bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications of Egg Yolk Antibody (IgY) in Diagnosis Reagents and in Prevention of Diseases
Authors: Hatta Hajime , Horimoto Yasumi
Published: May 2019

This chapter begins with a brief discussion of the advantages of IgY compared to IgG before moving on to discuss the two main applications of IgY for human health. The first application is in diagnostics owing to IgY's binding specificity to given antigens: the use of IgY in immunological assays for clinical testing can eliminate the interference and false positives normally experienced when using mammalian IgG. In this section, we provide an overview of diagnostics and describe ABO blood typing and our work on the measurement of C-reactive protein and insulin using IgY. The second important use of IgY is in passive immunization therapy, wherein its ability to bind to specific antigens (pathogens, venoms, etc.) serves to neutralize their pathogenicity. Then, recent research on the therapeutic potential of IgY for the prevention of obesity and the treatment of celiac disease is introduced. Finally, monoclonal IgY antibodies and their applications are discussed. This chapter focusses on human health; related applications of IgY in the field of disease prevention and treatment in fish and domestic animals can be found elsewhere.
Advances in the Separation of Functional Egg Proteins – Egg White Proteins
Authors: Abeyrathne E. D. N. S. , Huang X. , Ahn D. U.
Published: May 2019

The egg is considered one of nature's preserved foods, which provide complete nutrients. It mainly comprises egg white and yolk. White contains 11% solids, most of which are proteins. These include ovalbumin (54%), ovotransferrin (12%), ovomucoid (11%), lysozyme (3.5%), and ovomucin (3.5%) as major proteins, with avidin (0.05%), cystatin (0.05%), ovomacroglobulin, and flavoproteins as minor proteins. These proteins have been identified for their activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-oxidative, metal-chelating, ACE-inhibitory, and many more. There have been many methods developed to separate these proteins both singly and multiply, which are used in different industries, such as food and pharmaceutical. This chapter mainly discusses the separation methods for laboratory scale as well as scale-up methods for single proteins and multiple proteins in sequence. The major emphasis of the discussion for each protein separation method is about the practicality of the methods for the commercial applications. Separation methods for both the major egg white proteins and the minor proteins are included.
Value-added Uses of Eggshell and Eggshell Membranes
Authors: Ahmed Tamer A. E. , Kulshreshtha Garima , Hincke Maxwell T.
Published: May 2019

The chicken egg is a crucial source of high-quality human nutrition. Massive numbers of eggs are produced annually with a significant proportion (30%) being processed in industrial breaking plants, leading to the accumulation of eggshell (ES) and eggshell membrane (ESM) waste. ES and ESM byproducts generated by such facilities are often disposed of in landfills without pretreatment, which is not a green strategy. ES is the calcareous outer layer that is lined by the fibrous ESM; together they constitute around 10% of the egg weight. ES can be utilized for various applications as a source of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), calcium oxide, and, after transformation, hydroxyapatite. ES applications include food supplements, adsorbents, antimicrobial agents, soil amendments, catalysis, guided tissue regeneration (GTR), and CaCO3-based interventions. ESM is suitable for different applications in various formats, including intact, powdered, solubilized, and after digestion/hydrolysis. ESM-based applications include adsorption, chemical processing support, biosensors, and electrochemical cell production, along with medical technology, cosmetics, GTR, and drug mucoadhesion testing. Finally, ESM has been evaluated as an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and food supplement. The functional and structural characteristics of ES and ESM are the basis for a variety of value-added commercial products that are available or under development.
Distinct supramolecular assemblies of Fe(iii) and Ni(ii) complexes constructed from the o-vanillin salicylhydrazone ligand: syntheses, crystal structures, DNA/protein interaction, and antioxidant and cytotoxic activity
Authors: Li Yueqin , Li Yun , Yang Zhiwei , Meng Fantao , Wang Nana , Zhou Minya , Xia Zongbiao , Gong Qiang , Gao Qinwei
Published: May 2019

A novel aroylhydrazone ligand-bridged Ni(ii) coordination polymer was reported and its DNA binding, protein interaction, radical scavenging and in vitro anticancer properties were evaluated.
Synthesis andin vitroevaluation of naphthalimide–benzimidazole conjugates as potential antitumor agents
Authors: Singh Iqubal , Luxami Vijay , Paul Kamaldeep
Published: May 2019

A novel series of benzimidazole-naphthalimide conjugates was synthesized for the first time and screened forin vitrobiological activity for 60 human cancer cell lines representing nine different cancer types.
Substrate specificity-enabled terminal protection for direct quantification of circulating MicroRNA in patient serums
Authors: Li Junyao , Fu Wenxin , Wang Zhaoyin , Dai Zhihui
Published: May 2019

Phosphate group-induced DNA terminal protection is studied, and employed to sensitively detect circulating microRNA in patient serums.
Silver nanoparticle-supported hydroxyapatite as a material for visual detection of urinary cysteine
Authors: Prasetia Retno , Fuangswasdi Saowarux , Unob Fuangfa
Published: May 2019

AgNP-supported hydroxyapatite as a new platform for colorimetric detection of urinary cysteine.
19F and 1H quantitative-NMR spectroscopic analysis of fluorinated third-generation synthetic cannabinoids
Authors: Naqi Husain A. , Woodman Timothy J. , Husbands Stephen M. , Blagbrough Ian S.
Published: May 2019

Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (q-NMR) spectroscopy is a robust and reliable analytical method that possesses many advantages over conventional chromatographic techniques used in drug analysis.
A dual-functional molecular strategy for in situ suppressing and visualizing of neuraminidase in aqueous solution using iridium(iii) complexes
Authors: Wu Chun , Wu Ke-Jia , Liu Jin-Biao , Zhou Xiao-Ming , Leung Chung-Hang , Ma Dik-Lung
Published: May 2019

We have designed for the first time a dual-functional luminescent probe and inhibitor of neuraminidase (NA), a key influenza target.
PdCl2(CH3CN)2-catalyzed regioselective C–H olefinations of 2-amino biaryls with vinylsilanes as unactivated alkenes
Authors: Sun Qiao-Ying , Li Zhao , Xu Zheng , Zheng Zhan-Jiang , Cao Jian , Yang Ke-Fang , Cui Yu-Ming , Xu Li-Wen
Published: May 2019

A palladium-catalyzed chelation-assisted C–H olefination of 2-amino biaryls using readily available vinylsilanes as unactivated alkenes was developed to afford valuable arylated vinylsilanes with exclusive (E)-selectivities.
Metal–organic framework nanosheets with flower-like structure as probes for H2S detection andin situsinglet-oxygen production
Authors: Ling Pinghua , Qian Caihua , Yu Jinjin , Gao Feng
Published: May 2019

A metal–organic framework nanosheet with flower-like structure was designed as a probe for H2S detection andin situsinglet-oxygen production under physiological pH.
The application of spatially restricted geometries as a unique route to produce well-defined poly(vinyl pyrrolidones) via free radical polymerisation
Authors: Tarnacka Magdalena , Maksym Paulina , Zięba Andrzej , Mielańczyk Anna , Geppert-Rybczyńska Monika , Leon-Boigues Laia , Mijangos Carmen , Kamiński Kamil , Paluch Marian
Published: May 2019

We report the metal-free green synthesis of linear poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) of well-defined properties via free-radical polymerisation performed under confinement.
The pentafluoroethyltrihydridoborate anion: from shock sensitive salts to stable room temperature ionic liquids
Authors: Hennig P. T. , Sprenger J. A. P. , Schneider L. N. , Ignat’ev N. V. , Finze M.
Published: May 2019

Salts of the first monoperfluoroalkylhydridoborate anion [C2F5BH3]−, which is weakly hydridic, range from explosive metal salts to stable ionic liquids.
Aromaticityversusregioisomeric effect of β-substituents in porphyrinoids
Authors: Yao Yuhang , Rao Yu , Liu Yiwei , Jiang Liang , Xiong Jin , Fan Ying-Jie , Shen Zhen , Sessler Jonathan L. , Zhang Jun-Long
Published: May 2019

Maximizing the regioisomeric effect of β-substituents on photophysical properties of porphyrinoids through disruption of TT-conjugation and reducing the aromaticity.
Electronic transport properties of MoS2 nanoribbons embedded in butadiene solvent
Authors: Pezo Armando , Lima Matheus P. , Costa Marcio , Fazzio Adalberto
Published: May 2019

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are promising materials for applications in nanoelectronics and correlated fields, where their metallic edge states play a fundamental role in the electronic transport.
Convergent energies and anharmonic vibrational spectra of Ca2H2 and Ca2H4 constitutional isomers
Authors: Bowman Michael C. , Douberly Gary E. , Schaefer Henry F.
Published: May 2019

Three constitutional isomers of both Ca2H2 and Ca2H4 have been characterized with molecular electronic structure theory.
Nd3+doped Gd3Sc2Al3O12nanoparticles: towards efficient nanoprobes for temperature sensing
Authors: Dantelle Geraldine , Matulionyte Marija , Testemale Denis , Cantarano Alexandra , Ibanez Alain , Vetrone Fiorenzo
Published: May 2019

Higher synthesis temperature of GSAG:Nd3+nanocrystals results in enhanced relative thermal sensitivity (Sr) as well as coherence length (Lc).
Copper-phthalocyanine coordination polymer as a reusable catechol oxidase biomimetic catalyst
Authors: Castro Kelly A. D. F. , Figueira Flávio , Almeida Paz Filipe A. , Tomé João P. C. , da Silva Roberto S. , Nakagaki Shirley , Neves M. Graça P. M. S. , Cavaleiro José A. S. , Simões Mário M. Q.
Published: May 2019

We report the synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of a new phthalocyanine coordination polymer (Cu4CuPcSPy).
Scandium complexes containing β-diketiminato ligands with pendant phosphanyl groups: competition between Sc/γ-C [4 + 2] cycloaddition and Sc/P frustrated Lewis pair reactions
Authors: Yao Tu , Xu Pengfei , Xu Xin
Published: May 2019

Scandium complexes based on β-diketimine bearing a phosphanyl group show divergent reaction pathways toward phenyl isocyanate, namely Sc/γ-C [4 + 2] cycloaddition and Sc/P FLP reactions.
Ambient and high-pressure kinetic investigation of methanol substitution in fac-[Re(Trop)(CO)3(MeOH)] by different monodentate nucleophiles
Authors: Schutte-Smith Marietjie , Roodt Andreas , Visser Hendrik G.
Published: May 2019

First report of high-pressure methanol substitution by entering monodentate L forms fac-[Re(CO)3(Trop)(L)] {ΔV≠(kL) = +9 – +14 cm−3 mol−1}, indicating dissociative/dissociative interchange activation.
Crystal water for high performance layered manganese oxide cathodes in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries
Authors: Nam Kwan Woo , Kim Heejin , Choi Jin Hyeok , Choi Jang Wook
Published: May 2019

Crystal water improves electrochemical performance of the layered manganese oxide for aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries.
Distribution of five SVOCs in a model room: effect of vacuuming and air cleaning measures
Authors: Uhde Erik , Varol Deniz , Mull Birte , Salthammer Tunga
Published: May 2019

We monitored the distribution of SVOCs in model rooms in dependence of temperature and cleaning measures over a period of six months.
Emerging investigator series: treatment and recycling of heavy metals from nanosludge
Authors: Liu Weizhen , Weng Changzhou , Zheng Jiayi , Peng Xiaoqian , Zhang Jing , Lin Zhang
Published: May 2019

This article reviews the challenges of nanosludge and provides new insights into the treatment of nanosludge for heavy metal recycling.
Cellulose hydrolysis byClostridium thermocellumis agnostic to substrate structural properties in contrast to fungal cellulases
Authors: Kothari Ninad , Bhagia Samarthya , Zaher Maher , Pu Yunqiao , Mittal Ashutosh , Yoo Chang Geun , Himmel Michael E. , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Kumar Rajeev , Wyman Charles E.
Published: May 2019

Unlike fungal enzymes,C. thermocellumdigestion of lignocellulosic biomass is largely unaffected by cellulose properties once cellulose is made macro-accessible.
A mild synthesis of substituted 1,8-naphthyridines
Authors: Anderson Edward C. , Sneddon Helen F. , Hayes Christopher J.
Published: May 2019

A mild synthesis of substituted 1,8-naphthyridines from 2-aminonicotinaldehyde is described.
Synthesis of non-symmetrical alkyl carbonates from alcohols and DMC over the nanocrystalline ZSM-5 zeolite
Authors: Chevella Durgaiah , Macharla Arun Kumar , Banothu Rammurthy , Gajula Krishna Sai , Amrutham Vasu , Boosa Murali , Nama Narender
Published: May 2019

A novel heterogeneous acid catalyzed highly selective synthesis of non-symmetrical alkyl carbonates from alcohols and DMC has been developed.
A microwell array platform to print and measure biomolecules produced by single cells
Authors: Abali Fikri , Broekmaat Joska , Tibbe Arjan , Schasfoort Richard B. M. , Zeune Leonie , Terstappen Leon W. M. M.
Published: May 2019

Here we describe a combined method to monitor the secretion of molecules produced by single cells, followed by a method to isolate the individual cells that produced these molecules.
Profiling protein–protein interactions of single cancer cells within situlysis and co-immunoprecipitation
Authors: Ryu Ji Young , Kim Jihye , Shon Min Ju , Sun Jiashu , Jiang Xingyu , Lee Wonhee , Yoon Tae-Young
Published: May 2019

We developed a single-cell version of the co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) analysis that examines the amount and protein–protein interactions of target proteins immunoprecipitated from individual cells.
Network mixed metal oxide (V4+ and Ti4+) nanostructures as potential material for the detection of trimethylamine
Authors: Mounasamy Veena , Mani Ganesh Kumar , Ponnusamy Dhivya , Tsuchiya Kazuyoshi , Prasad Arun K. , Madanagurusamy Sridharan
Published: May 2019

Room temperature trimethylamine sensing studies of mixed oxide VO2–TiO2 thin films deposited using the reactive dc magnetron co-sputtering technique.
A theoretical study on one-electron redox potentials of organotrifluoroborate anions
Authors: Zhu Danfeng , Zheng Wenrui , Zheng Yuanyuan , Chang Huifang , Xie Hongyun
Published: May 2019

The E° values of different kinds of organotrifluoroborate anions were investigated by using the M05-2X method with a PCM–UAHF model.
Tandem transfer hydrogenation–epoxidation of ketone substrates catalysed by alkene-tethered Ru(ii)–NHC complexes
Authors: Malan Frederick P. , Singleton Eric , van Rooyen Petrus H. , Landman Marilé
Published: May 2019

Eight novel alkene-tethered Ru(ii)–NHC complexes were employed as catalysts in tandem transfer hydrogenation–epoxidation reactions using phenacyl bromide derivatives as substrates.
Hierarchical urchin-like Co9S8@Ni(OH)2 heterostructures with superior electrochemical performance for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Qing , Xia Ping , Xu Yuyan , Jiang Deli , Chen Min
Published: May 2019

The hierarchical core–shell heterostructure of Co9S8@Ni(OH)2 with high open channels enables rapid electrolyte diffusion, thus enhancing the electrochemical performance.
Dendrimers for pulmonary delivery: current perspectives and future challenges
Authors: Mehta Piyush , Kadam Shivajirao , Pawar Atmaram , Bothiraja C.
Published: May 2019

Dendrimers and dendrimer-based delivery systems are potential biomedicines in the rapidly growing field of nanomedicine.
Switchable circularly polarized luminescence from a photoacid co-assembled organic nanotube
Authors: Fan Huahua , Jiang Hejin , Zhu Xuefeng , Guo Zongxia , Zhang Li , Liu Minghua
Published: May 2019

Self-assembled organic nanotubes exhibit a circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) response to solvent polarity.
Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed chemoselective C–H functionalization of benzamides with methyleneoxetanones controlled by the solvent
Authors: Bian Mengyao , Ma Kuangshun , Mawjuda Hamdulla , Yu Xiyong , Li Xingwei , Gao Hui , Zhou Zhi , Yi Wei
Published: May 2019

A Rh(iii)-catalyzed and solvent-controlled double chemoselective C–H functionalization of common benzamides with methyleneoxetanone has been realized.
The base-free van Leusen reaction of cyclic imines on water: synthesis of N-fused imidazo 6,11-dihydro β-carboline derivatives
Authors: Satyam Killari , Murugesh V. , Suresh Surisetti
Published: May 2019

Construction of imidazoles on dihydro β-carboline imines has been disclosed using the van Leusen reaction under base-free conditions on water.
Enantioselective synthesis of tunable chiral pyridine–aminophosphine ligands and their applications in asymmetric hydrogenation
Authors: Liu Youran , Chen Fei , He Yan-Mei , Li Chenghao , Fan Qing-Hua
Published: May 2019

A small library of tunable chiral pyridine–aminophosphine ligands were synthesized based on tetrahydroquinoline scaffolds obtained via Ru-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation. The ligands were applied in the Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of olefins and imines.
Strategies towards the synthesis of anti-tuberculosis drugs
Authors: Rode Haridas B. , Lade Dhanaji M. , Grée René , Mainkar Prathama S. , Chandrasekhar Srivari
Published: May 2019

In this report, we reviewed the strategies towards the synthesis of anti-tuberculosis drugs. They include semisynthetic approaches, resolution based strategies, microbial transformations, solid phase synthesis, and asymmetric synthesis.
Ladderization of polystyrene derivatives by palladium-catalyzed polymer direct arylation
Authors: Takagi Koji , Tanaka Hidetoshi , Mikami Koichiro
Published: May 2019

Pseudo-ladderized polystyrenes could be obtained in high yield by the palladium-catalyzed polymer direct arylation using poly(2-bromostyrene) as a prepolymer.
Behavior of active filaments near solid-boundary under linear shear flow
Authors: Anand Shalabh K. , Singh Sunil P.
Published: May 2019

The steady-state behavior of a dilute suspension of self-propelled filaments confined between planar walls subjected to Couette-flow is reported herein.
Ultrastable sandwich graphene oxide hollow fiber membranes with confined interlayer spacing
Authors: Wu Wufeng , Su Jingyi , Jia Miaomiao , Zhong Weiming , Li Zhanjun , Li Wanbin
Published: May 2019

Non-swelling sandwich graphene oxide hollow fiber membranes with a confined interlayer spacing of 0.86 nm and ultrahigh stability in water purification were developed for sharp ion sieving.
Self-adhesive photothermal hydrogel films for solar-light assisted wound healing
Authors: Gao Yujie , Du Hongyao , Xie Zhanjun , Li Miaomiao , Zhu Jinjin , Xu Jingwei , Zhang Lianbin , Tao Juan , Zhu Jintao
Published: May 2019

Self-adhesive photothermal hydrogel films can adhere to skin wound and convert solar light into heat, warming up the wound locally and promoting wound repair.
Secrecy outage analysis of double shadowed Rician channels
Authors: Ai Y. , Kong L. , Cheffena M.
Published: May 2019

The double shadowed Rician model was recently proposed to describe some realistic physical signal propagation phenomena, where a Rician faded signal is impacted by cascaded shadowing processes. In this Letter, the authors study the outage performance of the double shadowed Rician model. More specifically, they investigate the impact of two different shadowing processes on the secrecy performance by deriving novel and exact expressions for secrecy outage performance metrics. The obtained results reveal the following physical implications: (i) when a Rician faded signal undergoes line‐of‐sight shadowing, which is further cascaded by another round of composite shadowing, the latter form of shadowing imposes larger impact on the secrecy performance; (ii) the widely investigated concept of ‘protected zone’ to improve the secrecy performance should not be limited to the legitimate transmitter but also extended to the legitimate receiver due to the adverse shadowing effect caused by objects in its vicinity; and (iii) the rate of outage performance degradation grows larger as the shadowings become severe.
Compact single‐layer bandwidth‐enhanced balanced bandpass filter using half‐mode substrate‐integrated waveguide
Authors: Shen Zhidan , Xu Kai , Shi Jin
Published: May 2019

A compact single‐layer balanced bandpass filter using just one half‐mode substrate‐integrated waveguide (HMSIW) multimode resonator with slots is proposed. The pair of microstrip direct‐feed lines with space about 0.5λg (λg is the guide wavelength of HMSIW at the centre frequency f0) makes TEHM 103, TEHM 104 and TEHM 105 modes of the HMSIW multimode resonator operate in differential mode and TEHM 102 and TEHM 106 modes operate in common mode (CM). As a result, the features of wide bandwidth and low insertion loss (IL) can be achieved when compared with the state‐of‐art substrate‐integrated waveguide balanced filters. Furthermore, the etched slots can be slightly tuned to make up for the performance deviations caused by the manufacturing error. A prototype is designed with a total size of 1.2λ0 × 0.14λ0 (λ0 is the wavelength in free space at f0), the 3 dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 28% at the centre frequency of 6 GHz, the minimum IL of 0.86 dB, and the bandwidth of 20 dB CM suppression of 0.25f0.
Architecture design for performing grasp‐and‐lift tasks in brain–machine‐interface‐based human‐in‐the‐loop robotic system
Authors: Chang Yuchou
Published: May 2019

Human‐in‐the‐loop robotic system is an emerging technique in recent years. Human intelligence as well as machine intelligence are incorporated to accomplish tasks efficiently and effectively. However, grasp‐and‐lift (GAL) tasks through human–robot interactions are still a problem in an unstructured environment like urban search and rescue. Human assistive GAL tasks enable robots to complete search or rescue procedures quickly and accurately. Brain–machine interface (BMI) controlled robots have demonstrated promising applications in human–robot collaborative manipulations. In this study, an architecture of human–robot team is proposed for performing GAL tasks in BMI‐based human–robot systems. The proposed architecture contains several workflows from both human and robot aspects to improve performance. In addition, human brain activities are generally considered as non‐stationary signals with varying spatial and temporal distributions. To enhance robustness and stability of brain‐controlled robot's GAL tasks, a new method via adaptive boosting mechanism is proposed. The proposed multiple subjects' adaptive boosting is able to suppress noisy data and outliers in multiple subjects’ electroencephalogram signals, and therefore enhance accuracy and robustness of intention and sensation signal classification in GAL tasks. Preliminary results show that the new architecture is feasible with ethical establishment and the proposed method can outperform traditional methods.
Hyperbolic SVD‐based Kalman filtering for Chandrasekhar recursion
Authors: Kulikova Maria V.
Published: May 2019

The problem of numerical instability of the classical Kalman filter (KF) still remains one of the most important topics in engineering literature. For improving its robustness with respect to roundoff errors, the singular value decomposition (SVD) methodology has been proposed for implementing the underlying classical KF Riccati recursion. In this study, SVD‐based filtering is derived for an alternative KF mechanisation that is based on the so‐called Chandrasekhar recursion and yields a family of fast KF implementations. The new methodology involves hyperbolic SVD (HSVD) factorisation rather than usual SVD utilised in the Riccati‐based filtering. The results of numerical study indicate that the HSVD‐based filtering strategy outperforms the conventional Chandrasekhar‐based KF while solving ill‐conditioned state estimation problem. Together with the existed Cholesky‐based algorithms, they are the preferred implementations when solving applications with high reliability requirements within the class of fast Chandrasekhar‐based KF implementations.
Input‐delay compensation in a robust adaptive control framework
Authors: Nguyen Kim‐Doang , Dankowicz Harry
Published: May 2019

A modification to the control framework for uncertain systems with actuator delays is presented. Specifically, a time delay is introduced in the control input of the state predictor to compensate for the destabilising effect of an input delay in the plant. For this modified framework, the analysis shows that the output of the adaptive system closely follows the behaviour of a suitably defined, non‐adaptive, stable reference system provided that a delay‐dependent stability condition is satisfied and the adaptive gain is chosen sufficiently large. The set of combinations of input delay and compensation delay for which the stability condition is satisfied contains an open set of pairs of positive values provided that a filter bandwidth is chosen sufficiently large. The efficacy of the delay compensation is illustrated by a simple example. A numerical continuation is also performed to explore the stability region for a case where this can be approximated a priori.
Multiphysics analysis of printed circuit board winding for high‐speed axial flux permanent magnet motor
Authors: Salim Neethu , Nikam Saurabh Prakash , Pal Saumitra , Wankhede Ashok Krishnrao , Fernandes Baylon Godfrey
Published: May 2019

Gearless and compact motors rotating at speeds above 10,000 rpm are finding many applications nowadays. This study presents the multiphysics modelling and analysis of a multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) stator for high‐speed, low‐power axial flux permanent magnet motor. The possibility of circulating current in the multilayer PCB is studied. The two major effects of eddy currents at high frequencies: skin effect and proximity effect are investigated for the PCB winding. The losses in the PCB stator are estimated, and thermal analysis is performed to ensure reliable operation of the motor. MagNet 3‐D and COMSOL Multiphysics are used, respectively for the finite element analysis and optimisation of the motor; and the simulation results are presented. A prototype of the motor is fabricated and tested to validate the simulation results.
SAR image change detection based on deep denoising and CNN
Authors: Cao Xianghai , Ji Yamei , Wang Lin , Ji Beibei , Jiao Licheng , Han Jungong
Published: May 2019

The intrinsic noise of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images has a big influence to the image processing performance, especially in change detection (CD). Image denoising is an important branch of image restoration which aims at enhancing the quality of images. The detection accuracy of CD depends greatly on the quality of red difference image (DI), therefore image denoising can be regarded as a vital step in SAR CD. However, few researches focused on this problem. In this study, an end‐to‐end deep denoising model is first designed to remove the noise of SAR images. With the help of abundant simulated SAR images, deep denoising model is trained effectively to estimate the noise component. Then clean image can be achieved by removing this noise component from the original SAR image. After denoising, the new image pair will generate a clean DI. At last, DI is classified into changed and unchanged areas by a three‐layer Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Three real SAR image pairs demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Multi‐Frame motion deblurring of video using the natural oscillatory motion of dexterous legged robots
Authors: Gultekin Gokhan Koray , Saranli Afsar
Published: May 2019

Motion blur is a common problem for machine vision applications in legged mobile robotic platforms. Due to the oscillatory walking nature of these platforms, the cameras on them experience disturbances so that most of the captured frames are motion blurred. Motion blur results in loss of information in individual image frames and therefore makes single‐frame deblurring an ill‐posed problem. The variation in the magnitude of motion blur in consecutive video frames can be exploited to better restore these frames by combining the information available in them. The authors focus on the multi‐frame image deblurring problem and propose a promising method to achieve this information fusion especially when the video is corrupted by non‐linear blur, such as the case in legged mobile robots. The authors present the theory and results obtained on a realistic motion‐blur dataset collected on a representative robotic platform. These results are also compared with a leading single‐frame deblurring method and show improvement in particular for video corrupted by linear and non‐linear motion blur.
Generalised Chebyshev function bandpass filters in box‐like topologies based on the properties of dual‐mode loop microstrip resonator
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhou Dong‐Fang , Zhang De‐Wei
Published: May 2019

A new class of compact microstrip bandpass filters in doublet topology based on a dual‐mode loop microstrip resonator with controllable locations of input/output feeding lines is presented and researched. Filters with up to five poles are proposed and researched. Diagonal cross‐coupling path in box‐like topology can be introduced to produce a finite transmission zero (TZ) with controllable position. Some design examples are provided to illustrate the performances of the proposed two‐, three‐, four‐ and five‐pole filters with controllable TZs. A three‐pole and a five‐pole filters were fabricated and measured. Good agreement is achieved between the simulated and the measured results.
Design and analysis of multi‐band polarisation selective metasurface
Authors: Wang Hui , Qu Shaobo , Yan Mingbao , Wang Jiafu , Zheng Lin
Published: May 2019

In this article, based on the idea of the metamaterial designing, the authors present a design and analysis of a polarisation selective metasurface (PSM), providing a multi‐band response. The proposed PSM is composed three metallic layers. The middle‐ and lower‐level layers are formed of combinations of short and long metal wire with periodic arrangement and structural dimensions, while the upper layer is consisting of gridded square loops arrays. Among the three polarisation selective operating bands generated by PSM, the 3‐db transmission is used as the threshold of the operating band. TE polarised wave passband bandwidth is 1.5 and 1.83 GHz, respectively, while TM polarised wave passband bandwidth is 1.13 GHz. In each passband, the insertion loss is <0.5 dB. Through simulation and measurement, the authors can find that the PSM structure designed in this article has excellent reconfigurable characteristics in the range of 0° to 60° and is insensitive to incident angle. The excellent polarisation selection characteristics can not only be applied to satellite communication systems as polarisation wave generators or polarisation separation devices but also have important significance in improving the anti‐interference performance and detection capability of satellite antennas.
LVRT improvement and transient stability enhancement of power systems based on renewable energy resources using the coordination of SSSC and PSSs controllers
Authors: Movahedi Amir , Halvaei Niasar Abolfazl , Gharehpetian Gevork B.
Published: May 2019

This study presents the transient stability and low voltage ride through (LVRT) improvement of IEEE 68‐bus system connected with wind farms and photovoltaic (PV) plant through coordination of static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) and power system stabilisers (PSSs) controllers. It is generally accepted that there is a threat to the stability of power systems with the penetration of wind farm and PV plant. Therefore, in order to improve transient stability and LVRT in the power system, this study proposes the application of proportional and integral controllers in PV and wind farm controllers and a combination of PSS and SSSC controllers. Also, adaptive velocity update relaxation particle swarm optimisation algorithm and genetic algorithm have been applied and compared for controllers design.
High step‐up interleaved boost converter utilising stacked half‐bridge rectifier configuration
Authors: Muhammad Musbahu , Lambert S. , Armstrong M. , Pickert V.
Published: May 2019

This paper proposes a solution to complement the insufficient voltage gain and voltage stress distribution of classical interleaved boost converter in high step‐up application. An interleaved converter integrating coupled inductor and voltage multiplier cell, which provides an additional voltage gain is proposed. By stacking the secondary side of the interleaved coupled inductor to its primary side, a high step‐up voltage gain and distributed voltage stress are realised. Low‐voltage rated devices ultimately reduce the conduction losses. The principle of operation and the performance characteristic of the converter are presented and verified by an experimental prototype of 140 W, 12 V input, and 120 V output.
Modular and scalable control and data acquisition system for power hardware in the loop (PHIL) amplifiers
Authors: Broadmeadow Mark A. H. , Walker Geoffrey R. , Ledwich Gerard F.
Published: May 2019

This study presents a newly developed modular system for control of power electronic amplifiers in high‐power, high‐frequency power hardware in the loop experiments. The proposed design comprises computational nodes connected via multi‐gigabit fibre‐optic links. Nodes are modular and reconfigurable, allowing interfacing with a range of sensors and actuators, typically voltage and current sensors, and switching converters. The system has been designed for scalability to permit arbitrarily high power ratings and fidelity to be achieved through paralleling and interleaving of multiple power converter modules, targeting an ultimate sample and control rate of 1 MHz. Experimental validation is presented using a two‐node configuration to facilitate a power electronic experiment operating at 120 Vrms and 10 Arms, with a fundamental frequency of 50 Hz and frequency content up to the 11th harmonic.
Wind energy conversion system based on open‐end winding three‐phase PMSG coupled with ac−dc buck‐boost converter
Authors: Abdelsalam Ibrahim , Alajmi Bader N. , Marei Mostafa I. , Alhajri Mohamed F.
Published: May 2019

This study proposes a new back‐to‐back (BTB) current source converter (CSC) configuration and presents its application for variable speed wind energy conversion system. The proposed configuration consists of three cascaded ac−dc non‐inverting buck‐boost converter. The ac side of each converter is connected to an open‐end winding of the three‐phase permanent magnet synchronous generator and the dc sides are connected in parallel to a current source inverter (CSI) without the need for a dc‐side capacitor. Ac−dc converters operate under discontinuous conduction mode, and they draw sinusoidal input currents at the unity power factor from fixed or variable magnitude and frequency supply. In addition, the proposed BTB CSC addresses one of the main drawbacks of the conventional CSI which is the over‐voltage experienced by switches during commutation. Moreover, the switching losses of the proposed CSI are eliminated. The ElectroMagnetic Transients including DC (EMTDC)/Power System Computer Aided Design (PSCAD) software is used to assess the feasibility of the proposed topology during normal operating conditions and during low voltage ride through.
Comparative analysis of salient pole and flux barrier rotor for synchronous reluctance machines including flux weakening range
Authors: Hofer Matthias , Nikowitz Mario , Schrödl Manfred
Published: May 2019

Here, synchronous reluctance machine types related to electrical traction applications are investigated including flux weakening range. A flux barrier (FB) machine with a carbon fibre‐reinforced plastic bandage and a salient pole machine are designed by finite element analysis and built up as prototype. Both rotors are implemented in a stator of an existing induction machine. A comparative analysis is presented using finite element simulation as well as experimental results. Measurements in the base speed range confirm the machine designs. An analysis of the flux weakening operation at high speeds show the possible limitations by increasing harmonics with the given single‐layer winging. The implementation of a short pitched winding is an approach to improve harmonic behaviour of the salient pole (SP) machine at high rotational speeds.
A minimisation problem in L∞with PDE and unilateral constraints
Authors: Katzourakis Nikos
Published: May 2019

We study the minimisation of a cost functional which measures the misfit on the boundary of a domain between a component of the solution to a certain parametric elliptic PDE system and a prediction of the values of this solution. We pose this problem as a PDE-constrained minimisation problem for a supremal cost functional in L∞, where except for the PDE constraint there is also a unilateral constraint on the parameter. We utilise approximation by PDE-constrained minimisation problems in Lpasp→∞and the generalised Kuhn-Tucker theory to derive the relevant variational inequalities in Lpand L∞. These results are motivated by the mathematical modelling of the novel bio-medical imaging method of Fluorescent Optical Tomography.
Oral nodular fasciitis – A case report with a diagnostic schema
Authors: Rathna Deepika , Mathew Mary , Kudva Adarsh , Solomon Monica Charlotte
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The spectrum of myofibroblastic lesions of the oral cavity ranges from reactive to benign to malignant lesions with overlapping histopathologic and immunohistologic characteristics posing a diagnostic dilemma. Observation: A 30-year-old male presented with a spontaneous swelling over the right lower buccal gingiva giving a clinical suspicion of a benign mesenchymal tumor. The lesion presented with a varied biphasic microscopic appearance that posed as a challenge for diagnosis. Commentaries: The incisional biopsy of the lesion showed a highly collagenous stroma with spindle-shaped cells, while the excision biopsy revealed myxoid and hyalinized stroma. A panel of markers comprising of SMA (smooth muscle actin). CD-34, β-Catenin, and Alcian blue stain was employed to arrive at a diagnosis. Conclusion: Most myofibroblastic lesions present with diverse histological appearance which warrants a thorough assessment of the cellular and stromal components for an accurate diagnosis.
Fiber optic monitoring of active faults at the seafloor: I the FOCUS project
Authors: Gutscher Marc-André , Royer Jean-Yves , Graindorge David , Murphy Shane , Klingelhoefer Frauke , Aiken Chastity , Cattaneo Antonio , Barreca Giovanni , Quetel Lionel , Riccobene Giorgio , Petersen Florian , Urlaub Morelia , Krastel Sebastian , Gross Felix , Kopp Heidrun , Margheriti Lucia , Beranzoli Laura
Published: May 2019

Laser reflectometry (BOTDR), commonly used for structural health monitoring (bridges, dams, etc.), will for the first time be applied to study movements of an active fault on the seafloor 25 km offshore Catania Sicily. The goal of the European funded FOCUS project (ERC Advanced Grant) is to connect a 6-km long strain cable to the EMSO seafloor observatory in 2100 m water depth. Laser observations will be calibrated by seafloor geodetic instruments and seismological stations. A long-term goal is the development of dual-use telecom cables with industry partners.
Back to basics: Time-tagging single photons
Authors: Alibart Olivier , D’Auria Virginia , Sauder Grégory , Labonte Laurent , Tanzilli Sébastien
Published: May 2019

The analysis of time correlations between photons is the essence of quantum information processing protocols (communication, metrology and computing) presented in this special issue. These correlation measures are derived from fundamental quantum optical techniques formalised by R. Glauber in 1963 [Phys. Rev. 130, 2529] which enable the properties of electromagnetic fields to be measured, i.e. their fluctuations and signatures to be detected in a noisy signal. More generally, those fluctuations are the result of high order interferences and are, in certain cases, directly linked to the "traditional" coherence of the optical fields.
Retreatment of Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Patients with Direct-Acting Antiviral Failures
Authors: Pawlotsky Jean-Michel
Published: May 2019

The treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has considerably evolved with the development of safe and well-tolerated combinations of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs yielding high rates of infection cure. However, some patients fail to achieve a sustained virological response while receiving the most recent DAA combinations. Several waves of treatment failures have occurred concomitantly to the use of different drug combinations. The outcome of their retreatment strongly depends on the DAA(s) received and the retreatment regimen(s) available. This article discusses virological failure rates with the successive waves of HCV combination regimens, the reasons for failure, the role of HCV resistance, and current retreatment options. The triple combination of sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir for 12 weeks is the first-line retreatment strategy in patients previously exposed to DAAs. Difficult-to-retreat patients may benefit from the combination of sofosbuvir plus glecaprevir/pibrentasvir and/or the addition of ribavirin and/or longer retreatment duration.
Pediatrician Attitudes toward Digital Voice Assistant Technology Use in Clinical Practice
Authors: Wilder Jayme , Nadar Devin , Gujral Nitin , Ortiz Benjamin , Stevens Robert , Holder-Niles Faye , Lee John , Gaffin Jonathan
Published: May 2019

Objective Digital voice assistant technology provides unique opportunities to enhance clinical practice. We aimed to understand factors influencing pediatric providers' current and potential use of this technology in clinical practice.

Methods We surveyed pediatric providers regarding current use and interest in voice technology in the workplace. Regression analyses evaluated provider characteristics associated with voice technology use. Among respondents not interested in voice technology, we elicited individual concerns.

Results Among 114 respondents, 19 (16.7%) indicated current use of voice technology in clinical practice, and 51 (44.7%) indicated use of voice technology for nonclinical purposes. Fifty-four (47.4%) reported willingness to try digital voice assistant technology in the clinical setting. Providers who had longer clinic visits (odds ratio [OR], 3.11, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04, 9.33, p = 0.04), fewer patient encounters per day (p = 0.02), and worked in hospital-based practices (OR, 2.95, 95% CI, 1.08, 8.07, p = 0.03) were more likely to currently use voice technology in the office. Younger providers (p = 0.02) and those confident in the accuracy of voice technology (OR, 3.05, 95% CI, 1.38, 6.74, p = 0.005) were more willing to trial digital voice assistants in the clinical setting. Among respondents unwilling or unsure about trying voice assistant technology, the most common reasons elicited were concerns related to its accuracy (35%), efficiency (33%), and privacy (28%).

Conclusion This national survey evaluating use and attitudes toward digital voice assistant technology by pediatric providers found that while only one-eighth of pediatric providers currently use digital voice assistant technology in the clinical setting, almost half are interested in trying it in the future. Younger provider age and confidence in the accuracy of voice technology are associated with provider interest in using voice technology in the clinical setting. Future development of voice technology for clinical use will need to consider accuracy of information, efficiency of use, and patient privacy for successful integration into the workplace.
Cervical Pessary versus Expectant Management for the Prevention of Delivery Prior to 36 Weeks in Women with Placenta Previa: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Stafford Irene , Garite Thomas , Maurel Kimberly , Combs C. , Heyborne Kent , Porreco Richard , Nageotte Michael , Baker Susan , Gopalani Sameer , Dola Chi , How Helen , Das Anita ,   the Obstetrix Collaborative Research Network
Published: May 2019

Objective This multicenter randomized controlled trial compared cervical pessary (CP) versus expectant management (EM) in women with placenta previa between 22.0 and 32.0 in prolonging gestation until ≥ 36.0 weeks' gestation.

Study Design This study took place from November 2016 to June 2018. Women were randomized to receive either the Bioteque CP or EM. The pessary was removed at ≥ 36.0 weeks unless indicated. The primary outcome was gestational age (GA) at delivery, with secondary outcomes including need for transfusion, number and duration of antepartum admissions, type of delivery, and neonatal outcomes. A total of 140 patients were needed to show a 3-week prolongation of pregnancy in the pessary group; however, the trial was stopped early due to budgetary issues.

Results Of the 33 eligible women, 17 were enrolled. Although not statistically significant, the mean GA at delivery in the CP group was greater than women in the EM group (36.5 ± 1.23 vs. 36.0 ± 2.0; p = 0.1673). The number and duration of antepartum admissions was greater in the EM group (2.7 ± 0.58 vs. 16.0 ± 22.76 days; p = 0.1264) as well.

Conclusion Although the study was underpowered to determine the primary outcome, safety and feasibility of CP in pregnancies complicated with previa were demonstrated.
Molecular Diagnosis of Inherited Coagulation and Bleeding Disorders
Authors: Bastida José María , Benito Rocío , Lozano María Luisa , Marín-Quilez Ana , Janusz Kamila , Martín-Izquierdo Marta , Hernández-Sánchez Jesús , Palma-Barqueros Veronica , Hernández-Rivas Jesús María , Rivera José , González-Porras José Ramón
Published: May 2019

Diagnosis of inherited bleeding disorders (IBDs) remains challenging, especially in the case of inherited platelet disorders, due to the heterogeneity of the clinical and laboratory phenotype, the limited specificity of platelet function tests, and the large number of potential culprit genes. Unraveling the underlying molecular defect provides the definitive diagnosis of IBDs, facilitating prognosis and clinical care, which are especially important for severe clinical syndromes and those that may be associated with an increased risk of malignancy. Until recently, Sanger sequencing of candidate genes has been the only method of molecular diagnosis, but this approach is time-consuming and costly and requires phenotype-based identification of any obvious candidate gene(s). Nowadays, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) allows the simultaneous and rapid investigation of multiple genes at a manageable cost. This HTS technology that includes targeted sequencing of prespecified genes, whole-exome sequencing, or whole-genome sequencing, is revolutionizing the genetic diagnosis of human diseases. Through its extensive implementation in research and clinical practice, HTS is rapidly improving the molecular characterization of IBDs. However, despite the availability of this powerful approach, many patients still do not receive a diagnosis. As IBDs are complex and rare diseases, development of more advanced laboratory assays, improvements in bioinformatic pipelines, and the formation of multidisciplinary teams are encouraged to advance our understanding of IBDs.
Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Cancer
Authors: Weitz Ilene Ceil
Published: May 2019

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a rare but often devastating complication of cancer and cancer treatment. The syndrome is defined by thrombocytopenia (i.e., a platelet count of < 150,000/mcL or > 30% decrease from baseline), microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and some evidence of organ damage. Among the nine recognized groups of disorders causing TMA, the focus of this article will be on cancer and cancer treatment-related causes of TMA. This review will discuss the pathophysiology of TMA in cancer, chemotherapy-associated TMA, transplant-associated TMA, and newer therapeutic modalities.