bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ MODELS OF RELATIVE MOTION IN PHYSICS
Authors:   University of Ottawa, Canada, Trudel Louis , Métioui Abdeljalil ,   Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
Published: September 2021

The relative speed concept was chosen since it is linked with the relative nature of motion and it is likely that the students would harbor many alternative conceptions about it. The research objective was to identify the various ways students conceive relative motion. Qualitative data collected in various forms of representation received a categorization analysis. Several models of students’ understanding about relative motion had been identified. Suggestions are offered to the classroom teacher to help his students understand relative motion. Keywords: relative motion, POE tasks, high school physics education, conceptual understanding.
TEACHERS’ VIEW ON THE LOWER SECONDARY CHEMISTRY CURRICULUM IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Authors:   University of Hradec Kralove & Charles University, Czech Republic, Bilek Martin , Chroustova Katerina ,   Charles University & University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic, Rychtera Jiri ,   University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic, Machkova Veronika ,   University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, Kolar Karel ,   University of Hradec Kralove & Charles University, Czech Republic, Štrofova Jitka ,   University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic, Sloup Radovan ,   University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic, Šmidl Milan ,   J. E. Purkyne University Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic, Bartova Iveta ,   Palacky University, Czech Republic
Published: September 2021

The research was focused on the teacher’s opinions about the key and critical points of the lower secondary chemistry curriculum in the Czech Republic. Through the interviews with 40 chemistry teachers from four Czech regions was gained information about what teachers named as critical topics and what as key topics in early chemistry school contents. Some problems were identified mainly with cognition overload of learners and the necessity to realize stronger connections to everyday life and forming science literacy. Keywords: chemistry teachers’ opinions, early chemistry education, key points of the curriculum, critical points of the curriculum.
CHANGES ALL AROUND US AND WITHIN SCIENCE EDUCATION
Authors:   University of Latvia, Latvia, Broks Andris
Published: September 2021

This work is formed as a set of thematic mind maps for presentation during authors’ speech and further discussion during symposium BalticSTE2019. Selected mind maps are large-scale philosophy and psychology- based maps for general orientation within the complex situations when we are searching for definite solutions of concrete particular problems. All mind maps present visualization of definite thoughts’ arrangement within corresponding structures, what are well-known products of systemic organization of humans’ thinking. Keywords: general science education, philosophy of Science, systems theory.
VALIDATION OF METHOD FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF COGNITIVE COMPLEXITY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY PROBLEM TASKS
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Serbia, Horvat Saša A. , Rodić Dušica D. ,   University of Novi Sad, Serbia, Rončević Tamara N. ,   University of Novi Sad, Serbia, Segedinac Mirjana D. ,   University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: September 2021

The aim of research was validation of a method for the assessment of cognitive complexity of chemical technology problem tasks. The method included an assessment of the difficulty of concepts and an assessment of their interactivity. As a research instrument for assessing performance, test of knowledge was used. Each task in the test was followed by a 5-point Likert scale for the evaluation of invested mental effort. The validity of this method was confirmed by a series of linear regression analysis where extremely high values of correlation coefficients are obtained among the examined variables: student’s performance, invested mental effort and cognitive complexity. Keywords: cognitive complexity, problem solving, chemical technology.
CALCIUM CYCLE IN CHEMISTRY TEACHING AT THE LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL
Authors:   University of Hradec Kralove & Charles University, Czech Republic, Kolar Karel , Bilek Martin ,   University of Hradec Kralove & Charles University, Czech Republic, Chroustova Katerina ,   Charles University & University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic, Rychtera Jiri ,   University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic, Machkova Veronika ,   University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
Published: September 2021

The research is focused on the use of experimental calcium cycle in chemistry teaching at the lower secondary school. The cycle is based on four reactions: 1. thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate, 2. reaction of calcium oxide with water, 3. calcium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid, 4. reaction of calcium chloride with sodium carbonate. The calcium cycle was tested at lower secondary schools (and equal classes from comprehensive schools). Despite the difficulty of taking some steps, the cycle was accepted by both teachers and learners. Keywords: chemistry teaching, experimental cycle, calcium cycle, lower secondary education.
Covid-19, diseño biomecánico del puesto de auxiliar de enfermería. Caso del hospital: Universidad Técnica particular de Loja.
Authors: Velasteguí Hernandez Rita Elizabeth , Córdova Suárez Manolo Alexander , Villacres Cevallos Edison Patricio
Published: September 2021

Introducción. La pandemia por coronavirus ha causado mucho daño no solo a las personas que afecta sino también a los profesionales de salud que los atienden.  Las actividades que realizan los Auxiliares de Enfermería (ADE) tienen exposición a cargas estáticas que pueden ocasionar afecciones al sistema osteo mioarticular. Objetivo. Se estudió ergonómicamente la actividad de manipulación de pacientes en posiciones establecidas que cumplen procedimientos de atención médica por Covi-19 en las Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo (UCI) del Hospital Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), utilizando el programa informático BIO-mec. Metodología. Se empezó con la identificación observacional de: a) las actividades, b) tareas, c) tiempos y movimientos que ejecuta el ADE al manejar el paciente a posición decúbito supino y decúbito prono por mejora de ventilación y desalojo de fluidos pulmonares,  en las UCI del Hospital UTPL que pueden causar  exceso de los límites corporales del trabajador en el sistema osteo mioarticular. Luego se efectuó un cálculo del porcentaje de la carga máxima, sobrecarga, riesgo soportable alcanzado en cada articulación   que establece el método BIO-mec antes y después de la implementación de una cama hospitalaria ajustable a la altura vertical del auxiliar de enfermería. Resultados. Las mejoras del puesto muestran afectación negativa en las cargas máximas admisibles de codo, hombro, torso, cadera, rodilla y tobillo, mejorando los ángulos de postura de: 130° para rodilla, 94° cadera, 50° para L5/S1, 40° para hombro, 130° para codo y 90°muñeca para los hombres, mejorando los 6 elementos de carga postural. Para las mujeres la implementación mejoró los ángulos de postura de: 130° para rodilla, 94° cadera, 50° para L5/S1, 40° para hombro, 130° para codo y 90°muñeca mejorando los 4 de los 6 elementos de carga postural. Conclusión. El uso de una cama de paciente ajustable a la altura vertical mejora la postura del auxiliar de enfermería disminuyendo el 66,66% de la afectación ergonómica para las mujeres y el 100% para los hombres.
Proyecto económico para la fabricación y comercialización de una bebida energizante de taxo endulzada con estevia
Authors: Bravo Avalos María Belén , Velasco Matveev Luis Antonio , Aguiar Novillo Santiago Nicolás
Published: September 2021

Introducción. Actualmente el mercado de bebidas energizantes ha incrementado, esta investigación pretende analizar la capacidad del mercado de la ciudad de Riobamba para aceptar una bebida elaborada con un producto de la zona: el taxo, fruta que aporta vitaminas y minerales, posee un olor muy característico y agradable, la planta que se adapta a la perfección en Ecuador y el extracto de sus hojas es 200 veces más dulce que el azúcar. Objetivo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar el proyecto económico para la fabricación y comercialización de una bebida energizante de taxo endulzada con estevia Metodología. La investigación uso un método inductivo-deductivo semi-experimental, se analizaron variables de género, edad, nivel y preferencias de consumo, entre otras; se ejecutó en el cantón Riobamba, a 255 personas, de 15 años en adelante, considerando varios aspectos. El instrumento aplicado fue un cuestionario estructurado con 12 preguntas cerradas. Resultados. Los resultados demostraron que el 86,4% de los encuestados consumen regularmente bebidas energizantes de varias marcas existentes en el mercado local. El 63,6% lo consumen como mínimo una vez al mes, esto demuestra la importancia que estas bebidas han logrado. El 36,4% de las personas lo hacen por su sabor y otro 36,4% por la calidad, esto demostró las cualidades que debería tener el producto. El 86,4% de los encuestados está de acuerdo en probar un nuevo sabor de este tipo de bebidas y el 95,5% creen que una bebida energizante a base de taxo sería muy buena y buena. El 72.7% de las personas adquieren sus bebidas en las tiendas de barrio, siendo este un lugar ideal de expendio, el mismo porcentaje considera a las redes sociales como un lugar óptimo para conocer y recibir información acerca del producto, el 72.7% de los encuestados considera adecuado pagar $1,30 por una botella de 250ml. Con estos antecedentes concluimos que el presente Proyecto Económico para la elaboración y comercialización de una bebida energizante de taxo endulzada con estevia es altamente atractiva con gran potencial de emprendimiento local.
Okul Öncesi Eğitimin Genel Görünümü: Okul Yöneticileri Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Can Ertuğ , Kılıç Şeyda
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı okul yöneticilerinin görüşlerine göre okul öncesi eğitimin genel durumunu belirlemek ve okul öncesi eğitime yönelik öneriler geliştirmektir. Araştırmanın katılımcıları, 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında Edirne İl merkezinde resmî anaokulları ile anasınıfı bulunan okullarda görevli 19 okul yöneticisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış ve veriler içerik analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, okul yöneticilerinin çoğunluğu, okul öncesi eğitim programı hakkında yeterli bilgileri olmadığını belirtmiştir. Programların uygulanmasında, materyal eksikliği ve fiziksel yetersizlik nedeniyle sorunlar bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca, okul öncesi eğitimde zorunlu pilot uygulamanın yetersiz olduğu ve katılımın sağlanamadığı, öğrenci aidatlarının düzenli ödenmediği, okulların bütçe sıkıntısı olduğu belirtilmiştir. Yöneticilere göre, okul öncesi eğitimde velilerin öğretmenlere sürekli müdahalesi, öğretmenlerin teneffüslerinin olmaması, ikili eğitim uygulaması, öğrenci sayısının fazla olması, personel ve mevzuat eksikliği gibi sorunlar bulunmaktadır. Yöneticilere göre, okul öncesi eğitim zorunlu olmalı, fiziksel eksiklikler giderilmeli, aileler bilinçlendirilmeli, personel desteği sağlanmalı ve eğitim giderlerini devlet karşılamalıdır. Ayrıca, okul yöneticileri, okul öncesi eğitim hakkında eğitilmelidir.
Okul Öncesi Öğretmen Sorularının Türleri ve Bilişsel Talepleri
Authors: Başalev Serenay , Soysal Yılmaz
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışma okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin soru türlerinin ve bu soruların bilişsel taleplerinin incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Durum çalışması olarak tasarlanan araştırma 2019-2020 akademik yılında resmi bir anaokulunda görevli iki okul öncesi öğretmeni ve okul öncesi eğitime devam eden 52 çocukla yürütülmüştür . Çalışmanın veri setini sınıf içi uygulamaların video kayıtları (n = 17, toplamda 302 dakika) oluşturmaktadır. Öğretmenlerin her soru ifadesi bir analiz birimi olarak belirlenmiş ve kodlanmıştır. Öğretmen Soruları Kodlama Kataloğu, soru türevlerini; Olası Bilişsel Talepleri Kodlama Kataloğu ise bilişsel talepleri analiz etmek üzere geliştirilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin soruları sosyokültürel söylem analizinin bir kolu olan sistematik gözlem yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin; İletişimsel, İzleme, Değerlendir–Yargıla–Eleştir, Çeldirme, Delillendirme, Gözlemle–Karşılaştır–Tahmin et, Çıkarımda Bulunma ve Diğer şeklinde sekiz türde soruları sergilediği gözlemlenmiştir. Öğretmen sorularının öğrenenlerde yarattığı olası bilişsel taleplerin ise hatırlama, anlama, analiz ve değerlendirme düzeylerinde olduğu ve sıklıkla anlama düzeyinde soruların kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Çalışmanın çıktıları göz önünde bulundurularak, soru çeşitliliğine, tartışma kültürüne ve üretken soru kavramlarına yönelik tartışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Erken Çocukluk Dönemine Ait Resimli Çocuk Kitaplarında Cinsel Eğitim Unsurlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Öztürk Gökçen Merve , Feyman Gök Nihan
Published: September 2021

Cinsel eğitim, bireyin bütüncül gelişimini etkileyen ve olumlu değer yargıları geliştirmesini sağlayan bir eğitimdir. Ailelerin ve eğitimcilerin cinsel eğitim hakkında yeterli bilgilerinin olmaması çocukların cinsel eğitimden mahrum kalmasıyla sonuçlanmaktadır. Erken çocukluk döneminde başlaması gereken cinsel eğitim, ebeveynlerin ve öğretmenlerin sorumluluğundadır. Çocuklar doğal olarak vücutlarını merak ederler ve çocukların sorularını cevaplamak onların cinsel eğitim süreçlerinde önemli bir rol oynar. Resimli çocuk kitapları çocukların sorularını yanıtlamayı, onlarla açık ve dürüst bir iletişim kurmayı sağlayan önemli eğitim materyallerinden biridir. Hem aileler hem de öğretmenler, çocuklara cinsel eğitim unsurları içeren nitelikli resimli çocuk kitapları okuyarak cinsel eğitimi destekleyebilirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı, erken çocukluk dönemine yönelik olarak hazırlanmış resimli çocuk kitaplarının cinsel eğitim unsurları açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırma nitel yöntemlerinden durum çalışması ile desenlenmiş, veriler doküman incelemesi tekniği kullanılarak betimsel analiz ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 30 resimli çocuk kitabı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, resimli çocuk kitaplarında cinsel eğitim unsurlarından en çok erkek-kadın vücutlarına, en az beden değerine yer verildiği görülmektedir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre resimli çocuk kitaplarında beden değerine daha çok yer verilmesi ve cinsel organların anatomik isimlerinin kullanılması önerilmektedir.
Pandemi Sürecinde Uzaktan Eğitim ile Okul Öncesi Eğitimden İlkokula Geçiş Hakkında Veli Görüşleri
Authors: Konca Ahmet Sami , Çakır Tuğba
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı pandemi sürecinde uzaktan eğitim ile okul öncesinden ilkokula geçiş hakkında veli görüşlerini belirlemektir. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması deseninde tasarlanan araştırmanın katılımcıları çocuğu pandemi döneminde okul öncesi eğitimi tamamlayıp ilkokul 1.sınıfa geçiş yapan 20 veliden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplamak amacıyla katılımcılarla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre pandemi başlangıcında çocukların okul öncesi eğitime katılamadığı ve velilerin yapılan uzaktan eğitimden memnun olmadıkları,  uzaktan eğitim ile yapılan okul öncesi eğitimde ise çoğunlukla öğretmenlerin telefon üzerinden WhatsApp uygulaması aracılığıyla etkinlikler gönderdiği, bunun yanında velilerin de kendi oluşturduğu etkinlikleri kullandıkları, süreçte aileye düşen görevlerin arttığı, çocukların iletişim, eğitsel ve sosyal açıdan çeşitli sıkıntılar yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir. İlkokul başlangıcında uzaktan eğitim sürecinde en çok EBA (Eğitim Bilişim Ağı) ve Zoom uygulamalarının kullanıldığı en az ise TRT Okul kanalının tercih edildiği bulunmuştur. Veliler senkron ve asenkron olarak katılım gösterdikleri uzaktan eğitim sürecinde yaşadıkları çeşitli olumlu durumlardan ayrıca sorun ve önerilerden bahsetmişlerdir. Araştırmanın sonuçları doğrultusunda pandemi döneminde okul öncesi eğitimin göz ardı edilmemesi ve öğretmen ile öğrenci arasında iletişimin artırılması önerilmektedir.
Yeni Normalin Erken Çocukluk Dönemi Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Ebeveyn Görüşleri Alınarak İncelenmesi
Authors: Ok Beyzanur , Torun Nurdan , Yazıcı Dila Nur
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı; pandemi sürecinin erken çocukluk dönemi çocuklarının davranışlarında meydana gelen değişimlerin, aynı zamanda bunların çocuk üzerindeki etkilerinin ebeveyn görüşleri alınarak belirlenmesidir. Etik kurul onayı alınan bu araştırma kapsamında, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden kartopu örnekleme kullanılarak katılımcılar seçilmiş ve 20 ebeveyn ile görüşülmüştür. Ebeveynlerin fikirleri görüşme tekniği kullanılarak alınmıştır. Temel nitel araştırma yöntemiyle yürütülen çalışma içerik analizi tekniği ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan ebeveynler, günlük rutinlerinde birtakım değişikliklerin meydana geldiğini ifade etmişlerdir. Bu değişikliklerin sosyal aktiviteler, beslenme saatleri, uyku saatleri, hijyen ve elektronik cihazların kullanımı şeklinde kategorileştiği görülmüştür. Rutinlerde meydana gelen değişimler sonucunda çocuklarda öfke, isyan, mutsuzluk, korku gibi duygusal problemlerin yanında saldırganlık, aşırı hareketlilik ve inatçılık gibi davranışların da ortaya çıktığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Pandemi sürecinde eğitim öğretime ara verilmesiyle çocuklarda okula, öğretmene ve arkadaşlara duyulan özlemin arttığı görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda bu değişimler sonucunda ebeveynlerde endişe, üzüntü, agresiflik gibi durumlar ortaya çıkmıştır.
Beslenme Eğitiminin Çocukların Beslenme Kararları ve Akıl Yürütme Örüntüleri Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Yıldırım Süt Özge , Kutluca Ali Yiğit
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, beslenme eğitiminin çocukların beslenme kararlarını ve akıl yürütme örüntülerini nasıl etkilediğini keşfetmektir. Bu durum çalışması, 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılı Elazığ ilinde bir anaokulunda öğrenim gören 60-72 aylık sekiz çocuğun katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında örnek menü seçenekleri, haftalık etkinlikler ve video kayıtlar aracılığıyla veriler toplanmıştır. Çocuklar, haftada iki gün olacak şekilde toplamda altı haftalık beslenme eğitimine dâhil edilmişlerdir. Eğitimin b1şında ve sonunda çocuklara sağlıklı, sağlıklı gibi görünen ve sağlıksız olacak şekilde beslenme uzmanı tarafından hazırlanmış olan kahvaltı, öğlen ve akşam yemeği menüleri sunulmuştur. Çocukların üç alternatifli menülerden birini seçmeleri istenmiştir. Eğitim öncesi ve sonrasında çocukların kararları -1, 0, 1 şeklinde puanlandırılırken akıl yürütme örüntülerini analitik rubrik aracılığıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, beslenme eğitiminin çocukların menü seçimlerini olumlu etkilediğini ve onların daha mantıksal akıl yürütmeler yapmalarını sağladığını göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlar, literatür temelli olarak derinlemesine tartışılmış ve pedagojik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Peran Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kebijakan Pendidikan Inklusi di Tingkat Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Lalak Muslimin Luk Luk Yata , Muqowim Muqowim
Published: September 2021

This study aims to reveal the role of school principals in inclusive education policies at the elementary school level. This research method uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were principals, teachers, and guardians of students at SDN 20 Mataram. Data collection techniques in this study used interviews, observation, and documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique used descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of this study are the principal's role by making changes and making policies that support the implementation of inclusive education in planning, process, and evaluation. The supporting and inhibiting factors of the principal's policy on inclusive education include the positive attitude of accepting students with special needs from the principal, teachers, and education staff without any difference. Second, there is additional funding provided by the government. Third, flexible school curriculum. Fourth, there are supporting facilities and infrastructure as well as learning resources. Fifth, the location of the school adjacent to the SLB. In contrast, the inhibiting factor is the absence of a special assistant teacher at SDN 20 Mataram.
The Implementation of ‘Market Day' Activities to Improve Children Entrepreneurship at Telkom Preschool Ternate
Authors: Samad Farida , Wondal Rosita , Mahmud Nurhamsa , Haryati Haryati , Purba Natalia
Published: September 2021

This study aims to describe the implementation of 'market day' activities to improve children entrepreneurship learning at Telkom Preschool Ternate. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this research were students and teachers of group B Telkom Preschool in academic year 2019/2020. Data collection used direct observation, in-depth interviews and documentary methods. The data were analyzed qualitatively with such stages of reduction, presentation of data, verification and conclusion. The result showed that the implementation of the 'market day' or school market activities in Telkom preschool Ternate has integrated with entrepreneurial values based on Telkom preschool curriculum. The students were able to get direct experience about entrepreneurship value. All students in A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3 groups felt enthusiastic and motivated when buying and selling activities. The learning activities from the beginning to the end were done in accordance with the principles of learning for early childhood and directed towards the achievement of learning objectives. Thus, it will improve children's cognitive abilities and entrepreneurial skills from an early age.
Rekonstruksi Desain Kegiatan Laboratorium Kurikulum KTSP dan K-13 Pada Materi Ekosistem Untuk Mengembangkan HOTS Siswa
Authors: Muchsin Adnan , Supriatno Bambang , Anggraeni Sri
Published: September 2021

This study aims to analyze 4 (four) aspects in the Design of Laboratory Activities (DKL/Worksheet) on concept of ecosystem components and echological intearction in different curricula (KTSP 2006 and K-13), which could become a reference in reconstructing new Worksheet. The four aspects tested were relevance to the curriculum, competence, knowledge construction and practical aspect. The instrument developed in this study was a descriptive table refering to the Vee Diagram. This reserach used a qualitative descriptive method and all sampels of worksheets were collected using purposive sampling from various sources. The data were analyzed based on the percentage of total scores gained in the rubric and were categorized based on the tabel of validity criteria.The steps of the research were conducting trial practicum, analyzing worksheets and reconstructing new worksheet. The results showed (1) only the practical aspect fulfilled to the criteria of quite valid, while the others were still less valid. (2) In general, the achievement scores of Worksheets in KTSP 2006 were higher than those of Worksheet in K-13, due to lower Basic Competencies demands. Furthermore, new Worksheet was constructed which is expected to be able to be qualified to the 4 concepts tested.
EFL Students’ Pronunciation Problems in Presenting Thesis Proposal at Tertiary Level of English Department
Authors: Rahman Arif , Tralala Lalu Nawasier
Published: September 2021

The aim of the research is to investigate EFL Students’ Pronunciation Problems in Presenting Thesis Proposal at Tertiary Level of English Department. This qualitative study reported in this article focused on segmental features problems. The instruments used to collect the data needed in this study were the researcher, recording, and Dictionary. The data analysis covered consonant and vowel pronunciation problems. was based on the theories of phonetics proposed by George Yule and Jacobs, which embraces voicing, manner of articulation and place of articulation for English consonant production and the tongue part and position, sound length, and mouth forming for English vowel production. The result of the study shows that the research subject encountered a number of segmental pronunciation problems consisting of consonants and vowels including pure vowels and diphthongs. Furthermore, this research revealed that the problem with consonant sounds were the substitution of the sounds [v], [ð], [θ], [t∫], [ʒ], [ʃ] [z] and the deletion of the  sounds [k], [ɡ], [t], and [s]. The problem with pure vowel sounds were the substitution of the sound [ɪ], [iː], [ɛ], [ʊ], [ʌ], [ɜː], [ɒ], [ɔː] and [ə] and the insertion of the sound [ə] between two consonant sounds. The problem with diphthongs were: the monophthongization of the sound [aɪ], [aʊ], [eɪ], [ɪə], [əʊ], and the replacement of the sounds [eɪ] and [ɪə] with other diphthongs. It is suggested for the next researchers to investigate pronunciation problems related to supra-segmental aspects and phonemic opposition. and factors driving pronunciation problems in the EFL Classroom setting.
Reconstruction of the burial № 2 destruction process at the Chernyakhiv culture cemetery Komariv-1
Authors: Avramenko Mariana
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of burial 2 from the Chernyakhiv culture cemetery Komariv-1 (Kelmentsy district, Chernivtsi region). The northern burial, destroyed in ancient time, belonged to a woman. The text provides a description of the archaeological complex, the reconstruction of the original appearance and the gradual reconstruction of the destruction process.
Based on the known data about the costume of the bearers of the Chernyakhiv culture, the peculiarities of the funeral rite, the peculiarities of the placement of the grave goods, it was possible to reconstruct the original appearance of the completely destroyed burial.
Thanks to anthropological determinations of the position of individual human bones in the burial, it was possible to determine the sequence of destruction of the skeleton and grave goods.
After entering the grave pit, the skull was separated. The skull was then placed face down in the center of the grave. After that, the chest was destroyed. The bones of the legs were inserted in a certain sequence (crossed bones, inverted bones, mirror-embedded bones). The last stage of the destruction of the burial was the destruction of the skeleton of the sheep (food-offering) and turning over and breaking the utensils in the burial. After the burial was destroyed, the burial pit remained open. According to the information received, the burial was destroyed after the decomposition of the soft tissues of the body, but before the decomposition of the leather elements of the suit.
According to the results of the study, the following conclusions were made:
• Even a completely destroyed burial can be reconstructed to its original appearance.
• Different areas of the skeleton were subjected to different manipulations. The thorax is destroyed, the skull and bones of the legs are re-inserted in a certain (non-anatomical) order.
• Part of the inventory (at least one silver fibula) was removed from the burial, but the main purpose was not looting but the destruction of the burial.
• Burial occurred between the decomposition of the soft tissues of the body and the leather elements of the suit.
Key words: Chernyakhiv culture, funeral rite, destroyed burials, reconstruction of funeral rite, post-funeral rite.
Review of the problem of transforming the name of Mezhybizh town in the light of new archival sources
Authors: Nahnybida Ruslan , Saranchuk Ivan
Published: September 2021

It is noted in the article that the first written information about Podillya towns in Polish sources dates back to the end of the 14th - first half of the 15th century, and in the ancient Old Rus` chronicles there are mentions only of some towns, among which there is Mezhybizh town, located between rivers Pivdennyi Buh and Buzhok. It is stated that the location determined its name. However, it is established that the name Medzhybizh, which has survived to the present day, is fixed in the documents of the late Middle Ages.
On the basis of the discovered materials, which are iconographic materials and archival documents of the Sieniawski family, an attempt was made to trace the transformation of the name of the town from the 12th to the 18th century. It is claimed that this name could have been established thanks to beekeeping. It is known that the production and sale of honey and wax played an important role in the economic and financial life of many cities, including Medzhybizh.
During the analysis of archival sources, it was established that the document on construction and repair works in the Medzhybizh key for 1727 it is stated that in Nova Syniava a new winter house for beehives was built, which did not exist before, and peasants no longer spent much time and they didn`t drove apiaries to Medzhybozh in the autumn and back to Nova Syniava in the spring. The same clay stebniks were built in Khodkivtsi and Kopystyn, 30 km from Medzhybizh. However, for 10 years in the description of Novosinyavsky court in 1738, the stebnyk on two pillars is marked as old. Only in the document for 1759–1760 was the treasure stebnyk of Medzhybizh first mentioned, in which magnate apiaries were probably kept in winter. We assume that it could be located under the magnate's chambers and rooms in the south-eastern part of the castle of Medzhibizh or near the castle at the court of the Czartoryski, which was surrounded by a moat and an oak fence. Although such an assumption requires thorough research.
Also on the map of the geometer Anthony Endrzejowski in 1772 in the explication we find mentions of three large apiaries, which were located near Medzhybizh, on the outskirts of the village Markivtsi.
Key words: Medzhybizh, Sieniawski, Czartoryski, stebnyk (a building designed for wintering bees), honey.
Complications and Management of Asymptomatic Patients with Measles Infection During Pregnancy
Authors: Fasoulakis Zacharias N , Galazios Georgios , Liberis Vasileios , Kontomanolis Emmanuel N
Published: September 2021

Measles virus is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae that causes an epidemic disease with worldwide distribution, with the main symptom of this systematic disease being a prodrome of fever and a pathognomonic enanthema (Koplik spots), followed by a maculopapular rash. The rash usually appears about 14 days after the patient’s exposure and even though vaccination has led the virus to be limited to preschool children and young adults, measles infection can cause severe and even fatal complications in adults, pregnant women and immunocomprised patients. The aim of this article is to highlight the dangers of measles outbreak during a possible crucial and hazardous period for both the mother and the fetus, and to suggest possible management and treatment options during gestation.
The use of Bovine Pericardium Graft (BPG) in Anterior Colporrhaphy; a review of the literature and a retrospective study
Authors: Tsonis O. , Barmpalia Z. , Gkrozou F. , Paschopoulos M. , Papanikolaou O.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Bovine Pericardium Graft (BPG) is a non-synthetic mesh, used in cases of anterior vaginal prolapse reconstructive operation in Urogynecology. Little is known about the efficacy of this mesh and more empirical studies need to clarify its potential benefits as well as, mesh-associated complications of this type. The role of the mesh, though needs, further assessment. Methods: A review on the literature regarding the use of Bovine pericardium Graft in anterior colporrhaphy has been conducted. Retrospective data from our Department in the University Hospital of Ioannina Greece regarding 80 women, who underwent anterior colporrhaphy with the use of BPG, was analyzed and further evaluated. Women were examined using the POP-Q system after surgery and 24 months later. Results: Resolution of the prolapse was achieved in the vast majority of the patients (78/80 = 97.5%). Patients with 3rd stage of prolapse were 100% cured after surgery. Forty-eight patients had remaining prolapse of stage 1 and the remaining four patients achieved stage zero (0). Discussion: Although the number of patients is quite small and the data is retrospective, it seems that the BPG has a beneficial role in anterior colporrhaphy. International literature remains controversial in assessing its true value and potential risks. Conclusion: Retrospective data from the University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece, shows promising results in the use of Bovine Pericardium Graft use during anterior colporrhaphy.
Study of RsaI polymorphism of the ERβ gene in Greek women with endometriosis
Authors: Anagnostou Elli , Theodoropoulou Agathi , Mavrogianni Despina , Protopapas Athanasios , Drakakis Peter , Loutradis Dimitrios
Published: September 2021

Estrogens and estrogen receptors (ERs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of gene polymorphism RsaI in the gene of the estrogen receptor ERβ in the Greek female population, and its distribution in women suffering from endometriosis and in a control group. We included 67 consecutive infertile women of Caucasian origin who were operated laparoscopically in our Gynecological Endoscopy Unit for endometriosis, and 96 women participated as control group. Patients were genotyped for RsaI (G/A, rs1256049) polymorphism in ESR2 exon 5, using real-time PCR. The patients’ genotype distribution did not differ from the control group. There were no women homozygous for the polymorphic allele in neither group. The different genotypes of ESR2 could not be associated with the stage of endometriosis. The data of this study point that in Greek population who had proven endometriosis the determination of RsaI polymorphism of ESR2 gene doesn’t offer any information for the progression of endometriosis, regarding the genetic profile of this particular gene.
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000073 Enhances Osteosarcoma Cells Malignant Behavior by Sponging miR-1252-5p and Modulating CCNE2 and MDM2
Authors: Ren Zhijing , Yang Qinqin , Guo Jiajia , Huang Haifeng , Li Bo , Yang Zhen , Tian Xiaobin
Published: September 2021

Objective: An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in tumor progression. However, the role of hsa_circ_0000073 in osteosarcoma (OS) is still not fully elucidated.

Methods: Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or Western blot was used to detect the gene expression. GeneChip analysis, bioinformatics, luciferase reporter, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were adopted to predict and verify the relationships between genes. Counting Kit-8 Assay, clone formation assay, wound-healing assay, transwell assays, cell cycle assays, and in vivo tumorigenesis were used to evaluate cell function.

Results: hsa_circ_0000073 was highly expressed in OS cell lines and could promote OS progression, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle in vitro as well as tumorigenesis in vivo. Mechanically, hsa_circ_0000073 could readily downregulate the expression of CCNE2 and MDM2 through miR-1252-5p. Rescue experiments validated miR-1252-5p mimics, or CCNE2/MDM2 short hairpin RNA could reverse the hsa_circ_0000073 overexpressing-induced impairment of malignant tumor behavior.

Conclusion: hsa_circ_0000073 functions as a tumor promoter in OS to increase malignant tumor behavior through sponging miR-1252-5p and regulating CCNE2 and MDM2 expression, which could be a novel target for OS therapy.
Optical, Electrochemical, Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Investigations of 3,4,5-Trimethoxy Phenyl Substituted Non-Aqueous Phthalocyanines
Authors: Srivishnu K. S. , Banerjee Dipanjan , Ramnagar Ramya Athira , Rathod Jagannath , Giribabu Lingamallu , Soma Venugopal Rao
Published: September 2021

A new series of non-aqueous phthalocyanines having 3,4,5-trimethoxy phenyl group at peripheral positions in which the central cavity possessing Cu(II), Zn(II), and without metals has been synthesized, and its absorption, fluorescence (steady-state and excited state lifetimes), electrochemical, and third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were evaluated. Absorption studies data suggest that all three phthalocyanines obey Beer–Lambert’s law, and the redox properties indicate that both oxidation and reduction reactions are macrocyclic centered. The singlet quantum yields were measured in different solvents and were found to be in the range of 0.2–0.5 in the case of free-base, whereas it was in the range of 0.1–0.5 in zinc derivative, while the time-resolved fluorescence data revealed lifetimes of typically a few ns. The third-order NLO properties were investigated using the Z-scan technique with kilohertz (for retrieving true electronic nonlinearities) and megahertz repetition rate femtosecond pulses at 800 nm. Intensity-dependent Z-scan studies revealed robust NLO coefficients for solutions and thin films (two-photon absorption cross-sections of 9,300–57,000 GM) of these molecules suggesting a strong potential for optical switching, imaging, and optical limiting applications.
Design of Experiments for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization of Amphiphilic Poly(Ethylene Oxide)-b-Polystyrene Block Copolymers
Authors: Pizzala Hélène , Claeys-Bruno Magalie , Monnier Valérie , Sergent Michelle , Charles Laurence
Published: September 2021

Matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionization (MALDI) has become a very popular ionization technique for mass spectrometry of synthetic polymers because it allows high throughput analysis of low amounts of sample while avoiding the complexity introduced by extensive multiple charging of electrospray ionization. Yet, fundamental mechanisms underlying this ionization process are not fully understood, so development of sample preparation methods remains empirical. Reliable prediction for the optimal matrix/analyte/salt system is indeed still not possible for homopolymers and it becomes even more challenging in the case of amphiphilic block copolymers where conditions dictated by one block are not compatible with MALDI requirements of the second block. In order to perform MALDI of copolymers composed of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and polystyrene (PS) blocks, it was postulated here that experimental conditions suitable for both species would also be successful for PEO-b-PS. Accordingly, designs of experiments based on Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis were first implemented, studying the influence of 19 matrices and 26 salts on the laser fluence requested for successful MALDI. This analysis first permitted to highlight correlations between the investigated 10 descriptors of matrices and salts and the analytical response, and then to construct models that permits reliable predictions of matrix/salt couples to be used for one or the other homopolymer. Selected couples were then used for MALDI of a PEO-b-PS copolymer but no general trend was observed: experimental conditions expected to work often failed whereas ionic adducts of the copolymer were clearly detected with some matrix/salt systems that were shown to badly perform for constituting homopolymers. Overall, this rules out the working assumption stating that the MALDI behavior of chains composed of PEO and PS segments should combine the behavior of the two polymeric species. Yet, although requiring a dedicated design of experiments, MALDI of the amphiphilic PEO-b-PS copolymer was achieved for the first time.
Composition of Vaginal Microbiota in Pregnant Women With Aerobic Vaginitis
Authors: Oh Kwan Young , Lee Sunghee , Lee Myung-Shin , Lee Myung-Ju , Shim Eunjung , Hwang Yun Ha , Ha Joong Gyu , Yang Yun Seok , Hwang In Taek , Park Jun Sook
Published: September 2021

Vaginal dysbiosis, such as bacterial vaginosis (BV) and aerobic vaginitis (AV), is an important cause of premature birth in pregnant women. However, there is very little research on vaginal microbial distribution in AV compared to that in BV. This study aimed to analyze the composition of the vaginal microbiota of pregnant women with AV using microbial community analysis and identify the causative organism using each criterion of the AV scoring system. Also, we compared the quantification of aerobic bacteria using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and their relative abundances (RA) using metagenomics. This prospective case–control study included 228 pregnant Korean women from our previous study. A wet mount test was conducted on 159 women to diagnose AV using the AV scoring system. Vaginal samples were analyzed using metagenomics, Gram staining for Nugent score determination, conventional culture, and qPCR for Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Enterobacteriaceae. The relative abundances (RAs) of eleven species showed significant differences among the three groups (Normal flora (NF), mild AV, and moderate AV). Three species including Lactobacillus crispatus were significantly lower in the AV groups than in the NF group, while eight species were higher in the AV groups, particularly moderate AV. The decrease in the RA of L. crispatus was common in three criteria of the AV scoring system (Lactobacillary, WBC, and background flora grades), while it did not show a significant difference among the three grade groups of the toxic leukocyte criterion. Also, the RAs of anaerobes, such as Gardnerella and Megasphaera, were higher in the AV groups, particularly moderate AV, while the RAs of aerobes were very low (RA < 0.01). Therefore, qPCR was performed for aerobes (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Enterobacteriaceae); however, their quantification did not show a higher level in the AV groups when compared to that in the NF group. Therefore, AV might be affected by the RA of Lactobacillus spp. and the main anaerobes, such as Gardnerella spp. Activation of leukocytes under specific conditions might convert them to toxic leukocytes, despite high levels of L. crispatus. Thus, the pathogenesis of AV can be evaluated under such conditions.
Inclusive Design of Earth Observation Decision Support Systems for Environmental Governance: A Case Study of Lake Nokoué
Authors: Ovienmhada Ufuoma , Mouftaou Fohla , Wood Danielle
Published: September 2021

Earth Observation (EO) data can enhance understanding of human-environmental systems for the creation of climate data services, or Decision Support Systems (DSS), to improve monitoring, prediction and mitigation of climate harm. However, EO data is not always incorporated into the workflow for decision-makers for a multitude of reasons including awareness, accessibility and collaboration models. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a collaborative model that addresses historical power imbalances between communities. This paper highlights a case study of a climate harm mitigation DSS collaboration between the Space Enabled Research Group at the MIT Media Lab and Green Keeper Africa (GKA), an enterprise located in Benin. GKA addresses the management of an invasive plant species that threatens ecosystem health and economic activities on Lake Nokoué. They do this through a social entrepreneurship business model that aims to advance both economic empowerment and environmental health. In demonstrating a Space Enabled-GKA collaboration model that advances GKA's business aims, this study first considers several popular service and technology design methods and offer critiques of each method in terms of their ability to address inclusivity in complex systems. These critiques lead to the selection of the Systems Architecture Framework (SAF) as the technology design method for the case study. In the remainder of the paper, the SAF is applied to the case study to demonstrate how the framework coproduces knowledge that would inform a DSS with Earth Observation data. The paper offers several practical considerations and values related to epistemology, data collection, prioritization and methodology for performing inclusive design of climate data services.
Use of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Comparison of the International Guidelines
Authors: Pastori Daniele , Menichelli Danilo , Cammisotto Vittoria , Pignatelli Pasquale
Published: September 2021

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) requires long-term anticoagulation to prevent recurrent thrombosis. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been increasingly used in APS patients, but contradictory guidelines recommendations on their use do exist. We performed a systematic review of literature including studies investigating the role of DOACs in APS patients. At this aim, PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched according to PRISMA guidelines. We identified 14 studies which investigated the use of DOACs in patients with APS, of which 3 randomized clinical trials (RCTs), 1 post-hoc analysis of 3 RCTs, 7 case series and 3 cohort studies (2 prospective and 1 retrospective). Among DOACs, rivaroxaban was the most used (n = 531), followed by dabigatran (n = 90) and apixaban (n = 46). Regarding guidelines indications, the 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and American Society of Hematology (ASH) guidelines recommend against the use of DOACs in all APS patients. The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR), British Society for Haematology (BSH), and International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) guidance provided more detailed indications stating that warfarin should be the first-choice treatment but DOACs may be considered in patients (1) already on a stable anticoagulation with a DOAC, (2) with low-quality anticoagulation by warfarin, (3) unwilling/unable to undergo INR monitoring, (4) with contraindications or serious adverse events under warfarin. Patients with arterial APS or triple positivity should be treated with warfarin while venous APS with single or double positivity may be candidate to DOACs, but high-quality studies are needed.
Regional Mean Sea Surface and Mean Dynamic Topography Models Around Malaysian Seas Developed From 27 Years of Along-Track Multi-Mission Satellite Altimetry Data
Authors: Hamden Mohammad Hanif , Din Ami Hassan Md , Wijaya Dudy Darmawan , Yusoff Mohd Yunus Mohd , Pa’suya Muhammad Faiz
Published: September 2021

Contemporary Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2020 Mean Sea Surface (UTM20 MSS) and Mean Dynamic Topography (UTM20 MDT) models around Malaysian seas are introduced in this study. These regional models are computed via scrutinizing along-track sea surface height (SSH) points and specific interpolation methods. A 1.5-min resolution of UTM20 MSS is established by integrating 27 years of along-track multi-mission satellite altimetry covering 1993–2019 and considering the 19-year moving average technique. The Exact Repeat Mission (ERM) collinear analysis, reduction of sea level variability of geodetic mission (GM) data, crossover adjustment, and data gridding are presented as part of the MSS computation. The UTM20 MDT is derived using a pointwise approach from the differences between UTM20 MSS and the local gravimetric geoid. UTM20 MSS and MDT reliability are validated with the latest Technical University of Denmark (DTU) and Collecte Localisation Services (CLS) models along with coastal tide gauges. The findings presented that the UTM20, CLS15, and DTU18 MSS models exhibit good agreement. Besides, UTM20 MDT is also in good agreement with CLS18 and DTU15 MDT models with an accuracy of 5.1 and 5.5 cm, respectively. The results also indicate that UTM20 MDT statistically achieves better accuracy than global models compared to tide gauges. Meanwhile, the UTM20 MSS accuracy is within 7.5 cm. These outcomes prove that UTM20 MSS and MDT models yield significant improvement compared to the previous regional models developed by UTM, denoted as MSS1 and MSS2 in this study.