bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of bioctivator addition to the quality of bio gas slurry
Authors: Ginting N , Hasnudi  , Yunilas
Published: April 2020

The results of biomethanization process are biogas and slurry. The process of forming conventional biogas with cow feces input has a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 days. In this study, an innovation was carried out by adding new bioactivator with the aim decomposition on input occur optimally and quickly. HRT of one week was showed good and stable gas production than controls. It is assumed that if the gas has stabilized, the slurry has undergone decomposition in which the slurry is a liquid fertilizer ready to use. The study design was a completely randomized design with three treatments as follows: (1) T1: control without an additional bioactivator; (2) T2: addition of biactivator 1%; and (3) T3: addition of bioactivator 2%. Bioactivator was made from waste bananas, papayas and pineapples with an additional of chicken intestines. Addition of chicken intestine was done because the bacteria in the chicken intestine are known very effective at work. The parameters measured were pH, C-Organic, N-Total, P2O5 and K2O. The results showed that T3 had characteristics as slurries which awee better than T2 or T1. This means that an additional of bioactivators cause good slurry quality even though HRT is only 1 week.
The effect of adding concentrated feed containing fermented banana corm meal fed to Bali cattle
Authors: Rosnah U S , Yunus M , Maranatha G , Sulistijo E D , Henuk Y L
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding concentrated feed containing fermented banana corm meal included into Bali cattle rations fattening farmers’ patterns on their feed consumption, digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. This study used 12 Bali cattle with the age ranged from 1.5 - 2 years and their body weight of 105-120kg. The research method used was a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates. The four treatments were: T0 = basal feed breeder pattern + concentrate without fermented banana corm meal; T1 = basal feed breeder pattern + concentrate with 10% fermented banana corm meal; T2 = basal feed of breeder pattern + concentrate with fermented banana corm meal 20%; and T3 = basal feed of breeder pattern + concentrate with 30% fermented banana corm meal. The statistics analyses showed that the treatment had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on the consumption digestibility of DM and OM from Balinese cattle fattening farmers’ patterns. The conclusion was the addition of concentrated feed with fermented banana corm meal with different levels offering the same effect between treatments on feed consumption, digestibility of DM and OM from Bali cattle fattening farmers’ patterns.
The success strategy of forest community program in Pakpak Bharat District
Authors: Samsuri  , Permana J , Afifuddin Y
Published: April 2020

Community Forest (CF) is a state forest where the main use is to empower local community. There were 11 farmer groups in District of Pakpak Bharat that had submitted applications for CF programs. The research aimed: (1) to obtain the participation degree of forest farmer group (FFG) of CF program; (2) to determine development strategies of CF program. Analysed data used descriptive analysis, participation degree and strengthens weakness opportunity threatening (SWOT) method. The research shows that the degree of participation for dissemination and formation of forest farmer groups, monitoring and evaluation was high, meanwhile the degree of group participation in work planning and implementation of the CF program is moderate. The chosen strategy for the success of the CF program were (1) increasing the government role of Pakpak Bharat district; (2) planning for management of community forest areas is harmonized with the utilization of community forest areas for the development of timber and non-timber species; (3) implementation of local plant development programs; (4) village guidance by assistants both Field Extension Officers Local governments and Self-Extension Field Officers continue to be carried out.
Application of liquefied adhesive made of oil-palm stem for particleboard binder
Authors: Nuryawan A , Risnasari I , Situmorang D
Published: April 2020

In order to evaluate the quality of liquefied adhesive made of oil-palm stem, this research compared results of physical and mechanical testing of particleboard bonded by liquefied adhesive made of oil-palm stem (LA), urea-formaldehyde (UF) and isocyanate (IC), respectively. LA was produced in laboratory and for decreasing its viscosity; it was mixed with thinner prior to spraying. UF and IC were commercially type, represented interior and exterior application, respectively. Both applications were following the standard procedure. Results of this study showed quality of the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboard bonded by LA were in between particleboard bonded by UF and particleboard bonded by IC, for instance value of MOE (kgf/cm2) was 10594 (UF) < 23529 (LA) < 24413 (IC) and MOR (kgf/cm2) was 5.37 (UF) < 18.14 (LA) < 25.35 (IC). These results indicated that LA was a promising adhesive even though in this case it can be used for interior application only.
Changes in chemical components with NIR spectroscopy and durability of samama wood treated with boron, methyl methacrylate and heat treatment
Authors: Cahyono T D , Darmawan W , Yanti H , Iswanto A H
Published: April 2020

Wood quality modifications have the potential to degrade the wood’s chemical components, especially those using heat treatment. In fact, wood quality improvement should be identical with the durability improvement and the other specific purposes, such as fixation improvement of preservative materials. This research was aimed to examine changes in chemical components and durability of Samama wood gradually impregnated with boron, methyl methacrylate (MMA) and heat treatment (HT). Each of borax and boric acid was impregnated in pressure tank, continued with MMA impregnation. A 5-atm pressure is applied for 4 hours to both borax and MMA impregnations. The next stage is HT at 90°C and 180°C. The analysis on chemical components was conducted using NIR Spectroscopy and the durability was tested using drywood termites. The results showed that there were changes in lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose components of the wood, as indicated with clear differences in spectra between impregnated and non-impregnated woods. The most significant difference was found on wood impregnated with borax, MMA and HT at 180 °C. This tested sample evidently had the best durability among the tested samples.
Glycaemic index of instant porridge from parboiled rice flour and mocaf flour fortified with red spinach flour
Authors: Hanifa Z N , Lubis L M , Ginting S
Published: April 2020

This research was conducted to determine the glycaemic index value of instant porridge from parboiled rice flour and mocaf flour fortified with red spinach flour by using in vivo testing of rats. In vivo tests were given instant porridge orally with a concentration of porridge of 1.0126 g / 200 g rats BW. The instant porridge prepared from the best formulation, i.e. the ratio of parboiled rice flour of 70%: 30% mocaf flour with the addition of 2% red spinach flour. The glycaemic index value of instant porridge from parboiled rice flour and mocaf flour fortified with red spinach flour was 50.5091.
Effect of sodium metabisulphite concentration and salt concentration on the physicochemical properties of durian seed flour (Durio zibethinus Murr)
Authors: Br Sembiring A T , Nurminah M , Nainggolan R J
Published: April 2020

This research aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics of durian seed flour and to develop the utilization of durian seeds. The analysis was performed using a factorial complete randomized design consisting of two factors, namely the concentration of sodium metabisulphite (N) and the salt concentration (G). The concentration of sodium metabisulphite (N) gave a very significant effect on moisture content, ash content, and the value of L; and no significant effect on fat content and protein content. Furthermore, salt concentration (G) had a very significant effect on ash content, fat content and the value of L; a significant effect on the moisture content and protein content. The interaction between the two factors had a highly significant effect on ash content and the value of L; and no significant effect on moisture content, fat content and protein content. Durian seed flour with a concentration of 3000 ppm sodium metabisulphite and a salt concentration of 4% yield produced by best durian seed flour.
Partial properties of young corn flour based on particle size and its effect on texture and sensory acceptability of biscuit
Authors: Yusraini E , Lubis N D A
Published: April 2020

Utilization young corn can be applied into food products in the form of flour in order to increase the content of food fibre. Currently, there are no commercially-made biscuit-enriched food products from young corn flour. Based on this, it is necessary to conduct research on the particle size of young corn flour as a source of biscuit fibre. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of young corn flour that passed the size of the sieve number, 40, 50, and 80 mesh and the effect of its addition to the texture value and the sensory acceptability of the biscuits. The results reported that young corn flour that passed from the sieve with a greater number resulted in the brighter colour of young corn flour towards yellowish white, lower of bulk density, and the increase of absorption of oil. All young corn flour treatments had no significant effect on water absorption and water solubility. Substituted biscuits provide a crisp texture and sensory reception which was quite similar to control biscuits (100% wheat flour) if using young corn flour that passed sieve number 40 with an additional percentage of 10%.
Physico-chemical and microbial properties of buffalo milk yoghurt drink
Authors: Sinamo K N , Hasan F , Hasanah U
Published: April 2020

Lack of food diversification from buffalo milk causes a lack of public interest in consuming buffalo milk even though it has good nutritional content. Therefore, it is necessary to diversify buffalo milk into yoghurt. This study aimed to make yoghurt from buffalo milk and find the effect of starter concentration and fermentation time on physico-chemical and microbial properties of buffalo milk yoghurt. This research used a completely randomized design with two factors, i.e., concentration starter (3%, 5% and 10%) and fermentation time (8 and 12 hours). Parameters analysed were physico-chemical properties, i. e. acidity, pH, soluble solids, solids non-fat, total solids, sweetness index, astringency index, and microbial properties, i.e. total lactic acid bacteria and total microbial counts. The result showed an increase in values for acidity, astringency index, total lactic acid bacteria counts, and total microbial counts in increased starter concentration and fermentation time. A reverse trend was observed for pH, soluble solids, sweetness index values in increased starter concentration and fermentation time. Total lactic acid bacteria and total microbial count were highest in sample F (10%; 12 hours). Sample A (3%; 8 hours) has the highest total solid (15.4%) and solid non-fat (11.49%).
Inventory and prevalence of ectoparasites Octolasmis sp. in the mangrove crab (Scylla tranquebarica) in Lubuk Kertang, Langkat
Authors: Yusni E , Haq F A
Published: April 2020

Mangrove crabs (Scylla tranquebarica) are one of the fisheries commodities with high economic value. However, there are several obstacles in the process of developing crab culture, such as parasitic infections. The presence of parasites can reduce production in crab culture, one of which is the parasite Octolasmis sp. The purpose of this study was to identify Octolasmis parasites that infect mangrove crabs and knowing the prevalence rate of the parasite Octolasmis sp. on mangrove crabs in Lubuk Kertang, Langkat. This research used exploratory method, while the sampling technique used in sampling was the random sampling method. Crab identified as many as 15 crabs. The results showed that the type Octolasmis sp. identified to attack mangrove crabs in Lubuk Kertang, Langkat are Octolasmis cor and Octolasmis angulata. The prevalence rate of the Octolasmis parasite was based on the number of parasites found, the Octolasmis cor parasite is 93.3% and the number of O. angulata is 53.3%. Based on the prevalence and intensity of octolasmis found more octolasmis cor than octolasmis angulata.
Endoparasitic worms inventory on Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) gastrointestinal from North Sumatera Indian Ocean, Indonesia
Authors: Uliya R , Yusni E
Published: April 2020

Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis is one of the commercial fishes in Indonesia. This species is frequency caught by fishermen in Indian Ocean, North Sumatra Province. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to identify endoparasitic worms and examine the infection level in skipjack tuna K. pelamis from North Sumatera Indian Ocean. Sampling was conducted in Horizon Private Fishing Port, Sibolga from 21 June to 5 July 2019. A total of 25 fish samples with weight ranges from 390 g to 670 g and total length from 29.3 cm to 34.6 cm. The identification of the worm was carried out in the laboratory using a stereo microscope. The results showed that there were eighth species of worms were found in intestine and stomach of the fish with varies level incidency, for example Echinorhynchus sp. and Rhadinorhynchus sp. with 100% intestinal incidences; Neoechinorhynchus sp.had 72% intestinal incidences; Leptorhynchoides sp. had 56% intestinal incidences; Pomphorhynchus sp. with 32% intestinal incidency; and Acanthocephalus sp. with 20% intestinal incidency. It is concluded that the Echinorhynchus sp. and Rhadinorhynchus sp. had higher incidency.
Analysis of lead (Pb) heavy metal content in Layang fish (Decapterrus ruselli) in KUD Gabion Belawan, Medan City
Authors: Sinaga R Z , Yusni E
Published: April 2020

The many industrial activities around Belawan waters do not rule out the possibility of producing solid and liquid waste that can cause water pollution. One of the most worrying pollution in Belawan waters at present is heavy metal pollution such as lead (Pb) which can accumulate in the flesh of laying fish (Decapterus ruselli). Layang fish (D. ruselli) is a popular fish that is often consumed by humans because it has a relatively affordable sale value for all economic groups of the community. This study aims to determine the average value of the heavy metal content of lead (Pb) contained in the layang fish meat (D. ruselli) and the level of consumption eligibility. The result of this study indicates the average value of lead (Pb) metal in layang fish (D. ruselli) in KUD Gabion Belawan, Medan City is 0.035-0.054 mg/kg. Overall, layang fish (D. ruselli) contaminated with lead (Pb) heavy metals are still within the safe limit for consumption, following the maximum limit of heavy metals issued by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI).
Fecundity and size the first maturity of the gonad of Yellowstripe Scad (Selaroides leptolepis) at Belawan Aquatic, North Sumatera
Authors: Desrita  , Tarigan A , Yusni E
Published: April 2020

The process of maintaining existential, each of the species have a reproduction strategy. Reproduction of strategy is all the pattern and the identity of reproduction which is shown by each individual from a species including complex inherited traits. Especially for yellowstripe scad fish at Belawan aquatic, North Sumatera. This research conducted from March to May 2017. The sampling was taken three times with one-month interval. The location of the research divided into 3 stations with each respective characteristic. Fishing gear used during the research is nets and gill-nets. The gill-net are installed in the morning and removed in the afternoon. Management recommendation which is given for catch fish in size selection are spawned fish and catchable fish must pass the size of the first gonads maturity was found of 143 – 151 mm for female fish and 144 – 151 mm for male fish. If the fish which is gained bellow the first size of gonads maturity with GML is not yet mature gonads, then necessary increasing the size of the nets in the fishing gear used in Yellowstripe scad fish captured.
Evaluation of non forest area land characteristic for citrus plant (Citrus sp)
Authors: Harahap F S , Walida H , Mustamu N E , Rizal K , Dalimunthe B A , Wicaksono M , Rauf A
Published: April 2020

An approach to assess the potential of land resources is an evaluation of the land. The results of the land evaluation will provide information and direction of land use needed, and finally the expected production value was known. The improvement efforts aimed at increasing productivity, for the suitability of actual land to be suitability of potential commodity land in the District of Pakpak Bharat so needs to be supported by information regarding land suitability. Data collection for the results of land evaluation is used by a survey method, analysis with comparing and matching for citrus plants (Citrus sp.). The land units are based on a land map, slope map, height map, land cover map, consisting of 6 land units and 18 points. The result showed that the citrus plant is quite appropriate (S2) covering an area of 1,984.60 ha and not appropriate (N) as 1,318.82 ha.
Application of biofertilizer consortium formulation of cellulolytic bacteria based on organic liquid waste on yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Hapsoh  , Dini I R , Salbiah D , Tryana S
Published: April 2020

Rice production in Riau Province is lower than demand. One of the efforts made is the use of organic fertilizer based on organic liquid waste, in addition to reducing the use of inorganic fertilizers. The method that can be applied to support rice yield is the use of cellulolytic bacterial consortium applications. This study aimed to finding out the formulation and dose of biological fertilizer based on cellulolytic bacteria based on the organic liquid waste that was good for growth and yield of upland rice. This research used a Completely Randomized Design which consisted of 12 treatments, namely of biofertilizer of rice washing water, biofertilizer of coconut water, biofertilizer of wastewater tofu, biofertilizer of palm oil mill with doses 5, 10, 15 ml. The result showed that all biofertilizers based on organic wastewater cellulolytic consortium could provide varied results on all parameters of observation so that all biological fertilizers could be applied to upland rice plants with the use of inorganic fertilizers at half the recommended dose. Biofertilizers from rice washing water with a dose of 10 ml gave a good response to the growth and yield of upland rice compared with other treatments.
GIS based: mapping of Multy Purpose Tree Species (Durio zibethinus) in Perkebunan Tambunan Village, Langkat District, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmawaty  , Situmorang L K N , Rauf A , Batubara R
Published: April 2020

Durio zibethinus (durian) in Indonesia is known as one of the types of Multy Purpose Tree Species (MPTS). Durian is a Malvaceae family. It grows naturally as well as is planted on community agroforestry land in Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. This study aimed to map the distribution of land suitability of Durio zibethinus using Geographic Information System (GIS) in Perkebunan Tambuan Village, Salapian Sub district, Langkat District. This study was conducted from February 2019 to July 2019 at the USU Experimental plantation, Perkebunan Tambunan Village, Salapian Sub district, Soil physical and chemical properties analysis were conducted in Central Laboratory and Soil Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU). The evaluation of land suitability distribution using GIS was conducted in Laboratory of Forest Inventory, Faculty of Forestry, USU. The land suitability of Durio zibethinus in Perkebunan Tambunan Village was marginally suitable for all land units (Land Unit 1, 2 and 3).
Utilization of biochar for reducing NPK fertilization in corn (Zea mays L.) growth on ultisol
Authors: Lumbantoruan B R , Hidayat B , Guchi H
Published: April 2020

Reducing fertilization for increasing production is a tricky thing, but utilization of biochar expected to be a solution. This research aimed to find the best biochar for reducing fertilizer of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium in corn growth on Ultisol. This research was conducted using a Non Factorial Randomized Block Design with a level of treatment that ware 100% NPK (2 gram), 75% NPK (1,5 gram) plus corn cobs biochar 100 gram, 75% NPK (1,5 gram) plus corn skin biochar 100 gram, 75% NPK (1,5 gram) plus paddy husk biochar 100 gram, 75% NPK (1,5 gram) plus paddy straw biochar 100 gram, 50% NPK (1 gram) plus corn cob biochar 100 gram, 50% NPK (1 gram) plus corn skin biochar 100%, 50% NPK (1 gram) plus paddy husk biochar 100 gram, 50% NPK (1 gram) plus paddy straw biochar 100 gram, all treatments with 3 replications. The result showed that reducing fertilization NPK down to 50% not significant effect for NPK nutrient uptake on corn and the best biochar for reducing NPK was biochar Husk and straw.
Effectiveness of the composition of bokashi organic materials on the ability of biofresh biological agents in inducing resistance of three maize varieties to sheath blight disease (Rhizoctonia solani)
Authors: Khaeruni A , Wijayanto T , Musa M H , Rahayu M , Rahman A , Satrah V N
Published: April 2020

The limited availability of fertile land and the existence of disease-causing pathogens are major obstacles to the development of maize plants. This study aimed to get at the effect of the composition of organic matters on the ability of Biofresh biological agents in inducing the resistance of three maize varieties to sheath blight disease. The study used a factorial Randomized Block Design. The first factor consisted of three levels, namely: V1 = Hybrid Variety BISI-2, V2 = Variety Pioneer-35, and V3 = Variety Pertiwi-3. The second factor consisted of three levels, namely: B0 = 100% inorganic fertilizer, B1 = Biofresh + bokashi + 50% inorganic fertilizer, B2 = Biofresh + Bokashi Plus + 50% inorganic fertilizer. The highest disease severity occurred in the independent treatments of V2 variety (38.19%), and B0 (49.25%), the highest AUDPC value occurred at treatment V2B0 (513.33% unit), the highest IPP was obtained at V3B2 treatment (52.78%), the highest increase in salicylic acid activity and peroxidase enzyme activity, from the vegetative phase to the generative phase, was found at V3B2 treatment, each at 1.34 and 1.21, respectively.
Morphology and germination of the candlenut seed (Aleurites moluccana) from Samosir Island-North Sumatra
Authors: Susilowati A , Dalimunthe A , Rachmat H H , Elfiati D , Sinambela P Y , Ginting I M , Larengkeng S H
Published: April 2020

Aleurites moluccana or locally known as kemiri or candlenut is domesticated multipurpose tree species found in Indonesia, particularly in North Sumatra. As one of high economic value commodities, candlenut can be adopted as agroforestry species, windbreak, soil immobilization and land rehabilitation for critical land that can improve community livelihood with a variety of benefits. Information regarding seed characteristics of the candlenut in North Sumatra Province and its germination strategies is still limited, whereas this information are needed to support candlenut cultivation. Therefore, this research was conducted to obtain information on morphology and germination process of the seed of candlenut. Direct measurement and observation of seed were quantified to observe the seed morphology. The germination process is also quantified through direct observation. The results of seed morphology showed that the candlenut had rough elliptical shell shape with about 6.08 cm in diameter and the shell thickness was approximately 2.56 cm. Germination process took 4-5 months with hypogeal germination type.
Productivity of soybean varieties (Glycine max (L.) Merill) in vegetative phases V4 and generative phases R1 classified waterlogged conditions by application of GA3 and salicylic acid (SA)
Authors: Girsang W I C , Damanik R I , Setiado H , Sipayung R
Published: April 2020

Water-saturated soil conditions or waterlogging conditions can cause a decrease in soybean productivity. Efforts to destroy crop loss due to inundation through cultivation techniques are considered acceptable so that need for good management in soybean cultivation. This study aims to expression at the productivity results of the three varieties namely Deja-1, Dering, and Anjasmoro with the inundation stress in the vegetative phases V4 and generative R1 phases with the use of Gibberellic acid (GA3) and Salicylic acid (SA). The submergence time is given for 72 h in the stated phase. The use of GA3 and Salicylic acid was given with 3 levels of concentration treatment namely GA3 (150 ppm) + salicylic acid (100 ppm), GA3 (200 ppm) + salicylic acid (150 ppm), and GA3 (250 ppm) + salicylic acid (200 ppm). The outcomes showed the application of GA3 and salicylic acid showed good production in the number of pods, number of seeds, and weight of seeds. However, the pressure of waterlogging affects the duration of flowering time so that it can cause loss of production.
The influence of Oryzalin concentrations on the plant growth of two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties
Authors: Silalahi C B , Sinuraya M , Hanafiah D S , Sipayung R
Published: April 2020

The aim of the research was to determine the influence of oryzalin concentration on the two tomato varieties (Var. Permata and Tymoti). The research was conducted in Agricultural Faculty’s screen house, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The research was used Factorial Randomized Block Design with the first factor was Tomato varieties (Var. Permata and Tymoti), and the second was concentration of Oryzalin (0 µM as control, 30 µM, 60 µM, 90 µM and 120 µM). Parameters observed 30 days after sowing were the plant height, leaf number and the stem diameter of both tomato varieties. The results showed that there was no variation between var. Permata and Tymoti in parameters observed. However, there were differences among plants growth treated plants by Oryzalin concentration. In general, the higher the concentration of oryzalin, the shorter the plant height, the fewer leaf number and the smaller stem diameter for both tomato varieties.
Distribution of narrow brown leaf spot disease of rice (Cercospora oryzae Miyake) in North Sumatra
Authors: Simanjuntak F A S , Safni I , Bakti D
Published: April 2020

Narrow brown leaf spot (NBLS) disease is an important disease in rice plants in Indonesia and other rice-producing countries in Asia. This disease has been reported as one of the main diseases of rice in rice-producing countries, including in Indonesia. This research was aimed to determine the distribution of narrow brown leaf spot deseasew which is caused by fungal pathogen Cercospora oryzae Miyake in North Sumatra. This research was conducted by survey method which calculated the disease incidence and disease severity of disease in rice plants in seven regions in the province of North Sumatra. The results showed that the disease intensity. The highest disease incidence and disease severity of NBLS disease was found in Siabal Abal Village, Sipahutar District of North Tapanuli with 100% of disease incidence and 95% of disease severity.
The role of bamboo shoot and shallot extracts combination as natural plant growth regulator on the growth of binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis.) in Medan
Authors: Manurung G C T , Hasanah Y , Hanum C , Mawarni L
Published: April 2020

The effect of bamboo shoots and shallots extract combination as natural plant growth regulator on the growth of binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis.). This research aim was to determine the effect of bamboo shoots and shallots extract combination as natural plant growth regulator on the growth of binahong. This research was conducted at the Universitas Sumatera Utara, Faculty of Agriculture Screen House from June to August 2019.The results of this research indicated that the selection of planting material from Aswad Medan Johor tends to increase plant length, shoot dry weight and root dry weight of binahong plants. The application of 40% bamboo shoot extract tends to increase the shoot dry weight of binahong plant and the application of 40% bamboo shoot extract + 40% shallot extract increased the root dry weight of the binahong plant.
Growth and production of several sweet potato genotypes (Ipomoea batatas L.) on various watering levels in rainfed paddy fields
Authors: Sobirin A , Rahmawati N , Irmansyah T
Published: April 2020

Watering using 3 levels of watering is able to increase production and plant growth, specifically on suboptimal lands. This research aim was to determine the growth and production of several sweet potato genotypes (Beta 1 varieties with orange tuber, Perbaungan Accession with orange tuber and Cengkeh Turi Accession with yellow tuber) on various levels of watering with 3 levels: very limited watering (watering up to 1 month, intervals 10 days), limited watering (watering up to 2 months, intervals 10 days) and optimum watering (watering up to 4 months, intervals 10 days) in rainfed paddy field. This research was conducted in the paddy fields of Tandem Hilir I Village, Deli Serdang on April-July 2019. The results of this research represent that local sweet potato genotypes have good production and growth responses in paddy field cultivation. Perbaungan accessions with orange tuber and Cengkeh Turi Accession with yellow tuber obtained the highest tuber length, tuber diameter, average tuber weight and harvest index compared to other genotypes. Application of watering with 3 levels in paddy fields proved not real on all observation parameters. Watering with 3 levels is best at limited watering (watering up to 2 months).
Detection of virus causes papaya ringspot virus - with the DAS-Elisa (Double Antibody Sandwich-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method at different levels in North Sumatra
Authors: Hartati L , Bakti D , Tantawi A R , Lisnawita
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to detect the papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) in papaya plants in papaya plantations in North Sumatra with the Double Antibody Sandwich-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA) method. Research activities began with a survey to several locations of papaya plantations by observing the symptoms of PRSV-P, and carrying out virus detection with DAS-ELISA. The results showed that there were several types of symptoms of PRSV-P disease, namely ring-shaped spots; stripes, mosaics and leaf malformations; stripes symptoms; dark green streaks on stems and stems.
Distribution and frequency paraquat resistant populations of Eleusine indica on cornfield in Karo Regency
Authors: Sinuraya O , Purba E , Hasanuddin
Published: April 2020

Karo Regency as the largest corn production centre in North Sumatra Province is at risk of having a high frequency of paraquat-resistant populations of Eleusine indica, this is due to the continuous use of paraquat for a long time. This study aims to determine the distribution and frequency paraquat-resistant population of E. indica on cornfield in Karo Regency. Sampling was conducted in March - July 2019. Weed seed samples were taken from six Sub-districts that have the largest corn production in Karo Regency. Resistance tests were conducted in August - September 2019 at the weed resistance research laboratory in the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Weed seeds from 72 suspected paraquat-resistant populations and 1 paraquat-sensitive population were planted each with 10 plants / pots and arranged using a Randomized Block Design in four replications. The paraquat dose used is the recommended dose of 600 g.b.a./ha. The application is carried out using an electric knapsack sprayer with teejetnozle and a spray volume of 320 L per hectare. The results of this study indicate that there are 70 populations (97.2%) of the paraquat-resistant category, 1 sample (1.4%) of the paraquat-resistant developing category and 1 population (1.4%) of the paraquat-sensitive category.
Man-Made Hazards Environmental Management in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)
Authors: Prohorov V A , Lukina N A
Published: April 2020

It is shown that the technological safety ensuring is in demand in the modern world, the person and society interests protection is impossible without the environment preservation. The safety problem of socio-natural-technogenic systems is relevant in the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The technological hazards specificity of the region’s territory is determined by the extreme climate characteristics. Probable man-made hazards on the republic territory are shown and the main indicators of water pollution are given. Common technogenic dangerous objects on the Republic territory are established: production associated with the extraction, transportation, oil and petroleum products storage and tailing dumps. Social components determined by the traditional environmental management violation and the way of indigenous peoples’ life are not sufficiently taken into account in the damages assessment. The basic principles of environmental policy are given.
Control of the Vessel Course using of PID-Regulator under Parametric Uncertainty
Authors: Grinyak V M , Pashin S S
Published: April 2020

The work is devoted to the problem of ensuring the safe movement of vessels in maritime waters. A special place within the framework of this problem is occupied by the task of planning the shipping route: the trajectory of the vessel’s movement in the local sea waters area and shipping route from the port of sailing out to the port of destination. The purpose of planning the vessel’s trajectory in the local sea waters area is to ensure navigation safety in the conditions of collective movement and geographical features of the waters area. In the present work the task of controlling the vessel when she is proceeding by the program trajectory is considered. The article notes that the inaccuracy of a preconceived ideas about the model of vessel movement can significantly affect the behavior of the vessel in the control processing, accuracy of control may become insufficient in circumstances of high traffic intensity, which can lead to dangerous approach of vessels. To solve this problem, it is proposed to include in the ship’s control system the PID - regulator operating on a deviation from the course, integral from this deviation and its derivative, and also, the function of identifying the model of motion of an object by the method of speed gradient, realizing a closed system. As a model of the vessel’s movement adopted well known model Nomoto of second order. The article is accompanied by the results of modeling the proposed ship control system. It is shown that it is able to operates within a single process in real time and respond adequately to changes of motion model parameters.
Methodology of New Ideas Formation in Water Resources Utilization Technology
Authors: Khetsuriani E D , Larin D C , Khetsuriani T E
Published: April 2020

Modern societal development, both at the level of the global system “Nature-Society-Person” and at the level of local watershed geosystems, is characterized by the increasing relevance of all aspects of the society interaction with multifaceted types of economic activity and Nature, which are expressed in the form of 10 major problems, of which the first three are the most important - Energy, Water and Food , as the solution of the remaining 7 problems (ecology, poverty, terrorism and war, diseases, education, population demography and democracy) is impossible without the solution of the first three [1, 3]. The systemic causal relationship between the problems of Energy, Water and Food causes a "dominant problem" over these problems, both at the planetary level of the Earth’s biosphere and at the level of local watershed geosystems, for example, the Kuban river, the Terek river, the Lower Don river and others. within the spatial limits of which almost all types of economic and other activities are conducted, including the water resources utilization in the agricultural industry.
Evaluation Methodology and Analysis of the Infrastructure of the Business Systems in the Russian Federation
Authors: Ostovskaya A A
Published: April 2020

The competitiveness of the national economy is defined by the development of entrepreneurship, small and medium-sized enterprises in particular. It additionally requires friendly environment, simple and clear-cut organization procedures and availability of the well-developed infrastructure in the regions. The institutional infrastructure of the business networks is a key factor in building an efficient system of tools of business stimulation and better adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises. The article studies the practicality of the infrastructural modernization in the regional businesses and focuses on the methodology of its development within the theory of regionalism. It deals with the range of theoretical issues characteristic of the approach in the framework of the economic science in Russia. The study presents a method of evaluating the infrastructure of business systems and defines the level of infrastructural development of the Russian regions
Ecological and Economic Evaluation of the Disturbed Lands Recultivation Projects in the Republic of Crimea
Authors: Ergina E I , Ergin S M , Sidorenko I Ya
Published: April 2020

The development of the extractive industry leads to the increase in the number of quarries on the territory of the Crimean peninsula and, as a consequence, to the increase of the area occupied by the disturbed lands requiring recultivation. The reclamation of such land plots on the basis of creating the necessary conditions for the development of regenerative successions of zonal vegetation on them and ultimately the formation of soils is much cheaper for land users. Therefore, studies of the rates of soil formation, including using the methods of mathematical modeling of the processes of formation of the humus horizon of the soil over time, have become relevant. Calculation of the economic efficiency of reclamation of the disturbed lands has been carried out for the Alexandrovskoye saw- limestone field in the Chernomorsky region of the Republic of Crimea. The assessment has been carried out within the framework of two models: mining engineering with further self-overgrowing of the reclaimed land plots under pastures and integrational, including both mining engineering and biological stages with possible carrying out a number of agrotechnical works on further improvement of pastures, based on the calculation of the cost-effectiveness indicator. This indicator is based on the selection of the best options for remediation work at the minimum value of the integral operational and investment costs and takes into account the effect of the time factor. The calculation results have shown that, in terms of cost-effectiveness, it is more rational to use the mining engineering model with further self-overgrowing of the sites to be reclaimed when it comes to the reclaiming of the disturbed lands of the Alexandrovskoye quarry.
Technogenesis and Geochemical Features of the Crimean Soils and Landscapes
Authors: Pasynkov A A , Ergina E I , Zhuk V O
Published: April 2020

The paper presents the results of field geo-environmental monitoring studies of the Crimean peninsula’s territory. The basis of the work lies in the results of the study of soil and lake bottom sediments conducted during the implementation of different-scale ecological, geochemical and hydrological studies in the period from 2003 to 2013. A large amount of factual material on the distribution of chemical elements in the soils and landscapes of the Crimea made it possible to analyze the current geochemical and ecological status of the territory for the first time. It is noted that technogenic pollution of soils and landscapes has increased in the Crimean Peninsula in recent years. Mining and agrogenic load on the soil are recognized as the most large-scale processes that transforms the peninsula’s landscapes.
Innovative Development of Subsoil Mining Complexes of Russia
Authors: Lebedev Yu V , Kokarev K V
Published: April 2020

In the consideration the facilities of the mining complex was approached using the interdisciplinary method based on accounting of the ecological, social, economic, technological factors. The «system of subsoil use» is considered as an aggregate developed subsoil areas and industrial production. They are united by the flow of energy, substance and information between themselves, with civil society and with natural environment. Considered two conditions for innovative development of mining complexes: formation of long-term motivation in subjects of economic activities and creation of long-term loan mechanisms. The main directions of innovative development of mining and industrial complexes are substantiated: the creation of new technologies for the extraction of minerals, advancing the world level in a number of studies, the development of public administration, the use of technogenic deposits and the restoration of damaged ecosystems, the digitization of subsoil processes, and the involvement of society in the organization of subsoil use.
Period of Blooming in the Plant Community as an Indicator of Human Impact (by Example of Komsomolsk-on-Amur)
Authors: Babkina S V , Safonova E V , Sheenko P S
Published: April 2020

Currently, phenology is actively used to display and study the effects of climate factors and human impacts on ecosystems. Researchers described phenological responses of plants to climatic and anthropogenic changes, as well as phenological features of alien species, as a factor determining the success of the invasion. In Komsomolsk-on-Amur (Khabarovsk region, The Far East of Russia) a database on the blooming of plants for the city residential areas and Silinsky forest was compiled on the basis of photo archive of plants. Silinsky forest is undisturbed woodland in the city. The flora of the Silinsky forest consists of 378 species of blooming plants, of which 329 plants are native species, 49 ones are alien species. The flowering plants flora of the residential areas of Komsomolsk-on-Amur consists of 518 species: 264 species are native, 254 ones are alien. Blooming was counted for decades. Comparative assessment of blooming periods was conducted for native and alien species taking into account their range and eco-phytocenotic preferences. There is a smoothing of typical features for the region in the more disturbed residential area. The alien fraction contributes to this. The June peak of blooming is disappearing, there is a shift of blooming to the end of summer. Thus, the phenological characteristics of the community can be used as an indicator of anthropogenic pressures.
The Metal Fatigue Failure Model under a Low- and High-Cycle Loading and Using the Temperature Effect
Authors: Oganyan E S , Volokhov G M , Gasyuk A S
Published: April 2020

The models of damages accumulation in machinery structural components in the process of their complex loading in a high- and low-cycle area are considered. It is established that the damage accumulation process under these conditions is not subjected to the linear hypothesis. The necessity to take into account the simultaneous action of a complex of operational loads of different levels with the formation of a generalized block of forces is shown. The description of manufacturing some typical welded structures of components classified by the stress concentration level in a given loading pattern and their influence on endurance limits of such components is provided. The study results of fatigue damage accumulation processes according to temperature analogs of material endurance limits are presented. Equations approximating their S-N curves are obtained.
The Technology of Thermochemical Processing of Wastes Enterprises of the Woodworking Industry in the Regulation of Environmental Pressure
Authors: Khasanshin R R , Safin R R , Valeev I A
Published: April 2020

The development of industry is always accompanied by an increase in the negative impact on nature. A variety of waste generated at the production stage for a long time is stored and accumulated. This is especially true for organic waste, the amount of which is steadily increasing as the industry develops. In this regard, the issue of their processing is becoming increasingly important. Currently, one of the optimal types of organic mass processing is pyrolysis. However, in most cases, thermochemical processing technologies, used at enterprises, are not capable of meeting modern requirements for energy consumption and environmental friendliness. The article investigates the high pressure effect on the process of thermochemical treatment of wood waste. As a result of processing the obtained data, the dependences of the duration of the process of thermal decomposition of wood and the output of charcoal on the pressure in the chamber, ambient temperature, size and humidity of the pyrolized wood raw material were determined. It has been established that with an increase in the process pressure, the duration of the process of thermochemical processing of wood waste decreases, and the output of coal increases.
Improvement of Constructions and Methodological Approaches in the Development of Two-Stage Gas Purification Devices Equipped with Parallel Flat Filter Cartridges Interconnected within One Vessel
Authors: Usachev A P , Biriukov A V , Soloviev V A
Published: April 2020

The article presents improved approaches to increase throughput capacity of a two-stage natural gas purification device by placing a row of parallel flat filter cartridges interconnected within one vessel with the inlet and outlet nozzles attached from different sides of the filter at the same height. The use of two-stage filters with the inlet and outlet nozzles attached from different sides of the filter allows to reduce the distance between adjacent gas reduction lines. Placing of the inlet and outlet nozzles at the same height decreases the height of the wall constructions required to place the reduction lines. The use of proposed gas purification devices allows the following: to increase the purification device capacity due to compact placing of the filtering surface in a unit volume of its vessel; to perform flexible increase in the filtering surface of the purification device due to the possibility of placing additional purification units into the device without reconstructing gas reduction cabinet; to reduce the cost of purification by increasing the total area of filtering cartridges and, consequently, reducing the number of cleaning operations; to reduce the area of the place allocated for purification device, as well as to reduce heating costs. We obtained the dependence regarding definition of specific integral area of parallel pleated filter cartridges, taking into account the filtering surface shape and geometrical parameters of the pleats. As a result, we came up with a formula to evaluate the efficiency of placing filtering surface within the vessel of the proposed purification device with parallel filtering cartridges, as compared with the most advanced analogue with a single cylindrical filter cartridge.