bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Equation of State and Cutoff Density in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Simulations of the Moon-forming Giant Impact
Authors: Hull Scott D. , Nakajima Miki , Hosono Natsuki , Canup Robin M. , Gassmöller Rene
Published: January 2024

The amount of vapor in the impact-generated protolunar disk carries implications for the dynamics, devolatilization, and moderately volatile element isotope fractionation during lunar formation. The equation of state (EoS) used in simulations of the giant impact is required to calculate the vapor mass fraction (VMF) of the modeled protolunar disk. Recently, a new version of M-ANEOS (Stewart M-ANEOS) was released with an improved treatment of heat capacity and expanded experimental Hugoniot. Here, we compare this new M-ANEOS version with a previous version (N-SPH M-ANEOS) and assess the resulting differences in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations. We find that Stewart M-ANEOS results in cooler disks with smaller values of VMF and in differences in disk mass that are dependent on the initial impact angle. We also assess the implications of the minimum “cutoff” density (ρ

c
), similar to a maximum smoothing length, that is set as a fast-computing alternative to an iteratively calculated smoothing length. We find that the low particle resolution of the disk typically results in >40% of disk particles falling to ρ

c
, influencing the dynamical evolution and VMF of the disk. Our results show that the choice of EoS, ρ

c
, and particle resolution can cause the VMF and disk mass to vary by tens of percent. Moreover, small values of ρ

c
produce disks that are prone to numerical instability and artificial shocks. We recommend that future giant impact SPH studies review smoothing methods and ensure the thermodynamic stability of the disk over simulated time.
Cratering and Tectonic History of the Largest Uranian Satellite, Titania: New Insights Enabled by Image Reprocessing
Authors: Nathan Erica , Head James , Huber Christian
Published: January 2024

From heavily cratered Umbriel to extensively tectonized Miranda, Titania is an intermediary of the Uranian system: heavily cratered, yet tectonically modified. An outstanding mystery in Titania's crater population is its apparent relative lack of large (>30 km) craters. However, progress has been limited by the coverage and quality of images available. Here, we present a new map of Titania enabled by reprocessing Voyager images to reduce the effects of motion blur. Of note, we identify a network of fractures, a set of lineaments that may represent a large multi-ring impact structure, and newly identified catenae. These findings suggest Titania's crater population is missing large craters due to viscous relaxation, tectonic resurfacing, and/or planetocentric debris, and does not necessarily require cryovolcanic resurfacing. In preparation for future missions to the Uranian system, this work presents foundations for identifying imaging targets that can contribute to furthering our understanding of the history and evolution of the Uranian system in a broader context of icy satellite evolution.
Retrievals Applied to a Decision Tree Framework Can Characterize Earthlike Exoplanet Analogs
Authors: Young Amber V. , Crouse Jaime , Arney Giada , Domagal-Goldman Shawn , Robinson Tyler D. , Bastelberger Sandra T.
Published: January 2024

Exoplanet characterization missions planned for the future will soon enable searches for life beyond our solar system. Critical to the search will be the development of life detection strategies that can search for biosignatures while maintaining observational efficiency. In this work, we adopted a newly developed biosignature decision tree strategy for remote characterization of Earthlike exoplanets. The decision tree offers a step-by-step roadmap for detecting exoplanet biosignatures and excluding false positives, based on Earth’s biosphere and its evolution over time. We followed the pathways for characterizing a modern-Earth-like planet and an Archean-Earth-like planet and evaluated the observational trades associated with coronagraph bandpass combinations of designs consistent with the Habitable Worlds Observatory precursor studies. With retrieval analyses of each bandpass (or combination), we demonstrate the utility of the decision tree and evaluate the uncertainty on a suite of biosignature chemical species and habitability indicators (i.e., the gas abundances of H2O, O2, O3, CH4, and CO2). Notably for modern Earth, less than an order of magnitude spread in the 1σ uncertainties was achieved for the abundances of H2O and O2, planetary surface pressure, and atmospheric temperature, with three strategically placed bandpasses (two in the visible and one in the near-infrared). For the Archean, CH4 and H2O were detectable in the visible with a single bandpass.
Temperature-related Variations of 1064 nm Surface Reflectance on Mercury: Implications for Space Weathering
Authors: Deutsch Ariel N. , Neumann Gregory A. , Kreslavsky Mikhail A. , Pokorný Petr , Martinez Camacho Jose M. , Trang David , Izenberg Noam R. , Denevi Brett W. , Galiano Anna , Filacchione Gianrico
Published: January 2024

It has been predicted that high equatorial temperatures on Mercury could promote thermal annealing by Ostwald ripening, where nanophase metal particles (a product of space weathering) coalesce and grow into larger, microphase particles, resulting in lower albedo. Here, we test this prediction by studying the correlation between albedo and temperature in 1° spatial bins using newly recalibrated 1064 nm reflectance data acquired by the Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA), low incidence angle data from the Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS), and newly modeled maximum surface temperatures (MSTs). Accounting for local geology and latitude, we compare the reflectance values of surfaces with MSTs >675 K (where Ostwald ripening is predicted to be most effective) to surfaces with MSTs <473 K (where ripening is predicted not to be effective). Smooth plain surfaces >675 K are 10% and 12% darker than surfaces <473 K in MLA and MDIS data, respectively, and nonsmooth plain surfaces >675 K are 8% and 7% darker than surfaces <473 K. However, open questions remain regarding the causation of this darkening; statistical tests cannot distinguish whether the reflectance differences are systematic or the result of compositional variations that happen to correlate with MST. Along Mercury’s thermal longitudes, we find that reflectance is typically lower along hot poles than along the 90°E cold pole in the low-to-midlatitudes, especially in the smooth plains, consistent with previous work identifying a decrease in optical maturity along the 90°E cold pole. Longitudinal reflectance variations correlate with temperature variations, rather than variations in micrometeoroid or solar wind fluxes.
The first reliable fossil record of the tribe Centistini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae): a new subgenus and species of braconid wasp in Danish amber
Authors: Belokobylskij Sergey A. , Vasilenko Dmitry V. , Perkovsky Evgeny E.
Published: January 2024

A new subgenus and species of the braconid parasitoid of the tribe Centistini s. l. (Euphorinae), Centistoides (Palaeoides) magnioculus Belokobylskij, subgen. et sp. nov., from late Eocene Danish amber are described and illustrated from one female. This is the first time the tribe of euphorine parasitoids is reliably documented in the fossil record. A key to all genera and subgenera of this suprageneric taxonomic group is compiled. The discussion about position of the genus Parasyrrhizus Brues, composition of the tribe Centistini s. l., and the composition of the Danish amber hymenopteran fauna are provided.
Employing Na2CO3 and NaCl as sources of sodium in NaFePO4 cathode: A comparative study on structure and electrochemical properties
Authors: Astuti Fahmi , Azmi Rima Feisy , Azhar Mohammad Arrafi , Rayanisaputri Fani Rahayu Hidayah , Ramadhan Muhammad Redo , Baqiya Malik Anjelh , Darminto
Published: January 2024

Encouraged by the tremendous success of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), analogous NaFePO4 has been predicted to show identical properties as LiFePO4. Synthesis of NaFePO4 materials in the maricite phase has been carried out using the sol-gel method with variations of calcination temperature and starting materials as sources of sodium Na2CO3 and NaCl. The resulted NaFePO4 maricite phase with the purity between 40% and 85%, according to X-ray diffractometry (XRD) characterization was obtained. The morphology and grain size of the particles in samples, as observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), tend to enlarge upon calcination at higher temperatures. The increment of calcination temperature increases the NaFePO4 maricite phase content in the sample. The impedance data analysis shows that the diffusion coefficient of Na+ ions and the electrical conductivity of a sample using Na2CO3 is higher than that of NaCl. This comprehensive study provides a feasible method and opens new opportunities for the continuous study of Na-ion batteries.
Fossils, Modality & Central Subjects in Palaeobiological Reconstruction
Authors: Currie Adrian
Published: January 2024

Paleobiology is not only a science of the deep past: it is a science of deep possibility. Drawing on recent speculative reconstructions of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus, I sketch a new account of paleobiological reconstruction. Fossils, as opposed to testing causal hypotheses, are used to characterise and evidence the ‘central subjects’ of paleobiological reconstruction, in this instance, particular dinosaur taxa. These central subjects are then situated in various ‘profiles’, representational tools which isolate particular traits across several dimensions in order to apply comparative methods which generate and test often modal hypotheses. I suggest this represents a particular phenomena-driven mode of exploring possibility, one with distinct advantages over approaches more common in theoretical evolutionary biology.
Des morts polysémiques : les sépultures en contexte d’habitat rural au premier Moyen Âge (ve-xie siècle) en Alsace
Authors: Peytremann Édith , Pelissier Amélie
Published: January 2024

Résumé : L’étude des sépultures découvertes en contexte d’habitat rural du haut Moyen Âge, entreprise dans le cadre d’un Projet Collectif de Recherche dédié aux « Espaces et pratiques funéraires en Alsace aux époques mérovingienne et carolingienne », a pour objectif de développer une méthodologie d’étude archéologique et anthropologique adaptée à un corpus hétérogène et à un temps de recherche limité, d’analyser et de comparer le corpus alsacien non seulement à celui des ensembles funéraires régionaux mais encore à ceux des populations inhumées en contexte d’habitat dans le reste de la France et dans le Bade-Würtemberg. À partir d’un corpus de 19 sites comprenant 171 sépultures représentant 192 individus et de 46 datations 14C et de 30 datations par l’étude du mobilier, il a été développé une méthodologie permettant une approche chronologique, topographique, proxémique, biologique et sociale de cette pratique. Trois grandes phases chronologiques ont ainsi été distinguées dans la période d’approximativement trois siècles durant laquelle cette pratique est attestée. Trois agencements topographiques de sépultures ont été identifiés : isolé, en grappe et en ensemble. Les gestes et l’architecture funéraires s’avèrent semblables à ceux observés au sein des grands ensembles funéraires contemporains. L’étude démographique et biologique de la population inhumée montre, elle aussi, des résultats proches de ceux obtenus pour les cimetières. Les interprétations proposées, en lien avec la propriété et les limites, la famille et les croyances sont comparées à celles émises plus généralement en France et en Europe du Nord-Ouest. Si les résultats obtenus restent encore modestes, la méthodologie mise au point devrait permettre de traiter à l’avenir d’autres corpus régionaux hétéroclites et d’effectuer des comparaisons plus poussées.
La experiencia peatonal en espacios públicos: el caso de residentes de distritos periféricos de Lima Norte y El Callao
Authors: Munive Rodriguez Andrea Irene , Azurín Icaza André Nicolás , Miranda Rodrigo Letzy Rubí
Published: January 2024

La experiencia peatonal, además de darse en estricta relación con el entorno físico, representa también una forma de aproximación hacia el otro, así como un medio para la recreación y el intercambio material y simbólico que hace posible la apropiación socioespacial de lo urbano. No obstante, en el caso de las periferias urbanas de América Latina, esta experiencia de movilidad, entre otros factores, se encuentra limitada por elementos sociales que afectan de forma distinta a los transeúntes. A partir de 20 entrevistas a vecinos de Lima Norte y El Callao durante la pandemia por Covid-19, nos acercamos a las experiencias relacionadas con la calidad de los servicios urbanos, los espacios de recreación y esparcimiento y la sensación de inseguridad en las calles. Buscamos, en concreto, explorar las percepciones que los residentes de distritos periféricos en Lima Norte y El Callao construyen sobre el espacio público basándose en su experiencia peatonal. Al respecto, encontramos que la experiencia peatonal de los residentes se encuentra marcada por la inseguridad en las calles, pero a su vez se encuentra atravesada por diferencias en torno al género. Esta diferencia marca el desarrollo de estrategias de caminata particulares en el espacio público.
Movilidad cotidiana en ciclistas residentes de Lima Norte durante la pandemia por Covid-19
Authors: Barrios María Fernanda , Bustamante José Antonio , Shimabukuro Alexandra
Published: January 2024

El presente artículo analiza las experiencias de movilidad cotidiana en bicicleta por parte de residentes de Lima Norte durante la pandemia por Covid-19. En este contexto, las formas de movilidad en la ciudad de Lima tuvieron que reajustarse debido a las prohibiciones y medidas establecidas para el transporte público, dadas con el fin de mantener la seguridad sanitaria. A consecuencia de ello la cantidad de ciclistas aumentó, pero muchos de estos encontraron grandes obstáculos para el ejercicio de la movilidad en bicicleta. El análisis de las prácticas y de las percepciones de los ciclistas entrevistados pone en evidencia el problema central relacionado con las fallas en la infraestructura ciclovial, las que reflejan la fuerte desigualdad de Lima Norte en relación con otros distritos de Lima Metropolitana. A esto se le agrega la heterogeneidad de experiencias de los ciclistas y las estrategias diferenciadas con las que responden a los obstáculos presentados, en particular según su nivel de práctica. De ese modo, este artículo aporta al corpus de estudios de movilidad en bicicleta, resaltando la especificidad de la experiencia de los ciclistas que residen en zonas periféricas de la ciudad.
La collection Auguste Cousin (1835-1899) et son itinéraire entre l’Équateur et Paris
Authors: Jarrín María José
Published: January 2024

En 1864, Auguste Cousin (1835-1899) arrive à Quito pour réaliser des recherches sur la malacologie équatorienne. Grâce à ses collectes, il devient membre de la Société zoologique de France et développe un réseau transnational dont les transferts participent au processus de création de musées scientifiques dans les deux nations. Les collections qu’il forme se diversifient et deviennent des représentations de la nation équatorienne lors des expositions universelles. Elles gagnent ainsi une renommée internationale qui contribue à la diffusion du collectionnisme d’objets provenant de l’Équateur. Auguste Cousin incarne alors deux types d’agent culturel du xixe siècle : le voyageur naturaliste et le collectionneur d’antiquités nationales. Sous l’optique de l’histoire croisée, cet article analyse les pratiques culturelles (scientifiques, artistiques, patrimoniales) développées par Cousin entre la France et l’Équateur au tournant du siècle.
Des plantes et des patients : les deux « herbiers » du docteur Pierre Janet (1859-1947)
Authors: Serina Florent
Published: January 2024

L’étude des archives du psychologue et médecin français Pierre Janet (1859-1947) place l’historien face à un curieux paradoxe. Contrairement à ses papiers professionnels dont il ne reste plus qu’une infime portion, la totalité de son herbier, fruit de près de soixante-dix ans de collecte passionnée, est étonnamment parvenue jusqu’à nous. Ainsi, le clinicien autrefois mondialement réputé, tenu au secret médical, continue de résister au dévoilement historique, tandis que le naturaliste amateur, encore méconnu, apparaît désormais au grand jour. Quand bien même le docteur Janet se gardait d’amalgamer hâtivement l’étude des conduites humaines et celle des végétaux, un examen minutieux de son abondante œuvre écrite tend aussi à montrer que ces deux disciplines, propices au collectionnisme, venaient parfois à s’entrecroiser.
Hajj Management Chain Feasibility Post COVID-19
Authors: Karia Noorliza , Saleh Firas Izzat Mahmoud
Published: January 2024

As a form of spiritual tourism, the Pilgrimage or Hajj is the fifth core pillar of Islam, which involves the global mass gathering and movement of travelers from around the globe to the holy lands in Saudi Arabia. Hajj event is one of the worldwide hubs of health risk in the COVID-19 era, which suspends or limits this annual event for the past two seasons. Towards dealing with this protracted crisis and ensuring the sustainability of this critical event and its resilience to deal with any future concerns, this chapter discusses Hajj-related COVID-19 threats and realities across the chain of Hajj management. Further, it analyses the future outlook of the interlinked domains of health, logistical, and technology, as it provides the feasible, practical strategies and manifestations for the pre-departure processes, management of pilgrims in the holy lands, and post-return processes. The relevant governments and stakeholders can directly consider these strategies to overcome the current crisis and sustain Hajj in the future.
Women and Crisis Management in Higher Education
Authors: Hayes Catherine
Published: January 2024

This chapter provides an insight into the challenges faced, specifically by women in relation to the agency they are afforded within the context of change management in crisis situations and responses. This is contextualized within global higher education and examined through theoretical perspectives such as Neoliberalism, which have impacted so much on the context specificity of change management and the cultures within which it has influenced so greatly. The recent global COVID-19 pandemic is used as a vehicle by which to drive thinking around concepts, which have had such an impact on women during this time, such as emotional labor and inequality. The chapter concludes with a consideration of organizational structures and the agency that this has afforded women both historically and within the leadership challenges they currently face.
Blockchain Revolution in Education and Lifelong Learning
Authors: Banga Charu , Ujager Farhan
Published: January 2024

The current chapter presents an overview on the importance of blockchain technology in the field of education and lifelong learning. It discusses the existing blockchain models applicable to the education sector such as decentralized student records and credentials verification systems, secure and transparent transaction platforms for micro-credentials, and blockchain-based student identity management systems. Sustainable blockchain-led strategies and framework for responsible blockchain for empowering the stakeholders involved, enhancing educational innovation and infrastructure, and reducing the inequalities are discussed. Moreover, the chapter throws light on the innovative practices to revolutionize traditional education systems, credentialing, and payment methods, offering several significant benefits to the world of higher education.
Geospatial Blockchain Applications for Land Administration in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Munir
Published: January 2024

In an era characterized by rapid technological progress, the persistent challenges of land administration are on the verge of a groundbreaking transformation through the adoption of blockchain technology. Originating with the advent of Bitcoin in 2008, blockchain has emerged as a beacon of hope, promising transparency, trust, immutability, and security in recording transactions. This innovative technology holds immense potential to revolutionize the landscape of land administration in Pakistan, a nation burdened by antiquated paper-based systems, corruption, land disputes, and inefficiencies. Embracing blockchain can offer Pakistan the prospect of an era marked by improved governance, diminished fraud, streamlined record-keeping, and equitable access to vital land information. Nonetheless, the path forward is strewn with challenges, necessitating the establishment of robust legal frameworks, capacity-building initiatives, and the resolution of privacy concerns.
Machine Learning in UAV-Assisted Smart Farming
Authors: Ajakwe Simeon Okechukwu , Esomonu Nkechi Faustina , Deji-Oloruntoba Opeyemi , Ajakwe Ihunanya Udodiri , Lee Jae-Min , Kim Dong Seong
Published: January 2024

Over the years, economic loss in the agricultural sector has been attributed to the late detection of varying plant diseases due to incongruent detection technologies. With the advent of disruptive technologies and their deployment, such as incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) models into unmanned autonomous vehicles for real-time monitoring, the curtailment of losses and inadvertent waste of agricultural produce can be significantly addressed. This study examines the role of deploying AI models in improving the early and accurate detection of crop lesions for prompt, intuitive, and decisive action to forestall recurrence and guarantee a return on investment to farmers. Furthermore, the chapter established scientific basis for the acceleration of crop yields through allied mechano-biosynthesis in a quest to cushion the effect of the contemporary global food crisis. Connected intelligence in smart farming can be achieved through convergence technology for cost effective agro-allied production by improving the limitations of UAVs and AI-models.
Power System Fault Diagnosis and Prediction System Based on Graph Neural Network
Authors: Hao Jiao , Zhang Zongbao , Ping Yihan
Published: January 2024

The stability and reliability of the power system are of utmost significance in upholding the smooth functioning of modern society. Fault diagnosis and prediction represent pivotal factors in the operation and maintenance of the power system. This article presents an approach employing graph neural network (GNN) to enhance the precision and efficiency of power system fault diagnosis and prediction. The system's efficacy lies in its ability to capture the intricate interconnections and dynamic variations within the power system by conceptualizing it as a graph structure and harnessing the capabilities of GNN. In this study, the authors introduce a substitution for the pooling layer with a convolution operation. A central role is played by the global average pooling layer, connecting the convolution layer and the fully connected layer. The fully connected layer carries out nonlinear computations, ultimately providing the classification at the top-level output layer. In experiments and tests, we verified the performance of the system.
Emotional Behavior Analysis of Music Course Evaluation Based on Online Comment Mining
Authors: Li Nan
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the method of analyzing emotional tendencies in music courses and its application in lesson plan evaluation. Using a weighted method to analyze emotional tendencies in music curriculum, the study compares the results with existing literature, demonstrating the superior accuracy of the proposed method. To evaluate lesson plan quality, a combination of self-assessment, mutual evaluation, group evaluation, and the middle school music lesson plan evaluation form is recommended for comprehensive assessment. The study's method for comment polarity achieves an accuracy rate of 69.19%, significantly outperforming other methods. Additionally, improvements in lexical feature extraction reduce computation complexity and interference factors in sentiment polarity analysis. In conclusion, this study offers valuable insights for enhancing teaching effectiveness, lesson plan quality, and understanding course feedback.
Exploring Students' Perspectives on the Implementation of a Self-Organised Learning Environment
Authors: Almalki Shatha Mohammed
Published: January 2024

This critical participatory action research explored undergraduate female Saudi students' perspectives on the implications of a self-organised learning environment (SOLE) via their mobile devices. Data was gathered from interviews and focus groups using a convenience sample of 27 undergraduate students and the researcher's reflective journals. The proposed intervention gave students opportunities for engagement and enhanced a spirit of cooperation, which led to the students enjoying their classes. Furthermore, SOLE encouraged the students to evaluate their ideas before posting them. Participating in SOLE helped the students to understand and recall the relevant course content. However, some challenging aspects, e.g., misleading information, emerged during the study's first phase, along with some technical issues.
Short Text Semantic Sentiment Analysis Based on Dual Channel Aspect Attention in Intelligent Systems
Authors: Li Yan
Published: January 2024

Traditional deep learning models for text sentiment analysis fail to fully harness the contextual semantic information of aspect nodes or use prior sentiment resources. This paper proposes a dual channel sentiment analysis model named M2BERT-BLSTM AA that is based on an enhanced Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers(BERT)and Bidirectional Long short-term memory(BLSTM) model and incorporates a Dual Attention Mechanism. Firstly, an emotional resource database is constructed using existing emotional resources. Secondly, vectors are concatenated following mean and max pooling along the dimension of sentence length. These semantic features mitigate evaluation imbalance.Then the text and sentiment information are encoded separately, using distinct Attention Mechanism(Att-M) to extract contextual relationships and emotional features. The model's Aspect-Based multi-class sentiment prediction accuracies on the three Chinese datasets of Meituan ordering, restaurants, and laptops are 75.2%, 87.5%, and 75%, respectively, showing improved performance on sentiment classification.
How Manufacturing Companies Can Improve Their Competitiveness
Authors: Zhang Yongling , Du Huaqing , Piao Tianyu , Shi Hongyu , Tsai Sang-Bing (Jason)
Published: January 2024

As the global market continues to evolve and competition escalates, the business environment becomes increasingly competitive. How manufacturing companies improve their competitiveness has always been a topic of great concern. Service transformation and product innovation are key factors and are considered to be important ways for enterprises to stand out in the market. Traditional service transformation and product innovation processes often face complex problems, including the diversity of customer needs and fierce market competition. This makes it difficult for companies to accurately capture market opportunities, provide personalized solutions, and respond quickly to changes. At the same time, many companies also face problems with product quality control and production efficiency, which further weakens their competitiveness. It is against this background that the importance of computer vision technology has become increasingly prominent.
Deep Learning in Carbon Neutrality Forecasting
Authors: Ran Jiwei , Zou Ganchang , Niu Ying
Published: January 2024

With the growing urgency of global climate change, carbon neutrality, as a strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, is increasingly seen as a critical solution. However, current forecasting models still face significant challenges and limitations in accurately and effectively predicting carbon emissions and their associated effects. These challenges largely stem from the complexity of carbon emission data and the interplay of anthropogenic and natural factors. To overcome these obstacles, the authors introduce an advanced forecasting model, the SSA-Attention-BIGRU network. This model ingeniously integrates an external attention mechanism, bidirectional GRU, and SSA components, allowing it to synthesize various key factors and enhance prediction accuracy when forecasting carbon neutrality trends. Through experiments on multiple datasets, the results demonstrate that, compared to other popular methods, the SSA-Attention-BIGRU network significantly excels in prediction accuracy, robustness, and reliability.
Improving Robot-Assisted Virtual Teaching Using Transformers, GANs, and Computer Vision
Authors: Xiong Li , Chen Yuanyuan , Peng Yi , Ghadi Yazeed Yasin
Published: January 2024

This study aims to enhance the efficacy of personalized learning paths by amalgamating transformer models, generative adversarial networks (GANs), and reinforcement learning techniques. To refine personalized learning trajectories, the authors integrated the transformer model for enhanced information assimilation and learning path planning. Through generative adversarial networks, the authors simulated the fusion and interaction of multi-modal information, refining the training of virtual teaching assistants. Lastly, reinforcement learning was employed to optimize the interaction strategies of these assistants, aligning them better with student needs. In the experimental phase, the authors benchmarked their approach against six state-of-the-art models to assess its effectiveness. The experimental outcomes highlight significant enhancements achieved by the authors' virtual teaching assistant compared to traditional methods. Precision improved to 95% and recall to 96%, and an F1 score exceeding 95% was attained.
IoT Real-Time Production Monitoring and Automated Process Transformation in Smart Manufacturing
Authors: Wang Xiangqian , Hu Haifeng , Wang Yuyao , Wang Zhaoyu
Published: January 2024

Conventional automobile manufacturing plants involve intricate assembly, testing, and debugging processes heavily reliant on manual operations. This study aims to explore the application of industrial internet of things (IIoT) and deep learning algorithms to achieve process automation in manufacturing. Firstly, utilizing IIoT technology, OPC UA, and point cloud fitting techniques, a comprehensive modeling of most equipment and materials within the factory is conducted, constructing a digital twin (DT) model as a virtual representation of actual equipment. Subsequently, the study innovatively introduces the deep Q network algorithm, facilitating the automatic transition of the production process and improving production efficiency. Through comparison with ten baseline models, the proposed model demonstrates an improvement in production efficiency of at least four percentage points compared to other models. Experimental validation confirms the effectiveness of the proposed model in the smart factory for electric vehicle manufacturing.
Potential use of plant leaves and sheath as food packaging materials in tackling plastic pollution: A Review
Authors: Kalina S. , Kapilan R. , Wickramasinghe I. , Navaratne S. B.
Published: January 2024

Plastic pollution, mainly due to single-use food packaging materials, has become a drastic environmental issue around the world. As a consequence of their accumulation, naturally balanced ecosystems may undergo various types of vulnerabilities, and eventually, it may lead to the annihilation of flora, and fauna. Hence, there is an urgent need to find alternative ways of packaging food with environmentally friendly materials. Currently, there are considerable numbers of research being done to prove that biodegradable packaging materials can be produced from plant leaves and sheaths. However, the large-scale production and application of eco-friendly packaging materials is still a challenge and more studies are further required to accomplish it. Hence, this review is done to identify initiatives made in the field of biodegradable packaging material and directs them towards practical application. In the end, it proves that there is a huge potential to produce biodegradable packaging materials from plant sources economically.
Neonatal CD8+ T Cells Resist Exhaustion during Chronic Infection
Authors: Maymí Viviana I , Zhu Hongya , Jager Mason , Johnson Shawn , Getchell Rodman , Casey James W , Grenier Jennifer K , Wherry E John , Smith Norah L , Grimson Andrew , Rudd Brian D
Published: January 2024

Chronic viral infections, such as HIV and hepatitis C virus, represent a major public health problem. Although it is well understood that neonates and adults respond differently to chronic viral infections, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we transferred neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells into a mouse model of chronic infection (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13) and dissected out the key cell-intrinsic differences that alter their ability to protect the host. Interestingly, we found that neonatal CD8+ T cells preferentially became effector cells early in chronic infection compared with adult CD8+ T cells and expressed higher levels of genes associated with cell migration and effector cell differentiation. During the chronic phase of infection, the neonatal cells retained more immune functionality and expressed lower levels of surface markers and genes related to exhaustion. Because the neonatal cells protect from viral replication early in chronic infection, the altered differentiation trajectories of neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells is functionally significant. Together, our work demonstrates how cell-intrinsic differences between neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells influence key cell fate decisions during chronic infection.
TLR5M and TLR5S Synergistically Sense Flagellin in Early Endosome in Lamprey Petromyzon marinus, Switched by the N-Glycosylation Site N239
Authors: Liao Zhiwei , Ji Wei , Yang Chunrong , Su Jianguo
Published: January 2024

In mammals, TLR5 functions as a homodimer to recognize bacterial flagellin on the cytomembrane. The current investigations reveal the existence of two types of TLR5, a membrane-bound PmTLR5M, and a soluble variant PmTLR5S, in lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Although both PmTLR5M and PmTLR5S can bind flagellin, only PmTLR5M is capable of eliciting a proinflammatory response, whereas PmTLR5S can detect the flagellin and facilitate the role of PmTLR5M in early endosomes. The trafficking chaperone UNC93B1 enhances the ligand-induced signaling via PmTLR5M or the combination of PmTLR5M and PmTLR5S. PmTLR5M recruits MyD88 as an adaptor. Furthermore, chimeric receptor studies demonstrate the indispensability of the intradomain of PmTLR5M in effective activation of the proinflammatory pathway upon flagellin stimulation, and the combination of PmTLR5S with a singular intradomain in both homodimer and heterodimer ectodomain arrangements can very significantly augment the immune response. Furthermore, the flagellin binding sites between PmTLR5M and PmTLR5S are conserved, which are essential for ligand binding and signal transduction. Moreover, investigations on N-linked glycosylation modifications reveal that the N239 site in PmTLR5M and PmTLR5S plays a switch role in both flagellin binding and immune responses. In addition, PmTLR5M exhibits the high-mannose–type and complex-type N-glycosylation modifications; however, PmTLR5S shows exclusive complex-type N-glycosylation modification. The key N239 site demonstrates complex-type N-glycosylation modification. The findings address the function and mechanism of TLR5 in ligand recognition, subcellular localization, and signaling pathway in lowest vertebrate and immune system transition species, highlight the regulatory role of N-glycosylation modification in TLRs, and augment immune evolutionary research on the TLR signaling pathway.
miR-345-3p Modulates M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization to Inhibit Inflammation in Bone Infection via Targeting MAP3K1 and NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Dai Yan , Yi Xiaolan , Huang Yahui , Qian Kaoliang , Huang Lili , Hu Jun , Liu Yuan
Published: January 2024

Infection after fracture fixation (IAFF), a complex infectious disease, causes inflammatory destruction of bone tissue and poses a significant clinical challenge. miR-345-3p is a biomarker for tibial infected nonunion; however, the comprehensive mechanistic role of miR-345-3p in IAFF is elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-345-3p in IAFF pathogenesis through in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vivo, in a rat model of IAFF, miR-345-3p expression was downregulated, accompanied by increased M1 macrophage infiltration and secretion of proinflammatory factors. In vitro, LPS induced differentiation of primary rat bone marrow–derived macrophages into M1 macrophages, which was attenuated by miR-345-3p mimics. miR-345-3p promoted M1 to M2 macrophage transition—it reduced the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 86, inducible NO synthase, IL-1β, and TNF-α but elevated those of CD163, arginase-1, IL-4, and IL-10. MAPK kinase kinase 1 (MAP3K1), a target mRNA of miR-345-3p, was overexpressed in the bone tissue of IAFF rats compared with that in those of the control rats. The M1 to M2 polarization inhibited MAP3K1 signaling pathways in vitro. Conversely, MAP3K1 overexpression promoted the transition from M2 to M1. miR-345-3p significantly inhibited NF-κB translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus in a MAP3K1-dependent manner. In conclusion, miR-345-3p promotes the polarization of M1 macrophages to the M2 phenotype by inhibiting the MAP3K1 and NF-κB pathways. These findings provide insight into the pathogenesis and immunotherapeutic strategies for IAFF and offer potential new targets for subsequent research.
Consolidation of a Molecular Signature of Healing in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Is Achieved during the First 10 Days of Treatment
Authors: Giraldo-Parra Lina , Rebellón-Sánchez David E , Navas Adriana , Belew Ashton Trey , El-Sayed Najib M , Gómez María Adelaida
Published: January 2024

The immune response is central to the pathogenesis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). However, most of our current understanding of the immune response in human CL derives from the analysis of systemic responses, which only partially reflect what occurs in the skin. In this study, we characterized the transcriptional dynamics of skin lesions during the course of treatment of CL patients and identified gene signatures and pathways associated with healing and nonhealing responses. We performed a comparative transcriptome profiling of serial skin lesion biopsies obtained before, in the middle, and at the end of treatment of CL patients (eight who were cured and eight with treatment failure). Lesion transcriptomes from patients who healed revealed recovery of the stratum corneum, suppression of the T cell–mediated inflammatory response, and damping of neutrophil activation, as early as 10 d after initiation of treatment. These transcriptional programs of healing were consolidated before lesion re-epithelization. In stark contrast, downregulation of genes involved in keratinization was observed throughout treatment in patients who did not heal, indicating that in addition to uncontrolled inflammation, treatment failure of CL is mediated by impaired mechanisms of wound healing. This work provides insights into the factors that contribute to the effective resolution of skin lesions caused by Leishmania (Viannia) species, sheds light on the consolidation of transcriptional programs of healing and nonhealing responses before the clinically apparent resolution of skin lesions, and identifies inflammatory and wound healing targets for host-directed therapies for CL.
Modified Placement of C-flap in Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair to Avoid Alar Base Scar - A Retrospective Study
Authors: Balaji S. M. , Balaji Preetha
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

In spite of several techniques, Millard’s approach for the correction of cleft lip still is widely used. Although versatile, it has certain drawbacks including scar contraction, short lip and notching. A modification of the ‘C’ arm helps to address this drawback. The purpose of this study was to describe the qualitative and quantitative outcomes of the author’s modification of Millard’s C flap.

Materials and Methods:

Archival photographic records of cleft lip repairs and post-operative photos of cases treated by author were screened. Anthropometric measurements of the height and width of the lip, the height of the vermilion and the width of the alar base were considered. The outcome was quantified by comparing the ratio of each feature between the cleft and normal sides. The quality of cleft lip repair was assessed using the Steffensen criteria. Appropriate statistical tests were performed.

Results:

In all, 233 cases with a mean age of 4.46 ± 0.91 years and 106 (45.5%) males formed the study group. The mean lip height ratio was 0.936 ± 0.04, the mean lip width ratio was 0.938 ± 0.037, the mean vermillion height ratio was 0.9433 ± 0.35 while the mean alar base width ratio was 0.932 ± 0.35. The physical parameter ratios’ mean difference between the normal side and the cleft side was below 0.06 mm.

Discussion:

The mechanism behind the drawback of the classical Millard’s technique is discussed and compared with present modification. The authors’ modification shows that modified Millard’s technique produces better aesthetic outcomes.
Integration of simulation-based teaching in anaesthesiology curriculum
Authors: Pande Aparna , Muthiah Thilaka , Ramachandran Rashmi , Sundaraperumal Balachandran , Kaur Manpreet , Baidya Dalim K.
Published: January 2024

Simulation refers to the replication of various elements of a real-world situation to achieve pre-specified objectives by enabling experiential learning. As the global burden of preventable medical errors remains high, simulation-based teaching may be used to standardise medical training and improve patient safety. With the same intent, the National Medical Commission has adopted simulation as part of the Competency Based Medical Education approach. Simulation-based training creates immersive and experiential learning, which keeps the new generation of learners actively involved in the learning process. Simulation is widely used to impart technical and non-technical skills for postgraduate trainees in anaesthesiology, but it is still not integrated as a structured part of the curriculum. This article aims to identify technical and non-technical skills that can be taught using simulation and suggests opportunities for using the existing infrastructure and resources to integrate simulation as part of the anaesthesiology training curriculum.
Role of artificial intelligence in haemodynamic monitoring
Authors: Myatra Sheila N. , Jagiasi Bharat G. , Singh Neeraj P. , Divatia Jigeeshu V.
Published: January 2024

This narrative review explores the evolving role of artificial intelligence (AI) in haemodynamic monitoring, emphasising its potential to revolutionise patient care. The historical reliance on invasive procedures for haemodynamic assessments is contrasted with the emerging non-invasive AI-driven approaches that address limitations and risks associated with traditional methods. Developing the hypotension prediction index and introducing CircEWSTM and CircEWS-lite TM showcase AI’s effectiveness in predicting and managing circulatory failure. The crucial aspects include the balance between AI and healthcare professionals, ethical considerations, and the need for regulatory frameworks. The use of AI in haemodynamic monitoring will keep growing with ongoing research, better technology, and teamwork. As we navigate these advancements, it is crucial to balance AI’s power and healthcare professionals’ essential role. Clinicians must continue to use their clinical acumen to ensure that patient outliers or system problems do not compromise the treatment of the condition and patient safety.
Parkinson’s syndrome – The syndrome within a syndrome – A case report
Authors: Raman Malarvizhi , Thiagarajan Latha K S , Sheela S , Kumar Niranjan K S
Published: January 2024

Horner’s syndrome is caused by damage to the sympathetic pathway anywhere along its course. The unique association of the sixth nerve palsy with ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome has a localizing value, known as Parkinson’s syndrome. The patient described here had left ptosis, miosis of pupil, and abduction limitation on left gaze. A diagnosis of Parkinson’s syndrome was made. Magnetic resonance angiography confirmed a cavernous lesion. High suspicion is essential for diagnosis of such a variant of Horner’s syndrome.
Bilateral Nevus of Ota with unilateral Nevus of Ito in a child – A case report and review of literature
Authors: Settu Saranya , Bisani Ankita , Chandrasekaran Akila , Muralikrishnan Janani
Published: January 2024

Nevus of Ota, also known as oculodermal melanosis, is a rare dermal melanosis characterized by pigmentation of the sclera and facial skin in the distribution of ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of trigeminal nerve. Nevus of Ito is a dermal melanosis involving the shoulder and upper arm area. Nevus of Ota and Nevus of Ito rarely occur together. We present a case of bilateral Nevus of Ota with unilateral Nevus of Ito and a review of similar case reports in literature.
Recurrent scleral abscess: A unique presentation of latent tuberculosis in the eye
Authors: Anagol Namita C , Kumar Samiksha S , Shahanand Dhwni
Published: January 2024

We report a unique case of a 38-year-old woman treated for left eye (LE) diffuse scleritis with topical steroids and anti-inflammatory tablets. Citing no improvement, she consulted our hospital. Mantoux test was positive. A diagnosis of scleral abscess was made. Abscess sample was negative for bacteria, acid fast bacilli (AFB) and fungi. Based on QuantiFERON-TB (QFT), she was tentatively diagnosed with ocular tuberculosis. Pulmonology consult advised antitubercular treatment (ATT). Patient did not start ATT. Five days later, she presented with a new scleral abscess. Tissue biopsy showed necrotizing granulomas. ATT was started followed by systemic steroids, and the patient recovered completely.