bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanism Analysis and Process Inversion of the “7.26” Landslide in the West Open-Pit Mine of Fushun, China
Authors: Meng Huajun , Wu Jihuan , Zhang Chunshan , Wu Kungang
Published: July 2023

Mine landslides are geological disasters with the highest frequency and cause the greatest harm worldwide. This typically causes significant casualties and damage to property. The study of the formation mechanisms and kinematic processes of mine landslides is important for the prevention and control of mine geological disasters and mine production safety. This study examined the “7.26” landslide, which occurred in the West Open-pit Mine of Fushun, China, in 2016, based on detailed investigations, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) monitoring, and numerical simulations. The mechanism of landslide formation was explored, its kinematic process was inverted, and its disaster evolution process was summarized. The results indicate that: (1) For the formation mechanism of the “7.26” landslide, in July 2015, the old sliding mass was reactivated and deformed along the dominant joints in the shale. The following year, owing to continuous rainfall during the rainy season, the sliding surface accelerated its connection. Finally, a rainstorm on 25–26 July 2016, triggered slope instability. (2) The process of continued movement after landslide instability was approximately 250 s. It can be divided into the landslide initiation (0–10 s), collision scraping (10–150 s), and accumulation stages (150–250 s). (3) The entire process of landslide disasters includes four stages. During the weak-deformation stage, the maximum deformation of the sliding mass monitored by InSAR was approximately 50 mm. During the strong deformation stage, the tensile cracks at the rear edge of the landslide continued to expand, and shear outlets at the front edge had already formed. During the instability and failure stages, rainstorms trigger slope instability, leading to landslides. During the sliding accumulation stage, the landslide mass transformed into debris flow along the slope surface and accumulated at the bottom of the pit. This study provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent evaluation, treatment, monitoring, and warning of landslides in the Fushun West Open-pit Mine and other deep excavation open-pit mines.
Effect of Gradation Characteristics and Particle Morphology on Internal Erosion of Sandy Gravels: A Large-Scale Experimental Study
Authors: Deng Zezhi , Chen Xiangshan , Jin Wei , Wang Gang
Published: July 2023

Internal erosion refers to the seepage-induced fine particle migration phenomenon in soil. Deep alluviums in valleys usually contain cohesionless gap-graded sandy gravels with poor internal stability. The construction of embankment dams on such alluviums could pose a high risk of internal erosion. This study systematically investigated the internal erosion of cohesionless gap-graded sandy gravels with an emphasis on the effects of gradation characteristics and particle morphology. A series of large-scale internal erosion tests were conducted on gap-graded sandy gravels with different gap ratios, fines contents, and coarse particle morphologies under the surcharge pressure of 1 MPa. The internal erosion characteristics, including soil permeability, eroded soil mass, and soil deformation during the erosion process were comparatively analyzed in combination with a meso-mechanism interpretation. The results show that the increase of the gap ratio can reduce the internal stability of soil and promote the mechanical instability. Fines content affected the permeability and internal stability of soil by altering the filling state of inter-granular pores and the constraints on fine particles. Coarse particles with higher roundness, sphericity, and smoothness can facilitate the movement of fine particles and promote the mechanical instability of the soil matrix.
Comparative Analysis of Tree-Based Ensemble Learning Algorithms for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: A Case Study in Rize, Turkey
Authors: Yavuz Ozalp Ayse , Akinci Halil , Zeybek Mustafa
Published: July 2023

The Eastern Black Sea Region is regarded as the most prone to landslides in Turkey due to its geological, geographical, and climatic characteristics. Landslides in this region inflict both fatalities and significant economic damage. The main objective of this study was to create landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs) using tree-based ensemble learning algorithms for the Ardeşen and Fındıklı districts of Rize Province, which is the second-most-prone province in terms of landslides within the Eastern Black Sea Region, after Trabzon. In the study, Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), CatBoost, and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were used as tree-based machine learning algorithms. Thus, comparing the prediction performances of these algorithms was established as the second aim of the study. For this purpose, 14 conditioning factors were used to create LMSs. The conditioning factors are: lithology, altitude, land cover, aspect, slope, slope length and steepness factor (LS-factor), plan and profile curvatures, tree cover density, topographic position index, topographic wetness index, distance to drainage, distance to roads, and distance to faults. The total data set, which includes landslide and non-landslide pixels, was split into two parts: training data set (70%) and validation data set (30%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) method was used to evaluate the prediction performances of the models. The AUC values showed that the CatBoost (AUC = 0.988) had the highest prediction performance, followed by XGBoost (AUC = 0.987), RF (AUC = 0.985), and GBM (ACU = 0.975) algorithms. Although the AUC values of the models were close to each other, the CatBoost performed slightly better than the other models. These results showed that especially CatBoost and XGBoost models can be used to reduce landslide damages in the study area.
Evaluation of Water Quality Index (WQI) in and around Dhaka City Using Groundwater Quality Parameters
Authors: Ahsan Amimul , Ahmed Tahmeed , Uddin M. Alhaz , Al-Sulttani Ali O. , Shafiquzzaman M. , Islam M. Rashedul , Ahmed M. Sabbir , Alamin  , Mohadesh M. , Haque M. Nazmul , Al-Mutiry Motrih , Masria Ali
Published: July 2023

Groundwater quality deterioration due to anthropogenic natural activities and its immense utilization in various sectors is considered a great concern. The aim of this study is to determine the groundwater quality parameters at various sources in and around Dhaka city and compare them with Bangladesh drinking water standards. In this study, six groundwater quality parameters (pH, DO, COD, TS, TDS, and arsenic) and ten groundwater samples are analyzed to determine the water quality. The collected samples have maximum and minimum pH values of 6.9 and 6.4, respectively. Maximum and minimum DO values are 0.3 and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. The arsenic concentration is 0 mg/L for all collected groundwater samples. The maximum and minimum COD values are 0.3 and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. The maximum and minimum TS values are 4 and 1 mg/L, respectively. The obtained values are then compared with the Bangladesh drinking water quality standards. Finally, the water quality index (WQI) values are calculated to determine the suitable uses of groundwater in and around Dhaka city. Based on WQI values, the groundwater quality is excellent in the study area.
Dynamics of the Seawater Carbonate System in the East Siberian Sea: The Diversity of Driving Forces
Authors: Pipko Irina , Pugach Svetlana , Semiletov Igor , Konstantinov Oleg
Published: July 2023

The East Siberian Sea (ESS) is a large and the shallowest part of the Arctic Ocean. It is characterized by high biogeochemical activity, but the seawater carbonate system remains understudied, especially during the late autumn season. Data from the research vessel (RV) “Professor Multanovsky” cruise were used to assess the dynamics of the seawater carbonate system, air–sea CO2 fluxes, and the calcium carbonate corrosive waters in the two biogeochemical provinces of the ESS shortly before freeze-up. The ESS waters were mainly a sink for atmospheric CO2 due to the limited dispersion of river waters, autumn water cooling, and phytoplankton blooms in its eastern autotrophic province. The mean value of the CO2 air–sea flux was 11.2 mmol m−2 day−1. The rate of CO2 uptake in the eastern ESS was an order of magnitude larger than that in the western ESS. The specific waters and ice cover dynamics determined intensive photosynthesis processes identified on the eastern shelf and in the northern deep oligotrophic waters. A part of the surface and most of the bottom ESS waters were corrosive with respect to calcium carbonate, with the lowest saturation state of aragonite (0.22) in the bottom layer of the eastern ESS. The eastern ESS was the main source of these waters into the deep basin. The observed export of corrosive shelf waters to the deep sea can have a potential impact on the ocean water ecosystem in the case of mixing with layers inhabited by calcifying organisms.
Improved Fine-Scale Tropical Forest Cover Mapping for Southeast Asia Using Planet-NICFI and Sentinel-1 Imagery
Authors: Yang Feng , Jiang Xin , Ziegler Alan D. , Estes Lyndon D. , Wu Jin , Chen Anping , Ciais Philippe , Wu Jie , Zeng Zhenzhong
Published: July 2023

The accuracy of existing forest cover products typically suffers from “rounding” errors arising from classifications that estimate the fractional cover of forest in each pixel, which often exclude the presence of large, isolated trees and small or narrow forest clearings, and is primarily attributable to the moderate resolution of the imagery used to make maps. However, the degree to which such high-resolution imagery can mitigate this problem, and thereby improve large-area forest cover maps, is largely unexplored. Here, we developed an approach to map tropical forest cover at a fine scale using Planet and Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery in the Google Earth Engine platform and used it to map all of Southeastern Asia’s forest cover. The machine learning approach, based on the Random Forests models and trained and validated using a total of 37,345 labels collected from Planet imagery across the entire region, had an accuracy of 0.937 and an F1 score of 0.942, while a version based only on Planet imagery had an accuracy of 0.908 and F1 of 0.923. We compared the accuracy of our resulting maps with 5 existing forest cover products derived from medium-resolution optical-only or combined optical-SAR approaches at 3,000 randomly selected locations. We found that our approach overall achieved higher accuracy and helped minimize the rounding errors commonly found along small or narrow forest clearings and deforestation frontiers where isolated trees are common. However, the forest area estimates varied depending on topographic location and showed smaller differences in highlands (areas >300 m above sea level) but obvious differences in complex lowland landscapes. Overall, the proposed method shows promise for monitoring forest changes, particularly those caused by deforestation frontiers. Our study also represents one of the most extensive applications of Planet imagery to date, resulting in an open, high-resolution map of forest cover for the entire Southeastern Asia region.
Total and Minimum Energy Efficiency Tradeoff in Robust Multigroup Multicast Satellite Communications
Authors: Jiang Bin , Yan Yingchun , Zhao Jingjing , Xiao Xiang , You Li , Zhang Di , Lei Jizhao , Wang Kezhi , Wang Wenjin , Gao Xiqi
Published: July 2023

Satellite communication is an indispensable part of future wireless communications given its global coverage and long-distance propagation. In satellite communication systems, channel acquisition and energy consumption are two critical issues. To this end, we investigate the tradeoff between the total energy efficiency (TEE) and minimum EE (MEE) for robust multigroup multicast satellite communication systems in this paper. Specifically, under the total power constraint, we investigate the robust beamforming aimed at balancing the TEE-MEE, so as to achieve the balance between the fairness and total performance on the system EE. For this optimization problem, we first model the balancing problem as a nonconvex problem while deriving its approximate closed-form average user rate. Then, the nonconvex problem is handled by solving convex programs sequentially with the help of the semidefinite relaxation and the concave-convex procedure. In addition, depending on the solution rank value, Gaussian randomization and eigenvalue decomposition method are applied to generate the feasible solutions. Finally, simulation results illustrate that the proposed approach can effectively achieve the balance between the TEE and MEE, thus realizing a tradeoff between fairness and system EE performance. It is also indicated that the proposed robust approach outperforms the conventional baselines in terms of EE performance.
Integrated Care Policies and Politics in Belgium: Conceptual, Contextual and Governance Linkages for More Effective Integrated Care Policy Management Comment on "Integration or Fragmentation of Health Care? Examining Policies and Politics in a Belgian Case Study"
Authors: Macq Jean
Published: July 2023

The study on the management of integrated care (IC) policies in Belgium from Martens et al illustrates the complex process of the political and stakeholder game in a country whose governance is changing as a result of successive state reforms. We argue that the way forward for putting health back at the centre of IC policy design and management is to improve three types of connections. First, the conceptual connections should help to articulate the different IC policies into a coherent overall picture. Second, contextual connections should allow for the adaptation of policies to different country contexts. This requires a new form of governance, ie, a place-based and adaptive form of governance. This can be developed, provided that a third connection, between the different levels of governance, is fully revised.
Quality and Utility of European Cardiovascular and Orthopaedic Registries for the Regulatory Evaluation of Medical Device Safety and Performance Across the Implant Lifecycle: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hoogervorst Lotje A. , Geurkink Timon H. , Lübbeke Anne , Buccheri Sergio , Schoones Jan W. , Torre Marina , Laricchiuta Paola , Piscoi Paul , Pedersen Alma B. , Gale Chris P. , Smith James A. , Maggioni Aldo P. , James Stefan , Fraser Alan G. , Nelissen Rob G.H.H. , Marang-van de Mheen Perla J.
Published: July 2023

Background: The European Union Medical Device Regulation (MDR) requires manufacturers to undertake post-market clinical follow-up (PMCF) to assess the safety and performance of their devices following approval and Conformité Européenne (CE) marking. The quality and reliability of device registries for this Regulation have not been reported. As part of the Coordinating Research and Evidence for Medical Devices (CORE-MD) project, we identified and reviewed European cardiovascular and orthopaedic registries to assess their structures, methods, and suitability as data sources for regulatory purposes. Methods: Regional, national and multi-country European cardiovascular (coronary stents and valve repair/replacement) and orthopaedic (hip/knee prostheses) registries were identified using a systematic literature search. Annual reports, peer-reviewed publications, and websites were reviewed to extract publicly available information for 33 items related to structure and methodology in six domains and also for reported outcomes. Results: Of the 20 cardiovascular and 26 orthopaedic registries fulfilling eligibility criteria, a median of 33% (IQR: 14%-71%) items for cardiovascular and 60% (IQR: 28%-100%) items for orthopaedic registries were reported, with large variation across domains. For instance, no cardiovascular and 16 (62%) orthopaedic registries reported patient/ procedure-level completeness. No cardiovascular and 5 (19%) orthopaedic registries reported outlier performances of devices, but each with a different outlier definition. There was large heterogeneity in reporting on items, outcomes, definitions of outcomes, and follow-up durations. Conclusion: European cardiovascular and orthopaedic device registries could improve their potential as data sources for regulatory purposes by reaching consensus on standardised reporting of structural and methodological characteristics to judge the quality of the evidence as well as outcomes.
Criteria for Judging the Illegality of Restrained Transaction under the Fair Transactions in Franchise Business Act: focusing on the ʻEssential Itemsʼ
Authors:   LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Kim Jangkwon , Lee Dongwon
Published: July 2023

In a franchise business, the franchise fee is not only a necessary condition for establishing a franchise agreement between the franchisor and the franchisee, but also a key factor that maintains the franchise system and determines the success or failure of the business. Essential items are items that require franchisees to purchase from the franchisor or a person designated by the franchisor in order to maintain a unified image and the same quality of the franchise business. In general, in case of violation, disadvantages such as suspension of product supply or refusal to extend the contract are provided. Although the designation of these essential items and the receipt of the difference in franchise fee are not illegal as they have legal grounds, disputes related to excessive profits and essential items continue to occur. Therefore, the franchisor has an incentive to designate non-essential items as essential items in order to maintain a unified image and the same quality of franchise business. On the contrary, if the majority of raw and subsidiary materials are individually purchased by franchisees, the existence of the franchise business itself by the franchise headquarters may become impossible. However, it is not easy to review whether all essential items are illegal. Therefore, in order to resolve disputes and conflicts between franchisors and franchisees, it is necessary to closely review them by referring to adequate court decisions and precedents. In order for the franchisor to select essential items, it would be desirable to select them individually by considering the nature, characteristics, use, and function of each item, rather than applying a uniform standard for each item type. First of all, this paper proposes that the franchisors provide franchisees with proper and adequate scope of essential items for business operation. The basic concept and legal issues will be explained in Section 2. Secondly, among the unfair acts that may occur after being designated as essential items, the illegality requirements and related precedents of restrictive transactions under the Franchise Business Act will be reviewed in Section 3. Through this, it aims to clarify the standards for the requirements for determining illegality in relation to essential items to market participants, such as franchisors and franchisees, and contribute to reducing unnecessary disputes and conflicts that may occur in the course of that business.
Legal Problems on Value Reevaluation of Currently Listed Drugs from the Perspective of the Administrative Law
Authors:   LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Yi Goog Hyun
Published: July 2023

According to the result of Value Reevaluation of Currently Listed Drugs, it is possible to adjust the notice of Drug Pricing List and the notice of Pharmaceutical Method. The Problem of determining the legal nature of these notices becomes more difficult due to its legal nature, which are open to administrative adjudication and rulemaking. By examining the laws underlying these notices, it was identified what kind of administrative action was expected to be included in these notices. And its legal nature was reviewed according to the direct subject of regulation, the case of discipline, and the person of discipline. As a result, it was determined that the notice of Drug Pricing List regarding a specific drug corresponds to a administrative adjudication, and the notice of Pharmaceutical Method regarding a specific drug corresponds to administrative rulemaking. Furhermore, these notices are subject to administrative litigation. However, the fundamental cause of these difficult problems is that the National Health Insurance Act does not adhere to the non-delegation doctrine. In addition, the inclusive attitude of the theories and precedents that made this possible also played a role. Therefore, it is necessary to go back to the principles and solve the problem.
Practical operation and Supplementary points of the Stalking Punishment Law: Focusing on Stalking Interpretation and Interrogation System Operation
Authors:   LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Park Jae-Pyoung
Published: July 2023

Stalking crime is a crime that causes severe mental and physical damage to the victim to the extent that normal daily life is difficult. There is a very high possibility that it can develop into a violent crime that threatens the body or life. Korea's stalking punishment law distinguishes and stipulates the stalking act and the stalking crime under the premise of prompt and preliminary prevention of the victim, and has provisions to take certain temporary measures against the stalker. From the viewpoint of victim protection against stalking, more flexible legislation and interpretation are required, and similar trends are observed in other countries' legislation. From a procedural aspect, provisional measures operated to protect victims are considered administrative action (police action) or quasi-judicial action, which must consider not only legitimacy but also purpose. So we need to operate more carefully. Nevertheless, even though there is no interrogation system in the stalking punishment law, setting up an interrogation system as an internal regulation, not a law, is contrary to the reservation principle of the law called the reservation of the National Assembly. If necessary, it is reasonable to review the introduction of the system through legislation through a resolution by the National Assembly.
SUKSESKAN “SEHAT NEGERIKU” PROGRAM BULAN IMUNISASI ANAK NASIONAL 2022 (BIAN) DI WILAYAH KELURAHAN MANGUNHARJO SEMARANG
Authors: Munafiah Durrotun , Mujahidah Sa'adah
Published: July 2023

Kementerian Kesehatan mencanangkan Bulan Imunisasi Anak Nasional (BIAN) 2022, Kegiatan ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan pemahaman kepada seluruh masyarakat akan pentingnya pelaksanaan Bulan Imunisasi Anak Nasional mempertahankan Indonesia Bebas Polio dan mewujudkan Dunia Bebas Polio pada tahun 2026 serta mencegah terjadinya Kejadian Luar Biasa PD3I lainnya. Universitas Karya Husada Semarang salah satu Universitas yang memiliki Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kesehatan juga terlibat dalam mensukseskan program pemerintah BIAN 2022 tersebut dengan tridhama perguruan tinggi yaitu pengabdian kepada masyarakat dalam hal ini dosen khususnya yang praktik mandiri dan mahasiswa pada dan bekerjasama PKM Kedungmundu dan posyandu Harapan Sejahtera, kelurahan Mangunharjo. Kegiatan ini dengan harapannya, 100 % anak di Kota Semarang diimunisasi lengkap karena imunisasi merupakan langkah penting melindungi anak-anak dari berbagai penyakit pada usia tertentu sesuai jenis vaksin yang diberikan, sehingga anak anak akan sehat dan ceria. Kegiatan berjalan lancar sesuai dengan target pencapaian.Kata Kunci: anak; imunisasi; suksesTHE SUCCESS OF THE “HEALTHY COUNTRY” 2022 NATIONAL CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION MONTH (BIAN) PROGRAM IN THE MANGUNHARJO VILLAGE AREA, SEMARANGAbstract  The Ministry of Health has launched the National Child Immunization Month (BIAN) 2022, this activity is carried out to increase awareness and understanding to the entire community of the importance of implementing the National Child Immunization Month to maintain Polio-Free Indonesia and realize a Polio-Free World in 2026 and prevent other PD3I Extraordinary Events. . Karya Husada University Semarang, one of the universities that has the Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences is also involved in the success of the 2022 BIAN government program with the tridhama of higher education, namely community service, in this case lecturers, especially those who practice independently and students at and in collaboration with PKM Kedungmundu and Posyandu Harapan Sejahtera. , Mangunharjo village. It is hoped that 100% of children in Semarang City will be fully immunized because immunization is an important step to protect children from various diseases at a certain age according to the type of vaccine given, so that children will be healthy and happy. Activities run smoothly in accordance with the achievement targets. Keywords: : child; immunization; success
GERAKAN PENCEGAHAN MENUJU BEBAS HIPERTENSI PADA LANSIA DI KELURAHAN CELLU
Authors: Mandaty Fhandy Aldy , Agusman MM Fery , Megawati Megawati
Published: July 2023

Hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan global pada lansia dengan angka kejadian yang tinggi. Umumnya penatalaksanaan lansia hipertensi hanya berorientasi pada metode farmakologi yaitu pemberian obat-obatan anti hipertensi. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu mencegah kejadian hipertensi pada lansia. Pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat berupa pemberian pendidikan kesehatan tentang hipertensi dan pemeriksaan kesehatan. Kegiatan ini berientasi dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan pada lansia. Kegiatan ini juga didukung oleh peran aktif Kader Posyandu Lansia setempat dan petugas kesehatan dari Puskesmas Bajoe. Kegiatan dilakukan di Balai Pertemuan Puskesmas Bajoe pada tanggal 22 November 2022 dan diikuti oleh 30 lansia dengan variatif masalah kesehatan, dimana sebagian besar (60%) peserta kegiatan merupakan kategori lansia akhir. Pengukuran selama kegiatan ditemukan sebagian besar lansia memiliki IMT kategori normal dan gemuk (67,34%), memiliki pengetahuan cukup (43,33%) dan memiliki motivasi baik (63,33%). Rencana tindak lanjut dan evaluasi telah disampaikan kepada kader Posyandu Lansia dan Petugas Kesehatan dari Puskesmas Bajoe untuk melakukan controling terhadap status hipertensi lansia. Kata Kunci: hipertensi; lansia; pencegahanPREVENTION MOVEMENT TOWARDS FREE OF HYPERTENSION IN ELDERLY IN CELLU VILLAGEAbstract  Hypertension is a global health problem in the elderly with a high incidence. Generally, the management of elderly hypertension is only oriented towards pharmacological methods such as give anti-hypertensive drugs. The purpose of this community service is to prevent the incidence of hypertension in the elderly. Implementation of community service in the form of providing health education about hypertension and health checks. This activity is oriented by using an approach to the elderly. This activity was also supported by the active role of the local Posyandu Cadres and health workers from the Bajoe Health Center. The activity was carried out at the Bajoe Health Center Meeting Hall on November 22 2022 and was attended by 30 elderly people with various health problems, where most (60%) of the activity participants were in the late elderly category. Measurements during the activity found that most of the elderly had normal and obese BMI categories (67.34%), had sufficient knowledge (43.33%) and had good motivation (63.33%). Follow-up and evaluation plans have been submitted to the cadres of the Elderly Posyandu and health workers from the Bajoe Health Center to control the hypertension status of the elderly. Keywords: elderly; hypertension; prevention
Elektrikli Araç Teknolojisinde Kullanılan Kurşun Asit ve Li-iyon Bataryaların Galvanostatik Test Sonuçlarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: BALCİ Esra , GÜNDÜZ Gürkan , ALTUNDAĞ Sebahat , ALTIN Serdar
Published: July 2023

Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının sürekliliğini sağlamak ve içten yanmalı motorlar yerine elektrikli araçların kullanılması çevre ve yaşam kalitesini direk etkilemektedir. Farklı metaller katkılanarak geliştirilmesi amaçlanan bataryalar üzerinde çalışmalar hala sürmektedir. Yüksek performans sergileyen ve uzun hizmet ömrü sunabilen bataryalar günümüzde her alanda talep edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Li-iyon bataryalar ve kurşun-asit aküler hakkında genel bilgilendirme sunulması hedeflenmiştir. Pillerin elektrokimyasal davranışlarının analizi galvanostatik yöntem kullanılarak (100 çevrimde; sabit akım altında) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hazır üretim olan pillerin; kapasite-döngü sayıları ile şarj-deşarj eğrileri incelendiğinde; Li-iyon türü batarya grubunda yer alan pilin (Sony VTC5) daha yüksek kapasite sergileyerek daha uzun hizmet ömrü sunacağını göstermiştir.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Coniferyl Aldehyde Derivatives as Potential Anticancer and Antioxidant Agents
Authors: Ismail Worood H. , Abusara Osama H. , Ikhmais Balqis , Abul-Futouh Hassan , Sunoqrot Suhair , Ibrahim Ali I. M.
Published: July 2023

Natural products are known to exhibit antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. Among these natural products is cinnamon which contains cinnamaldehyde. Cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives have been reported to have anticancer and antioxidant activities. Coniferyl aldehyde, a non-cytotoxic compound and a cinnamaldehyde derivative, has also been shown to have anticancer activity. In this study, several derivatives of coniferyl aldehyde were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer and antioxidant activities. Compounds 1, 2, 4, and 8-11 showed cytotoxic activity against H1299 cell line, a non-small cell lung cancer cells, with 4 being the most potent with IC50 value of 6.7 μM. The antioxidant assay experiment showed that compounds 1, 2, and 4 resulted in half the scavenging activity of vitamin C at all tested concentrations. The coniferyl aldehyde itself showed dose-dependent antioxidant activity, with a proposed free radical stabilization mechanism. Thus, our study showed that the synthesized coniferyl aldehyde derivatives exhibit anticancer and antioxidant activities, which might act as potential therapeutic agents.
A Comparative Study of in Vitro Lipoxygenase Inhibition and DPPH (1, 1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl) Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Silybum marianum and [Notobasis syriaca (L.) Cass.] Fruits and Linum usitatisimum Seeds
Authors: Alshieka M. , Jandali R. , Agha Mohammad Isam Hasan
Published: July 2023

Silybum marianum and Notobasis Syriaca belong to the most widespread thorny plants in the Middle East, the Mediterranean, and large areas of Asia. Both plants are derived from the Asteraceae family, while Flax seed (Linum usitatissmum L.) is belong to the family of Linaceae.

The aim of this study was to compare the scavenging activity of free radicals, and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the fruit in vitro compared with flax seed. Methanol and ethanol extracts were prepared and the activity of scavenging free radicals was studied using DPPH, and the anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in-vitro using soybean lipoxygenase, in comparison with quercetin and Lignin as standards.

The fruit extract from Notobasis Syriaca has the highest capacity to scavenge free radical DPPH (IC50=22.1 μg/ml), and it has higher ability to inhibit soybean lipoxygenase in-vitro (IC50= 2.7 μg/ml) than fruit extract from Silybum marianum (IC50= 9.8 μg/ml). This study showed that Silybum marianum and Notobasis Syriaca have a high ability to scavenge free radicals; and that both plants possess anti-inflammatory properties, while the scavenging potential of free radicals expressed in terms of IC50 (μg/ml) of flax seed showed extraction with a mixture of equal volumes of diethyl ether and ethyl acetate after direct acid hydrolysis exhibited higher antioxidant capacity (IC50=22.257±0.095 μg/ml). The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated according to the LOX enzyme inhibitory method. The IC50 value of a mixture of equal volumes of diethyl ether and ethyl acetate after direct acid hydrolysis extract of flaxseeds is 73.689±0.585 μg/ml.

As final conclusion it was found that flax seed extract has the highest anti-inflammatory activity.
Identification and Separation of the Degradation Products of Vildagliptin Tablets and Raw Material using LC-MS and NMR, and then Exploration of the Corresponding Degradation Pathways
Authors: Alqudah Enas , Abbadi Malak , Alqadoomi Sawsan , Abo Hameda Ibtihal , Arar Sharif , Sweidan Kamal
Published: July 2023

A gradient high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of vildagliptin related substances. This method is based on using of RP-C18 (250 × 4.6 mm×5µm) and gradient elution with phosphate buffer and methanol as mobile phase. Various forced degradation studies were conducted to establish an impurity profile for vildagliptin in the tablet formula. Three degradation products were produced upon exposing vildagliptin to different degradation conditions (acidic, basic, oxidative, photolytic, aqueous and thermal); their structures were characterized using LC-MS and NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR and DEPT) techniques. Some excipient components, examined in this study, had major effect towards producing any extra new degradation products.
Development and Physiochemical Characteristics of Vitamin C-loaded Microneedles
Authors: Aborayya Raffa , Abu kwaik Amani , Aladhami Yasmeen , Naser Mais , Tarawneh Ola , Hamed Rania
Published: July 2023

Vitamin C, ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin that is considered as one of the most potent antioxidant agent. It delays early skin aging, protects against harmful free radicals, improves wrinkles appearance under-eye circles, and reduces redness and hyperpigmentation. One of the most common way to deliver vitamin C to the body’s tissue is through skin layers. Nevertheless, the effect of such ingredient might be limited due to the stratum corneum barrier which decreases the ability to reach the site of action. In this study, we provide an innovative strategy of utilization dissolving microneedles (MNs) to enhance skin-drug delivery system and overcome problems associated with the conventional formulations. A delivery system of micro-molds which provide a diverse range of three-dimensional (3D) MNs were used for the fabrication of vitamin C patches. Vitamin C MNs were examined for mechanical force tolerance, drug ‎release, dimensional evaluation, dissolution, insertion, and permeation tests‎. Drug, polymers, and stabilizers were mixed at different ratios. Hydrogels were filled into the molds, centrifuged and left for air dry for 24-48 h. Appearance was visualized under light ‎microscope. Patches were analyzed to determine percent assay of drug loaded, mechanical ‎force, and penetration through the skin. The amount of vitamin C loaded into MNs was found to be 102%. MNs were easily inserted and dissolved through skin within 30 s. The dissolution rate of MNs were tested by using rat ‎skin to determine the release of vitamin C ‎within several time intervals. The in vitro release of ‎vitamin C loaded MNs showed cumulative release percentage up to 70% in 9-10 ‎h. Therefore, MNs as dermal drug delivery system was successfully developed, providing ‎efficient release of vitamin C through the skin.
THE YEMENI ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCED THE CULTURE IN THE TOWER HOUSE IN BAB AL YEMEN, SANA’A
Authors: Abd Hamid Abu Bakar , Ismail Muhammad Danial , Al-Awjari Reem Abdullah Hames
Published: July 2023

This paper study on the traditional tower house in Old City Sana’a as known as Bab al Yemen. It focusing how the local context with lifestyle and culture determine the traditional architecture and design in Bab al Yemen and different regions of Yemen and Arab regions, according to nature, climatic conditions, culture, traditional values, and native knowledge. Overview for architecture and design during the twentieth century, civilisation and the Islam perspective in the Arab region, and selected the traditional tower house in Yemen as a case study. In addition to the analysis the traditional tower house form and layout in Sana’a city, the design and elements of the house; spatial organization, construction systems and building materials, and window openings included ornaments patterns. The study summarises the aspects of lifestyle and culture in the traditional house as an ancient traditional knowledge for character of architecture and design. In conclusion, the traditional tower house in Bab al Yemen, designed according to the local context and indigenous traditional knowledge, have influenced traditional tower house architecture; the house elements and design satisfies the lifestyle and culture aspects. This includes design aspects related to the house layout, the application of traditional design, the traditional building material, the Islamic values in house design, the exterior appearance of the house and lifestyle aspect. heritage and indigenous traditional knowledge toward sustainable architecture.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATHS ANXIETY, ATTITUDE TOWARDS MATHEMATICS AND MATHS PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN KEDAH
Authors: Alias Zulianis , Jafar Mohd Fairuz , Kasim Marini
Published: July 2023

Pupils in primary schools faced as much daunting and foreboding experiences in Maths. Maths anxiety and attitude towards Mathematics are psychological indicator of poor Maths problem solving skills. This study investigated the relationship between Maths anxiety, attitude towards Maths and Maths problem-solving skills among primary pupils in Kedah state. A questionnaire was developed based on Math Anxiety Questionnaire Children, Attitudes Towards Problem-Solving Skills and a Mathematical problem-solving test administered to 450 primary school pupils. Data were analysed using IBM Statistics and Smart-PLS version 4 software. Results indicated that Maths anxiety and attitude towards Mathematics had a direct influence on Math problem solving.. This research highlighted Maths anxiety as an important factor on Maths problem solving skills as well as pupils’ attitudes towards Mathematics, and teachers should consider this factor an important construct to consider when examining sources of individual differences in Math problem solving skills.
ESL LEARNERS’ USE OF BLOG TO IMPROVE WRITING SKILLS
Authors: Osman Wan Hurani , Abu Bakar Anna Lynn
Published: July 2023

The usage of computers and the internet is widespread in this contemporary period. The social networks are among the most popular online services. Social networking sites are now employed in the realm of education as well as for socialising. The perception of ESL students towards the usage of blogs in writing classes will be examined in this paper.In this experimental class, 23 tertiary students taking a reading and writing module are asked to start their own blogs. The students completed their classwork and assignments on the blog. The learners are given a questionnaire to complete at the end of the module regarding the usage of blogs in general and the use of blogs to improve their writing abilities. A few students are also chosen at random and interviewed to learn more about how they feel about using blogs in writing classes.
ACCOUNTING STUDENTS' KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS: EXPECTATIONS OF EMPLOYERS
Authors: Hussin Siti Nor Adawiah , Nik Wan Nik Zam , Abdullah Azilawati , Razak Syuhaila , San Suzana , Saidi Noraida , Tumiran Siti Dalina
Published: July 2023

There are widespread concerns that universities are not providing graduates with the knowledge and skills necessary to succeed in the accounting profession. Employers continue to express their discontent and demand that academics in the field of accounting take greater responsibility in addressing this issue. The aim of this article is to identify and gather new insights on the competencies and skills that employers expect accounting graduates to have obtained from university accounting education to enable them to apply those skills at the workplace. This conceptual paper will present an overview of the recent research studies on the pertinent knowledge, technical skills, and other competencies they should possess to ensure that accounting graduates are recruited in professions related to accounting. This paper will provide academics, lecturers, other scholars, and educational organisations with practical information to help produce certified accounting graduates and assists accounting students in preparing themselves with knowledge and skills that are required by employers.
FORCED TRANSITION INTO ONLINE ASSESSMENTS: EXPLORING PERCEPTIONS AND CHALLENGES AMONGST PHARMACY STUDENTS
Authors: Othman Mohd Izani , Mohd Najib Mohd Nadzri , Sulaiman Suraya
Published: July 2023

In the wake of COVID-19 pandemic, most educational activities have been forced to resumed through online and distance learning. As part of the curriculum objectives, online assessments are carried out to assess students' comprehension and to evaluate the effectiveness and quality of the teaching and learning process. Many students were heavily affected by these sudden transformations from traditional face-to-face (F2F) to forced online assessments. Thus, making it intriguing for academics to explore students' experiences of online assessment at the higher education level. Our study investigates students’ perceptions and challenges faced of online assessments. A cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing questionnaire to pharmacy students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Kampus Bertam through online Google Form. Data obtained from the questionnaire which consisted of demographic information, perceptions and challenges of online assessments were tabulated and analysed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. Our findings on perceptions revealed that online assessments were conducted in many ways (92.3%) and using multiple platforms (91.6%). Online assessments enhanced self-learning (89.5%), convenient and flexible (86.0%) and faster compared to paper assessments (78.3%). Nevertheless, respondents stated that online assessments are neither applicable for all courses (70.6%) nor for all students (60.8%) whilst 86.7% of respondents stated the vulnerability of online assessments to cheating. Likewise, most students indicated distractions at home or from others (86.0%) as the challenge of online assessments followed by difficulties in answering questions within time limit (76.9%), lack of motivation (75.5%) and do not have enough time to check all answers (72.7%). Suggestions from respondents to improve online assessment approaches include allocating more time during assessment, increase engagement and feedback between students and lecturers and tighten up security to prevent students from dishonesty. In general, the study illustrates the acceptance and the constructive approach of online assessments amongst students. Though, the challenges encountered need to be acknowledged and resolved accordingly.
ONLINE DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) AND STUDENTS’ SELF-ESTEEM BASED ON DIFFERENT GENDER PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Mohd Ramli Siti Syamira , Mahmood Wan Nurashikin , Che Hamzah Hamnah , Hashim Hasnizawati , Tajuddin Norulhuda
Published: July 2023

Online Distance Learning (ODL) has been implemented in universities for over two years. Despite advancements in technology, ODL has proven to be challenging for students, which indirectly affects their self-esteem, regardless of gender. Thus, the study aims to investigate students’ self-esteem and to examine any significant mean difference between gender and students’ self-esteem. A survey was conducted on 378 students, and SPSS 26.0 was used to analyse the hypotheses of the study. It was found that students’ self-esteem level during ODL is moderate. The findings also revealed no significant difference between gender and student perception on self-esteem. The findings are expected to benefit academicians, policymakers, and university management in enhancing ODL implementation and preparing them for future learning challenges.
LACKING MANNERS AMONG TERTIARY STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA FOLLOWING THE MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER
Authors: Nayan Surina , Mohd Radzi Nor Azira , Chulan Majdah , Abdul Rahman Azhar
Published: July 2023

This conceptual paper is on lacking manners among tertiary students in Malaysia following the Movement Control Order (MCO). The MCO has had an undeniably profound effect on students, with many now having to switch to online learning and forgoing their usual routines and interactions with peers. Unfortunately, some students have been struggling to adjust to the new normal, and this has led to a lack of manners among the younger generation. The MCO has caused huge disruption to their lives, and this can lead to a lack of respect for authority figures and a general lack of courtesy. Some students have been observed using inappropriate language, speaking disrespectfully to teachers, and failing to show consideration for others. Parents and teachers need to address these issues as soon as possible and remind students of the importance of good manners. Parents should ensure that their children understand the importance of treating others with respect and showing consideration for those around them. Teachers should also ensure that their students understand the consequences of their actions and the importance of maintaining a positive attitude. Parents and teachers should also focus on the importance of communication and actively encourage students to talk about their feelings and concerns. Finally, it is important to remember that the MCO will eventually come to an end and that students will once again be able to attend school and interact with their peers. Until then, parents and teachers should continue to do their best to ensure that students maintain good manners and continue to uphold the values of respect and courtesy.
crise brasileira contemporânea e seu lugar nas ideias sociais e econômicas
Authors: Alves Valder Jadson Costa
Published: July 2023

Este artigo tem por objetivo fazer uma análise crítica das principais correntes de interpretação da crise política e econômica brasileira, eclodida em 2013, que teve como pressuposto a crise financeira mundial de 2008. Após uma breve contextualização, será apresentado o diagnóstico e a visão ortodoxa da crise, que identificamos como a teoria advinda da Síntese Neoclássica; posteriormente a visão heterodoxa, que entendemos como a teoria Pós-Keynesiana; e por fim argumentaremos em base à Teoria Marxista sobre a crise, que entendemos não se encaixar nem na ortodoxia e nem na heterodoxia econômica. A conclusão revela um diagnóstico distinto para a crise brasileira entre as três visões uma vez que além das divergências entre economistas ortodoxos e heterodoxos, o conceito chave para a análise econômica, que para estes situa-se em torno da taxa de investimento, para os economistas “críticos da Economia Política” situa-se em torno da taxa de lucro.
Case Study of Bilingual Program in Junior High School in Southern Taiwan
Authors: Chen Kuan-Yu
Published: July 2023

The national policy for bilingual education was declared in 2017 in Taiwan. Since then, Taiwan has been on the way to becoming a bilingual nation by 2030. Relevant plans, workshops, and immersion teaching activities have been proposed and challenged teachers in Taiwan. Based on such outcomes, we investigate students’ attitudes toward bilingual programs and the importance of code-switching and mixing in teaching. The data analysis and findings indicate that 1) students’ English proficiency does not affect their attitudes toward the bilingual program, 2) there are no gender differences in the attitudes toward the bilingual program, 3) teachers usually code-switch and mix when asking students questions, explaining the steps and main ideas, and repeating the instructions or descriptions, and 4) the code-switching and mixing are essential when students learn the course content in the bilingual class. According to such findings, teachers can supplement their bilingual teaching. Besides, foreign teachers are considerably helpful in building a proper bilingual learning environment. With them, students participate in language learning more actively. This study result can be a reference for educational administrations for their planning.