bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APLIKASI REGRESI KOMPONEN UTAMA UNTUK ANALISIS HUBUNGAN KUANTITATIF STRUKTUR-AKTIVITAS ANTIKANKER SENYAWA TURUNAN NAFTOQUINON
Authors: Saputra Andrian , Andi Syahputra Ricky , Tahir Iqmal
Published: February 2017

KajianHubungan Kuantitatif Struktur-Aktivitas (HKSA) senyawa antikanker turunan naftoquinon telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi komponen utama.Sebagai deskriptor digunakan muatan atom bersih dan beberapa deskriptor teoritik sebagai hasil perhitungan mekanika kuantum semiempirik PM3. Semua proses pemodelan molekul meliputi pembentukan struktur molekul, optimasi geometri dan perhitungan deskriptor molekul dilakukan menggunakan paket perangkat lunak Hyperchem 7.5. Data aktivitas biologis yang digunakan adalah data aktivitas antikanker senyawa melawan human cervical carcinoma dalam bentuk log IC50.Setiap deskriptor molekul ditransformasi menjadi beberapa komponen utama sebagai variabel bebas pada analisis regresi terhadap log IC50guna mendapatkan model persamaan HKSA. Dengan pendekatan regresi komponen utama diperoleh model persamaan HKSA sebagai berikut :log IC50 = 0.719 + 0.324 x1 + 0.018 x2 – 0.183 x3dengan n = 13, r = 0,893, r2 = 0,797, adjusted r2 = 0,757, SE = 0,228, Fhitung/Ftabel = 3,482, dan PRESS = 0,455
OPTIMASI PENURUNAN COD, BOD, DAN TSS LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI ETANOL(vinasse) PSA PALIMANAN DENGAN METODE MULTI SOIL LAYERING (MSL)
Authors: Irmanto Irmanto , Suyata Suyata , Zusfahair Zusfahair
Published: February 2017

Industri etanol merupakan salah satu industri yang menimbulkan pencemaran terhadap lingkungan khususnya sistem perairan. Banyaknya limbah cair etanol yang dibuang serta senyawa-senyawa organik dapat menyebabkan rusaknya ekosistem di perairan. Untuk mengatasi pencemaran limbah cair etanol, digunakan metode Multi Soil Layering (MSL) sebagai salah satu metode alternatif.  MSL adalah suatu metode pengolahan limbah cair yang meningkatkan fungsi tanah untuk pemurnian limbah cair.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode MSL untuk mengolah limbah cair industri etanol sebelum dibuang ke perairan. Metode MSL merupakan suatu sistem pengolahan limbah yang menggunakan beberapa material seperti tanah, zeolit, dan arang tempurung kelapa yang dibentuk dalam suatu susunan pola bata bertingkat. Faktor yang diteliti adalah kecepatan pengisian yang terdiri dari 5 tahap yaitu: 160, 320, 480, 640, dan 800L.m-2hari-1, kemudian ditentukan efesiensi sistem MSL dalam menurunkan kadar COD, BOD, dan TSS limbah cair industri etanol (vinasse) PSA Palimanan menggunakan kecepatan pengisian optimum. Penentuan kadar COD ditentukan dengan metode refluks, penentuan kadar BOD menggunakan metode Winkler dan penentuan kadar TSS ditentukan dengan menggunakan gravimetri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan limbah cair industri etanol (vinasse) PSA Palimanan dengan metode MSL dapat menurunkan kadar COD, BOD, dan TSS pada kecepatan pengisian optimum 320 L.m-2hari-1. Efisiensi sistem MSL dalam menurunkan kadar COD, BOD, dan TSS masing-masing sebesar 80,85%; 94,68%; dan 83,99%.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN PALA DARI BANYUMAS TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli SERTA IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA PENYUSUNNYA
Authors: Rastuti Undri , Widyaningsih Senny , Kartika Dwi , Riana Ningsih Dian
Published: February 2017

Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli adalah bakteri yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi. Umumnya masyarakat dalam mengobati penyakit infeksi terhadap bakteri sering menggunakan antibiotik, namun apabila digunakan secara berlebihan dan kurang terarah dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya resistensi. Untuk mengatasinya diperlukan pencarian bahan alami sebagai alternatif pengobatan, salah satunya yaitu minyak atsiri daun pala. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri minyak atsiri daun pala dari Banyumas terhadap S. aereus dan E. coli serta mengidentifikasi senyawa penyusunnya. Minyak atsiri dari serbuk daun pala kering diisolasi menggunakan metode destilasi air. Minyak atsiri yang diperoleh diuji sifat fisik dan dilakukan identifikasi senyawa penyusunnya menggunakan GC-MS. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi untuk mengetahui Konsentrasi Hambat Tumbuh Minimum (KHTM) terhadap S. aereus  dan E. coli. Rendemen minyak atsiri daun pala yang diperoleh sebesar 1,34%. Minyak atsiri ini berwarna kuning pucat, berbau khas minyak pala dengan indeks bias sebesar 1,4779 dan bobot jenis sebesar 0,8862 g/cm3. Minyak atsiri daun pala diketahui memiliki 33 komponen kimia dan 5 komponen kimia terbesarnya adalah sabinene, terpinene-4-ol, α-pinene, β-pinene, and β-phellandrene. Minyak atsiri daun pala terbukti memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. aureus dengan KHTM pada konsentrasi minyak atsiri 3,125%  menghasilkan zona hambat sebesar 16,81 mm dan terhadap E. coli dengan KHTM pada konsentrasi minyak atsiri 1% menghasilkan zona hambat sebesar 0,54 mm.
PENGGUNAAN KATALIS PALADIUM DALAM REAKSI ARILASI n-OKTILSILAN DENGAN 2-IODIDA-5-METIL TIOFEN
Authors: Lesbani Aldes , Rachmat Addy , Mohadi Risfidian , Eliza Eliza
Published: February 2017

Telah dilakukan proses arilasi n-oktilsilan dengan 2-iodida-5-metil tiofen mengunakan katalis palladium dengan teknik reaksi kopling untuk mendapatkan variasi senyawa hasil arilasi. Produk hasil arilasi yang terbentuk dimurnikan dengan metode kromatografi kolom silika dengan eluen etil asetat dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektroskopi massa, spektroskopi 1H NMR, 13C NMR, dan DEPT-135. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa yang terbentuk dari hasil arilasi yakni tris(5-metil-2-tiofen)oktilsilan yang berupa cairan tak berwarna dengan nilaim/z sebesar 432. Hasil pengukuran menggunakan spektroskopi 1H NMR menghasilkan tujuh proton ekivalen. Pengukuran menggunakan spektroskopi 13C NMR menghasilkan tiga belas karbon ekivalen yang kemudian dikonfirmasi dengan DEPT-135. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan spektroskopi massa dan spektroskopi NMR (H dan C) menunjukkan senyawa hasil sintesis adalah tris(5-metil-2-tiofen)oktilsilan.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY CAMBODIA LEAF EXTRACT (Plumeria alba L.) to Staphylococcus aureus AND IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUND GROUP OF CAMBODIA LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: Riana Ningsih Dian , Zusfahair Zusfahair , Purwati Purwati
Published: February 2017

A wide variety of flora can be found and can be used, as a medicinal plant. Medicinal plants are a majorsource of new chemical compounds discovery with therapeutic effects. One of the plants that can be used as a medicinal plant is a cambodia plant (Plumeria alba L cv. Acutifolia). Cambodia plants including theApocynaceae family. Cambodia is a traditional crop plants that are reported to have various properties,including its leaves as a laxative, itching and antibacterial, fruit and bark reported anti-inflammatory effect.The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of cambodia leaves as antibacterial, determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Growth (KHTM) of cambodia leaf extract which has the highest inhibitoryactivity and determine what class of chemical compounds contained in extracts of cambodia leaves which hasthe highest antibacterial activity . Research results showed that the leaf extract of cambodia leaves with 1000 ppm can inhibit the growth of S. aureus bacteria. Concentration of 30 ppm is the lowest concentration thatcould inhibit the growth of S. aureus with inhibition zone of 1.3 mm. Analysis of FT-IR spectrophotometer,the ethanol leaves extract of the cambodia have functional group of C-H sp3 (methyl) (methyl), C-C, C = Calkenes aliphatic, OH and CO.
FOTOREDUKSI CO2 HASIL DEGRADASI LIMBAH CAIR ORGANIK MENGGUNAKAN FOTOKATALIS TiO2-Zn
Authors: Riyani Kapti , Setyaningtyas Tien , Windy Dwiasi Dian
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat metanol dari limbah cair tahu menggunakan proses fotoreduksi. Penelitian diawali dengan pembuatan fotokatalis TiO2-Zn menggunakan  teknik  fotodeposisi. Karakterisasi fotokatalis dilakukan menggunakan UV-Vis DRS dan FTIR. Optimasi kondisi fotokatalisis yang digunakan yaitu perbandingan mol  TiO2 : Zn (100:0  ;  99:1  ; 98:2  ;  97:3 dan 96:4) yang dipreparasi menggunakan metode fotodeposisi  dan pH limbah cair untuk proses fotokatalisis (2, 5, 7, 9 dan 13). Limbah cair organik akan didegradasi oleh fotokatalis TiO2-Zn dimana akan menghasilkan CO2. CO2 yang dihasilkan selanjutnya akan mengalami fotoreduksi menjadi metanol.Metanol yang dihasilkan dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi gas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  metanol dapat dibuat dari limbah cair organik menggunakan fotokatalis TiO2-Zn. Hasil fotoreduksi CO2 dari hasil fotodegradasi limbah cair organik adalah metanol dengan kondisi optimum katalis TiO2 : Zn 98:2 dan pH limbah cair 2.
KARAKTER BENTONIT TERPILAR LOGAM ALUMINIUM PADA VARIASI SUHU KALSINASI
Authors: Koestiari Toeti
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakter bentonit terpilar logam aluminium pada berbagai suhu kalsinasi. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk melihat karakter fisiko-kimia adalah Spektrofotometer IR,  X-ray Diffraction dan Gas Sorption Analyzer. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan adanya persamaan dan perbedaan karakter dari B-Al yang dikalsinasi pada suhu 300, 400, dan 500 oC.  Persamaan  karakter ketiga B-Al terletak di  daerah gugus fungsional pada  bilangan gelombang 1636 cm-1 dan 3500-4000 cm-1, serta sesuai dengan hasil XRD untuk lapis SiO2 dan Al2O3 yang tidak mengalami perubahan pada harga d, maupun bentuk pori yang dihasilkan menggunakan GSA. Perbedaan suhu kalsinasi menyebabkan perbedaan  bilangan gelombang di daerah sidik jari yaitu adanya pita tajam yang disebabkan oleh  banyaknya ion Al3+ di antar lapis terutama pada suhu kalsinasi 500 oC. Jumlah ion Al3+   karena masuknya pemilar menyebabkan perbedaan luas permukaan ditunjukkan juga oleh GSA dengan harga radius pori  dan luas permukaan tertinggi terletak pada B-Al/400oC. Dengan demikian  bentonit terpilar Al pada suhu kalsinasi 400 oC merupakan hasil yang terbaik ditinjau dari karakter fisiko-kimia.
BIOSORPSI TIMBAL OLEH BIOMASSA DAUN KETAPANG
Authors: Mulyawan Reza , Saefumillah Asep , Foliatini Foliatini
Published: February 2017

Limbah yang mengandung logam berat timbal (Pb)  sangat berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Proses pengolahan telah diperkenalkan untuk mengolah limbah, dari proses pengendapan, hingga menggunakan resin penukar ion. Daun ketapang telah di gunakan sebagai media pengolahan air yang digunakan untuk akuarium. Para peneliti telah menunjukkan daun ketapang berpotensi sebagai pengolah air limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi biosorpsi daun ketapang pada limbah yang tercemar logam berbahaya, dengan mempelajari karakteristik biosorpsi, kesetimbangan, kinetika dan termodinamika. Kondisi optimum seperti pH, dosis daun ketapang, waktu kontak dan suhu akan diamati pada penelitian ini. Hasil Penelitian biomassa daun ketapang berpotensi sebagai biosorben, dengan perlakuan asam atau basa daun ketapang ini masih berpotensi sebagai biosorben. Penyerapan sangat dipengaruhi oleh pH, konsentrasi ion Pb, massa adsorben, waktu kontak dan suhu, yang berurutan nilai maksimum nya adalah pH 3, konsentrasi ion Pb 5 mg/L, massa adsorben 0,5 gram, waktu kontak 4 jam, dan suhu 40 ºC. Laju reaksi  berjalan pada orde satu dan memenuhi kaidah isotermal Langmuir. Daun ketapang memiliki energi aktivasi yang rendah sehingga cocok untuk dijadikan adsorben alternatif penyerapan logam Pb dari limbah yang mengandung logam Pb.
Fundamental Study on the Development of Sprayed High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites for Impact-Blast Resistant
Authors: Choi Yun-Wang , Choi Byung-Keol , Oh Sung-Rok , Park Man-Seok
Published: February 2017

In the recent concrete industry, high fluidity concrete is being widely used for the pouring of dense reinforced concrete. Normally, in the case of high fluidity concrete, it includes high binder contents, so it is necessary to replace part of the cement through admixtures such as fly ash to procure economic feasibility and durability. This study shows the mechanical properties and field applicability of high fluidity concrete that using mass of fly ash as alternative materials of cement. The high fluidity concrete mixed with 50% fly ash was measured to manufacture concrete that applies low water/binder ratio to measure the mechanical characteristics as compressive strength and elastic modulus. Also, in order to evaluate the field applicability, high fluidity concrete containing high volume fly ash was evaluated that fluidity, compressive strength, heat of hydration and drying shrinkage of concrete.
Exploring FPGA Based Lock-in Techniques for Brain Monitoring Applications
Authors: Giaconia Giuseppe Costantino , Greco Giuseppe , Mistretta Leonardo , Rizzo Raimondo
Published: February 2017

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) systems for e-health applications usually suffer of poor signal detection mainly due to a low end-to-end signal to noise ratio of the electronics chain. Lock-In Amplifiers (LIA) historically represent a powerful technique helping to improve performances in such circumstances. In this work it has been designed and implemented a digital LIA system, based on a Zynq® Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), trying to explore if this technique might improve fNIRS system performances. More broadly, FPGA based solution flexibility has been investigated, with particular emphasis applied to digital filter parameters, needed in the digital LIA, and it has been evaluated its impact on the final signal detection and noise rejection capability. The realized architecture was a mixed solution between VHDL hardware modules and software ones, running within a softcore microprocessor. Experimental results have shown the goodness of the proposed solutions and comparative details among different implementation will be detailed. Finally a key aspect taken into account throughout the design was its modularity, allowing an ease increase of the input channels while avoiding the growth of the design cost of the electronics system.
Impact of CVS Pharmacy's Discontinuance of Tobacco Sales on Cigarette Purchasing (2012–2014)
Authors: Polinski Jennifer M. , Howell Benjamin , Gagnon Michael A. , Kymes Steven M. , Brennan Troyen A. , Shrank William H.
Published: February 2017

Objectives. To assess the impact of CVS Health’s discontinuation of tobacco sales on cigarette purchasing.

Methods. We used households’ purchasing data to assess rates at which households stopped cigarette purchasing for at least 6 months during September 2014 to August 2015 among 3 baseline groups: CVS-exclusive cigarette purchasers, CVS+ (CVS and other retailers), and other-exclusive (only non-CVS retailers). In state-level analyses using retailers’ point-of-sale purchase data, an interrupted time series compared cigarette purchasing before (January 2012 to August 2014) and after (September 2014 to April 2015) tobacco removal in 13 intervention states with CVS market share of at least 15% versus 3 control states with no CVS stores.

Results. Compared with other-exclusive purchasers, CVS-exclusive purchasers were 38% likelier (95% confidence interval = 1.06, 1.81) to stop cigarette purchasing after tobacco removal. Compared with control states, intervention states had a significant mean decrease of 0.14 (95% confidence interval = 0.06, 0.22) in packs per smoker per month.

Conclusions. After CVS’s tobacco removal, household- and population-level cigarette purchasing declined significantly. Private retailers can play a meaningful role in restricting access to tobacco. This highlights one approach to reducing tobacco use and improving public health.
Demographic Characteristics and Health Status of Transgender Adults in Select US Regions: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2014
Authors: Meyer Ilan H. , Brown Taylor N. T. , Herman Jody L. , Reisner Sari L. , Bockting Walter O.
Published: February 2017

Objectives. To describe the health status of the transgender population in the United States.

Methods. We used 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data that comprised a probability sample from 19 US states and Guam (n = 151 456).

Results. Bivariate analyses showed that, in comparison with cisgender individuals, transgender individuals had a higher prevalence of poor general health (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 2.4), more days per month of poor physical (b = 2.43; 95% CI = 0.61, 4.24; P < .01) and mental (b = 1.74; 95% CI = 0.28, 3.19; P = .02) health, and a higher prevalence of myocardial infarction (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.1, 2.5). In addition, more transgender than cisgender people lacked health care coverage (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.2, 2.7) and a health care provider (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.0, 2.1), and they were less likely to have visited a dentist in the preceding year (OR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5, 1.0). However, transgender individuals did not differ from cisgender individuals with respect to prevalence of chronic diseases, cancers, or depressive disorders or in terms of health behaviors such as smoking, binge drinking, and always wearing a seatbelt.

Conclusions. Our findings highlight areas of unmet needs in the transgender population.
Longitudinal Patterns and Predictors of Depression Trajectories Related to the 2014 Occupy Central/Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong
Authors: Ni Michael Y. , Li Tom K. , Pang Herbert , Chan Brandford H. Y. , Kawachi Ichiro , Viswanath Kasisomayajula , Schooling Catherine Mary , Leung Gabriel Matthew
Published: February 2017

Objectives. To examine the longitudinal patterns and predictors of depression trajectories before, during, and after Hong Kong’s 2014 Occupy Central/Umbrella Movement.

Methods. In a prospective study, between March 2009 and November 2015, we interviewed 1170 adults randomly sampled from the population-representative FAMILY Cohort. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess depressive symptoms and probable major depression. We investigated pre-event and time-varying predictors of depressive symptoms.

Results. We identified 4 trajectories: resistant (22.6% of sample), resilient (37.0%), mild depressive symptoms (32.5%), and persistent moderate depression (8.0%). Baseline predictors that appeared to protect against persistent moderate depression included higher household income (odds ratio [OR] = 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.06, 0.56), greater psychological resilience (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.48, 0.82), more family harmony (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.56, 0.83), higher family support (OR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.69, 0.92), better self-rated health (OR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.16, 0.49), and fewer depressive symptoms (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.43, 0.81).

Conclusions. Depression trajectories after a major protest are comparable to those after major population events. Health care professionals should be aware of the mental health consequences during and after social movements, particularly among individuals lacking social support.
Leaking Containers: Success and Failure in Controlling the Mosquito Aedes aegypti in Brazil
Authors: Löwy Ilana
Published: February 2017

In 1958, the Pan American Health Organization declared that Brazil had successfully eradicated the mosquito Aedes aegypti, responsible for the transmission of yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus. Yet in 2016 the Brazilian minister of health described the situation of dengue fever as “catastrophic.” Discussing the recent epidemic of Zika virus, which amplified the crisis produced by the persistence of dengue fever, Brazil’s president declared in January 2016 that “we are in the process of losing the war against the mosquito Aedes aegypti.” I discuss the reasons for the failure to contain Aedes in Brazil and the consequences of this failure. A longue durée perspective favors a view of the Zika epidemic that does not present it as a health crisis to be contained with a technical solution alone but as a pathology that has the persistence of deeply entrenched structural problems and vulnerabilities.
Virginia Publications
Authors: Gardner Adele
Published: February 2017

V irginia Libraries invites VLA members and Virginia creators to send news of their latest publications. Asterisks before the author’s name indicate known VLA members. If you’re aware of new publications by Virginia residents, please email the columnist. If you have access to an item on this list and would like to review it, please query the editors (see page 40 for more information).
Analisis Molekuler dan Keragaan Agronomis Galur-galur Padi BC1F1 Persilangan Code x qTSN4 dan Code x qDTH8 (Molecular Analysis and Agronomic Performance of BC1F1 Crosses Code x qTSN4 and Code x qDTH8)
Authors: Tasliah Tasliah , Ma'sumah Ma'sumah , Trijatmiko Kurniawan R. , Prasetiyono Joko
Published: February 2017

Breeding based on molecular marker has become a routine activity in the current rice research. The development of an early
maturity of rice variety with high yield is needed to increase national rice production. This study aimed to determine the pattern
of alleles for loci controlling total spikelet number and number of days to heading, as well as agronomic performances of the
BC1F1 Code x qTSN4 and Code x qDTH8 populations. The study was conducted at the Indonesian Center for Biotechnology and
Genetic Resources Research and Development from January to August 2014. The plant materials used were Code (a national
variety with bacterial blight resistance gene [Xa7]), IR64-Nils-qTSN4[YP9] (qTSN4 that contains a locus controlling the number of
spikelet), IR64-Nils-qDTH8[YP1] (qDTH8 that contains a locus controlling the number of days to heading), BC1F1 Code x qTSN4,
and BC1F1 Code x qDTH8. A total of 250 BC1F1 plants of each crosses were selected using molecular markers of RM20582 for Xa7
gene, RM17483 and RM6909 for QTL position of qTSN4, RM5556 and RM6838 for QTL position of qDTH8. Based on molecular
analysis, there were 63 BC1F1-qTSN4 lines and 65 BC1F1-qDTH8 lines showing heterozygote alleles for qTSN4 or qDTH8 loci and
were homozygote for Xa7 locus (HHA pattern). Five plants from each locus target were backcrossed to the recurrent parent,
Code, to obtain BC2F1 seeds. The remaining BC1F1 plants were self-pollinated to obtain BC1F2 seeds. Observations on some
agronomic characters demontrated that the BC1F1 plants showed higher yield potential than Code and the flowering time of the
BC1F1 progenis were also earlier than Code. These results indicated that the yield potential of Code could be improved by
introgression of qTSN4 and qDTH8 loci into the Code genome.
Induksi dan Regenerasi Kalus Jagung yang Ditransformasi dengan Gen CsNitr1-L melalui Penembakan Partikel
Authors: Ambarwati A. Dinar , Listanto Edy , Slamet Slamet , Umar Umar , Sustiprijatno Sustiprijatno , Sutoro Sutoro
Published: February 2017

The success in development of transgenic plants is influenced by the regeneration system. The objective of the study was to
assess the response of maize genotypes to regeneration system of organogenesis and embryogenesis, after transformed with
CsNitr1-L gene through particle bombardment. Induction and callus regeneration of maize immature embryos of inbred lines
Ult:cm.1#, ARC 178-123-112-XB3, and AZ2 were conducted through organogenesis, whereas those inbred lines AZ1, AZ2,
P4G19(S)C2.59.3.3.1.3 and P4S3.29.4.4.1 were conducted through embryogenesis somatic. Transformation of CsNitr1-L gene was
done with the distance of bombardment of 7 cm and 9 cm and calli were then selected using 10 mg/l hygromycin. All explants
(100%) of inbred lines Ult:cm.1# formed organogenic callus, while callus formation of ARC 178-123-112-XB3 was 94.3% and AZ2
was 60.5%. Ult:cm.1# was the most responsive line to the regeneration of organogenesis and produced 24 green shoots,
compared with ARC 178-123-112-XB3 which produced one green shoot and AZ2 that did not produce green shoots. The highest
percentage of embryogenic calli formed through somatic embryogenesis was obtained on inbred lines AZ1 (85.4%) and the
lowest was on P4S3.29.4.4.1 (18.9%). Inbred lines AZ1 had the highest percentage of regeneration (50.7%) and produced 62
plants, followed by P4G19(S)C2.59.3.3.1.3 that produced 17 plants (2.8%) and P4S3.29.4.4.1 which produced two plants.
Preliminary identification on 31 putative transgenic plants through PCR analysis produced 22 plants (70.96%) that contained nptII
gene.
Analisis Molekuler Gen Partenokarpi DefH9-RI-iaaM pada Progeni Tomat Transgenik
Authors: Pardal Saptowo J , Slamet Slamet , Purnamaningsih Ragapadmi , Lestari Endang G. , Sutini Sutini
Published: February 2017

The development of seedless tomato fruits will be more attractive to both consumers and industries. Seedless tomatoes can be
produced through parthenocarpy technology. Artificial parthenocarpy can be induced by conventional crossing, hormone
application, or genetic engineering. The development of parthenocarpic tomatoes through genetic engineering has been carried
out by inserting DefH9-iaaM parthenocarpic geneinto tomato genome via Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation.
Sixty putative transgenic tomato lines were produced and three events (OvR1#14-4, OvM2#10-1, and OvM2#6-2) were selected
as the best events. The background of the tomato lines was Oval variety, and based on PCR results, the three selected lines
contained DefH9-RI-iaaM in their genome. The objective of this research was to determine the integration of DefH9-RI-iaaM
gene in the progenies of three transgenic tomatoes lines using PCR technique. The research was conducted in the laboratory
and Biosafety Containment Facility of Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and
Development (ICABIOGRAD). Parental variety, Oval (neither transgenic nor in vitro cultured), and elite line of CL 6046 were used
as control plants. The results indicated that the progenies (T1, T2, and T3) of the three tomato lines contained the insert DefH9-RIiaaM
gene.
Gen dan QTL Pengendali Toleransi Tanaman terhadap Keracunan Aluminium dan Aplikasinya untuk Pemuliaan Tanaman di Indonesia
Authors: Tasma I Made
Published: February 2017

Genetic knowledge of loci controlling Al toxicity tolerance is the key for a successful breeding program in developing Al
tolerant cultivars. Tolerance level of crop plants to Al toxicity is genetically controlled. The gene inheritance pattern is mainly
resulted from intensive studies of cereal crops, such as wheat, sorghum, maize, and rice. The trait can be controlled by a
single dominant gene, a single dominant gene with many alleles, a pair of dominant genes, or by many genes (QTL). The
majority of the Al tolerance genes identified so far belongs to two independent groups of gene families, i.e. aluminumactivated
malate transporter (ALMT) and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE), both encoding transport proteins
involved in Al-activated organic acid release, mainly citrate and malate. The variations in Al toxicity tolerance phenotypes are
strongly correlated with the expressions of such genes in the root apical cells. Many Al tolerance QTLs have been mapped in
the genomes of various crop species and were found to be colocated with the ALMT and MATE genes. The genetic maps of
the Al tolerance genes and QTLs facilitate breeding programs for developing Al-tolerant cultivars through marker-assisted
breeding methods. Al tolerance genes that have been isolated from genetically unrelated species can be used in genetic
transformation studies of crop genotypes sexually incompatible to the gene source genotypes. The application of these
molecular breeding methods expedites breeding programs to develop crop cultivars tolerance to Al toxicity and acid soils.
Genomic technologies by using next-generation sequencing and high-throughput genotyping system accelerate Al toxicity
tolerance gene and QTL discoveries of various crop species. The modern genomic technologies also facilitate more
comprehensive PGR characterization and utilization to accelerate identification and isolation of the Al tolerance genes and
QTLs to be used in a more comprehensive breeding program to support national food self sufficiency and food security
programs.
Pengaruh Retardan Paklobutrazol terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Pemulihan Dua Aksesi Ubi Kayu
Authors: Diantina Surya , Efendi Darda , Mariska Ika
Published: February 2017

Normal growth medium is not effective for in vitro conservation due to the risk of somaclonal variation that may increase due
to short interval between subculture. Two experiments involving growth retardant paclobutrazol (PBZ) were conducted to
reduce explants growth and extend subculture interval. In order to develop medium-term conservation of cassava, the
recovery of plantlets after in vitro storage was also observed. Accession 433 and 450 were used in two independent
experiments. Completely Randomized Design was used with three replications. PBZ at 0, 3.4, 6.8, and 10.2 μM were
supplemented onto MS medium + arginin 100 ppm. Observation was done on shoot length, number of nodes and leaves, and
number of white and senescence leaves. The results showed that after nine months without subculture, both cassava
accessions showed different results in in vitro growth and their recovery. PBZ 3.4 μM performed as the best treatment in
accession 433 and 450 to reduce in vitro growth and their recovery after storage.
Regenerasi Tanaman pada Kultur Antera Beberapa Aksesi Padi Indica Toleran Aluminium
Authors: Dewi Iswari S. , Purwoko Bambang S. , Aswidinnoor Hajrial , Somantri Ida H. , Chozin M. A.
Published: February 2017

Anther culture provides the quick route in obtaining pure lines in a single generation from either green haploid plant that may be artificially or spontaneously doubled. Indica rice known as recalcitrant genotype because of its difficulty in regenerating sufficient number of green plantlets among the regenerated plants through anther culture. Whilst, research on studying anther culture ability has to be done to assure the success of rice breeding through anther culture. The objective of this research was to determine regeneration ability of five accessions of indica rice tolerance to aluminum through application of putrescine in anther culture. Completely randomized design with 15 replications was used in this research. Treatments consisted of five accessions of aluminum tolerance indica rice, ie. CT6510-24-1-3, Grogol, Hawara Bunar, Krowal, and Sigundil. Callus induction medium based on N6 medium + 10-3 M putrescine, while regeneration medium based on MS + 10-3 M putrescine. The results indicated that culture ability is controlled by the genotype. From this research, Grogol, Krowal and Sigundil were selected as accessions having good rice anther culture ability, and therefore can be used as parents for developing new rice varieties tolerance to aluminum through anther culture.
Identitas dan Keragaman Genetik Begomovirus yang Berasosiasi dengan Penyakit Keriting pada Tomat Berdasarkan Teknik Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)
Authors: Santoso Tri Joko , Hidayat Sri H. , Herman M. , Aswidinnoor H. , Sudarsono Sudarsono
Published: February 2017

Begomoviruses, members of the Geminivirus,
are considered as emerging plant viruses. This was due to
the increasing incidences and severities of the diseases in a
number of economically important crops, including tomato.
Genetic diversities of the Begomovirus isolates infecting
tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) of several areas in Indonesia
were analyzed by using Polymerase Chain Reaction-
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)
technique. A 1500 base pairs of PCR fragments amplified by
using degenerate primers for Begomovirus was digested
using four restriction enzymes, i.e., DraI, EcoRI, RsaI, and
PstI. The pattern of RE digested fragments of 8 Begomovirus
isolates and the predicted RFLP fragments of the Begomovirus
isolates in the GeneBank database were used to determine
the genetic identities and diversities among the isolates.
Positive results of the PCR amplifications proved that
diseased tomato plant samples collected from 8 locations in
Java and Sumatra were infected with at least one Begomovirus
isolate. The PCR amplification products, which were
digested using the four restriction enzymes indicated the
presence of polimorfisms among the DNA fragments of the
Begomovirus isolates. Identifications of the Begomovirus
indicated that the Brastagi, Bogor, Sragen, Ketep, and Boyolali
isolates were Tomato Leaf Curl Virus (ToLCV); the
isolates from Malang and Blitar isolates were Ageratum
Yellow Vein Virus (AYVV), while one isolate from Kaliurang
was Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV). Results of the
phylogenetic analysis of the 8 Begomovirus isolates based
on Begomoviruses from the DNA database indicated that
they belonged to three different groups.
Pengaruh Sumber Karbon dan Kondisi Inkubasi terhadap Pertumbuhan Kultur In Vitro Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.)
Authors: Roostika Ika , Purnamaningsih Ragapadmi , Noviati Arief V.
Published: February 2017

Pruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) is an Indonesian
medicinal plant which is categorized as endangered
plant and included in Appendix I based on CITES. The in
vitro conservation techniques have been studied. However,
the storage period was very short (4 months) when plant
growth retardant and media dilution were applied. Beside
that, the residual effect of growth retardant was strong
enough so that it needed more than 4 months for recovery.
Thus, the use of certain carbon source may prolong the
preservation period with shorter time for recovery. The
objective of the study was to know the effects of carbon
sources (sucrose and mannitol) and culture conditions (culture
room and growth chamber) to the growth of pruatjan
cultures. This application was hoped to prolong preservation
period of pruatjan longer than 4 months and to cut the
recovery period after presservation. The study was conducted
at Tissue Culture Laboratory in Indonesian Center for
Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research
and Development from August 2006 to July 2007. The
activities included propagation of in vitro shoot grown in
vitro as explants source, preservation of in vitro shoots of
pruatjan, and regeneration of the cultures after preservation.
The experiment was designed as factorial in Randomized
Completely Block Design with 6 replications. The DKW basal
media containing 1 ppm BA, 0.2 ppm thidiazuron, and 100
ppm arginine were supplemented with mannitol or sucrose
at the level of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%. The observed variables were
total number of leaves, number of shoot, and number of wilt
leaves. The result revealed that pruatjan cultures could be
stored longer than 4 months. Generally, the effect of
mannitol or sucrose was more dominant than that of cultures
condition. The mannitol (1-5%) strongly inhibited the
growth of pruatjan cultures so that only a few cultures
survived at 7 months preservation period and needed about
1 month for recovery. On the contrary, the effect of sucrose
(at the same level) was better than mannitol. The 2.5%
sucrose optimally inhibited pruatjan cultures. At that condition,
the cultures could be stored for 10 months without
morphological changes so that they could recover spontaneously.
TINJAUAN Penggunaan Suspensi Sel dalam Kultur In Vitro
Authors: Hutami Sri
Published: February 2017

Cell suspension culture could be defined as a
process that allows rapidly dividing homogenous suspension
of cells to grow in liquid nutrient media. There are two main
types of suspension cultures: (1) Batch cultures in which
cells are nurtured in a fixed volume of medium until growth
ceases and (2) Continuous cultures in which cell growth is
maintained by continuous replenishment of sterile nutrient
media. Plant cell suspension cultures are mostly used for the
biochemical investigation of cell physiology, growth, metabolism,
protoplast fusion, transformation and for large scale
production of seed by bioreactor and production of secondary
metabolites. Contamination is one of the largest problems
when dealing with cell cultures. Differences between
the products of cell suspension culture and whole plant are
frequently observed. These phenomena’s may be resulted
from lack of differentiation and organization and cell cultureinduced
variation. Utilization of cell suspension culture in
Indonesia is still limited, some of them for mass production
of plantation seed with bioreactor system and for production
of secondary metabolites. The success of this study give the
opportunity for mass production of seeds from other plants
and also production of secondary metabolites.
Pengaruh Kinetin dan BAP terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Embrio Somatik Tanaman Sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)
Authors: Riyadi Imron
Published: February 2017

Effect of Kinetin and BAP to Growth and Development of
Somatic Embryos of Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.).
Imron Riyadi. Somatic embryos induction in sago palm
(Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) have succesfully developed. Kinds
and concentration of plant growth regulators (PGR’s)
influence to growth and development of somatic embryos.
The research was conducted to determine the optimal concentration
of BAP and kinetin for proliferation, maturation
and germination of sago palm somatic embryos. Cotyledonstage
of somatic embryo derived from shoot tip cultures
cultured on Modified Murashige-Skoog (MMS) with halfstrength
macro-salts and added with 30 g/l sucrose, 2 g/l
gelrite, 1 g/l activated charcoal. pH of media was adjusted at
5.6 before sterilized. The media were supplemented with
0.1-2.0 mg/l BAP and 0.1-2.0 mg/l kinetin in combination with
0.01 mg/l ABA each for supporting growth and development.
The cultures was incubated at 26+1oC under a 12-h
photoperiod with lighting providing an intensity 20 μmoles
photons/m2/second for 11 weeks with replication 10 times.
The results showed that the highest of somatic embryo
proliferation was achieved in a culture medium with BAP at
0.5 mg/l + 0.01 mg/l ABA with an expression rate of 94%, the
best maturation at 1.0 mg/l kinetin + 0.01 mg/l ABA with an
expression rate of 93.5% and the most germination at 2.0
mg/l kinetin + 0.01 mg/l ABA with an expression rate of
100%. Transfer of these germinants to gelled media without
PGR’s led to the development of normal plantlets.
Kultur In Vitro Endosperma, Protokol yang Efisien untuk Mendapatkan Tanaman Triploid secara Langsung
Authors: Sukamto Lazarus Agus
Published: February 2017

In Vitro Culture of Endosperm: An efficient protocol to
propagate triploid plants directly. L. Agus Sukamto.
Triploid plants are very vigorous and beneficial since they
generally produce seedless fruits, bigger flowers, and produce
more volume of wood than the diploid counterparts.
The triploid plants can be produced by crossing diploid and
tetraploid plants, but this method is cumbersome and takes
a long time. In vitro culture of endosperm is an alternative
method to produce triploid plants directly. The success of
endosperm culture is dependent on many factors, such as
maturity of endosperm, presence of the zygotic embryo, culture
medium, growth regulators, browning, culture period,
an plant species. Generally, a mature endosperm needs an
initial association with an embryo to induce cell divisions,
while proliferation of an immature endosperms is not
dependent on the embryo. Endosperm of most parasitic
angiosperms shows direct organogenesis without callus
formation. Plants produced from endosperm culture are
generally triploid, although some plants possess different
ploidy levels.
Perkembangan Aplikasi Teknik Kriopreservasi untuk Konservasi dan Mendukung Program Pemuliaan Tanaman
Authors: Roostika Ika
Published: February 2017

In the beginning, cryopreservation
technique was primarily used for germplasms
long-term storage as passive collection because cell division
and metabolism process can be stopped at super low
temperature, commonly in liquid nitrogen. The technique is
suitable for vegetative propagated plants and recalcitrant
seeds. Recently, its application is extending for storing many
species and orthodox seeds. In this paper, the development
of cryopreservation application is discussed. In Indonesia,
cryopreservation is being studied but the application of
cryopreservation has been significantly developed abroad.
The application of cryopreservation technique is not only for
preserving passive collections but also for storing active
collections, including to provide plant materials for hybridization,
cellular engineering, genetic transformation, as well
as pathogens eradication or cryotherapy. It is concluded that
cryopreservation plays an important role in conventional and
modern plant breeding program.
Pemurnian Parsial dan Karakterisasi Kitinase Asal Jamur Entomopatogen Beauveria bassiana Isolat BB200109
Authors: Suryadi Yadi , Priyatno Tri P. , Samudra I Made , Susilowati Dwi N. , Lawati Nuni , Kustaman Eman
Published: February 2017

Beauveria bassiana is one of the
entomopathogenic fungus that produces chitinase when
infecting its host. This study was aimed to purify, isolate and
characterize chitinase of B. bassiana isolate BB200109.
Pathogen identity was determined both morphologically and
molecularly using ITS primer, whilst characterization was
done at various conditions i.e. temperature, pH, metal ion
and incubation time. Results showed that the BB200109
isolate belonged to B. bassiana. The isolate produced
extracellular chitinase with chitinolytic index of 1.035. Partial
purification of three saturated ammonium sulphate
precipitation (10, 30, and 70%) showed maximum purity of
1.2 times, while dialysis could increase the purity of 1.9
times compared to that of crude enzyme extract.
Characterization results showed that the chitinase isolated
from B. bassiana isolate BB200109 had an optimum activity
at pH 4, temperature 50oC, and optimum incubation time of
90 minutes. The effect of metal ions (60 mM) Mn2+ served as
activator, while EDTA, K+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, and Na+
acted as inhibitors. The chitinase demonstrated lower
affinity to chitin substrate as indicated by high Km value of
0.266 mg/l and a Vmax of 0.067 mg/l sec. Based on SDS-PAGE,
chitinase from B. bassiana isolate BB200109 had molecular
weight of 60.25 kDa. The study implied the potency of
B. bassiana isolate BB200109 as extracellular chitinase
producer with its enzyme charateristics seems to be
developed as an insect biocontrol agent.
Prevalence of Professional Misconduct in Nzega District, Tanzania Public Secondary Schools
Authors: Mabagala Stephen
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of professional misconduct among public secondary school teachers in Nzega District, Tanzania public secondary schools. This study employed descriptive survey research design. The sample consisted of 403 respondents in which teachers and students were randomly selected, while heads of schools and Teachers Services Department (TSD) officials were purposively selected based on their administrative roles. Data for this study were collected through questionnaire and semi-structured interview guide. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics using SPSS version 20. Findings revealed that teachers’ professional misconduct was low. However, financial mismanagement, negligence of duty, and absenteeism were among the common professional misconduct acts in secondary schools in Nzega District. Findings also revealed that, poor remuneration, failure to fulfill teachers’ needs, and lack of motivation were among the sources of teacher’s explanations for misconduct. Based on the findings, the government through the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVC) should respond to teachers’ needs in a timely manner, and conduct regular seminars on teacher professionalism. Moreover, a similar study should be conducted to assess teachers’ misconduct at primary school and higher institution levels.
Buffalograss Divot Recovery as Affected by Nitrogen Source and Rate
Authors: Alderman Evan J. , Hoyle Jared A. , Keeley Steven J. , Fry Jack D.
Published: February 2017

Core Ideas

Buffalograss treated with urea to provide 1 lb N/1,000 ft2 achieved 50% divot recovery 6.3 days faster than untreated turf.

Polymer‐coated urea applications did not improve divot recovery rates compared with the 0 lb N treatment.

Under limited irrigation situations and with minimal fertilization, buffalograss exhibits improved divot recovery and, thus, playability in low input turfgrass management systems.

Divots occur when a golfer's club impacts the surface and removes turf. No published research has been conducted to explore the influence of nitrogen (N) fertility on divot recovery in buffalograss [Buchloë dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm]. The objective of this study was to determine if nitrogen source and rate influence divot recovery in buffalograss. Research trials were initiated in 2014 at the Rocky Ford Research Center (RF) in Manhattan, KS and Council Grove Country Club (CG) in Council Grove, KS. Three divots were created per plot using a modified edger. Urea (46–0‐0) served as the quick‐release N source, and polymer‐coated urea (PCU) (43–0‐0) was the controlled release N source; each was applied to provide 0, 1, 2, and 3 lb N/1,000 ft2/yr. Buffalograss treated with urea to provide 1 lb N/1,000 ft2 achieved 50% divot recovery 6.3 d faster than untreated turf; however, the 3 lb N/1,000 ft2 rate did not enhance divot recovery in comparison. Polymer‐coated urea applied the day of divoting did not improve divot recovery rates compared to the 0 lb N treatment. Acceptable divot recovery is possible in buffalograss with a quick‐release N source and N fertility levels as low as 1 lb N/1,000 ft2/yr.
Cover Crop Development Related to Nitrate Uptake and Cumulative Temperature
Authors: Burger Martin , Dumlao Matthew R. , Wang Juan , Moradi Barzin A. , Horwath William R. , Silk Wendy K.
Published: February 2017

Cover crops have been shown to deplete soil nitrate and reduce nitrate leaching in Mediterranean climates. Cover crop canopy development, N uptake, and root system development were studied during three rainy seasons in Yolo silt loam and Rincon silty clay loam soils, with two cover crops with contrasting root systems and N acquisition strategies: triticale (× Triticosecale), a monocot wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–rye (Secale cereale L.) hybrid with a fibrous root system, and bell bean (Vicia faba L.), a taprooted legume that fixes N. Weed growth was substantial in bell bean plots. Triticale consistently developed a uniform stand and produced a deeper and denser root system with a faster root penetration rate than the bell bean–weed mixture. Growth and N uptake were strongly correlated with accumulated temperature for triticale but not bell bean. Therefore, triticale growth models based on weather data (1982–2014) were used to study the effect of planting and termination dates on N uptake in Davis, CA. Planting before mid‐October would enable N extraction from the soil prior to the heaviest winter rains, whereas delaying sowing until mid‐November would delay significant N uptake until early spring. Following the current cover crop management approach of sowing triticale before the first significant rain and terminating by the end of February, N uptake from the soil would exceed 45 kg N ha‐1 ∼56% of the time. Generally, a temperature‐based growth model is useful for managing soil nitrate levels with some monocot cover crops during the winter rainy season.