bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Mathematical Study on Non-Linear MHD Boundary Layer Past a Porous Shrinking Sheet with Suction
Authors: Ananthaswamy V. , Renganathan K.
Published: May 2020

In this paper we discuss with magneto hydrodynamic viscous flow due to a shrinking sheet in the presence of suction. We also discuss two dimensional and axisymmetric shrinking for various cases. Using similarity transformation the governing boundary layer equations are converted into its dimensionless form. The transformed simultaneous ordinary differential equations are solved analytically by using Homotopy analysis method. The approximate analytical expression of the dimensionless velocity, dimensionless temperature and dimensionless concentration are derived using the Homotopy analysis method through the guessing solutions. Our analytical results are compared with the previous work and a good agreement is observed.
Road Traffic Accident in Ethiopia from 2007/08-2017/18
Authors: Deme Debela
Published: May 2020

Traffic accident increased periodically in alarming rate and it was a serious problem throughout the globe particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. This research concerns on Analyzing Road Traffic Accident in Ethiopia from 2007/08-2017/18. The main objective of the study was to investigate the growth rate of road traffic accident, road network coverage and motorized vehicle, and relationship between them in the past elven (11) year. In order to address the required objective the study use secondary data collected from Ethiopia federal police commission, Ethiopia road authority and Ethiopia federal transport authority. Basically, descriptive and inferential statistical analysis approach was used to analyze the data. The finding of the study revealed that; in the past eleven year more than 291577 Road traffic accident, 912956km road network and 681000 motorized vehicles were developed. Due to Road traffic accident Ethiopia loses around 36.3 billion birr (estimated 1.3 billion $ in current exchange rate of 28 birr for 1$) in the past eleven (11) year in Ethiopia. In average annually Ethiopia loses around 0.9% of budget due to traffic accident in the past eleven year. Average annual growth rate of road traffic accident, road network development and motorized vehicle were 9.16%, 10.81% and 13.34% respectively. In Ethiopia in the past eleven (11) years more than 276491 road traffic accidents, 912956km road network and 681000 number of motorized vehicle were newly introduced since 2007/08 in the study period. The variation on road traffic accident, road network coverage in km and motorized vehicle between commencement of study period (2007/08) or Ethiopia millennium (2000E.C) with end of the study period (2017/18) were estimated around 25914, 82414 and 563003 respectively. Finally, the study intend that road traffic accident had no direct or indirect relation with growth of motorized vehicle and road network coverage in Ethiopia. To curb the problem faced due to road traffic accident the government and other stakeholder must careful the issues to minimize road traffic accidents in Ethiopia.
Multimedia Image Processing Lab Experiment/Simulation
Authors: Rashid Md Mamunur
Published: May 2020

Image Processing in Multimedia Applications treats a number of critical topics in multimedia systems, with respect to image and video processing techniques and their implementations. These techniques include the Image and video compression techniques and standards, and Image and video indexing and retrieval techniques. Image Processing is an important tool to develop a Multimedia system design.
Vivienda social en Guadalajara ¿una estrategia viable para atenuar la expansión urbana metropolitana?
Authors: Arriaga Cordero Eugenio , Romero Gutiérrez Paola
Published: May 2020

La población urbana en México se duplicó entre 1980 y 2010, mientras que la extensión territorial (urban sprawl) de las ciudades se incrementó en promedio 10 veces (IMEPLAN, 2016). Este crecimiento poco sustentable se replica en el Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara (AMG), donde la población también se duplicó pero la extensión de su territorio se triplico. El crecimiento del territorio supone la generación de problemas medio ambientales, sociales, y económicos, al incrementar la dependencia del automóvil privado para funcionar eficientemente, en un modelo de desarrollo urbano disperso, fragmentado y de baja accesibilidad, dado el aumento de las distancias entre los lugares de residencia y los servicios elementales.   En contraste, el municipio de Guadalajara ha perdido población en las últimas décadas (Inegi, 2015). Lo anterior contribuyó a una pérdida del 18% de su densidad poblacional. Mientras que la periferia metropolitana, por ejemplo, el municipio de Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, aumentó su población en el mismo periodo de tiempo.   Entre las razones que explican la migración intra-municipal de Guadalajara a la periferia metropolitana, está el aumento del costo de la vivienda en Guadalajara (Sociedad Hipotecaria Federal, 2019) combinado con la baja del ingreso promedio de sus habitantes (Observatorio de Salarios, 2016). Y por otro lado, el aumento en la oferta de vivienda social en el municipio de Tlajomulco de Zúñiga. El presente artículo propone explorar una serie de políticas de vivienda social para que grupos de bajos ingresos accedan a vivienda asequible en la ciudad consolidada, con el propósito de evitar que el crecimiento del territorio del AMG continúe. Entre las alternativas de política de vivienda que se exploran destacan la vivienda en alquiler, la vivienda inclusiva, los fideicomisos/bancos de tierra y el derecho de tanteo y retracto. Estas políticas permitirían mitigar los efectos medio ambientales, económicos y sociales de una expansión territorial poco sustentable, al tiempo que facilitaría que grupos de bajos ingresos vivan en Guadalajara beneficiándose de la accesibilidad que ofrece la ciudad compacta. Además, contribuiría a elevar la cohesión social en el municipio, evitar la exclusión social de los tapatíos más pobres y atenuar la segregación social que con frecuencia sufren los grupos sociales de menor ingreso, al verse desplazados involuntariamente a la periferia urbana.
José Antonio Corrales. Elviña. Ciudad Compacta
Authors: Domínguez Nicolás Martín
Published: May 2020

José Antonio Corrales y Ramón Vázquez Molezún construyeron el Pabellón Español para la Exposición de Bruselas de 1957. Premiado en multitud de ocasiones, representaba la apertura de la arquitectura española hacia la Modernidad tras el letargo de su guerra civil. Considerado obra maestra, hoy día es referente para todos. Los poemas personales y dibujos de José Antonio Corrales, destilan su mirada atenta y sensible al Lugar. Sus proyectos la respuesta. Bruselas ya lo anunciaba. Ante la Ciudad Compacta, planteada por el Congreso, parece ser el mismo Corrales el que responde. En 1964, proyecta en solitario, un crecimiento para la ciudad de La Coruña, en Galicia, España. La Unidad Vecinal nº3 en el Polígono de Elviña: 400 viviendas, locales comerciales, guardería, garajes. Todo ello distribuido en bloques, torres y viviendas unifamiliares. Verdadera ciudad compacta radical. La Ciudad Concentrada, es resuelta por él mediante las herramientas que mejor maneja: plantas y secciones trabajando conjuntas, afinadas, exactas y esenciales.  Sin renunciar a la réplica atenta al Lugar. El sol, la orientación, los recorridos, la economía, el material, el programa, la función, el vocabulario propio del sitio... todo entra en juego. Pero también la vida de sus futuros habitantes. Propondrá una nueva vida urbana. La ciudad crece compacta pero sensible. Mediante documentos originales de su archivo, Corrales nos presentará la respuesta de un Maestro de la arquitectura.  Escuchemos atentos.
Herramientas para la evaluación de la calidad urbana de polígonos de vivienda masiva. Una aproximación empírica a través de 28 polígonos españoles
Authors: García-Pérez Sergio , Monclús Javier , Díez Medina Carmen
Published: May 2020

A pesar de la confianza que el urbanismo funcionalista depositó en los espacios libres de la ciudad de ‘torres y bloques’, cuestionar aquella visión optimista resulta hoy obligado. Cincuenta años después de la construcción de la mayoría de polígonos modernos de vivienda masiva, la configuración de los espacios abiertos ha demostrado tener una responsabilidad ineludible en lo que se refiere a la calidad urbana de estos conjuntos. Como respuesta a los retos que plantea este importante legado urbano, en el marco del proyecto de investigación UR-Hesp se ha desarrollado una metodología de análisis que trata de evaluar la calidad urbana de los espacios libres de los polígonos residenciales. La aplicación de esta metodología permite identificar puntos fuertes y débiles, así como comparar su calidad en el momento en el que se proyectaron y en la actualidad. Cuestiones como la integración, la permeabilidad, la estructura viaria, la diversidad de usos, la tipología del espacio intermedio, la estructura parcelaria, la densidad, la diversidad edificatoria y la atención por el diseño a la ‘altura de los ojos’, son evaluadas en detalle para cada caso específico. El objetivo de esta comunicación es presentar los resultados de la aplicación de dicha metodología de forma pormenorizada a 28 conjuntos de vivienda de Madrid, Barcelona y Zaragoza, así como su potencial extrapolación a otros casos de estudio.
Aplicaciones basadas en los SIG para el diseño de itinerarios culturales en paisajes con valores patrimoniales difusos. El caso del territorio del Bajo Guadalquivir (Conjunto Arqueológico de Itálica): Revisión sistemática de literatura científica
Authors: Merino del Río Rebeca , Tejedor Cabrera Antonio , Linares Gómez del Pulgar Mercedes
Published: May 2020

En los últimos años, los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) se han erigido como la herramienta clave para realizar análisis espaciales avanzados de diversa índole a escala territorial. Lo evidencia el elevado número de estudios y publicaciones de disciplinas dispares como la geografía, la arqueología, la ingeniería civil o el urbanismo. Sin embargo, su aplicación arquitectónica en la restauración y revalorización de paisajes con valores patrimoniales no ha sido suficientemente explorada desde un punto de vista científico. El Conjunto Arqueológico de Itálica, situado territorialmente en el Bajo Guadalquivir en el área metropolitana de Sevilla, forma parte de un amplio sistema de restos arqueológicos difusos actualmente desarticulado debido a la expansión frenética de los núcleos urbanos a costa del medio rural próximo. El itinerario cultural se presenta como una infraestructura de movilidad contemporánea capaz de ofrecer una lectura integral de los antiguos cursos naturales y sistemas de movilidad históricos. Su diseño asistido por los SIG, atendiendo a otros recursos medioambientales y servicios culturales, permite revalorizar zonas urbanas y periurbanas deprimidas, así como lograr un uso inclusivo del territorio. Esta comunicación examina una posible metodología de diseño de itinerarios culturales en paisajes patrimoniales con SIG a escala territorial basada en la revisión sistemática de la literatura científica más relevante. Concretamente, su aplicación se limita al entorno del Conjunto Arqueológico de Itálica. Esto nos permite evaluar la oportunidad de un estudio como el que se propone y detectar aquellas funcionalidades de los SIG más adecuadas para cada fase de la metodología.Esta investigación se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades “Smart Architectural and Archaeological Heritage: instrumentos y estrategias de innovación para la integración de la gestión patrimonial, turística y paisajística” del Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción, Universidad de Sevilla.
Paisajes urbanos insurgentes de la metrópolis mexicana. Consecuencias de la neutralización del espacio público en los conjuntos habitacionales de la periferia.
Authors: Fernández Posadas Javier
Published: May 2020

A raíz de la llegada del urbanismo moderno a México, a partir de los años treinta del siglo XX, se construyeron en la capital una serie de conjuntos y unidades habitacionales influenciados por las ideas funcionalistas de Le Corbusier, la Escuela de Chicago o las propuestas de la ciudad-jardín británica. Experiencias como las de Hannes Meyer, Mario Pani, Luis Ramos o Antonio Serrato, pensadas para la periferia de entonces bajo la lógica del zonning y en el marco de una modernidad posteriormente truncada, constituyen hoy en día una formidable paradoja: absorbidas actualmente en el interior de la gran estructura de la metrópolis, su densidad habitacional, los servicios y espacios públicos que acompañaban cada proyecto y la importancia de la calle como articulador de la colectividad vecinal, emergen como ideales frente al diseño urbano de los suburbios y fraccionamientos que conforman el actual área metropolitana. En contraposición al espacio público legado por las propuestas de la modernidad, este artículo propone un recorrido por el paisaje urbano de algunos suburbios de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México, donde la especulación urbanística ha construido lugares uniformes, estandarizados y con un espacio público neutralizado. Ante una arquitectura y un urbanismo que no favorecen la vida urbana propia de las ciudades, la ciudadanía que habita estos lugares ha transformado el paisaje urbano impuesto por la lógica de la ciudad dispersa reivindicando, a través de transformaciones insurgentes, la ciudad que les ha sido negada.
La informalidad del límite urbano: Pinares de Oriente, procesos resilientes en Medellín
Authors: Aquilué Junyent Inés
Published: May 2020

Este artículo recoge el análisis evolutivo del barrio informal de Pinares de Oriente en la ciudad colombiana de Medellín, para sentar las bases de la intervención y mejora de la seguridad ambiental del asentamiento, evitando los riesgos provocados por su implantación informal, pero sin perjudicar las relaciones socioeconómicas ya establecidas. El sector inició su construcción producto de los procesos migratorios provocados por el conflicto armado en Colombia, iniciado en los años 1960 y con antecedentes desde el año 1948. Este asentamientos irregular, implementado desde el año 2000, fue producto de la movilidad poblacional desde ámbitos rurales, forzada por la violencia sociopolítica. Este éxodo ha provocado patrones de extensión urbana basados en la autoconstrucción, la informalidad y la ilegalidad. La situación de emergencia de Pinares de Oriente, debido a su emplazamiento inestable y su déficit en servicios y accesibilidad, requiere una intervención analítica y crítica de sus espacios relacionales. Su desarrollo urbano inicialmente ilegal, y en la actualidad, sólo parcialmente legalizado, ha alcanzado un punto crítico, puesto que el Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial (POT) de la ciudad de Medellín plantea la eliminación parcial de algunas áreas edificadas que se encuentran al límite de la zona urbana y en zonas de alto riesgo. Se realiza un análisis evolutivo espacial, una representación diacrónica de las fases de implantación, que permite especificar el modelo de desarrollo seguido y que incorpora las bases históricas a considerar en las intervenciones futuras a través de los relatos en primera persona de su comunidad. Este análisis es la base para el futuro desarrollo del barrio, teniendo en cuenta la producción de su espacio y el tejido social a él vinculado. Se fija la situación espacial, concretando usos sociales y económicos, todo ello desarrollado con la participación de la comunidad, para planificar las acciones en un barrio al límite entre lo urbano y lo rural.
Rehabilitación de la plaza público patrimonial “La Aguilita” en el Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México por medio de la participación ciudadana
Authors: Valiñas Varela María Guadalupe
Published: May 2020

Plaza Aguilita también denominada  “Plaza Juan José Baz” es una de las plazas publico patrimoniales de mayor importancia en la historia de los simbolos patrios de la Nación en México, pues se dice que el aguila que encontraron los mexicas se posó en esté lugar, ubicado en la Merced, actualmente es un espacio publico de conflicto, con diversas problemáticas sociales, sin embargo por medio de brigadas multidisciplinarias de alumnos del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, se ha trabajado con los vecinos para devolver esa identidad comunitaria y su manificencia al ser un espacio que se ha caracterizado por identificarse a traves de la memoria histórica de los habitantes como el lugar sagrado donde se dio tal suceso que reflejó el origen de todo un pueblo y de sus tradiciones. El paisaje urbano aledaño presenta diversas zonas de deterioro en edificios patrimoniales históricos, además una imagen urbana desorganizada que no corresponde al simbolismo del lugar. La Autoridad del Centro Histórico trabaja con alumnos del IPN y vecinos para incluir el proyecto de rehabilitación de la misma en el Programa de mejoramiento barrial del Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México. Un lugar emblemático que organiza el espacio de la centralidad en la ciudad.
Pressupostos metaéticos do anarquismo filosófico
Authors: Faggion Andrea Luisa Bucchile
Published: May 2020

Como uma tese positiva, o anarquismo filosófico alega que a autoridade política é inconsistente com a racionalidade prática, na medida em que a melhor análise mostra que diretivas emitidas por autoridades são razões independentes de conteúdo. O objetivo deste artigo é esclarecer os pressupostos metaéticos por trás dessa alegação. Uma vez que anarquistas filosóficos rejeitam como irracional a possibilidade de que um agente possa seguir razões independentes de conteúdo emitidas por outro agente, enfatizando a responsabilidade dos agentes de avaliarem o conteúdo de toda diretiva antes de agirem em conformidade com ela, podemos ver facilmente que anarquistas filosóficos precisam ser cognitivistas em metaética. No mínimo, se não houvesse respostas certas ou erradas para questões como “o que se tem razão para fazer nestas circunstâncias?”, respostas como “deve-se seguir as diretivas da autoridade” seriam tão boas quanto quaisquer outras. Contudo, o anarquismo filosófico requer muito mais do que cognitivismo metaético; na verdade, ele requer um tipo muito específico (e ambicioso) de
Papel do Tribunal de Contas no controle financeiro municipal
Authors: Mendes Wesley De Almeida , Rocha Lucas De Paula , Ferreira Marco Aurélio Marques , Faria Evandro Rodrigues de
Published: May 2020

Apesar dos avanços que a Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal apresentou para a gestão fiscal, ainda são descumpridas as normas estabelecidas, assim, o presente estudo visou verificar os julgamentos das contas de governo dos municípios de Minas Gerais. Por meio da pesquisa documental, foram analisados os relatórios de contas de governo, referentes ao ano de 2015, de 684 municípios mineiros, que foram divididos conforme a condição de aprovação e reprovação e, em seguida, foram verificadas as descrições das prestações de contas dos municípios. Os resultados indicaram que o principal motivador de rejeição das contas foi o não cumprimento dos limites constitucionais de gastos com saúde e educação. Notou-se ainda que, apesar de os pareceres do TCEMG configurarem decisões sobre as contas públicas, seus pareceres não possuem efeitos imediatos, visto que as decisões são deliberadas no plenário das câmaras municipais.
Improving air quality forecasting with the assimilation of GOCI aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals during the KORUS-AQ period
Authors: Ha Soyoung , Liu Zhiquan , Sun Wei , Lee Yonghee , Chang Limseok
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) satellite has monitored the East Asian region in high temporal (e.g., hourly) and spatial resolution (e.g., 6 km) every day for the last decade, providing unprecedented information on air pollutants over the upstream region of the Korean Peninsula. In this study, the GOCI aerosol optical depth (AOD), retrieved at the 550 nm wavelength, is assimilated to enhance the quality of the aerosol analysis, thereby making systematic improvements to air quality forecasting over South Korea. For successful data assimilation, GOCI retrievals are carefully investigated and processed based on data characteristics such as temporal and spatial distribution. The preprocessed data are then assimilated in the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3D-Var) technique for the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). For the Korea–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) period (May 2016), the impact of GOCI AOD on the accuracy of surface PM2.5 prediction is examined by comparing with effects of other observations including Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors and surface PM2.5 observations.
Consistent with previous studies, the assimilation of surface PM2.5 measurements alone still underestimates surface PM2.5 concentrations in the following forecasts, and the forecast improvements last only for about 6 h. When GOCI AOD retrievals are assimilated with surface PM2.5 observations, however, the negative bias is diminished and forecast skills are improved up to 24 h, with the most significant contributions to the prediction of heavy pollution events over South Korea.
Self-sustained Oscillations in the Atmosphere (0–110 km) at Long Periods
Authors: Offermann Dirk , Kalicinsky Christoph , Koppmann Ralf , Wintel Johannes
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Self-generated (self-sustained) oscillations have been observed in measured atmospheric data at multi-annual periods. These oscillations are also present in General Circulation Models even if their boundary conditions with respect to solar cycle, sea surface temperature, and trace gas variability are kept constant. The present analysis contains temperature oscillations with periods from below 5 yr up to 341 yr in an altitude range from the Earth’s surface to the lower thermosphere (110 km). The periods are quite robust as they are found to be the same in different model calculations and in atmospheric measurements. The oscillations show vertical profiles with special structures of amplitudes and phases. They form layers of high/low amplitudes that are a few dozen km wide. Within the layers the data are correlated. Adjacent layers are anticorrelated. A vertical displacement mechanism is indicated with displacement heights of a few 100 metres. Vertical profiles of amplitudes and phases of the various oscillation periods as well as their displacement heights are surprisingly similar. The oscillations are related to the thermal and dynamical structure of the middle atmosphere. These results are from latitudes/longitudes in Central Europe.
Simultaneous measurements of the relative-humidity-dependent aerosol light extinction, scattering, absorption, and single-scattering albedo with a humidified cavity-enhanced albedometer
Authors: Zhou Jiacheng , Xu Xuezhe , Zhao Weixiong , Fang Bo , Liu Qianqian , Cai Yuanqing , Zhang Weijun , Venables Dean S. , Chen Weidong
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Hygroscopic aerosols take up water and grow with
increasing relative humidity (RH), giving rise to large changes in light
extinction (bext), scattering (bscat), absorption (babs), and
single scattering albedo (SSA, ω). The optical hygroscopic growth
factors for each parameter (f(RH)ext,scat,abs,ω) are thus
important for assessing aerosol effects on regional air quality, atmospheric
visibility, and radiative forcing. The RH dependence of aerosol scattering
and extinction has been studied in many laboratory and field studies.
However, owing partly to the absence of suitable instrumentation, there are
few reports of the RH dependence of aerosol absorption and ω. In
this work, we report the development of a humidified cavity-enhanced
albedometer (H-CEA) for simultaneous measurements of
f(RH)ext,scat,abs,ω at λ=532 nm from 10 % to 88 %
RH. The instrument's performance was evaluated with laboratory-generated
ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride, and nigrosin aerosols. Measured
hygroscopic growth factors for different parameters were in good agreement
with model calculations and literature-reported values, demonstrating the
accuracy of the H-CEA for measuring RH-dependent optical properties.
Hydrometeor classification of quasi-vertical profiles of polarimetric
radar measurements using a top-down iterative hierarchical
clustering method
Authors: Lukach Maryna , Dufton David , Crosier Jonathan , Hampton Joshua M. , Bennett Lindsay , Neely III Ryan R.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Correct, timely and meaningful interpretation of polarimetric weather radar observations requires an accurate understanding of hydrometeors and their associated microphysical processes along with well-developed techniques that automatize their recognition in both the spatial and temporal dimensions of the data. This study presents a novel technique for identifying different types of hydrometeors from Quasi-Vertical Profiles (QVP). In this new technique, the hydrometeor types are identified as clusters belonging to a hierarchical structure. The number of different hydrometeor types in the data is not predefined and the method obtains the optimal number of clusters through a recursive process. The optimal clustering is then used to label the original data. Initial results using observations from the NCAS X-band dual-polarization Doppler weather radar (NXPol) show that the technique provides stable and consistent results. Comparison with available airborne in situ measurements also indicates the value of this novel method for providing a physical delineation of radar observations. Although this demonstration uses NXPol data, the technique is generally applicable to similar multivariate data from other radar observations.
TanSat ACGS on-orbit spectral calibration by use of individual
solar lines and entire atmospheric spectra
Authors: Bi Yanmeng , Wang Qian , Yang Zhongdong , Liu Chengbao , Lin Chao , Tian Longfei , Zhang Naiqiang , Luo Yanping , Wang Yacheng
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The spectra measured by the Atmospheric Carbon dioxide Grating Spectrometer (ACGS) carried by the China global carbon dioxide observation satellite (TanSat) in the band of 0.76 μm, 1.61 μm and 2.06 μm can be used for the retrieval of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations by fitting the observations and simulations using the optimal estimation algorithm. Accurately detecting the change of the center wavelength is highly important because of its very high spectral resolution and accuracy requirement for product retrieval. The variations of center wavelength for all three bands of ACGS have been calculated on the locations of the individual solar absorption lines by comparing the solar-viewing measurements and the high resolution solar reference spectrum. The variations with magnitudes less than 10 % of the spectral resolution for each band have been detected. The changes are probably caused by vibration and the instrument status difference between the ground and space, especially temperature variation on orbit. In addition to solar lines, the entire atmospheric spectra simulated by radiative transfer model can be used as the reference spectrum to determine the wavelength change by fitting the measured and simulated spectra. The change of wavelength determined by atmospheric spectra is closely consistent with that by solar lines. Both schemes described here can be used not only for monitoring spectral stability but also to gain spectral knowledge prior to the level-2 product processing. These minor temporal changes of wavelength on orbit should be corrected in the product retrieval.
Should altitudinal gradients of temperature and precipitation inputs be inferred from key parameters in snow-hydrological models?
Authors: Ruelland Denis
Published: May 2020

Abstract. This paper evaluates whether snow-covered area and streamflow measurements can help assess altitudinal gradients of temperature and precipitation in data-scarce mountainous areas more efficiently than using the usual interpolation procedures. A dataset covering 20 Alpine catchments is used to investigate this issue. Elevation dependency in the meteorological fields is accounted for using two approaches: (i) by estimating the local and time-varying altitudinal gradients from the available gauge network based on deterministic and geostatistical interpolation methods with an external drift; and (ii) by calibrating the local gradients using an inverse snow-hydrological modelling framework. For the second approach, a simple two-parameter model is proposed to target the temperature/precipitation–elevation relationship and to regionalize air temperature and precipitation from the sparse meteorological network. The
coherence of the two approaches is evaluated by benchmarking several
hydrological variables (snow-covered area, streamflow) computed with
snow-hydrological models fed with the interpolated datasets and checked
against available measurements. Results show that accounting for elevation
dependency from scattered observations when interpolating air temperature
and precipitation cannot provide sufficiently accurate inputs for models.
The lack of high-elevation stations seriously limits correct estimation of
lapse rates of temperature and precipitation, which, in turn, affects the
performance of the snow-hydrological simulations due to imprecise estimates
of temperature and precipitation volumes. Instead, retrieving the local
altitudinal gradients using an inverse approach enables increased accuracy
in the simulation of snow cover and discharge dynamics while limiting problems of over-calibration and equifinality.
Coherent diffraction imaging for enhanced fault and fracture network characterization
Authors: Schwarz Benjamin , Krawczyk Charlotte M.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Faults and fractures represent unique features of the solid Earth and are especially pervasive in the shallow crust. Aside from directly relating to crustal dynamics and the systematic assessment of associated risk, fault and fracture networks enable the efficient migration of fluids and, therefore, have a direct impact on concrete topics relevant to society, including climate-change mitigating measures like CO2 sequestration or geothermal exploration and production. Due to their small-scale complexity, fault zones and fracture networks are typically poorly resolved and their presence can often only be inferred indirectly in seismic and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) subsurface reconstructions. We suggest a largely data-driven framework for the direct imaging of these features by making use of the faint and still often under-explored diffracted portion of the wavefield. Finding inspiration in the fields of optics and visual perception, we introduce two different conceptual pathways for coherent diffraction imaging and discuss respective advantages and disadvantages in different contexts of application. At the heart of both of these strategies lies the assessment of data coherence, for which a range of quantitative measures is introduced. To illustrate the approaches versatility and effectiveness for high-resolution geophysical imaging, several seismic and GPR field data examples are presented, in which the diffracted wavefield sheds new light on crustal features like fluvial channels, erosional surfaces, and intricate fault and fracture networks on land and in the marine environment.
In Defense of “Doctrinal Exegesis”: A Proposal, with Reference to Trinitarian Theology and the Fourth Gospel
Authors: Hill Wesley
Published: May 2020

Many definitions and descriptions of “theological interpretation” often leave the “theology” in “theological” unspecified. A kind of generalized understanding of “theology” often eclipses more robustly confessional, doctrinal, or magisterial commitments, leading to theological interpretations of the Bible that occlude any particular ecclesial or traditional allegiance. This article proposes that attending to “doctrinal exegesis”—with “doctrine” being understood as a reference to specific ecclesial and theological traditions and loci—can help refocus the enterprise of reading Scripture with theological ends in view. With that goal in mind, the article examines the doctrine of the Trinity in “social Trinitarian” and “classical” perspectives, via Jürgen Moltmann and Richard Bauckham’s engagement with the Fourth Gospel and Thomas Aquinas’s commentary on the same text respectively, and concludes that thinking about doctrinal or dogmatic loci and their prominent interpreters may help one become a more focused theological exegete.
Superseding Patristic Supersessionism: Hilary of Poitiers and Cyril of Alexandria on Hosea 1–3
Authors: Meeks Charles
Published: May 2020

Richard Kendall Soulen holds that the major error of early Christians’ interpretation of the state of the Jewish faith in relation to Christianity is in their “flattening” of history. In this view, the Jewish faith is superseded by the Christian faith because of Christ’s rejection by the Jews and the establishment of the church. While the church fathers have received much generalized criticism due to apparent supersessionist tendencies in their exegesis, Michael Azar’s recent scholarship on Origen of Alexandria demonstrates that a closer examination of patristic exegesis is warranted. This article builds on the work of Azar by drawing attention to the interpretation of Hos 1–3 in the exegetical work of Hilary of Poitiers and Cyril of Alexandria. Both Hilary and Cyril treat Hosea’s relationship with Gomer as a synecdoche for the openness of God’s promises to all people and not as evidence that God has abandoned the Jews for the church. In light of their exegesis of Hosea, and following Azar’s work on Origen, I argue that the interpretive practice of viewing salvation history as non-linear reveals a more complex interpretive tendency in the first several centuries of the church than generalizations about supersessionism allow.
YouTube Videos on EFL College Students’ Listening Comprehension
Authors: Chien Chia-chi , Huang Yenling , Huang Peiwen
Published: May 2020

This paper aimed to explore the effect of using YouTube as a supplementary material with EFL college students. The research intended to reveal the improvement of the students’ listening comprehension after the 5-week treatments—students participating in this study are all Taiwanese, age from 18-20, with a high intermediate level of proficiency in English. They were all in the same class and were exposed under the multimedia (YouTube) learning environment. However, students were obliged to finish the pre-test and post-tests. Moreover, the questionnaire was offered to them in order to know the perceptions and reflections of students with integrating YouTube into courses as well.

In this research, paired T-Test was used to find out if there was a significant difference that exists before and after the treatments, also validate the pre-specified result. It was suggested that after training in the combination of the computer-assisted learning technique and traditional pedagogy, students performed better on the listening comprehension test than without the treatment before.
Current Trends in the Development of the Modern International Political System
Authors: Alexey A. Amiantov , Irina S. Amiantova , Anastasia V. Novikova
Published: May 2020

The article describes various aspects of development dynamics of the international political system in the XXI century. The aim of the work is to determine the current state of the structure of the international political system and to assess the prospects for its further development. The article analyses general regularities of development of the structure of the international political system. The author concludes that the present structure of the international political system is gradually transforming. Its basic elements are eclectic because the process of transformation is uneven and incomplete. Moreover, the nature of relations between the main actors undergoes fundamental changes. The global arena tends to experience a heating confrontation against the background of increased ties within clusters of regional and macroregional actors.
Verbetert het cabinekampeerverbod de verblijfsomstandigheden van internationale vrachtwagenchauffeurs tijdens hun rust van 45 uur?
Authors: van der Hoeven A.M.H. , van Meeteren M.J.
Published: May 2020

Verbetert het cabinekampeerverbod de verblijfsomstandigheden van internationale vrachtwagenchauffeurs tijdens hun rust van 45 uur? Over de implicaties van de beslissing van het HvJ EU in Vaditrans

Eind 2017 bepaalde het HvJ EU dat de vrachtwagencabine geen geschikte plek is voor vrachtwagenchauffeurs om hun normale wekelijkse rust door te brengen. Sindsdien geldt in de hele EU het zogenoemde cabinekampeerverbod. Op basis van kwalitatief empirisch onderzoek onder internationale vrachtwagenchauffeurs wordt in dit artikel onderzocht in hoeverre het HvJ EU met deze uitspraak de verblijfsomstandigheden van (internationale) vrachtwagenchauffeurs tijdens hun normale wekelijkse rust daadwerkelijk heeft verbeterd. De resultaten laten zien dat een aanzienlijk deel van de geïnterviewde chauffeurs met het verbod geen verbetering van deze verblijfsomstandigheden ervaart. Het totaalverbod doet geen recht aan de diversiteit aan wensen van chauffeurs. Bovendien wordt aan de praktische randvoorwaarden zoals beschikbaarheid van beveiligde parkeerplaatsen nabij betaalbare hotels momenteel niet voldaan. Gelet op dit alles ligt het niet in de rede dat het verbod op korte termijn tot een verbeterd verblijf tijdens de 45 uur rust zal leiden.
De gevaarlijke asielzoeker en het Unierecht
Authors: van Oort Hans
Published: May 2020

De gevaarlijke asielzoeker en het Unierecht – Gevaarzetting als grond voor uitsluiting van internationale bescherming

The dangerous asylum seeker easily captures the public's attention. Policies increasingly focus on strong repercussions for asylum seekers who cause disturbances or can be considered dangerous. This article distinguishes between categories of asylum seekers based on the kind of disturbance or danger they cause in the view of the general public. It is argued that EU law provides a strong basis for denying or withdrawing the residence rights of asylum seekers based on public order considerations. In practice however, it seems difficult to meet the threshold of the public order criteria developed by the Court of Justice.
Misdaad of heldendaad: humanitaire mensensmokkel bezien vanuit de crimmigratietrend
Authors: Chatelion Counet Anna
Published: May 2020

Misdaad of heldendaad: humanitaire mensensmokkel bezien vanuit de crimmigratietrend

In the Netherlands, the penalization of human smuggling has become broader and more severe. This development is part of a crimmigration trend that describes an increase of immigration-related criminal offenses. Currently, the provision does not include a financial component, nor does it exclude acts with a humanitarian motive. The validity of such severe prohibitions, especially those including acts that are not morally reprehensible, is questioned through the concept of ‘humanitarian smuggling’. Moral reprehensibility is one of the criteria for criminalization that provide a framework for the reflection on the Dutch prohibition of human smuggling that is conducted in this article.
Ten afscheid: terugblikken en ver kijken. Interview met Theo Kremer
Authors: Bockwinkel J.W. , van Dijk Chr.H.
Published: May 2020

Ten afscheid: terugblikken en verkijken. Interview met Theo Kremer

De redactie blikt terug met vertrekkend redactielid en oud-directeur van het PIV, Theo Kremer, op zijn loopbaan in de letselschadewereld en zijn drijfveren in het werk. Kremer wordt gevraagd naar de verbeteringen die zich gedurende zijn werkzame leven in de letselschadepraktijk hebben voorgedaan en zijn wensen voor de toekomst van de branche. Kremer benoemt diverse mogelijkheden om de afwikkeling van claims te bekorten: invoering van de directe verzekering, normering en de geschillenanalyse.
Compensatie van misdrijfschade: veel beweging, voldoende inzicht en visie?
Authors: Hebly M.R. , Lindenbergh S.D.
Published: May 2020

Compensatie van misdrijfschade: veel beweging, voldoende inzicht en visie? Verslag van het symposium van 24 september 2019

In de afgelopen decennia is in toenemende mate ingezet op ‘emancipatie’ van slachtoffers van misdrijven. Op het punt van compensatie zijn uiteenlopende maatregelen genomen vanuit de gedachte dat de dader moet vergoeden wat hij heeft veroorzaakt. Onderzoeken op dit terrein laten niet alleen verschillende vragen open, maar roepen ook nieuwe vragen op. Wie draagt uiteindelijk welke schade? Wat komt er van verhaal terecht? Wordt misdrijfschade met de daartoe beschikbare middelen efficiënt gecompenseerd? Kan het ook anders? Deze en dergelijke vragen kwamen aan de orde tijdens het op 24 september 2019 te Rotterdam gehouden symposium ‘Compensatie van misdrijfschade – solidariteit, verzekering, verhaal’.
Opwarming van het klimaat als onrechtmatige daad?
Authors: Kuiper-Slendebroek B.A.
Published: May 2020

Opwarming van het klimaat als onrechtmatige daad? HR 20 december 2019, ECLI:NL:HR:2019:2006

Bespreking van het arrest van de Hoge Raad van 20 december 2019 in de veelbesproken klimaatzaak tussen Urgenda en de Nederlandse Staat.
Ferramenta Digital Voltada a Prevenção do Suicídio no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Martins Marcos Vinnicius , Guerra Luciéli Tolfo Beque
Published: May 2020

Este artigo traz informações relevantes sobre o cenário do Rio Grande do Sul relacionado com as questões pertencentes ao fenômeno do suicídio. Informa dados levantados em uma pesquisa local realizada com profissionais da área da saúde, onde buscou-se informações e subsídios que possibilitem o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta digital voltada aos dispositivos móveis, com o objetivo proporcionar materiais de promoção à vida, assistência e apoio aos usuários. Aplicando assim, a tecnologia como ferramenta de prevenção ao suicídio, participando e apoiando iniciativas públicas já existentes que tenham foco na redução do número de óbitos por esta causa.
Uma Alternativa Colaborativa para Expansão de Dicionários Morfológicos de Tradutores Automáticos Baseados em Regras
Authors: Nogueira Vinícius Silva , Miranda Júnior Aléssio
Published: May 2020

Neste trabalho, apresentamos a proposta de um ambiente web colaborativo, chamado Apertium WDM, para ampliação de dicionários morfológicos utilizados em tradutores automáticos baseados em regras, mais especificamente para o tradutor Apertium. O ambiente disponibiliza uma interface homem-máquina que permite com que usuários não especialistas em computação e com conhecimentos básicos sobre uma língua possam contribuir com a expansão do vocabulário de um dicionário morfológico. Tal interface faz uso de um conjunto de funcionalidades para manipulação destes dicionários, que são fornecidas por uma API, e todas as contribuições são armazenadas em repositórios Git. Com esse ambiente, espera-se reduzir o conhecimento necessário como pré-requisito para uma pessoa se tornar apta a contribuir com a expansão de um dicionário morfológico e, com isso, aumentar o número de contribuidores em potencial do Apertium.
Uso do Tablet e Tecnologias com os Alunos de 4º anos do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Canela Ana Maria De Sá Sitjar , Netto Andrea Vieira
Published: May 2020

Os recursos audiovisuais e a inserção da realidade virtual através da utilização do tablet, nesta prática, tem como objetivo favorecer o educando a apropriar-se dos conteúdos de ciências de forma mais significativa e próxima à realidade. Para a geração atual o uso de dispositivos como tablets se faz presente em seu cotidiano, portanto a inclusão desta mídia para o trabalho em sala de aula vem corroborar com a prática pedagógica e neste contexto o professor deve atuar como facilitador na interação do aluno com as novas mídias. No estudo de ciências é importante contar com as possibilidades proporcionadas pela plataforma gráfica do tablet que dispõe de diversos aplicativos que estimulam o educando a construir seu próprio conhecimento. O projeto possibilitou o estudo das células com a utilização da Realidade Aumentada, através do aplicativo CelAD, que permitiu observá-las com as estruturas que a compõem. Durante o desenvolvimento do projeto também foram utilizados vídeos educacionais, o conteúdo do livro didático e a prática com massa de modelar. A consolidação da aprendizagem sobre as células com o uso da realidade aumentada proporcionada pelo aplicativo CelAD, teve como ápice a exposição do tema durante a Mostra pedagógica para os pais e comunidade escolar. Os discentes apresentaram o conteúdo exposto com efetivo conhecimento e responsabilidade com o uso do material.
Implementação do Módulo Web Baseado na Arquitetura Cliente-Servidor para o Aplicativo Móvel Educacional e Open-Source Sem!o
Authors: De Oliveira Gabriele Bueno , De Abreu Jeziel Mateus , Maciel Joylan Nunes , Kapp Marcelo Nepomoceno
Published: May 2020

O uso das tecnologias de informação na saúde tem promovido contribuições positivas no ensino-aprendizagem da medicina. Este trabalho apresenta o processo de desenvolvimento de um módulo web e sua integração ao aplicativo móvel educacional e open-source Sem!o, o qual é utilizado no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da semiologia médica. O módulo web está em fase de implementação e emprega a arquitetura Cliente-Servidor, o padrão arquitetural REST, as ferramentas da plataforma Google Android e o modelo de desenvolvimento de software do Processo Unificado. A construção do módulo web permitirá o uso do aplicativo Sem!o por diversos usuários simultaneamente, via Internet, agregando características de interatividade e estimulando um melhor aprendizado dos termos médicos para os estudantes de medicina. Isto contribuirá positivamente na qualificação dos futuros profissionais médicos, pois o correto significado dos termos médicos promove diagnósticos mais precisos e efetivos para a sociedade. As características de flexibilidade de acesso e atualização da base de dados do aplicativo Sem!o são diferenciadas e o tornam aplicável em qualquer domínio do conhecimento na educação.
Method to Calculate the Surface Area of roots by Digital Image Processing
Authors: Name Marcio Hosoya
Published: May 2020

The evaluation of root crops is important for better understanding of the effects of plant nutrition and nutrient management in the soil. However, the studies and the root system of the culture are slow, require a long time and show low precision results. In this context, digital image processing can be an alternative. The objective of this study was to develop a computational method to assist in the evaluation of the surface area of ​​soybean roots. It was initially developed in Java platform by providing the OpenCV library through the plug-in JavaCV. Then, after the manual count, the soybean root samples that have been scanned, were loaded into the software. The software developed results were correlated with the intersection of the line method. The correlation coefficient (R = 0.77) obtained by the software developed was on average good, compared to the métododa line intersection. Therefore, in general, the proposed method was necessary paraestimar the surface area of ​​the soybean roots.
Open Source Software on the Research of Extractive Adoption of Software Product Lines
Authors: Wolfart Daniele , Assunção Wesley  Klewerton Guez , Martinez Jabier
Published: May 2020

Beyond the main purpose of Open Source Software (OSS) to open industrial Provide and personal solutions, pieces of OSS are Also the subject of many research efforts. In this work we focus on OSS usage the case study subjects in the context of extractive adoption of software product lines. This field of research is related to re-engineering the existing system towards more variants systematic reuse for the creation and management of a family of products. By analyzing the catalog of case studies, We provide an overview and a discussion of the current research state-of-the-practice of OSS usage across the different phases of the process re-engineering. We complement this work with the identification of available OSS tools to support this process to show the conclusion, the healthy contribution que OSS communities are directly or Indirectly making to this active research field.