bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dementia onset among community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A longitudinal study
Authors: Jung Na-Na , Son Hong Gwi-Ryung
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The aims of this study were to examine the rate of the changes in cognitive function and the related-factors in progression from the community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment to dementia during 3 years. Methods: Data were selected from the Seoul Dementia Management Project with 1,375 community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment at baseline and monitored the changes in cognitive function after 3 years. The main variables were included demographic characteristics, body mass index, cognitive function, attended number of non-pharmacological programs, and activity of daily living (ADL)-related educational programs. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, independent t-test, and logistic regression. Results: Of all the participants, 83.0% remained with mild cognitive impairment, and 17.0% progressed to dementia after 3 years. Old age (odds ratio [OR]=1.06, 95% confidence Interval [CI]=1.04~1.09), no exercise (OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.04~1.93), attendance at non-pharmacological programs less than eight times (OR=4.17, 95% CI=2.05~8.49), and no attendance at ADL-related educational programs (OR=1.05, 95% CI=1.02~1.26) significantly affected dementia progression. Conclusion: Regardless of the types of non-pharmacological programs, regular and continuous non-pharmacological programs must be one of the important services of the dementia care centers in Korea. The result of this study serves the basis for developing further strategies to activate non-pharmacological programs and ADL-related educational programs at the community level for older adults with mild cognitive impairment to prevent in progressing to dementia.
Preparation, characterization, and in vitro cytogenotoxic evaluation of a novel dimenhydrinate-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex
Authors: Hindija Lamija , Hadžiabdić Jasmina , Haverić Anja , Rahić Ognjenka , Hadžić Omanović Maida , Čaluk Klačar Lejla , Durmišević Irma , Tucak Smajić Amina , Šahinović Merima , Vranić Edina
Published: May 2024

Dimenhydrinate (DMH), used to alleviate motion sickness symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and vertigo, encounters limitations in oral pharmaceutical formulations due to its poor water solubility and bitter taste. Our research hypothesized that inclusion complexation with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) might address these drawbacks while ensuring that the newly formed complexes exhibit no cytotoxic or genotoxic effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Inclusion complexes were prepared using the kneading method and the solvent evaporation method. The phase solubility analysis, attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were conducted to evaluate the complexation efficacy and stability constant of the new binary systems. The results demonstrated that both methods provided complete and efficient complexation. Cytogenotoxic analysis, including the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, alkaline comet assay, and cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-cyt) assay, was conducted to assess the cytogenotoxic potential of DMH-β-CD inclusion complexes, a topic previously unexamined. No cytotoxic or genotoxic effects were observed within the concentration range of 36.36 to 109.09 ng/mL. Cell viability of treated PBMCs exceeded 85% for all tested concentrations. No significant increases in DNA strand breaks were observed at any dose, and tail intensity of all complexes remained lower or up to 2.2% higher than the negative control. Parameters indicating genotoxic effects, as well as cytotoxic and cytostatic potential in the CBMN-cyt assay, did not significantly differ from untreated controls. These results suggest that inclusion complexation with β-CD might be a safe and promising solution to overcome the limitations of poor solubility and unpleasant taste of DMH, potentially providing opportunities for new and improved oral pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Generation of Flp-In™ T-REx™ 293 cells stably expressing VPS13C^mClover under a tetracycline inducible promoter v1
Authors: Wang Xinbo
Published: May 2024

This method describes the generation of Flp-In™ T-REx™ 293 cells stably expressing internally mClover tagged VPS13C under a tetracycline inducible promoter.
Bioprocess Automation with Robotics: Streamlining Microbiology for Biotech Industry
Authors: Shajahan Mohamed Ali
Published: May 2024

One key tactic for optimizing microbiology in the biotech sector is the combination of robotics and bioprocess automation. This research aims to improve scalability, accuracy, and efficiency in microbial bioprocessing by investigating the effects of automated technologies. The study uses a secondary data-based review methodology to look at present trends, technological developments, and prospects in bioprocess automation with robotics. Important discoveries demonstrate notable scalability, accuracy, and efficiency gains fueled by higher throughput and sophisticated AI algorithms. However, obstacles to widespread adoption include expensive initial investment costs and the requirement for specialized knowledge. The policy implications emphasize the significance of focused investments, incentives, and teamwork in removing obstacles and realizing the full potential of robotics-assisted bioprocess automation in the biotech sector, spurring innovation and advancing sustainability.
Characterization of the Specificity, Motricity and Complexity of Half-Distance and Long-Distance Training
Authors: Szabo Gabriela
Published: May 2024

The present study starts from the conviction that no performance of value can be achieved without a precise knowledge of the requirements and ways of directing sports training for each sports discipline; that there can be no performance without a technique as close to perfection as possible, and that there can be no perfect technique without a well-developed potential for the development of motor capacities, and these requirements of training cannot be fruitful if the creative thinking of the coach does not apply the most appropriate tactic for the moment or the situation in the competition. This study, based on personal experience and the analysis of data collected during training sessions, aims to highlight the specific aspects and complexity of training in long-distance and half-distance sports, which must be thought, designed and implemented on a scientific basis, being adapted to physiological and environmental conditions, without neglecting the psychological and context component.
Spatial - Temporal Orientation and Balance Ability among Primary School Students: Comparative Analysis According to Gender
Authors: Tanasă Anca-Raluca , Abalașei Beatrice Aurelia
Published: May 2024

Spatio-temporal orientation and balance ability at certain ages show the superiority of a certain gender type in terms of the level of performance recorded. The aim of this study was to investigate whether performance in spatial-temporal orientation and balance ability differs by gender. In order to determine the differences between genders, an analysis was carried out on a sample of 120 primary school pupils who were divided by gender into two groups: 58 girls (M=27,13, SD=6,50 kg; M=129,07, SD=6,58 cm) and 62 boys (M=29,39, SD=7,90 kg; M=130,92, SD =7,02 cm). The following tests were applied: Matorin and Flamingo Test. For the interpretation of the results the Independent Samples T Test was used. According to the results of the research, in the case of the Flamingo Test - the handy leg, the values (M=4.48, SD=4.21) are significantly higher (t=2.21, DF=118, two-tailed p=0.28) than those of boys (M=3.06, SD=2.62). Regarding the Matorin Test - skill part, boys' values (M=283.06, SD=82.04) are significantly higher (t=3.50, DF=118, two-tailed, p=0.001) than girls' (M=232.55, SD=75.35). It is recommended to develop spatial-temporal orientation and balance skills because these skills play a considerable role in sports and technical games where they are in high demand.
Challenges and modification strategies of air-processed all-inorganic CsPbX3 perovskite films for efficient photovoltaics
Authors: Cao Li , Tong Yu , Wang Hongqiang , Wang Kun
Published: May 2024

All-inorganic perovskites CsPbX3 (X: halogen ions) have gained significant attention for application in next generation photovoltaic technologies due to their superior thermal stability and excellent optoelectronic properties. Compared with fabrication in N2 glove boxes, ambient air processing could simplify the operation and reduce the fabrication cost, which is favorable for boosting the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the moisture in ambient air tends to cause the phase transformation of inorganic perovskite from the photoactive black phase to the photo-inactive yellow one, thus deteriorating the photovoltaic performance. Considering the obstacles from both the intrinsic structure instability and the external atmosphere, tremendous efforts have been made for pursuing high-efficiency and stable all-inorganic PSCs that can be processed in ambient air. In this review, we first analyze the challenges for fabricating CsPbX3 in ambient air from both the intrinsic characters and external atmosphere and then overview the progress of the air-fabricated CsPbX3 films for photovoltaic applications. The recently reported various modification strategies, including the compositional/precursor, solvent, additive, and interface engineering, for achieving high-quality and stable CsPbX3 films are comprehensively summarized. Finally, a brief conclusion and outlook is given to inspire more research interest on air-fabricated CsPbX3 photovoltaics. This review provides significant guidance for further optimizing the air-processible CsPbX3 films to boost the large-scale commercialization of cost-effective PSCs in the future.
Can lifestyle medicine improve global mental health?
Authors: Sugden Steven G. , Merlo Gia , Manger Sam
Published: May 2024

Rationale: The global impact of mental health, specifically depression, is expected to be a top concern by 2030. Despite the growing number of medications and interventions, access to resources for well-being, psychiatric medications, and psychotherapy continues to be a long-standing barrier, regardless of a person’s socioeconomic position or wealth of their country. Objectives: This article will review the relevance of the lifestyle psychiatry pillars for treating depression and will also include a review of their impact on climate health. Methods: A systematic review was undertaken using predefined search criteria on PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: There is a bidirectionality between mental health and physical illness as individuals with poor mental health have higher comorbid medical conditions and vice versa, which further supports a common theory to chronic illness (both physical and mental). Lifestyle interventions show increased efficacy in the treatment of chronic illness, and the same interventions positively support climate health. Conclusions: The benefits of lifestyle interventions are often overlooked, but they are scientifically significant, well-tolerated by patients, and can address modalities of illness. Lifestyle psychiatry can become an integral tool for global mental health providers.
Obligatory Necessity Theory: Elements and Facts Influenced by the Intensity of the Specific Physical Concept
Authors: Cardoso Carlos Eduardo Ramos
Published: May 2024

The theory says that the first things to exist in the universe and the current moment were driven by an imperative need; that is, the intensities of the physical concept specify influence the existence of elements and facts based on the countless observations in physical spaces in relation to elements and facts. The existence of mandatory elements in space is motivated by the characteristics of the spaces that offer conditions for such an obligation. The theory states that the universe did not arise by chance; that is, the universe emerged through determination influenced by its surroundings. The objective of the study is to help explain the elements and facts of the universe from its origins to the present.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of an Attitude about Euthanasia Scale in Portuguese Older Adults with Mixed Anxiety-Depressive Disorder
Authors: Fonseca Luis , Castro Luísa , Gonçalves Andreia , Monteleone Francesco , Rêgo Guilhermina , Nunes Rui
Published: May 2024

Recently, the Portuguese parliament approved the decriminalisation of euthanasia for incurable illnesses. As the experiences of other countries show us, it will be a matter of time before mental disorders are addressed. Studying the phenomenon, particularly in vulnerable groups, in advance is essential for proper law drafting. Therefore, instruments which allow an objective assessment and comparison between groups must be available. This study aims to explore the validation of Faria's Attitude about Euthanasia scale in Portuguese older adult patients with mixed anxiety-depressive disorder. A sample of 114 older adult patients with mixed anxiety-depressive disorder collected by convenience in the Psychiatry Department of Senhora da Oliveira Hospital in Portugal was included. The pre-final version of the scale was tested in a small group with good results. The validity of the internal structure was analysed using exploratory factorial analysis. The internal consistency study verified reliability. For construct validity, we assessed the correlation with other validated scales measuring attitudes toward euthanasia, cognitive performance, personality and empathy. Attitude about euthanasia scale showed good internal consistency. One factor was retained in the principal component analysis. Significant correlations verified construct validity. The results support the scale's usefulness and validity. This study makes available a unique instrument to assess the overall tendency of the attitudes towards euthanasia in European-Portuguese, which can be used, for example, to compare Portuguese with Brazilian older adult psychiatric patients suffering from the same disorder. Furthermore, the adapted scale paves the way for other cross-cultural translations, adaptations, validations, and comparative analyses.
Creation of the Remote Spin Entanglement with a Nanomechanical Cantilever
Authors: Tsifrinovich Vladimir I.
Published: May 2024

We consider creation of entanglement between the remote electron spins using a magnetic nanoparticle attached to a cantilever tip (CT). We assume that the frequency of the CT vibrations matches the Larmor frequency of the spin (the CT-spin resonance). In the conditions of the CT-spin resonance the CT-spin system is described by the exactly solvable Jaynes-Kummings model. In this work using the evolution operator of the Jaynes-Kummings model we show that a movable CT can create an entangled state between the remote spins. The most striking result is that the entanglement between the remote spins can be achieved without measurement of the vibrational state of the CT.
Coordination of Pathways in Metazoans: An Integrated Framework
Authors: Tang Shiping
Published: May 2024

There are hundreds, if not thousands, of pathways in a unicellular prokaryotic organism, and all these pathways will have to be controlled, regulated, and coordinated to ensure their proper functioning. As organisms evolve from unicellular eukaryotic organisms to multicellular organisms such as the metazoans, more pathways have evolved to support more diverse biological functions. As a result, fine-tuned control, regulation, and coordination of these pathways becomes an immensely complex and demanding task. Yet, consistent with Darwin’s insight that “nature is prodigal in variety, though niggard in innovation,” nature has produced only a few master coordination hubs for these pathways. Moreover, multicellular organisms such as metazoans have evolved two broader means for coordinating various pathways: cross-talk and communication. Cross-talk operates via having shared components and links between intracellular pathways whereas communication operates via transmitting intercellular signals such as hormones and other ligands with membrane receptors and downstream intracellular signal transductions pathways. Our framework points to a more complex network-based approach for understanding biological pathways and the consequences of their disruption, escape, and malfunction such as cancer, aging, and other diseases.
Characteristics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Sex in Mexico: A Multi-institutional Collaboration
Authors: Melchor-Ruan Javier , Santiago Ruiz Luis , Murillo-Ortiz Blanca Olivia , Rivera Rivera Samuel , Leal Herrera Yelda A , Suarez Garcia David , Remes-Troche José María , Grube Peter , Martinez Mier Gustavo , Ruiz-García Erika , Ramos Mayo Alan , Ruiz Velarde Velasco Jose Antonio , Gamboa Gutierrez Ricardo , Ordoñez Escalante Karla Gabriela , Cisneros-Garza Laura Esthela , Leal Leyte Pilar , Sepúlveda-Delgado Jesús , Gonzalez Huezo Maria Sarai , Arvizu Castillo Ricardo , Urias Rocha Jorge , Flores de la Torre Celia Beatriz , Carrillo Mendoza Leonardo Manuel , Gamez del Castillo Juan Manuel , Lajous Martín , Monge Adriana , Zamora-Valdés Daniel
Published: May 2024

Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In Mexico, there is a high burden of liver cancer mortality in rural states, which affects both women and men equally. Thus, we aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) by sex in Mexico. Demographic and clinical information were extracted retrospectively from the medical records of patients with HCC initially treated (2015-2022) at participating institutions of a national survey across the country. The male-to-female ratio was calculated at the national and regional levels and the results were stratified by sex. Among 697 HCC patients, the age at diagnosis was 65.4±11.9y and 20% were diagnosed at ≥75y. The male-to-female ratio was 1.4:1, ranging from 1:1 in the northwestern and southwestern regions to 2.1:1 in the western region. The proportion of cirrhosis was similar between sexes; however, the etiologies for cirrhosis differed: cryptogenic cirrhosis was higher in women and alcohol consumption was higher in men. Men had a higher proportion of advanced HCC, poor/undifferentiated tumors, and ≥4 nodules than women. HCC in the Mexican population affects men and women at a 1.4:1 male-to-female ratio. This unique proportion by sex could be explained by the differences in the prevalence of risk factors across our heterogeneous country.
Standardizing Laser Speckle Orthogonal Contrast Imaging: Achieving Reproducible Measurements Across Instruments
Authors: Orlik Xavier , Colin Elise , Plyer Aurélien
Published: May 2024

Using two independent speckle imaging systems based on the recently published LSOCI method operating in contact mode on the skin, we assess the reproducibility of in vivo measurements and conduct an inter-instrument comparison. To this aim, we propose a calibration method to handle each imaging system as a comprehensive unit, which includes the laser source, optics, and camera. Our experimental results demonstrate that the microcirculation images produced by both instruments exhibit high accuracy and stability, with microcirculation activity values in excellent agreement, thereby paving the way for clinical applications.
Research on Underwater SLAM System Based on Visual Feature Enhancement
Authors: Qiu Haiyang , Tang Yijie , Wang Hui , Wang Lei , Xiang Dan , Xiao Mingming
Published: May 2024

To enhance the performance of visual SLAM in underwater environments, this paper presents an enhanced front-end method based on visual feature enhancement. The method comprises three modules aimed at optimizing and improving the matching capability of visual features from different perspectives. Firstly, to address issues related to insufficient underwater illumination and uneven distribution of artificial light sources, a brightness consistency recovery method is pro-posed. This method employs an adaptive histogram equalization algorithm to balance the brightness of images. Secondly, a method for denoising underwater suspended particulates is introduced to filter out noise from the images. After image-level processing, a combined underwater acousto-optic feature association method is proposed, which associates acoustic features from sonar with visual features, thereby providing distance information for the visual features. Finally, utilizing the AFRL dataset, the improved system incorporating the proposed enhancement methods is evaluated for performance against the OKVIS framework. The system achieves better trajectory estimation accuracy compared to OKVIS and demonstrates robustness in underwater environments.
Three DoF Cable Driven Parallel Manipulator with Self Sensing Nitinol Actuators
Authors: Durante Francesco , Raparelli Terenziano , Beomonte Zobel Pierluigi
Published: May 2024

This paper presents the design and analysis of a novel 3-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) parallel ma-nipulator equipped with self-sensing Ni-Ti (Nitinol) actuators. The manipulator's architecture and mechanical design are elucidated, emphasizing the integration of Nitinol actuators. The self-sensing technique implemented in a previous work was extended to a 20 mm actuator length, and the actuator was used to design the 3 DOF manipulator. Kinematic analyses were conducted to eval-uate the manipulator's performance under various operating conditions. A dynamic model was implemented for the dynamic dimensioning of the actuators, which work synergistically with a bias spring. The manipulator was realized, and a control strategy was implemented. Experimental tests, although documenting some positioning accuracy issues, show the efficacy and potential applica-tions of the proposed manipulator in robotics and automation systems, highlighting the advantages of self-sensing Nitinol actuators in small parallel manipulator designs.
Research on Solidification Layer Detection in Coal Transportation Process Based on Improved YOLO v8 Algorithm
Authors: Xiang Baokang , Zhou Ruihong , Huang Kaifeng , Dou Litong
Published: May 2024

Railway transportation is one of the main modes of long-distance coal transportation, and it is inevitable to cause environmental pollution during the transportation process. In order to improve the environment along the railway and increase the utilization rate of coal resources, this paper proposes a detection algorithm for scattered coal solidification layer during transportation based on the YOLO v8 model, and designs an intelligent recognition model suitable for coal solidification layer detection devices by combining fluorescence detection methods. Through experimental analysis, the model meets the requirements of practical detection and plays a crucial role in environmental protection, with strong practical application value.
Bacteriocins, Underestimated Antimicrobials
Authors: Sanchez-Salas Jose Luis , Solis-Balandra Miguel Angel
Published: May 2024

Bacteriocins is a term given to products of the secondary metabolism of many bacterial genera described today with antimicrobial activity. Although there are several biomolecules with such activity, even today it has not been possible to reach a consensus on the method of classification for these biomolecules. In addition, many of them are not authorized for therapeutic use against multi-drug resistant microorganisms due to possible toxic effects. However, recent research has achieved significant progress in their understanding, classification, and elucidation of the mechanisms of action against microorganisms of medical and biotechnological interest. Therefore, in more recent times, protocols are already being carried out for their optimal use and applications to use them on the hopes of solving multiple health and food conservation problems.
Safe Robust Adaptive Motion Control for Underactuated Marine Robots
Authors: Nazmara G. Reza , Aguiar A. Pedro
Published: May 2024

This article presents an innovative approach to the design of a safe adaptive backstepping control system. Tailored specifically for underactuated marine robots, the system utilizes simple sensors for enhanced practicality and efficiency. Given their operation in diverse oceanic environments fraught with various sources of uncertainties, ensuring the system's safe and robust behavior holds paramount importance in the control literature. To address this concern, this paper introduces a control strategy designed to ensure robustness at both the kinematic and dynamic levels. By emphasizing the compensation for the system uncertainties, the design integrates a straightforward fuzzy system structure. To further ensure the system's safety, a funnel surface is defined, followed by the design of a suitable nonlinear sliding surface as a function of the funnel and tracking error. Specifically leveraging the Lyapunov function, the study formally establishes the Semi-globally Practically Finite-time Stability of the closed-loop system, validated through simulations conducted on underactuated marine robots.
Greenness evaluation of rural residential buildings based on the composite perspective of Environment-Building-Resources
Authors: Xu Zhong , Tang Siqi , Wang Xiaoqi , Chen Yuhao , Luo Hangyu
Published: May 2024

Based on the composite perspective of environment-building-resource(EBR), influencing factors of the greenness of rural buildings were sorted out by brainstorming and expert consultation, an innovative comprehensive evaluation system was constructed and the weight ofthe impact factors were calculated by fuzzy analytic network process(FANP). The EBR greenness comprehensive scoring standards of each influence factor were established by means of questionnaire, field measurement and numerical simulation. As a typical representative of human populated areas in southwest China, 13 villages in the second circle of Chengdu were selected as case study areas by means of the regional average distribution theory and minimum sampling criteria. Innovative combination of obstacle degree model and spatial interpolation analysis, the key factors affecting the greening of rural buildings were diagnosed. The results showed that, indoor thermal environment(E21), indoor light environment(E22), popularity of biogas facilities (R12), green building material usage(R13) have a significant impact on the EBR greenness score. The EBR score of study area shows a spatial distribution pattern of high in the west and low in the east, with extremely uneven scores in various dimensions. According to the key factors obtained from the systematic evaluation, the refined exploration of promotion strategies and measures was carried out, the greenness improvement suggestion was put forward.
Comprehensive Neural Cryptanalysis on Block Ciphers Using Different Encryption Methods
Authors: Jeong Ongee , Ahmadzadeh Ezat , Moon Inkyu
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we perform the neural cryptanalysis and comprehensively analyze five block ciphers, Data Encryption Standard (DES), Simplified DES (SDES), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Simplified AES (SAES), and SPECK. The vulnerability of the block ciphers is investigated in three different attacks, such as Encryption Emulation (EE), Plaintext Recovery (PR), Key Recovery (KR), and Ciphertext Classification (CC) attacks. For the plaintexts, randomly generated block-sized bit arrays and texts are used. The block ciphers apply different numbers of round functions in the encryption of the block-sized bit arrays, and they are investigated by using the deep learning models trained with different numbers of data in EE, PR, and KR attacks. Moreover, the block ciphers use two different text encryption methods, Word-based Text Encryption (WTE) and Sentence-based Text Encryption (STE), to encrypt the texts in various operation modes, and they are analyzed with deep learning models in EE, PR, and CC attacks. As a result, the block ciphers can be vulnerable to deep learning-based EE and PR attacks using a large amount of train data, and STE can improve the strength of the block ciphers, unlike WTE, which shows almost the same classification accuracy as the plaintexts, especially in CC attack. Additionally, when the keys that are the same as the plaintexts are used in encryption, the block ciphers can be perfectly broken in KR attack. Moreover, especially in KR attack, the RNN-based deep learning model shows higher average Bit Accuracy Probability (BAPavg) than the fully connected-based deep learning model, which is used more often in previous works of neural cryptanalysis. Furthermore, although the transformer-based deep learning model is a state-of-the-art model in Natural Language Processing (NLP), the RNN-based deep learning model is more suitable for CC attack and shows higher classification accuracy.
Verification of Criterion-Related Validity for Developing a Marker-Less Hand Tracking Device
Authors: Suwabe Ryota , Saito Takeshi , Hamaguchi Toyohiro
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Physicians, physical therapists, and occupational therapists have traditionally assessed hand motor function in hemiplegic patients but often struggle to evaluate complex hand move-ments. To address this issue, in 2019, we developed Fahrenheit, a device and algorithm that uses infrared camera image processing to estimate hand paralysis. However, due to Fahrenheit's de-pendency on specialized equipment, we conceived a simpler solution: developing a smartphone app that integrates MediaPipe. The objective of this study was to measure hand movements in stroke patients using both MediaPipe and Fahrenheit and to assess their criterion-related validity. The analysis revealed moderate-to-high correlations between the two methods. Consistent results were also observed in the peak angle and velocity comparisons across severity stages. Because Fahrenheit determines finger recovery status based on these measures, it has the potential to transfer this function to MediaPipe. This study highlighted the potential use of MediaPipe in pa-ralysis estimation applications.
New records of sharpshooters (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) in citrus orchards in the Amazonas State, Brazil
Authors: Moreno Franco Paola Victoria , Serrão Acioli Agno Nonato , Froza Joyce Adriana , Hiluy Pecly Nathalia , da Silva Bentes Jânia Lilia , Spotti Lopes João Roberto
Published: May 2024

This study reports new records of eight species of Cicadellini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae), all potential vectors of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. 1987, which causes citrus variegated chlorosis. The sharpshooters were captured using a sweeping net in citrus orchards across seven municipalities in Amazonas State, Brazil. This research addresses the lack of information on sharpshooter occurrence in the Amazonas region, emphasizing the need for further investigations in this area.
Sustainability of Briquettes Production Based on Biomass from Vineyard Winter Pruning
Authors: Ţenu Ioan , Roșca Radu , Roman Cecilia , Senila Lăcrimioara , Arsenoaia Vlad , Butnaru Liviu , Băetu Marius , Chirilă Constantin , Cârlescu Petru Marian
Published: May 2024

Worldwide, different strategies are elaborated in order to ensure optimum conditions for the development and growth of the economic competitiveness, but also for increasing the quality of life and environment protection. All these strategies are closely linked with the development and modernization of the systems for producing energy from clean and renewable sources. In this context, the present paper presents the results of the researches regarding the evaluation of the sustainability of the briquettes production, using the biomass resulted from vine winter pruning as raw material. An analysis of the scientific references indicates that nearly 8 Mt of biomass result from over 7.4 million hectares of vine plantations existent worldwide, biomass that could be valorized through densification in order to produce solid biofuels with a lower calorific value of more than 17 MJ·kg-1.
When designing the scientific endeavor, the following aspects were considered: defining the aim and objectives of the research; design of the research algorithm; collection, preparation and conditioning of the biomass; chemical analysis of the briquettes; evaluation of the technological characteristics of the briquettes; evaluation of the energy consumption and energy efficiency for producing the briquettes, taking into account two drying methods (natural and artificial drying). In the meantime, some specific laboratory equipment was design and built for the artificial drying of biomass, evaluation of the mechanical durability, measurement of the energy consumption etc.
The analysis of the experimental data has led to the conclusion that the agricultural waste from vine pruning can constitute an important and sustainable source of energy in the form of bri-quettes, which fulfill most of the requirements imposed by the international standards.
Leveraging VR for the Visualization of Non-Observable Electrical Circuits Principles in Engineering Education
Authors: Wolbach Elliott , Hempel Michael , Sharif Hamid
Published: May 2024

As technology advances, the field of electrical and computer engineering continuously demands the introduction of innovative new tools and methodologies to facilitate effective learning and comprehension of fundamental concepts. This research addresses an identified gap in technology-augmented education capabilities and researches the integration of Virtual Reality (VR) technology with real-time electronic circuit simulation to enable and enhance the visualization of non-observable concepts such as voltage distribution and current flow within these circuits. In this paper, we describe the development of our immersive educational platform, which makes understanding these abstract concepts intuitive and engaging. This research also involved the design and development of a VR-based circuit simulation environment. By leveraging VR’s immersive capabilities, our system enables users to physically interact with electronic components, observe the flow of electrical signals, and manipulate circuit parameters in real-time. Through this immersive experience, learners can gain a deeper understanding of fundamental electronic principles, transcending the limitations of traditional two-dimensional diagrams and equations. Furthermore, this research focuses on the implementation of advanced and novel visualization techniques within the VR environment for non-observable electrical and electromagnetic properties, providing users with a clearer and more intuitive understanding of electrical circuit concepts. Examples include color-coded pathways for current flow and dynamic voltage gradient visualization. Additionally, real-time data representation and graphical overlays are researched and integrated to offer users insights into the dynamic behavior of circuits, allowing for better analysis and troubleshooting.
High Repetition-Rate 0.5 Hz Broadband Neutron Source Driven by the Advanced Laser Light Source
Authors: Lelièvre Ronan , Catrix Elias , Vallières Simon , Fourmaux Sylvain , Allaoua Amokrane , Anthonippillai Viviange , Antici Patrizio , Ducasse Quentin , Fuchs Julien
Published: May 2024

Neutron beams are an essential tool to investigate material structure and perform non-destructive analysis, as they give unique access to element composition, thus ideally complementing density analysis allowed by standard X-rays investigation. Laser-driven neutron sources, though compact and cost-effective, currently have lower average flux than conventional neutron sources, due to the limited repetition rate of the lasers used so far. However, advancements in laser technology allow nowadays to address this challenge. Here we report results obtained at the Advanced Laser Light Source (ALLS) characterizing stable production of broadband (0.1-2 MeV) neutrons produced at a high repetition rate (0.5 Hz). The interaction of laser pulses of 22 fs duration and 3.2 J on-target energy with 2-µm-thick tantalum targets produced protons in the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) regime up to 7.3 MeV. These protons were subsequently converted into neutrons by (p,n) reactions in Lithium fluoride (LiF). Activation measurements and bubble detectors were used to characterize neutron emissions, with a neutron fluence of up to ~ 1.4 × 105 neutrons/shot/sr, and energies mainly between a few hundred of keV and 2 MeV. The total neutron yield was ~ 5 × 105 neutrons/shot. This paves the way for numerous applications, e.g. in homeland security, material science or cultural heritage.
How to Partition a Quantum Observable
Authors: Webb Caleb Merrick , Stafford Charles Allen
Published: May 2024

We present a partition of quantum observables in an open quantum system which is inherited from the division of the underlying Hilbert space or configuration space. It is shown that this partition leads to the definition of an inhomogeneous continuity equation for generic, non-local observables. This formalism is employed to describe the local evolution of the von Neumann entropy of a system of independent quantum particles out of equilibrium. Crucially, we find that all local fluctuations in the entropy are governed by an entropy current operator, implying that the production of entanglement entropy is not measured by this partitioned entropy. For systems linearly perturbed from equilibrium, it is shown that this entropy current is equivalent to a heat current, provided that the system-reservoir coupling is partitioned symmetrically. Finally, we show that any other partition of the coupling leads directly to a divergence of the von Neumann entropy. Thus, we conclude that Hilbert-space partitioning is the only partition of the von Neumann entropy which is consistent with the Laws of Thermodynamics.
New Data on Distribution of Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Oltenia Region, România
Authors: RĂDUȚOIU Daniel , COSMULESCU Sina
Published: May 2024

Castanea sativa Mill. is a Mediterranean taxon originating in western Asia and southeastern Eu-rope. This paper presents data on the ecology, chorology and phytocenology of C. sativa species from Oltenia region (Romania) (data from the literature, herbariums, and the field). In the sub-spontaneous flora of Oltenia region, the C. sativa species is found in sheltered resorts in the counties of Gorj (Glogova, Valea Perilor, Tismana, Pocruia, Polovragi, etc.) and Mehedinți (Comăneşti, Baia de Aramă, etc.), on mesobasic soils, balanced from a hydraulic point of view. It was identified in a cultivated state, in few specimens, in the previously mentioned counties and in Vâlcea county, near the monasteries (eg Horezu Monastery). The phytocoenoses where this species grows are rich in southern elements (eg Cornus mas L., Cerasus avium (L.) Moench, Quer-cus dalechampii Ten., Tilia tomentosa Moench etc.). They are included in the association Castaneo-Quercetum Horvat 1938. If we refer to the habitats in Romania, the areas occupied by edible chestnut are included in the R4141 habitat - Daco-Balkan forests of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and chestnut (C. sativa) with Genista tinctoria - a habitat with a very high conservation value, and according to Natura 2000, forests of C. sativa are included in the 9260 habitats.
IFU Spectroscopic Study of the Planetary Nebula Abell 30: Mapping the Ionization and Kinematic Structure of the Inner Complex
Authors: Chan Kam Ling , Parker Quentin Andrew , Ritter Andreas
Published: May 2024

This work presents emission line flux and kinematic structure mapping based on IFU data of the planetary nebulae Abell 30 (A30). The IFU has a field of view (FoV) of 16" x 12.3" and was used to partially cover knots J1 and J2, and completely cover knots J3 and J4 of A30. Our emission line flux map shows recombination species C II, C III, He I, O II as well as forbidden line species [O III], [Ne III] and [Ne IV] of high excitation level are all distributed in different parts of the knots. The kinematic structure shows considerable variation in both the velocities and spatial locations of these knots with positive and negative velocity excursions from the systematic value. Forbidden line species [O III], [Ne III] are distributed in both knots J3 and J4 but they are travelling at different speeds in opposite directions. Despite variation in distribution of the species, the velocities of [Ne IV] and [O III] are similar and travelling in the same direction while the other species [Ne III], He I, and O II share similar velocity of 200kms−1 up in the opposite direction. The complexity of distribution and kinematic structure of the knots revealed in this work indicates a strong tendency towards the hypothesis of multiple triggering events in the past history of A30.
Performance of Machine Learning Models in Predicting Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Crop Nitrogen Using NIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Tavares Marcos Silva , Silva Carlos Augusto Alves Cardoso , Regazzo Jamile Raquel , Sardinha Edson José de Souza , da Silva Thiago Lima , Fiorio Peterson Ricardo , Baesso Murilo Mesquita
Published: May 2024

Beans are the most widely used protein source in the world and their productivity is directly linked to nitrogen (N). The short crop cycle imposes the need for fast methodologies for N quantification. In this work, we evaluated the performance of four machine learning algorithms in nitrogen prediction using NIR spectroscopy. Increasing doses of nitrogen were applied to the plants and leaf reflectance was collected. Weka software was used to test the algorithms. The selection of the most effective spectral zones was made with the VIP. Considering predictions with the whole NIR, the best results were achieved with RF (R2 = 0,84 and RMSE = 2,69 g kg-1) and KNN (R2 = 0,77 and RMSE = 3,86 g kg-1). The intervals of 700-740 nm and 983-995 nm were considered the most important for the study of N. More efficient predictions were verified when only spectral regions screened by VIP were included, increasing the accuracy of the RF, KNN and M5 models by 6%, 4% and 8%, respectively. The efficiency of N prediction based on NIR reflectance combined with machine learning was verified. This approach can optimize the management of nitrogen fertilization, serving as an important tool in precision agriculture.
Caritas for the Goals of the Agenda 2030: A Study on the Services Provided in Campania
Authors: Musella Mario , Camminatiello Ida , Izzo Francesco
Published: May 2024

The United Nations’ Agenda 2030 has established a series of Sustainable Development Goals to address global challenges, including poverty, food insecurity, access to education, and social inequality. In this context, charitable organizations such as Caritas play a crucial role in mitigating the negative effects of these challenges and promoting fair and sustainable development. This study aims to analyze prevalent needs among individuals seeking assistance from Caritas in Campania and examine how the organization contributes to achieving the Agenda 2030 Goals in the region. The statistical investigation techniques considered include tandem analysis [], which considers a dimension-reduction technique, such as multiple factor analysis, and, then cluster analysis to identify similar groups of individuals. These exploratory data analysis methods have allowed for the identification of common needs, including food assistance, support for education, employment, and housing assistance. Subsequently, Caritas programs and initiatives aimed at meeting these needs and promoting sustainable development are explored. The results indicate that Caritas plays a significant role in addressing the urgent needs of the vulnerable population in Campania and contributes to the goals of Agenda 2030, particularly those related to poverty alleviation, immigration, health promotion, education, employment, and reduction of social inequalities. This study provides an important perspective on the relevance and effectiveness of Caritas’ work in the context of Agenda 2030.
A Semi-explicit Algorithm for Parameters Estimation in a Time-Fractional Dual-Phase-Lag Heat Conduction Model
Authors: Lukashchuk Stanislav Yu.
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a new semi-explicit algorithm for parameters estimation in a time-fractional generalization of dual-phase-lag heat conduction model with the Caputo fractional derivatives. It is shown that this model can be derived from a general linear constitutive relation for the heat transfer by conduction when the heat conduction relaxation kernel contains the Mittag-Leffler function. The model can be used to describe heat conduction phenomena in a material with power-law memory. The proposed algorithm of parameters estimation is based on the time integral characteristics method. The explicit representations of the thermal diffusivity and the fractional analogues of the thermal relaxation time and the thermal retardation are obtained via a Laplace transform of the temperature field and utilized in the algorithm. An implicit relation is derived for the order of fractional differentiation. In the algorithm, this relation is resolved numerically. An example illustrates the proposed technique.
Real-Time Quality Inspection through Industry 4.0 Technologies
Authors: Anchundia Junior , Berrones Francescoly , Verdugo Alexandra , Comina Mayra
Published: May 2024

The digital transformation in Industry 4.0 has revolutionized quality control paradigms, integrating advanced technologies such as augmented reality, deep learning, and computer vision systems into a new era called "Quality 4.0". This study systematically reviews how these technologies are shaping new practices in continuous quality supervision and improvement, adapting to increasingly automated and connected production environments. Through a comprehensive analysis of the literature, practical applications in various industrial sectors, from manufacturing and agriculture to the production of sweets and snacks, are highlighted. Additionally, the conceptual and detailed design of a quality control system using artificial intelligence tools is presented, focusing on the inspection of dimensions, color, weight, and labeling of MDF boxes. The proposed system demonstrates an effective integration of sensors, high-definition cameras, and deep learning algorithms, validated through tests with boxes of different sizes. The results suggest that the adoption of these technologies not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of inspections but is also essential to maintaining high-quality standards in a dynamic and competitive industrial environment.
Multi-Objective Optimization in Support of Life-Cycle Cost Performance-Based Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Sabbaghzade Feriz Ali , Varaee Hesam , Ghasemi Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2024

Surveys on the optimum seismic design of structures reveal that many investigations focus on how to minimize its initial cost while satisfying the performance constraints. Although reducing the initial cost while complying with the requirements of earthquake design codes of practice will significantly guarantee the life safety of occupants against earthquakes, it may still cause considerable economic losses to residents and fatalities. Accordingly, calculating the possible earthquake damages caused during the structure's lifetime may become essential from the optimal Life Cycle Cost (LCC) design point of view. LCC analysis is used to evaluate economic feasibility including construction, operation, occupancy, maintenance and end-of-life costs. For optimization, the population-based, meta-heuristic algorithm based on the Ideal Gas Molecular Movement (IGMM), has established its capability in solving highly nonlinear mono and multi-objective engineering problems. Therefore, this paper investigates the LCC -based mono and multi-objective optimum design of a 3-D four-story concrete building structure combined with the Endurance Time (ET) competence. The results show that, apart from substantially reducing the total number of analyses required, the proposed technique significantly affected dipping minor injury cost, rental, and income costs by 22%, 16%, and 16%, respectively. In total, a 10% reduction in all structural life-cycle costs was achieved, which could well be considered significant.