bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Active Contour Model for Brain Tumor Segmentation
Authors: Naik Gunjan , Abhyankar Aditya , Garware Bhushan , Kelkar Shubhangi
Published: December 2022

For accurately diagnosing the severity of brain tumors in MRI images, Glioma segmentation is a significant step. The Glioma segmentation is due to noise and weak edges of organs in medical images. The geodesic active contour model (GACM) is a standard method for the segmentation of complex organ structures based on edge maps. The GACM performs poorly due to this noise and weak edges. So, the authors propose a method that uses adaptive kernels instead of a constant kernel for creating strong edge maps for GACM. The kernels used in phase congruency are Log Gabor kernels, which resemble similar anisotropic properties like Gabor kernels. They have replaced these with adaptive kernels. This adaptive kernel-based phase congruency provides a robust edge map to be used in GACM. Experimentation shows that when compared with state-of-the-art edge detection techniques, adaptive kernels enhance the weak as well as strong edges and improve the overall performance. Moreover, the proposed methodology substantially requires fewer parameters compared to existing ACM methods.
An Improved Face-Emotion Recognition to Automatically Generate Human Expression With Emoticons
Authors: Mallikarjuna Basetty , Ram M Sethu , Addanke Supriya
Published: December 2022

Any human face image expression naturally identifies expressions of happy, sad etc.; sometimes human facial image expression recognition is complex, and it is a combination of two emotions. The existing literature provides face emotion classification and image recognition, and the study on deep learning using convolutional neural networks (CNN), provides face emotion recognition most useful for healthcare and with the most complex of the existing algorithms. This paper improves the human face emotion recognition and provides feelings of interest for others to generate emoticons on their smartphone. Face emotion recognition plays a major role by using convolutional neural networks in the area of deep learning and artificial intelligence for healthcare services. Automatic facial emotion recognition consists of two methods, such as face detection with Ada boost classifier algorithm and emotional classification, which consists of feature extraction by using deep learning methods such as CNN to identify the seven emotions to generate emoticons.
Kid-Learn
Authors: Kumar Bimal aklesh , Goundar Munil Shiva
Published: December 2022

Mobile language learning (MLL) has become an active area of research. This paper reports on the development of a MLL application to teach basic English language skills to pre-schoolers. The MLL application provides an opportunity for students to gain skills such as reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Designing science research was adopted to provide methodological support to structure our work. The MLL application was developed following the five activities (explicate problem, requirements definition, design and develop artifact, demonstrate artifact, and evaluate artifact) of the design science research methodology. The key findings of the study revealed that mobile phones are an effective tool in the language learning domain, and the proposed MLL application can be used to teach basic language skills to pre-school students with ease.
Strong Robustness Watermarking Algorithm Based on Lifting Wavelet Transform and Hessenberg Decomposition
Authors: Li Fan , Gao Lin , Wang Junfeng , Yan Ruixia
Published: December 2022

Watermark imperceptibility and robustness in the present watermarking algorithm based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) could be weakened due to data truncation. To solve this problem, a strong robustness watermarking algorithm based on the lifting wavelet transform is proposed. First, the color channels of the original image are separated, and the selected channels are processed through lifting wavelet transform to obtain low-frequency information. The information is then split into blocks, with Hesseneberg decomposition performed on each block. Arnold algorithm is used to scramble the watermark image, and the scrambled watermark is transformed into a binary sequence that is then embedded into the maximum element of Hessenberg decomposed matrix by quantization modulation. The experimental results exhibit a good robustness of this new algorithm in defending against a wide variety of conventional attacks.
Research on Intelligent Medical Engineering Analysis and Decision Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Juan Bao , Min Tuo , Ting Hou Meng , Yu Li Xi , Qun Wang
Published: December 2022

With the increasing amount of medical data and the high dimensional and diversified complex information, based on artificial intelligence and machine learning, a new way is provided that is multi-source, heterogeneous, high dimensional, real-time, multi-scale, dynamic, and uncertain. Driven by medical and health big data and using deep learning theories and methods, this paper proposes a new mode of “multi-modal fusion-association mining-analysis and prediction-intelligent decision” for intelligent medicine analysis and decision making. First, research on “multi-modal fusion method of medical big data based on deep learning” explores a new method of medical big data fusion in complex environment. Second, research on “dynamic change rules and analysis and prediction methods of medical big data based on deep learning” explores a new method for medical big data fusion in complex environment. Third, research on “intelligent medicine decision method” explores a new intelligent medicine decision method.
What Information Do We Have on People's Willingness to Pay on Reducing Plastic Shopping Bags?
Authors: Wu Rongxin , Lin Boqiang
Published: December 2022

The Chinese government implemented the payment system for plastic shopping bags in 2008 and 2020. This study aims to analyze consumers' perceptions and purchase willingness of plastic shopping bags. Using information technology, a random survey was carried out in Chinese first-tier cities. After collecting the rich first-hand data, the ordered Logit model is applied to conduct the empirical investigation. The results show that the average willingness to pay is roughly equal to what supermarkets charge. For socio-demographic characteristics, male, younger, and higher-income consumers are likely to pay more money. Consumers with more positive perceptions of policy support, environmental threat, personal ability, and charging benefits tend to pay higher fees. Moreover, the marginal influence of different variables on purchase willingness is heterogeneous. This study finally puts forward targeted suggestions for reducing plastic shopping bag consumption based on findings.
A Study of Patient’s Perspectives Regarding the Adequacy of the Informed Consent Process before a Caesarean Section
Authors: Verma Mayuri , Rajaratnam Annie
Published: December 2022

Background:

A better diagnosis, early referral, and greater health-care coverage have increased cesarean deliveries at tertiary care hospitals in India. While most cesareans are done in good faith, it does not escape the purview of consumer awareness and protection. Our study aims to audit the awareness, understanding, and adequacy among patients about informed consent (IC) before cesarean sections.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study. A detailed questionnaire was given to 150 postcesarean patients from July 2016 to July 2017. The questionnaire was then evaluated, and the inference was drawn based on the patients’ answers.

Results:

About 84.6% of patients knew the exact indication. About 79.3% were well explained the procedure. Ninety-six percentage were satisfied with the outcome of the procedure. Eighty-four percentage preferred the same institute for their subsequent delivery. Twelve percentage reported that consent was forcibly taken. Ninety-four percentage were unaware about the intraoperative complications. Only 4.6% were explained about the preferred mode of delivery for the next pregnancy. Ninety-two percentage wanted a vaginal delivery for the subsequent pregnancy.

Conclusion:

Thus, an adequate IC during antenatal visits brings about awareness about the risks and complications of cesarean section and helps better decision-making.
The Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021: A Step in the Right Direction
Authors: Jamwal Vishan Dev Singh , Yadav Arun Kumar
Published: December 2022

The Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021, was passed on December 20, 2021 by an act of Parliament to regulate the functioning of assisted reproductive technology (ART) clinics and ART banks in the country. Since the dawn of in vitro fertilization (IVF), there has been a mushrooming of ART clinics in the country. There was need to supervise and regulate the functioning of these clinics and to safeguard the rights of women undergoing fertility treatment at these centers. The passing of this Act will go a long way in the better supervision, regulation, licensing, and smooth functioning of ART clinics and ART banks. The Act also brings into its ambit the controversial treatment of surrogacy and hence ensures protection of the rights of surrogate mothers. Moreover, strict implementation of the act will guarantee the success of the treatment within the legal and ethical framework.
Solitary Penile Metastasis from Prostate Cancer on 18F-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
Authors: Dhull Varun Singh , Kshirsagar Pankaj , Chowhan Manoranjan , Patil Swapnil Chandrakant
Published: December 2022

We report a case of a 66-year-old man with prostate cancer who underwent 18F-prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography for baseline staging that revealed primary lesion in prostate gland along with a solitary metastatic deposit in the penile shaft. Penile metastasis is rare and usually associated with widespread metastatic disease. Solitary penile metastasis is even rarer and can present as a unifocal, multifocal, or diffuse lesion. Early detection is important in guiding treatment and preventing complications.
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed Playing Hide and Seek
Authors: Khurana Aditi , Ravindra Shubha Gadde , Garg Sumit , Jaleel Jasim , Yadav Devendra Kumar , Kumar Rakesh
Published: December 2022

A 13-year-old adolescent male presented with an episode of rectal bleed. He has had five such episodes in the past year where he witnessed black tarry stools mixed with fresh blood, painless, not associated with fever or hematemesis. Clinical examination revealed pallor and a soft, non-tender abdomen. Vitals were stable. Blood investigations revealed haemoglobin of 102g/L, WBC count of 10 X 109/L and platelet count of 165 × 109/L. The clotting screen was normal. Upper GI endoscopy and colonoscopy revealed no abnormality. The patient underwent Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy to look for Meckel's Diverticulum in view of painless lower GI bleed.
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography Interpretation Criteria for the Assessment of Therapeutic Response in Patients with Advanced Stage of Lung Cancer
Authors: Mazzoletti Angelica , Gazzilli Maria , Albano Domenico , Giubbini Raffaele , Bertagna Francesco
Published: December 2022

Aim:

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) is useful in the evaluation of lung cancer (LC), both for staging and therapy assessment. However, for the evaluation of treatment response, shared criteria are not available. We proposed a 3-point score, similar to Deauville-score and compared its diagnostic accuracy with Hopkins criteria for the evaluation of treatment response in LC to validate a qualitative and simpler interpretation system.

Methods:

We retrospectively included 93 patients with advanced stage (III-IV) LC who underwent 18F-FDG-PET/CT after first-line treatment. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans were interpreted according to a 3-point scale-like Deauville score criteria (score 1 = uptake lower than blood-pool activity; score 2 = uptake higher than blood-pool but lower than liver activity; score 3 = uptake higher than liver). Inter-reader variability was assessed using percent agreement and kappa statistics. Kaplan–Meier plots with a Mantel-Cox log-rank test were performed, considering death as the endpoint.

Results:

The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of like Deauville-like score criteria were 82,76% (95% confidence interval [CI] 70.5%–91.4%), 80% (95% CI 28.3%–99%), 97.9% (95% CI 89.2%–99.6%), 28.6%(95% CI 16.38%–44.9%), and 82.5% (95% CI 70.9–90.9%), respectively. Applying Hopkins criteria score we obtained sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of 81% [95% CI 68.6%–90.1%), 100% (95% CI 47.2–100%), 100% (95% CI %), 31.3% (95% CI 21.0%–43%), and 82.5%(95% CI 70.9%–90.9%), respectively. There was a high agreement between the two readers both using Hopkins criteria (k = 0.912) and like-Deauville-score criteria (k = 0.956). Applying 3-point-scale criteria, patients with positive PET/CT after therapy had significantly shorter lower survival (P = 0.0021).

Conclusion:

The application of 3-point scale criteria for posttherapy assessment in patients with advanced stage of LC represents an easy and reproducible method with optimal inter-observer agreement and great PPV and accuracy.
“Ebstein's Anomaly” a Potential Cause of Misinterpretation on Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Bishnoi Komal , Parida Girish Kumar , Emerson Ralph , Agrawal Kanhaiyalal
Published: December 2022

Ebstein's anomaly is a rare congenital heart disease. We present the case of a 47-year-old woman with history of Ebstein's anomaly who was referred to nuclear medicine department for a myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging during pre-anesthetic check-up. Myocardial SPECT perfusion images with (99mTc)-Sestamibi demonstrated medium sizes fixed perfusion defect in the mid and proximal infero-septal wall adjacent inferior wall. This is a cause of potential misinterpretation on myocardial SPECT perfusion imaging as this perfusion defect was due to fibrosis rather than scarred myocardium.
Compression of 99mTc Methylene Diphosphonate Bone Scan Images using Discrete Cosine Transformation
Authors: Pandey Anil Kumar , Yadav Priya , Chaudhary Jagrati , Sharma Param Dev , Jaleel Jasim , Patel Chetan , Bal Chandra Sekhar , Kumar Rakesh
Published: December 2022

Aims and Objectives:

The objective of this study was to find the optimum value of threshold for compression of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scan images using discrete cosine transformation (DCT).

Materials and Methods:

DCT was applied to 51 99mTc-MDP bone scan images and then the image of logarithmic value of DCT coefficients was inspected to determine the threshold. After inspecting the number of images of DCT coefficients, we estimated the appropriate value of the threshold to be 10. After the application of threshold = 10, compressed image was reconstructed by applying the inverse DCT. Compression factor was calculated by dividing the nonzero element after thresholding to the nonzero element before thresholding DCT coefficients. Nuclear medicine physicians compared the compressed images with its input images and labeled them as acceptable or unacceptable. During comparison of input and compressed images, we considered points such as smoothening, blocking artifacts, body contour, gap between closely placed lesions, and detectability of lesion.

Results:

Forty-four compressed images (out of 51 images) obtained at threshold 10 were acceptable to Nuclear Medicine Physician (NMP). Compressed images were less noisy compared to its input image. Compression factor was found to be 13.03 ± (minimum = 2.71, maximum = 42.92).

Conclusion:

The optimum value of threshold for compression of 99mTc-MDP bone scan images was found to be 10, and the average compression factor achieved was equal to 13.03 (92.30%).
68Ga-Tetraazacyclododecane Tetraacetic Acid-DPhe1-Tyr3-Octreotate Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomographic Findings of Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung in a Child
Authors: Filizoglu Nuh , Kesim Selin , Ozguven Salih
Published: December 2022

Primary lung cancers in children are rare, and most children are diagnosed incidentally while being investigated for another medical problem. The diagnosis of primary lung tumors in children is very difficult because many children are asymptomatic until the advanced stages of the disease and nonspecific imaging findings. Although the usage of 68Ga-tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid-DPhe1-Tyr3-octreotate (68Ga-DOTATATE) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in adult patients is well known, it is a relatively new imaging modality for the pediatric patient group. Herein, we presented a unique case of large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung in a child on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT.
Relapsed Carcinoma Cervix Presented with Multiple Rare Visceral Metastases
Authors: Saini Vivek Kumar , Markam Kanishk , Nazar Aftab Hasan , Ora Manish , Gambhir Sanjay
Published: December 2022

Carcinoma cervix spread to locoregional lymph nodes. Distance metastases are uncommon and occur through hematogenous routes in advanced stages. The common sites include bone and lungs. Another organ involvement is uncommon. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging have a crucial role in diagnosing local and distant metastasis. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (18F-FDG PET/CT) is a sensitive molecular imaging modality for various cancers, including gynecological ones. We present a case of recurrent cervical carcinoma presented with cervical mass and several rare visceral metastases. 18F-FDG PET/CT is a whole-body modality that accurately localized all lesions in a single study.
Renal Dynamic Image Compression using Singular Value Decomposition
Authors: Chaudhary Jagrati , Pandey Anil Kumar , Sharma Param Dev , Patel Chetan , Kumar Rakesh
Published: December 2022

Aims and Objective:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the compression of renal dynamic (RD) study images using singular value decomposition (SVD) technique.

Materials and Methods:

4600 images of fifty RD study were compressed by using SVD technique. Two Nuclear Medicine (NM) Physicians compared compressed images with their corresponding input images and labeled these as acceptable or unacceptable. The SVD computation time and compression ratio were calculated for each image. The quality of compressed image was also assessed objectively using the following image quality metrics: Error, structural similarity (SSIM), Brightness, global contrast factor, contrast per pixel (CPP), and blur. The error in split function (i.e., the error between split function calculated from compressed image and split function calculated from original image) was computed for every RD study. Wilcoxon signed-rank test with continuity correction was applied to find a statistically significant difference in ROI counts on compressed and original image at.

Results:

As per NM physicians compressed image frames look identical to the original image frames. Objectively the compressed images were brighter, less noisy, and also have better CPP. Based on the visual assessment, time activity curve generated from original and compressed image frames was identical. There was insignificant difference of ROI counts between the input and compressed image frames of 99m-Tc LLEC RD Study. There was no significant difference between the split renal function estimated from original and its compressed RD study. The average SSIM value, average compression ratio, and SVD computation time were found to be 0.7521, 1.475, and 0.1200.

Conclusions:

Visually, compressed image was identical to the original image. The percentage compression achieved was found to be up to 58% (compression factor achieved = 1.57). The SVD computation time was approximately 0.12 s for 64 × 64 matrix size image frame.
AuntMinnie Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography Leads to Diagnosis of Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease
Authors: Joshi Prathamesh Vijay , Nikalje Anand Maruti , Kulkarni Mukta , Borde Neha Deepak
Published: December 2022

A 61-year-old male underwent fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) for evaluation of fever and weight loss with clinical suspicion of occult malignancy or tuberculosis. The scan showed hypermetabolism in bilateral submandibular salivary glands, biliary radicles, pancreas, bilateral kidneys, prostate, and multiple lymph nodes. Based on the concomitant involvement of these sites, suspicion of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease was raised in PET-CT report. Further evaluation with serum IgG4 levels and histopathology of the submandibular salivary gland confirmed the diagnosis of IgG4-related disease. The ability of FDG PET-CT to evaluate the whole-body status of disease played a crucial role in this case.
Comparison of Block Characteristics in Continuous Spinal Anesthesia and Continuous Epidural Anesthesia for Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgeries
Authors: Shah Pratibha Jain , Shah Ketan , Vipul Nikita , Agrawal Pratiksha
Published: December 2022

Background:

Continuous epidural anesthesia (CEA) is commonly used in routine practice even though it needs a higher dose of local anesthetics (LA) and is sometimes associated with a patchy or unilateral block. Despite advantages, continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA) is underutilized because of concern related to infection and postdural puncture headache. Our aim was to compare the block characteristics and hemodynamic changes following CSA and CEA in lower limb orthopedic surgeries.

Materials and Methods:

After approval from the Institutional Scientific and Ethics Committee and Registration with (Clinical Trials Registry of India/2021/02/031575), a prospective, double-blind, randomized study was conducted in 144 patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists I-II, aged 18–65 years, scheduled for lower limb orthopedic surgeries. Patients were randomly divided into two groups according to anesthesia technique used (n = 72), i.e., Group CSA and Group CEA. Block characteristics, hemodynamic variables, intraoperative LA requirement, and complications were recorded.

Results:

Demographic and surgical data, grade of sensory and motor blockade, and incidence of complications were comparable in both the groups. Induction time was significantly shorter in CSA (8.14 ± 0.88 min vs. 15.75 ± 3.29 min, P < 0.0001). Performance time (5.31 ± 0.92 min vs. 4.92 ± 1 min; P = 0.008), duration of blockade (68.3 ± 4.23 min vs. 65.54 ± 4 min; P < 0.0001), and analgesia (230.48 ± 40.76 min vs. 222.86 ± 39.79 min; P = 0.024) were significantly longer in CSA. A significant fall in diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure occurred in CEA. LA requirement was significantly lower in CSA (11.62 ± 2.5 mg vs. 65.35 ± 7.71 mg; P < 0.00001).

Conclusions:

Considering shorter induction time, prolonged sensory blockade, and analgesia with greater hemodynamic stability, CSA could be preferred over CEA for lower limb orthopedic surgeries.
Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure Changes with Pneumoperitoneum and Steep Head Down Position in Patients Undergoing Robotic Urogynecological Surgeries – A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Meghana Nagarapu Divya , Bharadwaj Manoj Kumar , Goel Nitesh , Shukla Seema
Published: December 2022

Background:

The abdominal insufflation in the laparoscopic surgery has been reported to result in an increase in endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff pressure (Pcuff). However, the effect of Trendelenburg, lithotomy and pneumoperitoneum on the ETT Pcuff in robotic urogynaecology surgeries are not well established.

Aim:

Analyse the changes in ETT cuff pressure during robotic urognaecological surgery.

Primary Objective:

1. The changes in ETT cuff pressure after creation of pneumoperitoneum. 2. The changes in ETT cuff pressure after change in position of the patient.

Secondary Objectives:

1. To correlate the changes in ETT cuff pressure with airway pressure. 2. To correlate the changes in ETT cuff pressure with BMI.

Methods:

Sixty patients undergoing elective robotic urogynaecology surgeries were enrolled in the study. ETT Pcuff during different time points was measured and analysed. Also, the change in ETT Pcuff was correlated with the airway pressure (Paw).

Results:

The difference in ETT Pcuff, before and after lithotomy, pneumoperitoneum and the Trendelenburg position were 1.1 ± 0.7 cmH2O, 4.6 ± 1.0 cmH2O and 1.8 ± 0.8 cmH2O respectively and were statistically significant (probability: P < 0.05). Results obtained after reversing patient position from Trendelenburg position to supine, abdominal deflation and from lithotomy to supine respectively were -2.2 ± 1.4 cmH2O, -4.1 ± 1.0 cmH2O and -0.4 ± 0.8 cmH2O respectively (P < 0.05). The Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation (r) between Pcuff and Paw after lithotomy, pneumoperitoneum, and Trendelenburg position respectively were 0.606, 0.661 and 0.309. Freidman's nonparametric repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze differences between related Pcuff values over different time points. Overall P value was significant (P < 0.00001).

Conclusion:

An increase in ETT cuff pressure is seen in robotic laparoscopic surgeries after abdominal insufflation, Trendelenburg position and lithotomy position.
Incessant Menace of Airway Obstruction with Flexometallic Endotracheal Tube
Authors: Kerai Sukhyanti , Singh Upasana , Manchanda Vineet , Saxena Kirti N.
Published: December 2022

Flexometallic endotracheal tubes (ETT) are preferred over standard Polyvinyl Chloride ETTs in cases where intraoperatively there is limited airway access to the anaesthesiologist. As they are comparatively expensive, it is common practice to reuse them after sterilization. Here we describe a case where a flexometallic ETT was used in a case of tonsillectomy after a through visual inspection to rule out any structural deformity. Intraoperatively ETT itself led to airway obstruction mimicking bronchospasm.
Anesthetic Management of a Patient with Erythema Multiforme for Emergency Appendectomy
Authors: Saha Mousumi , Mehra Ankur , Saxena Kirti N. , Wadhwa Bharti
Published: December 2022

Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute, immune-mediated, mucocutaneous disease, caused by several factors such as infections, drugs, malignancy, autoimmune disease, radiation, and immunization. The anesthetic concerns in these patients include possibility of difficult airway, intraoperative steroid supplementation, avoidance of precipitating drugs, intraoperative arrhythmias, perioperative skin, and eye care. A 13-year-old boy, a known case of EM with a history of recurrent ocular herpes and impaired vision along with fibrosis at the bilateral angle of the mouth underwent emergency open appendectomy under spinal anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia with injection hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.5%) is a safe and suitable alternative in a patient with EM with recurrent herpes simplex virus.
Yellow-tinged Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Minz Evelyn Eliza , Chilkoti Geetanjali Tolia , Mundael Nikita , De Anusha , Nandnan Janaki
Published: December 2022

Isolated subarachanoid hemorrhage (SAH) could be one of the few causes of xanthochromia or yellow coloured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). An incidental finding of yellow coloured CSF poses a dilemma to the anaesthesiologist in proceeding with the subarachnoid block (SAB) The present case report discusses the causes and implication of this incidental finding and highlights upon the evidence in literature in this context.
Hydrochemical characterization and evaluation of groundwater quality of zamfara area, northwest, nigeria
Authors: A. M. Shuaibu , M. L. Garba , I. Y. Abubakar
Published: December 2022

This study deals with hydrochemical assessment of groundwater within the lithological framework underlain Zamfara State, Northwestern Nigeria with the aim of ascertaining its suitability for human consumption. Groundwater samples were collected from boreholes tapping the aquifer of the area and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters, such as total dissolve solids, electrical conductivity (Ec), pH, temperature, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3, Cl-, SO4, NO3, PO4, and trace elements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb and Cr). The results obtained were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis, water quality index method, and hydrochemical variation plots for proper characterization. As far as suitability is concerned most of the studied physic-chemical parameters trace elements (iron, lead and chromium ions) revealed average concentrations lower than the permissible limit set for domestic water use by World Health Organization. However, the compiled overall water quality index for the studied groundwater shows ‘very poor water quality’. Due to the fact that WQI rating reflect the composite influence of different water quality parameters. The result of the multivariate statistical analysis, as applied to the chemical data set of the studied groundwater provides an insight into the underlying controlling hydrochemical processes in the area. Four factors including factor-1 (total hardness, chloride, nitrate, manganese, bicarbonate and alkalinity), factor-2 (TDS, conductivity, total hardness, magnesium and calcium), factor-3 (Temperature, sodium, potassium, copper, zinc, iron and chromium), factor-4 (calcium, magnesium and nitrate) represents the signatures from dissolution of bedrock through which the groundwater passes, ionic mixing, leaching from the lateritic overburden, agricultural activities (fertilizer application) and effluent from waste dumpsites in the study area. The distribution of major ions in the groundwater shows relative abundance of cations: Na++K+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+; while the relative abundance of the anions is: Cl- > HCO3- > SO42-. Groundwater in the aquifer of the study area are majorly of evolved type with mixing of ionic concentrations. Alkali’s are more in abundant to that of alkaline earth, while Cl and HCO3 dominate SO4 and NO3 concentration. The water samples are basically ‘Alkali waters’ with ‘Earth Alkaline’ components that are predominantly HCO3- and Cl-.The relative abundance of the three (3) dominant water types are as thus: Na-HCO3-Cl > Ca-Mg-HCO3-Cl > Na-Ca-Cl. Simple mineral dissolution or mixing processes is mainly responsible for the variation in the hydrochemistry of the groundwater of the study area.
Application of spectral analysis to determine the magnetic source depths in ibarapa district, oyo state, sw nigeria
Authors: E. Daudu Joy , Ali S. , Shehu A. D.
Published: December 2022

The method of spectral analysis was applied to the total aeromagnetic intensity data covering the district of Ibapara, located on the Nigeria Basement Complex in Oyo State, SW Nigeria. Prior to the spectral analysis, inclined magnetisation was converted to vertical, reduced to the pole and filtered out in order to more correctly reflect spatial location and morphology of magnetic sources over geological bodies, and enhance the effects of shallower sources over deeper ones. The data was divided into blocks and sub-blocks, and was spectrally analysed for the depths to the deep- and shallow-seated magnetic sources. The Curie-point-depths computed from these depths vary between 20.8 and 32.73 km, indicating that the magnetized basement rocks are at different elevations and are probably block faulted. The correlation of shallow Curie-point-depth with the Older Granites inferred that the low Curie-point-depth is due to magmatic intrusion in the highly deformed migmatite unit, the main geologic unit. The surface heat flows derived from the Curie-point-depths vary between 40.82 and 62.84 with a mean of 50.10 mW m-2, with areas having high surface heat flow presumed to be areas of recent intrusions where the elevated heat has transformed appropriate minerals to sapphire, tourmaline and aquamarine. Correlations of the surface heat flows and the average geothermal gradients on one hand and the Curie-point-depth on the other, unlike global compilation, yielded close empirical relations that are attributed to homogeneous geology of the area.
Örtmece Sözlere Bir Örnek Olarak Tuvalet Sözcüğünün Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AKBULAK Özlem
Published: December 2022

Birçok dilde var olan örtmece (euphemism) kavramı Türkçede de kimi sözcüklerin kullanımı sırasında doğabilecek ayıp, günah veya korku gibi duyguların ve olumsuz çağrışımların önüne geçmek için meydana gelen bir dil olayıdır. Örtmece söz kullanımındaki amaç, ifade esnasında rahatsızlık uyandırabilecek sözlerin yerine daha farklı veya daha güzel sözler kullanmaktır. Burada yapılan anlaşılmamak ya da anlamı gizlemek değil ilgili kavramın, eylemin anlamını korumakla birlikte kullanımını ve ifadesini daha rahat bir hâle getirmektir. Dilde kullanımı eskiye dayanan ve yaygın olan örtmeceler çeşitli araştırmacılar tarafından farklı açılardan değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ise örtmece söz kullanımı, insanların boşaltım ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için kullandıkları mekânların adları bağlamında incelenmiştir. Toplumda ifadesi ayıp karşılanan bu doğal ihtiyacın giderildiği mekân adları da kullanım esnasında duyulan rahatsızlıktan dolayı örtülü ve kapalı bir şekilde belirtilmiştir. Bu örtülü ifade zamanla sözcüğün asıl adı hâline gelip tekrar rahatsızlık duyulduğunda sürekli bir döngü hâlinde değişime uğramıştır. Dildeki bu olay aynı kavramı, olayı veya duyguyu karşılayan yeni sözcüklerin kullanımını beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışma kapsamında, günümüzde yaygın olarak tuvalet sözcüğüyle karşılanan mekânlar için geçmişten günümüze kullanılmış olan sözcükler örtmece kavramı ekseninde değerlendirilmiştir.
Doğa-Kültür Karşıtlığı ve Lüzumsuz Adam'da Mansur Bey’in Dönüşümü
Authors: ÖZKAN Seçkin
Published: December 2022

İnsan, dünya üzerinde var olduğu andan itibaren bir anlamlandırma ve yorumlama gayreti içerisinde olmuştur. Bunu gerçekleştirirken de çevresindekilerini karşıtları ile tanımlamıştır. Bu da hem hayatın hem de anlamlandırma sistemimizin ikili bir yapıya sahip olduğunu gösterir. Dolayısıyla doğa ve kültür terimleri de düalistik yapı içerisinde karşıt tanımlamalardır. Kültür, insanın doğadan ayrılması sonucu ortaya çıkan bir kavramdır ki bu nedenle doğanın tam karşısında yer alır. Doğa; mutlak haz, arzu, tatmin ve doyum alanı olarak kabul edilir. Kültür ise mutlak hazzı ve tatmini engelleyen yasa ve yasağın alanıdır. Doğa; dönüşüm, değişim ve devinimin mecrası iken kültür; durağanın, biçimin ve uyumun mecrasıdır. Alegorik olarak tanımlamak gerekirse doğayı Dionysos temsil ederken kültürü Apollon temsil eder. Doğa; aylak, berduş, avare, serseriliği kısacası tembelliği bünyesinde barındırırken, kültür; çalışkan, üretken, disiplinli bireyi temsil eder. Bu sebepledir ki doğadan ayrılarak şehri kuran kültürün tasarladığı insan tipi dışındaki tüm tipler modernlik çerçevesinde olumsuzlanır. Sait Faik’in 1948’de yayımlanan Lüzumsuz Adam eserinde ise şehir ve şehrin oluşturmak istediği insan portresi eleştirilir. Bu çalışmada doğa-kültür karşıtlıkları çerçevesinde Lüzumsuz Adam hikâyesindeki Mansur Bey’in dönüşümü değerlendirilmiştir.
National government measures related to COVID-19 in Argentina: vulnerable populations, participation and mental health
Authors: Bang C. , Misischia B. , Ussher M. , Bottinelli M. M. , Nabergoi M. , Granja G.
Published: December 2022

In March 2020, the first case of coronavirus was registered in Argentina and care measures were adopted. From different spaces, research initiatives emerged addressing various problems related to this pandemic. In this framework, a working group was formed to develop a network research project: “COVID-19, Health and social protection: contributions from territorial care practices for the strengthening of comprehensive community mental health policies in the new postpandemic scenarios.” Its main objective is to describe the practices and experiences of health/mental health care developed by territorial actors, analyzing their articulation with government measures during the year 2020. The methodology used is exploratory descriptive, founded on the triangulation of sources, instruments and qualitative quantitative indicators, based on the systematization of practices and experiences of territorial actors and the analysis of their relationship with national, provincial and local public policies.

Various publications indicate that populations in situation of vulnerability are more exposed in relation to their health/mental health and it has also been analyzed that social participation is a central component in Community Health and constitutes, in cases of greater vulnerability, a condition to ensure survival.

This article characterizes the national government measures related to COVID-19 in Argentina, with respect to these populations, and analyzes those that make explicit reference to social participation.
Exploring Factors that Serve as Predictors for Mathematics and Sciences Pre-Service Teachers to Use ICT in Teaching
Authors: Mosia Moeketsi , Matabane Mogalatjane Edward
Published: December 2022

While the importance of incorporating technology in teaching and learning is acknowledged by several scholars, there are still serious challenges in using technology to enhance the teaching and learning of science and mathematics. In this quantitative study, the technological, pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework was used to analyse factors that serve as predictors for pre-service mathematics and science teachers to use technology effectively in their teaching. The sample for this study consisted of 416 final year Bachelor of Education students from two South African universities. The sample included 243 (54%) females and 175 (42%) males. Questionnaires were used to collect data.  The results of the study show that the content knowledge (CK), pedagogical knowledge (PK), pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), technological content knowledge (TCK) and technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK) were the significant predictors for pre-service teachers to incorporate technology in their mathematics and science classrooms.
The Effect of Motivation and Competence on Employee Performance at BRI Corporate University
Authors: Susanti Febri , Suhardi Ayidil
Published: December 2022

Human resources are part of Islamic teachings, which from the beginning lead to humans to improve their quality of life starting from the development of a culture of intelligence. This study aims to examine the effect of motivation and competence on the performance of BRI Corporate University employees. Sampling using saturated samples as many as 30 employees. The results obtained are motivation and competence on employee performance which affect employee performance at BRI Corporate University
The Effect of Organizational Communication and Work Environment on Employee Performance at PT. Kencana Sawit Indonesia (KSI)
Authors: Afriyeni Afriyeni , Sari Intan Permata
Published: December 2022

The porpuse of this research is to examine the directives of organizational communication and work environment variables on employee performance at PT. Kencana Sawit Indonesia (KSI). The data was collected by distributing questionnaires to 50 respondents using a saturated sampling technique, where all members of the population were sampled, using multiple linear regression testing with the help of the SPSS application. The results of the study indicate that organizational commucation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The work environment has a positive and significant  effect on employee performance
The Effect of Work Discipline, Position Mutation and Work Environment on Employee Performance at the Secretariat Padang Pariaman Regency
Authors: Aggraini Meri , Martha Lidya
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of work discipline, position transfer and work environment on employee performance at the Regional Secretariat of Padang Pariaman Regency. The sample in this study amounted to 146 employees or respondents. Research data were collected from respondents' results and analyzed by multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicate that work discipline has a positive effect and job transfer has a positive effect and the work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. It can be seen that the significant value of work discipline, job transfer and work environment on employee performance is a value of 0.000 <0.05 and a t-count of 4.999 from a t-table of 1.97681
The Effect of Store Atmosphere, Store Image and Servicescape on Purchase Decisions at Gramedia Padang Book Store
Authors: Abaharis Henryanto , Afifa Devi
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the influence of Store Atmosphere, Store Image and Servicescape on Purchase Decisions at Gramedia Padang Bookstores. This research is a quantitative research, the sampling method using accidental sampling technique with the number of respondents 100 people. The data analysis technique used in this study was multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that Store Atmosphere has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, Store Image has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, and Servicescape has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions
Pendidikan Agama Kristen Berpola Pedagogik Transformatif Pada Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 Menurut Matius 11:28-30
Authors: Karlau Sensius Amon , Rukua Ivo Sastri , Ismail Jeffrit Kalprianus
Published: December 2022

The urgency of this study aims to explain the actualization of Christian religious education which currently seems not to be going in rhythm with various expectations. This condition occurs because of the rapid demands of science and information networks development in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 intertwined with waves of disruption. It is ironic because, in practice, some teachers still use conventional patterns. This of course is tedious and burdensome. The author uses a qualitative method with a literature approach and concludes that the praxis of Christian religious education is intertwined with a transformative call in the semantic meaning of Matthew 11:28-30. Therefore, the actualization of Christian religious education must be passionate, provide relief, be interactive, and dialogical, and lead to an invitation to learn continuously by educators to students gently and pleasantly as the Lord Jesus did.
Web Tarayıcılar Aracılığı ile Erişim Sağlanan Canlı Yayın Platformlarında İşlenen Suçların Adli Analizi
Authors: ATALAY Nursena , BOYACI Aytuğ
Published: December 2022

Canlı yayın platformları, eş zamanlı olarak hem kayıt altına alınabilen hem de gerçek zamanlı olarak yayınlanan çevrimiçi yayın akışının izlenmesine olanak sağlayan platformlar olarak ifade edilmektedir. Platformlar genellikle yayını yapan kişinin gerçek zamanlı olarak konuşması ve platformun sohbet bölümüne izleyicilerin katılması ile gerçekleşmektedir. Canlı yayın platformlarının kullanımı, web tarayıcılar ve mobil ortamlar üzerinden gerçekleşmektedir. Dijital ortamda ya da günlük hayatta karşımıza çıkan Ceza Muhakemesi Hukukuna göre hükmü oldukça ağır olan birçok suç türleri bulunmaktadır. İşlenen suçlar ve cezalandırma oranları suçun türü ve boyutuna göre farklılık göstermektedir. İnternet tarayıcıları ve mobil ortamlar aracılığı ile erişilebilen canlı yayın platformları üzerinden de gerçek zamanlı olarak birçok suç işlenebilmektedir. İnternet tarayıcıları üzerinden canlı yayın akışlarında suçun tespitine dayalı olarak bu çalışmada, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox ve Microsoft Edge internet tarayıcıları üzerinden Periscope, YouTube, Facebook ve Twitch canlı yayın platformlarından gerçekleştirilen yayınların adli incelemesi gerçekleştirilerek suçun tespitine yönelik olarak elde edilen bulgular ortaya konmuştur.
Ganga and Yamuna Rivers: Through the Lens of the National Green Tribunal
Authors: Siddiqui N. , Faiyaz T. , Tari V. S.
Published: December 2022

Despite the country’s extensive environmental jurisprudence and many historic rulings in which the courts have rescued worsening environmental situations, river (Ganga and Yamuna) water does not match the mandated minimum “bathing quality.” Rivers like the Ganga and Yamuna, which flow through numerous states and towns, would be in a different situation. Without strict monitoring and enforcement of the measures, no action plan can work. Punishment of defaulters can serve as deterrence while also instilling fear in other non-compliant enterprises. In comparison to environmental legislation, the NGT Act allows for substantially harsher fines and penalties. River rejuvenation plans must be carefully monitored to ensure that they do not suffer the same fate. Making action plans will not improve river water quality unless they are implemented with sincerity and consistency, as well as continuous monitoring and severe enforcement.
Identification of Dominant Air Pollutants Over Hyderabad Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Authors: Vasudha N. , Venkateswara Rao P.
Published: December 2022

The study aims to bring out the interdependence of the air pollutant components through Correlation and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify the sources causing air pollution in Residential, Resident cum Industrial and Industrial areas of Hyderabad. For this purpose, daily data (from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2020) of air pollutants recorded by Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations (CAAQMS) that includes 15 air pollution-causing components was collected from the Centre Pollution Control Board (CPCB) website. Data from Residential (Hyderabad Central University (HCU)), Residential and Industrial (ICRISAT-Patencheru), and purely Industrial (Pashmylaram) areas were analyzed and it was identified that 5 majorly contributed pollutants at HCU were due to residential activities however, 5 major pollutants at ICRISAT and Pashmylaram were due to vehicular traffic and industry emissions. The purpose of the study was to figure out the sources of air pollutants and their interdependency under different local conditions. The findings of the study may help the policymakers and authorities concerned to implement different strategies and take necessary steps to keep the pollution levels under control.
Effective Contribution of Air Pollutants to Physiological and Psychological Human Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chaitanya P. , Upadhyay Era , Singh Desh Deepak , Singh Virendra
Published: December 2022

Increasing globalization, industrialization, population, and burning of fossil fuels have been adversely affecting the environment for a long time. The consequences of the effects can be seen even within a short period of time in the current scenario. The air pollutants such as SO2, NO2, CO, and PM are the main contributors to the adverse health effects. Long-term and short-term exposure to pollutants may cause acute and chronic effects on the human body as they can enter deep into the organ and circulate in the bloodstream. The ultimate purpose of this review is to develop a quantitative perceptive of the existing state of facts about potential health effects concerning the dose-response relationship between exposure level of air pollutants and induced diseases. We have drawn around 376 scientific research papers on high-impact factors related to air pollution and health. These publications were analyzed with consideration of experimental methods, design, observations, and reports on the exposure through inhalation which may emulate the normal direction of exposure inside the human organs. The present study suggests the effects of epidemiological studies on associations between pollutant concentrations and human health. Most of the inferences evidenced the severe adverse effects of particulate matter (PM2.5 & PM10) on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Our present investigation reveals the health risk due to pollutants’ exposure to the vulnerable population anguishing with asthma, COPD, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer (physiological diseases); dementia, depression, and stress (psychological diseases).