bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Layanan Konseling Krisis: Mengatasi Masalah Traumatik Siswa Yang Menjadi Korban Bullying
Authors: Yurianto Ardini Farzana
Published: May 2024

Kasus bullying tidak dapat dianggap sebagai permasalahan yang sepele. Masih banyak kasus bullying yang terjadi pada siswa di Indonesia. Kejadian-kejadian bullying tersebut dapat menimbulkan kondisi krisis pada siswa. Adanya layanan bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah dapat memudahkan siswa untuk mengatasi atau melewati kondisi krisis tersebut. Oleh karena itu penulis tertarik untuk mengkaji layanan konseling krisis untuk membantu siswa yang menjadi korban bullying. Metode yang digunakan yaitu berupa kajian literatur. Dimana penulis mengkaji data-data yang ditemukan dari karya penulis lain. Konseling krisis merupakan sebuah pendekatan dalam memberikan bantuan oleh seorang profesional terhadap individu yang mengalami kondisi krisis dalam dirinya. Terdapat berbagai variasi pendekatan dapat digunakan dalam pelaksanaan konseling krisis dapat misalnya  pendekatan realita, pendekatan perilaku (behavioral), pendekatan SFBC, pendekatan person centered, pendekatan kognitif, dan sebagainya. Konseling krisis juga memiliki beberapa tahapan yaitu tahap awal, tahap transisi, tahap kerja, dan tahap terminasi. Penerapan konseling krisis tersebut sangat bermanfaat bagi siswa, dimana siswa berhasil melewati kondisi krisisnya sehingga tidak menimbulkan trauma yang mendalam.   
 
Kata Kunci: Konseling Krisis, Siswa, Bullying, Traumatik
Pengembangan Media Narco Card Dengan Metode Make A Match Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Tentang Bahaya Narkotika Bagi Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Azizah Asma Nur , Mamesah Michiko
Published: May 2024

Penyalahgunaan narkoba di kalangan remaja tahun 2018 semakin meningkat sebesar 24 hingga 28 persen. Penyalahgunaan narkotika pada remaja penting sekali untuk diperhatikan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu memberikan layanan preventif di sekolah. Metode make-a-match (mencari pasangan) merupakan salah satu metode pembelajaran yang menggunakan kartu sebagai media. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media kartu yang dapat membantu meningkatkan pemahaman siswa sekolah menengah atas tentang bahaya penyalahgunaan narkotika. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan metode Research and Development dengan menggunakan model ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implement, Evaluation) yang dibatasi sampai tahap pengembangan. Alat pengumpul data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner dan wawancara. Penilaian media dilakukan oleh validator yang terdiri dari ahli media, ahli materi, guru BK, dan peserta didik. Hasil penilaian ahli media mencapai 85% dan ahli materi 72%. Kemudian, hasil uji pengguna pada guru BK mencapai 82%, uji coba pengguna pada peserta didik 89%, dan hasil uji kinerja peserta didik mencapai 89%. Hasil keseluruhan dari pengembangan media Narco Card sebagai media untuk pemberian informasi narkotika dikategorikan sangat layak.
Aplikasi Layanan Bimbingan Dan Konseling Berbasis Android Untuk Pengembangan Karir Siswa
Authors: Sintya Gina , Sintya Gina
Published: May 2024

Bimbingan karir merupakan bagian dari Bimbingan dan Konseling (BK) untuk membantu siswa memenuhi tahap perkembangannya. Keterbatasan waktu dan ketidakseimbangan rasio guru BK dan siswa menjadi hambatan sehingga tidak terlaksananya bimbingan karir secara efektif di sekolah. Aplikasi BK menjadi solusi untuk permasalahan tersebut. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari penelitian kepustakaan. Aplikasi yang ditinjau adalah Halo BK yang dikembangkan oleh SMA Negeri 9 Pekanbaru. Aplikasi ini memiliki fitur yang mampu meningkatkan kematangan karir siswa yaitu ruang konsultasi, rasionalisasi nilai rapor, dan perencanaan karir. Kelebihan dari aplikasi e-career ini antara lain efisien dan efektif, mampu memunculkan potensi siswa, tidak terbatas ruang dan waktu, serta menyediakan layanan secara online dan offine. Kekurangan aplikasi ini antara lain tidak adanya informasai mengenai dunia kerja dan Perguruan Tinggi Swasta, tidak melibatkan orang tua dalam perencanaan karir,  dan kemungkinan keterlambatan balasan konsultasi. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapatkan, harapannya peneliti selanjutnya akan melanjutkan untuk terus berinovasi dan mengembangkan aplikasi e-career yang dapat mengatasi kelemahan e-career sebelumnya serta dapat didistribusikan secara merata ke sekolah-sekolah di Indonesia.
Pengembangan Buku Berjendela Pengenalan Karier Sebagai Media Bimbingan Kelompok Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Wirda Hanim  , Happy Karlina Marjo  , Siti Lailatul Fadilah
Published: May 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan wawasan kepada peserta didik mengenai pengenalan karier terkait ragam profesi atau jenis – jenis pekerjaan yang dapat berguna bagi masa depan mereka salah satunya dengan media buku berjendela. Rata – rata pengetahuan peserta didik mencapai 58.33 % artinya pengetahuan rata – rata rendah akan ragam pekerjaan atau jenis – jenis pekerjaan. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampel jenuh atau total. Sampel penelitian adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas 4 yang berjumlah 10 orang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian berbasis desain (design-based research). Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen rancangan pengetahuan ragam pekerjaan di Sekolah Dasar (SD), angket, dan wawancara. Penelitian ini sampai tahap evaluasi uji ahli materi dan media.  Hasil uji ahli materi mendapatkan skor dengan persentase 75 % (layak) dan uji ahli media mendapatkan skor dengan persentase 81,81% (sangat layak). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa buku ini sangat baik digunakan dalam proses layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling (BK) khususnya layanan bimbingan kelompok untuk pengenalan karier di Sekolah Dasar (SD) Sekolah Alam Matoa namun masih perlu diperbaiki terkait dengan perlunya mencantumkan pekerjaan pada masa revolusi industri atau pemanfaatan bisnis digital dan gambaran penghasilan dari sebuah profesi/ pekerjaan.  Peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan untuk mneruskan penelitian sampai tahap tahap refleksi dengan uji coba terhadap peserta didik
Gambaran Tingkat Mindful Self-Care Mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Jakarta yang Sedang Menyusun Skripsi
Authors: Zahra Anisa , Fitriyani Hilma
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji gambaran tingkat mindful self-care (perawatan diri penuh perhatian) pada mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Jakarta yang sedang menyusun skripsi, mengingat masa penyusunan skripsi adalah masa dengan dengan kerentanan akan kesehatan fisik, mental, dan emosional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Subjek berjumlah 392 mahasiswa yang mengambil mata kuliah skripsi. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah convenience sampling, dengan alat pengumpul data Mindful Self-Care Scale (MSCS). Hasil uji validitas menunjukkan terdapat 4 pernyataan yang tidak valid, namun tetap digunakan dengan kalimat yang telah diformulasikan kembali. Hasil uji reliabilitas menunjukkan instrumen MSCS reliabel dengan skor Cronbach’s Alpha 0.909. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat mindful self-care mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Jakarta yang sedang menyusun skripsi berada pada kategori tinggi dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 3.8 dari 5, yang berarti rata-rata responden melakukan mindful self-care kurang lebih 3-4 hari dalam satu minggu. Aspek yang memiliki skor rata-rata paling tinggi adalah Mindful Awareness, yaitu mahasiswa menyadari dan menerima mengenai pikiran dan perasaannya; dan melibatkan pikiran dan perasaannya sebelum bertindak, dan paling rendah adalah Physical Care, yaitu mahasiswa tidak berolahraga setidaknya 30 - 60 menit perhari; tidak melakukan olahraga yang terjadwal; memilih kegiatan yang lebih santai dibanding berolahraga; dan tidak menjadwalkan olahraga setiap hari. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, laki-laki memiliki skor rata-rata yang sedikit lebih tinggi yaitu sebesar 3.84, sementara perempuan memiliki skor rata-rata sebesar 3.78. Dari 8 fakultas yang dilibatkan dalam penelitian, Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan mendapat skor tertinggi, sementara Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan mendapat skor terendah. Penjelasan dapat dibaca lebih jauh dalam pembahasan hasil penelitian.
A Research on the Practice of High School English Teaching Based on the Concept of Stereoscopic Classroom Model
Authors: Zihan Li , Jingyi Wang , Zhongwei Zhou , Kexin An , Juan Wang
Published: May 2024

With the continuous progress of society and the continuous reform of the education system, the high school English teaching standards have been raised to new heights. To address these challenges, implementing a stereoscopic classroom model has become a key strategy. This model helps to significantly improve classroom teaching effectiveness and can greatly arouse students' learning enthusiasm, thereby effectively enhancing their practical English application skills. To adapt to the new curriculum standards, comprehensive reform of teaching modes and methods is needed in high school English teaching. The current teaching practice requires strict adherence to the new curriculum standards to ensure the effectiveness and effectiveness of the new curriculum reform. Therefore, high school English teaching should attach importance to the importance of the new curriculum reform, establish a continuous teaching reform mechanism, and fully promote the new curriculum reform to meet teaching needs, improve teaching outcomes, promote the rapid development of high school English teaching, and achieve positive teaching results.
CAMERAL MEMBRANES IN THE PHRAGMOCONES OF JURASSIC AMMONITES
Authors: MIRONENKO ALEKSANDR A. , SMUROVA IRINA A.
Published: May 2024

A complex system of three-dimensional cameral membranes is known from the phragmocones of several ammonoid genera—both Paleozoic and Mesozoic. The origin and functions of these membranes remain mysterious, and their study is complicated by the absence of identical structures in modern cephalopods. Current hypotheses about the origin of cameral membranes and other organic structures of the phragmocone are mainly based on the study of Paleozoic, Triassic, and Cretaceous ammonoids. This paper examines the membranes of Subboreal Jurassic ammonites. The spatial arrangement and complexity of these membranes differ from those described earlier. It was previously assumed that three-dimensional membranes only appeared late in ammonoid ontogeny, at the end of the neanic stage. However, in the ammonites studied herein, such membranes are present starting from the second phragmocone chamber. In addition to membranes, we report other initially organic phragmocone structures of Jurassic ammonites: pseudosutures and drag lines. The discovery of a unique structure in the last phragmocone chamber of one specimen, which likely represents a fossilized set of pseudosepta, has led to a new hypothesis, that can explain the formation of all types of membranes and other initially organic phragmocone structures. According to this idea, all types of cameral sheets despite their different shapes, were formed during merging and subsequent dehydration of organic pseudosepta. Pseudosutures and drag lines are imprints of the pseudosepta margins.
A Combined Neural Network Forecasting Approach for CO2-Enhanced Shale Gas Recovery
Authors: Xue Zhenqian , Zhang Yuming , Ma Haoming , Lu Yang , Zhang Kai , Wei Yizheng , Yang Sheng , Wang Muming , Chai Maojie , Sun Zhe , Deng Peng , Chen Zhangxin
Published: May 2024

Intensive growth of geological carbon sequestration has motivated the energy sector to diversify its storage portfolios, given the background of climate change mitigation. As an abundant unconventional reserve, shale gas reservoirs play a critical role in providing sufficient energy supply and geological carbon storage potentials. However, the low recovery factors of the primary recovery stage are a major concern during reservoir operations. Although injecting CO2 can resolve the dual challenges of improving the recovery factors and storing CO2 permanently, forecasting the reservoir performance heavily relies on reservoir simulation, which is a time-consuming process. In recent years, pioneered studies demonstrated that using machine learning (ML) algorithms can make predictions in an accurate and timely manner but fails to capture the time-series and spatial features of operational realities. In this work, we carried out a novel combinational framework including the artificial neural network (ANN, i.e., multilayer perceptron or MLP) and long short-term memory (LSTM) or bi-directional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) algorithms, tackling the challenges mentioned before. In addition, the deployment of ML algorithms in the petroleum industry is insufficient because of the field data shortage. Here, we also demonstrated an approach for synthesizing field-specific data sets using a numerical method. The findings of this work can be articulated from three perspectives. First, the cumulative gas recovery factor can be improved by 6% according to the base reservoir model with input features of the Barnett shale, whereas the CO2 retention factor sharply declined to 40% after the CO2 breakthrough. Second, using combined ANN and LSTM (ANN-LSTM)/Bi-LSTM is a feasible alternative to reservoir simulation that can be around 120 times faster than the numerical approach. By comparing an evaluation matrix of algorithms, we observed that trade-offs exist between computational time and accuracy in selecting different algorithms. This work provides fundamental support to the shale gas industry in developing comparable ML-based tools to replace traditional numerical simulation in a timely manner.
Advancement in Casing Leak Repairs and Scab-Off to Restore Well Integrity Through Data Management Techniques
Authors: Ghaffar Ahmed , Alenizi Fayez R.
Published: May 2024

This paper addresses the data management techniques used to identify the optimum casing leak repair methods in Field-A for different leak intensities and scab-off strategies to isolate the leak intervals and restore well integrity. Casing leaks are one of the major well integrity failures which require well intervention to repair and restore production. There are several factors associated to develop a casing leak which include internal wear due to subsequent drilling after setting the casing, exposure to severely corrosive environments specially across poorly cemented intervals, casing metallurgy and design, cementing practices and in some cases due to casing threads damage.

Casing leaks are categorized based on the leak intensity, which is measured by the injectivity rate when casing is pressure tested. For this paper, data evaluation techniques were utilized to evaluate different repair methods in the categories of low and high injectivity leaks. The optimum setting depth of cement retainers above the leak zone is also discussed for different casing sizes along with the recommended cement volume to over displace below the cement retainers, and to re-utilize them for subsequent squeeze attempts in case lockup squeeze pressure is not achieved in the first attempt. Comparative analysis of cement versus solids free resins to squeeze low injectivity leaks are also discussed in this paper.

The accumulation of comprehensive historical casing leak repair data and arrangement of this data to evaluate the outcome in a quantitative manner results in identifying the best methods and procedures to cure casing leaks in different downhole environments. This data management technique will further optimize the repair operation with the inclusion of additional casing leaks data, and will optimize the time and cost spent in repairing the casing leaks and scabbing-off.
Study on the Mechanism and Regulation Method of Longitudinal Penetration of Hydraulic Fractures in Multilayered Shale
Authors: Li Jianbin , Luo Zhifeng , Zhang Nanlin , Zeng Xiuquan , Jia Yucheng
Published: May 2024

Shale reservoirs have longitudinally developed multilayered weak surfaces. The strong geological discontinuity and the stress heterogeneity caused by it lead to the complicated morphology of hydraulic fracture propagation, and the longitudinal propagation mechanism of the hydraulic fracture is still unclear. The extended finite element 3D numerical model of the single-cluster fracture and multicluster fracture extension has been established. The effects of vertical stress difference, bonding strength of bedding plane, fracturing fluid displacement, fracturing fluid viscosity, and cluster spacing on fracture propagation morphology are analyzed by numerical examples. The results show that as the vertical stress difference and the bonding strength of the bedding plane increase, the bedding plane becomes more difficult to activate, and the fractures are more likely to realize the longitudinal penetration. As the cluster spacing decreases, the interfracture interference becomes stronger, and the hydraulic fractures are more likely to activate the bedding plane and form the orthogonal network fracture. At a high injection rate, the fracture passes easily through the layer and activates the bedding plane. Low-viscosity fracturing fluid is conducive to the activation of the bedding plane, and high-viscosity fracturing fluid can better achieve fracture penetration. Based on the research results, the fracturing parameters of Well X-1 are optimized, and the fracture monitoring results are in good agreement with the design objectives. This study reveals the longitudinal penetration mechanism of multilayered shale hydraulic fractures and provides a reference for the optimization of hydraulic fracturing parameters of multilayered shale.
Analyses on Stored Pollen in Melipona Scutellaris and Tetragonisca Angustula Nests Shows Different Pollen Spectra.
Authors: Simões-Vieira Rubem Cláudio , Maia Artur Campo Dalia , Carvalho Airton Torres
Published: May 2024

Stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) are the most diverse group of social bees, widely distributed in tropical regions. Beekeeping of Meliponini, meliponiculture, hold significant ecological and economic importance. In meliponaries, multiple species often share small foraging areas, a phenomenon less common in natural environments. Due to deforestation, Meliponini bees face a decreasing availability of natural nesting sites, frequently built in hollow spaces in tree trunks. Thus, meliponaries provide essential nesting structures for these bees. In this study, we investigated whether two distinct stingless bee species - Melipona (Michmelia) scutellaris Latreille, 1811; and Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, 1811) - share pollen resources when reared in close proximity in a place with high density of nests, which could lead to competition. Our findings indicate that these bee species utilize different pollen sources. Their daily activity periods outside the nest differ, resulting in varying responses to fluctuations in temperature and air humidity. Results suggest that competition for pollen resources may not be a significant factor between the two bee species in such situations.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Two-Phase Sub-Cooled Heat-Pipe at Different Regimes
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed , Ali Ahmed Abd El Badie Ibrahim , Mansour Mohamed salah , Abdel-Raouf Moataz Mohamed , Eid Mohamed Ashraf
Published: May 2024

A new sub-cooled two-phase thermosyphon or heat-pipe devices are important for enhancing heat transfer. The properties are examined using theoretical modeling and experimental measurements of the sub-cooled heat loop during the heating-up, steady-state, and cooling-down phases. Experimentally, the sub-cooled heat-pipe's heating rate effective, cooling rate, and evaporator length are evaluated in heating-up, steady-state, and cooling-down modes. The dynamic model of the sub-cooled heat-pipe in the current practical investigation is important for several applications of irregular operation. This research seeks to create a theoretical framework, which accurately represents the double-tube evaporator's dynamic properties. This will be achieved by examining several transient parameters throughout the warm-up, stable condition, and cool-down phases of operation. The model effectively reproduces the phase and thermal properties of a closed, sub-cooled heat-pipe containing two phases. The experimental results of our practical setup based on the thermal evaporator wall and the working fluid show simple exponential behavior. The results from the experimental measurements and the theoretical model demonstrate their mutual accord.
Brazing of surface modified C/C composites to Ni-based superalloy for high temperature applications
Authors: Shen Yuanxun , Li Yunyue , Sheng Lanbing , Liang Yiming , Hao Chuanyong , She Chun
Published: May 2024

In this paper, brazing of high reliability C/C composites-metal joint for high temperature application was studied. The surface of C/C composites was modified by Cr metallization process and then brazed to Ni-based superalloy by AgPd braze. Alumina block was used as interlayer and a zig-zag interfacial structure was constructed at the composites/braze interface. The results show that, after the metallization process, a strong adhesion reaction layer consisting of Cr carbides was coated on the C/C surface which in turn obviously improved the wettability of braze. The molted braze filled completely into the laser machined holes in C/C substate and well-bonded interfaces and homogeneous Ag(Pd) solution microstructure was obtained in the joint. The strength of joint with C/C metallized at 1100℃ is higher than that of joint with 1300℃. The joints exhibit very high bending strength up to 82 MPa and shear strength up to 54 MPa, respectively. The braze spikes increase the connection area and provide strong pinning effect.
Classical Solutions of a Mixed Problem with the Zaremba Boundary Condition for a Mildly Quasilinear Wave Equation
Authors: Korzyuk Viktor , Rudzko Jan
Published: May 2024

For a mildly nonlinear wave equation given in the first quadrant, we consider a mixed problem in which we pose the Cauchy conditions on the spatial half-line and the Zaremba condition on the time half-line. Using the method of characteristics, we construct the solution in an implicit analytical form as a solution of some integro-differential equations. The solvability of these equations is studied, as well as the dependence on the initial data and the smoothness of their solutions. For the problem in question, the uniqueness of the solution is proved, and the conditions under which its classical solution exists are established. If the compatibility conditions are not satisfied, then we consider a problem with conjugation conditions. We construct a mild solution if the data are not smooth enough. We apply the obtained mathematical results to solve a problem from combustion theory.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). Primary 35L20; Secondary 35A02, 35A09, 35D99, 35L71, 35Q79, 80A25.
Geotechnical response of Strip footing resting on oil-contaminated sand improved with stone columns - Numerical Study
Authors: Nasr A. M , Azzam W. R , Mahmoud Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Ground improvement techniques are crucial in construction, particularly in weak soil conditions. This study examines ordinary stone columns (OSC) and encased stone columns (ESC) to enhance endurance, shear strength, and soil hardness. The research investigates their behavior under strip footing in contaminated sand subgrades. Utilizing a Finite Element Model (FEM) in PLAXIS 3D, 74 cases were analyzed, focusing on OSC and ESC with diameters of 0.5m and 0.6m and a constant length of 12m. The contaminated sand content varied (2%, 5%, and 10%), and internal friction angles were 35°, 40°, and 45°. Results showed a significant increase in endurance for both OSC and ESC on untreated soil, with ESC demonstrating higher performance. For a 5% contaminated sand content, OSC's endurance increased by 100%-180% and ESC's by 275%-375%, depending on diameter and friction angle. The study aims to offer insights into OSC and ESC efficacy as geotechnical solutions for soil improvement in construction. This research provides valuable data for understanding and optimizing ground improvement techniques for weak soil conditions.
Adding metabolic tasks to Human GEM models to improve the study
of gene targets and their associated toxicities
Authors: Guil Francisco , Garcia Raquel , Garcia Jose Manuel
Published: May 2024

Genetic minimal cut sets (gMCS) are sets of genes that must be deactivated simultaneously to avoid unwanted states in a metabolic model. The concept of gMCS can be applied to two different scenarios. First, it can be used to identify potential gene toxicities in generic or healthy cell models. Second, it
can be used to develop genetic strategies to target cancer cells and prevent their proliferation.
Up to now, gMCS have been evaluated using the traditional procedure of preventing biomass production. This paper proposes an additional way: using essential metabolic tasks, which any human cell should perform, to enlarge the set of unwanted states. Including this addition can greatly improve the study of toxicities and reveal targets that can be used to treat unhealthy cells. Excluding metabolic tasks can cause important information to be overlooked, which could impact the study’s success.
Regarding toxicities, using the generic Human model, the number of detected generic toxicities with metabolic tasks increases from 106 to 281 (136 gMCSs of length 1 and 49 of length 2). For the evaluation of specific toxicities in different healthy tissues,we have used the following context-specific models: blood, pancreas, liver, heart, and kidney. Again, considering metabolic tasks, we have found new toxicities (both of lengths 1 and 2) whose inactivation could damage these healthy tissues.
Our research strategy has been applied to identify new cancer drug targets in two myeloma cell lines. We obtained new therapeutic targets of lengths 1 and 2 for each cell line.
After analyzing the data, we conclude that incorporating metabolic tasks into cancer models can reveal important therapeutic targets that were previously disregarded by the conventional method of inhibiting biomass production. This approach also improves the evaluation of potential drug toxicities.
Time trend and identification of risk areas for physical disability due to leprosy in Brazil: An ecological study, 2001-2022
Authors: Matos Thais Silva , Souza Carlos Dornels Freire , Fernandes Tania Rita Moreno Oliveira , Santos Márcio Bezerra , Brito Rodrigo José Videres Cordeiro , Matos Diogo Uester Silva , Carmo Rodrigo Feliciano , Silva Tarcísio Fulgêncio Alves
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that affects the peripheral nerves, leading to neurological damage and physical disability. This study analysed the temporal trend in the rate of new leprosy cases with grade 2 physical disability in Brazil and identified spatial clusters of risk for physical disability.
METHODS
This is an ecological study of all new cases of leprosy with grade 2 physical disability (G2D) at diagnosis between 2001 and 2022 in Brazil, macro-regions, states and municipalities. Data were extracted from the National System of Notifiable Diseases and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Sociodemographic and clinical variables such as age, sex, race/colour, education and clinical form of the disease were analysed, as well as the rate of new cases of leprosy with grade 2 physical disability at the time of diagnosis per million inhabitants. Data analysis was divided into three stages: 1- Descriptive analysis of the socio-demographic and clinical profile; 2- Time series analysis: In this stage, the joint-point regression model was used; 3- Spatial analysis, using global and local Moran statistics.
RESULTS
There were 50,466 new cases of leprosy with G2D during the period studied, 97.4% aged > 14 years, 70.2% male, 45.7% brown, 87.6% with low education, 90.2% multibacillary and 47.5% dimorphic clinical form. There was a downward trend in the detection of leprosy with physical disability grade 2, with an average annual reduction of 2.8% (13.6/1 million in 2001 and 9.1/1 million in 2022). The southeast, south and north regions showed a downward trend. A total of 14 states and 4 capitals showed a decrease in the rate, the most significant being Roraima (-11.0%/year). Tocantins was the only state with an upward trend (3.2%/year). 635 (14.1%) municipalities were in the high-high quadrant. These municipalities belong to 12 Brazilian states and accounted for 30% (n = 15,139) of all cases recorded in the country over the 22 years analysed.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest an overall decrease in the detection of leprosy with physical disability in Brazil and highlight geographical disparities in the occurrence of leprosy disability. Interventions to promote early diagnosis should be targeted at areas with the highest rate of new cases with grade 2 disability.
Assistive products for long-term care among older people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Japan: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kitamura Satomi , Tsuchiya-Ito Rumiko , Taguchi Reina , Ishikawa Tomoki , Ota Tomoyuki , Hamada Shota
Published: May 2024

Background: Assistive products support energy conservation in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that exhibits some disease-specific symptoms, such as dyspnea. This study aimed to determine the utilization of assistive products and evaluate its association with COPD.
Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study using anonymized medical and long-term care insurance claims data obtained from a Japanese city. The participants were ≥65 years old and first certified as requiring long-term care between April 2015 and March 2020. We selected seven types of assistive products that could support the daily activities of older adults with COPD: handrails/grab bars, ramps, canes, walkers, wheelchairs, electronic beds, and bathing aids. After stratifying care needs levels into care needs level 2 or lower, indicating partial care, and care needs level 3 or higher, indicating total care, we conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses to evaluate the association between the presence or absence of COPD and the use of each assistive product during the six months following certification, adjusting for sociodemographic and physical characteristics.
Results:Among 18,597 participants, 769 (4.1%) had COPD. The assistive productsfrequently used by participants with COPD included handrails/grab bars (12.6%), electronic beds (7.3%), and bathing aids (5.4%) among those who required partial care, and electronic beds (37.8%), handrails/grab bars (25.2%), and wheelchairs (15.6%) among those who required total care. Among participants who required partial care (n=15,460), those with COPD were less likely to use handrails/grab bars (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58–0.95) and more likely to use bathing aids (AOR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.07–2.27)compared with those without COPD. Among participants requiring total care (n=3,137), those with COPD were more likely to use electronic beds (AOR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.01–2.15) than those without COPD.
Conclusions:Older adults with COPD were more likely to use assistive products for bathing and beds than those without, which may help in self-care activities, but the use of handrails/grab bars might be suboptimal in those with COPD. Healthcare providers and policymakers should draw more attention to assistive product use for managing respiratory symptoms in older people with COPD.
Evaluation of Effect of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Parents on Dental Caries of Children With Special Health Care Need(Cshcn): a Cross-sectional Multicentric Study
Authors: Phogat Ritu , BC Manjunath , Sabbarwal Bhavna , Yadav Vipul
Published: May 2024

Aim: -This study aimed to evaluate the association of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of parents and its effect on dental caries of children with special health care need (CSHCN).
Materials & Method:
A cross sectional study was conducted on representative sample (n=116) parents of children aged 6 to 14 years who attended the special school in Rohtak, Haryana. The independent variable are age, socioeconomic statues, knowledge, attitude and practice of parents and dependent variable are dental caries experience in children. Dependent variables were measured by clinical examination by single dentist and independent variables were measured by questionnaire filled by parents. In the statistical analysis, associations between independent variables and KAP were employed using Chi-squared tests and univariant analysis.
Results: The overall mean scores of Knowledge were 6.19±1.85 (range 0 - 10). The attitude score for negative statements were 3.25±1.30(range 0-13) and for the positive statement were 3.97±1.28(range 0-13). Practices are variable for analysis because there can’t be a definite practice. Knowledge was significantly associated with education and socioeconomic status of parents. In the univariate logistic analysis model it is demonstrated that the odd’s ratio of dental caries is 2.235 with fair knowledge (score 5-6) as compared to poor knowledge (<_ 4) it is 4.065.
Conclusions: The overall KAP of parents toward oral health was relatively good. But it is concluded that by increasing knowledge of parents by health education and promotion we can decrease dental caries prevalence in children with special health care need (CSHCN).
Optimization of Soil Behavior Type Index for Evaluating Liquefaction Potential of Fine-Grained Soils in Adapazarı
Authors: Ozsagir Mustafa , Erden Caner , Bol Ertan , Özocak Aşkın , Sert Sedat
Published: May 2024

This study investigates soil liquefaction potential, specifically focusing on fine-grained soils. We analyze the soil behavior index (Ic) values, emphasizing their role in distinguishing between soils susceptible and resistant to liquefaction. Multiple Ic formulas from the existing literature undergo rigorous examination and refinement to improve accuracy in differentiating soil types. Data from Adapazarı, Türkiye, post-1999 earthquake, and cone penetration test (CPT) results from an acoustic CPTU machine inform the study. Various scenarios, considering 11 literatures from physical properties of the soil, evaluate the potential for liquefaction. The threshold Ic values that best distinguish liquefied and non-liquefied fine-grained soils from each other are determined. Performance assessment identifies the most suitable approach for accurate discrimination. To enhance the chosen scenario, an optimization process determines the optimal coefficients for different Ic formulas. With these optimized Ic formulas, liquefied and non-liquefied soils are analyzed again and the most appropriate threshold values are found. The results show improved accuracy in assessing the liquefaction potential. This study significantly advances liquefaction analysis techniques, introducing novel recommendations, refining criteria, optimizing Ic formulas, and offering insights into nonliquefiable soil classification based on CPT data. The findings aim to improve the safety and effectiveness of geotechnical engineering practices, particularly during seismic events.
NLRP1 variants affect B cells sensitivity to DPP9 inhibition
Authors: Roa Mariela Vera , Cambui Raylane Gonçalves , Cantoni Julia Silva , Yamada Suemy Melim , de Oliveira Leonardo Teixeira , Leal Vinícius Nunes Cordeiro , Pontillo Alessandra
Published: May 2024

Inflammasome genetics affect several multifactorial diseases' development and severity, but the exact mechanism and cell types involved are mainly unknown. Recent findings have demonstrated the activation of caspase-1 and the release of IL-1β in B lymphocytes, leading us to hypothesize that genetic variants within the inflammasome may influence B cell functions and contribute to pathological immune responses. We previously reported the significance of NLRP3 and its variants in the dysregulation of B cells during chronic HIV infection. Here, we demonstrate that the inflammasome activation in human CD19+ cells is influenced by NLRP1 genetic variants yet associated with B cell-mediated diseases. The DPP-9 inhibitor ValBoro-Pro (VbP; Talabostat) was used to stimulate the two inflammasome sensors, NLRP1 and CARD8. First, we demonstrated that VbP induces caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis, but not IL-1β release, in CD19+ cells. Then, we evaluated the impact of common functional variants in NLRP1 and CARD8 genes on inflammasome activation in those cells. Therefore, our study identifies NLRP1 missense variants that impact B lymphocyte response to DPP9 inhibition. This implies a potential direct association between NLRP1 variants, B cell-mediated diseases, such as autoimmune and allergic conditions, and cancer.
Randomized phase II trial of weekly ixabepilone ± biweekly bevacizumab for platinum- resistant or refractory ovarian / fallopian tube / primary peritoneal cancer (NCT03093155): updated survival and subgroup analyses
Authors: Roque Dana M. , Siegel Eric R. , Buza Natalia , Bellone Stefania , Huang Gloria S. , Altwerger Gary , Andikyan Vaagn , Clark Mitchell , Azodi Masoud , Schwartz Peter E. , Rao Gautam G. , Ratner Elena , Santin Alessandro D.
Published: May 2024

Background: Ixabepilone may retain activity in paclitaxel-resistant disease. We previously reported improved response rates (ORR), progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) conferred by ixabepilone+bevacizumab (IXA+BEV) compared to monotherapy (IXA) in heavily pre-treated ovarian cancers. We now describe a mature data set. Subset analyses were performed in patients with different taxane sensitivities and dose modifications.
Methods Patients previously treated with paclitaxel were stratified by prior BEV and randomized to receive IXA 20 mg/m2 days 1,8,15±BEV 10 mg/kg days 1,15 of a 28-day cycle in a multi-site prospective randomized phase 2 trial.
Results: Thirty-seven patients were randomized to IXA and 39 patients to IXA+BEV. At the final data cutoff (05/27/2023), ORR was higher in the IXA+BEV arm (38.4% vs 8.1%,p=0.003). Dose reductions were necessary in most participants but did not diminish PFS/OS benefit. Most patients were paclitaxel-refractory/-resistant (51%,n=19/37;67%,n=26/39); the remainder were taxane-responsive. The addition of BEV to IXA conferred benefit in PFS (5.5 vs 2.2 mo; HR 0.31, 90%CI 0.20-0.49, p<0.001) and OS (10.3 vs 6.0mo; HR 0.56, 90%CI 0.38-0.84, p=0.02) that persisted after adjusting for prior taxane response.
Conclusions: IXA+BEV has activity in heavily pre-treated ovarian cancers and offers significant improvement in ORR and PFS/OS compared to IXA, despite prior taxane response and dose reductions.
Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03093155
Chlorogenic acid alleviates IPEC-J2 pyroptosis induced by deoxynivalenol through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB/NLRP3/Capase-1 pathway
Authors: Xue Yanmei , Li Fuchang , Li Rui , Zhang Xinru , Guo Huijun , Wang Chunyang
Published: May 2024

Background
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a severely polluted mycotoxins in feed ingredients, and methods for reducing its toxicity have become a significant direction of research. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) in some plants is an active polyphenol with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and a protective effect on animal intestinal health. The effects of CGA on DON-induced pyroptosis of the intestinal porcine epithelial cell line-J2 (IPEC-J2) and its potential mechanism were explored in this study.
Results
The results indicated that exposure to DON at 2500 ng/mL significantly increased the mortality of IPEC-J2 cells, accompanied by typical pyroptosis features, including breakage of cellular DNA, damage to cell membrane integrity, and an increase in the extracellular concentration of positive ions (Ca2+ and K+) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18). Nevertheless, DON-induced pyroptosis was alleviated by CGA. Additionally, the exposure of DON promoted the mRNA expression of initiating signaling factors relevant to pyroptosis (including TNF, MDP, NOD2, TLR4, and NF-κB), enhanced the mRNA and protein levels of activation signaling factors (including NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and GSDMD), and increased the level of ROS. Among them, the NF-κB/ROS/NLRP3/Capase-1 pathway was identified as the key factor in the dual-signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that CGA pretreatment simultaneously inhibits the activation of both the initiating and activation signals related to pyroptosis.
Conclusion
In short, CGA can alleviate DON-induced pyroptosis of IPEC-J2 cells through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB/ROS/NLRP3/Capase-1 pathway.
Topological Structure Optimization of B,N-Doped Nanographenes for Deep-Blue Emitters
Authors: Yang Chuluo , Cao Xiaosong , Huang Xingyu , Miao Jingsheng , Sun Hongli , Su Chenliang , Sun Like , Liao Yanglong , Chen Zhi , Zhong Cheng , Lin Hong , Lv Xialei , Li Nengquan , Huang Zhongyan , Chen Zhan-Xiang , Hua Tao , Yin Xiaojun , Zou Yang
Published: May 2024

B,N-doped nanographenes have been actively studied as blue dopants for OLEDs because of the triplet-exciton harvesting capability and narrowband emission, but their inefficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) is a bottleneck for practical applications. The construction of π-extended frameworks is recognized as a general strategy to simultaneously accelerate the RISC process and enhance color purity. However, the influence of topological structure on photophysical properties remains poorly understood. We hereby design three deep-blue, quadruple-borylated nanographenes with isomeric skeletons, and shows a critical dependence of molecular conformation and electronic structure on topology. These compounds, consisting of fused dimers with variable linking sites, range from negatively curved to quasi-planar conformations. Our combined theoretical and experimental analyses indicate that enhanced planarity can facilitate the resonance effect, promote charge transfer delocalization, and increase structural rigidity. Compared to the curved counterparts, the planarized emitter demonstrates multi-dimensional improvement in photophysical properties, achieving an ultranarrow emission spectrum with a full-width at half maximum of 13 nm/0.07 eV and a large RISC rate constant of 2.7×106 s−1. A high external quantum efficiency of 30.4% under a luminance of 1000 cd m–2 at color coordinates of (0.127, 0.078) is achieved in device without employing additional sensitizer. These findings establish new and unforeseen design guidelines for constructing high-performance narrowband emitters toward ultrahigh-definition displays.
Quantifying the intra- and inter-species community interaction in a microbiome by dynamic covariance mapping
Authors: Serohijos Adrian , Gencel Melis , Hui Cang , Sahaf Zahra , Gauthier Louis , Matta Chloé Chloé , Gagné-Leroux David , Tsang Derek , Philpott Dana , Ramathan Sheela , Cofino Gisela Marrero , Menendez Alfredo , Bershtein Shimon
Published: May 2024

A microbiome’s composition, stability, and response to perturbations is dictated by the community interaction matrix 1-10 that is commonly assayed by pair-wise species competition. In their natural environment however, microbes concurrently experience multiple species, face conditions that may be difficult to mimic in vitro, and have members that are impractical to isolate. Additionally, due to overlapping of evolutionary and ecological timescales, the community interaction matrix is also influenced by intra-species diversity, but how and to what extent remains poorly understood 11-14. Here, we develop a general approach called Dynamic Covariance Mapping (DCM) to estimate the interaction matrix of multispecies microbiome community in its natural environment from abundance time-series data. Together with intra-species high-resolution lineage tracking via chromosomal barcoding, we quantify the inter- and intra-species community interaction matrix during E. coli colonization of mice gut microbiome with increasing complexity: germ-free, antibiotic-perturbed, and innate microbiota. With DCM, we differentiate three temporal phases of invasion in the susceptible communities: 1) initial loss of community stability as E. coli enters; 2) recolonization of some gut bacteria; and 3) recovery of stability with E. coli clones coexisting with resident bacteria in a quasi-steady state. These phases are influenced by specific interactions between E. coli sub-lineages with other species in the community. These results highlight the transient nature and time-dependence of community interaction networks in microbiomes driven by the persistent coupling of ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Our theoretical and experimental approach can be applied to characterize coupled ecological-evolutionary dynamics of bacterial communities in vitro and in situ.
Neuroendoscopy in Acute and Severe Neurological Diseases: A Promising Approach for Improved Patient Outcomes
Authors: SHAFIQ ZOHAIB , Li Zhiyang , Lei Pan , Song Ping , Zhou Long , Cai Qiang
Published: May 2024

Objective: To investigate the utilization, effectiveness, and safety of neuroendoscopy in the treatment of acute and severe neurological conditions and to evaluate the clinical outcome.
Methods: Between September 2016 to December 2023, a total of 815 patients with acute and severe neurological disease treated by transcranial neuroendoscopic approach were retrospectively reviewed in our department.
Results: Among the 815 acute and severe cases, 474 cases of acute cerebral hemorrhage, 248 cases of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases, 78 cases of craniocerebral injury and 15 cases of acute hydrocephalus. The outcomes of our neuroendoscopic surgery were satisfactory without any severe complications and the procedure was life-saving and showed promising outcomes in terms of patient safety and recovery.
Conclusion: While neuroendoscopy represents a promising approach in the treatment of some acute and severe neurological disease, ongoing research and technological advancements are necessary to optimize its utility and ensure its widespread adoption. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of neuroendoscopy in acute and severe neurological diseases, underscoring its potential to improve patient outcomes and quality of care in neurosurgical practice.
Exploiting ChatGPT for Diagnosing Autism-Associated Language Disorders and Identifying Distinct Features
Authors: Li Xin , Hu Chuanbo , Li Wenqi , Ruan Mindi , Yu Xiangxu , Paul Lynn , Wang Shuo
Published: May 2024

Diagnosing language disorders associated with autism is a complex and nuanced challenge, often hindered by the subjective nature and variability of traditional assessment methods. Traditional diagnostic methods not only require intensive human effort but also often result in delayed interventions due to their lack of speed and specificity. In this study, we explored the application of ChatGPT, a state-of-the-art large language model, to overcome these obstacles by enhancing diagnostic accuracy and profiling specific linguistic features indicative of autism. Leveraging ChatGPT's advanced natural language processing capabilities, this research aims to streamline and refine the diagnostic process. Specifically, we compared ChatGPT's performance with that of conventional supervised learning models, including BERT, a model acclaimed for its effectiveness in various natural language processing tasks. We showed that ChatGPT substantially outperformed these models, achieving over 13\% improvement in both accuracy and F1-score in a zero-shot learning configuration. This marked enhancement highlights the model’s potential as a superior tool for neurological diagnostics. Additionally, we identified ten distinct features of autism-associated language disorders that vary significantly across different experimental scenarios. These features, which included echolalia, pronoun reversal, and atypical language usage, were crucial for accurately diagnosing ASD and customizing treatment plans. Together, our findings advocate for adopting sophisticated AI tools like ChatGPT in clinical settings to assess and diagnose developmental disorders. Our approach not only promises greater diagnostic precision but also aligns with the goals of personalized medicine, potentially transforming the evaluation landscape for autism and similar neurological conditions.