bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Delivering Mindfulness-Based Programmes in Schools: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Norton Katie R. , Griffith Gemma M.
Published: July 2020

There has been an increased interest in the delivery of Mindfulness-Based Programmes (MBPs) in schools yet little is known about how people who deliver MBPs in schools carry out and experience implementation. In this qualitative study, we aimed to examine the experiences of school staff who have a personal mindfulness practice, and who also deliver MBPs to their students. We recruited eight school staff (age range 34–64) who taught students mindfulness, and carried out semi-structured interviews focusing on investigating their positive and negative experiences of delivering mindfulness in schools, how practicing and delivering mindfulness affected their work-life, and their experiences of implementing school-based MBPs. School staff reported that delivering MBPs deepened their own mindfulness practice. The practice enabled them to feel better attuned to others, increased compassion for both themselves and students, helped their emotional regulation, and enhanced resilience to stress. Unexpectedly, half of the participants reported making changes to their work roles and several explicitly linked these changes to the increased self-compassion developed through mindfulness practice. They reported enjoying teaching school students MBPs (and noted that some students embraced mindfulness, and some were reluctant to engage) and sometimes found driving the implementation of MBPs in their school challenging. There appear to be numerous benefits of a personal mindfulness practice for school staff and delivering school-based MBPs can increase feelings of personal accomplishment. Future research is needed into whether MBPs can improve student–teacher relationships, and how some schools have successfully implemented MBPs.
Lunar Seismology: A Data and Instrumentation Review
Authors: Nunn Ceri , Garcia Raphael F. , Nakamura Yosio , Marusiak Angela G. , Kawamura Taichi , Sun Daoyuan , Margerin Ludovic , Weber Renee , Drilleau Mélanie , Wieczorek Mark A. , Khan Amir , Rivoldini Attilio , Lognonné Philippe , Zhu Peimin
Published: July 2020

Several seismic experiments were deployed on the Moon by the astronauts during the Apollo missions. The experiments began in 1969 with Apollo 11, and continued with Apollo 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17. Instruments at Apollo 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17 remained operational until the final transmission in 1977. These remarkable experiments provide a valuable resource. Now is a good time to review this resource, since the InSight mission is returning seismic data from Mars, and seismic missions to the Moon and Europa are in development from different space agencies. We present an overview of the seismic data available from four sets of experiments on the Moon: the Passive Seismic Experiments, the Active Seismic Experiments, the Lunar Seismic Profiling Experiment and the Lunar Surface Gravimeter. For each of these, we outline the instrumentation and the data availability.

We show examples of the different types of moonquakes, which are: artificial impacts, meteoroid strikes, shallow quakes (less than 200 km depth) and deep quakes (around 900 km depth). Deep quakes often occur in tight spatial clusters, and their seismic signals can therefore be stacked to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. We provide stacked deep moonquake signals from three independent sources in miniSEED format. We provide an arrival-time catalog compiled from six independent sources, as well as estimates of event time and location where available. We show statistics on the consistency between arrival-time picks from different operators. Moonquakes have a characteristic shape, where the energy rises slowly to a maximum, followed by an even longer decay time. We include a table of the times of arrival of the maximum energy $t_{\max}$

t
max

and the coda quality factor $Q_{c}$

Q
c

.

Finally, we outline minimum requirements for future lunar missions to the Moon. These requirements are particularly relevant to future missions which intend to share data with other agencies, and set out a path for an International Lunar Network, which can provide simultaneous multi-station observations on the Moon.
The influence of inorganic components and carbon-oxygen surface functionalities in activated hydrothermally carbonized waste materials for water treatment
Authors: Niinipuu Mirva , Latham Kenneth G. , Jansson Stina
Published: July 2020

In this study, we have examined how the activation of hydrothermally carbonized sewage sludge and horse manure influences the inorganic component of these materials and surface chemistry. This was examined through statistical correlations between kinetic tests using trimethoprim, fluconazole, perfluorooctanoic acid, and copper, zinc, and arsenic and physicochemical properties. Yield and inorganic content varied considerably, with potassium hydroxide–activated materials producing lower yields with higher inorganic content. Phosphoric acid activation incorporated inorganically bound phosphorus into the material, although this showed no statistically relevant benefit. A maximum surface area of 1363 m2g−1 and 343 m2g−1 was achieved for the horse manure and sewage sludge. Statistical analysis found positive correlations between carbon-oxygen functionalities and trimethoprim, fluconazole, perfluorooctanoic acid, and copper removal, while inorganic content was negatively correlated. Conversely, arsenic removal was positively correlated with inorganic content. This research provides insight into the interactions with the organic/inorganic fraction of activated waste materials for water treatment.
Gewaltsoziologie im Wandel
Authors: Braun Andreas
Published: July 2020

In den gegenwärtigen gewaltsoziologischen Debatten und Diskursen lassen sich im deutschsprachigen Kontext aktuell drei Ansätze identifizieren, die der Frage nach gehenwiegewalthafte Ereignisse, Handlungen, Erfahrungen etc. künftig (oder weiterhin?) adäquat erklärt werden können. Unter den Schlagworten Situation, Prozess sowie Reflexivität und variierende Ordnung widmet sich dieser Beitrag einer kurzen bestandsaufnehmenden Sichtung jener (mehr oder weniger) konträr gelagerten Perspektiven.
Adsorptive removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solutions using spent mushroom waste
Authors: Alhujaily Ahmad , Yu Hongbo , Zhang Xiaoyu , Ma Fuying
Published: July 2020

The removal of hazardous dyes has become a major economic and health concern to treat wastewater. In this study, efficient, low-cost, and eco-friendly spent mushroom waste (SMW) showed great potential for removing the anionic dyes, namely Direct Red 5B (DR5B), Direct Black 22 (DB22), Direct Black 71 (DB71), and Reactive Black 5 (RB5). The mechanisms of adsorption could be controlled by both physical and chemical adsorption. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that SMW surface is porous and irregular. The kinetic study could be described well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, whereas the best representation of the equilibrium isotherm is the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities of SMW were found to be 18 mg g−1for DR5B, 15.46 mg g−1for DB22, 20.19 mg g−1for DB71, and 14.62 mg g−1for RB5. The analysis of thermodynamic study of ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°proved that the adsorption of the tested dyes onto SMW was endothermic and spontaneous. Based on these results, SMW can be considered as high potential adsorbent for the removal of dyes from wastewater.
Evaluation of self-purifying power of cyanobacteria Pseudanabaena galeata: case of dairy factory effluents
Authors: Ouhsassi Mustapha , Khay El Ouardy , Bouyahya Abdelhakim , El Ouahrani Abdeltif , Harsal Abdellatif El , Abrini Jamal
Published: July 2020

This study aims to evaluate the treatment of wastewater from dairy plants using the self-purifying power of filamentous cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena galeata. The performance and the reliability of using cyanobacteria as wastewater treatment technique were also assessed based on total bacterial flora, total nitrogen (NK), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC). The results obtained show promising treatment of wastewater if 25% and 50% dilutions were applied. Thus, respectively, for 25 and 50% dilutions, the reduction of the total bacterial flora was 67 and 45%, NK removal was close to 92 and 77%, the COD decreased by 77% and 65%, and the TOC decreased by 78 and 77%. The final concentration of cyanobacteria biomass increased from 15.72 to 585 mg/l and 475 mg/l, respectively, for 25 and 50% dilutions. These results suggest that cyanobacteria (Pseudanabaena galeata) may play an effective role in the biological treatment of wastewater.
Evaluation of an advanced slung load control system for piloted cargo operations
Authors: Nonnenmacher Daniel , Kim Hyun-Min
Published: July 2020

Helicopter operations with externally slung loads are highly demanding for the flight crew. As the pilot does not have a direct view of the load, assistance is required from an additional crew member to achieve operational requirements (e.g., for load handling to achieve precise load positioning). An automatic load stabilization and positioning system for cargo operations has been designed with the aim to reduce pilot workload, damp load pendulum motion and to improve the load positioning performance. This system uses the concept of load-motion feedback to the rotor control. To avoid degradation of Handling Qualities (HQs), as found in previous investigations, a function has been developed that monitors pilot control inputs. Dependent on the amplitude and duration of pilot control stick deflection, the feedback signal for slung load damping is blended between two different gain sets. One set provides improved HQs during piloted control and one set provides good load damping when the pilot is passive. A further novel aspect is the evaluation of an automatic load control system using a Translational Rate Command as a method of helicopter control. A piloted simulation study has been conducted using this advanced load control system with automatic load stabilization and positioning. Three test pilots evaluated the system in different control law configurations using a Mission Task Element simulating an external load cargo operation. HQs and pilot workload were evaluated using the Cooper-Harper Rating Scale and NASA Task Load Index, respectively. The results of the study show that improved HQs and reduced pilot workload in combination with improved task performance can be achieved with the advanced slung load control system.
Physical activity for people living with dementia: carer outcomes and side effects from the perspectives of professionals and family carers
Authors: Gonçalves Ana-Carolina , Demain Sara , Samuel Dinesh , Marques Alda
Published: July 2020

Background

Adherence to physical activity is challenging for people living with dementia, and largely dependent on carers’ involvement. Carers are likely to support physical activity based on their perceived balance between benefits and potential side effects of such intervention for both patients and themselves. Professionals also have a role in terms of optimising such interventions not only for people with dementia but also their carers.

Aims

The present study aimed to identify the priorities of carers and professionals regarding (1) outcomes of physical activity for people living with dementia on carers and (2) side effects on patients and carers.

Methods

This was a two-round prioritisation exercise. In round one, participants were asked to rank, from most to least important, 2 lists of outcomes generated in a previous systematic review and qualitative study: (i) 10 outcomes on carers; (ii) 17 side effects on patients and carers. In round two, participants were asked to consider their own ranking in round one against the overall group ranking and re-rank both lists.

Results

36 carers and 39 professionals completed both rounds. The carer outcomes ranked as highest priority were “carer feeling positive and satisfied”, “carer improving wellbeing” and “making lives of carers easier”. The most undesirable side effects were “becoming agitated and confused”, “falling over” and “feeling discomfort and pain”.

Discussion and conclusions

Carers and professionals value the potential reduction in carer burden that may occur as a consequence of the person with dementia engaging in physical activity. Behavioural and psychological symptoms, falls and pain are the most undesirable side effects of physical activity. Future research should aim to address, and consistently report on these outcomes.
Outcome of Peripheral Blood Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation as a Treatment Option in Patients With Severe Aplastic Anemia Between 40 and 50 Years
Authors: Fumani Hosein Kamranzadeh , Jalili Mahdi , Rad Soroush , Babakhani Davood , Maleki Nasrollah , Mousavi Seyed Asadollah , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir
Published: July 2020

The frontline treatment for patients younger than 40 years with severe aplastic anemia (AA) is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from a human leukocyte antigen-identical sibling donor. However, in patients with severe AA who are older than 40 years, allogeneic HSCT has been found to be associated with increased treatment- related mortality and toxicity, even when matched sibling donors are used. We report our institutional experience with allogeneic HSCT in patients with severe AA between 40 and 50 years. A total of 19 patients with severe AA were included in the study. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. The mean age of patients at the time of transplant was 43.79 years, and 57.9% were male. The mortality rate was 36.8%, attributed to infection (10.5%), relapse (15.8%), and renal failure (5.3%) in all cases. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurred in five patients (26.3%), and chronic GVHD occurred in two patients (10.5%). The 5-year OS was 62% and the 5-year DFS was 52%. We found that the patient’s age, platelet level prior to transplantation, and the number of CD3 cells infused for each transplant were independent prognostic factors for OS, and the age and sex of the patient, graft rejection, and platelet level prior to transplantation were significant prognostic factors associated with DFS. We recommend that immunosuppressive therapy be considered as a first-line treatment in patients with severe AA who are older than 40 years. Allogeneic HSCT can be considered a valid alternative option in patients whose suppression therapy fails.
A framework for studying design thinking through measuring designers’ minds, bodies and brains
Authors: Gero John S. , Milovanovic Julie
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a framework for studying design thinking. Three paradigmatic approaches are described to measure design cognitive processes: design cognition, design physiology and design neurocognition. Specific tools and methods serve each paradigmatic approach. Design cognition is explored through protocol analysis, black-box experiments, surveys and interviews. Design physiology is measured with eye tracking, electrodermal activity, heart rate and emotion tracking. Design neurocognition is measured using electroencephalography, functional near infrared spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Illustrative examples are presented to describe the types of results each method provides about the characteristics of design thinking, such as design patterns, design reasoning, design creativity, design collaboration, the co-evolution of the problem solution space, or design analysis and evaluation. The triangulation of results from the three paradigmatic approaches to studying design thinking provides a synergistic foundation for the understanding of design cognitive processes. Results from such studies generate a source of feedback to designers, design educators and researchers in design science. New models, new tools and new research questions emerge from the integrated approach proposed and lay down future challenges in studying design thinking.
Set-based design: a review and new directions
Authors: Toche Boris , Pellerin Robert , Fortin Clement
Published: July 2020

Set-based design (SBD), sometimes referred to as set-based concurrent engineering (SBCE), has emerged as an important component of lean product development (LPD) with all researchers describing it as a core enabler of LPD. Research has explored the principles underlying LPD and SBCE, but methodologies for the practical implementation need to be better understood. A review of SBD is performed in this article in order to discover and analyse the key aspects to consider when developing a model and methodology to transition to SBCE. The publications are classified according to a new framework, which allows us to map the topology of the relevant SBD literature from two perspectives: the research paradigms and the coverage of the generic creative design process (Formulation–Synthesis–Analysis–Evaluation–Documentation–Reformulation). It is found that SBD has a relatively low theoretical development, but there is a steady increase in the diversity of contributions. The literature abounds with methods, guidelines and tools to implement SBCE, but they rarely rely on a model that is in the continuum of a design process model, product model or knowledge-based model with the aim of federating the three Ps (People–Product–Process) towards SBCE and LPD in traditional industrial contexts.
The salivary protein BPIFA2 differentially regulates sodium preference and blood pressure in male and female mice
Authors: Gorr Sven-Ulrik
Published: July 2020

BPIFA2 (PSP, SPLUNC2, C20orf70) is a major salivary protein of uncertain physiological function. BPIFA2 is downregulated in salivary glands of spontaneously hypertensive rats, pointing to a role in blood pressure regulation. This study used a novel Bpifa2 knockout mouse model to test the role of BPIFA2 in sodium preference and blood pressure. Blood pressure did not differ between wild-type male and female mice but was significantly lower in male knockout mice compared to male wild-type mice. In contrast, blood pressure was increased in female knockout mice compared to female wild-type mice. Female wild-type mice showed a significant preference for 0.9% saline compared to male mice. This difference was reduced in the knockout mice. BPIFA2 is an LPS-binding protein but it remains to be determined if the reported effects are mediated by the LPS-binding activity of BPIFA2.
Investigation of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission from two patients to healthcare workers identifies close contact but not airborne transmission events
Authors: Bays Derek J. , Nguyen Minh-Vu H. , Cohen Stuart H. , Waldman Sarah , Martin Carla S. , Thompson George R. , Sandrock Christian , Tourtellotte Joel , Pugashetti Janelle Vu , Phan Chinh , Nguyen Hien H. , Warner Gregory Y. , Penn Bennett H.
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To describe the pattern of transmission of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during 2 nosocomial outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with regard to the possibility of airborne transmission.

Design:

Contact investigations with active case finding were used to assess the pattern of spread from 2 COVID-19 index patients.

Setting:

A community hospital and university medical center in the United States, in February and March, 2020, early in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Patients:

Two index patients and 421 exposed healthcare workers.

Methods:

Exposed healthcare workers (HCWs) were identified by analyzing the electronic medical record (EMR) and conducting active case finding in combination with structured interviews. Healthcare coworkers (HCWs) were tested for COVID-19 by obtaining oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal specimens, and RT-PCR testing was used to detect SARS-CoV-2.

Results:

Two separate index patients were admitted in February and March 2020, without initial suspicion for COVID-19 and without contact or droplet precautions in place; both patients underwent several aerosol-generating procedures in this context. In total, 421 HCWs were exposed in total, and the results of the case contact investigations identified 8 secondary infections in HCWs. In all 8 cases, the HCWs had close contact with the index patients without sufficient personal protective equipment. Importantly, despite multiple aerosol-generating procedures, there was no evidence of airborne transmission.

Conclusion:

These observations suggest that, at least in a healthcare setting, most SARS-CoV-2 transmission is likely to take place during close contact with infected patients through respiratory droplets, rather than by long-distance airborne transmission.
Influence of Informal Relationships on Expatriate Career Performance in China: The Moderating Role of Cultural Intelligence
Authors: Ren Shuang , Chadee Doren , Presbitero Alfred
Published: July 2020

Pursuing an international career in China can be risky particularly when there is a lack of informal relationships and knowledge of the socio-cultural environment of the country. Drawing from social capital theory of career success and intelligence theory, this study investigates the influence of expatriate manager-local subordinateguanxion expatriate managers’ career performance and the contingency role of cultural intelligence. Using multi-source data from a sample (N = 154) of expatriate managers in China, our results show that expatriate manager-local subordinateguanxipositively influences expatriate career performance, and that this relationship is positively moderated by expatriates’ cultural intelligence. The broader theoretical and practical implications of the findings for international careers are fully discussed.
THE TAUNTON STOP LINE AND ITS CAMOUFLAGE: THE WORK OF OLIVER MESSEL AND OTHERS IN WARTIME SOMERSET
Authors: Hunt David , Webster Chris J
Published: July 2020

The Taunton Stop Line was a defensive work built in the second half of 1940 to contain a possible German invasion of the south-west peninsula of Britain. The line ran across the ‘waist of the South West’ from the mouth of the river Parrett (in Somerset) to the mouth of the River Axe at Seaton (in Devon). This was a massive feat of construction involving both military and civilian personnel working under the threat of an imminent German invasion. Recently, some fifty contemporary sketches have come to light that were used to show the builders how to camouflage the individual pillboxes and emplacements. Discovering that many of these drawings were by well-known artists has led to an investigation of their role, an evaluation of their contribution to the camouflage, its effectiveness and limitations, and how this influenced subsequent army camouflage doctrine. They are believed to be the only such set of drawings to have survived.
PROOFS OF URYSOHN’S LEMMA AND THE TIETZE EXTENSION THEOREM VIA THE CANTOR FUNCTION
Authors: CÎRSTEA FLORICA C.
Published: July 2020

Urysohn’s lemma is a crucial property of normal spaces that deals with separation of closed sets by continuous functions. It is also a fundamental ingredient in proving the Tietze extension theorem, another property of normal spaces that deals with the existence of extensions of continuous functions. Using the Cantor function, we give alternative proofs for Urysohn’s lemma and the Tietze extension theorem.
THE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND THE RIGHT TO LIFE
Authors: Le Moli Ginevra
Published: July 2020

In its August 2019 decision inPortillo Cáceres v Paraguay, the Human Rights Committee recognised, for the first time, the existence of a connection between environmental protection and the right to life with dignity. This is not only a landmark decision for the Committee but also represents the consolidation of a body of case law and practice from the three regional human rights courts and other UN human rights bodies which has developed over the last quarter of a century. It also shows the potential of two important and widely debated paragraphs in the newly adopted General Comment No. 36 on the Right to Life, which describe environmental degradation as both an enabler of threats and a direct threat to the right to life. Such potential has been confirmed in another landmark decision of the HRC—Teitiota v New Zealand, relating to climate change as threat to life. This article draws onPortillo Cáceres v ParaguayandTeitiota v New Zealandto analyse this wider field of practice in order to clarify the connection between the right to life and environmental protection, as recognised by the Committee, and considers its potential impact on future litigation.
Lessons in Graphic Nonfiction: John Lewis, Andrew Aydin, and Nate Powell'sMarchTrilogy and Civil Rights Pedagogy
Authors: STEIN DANIEL
Published: July 2020

Playing into the master narrative of the US civil rights movement, John Lewis, Andrew Aydin, and Nate Powell'sMarchtrilogy negotiates not only the movement's tactics and achievements, but also its initial mediation through photography and television and its ongoing remediation. Taking the memoir's urge to teach as a starting point, this article assesses its didactic impulses and implications, combining a historiographic approach with an assessment of the narrative's visual construction. The article highlights the trilogy's potentials and shortcomings as an intervention into civil rights memory and outlines a metacritical pedagogy through whichMarchcan become potent classroom material.
Mobility-based disadvantage in older age: insecure housing and the risks of moving house
Authors: Power Emma R.
Published: July 2020

This paper develops knowledge of the logistics of moving house amongst older people living in insecure housing. These people typically do not move once and settle into a new house, but face ongoing moves driven by factors including housing affordability, tenure conditions and eviction. The paper identifies four domains of experience faced by people undergoing cumulative, involuntary residential moves: the material (process of relocating oneself and possessions), economic (costs of moving house), embodied (physical experience) and affective (how relocation is experienced and felt). The logistics of relocation are examined through the experiences of single older women living in insecure housing in the greater Sydney region of Australia. The accounts of these women foreground the costs and challenges of insecure housing that are a consequence of relocation. Conceptually this work contributes to understandings of mobility-based disadvantage in older age through drawing out the ways that the logistics of moving house – of relocating oneself and possessions – contribute in distinct ways to mobility-based disadvantage through risks to identity and senses of home. Empirically it addresses gaps in gerontological and housing scholarship through developing knowledge of the logistics and experiences of ongoing, involuntary residential moves.
Understanding bricolage in norm development: South Africa, the International Criminal Court, and the contested politics of transitional justice
Authors: Beresford Alexander , Wand Daniel
Published: July 2020

Within international relations the normative agency of African actors is often downplayed or derided. This article develops the concept of bricolage to offer a novel understanding of norm development and contestation in international relations, including the role African actors play in this. We contend that a norm's core hypothesis can be thought of as the nucleus of a norm. In the case of complex international norms, if this core hypothesis is sufficiently vague and malleable, the norm will continue to attract a range of actors who may claim to share a commitment to enacting the core hypothesis even if they simultaneously promote a variety of potentially conflicting and contradictory meanings-in-use of the norm when doing so. Each meaning-in-use, we argue, might be thought of as a product of bricolage: a process of combining and adapting both new and second-hand materials, knowledges, values, and practices by an actor to address a problem in hand. Through a detailed study of the contestation of transitional justice between South Africa and the International Criminal Court, we elucidate how bricolage can help to illuminate the normative agency of African actors in shaping transitional justice. Processes of bricolage add complexity and potentially confusion to a norm's development, but bricolage also offers the potential for a creative and dynamic means by which a range of actors can inject pluralism, dexterity, and vitality into debates about a norm's meaning and operationalisation.
Linear Quadratic Regulator Method in Vision-Based Laser Beam Tracking for a Mobile Target Robot
Authors: Ling Yun , Wu Jian , Zhou Weiping , Wang Yubiao , Wu Changcheng
Published: July 2020

This paper proposes a novel laser beam tracking mechanism for a mobile target robot that is used in shooting ranges. Compared with other traditional tracking mechanisms and modules, the proposed laser beam tracking mechanism is more flexible and low cost in use. The mechanical design and the working principle of the tracking module are illustrated, and the complete control system of the mobile target robot is introduced in detail. The tracking control includes two main steps: localizing the mobile target robot with regards to the position of the laser beam and tracking the laser beam by the linear quadratic regulator (LQR). First of all, the state function of the control system is built for this tracking system; second, the control law is deduced according to the discretized state function; lastly, the stability of the control method is proved by the Lyapunov theory. The experimental results demonstrate that the Hue, Saturation, Value feature-extracting method is robust and is qualified to be used for localization in the laser beam tracking control. It is verified through experiments that the LQR method is of better performance than the conventional Proportional Derivative control in the aspect of converge time, lateral error control, and distance error control.
Implicative algebras: a new foundation for realizability and forcing
Authors: Miquel Alexandre
Published: July 2020

We introduce the notion of implicative algebra, a simple algebraic structure intended to factorize the model-theoretic constructions underlying forcing and realizability (both in intuitionistic and classical logic). The salient feature of this structure is that its elements can be seen both as truth values and as (generalized) realizers, thus blurring the frontier between proofs and types. We show that each implicative algebra induces a (Set-based) tripos, using a construction that is reminiscent from the construction of a realizability tripos from a partial combinatory algebra. Relating this construction with the corresponding constructions in forcing and realizability, we conclude that the class of implicative triposes encompasses all forcing triposes (both intuitionistic and classical), all classical realizability triposes (in the sense of Krivine), and all intuitionistic realizability triposes built from partial combinatory algebras.
Convenient antiderivatives for differential linear categories
Authors: Pacaud Lemay Jean-Simon
Published: July 2020

Differential categories axiomatize the basics of differentiation and provide categorical models of differential linear logic. A differential category is said to have antiderivatives if a natural transformation , which all differential categories have, is a natural isomorphism. Differential categories with antiderivatives come equipped with a canonical integration operator such that generalizations of the Fundamental Theorems of Calculus hold. In this paper, we show that Blute, Ehrhard, and Tasson's differential category of convenient vector spaces has antiderivatives. To help prove this result, we show that a differential linear category – which is a differential category with a monoidal coalgebra modality – has antiderivatives if and only if one can integrate over the monoidal unit and such that the Fundamental Theorems of Calculus hold. We also show that generalizations of the relational model (which are biproduct completions of complete semirings) are also differential linear categories with antiderivatives.
Outcomes of a Provincial Myocardial Infarction Reperfusion Strategy: A Population-Based, Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cook Jolene , Carter Alix , Goldstein Judah , Travers Andrew , Brown Ryan , Swain Janel , Jensen Jan , Matheson Kara , Cain Ed , Lee Tony
Published: July 2020

Background:

Fibrinolysis is an acceptable treatment for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) when primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) cannot be performed within 120 minutes. The American Heart Association has recommended Emergency Medical Services (EMS) interventions such as prehospital fibrinolysis (PHF), prehospital electrocardiogram (ECG), and hospital bypass direct to PCI center. Nova Scotia, Canada has incorporated these interventions into a unique province-wide approach to STEMI care. A retrospective cohort analysis comparing the primary outcome of 30-day mortality for patients receiving either prehospital or emergency department (ED) fibrinolysis (EDF) to patients transported directly by EMS from community or regional ED for primary PCI was conducted.

Methods:

This retrospective, population-based cohort study included all STEMI patients in Nova Scotia who survived to hospital admission from July 2011 through July 2013. Three provincial databases were used to collect demographic, 30-day mortality, hospital readmission, and rescue PCI data. The results were grouped and compared according to reperfusion strategy received: PHF, EDF, patients brought by ambulance via EMS direct to PCI (EMS to PCI), and ED to PCI (ED to PCI).

Results:

There were 1,071 STEMI patients included with 145 PHF, 606 EDF, 98 EMS to PCI, and 222 ED to PCI. There were no significant differences in 30-day mortality across groups (n, %): PHF 5(3); EDF 36(6); EHS to PCI <5(2); and ED to PCI 10(4); P = .28. There was no significant difference in patients receiving fibrinolysis who underwent rescue PCI.

Conclusions:

Prehospital fibrinolysis incorporated into a province-wide approach to STEMI treatment is feasible with no observed difference in patient 30-day mortality outcomes observed.
Validity assessment of a portable anthropometer to measure length in 24-month children from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort
Authors: Flores Thaynã R , Bertoldi Andréa D , Ricardo Luiza IC , Blumenberg Cauane , Moreira Laísa R , Dias Mariane , Martins Rafaela C , Silveira Mariângela Fd , Mielke Grégore I , Santos Iná S
Published: July 2020

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the validity of a portable anthropometer against the gold standard among 2-year-old infants from the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort.

Design:

Birth cohort study.

Setting:

A fixed Harpenden® infant anthropometer was considered as the gold standard for measuring infant length due to its greater precision and stability. The portable SANNY® (model ES2000) anthropometer was the instrument to be validated. The acceptable mean difference in length between the anthropometers was 0·5 cm. In order to compare length estimates, the interviewers carried out two length measures for each of the anthropometers (fixed and portable) and for each child. The mean of the two lengths was calculated for each anthropometer, and their difference was calculated.

Participants:

A subsample of 252 24-month-old members of the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study.

Results:

Children’s mean age was 23·5 months. According to Bland–Altman plot, there were no differences in overall lengths between the portable and the fixed anthropometers, or in lengths according to sex. There was a high overall concordance between the length estimates of the fixed and portable anthropometers (ρ = 0·94; 95 % CI 0·92, 0·95).

Conclusions:

The portable anthropometer proved to be accurate to measure the length of 24-month-old infants, being applicable to studies using the same standardised protocol used in the present study.
Aflatoxin exposure was not associated with childhood stunting: results from a birth cohort study in a resource-poor setting of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Mahfuz Mustafa , Hasan S M Tafsir , Alam Mohammed Ashraful , Das Subhasish , Fahim Shah Mohammad , Islam M Munirul , Gazi Md Amran , Hossain Muttaquina , Egner Patricia A , Groopman John D , Ahmed Tahmeed
Published: July 2020

Objective:

Chronic aflatoxin exposure has been associated with childhood stunting (length-for-age/height-for-age < –2sd), while data lacks for Bangladesh, a country with substantial burden of childhood stunting. This paper examined the association between aflatoxin exposure and childhood stunting in a slum setting of Dhaka city.

Design:

In this MAL-ED aflatoxin birth cohort study, plasma samples were assayed for aflatoxin B1-lysine adduct (AFB1-lys) by MS at 7, 15, 24 and 36 months of age for 208, 196, 173 and 167 children to assess chronic aflatoxin exposure. Relationship between aflatoxin exposure and anthropometric measures was examined by mixed-effects logistic regression models.

Setting and participants:

The study was conducted in Mirpur, Dhaka, where children were followed from birth to 36 months.

Results:

Prevalence of stunting increased from 21 % at 7 months to 49 % at 36 months of age. Mean AFB1-lys concentrations at 7, 15, 24 and 36 months were 1·30 (range 0·09–5·79), 1·52 (range 0·06–6·35), 3·43 (range 0·15–65·60) and 3·70 (range 0·09–126·54) pg/mg albumin, respectively, and the percentage of children with detectable AFB1-lys was 10, 21, 18 and 62 %, respectively. No association was observed between aflatoxin exposure and stunting in multivariable analyses. Factors associated with childhood stunting were age, low birth weight, maternal height, stool myeloperoxidase and number of people sleeping in one room.

Conclusions:

A relatively lower exposure to aflatoxin may not influence the linear growth of children. This finding indicates a threshold level of exposure for linear growth deficit and further investigation in other areas where higher concentrations of aflatoxin exposure exist.
Strengthening public health nutrition: findings from a situational assessment to inform system-wide capacity building in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Prowse Rachel JL , Richmond Sarah A , Carsley Sarah , Manson Heather , Moloughney Brent
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To assess public health nutrition practice within the public health system in Ontario, Canada to identify provincial-wide needs for scientific and technical support.

Design:

A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to identify activities, strengths, challenges and opportunities in public health nutrition practice using semi-structured key informant interviews (n 21) and focus groups (n 10). Recorded notes were analysed concurrently with data generation using content analysis. System needs were prioritised through a survey.

Setting:

Public health units.

Participants:

Eighty-nine practitioners, managers, directors, medical officers of health, researchers and other stakeholders were purposively recruited through snowball and extreme case sampling.

Results:

Five themes were generated: (i) current public health nutrition practice was broad, complex, in transition and collaborative; (ii) data/evidence/research relevant to public health needs were insufficiently available and accessible; (iii) the amount and specificity of guidance/leadership was perceived to be mismatched with strong evidence that diet is a risk factor for poor health; (iv) resources/capacity were varied but insufficient and (v) understanding of nutrition expertise in public health among colleagues, leadership and other organisations can be improved. Top ranked needs were increased understanding, visibility and prioritisation of healthy eating and food environments; improved access to data and evidence; improved collaboration and coordination; and increased alignment of activities and goals.

Conclusions:

Collective capacity in the public health nutrition can be improved through strategic system-wide capacity-building interventions. Research is needed to explore how improvements in data, evidence and local contexts can bridge research and practice to effectively and efficiently improve population diets and health.
Broken Boundaries: Border and Identity Formation in Post-Colonial Punjab
Authors: JAIN Vanshaj Ravi
Published: July 2020

The study ofuti possidetisin international law has proceeded without any detailed examination of its application to South Asian borders. Yet, the consequences ofuti possidetisin the Indian subcontinent offer critical insight into the legal and functional critique levied against the doctrine. The South Asian experience provides evidence thatuti possidetiscannot be considered a norm of regional customary international law, confined to Latin America and Africa. Simultaneously, it provides compelling proof of this doctrine's ruinous impact on self-determination, pointing to its potential for identity-alteration and intrastate violence: consequences that have received scarce attention in legal scholarship. By undertaking a detailed study of the Radcliffe Line in Punjab, this paper makes a prudent attempt to commence filling this gap in the literature by re-centring South Asia in the debate onuti possidetis.
The Costs of Working Too Hard
Authors: Alessandri Guido , De Longis Evelina , Perinelli Enrico , Balducci Cristian , Borgogni Laura
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Despite the relatively intuitive link between working hard and achievements at work, results from empirical studies tend to characterize workaholics more often as hard workers rather than smart workers. Indeed, the link between workaholism and job performance is not obvious. In this paper, we investigated the link between workaholism and a core component of contextual performance, namely, prosocial organizational citizenship behavior (P-OCB). More in detail, we posited a mediational model in which workaholic tendencies negatively predicted P-OCB indirectly through an increased perception of job demands. This model was tested using longitudinal data from a sample of 85 police officers assessed once every two weeks for three months. Results from multilevel structural equation analyses demonstrated the model's good fit and corroborated the mediated effect. All in all, our results point to an organizational cost of workaholism, represented by its aversive impact on P-OCB.
Are All Challenges Equal?
Authors: Sijbom Roy B. L. , Carette Bernd , Dimitrova Nicoletta G.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. This study seeks to advance theory on the motivational underpinnings of striving for challenge. We propose and empirically demonstrate that challenging job experiences can be meaningfully subdivided into private challenging job experiences (private challenges) and public challenging job experiences (public challenges). Drawing on achievement goal theory, in a two-wave field study among 226 employees (Study 1) and a multi-source field study among 326 employees (Study 2), we found initial evidence regarding differential effects of employees' mastery-approach goals and performance-approach goals in relation to private challenges and public challenges. Furthermore, Study 2 showed a negative relationship between performance-approach goals and supervisor-rated in-role job performance when public challenges were low. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
When Natural Disasters Cross the Path of COVID-19
Authors: Padma T.
Published: July 2020

Natural hazards are intersecting with the coronavirus pandemic in India, and researchers will need to model both to inform the public health response.
On the 2015 St. Patrick's Storm Turbulent State of the Ionosphere: Hints From the Swarm Mission
Authors: De Michelis P. , Pignalberi A. , Consolini G. , Coco I. , Tozzi R. , Pezzopane M. , Giannattasio F. , Balasis G.
Published: July 2020

The scaling features of electron density fluctuations during the St. Patrick's magnetic storm (17 March 2015) are analyzed to try to characterize the possible turbulent nature of the ionosphere during the development of the geomagnetic storm. The electron density values recorded by two of the three satellites of Swarm constellation during a period of 7 days (16–22 March 2015) around the storm peak are analyzed at middle‐ and high‐latitude regions in both hemispheres. The analysis reveals interesting patterns in the scaling properties of electron density fluctuations and a possible explanation for the occurrence of high values of the Rate of change Of the electron Density Index (RODI). Indeed, the obtained results seem to suggest that very high values of RODI, which describes the structuring of the plasma within a fixed time and is used as an ionospheric disturbance index, are correlated with the antipersistent character of electron density fluctuations and with the values around 5/3 of the power spectral density scaling exponent. These features are independent of the different phases of the analyzed geomagnetic storm and seem to support the idea of a fluid and/or magnetohydrodynamic turbulence as the main responsible of the high values of RODI recorded at high latitudes in the auroral and polar cap regions.
Foreshock Cavities at Venus and Mars
Authors: Collinson Glyn , Sibeck David , Omidi Nick , Frahm Rudy , Zhang Tielong , Mitchell David , Halekas Jasper , Espley Jared , Futaana Yoshifumi , Jakosky Bruce
Published: July 2020

“Foreshock cavities” are regions of turbulent and heated solar wind plasma that form upstream of Earth's bow shock. Despite being common at Earth, none have yet been reported at other planets. Here we present a survey of events encountered by the ESA Venus Express spacecraft consistent with foreshock cavities at Venus and a case study of a foreshock cavity encountered at Mars by NASA's MAVEN orbiter. Cavities appear to be common at Venus, and their properties appear to be very similar to those at Earth. Foreshock cavities appear to be observed preferentially in fast solar wind and when the interplanetary magnetic field is “radial” (parallel to the Sun‐planet line). Our collected observations are consistent with the hypothesis that “foreshock cavities” are simply the result of a transient encounter with a planetary foreshock. We posit foreshock cavities represent one of the following two possibilities: (1) a spacecraft encountering a traveling foreshock formed by a finite bundle of interplanetary magnetic field lines connecting to a shock or (2) the transient temporary motion of the foreshock over the spacecraft.