bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARCHITECTURAL SPECIFICS OF CRIMEAN TATAR HOUSING ACCOMMODATION
Authors: Seitasanov Edem
Published: December 2020

The author highlights specifics of designing Crimean Tatar housing accommodation in mountainous, piedmont and steppe areas of Crimea. The article presents the core principles and methods established over the thousands of years, i.e., the period people have resided in Crimea. The specifics of designing Crimean Tatar housing accommodation were identified, being inherent to the natural and climatic conditions of Crimea, as well as geomorphologic structure of the relief. All those specifics have been naturally reflected in the architectural and spacious planning of Crimean Tatar housing accommodation.The factual information employed for the purpose of this study was collected through in situ examinations of Crimea's historical buildings, studying the ad-hoc publications issued in 1880–1939, as kept in the library stock of BIKAMZ (Crimean historical museum preserve in Bakhchysarai), in the library stock of I. Hasprinskyi Scientific Library, sources from the museum stock in Simferopol, Bakhchysarai and private collections, architectural materials form the state owned depositories (the state archive of Crimean Oblast).No broad-scale studies have been undertaken in Crimea covering architecture of Crimean Tatar housing accommodation. Certain aspects of Crimean Tatar architecture are highlighted in the papers by: U. Bodadinskyi,B. A. Kuftin, Yu. V. Krykun, M. A. Voloshyn. The foregoing papers were published in the early XX century. They are mainly devoted to studying typology of Crimean Tatar housing accommodation.The important aspect concerns the architectural methods of forming areas built up with Crimean Tatar housing accommodation. The time proved the need in researching the Crimean Tatar housing accommodation, subject to the important features of using rationally the relief geometrical specifics, the rational geometry principles, creating certain preconditions for the architectural and planning specifics of the Crimean Tatar housing accommodation in the architectural system of Crimea.Unavailability of the overall picture covering specifics of the Crimean Tatar housing accommodation forming in Crimea, and evolution thereof relying on the scientific analysis, ravels estimation of the contemporary condition preventing establishment of the basic regularities and trends of development, preventing error-free handing the task of future development.
DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVITY WITHIN THE CONDITIONS OF CONTEMPORARY ARTMARKET
Authors: Baltaziuk Iryna
Published: December 2020

Article is dedicated to the research of creativity within the conditions of contemporary Ukraine art market. Author have discovered factors, that improve development of current art practice in academic and non academic artistic education. The article explores contemporary education centers, that forms connection between emergency artists and established artmarket, topical Ukraine art, contemporary art galleries and education institutions. As important element of contemporary art, academic education forms process of it’s development in quality, innovative and actual aspects. Such factors as creativity, “unconventional thinking”, intuition, esthetic competence, self development, emotional intellect, idea thinking and project vision improve development of current art practice in academic and non academic artistic education.Contemporary art requires from artist to develop deep vision on period, time and actuality of current events. This means that artist should be active in artistic and social sphere. New art stands for culture as phenomenon.Development of project approach in contemporary art effect appearance of new communication — network communication, when occurs partners and sponsors support. In this context started to develop national and international grant programs, residencies, educational centers, art institutions forming path for emergency artists to contemporary art field.The most popular educational centers in Kyiv, Ukraine: Modern art research institute, Art Arsenal, Pinchuk Art Centre, Kyiv academy of media arts, Art Ukraine Gallery, Port creative hub, Shcherbenko art center etc. The main feature that combine well known educational centers with several years of practice, and those that just opened is openness to the public. No matter of education, social status, or belonging to art school, everyone can gain experience from professionals.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN ANTIKORUPSI DI SMAN 6 KABUPATEN TANGERANG
Authors: Faozi Ahmad Aziz
Published: December 2020

This study aims to obtain empirical data on the Effects of Islamic Religious Education on Anti-Corruption Learning in SMA Negeri 6 Tangerang. The method used in this research is a quantitative descriptive method with the method of calculating the correlation study approach and is supported by the calculation of Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 21.0, in order to produce accurate data. In this study, the population was 116 students of SMA Negeri 6 Tangerang. Samples were taken as many as 30 students. By using random sampling techniques, the instrument used as a tool in data collection in the form of a behavior scale (Likert) to determine and measure Islamic Religious Education in a school scope. Data analysis uses the Product Moment and Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) formulas, which produce Rcounts greater than Rtable (0.564> 0.374), in this case Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. And the coefficient of determination shows 31.36%. This means that the level of influence is sufficient or moderate. This study concludes that between variables X and Y there is a positive and significant effect between Islamic Religious Education in anti-corruption learning in SMA Negeri 6 Tangerang. So that it can be interpreted as the higher the score of Islamic Religious Education in schools, the score will be followed by anti-corruption on students.
As novas competências exigidas à tríade educacional para apoiar a formação do novo jovem adulto universitário
Authors: Freire Patrícia de Sá , Bresolin Graziela Grando
Published: December 2020

Diante das mudanças ocasionadas num mundo em violentas transformações, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento de novas competências do corpo da tríade educacional, principalmente competências para o enfrentamento de um mundo essencialmente digital. Este estudo buscou, a partir de uma pesquisa teórica bibliográfica, identificar as novas competências que precisam ser desenvolvidas por alunos, professores e a própria instituição de Ensino Superior, para apoiar a formação do novo jovem adulto universitário de uma geração de nativos digitais. Os resultados demonstram que os alunos que se encontram atualmente nas universidades impelem à mudanças institucionais e de aula para o alinhamento às suas características e desenvolvimento, assim como os papéis desempenhados pelos professores se alteram com as novas demandas de aprendizagem. As universidades precisam alinhar o modelo de ensino e currículos às necessidades destes novos alunos que se encontram em processo de formação.
Contribuição da pós-graduação brasileira em Ciências Ambientais na implementação da Agenda 2030
Authors: Sampaio Carlos Alberto Cioce , Kniess Cláudia Terezinha , Corbari Sandra , Philippi Junior Arlindo , Sobral Maria do Carmo Martins
Published: December 2020

Objetiva-se analisar, discutir e refletir sobre a contribuição da Pós-graduação brasileira na área de avaliação de Ciências Ambientais (CiAmb) da CAPES à sociedade, no processo de incorporação dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). Para tanto, foram analisados trabalhos de conclusão de cursos (TCCs), dissertações e teses, de 13 PPGs com doutorados acadêmicos notas “7, 6 e 5”, dois com mestrados profissionais nota "5" e dois com mestrado profissional em rede nacional. Os dados, obtidos na Plataforma Sucupira, foram comparados com descritores dos 17 ODS e analisados por meio de um algoritmo computacional. Os resultados foram organizados conforme as dimensões dos ODS e por região. Em que pese a dimensão ambiental se sobressair às demais, verificou-se que os PPGs têm colocado esforços ao compromisso de atender à Agenda 2030, caracterizando a relevância e importância da Área de Ciências Ambientais na formação de talentos humanos que contribuam ao desenvolvimento sustentável do país.
Os processos criativos na práxis musical: uma análise a partir do enfoque histórico-cultural
Authors: Bernardes Maria Eliza Mattosinho , Bonfim Eder Flavio Moura
Published: December 2020

A finalidade da pesquisa é compreender a influência da apropriação dos conceitos científicos e espontâneos nos processos criativos a partir de intervenções pedagógicas de cunho experimental no ensino da música. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar as manifestações criativas dos participantes no processo do ensino e aprendizagem do violão em práticas coletivas. A fundamentação teórico-metodológica é o enfoque histórico-cultural de raiz materialista, histórica e dialética. Constata-se que o ato de criar vincula-se às vivências dos sujeitos e às apropriações de conceitos de diversos matizes, objetivando-se em qualidades distintas nas manifestações criativas.
Cursos de Letras: critérios de avaliação do MEC-INEP e o conceito de emancipação humana
Authors: Pardinho Jocieli Aparecida de Oliveira , Silva Alessandra Augusta Pereira da
Published: December 2020

Esta pesquisa é caracterizada pela investigação dos critérios de avaliação dos cursos de Letras português-inglês, estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Educação e Cultura (MEC) em relação ao conceito de emancipação humana de cunho materialista histórico dialético. O objetivo geral é discutir os critérios de avaliação de cursos de Letras de maior conceito pelo MEC, realizada pelo Instituto Nacional Anísio Teixeira, comparando-os com a temática da formação de professores para a emancipação humana. Desse modo, tomou-se como objeto de análise a Nota Técnica n. 72 (INEP, 2014) e textos de base marxista a partir de uma análise contextual, do segmento de orientação temática e do segmento de tratamento temático e dos mecanismos enunciativos de modalização sob a fundamentação teórica interacionista sociodiscursiva, conforme Bronckart (1999). Os resultados evidenciaram que os critérios de avaliação estabelecidos no documento investigado divergem majoritariamente do conceito de emancipação humana identificado nos textos analisados.
Az életkor szerepének retrospektív vizsgálata a bölcsességfogak eltávolításában
Authors: Papp Zsófia Krisztina , Szmirnov György , Csomó Krisztián , Iványi Attila , Joób-Fancsaly Árpád
Published: December 2020

Vizsgálatunk célja az volt, hogy nemzetközi eredményekkel összehasonlítsuk a bölcsességfogak klinikánkon folyó eltávolításánakidőpontját. Adataink 10 év munkáját, a 2010–2019 közötti időszakot fedik át. A fent nevezett időszakban5 és 95 év közötti pácienseknél összesen 23 305 bölcsességfogat távolítottunk el. A kapott adatokat összehasonlítottuka nemzetközi adatokkal is. Azt találtuk, hogy nők esetében jóval gyakrabban (61,5%) végeztünk bölcsességfog-eltávolítást,mint férfiaknál (38,5%), ellentétben a külföldi adatokkal [25]. Az esetek majdnem kétharmadában (60,7%) alsóbölcsességfogat távolítottunk el. Mind az alsó, mind a felső bölcsességfogak esetében a 24 éves kor volt az eltávolításlegjellemzőbb időpontja. Életkor szerinti összehasonlításban nem találtunk szignifikáns különbséget sem az alsó és felsőbölcsességfogak eltávolításai esetében (p = 0,412), sem a négy különböző kvadránsban végzett beavatkozások között(p = 0,117). Az adatgyűjtés és a klinikai kódrendszer heterogenitása miatt a pontos diagnózisról és a fogeltávolításmódjáról (egyszerű fogeltávolítás vagy sebészi úton történő fogeltávolítás) statisztikailag elemezhető adathalmaz nemállt rendelkezésünkre.
Életveszélyes állapotok ellátása a fogorvosi rendelőben
Authors: Felkai Péter , Kivovics Péter , Felkai Tamás
Published: December 2020

A fogorvosi beavatkozásokkal járó stressz, a hosszabb kezelési idő és a fogorvosi anesztézia széleskörű alkalmazásavalószínűleg megnöveli a rendelői rosszullétek számát is. A rosszullétek prevalenciája a fogorvosi rendelőkben 19–67%között mozog. A szakirodalom rendelőnként átlag évi 2–20 rosszullétet említ. A leggyakoribb, ellátásra szoruló eseményaz összeesés, ájulás volt, és a leggyakoribb rosszulléteket a cukorbetegségből eredő hypoglikémiás roham, az allergiásreakció és a vérnyomáskiugrás okozta. A fogorvos feladata az életet veszélyeztető állapotok elhárítása, ami a szakirodalmiadatok szerint az összes rosszullétek 8-10%-a. A megfelelő beavatkozáshoz szükséges, hogy minden rendelőbenkészüljön „riadóterv” a rosszullétek ellátásra, világosan megjelölve az orvos és az asszisztencia feladatát. A rendelőfelszerelésére a jogszabály tárgyi feltételeket is megjelölt, ezeket azonban érdemes a fogorvosi rendelő lehetőségeinekfényében újragondolni. Ezért a szerzők javaslatot tesznek a szükséges gyógyszerek összeállítására, valamint a szükségeseszközök beszerzésére. A tárgyi feltételek mellett elengedhetetlen az orvosi elsősegélynyújtás naprakész tudása.Erre a meglevő tankönyv és a gyakori posztgraduális képzés lehetőséget ad, ami nemzetközi összehasonlításbanis kiemelkedően jónak mondható.
Biodiversity of Weeds and Arthropods in Five Different Perennial Industrial Crops in Eastern Poland
Authors: Radzikowski Paweł , Matyka Mariusz , Berbeć Adam Kleofas
Published: December 2020

A growing interest in the cultivation of non-food crops on marginal lands has been observed in recent years in Poland. Marginal lands are a refuge of agroecosystems biodiversity. The impact of the cultivation of perennial industrial plants on the biodiversity of weeds and arthropods have been assessed in this study. The biodiversity monitoring study, carried out for three years, included five perennial crops: miscanthus Miscanthus × giganteus, cup plant Silphium perfoliatum, black locust Robinia pseudoacacia, poplar Populus × maximowiczii, and willow Salix viminalis. As a control area, uncultivated fallow land was chosen. The experiment was set up in eastern Poland. A decrease in plant diversity was found for miscanthus and black locust. The diversity of arthropods was the lowest for the cup plant. No decrease in the number of melliferous plants and pollinators was observed, except for the miscanthus. The biodiversity of plants and arthropods was affected by the intensity of mechanical treatments, the fertilization dose, and the use of herbicides. The biodiversity also decreased with the age of plantation.
Evaluation of Behavioral Aspects after Intradermal and Intramuscular Vaccine Application in Suckling Piglets
Authors: Göller Manuel , Kemper Nicole , Fels Michaela
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to analyse the behavioral aspects of suckling piglets after an intradermal vaccination method in comparison to an intramuscular vaccination applied on the seventh day of life. Possible effects on piglet welfare should be evaluated. Under field conditions, 135 suckling piglets from 12 litters were vaccinated against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae—64 of those intradermally and 71 intramuscularly, from six litters each. For behavioral analyses, videos were recorded per pen, starting three days before the vaccination and ending three days after the vaccination. In the video analyses, the observation periods 6.00–10.00, 13.00–17.00, and 19.00–21.00 were analysed via scan sampling for the behaviors lying, standing, walking, suckling, and social contact. In the behavioral observations, in all piglets, the most frequent behavior was lying, followed by suckling at the sow’s teats. After vaccination, less lying behavior and more suckling behavior were assessed in intradermally vaccinated piglets compared to intramuscularly vaccinated piglets, which indicates that the piglets were not impaired by stress following vaccination. The results of this study showed that intradermal needle-free vaccination has clear advantages, as it caused fewer vaccination-associated behavior changes in suckling piglets than the intramuscular vaccination method with a needle.
Special Issue on “Machining Dynamics and Parameters Process Optimization”
Authors: Urbikain Gorka , Olvera-Trejo Daniel
Published: December 2020

In 1907, F.W Taylor—the father of production engineering—exposed the fundamentals of modern machining and defined chatter as the most obscure and delicate of all problems facing the machinist [...]
Peri-Implant Bone Damage Procured by Piezoelectric and Conventional Implant Site Preparation: An In Vitro Comparison
Authors: Rebaudi Alberto , Rebaudi Federico , Barberis Fabrizio , Sammartino Gilberto , Marenzi Gaetano
Published: December 2020

Background: The conventional drill technique is the most commonly used for the implant site preparation of the desired diameter and length. Ultrasonic implant site preparation (UISP) can also be used to perform an implant site preparation of the desired dimensions. Methods: Implant sites were prepared in fresh bone ribs with two different implant site preparation techniques: implant surgical drills and piezoelectric tips. Samples were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for evaluating the peri-implant bone damage. Result: In the surgical drills group, the cortical bone surface showed several cracks and the bone vascular canals were hidden by a dense smear layer. Cancellous bone showed large irregularities and trabecular fractures. The piezoelectric group showed a clean and smooth cortical bone surface with opened bone vascular canals; the cancellous bone presented a regular morphology, and the trabecular spaces, clearly visible, were free of debris. Conclusions: Ultrasonic implant site preparation showed cleaner bone surfaces and lower bone trauma compared with the preparation using implant surgical drills.
Time Evolution of CO2 Diffusivity of Carbonated Concrete
Authors: Yoon In-Seok , Chang Chun-Ho
Published: December 2020

Carbonation of cementitious materials is one of main causes of reinforcement corrosion and CO2 diffusivity influenced by microstructural characteristics of the cementitious materials is a decisive parameter for the carbonation rate. This study focused on establishing a multifactor functional model to calculate the CO2 diffusivity of carbonated cementitious materials. Because CO2 gas flows through carbonated zone, it is necessary to estimate CO2 diffusivity of carbonated concrete. Many factors on the CO2 diffusivity, such as the diffusivity in vapor, tortuosity, microstructural characteristics of cement paste, contribution of aggregate, and reduction of porosity due to carbonation, were considered. Apparent and effective CO2 diffusivity were calculated according to the absence or presence of moisture in the pore system of concrete, and the results were compared with previous research.
Imaging Techniques for the Assessment of the Bone Osteoporosis-Induced Variations with Particular Focus on Micro-CT Potential
Authors: Molino Giulia , Montalbano Giorgia , Pontremoli Carlotta , Fiorilli Sonia , Vitale-Brovarone Chiara
Published: December 2020

For long time, osteoporosis (OP) was exclusively associated with an overall bone mass reduction, leading to lower bone strength and to a higher fracture risk. For this reason, the measurement of bone mineral density through dual X-ray absorptiometry was considered the gold standard method for its diagnosis. However, recent findings suggest that OP causes a more complex set of bone alterations, involving both its microstructure and composition. This review aims to provide an overview of the most evident osteoporosis-induced alterations of bone quality and a résumé of the most common imaging techniques used for their assessment, at both the clinical and the laboratory scale. A particular focus is dedicated to the micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) due to its superior image resolution, allowing the execution of more accurate morphometric analyses, better highlighting the architectural alterations of the osteoporotic bone. In addition, micro-CT has the potential to perform densitometric measurements and finite element method analyses at the microscale, representing potential tools for OP diagnosis and for fracture risk prediction. Unfortunately, technological improvements are still necessary to reduce the radiation dose and the scanning duration, parameters that currently limit the application of micro-CT in clinics for OP diagnosis, despite its revolutionary potential.
Time- and Zinc-Related Changes in Biomechanical Properties of Human Colorectal Cancer Cells Examined by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Maares Maria , Keil Claudia , Löher Leif , Weber Andreas , Andorfer-Sarr Amsatou , Haase Hajo , Iturri Jagoba , Toca-Herrera José L.
Published: December 2020

Monitoring biomechanics of cells or tissue biopsies employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) offers great potential to identify diagnostic biomarkers for diseases, such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Data on the mechanical properties of CRC cells, however, are still scarce. There is strong evidence that the individual zinc status is related to CRC risk. Thus, this study investigates the impact of differing zinc supply on the mechanical response of the in vitro CRC cell lines HT-29 and HT-29-MTX during their early proliferation (24–96 h) by measuring elastic modulus, relaxation behavior, and adhesion factors using AFM. The differing zinc supply severely altered the proliferation of these cells and markedly affected their mechanical properties. Accordingly, zinc deficiency led to softer cells, quantitatively described by 20–30% lower Young’s modulus, which was also reflected by relevant changes in adhesion and rupture event distribution compared to those measured for the respective zinc-adequate cultured cells. These results demonstrate that the nutritional zinc supply severely affects the nanomechanical response of CRC cell lines and highlights the relevance of monitoring the zinc content of cancerous cells or biopsies when studying their biomechanics with AFM in the future.
Evaluation of Metal Tolerance of Fungal Strains Isolated from Contaminated Mining Soil of Nanjing, China
Authors: Liaquat Fiza , Munis Muhammad Farooq Hussain , Haroon Urooj , Arif Samiah , Saqib Saddam , Zaman Wajid , Khan Ali Raza , Shi Jianxin , Che Shengquan , Liu Qunlu
Published: December 2020

Rapidly increasing industry has resulted in greater discharge of hazardous chemicals in the soil. In the current study, soil samples were collected from Nanjing mine (32°09′19.29″ N 118°56′57.04″ E) and subjected to heavy metal analysis and microbe isolation. A total of 460 fungi were isolated, and five of these were yeast strains. Most of the strains exhibited tolerance to one metal. Five multimetal tolerant strains were selected and identified as Aspergillus sclerotiorum, Aspergillus aculeatus, Komagataella phaffii, Trichoderma harzianum, and Aspergillus niger. Isolated strains were grown in high concentrations of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb), for induced-tolerance training. The tolerance index (TI) revealed the highest Cd tolerance of novel K. phaffii strain at 5500 ppm (TI: 0.2). K. phaffii also displayed resistance at 4000 ppm against Cr (TI: 0.32) and Pb (TI: 0.32). In contrast, tolerance training for A. niger was not that successful. K. phaffii also displayed the highest bioaccumulation capacity for Cd (25.23 mg/g), Cu (21.63 mg/g), and Pb (20.63 mg/g) at 200 ppm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) explored the morphological changes in the mycelia of stressed fungi. Results of this study describe this delicate approach to be species and metal dependent and suggest a potential utilization of this fungal strain for the bioremediation of contaminated soils.
Novel Natural-based Biomolecules Discovery for Tackling Chronic Diseases
Authors: Kwok Hang Fai
Published: December 2020

In the last decade, natural-derived/-based biomolecules have continuously played an important role in novel drug discovery (as a prototype drug template) for potential chronic disease treatment [...]
Safety and Dose-Dependent Effects of Echinacea for the Treatment of Acute Cold Episodes in Children: A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Trial
Authors: Weishaupt Ramon , Bächler Arnold , Feldhaus Simon , Lang Günter , Klein Peter , Schoop Roland
Published: December 2020

Background: Due to the frequency and severity of cold symptoms in children, and the risk of associated complications, effective treatments are urgently needed. Here we evaluated the safety profile and treatment benefits of Echinacea in children with acute cold and flu symptoms. Methods: A total of 79 children (4–12 years) were randomized to a treatment regimen of three or five times daily Echinaforce Junior tablets (total of 1200 or 2000 mg Echinacea extract, EFJ) for the prospective treatment of upcoming cold and flu episodes at first signs. Parents recorded respiratory symptoms daily during episodes in their child and physicians and parents subjectively rated tolerability. Results: EFJ was used to treat 130 cold episodes in 68 children and was very well tolerated by more than 96% positive physician’s ratings. EFJ-treated cold episodes lasted 7.5 days on average, with nine out of 10 episodes being fully resolved after 10 days. Five EFJ tablets daily reduced the average episode duration by up to 1.7 days (p < 0.02) in comparison to three EFJ tablets daily regimen. Effective symptom resolution finally contributed to a low antibiotic prescription rate in this study of 4.6%. Conclusions: EFJ tablets present a valuable option for the treatment of acute cold episodes in children showing a wide safety margin and increased therapeutic benefits at five tablets daily.
Solvolysis of Kraft Lignin to Bio-Oil: A Critical Review
Authors: Garcia Abraham Castro , Cheng Shuo , Cross Jeffrey S.
Published: December 2020

Lignin, a component of lignocellulosic biomass, is abundant and is produced extensively as a waste product of the Kraft pulping process, lignin obtained from this process is called Kraft lignin (KL). Lignin’s three-dimensional structure composed of aromatic alcohols (monolignols) makes it a potential source of renewable aromatic chemicals or bio-oil, if depolymerized. Among all the depolymerization methods for KL, solvolysis is the most popular, showing consistently high bio-oil yields. Despite the large number of studies that have been carried out, an economically feasible industrial process has not been found and comparison among the various studies is difficult, as very different studies in terms of reaction media and catalysts report seemingly satisfactory results. In this review, we compare and analyze KL solvolysis studies published, identify trends in bio-oil composition and give a comprehensive explanation about the mechanisms involved in the processes. Additional commentary is offered about the availability and future potential of KL as a renewable feedstock for aromatic chemicals, as well as logistical and technical aspects.
Evaluation of Daily Precipitation from the ERA5 Global Reanalysis against GHCN Observations in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Crossett Caitlin C. , Betts Alan K. , Dupigny-Giroux Lesley-Ann L. , Bomblies Arne
Published: December 2020

Precipitation is a primary input for hydrologic, agricultural, and engineering models, so making accurate estimates of it across the landscape is critically important. While the distribution of in-situ measurements of precipitation can lead to challenges in spatial interpolation, gridded precipitation information is designed to produce a full coverage product. In this study, we compare daily precipitation accumulations from the ERA5 Global Reanalysis (hereafter ERA5) and the US Global Historical Climate Network (hereafter GHCN) across the northeastern United States. We find that both the distance from the Atlantic Coast and elevation difference between ERA5 estimates and GHCN observations affect precipitation relationships between the two datasets. ERA5 has less precipitation along the coast than GHCN observations but more precipitation inland. Elevation differences between ERA5 and GHCN observations are positively correlated with precipitation differences. Isolated GHCN stations on mountain peaks, with elevations well above the ERA5 model grid elevation, have much higher precipitation. Summer months (June, July, and August) have slightly less precipitation in ERA5 than GHCN observations, perhaps due to the ERA5 convective parameterization scheme. The heavy precipitation accumulation above the 90th, 95th, and 99th percentile thresholds are very similar for ERA5 and the GHCN. We find that daily precipitation in the ERA5 dataset is comparable to GHCN observations in the northeastern United States and its gridded spatial continuity has advantages over in-situ point precipitation measurements for regional modeling applications.
Light in the Senior Home: Effects of Dynamic and Individual Light Exposure on Sleep, Cognition, and Well-Being
Authors: Juda Myriam , Liu-Ambrose Teresa , Feldman Fabio , Suvagau Cristian , Mistlberger Ralph E.
Published: December 2020

Disrupted sleep is common among nursing home patients and is associated with cognitive decline and reduced well-being. Sleep disruptions may in part be a result of insufficient daytime light exposure. This pilot study examined the effects of dynamic “circadian” lighting and individual light exposure on sleep, cognitive performance, and well-being in a sample of 14 senior home residents. The study was conducted as a within-subject study design over five weeks of circadian lighting and five weeks of conventional lighting, in a counterbalanced order. Participants wore wrist accelerometers to track rest–activity and light profiles and completed cognitive batteries (National Institute of Health (NIH) toolbox) and questionnaires (depression, fatigue, sleep quality, lighting appraisal) in each condition. We found no significant differences in outcome variables between the two lighting conditions. Individual differences in overall (indoors and outdoors) light exposure levels varied greatly between participants but did not differ between lighting conditions, except at night (22:00–6:00), with maximum light exposure being greater in the conventional lighting condition. Pooled data from both conditions showed that participants with higher overall morning light exposure (6:00–12:00) had less fragmented and more stable rest–activity rhythms with higher relative amplitude. Rest–activity rhythm fragmentation and long sleep duration both uniquely predicted lower cognitive performance.
Numerical Simulation of the Distribution of In Situ Cigarette Combustion-Generated Particulate Matter
Authors: Chen Shi , Liu Hanqing , Sun Zhiguo , Xie Hongyong
Published: December 2020

This paper has established a two-dimensional (2D) mathematical model for the generation, growth, and deposition of cigarette total particulate matter (TPM) in the smoldering state. The model has covered the chemical reactions and mass transfer as well as the mechanism of generation, flow, and condensation of particulate matter inside a burning cigarette. Cigarette smoke was generated by puffing under a constant pressure, and the pressure of the filter outlet was −274 Pa. The peak of the concentration of particulate matter was spatially overlapped with the peaks of pyrolysis and oxidation. Pertaining to the cross section of the cigarette at the same axial position, the peak of the diameter of particulate matter along the radial distribution first appeared in the zone near the edge of the cigarette cross section, and then gradually moved to the center of the cigarette with the cigarette smoke moving away from the combustion cone. The maximum number density of particulate matter calculated by the 2D mathematical model at the same axial position of the cigarette and the corresponding particle diameter, as well as the filtration efficiency of the filter rod, are in good accordance with the experimental data reported in previous studies.
The Application of Fractal Transform and Entropy for Improving Fault Tolerance and Load Balancing in Grid Computing Environments
Authors: Khorsheed Murad B. , Zainel Qasim M. , Hassen Oday A. , Darwish Saad M.
Published: December 2020

This paper applies the entropy-based fractal indexing scheme that enables the grid environment for fast indexing and querying. It addresses the issue of fault tolerance and load balancing-based fractal management to make computational grids more effective and reliable. A fractal dimension of a cloud of points gives an estimate of the intrinsic dimensionality of the data in that space. The main drawback of this technique is the long computing time. The main contribution of the suggested work is to investigate the effect of fractal transform by adding R-tree index structure-based entropy to existing grid computing models to obtain a balanced infrastructure with minimal fault. In this regard, the presented work is going to extend the commonly scheduling algorithms that are built based on the physical grid structure to a reduced logical network. The objective of this logical network is to reduce the searching in the grid paths according to arrival time rate and path’s bandwidth with respect to load balance and fault tolerance, respectively. Furthermore, an optimization searching technique is utilized to enhance the grid performance by investigating the optimum number of nodes extracted from the logical grid. The experimental results indicated that the proposed model has better execution time, throughput, makespan, latency, load balancing, and success rate.
Consciousness Detection in a Complete Locked-in Syndrome Patient through Multiscale Approach Analysis
Authors: Wu Shang-Ju , Nicolaou Nicoletta , Bogdan Martin
Published: December 2020

Completely locked-in state (CLIS) patients are unable to speak and have lost all muscle movement. From the external view, the internal brain activity of such patients cannot be easily perceived, but CLIS patients are considered to still be conscious and cognitively active. Detecting the current state of consciousness of CLIS patients is non-trivial, and it is difficult to ascertain whether CLIS patients are conscious or not. Thus, it is important to find alternative ways to re-establish communication with these patients during periods of awareness, and one such alternative is through a brain–computer interface (BCI). In this study, multiscale-based methods (multiscale sample entropy, multiscale permutation entropy and multiscale Poincaré plots) were applied to analyze electrocorticogram signals from a CLIS patient to detect the underlying consciousness level. Results from these different methods converge to a specific period of awareness of the CLIS patient in question, coinciding with the period during which the CLIS patient is recorded to have communicated with an experimenter. The aim of the investigation is to propose a methodology that could be used to create reliable communication with CLIS patients.
Dichotomic Decision Optimization for the Design of HVDC Superconducting Links
Authors: Muñoz-Antón Javier , Marian Adela , Lesur Frédéric , Bruzek Christian-Eric
Published: December 2020

Superconducting links are an innovative solution for bulk power transmission, distinguished by their compact dimensions, high efficiency and small environmental footprint. As with any new technology field, there is a large amount of design possibilities for such links, each of them having a profound impact on the system configuration. For instance, changing the material can imply a change in the working temperature from 20 to 70 K and has consequences on the maximum link length. This article presents the dichotomic decision possibilities for the optimized design of a high-power superconducting link, focusing on some of the key components of the cable system. The complex design optimization process is exemplified using the European project Best Paths, in which the first 3-gigawatt-class superconducting cable system was designed, optimized, manufactured, and successfully tested.
A Survey of Information Entropy Metrics for Complex Networks
Authors: Omar Yamila M. , Plapper Peter
Published: December 2020

Information entropy metrics have been applied to a wide range of problems that were abstracted as complex networks. This growing body of research is scattered in multiple disciplines, which makes it difficult to identify available metrics and understand the context in which they are applicable. In this work, a narrative literature review of information entropy metrics for complex networks is conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Existing entropy metrics are classified according to three different criteria: whether the metric provides a property of the graph or a graph component (such as the nodes), the chosen probability distribution, and the types of complex networks to which the metrics are applicable. Consequently, this work identifies the areas in need for further development aiming to guide future research efforts.
An Extended FMEA Model Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory and Type-2 Intuitionistic Fuzzy VIKOR for the Railway Train Risk Prioritization
Authors: Fu Yong , Qin Yong , Wang Weizhong , Liu Xinwang , Jia Limin
Published: December 2020

This paper aims toward the improvement of the limitations of traditional failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and examines the crucial failure modes and components for railway train operation. In order to overcome the drawbacks of current FMEA, this paper proposes a novel risk prioritization method based on cumulative prospect theory and type-2 intuitionistic fuzzy VIKOR approach. Type-2 intuitionistic VIKOR handles the combination of the risk factors with their entropy weight. Triangular fuzzy number intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TFNIFNs) applied as type-2 intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (Type-2 IFNs) are adopted to depict the uncertainty in the risk analysis. Then, cumulative prospect theory is employed to deal with the FMEA team member’s risk sensitiveness and decision-making psychological behavior. Finally, a numerical example of the railway train bogie system is selected to illustrate the application and feasibility of the proposed extended FMEA model in this paper, and a comparison study is also performed to validate the practicability and effectiveness of the novel FMEA model. On this basis, this study can provide guidance for the risk prioritization of railway trains and indicate a direction for further research of risk management of rail traffic.
Hyperspectral Image Denoising and Classification Using Multi-Scale Weighted EMAPs and Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Liu Meizhuang , Cao Faxian , Yang Zhijing , Hong Xiaobin , Huang Yuezhen
Published: December 2020

Recently, extended multi-attribute profiles (EMAPs) have attracted much attention due to its good performance while applied to remote sensing images feature extraction and classification. Since the EMAPs connect multiple attribute features without considering the pixel-based Hyperspectral Image (HSI) classification, homogeneous regions may become unsmooth due to the noise to be introduced. To tackle this problem, we propose the weighted EMAPs (WEMAPs) to reduce the noise and smoothen the homogeneous regions based on weighted mean filter (WMF). Then, we construct multiscale WEMAPs to product multiscale feature in order to extract different spatial structures of the HSI and produce better classification results. Finally, a new joint decision fusion and feature fusion (JDFFF) framework is proposed based on the decision fusion (DF) and the multiscale WEMAPs (MWEMAPs) based on extreme learning machine (ELM) classifier. That is, the classification results from various scales are combined into a final one with ELM to perform the HSI classification. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms many state-of-the-art HSI classification algorithms.
Generation of 3-D Grid Multi-Scroll Chaotic Attractors Based on Sign Function and Sine Function
Authors: Ding Pengfei , Feng Xiaoyi , Fa Lin
Published: December 2020

A three directional (3-D) multi-scroll chaotic attractors based on the Jerk system with nonlinearity of the sine function and sign function is introduced in this paper. The scrolls in the X-direction are generated by the sine function, which is a modified sine function (MSF). In addition, the scrolls in Y and Z directions are generated by the sign function series, which are the superposition of some sign functions with different time-shift values. In the X-direction, the scroll number is adjusted by changing the comparative voltages of the MSF, and the ones in Y and Z directions are regulated by the sign function. The basic dynamics of Lyapunov exponent spectrum, phase diagrams, bifurcation diagram and equilibrium points distribution were studied. Furthermore, the circuits of the chaotic system are designed by Multisim10, and the circuit simulation results indicate the feasibility of the proposed chaotic system for generating chaotic attractors. On the basis of the circuit simulations, the hardware circuits of the system are designed for experimental verification. The experimental results match with the circuit simulation results, this powerfully proves the correctness and feasibility of the proposed system for generating 3-D grid multi-scroll chaotic attractors.
A Prediction-Based Model for Consistent Adaptive Routing in Back-Bone Networks at Extreme Situations
Authors: Zhou Qianru , Pezaros Dimitrios
Published: December 2020

To reduce congestion, numerous routing solutions have been proposed for backbone networks, but how to select paths that stay consistently optimal for a long time in extremely congested situations, avoiding the unnecessary path reroutings, has not yet been investigated much. To solve that issue, a model that can measure the consistency of path latency difference is needed. In this paper, we make a humble step towards a consistent differential path latency model and by predicting base on that model, a metric Path Swap Indicator (PSI) is proposed. By learning the history latency of all optional paths, PSI is able to predict the onset of an obvious and steady channel deterioration and make the decision to switch paths. The effect of PSI is evaluated from the following aspects: (1) the consistency of the path selected, by measuring the time interval between PSI changes; (2) the accuracy of the channel congestion situation prediction; and (3) the improvement of the congestion situation. Experiments were carried out on a testbed using real-life Abilene traffic datasets collected at different times and locations. Results show that the proposed PSI can stay consistent for over 1000 s on average, and more than 3000 s at the longest in our experiment, while at the same time achieving a congestion situation improvement of more than 300% on average, and more than 200% at the least. It is evident that the proposed PSI metric is able to provide a consistent channel congestion prediction with satisfiable channel improvement at the same time. The results also demonstrate how different parameter values impact the result, both in terms of prediction consistency and the congestion improvement.
Experimental Study on Splitter Plate for Improving the Dielectric Recovery Strength of Low-Voltage Circuit Breaker
Authors: Cho Young-Maan , Lee Kun-A
Published: December 2020

The low-voltage circuit breakers are widely used to protect loads in the distribution system. Interruption reliability of circuit breakers is important because they are a protective device close to the customer. In particular, the re-ignition phenomenon leads to over-current blocking failure due to the arc re-formed between electrodes despite the normal trip of the circuit breaker. In this paper, in order to improve the interruption performance against re-ignition, the dielectric recovery voltage measurement system of the circuit breaker is used and the experiment of changing the splitter plate is carried out. Two experiments are carried out by changing the splitter plate, especially changing the material of splitter plate and the number of lower plates of the splitter plate. In the case of changing the material of the splitter plate, the analysis is conducted according to the thermal conductance. In the case of changing the number of lower plates of the splitter plate, the number of plates and their spacing are variables. Analyzing the results of the dielectric recovery voltage experiment, in the initial period, copper plates have the best value that shows 102.1% improvement compared to normal and Al shows 59.8% improvement compared to normal. These increases are related to the thermal conductivity of the three electrode materials. In the case of changing the number of lower plates of the splitter plate, the 8-plates and 9-plates show 84.5% and 36.1% increases compared to normal, respectively, in the initial period. It can be seen that too many plates interfere with heat dissipation. Since this study studies performance improvement during the initial period, there is not much difference in the later period. This is consistent with the experimental results. In this study, an experimental basis is provided for the dielectric recovery strength from a low-voltage circuit breaker. It is expected that this will contribute to the research to improve the dielectric recovery capability of the circuit breaker.
Power Split Supercharging: A Mild Hybrid Approach to Boost Fuel Economy
Authors: Nazari Shima , Siegel Jason , Middleton Robert , Stefanopoulou Anna
Published: December 2020

This work investigates an innovative low-voltage (<60 V) hybrid device that enables engine boosting and downsizing in addition to mild hybrid functionalities such as regenerative braking, start-stop, and torque assist. A planetary gear set and a brake permit the power split supercharger (PSS) to share a 9 kW motor between supercharging the engine and direct torque supply to the crankshaft. In contrast, most e-boosting schemes use two separate motors for these two functionalities. This single motor structure restricts the PSS operation to only one of the supercharging or parallel hybrid modes; therefore, an optimized decision making strategy is necessary to select both the device mode and its power split ratio. An adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS), which uses the battery state of charge (SoC) history to adjust the equivalence factor, is developed for energy management of the PSS. The A-ECMS effectiveness is compared against a dynamic programming (DP) solution with full drive cycle preview through hardware-in-the-loop experiments on an engine dynamometer testbed. The experiments show that the PSS with A-ECMS reduces vehicle fuel consumption by 18.4% over standard FTP75 cycle, compared to a baseline turbocharged engine, while global optimal DP solution decreases the fuel consumption by 22.8% compared to the baseline.
Comparative Analysis of SVM Techniques for a Five-Phase VSI Based on SiC Devices
Authors: Acosta-Cambranis Fernando , Zaragoza Jordi , Romeral Luis , Berbel Néstor
Published: December 2020

Multiphase systems provides benefits compared to three-phase systems, such as improved torque per ampere, high power density, better fault tolerance, lower current per phase (due to power-splitting among a higher number of phases), and lower torque ripple, among others. Depending on the application, the system must meet determined requirements, such as the presence of harmonic content, power losses, and common-mode voltage (CMV) generation. This paper presents a comparative analysis of space vector modulation (SVM) techniques applied to a five-phase voltage source inverter with SiC switches to provide an overview of their performance. The performance of five-phase 2L SVPWM (space vector pulse width modulation), 2L+2M SVPWM, 4L SVPWM techniques, and their discontinuous versions, are analyzed by focusing on harmonic content, power losses, and CMV generation using SiC semiconductor devices. Matlab/Simulink and PLECS simulations are performed to achieve the above mentioned goal. The use of different techniques allows (1) reducing the harmonic distortion when 2L+2M SVPWM and 4L SVPWM are applied, and (2) the switching sequence of the modulation techniques can influence the switching losses. Therefore, the use of SiC switches reduces the switching losses. (3) However, CMV dv/dt increases. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the effects of the CMV dv/dt and amplitude by choosing the adequate technique.