bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of lead, cadmium and nickel content by means of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in dry fruit bodies of some macromycetes growing in Poland. II.
Authors: Grzybek Jan
Published: August 2014

The content of lead, cadmium, and nickel in dry fruit bodies of 34 species of macromyoetes collected in Poland from 72 natural babitats by means of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was estimated.
The Influence of Industrial Air Pollution Forest Lichens at Tomaszów Mazowiecki Region (Central Poland)
Authors: Czyżewska Krystyna
Published: August 2014

The influence of mixed gases pollution (SO2, H2S and CS2) on epiphytic and epixylic lichens growing on Pinus sylvestris in the nature conditions is the matter of consideration. In the case of some lichens, e.g. Lecanora conizaeoides, Scoliciosporum chlorococcum and Thelocarpon laureri the toxitolerant to the air pollution is proved by the authoress.
Studies of Aquatic Fungi. XXIV. Aquatic Fungi in the Water of Melting Snow
Authors: Czeczuga Bazyli
Published: August 2014

The work was undertaken to investigate the mycoflora in the water of melting snow. Samples of water were collected in March 1987-1988 for hydrochemical analysis (3 sites) and studies of the fungus content (9 sites). Forty-nine species of fungi were found in this waters. The following fungi unknown from Poland were found: Skirgiella septigena, Monoblepharis macraodra, M. polymorpha, M. fascicutlta, M. insignis, Achlya apiculata, Apodachlya punctata, Pythium dissotocum, Hansenula holstii, H. saturnus, Actiaospora megalospora and Heliscus lugdunensis.
Mycosociological research in the Ficario-Ulmetum campesris association in the "Wielka Kępa Ostromecka" reserve on the Vistula river
Authors: Bujakiewicz Anna
Published: August 2014

In conneciton with the elaboration of ecological range of macrofungi in alluvial and alder forests in Poland, three-year mycosociological observations were made on two permanent plots laid out in the patches of the Ficario-Ulmetum campcstris association in the "Wielka Kępa Ostromecka" reserve near Bydgoszcz-Fordon on the Vistula river.
The frequency of occurrence and distribution of keratinophilic fungi in some arable soils
Authors: Korniłłowicz Teresa
Published: August 2014

The conducted researches showed that keratinophilic fungi - Trichophyton (with Arthroderma), Chrysosporium and Ctenomyces - manifested a distinct preference to rich humus soils,characterized by a smaller amount of silt and clay particles and neutral or slight alkaline reaction.
Studies on the mycroflora colonizing keratin-bark-urea manure
Authors: Korniłłowicz Teresa
Published: August 2014

The studies demonstrated the succession of physiologically differentiated communities of fungi that colonize the organic component of keratin-bark-urea manure. There were no records of any typical keralinolylic forms that represent geophilic dermatophytes and chrysospories.
New localities of Dacrymyces ovisporus Bref. in Poland
Authors: Łuszczykowski Janusz
Published: August 2014

Dacrymyces ovisporus was hitherto known from two localities in South Poland. New localities of this fungus were found in South-Eastern Poland.
Exserohilum (=Setosphaeria) pedicellatum from barley roots
Authors: Łacicowa Barbara
Published: August 2014

Exserohilum pedicellatum (Henry) Leonard et Suggs was isolated from barley roots in 1992. This species is reported from Poland for the first time.
Phomopsis viticola Sacc. (Sphaero-psidales, Deuteromycotina) a new pathogen of grapevine stems in Poland
Authors: Machowicz-Stefaniak Zofia
Published: August 2014

Phomopsis viticola Sacc. was isolated from grapevine stems of 'Pannonia Kincse' variety in 1989-1992 years. This species is reported from Poland for the first time.
Occurance of geophilic of keratinophilic fungi in bottom sediments of lakes of various trophicity
Authors: Korniłłowicz Teresa
Published: August 2014

The present investigations proved that colonization of bottom sediments with geophilie kerationophilic fungi in lakes of different trophicity was conditioned by the organic matter content. There was a relationship between occurrence of microorganisms and the basin management method. The greatest concentration of keratinophilic fungi where species typical of sewages polluted with them dominated was found in sediments of a basin used for recreation. In sediments of a lake located in the agricultural region there was a domination of species charakteristic of pure water in respect to sanitary regulations.
Macromycetes in the "Jegiel" reserve
Authors: Domański Zbigniew
Published: August 2014

The results of mycological studies carried out in the "Jegiel" reserve in the Sphagno-Piceetum association are presented; 215 species fungi were identified, 4 of which were new to the mycoflora of Poland.
The dynamics the quantitative changes of mycoflora in two lakes differing in trophicity (Poland). I.
Authors: Korniłłowicz Teresa
Published: August 2014

It was demonstrated that the number of saprophytic fungi in the population of plankton in mesotrophic lake changing to eutrophic (Lake Piaseczno) was mountained a similiar level (average values) as in the eutrophic one (Lake Głębokie). The seasonal and annual changes in the number of fungi in the waters of the lake with lower trophicity were markedly stronger than those in the lake with higher trophicity. In the mesotrophic lake this was connected with the intensity of phytoplankton development. The greatest accumulation of fungi occured in the waters of littoral zone in both lakes and in the pelagial metha- and hypolimniun of the Lake Piaseczno.
The changes in the number and physiological properties of fungi in lakes differing in trophicity
Authors: Korniłłowicz Teresa
Published: August 2014

U was demonstrated that the fungi decomposing protein were most abundant in tbe mesotrophic lake, whereas the fungi decomposing pectin dominated in the eutrophic lake. The accumulation of fungi mineralizing protein in littoral zone (metha- and hypolimnion of pelagial zone) of the mesotropbic lake indicated the increase in the fertility of this reservoir. The frequency of occurrence of physiologically differentiated mycoflora in the lake waters was seasonal and revealed fluctuations in their activity depending on the year of the study. These fluctuations were stronger in the mesotrophic lake.
The occurrence of Septoria nodorum Berk. and associated mycoflora in seeds of wheat cultivated in the Szczecin voivodeship
Authors: Błaszkowski Janusz
Published: August 2014

In the years 1982-1984, the occurrence of Septoria nodorum and associated myooflora in 48 and 23 samples of winter and spring cultivars of wheat were examined. respectively. Tbe following species of fungi were most frequently recovered: Altemaria altemara, Aureobasidium pullulans, Epicoccum purpurascens, species of tbe genera Cladosporium, Fusarium, Helminthosporium and Penicillium, S. nodorum and non-sporulating fungi. The occurrence of S. nodorum was higher in seeds coming from the wetter years 1982 and 1984. The level of seed infestation by S. nodorum was higher in winter cultivars Septoria nodorum was more frequently isolated from shrunken than normally developed seeds.
Marasmius and allied genera in forest communities of the Białowieża National Park
Authors: Lisiewska Maria
Published: August 2014

Distribution of 13 species of Marasmius and allied genera on a permanent research plot in different forest communities is demonstraled on maps. The following species were taken into account: Marasmius androsaceus, M. bulliardii, M. chordalis, M. cohaerens, M. epiphyllus, M. lupuletorum, M. recubans, M. rotula, M. scordonius, M. splachnoides, M. wynnei, Marasmiellus ramealis and Micromphale perforans.
Temperature requirements of four entomopathogenic fungi
Authors: Miętkiewski Ryszard , Tkaczuk Cezary , Żurek Mieczysław , Van der Geest L. P.
Published: August 2014

Infection potential of Beauvaria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Paecilomyces farinosus and P. fumosoroseus to G. mellonella larvae in pine litter was established. The growth of these fungi on the Czapek's Dox medium exposed to different temperature was determined.
The effect of fungicides on the mycoflora of leaves of Triticum aestivum L.
Authors: Błaszkowski Janusz
Published: August 2014

The effect of three foliar fungicides on ihe mycoflora associated with leaves of Triticum aestivum cv. Kolibri cultivated in ihe field was investigated. The total number of fungi associated with leaves increased as the season progressed. The fungicide which reduced consideraMy the number of both fungal colonies and species was Funaben K. The decline in the total number of fungi species of T. aestivum leaves was largely due to the reduction in the number of Altenaria alternata species and non-sporulating fungi. None of the fungicides reduced the proportion of leaves with Cladosporium spp. At some stages, the increase in the occurrence of some fungi species was accompanied by a decrease in the number of other fungi.
Keratinophilic fungi in various types of water bodies
Authors: Czeczuga Bazyli , Muszyńska Elżbieta
Published: August 2014

The keratinophilic fungi in various types of water bodies (slough. pond. beach pool. two lakes and two rivers) were studied. Samples of water were collected every other month for bydrochemical analysis and once a month (1989-1990) in order to determine the fungus content. Human hair, snippings of finger-nails, chips of hoofs, feathers and snake exuviae were used as bait. Twenty-five species of keratinophilic fungi were found in various types of water bodies. Hyphochytrium catenoides, Aphanomyces stellatus, Leptolegniella caudala and Achlya oligacantha represent new records as koratinophilic fungi.
Aquatic fungi of twelve Augustów Lakes with reference to the chemistry of the environment
Authors: Czeczuga Bazyli
Published: August 2014

Seventy five species of fungi were found in tbe Augustów Lakes. The following fungi unknown from Poland were rocorded: Rhizophydium pollinis-pini, Chytriomyces cosmarii, C. poculatus, Lageaidium humanum, Aphanomyces astaci, Leptolegeniella piligena, Achlya klebsiana, Cladolegnia unispora, Zoophagus pectosporus, Rhodosporidium toruloides and Vargamyces aguaticus.
Macromycetes in a recreational park in Łódź
Authors: Stasińska Małgorzata
Published: August 2014

The paper contains the list of 144 species of macromycetes collected in the period of 1986-1988 a recreational park in town of Łódź.
Mycoflora of some medicine plants growing in the Egyptian eastern desert
Authors: Badran R. A. , El-Zawahry Aida M.
Published: August 2014

In total 40 species of fungi belonging to 16 genera were isolated from 2 media: glucose and cellulose-Czapek's. The collective fungal spectrum varied from one plant to another where the highest total count (1903 colonies/g) was obtained from Artemisia cina leaves on glucose-Czapck's and the lowest count (308 colonies) was recorded from Solenostemma argel root on glucose-Czapek's as well. The total number of fungi species varied with the variation of the tested plant.
Cellulolytic activity of some cellulose-decomposing fungi in salinized soils
Authors: Badran R. A.
Published: August 2014

Maximum evolution of CO2 was marked in control soil inoculated by tested fungi but its rate decreased with the increasing salinity. The period of 10 days was most suitable for cellulose degradation by A. niger and P. chrysoecnum and 15 days by A. flavus and C. globosum in control soil. High salinity levels affected greatly the cellulolylic activities of tesled fungi. Carbon content of saline soils increased white the nitrogen content decreased.
Multiskilling in the newsroom – de-skilling or re-skilling of journalistic work?
Authors: Nygren Gunnar
Published: September 2014

Multiskilling in a journalism context is not a case of “de-skilling” as the profession. There are problems concerning related to the quality in newsrooms adapting that are adapting multiskilling strategies, but in general multiskilling is more correctly to defined as a re-skilling or an up-skilling. This is thea conclusion from result from  a survey to of 1,500 journalists in Poland, Russia and Sweden and interviews with 60 journalists in these three countries. Multiskilling in journalism gives more space room for creativity and more power to the individual journalist, according to those with experience of working as multi-reporters. It allows them more freedom to make their own decisions in their daily tasks, i.e. choosing subjects and stories. At the same time, from the perspective of the media company, multiskilling is a strategy to increase production in the newsrooms. Multiskilling is also changing the journalistic culture, putting more focus on production and adapting content for different channels.
Review of Making News at The New York Times
Authors: Konow-Lund Maria Theresa
Published: September 2014

A book review of Nikki Usher, Making News at The New York Times. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2014.
Le magistère à Vatican II : une posture, une forme, un style
Authors: Routhier Gilles
Published: September 2014

L’enseignement de Vatican II sur le magistère a été plusieurs fois commenté et analysé. Trop souvent cependant on oublie que c’est dans l’exercice même de la fonction magistérielle que le pape et les évêques réunis en Concile ont donné l’enseignement le plus éloquent sur le magistère lors du concile Vatican II. C’est en adoptant une posture (la soumission à la Parole de Dieu, l’attention aux besoins de la famille humaine et l’élaboration conciliariter de leur enseignement), à travers une forme (un enseignement de forme pastoral qui exclut les anathèmes et les définitions dogmatiques) et un style que les Pères conciliaires définissent un nouveau mode d’exercice du magistère. C’est enfin à travers les silences du texte (ces passages retirés du texte initial) que se précise une vision de l’exercice du magistère dans l’Église.
Descartes et l’infini : le concept en question
Authors: Arbib Dan
Published: September 2014

Nous proposons ici une analyse du concept cartésien d’infini à partir de trois paradoxes : 1) du point de vue du corps cartésien, l’infini occupe deux places peu compatibles, à la fois fondateur de la rationalité et inséré en elle ; 2) du point de vue de l’histoire de l’histoire de la métaphysique, l’infini apparaît pour satisfaire l’exigence de la représentation (Duns Scot) et pour y déroger (Levinas) ; 3) du point de vue de l’histoire des noms divins, les enjeux du nom de l’infini se trouvent par deux fois neutralisés, d’une part par le scotisme contre l’effort thomiste ou bonaventurien, d’autre part par les post-cartésiens contre les plus grandes audaces cartésiennes. — Ces trois paradoxes superposables questionnent la cohérence du dispositif cartésien dont l’infini constitue le coeur.
Vers une ontologie humaine intégratrice du handicap et de la fragilité en contexte évolutionniste
Authors: Doat David
Published: September 2014

Dans un contexte actuel où les questions relevant du domaine de l’éthique monopolisent une grande partie de l’activité philosophique en ce début de xxie siècle, cette étude souhaite démontrer que la thèse de la différence anthropologique et de la valeur inconditionnelle de toute personne humaine — quelles que puissent être ses fragilités — reste éminemment légitime et philosophiquement robuste en contexte évolutionniste. Pour y parvenir par une voie différant, sur le plan de la méthode, d’un raisonnement a priori (transcendantal) de type kantien, l’apport épistémologique de la phénoménologie de la vie de Michel Henry et la philosophie de la biologie de Hans Jonas font l’objet d’une réinterprétation associée aux travaux de Dominique Lambert sur l’hylémorphisme aristotélicien. Une fois repensée en régime darwinien et en tenant compte des apports critiques d’Henry et Jonas, une réactualisation contemporaine de la théorie des formes permet de mettre en évidence les raisons pour lesquelles, d’un point de vue anthropologique et ontologique, l’attention existentielle aux membres plus vulnérables de nos sociétés peut être considérée comme un indice majeur de la découverte par l’homme de la dignité de son être spécifiquement inachevé et vulnérable.
Iron sources and dissolved‐particulate interactions in the seawater of the Western Equatorial Pacific, iron isotope perspectives
Authors: Labatut M. , Lacan F. , Pradoux C. , Chmeleff J. , Radic A. , Murray J. W. , Poitrasson F. , Johansen A. M. , Thil F.
Published: September 2014

This work presents iron isotope data in the western equatorial Pacific. Marine aerosols and top core margin sediments display a slightly heavy Fe isotopic composition (δ56Fe) of 0.33 ± 0.11‰ (2SD) and 0.14 ± 0.07‰, respectively. Samples reflecting the influence of Papua New Guinea runoff (Sepik River and Rabaul volcano water) are characterized by crustal values. In seawater, Fe is mainly supplied in the particulate form and is found with a δ56Fe between −0.49 and 0.34 ± 0.07‰. The particulate Fe seems to be brought mainly by runoff and transported across continental shelves and slopes. Aerosols are suspected to enrich the surface Vitiaz Strait waters, while hydrothermal activity likely enriched New Ireland waters. Dissolved Fe isotopic ratios are found between −0.03 and 0.53 ± 0.07‰. They are almost systematically heavier than the corresponding particulate Fe, and the difference between the signature of both phases is similar for most samples with Δ56FeDFe – PFe = +0.27 ± 0.25‰ (2SD). This is interpreted as an equilibrium isotopic fractionation revealing exchange fluxes between both phases. The dissolved phase being heavier than the particles suggests that the exchanges result in a net nonreductive release of dissolved Fe. This process seems to be locally significantly more intense than Fe reductive dissolution documented along reducing margins. It may therefore constitute a very significant iron source to the ocean, thereby influencing the actual estimation of the iron residence time and sinks. The underlying processes could also apply to other elements.
Contemporary Techniques for Freezing Mouse Spermatozoa
Authors: Guan Mo , Bogani Debora , Marschall Susan , Raspa Marcello , Takeo Toru , Nakagata Naomi , Taft Rob , Fray Martin
Published: September 2014

Each year, thousands of new mouse models are generated around the world to further biomedical research. Unfortunately, the cost of maintaining mouse colonies makes it uneconomical to keep strains on the shelf that are not part of active research programs. Ideally, these retired strains should be archived. If this is not done and the line is simply killed off, the genetics are lost to future generations of scientists. Traditionally, embryo freezing has been used to cryopreserve mice, but this is expensive, time consuming, requires large numbers of donor females, and usually involves invasive superovulation procedures. Sperm freezing circumvents all of these disadvantages and is rapidly becoming the technique of choice for many repositories. This has been made possible through the use of refined cryoprotective agents and the development of improved in vitro fertilization techniques. This article describes two popular sperm freezing techniques employed by mouse repositories to archive spermatozoa using cryoprotective agents supplemented with either L‐glutamine or monothioglycerol. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 4:85‐104 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tofacitinib With Methotrexate in Third‐Line Treatment of Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: Patient‐Reported Outcomes From a Phase III Trial
Authors: Strand Vibeke , Burmester Gerd R. , Zerbini Cristiano A. F. , Mebus Charles A. , Zwillich Samuel H. , Gruben David , Wallenstein Gene V.
Published: September 2014

Objective

To assess patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) for tofacitinib, an oral JAK inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in a 6‐month, phase III, randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Patients ages ≥18 years with active RA with an inadequate response to ≥1 tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) and receiving stable background methotrexate were randomized 2:2:1:1 to tofacitinib 5 mg or 10 mg twice daily, or placebo advanced to tofacitinib 5 mg or 10 mg twice daily at month 3. PROs measured at month 3 included patient global assessment of disease activity (PtGA), pain, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability index (DI), Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Short Form 36 Health Survey version 2 (SF‐36v2; acute), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue (FACIT‐F), and MOS Sleep Scale.

Results

Patients received tofacitinib 5 mg (n = 133) or 10 mg (n = 134) or placebo advanced to tofacitinib 5 mg (n = 66) or 10 mg (n = 66). HAQ DI (reported previously), PtGA (P < 0.0001), and SF‐36v2 physical and mental component summary (P < 0.05) scores were improved for both tofacitinib doses versus placebo. Furthermore, improvements greater than or equal to the minimum clinically important difference were more frequently reported by tofacitinib‐treated patients versus placebo for PtGA (P < 0.05), pain (P < 0.0001), HAQ DI (P < 0.05), SF‐36v2 physical and mental component summary scores (P < 0.05), and FACIT‐F (P < 0.001 for 5 mg twice daily). No statistical differences were observed in the MOS Sleep Scale.

Conclusion

Tofacitinib treatment resulted in significant, clinically meaningful improvements in multiple PROs versus placebo over 3 months of treatment in patients with active RA and a previous inadequate response to TNFi.
Diabetes Is Associated With Increased Hand Pain in Erosive Hand Osteoarthritis: Data From a Population‐Based Study
Authors: Magnusson Karin , Hagen Kåre Birger , Østerås Nina , Nordsletten Lars , Natvig Bård , Haugen Ida K.
Published: September 2014

Objective

To explore factors related to hand pain in persons with radiographic hand osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Persons in the Musculoskeletal Pain in Ullensaker Study with radiographic hand OA (≥1 joint with Kellgren/Lawrence grade ≥2) were included (n = 530). We examined the cross‐sectional association between possible explanatory variables and hand pain in the entire sample and in 2 hand OA phenotypes (erosive versus nonerosive) using structural equation analyses. Outcome variables were the Australian/Canadian Hand Osteoarthritis Index (AUSCAN; range 0–20) and number of tender finger joints upon palpation (NTJ; range 0–30).

Results

The mean age was 65 years (40–79 years) and 375 participants were women (71%). Diabetes mellitus, female sex, lower education status, familial OA, infrequent alcohol drinking, widespread pain, poor mental health, and higher number of finger joints with ultrasound‐detected synovitis and radiographic OA were related to more hand pain in the entire sample. Stratified analyses showed that diabetes mellitus was strongly associated with AUSCAN pain (B‐unstandardized coefficient = 3.81 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.27, 5.35]) and NTJ (B‐unstandardized coefficient = 4.16 [95% CI 2.01, 6.31]) in erosive hand OA only. In nonerosive OA, lower education status, having familial OA, and poor mental health were associated with hand OA pain. Widespread pain was associated with both outcomes in both phenotypes.

Conclusion

Structural and inflammatory OA changes as well as demographic factors, psychosocial factors, and diabetes mellitus were associated with pain in hand OA. The strong association between diabetes mellitus and pain in erosive hand OA should be further explored.
Disease Characteristics and Treatment Patterns in Veterans With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Concomitant Hepatitis C Infection
Authors: Patel Ruchika , Mikuls Ted R. , Richards John S. , Kerr Gail , Cannon Grant W. , Baker Joshua F.
Published: September 2014

Objective

To assess disease characteristics, disease activity, and treatment patterns in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with comorbid hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Methods

RA patients with concomitant HCV were identified within the Veterans Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry. HCV was defined as at least 1 diagnostic code present in medical record databases. Generalized estimating equations in linear regression models compared component and composite measures of disease activity between HCV‐positive and HCV‐negative patients over the study period, accounting for within‐subject correlations. Similar analysis of pharmacy databases evaluated medication use within each group.

Results

Ninety‐two of 1,706 registry participants (5.1%) were identified with concomitant HCV. At enrollment, HCV‐positive patients were younger (mean ± SD 61.7 ± 7.1 years versus 67.5 ± 11.2 years; P < 0.001), more often African American (35% versus 15%; P < 0.001), and smokers (48% versus 26%; P < 0.001). In unadjusted and adjusted analyses incorporating all study visits, patient‐reported outcomes (pain, tender joints, and patient global scores) were higher in HCV‐positive patients, contributing to higher disease activity scores. There was no difference in physician‐reported outcomes (swollen joints or physician global scores). HCV‐positive patients had lower C‐reactive protein levels (β −0.30 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) −0.53, −0.07], P = 0.01). Over all visits, HCV‐positive patients were less likely to receive methotrexate (odds ratio [OR] 0.27 [95% CI 0.17, 0.40], P < 0.001), and more likely to receive prednisone (OR 1.41 [95% CI 1.02, 1.97], P = 0.04) and anti–tumor necrosis factor α (anti‐TNFα) therapies (OR 1.51 [95% CI 1.04, 2.19], P = 0.03).

Conclusion

RA patients with concomitant HCV have higher disease activity scores, driven primarily by higher patient‐reported measures. HCV‐positive patients were more likely to be treated with prednisone and anti‐TNFα therapies and less likely to receive methotrexate compared to HCV‐negative patients.
Anthropometric Measurements as a Screening Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves and Accuracy
Authors: Mondelli Mauro , Curti Stefania , Farioli Andrea , Aretini Alessandro , Ginanneschi Federica , Greco Giuseppe , Mattioli Stefano
Published: September 2014

Objective

To identify optimal cutoff values for body, hand, and wrist measurements in order to correctly identify individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Methods

We enrolled patients with CTS and control subjects at a 1:2 ratio, regardless of age and sex. The diagnosis of CTS was based on clinical findings and delayed distal conduction velocity of the median nerve. The anthropometric measurements included weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumferences, wrist depth/width, third digit length, and palm length/width. Obesity indicators and hand/wrist ratios were calculated. Area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios were calculated separately according to sex. To assess the role of multiple anthropometric measurements, we fit multivariable logistic regression models including age, wrist ratio, shape index, body mass index, and waist‐to‐hip ratio.

Results

The study group comprised 1,117 subjects (250 female patients and 474 female controls; 120 male patients and 273 male controls). In women, the accuracy of all anthropometric measures was low (AUC ≤0.64). In men, the accuracy of the hand ratio, shape index, and wrist‐to‐palm ratio was moderate (AUC = 0.75). The estimates from the multivariable models confirmed the well‐known associations between the selected variables and the risk of CTS, but the use of multiple predictors did not dramatically improve the diagnostic performance observed for single anthropometric indexes.

Conclusion

In clinical practice, the cutoff values for many anthropometric measurements have limited value as tools for the diagnosis of CTS.
Direct Oxidative Arylation of C(sp3)H Bonds Adjacent to Oxygen of Ethers and Alcohols
Authors: Pandit Rameshwar Prasad , Lee Yong Rok
Published: September 2014

The direct arylation of C(sp3)H bonds adjacent to oxygen in ethers with phenol and naphthol derivatives was developed via palladium(II) acetate/copper(II) triflate [Pd(OAc)2/Cu(OTf)2]‐catalyzed cross‐dehydrgenative coupling in the presence of tert‐butyl hyroperoxide (TBHP). This process provides exclusive installation of a tetrahydrofuranyl moiety at a more hindered position of multiply substituted phenol derivatives. The cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of 1,4‐dihydroxynaphthalene with cyclic ethers and free alcohols afforded biologically interesting 2‐substituted 1,4‐naphthoquinone derivatives.

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Consecutive Three‐Component Synthesis of 2,6‐Disubstituted Pyrimid‐4(3H)‐ones and 1,5‐Disubstituted 3‐Hydroxypyrazoles Initiated by Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Carboxylation of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Schreiner Ella , Braun Stephan , Kwasnitschka Christiane , Frank Walter , Müller Thomas J. J.
Published: September 2014

A copper(I)‐catalyzed carboxylation of terminal alkynes followed trapping of the carboxylate with methyl iodide provides a straightforward access to 3‐substituted methyl propiolates that can be reacted in the same reaction vessel in a consecutive fashion to give 2,6‐disubstituted pyrimid‐4(3H)‐ones and 1,5‐disubstituted 3‐hydroxypyrazoles in moderate to good yields. The Cu(I)‐catalyzed carboxylation with carbon dioxide as C1 source therefore provides an environmentally benign entry to three‐carbon building blocks in heterocyclic synthesis.

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Visible Light‐Mediated Coupling of α‐Bromochalcones with Alkenes
Authors: Paria Suva , Kais Viktor , Reiser Oliver
Published: September 2014

Photoredox catalyzed intermolecular couplings of α‐bromochalcones to olefins have been developed. Employing 1 mol% of the iridium complex Ir(ppy)3 as photocatalyst, vinyl radicals are generated from α‐bromochalcones as the key intermediate, which efficiently engage in a formal [4+2] cyclization with various alkenes. The resulting 3,4‐dihydronaphthalenes can be readily transformed to the corresponding naphthalenes and further cyclized to 5H‐benzo[c]fluorenes. Alternatively, Heck‐type coupling products are obtained with sterically more hindered alkenes or allylated products if the alkene possesses a suitable leaving group in the allylic position.

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Parental childhood growth and offspring birthweight: Pooled analyses from four birth cohorts in low and middle income countries
Authors: Addo O.Y. , Stein A.D. , Fall C.H.D , Gigante D.P. , Guntupalli A.M. , Horta B.L. , Kuzawa C.W. , Lee N. , Norris S.A. , Osmond C. , Prabhakaran P. , Richter L.M. , Sachdev H.P.S. , Martorell R. ,   and on Behalf of the Cohorts Group
Published: September 2014

Objective

Associations between parental and offspring size at birth are well established, but the relative importance of parental growth at different ages as predictors of offspring birthweight is less certain. Here we model parental birthweight and postnatal conditional growth in specific age periods as predictors of offspring birthweight.

Methods

We analyzed data from 3,392 adults participating in four prospective birth cohorts and 5,506 of their offspring.

Results

There was no significant heterogeneity by study site or offspring sex. 1SD increase in maternal birthweight was associated with offspring birthweight increases of 102 g, 1SD in maternal length growth 0–2 year with 46 g, and 1SD in maternal height growth Mid‐childhood (MC)‐adulthood with 27 g. Maternal relative weight measures were associated with 24 g offspring birth weight increases (2 year‐ MC) and 49 g for MC‐adulthood period but not with earlier relative weight 0–2 year. For fathers, birthweight, and linear/length growth from 0–2 year were associated with increases of 57 and 56 g in offspring birthweight, respectively but not thereafter.

Conclusions

Maternal and paternal birthweight and growth from birth to 2 year each predict offspring birthweight. Maternal growth from MC‐adulthood, relative weight from 2‐MC and MC‐adulthood also predict offspring birthweight. These findings suggest that shared genes and/or adequate nutrition during early life for both parents may confer benefits to the next generation, and highlight the importance of maternal height and weight prior to conception. The stronger matrilineal than patrilineal relationships with offspring birth weight are consistent with the hypothesis that improving the early growth conditions of young females can improve birth outcomes in the next generation. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:99–105, 2015. © 2014 The Authors American Journal of Human Biology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hybridization effects and genetic diversity of the common and black‐tufted marmoset (Callithrix jacchusandCallithrix penicillata) mitochondrial control region
Authors: Malukiewicz Joanna , Boere Vanner , Fuzessy Lisieux F. , Grativol Adriana D. , French Jeffrey A. , Silva Ita de Oliveira e , Pereira Luiz C.M. , Ruiz‐Miranda Carlos R. , Valença Yuri M. , Stone Anne C.
Published: September 2014

Hybridization is continually documented in primates, but effects of natural and anthropogenic hybridization on biodiversity are still unclear and differentiating between these contexts remains challenging in regards to primate evolution and conservation. Here, we examine hybridization effects on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region ofCallithrixmarmosets, which provide a unique glimpse into interspecific mating under distinct anthropogenic and natural conditions. DNA was sampled from 40 marmosets along a 50‐km transect from a previously uncharacterized hybrid zone in NE Brazil between the ranges ofCallithrix jacchusandCallithrix penicillata. DNA was also collected from 46 marmosets along a 30‐km transect in a hybrid zone in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, where exotic marmosets appeared in the 1980s. CombiningCallithrixDNA sampled inside and outside of these hybrid zones, phylogenetic and network analyses showC. jacchusandC. penicillatabeing parental species to sampled hybrids. We expand limitedCallithrixpopulation genetics work by describing mtDNA diversity and demographic history of these parental species. We show ancient population expansion inC. jacchusand historically constant population size inC. penicillata, with the latter being more genetically diverse than the former. The natural hybrid zone contained higher genetic diversity relative to the anthropogenic zone. While our data suggest hybrid swarm formation within the anthropogenic zone due to removed physical reproductive barriers, this pattern is not seen in the natural hybrid zone. These results suggest different genetic dynamics within natural and anthropogenic hybridization contexts that carry important implications for primate evolution and conservation. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:522–536, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of radiofrequency turbinoplasty vs two other methods in the management of polypoid changes of the middle turbinate: a randomized trial
Authors: Saedi Babak , Amali Amin , Alizadeh Narges , Hwang Peter , Meisami Ali Pasha
Published: September 2014

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of middle turbinate radiofrequency (RF) turbinoplasty for the management of the polypoid middle turbinate compared to middle turbinate resection and middle turbinate medialization.

Methods

The study was performed on 90 patients at a tertiary referral hospital with nasal polyposis resistant to maximal medical treatment. At the time of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), patients were randomized into 3 groups with respect to the management of the middle turbinate: middle turbinate turbinoplasty by RF; partial resection of the middle turbinate; and medialization of the middle turbinate by scarification to the septum. We evaluated the patients’ symptoms according to the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) preoperatively and 1 year after surgery. Additionally, polyp recurrence and complications were compared among the 3 groups.

Result

One year after surgery, there was no significant difference in SNOT‐22 scores between the groups. However, the RF group had a significantly lower polyp recurrence rate when compared to other groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

RF middle turbinate turbinoplasty could be considered an alternative to other common approaches, but it needs further long‐term studies before widespread usage.
Processing behavior and mechanical properties of autopolymerizing hypoallergenic denture base polymers
Authors: Schellenberg Jürgen , Otto Tobias , Schadewald Anke
Published: September 2014

Driven by the phenomenon of increasing irritations and allergic reactions of dental prosthesis carriers preferably due to residual methyl methacrylate monomer in conventional dental materials, autopolymerizing hypoallergenic denture base polymers were prepared as two‐component materials in the shape of paste/paste‐ or powder/liquid systems. The processing behavior of these materials was investigated regarding the processing and solidification times also in dependence on the polymerization catalyst concentration, whereas the whole processing and curing characteristics and the final polymer properties were evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis in shear mode in the temperature range from −145°C to 200°C. The mechanical properties of the hypoallergenic denture base polymers were validated regarding stiffness (flexural modulus E') and fracture toughness (maximum factor of loading intensity
, total work of fracture
) and the effects of monomer composition, kind of resin powder, impact modification by the liquid component, and water immersion on these properties were investigated. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41378.
Brief Report: Anti–Citrullinated Protein Antibody Positivity Correlates With Cartilage Damage and Proteoglycan Levels in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Hand Joints
Authors: Renner Nina , Krönke Gerhard , Rech Jürgen , Uder Michael , Janka Rolf , Lauer Lars , Paul Dominik , Herz Barbara , Schlechtweg Philipp , Hennig Friedrich Frank , Schett Georg , Welsch Götz
Published: September 2014

Objective

To investigate the factors associated with cartilage proteoglycan content in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

A total of 32 RA patients received high‐field 3T delayed gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) to determine cartilage proteoglycan content. Measurements were performed in 3 individual cartilage regions (medial, central, and lateral) of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints 2 and 3. T1 dGEMRIC values were then related to disease duration, disease activity, anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) status, rheumatoid factor (RF) status, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) level.

Results

T1 dGEMRIC values did not differ significantly between MCP joints 2 and 3. Intraclass correlation coefficients were high (>0.92) for all 3 cartilage compartments (medial, central, and lateral). T1 dGEMRIC values were significantly lower in RA patients with longer disease duration (≥3 years) (P = 0.034 for the central compartment) and those with ACPA positivity (P = 0.0002 for the central compartment, P = 0.013 for the lateral compartment). In contrast, no associations were found between cartilage proteoglycan content and disease activity, CRP level, or RF status.

Conclusion

Decreased cartilage proteoglycan content in RA patients is associated with disease duration and ACPA positivity but not with actual disease activity, CRP level, or RF status. These data suggest that the cumulative burden of inflammation as well as ACPAs are the determinants of cartilage damage in RA.
Brief Report: Autoantibodies to DNA Mismatch Repair Enzymes in Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis and Other Autoimmune Diseases: A Possible Marker of Favorable Prognosis
Authors: Muro Yoshinao , Nakashima Ran , Hosono Yuji , Sugiura Kazumitsu , Mimori Tsuneyo , Akiyama Masashi
Published: September 2014

Objective

Myositis‐specific autoantibodies (MSAs) are useful tools for identifying clinical subsets of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). There have been few reports on antibodies to some DNA mismatch repair enzymes (MMREs) in patients with IIMs. This study was undertaken to determine the frequencies and clinical associations of antibodies to 7 types of MMREs (MLH1, MLH3, MSH2, MSH3, MSH6, PMS1, and PMS2) in patients with IIMs and other systemic autoimmune diseases.

Methods

Clinical data and serum samples were collected from 239 Japanese patients with IIMs (147 with adult dermatomyositis, 13 with juvenile dermatomyositis, 57 with polymyositis, and 22 with myositis overlap syndrome). One hundred patients with other diseases, including 40 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), were assessed as disease controls. The presence of anti‐MMRE antibodies in serum was examined by immunoprecipitation, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and immunoprecipitation/Western blotting.

Results

Anti‐MMRE antibodies were found in 15 patients with IIMs and 3 patients with SLE. They were restricted to MLH1, PMS1, MSH2, and PMS2, with simultaneous positivity for more than one of these antibodies occurring in some patients. Nine IIM patients with anti‐MMREs also had other MSAs and their associated clinical features. All patients with anti‐MMREs were still living at the time of the present analysis.

Conclusion

Anti‐MMRE antibodies, which often coexist with other MSAs, may be serologic markers for good prognosis in IIMs.
Simple amino acid tags improve both expression and secretion of Candida antarctica lipase B in recombinant Escherichia coli
Authors: Kim Sun‐Ki , Park Yong‐Cheol , Lee Hyung Ho , Jeon Seung Taeg , Min Won‐Ki , Seo Jin‐Ho
Published: September 2014

Escherichia coli is the best‐established microbial host strain for production of proteins and chemicals, but has a weakness for not secreting high amounts of active heterologous proteins to the extracellular culture medium, of which origins belong to whether prokaryotes or eukaryotes. In this study, Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB), a popular eukaryotic enzyme which catalyzes a number of biochemical reactions and barely secreted extracellularly, was expressed functionally at a gram scale in culture medium by using a simple amino acid‐tag system of E. coli. New fusion tag systems consisting of a pelB signal sequence and various anion amino acid tags facilitated both intracellular expression and extracellular secretion of CalB. Among them, the N‐terminal five aspartate tag changed the quaternary structure of the dimeric CalB and allowed production of 1.9 g/L active CalB with 65 U/mL activity in culture medium, which exhibited the same enzymatic properties as the commercial CalB. This PelB‐anion amino acid tag‐based expression system for CalB can be extended to production of other industrial proteins hardly expressed and exported from E. coli, thereby increasing target protein concentrations and minimizing purification steps. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 346–355. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oxidative stress and cannabinoid receptor expression in type‐2 diabetic rat pancreas following treatment with Δ9‐THC
Authors: Coskun Zeynep Mine , Bolkent Sema
Published: September 2014

The objectives of study were (a) to determine alteration of feeding, glucose level and oxidative stress and (b) to investigate expression and localization of cannabinoid receptors in type‐2 diabetic rat pancreas treated with Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC). Rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, Δ9‐THC, diabetes and diabetes + Δ9‐THC groups. Diabetic rats were treated with a single dose of nicotinamide (85 mg/kg) 15 min before injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). Δ9‐THC was administered intraperitoneally at 3 mg/kg/day for 7 days. Body weights and blood glucose level of rats in all groups were measured on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. On day 15 after the Δ9‐THC injections, pancreatic tissues were removed. Blood glucose levels and body weights of diabetic rats treated with Δ9‐THC did not show statistically significant changes when compared with the diabetic animals on days 7, 14 and 21. Treatment with Δ9‐THC significantly increased pancreas glutathione levels, enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in diabetes compared with non‐treatment diabetes group. The cannabinoid 1 receptor was found in islets, whereas the cannabinoid 2 receptor was found in pancreatic ducts. Their localization in cells was both nuclear and cytoplasmic. We can suggest that Δ9‐THC may be an important agent for the treatment of oxidative damages induced by diabetes. However, it must be supported with anti‐hyperglycaemic agents. Furthermore, the present study for the first time emphasizes that Δ9‐THC may improve pancreatic cells via cannabinoid receptors in diabetes.

The aim of present study was to elucidate the effects of Δ9‐THC, a natural cannabinoid receptor agonist, on the expression and localization of cannabinoid receptors, and oxidative stress statue in type‐2 diabetic rat pancreas. Results demonstrate that the cannabinoid receptors are presented in both Langerhans islets and duct regions. The curative effects of Δ9‐THC can be occurred via activation of cannabinoid receptors in diabetic rat pancreas. Moreover, it may provide a protective effect against oxidative damage induced by diabetes. Thus, it is suggested that Δ9‐THC can be a candidate for therapeutic alternatives of diabetes symptoms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pogostol Biosynthesis by the Endophytic Fungus Geniculosporium
Authors: Barra Lena , Schulz Barbara , Dickschat Jeroen S.
Published: September 2014

Six 13C‐labelled isotopomers of mevalonolactone were synthesised and used in feeding experiments with the endophytic fungus Geniculosporium. The high incorporation rates of 13C‐label into a sesquiterpene that was found in headspace extracts of the fungus enabled unambiguous identification of this volatile as pogostol without the need for compound purification, simply by collecting the volatile fraction with a closed‐loop stripping apparatus followed by direct 13C NMR analysis (CLSA‐NMR). The feeding experiments also gave insights into the biosynthesis of pogostol, including stereochemical aspects of the terpene cyclisation reaction. The possible biological function of pogostol is discussed.
K562 cells display different vulnerability to H2O2 induced oxidative stress in differing cell cycle phases
Authors: Akcakaya Handan , Dal Fulya , Tok Sabiha , Cinar Suzan‐Adin , Nurten Rustem
Published: September 2014

Oxidative stress can be defined as the increase of oxidizing agents like reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, or the imbalance between the antioxidative defense mechanism and oxidants. Cell cycle checkpoint response can be defined as the arrest of the cell cycle functioning after damaging chemical exposure. This temporary arrest may be a period of time given to the cells to repair the DNA damage before entering the cycle again and completing mitosis. In order to determine the effects of oxidative stress on several cell cycle phases, human erytroleukemia cell line (K562) was synchronized with mimosine and genistein, and cell cycle analysis carried out. Synchronized cells were exposed to oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at several concentrations and different times. Changes on mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) of K562 cells were analyzed in G1, S, and G2/M using Rhodamine 123 (Rho 123). To determine apoptosis and necrosis, stressed cells were stained with Annexin V (AnnV) and propidium iodide (PI) for flow cytometry. Changes were observed in the ΔΨm of synchronized and asynchronized cells that were exposed to oxidative stress. Synchronized cells in S phase proved resistant to the effects of oxidative stress and synchronized cells at G2/M phase were sensitive to the effects of H2O2‐induced oxidative stress at 500 μM and above.