bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Study on the Sensing Mechanism of Luminescent Metal-Organic Framework [Zn(3-tzba)(2,2′-bipy)(H2O)] · 3H2O for Formaldehyde Detection
Authors: Dong Yanhong , Wei Ning-Ning , Gao Liguo , Hao Juanyuan , Vasilescu Dan , Hao Ce
Published: October 2020

The sensing mechanism of luminescent metal-organic framework [Zn(3-tzba)(2,2′-bipy)(H2O)] -3H2O for formaldehyde detection was explored by using density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory methods. Our investigation found that luminescent metal-organic framework [Zn(3-tzba)(2,2′-bipy)(H2O)] • 3H2O is able to interact with formaldehyde through hydrogen bonding to the framework. The luminescent mechanism of the hydrogen-bonded complex is photo-induced electron transfer; while the luminescent mechanism of luminescent metal-organic framework [Zn(3-tzba)(2,2′-bipy)(H2O)]-3H2O is ligand-to-ligand charge transfer. The intermolecu-lar hydrogen bond was found to be stronger in the excited state than that in the ground state by analyzing the geometry nuclear magnetic resonance, binding energy and infrared spectrum in different electronic states. Calculated fluorescence radiative rate coefficient and internal conversion rate coefficient qualitatively indicated a reduced radiative process and an enhanced internal conversion process of the hydrogen-bonded complex. The hydrogen-bonded complex exhibits luminescence weakening or even quenching due to the enhancement of the intermolecular hydrogen bond in the excited state compare with luminescent metal-organic framework [Zn(3-tzba)(2,2′-bipy)(H2O)]-3H2O. The variable luminescence demonstrated the potential of luminescent metal-organic framework [Zn(3-tzba)(2,2′-bipy)(H2O)]-3H2O as luminescent sensor for formaldehyde detection.
A Safe Web in Network Separation Environment
Authors: Jung Won-Chi , Park Namje
Published: October 2020

This paper describes a technique for constructing network separation and proposes a method for providing convenience to users by using it. This paper analyzes the background of the Korean government’s adoption of the network separation policy. And there are various techniques for configuring network separation. NAC, media control solution and file transfer system are essential for network separation. Because just running two networks does not guarantee secure. This paper considers ways to provide efficiency and convenience to the extent allowed by the network separation policy. In this paper, Using Headless Browser, transform web pages into electronic documents. The converted electronic document does not contain malicious code. Several Headless browser packages were used to implement and test assuming a virtual network separation. Web scraping technology worked reliably, almost all browsers can read and display PDF file. In this paper, we have defined a safe web prototype in a network separation environment.
Computational Calculations, Gravimetrical, and Surface Morphological Investigations of Corrosion Inhibition Effect of Triazole Derivative on Mild Steel in HCl
Authors: Al-Baghdadi Shaimaa B. , Al-Amiery Ahmed A. , Kadhum Abdul A. , Takriff Mohd Sobri
Published: October 2020

The inhibition efficiency of the novel synthesized corrosion inhibitor namely, 5,5′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(3-mercapto-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole) (PBMMT) have been studied for mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid environment by using gravimetric techniques. PBMMT show high inhibition efficiency at 0.5 mM. The adsorption isotherm of the investigated inhibitor on the surface of mild steel obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The surface morphology was tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the absence and presence of PBMMT as corrosion inhibitor. The results show that the mild steel surface in presence of PBMMT 0.5 mM was smooth and uncorroded in 1 M HCl solution. Quantum chemical calculations were quite fitted with the experimental findings.
Data Gaps within Atmospheric Rivers over the Northeastern Pacific
Authors: Zheng Minghua , Delle Monache Luca , Wu Xingren , Ralph F. Martin , Cornuelle Bruce , Tallapragada Vijay , Haase Jennifer S. , Wilson Anna M. , Mazloff Matthew , Subramanian Aneesh , Cannon Forest
Published: October 2020

Conventional observations of atmospheric rivers (ARs) over the northeastern Pacific Ocean are sparse. Satellite radiances are affected by the presence of clouds and heavy precipitation, which impact their distribution in the lower atmosphere and in precipitating areas. The goal of this study is to document a data gap in existing observations of ARs in the northeastern Pacific, and to investigate how a targeted field campaign called AR Reconnaissance (AR Recon) can effectively fill this gap. When reconnaissance data are excluded, there is a gap in AR regions from near the surface to the middle troposphere (below 450 hPa), where most water vapor and its transport are concentrated. All-sky microwave radiances provide data within the AR object, but their quality is degraded near the AR core and its leading edge, due to the existence of thick clouds and precipitation. AR Recon samples ARs and surrounding areas to improve downstream precipitation forecasts over the western United States. This study demonstrates that despite the apparently extensive swaths of modern satellite radiances, which are critical to estimate large-scale flow, the data collected during 15 AR Recon cases in 2016, 2018, and 2019 supply about 99% of humidity, 78% of temperature, and 45% of wind observations in the critical maximum water vapor transport layer from the ocean surface to 700 hPa in ARs. The high-vertical-resolution dropsonde observations in the lower atmosphere over the northeastern Pacific Ocean can significantly improve the sampling of low-level jets transporting water vapor to high-impact precipitation events in the western United States.
Analysis of Extreme Wind Speed Estimates in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Yan Zhiduo , Pang Liang , Dong Sheng
Published: October 2020

An increasing number of coastal and offshore structures have been built for coastal protection and marine development in recent years, and these marine structures need to be reasonably designed on the basis of wind speed. In this paper, extreme wind speed estimates are studied in detail by using the best-track datasets of northwestern Pacific Ocean tropical cyclones and ERA5 wind field data. The extreme wind speed fits by five distributions are compared using a blended sample of the wind fields from the ERA5 dataset and parametric wind data. The blend of wind fields improved the data accuracy and extreme value estimation reliability. In addition, the effects of the distribution model, data, threshold, and parameter estimation methods on the calculated results are discussed. The results show that the data had the greatest influences on probability prediction, followed by the distribution model and the parameter estimation method, with the threshold presenting the least influence. In this study, the reliability of the estimates was improved and the uncertainty of the results was analyzed, and the findings provide a wind speed design reference for the northern South China Sea.
The Impact of the Tertiary Survey in an Established Trauma Program
Authors: Mitchell Brendan P. , Stumpff Kelly , Berry Stepheny , Howard James , Bennett Ashley , Winfield Robert D.
Published: October 2020

Introduction

The trauma tertiary survey (TTS) was first described in 1990 and is recognized as an essential practice in trauma care. The TTS remains effective in detecting secondary injuries in the modern era.

Methods

Trauma patients discharged between August 1, 2016, and December 31, 2016, were identified in our trauma registry. Collected data include TTS completion rates, detection of injuries, type of provider, and timing. TTS documentation was qualitatively evaluated.

Results

Out of 407 patients, 264 patients (65%) received a TTS. Injury detection rate was 1.1.%. Average time to TTS was 41 hours. TTS were completed by resident physicians (46%) and advanced practice providers (APPs; 46%). TTS documentation was more complete for APPs than for resident physicians.

Conclusion

TTS remains an integral component of modern trauma care. Ongoing education on the significance of TTS and the importance of thorough documentation is essential. Provision of real-time feedback to providers is also critical for improving current practices.
A Team-Based Approach for Children With Congenital Cardiac Disease Undergoing Antireflux Procedure With Gastrostomy
Authors: Shah Adil A. , Matisoff Andrew , Deutsch Nina , Sandler Anthony , Kane Timothy , Petrosyan Mikael
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication with gastrostomy tube (LPNF-GT) placement is often indicated in children with congenital cardiac diseases (CCDs) for nutritional optimization. This study aims to evaluate institutional outcomes of LPNF-GT, with a team-based approach in operative management.

Methods

Five years of an institutional database at a tertiary care children’s hospital was queried for LPNF-GT in children with CCDs. Descriptive analyses were performed. A national comparison was performed utilizing the 2012-2013 Pediatrics NSQIP database, using propensity score matching. Outcome measures of interest were operative-time, unplanned readmission, and 30-day mortality.

Results

A team-based approach was utilized in 51 cases. Median operative time was 68.5 (IQR: 48-89) minutes. All patients tolerated tube feeds postoperatively. All patients survived 30 days post surgery. When compared to 136 similarly matched children nationally, the risk-adjusted operative time with a team-based approach was 47.38 (12.43-82.33) minutes shorter ( P < .05). There were no statistically significant differences in the likelihood of being in the hospital past 30 days, unplanned readmissions, and mortality ( P > .05).

Conclusion

LPNF-GT can be safely performed in children with CCDs. A team-based approach demonstrates improved operative time and achieved similar outcomes when compared nationally.
Understanding the Well-Being of General Surgery Residents
Authors: Felton Jessica , Martin Olivia , Kubicki Natalia , Kidd-Romero Sarah , Kavic Stephen M.
Published: October 2020

Background

In 2017, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education program guidelines changed to include a section that requires programs to optimize resident and faculty member well-being. There is still a poor understanding of general surgery resident wellness, and there are few well-established wellness programs.

Methods

We created a novel 50-question anonymous survey to assess burnout, depression, and wellness that was distributed to the general surgery residents as part of a pilot study. Univariate analysis was performed to assess wellness and wellness changes. Bivariate analysis was performed to determine the association between wellness variables and gender, age, and postgraduate year (PGY) level.

Results

Thirty-five of 55 residents participated in the survey. Over half of the residents (54%) reported gaining weight during residency. Nearly 70% reported working while having an ongoing family issue, and 77% worked at least once while ill. Fourteen residents (40%) reported that their wellness worsened over the previous academic year, while 7 (20%) reported that it remained the same, and 11 (31%) reported that it improved. These changes varied significantly by the PGY level ( P < .01). Age (younger vs older than 30) and sex were found to be effective measure modifiers of the association between wellness change and PGY level.

Discussion

The overall wellness of the general surgery residents at our institution varies greatly. Poor wellness may lead to inferior patient care, burnout and depression, and negative resident morale. Residency programs need to implement programming to address wellness deficiencies.
Use of Adenosine to Facilitate Localization and Repair of Internal Carotid Artery Injury during Skull Base Surgery: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Nwosu Obi I. , Rubel Kolin E. , Alwani Mohamedkazim M. , Sharma Dhruv , Miller Michael , Ting Jonathan Y. , Payner Troy
Published: October 2020

Background:

Internal carotid artery (ICA) injuries represent a rare, potentially fatal complication of endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery (EESBS). The use of adenosine to induce transient hypotension and facilitate management of high-flow, high-pressure arterial lesions has been well-documented in neuro-endovascular literature. A similar setting in which adenosine-induced hypotension may prove beneficial is during the management of major vascular injury encountered during EESBS.

Methods:

A case of ICA injury and subsequent repair during EESBS is presented.

Results:

A 74-year-old female underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal resection for a recurrent pituitary adenoma. During suprasellar resection, the right cavernous ICA was inadvertently injured resulting in brisk bleeding. Immediate vascular tamponade was applied, and a crushed muscle graft was obtained. Two intravenous doses of adenosine were administered in quick succession to produce transient hypotension and facilitate repair of the injury with the graft. Neurovascular imaging revealed a small pseudoaneurysm which remained stable throughout the postoperative course. The patient underwent definitive stent embolization of the pseudoaneurysm 1 month following discharge.

Conclusion:

Prompt repair of ICA injury during EESBS is crucial, but often limited by poor visualization. Adenosine-induced hypotension has demonstrated great efficacy as an adjuvant in neurovascular clipping of intracranial aneurysms and remains a valuable tool for the endoscopic skull-base surgeon as well. In cases with high risk for ICA injury, adenosine should be readily available.
Tracheal Agenesis: Vertical Division of the Native Esophagus – A Novel Surgical Approach and Review of the Literature
Authors: Straughan Alexander J. , Mulcahy Collin F. , Sandler Anthony D. , Bauman Nancy M. , Steinhorn David , Gitman Lyuba
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

Tracheal agenesis (TA) is rare and usually fatal. Few survivors with concomitant tracheoesophageal fistulae (TEF) who underwent ligation of the distal esophagus with creation of a spit-fistula and neo-trachea from the proximal esophagus exist. We report a novel surgical technique whereby the esophagus is divided longitudinally to preserve a functional alimentation tract and a parallel neo-trachea. We review the literature of reported cases, including survivors beyond 12 months.

Methods:

Case report and literature review.

Results:

A female infant with prenatal polyhydramnios was born at 35 weeks gestation with immediate respiratory distress and absent cry. Oxygenation was maintained with a laryngeal mask airway. Despite a normal appearing larynx, she could not be intubated and emergent neck exploration disclosed no cervical trachea. The patient was placed on extra corporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO), and later diagnosed with TA, Floyd Type I. Parental desire for reconstruction but refusal of a spit-fistula necessitated a novel procedure. The esophagus was divided longitudinally via a microstapler to preserve the original alimentary tract and create a parallel neo-trachea originating from the TEF and terminating as a cervical stoma. The healing process was complicated but the baby was ultimately discharged to home where she developed normally neurologically until succumbing one night to accidental decannulation at 16 months of age.

Conclusion:

We describe a novel surgical approach to manage TA. This includes avoiding creation of a spit fistula and preserving the native esophagus. We then survey the literature, reporting the survivorship duration and operative management of 174 reported cases of TA.
Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions as a Clinical Manifestation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Malaysian Tertiary Center
Authors: Ramasamy Kuganathan , Saniasiaya Jeyasakthy , Abdul Gani Norhaslinda
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To investigate the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction among patients with COVID-19 infection and the recovery rate.

Methods:

Adult patients (≥18 years) tested positive for COVID-19 via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and admitted in Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar Seremban, Malaysia, were recruited in this study. Patients completed a questionnaire via telephone interview comprising the following details: age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidities, general and otorhinolaryngological symptoms, onset and duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. Patients with persistent olfactory and gustatory dysfunction at the time of the initial interview were followed-up every 3 to 5 days till resolution.

Results:

A total of 145 patients were included in our study. The mean age of patients was 43.0 ± 17.7 (range: 18-86). Fever (44.1%) and cough (39.3%) were the most prevalent general symptoms. Thirty-one patients (21.4%) reported olfactory dysfunction and 34 (23.4%) reported dysgeusia. There was a significant association between both olfactory and gustatory dysfunction ( P < .001). Altered sense of smell or taste occurred before other symptoms in 7 (15.9%); concomitant in 16 (36.4%) and after in 15 (34.1%). Six patients (13.6%) reported isolated sudden-onset anosmia. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 7 days. Complete recovery was achieved for 70.5% of the patients within 7 days of symptom onset. Only 6 (19.4%) of the 31 patients with olfactory dysfunction experienced nasal obstruction or rhinorrhea. Olfactory dysfunction was not significantly associated with nasal obstruction or rhinorrhea. Olfactory dysfunction was significantly associated with younger age ( P = .002), female ( P = .011), and hyperlipidemia ( P = .012). Gustatory dysfunction was significantly associated with fever ( P = .019) and cough ( P = .039).

Conclusion:

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction is a pertinent manifestation of COVID-19. Most of the affected patients achieve rapid and complete recovery. Sudden onset of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction should be recognized as a major symptom of COVID-19 as we implore to contain this pandemic.
Adopting a lay navigator training programme in primary care
Authors: Toal-Sullivan Darene , Lemonde Manon , Gauthier Alain P , Dahrouge Simone
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

There is growing interest in the role and use of patient navigators within the health care system. Currently, qualifications and training expectations documented in the literature vary tremendously depending on context and patient population. This paper details the theoretical and pedagogical principles used to develop, implement and evaluate a training programme for lay patient navigators working in a primary care setting.

Methods:

The planning process involved (a) conducting an educational needs assessment, (b) identifying the theory underpinning the curriculum, (c) developing learning objectives and teaching strategies, (d) formulating evaluation methods, (e) implementing the programme and (f) refining the curriculum based on evaluation feedback and lessons learned. The training programme was first implemented in May 2017 and has evolved over the past 3 years based on our observations and feedback from the programme participants.

Results:

The training programme involves a total of 25 hours of online and face-to-face education sessions, and ongoing community mentorship from experienced navigators. All training components are rooted in theoretical principles and proven pedagogical approaches. The knowledge, skills and abilities acquired are also tied to core competencies of the role of lay patient navigator.

Conclusion:

The development of this lay navigator training programme was carefully designed with evidence-based competencies and practical realities to ensure rigour in preparing and supporting navigators’ work in primary care settings.
Energy absorption from composite reinforced with high performance auxetic textile structure
Authors: Steffens Fernanda , Oliveira Fernando Ribeiro , Fangueiro Raul
Published: October 2020

The objective of this study is to analyze the impact behavior on the basis of energy approach of weft knitted structures, namely a jersey composite and an auxetic composite using high performance yarns. Weft knitted fabrics were produced with the same structural and machine parameters, using 100% para-aramid and hybrid (47% para-aramid and 53% polyamide) structure. Composite fabrication was achieved through hand lay-up using epoxy resin. Negative Poisson ratio of the reinforcing auxetic fabric was transferred from the fabric to the composite developed. Results obtained by drop weight dart impact test show that the impact experiment with different impact loads confirmed the auxetic composites, regardless de material composition, have an increase in the total energy absorption compared to jersey reinforced composite, approximately 2.5 and 4 times more for para-aramid and hybrid composite, respectively. Auxetic composites developed within this work present great potential for applications in different areas, mainly where energy absorption is a key factor to be considered, such as in protection, sports among others.
Employer-led flexibility, working time uncertainty, and trade union responses: The case of academics, teachers and school secretaries in Ireland
Authors: O’Sullivan Michelle , Lavelle Jonathan , Turner Thomas , McMahon Juliet , Murphy Caroline , Ryan Lorraine , Gunnigle Patrick
Published: October 2020

This article examines the extent to which occupations within a sector differ in their experiences of employer-led flexibility and in their responses through collective power. Three occupations are analysed in the Irish education sector – academics, school teachers and school secretaries. It might be expected that higher-level occupations would have greater sources of occupational power to resist employer-led flexibility. We find varying levels of employer-led flexibility through non-standard employment across and within occupations. We conclude that trade unions have achieved varying levels of success in negotiating regulations on casualisation, but that the effectiveness of union responses is likely to be dependent on the particular conditions which gave rise to casualisation amongst occupations. In terms of the propensity for each occupation to have standard or non-standard employment over a lifetime of employment, we conclude that school teachers can be categorised as an ‘insider’ occupation, that school secretaries have evolved to an ‘outsider’ occupation, while lecturing academics are most at risk of transitioning from an insider to an outsider occupation.
Erroneous Reporting of Deaths Attributed to Pneumonia and Influenza at 2 New York City Teaching Hospitals, 2013-2014
Authors: Brown Tyler S. , Dubowski Kathryn , Plitt Madia , Falci Laura , Lee Erica , Huynh Mary , Furuya Yoko , Vora Neil M.
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Cause-of-death information, reported by frontline clinicians after a patient’s death, is an irreplaceable source of public health data. However, systematic bias in cause-of-death reporting can lead to over- or underestimation of deaths attributable to different causes. New York City consistently reports higher rates of deaths attributable to pneumonia and influenza than many other US cities and the country. We investigated systematic erroneous reporting as a possible explanation for this phenomenon.

Methods

We reviewed all deaths from 2 New York City hospitals during 2013-2014 in which pneumonia or influenza was reported as the underlying cause of death (n = 188), and we examined the association between erroneous reporting and multiple extrinsic factors that may influence cause-of-death reporting (patient demographic characteristics and medical comorbidities, time and hospital location of death, type of medical provider reporting the death, and availability of certain diagnostic information).

Results

Pneumonia was erroneously reported as the underlying cause of death in 163 (86.7%) reports. We identified heart disease and dementia as the more likely underlying cause of death in 21% and 17% of erroneously reported deaths attributable to pneumonia, respectively. We found no significant association between erroneous reporting and the multiple extrinsic factors examined.

Conclusions

Our results underscore how erroneous reporting of 1 condition can lead to underreporting of other causes of death. Misapplication or misunderstanding of procedures by medical providers, rather than extrinsic factors influencing the reporting process, are key drivers of erroneous cause-of-death reporting.
Tolerance analysis for automobile transmission shaft based on minimum cost and reliability target
Authors: Luo Jiao , Liu Xintian , Wang Haijie , Yu Xueguang , Yang Xiaobing
Published: October 2020

To design a reasonable dimensional tolerance of a transmission shaft, the higher product quality while lower manufacturing cost must be considered. This paper provides a mathematical model and a flowchart which elucidates the relationship between process capability index (PCI), reliability, tolerance and manufacturing cost, considering the characteristics of the shaft diameter, the material and manufacturing process. A 10.904% cost reduction under certain PCI range of a real case shows the effectiveness of the model and flowchart, thus it can be applied to those technical area when optimizing product design.
Model builder for diagnosis and simulation of hybrid dynamic systems: Application to railway rolling stock
Authors: Six B , Ould-Bouamama B , Gehin A L
Published: October 2020

This paper deals with a model builder for Hybrid Dynamic Systems (HDS), where technological components including sensors in an iconic format can be automatically dragged from a database and interconnected to produce the overall HDS, following industrial technological schemes. Once the model has been created, its consistency can be checked, and a block diagram simulation can be performed. The theory behind the software is based on Hybrid Bond Graphs (HBG), whose structural and causal properties will be exploited for the automatic generation of the diagnosis algorithms, which will be implemented online. Compared with developed programs for automated modeling of HDS, the presented methodology is valid for continuous and hybrid systems, and the HBG is used not only for block diagram simulation builders but also for the generation of Fault Detection and Isolation algorithms. The theory is illustrated by an industrial application that consists of the pneumo-electrical control of metro rolling stock.
Vision, subalternity, and religious imaginary in southern Italy
Authors: Beneduce Roberto
Published: October 2020

Vision and divine voice, however defined, are at the heart of religious experience. The meeting with the Other sustains new ways of life and grants deep transformations in subjectivity. After chronicling the difficulty, indeed outright impossibility, of circumscribing and defining these complex experiences, as well as the opacity of the dominant categories that have been adopted by sociology, anthropology, phenomenology, and psychiatry, this article explores three case histories from southern Italy. Each one reveals a particular knot where private (and traumatic) experience has incorporated historical horizons and collective anxieties. By adopting a historical and comparative perspective, the author investigates how visions, voices – and more generally the encounter with transcendence – enable subalterns to deal with suffering and marginality and, more importantly, to build a view of how the world is and works. Finally, the article suggests that these experiences allow a transformation of the nostalgia for agency into new ‘horizons of expectation’.
The moral cosmology of cancer: Making disease meaningful
Authors: Broom Alex , Kenny Katherine
Published: October 2020

More than a threat to embodied existence, cancer threatens various dimensions of social existence, including the general sense of inhabiting an ordered and moral universe. Here, we draw on sociological theory to interrogate the ontological politics of living with (and alongside) cancer. That is, how is cancer understood, made meaningful and enacted in relation to various others. Drawing on 130 interviews with people living with cancer and those close to them, we analyse people’s attempts to make cancer make sense, as well as the disciplinary consequences of apprehending cancer in this way. We focus, in particular, on the centrality of serendipity, conviction and regret in the meaning-making of cancer, and how they interact to produce complex affective and intersubjective relations. Moreover, we unpack how these logics and affects are part of a broader moral and ethical order of cancer, which entangles people within particular sets of relations: to living, to dying, and to others. We argue that the origins of luck, the practice of conviction and the affect of regret are critical facets of the ontological construction of cancer, with important consequences for survivorship.
People in Prisons’ Perceptions of Procedural Justice in England and Wales
Authors: Fitzalan Howard Flora , Wakeling Helen
Published: October 2020

Procedural justice (PJ) theory suggests that if incarcerated people perceive their treatment to be fair and just, greater acceptance of staff authority, less misconduct, better mental health, and improved recidivism outcomes will follow. This study developed a measure of and explored PJ perceptions for people in English and Welsh prisons. Factor analysis was used to create a 27-item PJ measure, using data from around 20,000 people who completed the Measuring quality of prison life survey during a 4-year period. The measure had good internal consistency. We found differences in perceptions across groups of people and prison types. Poorer perceptions were weakly associated with self-harm and attempted suicide. There was a negative association between perceptions and misbehavior/incidents in custody, although PJ perceptions were not a significant predictor of incidents.
Deliberation and Policy-Making: Three Ways to Think About Minipublics’ Consequences
Authors: Jacquet Vincent , van der Does Ramon
Published: October 2020

Policy-makers are increasingly experimenting with various ways to involve citizens in policy-making. Deliberative forums composed of lay citizens (minipublics) count among the most popular of such innovations. Despite their popularity, it is often unclear in what ways such minipublics could affect policy-making. This article addresses this issue of conceptual ambiguity by drawing on an original systematic review of the literature. It shows that the literature has approached these consequences in three ways: congruence with decisions, consideration in the policy-making process, and structural change. The article discusses the implications for empirical research and points out trajectories for future research on deliberative minipublics.
First-Generation College Students’ Academic Challenges Understood Through the Lens of Expectancy Value Theory in an Introductory Psychology Course
Authors: Goldman Jacqueline , Heddy Benjamin C. , Cavazos Jenel
Published: October 2020

Background:

First-generation (FG) college students have been a popular subpopulation to study within educational literature as these students experience many unique challenges in their academic careers causing them to drop out within their first year. This gives courses with high first-time freshman numbers such as introductory psychology courses a unique opportunity to reach many of these students.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to examine new perspectives of FG students that may further explain hindrances to retention and achievement.

Method:

One hundred and ninety-three undergraduate students in an introductory psychology course completed surveys on task values in reference to psychology content at three different time points across the semester. Students’ exam scores were also reported as a measurement of academic achievement.

Results:

Analyses showed that FG college students reported higher levels of cost value and growth in cost value across the semester compared to non-FG college students.

Conclusion:

FG college students experience academic challenges that may be related to their valuing of their educative experience in psychology courses.

Teaching Implications:

Educators should actively attempt to alleviate academic obstacles facing FG college students by increasing access to the professor, ease of access to help, and assignment clarity.
Keep Culture, Lose the Reductionism: Exploring Contemporary Cultural Spaces as Sites of Power Maintenance and Resistance
Authors: Withers Erik T. , Ramirez Manuel A.
Published: October 2020

In this article, we argue for the importance of investigating cultural spaces in connection to social inequalities. Within cultural spaces, culture in both material and nonmaterial forms is used in ways that bolster privilege, provide means for people and groups to navigate inequalities, and offers avenues for contesting inequalities. We critically examine some of the past and present ways that culture and inequalities have been studied together. We identify three trends that have arisen from the current scholarship on culture and inequality in the United States: space and place, embodiment, and performativity. In addition to examining understudied contemporary cultural spaces, the articles in this special issue contribute to and expand on the identified trends of studying cultural spaces as sites of inequality maintenance and resistance.
Single coronary artery arising from an atretic pulmonary trunk
Authors: Schmiady Martin , Dave Hitendu , Rüschoff Jan Hendrik , Steindl Katharina , Hübler Michael , Schweiger Martin
Published: October 2020

Coronary artery anomalies are a diverse group of disorders with highly variable manifestations and pathophysiological mechanisms. The origin of a single coronary artery from an atretic pulmonary trunk is a rare anomaly. We encountered this in an 8-day-old female newborn. This report should alert the cardiac surgical community to this fatal coronary malformation. Surgeons should bear this anomaly in mind when they face unusual myocardial behavior intraoperatively.
Tales of Restoration: A Study of the Evacuee Property Laws
Authors: Goel Shikhar
Published: October 2020

One of the ways scholars and lawyers have understood the institution of property is by thinking of it in terms of legal relationships that people share with each other with respect to a thing. The primary question that animates this article is as follows: If property is to be understood as relationships, what sort of relationships did the evacuee property legislations, a post-Partition legal instrument invented to deal with the problem of abandoned properties left behind in the wake of mass migration, foster among different groups of people with each other and with the state? In order to answer this question, this article explores the newspaper records, parliamentary debates, court orders and archives of the case files of property restoration requests made to the quasi-judicial office of the Custodian of Evacuee Properties present in the National Archives of India.
Language—AND—Social Psychology: Epilogue
Authors: Harwood Jake , Tracy Karen
Published: October 2020

This Epilogue discusses the papers in the Special Issue ( JLSP 40th Anniversary) in terms of the broader field of language and social psychology. It reflects on the key terms (“language” and “social psychology”) in terms of how they intersect and the relative emphasis on each in work published in JLSP. We also present an argument for increasing the consideration of context in language and social psychology research, and we distinguish between a desire to generalize versus universalize our knowledge about language and social psychological processes.
Variation in loanword adaptation: A case from Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Chen Yangyu , Lu Yu-An
Published: October 2020

Mandarin speakers tend to adapt intervocalic nasals as either an onset of the following syllable (e.g. Bruno → bù.lŭ .n uò), as a nasal geminate (e.g. Daniel → dā n.n í.ěr), or as one of the above forms (e.g. Tiffany → dì.fú. n í or dì.fē n.n í). Huang and Lin (2013, 2016) identified two factors that may induce the nasal gemination repair: (1) when stress falls on the pre-nasal vowel and (2) when the pre-nasal vowel is a non-high lax vowel. They hypothesized that Mandarin Chinese speakers insert a nasal coda to perceptually approximate the stronger nasalization and longer syllable duration associated with the stressed syllables, and the shorter vowel duration of a lax vowel because the vowels in closed syllables are shorter in Mandarin. The results from two forced-choice identification experiments and an open-ended transcription task showed that although Mandarin speakers’ choices of different repairs were indeed biased by the different phonetic manipulations, suggesting an effect of perceptual similarity, their decisions were mainly guided by native phonotactics. The overall findings suggest that phonotactic, phonetic, as well as non-linguistic (i.e. frequency) factors interact with each other, resulting in the variable adaptation pattern.
Measurement properties of translated versions of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index: A systematic review
Authors: KC Sudarshan , Sharma Saurab , Ginn Karen A , Reed Darren
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

To summarise measurement properties of translated versions of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and to assess their methodological quality.

Methods:

Relevant studies testing measurement properties of translated versions of the SPADI in non-specific shoulder pain participants were included from 11 databases (August 2020). Two reviewers independently screened articles and assessed individual measurement property risk of bias using the COSMIN checklist as very good, adequate, doubtful or inadequate. For each measurement property results were pooled and rated sufficient, insufficient, or inconsistent. Synthesised evidence was graded as high, moderate, low or very low (GRADE approach).

Results:

Thirty-four studies (21 languages and 26 different versions) were included from 4402 articles. A total of 141 measurement properties were reported with 60 rated as very good or adequate. These included; internal consistency (19), test-retest reliability (4), construct validity (6), structural validity (10), measurement error (5), responsiveness (9), and cross-cultural validity (2). Comprehensibility was adequate in the Chinese, German, Nepali, Spanish and Urdu versions. Only the Danish, Dutch and Nepali versions confirmed all, or all but one, of their measurement properties with sound methodology. Pooled results of all measurement properties except structural validity were rated as sufficient. Quality of evidence was graded moderate to high with downgrading due to inconsistent results.

Conclusion:

Overall evidence suggests the SPADI is valid, reliable and responsive in translated form but less than half the measurement properties tested were of adequate quality. Further testing is required in many languages particularly in; test-retest reliability, measurement error and construct validity.
Renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/transcription factor E3 gene fusion: an adult case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Yuxiong , Wang Yuantao , Feng Mingliang , Lian Xin , Lei Yongsheng , Zhou Honglan
Published: October 2020

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with Xp11.2 translocation/transcription factor E3 ( TFE3) gene fusion is a rare and independent subtype of RCC included in the classification of MiT (microphthalmia-associated transcriptional factor) family translocation RCC. Herein, we report an adult case of Xp11.2 translocation RCC, and review the relevant literature to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and other aspects of the disease.
COVID-19 and Progressive Orthodontics
Authors: Mote Nilesh , Dhanjani Vishal , Toshniwal N.G , Pallan Kunal , Rathod Rishikesh
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 30th January 2020 so the practice of dentistry and orthodontics has come to a standstill.

Description:

The COVID-19 affects different people in different ways. The most common symptoms resemble very much to that of seasonal flu. Patients experience dry cough, rising fever and tiredness or shortness of breath. Clinical practice of Orthodontics during COVID-19 pandemic, facing such a difficult and highly contagious disease There are two ways in which you can handle them, remotely guiding and helping them with help of telecommunication and you can prepare your clinic by following all sanitization protocols and then keeping the clinic open only for such patients. Usage of Environment Protection agents, N95 masks, PPE kits and HEPA filters are some of the basic things to go about.

Conclusion:

With the ever changing scenario of the COVID-19 continuous monitoring of the local situation and one eye on the latest instructions given by the WHO and Health ministry should be followed.
Music early learning programs: Enduring outcomes for children and their families
Authors: Barrett Margaret S , Welch Graham F
Published: October 2020

Music early learning programs (MELPs) that provide music services to parents and carers of children aged birth through 8 years are proliferating. Parents make significant financial and social investments in MELPs, yet little is known of their motivations and aspirations nor of the enduring outcomes of participation. This article reports the findings of an interview study with 10 parents, 1 grandparent, and 8 child former participants in a MELP program in regional Australia that investigated perceptions of MELP participation. Findings indicate that parents come from a range of musical backgrounds. Reasons and aspirations for MELP enrolment encompass developing both parents’ and children’s musical skills, providing social benefits for parent and child, exposure to musical experience, value-adding to their child’s education and expanding the family social circle. Enduring outcomes include developed music knowledge and skills, future investments, physical and emotional development, and new patterns of learning that are potentially transferable. Findings suggest that children arrive at formal schooling with a rich repertoire of music, a capacity to engage in embodied musical experience, and a set of expectations concerning their participation in music. Such knowledge holds implications for the ways in which music learning might be structured within the early childhood classroom.
Return to Play and Recurrence After Calf Muscle Strain Injuries in Elite Australian Football Players
Authors: Green Brady , Lin Monica , McClelland Jodie A. , Semciw Adam I. , Schache Anthony G. , Rotstein Andrew H. , Cook Jill , Pizzari Tania
Published: October 2020

Background:

Calf muscle strain injuries (CMSI) are prevalent in sport, but information about factors associated with time to return to play (RTP) and recurrence is limited.

Purpose:

To determine whether clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data are associated with RTP and recurrence after CMSI.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data of 149 CMSI reported to the Soft Tissue injury Registry of the Australian Football League were explored to evaluate the impact of clinical data and index injury MRI findings on RTP and recurrence. Clinical data included age, previous injury history, ethnicity, and the mechanism of injury.

Results:

Irrespective of the anatomical location, players with CMSI with severe aponeurotic disruption (AD) took longer to RTP than players with CMSI with no AD: 31.3 ± 12.6 days vs 19.4 ± 10.8 days (mean ± SD; P = .003). A running-related mechanism of injury was associated with a longer RTP period for CMSI overall (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.59; P = .02). The presence of AD was associated with a longer RTP period for soleus injuries (AHR, 0.6; P = .025). Early recurrence (ie, ≤2 months of the index injury) was associated with older age (AHR, 1.3; P = .001) and a history of ankle injury (AHR, 3.9; P = .032). Older age (AHR, 1.1; P = .013) and a history of CMSI (AHR, 6.7; P = .002) increased the risk of recurrence within 2 seasons. The index injury MRI findings were not associated with risk of recurrence.

Conclusion:

A running-related mechanism of injury and the presence of AD on MRI were associated with a longer RTP period. Clinical rather than MRI data best indicate the risk of recurrent CMSI.
Design, Development, and Initial Testing of Asset-Based Intervention Grounded in Trajectories of Student Fraction Learning
Authors: Hunt Jessica H. , Martin Kristi , Khounmeuang Andy , Silva Juanita , Patterson Blain , Welch-Ptak Jasmine
Published: October 2020

One of the most persistent areas of difficulty in mathematics for children with learning disabilities (LDs) and difficulties is fractions. We report the development and initial testing of an intervention designed to increase access to and advancement in conceptual understanding. Our asset-based theory of change—a tested and confirmed learning trajectory of fraction concepts of students with LDs grounded in student-centered instruction—served as the basis for our multistage scientific design process. We report on foundational (i.e., a theory of change, establishment and refinement of learning trajectories, and core instructional components) and evaluative (pilot data on student outcomes) components of the intervention. The results of the study reveal positive effects of the program’s fidelity and potential to improve student outcomes in school settings. The positive outcomes support continued exploration and expansion of a new framework for supplemental intervention grounded in trajectories of student learning.
Enhancing Learning Performance and Motivation of Cultural Heritage Using Serious Games
Authors: Ye Li , Wang Ruoyan , Zhao Jing
Published: October 2020

In recent years, more serious games are used in different learning areas to improve the process of knowledge acquisition and learning outcomes. This study discusses a game mode based on a jigsaw puzzle with scaffolding-aid for cultural heritage learning. A case study using an historical pattern from China examines the effectiveness of improving learning performance and motivation. By using this game in an experimental setting in comparison with traditional video learning, this paper observes and evaluates the learning outcomes of 42 freshmen with no prior knowledge of bronze mirrors` patterns and subjects. Their learning outcomes, experience and motivation change were collected via a series of tests and motivation scale. The result of the experiment demonstrates that compared with traditional video learning, the game process based on a digital puzzle can help learners better identify and retain pattern structure and improve learning motivation. This study provides experience in designing serious games for cultural heritage learning activities.