bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric bi-level dual-core mode converter for high-efficiency and polarization-insensitive O-band fiber-chip edge coupling: breaking the critical size limitation
Authors: Yi Xiaolin , Sun Dongyue , Zhao Weike , Li Hanwen , Zhang Long , Shi Yaocheng , Dai Daoxin
Published: September 2024

Efficient coupling between optical fibers and on-chip photonic waveguides has long been a crucial issue for photonic chips used in various applications. Edge couplers (ECs) based on an inverse taper have seen widespread utilization due to their intrinsic broadband operation. However, it still remains a big challenge to realize polarization-insensitive low-loss ECs working at the O-band (1,260–1,360 nm), mainly due to the strong polarization dependence of the mode coupling/conversion and the difficulty to fabricate the taper tip with an ultra-small feature size. In this paper, a high-efficiency and polarization-insensitive O-band EC is proposed and demonstrated with great advantages that is fully compatible with the current 130-nm-node fabrication processes. By introducing an asymmetric bi-level dual-core mode converter, the fundamental mode confined in the thick core is evanescently coupled to that in the thin core, which has an expanded mode size matched well with the fiber and works well for both TE/TM-polarizations. Particularly, no bi-level junction in the propagation direction is introduced between the thick and thin waveguide sections, thereby breaking the critical limitation of ultra-small feature sizes. The calculated coupling loss is 0.44–0.56/0.48–0.61 dB across the O-band, while achieving 1-dB bandwidths exceeding 340/230 nm for the TE/TM-polarization modes. For the fabricated ECs, the peak coupling loss is ∼0.82 dB with a polarization dependent loss of ∼0.31 dB at the O-band when coupled to a fiber with a mode field diameter of 4 μm. It is expected that this coupling scheme promisingly provides a general solution even for other material platforms, e.g., lithium niobate, silicon nitride and so on.
Optimierung der Produktionsplanung und -steuerung für metallische additive Fertigung
Authors: Gaillard Antoine , Rößler Sebastian , Helmholz Johannes , Junglas Sebastian , Boos Wolfgang
Published: September 2024

The high investment costs in machinery for metal additive manufacturing (mAM) favor the emergence of contract manufacturers. This means that bundling several customer orders into one production order is particularly advantageous given the long production times for mAM. However, there is no order processing model that takes the special features of mAM into account. As a result, the requirements of a mAM for order processing are examined using as a reference the Aachen PPS model and process changes are presented.
Automatisierungspotentialmatrix
Authors: Ziegler Christian , Rößler Markus Philipp
Published: September 2024

In the age of the digital revolution and high global competitive pressure, it is essential for companies to identify and strategically exploit automation potentials. The Automation Potential Matrix evaluates the suitability for automation and the expected business benefits. Through this holistic analysis approach, groundbreaking strategic decisions for production can be made in a very short time, while simultaneously avoiding the most significant mistakes in the selection of the form of automation.
Wärmerückgewinnung bei Kompressoren um jeden Preis?
Authors: Gros Dirk
Published: September 2024

The production of compressed air is energy-intensive and involves heat generation. Therefore, connecting compressors to operational heating networks for heat recovery is now state of the art. However, an investing company should be aware that there can also be unnoticed disadvantages for the actual production of compressed air. For energy reasons it is important to avoid operating compressors with a higher final compression temperature than required. For example in order to meet the operating parameters of a heating system. Air-to-air heat recovery can be a cost-effective alternative to save additional heat recovery costs.
Instandhaltung für die Positive Impact Production
Authors: Greimel Lisa , Guhl Jakob , Toth Daniel , Klees Marina , Ansari Fazel
Published: September 2024

The concept of the “Maintenance-Free Factory” describes the transformation of the maintenance management systems to maximise value-added production time, and thereby generating positive impacts for production systems. Yet, concrete tools and methods for implementation have been lacking. This article reveals how the developed tools can be used to determine the initial situation and how companies can be supported with suitable methods to master the path to transform their maintenance to a value-adding partner. Finally, further areas of research and development are explained.
Vorausschauende Instandhaltung und Effizienzbewertung von Niederspannungsmotoren
Authors: Reuter Thomas , Schmidt Jens , Pérez Álvaro Oteros , Grundmann Andreas
Published: September 2024

The consumption of electric drives in industry and manufacturing accounts for almost two-fifths of all electricity in Germany. Electric motors are thus considered to play a key role in energy savings. Energy savings are particularly high in the power range between 0.75 kW and 40 kW, since this is where most operating hours occur each year. At same time, in addition to energy savings, the maintenance of electric drives also plays a decisive role, as sudden failures can result in high costs due to production downtime or repairs. Against this background, a universally applicable condition monitoring system has been developed that allows electrical performance parameters to be analyzed in a simple and compact way in an industrial environment. The aim of this article is to show the added value of electrical power measurement for energy saving and maintenance planning in mechanical glass processing.
Ansatz zur Bewertung der Kühl- und Schmiereigenschaften kryogener Minimalmengenschmierungen
Authors: Gutzeit Kevin , Kirsch Benjamin , Aurich Jan C.
Published: September 2024

Cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication systems (MQL) combine the high cooling effect of cryogenic media and the resource-efficient lubricating effect of an MQL. However, for efficient use, the cooling and lubrication properties must be precisely matched to the respective application and the load case that occurs. This article presents a tribological approach that enables the quantification of the coefficient of friction and the thermal load in frictional contact. This has shown that the use of a cryogenic MQL can significantly reduce both friction and the temperatures that occur.
Mensch und Maschine: KI und Robotik in der Industrie
Authors: Rommelfanger Jörg
Published: September 2024

Autonomous navigation, pick-and-place applications, quality inspection – robots are already taking over many important tasks in the industry and helping to increase productivity. The use of AI in robotics also has the potential to make the value chain more flexible and resilient. But how can AI and robotics be combined efficiently? And where does this leave humans in the equation?
Rethinking the Smart City as an Intelligent City Archway
Authors: Roche Stéphane , Sangiambut Suthee , Zheng Zhibin
Published: September 2024

Urban intelligence is the ability to understand and navigate the physical and digital dimensions of “connected complex urban places”. For example, new infrastructures (e.g., sensors, Internet of Things {IoT} devices like smart lamp posts) are needed to capture and represent places in software platforms and on the Internet. New spatial skills and spatial thinking are needed to navigate these new interfaces and networks of places. This paper aims at understanding urban intelligence by exploring variations in how smart cities have been conceptualized; how citizens have been placed within the smart city; and how Canada’s smart cities initiative has placed on urban (and highly spatial) problems over digital technologies. The metaphor of the Roman arch is used to describe the interdependency of the building blocks of smart cities. Components (building blocks) of the smart city, be they openness, resilience or inclusion, must all be present, and build towards what we argue is the keystone of urban intelligence. We discuss how these components lead to a new consideration of the smart city, the Intelligent City.
Identificación de genogrupos de protoparvovirus y sus variantes en leucocitos de gatos domésticos del Valle Central de Costa Rica
Authors: Obando Corella Andrea , Solórzano Morales Antony , Jiménez-Soto Mauricio , Dolz Gaby
Published: September 2024

Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1) includes feline parvovirus (or feline panleukopenia virus, FPV) and canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2). Currently, although CPV-2 is not found in nature, its variants CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c are found and can infect cats as well. The objective of this research was to identify CPPV-1 and its variants as antibodies against CPPV-1 in the blood of domestic cats from the Central Valley of Costa Rica. Blood samples were collected from 155 cats, along with the following data: sex, age, breed, vaccination information, the environment where the animal lives (urban or rural), coexistence with other cats, health status, any chronic diseases, lifestyle (indoor or outdoor cat), and place of origin. Blood samples were analyzed by hemagglutination inhibition assay (HIA) and molecular techniques (polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing). Antibodies against CPPV-1 were detected using HIA in all cats; a total of 112 (72.3%) had protective titers (≥1:80). Using real-time PCR, CPPV-1 was detected in the blood of 42 (27.1%) cats, none of which presented anemia, leukopenia, or any chronic disease; five (11.9%) were vaccinated, and three (7.1%) had low body condition but showed appetite and had no other symptom or sign associated with CPPV-1. The group of qPCR-positive cats did not show significant differences compared to the qPCR-negative group regarding age, sex, lifestyle, coexistence with other cats, and antibody titers. Ten asymptomatic and healthy cats showed FPV (n=2) and CPV-2c (n=8) in blood with nucleotide similarities of 100% (GenBank M38246) and 99.8%-100% (GenBank AF401519), respectively.
Espacios para la comunicación científica con perspectiva de género: Reflexiones entorno al lanzamiento de la revista Géneros, Feminismos y diversidades
Authors: Giusti Minotre Fanella , Salgado Silva Maritza
Published: September 2024

This editorial develops a reflection regarding the launch of a journal with a gender perspective in a context of multiple challenges, for example, the recognition of the political subject of feminism and diversities, while prioritizing the oppressions experienced by women and the need to promote the visibility and vindication of the rights of historically vulnerable groups to build more egalitarian environments.
Recent Advances in Lipid Nano-Carrier Systems for the Management of Inflammatory Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India, Anand Kumar , Khawas Sayak ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India, Singh Apurva ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India, Kumari Rashmi ,   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, Indi, Sharma Neelima ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
Published: September 2024

Background: In the past two decades, extensive research has focused on lipid nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery to treat various diseases. Among these, inflammatory conditions pose a formidable challenge in modern healthcare, encompassing a diverse spectrum from autoimmune disorders to chronic inflammation. Effective therapeutic interventions necessitate the development of targeted and efficient delivery systems to address the complexities associated with drug administration. Purpose: This review highlights different approaches of lipid-based nanocarriers to target various inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It focuses on the advancements made in Lipid Nano-Carriers (LNC) with a special emphasis on their inherent safety, lower stability costs, and enhanced encapsulation efficiency. Methods: Recent literature has been surveyed from PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, etc., like search engines, for summarising detailed ongoing developments in the field of lipid nanocarriers for inflammatory diseases, which could prove to be a novel carrier for efficient drug delivery with special emphasis on surface modifications, formulations, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy. Conclusion: This review emphasizes recent researches in the field of lipid-based nano formulations for managing inflammatory disease, as well as extensive discussion on their limitations and future prospective.
The Politics of Islamophobia in Indonesia: Reacting Religious Issues in Politics
Authors: Aryati Ani , Suradi Ahmad , Marpuah Siti
Published: September 2024

This research analyses the political ramifications of Islamophobia in Indonesia, particularly how the apprehension linked to radical Islamic ideologies shapes the responses of government and political entities. Utilising a qualitative library research approach, this paper scrutinises an array of academic books, peer-reviewed journals, and scholarly articles to explore the interplay between religious anxieties and political measures. The findings indicate that the government's approach to combating perceived threats from Islamic movements involves strict enforcement of Pancasila, alleviation of fears regarding the replacement of national ideology by a caliphate, and promotion of religious moderation to deter extremism. The study highlights the politicisation of radicalism and Islamophobia, revealing the strategic use of these concerns to influence public policy and political discourse in Indonesia.
Rituals and Social Cohesion: Cultural Preservation Through Djawa Sunda Cosmology in Cigugur, Kuningan, Indonesia
Authors: Alfan Muhammad
Published: September 2024

This research aims to explore how the Djawa Sunda Religion (Agama Djawa Sunda-ADS) contributes to the preservation of cultural identity and religious practices in the Cigugur community, Kuningan, amidst modernisation and globalisation. Using a qualitative and ethnographic approach, the study focused on documenting the evolution and continued relevance of ADS cosmology through rituals and ceremonies such as Seren Taun. Data collection was conducted through interviews with religious leaders and community members, participant observation, and document analysis. The findings reveal that ADS plays a significant role in maintaining social cohesion and cultural continuity through its cosmological teachings and community rituals despite external pressures of cultural assimilation. The study also highlights the role of ADS in fostering religious pluralism and tolerance in a diverse religious community. The application of this research provides insights for scholars and policymakers interested in cultural preservation and religious pluralism in indigenous communities. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of ADS within the framework of Sundanese cosmology, contributing new perspectives on the intersection of religion, culture, and modernisation in Indonesia.
Reflections on Religious, Cultural, and Political Dynamics in Contemporary Studies
Authors: Busro Busro
Published: September 2024

This issue of Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-agama dan Lintas Budaya presents a collection of eight articles that examine the intricate intersections of religion, culture, and politics in Indonesia and beyond. The studies explore a range of topics, including the regulation of religious practices, the politicisation of Islamophobia, the influence of social networks on political behaviour, and the use of digital platforms in preserving cultural values. The issue also delves into local religious responses to agricultural crises and the role of religious identity in fostering social cohesion. Together, these articles contribute to broader discussions on how religious and cultural practices adapt to changing societal contexts, providing valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and academics.
Toward Eve’s Exodus
Authors: Freese Elizabeth M
Published: September 2024

In an American context of reproductive injustice, the Christian right legitimizes a coercive pronatalist policy agenda by appeal to the theological belief that ‘human life begins at fertilization,’ which they ground in the biblical narrative of Genesis 1–3. Drawing upon interdisciplinary resources and utilizing an innovative feminist methodology, this article demonstrates that, while the story of pro/creation in Gen. 1–3 does not directly support ‘life at fertilization’ theology, it does provide a de facto undergirding for that conceptualization via its highly androcentric ideology of reproduction. Through symbolic, mythical narration of how ‘life’ comes to be, Gen. 1–3 constructs a central fiction of the Father God’s paternal reproductive omni-potence, which is built upon God’s colonization of agents with the capacity for maternal gestation labor and his violent destruction of those agents’ collective autonomy and capacity for reproductive anti-labor. In its ancient religious context, this rhetoric championed God’s patriarchal, patrilineal world-building project, which served those establishing and reinforcing a society that generated power and wealth for dominant men. As a story deeply socialized through lived religion over time, it operates now as a contemporary social fact that the Christian right exploits to construct its own, more extreme fiction of paternal omnipotence. Illumination of the Gen. 1–3 narrative’s oppressive constructions of women as reproductive laborers/anti-laborers – symbolized by Eve and other agents – enables feminist religio-cultural narrative intervention. A new story of life’s pro/creation is needed in both religious and secular settings to liberate ‘Eve’ and advance the movement for reproductive health, rights, and justice.
Timeless tenet, temporal tenant
Authors: Izadi Faezeh
Published: September 2024

This article delves into how Twelver Shia Islam responds to technological challenges, particularly focusing on radical life extension (RLE) within the trans-humanism paradigm. While there is a consensus among religions regarding spiritual and mental enhancement, body enhancement, including RLE, poses ethical and theological questions. After a brief introduction to the concepts of human existence, life, and death, I explore Shia rational reasoning, delving into the notions of the ‘rational impossible’ and ‘normal impossible’ in the context of RLE. Additionally, I investigate the relationship between RLE and the belief in Mahdism, which centers around the idea that the last Imam, al-Mahdi, lives in occultation and will eventually reappear as the promised savior. I also seek to understand the legitimacy of using technology to achieve longevity from the perspective of Shia Islam. Additionally, in the final section of the study, I present the viewpoints of four prominent Shia Mujtahids, obtained through email correspondence and Istefta. This Q&A section reveals multifaceted perspectives within the Shia community regarding RLE. Notably, the traditional group, referring to the intra-religious teachings, adopts a more open approach to the RLE issue, challenging prevailing stereotypes.
This research emphasizes that, from the perspective of Shia Islam, a very long life is neither deemed impossible nor irrational. However, ethical considerations and potential side effects must be carefully weighed when implementing RLE  technologies. Researchers and scientists bear the responsibility of using technology fairly and ethically, and avoiding any actions that may worsen various kinds of inequalities. Continuous exploration and dialogue are essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of the topic from the perspective of Shia Islam, as theological interpretations may evolve with scientific progress.
A capable defiler
Authors: Gautam Harsha
Published: September 2024

Focusing on the pacittiya offenses (minor rules) pertaining to the body of the bhikkhunis (Buddhist nuns) in the vinaya, the monastic law codes, the article argues that the vinaya’s depiction of the bhikkhuni’s ‘body’ reveals two important notions about women in early Buddhism. While the portrayal demonstrates the ‘intellectual’ and ‘soteriological capability’ of bhikkhunis that kept them on a par with the bhikkhus, or monks, it also presents how the female body functioned as the site of regulation, thereby emerging as a bigger ‘defiler’ than the monk’s body. Building on Alan Sponberg’s concepts on attitudes toward women in early Buddhism, the article argues that, on the one hand, the body of the bhikkhunis came to be defined in the vinaya text as upholding the principle of ‘soteriological inclusiveness’ of Buddhism. For example, the bhikkhunis look similar in appearance to the bhikkhus, signifying through their appearance (shaved head) and dress an equal intellectual capability for attaining nibbana, or awakening. On the other hand, the stringent regulations regarding the female body reveal instances of ‘ascetic misogyny’ and ‘institutional androcentrism. ’ I argue that while an attitude of ‘soteriological inclusiveness’ gradually diminished, ‘ascetic misogyny’ grew more prevalent over time. This shift contributed to the historical changes that led to the diminishing status of the bhikkhunis within the monastic order, which culminated in the disappearance of the bhikkhunis’ monastic order from almost all Buddhist schools.
Conversations with Sam. Sam Gill’s The Proper Study of Religion: Building on Jonathan Z. Smith (2020)
Authors: Lidke Jeffrey S , Gill Sam , Solano Jeanette Reedy , Thibdeau John C , Dunn Mary , Schermerhorn Seth
Published: September 2024

A collection of short essays and responses from a roundtable convened at the American Academy of Religion Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, November 20, 2022
Dancing lessons
Authors: Gill Sam
Published: September 2024

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The origin myth of religious studies
Authors: Dunn Mary
Published: September 2024

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A Renaissance scholar with a physicist’s heart
Authors: Solano Jeanette Reedy
Published: September 2024

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Sam Gill and me
Authors: Schermerhorn Seth
Published: September 2024

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A contested study of religion
Authors: Urban Hugh B
Published: September 2024

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Powstanie i działalność krajowego składu publicznego w Krakowie na przełomie XIX i XX wieku
Authors: Broński Krzysztof
Published: September 2024

As an internal colony and the poorest region of the Habsburg Monarchy, Galicia was looking for opportunities to escape the vicious circle of underdevelopment and to modernise. After gaining its autonomy in the 1860s, the region's economy gradually improved. The Galician autonomous government implemented economic policy which sought to develop various sectors of the economy. In the 1880s, the Galician autonomous government took measures to establish regional public warehouses in the western and eastern parts of the region, supporting the development of trade. After a great deal of effort, in the late 1880s warehouses were created for grain and alcohol in Lviv and Cracow. Establishment costs were covered by the national budget, and the warehouses stored all foreign goods for a fee. However, the warehouse in Lviv was poorly located, and operated for only a few years before being shuttered and put up for sale in 1898. It was believed that it would have been more likely to succeed had it been built in Ternopil. The warehouse in Cracow, which stored mostly Russian grain being exported to Germany, was better located and operated until Galicia ceased to exist. The Hungarian and Eastern Galician grain stored in Cracow was also processed in flour mills in the city and its surroundings.
Pojęcie i podziały zadań publicznych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zadań samorządu terytorialnego
Authors: Małecka-Łyszczek Magdalena
Published: September 2024

The aim of the article is to examine the concept of a public assignment, its possible divisions, and the distinguishable patterns of work scheduled. Given that the system of public administration now functions according to principles including subsidiarity and decentralisation, special attention is focused on public assignments carried out by the individual structures of the local government. The considerations are based on the appropriate professional literature, binding legal regulations (on constitutional grounds as well as regular legislation) and jurisdiction, which completes the analysed issues.
Kalkulacja wymogu kapitałowego z tytułu ryzyka operacyjnego w zgodzie z dyrektywą w sprawie wymogów kapitałowych - CRD IV
Authors: Thlon Michał
Published: September 2024

Operational risk is defined as the possibility of losses resulting from the failure, deficiency or inadequacy of internal processes, people and systems, or from external events. Operational risk measurement methods differ from techniques applied to other types of risk. The importance of operational risk has increased substantially in recent years due to huge losses suffered by renowned financial institutions. These led to the publication of the European Union Capital Requirements Directive (CRD), introduced by the so-called Basel II-based definition of banks' capital requirements. The main objective of the paper is to analyse the operational risk measurement methods proposed in the New Basel Capital Accord: the Basic Indicator Approach, the Standardised Approach, and Advanced Measurement Approaches (AMA). The author analysed, in successive stages of the paper, the definition and characteristics of operational risk and methods of calculating capital requirements.
Obalenie hipotezy stałej ekonomicznej potencjalnego wzrostu
Authors: Fiedor Paweł
Published: September 2024

The article presents the capital growth model created by M. Dobija (2007), concentrating on one of its most important components ‒ the economic constant of the potential growth of capital. It then looks at the most convincing corroboration of the existence of this constant, namely research conducted by B. Kurek (2007). Presenting this research in the context of the history of economics and economy as a whole allows the author to show that there is insufficient evidence to grant the assumptions which led Dobija and Kurek to conclude that such an economic constant exists. The author concludes that limits in the past as well as in the future should disallow economists from stating that such a constant exists.
Przyczyny i skutki kryzysu finansowego: sporne kwestie teoretyczne
Authors: Staszel Anna
Published: September 2024

This paper gathers different views of economists on the causes and effects of financial crises. It also examines the position of professors of economics on the path chosen by contemporary economics. The article briefly discusses the causes of the global economic crisis of the 21st century, running them through Hyman Minsky's model. It also looks at the effects of the crisis along with the actions taken by different institutions in response to the crisis. The main purpose of the paper is to look closer at theoretical views and arguments presented by economists including Hyman Minsky, Paul Krugman, Charles Kindleberger, and Joseph Stiglitz.
Zarządzanie ryzykiem i jego dywersyfikacja w świetle teorii finansów behawioralnych a model Neumanna-Morgensterna
Authors: Pera Jacek
Published: September 2024

Proper risk management ‒ based on the theory of behavioural finance ‒ will lead a rational investor to make the right choice preferences while estimating the minimal level of risk and receiving the greatest rate of return. One of the effects of risk management is diversification, which is also one of the main means of reducing the global level of risk. Diversification also contributes significantly to improving the long-term rate of return on an investment. Different utility functions are related to the tendency of investors to connect the level of risk and diversification with the level of expected revenue. The maximising utility is proportional to the value of money. Risk management and diversification agree with the John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern model.
A Comparative Analysis of Quantitative Operational Risk Measurement Methods
Authors: Thlon Michał
Published: September 2024

The number of well-known firms joining the list of entities such as Enron, WorldCom, Sumitomo Corp., all of which lost millions of dollars as a result of inadequate operational risk management systems, increases dramatically with each passing year. This has increased the amount of interest in this marginalised aspect of risk. The quantitative estimation and measurement of operational risk proved necessary with the implementation of new operational risk management strategies in companies and financial institutions. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision recommendations, which request banks to use quantitative methods in their operational risk management are an additional motivation to use quantitative methods of estimating operational risk. This article reviews the most important quantitative methods of estimating and measuring operational risk.
Ochrona i zasady rejestracji produktów regionalnych i tradycyjnych
Authors: Halagarda Michał , Kędzior Władysław , Pyrzyńska Ewa
Published: September 2024

Poland's geography and climate conditions vary greatly, as do the possibilities for cultivating the land and breeding animals. These factors, along with the temperament of the people and the country's folk customs, have enabled the creation of a number of unique products specific to certain areas. The study presents current legislation and registration procedures on regional and traditional products. It also presents the most recent data on the number of registered products with a Protected Geographical Indication, Protected Designation of Origin and Traditional Specialties Guaranteed as well as products designated for the Traditional Products List by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.
Analiza kwasów tłuszczowych oleju z konserw sardynek
Authors: Kondratowicz-Pietruszka Elżbieta
Published: September 2024

Fish meat is an as yet underappreciated and rarely consumed food product in Poland. Fatty fish meat, such as that of sardines, is especially interesting. The Polish market offers a particularly broad assortment of tinned sardines. The aim of this study was to determine, by means of gas chromatography, the fatty acid profile of oil in tins of sardines. 16 various tins from different producers were selected for the study. It was found that the concentration of saturated acids varied from 11.64% to 30.99%. The monoenoic acid content also varied. C18:1 (cis-0) acid content varied from 16.08% to 76.91%, while the total concentration of other acids was app. 5%. The trans fatty acid form of C18:2 (trans-9,12) was found in eight tests while the total concentration of acids from the n-6 family of acids varied from 5.40% to 62.28%. The ratio of n-3 to n-6 acid content ranged from 0.01 to 0.35, whilst the ratio of total fatty acid content to saturated fatty acid content varied from 2.23 to 7.59.
Współczesny rynek tłuszczów ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem obrotu towarowego tłuszczami roślinnymi
Authors: Kondratowicz-Pietruszka Elżbieta , Białek Joanna
Published: September 2024

In the first decade of the 21st century, oil plants gained in importance to humans and the economy thanks to their growing share in the overall crop structure. Oil plants provide seeds used for food and energy purposes. Edible fats obtained from the oil plants are used, among other things, to manufacture edible oils, or as a raw material for making margarines, confectionery and bakery products, and canned food products. The processing of oil containing raw materials and the production of edible fats are currently the most dynamically developing branches of the Polish food industry. The production of edible fats in Poland is determined mainly by the production of rapeseed and agrimony oils, and of margarine. Poland is one of the top manufacturers of rapeseed oil in Europe. From among the 27 countries of the EU, Poland produces the second highest amount of margarine, or 15% of the total. The paper characterises the fat market and trade in Poland, comparing it with the world and EU fat markets. It presents the import and export of individual fat types along with the scale of their production and consumption. It also notes that consumers more often choose edible plant fats over edible animal fats, a decision which can be attributed to the promotion of healthy lifestyles.
Zasady zarządzania jakością w polskich przedsiębiorstwach - studium przypadków
Authors: Nowicki Paweł , Kafel Piotr , Sikora Tadeusz
Published: September 2024

One of the most widely implemented standardised management systems is the quality management system functioning in accordance with ISO 9001 guidelines. The implementation of practical management methods and tools that help to keep the standard of the offer at an appropriate level is assurance that the company seeks to continuously improve its products and processes. Eight quality management principles form the basis for the standards of the ISO 9000 family. The article presents the implementation of these principles of quality management in Polish companies, which have stopped certification of the implemented quality management system. Assessment of the studies indicated that in organisations in which the implementation of the quality management system was conditioned by the desire to improve the functioning of the company, use of the eight quality management principles is seen in a positive light and as a useful tool in helping to achieve daily objectives. On the other hand, in companies where the management system has been implemented somewhat under orders - as a prerequisite - use of the eight quality management principles does more harm than good.
Odpowiedzialność w ujęciu filozoficznym jako przyczynek do rozważań o odpowiedzialności przedsiębiorstw
Authors: Mizdrak Inga
Published: September 2024

The topic of this paper is responsibility, which has many ontic conditions, including, among many others, appropriate ethical qualification, intellectual disposition and rationality of action, but whose primary one is freedom, which is constitutive of all activity by subjects, both personal and legal ones. Freedom, therefore, has a special effect on the inner structure of an individual or organisation. My first aim is to define more closely the category of responsibility, on the basis of the most important intuitions of Roman Ingarden and Karol Wojtyła, and to consider the applicability of their ideas to the modern understanding of the ethical business. It becomes clear that Ingarden's philosophical distinction between responsibility "before the act" and "after the act" and Wojtyła's concept of responsibility "for" someone and for oneself can serve as fundamental reference points in various forms of management and in the choice of business strategies. I argue that the current polarisation of views on the responsibility of businesses (even though supported by complex networks of arguments) is sterile, or perhaps even spurious. What truly matters is not the legal status of a company, but what its basic responsibilities are and the essence of its responsibility.
Konflikty w organizacjach wielokulturowych
Authors: Słaboń Andrzej
Published: September 2024

The article analyses the impact of cultural differentiation on the causes and dynamics of social conflicts in organisations. Cultural differentiations are an important factor in social interpretation processes and when constructing a definition of a situation, and are therefore a source of disagreement and social conflict among employees. On the other hand, cultural differences can make social mobilisation difficult and decrease the probability of open conflicts occurring even in the face of strong deprivation. It is important to recognise ways in which organisations protect themselves against inner conflict due to ethnic, national and religious differences. An organisation's culture and code of "political correctness" seem to be important factors in this context. The article shows different types of multicultural organisations and analyses the impact organisational structure has on the causes and course of conflicts. The simultaneous occurrence of cultural differentiation and deprivation in the sphere of authority are main circumstances that generate social conflict in multicultural organisations.
Prawno-instytucjonalne uwarunkowania stosunków zewnętrznych Unii Europejskiej - wybrane aspekty
Authors: Coll Ewa
Published: September 2024

The paper presents general characteristics of legal and institutional determinants regarding the EU's external relations. It discusses Common Foreign and Security Policy as well as the European Neighbourhood Policy. The basic components of the reform of the Common Foreign and Security Policy are also considered. These include the appointment of the High Representative of the Union and the establishment of the European External Action Service as subordinate to the High Representative. The structure and legal basis for the "EU external actions" are characterised and cover, among other things: the Common Commercial Policy (CCP), cooperation for development, economic, financial and technical cooperation with third countries, humanitarian aid, means restricting the signing of international agreements by the EU as well as EU relations with international organisations, third countries and EU Delegations.
Podmioty ekonomii społecznej jako podmioty administrujące
Authors: Małecka-Łyszczek Magdalena
Published: September 2024

In the field of public administration, evolutionary changes take place that must be analysed in connection with the expanding structure of civil society. This leads one to questions concerning the realisation of public assignments by entities outside of the structures of administration. These are administrative subjects, among which social economic institutions are playing a more and more essential role. Given that role, the aim of the present article is to examine the problems social economy institutions face in the larger context of the concept of the administrative subject.
Samorząd miejski Krakowa i Lwowa w okresie autonomii galicyjskiej
Authors: Hołuj Dominika
Published: September 2024

In the paper, the author analyses the functioning of modern municipal government in Lviv and Cracow, Galicia's largest cities during the Galician autonomy. The paper describes the structure of municipal tasks (expenses) and analyses the sources of the income side of the budget. The author identifies the major steps the local authorities took to develop the urban infrastructure in line with modern standards of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Due to the particular historical circumstances, the author also draws attention to municipality tasks that involved the preservation of cultural heritage in a difficult period for partitioned Poland. The analysis is largely based on materials and publications created during the Galician autonomy, though it is in places supplemented by information from contemporary sources.
Szacowanie kosztu kapitału własnego na przykładzie polskiego sektora bankowego
Authors: Zyguła Andrzej
Published: September 2024

The concept of the cost of equity is one of the key issues of corporate financial management. However, numerous scientific studies as well as economic practice show that there is no single, universal technique for estimating the cost of equity. Moreover, even within a given technique there is often no consensus on how to determine its basic parameters. This article focuses on the most popular technique for estimating the cost of equity, i.e. the CAPM approach. Doubts and problems arising while estimating the cost of equity are analysed and then presented on the example of the banking sector companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in the years 2001-2011.
Zmiany jakościowe wybranych olejów roślinnych przechowywanych w warunkach chłodniczych
Authors: Kondratowicz-Pietruszka Elżbieta
Published: September 2024

The factors that determine the quality of fats in oils during storage include, among other things, the chemical composition of the oil and the storage conditions. The aim of this study was to analyse these fatty acid profile of selected oils and to determine the changes in the quality of rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, pumpkin seed oil, stored for 360 days under refrigeration at a temperature of 8ºC and protected from light, in unopened packaging. It was found that the acid value did not change in any of the oil samples. The peroxide values underwent change for each sample. The processes are described by acceleration and growth functions in aw. It is assumed that the order of the descriptive function is n = 3.5 aw for all test processes. Functions were derived that describe changes in the increase in peroxide value with high accuracy, as confirmed by calculated em values not exceeding 5%.
Odpady medyczne w świetle aktualnie obowiązujących regulacji prawnych
Authors: Frańczuk Magdalena
Published: September 2024

Medical waste can be one of the most serious threats to human life and health, especially due to the risk of infections (bacteria and viruses), the presence of hazardous chemicals, and microbiological cultures. Recycling and disposing of this waste is problematic, and is subject to a separate set of laws. The position and responsibilities of those responsible for the management of medical waste are also unique. The study focuses on the definition of medical waste (excluding veterinary waste). It shows the most important problems in this area and how it should be managed given the current legal regulations. Statistics and issues related to the control of medical waste management in Poland are cited.
Warunki stosowania analogia legis
Authors: Kaźmierczyk Aneta
Published: September 2024

The article examines analogia legis, the application of a legal rule to the facts of a similar but not by law regulated case. It starts with a discussion of the concept of analogia legis, followed by a look at conditions that enable the use of this type of reasoning and an examination of legal loopholes in order to determine the similarity between the facts not covered by normalisation and an actual state regulated by the law. The circumstances that would preclude the application of analogia legis are identified. Finally, other ways of drawing inferences from the rules of law beyond analogia legis are outlined.
Paradygmaty marketingu a modelowanie zmiennych ukrytych - porównanie modeli pomiarowych skali WSAW
Authors: Sagan Adam
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this article is to present the evolution of measurement models with latent variables in the framework of three basic marketing paradigms: cognitive, associated with "transactional" marketing, behavioural, which applies to predictive CRM, and the relational and network paradigm in marketing. In the evolution of structural modelling and its applications in marketing research, three basic classes of measurement models applying to the above paradigms have been developed over the last two decades: the common factor model, the component model with formative indicators and the random loadings model.
Zastosowanie rozmytych metod porządkowania liniowego w ustalaniu hierarchii ważności cech usługi związanych z jakością
Authors: Jefmański Bartłomiej
Published: September 2024

The principal aim of the article is to characterise and assess the application possibilities for  selected fuzzy linear ordering methods in determining the hierarchy of the importance of service quality characteristics. The report presents the results of a study whose aim was to assess the quality of Poland's Central Statistical Office's website. A tool known as WebQual was used, after modification by the author for two areas: quality of listed service characteristics and how respondent opinions were measured. The survey questionnaire enables the transformation of the measurement results from linguistic values to numerical ones using fuzzy sets. The primary data prepared this way formed the basis for the application of fuzzy linear ordering methods.
Wykorzystanie modeli ze zmiennymi porządkowymi w badaniach satysfakcji klienta
Authors: Błoński Krzysztof , Putek-Szeląg Ewa
Published: September 2024

Customer satisfaction can be measured using both quantitative and qualitative scales. However, each of them has problems and limitations. Some authors, such as N. Hill and J. Alexander in their Handbook of Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty Measurement (2003), clearly believe numerical scales are the best for measuring satisfaction. Nonetheless, ordinal scale, which requires statistical methods for the analysis of qualitative data, remains the most commonly used. This paper presents the use of analysis of latent class in satisfaction surveys. To build a model, data from measurements made with ordinal scales were used.
Odpowiedzialny biznes jako nowy kierunek w marketingu przedsiębiorstw
Authors: Dziechciarz-Duda Marta , Przybysz Klaudia
Published: September 2024

Today, as product life cycles are getting shorter and shorter, companies have to change their marketing strategies not only to gain customers, but also to deserve their loyalty. Improving the company's brand, which in some cases comprises 80% of corporate value, is of the utmost importance. Another new way to strengthen a company's position on the market is the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) approach. Investors are not concerned only with a company's profits, but with it having an overall positive impact on society. On the other hand, new attitudes to marketing are the way to meet the needs of aware and sensible customers. For this group of clients low price is no longer the most important factor - just as significant is quality of many aspects of company operations - especially management quality and the quantifiable impact a company has on society and nature. This article attempts to answer the question of whether employing aspects of CSR yields certain advantages, such as increased company value. It also asks whether investors should take into account that the company operates according to the principles of CSR. In order to answer this question, we calculated TMAI ratios (a taxonomic measure of investment attractiveness) for indexes of listed companies included in the RESPECT Index portfolio.
O interdyscyplinarnym charakterze analitycznego CRM
Authors: Łapczyński Mariusz
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this article is to highlight the interdisciplinary nature of analytical CRM and its relationships with other disciplines, research approaches and procedures. The author attempts to locate this research approach relative to other related disciplines. He refers to the Anglo-American and Scandinavian schools of relationship marketing, database marketing, data-driven marketing, business intelligence and market research. The summary of this study is to define analytical CRM from the perspective of marketing research.
Struktura zasobów ludzkich dla nauki i techniki w krajach Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Pleśniarska Aleksandra
Published: September 2024

The main aim of the article is to analyse the structure of Human Resources for Science and Technology (HRST), Core of Human Resources in Science and Technology (HRSTC) by age group, and the annual average growth rate of HRST in the EU member states. The article examines the effectiveness of human resources by looking at patent applications to the EPO and the number of the most cited scientific publications.