bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relación logística entre la diversidad de especies arbóreas de áreas naturales y los asentamientos humanos del trópico de México
Authors: Martínez-Sánchez José Luis
Published: April 2019

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Bajo el crecimiento poblacional, las áreas naturales protegidas (ANPs) representan refugios para las especies; sin embargo, han sido impactadas por asentamientos humanos a <50 km de distancia. Derivado de la escasez de información en México, se analizó el efecto de la distancia y densidad del asentamiento poblacional sobre la diversidad arbórea de áreas naturales tropicales, en forma global y por tipo de vegetación, y sobre su superficie forestal circundante.Métodos: Mediante una búsqueda en Google Scholar™, se seleccionaron documentos sobre cuatro tipos de selva y dos de bosque tropical en México. En total se extrajeron 109 valores de área de muestreo, superficie del macizo forestal, DAP, diversidad α, índice de Shannon, Simpson, equidad, distancia a la población más cercana, tamaño poblacional y antigüedad del decreto de protección. La diversidad α se estandarizó para 1 cm DAP y 1 ha. La relación área muestreada-diversidad se analizó mediante regresión logarítmica, y la relación diversidad biológica-distancia y tamaño poblacional mediante regresión logística.Resultados clave: En el análisis de 73 datos de diversidad, se encontró que la diversidad α estuvo relacionada positivamente con la distancia y negativamente con el tamaño de la población más cercana a las áreas naturales no protegidas. A medida que la distancia a la población más cercana aumenta, la diversidad α aumenta, y a medida que el tamaño de la población aumenta, la diversidad α disminuye. Estas relaciones se presentaron individualmente también con tres selvas y un bosque. Por el contrario, en el análisis de 36 datos de diversidad para las ANPs, no hubo relación.Conclusiones: La distancia y densidad de la población más cercana al área natural afectan la diversidad arbórea; ésta en 40 años ha disminuido 11.4% en los sitios aquí analizados. Se discute cómo las ANPs parecen funcionar en la conservación de los recursos biológicos en el trópico de México.
Variables de la manipulación contable en las pymes comerciales de Medellín
Authors: Gomez-Ocampo Gabriel Antonio , Pérez Velásquez Hugo Alejandro , Grajales Gaviria Daniel Alberto
Published: April 2019

Las pymes son parte significativa de la economía colombiana, pues participan en todos los sectores industriales, entre los cuales el de mayor relevancia es el comercial, tanto por la cantidad de establecimientos como por el volumen de transacciones. En la investigación de la que se deriva este artículo, se pretendió caracterizar las principales variables que propician la manipulación de datos financieros en las pymes de Medellín, a través de un instrumento de medición diseñado por los autores. En este sentido, se definieron las variables dependientes e independientes que fueron objeto de análisis: evasión, elusión y manipulación de datos. Se evidenció la tendencia a alterar la información financiera por parte de las empresas estudiadas, lo cual conlleva una reflexión sobre las causas de este fenómeno y las posibles formas de mitigarlo
La disciplina de las relaciones internacionales en Brasil: un análisis desde la sociología de la ciencia
Authors: Cujabante Villamil Ximena Andrea
Published: April 2019

Actualmente la sociología de la ciencia ha ido cobrando mayor importancia, y cada vez es más utilizada por la comunidad académica alrededor del mundo para dar cuenta del desarrollo y evolución de diferentes disciplinas. Aunque estos estudios se realizan constantemente en Estados Unidos y Europa, en Latinoamérica las relaciones internacionales han sido poco exploradas desde la sociología de la ciencia. Por esta razón, el presente artículo pretende dar un primer paso al respecto, a partir de un estudio de caso en Brasil: el análisis de las relaciones internacionales como disciplina en dicho país, de acuerdo con los aportes metodológicos de Randall Collins, con miras a evaluar y retroalimentar el estado de los estudios internacionales en ese contexto nacional.
Padjadjaran Interest Inventory: Evaluation of Psychometric Properties
Authors: Yudiana Whisnu , Reswara Ilham Phalosa , Wiyono Sudarmo , Purwono R Urip
Published: April 2019

This research aims to evaluate psychometric properties of a new instrument for measuring vocational interest: Padjadjaran Interest Inventory (PII). There were 2,648 participants in this study, consisting of workers, high school, and university students, with gender proportion of 1,014 (38.3%) males and 1,634 (61.7%) females. This research used descriptive statistic test, t test and MANOVA for gender differences, reliability coefficients and validity evidence by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results showed that PII has a good psychometric properties: it has good reliability and valid internal structure; it is standardized by gender; and it is applicable for large groups with relative ease. PII can be used for career exploration. Limitation of this study was discussed for future research.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PROPOLIS WITH ARTEMISININ COMBINATION THERAPY IN TREATING MICE INFECTED WITH PLASMODIUM BERGHEI
Authors: TRISNANINGRUM NURINDAH SALOKA , ASTUTY HENDRI
Published: April 2019

Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the effectiveness of combination treatment with propolis and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT)in avoiding further resistance to ACT.Methods: A total of 35 mice were injected with Plasmodium berghei and divided into six equal groups: No treatment (negative control), ACT alone(positive control), 75-mg propolis/kg body weight (BW), 150-mg propolis/kg BW, ACT with 75-mg propolis/kg BW, and ACT with 150-mg propolis/kg BW. After 7 days of therapy, parasite density was calculated using a thin blood smear.Results: Parasite density significantly declined after combination treatment with ACT and 150-mg propolis/kg BW.Conclusion: Therapy with propolis alone showed no inhibitory effect on parasites, although its 150-mg/kg-BW dose was effective as an ACT adjuvantmalaria therapy in mice.
ANALYSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT SUITABILITY AND THE DRUG SUPERVISOR’S ROLE IN A COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER IN PADEMANGAN SUBDISTRICT, NORTH JAKARTA
Authors: FEBRIONY CITRA , . PURWANTYASTUTI , RASMIN MEANALDI , SOETIKNO VIVIAN
Published: April 2019

Objective: Appropriate tuberculosis (TB) treatment guidelines are one of the many factors that influence the success of TB treatment. The patient’sdrug supervisor is a functional role that is part of the directly observed treatment short course, a program to support the success of TB treatment.The aim of this study was to analyze the TB treatment suitability in a community health center and the benefit of treatment compliance supervisionby the patient’s designated drug supervisor.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Community Health Center of Pademangan subdistrict, North Jakarta, involving 205 subjects toanalyze appropriate fixed-dose combination (FDC) anti-TB drug administration and an experimental study involving 23 control group TB patients and23 intervention group TB patients to assess the benefit of supervision by each patient’s drug supervisor.Results: The association of FDC anti-TB drug side effects with the success of TB treatment was not statistically significant (p=0.173). There wasan increase in drug supervisor knowledge of 8.6% in the intervention group and 13% in the control group. There was no statistically significantassociation between the knowledge of the drug supervisor and the 2nd month (p=0.575) and the 6th month of sputum treatment.Conclusion: Minor side effects of FDC anti-TB drug did not affect the success of TB treatment; therefore, treatment was continued if these adverseevents occurred. There were no correlations between the drug supervisor knowledge level with medication compliance or with sputum conversion(months 2 and 6).
EFFICACY OF JAVANESE TURMERIC ETHANOL EXTRACT IN ERADICATING STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUINIS AND PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS BIOFILM
Authors: YANUAR REZON , SUNIARTI DEWI FATMA , DJOHAN WIDURINI
Published: April 2019

Objective: Javanese turmeric is an Indonesian native medicinal plant with antibacterial activities. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of identifiedJavanese turmeric ethanol extract (IJTEE) in eradicating Streptococcus sanguinis and Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms.Methods: Biofilm assay: Single and combination biofilms formed at different phases were exposed to IJTEE in 0.5–25% concentrations for 1 h. Thepercentage of eradication was tested using the microtetrazolium assay.Results: The efficacy of IJTEE in eradicating the biofilm was equal to that of chlorhexidine against the early phase of biofilm formation. IJTEE is moreeffective against S. sanguinis biofilm formation than against P. gingivalis biofilm formation.Conclusion: IJTEE can eradicate S. sanguinis and P. gingivalis biofilms.
EFFECT OF HONEY PROPOLIS HARD CANDY ON LACTOPEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN UNSTIMULATED SALIVA
Authors: WIJAYA KARLA MONICA , SOEKANTO SRI ANGKY , SOEDARSONO NURTAMI
Published: April 2019

Objective: We determined the effectiveness of honey propolis hard candy on salivary lactoperoxidase activity in unstimulated saliva.Methods: In this pretest-posttest laboratory experimental design study, saliva collected from 120 subjects was reacted with potassium iodide,phosphate buffer, and hydrogen peroxide. Salivary lactoperoxidase activity was calculated by absorbance value using a microplate reader atwavelength of 340 nm.Results: Honey propolis hard candy increased salivary lactoperoxidase activity, although the increase was not statistically significant (p>0.05).Conclusions: Honey propolis hard candy tends to increase salivary lactoperoxidase activity.
CYTOGENETIC COMPARISON OF BIOCERAMIC, SILICONE, AND METHACRYLATE RESIN SEALERS ON T LYMPHOCYTES (MICRONUCLEI ANALYSIS)
Authors: SUGIANA DEWI ISROYATI , NAZAR KAMIZAR , MEIDYAWATI RATNA , TULIM SUNNY
Published: April 2019

Objective: Biocompatibility refers to the manner in which materials respond to living cells and includes cytotoxicity, cytogenicity, genotoxicity, andcarcinogenicity. To determine cytogenicity, we count the micronuclei that form after applying materials to living cells. Sealer is a chemical materialthat can be directly contacted in periapical tissue and is potentially cytogenetic. Bioceramic, silicon, and methacrylate resin sealers have ingredientsthat are potentially cytogenetic. We examined the interactions of these sealers with lymphocyte T-cells.Methods: We counted the number of micronuclei following treatment with bioceramic, silicone, and methacrylate resin sealers on lymphocyte T-cellsat 1, 3, and 7 days.Results: The micronuclei scores associated with bioceramic and silicone sealers were lower than methacrylate resin (p<0.05) between days 1, 3, and 7.The micronuclei scores of bioceramic and silicone sealers on day 1 were higher than on days 3 and 7. There were no significant between-groupdifferences for bioceramic and silicone sealers on days 3 and 7. The highest micronuclei score for methacrylate resin was on day 1.Conclusion: Bioceramic and silicone sealers were less cytogenetic than methacrylate resin sealer. However, all of the sealers produce micronuclei ondays 1, 3, and 7.
ANTIFUNGAL EFFICACY OF SECANG HEARTWOOD (CAESALPINIA SAPPAN L.) SOLUTIONS ON BIOFILMS OF CANDIDA ALBICANS ATCC 10231
Authors: BRINNA LISTIANI  , MEIDYAWATI RATNA , NPA DEWA AYU , ARNIAWATY DWI
Published: April 2019

Objective: Candida albicans is a predominant fungal species found in persistent root canal infection, and its virulence depends on the ability to formbiofilms. To be able to eliminate this infection, a safe irrigation solution during root canal preparation is needed. This study is conducted to investigatethe antifungal properties of secang heartwood extract solutions on C. albicans biofilm.Methods: C. albicans biofilm was obtained from incubation of C. albicans ATCC 10231 at 96-well plates in 37°C for 24 h. These biofilms were exposedto various treatments: Secang heartwood in three different concentrations (25%, 33%, and 50%), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 2.5%, and controlgroup. The results of the treatment are to see the optical density (OD) value. The higher the OD values, the lower antifungal activity of the solution.Results: The mean OD result from six samples obtained the mean value of various OD values showed in ELISA reader. Antifungal efficacy of 25%secang heartwood was lower than concentration of 33% and 50%. All concentrations of secang heartwood showed higher OD values than 2.5% NaOClbut lower than control group with p=0.01.Conclusion: Secang heartwood possesses antifungal effects against C. albicans biofilm but is lower than 2.5% NaOCl. Concentration of 25% has thestrongest effect against C. albicans among other concentrations. This was a preliminary study of the antifungal efficacy of secang heartwood extractsolutions against C. albicans biofilm. The result indicates that this solution has the potential to be used as an herbal alternative in root canal irrigations.
THE TOXICITY OF MAULI BANANA (MUSA ACUMINATA) STEM WATER EXTRACT ON BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL IN VITRO
Authors: NINDIA AMY , ASPRIYANTO DIDIT , APRIASARI MAHARANI LAILLYZA , RIZKY SELVIANA
Published: April 2019

Objective: Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can differentiate into bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament, they can be used to treat aggressiveperiodontitis. The limited number of MSCs requires replenishment of growth factor in the cell culture process. Since growth factor is quite expensive,an alternative material is needed. Mauli banana stem has antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. Methanol extract of Mauli banana stem isknown to be toxic toward MSCs; therefore, another solvent with a non-toxic effect is needed, such as a water solvent. We analyzed the toxicity of Maulibanana stem water extract on MSC in vitro.Methods: In this laboratory experimental (true experimental) study with a Post-test Only Control Group Design, MSC cultures were treated withMauli banana stem water extract at 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/mL dosages. One group without any treatment served as a control group and onewas a media control group. Each group was incubated for 24 h and then was given 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromidereagent and analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader.Results: One-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference.Conclusion: Mauli banana stem water extracts at 10, 20, 40, and 60 mg/mL were not toxic toward MSC in vitro, while dosages of 80 and 100 mg/mLdosage were toxic.
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF 6% GREEN TEA EXTRACT AND 2% CHLORHEXIDINE AGAINST ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS BIOFILM IN VITRO
Authors: REFLAN FITRI , MEIDYAWATI RATNA , INDRAWATI DARU
Published: April 2019

Objective: This study aimed to compare the antibacterial efficacy of green tea extract to chlorhexidine 2% against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm usingreal-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Methods: E. faecalis strain ATCC 29212 colonies were collected from overnight cultures grown on brain–heart infusion agar (BHIA) and resuspendedat 108 CFU/ml according to a 0.5 McFarland standard. Aliquots of bacterial suspension (50 μl) were then inoculated onto sterile nitrocellulose filterdiscs place on BHIA and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 72 h. After incubation, the discs were removed, transferred into 10-ml phosphate-bufferedsaline (PBS) to loosen planktonic bacteria, and then incubated for 10 min at 37°C in 10 ml of 6% green tea extract, 2% chlorhexidine, or sterile PBS(control). Surviving E. faecalis cells were then quantified by RT-PCR.Results: Green tea extract reduced bacterial survival compared to control but was not as effective as chlorhexidine 2%.Conclusion: Green tea extract may help reduce oral E. faecalis biofilm. Moreover, specific antimicrobial compounds in green tea extract such asepigallocatechin-3-gallate should be tested as non-toxic alternatives to chlorhexidine.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY OF TWO DISINFECTANTS FOR CONTROLLING GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA ON THERMOPLASTIC RETAINERS IN DENTAL PLAQUES
Authors: PARAMITA CITRA , PURWANEGARA MIESJE K , HOESIN FARUK
Published: April 2019

Objective: Thermoplastic retainers are believed to be able to change the ecosystem for the oral cavity microflora. To prevent oral tissue damage,it is vital that retainers are subjected to appropriate cleaning techniques. This study compared the effectiveness of two disinfectants in cleaningthermoplastic retainers against Gram-positive bacteria in the dental plaque layer.Methods: The two disinfectants used in this study were Polident and 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate. We performed laboratory studies on Gramnegativebacteria using a single-blind setup, with three groups of subjects, each with 13 participants.Results: The results showed that there was a significant reduction in the number of Gram-positive bacterial colonies in the dental plaque layer onretainers cleaned with Polident compared with the control, whereas cleaning the retainer with 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate showed no significantdifference in the number of Gram-positive bacteria compared with the control.Conclusion: We conclude that there is a significant difference in the number of Gram-positive bacteria on the teeth before and after insertion of athermoplastic retainer in Polident solution, whereas immersion in Minosep did not reduce bacterial numbers compared with that in the control.
EFFECT OF CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB. ETHANOL EXTRACT ON THE VIABILITY OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUINIS DUAL-SPECIES BIOFILMS
Authors: ERVINTARI FARIDA , PUSPITAWATI RIA , UTAMI SRI
Published: April 2019

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol Curcuma extract on the viability of S. mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis in a dualspeciesin vitro biofilm model.Methods: Dual-species biofilms of S. mutans and S. sanguinis were exposed to ethanol Curcuma extract at various concentrations. The sample ofsaliva was gathered from healthy volunteers. Chlorhexidine 0.2% was used as a positive control, and bacterial culture without intervention servedas a negative control. The total suspensions of 10−as were prepared for S. mutans and S. sanguinis cells. The bacteria were incubated for 20 h (activematuration phase) and 24 h (maturation phase).Results: The result showed decreased S. mutans and S. sanguinis viability after exposure to 0.2%–25% Curcuma ethanol extracts during the activeaccumulation and maturation phases. The decrease in bacterial viability was significantly different in all concentrations of Curcuma ethanol extractscompared with negative controls (p<0.05) in the active accumulation and maturation phases.Conclusion: Temulawak ethanol extract (starting at 0.2%) can decrease the viability of S. mutans and S. sanguinis in a dual species in vitro biofilmmodel during the accumulation and maturation phases.
PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILE AND INCURRED ESOMEPRAZOLE SAMPLE STABILITY IN PLASMA USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY - PHOTODIODE ARRAY
Authors: HARAHAP YAHDIANA , FARIS AHMAD , . SUNARSIH
Published: April 2019

Objective: Esomeprazole (ESO) is one of the proton-pump inhibitors and is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux. It is sensitive to low pH, heat,moisture, and oxidation, which often means that ESO in clinical samples is degraded at the time of storage, affecting analysis results. This study aimedto analyze the in vivo stability of ESO in subjects’ plasma samples by testing the incurred sample stability (ISS) of ESO in plasma following 7, 14, and28 days of storage at two concentrations close to Cmax and one concentration in the elimination phase.Methods: Samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a C18 column with detection at 300 nm using a photodiodearray detector. Lansoprazole was used as an internal standard.Results: The ESO pharmacokinetics profile in the plasma samples yielded the values of Cmax 704.57–1425.85 ng/mL; tmax is 2.25 h; and AUC0-t is2444 ng.h/mL. ISS testing of plasma samples values were 6.50%, 5.73%, and 4.57% on first Cmax concentration; 3.55%, 4.84%, and 3.68% on 2nd Cmaxconcentration; and 4.04%, 4.80%, and 4.98% on elimination phase concentration.Conclusion: ISS testing results of plasma samples from six healthy subjects who were administered doses of 40 mg of ESO stored for 28 days showedthat it fulfilled the acceptance criteria (<20%) of the 2011 EMEA Bioanalytical Guidelines with a %diff value in all incurred samples of 6.5%.
EFFECT OF VEILLONELLA INFANTIUM ON BIOFILM FORMATION OF ORAL STREPTOCOCCUS
Authors: RAMADHANI RATNA , DJAIS ARIADNA ADISATTYA , BACHTIAR BOY MUCHLIS
Published: April 2019

Objective: Therefore, we aimed in this study to evaluate the effect of Veillonella infantium on the biofilm formation of oral Streptococcus species.Methods: Dual-species biofilm was formed between V. infantium and oral Streptococcus using the wire method, and it was then incubated at 37°C underanaerobic condition for 5 days. Biofilm formation was determined by measuring the DNA concentration. Single species biofilm of oral Streptococcuswas generated under the same conditions and was used as a control group.Result: The presence of V. infantium decreased the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans, where, in contrast, the formation of biofilm inStreptococcus sanguinis was increased by the presence of V. infantium (p<0.05).Conclusion: The presence of V. infantium decreased the biofilm formation of S. mutans.
THE EFFECTS OF PROPOLIS HONEY CANDY CONSUMPTION ON MYELOPEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN STIMULATED SALIVA
Authors: SAFINAZ DARIN , SOEKANTO SRI ANGKY , SARWONO AGOENG TJAHJANI
Published: April 2019

Objective: Propolis is a natural product that contains flavonoids and has antibacterial effects that could decrease myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity inthe saliva. Propolis honey candy is currently being developed and to analyze the effects of propolis honey candy on MPO activity in stimulated saliva.Methods: Stimulated saliva samples were collected from individuals who met the inclusion criteria before and after consumption of propolis honeycandy twice a day for 7 days. Salivary samples were centrifuged to separate the supernatant and pellet. A 100-μl aliquot of the supernatant wasdirectly added to the wells of a 96-well plate and mixed with 100 μl of substrate solution containing 3,3’-diaminobenzidine, guaiacol, dapsone, andTris-HCl buffer. After incubation for 30 min at room temperature, MPO activity was measured by subtracting the absorbance value (wavelength of450 nm) of the saliva samples from that of the blank control (distilled water).Results: The absorbance value of MPO activity of propolis honey candy was 0.071 before consumption and 0.076 after consumption.Conclusion: MPO activity significantly increased after the consumption of propolis honey candy (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p<0.05).
EFFECT OF MANGOSTEEN PEEL EXTRACT ON BONE FRACTURE HEALING
Authors: IOYAH BRENT R , DJOHAN WIDURINI , IDRUS ERIK
Published: April 2019

Objective: Healing of bone fractures is mediated through antioxidants; however, increased free radical levels at the site of fracture inhibit bone healing.Mangosteen peel has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antihistaminic, antimalarial, and other beneficialproperties as it contains many active substances such as xanthones, anthocyanins, phenols, and tannins. In this study, we aimed to determine theeffects of mangosteen peel extract on bone fracture healing.Methods: We used six mice with left and right femoral fractures (12 femurs). Mangosteen peel extract was applied to the left femurs of the six mice attwo dosages (20 and 40 mg/kg; three femurs each) on days 2, 4, and 6 after fracture; saline was injected into the right femurs of all six mice. On day 7,all the animals were sacrificed, and femur defect diameter was evaluated using dental digital radiography.Results: The femoral defect diameter in mice treated with 40 mg/kg dose of mangosteen peel extract was less than that in mice treated with saline,although the difference was not significant.Conclusion: Application of a 40 mg/kg dose of mangosteen peel extract promotes bone fracture healing.
EFFECT OF CENTELLA ASIATICA L. ON THE NUMBER OF OSTEOCLASTS, OSTEOBLASTS, AND OSTEOCYTES IN THE TIBIAE OF OVARIECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: KARIS VANISSA , SOEKANTO SRI ANGKY , IDRUS ERIK
Published: April 2019

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Centella asiatica L. as a phytoestrogen.Methods: Therapy using C. asiatica extract at doses of 60 mg/kg body weight, 120 mg/kg BW, and 180 mg/kg BW was administered to ovariectomizedrats for 30 days.Results: Histological examination using hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated an increased number of osteocytes and a decreased number ofosteoclasts, but there was no significant increase in osteoblast numbers.Conclusion: The administration of the low doses of C. asiatica extract affects the number of osteocytes and osteoclasts but not osteoblasts inovariectomized rats.
INFLUENCE OF POLISHING SYSTEM ON COLOR CHANGES FOR A NANOIONOMER RESTORATIVE MATERIAL AFTER IMMERSION IN A COFFEE-BASED SOLUTION
Authors: HERDA ELLYZA , AKA PUTRA , TRIAMININGSIH SITI
Published: April 2019

Objective: In this study, we aim to assess a polishing system’s influence on the color change of a nanoionomer after immersion in a coffee-basedsolution.Methods: The specimens were divided into four groups, of which three of them were polished using Sof-Lex XT, PoGo, or OptraPol. However, thesamples in the fourth group were unpolished. The color was then determined using a spectrophotometer and color changes were evaluated using aCIELAB system. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and paired samples t-test systems.Results: While the lightness (L*) value significantly decreased (p<0.05) after the polishing procedure, the red-green coordinate (a*) and yellow-bluecoordinate (b*) values did not show any significant change for any of the groups. The samples that were polished using OptraPol demonstrated thesmallest color change after polishing; moreover, for this group, the color changes were significantly different from those that were observed for PoGoand Sof-Lex XT groups. After immersing into a coffee-based solution, there were significant changes observed for the L*, a*, and b* values (p<0.05) forall the groups that were studied. Importantly, the color changes that were observed for the OptraPol group were not statistically significant comparedto those that were observed for PoGo and the unpolished groups.Conclusion: The immersion of unpolished and polished nanoionomers in a coffee-based solution will result into color changes and the smallestvariations, in this case, occurred for the nanoionomer that was polished using OptraPol.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ALKALOID EXTRACT OF CUCUMIS TRIGONUS ROXB
Authors: H PRATIMA
Published: April 2019

Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial efficiency of alkaloids of root, leaf, and fruit of Cucumis trigonus.

Methods: The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of alkaloid extracts were assessed by ferric thiocynate (FTC), 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay, superoxide radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing power were analyzed separately for its inhibition percentage at different concentration (20µg, 30µg, 40µg and 50µg/ml) and antibacterial activity by agar disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC Code-9886), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC Code-6458).

Results: The highest percentage of extraction yield was observed in fruit followed by leaf and root. The maximum content of alkaloid was found in fruit and root compared to leaf. The scavenging efficiencies of the extracts increased with the increasing concentrations. Appreciable levels of total antioxidant activity by FTC (2.112±0.011%), DPPH radical scavenging activity (1.912±0.001%), superoxide radical scavenging activity (0.955±0.021%) and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity (0.914±0.087 %) were observed at 50µg/ml of fruit extract. However, ferric reducing power was more in the root (0.893±0.0870%) compared to fruit (0.791±0.023%) and leaf (0.520±0.00 %) at 50µg/ml. The alkaloid extracts of root and fruit exhibited more antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (16.51±0.05 and 19.68±0.03 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.2±0.03 and14.2±0.06) at 100µg/ml than leaf. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the root, leaf, and fruit was in the range of 3.125µg/ml to 35µg/ml for the pathogenic bacteria.

Conclusion: Data from the present results revealed that the alkaloid extracts of fruit and root of C. trigonus show good antioxidant and antibacterial potential than leaf. Hence, may be explored for the formation of new antibacterial with antioxidant drugs.
A STUDY ON EVALUATION OF POTASSIUM ABNORMALITIES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: MAYEE K. RAWHEENA , Maheshwaram Vidhya , Kamjula Sahithya , Srujana K. , Vasa Naveen Kumar , Yerramilli Aparna , Sharma Sanjeev
Published: April 2019

Objective: To study the occurrence, causes, predisposing factors and management of potassium abnormalities in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: Inour studywhich was for aduration of six months, we recorded patient demographics, electrolyte levels, complete blood picture, liver function tests, renal parameters, comorbid conditions,medication reconciliation and electro cardio gram (ECG) changes. The data was analyzed to find out the cause for potassium abnormality and was categorize based on their severity.

Results:A total of 200 cases of potassium abnormalities was normalized during the study period. We observed158(80%)cases with hypokalemia, 37 (17%) cases with hyperkalemia and 5 (3%) caseswith subsequentPotassium abnormalities. We observed the majority of hypokalemiaarewith disease induced 87(55.06%) cases and 118 (74.0%)cases were with mild hypokalemia. Syruppotassium chloride was usedto normalize the serum potassium levels. Majority of the hyperkalemia cases were disease induced and was found in 19(51.35%)cases and 22 (59.45%) casescome under mild categorywhich was managed with injection calciumgluconate.

Conclusion: Hypokalemia was the most common potassium abnormality seen in hospitalized patients.Disease inducedpotassium abnormalitieswas found to be more common in both hypo and hyperkalemia. The potassium levels were normalized with no major negative outcomes. Continuous monitoring of electrolyte levels is required for the patient to prevent further complications.
GCMS ANALYSIS OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI CURVULARIA AERIA MTCC-12847 ISOLATED FROM TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS L.
Authors: Sahani Kamana , THAKUR DEEPENDRA
Published: April 2019

Objective: The objective of the present investigation was to perform the Gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis of endophytic fungi Curvularia aeria MTCC-12847 isolated from Tribulus terrestris L. to find out the active compound present in the extract.

Methods: The endophytic fungi were isolated from the plant Tribulus Terrestris L., leaf which was cultivated in optimized media for the production of secondary metabolites and was extracted using ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate extract was used for the Gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis.

Results: GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungi revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites, the highest amount present was Palmitic acid (24.54%) and Lowest was Dimethyl 1-phenyl-7-methyl-1-hydroxy-1,4-dihydronaphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylate (5.76%).

Conclusion: The endophytic fungal Curvularia aeria MTCC-12847 extract isolated from the Tribulus terrestris L. shows the presence of various bioactive compounds.
DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF A NEW TOPICAL O/W EMULGEL FROM FRUIT EXTRACT OF PYRUS COMMUNIS
Authors: KHILJEE TANZILA , AKHTAR NAVEED
Published: April 2019

Objective: The aim of the present study was to develop a new topical dosage form containing Pyrus communis fruit extract. Developed formulation was O/W Emulgel which was evaluated by its in vitro tests and its stability studies at different storage conditions.

Methods: Hydroalcoholic Pyrus communis extract was prepared by the maceration process. A 4% Pyrus communis emulgel was prepared by the combination of emulsion and gel at a specific temperature and mixing through homogenizers. The formulations having different concentration of carbopol 940 (gelling agent) were placed at 8 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C and 40 °C+75%RH for 3 mo in order to find out the most stable formulation. After the selection of final emulgel formulation was eventually further evaluated for in vitro studies such as phase separation, centrifugation, rheology, pH, conductivity, organoleptic properties and mean droplet size over a period of 12 w at 8 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C and 40 °C+75%RH.

Results: In vitro evaluation of the selected Pyrus communis emulgel formulation showed good resistance to phase separation on centrifugation, conductivity gradually increases due to oil in water emulgel and pH of formulation was gradually decreased. The rheological behavior was non-Newtonian pseudoplastic and showed shear thinning fluid behavior. Mean droplet size of Pyrus communis emulgel was 16.0±0.20 µm and after 90 d droplet size was 16.7±0.55 µm at high storage temperatures at 40 °C and 40 °C+75RH and no significant changes were observed at normal storage conditions at 8 °C and 25 °C.

Conclusion: Pyrus communis emulgel fresh fruit extract showed stable formulation at different storage conditions. This new formulation will be a good addition to pharmaceutical dosage forms made from traditionally used plants.
THE MODULATING EFFECT OF BARLEY β-GLUCAN EXTRACT ON HIGH FAT DIET INDUCED OBESITY-A BIOCHEMICAL STUDY IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS
Authors: Mohammad Mumtaz Khan , Padmanabhan Monika
Published: April 2019

Objective: Diet-inducedhyperlipidemia and obesity are the major risk factors for type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular disorders (CVD). The objective of the present study is to furnish scientific proof for the lipid-lowering effect of β-glucan, a lead compound present in barley with a defined mechanism of action.

Methods: Obesity was induced in male albino Wistar rats by feeding ahigh-fat diet (HFD) for 14 w and were randomly divided into four groups of equal number (n=6). Group 1 and 2 served as control fed with normal diet (5% fat). Group 3 and 4 were fed HFD (23%fat) for 14 w. In addition, group 2 and 4 rats were administered orally with 200 mg/kg body weight of barley β glucan (BRBG) from the third week. After 14 w, the rats were sacrificed, and serum/plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), phospholipids, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and adiponectin were determined.

Results: Biochemical changes were observed in weight gain, body mass index (BMI),adiposity index (ADI), total fat pad mass (TFP), blood lipids, LDL, lipid peroxides (LPO) and antioxidant enzyme activity of HFD fed rats when compared with BRBG co-administered rats. In addition, serum adiponectin levels and 3-hydroxy-3methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme Areductase(HMG CoA reductase)activity were elevated in rats administered BRBG along with HFD. Histological examination in HFD induced rats revealed a profound change in cell size with increased hypertrophy in visceral adipose tissue.

Conclusions: The results indicate that barley consumption could reverse most of these biochemical and histological changes in HFD fed rats owing to its hypolipidemic and antioxidant effect.
Imágenes y enseñanza de la Química. Aportes de la Teoría cognitiva del aprendizaje multimedia
Authors: Raviolo Andrés
Published: April 2019

En este artículo se discute el rol de las imágenes en el aprendizaje y en la enseñanza de la Química. Luego de exponer los principales fundamentos de la Teoría cognitiva del aprendizaje multimedia, y de los 12 principios que se desprenden de ella, se desarrollan sus implicaciones para la enseñanza de la química. Como multimedia se hace referencia a presentaciones o comunicaciones que incluyen palabras e imágenes orientadas a fomentar aprendizajes.

Se presenta una clasificación de las imágenes de acuerdo a sus funciones comunicacionales y una secuencia para la “lectura” de una imagen que incluye tres niveles de interpretación de la información contenida en ella.

También se aborda la problemática del uso de diagramas y dibujos esquemáticos para el caso de la química.

Finalmente, se insta a reformular la relación que los profesores tienen con respecto al uso de las imágenes y a integrar sistemáticamente palabra e imagen en la enseñanza.
Avaliação e otimização das condições de obtenção do ácido acetilsalicílico para fins didáticos
Authors: Schneider da Luz Leslie Tauany , Adams Angnes Gomes Sandra Inês , Casturina Mendes Sandri Marilei , De Mello Flávia , Bolzan Juliana Aparecida
Published: April 2019

A síntese do ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) é muito empregada em aulas experimentais de Química para explorar o ensino de reações nucleofílicas e o processo de purificação por recristalização. Considerando a diversidade de protocolos disponíveis na literatura, com divergências nas condições experimentais, este trabalho teve como objetivo otimizar as condições de tempo e temperatura da síntese do AAS e, concomitante, melhorar a verdura química do processo visando maior eficiência mássica e energética, de acordo com os princípios 1, 2 e 6 da Química Verde (QV). Para isso, propôs-se a síntese de AAS a temperaturas de 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 e 90 °C durante 10, 20, 30 e 40 minutos de reação. Os resultados apontam que o AAS obtido em 20 minutos a 80°C apresentou os melhores resultados: um bom rendimento, 77,70 ± 0,01 %, com ponto de fusão 133 °C-134 °C, com Eficiência de Massa 24 % e Fator E 3,10; as melhores métricas de energia, Throughput 0,101 g min-1, Intensidade de Tempo  9,869 min g-1, Intensidade de Energia 0,073 Kw h g-1 e o  menor consumo de energia, 0,1485 KWh, um ganho de eficiência energética de aproximadamente 200 %, contribuindo principalmente com melhorias no P6 da QV.
Structure and properties of fine concretes based on composite binders
Authors: Kharchenko Aleksey I. , Alekseev Vyacheslav A. , Kharchenko Igor’ Ya. , Bazhenov Dmitriy A.
Published: April 2019

Introduction. Wide introduction of fine concretes in the practice of monolithic building construction is limited by their low crack resistance due to considerable shrinkage. To reduce the shrinkage adverse effect on structure and properties of the fine concretes, it is suggested to use for their preparation composite binders, including expanding sulphoaluminate-based cements. Using the fine concrete with enhanced physical and technical properties improves produceability of construction, reduces labor input of concrete casting and allows building installations of complicated architectural forms. Material and methods. To study processes of fine concrete structure formation and properties, concrete mixes were prepared on the base of medium silica sand, dispersed ash entrainment and expanding additive. Activity of the ash entrainment increased at the expense of mechanical and chemical activation. Dispersity of the particles was monitored by means of laser granulometry. The composite binder was prepared by means of thorough homogenization of the basic CEM 42.5 Portland cement and different sorts of mineral aggregates, including an expanding additive based on calcium sulphoaluminate. Maturing conditions at a certain moisture content were simulated for every composition with subsequent evaluation of concrete performance. Results. Results of the study include effect of different mineral additives distinguishing in mineral composition, dispersivity and degree of hydraulic activity on shrinkage amount and kinetics, fine concrete porous structure parameters and strength. It is understood that amount of expansion has an effect on porous structure characteristics of the fine concrete and its strength performance. The study assessed an influence of maturing conditions on the various-composition fine concrete. A considerable influence of maintaining optimal moisture content during hydration on fine concrete technical properties is committed. Conclusions. It is understood that introduction of up to 10 % of expanding sulphoaluminate-based component in basic Portland cement allows to obtain fine concrete with enhanced crack resistance, impenetrability and longevity.
Dynamics of laminar flows with coaxial oppositely-rotating layers
Authors: Zuikov Andrey L.
Published: April 2019

Introduction. The work relates to the scientific foundations of hydraulic and energy construction and is devoted to the study of laminar flows with coaxial oppositely-rotating layers. In the literature, such flows are called counter-vortex. In the turbulent range, counter-vortex flows are characterized by intensive mixing of the medium, which is widely used in the technologies of mixing non-natural and multi-phase media in thermal and atomic energy, in systems of mass- and heat transfer, in chemistry and microbiology, ecology, engine and rocket production. The aim of the theoretical study is to study the physical laws of the hydrodynamics of counter-vortex flows. Research methods. The theoretical Navier-Stokes equations and continuity equation are the basis of the theoretical model of the laminar counter-vortex flow. Results. Assuming the radial velocities are much less than the azimuthal and axial velocities and taking the Oseen approximation, the solution of the Navier - Stokes equations is obtained as Fourier - Bessel series or products of Fourier - Bessel series. In particular, the following were obtained: formulas for calculating the radial-longitudinal distributions of the normalized azimuthal, axial and radial velocities in the flow under study, the velocities are presented graphically in the form of radial profiles; equations for the calculation of current lines and viscous vortex fields, which are also presented in the form of graphs, were obtained. The two-layer and four-layer counter-vortex flows are considered. The analysis of the obtained theoretical results is performed. Conclusions. On the axis at the beginning of the active zone, the formation of a return flow with significant negative velocities is characteristic. This leads to the formation of a recirculation region, the mass exchange between which and the external flow is absent. Cascades of concentric vortexes of such high intensity that are not found in streams of a different nature are generated in the active zone. Calculation formulas include exp (-λ2x/Re) exponent multiplied by Reynolds number in degree b = 0 or b = -1, therefore increasing Reynolds number when b = 0 leads to proportional transfer of arbitrary characteristic counter-vortex flow down the pipe; and at b = -1, the bias of characteristic is accompanied by a proportional decrease in its scale.
Reinforcement impact on the stress-deformation state of concrete faced rockfill dam
Authors: Sainov Mikhail P. , Shigarov Andrei Y. , Iasafova Sofia A.
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT Introduction. The article considers results of research of reinforced-concrete face stress-deformation state depending on availability of the reinforcement. At some ultra-high reinforced-concrete faced rockfill dams (CFRD) the transversal (horizontal) cracks were developed in the seepage-control element. It is supposed that the cause of the crack formation is high values of tensile stresses. In this connection, opinions are expressed about the necessity of strengthening the face reinforcement. However, in accordance with the experience gained, in real dams the reinforcement, as a rule, is arranged in one row with reinforcement percentage 0.35 to 0.5 %. The urgent issue of CFRD studies is assessment of impact of the concrete face strengthened reinforcement on enhancement of its reliability. Materials and methods. The studies were conducted for different variants of rock fill deformation properties on the example of 100 m high rockfill dam. The reinforced concrete face was adopted to be wide (1 m thick). The reinforcement was adopted to be two-row one, with reinforcement percentage of 1.5 %. The study was conducted using the finite element method. The reinforcement was simulated using bar finite elements. Results. To reveal the role of reinforcement, analyses of the stress-deformation state were conducted for two cases. In one case it was assumed that reinforcement is absent and in the other case consideration was made for the face with steel reinforcement. Stresses in concrete and steel reinforcement were analysed. Stresses acting along the upstream slope were considered. Conclusions. It was revealed that due to the reinforcement of steel-bar reinforced concrete face it was impossible to provide decrease of tensile stresses in the face concrete down to the permissible level. Reinforcement may play a significant role in the face stress-deformation state only at the moment of forming transversal cracks in the face concrete, but such a case is inadmissible.
Simulating pseudotruss excavating part of excavators
Authors: Zotov Oleg A. , Gustov Dmitriy Yu.
Published: April 2019

Introduction. Single-dipper hydraulic excavators are becoming widely used multifunctional machines. Upgrading the machine as a whole and its assemblies is an actual problem to be solved with the aim of reducing material consumption and increasing stability and throughput. The article presents results of computer simulation of the excavating part designed to reduce the weight of the equipment. These data can be used to improve the equipment of excavators when operating with non-standard excavating equipment of increased weight. Materials and methods. The excavating equipment of the Hitachi ZX270 excavator is taken as a prototype. Computer simulating and calculation of the excavating part is conducted using the T-FLEX software. The calculation is carried out for different modes of the excavator operation and for different orientations of the jig boom, dipper stick and dipper relative to each other: excavating with the entire width of the dipper, single-tooth excavating, swiveling the loaded excavator for unloading. The highest stresses arise in structural members in the considered calculation cases. The calculations are performed without accounting the oscillations occurring at transient operating modes and during locking. Results. The study determines a stress-deformed condition of the pseudotruss excavating part structures of the excavator with various lightened makes selected on the basis of computer simulation. Zones of the highest stresses and largest deformations are revealed as well as suggestions on their decrease are made. The research results are used to optimize the jig boom and dipper stick structures by the criterion of generated stress minimization. Conclusions. The obtained data and formulated recommendations are the basis for further detailed simulation of pseudotruss excavating part structures of excavators and other machines of various layouts and purposes.