bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Facet of Geumgwan gaya society through their Clay Dolls
Authors: Kim Dabin , Min Gyoengseon
Published: October 2020

Clay Dolls, which means a doll made of earth, was excavated from the Silla area, mainly in Gyeongju. Accordingly, research on clay figurines in Silla has been carried out actively and it would not be too much to say that it was mostly Silla’s clay figurines which have been mostly studied so far. The study of clay figurines of Gaya has been relatively slow, probably due to the fact that the cases of excavations are very limited. Recently, various types of clay figurines have been excavated from the presumed royal palace site of Geumgwan Gaya under the excavation and investigation by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. Earlier in Gimhae, a variety of clay figurines, including character clay figurines, were excavated in an excavation to create a site for a hanok living experience center. Based on these new data, this paper tries to infer the different characters, roles and significance of clay figurines in Gaya society, by studying various kinds of clay figurines excavated from Geumgwan Gaya territory. Bonghwang-dong, which is believed to be the center of Geumgwan Gaya, is a complex of relics including living facilities, hospitality facilities, trading facilities, workshop sites and earthen fortresses. Various clay figurines were excavated at the main sites of Bonghwang-dong s historical site, from which that the people of Gaya used clay dolls to perform ceremonial acts there can be inferred. In Bonghwang-dong sites other than the presumed royal palace ruins, horse shaped clay dolls and the clay dolls resemble utensils used in rituals are usually found. human figured clay dolls, animal figured clay dolls, house figured clay dolls have been excavated around the presumed royal palace ruins within Bonghwang-dong site which differentiates this region from the rest of the site. Along with the presumed royal palace ruins, there is a tendency of various clay figurines being found in the other ruin in the hanok living experience center with multiple purpose relics. In conclusion, there is a possibility that clay dolls had been used to wish for the well-being of the family members by the ruling group, or the well-being of the community at importance areas like the presumed royal palace ruins and the hanok living experience center ruins. This kind of tendency is found in many ruins around the Ancient Gimhae Bay(Gogimhae-Man), which leads to an assertion that various rituals and ceremonial acts had been carried out using clay dolls throughout that area.
The Appearance and Transition of Chief Tomb in Yeongnam Province
Authors: Lee Soohong
Published: October 2020

Social stratification in the Bronze Age and the appearance and transition of chief tombs in the early Iron Age are reviewed based on the ancient tomb data in Yeongnam Province. Chief, which means a ruler of unequal societies, first appeared in the early Iron Age. Evidence to support the appearance is given as follows: the articles from , production and distribution of ironware, construction of tombs for not a community but an individual, and the beginning of trade between local regions. In the late Bronze Age, tomb clusters turned into a common cemetery, and huge dolmens with graveyards were built. With social stratification being intensified, communities would have been maintained by blood ties and regionalism. The construction of huge tombs was for a community, not for a single person. That is, it was the tomb of the leaders, not of a chief. The types of the leader tombs vary depending on the regions: huge dolmens with graveyards in South Gyeongsang Province, and tombs with long-sharpened daggers in Daegu. In the early Iron Age, chief tombs are categorized into a group of dolmens from the patternless earthenware culture and a group of wooden coffin tombs from the Koreanstyle bronze dagger culture. The former group of chief tombs can be seen in huge dolmen areas such as Gimhae Gusan-dong and Changwon Deokcheon-ri archeological sites, and it is more of an individual’s tomb rather than a community’s. The chiefdom of dolmens and the one of wooden coffin tombs coexisted only until the chiefdom of wooden coffin tombs took over the other. In Yeongnam Province, the wooden coffin tombs first appeared in the third century B.C., and the ironware began to be buried in the second century B.C. By the first century B.C., the wooden coffin tombs clustered and the Chinese Han relics began to be buried. This is when the chiefdom was formed and the Bronze Age came to an end. In South Gyeongsang Province, chief tombs are centered in Gimhae. In Daegu-North Gyeongsang Province, chief tombs are distributed by equal intervals on the road connecting Ulsan, Gyeongju, Yeongcheon, Gyeongsan, and Daegu; it is due to the consolidation of foreign negotiation command of a chief.
Period and Development of Attached-Rim Vessels in Northeast China
Authors: Oh Kang Won
Published: October 2020

In the case of attached-rim vessels in Northeast China, the scale of the pottery vessel type was reduced to meet a demand for minimal living of the people at that time due to a way for groups living in low hills of Aohan Qi located in the EastSouth inner Mongolia, and it has emerged from the process of improving the existing double-rimmed deep bowl pottery while focusing on its practicality. Attached-rim vessels that have emerged from Shuiquan Type for the first time spread to regions adjacent to the EastSouth inner Mongolia and the Liaoxi region, attached-rim vessels in the Lioaxi region spread again to the Zhengjiawazi Type located in the midstream of Liao River, and other surrounding areas spread the relevant vessels through the exchange relationship with Zhengjiawazi Type. The attached-rim vessels in Northeast China were distributed only in the Shuiquan Type at the first period(the fifth century B.C.), but in the Zhengjiawazi Type centered in Shenyang at the second period(the fourth century B.C.) as it spread to the triangular area connecting Aohanqi, Kalaqinzuoyi and Ningcheng as well as the Liao River region. At the third stage(the third century B.C.), it became widely distributed mainly in the middle and upper stream regions of Taizi River at Liaoxi and Benxi centered in Chaoyang of Liaoning province and Jilin province, in the middle and upper stream regions from Gou river to Dongliao river, and in the lower and middle stream region of Huifa river). However, at the fourth stage(the first and second centuries B.C.), it was only partially distributed at some sites in the Eastern part of Liaodong and in the South Central of Jilin province, but it finally disappeared.
Urpaqtar sabaqtastyǵy arqyly ulttyq bіregeılіktі saqtaýdaǵy dіnı nanymdardyń rólі [The Role of Religious Beliefs in the Preservation of National Identity Through the Succession of Generations]
Authors:   PhD Doctoral Student, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University  (Kazakhstan, Almaty), e-mail: zamanhankyzy@mail.ru, Imanmoldayeva B.Z.
Published: October 2020

This article analyzes the worldview of our nation formed by generations. The analysis was conducted from the philosophical point of view and on the basis of the particular family’s attitude towards ancient Turk religious beliefs and preservation of national identity. The article also discusses the evidences of ancient people’s faith left on old Turkic manuscripts, and its trail left on the mentality of further generations. Moreover, it was found that the perception of the blue wolf totem, played a significant role in the preservation of the national identity. It was also revealed that a succession of generation to the Sun (Mitra), in ancient Turk worships, has a significance in keeping spiritual unity. As a result, the basic functions of preserving a national identity through succession of faith across generations were suggested. Бұл мақалада халқымыздың дүниетанымындағы ұрпақтар сабақтастығы туралы идеялар сараланды. Оның жеке отбасынан бастау алып, ұлт руханияты арқылы жүзеге асатындығына шолу жасалды, көне түркілік діни сенімдердің ұлттық бірегейлікті сақтай отыра, ұрпақтан-ұрпаққа сабақтасатындығы философиялық тұрғыдан талданды. Көне тәңіршілдік сенімнің көне түркі жазба ескерткіштеріндегі көріністерінің ұрпақтар арқылы жалғасқан менталитеттік көріністері сарапталды. Сонымен қатар, көк бөрі тотемінің көнеден бері сабақтасқан дүниетанымдық қырлары да ұлттық бірегейлікті сақтауға айтарлықтай ықпал еткендігі дәйектелді. Күнге (Митра) табыну дәстүрлері көне түркілік руханияттық бірегейлікті сақтауда айтарлықтай қызмет атқарғандығы да бұл сенімнің сабақтасқандығы бойынша ашып көрсетілді. Нәтижесінде, діни сенімдердің ұрпақтар сабақтастығы арқылы ұлттық бірегейлікті сақтаудағы негізгі қызметтері ұсынылды.
Theoretical foundations of human resource management in terms of innovative development
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University (Kazakhstan, Тurкestan), e-mail: malika.munasipova@ayu.edu.kz, Munassipova M.E. , Ydyrys S.S. ,   Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University (Kazakhstan, Тurкestan), e-mail: serikbay.idiris@ayu.edu.kz
Published: October 2020

The problems of managing the labor market and the employment of the population are given considerable attention by scientists, economists, philosophers, and sociologists. Despite the versatility of research, the problems of human resource management and improving organizational and economic management mechanisms remain insufficiently developed. Only at the regional level of management can we find effective ways to solve the most acute problems of building high-quality labor potential and rational use of labor resources by developing various programs and coordinating the activities of the relevant services. The main discrepancy between the education system and the labor market comes from the lack of forecasting methods in the workforce and imperfections of the mechanisms of social partnership. This is due to the insufficient funding of educational institutions and lack of job security for graduates. In addition, the low level of education of the economically active population of the region, the insufficiently developed training system for innovative industries, the undeveloped employment system for graduates contributing to the imbalance in the labor market, i.e. with a general quantitative prevalence of labor supply over demand, the most important sectors of the economy were not provided with the required amount of qualified specialists. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological aspects of human resources management and labor potential, to develop proposals and recommendations for improving its organizational and economic mechanism.
Sýmı-alfa jáne temekі áserі kezendegі bıohımııalyq qórsetkіshterdіń ózgerýі [Changes in Biochemical Parameters when Exposed to Sumi-alpha and Tobacco]
Authors:   Doctor of Medical Sciences, Khoja Ahmed Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University (Kazakhstan, Turkestan), e-mail: gamal.ashirbekov@ayu.edu.kz, Ashırbekov G.K. , Omaralıev M.I. ,   Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Khoja Ahmed Yassawi International  Kazakh-Turkish University (Kazakhstan, Turkestan), e-mail: omaraliev.mustafa@ayu.edu.kz, Ashırbekova K.J. ,   Candidate of Medical Sciences, Hospital of Invalids of the Patriotic War  (Kazakhstan, Almaty), e-mail: kyralai_ash@mail.ru, Temýrov F.T. ,   Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Khoja Ahmed Yassawi International  Kazakh-Turkish University (Kazakhstan, Turkestan), e-mail: fazliddin.temurov@ayu.edu.kz
Published: October 2020

Influence on the organism of rabbit of the isolated and combined influence of pesticides is shown in experimental work. The different types of insecticides were applied is synthetic preparation production Japan and tobacco dust grown on tobacco plantation on American technology under Almaty. The biochemical indexes of serum of blood were studied for experimental rabbit that was exposed to intoxication during 4th months, with the subsequent monthly period of rehabilitation. Such indexes, as aminotransferases, chlorides, phosphorus, copper, iron and urea, were investigated in the serum of blood for rabbit, that was compared to the control group of animals. It was marked in the total, that experience animals were anymore liable, on the biochemical indexes of serum of blood, combined poisoning, after by a tobacco dust and the least from sumi-alpha. Мақалада ұзақ улану мен қалпына келтіру кезеңі кезіндегі үйқояндары қаны сарысуындағы биохимиялық көрсеткіштерге темекі шаңы мен суми-альфа инсектицидінің аралас және оқшаулана әсер етуі көрсетілген. Әр түрлі инсектицидтердің түрлері қолданылған – бұл Жапонияда өндірілген синтетикалық препарат және Алматы аймағында АҚШ технологиясы бойынша өсірілген темекі шаңы. Үйқояндары қанының сары суының биохимиялық көрсетіштері зерттелген. Олар 4 ай мерзімінде уландырылып, кейін 1 ай ішінде қалпына келтірілді. Үйқояндарының қан сарысуында келесі көрсеткіштер зерттелді: аминотрансфераза, хлоридтер, фосфор, мыс, темір және несепнәр, бақылау тобында салыстырылды. Қорытындысында көрсетілгеніндей, тәжірибеде жануарлардың темекі шаңынан және аз мөлшердегі суми-альфадан араластырылып жасалған уландыруға тез бейім екендігі анықталды. Биохимиялық көрсеткіштері бойынша қан құрамының улануы өте жоғары болды.
Sıntez poverhnostno-aktıvnyh veestv kondensatsıeı sýlfırovannyh fraktsıı pırolıznoı smoly s vodnymı rastvoramı formaldegıda [Synthesis of Surfactants by Condensation of Sulfonated Pyrolysis Resin Fractions with Aqueous Formaldehyde Solutions]
Authors:   Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Khoja Ahmed Yassawi  International Kazakh-Turkish University (Kazakhstan, Turkestan), e-mail: aliev_n_50@mail.ru, Alıev N.Ý. , Iagýdeev T.A. ,   Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor, Almaty Technological University (Kazakstan, Almaty), e-mail: ta_yagudeev@mail.ru, Kojaısakova M.A. ,   Magister, Almaty Technological University (Kazakstan, Almaty), e-mail: madina.69@mail.ru, Mamyrbekova A.K. ,   Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor, Khoja Ahmed Yassawi International  Kazakh-Turkish University (Kazakhstan, Turkestan), e-mail: aizhan.mamyrbekova@ayu.edu.kz
Published: October 2020

Optimal conditions for condensation of sulfonated naphthalene fraction with 40% formaldehyde aqueous solution are found. As a feedstock, a wide fraction (180–240°C) of the pyrolysis resin of hydrocarbon gases selected at the Atyrau processing plant was used. The chemical nature of the synthesized products, which by their properties resemble surfactants of the «necal» type, has been elucidated. It was shown that the synthesized products have well-pronounced surface-active properties and a floating ability in relation to Karatau phosphate ores. High-molecular water-soluble surfactants can also be used as flocculants in various types of water treatment. With their help, wastewater and process water, as well as drinking water are removed pollution in suspended state. Найдены оптимальные условия конденсации сульфированной нафталиновой фракции с 40%-ным водным раствором формальдегида. В качестве исходного сырья использовалась широкая фракция (180–240°С) смолы пиролиза углеводородных газов, отобранной на Атырауском НПЗ. Выяснена химическая природа синтезированных продуктов, которые по своим свойствам напоминают ПАВ типа «некалей». Показано, что синтезированные продукты обладают хорошо выраженными поверхностно-активными свойствами и флотирующей способностью по отношению к фосфатным рудам Каратау. Высокомолекулярные водорастворимые ПАВ могут применяться также как флокулянты в различных видах водоочистки. С их помощью из сточных и технологических вод, а также из питьевой воды удаляют загрязнения, находящиеся во взвешенном состоянии.
Bipolar resistive switching on Ti/TiO2/NiCr memory cells
Authors: Hernandez Rodriguez Eric , Marquez Herrera Alfredo , Melendez Lira Miguel , Valaguez Velazquez Enrique , Zapata Torres Martin
Published: October 2020

We investigated the electric-field-induced resistance-switching behavior of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) cells based on TiO2 thin films fabricated by the reactive RF-sputtering technique. MIM cells were constructed by sandwiched TiO2 thin films between a pair of electrodes; Ti thin films were employed to form an ohmic bottom contact and NiCr thin films were employed to form Schottky top electrodes obtaining Ti/TiO2/NiCr MIM cells. Schottky barrier height for the TiO2/NiCr junction was determined according to the thermionic emission model by using the Cheung´s functions. SEM and Raman analysis of the TiO2 thin films were carried out to ensure the quality of the films. Current-Voltage (I-V) sweeps obtained at room temperature by the application of dc bias showed a bipolar resistive switching behavior on the cells. Both low resistance state (ON state) and high resistance state (OFF state), of Ti/TiO2/NiCr cells are stable and reproducible during a successive resistive switching. The resistance ratio of ON and OFF state is over 103 and the retention properties of both states are very stable after 105 s with a voltage test of 0.1 V.
Sensing parameters as a function of the chemical structure and thickness of two poly(styrene)-type based composites with carbon black
Authors: Dehonor Márquez Ethnice , Vigueras Santiago Enrique , Hernández López Susana , Ramirez Jimenez Alejandro
Published: October 2020

Sensing parameters of polymer composite layers were studied as a function of the polymer matrix structure and the initial resistance of the composite layers. Composites of Poly(styrene) and 4-Chloro-poly(styrene) at the same volume fraction of carbon black (8.7% V/V) were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion. Composite layers with different thicknesses and resistances were deposited by spin coating technique on flexible substrates from commercial cellulose acetate foils.  Both kind of composite layers with  initial resistances of 10, 50 and 100 k? were exposed to Acetone, Tetrahydrofuran, Chloroform and Toluene.  Results evidenced that selectivity is very dependent on the chemical structure of the polymer matrix and sensitivity to the initial film electrical resistance.  PS-based composite series were selective to Tetrahydrofuran whereas that 4ClPS-based composite series were selective to Acetone as expected due to their solubility parameters. For both composite series sensitivity increased for layers with less than 100 k? resistances. For all tested solvents 4ClPS-based composites showed higher sensitivities than PS-based composites.  The response times for both series were into the range of 2 to 150 s and recovery times were in the range of 30 to 2000 s.
Study of the behavior of short chains in print paper subjected to a natural aging
Authors: Martínez Mendoza José , Nieto-Villena Alejandra , De la Cruz-Mendoza José Angel , Ortega-Zarzosa Gerardo , Guerrero-Serrano Azdrubal
Published: October 2020

Degradation of paper through time can be measured by monitoring the intensity changes in the band located at 620 nm of its emission fluorescence spectra. The behavior of this band is closely related to the structural stability of the short cellulose chains. A fast degradation of these cellulose chains, mainly lignin, translates in the rapid denaturation of paper occurring at its first aging state. This work proposes a method to reincorporate short cellulose chains in the structure of aged paper through its immersion during 24 h in a solution based on ethyl alcohol and extracts of wood pieces. Results of fluorescence spectra measurements indicate that the short cellulose chains in the solution get embedded in the old paper, making the shape and intensity of the fluorescence emission spectra peaks of new and old paper almost indistinguishable. This behavior provides a desirable approach to analyze, preserve and restore aged paper documents.
Deposition of SnO2 buffer layer onto commercial conducting glass to be used in thin films solar cells technology
Authors: Melo S , Vigil O , Hernández-Gutiérrez C. A. , Pulgarín-Agudelo F. , Mendoza-Leon Héctor , Rodríguez E.
Published: October 2020

In this work the influence of the deposition of SnO2 buffer layer on the optical, electrical and morphological properties of commercial conducting glasses is presented. Previously the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) were studied in order to determine which is the most appropriate in solar cell applications. The SnO2 thin films were deposited onto glass and commercial conducting glass by pneumatic spray pyrolysis (PSP) and magnetron sputtering techniques and characterized optically and electrically. TCO/buffer bi-layers configuration were processed and characterized through a modified well-known Haccke figure of merit. The results are discussed in terms of considering the usefulness or otherwise of this configuration, depending on the morphological quality of commercial conductive glass in the processing of second-generation solar cells in thin film technology.
Abrasion resistance analysis of coatings at electro-arc spraying using a pulsating spraying airflow
Authors: Zakharova Iryna
Published: October 2020

Abstract. In the global practice of application, more than 50% are metal coatings applied by the method of electric arc metallization, which has the following advantages: high productivity, simplicity of equipment, low power consumption, the ability to 6obtaining coatings with high-performance properties through the use of scarce and inexpensive wires of industrial production.

But the main drawback is the process of oxidation of alloying elements during transportation of molten electrode particles by spraying airflow.

A series of scientists' works are aimed at improving the design of spray heads of electric arc metallizers, which involves improving the design of the air nozzle through the use of inserts and devices providing a change in the spraying airflow, and leads to a significant increase in the price of the process.

 To reduce the oxidizing effect of the spraying airflow on the liquid metal of the electrodes the method of pulsating air injection into the electrode melting zone has been developed.

This paper presents the influence of the pulsating spraying flow on the indicators of abrasive wear and reduction of oxidation of metal particles, at the arc metallization to obtain coatings with the specified properties and application of resource-saving.
Glycolic Acid, Lactic Acid, Mandelic Acid, Salicylic Acid, Citric Acid, Gluconolactone: Skin Exfoliators in Combination Therapy of Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Saxena Vishal , Yadav Krishana
Published: October 2020

Facial acne are a recurring issue in most of the population and can cause disturbing skin issues. A combination of Alpha-hydroxy acids, Beta-hydroxy-acids and Poly-hydroxy acids has become popular for treating acne vulgaris in last few years. The main objective of this research study is to evaluate the efficacy & safety of combination of these acids in the treatment of acne vulgaris. The study was conducted on 12 volunteers having mild to moderate to severe acne. They were divided into 3 groups according to the severity of their facial acne. Members of each group were treated with a series of 30% AHA, 2% BHA and 7% PHA. The improvement in their acne condition as well as skin texture was assessed over a period of 6 weeks.
A Delusion of Control - What happens to a sense of Agency in Schizophrenic patients?
Authors:   University of Cambridge, Thakur Vikram , Smithies Steven
Published: October 2020

The sense of agency is known to be disrupted in Schizophrenia. This article explores the transition from the comparator model to the two-step model of agency, in order to review the paper ‘In and out of control: brain mechanisms linking fluency of action selection to self-agency in patients with Schizophrenia’1. A sense of agency involves using retrospective cues to make causal inferences, but this paper also introduces a new, prospective aspect. This paper shows that subliminal priming, a prospective cue, increases the reported sense of agency over a subsequent action outcome. It also shows that in schizophrenic patients, retrospective cues had more of an influence on their reported sense of agency, while conversely, prospective cues had less influence. This may reflect a greater reliance on retrospective cues in schizophrenia, which could be one of the underlying factors for some of the delusions seen in schizophrenia. Using fMRI measurements during the task, results suggest that angular gyrus activation reflects the experience of non-agency. In healthy controls, they saw altered connectivity between frontal areas and the angular gyrus associated with priming. In schizophrenic patients, there was no effect of priming on activation of the angular gyrus, or frontoparietal connectivity. In our review, we have introduced a putative schema that suggests that the action selection signals from the frontal lobes into the angular gyrus represent the prospective aspect of agency. This connection is disrupted In schizophrenia, and that may be why prospective agency is impaired.
Acoperișul în arhitectura populară românească
Authors:   Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei, Toșa Ioan , Stoica Flavia ,   Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei
Published: October 2020

Based on the information of the Answers to the Questionaire House belonging to the Museum of the Romanian Language in Cluj and on the specialist bibliography in the field, the authors present some aspects concerning the systems of covering used at the Romanian folk architecture, materials used for roof covering and customs related to the roof. Concerning the systems of covering, the authors present the simplest forms of roof where the walls and roof formed a single unity, forms found till late at the temporary shelters (huts, surle, crambe). In addition, there is presented the semicilindric garland rood made by beams cut at the buildings walls with rectangular and pyramidal plan made by beams cut at the buildings with square plan, with there advantages and disadvantages. The authors continue then to focus on the roof with timber, presenting the techniques and forms of the roof frame and the covering materials (straw, shingles, reed, tiles), concluding with the customs related to the roof.
Considerații privind rolul, funcțiile și impactul imaginii filmate în cadrul ritualului de nuntă contemporan
Authors:   Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei, Tötszegi Tekla
Published: October 2020

Cet exposé a pour principale source les produits d’une entreprise spécialisée dans le tournage de films de mariage, actuellement active en milieu urbain et rural à Cluj et dans ses environs. Nous allons observer dans quelle mesure cet instrument de stockage des images symboliques influence la structure de la coutume nuptiale, sa continuité temporelle et spatiale, son casting, mais aussi les similitudes et les différences constatables entre communautés, de point de vue du déroulement d’un mariage traditionnel dans cette zone.
Arhiva etnografico-folclorică a Muzeului Etnografic al Transilvaniei (1922-1951)
Authors:   Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei, Toșa Ioan , Sălăgean Tudor ,   Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei
Published: October 2020

The authors present the activity carried out at the Transylvanian Museum of Ethnography between 1922-1951 to set up an Archive that keep information on material and immaterial folk culture, obtained using the questionnaires as a research method. The following Questionnaires are presented: The list of objects to be collected for the Ethnograpfic Museum (1923), To preserve our artistic monuments (1925), Questionnaire no. 1: Christmas customs (1926), Questionnaire no. 2: Christmas and New Year customs, Young fellowships (1927), The New Year’s Goat Ritual (1927), The House (1931). The answers to these questions were the base for setting up The Museum’s Folklore and Ethnography Archive, that also includes Collections of folkloric materials, Collections of Year’s Events Customs and Seminar Papers made by students on the following topics: Customs throughout the year; Habits in relation to human life; Settlements and House; Village Monographs; Grazing; Folk costumes; Folk medicine; Pottery; Furriery. Among the materials preserved in the Museum’s Archives, the authors present 14 seminar papers on the customs related to human life events (birth, wedding, funeral). In connection with human birth, some popular beliefs and practices are described: from the prenatal period (bans for pregnant women), and from the post-natal period, focusing on the role of the midwife and of the godmother in the first days of the newborn’s life. On the wedding theme, the authors expose the main phases preceeding the wedding: looking for the predestinated spouse, asking in marriage, the engagement, wedding invitations, the preparation of the flag, of the wreath, of the tree and the fir-tree, the wedding ceremony, the wedding party. Regarding the funeral, the authors present beliefs about the signs portending the death (the owlet song, howling dogs, objects falling off the walls), the dying persons’s spiritual preparation (Confession, Communion), physical preparation of the dead person (washing, grooming, dressing), the wake, the funeral service, the burial, alms (highlighting the importance of water as charity for the dead). The authors also present the funeral with fir-tree, for the unmarried young people, known as the dead’s wedding.
Retrieval of process rate parameters in the general dynamic equation for aerosols using Bayesian state estimation
Authors: Ozon Matthew , Seppänen Aku , Kaipio Jari P. , Lehtinen Kari E. J.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The uncertainty in the radiative forcing caused by aerosols and its effect on the climate change calls for research to improve knowledge of the aerosol particle formation and growth processes. While the experimental research has provided large amount of high quality data on aerosols in the last two decades, the inference of the process rates is still inadequate, mainly due to limitations in the analysis of data. This paper focuses on developing computational methods to infer aerosol process rates from size distribution measurements. In the proposed approach, the temporal evolution of aerosol size distributions is modeled with the general dynamic equation equipped with stochastic terms that account for the uncertainties of the process rates. The time-dependent particle size distribution and the rates of the underlying formation and growth processes are reconstructed based on time series of particle analyzer data using Bayesian state estimation – which not only provides (point) estimates for the process rates but also enables quantifying their uncertainties. The feasibility of the proposed computational framework is demonstrated by a set of numerical simulation studies.
FES2014 global ocean tides atlas: design and performances
Authors: Lyard Florent H. , Allain Damien J. , Cancet Mathilde , Carrère Loren , Picot Nicolas
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Since the mid-1990’s, a series of Finite Element Solution (FES) global ocean tidal atlases has been produced and released with the primary objective to provide altimetry missions with tidal de-aliasing correction at the best possible accuracy. We describe the underlying hydrodynamic and data assimilation designs for the last FES2014 release (finalized in early 2016), and some accuracy assessments especially for the altimetry de-aliasing purposes. The FES2014 atlas shows extremely significant improvements compared to the FES2004 (Lyard et al. 2006) and (intermediary) FES2012 atlases, in all ocean regions, especially in shelf and coastal seas; these advances are due to the unstructured grid flexible resolution, recent progress in the (prior to assimilation) hydrodynamic tidal solutions and to the use of an ensemble data assimilation technique. Compared to earlier releases, the FES2014 available tidal constituents spectrum has been significantly extended, the overall resolution augmented; some new additional scientific by-products have been derived from the atlas and are available, including the loading and self-attraction effects, energy diagnostics or the lowest astronomical tides . Compared to the other available global ocean tidal atlases, FES2014 clearly shows improved de-aliasing performances in most of the global ocean areas. It has consequently been integrated in satellite altimetry and gravimetry data processing, and adopted in recently renewed ITRF standards. It also provides very accurate open boundary tidal conditions for regional and coastal modelling.
The Situation of Small and Medium Enterprise Development in Vietnam
Authors: Vu Ngo Van , Trung Nguyen Xuan
Published: October 2020

In the period of 2010-2017, the number of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of Vietnam tended to be increased, accounting for about 98% of the total number of Vietnamese enterprises by the end of December 2017. Vietnam's SMEs are mainly private enterprises operating in the field of commerce and services as well as industry and construction, mostly concentrated in the Southeast and the Red River Delta. In the research period, micro enterprises had experienced a sharp increase in the loss rate, making the loss rate of the whole enterprise soar. In addition, SMEs were increasingly dependent on loans and especially small businesses had less access to bank loans as well as deferred purchase. However, Fixed-charge coverage ratio of SMEs had been improved and the gap between large enterprises and small enterprises had been narrowed.
Electronic Cigarettes: Exposure to secondhand vapors at a long-term healthcare company
Authors: Harris Nicole , Gillespie Gordon Lee , Davis Kermit G.
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Healthcare workers in long term care settings have limited control over their occupational secondhand exposure to electronic cigarettes and other tobacco products.Methods: The study aimed to identify the perceived frequency of exposure to exhaled electronic cigarette vapor on healthcare workers within two sites of a long-term healthcare company. An online survey was completed by 149 (out of approximately 500) employees that asked about electronic cigarette personal usage, concerns for exposure, exposure times, and demographic data.Results: Twelve percent of all survey respondents expressed concerns related to second-hand exposure. Of those exposed, employee estimated exposure time was 2.1 minutes per shift for electronic cigarettes compared to 12.1 minutes per shift for cigarettes/cigars/pipes.Conclusions: Overall self-reported secondhand exposure to electronic cigarettes and cigarettes/cigars/pipes was low. To determine a definitive exposure level, quantitative sampling can be done related to chemical exposure via passive inhalation of the smoke and vapor cloud for cigarettes and electronic cigarettes, respectively. Education can be provided to healthcare workers and residents in long-term care facilities regarding risk of exposure to secondhand smoke to alleviate employees' concerns with exposure.
Mathematical Modelling of COVID-19 and Solving Riemann Hypothesis, Polignac's and Twin Prime Conjectures Using Novel Fic-Fac Ratio With Manifestations of Chaos-Fractal Phenomena
Authors: Ting John Y. C.
Published: October 2020

COVID-19 originated from Wuhan, China in December 2019. Declared by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020; COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented negative global impacts on health and economy. International cooperation is required to combat this ”Incompletely Predictable” pandemic. With manifestations of Chaos-Fractal phenomena, we mathematically model COVID-19 and solve [unconnected] open problems in Number theory using our versatile Fic-Fac Ratio. Computed as Information-based complexity, our innovative Information-complexity conservation constitutes a unique all-purpose analytic tool associated with Mathematics for Incompletely Predictable problems. These problems are literally ”complex systems” containing well-defined Incompletely Predictable entities such as nontrivial zeros and two types of Gram points in Riemann zeta function (or its proxy Dirichlet eta function) together with prime and composite numbers from Sieve of Eratosthenes. Correct and complete mathematical arguments for first key step of converting this function into its continuous format version, and second key step of using our unique Dimension (2x -N) system instead of this Sieve result in primary spin-offs from first key step consisting of providing proof for Riemann hypothesis (and explaining closely related two types of Gram points), and second key step consisting of providing proofs for Polignac’s and Twin prime conjectures.
Grundrechtsbindung der Bundeswehr im Ausland
Authors: Link Maximilian
Published: October 2020

Die Arbeit untersucht, ob und inwieweit die deutsche Bundeswehr auch im Ausland an die Grundrechte des Grundgesetzes gebunden ist und was sich insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Notwendigkeit einer einfachgesetzlichen Grundlage aus einer solchen Bindung für Konsequenzen ergeben. Während die notwendige Parlamentsbeteiligung für Auslandseinsätze der Bundeswehr heute gesetzlich geregelt ist, ist die Fragestellung nach den konkreten Befugnissen noch fern einer abgeschlossenen Klärung. Die Frage danach ist besonders nach dem BND-Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts von höchster Aktualität.
Arbeitnehmerüberlassung beim Arbeitskampf im Entleiherbetrieb
Authors: Sundermann David
Published: October 2020

Die Aufrechterhaltung der Arbeitsabläufe stellt das Interesse eines jeden Arbeitgebers während eines Arbeitskampfes dar. Hierzu bedienten sich Arbeitgeber unter anderem des Einsatzes von Leiharbeitnehmern als Streikbrecher. Diese Möglichkeit entzog der Gesetzgeber Arbeitgebern durch die Novellierung des § 11 Abs. 5 AÜG. Mit Blick auf die hierbei zugrunde gelegten Gesetzesmotive wird in dieser Arbeit die arbeitskampfrechtliche Stellung von Leiharbeitnehmern im Entleiherbetrieb beleuchtet und eine vertiefte Prüfung der Vereinbarkeit mit höherrangigem Recht vorgenommen. Außerdem werden ausführlich Voraussetzungen, Reichweite und Rechtsfolgen des neu eingeführten Einsatzverbotes sowie des beibehaltenen Leistungsverweigerungsrechts untersucht.
Estimation for Motion in Tracking and Detection Objects with Kalman Filter
Authors: Salhi Afef , Ghozzi Fahmi , Fakhfakh Ahmed
Published: October 2020

The Kalman filter has long been regarded as the optimal solution to many applications in computer vision for example the tracking objects, prediction and correction tasks. Its use in the analysis of visual motion has been documented frequently, we can use in computer vision and open cv in different applications in reality for example robotics, military image and video, medical applications, security in public and privacy society, etc. In this paper, we investigate the implementation of a Matlab code for a Kalman Filter using three algorithm for tracking and detection objects in video sequences (block-matching (Motion Estimation) and Camshift Meanshift (localization, detection and tracking object)). The Kalman filter is presented in three steps: prediction, estimation (correction) and update. The first step is a prediction for the parameters of the tracking and detection objects. The second step is a correction and estimation of the prediction parameters. The important application in Kalman filter is the localization and tracking mono-objects and multi-objects are given in results. This works presents the extension of an integrated modeling and simulation tool for the tracking and detection objects in computer vision described at different models of algorithms in implementation systems.
Intensity Of Soccer Players´ Training Load In Small–Sided Games With Different Rule Modifications
Authors: Nagy Nikolas , Holienka Miroslav , Babic Matej
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The aim of this research was to make reference to the difference in heart rate values (HR) of soccer players in small-sided games (SSG) with different rule modifications. We assumed that the permitted number of ball touches in SSGs will significantly affect the internal load of participating soccer players’ organism. Methods: The experimental group consisted of older junior players (U19) from the FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda soccer club (n=6). The HR values were evaluated on the basis of collected data, which were obtained using sport testers and special software. In order to find out the statistical significance of the difference in HR the one-way ANOVAand the Bonferroni post hoc test was used. The level of statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: We found out that by the change of the SSG rules, the internal reaction of players´ organism to training load was at different level. In the SSG1, where players were permitted only one ball contact during the SSG, the highest achieved average HR value of the moni-tored players’ (160.08 9.27 beats.min-1) was recorded. This form of the SSGs was the most intense for the players’cardiovascular system. However, there were no significant differences in HR values among the different types of the SSGs. Conclusions: Our recommendation is to employ small forms of SSGs (3 vs. 3) with different rule modifications in the systematic training process, because by the means of it we can ad-equately prepare the players for the real competitive match demands.
Internal Load Of Soccer Goalkeepers During A Training Process
Authors: Babic Matej , Holienka Miroslav , Nagy Nikolas
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The main aim of our research was to determine the internal load of goalkeepers in the soccer training process. The internal load of goalkeepers during the training process is examined according to the achieved values of heart rate. Our goal was to expand the knowl-edge of the impact of different methodical forms on the goalkeepers’ internal load in soccer, thereby support the possibilities of improving their training process. The assumption was that the goalkeepers would achieve significantly different heart rate values in different methodical forms. Methods: The research group was formed by six elite youth soccer goalkeepers (n=6) from U16, U17 and U19 categories. In order to evaluate the heart rate was used the POLAR PRO heart rate monitor and the loading zones of goalkeepers were determined by using a pro-gram called POLAR Team2. Subsequently, the obtained data were evaluated by using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test and Cohen´s „r “(effect size). Results: The average difference in HRavg during preparatory exercise and small-sided game was 25 ± 9 beats.min-1, and the average difference in HRmax was 35 ± 12 beats.min-1. During preparatory exercise achieved the goalkeepers’ value of HRavg 134 ± 8 beats.min-1 and in small-sided game was HRavg 159 ± 8 beats.min-1. In individual methodical forms were found significantly different average heart rate values (z = -2.201, p < 0.05, r = 0.9), which statisti-cally and logically confirmed our assumption. Conclusion: Monitoring of soccer goalkeepers´ internal load in the process of training and improvement of game activities can greatly help the coaches in further planning, optimiza-tion and tracking of the training process. Based on our research´s results is recommended to monitor and evaluate the internal load intensity of goalkeepers using sporttesters during entire training process.
Chosen Problems of Physical Education in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kotlík Kamil
Published: October 2020

The main topic of the paper is the analysis of a state of physical education in primary and secondary education in the Czech Republic. The paper is engaged in an issue of the pupils (and their legal representatives) approach to the physical education as well as of the curricu-lar grounding of the physical education. The next viewpoint is an analysis of a general social and individual value of physical education with the respect to a quality of life of a certain in-dividual. As the last but not the least thing is that the paper evaluates current attitudes to the physical education. The main goal of the paper is to analyse some of main problems to which the physical educa-tion in the Czech primary and secondary education currently is facing (namely big increase of exemption in secondary school and motivation to attend physical education classes). Partial goals are on one hand to uncover less obvious problems connected with above-mentioned, on the other hand point out some of the causes of a current state of physical education. The last partial goal is to offer a possibilities of a solution of the certain state. The methodological background of the paper has a qualitative character, while the main method is the content analysis when the inductive approach prevails. A reason for using such method is its suitability for processing a new topic. Further, due to the interpretation of gained data we use also the phenomenological approach. Except of aforementioned, we realized open interviews with Heads of schools. The author finds out that the physical education is currently facing to serious problems when some of them markedly overlaps the sphere of the physical education and their solution is not committed only to the sphere of physical education. Among the other things, these problems may negatively influence a quality of life of the Czech population. Finally, the paper offers possibilities of solution of a current negative evolution.
Relationships between physical activity, motor performance and body composition in school-age children
Authors: Čech Pavol , Ružbarský Pavel
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) performed at recommended levels is associated with mul-tiple health benefits. However, as indicated by the available studies, the volume of habitual physical activity of children continuously decreases. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between physical activity per-formed by school-age population and indicators of motor performance and body composition. Methods: The research group consisted of 144 students of the primary school assigned into groups according to the years of study (first, fifth and eighth-year students). The amount of physical activity was examined through a non-direct method, using Fels PAQ, recording four scores, namely sport index, leisure index, work (chore) index and total score. Body composition was tested using a direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectric impedance analysis (DSM-BIA). Motor performance was assessed in four categories. Endurance and strength endurance were assessed using Jacik’s motor test; strength abilities were measured using a hand grip test; speed abilities were tested in linear sprints at 5 and 10 meters and in the test of speed with changes of direction at 4 x 10 m and, finally, explosive strength was assessed from results of the countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ) and 10-second repeated jumps tests. The strength of association between the selected factors was determined from the results using the Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. Results: The amount of physical activity was mainly associated with the indicators of active body mass (fat free mass, skeletal muscle mass) in all age categories. Low association was found in the parameters of adipose tissue (body fat percentage, visceral fat level). When assessing the strength of association between the characteristics of motor performance and physical activity performed, we observed various courses of associations, based on which it is not possible to determine the tendency. When assessing the relationship between the amount of physical activity and motor performance of students regardless of age, we found medium association only with indicators of strength abilities (hand grip test) and characteris-tics of speed abilities. Conclusions: The results are not explicit but they point to some tendencies in relationships between habitual physical performance and body composition indicators. With respect to mo-tor performance, it is not possible to consider these results decisive; therefore, further data collection and more accurate assessment of relationships are necessary.