bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and tolerance of short cycles of palliative radiotherapy in advanced anal sac adenocarcinomas in dogs
Authors: Militi Mario , Botta Vittorio , Heidrich Ylva , Berlato Davide
Published: November 2024

Successful management of advanced anal sac gland adenocarcinomas (AGASACA) often requires a multimodal approach. In recent years the role of palliative radiotherapy (pRT) has become increasingly more important, mainly in dogs with severe local clinical signs. This study describes efficacy and tolerance of short cycles of pRT. Retrospective single-institution study including dogs with AGASACA treated with at least one short cycle of pRT (IMRT, 4Gy BID for two consecutive days). All dogs were staged with CT and followed to death. Outcome measures were PFS and OST from the first pRT. Potential prognostic factors were evaluated. Twelve dogs were included (one stage II, four stage III, seven stage IV). Three dogs had one cycle, seven had two cycles, and two had three cycles of pRT. All dogs experienced a clinical benefit after pRT. One dog also had surgery, four systemic treatment, and five both. Eleven dogs died during the follow-up (four for local progression, six for systemic progression, one unknown). The median PFS was 198 days (95% CI 98—298) and the OST was 250 days (95% CI 124—376). Mild, acute, short-term GI toxicity occurred in seven dogs (five G1; two G2). None of the dogs experienced clinically relevant late toxicity. Short cycles of radiotherapy can be effectively used as a palliative treatment for advanced AGASACA with minimal toxicity. The small number of patients did not allow to assess the benefits of combining RT with other treatment modalities or the identification of meaningful prognostic factors.
Ectopic Cervical Thymic Tissue Mimicking Parathyroid Hyperplasia: A Rare Occurrence Linked to Graves Disease
Authors: Chatchomchuan Waralee , Thewjitcharoen Yotsapon , Nakasatien Soontaree , Suvikapakornkul Ronnarat , Keerawat Somboon , Himathongkam Thep
Published: November 2024

Thymic hyperplasia has occasionally been reported in patients with Graves disease (GD). However, ectopic cervical thymic hyperplasia in the setting of hyperthyroid GD is exceptionally rare. We describe a case of a 54-year-old Thai woman who presented with hyperthyroidism, diplopia, and pretibial myxedema. She underwent a total thyroidectomy because of diplopia caused by Graves ophthalmopathy. During the surgery, 3 macroscopically abnormal enlargements of parathyroid gland-like tissue were identified and removed. Histopathology revealed hyperplastic thymic tissue mixed with 1 normal-sized parathyroid gland at the location of the left upper parathyroid gland, and thymic tissue was found in the sample labeled as the right upper parathyroid gland. Notably, the sample labeled as the right lower parathyroid gland was actually determined to be a lymph node. Preoperative blood samples showed normal serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels. Postoperatively, computed tomography of the chest showed thymic hyperplasia in the anterior mediastinum, which slightly regressed at the 9-month follow-up. The patient had transient hypoparathyroidism requiring oral calcium and active vitamin D supplements for 6 months postoperatively. Ectopic cervical thymic hyperplasia can be found in GD and might be indistinguishable from parathyroid hyperplasia. Biochemical evaluations are required to exclude concomitant hyperparathyroidism, and a conservative approach should be considered.
Hypoglycemia Associated With Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Authors: Saeed Hamayle , Sheehan Amanda , Patti Mary-Elizabeth
Published: November 2024

Hypoglycemia in the absence of diabetes is often multifactorial and challenging to diagnose definitively. We present a case report and an expanded series of adult females with reactive hypoglycemia who were diagnosed with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). These patients exhibited predominantly postprandial hypoglycemia, with some fasting and activity-induced episodes. Clinical findings included autonomic dysfunction, gastrointestinal symptoms, and joint hypermobility. Interventions focused on medical nutrition therapy, continuous glucose monitoring, and, in some cases, medication. Many patients continued to experience hypoglycemic episodes despite treatment. Key learning points include the potential association between hypermobile EDS and hypoglycemia, the importance of confirming the Whipple triad, and the need for multidisciplinary management. This case series highlights the need for further research into the prevalence and pathophysiology of hypoglycemia in EDS.
Lassen’s Cerebral Autoregulation Plot Revisited and Validated 65 Years Later: Impacts of Vasoactive Drug Treatment on Cerebral Blood Flow
Authors: Meng Lingzhong , Sun Yanhua , Rasmussen Mads , Libiran Nicole Bianca S. , Naiken Semanti , Meacham Kylie S. , Schmidt Jacob D. , Lahiri Niloy K. , Han Jiange , Liu Ziyue , Adams David C. , Gelb Adrian W.
Published: November 2024

Niels Lassen’s seminal 1959 cerebral autoregulation plot, a cornerstone in understanding the relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cerebral blood flow (CBF), was based on preexisting literature. However, this work has faced criticism for selective data presentation, leading to inaccurate interpretation. This review revisits and validates Lassen’s original plot using contemporary data published since 2000. Additionally, we aim to understand the impact of vasoactive drug treatments on CBF, as Lassen’s referenced studies used various drugs for blood pressure manipulation. Our findings confirm Lassen’s concept of a plateau where CBF remains relatively stable across a specific MAP range in awake humans with normal brains. However, significant variations in cerebral autoregulation among different populations are evident. In critically ill patients and those with traumatic brain injury, the autoregulatory plateau dissipates, necessitating tight blood pressure control to avoid inadequate or excessive cerebral perfusion. A plateau is observed in patients anesthetized with intravenous agents but not with volatile agents. Vasopressor treatments have population-dependent effects, with contemporary data showing increased CBF in critically ill patients but not in awake humans with normal brains. Vasopressor treatment results in a greater increase in CBF during volatile than intravenous anesthesia. Modern antihypertensives do not significantly impact CBF based on contemporary data, exerting a smaller impact on CBF compared to historical data. These insights underscore the importance of individualized blood pressure management guided by modern data in the context of cerebral autoregulation across varied patient populations.
Wpływ zbiorników retencyjnych na zmiany właściwości fizyczno-chemicznych wód i wielkości ładunku biogenów w Potoku Oruńskim
Authors: Cieśliński Roman , Jagielski Bartosz
Published: November 2024

Celem głównym pracy była ocena wpływu trzech zbiorników retencyjnych w zlewni miejskiej Potoku Oruńskiego na zmiany cech fizyczno-chemicznych wód rzecznych. Oceniono także rolę zbiorników do akumulowania i odprowadzania ładunku azotu ogólnego i fosforu ogólnego. Prowadzono badania terenowe: pomiar natężenia przepływu, pobór próbek wody do analiz chemicznych, pomiary in situ przewodności elektrolitycznej właściwej i odczynu wody oraz laboratoryjne: oznaczono stężenia jonów – Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, PO43− oraz azotu ogólnego i fosforu ogólnego. Obliczono ładunki chwilowe azotu ogólnego i fosforu ogólnego, a także wykonano obliczenia statystyczne m.in. korelację rangową Spearmana oraz test Tukeya i przeprowadzono analizę wariancji ANOVA. Miały one, między innymi, na celu obliczenie korelacji pomiędzy stężeniem azotu ogólnego i fosforu ogólnego, a pozostałymi badanymi wskaźnikami fizyczno-chemicznymi i jonami, w zależności od lokalizacji punktu pomiarowego i czasu poboru próbki. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono duże zróżnicowanie stężeń analizowanych wskaźników fizyczno-chemicznych w poszczególnych punktach pomiarowych. Analiza zmienności ładunków fosforu ogólnego wykazała, że zbiornik Świętokrzyska I akumulował go praktycznie w całym okresie pomiarowym. Z kolei analiza ładunków azotu ogólnego udokumentowała, że wszystkie zbiorniki retencyjne wykazywały tendencję akumulacyjną tylko w trzech miesiącach – w grudniu, lipcu i październiku. Również w trzech miesiącach wszystkie zbiorniki wykazały zwiększenie odpływu ładunku azotu ogólnego (uwalnianie dodatkowych ilości azotu ogólnego w stosunku do tego, co doprowadza Potok Oruński) – w lutym, marcu i wrześniu. W pozostałych miesiącach rola każdego ze zbiorników była zróżnicowana, dlatego nie zostały ustalone schematy alokacji ładunku azotu ogólnego.
A stereological study: Volume estimation in the cerebellum of Norduz sheep Norduz sheep: A stereological study
Authors: Kiran M , Cakmak G
Published: November 2024

Evaluation of fish nutrient content could provide essential guidance for the consumption of fish and protection of human health. This study investigated the biochemical composition and fatty acid profiles (FA) of three native trout species: Salmo rizeensis, Salmo ardahanensis, Salmo coruhensis. This is the first study to characterize FA content and lipid quality indices of S. rizeensis, Salmo ardahanensis, and S. coruhensis. The highest crude protein and crude fat were found in S. ardahanensis and S. rizeensis, respectively. Although there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) among trout species on crude protein, the crude fat content of S. rizeensis was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the other species. The FA compositions of trout species ranged from 29.22% to 40.12% saturated FAs (SFA), 27.57% to 37.67% monounsaturated FAs (MUFA), and 26.54% to 28.41% polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA). The most dominant FAs were palmitic acid (C16:0) among SFAs, oleic acid (C18:1n9c) among MUFAs, and linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n3) among PUFAs. These species were found to be rich sources of EPA+DHA in the range of 10.49-15.58%. The highest fish lipid quality index (FLQ) and EPA+DHA content was found in S. ardahanensis, while the highest h/H value was found in S. coruhensis. The atherogenic index, thrombogenic index, and ∑n3/n6 ratio of all species were within the limit range reported by international organizations. These results showed that all trout species used in this study could be considered as a beneficial and balanced food source for human consumption and future fish farming in terms of rich protein content, FA ratio, and lipid quality indices.
Distribution of bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in cows with clinical mastitis in a dairy farm, Türkiye
Authors: Guner B , Ozturk B , Erkan AA , Erturk M , Ucan N , Keskin A
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to identify the pathogens causing clinical mastitis (CM) and their resistance levels to six common antimicrobials in a dairy farm in Turkey. A total of 973 CM milk samples were cultured and a Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was performed for antimicrobial susceptibility. While 64.0% (623/973) of CM samples were culture-positive, 36.0% (350/973) of CM samples yielded no growth. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated pathogen (36.3%), followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (8.3%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (7.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (3.1%), Streptococcus uberis (1.5%), Enterococcus spp. (1.4%), Mycoplasma spp. (1.4%), Streptococcus agalactiae (0.7%), and Corynebacterium spp. (0.4%). Antimicrobial resistance was higher (P > 0.01) to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC, 32.3%) than that to enrofloxacin (ENR, 23.4%), cefoperazone (CFP, 17.9%), cefquinome (CEQ, 17.7%), penicillin G (P, 15.2%), and gentamicin (CN, 3.6%) in culture-positive 642 isolates. For E. coli isolates, percentage of resistance to AMC, ENR, CFP, CEQ, P, and CN was 37.7, 30.6, 24.4, 23.2, 5.9, and 1.1%, respectively. Resistance to AMC (31.2%) and P (46.3%) was higher in CNS than Strep. dysgalactiae isolates (1.5% and 12.7%), respectively. Multidrug resistance was detected in 34 E. coli isolates (9.6%), 7 CNS isolates (8.6%), and 2 Strep. dysgalactiae (2.8%). In conclusion, the higher identification of E. coli demonstrated the higher risk of environmental microorganisms for CM in this study. Higher resistance to commonly used five of six antimicrobials showed the requirement of frequent bacteriological and antimicrobial susceptibility tests for CM. Thus, these implementations could increase treatment efficacy in cows and reduce antimicrobial resistance.
Ten-year comparison of the efficiency of legal regulations of foodborne pathogens in broilers in Türkiye
Authors: Buyukunal SK , Muratoglu K , Yilmaz Eker F , Gjoni Gundemir M , Topcuoglu S , Koluman A
Published: November 2024

Broiler meats are the primary source of foodborne pathogens, such as Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella spp., and E. coli O157. The illegal use of antibiotics for preventive purposes or the habit of using broad-spectrum antibiotics in farms causes antibiotic resistance in these pathogens. This study compared C. jejuni, Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157 and their antibiotic resistance patterns in broiler meats in 2011-2012 and 2021-2022. The research we conducted in 2011-2012 to observe the effectiveness of the legal regulations enacted in Türkiye in 2014 and 2018 for controlling pathogens and monitoring the use of antibiotics was also repeated with a similar sample set in 2021-2022. The results showed the prevalence of C. jejuni, Salmonella spp., and E. coli O157 in 2011-2012 and 2021-2022 with 68.0%, 30.4%, 0.8% and 10.08%, 7.77%, 0.21%, respectively.
The antimicrobial susceptibility tests against gentamicin, streptomycin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, tetracycline and oxytetracycline were performed by agar disk diffusion method. According to results in 2011-2012, all C. jejuni and Salmonella spp. were resistant to at least one tested antibiotic, with 31.57% Salmonella spp. and 16.47% C. jejuni being multidrug-resistant. In addition, one of the E. coli O157 strains was resistant to one antibiotic, and the other was resistant to two antibiotics. In 2021-2022, 81.3% C. jejuni, 46% Salmonella spp., and only one E. coli O157 were resistant to at least one tested antibiotic. Isolated strains of 8.33% C. jejuni and 21.62% Salmonella spp. were multidrug-resistant.
In the past, antibiotics were used for preventative purposes, as indicated by the survey results. Today, it is evident that these rates have decreased to low levels as a result of legal regulations and monitoring.
Vaginal cytology during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy of ewes
Authors: Haq’qi Qobadi M , Goli M , Mohammadi T , Cheraghi H
Published: November 2024

Changes in vaginal epithelial cells and blood progesterone and estrogen concentrations were compared between estrous cycle and early pregnancy in multiparous Sanjabee ewes. Twenty non-pregnant ewes were synchronized with intravaginal insertion of a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device which was in place for 7 days, intramuscular administration of a GnRH analog (Alarelin acetate; 12.5 µg) at the time of CIDR insertion (Day -7), a PGF2α analog (D-cloprostenol sodium; 125 µg) and 500 I.U. of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at the time of CIDR removal (Day 0). At Day 0, all ewes were introduced to four fertile rams and observed for estrous signs. Ewes exhibiting estrous signs were divided into two groups: MATED (confirmed pregnant with transrectal ultrasound scanning at Day 35) and NOT-MATED (confirmed non-pregnant with transrectal ultrasound scanning at Day 35). Vaginal smears and blood samples were taken daily and every other day, respectively, from the beginning of estrus for 20 days for cytology and hormone assay. Based on the results, during days 0 and 1 of the estrous cycle, only the percentages of intermediate cells differed between the groups (P < 0.05). During days 2 to 4, there was no difference in the cell populations between the groups (P ≥ 0.05). During days 5 to 16, the percentages of all cell types except the parabasal cells differed between the groups (P < 0.05). During days 17 to 20, the percentages of all types of vaginal epithelial cells differed between the groups (P < 0.05). Progesterone concentrations increased gradually from days 0 to 14 of the estrous cycle in both groups, however, they decreased significantly afterward in the NOT-MATED group. Estrogen concentrations changes showed an opposite pattern to that of progesterone in the study groups. Collectively, vaginal cytology can be used as a useful tool in assessing hormonal and physiological characteristics of the female reproductive system and thus provides a more accurate understanding of the physiology of estrous cycle and early pregnancy in ewes, which can be used to improve reproductive management.
Diagnosis and management of Canine Renal Cell Carcinoma with special reference to Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Jena B , Mohindroo J , Anand A , Gupta K
Published: November 2024

This report focuses on the diagnosis and surgical management of unilateral renal cell carcinoma in a 7-year-old male intact German Shepherd dog. The dog was presented with fever, haematuria, inappetence, infrequent bouts of emesis, and progressive weight loss. Palpation revealed a hard, round mass in the right cranial abdomen. A presumptive diagnosis of unilateral renal neoplasm was made based on clinical signs, haematobiochemical analysis, and radiography. B-mode ultrasound examination demonstrated an enlarged right kidney extending up to the ventral midline. The kidney exhibited heterogenous echotexture, loss of renal architecture, and only a small healthy portion at the caudal pole. Point Shear Wave Elastography analysis revealed elevated values both in terms Shear Wave Velocity (m/sec) and Young’s Modulus Stiffness Value (kPa), indicating the presence of renal malignancy. To treat the condition, unilateral nephroureterectomy was performed under general anaesthesia. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. Consequently, it can be concluded that B-mode ultrasonography, Point Shear Wave Elastography, and nephroureterectomy played crucial roles in the successful diagnosis and surgical management of unilateral renal cell carcinoma.
Molecular detection of Potential Novel Mansonella species (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) in equine and Culicoides enderleini from Africa
Authors: Sadeddine R , Sambou M , Davoust B , Righi S , Daghri K , Benakhla A , Parola P , Mediannikov O
Published: November 2024

A new genotype of a filarial worm from the Mansonella genus was determined in three donkeys from Algeria, as well as from four horses and two Culicoides enderleini biting midges from Senegal. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS1 and rRNA 5S genes shows similar results clustering this filarial worm within the genus Mansonella with low identity with all known Mansonella species. Further research should be performed to characterise this Mansonella sp. and assess its prevalence in African countries.
Seroprevalence of brucellosis among cows and sheep in Assiut province: A pilot study
Authors: Hamed M , Kamaly H , Abd Ellah M , Mohammed A
Published: November 2024

Brucellosis is a common neglected zoonotic disease with a global geographic distribution that endangers human health and animal production. However, there is a scarcity of studies focusing on brucellosis in neglected regions such as Assiut governorate in Egypt. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antibodies reactive to Brucella sp. in sheep and cows, as well as the associated risk factors, in Assiut governorate. A total of 184 sheep and 166 cows were included in the study, and their serum samples were subjected to screening using the Rose-Bengal plate test, followed by confirmation through the serum tube agglutination test. The overall seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies in sheep of 8.2% (15/184), while in cows, the seroprevalence was 1.2% (2/166). Among sheep, the seropositivity for Brucella abortus was 4.3% (8/184), whereas for Brucella melitensis, it was 6% (11/184). In cows, one cow displayed seropositivity for Brucella abortus, while the other exhibited mixed infection with both Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis. Moreover, animals originating from villages bordering Sohag governorate demonstrated a higher risk of contracting brucellosis while other risk factors did not impact the occurrence of brucellosis. In conclusion, this study provides compelling evidence of the endemic nature of brucellosis in the investigated areas, with a particularly high prevalence observed in sheep. Both cows and sheep are susceptible to infection by either Brucella abortus or Brucella melitensis. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the epidemiological factors associated with infection, it is imperative to conduct large-scale surveys that incorporate molecular isolation of various Brucella species to facilitate the development of appropriate prevention strategies.
The effect of onion and garlic powders on growth performance, viability, intestine histomorphology, and some blood parameters in Chukar Partridge chicks
Authors: Harman H , Eşki HT , Ündağ İ , Akbulut K , Başer E , Kırıkçı K , Dönmez HH
Published: November 2024

In the present study, a total of 270 chicks were divided into 6 main groups and 3 subgroups within 15 chicks in each subgroup. Except for the control group, 0,5% garlic, 0,5% onion, 1% onion, 1% garlic, and a mixture of 1% onion + 1% garlic powder were added to the diet of the study groups. According to the results of the study, there were no significant differences between the control and experimental groups in the body weight gain and feed consumption (P>0,05). In biochemical analyses, there were no significant differences between the groups in low density lipoprotein and cholesterol levels but significant differences were found in high density lipoprotein and malondialdehyde levels, especially in 1% onion powder (P<0,05). According to histological analysis, significant differences were found in villus length, crypt depth, and goblet cell count and the highest villus length was recorded in the 1% onion powder group (P<0,05). A significant statistical difference was found between all experimental groups and the control group in the viability and the highest rate was recorded in the 1% onion powder group (P<0,01). As a result, onion garlic powders increased the viability of chukar partridge chicks, which are quite difficult to breed. When all the data were examined, it was determined that the most beneficial supplementation was 1% onion powder.
Improving antioxidant function, inflammatory responses, growth performance, and mortality by supplementing black cumin (Nigella Sativa) seed in broiler chickens exposed to low ambient temperature
Authors: Fathi M , Zarrinkavyani K , Biranvand Z , Mohmmadi Y , Jameel Hilal M
Published: November 2024

This study was done to investigate the effects of black cumin (Nigella sativa) powder (BCP) on oxidative stress, inflammation cytokines, hematological and biochemical change and growth performance of broilers under low ambient temperature. Total of 375 one -day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated into five treatments with five replication pens (with 15 broilers per pen). A total of 75 birds were reared in a thermoneutral (TN group) environment, and the rest of the birds (300 birds in four groups) were exposed to cold stress (CS). On d 14, CS birds' groups were fed a control diet and three levels of BCP at rates of 5, 10, and 15 g/kg (BCP-5, BCP-10, and BCP-15, respectively). The blood and heart samples were collected. On day 42, two birds per cage (n = 10/treatment) were weighed and euthanized, and samples for blood and heart were collected. Dietary BCP modulated cold-induced effects on growth performance indices, relative weight heart weight, right ventricle / total ventricle ratio, right ventricle /body weight and mortality. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in serum and liver were enhanced, and malondialdehyde was reduced by BCP supplementation compared to the CS group. The cold stress-induced effect on serum and liver levels of TNF-α and interleukin-6 were reduced, and interleukin-10 was enhanced by dietary BCP supplementation. Moreover, supplementing of diets with BCP alleviated the adverse effect of cold stress as reflected by a reduction in alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, and cholesterol compared to the CS group. In conclusion, BCP supplementation during cold stress may be used to alleviate cold stress- related changes in broiler chickens.
Effects of dietary fermented mealworm larvae and stocking density on performance, blood stress indicator and intestine parameters of broilers
Authors: Sarica Ş , Yavuz M , Sanli ER , Kati A , Altuntas S , Alatas MS , Ekici M , Yazarel S , Keskintas AT
Published: November 2024

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of defatted mealworm larvae meal fermented with probiotics as a new antibacterial feed additive to the diet of broilers reared under normal- (NSD) and high- (HSD) stocking density on growth performance, blood and slaughtering parameters, microorganism content and morphology of ileum and short-chain fatty acids content of ceca. A total of four hundred and fifty one-d-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly distributed into six groups of similar mean weight, each containing five replicates. Experimental treatments consisted of a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement with two levels of stocking density (12 birds/m2 as NSD and 18 birds/m2 as HSD) and three different mash diets: CONT- a corn-soybean meal-based diet containing no fermented defatted mealworm larvae meal (FDM) (0%); FDMLP- the diet obtained by supplementing DM fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum to the CONT diet (0.4%); FDMLB- the diet obtained by supplementing DM fermented with Lactobacillus brevis to the CONT diet (0.4%). HSD significantly decreased the growth performance except feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass yields (CYs), Lactobacillus spp. content and villus height (VH) and villus surface area (VSA) of ileum and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations of ceca, but, increased the blood heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio and Escherichia coli content and crypt depth (CD) of ileum of broilers compared to NSD. The FDMLP and FDMLB diets significantly improved the FCR and increased final body weight (BW), BW gain, Lactobacillus spp. content and VH and VSA of ileum and SCFAs concentrations of ceca, however, reduced the blood H/L ratio and Escherichia coli content and CD of ileum of broilers when compared to the CONT diet. In conclusion, FDMLP and FDMLB can be utilized as new antibacterial feed additives in broiler diets regardless of stocking density.
Effects of wheat and corn gluten on growth performance, histopathologic and autoimmune metabolism of entero-hepatictissue in lambs
Authors: Can MB , İmik H , Terim Kapakin KA
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the effects of wheat gluten and corn gluten, alone as a protein source into rations as protein sources, on fattening performance and the histopathological and autoimmune metabolism of the small intestinal and hepatic tissues in lambs. The animals enrolled in the study were fed on isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets. The protein sources provided to the animals were soybean meal and safflower meal in the control group, wheat gluten in Group Wheat, and corn gluten in Group Corn. The study animals included 24 male Morkaraman (Red Karaman) lambs, which were of a mean age of 9 months and assigned to three groups, each of 8 animals. Mean daily body weight gain (0-56 day) were observed to be significantly lower in Group Wheat (p<0.05). Mean daily feed intake were observed to be significantly lower in Group Wheat and Group Corn (p<0.05). At the end of the study, when compared to the control group, Group Wheat displayed significantly higher levels of villous atrophy, inflammation, crypt hyperplasia and transglutaminase immunopositivity in the small intestinal tissue as well as necrosis, inflammation, bile duct hyperplasia and transglutaminase immunopositivity in the hepatic tissue, and a lower level of degeneration in the liver (p<0.05). The findings detected in Group Corn were variable. In result, wheat gluten significantly affected both performance parameters and the histopathological and autoimmune metabolism of the intestinal and hepatic tissues in lambs.
Key words: Corn; gluten; lamb; wheat; histopathological
Impact of Antioxidant Addition to Quail Feed on Progeny’s Antioxidant Status and Glutathione Peroxidase 1 Gene Expression
Authors: Karageçili MR , Karadaş F
Published: November 2024

In this study, the effect of antioxidant supplementation in breeder quail feed on performance of progeny and total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase concentration and expression level of glutathione peroxidase 1 gene in liver tissue of progeny at hatching and 21-d-old were investigated. A total of 432 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) breeders (a total of 432 breeders, 324 female and 108 male) were divided into six groups. Breeder quails in the control group were fed with basal breeder quail diet. Animals in the experimental groups were fed with commercial breeder feed by adding 0.35 mg/kg Sel-Plex, 40 mg/kg L-carnitine, 50 mg/kg DL-methionine, 250 mg/kg vitamin E and 10 mg/kg taurine, respectively. Following the breeder feeding period, a total of 1200 eggs, 200 fertile quail eggs in each group, were placed in the incubator. Hatched chicks were placed in the same trial groups. Progeny was fed with basal chick diet. Breeder quails and progeny were fed ad libitum for four weeks, with constant access to feed and water. The lowest hatchability of total eggs, fertility and hatchability of fertile eggs were determined in the taurine group (77.5%, 91.5%, 84.70%, respectively) (p<0.05). Mid-term embryo mortality did not occur in the Se group (p<0.05). Body weight, feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of progeny did not affect addition of antioxidant (p>0.05). Supplementation of methionine and vitamin E increased glutathione peroxidase enzyme concentration in liver tissue of chicks at hatching (1.575 ng/mg and 1.875 ng/mg, respectively) and 21-d-old (2.739 ng/mg and 2.716 ng/mg, respectively). The addition of antioxidants to the diet increased the total antioxidant capacity in liver tissue at hatching (p<0.05). As a result, antioxidant supplementation to breeder basal diet affected the hatchability of total eggs, fertility, embryonic deaths, and glutathione peroxidase enzyme concentration, total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase 1 gene expression levels.
Folic acid, cobalamin, and biotin concentrations in milk samples of sheep, goats, and cows
Authors: Kılıç Altun S , Durmaz H , Paksoy N , Aydemir ME
Published: November 2024

Milk is an important food obtained from mammals, containing almost all of the nutrients needed for metabolism. The vitamin composition of milk, the first food of mammals, is valuable data for the food industry and public health. This study aimed to determine the levels of folic acid (vitamin B9), cobalamin (vitamin B12), and biotin (vitamin B7) in different milk samples (cow, sheep, goat) using the ELISA method. For this purpose, milk samples from Holstein Cows (n:50), Awassi Sheep (n:50), and Kilis Goats (n:50) available for retail in the Şanlıurfa province of Turkey were collected and analyzed. In this study, the average folic acid content of sheep, goat, and cow milk was found to be 3.45 µg/100 mL, 7.23 µg/100 ml, and 6.64 µg/100 mL, respectively. The average cobalamin content of sheep, goat, and cow milk was 0.70 µg/100 ml, 7.43 µg/100 ml, and 0.58 µg/100 mL, respectively, while the average biotin content of sheep, goat, and cow milk was 2.21 µg/100 mL, 2.21 µg/100 mL, and 2.09 µg/100 mL, respectively. It was noted that the average biotin levels in sheep, goat, and cow milk did not differ significantly. However, significant differences were observed in the quantities of folic acid and cobalamin (P<0.05). Different levels of folic acid were found in milk samples from these three species. Cobalamin levels in goat milk samples were significantly higher, while biotin levels were similar in each milk sample of the species. This study underscores the importance of understanding and considering the diverse vitamin compositions of milk from different mammalian species to ensure comprehensive nutritional intake.
Eastward spreading of the invasive Rugulopteryx okamurae (Heterokontophyta, Dictyotales) in the Mediterranean: first record in the Adriatic Sea
Authors: BOTTALICO ANTONELLA , TURSI ANDREA , MASTROTOTARO FRANCESCO , CHIMIENTI GIOVANNI , MINCUZZI ANNAMARIA
Published: November 2024

The brown seaweed Rugulopteryx okamurae is currently included in the list of invasive alien species of European Union concern due to its rapid expansion that is causing both ecological and economic impacts. In this study, we report the first record of R. okamurae in the Southern Adriatic Sea, off the coast of Bari, Italy, currently representing the easternmost limit of its distribution in the Mediterranean Sea. Morphological observations combined with rbcL and psbA sequence analyses confirmed the taxonomic identification. Field surveys carried out between April 2023 and January 2024 highlighted the conspicuous occurrence of R. okamurae over a total surface of approximately 6.5 ha. Two main human-mediated pathways occurring near the sites of the first observation of the alien species may have been responsible for its introduction: the trade in living organisms for human consumption and maritime transport related to the proximity of the port of Bari to the invaded area. Future studies will aim to identify and implement practical, cost-effective management strategies to mitigate this alarming bioinvasion.
Seasonal Variation of VS at Shallow Depth and Nonlinear Behavior of Soil Based on the ARGONET Vertical Array Data
Authors: Roumelioti Zafeiria , Hollender Fabrice
Published: November 2024

Ground acceleration time histories from earthquakes recorded by the ARGONET vertical array in Cephalonia, Greece, in the period from July 2016 to April 2022, are analyzed seeking evidence for nonlinear behavior of the shallow soil layers. Shear waves velocity, VS, between the shallowest sensor pair of the vertical array, i.e., within the top 5.6 m of the soil column, is derived for each earthquake record using the method of interferometry by deconvolution. The temporal variation of VS values is compared with indicators related to soil moisture and this leads to the identification of a clear difference in the level of the measured values between periods of intense rainfall and the dry summer months. Lower velocities, even lower than the level of VS during rainy periods (7-13% of the annual average), are obtained based on the strongest records of the analyzed sample. These low velocities are considered as indicators of nonlinear soil behavior, the threshold onset of which is difficult to determine without prior correction for the seasonal variation. The applied method can provide a detailed description of VS changes even during a single earthquake. Examples are provided on how nonlinear soil behavior may be manifested by a sudden VS value drop at the arrival of the strongest seismic phases.
An international, cross-sectional survey of preprint attitudes among biomedical researchers
Authors: Ng Jeremy Y. , Chow Valerie , Santoro Lucas J. , Armond Anna Catharina Vieira , Pirshahid Sanam Ebrahimzadeh , Cobey Kelly D. , Moher David
Published: November 2024

Background Preprints are scientific manuscripts that are made available on open-access servers but are not yet peer-reviewed. Although preprints are becoming more prevalent, uptake is not optimal. Understanding researchers’ opinions and attitudes toward preprints is valuable to optimize their use. Understanding knowledge gaps and researchers’ attitudes toward preprinting can assist stakeholders, such as journals, funding agencies, and universities, to use preprints more effectively. Here, we aimed to collect perceptions and behaviours regarding preprints across an international sample of biomedical researchers. Methods Corresponding authors of articles published in biomedical research journals were identified from a random sample of journals from the MEDLINE database. Their names and email addresses were extracted to invite them to our anonymous, cross-sectional survey, which asked participants questions about their knowledge, attitudes, and opinions regarding preprinting. Results The survey was completed by 730 respondents providing a response rate of 3.20% and demonstrated a wide range of attitudes and opinions about preprints with authors from various disciplines and career stages worldwide. Most respondents were familiar with the concept of preprints but most had not previously posted one. The lead author of the project and journal policy had the greatest impact on decisions to post a preprint, whereas employers/research institutes had the least impact. Supporting open science practices was the highest ranked incentive, while increasing authors’ visibility was the highest ranked motivation for publishing preprints. Conclusions Although many biomedical researchers recognize the benefits of preprints, there is still hesitation among others to engage in this practice. This may be due to the general lack of peer review of preprints and little enthusiasm from external organizations such as journals, funding agencies, and universities. Future work is needed to determine optimal ways to improve researchers’ attitudes through modifications to current preprint systems and policies.
The genome sequence of the Black Medic, Medicago lupulina L.
Authors: Ruhsam Markus ,   Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Plant Genome Sizing collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: November 2024

We present a genome assembly from a specimen of Black Medic, Medicago lupulina (Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Fabales; Fabaceae). The genome sequence has a total length of 575.40 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 8 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial and plastid genome assemblies have lengths of 294.12 kilobases and 123.99 kilobases, respectively. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 27,424 protein-coding genes.
Praktyka polityczna. Od "Państwa" do "Praw" Platona
Authors: Zygmuntowicz Dorota
Published: November 2024

Platon - filozof polityki, to przeciwnik demokracji, orędownik państwa totalitarnego, twórca nierealnej wizji społeczeństwa doskonałego. Czyżby? Książka Praktyka polityczna. Od „Państwa" do „Praw" Platona zachęca do weryfikacji podobnych sądów. Prowadząc czytelnika krok po kroku przez Platońskie teksty (Państwo, Polityk, Timajos i Prawa), śledząc dramaturgiczną akcję i analizując daleką od ostatecznych rozstrzygnięć treść, podaje w wątpliwość pogląd, iż Państwo jest szczytem politycznych wizji Platona; osłabia przekonanie, że stałość i niezmienność norm cechują dobry ustrój. Platon - filozof polityki, obnaża ograniczenia i niebezpieczeństwa wszelkich politycznych ideałów i konstrukcji dążących do doskonałości. Wciąż odnawiana świadomość niedoskonałości i kruchości ładu politycznego oraz ciągła refleksja nad tym, co słuszne i powinne, nad przyczynami zmiany tego, co jeszcze racjonalne, w to, co już irracjonalne, sprawdzająca wiarygodność autorytetów i norm stających się dogmatem lub zwyczajem, to wskazania, wytyczające drogę ku sprawiedliwemu ustrojowi. W ostatnim, najdłuższym dialogu, w Prawach, Platon szuka metod, które, w powiązaniu z prawodawstwem, pozwolą podtrzymać duchowy dynamizm, gotowość do kruszenia wszelkiej ortodoksji usypiającej myśl. Ocena słuszności jego prawodawczej propozycji, jak i kontynuacja metody krytycznego myślenia, od pokoleń wpisują się w tradycję każdej autentycznej sztuki politycznej. W książce omawiane są m.in. następujące zagadnienia: natura ładu politycznego, cnoty polityczne, powstanie i upadek państw, tradycja minojska, polityczna rola kultu dionizyjskiego, polityka jako „biesiadny chaos", irracjonalny aspekt życia politycznego, natura i funkcja prawa, suwerenność prawa a racjonalność jednostki.
Modern types of excursion activities
Authors: Dolynska Olesia , Hutsal Liudmyla , Dolynskiy Ievgen
Published: November 2024

Today, tourism is gaining increasing popularity worldwide and represents a sector with positive growth dynamics. Excursion activities are an important component of tourism. Modern excursion activities are rapidly evolving to meet the growing demands of tourists for new experiences and interactive formats. Excursions today are no longer limited to traditional forms of exploring cultural or historical landmarks; instead, they take on a creative and even adventurous character. Key modern trends in excursion activities include quest excursions, historical reenactment tours, thematic, and interactive tours, which allow participants to deeply immerse themselves in the ambiance of a place, feeling like a part of history or culture. Quest excursions combine the traditional format with interactive tasks, enabling tourists not only to observe but also actively participate in exploration. This makes excursions more emotionally engaging and suitable for various age groups. Historical reenactment tours, where participants can immerse themselves in past eras through the reconstruction of daily life, attire, and traditions, are also gaining popularity.
The article presents current trends in excursion activities. These activities create a unique atmosphere that allows for a deeper appreciation of the culture or genre. They may include mythological or legendary journeys where tourists uncover ancient mysteries, or nighttime excursions with a mystical ambiance. Interactive tours also push the boundaries of the traditional format by including elements of virtual reality, QR codes for self-guided information access, and workshops that let participants acquire new skills. Digital technologies are becoming a significant part of the excursion process: Virtual reality and augmented reality (AR) means provide the opportunity to virtually travel anywhere in the world without leaving one’s hometown. This format becomes particularly relevant during pandemics or for people with limited mobility. Interactive and thematic excursions meet modern tourists' expectations, transforming excursions into exciting adventures and significantly expanding the potential of excursion activities.
Homo Faber – Work From an Anthropological Perspective - In the Light of Research Conducted in Poland
Authors: Malewska-Szałygin Anna
Published: November 2024

The article informs about the conference Homo Faber - How Do We Work, How Did We Work?, which took place at the University of Warsaw in 2023. The text recalls the results of the fieldwork of Anna Zadrożyńska – an ethnologist starting anthropological research on this topic in Poland. Then, it briefly presents research projects carried out in Poland using ethnographic methods,outlining the trajectory of changing approaches. In the conclusion, which is an introduction to the thematic part of the volume, it briefly presents the post-conference articles included in this part.
Ethnography of past happiness. Work in the yeast factory in Maszewo Lęborskie
Authors: Busz Jakub
Published: November 2024

For inhabitants of Maszewo Lęborskie, the memory of work in the yeast factory is an important point on which their local community is based. It is a memory of a strong integrating feature that unites the people of Maszewo. Theworkers’ lifestyle, shaped by the yeast factory after its collapse, was transformed into a community of memories. I present an outline of the history of the yeast factory in Maszewo and created examples of the discourse of memory around it.
Influencing Factors on Burden and Quality of Life of Main Family Caregivers Caring for Home-Based Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Kim Jung Sug
Published: November 2024

This study was designed to identify the influencing factors on burden and quality of life familycaregivers caring for home-based psychiatric patients. This purpose of this study was to provide the data base for nursing implementation of home-based psychiatric patients's main caregivers.The sample were consisted of 69 home-based psychiatric patients's registered books in Y-Kun public health center. The data were gathered from June 1. to October 31, 1999. Burden tool was originally developed by Montgomery, Goynea & Hooyman(1985) and revised to 5 - point Likert type scale. The tool for quality of life was developed by Ro You Ja(1988). SAS/PC+ Program(Ver.6.12) was utilized for data analysis with discriptive statistics, Pearson coefficient correlation and the multiple stepwise regression.The results of this study are as follows:1. The average score of burden for main family caregivers was high level (mean score : 69.91), and quality of life was low level (mean score : 138.34).2. There is nonsignificant negative correlation between the burden of main family caregivers and quality of life main family caregivers.3. Stepwised multiple regression analysis revealed that predictor of burden was relation with patient, treatment situation of patient. There explanation is 13%.4. Stepwised multiple regression analysis revealed that predictor of quality of life was age of main family caregivers, diagnosis of patient, admission experience of patient. There explanation is 38 %.
Development of a Tool to Measure Decisional Balance of Exercise in the Elderly
Authors: Lee Pyoung Sook , Chang Sung Ok
Published: November 2024

This study was carried out to develop an instrument to measure decisional balance of exercise in elderly.The research procedure was as follows:1) Based on the literatural reviews, the conceptual framework was developed. Then through interview with 20 old people concerning decisional balance of exercise. 35 items were initially adopted.2) Through content validity analysis of the item by the researchers, 22 items were selected.3) To test for reliability and validity, data collection was done during the period from June.1. 2000. to July 31, 2000. The subjects for the test were 249 elderly in community in Seoul.This study utilized Cronbach's alpha in analyzing the reliability of the collected data and applied factor analysis, item analysis and multitrait-multimethod method to analyze validity.The findings are as follows:1) The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .93 for the 13 items in Pros, and .73 for 8 items in Cons.2) The item analysis was based on the corrected item to total correlation coefficient (.30 or more) and information about the alpha estimate if this item was dropped from the scale.3) As a result of factor analysis using principal component analysis and varimax rotation, 2 factors were extracted, and these factors explained 48 percents of the total variance. One item was deleted because of factor loading(less than 40).4) To analyze the validity, the scale of stage of change for exercise(Marcus et al., 1992) was utilized with this instrument. There were significant mean differences between the stages of adoption according to a elderly's experience with and intention for exercise in the pros score, the cons score and the decisional balance score.The instrument for accessing decisional balance for exercise of the elderly developed in this study was identified as a tool with a high degree of reliability and validity.