bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth rate and morphology of in vitro cultivated Dendrobium bigibbum as affected by different photoperiod cycles
Authors: Antonio Karl Joshua P. , David Eden S. , Valentino Mary Jhane G.
Published: January 2025

This study contributes valuable insights into the intricate relationship between photoperiod and the morphology of in vitro cultivated D. bigibbum.  The study investigated the effects of different photoperiod durations (8, 12, 16, and 20 hours) on the morphology such as the growth rate (stem and root), leaf characteristic and stomatal conductance. Morphological assessments showed that the longer photoperiods promoted higher growth rates but adversely affected leaf traits at 20 hours, resulting in reduced leaf number, size, and area. While root growth rates remained unaffected by photoperiod, stomatal density increased with longer light exposure, accompanied by a slight decrease in stomatal aperture size, suggesting potential adaptations for water conservation.
Development of the upper reaches of erosion systems in the Russian plain in the area of the moscow glaciation
Authors: Panin A. V. , Sidorchuk A. Yu. , Borisova O. K. , Belyaev V. R. , Belyaev Y. R. , Vlasov M. V. , Eremenko E. A. , Fuseina Y. N. , Sheremetskaya E. D.
Published: January 2025

The headwaters of the river systems on the East European Plain between the boundaries of the Late Valdai (Marine Isotope Stage 2 – MIS 2) and the Moscow (MIS 6) glaciations developed during the last 150,000 years. During this time, there were at least three climatic episodes characterised by very high relative to modern surface runoff causing intense deep and backward erosion: at the end of MIS 6, in the second half of MIS 2 and in the middle Holocene. Watersheds cut by erosion systems have a mosaic geological structure, from hard-erodible glacial tills (moraines) to low-resistance sandy deposits. In moraines, the main deepening of erosional forms occurred in pre-Holocene time. Even relatively large forms such as balkas (dry valleys) have not yet reached concave longitudinal profiles. The general trend of their development was deepening. Short episodes of incision, occurring during climatic intervals with increased water flow, alternated with long periods of stabilisation. In the Holocene, the largest erosion events associated with episodes of anomalous intensity of atmospheric precipitation (probably heavy rainfall) are dated to the time interval from 6 to 3 thousand years ago. In different parts of this interval, single gullies appeared in areas with sufficiently high gradients and sandy substrates. These gullies quickly reached their ultimate size and now have graded concave longitudinal profiles. All other gullies cutting through moraines and bedrock were formed in pre-Holocene time, but are still far from being graded and have convex, convex-concave and stepped longitudinal profiles. The diversity of catchment areas, initial slope gradients, and properties of the geological substrate that determine its resistance to erosion has led to great differences in the evolution of the upper reaches of river systems within the Moscow glaciation area compared to the more homogeneous landscape conditions of the extra-glacial areas of the Russia Plain.
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP KEPATUHAN DALAM PEMBERIAN IMUNISASI CAMPAK PADA BAYI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MPUNDA KOTA BIMA TAHUN 2024
Authors: ST. Tangaya  , Sri Astuti  , Nur Baety
Published: January 2025

Data cakupan imunisasi campak di Indonesia berdasarkan data Kemenkes Jumlah kasus campak di Indonesia tercatat lebih dari 3.341 kasus pada tahun 2023, jika dibandingkan dengan tahun 2021 dan 2022 ada peningkatan yang cukup signifikat kurang lebih 32 kali lipat. Untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan keluarga terhadap kepatuhan dalam pemberian imunisasi campak pada bayi di Wilayah Kerja  Puskesmas Mpunda Kota Bima tahun 2024. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian deskriptif korelasional dengan menggunakan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi pada penelitian adalah seluruh bayi yang berusia 9-11 bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mpunda. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total Sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 45 responden. Instrumen yang  digunakan adalah kuesioner. Analisis Bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi lambda. Menunjukkan bahwa Ibu yang mendapat dukungan keluarga tinggi sebanyak 27 orang (60%), ibu yang patuh membawa anaknya untuk imunisasi sebanyak 29 orang (64,4%). Berdasarkan uji korelasi Lambda nilai r hit = 0,750 dengan nilai p= 0,002 dapat diartikan bahwa Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan ibu dengan arah korelasi positif dengan kekuatan korelasi kuat.
EVALUATION OF DESIGN INSTRUCTIONAL OF THE LESSON PLAN WRITING CLASS
Authors: Mary Eirene
Published: January 2025

Writing a lesson plan is a skill that a teacher should have.  Lesson plan will help teacher in creating a meaningful learning.  Student teacher must be educated and trained to be able to prepare a lesson plan.  An instructional design is needed to achieve the course objectives in Lesson Plan Writing.  The instructor made an instructional design which were consisted from four components of lesson plan, namely learning materials, course objectives, teaching strategy and learning assessment. This research was conducted to evaluate the implementation of the instructional design by the instructor. The author used qualitative methods to describe the learning process. The data collection technique carried out is through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study show that the implementation of the instructional design can achieve the course objectives, where students can make 15 lesson plans.  And the assessment carried out by students on the implementation of the instructional design reached 92.6% with the Excellent category.
USE OF STORY TELLING TO INCREASE STUDENTS' ENGLISH VOCABULARY ABILLITY
Authors: Natasian Densi Elisabeth Carolina , Elopore Yunus
Published: January 2025

This research was categorized as a classroom action research. In this research, the researcher researched by teaching English using storytelling to increase students' vocabulary. There were two variables of this research. They were storytelling as an independent variable and vocabulary as a dependent variable. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of storytelling to increase students' vocabulary. The population was all of SMP Negeri Yalengga  from grade seven to grade nine were 100 students and the sample of the students was 19 students of VII grade. The used instruments were observation and vocabulary test. This research was done with CAR, the researcher used two cycles to find the students' percentage in cycle one and cycle two. In cycle one the researcher had given the pre-test before the lesson started. After giving the pre-test the researher had meetings for three days, afterward the researcher gave the post-test. The students' average score of the cycle one in post-test was 46,15. It was categorized as in low category. Concerning the students' result of cycle one's post-test, the researcher decided to continue to cycle two. In cycle two, the researcher continued with the same method   diffrent vocabulary and story. The researcher also did the pre-test and post-test in cycle two, the result of cyle two's post-test was increased in very high category 86,11. Therefore, the criteria used in this study seemed have done sucessfully as shown by the students' test results. The students had shown great shift in terms of their enthusiasm and test result in learning English.
Multimodal discourse analysis in health communication: sketching out the field
Authors: Mesinioti Polina
Published: January 2025

Background: Multimodal discourse approaches have only recently gained consistent prominence in health communication research. The theoretical and methodological underpinnings of each approach, and their contribution to the health communication domain, require further articulation. Aim: This article aims to sketch out the field, showcasing the methodological strengths and limitations of multimodal discourse approaches, and their potential contribution to health research. Methods: The article reviews four established and emerging multimodal discourse approaches used in health communication research. A comparative lens is taken, scrutinising each approach in terms of its theoretical underpinnings, methodological implications, and analytical constraints. Findings: Key points of convergence and divergence among the approaches are identified, with all approaches sharing a commitment to investigating multiple modes and their relationships in creating meaning within health research. The main point of differentiation lies in what each approach considers the unit of analysis: Systemic Functional Multimodal Discourse Analysis focuses on semiotic resources, Mediated Discourse Analysis on action, Conversation Analysis on conversational order, and Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis on power and social structures. Conclusions: Future directions include a focus on materiality, the integration of emerging technologies, and the development of new analytical tools for investigating crisis communication. All these can offer deeper insights into health communication and enhance professional practices and patient outcomes.
The Republic of Iraq's "special" relations with the U.S. as a factor restraining the Iraqi ruling circles in their efforts to expand international contacts
Authors: Ryzhov Igor Valerevich , Dzhodzhi Nechirvan Dzhasim , Strukova Marina Igorevna
Published: January 2025

The relevance of the topic is conditioned by the significant influence of the US-Iraqi relations on the strategic stability and political architecture of the Middle East in the XXI century. The author examined the key aspects of interaction between the Republic of Iraq and the United States in the political, economic and defense spheres following the adoption of the Framework Agreement in 2008, as well as the influence of American foreign policy on the development of the Iraqi state while maintaining the American military presence. The author investigated the mechanisms and instruments used by the United States to ensure its long-term influence in Iraq. The 2008 Framework Agreement, which became the basic document for determining the priority areas of cooperation between the U.S. and Iraq, is analyzed. Special attention is paid to U.S. economic interests, political restrictions for Iraq in the sphere of foreign policy contacts, and the preservation of the U.S. military presence in the country. It is noted that cooperation with the United States creates both opportunities for the recovery and modernization of the Iraqi economy and dependence on U.S. political and economic decisions. Event analysis made it possible to study in detail the dynamics of key events that influenced the nature of bilateral interaction, it helped to identify cause-and-effect relationships between events and their consequences for Iraqi-American relations. The use of the functional analysis made it possible to systematize information about the interaction between Washington and Baghdad in strategically important areas: politics, economics, and cultural and humanitarian ties.
Pure Sociology: Subjectivity at Risk?
Authors: J. Chriss James
Published: January 2025

Sociology began as a scientific discipline in large part by defining itself by what it was NOT, namely, psychology. This means that within sociology there has always been an uncertainty over whether subjective phenomena, including selves, identities, emotions, consciousness, feelings, or experience, are topics worthy of scientific analysis and observation within the discipline. Some argue that psychology is vital to doing sociology (as an accepted or foundational “first principle”), while others reject it because it falls outside the scope of sociological concerns. In this paper I analyze antisubjectivism in sociology in the form of Donald Black’s “pure sociology,” as well as the antihumanist network theory of Stephan Fuchs. I conclude by suggesting that if sociologists are serious about achieving their long sought after but elusive “science of society,” then the sort of antisubjectivism, antihumanism, and antiessentialism being propounded by Black, Fuchs, and others should receive serious consideration in current and future sociological work.
Rethinking Social Context in Technological Responsibility - Steven Umbrello, Technology Ethics: Responsible Innovation and Design Strategies
Authors: Mirzaie Ayat
Published: January 2025

This review explores Steven Umbrello’s work on Technology Ethics, an interdisciplinary examination of the complex relationship between technology and society. The book critically examines foundational concepts such as technological instrumentalism, determinism, social construction, and interactional perspectives, highlighting the dynamic interplay between values, design, and ethics. Umbrello’s advocacy for value-sensitive design and responsible innovation as practical frameworks for addressing emerging challenges, including AI and sociotechnical systems, is a key takeaway. While the book provides a solid foundation, it raises further unresolved questions about agency in increasingly autonomous technologies and the methodological challenges associated with empirically studying interactional perspectives. This review underscores the book’s practical value for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers grappling with technological innovations’ ethical and societal implications.
Review on the Situation of Children with Disabilities in Inclusive Education in Kosovo
Authors: Belegu Caka Vjollca
Published: January 2025

Inclusive education for children with disabilities is a significant global concern, with the goal of ensuring equitable access to education for all. Kosovo’s commitment to inclusive education is reflected in its alignment with international conventions and national legislation. The Constitution of Kosovo guarantees equal rights to all citizens, including those with disabilities. Additionally, Kosovo has ratified the CRPD, committing to ensuring that persons with disabilities have access to an inclusive, quality, and free education on an equal basis with others. Despite these legal foundations, challenges in implementation persist. Legal provisions often fail to translate into practice due to limited financial resources, inadequate infrastructure, and insufficient teacher training. The gap between policy and practice leaves many children with disabilities either segregated in special schools or marginalized within mainstream schools, without appropriate support. This paper provides an overview of the current situation regarding inclusive education in Kosovo from recent studies and reports focusing on the legal frameworks, implementation practices, and the socio-cultural barriers that impact the quality of education for children with disabilities. It examines key factors such as teacher preparedness, infrastructure accessibility, societal attitudes, and parental involvement, which contribute to either the success or failure of inclusive education. Additionally, it discusses the role of international organizations, local non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the Kosovo government in promoting inclusive education. The analysis concludes by recommendations to overcome the identified challenges, emphasizing the need for systemic changes, professional development for educators, provision of support services and stronger collaboration between stakeholders.
Deuterium Metabolic Imaging Phenotypes Mouse Glioblastoma Heterogeneity Through Glucose Turnover Kinetics
Authors: Simões Rui V , Henriques Rafael N , Olesen Jonas L , Cardoso Beatriz M , Fernandes Francisca F , Monteiro Mariana AV , Jespersen Sune N , Carvalho Tânia , Shemesh Noam
Published: January 2025

Glioblastomas are aggressive brain tumors with dismal prognosis. One of the main bottlenecks for developing more effective therapies for glioblastoma stems from their histologic and molecular heterogeneity, leading to distinct tumor microenvironments and disease phenotypes. Effectively characterizing these features would improve the clinical management of glioblastoma. Glucose flux rates through glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidation have been recently shown to quantitatively depict glioblastoma proliferation in mouse models (GL261 and CT2A tumors) using dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) deuterium spectroscopy. However, the spatial features of tumor microenvironment phenotypes remain hitherto unresolved. Here, we develop a DGE Deuterium Metabolic Imaging (DMI) approach for profiling tumor microenvironments through glucose conversion kinetics. Using a multimodal combination of tumor mouse models, novel strategies for spectroscopic imaging and noise attenuation, and histopathological correlations, we show that tumor lactate turnover mirrors phenotype differences between GL261 and CT2A mouse glioblastoma, whereas recycling of the peritumoral glutamate-glutamine pool is a potential marker of invasion capacity in pooled cohorts, linked to secondary brain lesions. These findings were validated by histopathological characterization of each tumor, including cell density and proliferation, peritumoral invasion and distant migration, and immune cell infiltration. Our study bodes well for precision neuro-oncology, highlighting the importance of mapping glucose flux rates to better understand the metabolic heterogeneity of glioblastoma and its links to disease phenotypes.
Testosterone-Induced Metabolic Changes in Seminal Vesicle Epithelial cells Alter Plasma Components to Enhance Sperm Fertility
Authors: Yamanaka Takahiro , Xiao Zimo , Tsujita Natsumi , Awad Mahmoud , Umehara Takashi , Shimada Masayuki
Published: January 2025

Male factors account for almost half of the causes of infertility. In rodents and humans, most of the components of semen are supplied by the seminal vesicles, and they support male reproductive ability, but there are many unknown details. In this study, the metabolic changes in the seminal vesicle epithelial cells were focused on, and the mechanisms by which testosterone affects the seminal plasma composition were investigated. A factor that improves the linear motility of sperm was secreted from the seminal vesicles, which were synthesized in an androgen-dependent manner. Bioassays, gene expression, and flux analysis studies demonstrated that testosterone promotes glucose uptake in seminal vesicle epithelial cells via GLUT4, resulting in oleic acid synthesis. Oleic acid was shown to be taken up by sperm and to promote linear motility, thereby improving fertilization rates both
in vitro
and
in vivo
. ACLY was a critical factor in this metabolic change, which produces oleic acid and enhances their fertilization ability
in vivo
. In conclusion, the critical role of testosterone-induced metabolic changes in the seminal vesicles is to ensure the synthesis of oleic acid, which is important for sperm fertilization
in vivo
. These findings provide new perspectives for the development of potential biomarkers of male fertility and advances in the treatment of male infertility.
Pressure‐Induced Dual‐Emission of Mn‐Based Metal Halides (C5H6N)2MnBr4
Authors: Chang Duanhua , Chen Yaping , Wang Lingrui , Wang Jiaxiang , Feng Youjia , Yuan Yifang , Gao Han , Wu Min , Fu Ruijing , Yang Gang , Wang Kai , Guo Haizhong
Published: December 2023

Regulating the crystal structure of metal halides is important to tune their photoluminescence (PL) or govern the potential emergence of diverse physical properties. Here, an exceptional PL phenomenon characterized by dual‐emission bands in the Mn‐based metal halides (C5H6N)2MnBr4 is observed through hydrostatic pressure measurements. The results have confirmed that the dual‐emission bands centered at ≈518 and 650 nm arise from isolated Mn2+ ions and super‐exchange within Mn2+–Mn2+ dimers, respectively. (C5H6N)2MnBr4 displays remarkable piezochromic luminescence, accompanied by a red shift in dual‐emission. This phenomenon can be attributed to the enhancement of crystal‐field splitting energy and the reduction of relaxation from the low‐energy excited state 4T1 to the ground state 6A1. Meanwhile, the dual‐emission exhibits an anomalous increase ≈1.5–3.9 GPa, which is associated with reduced nonradiative losses during energy migration due to the decreased distance between the luminescent centers as a consequence of lattice contraction. Moreover, (C5H6N)2MnBr4 undergoes a phase transition at ≈1.5 GPa, and upon decompression, the high‐pressure phase partially recovers. This study not only provides insights into the luminescent properties of Mn‐based metal halides but also presents a novel approach to the design of multifunctional photoluminescent materials.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Selective C(sp2)−H Acyloxylation of 2‐Aroyl‐Pyridine Derivatives with Sodium Carboxylate
Authors: Ma Wenbo , Zheng Tao , Gu Linghui
Published: December 2023

A ruthenium‐catalyzed C(sp2)−H acyloxylation of 2‐aroyl pyridine derivatives with simple sodium carboxylate utilizing transformable directing groups is described. This protocol features broad functional group tolerance and chemo‐ and regio‐selectivity, providing the acyloxylation products in 45%‐84%yield. Furthermore, the synthetic utility of this protocol was demonstrated by the late‐stage functionalization of pharmaceutical compounds. Notably, the acyloxylation products could be further transformed into a variety of useful heterocycles under mild conditions.
The Balance Effect of π–π Electronic Coupling on NIR‐II Emission and Photodynamic Properties of Highly Hydrophobic Conjugated Photosensitizers
Authors: Zhu Yulin , Lai Hanjian , Gu Ying , Wei Zixiang , Chen Lin , Lai Xue , Han Liang , Tan Pu , Pu Mingrui , Xiao Fan , He Feng , Tian Leilei
Published: December 2023

Deep NIR organic phototheranostic molecules generally have large π‐conjugation structures and show highly hydrophobic properties, thus, forming strong π–π stacking in the aqueous medium, which will affect the phototheranostic performance. Herein, an end‐group strategy is developed to lift the performance of NIR‐II emitting photosensitizers. Extensive characterizations reveal that the hydrogen‐bonding interactions of the hydroxyl end group can induce a more intense π–π electronic coupling than the chlorination‐mediated intermolecular forces. The results disclose that π–π stacking will lower fluorescence quantum yield but significantly benefit the photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficiency. Accordingly, an asymmetrically substituted derivative (BTIC‐δOH‐2Cl) is developed, which shows balanced phototheranostic properties with excellent PDT efficiency (14.6 folds of ICG) and high NIR‐II fluorescence yield (2.27%). It proves the validity of the end‐group strategy on controlling the π–π interactions and rational tuning the performance of NIR‐II organic phototheranostic agents.
Perspective in Textile Energy Storage Integrated Textile Elements: Textile Materials, Structure, and Manufactured Methods
Authors: Zhang Tianyun , Wu Jiaojiao , Wang Yanci , Zhang Lirong , Ran Fen
Published: December 2023

Designing textile‐based energy storage with both high electrochemical performance and available textile performance is crucial for developing smart textile. In this perspective, the concept of textile‐based energy storage and the viewpoint of balancing electrochemical performance and textile performance is proposed, which is paramount to establish high‐energy‐power density textile‐based energy storage devices; some key challenges are discussed in order to provide a framework on how textile materials and structures are employed in textile energy storage research; it further compiles and generalizes current findings in the fiber, yarn, and fabric‐type components/devices area and preliminary work in the manufactured and programmed textile‐based energy storage. The objective here is to establish a set of practical principles for commercial textile energy storage from textile perspective and describe in detail the scientific and technological breakthroughs that are shaping in energy storage area.
Growth, body composition, and endocrine‐metabolic profiles of individuals with Kleefstra syndrome provide directions for clinical management and translational studies
Authors: Bouman Arianne , Geelen Joyce M. , Kummeling Joost , Schenck Annette , van der Zwan Yvonne G. , Klein Willemijn M. , Kleefstra Tjitske
Published: December 2023

Mendelian neurodevelopmental disorders caused by variants in genes encoding chromatin modification can be categorized as Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery (MDEMs). These disorders have significant overlap in molecular pathways and phenotypes including intellectual disability, short stature, and obesity. Among the MDEMs is Kleefstra syndrome (KLFS), which is caused by haploinsufficiency of EHMT1. Preclinical studies have identified metabolic dysregulation and obesity in KLFS models, but proper clinical translation lacks. In this study, we aim to delineate growth, body composition, and endocrine‐metabolic characteristics in a total of 62 individuals with KLFS. Our results revealed a high prevalence of childhood‐onset overweight/obesity (60%; 28/47) with disproportionately high body fat percentage, which aligns perfectly with previous preclinical studies. Short stature was common (33%), likely due to advanced skeletal maturation. Endocrine‐metabolic investigations showed thyroid dysregulation (22%; 9/41), elevated triglycerides, and decreased blood ammonia levels. Moreover, hand radiographs identified decreased bone mineralization (57%; 8/14) and negative ulnar variance (71%; 10/14). Our findings indicate a high (cardio)metabolic risk in KLFS. Therefore, we recommend monitoring of weight and endocrine‐metabolic profile. Supporting a healthy lifestyle and screening of bone mineralization is advised. Our comprehensive results support translational research and contribute to a better understanding of MDEM‐associated phenotypes.
Genetic mutation of Tas2r104/Tas2r105/Tas2r114 cluster leads to a loss of taste perception to denatonium benzoate and cucurbitacin B
Authors: Niu Bowen , Liu Lingling , Gao Qian , Zhu Meng‐Min , Chen Lixiang , Peng Xiu‐Hua , Qin Boying , Zhou Xiaohui , Li Feng
Published: December 2023

Background

Bitter taste receptors (Tas2rs) are generally considered to sense various bitter compounds to escape the intake of toxic substances. Bitter taste receptors have been found to widely express in extraoral tissues and have important physiological functions outside the gustatory system in vivo.

Methods

To investigate the physiological functions of the bitter taste receptor cluster Tas2r106/Tas2r104/Tas2r105/Tas2r114 in lingual and extraoral tissues, multiple Tas2rs mutant mice and Gnat3 were produced using CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐editing technique. A mixture containing Cas9 and sgRNA mRNAs for Tas2rs and Gnat3 gene was microinjected into the cytoplasm of the zygotes. Then, T7EN1 assays and sequencing were used to screen genetic mutation at the target sites in founder mice. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and immunostaining were used to study the expression level of taste signaling cascade and bitter taste receptor in taste buds. Perception to taste substance was also studied using two‐bottle preference tests.

Results

We successfully produced several Tas2rs and Gnat3 mutant mice using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Immunostaining results showed that the expression of GNAT3 and PLCB2 was not altered in Tas2rs mutant mice. But qRT‐PCR results revealed the changed expression profile of mTas2rs gene in taste buds of these mutant mice. With two‐bottle preference tests, these mutant mice eliminate responses to cycloheximide due to genetic mutation of Tas2r105. In addition, these mutant mice showed a loss of taste perception to quinine dihydrochloride, denatonium benzoate, and cucurbitacin B (CuB). Gnat3‐mediated taste receptor and its signal pathway contribute to CuB perception.

Conclusions

These findings implied that these mutant mice would be a valuable means to understand the biological functions of TAS2Rs in extraoral tissues and investigate bitter compound–induced responses mediated by these TAS2Rs in many extraoral tissues.
Defining the stimulus in stimulus–response interventions: On the need to embrace theory and organism in stimulus–organism–response
Authors: Brendl C. Miguel , Sweldens Steven
Published: December 2023

We comment on a proposal in the target article that draws on “behaviorism” for developing interventions geared at attenuating negative consumer behaviors. One interpretation of this proposal emphasizes the influence of stimuli (S) on responses (R) and de‐emphasizes intervening mental processes. We contrast this S–R perspective with an S–O–R perspective that embraces O, the organism (in our context, the consumer) and in doing so attempts to explain and then leverage S–R relations. We discuss in detail that without an organism‐ and theory‐centered perspective of S–R relations, it is difficult to identify relevant stimuli and predict patterns of behavior in new contexts. We illustrate in more depth using Janiszewski and Laran's example of aiding an individual suffering from depression how this theory‐ and organism‐centered perspective can improve possible intervention strategies.
Trafficking through the blood–brain barrier is directed by core and outer surface components of layer‐by‐layer nanoparticles
Authors: Lamson Nicholas G. , Pickering Andrew J. , Wyckoff Jeffrey , Ganesh Priya , Calle Elizabeth A. , Straehla Joelle P. , Hammond Paula T.
Published: December 2023

Drug‐carrying nanoparticles are a promising strategy to deliver therapeutics into the brain, but their translation requires better characterization of interactions between nanomaterials and endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Here, we use a library of 18 layer‐by‐layer electrostatically assembled nanoparticles (NPs) to independently assess the impact of NP core and surface materials on in vitro uptake, transport, and intracellular trafficking in brain endothelial cells. We demonstrate that NP core stiffness determines the magnitude of transport, while surface chemistry directs intracellular trafficking. Finally, we demonstrate that these factors similarly dictate in vivo BBB transport using intravital imaging through cranial windows in mice. We identify that hyaluronic acid surface chemistry increases transport across the BBB in vivo, and flow conditions are necessary to replicate this finding in vitro. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of assay geometry, cell biology, and fluid flow in developing nanocarriers for delivery to the brain.
Exploring Astrodaucus orientalis (L.) Drude: Phytochemical Analysis and its Biological Potential Against Alzheimer's and Diabetes
Authors: Yuca Hafize , Aydin Bilge , Karakaya Songul , Goger Gamze , Bingöl Zeynebe , Civas Ayşe , Koca Mehmet , Demirci Betül , Sytar Oksana , Gulcin Ilhami , Guvenalp Zuhal
Published: December 2023

In current study antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase, and human carbonic anhydrase I, and II (hCA I and II) isoenzymes inhibition activities of Astrodaucus orientalis different parts were investigated. Achetylcholinesterse (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterse (BChE) inhibitory activities of octyl acetate were determined via molecular docking. Quantitative assessment of specific secondary metabolites was conducted using LC‐MS/MS. An examination of chemical composition of essential oils was carried out by GC‐MS/MS. A thorough exploration of plant‘s anatomical characteristics was undertaken. The highest phenolics level and DPPH antioxidant capacity were seen in root and fruit. Fruit essential oil demonstrated the highest AChE inhibition (44.13±3.61 %), while root dichloromethane sub‐extract had the best inhibition towards BChE (86.13±2.58 %). Cytosolic hCA I, and II isoenzymes were influentially inhibited by root oil with 1.974 and 2.207 μM IC50 values, respectively. The most effective extracts were found to be root all extract/sub‐extracts (except water) against C. tropicalis and C. krusei strains with MIC value 160>μg/mL. Sabinene (29.4 %), α‐pinene (20.2 %); octyl acetate (54.3 %); myrcene (28.0 %); octyl octanoate (71.3 %) were found principal components of aerial parts, roots, flowers, and fruits, respectively. Flower essential oil, fruit dicloromethane and ethyl acetate exhibited potent α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity with 900, 40, and 937 μg/mL IC50 values, respectively.
Pyrrole βC−B−N Fused Porphyrins: Molecular Structures and Opto‐Electrochemical Studies
Authors: Nandi Rajendra Prasad , Chandra Brijesh , Ghosh Subhajit , Sarma Siddhartha P. , Geremia Silvano , Hickey Neal , Thilagar Pakkirisamy
Published: December 2023

Herein, we report the design, synthesis, structure, and electrochemical study of doubly βC−B−N fused Ni(II) porphyrins (1‐trans, 1‐cis, 2‐trans, and 2‐cis). These compounds have been synthesized from A2B2 type dipyridyl Ni(II) porphyrins (Ar=Ph for 1 a; Ar=C6F5 for 2 a) via Lewis base‐directed electrophilic aromatic borylation reactions. The solution state structures of these compounds have been established using 1H NMR, 11B NMR, 1H‐1H COSY, 1H‐13C HSQC, and 19F‐13C HSQC NMR techniques. Single crystal X‐ray analysis have revealed that 1‐trans, 1‐cis, and 2‐trans adopt ruffled conformations, with alternate meso‐carbons on the opposite sides of the mean porphyrin plane. The Soret bands in the absorption spectra of the B−N fused molecules are ~40 nm redshifted compared to unfused Ni(II) porphyrin precursors. The B−N fusion have diminished the redox potential of fused porphyrins. Although 1‐trans and 1‐cis, show four oxidation processes, 2‐trans and 2‐cis show only three oxidation processes. DFT studies have revealed that the tetrahedral geometry of the boron has induced a twist in the π‐conjugation, which destabilizes the HOMO and stabilizes the LUMO in 1‐trans, 1‐cis, 2‐trans, and 2‐cis.
Traffic offloading for postdisaster rescue in UAV‐assisted networks: A coalition formation game approach
Authors: Qiu Wanyu , Huang Chuanhe , Li Zhengfa , Ashraf M. Wasim Abbas , Wang Danxin
Published: December 2023

In postdisaster rescue scenario, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are effective tools to help ground users in disaster areas to transmit rescue‐critical data to the relief center in time due to their flexible mobilities and fast deployment. However, how UAVs choose disaster areas to take part in traffic offloading with limited bandwidth resources is challenging. This article investigates UAVs' access selection and disaster areas' bandwidth allocation scheme by jointly optimizing network throughput, bandwidth and UAVs' energy cost. The UAVs form coalitions to participate in traffic offloading cooperatively, where each UAV selects a disaster area independently. Specifically, the bandwidth resources are dynamically allocated to all disaster areas when a new coalition partition forms. The UAVs adjust their access choices for disaster areas when the bandwidth allocation changes. When no UAVs migrate to other disaster areas, the network achieves a stable state. The UAVs fly to the final selected disaster area and provide traffic offloading services. To resolve traffic offloading competitions yet enable cooperations among UAVs, we address the UAVs' access selection issue by coalition formation game. A gradient projection method is then proposed to allocate bandwidth resources which maximizes the benefit of the network. We demonstrate that the UAVs' access selection and disaster areas' bandwidth allocation algorithms are convergent. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed cooperation order is better than the pareto and selfish orders, thereby increasing the benefit of the network.
Behavioral Motor Performance
Authors: Leib Raz , Howard Ian S. , Millard Matthew , Franklin David W.
Published: December 2023

The human sensorimotor control system has exceptional abilities to perform skillful actions. We easily switch between strenuous tasks that involve brute force, such as lifting a heavy sewing machine, and delicate movements such as threading a needle in the same machine. Using a structure with different control architectures, the motor system is capable of updating its ability to perform through our daily interaction with the fluctuating environment. However, there are issues that make this a difficult computational problem for the brain to solve. The brain needs to control a nonlinear, nonstationary neuromuscular system, with redundant and occasionally undesired degrees of freedom, in an uncertain environment using a body in which information transmission is subject to delays and noise. To gain insight into the mechanisms of motor control, here we survey movement laws and invariances that shape our everyday motion. We then examine the major solutions to each of these problems in the three parts of the sensorimotor control system, sensing, planning, and acting. We focus on how the sensory system, the control architectures, and the structure and operation of the muscles serve as complementary mechanisms to overcome deviations and disturbances to motor behavior and give rise to skillful motor performance. We conclude with possible future research directions based on suggested links between the operation of the sensorimotor system across the movement stages. © 2024 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol14:5179‐5224, 2024.
Streamflow responses to forest and climate change in the boreal Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeastern China
Authors: Yu Zhengxiang , Hallema Dennis W. , Cai Tijiu
Published: December 2023

Boreal forests cover vast stretches of land across all continents and represent a principal source area of clean water in the northern hemisphere. Increasingly, studies are conducted on the impact of changes in boreal forest cover on water yield; however, much remains unknown concerning the effects of forest structure changes on stream discharge over the course of multi‐decadal forest harvest cycles. In this study, we analysed long‐term hydrometeorological and forest dynamics data spanning from 1990 to 2016 from a typical boreal forest watershed in the Da Hinggan Mountains in northern China. Our objective was to quantify how changes in forest age and tree species composition affect mean annual streamflow and flow regimes in the context of a changing climate. To distinguish the effects of forest and climate changes on annual streamflow from one another, we employed a combination of a sensitivity‐based method and a temporal trend analysis. Further, we evaluated the impact of forest changes on flow regimes using four indicators: magnitude, duration, frequency, and variability. The results indicated that mean annual streamflow increased by 55.8 mm, with forest changes contributing +61.4 mm compared to −5.6 mm due to climate change (negative effect). This increase occurred when approximately 20% of mature coniferous forests transitioned to mid‐age broad‐leaved forests, accompanied by a 10% increase in total stock volume during the later period. Finally, the effect of changes in forest structure on flow regime were not significant. Our results underscore that variations in forest structure affect streamflow differently depending on stand age and species proportions. Therefore, dynamic forest structure management can benefit not only carbon sequestration but also water supply capacity in boreal forested watersheds.
Exercise catheterization in adults post‐Fontan with normal and abnormal haemodynamic criteria: Insights into normal Fontan physiology
Authors: Miranda William R. , Jain C. Charles , Borlaug Barry A. , Connolly Heidi M. , Burchill Luke J. , Van De Bruaene Alexander , Egbe Alexander C.
Published: December 2023

Aim

The normal (i.e. expected) haemodynamics in adults post‐Fontan remain poorly delineated. Moreover, the definitions of elevated exercise pulmonary artery (PA) and PA wedge pressure (PAWP) for this population have not been described.

Methods and results

Seventy‐two adults post‐Fontan undergoing exercise catheterization were categorized into abnormal (Group I, n = 59; defined as resting mean PA ≥14 mmHg and/or PAWP ≥12 mmHg, ΔPAWP/Δsystemic flow [Qs] >2 mmHg/L/min, and/or ΔPA/Δpulmonary flow >3 mmHg/L/min) and normal (Group II, n = 13) haemodynamics. Thirty‐nine patients with non‐cardiac dyspnoea (NCD) were included as controls. There was no difference in exercise arterial oxygen saturation (87% [81–92] vs. 89% [85–93], p = 0.29), while exercise PA pressure (27 [23–31] vs. 16 [14.5–19.5] mmHg, p < 0.001) and PAWP were higher (21 [18–28] vs. 12 [8–14] mmHg, p < 0.001) in Group I. At peak exercise, Group I had lower heart rate (97 [81–120] vs. 133 [112.5–147.5] bpm, p < 0.001) and Qs response (67.3 [43.8–93.1] vs. 105.9 (82–118.5) % predicted, p < 0.001) than Group II. Exercise superior vena cava pressures were higher (16 [14–22.5] vs. 5.5 [3–7.3] mmHg, p < 0.001) and arterial oxygen saturation lower (89% [85–93] vs. 97% [96–98], p < 0.001) in Group II compared to NCD, while no differences in PAWP, stroke volume index, heart rate, or Qs response were seen. If defined as two standard deviations above mean values for Group II, elevated PAWP and mean PA pressure post‐Fontan would correspond to 20.6 mmHg and 25.8 mmHg, respectively.

Conclusion

PAWP >20 mmHg and mean PA pressure >25 mmHg could be used to define elevated values during exercise in adults post‐Fontan. The major discrepancy in exercise haemodynamics among Group II compared to controls appears to be the degree of systemic venous hypertension and arterial desaturation.
A comparative study on porous activated carbon derived from waste biomass with varying oxygen functionalities as supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Atika  , Dutta R. K.
Published: December 2023

Activated carbon derived from biomasses with different oxygen‐bearing chemical constituents has been explored as supercapacitor electrode. The rice straw (RS) and eucalyptus wood biomasses were selected owing to their contrasting composition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents. The activated carbons of these biomasses are obtained by pyrolysis at 550°C followed by thermal activation (700°C) after treatment with optimized KOH. The specific capacitance of RS‐based activated carbon (ACRS‐700), measured from galvanostatic charging‐discharging studies at 0.5 A g−1, is much higher (eg, 365 F g−1) than that of ACEW‐700 (168 F g−1). The higher specific capacitance of ACRS‐700 is attributable to: (i) significantly higher surface area (3345 m2 g−1) comprising of interconnected micro‐ and mesoporous structure; (ii) porosity of about 2.0 cm3/g; and (iii) oxygen‐rich hemicellulose contents. The possible charge storage mechanism in ACRS‐700 has been discussed. The real‐time application of ACRS‐700 has been demonstrated by lighting up red LEDs using ACRS‐700//ACRS‐700 symmetric supercapacitor device, operated with aqueous and freshly synthesized [Bu4N+][NO3−] ionic liquid as electrolytes. The maximum energy density (42.7 Wh kg−1) and the power density (1.9 kW kg−1) for ionic liquid electrolyte are favourable for supercapacitor applications.
Bioinspired radiative cooling coating with high emittance and robust self‐cleaning for sustainably efficient heat dissipation
Authors: Li Yong , Song Yingnan , Zu Hongye , Zhang Feilong , Yang Hui , Dai Wei , Meng Jingxin , Jiang Lei
Published: December 2023

To overcome the overheating phenomena of electronic devices and energy components, developing advanced energy‐free cooling coatings with promising radiative property seem an effective and energy‐saving way. However, the further application of these coatings is greatly limited by their sustainability because of their fragile and easy contamination. Herein, it is reported that a bioinspired radiative cooling coating (BRCC) displayed sustainably efficient heat dissipation by the combination of high emittance and robust self‐cleaning property. With the hierarchical porous structure constructed by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), modified SiO2 and fluorosilicone (FSi) resin, the involvement of the BRCC improves the cooling performance by increasing ≈25% total heat transfer coefficient. During the abrasion and soiling tests, the BRCC‐coated Al alloy heat sink always displays stable radiative cooling performance. Moreover, the simulation and experimental results both revealed that reducing surface coverage of BRCC (≈80.9%) can still keep highly cooling efficiency, leading to a cost‐effective avenue. Therefore, this study may guide the design and fabrication of advanced radiative cooling coating.
A data‐driven assessment of mobile operator service quality in Ghana
Authors: Choi Bong Jun , Brown Suzana , Komey Nii Ayitey
Published: December 2023

The rapid proliferation of mobile services has increased the need for data‐driven oversight of service quality, yet deriving insights from regulator‐collected datasets remains challenging. This study demonstrates techniques to tap the rich potential of drive test measurement data for analytical regulatory and policy decision‐making. Focusing on leading operator MTN in Ghana, we analyzed 4 years of drive test data supplied by the telecom regulator for the capital city of Accra. Three key performance indicators were evaluated—coverage, call setup time, and speech quality. We assessed service quality trends through statistical summaries, data visualization, and machine learning modeling and predicted speech quality scores. Our analysis revealed deteriorating performance post‐2019 and found that the light gradient boosting machine algorithm provided the highest accuracy predictions of speech quality. Overall, this work showcases how regulators can capitalize on vast datasets using big data mining techniques to evaluate network conditions over time and geography, enhancing field measurements for oversight. Our approach and techniques provide a template for evidence‐based policy‐making to uphold consumer service quality as mobile networks evolve.
C/EBPα alleviates hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress via HDAC1‐mediated deacetylation of ATF4
Authors: Li Rong , Yang Longbao , Li Shunle , Chen Shuo , Ren Yifan , Shen Lin , Dong Lei , Chen Xi , Li Junhui , Xu Meng
Published: December 2023

Hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury is a complex systemic process causing a series clinical problem. C/EBPα is a key transcription factor for hepatocyte function, but its role and mechanism in regulating hepatic IR injury are largely unknown. Occluding portal vein and hepatic artery was used to establish a mouse model of hepatic IR injury. C/EBPα expression was decreased in IR‐injured liver compared with the sham, accompanied by increased contents of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), high mobility group box‐1, and proportion of hepatic cells. Oxygen and glucose deprivation/recovery (OGD/R) was used to establish a cellular hepatic IR model in WRL‐68 hepatocytes in vitro, and C/EBPα was overexpressed in the hepatocytes to evaluate its effect on hepatic IR injury. OGD/R promoted oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in hepatocytes, which was reversed by C/EBPα overexpression. Then, we found that C/EBPα promoted histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) transcription through binding to HDAC1 promoter. Moreover, HDAC1 deacetylated the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a key positive regulator of ER stress. Trichostatin‐A (an HDAC inhibitor) or ATF4 overexpression reversed the improvement of C/EBPα on OGD/R‐induced ER stress and hepatocyte dysfunction. 4‐Phenylbutyric acid (an endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor) also reversed the hepatic IR injury induced by ATF4 overexpression. Finally, lentivirus‐mediated C/EBPα overexpression vector was applied to administrate hepatic IR mice, and the results showed that C/EBPα overexpression ameliorated IR‐induced hepatic injury, manifesting with reduced ALT/AST, oxidative stress and ER stress. Altogether, our findings suggested that C/EBPα ameliorated hepatic IR injury by inhibiting ER stress via HDAC1‐mediated deacetylation of ATF4 promoter.