bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Kelapa Terhadap Kandungan Gizi Dan Sifat Organoleptik Kue Kering; The Effect of Coconut Flour Substitution on Nutrient Content and Organoleptic Properties of Cookies
Authors: POLII FAHRI FERDINAND
Published: February 2018

ABSTRAK

Tepung kelapa merupakan salah satu alternatif substitusi tepung terigu dengan kandungan serat yang tinggi dan karbohidrat kompleks yang baik bagi kesehatan terutama untuk penderita diabetes. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan gizi dan sifat organoleptik kue kering yang diolah menggunakan tepung kelapa. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Manado pada bulan Pebruari-Nopember 2014. Tahapan penelitian, yaitu: pengeringan daging buah kelapa segar, pengepresan minyak/pemisahan minyak kelapa, pembuatan tepung kelapa, pembuatan kue kering serta analisis komposisi kimia dan organoleptik kue kering. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap, perlakuan adalah perbandingan jumlah tepung terigu dan tepung kelapa yang digunakan yaitu pembuatan kue kering. Parameter yang diuji adalah kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, serat kasar, karbohidrat dan organoleptik (rasa, aroma, warna dan tekstur). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tepung ampas kelapa memiliki kadar protein dan serat lebih tinggi dibanding tepung terigu. Kadar abu, protein, lemak dan serat kasar cenderung  meningkat  dengan bertambahnya jumlah tepung ampas kelapa yang digunakan, sebaliknya  kadar air dan karbohidrat mengalami penurunan. Tepung kelapa dapat mensubstitusi tepung terigu pada pembuatan kue kering sampai 50% dengan tingkat penerimaan panelis pada kategori rasa cukup suka sampai suka.

 

ABSTRACT 
Coconut flour is an alternative substitution of wheat flour with high fiber content and complex carbohydrates that are good for health especially for diabetics. The purpose of this research is to know the nutrient content and organoleptic of cookies processed using coconut flour. The research was conducted at Research Center and Industrial Standardization of Manado on February-November 2014. The research steps were drying of fresh coconut meat, oil pressing/coconut oil separation, coconut flour making, processing of cookies, analysis of chemical properties and organoleptic test. Research using Completely Randomized Design, treatments were the ratio of the amount of wheat flour and coconut flour used in the manufacture of cookies. Parameters tested were moisture content, ash, protein, fat, crude fiber, carbohydrate and organoleptic (flavor, aroma, color and texture). The results showed that the coconut flour had higher protein and fiber content than wheat flour. The content of ash, protein, fat and fiber tends to increase with the increasing amount of coconut flour used, otherwise the water and carbohydrate levels decrease. Coconut flour can substitute wheat flour in processing of cookies up to 50% with panelist acceptance level in taste category quite like until likes.
Common Design Problems of Sump Tanks
Authors: Thro Mary E.
Published: February 2018

E&P Exchange

When gravity settling is used for water treating, the buoyancy of oil droplets makes them rise at a velocity proportional to the difference between the specific gravities of water and oil (Stokes' law). If the flow rate in a vertical vessel or skim pile is such that the average water velocity from the water inlet to the vessel outlet is greater than the droplet velocity as it rises owing to buoyancy, the droplet will be carried out with the water. The maximum flow rate for a vertical or horizontal sump is proportional to the difference in specific gravities.

If a vessel is sized for produced water and oil but also is being used for rain water from deck runoff, the allowable flow rates for the two cases are different because of differences in the specific gravities of water and oil. Rain water normally has a lower specific gravity than produced water, and oil washed off the deck into the sump by rain is weathered oil with a specific gravity greater than that of the fresh oil. This is particularly true with very light oil or gas condensate, both of which contain more light components removed by weathering. As an example, assuming the weathering process leaves 30° API oil on the deck, the difference in specific gravities between rain water and weathered oil is 0.13. For process fluids, assuming a light oil (60°API) and produced water (specific gravity= 1.07), the difference in specific gravity could be 0.33.

For a sump with the same diameter, the allowable flow rate for rain is 0.13/0.33 = 0.39 times the allowable flow rate for process fluids. A sump that is adequate for normal conditions and wash down may be undersized to handle runoff from a rainstorm because of a significantly smaller difference in specific gravities of the fluids involved.

A second problem that shows up during rainstorms is not related to vessel diameter but to the configuration of the internals.

For the vertical sump shown in Fig. 1, the static head of the water standing in the water leg is equal to the head of the water plus the oil pad inside the sump. If pure water flows into the sump, the level of the water inside the sump is equal to the height of the water leg outlet (neglecting a small additional height to overcome drag caused by the flow through the pipe).
Wheatgrass Germination and Seedling Growth under Osmotic Stress
Authors: Sheikh‐Mohamadi Mohamad‐Hossein , Etemadi Nematollah , Nikbakht Ali , Farajpour Mostafa , Arab Mostafa , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

A physiological mechanism for drought resistance in wheatgrass is proposed.

Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity during germination of wheatgrass under drought stress.

Germination, osmotic adjustment, and antioxidant enzyme activities of wheatgrass under drought stress.

Osmotic stress is one of the major environmental stresses that limits plant growth and seed germination in many areas of the world. The purpose of this research was to determine the degree and range of tolerance to osmotic stress in 20 wheatgrass ecotypes to identify ecotypes that might be potentially useful in arid and semiarid regions. We used a completely randomized factorial design with two factors, five levels of osmotic stress (0, –0.2, –0.5, –0.8, and –1.6 MPa), wheatgrass ecotypes, and three replicates. Our findings suggest that AD1, AD2, AD3, and AD5 ecotypes under osmotic stress have a higher level of final germination percentage (FGP) and rate of germination (GR), although they had a lower value for the average germination time (MGT) than other ecotypes during the experiment. These results suggested that AD1, AD2, AD3, AD5, AE5, AC6, and FA ecotypes exhibited a more effective protection, along with various mechanisms, and the mitigation of oxidative damages such as lipid peroxidation through mechanisms by which enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidant activities were maintained at a higher level. Also, these ecotypes showed higher proline and total nonstructural carbohydrate contents (TNC), but lower malondialdehyde content (MDA) and H2O2 content than other ecotypes. A cluster analysis found these same six ecotypes (AD1, AD2, AD3, AD5, AE5, and AC6) and FA were clustered into a group of “osmotic‐ tolerant ecotypes”. This group might be potentially useful in arid and semiarid regions.
Is Corn Stover Harvest Predictable Using Farm Operation, Technology, and Management Variables?
Authors: Obrycki John F. , Karlen Douglas L.
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

Corn stover removal was not common in 2010.

Crop sequences were similar for stover and non‐stover harvest farms.

State‐level variation occurred in the relative size of farms removing corn stover.

Soil erosion control measures were not frequently adopted by either farm group.

Crop residue management, provision of animal feed or bedding, and increased income are potential reasons for harvesting corn (Zea mays L.) stover. Reasons for not doing so include the need for crop residue to restore or increase soil organic matter, protect against wind and water erosion, and cycle plant nutrients. Bioenergy market development may increase the number of producers harvesting corn stover. Can farming practice data predict the likelihood for harvesting corn stover at a national scale? Farm operation, technology, and management variables from the 2010 Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) of U.S. corn growers were compared between operations that removed corn stover and those that did not. Nationwide, stover was removed from approximately 6.3% of all corn operations, indicating stover harvest was not a common practice in 2010. Factors increasing the likelihood for stover harvest included producing feed corn, managing crop residues for pest control, and farmland ownership. Technology and conservation practice adoption rates were similar in both groups. Excessive stover removal can increase soil degradation. Both groups had erosion control adoption rates of ≤10%, which may provide an additional disincentive to harvest stover. Overall, the evaluated variables were similar between producers that did and did not harvest stover. This assessment provides a 2010 national baseline that can be used for future evaluations as bioenergy and bioproduct markets develop.
Effects of Land‐Applied Ammonia Scrubber Solutions on Yield, Nitrogen Uptake, Soil Test Phosphorus, and Phosphorus Runoff
Authors: Martin Jerry W. , Moore Philip A. , Li Hong , Ashworth Amanda J. , Miles Dana M.
Published: February 2018

Ammonia (NH3) scrubbers reduce amounts of NH3 and dust released from animal rearing facilities while generating nitrogen (N)‐rich solutions, which may be used as fertilizers. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various NH3 scrubber solutions on forage yields, N uptake, soil‐test phosphorus (P), and P runoff. A small plot study was conducted using six treatments: (i) an unfertilized control, (ii) potassium bisulfate (KHSO4) scrubber solution, (iii) aluminum sulfate [Al2(SO4)3 ⋅14H2O, alum] scrubber solution, (iv) sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4) scrubber solution, (v) sulfuric acid (H2SO4) scrubber solution, and (vi) ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) fertilizer. The scrubber solutions were obtained from ARS Air Scrubbers attached to commercial broiler houses. All N sources were applied at a rate of 112 kg N ha−1. Plots were harvested approximately every 4 wk and soil‐test P measurements were made, then a rainfall simulation study was conducted. Cumulative forage yields were greater (P < 0.05) for KHSO4 (7.6 Mg ha−1) and NaHSO4 (7.5 Mg ha−1) scrubber solutions than for alum (6.7 Mg ha−1) or H2SO4 (6.5 Mg ha−1) scrubber solutions or for NH4NO3 (6.9 Mg ha−1). All N sources resulted in higher yields than the control (5.1 Mg ha−1). The additional potassium in the KHSO4 treatment likely resulted in higher yields. Although Mehlich‐III‐extractable P was not affected, water‐extractable P in soil was lowered by the alum‐based scrubber solution, which also resulted in lower P runoff. This study demonstrates that N captured using NH3 scrubbers is a viable N fertilizer.

Core Ideas

Most of the nitrogen excreted by broiler chickens is lost to the atmosphere.

The ARS Air Scrubber can use acid salts to scrub ammonia from poultry house exhaust.

Fertilizing with scrubber solutions resulted in higher yields than ammonium nitrate.

Alum‐based scrubber solutions reduced phosphorus runoff.

Nitrogen captured using ammonia scrubbers is a viable fertilizer.
The Root Zone: Soil Physics and Beyond
Authors: Lazarovitch Naftali , Vanderborght Jan , Jin Yan , van Genuchten Martinus Th.
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

This special section has 15 contributions focused on physical and biochemical processes in the root zone.

Contributions stem from presentations at the 2016 Kirkham conference in Sede Boqer Campus, Israel.

The root system plays a key role in water, nutrient, and gas transport processes in the vadose zone.

Novel measurement and modeling tools are still needed to understand and manage root zone processes.

This special section of Vadose Zone Journal (VZJ) contains 15 contributions focusing on the physical, biological, and chemical aspects of water and solute transport into and through the soil root zone, including root water and solute uptake. The papers stem from presentations at the 2016 Kirkham Conference, “The Root Zone: Soil Physics and Beyond,” which took place at the Sede Boqer campus of Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, during 10 to 14 April (https://www.soils.org/membership/divisions/soil‐physics‐and‐hydrology/kirkham‐conferences). Much consensus existed at the conference for a special VZJ section to reflect the importance of the soil root zone from many disciplinary perspectives (soil, environmental, agricultural, hydrologic, and atmospheric) and the complexity of the basic processes involved. The contributions deal with root zone processes at different scales and from different disciplinary viewpoints, while covering a broad range of topics from the very theoretical to important practical applications. Special emphasis is on novel measurement and modeling tools at various scales and the need for interdisciplinary research.
Investigating the impact of workplace bullying on employees’ morale, performance and turnover intentions in five-star Egyptian hotel operations
Authors: Tag-Eldeen Ashraf , Barakat Mona , Dar Hesham
Published: February 2018

In today’s competitive business environment, human resources are one of the most critical assets particularly for service-focused organizations. Consequently, employees’ morale has become invaluable for maintaining outstanding organizational performance and retaining employees. One of the most important factors which may affect employees’ satisfaction is workplace bullying from employers and colleagues at large. It is considered a negative and unethical issue which may degrade, humiliate and create a risk to a healthy working environment. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to investigate the extent to which workplace bullying may affect the organizational outcomes of a sample of five-star hotels in Egypt. Two questionnaires were distributed among the subjects of the sample; bell desk staff, kitchen stewards and head departments. The results of this research confirmed that there is a correlation between workplace bullying, employees’ morale and turnover intentions but, showed no correlation between workplace bullying and employees’ work performance.
Hospitality industry and the service culture in Europe
Authors: Michaelides Roxanna
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this article/research is to explore and analyze three most important factors that directly can affect the Culture of service in European Hospitality Industry. The paper of this study showed that relationship between the quality of education in Hospitality and Leisure, the poor recruitment and especially the lack of continuing education influence the guest’s service and its quality. The findings reveal that the employee’s culture of service is a critical attribute; while unsatisfactory recruitment, low education and the most critical element lack of continuing education influence negative the guest satisfaction and expectations.
Decolourization of malachite green dye by mentha plant biochar (MPB): a combined action of adsorption and electrochemical reduction processes
Authors: Rawat Abhay Prakash , Singh D. P.
Published: February 2018

Adsorption behavior of mentha (mint) plant biochar (MPB) in removal of malachite green (MG) dye from aqueous solution was analyzed as a function of different pH (4.0–10.0), initial dye concentration (20–100 mg/L), contact time (0–45 min) and dose of adsorbent (0.05–0.3 g/100 mL). The zeta potential of the MPB particles was found to be −37.9 mV, indicating a negatively charged sorption surface of MPB particles. MPB was found to be more effective in removal of MG dye at pH 6.0 due to combined action of physico-chemisorption and a reductive electron transfer reaction. Results on the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis of the N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm of MPB as adsorbent showed sigmoidal shape similar to the type IV isotherm and mesoporous nature. The cyclic voltammetric analysis of MG dye showed a reversible, coupled redox reaction at the interface of dye molecules and MPB particles. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qmax) of MPB was found to be 322.58 mg g−1. The separation factor (RL) value was between 0 and 1, indicating a favourable adsorption of MG dye onto MPB. The results fitted well to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Further results from desorption experiments showed recovery of MG dye by about 50% in the presence of 1 N HCl.
Mahragan: Classe, Lazer e Política no Cairo
Authors: García José Sánchez
Published: February 2018

Para os jovens homens dos bairros populares do Cairo, a música mahragan tornou-se, desde meados dos anos 2000, uma forma de mídia importante para criticar sua condição de marginaliza- ção. A música mahragan já era popular entre todos os grupos sociais quando ocorreram os eventos políticos de 2011 no Egito, tendo se espalhado por toda cidade do Cairo, se tornando uma expressão cultural associada aos discursos de contracultura. Mahragan desafia a marginalização dos jovens Cairenes de clas- se baixa. Este artigo examina como os produtores e consumido- res de mahragan (re)produzem espaços sociais informais para organizar suas próprias “festas” noturnas - tradução literal do termo mahragan - no Cairo. O argumento é que essas raves po- pulares representam uma alternativa à marginalização cultural de jovens Cairenes das classes baixas. O artigo fornece uma visão de como o mahragan representa independência e de como esses jovens encarnam um desafio direto por mudanças nas formas de soberania do Estado e no campo da governança neoliberal da cultura no Egito contemporâneo.
Spór o genocentryzm w filozofii biologii
Authors: Ziemny Aleksander A.
Published: February 2018

Źródeł koncepcji genocentrycznej należy dopatrywać się w dynamicznym rozwoju XIX- i XX-wiecznej genetyki – zwłaszcza współczesnej syntezy ewolucyjnej oraz genetyki molekularnej. Za ideą tą stoi teza, iż w naukach biologicznych wyjaśnienia odwołujące się do czynników genetycznych są uprzywilejowane; przy tym istotnym założeniem idei genocentrycznej w ramach genetyki molekularnej jest to, że geny oraz kod genetyczny pełnią szczególną rolę w determinowaniu rozwoju organizmu.    Chociaż stanowisko genocentryczne jest jednym z fundamentów współczesnej teorii ewolucji, to przez długi czas nie podejmowano na tym gruncie problematyki biologii rozwoju. W związku z tym w ostatnich latach można dostrzec zwrot w stronę nurtu alternatywnego, wykazującego istotność uwzględnienia czynników poza-genetycznych w wyjaśnianiu zjawisk i procesów biologiczno-rozwojowych.    Najistotniejsze w tym kontekście są argumenty i idee stojące za odrzuceniem specjalnej roli genów, zwłaszcza na gruncie ewolucyjnej biologii rozwoju; kontekst evo-devo wydaje się interesujący ze względu na ambicję integracji biologii rozwojowej i biologii ewolucyjnej.
Visual Acuity Improvement in Continuous vs Divided Occlusion in Anisometropic Amblyopia
Authors: Irfani Irawati , Feriyanto Feri , Oktarima Primawita , Kartasasmita Arief
Published: February 2018

Purpose:

To compare visual acuity improvement between continuous and split part-time occlusion for the treatment of moderate and severe anisometropic amblyopia.

Methods:

Randomised clinical trials in 6 – 13 y.o children with moderate and severe anisometropic amblyopia. Each patient was consecutively selected with continuous or split part-time occlusion. Best corrected visual acuity’s improvement was followed up to six weeks and statistical data were analyzed using chi square and unpaired t-test.

Results:

Best corrected visual acuity’s improvement was comparable between continuous and split part-time occlusion (0.20±0.27vs0.21±0.25; p = 0.79).

Conclusion:

Split part-time occlusion may be considered as an alternative treatment for moderate and severe anisometropic amblyopia treatment.
The Role of Sensory Marketing in Achieving Customer Patronage
Authors: Ifeanyichukwu Chioma  Dili , Peter Abude
Published: February 2018

Sensory marketing is regarded as a new way of making an organizational profit. Less time and more school/work hours have made people pop into a fast food restaurant on a daily basis. More and more restaurants are employing stimuli of Scent, Sound, texture, vision, and taste to build stronger emotional connections with the customer and drive preference to their brand. A quick look at our environment gives one a clearer picture of these fast food restaurants and one begins to wonder why they spring up in great numbers, thus intensifying competition. This study aims at examining the relationship between human senses/ sensory cues and customer patronage. Also, it seeks to find out how fast food restaurants should apply sensory cues to enhance customer patronage. 150 regular customers of Nourisha fast food restaurant in Awka were used as respondents, and a structured questionnaire was administered to elicit the required information from the respondents. Multiple regression was used to test for the significance of the five hypothesis proposed for the study. Results showed the powerful and tremendous effect of the concept of sensory marketing which is inevitable for the success of a firm in this highly competitive market.
Critical study of Mamsadhara Kala
Authors: Waghmare Ashwini Kumar , Anup Bhosgikar , Kanavi Niyazahmed
Published: February 2018

Every concept of Ayurveda has its own importance. There are many concepts mentioned in the classics are scientific and worth understanding in modern words. Among these concepts Acharya Sushruta mentioned Sapta Kalas in the body. While considering upon the Ashaya they had also thought of the linings making internal walls of the Ashaya, designating them as Kala. They presented it in a very silent way. Among the Sapta Kala, Mamsadhara Kala is one described by Sushruta and other Acharyas. There are 3 layers of connective tissue which extended from the deep fascia and protects and give strength to the skeletal muscle. They are epimysium, perimysium and endomysium, they may extend beyond the muscle fiber to form tendons. So by this we can understand the Mamsadhara Kala in gross anatomy, i.e. fascia or deep fascia and in the histological level it can be taken as Endomysium. So the collection and comprehensive review of information regarding Mamsadhara Kala becomes significant. Hence to unravel and accumulate the hidden scientific information about Mamsadhara Kala, in different resources and its structure and function on common parlon, presents intended research work has been undertaken and planned to carry out.
Del Quijote de Cervantes a la novela en el Caribe colombiano después de la modernidad
Authors: López Noriega Luis Fernando
Published: February 2018

Este artículo pretende delinear una posible arqueología de las relecturas y reescrituras de la novela de Cervantes El ingenioso Hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha, que los autores latinoamericanos configuraron después del fenómeno de la modernidad de las letras. Específicamente, se aborda a Germán Espinosa para analizar el caso del Caribe colombiano. Este objetivo se establece a partir del estudio de los procedimientos narrativos de apropiación y desenmascaramiento de los ejes simbólicos esenciales que ya aparecen dialogando en la obra cervantina: el ser discreto vs. el ser vulgar, y que en la novela de los autores del Caribe colombiano —Germán Espinosa en particular— se podrían definir como marcas discursivas que construyen a los personajes históricos que figuran en su novela Los cortejos del diablo (1982). Por tanto, bajo las conclusiones de la aplicación metodológica de un análisis del campo de producción artística del Caribe colombiano, se ofrecen aquí futuras líneas de investigación en el marco de los estudios culturales y literarios.Palabras claves: apropiación, Cervantes, desenmascaramiento, discreto, Quijote, vulgarAbstractThis article aims to outline a possible archeology of the re-readings and re-writings of Cervantes’ novel El ingenioso Hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha, that Latin American authors shaped after the phenomenon of modernity of letters. Specifically, the article focuses on Germán Espinosa in order to analyze the case of the Colombian Caribbean. This objective is established from the study of narrative procedures of appropriation and unmasking of the essential symbolic axes that already dialogue in Cervantes’ work: being discreet vs. being vulgar. These axes in the novels of the authors of the Colombian Caribbean — German Espinosa in particular— could be defined as discursive markers that build the historical characters contained in his novel The Devil Processions (1982). Therefore, under the conclusions of the methodological application of a field analysis of artistic production of the Colombian Caribbean, future research agendas within the framework of cultural and literary studies are suggested.Keywords: appropriation, Cervantes, discreet, Quixote, unmasking, vulgar
Hombres y mujeres del agua: adaptación y transformación del medio en la cultura anfibia
Authors: Sierra Chávez Donaldo
Published: February 2018

Esta investigación muestra cómo los habitantes de La Mojana sucreña, en el norte de Colombia, viven, estacionalmente, bajo las inclemencias de las inundaciones. Para adaptarse a esta situación han modificado su estilo de vida, llevando así una supervivencia catalogada como anfibia. La geografía de esta región se pone de manifiesto por los cambios que el hombre hace a un medio físico, que por lo general se ensaña con él. Se tuvo en cuenta la observación directa y la apreciación de algunos integrantes de la comunidad de La Mojana (charlas, entrevistas, encuestas), con visitas de campo en dos épocas delaño: sequía y lluvias. Se valoró especialmente cada una de las condiciones de vida y el accionar cultural de los habitantes. Lo que se pretendió entonces fue reconocer cómo el ser humano, bajo ciertas circunstancias de inundación, se ve en la necesidad de construir su propio espacio cultural para la convivencia, sobrevivencia y supervivencia.Palabras claves: adaptación, cultura anfibia, Mojana sucreña, percepción, transformación.AbstractThe current research shows how the inhabitants of the Mojana sucreña, in the northern region of Colombia, seasonally live under the inclement flooding. In order to adapt themselves to this situation, people from this region have changed their lifestyle, carrying a survival life mode classified as amphibious. The geography of this region reveals itself because of the changes that the human being makes to the phyisical environment, which generaly preys on him. Direct observations and points of view of some members of La Mojarra community, including talks, interviews and surveys, were applied. Field visits during the dry and wet season were done, taking into consideration the living conditions and cultural behavior of the inhabitants. With this project, it was intended to recognize how the human being, under flooding circumstances, sees himself in the need of constructing his own cultural space for cohabitation and survival.Keywords: adaptation, amphibian culture, Mojana sucreña, perception, transformation.
Mutaciones y tensiones de la escuela contemporánea: miradas críticas
Authors: Taborda Caro María Alejandra , Franco de Novaes Ínia
Published: February 2018

A fines de la década de los años 70 del siglo XX, se percibieron los primeros síntomas de las mudanzas a las que fue sometida la escuela de la modernidad. Estas variaciones fueron usadas como pretexto para exponer un profundo cambio que la época develada, la educación de masas, explosión demográfica, entre otras. La reforma estatal más importante, omnipresente, amplia y extendida de todas las épocas es la vinculación a la escuela de las dificultades propias de la economía, el Estado y las organizaciones. En los últimos treinta años se han configurado las subjetividades más complejas presentes en la historia de la escuela, donde el más crudo de los individualismos colonizó este espacio. Las anteriores mutaciones parecieran pertenecer al género de obviedades que no es preciso explicar, pues “los cambios son porque están”. De ahí que se requiera, desde miradas históricas y pedagógicas, comprender la génesis de estos cambios que determinaron el formato de la escuela contemporánea. Desde miradas genealógicas arqueológicas para futuras revisiones, este documento dará algunas pistas sobre el giro de la escuela dentro del consenso transcultural adherido a la educación de masas y sobre la creación de un dispositivo de control social del mundo escolar a través de las disciplinas escolares.Palabras clave: escuela, cambios, historia, crítica.AbstractIn the late 70s of the twentieth century, the first signs of the changes to which the School of modernity was brought under are perceived. These variations were used as a pretext to expose an existing deep change that stood out above others: education to the masses. The most important, pervasive, widespread and extensive state reform of all ages is the link to the school of the own difficulties of the economy, the State and organizations. In the last thirty years, the most complex subjectivities present in the history of the school have been set up, the crudest model of individualism colonized this space. The previous mutations seem to belong to the genre of truism that is not necessary to explain: “The changes are because they are”. Hence, it is required from historical and pedagogical understanding the genesis of these changes that determined the format of the contemporary school. From archaeological genealogical looks for future reviews, this document will give some clues about the shift of the school in the transcultural consensus adhered to the education to the masses, and the creation of a device for social control of the school system through school subjects.Keywords: school, changes, history, criticism.
A Novel 12-Lead Electrocardiographic System for Home Use: Development and Usability Testing (Preprint)
Authors: Steijlen Annemarijn SM , Jansen Kaspar MB , Albayrak Armagan , Verschure Derk O , Van Wijk Diederik F
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis is of pivotal importance for patients with cardiac arrhythmias and ischemia to minimize the consequences like strokes and myocardial infarctions. The chance of capturing signals of arrhythmias or ischemia is substantially high when a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) can be recorded at the moment when a patient experiences the symptoms. However, until now, available diagnostic systems (Holter monitors and other wearable ECG sensors) have not enabled patients to record a reliable 12-lead ECG at home.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this project was to develop a user-friendly system that enables persons with cardiac complaints to record a reliable 12-lead ECG at home to improve the diagnostic process and, consequently, reduce the time between the onset of symptoms and adequate treatment.

METHODS

Using an iterative design approach, ECGraph was developed. The system consists of an ECG measurement system and a mobile app, which were developed with the help of several concept tests. To evaluate the design, a prototype of the final design was built and a final technical performance test and usability test were executed.

RESULTS

The ECG measurement system consists of a belt and 4 limb straps. Ten wet Ag/AgCl electrodes are placed in the belt to optimize skin-electrode contact. The product is controlled via an app on the mobile phone of the user. Once a person experiences symptoms, he or she can put on the belt and record ECGs within a few minutes. Short instructions, supported by visualizations, offer guidance during use. ECGs are sent wirelessly to the caregiver, and the designated expert can quickly interpret the results. Usability tests with the final prototype (n=6) showed that the participants were able to put on the product within 8 minutes during first-time use. However, we expect that the placement of the product can be executed faster when the user becomes more familiar with the product. Areas of improvement focus mainly on confidence during product use. In the technical performance test, a 12-lead ECG was made and reproduced 6 times.

CONCLUSIONS

We developed a new 12-lead ECG system for home use. The product is expected to be more user-friendly than current hospital ECG systems and is designed to record more reliable data than current ECG systems for home use, which makes it suitable for expert interpretation. The system has great potential to be incorporated into an outpatient practice, so that arrhythmias and ischemia can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
Trajectories of 12-Month Usage Patterns for Two Smoking Cessation Websites: Exploring How Users Engage Over Time (Preprint)
Authors: Bricker Jonathan B , Sridharan Vasundhara , Zhu Yifan , Mull Kristin E , Heffner Jaimee L , Watson Noreen L , McClure Jennifer B , Di Chongzhi
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

Little is known about how individuals engage with electronic health (eHealth) interventions over time and whether this engagement predicts health outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this study, by using the example of a specific type of eHealth intervention (ie, websites for smoking cessation), were to determine (1) distinct groups of log-in trajectories over a 12-month period, (2) their association with smoking cessation, and (3) baseline user characteristics that predict trajectory group membership.

METHODS

We conducted a functional clustering analysis of 365 consecutive days of log-in data from both arms of a large (N=2637) randomized trial of 2 website interventions for smoking cessation (WebQuit and Smokefree), with a primary outcome of 30-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at 12 months. We conducted analyses for each website separately.

RESULTS

A total of 3 distinct trajectory groups emerged for each website. For WebQuit, participants were clustered into 3 groups: 1-week users (682/1240, 55.00% of the sample), 5-week users (399/1240, 32.18%), and 52-week users (159/1240, 12.82%). Compared with the 1-week users, the 5- and 52-week users had 57% higher odds (odds ratio [OR] 1.57, 95% CI 1.13-2.17; P=.007) and 124% higher odds (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.45-3.43; P<.001), respectively, of being abstinent at 12 months. Smokefree users were clustered into 3 groups: 1-week users (645/1309, 49.27% of the sample), 4-week users (395/1309, 30.18%), and 5-week users (269/1309, 20.55%). Compared with the 1-week users, 5-week users (but not 4-week users; P=.99) had 48% higher odds (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.05-2.07; P=.02) of being abstinent at 12 months. In general, the WebQuit intervention had a greater number of weekly log-ins within each of the 3 trajectory groups as compared with those of the Smokefree intervention. Baseline characteristics associated with trajectory group membership varied between websites.

CONCLUSIONS

Patterns of 1-, 4-, and 5-week usage of websites may be common for how people engage in eHealth interventions. The 5-week usage of either website, and 52-week usage only of WebQuit, predicted a higher odds of quitting smoking. Strategies to increase eHealth intervention engagement for 4 more weeks (ie, from 1 week to 5 weeks) could be highly cost effective.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01812278; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01812278 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6yPO2OIKR)
Causas de hospitalização de crianças: uma revisão integrativa da realidade brasileira
Authors: Almeida Barbosa Samara Frantheisca , Marques da Costa Fernanda , Vieira Maria Aparecida
Published: February 2018

Com o objetivou de descrever o conhecimento produzido na literatura acerca das causas de hospitalização de crianças no Brasil, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura a partir de onze artigos disponíveis na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Os critérios de inclusão foram: estudos na íntegra, no idioma português, no período 2010 a 2017 e que contemplassem o tema. Alguns autores citam que as principais causas de hospitalização infantil são por Condições Sensíveis a Atenção Primária, enquanto outros afirmam que são por condições não sensíveis. O grupo de principais causas de internação de crianças é o das doenças respiratórias. Conclui-se que estudar causas de hospitalização de crianças e analisar possíveis fatores associados direciona a tomada de medidas preventivas para as doenças prevalentes para minimizar as complicações e internações.
Your Exclusion, My Inclusion: Reflections on a Career Working With the Most Challenging and Vulnerable in Diabetes
Authors: Harris Michael A.
Published: February 2018

EDITOR’S NOTE: This article is adapted from the address Dr. Harris delivered as the recipient of the American Diabetes Association’s Richard R. Rubin Award for 2017. This award recognizes a behavioral researcher who has made outstanding, innovative contributions to the study and understanding of the behavioral aspects of diabetes in diverse populations. Dr. Harris delivered the address in June 2017 at the Association’s 77th Scientific Sessions in San Diego, Calif.
ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL LEADING SUBSECTOR DISTRICT/CITIES IN BENGKULU PROVINCE
Authors: Pratama Agung Ridho , Sukiyono Ketut , Arianti Nyayu Neti
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the agricultural leading subsector in the districts/ cities in Bengkulu Province and the conditions of agricultural leading  subsectors  district/ cites status as a Main Area in Bengkulu Province before and after the expansion area. The analysis method used Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ), Shift-Share analysis (SS) and Overlay analysis. The study used secondary data, such as Gross Domestic Regional Bruto (PDRB) of districts/cities in Bengkulu Province and Bengkulu Province from 2004 until 2014 based on constant basic price. The result of this study showed that agricultural leading subsector based on the overlay analysis (combined analysing from three analysis method) are livestock subsector and plantation crops subsector, sepecially in Bengkulu City and Kaur. In South Bengkulu, before the expansion area, the fisheries subsector to be the only agricultural leading subsector. After the expansion, the agricultural leading subsectors increased to fisheries subsector and livestock subsector. In Rejang Lebong, food crops subsector remains a agricultural leading subsectors both before and after doing the expansion area. Meanwhile, in North Bengkulu, before the expansion area livestock subsector as the agricultural leading subsector. When do expansion area, position of the livestock subsector replaced by fisheries subsector.
KESAHIHAN DIAGNOSTIK HEMOGLOBIN RETIKULOSIT UNTUK DETEKSI DEFISIENSI ZAT BESI DI KEHAMILAN
Authors: Ratnaningsih Tri , Mulyono Budi , Sutaryo Sutaryo , Dwiprahasto Iwan
Published: February 2018

Entering the second trimester of pregnancy, more iron is required due to the increase in erythrocyte mass, plasma volume and the development of fetus as well as chorion. Iron is needed the most in the third trimester. The existing hematological iron stage parameters can only detect iron deficiency in the latest stage. The aim of this study was to know the assessment validity of Ret-He examination as a new parameter to diagnose iron deficiency in pregnant women with anemia, as well as a screening tool for those interm pregnancy without anemia. The research design was cross sectional. The subjects were women in term pregnancy, gathered from PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital, Bantul Yogyakarta from May to November 2013. A seven (7) mL blood sample was taken from the cubital vein of the subjects. Two mL of the sample was tested for routine  hematological examination using an EDTA tube, while the Ret-He was assessed using an automatic hematological instrument Sysmex XT-2000-i (Symex Corporation, Kobe, Japan). The serum of the remaining five (5) mL was used to check the serum iron and TIBC to obtain the saturation value (Tsat) using Cobas analyzer C501 (Roche Diagnostics, Germany), while the serum ferritin (SF) was examined using Minividas. The subjects were classified into two (2) groups based on the Hb levels, namely: anemia (Hb<11 g/dL) and those who did not (Hb≥11 g/dL). Furthermore, they were alsoclassified into two (2) groups based on transferrin saturation values: iron deficient (Tsat <9%) and normal (Tsat ≥9%). From 291 subjects, 59 (20.3%) were found to have anemia and 232 (79.7%) did not. The cut off value of Ret-He to diagnose iron deficiency in pregnant women with anemia was 29.8 pg (82% sensitivity and 72% specificity). Meanwhile, the cut-off value of Ret-He for iron deficiency screening in pregnant women without anemia was 29.8 pg, with a sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 87%  respectively. The Ret-He holds a good diagnostic validity to detect iron deficiency in pregnancy, with or without anemia.
A Metacognitive Approach to Pair Programming: Influence on Metacognitive Awareness
Authors: Breed Betty , Mentz Elsa , Van der Westhuizen Gert
Published: February 2018

Introduction. The research focused on metacognition in a collaborative learning setting. Based on a comprehensive literature study the researchers designed a metacognitive teaching-learning strategy for pair programmers. Our purpose was to investigate the influence of this metacognitive teaching-learning strategy during pair programming in an educational context on metacognitive awareness.Method. A mixed method research design was used, including two questionnaires, individual interviews, and individual journals. The participants were 67 grade 11 learners who had been implementing pair programming in the learning of Information Technology at secondary school level. The metacognitive teaching-learning strategy was implemented by the experimental group.Results. The results derived from the empirical study showed that the learners in the experimental group, who had implemented the metacognitive teaching-learning strategy while programming in pairs, reported an enhancement in the areas of planning, information management, monitoring and evaluation, with regard to metacognitive awareness.Discussion and conclusion. This research highlighted the importance of a metacognitive teaching-learning strategy when learners are programming in pairs. The findings could do much to advance teaching and learning in computer programming, and to inform future research and practice. The metacognitive teaching-learning strategy implemented during the research was adapted to make it suitable for use by teachers and learners during pair programming.
The Perception of School Climate in two Secondary Schools during the Implementation of a Peer Support Program
Authors: Andrés Gómez Soledad , Gaymard Sandrine
Published: February 2018

Introduction. The problem of school violence has been studied in the last decades from different perspectives, especially focused on bullying conflicts. Whole school approaches have been recommended by many experts in the field. The aim of the present study is to assess climate changes in two secondary schools that implement a peer support program, and to understand the level of perceived satisfaction.Method. Pre-post study with experimental and control group. Participants were 778 pupils (3 phases) plus 65 teachers at the experimental school; 462 pupils and 29 teachers at the control school. The tools used were questionnaires, focus groups and intensive interviews.Results. All participants believe that the peer support program is useful for improving the perception of safety at school, while the responses of the control school students indicate a general increase in the frequency of conflicts.Discussion y conclusion. Results show the complexity of controlling all the variables linked to changes of context. However, as proposed previously by other authors, objective measures need to be used in assessing school climate, in addition to perceptions shown on self-reports, in order to accurately determine the impact of peer support programs.
Students’ Perceptions about Teachers’ Feedback in a Career Construction: A Study in Vocational Education
Authors: Martins D. , Carvalho C.
Published: February 2018

Introduction. The idea that feedback is information about the gap between the current and the desired level of performance is largely accepted in the literature. Likewise, it is thought that it has an impact in future beliefs about self, tasks or cognitive strategies. However, the importance that the students give to teacher’s feedback, as a guidance practice to develop their own future time perspectives in terms of vocational identity, reveals the need for improvement of this pedagogical practice as a possible new approach for career construction in the 21st century. The paper main goal is to understand how students, attending courses with vocational curriculum, regard the choice or the decision of a professional future, through the teachers’ feedback.Method. The methodological plan used, in addition to collecting socio-demographic identification data, the Dellas Identity Status Inventory-Occupation and two open questions about students’ perceptions of the teachers' feedback. Twenty-eight Portuguese students attending three different courses in the Lisbon metropolitan area, between 15 and 19 years of age, paricipated in this study.Results. Results suggest that although students are attending different vocational courses, it seems that most of them are in a Moratorium dimension, showing little or no ability to explore vocational goals.Discussion and Conclusion. Search for vocational goals can be a way to be adapted to an educational and labour reality and a way to be prepared to face a changing world.The teachers’ feedback comments are understood as motivators, coaches and clarifiers of future perspectives of career construction and development.
Incidencia del Funcionamiento Ejecutivo en el Rendimiento en Comprensión Lectora en Adolescentes
Authors: Demagistri María Silvina , Richards María Marta , Canet Juric Lorena
Published: February 2018

Introducción. La comprensión lectora es una habilidad cognitiva compleja que se ha asociado a procesos ejecutivos como la memoria de trabajo (MT) y la inhibición. Dado que el desarrollo de estas habilidades continúa hasta la adolescencia tardía, esta investigación propone estudiar el rol que sobre los distintos niveles de rendimiento en comprensión lectora ejercen ambos procesos en adolescentes de dos franjas etarias.Método. Se evaluó el desempeño en comprensión de textos, MT, inhibición, fluidez lectora y habilidades verbales en 104 adolescentes (12/13 años n= 53; 17/18 años n= 51).Resultados. Se encontró que los desempeños en comprensión lectora, MT e inhibición presentan incrementos significativos según la edad. A su vez, la correlación parcial mostró que la comprensión lectora se asocia a: habilidades verbales, MT e inhibición. Por último, las pruebas de diferencia de grupos señalan que los estudiantes con alto y bajo rendimiento en comprensión difieren significativamente en habilidades verbales y funcionamiento ejecutivo en la franja 12/13 años. En cambio, sólo difieren significativamente en habilidades verbales en la franja 17/18 años.Conclusión. La comprensión lectora, la MT y la inhibición mejoran durante la adolescencia. Sin embargo, la relación entre estas habilidades difiere según el momento etario considerado.