bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a boron-containing reduced activation Ferritic-Martensitic (B-RAFM) steel
Authors: Goodall Russell , Utton Claire , Gong Peng , Hardwick Liam , Nutter John , Allen David , Lin Cheng-Jung , Slater Carl , Barnard Peter , Challenor Ian , Rahimi Ehsan , Dawson Huw , Haley Jack
Published: August 2024

Steel will be an essential part of any commercial fusion reactor design. Applications in this area involve extreme conditions, imposing particular performance requirements, such as high operational temperature and creep resistance, and also a limitation on the elements that can be used due to the activation that occurs on interaction with irradiation. This work begins with a steel developed for conventional power plant applications, the IBN1 grade developed by IMPACT (a UK consortium of industrial and academic research organisations). This grade has shown excellent properties at high temperature due to high temperature-stable precipitate phases, but contains several elements that would become radiologically active to a degree that is incompatible with the required disposal routes after exposure to the fusion reactor environment. In this study, modifications of the composition are made to remove these elements, and thermodynamic modelling and experimental assessment of the phases that form are undertaken. In this, we have paid particular attention to the prediction of transformation temperatures (to understand if normalisation and tempering can be applied successfully) and the precipitates, to see if suitable phases that are likely to impart creep strength and other desirable properties would be formed. The modifications made include the removal of Nb, Mo, Ni, Co, Cu and Al from the starting alloy, and the substitution of Ta (intended to form carbides, replacing the effect of Nb). Modifications of the amount of retained elemental components, such as C, Mn and Cr, have been made with Thermo-Calc modelling, to ensure preservation of comparable phase transformation temperatures and microstructures. The predicted changes to the alloy are compared to the observations from experimental investigation, finding that tantalum can substitute for niobium in these systems and form similar carbides with similar distribution in the material, and that reduction of Cr to 8 wt% and increase of C to 0.12 wt% raises the Ae4 temperature to allow a high-temperature heat treatment without δ-ferrite formation. While assessment of the mechanical properties of this alloy would be required, the perspectives for these alloys to perform at high temperature that can be inferred from the microstructure are discussed.
Market Penetration Rate Optimization for Mobility Benefits of Connected Vehicles: A Bayesian Optimization Approach
Authors: Sha Di , Tang Yu , Ozbay Kaan , Gao Jingqin , Zuo Fan
Published: August 2024

The advancements of connected vehicle (CV) technologies promise significant safety, mobility, and environmental benefits for future transportation systems. These benefits will largely rely on the market penetration rate (MPR) of CVs and connected infrastructure. However, higher MPR is not guaranteed to result in greater benefits in a transportation system in some cases even if we do not consider the deployment cost of CVs. Therefore, understanding the optimal CV MPR to achieve the best system benefits is informative and can provide some guidance for transportation agencies to use appropriate incentives or other policies to potentially affect the speed of CV adoption. Instead of using the traditional incremental method, this paper proposed a simulation-based approach combined with Bayesian optimization to determine the optimal CV MPR that achieves the highest performance benefits for a freeway segment. The proposed methodology is tested in the I-210 E (in California, U.S.) simulation freeway segment built and calibrated in Simulation of Urban Mobility software as a case study. The weighted sum of the average total travel time on the mainline and the average queue length of on-ramps is formulated as the objective function to optimize the CV MPR. Different weight combinations are tested as different scenarios. The optimization results of these scenarios show that, when the weight of total travel time is high, the optimal CV MPR tends to be high. On the contrary, when the weight of queue length increases, higher CV MPRs may not guarantee higher benefits for the traffic system. The globally optimal CV MPR can be as low as 3%. The case study also confirms the effectiveness of optimizing the CV MPR based on microsimulation and Bayesian optimization.
Sports following and social capital in the United States: Social networks and trust
Authors: Gemar Adam
Published: August 2024

Scholarship on sports following represents a burgeoning field of inquiry in the sociology of sport, yet sport following's connections to, or ability to facilitate, social capital remains underexplored. Drawing on a contemporary nationwide survey of the United States and employing the foundational theories of social capital by which we operationalize statistical analyses using regression modeling, this study investigates the nuanced contributions of sports following to various dimensions of social capital. Our analysis reveals complex relationships of sports following to social network size, community engagement, neighborhood trust, and social network variety, highlighting sports following as a significant predictor for all our operationalized social capital measures, although negatively so for neighborhood trust. Exploring the interplay between sports following, individual characteristics, and socio-political affiliations, results underscore the powerful predictive capacity of sports following even controlling for other characteristics, highlighting strong potentiality for building social capital, although along some dimensions more than others. These findings spotlight the domain of sports following as fertile ground for further investigation into its capacity to serve as a unique facilitator of social capital on the increasingly divided American socio-cultural landscape.
Characterization of an At-Risk Population for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in a Primary Care Setting Along the U.S.–Mexico Border
Authors: Spitz Lindsay , Saadiq Stefan , Shokar Navkiran K. , Zuckerman Marc J. , Casner Nancy A. , Valenzuela Roy , Salinas Jennifer J.
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

This study aimed to determine the burden of suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in a predominantly Hispanic patient population and explore the utility of the American Gastroenterological Association’s NAFLD Clinical Care Pathway (CCP).

Methodology:

Electronic medical records ( n = 223) were used to divide patients into risk groups based on the amount of metabolic risk factors they presented, diabetic status, or if they presented other liver diseases. Fribosis-4 (FIB-4) scores were used to determine the risk for advanced fibrosis.

Results:

Most patients (83.8%) were considered at risk for NAFLD based on CCP criteria, and about a third of patients (33.2%) were found to be at indeterminate ( n = 60; 26.9%) or high risk ( n = 14; 6.3%) for advanced fibrosis. Most indeterminate-risk patients (78.3%) were not referred for liver imaging.

Discussion:

This study demonstrates the potential of the CCP as a corrective tool that could help to better identify and screen patients at risk for NAFLD.
Barriers to Childhood Immunization in Rural and Remote Areas: A Qualitative Exploration From the Perspectives of Community Leaders in Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Sahitia Sundeep , Idris Idayu Badilla , Safian Nazarudin , Ali Rozina F. , Shamsuddin Khadijah , Hod Rozita
Published: August 2024

Despite overall improvements observed at the national level, there is a significant disparity in childhood vaccination coverage rates between urban and rural regions, particularly within tribal and remote areas in Pakistan. Our study aimed to explore the views of community/tribal leaders concerning barriers and their local solutions for improving vaccine uptake, with a specific focus on remote settings. An exploratory qualitative research study was conducted from July to September 2019 in Shikarpur, Sindh, Pakistan. We interviewed 11 community leaders, after developing a semi-structured interview guide based on the health belief model. Following validation, the collected data was transcribed and subsequently translated into the English language. A stepwise process of manual familiarization, coding, theme generation, and theme review using an inductive approach was followed. While most of the rural community leaders expressed a willingness to support vaccinations, numerous unexplored barriers were identified. These barriers included an unsustainable communication system heavily dependent on polio mobile teams, discourteous behavior of healthcare personnel, cultural restrictions that limited women’s involvement, economic hardships, limited transportation options, insufficient collaboration with the education sector, poor knowledge among community leaders, and security concerns. Additionally, they proposed some innovative solutions of information dissemination methods through the Ottaque system, ethics-based training, subsidized transportation services or voucher system, and addressing security concerns in collaboration with community leaders. Our findings suggest policymakers take both community leaders and members for an inclusive policy-making process to redraft the special policy for these remote and rural areas.
Problematic Workplace Behaviours in the Software Development Profession: Using Transactional Analysis to Diagnose Toxicity and Improve Relationships at Work
Authors: Tassabehji Rana , Lee Hugh , Harding Nancy
Published: August 2024

The growing and unmet demand for coding skills is becoming critical in a world that is ever-more driven by digital technologies, embedded algorithms and artificial intelligence systems. However, sustainability of the profession is threatened because of the failure to attract and retain women developers, which has been an ongoing and corrosive problem for decades and remains unresolved. While many previous studies attribute ‘toxic’ workplace cultures in the software development industry, as a major contributing factor, few examine their root causes and almost none offer practical solutions. To address this lack of both knowledge and effective response, we propose a novel approach building on psychoanalytical Transactional Analysis (TA) theory that is little used in the field of management and organisation studies. TA theory provides a framework using common and simplified language to better understand why communications in the workplace fail, and how occupying incompatible ego states might lead to ‘ negative’, ‘ problematic’ and, in the worst cases, ‘ toxic’ behaviours and workplaces. We propose a TA-based model (OCTAPos) that helps explain how crossed communications at work can result in a lack of acceptance of women in the workplace and attrition among female software developers and the resultant dearth of diverse coders. We further propose a theoretically informed HRM Structured TA Response (STAR) to help increase self-awareness, emotional intelligence, empathy and mutual understanding, with the ultimate aim of positively impacting prevailing attitudes, behaviours and organisational culture to achieve more inclusive and sustainable recruitment and retention in the longer term.
Oral Health in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease, Hemodialysis, and Renal Transplantation: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of the Oral Manifestations and Dental Implications
Authors: Elhusseiny Ghada A , Saleh Wafaa
Published: August 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children presents multifaceted challenges, impacting various aspects of health, including oral health. This narrative review provides a comprehensive synthesis of literature focusing on the oral health status of pediatric CKD patients, encompassing oral manifestations, dental considerations, and management challenges associated with hemodialysis and kidney transplantation. A comprehensive search strategy was employed, utilizing databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to identify relevant literature on oral manifestations in children with CKD, including those undergoing hemodialysis or renal transplantation. Search terms were carefully selected to capture studies examining enamel hypoplasia, dental caries, delayed tooth eruption, gingival diseases, periodontal diseases, radiographic alterations, craniofacial development, dry mouth, and changes in the oral mucosa. Our narrative review meticulously selected articles through a systematic process. Ultimately, 12 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Relevant data from each included study were independently extracted and synthesized, focusing on oral manifestations and their implications in pediatric CKD patients. The synthesized findings were organized and presented in a structured manner within the review article, considering their clinical implications and informing recommendations for dental management of children with CKD. This article highlights the importance of a coordinated effort between nephrologists, dentists, and other healthcare professionals in providing holistic care for pediatric CKD patients. A comprehensive understanding of the oral health status of these children, along with proactive dental management strategies, contributes to improved overall health outcomes and a better quality of life. This review aims to serve as a valuable resource for the oral healthcare providers involved in the care of pediatric CKD patients.
Offline connections, online votes: The role of offline ties in an online public election
Authors: Schwitter Nicole
Published: August 2024

Building democratic communities and fostering inclusive participation is challenging, especially in participatory organisations where governance and sustained contributions are critical. This study explores the dynamics of election participation within the peer-production project Wikipedia, a prime example of an online collaboration model of democratic organisation where democratically elected administrators wield special rights. While previous research on online governance has predominantly focused on online interactions, this study shifts the spotlight to the influence of offline interactions occurring at various gatherings and meetings. Using fixed effects models and large-scale observational data spanning 20 years of offline and online actions, this study finds significant effects of offline meeting participation on users’ voting behaviour. It makes use of novel data sources to emphasise the significance of offline relationships in shaping online (democratic) processes and shows that traditional findings of political science and election research regarding social capital and social networks hold within an online context.
Responsible reporting on suicide in Slovenia: Are we there yet?
Authors: Gomboc Vanja , De Leo Diego , Poštuvan Vita
Published: August 2024

Exposure to media reporting on suicide can be both a risk and a protective factor, as (ir)responsible reporting on suicide can have different effects on vulnerable people. Since online media are increasingly important in everyday life, this study aimed to examine how the three most widely read Slovenian online media report on suicide. 114 online media articles published between 1 January and 31 December 2017 were included in the study and assessed for compliance with recommendations on responsible media reporting on suicide, and inclusion of harmful and protective characteristics. Different articles included or adhered to different recommendations, and harmful and protective characteristics. The correlation between compliance with recommendations, and the inclusion of protective and harmful characteristics suggests that although articles comply with recommendations, they do not necessarily contain enough protective information. The study confirms patterns observed in other studies while providing a first insight into Slovenian online media reporting on suicide. Further research is needed to confirm our findings while considering different online media. Additionally, future studies should focus on other aspects of reporting on suicide, e.g., comments under online media articles, which might also impact readers.
Can articulations save the planet?
Authors: Le Goff Philippe
Published: August 2024

Chantal Mouffe has played an active role in promoting the ‘discursive hegemonic’ politics of left populism, not least in her two most recent books, For a Left Populism and Towards a Green Democratic Revolution: Left Populism and the Power of Affects. Taking these books together, this review article shows how these interventions build on Mouffe's earlier work on ‘the political’ and her vision of ‘radical democracy’ based on an ‘agonistic pluralism’. It argues that we find in Mouffe's latest work some of the salient problems of her overall project. The article focuses on two such problems: Mouffe's notion of antagonism (and its cognate, agonism); and the question of collective action.
Using Digital Storytelling as an Evaluation Tool
Authors: Joly Brenda M.
Published: August 2024

Digital storytelling is an innovative approach that evaluators can adopt to expand their dissemination efforts. The stories use brief audio and video recordings, and they can be used to provide reflections on the perceived value, experiences, or impact of public health efforts. We offer tips for evaluators to add this tool to their portfolio using several traditional evaluation data collection techniques. We also discuss a series of planning considerations and lessons learned based on the experiences of an evaluation of a research capacity-building initiative.
Endovascular Conversion of a Failed Nellix AAA-Repair by a Custom-Made Branched Device
Authors: Assaf Baban , Austermann Martin J. , Usai Marco V.
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

This technical note presents a case of a patient with a failed Nellix device (Endologix, Irvine, Calif) who was not deemed fit for open conversion. Our planned approach for repair involved an endovascular procedure utilizing a custom-made branched device.

Technique:

An endovascular repair was performed via a custom-made four outer branched device in conjunction with a custom-made bifurcated graft featuring inverted limbs (Cook Inc., Bloomington, Ind). All branches were connected to the target vessel with Gore Viabahn VBX balloon-expandable covered stents (Gore & Associates Inc.).

Conclusion:

Endovascular conversion with branched endovascular repair in a patient not deemed fit for open surgery was successfully performed, thereby reducing the risk of a high morbid and mortal procedure.

Clinical Impact

Novel useful treatment solution of failed EVAR with Nellix device.
Research Note: “Comparing Traditional Presidential Rhetoric: Trump Versus Biden”
Authors: Eissler Rebecca , Russell Annelise , Theriault Sean
Published: August 2024

Even though they both held the same office, Donald Trump and Joe Biden could not have presented themselves more differently. Biden presented himself as the restorer of tradition after Trump was the disruptor. In this research note, we examine seven sets of speeches that hold constant either the timing or the setting to see if their rhetoric contrasted as much as the way they presented themselves. We find that the words and emotions that they invoked were not nearly as systematically distinct from each other as we expected. We argue that this result demonstrates that the power of the presidency as an institution is sufficiently constraining that even the most unorthodox candidate’s rhetoric mirrors that of a traditionalist. When we do uncover some distinctions between them, those that exist are, for the most part, consistent with our expectations.
CSF-venous fistulas associated with traumatic spinal pseudomeningoceles
Authors: Madhavan Ajay A , Cutsforth-Gregory Jeremy K , Kumar Neeraj , Garza Ivan , Whealy Mark A , Kissoon Narayan R , Brinjikji Waleed
Published: August 2024

CSF-venous fistulas (CVFs) are a common cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. These fistulas usually occur without any preceding major trauma, surgery, or other iatrogenic cause. Occasionally, patients have a history of minor trauma, though such cases are usually still considered spontaneous. Little is known about predisposing factors that cause patients to develop spontaneous CVFs. Most patients with CVFs have multiple meningeal diverticula on spine imaging, and fistulas usually arise in association with a diverticulum. In the vast majority of cases, the culprit diverticulum from which the CVF arises is atraumatic in origin, presumably on the spectrum of normal variation in spinal anatomy. Here, we present two cases of CVFs that arose in association with posttraumatic pseudomeningoceles. To our knowledge, this phenomenon has not yet been reported, and it potentially represents a novel etiology for CVFs that furthers understanding of their pathogenesis.
Anatomical navigational difficulties in transradial right carotid artery stenting with 7-F Optimo balloon guide catheter
Authors: Arakawa Kei , Harada Kei , Kajihara Masahito , Kiyosawa Ryuichiro , Baba Daichi , Oshima Takatsugu
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Carotid artery stenting (CAS) using a 7-F Optimo balloon guide catheter (BGC) via the right radial artery (RA) was performed for stenosis of the right carotid artery. The factors affecting the difficulty in navigating the BGC from the right RA to the right common carotid artery (CCA) were investigated.

Materials and Methods

For 40 cases of stenosis of the right carotid artery, CAS using a 7-F Optimo BGC via the right RA was performed. Pre-operative anatomical length and angle of the access route were retrospectively examined.

Results

The 7-F Optimo BGC successfully reached all lesions; however, navigational difficulties were encountered in seven out of 40 cases (17.5%). One case in the difficult group experienced an ischemic complication. The height from the topmost point of the subclavian artery (SA) to the origin of the SA (SA height) was 44.4 mm versus 28.1 mm ( p < 0.01), and the angle between the SA and the CCA (SA–CCA angle) was 21.6° versus 47.9° ( p < 0.01) in the difficult and easy groups, respectively. For lesions with difficult navigation, the sensitivity and specificity of the SA height >34 mm were 100% and 82%, and the sensitivity and specificity of the SA–CCA angle <30° were 100% and 82%.

Conclusions

For stenosis of the right carotid artery, transradial-CAS using a 7-F Optimo BGC is a safe procedure. However, navigating the BGC becomes difficult when the SA height is >34 mm and the SA–CCA angle is <30°.
Navigating the evolving landscape: A review of clinical trial regulations in India
Authors: Jhuria Ajit , Nagpal Diksha , Verma Ravinder , Mittal Vineet , Budhwar Vikas , Kaushik Deepak
Published: August 2024

India is the ‘hub’ of clinical trials and ranked 4th in the world. Many prominent organizations in India, such as DCGI, ICMR, DBT, CBN, GEAC, and RCGM, play a significant role in overseeing and influencing the progress of trials in the country. India realizes many gaps in the regulations of clinical trials. To increase transparency Indian government issued The NEW DRUG AND CLINICAL TRIALS RULES 2019 on 19 March 2019 which addressed the gaps. The major changes are accelerated approval, ethics committee function and role, post-trial access, compensation, pre and post-submission meetings, and new definitions. These changes attract the leading pharma company to India and also boost the Indian clinical research quality and patient safety. This review highlights the gaps in new regulations, the history of clinical trial regulations, major shortcomings of old regulations, a comparison of new and old regulations and their impact on clinical trials.
Postoperative lingual nerve injury following airway management: A literature review
Authors: Aly Mohamed , Dadak Rohan , Lin Cheng , Kumar Kamal
Published: August 2024

Postoperative lingual nerve injury is a rare but serious complication following airway management and can lead to significant discomfort and disability. This literature review explores the aetiology, clinical presentation, management strategies and potential preventive measures for lingual nerve injuries associated with airway management during surgery. A search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE Science Direct, Cochrane library and Web of Science databases was done since inception to January 2024, including any observational studies and clinical trials describing patients diagnosed with lingual nerve injury following airway instrumentation. Multiple risk factors for lingual nerve injury were identified. Anaesthesia factors include difficulty with intubation and use of laryngeal mask airway. Surgical factors are long duration of operation and surgery of the head and neck. Patient factor includes female sex. Anaesthetists should proactively inform patients about the potential for this nerve injury and control modifiable risk factors to mitigate the risk of injury.
Safety and efficacy of side-by-side versus stent-in-stent stenting for malignant hilar biliary obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Haibin , Khizar Hayat , Ali Ashraf , Yang Jianfeng
Published: August 2024

Objectives:

Stenting of the malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) area for bile drainage is challenging. Bilateral stenting techniques of stent-in-stent (SIS) and stent-by-stent (SBS) have shown promising results. This study evaluates the efficacy of different stenting methods for MHBO.

Design:

A meta-analysis was performed to determine the efficacy of SIS and SBS stenting strategies for MHBO.

Data sources and methods:

Medical databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus, were searched up to August 2023. We selected eligible studies reporting the data on technical and clinical success, adverse events, and incidence of re-obstruction (RO) of SBS and SIS groups in MHBO patients. We compared the outcomes of SBS and SIS groups.

Results:

A total of 9 studies comparing the data of 545 patients (268 in the SBS group and 277 in the SIS stenting group) were analyzed. There was no significant difference ( p > 0.05) in the odds ratio (OR) of Re-obstruction (RO) 0.87 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.6–1.25), technical success 0.58 (95% CI 0.16–2.11), clinical success 1.13 (95% CI 0.62–2.07), and adverse events 1.53 (95% CI 0.88–2.64). The mean difference in procedure time was −12.25 min (95% CI −18.39, −6.12), and the hazard ratio of stent patency was 1.22 (95% CI 1.01–1.47), favoring SBS, with high heterogeneity ( I2 = 94%). There was no significant difference in HR for survival 1.05 (95% CI 0.95–1.16) with high heterogeneity ( I2 = 84%).

Conclusion:

Compared with SIS, SBS showed better stent patency with comparable technical and clinical success and adverse events.

Prospero registration:

The registration number for this study on PROSPERO is CRD42024523230.
Comparison of digital and face-to-face coaching centers in the context of shadow education institutions: Student and teacher perceptions and academic achievements of students
Authors: Meço Gülsüm
Published: August 2024

This article compares digital and traditional face-to-face coaching within the scope of shadow education institutions. While analyzing the differences and similarities between the two educational models, their advantages and disadvantages are thoroughly discussed. In this context, interviews were conducted with students and teachers who receive education in both face-to-face and digital coaching, and the positive and negative aspects of both institutions, suitable and unsuitable courses, the future situation, and the effects on students’ academic achievements were revealed. According to the results obtained from the research, it is noteworthy that students who do not receive education in digital coaching have prejudices against digitalization. Additionally, no significant difference was found between the academic achievements of students receiving education in digital coaching and those receiving education in face-to-face coaching.
Factors associated with antibiotic resistance and survival analysis of severe pneumonia patients infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A retrospective cohort study in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Singh Gurmeet , Loho Tonny , Yulianti Mira , Aditianingsih Dita , Zakiyah Laila Fakhriyatuz , Masse Sudirman Fakhruddin , Triono Muhammad Rizki
Published: August 2024

Background:

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most significant challenges to global public health and the risk factors in severe pneumonia are constantly growing. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors associated with antimicrobial resistance and conduct survival analysis of severe pneumonia patients with single and multiple pathogens in the National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Methods:

A retrospective method was used, and secondary data were collected from severe pneumonia patients admitted to the intensive care unit at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, from January 2016 to December 2022. Respiratory specimens were collected through bronchial washing. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze factors associated with antimicrobial resistance. Kaplan‒Meier survival curves were generated with the log-rank test to compare 30-day mortality between patients infected with single, dual, and multiple pathogens.

Results:

The results showed that a total of 333 patients from 415 enrolled were analyzed. Klebsiella pneumoniae (35.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii (29.3 %), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.4%) were the most frequently isolated Gram-negative pathogens. Factors associated with resistance to aminoglycoside, carbapenem, and quinolone were sepsis, cerebrovascular disease, and ventilator-associated pneumonia, as indicated by p < 0.05. In addition, the Kaplan–Meier curves showed that multiple pathogens influenced the survival rate of severe pneumonia patients ( p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Sepsis, cerebrovascular disease, and ventilator-associated pneumonia were associated with antimicrobial resistance in severe pneumonia patients. The survival rate of patients infected with multiple pathogens was low. This suggests the importance of further awareness regarding empirical antibiotic stewardship and mortality assessment in severe pneumonia patients.
Effect of Hospital Employees’ Psychological Capital on Counterproductive Work Behavior: Role of Work Alienation and Procrastination
Authors: Özüdoğru Ayşe Göksu , Görener Ali , Toker Kerem
Published: August 2024

Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) causes financial losses and psychologically affects other employees exposed to verbal or physical attacks from their colleagues. This issue creates a stressful workplace and has a negative impact on organizational outputs. The objective of this study is to develop a coherent logic and a thorough comprehension of the CWB’s predecessors and their relationships to the CWB. Our research applied partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test hypotheses on a sample of 390 healthcare personnel in a hospital. We propose an approach in which administrators can reduce counterproductive work behaviors by strengthening psychological capital. Also, eliminating work alienation and workplace procrastination is an original and critical argument for preventing counterproductive work behavior. The findings reveal that high psychological capital negatively affected counterproductive work behaviors and reduced these behaviors in the workplace. However, the partial mediation role of work alienation and the mediation role of workplace procrastination were determined in the relationship between psychological capital and counterproductive work behavior.
How Empowering Leadership Can Improve New Employee Engagement: The Mediating Role of Employee Perceptions of Insider Status
Authors: Li Wenxin , Xv Zhoutong , Ji Binying
Published: August 2024

One of the critical concerns for the company to increase its competitiveness is how to better engage new employees, who play a significant role in driving the sustainable development of the enterprise. Based on the analysis of questionnaire data from 206 new employees in Zhejiang IT firms, the empirical results found that empowered leadership enhances new employees’ work engagement by enhancing their perception of insider status. Specifically speaking, empowered leadership significantly and positively influences new employees’ engagement, perceptions of insider status play a partially mediating role, and the association between perceptions of insider status and new hire engagement is positively moderated by trait-based promotion regulatory focus. The study provides theoretical support for empowering leadership as a proven method of organizational socialization.
Open Science Under Debate: Disentangling the Interest on Twitter and Scholarly Research
Authors: Yu Wei , Chen Junpeng , Deng Sanhong
Published: August 2024

Open science movement gains attention since it might enable a second scientific revolution that fundamentally changes research methods and standards across science. However, the discussion topics towards opens science both from the academia and the environments outside the scholarly communication process have not been formally identified. This paper contributes to that end by analyzing 145,716 open-science-related tweets and 3,200 research papers in Scopus from 2011 to 2022. The results show there is increasing interest about open science both on Twitter and from academia. There are similar foci for both the public on Twitter and the academia from Scopus, including cloud computing and COVID-19 pandemic. When the public on Twitter focus on open science events and citizen science, the scholarly research is more concerned about the detailed aspects and novel innovation in research. The findings might interest the policy-maker for offering evidence to facilitate open science policies and practices.
The challenges and strategies for promoting equity in STEAM education activities by kindergarten in China
Authors: Sun Ningwei , Saleh Salmiza
Published: August 2024

In China, the increasing implementation of science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics (STEAM) education in kindergartens underscores the importance of addressing equity issues and identifying effective strategies. This study uses a mixed-methods approach, conducting surveys among 119 kindergarten teachers along with in-depth interviews with eight kindergarten educators consisting of both teachers and principals, to systematically investigate disparities in resource allocation, professional development opportunities, and student engagement strategies. Through qualitative and quantitative data analysis, the research reveals several challenges, such as lack of STEAM resources, inequitable teacher-student interactions, and insufficient parental involvement, hindering equitable STEAM education, provides a detailed analysis of existing gaps, and offers recommendations for policymakers, teachers, and kindergarten administrators to bridge these gaps in early childhood STEAM education. It is expected that this study will not only reveal the various instances of inequity in early childhood STEAM education but also provide valuable recommendations and insights for educators, parents, community and policymakers.
Self-Perception of Mental Health and Exacerbated Social Inequalities Among Vulnerable Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil (2021–2023)
Authors: Perticarrara Ferezin Letícia , Junior Rosa Rander , Chiodi Toscano de Campos Mônica , Zamboni Berra Thaís , Sávio Dias Moura Heriederson , Fehr Tártaro Ariela , César do Nascimento Murilo , Martins Ribeiro Natacha , Soares Tenório de Araújo Juliana , Bruzadelli Paulino da Costa Fernanda , Bazon Vaz Tavares Reginaldo , Mathias Alves Yan , Kehinde Ayandeyi Teibo Titilade , Celia Fiorati Regina , Alice da Costa Uchoa Severina , Maria Pinheiro Souza Rosa , Carvalho Pinto Ione , Alexandre Arcêncio Ricardo
Published: August 2024

This study analyzes the self-perception of mental health of socially vulnerable elderly people during the COVID-19 crisis in Brazil. Conducted across all state capitals from February 2021 to October 2023, it included 366 participants living in various conditions such as camps, street situations, slums, and communities. The average age was 66.7 years, with a majority being male (59.0%), of Black or Brown race/color (62.3%), and earning below one minimum wage (36.6%). Findings revealed that older adults in street situations, experiencing psychological manifestations like sleep disturbances due to the pandemic, tended to assess their mental health more negatively. In contrast, older men of white race/color without such manifestations, and those practicing strategies like physical activity or relaxation, were less likely to perceive their mental health as poor. Addressing housing, implementing health strategies, and recognizing sample and regional complexities are crucial interventions for older adults in street situations.
Back to the Future: Implementing Large-Scale Oral Exams
Authors: Bayley Tiffany , Maclean Kyle D. S. , Weidner Tessa
Published: August 2024

We did something unthinkable: we used an oral exam in our undergraduate business analytics course where course enrollment exceeded 600 students. ConVOEs, Concurrent Video-Based Oral Exams, are assessments conducted through a learning management system whereby all students simultaneously engage in an exam and submit a video of themselves responding to each question. By limiting the time frame over which the assessment can be completed, ConVOEs resemble a sort of conversation, as students must respond in real time to each question and demonstrate their understanding of course material in their own words. The conception of this format, though initially motivated by the shift to online learning during the pandemic, is particularly relevant as richer forms of communication are highly sought by employers yet absent from many business courses, and serves to highlight the old adage, “Everything old is new again.”
Information needs of people who have suffered a stroke or TIA and their preferred approaches of receiving health information: A scoping review
Authors: Helbach Jasmin , Hoffmann Falk , Hecht Nina , Heesen Christoph , Thomalla Götz , Wilfling Denise , Rahn Anne Christin
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

We aimed to synthesize the information needs of people with stroke (PwS) in recurrent stroke prevention.

Methods:

In this scoping review we searched Medline (via PubMed), CINAHL, and PsycINFO from inception to June 5, 2023, to identify all studies describing the information needs of people 18 years and older who have suffered a stroke or transient ischemic attack within the past 5 years. We included qualitative and quantitative studies from developed countries published in German or English. Data analysis was performed following Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework for scoping reviews.

Findings:

We screened 5822 records for eligibility and included 36 articles published between 1993 and 2023. None of the included studies used a comprehensive framework or defined information needs. Based on statements from PwS and their caregivers, PwS needed information on treatment, etiology, effects of stroke, prognosis, rehabilitation, discharge, life changes, care role, support options, information sources, and hospital procedures. The most frequently expressed needs were information on the treatment (77.8%) and stroke etiology (63.9%). The primary information source was healthcare professionals (85.7%), followed by written information (71.4%), family and friends (42.6%), and the internet (35.7%), with information provided directly by healthcare professionals being preferred. The timing of information transfer is often described as too early.

Conclusion:

PwS are primarily interested in clinical information about stroke, for example, treatment and etiology, and less often in information about daily life, for example, rehabilitation, the role of care, or lifestyle changes. PwS prefer to receive information directly from healthcare professionals. Developing a shared understanding of PwS’s information needs is crucial to implement suitable strategies and programs for dealing with these needs in clinical practice.
Why Are Social Work Professionals Relevant in Corporate Social Responsibility? A Case of CSR and Non-CSR Projects in India
Authors: Bihari Avadh , Shajahan P. K.
Published: August 2024

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is legally mandated in India for corporates to engage in community development. This requires specific skills to design and implement socially impactful development projects. This article discusses (a) the differences between CSR and non-CSR projects and (b) the relevance of social work professionals (SWPs) in CSR in India. Using a qualitative research method, 13 participants from non-governmental organisations and scholars from social science universities with experience in CSR and non-CSR projects were interviewed. The comparative analysis of views relating to CSR and non-CSR projects showed significant differences in the focus of the projects, financial support, processes of due diligence and monitoring and reporting. Non-CSR projects were found to have a better focus on processes of community development; one of the significant reasons being the engagement of professionally trained social workers and domain experts. The article recommends the application of developmental social work through the inclusion of SWPs in making CSR projects people-centric and impactful.
What Is Organization? The Evolving Answer
Authors: Ulrich Dave
Published: August 2024

Consider how much the organizations where you live, work, and play affect your life! In this short article, Dave Ulrich reviews the evolution of organizational logic, helping each of us to better appreciate our organizations and help them to deliver value.
Leadership as Craft-Crafting New Leaders
Authors: Mirvis Philip , Ayas Karen , Grenfell-Gardner Jason
Published: August 2024

Leadership: Science, Art, or Craft? What is the best way to develop leaders? These questions are vital to the way leaders see themselves, enact their roles, and run their organizations. They present a range of choices to a CEO who needs to develop young leaders in order to grow a business. Philip Mirvis, Karen Ayas, and CEO Jason Grenfell-Gardner address this question by describing a novel approach to developing effective leaders.
What Evolutionary Biology Can Teach Us About Corporate Reputation
Authors: Argenti Paul A. , Calsbeek Ryan
Published: August 2024

Paul Argenti and Ryan Calsbeek of Dartmouth explain that corporations should focus not on their rankings, but on the attributes that influence those rankings. They combine evolutionary biology and corporate reputation research to determine what makes a company the best that it can be, arguing that a more scientific approach to corporate success is needed.
George Bernard Dantzig: The Pioneer of Linear Optimization
Authors: Birge John R.
Published: August 2024

George Dantzig introduced the world to the power of optimization, creating trillions of dollars of value and saving countless years of life across the globe. In this laudation, John Birge describes the fascinating life and incredible accomplishments of a scholar whose footprints led the way to almost everything the global economy produces.
Forget Dumb Luck - Try Smart Luck: Strategies to Get Lady Fortune on Your Side
Authors: Schoemaker Paul J. H.
Published: August 2024

Life entails a great deal of uncertainty, shaping our careers and personal paths in unexpected ways. Paul Schoemaker examines eight complementary approaches which can improve the odds of favorable outcomes, both in business and in life. This strategic road map will help you to increase the number of times luck smiles upon you and to incur risks only when you have a sufficient statistical advantage.
Why You Need an Operating Model: To Align Your People and Deliver Your Strategy
Authors: Campbell Andrew , Gutierrez Mikel
Published: August 2024

Putting a new strategy into effect is always difficult. Andrew Campbell and Mikel Gutierrez provide a practical solution to designing the necessary changes: the Operating Model Canvas. They describe how they applied it to the merger between Siemens and Gamesa, demonstrating how this framework, along with its supporting tools, can help leaders to design changes in their organization and operations.
Nobel Laureate Harry Markowitz: Creator of the Modern Portfolio Theory
Authors: Sethi Suresh P.
Published: August 2024

Harry Markowitz developed the modern portfolio theory which earned him the Nobel Memorial Prize and is today used in managing trillions of dollars in assets. Suresh Sethi describes the fascinating life of a scholar whose footprints led the way to almost everything in finance.
Adjuvant immunotherapy and targeted therapy in early and locally advanced resectable lung cancer: expanding treatment tentacles?
Authors: Fergadis Evaggelos , Heitmann Amadea , Tsaras Theodore , Hardavella Georgia
Published: August 2024

Adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy has been the main treatment following surgical resection with curative intent in early and locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) albeit with a 5% improvement in 5-year survival rates. Recent advances in biomarkers pave the way for targeted treatments and immunotherapy in a broader spectrum of patients with subsequently improved clinical outcomes. Targeted treatments and immunotherapy have established their place in the adjuvant setting of resected NSCLC.
HBeeID: a molecular tool that identifies honey bee subspecies from different geographic populations
Authors: Donthu Ravikiran , Marcelino Jose A. P. , Giordano Rosanna , Tao Yudong , Weber Everett , Avalos Arian , Band Mark , Akraiko Tatsiana , Chen Shu-Ching , Reyes Maria P. , Hao Haiping , Ortiz-Alvarado Yarira , Cuff Charles A. , Claudio Eddie Pérez , Soto-Adames Felipe , Smith-Pardo Allan H. , Meikle William G. , Evans Jay D. , Giray Tugrul , Abdelkader Faten B. , Allsopp Mike , Ball Daniel , Morgado Susana B. , Barjadze Shalva , Correa-Benitez Adriana , Chakir Amina , Báez David R. , Chavez Nabor H. M. , Dalmon Anne , Douglas Adrian B. , Fraccica Carmen , Fernández-Marín Hermógenes , Galindo-Cardona Alberto , Guzman-Novoa Ernesto , Horsburgh Robert , Kence Meral , Kilonzo Joseph , Kükrer Mert , Le Conte Yves , Mazzeo Gaetana , Mota Fernando , Muli Elliud , Oskay Devrim , Ruiz-Martínez José A. , Oliveri Eugenia , Pichkhaia Igor , Romane Abderrahmane , Sanchez Cesar Guillen , Sikombwa Evans , Satta Alberto , Scannapieco Alejandra A. , Stanford Brandi , Soroker Victoria , Velarde Rodrigo A. , Vercelli Monica , Huang Zachary
Published: August 2024

Background

Honey bees are the principal commercial pollinators. Along with other arthropods, they are increasingly under threat from anthropogenic factors such as the incursion of invasive honey bee subspecies, pathogens and parasites. Better tools are needed to identify bee subspecies. Genomic data for economic and ecologically important organisms is increasing, but in its basic form its practical application to address ecological problems is limited.

Results

We introduce HBeeID a means to identify honey bees. The tool utilizes a knowledge-based network and diagnostic SNPs identified by discriminant analysis of principle components and hierarchical agglomerative clustering. Tests of HBeeID showed that it identifies African, Americas-Africanized, Asian, and European honey bees with a high degree of certainty even when samples lack the full 272 SNPs of HBeeID. Its prediction capacity decreases with highly admixed samples.

Conclusion

HBeeID is a high-resolution genomic, SNP based tool, that can be used to identify honey bees and screen species that are invasive. Its flexible design allows for future improvements via sample data additions from other localities.