bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black Mothers and Black Boats: Queer, Indigenous, and Afro-Brazilian Intersections in Ney Matogrosso's "Mãe preta (Barco negro)"
Authors: Silva Daniel da
Published: June 2019

As part of his 1975 solo debut album, Água do céu-pássaro, Ney Matogrosso recorded a cover of "Barco negro," a Portuguese fado made famous by Amália Rodrigues and based on an earlier Brazilian song, "Mãe-preta," written by Caco Velho and Piratini and recorded by Os Tocantins in 1943. Matogrosso conflates the two versions, titling the track, "Mãe preta (Barco negro)." This article marks Matogrosso’s recording as an iteration of transgender voice and locates—in his performance and album artwork—queer, indigenous, and Afro-Brazilian intersections that rework the mãe preta figure central to Brazil’s foundational narrative. Making use of Hortense Spiller’s theorization of the trans-Atlantic slave trade as "body-theft," I argue that Matogrosso’s referents and trans voice reembody the Luso-Afro-Brazilian black mother in ways that unsettle Lusotropicalism and haunt Portuguese nationalist tropes.
Pés vivos in "El queso del quechua" by Glauco Mattoso
Authors: Castro Alejandro
Published: June 2019

This paper approaches "El queso del quechua," the Spanish-language translation of Brazilian writer Glauco Mattoso’s short story "O quitute do quíchua," on the basis of certain central concepts: fetishism, anthropophagy, blindness, coprophagy, and sadomasochist entelechy. It intends to analyze the book itself, released by an Argentine cartonera publishing house, as an object, as well as the story contained within it. Cecilia Palmeiro translated the work, having already published research on the relationship between Mattoso’s work and the consumption of waste. This paper explores the relation between the academy and the cultural field, as well as the presence of a living, acting, mutable, and performative element in Mattoso’s literature.
Cagle, Hugh. Assembling the Tropics: Science and Medicine in Portugal's Empire, 1450-1700. Cambridge UP, 2018
Authors: Blackmore Josiah
Published: June 2019

Assembling the Tropics studies the creation of the idea of the "tropics" as a coherent global region in early modern Portuguese empire, using writings on fever, medicine, natural history, plants and drugs, and disease as the basis of analysis.
The low fee entry strategy and first mover advantage in the ETF market
Authors: Glambosky Mina , Gleason Kimberly , Lee Chun , Murdock Maryna
Published: June 2019

Academic literature struggles to explain investors’ attitude towards fees and expenses charged by mutual funds. In general, investors have been found to exhibit a puzzling lack of interest in this non-trivial component of their total return, raising questions of rationality of real-world investor behavior. An emergence of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), their rapid proliferation in the past decades and distinct features, such as more simple expense structure, present a valuable opportunity to contribute to the debate surrounding the pricing of funds. To better understand the expense policy/fund flows dynamics, the authors first test a conjecture that later entrants in the ETF markets face a disadvantage in competition for fund flows. Then, they test whether competitive pressure can be successfully overcome by lowering expenses charged to ETF investors. The results suggest that, though it is not necessary to be a first entrant in a fund category to enjoy competitive advantage, an earlier market entry is beneficial for attracting fund flows. It is also found that later entrants’ to the ETF market successfully use the strategy of reducing their expense ratios. Firms with lower net expense ratios obtain greater investment, as evidenced by greater capitalization and market share, supporting our intuition that investors may acknowledge the merits of low-cost ETFs.
Application of fly ash-based geopolymer for removal of cesium, strontium and arsenate from aqueous solutions: kinetic, equilibrium and mechanism analysis
Authors: Tian Quanzhi , Sasaki Keiko
Published: June 2019

Geopolymerization is a developing reaction process for the utilization of solid wastes. In the present study, fly ash-based geopolymer and its derivative (Fe(II)-modified geopolymer) were synthesized and characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR, BET, UV-Vis DRS as well as TG-DTA, and adopted as adsorbents for removal of Cs+ and Sr2+, and from solutions. Each sorption kinetic was well fitted to the pseudo-second-order model. The sorption of Cs+ and Sr2+ onto original geopolymer were better fitted to the Langmuir model. However, the Freundlich model is more befitting for sorption of onto Fe(II)-modified geopolymer. The free energies calculated from the D-R isotherm indicated that the sorption for Cs+ and Sr2+ were dominantly ion exchanges. Ring size plays a decisive role in ion exchanges for both Cs+ and Sr2+. Furthermore, the arrangement of SiO4 and AlO4 tetrahedrons has significant impacts on the ion exchange of Sr2+. XPS results indicated that a part of Fe2+ in Fe (II)-modified geopolymer had been oxidized to Fe3+ after sorption. Precipitation of FeAsO4 could partially contribute to the arsenate removal from solution. sorption has also occurred through the formation of inner-sphere complexes via ion exchange reaction, which could be predominantly attached by bidentate linkages.
An alternative flood model calibration strategy for urban watersheds: the case study of Riohacha, Colombia
Authors: de Oliveira Antonio Krishnamurti Beleño , Rezende Osvaldo Moura , de Sousa Matheus Martins , Nardini Andrea , Miguez Marcelo Gomes
Published: June 2019

The city of Riohacha (Colombia) has a complex urban setting that, under the pressure of recurring intense rains, experiences increasing flood damage. With the aim of identifying a systemic solution to flood problems, a hydrodynamic mathematical modelling exercise was conducted. Within the modelling process, calibration and validation are two fundamental actions that must precede the use of the model. However, most of the river basins around the world lack hydrometeorological information, which is indispensable for the calibration process. This paper presents an original approach to collecting such information for the calibration process, based on interviewing inhabitants. The results of this effort were surprisingly good, when considering the kind of approximations involved in using people's answers as hard data. This encouraged us to promote it as a working solution for many other similar cases, which all suffer from lack of suitable data.
Signal Transduction Pathways as Therapeutic Target for Chagas Disease
Authors: Schoijet Alejandra Cecilia , Sternlieb Tamara , Alonso Guillermo Daniel
Published: June 2019

Trypanosomatids are a group of flagellated unicellular eukaryotes, causing serious human diseases including Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi), sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma brucei spp.) and Leishmaniasis (Leishmania spp.). The second messenger cAMP is involved in numerous and fundamental processes in these parasites including differentiation between stages, proliferation, osmoregulation, oxidative stress and quorum sensing. Interestingly, its signaling pathway is quite different from that of mammals, including structurally different adenylyl cyclases, the shortage of orthologous effector proteins and the absence of G-protein-coupled-receptors, among others. These characteristics make the proteins involved in these transduction pathways good candidates for therapeutic targets. However, the identification of new unknown druggable targets involves extensive research time and is economically very expensive, making difficult the transition from basic research to the clinical phase. Trypanosomatid PDEs have characteristic binding pockets that allow for a differential inhibition from their human orthologs. Modification in the approved drugs for human to convert them into trypanocidal treatments could lead to more effective therapies, shorter lab time and lower costs. In view of the fact that kinetoplastid PDEs are highly conserved with their mammalian counterparts, and since there are already numerous drugs on the market against human PDEs, the drug repositioning approach is highly promising. The development of new technologies, higher government and industrial involvement and more scientists committed to basic investigation, are the key to ultimately find an effective treatment and cure for the neglected tropical diseases.
Formulation and Application of Nanoemulsions for Nutraceuticals and Phytochemicals
Authors: Jamali Seyedeh Narges , Assadpour Elham , Jafari Seid Mahdi
Published: June 2019

:

Recent trends in research and investigation on nanoemulsion based products is the result of
many reasons such as food security as a global concern, increasing demand for highly efficient food and
agricultural products and technological need for products with the ability of manipulation and optimization
in their properties. Nanoemulsions are defined as emulsions made up of nano sized droplets dispersed
in another immiscible liquid which exhibit properties distinguishing them from conventional
emulsions and making them suitable for encapsulation, delivery and formulations of bioactive ingredients
in different fields including drugs, food and agriculture. The objective of this paper is to present a general
overview of nanoemulsions definition, their preparation methods, properties and applications in food and
agricultural sectors. Due to physicochemical properties of the nanoemulsion composition, creating nanosized
droplets requires high/low energy methods that can be supplied by special devices or techniques.
An overview about the mechanisms of these methods is also presented in this paper which are commonly
used to prepare nanoemulsions. Finally, some recent works about the application of nanoemulsions in
food and agricultural sectors along with challenges and legislations restricting their applications is discussed
in the last sections of the current study.
Antimicrobial Agents and Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Issakhanian Lernik , Behzadi Payam
Published: June 2019

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs); second-ranking infectious diseases are regarded as a significant global health care problem. The UTIs annually cost tens of millions of dollars for governments worldwide. The main reason behind these costs is incorrect or indefinite treatment. There are a wide range of gram-negative and grampositive bacteria which may cause UTIs in males and females, children and adults. Among gram-negative bacteria, some members of Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli (E.coli) strains have significant contribution in UTIs. Uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC) strains are recognized as typical bacterial agents for UTIs. Thus, sharp and accurate diagnostic tools are needed for detection and identification of the microbial causative agents of UTIs. In parallel with the utilization of suitable diagnostic methods-to reduce the number of UTIs, effective and definite treatment procedures are needed. Therefore, the prescription of accurate, specific and effective antibiotics and drugs may lead to a definite treatment. However, there are many cases related to UTIs which can be relapsed. Due to a diversity of opportunistic and pathogenic causative microbial agents of UTIs, the treatment procedures should be achieved by the related antimicrobial agents. In this review, common and effective antimicrobial agents which are often prescribed for UTIs caused by UPEC will be discussed. Moreover, we will have a sharp look at their (antimicrobials) molecular treatment mechanisms.
Interethnic Variations of UGT1A1 and UGT1A7 Polymorphisms in the Jordanian Population
Authors: Abudahab Sara , Hakooz Nancy , Jarrar Yazun , Al Shahhab Mohammad , Saleh Ahmad , Zihlif Malek , Dajani Rana
Published: June 2019

Background:

Glucuronidation is one of the most important phase II metabolic pathways. It is catalyzed by a family of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes (UGTs). UGT1A1 and UGT1A7 catalyze the glucuronidation of a diverse range of medications, environmental chemicals and endogenous compounds. Polymorphisms in the UGT1A gene could potentially be significant for the pharmacological, toxicological and physiological effects of the enzymes.

Objective:

The UGT1A gene is polymorphic among ethnic groups and the aim of this study was to investigate the different UGT1A1 and UGT1A7 polymorphisms in Circassians, Chechens and Jordanian-Arabs.

Method:

A total of 168 healthy Jordanian-Arabs, 56 Circassians and 54 Chechens were included in this study. Genotyping of 20 different Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) was done by using polymerase chain reaction- DNA sequencing.

Results:

We found that Circassians and Chechens have significantly higher allele frequencies of UGT1A7*2, UGT1A7*3 and UGT1A7*4 than the Jordanian-Arab population, but all three populations have similar frequencies of UGT1A1*28. Therefore, Circassians and Chechens are expected to have significantly lower levels of the UGT1A7 enzyme with almost 90% of these populations having genes that encode low or intermediate enzyme activity.

Conclusion:

This inter-ethnic variation in the UGT1A alleles frequencies may affect drug response and susceptibility to cancers among different subethnic groups in Jordan. Our results can also provide useful information for the Jordanian population and for future genotyping of Circassian and Chechen populations in general.
Protective Effects of Phenylpropanoids and Phenylpropanoid-rich Essential Oils on the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Alves-Silva Jorge M. , Zuzarte Mónica , Marques Carla , Girão Henrique , Salgueiro Lígia
Published: June 2019

Background:

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global mortality with a tendency
to increase due to population ageing as well as an increase in associated risk factors. Although
current therapies improve survival rates, they are associated with several side effects, thus justifying
the development of novel preventive and/or therapeutic approaches. In this way, plant metabolites such
as essential oils have emerged as promising agents due to their biological effects.

Objective:

Bearing in mind that several essential oils are characterized by high amounts of phenylpropanoids,
which may play a crucial role in the activity of these volatile extracts, a comprehensive and
systematic review focusing on the cardiovascular effects of phenylpropanoid-rich essential oils is presented.

Methods:

Popular search engines including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar were
consulted and papers from 2000 onwards were selected. Non-volatile phenylpropanoids were not considered
in this review.

Results:

A compilation of the current knowledge on this thematic pointed out beneficial effects for
volatile phenylpropanoids namely hypotensive, vasorelaxant, antiplatelet aggregation, antidyslipidaemic
and antidiabetic, as well as protective properties against ischemia/reperfusion injury and heart hypertrophy.

Conclusion:

A better understanding of the protective effects of phenylpropanoids on the cardiovascular
system is presented, thus paving the way towards future research on plant-based therapies for cardiovascular
diseases.
Magnesium-dependent Phosphatase (MDP) 1 is a Potential Suppressor of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhu Jianbo , Deng Lijuan , Chen Baozhen , Huang Wenqing , Lin Xiandong , Chen Gang , Tzeng Chi-Meng , Ying Mingang , Lu Zhongxian
Published: June 2019

Background:

Recurrence is the leading cause of treatment failure and death in patients with gastric cancer (GC). However, the mechanism underlying GC recurrence remains unclear, and prognostic markers are still lacking.

Methods:

We analyzed DNA methylation profiles in gastric cancer cases with shorter survival (<1 year) or longer survival (> 3 years), and identified candidate genes associated with GC recurrence. Then, the biological effects of these genes on gastric cancer were studied.

Results:

A novel gene, magnesium-dependent phosphatase 1 (mdp1), was identified as a candidate gene whose DNA methylation was higher in GC samples from patients with shorter survival and lower in patients with longer survival. MDP1 protein was highly expressed in GC tissues with longer survival time, and also had a tendency to be expressed in highly differentiated GC samples. Forced expression of MDP1 in GC cell line BGC-823 inhibited cell proliferation, whereas the knockdown of MDP1 protein promoted cell growth. Overexpression of MDP1 in BGC-823 cells also enhanced cell senescence and apoptosis. Cytoplasmic kinase protein c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) were found to mediate the biological function of MDP1.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that MDP1 protein suppresses the survival of gastric cancer cells and loss of MDP expression may benefit the recurrence of gastric cancer.
New Crown Ether-Based Ionic Liquids as a Green and Versatile Organocatalyst for Three-Component Synthesis of 1,5-Dihydropyrano[2,3- c]chromene Derivatives
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Iman , Asadipour Ali , Pardakhty Abbas , Abaszadeh Mehdi
Published: June 2019

A simple and green method for the synthesis of 1,5-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]chromene derivatives
has been reported by three-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and
3-hydroxycoumarin in the presence of a series of novel crown ether-based ionic liquids (CE-based ILs)
in H2O/EtOH (1:1), under the reflux conditions. The novel CE-based ILs have been synthesized by
18-crown-6 or dibenzo 18-crown-6 chelated with sodium benzenesulfinate derivatives and used as a green
and environmental organocatalyst. This method has some advantages such as the aqueous reaction medium,
stable catalysts, cleaner reaction profiles and high yield of products in short reaction time.
High-accuracy Automated Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Ozsahin Ilker , Sekeroglu Boran , Pwavodi Pwadubashiyi Coston , Mok Greta S.P.
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

Parkinson's disease (PD), which is the second most common neurodegenerative
disease following Alzheimer’s disease, can be diagnosed clinically when about 70% of the dopaminergic
neurons are lost and symptoms are noticed. Neuroimaging methods such as single photon
emission computed tomography have become useful tools in vivo to assess dopamine transporters
(DATs) in the striatal region. However, inter- and intra-reader variability of construing the images
might result in misdiagnosis. To overcome the challenges posed by classification of the disease,
image preparation techniques and a back propagation neural network (BPNN) have been proposed.
The aim of this study is to show that the proposed method can be used for the classification of PD
with high accuracy.

Methods:

In this study, we used basic image preparation techniques and a BPNN on DAT imaging
datasets from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative. 1,334 PD and 212 normal control
(NC) subjects were included. In the image preparation phase, adaptive histogram equalization was
applied to the cropped images, followed by image binarization. Then, the mass-difference method
was applied to separate the regions of interest with similar values. Finally, the binarized images
were subtracted from the original images, and the average pixel per node approach was applied to
the images to minimize the inputs. In the BPNN phase, 400 input neurons and 2 output neurons
were used. The dataset was divided into three sets: training, validation, and test. The BPNN was
trained several times in order to obtain the optimum values.

Results:

The use of 40 hidden neurons, a learning rate of 0.00079, and a momentum factor of 0.90
produced superior results and were applied in the final BPNN architecture. The tolerance value
used was 0.80. Uniquely, we found the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for PD vs. NC classification
to be 99.7%, 99.2%, 99.6%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest
accuracy value achieved in the existing literature. Our method increases computational speed together
with improved performance.

Conclusion:

We have shown that effective image processing methods and the use of BPNN can
successfully be applied to PD datasets to accurately determine any abnormalities in DATs. Using
the shallow neural network, this procedure requires less processing time compared to other methods,
and its accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity are reliable. However, further studies are needed
to establish a prediction method for the preclinical and prodromal stages of the disease.
Neglected Tropical Diseases: The Potential Application of microRNAs for Monitoring NTDs in the Real World
Authors: Chamnanchanunt Supat , Svasti Saovaros , Fucharoen Suthat , Umemura Tsukuru
Published: June 2019

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are a common health problem and require an
efficient campaign to be eradicated from tropical countries. Almost a million people die of NTDs
every year in the world, and almost forty percent of the patients are under 20 years. Mass Drug Administration
(MDA) is an effective tool for eradication of this health condition. However, a
monitoring system is required to evaluate treatment-response and early detection of the re-emerging
NTD. The relevance of current tests depends on good quality of the specimen. Thus, new molecular
methods with high sensitivity and specificity are required. In this review, we focus on microRNAs
(miRNAs) as biomarkers of NTDs through a narrative review on human research. We searched for
reliable search engines using a systematical literature review algorithm and included studies that fit
the criterion. Five NTDs (lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted
helminthiases, and trachoma) were set as our target diseases. Later on, the data were extracted and
classified as monitoring response and early detection. Four miRNAs were studied in filariasis as a
monitoring response. There were 12 miRNAs related to onchocerciasis infection, and 6 miRNAs
with schistosomiasis infection. Six miRNAs showed a link to soil-transmitted helminths. Only 3
miRNAs correlated with trachoma infection. In conclusion, circulating miR is a less invasive and
promising approach to evaluate NTDs. Further field study may translate those candidate miRs to
clinical application of the prevention and control of NTDs.
Температурная активация электронов проводимости в двойной квантовой яме HgTe/CdHgTe p-типа проводимости со слоями HgTe критической толщины
Authors: Подгорных С.М. , Якунин М.В. , Криштопенко С.С. , Попов М.Р. , Михайлов Н.Н. , Дворецкий С.А.
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe temperature dependences of the Hall coefficient and magnetoresistivity of a p -type HgTe/CdHgTe double quantum well with HgTe layers of critical thickness in the temperature range T = 35–300 K under magnetic fields up to 9 T are investigated. The position of the earlier observed reentrant quantum Hall transition from plateau i = 1 to plateau i = 2 is found to be close to the transition field from light to heavy holes with an increase in the magnetic field in the classical Hall effect. It is found that thermally activated light electrons contribute to the Hall effect along with light and heavy holes at T ≥ 35 K. The activation energy of electrons is estimated from the temperature dependence of the electron concentration as 28 meV, which exceeds the calculated value from the lateral maximum of the valence subband to the edge of the lowest conduction subband, probably because of heterostructure asymmetry.
Влияние гидрирования на структуру, магнитные и магнитокалоричеcкие свойства сплавов Tb-Dy-Co со структурой фаз Лавеса
Authors: Терёшина И.С. , Каминская Т.П. , Чжан В.Б. , Овченкова Ю.А. , Трушева А.С. , Вирюс А.А.
Published: June 2019

A comprehensive study of the structure, phase composition, surface topology, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the compounds TbCo2, Tb0.3Dy0.7Co2 and the hydride with a low hydrogen content Tb0.3Dy0.7Co2H0.5 was carried out. The features of the structure at the micro- and nano- levels, as well as changes in the fundamental and functional properties during hydrogenation, were established. It was shown that the introduction of a small amount of hydrogen into the crystal lattice of the Tb0.3Dy0.7Co2 compound leads to an increase in both the Curie temperature and the magnetic moment on the cobalt atoms. The type of magnetic phase transition from a paramagnetic to a magnetically ordered state changes from the first (in the compound Tb0.3Dy0.7Co2) to the second (in TbCo2, Tb0.3Dy0.7Co2H0.5), which leads to a significant decrease in the magnitude of the magnetocaloric effect.
Дефектонный вклад в высокотемпературную сверхпроводимость гидридов
Authors: Морозов А.И.
Published: June 2019

The high pressure of the order of hundreds of gigapascals required to obtain the high-temperature superconducting phases of a number of hydrides causes the crystal lattice compression, which in turn leads to an exponential increase in the probability of a hydrogen atom tunneling between equivalent interstices. At low temperatures, vacancies in the filled under stoichiometry hydrogen sublattice and hydrogen atoms in the completely free under stoichiometry interstice sublattice are quantum defect - defectons. The estimate of the defecton contribution into the superconductivity of hydrides has been obtained and has been shown that it can be substantial either in the case of free defectons, or in the case of defectons, clusterized with the formation of two-level systems.
Критическая температура трехвершинной модели Поттса на решетке Кагоме
Authors: Бабаев А.Б. , Муртазаев А.К.
Published: June 2019

The Potts model on the Kagome lattice is considered. The Monte Carlo method is used to obtain the temperature dependences of the thermodynamic parameters of heat capacity C, order parameter m, and susceptibility χ. The calculations were performed for systems with periodic boundary conditions. Systems with linear dimensions LxL = N, L = 20-90 were considered. Based on the fourth order Binder cumulant method, the critical temperature (Tc) was calculated for the three-vertex Potts model on the Kagome lattice. It is shown that the obtained Tc value within the statistical error is in good agreement with the results obtained using the transfer-matrix and polynomial approximation methods.
Формирование нанокристаллов в аморфной фазе многокомпонентных систем
Authors: Абросимова Г.Е. , Аронин А.С. , Волков Н.А.
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe effect of the concentration of alloying components on the crystallization of amorphous (Fe_73Si_13B_9)_1 – _ x  _– _ y Nb_ x Cu_ y and (Co_70Si_12B_9)_1 – _ x  _– _ y Fe_ x Nb_ y alloys has been studied by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy in a wide composition region. The formation of the bcc structures in both the alloy groups is shown to be substantially dependent on the alloying component concentrations. The bcc phase is found to form in the cobalt-based alloys in the concentration region, where it was not observed before. In the cobalt-based alloys, the bcc phase appears at a niobium concentration higher than 1 at % and the average bcc nanocrystal size varies from 40 nm (at 1 at % Nb) to 14 nm (at 5 at % Nb). In the Fe-based alloys, nanocrystals with the bcc lattice form at the copper concentrations of 0.45–1 at %, and the average nanocrystal size is dependent on the alloy composition and varies in the range 16–24 nm. The causes of the concentration dependence of the formation of nanostructures in these alloys are discussed.
Научно-технические основы применения наноструктурного материаловедения и наноэлектроники в системах электромеханических преобразователей энергии специального назначения
Authors: Гандилян С.В. , Гандилян Д.В.
Published: June 2019

The article presents the modern state of an absolutely new direction in development of science – the microsystem electromechanics and analyzes a wide spectra of its practical applica-tions and prospects.

Two main ways for creation of the micro- and nano-electromechanical energy converters as the basic elements of the microsystem electromechanics are discussed in detail: «from top to bottom» and «from bottom to top».

The article also describes the basic technological methods for designing of the main func-tional elements of the microsystem electromechanics, and characterizes the areas of their appli-cation in the traditional and new technologies (in the information and computer technologies, medicine, space and missile-artillery systems, etc.).

The research considers some of the key issues (topical points, nodal points) of the gener-alized (combined) physical and mathematical modeling of microminiature and nanoelectome-chanical systems (MEMS and NEMS).

A new generalized approach is proposed to the research of the dynamic and energetic performance of MEMS and NEMS, as complex dynamic systems with binarily conjugated sub-systems.

The presented theoretical principles and models are used as the basis for research of the electrophysical characteristics of the biological nanostructures.
Горячая мишень. Физико-химическая модель реактивного распыления
Authors: Шаповалов В.И.
Published: June 2019

A non-isothermal physicochemical model for the reactive sputtering process is upgraded. The model is used for the description of hot metal target sputtering. The film synthesis on all surfaces of the vacuum chamber is given in a form of a surface chemical reaction. The target temperature is determined from the results of the discharge spectra measurement in the near-infrared region, and is approximated in the form of a function of the discharge current density. In order to provide a mathematical description of the reaction, the basic postulate of chemical kinetics taking into account the equation for Langmuir isotherm and the Arrhenius equation under nonisothermal conditions was used. The model incorporates thermionic emission and evaporation of the target surface. A system of eight algebraic equations describing the model is solved for titanium target sputtering in a nitrogen environment at a current density of 25-600 A/m². It has been shown that the target heating shifts the critical operating points of a target to the lower nitrogen flow rate region and reduces the width of the hysteresis loop as compared to a cold target. The influence of the target evaporation on the process appears at a current density exceeding 400 A/m².
Глубина выхода вторичных и фотоэлектронов из пленок CdTe с пленкой Ba
Authors: Умирзаков Б.Е. , Ташмухамедова Д.А. , Турсунов М.А. , Эргашов Ё.С. , Аллаярова Г.Х.
Published: June 2019

For the first time, the energy band value λ' of true-secondary electrons and photoelectrons of pure theta≤1 monolayer-thick CdTe and CdTe with Ba films has been estimated. It is shown that with a decrease in the surface work function by 2 eV, the value of λ' increases by 1.2–1.3.
Спектроскопия квантовых биений в системе N одинаковых, близко расположенных атомов. I. Случай N=2
Authors: Мохов А.И. , Макаров А.А.
Published: June 2019

AbstractUsing the example of two closely spaced localized alkaline-earth atoms, we consider the possibilities of the quantum beat method (a version of the level-crossing spectroscopy in a magnetic field) in finding two parameters characterizing the system, namely, the direction from one atom to another and the distance between them. The applicability of the method to the nanoscopy of systems of closely spaced quantum dots, vacancy centers (NV centers, etc.), and impurity atoms (molecules) in crystals is discussed.
Спектроскопия высокого разрешения низкотемпературных фазовых переходов в метаборате меди CuB-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-
Authors: Молчанова А.Д. , Болдырев К.Н.
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe linear magnetic dichroism in the crystallographically isotropic ab plane of a tetragonal CuB_2O_4 single crystal has been investigated by high-resolution Fourier spectroscopy at temperatures of 1.4–22 K. Magnetic phase transitions are found at T < 2.0 K and their nature is discussed.
Особенности фазовых превращений растворов полимеров в деформируемых пористых матрицах
Authors: Шишулин А.В. , Федосеев В.Б.
Published: June 2019

The influence of geometric characteristics (size and shape) of a pore on phase equilibria in stratifying polymer solutions within porous matrices have been simulated by means of equilibrium chemical thermodynamics. Using the example of liquid stratifying polybutadiene-polystyrene mixtures, we have shown that a strain of a matrix which influences on pore shapes, determines mutual solubilities of components within a pore, equilibrium volume ratios of co-existing phases and their thermodynamic stability. High strains of a matrix lead to suppressing the stratification while every composition up to the equimolar one becomes thermodynamically stable.
Радиационная деградация сцинтилляторов на основе LiF : W
Authors: Гэ Г. , Корепанов В.И. , Петикарь П.В.
Published: June 2019

Patterns and causes of changes in spectral-kinetic characteristics of the cathodoluminescence in LiF: W crystals are studied under irradiation by nanosecond electron pulses. The contribution of the transformation processes of pre-radiation imperfection and accumulation of color centers to cathodoluminescence distortion is revealed. Optimal operating conditions for LiF:W scintillators are determined. It is found that pre-irradiation of LiF:W with doses of 103–104 Gy causes 1.5–2 fold increase in cathodoluminescence intensity (low dose effect).
Характеристики автоволн локализованной пластичности металлов и параметр Дебая
Authors: Зуев Л.Б. , Баранникова С.А.
Published: June 2019

The dependence of the characteristics of localized plasticity autowaves on the Debye characteristic parameter (Debye temperature) for nineteen different metals is analyzed. It is shown that this experimentally established linear relationship is a consequence of the previously introduced elastoplastic deformation invariant, which relates the parameters of elastic and plastic processes in a deformable medium.
Влияние конфигурации и материала встречно-штыревых преобразователей на возбуждение поверхностных и псевдоповерхностных акустических волн в подложках ниобата лития
Authors: Варламов А.В. , Лебедев В.В. , Агрузов П.М. , Ильичёв И.В. , Шамрай А.В.
Published: June 2019

The excitation, distribution, and interaction of surface acoustic waves (SAW) and pseudo surface acoustic waves (PSAW) in a X-cut lithium niobate substrates were investigated. The resonant excitation frequencies, the wave distribution velocities and the dispersion characteristics were determined for each of the wave types. The influence of the interdigital transducer (IDT) material on the excitation efficiency and the interaction between investigated wave types was found out. The interdigital transducer material and configuration requirements for integrated acousto-optic devices were determined.
Patient Engagement in Medical Research Among Older Adults: Analysis of the Health Information National Trends Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Gerido Lynette Hammond , Tang Xiang , Ernst Brittany , Langford Aisha , He Zhe
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

By 2035, it is expected that older adults (aged 65 years and older) will outnumber children and will represent 78 million people in the US population. As the aging population continues to grow, it is critical to reduce disparities in their representation in medical research.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to describe sociodemographic characteristics and health and information behaviors as factors that influence US adults’ interest in engaging in medical research, beyond participation as study subjects.

METHODS

Nationally representative cross-sectional data from the 2014 Health Information National Trends Survey (N=3677) were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess predictors of one’s interest in patient engagement in medical research. The independent variables included age, general health, income, race and ethnicity, education level, insurance status, marital status, and health information behaviors.

RESULTS

We examined the association between the independent variables and patient interest in engaging in medical research (PTEngage_Interested). Patient interest in engaging in medical research has a statistically significant association with age (adjusted P<.01). Younger adults (aged 18-34 years), lower middle-aged adults (aged 35-49 years), and higher middle-aged adults (aged 50-64 years) indicated interest at relatively the same frequency (29.08%, 29.56%, and 25.12%, respectively), but older adults (aged ≥65 years) expressed less interest (17.10%) than the other age groups. After the multivariate model was run, older adults (odds ratio 0.738, 95% CI 0.500-1.088) were found to be significantly less likely to be interested in engaging in medical research than adults aged 50 to 64 years. Regardless of age, the strongest correlation was found between interest in engaging in medical research and actively looking for health information (P<.001). Respondents who did not seek health information were significantly less likely than those who did seek health information to be interested in engaging in medical research.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients’ interest in engaging in medical research vary by age and information-seeking behaviors. As the aging population continues to grow, it is critical to reduce disparities in their representation in medical research. Interest in participatory research methods may reflect an opportunity for consumer health informatics technologies to improve the representation of older adults in future medical research.
Migración y racismo en Internet: análisis de discursos antiinmigrantes de internautas en prensa digital mexicana
Authors: TORRE CANTALAPIEDRA Eduardo
Published: June 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar discursos de internautas en contra de los migrantes haitianos en México. Con base en 277 comentarios de usuarios en 24 noticias de la versión digital de El Universal respecto a la migración haitiana –transitando o estableciéndose en el territorio mexicano– publicados entre 2016 y 2018, se analizan los mecanismos discursivos que operan en las intervenciones contrarias a los migrantes. Encontramos que la construcción del migrante haitiano como amenaza es el dispositivo predominante en los discursos antiinmigrantes y que el refugiado haitiano es caracterizado como un vividor a expensas del erario público.
Síndrome clínico aislado: abordaje del primer evento desmielinizante
Authors: Casallas Vanegas Adriana , Zuluaga Rodas Maria Isabel , Reyes Guerrero Marco Aurelio
Published: June 2019

El síndrome Clínico Aislado (SCA) denota al primer síntoma neurológico sugestivo de esclerosis múltiple (EM), de por lo menos 24 horas de duración; en ausencia de fiebre, procesos infecciosos y encefalopatía. Se caracteriza por su presentación frecuente en adultos jóvenes y afecta al nervio óptico, hemisferios cerebrales, tronco encefálico o médula espinal. La estratificación temprana del SCA es indispensable ya que con herramientas predictoras clínicas, radiológicas y biológicas, se puede establecer el riesgo de conversión a EM. El uso de terapias modificadoras de la enfermedad (TME) en el primer evento desmielinizante, ha demostrado retrasar la conversión de SCA a esclerosis múltiple en un 44 a 50 %. Sin embargo, no todos los pacientes con SCA evolucionarán a EM, por lo que el estudio de diversos marcadores prónosticos permitirá reconocer el escenario ideal donde los pacientes se beneficien del inicio temprano de TME.
Importancia de la evaluación del neurodesarrollo en pacientes pediátricos con hemofilia
Authors: Huitrón Vázquez Blanca Estela , Prado-Romero Carlos , Osorio Guzmán Maricela , Bazán-Riverón Georgina Eugenia
Published: June 2019

La psicología del desarrollo se define como el estudio científico de los cambios que ocurren en las personas a lo largo de la vida; dichos cambios pueden verse afectados por las enfermedades crónicas, las cuales inciden en aspectos biológicos, psicológicos y sociales de quienes las padecen, como es el caso de la “hemofilia”. El objetivo de esta investigación es presentar los resultados de la evaluación de cinco pacientes pediátricos con hemofilia, para identificar sus habilidades de desarrollo, las áreas de oportunidad o zona real de desarrollo, y plantear/sugerir actividades a los cuidadores primarios para elevar sus competencias y/o mantener la calidad de vida de los niños; los instrumentos aplicados fueron la prueba de escrutinio del desarrollo de Denver II (Frankerburg y Dodds, 1990) y la prueba valoración de la conducta refleja y reacciones de defensa (Huitrón y Alvarado, 1998). Los resultados revelan que los participantes mostraron resultados diferentes en su desarrollo aun cuando mostraron tener los reflejos y reacciones de defensa esperados para su edad. Se concluye que en los participantes el padecer una enfermedad crónica que impacta su desarrollo cobra importancia fundamental la atención que se debe dar de manera interprofesional, involucrando a la familia y a la comunidad.
Simulación y engaño académico: En respuesta a “Réplica a Julio A. Piña López […]” de José Concepción Gaxiola Romero
Authors: Piña-López Julio Alfonso
Published: June 2019

En 2017 se publicó un artículo de nuestra autoría, en el que revisamos exhaustivamente tres trabajos de investigación publicados por José Concepción Gaxiola Romero y colaboradores entre 2012 y 2013. Los hallazgos principales que se reportaron fueron en esencia dos: por un lado, la repetición de más de una veintena de párrafos —iguales o con ligeras modificaciones— en los tres trabajos; por el otro, la fabricación y/o falsificación deliberada de los datos en dos de los tres. Recientemente apareció una supuesta réplica de Gaxiola, de cuya lectura se esperaba una basada en una sólida argumentación y en la presentación de evidencia tangible de que nuestros hallazgos estaban equivocados o que eventualmente se había malinterpretado algo; antes bien, aquél desvió la atención hacia otros asuntos que no tuvieron nada que ver con lo publicado por nosotros en 2017. En esta respuesta a su supuesta réplica, nos damos a la tarea de presentar evidencia adicional de cómo Gaxiola y colaboradores practican frecuentemente conductas éticamente inaceptables y conductas éticamente cuestionables, haciendo de la simulación y el engaño académico un modo de vida.
Spontaneous cholecystoduodenal fistula - spectrum of complications
Authors: Saponjski Dusan , Djuric-Stefanovic Aleksandra , Jankovic Aleksandra , Mitrovic-Jovanovic Milica , Kmezic Stefan , Mihajlovic Sladjana , Popovic Ivan , Saranovic Djordjije
Published: June 2019

Introduction. Spontaneous cholecystoduodenal fistula is a rare complication of the gallbladder calculosis. Bowel obstruction is the complication in less than 1% of these patients. The pathognomonic triad (Rigler triad) of pneumobilia, small-bowel distention, and ectopic gallstones is typical for gallstone ileus. In only 1?3% of the patients with bowel obstruction by ectopic gallstone the localization of obstruction is in the duodenum, and it is called Bouveret syndrome. The rarest complication is a floating non-obstructing gallstone trapped in the stomach. Outline of cases. We present three elderly female patients with persistent abdominal pain and known gallbladder calculosis in the patients? histories. Plain radiography of the thorax and abdomen and ultrasound were performed as the first choice and contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CT) was done subsequently. In the first patient, CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed signs of pneumobilia, cholecystoduodenal fistula, and the presence of the gallstone in the stomach. The iodine contrast X-ray swallow test revealed a cholecysto-duodenal bulb fistula and floating calculus in the stomach, confirmed by endoscopy. In the second patient with persistent abdominal pain, CT and barium swallow test showed signs of pneumobilia, cholecystoduodenal fistula, and two ectopic gallstones obstructing duodenum ? Bouveret syndrome. The third case showed signs of the Rigler triad ? typical signs of gallstone ileus. Conclusion. Spontaneous cholecystoduodenal fistula is a rare condition with possible complications such as Bouveret syndrome, gallstone ileus and floating, non-obstructive gallstones in the stomach, as the rarest possible complication. CT, MRI with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, as well as the contrast X-ray swallow test can be very helpful in the detection of the bilio-enteric fistula and ectopic gallstones.
Progressive Decline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients With Diabetes After Moderate Loss in Kidney Function—Even Without Albuminuria
Authors: Vistisen Dorte , Andersen Gregers Stig , Hulman Adam , Persson Frederik , Rossing Peter , Jørgensen Marit Eika
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE

Persons with diabetes but no chronic kidney disease (CKD) and without albuminuria have the same age-related decline in kidney function as the background population. Whether this also applies following moderate loss in kidney function is unknown. We quantified the impact of albuminuria status on the development of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectories following CKD stage 3 (CKD3) and assessed potential heterogeneous development patterns among the subgroup with normoalbuminuria.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We used repeated clinical measures during up to 16 years of follow-up in 935 persons with type 1 diabetes and 1,984 with type 2 diabetes. Trajectories of eGFR by diabetes type and albuminuria status following CKD3 were estimated with spline mixed-effects models with adjustment for relevant confounders. Latent class trajectory modeling was used to find distinct patterns of eGFR development in the subgroups with normoalbuminuria.

RESULTS

Mean annual declines in eGFR for normo-, micro- and macroalbuminuria the first 10 years following CKD3 were 1.9, 2.3, and 3.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 in type 1 diabetes and 1.9, 2.1, and 3.0 in type 2 diabetes, respectively. For normoalbuminuria, two distinct eGFR patterns were found, one with accelerated declining eGFR levels. This specific progression pattern was associated with less use of lipid-lowering treatment, renin-angiotensin system blockers, and other antihypertensive treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results support a diabetes-dependent decline in kidney function without albuminuria following CKD3, with a subgroup showing a progressive decline. Furthermore, this group seems to be undertreated in terms of cardioprotective and renal protective treatment and suggests that increased attention should be drawn to normoalbuminuric diabetic kidney disease.