bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPAWNING OF BLACK GHOST KNIFEFISH, Apteronotus albifrons WITH DIFFERENT SEX RATIOS
Authors: Maulana Fajar , Soelistyowati Dinar Tri , Furqon Muhammad Fadlan
Published: June 2021

Black ghost knifefish, Apteronotus albifrons, is a South America-introduced ornamental fish species that has been widely cultivated in Indonesia. Some farmers breed this fish with different sex ratios, but the optimum sex ratio remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the spawning behavior and reproductive performance of black ghost knifefish with different sex ratios. The treatments in this study were arranged in a completely randomized design consisting of different sex ratios between males and females, namely: A (one male : three females), B (two males : three females), and C (three males : three females). Each treatment was done in triplicate. The broodstock were maintained in an aquarium (80 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm) and fed with bloodworm twice a day. The water was changed every day as much as 60% of the total volume. During the experiment, the parameters of spawning behavior, number of fish spawning, number of eggs, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and daily spawning frequencies were observed. The observation was done for seven days. The study results showed that black ghost knifefish spawned at night (11 pm - 2 am). The mating and spawning occurred between one male and one female. Competition between males was observed in the treatments indicated by aggressive movements of a male toward the others, such as sudden approaching, chasing, and driving away the others. Fish in treatment-B spawned consistently from day-1 to day-5. Fish in treatment-A spawned from day-2 to day-4, while fish in treatment-C spawned only on day-7. The reproductive performance parameters showed no significant difference in all treatments except the hatching rate parameter of treatment-B. The study concludes that better reproductive performance of black ghost knifefish, A. albifrons can be achieved with a spawning ratio of two males and three females. Further research on individual and mass spawning methods with the best spawning ratio of the fish is required.
POLLUTION INDEX AND ECONOMIC VALUE OF VANNAMEI SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) FARMING IN INDONESIA
Authors: Bosman Ofan , Soesilo Tri Edhi Budhi , Rahardjo Sinung
Published: June 2021

Shrimp farming has contributed a large share in Indonesia’s aquaculture portfolio for at least a decade, and a national plan to increase shrimp production by 250% has been recently laid out. However, boosting shrimp productions could lead to unintended consequences in environmental and socio-economic negative impacts. The rapid development of vannamei farming in Java has increased coastline land clearings and demands of fertilizers, feeds, and chemicals to sustain the farming activities. Such pressures will eventually lead to a reduced environmental capacity and the farming efficiency itself. This study aimed to study the environmental impacts and business performance of intensive shrimp farming in Indonesia. The study was conducted in Aquaculture Business Center (ABC) in Karawang for four months, from July to October 2020. In-situ and ex-situ measurements of water quality parameters were done at six sampling stations directly post-harvest water discharge. The measured parameters consisted of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia (NH3), nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4), alkalinity, and salinity. Pollution Index (PI) was used as the primary method to determine the environmental impacts of the shrimp farming. The R/C Ratio was used to analyze the business performance of the company. The results showed that the water quality index in the ABC area was categorized as lightly polluted in station 1 (PIj 4.52) and station 5 (PIj 4.37), moderately polluted in station 2 (PIj 6.24), station 3 (PIj 6.72), and station 4 (PIj 6.13) and heavily polluted in station 6 (PIj 111.06). The determined R/C ratio was 1.10, meaning that the shrimp farming is classified as economically profitable. Although the shrimp farming’s economic performance value is very good, the water conditions affected by waste from the shrimp pond culture will reduce the R/C ratio in the future if not properly managed.
The Culture-Centred Paradigm in Contemporary Art
Authors: Zaks Lev
Published: June 2021

This article aims to explain the general features of contemporary art and its radical novelty. While recognising the importance of postmodernism as a marker of the boundary of cultural epochs, the author argues that it is impossible either to reduce the features of contemporary art to postmodernism or to explain them through the foundations of postmodernism. In its own way, postmodernism sums up the great past of the history of humankind. Contemporary art expresses the trends of its development and movement towards the future of human civilization. Several examples illustrate the novel essence of contemporary art – its appeal to the representation and mastery of diverse cultural phenomena as an independent and self-sufficient specific reality. The universality and growing scale of contemporary art that concentrates on cultural phenomena make it necessary to link its emergence and characteristics to the radical socio-cultural evolution (peaceful revolution) of our era. The essence and scale of this unfolding process lie in the qualitative growth of productive nature-transforming and socio-organising, material, informational, and spiritual abilities of culture both as a specific and universal way of existence and development for human societies and individuals and as a particular world (“supra-natural”). The scale of the power and impact of culture on the life of modern humanity and each person and the visible prospects of its future progress are such that they are capable of transforming culture from “second nature” (its traditional definition) into first nature – the main determining principle of the life of humankind. This objective process defines a qualitative change of the entire cultural consciousness, first and foremost the subsystem most sensitive to novelty and responsive to radical alterations of cultural life, i. e. artistic consciousness. This is expressed by the birth, establishment, and evolution of a new culture-centred paradigm of cultural consciousness alongside the one which has existed for millennia, programmed to represent nature and human life (nature-centred).
Protest Reactions to Contemporary Art Exhibitions: Origins and Symbols of Public Ressentiment
Authors: Gomes Carolina-Joanna , Kruglova Tatyana
Published: June 2021

This article examines the peculiarities of protests against the offensive content of artworks in the context of one of the most significant discoveries of modern society, the public sphere and its historical transformations. Art is one of the most sensitive indicators of the state of values and symbols, which makes it vulnerable, forming a space for various protests. A distinction is made between conflicts around art that have an etiology within the enlightenment paradigm and modern types of conflicts, in which the accusation that art offends the public and social groups dominates. The initiative for protests in modern culture comes from a public that perceives art in contrast to the previous dominant powers. The discourse of offence lies at the centre of art-related conflict, since the content of protest is heavily loaded with symbolic connotations (ethical, religious, political, ethnic, etc.). The authors analyse offense and its genesis in the modern. It is argued that the source of ressentiment is not within art, but outside it, in the public sphere, while the work is perceived as a medium or symbol of this source. In order to provide a systematic description of protests against art, the authors propose the concept of ressentiment as a mental and value attitude (M. Scheler), in which emphasis is placed on the significance of the long-term attitude that results from the repression of affects. Due to the inhibition of the response impulse, the reaction is transferred to another object. This explains the displacement of the negative reaction from the real cause of suffering to objects of a symbolic nature, in this case to the world of art. Based on the phases of development of ressentiment and its structural elements (themes, social environment, actors) identified by Ch. Pak and using discourse analysis of materials from the public sphere (media, social networks), a case study was examined: an exhibition by the photographer Jock Sturges, Absence of Shame (Moscow) in 2016–2017. It is proved that the motivator of the protest was not the exhibition itself, but the content of the blogger’s posts, the discourse around it, and other ways of representing the biography and oeuvre of the photographer in the public sphere. It is shown that ressentiment as an attitude is formed from the outside and seeks material for its establishment in the outside world. For the formation of a conflict, a preliminary formulation of the discourse of offence is necessary: further dissemination by public groups can consolidate affects and turn them into actions. Provocative art, which violates the boundaries of aesthetic conventions of the art field, risks becoming an object of substituted protest when entering the public sphere.
The Films of Aleksey Fedorchenko: Between Cultural Mythmaking and Playing with a Document
Authors: Nemchenko Lilia
Published: June 2021

This article studies the films of Alexey Fedorchenko in order to discover the dominant features of his artistic world. This is based on the guiding principles of documentary filmmaking, with its commitment to fact, the reliability of archival sources, trust in physical reality, and addressing the laws of the art of presentation, where a free play with reality becomes a dominant feature in its most diverse forms from documentation to mystification. The director creates his own coherent world of fiction and non-fiction, based on strategies of the cultural matrix of mythmaking as a means of understanding and experiencing the “arrangement” of the world. The purpose of the article is to study Fedorchenko’s films in order to discover the dominant feature of his artistic world. The first methodological basis for the analysis of his films is a cultural concept of art where art is understood not only as the self-consciousness of culture, but also as an object that depends on all subsystems of culture, both material and spiritual. The cinematography of Fedorchenko stems from a special type of artistic consciousness, which determines (predetermines) the subject and conceptual sphere of his artistic expression. Analysing the films of Fedorchenko, the author identifies the dominant feature of his artistic consciousness, which is focused on a reflective attitude towards culture and traditions. This type of artistic consciousness is understood as culture-centric. The culture-centric type of artistic consciousness ignores nature and its mimetic imitation, but at the same time, the dominating idea determining the source of artistic creation becomes a conscious attitude to culture as material that requires interpretation in a new context, as a space that generates meanings. Fedorchenko uses myth as source material and cultural space in his films. However, he does not deal with the cinematic adaptation of myths. He creates them on his own, using the logic of a mythological narrative, the peculiarities of mythological space and time. That is why the second methodological basis of the article is the classical concepts from A. Losev, R. Barthes and M. Eliade. The author mostly refers to documentaries and feature films by the director, as well as his mockumentaries. The study identifies certain algorithms in which documentary historical events acquire the characteristics of myth, and mythmaking becomes a key to understanding the truth.
Anna Akhmatova’s Mystery: Word and Image
Authors: Mikhailova Olga , Snigireva Tatiana
Published: June 2021

A comprehensive analysis of the word тайна (“mystery”) and its image in Anna Akhmatova’s art demonstrates how insistently Akhmatova created an aura of mystery around her life. The intentional duality of her birth date; the modelling of the image of her childhood as a period when she became aware of her otherness; the legend of a precocious gift of vision and foresight, which is relevant to the image of Akhmatova’s persona (Cassandra – Moon Maiden – enchantress –Chingisidess) and is also associated with the main spheres of her poetry: antiquity, the magical power of poetry, and history. The article identifies the actualisation of “Akhmatova’s mystery” in different aspects: biographical, personally identificatory, and poetical proper. Rigorous linguistic analysis involving corpus-based data makes it possible to establish the special position the word тайна plays in Anna Akhmatova’s vocabulary and provide a justification of its status as an idioglossia. The word тайна in Akhmatova’s poems organizes a wide thematical and associative field around itself, whose units are frequently used and assume an individual significance. The poems contain all meanings of the lexeme тайна that are used in the language system, and all the lexical-semantic variants are consolidated by the seme “unknown information”. The invariant meaning of the word тайна is attributed to the opposition “knowledge – ignorance”. The semantic complex of the lexeme in poetry is also strengthened by the meaning “arcane knowledge, involvement in mystery, and reaching the truth”. It is established that the lexically invariable image of тайна, which can also be seen as a leitmotif, is found in all the themes conceptually significant for Akhmatova: destiny, art, and love. Only on one occasion is the image of mystery not marked by a word but instead grows out of the atmosphere of the poem, which is conterminous to secret fear and mystical terror. Secret as something irrational, inexplicably horrifying is almost certainly commonly found in poems about time and space, where the poet’s daily life takes place. The fear of enclosed space and swift-flowing time is empowered by life circumstances, in which the poet’s creative expression of will is materialised. This fear is born out of the primary knowledge of limits, beyond which a human being is not allowed to go. The analysis of the word тайна and its image in the poet’s art leads the authors to conclude that the externally austere, but internally counterintuitive harmony of Anna Akhmatova’s poetry is created along the fine line between the impermissible and the unrestricted, the secret and the explicit, the mystical and the rational.
The Poetics of Mysticism in Lyudmila Ulitskaya’s Prose
Authors: Szabó Tünde
Published: June 2021

We often find the Soviet past at the core of Lyudmila Ulitskaya’s works, and most critics agree that the description of everyday life and historicity are fundamental principles of her prose. Nonetheless, episodes which record the characters’ mystical experiences play a fairly significant part in Ulitskaya’s works. However, they receive considerably less attention in research on her oeuvre. In this paper, the author focuses on the mystical component of Ulitskaya’s novels and most recent short stories and attempts to define the thematic and structural characteristics of the mystical episodes. In the first part of the paper, the author reviews the constant elements of the characters’ mystical experiences in different works. These experiences are primarily connected with encountering death and are based on the character’s borderline position and the permeability of the frontier between “reality” and the afterworld. This frontier is marked out by recurrent motifs, which symbolically bestow upon death the meaning of transformation (transubstantiation) and revival. From a structural point of view, the delineation of the frontier between the two worlds can be explained, among others, through the characteristics of fantasy. In the second part of the paper, the article examines this aspect of the mystical episodes of Ulitskaya’s works with reference to Tzvetan Todorov’s concept, which defines the fantastical as an interim phenomenon between the “uncanny” and the “miraculous”. The characters’ mystical experiences in the episodes examined here receive a rational explanation (dream, hallucination before dying, psychological disorder), which cancels their fantastic nature. As a result of this duality of a rational explanation and the simultaneous uncertainty about judging the experience, the mystical episodes of Ulitskaya’s works can be categorised as “fantastical and uncanny”. When these episodes are examined from the point of view of the properties of the genuinely mystical texts, we find a “profane mysticism”, primarily as a result of the neutrality of the narrator’s discourse, the blurriness of the difference between what is real and what is supernatural, and the proximity of the narrator’s and the author’s positions.
Catherine the Great’s Byzantium
Authors: Ivanov Sergey
Published: June 2021

Catherine II inspired many Russian projects in historical studies. She herself was an active, if amateur, historian. The empress eagerly used history to promote her own political ideas and was an avid reader of history, both Russian and ancient. But what about Byzantine history? One would think she would have been interested in it as well, since between the late 1770s and the early 1790s, Catherine was enraptured by a plan to dismember the Ottoman Empire and recreate Byzantium with the capital in Constantinople. In her view, her youngest grandson (born in 1779) was to rule this future empire and was deliberately named Konstantin. This “Greek Project”, broadly regarded to have been the main thrust of Russian foreign policy for fifteen years, had very solid cultural “wrappings” such as architectural projects, poetry, drama, paintings, medals, etc. The author examines whether this campaign was accompanied by a deeper interest in and knowledge of the history of the Byzantium that Catherine wanted to revive. The author concludes that the empress did not bother to learn anything about this great civilization. Byzantine history, apart from Russo-Byzantine relations, did not become a subject of scholarly research during her reign. Catherine herself began reading Edward Gibbon’s The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, but gave it up on the eighth volume of its French translation, thus going no further than the fifth century, when Byzantium proper was just emerging. In her play Oleg’s Early Rule, she demonstrated complete ignorance of Byzantine history, culture, court ceremonies, etc. Finally, numerous and blatant errors in the “Byzantine” parts of her Notes on Russian History suggest that Catherine had no interest in or “a big picture” of Byzantine history. Only once in this extensive book, and even then only in a footnote, do we suddenly come across a very precise, thoughtful, and detailed description of Byzantine facts, namely, of the Varangian guards at the imperial court of Constantinople. This suggests that when Catherine deemed a subject important, she was able to find exhaustive information on any “Byzantine” question. Yet, of all things Byzantine, Catherine showed interest in only one issue, and that was because it concerned the “Norman question”, a highly sensitive topic in her time and ever since. Otherwise, the empress remained completely indifferent to Byzantium. It can be surmised that Catherine never saw the “Greek Project” as a practical task of recreating a real state with its distinct laws, officials, territorial division and, finally, church.
Perbandingan Penggunaan Masker Anestesi Berpewangi dengan Masker Anestesi Tidak Berpewangi terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Anak pada Induksi Inhalasi
Authors: Nugraha Deni , Bisri Dewi Yulianti , Halimi Radian Ahmad
Published: June 2021

Induksi inhalasi dapat memberikan pengalaman emosi yang traumatis terhadap anak seperti perasaan terkekang atau tercekik selama bernapas melalui masker dan bau yang tajam dari gas anestesi. Salah satu pendekatan nonfarmakologis yang dapat dilakukan adalah menggunakan masker beraroma buah-buahan sebelum induksi. Modifikasi sederhana dengan mengoleskan lip balm dengan wangi buah pada permukaan dalam masker anestesi merupakan salah satu pendekatan yang efektif dan murah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbandingan pengaruh penggunaan masker anestesi berpewangi dibanding dengan masker anestesi tidak berpewangi terhadap tingkat kecemasan anak pada induksi inhalasi. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode uji klinis acak terkontrol buta tunggal secara prospektif terhadap 38 anak berusia 4–12 tahun yang menjalani anestesi umum dengan status fisik american society of anesthesiologist (ASA) I–II di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Subjek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok yang mendapat masker berpewangi dan kelompok yang mendapat masker tidak berpewangi. Tingkat kecemasan anak di ruang persiapan dan kamar operasi dinilai menggunakan skala modified yale preoperative anxiety scale (MYPAS). Skala MYPAS adalah baku emas untuk evaluasi kecemasan anak yang terdiri atas 22 penilaian dalam 5 kategori dengan realibilitas dan validitas tinggi. Analisis statistik dengan Uji Mann-Whitney. Tingkat kecemasan anak pada kelompok masker berpewangi secara bermakna lebih rendah dibanding dengan kelompok masker tidak berpewangi (p=0,000), namun penilaian di ruang persiapan tidak menunjukkan hasil yang bermakna (p=0,07). Kesimpulan penelitian adalah penggunaan masker anestesi berpewangi pada induksi inhalasi menghasilkan tingkat kecemasan anak yang lebih rendah dibanding dengan penggunaan masker anestesi tidak berpewangi.
Theoretical reflections of Leininger’s cross-cultural care in the context of Covid-19
Authors: Almeida Graziela Maria Ferraz de , Nascimento Tayomara Ferreira , Silva Rosemary Pereira Lino da , Bello Marielle Poyo , Fontes Cassiana Mendes Bertoncello
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Objective To reflect on cross-cultural care for the population based on the theoretical assumptions and concepts of Leininger’s Transcultural Theory, related to the recommendations for combating the Covid-19 pandemic. Method Reflective theoretical study based on culturally competent care, related to the Brazilian reality, using the conceptual attributes of care, culture, and worldview. Critically articulated the reasonings about the guidelines for preserving, accommodating, and repatterning actions for the care of people. Results The nurse must know cross-cultural care in order to consider individual and/or collective treatment and respect the existing differences in beliefs and values. This premise corroborates the adherence to Covid-19 prevention and treatment recommendations. The lack of knowledge about the transmissibility and invisibility of the virus and the risk factors, combined with the cultural diversity of the population, can make it difficult to adhere to health recommendations. Final considerations Cross-cultural care favors the practice of health education and can provide conditions for greater adherence of the population to nursing actions.
Heroines in Covid-19 times: visibility of nursing in the pandemic
Authors: Begnini Danusa , Cicolella Dayane de Aguiar , Freitas Kelly Ribeiro de , Maranhão Thaís , Rocha Cristianne Maria Famer , Kruse Maria Henriqueta Luce
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the visibility of Nursing workers through images, which circulated in the media during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods Cultural analysis that aims to articulate the image and its effects with theories from authors in the field of Cultural Studies. Results Six figures were selected in which nurses are portrayed as heroines to fight Covid-19 and are promoted from supporting actor to main character, combining the care strategy with the scientific discourse of defense of social isolation. The images portray them as women who face labor suffering from strenuous work and prolonged use of personal protective equipment. Final considerations The pandemic, has highlighted speeches related to health work, where we see images of nurses as heroines who organize the chaos and bring order to the “frontline”, making the idealization of Nursing visible.
Physical Education and Leisure Time Activities Among Pupils With and Without Hearing Loss
Authors: Změlíková Aneta , Kurková Petra
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to analyse differences among Czech pupils’ with/without hearing loss related to feelings and opinions on physical education classes; sport preferences in physical education classes; and leisure time activities at the lower secondary schools for the deaf. 

Materials and methods. Participants were 83 pupils with hearing loss (n = 41; 49.4%) and pupils without hearing loss (n = 42; 50.6%); an average age of them was 14.3 ± 1.3 years. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test, Fisher exact test, Chi-square test were used for statistical analyses. For calculation of effect size coefficient abs(r) was used. All tests were performed at a level of 0.05. 

Results. Pupils without hearing loss are more likely to express disappointment due to cancellation of a physical education class than pupils without hearing loss (Z = –2.168; p = 0.029). A statistically significant difference was found in preference for the various physical education activities and in leisure activities, where pupils without hearing loss prefer dancing (χ2 = 8.622; p = 0.003), whereas pupils with hearing loss prefer volleyball (χ2 = 14.833; p = 0.00001). In terms of leisure time activities, pupils with hearing loss spent their leisure time watching television significantly more often (χ2 = 5.198; p = 0.023). 

Conclusion. Both groups do not differ in feelings and opinions on physical education in terms of popularity, difficulty, importance, effort during physical education. On the contrary, differences in feelings associated with the cancellation of physical education or preference of activities in physical activities in physical education and leisure time appeared.
Os Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REA) Como Apoio à Formação Continuada Docente
Authors: Santos Aline da Costa Silva , Oliveira Thássya Maria Dias de , Oliveira Mariza da Gama Leite de
Published: June 2021

ResumoO artigo analisa a contribuição das novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação para o trabalho docente na atualidade. Busca contribuir para o aprimoramento da formação continuada de professores, conscientizando-os da necessidade de conhecerem os principais desafios que as mudanças tecnológicas trazem para o ensino; pretende também lançar um olhar crítico sobre a eficácia das políticas públicas, no sentido de inserir nas escolas públicas recursos e profissionais capacitados. Como apoio à formação continuada docente, são apresentados os recursos educacionais abertos (REA) que promovem a educação aberta, incentivam práticas de colaboração e compartilhamento, facilitam o acesso ao conhecimento e incentivam os professores e estudantes a serem coautores na produção de materiais para fins educacionais. A metodologia utilizada é a pesquisa bibliográfica, incluindo busca a sites como domínio público, TV escola e portal do professor. O estudo concluiu que apesar das falhas nas políticas públicas, e a falta de investimento em informática educativa na educação pública, há repositórios que podem contribuir para a formação continuada de professores, de iniciativa do ministério de educação; mas infelizmente são pouco visitados pelos docentes ou usados pelas instituições para formação em serviço.
Palavras-chave: Recursos Educacionais Abertos. Formação Continuada. Ferramentas Digitais.
AbstractThe article analyzes the contribution of new information and communication technologies to teaching work today. It seeks to contribute to the improvement of the continuing education of teachers, making them aware of the need to know the main challenges that technological changes bring to teaching; it also intends to take a critical look at the effectiveness of public policies, in the sense of inserting resources and trained professionals in public schools. In support of continuing teacher education, open educational resources (OER) are presented that promote open education, encourage collaboration and sharing practices, facilitate access to knowledge and encourage teachers and students to be co-authors in the production of materials for educational purposes. The methodology used is bibliographic research, including search for sites such as public domain, TV school and teacher portal. The study concluded that despite the flaws in public policies, and the lack of investment in educational computing in public education, there are repositories that can contribute to the continuing education of teachers, initiated by the ministry of education; but unfortunately they are seldom visited by teachers or used by institutions for in-service training.
Keywords: Open Educational Resources. Continuing Education. Digital Tools.
A Ruptura do Nexo de Causalidade Diante da Contaminação pelo Vírus da COVID-19 em Vítimas de Disparos de Arma de Fogo
Authors: Rampinelli Luan Paixão
Published: June 2021

ResumoO trabalho em epígrafe busca a análise detida da ocorrência ou não da ruptura do nexo de causalidade em morte decorrente de contaminação pelo vírus da COVID-19 em casos de vítimas de disparos de arma de fogo. Trata-se de estudo de notável importância para a seara do Direito Penal, uma vez ser notória a existência de debates sobre a existência do nexo de causalidade em casos específicos. Partindo-se deste pressuposto se torna imperiosa a interpretação, ainda que de forma crítica, das teorias adotadas pelo Código Penal sobre o nexo causal, perquirindo se a regra ou se a exceção deve ser adotada na situação fática ora analisada. O estudo, para tanto, analisa as interpretações doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais em hipóteses semelhantes sobre o nexo de causalidade em vítimas de disparos de arma de fogo. Por fim, concluída a análise das questões mencionadas se tornou inconteste a necessidade de se aferir, na hipótese em tela, se há ou não a ruptura do nexo de causalidade, interferindo na própria tipificação do delito, seja na modalidade consumada, seja na modalidade tentada a depender da ruptura ou não do nexo causal. Palavras-chave: Nexo Causal. COVID-19. Concausas. AbstractThis study aims to analyze the occurrence or not of the rupture of the causal link in death from contamination by the virus of COVID-19 in cases of firearm shots victims. This is a study of notable importance in criminal law, since there are notorious debates about the existence of a causal link in specific cases. Based on this assumption, it is imperative to analyze, albeit in a critical way, the theories adopted by the criminal law on the causal link, investigating whether the rule or the exception should be adopted in the factual situation here analyzed. The study, therefore, analyzes the doctrinal and jurisprudential interpretations in similar hypotheses about the causal link in firearm shots victims. Finally, after the analysis of the aforementioned issues was completed, the need to assess, in the hypothesis, whether or not there is a rupture of the causal link, interfering in the classification of the crime, whether in the consummated or in the attempted modality, to depend on the rupture or not of the causal nexus. Keywords: Causal Link; COVID-19; Concauses.
Assessment of clinical efficacy of nefopam hydrochloride in lumbar disc prolapse patients in secondary care hospital
Authors: Samarpana Suligeri , Chamundeswari Yerukala , Jagadeesh K. , Venkatesh C. , Vinod G. , Kodiganti Raghu
Published: June 2021

Background: In this study assessing the efficacy of 30 mg of nefopam hydrochloride in lumbar disc prolapse patients.Methods: This was a prospective observational study. This study was carried out about 6 months in secondary care hospital. 100 patients are involved in this study. Patient documentation forms, visual analogue scale, patient counselling forms are the materials for this study. In this study patients visiting the Hospital with low back pain patients are included in the study. Pregnancy patients and failed back syndrome are excluded in the study. Results: In this study different age groups of patients as follows 21 patients in 20-30 years of age, 31 patients in 30-40 years of age, 37 patients in 40-60 years of age, 11 patients in 60-80 years of age.Percentage of pain relief of Nefopam hydrochloride drug therapy as follows, 23 patients in 10-20%, 16 patients in 20-40%, 38 patients in 40-60%, 16 patients in 60-80%, 7 patients in 80-100%. Assessing pain intensity in no. of patients after nefopam hydrochloride drug therapy are as follows 10patients has no pain, 28patients has mild pain, 34patients moderate pain, 15 patients has severe pain, 13 patients are worst pain.Conclusions: In current study demonstrated that the analgesic efficacies of nefopam hydrochloride in low back pain patients. Nefopam shows better action in mild, moderate, severe and worst pain. Nefopam shows high efficacy.
Urine analysis in KUB calculi in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sulochana Sonti , Fatima Jenifer , Siddartha Jalavadi Rahul , N. V. Subash Kolappan
Published: June 2021

Background: This study was conducted to study the complete urine examination in patients presented with stones in kidney ureter and bladder.Methods: A retrospective study was done in patients with KUB stones who are attended OP or admitted in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. The data was collected from the Department of Urology, Radiology and Clinical pathology and entered in excel sheet, analysed descriptively. In our study 1000 cases were found to be CT-KUB and their urine samples are examined by dipstick method, microscopic examination and computed tomography (kidney ureter bladder) remain the most accurate imaging modality to detect kidney stones and to direct management.Results: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1000 patients with KUB stones and their urine examination was done. CT-KUB stones are found in the kidney of 540 patients, ureter- 440 patients, bladder- 20 patients respectively. In our study 17-70 years age group of patients were presented with stones and their urine examination showed RBC (30%), protein (21%), pus cells and leukocytes (26%).Conclusions: The present study found abnormal components are present in urine of KUB stone patients such as Red blood cells, Protein, Pus cells and leukocytes present. Hence it is mandatory to check the urine examination in-KUB Stone patients to prevent the further consequences in kidney, ureter and bladder.
Clinical and radiological profile of patients with cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Vidyasagar Sudha , Peddu Aasish , Bolanthakodi Nandakrishna , Amrutha Cynthia
Published: June 2021

Background: Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (CVT) is one of the common causes of stroke in young people. It is a relatively uncommon neurologic disorder that is potentially reversible with prompt diagnosis and appropriate medical care. The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical and radiological features aiding diagnosis of cortical vein thrombosisMethods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2015 to May 2017 in tertiary care centre in Manipal after institutional ethical clearance. A total of 46 patients diagnosed with CVT were included in the study. Clinical symptoms and signs at admission and radiological features were documented.Results: A total of 46 subjects were included. Males (53.3%) were more affected than females (46.7%), mostly in the 3rd decade. The most common risk factors were polycythaemia (31.1%) and oral contraceptive pill intake (17.7%). Headache was the most common symptom followed by paralysis and seizures. Multiple sinuses were involved in two-thirds of the patients. Superior sagital sinus thrombosis was the most common sinus involved followed by transverse sinus thrombosisConclusions: The most common clinical feature is headache followed by paresis and seizures. Superior saggital sinus thrombosis is more common than transverse and sigmoid sinus thrombosis in Indian population. Normal CT scan of brain doesn’t rule out cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.
Career choices, career related stress and need for career counselling and guidance among young secondary school students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ain Syed Najmul , Gilani Mohamad Azhar , Lone Kouser Sideeq
Published: June 2021

Background: Career is one of the factors that determine the future of an individual. Vocational dimension is an important one which may influence the health of a person. The objective of this study was to find out the career choices among secondary school students in district Baramulla of the Kashmir valley and to find out the career related self-reported stress among the students.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out in 2018 for a period of one month. A self-administered pre-designed questionnaire was distributed among students of class 9th and 10th availing tuitions from a private tuition centre. The information was collected regarding the socio-demographic characteristics, career choices, other information related to career, and self-reported career related stress. The data was entered in Microsoft excel 2010 and analysed using SPSS version 23.Results: A total of 100 students participated. Mean age of the students was 15.19±0.84 years with 57% females. Ninety seven percent of the students had been thinking about their career for quite some time. Most of the students wanted to pursue MBBS (52%) followed by engineering (14%). Seventy-four percent of the students were of the opinion that career counselling was necessary. Nineteen percent of students were stressed about their career.Conclusions: Most of the students had already decided on their career but many were stressed and unsure about what path to choose. About 74% of the students were of the opinion that there should be career counselling and guidance available for the students so that they are able to take the right decisions at the right time.
The influence of the managerial functions of the head of the room on the performance of nurses in performing nursing care in RS Royal Prima Medan 2020
Authors: Wulandari Beni , Ginting Chrismis Novalinda , Lubis Yoland Eliza Putri , Girsang Ermi
Published: June 2021

Background: Managerial function consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and the controlling. This study aimed to determine the effect of head of ward managerial function on the performance of individual nurses in implementing nursing care at inpatient room of public hospital Royal Prima Medan.Methods: The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the managerial function of the head of room on the performance of nurses in carrying out nursing care in the Royal Prima Medan hospital. Type of research quantitative observational analytic design cross sectional study. Sample with purposive sampling of at least 15 respondents.Results: On the results obtained the influence between the planning function (p=0.919) there is no relationship between individual performance, organizing function (p=0.020) there is an influence of the relationship between individual performance, the function of direction (p=0.919) there is no relationship between individual performance and the supervisory function (p=0.020) there is an influence of the relationship between individual performance.Conclusions: The results of this study are used as input and material for consideration for the Royal Prima Medan hospital in making decisions, especially in addressing the problem of managerial function so that the Royal Prima Medan hospital is growing and can carry out managerial functions properly.
Effects of sensory stimulation on balance and postural control in diabetic neuropathy: systematic review
Authors: Giri Hetal S. , Borkar Pradeep
Published: June 2021

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a complication of Diabetes Mellitus and is the most common noncommunicable disease. It involves decreases in the sensations and Lower extremity strength leading to reduce dynamic stability in balance and postural control. The purpose of the study is to review the effects of sensory stimulation interventions on Balance and Postural control in Diabetic peripheral neuropathy. A systematic review was conducted following the centers for Goggle scholar, PUBMED and science direct database using the keywords Sensory Stimulation, Balance, Postural control, Diabetic neuropathy. The time frame of the search was from 2006 to 2021. The review resulted in search of 18 articles with duration from 1 day to 26 weeks with a total population of 1,422 diabetes Mellitus type I and type II patients from the year 2006 to 2021. There were strong evidences of effects of sensory stimulation on postural control and Balance with noticeable difference in DPN. Based on our analysis results, most of the study stated that Vibration, Plantar Massages, Kinesiotaping, Rocker shoe, Vibromedical insole, Conventional exercises with proprioception stimulation, Mechanical noise have shown significant difference on balance and postural control. Whereas, offloading devices did not show any remarkable variance. The currently existing studies require a clear recommendation on whether which intervention is more effective. Thus, longer duration studies are required to improve balance and postural control in Diabetic Neuropathy.
Post COVID-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults: a new clinical challenge
Authors: Babu T. Suresh , Sinha Sudhir Chandra , Darimireddy Siva Kumar , Chakravarthy K. Kalyan , Sagar Kotipalli Vidya
Published: June 2021

The spectrum of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to evolve since its outbreak in November 2019. Although COVID-19 most commonly causes substantial respiratory pathology, it can also result in several extra pulmonary manifestations. Association between COVID-19 disease and a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and adolescents has now been well defined. However, case reports describing a similar phenomenon in adults are sparse. We presented a case of 42 year old male who presented 3 weeks after initial COVID-19 infection with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction, splenic artery thrombosis, generalized anasarca, with hepatic and renal dysfunction, but minimal respiratory symptoms. He had a turbulent hospital course. However timely suspicion of presence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult (MIS-A) and use of hemoadsorption filters helped to save his life.
Tuberculosis: through the artist’s eye
Authors: Sukumar Cynthia A.
Published: June 2021

The history of medicine and art have intersected at several instances over time. Centuries ago, even when many diseases were obscure, art has shed some light over early clinical features and signs of many diseases. This article describes Leonardo Da Vinci’s famous sketch, “The Five Grotesque Heads” and highlights the hints of reference to the age-old infection of tuberculosis. Da vinci’s eye for detail has been known to capture several startling anatomical and pathological features of diseases, which were largely unknown at his time. However, these subtle references give us insight into the clinical presentation of the timeless disease of tuberculosis through the ages.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with low birth weight babies-a cross sectional study
Authors: Gopal Gurunathan
Published: June 2021

Background: Babies with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams, irrespective of the period of their gestation are termed as low birth weight (LBW) babies. Despite consistent efforts to improve the quality of maternal and child health, more than twenty million LBW babies are born every year throughout the world. The present study was to explore the effects of various maternal risk factors associated with low birth-weight of institutionally delivered newborns. Across the world, neonatal mortality is 20 times more likely for LBW babies compared to normal birth weight (NBW) babies (>2.5 kg).Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai from December 2019 to October 2020. Altogether 350 babies were taken who were delivered at ACS hospital.Results: The number of times of ANC attendance was also significantly associated with LBW, odds ratio (OR)=1.296, and p=0.001. The number of meals was not associated with LBW OR=0.946, and p=0.831. The gestational age assessed as completed weeks of pregnancy was significantly associated with LBW OR=3.302; p=0.00001.Conclusions: This study suggests that there are several factors interplaying which lead to LBW babies. Socio-demographic factors (maternal age and gestational age) and antenatal care are more important.
A randomized controlled trial of nebulized epinephrine versus nebulized hypertonic saline in infants with acute bronchiolitis
Authors: Pamecha Pradhyumn , Mandot Sanjay
Published: June 2021

Background: Acute Bronchiolitis is an infection of the lower respiratory tract, most frequently caused by the respiratory syncytial virus. It is one of the most common cause of hospital admission for respiratory tract illnesses in infants. This is a double blinded randomized controlled trial, conducted to compare the therapeutic efficacy of nebulized epinephrine versus nebulized hypertonic saline in infants with acute bronchiolitis.Methods: It was a double blinded randomized controlled trial conducted over a period of 18 months (January 2019-June 2020) in infants aged 2 months to 1 year diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis. All eligible patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group I received inhalation of Epinephrine; Group II received inhalation of Hypertonic (3%) Saline. Patients in each group received four treatments on each day of hospitalization, delivered at 6 hourly intervals. Monitoring parameters for improvement or worsening of the condition were measured and recorded on admission and then at 24 hourly intervals using the clinical score described by Wang, et al for the first three days of treatment.Results: Among the infants treated with hypertonic saline, there was a significant decrease in the post inhalation respiratory score on day 2 and day 3 as compared to the infants treated with epinephrine. There was a significant difference in duration of hospitalization between the two groups as duration of hospitalization in infants was less in hypertonic saline group as compared to the epinephrine group. Hypertonic saline also showed significantly lesser side effects post inhalation when compared to epinephrine. The difference was statistically significant with p<0.0001.Conclusions: The study concluded that the use of nebulized hypertonic saline in infants aged 2 months to 12 months, provides evidence for its role as an efficient treatment modality in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis. The study also found that nebulized epinephrine had more side effects associated with it.