bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Powder Metallurgy Parameters on Electrical Conductivity of Copper-Nickel-Tungsten Electrode
Authors: M. Sabri A. , Zulafif Rahim M. , A. Haikal Ahmad M. , H. Azis N. , Rasidi Ibrahim M. , Mubarak Tajul Arifin Ahmad , Ismail Al Emran
Published: July 2024

Powder metallurgy is a manufacturing process to produce a specific shape of product by using powder as the raw material. Using this technology powder can be mixed with different types of powder material to enhance the properties of the product as required. In addition, properties such as thermal, electrical and microstructure properties of the material can be efficiently controlled by controlling a numbers of parameters such as compressive load, particle size and sintering temperature of the process. This research discusses the effect of the pressure applied, the temperature of sintering, and the powder composition on the electrical conductivity of the Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) electrode produced by powder metallurgy. Three different powder types of Copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and tungsten (W) were mixed in this experiment with several ratios to produce the composite metal product. Several compressive load were tested to produce green compact electrode which are 7 tons, 8 tons and 9 tons. Three different sintering temperatures of 635ÂºC, 685ÂºC and 735ÂºC were also tested in sintering process of the green compacted electrode. In this experiment it was found that all investigated parameter significantly influenced the response. Through the analysis, the optimum electrical conductivity of EDM electrode was obtained by using 7 tonne, 5% W, and 735Â°C, for compaction load, composition, and temperature respectively. The highest electrical conductivity obtained is 16.425 ÂµOhm cm.Â Â
The Characteristics of the Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) through Moodle: a View on Studentsâ€™ knowledge Construction Process
Authors: Hashim Suhaizal , Erfy Ismail Mohd , Ismail Affero , Masek Alias , Mahazir Ismail Irwan , Razali Nizamuddin , Ali Samsudin Mohd
Published: July 2024

Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is based on the pedagogical process of observation where students will learn progressively through active group interaction. CSCL is an emerging branch of the learning sciences concerned with studying on how people can learn together with the help of computers. Thus, this research was conducted to measure the characteristics of the CSCL learning environment through Moodle that assists the process of studentsâ€™ knowledge construction during the teaching and learning process. The CSCL learning environment is an educational learning system which develops to help the teachers and students in managing School Based Assessment (SBA) in selected secondary school in Malaysia. Samples involved two groups of students and two Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) teachers from two different schools. A total of 61 students, who were taught using CSCL approach through Moodle, underwent the process of teaching and learning using their school computer laboratory. The finding shows that the characteristics of the CSCL learning approach that used in this learning environment for the first group are at a high level with overall mean of 4.17 and the second group at moderate level with overall mean of 3.62. The result proves that the characteristics of the CSCL learning environment help students to build their knowledge during teaching and learning process at the high level with an overall mean score of 3.87. The mean of these two groups may vary according to studentsâ€™ background, as well as learning environment facilities. Although, CSCL leads to studentsâ€™ self-development, improving learning quality, sharing knowledge and assisting studentsâ€™ in the process of building their knowledge, implementation of CSCL must first considering the technology relevant facilities, especially computer laboratory and internet accessibility in school. The implication is that designing a good CSCL must also taking into account the targeted usersâ€™ cultural background and socioeconomic factors.Â
Identifying the Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Strategic Management
Authors: Valliappan Raju Assoc. Prof. Dr. , Md Rom Bin Tamjis Prof Dr.
Published: July 2024

Key enterprise depends on the mix of business enterprise and key administration. Key enterprise is another methodology in the executives writing. Additionally, the present business world requires an introduction towards key enterprise. Vital business is likewise a need for organizations to make most extreme riches. In this examination, vital enterprise that is the crossing point of business and vital administration is broke down.Â Â
Diagnose Mutations Causes Î’-Thalassemia: Biomining Method Using an Optimal Neural Learning Algorithm
Authors: Ghany Ismaeel Ayad
Published: July 2024

The problems in genome and proteome classification of mutations causing a thalassemia are synthesis, e.g. which thalassemia's database will choose? and then the technique that used in biomining to classify mutations causing thalassemia who can say is effective/optimal. This paper proposed genomics classification for Î²-thalassemiaâ€™s mutations in ITHALNET-IthaGenes database [1] (which is a modern and more comprehensive comparing to otherÂ  thalassemia databases aboutÂ  63% of thalassemiaâ€™sÂ  mutations) using data biomining method based on multipleÂ  neural network learning algorithms (Conjugate Gradient Descent, quick propagation, online backpropagation BP and batch BP algorithm).Â  The experimental results based on architecture of BP [457-228-1] with (1000) iteration shows conjugate gradient descent is optimal biomining technique comparing to other techniquesÂ  of diagnosis mutation of B-thalassemia, which shows in training stage with error improvement= 5.20E-08 and testing stage Correlate= 0.999601 &Â  R-Squared= 0.9992, in quick propagation gives error improvement= 5.20E-08, Correlate= 0.997086 &Â  R-Squared= 0.994173,Â  in Batch BP reveals error improvement = 0.257249, Correlate= 0.975762 &Â  R-Squared= 0.931719,Â  finally the online propagationÂ  error improvement= 0.000013 and testing stage Correlate= 0.975277 &Â  R-Squared= 0.900057).Â Â
Short Text Mining: Machine Learning and Statistical Modelling Approaches Compared
Authors: H. Al-Barahamtoshy Omar
Published: July 2024

With the growth of technology, social media has gained popularity and now plays a key role in modern day to day communication. Given such trend, social media has gained increasing influence on our society to the extent it has become a part of our language to say I am going to â€œTweetâ€ about some thought. Like any community driven content, people find complex means to interact with each other. Twitter offers people the ability to tag their tweets with hashtags to specify the topic of tweetâ€™s content. However, like any community driven convention, there exists many tweets which do not have hashtags. In this paper, we seek to explore the methods in the literature that can categorize tweets without hashtags. We have evaluated one method, which proved to be very promising due to its flexibility and extensibility to many applications. We also discuss future enhancement and extension possibilities, and provide a critique of the current methodâ€™s drawbacks.Â
A Gamified Recommendation Framework
Authors: Amine Talhaoui Mohamed , Daif Abderrahmane , Azzouazi Mohamed , Oubrahim Younes
Published: July 2024

A recommendation system is intended to provide a user with relevant resources based on their preferences. The latter thus reduces his search time but also receives suggestions from the system to which he would not have spontaneously lent attention. The development of the big data technologies and its popularity have included the creation of such systems. Content-based recommendation systems rely on user-based ratings on a set of documents or items. The objective is then to understand the motivations leading him to judge as relevant or not a given item. The gamification aims to use the game to push consumers to do things they would not have done on their own: Fill out a questionnaire, buy a product, watch advertisements or assimilate information. In this paper we join the fields of gamification and recommendation systems to provide a new method and architecture to recommendation.Â Â
Low-cost Smart Architecture for Classroom Response System Using Raspberry: RaspCRS
Authors: Moulay Taj A. , Abouhilal A. , Taifi N. , Antari J. , Malaoui A.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this paper is to present a low-cost architecture based on embedded systems for the operation of a Classroom Response System (CRS). In order to validate the proposed architecture, various tests were conducted with 30 students enrolled in a renewable energy master. As part of this study, a mobile-based CRS has been developed using web-based technologies that makes the system very easy to use in educational environments. It allows the teacher to interview students using multiple-choice questions, in order to test their understanding of a concept discussed in class, the results of a question are displayed in real time on the mobile of the teacher. This tool has a strategic character because it allows improving the image of our university, pursuing the paths of smart cities. The results of test show the advantages and limitations of this architecture.Â Â
Sales Volume and Sales Space Correlation in a Retail Store
Authors: Lahrache Anass , Benkaraache Taoufik
Published: July 2024

In a retailer chain, the allocated sales space for an article or a range is a decision that needs deep reflection due to the commercial implication. Even though, in most of the cases this decision is made on an empirical base. In this paper, we will study this link by defining its nature, its limits and try to understand the potential impact of changing space on the sales and prove the importance of theoretical approach which remained so far on an experimental levelÂ Â Â
A Hybrid Model to Forecast Financial Time Series Based on Technical Analysis and Support Vector Machines
Authors: Benkerroum Houda , Cherif Walid , Kissi Cherif
Published: July 2024

The aim of this paper is to find functional relations in the behaviour of the USD swaps daily level time series and, in turn, forecast future values of the series through applying a relevant machine learning technique. As our original dataset variables appeared to show strong cross correlation, we decided to use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to process the data before passing it to our machine learning algorithm. Then, we extract some technical indicators from our historical product price time series and use them as inputs to our model. Finally, Support Vector Machines (SVMs) is applied to our processed data set to realise the forecasting, and the resulting time series can be used to generate signals of when to enter or unwind a trade. Analysis of the results demonstrates that it is advantageous to apply SVMs to forecast financial time series, based on the criteria of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and F-measure (F score)Â Â
Analysis of Behaviour Support System for Mass Rapid Transit Underground Station Using Numerical Modelling Method
Authors: Razuhanafi Mat Yazid Muhamad , Fikri Muhammad , Che Mamat Rufaizal , Md. Rahim Syazwan , Mohd Taib Aizat
Published: July 2024

Deep basement construction has always been extensively constructed in urban areas especially in Kuala Lumpur where the area is dense and limited. The design of basement retaining wall and its support system involves careful analysis, design and monitoring system. The focus in this study is to model the actual cases on site by using Finite Element Software Plaxis2D. The site is located in Kenny Hill Formation categorized as a completely decomposed rock and generally has the consistency of a clayey silt soil. This study indicates that the numerical analyses can be constructive tools to predict the behaviour of soil during installation of support systems and excavations. The results obtained from the analysis recorded maximum deflection value of the retaining wall at 32.4 mm which occurred on the left wall at the last stage of construction, whereas the bending moment, shear force and maximum axial force of the retaining wall recorded 5232 kN/m, 1860 kNm and 4155 kN/m respectively. The most critical condition can be seen at the last stage of simulation. At this stage, the safety factor was tested and the value obtained was 2.3 which exceeded the geotechnical global standards.Â Â
Assessment of University Campus Cycling Facilities: the Studentsâ€™ Perceptions
Authors: Khairunisa Zainal Siti , Nazri Borhan Muhamad , Nazrul Hakimi Ibrahim Ahmad , Mohd Iznan Tuan Yaakub Nik , Razuhanafi Mat Yazid Muhamad
Published: July 2024

Cycling can prevent environmental pollution, such as air pollution and noise pollution. The use of motorised mode of transportation in campus will be more exposed to dangers of pollution, such as carbon monoxide. This study aims to measure and identify factors that contribute to students' perceptions and satisfaction levels of cycling facilities. Factors that were studied can further improve the existing facilities. Efficiency and effectiveness can be observed in service quality or facilities provided by relevant parties. This study focuses on male and female students who always cycle in the National University of Malaysia (UKM) and involves the participation of students from Year 1 to Year 4. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed to these students. From the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) factors, such as cycling lane good surface conditions (sidewalk), clean environment and willingness to cycle should be considered because these factors contribute to customer satisfaction.Â Â
Condition Assessment of Fire-Affected RC Slab Via GPR Signal Reflections Analysis and Visual Inspection Method
Authors: F.Senin S. , Azilawati Abu Talaha Nor , Hamid R.
Published: July 2024

This study aims to assess the condition of a fire-damaged building for recommendation of repair works. The Institute of Medical Research (IMR) building, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia was damaged by fire in April 2011.Visual inspection (VI) is the normal assessment method, but for more accurate results, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) signal reflections analysis is employed. The defects analyzed are cracks and delamination of the affected area which was the reinforced concrete (RC) slab at level 3, location where the fire had started. The results obtained using GPR and visual inspection were compared. The area where cracks were detected visually was confirmed by results from the GPR signal reflections analysis but visually, only 28% of the slab area showed delamination defect. When checked with GPR, the area of delamination was actually 56 % of the slab area. Cracks and delamination damage mapping was prepared in order to help facilitate repair works. This result shows that Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) signal reflections analysis had detected delamination in RC slab where normal visual inspection failed to detect.Â Â Â
Effect of Thermally Activated Alum Sludge Ash and Nanoclay on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Mortars
Authors: Ahmad R. , Hamid R. , A. Osman S.
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the effect of thermally activated alum sludge ash (AASA) and nanoclay (NC) inclusion at various proportions on the mechanical properties and microstructure of kenaf fiber (KF) blended cementitious composites (KFRBCC). The first objective is to establish a blended cementitious (BC) composite with high mechanical strength. The BC materials used in this investigation comprises of various proportions of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), AASA and NC. Next, the influence of AASA and NC proportions on the properties of KFRBCC such as density and compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths, and microstructure are studied. The results show that the inclusion of AASA and NC improve the mechanical properties of the cementitious composite compared to all OPC mortar with or without KF. The enhancement in compressive strength is 50%, whereas the enhancement in split tensile and flexural strengths are 5.4% and 15%, respectively at optimum content of AASA and NC of 50 wt. % and 1 wt. %, respectively. The results also reveal that the microstructure of the composites is denser due to filler effect where the uniformly dispersed AASA and NC nano-particles had filled the voids/pores in the matrix compared to control specimens. AASA is proved to be benificial as one of cementitious replacement materials and its applicability as cement replacement in concrete should be explored further.Â Â
Identification of Bacterial Community in Wastewater and Their Kinetic Growth in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: M. Zain S. , A. Naa T. , Suja F. , A. Zahaimi N. , N. Baskharan A.
Published: July 2024

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an alternative energy system comprise of bio-electrochemical reactor with wastewater as raw material and electrochemically active microorganisms as the main biocatalyst that utilize and convert chemical energy within organic matters to electrical energy. Sequence analysis by BLAST indicated that five species existed which were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter aerogenes, Leucobacter luti and Bacillus cereus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter aerogenes are biofilm and exoelectrogens that responsible to generate electricity in the MFC for both aerated or with the addition of ferricyanide. However, Leucobacter luti and Bacillus cereus are also among the suspended growth bacteria that can be found in the MFC reactor. As for the rate of removal of COD, it showed that with aerated cathode, the COD removal rate was 51.30 % while with the addition of ferricyanide in the cathode showed a COD removal rate of 93 %. The highest voltage generated by the additional of ferricyanide was 0.841 V while for the aerated cathode, the highest voltage of 0.589 V has been generated. As for the kinetic growth of the bacteria, specific maximum growth rate, Î¼net of the biomass was 0.003 h-1 and 0.004 h-1 for biofilm in the aerated tank while with the addition of ferricyanide, Î¼net for biomass was 0.002 h-1 and 0.001 h-1 for biofilm. Yield growth, Y for biomass in the aerated tank had the highest growth which was 2.035 g.cell/g.substrate while biofilm only had limited growth of 0.1213 g.cell/g.substrate. As for the addition of ferricyanide, Y for biomass was 1.206 g.cell/g.substrate and 0.3268 g.cell/g.substrate for biofilm.Â Â
Level of Knowledge, Apprehension and Readiness of Food Waste Segregation in the Cafeterias
Authors: S. A. Rahman N. , A. Zahidi S. , M. Zain S. , E. A. Basri N
Published: July 2024

In recent years, increased in food waste generation has affected the environment due to the lack of awareness among consumers. A need for assessment by surveying was performed at UKM Bangi campus to determine the level of knowledge, apprehension, and readiness in food waste segregation aspect in the cafeteria among residents. The survey result will determine whether sustainable cafeteria programme should be implemented to increase awareness.Â  The questionnaire was designed as a tool to collect data from 300 residents in UKM Bangi campus. The collected data was analysed using the Rasch model and Predictive Analytics SoftWare (PASW). Results of the assessment show that most of the residents have more knowledge on hygiene in the cafeteria associated with waste management instead of having concern and willingness to separate food wastes in the cafeteria as a way of managing wastes properly. As a conclusion, sustainable cafeteria programme should be executed to increase the level of readiness and apprehension of residents towards food waste segregation in the cafeteria.Â Â
The Strength Index of Short and Slender Circular Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Columns
Authors: Hana Hasnan Nurul , Hamid Roszilah , Aminah Osman Siti
Published: July 2024

The factors affecting the sectional capacity, also known as strength index (SI) of concrete-filled steel tube columns (CFSTC) are, among others, type of cross-section and slenderness ratio (L/D). This study is to determine the effects of slenderness ratio of short (L/D Â 3.4) and slender (L/D Â 10) circular CFSTC on the SI. Concentric load tests were conducted to determine the ultimate strength (Nue) of ten circular sections of short and slender CFSTC with ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPCC) and pozzolan concrete (PC) infills. The SI are determined using several design codes. Results show that the SI for short CFSTC is higher than the slender for circular section. This is because of the effect of the L/D of short and slender CFSTC circular section. It shows that the composite action between steel tube and core concrete for short is more efficient than slender circular columns. The results also show that similar compressive strength concrete (fcu) infills, either comprises of OPCC or PC do not affect the the SI values. Different design codes provide different concrete confinement safety coefficients thus the difference in the SI values. AISC (LRFD) provides the highest SI for both short and slender CFSTC. Whereas, EC4 and AS5100.6 provide the lowest SI for short and AIJ provides lowest SI for slender circular sections. The lowest calculated values of SI show the most efficient design of composite column.Â Â Â
Development of A Physical Simulation Game in Global Supply Chain Issues
Authors: Hafizah Hamka Farah , Saibani Nizaroyani , Nizam Ab Rahman Mohd , Harun Zambri , Hishamuddin Hawa
Published: July 2024

Development of a physical simulation game is an interactive method that can be used in the theoretical understanding of the global supply chain management, for academicians and also for industry practitioners. In this study, there are three objectives to be achieved, namely to identify the importance of supply chain game in understanding the theory of global supply chain, to develop a supply chain game with physical simulation method and to identify the effectiveness of the game to understand the theory of global supply chain. A physical simulation game then was designed and conducted among a group of university students. To facilitate researchers to obtain information, a questionnaire survey conducted on the participants before and after the game. There are two purposes of this survey, which is carried out to determine the participants' understanding about the theory of global supply chains and to identify the effectiveness of this physical simulation game. Regarding on the survey results, nearly 50% mean average response of the participants increased significantly was recorded. It shows that there is an increase understanding of the students about the given theory throughout this physical simulation game.Â Â
Drivers for the Willingness of Small and Medium Enterprise in Implementing Halal Supply Chain Management
Authors: Azly Muhamed Ariff , Nizam Ab Rahman Mohd , Rosmawati Che Mohd Zain Che
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the role of consumer concern, supplier readiness, and government initiative in determining the willingness of halal SME to deploy halal SCM.Â  The hypotheses were assessed by using mail survey conducted in Malaysia in 2017. The empirical data use 172 data obtained from small and medium enterprise. Reliability and validity of the item is assessed through Cronbach alpha and factor analysis. To test the hypotheses, structural equation modelling by partial least square was adopted. The study finds that consumer concern plays a crucial role in determining the willingness to implement halal SCM. The supplier readiness can play important role in influencing halal SME to implement halal SCM. Finally, this study revealed that the important of government initiatives is significantly influenced halal SME to implement halal SCM in the operational activity. Â Â Â Â
A Framework for Developing Green Coordinated Decision Model In Supply Chain
Authors: Achmad Chairdino Leuveano Raden , Nizam Ab Rahman Mohd , Md Deros Baba , Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood Wan
Published: July 2024

In the supply chain (SC), cost reduction always becomes the main aspect for the success of the competitive market. Minimizing costs in SC can be obtained through various methods. One of the methods is to coordinate decisions among members in SC. In the recent competitive, cost reduction is not only the main objective but also carbon emission reduction has become serious problems in SC. To achieve that, coordination in SC should cover both performances to achieve green SC. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework for developing a green coordinated decision model (GCDM) under costs and carbon emissions consideration. The model considers the decision-making process for solving inventory replenishment problem in SC to solve the economic and environmental problem. The developed framework is based on reviewing the past literature on the SC decision model. There are four major steps of the proposed framework: 1) defining actors and operations involved in supply chain, 2) defining parameters, variables, and performance of the model, 3) defining the modeling process, and 4) verification and validation of the model. This framework contributes to the knowledge where the modeler can provide an insight in generating an accurate decision model and its solution to improve the environmental performance.Â Â Â
Visual Object Categorization based on Gabor Filter Generalization Via K-Means Clustering
Authors: Ayad Hayder , Norul Huda Sheikh Abdullah Siti , Abdullah Azizi
Published: July 2024

Content based object recognition systems need informative image properties to obtain good performance results. Filter bank such as Gabor filters is believed to be one of the most popular methods for complete characterization of images by having some important properties such as selectivity to orientation, scale, frequency and smooth parameters. Furthermore, such properties are very effective for compact image description and analysis. However, these functions show a strong dependence on a certain number of different parameter values. Hence, the different filter parameters values used to construct the functions may give different filter responds or properties. Besides, the large number of these filters leads to expensive computation to create maps for feature extraction, thus it is necessary to reduce the number of candidates and identify subset of effective and discriminative filters to avoid overfitting and hinder generalization performance. In this paper, we first compute Gabor filters using a set of different values for filter parameters. After that, the k-means clustering algorithm is used to group these filter responds into k different clusters. Next the k different clusters are used to convolve images and the edge histogram then apply to the filter outputs for image description. After that, we combine all outputs of image descriptors using SVMs. Experiment results on 20 and 101 classes of the Caltect-101 object database show that the method significantly outperforms using the standard Gabor filter approach.Â
A Single Notch Semi-Circle UWB Antenna with Partial Ground Plane
Authors: Z. Mahmud M. , Samsuzzaman M. , Misran N. , Ansarudin F. , T. Islam M. , A. Nasser A. , Amin N.
Published: July 2024

This work presents an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with single notch band characteristics. The proposed antenna is composed on a simple, low loss and compact planar commercially available Rogers RT/Duroid 5870 substrate. The antenna is designed with a modified semi-circular radiating patch on one side and modified partial ground plane on the other side of double layer substrate. The semicircular patch is modified by etching a circular slot which assist to achieve the stop band at 4 GHz C band frequency range. The ground structure and the substrate materials are optimized to achieve desired performance of proposed antenna prototype. The proposed antenna prototype is designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results display that the prototyped antenna has achieved impedance bandwidths of 13.5 GHz (1.5 to 15 GHz) with a single frequency band-stop performance of 3.58 â€“ 4.92 GHz. The optimized antenna offers higher gain, almost stable radiation patterns and adequate radiation efï¬ciency over the operating bandwidth.Â Â
Simulation of Bacterial Cellulose by Acetobacter Xylinum 0416 Using Superpro DesignerÂ®
Authors: Syafiqah Kamarudin Nur , Abdul Rahman Norliza , Sahaid Kalil Mohd. , Kartom Kamarudin Siti
Published: July 2024

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a non-toxic biopolymer that is used as a raw material in food, textile and medical industries. The production cost of BC comprises the price of labor, raw materials, taxes and manufacturing supplies. In BC manufacturing, the fermentation media culture comprises between 50-65% from the total production rate. To reduce the production cost, other types of fermentation media culture should be studied, and mature coconut water is chosen in this research. Mature coconut water is considered as waste and it is estimated to be discarded 5.3 m3/day mainly in the coconut processing industry. In this research study, mature coconut water is used as a Â Â Â Â Â Â fermentation medium because it helps to reduce the price, easy to handle and found easily in the country. The optimization study was used in order to produce BC in large amount with a minimum fee. To conduct the optimization study, the pH of mature coconut water was adjusted to pH 4, 5 and 6 by using acetic acid (CH3COOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with incubation temperature of 32Â°C. The result indicates pH 4 produces the highest harvested BC with 2.277g dry weight. By using this result, pH 4 was chosen to be used as a media in the fermentation process. For industrial purposes, BC production must be carried out in the industrial scale. Before real industrial scale is conducted, process simulation should be done to simulate several processes and produce the desired end product at low cost, low energy and good product specifications. The simulation software named as SuperproDesignerÂ® was used to select the unit operation of a plant, to observe the total BC production and also the cost of BC production. This simulation was used to run three selected process alternatives named as alternative 1(Design by Prades et al.); 2 (Design by Norliza et al.) and 3(Design by Kerala Institute). After conducted the simulation, alternative 2 shown the cheapest BC production which is Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â RM 170/kilogram compared to alternative 1 and 3.Â Â
Prognostic Factors of Long-term Survival among Rheumatic Heart Disease using Standard versus Cox Proportional Hazard Mixture Cure Model
Authors: Idham Abu Hasan Nurhasniza , Azura Md.Ghani Nor , Asri Mohd Ghani Khairul , Izan Mohd Ghani Khairul , Abu Hasan Nurhasnira
Published: July 2024

The mixture cure model brings a great interest among researchers to the analyses survival data in the presence of cured. This study highlighted the importance of cured to be considered when the study population consists of two different type of groups. Â In such situations, the appropriate model is warranted. In this work, the standard Cox Proportional Hazard (PH) model and Cox PH mixture cure model were employed in order to highlight the difference and the usefulness of the mixture cure model over standard model. The Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) dataset could be applied for this purpose. Resultsâ€”The cured fraction was estimated to be 93.7%. The cure analysis shows the effect of Coronary Pulmonary Bypass (P-value=0.015), Mitral procedure (P-value=0.067) and Age (P-value=0.035) were significantly associated with cured among the RHD patients. Â Meanwhile, the length of hospital stay (P-value=0.055) and older age (P-value=0.063) were significantly associated with uncured patients. However, the standard Cox PH model do not allow to discriminate the effects of prognostic factors between these two different patients. The results reveled that HPT (P-value<0.030), emergency Intra Operative status (P-value=0.001), Mitral valve procedures (P-value=0.031), CPB (P-value=0.000), HOSP (<6 days groups) (P-value=0.020) and Redo Post-Operative status (P-value=0.002) were identified as factors associated with the time to death among patients. Conclusionâ€” The results exhibited the advantages of mixture cure model over standard survival model when the cured present in the data.Â Â
A Comparative Study between Phase Disposition PWM(PDPWM) and Phase Opposition Disposition (PODPWM) for Cascade H-Bridge, Flying Capacitor and Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Voltage Source Inverters (MVSIs)
Authors: Fasdi Nik Ismail Nik , Johari Dalina , Aminuddin Norzaina , Hashim Norazlan
Published: July 2024

In this paper a comparative study between two types of switching PWM signals namely Phase Disposition PWM (PDPWM) and Phase Opposition Disposition PWM (PODPWM) for three types of Multilevel Voltage Source Inverter (MVSI) are conducted. The selected MVSI topologies are cascaded H-bridge, flying capacitor and neutral point clamped MVSI. In general, the THD of the output voltage and current can be improved as the levels of MVSI inverters are increased. However, as the levels of outputs are increased the numbers of circuit components are also increased.Â  As a result, this will increase the circuit complexity for the MVSI to be operated at high levels.Â  From the study, it can be found that cascaded H-bridge inverter required the lowest number of circuit components and has better THD compared to the other two topologies of MVSI for the similar output voltage and current levels. Moreover, the proper selection of PWM control strategy technique between PDPWM and PODPWM for MVSI is also able to reduce the THD in the output waveform.Â  The circuit simulations for the MVSIs are simulated with MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation software.Â Â
Low Temperature Fabrication of Flower-Like Rutile Phased Tio2 Film towards Methyl Orange Degradation
Authors: K. A. Hamed N. , K Ahmad M. , H. Mazlan M. , H.H. Hairom N. , Nafarizal N. , F. Soon C. , Sanudin R. , S. Aziz H. , H. Mamat M. , B. Suriani A. , Shimomura M. , Murakami K.
Published: July 2024

Pure rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film was fabricated at a low temperature of 150oC by using a simple, one step hydrothermal method. TiO2 thin film was developed on Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) by using titanium butoxide (TBOT) as a precursor, hydrochloric acid (HCl) and deionized (DI) water. The assembly of flower-like rutile phased TiO2 could be controlled by simply changing the amount of precursors. The prepared samples were characterized by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction and Energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Most importantly, this pure rutile TiO2 thin film showed a great significance compared to commercial TiO2 Degussa P25 on degradation of methyl orange under UV light. The degradation of rutile TiO2 thin film was up to 65.6 % while P25 thin film was only 8.07 %. From the experiments, it was found that the rutile phased TiO2 has the higher photocatalytic activity in lower MO concentration and favorable in acidic environment. The enhanced activity might be accredited to the efficient separation of electron-hole pairs and high surface area produced by flower-like rutile phased TiO2.Â
Assessment of Flood Risk Analysis in Selangor
Authors: Md Lazam Norazliani , Nazatul Shima Syed Mohamed Shahruddin Sharifah , Haris Baharrudin Muhammad , Md Jani Hanisah , Farahin Azhari Azyan , Farisya Farhani Khairul Nizam Nur
Published: July 2024

Flood events occur every year especially during the monsoon season. Although its consequences are not as disastrous as other natural disasters such as earthquakes and tornado storm, but it still gives off a great deal of destruction towards social, operational and financial sectors. Recently, most of the events occurred are not happened at the common marked areas and seasons. It happened anywhere and anytime. Hence, it is not surprise that at any time, any place could be affected by flood incidents. Therefore, an analysis on flood incident is crucial in mitigating the flood risk and at the same developing the flood safety measures. This study aims to analyse the flood frequency and flood magnitude of all nine districts in Selangor. Data is gathered from the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) Selangor, from 2008 to 2017. Petaling Jaya posted the highest number of flood cases at 249 cases out of 1,161 cases in Selangor throughout the period of 2008 to 2017. Poisson distribution was used to estimate the probability of flood occurrence, and the results show that Petaling Jaya has recorded the highest probability of flood occurrence with at least one event in a day. For severity analysis, Gumbel distribution was used to estimate the magnitude of flood occurrence and flood frequency through the evaluation of flood risk from the annual maximum number of rainfall data. Results indicate that Sabak Bernam recorded the biggest magnitude of severity with moderate flood as compared to other districts. It is also estimated that Sabak Bernam has the biggest magnitude of flood recurring as early as two years return period. To conclude, authorities must work vigorously towards an efficient flood risk management and effective flood safety measures. The establishments of flood forecasting and warning system are crucial in minimising the flood losses.Â
Analysis Review on Image Compression Domain
Authors: Din Roshidi , Jabbar Qasim Alaa , Abdullah Shapina , Jamel Elias Shamsul
Published: July 2024

This paper describes the types of pressure used to decrease the volume of data in lower media. This study is analyzed and categorized according to the two main types of study: Lossy Compression and Lossless compression. Each type has been studied through a number of transactions that determine the efficiency of compression files. The advantages and disadvantages for each type, which emerged from previous researches will also be discussed.Â
A Composite Web Design Structure for Online Tennis Court Payment System
Authors: Kassim Murizah , Syazwani Mohd Pakhrudin Nor , Husna Awang Aziati , Ku Haroswati Che Ku Yahaya Cik , Yaâ€™acob Norsuzila
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the development of composite web design structure for online booking tennis court system. Problems identified that IR 4.0 for sports facilities is needed where less of sports owner implemented to facilitated effective management. Customer navigation has been a challenge to design well-structured websites to manage their facilities. The different understanding of the web developer and the user is considerably different that caused for poor website design.Â  The objective for this research is to provide a simple online reservation system for a tennis court where customers are easy to access to the tennis court facilities. Analysis of the customer satisfaction is retrieved based on the designed system. The system was designed with functions that follow specific requirement, including userâ€™s registration and login, online booking, online payment, QR code, composite web design structure and database construction. The system was developed using CMS (Content Management System) with Joomla applications and XAMPP web software. XAMPP is free open source added with a combination of Apache, PHP and MySQL. The Google spreadsheet was used to create QR code. Informational databases like time booking, court available and online payment are designed. Data collection on the web page on the running composite webpage has been analyzed and results on rates of the portal, the player's booked, time booking, customers by ages and genders, Indoor and Outdoor booking are presented. Data shows an increase in booking daily from 7 am to 10 pm compared to last year based on the easy booking system with a composite web design structure of online payment prototype system that has been developed. This research presents an impact on IR 4.0 development towards managing sports facilities with recent trends and human health activities.Â Â
Wood Polymer Composites Optimizer with Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Yusoff Marina , Farah Syazwani Sehat Nur
Published: July 2024

Wood polymer composites, or natural fiber composites are basically made up from a combination of plastic and wood flour. Usually, its quality is measured and depended on the mechanical properties that were used as composite materials for product development. Hence, a lot of laboratory experiments were conducted in factories for testing the durability of this product. However, there is still a lack of the solution for an automated system to formulate the wood polymer composite composition efficiently. This paper addresses the use of a genetic algorithm in finding an optimal composition for each of the properties used in producing a better-quality product. A new solution representation to map the composite composition is pro-posed. Different parameters were employed in the computational experiments with the aim to find the best fitness value for the composition. The stochastic behavior that was embedded in genetic algorithm has demonstrated diverse solutions with regards to the search exploration and exploitation capability towards the feasible solutions and convergence. The findings demonstrate a great potential ability of genetic algorithm in finding good accuracy for other wood polymer composites such as tropical timber as wood polymer materials.Â  It is expected to reduce cost and time as compared to traditional laboratory way.Â Â
Earthquake Sensor Microcontroller Using Mma7361 Accelerometer
Authors: . Laumal , E. Folkes
Published: July 2024

Vibrations propagate to the surface of the earth in two stages. The first stage is called the Primary wave-shaped longitudinal and the second stage is secondary wave, sinusoidal and destructive. The second wave did not come together so that there is a certain amount of time intervals. This time interval can be utilized to provide early warning from earthquake sensors microcontrollers. As registrar, earthquake seismograph always inform the level of earthquake damage in form of scales, but did not provide early warning. While the microcontroller and sensor technology developed and were able to catch the tremor.This study aims to build earthquake microcontroller sensors to capture the primary seismic vibrations quickly. The study focused on the sensor design, calibration and data transmission, while the primary wave simulation given experimentally by treatment of vibration on the sensor that is connected to computer and displays the initial vibration data on computer. The results showed that interconnection MMA7361 accelerometer, EM411 GPS, ATmega328 on Arduino and data processing protocols have produced seismic sensor that captures digital data and data shakes position quickly. In the absence of vibration, the sensor does not provide the data and when vibration, there is transmitting data to computer database.Â Â
Numerical Simulation of Vehicles Queue Induced by Traffic Light Signals Based on Macroscopic Approach
Authors: Tarwidi Dede , Budi Setiawan Erwin , Febrian Umbara Rian
Published: July 2024

A disproportionate adjustment of traffic light signals on crowded intersections has become one of the cause of a traffic congestion in big cities. To control traffic congestion in a signalized intersection, it is required a prediction of vehicles queue length induced by traffic light signals every time. In this paper, numerical simulation of vehicles queue in three roads which is connected by an intersection is presented. The Lighthillâ€“Whithamâ€“Richards (LWR) model which is considered as macroscopic model is used to describe traffic density at the single road. Godunov method is adopted to obtain numerical solution of LWR model. The numerical results of vehicles queue length are then compared by observational data at a signalized intersection in Bandung city. The LWR model can predict the vehicles queue length with the accuracy is approximately 85.33%.Â
Comparison of Forwarding Mechanism Between IPv4 and Named Data Networking (NDN) Case Study: Network Congestion
Authors: Brada Sentosa Renaldy , Wisaksono Sudiharto Dodi , Herutomo Anton
Published: July 2024

A routing mechanism which is used by Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is stateful and adaptive. It updates and chooses the best candidate of several routes based on its routing table information. Nonetheless, its forwarding mechanism is stateless, because it just forwards packets to routerâ€™s neighborhood based on information in its routing table called as Routing Information Base (RIB). Indeed, if there is a network congestion, and the RIB is still not update, its forwarding mechanism cannot find an alternate link. There is a different mechanism, namely Named Data Networking (NDN). It is a content-oriented network architecture. Packets which are sent only bring Name of data exchanged and do not include their IP addresses. A consumer is going to request in the form of Interest packets to a nearest node. The neighborhood router can manage several Interest packets if their status are still pending. This status management is part of NDN forwarding mechanism and provides an advantage which NDN based router can measure performance of multiple paths and also can use alternative ones if there is a network congestion, although its RIB has still not been updated. This mechanism can be achieved by comparing an arrival time of Interest packet with an arrival time of Data packet (Satisfied Interest). Yet, the change from IP network architecture into NDN network architecture requires substantial requirements. Upgrading hardware and software can be very expensive, but it is not necessarily provides a clear advantage. Surely, it is too risky. To reduce that risk, simulations are created to compare a performance of both network architectures. This research describes how NDN forwarding mechanism can find alternate paths and also uses a multipath forwarding mechanism when a network congestion happened compared with IP based forwarding mechanism. This research is based on network simulations and gives an explanation that NDN network architecture, especially its forwarding mechanism gives more advantages than the other one.Â Â
Prototype Design of Client Server-Based Software to Control Client Computer in Computer Laboratories
Authors: Hernawati Elis , Gunawan Tedi , Hermansyah Suryadi Aris
Published: July 2024

In the practicum activities in the laboratories of School of Applied Science, Telkom University, the computer server is used by lecturers and the client computers are used by the students. When lecturers are teaching, the students often do not pay attention to the lecturers. The students operate the computers to play game, to access Facebook, or to do other activities that have nothing to do with the learning process. This paper describes the process of prototype design of client server-based software to control the client computers on the Local Area Network in the computer laboratory, so that the lecturers can control the activities of client computers used by the students. This software is designed to control the mouse, keyboard, and monitor screen of the client computers from the computer server. The method used to build the prototype of this software is the prototyping model. Meanwhile, the programming language used is Visual Basic. The results of this study are used to help programmers in building software to control clients in the computer laboratories, so that the software can help lecturers in the laboratory in monitoring the client computer used by students.Â