bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Particle Size, Shape, and Load in a Cold and a Temperate Valley Glacier
Authors: Lister H.
Published: January 2011

A comparison is made of silt-particle size and shape, and of boulders, from supraglacial, englacial, and subglacial locations of Roslin Gletscher in east Greenland, Findelengletscher* in Switzerland, and fragments of laboratory ground sandstone. Particle roundness increases as size decreases in each zone of both glaciers. Roundness increases similarly for silt and for boulders from the supraglacial to the subglacial zone. Elongation expressed as width-to-length ratio has a mean value of 0.67 ± 0.17 which persists through a wide range of silt and boulder sizes. Crushing into smaller pieces, rather than the removal of asperities, is postulated as the dominant process of glacial erosion. Sediment loads are given for the glacial streams.
Processes and Models of Antarctic Glaciomarine Sedimentation
Authors: Drewry D. J. , Cooper A. P. R.
Published: January 2011

Glaciomarine sediments (GMS) comprise detrital, biogenic, and authigenic materials of two principal facies: laminated deposits and massive aqueous till. The processes governing sedimentation of the ice-rafted debris (IRD) component of GMS are investigated in the marine zone around Antarctica. Four controlling factors are identified: nature and disposition of sediments at the grounding line, transition from grounded to floating ice (ice shelves, outlet glaciers, and ice cliffs), processes of under-side melting and freezing of these ice masses, and, finally, mechanisms of iceberg calving, fragmentation, and melt-release of debris in the open ocean. Modelling studies of Brunt and Ross ice shelves suggest two main conclusions. (1) Ice shelves are of major importance for sedimentation on the continental shelf. Bulk •debris release occurs within the grounding-line zone which may frequently oscillate, producing pronounced diachronism. Bottom melting removes all debris prior to calving at the ice front so that ice shelves do not play a part in deposition in the open ocean. (2) Outlet glaciers, in contrast, have high sediment content, calve rapidly, and produce debris-rich icebergs which contribute the major portion of IRD in the ocean.
Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis
Authors: Gayathri Balasubramaniam , Keerthivasan Sivanmani
Published: January 2011

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare idiopathic disease characterized by microliths in the lungs which is usually asymptomatic and often diagnosed incidentally. Here we discuss a case of a young woman while evaluating for surgery presented with an abnormal chest X ray of bilateral diffuse nodular opacities. Patient was completely asymptomatic. High resolution CT scan revealed crazy paving pattern, black pleura sign, and pleural calcification typical findings of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. CT guided lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Keyword: Black pleura sign; calcium deposition; crazy paving pattern; pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis DOI: 10.3329/jom.v12i1.6111J Medicine 2011; 12 : 55-57
Kasabach Merrit Syndrome in a Third Trimester Pregnancy
Authors: Shukla Samarth , Acharya Neema , Acharya Sourya , Rajput Devendra , Vagha Sunita
Published: January 2011

The case report deals with a third trimester pregnant female who presented with a mass in the dorsal paraspinal region (D7) resulting in rapid onset paraparesis gradually increasing in severity. The mass was of vascular nature (Haemangioma) on MRI, which on histopathology was confirmed as infiltrating ingiolipoma. Complications in haemangiomas occur and one such being the “Kasabach Merritt syndrome” consisting a triad of thrombocytopenia, haemangioma and coagulopathy, also dubbed as the “Haemangioma Thrombocytopenia Syndrome”. But its presentation in third trimester is definitely an unusual presentation considering the fact that such thrombocytopenic syndromes usually occur with congenital haemangiomas and with other benign vascular lesions in infants. The present case deals with the mass in dorsal spinal area resulting in compressive myelopathy as well as thrombocytopenic coagulopathy. Keyword: Paraspinal; Paraparesis; Haemangioma; MRI; Angiolipoma; Thrombocytopenia; Coagulopathy; Myelopathy; Kasabach Merritt Syndrome DOI: 10.3329/jom.v12i1.6207J Medicine 2011; 12 : 66-69
Microneurosurgical Management of Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) from Mesial Temporal Sclerosis (MTS) by Amygdalohippocampectomy plus Standard Anterior Temporal Lobectomy: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Chowdhury Forhad Hossain , Haque Md Raziul , Islam Md Shafiqul , Sarker Asit Chandra , Islam AFM Mofakkharul
Published: January 2011

Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy may be due to Mesial Temporal Sclerosis (MTS), tumors [i.e. low grade glioma, Arterio-venous Malformation (AVM) etc], trauma, infection (Tuberculosis) etc. Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) from Mesial Temporal Sclerosis (MTS) is usually resistant to antiepileptic drugs and surgery is the treatment of choice like other form of TLE . MTS is the most common cause of intractable epilepsy in adult. Here we report three cases of surgically treated TLE that were due to MTS in the department of neurosurgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital and a private Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from August 2009 to February 2010. In all cases the only presenting symptoms was complex partial seizure (Psychomotor epilepsy) for which all underwent scalp EEG (Electro Encephalogram) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) of Brain. All patients were managed by amygdalohippocampectomy plus standard anterior lobectomy. All patients are seizure and disease free till last follow up. Keyword: Intractable temporal lobe epilepsy; Mesial temporal sclerosis; Microneurosurgical management; Amygdalohippocampectomy. DOI: 10.3329/jom.v12i1.6934J Medicine 2011; 12 : 61-65
Notes de littérature et de géographie ecclésiastiques
Authors: Darrouzès Jean
Published: January 2011

REB 50 1992 France p. 87-112

J. Dabrouzès, Notes de littérature et de géographie ecclésiastiques. — L'article contient trente-six notices concernant autant d'églises ou de monastères de Bithynie et de Paphlagonie. Elles sont regroupées sous les trois éparchies de l'Asie Mineure septentrionale : Honoriade, Paphlagonie, Hélénopont.
Note sur la localisation de Nikertai
Authors: Fourdrin Jean-Pascal
Published: January 2011

REB 51 1993 France p. 177-183

J.-P. Fourdrin, Note sur la localisation de Nikerlai. — L'emplacement du gros bourg paléochrétien de Nikertai en Apamène, où deux monastères importants furent créés à la fin du 4e siècle (Histoire Philolhée de Théodoret de Cyr), est fixé par la tombe du calife omeyyade 'Umar, enterré en 720 en cet endroit selon des sources syriaques et arabes, dont la plus ancienne est postérieure d'un siècle à l'événement. La tombe califale est toujours honorée dans une construction du village actuel de Deir al-Sarqi, près de Ma'arret en-Nom'an.
Théodore Lecteur et sa « réunion de différentes Histoires » de l'Église
Authors: Nautin Pierre
Published: January 2011

REB 52 1994 France p. 213-243

P. Nautin, Théodore Lecteur et sa «réunion de différentes Histoires» de l'Église. — Théodore Lecteur est connu comme l'auteur d'une compilation des Histoires ecclésiastiques de Théodoret, Socrate et Sozomène et d'une continuation de leur récit jusqu'en 518. La présente étude montre que ces deux ouvrages n'étaient en réalité que les deux dernières sections d'une Histoire générale de l'Église partant de la naissance de Jésus et reproduisant d'abord l'Histoire ecclésiastique d'Eusèbe et Gélase de Césarée. Elle reconstitue la structure de l'œuvre entière et les circonstances de sa composition. Elle donne en outre une édition critique et un commentaire du prologue de Théodore.
Sinopsis of the genus Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae) in Mexico and Central America
Authors: Francisco Morales J.
Published: January 2011

A synopsis of Weinmannia of Mexico and Central America is presented. Ten species are recognized (W. anisophylla, W. balbisiana, W. burserifolia, W. fagaroides, W. intermedia, W. kars - teniana, W. pinnata, W. vulcanicola, W. wercklei), including the description of a new species (W. horrida J.F. Morales). A key to the species, as well as descriptions, illustrations, distribution, phenological data, and specimens examined are given for each.
Changements d’occupation du sol et leurs impacts climatiques au Mato Grosso, Brésil
Authors: Dubreuil Vincent , Delahaye Camille , Le Strat Adeline
Published: January 2011

Les changements d’occupation du sol (déforestation, urbanisation) en Amazonie brésilienne ont des conséquences sensibles sur les températures à l’échelle locale. Cet article présente une comparaison sur les températures du mois de juillet 2007 entre la zone urbanisée, la zone défrichée au profit de pâturages et celle couverte par la forêt dans la région d’Alta Floresta (Mato Grosso). Ces variations sont marquées en journée mais surtout en début et fin de journée (avec les écarts importants entre les températures de 2°C à 4,3°C entre le secteur forestier et le centre-ville). Le secteur défriché apparaît toujours globalement plus chaud que la région forestière. Une seconde partie de l’article concerne l’étude de l’îlot de chaleur urbain pour 3 villes du Mato Grosso : Rondonopolis, Sorriso et Sinop. Les observations réalisées par la méthode des transects mobiles en juillet 2009 montrent que les températures sont plus élevées dans les secteurs urbanisés denses, même si des différences existent au sein même des villes. L’effet d’îlot de chaleur urbain est particulièrement bien marqué surtout pendant la nuit et la saison sèche mais, localement, le rôle de la topographie et des parcs est bien sensible également (îlots de fraîcheur).
Influence of Selected Experiences on Perceived Levels of Competence of Secondary Vocational Agriculture Teachers
Authors: Findlay Henry James , Drake James Bob
Published: January 2011

Metacognition has been shown to be important in the learning process of students. However, teacher awareness and understanding of metacognition seems to be limited. In this study, we use an interpretivist approach to explore how secondary teachers facilitated learning and perceived metacognition after participating in professional development on metacognitive strategies. First, we present themes that emerged from the in-depth interviews for how participants progressed in their operationalization of metacognition. We then present rich descriptions on a per-participant basis of how teacher-participants’ views of metacognition changed over time. Next, we present conclusions, including teacher-participant troubles with operationalizing metacognition. Finally, we propose a revised Model of Teacher Change accounting for teacher-participant experiences undergoing professional development on a complex topic (i.e., metacognition).
Morale Levels Of First-Year Agricultural Education Teachers In Ohio
Authors: Henderson Janet L. , Nieto Ruben D.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Job Satisfaction Of Agricultural Education Faculty: A Constant Phenomena
Authors: Bowen Blannie E. , Radhakrishna Rama B.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Professional Education And Differences Between Graduate Career Choice
Authors: Baker Matt , Hodges Lowell
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Administrator And Vocational Educator Perceptions Of Summer Agricultural Program Activities
Authors: Swan Michael K. , Cole Richard L.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Temperament Type And Job Satisfaction Among Selected West Virginia Agricultural Education Teachers
Authors: Watson Larry W. , Hillison John
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Perceptions Regarding Supervised Experience Programs: Past And Future Directions
Authors: Barrick R. Kirby , Hughes Matthew , Baker Matt
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Solid state and sub-cooled liquid vapour pressures of cyclic aliphatic dicarboxylic acids
Authors: Booth A. M. , Montague W. J. , Barley M. H. , Topping D. O. , McFiggans G. , Garforth A. , Percival C. J.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry (KEMS) has been used to measure for the first time the solid state vapour pressures of a series of aliphatic cyclic dicarboxylic acids with increasing ring size. Additionally the atmospherically important compounds; cis-pinonic acid and levoglucosan were also measured. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure melting points, enthalpies and entropies of fusion, which were used to determine sub-cooled liquid vapour pressures for the compounds. The sub-cooled liquid vapour pressure of straight chain, branched and cyclic dicarboxylic acids was compared to a selection of estimation methods.
Impacts of future climate change and effects of biogenic emissions on surface ozone and particulate matter concentrations in US
Authors: Lam Y. F. , Fu J. S. , Wu S. , Mickley L. J.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Simulations of present and future average regional ozone and PM2.5 concentrations over the United States were performed to investigate the potential impacts of global climate change and emissions on regional air quality using CMAQ. Various emissions and climate conditions with different biogenic emissions and domain resolutions were implemented to study the sensitivity of future air quality trends from the impacts of changing biogenic emissions. A comparison of GEOS-Chem and CMAQ was performed to investigate the effect of downscaling on the prediction of future air quality trends. For ozone, the impacts of global climate change are relatively smaller when compared to the impacts of anticipated future emissions reduction, except for the Northeast area, where increasing biogenic emissions due to climate change have stronger positive effects (increases) to the regional ozone air quality. The combination effect from both climate change and emission reductions leads to approximately a 10% or 5 ppbv decrease of the maximum daily average eight-hour ozone (MDA8) over the Eastern United States. For PM2.5, the impacts of global climate change have shown insignificant effect, where as the impacts of anticipated future emissions reduction account for the majority of overall PM2.5 reductions. The annual average 24-h PM2.5 of the future-year condition was found to be about 40% lower than the one from the present-year condition, of which 60% of its overall reductions are contributed to by the decrease of SO4 and NO3 particulate matters. Changing the biogenic emissions model increases the MDA8 ozone by about 5–10% or 3–5 ppbv in the Northeast area. Conversely, it reduces the annual average PM2.5 by 5% or 1.0 μg/m3 in the Southeast region.
Worldwide trend of atmospheric mercury since 1995
Authors: Slemr F. , Brunke E.-G. , Ebinghaus R. , Kuss J.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Concern about the adverse effects of mercury on human health and ecosystems has led to tightening emission controls since the mid 1980s. But the resulting mercury emissions reductions in many parts of the world are believed to be offset or even surpassed by the increasing emissions in rapidly industrializing countries. Consequently, concentrations of atmospheric mercury are expected to remain roughly constant. Here we show that the worldwide atmospheric mercury concentration have decreased by about 20 to 38% since 1996 as indicated by long term monitoring at stations in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres combined with intermittent measurements of latitudinal distribution over the Atlantic Ocean. The total reduction of the atmospheric mercury burden of this magnitude within 14 yrs is unprecedented among most of atmospheric trace gases and is at odds with the current mercury emission inventories with nearly constant emissions over the period. It suggests a major shift in the biogeochemical cycle of mercury including oceans and soil reservoirs. Decreasing reemissions from the legacy of historical mercury emissions are the most likely explanation for this decline since the hypothesis of an accelerated oxidation rate of elemental mercury in the atmosphere is not supported by the observed trends of other trace gases. Consequently, models of the atmospheric mercury cycle have to include soil and ocean mercury pools and their dynamics to be able to make projections of future trends.
The definition of an atmospheric database for Aeolus
Authors: Marseille G. J. , Houchi K. , de Kloe J. , Stoffelen A.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. The definition of an atmospheric database is an important component of simulation studies in preparation of future earth observing remote sensing satellites. The Aeolus mission, formerly denoted Atmospheric Dynamics Mission (ADM) or ADM-Aeolus, is scheduled for launch end of 2013 and aims at measuring profiles of single horizontal line-of-sight (HLOS) wind components from the surface up to about 32 km with a global coverage. The vertical profile resolution is limited but may be changed during in-orbit operation. This provides the opportunity of a targeted sampling strategy, e.g., as a function of geographic region. Optimization of the vertical (and horizontal) sampling strategy requires a characterization of the atmosphere optical and dynamical properties, more in particular the distribution of atmospheric particles and their correlation with the atmospheric dynamics. The Aeolus atmospheric database combines meteorological data from the ECMWF model with atmosphere optical properties data from CALIPSO. An inverse algorithm to retrieve high-resolution particle backscatter from the CALIPSO level-1 attenuated backscatter product is presented. Global weather models tend to underestimate atmospheric wind variability. A procedure is described to ensure compatibility of the characteristics of the database winds with those from high-resolution radiosondes. The result is a high-resolution database of zonal, meridional and vertical wind, temperature, specific humidity and particle and molecular backscatter and extinction at 355 nm laser wavelength. This allows the simulation of small-scale atmospheric processes within the Aeolus observation sampling volume and their impact on the quality of the retrieved HLOS wind profiles. The database extends over four months covering all seasons. This allows a statistical evaluation of the mission components under investigation. The database is currently used for the development of the Aeolus wind processing, the definition of wind calibration strategies and the optimization of the Aeolus sampling strategy.
Thermal infrared remote sensing of mineral dust over land and ocean: a spectral SVD based retrieval approach for IASI
Authors: Klüser L. , Martynenko D. , Holzer-Popp T.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. From the high spectral resolution thermal infrared observations of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) mineral dust AOD (transferred from thermal infrared to 0.5 μm) is retrieved using a Singular Vector Decomposition of brightness temperature spectra. As infrared retrieval based on 8–12 μm observations, dust observation with IASI is independent from solar illumination. Through the linear combinations of suitable independent singular vectors weighted by their contribution to the observed signal, and a projection of different a-priori dust spectra on the resulting signal the dust can be well distinguished from the influence of surface emissivity and gas absorption. In contrast to lookup-table based single-channel retrievals this method takes advantage of the spectral shape of dust extinction and surface and atmosphere influence over the total 8–12 μm window band. Using different a-priori spectra for dust extinction allows also for an estimation of dust particle size in terms of effective radius based on the respective dust model size distributions. These dust models are also used for the transfer of infrared AOD to 0.5 μm. Four months of IASI observations covering Northern Africa and Arabia are used for evaluation. Two large scale dust events, one covering the Arabian Peninsula and adjacent parts of the Indian Ocean, the other over the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of West-Africa, are analysed and compared with other satellite images. They also show the good suitability of IASI data for dust observation at day and night. Monthly means derived from IASI observations represent well the known seasonal cycles of dust activity over Northern Africa and Arabia. IASI Dust AOD0.5 μm and AERONET coarse mode AOD0.5 μm are reasonably well (linearly) correlated with ρ = 0.655. Moreover, comparison of time series of AERONET and IASI observations shows that the evolution of dust events is very well covered by the IASI observations. Rank correlation between dust effective radius and AERONET Ångström exponent is –0.614 indicating the general capability of (qualitative) dust particle size information being provided by this method.
An investigation of seasonal temperature trends in the Antarctic using CHAMP GPS radio occultation data
Authors: Zhang K. , Fu E. , Silcock D. , Kuleshov Y.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. GPS radio occultation (RO) has been recognized as an alternative atmospheric upper air observation technique due to its distinct features and technological merits. This technique is best used for meteorological studies in remote and/or difficult-to-access areas such as the Polar Regions. The CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) space mission has provided about eight years of high quality global coverage atmospheric profiles. This study first evaluates the accuracy of CHAMP RO retrieved temperature profiles in the Antarctic region by using radiosonde data. Different collocation criteria have been applied. The overall results show a good agreement between the two data sets. Utilizing seven completed years of CHAMP temperature profiles, the study then investigates seasonal temperature trends at 100 hPa and 500 hPa pressure levels in the Antarctic region. Detailed temperature variations in both spatial and temporal domains are revealed and their implications for climate change are discussed.
Regional uptake and release of crop carbon in the United States
Authors: West T. O. , Bandaru V. , Brandt C. C. , Schuh A. E. , Ogle S. M.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Carbon fixed by agricultural crops in the US creates regional CO2 sinks where it is harvested and regional CO2 sources where it is released back into the atmosphere. The quantity and location of these fluxes differ depending on the annual supply and demand of crop commodities. Data on the harvest of crop biomass, storage, import and export, and on the use of biomass for food, feed, fiber, and fuel were compiled to estimate an annual crop carbon budget for 2000 to 2008. With respect to US Farm Resource Regions, net sources of CO2 associated with the consumption of crop commodities occurred in the Eastern Uplands, Southern Seaboard, and Fruitful Rim regions. Net sinks associated with the production of crop commodities occurred in the Heartland, Northern Crescent, Northern Great Plains, and Mississippi Portal regions. The national crop carbon budget was balanced to within 93 to 99% yr−1 of total carbon uptake during the period of this analysis.
Beyond the Fe-P-redox connection: preferential regeneration of phosphorus from organic matter as a key control on Baltic Sea nutrient cycles
Authors: Jilbert T. , Slomp C. P. , Gustafsson B. G. , Boer W.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Patterns of regeneration and burial of phosphorus (P) in the Baltic Sea are strongly dependent on redox conditions. Redox varies spatially along water depth gradients and temporally in response to the seasonal cycle and multidecadal hydrographic variability. Alongside the well-documented link between iron oxyhydroxide dissolution and release of P from Baltic Sea sediments, we show that preferential remineralization of P with respect to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) during degradation of organic matter plays a key role in determining the surplus of bioavailable P in the water column. Preferential remineralization of P takes place both in the water column and upper sediments and its rate is shown to be water-depth dependent, increasing with the severity of reducing conditions into the deep basins. Existing Redfield-based biogeochemical models of the Baltic may therefore underestimate the imbalance between N and P availability for primary production, and hence the vulnerability of the Baltic to sustained eutrophication via the fixation of atmospheric N. However, burial of organic P is also shown to increase during multidecadal intervals of expanded hypoxia, due to higher net burial rates of organic matter around the margins of the deep basins. Such intervals may be characterized by basin-scale acceleration of all fluxes within the P cycle, including productivity, regeneration and burial, sustained by the relative accessibility of the water column P pool beneath a shallow halocline.
Past environmental and climatic changes during the last 7200 cal yrs BP in Adamawa Plateau (Northern-Cameroun) based on fossil diatoms and sedimentary 13C isotopic records from Lake Mbalang
Authors: Nguetsop V. F. , Bentaleb I. , Favier C. , Martin C. , Servant-Vildary S. , Servant M.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Past limnological conditions of Lake Mbalang (7°19´ N, 13°44´ E, alt: 1130 m) and vegetation type were reconstructed from diatoms and sedimentary stable carbon isotope records (δ13C) since 7200 cal yrs BP. The data showed that before 3600 yrs cal BP the water column was preferentially cold and stable except around 5000–5300 cal yrs BP where diatom evidenced mixed upper water layer, δ13C data suggest more forested vegetation in the landscape. These stable conditions can be explained by a strong monsoonal flux and correlatively northern position of the ITCZ that entailed high/low rainfall well distributed over the year to allow the development mountainous forest taxa. The decreasing trend of the monsoonal flux towards mid-Holocene was however affected by several centennial to millennial time scale abrupt weakening at 6700, 5800–6000, 5000–5300, 4500 and 3600 cal yrs BP although their impact on vegetation is not visible probably because rainfall distribution was favourable to forest maintenance or extension. After 3600 cal yrs BP, water column became very mixed as a result of more intense NE trade winds (Harmattan) that led at ~3000 cal yrs BP to the instalment of savana in the vegetation landscape. At that time, rainfall was probably reduced following the southwards shift of the ITCZ and the distribution of yearly rainfall was no more favourable to forest development. Thus a strong seasonality with a well marked dry season was established, conditions that maintained the savana vegetation till today. Diatom data suggest the lake did not dried during the last 7200 cal yrs BP, however, a low lake level observed at 2400–2100 cal yrs BP is contemporaneous to a climatic event evidenced in several areas of tropical Africa and could correspond to the southernmost position of the ITCZ. Other low lake levels are observed at 1800 and 1400 cal yrs BP, after which lake rose to its present level.
Springtime connections between the large-scale sea-level pressure field and gust wind speed over Iberia and the Balearics
Authors: Martín M. L. , Valero F. , Pascual A. , Morata A. , Luna M. Y.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. This paper investigates, by means of Singular Value Decomposition analysis, the springtime relationships between the mean sea-level pressure field over the North Atlantic and the regional wind gusts over the Iberian Peninsula, identifying the main atmospheric circulation patterns linked to gust wind speed anomaly configurations. The statistical significance of the obtained modes is investigated by means of Monte Carlo approach. The analysis highlighted that the covariability is dominated by two main large-scale features of the atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic. The first mode relates to Iberian gust wind speeds to the Scandinavian pattern (SCAND), linking the large-scale pattern to above-normal wind gusts. The second covariability mode, associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) pattern, correlates with maximum wind speeds over Iberia. An enhanced spring NAO pattern is related to positive (negative) wind gust correlations over northern (southern) Iberia. To find true relationships between large-scale atmospheric field and the gust wind speeds, composite maps were built up to give an average atmospheric circulation associated with coherent wind gust variability over Iberia.
Effective Guanidine‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Carbonate and Carbamate Derivatives from Propargyl Alcohols in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Ca' Nicola Della , Gabriele Bartolo , Ruffolo Giuseppe , Veltri Lucia , Zanetta Tito , Costa Mirco
Published: January 2011

The reactions of propargyl alcohols with carbon dioxide in supercritical carbon dioxide or in acetonitrile with gaseous carbon dioxide in the presence of organic bases as catalysts have been examined. Bicyclic guanidines are effective catalysts for the formation of α‐methylene cyclic carbonates under mild reaction conditions. Oxoalkyl carbonates, oxoalkyl carbamates or α‐methyleneoxazolidinones are obtained in high yields and good selectivities in one‐step starting from propargyl alcohols and an external nucleophile (alcohols or amines) using bicyclic guanidines as catalysts in supercritical carbon dioxide. Propargylic diols under the same reaction conditions underwent a rearrangement process instead of carbon dioxide insertion whereas in the presence of an external nucleophile the formation of oxocarbonates, oxocarbamates or cyclic carbamates was achieved in satisfactory yields.
Lithium Fast‐Ionic Conduction in Complex Hydrides: Review and Prospects
Authors: Matsuo Motoaki , Orimo Shin‐ichi
Published: January 2011

Complex hydrides exhibit various energy‐related functions such as hydrogen storage, microwave absorption, and neutron shielding. Furthermore, another novel energy‐related function was recently reported by the authors; lithium fast‐ionic conduction, which suggests that complex hydrides may be a potential candidate for solid electrolytes in lithium‐ion batteries. This review presents the recent progress in the development of lithium fast‐ionic conductors of complex hydrides. First, the fast‐ionic conduction in LiBH4 as a result of clarifying the mechanism of microwave absorption is presented, and then the conceptual development of complex hydrides as a new type of solid‐state lithium fast‐ionic conductors in LiBH4–, LiNH2–, and LiAlH4‐based complex hydrides is discussed. Finally, the future prospects of this study from both application and fundamental viewpoints are described: possible use as solid electrolytes for batteries, formation of ionic liquids in complex hydrides, and similarity between complex hydrides and Laves‐phase metal hydrides.
Quantum Dot–Sensitized Solar Cells Featuring CuS/CoS Electrodes Provide 4.1% Efficiency
Authors: Yang Zusing , Chen Chia‐Ying , Liu Chi‐Wei , Li Chi‐Lin , Chang Huan‐Tsung
Published: January 2011

CuS, CoS, and CuS/CoS onto fluorine‐doped tin oxide glass substrates were deposited to function as counter electrodes for polysulfide redox reactions in CdS/CdSe quantum dot–sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). Relative to a Pt electrode, the CuS, CoS, and CuS/CoS electrodes provide greater electrocatalytic activity, higher reflectivity, and lower charge‐transfer resistance. Measurements of fill factor and short‐current density reveal that the electrocatalytic activities, reflectivity, and internal resistance of counter electrodes play strong roles in determining the energy‐conversion efficiency (η) of the QDSSCs. Because the CuS/CoS electrode has a smaller internal resistance and higher reflectivity relative to those of the CuS and CoS electrodes, it exhibits a higher fill factor and short‐circuit current density. As a result, the QDSSC featuring a CuS/CoS electrode provides a higher value of η. Under illumination of one sun (100 mW cm−2), the QDSSCs incorporating Pt, CuS, CoS, and CuS/CoS counter electrodes provide values of η of 3.0 ± 0.1, 3.3 ± 0.3, 3.8 ± 0.2, and 4.1 ± 0.2%, respectively.
Responsive photonische Kristalle
Authors: Ge Jianping , Yin Yadong
Published: January 2011

Dieser Aufsatz fasst jüngste Entwicklung auf dem Gebiet der responsiven photonischen Kristalle zusammen, einschließlich Design‐, Fertigungs‐ und Anwendungsstrategien, z. B. als optische Schalter oder chemische und biologische Sensoren. Eine Reihe von Fertigungsmethoden für responsive photonische Strukturen ist heute verfügbar, die hauptsächlich auf Selbstorganisationsprozessen beruhen. Gegenüber Mikrofertigungsverfahren besitzen diese Ansätze die Vorteile geringerer Prozesskosten und einer besseren Produktionseffizienz, es gibt aber noch beträchtliche Herausforderungen zu bewältigen. Einige Techniken wie Schleuderbeschichtung, magnetische Aggregation und durchflussinduzierte Selbstorganisation erweisen sich hier als vielversprechend. Entscheidende Hinweise für den Entwurf neuer, verbesserter Systeme könnte das Vorbild natürlicher photonischer Strukturen bieten.
Responsive Photonic Crystals
Authors: Ge Jianping , Yin Yadong
Published: January 2011

This Review summarizes recent developments in the field of responsive photonic crystal structures, including principles for design and fabrication and many strategies for applications, for example as optical switches or chemical and biological sensors. A number of fabrication methods are now available to realize responsive photonic structures, the majority of which rely on self‐assembly processes to achieve ordering. Compared with microfabrication techniques, self‐assembly approaches have lower processing costs and higher production efficiency, however, major efforts are still needed to further develop such approaches. In fact, some emerging techniques such as spin coating, magnetic assembly, and flow‐induced self‐assembly have already shown great promise in overcoming current challenges. When designing new systems with improved performance, it is always helpful to bear in mind the lessons learnt from natural photonic structures.
Vinylarene/CO Copolymerization and Vinylarene/Polar Vinyl Monomer/CO Terpolymerization Using Palladium/Phosphine‐Sulfonate Catalysts
Authors: Kageyama Takeharu , Ito Shingo , Nozaki Kyoko
Published: January 2011

Palladium/phosphine‐sulfonate complexes were effective for the alternating copolymerization of vinylarenes with carbon monoxide (CO). The obtained copolymers had iso‐enriched microstructures with ll selectivity of up to circa 60 %. The catalytic system was successfully applied to the terpolymerization of vinylarene and polar vinyl monomers with CO to produce novel terpolymers, which could not be obtained by using previously developed catalysts. NMR and DSC analyses suggested that vinylarene/CO units and polar vinyl monomer/CO units were randomly distributed in the terpolymer main chains.
Improving energy efficiency and enabling water recycling in biorefineries using bioelectrochemical systems†
Authors: Borole Abhijeet P.
Published: January 2011

Improving biofuel yield and water reuse are two important issues in the further development of biorefineries. An alternative to the typical combustion‐based approach to handle residual organics stream by implementation of bioelectrochemical systems such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and/or microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) to improve energy recovery from biomass is presented. The potential advantages of this alternative scheme in a biorefinery include minimization of heat loss and generation of a higher‐value product: electricity (in MFC) or hydrogen (MEC). The need for 5–15 gallons of water per gallon of ethanol can be reduced significantly via recycling of water after MEC treatment. Removal of inhibitory byproducts such as furans, phenolics, and acetate in MFC/MECs to generate energy, thus, has dual advantages: improvements in energy efficiency and ability to recycle water. Conversion of the sugar‐ and lignin‐degradation products to hydrogen is synergistic with biorefinery hydrogen requirements for upgrading Fischer‐Tropsch (F‐T) liquids and other byproducts to high‐octane fuels and/or high‐value products. Some of these products include sorbitol, succinic acid, furan and levulinate derivatives, glycols, polyols, 1,4‐butenadiol, phenolics polymers, etc. Potential process alternatives utilizing MECs in biorefineries capable of improving energy efficiency by up to 30% are discussed. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Can biofuels recover from the crunch?
Authors: Mousdale David
Published: January 2011

In a time of global financial crisis, can biofuels weather the storm?David Mousdalefrom beocarta Ltd provides a global perspective of the impact of the economy on the growth of biofuels. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Randomized clinical trial of short-term outcomes following purse-string versus conventional closure of ileostomy wounds (Br J Surg 2010; 97: 1511–1517)
Authors: Moreton A , Shankar S , Jones S
Published: January 2011

The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Essential Oils from Neotropical Myrtaceae: Chemical Diversity and Biological Properties
Authors: Stefanello Maria Élida Alves , Pascoal Aislan C. R. F. , Salvador Marcos J.
Published: January 2011

Myrtaceae family (121 genera, 3800–5800 spp.) is one of the most important families in tropical forests. They are aromatic trees or shrubs, which frequently produce edible fruits. In the neotropics, ca. 1000 species were found. Several members of this family are used in folk medicine, mainly as an antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cleanser, antirheumatic, and anti‐inflammatory agent and to decrease the blood cholesterol. In addition, some fruits are eaten fresh or used to make juices, liqueurs, and sweets very much appreciated by people. The flavor composition of some fruits belonging to the Myrtaceae family has been extensively studied due to their pleasant and intense aromas. Most of the essential oils of neotropical Myrtaceae analyzed so far are characterized by predominance of sesquiterpenes, some with important biological properties. In the present work, chemical and pharmacological studies carried out on neotropical Myrtaceae species are reviewed, based on original articles published since 1980. The uses in folk medicine and chemotaxonomic importance of secondary metabolites are also briefly discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: The Quantum Cutting of Tb3+ in Ca6Ln2Na2 (PO4)6F2 (Ln: Gd, La) under VUV—UV Excitation: With and Without Gd3+.
Authors: Xie Mubiao , Tao Ye , Huang Yan , Liang Hongbin , Su Qiang
Published: January 2011

The phosphors Ca6Gd2‐xTbxNa2 (PO4)6F2 show strong absorption in the vacuum UV (VUV) range and have intense emission upon 172 nm excitation, while Ca6La2‐xTbxNa2 (PO4)6F2 phosphors exhibit weaker absorption in the VUV range.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Highly Active and Stable Pt—Ir/C Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Liquid Fuel Oxidation Reaction.
Authors: Hwang Seung Jun , Yoo Sung Jong , Jeon Tae‐Yeol , Lee Kug‐Seung , Lim Tae‐Hoon , Sung Yung‐Eun , Kim Soo‐Kil
Published: January 2011

Pt—Ir/C electrocatalysts for applications in low‐temperature fuel cells are prepared from a mixture of carbon black, PtCl4, IrCl3, NaBH4, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in anhydrous EtOH, followed by heat treatment at 250 °C under Ar/5 vol.% H2 for 2 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Bi3In4S10 and Bi14.7In11.3S38: Two New Bismuth Sulfides with Interesting Bi—Bi Bonding.
Authors: Yin Wenlong , Mei Dajiang , Yao Jiyong , Fu Peizhen , Wu Yicheng
Published: January 2011

Black single crystals of compounds (III) and (IV) are prepared via a two‐step flux method and characterized by single crystal XRD and UV/VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: The New Ternary Pnictides Er12Ni30P21 and Er13Ni25As19: Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Oryshchyn Stepan , Babizhetskyy Volodymyr , Zhak Olga , Zelinska Mariya , Pivan Jean‐Yves , Duppel Viola , Simon Arndt , Kienle Lorenz
Published: January 2011

The new title compounds are prepared by reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (1100 °C for 3 d) followed by annealing at 1300—1500 °C for 48—72 h.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Asymmetric Cyclocarbohydroxylation Sequence for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclopentanes.
Authors: Raimondi Wilfried , Lettieri Gregory , Dulcere Jean‐Pierre , Bonne Damien , Rodriguez Jean
Published: January 2011

A new method for the highly enantioselective synthesis of functionalized cyclopentanes bearing up to three stereogenic centers is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Fluoroimidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidines and 5‐Fluoroimidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazoles via Heterocyclization of (N‐Heteroarylimino)trifluoropyruvates.
Authors: Rassukana Y. V. , Khomutnyk Y. Y. , Onys'ko P. P. , Sinitsa A. D. , Gakh A. A.
Published: January 2011

A convenient approach to ring‐fluorinated fused imidazoles is given.
ChemInform Abstract: C(sp3)—C(sp3) Bond Breaking in Methylenecyclopropanes Involving a AuI/AuIII Catalytic Cycle.
Authors: Zhang Di‐Han , Dai Lun‐Zhi , Shi Min
Published: January 2011

The gold‐catalyzed diacetoxylation of methylenecyclopropanes proceeds under mild conditions providing in most cases the corresponding diacetoxylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Deoxygenation of Epoxides with CO Catalyzed by Hydrotalcite‐Supported Gold Nanoparticles in Water.
Authors: Mitsudome Takato , Noujima Akifumi , Mikami Yusuke , Mizugaki Tomoo , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Kaneda Kiyotomi
Published: January 2011

An alternative green methodology for the catalytic deoxygenation of epoxides with hydrotalcite‐supported gold nanoparticles by using CO/H2O as reducing reagent is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Pd‐Catalyzed Amination Reactions for Heterocycle Functionalization.
Authors: Henderson Jaclyn L. , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: January 2011

The method reported in the previous paper is extended to halogenated indazoles, benzimidazoles, benzotriazoles and indoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Iron‐Catalyzed Allylations of Aryl Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Mayer Matthias , Czaplik Waldemar M. , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel
Published: January 2011

Grignard compounds generated in situ from aryl bromides undergo a Fe(acac)3‐catalyzed reductive cross‐coupling reaction with allylic electrophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Modular P‐OP Ligands in Asymmetric Allylic Substitution.
Authors: Panossian Armen , Fernandez‐Perez Hector , Popa Dana , Vidal‐Ferran Anton
Published: January 2011

A library of P‐OP ligands is prepared and used in Pd‐catalyzed allylic substitutions with C‐ and N‐nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Palladium/Copper Bimetallic Catalytic System: Dramatic Improvement for Suzuki—Miyaura‐Type Direct C—H Arylation of Azoles with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Liu Bo , Qin Xurong , Li Kaizhi , Li Xiyu , Guo Qiang , Lan Jingbo , You Jingsong
Published: January 2011

Palladium/copper bimetallic‐catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura‐type coupling is disclosed for direct C—H arylation of azoles, instead of azole halides or pseudohalides, with arylboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: A Tetranuclear‐Zinc‐Cluster‐Catalyzed Practical and Versatile Deprotection of Acetates and Benzoates.
Authors: Iwasaki Takanori , Agura Kazushi , Maegawa Yusuke , Hayashi Yukiko , Ohshima Takashi , Mashima Kazushi
Published: January 2011

A new catalytic deacylation of acetates and benzoates through transesterification with methanol is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Catalyzed Isomerization of 2‐Isoxazolines Enables a Two‐Step Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Hydroxynitriles from Enals.
Authors: Pohjakallio Antti , Pihko Petri M. , Liu Jun
Published: January 2011

Treatment of chiral isoxazoles with catalytic amounts of DBU results in efficient formation of optically active β‐hydroxynitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Arylation of Aldehydes with Di‐Rhodium(II)/NHC Catalysts.
Authors: Trindade Alexandre F. , Andre Vania , Duarte M. Teresa , Veiros Luis F. , Gois Pedro M. P. , Afonso Carlos A. M.
Published: January 2011

Novel title ligands are designed and complex (I) is found to show enhanced activity in the arylation of aldehydes with boronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Enantioselective Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylation of Thiophenol: Synthesis of Enantiopure Allyl Phenyl Sulfides.
Authors: Zheng Shengcai , Gao Ning , Liu Wei , Liu Dongge , Zhao Xiaoming , Cohen Theodore
Published: January 2011

A highly regio‐ and enantioselective reaction of allylic carbonates with sodium thiophenolate is realized under conditions A.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Hydration of 1,2‐Allenylic Sulfoxides.
Authors: Fang Zhao , Zhou Chao , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: January 2011

A highly regio‐ and stereoselective hydration of 1,2‐allenylic sulfoxides with a proton as the electrophile affords 3‐sulfoxyl‐(Z)‐alkenols via a five‐membered intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: Progressive Release of a Palladium‐Pyridyl Complex from a Layer‐by‐Layer Multilayer and Illustrative Application to Catalytic Suzuki Coupling.
Authors: Gao Shuiying , Zheng Zhaoliang , Lue Jian , Cao Rong
Published: January 2011

Quartz slides bearing polyethyleneimine—PdCl2/Azpy multilayer films are found to liberate catalytic amounts of a soluble active palladium species, which efficiently promotes Suzuki cross‐coupling under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: syn‐Selective Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Allylations of Ketimines Proceeding Through a Directed C—H Activation/Allene Addition Sequence.
Authors: Tran Duc N. , Cramer Nicolai
Published: January 2011

Rhodium‐catalyzed reaction of unsubstituted ketimines with terminal allenes proceeds with excellent syn‐diastereoselectivity to give aminoindan derivatives, e.g. (III) or (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Oxidative Cyclization onto Vinyl Silanes.
Authors: Donohoe Timothy J. , Winship Paul C. M. , Pilgrim Ben S. , Walter Daryl S. , Callens Cedric K. A.
Published: January 2011

A variety of tetrahydrofurans bearing a silyl group at the ring junction is prepared in good yields stereoselectively via a osmium‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization of appropriate terminal vinyl silanes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Asymmetric Michael Addition of α,α‐Disubstituted Aldehydes to Maleimides Catalyzed by Primary Amine Thiourea Salt.
Authors: Yu Feng , Jin Zhichao , Huang Huicai , Ye Tingting , Liang Xinmiao , Ye Jinxing
Published: January 2011

The asymmetric Michael addition of challenging α,α‐disubstituted aldehydes to maleimides affords quaternary carbon centers with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Indolines by Catalytic Enantioselective Reduction of 3H‐Indoles.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Brinkmann Claus , Antonchick Andrey P. , Atodiresei Iuliana
Published: January 2011

Transfer hydrogenation of indole derivatives with Hantzsch dihydropyridine as the hydrogen source and chiral Broensted acid catalysts is an efficient method for the synthesis of optically active title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Arylindazoles and Benzimidazoles from a Common Intermediate.
Authors: Wray Brenda C. , Stambuli James P.
Published: January 2011

The synthesis of both types of pharmacologically interesting title compounds is possible starting from common oxime precursors.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthesis of Fluorinated Pyrazoles.
Authors: Surmont Riccardo , Verniest Guido , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: January 2011

Fluorinated keto esters and nitriles react with hydrazines to give fluoropyrazolones and fluoropyrazoles, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ligand‐Free Copper(I) Catalyzed Intramolecular N‐Arylation of Diazoaminobenzenes in PEG‐Water: An Expeditious Protocol Towards Regiospecific 1‐Aryl Benzotriazoles.
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Chhanda , Tapaswi Pradip Kumar , Butcher Ray J.
Published: January 2011

This strategy allows the construction of a wide range of different benzo and pyrido‐triazoles both being important medicinal scaffolds in excellent yields maintaining a green protocol.