bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESAIN SPWM SINGLE PHASE FULL BRIDGE INVERTER PADA SISTEM UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY 500W
Authors: Ferdiansyah Indra , Sudiharto Indhana , Sunarno Epyk , Muhammad Mahbub Gusti
Published: April 2022

Indonesia has sufficient power resources provided by PLN. However, blackouts still occur frequently due to several reasons, such as disruption in transmission and distribution, especially when the weather is raining. This has an impact on customer inconvenience. To overcome this, several houses have used a backup power source in the form of a generator set that will be operated by a blackout. This solution turns out to cause noise that can interfere with user comfort. To increase user convenience, a system (Uninterruptible Power Supply) is proposed. The system there is a voltage sensor to detect a power outage. In addition, there is an SSR switch so that it can to switch main source to the UPS with a fast response time during a blackout. The inverter on UPS system uses the SPWM technique to produce a sine wave output, then the use of an LC filter to reduce ripple on the system. PID-based voltage control is used to maintain the output inverter by the setting value of magnitude amplitude. Based on the results of the test, the UPS can work during a blackout with a maximum power of 500W and the voltage constant at 215V.

 

Keywords — Blackout, PI Controller , SPWM, UPS.
Klasifikasi Citra Bunga dengan Menggunakan Deep Learning: CNN (Convolution Neural Network)
Authors: Intyanto Gramandha Wega
Published: April 2022

Keanekaragaman hayati Indonesia memiliki presentasi tertinggi di Asia Tenggara, salah satunya yaitu jenis bunga yang tercatat hingga 19.232. Keanekaragaman jenis bunga ini memberikan potensi bagi masyarakat dari nilai budaya, ekonomi, dan ekologi. Pada kehidupan sehari-hari mengenal jenis bunga membutuhkan waktu yang tidak singkat, dimana mulai dari mengetahui karakteristik kemudian mengidentifikasi nama bunga. Proses belajar ini dilakukan dengan bertanya pada pakar, mencari di buku bahkan di Internet. Salah satu cara identifikasi jenis bunga dengan cepat yaitu dilakukan dengan klasifikasi data gambar atau citra. Hal tersebut yang memberikan ide penelitian ini, dimana melakukan komputasi citra dalam pengimplementasian deep learning untuk klasifikasi citra jenis bunga (daisy, dandelion, rose, sunflower, dan tulip). Metode deep learning yang digunakan yaitu CNN (Convolution Neural Network), dimana arsitektur I dirancang penulis dan arsitektur II yaitu menggunakan VGG16. Hasil nilai akurasi pada arsitektur I yaitu bernilai 0.62 dan arsitektur II (VGG16) yaitu bernilai 0.8. Disimpulkan bahwa hasil proses klasifikasi dengan VGG16 memiliki tingkat akurasi cukup baik dibandingkan dengan arsitektur I.
Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pre-referral magnesium sulfate treatment in severe preeclampsia patients
Authors: Sari Rizki Amalia , Sulistiawati Sulistiawati , Ernawati Ernawati
Published: April 2022

HIGHLIGHTS
1. Consumption of magnesium sulfate is recommended for prevention against eclampsia. 2. Magnesium sulfate administration to preeclamptic mothers is effective in reducing the risk of eclampsia.3. Pre-referral magnesium sulfate administration and maternal and perinatal outcomes in severe preeclampsia patients was analyzed.4. Magnesium sulfate did reduce eclampsia risk, but not ICU and NICU care rates, maternal mortality, perinatal asphyxia, and perinatal mortality.
 
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study analyzed the association between pre- referral magnesium sulfate administration and maternal and perinatal outcomes in severe preeclampsia patients.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational analytic study using cross-sectional design. Samples were 132 pregnant women with preeclampsia referred to dr. Saiful Anwar, Hospital Malang, Indonesia in 2019. Data were taken from the patients’ medical records. Maternal outcomes measured in this study were the incidence of eclampsia, ICU care, and maternal mortality, while the perinatal outcomes included the incidence of asphyxia, NICU care, and perinatal mortality.
Results: Patients’ history of magnesium sulphate administration significantly associated with the incidence of eclampsia with p-value 0.035 and odds ratio (OR) 2.413, thus consumption of magnesium sulphate could reduce the risk of seizures. However, it did not associate with either maternal ICU care outcomes (p-value 0.087, OR 2.028), or maternal mortality (p-value 0.573). No relationship was found neither between history of magnesium sulphate administration in pregnant women with severe preeclampsia and perinatal outcomes nor with the incidence of asphyxia (p-value 0. 577, OR 0.795), with NICU treatment (p-value 0.205, OR 0.579), and with perinatal mortality (p-value 0.153, OR 3.259).
Conclusion: Magnesium sulfate reduced the risk of eclampsia, yet it did not affect either the rate of ICU care, maternal mortality, incidence rate of perinatal asphyxia, the rate of NICU care, or perinatal mortality.
The Impact Of The COVID-19 Lockdown On The Severity Of Pediatric Traumas
Authors: GÜN Eren Görkem , NARSAT Mehmet Ali , YILDIZ Eren
Published: April 2022

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the results of COVID-19 lockdown in terms of child traumas and to reveal the change in the characteristics and severity of traumas by comparing the lockdown period with the same period one year ago.

Material and Method: The records of pediatric trauma patients at department of Kastamonu Training and Research Hospital were assessed retrospectively. The data of all pediatric traumas between the specified dates were reached and the sample of the study was determined as 1970 patients. Descriptive characteristics of patients and trauma events were determined. Patient data were re-assessed, and Pediatric Trauma Scores, and Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale values, and Injury Severity Scores were calculated.

Results: Of the patients, 1637 (83.1%) had admitted before the lockdown and 333 admitted during the lockdown period. It was found that the school-age children constituted the group with the most prevalent trauma patients in both periods with a rate of 76.2% before the lockdown and 49.8% in the lockdown period. It was found that the measure of lockdown reduced the rate of outdoor trauma cases from 63.2% to 43.2% (p < 0.001). Whereas a statistically significant decrease was determined in the mean scores of the Pediatric Trauma Score and the Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale, no difference was determined in the Injury Severity Score.

Conclusion: It is seen that the COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictions, which change our normal life in every aspect, also have effects on pediatric traumas. It is noticed from our study that thanks to the lockdown, not only the number of traumas but also the severe traumas and mortality decreased.
Ulusal ve uluslararası katılımlı halk sağlığı kongrelerinde sunulan bildirilerin yayına dönüşme oranları
Authors: KÖKSOY VAYISOĞLU Sümbüle
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı 2017 yılındaki 19. Ulusal ve 2018 yılındaki 2. Uluslararası 20. Ulusal Halk Sağlığı Kongresinde sunulan bildirilerin yayına dönüşme oranlarının belirlenmesidir. Tanımlayıcı türdeki bu araştırmanın verileri; bildiri türü (sözel, poster), araştırma türü, yazar sayısı, araştırma ekibi, yayın olma durumu, yayınlandığı indeks ve yayın için geçen sürenin yer aldığı veri toplama formu ile Halk Sağlığı Uzmanları Derneği’nin resmi internet sayfasında bulunan elektronik bildiri kitapçıklarından ve PubMed, Google Scholar, Türk Medline ve Ulakbim veri tabanı arama motorlarından 01-30 Eylül 2020 tarihleri arasında toplandı. Araştırmanın verileri tanımlayıcı istatistiklerle, ki kare ve T testi ile değerlendirildi. p<0.05 anlamlı kabul edildi. Her iki kongreden toplam 818 bildiri değerlendirilmiş olup (sözel %41; poster %59) uluslararası kongredeki sözlü bildiri sayısı (n:274, %61.9) ulusal kongredekinden (n:61, %16.3) anlamlı şekilde fazlaydı (p<0,001). Tüm bildirilerin %97.7’si orijinal araştırma, %2.3’i derleme ve metaanaliz, %46.7’si iki-üç yazarlı ve %75.1’i hekimler, %10.4’ü hemşire/ebeler tarafından sunulmuştu. Toplam 818 bildirinin %11.2’si yayın olurken bu oran, uluslararası kongre de %9.5, ulusal kongrede ise %13.3 idi ve aralarında fark yoktu (p:0.082). Yayına dönüşen bildirilerin %64.1’i ulusal indeksli bir dergide, %12’si ise SCI/SCI-E/SSCI tarafından taranan dergilerde yayınlanmıştı. Ulusal ve uluslararası kongrede yayın olan bildirilerin sunu türü ve yayın olma süresi farklıydı (p<0.001). Sonuç olarak bildirilerin yayına dönüşme oranları düşük olup, bildirilerin yayınlanmasını teşvik edici mekanizmaların/politikaların geliştirilmesi önerilir
Pedagogical conditions for the development of performing skills by clarnetists in distance learning conditions
Authors: Hao Zhang
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the pedagogical problem of creating conditions for the performing skills development among clarinet students in the context of distance learning. The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that in the format of distance learning to play the clarinet, pedagogical conditions are needed that differ from traditional methods. The clarification of these issues with the help of empirical research will bring research in this area to a new methodological level. The research materials are evaluation sheets of pedagogical observation in two groups of 1st year students of the music university in distance learning. The general sample of students was 750 people. The representative sample was 75 people selected by mechanical sampling. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach and includes the methods of the general scientific group (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction); as well as special methods: content analysis of scientific literature, the method of included pedagogical observation, the method of statistical analysis. All obtained qualitative results were converted into a quantitative format and processed using the special program. As a result, the author came to the following conclusions: for the successful formation of performing skills in playing the clarinet, it is necessary to create an interactive environment, use digital technologies and clearly set educational tasks, the solution of which contributes the development of performing skills by students.
Determination of Natural Radioactivity Level on Soil and Radiological Hazards in The Geotermal Area of Solok South, West Sumatera
Authors: Sabila Nurul Khaira , Syifa Dinda Nurul , Alhafiz Mohammad Randy
Published: April 2022

Solok Selatan is one of the areas in West Sumatra that has geothermal potential, contains much higher levels of radioactive substances in the soil in the form of Radium (Ra-226), Thorium (Th-232), and Potassium (K-40).  This study aimed to measure the concentration of Ra-226. Th-232, and K-40 contained in the soil in the Solok Selatan which was then reviewed based on PERKA BAPETEN No. 9 of 2009 and UNSCEAR 2000, also evaluates the average radium equivalent activity (Raeq), representative level index (Iyr), external hazard index (Hex). Soil samples were collected from seven different locations. The radionuclide activity concentration was measured by using a gamma spectrometer in the PTKMR BATAN laboratory, with the results of the average radionuclide measurement Ra-226 being 28.58  Bq/kg, Th-232 was 44.74  Bq/kg and K-40 at 323.29  Bq/kg. For the average value of Raeq is 118,051 Bq/kg, Iyr is 0.853 and Hex is 0.335. Based on BAPETEN PERKA No. 9 of 2009 and UNSCEAR 2000, the radionuclide activity concentration was found still within safe limits. It does not pose a health hazard to the people living in the area.
Correction of Air Buoyancy on E0-74 Mass Measurement with Pt-Ir K-112 Standard
Authors: Ismail Zuhdi , Kresiani Renanta Hayu
Published: April 2022

Determination of the mass value of E0 no 74 by calibrating it using the Pt-Ir standard has high complexity. This is caused by a significant difference in the density of standards. In this study, the E0 no 74 made of stainless steel has a density of 8.051.130 kg.m−3 calibrated by a mass standard of Pt-Ir which has a density of 21.552.940 kg.m−3. By Archimedes' law, the buoyant force generated by the air due to this density difference is huge. Therefore, the correction of air buoyancy is very important. The air buoyancy correction value is obtained by determining the air density using the CIPM-2007 formula. The correction that arises due to air buoyancy while weighing in the air is -0.00115 g and is greater at higher density. The implication of buoyancy correction is identified by analyzing the equivalence of the measurement result using a reference value from the calibration certificate issued by BIPM. The measurement result is equivalent if -1<En<1. The  value for the corrected mass is -0.078.
Comparison of Absorbed Dose in Plasticine Bolus and Silicone Rubber Bolus
Authors: Leony Leony Chantika , Hanif Viesca Fredilla , Defira Eli , Oktamuliani Sri Oktamuliani , Muttaqin Afdhal , Ilyas Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Bolus is a radiotherapy device used to increase the surface dose in the skin surface area when using electron or photon beams. The most commonly used bolus is a bolus made from plasticine, in addition to a plasticine bolus there is also a bolus made from silicone rubber which is currently being developed. This study aims to determine which bolus is more effectively used in radiotherapy, by comparing the absorbed dose, the value of Relative Electron Density (RED), and the transmission factor of each bolus. In this study, silicone rubber and plasticine boluses were made with dimensions of 12 cm x 12 cm, the variation of energy used in LINAC was 9 MeV and 12 MeV and the thickness variation of each bolus was 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm, 1, 5 cm and 2.0 cm. The RED value obtained from the plasticine bolus for a thickness of 0.5 cm is 0.837 g/cm3, a thickness of 1.0 cm is 1.011 g/cm3, a thickness of 1.5 cm is 1.06 g/cm3, and a thickness of 2.0 cm of 1.072 g/cm3, while for silicone rubber bolus for a thickness of 0.5 cm is 1.146 g/cm3, a thickness of 1.0 cm is 1.151 g/cm3, a thickness of 1.5 cm is 1.17 g/cm3, and a thickness of 1.5 cm is 1.17 g/cm3 2.0 cm is 1.193 g/cm3. From the results of the study for the RED value of each bolus, it can be concluded that the silicone rubber bolus has a RED value that is more consistent with the water density value compared to the plasticine bolus. Silicone rubber and plasticine boluses can also be said to be absorbent materials because the transmission factor value of both boluses is below 100%. From the results of the study, silicone rubber boluses were more able to reduce the range of absorbed doses compared to plasticine boluses.
Soil Vulnerability Levels based on Microtremor Data using the HVSR method in the Old City Area of Semarang
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi , Muttaqin Wahyu Humam , Khumaedi Khumaedi , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto
Published: April 2022

Kota Lama Semarang with the Dutch colonial era relics is currently used as a cultural heritage tourist spot. As a cultural heritage tourism place, it is necessarily aware of the potential for earthquake disasters due to active faults and volcanic eruptions, as well as the phenomenon of land subsidence caused by geological conditions of young alluvium. One of the geophysical techniques to determine subsurface structure is microtremor measurement. This study aims to determine vulnerability level based on dominant frequency, amplification, and seismic vulnerability index using HVSR analysis in Kota Lama area. Microtremor data measurement contained 11 points with a data retrieval duration of 30 minutes. The results of microtremor data analysis obtained dominant frequency values of 7.03 - 19.36 Hz, amplification of 0.72 – 3.7, and seismic vulnerability index of 0.074 – 0.95. Based on the parameters, it can be concluded that the Kota Lama Semarang area has a low level of vulnerability.
Perovskite Manganit Analysis Based on La0.7Ca0.3Mn1-xTixO3 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) as Potential Microwave Absorber Material with Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Rizky Fira , Saptari Sitti Ahmiatri , Tjahjono Arif , Khaerudini Deni Shidqi
Published: April 2022

Electromagnetic wave is an energy flow in the form of electric and magnetic field as the technology development causes electromagnetic wave exposure level changes significantly and resulting an electromagnetic wave radiation that leads bad impacts on human health. In this case, manganite perovskite became an interesting topic of study that aims to produce material engineering to obtain a material with the best property as absorber. This study is based on lanthanum manganite La0.7Ca0.3Mn1-xTixO3 (  and ) using sol-gel method with the with a heating temperature in the oven of 200oC for 2 hours, calcination temperature of 600oC for 6 hours, and sintering temperature of 1000oC for 12 hours. The sample is characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) that shows the sample had succeeded to form single phase and had crystal cubic structure with space group p m -3 m, the substitution of Ti3+ions did not cause the structural changes, but it was marked with the changes of lattice parameter, unit cell volume and average crystallite size. Meanwhile Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) on the frequency range 8-12 GHz shows that the sample has ability to absorb microwave until 90.16% on 10.4 GHz frequency. Therefore, the material based on lanthanum manganite La0.7Ca0.3Mn1-xTixO3has the potential as the microwave absorber material.
Analisis Penurunan Segera pada Pondasi Telapak Berdasarkan Nilai Daya Dukung Terzaghi, Mayerhof, Brinch Hansen, dan Vesic
Authors: Kalogo Egidius , Bela Krisantos Ria , Sianto Paulus
Published: April 2022

Pondasi telapak merupakan pondasi yang berdiri sendiri dalam mendukung sebuah kolom serta meneruskan beban yang bekerja menuju ke tanah dasar. Apabila dalam mendesain suatu pondasi tidak mencapai tanah keras, maka akan terjadi penurunan. Untuk mengetahui penurunan yang terjadi pada pondasi telapak, maka harus dilakukan perhitungan daya dukung tanah terlebih dahulu. Adapun teori daya dukung tanah yang sering digunakan yaitu teori Terzaghi, Meyerhof, Brinch Hansen, dan Vesic. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai daya dukung kemudian dilakukan perhitungan penurunan segera yang terjadi pada pondasi telapak. Penelitian ini akan diselesaikan dengan cara melakukan pengujian sampel tanah di laboratorium. Adapun sampel tanah yang akan digunakan yaitu pada ruas Jalan Amabi Oebufu Kecamatan Oebobo Kota Kupang. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan nilai daya dukung dan penurunan segera untuk pondasi telapak berukuran 2m × 2m pada titik A dengan jenis tanah adalah lempung kepasiran, Terzaghi memperoleh nilai daya dukung terkecil yaitu 129,77 kg/cm2 dengan penurunan segera yang terjadi adalah 0,6540 m. Untuk titik B, dengan jenis tanah adalah Limestone/tanah putih, nilai daya dukung terendah juga dimiliki oleh Terzaghi yaitu 758,95 kg/cm2 dengan penurunan segera yang terjadi adalah 1,4953 m. Untuk titik C dengan jenis tanah adalah lempung kepasiran, nilai daya dukung terendah dimiliki oleh Meyerhof yaitu 444,75 kg/cm2 dengan penurunan segera yang terjadi adalah 2,2412 m. Dan untuk titik D dengan jenis tanah adalah lempung kepasiran, nilai daya dukung terendah dimiliki oleh Terzaghi yaitu 283,14 kg/cm2 dengan penurunan segera yang terjadi adalah 1,4269 m. Untuk angka keamanan yang dipakai adalah (FS) = 2.
Mechanical Properties and Damage Characteristics of Coal Samples under Water Immersion Pressure
Authors: Yin Dawei , Ding Yisong , Jiang Ning , Li Faxin , Zhang Jicheng , Xu Hanhua
Published: April 2022

Uniaxial compression tests were conducted on four groups of coal samples under dry condition and 0, 3, and 5 MPa water immersion pressure using acoustic emission, scanning electron microscopy, and a digital scattered spot deformation monitoring system to investigate the mechanical properties and damage characteristics of coal samples under the action of water pressure. The results showed that as the water immersion pressure increased, the water–rock interaction intensified and aggravated the internal damage of the samples. The uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, and peak strain decreased by 71.4%, 43.3%, and 34.74%, respectively. The deformation localized zone of the samples first appeared at the original crack in the deformation and failure process. As the water immersion pressure increased, the coal sample deformation localization zone appeared earlier, the displacement dislocation momentum of the deformation localization zone increased, and the deformation failure gradually increased, furthermore, the samples transitioned from brittle to plastic failure, and their failure mode changed from tensile to tensile–shear hybrid failure. The acoustic emission activity of the samples corresponds to their failure processes. The initial compaction stage of the samples was prolonged as the water immersion pressure increased. In the stage before the peak point, the plastic damage to the samples caused a gradual increase in the intensity and frequency of the acoustic emission signal, and multiple sudden increase points appeared. After the peak point, the active degree of the acoustic emission decreased, and the signal changed from “single tremors” to “swarm tremors” type fluctuation. The water immersion pressure promoted the water–rock interaction in the samples, the water flow continuously eroded the samples, and many water marks appeared on the fracture surface. The average porosity of the fracture surface increased, and the defect size of the coal samples increased.
In situ Hi-C for mosquito embryos
Authors: Lukyanchikova Varvara , Fishman Veniamin , Sharakhov Igor
Published: April 2022

The step-by-step Hi-C protocol is described for mosquito embryos at the 15-18 h developmental stage. In brief, we collect mosquito eggs, fix them with 3% formaldehyde, and prepare Hi-C libraries using nuclei isolated from ~1000-3000 embryos of mixed sexes. We use MboI restriction enzyme and T4-ligase to generate two biological replicates per species. Libraries can be prepared with NEBNext® Ultra™ II DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina. The protocol was adapted for Anopheles species and successfully verified for Culex and Aedes embryos.
Surgical Treatment of Papillary Fibroelastoma of the Pulmonary Valve: a case report
Authors: Uehara Hiroo , Uchiyama Masateru , Hori Takayuki , Iida Mitsuru , Imazuru Tomohiro , Shimokawa Tomoki
Published: April 2022

Background: Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma (PFE) is a rare tumor, and especially rare when found on the pulmonary valve.Case presentation: We report the case of a 70-year-old woman patient with a pulmonary valve PFE diagnosed incidentally during a follow-up of aortic regurgitation. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and Gallium-67 scintigraphy imaging showed no findings of malignant tumors, and thrombus or myxoma was initially suspected. However, an initial transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram did not exclude the possibility of a malignant tumor attached to the wall of the pulmonary artery. Considering the embolization risk, we opted to perform aortic valve replacement (AVR) and tumorectomy, in which additional surgical procedures could then be conducted if intraoperative diagnosis showed a malignant tumor. Indeed, intraoperative findings showed the tumoral mass attached on the left semilunar cusp of the pulmonary valve, and intraoperative diagnosis of the tumor showed no malignancy. Planned tumorectomy was performed concomitantly with AVR. The pathologic examination of the removed tumor confirmed the diagnosis of PFE. Her postoperative course was uneventful without any sign of recurrence.Conclusion: This case highlights the difficulty of accurate diagnostic imaging and provides valuable insight into a successful surgical treatment of pulmonary valve PFE without any complications.
Commentary on Pore Water Pressure Predictive Models for Cyclic Loading
Authors: Phakde Arun G. , . Anubhav , Basudhar P.K.
Published: April 2022

The paper pertains to a comparative study of the efficacy of three predictive models for progressive build-up of pore water pressure during cyclic loading. The equivalent cycle method using a standard weighting function, modified equivalent cycle method and experiment based model were used for assessing the generation of pore water pressure values during cyclic loading. Various cyclic loading patterns, such as, uniform sinusoidal, non-uniformly increasing, exponentially decreasing, wavy irregular artificial shear stress histories were used for computation of progressive built-up of pore water pressures using above predictive models. Use of the standard weighting factor curve for equivalent cycle method provides a very rough and approximate estimation of the values of the progressive built up pore water pressure. Therefore, a new weighting curve for Ottawa sand has been developed and presented in this article. The predicted values implementing the newly developed approach show very good agreement with experimental results.
Self-organisation of zooplankton communities produces similar food chain lengths throughout the ocean
Authors: Everett Jason , Heneghan Ryan , Blanchard Julia , Suthers Iain , Pakhomov Evgeny , Sykes Patrick , Schoeman David , Baird Mark , Basedow Sünnje Linnéa , Błachowiak-Samołyk Katarzyna , Heath Michael , Hopcroft Russell , Huggett Jenny , Huret Martin , Kimmel David , Labat Jean-Philippe , Lopes Rubens , Marcolin Catarina , Nogueira Enrique , Noyon Margaux , Schultes Sabine , Sourisseau Marc , Swadling Kerrie , Trudnowska Emilia , Richardson Anthony
Published: April 2022

For over 50 years, the conceptualisation of low-nutrient oligotrophic systems having longer food chains and thus lower energy transfer to fish than their high-nutrient eutrophic counterparts1 has achieved the status of an ecological paradigm. However, recent global assessments indicate global fish biomass could be much higher than previously thought2–4, suggesting that our traditional understanding of food webs may need to be revisited. Here, we challenge the classical paradigm by exploring the role of zooplankton in food webs across the world’s oceans. Using observed zooplankton size spectra, and output from a size-spectrum model that resolves nine zooplankton groups, we conclude that food chains in oligotrophic (low-nutrient) and eutrophic (high-nutrient) systems have similar lengths. We offer a compelling hypothesis to explain this emergent pattern: self-organisation of zooplankton groups across the global productivity gradient regulates food chain length. We find that in oligotrophic systems the increased carnivory and longer food chains are offset by relatively large gelatinous filter feeders eating the dominant small phytoplankton, resulting in shorter-than-expected food chains, but decreasing food quality for fish. Our findings highlight the pivotal role zooplankton play in regulating energy transfer. Better resolution of zooplankton groups, their feeding relationships and carbon content in models will increase our ability to estimate current global fish biomass 5, project future fish biomass under climate change6–8, and provide more-robust forecasts of nutrient9 and carbon cycling10.
Performance of Ag Nanoparticles At The Rear Surface of Thin Film Silicon Solar Cell To Enhance The Overall Photon Absorption
Authors: Islam Ariful
Published: April 2022

This work provides an designing layout for the back surface of a thin film silicon solar cell (TFSC) to improve the cell's overall phton absorption. We modelled the back surface of the thin film silicon solar cell with an a Ag nanoparticle array and observed the result via the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method taking consideration of the wavelength in the range of 400 to 1100 nm. We demonstrated that the structural parameters of nanoparticles (particle shape, particle radius, and interparticle spacing) must be properly configured to strongly scatter back longer wavelength light into silicon absorber layer, and we found that larger particle size and smaller interparticle spacing provide optimum light trapping due to substantial scattering cross section and extensive light coupling induced by near-field effect. A detailed analysis has done and the result is compared with the commonly available cell without placing the nanoparticles. Simulation result shows that our designed structure boost light absorption significantly compared to the traditional cell.
Epidemiological Studies of Malaria in Gboko Metropolis, Gboko Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogbuefi Emmanuel Okwudili , Aribodor Dennis Nnanna , Joe-Ikechebelu Ngozi Nneka , Aribodor Ogechukwu Benedicta , Okechukwu Ifeoma Chizoba , Orjichukwu Obinna Ndubueze
Published: April 2022

We carried out an epidemiological study of malaria in Gboko metropolis in Gboko Local Government Area of Benue State, North - Central Nigeria to determine the malaria prevalence, risk factors and perception to malaria control among patients attending the hospital clinics between April and June, 2021. We used Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT), thin blood and thick blood film microscopy to sample the blood of 415 patients to determine specie, prevalence and intensity of malaria parasites. Also, structured questionnaire was administered to 400 individuals to obtain information on malaria management practices of the people. Chi-square test P < 0.05 was used to check for relationships between prevalence of malaria and other parameters in the study. The prevalence rate was found to be (55.7%) 231/415 and all (100%) were infections of Plasmodium falciparum. There was significant difference (p < 0.05) in the prevalence by age with the age groups 20–29 years having the highest prevalence of 68.9% (51/74). General Hospital Gboko recorded the highest prevalence of 74.3% (92/124) while Royal Hospital Gboko recorded the lowest prevalence of 31.6% (12/38) with a significant difference. The intensity of malaria infection showed that 45.9% (106/231) had moderate infection with no significant difference. In the administration of questionnaire, the respondents in Gboko demonstrated a good knowledge of malaria, 93.2% (373/400) opined that they have heard about malaria before. Respondents who do not sleep under LLINs recorded that 32.6% (30/92) do not have the mosquito net recorded, 17.4% (16/92) had no money to buy mosquito net while 10.9% (10/92) averred that it’s not comfortable sleeping under the net. Malaria public enlightenment efforts should be intensified to make malaria elimination not just possible but also achievable in Gboko Metropolis, Benue State.
Reanalysing cosmic microwave background radiation using a straight-line fit approach
Authors: Singh Sneha , Dhal Somita , Paul Ratan
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we estimate the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature using the data of the monopole spectrum and the dipole spectrum from COBE/FIRAS. Utilising the idea of straight-line fitting, we obtain the temperature and chemical potential. The temperature of the CMB is found to be \({2.728\pm 2.681\times 10}^{-5}\) K and \(2.728\pm 2.779\times {10}^{-5}\) K by using the data of the monopole and the dipole spectrum respectively. Handling the data of the monopole and the dipole spectrum, the chemical potential is obtained as \(4.858\times {10}^{-4}\pm 3.681\times {10}^{-5}\) and \(5.044\times {10}^{-4}\pm 3.762\times {10}^{-5}\) (95% confidence level) respectively. The amplitude of the CMB dipole, \({\text{T}}_{\text{a}\text{m}\text{p} }=3.387\pm 0.044\) mK is obtained at\(2.178\times {10}^{11}\)Hz. We get the fluctuation in chemical potential as \(\pm 4.945\times {10}^{-5}\) and \(\pm 5.126\times {10}^{-5}\) considering the variation in temperature by using the data of monopole and dipole spectrum respectively. While analysing the y-distortion we get a peak in the value of y at \(2.178\times {10}^{11}\)Hz and |y| = \(6.063\times {10}^{-5}\) excluding the peak.
Self-shielded Wideband Yagi Antenna with Rectangular Horn for 60 GHz Unlicensed Band
Authors: Jang Taehwan , Park Chul Soon
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a self-shielded Yagi antenna with a rectangular horn for the 60 GHz unlicensed band. The rectangular horn is used for the isolation from the other electronics around the antenna. For the self-shielded Yagi antenna with a rectangular horn, a 28.5 % impedance bandwidth, a 33.3 % 3 dB-gain bandwidth, and a 12.7 dBi peak gain are achieved. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the proposed 60 GHz self-shielded antenna shows the widest bandwidth characteristics among those that have been reported.
A multicenter study investigating the oral health status and influencing factors in children with rheumatism: a protocol for cross-sectional survey
Authors: Li Yunyun , Shi Songsong , Cui Hengmei , Chen Haoyang , Shen Biyu
Published: April 2022

Background: Rheumatic disease in children is a chronic systemic disease with unclear etiology and pathogenesis. A growing number of evidence shows that there is an important relationship between chronic systemic diseases and oral cavity. However, there is still a lack of research on children's rheumatic diseases and oral health in Eastern countries.Methods: This study is a multicenter cross-sectional study. The oral health status and habits of children with rheumatic diseases in China were analyzed by investigating the oral health status of children with rheumatic diseases newly diagnosed in four hospitals in Shanghai.Discussion: This study will fill the gap in oral health status and habits of children with rheumatic diseases in Eastern countries. To analyze the influencing factors of oral health of children with rheumatic diseases in Eastern countries. So as to better provide plans and guidance programs for oral health of children with rheumatic diseases in Eastern countries.
Causality Extraction Model Based on Two-stage GCN
Authors: Zhu Guangli , Sun Zhengyan , Zhang Shunxiang , Wei Subo , Li Kuan Ching
Published: April 2022

In the traditional methods, the low identification accuracy of cascade implicit causalities is caused by the lack of causal inference. To solve this problem, we propose a causality extraction model based on GCN to infer the causality of the text. It can analyze the cause-effect existing in the text and realize the deep extraction under semantic enhancement. First, the data are preprocessed, and BERT is used for pre-training. In the pre-training, the candidate entities are selected by entity links. The text encoding is used context semantics and embedding location coding. Then, the semantic dependency graph is used to obtain the relationship between entities. In addition, the nodes and edges obtained by the previous step are input into the first-stage GCN to extract the whole causality. Finally, the entity relation graph obtained by the first-stage GCN is introduced into the second-stage GCN for cascade inference. The causality of the cascade is inferred and extracted by a two-stage GCN. Experiments show that the model can find implicit causality more accurately generate new implicit causal entities on the original causality.
Assessing Landslide susceptibility of Bangad Kupinde municipality, Salyan, Karnali Province, Nepal
Authors: Rawal Tank , Joshi Suraj
Published: April 2022

This Paper examines the landslide susceptibility mapping of Bangad Kupinde Municipality which lies in Salyan district, Karnali Province Nepal.The hills are regarded as one of the most vulnerable areas in the world so, this study was conducted in order to know about the susceptibility of this municipality with respect to landslide. Google Earth Engine (GEE) and ArcMap were used during the image processing and analysis. Besides, ArcMap toolbox Arc-Spatial Data Modeler was used for map validation. Sentinel 2 surface reflectance product i.e., MSI Level-2A product obtained from GEE database was used in the study. Similarly, a higher resolution ALOS PALSAR DEM (12.5m) was Alaska Satellite Facility`s distributed active archive center. Pre-processing was done before further processing and analysis of satellite images to enhance their quality and to bring them to a desired output. This study used pixel-based classification approach using Random Forest classifier for image classification. Landslide susceptibility map was obtained by integrating various landslide causative factors using Analytical Hierarchal Process (AHP) and weighted overlay technique. Weighted overlay was used to integrate the factor whereas AHP was used to assign weight to the factors. Altogether seven factors i.e., land cover, NDVI, altitude, slope, aspect, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) and stream network were used in producing the landslide susceptibility map. A total of 41 locations of landslides were determined by Google Earth digitization and field surveys which was used to create a landslide inventory map of the study area. Finally, a series of landslide susceptibility index were prepared based on AUC. The obtained Landslide Susceptibility Index was then classified into five categories of susceptibility levels namely: very high, high, moderate, low and very low. The results show that a total of 11.20% of area are under very high susceptible zone, 21.65% area under high susceptibility,28.22% area under moderate susceptibility, 25.70% area under low susceptibility and 13.23% area under very low susceptible zones.
Firearm-related juvenile death rates correlate with gun ownership rates, measures of guns in circulation and leniency of existing firearm laws among US states
Authors: Tomlinson Amanda , Paul Megan , Zhang Ruya , Liu Bian , Coakley Brian A
Published: April 2022

BackgroundIn the United States, firearms now rank as the second-leading cause of death among children and adolescents, trailing only motor-vehicle accidents. Prior reports have calculated that 87% of all children aged 0-14 killed by firearms in high-income countries are US children. This study sets out to determine how rates of gun ownership, surrogate markers for the number of guns in circulation and strictness of firearm-related correlated with firearm-related mortality among both juvenile and overall populations at the state level.MethodsFirearm-associated mortality rates among juveniles, as well as among all ages, were obtained for each US state from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The number of National Firearms Act weapons and federal firearms licensees for each state was taken from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). State-level gun ownership rates, poverty rates and unemployment rates were procured from the RAND corporation, US. Census Bureau and US Department of Labor, respectively. Mental health data was taken from the CDC’s behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Gifford Center Scorecard Rankings were used a relative measure of firearm law strictness. Bivariate linear regression was used to model the relationships between firearm-associated mortality as well as ATF registered weapons, ATF federal firearm licensees, Giffords Center scorecard rankings and gun-ownership rates. Multivariate analysis was then performed to control for state-level differences in poverty rates, unemployment rates and poor mental health.ResultsUnadjusted analysis showed that more ATF federal firearm licensees, higher gun ownership rates and more lenient gun laws were associated with increased rates of firearm-associated mortality among juveniles. Similarly, all 3 such measures as well as more ATF registered weapons were associated with increased rates of firearm-related death among overall populations. In the adjusted analysis, more ATF registered weapons, more ATF federal firearm licensees, higher gun ownership rates and more lenient firearm laws were all associated with higher rates of firearm-related mortality among both juvenile and overall populations. ConclusionsIn order to reduce the risk of firearm-associated death among children, US policy makers and stakeholders should focus on implementing more restrictive firearm laws and decreasing gun ownership rates.
Development and application of Fragment-based De novo inhibitors against Plasmodium falciparum GST
Authors: Al-qattan Mohammed N. , Mordi Mohd N
Published: April 2022

Modulation of disease progression is frequently started by identifying biochemical pathway catalyzed by biomolecule that is prone to inhibition by small molecular weight ligands. Such ligands (leads) can be obtained from natural resources or synthetic libraries. However de novo design based on fragments assembly and optimization is showing increasing success. In this research, fragment-based approaches were used to design molecules that can fit glutathione (GSH) binding site of Plasmodium falciparum GST (PfGST). The involved approaches build molecules from fragments that are either isosteric to GSH sub-moieties (ligand-based) or successfully docked to GSH binding sub-pockets (structure-based). Selected fragments are joined to create ligands that were explored using molecular docking, Cartesian coordinate’s optimization, and simplified free energy determination as well as MD simulation and MMPBSA calculations. Compared to reference GST inhibitor of S-hexyl GSH, ligands with improved rigidity, synthetic accessibility and affinity to receptor were successfully designed.
Finding My Way from clinical trial to open access dissemination: Comparison of uptake, adherence, and psychosocial outcomes of an online program for cancer-related distress.
Authors: Beatty Lisa , Kemp Emma , Koczwara Bogda
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Few digital psycho-oncology programs have been adopted into routine practice; how these programs are used after trial completion remains unexplored. To address this, the present study transitioned our evidence-based 6-module CBT-based program, Finding My Way, into open access after completion of the RCT, and compared uptake, usage, and psychosocial outcomes to the earlier RCT.
Methods
Recruitment was passive, via promotion through (1) media and social media releases; (2) public lectures; (3) radio interviews and podcasts; and (4) clinician-initiated referral. Measures included: number of enrolled users; number of modules completed; and pre- and optional post-measures of distress and quality of life (QOL).
Results
Uptake was lower in OA (n = 120; 63% of RCT). Usage was markedly lower: 1.5 modules were completed on average (vs 3.7 in RCT), and only 13% completed a ‘therapeutic dose’ of 4 + modules (vs. 50% in RCT). Research attrition was high; n = 13 completed the post-measures. OA users were more sociodemographically and clinically diverse than RCT users; had higher baseline distress (OA Mpre=36.7, SD = 26.5; RCT Mpre= 26.5, SD = 21.7), and reported larger pre-post reductions than their RCT counterparts (OA Mpost=23.9, SD = 20.7; RCT Mpost=21.2, SD = 21.2). Moderate improvements in mental QOL occurred during OA (Mpre=37.3, SD = 12.6; Mpost=44.5, SD = 12.1), broadly replicating RCT findings.
Conclusion
Findings that OA users were more medically and socio-demographically diverse and distressed at baseline than their RCT counterparts, and - despite having lower usage of the program - achieved larger changes from baseline to post-program, will help to shape future intervention designed, tailoring, and dissemination.
Improving WHO’s Understanding of WHO Guideline Uptake and Use in Member States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Saluja Kiran , Re K.Srikanth , Wang Qi , Zhu Ying , Li Yanfei , Chu Xiajing , Li Rui , Hou Liangying , Horsley Tanya , Carden Fred , Bartolomeos Kidist , Roberts Janet Hatcher
Published: April 2022

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) publishes public health, clinical and data-use guidelines to guide member states to achieve better health outcomes. Furthermore, the WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work for 2019−2023 prioritizes strengthening its normative functional role and uptake of normative and standard-setting products, including guidelines at the country level. Therefore, understanding WHO guideline uptake by the member states, particularly the low and middle-income countries (LMICs), is of utmost importance for the organization and scholarship.Methods:We conducted a scoping review using systematic review methods. We used a comprehensive search strategy to include published literature in English between 2007 - 2020. Six databases - CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS, Google Scholar) and grey literature were searched. The review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines for reporting the searches, screening and identification of evaluation studies from the literature. A narrative synthesis of the evidence around key barriers and challenges for WHO guideline uptake in LMICs is thematically presented.Results: The scoping review included 48 studies, and the findings were categorised into four themes –1) Lack of national legislation, regulations and policy coherence, 2) Inadequate experience, expertise and training of healthcare providers for guidelines uptake, 3) Funding limitations for guideline uptake and use, and 4) Inadequate healthcare infrastructure for guidelines compliance. These challenges were situated in the member states’ health systems. The findings suggest governance was often weak within the existing health systems amongst most of the LIMCs studied, as was the guidance provided by WHO’s guidelines on governance requirements. This challenge was further exacerbated by a lack of accountability and transparency mechanisms for uptake of guidelines and implementation. In addition, the WHO guidelines themselves were either unclear or weak and were technically challenging for some health conditions; but primarily, WHO guidelines were used as a reference by member states when they developed their national guidelines. Conclusions: The challenges identified reflect the national health systems’ (in)ability to allocate, implement, and monitor the guidelines. Historically this is beyond the remit of WHO but member states could benefit from WHO implementation guidance on requirements and needs for successful uptake and use of WHO guidelines.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of amino-3,5-dicyanopyryridines and thieno[2,3-b]pyridines as ligands of adenosine receptors
Authors: Nkomba Gaofenngwe , Terre'Blanche Gisella , Rensburg Helena Dorathea Janse van , Legoabe Lesetja J.
Published: April 2022

Due to the implication of adenosine in seizure suppression, adenosine-based therapies such as adenosine receptor (AR) agonists have been investigated. This study aimed at investigating thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives as non-nucleoside A1 agonists that could be used in pharmaco-resistant epilepsy (PRE). Compound 7c (thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivative), displayed good binding affinity to the rA1 AR (Ki = 61.9 nM). This could be a breakthrough for further investigation of this heterocyclic scaffold as potential ligand. In silico evaluation of this compound raised bioavailability concerns but performed well on drug-likeness tests. The effect of intramolecular cyclisation that occurs during synthesis of thieno[2,3-b]pyridines from the lead compounds, amino-3,5-dicyanopyridine derivatives (6a-s) in relation to AR binding was also evaluated. A significant loss of activity against rA1/rA2A ARs with cyclisation was revealed. Amino-3,5-dicyanopyridines exhibited greater affinity towards rA1 ARs (Ki <10 nM) than rA2A. Compound 6c had the best rA1 affinity (Ki = 0.076 nM). Novel compounds (6d, 6k, 6l, 6m, 6n, 6o, 6p) were highly selective towards rA1 AR (Ki between 0.179 and 21.0nM). Based on their high selectivity for A1 ARs, amino-3,5-dicyanopyridines may be investigated further as AR ligands in PRE with the right structural optimisations and formulations.