bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O TUTORIAL EM VÍDEO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DAS CAPACIDADES DE LINGUAGEM EM FRANCÊS COMO LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA DE ALUNOS ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Sumiya Aline Hitomi
Published: August 2019

Neste artigo, apresentaremos uma análise preliminar das produções iniciais e finais de tutoriais em vídeo produzidos por alunos adolescentes. A partir dessa análise, tínhamos por finalidade saber se, a partir da sequência didática trabalhada, os alunos desenvolveram as capacidades de linguagem em francês como língua estrangeira (FLE). Parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado em andamento, esse estudo tem por objetivo investigar o gênero multimodal tutorial em vídeo e suas contribuições para o ensino-aprendizagem de francês como língua estrangeira por adolescentes. Para realizá-lo, nos baseamos, no quadro teórico-metodológico do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (ISD) proposto por Bronckart (1999, 2006, 2008), nos estudos de Schneuwly e Dolz (2004/2010), em relação à utilização de gêneros textuais em sala de aula e no quadro da Semiótica Sociointeracional (LEAL, 2010), em que se é proposta a junção do modelo de análise textual do ISD e as funções da Gramática do Design Visual (KRESS et VAN LEEUWEN, 2006). Ainda que o gênero trabalhado seja complexo, por articular aspectos verbais e não verbais na sua construção, essa análise preliminar mostrará que, a partir da sequência didática trabalhada, houve um significativo desenvolvimento das capacidades de linguagem dos alunos.
Beyond spikes: Multiscale computational analysis ofin vivolong-term recordings in the cockroach circadian clock
Authors: Rojas Pablo , Plath Jenny A. , Gestrich Julia , Ananthasubramaniam Bharath , Garcia Martin E. , Herzel Hanspeter , Stengl Monika
Published: August 2019

The circadian clock of the nocturnal Madeira cockroach is located in the accessory medulla, a small nonretinotopic neuropil in the brain’s visual system. The clock comprises about 240 neurons that control rhythms in physiology and behavior such as sleep-wake cycles. The clock neurons contain an abundant number of partly colocalized neuropeptides, among them pigment-dispersing factor (PDF), the insects’ most important circadian coupling signal that controls sleep-wake rhythms. We performed long-term loose-patch clamp recordings under 12:12-hr light-dark cycles in the cockroach clock in vivo. A wide range of timescales, from milliseconds to seconds, were found in spike and field potential patterns. We developed a framework of wavelet transform–based methods to detect these multiscale electrical events. We analyzed frequencies and patterns of events with interesting dynamic features, such as mixed-mode oscillations reminiscent of sharp-wave ripples. Oscillations in the beta/gamma frequency range (20–40 Hz) were observed to rise at dawn, when PDF is released, peaking just before the onset of locomotor activity of the nocturnal cockroach. We expect that in vivo electrophysiological recordings combined with neuropeptide/antagonist applications and behavioral analysis will determine whether specific patterns of electrical activity recorded in the network of the cockroach circadian clock are causally related to neuropeptide-dependent control of behavior.
Artificial Detection of Lower-Frequency Periodicity in Climatic Studies by Wavelet Analysis Demonstrated on Synthetic Time Series
Authors: Hochman Assaf , Saaroni Hadas , Abramovich Felix , Alpert Pinhas
Published: August 2019

The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is a frequently used tool to study periodicity in climate and other time series. Periodicity plays a significant role in climate reconstruction and prediction. In numerous studies, the use of CWT revealed dominant periodicity (DP) in climatic time series. Several studies suggested that these “natural oscillations” would even reverse global warming. It is shown here that the results of wavelet analysis for detecting DPs can be misinterpreted in the presence of local singularities that are manifested in lower frequencies. This may lead to false DP detection. CWT analysis of synthetic and real-data climatic time series, with local singularities, indicates a low-frequency DP even if there is no true periodicity in the time series. Therefore, it is argued that this is an inherent general property of CWT. Hence, applying CWT to climatic time series should be reevaluated, and more careful analysis of the entire wavelet power spectrum is required, with a focus on high frequencies as well. A conelike shape in the wavelet power spectrum most likely indicates the presence of a local singularity in the time series rather than a DP, even if the local singularity has an observational or a physical basis. It is shown that analyzing the derivatives of the time series may be helpful in interpreting the wavelet power spectrum. Nevertheless, these tests are only a partial remedy that does not completely neutralize the effects caused by the presence of local singularities.
Trace Gas Detection System Based on All-Optical Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy
Authors: Lin Cheng , Liao Yu , Fang Fei
Published: August 2019

An all-optical quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy system (QEPAS) with quadrature point stabilization for trace gas detection was reported. The extrinsic interferometry-based optical fiber Fabry–Perot sensor with quadrature point self-stabilization for detection of quartz prong vibration was used to replace the conventional one. The optimal coefficient of the modulation depth was ∼2.2 theoretically and experimentally, corresponding to the modulation depth of ∼0.1795 cm−1 at an acetylene (C2H2) absorption line of 6534.36 cm−1. Furthermore, the enhancement of QEPAS signal was obtained by using different microresonators. The minimum detectable limit of ∼580 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) was obtained. A normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient for C2H2 of 2.95 × 10−7 cm−1·W·Hz–1/2 was obtained. The detection sensitivity was enhanced by a factor of ∼2.1 in comparison to the conventional QEPAS system. The linear correlation coefficient of the QEPAS signal response to the C2H2 concentration was 0.998 within the range from 10 parts per million by volume (ppmv) to 500 ppmv. Finally, the long-term stability of the QEPAS system was evaluated using Allan deviation analysis, and the ultimate detection limit of ∼130 ppbv was reached for an optimum averaging time of ∼108 s at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature.
Vocational Psychology: Expanding the Vision and Enhancing the Impact
Authors: Blustein David L. , Ali Saba Rasheed , Flores Lisa Y.
Published: August 2019

In this contribution, we provide a critical analysis of the current status of vocational psychology and present an expansive vision for the future. We begin with an overview of the importance of vocational psychology in the history of The Counseling Psychologist, followed by a critical review of contemporary theory, research, practice, and training. We aim to expand the traditional purview of career choice and development and broaden the impact of the field to meet the needs of all who work and who want to work. We propose a new mission for vocational psychology characterized by innovative theoretical advancements, renewed interdisciplinary and international collaborations, and the inclusion of macrolevel factors in research, practice, and policy. Lastly, we conclude with a vision of vocational psychology in 20 years, which optimally will be reflected in a broadened scope of mission, integrative theoretical frameworks, and an expanded training and policy agenda.
The Orphan Drug Act: An Appropriate Approval Pathway for Treatments of Rare Diseases?
Authors: Gabay Michael
Published: August 2019

The Orphan Drug Act provides financial incentives to pharmaceutical manufacturers to develop treatments for rare diseases affecting limited patient populations. Since passage of the Act in 1983, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved more than 600 orphan drug indications from greater than 450 distinct drug products. The annual number of orphan drug designation approvals has increased significantly in the recent past with much of this increase driven by approval of secondary indications for previously approved treatments. This recent increase has led to concerns regarding the Act as some pharmaceutical manufacturers have reaped outsized financial benefits while avoiding the regulatory requirements and costs associated with nonorphan drug development.
Third-Party Intervention and the Preservation of Bargaining Relationships
Authors: Weinberg Bradley R.
Published: August 2019

This article uses longitudinal bargaining contract data to examine whether third-party dispute resolution procedures improve the health of bargaining relationships and contribute to their preservation. The author uses survival analysis to assess whether the procedures correlate with the likelihood of relationship dissolution. This analysis shows that earlier procedures in the dispute resolution process, such as conciliation and mediation, are related to a lower likelihood of dissolution than are later ones. The author then uses dynamic panel models to consider whether third-party intervention pushes the parties to settle subsequent collective agreements voluntarily or earlier in the process, but he finds no evidence to this effect.
‘Dalits are in India, not in Pakistan’: Exploring the Discursive Bases of the Denial of Dalitness under the Ashrafia Hegemony
Authors: Hussain Ghulam
Published: August 2019

This paper is an attempt to investigate the discursive bases of the categorical and identity-based choices available to the Dalits under the Ashrafia hegemony, and the resultant denial of Dalitness prevalent among the Dalits and the Sindhi civil society in, Pakistan. Informed by the Ambedkarian (subaltern) perspective, I analyse the conversational interviews conducted with the Dalit activists (mostly Scheduled Castes), and with their Ashrafia class counterparts. Interrogating the superior status of Sayed caste(s), I contend that the the denial of casteism, the opposition to the use of the ‘Dalit’ identity marker and the negation of the Dalitness seemed to have as much to do with the belief in Ashrafia values as it had with the normative sanction of the Savarna. values.Both the Savarna and the Ashrafia values seemed to seek legitimacy from the dominant ethnocentric forms of the politicized Sufism. Political Sufism merges the Savarna and Ashrafia norms by means of the syncretic narrative based on interfaith harmony and the civilisational rhetoric. Ashrafisation (also Savarnisation) and the reverence towards Sayeds were the key self-perpetuating hegemonic processes underlying the attempts by the Dalits and the civil society activists to dissipate cognitive dissonance underlying the existing Dalitness and the Ashrafia hegemony. I, therefore, conclude that the practices and the narratives prevalent in Sindhi civil society undermined the Dalit agency to come up with their own counter-hegemonic and emancipatory narrative(s).
Who Enrolls in High School Music? A National Profile of U.S. Students, 2009–2013
Authors: Elpus Kenneth , Abril Carlos R.
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study is to construct a complete demographic profile of high school music ensemble students using nationally representative data for the U.S. graduating high school class of 2013. We make use of restricted-use data from the National Center for Education Statistics High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS). Results showed that 24% of the class of 2013 enrolled in at least one year of a course in band, choir, or orchestra at some point during high school. Music students were 60% female and 40% male, and the racial/ethnic composition of music ensemble students was 58% White, 13% Black or African American, 17% Hispanic or Latino, 4% Asian or Pacific Islander, 8% two or more races, and under 1% American Indian or Alaska Native. Students from the highest socioeconomic status quintiles were overrepresented among music students. Fully 61% of music ensemble students participated in some form of arts activity outside of school, and 71% of music students attended a play, concert, or live show with their parents as ninth graders. Complete results presented in the article include disaggregated profiles by type of ensemble and a multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Viewing and reviewing Shakespeare: John Barton and Peter Hall
Authors: Wells Sir Stanley
Published: August 2019

This article discusses the intellectual and theatrical background of Peter Hall and John Barton and describes some of their work for the Royal Shakespeare Company. It proceeds to a discussion of various kinds of theatre reviewing – for radio, for television, for the popular press, for learned journals, and in more extended studies such as those in the author’s book Royal Shakespeare (1986). Noting the increasing availability of sound and video recordings, the author suggests that eye-witness accounts remain invaluable because they give a sense of the impact of productions within the social and cultural context of their time.
Geographic Variance in Maryland’s Potentially Preventable Emergency Visits: Comparison of Explanatory Models
Authors: Rowe Gina C.
Published: August 2019

The use of emergency departments (EDs) for potentially preventable visits is costly and inefficient. In Maryland, about 20%–30% of such visits are ambulatory care sensitive and thus potentially preventable. The uninsured are often perceived to account for a disproportionate share of such visits. This analysis aimed to (a) compare and explain the geographic variance in Maryland’s potentially preventable ED visit (PPV) rates for the total and uninsured populations and (b) test the predictive value of regression models developed. Geographic hot spots of increased PPV rates were highly correlated for uninsured and total populations, but uninsured rates were more clustered in urban areas. Poisson and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models best fit the data and predicted 40%–52% and 46% of the variance in 2009 total and uninsured rates, respectively. Significant predictors of increased PPV rates were social determinants of health: lower per capita income and education levels, and higher percentage of female-headed households.
Design and baseline characteristics of the Biomarkers Of Risk In Colorectal Cancer (BORICC) Follow-Up study: A 12+ years follow-up
Authors: Malcomson FC , Breininger SP , ElGendy K , Joel A , Ranathunga RMTK , Hill TR , Bradburn D Michael , Turnbull DM , Greaves LC , Mathers JC
Published: August 2019

Background:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Age is the strongest non-modifiable risk factor but it is estimated that over half of CRC cases are linked with lifestyle factors such as diet. The Biomarkers Of RIsk of Colorectal Cancer (BORICC) Study recruited 363 participants in 2005 to investigate the effects of lifestyle factors on biomarkers of CRC risk.

Aim:

In the present BORICC Follow-Up (BFU) Study, we are using a longitudinal study design to investigate the effects of ageing (12+ years) and lifestyle factors on biomarkers of CRC risk and on healthy ageing.

Methods:

BFU Study participants attended a study visit at North Tyneside General Hospital (UK) for collection of biological samples, including blood and rectal biopsies, and information collected included anthropometric measurements, a Health & Medications Questionnaire, physical activity and sedentary behaviour, and habitual diet. Furthermore, musculoskeletal function was assessed by heel bone densitometry, timed up and go and hand grip strength as markers of healthy ageing. The BFU Study outcomes will be similar to those measured at baseline in the BORICC Study, such as DNA methylation and mitochondrial function, with additional measurements including the gut microbiome, faecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations and expression of genes associated with CRC.

Results:

Participants’ recruitment to BFU Study and all sample and data collection have been completed. Forty-seven of the original BORICC participants were re-recruited to the BFU Study (mean age 67 years, 51% female). The recruits included 37 initially healthy participants and 10 participants who had adenomatous polyps at baseline. Approximately 70% of participants were over-weight or obese.

Conclusion:

Ultimately, identifying lifestyle factors that can reduce CRC risk, and understanding the underlying mechanisms for the effects of lifestyle and ageing on CRC risk, could lead to early prevention strategies.
Radiofrequency ablation using injectable cooled electrode: the effects of lidocaine injection in ex vivo study
Authors: Park Sun-Young , Chung Hye Won , Baek Jung Hwan , Lee Jeong Hyun , Lee Min Hee , Lee Joon Woo
Published: August 2019

Background

Pain control is needed during radiofrequency ablation in musculoskeletal tumor. The effect of radiofrequency ablation can be modulated by lidocaine injection.

Purpose

To evaluate the effects of injectable electrodes with intralesional lidocaine injection and compare its ablation performance with that of non-injectable electrodes in ex vivo pork sirloin.

Material and Methods

Five specimen groups were used to investigate the effects of fluid injection before radiofrequency ablation using injectable and non-injectable electrodes: three injectable electrode comparison groups with 2% lidocaine (group A); 1% lidocaine (group B); 0.9% sodium chloride (group C); injectable electrode reference group without fluid (group D); and non-injectable electrode control group (group E). The injectable and non-injectable electrodes were 17-gauge electrodes each having a 1-cm active tip. Technical parameters, ablation size, and volumes were compared between the five groups.

Results

Mean energies and currents during radiofrequency ablation were significantly lower for the four injectable electrode groups compared to group E (all P < 0.005). Two transverse diameters, vertical diameter, and volumes in the four injectable electrode groups were significantly smaller than those in group E (all P < 0.05). Among the injectable electrode groups, volumes and two transverse diameters were significantly smaller in group A than in group D (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

A slightly smaller ablation zone is obtained when lidocaine injection is performed before radiofrequency ablation using an injectable electrode compared to a non-injectable electrode.
Impact of Airline Mergers on Environmental Externalities
Authors: Park Yongjoon
Published: August 2019

The U.S. airline industry has experienced consolidation in the last decade. At the same time, global environmental concerns have continued to grow. This paper examines the impact of three recent airline mergers on the environment by comparing per-departure NOX emission and the total NOX emission from merging firms at a given airport versus those emitted by non-merging firms at the same airport, by focusing on emissions from airplane flight landing/take-off cycles. The regression results suggest that mergers overall have no impact on either per-departure NOX emissions or total NOX emissions, while some individual mergers resulted in decreased emissions. However, this study finds that mergers have a negative impact on NOX emissions in the medium term when flight destinations are hub airports and a positive impact on NOX emissions in the medium term when flight destinations are non-hub airports.
Comparison of Literacy Screener Risk Selection Between English Proficient Students and English Learners
Authors: Cummings Kelli D. , Smolkowski Keith , Baker Doris Luft
Published: August 2019

Universal screening is a critical component of school-based prevention systems. Screening data enable educators to target students for supplemental intervention, align resources to meet needs, and identify students who may be at risk for learning disabilities. One major requirement of the screening process is that all students are included to gain an accurate picture of school performance. It is therefore surprising that few evaluations of screening systems have focused on English language measures and their use with English learners. In this article, we aim to evaluate common screening thresholds, 54 across Grades k–3, to determine the extent to which they may differ between English learners and English proficient students. Results indicate that many thresholds are consistent between groups with some exceptions in kindergarten. We discuss implications for screening assessment and decision making but suggest that similar cut scores across groups do not imply similar intervention strategies.
The Gang Member Stands Out: Stigma as a Residual Consequence of Gang Involvement
Authors: Lee Sou , Bubolz Bryan F.
Published: August 2019

The topic of stigma and discrimination has been explored among various criminal justice populations; however, few studies have examined the stigma associated with being a former gang member. This study explores the stigmatic experiences among a sample of 30 self-identified former gang members to highlight the ongoing discrimination they experience in the time following involvement. Using grounded theory, results indicate that two thirds of study participants either anticipated or directly experienced stigma on behalf of the police or general public in the time since gang exit. These experiences were believed to impede future avenues of success and social integration. In addition to highlighting the frequency of anticipated and experienced stigma, we describe the sources of stigma that indicate former gang involvement. The sources of stigma include aspects of voluntary self-presentation such as tattoos and style of dress as well as official sources of gang intelligence that is most closely associated with gang databases. We conclude by discussing potential avenues for addressing reintegration and adjustment strategies among former gang members.
Gender, Race, and Diversity Values Among Local Government Leaders
Authors: Feeney Mary K. , Camarena Leonor
Published: August 2019

Despite the increased emphasis placed on diversity and inclusion, there is relatively little research that focuses on diversity values in small and medium-sized cities. This research uses data from a 2016 nationally representative survey to investigate how city department leaders’ perceptions of their organizations valuing diversity are related to the identity of the department head, the mayor, and the community. We find that women and people of color are underrepresented in city department leadership. Reporting that one’s organization values racial and gender diversity is significantly related to respondent gender, respondent race (for women), mayoral race (for women), and diversity in the community (for men), and that the interaction of mayoral and community identity is related to perceived diversity values. We conclude with a discussion of what these findings mean for diversity and inclusion in practice in local government departments, which often lack demographic diversity.
Hepatotoxicity and chromosomal abnormalities evaluation due to single and repeated oral exposures of chromium oxide nanoparticles in Wistar rats
Authors: Fatima Ravish , Ahmad Riaz
Published: August 2019

Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have widespread uses ranging from nanoelectronics to nanotherapeutics. Because of their expanding industrial applications, a better understanding of their toxicity is needed. So far, limited reports are available on chromium oxide NPs (Cr2O3 NPs) toxicity. In this work, Cr2O3 NPs were synthesized and characterized in a sequential manner using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Dose- and time-dependent toxicity assessment of Cr2O3 NPs was carried out in Wistar rats by examining liver function biomarkers, tissue histopathology, micronuclei (MN) formation, and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in bone marrow along with sperm abnormalities. The results of this study demonstrated typical XRD and FTIR patterns of Cr2O3 NPs with a size of approximately 23.47 nm. Animals exposed to Cr2O3 NPs, exhibited a significant increase in aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, and total bilirubin, signifying liver injury. Histopathology data also supported the marked alterations in the liver biochemistry of NPs-exposed animals. Further, an increase in the frequency of MN, CA, and sperm abnormalities suggested Cr2O3 NPs-mediated genotoxicity. It is, therefore, suggested that possible safety issues of Cr2O3 NPs should be addressed promptly with limited future use in occupational settings.
Breaking Down Benefits: Employee Understanding of Benefits and Readability Levels of University Benefits Handbooks
Authors: Perrault Evan K. , Hildenbrand Grace M.
Published: August 2019

Benefits are often cited as one of the most important factors to hiring and retaining employees. One of the key ways employees learn about benefits is through communications provided by their human resources departments. However, little research has been dedicated to how effective employees perceive human resources communication about benefits to be. Universities offer a unique environment to study benefits communication due to employees’ diverse educational backgrounds. Employees’ perceived ease of understanding benefits information was investigated. Guided by a universal precautions approach to health literacy, this study also examined readability levels of benefits handbooks from more than two dozen large U.S. universities. Surprisingly, results revealed that faculty, and those with graduate degrees, had the lowest perceptions that they received easily understandable benefits information from their employer. Additionally, average benefits handbook readability levels are approximately twice the recommended level for a typical adult to adequately comprehend. Suggestions for improving benefits handbooks are discussed.
Food Service Guideline Policies on Local Government–Controlled Properties
Authors: Zaganjor Hatidza , Bishop Kendrick Katherine , Onufrak Stephen , Ralston Aoki Julie , Whitsel Laurie P. , Kimmons Joel
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

Local governments can implement food service guideline (FSG) policies, which, in large cities, may reach millions of people. This study identified FSG policies among the 20 largest US cities and analyzed them for key FSG policy attributes.

Design:

Quantitative research.

Setting:

Local government facilities.

Participants:

Twenty largest US cities.

Measures:

Frequency of FSG policies and percent alignment to tool.

Analysis:

Using municipal legal code libraries and other data sources, FSG policies enacted as of December 31, 2016, were identified. Full-text reviews were conducted of identified policies to determine whether they met inclusion criteria. Included policies were analyzed for key policy attributes specific to nutrition, behavioral design, implementation, and facility efficiency.

Results:

Searches identified 469 potential FSG policies, of which 6 policies across 5 cities met inclusion criteria. Five policies met a majority of criteria assessed by the classification tool. Overall alignment to the tool ranged from 17% to 88%. Of the 6 policies, 5 met a majority of the nutrition attributes and 5 met at least 50% of attributes associated with implementation. No policies met the attributes associated with facility efficiency.

Conclusion:

The FSG policies were identified in 5 of the 20 US cities. Policy alignment was high for nutrition and implementation attributes. This analysis suggests that when cities adopt FSG policies, many develop policies that align with key policy attributes. These policies can serve as models for other jurisdictions to create healthier food access through FSGs.
Careerography in Career Counseling Practice, Research, and Training
Authors: Park-Taylor Jennie , Reynolds (Taewon Choi) Jason D. , Jackson Margo A. , Ponterotto Joseph G.
Published: August 2019

Careerography, which is the intensive examination of the work experiences and career life course of an individual of historical or present significance through a vocational theoretical lens, has several important applications for psychologists. The present article provides a brief overview of careerography in the context of the more established field of psychobiography. The utility of careerography for career counseling practice, research, and training is outlined, and specific examples of how careerography can be integrated into graduate-level curricula, research; and clinical experiences are then highlighted. Finally, careerography is introduced as a promising career education tool that increases underrepresented and marginalized youths’ access to diverse career role models.
Aerodynamic model of propeller–wing interaction for distributed propeller aircraft concept
Authors: Bohari Baizura , Borlon Quentin , Bronz Murat , Benard Emmanuel
Published: August 2019

The present investigation addresses two key issues in aerodynamic performance of a propeller–wing configuration, namely linear and nonlinear predictions with low-order numerical models. The developed aerodynamic model is targeted to be used in the preliminary aircraft design loop. First, the combination of selected propeller model, i.e. blade element theory with the wing model, i.e. lifting line theory and vortex lattice method is considered for linear aerodynamic model. Second, for the nonlinear prediction, a modified vortex lattice method is paired with the two-dimensional viscous effect of the airfoils to simplify and reduce the computational time. These models are implemented and validated with existing experimental data to predict the differences in lift and drag distribution. Overall, the predicted results show agreement with low percentage of error compared with the experimental data for various thrust coefficients and produced induced drag distribution that behaves as expected.
Unsteady simulation of aircraft electro-thermal deicing process with temperature-based method
Authors: Shen Xiaobin , Wang Huanfa , Lin Guiping , Bu Xueqin , Wen Dongsheng
Published: August 2019

Considering the mass and energy sources carried by the accumulated ice layer, an unsteady heat and mass transfer model of the runback water film on the deicing surface is established to simulate aircraft electro-thermal deicing process. With the extension of the freezing coefficient to the transient calculation, the coupled heat transfer of the runback water and the solid skin is solved at each time step by a temperature-based method. Unsteady numerical simulation is carried out for the electro-thermal deicing system of a NACA 0012 airfoil. The temperature variations with time are in acceptable agreement with the literature data, and the unsteady temperature-based deicing model is verified. The calculation results of temperature, runback water flux and ice thickness on the deicing surface are analyzed at different time points, and it is shown that the unsteady electro-thermal deicing model can capture the main features of the icing, ice melting and re-freezing processes in the transient deicing simulations.
Robust adaptive relative position and attitude integrated control for approaching uncontrolled tumbling spacecraft
Authors: Liu Jianghui , Li Haiyang , Luo Yazhong , Zhang Jin
Published: August 2019

The six-degree-of-freedom coupling control of the relative orbit and relative attitude of a chaser approaching an uncontrolled tumbling target is studied in this paper. The chaser must reach an aimed position in the body coordinate system of the uncontrolled tumbling target spacecraft, and at the same time the attitude of the chaser should be synchronized with the attitude of the target. First, the integrated model of relative position and attitude is established based on the T–H equations and the error quaternion. Then, considering the safety of the approaching process, the nominal trajectory of the chaser is designed. Finally, a robust adaptive relative position and relative attitude controller is designed. An adaptive tuning method is used to deal with external disturbances and system uncertainties, and the upper bounds need not be known in advance. Simulation results show that the proposed method can track the aimed position of the uncontrolled tumbling target and complete the attitude synchronization, and the controller is still effective even for the target tumbling at a high angular velocity. Compared with the existing researches, the duration to complete position tracking and attitude synchronization is greatly reduced, the required maximum force and torque are smaller, and the dynamic response performance of the system is improved.
An optimal design model for the wall thickness of the propellant tank
Authors: Xin Tengda , Wang Hua , Cui Cunyan , Zhao Jiguang
Published: August 2019

The propellant tank is a vital part for the liquid rocket, and the optimal design of the propellant tank is a significant research to develop the heavy rocket. This paper aims at providing an optimal design model for tank wall thickness. Through establishing the tank mathematical model, analyzing the stress distributions of tank, and defining the equivalent stress of tank, the wall thickness parameters of tank roof, cylinder, and bottom are obtained. The effects of tank parameters on the wall thickness are analyzed to determine the distribution rules of tank roof, cylinder, and bottom wall thickness parameters. Combined with the safety factor that is defined as the ratio of the material's ultimate stress to the maximum equivalent stress, the optimal design model with invariable tank roof and bottom wall thicknesses and variable tank cylinder wall thickness is established. Finally, the optimal design model is verified by comparing the optimal tank with the original tank. The results show that the optimal design model can effectively decrease the mass of the tank and improve the stress distribution of the tank.
Effect of Prejudice and References on Employee Selection Process: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Waheed Abdul , Yang Jianhua
Published: August 2019

Hiring is likely a more critical process for an organization, which might be possible through distinct procedures. Simultaneously, employee selection process has vital importance in which organizations adopt numerous methods and techniques to assess the dynamic individual. Many researchers have claimed that there are diverse factors that affect the employee selection process. Despite, this study investigates the effect of prejudice and references on the employee selection process within the context of banking sector in Pakistan. To this end, primary data were collected through questionnaire distribution among 400 human resource managers of all levels, that is, top, middle and first-line managers within the period of October 2015 to May 2016. Subsequently, 310 surveys were acquired for final analysis that indicates 78 per cent accuracy in the response rate. Furthermore, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) techniques were applied to research findings using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS. 20.0). It is revealed that prejudice (P) and reference (R) have a significant correlation on the employee selection process. However, the levels of intensity are quite different in each sub-attribute as thereafter demonstrated hierarchically. Finally, our research proposes few future studies for the research scholars and practitioners.
Word Reading in Boys With Isolated Oral Clefts: Comparison to Unaffected Average and Dyslexic Readers Using the Dual-Route Model
Authors: Kuhlmann Emily Hope , Conrad Amy Lynn
Published: August 2019

Objective:

To examine word reading performance between boys with isolated cleft lip and/or palate (iCL/P), unaffected average reading (uAR), and unaffected impaired reading (uIR), using the dual-route model.

Design:

Case/control study.

Setting:

University children’s hospital.

Participants:

Males, between the ages of 8 to 11 years, with iCL/P (n = 26), uIR (n = 33), or uAR (n = 28).

Methods:

Single word reading and achievement were evaluated. Analyses of variance and analyses of covariance evaluated group differences in achievement. Medical records were reviewed for iCL/P participants for audiology and speech history. Spearman ρ correlations were calculated between hearing, speech, and reading achievement for the iCL/P group.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Reading performance was evaluated using select subscales from the Woodcock Johnson Reading Mastery Test, 3rd Edition and the Test of Orthographic Competence.

Results:

Participants with iCL/P had higher than expected rates of reading impairment, differing across cleft type (0% iCL, 50% isolated cleft lip and palate [iCLP], 71.4% isolated cleft palate only [iCP]). On measures of word reading accuracy, iCL/P participants outscored uIR participants, with uAR participants scoring the highest. This pattern was specific to nonlexical reading tasks. Participants in the uAR and iCL/P groups outscored uIR participants on lexical tasks, with no significant differences between uAR and iCL/P. Evaluation of speech and hearing revealed no significant relationship to single word reading or achievement measures in the iCL/P group.

Conclusions:

Boys with iCL/P are at a higher risk of reading impairments, particularly within the iCP subset. Regular screening should be encouraged, with skills from both lexical and nonlexical routes assessed.
Comrades-in-[Each Other’s]-Arms: Homosociality, Masculinity and Effeminacy in the Turkish Army
Authors: Atuk T.
Published: August 2019

In Turkey, the military regulation Article 17 prohibits men who suffer “visible sexual identity and/or behavioral defects” from serving in the armed forces. The final decision of exemption, however, is made by doctors depending on the cogency of the femininity/effeminacy draftees perform. Based on seven oral histories of gay men and a trans woman who served in the army, and five oral histories of gay men, including myself, who obtained the certificate of discharge, this article discusses the constitutive role of homosociality in the production of military masculinity and the abjection of effeminacy by raising three interrelated points: (a) (Turkish) military masculinity is essentially fragile and shattered due to the lack of distinct boundaries between male homosociality and homosexuality. Therefore the medico-military gaze, as well as the proper soldiers, must protect, albeit unskillfully, the boundaries separating the two. (b) For the medico-military gaze and the military culture, the real peril to homosocial bonding and military masculinity is not homoerotic intimacy or gay sex per se, but effeminacy. And (c) in the Turkish Armed Forces, effeminophobia is an instrument employed in defense of the homosocial safe zone.
The Combined Effect of Body Mass Index and Tibial Slope Angles on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk in Male Knees: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Kızılgöz Volkan , Sivrioğlu Ali Kemal , Aydın Hasan , Ulusoy Gökhan Ragıp , Çetin Türkhun , Tuncer Kutsi
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

Tibial slope angles (TSAs) have been identified as potential risk factors of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in the literature. A higher body mass index (BMI) might increase the risk of ACL tear because of greater axial compressive force. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of these factors and the combined effect of BMI and TSA in determination of risk potential for ACL injury.

Methods:

The preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images of 81 ACL-injured male knees and of 68 male individuals with no ACL injuries were evaluated by 2 radiologists to measure the TSA. The Mann-Whitney U-test was performed to indicate the significant difference in height, weight, and BMI values. The independent samples t-test was used to determine the differences between ACL-injured and non-injured groups regarding TSA values. Odds ratios were calculated by logistic regression tests, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves revealed the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) values to compare the relationships of these parameters with ACL injury.

Results:

Body mass index, lateral tibial slope (LTS), and medial tibial slope (MTS) were predictive of ACL risk injury. Body mass index alone had the greatest effect among these parameters, and there were no statistically significant differences in coronal tibial slope values between the ACL-ruptured and control groups. The greatest AUC was observed for the combination of BMI, MTS, and LTS.

Conclusions:

Body mass index, LTS, and MTS angles were associated with ACL injury risk and BMI + MTS + LTS together revealed the greatest effect on ACL injury.
Reduced arterial compliance along the cerebrovascular tree predicts cognitive slowing in multiple sclerosis: Evidence for a neurovascular uncoupling hypothesis
Authors: Sivakolundu Dinesh K , West Kathryn L , Maruthy Gayathri B , Zuppichini Mark , Turner Monroe P , Abdelkarim Dema , Zhao Yuguang , Nguyen Dylan , Spence Jeffrey S , Lu Hanzhang , Okuda Darin T , Rypma Bart
Published: August 2019

Background:

Cognitive slowing occurs in ~70% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The pathophysiology of this slowing is unknown. Neurovascular coupling, acute localized blood flow increases following neural activity, is essential for efficient cognition. Loss of vascular compliance along the cerebrovascular tree would result in suboptimal vasodilation, neurovascular uncoupling, and cognitive slowing.

Objective:

To assess vascular compliance along the cerebrovascular tree and its relationship to MS-related cognition.

Methods:

We tested vascular compliance along the cerebrovascular tree by dividing cerebral cortex into nested layers. MS patients and healthy controls were scanned using a dual-echo functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sequence while they periodically inhaled room air and hypercapnic gas mixture. Cerebrovascular reactivity was calculated from both cerebral blood flow (arterial) and blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal (venous) increases per unit increase in end-tidal CO2.

Results:

Arterial cerebrovascular reactivity changes along the cerebrovascular tree were reduced in cognitively slow MS compared to cognitively normal MS and healthy controls. These changes were fit to exponential functions, the decay constant (arterial compliance index; ACI) of which was associated with individual subjects’ reaction time and predicted reaction time after controlling for disease processes.

Conclusion:

Such associations suggest prospects for utility of ACI in predicting future cognitive disturbances, monitoring cognitive deficiencies and therapeutic responses, and implicates neurovascular uncoupling as a mechanism of cognitive slowing in MS.
Customer orientation and SME performance in Albania: A case study of the mediating role of innovativeness and innovation behavior
Authors: Domi Shpresim , Capelleras Joan-Lluís , Musabelliu Bari
Published: August 2019

Although the tourism industry in Albania has had an impressive growth in the last years, it is currently facing several challenges. This study examines the determinants of Albanian tourism small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) performance. More specifically, the direct effects of customer orientation (CO) on performance and its indirect effects mediated by innovativeness and innovation behavior are investigated. Quantitative data from a survey conducted on 211 Albanian tourism SMEs, together with qualitative information gathered from personal interviews, are considered. Results indicate that CO has a direct positive impact not only on performance but also on both innovativeness and innovation behavior. However, none of these two dimensions of innovation play a mediating role in the relationship between CO and performance. Implications from these findings are discussed.
Governing excess: Boxing, biopolitics and the body
Authors: Hardes Jennifer Jane
Published: August 2019

During the late 18th to late 19th centuries, practices of duelling and prize fighting were criminalized in Britain, while boxing remained legal. Through a genealogical method, this article locates discourses, primarily law, medicine, policing and science, to trace these mechanisms of criminalization and legalization. Focusing on the jurisdictions of the United Kingdom and the United States, I argue that the legalization of boxing did not simply emerge as a part of a ‘civilizing process’. Rather, I explain these processes of criminalization and legalization in the context of biopolitical rationalities of governance. In contrast to its contemporaries, boxing was rationalized as a scientific ‘sport’ that fitted with wider biopolitical visions of public health and well-being: allegedly it did not breed violence or threaten the public peace but was instead practised by skilled technicians. However, the biopolitical management of human life within rational and scientific form comes at a price: life’s ontological need for expression, and the drive to experience and witness boxing’s corporeal excesses remains a ghostly presence threatening to undo the sweet ‘science’.
How to characterize research and scholarship that matters for the educational field?
Authors: Smeyers Paul
Published: August 2019

For many decades, debates about the ‘what’ and ‘how’ have haunted the academic discipline of education. The temptation to rely on methods characteristic of empirical educational research can also be observed in some developments of philosophy of education. Both stances are criticized for neglecting various aspects in their approach as well as in the content studied: the field of education and child-rearing. Starting from the crystalline purity that may be looked for either in content or method, it is argued the research and scholarship that matter for the educational field should envisage research and reflection that attends sensitively and practically to both the particular and the general dimensions of that which one is examining. This requires a pragmatic concept of interpretation, a way of characterizing philosophy that focuses not only on the overview it may offer, and a balance between all the elements at stake. Only thus may it be possible to ask the right questions and to take up personal ownership of one’s own ethical and practical stance towards the people, things and phenomena one is researching, an invitation to find one’s own place within the world, helping us to make sense of life and to act responsibly.