bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GASOLINE: detecting germline and somatic structural variants from long-reads data
Authors: Magi Alberto , Mattei Gianluca , Mingrino Alessandra , Caprioli Chiara , Ronchini Chiara , Frigè Gianmaria , Semeraro Roberto , Baragli Marta , Bolognini Davide , Colombo Emanuela , Mazzarella Luca , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe
Published: November 2023

Long-read sequencing allows analyses of single nucleic-acid molecules and produces sequences in the order of tens to hundreds kilobases. Its application to whole-genome analyses allows identification of complex genomic structural-variants (SVs) with unprecedented resolution. SV identification, however, requires complex computational methods, based on either read-depth or intra- and inter-alignment signatures approaches, which are limited by size or type of SVs. Moreover, most currently available tools only detect germline variants, thus requiring separate computation of sample pairs for comparative analyses. To overcome these limits, we developed a novel tool (Germline And SOmatic structuraL varIants detectioN and gEnotyping; GASOLINE) that groups SV signatures using a sophisticated clustering procedure based on a modified reciprocal overlap criterion, and is designed to identify germline SVs, from single samples, and somatic SVs from paired test and control samples. GASOLINE is a collection of Perl, R and Fortran codes, it analyzes aligned data in BAM format and produces VCF files with statistically significant somatic SVs. Germline or somatic analysis of 30$$\times $$
×
sequencing coverage experiments requires 4–5 h with 20 threads. GASOLINE outperformed currently available methods in the detection of both germline and somatic SVs in synthetic and real long-reads datasets. Notably, when applied on a pair of metastatic melanoma and matched-normal sample, GASOLINE identified five genuine somatic SVs that were missed using five different sequencing technologies and state-of-the art SV calling approaches. Thus, GASOLINE identifies germline and somatic SVs with unprecedented accuracy and resolution, outperforming currently available state-of-the-art WGS long-reads computational methods.
A missense mutation in Lama3 causes androgen alopecia
Authors: Ji Zhong-Hao , Ren Wen-Zhi , He Song , Wu Hong-Yu , Yuan Bao , Chen Jian , Jin Hong-Juan
Published: November 2023

Hair loss disorders such as androgenetic alopecia have caused serious disturbances to normal human life. Animal models play an important role in exploring pathogenesis of disease and evaluating new therapies. NIH hairless mice are a spontaneous hairless mouse discovered and bred in our laboratory. In this study, we resequenced the genomes of NIH normal mice and NIH hairless mice and obtained 3,575,560 high-quality, plausible SNP loci and 995,475 InDels. The Euclidean distance algorithm was used to assess the association of SNP loci with the hairless phenotype, at a threshold of 0.62. Two regions of chromosome 18 having the highest association with the phenotype contained 345 genes with a total length of 13.98 Mb. The same algorithm was used to assess the association of InDels with the hairless phenotype at a threshold of 0.54 and revealed a region of 25.45 Mb in length, containing 518 genes. The mutation candidate gene Lama3 (NM_010680.2: c.652C>T; NP_034810.1: p. Arg217Cys) was selected based on the results of functional gene analysis and mutation prediction screening. Lama3 (R217C) mutant mice were further constructed using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and the relationship between Lama3 point mutations and the hairless phenotype were clarified by phenotypic observation. The results showed that male Lama3 point mutation mice started to lose hair on the 80th day after birth, and the hair loss area gradually expanded over time. H&E staining of skin sections showed that the point mutation mice had increased sebaceous glands in the dermis and missing hair follicle structure (i.e., typical symptoms of androgenetic alopecia). This study is a good extension of the current body of knowledge about the function of Lama3, and the constructed Lama3 (R217C) mutant mice may be a good animal model for studying androgenetic alopecia.
Causal inference using observational intensive care unit data: a scoping review and recommendations for future practice
Authors: Smit J. M. , Krijthe J. H. , Kant W. M. R. , Labrecque J. A. , Komorowski M. , Gommers D. A. M. P. J. , van Bommel J. , Reinders M. J. T. , van Genderen M. E.
Published: November 2023

This scoping review focuses on the essential role of models for causal inference in shaping actionable artificial intelligence (AI) designed to aid clinicians in decision-making. The objective was to identify and evaluate the reporting quality of studies introducing models for causal inference in intensive care units (ICUs), and to provide recommendations to improve the future landscape of research practices in this domain. To achieve this, we searched various databases including Embase, MEDLINE ALL, Web of Science Core Collection, Google Scholar, medRxiv, bioRxiv, arXiv, and the ACM Digital Library. Studies involving models for causal inference addressing time-varying treatments in the adult ICU were reviewed. Data extraction encompassed the study settings and methodologies applied. Furthermore, we assessed reporting quality of target trial components (i.e., eligibility criteria, treatment strategies, follow-up period, outcome, and analysis plan) and main causal assumptions (i.e., conditional exchangeability, positivity, and consistency). Among the 2184 titles screened, 79 studies met the inclusion criteria. The methodologies used were G methods (61%) and reinforcement learning methods (39%). Studies considered both static (51%) and dynamic treatment regimes (49%). Only 30 (38%) of the studies reported all five target trial components, and only seven (9%) studies mentioned all three causal assumptions. To achieve actionable AI in the ICU, we advocate careful consideration of the causal question of interest, describing this research question as a target trial emulation, usage of appropriate causal inference methods, and acknowledgement (and examination of potential violations of) the causal assumptions.
Wearable technology interventions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shah Amar J. , Althobiani Malik A. , Saigal Anita , Ogbonnaya Chibueze E. , Hurst John R. , Mandal Swapna
Published: November 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death and is associated with multiple medical and psychological comorbidities. Therefore, future strategies to improve COPD management and outcomes are needed for the betterment of patient care. Wearable technology interventions offer considerable promise in improving outcomes, but prior reviews fall short of assessing their role in the COPD population. In this systematic review and meta-analysis we searched ovid-MEDLINE, ovid-EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and IEEE databases from inception to April 2023 to identify studies investigating wearable technology interventions in an adult COPD population with prespecified outcomes of interest including physical activity promotion, increasing exercise capacity, exacerbation detection, and quality-of-life. We identified 7396 studies, of which 37 were included in our review. Meta-analysis showed wearable technology interventions significantly increased: the mean daily step count (mean difference (MD) 850 (494–1205) steps/day) and the six-minute walk distance (MD 5.81 m (1.02–10.61 m). However, the impact was short-lived. Furthermore, wearable technology coupled with another facet (such as health coaching or pulmonary rehabilitation) had a greater impact that wearable technology alone. Wearable technology had little impact on quality-of-life measures and had mixed results for exacerbation avoidance and prediction. It is clear that wearable technology interventions may have the potential to form a core part of future COPD management plans, but further work is required to translate this into meaningful clinical benefit.
Sign reversal diode effect in superconducting Dayem nanobridges
Authors: Margineda Daniel , Crippa Alessandro , Strambini Elia , Fukaya Yuri , Mercaldo Maria Teresa , Cuoco Mario , Giazotto Francesco
Published: November 2023

Supercurrent diodes are nonreciprocal electronic elements whose switching current depends on their flow direction. Recently, a variety of composite systems combining different materials and engineered asymmetric superconducting devices have been proposed. Yet, ease of fabrication and tunable sign of supercurrent rectification joined to large efficiency have not been assessed in a single platform so far. We demonstrate that all-metallic superconducting Dayem nanobridges naturally exhibit nonreciprocal supercurrents under an external magnetic field, with a rectification efficiency up to ~ 27%. Our niobium nanostructures are tailored so that the diode polarity can be tuned by varying the amplitude of an out-of-plane magnetic field or the temperature in a regime without magnetic screening. We show that sign reversal of the diode effect may arise from the high-harmonic content of the current phase relation in combination with vortex phase windings present in the bridge or an anomalous phase shift compatible with anisotropic spin-orbit interactions.
Rapid seaward expansion of seaport footprints worldwide
Authors: Sengupta Dhritiraj , Lazarus Eli D.
Published: November 2023

As global maritime traffic increases, seaports grow to accommodate and compete for higher volumes of trade throughput. However, growth trajectories of seaport footprints around the world have gone unmeasured, likely because of a lack of readily available spatio-temporal data. Here, we use geospatial analysis of global satellite imagery from 1990–2020 to show that 65 seaports among the world’s top 100 container ports, as ranked by reported throughput, have been expanding rapidly seaward. Collectively, these seaports have added approximately 978 km2 in gross port area in three decades through coastal land reclamation. We also find that the relationship between footprint expansion and throughput volume is highly variable among seaports. Understanding patterns of seaport expansion in space and time informs global assessments of critical infrastructure and supply chain vulnerability to climate-driven hazard. Seaport expansion also sets up complex trade-offs in the context of environmental impacts and climate adaptation.
Correction: Understanding the charge transfer dynamics of the Cu2WS4–CNT–FeOOH ternary composite for photo-electrochemical studies
Authors: Dagar Preeti , Ghorai Nandan , Bungla Manisha , Ghosh Hirendra N. , Ganguli Ashok K.
Published: November 2023

Correction for ‘Understanding the charge transfer dynamics of the Cu2WS4–CNT–FeOOH ternary composite for photo-electrochemical studies’ by Preeti Dagar et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CP03498D.
Defect-engineered Zr-MOFs with enhanced O2 adsorption and activation for photocatalytic H2O2 synthesis
Authors: Tang Yong , Qiu Jianhao , Dai Dingliang , Xia Guanglu , Zhang Lu , Yao Jianfeng
Published: November 2023

UiO-66-NH2 with missing ligand defects (DUiO-66-NH2) wrapped by ZnIn2S4 was investigated for photocatalytic H2O2 production under visible light.
Correction: Ring-opening yields and auto-oxidation rates of the resulting peroxy radicals from OH-oxidation of α-pinene and β-pinene
Authors: Lee Ben H. , Iyer Siddharth , Kurtén Theo , Varelas Jonathan G. , Luo Jingyi , Thomson Regan J. , Thornton Joel A.
Published: November 2023

Correction for ‘Ring-opening yields and auto-oxidation rates of the resulting peroxy radicals from OH-oxidation of α-pinene and β-pinene’ by Ben H. Lee et al., Environ. Sci.: Atmos., 2023, 3, 399–407, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EA00133K.
Correction: From the Birkeland–Eyde process towards energy-efficient plasma-based NOX synthesis: a techno-economic analysis
Authors: Rouwenhorst Kevin H. R. , Jardali Fatme , Bogaerts Annemie , Lefferts Leon
Published: November 2023

Correction for ‘From the Birkeland–Eyde process towards energy-efficient plasma-based NOX synthesis: a techno-economic analysis’ by Kevin H. R. Rouwenhorst et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, 14, 2520–2534, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EE03763J.
Methane conversion and hydrogen production over TiO2/WO3/Pt heterojunction photocatalysts
Authors: Carminati Saulo Amaral , Januário Eliane Ribeiro , Machado Arthur Pignataro , Silvaino Patrícia Ferreira , Vaz Jorge Moreira , Spinacé Estevam Vitorio
Published: November 2023

Boosting ethane and hydrogen generation combining photocatalytic methane conversion and water splitting employing TiO2/WO3/Pt-based photocatalysts.
Expression of concern: Tin–zinc-oxide nanocomposites (SZO) as promising electron transport layers for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Shalan Ahmed E. , El-Shazly Ayat N. , Rashad Mohamed M. , Allam Nageh K.
Published: November 2023

Expression of concern for ‘Tin–zinc-oxide nanocomposites (SZO) as promising electron transport layers for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells’ by Ahmed E. Shalan et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2019, 1, 2654–2662, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NA00182D.
A wearable AuNP enhanced metal–organic gel (Au@MOG) sensor for sweat glucose detection with ultrahigh sensitivity
Authors: Zhou Dengfeng , Zhang Shuangbin , Khan Atta Ullah , Chen Lan , Ge Guanglu
Published: November 2023

The demands for sensitive, non-invasive and real-time glucose monitoring have grown considerably recently. This work has developed a AuNPs@MOGs-based wearable sensor for sweat glucose detection with ultrahigh sensitivity and wide linear detection.
Convergent synthesis of thiodiazole dioxides from simple ketones and amines through an unusual nitrogen-migration mechanism
Authors: Punjajom Kunlayanee , Sinclair Paul P. , Saha Ishika , Seierstad Mark , Ameriks Michael K. , García-Reynaga Pablo , Lebold Terry P. , Sarpong Richmond
Published: November 2023

A modular approach to dihydro-1,2,5-thiodiazole dioxide heterocycles is reported. Mechanistic and computational studies support an unusual 1,2 nitrogen migration mechanism for this transformation.
Exploring the local solvation structure of redox molecules in a mixed solvent for increasing the Seebeck coefficient of thermocells
Authors: Inoue Hirotaka , Zhou Hongyao , Ando Hideo , Nakagawa Sakuya , Yamada Teppei
Published: November 2023

One-electron oxidation of a chloranil dianion (CA2−) to its radical form (CA˙−) disrupts the local solvation structure formed by ethanol in acetonitrile, resulting in a large entropy change and a large Seebeck coefficient of CA2−/˙− thermocells.
Using waste to treat waste: facile synthesis of hollow carbon nanospheres from lignin for water decontamination
Authors: Liu Xiang , Hao Zixuan , Fang Chen , Pang Kun , Yan Jiaying , Huang Yingping , Huang Di , Astruc Didier
Published: November 2023

Herein, a new type of hollow carbon nanospheres (HCNs) is designed and synthesized by pyrolysis of biomass dealkali lignin, as an efficient nanocatalyst for the elimination of antibiotics in complex water matrices.
Mutual induced fit transition structure stabilization of corannulene's bowl-to-bowl inversion in a perylene bisimide cyclophane
Authors: Weh Manuel , Kroeger Asja A. , Anhalt Olga , Karton Amir , Würthner Frank
Published: November 2023

Combined experimental and computational studies find a perylene bisimide cyclophane to catalyse the corannulene bowl-inversion. Host and guest undergo mutual geometric adaptation, maximizing transition structure stabilization from π–π stacking.
Photocatalytic ethane conversion on rutile TiO2(110): identifying the role of the ethyl radical
Authors: Li Fangliang , Lai Yuemiao , Zeng Yi , Chen Xiao , Wang Tao , Yang Xueming , Guo Qing
Published: November 2023

Photocatalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane is a promising approach to produce ethane under mild conditions.
Organic metal chalcogenide-assisted metabolic molecular diagnosis of central precocious puberty
Authors: Ouyang Dan , Wang Chuanzhe , Zhong Chao , Lin Juan , Xu Gang , Wang Guane , Lin Zian
Published: November 2023

Cu(SPh–COOH) was precisely designed and for the first time investigated as a LDI-MS substrate with enhanced energy transfer and ionization efficiency. A high-accuracy metabolic molecular diagnosis of CPP was achieved using the Cu(SPh–COOH)-assisted LDI-MS platform.
Syngas conversion to biofuels and biochemicals: a review of process engineering and mechanisms
Authors: Khalid Habiba , Amin Farrukh Raza , Gao Lian , Chen Limei , Chen Wuxi , Javed Sundus , Li Demao
Published: November 2023

Syngas is generated by thermochemical conversion of a wide range of organic waste, or it is directly produced as an industry off-gas.
Correction: Towards sustainable synthesis: a life cycle assessment of polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) by green mechanosynthesis
Authors: Loh Ching Yoong , Huang Rui , Bell Rory , Xie Ming
Published: November 2023

Correction for ‘Towards sustainable synthesis: a life cycle assessment of polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) by green mechanosynthesis’ by Ching Yoong Loh et al., RSC Sustainability, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3su00340j.
A metal–organic cage with light-switchable motifs for controllable CO2 adsorption
Authors: Jiang Yao , Yang Tao , Liu Xiao-Qin , Cui Peng , Sun Lin-Bing
Published: November 2023

A light-switchable metal–organic cage presents controllable CO2 adsorption as a result of the reversible trans/cis configuration isomerization of the incorporated pendant azobenzene groups.
Spanish Phonological Awareness in Kindergarten Uniquely Supports Second-Grade English Morphological Awareness in Spanish–English Dual Language Learners
Authors: Durant Kathleen , Jarmulowicz Linda , Harrell-Williams Leigh
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

This study investigated the longitudinal, cross-linguistic developmental relationships of phonological awareness (PA), letter identification (letter ID), and morphological awareness (MA) in 71 heritage Spanish–English dual language learners (DLLs) in kindergarten and second grade.

Method:

Multiple linear regression was used to test if kindergarten Spanish and English PA (sound elision and sound matching) and letter ID significantly predicted later English MA (oral derived word stress judgment, oral derivational morpheme blending, written derived word decomposition, and morphologically complex word spelling) performance in second grade.

Results:

Cross-linguistically, the PA skill of sound matching in kindergarten was the most reliable predictor of MA in second grade for Spanish–English DLLs. Spanish PA explained the majority of variation in oral MA skills in English. English PA was only uniquely predictive of written MA skills in English.

Conclusions:

Both the cognitive operation of sound sequence manipulation in PA (elision or matching) and the modality of morpheme representation in MA (oral or written) appear to mediate the transfer of metalinguistic knowledge in Spanish–English DLL development in early elementary school. Results are discussed within the context of classroom practices.
Black Box Long Covid
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: November 2023

Mehr als 30 Millionen Menschen haben und hatten sich in Deutschland mit Covid-19 infiziert, und die Zahlen steigen weiter. Darunter sind viele Pflegekräfte und Ärzte. Nach überstandener Infektion leiden etwa 15 bis 30 Prozent an Spätfolgen, dem sogenannten Long Covid oder auch Post Covid. Für die Statistik sind sie genesen, aber viele können ihren Arbeitsalltag nicht in gewohnter Weise bewältigen. Sie haben kaum mehr Energie für die einfachsten Tätigkeiten, einige werden arbeitsunfähig.
Monitoring Measurable/Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Multiparametric Flow Cytometry-Based Approach
Authors: Tembhare Prashant Ramesh
Published: November 2023

Measurable/minimal residual disease (MRD) status is the most relevant predictor of clinical outcome in hematolymphoid neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In contrast to acute lymphoblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma, or chronic lymphocytic leukemia, etc., AML is a widely heterogeneous neoplasm with poor clinical outcomes. Multicolor flow cytometry (MFC) is a powerful technology with high sensitivity, rapid results, cost-effectiveness, and easy availability. It is routinely used for diagnosing and MRD monitoring in many hematological neoplasms. However, MFC-based MRD monitoring in AML is complex and challenging. It requires a refined approach, a wide panel of markers, and adequate training and experience. This review focuses on the panel design, processing details, template design, analysis approach, and recent updates in MFC-based MRD monitoring in AML. It further describes the normal distribution and maturation patterns of various sublineages among hematological progenitors and their utility in studying AML MRD.
Primary Resistance to ALK Inhibitors in a Patient with Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer with ALK Rearrangement: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Devaraj Suma , Panda Soumya Surath , Arun Gourab , Panda Adya Kinkar , Mohapatra Debahuti , Moharana Lalatendu , Kolluri Spoorthy , Kilaru Sindhu , Mohanty Swati Sucharita , Biswas Ghanashyam
Published: November 2023

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors (ALKi) are the standard of care for metastatic ALK-rearranged nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Though most patients respond well to ALK, seldom there are instances where the disease progresses rapidly. Here, we present a case of a 41-years-old male diagnosed as NSCLC with ALK rearrangement. Despite being started on first- and second-generation ALK-targeted therapy, he had rapid disease progression ultimately succumbing to the disease within 3 months of diagnosis. We suspect that our patient has a variant of ALK, making him resistant to both first- and second-line targeted therapy. Subjecting such nonresponders to next-generation sequencing and identifying the variants might help to recognize a subset of patients among ALK+ NSCLC who will need intense monitoring and early institution of other therapies for a better outcome.
Supervised Exercise Training May Improve Postural Control in Patients with Symptomatic Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Degache Francis , Mak Willy , Calanca Luca , Mazzolai Lucia , Lanzi Stefano
Published: November 2023

Patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) have been shown to present balance disorders and a history of falling, which are associated with functional and daily life impairments. Although postural control improvement is an important outcome, the benefits of supervised exercise training (SET) on postural control have been seldom investigated in these patients. This article investigates the effects of SET on traditional measures of postural control and on stabilogram-diffusion analysis (SDA) parameters in patients with symptomatic PAD. Patients with symptomatic chronic lower limb claudication were investigated. All subjects who completed the 3-month multimodal SET program and postural control assessment before and after SET were included. Center of pressure trajectory analysis and SDA parameters were investigated using a posturographic platform. Patients were instructed to stand on the platform and maintain balance to their best ability. Treadmill pain-free (PFWD) and maximal (MWD) walking distances were also assessed prior and following SET. Forty-four patients with PAD (65.2 ± 9.8 years, 34% women) were investigated. All postural control parameters were unchanged following SET, except the length of center of pressure displacement as a function of the surface of center of pressure trajectory (LFS), which was significantly increased (before SET: 1.4 ± 0.4; after SET: 1.5 ± 0.5; p = 0.042). PFWD (before SET: 103.5 ± 77.9 m; after SET: 176.8 ± 130.6 m; p ≤ 0.001) and MWD (before SET: 383.6 ± 272.0 m; after SET: 686.4 ± 509.0 m; p ≤ 0.001) significantly improved following SET. The increased LFS suggests a better postural control accuracy following SET in patients with symptomatic PAD.
Reliably straining suspended van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Nazzari Daniele , Genser Jakob , Sistani Masiar , Bartmann Maximilian G. , Cartoixà Xavier , Rurali Riccardo , Weber Walter M. , Lugstein Alois
Published: November 2023

2D materials provide a rapidly expanding platform for the observation of novel physical phenomena and for the realization of cutting-edge optoelectronic devices. In addition to their peculiar individual characteristics, 2D materials can be stacked into complex van der Waals heterostructures, greatly expanding their potential. Moreover, thanks to their excellent stretchability, strain can be used as a powerful control knob to tune or boost many of their properties. Here, we present a novel method to reliably and repeatedly apply a high uniaxial tensile strain to suspended van der Waals heterostructures. The reported device is engineered starting from a silicon-on-insulator substrate, allowing for the realization of suspended silicon beams that can amplify the applied strain. The strain module functionality is demonstrated using single- and double-layer graphene layers stacked with a multilayered hexagonal boron nitride flake. The heterostructures can be uniaxially strained, respectively, up to ∼1.2% and ∼1.8%.
InGaAs/AlInAsSb avalanche photodiodes with low noise and strong temperature stability
Authors: Guo Bingtian , Schwartz Mariah , Kodati Sri H. , McNicholas Kyle M. , Jung Hyemin , Lee Seunghyun , Konowitch Jason , Chen Dekang , Bai Junwu , Guo Xiangwen , Ronningen Theodore J. , Grein Christoph H. , Campbell Joe C. , Krishna Sanjay
Published: November 2023

High-sensitivity avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are used to amplify weak optical signals in a wide range of applications, including telecommunications, data centers, spectroscopy, imaging, light detection and ranging, medical diagnostics, and quantum applications. This paper reports antimony-based separate absorption, charge, and multiplication structure APDs on InP substrates. Al0.7In0.3As0.79Sb0.21 is used for the multiplier region, and InGaAs is used as the absorber. The excess noise is comparable to that of silicon APDs; the k-value is more than one order of magnitude lower than that of APDs that use InP or InAlAs for the gain region. The external quantum efficiency without an anti-reflection coating at 1550 nm is 57%. The gradient of the temperature coefficient of avalanche breakdown voltage is 6.7 mV/K/μm, which is less than one-sixth that of InP APDs, presenting the potential to reduce the cost and complexity of receiver circuits. Semi-insulating InP substrates make high-speed operation practical for widely reported AlxIn1−xAsySb1−y-based APDs.
Study of displacement damage effects in InGaAs PIN photodiode under 10 MeV proton irradiation
Authors: Li Rui , Li Yudong , Maliya Heini , Zhang Ruiqin , Wang Xin , Jiang Yi , Zhou Dong , Guo Qi
Published: November 2023

The displacement damage effect of 10 MeV proton radiation on a high-speed InGaAs PIN photodiode has been experimentally investigated to evaluate the stability of the device in a space radiation environment. The results show that the dark current and low-frequency noise of the device increase significantly after irradiation, while the capacitance of the device decreases slightly after irradiation, where the spectral response parameters are less affected by irradiation. The increase in dark current is essentially linear with the displacement damage dose. Finally, the effect of proton irradiation on the optical communication system is simulated and the results show that the bit error rate of the system increases with the increase in irradiation fluence, which seriously affects the sensitivity of the optical communication system.
Ultrasonic gas flow metering in hydrogen-mixed natural gas using Lamb waves
Authors: Ji Shouhu , Jia Guanwei , Xu Weiqing , Zhang Peiyu , Li Rui , Cai Maolin
Published: November 2023

Hydrogen mixing in existing natural gas pipelines efficiently achieves large-scale, long-distance, and low-cost hydrogen delivery. The physical properties of hydrogen and natural gas differ significantly. Hydrogen-mixed natural gas modifies the flow state and thermodynamic properties of the original natural gas in the pipeline. Hydrogen-mixed natural gas can lead to increased errors in ultrasonic flow metering because of the high sound speed and low density of hydrogen. Ultrasonic flowmeter installation distances need to be re-determined. In this study, a Lamb wave non-contact ultrasonic gas flow meter is used to measure the flow of hydrogen-mixed natural gas in a T-type pipeline. The greater the hydrogen mixing ratio, the higher the flow rate of the branch pipeline, and the shorter the installation distance of the ultrasonic flow meter, for example, 10% at 150D, 20% at 110D, and 30% at 20D. The time-difference method with high accuracy and broad applicability is used to calculate the flow rates of COMSOL simulated values. The errors between COMSOL simulation and theoretical flow rates at the shortest installation distance downstream do not exceed 3%. The errors at the position where the mixing uniformity is 80% are significantly higher than those at the shortest installation distance, and the maximum error is about 7.7%. The COMSOL simulation results show the feasibility and accuracy of ultrasonic gas flow metering of hydrogen-mixed natural gas.
Study of pollution accumulation and insulation performance of roof insulators for trains in the coastal environment
Authors: Sun Chuanming , Zhang An , Wang Xiaohong , Xu Wantao , Wu Cong , Yang Chenguang , Yu Zhichao , Guo Yujun
Published: November 2023

The excellent insulation performance of roof insulators is crucial to the reliability of operating trains. The complex environment encountered by trains may cause roof insulator insulation failure, thus affecting the normal operation of the train. The field operation experience shows that during the operation of Hainan CRHAF-A trains, partial arcs are generated frequently on the roof insulators and even flashover accidents occur. In addition, the insulation failure probability of the insulators in the coastal environment is higher than that in other areas, and pollution is an important factor leading to lower insulation performance. Therefore, the pollution accumulation characteristics of roof insulators are investigated and analyzed in this paper. The accumulated pollution simulation model is built based on the operating environment of the train, and the electric field, flow field, and pressure field around the roof insulators are simulated. This has important engineering application and economic value for the study of insulator anti-pollution.
Study on the deformation behavior of AZ31B-O magnesium alloy with the VPSC model
Authors: Cao Diansheng , Zhang Bo
Published: November 2023

The mechanical anisotropy of the magnesium alloy AZ31B-O was investigated using the Viscoplastic-Self-Consistent (VPSC)-Twinning and Detwinning (TDT) model. The anisotropic behavior of the material under uniaxial strain was studied using five distinct sheet orientations. In order to investigate the mechanical behavior under uniaxial compression, four alternative specimen orientations were employed. The VPSC model with the TDT mechanism was used to simulate the uniaxial tension and compression experiments. For tensile strain, the magnesium alloy samples were mainly regulated by base slip and prismatic slip. In compression of magnesium alloy samples, it was dominated by basal slip and {10–12} twinning. In all compression specimens, the grain c-axes are parallel to the compression axis regardless of the initial orientation. The r-values under different uniaxial strain paths have been also predicted by using the VPSC-TDT model. The negative r-values under uniaxial compression along RD to TD were further explained. The contribution of {10–12} twinning to plastic strain and the extra hardening induced by {10–12} extension twinning were discussed in depth. This study confirms that the extra hardening induced by {10–12} extension twinning will perform an important function when the twin volume fraction reaches a degree of about 50% with the active pyramidal slip at the same time.
Generalized Dinesh–Umesh–Sanjay generalized exponential distribution with application to engineering data
Authors: Alrashidi Afaf , Ragab Ibrahim E.
Published: November 2023

Several academics have expanded the generalized exponential distribution. The generalized Dinesh–Umesh–Sanjay generalized exponential (GDUS-GE) distribution with three parameters is introduced. The GDUS-GE distribution outperforms the moment exponential distribution in terms of fit. For numerous GDUS-GE distribution characteristics, exact formulations for ordinary moments, incomplete and conditional moments, the moment generating function, and information measures are discovered. The maximum likelihood approach was used to estimate model parameters. A simulated study was used to explore the estimators’ behavior. Two real-world datasets were used to assess the practical significance of the GDUS-GE distribution. In terms of performance, we demonstrate that the GDUS-GE distribution outperforms all other competing models.
General practice accreditation – does time spent on-site matter?
Authors: Jones Michael , McNaughton David , Mara Paul
Published: November 2023

Background Accreditation to the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners Standards for general practices was developed with the intent of giving assurance to the public as to the safety and quality of general practice. The standards have undergone several iterative changes but have had little empirical validation since the original entry standards. Objective To compare the rate of indicator non-conformity between a full-day survey visit conducted under the 5th edition standards against the half-day visit conducted under the 4th edition standards. Results More non-conformities were identified with the 5th edition standards (full-day visit) with a median 86% met (IQR: 14; n = 926) compared with the 4th edition standards (half-day visit) with a median 95% met (IQR: 7; n = 1687; P < 0.0001; bootstrapped t-test). Discussion The difference in conformity between editions does not appear to relate to different requirements in the two standards editions. The key variable affecting the different outcomes between the edition assessments was time spent on-site by surveyors during a survey visit.
Systematic audit of Australian specialty colleges’ policies on bullying, discrimination, and harassment
Authors: Haskell Thomas , Merridew Nancy
Published: November 2023

Objective To support policy makers and healthcare workers to reduce high rates of bullying, discrimination, and harassment (BDH) that affect doctors in Australian specialty training sites. Methods This audit assessed the quality of policies regarding BDH and associated complaints of the Australian Medical Council-accredited Australasian specialty training Colleges (Colleges). Policies were systematically identified and scored against a national standard BDH policy checklist. Results Fourteen of the 16 Colleges have each written and curated their own BDH policies for their members, with wide variation between Colleges regarding content and processes. This impairs the efficacy of BDH handling in specialty training sites. Conclusions Key areas for improvement were identified. A checklist is proposed that is specific to College BDH policies and processes involving specialty training sites.
Intensive care utilisation after elective surgery in Australia and New Zealand: getting the balance right
Authors: Emerson Philip , Flabouris Arthas , Thomas Josephine , Fernando Jeremy , Senthuran Siva , Sundararajan Krishnaswamy
Published: November 2023

Of the total intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in Australia and New Zealand, 36.6% occur following an elective surgical procedure. How best to use ICU services in this setting is not clear, despite this being an expensive and resource-intensive method of care delivery. The literature relating to this area has not demonstrated a clear association between improved outcomes and routine ICU utilisation. It has, however, demonstrated that methods of care delivery in this setting vary at the local, national and international level. There is now an increased interest in how we can offer safe, efficient care to patients who need ICU-level support after elective surgery, as well as where and when that care can be offered. We had previously performed a literature review relating to ICU utilisation in the elective surgical post-operative setting. This perspective piece arises from this literature review as well as extensive clinical experience from the authors. We discuss the need for a move towards an evidence-based indication for ICU admission and how this may be achieved. We then move on to the various alternative models of care that could be offered, briefly discussing their positives and potential drawbacks. We finish by outlining the research priorities and how these might be implemented in clinical practice. Getting the balance right between ICU admission and higher acuity ward-level care for post-operative elective surgical patients is difficult. However, this is an important challenge that we as a healthcare community must be working to answer.
Low-sugar universal mRNA vaccine against coronavirus variants with deletion of glycosites in the S2 or stem of SARS-CoV-2 spike messenger RNA (mRNA)
Authors: Cheng Cheng-Wei , Wu Chung-Yi , Wang Szu-Wen , Chen Jia-Yan , Kung Chih-Chuan , Liao Kuo-Shiang , Wong Chi-Huey
Published: November 2023

Since the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019, more than 15 million spike protein sequences have been identified, raising a new challenge for the development of a broadly protective vaccine against the various emerging variants. We found that the virus, like most other human viruses, depends on host-made glycans to shield the conserved epitopes on spike protein from immune response and demonstrated that deletion of the glycan shields exposed highly conserved epitopes and elicited broadly protective immune responses. In this study, we identified 17 conserved epitopes from 14 million spike protein sequences and 11 of the conserved epitopes are in the S2 domain, including the six most conserved epitopes in the stem region. We also demonstrated that deletion of the glycosites in the spike messenger RNA (mRNA) S2 domain or the stem region exposed the highly conserved epitopes and elicited broadly protective immune responses, particularly CD-8
+
T cell response against various SARS-CoV-2 variants, and other human coronaviruses including MERS, SARS viruses, and those causing common cold.
“Does being pretty help?”
Authors: Cohen-Achdut Miri , Shor Leon
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes debut interviews of female Israeli politicians, in which the interviewees are faced with
questions or statements that imply that their gender, ethnicity or background prevent them from fulfilling their function as
politicians successfully, in accordance with the “Gendered mediation thesis” (GoodYear-Grant
2013). We focus on the interviewees’ responses to these questions, and particularly on how grammatically negative
utterances are deployed in the service of coping with the presuppositions directed at them. The analysis indicates that the
negative utterances do not carry the full weight of rejection of implied presuppositions. Moreover, in some cases negative
utterances are used by the speakers as part of a hedging strategy. By describing the role of negation in debut interviews of
female Israeli politicians, the paper aims to advance a more comprehensive understanding of linguistic patterns used by women, and
other silenced groups, to cope with biased representation.
An Eulerian finite element method for tangential Navier-Stokes equations on evolving surfaces
Authors: Olshanskii Maxim , Reusken Arnold , Schwering Paul
Published: November 2023

The paper introduces a geometrically unfitted finite element method for the numerical solution of the tangential Navier–Stokes equations posed on a passively evolving smooth closed surface embedded in

R

3

\mathbb {R}^3

. The discrete formulation employs finite difference and finite elements methods to handle evolution in time and variation in space, respectively. A complete numerical analysis of the method is presented, including stability, optimal order convergence, and quantification of the geometric errors. Results of numerical experiments are also provided.
Criteria for the ampleness of certain vector bundles
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Pingali Vamsi
Published: November 2023

We prove that certain vector bundles over surfaces are ample if they are so when restricted to divisors, certain numerical criteria hold, and they are semistable (with respect to

det
(
E
)

\det (E)

). This result is a higher-rank version of a theorem of Schneider and Tancredi for vector bundles of rank two over surfaces. We also provide counterexamples indicating that our theorem is sharp.
Chromatic quasisymmetric functions and noncommutative 𝑃-symmetric functions
Authors: Hwang Byung-Hak
Published: November 2023

For a natural unit interval order

P
P

, we describe proper colorings of the incomparability graph of

P
P

in the language of heaps. We also introduce a combinatorial operation, called a local flip, on the heaps. This operation defines an equivalence relation on the proper colorings, and the equivalence relation refines the ascent statistic introduced by Shareshian and Wachs.

In addition, we define an analogue of noncommutative symmetric functions introduced by Fomin and Greene, with respect to

P
P

. We establish a duality between the chromatic quasisymmetric function of

P
P

and these noncommutative symmetric functions. This duality leads us to positive expansions of the chromatic quasisymmetric functions into several symmetric function bases. In particular, we present some partial results for the

e
e

-positivity conjecture.
Characterizing phonemic fluency by transfer learning with deep language models
Authors: Mole Joe , Nelson Amy , Chan Edgar , Cipolotti Lisa , Nachev Parashkev
Published: November 2023

Though phonemic fluency tasks are traditionally indexed by the number of correct responses, the underlying disorder may shape the specific choice of words—both correct and erroneous. We report the first comprehensive qualitative analysis of incorrect and correct words generated on the phonemic (‘S’) fluency test, in a large sample of patients (n = 239) with focal, unilateral frontal or posterior lesions and healthy controls (n = 136). We conducted detailed qualitative analyses of the single words generated in the phonemic fluency task using categorical descriptions for different types of errors, low-frequency words and clustering/switching. We further analysed patients’ and healthy controls’ entire sequences of words by employing stochastic block modelling of Generative Pretrained Transformer 3–based deep language representations. We conducted predictive modelling to investigate whether deep language representations of word sequences improved the accuracy of detecting the presence of frontal lesions using the phonemic fluency test. Our qualitative analyses of the single words generated revealed several novel findings. For the different types of errors analysed, we found a non-lateralized frontal effect for profanities, left frontal effects for proper nouns and permutations and a left posterior effect for perseverations. For correct words, we found a left frontal effect for low-frequency words. Our novel large language model–based approach found five distinct communities whose varied word selection patterns reflected characteristic demographic and clinical features. Predictive modelling showed that a model based on Generative Pretrained Transformer 3–derived word sequence representations predicted the presence of frontal lesions with greater fidelity than models of native features. Our study reveals a characteristic pattern of phonemic fluency responses produced by patients with frontal lesions. These findings demonstrate the significant inferential and diagnostic value of characterizing qualitative features of phonemic fluency performance with large language models and stochastic block modelling.
Case report: high-dose carvedilol as a potential key drug for arrhythmias in histiocytoid cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yoshida Rei , Sakaguchi Heima , Kato Yoshiaki , Kurosaki Kenichi
Published: November 2023

Background

Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy is a rare infancy cardiac disorder manifesting as severe cardiac arrhythmias or dilated cardiomyopathy. There is no specific treatment for these arrhythmias. This is the first report of infantile histiocytoid cardiomyopathy whose refractory ventricular arrhythmias were successfully controlled by high-dose carvedilol.

Case summary

A 4-month-old girl presented with asystole, and recurrent ventricular tachycardias. From the histological findings and clinical symptoms, she was diagnosed as histiocytoid cardiomyopathy. Sedatives were the most effective therapy for her arrhythmia, but the cardiac sympathetic denervation was not effective enough. Finally, her ventricular arrhythmias were controlled with high-dose carvedilol, and she was discharged on hospitalization Day 393.

Discussion

Carvedilol is the only beta blocker that directly acts on the ryanodine receptor (RyR2) and inhibits store-overload-induced Ca2+ release (SOICR) in myocardium at high dosage. The arrhythmias did not disappear with bisoprolol, landiolol, or verapamil, but high-dose carvedilol was effective. This clinical course suggested that the arrhythmias in histiocytoid cardiomyopathy might be related with SOICR. High-dose carvedilol might be a key drug for patients with histiocytoid cardiomyopathy.
Optimal Non-Gaussian Dvoretzky–Milman Embeddings
Authors: Bartl Daniel , Mendelson Shahar
Published: November 2023

We construct the first non-gaussian ensemble that yields the optimal estimate in the Dvoretzky–Milman Theorem: the ensemble exhibits almost Euclidean sections in arbitrary normed spaces of the same dimension as the gaussian embedding—despite being very far from gaussian (in fact, it happens to be heavy-tailed).