bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recognition of multi-cognitive tasks from EEG signals using EMD methods
Authors: Gupta Akshansh , Kumar Dhirendra , Verma Hanuman , Tanveer M. , Javier Andreu Perez , Lin Chin-Teng , Prasad Mukesh
Published: June 2022

Mental task classification (MTC), based on the electroencephalography (EEG) signals is a demanding brain–computer interface (BCI). It is independent of all types of muscular activity. MTC-based BCI systems are capable to identify cognitive activity of human. The success of BCI system depends upon the efficient feature representation from raw EEG signals for classification of mental activities. This paper mainly presents on a novel feature representation (formation of most informative features) of the EEG signal for the both, binary as well as multi MTC, using a combination of some statistical, uncertainty and memory- based coefficient. In this work, the feature formation is carried out in the two stages. In the first stage, the signal is split into different oscillatory functions with the help of three well-known empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithms, and a new set of eight parameters (features) are calculated from the oscillatory function in the second stage of feature vector construction. Support vector machine (SVM) is used to classify the feature vectors obtained corresponding to the different mental tasks. This study consists the problem formulation of two variants of MTC; two-class and multi-class MTC. The suggested scheme outperforms the existing work for the both types of mental tasks classification.
Stability improvement of laccase for micropollutant removal of pharmaceutical origins from municipal wastewater
Authors: Meiczinger Mónika , Varga Béla , Wolmarans Lana , Hajba László , Somogyi Viola
Published: June 2022

Micropollutants are persistent and hazardous materials in low concentrations (ng L−1–μg L−1), including substances such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products and industrial chemicals. The advancement of analytical chemistry has allowed for the detection of micropollutants; however, an efficient and economical treatment solution is yet to be installed. Fungal laccase has been a successful biocatalyst of these compounds. However, large-scale application of free enzyme is currently not feasible for removing water-borne micropollutants, partly due to relatively rapid loss in enzyme stability. In this paper, three types of cyclodextrin, α, β and γCD, were chosen to immobilise the laccase under various conditions with the aim to improve the stability of the enzyme. Laccase activity was chosen as a response parameter, and laccase-cyclodextrin binding was evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results showed an optimum using α-cyclodextrin immobilisation. At that level, α-cyclodextrin increased the half-life of laccase and slightly improved its activity in all tested pH by physically bonding to laccase. By protecting the enzyme structure, activity was maintained under a range of circumstances (acidic conditions, from 10 to 50 °C). Under room temperature and at pH 5, α-cyclodextrin-laccase nanocomposite had a better removal efficiency of diclofenac compared to free laccase of the same concentration.

Graphical abstract
Systematic review of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) issues associated with gastric cancer: capturing cross-cultural differences
Authors: Rowsell Alison , Sodergren Samantha C. , Vassiliou Vassilios , Darlington Anne-Sophie , Guren Marianne G. , Alkhaffaf Bilal , Moorbey Chantelle , Dennis Kristopher , Terada Mitsumi
Published: June 2022

The treatment landscape for gastric cancer (GC) is constantly evolving with therapies affecting all aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) which need careful monitoring. While there are HRQoL measures designed specifically to capture issues relevant to patients with GC, these might be outdated and only relevant to patients in westernised cultures. This review identifies the patient-reported measures used to assess HRQoL of patients with GC and compares the HRQoL measures used across cultures including East Asia, where GC is more prevalent. We conducted a systematic review of publications between January 2001 and January 2021. A total of 267 papers were identified; the majority (66%) of studies involved patients from East Asian countries. Out of the 24 HRQoL questionnaires captured, the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Cancer measure (QLQ-C30) was the most widely used (60% of all studies and 62% of those involving patients from East Asian countries), followed by its gastric cancer-specific module (QLQ-STO22, 34% of all studies and 41% from East Asia). Eight questionnaires were developed within East Asian countries and, of the 20 studies including bespoke questions, 16 were from East Asia. There were six qualitative studies. HRQoL issues captured include diarrhoea, constipation, reflux, abdominal pain and abdominal fulness or bloating, difficulty swallowing, restricted eating, and weight loss. Psychosocial issues related to these problems were also assessed. Issues relating to the compatibility of some of the westernised measures within East Asian cultures were highlighted.
How should we treat long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA)? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gillespie Conor S. , Richardson George E. , Mustafa Mohammad A. , Evans Daisy , George Alan M. , Islim Abdurrahman I. , Mallucci Conor , Jenkinson Michael D. , McMahon Catherine J.
Published: June 2022

Long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA) is a heterogenous group of conditions with differing presentations. Few studies have evaluated success rates of available surgical treatments, or ascertained the natural history. There is a need to assess the efficacy of both endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) as first-line treatments. We conducted a retrospective, single-centre study of adults with LOVA at a tertiary neurosurgery centre in England, UK, aiming to identify presentation, management strategy, and outcome following treatment. A total of 127 patients were included (mean age 48.1 years, 61/127 male). Most patients were symptomatic (73.2%, n = 93/127, median symptom duration 10 months). The most common symptoms were gait ataxia, headache, and cognitive decline (52.8%, 50.4%, and 33.9%, respectively). Fourteen patients had papilloedema. Ninety-one patients (71.7%) underwent surgery (84 ETV, 7 VPS). Over a median follow-up of 33.0 months (interquartile range [IQR] 19.0–65.7), 82.4% had a clinical improvement after surgery, and 81.3% had radiological improvement. Clinical improvement rates were similar between ETV and VP shunt groups (82.1% vs 85.7%, p = 0.812). Surgical complication rates were significantly lower in the ETV group than the VP shunt group (4.8% vs 42.9%, p < 0.001). Of the patients treated surgically, 20 (22.0%) underwent further surgery, with 14 patients improving. This study demonstrates the efficacy of ETV as a first-line treatment for LOVA.
Drug loaded cellulose–chitosan aerogel microfibers for wound dressing applications
Authors: Rostamitabar M. , Ghahramani A. , Seide G. , Jockenhoevel S. , Ghazanfari S.
Published: June 2022

Cellulose and chitosan have been studied for wound dressing due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, lower antigenicity, and renewability. The functional and structural characteristics of such biopolymers can be dramatically improved by their transformation into fibrous bioaerogels due to their outstanding characteristics such as low density, high porosity, and large specific surface area. Producing aerogels in the form of fibers and textiles not only can enhance mechanical properties, stiffness, and shapeability of aerogels but also lead to short drying times and scalable production processes. Hereby, wet spun chitosan-cellulose aerogel microfibers (CHCLAFs) in two ratios of 1:5 and 1:10 have been produced by supercritical CO2 (scCO2) drying for wound dressing application. The fibers were also loaded with ibuprofen (IBU) through post-treatment scCO2 impregnation. CHCLAF characteristics in terms of morphology, textural properties, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and in vitro assessment such as drug release, antibacterial properties, cytotoxicity, and wound exudate uptake were analyzed and compared to pure cellulose aerogel microfibers (CLF). Blended CHCLAFs showed a low density (~ 0.18 g/cm3), high porosity (~ 85%), and large specific surface area (~ 300 m2/g) with a macro-porous outer shell and a nano-porous inner core. The fibers were transformed into braided meshes that were highly water absorbable (~ 400 wt.%) and bactericidal against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the fibrous structures showed no cytotoxicity using fibroblast cells, and the hybrid fibers were able to release IBU over 48 h in a sustained manner. The results showed that the CHCLAFs could be used as a promising candidate for wound dressing materials.

Graphical abstract
Dirhodium complex immobilization on modified cellulose for highly selective heterogeneous cyclopropanation reactions
Authors: Rösler Lorenz , Höfler Mark V. , Breitzke Hergen , Wissel Till , Herr Kevin , Heise Henrike , Gutmann Torsten , Buntkowsky Gerd
Published: June 2022

A novel, efficient approach for the functionalization of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is presented. The as-obtained material allows the immobilization of chiral dirhodium catalysts preserving their enantioselectivity in asymmetric cyclopropanation reactions. As model, microcrystalline cellulose is modified with a polyethylene glycol derived linker, and Rh2(S-DOSP)4 is grafted on the material to produce a heterogeneous catalyst. SEM images at different stages of the immobilization show an unchanging uniform morphology, providing constantly good separation characteristics. The modification of the cellulose material with the polyethylene derived linker and the immobilization process are monitored using DNP enhanced 1H → 13C CP MAS NMR, quantitative 19F MAS NMR, TGA and ICP-OES analysis, confirming the success of the immobilization as well as the stability of bonds between the used linker molecule and the cellulose material. Finally, the evaluation of the produced catalyst is demonstrated in the asymmetric cyclopropanation reaction between styrene and methyl(E)-2-diazo-4-phenylbut-3-enoate showing excellent enantioselectivity with an ee of nearly 90% over a wide temperature range as well as good recyclability characteristics in four consecutive catalysis cycles.
Genetic differentiation of a critically endangered population of the limpet Patella candei candei d’Orbigny, 1840, in the Canary Islands
Authors: Quinteiro Javier , González-Lorenzo Gustavo , Hernández-Reyes Dailo , Quinteiro Lara , Herrera-Pérez Rogelio , Martínez-Barrio Juán , González José Antonio , Rey-Méndez Manuel , González-Henríquez Nieves
Published: June 2022

The adoption of measures to protect the viability of threatened populations should be supported by empirical data identifying appropriate conservation units and management strategies. The global population of the majorera limpet,P. candei candeid’Orbigny, 1840, is restricted to the Macaronesian islands in the NE Atlantic, including near-to-extinct and healthy populations in Fuerteventura and Selvagens, respectively. The taxonomic position, genetic diversity and intra- and interspecific relationships of these populations are unclear, which is hindering the implementation of a recovery plan for the overexploited majorera limpet on Fuerteventura. In this study, ddRAD-based genome scanning was used to overcome the limitations of mitochondrial DNA-based analysis. As a result,P. candei candeiwas genetically differentiated from the closely relatedP. candei crenatafor the first time. Moreover, genetic differentiation was detected betweenP. candei candeisamples from Selvagens and Fuerteventura, indicating that translocations from the healthy Selvagens source population are inadvisable. In conclusion, the majorera limpet requires population-specific management focused on the preservation of exceptional genetic diversity with which to face future environmental challenges.
Evidence About Harm: Dual Status Victim Participant Testimony at the International Criminal Court and the Straitjacketing of Narratives About Suffering
Authors: D’hondt Sigurd , Pérez-León-Acevedo Juan-Pablo , Ferraz de Almeida Fabio , Barrett Elena
Published: June 2022

Although victims at the International Criminal Court (ICC) are not parties, they can apply to become “victim participants” and may be authorized by an ICC Chamber to directly and orally express their views and concerns in court. Most ICC Trial Chambers, however, have preferred allowing legal representatives of these victim participants to call victims as witnesses to give testimonial evidence about the harm they suffered. Our article focuses on the practical-epistemological challenges that come with forcing accounts of harm into this testimony-format. We draw upon ethnomethodology and conversation analysis to elucidate the discursive techniques by which legal actors in the Ongwen trial manage these challenges. These include eliciting accounts that “exhibit” suffering, posing questions that transform the “inner self” into an object of inquiry, and approaching witnesses as “informal experts”. Furthermore, while questioning related to establishing criminal liability typically proceeds in a granular fashion, testimony-taking about harm is accompanied by a tolerance for extended answers and an orientation to narrativity.
The Simulation and Design of an On-Chip Superconducting Millimetre Filter-Bank Spectrometer
Authors: Robson G. , Anderson A. J. , Barry P. S. , Doyle S. , Karkare K. S.
Published: June 2022

Superconducting on-chip filter banks provide a scalable, space saving solution to create imaging spectrometers at millimetre and submillimetre wavelengths. We present an easy to realise, lithographed superconducting filter design with a high tolerance to fabrication error. Using a capacitively coupled $$\lambda /2$$

λ
/
2

microstrip resonator to define a narrow ($$\lambda /\Delta \lambda = 300$$

λ
/
Δ
λ
=
300

) spectral pass band, the filtered output of a given spectrometer channel directly connects to a lumped-element kinetic inductance detector. We show the tolerance analysis of our design, demonstrating $$<11\%$$

<
11
%

change in filter quality factor to any one realistic fabrication error and a full filter-bank efficiency forecast to be 50% after accounting for fabrication errors and dielectric loss tangent.
Forensic view on two Raspberry Shake burglargrams
Authors: Hinzen Klaus-G. , Krummel Heinrich , Weber Bernd , Fleischer Claus
Published: June 2022

A steadily increasing number of citizen seismological stations, often located in populated areas, record a plethora of man-made events. These events are especially of interest, when they are caused by criminal activity or man-made explosions. On 4 December 2021, during an attempted robbery of an automated teller machine (ATM) in Bonn-Röttgen, Germany, the burglars used explosions. The seismic effects of the explosions were recorded with a Raspberry Shake (RS) station at a distance of 580 m from the site. While working on the analysis of this signal, another attack on an ATM on 23 February 2022 in Kürten-Dürscheid was recorded by another RS station, this time at 830-m distance with an instrument that also included an air pressure channel. The seismic signatures of both events indicate similar procedures in both cases whereby a larger explosion was quickly followed a smaller explosion after 21 s and 49 s, respectively. An estimate of the charge weight of the explosions shows that ratios of the strength of the first to second explosion were 21:1 and 9.4:1 in the Röttgen and Dürscheid attacks, respectively.
A ribbon graph derivation of the algebra of functional renormalization for random multi-matrices with multi-trace interactions
Authors: Pérez-Sánchez Carlos I.
Published: June 2022

We focus on functional renormalization for ensembles of several (say $$n\ge 1$$

n
≥
1

) random matrices, whose potentials include multi-traces, to wit, the probability measure contains factors of the form $$ \exp [-\mathrm {Tr}(V_1)\times \cdots \times \mathrm {Tr}(V_k)]$$

exp
[
-
Tr

(

V
1

)

×
⋯
×
Tr

(

V
k

)

]

for certain noncommutative polynomials $$V_1,\ldots ,V_k\in {\mathbb {C}}_{\langle n \rangle }$$

V
1

,
…
,

V
k

∈

C

⟨
n
⟩

in the n matrices. This article shows how the “algebra of functional renormalization”—that is, the structure that makes the renormalization flow equation computable—is derived from ribbon graphs, only by requiring the one-loop structure that such equation (due to Wetterich) is expected to have. Whenever it is possible to compute the renormalization flow in terms of $$\mathrm U(N)$$

U
(
N
)

-invariants, the structure gained is the matrix algebra $$M_n( \mathcal {A}_{n,N}, \star ) $$

M
n

(

A

n
,
N

,
⋆
)

with entries in $$\mathcal {A}_{n,N}=({\mathbb {C}}_{\langle n \rangle } \otimes {\mathbb {C}}_{\langle n \rangle } )\oplus ( {\mathbb {C}}_{\langle n \rangle } \boxtimes {\mathbb {C}}_{\langle n \rangle })$$

A

n
,
N

=

(

C

⟨
n
⟩

⊗

C

⟨
n
⟩

)

⊕

(

C

⟨
n
⟩

⊠

C

⟨
n
⟩

)

, being $${\mathbb {C}}_{\langle n \rangle } $$

C

⟨
n
⟩

the free algebra generated by the n Hermitian matrices of size N (the flowing random variables) with multiplication of homogeneous elements in $$\mathcal {A}_{n,N}$$

A

n
,
N

given, for each $$P,Q,U,W\in {\mathbb {C}}_{\langle n \rangle }$$

P
,
Q
,
U
,
W
∈

C

⟨
n
⟩

, by $$\begin{aligned} (U \otimes W) \star ( P\otimes Q)&= PU \otimes WQ \,, \\ (U\boxtimes W) \star ( P\otimes Q)&=U \boxtimes PWQ \,, \\ (U \otimes W) \star ( P\boxtimes Q)&= WPU \boxtimes Q \,, \\ (U\boxtimes W) \star ( P\boxtimes Q)&= \mathrm {Tr} (WP) U\boxtimes Q \,, \end{aligned}$$

(
U
⊗
W
)
⋆
(
P
⊗
Q
)

=
P
U
⊗
W
Q

,

(
U
⊠
W
)
⋆
(
P
⊗
Q
)

=
U
⊠
P
W
Q

,

(
U
⊗
W
)
⋆
(
P
⊠
Q
)

=
W
P
U
⊠
Q

,

(
U
⊠
W
)
⋆
(
P
⊠
Q
)

=
Tr
(
W
P
)
U
⊠
Q

,

which, together with the condition $$(\lambda U) \boxtimes W = U\boxtimes (\lambda W) $$

(
λ
U
)
⊠
W
=
U
⊠
(
λ
W
)

for each complex $$\lambda $$
λ
, fully define the symbol $$\boxtimes $$
⊠
.
Impact of root hairs on microscale soil physical properties in the field
Authors: Marin M. , Hallett P. D. , Feeney D. S. , Brown L. K. , Naveed M. , Koebernick N. , Ruiz S. , Bengough A. G. , Roose T. , George T. S.
Published: June 2022

Aims

Recent laboratory studies revealed that root hairs may alter soil physical behaviour, influencing soil porosity and water retention on the small scale. However, the results are not consistent, and it is not known if structural changes at the small-scale have impacts at larger scales. Therefore, we evaluated the potential effects of root hairs on soil hydro-mechanical properties in the field using rhizosphere-scale physical measurements.

Methods

Changes in soil water retention properties as well as mechanical and hydraulic characteristics were monitored in both silt loam and sandy loam soils. Measurements were taken from plant establishment to harvesting in field trials, comparing three barley genotypes representing distinct phenotypic categories in relation to root hair length. Soil hardness and elasticity were measured using a 3-mm-diameter spherical indenter, while water sorptivity and repellency were measured using a miniaturized infiltrometer with a 0.4-mm tip radius.

Results

Over the growing season, plants induced changes in the soil water retention properties, with the plant available water increasing by 21%. Both soil hardness (P = 0.031) and elasticity (P = 0.048) decreased significantly in the presence of root hairs in silt loam soil, by 50% and 36%, respectively. Root hairs also led to significantly smaller water repellency (P = 0.007) in sandy loam soil vegetated with the hairy genotype (-49%) compared to the hairless mutant.

Conclusions

Breeding of cash crops for improved soil conditions could be achieved by selecting root phenotypes that ameliorate soil physical properties and therefore contribute to increased soil health.
Advanced encryption schemes in multi-tier heterogeneous internet of things: taxonomy, capabilities, and objectives
Authors: Alagheband Mahdi R. , Mashatan Atefeh
Published: June 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly becoming widespread in different areas such as healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing. IoT networks comprise many diverse entities, including smart small devices for capturing sensitive information, which may be attainable targets for malicious parties. Thus security and privacy are of utmost importance. To protect the confidentiality of data handled by IoT devices, conventional cryptographic primitives have generally been used in various IoT security solutions. While these primitives provide just an acceptable level of security, they typically neither preserve privacy nor support advanced functionalities. Also, they overly count on trusted third parties because of some limitations by design. This multidisciplinary survey paper connects the dots and explains how some advanced cryptosystems can achieve ambitious goals. We begin by describing a multi-tiered heterogeneous IoT architecture that supports the cloud, edge, fog, and blockchain technologies and assumptions and capabilities for each layer. We then elucidate advanced encryption primitives, namely wildcarded, break-glass, proxy re-encryption, and registration-based encryption schemes, as well as IoT-friendly cryptographic accumulators. Our paper illustrates how they can augment the features mentioned above while simultaneously satisfying the architectural IoT requirements. We provide comparison tables and diverse IoT-based use cases for each advanced cryptosystem as well as a guideline for selecting the best one in different scenarios and depict how they can be integrated.
An empirical assessment of electricity consumption and environmental degradation in the presence of economic complexities
Authors: Satrovic Elma , Adedoyin Festus Fatai
Published: June 2022

To a large extent, the theories and concepts behind the effect of ecological footprint have been the paramount concern of the recent literature. Since the rising and falling of environmental degradation have been a continuous issue since the first phase of development, determinants such as economic complexity may play a critical role in achieving long-term sustainable development in the framework of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) paradigm. Therefore, this research expands on the notion of an EKC paradigm for the world’s top ten most complex economies by considering four variables, such as real GDP per capita, electricity consumption, trade openness, and a new putative factor of environmental obstacle, the economic complexity index (ECI). This is one of the first studies to look at the impact of ECI on the ecological footprint of a specific sample from 1998 to 2017. The findings demonstrate a continuous inverted U-shaped link between real GDP per capita, the square of real GDP per capita, and ecological footprint. The EKC hypothesis is found to be valid in the long term in the examined complex economies. The findings of the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) of the pooled mean group (PMG) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) estimations demonstrate that in the long term, electric power usage contributed to the carbon footprints. Furthermore, the economic complexity index and trade openness increase environmental performance over time. To determine if there is causation between the variables, we employ the panel vector error correction model (VECM) framework. Particularly, the results show unidirectional causality running from electric power consumption to ecological footprint and bidirectional causal relationship between (1) economic growth and ecological footprint; (2) square of economic growth and ecological footprint; (3) economic complexity index and ecological footprint; and (4) trade openness and ecological footprint.
Customer relationship management and its impact on entrepreneurial marketing: a literature review
Authors: Guerola-Navarro Vicente , Gil-Gomez Hermenegildo , Oltra-Badenes Raul , Soto-Acosta Pedro
Published: June 2022

Entrepreneurship is one of the business forces with the greatest power to transform today's society, due to its ability to discover and take advantage of new opportunities to satisfy customer new and changing needs and expectations. Customer relationship management (CRM) has proved to be both a highly influential business management strategy and a powerful business management technology solution, with a particularly relevant impact in the area of entrepreneurship. CRM has helped drive growth and future expectations and has had excellent results in terms of return on investment wherever it has been implemented. An exhaustive review of previously published findings in a specific subject area can uncover new lines of research. This paper uses semi-systematic review to the study of the reality of the link between CRM and entrepreneurial marketing in business. This approach is used to comprehensively describe the state of the art of the impact that CRM can have in the modern business environment, through the empowerment of entrepreneurial marketing. In a structured manner, the present paper reviews the 86 most relevant studies of how CRM affects entrepreneurial marketing policy development through its alignment with relationship marketing and customer-centric business models. The growing use of CRM in companies is one of the pillars of technological and social change in entrepreneurship, being a clear example of how big data can benefit society. The study focuses on the period from 2015 to 2019.
Exit or Voice? Behavioral Implications of Electoral-Integrity Beliefs in Germany
Authors: Schnaudt Christian
Published: June 2022

Free and fair elections are the cornerstone of representative democracy. In recent years, however, elections in many advanced democracies have increasingly come under attack by populist actors and rhetoric questioning the integrity of the electoral process. While scholarly attention has so far largely focused on expert surveys measuring and documenting the objective integrity of different elections, a thorough understanding of citizens’ electoral-integrity beliefs and their implications for political behavior is still lacking. Against this background, the present study investigates the impact of electoral-integrity beliefs on citizens’ political behavior in Germany. Specifically, the study aims to assess the influence of electoral-integrity perceptions on turnout, vote choice, and nonelectoral (institutionalized and noninstitutionalized) political participation in the offline and online spheres. The study’s preregistered empirical analysis based on the preelection survey of the 2021 German Longitudinal Election Study shows that electoral-integrity beliefs entail clear implications for citizens’ turnout and vote choice, while their influence on nonelectoral behavior is contingent upon the specific type and sphere of political participation. These findings provide novel insights on the behavioral implications of electoral-integrity beliefs and extend the (scarce) findings of previous research to (1) a broader political action repertoire as well as (2) the German context. The empirical evidence generated comes with far-reaching implications for the general viability of modern democracies, suggesting that the nexus between electoral-integrity beliefs and political behavior can be a “triple penalty” or a “double corrective” for representative democracy.
Scaling up the Two-Stage Countercurrent Extraction of Oil and Protein from Green Coffee Beans: Impact of Proteolysis on Extractability, Protein Functionality, and Oil Recovery
Authors: Almeida Flávia Souza , Dias Fernanda Furlan Gonçalves , Sato Ana Carla Kawazoe , De Moura Bell Juliana Maria Leite Nobrega
Published: June 2022

Green coffee processing has been hindered by low oil extraction yields from mechanical pressing and the need of using flammable and hazardous solvents for defatting the protein-rich cake before subsequent protein extraction. To replace the use of flammable solvents and enable the simultaneous extraction of lipids and proteins from green coffee beans at reduced water usage, a multistage countercurrent extraction process was scaled up from 0.05 to 1.14 kg and evaluated regarding protein and oil extractability, physicochemical and functional properties of the extracted protein, and oil recovery. Enzymatic extraction increased protein extractability by ~13% while achieving similar oil extractability when not using enzymes (55%). Proteolysis resulted in the release of smaller proteins with reduced surface hydrophobicity and higher solubility at acidic pH (3.0–5.0). The physicochemical changes observed due to proteolysis resulted in the formation of emulsions with reduced resistance against enzymatic and chemical demulsification strategies, enhancing the recovery of the extracted oil (48.6–51.0%). Proteolysis did not alter the high in vitro digestibility of green coffee proteins (up to 99%) or their emulsifying properties at most pH values evaluated. However, proteolysis did reduce the foaming properties of the hydrolysates compared with larger molecular weight proteins. These findings revealed the impact of extraction conditions on the extractability and structural modifications altering the functionality of green coffee proteins and the synergistic impact of extraction and demulsification strategies on the recovery of the extracted oil, paving the way for the development of structure–function processes to effectively produce green coffee proteins with desired functionality.
Leveraging Bioprocessing Strategies to Achieve the Simultaneous Extraction of Full-Fat Chickpea Flour Macronutrients and Enhance Protein and Carbohydrate Functionality
Authors: Machida Kazunori , Huang Yu-Ping , Furlan Gonçalves Dias Fernanda , Barile Daniela , Leite Nobrega de Moura Bell Juliana Maria
Published: June 2022

The concurrent extraction of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates can be achieved by aqueous and enzymatic extraction processes, circumventing the low extractability by mechanical pressing and the use of flammable solvents. The use of alkaline protease, preceded or not by carbohydrase pretreatments, was evaluated on the extractability of oil, protein, and carbohydrates from full-fat chickpea flour and protein functionality. Enzymatic extraction increased oil and protein extractability from 49.8 to 72.0–77.1% and 62.8 to 83.5–86.1%, respectively. Although the carbohydrase pretreatments before the addition of protease did not increase oil and protein extractability, the carbohydrate content of the extracts increased from 7.68 to 9.17−9.33 mg/mL, accompanied by the release of new oligosaccharides in the extracts, as revealed by LC–MS/MS characterization. Enzymatic extraction yielded proteins with significantly higher solubility (25.6 vs. 68.2–73.6%) and digestibility (83.8 vs. 90.79–94.67%). Treatment of the extracts with α-galactosidase completely removed the flatulence-causing oligosaccharides (stachyose and raffinose). This study highlights the effectiveness of environmentally friendly bioprocessing strategies to maximize lipid, protein, and oligosaccharide extractability from full-fat chickpea flour with concurrent improvements in protein solubility and in vitro digestibility, reduction of flatulence related oligosaccharides, and generation of a more diverse pool of oligosaccharides for subsequent prebiotic evaluation.

Graphical abstract
Note on the polyhedral description of the Minkowski sum of two L-convex sets
Authors: Moriguchi Satoko , Murota Kazuo
Published: June 2022

L-convex sets are one of the most fundamental concepts in discrete convex analysis. Furthermore, the Minkowski sum of two L-convex sets, called L$$_{2}$$

2

-convex sets, is an intriguing object that is closely related to polymatroid intersection. This paper reveals the polyhedral description of an L$$_{2}$$

2

-convex set, together with the observation that the convex hull of an L$$_{2}$$

2

-convex set is a box-TDI polyhedron. Two different proofs are given for the polyhedral description. The first is a structural short proof, relying on the conjugacy theorem in discrete convex analysis, and the second is a direct algebraic proof, based on Fourier–Motzkin elimination. The obtained results admit natural graph representations. Implications of the obtained results in discrete convex analysis are also discussed.
Is Problematic Internet and Smartphone Use Related to Poorer Quality of Life? A Systematic Review of Available Evidence and Assessment Strategies
Authors: Masaeli Nassim , Billieux Joël
Published: June 2022

Purpose of Review

Previous studies have explored the links between problematic Internet use (PIU) or problematic smartphone use (PSU) and quality of life (QOL). In this systematic review, we (i) describe the instruments used to assess QOL or health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in these studies, (ii) critically examine the content validity of the instruments used, and (iii) examine the relationships between PIU, PSU, QOL, and HRQOL.

Recent Findings

We identified 17 PIU and 11 PSU studies in a systematic search. Evidence suggests that PIU and PSU negatively correlate with either QOL or HQOL and most of their domains (especially mental and physical health). Multiple instruments were used to assess QOL or HRQOL in these studies. Our analysis showed an important heterogeneity in the domains covered by these instruments.

Because of the widespread prevalence of PIU and PSU, which tend to be linked with lower QOL or HRQOL, in particular poor mental and physical health, a more systematic public health campaign is required to target the healthy use of these communication devices. Prevention programs should also target vulnerable individuals, focusing on the most affected domains of QOL and HRQOL (i.e., physical and psychological health). Among the existing instruments, the World Health Organization Quality of Life for adults and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for adolescents (aged 13–18 years) proved to be the most relevant, although new measurement instruments are needed to target domains that are specifically relevant in the context of PIU and PSU (e.g., physical and psychological health domains such as sleep, loneliness, and quality of familial relations).
HMOX1 Genetic Polymorphisms Display Ancestral Diversity and May Be Linked to Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy
Authors: Sun Tianyanxin , Cruz Giovanna I. , Mousavi Nima , Marić Ivana , Brewer Alina , Wong Ronald J. , Aghaeepour Nima , Sayed Nazish , Wu Joseph C. , Stevenson David K. , Leonard Stephanie A. , Gymrek Melissa , Winn Virginia D.
Published: June 2022

Racial disparity exists for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP), which leads to disparate morbidity and mortality worldwide. The enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is encoded by HMOX1, which has genetic polymorphisms in its regulatory region that impact its expression and activity and have been associated with various diseases. However, studies of these genetic variants in HDP have been limited. The objective of this study was to examine HMOX1 as a potential genetic contributor of ancestral disparity seen in HDP. First, the 1000 Genomes Project (1 KG) phase 3 was utilized to compare the frequencies of alleles, genotypes, and estimated haplotypes of guanidine thymidine repeats (GTn; containing rs3074372) and A/T SNP (rs2071746) among females from five ancestral populations (Africa, the Americas, Europe, East Asia, and South Asia, N = 1271). Then, using genomic DNA from women with a history of HDP, we explored the possibility of HMOX1 variants predisposing women to HDP (N = 178) compared with an equivalent ancestral group from 1 KG (N = 263). Both HMOX1 variants were distributed differently across ancestries, with African women having a distinct distribution and an overall higher prevalence of the variants previously associated with lower HO-1 expression. The two HMOX1 variants display linkage disequilibrium in all but the African group, and within EUR cohort, LL and AA individuals have a higher prevalence in HDP. HMOX1 variants demonstrate ancestral differences that may contribute to racial disparity in HDP. Understanding maternal genetic contribution to HDP will help improve prediction and facilitate personalized approaches to care for HDP.
Global Well-Posedness for the 3D Axisymmetric Hall-MHD System with Horizontal Dissipation
Authors: Li Zhouyu , Cui Meiying
Published: June 2022

Studied in this paper is the Cauchy problem for the 3D incompressible Hall-MHD system with horizontal dissipation. It is shown that if the initial data is axisymmetric and the swirl component of the velocity and the magnetic vorticity are trivial, such a system is globally well-posed for the large initial data. The key is to take full advantage of the structure of the Hall-MHD system in axisymmetric case to overcome the main difficulty due to the absence of vertical dissipation.
Money and Empire
Authors: Mehrling Perry
Published: June 2022

Charles Kindleberger ranks as one of the twentieth century's best known and most influential international economists. This book traces the evolution of his thinking in the context of a 'key-currency' approach to the rise of the dollar system, here revealed as the indispensable framework for global economic development since World War II. Unlike most of his colleagues, Kindleberger was deeply interested in history, and his economics brimmed with real people and institutional details. His research at the New York Fed and BIS during the Great Depression, his wartime intelligence work, and his role in administering the Marshall Plan gave him deep insight into how the international financial system really operated. A biography of both the dollar and a man, this book is also the story of the development of ideas about how money works. It throws revealing light on the underlying economic forces and political obstacles shaping our globalized world.
Latin American Politics and Society
Authors: Munck Gerardo L. , Luna Juan Pablo
Published: June 2022

Taking a fresh thematic approach to politics and society in Latin America, this introductory textbook analyzes the region's past and present in an accessible and engaging style well-suited to undergraduate students. The book provides historical insights into modern states and critical issues they are facing, with insightful analyses that are supported by empirical data, maps and timelines. Drawing upon cutting-edge research, the text considers critical topics relevant to all countries within the region such as the expansion of democracy and citizenship rights and responses to human rights abuses, corruption, and violence. Each richly illustrated chapter contains a compelling and cohesive narrative, followed by thought-provoking questions and further reading suggestions, making this text a vital resource for anyone encountering the complexities of Latin American politics for the first time in their studies.
Critical-layer instability of shallow-water magnetohydrodynamic shear flows
Authors: Wang Chen , Gilbert Andrew , Mason Joanne
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the instability of shallow-water shear flow with a sheared parallel magnetic field is studied. Waves propagating in such magnetic shear flows encounter critical levels where the phase velocity relative to the basic flow,$c-U(y)$, matches the Alfvén wave velocities$\pm B(y)/\sqrt {\mu \rho }$, based on the local magnetic field$B(y)$, the magnetic permeability$\mu$, and the mass density of the fluid$\rho$. It is shown that when the two critical levels are close to each other, the critical layer can generate an instability. The instability problem is solved, combining asymptotic solutions at large wavenumbers and numerical solutions, and the mechanism of instability explained using the conservation of momentum. For the shallow-water magnetohydrodynamic system, the paper gives the general form of the local differential equation governing such coalescing critical layers for any generic field and flow profiles, and determines precisely how the magnetic field modifies the purely hydrodynamic stability criterion based on the potential vorticity gradient in the critical layer. The curvature of the magnetic field profile, or equivalently the electric current gradient$J' = - B''/\mu$in the critical layer, is found to play a complementary role in the instability.
Statistics of rogue waves in isotropic wave fields
Authors: Michel Guillaume , Bonnefoy Félicien , Ducrozet Guillaume , Falcon Eric
Published: June 2022

We investigate the statistics of rogue waves occurring in the inverse cascade of surface gravity wave turbulence. In such statistically homogeneous, stationary and isotropic wave fields, low-frequency waves are generated by nonlinear interactions rather than directly forced by a wave maker. This provides a laboratory realization of arguably the simplest nonlinear sea state, in which long-time acquisitions are performed and compared with theoretical models. The analysis of thousands of rogue waves reveals that some of their properties crucially depend on four-wave resonant interactions, large crests being for instance more likely than predicted by second-order models.
A scoping review exploring the ‘grey area’ of suicide-related expression in later life: Developing a conceptual framework for professional engagement
Authors: Hafford-Letchfield Trish , Jain Briony , Gleeson Helen , Roesch Chloe , Ellmers Toby
Published: June 2022

As the body of research on suicide in later life has developed, so has its vocabulary. This has generated a high level of overlap in concepts and terminology used to articulate suicide and how it might present, as well as ‘grey area’ behavioural terms that are both specific to older adults and less well-defined (e.g. ‘hastening of death’ or ‘completed life’). A better understanding of individual experiences and pathways to suicide can help to inform assessment and interventions, and increase the potential to relate any theoretical concepts to the implementation of such. Here, we adopted a scoping review to search systematically literature on specific presentation, features, circumstances and outcomes of these grey areas of suicide in later life. Fifty-three articles (quantitative, qualitative and theoretical) were reviewed. A narrative approach was used to merge and translate this body of knowledge into a new conceptual framework based on four key themes: (a) a sense of completed life or existential loneliness; (b) death thoughts, wishes and ideation; (c) death-hastening behaviour and advanced directives; and (d) self-destructive or self-injurious behaviour. We discuss the importance of integrating this understanding into current knowledge and suicide prevention strategies for older adults. Recommendations are made for unifying research with policy themes on healthy ageing, person-centredness within service provision and citizen participation.
Characteristics of Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio of InSight Seismic Data From Mars
Authors: Xiao Wanbo , Wang Yanbin
Published: June 2022

Since February 2019, the InSight mission has returned seismic and meteorological data from Mars. We conducted horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) analysis to the InSight seismic data recorded both on the lander and on the ground. Horizontal to vertical spectral ratio curves of ground data show multi‐peak characteristics at frequencies between 1 and 30 Hz with the highest peak appearing at around 11.7 Hz. The HVSR results of the Very Broad Band (VBB) and Short Period (SP) data differ greatly for frequencies over 10 Hz due to the difference in vertical component. The onboard SP data have the same highest H/V peak as the ground SP data. We conducted numerical modeling of HVSR and confirmed that the wind‐induced lander vibrations are the major sources to the InSight seismic ground motion in high frequencies. The HVSR curves of the continuous ground SEIS data show diurnal variation and are highly correlated with local meteorological conditions. The particle motions are investigated through the polarization analysis and the random decrement method. Generally, the ground motions above the self‐noise level are linearly polarized in the horizontal plane around the highest H/V peak. The damping analysis demonstrated the mechanical origins of the highest HVSR peak, while the 2.4 Hz mode is the most likely one having natural origin. Finally, most marsquake signals analyzed in this study generally highlight the 2.4 Hz trough but cause no significant change on the shape of the H/V curves. Our study explores the possible existence of natural sources in relatively high frequencies of Mars' background noise.
Atlantic Water Circulation and Properties Northwest of Svalbard During Anomalous Southerly Winds
Authors: Koenig Zoé , Meyer Amelie , Provost Christine , Sennéchael Nathalie , Sundfjord Arild , Gascard Jean‐Claude
Published: June 2022

Atlantic Water (AW), the main source of heat and salt for the Arctic Ocean, undergoes large transformations (cooling and freshening) north of Svalbard as it flows near the surface above the Yermak Plateau (YP). In September 2017, a SeaExplorer ocean glider deployed in the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) and recovered north of Svalbard documented the circulation and properties of the AW crossing the YP. The glider sampled the different branches of the AW flowing into the Arctic around the YP: the WSC, the Svalbard Branch (SB), the Yermak Pass Branch, and the Yermak Branch. Unusual southerly winds prevailed in summer 2017 impacting AW circulation in the region. Cold and fresh lenses of shelf‐origin waters detached from the slope in the WSC to reach their density level below the core of the AW. This resulted in cooling and freshening of the AW inflow from below. The eastward current associated with the SB was found to be weak at its usual location above the 400 m isobath, likely the result of the adjustment of the flow influenced by anomalous southerly wind conditions.
Multiple Angle Observations Would Benefit Visible Band Remote Sensing Using Night Lights
Authors: Kyba Christopher C. M. , Aubé Martin , Bará Salvador , Bertolo Andrea , Bouroussis Constantinos A. , Cavazzani Stefano , Espey Brian R. , Falchi Fabio , Gyuk Geza , Jechow Andreas , Kocifaj Miroslav , Kolláth Zoltán , Lamphar Héctor , Levin Noam , Liu Shengjie , Miller Steven D. , Ortolani Sergio , Jason Pun Chun Shing , Ribas Salvador José , Ruhtz Thomas , Sánchez de Miguel Alejandro , Schneider Mathias , Shrestha Ranjay Man , Simoneau Alexandre , So Chu Wing , Storch Tobias , Tong Kai Pong , Tuñón Milagros , Turnshek Diane , Walczak Ken , Wang Jun , Wang Zhuosen , Zhang Jianglong
Published: June 2022

The spatial and angular emission patterns of artificial and natural light emitted, scattered, and reflected from the Earth at night are far more complex than those for scattered and reflected solar radiation during daytime. In this commentary, we use examples to show that there is additional information contained in the angular distribution of emitted light. We argue that this information could be used to improve existing remote sensing retrievals based on night lights, and in some cases could make entirely new remote sensing analyses possible. This work will be challenging, so we hope this article will encourage researchers and funding agencies to pursue further study of how multi‐angle views can be analyzed or acquired.