bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contexts of urgency may go beyond emotion
Authors: Elliott Matthew V. , John Oliver P. , Allen J. D. , Johnson Sheri L.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Urgency has been defined as the tendency towards rash speech and behavior in the context of emotion. Measures of Urgency have been found to have robust predictive power for psychopathologies and problematic behaviors. In the current study, we question whether emotions are unique drivers of urgency, or if emotions are potent exemplars of contexts that lead to rash speech and behavior. The Emotion Specific model and the Broader Contexts model correspond with these two conceptualizations of urgency, and they frame our pre-registered hypotheses.

Methods

Participants from two well-powered samples (n = 600,n = 588) completed 9 modified items from the Urgency and Positive Urgency scales to assess rash responses in each of four contexts – “Upset,” “Excited,” “Tired,” and “Hungry” – and a fifth “In General” set. After data cleaning, we used principal components analysis to construct a unidimensional, 4-item set that was applied to capture impulsive behavior across the five contexts.

Results

We found that this research tool, called the Contexts of Impulsive Behaviors (CIBS), replicated in the second dataset, and it had adequate internal reliability in both samples. Although the Emotion Specific model was supported by the fact that the Upset context had a greater mean and greater variance than the Tired and Hungry contexts, most results supported the Broader Contexts model. That is, CIBS contexts were highly intercorrelated, and bivariate correlations with psychopathology were not significantly different across contexts. In partial correlations, effects of the Upset and Excited contexts were partially or fully statistically mediated by the Tired and Hungry contexts.

Discussion

These findings suggest that emotions are potent contexts for impulsive behaviors. At the same time, those with high urgency are vulnerable to impulsivity in other contexts, such as fatigue and hunger, that challenge the regulatory functions of the prefrontal cortex. Limitations, future directions, and clinical implications are discussed.
Working alliance and its link to guidance in an internet-based intervention for depressive disorders: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Haaf Raoul , Schefft Cora , Krämer Rico , Klein Jan Philipp , Köhler Stephan
Published: September 2024

Background

Guided Internet-based interventions (IBIs) are typically found to be more effective than unguided ones, but the reasons behind this are not well understood. The therapist-client working alliance, crucial in face-to-face psychotherapy, is also increasingly recognized as an important factor in IBIs. This study examines trajectories of the working alliance and its relationship to therapeutic guidance through a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on Selfapy, a 12-week IBI based on cognitive behavioral therapy for depressive disorders. The trial compared a therapist-guided version (with weekly calls) to an unguided version (n = 301, mean age 37 years, 83% female, mean BDI-II = 30.09).

Methods

Based on an intention-to-treat approach, this study investigates within- and between-group differences in the quality of the working alliance, assessed with the WAI-SR questionnaire at mid- and post-treatment via repeated measures ANOVA. Furthermore, correlations and mediation analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between the working alliance and outcomes, as well as adherence parameters.

Results

Findings indicate that the IBI was successful in fostering a robust working alliance in both intervention groups, with similar ratings at mid-treatment but significantly higher ratings in the guided group at post-treatment (Cohen’s d = -0.38). Post-treatment working alliance scores were positively linked to symptom reduction at post-treatment (guided: r = .25, unguided r = .15) and follow-up (guided: r = .25, unguided: r = .17). In the unguided group, the association was primarily driven by the subscale task. Serial mediation analysis indicated that the relationship between guidance and outcomes at follow-up was mediated by working alliance (b = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.14, 1.22) and a link between working alliance and adherence (b = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.34).

Conclusions

Considering limitations like using a questionnaire developed for face-to-face therapy, findings support the importance of the working alliance in guided IBIs, while also providing new insights into its role and formation in unguided IBIs. The potential benefits of a strong working alliance, notably by improving adherence, may prove crucial for integrating guided as well as unguided IBIs into routine use, indicating the need for additional research in this context.

Clinical Trial Registration

https://tinyurl.com/2p9h5hnx, German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00017191.
Exploring the interplay of clinical, ethical and societal dynamics: two decades of Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) on psychiatric grounds in the Netherlands and Belgium
Authors: Verhofstadt Monica , Marijnissen Radboud , Creemers Daan , Rasing Sanne , Schweren Lizanne , Sterckx Sigrid , Titeca Koen , van Veen Sisco , Pronk Rosalie
Published: September 2024

This paper explores recently emerging challenges in Medical Assistance in Dying on Psychiatric Grounds (MAID-PG), focusing on ethical, clinical, and societal perspectives. Two themes are explored. First, the growing number of young MAID-PG requestors and the public platform given to MAID-PG requests. Ethically, media portrayal, particularly of young patients’ testimonials, requires scrutiny for oversimplification, acknowledging the potential for a Werther effect alongside the absence of a Papageno effect. This highlights the need for better communication policies for media purposes. Second, cautionary considerations regarding psychiatric care adequacy are addressed. In MAID-PG this includes reasons underlying psychiatrist reluctance to engage in MAID-PG trajectories, leading to growing waiting lists at end-of-life-care centers. Addressing current shortages in psychiatric care adequacy is crucial, necessitating less narrow focus on short-term care trajectories and recovery beside transdiagnostic treatment approaches, expanded palliative care strategies, and integrated MAID-PG care.
The effects of psychological safety and employee voice behavior on flight attendants’ mindful safety practices adoption
Authors: Hu Shi , Nadeem Muhammad Aamir , Luo Ji , Yi Xiaobo
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Flight attendants, as the front-line staff in the cabin, play a crucial role in improving air travel safety. This research explores how psychological safety affects flight attendants’ adoption of mindful safety practices through voice participation. This mechanism also identifies ethical leadership and traditionality as two moderators.

Methods

A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data from 621 flight attendants in Chinese private commercial airline companies. PLS-SEM (partial least square structured equation modeling) is used to examine the hypotheses proposed in the present study.

Results

After data analysis, the results reveal that the underlying mechanism covering both mediating and moderating effects through which flight attendants’ voluntary and extra-role safety behavior could be improved.

Discussion

The findings extend the existing literature regarding the antecedents of flight attendants’ mindful safety practices adoption and obstacles to employee voice participation. Managerial implications are also provided in the commercial aviation industry and discussed along with future research directions.
The relationship between multimorbidity and cognitive function in older Chinese adults: based on propensity score matching
Authors: Zhang Yumeng , Yuan Xiaoli , Jiang Zhixia , Hu Rujun , Liang Heting , Mao Qingyun , Xiong Yan , Zhang Jiabi , Liu Mi
Published: September 2024

Objective

The goal of this study was to further validate the effect of multimorbidity on cognitive performance in older adults after controlling for confounders using propensity score matching (PSM).

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of older adult people aged 60 years or older selected by convenience sampling was conducted in seven medical institutions, three communities, and five nursing homes in Zunyi City, Guizhou Province. The data collected included general information, health-related information, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. Variables were controlled for confounders by PSM to analyze differences in cognitive ability between multimorbidity and nonmultimorbidity older adults. Logistic regression and multivariate-adjusted restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves for matched samples were used to assess the relationship between multimorbidity and cognitive decline.

Results

A total of 14,175 respondents were enrolled, and the mean age of the participants included in this study was 71.26 ± 7.1 years, including 7,170 (50. 58%) of the participants were males, 7,005 (49.42%) were females, and 5,482 participants (38.67%) were screened for cognitive decline. After PSM, logistic regression analysis revealed that multimorbidity was a risk factor for cognitive decline (OR = 1.392, 95% CI = 1.271–1.525, p < 0.001). The RCS show that the risk of cognitive decline is always greater in older adults with multimorbidity than in older adults without multimorbidity at the same age. Age, sex, marital status, educational level, monthly income, drinking status, participation in social activities, and exercise were influential factors for cognitive decline in older adults (p < 0.05). The incidence of cognitive decline in older adults with multimorbidity was also greater than that in older adults with one chronic disease (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The risk of cognitive decline in older adults with multimorbidity is greater than that in older adults without multimorbidity; therefore, the government should strengthen the prevention and treatment of multimorbidity in older adults to further protect their cognitive abilities.
Regional disparities in health literacy for chronic diseases: focusing on healthcare resources and local extinction index
Authors: Ji Seokmin , Kwon Young Gyu , Lee Hyunseo , Shin Chaehwan , Sohn Minsung , Choi Mankyu
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study compared disparities between community health characteristics and health literacy levels for hypertension and diabetes by combining community-level characteristics, such as the local extinction index and healthcare resources, with individual-level characteristics based on the Andersen healthcare utilization model.

Method

Data obtained from the 2017, 2019, and 2021 Community Health Surveys, Korean Statistical Information Service, and National Health Insurance Service were analyzed. The analyses included spatial analysis, propensity score matching, and cross-analysis.

Results

Twenty-five extinction-risk regions (ERRs) were identified in 2017, 26 in 2019, and 29 in 2021, indicating a high risk of extinction and insufficient healthcare resources in non-metropolitan regions. Based on analyses of demographic changes and unmet medical needs at the individual level, we observed increased age and economic activity, decreased healthcare access, and lower education levels in ERRs compared to non-extinction-risk regions (NERRs). No significant differences were found between the regions regarding diagnosis or medication use concerning the health literacy gap for hypertension and diabetes. However, individuals in ERRs were significantly less likely than those in NERRs to be aware of such diseases or educated about their management.

Discussion

Given that healthcare services in ERRs focus on chronic disease management rather than prevention, we propose two directions to reduce health disparities in ERRs. First, the government should encourage cooperation with private healthcare organizations to ensure the provision of health education programs in vulnerable areas. Second, improvements in awareness and education regarding chronic disease management can be achieved through digital healthcare and telemedicine. This study identifies regional disparities in chronic disease prevention and management, providing a basis for policies to ensure healthier communities with health equity.
The effect of different traditional Chinese exercises on bone mineral density in menopausal women: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Hou Jun , Mao Haiping , Xie Peiyao , Cui Yuemei , Rong Ming
Published: September 2024

Objective

To evaluate the optimal choice of traditional Chinese exercise (TCE) for improving bone mineral density in postmenopausal women through a network meta-analysis.

Methods

The Chinese and English databases were searched, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP, PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. The outcomes included BMD of lumbar L2-L4, femoral neck, ward triangle, and greater trochanter. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the correlation between each group of interventions, and surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) was used to rank the best interventions.

Results

A total of 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 1933 subjects and six interventions: [Tai Chi (TC), Baduanjin (BDJ), Wuqinxi (WQX), Yijinjing (YJJ), TA (Tai chi plus calcium supplementation), BA (Baduanjin plus calcium supplementation)] and three control measures: [Calcium supplementation (CA), Aerobic exercise (AE), Not exercise intervention (NEI)] were analyzed. Regarding BMD of lumbar L2-L4: TC [SMD = 0.99 (0.62, 1.37)], BDJ [SMD = 2.12 (1.39, 2.85)], TA [SMD = 1.12(0.17, 2.07)], BA [SMD = 2.24 (1.16, 3.31)] were superior in increasing BMD of lumbar L2-L4 relative to NEI. Regarding BMD of femoral neck: TC [SMD = 1.24 (0.70, 1.78)], BA [SMD = 3.77 (1.98, 5.56)] were superior in increasing BMD of femoral neck relative to NEI. Regarding BMD of ward’s triangle: TC [SMD = 1.63 (1.09, 2.17)] was superior in increasing BMD of ward’s triangle relative to NEI. Regarding BMD of greater trochanter: TC [SMD = 0.98 (0.28, 1.68)] were superior in increasing BMD of greater trochanter relative to NEI. TC topped the SUCRA with BMD of lumbar L2-L4: 53.8, femoral neck: 74.9, ward’s triangle: 86.9 and greater trochanter: 77.7.

Conclusion

Four TCE (TC, BDJ, TA and BA) are all effective in partially improving BMD indicators in postmenopausal women, while TC was effective on all four BMD indicators, which seems to be recommended as the most suitable exercise modality for postmenopausal women.

Systematic review registration

This research follows the PRISMA Network statement. The protocol for this study has been registered in the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). CRD42023414944.
Development and evaluation of a model for predicting the risk of healthcare-associated infections in patients admitted to intensive care units
Authors: Wang Jin , Wang Gan , Wang Yujie , Wang Yun
Published: September 2024

This retrospective study used 10 machine learning algorithms to predict the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). A total of 2,517 patients treated in the ICU of a tertiary hospital in China from January 2019 to December 2023 were included, of whom 455 (18.1%) developed an HAI. Data on 32 potential risk factors for infection were considered, of which 18 factors that were statistically significant on single-factor analysis were used to develop a machine learning prediction model using the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE). The main HAIs were respiratory tract infections (28.7%) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (25.0%), and were predominantly caused by gram-negative bacteria (78.8%). The CatBoost model showed good predictive performance (area under the curve: 0.944, and sensitivity 0.872). The 10 most important predictors of HAIs in this model were the Penetration Aspiration Scale score, Braden score, high total bilirubin level, female, high white blood cell count, Caprini Risk Score, Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 score, low eosinophil count, medium white blood cell count, and the Glasgow Coma Scale score. The CatBoost model accurately predicted the occurrence of HAIs and could be used in clinical practice.
A systems approach to growing the UK electronics and appliance repair economy
Authors: Purkiss Danielle , Pencheva Polina , Munro Beth , Miodownik Mark
Published: September 2024

The UK has a growing problem in the fast and unsustainable accumulation of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment, causing a wide range of negative environmental and social impacts. The UK repair economy, by its nature, is a complex system involving an interplay of legislative (i.e., policy, law, regulation), social (i.e., education, health, wellbeing), economic (i.e., fiscal, business models, supply chains) and environmental aspects (i.e., materials and energy use, greenhouse gas emissions), and stakeholders (i.e., citizens, educators, repair professionals, producers, waste processors, policymakers) at a range of scales (i.e., local, national, and global). Growing a successful UK repair economy can help tackle many negative environmental and social impacts including reducing electronic waste, material consumption, mitigating supply chain risk, and regional inequality. To do this, the needs and interactions of stakeholders at local, national and global level should be supported via coordinated policy and regulation initiatives. This article takes a systems approach to understanding the UK repair economy, identifying key policy and regulatory aspects and opportunities for action and development across global, national, and local contexts to help it grow.
The impact of BRICS trade facilitation on China’s import and export trade in agricultural products
Authors: Xin Gao , Khan Humayun , Ling Xin
Published: September 2024

Trade facilitation is essential for enhancing the import and export of agricultural products between China and BRICS countries. Improving trade efficiency and identifying potential opportunities contribute to establishing formal cooperation mechanisms among nations, laying a robust foundation for the development and collaboration of BRICS countries post-expansion. This study developed a comprehensive indicator system and employed principal component analysis to assess trade facilitation levels among BRICS member states. Additionally, we employed a stochastic frontier gravity model to examine the trade efficiency and potential impact of BRICS trade facilitation on China’s agricultural imports and exports from 2009 to 2022. The findings suggest that the overall level of trade facilitation in BRICS countries remains relatively low, with considerable scope for enhancement. The United Arab Emirates exhibits the highest level of trade facilitation, whereas Ethiopia shows the lowest. Factors such as economic status, business environment, and advancements in technology positively influence trade efficiency, while inadequate infrastructure impedes it. A notable disparity exists in the average trade efficiency of agricultural imports and exports between China and BRICS countries, with Russia displaying the highest efficiency and Iran the lowest. Brazil demonstrates significant trade potential, whereas the trade demand between Iran and China is comparatively minimal. The results are important for policymakers, pointing to the need for specialized trade policies and agricultural management strategies that reflect the diverse characteristics and challenges within BRICS economies.
Unraveling the dynamic changes of volatile compounds during the rolling process of Congou black tea via GC-E-nose and GC–MS
Authors: Wang Qiwei , Shi Daliang , Hu Jiajing , Tang Jiahao , Zhou Xianxiu , Wang Lilei , Xie Jialing , Jiang Yongwen , Yuan Haibo , Yang Yanqin
Published: September 2024

Rolling plays an important role in shaping the characteristic quality of black tea. However, the dynamic alterations in volatile compounds during the rolling process remain unclear, which hampers the quality control of black tea. In this study, the dynamic changes of volatile compounds in Congou black tea throughout the rolling process were explored by a combination of GC-E-Nose and GC–MS analysis. The results of PCA and PLS-DA by GC-E-Nose revealed significant alterations in the volatile profiles, particularly at the 15-min rolling stage. A total of 82 volatile compounds including eight categories were identified in Congou black tea during the rolling process. The most abundant volatiles were aldehydes, alcohols, and esters. Through the integration of variable importance in the projection >1 and p < 0.05, 21 volatile compounds were pinpointed as pivotal volatiles responsible for distinguishing diverse rolling processes. According to their pathways, glycoside-derived volatiles (GDVs) (such as linalool and geraniol) and fatty acid-derived volatiles (FADVs) (such as (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol and hexanal) highlighted the pivotal role in the formation of the aroma of black tea during rolling process. GDVs, characterized by floral, honeyed, and fruity aromas, reached the lowest point at 35-min rolling and subsequently rebounded. FADVs exhibited an ascending trajectory during the initial 15-min rolling, followed by a downward trend. These findings provide invaluable insights into the aroma evolution during the rolling stage, offering strategies for enhancing the aroma quality of Congou black tea.
Building virtual patients using simulation-based inference
Authors: Paul Nathalie , Karamitsou Venetia , Giegerich Clemens , Sadeghi Afshin , Lücke Moritz , Wagenhuber Britta , Kister Alexander , Rehberg Markus
Published: September 2024

In the context of in silico clinical trials, mechanistic computer models for pathophysiology and pharmacology (here Quantitative Systems Pharmacology models, QSP) can greatly support the decision making for drug candidates and elucidate the (potential) response of patients to existing and novel treatments. These models are built on disease mechanisms and then parametrized using (clinical study) data. Clinical variability among patients is represented by alternative model parameterizations, called virtual patients. Despite the complexity of disease modeling itself, using individual patient data to build these virtual patients is particularly challenging given the high-dimensional, potentially sparse and noisy clinical trial data. In this work, we investigate the applicability of simulation-based inference (SBI), an advanced probabilistic machine learning approach, for virtual patient generation from individual patient data and we develop and evaluate the concept of nearest patient fits (SBI NPF), which further enhances the fitting performance. At the example of rheumatoid arthritis where prediction of treatment response is notoriously difficult, our experiments demonstrate that the SBI approaches can capture large inter-patient variability in clinical data and can compete with standard fitting methods in the field. Moreover, since SBI learns a probability distribution over the virtual patient parametrization, it naturally provides the probability for alternative parametrizations. The learned distributions allow us to generate highly probable alternative virtual patient populations for rheumatoid arthritis, which could potentially enhance the assessment of drug candidates if used for in silico trials.
Extrahepatic Bile Duct Organoids as a Model to Study Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury During Liver Transplantation
Authors: Kreiner P. , Eggenhofer E. , Schneider L. , Rejas C. , Goetz M. , Bogovic N. , Brunner S. M. , Evert K. , Schlitt H. J. , Geissler E. K. , Junger H.
Published: September 2024

Biliary complications are still a major cause for morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation (LT). Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) leads to disruption of the biliary epithelium. We introduce a novel model to study the effect of IRI on human cholangiocytes using extrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ECOs). Extrahepatic bile duct tissue was collected during LT at static cold storage and after reperfusion (n = 15); gallbladder tissue was used for controls (n = 5). ECOs (n = 9) were cultured from extrahepatic biliary tissue, with IRI induced in an atmosphere of 95% air (nitrogen), 1% O2 and 5% CO2for 48 h, followed by 24 h of reoxygenation. Qualitative and quantitative histology and qRT-PCR were performed to discern phenotype, markers of hypoxia, programmed cell death and proliferation. ECOs self-organized into circular structures resembling biliary architecture containing cholangiocytes that expressed EpCAM, CK19, LGR5 and SOX-9. After hypoxia, ECOs showed increased expression of VEGF A (p < 0.0001), SLC2A1 (p < 0.0001) and ACSL4 (p < 0.0001) to indicate response to hypoxic damage and subsequent programmed cell death. Increase in cyclin D1 (p < 0.0001) after reoxygenation indicated proliferative activity in ECOs. Therefore, ECO structure and response to IRI are comparable to that found in-vivo, providing a suitable model to study IRI of the bile duct in-vitro.
GFI-YOLOv8: Sika Deer Posture Recognition Target Detection Method Based on YOLOv8
Authors: Gong He , Liu Jingyi , Li Zhipeng , Zhu Hang , Luo Lan , Li Haoxu , Hu Tianli , Guo Ying , Mu Ye
Published: September 2024

As the sika deer breeding industry flourishes on a large scale, accurately assessing the health of these animals is of paramount importance. Implementing posture recognition through target detection serves as a vital method for monitoring the well-being of sika deer. This approach allows for a more nuanced understanding of their physical condition, ensuring the industry can maintain high standards of animal welfare and productivity. In order to achieve remote monitoring of sika deer without interfering with the natural behavior of the animals, and to enhance animal welfare, this paper proposes a sika deer individual posture recognition detection algorithm GFI-YOLOv8 based on YOLOv8. Firstly, this paper proposes to add the iAFF iterative attention feature fusion module to the C2f of the backbone network module, replace the original SPPF module with AIFI module, and use the attention mechanism to adjust the feature channel adaptively. This aims to enhance granularity, improve the model’s recognition, and enhance understanding of sika deer behavior in complex scenes. Secondly, a novel convolutional neural network module is introduced to improve the efficiency and accuracy of feature extraction, while preserving the model’s depth and diversity. In addition, a new attention mechanism module is proposed to expand the receptive field and simplify the model. Furthermore, a new pyramid network and an optimized detection head module are presented to improve the recognition and interpretation of sika deer postures in intricate environments. The experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves 91.6% accuracy in recognizing the posture of sika deer, with a 6% improvement in accuracy and a 4.6% increase in mAP50 compared to YOLOv8n. Compared to other models in the YOLO series, such as YOLOv5n, YOLOv7-tiny, YOLOv8n, YOLOv8s, YOLOv9, and YOLOv10, this model exhibits higher accuracy, and improved mAP50 and mAP50-95 values. The overall performance is commendable, meeting the requirements for accurate and rapid identification of the posture of sika deer. This model proves beneficial for the precise and real-time monitoring of sika deer posture in complex breeding environments and under all-weather conditions.
Machine Learning-Based Retrieval of Total Ozone Column Amount and Cloud Optical Depth from Irradiance Measurements
Authors: Sztipanov Milos , Krizsán Levente , Li Wei , Stamnes Jakob J. , Svendby Tove , Stamnes Knut
Published: September 2024

A machine learning algorithm combined with measurements obtained by a NILU-UV irradiance meter enables the determination of total ozone column (TOC) amount and cloud optical depth (COD). In the New York City area, a NILU-UV instrument on the rooftop of a Stevens Institute of Technology building (40.74° N, −74.03° E) has been used to collect data for several years. Inspired by a previous study [Opt. Express 22, 19595 (2014)], this research presents an updated neural-network-based method for TOC and COD retrievals. This method provides reliable results under heavy cloud conditions, and a convenient algorithm for the simultaneous retrieval of TOC and COD values. The TOC values are presented for 2014–2023, and both were compared with results obtained using the look-up table (LUT) method and measurements by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), deployed on NASA’s AURA satellite. COD results are also provided.
Towards Air Quality Protection in an Urban Area—Case Study
Authors: Nahorski Zbigniew , Holnicki Piotr , Kałuszko Andrzej
Published: September 2024

Warsaw is among European cities with the worst atmospheric air quality, mainly due to very high pollution emitted by the residential sector and road traffic. This results in high concentrations of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides, often exceeding WHO standards. The paper discusses the current and expected effects of actions taken by the Warsaw authorities, to significantly improve air quality in the city. The policy directly addresses one of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 11, Sustainable Cities and Communities). The analysis presented in the paper consists of two stages. The first, covering the years 2018–2029, deals with the ongoing Clean Air Program, which assumes primarily the reduction, and ultimately the complete elimination, of coal combustion in all heat sources of the residential sector. This sector is widely identified as the main source of urban air quality degradation, especially in Polish cities due to the dominant share of coal in the fuel mix. The second part of the corrective measures, covering the period 2024–2034, primarily concerns the reduction of nitrogen oxide pollution, mainly from traffic. The latter takes into account the expected effects of the introduction of a Low-emission Zone (LEZ) in the city center (launched in July 2024) and implemented in five two-year stages, in which car emission limits will be gradually tightened. According to the analysis results, the implementation of the Clean Air Program can result in about a 20% reduction in annual average PM2.5 concentrations by 2024, with a small (about 9%) reduction in NOx. At the same time, a significant reduction in NOx levels can be achieved by full implementation of the LEZ, especially within the zone boundaries (more than 50%). An important factor here is the size of the zone. The paper compares the effectiveness of two being considered versions, differing in size zones.
Special Issue “Phytohormones 2022–2023”
Authors: Kudoyarova Guzel , Akhiyarova Guzel
Published: September 2024

The hormonal system plays a decisive role in controlling plant growth and development [...]
Advancing Biomechanical Simulations: A Novel Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model for Flexible Beam Analysis
Authors: Hahnemann Yannis , Weiss Manuel , Bernek Markus , Boblan Ivo , Götz Sebastian
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the adaptation of pseudo-rigid-body models (PRBMs) for simulating large geometric nonlinear deflections in passive exoskeletons, expanding upon their traditional application in small compliant systems. Utilizing the AnyBody modeling system, this study employs force-dependent kinematics to reverse the conventional simulation process, enabling the calculation of forces from the deformation of PRBMs. A novel approach, termed “Constraint Force”, is introduced to facilitate this computation. The approach is thoroughly validated through comparative analysis with laboratory trials involving a beam under bending loads. To demonstrate the functionality, the final segment of this study conducts a biomechanical simulation incorporating motion capture data from a lifting test, employing a novel passive exoskeleton equipped with flexible spring elements. The approach is meticulously described to enable easy adaptation, with an example code for practical application. The findings present a user-friendly and visually appealing simulation solution capable of effectively modeling complex mechanical load cases. However, the validation process highlights significant systematic errors in the direction and amplitude of the calculated forces (20% and 35%, respectively, in the worst loading case) compared to the laboratory results. These discrepancies emphasize the inherent accuracy challenges of the “Constraint Force” approach, pointing to areas for ongoing research and enhancement of PRBM methods.
Feasibility Study of Nivolumab in Combination with Carboplatin Plus Paclitaxel and Concurrent Thoracic Radiation in Patients with Untreated Unresectable Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yamanaka Yuta , Ota Takayo , Masuoka Yutaka , Takeyasu Yuki , Nakamura Satoaki , Terashima Masaaki , Yoshioka Hiroshige , Fukuoka Masahiro , Kurata Takayasu
Published: September 2024

Despite advancements in diagnosing and treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the prognosis remains poor. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promise in enhancing survival rates. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the safety of nivolumab administration with concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) in patients with unresectable locally advanced NSCLC. Twelve patients with unresectable locally advanced NSCLC at Kansai Medical University Hospital and Izumi City General Medical Center were enrolled from May 2018 to September 2020. They received nivolumab (360 mg) tri-weekly twice, weekly carboplatin (AUC 2 min × mg/mL) and paclitaxel (40 mg/m2) for 6 weeks, and thoracic radiotherapy (60 Gy/30 fractions), followed by maintenance nivolumab therapy (360 mg, tri-weekly) for 6 months. The primary endpoint was incidence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and the secondary endpoints included safety, response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), 2-year survival rate, and treatment completion rate. Three patients completed the protocol. Nine discontinued due directly to interstitial pneumonia (three) and pneumonia (one). Ten patients (83.3%) experienced a grade 3 or higher event, of which three (25%) experienced a grade 4 or higher event, and of these, one (8.3%) experienced a grade 5 event. Three patients experienced DLTs. Concurrent nivolumab with CCRT was tolerated in unresectable locally advanced NSCLC, which offers potential treatment benefits.
Current Approaches for the Prevention and Treatment of Acute and Chronic GVHD
Authors: Olivieri Attilio , Mancini Giorgia
Published: September 2024

Whereas aGVHD has strong inflammatory components, cGVHD displays autoimmune and fibrotic features; incidence and risk factors are similar but not identical; indeed, the aGVHD is the main risk factor for cGVHD. Calcineurin Inhibitors (CNI) with either Methotrexate (MTX) or Mycophenolate (MMF) still represent the standard prophylaxis in HLA-matched allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); other strategies focused on ATG, Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide (PTCy), Abatacept and graft manipulation. Despite the high rate, first-line treatment for aGVHD is represented by corticosteroids, and Ruxolitinib is the standard second-line therapy; investigational approaches include Microbiota transplant and the infusion of Mesenchymal stem cells. GVHD is a pleiotropic disease involving any anatomical district; also, Ruxolitinib represents the standard for steroid-refractory cGVHD in this setting. It is a pleiotropic disease involving any anatomical district; also, Ruxolitinib represents the standard for steroid-refractory cGVHD in this setting. Extracorporeal Photopheresis (ECP) is still an option used for steroid refractoriness or to achieve a steroid-sparing. For Ruxolitinib-refractory cGVHD, Belumosudil and Axatilimab represent the most promising agents. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) still represents a challenge; among the compounds targeting non-immune effectors, Alvelestat, a Neutrophil elastase inhibitor, seems promising in BOS. Finally, in both aGVHD and cGVHD, the association of biological markers with specific disease manifestations could help refine risk stratification and the availability of reliable biomarkers for specific treatments.
Cluster of Differentiation Markers and Human Leukocyte Antigen Expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients: Correlations and Clinical Relevance
Authors: Tizu Maria , Calenic Bogdan , Constantinescu Alexandra-Elena , Bratei Alexandru Adrian , Stoia Razvan Antonio , Popa Mihnea Catalin-Gabriel , Constantinescu Ileana
Published: September 2024

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a distinct category of lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by the clonal expansion of mature B cells, followed by their accumulation in primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Cluster of differentiation (CD) markers such as CD79b, CD45, CD23, CD22 and CD81 serve as reliable prognostic indicators in CLL as well as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) with its well-documented associations with various cancers. This study aims to investigate, for the first time, potential connections between HLA typing and CD marker expression in CLL. Although it is one of the most prevalent neoplasms, there is a need for biomarkers that can improve survival. This study included 66 CLL patients and 100 controls, with all samples analyzed using biochemical methods, flow cytometry, and cytomorphology. Next-generation sequencing was performed for HLA typing. The results indicate that several CD markers are statistically associated with different HLA alleles, specifically CD45 with HLA-C*07:01:01; CD79b with HLA-DPA1*02:01:02; CD23 with HLA-B*39:01:01; CD22 with HLA-B*49:01:01, HLA-C*07:01:01, HLA-DPB1*02:01:02, and HLA-DRB1*07:01:01; and CD81 with HLA-DPB1*04:02:01, HLA-DQA1*01:04:01, and HLA-DQB1*05:03:01. In conclusion, this research demonstrates significant statistical links between HLA genes and immunophenotypic markers in CLL patients, shedding new light on the immunological context of CLL.
Analysis of Nutritional Traits: Natural Variation within 90 Diverse Faba Bean (Vicia faba) Genotypes and Daily Value Contribution
Authors: Hacisalihoglu Gokhan
Published: September 2024

Identifying food plant germplasm with superior seed nutritional values is important in helping alleviate nutrient mineral deficiencies. Faba bean (Vicia faba), a highly nutritious, protein-rich legume, is an important crop plant grown in the U.S. and globally. Therefore, the goals of this study were to quantify the levels of K, P, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Fe, Cu, B, and Mn in the seeds of 90 faba bean genotypes. Additionally, we evaluated percent daily values (%DV) based on U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendations. Macro- and micronutrient concentrations varied among faba bean genotypes. Seed Zn was positively correlated with seed P and Cu contents. Moreover, the Mn level was greater in faba beans with the highest concentrations of P, S, and Ca. The results of the present study demonstrate that there is significant variation in seed mineral nutrients among faba beans. We identified a set of faba beans with superior nutrient composition that could be potentially useful in genetic improvement studies and in addressing global future food security challenges. These findings will help global food security by achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal Two, which is to achieve food security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.
Spectral Characteristics of Nitrogen-Doped CVD Synthetic Diamonds and the Origin of Surface Blue Fluorescence
Authors: Zhang Yu , Shi Guanghai , Xie Zixuan
Published: September 2024

In recent years, many studies have been published on CVD diamond growth, but the reason for the irregular blue surface fluorescence of CVD diamond under ultra-deep UV radiation (i.e., under DiamondView) is still unclear. Here, a batch of as-grown and LPHT-annealed CVD synthetic diamond samples from a Chinese company in Zhejiang were analyzed for the various spectral (infrared (IR), UV–visible absorption, Raman, and photoluminescence (PL)) characteristics to explore the origin of surface blue fluorescence. The results show that the samples are nitrogen-doped type IIa CVD synthetic diamonds. Spectral peaks of the earlier CVD products, e.g., 3123 cm−1 (NVH0) (IR absorption spectrum) and 596/597 nm (PL emission spectrum), are absent in these samples, while the peaks at 736.5/736.8 nm (SiV−) in the UV or PL spectra are less common. PL spectra and DiamondView fluorescence indicate that the samples have generally strong luminescence peaks at 637 nm in the NV− center, 575 nm in the NV0 center, and other luminescence peaks caused by nitrogen-related defects. The as-grown samples observed under DiamondView show orange-red fluorescence accompanied by striations due to step-flow growth, and blue fluorescence appears as irregular threads or bundles on the surface. The LPHT-annealed sample shows weaker fluorescence with localized patches of green fluorescence contributed by weak H3 centers. The micro-IR spectra suggest that the unique blue fluorescence in the CVD diamond may be related to the dislocations caused by sp3-CH2 due to the incomplete dehydrogenation of hydrocarbon groups in the raw material.
Response of Live Oak Regeneration to Planting Density, Fertilizer, and Mulch
Authors: Innusa Brianne N. , Burney Owen T. , Jacobs Douglass F.
Published: September 2024

Maritime forests are coastal ecosystems that stabilize coastlines, recharge aquifers, and provide protection against storm surges. The range of these forests has been decreasing due to threats such as urban expansion, clearing for agriculture, climate change, and an influx of native but competitive loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) from pine plantations. To restore maritime forests, southern live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.) should be established as the dominant canopy species; however, knowledge of how to grow live oak in a restoration setting is limited. We planted southern live oak seedlings into a clearcut experimental site that was formerly a loblolly pine plantation. Our goal was to test how planting density (1, 2, or 3 m), mulch, and fertilization at planting impacted the initial growth of seedlings over the course of four growing seasons. The application of fertilizer had an initial positive effect on seedling diameter (36%) after the first growing season. The application of mulch increased seedling height in years 2 through 4 (25.6% to 22.7%), diameter in years 3 and 4 (20.9% to 19.3%), and crown width in year four (8.5%). Planting density had no consistent effect over the first four years. These results demonstrate the potential benefits of incorporating fertilizer and mulch into restoration prescriptions to promote seedling field establishment. Planting density should continue to be monitored through canopy closure for potential effects of plant facilitation. Integrating silvicultural treatments such as planting density, soil amendments, and vegetation control may inform cost-effective management recommendations for maritime forest restoration.
Tree Growth in Relation to Climate Change: Understanding the Impact on Species Worldwide
Authors: Messaoud Yassine
Published: September 2024

Climate change is one of the most important environmental issues of our time, which has profound effects on ecosystems all over the world [...]
Uncovering the Hidden Potential of Phytoene Production by the Fungus Blakeslea trispora
Authors: Mantzouridou Fani Th , Sferopoulou Elpida , Thanou Panagiota
Published: September 2024

Phytoene is an uncommon linear carotene within the carotenoid group as it is colorless due to its short chromophore. Recent research constitutes a relatively new area which has emerged from phytoene’s importance as a major dietary carotenoid promoting health and appearance. Its resources point to the potential of biotechnological production systems. Our work has been designed to study the efficacy of two colored carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors, diphenylamine and 2-methyl imidazole, and one sterol biosynthesis inhibitor, terbinafine, to modify the metabolic flux in mated cultures of Blakeslea trispora to achieve maximum phytoene production. Bioprocess kinetics optimized by response surface methodology and monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed maximum phytoene content (5.02 mg/g dry biomass) and yield (203.91 mg/L culture medium) comparable or even higher than those reported for other potent phytoene microbial producers. The in vivo antioxidant activity of phytoene-rich carotenoid extract from fungal cells was also considered and discussed.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Features of a Chinese Cohort with Retinal Hemangioblastoma
Authors: Gao Liqin , Zhang Feng , Hejtmancik J. Fielding , Jiao Xiaodong , Jia Liyun , Peng Xiaoyan , Ma Kai , Li Qian
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To delineate the genotype and phenotype of RH in a Chinese cohort. Methods: A group of 51 Chinese probands with RH across 76 eyes was assembled and underwent complete retinal imaging examinations. Sanger sequencing and universal primer quantitative fluorescent multiplex–polymerase chain reaction (UPQFM-PCR) were employed for mutation detection in the coding region of the Von Hippel–Lindal (VHL) gene. For frequency calculation, our series was combined with three large cohorts of East Asian descent through a literature review. Results: The Von Hippel–Lindal (VHL) syndrome was excluded in fifteen patients (median age: 32.00 years) with unilateral solitary RH. Thirty-six patients of younger ages (median: 22.00 years, p = 0.008, Mann–Whitney test) conformed to the diagnostic criteria of the VHL syndrome, and thirty-four patients were genetically confirmed. There were four novel variants identified in the VHL gene. Codons 167, 161 and 86 exhibited a mutation occurrence of more than 5% after pooling with literature data, and the large genomic deletion demonstrated a frequency of 17.65%. The RHs were classified as “extrapapillary”, “juxtapapillary” and “mixed” types in 53, 7 and 5 eyes, respectively. Almost all extrapapillary RH lesions were found in the peripheral retina. Hemangioblastomas in the central nervous system (CNS) were observed in 25 out of 31 kindreds (80.65%) with full systemic evaluation data. Conclusions: VHL-associated RH might exhibit earlier onset than non-VHL RH. Large genomic deletions were observed at a notably high frequency in the Chinese series with VHL-associated RH, which might be associated with East Asian ethnicity background. RH could potentially serve as an early indicator of CNS hemangioblastoma.
The Role of Collaborative Ethnography in Placemaking
Authors: Menezes Marluci , Smaniotto Costa Carlos
Published: September 2024

This article discusses collaborative ethnography as a meaningful source for spatial research, in particular, for participatory methodologies in urban planning and placemaking processes. It investigates the experiences with co-creation and co-research in different research projects to gain insight into the performance of collaborative ethnography as a technique to explore and enrich local knowledge. To better understand the possible causal relationships between the experience gained in the projects and the learnt lessons, we also identify recommendations for improving research methodologies to be applied in placemaking. This article concludes that collaborative ethnography is an effective tool for adding value to spatial co-research and co-creation processes. It opens opportunities for the co-production of space, ideas and knowledge, contributing at the same time to better informed decision-making. It also helps improve ideas and gather insights into the spatial needs of focus groups.