bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting Strategies in Liposomal Drug Delivery
Authors: Sengar Ashutosh
Published: January 2025

Liposomal drug delivery systems have become the revolutionary technology in the field of modern therapeutics, providing improved efficacy and fewer side effects. Herein, we review the most recent developments in targeting strategies and innovations in liposomal formulations. We discuss the passive targeting mechanisms, such as the enhanced permeability and retention effect, through which liposomes can accumulate in the tumor tissue. We also consider active targeting techniques that use particular ligands for enhancing the specificity of drug delivery to target cells. The review discusses different kinds of liposomes, such as PEGylated and pH-sensitive formulations, for enhancing drug stability and controlled release in response to specific environmental conditions. We have also discussed factors that affect the stability and circulation time of the liposomal formulations, with major emphasis on the lipid composition and formulation strategies. Discussion on challenges in the mass production of liposomes, together with potential solutions to achieve uniformity and reproducibility. In general, the incorporation of advanced targeting strategies and innovative formulations underlines the potential of liposomal drug delivery systems to considerably improve therapeutic results, especially in oncology and personalized medicine. This comprehensive review aims to highlight the current status of liposomal research and the future directions of this area to pave the way for more effective and targeted therapeutic interventions.
Host Immune Response to Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV): Insights and Strategies for Effective Vaccine Design
Authors: Tesfaye Melkamsew Asamenew , Tessema Tesfaye Sisay , Paeshuyse Jan
Published: January 2025

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The disease incurs $1.5-2.5 billion/year and $0.50 to $687.80/cow loss in beef and dairy farms respectively. This review aims to provide insights into the interaction of BVDV with host immunity, currently available vaccines, and strategies used to advance the vaccines. The virus causes immunosuppression by interfering with the innate and adaptive immune systems in a strain and biotypes-dependent manner. Interferon production, apoptosis, neutrophil activity, macrophages, and antigen-presenting cells are significantly affected during viral infection. Maternal antibodies (MatAb) are crucial to protect calves from early infection. However, the MatAb is counterproductive during vaccination against the virus. There are several types of licensed commercial inactivated or modified live vaccines, most of which are made of cytopathic BVDV 1 and 2 and the BVDV 1a subtype. Subunit and marker vaccines are made of E2, Erns, and NS3 proteins in combination with modern adjuvants, respectively. Such types of vaccines are not yet licensed and are in the experimental stage. The limitations of currently available conventional vaccines are minimal or lack of cross-protection, production costs, safety concerns, and inefficiency in provoking both humoral and cellular immune systems. To alleviate these limitations, the knowledge of developing next-generation vaccines using appropriate viral proteins and the use of modern adjuvants is promising.
A Qualitative Study of IoT-Enabled Predictive Maintenance and Its Influence on Supply Chain Sustainability
Authors: Johnson Oliver
Published: January 2025

This study explores the role of IoT-enabled predictive maintenance in enhancing supply chain sustainability, focusing on its impact on operational efficiency, cost savings, and environmental performance. The research was conducted through in-depth interviews with industry professionals involved in the implementation and management of predictive maintenance systems across various sectors. The findings highlight the significant benefits of predictive maintenance, including the reduction of unplanned downtime, improved resource optimization, and the prevention of costly emergency repairs. Additionally, the technology contributes to environmental sustainability by extending equipment lifespans, reducing energy consumption, and minimizing waste. Despite these advantages, the study identifies several challenges associated with the implementation of predictive maintenance, such as high initial investment costs, technical complexity, and the need for specialized skills. Furthermore, the research reveals that successful adoption of predictive maintenance systems requires strong leadership, employee training, and a culture of collaboration within organizations. The study concludes that while the implementation of predictive maintenance poses certain obstacles, the long-term benefits in terms of operational efficiency, cost reduction, and sustainability make it a crucial strategy for supply chain optimization. As IoT technologies continue to advance, the potential for predictive maintenance to drive innovation and environmental sustainability in supply chains will only increase.
Strategic Governance and Accountability: The UAE’s Effective Response to COVID-19
Authors: Masoud Najeb
Published: January 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented global challenges, underscoring the essential role of effective governance and accountability in crisis management and recovery. This paper evaluates the governance frameworks and accountability mechanisms implemented by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) during the COVID-19 pandemic, assessing their effectiveness in managing the health crisis and stabilising the economy from February 2020 to February 2022. A qualitative content analysis was conducted using data from official government documents, public health communications, policy statements, and reputable secondary sources. The paper focused on identifying and categorising key policy actions and their outcomes, including government initiatives, public health messaging, accountability measures, and crisis governance strategies. The UAE's coordinated response, characterised by transparent decision-making and adaptive policy adjustments, resulted in a remarkably low case fatality rate of 0.31%, significantly below global averages. By March 2021, over half of the UAE population had received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose, facilitating effective virus containment and public health stabilisation.
Additionally, targeted economic interventions and support mechanisms enabled a swift economic recovery, ensuring resilience amid global disruptions. This paper provides valuable insights into the UAE’s governance and accountability mechanisms during the pandemic. It highlights the importance of transparent governance and flexible policies in mitigating health risks and maintaining economic stability. The findings offer a reference for policymakers and health authorities to enhance preparedness for future health emergencies.
Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy: Energy Matters
Authors: Schmitz Christoph , Crupnik Javier , Morgan Daniel , Silk Edward , Maffulli Nicola , Morral Antoni
Published: January 2025

Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) is an established modality in the management of Achilles tendinopathy. A recent study published in Clinical Rehabilitation reported that the addition of rESWT to exercise and education did not lead to improvements in pain, function or other outcomes compared to the addition of sham rESWT at 6 or 12 weeks post-baseline in individuals with insertional Achilles tendinopathy. The authors concluded that any benefits of rESWT in the management of insertional Achilles tendinopathy may be explained by a placebo mechanism. We respectfully suggest that this conclusion, though likely justified in the light of the results obtained, is to be restricted to rESWT performed in this study, but should not be generalized to all rESWT: the energy of the radial extracorporeal shock waves applied in this study is not high enough to result in a positive clinical outcome.
Elucidating the Antiglycation Effect of Apigenin Glycosides on Ribosylation of Albumin, Multi-Spectroscopic and Molecular Docking Analyses
Authors: Dadkhah Pouya , Ghanadian Mustafa , Szumny Antoni , Miroliaei Mehran
Published: January 2025

A comparative study was carried out to explore the antiglycation potential and mechanisms
of apigenin (AP) and its glycosidic derivatives, apigenin-4'-O-glucoside (A4′G) and
apigenin-7-O-glucoside (A7G), in the reaction mixtures of ribose and human serum albumin
(HSA). The degree of ribosylation was monitored by ANS and AGE-specific fluorescence,
UV-vis spectroscopy, confocal microscopy, TNBS, DTNB, DNPH assays, and in silico
evaluation. The significant decrease in esterase-like activity of ribosylated HSA was strongly
improved by the presence of glycosidic derivatives (A4'G > A7G). Despite the higher ability
of A4'G to quench AGE-specific fluorescence, the superior capacity of both glycosidic
derivatives to reduce the “cross-β structures” of ribosylated-HSA was confirmed by ThT
fluorescence. Moreover, A4'G/A7G (10 μM) showed considerable protection against side
chain modifications at lysine and cysteine residues, corroborated by TNBS, and DTNB
assays for native, glycated and APs-treated HSA. Molecular docking analysis revealed that
glycosidic derivatives (A4'G > A7G) could alleviate ribosylation by protecting the glycation-
prone sites in Sudlow site I. An explanation was provided regarding the relationship between
the effectiveness of glycoside derivatives in suppressing advanced HSA ribosylation and
their structural features. Overall, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying
AP derivatives in suppressing protein glycation paves the way for the design of "lead
molecules" beyond conventional therapies.
Using Topic Modeling as a Semantic Technology: Examining Research Article Claims to Identify the Role of Non-Human Actants in the Pursuit of Scientific Inventions
Authors: Tanev Stoyan , Sieklicki Samantha
Published: January 2025

Actor-network theory (ANT) represents a research paradigm that emerged within science and technology studies by explicitly focusing on the contingency of scientific inventions and the role of non-human actants in the invention course of action. The article adopts an ANT perspective to focus on the invention of Sub-Wavelength Grating (SWG) photonic metamaterials by the members of a research group in the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada. The results are based on textual analysis (topic modeling) of the contributions and novelty claims in the corpus of research articles by the NRC group crafting the concept and potential applications of SWGs in the photonics domain. Topic modeling is a type of statistical modeling that uses unsupervised machine learning to identify clusters or groups of similar words within a body of text. It uses semantic structures in texts to understand unstructured data without predefined tags or training data. Adopting topic modeling as a semantic technology allows identifying two of the key non-human factors or actants: a) photonics design and simulations, and b) the fabrication techniques and facilities used to produce the physical prototypes of the photonics devices incorporating the invented SWG waveguiding effect. Using topic modeling as a semantic technology in ANT-inspired research studies focusing on non-human actants provides significant opportunities for future research.
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers as Indicators of Pharmaceutical Toxicity in Fish: A Review
Authors: Gradinariu Lacramioara , Cretu Mirela , Dediu Lorena , Vizireanu Camelia
Published: January 2025

Human pharmaceutical residues are increasingly recognized as environmental contaminants that pose significant risks to aquatic ecosystems. This review focuses on the oxidative stress induced in fish by these pharmaceutical residues. Pharmaceuticals, including antidepressants, anti-inflammatories, and other widely used medications, enter aquatic ecosystems through multiple pathways, most notably through their use in human and veterinary medicine, the subsequent metabolic excretion via urine and feces, and wastewater treatment plant effluents. These substances, often only partially removed during water treatment, persist in the environment and pose potential risks to aquatic organisms, impacting water quality and ecosystem health. Upon exposure, fish exhibit oxidative stress responses characterized by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent damage to cellular components such as lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA. This review summarizes current research on the oxidative stress (OS) responses of various fish species to environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals. It explores the mechanisms underlying OS, identifies the specific pharmaceuticals involved, and discusses these responses' physiological and ecological implications.
Foundational Architecture and Data Structure for a DT-Based Bridge Operation and Maintenance Platform
Authors: Li Shu , Zhang Boshan , Han Zhenyong , Wu Jiakai , Huo Yupeng
Published: January 2025

The efficient operation and maintenance (O&M) of over one million bridges has become a significant challenge for bridge management authorities in China. By establishing a clear and logical workflow framework for bridge O&M and leveraging the web-based cloud platform's advanced data processing and visualization capabilities, this paper proposes a brand-new bridge O&M platform based on the Digital Twin (DT) concept. This platform adopts a three-layer B/S architecture that facilitates seamless interaction through data exchange, forming a stable and reliable architecture. It incorporates a user-friendly interface that visually displays BIM models of bridges and related data, enabling users to intuitively and efficiently access critical information. Furthermore, the platform has integrated a Smart Device module, including drones, to enable precise control and unified management. To improve the efficiency of data querying and acquisition, the data is categorized into five types based on the platform’s functionality. Drawing on the principles derived from the IFC and COBie data models, Shared Information serves as a common resource for constructing other data structures, which also incorporates the concept of metadata and meta-metadata. The data structures for Bridge Basic Information and the Defect are designed as key examples, integrating a master classification table with its sub-tables. This construction method ensures systematic organization, coherence, and standardization of data structures. It significantly enhances data management capabilities, presenting bridge data in greater clarity. Finally, the authors use the Xiaoqing River Bridge as a case study to illustrate the application of the Defect data structure. The foundational architecture for the platform demonstrates a certain degree of innovation by consolidating multiple modules into a cohesive system. Collectively, these advancements will enhance the level of informatization and maintenance efficiency in bridge O&M, thereby improving bridge safety and service life and ultimately generating considerable economic and societal benefits.
Development of a Chemosensor Based on Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Saffron-Conjugated Silver Nanoparticles for the Sensitive and Selective Simultaneous Electroanalytical Detection of CD, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cl in Soils and Plants
Authors: Girousi Stella , Keramari Vasiliki , Paraschi Ioanna , Karastogianni Sophia , Golia Evangelia
Published: January 2025

A simple and easily applicable analytical method for the simultaneous determination of Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Cl- applying a modified with saffron-conjugated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@Sa) is being presented. The modified CPE was then used for the simultaneous determination of Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ as well as chloride ions in soil and plants. The comparative analysis demonstrated a significant enhancement in the applicability of the modified electrode through the incorporation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at the carbon paste electrode (CPE) surface, leading to the development of a poly-Sa-CPE. This newly proposed method offers notably superior qualitative performance compared to other metal nanoparticle-based modifications reported in the literature. The accordingly modified electrode was successfully applied in the development of a chloride ion. A novel sensor, is being proposed, that makes possible the determination of heavy metals and chorides in the same solution, in soil and plant samples.
The enhanced sensitivity and selectivity of the poly-Sa-CPE system highlights its potential as a more effective alternative for heavy metal and chloride analysis, further demonstrating its advantages in electrochemical applications.
Preparing for Disease X: Strategies and Insights for Future Epidemics
Authors: Mustafa Mujahed , Alzebair Awad , Makhawi Abdelrafie
Published: January 2025

The term "Disease X," introduced by the World Health Organization, symbolizes the imminent threat posed by unknown pathogens capable of sparking global epidemics. This perspective article emphasizes the urgency of preparing for such threats by drawing on insights from the COVID-19 pandemic. Key strategies include robust surveillance systems leveraging genomic technologies and artificial intelligence to enable early detection, as well as innovations in rapid diagnostics and vaccine development. The rapid deployment of mRNA vaccines during the pandemic exemplifies the transformative potential of scientific advancements in mitigating future outbreaks. Equitable access to healthcare resources remains paramount, as marginalized populations often bear disproportionate impacts. International collaboration is highlighted as a cornerstone for epidemic preparedness, ensuring shared expertise and coordinated responses. Furthermore, integrating social sciences enhances public compliance with health measures, addressing behavioral factors and misinformation. This article underscores the critical need for a multidisciplinary and equitable framework to strengthen global resilience against emerging infectious diseases.
Impact of a CoQ10, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, and Chaga Extract Formulation on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress: NMR Metabolomic Insights into Cellular Energy and Neurotransmission
Authors: D'Elia Maria , Marino Carmen , Celano Rita , Napolitano Enza , D’Ursi Anna Maria , Rastrelli Luca
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a novel antioxidant formulation (RP-25) con-taining CoQ10, alpha-lipoic acid, and Chaga extract on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The formulation’s potential to modulate cellular energy metabolism and neurotransmission was explored using a combination of NMR-based metabolomics and UHPLC-HRMS analytical techniques. Methods: SH-SY5Y neu-roblastoma cells were treated with RP-25, and cell viability was assessed via CCK-8 assay. Metabolomic profiles of the treated and untreated cells were analyzed by 1D-NMR, providing insights into the endo- and esometab-olomes. Additionally, a UHPLC-HRMS method was developed for quality control and analysis of the RP-25 formulation. Multivariate statistical approaches, including PLS-DA and volcano plot analysis, were used to identify key metabolic changes. Results: RP-25 treatment did not affect cell viability but significantly modulat-ed metabolic pathways, including amino acid biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis. Increased levels of ATP, glutamate, tyrosine, and proline were observed in treated cells, indicating enhanced cellular en-ergy production and neurotransmission activity. Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted the formulation's influence on mitochondrial energy metabolism and oxidative stress response. Conclusions: RP-25 demonstrated potential as a therapeutic strategy for mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, with implica-tions for conditions associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Based Sodium Alginate Nanocomposites and their Application in Removal of Cr(VI) Ions from Coal Effluents Journal Environments
Authors: Raj Prabha , Bargah Rohit Kumar
Published: January 2025

In the present study, graphene oxide based sodium alginate nanocomposites have been used as an efficient low cast adsorbent to remove the concentration of toxic Cr(VI) ions from coal effluent. graphene oxide is prepared from sugarcane -bagasse and reacted with sodium- alginate and calcium-chloride to form the Na-Alg-Go composite. The developed composite was characterized by FTIR, XRD , TEM , particle size and zeta potential measurements. The adsorption experiments were carried out by batch contact method and the effect of the significant process parameter such as initial pH of solution, adsorbent dose, contact time and the initial Cr(VI) concentration were investigated on the metal ion removal capacity. The optimum adsorption of Cr(VI) on the Na-Alg-Go nanoparticles was observed at an initial pH value of 2.4±0.4. The maximum sorption capacity of Cr(VI) in coal effluent was found to be in between 100- 110 mg/g in comparison with std initial chromiunm(VI) solution in the range of 40-200 ppm at room temperature. The equilibrium sorption data fit satisfactorily to the Langmuir adsorption and Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The results suggest that adsorption is due to electrostatic attraction between chromate ions (HCrO4- ) and protonated surface of Na-Alg-Go composite and these has been efficaciously ecofriendly and economically applied for the removal of metal ion Cr( VI) and pollution from coal field effluent(Fig.1).
Chimeric Antigen Receptor Cell Therapy: Empowering Treatment Strategies for Solid Tumors
Authors: Jaing Tang-Her , Hsiao Yi-Wen , Wang Yi-Lun
Published: January 2025

Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy has demonstrated impressive efficacy in the treatment of blood cancers; however, its effectiveness in solid tumors has been significantly limited. The differences arise from a range of difficulties linked to solid tumors, including an unfriendly tumor microenvironment, variability within the tumors, and barriers to CAR-T cell infiltration and longevity at the tumor location. Research shows that the reasons for the decreased effectiveness of CAR-T cells in treating solid tumors are not well understood, highlighting the ongoing need for strategies to address these challenges. Current strategies frequently incorporate combinatorial therapies designed to boost CAR-T cell functionality and enhance their capacity to effectively target solid tumors. Nonetheless, these strategies remain in the testing phase and necessitate additional validation to assess their potential benefits. CAR-NK (Natural Killer), CAR-iNKT (invariant Natural Killer T), and CAR-M (Macrophage) are emerging as promising strategies for treating solid tumors. Recent studies highlight the construction and optimization of CAR-NK cells, emphasizing their potential to overcome the unique challenges posed by the solid tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia and metabolic barriers. This review focuses on CAR cell therapy in the treatment of solid tumors.
Photocatalytic Degradation Studies of Indigo Carmine Dye by Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Theobroma cacao Extracts
Authors: Oyewole Toyib Seun , Olowu Rasaq Adewale , Osundiya Medinat Olubunmi , Tovide Oluwakemi Omotunde , Akanbi Phebe Jesudunsi , Abosede Sharon Olabisi , Ejire Adedolapo Abdulazeez
Published: January 2025

The breakdown of dyes poses a considerable problem due to their enduring and resilient characteristics; as a result, creating materials with suitable properties for dye decomposition is a crucial research focus. This investigation involved the production of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using eco-friendly synthesis methods and non-toxic Theobroma cacao extract. The synthesized Ag NPs were examined using various analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-visible spectroscopy. XRD analysis indicated that the produced Ag NPs had highly pure crystalline structures. SEM examination revealed that the nanoparticles, observed at different magnifications, displayed a coarse surface texture with imperfections like fissures or cavities. FTIR spectroscopy was utilized to determine the chemical compounds coating the Ag NPs. TEM analysis showed an average particle size of 28.516 nm. The BET method determined that the synthesized nanoparticles had a surface area of 552.638 m²/g and a pore diameter of 2.105 nm. The study also explored the photocatalytic performance of the Ag nanoparticles in degrading indigo carmine dye under UV light exposure. According to the results, Ag NPs exhibited a maximum removal efficiency of 80.2% in 75 min. This demonstrated that the synthesized Ag nanoparticles possess strong potential for application as photocatalysts to rapidly degrade industrial dyes in water treatment.
Autoidentificación en el censo del Ecuador 2022: dinámicas demográficas y barreras estructurales
Authors: Salinas-Castro Rosa Victoria , Garcia-Guerrero Jorge Eduardo
Published: January 2025

Los temas relacionados con la etnicidad han ganado importancia en las agendas de América Latina. En Ecuador, los censos han tenido limitaciones históricas, evolucionando para incluir criterios lingüísticos y de autoidentificación étnica, desde 2001. Al comparar los resultados del censo de 2022 y los censos anteriores se observó una reducción de la población indígena en ciertos territorios, motivando este estudio para analizar sus causas potenciales. Esta es una investigación exploratoria y descriptiva, cualitativa y cuantitativa, utilizando un cuestionario postcensal y entrevistas semiestructuradas en parroquias seleccionadas. Se observaron cambios demográficos significativos en la población indígena, con una disminución de la población joven en edad productiva y un aumento de adultos mayores. La transición demográfica impacta directamente en la carga poblacional y en las bases de la población indígena. La migración y la fecundidad son factores clave que influyen en las dinámicas poblacionales, junto con la metodología censal que ha impactado en la reducción de personas registradas. A pesar de su disminución, no se puede atribuir a una pérdida de identidad, porque los datos muestran un cambio en la composición poblacional. Es fundamental seguir analizando para comprender hacia dónde se está movilizando la población no reportada en estas zonas y garantizar información relevante y confiable para formular políticas públicas inclusivas.
A transição da fecundidade no Brasil: investigação sobre os efeitos das crises exógenas nas tendências recentes de queda do número de nascidos vivos
Authors: Coutinho Raquel Zanatta , Souza Igor Viveiros Melo
Published: January 2025

O Brasil passou por crises econômicas e sanitárias (epidemia de Zika vírus em 2015-2016 e pandemia de Covid-19 em 2020-2021), das quais muito se discutiu o potencial efeito sobre a fecundidade, ainda em transição. Neste artigo, utilizando o número de nascidos vivos oriundo do Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc) e análises de séries temporais controladas por sazonalidade, tendência e ciclos harmônicos, investigamos instabilidades que podem sinalizar choques exógenos. A queda no número de nascimentos esconde importante heterogeneidade etária, regional e por escolaridade. Adolescentes e adultas jovens, especialmente as de baixa escolaridade, experimentaram importante queda, enquanto o número de nascimentos entre mulheres mais velhas vem crescendo, o que guarda relação com mudanças na composição etária e não são completamente explicadas quando controladas pelas tendências e sazonalidade. Análises das quebras estruturais revelam que os efeitos do Zika vírus e da pandemia de Covid-19 foram importantes, porém menores do que se especulou, dada a tendência de queda já existente. Ciclos econômicos parecem ser a melhor explicação para movimentos na fecundidade da década, especialmente para mulheres adultas. No entanto, os mesmos não explicam a queda dos nascimentos entre adolescentes e mulheres adultas jovens, que no início do período possivelmente estivera ligada a mudanças ideacionais; e durante a pandemia de Covid-19 pode ser explicada pela incerteza após anúncio da declaração de pandemia.
Hubungan Penggunaan Prednison dan Deksametason dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh Anak Penderita Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut Kemoterapi Fase Induksi di RSUD Dr. Moewardi
Authors: Salsabila Fajaria Dinda , Widiretnani Septin , Andarini Ismiranti
Published: January 2025

Pendahuluan: Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut (LLA) merupakan salah satu penyakit keganasan pada anak yang paling banyak terjadi dan ditandai dengan adanya sel darah putih abnormal yang berproliferasi secara tidak terkendali di dalam darah. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemenkes RI) mencatat bahwa kanker dengan insidensi tertinggi pada anak di Indonesia adalah LLA. Hingga saat ini, kemoterapi dengan kortikosteroid masih menjadi tatalaksana kuratif utama pada pasien leukemia, meskipun penggunaan kortikosteroid khususnya prednison dan deksametason, yang intensif diberikan saat fase induksi, dapat memengaruhi Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) melalui peningkatan nafsu makan berlebih dan menghambat mineralisasi tulang. Oleh karena itu, peneliti tertarik untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut hubungan penggunaan prednison dan deksametason dengan IMT anak LLA kemoterapi fase induksi di RSUD dr. Moewardi.
Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik dengan desain kohort retrospektif berdasarkan data rekam medis dan hasil pengisian kuesioner demografi oleh pasien anak leukemia limfoblastik akut yang telah menjalani kemoterapi fase induksi di poli anak RSUD dr. Moewardi yang dianalisis secara bivariat menggunakan SPSS.
Hasil: Hasil analisis uji T-berpasangan yang dilakukan pada kedua variabel didapatkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (p<0,05) untuk kedua kortikosteroid dengan rasio r=0,666 pada uji prednison dan r=0,820 pada uji deksametason yang menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan kategori kuat dan sangat kuat antara penggunaan prednison dan deksametason terhadap IMT fase induksi.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara penggunaan prednison dan deksametason dengan indeks massa tubuh anak leukemia limfoblastik akut kemoterapi fase induksi di RSUD dr. Moewardi.
Optimization of Bio-lubricant Produced from Non-edible Jatropha curcas Seed Oil
Authors: Rockson-itiveh David Emoefe , Efih Alexander Oghenereke , Keke Mabel , Ozioko Fabian Chidiebere
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the production and optimization of a bio-lubricant derived from non-edible Jatropha plant seed oil. Plant oil-based lubricants offer significant environmental benefits and are derived from renewable sources, making them an attractive alternative to conventional lubricants. They provide a potential solution for sustainable and low-cost feedstock for fuel oil and its derivatives without competing with food uses, as Jatropha oil contains toxic esters unsuitable for human consumption. Jatropha seed oil was extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus fitted with a heating mantle. A total of 500 g of the extracted oil was esterified in a round-bottom flask glass reactor with 25 wt% methanol and 1.0 wt% H₂SO₄ as a catalyst, reducing free fatty acids (FFA) to approximately 1%. The esterified oil was then subjected to transesterification in a reactor preheated to 60°C. A mixture of 1.0 wt% NaOH and methanol at a 6:1 ratio was added while stirring at 300 rpm for a reaction time of 90 minutes. The transesterification process was optimized using a 23 response surface methodology (RSM) experimental design. This design evaluated the effects of temperature (112.16°C to 160.00°C), reaction time (1.81 to 5.00 hours), and catalyst concentration (0.73% to 1.73% w/w) at a constant mole ratio of JME to TMP of 3.9:1 under vacuum conditions. The results revealed that the optimal conditions for bio-lubricant synthesis were a temperature of 130°C, a reaction time of 3 hours, and a catalyst concentration of 0.8% w/w. A second-order quadratic model was developed to predict the yield of Jatropha curcas bio lubricant based on the process variables. The model predicted a yield of 88.74% with a desirability of 0.9739 and demonstrated a high coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9739, indicating strong predictive accuracy

 

Keywords:

Bio-lubricant, Jatropha, Esterification, Seed Oil
Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Demam Neutropenia pada Anak dengan Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut
Authors: Nadela Dewi Bahari  , Pridania Vidya  , Muhammad Riza
Published: January 2025

Pendahuluan: Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut  adalah keganasan hematologi paling sering terjadi pada anak. Pengobatan utama LLA adalah kemoterapi. Demam neutropenia merupakan komplikasi umum dan dianggap keadaan darurat onkologis. Demam neutropenia dapat dipengaruhhi oleh jenis keganasan dan rejimen kemoterapi. Faktor risiko demam neutropenia adalah status gizi, usia, penyakit komorbid, kadar albumin, dan jenis kelamin. Terdapat perbedaan hasil penelitian sebelumnya mengenai hubungsan status gizi dengan demam neutropenia. Di Surakarta belum ada penelitian mengenai hubungan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan apakah status gizi sebagai faktor risiko demam neutropenia LLA anak. Penelitian ini penting karena dapat menjadi deteksi dini demam neutropenia.
Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan potong lintang. Sumber data penelitian adalah data sekunder dari rekam medis pasien LLA anak 0-18 tahun di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta dengan teknik simple random sampling. Data dianalis dengan uji chi square  menggunakan SPSS.
Hasil: Hasil uji chi square didapatkan nilai p<0.001 yang artinya terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dengan demam neutropenia. Nilai OR=6.107 yang artinya status gizi buruk atau lebih  memiliki risiko 6.107 kali mengalami demam neutropenia dibandingkan status gizi baik.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dengan demam neutropenia pada LLA anak dengan status gizi buruk atau lebih  memiliki risiko 6.107 kali mengalami demam neutropenia dibandingkan status gizi baik.
APPLICATION OF GAME METHODS TO IMPROVE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS' FOOTBALL PASSING LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Romdon Rangga Aditia , Sujarwo  , Setiakarnawijaya Yasep
Published: January 2025

This research is in the form of action research to improve passing skills in soccer games among students at St. Cicilia I with a total of 54 students as subjects. This action research uses the Kemmis Taggart model which consists of two cycles. In this action research, playing methods are used to achieve the desired goals. Data was collected through observer observations in the form of passing skill tests, field notes, and documents during the research. The results of the research showed that after taking action using the playing method in cycle I, there were several students who were able to achieve a score exceeding the KKM. For the correctness test of the passing movement (process) in cycle I, only 19 (35%) students were declared complete, and only 19 (35%) students were declared 35 (65%) students did not complete it. Then, for the first cycle passing (product) accuracy test, only 26 (48%) students were declared complete, and 28 (52%) students were declared incomplete. From these results, there has been an increase, but as a group it has not exceeded 75% of the total number of students. Furthermore, in cycle II there was a significant increase. There were 46 (85%) students who were declared complete in the passing movement truth test (process), and 8 (15%) students who were declared incomplete. Then for the second cycle passing (product) accuracy test, 52 (96%) students were declared complete, and 2 (4%) students were declared incomplete. From the results of the second cycle passing skills test, it was declared complete because as a group, the percentage of students who achieved the minimum completeness criteria (KKM) score exceeded 75% of the total students, and it can be concluded that the application of the playing method can improve students' passing skills in soccer games SMP St. Cicilia I.
THE EFFECT OF LEARNING STRATEGIES AND MOTOR EDUCABILITY ON THE OUTCOMES OF LEARNING BASIC MANIPULATIVE MOVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Rahman Latif Abdul , Subandi Oman Unju , Hernawan
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the effect of the difference between using the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGFU) learning strategy and differentiation learning strategies and motor educability on the learning outcomes of manipulative basic movements in students. The subjects in this study were fourth-grade students of the Integrated Islamic Elementary School (SDIT) Global Insan Madani, Jatirangga, Jatisampurna, Bekasi City, West Java. This study used treatment by level 2 x 2. This study was conducted on 65 selected students. The data analysis technique used was the two-way variance analysis technique (Two-Way Anova) and continued with the Tukey test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results of this study were (1). The learning outcomes of basic manipulative movements using the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGFU) learning strategy (A1) are higher than those using the differentiation learning strategy (A2); (2). There is an interaction between the learning strategy used (A) and motor educability (B) on the learning outcomes of students' basic manipulative movements; (3). The learning outcomes of basic manipulative movements using the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGFU) learning strategy with high motor educability (A1B1) are higher than using the differentiation learning strategy with high motor educability (A2B1) in grade IV students of SDIT Global Insan Madani; (4). The learning outcomes of basic manipulative movements using the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGFU) learning strategy with low motor educability (A1B2) are higher than using the differentiation learning strategy with low motor educability (A2B2) in grade IV students of SDIT Global Insan Madani.
EFFORTS TO IMPROVE FUTSAL SHOOTING THROUGH GAME VARIATIONS
Authors: Yusuf Ramdan Muhammad , Sujarwo  , Setiakarnawijaya Yasep
Published: January 2025

This research is action research to improve shooting skills in futsal games in class V and VI students who are registered as futsal extracurricular participants at SDN Srengseng Sawah 04 with a total of 53 students as subjects. This action research uses the Kemmis Taggart model which consists of two cycles. The actions in this research use a variety of games to achieve the desired goals. Data was collected through observer observations in the form of movement truth tests, shooting tests, field notes, and documents during the research. The results of the research showed that after carrying out actions using game variations in cycle I, there were several students who were able to achieve a completeness score for the shooting movement correctness test (process) in cycle I, 22 (42%) students who were declared complete, and 31 (58%) students who were declared complete. %) others are declared incomplete. Then for the shooting accuracy test (product) cycle I, 34 (64%) students were declared complete and 19 (36%) were declared incomplete. From these results, there has been an increase, but as a group it is not more than or equal to 70% of the total number of students. Furthermore, in cycle II there was a significant increase. For students who were declared complete in the shooting movement correctness test (process), there were 53 (100%) students. Then for the shooting accuracy test (product) cycle II, 42 (79%) students were declared complete and 11 (21%) were declared incomplete. From the results of the movement correctness test and the second cycle shooting test, it was declared complete because as a group, the percentage of subjects who achieved the completeness criteria score was more than 70% of the total number of students, and it can be concluded that the application of game variations was able to improve the shooting of futsal extracurricular participants at SDN Srengseng Sawah 04.
Keywords: Action Research, Game Variations, Shooting, Futsal
TRAINING MODEL OF EVASION TECHNIQUES IN DOUBLE ART CATEGORY OF PENCAK SILAT BASED ON ATTACK MACHINE
Authors: Bhakti Muhammad Wiyata , Johansyah Lubis  , Sri Nuraini
Published: January 2025

Pencak silat, as a traditional martial art, has evolved into a modern combat sport that is now featured in various national and even international events. This research has developed 11 training models for evasion techniques in the double category of pencak silat using the Attack Machine and an Instrument Test to measure the speed of evasion techniques, named the Attack Machine Test. This research was conducted using the Research and Development method. The research procedure followed the ADDIE model, which includes Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Data collection involved 30 active students specializing in the art category, particularly doubles, using testing and measurement techniques as the Instrument Test for collecting pretest and posttest data (Attack Machine Test). The data analysis presented includes descriptive quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. The results of this study show that the average pretest score was 58.3 and the posttest score was 67.5, with standard deviations of 21.104 and 17.555, respectively. In the t-test table for Equality of Means, with a significance level of < 0.05 for the One-Sided p Mean Difference Two-Sided p Std. Error Difference, it indicates the significant improvement in training effectiveness and reaction speed in the double category.
COMPARISON OF INDEPENDENT SPIKE DRILLING TRAINING AND WITH A SETTER ON IMPROVING 3-METER SPIKES FOR VOLLEYBALL ATHLETES 17-19 YEARS OLD
Authors: Ikhsan Pascal
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two forms of training that is with the drilling spike method independently with gradual distance and drilling spike with setter with Spiker Specialization attribute variables on the ability to spike 3 meters. The method used in this research is an experiment with the treatment by level 2 x 2 design. This research was conducted within the scope of the DKI Jakarta Volleyball Pengprov with a population of XX PON Pelatda athletes in DKI Jakarta Province who experienced chronic ankle sprain totaling 76 athletes with a composition of 42 athletes in the position of Outside Hitter and 34 athletes in the position of Middle Block. The sample in this study amounted to 44 people with purposive proportional random sampling technique then divided into 4 groups. The instrument used to measure 3-meter spikes in this study is the Spike Skills Test instrument. Based on the results of data processing and analysis, it can be concluded that: (1) There is a difference between drilling spike training therapy independently with gradual distance and drilling spike with setter to increase 3-meter spike, (2) There is an interaction between training therapy and spiker specialization to increase 3-meter spike, (3) There is a difference between drilling spike training independently with gradual distance to increase 3-meter spike in the group of athletes who position as Outside Hitter, 3-meter spike improvement is higher if trained spike drilling independently, (4) There is a difference between independent spike drilling training with gradual distance on 3-meter spike improvement in the group of athletes positioned as Middle Blocker, 3-meter spike improvement is higher if trained spike drilling with a setter.
FUNDAMENTOS JURÍDICOS Y ACADÉMICOS EN LA ESTANDARIZACIÓN DE HABILIDADES MÍNIMAS PARA EL REENTRENAMIENTO EN EL USO DE FUERZA LETAL EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Cabezas Quintero Jorge Luis , Vega Ayala Carlos Alberto , Robayo Méndez Jorge Enrique , Hernández Castro José Arturo , Flórez Guzmán Mario Heimer
Published: January 2025

El uso de la fuerza potencialmente letal es una habilidad primordial para el personal profesional de la Policía Nacional, toda vez que forma parte esencial de su capacitación y preparación, constituyéndose esto como un elemento cla- ve para su quehacer como policía. Por ello, es imperativo que los hombres y las mujeres de la institución desarrollen competencias del ser, saber y saber hacer,basadas en un conocimiento jurídico y táctico que potencie su servicio policial. Este enfoque, permite que la actividad policiaca no se centre únicamente en las habilidades y destrezas basadas en el manejo de armas de fuego. Una adecuada utilización de estas herramientas puede marcar la diferencia entre la vida y la muerte en situaciones de riesgo o confrontación. Asimismo, el conocimiento jurídico genera confianza en el personal y otorga legitimidad a las acciones realizadas frente a los diferentes grupos de interés. Sin embargo, la falta de un criterio unificado en la formación e instrucción, tanto en el campo jurídico como en el técnico y táctico, crea inconsistencias y variabilidad en los procesos de reentrenamiento. Esto dificulta la estandarización de las prácticas de tiro en la Policía Nacional. Además, la ausencia de directrices claras, conocimiento normativo y objetivos académicos bien definidos dificulta la preparación general del personal policial, lo que puede llevar a disparidades en la calidad del entrenamiento, la evaluación del desempeño y, especialmente, en la efectividad jurídica y táctica del servicio de policía. Metodológicamente, este artículo tiene un alcance exploratorio de tipo mixto. El levantamiento de información teórica y empírica se realizó en tres fases (levantamiento de información teórica, información empírica u original y fase de triangulación de la información).Como resultado de lo mencionado, se evidencia, por un lado, la necesidad de formación jurídica centrada en los derechos humanos, el derecho penal y ciencias jurídicas. Por el otro, se presenta una estrategia académica para el reentrenamiento efectivo en el uso de la fuerza potencialmente letal, con el fin de garantizar el fortalecimiento del conocimiento, habilidades y destrezas en el personal policial. Se concluye que una formación efectiva en temas jurídicos y tácticos mejora la calidad del servicio de policía, y por ende, se reduce el riesgo antijurídico y los posibles daños en la imagen institucional.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Lama Perendaman Larutan Polyethylene Glycol 6000 terhadap Panjang dan Jumlah Daun Bibit Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L.) dari Benih yang Terdeteriorasi
Authors: Hasby Muhammad Farhan , Triani Nova , Sutini Sutini
Published: January 2025

Wood production in Indonesia continues to increase every year. Sengon plant propagation is done using seeds. The problem with the propagation of sengon plants in Indonesia is the lack of availability of prime sengon seeds. This research aims to determine the effect of concentration, soaking time, and the interaction between concentration and soaking time of Polyethylene Glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) on the length and number of leaves of deteriorating sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L.) seedlings. The research was carried out in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur. This research used a two-factor completely randomized design (CRD) with twenty treatment combinations and three replications. The first factor is the concentration of Polyethylene Glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) which consists of 0% peg 6000; 10% PEG 6000; 15% PEG 6000; 20% PEG 6000; and 25% PEG 6000. The second factor is the soaking time which consists of 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours. Observations include the height and number of leaves of the seedlings. The results showed that giving a concentration of 15% PEG 6000 gave better results for seedling height and number of leaves. The soaking time for PEG 6000 for 12 hours gave better results for the height of sengon seedlings and the soaking time for 18 hours gave better results for the number of leaves. The combination of concentration and soaking time for PEG 6000 showed no real interaction.