bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Critical Level of Mangrove Ecosystem in Lariang Watershed Downstream, West Sulawesi-Indonesia
Authors: Naharuddin Naharuddin
Published: October 2021

Critical land is a land whose soil condition has experienced or is in the process of physical, chemical, or biological damage which ultimately endangers hydrological, orological functions, and agricultural production. This research purposes were to determine the level of criticality of mangrove ecosystems, as the basis for sustainable management. Determination and delineation of the location were carried out photogrammetrically using Landsat 7 ETM + Band 542 imagery and maps, as well as terrestrial by direct measurement in the field. The species inventory and identification, tree/pole potency, saplings and seedlings used the line plot sampling and spot check methods. The results showed that the mangrove ecosystem area was of 577.07 ha, condition of dense (uncritical) vegetation reached an area of 138.16 ha (23.94%), followed by a rare (critical) condition of 286.63 ha (49.67%), while a damaged condition (very critical) 152.28 ha (26.39%). The dominant mangrove species were Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora apiculata, Avicenia marina, and Rhizophora mucronata. The main determinant of the mangrove ecosystems criticality was the mangrove cover area reduction as the non-mangrove land (ponds) impacts. To improve the quality of mangrove forest ecosystems, sustainable conservation is needed, one of which is the preparation of basic mangrove critical data and community empowerment. They are needed to restore, maintain and improve the function of forests and mangrove forest lands in order to increase their carrying capacity, productivity and their role in maintaining life support systems through rehabilitation programs.
Sustainable Tourism Model in Pagilaran Tea Plantation Agrotourism, in Indonesia
Authors: Rosardi Raras Gistha , Prajanti Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika , Atmaja Hamdan Tri , Juhadi
Published: October 2021

Sustainable development is a global agenda with issues of economic growth, environment, and welfare. The instrument for realizing sustainable development is through sustainable tourism. Agrotourism as an effort to apply the principles of sustainable tourism focusing on environmental, social, and economic dimensions. This study aims to find a sustainable tourism model in Pagilaran Tea Plantation‎ Agrotourism. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study concept. The data collection techniques used in the study were observation, in-depth interviews, literature study, and documentation. The data were analyzed by source triangulation and the data were analyzed with the help of Atlas.ti.8 software. The result of this study was the model of sustainable tourism in Pagilaran Tea Plantation Agrotourism that involves social, economic, ecological, cultural, and educational dimensions. The novelty of this study is that the Sustainable Tourism model in Pagilaran Tea Plantation Agrotourism involves the University element and is committed to upholding the principles of Tri Dharma of Higher Education, namely Education, Research, and Community Service. Pagilaran Tea Plantation Agrotourism implements Pentahelix collaboration in realizing sustainable tourism by involving academics, companies, communities, government, and media. Pagilaran Tea Plantation Agrotourism is committed to being a vehicle for family tourism, the official tourism, and study tour by prioritizing edutourism and providing ecological insight. The tourism potentials such as Tea walking, Tea Factory, and tea picking dance become the uniqueness and attraction of Pagilaran Tea Plantation Agrotourism. The novelty result of this study is that the Educational dimension is an element that can strengthen the realization of Sustainable Tourism.
Diagnosis of Leaf Surface Disease Using Two Datasets of Tomato and Rice Obtained from Image Processing Techniques
Authors: Hosseiny Seiyedeh Khadijeh , Jola Nasersadeghi , Hosseiny Seiyedeh Maryam
Published: October 2021

It is of a great importance in modern agriculture to study fast, automatic, inexpensive and accurate method of diagnosing plant diseasesTherefore, timely and accurately diagnosis of the disease in the fields is one of the most important factors in dealing with plant diseases. For this reason, in the present study, the image processing method study, has been examined for diagnosing the two important diseases of rice and tomato, brown spots and leaf blasts. In this study, firstly the data section is treated using improved k-means segmentation, after preprocessing. Secondly, comprehensive features are extracted and the disease areas are demarcated. An improved genetic algorithm is used in the feature selection step. Finally, images are categorized using the k-nearest neighbor’s algorithm (k-NN) classifier. The accuracy of the proposed method for the rice data set is 99.12 and for the tomato data set is 97.29, which shows a very good performance compared to other methods.
Сharles XII at Narva in autumn 1700: Testimonies from his confidants
Authors:   Vyatka State Agrotechnological University, Chirkin Sergei A.
Published: October 2021

The Narva campaign of Charles XII and the victory of the Swedish army over the Russian army in the Battle of Narva on November 19, 1700, was the greatest success of Charles XII and, at the same time, the gravest defeat of Peter I in The Great Northern War (1700–1721). This explains the long-standing and close attention of historians to the role of the young Swedish king in the «greatest victory over the Russians». The memoirs, diaries and letters of the soldiers of the army of Charles XII, published at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, make it possible to clearly understand this role. The article analyzes the little-known evidence of the closest circle of Charles XII about his actions on the eve and at the time of the Narva battle.
Chords of the «Cold War»: Music as a resource for representing the «image of the other» in Anglo-American cinema
Authors:   Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Yudin Kirill A.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the role of music and sound effects in the Anglo-American cinematograph. An attempt is made to assess the political and symbolic potential of media resources for representing the «image of another». To this end, the author examines a number of specific films created at different stages of the Cold War. Conclusions are made about the use of the following methods of media construction: noir representation, political-satirical spectrum, modes of address-local or mixed/combined borrowing of compositions, imitation of a «different» culture.
The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Dental Caries in Children Aged 6 to 10 Years Old in Rafsanjan
Authors: Pourfatahi Atefeh , Atarzadeh Hajar , Vahidi Forouzan
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Dental caries is one of the most common chronic childhood diseases that have a profound impact on the health of both the individual and community health. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and dental caries in Rafsanjan children aged 6-10 years in 2019.
Materials & Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study that investigated the relationship between body mass index and dental caries in 215 male and female students (6-10 years old), selected by simple random sampling in four groups: slim, normal BMI, overweight, and obese the relationship between BMI and DMFT / dmft had been determined by Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests and Spearman correlation coefficient.
Results: There was a significant inverse relationship between dmft index and children's body mass index (p value < 0.001, r = -0.315). There was no significant difference between the mean DMFT index between lean, normal weight, overweight and obese children (p value = 0.205)
Conclusion: The dmft index decreased with increasing BMI, and there was no significant relationship between DMFT index and BMI.
Evaluation of Periodontal Status in the Patients with Various Blood Groups Referred to Dental School, Golestan University of Medical Sciences in 2018
Authors: Sheikhi Omid , Fakhari Elham , Karimian Azizeh
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The present study aimed to assess the periodontal condition in the patients with various blood groups referred to the dental school, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, in 2018.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in 970 patients referred to the dental school, Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Medical history was obtained and blood groups were determined. The assessed periodontal indices, included gingival index (GI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and periodontal pocket depth (PPD), and there were three divided groups of patients based on it: healthy ones, patients with gingivitis, and periodontitis. Then, the probable association between the type of periodontal disease, ABO blood groups and Rh factor was analyzed by Chi-squared test. P-value of 0.05 considerations was statistically significant.
Results: Among 970 patients, the most frequent blood groups in healthy individuals, patients with gingivitis and periodontitis were Group A, B, and O, respectively. The AB blood group had the least frequency in all three groups. Rh+ factor was significantly more prevalent in all three groups. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between blood group and Rh factor with periodontal disease (p value < 0.0001, p value = 0.022).
Conclusion: According to the results, the blood groups B and O showed a higher percentage in gingivitis and periodontitis groups respectively, while the blood group AB showed the least percentage of periodontal disease. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between periodontal disease with the blood group and Rh factor.
The Usage of Evidence-Based Dentistry among Postgraduate Student of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Nilchian Firoozeh , Rezaee Reza
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Our current era is the age of information exploration and innovation that has given us a good opportunity to use evidence-based information, so this study aimed to evaluate the use of Evidence-Based Dentistry in Isfahan Dental School in 2018.
Materials & Methods: The sampling method of this study was census and, the number of faculty assistants was 50. The method of collecting this information was through a questionnaire Regarding fulfillment of ethical manners in this study, participants were not required to mention their names and personal characteristics, and only if they consented participate in the study, a questionnaire was provided to them. Man withny analysis and Spear man correlation were used to evaluate the relation between EBD (Evidence Based Dentistry) according to their gender.
Results: In the current evaluation, it was observed that 19 dentists (36.5%) were female and 33 (63.5%) were male. Most residents (63.5%) sometimes use evidence-based dentistry, 11 cases (21.2%) rarely and 8 cases (15.3%) using this technique always. About the frequency distribution of resources used by residents to answer questions in dealing with patients, the highest frequency (65.4%) was related to “textbooks or questions from clinical teachers” as well as “translated reference books” and the least Frequency (13.5%) was related to “Search other databases”.
Conclusion: Based on the findings in this section, the use of evidence-based medicine among residents is low.
The Examination of Root Morphology of the Maxillary First and Second Molars Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Esmaeilian Amirmohamad , Torkzadeh Azadeh , Mortaheb Amin , Zakariaee Juybari Azadeh
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Maxillary molars usually have three roots, four canals and the extra canal often exists in the mesiobuccal root. This study aimed to investigate the root morphology of maxillary first and second molars using CBCT.
Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, CBCT samples of 200 patients referred to maxillofacial radiology centers were selected and evaluated. Two-dimensional images in panoramic, cross-sectional, and transverse axial planes and three-dimensional images of the maxilla building that were reconstructed by a computer were examined. Analyzed data using one-way ANOVA and t-test (p value < 0.05)
Results: The highest number of roots in the first molar was 3 (89.5%) and, the highest number of the second molar was 3 (90%). The maximum number of root canals in the first molar was 4 (65%) and, the highest number of root canals in the second molar was 3 (68%). The MB2 canal of maxillary first molars was 67.5% and the MB2 canal of maxillary second molars was absent at 71.5%. The presence of MB2 canal of maxillary first and second molars had no significant difference (p value > 0.05), but the presence of MB2 canal of maxillary first and second molars was significant (p value < 0.001).
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between being unilateral and bilateral with the presence of the mesiobuccal canal. Most of the first maxillary molars and, maxillary second molars had three separate roots. Also, there was no significant relationship between gender and side of study with the presence of mesiobuccal canal.
Neuroblastoma Cell Death Induced by eEF1A2 Knockdown Is Possibly Mediated by the Inhibition of Akt and mTOR Phosphorylation
Authors: Khwanraj Kawinthra , Dharmasaroja Permphan
Published: October 2021

Background The protein kinase B/mammalian target of the rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) pathway is one of the most potent prosurvival signaling cascades that is constitutively active in neuroblastoma. The eukaryotic translation elongation factor-1, alpha-2 (eEF1A2) protein has been found to activate the Akt/mTOR pathway. However, there is a lack of data on the role of eEF1A2 in neuroblastoma. The present study investigated the effect of eEF1A2 silencing on the viability of neuroblastoma cells and its possible signaling.
Materials and Methods: Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against eEF1A2. After 48 h of transfection, cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay. The mRNA expression of p53, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and members of the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR pathway was determined using quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The protein expression of Akt and mTOR was measured using Western blot analysis.
Results: eEF1A2 knockdown significantly decreased the viability of neuroblastoma cells. No significant changes were observed on the expression of p53, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and caspase-3 mRNAs; however, the upregulated trends were noted for the p53 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. eEF1A2 knockdown significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of both Akt and mTOR. Almost all of the class I (PIK3CA, PIK3CB, and PIK3CD) and all of the class II PI3K genes were slightly increased in tumor cells with eEF1A2 knockdown. In addition, a slightly decreased expression of the Akt2, mTORC1, and mTORC2 was observed.
Conclusion: eEF1A2 knockdown induced neuroblastoma cell death, in part through the inhibition of Akt and mTOR, suggesting a potential role of eEF1A2 as a molecular target for neuroblastoma therapy.
Hodgkin Variant of Richter’s Transformation in Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): An Illustrative Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Gupta Nishit , Mittal Aditi , Duggal Rajan , Dadu Tina , Agarwal Amit , Handoo Anil
Published: October 2021

Hodgkin lymphoma variant of Richter’s transformation (HL-RT) is a rare event, occurring in < 1% chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cases, of which, in < 10% cases, HL is the first finding leading to a diagnosis of CLL that co-exists simultaneously. Here we report a 60 years old male patient who presented with an outside diagnosis of lymphocyte-rich classical HL. On evaluation, he had only B-symptoms in the form of low-grade fever and weight loss. Peripheral smear revealed mild leukocytosis with an absolute lymphocytosis and a few smudge cells. Bone marrow (BM) aspirate and biopsy exhibited diffuse infiltration by a small cell, low grade, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with no immunohistochemical evidence of HL. Flow cytometry performed on BM was consistent with classical immunoprofile of CLL. Meanwhile the lymph node received for review revealed diffuse effacement of nodal architecture by small mature lymphocytes with immunoprofile of CLL expressing CD20, CD5, and CD23. Interspersed between these cells, were a few eosinophils along with classical Reed Sternberg cells, expressing CD30, MUM-1, CD15, and dim PAX-5, with a surrounding rosette of T-Cells highlighted by CD3 and PD-1 and negative for CD45, CD20, and EBV immunohistochemistry. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan revealed hepatosplenomegaly with multiple supra/infra diaphragmatic lymph nodes. So, a final diagnosis of HL-RT in CLL was considered. The patient is currently doing well after the first cycle of ABVD chemotherapy.
HL-RT occurring in CLL is a rare event with heterogeneous clinical presentation, morphology, clonal origin, disease course, prognostic features, and survival.
Gender Differences in Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) of Overweight and Obese Adults in a Representative Sample of Greek Urban Population
Authors: Vrettos Ioannis , Voukelatou Panagiota , Pappa Evelina , Beletsioti Chrysoula , Niakas Dimitris
Published: October 2021

Background: The main objective was to investigate the relationship between Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) and Body Mass Index (BMI) status according to gender in a representative sample of Greek urban population.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 1060 participants (mean age 47.10 yr, 95%CI 46.09–48.07, 52.7% females) in a stratified sample of representative urban population during 1-20 Apr 2016 in Athens, Greece. Socio-demographic characteristics and medical history were involved. BMI (kg/m2) was calculated, based on reported height and weight. HRQL was assessed by using the Greek version of SF36. Parametric tests and multiple logistic regression analysis were applied to identify whether socio-demographic characteristics differed across BMI groups. Mann–Whitney test was used to detect significant differences in SF36 scales between men and women across different BMI and age groups. Μultivariate stepwise linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the influence of sociodemographic variables on HRQL.
Results: The effect of being overweight or obese differs by age and gender and that this negative impact in HRQL was greater in women than in men. More vulnerable were overweight young and obese middle-aged woman both in terms of physical and mental health. On the other hand, HRQL of normal weight men and women did not differ in almost all age groups.
Conclusion: Gender differences on HRQL observed in the general population were mediated by the different way that the two genders affected by increases in body weight.
Effects of Image-Sandplay Therapy on the Mental Health and Subjective Well-Being of Children with Autism
Authors: Guo Juan , Li Dongmei
Published: October 2021

Background: Autism significantly affects mental health and lowers subjective well-being (SWB). The rehabilitation therapy of autism is attracting widespread attention. We aimed to explore the effects of image-sandplay therapy on the mental health and SWB of children with autism.
Methods: A total of 90 children with autism treated in Changchun Women and Children Health Hospital from Jan 2019 to Jun 2020 were enrolled by convenient sampling method. They were randomly divided into control (n=45) and observation (n=45) groups. The observation group had a 12-week image-sandplay therapy based on conventional rehabilitation therapy. In the image-sandplay therapy, the one-to-one intervention was provided once a week, 60 min in each. Autism treatment evaluation checklist (ATEC), autism behavior checklist (ABC), Conners parent symptom questionnaire (PSQ), satisfaction with life scale (SWLS), and positive and negative affect scale for children (PANAS-C) of the two groups were assessed.
Results: After intervention, the observation group showed lower scores in ATEC scale and ABC scale than the control group, and the difference show statistical significance (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the observation group showed significantly lower scores in PSQ scale than the control group, showing a significant difference (P<0.05). The observation group shows higher scores in SWLS scale and positive affect scores than the control group, as well as significantly lower negative affected scores than the control groups, showing a significant difference (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Image-sandplay therapy can improve the symptoms of children with autism and is conducive to promoting mental health and increasing SWB. It is a feasible and effective rehabilitation method.
Analysis of the Pain Relief Effect of Walking Backwards Down on a Steep Slope in Patients with Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Ju Sung Bum
Published: October 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
The Relationship between Subjective Sleepiness and Changes in Breath and Beat Rates among the Clinical Night Workers
Authors: Mazloumi Ehsan , Sadeghi Moghaddam Ali , Abdolshahi Anna , Shokri Akbar , Raei Mehdi , Poursadeqiyan Mohsen
Published: October 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Resistance Status of Anopheles maculipennis and Anopheles superpictus to the Conventional Insecticides in Northeastern Caspian Littoral, Iran
Authors: Sofizadeh Aioub , Abai Mohammad Reza , Vatandoost Hassan , Raeisi Ahmad , Sistanizadeh-Aghdam Mohammad
Published: October 2021

Background: Malaria resurgence has occurred in the northern half parts of Iran. The resurgence of malaria in the prone area could arise from various factors, e.g. wide use of pesticides in the agriculture sector and factors such as habitual patterns of movement of local people from problematic southeastern foci in Iran toward the Caspian Littoral. There are no new data on the re­sistance status of main malaria vectors in the Caspian Littoral, and this study was aimed at renewal data on conventional insecticides.
Methods: The field strain of adult Anopheles superpictus and Anopheles maculipennis were collected using the hand catch method and transferred to the laboratory. The susceptibility tests were carried out against DDT 4%, Malathion 5%, Permethrin 0.75%, Deltamethrin 0.05%, and Lambda-cyhalothrin 0.05%, followed by the WHO’s procedure.
Results: The primary malaria vector in Caspian Littoral is An. maculipennis, revealed to be still resistant to DDT and mortali­ty rate, LT50 and LT90 of female mosquitoes were 75.0%, 54.2, minutes and 111.3 minutes. The under ’verifica­tion re­quired’ status of An. maculipennis was also revealed to Lambda-cyhalothrin based on recent WHO’s criteria. The ma­laria vector An. superpictus is also considered the second malaria vectors in the west parts of the studied area, which showed to be susceptible to all insecticides tested.
Conclusion: DDT resistance is persisted in An. maculipennis despite stopping residual spraying with DDT since 1978 in the Caspian Littoral, but the occurrence of pyrethroid under ’verification required’ status is a progressive threat to the possible development of cross-resistance in the future.
Enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Sara Ochoa Jorge Eliécer , Sara Cueto María Claudia
Published: October 2021

La infección respiratoria causada por el SARS-CoV-2 fue declarada pandemia por la OMS en marzo 11 de 2020. Este nuevo beta-coronavirus, producto probablemente de la mutación aleatoria de un coronavirus infectante de animales, ha impactado la humanidad, creado una gran mortalidad entre la población, y también ha desestabilizado la interacción entre los seres humanos y su calidad de vida. El trabajo conjunto de investigadores que han analizado los casos de COVID-19, los mecanismos biológicos, los efectos en el ser humano y las posibles vías de intervención conducen a exitosos avances científicos en el entendimiento de la infección, la creación de inmunidad y el uso de ciertos medicamentos, además de una novedosa e histórica forma de creación de nuevas vacunas eficientes y seguras. No se puede olvidar el esfuerzo en medidas de protección personal como el lavado de manos, higiene de superficies, distanciamiento social y equipos de protección, entre otras. En esta revisión narrativa analizamos algunos puntos importantes en el proceso infeccioso, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico, manejo y prevención de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019, COVID-19.
The AHEAD Documentation Guidance at 10 Years: Continuing Concerns
Authors: Lovett Benjamin , Lindstrom Will
Published: October 2021

In 2012, the Association on Higher Education and Disability (AHEAD) released guidance for disability documentation meant to help support students’ requests for accommodations. Even at that time, the guidance went against AHEAD’s own prior statements, and was contradicted by a developing body of empirical research. Since the release of the guidance, that body of research has grown substantially, continuing to question the accuracy of students’ self-reports and the value of casual conversations and observations made by disability services professionals. In addition, recent research has suggested that even external documentation from disability evaluators (such as psychologists) must be very carefully reviewed to ensure that there is sufficient evidence to support disability accommodations. We discuss selected findings from the empirical literature and propose improvements to documentation review processes.
Research of the Processes of Eliminating Warpage of Aviation Products Made of Polymer-Composite Materials Obtained by High-Temperature Molding
Authors: Korolkov V.I. , Nekravtsev E.N. , Safonov K.S. , Ogurtsov P.S. , Oganesov V.A. , Popov I.S. , Samokhvalov V.V.
Published: October 2021

The article considers issues of identifying the causes and factors that have a significant impact on the occurring and development of the warping process in monolithic products made of polymer — composite materials (PCM) obtained by the method of multidirectional layering of uncured PCM — semi-finished product (prepreg) and subsequent high-temperature molding in an autoclave. Warping is understood as a defect of a PCM product in the form of distortion of its configuration (deformation) under stresses arising during the polymerization of the binder prepreg at a high temperature (1800C) and cooling the product to room temperature. Flat samples made of glass-based prepregs have been researched. The selecting schemes of equilibrium stacking of samples of monolithic panels has been carried out. The influence of the binder content in the prepreg on the deformations in non-equilibrium layouts of the panel samples has been evaluated. It is shown that the most significant factors influencing the occurrence of warpage of monolithic PCM panels are: the weaving pattern of the prepreg reinforcing base, the amount of binder deposited in the prepreg, the direction of stacking monolayers in the panel, the edge effect and the shape of the product surface. It was found that the warpage of the sample occurs along the direction of unbalanced shrinkage of the binder. For balanced stacking, compensation in the direction of binder shrinkage and symmetry with respect to the central layer are necessary; more binder in the prepreg reduces the amount of warpage, but only slightly. The development of constructive and technological recommendations based on the results obtained will lead to a reduction in the terms of development of PCM products.
Soils in the Bulia micro watershed of Gorontalo province, Indonesia, and their quality assessment
Authors: Nurdin . , Rayes Mochtar Lutfi , Soemarno . , Sudarto . , Listyarini Endang , Agustina Christanti , Rahman Rival , Rauf Asda , Husain Jailani
Published: October 2021

Ten representative pedons from the Bulia micro watershed of Gorontalo Province, Indonesia, were characterized and classified to determine its land quality (LQ) class. Angular blocky, sticky, plastic consistencies and a hard consistency prevailed in the soil structure. In the alluvial plains the soil texture is dominated by the clay fraction, while in the hills and volcanic mountains the sand fraction is dominated. The soils in the Bulia micro watershed also have acid to neutral reaction, with the range of very low to high OC (organic carbon) levels, the reserve of exchangeable bases was dominated by Ca2+ in two series patterns, namely: Ca2+ > Mg+ > Na+ > K+ and Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg+ > K+, cation exchange capacity (CEC) ranged from low to very high, and the base saturation varied from moderate to very high. The alluvial plain is represented by Inceptisol in P1 and Typic Humustepts (P7), also by Oxic Humustepts (P3), then Mollisol on P4 (Typic Argiudolls) and Typic Haplustolls (P6), Alfisol on P5 (Typic Paleustalfs). Entisol on P2 (Typic Ustipsamments) was found in volcanic mountains and P9 (Typic Paleustolls) P8 (Ultic Paleustalfs), P10 (Inceptic Haplustalfs) are typical of volcanic hills. On the alluvial plains the land was categorized as the LQ class II, III and IV, the volcanic mountains were the LQ class IV, while the land on the volcanic hills was categorized as the LQ class VI. River bank erosion on the land river terraces can be held by the manufacture of gabions, talud, cliff reinforcement plants and terraces. The soil temperatures and high clay content can be regulated by mulching and organic materials.
Resource potential of Beninese soils for maize cultivation
Authors: Kakpo Rodrig S. , Savin Igor Yu.
Published: October 2021

Due to the growth of the population, the need of the Republic of Benin to increase food production is growing significantly. Maize is the main cultivated crop in the country, being also the main item of nutrition. The scientific rationale for expanding the area of maize cultivation is an important economic task. GIS database was created, which includes all the necessary information on soil, relief, and climate conditions in the country for assessment the resource potential of lands for maize cultivation. Geoinformation modeling of soil and land suitability for maize cultivation was performed. The most suitable lands were identified. Possibility to expand areas for maize cultivation in the country was assessed. It was found that the largest resources (in parts of the land fund) for the expansion of maize cultivation are in the following communities of Benin: Tory-Bossito (96%), Toviklin (92.41%), Materi (90.31%), Kobli (89.25%), Wayogbe (87.99), Parakou (86.57%), Jaco-Tomey (85.66%), Avrankou (85.46%), Allada (84.13%), Bohicon (82.24%), Sakete (81.85%), Za Kpota (78.08%), Akpo Misserete (77.96%), Bopa (77.15%), Kpomasse (75.82%) and Ifania (75.03%). The findings led us to conclude that, theoretically, the gross maize production in Benin could be increased fivefold (from 1,514,913 tons to 5,513,947 tons) only by expanding the cultivation area.
Floodplain soils on the soil map of the Russian Federation, scale 1 : 2.5 M, 1988, in the Russian soil classification
Authors: Savitskaya N. V. , Ananko T. V. , Gerasimova M. I.
Published: October 2021

The development of the digital model of the soil map of Russia derived of the map of the Soviet Russian Federation, 1988, compiled in Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, comprises the transfer of soil names in the initial legend to those in the new classification system of Russian soils (2004). Floodplain soils (only native) are represented by seven legend units (out of 205) that were named in terms of soil classification of USSR, 1977, and part of their names indicated ‘landscapes’ rather than soils, which disagrees with the principles of the new classification system. Basing on numerous publications and following the rules of the new system, soils were renamed. Most of them were referred to alluvial soil types within the synlithogenic trunk (Fluvisols), and their new names indicate both their properties and their zonal attachment. In order to obtain more adequate patterns of soils in river valleys additional soils were introduced including stratified-alluvial soils in the trunk of primary pedogenesis (Regosols). Simultaneously, the composition of polygons in the database was revised in accordance with regional data; human-modified soils were introduced (agro-soils and urbo-soils).
Increasing the efficiency of investments on survey of abundant land for their return to agricultural us
Authors: Stolbovoy V. S. , Petrosyan R. D. , Shilov P. M. , Lukianov S. N.
Published: October 2021

The "“State program for the effective involvement of abundant agricultural land in the use and the development of the reclamation complex of the Russian Federation” for 2021–2030" assumes the return of 12 million hectares out of 44 million hectares of all abandoned agricultural land (AAL) in the Russian Federation. The costs of 12 million hectares survey can be considered productive, while the costs of surveying the remaining 32 million hectares should be considered unproductive. The application of the new geoinformation database of “Soils of agricultural lands of the Russian Federation” (DB SALRU) developed by the Federal Research Centre “V.V Dokuchaev Soil Sience Institute” allows reduction of unproductive costs. By the example of the Vladimir region, a typical Russian region with AAL, the option of ranking AAL by their quality was demonstrated to determine the order of their return to agricultural use. The soil quality criteria are the bonitet and the normative yield of grain crops, which are part of the DB SALRU. It is proposed to consider the expenditures on the survey of AAL for the soils, which are first to be returned to agricultural use, as productive costs. These soils occupy 25% of the AAL of the region. The best quality soils are characterized by more than 40 points of bonitet and the standard yield of grain crops of more than 20 centners/ha. The cost of surveying the lands of the first order of returning to agricultural use is 10 million 80 thousand rubles. Survey of AAL soils of II–IV orders of involvement in agricultural use, with relatively poor quality compared to the soils of the first order, is proposed to be conducted in the case of expansion of the State program in the future. This would save the unproductive expenses for the survey of AAL for the Vladimir region by 30 million 165.5 thousand rubles. The application of the proposed GIS-approach makes it possible to reduce unproductive expenses for the survey of AAL in the Russian Federation nearly by 5.600 million rubles.
APLICACIONES DE LA INDUSTRIA 4.0 EN LA ESTANDARIZACIÓN DEL PROCESO PRODUCTIVO DE LAS MERMELADAS
Authors: Burgos Naranjo Ángel Isaac , Vásquez Játiva Daniel Sebastián , Navarrete Chávez Danny Orlando
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo ilustrar una de las tantas aplicaciones de la Industria 4.0 mediante el uso de procedimientos analíticos multivariados y modelos de aprendizaje automático multirrespuesta, como un camino para analizar, modelar y estandarizar las relaciones entre las distintas variables de entrada y de salida que gobiernan la formulación de las mermeladas. Este trabajo de investigación es llevado a cabo en una compañía dedicada a la producción y comercialización de productos agropecuarios, describe la metodología de estudio utilizada que permitió hallar los rangosde valores para los niveles de azúcar (°Bx) y acidez (pH) que satisfacen matemática y estadísticamente los parámetros de liberación de producto terminado definidos por la misma compañía.
Necip Fazıl Kısakürek’in Adnan Menderes ile Olan İlişkileri
Authors: KIRMIT Ömer Faruk
Published: October 2021

Necip Fazıl Kısakürek, sadece bir şair aynı değil aynı zamanda bir yazar ve düşünürdür. Onun düşüncelerini aktardığı her türlü yazıları ve çıkarmış olduğu çeşitli yayınlar yalnız edebiyat alanına katkı sağlamamış, o dönemin siyasetine de damgasını vurmuştur. Bu zamana kadar gerek Necip Fazıl gerekse de Adnan Menderes hakkında müstakil bir çok çeşitli yayınlar yapılmış ve hem Necip Fazıl’ın hem de Adnan Menderes’in birbiriyle olan ilişkileri çeşitli yönleriyle aktarılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Necip Fazıl ve Adnan Menderes arasında o dönem yaşanan gelişmeler değerlendirilmiş ve olaylar farklı bir bakış açısıyla yorumlanmıştır. Bu başlıklı bir makale konusunu seçmekte ki amaç kendisini sağ cenahta muhafazakar olarak nitelendiren Necip Fazıl’ın, Türkiye’de ilk defa iktidara gelerek hükümet kuran sağ-muhafazakar kökenli Demokrat Parti ve 10 yıl Başbakanlığını yapan Adnan Menderes üzerinden onun siyasal bakışını irdelemektir. Bu çalışmada ağırlıklı olarak tarihsel araştırma yöntemi uygulanmış olup, metin analizi ve metin tarama usulleri kullanılmıştır. Sadece Necip Fazıl Kısakürek’in siyasi cephesi üzerinde durulacaktır. Amaç Necip Fazıl Kısakürek’in Adnan Menderes ile olan siyasi ilişkilerini belirleyerek, onun 1950-1960 arası siyasi döneme olan etkilerini belirlemektir. Bu çalışmanın asıl evrenini ise Necip Fazıl’ın Büyük Doğu’da yazdığı yazılar ile onun kaleme almış olduğu çeşitli kitaplar oluşturmaktadır. Bunun yanında arşiv belgeleri, dönemin gazeteleri ve çeşitli telif-tetkik eserler de kullanılmıştır.
Advances in understanding the epidemiology of Fusarium in cereals
Authors:   University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA, Wegulo Stephen N.
Published: October 2021

Cereal grains contribute more than half of the global daily calorie intake. However, cereal crops are prone to attack by plant pathogens that cause devastating losses estimated in the billions of dollars, threatening global food and economic security. One of the diseases of small grain cereals that is of major economic importance is Fusarium head blight (FHB). It affects all small grain cereals, but major economic losses occur in wheat and barley production. FHB is caused mainly by Fusarium species in the Fusarium graminearum species complex, of which F. graminearum is the predominant causal agent. Understanding the epidemiology of F. graminearum is critical to the development of effective and sustainable FHB management strategies that will reduce or prevent losses. This chapter reviews recent advances in the epidemiology of F. graminearum in cereal crops.
Key challenges in breeding durable disease-resistant cereals: North Africa and West Asia
Authors:   Regional Field Crops Research Center of Béja and CRP Wheat Septoria Phenotyping Platform, Tunisia, Ben M’Barek Sarrah , Tabib Ghaffary Seyed Mahmoud ,   Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Iran
Published: October 2021

This chapter reviews progress and challenges in breeding disease-resistant cereals in the West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region. It discusses challenges in ensuring durable resistance in the face of constantly-evolving pathogen threats. It includes case studies on progress in combatting rust diseases in Iran and combatting Septoria in North Africa.
As conexões entre sustentabilidade e desenvolvimento sustentável com a demografia espacial
Authors: Berbert Karina , Luciano Ana Cláudia dos Santos
Published: October 2021

A interação entre População-Ambiente foi abordada por Daniel Joseph Hogan em sua pesquisa, projetos e publicações, promovendo através deles a integração de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Esta integração se baseou, principalmente, na utilização de abordagens e análises demográficas, geográficas-espaciais e sociológicas. A interação entre espaço geográfico e aspectos demográficos tais como expansão urbana e migração são discutidas neste trabalho, de acordo com as contribuições de Hogan. No presente artigo, as contribuições do autor sobre a relação existente entre os estudos demográficos com os conceitos de Sustentabilidade e Desenvolvimento Sustentável são analisadas conjuntamente com a componente do espaço geográfico. Tais contribuições são resgatadas e trazidas para o debate atual, visando dialogar com o campo chamado de Demografia Espacial. Dessa forma, iniciativas e estudos desenvolvidos até então que contemplaram de forma bem-sucedida ou não tal conexão entre Sustentabilidade, Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a demografia espacial são exemplificados neste artigo. Neste sentido, destaca-se também os estudos de Hogan a respeito dos temas de Sustentabilidade e Desenvolvimento Sustentável que nos trazem os conceitos de Capacidade de Suporte e a possibilidade de considerar nos estudos demográficos, as diferentes escalas de análises e os seus respectivos contextos espaciais. Por fim, aqui é proposta a consideração de que a Sustentabilidade e o Desenvolvimento Sustentável são conceitos dinâmicos e que dependem do momento histórico, político, social, econômico e geográfico em que estão inseridos. Esta consideração pode, ainda, ser um caminho para políticas públicas e ações efetivas na preservação ambiental, equidade social e eficiência econômica.
Bibliotecas emergenciais
Authors: Franklin Benjamin Luiz , Duran Maria Renata da Cruz
Published: October 2021

Introdução: A pandemia do novo coronavírus atingiu as instituições de memória nos anos de 2020 e 2021, promovendo a suspensão parcial das atividades nas bibliotecas. As escolas e universidades, após a adoção do Ensino Remoto Emergencial, foram privadas do acesso a acervos vitais para suas atividades. Objetivo: Este trabalho colabora para o estabelecimento do conceito de Bibliotecas Emergenciais, consonantes com o esforço de enfrentamento da pandemia, no sentido de viabilizar o acesso a um acervo em tempos de exceção. Metodologia: Após a síntese de conceitos relacionados por revisão na literatura, procuramos evidenciar as possibilidades, exigências e dificuldades de ações que poderiam caracterizar a implementação de uma Biblioteca Emergencial, buscando subsídios nos resultados empíricos de projetos promovidos na Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Resultados: Os experimentos sugerem as seguintes características para uma Biblioteca Emergencial: a adoção da materialidade digital e sua reprodutibilidade técnica como padrão de implementação; o uso de licenças abertas e obras em domínio público como prioridade na constituição dos acervos; o cuidado com a dependência às plataformas digitais hegemônicas e a busca por um mecanismo jurídico objetivo, que permita a digitalização, armazenamento e distribuição de conteúdo legado sob direitos autorais restritivos. Conclusão: O regime de exceção, que fechou as bibliotecas no período de pandemia, pode também abrir possibilidades de circulação de seus acervos, ensejando e potencializando sua própria razão de ser. As Bibliotecas Emergenciais podem oferecer uma resposta afirmativa alternativa às restrições e à escassez, que caracterizaram o enfrentamento à pandemia.
Potential application of chitosan-based nanoparticles containing essential oils against mosquitoes, moths and beetles
Authors: Maia Ana Maria da Silva
Published: October 2021

The association between the use of synthetic insecticides and the appearance of resistant insects, human poisoning and the environment contamination generated the need to develop new forms to pest control, and essential oils stand out as an alternative. However, due to their volatility and instability, their use in native form is unfeasible. It is possible to circumvent these problems by their encapsulation, and the use of polymeric nanoparticles for this purpose has many advantages, since these systems prevent the oil degradation, and control its release. The first in vivo trials of chitosan nanoparticles containing essential oils with insecticidal activity were published in the late 2010s. Considering the growing interest in this subject, as can be seen from the increase in the number of publications, this review aimed to gather all the papers that presented biological assays using essential oils encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles against insects. Further, the techniques used to prepare these nanoparticles are also discussed. It was possible to note that the technique called complex coacervation led to smaller particles and most articles describing in vivo tests of chitosan nanoparticles containing essential oils assess their larvicidal activity. Among the tested nanoparticles, the one that had the best larvicidal activity in acute toxicity tests were those obtained by complexing of chitosan with cashew gum and those with the best residual activity were the cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Chitosan nanoparticles containing essential oils also increased their insecticidal activity in toxicity tests against adult beetles.
The view of school management beyond the institutional framework: perceptions about their own performance and family participation in school
Authors: Souza Valdirene Eliane Bailon de , Mello Rita Márcia Andrade Vaz de , Barreto Maria de Lourdes Mattos
Published: October 2021

In this study, we analyzed the relationship between the management team of a State School in Minas Gerais and the families of the students, identifying perceptions about their own performance and the participation of families in the institutional scope. To this end, the theoretical-methodological axis is characterized by a case study, with a descriptive approach and a qualitative approach, based on a corpus consisting of information from seven Basic Education Specialists (BSE). Thus, we found that the management team, in general, admits the essentiality of family participation at the institutional level. However, according to the findings of this research, conflicting situations are evidenced between school members and family members/guardians of students, which demonstrates the constant need for school debates on interpersonal relationships, even with the possibility of stirring up controversies and causing confrontations of ideas, given the need to put democratic guiding principles into practice, through communicability.
Manipulating Sense of Participation in Multipartite Conversations by Manipulating Head Attitude and Gaze Direction
Authors: Higashi Kenta , Isoyama Naoya , Sakata Nobuchika , Kiyokawa Kiyoshi ,   Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan 1-5 Yokotani, Setaoe-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan
Published: October 2021

Interpersonal communication is so important in everyday life that it is desirable everyone who participates in the conversation is satisfied. However, every participant of the conversation cannot be satisfied in such cases as those wherein only one person cannot keep up with the conversation and feels alienated, or wherein someone cannot communicate non-verbal expressions with his/her conversation partner adequately. In this study, we have focused on facial direction and gaze among the various factors that are said to affect conversational satisfaction. We have attempted to lessen any sense of non-participation in the conversation and increase the conversational satisfaction of the non-participant in a tripartite conversation by modulating the visual information in such a way that the remaining two parties turn toward the non-participating party. In the experiments we have conducted in VR environments, we have reproduced a conversation of two male adults recorded in actual environments using two avatars. The experimental subjects have watched this over their HMDs. The experiments have found that visually modulating the avatars’ faces and gazes such that they appear to turn toward the subjects has increased the subjects’ sense of participation in the conversation. Nevertheless, the experiments have not increased the subjects’ conversational enjoyment, a component of the factors for conversational satisfaction.
Dynamic Brake Control for a Wearable Impulsive Force Display by a String and a Brake System
Authors: Saga Satoshi ,   Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan, Ikeda Naoto
Published: October 2021

In recent years, it has become possible to experience sports in the virtual reality (VR) space. Although many haptic displays in the VR environment currently use vibrators as the mainstream, the vibrators’ presentation is not suitable to express ball-receiving in the VR sports experience. Therefore, we have developed a novel haptic display that reproduces an impulsive force by instantaneously applying traction to the palm using a string and wearable brake system. This paper proposes a method to present various reaction forces by dynamic control of the braking system and report the quantitative evaluation of the device’s physical and psychological usability.