bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Holocene Climate Modulates Mud Supply, Transport, and Sedimentation on the East China Sea Shelf
Authors: Dong Jiang , Li Anchun , Liu Xiting , Wan Shiming , Xu Fangjian , Shi Xuefa
Published: July 2020

Shelf mud is an important sink for fluvial sediment, and it is sensitive to variations in river discharge and ocean circulation, which are significantly influenced by climate change. However, the evolution of shelf mud in response to climate change during the Holocene is poorly understood. Here, we present high‐resolution sedimentary records of heavy minerals and mass accumulation rates (MARs) from the East China Sea shelf to study the response mechanisms of the Holocene shelf mud supply, transport, and sedimentation to the climate‐driven variations in fluvial discharge and ocean currents. The results indicate that the shelf mud primarily originates from the Changjiang (Yangtze) River and has been mainly transported by wind‐driven longshore currents in suspension since approximately 8.0 ka. A comparison of the MARs with several shelf mud sedimentation‐rate records and climate changes during the Holocene on millennial timescales showed that strong (weak) precipitation in the river basin, which is positively linked with Asian summer monsoon and El Niño‐driven storms, could intensify (weaken) the fluvial sediment supply, thereby increasing (decreasing) the shelf mud deposition flux. On multicentennial timescales, changes in the relative intensities of different ocean currents due to climate oscillations during the Holocene could generate frequent migrations of the current shear front (a hydrodynamic barrier), which has trapped an abundance of suspended materials on the shoreward side and resulted in rapid mud sedimentation (~2.3 g/cm2/year) at different sites during different periods. Therefore, our study highlights that the Holocene shelf mud evolution responds sensitively to climate changes on different timescales.
Measurements and Simulations of the Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Low‐Latitude Power Networks During Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Zhang J. J. , Yu Y. Q. , Wang C. , Du D. , Wei D. , Liu L. G.
Published: July 2020

The issue of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) on large distance ground‐based conductive systems is a global space weather concern nowadays. The low‐latitude power grids are becoming more vulnerable to GICs hazards due to their increasing scale and degree of interconnection. Thus, GICs measurement and modeling in these systems is of great importance. In this study, we present an analysis of the GICs measurement at a Chinese low‐latitude substation during geomagnetic storms. The results show a rough positive correlation between the magnitude of large GIC spikes and dBH/dt spikes. We then built a physical‐based model to simulate the GICs at the low‐latitude substation during storms. It was found that the simulations capture the main active periods of the GICs during the storms with comparative strength of the measurement. This differs from the previous simulation results for high‐latitude regions conducted by Welling et al. (2017; https://doi.org/10.1002/2016SW001505). Furthermore, the event analysis method is applied to evaluate the model performance. The results indicate that the physical‐based model is more applicable than the persistence model in the prediction of GICs at low‐latitude power grids during storms.
Stress proteins: the biological functions in virus infection, present and challenges for target-based antiviral drug development
Authors: Wan Qianya , Song Dan , Li Huangcan , He Ming-liang
Published: July 2020

Stress proteins (SPs) including heat-shock proteins (HSPs), RNA chaperones, and ER associated stress proteins are molecular chaperones essential for cellular homeostasis. The major functions of HSPs include chaperoning misfolded or unfolded polypeptides, protecting cells from toxic stress, and presenting immune and inflammatory cytokines. Regarded as a double-edged sword, HSPs also cooperate with numerous viruses and cancer cells to promote their survival. RNA chaperones are a group of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), which are essential factors for manipulating both the functions and metabolisms of pre-mRNAs/hnRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II. hnRNPs involve in a large number of cellular processes, including chromatin remodelling, transcription regulation, RNP assembly and stabilization, RNA export, virus replication, histone-like nucleoid structuring, and even intracellular immunity. Dysregulation of stress proteins is associated with many human diseases including human cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson’s diseases, Alzheimer disease), stroke and infectious diseases. In this review, we summarized the biologic function of stress proteins, and current progress on their mechanisms related to virus reproduction and diseases caused by virus infections. As SPs also attract a great interest as potential antiviral targets (e.g., COVID-19), we also discuss the present progress and challenges in this area of HSP-based drug development, as well as with compounds already under clinical evaluation.
HOTAIRM1 regulates neuronal differentiation by modulating NEUROGENIN 2 and the downstream neurogenic cascade
Authors: Rea Jessica , Menci Valentina , Tollis Paolo , Santini Tiziana , Armaos Alexandros , Garone Maria Giovanna , Iberite Federica , Cipriano Andrea , Tartaglia Gian Gaetano , Rosa Alessandro , Ballarino Monica , Laneve Pietro , Caffarelli Elisa
Published: July 2020

Neuronal differentiation is a timely and spatially regulated process, relying on precisely orchestrated gene expression control. The sequential activation/repression of genes driving cell fate specification is achieved by complex regulatory networks, where transcription factors and noncoding RNAs work in a coordinated manner. Herein, we identify the long noncoding RNA HOTAIRM1 (HOXA Transcript Antisense RNA, Myeloid-Specific 1) as a new player in neuronal differentiation. We demonstrate that the neuronal-enriched HOTAIRM1 isoform epigenetically controls the expression of the proneural transcription factor NEUROGENIN 2 that is key to neuronal fate commitment and critical for brain development. We also show that HOTAIRM1 activity impacts on NEUROGENIN 2 downstream regulatory cascade, thus contributing to the achievement of proper neuronal differentiation timing. Finally, we identify the RNA-binding proteins HNRNPK and FUS as regulators of HOTAIRM1 biogenesis and metabolism. Our findings uncover a new regulatory layer underlying NEUROGENIN 2 transitory expression in neuronal differentiation and reveal a previously unidentified function for the neuronal-induced long noncoding RNA HOTAIRM1.
The choline transporter Slc44a2 controls platelet activation and thrombosis by regulating mitochondrial function
Authors: Bennett J. Allen , Mastrangelo Michael A. , Ture Sara K. , Smith Charles O. , Loelius Shannon G. , Berg Rachel A. , Shi Xu , Burke Ryan M. , Spinelli Sherry L. , Cameron Scott J. , Carey Thomas E. , Brookes Paul S. , Gerszten Robert E. , Sabater-Lleal Maria , de Vries Paul S. , Huffman Jennifer E. , Smith Nicholas L. , Morrell Craig N. , Lowenstein Charles J.
Published: July 2020

Genetic factors contribute to the risk of thrombotic diseases. Recent genome wide association studies have identified genetic loci including SLC44A2 which may regulate thrombosis. Here we show that Slc44a2 controls platelet activation and thrombosis by regulating mitochondrial energetics. We find that Slc44a2 null mice (Slc44a2(KO)) have increased bleeding times and delayed thrombosis compared to wild-type (Slc44a2(WT)) controls. Platelets from Slc44a2(KO) mice have impaired activation in response to thrombin. We discover that Slc44a2 mediates choline transport into mitochondria, where choline metabolism leads to an increase in mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP production. Platelets lacking Slc44a2 contain less ATP at rest, release less ATP when activated, and have an activation defect that can be rescued by exogenous ADP. Taken together, our data suggest that mitochondria require choline for maximum function, demonstrate the importance of mitochondrial metabolism to platelet activation, and reveal a mechanism by which Slc44a2 influences thrombosis.
Contextual fear memory retrieval by correlated ensembles of ventral CA1 neurons
Authors: Jimenez Jessica C. , Berry Jack E. , Lim Sean C. , Ong Samantha K. , Kheirbek Mazen A. , Hen Rene
Published: July 2020

Ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1) projections to the amygdala are necessary for contextual fear memory. Here we used in vivo Ca2+ imaging in mice to assess the temporal dynamics by which ensembles of vCA1 neurons mediate encoding and retrieval of contextual fear memories. We found that a subset of vCA1 neurons were responsive to the aversive shock during context conditioning, their activity was necessary for memory encoding, and these shock-responsive neurons were enriched in the vCA1 projection to the amygdala. During memory retrieval, a population of vCA1 neurons became correlated with shock-encoding neurons, and the magnitude of synchronized activity within this population was proportional to memory strength. The emergence of these correlated networks was disrupted by inhibiting vCA1 shock responses during memory encoding. Thus, our findings suggest that networks of cells that become correlated with shock-responsive neurons in vCA1 are essential components of contextual fear memory ensembles.
Involvement of hyaluronan in the adaptive changes of the rat small intestine neuromuscular function after ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Bistoletti Michela , Bosi Annalisa , Caon Ilaria , Chiaravalli Anna Maria , Moretto Paola , Genoni Angelo , Moro Elisabetta , Karousou Evgenia , Viola Manuela , Crema Francesca , Baj Andreina , Passi Alberto , Vigetti Davide , Giaroni Cristina
Published: July 2020

Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has severe consequences on myenteric neurons, which can be irreversibly compromised resulting in slowing of transit and hindered food digestion. Myenteric neurons synthesize hyaluronan (HA) to form a well-structured perineuronal net, which undergoes derangement when myenteric ganglia homeostasis is perturbed, i.e. during inflammation. In this study we evaluated HA involvement in rat small intestine myenteric plexus after in vivo I/R injury induced by clamping a branch of the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. In some experiments, 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU, 25 mg/kg), a HA synthesis inhibitor, was intraperitoneally administered to normal (CTR), sham-operated (SH) and I/R animals for 24 h. In longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus (LMMP) whole-mount preparations, HA binding protein staining as well as HA levels were significantly higher in the I/R group, and were reduced after 4-MU treatment. HA synthase 1 and 2 (HAS1 and HAS2) labelled myenteric neurons and mRNA levels in LMMPs increased in the I/R group with respect to CTR, and were reduced by 4-MU. The efficiency of the gastrointestinal transit was significantly reduced in I/R and 4-MU-treated I/R groups with respect to CTR and SH groups. In the 4-MU-treated I/R group gastric emptying was reduced with respect to the CTR, SH and I/R groups. Carbachol (CCh) and electrical field (EFS, 0.1–40 Hz) stimulated contractions and EFS-induced (10 Hz) NANC relaxations were reduced in the I/R group with respect to both CTR and SH groups. After I/R, 4-MU treatment increased EFS contractions towards control values, but did not affect CCh-induced contractions. NANC on-relaxations after I/R were not influenced by 4-MU treatment. Main alterations in the neurochemical coding of both excitatory (tachykinergic) and inhibitory pathways (iNOS, VIPergic) were also observed after I/R, and were influenced by 4-MU administration. Overall, our data suggest that, after an intestinal I/R damage, changes of HA homeostasis in specific myenteric neuron populations may influence the efficiency of the gastrointestinal transit. We cannot exclude that modulation of HA synthesis in these conditions may ameliorate derangement of the enteric motor function preventing, at least in part, the development of dysmotility.
Factors and costs associated with removal of a newly established population of invasive wild pigs in Northern U.S.
Authors: Fischer Justin W. , Snow Nathan P. , Wilson Bradley E. , Beckerman Scott F. , Jacques Christopher N. , VanNatta Eric H. , Kay Shannon L. , VerCauteren Kurt C.
Published: July 2020

The human-mediated spread of exotic and invasive species often leads to unintentional and harmful consequences. Invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are one such species that have been repeatedly translocated throughout the United States and cause extensive damage to natural ecosystems, threatened and endangered species, agricultural resources, and private lands. In 2005, a newly established population of wild pigs was confirmed in Fulton County, Illinois, U.S. In 2011, a state-wide wild pig damage management program involving federal, state, and local government authorities directed a concerted effort to remove wild pigs from the county until the last wild pig (of 376 total) was successfully removed in 2016. We examined surveillance data from camera traps at bait sites and records of wild pig removals during this elimination program to identify environmental and anthropogenic factors that optimized removal of this population. Our results revealed that wild pigs used bait sites most during evening and nocturnal periods and on days with lower daily maximum temperatures. Increased removals of wild pigs coincided with periods of cold weather. We also identified that fidelity and time spent at bait sites by wild pigs was not influenced by increasing removals of wild pigs. Finally, the costs to remove wild pigs averaged $50 per wild pig (6.8 effort hours per wild pig) for removing the first 99% of the animals. Cost for removing the last 1% increased 84-fold, and averaged 122.8 effort hours per wild pig removed. Our results demonstrated that increased effort in removing wild pigs using bait sites should be focused during periods of environmental stress to maximize removal efficiency. These results inform elimination programs attempting to remove newly established populations of wild pigs, and ultimately prevent population and geographic expansion.
Performance prediction of crosses in plant breeding through genotype by environment interactions
Authors: Ansarifar Javad , Akhavizadegan Faezeh , Wang Lizhi
Published: July 2020

Performance prediction of potential crosses plays a significant role in plant breeding, which aims to produce new crop varieties that have higher yields, require fewer resources, and are more adaptable to the changing environments. In the 2020 Syngenta crop challenge, Syngenta challenged participants to predict the yield performance of a list of potential breeding crosses of inbreds and testers based on their historical yield data in different environments. They released a dataset that contained the observed yields for 294,128 corn hybrids through the crossing of 593 unique inbreds and 496 unique testers across multiple environments between 2016 and 2018. To address this challenge, we designed a new predictive approach that integrates random forest and an optimization model for G $$\times $$× E interaction detection. Our computational experiment found that our approach achieved a relative root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of 0.0869 for the validation data, outperforming other state-of-the-art models such as factorization machine and extreme gradient boosting tree. Our model was also able to detect genotype by environment interactions that are potentially biologically insightful. This model won the first place in the 2020 Syngenta crop challenge in analytics.
Erlotinib can halt adenine induced nephrotoxicity in mice through modulating ERK1/2, STAT3, p53 and apoptotic pathways
Authors: Awad Ahmed M. , Saleh Mohamed A. , Abu-Elsaad Nashwa M. , Ibrahim Tarek M.
Published: July 2020

Renal fibrosis is a failed regenerative process that facilitates chronic kidney disease progression. The current study was designed to study the effect of erlotinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on the progression of renal fibrosis. The study included four groups of mice: control group; adenine group: received adenine (0.2% w/w) daily with food for 4 weeks; erlotinib group: received 80 mg/kg/day erlotinib orally (6 ml/kg/day, 1.3% w/v suspension in normal saline 0.9%) for 4 weeks; adenine + erlotinib group: received adenine and erlotinib concurrently. Kidney function and antioxidant biomarkers were measured. Renal expression of Bcl2 and p53 and histopathological changes (tubular injury and renal fibrosis) were scored. Renal tissue levels of transforming growth factor-β1, p-ERK1/2 and p-STAT3 were measured. Results obtained showed significant decrease (P < 0.001) in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid in erlotinib + adenine group. Level of malondialdehyde was decreased significantly (P < 0.001) while reduced glutathione and catalase levels were increased (P < 0.01) by erlotinib concurrent administration. Erlotinib markedly reduced fibrosis and tubular injury and decreased TGF-β1, p-ERK1/2 and p-STAT3 (P < 0.5). In addition, expression level of Bcl-2 was elevated (P < 0.001) while that of p53-was reduced compared to adenine alone. Erlotinib can attenuate renal fibrosis development and progression through anti-fibrotic, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic pathways.
Retraction Note: Chondro-protective effects of polydatin in osteoarthritis through its effect on restoring dysregulated autophagy via modulating MAPK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways
Authors: Wu Zhengyuan , Luan Zhiwei , Zhang Xiaohan , Zou Kai , Ma Shiting , Yang Zhenyi , Feng Wenyu , He Mingwei , Jiang Linhua , Li Jia , Yao Jun
Published: July 2020

This article has been retracted.
A novel method for sensitive detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 based on an aptamer and hybridization chain reaction
Authors: Liu Yuexin , Chen Ping , Yuan Shuai , Sun Bo , Sun Rui , Meng Xianghui
Published: July 2020

A novel assay for the sensitive detection of E. coli O157:H7 using an aptamer-based HCR, which provided a universal platform for other bacterial detection.
Regulating the electrochemical behaviours of a hierarchically structured Co3(PO4)2/Ni–Co–O for a high-performance all-solid-state supercapacitor
Authors: Yan Tianxiang , Feng Hanfang , Ma Xueying , Han Lifeng , Zhang Li , Cao Shaokui
Published: July 2020

Regulation of electrochemical behaviours by incorporating extrinsically pseudocapacitive materials (nanostructured Ni–Co–O) with battery materials (Co3(PO4)2) in one electrode architecture.
Synthesis of heteroleptic gallium-substituted antimony hydrides by stepwise β-H elimination
Authors: Helling Christoph , Wölper Christoph , Schulz Stephan
Published: July 2020

Heteroleptic Ga-substituted Sb hydrides were synthesized by elimination of 1,2,3,4-tetramethylfulvene starting from monovalent gallanediyl LGa and pentamethylcyclopentadienyl stibanes Cp*(R)SbCl.
Promoted oxygen reduction kinetics on nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbon by engineering proton-feeding centers
Authors: Chen Guangbo , Wang Tao , Liu Pan , Liao Zhongquan , Zhong Haixia , Wang Gang , Zhang Panpan , Yu Minghao , Zschech Ehrenfried , Chen Mingwei , Zhang Jian , Feng Xinliang
Published: July 2020

We demonstrate the important role of the water dissociation process in proton-feeding and enhancing ORR kinetics under an alkaline environment.
Ononis spinosa L., an edible and medicinal plant: UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap/MS chemical profiling and biological activities of the herbal extract
Authors: Stojković Dejan , Drakulić Danijela , Gašić Uroš , Zengin Gokhan , Stevanović Milena , Rajčević Nemanja , Soković Marina
Published: July 2020

This study explored the chemical profile of the aerial parts of Ononis spinosa and further investigated its biological activities.
Rapid synthesis of ultra-long silver nanowires for high performance transparent electrodes
Authors: Madeira Alexandra , Papanastasiou Dorina T. , Toupance Thierry , Servant Laurent , Tréguer-Delapierre Mona , Bellet Daniel , Goldthorpe I. A.
Published: July 2020

Ultra-long silver nanowires are rapidly synthesized at low temperatures by using 1,2-propanediol as the reaction solvent and lead to transparent electrodes with excellent optoelectronic properties.
Synthesis of large gold nanoparticles with deformation twinnings by one-step seeded growth with Cu(ii)-mediated Ostwald ripening for determining nitrile and isonitrile groups
Authors: Wu Chenshuo , He Hongpeng , Song Yahui , Bi Cuixia , Xing Lixiang , Du Wei , Li Shenggang , Xia Haibing
Published: July 2020

Gold nanoparticles with deformation twinnings prepared by a Cu2+-assisted one-step seeded growth method can distinguish nitrile and isonitrile groups by SERS.
Total synthesis and biological evaluation of seven new anti-inflammatory oxacyclododecindione-type macrolactones
Authors: Weber Carina , Vierengel Nina , Walter Thorsten , Behrendt Torsten , Lucas Tobias , Erkel Gerhard , Opatz Till
Published: July 2020

Seven new macrolactones of the oxacyclododecindione family have been synthesized and tested for their inhibitory activity on TGF-β-inducible Smad2/3- as well as IL-4-inducible STAT6-dependent signalling pathways.
Guest-responsive polaritons in a porous framework: chromophoric sponges in optical QED cavities
Authors: Haldar Ritesh , Fu Zhihua , Joseph Reetu , Herrero David , Martín-Gomis Luis , Richards Bryce S. , Howard Ian. A. , Sastre-Santos Angela , Wöll Christof
Published: July 2020

A phthalocyanine-based porous material in optical cavity exhibited strong coupling and guest responsive polariton feature.
Conversion of a Bi–Sn complex to Bi nanoparticles for the enhancement of V(ii)/V(iii) redox kinetics
Authors: Sankar Abhinandh , Gunasekera Kapila , Nan Zhipeng , Welton Aaron , Fang Juchuan , Tonnis Kevin , Terrell Rickey , Boolchand Punit , Angelopoulos Anastasios P.
Published: July 2020

In this work, evidence for ligand formation between Sn and Bi during the colloidal synthesis of Bi metal nanoparticles (NP) in an aqueous suspension is provided utilizing time-resolved X-ray absorption and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy .
Leloir glycosyltransferases of natural product C-glycosylation: structure, mechanism and specificity
Authors: Tegl Gregor , Nidetzky Bernd
Published: July 2020

A prominent attribute of chemical structure in microbial and plant natural products is aromatic C-glycosylation. In plants, various flavonoid natural products have a β-C-d-glucosyl moiety attached to their core structure. Natural product C-glycosides have attracted significant attention for their own unique bioactivity as well as for representing non-hydrolysable analogs of the canonical O-glycosides. The biosynthesis of natural product C-glycosides is accomplished by sugar nucleotide-dependent (Leloir) glycosyltransferases. Here, we provide an overview on the C-glycosyltransferases of microbial, plant and insect origin that have been biochemically characterized. Despite sharing basic evolutionary relationships, as evidenced by their common membership to glycosyltransferase family GT-1 and conserved GT-B structural fold, the known C-glycosyltransferases are diverse in the structural features that govern their reactivity, selectivity and specificity. Bifunctional glycosyltransferases can form C- and O-glycosides dependent on the structure of the aglycon acceptor. Recent crystal structures of plant C-glycosyltransferases and di-C-glycosyltransferases complement earlier structural studies of bacterial enzymes and provide important molecular insight into the enzymatic discrimination between C- and O-glycosylation. Studies of enzyme structure and mechanism converge on the view of a single displacement (SN2)-like mechanism of enzymatic C-glycosyl transfer, largely analogous to O-glycosyl transfer. The distinction between reactions at the O- or C-acceptor atom is achieved through the precise positioning of the acceptor relative to the donor substrate in the binding pocket. Nonetheless, C-glycosyltransferases may differ in the catalytic strategy applied to induce nucleophilic reactivity at the acceptor carbon. Evidence from the mutagenesis of C-glycosyltransferases may become useful in engineering these enzymes for tailored reactivity.
Portrayal of Hearing Loss in YouTube Videos: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Manchaiah Vinaya , Bellon-Harn Monica L. , Godina Itzel Mercado , Beukes Eldré W. , Vinay
Published: July 2020

Objective

The objective of the current study was to examine the source, content, understandability, and actionability of hearing loss information on YouTube videos.

Method

The study used a cross-sectional design. One hundred of the most frequently viewed YouTube videos were identified, and various data were manually coded (i.e., video source, video content, popularity measures such as number of views, likes, and dislikes). In addition, the understandability and actionability of each video were evaluated using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials rating scale.

Results

Of the 100 most viewed videos, 16 were created by consumers, 62 were professional created, and 22 were media based. Symptoms, causes, and treatment or management of hearing loss were the most frequently discussed content categories, with over 60% of all videos commenting on these areas. The overall understandability and actionability scores for the 100 videos included were 77% and 31%, respectively, indicating adequate understandability and poor actionability.

Conclusions

The YouTube videos on hearing loss focus on a range of issues. The poor actionability of these videos was a concern, as these videos may not lead to appropriate consumer actions in addressing their hearing loss. Efforts are needed to improve the quality and content of these videos to promote appropriate behavior change.
TheXMM-Newtonserendipitous survey
Authors: Webb N. A. , Coriat M. , Traulsen I. , Ballet J. , Motch C. , Carrera F. J. , Koliopanos F. , Authier J. , de la Calle I. , Ceballos M. T. , Colomo E. , Chuard D. , Freyberg M. , Garcia T. , Kolehmainen M. , Lamer G. , Lin D. , Maggi P. , Michel L. , Page C. G. , Page M. J. , Perea-Calderon J. V. , Pineau F.-X. , Rodriguez P. , Rosen S. R. , Santos Lleo M. , Saxton R. D. , Schwope A. , Tomás L. , Watson M. G. , Zakardjian A.
Published: July 2020

Context.Sky surveys produce enormous quantities of data on extensive regions of the sky. The easiest way to access this information is through catalogues of standardised data products.XMM-Newtonhas been surveying the sky in the X-ray, ultra-violet, and optical bands for 20 years.

Aims.TheXMM-NewtonSurvey Science Centre has been producing standardised data products and catalogues to facilitate access to the serendipitous X-ray sky.

Methods.Using improved calibration and enhanced software, we re-reduced all of the 14 041XMM-NewtonX-ray observations, of which 11 204 observations contained data with at least one detection and with these we created a new, high quality version of theXMM-Newtonserendipitous source catalogue, 4XMM-DR9.

Results.4XMM-DR9 contains 810 795 detections down to a detection significance of 3σ, of which 550 124 are unique sources, which cover 1152 degrees2(2.85%) of the sky. Filtering 4XMM-DR9 to retain only the cleanest sources with at least a 5σdetection significance leaves 433 612 detections. Of these detections, 99.6% have no pileup. Furthermore, 336 columns of information on each detection are provided, along with images. The quality of the source detection is shown to have improved significantly with respect to previous versions of the catalogues. Spectra and lightcurves are also made available for more than 288 000 of the brightest sources (36% of all detections).
A Compton-thick nucleus in the dual active galactic nuclei of Mrk 266
Authors: Iwasawa K. , Ricci C. , Privon G. C. , Torres-Albà N. , Inami H. , Charmandaris V. , Evans A. S. , Mazzarella J. M. , Díaz-Santos T.
Published: July 2020

We present the results from our analysis of NuSTAR data of the luminous infrared galaxy Mrk 266, which contains two nuclei, south-western (SW) and north-eastern (NE), which were resolved in previous Chandra imaging. Combining this with the Chandra data, we intepret the hard X-ray spectrum obtained from a NuSTAR observation to result from a steeply rising flux from a Compton-thick active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the SW nucleus which is very faint in the Chandra band, confirming the previous claim. This hard X-ray component is dominated by reflection, and its intrinsic 2–10 keV luminosity is likely to be ∼1 × 1043 erg s−1. Although it is bright in soft X-ray, only a moderately absorbed NE nucleus has a 2–10 keV luminosity of 4 × 1041 erg s−1, placing it in the low-luminosity AGN class. These results have implications for understanding the detectability and duty cycles of emission from dual AGN in heavily obscured mergers.
Cataract Surgery Destabilises Temporary the Tear Film of the Ocular Surface
Authors: Cung Le Xuan , Nga Nguyen Thi Thanh , Nga Duong Mai , Hiep Nguyen Xuan , Pham Duy Thoai
Published: July 2020

Background Symptoms due to dry eye in the form of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) are often seen after cataract surgery. We investigated the influence of cataract surgery on tear film stability on the ocular surface.

Material and Methods 60 eyes of 60 patients who underwent cataract surgery were included in a prospective study in 2017 at the Eye Hospital in Hanoi (Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology). The mean age of the patients was 65 ± 10 years. The phacoemulsification was performed under topical anaesthesia by a clear corneal incision and implantation of a foldable IOL. The parameters for the evaluation of the change of the tear film included subjective patient data using the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire (OSDI), findings of the Schirmer I test, the tear break-up time (TBUT) as well as the tear meniscus height (TMH) measured noninvasively with the Keratograph 5M (Oculus). In addition, conjunctival and corneal changes were examined after vital staining with fluorescein for the cornea and rose bengal for the conjunctiva. Data were collected preoperatively, at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. According to DEWS, the disease is classified into
4 groups: mild, moderate, severe and very severe.

Results One week after surgery, the total score according to OSDI was significantly increased with a total value of 14.4 ± 4.2 (p = 0.001). Schirmer I was 15.8 ± 4.3 mm preoperatively and decreased significantly in the first postoperative week (p = 0.001), before reaching the preoperative level again after three months. TBUT was 12.6 ± 1.5 s preoperatively, decreased significantly to 9.7 ± 1.5 s during the first postoperative week, and normalized to 12.4 ± 1.3 s by the end of the third month. The meniscus height was 0.245 ± 0.055 mm preoperatively, significantly lowered to 0.229 ± 0.057 mm in the first postoperative period and nearly normalised by the third postoperative month to 0.241 ± 0.051 mm. In the first postoperative week, the rate of mild KCS was observed in 30% of patients. At one month, this decreased to 10% and at three months was no longer demonstrable in any patient.

Conclusion One of three patients experienced mild KCS after cataract surgery. The symptoms lasted up to three months. This should be taken into account preoperatively and appropriate therapy should be planned.
Zum Stand der Anwendung klinischer Ethikberatung in deutschen Kliniken für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
Authors: Wollenburg Lisa Marie , Claus Sylvia , Kieser Christian , Pollmächer Thomas
Published: July 2020

Die vorliegende Studie gibt erstmals einen umfassenden Überblick über die Verbreitung und den Entwicklungsstand der Klinischen Ethikberatung in deutschen Kliniken für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie. Insgesamt waren nur bei etwas mehr als der Hälfte der Kliniken Strukturen der Ethikberatung vorhanden. Umgekehrt wurden bei etwa einem Drittel der teilnehmenden Kliniken Strukturen der Ethikberatung noch nicht thematisiert, oder gar bewusst abgelehnt. Die verbleibenden Kliniken befinden sich derzeit noch im Aufbau ethischer Strukturen. Hinsichtlich der Teammerkmale und der konkreten praktischen Durchführung konnten qualitative Unterschiede zwischen den Kliniken gefunden werden. Zusammenfassend zeigte sich, dass ethische Strukturen zwar bereits in der knappen Mehrheit der deutschen psychiatrischen Kliniken etabliert sind, es aber noch erheblichen Bedarf sowohl hinsichtlich der Verbreitung als auch der Qualität der praktischen Umsetzung gibt.
Die Interaktion mit verhaltensauffälligen Menschen aus polizeilicher Perspektive
Authors: Wittmann Linus , Groen Gunter
Published: July 2020

Ziel der Studie Polizeibeamte interagieren regelmäßig mit verhaltensauffälligen Menschen. Die vorliegende Studie soll das subjektive Erleben von Einsatzkräften im Umgang mit diesen Menschen aufzeigen, um Hinweise für den weiteren Aus- und Fortbildungsbedarf zu identifizieren. So soll ein Beitrag geleistet werden, die Interaktion zwischen der Polizei und Menschen mit Verhaltensauffälligkeiten sicherer zu gestalten.

Methodik N = 958 Polizeibeamte beantworteten schriftlich Fragen zur Häufigkeit des Umgangs, diesbezügliche Herausforderungen sowie das Erleben von Angst, Überforderung und Wissen.

Ergebnisse Polizeibeamte erleben verhaltensauffällige Menschen häufig als unberechenbar sowie verbal und körperlich aggressiv. 27,9 % der Polizisten erleben Angst und 76 % geben an, nicht über ausreichendes Wissen über Verhaltensauffälligkeiten zu verfügen.

Schlussfolgerung Die polizeiliche Aus- und Fortbildung sollte stärker auf die Vermittlung störungsbezogenen Wissens, Kommunikationsstrategien sowie Antistigmamaßnahmen abzielen.
Addendum zu den S3-Leitlinien Morbus Crohn und Colitis ulcerosa: Betreuung von Patienten mit chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen in der COVID-19-Pandemie – offene Fragen und Antworten
Authors: Stallmach Andreas , Sturm Andreas , Dignaß Axel , Kucharzik Torsten , Blumenstein Irina , Helwig Ulf , Koletzko Sibylle , Lynen Petra , Schmidt Carsten ,   Collaborators:
Published: July 2020

Die COVID-19-Pandemie ist ein weltweiter Ausbruch von neu aufgetretenen Infektionen mit dem SARS-CoV-2-Virus, von denen weltweit derzeit mehr als 10.670.000 Menschen erkrankt sind bzw. waren. In Deutschland leiden ca. 450.000 Patienten an einer chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankung; diese Patienten benötigen in der Regel eine kontinuierliche und kompetente Betreuung. Vor dem Hintergrund eines rasch zunehmenden Wissenszuwachses haben 68 Experten, die die derzeit gültigen Leitlinien der DGVS zum Morbus Crohn und zur Colitis ulcerosa erstellt haben, im Rahmen einer virtuellen Konferenz aktuelle und praxisnahe Empfehlungen formuliert, um die Versorgung von CED-Patienten zu verbessern. Diese adressieren das Infektionsrisiko einschließlich des Risikos für besondere Gruppen, den möglichen Verlauf der Erkrankung und die Konsequenzen für die medikamentöse und die operative Therapie der Grunderkrankung sowie allgemeine Maßnahmen zur Infektionsprävention und adjuvante Präventions- und Therapiemöglichkeiten.
Altersbedingte Makuladegeneration und Omega-3
Authors: Schmiedel Volker
Published: July 2020

Die altersbedingte Makuladegeneration (AMD) ist eine Erkrankung der Netzhaut des Auges, die zu einem Funktionsverlust des Sehens bis hin zur Blindheit führen kann. Es gibt nur wenige therapeutische Ansätze (z. B. photodynamische Therapie, Biologicals), die aufwändig und teuer sind. Vor einigen Jahren konnte der Nutzen von Antioxidanzien bewiesen werden, wobei den Carotinoiden Lutein und Zeaxanthin eine besondere Bedeutung zukommt. Mittlerweile gibt es aber auch epidemiologische und interventionelle Studien zu Omega-3-Fettsäuren in der Prävention und Therapie der AMD.
Chubby Infant – Should One Worry? An Infant with Primary
lymphedema – Mini Review and Case Report
Authors: Kaczmarek Joanna Magdalena , Graczykowska Karolina Anna , Szymkuć-Bukowska Iwona , Łoś-Rycharska Ewa , Krogulska Aneta
Published: July 2020

Lymphedema is a localized form of tissue swelling, characterized by a progressive
accumulation of a tissue fluid in the interstitial compartment as a result of
the lymphatic system dysfunction. It is a rare disease in the pediatric
population and in the majority of cases it is a consequence of an abnormal
formation of the lymphatic system, which is called primary lymphedema. Although
its epidemiology is not precise, it is assumed that 1:100 000 children suffer
from primary lymphedema. The diagnosis can be made by a proper clinical
examination after ruling out secondary causes of lymphedema, particularly in
cases with a more asymmetric swelling of the extremities. In this very article
we present a case report of an 8-months-old infant with primary lymphedema, who
had presented swelling of the extremities from birth and yet no pathology was
suspected before. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the fact
that a baby with excessive subcutaneous tissue is not always a healthy, chubby
infant with considerable amount of fat tissue.
Die Videosprechstunde im Geltungsbereich der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung – Umsetzungs-, Verbreitungs- und Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten aus Patientensicht
Authors: Mittmann Christian , Becker Kurt , Hoffmann Felix
Published: July 2020

Zielsetzung Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurden die Anforderungen an Videosprechstunden aus Patientensicht untersucht, um anhand dessen Maßnahmen herauszuarbeiten, welche die Videosprechstunde als Bestandteil der ambulanten Versorgung etablieren können.

Methodik Die Fragestellung wurde anhand einer qualitativen Befragung bearbeitet.

Ergebnisse Im Rahmen der Interviews zeigte sich, dass die Inanspruchnahme einer Videosprechstunde vor allem bei geringfügigen Anlässen für eine zeitsparende Konsultation des Arztes und damit einhergehender Bescheinigungen in Betracht gezogen wird.

Aus den Ergebnissen dieser Studie lässt sich ableiten, dass die geringe Nutzung der Videosprechstunde eher dem geringenAngebot und nicht der fehlenden Teilnahmebereitschaft geschuldet ist.

Schlussfolgerung Die Fortentwicklung der Videosprechstunde sollte drei Aspekte berücksichtigen.

Erstens sollte die Videosprechstunde durch gezielte und ausgewogene Marketingaktionen bekannter gemacht werden. Hierbei handelt es sich zunächst um eine Push-Strategie, bei der die Nachfrage dem Angebot folgt. Wenn die Videosprechstunde einmal weitläufig etabliert ist, kann dies auch zu einem steigenden Anreiz für niedergelassene Ärzte führen, die Videosprechstunde anzubieten.

Zweitens sollten Ärzte adressiert und die Etablierung von Videosprechstunden im Praxis- oder Klinikbetrieb attraktiver gemacht werden. Maßgeblich dazu beitragen dürfte eine Vergütung, die die Online-Visiten gegenüber den regulären Sprechstunden nicht benachteiligt.

Drittens sollte die Videosprechstunde als Subjekt im Spannungsfeld von Digitalisierung und E-Health weiterentwickelt werden und die Entwicklung der Digitalisierung insgesamt als ganzheitliches Konzept forciert werden.
Dearomatization of a 3-Hydroxypyridine Through an Unexpected Oxidative Deformylation Process: An Entry to Azacyclohexadienones
Authors: Sabot Cyrille , Mabrouki Afef , Le Nahenec-Martel Patricia , Kriaa Abdelkader , Hedhli Ahmed , Renard Pierre-Yves
Published: July 2020

Phenols are well-known precursors of cyclohexadienones, which have widespread applications in organic synthesis. In contrast, their hydroxypyridine counterparts have not been explored yet. An unprecedented oxidative dearomatization of a 3-hydroxypyridine involving an unexpected deformylation step is reported. The chemical reactivity of the resulting unreported azacyclohexadiene-type compound was also explored.
Same Day versus Staged Total Knee Arthroplasty: Do Cost Savings Justify the Risk?
Authors: Wilkie Wayne , Mohamed Nequesha , Remily Ethan , Pastore Mark , Nace James , Delanois Ronald E.
Published: July 2020

Same-day bilateral total knee arthroplasties (BTKAs) are associated with increased complications compared with staged procedures; however, as complication rates and lengths of stay (LOS) for same-day procedures decrease, they may become attractive alternatives to staged procedures. The void of recent nationwide studies comparing the 30-day total cost and risks of these procedures inspired this propensity matched review. Therefore, we compared 30-day outcomes in staged and same-day BTKAs occurring in 2016 and 2017 using the National Readmission Database (NRD), a nationwide database. The NRD was queried for all same-day and staged BTKA patients from January 1 to November 30 for both 2016 and 2017. Since the NRD links readmissions within one calendar year, TKAs occurring in this month were excluded to allow 30-day follow-up. Propensity matching was performed based on demographics, producing 19,334 patients in both cohorts. Thirty-day readmission, revision, and mortality rates, hospital costs, LOS, discharge dispositions, and complications were analyzed. Chi-square and Student's t-tests assessed categorical and continuous variables, respectively. A p-value of <0.05 was set as the threshold for statistical significance. The analysis demonstrated that less same-day patients were readmitted, with statistical but not clinical difference in revisions, and mortality (all p < 0.050). Higher 30-day cost ($33,522 vs. $29,053, p < 0.001), decreased total LOS (4.52 vs. 4.94 days, p < 0.001), and lower rates of PEs (0.3 vs. 1.1%, p < 0.001) and transfusions (2.1 vs. 8.5%, p < 0.001) but similar total complications (p >0.050) were associated staged compared with same-day BTKAs. The results suggest inpatient cost savings associated with same-day surgeries should be weighed against the slight increase in LOS and PEs. Ultimately, as LOS and PE rates continue to decrease from innovations and quality improvements, same-day BTKA may become an attractive alternative to staged BTKAs, especially if payer's incentive surgeons by increasing physician reimbursements.
The Influence of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Resection on Tibiofemoral Joint Gap in Varus Osteoarthritic Knees
Authors: Oshima Yasushi , Majima Tokifumi , Iizawa Norishige , Hoshikawa Naoya , Takahashi Kenji , Takai Shinro
Published: July 2020

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) resection during posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty (PS-TKA) has been reported to preferentially increase the tibiofemoral joint gap in flexion compared with extension. However, previous assessments of the joint gaps have been performed after bone resection and medial soft tissue release. Thus, these procedural steps may have the potential to influence soft tissue balance. In native knees, soft tissue laxity is generally greater in the lateral compartment than in the medial compartment both with the knee in extension and in flexion. Some surgeons may retain this natural soft tissue balance with less aggressive medial release during TKA. We performed this study to evaluate the impact of the PCL resection on the extension and flexion gaps in the absence of bone resection or medial soft tissue release. Tibiofemoral joint gaps for 41 patients (10 males and 31 females) in full extension and at 90 degrees of flexion both before and after the resections of both the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and PCL were assessed using a ligament tensioner device. The statistical analyze was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test. The results showed that medial gap in extension and flexion were 6.7 ± 1.0 and 7.3 ± 0.9 mm, and lateral gap in extension and flexion were 7.6 ± 1.1 and 8.4 ± 1.6 mm, respectively. Thus, physiological tibiofemoral gaps just after knee arthrotomy were trapezoidal and asymmetric shape with the significantly wider gaps in lateral and flexion, compared with the medial and extension, respectively (p < 0.05). However, the increases of the gaps with the ACL and PCL resections were less than 1 mm under the existence of medial soft tissues. As the medial collateral ligament is the primary restraint for the valgus instability, it was also considered to prevent the increase of the flexion gap although the PCL—which is the secondary restraint for the valgus instability—was resected. This finding is critically important for orthopedic surgeons applying PS-TKA implants, particularly for preserving soft tissues to achieve natural knee kinematics postoperatively.
Tear Rates of the Ipsilateral ACL Graft and the Contralateral Native ACL Are Similar following ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Ifran Nadia Nastassia , Mok Ying Ren , Krishna Lingaraj
Published: July 2020

The aim of the study is to compare the tear rates of ipsilateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts and the contralateral native ACL as well as to investigate the correlation of gender, age at time of surgery, and body mass index (BMI) with the occurrence of these injuries. The medical records of 751 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction surgery with follow-up periods of 2 to 7 years were retrospectively analyzed. Survival analyses of ipsilateral ACL grafts and contralateral native ACL were performed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors that were associated with these injuries. The tear rates of the ipsilateral ACL graft and contralateral ACL were 5.86 and 6.66%, respectively with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.998). The mean time of tears of the ipsilateral ACL and contralateral ACL was also similar (p = 0.977) at 2.64 and 2.78 years, respectively after surgery. Both the odds of sustaining an ipsilateral ACL graft and contralateral ACL tear were also significantly decreased by 0.10 (p = 0.003) and 0.14 (p = 0.000), respectively, for every 1-year increase in age at which the reconstruction was performed. However, graft type, gender, and BMI were not associated with an increased risk of these injuries. There was no difference between tear rates of ipsilateral ACL graft and contralateral ACL following ACL reconstruction. Patients who undergo ACL reconstruction at a young age are at an increased risk of both ipsilateral graft and contralateral ACL rupture after an ACL reconstruction. Patients who are young and more likely to return to competitive sports should be counselled of the risks and advised to not neglect the rehabilitation of the contralateral knee during the immediate and back to sports period of recovery. This is a Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Obesity Does Not Affect Patient-Reported Outcomes following Patellofemoral Arthroplasty
Authors: Tishelman Jared C. , Pyne Abigail , Kahlenberg Cynthia A. , Gruskay Jordan A. , Strickland Sabrina M.
Published: July 2020

Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) has garnered attention in recent years as an effective alternative to total knee arthroplasty for patients with symptomatic, isolated patellofemoral joint arthritis. Obesity has previously been identified as a risk factor for revision surgery, but its effect on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) has not been evaluated. A retrospective review of a consecutive series of PFA surgeries was conducted at a single, specialized orthopedics center in a major urban center. Patients were dichotomized by body mass index (BMI) as obese (O, BMI >30) or nonobese (NO, BMI: 18.5–25). Demographic, surgical information, and PROMs were collected and analyzed accordingly. Seventy-six patients (41 nonobese, 35 obese) were identified. Patients who were obese presented with significantly worse preoperative PROMs regarding knee-specific quality of life, physical function, and MH or mental health (knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score quality of life [KOOS QoL], NO: 26.2, O: 14.7, p = 0.019; KOOS PF, NO: 38.2, O: 50.5, p = 0.002; Veterans Rand-12 mental health [VR-12 MH], NO: 54.2, O: 47.0, p = 0.033). No significant difference was seen in improvement in knee function scores between patients who were obese or nonobese (KOOS QoL, NO: 39.5, O: 40.6, p = 0.898; KOOS PS [physical function], NO: –17.8, O: –17.3, p = 0.945). Additionally, no difference in the rate of PFA revision was observed and there were no postoperative complications reported. Obese patients with isolated PFA can expect the same improvement in function as nonobese patients following patellofemoral joint arthroplasty. This paper underscores the priority of patient selection in PFA and challenges the notion that surgeons should exclude patients from receiving a PFA on the basis of obesity.