bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Arctic Traits Database – A repository of arctic benthic invertebrate traits
Authors: Degen Renate , Faulwetter Sarah
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The recently increased interest in marine trait-based studies highlights one general demand – the access to standardized, reference-based trait information. This demand holds especially true for polar regions, where the gathering of ecological information is still challenging. The Arctic Traits Database is a freely accessible online repository (https://doi.org/10.25365/phaidra.49; http://https://www.univie.ac.at/arctictraits) that fulfils these requests for one important component of polar marine life, the Arctic benthic macroinvertebrates. It accounts for 1) obligate traceability of information (every entry is linked to at least one source), 2) exchangeability among trait platforms (use of most common download formats), 3) standardization (use of most common terminology and coding scheme), and 4) user friendliness (granted by an intuitive web-interface and rapid and easy download options). The combination of these aspects makes the Arctic Traits Database the currently most sophisticated online accessible trait platform in (not only) marine ecology and a role-model for prospective databases of other marine compartments or other (also non-marine) ecosystems. At present the database covers 20 traits (85 trait categories) and holds altogether 8107 trait entries for 1211 macro- and megabenthic taxa. Thus, the Arctic Traits Database will foster and facilitate trait-based approaches in polar regions in the future and increase our ecological understanding of this rapidly changing system.
Study on the large-displacement behaviour of a spiral spring with variations of cross-section, orthotropy and prestress
Authors: Radaelli Giuseppe , Herder Just L.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. This work is dedicated to the study of the large-displacement behaviour of a
spiral spring. Parameters that influence the local torsion stiffness of the
beam that constitutes the spiral are varied and their effect is studied.
Cross-sectional shape, orthotropic material orientation and prestress are the
three classes of parameters that are varied. The effect that the local change
in torsional stiffness has on the overall behaviour is illustrated in a
linearised way by comparing in-plane and out-of-plane stiffnesses, and
nonlinearly, by inspecting a graphical representation of the potential energy
field of the system. Several embodiments composed of multiple spirals are
showed to illustrate how the understanding of the nonlinear behaviour could
be exploited in conceptual design of compliant mechanisms.
Lyapunov analysis of multiscale dynamics: The slow manifold of the two-scale Lorenz '96 model
Authors: Carlu Mallory , Ginelli Francesco , Lucarini Valerio , Politi Antonio
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We investigate the geometrical structure of instabilities in the two-scales Lorenz '96 model through the prism of Lyapunov analysis. Our detailed study of the full spectrum of covariant Lyapunov vectors reveals the presence of a slow manifold in tangent space, composed by a set of vectors with a significant projection on the slow degrees of freedom; they correspond to the smallest (in absolute sense) Lyapunov exponents and thereby to the longer time scales. We show that the dimension of this manifold is extensive in the number of both slow and fast degrees of freedom, and discuss its relationship with the results of a finite-size analysis of instabilities, supporting the conjecture that the slow-variable behavior is effectively determined by a non-trivial subset of degrees of freedom. More precisely, we show that the slow manifold corresponds to the Lyapunov spectrum region where fast and slow instability rates overlap, mixing their evolution into a set of vectors which simultaneously carry information on both scales. We suggest these results may pave the way for future applications to ensemble forecasting and data assimilation in weather and climate models.
Does the wind turbine wake follow the topography? A multi-lidar study in complex terrain
Authors: Menke Robert , Vasiljević Nikola , Hansen Kurt S. , Hahmann Andrea N. , Mann Jakob
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The wake of a single wind turbine in complex terrain is analysed using
measurements from lidars. A particular focus of this analysis is the wake
deficit and propagation. Six scanning lidars (three short-range and three
long-range WindScanners) were deployed during the Perdigão 2015
measurement campaign, which took place at a double-ridge site in Portugal.
Several scanning scenarios, including triple- and dual-Doppler scans, were
designed to capture the wind turbine wake of a 2 MW turbine located
on one of the ridges. Different wake displacements are categorized according
to the time of the day. The results show a strong dependence of the vertical
wake propagation on the atmospheric stability. When an atmospheric wave is
observed under stable conditions, the wake follows the terrain down the ridge
with a maximum inclination of -28∘. During unstable conditions, the
wake is advected upwards by up to 29∘ above the horizontal plane.
Identifying appropriate land-use mix measures for use in a national walkability index
Authors: Mavoa Suzanne , Eagleson Serryn , Badland Hannah M , Gunn Lucy , Boulange Claire , Stewart Joshua , Giles-Corti Billie
Published: October 2018

Walkability indices can guide planning and policy for more sustainable and liveble cities. Land-use mix is an important component of walkability that can be measured in a number of ways. Many land-use mix measures require fine-scaled land-use data that are not always available, especially when analyzing walkability across larger geographic extents.
This study investigated the feasibility of calculating a national walkability index in Australia, using metropolitan Melbourne as a case study. The study focused on the dual challenges of selecting an appropriate measure of land-use mix and identifying an appropriate land-use data source.
We calculated an entropy land-use mix measure with three different Australian land-use datasets. Our comparison of the resulting land-use mix measures highlighted the differences in the land-use datasets and led to our conclusion that none of the three land-use datasets was appropriate for use in a national land-use mix measure. Therefore, we also developed two new exploratory “intensity” measures of land use — daily living and local living — that were able to be calculated nationally with readily available data. Modelled associations with transport walking and comparisons with the entropy land-use mix measures indicate that these new measures were appropriate for assessing national land use in a national walkability index.
Metáforas del amor en la poesía de la Grecia antigua (II): De la tragedia ática a la poesía helenística
Authors: Hualde Pascual Pilar
Published: October 2018

Partiendo del concepto de metáfora cognitiva, que complementa al más conocido de metáfora literaria, y analizando la base conceptual que a ambas subyace, pretendemos un cuidadoso análisis de los textos griegos, sin olvidar la importancia fundamental del contexto cultural en que estos surgen, para obtener una mejor comprensión de la forma en que se conceptualizaba el sentimiento amoroso en la Grecia antigua. En este caso nos centramos en una selección de textos de tragedia ática y poesía helenística
El complejo mundo de la retórica mágica: una mirada más allá de la coacción
Authors: Blanco Cesteros Miriam
Published: October 2018

En la religión greco-romana, los dioses podían escuchar o no la plegaria, acudir o no al ritual, pero generalmente su colaboración estaba garantizada si el ritual se realizaba correctamente, libre de impurezas que lo invalidaran y los dioses eran apropiadamente invocados. Sin embargo, en el contexto de la práctica mágica, donde el agente ritual –el mago o la persona que realiza el rito mágico– actuaba movido por intereses egoístas fuera de un contexto religiosamente sancionado, la colaboración divina no estaba garantizada. Entonces, ¿cómo se lograba esta? En este artículo mi propósito es realizar un elenco de los recursos retóricos y estrategias persuasivas utilizadas en el diálogo con los dioses por los practicantes de magia con el fin de ilustrar el rico abanico de procedimientos empleados en el lógos mágico para lograr el apoyo divino.
Awareness of diabetes in the population of Greenland
Authors: Pedersen Michael Lynge
Published: October 2018

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) may develop slowly with few symptoms and may remain undetected for many years, leading to severe complications that potentially could have been prevented with timely diagnosis and treatment. Undiagnosed diabetes has been reported high in Greenland. However, awareness and knowledges about diabetes in the general population remains unexplored.Methods: This study was performed as an observational cross sectional study based on telephone interview among a random sample of Greenlanders. The interview was performed in Greenlandic or Danish according to participant’ preference and included information about age, gender, place of birth, place of residence, medical history of diabetes, awareness of the diabetes, risk factors, symptoms, complications, and local possibilities to get tested for diabetes.Results: In total, telephone contact was established with 196 adults. Of those, 161 participants completed the interview while 35 were unwilling to participate in the interview corresponding to a response rate of 82% (161/196). The majority of responders, 85.7%, were aware of diabetes and local testing possibilities. However, only around 65% were aware of risk factors of diabetes. Also, the knowledge about common symptoms of diabetes was quite low, around 50%, and in particular low, around 40%, among males and inhabitants in settlements.Conclusions: The vast majority of the population was aware of diabetes. However, the present study revealed shortage of knowledge of common risk factors, symptoms, and complications to diabetes. This is challenging the effort to prevent diabetes and new alternative information strategies are needed. Furthermore, the shortage of knowledges of risk factors may not be isolated to diabetes and further studies on health literacy in Greenland are recommended.
Resistance to monepantel in multiresistant gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep flocks in Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Mallmann Júnior Pedro Marino , Raimondo Raquel Fraga e Silva , Rivero Beatriz Riet Correa , Jacondino Luiza Rodegheri , Gonçalves Andressa Silveira , Silveira Brenda Oliveira , Oberst Eneder Rosana
Published: October 2018

The excessive, indiscriminate, and continued use of anthelmintic drugs as control methods favors parasite resistance, and this phenomenon has been reported in Brazil and worldwide. The current status of parasite resistance to anthelmintic drugs in sheep flocks in Rio Grande do Sul was assessed by calculating the EPG count in the stool to estimate the prevalence of resistance to the anthelmintic drugs closantel, levamisole, fenbendazole, monepantel, and moxidectin in seven properties. The animals from each flock were randomly distributed in six groups according to the anthelminthic drug used, as follows: T1, levamisole; T2, fenbendazole; T3, monepantel; T4, moxidectin; T5, closantel; and T6, control. On day zero, fecal samples were collected, and each animal was treated with one anthelminthic drug. Fecal samples were collected again after 14 days to calculate the efficacy of each active principle. Coproculture was performed using a pool of fecal samples from each group on day 0 and 14 to identify the predominant genera and prevalence of helminths. The genera identified in the coprocultures were Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum, and Teladorsagia. All flocks developed resistance to levamisole, fenbendazole, moxidectin, and closantel. Moreover, resistance to monepantel was found in four of the seven farms. These results demonstrate the critical situation of anthelmintic resistance in sheep flocks in Rio Grande do Sul and the need to adopt other integrated control measures in addition to anthelmintic treatment.
Production and quality of Tifton 85 pastures overseeded with black oat: effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Farias Filho João De Assis , Paula Fabiana Luiza Matielo de , Paula Adalberto Luiz de , Paris Wagner , Ghinzelli Fabrício , Arend Gustavo Henrique , Menezes Luis Fernando Glasenapp de
Published: October 2018

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the bromatological quality, forage production, and botanical and structural composition of Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.) pastures overseeded with black oat (Avena strigosa). Four treatments were evaluated in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme (irrigated and non-irrigated × fertilized and non-fertilized), with three replicates, in a completely randomized design. In irrigated paddocks, the irrigation system was activated when the soil matric potential reached a value equal to, or higher than, 10 kPa and 135 kg N ha-1 was applied to fertilized paddocks, divided into four applications. The forage mass pre- and post-grazing, total forage production, and the botanical, structural, and bromatological composition of the pastures were evaluated. No interaction was observed between the irrigation and nitrogen fertilization factors for any of the variables and no significant differences were observed in forage mass between pre- and post-grazing or in Tifton leaf and stem percentages. Nitrogen fertilization had a significant effect on forage production, which was 2626.41 kg dry matter (DM) ha-1 higher in fertilized pastures than in unfertilized pastures. In addition, fertilization resulted in a lower percentage of dead material (6.66%), higher percentage of oat leaves (30.84%), higher leaf:stem ratio (1:45), higher crude protein content (24.13%), lower levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (64.57%) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (32.86%), and higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (73.01%) than in unfertilized pastures. The use of irrigation did not influence total forage production, however, it resulted in pastures with lower NDF (65.97%) and ADF (33.54%), and higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (73.48%) than unirrigated pastures. Nitrogen fertilization produced improvements in pasture structure, associated with higher dry matter yield and bromatological quality, while irrigation only produced pastures with lower fiber content and greater digestibility.
Fermentation pattern of tropical grass haylage and digestibility compared to hay in equine diet
Authors: Costa Maria Lindomárcia Leonardo da , Rezende Adalgiza Souza Carneiro de , Fonseca Mayara Gonçalves , Lage Jéssica , Pimentel Patrícia Guimarães , Mizubuti Ivone Yurika , Freitas Guilherme Passos de , Moreira Guilherme Rocha , Lana Ângela Maria Quintão , Saliba Eloísa De Oliveira Simões
Published: October 2018

Hay production is the most common form of forage conservation methods for horse feeding. However, haylage can be an alternative to hay. The present research assessed the nutritional value of Tifton-85 haylage by fermentation pattern, bromatological composition, and apparent digestibility compared to hay in the diet of Quarter Horse mares. Haylage was prepared with 700.0 g of dry matter (DM) kg-1 added with a biological inoculum and was assessed at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days of production. At 14 days, the protein content had decreased from 192.0 to 173.2 g kg-1 DM. The opposite was found for ammoniacal nitrogen, which rose from 0.61 to 1.14 g kg-1 DM of total nitrogen. No differences were found for the variables NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, pH, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, whose values were 734.3, 316.5 and 416.9 g kg-1 DM, pH 5.47 and 0.06, 0.003, 0.03 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Lactic acid contents were higher after 28 days of haylage production, reaching 2.39 g kg-1 DM at the last assessment. The contents of aflatoxins, fumonisin, and zearalenone in the plant were similar to those in the haylage at 0.95 µg kg-1, 0.60 mg kg-1, and 0.71 µg kg-1, respectively. The digestibility assay showed an increase in protein digestibility in the diet with haylage (675.1 g kg-1 DM) compared to hay (579.1 g kg-1 DM) of the same grass. Haylage can potentially be used to feed horses and its use is recommended starting at 28 days of production.
Locally adapted brazilian sheep: a model of adaptation to Semiarid region
Authors: Leite Jacinara Hody Gurgel Morais , Asensio Luis Alberto Bermejo , Silva Wallace Sostene Tavares da , Silva Wilma Emanuela da , Chaves Dowglish Ferreira , Facó Olivardo , Costa Wirton Peixoto , Façanha Débora Andréa Evangelista
Published: October 2018

Well adapted animals are characterized by maintain homeostasis under natural conditions. The present study aimed to evaluate physiological and morphological responses, as well as identify the relationship between these parameters in order to maintain homoeothermic status, in the dry and rainy season. Measurements were taken from 383 Morada Nova hair ewes, under dry and rainy season. The studied variables included rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), coat thickness (CT), hair length (HL), hair diameter (HD) and hair density (D). Blood samples were collected for determining biochemical, erythrogam and hormone concentration. The evaluated blood parameters from the Morada Nova breed did not demonstrate any variation from the reference interval established for sheep, confirming its adaptability profile even under high radiation and air temperatures. Multivariate analyses were performed in order to determine relationship between morphological, biochemical, erythrocyte and hormonal traits in each season. Differences correlations were observed according to season of the year. In the dry season, the correlations were significant among RT, RR, Packed cell volume (PCV), thyroxine (T4), Glucose (GLU), CT, HL, Globulin (GLO) and Total Protein (TP), whereas in dry season the characteristics that showed greater correlation were Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), thyroid hormones, Creatinine, GLO, TP, PCV and GLU. In conclusion, Morada Nova ewes was able to maintain homeothermy, even in the most stressful environmental conditions. Their hematological, biochemical and hormonal profile were within the normal range for sheep, confirming the adaptability of this local breed to the Brazilian semiarid environment.
Intermittent elimination of Porcine Parvovirus 4 (PPV4) in naturally infected swine semen: first report
Authors: Castro Alessandra Marnie Martins Gomes de , Bersano Josete Garcia , Feijó Vanessa Aparecida , Ogata Renato Akio , Nara Julia Mitico , Oliveira João Edson Faria de , Oliveira † Roberto Carlos Vicente de , Baldisseri Junior Flavio Aparecido
Published: October 2018

Porcine parvovirus 4 (PPV4) has been reported in several countries and the high rate of concurrent PCV2 infection with PPV4 may trigger the “porcine circovirus disease” (PCVD). This has awakened the interest in how PPV4 virus behaves. The aim of this study was to show that, like other swine viruses, the elimination of PPV4 in semen is intermittent. The study was conducted in the Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Itapeva da Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios Regional (Apta Regional). Over a period of six months, four boars were monitored and the semen was collected every 10 days, totalizing 74 semen samples. Through PCR testing, PPV4 was detected in 32/74 (43.2%) semen samples. Three sequences of 284 nt, showed identity varying from 98.2% to 100%, confirming the detection of the virus in all boars. Semen volume and sperm motility did not indicate significant difference between PPV4 positive or negative semen samples (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the monthly distributions of positive and negative samples. This is the first study showing intermittent shedding of PPV4 in naturally infected boars. Absence of typical clinical signs and/or influence in semen quantity was also observed.
Characterization of family-owned dairy farms in the western amazon
Authors: Reis Eduardo Mitke Brandão , Lopes Marcos Aurélio , Demeu Fabiana Alves , Bruhn Fábio Raphael Pascotti , Lima André Luis Ribeiro , Benedicto Gideon Carvalho de , Pelegrini Djalma Ferreira
Published: October 2018

More than half of the milk in Brazil comes from family-owned dairy farms, which account for 84.4% of all dairy farms. Despite this, little is known about family-owned dairy farms, especially those in the western Amazon. As such, the objective of this study was to analyze and characterize the production, sanitary conditions, reproductive rates, and milk quantities produced on 100 family dairy farms in Vale do Acre, in the western Amazon. The data were collected from March to June 2016, using a semi-structured questionnaire containing 549 questions. The answers given by producers, as well as local observations were registered in SPSS® spreadsheets, and descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Results indicated low rates of productivity, low total milk production, and low quantities of milk/cow/day. The data also revealed sanitary and productive problems such as inadequate herd composition, lack of grouping of lactating cows, and short duration of lactation. In addition, not all heifers were immunized against brucellosis, and there was often an absence of water troughs. We concluded that it is necessary to improve the management of family-owned farms, and take technical assistance measures to correct weak points in dairy cow health and reproduction. Moreover, it is essential to improve productivity to raise the profitability of rural dairy farms.
Sustentabilidade ambiental e responsabilidade social na cadeia de moda Brasileira: uma proposta de aproveitamento de sobras de tecido
Authors: De Held Maria Silvia Barros , Sanches Regina , Coutinho Caroline Oliveira Pimentel , Ferreira Daniela Ester , Toshio Jonas Oji Wada , Hubner Paula , Araújo Yasmin
Published: October 2018

O presente artigo visa apresentar uma proposta para incorporar a sustentabilidade e responsabilidade social em uma empresa de produção de vestuário. Expõe a importância do tema em estudo, referências literárias sobre sustentabilidade e a cadeia de moda no Brasil. Propõe ainda um modelo coeso e eficaz para o aproveitamento de sobras dentro de uma indústria de confecção, usando a metodologia de projeto de produto de Bomfim (1975).
Model of Identification and Management of Technological Innovations in Product Development: A Case Study in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Endler Cristian Lucas , Andrade Júnior Pedro Paulo de
Published: October 2018

This article aims to propose a new model of technological innovations, as well as using it in a case study in the automotive industry. After an analysis of the main scientific databases, it was verified that the present work is unprecedented in presenting a unified model of identification and management of technological innovations. In methodological terms, the bibliometric and systemic analyzes were performed in order to identify the main technological innovations inherent in the automotive industry. In terms of research results, a cohesive innovation model was obtained, which, once based on the concepts of sensitive innovation and latent innovation, allows the identification and the consequent valuation of the economic potential of the main technological innovations in the area desired by the manager who will apply it. As an example, the model was applied specifically in the automotive sector, but its methodology can be generalized to any area of industrial production.
Canada’s Role in International Organizations, Trade Negotiations and Sanctions
Authors: Aliaj Kreshnik , Mekaj Genc
Published: October 2018

In this era where international regional integration and processes to promote globalization are at the forefront of political issues on the world stage, every region of the world, whether sovereign or non-sovereign, is seeking in this globalization mechanism to promote its interests, be they cultural, political or economic. At various levels, Canada, like other territories around the world, is trying to play its game well in this international context, as well as placing its pawns on the world stage. Canada is distinguished for a difficult relationship with the multilateral world, renounced by a number of international councils. The Government of Canada should be more cautious about complicated multilateral processes and should have a good review of all the organizations it is part of.
Annotatie bij het Gemeenschappelijk Hof van Justitie van Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten en van Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba 19 januari 2016, ECLI:NL:OGHACMB:2016:4 (X/ARUBUS)
Authors: Klik P.
Published: October 2018

Annotatie bij het Gemeenschappelijk Hof van Justitie van Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten en van Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba 19 januari 2016, ECLI:NL:OGHACMB:2016:4 (X/ARUBUS)

In dit vonnis van het Gemeenschappelijk Hof van Justitie gaat het kort gezegd om de vraag of de rechter alhier acht dient te slaan op behoorlijk in het geding gebrachte producties die in een andere taal dan de Nederlandse zijn gesteld. In casu ging het in een procedure over lichamelijk letsel om producties in de Spaanse taal.
Vallen camerabeelden van de wachtruimte en de toegangswegen tot het ziekenhuis binnen de reikwijdte van het (afgeleide) verschoningsrecht?
Authors: Bergsma L.J.
Published: October 2018

Vallen camerabeelden van de wachtruimte en de toegangswegen tot het ziekenhuis binnen de reikwijdte van het (afgeleide) verschoningsrecht?

In het arrest van de Hoge Raad van 10 april 2018 staat de vraag centraal of camerabeelden die zich op een in beslag genomen gegevensdrager bevinden binnen de reikwijdte van het verschoningsrecht (kunnen) vallen. Volgens de Hoge Raad kán dit inderdaad het geval zijn.
Over het begrip ‘zwaar ongeval’ in het Brzo 2015 – en het opvallende gebrek aan rechtspraak hierover
Authors: Barensen J.
Published: October 2018

Over het begrip ‘zwaar ongeval’ in het Brzo 2015 – en het opvallende gebrek aan rechtspraak hierover

De auteur gaat in op de definitie van het begrip ‘zwaar ongeval’. Hij constateert dat de uitwerking van dit begrip in de rechtspraak nog weinig aandacht krijgt. Uit diverse rapporten kan worden opgemaakt dat zich in de praktijk weinig voorvallen voordoen die onder de noemer ‘zwaar ongeval’ vallen. Het is dus de vraag of eventuele gebreken in de naleving van het Brzo wel zo vaak kunnen leiden tot een zwaar ongeval. Dat wringt vooral in strafzaken, waar hoge eisen moeten worden gesteld aan het bewijs dat niet alle maatregelen zijn getroffen om te voorkomen dat een zwaar ongeval kan plaatsvinden.
Strafvervolging van belastingdelicten in de Caribische delen van het Koninkrijk: nieuwe ontwikkelingen
Authors: Demandt K.M.G. , Janssen P.C.
Published: October 2018

Strafvervolging van belastingdelicten in de Caribische delen van het Koninkrijk: nieuwe ontwikkelingen

In het voorjaar 2018 heeft het Gerecht in eerste aanleg van Sint Maarten een aantal belangwekkende uitspraken gedaan op het gebied van het fiscale strafrecht. Dit is de eerste keer dat in het Caribisch deel van het Koninkrijk een strafvervolging wordt ingesteld voor zuivere belastingfraude (zonder combinatie met een commuun delict). In de jurisprudentie wordt een nieuw uitgangspunt geformuleerd. In deze annotatie gaan wij in op de meest in het oog springende punten uit de acht uitspraken.
Van controle naar bestraffing; de cautie, het verzuim en hun gevolgen
Authors: Nan J.S.
Published: October 2018

Van controle naar bestraffing; de cautie, het verzuim en hun gevolgen

Bij het uitoefenen van controlebevoegdheden kan de controleur op zodanige onregelmatigheden stuiten, dat de verdenking ontstaat dat door de gecontroleerde een strafbaar feit is begaan. Veelal is de controleur ook (bijzonder) opsporingsambtenaar en aldus komen aan hem dan enerzijds verregaande bevoegdheden toe, maar anderzijds ook verantwoordelijkheden. De gecontroleerde moet er door zijn status van verdachte op worden gewezen dat deze niet tot antwoorden is verplicht. Dat geldt voor zowel het punitieve bestuursrecht als het strafrecht. Een verzuim dienaangaande leidt in beginsel tot bewijsuitsluiting van de afgelegde verklaring.
The identification and classification of endogenous retroviruses in the horse genome
Authors: E Batmagnai , Bongcam-Rudloff Erik , Kent Matthew Peter , Andersson Göran
Published: October 2018

Endogenous retroviruses (ervs) are sequences that derived from ancient retroviral infections of germ cells and integrated in humans, mammals and other vertebrates millions years ago. These ervs are inherited according to Mendelian expectations as all other genes in the genome. Coding sequences are flanked by two ltrs (long terminal repeat sequences). Most ervs are defective however some ervs still have open reading frames in their genome. These ervs settle close to functional genes or within the genes and can influence or control functions of the host genes using their ltrs. Most integration has deleterious effects. However some integration could be example of positive co-adaptation as syncitin. The first equine endogenous beta retrovirus which is ecerv-beta1 has been found in 2011 by Antoinette C.van der Kuyl1. The first known beta retrovirus and few pol gene similar to foamy retrovirus were only known endogenous retroviruses fixed in the domestic horse (equuscaballus) genome. Our aim of the study was to identify other endogenous retrovirus sequences in an equine genome and classify them into groups. Based on the high number of sines (equine repetitive element) in the horse genome we hypothesized that certain ervs will be located sufficiently close to sines that they will be amplified using an unbiased sine-pcr approach with degenerate primers. The nearest sine element was located 5.5 kbp upstream at the 5’of the ecerv-beta1. Pan-pol pcr was also used to find novel ervs based on 640 bp long region of pol gene which is the most conserved region of ervs. 27 complete and novel ervs that are 13 beta, 13 gamma, 1 spuma and 249 candidate endogenous retroviruses have been revealed using ltr_struc tool and double checked by retrotector online tool and ncbi-blast tool. It was proven that ecerv-beta1, which has 2 ltrs with 1% divergence between ltrs has a polymorphism among 13 different breeds.
The daily value of micronutrients in newly produced beef and horse concentrated bone broths
Authors: N Chimegee , D Dashmaa
Published: October 2018

Beef and horse marrow bones were used to produce the concentrated bone broth and the possibility to make a bone broth only with salt was assessed. Protein and mineral contents in horse broth were higher (p＜0.02; 1.92 and 2.3%, respectively) than in beef broth. Concentrions of calcium, magnesium and iron in beef bone broth (85.3, 46.7 and 23.3 mg/100g) were higher (p<0.05) than in horse broth (66.6, 10.0, and 12.3 respectively). Beef bone broth had more (p≤0.05) essential amino acids than in horse broth. The daily value of total essential amino acids of 100g concentrated beef and horse bone broths were 38 and 27.4% respectively. While daily value of calcium 6.7-8.5%, magnesium 4.5-21.2% and iron was 6.8-12.9% respectively. Results showed that bone broth possess many health beneficial properties, such as being a good source of minerals and essential amino acids.
Zones of concentrated deformation (flower structures): field observations and modeling data
Authors: Leonov M. G. , Morozov Yu. A. , Stephanov Yu. P. , Bakeev R. A.
Published: October 2018

Our study was focused on narrow linear zones that penetrate to different depths the crust and have complex infrastructure. Rocks in such zones are more intensively tectonically altered in comparison with the background. ‘Flower structures’ and ‘zones of concentrated deformation’ (ZCD) are the terms to describe these zones. The field study results combined with the data of tectonophysical and computational modeling data and supplemented by the literature analysis gave grounds for the following conclusions. In the experiments, as well as in nature, ZCDs show similar and, in some cases, identical morphological and infrastructural features and have similar stages of their evolution. A ZCD is mainly a reflection of the transpression setting. Its formation is accompanied by 3D plastic shear flow of matter and dilatancy of the deformed volume. A ZCD may be associated with the development of the ‘basement – cover’ system. It may also occur due to the intra-cover tectogenesis that does not influence the basement. Locations of ZCDs are spatially regular and predetermine the tectonic divisibility of the crust and lithosphere.
On using the factor analysis to study the geodynamic processes of formation of the Greater Caucasus
Authors: Yakovlev F. L. , Gorbatov E. S.
Published: October 2018

The article describes the factor analysis procedure ensuring its correct usage for identifying the processes that cause formation of fold structures and the main layers of the continental crust in mobile belts. The proposed approach to this problem of geodynamics is specific: it aims at solving the inverse (rather than direct, which is common) problem of identifying the processes that led to the occurrence of a natural structure characterized by quantitative indicators varying within a certain range of values. The objectives of the study were to specify the number of main processes/factors, describe their nature and calculate their relative ‘loading’ values. The database included detailed structural profiles across the fold structure of the Greater Caucasus. A special method was applied to construct a balanced model of the sedimentary cover, considering ‘structural cells’ which are 5–7 km long along the profile. Each of the 78 ‘cells’ studied was characterized by six parameters: the depth of the basement top at three stages of development (pre-folded, post-folded, and post-mountain-building), the amount of shortening, the amplitude of neotectonic uplifting, and the difference between the depths of the basement at the first and final stages. The parameters, that are directly related to the evolution of the blocks of the continental crust in the study area, constituted the initial data array for the factor analysis. In the first step, the Kaiser criterion was used to determine the number of factors, and it was equal to two. This number was specified for the main study using the methods of principal components with rotation. Factor 1 (Isostasy) amounted to 46 % of loading value, with high loads of the parameter of the depth of the basement top at stages 1 and 3. Factor 2 (Shortening) amounted to 40 %, with high loads of the indicators of shortening values and the amplitude of neotectonic uplifting. Factor 1 is related to the process of ‘isostasy’: after folding and orogeny is complete, the basement top of the ‘structural cells’ tends to return to its depth which was obtained on the pre-folded stage. Factor 2 is related to the process of shortening of the structure. The Chiaur zone was chosen as an example to analyze the Alpine-type development of the structures using the isostatically balanced model. The analysis shows that this zone formed as the density of the crystalline crust gradually increased to the ‘mantle’ values. Geodynamic modeling still fails to properly take such transformations into account. In the discussion of the results, attention is drawn to the fact that the established process of ‘isostasy’ is natural, i.e. not pertaining only to a theoretical model. It is noted that a geodynamic model can be correctly constructed if it considers the impacts of both processes revealed in this study. The obtained results can be used for improving the geodynamic modeling of fold-thrust mobile belts.
Heliogeodynamics and seismicity in Pribaikalie
Authors: Levi K. G., , Miroshnichenko A. I. , Chechelnitsky V. V. , Ruzhnikov G. M.
Published: October 2018

The field of earthquake epicentres of Pribaikalie (Russia) is reconstructed from the data of historical and instrumental monitoring of earthquakes. The analysis shows that seismic events in the study area are distributed irregularly in space and time. The seismic process in Pribaikalie is investigated through the prism of seismic structures in the lithosphere; the irregular occurrence of seismic events in time is considered with reference to seismic weather and climate; and the causes of periodic activations of the seismic process are discovered in relation to the external effects on the Earth's physical fields from cosmic and solar processes. It is proposed to classify the seismic structures as specific geometric objects located in the lithosphere. Such objects are viewed as abstract structural elements. Some regular features are noted in the occurrence of seismic events. It is revealed that the seismic process in time shows a similarity with the course of hydrometeorological processes, which is reflected in the periodicity of elastic energy release, if only the change in the number of earthquakes (of different energy classes) in time is analysed by years. An evidently regular time pattern of seismically active periods suggests that the seismic process is influenced by some external factors. In this study, we apply the concepts of heliogeodynamics, space climate and weather to investigate such factors.
The 102–103° E geodivider in the modern lithosphere structure of Сentral Asia
Authors: Gatinsky Yu. G. , Prokhorova T. V. , Rundquist D. V.
Published: October 2018

A quasi-linear zone of noticeable geological and geophysical changes, which coincides approximately with 102–103° E meridians, is termed by the authors as “geodivider”. Active submeridional faults are observed predominantly along the zone and coincide with its strike. Seismicity is most intensive in the central part of this zone, from the Lake Baikal to the Three Rivers Region at the Sino-Myanmar frontier. Transects with deep seismic sections and energy dissipation graphs show most sharply increasing seismic energy amounts and hypocenter depths in the western part of the geodivider which delimits (in the first approximation) the Central Asian and East Asian transitional zones between the North Eurasian, Indian and Pacific lithosphere plates. The transpression tectonic regime dominates west of the geodivider under the influence of the Hindustan Indentor pressure, and the transtension regime prevails east of it due to the Pacific subduction slab submergence and continuation. The regime change coincides with an abrupt increase in the crust thickness – from 35–40 km to 45–70 km – west of the geodivider, as reflected in the geophysical fields and metallogenic characteristics of the crust. The direction ofP- andS-waves anisotropy together with the GPS data show decoupling layers of the crust and mantle in the southern part of the geodivider. According to our investigations, the 102–103° E geodivider is a regional geological-geophysical border that may be compared with the Tornquist Line, and, by its scale, with the Uralian and Appalachian fronts and some others large structures.
The recent tectonic stress field of the Amur region
Authors: Safonov D. A.
Published: October 2018

The Amur region (Priamurie) is located in the NE part of the Amur lithospheric plate and its surrounding territories. Seismic activity is moderate in Priamurie, and the regional earthquakes, including the strongest ones, occur mainly in three seismic belts: Stanovoi (the zone of influence of the eastern flank of the Stanovoi fault), Yankan-Tukuringra-Soktakhan (the eastern flank of the Mongolia-Okhotsk lineament), and Turan-Selemzhinsky (from the Lesser Khingan to the north). The Sakhalin Branch of FRC GS RAS Catalogue of focal mechanisms of 57 regional earthquakes provide the data for a more precise estimation of the parameters of the crustal stress state in the study area. The Cataclastic Analysis Method (CAM) developed by Yu.L. Rebetsky (stage 1) was used to estimate the orientations of the main axes of the stress tensor and the Lode – Nadai coefficient. The analysis shows that the Upper Priamurie is dominated by shearing and compression with shearing. The Amur plate moves relative to the Aldan-Stanovoi block along the South Tukuringra and North Tukuringa faults to the east. Vertical shearing is predominant along the Dzheltulak fault and the western segment of the North Tukuringra fault. The NNE-trending compression takes place in the area located east of the quiescence zone of the Dzhagda ridge. Along the Mongolia-Okhotsk fault system, near the Sea of Okhotsk, the direction of compression changes to the northward one. The tectonic stress field along the Tanlu fault zone is inhomogeneous and comprises the alternating zones of horizontal compression and stretching with varying directions of the main stress axes. To the east of the band characterized by the maximum seismic activity, compression changes its direction to the southeast- and eastward. Probably, the impact of the oceanic subduction on the northern part of the Japan-Korean block begins to manifest itself in this part of the Amur region. The tectonic stress field reconstructed from the seismological data is consistent with the measurements of the modern crustal movements. The results of our study can prove useful for clarifying the tectonics of the region.
Penser le codéveloppement : la dynamique franco-malienne
Authors: Kadje Danielle
Published: October 2018

Notre contribution se propose d’apporter des réponses induites par des
interrogations légitimes soulevées par l’émergence d’un concept novateur, le
codéveloppement. Le présent travail de recherche entend analyser plusieurs variables
révélatrices d’un État en mutations. Ainsi, penser l’action publique internationale
du codéveloppement sous le prisme des trajectoires franco-malienne implique de
relever ce qui en constitue l’essence (mise en sens) et les conditions d’existence
(mise en action). Il en résulte que cette Policy comme processus a des conséquences
intellectuelles et pratiques majeures qui induisent un autre modèle d’action
publique. Notre étude se pose en contrepoint aux trajectoires habituelles du
développement et de la migration et permet de saisir le codéveloppement, non comme
une vue de l’esprit réductible à une rhétorique instrumentale qui émerge lors des
échéances électorales, mais comme le produit d’acteurs et d’institutions spécifiques
sur le double espace France-Mali.
Philosophie et histoire : Dialectique de l'universel et du particulier
Authors: Ndzomo-Molé Joseph
Published: October 2018

À propos de la philosophie et de l’histoire, l’article précise qu’il ne s’agit
pas d’entendre le terme histoire comme la branche des sciences humaines dont
l’historien est le spécialiste : la science du passé humain; le terme histoire
renvoie précisément au devenir humain lui-même. La question est donc de savoir si la
philosophie peut influencer l’histoire. Il est d’abord question de la dépendance
historique de la philosophie : la réflexion philosophique est une réaction de la
raison à des stimuli historiques, et l’expérience historique est la matière des
concepts philosophiques. On peut cependant parler de la fécondité historique de la
philosophie : le philosophe peut, par ses idées, influencer des pensées à l’origine
de nouvelles doctrines politiques ou de nouvelles perspectives scientifiques ; les
textes des philosophes majeurs sont d’une actualité qui résiste à l’histoire parce
qu’à partir de leur contexte historique, leurs auteurs ont pensé la condition
humaine. Il est donc nécessaire d’apprendre l’histoire de la philosophie,
c’est-à-dire de s’exercer à lire les textes philosophiques en pensant avec leurs
auteurs.
Le catalan, entre linguistique et politique
Authors: Boyer Henri
Published: October 2018

Langue romane parlée par plus de 7 millions de personnes dans le monde, le catalan est un idiome historiquement issu de la continuation autochtone du latin vernaculaire en usage en Roussillon et en Catalogne. De par sa relative stabilité, ainsi que la toponymie et la phonétique le démontrent, il est le support d’une littérature très ancienne qui remonte au XIème siècle et prolifère aujourd’hui. Son aire locutoire contemporaine s’étend, au-delà de la Catalogne proprement dite, à une partie de l’Aragon, à la région de Valence et aux Baléares. Langue officielle jusqu’en 1716 sur ce territoire, et co-officielle entre 1931 et 1939, le catalan a été interdit en 1939 par une ordonnance du Général Franco. Sous le régime franquiste, le matériel d’impression des éditeurs catalanistes fut ainsi confisqué, le dictionnaire de référence saisi, la censure instaurée, et nombre de livres détruits. Mais avec le retour de la démocratie, la Catalogne a obtenu un statut de co-officialité pour le catalan, et a engagé un programme de revitalisation, fondé notamment sur l’enseignement primaire immersif dans la langue. Depuis une dizaine d’années, le statut de la langue fait l’objet d’un contentieux devant les tribunaux, et alimente une partie du discours politique, et notamment du discours nationaliste, lequel occupe aujourd’hui en Catalogne une place importante. La langue est ici liée aux revendications institutionnelles, même si ce lien n’est pas en soi consubstantiel à la simple expression linguistique.
Repenser le numérique au 21ème siècle
Authors: Sinatra Michael E. , Sinclair Stéfan
Published: October 2018

Le constat duquel part notre idée de colloque est très simple : tout le monde s’accorde à dire que la réflexion sur le numérique est une priorité, mais l’on est encore loin d’avoir une définition précise des méthodes pour développer cette dernière, des œuvres et des auteurs à considérer comme référents dans ce domaine et d’un langage qui puisse être partagé par la communauté des chercheurs et compris par le grand public. L’analyse du monde numérique doit donc être en premier lieu une réflexion sur la culture numérique et non seulement sur les outils. ﻿﻿﻿Pareillement, avec le changement des supports, des modalités de publication, des mécanismes de visibilité, d’accessibilité et de circulation des contenus, c’est l’ensemble de notre rapport au savoir qui se trouve remis en question. Il est nécessaire de mettre en place une recherche qui puisse avoir une fonction structurante dans le développement d’une théorie et d’une pensée du numérique mais aussi dans l’implémentation de nouveaux outils de recherche et de visualisation conçus pour les humanités. Le numérique touche désormais l’ensemble de notre vie. Nous vivons dans une société numérique et dans une culture numérique. Les transformations qui ont engendré ce monde numérique se sont produites très rapidement et n’ont pas laissé le temps de développer une réflexion structurée capable de les comprendre. Il est impératif de créer au plus vite des repères théoriques permettant de situer notre culture numérique par rapport à notre vision du monde et aux catégories conceptuelles qui ont structuré nos valeurs, nos traditions et notre imaginaire.﻿
La norme juridique et la langue: histoire d’une intimité renforcée
Authors: Viangalli François
Published: October 2018

Le droit et la linguistique entretiennent des rapports extrêmement étroits.
Pour qui tente d’élucider le concept même de droit, il est impossible de faire
l’économie d’une appréhension linguistique du phénomène juridique. Le phénomène
normatif est en effet pour l’essentiel un phénomène linguistique. Certes, le droit
repose sur le recours à la force publique pour assurer en dernier recours sa mise en
œuvre. Toutefois, bien que ce recours à la force soit parfois indispensable, il
n’est pas dans la majorité des situations nécessaire. L’obéissance repose la plupart
du temps sur l’expression seule de la norme et de ses attributs par le langage, à
égalité avec le comportement collectif. Si la langue est ainsi le vecteur
prépondérant quoique non exclusif du droit, il n’est pas étonnant que la tendance du
Prince soit de contrôler celle-ci, qu’il s’agisse d’en maîtriser le contenu – tel
que le vocabulaire ou la grammaire – ou plus largement l’usage. Or ce contrôle
conduit à l‘époque contemporain à l’émergence d’un véritable contentieux des
langues. Déjà observée par Jean-Louis Calvet sur le terrain social, la « guerre des
langues » sera peut-être, à l’heure où la communication numérique bouleverse les
sociétés politiques, l’un des phénomènes majeurs du XXIe siècle.