bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Learning in Cluster Organizations and Accumulation of Technological Capability
Authors: Rozkwitalska Małgorzata , Lis Anna Maria
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the paper is to present how members of cluster organizations perceive their role in the accumulation of technological capability through social learning. The paper presents the results of a qualitative study of four cluster organizations. The theoretical foundation of the study are the communities of practice and the organizational inertia theories. The study indicates that the dynamics of technological capability of cluster organizations’ companies varies regarding three identified communities of practice, namely Participants, Cooperators and Locomotives. The so-called Dead souls (not included in any of the identified communities of practice) did not accumulate technological capability, while the companies classified as Participants increased their technological capability through social learning in cluster organizations provided that the cluster organizations offered comparatively high benefits. Those members of cluster organizations, identified as Cooperators and Locomotives, exhibited relatively high initial technological capability and increased it when the benefits received through social learning in cluster organizations were aligned with their technological trajectories. The study adds to the underdeveloped knowledge of cluster organizations by examining their role in enabling social learning that helps cluster firms accumulate technological capability.
Research Dialogue between Materials and Products in Architecture
Authors: Turunen Heidi
Published: October 2022

The materials life cycle consists of several phases. If application areas are targeted for architecture, comprehending the demands of the end-use phase might not be clear at the research and development phase, leading to an entity appearing fragmented. The aim of this study is to help bring order to the material research or development phases. The objective is to generate a review tool, which helps to observe different areas where architecture operates, and contemplate simultaneously the aspects during the different phases of the material development. The review tool of the material life cycle consists of tracking the raw materials until the re-used raw material, resulting in eight different stages of the material life cycle. In addition, each of the eight stages of the material life cycle is possible to observe with the five different viewpoints, which are present in architecture. These eight material life cycle stages and five aspects have been formulated as a chart. The chart consists of 40 different approaches facilitating discussion between different operators during the different phases of the material development. The chart might help set goals, frame areas, and improve comprehension of the research and development processes of the materials, especially when interdisciplinarity is involved in the research process.
Combine Harvester Low Crushing Rate Operation Strategy Research by Using Bayesian Network
Authors: Liu Yehong , Sun Dong , Xu Baoyan , Wang Shumao , Wang Xin
Published: October 2022

As the main harvesting machinery, the combine harvester is often due to improper adjustment of its operating parameters resulting in increased crushing rate and grain waste during the harvesting process. To quickly obtain the working range of key operating parameters under low crushing rate, this study conducted field tests on the relevant parameters affecting the crushing rate and finally selected the travel speed, feed rate, threshing drum speed, concave clearance, and crushing rate as node variables for the construction of the Bayesian network model. Based on the “search-and-score” algorithm, the best network structure can be obtained using the combination of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) scoring function and the hill-climbing method. In the obtained network, adjusting the proportion of the lowest level of the crushing rate nodes to 100 %, the operation strategy under the condition of low broken rate obtained by the network reasoning was: feed rate < 6 kg/s, travel speed < 5 km/h, concave clearance = 10 mm, threshing drum speed < 900 rpm. Three field trials were carried out using this optimized operation strategy, and the measured crushing rates were 0.93 %, 0.95 %, and 1.07 %, respectively, and the average crushing rate was 0.98 %. At the same time, when the optimized strategy was not used, the crushing rates were, respectively, 1.12 %, 1.41 %, and 1.93 %, and the average crushing rate was 1.48 %. The test results prove that the operation strategy based on Bayesian network inference can effectively reduce the crushing rate in the harvesting process.
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment: More than a Minimally Invasive Approach?
Authors: A. Ablal Manal
Published: October 2022

Minimally invasive (MI) caries management has largely evolved over the years to include approaches that not only aimed to preserve as much tooth structure as possible but also to embrace prevention and risk management strategies. The atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) is a minimally invasive approach that was initially established to address the issue of increasing number of salvable teeth that kept being extracted in remote parts of the world where there was a limited access to the necessary equipment to enable preserving teeth in the primary and permanent dentitions. Managing carious lesions following ART is not as demanding as that in the conventional restorative methods, however, there are certain factors known to contribute to the failure of atraumatic restorative treatment that need to be considered to ensure success. However, and despite the advantages associated with using ART there seems to be a lack of awareness among dental practitioners regarding adopting this approach that can largely affect effective practice. Therefore, there is a need to spread the awareness and further educate practitioners particularly in this Covid-19 era where the virus and its variants have impacted the provision of routine dental treatment and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future.
Perspective Chapter: Are Safety Zones a Threat to the Institution of Asylum?
Authors: Natalia Gierowska M.A.
Published: October 2022

Safe zones emerged as a new form of humanitarian space during the 1990s. Safe zones take various forms; however, they most often assume the shape of a temporal camp in a specified geographical area within the borders of the refugee-producing state. Nevertheless, safe zones are not protected from criticism. The increasingly common practice of States rejecting asylum claims based on the existence of safe zones is in conflict with the notion of asylum as a tool for the international protection of refugees, a human right enshrined in Article 14(1) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. To establish the risks associated with safety zones vis-à-vis refugees, attention will be drawn to the scale of permissibility in refugee law in its recognition of safety zones as a ground to restrict access to asylum. Particular attention will be drawn to the notion of Internal Protection Alternatives (IPA), as if the applicant is possibly safely relocating within his or her country of origin, they will not be accorded refugee status. To establish whether safe zones can represent a pragmatic complementary policy to international protection or a threat to the institution of asylum, this chapter will critically assess the performance of three safety zones: Iraq (1991), Bosnia and, more specifically, Srebrenica (1995) and Syria (2020).
Variable Renewable Energy: How the Energy Markets Rules Could Improve Electrical System Reliability
Authors: Llarens Daniel , Souilla Laura , A. Masiriz Santiago , R. Lestard Gastón
Published: October 2022

In the last 10 years, significant changes have been observed in the operation of electrical systems resulting from the increasing incorporation of Variable Renewable Energy (NCRE—Solar PV, WIND) characterized by strong volatility in its energy production, due to climatic effects, which affect the reliability in the operation of the electrical system. These technologies also show a significant reduction in their capital costs, which are currently competitive compared to conventional alternatives for energy production, with the advantage of contributing to reducing the production of greenhouse gases. Therefore, increasing reliability operational problems are expected in the future, which must be resolved to supply the demand safely and at minimum cost. LATAM’s countries are making slow progress in updating their regulatory frameworks for the electricity sector to include changes that improve the integration of NCRE generation without reducing the quality of service. This document describes possible regulatory changes that could be implemented to promote a system safe operation including (a) intra-hours marginal costs, (b) day-ahead/intraday energy markets, (c) incentives to better forecast the NCRE generation production profile, (d) participation of NCRE generation in the capacity market, and (e) including BESS as ancillary service for frequency/ramp power control.
Primary Hyperaldosteronism: The Role of the General Surgeons in Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Tullavardhana Thawatchai
Published: October 2022

Primary hyperaldosteronism (PA) is the cause of endocrine hypertension, which commonly occurs in young patients with uncontrolled hypertension that leads to worsening cardiovascular-related mortality. Patients suspected of developing PA should have their plasma aldosterone concentration and plasma renin activity (PRA) assessed for screening purposes. After verifying the diagnosis of PA, adrenal venous sample (AVS) is the gold standard diagnostic technique for differentiating unilateral from bilateral disease. Since adrenalectomy may benefit patients with unilateral disease, laparoscopic adrenalectomy, a minimally invasive surgical approach that provides better postoperative outcomes than open surgery, has become the standard treatment for unilateral PA. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy resulted in a 53% cure rate of hypertension after surgery, as well as all patients had improved hypertension control, including the remission of hypokalemia. The conventional laparoscopic adrenalectomy approaches are transperitoneal and retroperitoneal, with similar postoperative outcomes. However, for general surgeons with limited laparoscopic adrenalectomy experience, the transperitoneal technique may offer an advantage over the retroperitoneal approach in terms of faster learning curve time, better surgical anatomy view, and the ability to resect adrenal tumors larger than 5 cm. This chapter focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of PA from the general surgeon’s perspective.
Challenges and Opportunities of Oil Palm Production in Uganda
Authors: Moses Amugoli Otuba , Bwayo Masika Fred , Asiimwe Alex , Ddamulira Gabriel
Published: October 2022

Oil palm, a lucrative vegetable oil crop in the world, showed promising adaptability to some agroecologies in Uganda from studies carried out in the 1970s resulting in first commercial establishment in 2005 in Bugala Island, Kalangala district. Further, adaptability studies continue to reveal suitable areas for commercial oil palm production in the country. The infant industry faces an array of challenges, both biotic and abiotic especially in regard to smallholder farmer field management and build-up of pests and disease in the face of climate change both in the nuclear estate and smallholder farmers’ fields. The rapid build-up of devastating diseases such as Fusarium wilt of oil palm and Ganoderma trunk rot in Uganda is an interesting scenario since they are often expected from second-phase plantings in other areas in the world. However, it may be attributed to the all-year-round weather suitability to pests and disease build-up on native or alternative hosts in most agroecologies in Uganda. This difference from other oil palm producing regions in the world has resulted in recently initiated oil palm Research in Uganda to focus on developing local solutions to challenges facing oil palm farmers in the country.
Geothermal Energy for Southern Thailand: Opportunities and Realities
Authors: Duerrast Helmut
Published: October 2022

Electrical energy demand for Southern Thailand is continuously increasing, with new coal/gas-fired power plants planned. However, coal/gas-fired power plants are not only large CO2 emitters, thus intensifying the on-going climate change crisis, but also their technology costs remain stagnant at comparable high levels. Solar and wind energy can be produced at far lower costs; however, their shares on the renewable energy mix are comparably small in Thailand, but with steady increase. A disadvantage of solar and wind energy is that the production is not constant due to day/night and weather, respectively. Such can be compensated by adding geothermal energy, which can act as a backbone of the renewable energy mix, although absolute amounts might be relatively low. In Southern Thailand, hot springs are the surface expressions of active geothermal systems at depth. Surface exit temperatures can reach up to 80°C and reservoir temperatures up to 143 °C, thus being considered as low enthalpy resources, which can be utilized applying binary power plant technology. In the current renewable power plant, geothermal energy is not considered, but Southern Thailand holds promising quantities of geothermal resources. The only current geothermal power plant in Thailand located in Fang can act as a positive example.
Surface Analysis of Graphene and Graphite
Authors: Xie Wenjing , Chan Chi-Ming
Published: October 2022

Graphene and graphite are two widely studied carbon materials. Due to their particular properties and structure, graphene and graphite have been used in a variety of fields such as electronic devices and sensors. The surface properties of graphene and graphite as well as their derivatives are strongly connected to the performances of devices and sensors. Thus, it is necessary to choose appropriate surface analysis techniques for characterization, which are not only useful in the understanding of the surface composition and structure but also in the design and development of these types of materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) have been two of the key surface analysis techniques that are widely used to characterize these surfaces. In this chapter, an overview of the applications of XPS and ToF-SIMS in the study of the surfaces of graphene and graphite is present. We hope that the information provided will simulate more exciting and inspiring research on graphene and graphite and promote practical applications of these carbon materials in the future.
Association Between Air Pollution, Climate Change, and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of the Recent Scientific Evidence
Authors: Ghobakhloo Safiye , Miranzadeh Mohammad Bagher , Ghaffari Yasaman , Ghobakhloo Zahra , Mostafaii Gholam Reza
Published: October 2022

Background: Recent studies indicated the possible relationship between climate change, environmental pollution, and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study reviewed the effects of air pollution, climate parameters, and lockdown on the number of cases and deaths related to COVID-19. Methods: The present review was performed to determine the effects of weather and air pollution on the number of cases and deaths related to COVID-19 during the lockdown. Articles were collected by searching the existing online databases, such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, with no limitations on publication dates. Afterwards, this review focused on outdoor air pollution, including PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and O3, and weather conditions affecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/COVID-19. Results: Most reviewed investigations in the present study showed that exposure to air pollutants, particularly PM2.5 and NO2, is positively related to COVID-19 patients and mortality. Moreover, these studies showed that air pollution could be essential in transmitting COVID-19. Local meteorology plays a vital role in coronavirus spread and mortality. Temperature and humidity variables are negatively correlated with virus transmission. The evidence demonstrated that air pollution could lead to COVID-19 transmission. These results support decision-makers in curbing potential new outbreaks. Conclusions: Overall, in environmental perspective-based COVID-19 studies, efforts should be accelerated regarding effective policies for reducing human emissions, bringing about air pollution and weather change. Therefore, using clean and renewable energy sources will increase public health and environmental quality by improving global air quality.
Colistin-Induced Neurotoxicity in a Multidrug-Resistant UTI Patient with Cervical Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Ramezanzade Elham , Ghanbari Reyhane , Yazdanipour Tina
Published: October 2022

Introduction: There has been a rise in the reappearance of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in recent years. Using polymyxins, such as colistin, as a last-line treatment for these infections has led to renewed interest in the toxic effects of this drug. Case Presentation: In this case report, we present neurological signs and symptoms developed in a patient with a history of cervical cancer four to five hours after receiving colistin for treating a urinary tract infection caused by MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a colony count of > 100,000/L. These signs and symptoms included lower limb hemiparesis, facial paresthesia, decreased deep tendon reflexes, and tinnitus, which were resolved on their own 24 hours after discontinuation of the drug. Antibiotic therapy was continued with pipractate and ciprofloxacin instead. The patient got discharged in stable condition after negative urine culture results.
ECG Prediction of Mortality in COVID-19 Patients by Sokolow-Lyon Voltage
Authors: Nikoo Mohammad Hossein , Sadeghi Alireza , Estedlal Alireza , Heydari Seyyed Taghi , Taherinezhad Tayebi Mohammadamir , Dehdari Ebrahimi Niloofar , Esfandiari Haleh , Jamshidi Kerachi Ali , Zarourati Mahdi
Published: October 2022

Background: Different electrocardiographic (ECG) results, seen in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are most likely due to the combined impact of acute COVID-19 and chronic heart disease. Few studies have addressed the effects of hypoxemia, the hallmark of the pandemic disease, on ECG. Objectives: The present study discusses the prevalence of arrhythmias and disorders of conduction system in demised and survived COVID-19 patients, using ECG and Sokolow-Lyon voltage as a sign of hypoxemia to predict mortality in the admitted patients and after discharge. Methods: We investigated the ECG, and other medical data of 960 COVID-19 patients admitted to Faghihi hospital in Shiraz, Iran, from August 2021 to December 2021. Results: Most of the patients were male (541 or 56.4%) and older than 65 years old (462 or 48.1%). A total of 475 (49.5%) patients died. Multiple logistic regression revealed an independent association between the COVID-19 death rate and cardiovascular disease (OR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.96 - 4.74), QT dispersion more than 40 (OR = 5.08; 95% CI: 3.61 - 7.15), heart rate (more than 100 versus less than 60 OR = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.03 - 7.9), ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (OR = 3.93; 95% CI: 2.63 - 5.86), poor progression (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.56 - 3.49), hypertrophy (OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.02 - 3.81), and Sokolow-Lyon (OR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.64 - 5.16). Conclusions: Electrocardiographic examination of COVID-19 patients is important during admission and after discharge. Sokolow-Lyon voltage less than 10 can be regarded as an independent predictor of mortality in COVID-19 patients discharged from hospital.
Chronic suppurative osteomyelitis due to dislocation of the silicone prosthesis in the chin
Authors: Da-Silva Ruan Soares , Rodrigues Lizandra Gonzaga , Tostes Camille Fonseca , De-Moraes Larissa Cristina Araújo , Manzi Flávio Ricardo , Vespasiano Amaro Ilídio
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Osteomyelitis is one of the inflammatory processes that spread in medullary spaces or cortical surfaces, being one of the adverse effects in cases of foreign bodies. Treatment of osteomyelitis includes antibiotic therapy, drainage and surgical interventions. Objective: The objective of this present study is to present a case report of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis, caused by the displacement of a silicone prosthesis in the chin region. Materials and methods: Case report, with information obtained through interviews with the patient, review of medical records, complementary diagnostic imaging exam and literature review. Results: Based on the information collected with the pacient, review of medical records, complementary diagnostic imaging exam and literature review, it was possible to diagnose the presence of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis in the chin region due to displacement of the silicone prosthesis. Conclusion: Aesthetic procedures are increasingly common, but without planning, proper management, correct choice of materials used and good adaptation of the prostheses in the sites, they can cause serious injuries, such as osteomyelitis, bring risks and affect the individuals quality of life. Osteomyelitis treatment is usually specific to each case and depends on a correct and early diagnosis and can be performed clinically and through imaging exams, mainly cone beam computed tomography because it has more accurate images. Treatments can range from antibiotics to resection of the affected bone.
Prenatal monitoring of pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus
Authors: Macura Maja , Dugalić Stefan , Todorović Jovana , Gutić Bojana , Milinčić Miloš , Božić Dragana , Stojiljković Milica , Mićić Jelena , Gojnić Miroslava
Published: October 2022

Preconception and prenatal monitoring evaluate the condition of the mother's underlying disease and possible complications during pregnancy. Before conception, patients with diabetes should be informed that suboptimal glycoregulation is associated with reduced fertility and pregnancy losses. The task of the perinatologist in pregnancies affected by diabetes mellitus is to prevent complications of the underlying disease, such as hypoglycemic crises. Another important component of prenatal care in diabetic pregnancies is the recognition and prevention of pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, polyhydramnios, congenital malformations, fetal macrosomia, and infections.
Nutrition in pregnancy with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Todorović Jovana , Dugalić Stefan , Macura Maja , Gutić Bojana , Milinčić Miloš , Božić Dragana , Stojiljković Milica , Sbutega-Filipović Olivera , Gojnić Miroslava
Published: October 2022

The nutritional needs of diabetic pregnancies are different from normal pregnancies. Differences in nutritional recommendations can also be seen between pregnant women who are using and who are not using insulin therapy. In this literature review, recommendations for different meal proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the diets of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus are listed. Different meal plans were also addressed in this group of patients. The role of exercise in the management of diabetes in pregnancy is undeniable and different approaches found in the literature are presented.
Cuidado de personas con demencia: respuestas positivas experimentadas por los cónyuges
Authors: Pradana Anung Ahadi , Sahar Junaiti , Permatasari Henny
Published: October 2022

Primary Goal: The purpose of this study was to determine the positive response experienced by spouse cargiving their partner with dementia. The role of the spouse as a caregiver for people with dementia is known to have significant effects than the role of other family members. Spouse’s acceptance as caregivers for people with dementia can affect the quality of services provided. Methods: This research using a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach to 10 participants obtained using a purposive sampling technique. Results: The results showed that the positive response of the caregivers while caring for a spouse with dementia was seen through feelings of gratitude for the blessings received, acceptance to the conditions experienced, and the feeling of closeness as partner. Conclusions: Positive responses that appear in spouses who are caregivers can be an entry point for health workers to improve the welfare of spouses as caregivers.

Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la respuesta positiva experimentada por los cónyuges que cuidan a su pareja con demencia. Se sabe que el papel del cónyuge como cuidador de personas con demencia tiene efectos más significativos que el papel de otros miembros de la familia. La aceptación del cónyuge como cuidador de personas con demencia puede afectar la calidad de los servicios prestados.Métodos: Esta investigación utilizó un estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico a 10 participantes obtenidos mediante una técnica de muestreo intencional.Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la respuesta positiva de los cuidadores en el cuidado de un cónyuge con demencia se vio a través de sentimientos de gratitud por las bendiciones recibidas, aceptación de las condiciones vividas y el sentimiento de cercanía como pareja.Conclusiones: Las respuestas positivas que aparecen en los cónyuges que son cuidadores pueden ser un punto de entrada para que los trabajadores de la salud mejoren el bienestar de los cónyuges como cuidadores.
Looping Arts, Research, and the Streets in Recent Polish Protests
Authors: Grześkiewicz Hanna
Published: October 2022

Using the case study of the 2020/21 Strajk Kobiet [Women’s Strike] protests in Poland, this project looks at the relationship between research(ers) and social movements, the blurred line between artist and activist, and the purpose of archiving within a protest wave. What renderings are effective when research needs to exist in a close loop with the streets? Is the role of the artist during a protest wave to disseminate awareness or knowledge, and inspire, or can artistic research be a form of knowledge-development, and therefore a rendering of the research to further political goals and develop political strategies? What is the role of the archive?

Against a backdrop of digitised-mediatised politics and a fascistisation of politics globally, this research looks to address an urgent need for dynamic renderings and more structured looping of research, arts, archiving and the streets in the fight for better futures. Posing more questions than offering answers, this exploratory process comes from a personal intersection of academic investigation and activist practice.
Rendering Volumetrically, Rendering Queerly
Authors: Blanco-Fernández Vítor
Published: October 2022

The main aim of this article is to describe the conceptual basis and challenges of the project Volumetric Frictions. Volumetric Frictions is a queer virtual reality resulting from my will to render my ongoing PhD research (“Digital Speculation, Volumetric Fictions. Volumetric/3D CGI within the queer contemporary debate”) differently. To contextualize the project, I start by addressing contemporary debates about the role of queer, and the practice of queering, in academic institutions. Then, I move forward to describe my PhD research and its pro-visional results. I name these results “volumetric frictions”, as they define crossing paths between queer theories and 3D/volumetric aesthetics. Finally, I summarize some of the challenges currently being faced in the design of the project. Throughout the article, I make use of contemporary 3D/volumetric art to illustrate ideas, concepts, and possible solutions.
Exploring Curriculum Ideology and Politics in First-Class Major Construction - Introduction to Artificial Intelligence as an Example
Authors: Xiang Jian
Published: October 2022

Computer science is a key major subject in the construction of "New Engineering" in universities, and the students trained in this major subject should have high scientific literacy and strong innovation and entrepreneurial ability. In the education of "Curriculum Ideology and Politics", the study focus on cultivating students' innovation ability, engraving "craftsmanship" in the heart of every student, so that they can devote themselves to the process of building a world of science and technology power.

The Introduction to Introduction to Artificial Intelligence helps students to build a general understanding of the field of artificial intelligence and provides a solid foundation for subsequent research in various branches. It is important to follow the syllabus of this course to teach students the spirit of this science and to learn about the applications of artificial intelligence for the benefit of humanity.
A Study on Level of Input and Economics of Production of Groundnut in Gujarat
Authors: Ramoliya R. K. , Prajapati M. R.
Published: October 2022

Groundnut, popularly known as peanut, which is one of the important kharif oilseed crop and its botanical name is Arachis hypogea. India ranks second next to China in terms of production.

During 2019-20, groundnut was cultivated under 31.57 million hectares producing 53.64 million tonnes groundnuts in the world. India ranked first in term of area, with 15.30 per cent share to the world acreage followed by China (14.57%) and Nigeria (12.89%). Keeping all these things in view, the researcher has decided to conduct a study entitled to study level of input and economics of production of groundnut in Gujarat and objective of the study was to study level of input and economics of production for groundnut. A multistage sampling was adopted as appropriate sampling procedure for the study. In the first stage, out of thirty-three districts, seven districts were selected purposively according to the highest command area of groundnut cultivation. In the second stage, two talukas from each selected district were chosen purposively. In the third stage, two villages from each selected taluka were selected randomly. In the fourth stage, twelve respondents were selected randomly from each selected village. Thus, a total of 336 respondents were selected for the study. As regards analytical tools, following techniques were used to analyse the stipulated objectives, i.e. calculation of cost and returns, Cobb-Douglas production function and MVP/MC ratio. All type of farm size group used more groundnut seeds than the recommended seed rate except marginal farmers. Nitrogen and Phosphorus usage were higher than the recommended doses by all type of farm size group. Manure usage were half of the recommended doses by selected farmers. Medium, semi medium and large farmers return per ha over cost A and cost B was higher than small and marginal farmers. Input-output ratio was observed highest in case of large farmers (1.69) over cost C2, followed by medium farmers (1.68). Farmers over utilize of inputs for groundnut production like seed, fertilizer, bullock labour and irrigation, Whereas, farmers underutilize of inputs for groundnut production like farm equipment, PPC, human labour and manure. Farmers of the selected area were ignoring recommended package of practices and new technologies. Hence, proper and timely training should be provided to groundnut farmers to create awareness about recommended package of practices and new technologies to the groundnut farmers by involving the extension activities and extension personnel through arranging farmers meetings, field level demonstrations, meeting with progressive farmers etc.
Research Protocol on Comparative Assessment of Tissue Regeneration by Ayurveda Medication (Amalaki Patra Mashi Ointment) and Silver Sulfadiazine in Dagdha Vrana (Burn Wound)
Authors: Mhaishkar Kanchan , Dandekar Pradnya , Desai Priti , Mhaishkar Bhushan
Published: October 2022

Background: Skin is the largest organ in the body and performs a wide variety of different function. It play an important role in the injury of the skin. Burns (Dagdha Vrana) are significant health challenge and healing can result in scar formation. Within the herbal medicine tradition the concept of Tonification and Trophorestoration is well established. Concepts of regeneration and Trophorestoration in Ayurveda provide another dimension to the area of regenerative medicine. Acharya Charaka suggests to use drugs of Amalaki to prevent Vrana. Amalaki and Silver Sulfadiazine (SSD) are the two comparative drugs chosen to evaluate the Trophorestoration concept through Dagdha Vrana in Albino rabbits.

Materials and Methods: After identification and phytochemical study of test drugs 18 adult Albino rabbits will be divided into 3 groups with six Albino Rabbits in each group. The burn wound will be induced by using metal disc, three groups have been taken in which first is control group, second is standard control, third is experimental group. Before applying experimental drugs to respective group the tissue sample will be taken from each of albino rabbits and from one of the healthy tissue sample of normal skin will be taken by Punch Biopsy for histopathalogical assay. Examination of wound area, swelling, redness, oozing will be observed. Macroscopic and Microscopic assessment of wound will be done on day 0th, 4th, 8th, and 15th, 21st day after burn. Simultaneously on 0th day and 21st day SOD and MDA test will be done. The remaining animals will be returned to the animal house for their reuse.

Expected Results: Whether Amalaki Patra Mashi ointment has more effect on troporestoration property of Twacha in Dagdha Vrana (Burn wound) than Silver Sulfadiazine.
4D Printing of Shape Memory Polymers, Blends, and Composites and Their Advanced Applications: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Kouka Mohamed Ali , Abbassi Fethi , Habibi Mohamed , Chabert France , Zghal Ali , Garnier Christian
Published: October 2022

4D printing is defined as the additive manufacturing process of smart (stimuli‐responsive) materials. Shape memory materials are sensitive to specific stimuli such as heat, electricity, magnetic fields, etc., which can change their form or properties. This characteristic gives the material a dynamic behavior over time (the fourth dimension). The application of the 4D printing technique is currently being explored in various fields, including soft robotics, electrical devices, deployable structures, medical implants, and medicine delivery systems. This article first examines the fundamentals of 3D printing techniques, their advantages, and limitations. Then, the shape memory materials are categorized and reviewed according to their type (shape memory polymers, shape memory composites, polymer blends, etc.) and stimulus responsiveness. Finally, different properties of shape memory materials like shape memory effect, thermomechanical properties, and their compatibility with different types of additive manufacturing processes are discussed.
The multifactorial aquaculture‐related COVID‐19 shock in Benin, West Africa: A socio‐economic perspective of mitigating the disruptive impacts on the small‐scale and subsistence producers
Authors: Amoussou Toundji Olivier , Dessouassi Comlan Eugène , Yong Dorothé Ngondjeb , Fagnon Siméon Mahougnon , Houngbe Luc , Millogo Vinsoun , Toko Ibrahim Imorou , Frimpong Emmanuel A.
Published: October 2022

Aquaculture development in Benin depends heavily on small‐scale and subsistence aquaculture producers (SSAPs), who are sustaining production activities. The aquaculture sector is vulnerable to market shocks because of its dependence on inputs and equipment, which are mainly imported from overseas. The recent outbreaks of global aquaculture diseases have also proven the sensitivity of the sector. The vulnerability of SSAPs is expected to increase as a subsequent result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. This is the reason why COVID‐19‐related difficulties affecting aquaculture production deserve to be evaluated in the country's aquaculture sector. We conducted an online survey to assess the impact of COVID‐19 and the resulting restrictive measures on the functioning of SSAPs farms. Data were collected from 98 SSAPs informants spread over the geographic area with high aquaculture production potential in the country. The rate of increase in input prices, linear discriminant and factorial correspondence analyses projected severe constraints in almost all the value chain. The rates of increase in the unit price of inputs increased from 14% to 188%, thus weakening aqua‐farmers’ purchasing capacity. COVID‐19 has led to a drop in the sales turnover of aqua‐farms, resulting in staff reductions and unemployment. Difficulties in accessing quality inputs have led to the disruption of fish growth and thus the production cycle. The sale of aquaculture products saw a 20%–30% drop in turnover in many farms. The critical challenges mentioned by both men and women SSAPs are mainly the high cost of fish feed, the rising input and transport costs, and the lack of financial resources. Therefore, short‐, medium‐, and long‐term mitigation measures are suggested and could help to alleviate these difficulties while sustaining the blue revolution already under way. This community of men and women SSAPs should adopt and strengthen their use of existing endogenous technologies as well as digital modern options for remote aquaculture sales, in order to cope with future disruptions. The scientific community should help to propose incentive‐based alternative options (e.g., affordable production systems, and efficient micro‐credit model) that can motivate SSAPs to continue with aquaculture, as a guarantee of the sustainability of their livelihoods.
Synthese und Biologische Untersuchungen von C(13)/C(13′)‐Bis(desmethyl)disorazol Z**
Authors: Bold Christian Paul , Lucena‐Agell Daniel , Oliva María Ángela , Díaz José Fernando , Altmann Karl‐Heinz
Published: October 2022

Wir beschreiben hier die Totalsynthese des Makrodiolids C(13)/C(13′)‐Bis(desmethyl)disorazol Z über die Bildung des Makrozyklus durch eine doppelte inter‐/intramolekulare Stille‐Kreuzkupplung eines monomeren Vinylstannan/Vinyliodid Vorläufers. Der Schlüsselschritt in der Synthese dieses Vorläufers ist die stereoselektive Aldolreaktion eines formalen Evans Acetat‐Aldolprodukts mit Crotonaldehyd. Wie mitttels Röntgenkristallographie gezeigt werden konnte, ist der Bindungsmodus des C(13)/C(13′)‐Bis(desmethyl)disorazol Z an Tubulin praktisch identisch mit demjenigen des Naturstoffs Disorazol Z. Desgleichen unterdrückt das C(13)/C(13′)‐Bis(desmethyl)disorazol Z die Tubulinpolymerisation zumindest gleich stark wie das Disorazol Z und es hemmt das Zellwachstum offenbar sogar mit höherer Potenz.
A 2.75 V ammonium‐based dual‐ion battery
Authors: Zhao Zhiming , Lei Yongjiu , Shi Lin , Tian Zhengnan , Hedhili Mohamed N. , Khan Yusuf , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: October 2022

The popular metal‐ion batteries (MIBs) suffer from environmental and economic issues because of their heavy dependency on nonrenewable metals. Here, we propose a metal‐free ammonium (NH4+)‐based dual‐ion battery with a record‐breaking operation voltage of 2.75 V. The working mechanism of this sustainable battery involves the reversible anion (PF6−) intercalation chemistry in graphite cathode and NH4+intercalation behavior in PTCDI (3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic diimide) anode. This new battery configuration successfully circumvented the reduction susceptibility of NH4+and the lack of mature NH4+‐rich cathodes for NH4+ion batteries (AIBs). The customized organic NH4+electrolyte endows the graphite||PTCDI full battery with durable longevity (over 1000 cycles) and a high energy density (200 Wh kg−1). We show that the development of AIBs should be high‐voltage‐oriented while circumventing low operation potential to avoid NH4+reduction.
Identification of a Distinct Monocyte‐Driven Signature in Systemic Sclerosis Using Biophysical Phenotyping of Circulating Immune Cells
Authors: Matei Alexandru‐Emil , Kubánková Markéta , Xu Liyan , Györfi Andrea‐Hermina , Boxberger Evgenia , Soteriou Despina , Papava Maria , Prater Julia , Hong Xuezhi , Bergmann Christina , Kräter Martin , Schett Georg , Guck Jochen , Distler Jörg H. W.
Published: October 2022

Objective

Pathologically activated circulating immune cells, including monocytes, play major roles in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Their functional characterization can provide crucial information with direct clinical relevance. However, tools for the evaluation of pathologic immune cell activation and, in general, of clinical outcomes in SSc are scarce. Biophysical phenotyping (including characterization of cell mechanics and morphology) provides access to a novel, mostly unexplored layer of information regarding pathophysiologic immune cell activation. We hypothesized that the biophysical phenotyping of circulating immune cells, reflecting their pathologic activation, can be used as a clinical tool for the evaluation and risk stratification of patients with SSc.

Methods

We performed biophysical phenotyping of circulating immune cells by real‐time fluorescence and deformability cytometry (RT‐FDC) in 63 SSc patients, 59 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, 28 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis (AAV) patients, and 22 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy donors.

Results

We identified a specific signature of biophysical properties of circulating immune cells in SSc patients that was mainly driven by monocytes. Since it is absent in RA and AAV, this signature reflects an SSc‐specific monocyte activation rather than general inflammation. The biophysical properties of monocytes indicate current disease activity, the extent of skin or lung fibrosis, and the severity of manifestations of microvascular damage, as well as the risk of disease progression in SSc patients.

Conclusion

Changes in the biophysical properties of circulating immune cells reflect their pathologic activation in SSc patients and are associated with clinical outcomes. As a high‐throughput approach that requires minimal preparations, RT‐FDC–based biophysical phenotyping of monocytes can serve as a tool for the evaluation and risk stratification of patients with SSc.
Automated analysis of computerized morphological features of cell clusters associated with malignancy on bile duct brushing whole slide images
Authors: Monabbati Shayan , Leo Patrick , Bera Kaustav , Michael Claire W. , Nezami Behtash G. , Harbhajanka Aparna , Madabhushi Anant
Published: October 2022

Background

Bile duct brush specimens are difficult to interpret as they often present inflammatory and reactive backgrounds due to the local effects of stricture, atypical reactive changes, or previously installed stents, and often have low to intermediate cellularity. As a result, diagnosis of biliary adenocarcinomas is challenging and often results in large interobserver variability and low sensitivity

Objective

In this work, we used computational image analysis to evaluate the role of nuclear morphological and texture features of epithelial cell clusters to predict the presence of pancreatic and biliary tract adenocarcinoma on digitized brush cytology specimens.

Methods

Whole slide images from 124 patients, either diagnosed as benign or malignant based on clinicopathological correlation, were collected and randomly split into training (ST, N = 58) and testing (Sv, N = 66) sets, with the exception of cases diagnosed as atypical on cytology were included in Sv. Nuclear boundaries on cell clusters extracted from each image were segmented via a watershed algorithm. A total of 536 quantitative morphometric features pertaining to nuclear shape, size, and aggregate cluster texture were extracted from within the cell clusters. The most predictive features from patients in ST were selected via rank‐sum, t‐test, and minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) schemes. The selected features were then used to train three machine‐learning classifiers.

Results

Malignant clusters tended to exhibit lower textural homogeneity within the nucleus, greater textural entropy around the nuclear membrane, and longer minor axis lengths. The sensitivity of cytology alone was 74% (without atypicals) and 46% (with atypicals). With machine diagnosis, the sensitivity improved to 68% from 46% when atypicals were included and treated as nonmalignant false negatives. The specificity of our model was 100% within the atypical category.

Conclusion

We achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.79 on Sv, which included atypical cytological diagnosis.
Identification of the Main Phenolic Markers in Turkish Pine Honeys and Their Biological Functions
Authors: Sahin Huseyin , Ozkok Asli , Tanugur Samanci Asli Elif , Onder Elif Yorulmaz , Kolayli Sevgi
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this research was to identify the biological activity of Turkish pine honeys and the most abundant phenolic compound(s) to guide future studies to be done about this type of honey. Moreover, this will provide the chance to introduce Turkish pine honeys by elucidating a distinct parameter compared to other forms of honey reported in the literature. To this end, microscopic examination based on the number of honeydew elements (NHE) and the number of total pollen (NTP) grains was performed on 17 samples of pine honeys from the Aegean region of Turkey. Then 18 commonly‐occurring phenolic standards were used in high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to examine the samples. Each sample was tested for individual phenolic compounds, as well as total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). As shown by the numerical data, the values for NHE and NTP were 6600–144000 and 3000–75000, respectively. In addition, the general means of TPC, TFC, and FRAP values for the samples were 53.000 mg GAE/100 g fresh sample, 1.944 mg QE/100 g fresh sample, and 3.455 μmol FeSO4/g fresh sample, respectively. Protocatechuic acid predominated with a range of 197.841–780.227 μg phenolic /100 g sample in all samples. According to the general mean for values detected in the samples, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid and benzoic acid were the second and third markers for Turkish pine honey samples. It is believed that these results will help efforts to set standards for pine honey on a national and global scale.
Organophotocatalytic [2+2] Cycloaddition of Electron‐Deficient Styrenes**
Authors: Golfmann Maxim , Glagow Louis , Giakoumidakis Antonios , Golz Christopher , Walker Johannes C. L.
Published: October 2022

A visible‐light organophotocatalytic [2+2] cycloaddition of electron‐deficient styrenes is described. Photocatalytic [2+2] cycloadditions are typically performed with electron‐rich styrene derivatives or α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds, and with transition‐metal‐based catalysts. We have discovered that an organic cyanoarene photocatalyst is able to deliver high‐value cyclobutane products bearing electron‐deficient aryl substituents in good yields. A range of electron‐deficient substituents are tolerated, and both homodimerisations and intramolecular [2+2] cycloadditions to fused bicyclic systems are available by using this methodology.
A case of disseminated extranodal Rosai–Dorfman disease diagnosed by skin manifestations
Authors: Saito Shintaro , Uchiyama Akihiko , Shibusawa Yayoi , Motegi Sei‐ichiro
Published: October 2022

Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis that was first described as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy by Rosai and Dorfman in 1969. While classical/nodal RDD is typical, extranodal involvement is seen in up to 43% of all cases, with 23% showing only extranodal lesions. Here, we present a case of disseminated extranodal RDD, where the initial symptoms were cutaneous manifestations.