bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BTB‐ZF transcription factors, a growing family of regulators of early and late B‐cell development
Authors: Chevrier Stéphane , Corcoran Lynn M
Published: March 2014

The differentiation of early B‐cell precursors in the bone marrow into the variety of mature and effector B‐cell subsets of the periphery is a complex process that requires tight regulation at the transcriptional level. Different members of the broad complex, tramtrack, bric‐à‐brac and zinc finger (BTB‐ZF) family of transcription factors have recently been shown to have key roles in many phases of B‐cell development, including early B‐cell development in the bone marrow, peripheral B‐cell maturation and specialization into effector cells during an immune response. This review highlights the critical functions mediated by BTB‐ZF transcription factors within the B‐cell lineage and emphasizes how the deregulation of these transcription factors can lead to B‐cell malignancies.
The DNMT1/PCNA/UHRF1 disruption induces tumorigenesis characterized by similar genetic and epigenetic signatures
Authors: Pacaud Romain , Brocard Emeline , Lalier Lisenn , Hervouet Eric , Vallette François M. , Cartron Pierre-François
Published: March 2014

Several genetic and epigenetic signatures characterize cancer cells. However, the relationships (causal or consequence link, existence due to a same origin) between these 2 types of signatures were not fully elucidated. In the present work, we reported that the disruption of the DNMT1/PCNA/UHRF1 complex acts as an oncogenic event of the tumor transformation of brain (astrocytes), breast, lung and mesothelial cells. We also show that these tumor transformation processes were associated with the acquisition of cancer hallmark and common genetic and epigenetic signatures. Thus, our data revealed that the global DNA hypomethylation induced by the DNMT1/PCNA/UHRF1 disruption is an oncogenic event of human tumorigenesis, an inducer of epigenetic and genetic signatures frequently observed in several human cancers and is an initiator of oncogenic events.
Glutamate/glutamine and neuronal integrity in adults with ADHD: a proton MRS study
Authors: Maltezos S , Horder J , Coghlan S , Skirrow C , O'Gorman R , Lavender T J , Mendez M A , Mehta M , Daly E , Xenitidis K , Paliokosta E , Spain D , Pitts M , Asherson P , Lythgoe D J , Barker G J , Murphy D G
Published: March 2014

There is increasing evidence that abnormalities in glutamate signalling may contribute to the pathophysiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ([1H]MRS) can be used to measure glutamate, and also its metabolite glutamine, in vivo. However, few studies have investigated glutamate in the brain of adults with ADHD naive to stimulant medication. Therefore, we used [1H]MRS to measure the combined signal of glutamate and glutamine (Glu+Gln; abbreviated as Glx) along with other neurometabolites such as creatine (Cr), N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and choline. Data were acquired from three brain regions, including two implicated in ADHD—the basal ganglia (caudate/striatum) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)—and one ‘control’ region—the medial parietal cortex. We compared 40 adults with ADHD, of whom 24 were naive for ADHD medication, whereas 16 were currently on stimulants, against 20 age, sex and IQ-matched healthy controls. We found that compared with controls, adult ADHD participants had a significantly lower concentration of Glx, Cr and NAA in the basal ganglia and Cr in the DLPFC, after correction for multiple comparisons. There were no differences between stimulant-treated and treatment-naive ADHD participants. In people with untreated ADHD, lower basal ganglia Glx was significantly associated with more severe symptoms of inattention. There were no significant differences in the parietal ‘control’ region. We suggest that subcortical glutamate and glutamine have a modulatory role in ADHD adults; and that differences in glutamate–glutamine levels are not explained by use of stimulant medication.
Biocompatibility of Hydrogelators Based on Small Peptide Derivatives
Authors: Kuang Yi , Zhou Ning , Xu Bing
Published: March 2014

The exploration of hydrogels as biomaterials requires evaluation of the biocompatibility of the hydrogelators because the cytotoxicity or the biocompatibility of the hydrogelators will ultimately decide the applications of the hydrogels. In this chapter, we focus on the examination of the hydrogelators based on small peptide derivatives. Using several representative hydrogelators of small peptide derivatives, we first introduce studies that explore the biocompatibility of these hydrogelators in mammalian cells, and then summarize several works on the biocompatibility of the hydrogelators in animal models. By illustrating the biocompatibility of various types of hydrogelators containing small peptides, we hope this chapter will provide the basic framework for the design of hydrogelators of small peptide derivatives for biomedical applications.
Recombinant Protein Hydrogels for Cell Injection and Transplantation
Authors: Benitez Patrick L. , Heilshorn Sarah C.
Published: March 2014

As found in nature, full-length proteins consist of a genetically specified sequence of the 20 canonical amino acids, of a defined length. This sequence of chemically diverse functional groups enables the many highly controlled interactions with other molecules found in natural proteins. Recombinant proteins can be engineered to incorporate some of nature's palette of protein functionality into hydrogels for cell delivery. Current work demonstrates how this level of molecular precision can be used to address challenges in cell therapies, such as post-implantation viability, localization, and control, via specified gelation mechanics and tailored bioactive domains. Leveraging recombinant technology, including protein engineering, gene synthesis, expression, and purification, materials scientists have appropriated and modified naturally occurring proteins to achieve hydrogels that combine defined gelation mechanics with specified bioactive protein chemistries. Here, we specifically review recent developments in recombinant protein hydrogels that are either inspired by native extracellular matrix proteins (e.g. elastin, collagen, and resilin) or designed from non-matrix peptides (e.g. mixing-induced two-component hydrogels). In many of these case studies, domain- and sequence-level engineering enables a broad range of biochemical activity and mechanical control via gelation. Despite the remaining challenges of scalability and forward-designed predictability, hydrogels made of recombinant proteins offer exciting possibilities for sophisticated delivery of therapeutic cells, including multifactorial control, native-like mechanics, and sensitivity to signals from delivered cells or host tissues.
Enzyme-Responsive Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Abul-Haija Yousef M. , Ulijn Rein V.
Published: March 2014

This chapter highlights recent developments in enzyme-responsive gels. The focus is on peptide-based small-molecule hydrogels, for biomedical applications. The use of enzymes in this context provides a powerful methodology for controlled assembly, taking advantage of both biological selectivity and catalytic amplification. The building blocks for self-assembly and basic design rules for small molecule peptide gelators are discussed first. This is followed by a discussion of key features of biocatalytic self-assembly of hydrogels, focusing on control of nanoscale organization and consequent function. Finally, the potential applications of the enzyme-responsive hydrogels as biomaterials are discussed in the areas of cell culture, drug delivery, biosensing, and control of cell fate.
Alginate Hydrogels for the 3D Culture and Therapeutic Delivery of Cells
Authors: Wright Bernice , Connon Che J.
Published: March 2014

Cell therapy involves the delivery of cells into damaged or diseased tissue to induce regeneration or repair. The direct transplantation of cells without carrier systems, however, results in the vast majority dying rapidly once they are placed in the body. Limitations encountered with direct cell infusions may be eliminated by their local delivery using biomaterial carrier systems. Cell encapsulation in appropriate biomaterials is a promising approach for long-term delivery of therapeutic agents. The biomaterial-based methodology for cell therapy has proven successful for the regeneration of a number of tissues including bone, myocardium, cornea, and liver. Alginate hydrogels in particular, have received considerable attention for the therapeutic delivery of cells and for the formation of tissue intended for transplantation. Advantages of alginate gels include easily tuneable biophysical properties, immunoisolatory abilities, and excellent biocompatibility. The biomechanical and biochemical properties of alginate gels can be modified to create biomimetic systems which direct stem cell phenotype, support in situ tissue engineering and preserve therapeutic cells. In this chapter we describe the versatility of alginate encapsulation technology in the context of its application to cell-based therapies. We focus on cell types that are at the preclinical stages of therapeutic application.
Mechanical Characterization of Hydrogels and its Implications for Cellular Activities
Authors: Wilson Samantha L. , Ahearne Mark , El Haj Alicia J. , Yang Ying
Published: March 2014

Hydrogels are viscoelastic materials routinely used for the development of culture models in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. They act as a temporary matrix, providing topographical, biochemical, and biophysical cues which cells can remodel and develop into a tissue. The mechanical properties of the hydrogel mutually affect the construct and the cells alike. It is important to determine and monitor a construct's material properties in order to recapitulate the in vivo environment, which usually involves strategies aimed at improving the mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of soft tissues are closely related to their physiological function and so can act as cellular biomarkers. Time, culture, and conditioning environments can all influence the structural and biochemical aspects of the tissue, which are important to their performance and durability, ultimately dictating whether the construct will be successful or not in a given application. This chapter begins with the discussion of current characterization tools for hydrogel mechanical properties with the focus on non-destructive testing modalities. How mechanical properties can become a biomarker in regenerative medicine has been demonstrated through corneal stromal and ageing models. Various strategies for improving and tailoring the mechanical properties of hydrogels are discussed.
Pure Nanodiamonds Produced by Laser-assisted Technique
Authors: Zousman Boris , Levinson Olga
Published: March 2014

Nanodiamond powder, first discovered in 1963 in the Soviet Union, has recently become one of the most promising and well-studied nanomaterials applied in various fields of science, technology and medicine. However, in spite of the unique properties of nanodiamonds, developed applications and the scaled manufacturing process, the nanodiamond global market still remains in its initial stage. The main factor limiting the extensive use of nanodiamonds in industry is the lack of consistency with regards to quality and there is wide variability in their performance in diverse technological processes. This is caused mainly by the uncontrolled character of the existing technology for nanodiamond fabrication, which is based on detonation in a closed chamber. Therefore, the development of alternative technologies, enabling control of the synthesis process, is important as it can provide high quality nanodiamonds for electronics, optics, energy and pharmacology. This chapter reports on a controlled green technology for the synthesis of nanodiamonds by the treatment of specially prepared hydrocarbon targets. Characterization of the nanodiamonds is performed by modern technology and some of the technological opportunities are discussed with regards to nanodiamond applications.
Low Temperature Diamond Growth
Authors: Izak Tibor , Babchenko Oleg , Potocky Stepan , Remes Zdenek , Kozak Halyna , Verveniotis Elisseos , Rezek Bohuslav , Kromka Alexander
Published: March 2014

Diamond thin films represent a class of multi-functional materials whose morphological, chemical, optical and electronic properties can be tailored on demand for specific applications. Nevertheless, this material's versatility inherently requires a high degree of control and understanding of the diamond growth technology. Here, especially, processes at low temperatures become important because of physical limitations regarding the intrinsic properties of typical target substrates (i.e., low melting temperature, high expansion coefficient, high thermal diffusion and chemical reactivity) and compatibility with standard semiconductor industrial technologies. However, low temperature diamond growth (LTDG) is still highly challenging, where novel phenomena are encountered that still remain to be understood. The present chapter focuses on low temperature diamond growth from technological and practical points of view. The LTDG process is divided in two strategies, which are based on i) the modification of the deposition systems and ii) the change of gas chemistry. The state of the art of each strategy and the fundamental growth processes that are involved are reviewed. Among the discussed diamond growth processes, microwave surface wave plasma in linear antenna configuration with oxygen-containing gas mixtures is shown as the most promising process for LTDG over large areas with high optical and electronic grade materials. The growth phenomena observed in linear antenna microwave plasma provide a simple way to control nano- and poly-crystalline diamond character. A practical comparison between focused and linear antenna microwave plasma is presented on several key studies, which utilize LTDG on amorphous silicon, glass, germanium and optical elements used for IR spectroscopy.
Rapid synthesis, structure and photocatalysis of pure bismuth A-site perovskite of Bi(Mg3/8Fe2/8Ti3/8)O3
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Chen Jun , An Xiaoxin , Wang Qi , Fan Longlong , Wang Fangfang , Deng Jinxia , Yu Ranbo , Xing Xianran
Published: March 2014

Pure bismuth A-site perovskite Bi(Mg3/8Fe2/8Ti3/8)O3 particles were prepared by a sample molten salt synthesis.
Evaluation of the biointeraction of colorant flavazin with human serum albumin: insights from multiple spectroscopic studies, in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Peng Wei , Ding Fei , Jiang Yu-Ting , Sun Ying , Peng Yu-Kui
Published: March 2014

The biological activities of azo colorant may significantly be influenced by the biointeraction of ligand to protein in the human body.
Most associations between transcript features and gene expression are monotonic
Authors: Shaham Gilad , Tuller Tamir
Published: March 2014

Previous studies assume that the effect of each transcript feature on gene expression is monotonic. In the current study, we aim to understand, for the first time, if indeed the relations between transcript features (i.e., the UTRs and ORF) and measurements related to the different stages of gene expression are monotonic.
Direct monitoring of protein–protein inhibition using nano electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Cubrilovic Dragana , Barylyuk Konstantin , Hofmann Daniela , Walczak Michal Jerzy , Gräber Martin , Berg Thorsten , Wider Gerhard , Zenobi Renato
Published: March 2014

We investigated the inhibition of the protein–protein interactions by nanoESI-MS to monitor the extent of inhibition and the binding mechanism.
Tailoring the composition of fluoride conversion coatings to achieve better corrosion protection of magnesium for biomedical applications
Authors: Sankara Narayanan T. S. N. , Park Il Song , Lee Min Ho
Published: March 2014

The methodology of deposition of fluoride conversion coatings is modified with the use of galvanic coupling, agitation of the electrolyte solution, and addition of K2CO3, which helps to provide a better understanding of the mechanism and new avenues to tailor the composition of the coating.
Influence of Al3+ and P5+ ion contents on the valence state of Yb3+ ions and the dispersion effect of Al3+ and P5+ ions on Yb3+ ions in silica glass
Authors: Wang S. , Lou F. , Yu C. , Zhou Q. , Wang M. , Feng S. , Chen D. , Hu L. , Chen W. , Guzik M. , Boulon G.
Published: March 2014

The influence of Al3+ and P5+ ion contents on the redox states of ytterbium ion and the redox mechanisms were investigated, and the dispersion effect of Al3+ and P5+ ions on Yb3+ ions was also discussed.
One-pot synthesis of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped graphene as efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Jie , Wang Deli , Dou Shuo , Ma Zhaoling , Wu Jianghong , Tao Li , Shen Anli , Ouyang Canbin , Liu Qiuhong , Wang Shuangyin
Published: March 2014

Novel N and S co-doped graphene (NSG) was prepared by annealing GO with thiourea. The NSG electrodes show a direct four-electron reaction pathway, higher onset potential, current density and stability than undoped graphene.
Filamentous supramolecular peptide–drug conjugates as highly efficient drug delivery vehicles
Authors: Yang Miao , Xu Dawei , Jiang Linhai , Zhang Lin , Dustin Derek , Lund Reidar , Liu Ling , Dong He
Published: March 2014

We report here a facile approach to prepare filamentous supramolecular peptide–drug conjugates with precise drug/carrier stoichiometry, nearly 100% loading efficiency and exceptional anti-cancer drug efficacy for chemotherapy.
Dynamics of the O(3P) + CH4 hydrogen abstraction reaction at hyperthermal collision energies
Authors: Gonzalez-Lavado E. , Rangel C. , Espinosa-Garcia J.
Published: March 2014

QCT calculations on a full-dimensional analytical potential energy surface (PES-2014) reproduce the experimental dynamics at 64.0 kcal mol−1 for the O(3P) + CH4 reaction.
Electrophilic activation of allenenes and allenynes: analogies and differences between Brønsted and Lewis acid activation
Authors: Cañeque T. , Truscott F. M. , Rodriguez R. , Maestri G. , Malacria M.
Published: March 2014

This review focuses on electrophilic activation of allenes by an acid. Key mechanistic features are presented together with recent synthetic applications.
[4+2] and [4+3] catalytic cycloadditions of allenes
Authors: López Fernando , Mascareñas José L.
Published: March 2014

This review summarizes the different catalytic [4+2] and [4+3] cycloadditions that have been developed by using allenes as 2C, 3C or even 4C atom partners.
A spin-crossover complex based on a 2,6-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (1-bpp) ligand functionalized with a carboxylate group
Authors: Abhervé Alexandre , Clemente-León Miguel , Coronado Eugenio , Gómez-García Carlos J. , López-Jordà Maurici
Published: March 2014

[Fe(bppCOOH)2](ClO4)2 shows an abrupt spin transition (T1/2 = 380 K, TLIESST = 60 K) due to a hydrogen-bonded linear network of complexes.
Cp2TiCl-catalyzed highly stereoselective intramolecular epoxide allylation using allyl carbonates
Authors: Márquez Irene R. , Millán Alba , Campaña Araceli G. , Cuerva Juan M.
Published: March 2014

Diastereoselective synthesis of vinyl substituted carbo- and heterocyclic products is achieved by intramolecular radical cyclization of epoxy allyl carbonates.
A general method for asymmetric arylation and vinylation of silyl ketene acetals
Authors: Yang Junfeng , Zhou Jianrong (Steve)
Published: March 2014

A general method is described for asymmetric coupling of ester enolates and both aryl and vinyl triflates, which was useful for asymmetric Profen synthesis.
A concise method to prepare novel fused heteroaromatic diones through double Friedel–Crafts acylation
Authors: Chen Wangqiao , Tan Si Yu , Zhao Yanli , Zhang Qichun
Published: March 2014

Different types of fused heteroaromatic diones have been successfully prepared through the concise intramolecular double Friedel–Crafts acylation strategy.
New Be-intercalated hexagonal boron layer structure of BeB2
Authors: Nguyen Manh Cuong , Zhao Xin , Wang Cai-Zhuang , Ho Kai-Ming
Published: March 2014

New ground state structure of BeB2 with Z = 4. B atoms form hexagonal layers intercalated by Be atoms.
Novel functional hybrid silica sol–gel coating for copper protection via in situ thiol–ene click reaction
Authors: Peng Shusen , Zeng Zhixiang , Zhao Wenjie , Li He , Chen Jianmin , Han Jin , Wu Xuedong
Published: March 2014

A novel anticorrosion coating, which crosslinks with inorganic bonds (Si–O–Si) and organic bonds (C–S–C), is formed on copper through an in situ sol–gel method and thiol–ene click reaction.
Synthesis of choline sulfonate buffers and their effect on cytochrome c dissolution and oxidation state
Authors: Matias Sara C. , Rocha Ângelo , Teixeira Raquel , Fonseca Luis J. P. , Lourenço Nuno M. T.
Published: March 2014

Seven choline sulfonates with buffering properties were developed. Cytochrome c solubility and redox ability were evaluated in these choline sulfonate buffers.
Tunable sound absorption of silicone rubber materials via mesoporous silica
Authors: Huang Yong , Zhou Dong , Xie Yunchuan , Yang Jianye , Kong Jie
Published: March 2014

Mesoporous silica significantly enhanced sound absorption of silicone rubberviaprolonging the propagation way and energy dissipated of acoustic wave.
Click-based porous organic framework containing chelating terdentate units and its application in hydrogenation of olefins
Authors: Zhong Hong , Gong Yaqiong , Zhang Fengsen , Li Liuyi , Wang Ruihu
Published: March 2014

A click-based POF containing terdentate 2,6-bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridyl units has been prepared. The terdentate unit acts as a linkage of the POF and stabilizes palladium nanoparticles; excellent catalytic activity, stability and reusability are exhibited in hydrogenation of olefins.
In situ growth of Co3O4 nanoparticles on α-MnO2 nanotubes: a new hybrid for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Yu Dongbo , Yao Jianfeng , Qiu Ling , Wang Yufei , Zhang Xinyi , Feng Yi , Wang Huanting
Published: March 2014

A new MnO2@Co3O4 hybrid with small-sized Co3O4 nanoparticles grown on α-MnO2 nanotubes exhibited much improved capacitive performances than those of pristine α-MnO2 nanotubes and a physical mixture of α-MnO2 nanotubes and Co3O4 nanoparticles.
Atmospheric growth and strong visible luminescence of anatase titanium oxide films with various orientations
Authors: Li M. L. , Huang G. S. , Wang D. X. , Zhang J. , Shi J. J. , Mei Y. F.
Published: March 2014

Oriented anatase TiO2 films with visible luminescence and various nano-morphologies have been grown by TiCl4–O2–Ar reactive plasma vapor deposition.
Construction of PANI–cellulose composite fibers with good antistatic properties
Authors: Shi Xingwei , Hu Yanli , Fu Feiya , Zhou Jinping , Wang Yixiang , Chen Lingyun , Zhang Hongming , Li Ji , Wang Xianhong , Zhang Lina
Published: March 2014

Novel polyaniline (PANI)/cellulose filament fibers were spun from hydrophobic PANI and hydrophilic cellulose complex solution dissolved in aqueous solution containing 7 wt% NaOH/ 12 wt% urea as solvent by wet-spinning. At low PANI content, the composite fibers realized a transition from an insulator to semiconductor.
Tunable dual-stimuli response of a microgel composite consisting of reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel microspheres
Authors: Lu Naiyan , Liu Jiaojiao , Li Jingliang , Zhang Zexin , Weng Yuyan , Yuan Bing , Yang Kai , Ma Yuqiang
Published: March 2014

A type of microgel composite consisting of pNIPAM microspheres and rGO nanoparticles shows both photo- and thermo-responsive drug release behaviors.
One-pot green synthesis of water-soluble carbon nanodots with multicolor photoluminescence from polyethylene glycol
Authors: Chen Moyun , Wang Weizhi , Wu Xiaoping
Published: March 2014

Water-soluble and photo-/environmentally stable CNDs were obtained by pyrolyzing a sole precursor PEG.
Effect of Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST) in Persons With Aphasia: Extension and Replication of Previous Findings
Authors: Edmonds Lisa A. , Mammino Kevin , Ojeda Jimena
Published: March 2014

Purpose

Verb Network Strengthening Treatment
(VNeST) is an aphasia treatment that targets verbs (e.g.,
measure
) and their related thematic roles (e.g.,
carpenter–lumber
). Previous studies reported encouraging results in a number of participants using single-subject design with improvements observed on naming, sentence production, and discourse. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a group analysis evaluating the effect of VNeST on similar outcomes.

Method

A multiple baseline design across participants was conducted with 11 persons with aphasia due to stroke. Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests were used to evaluate potential improvement from pre- to posttreatment and maintenance. Individual effect sizes were also calculated to evaluate magnitude of change within and across participants.

Results

Results showed significant improvement at posttreatment and maintenance on trained and untrained sentence probes and object and action naming. Improvement in the production of sentences not targeted in treatment was nonsignificant at posttreatment assessment but significant at maintenance. Moderate increases in percentage of complete utterances and overall informativeness were observed on discourse.

Conclusion

The results of this study replicate previous findings and provide evidence that VNeST may promote specific and generalized lexical retrieval abilities and affect basic syntax production in both constrained and discourse production tasks.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170219
Description of an Intensive Residential Aphasia Treatment Program: Rationale, Clinical Processes, and Outcomes
Authors: Winans-Mitrik Ronda L. , Hula William D. , Dickey Michael W. , Schumacher James G. , Swoyer Brooke , Doyle Patrick J.
Published: March 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to describe the rationale, clinical processes, and outcomes of an intensive comprehensive aphasia program (ICAP).

Method

Seventy-three community-dwelling adults with aphasia completed a residentially based ICAP. Participants received 5 hr of daily 1:1 evidence-based cognitive-linguistically oriented aphasia therapy, supplemented with weekly socially oriented and therapeutic group activities over a 23-day treatment course. Standardized measures of aphasia severity and communicative functioning were obtained at baseline, program entry, program exit, and follow-up. Results were analyzed using a Bayesian latent growth curve model with 2 factors representing (a) the initial level and (b) change over time, respectively, for each outcome measure.

Results

Model parameter estimates showed reliable improvement on all outcome measures between the initial and final assessments. Improvement during the treatment interval was greater than change observed across the baseline interval, and gains were maintained at follow-up on all measures.

Conclusions

The rationale, clinical processes, and outcomes of a residentially based ICAP have been described. ICAPs differ with respect to treatments delivered, dosing parameters, and outcomes measured. Specifying the defining components of complex interventions, establishing their feasibility, and describing their outcomes are necessary to guide the development of controlled clinical trials.
Facilitating Cohesive Service Delivery Through Collaboration
Authors: Mount Marva
Published: March 2014

The purpose of this article is to explore the many benefits of collaboration within the school setting. In a recent study, Brandel and Loeb (2011) found that there was “little variability across disabilities and severity level with respect to program intensity and service delivery model” (Brandel & Loeb, 2011, p. 16). This suggests that when determining what service delivery model works best, we may be choosing one based on what is “best” for us as speech-language pathologists rather than what is “best” for our students. With the specific needs of students in mind, collaboration drives a team of professionals to seek appropriate strategies, methodologies, modifications, and accommodations through which the most educational impact can be seen; in the educational environment where our students must perform.
Autism in the Schools: IEP Best Practices at Work
Authors: Davis Kerry J.
Published: March 2014

As the Autism of incidence continues to increase, speech-language pathologists need to consider how language is a part of the student’s entire academic day. This article discusses the Content, Assessment, Review and reflect, Extend (CARE) framework; a guide that helps school-based teams to work systematically and collaboratively in writing goals and assessing student performance. The CARE framework easily works with the Common Core State Standards. This article provides additional recommendations related to technology and in-house supports that may assist the school-based clinician in developing a meaningful and cohesive individualized education program for students with autism.
Creating Successful Team Collaboration: Behavior Management in the Schools
Authors: Elleseff Tatyana
Published: March 2014

Many speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in school settings work with children who display challenging behaviors due to confirmed or undiagnosed emotional and behavioral disorders. This article explains the value of a team approach to behavior management, outlines the role of SLPs on the team, and discusses considerations for developing successful interventions which decrease challenging behaviors and improve academic performance of students with Emotional Behavioral Disturbances.
Quantum dash based directly modulated lasers for long‐reach access networks
Authors: Joshi S. , Chimot N. , Neto L.A. , Accard A. , Provost J.‐G. , Franchin F. , Ramdane A. , Lelarge F.
Published: March 2014

An innovative 10 Gbit/s single mode optical transmitter with the capacity of error‐free transmission is demonstrated in the range of 0–100 km with constant biasing conditions by using a quantum dash directly modulated laser. A commercially available etalon filter is used as a passive optical filter to achieve penalty‐free transmission with a dynamic extinction ratio >6 dB over a large range of fibre spans.
Development of a quartz tuning-fork-based force sensor for measurements in the tens of nanoNewton force range during nanomanipulation experiments
Authors: Oiko V. T. A. , Martins B. V. C. , Silva P. C. , Rodrigues V. , Ugarte D.
Published: March 2014

Understanding the mechanical properties of nanoscale systems requires new experimental and theoretical tools. In particular, force sensors compatible with nanomechanical testing experiments and with sensitivity in the nN range are required. Here, we report the development and testing of a tuning-fork-based force sensor for in situ nanomanipulation experiments inside a scanning electron microscope. The sensor uses a very simple design for the electronics and it allows the direct and quantitative force measurement in the 1–100 nN force range. The sensor response is initially calibrated against a nN range force standard, as, for example, a calibrated Atomic Force Microscopy cantilever; subsequently, applied force values can be directly derived using only the electric signals generated by the tuning fork. Using a homemade nanomanipulator, the quantitative force sensor has been used to analyze the mechanical deformation of multi-walled carbon nanotube bundles, where we analyzed forces in the 5–40 nN range, measured with an error bar of a few nN.
Communication: The electronic structure of matter probed with a single femtosecond hard x-ray pulse
Authors: Szlachetko J. , Milne C. J. , Hoszowska J. , Dousse J.-Cl. , Błachucki W. , Sà J. , Kayser Y. , Messerschmidt M. , Abela R. , Boutet S. , David C. , Williams G. , Pajek M. , Patterson B. D. , Smolentsev G. , van Bokhoven J. A. , Nachtegaal M.
Published: March 2014

Physical, biological, and chemical transformations are initiated by changes in the electronic configuration of the species involved. These electronic changes occur on the timescales of attoseconds (10−18 s) to femtoseconds (10−15 s) and drive all subsequent electronic reorganization as the system moves to a new equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium state. The ability to detect the dynamics of these electronic changes is crucial for understanding the potential energy surfaces upon which chemical and biological reactions take place. Here, we report on the determination of the electronic structure of matter using a single self-seeded femtosecond x-ray pulse from the Linac Coherent Light Source hard x-ray free electron laser. By measuring the high energy resolution off-resonant spectrum (HEROS), we were able to obtain information about the electronic density of states with a single femtosecond x-ray pulse. We show that the unoccupied electronic states of the scattering atom may be determined on a shot-to-shot basis and that the measured spectral shape is independent of the large intensity fluctuations of the incoming x-ray beam. Moreover, we demonstrate the chemical sensitivity and single-shot capability and limitations of HEROS, which enables the technique to track the electronic structural dynamics in matter on femtosecond time scales, making it an ideal probe technique for time-resolved X-ray experiments.
Fabrication of single crystalline, uniaxial single domain Co nanowire arrays with high coercivity
Authors: Ramazani A. , Almasi Kashi M. , Montazer A. H.
Published: March 2014

Whilst Co nanorods with high coercivity were synthesized during recent years, they did not achieve the same results as for Co nanowires embedded in solid templates. In the present work, Co nanowire arrays (NWAs) with high coercivity were successfully fabricated in porous aluminum oxide template under optimum conditions by using pulsed ac electrodeposition technique. Magnetic properties and crystalline characteristics of the nanowires were investigated by hysteresis loop measurements, first-order reversal curve (FORC) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns. Hysteresis loop measurements showed high coercivity of about 4.8 kOe at room temperature together with optimum squareness of 1, resulting in an increase of the previous maximum coercivity for Co NWAs up to 45%. XRD and SAED patterns revealed a single crystalline texture along the [0002] direction, indicating the large magnetocrystalline anisotropy. On the other hand, FORC analysis confirmed a single domain structure for the Co NWAs. In addition, the reversal mechanism of the single crystalline, single domain Co NWAs was studied which resulted in the fixed easy axis with a coherent rotation. Accordingly, these nanowires might offer promising applications in high density bit patterned media and low power logic devices.
Precipitation of iron in multicrystalline silicon during annealing
Authors: Liu A. Y. , Macdonald Daniel
Published: March 2014

In this paper, the precipitation kinetics of iron in multicrystalline silicon during moderate temperature annealing are systematically studied with respect to annealing time, temperature, iron super-saturation level, and different types and densities of precipitation sites. The quantitative analysis is based on examining the changes in the concentrations and distributions of interstitial iron in multicrystalline silicon wafers after annealing at 400–700 °C. This is achieved by using the photoluminescence imaging technique to produce high-resolution spatially resolved images of the interstitial iron concentrations. The concentrations of interstitial iron are found to decrease exponentially with the annealing time. Comparison of the precipitation time constants of wafers annealed at different temperatures and of different initial interstitial iron concentrations indicates that higher levels of iron super-saturation result in faster precipitation processes. The impact of iron super-saturation on the precipitation kinetics becomes increasingly important at low levels of super-saturation, while its impact saturates at very high levels of super-saturation (above 1000). Some grain boundaries are shown to act as effective precipitation sites for iron during annealing, and the reduction in the interstitial iron concentrations in the intra-grain regions is found to be mainly due to precipitation at dislocations. Some important differences between the iron precipitation behaviour at the grain boundaries and at the intra-grain dislocations are discussed. The effect of hydrogenation of the multicrystalline silicon wafers on the apparent iron precipitation rate is also presented and discussed.
Performance degradation of YBa2Cu3O7-δ tapes after suffering lightning impulse current
Authors: Sheng J. , Sun H. , Liu X. , Jin Z. , Hong Z.
Published: March 2014

Over-current performance of YBa2Cu3O7-δ tapes under power frequency has been well-studied by previous researches. However, in power grid, superconducting apparatus will also experience lightning impulse current under special working conditions. In this paper, two kinds of lightning impulse current are applied to superconducting testing samples. Comparisons between superconducting characteristics before and after the testing are presented in this paper. Explanations of performance degradation are presented from both the perspectives of temperature and stress mathematic calculation. A maximum endurable value of lightning current which may not cause degradation is obtained from the testing results.
Characterization of the deep levels responsible for non-radiative recombination in InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes
Authors: Meneghini M. , la Grassa M. , Vaccari S. , Galler B. , Zeisel R. , Drechsel P. , Hahn B. , Meneghesso G. , Zanoni E.
Published: March 2014

This paper presents an extensive investigation of the deep levels related to non-radiative recombination in InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The study is based on combined optical and deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements, carried out on LEDs with identical structure and with different values of the non-radiative recombination coefficient. Experimental data lead to the following, relevant, results: (i) LEDs with a high non-radiative recombination coefficient have a higher concentration of a trap (labeled as “e2”) with an activation energy of 0.7 eV, which is supposed to be located close to/within the active region; (ii) measurements carried out with varying filling pulse duration suggest that this deep level behaves as a point-defect/dislocation complex. The Arrhenius plot of this deep level is critically compared with the previous literature reports, to identify its physical origin.
Enhanced passivation at amorphous/crystalline silicon interface and suppressed Schottky barrier by deposition of microcrystalline silicon emitter layer in silicon heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Madani Ghahfarokhi Omid , von Maydell Karsten , Agert Carsten
Published: March 2014

In silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells, the embedded p-layer (emitter) between transparent conductive oxide (TCO) and crystalline silicon is depleted form both sides. Hence, high level of doping is required to preserve flat band. In this report, the role of the emitter conductivity on the electrical properties of SHJ solar cells is investigated. We offer depositing microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si) films to satisfy the required emitter conductivity and to suppress the Schottky barrier when employing low work function TCO material. Finally, by depositing μc-Si layers, the passivation of solar cell precursors improves and current increases, due to their low absorption coefficient.
Hybrid magneto-hydrodynamic simulation of a driven FRC
Authors: Rahman H. U. , Wessel F. J. , Binderbauer M. W. , Conti F. , Ney P. , Qerushi A. , Rostoker N.
Published: March 2014

We simulate a field-reversed configuration (FRC), produced by an “inductively driven” FRC experiment; comprised of a central-flux coil and exterior-limiter coil. To account for the plasma kinetic behavior, a standard 2-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic code is modified to preserve the azimuthal, two-fluid behavior. Simulations are run for the FRC's full-time history, sufficient to include: acceleration, formation, current neutralization, compression, and decay. At start-up, a net ion current develops that modifies the applied-magnetic field forming closed-field lines and a region of null-magnetic field (i.e., a FRC). After closed-field lines form, ion-electron drag increases the electron current, canceling a portion of the ion current. The equilibrium is lost as the total current eventually dissipates. The time evolution and magnitudes of the computed current, ion-rotation velocity, and plasma temperature agree with the experiments, as do the rigid-rotor-like, radial-profiles for the density and axial-magnetic field [cf. Conti et al. Phys. Plasmas 21, 022511 (2014)].
The loss rates of O+ in the inner magnetosphere caused by both magnetic field line curvature scattering and charge exchange reactions
Authors: Ji Y. , Shen C.
Published: March 2014

With consideration of magnetic field line curvature (FLC) pitch angle scattering and charge exchange reactions, the O+ (>300 keV) in the inner magnetosphere loss rates are investigated by using an eigenfunction analysis. The FLC scattering provides a mechanism for the ring current O+ to enter the loss cone and influence the loss rates caused by charge exchange reactions. Assuming that the pitch angle change is small for each scattering event, the diffusion equation including a charge exchange term is constructed and solved; the eigenvalues of the equation are identified. The resultant loss rates of O+ are approximately equal to the linear superposition of the loss rate without considering the charge exchange reactions and the loss rate associated with charge exchange reactions alone. The loss time is consistent with the observations from the early recovery phases of magnetic storms.
Observations of exciton and carrier spin relaxation in Be doped p-type GaAs
Authors: Asaka Naohiro , Harasawa Ryo , Lu Shulong , Dai Pan , Tackeuchi Atsushi
Published: March 2014

We have investigated the exciton and carrier spin relaxation in Be-doped p-type GaAs. Time-resolved spin-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements revealed spin relaxation behaviors between 10 and 100 K. Two PL peaks were observed at 1.511 eV (peak 1) and 1.497 eV (peak 2) at 10 K, and are attributed to the recombination of excitons bound to neutral Be acceptors (peak 1) and the band-to-acceptor transition (peak 2). The spin relaxation times of both PL peaks were measured to be 1.3–3.1 ns at 10–100 K, and found to originate from common electron spin relaxation. The observed existence of a carrier density dependence of the spin relaxation time at 10–77 K indicates that the Bir-Aronov-Pikus process is the dominant spin relaxation mechanism.
Lowering of the firing voltage and reducing of the discharge delay time in alternating current plasma display panels by a discontinuous spin-coated LaB6 film on the MgO protective layer
Authors: Deng Jiang , Zeng Baoqing , Wang Xiaoju , Lin Zulun , Qi Kangcheng , Cao Guichuan
Published: March 2014

A spin coated LaB6 discontinuous film is covered on MgO protective layer to improve the discharge performance of alternating current plasma display panels. Under the premise of high transmittance of more than 90%, a very small amount of polycrystal LaB6 powders added in an organic solvent are chosen as the coating solution. The discharge characteristics results show that with 250 torr 5% Xe-Ne pressure, the firing voltage and discharge delay time of the test panel with LaB6/MgO double protective layer are decreased by 13.4% and 36.5%, respectively, compared with that of conventional MgO protective layer, likely owing to the low work function of LaB6. Furthermore, the aging time of the proposed structure is comparable to that of pure MgO protective layer. Therefore, it will not increase the production costs and is highly suitable to be applied for alternating current plasma display panels with low electrical power consumption.
Electrical and thermal conductivities of reduced graphene oxide/polystyrene composites
Authors: Park Wonjun , Hu Jiuning , Jauregui Luis A. , Ruan Xiulin , Chen Yong P.
Published: March 2014

The author reports an experimental study of electrical and thermal transport in reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/polystyrene (PS) composites. The electrical conductivity (σ) of RGO/PS composites with different RGO concentrations at room temperature shows a percolation behavior with the percolation threshold of ∼0.25 vol. %. Their temperature-dependent electrical conductivity follows Efros-Shklovskii variable range hopping conduction in the temperature range of 30–300 K. The thermal conductivity (κ) of composites is enhanced by ∼90% as the concentration is increased from 0 to 10 vol. %. The thermal conductivity of composites approximately linearly increases with increasing temperature from 150 to 300 K. Composites with a higher concentration show a stronger temperature dependence in the thermal conductivity.
The critical control points for increasing reproductive performance can be used to inform research priorities
Authors: Young J. M. , Trompf J. , Thompson A. N.
Published: March 2014

Improving the reproductive performance of sheep is a national research priority, but identifying which components of the reproductive process should be the highest priority for further research is complex. The analysis reported in this paper tested the hypothesis that research areas can be prioritised using knowledge of potential gains and bio-economic modelling of critical control points. The analysis was carried out in two parts and the control points included increasing conception, increasing survival of single- or twin-born lambs, increasing survival of ewes at lambing, increasing weaner survival and increasing early reproductive success. For each control point, four productivity levels were examined and the average change in profit per unit of change in the control point per animal was calculated for three flock types. The second component quantified the potential industry gain from the change in profit per unit in each control point, the potential for change (number of units) and the potential adoption (number of ewes or weaners). On the basis of the assumptions used, increasing survival of twin-born lambs was the area with the highest pay-off and had an estimated value of AU$515 million. The value of increasing twin-lamb survival compared with single-lamb survival was affected by the proportion of single- and twin-bearing ewes in the flock. In a flock based on maternal ewes, there are relatively more twin-bearing ewes, so increasing twin survival was a higher priority than for flocks based on Merino ewes in which the proportion of twins was lower. The analysis suggested that the second most important area for future research was improving reproduction from ewe lambs with a pay-off of AU$332 million, followed by improving survival of ewes AU$303 million, improving survival of single born lambs AU$285 million, improving the number of lambs conceived AU$235 million, improving reproduction from 2-year-old ewes AU$221 million and, finally, improving weaner survival AU$52 million. The priorities determined using this method were robust and varying the assumptions of the bio-economic analysis had little impact on the priorities. There was no change in the overall ranking of the critical control points from either increasing the meat or wool price by 20% or altering the flock structure of the Merino flock. Therefore, we can be confident that the priorities determined in the present analysis with current prices and production systems will be valid in to the future.