bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Education on Physical Activity among the Rural Elderly in Zabol City
Authors: Saeed Jadgal Mohammad , Sadeghi Saeedeh , Movahed Ehsan , Zareipour Moradali , Mostafa Davoodi Sayed
Published: December 2018

Introduction: One of the most important causes of chronic diseases in elderly people is lack of physical activity. Studies have shown that lack of physical activity in the elderly causes osteoporosis, obesity, depression and sudden death from cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and colon cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an educational intervention on knowledge and practice of physical activity among the rural elderly in Zabol city.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 200 elderly people over 60 years of age living in rural areas of Zabol city who were selected by multi-stage random sampling were divided into two groups: intervention and control. The data collection instrument was a researcher- made questionnaire that comprised 3 parts: demographic and background variables, knowledge and practice. Before the intervention, the questionnaires were completed by intervention and control group. The educational content for the intervention group was the Healthy Lifestyle Handbook and face-to-face training which included a practical representation of six smooth movements. However, no intervention was performed in the control group. After 2 months, the same questionnaire was completed again and the data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: Before the intervention, there was no difference in the mean score of knowledge and practice of the participants, but these differences were significant in the post intervention (p < 0.001). The mean of knowledge and practice scores in the control group in pre-intervention stage was 35.17 ± 2.05 and 6.24 ± 2.82, respectively, Which was 35.59 ± 1.82 and 5.91 ± 2.64 in the post-intervention phase, respectively, But the mean score of knowledge and practice in the intervention group in pre intervention stage increased from 35.6 ± 2.47 and 6.73 ± 3.43 to 37.85 ± 1.38, and 12.83 ± 9.09 in the post-intervention phase, respectively.
Conclusion: Educational intervention is effective in increasing awareness and overall level of physical activity among the elderly.
Comparative Study of Balance Exercises (Frenkel) and Aerobic Exercises (Walking) on Improving Balance in the Elderly
Authors: Reza Vafaeenasab Mohammad , Amiri Athareh , Ali Morowatisharifabad Mohammad , Mahdieh Namayande Seyedeh , Abbaszade Tehrani Hossein
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Balance in the elderly is one of the important issues, and imbalance can create irreparable problems for the elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Frenkel balance exercise and aerobic exercise (walking) on improving the balance of elderly patients in Kerman province in 2016-2017. 
Methods: We used a randomized block design, with 4 participants in each block; 48 elderly men and women living in the nursing homes of Kerman province were randomly assigned to two groups, balance (Frenkel) exercises and aerobic exercises (walking). The two groups performed Frenkel exercises and aerobic exercises (walking) for three 10- to 15-min sessions a week for five weeks. The balance time using the Sharpened Romberg test was recorded to measure static balance and the Get Up and Go test used to measure dynamic balance before and after the exercise program. To describe the variables studied, central tendency indicators and dispersion were used. Paired t-test was used to compare the time of balance before and after intervention and independent t-test to compare changes in balance time between two groups.
Results: The mean static balance (with Sharpend Römberg test) was increased from 3.16 s to 6.01 s in Frenkel exercise, and from 3.33 s to 4.95 s in aerobic training group, indicating an improvement in the static balance after intervention. The mean time of dynamic balance (in the Get Up and Go test) during Frenkel exercise reduced from 17.07 s to 12.03 s, and during aerobic training from 17.08 s to 10.9 seconds, indicating an improvement in dynamic balance (p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the mean changes in the duration of dynamic and static balance before and after intervention in the two groups.
Conclusion: Both Frenkel exercise and walking equally improve static and dynamic balance in the elderly in different settings.
Predictors of Physical Activity in Older Adults in Northwest of Iran
Authors: Ahmadi Batool , Amini Sanii Nayyereh , Allahverdipour Hamid , Bani Fahim , Bakhtari Fatemeh
Published: December 2018

Introduction: There are strong evidences to support the relation between Physical Activity (PA) and improved health in older adults. So this study aimed to determine the predictors of PA among a group of older adults in northwest of Iran.
Methods: In 2016, a randomly sample size of 340 older people in urban regions of Maku, West Azerbaijan, Iran, was recruited to complete Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and individual factors questionnaires.
Results: The mean score of PA was 94.02 ± 3.41. Logistic regression analysis showed that age was the strongest predictor of PA; among younger elderly with higher level education, who had less comorbidity were significantly more active than their counterparts. (β = -2.72, SE = 0.47, P- value = 0.001)
Conclusion: In this study the level of PA among the older adults was low and interventions to promote PA in this population is recommended.
The Relationship between Social Support and Death Anxiety among the Elderly
Authors: Ebrahimi Banafsheh , Hosseini Mohammadali , Rashedi Vahid
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Social support is one of the most important indices affecting adaptation to aging process as well as the problems and complications of the aging period such as anxiety, death and social support. This study was aimed to determine the correlation of social support with death anxiety among the elderly of Tehran, Iran.
Methods: In this correlational study, 208 elderly referring to the daycare centers of Tehran were selected through cluster random sampling. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire, Vaux Social Support Appraisals Scale (SS-A) and Templer death anxiety scale. Both social support and death anxiety scales have been validated in Iran and enjoy the required reliability.
Results: From among the participant elderly, 5.3 % were male and 67 % were single, with their mean age of 66.6 years. Also, 60.1 % were under diploma in terms of education and 64.9 % lived in their personal houses with their families. The results showed the mean social support of 24.94 and mean death anxiety of 24.43 for the elderly. Further, the Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a reverse correlation between social support and death anxiety (r = -0.020).
Conclusion: Death anxiety was reduced with increased social support among the elderly. Social support, a component affecting the mental health and spirit of the elderly, can be considered a cheap source and a social capital in line with decreasing death anxiety, increasing dynamicity and improving the life quality of the elderly.
تحلیل استراتژیک سیستم ارزشیابی برنامه سلامت مادران در ایران و ارائه استراتژی‌های ارتقایی با استفاده از تکنیک ارزیابی محیط داخلی و خارجی
Authors: فیروزنیا رزیتا , درگاهی حسین , جعفری کوشکی توحید , خالدیان زینب
Published: December 2018

زمینه و هدف: برنامه سلامت مادران همواره نقش ارزنده‌ای در سلامت عمومی جامعه ایفا می‌کند لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف تحلیل استراتژیک سیستم ارزشیابی برنامه سلامت مادران در ایران و ارائه استراتژی‌های ارتقایی با استفاده از تکنیک ارزیابی محیط داخلی و خارجی به‌مورد اجرا درآمد. 
روش پژوهش: مطالعه حاضر از نوع کیفی می‌باشد که با استفاده از تکنیک ارزیابی محیط داخلی و خارجی به‌انجام رسید. داده‌های مورد استفاده از طریق پرسشنامه کیفی نیمه‌ ساختار یافته و با نظرسنجی در خصوص نقاط قوت و ضعف، فرصت‌ها و تهدیدها و نیز استراتژی‌های ارتقایی پیشنهادی جهت بهبود عملکرد این سیستم به‌دست آمد. صاحبنظران این مطالعه را تعداد 40 نفر از کارشناسان سلامت مادران شاغل در حوزه سلامت جمعیت و خانواده معاونت‌های بهداشتی دانشگاه‌های علوم پزشکی کشور با حداقل 10 سال سابقه کار اجرایی و مدیریتی تشکیل دادند که به روش مبتنی بر هدف انتخاب شدند. نظرات کیفی ارائه شده از سوی صاحبنظران، بر اساس محتوا طبقه بندی و گزارش گردید و برای تدوین استراتژی‌ها از ماتریس ارزیابی محیط داخلی و خارجی استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: مطالعه حاضر منجر به انجام تحلیل استراتژیک جامعی از نقاط مثبت و منفی موجود در محیط درونی و بیرونی برنامه گردید. استراتژی‌های پیشنهادی از سوی صاحبنظران در 7 بخش اصلی با عناوین تقویت ابزارهای پایش و ارزشیابی برنامه، ارتقای فرایند پایش و ارزشیابی، اصلاح سامانه اطلاعات بالینی، ایجاد سازمان متولی ارزشیابی، تقویت انگیزش نیروی انسانی، افزایش هماهنگی درون و برون بخشی و نیز تأمین پایدار منابع مالی و فیزیکی مورد نیاز برنامه دسته‌بندی شدند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج به‌دست آمده از مطالعه حاضر حاکی است که ضعف‌های درونی و تهدیدات بیرونی برجسته‌ای فراروی این سیستم ارزشیابی وجود دارد لیکن می‌توان با تدوین و اجرای استراتژی‌های ارتقایی بر آن‌ها فائق آمد.
چالش‌های برنامه ریزی استراتژیک در بیمارستان‌های استان تهران
Authors: مصدق راد علی محمد , اصفهانی پروانه
Published: December 2018

زمینه و هدف: تدوین و اجرای برنامه استراتژیک در سازمان‌های بهداشتی و درمانی با چالش‌هایی همراه است. این پژوهش با هدف تعیین میزان شدت چالش­های برنامه­ریزی استراتژیک در بیمارستان‌های استان تهران انجام شد.
روش پژوهش: این پژوهش توصیفی و مقطعی در سال 1395 انجام شد. جامعه آماری شامل 93 نفر از مدیران بیمارستان‌های استان تهران (در قالب سرشماری) بود. ابزار جمع آوری داده­ها یک پرسشنامه محقق ساخته با پایایی 85/0 بود. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از روش‌های آمار توصیفی و استنباطی نظیر همبستگی اسپیرمن و رگرسیون با کمک نرم افزار SPSS 19 انجام شد.  
یافته‌ها: میانگین موانع اجرایی برنامه­ریزی استراتژیک در بیمارستان‌های استان تهران برابر با 98/2 از 00/5 امتیاز بوده است. موانع ساختاری با میانگین و انحراف معیار 87/0 ± 31/3 و موانع مدیریتی با میانگین و انحراف معیار 86/0 ± 69/2 به‌ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین موانع را در اجرای برنامه­ریزی استراتژیک ایجاد کردند. موانع فرآیندی، موانع فرهنگی و موانع تکنیکی بیشترین تأثیر را بر برنامه­ریزی استراتژیک داشتند. مشارکت پزشکان در برنامه‌ریزی استراتژیک بسیار پایین بود. رابطه مثبت و معناداری بین میزان تعهد مدیران بیمارستان‌ها به برنامه­ریزی استراتژیک و مشارکت کارکنان در برنامه­ریزی استراتژیک وجود داشت (05/0 > p).
نتیجه‌گیری: بیمارستان‌های استان تهران با چالش‌ها و موانع متعددی در تدوین و اجرای برنامه استراتژیک مواجه هستند. انجام اقدامات لازم توسط مدیران بیمارستان‌ها برای رفع این موانع قبل از اجرای برنامه استراتژیک ضروری است.
رابطه برخی از عوامل مرتبط با بیمار و میزان استفاده از خدمات سلامت در بیمارستان‌های منتخب شهر قم، 1396
Authors: بهرامی محمد امین , پاکدامن محسن , چهرقانی لیلا , راهبر احمد
Published: December 2018

زمینه و هدف: بهره مندی از خدمات سلامت عبارتند از دریافت و استفاده از آن‌ها، که با عوامل متعددی ارتباط دارد. پیامدهای احتمالی ارتباط برخی از عوامل با میزان استفاده از خدمات، هزینه‌های بیشتر مراقبت‌های بهداشتی ناشی از افزایش استفاده از خدمات مراقبت‌های پزشکی است. لذا این مطالعه به منظور بررسی رابطه برخی از عوامل مرتبط با بیمار و میزان استفاده از خدمات سلامت در بیمارستان‌‌های منتخب شهر قم در سال ۱۳۹۶ انجام گرفت .
روش پژوهش: مطالعه حاضر به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی به‌صورت مقطعی در سال ۱۳۹۶ انجام شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه استاندارد سلامت عمومی گلدبرگ و چک لیست که توسط ۴۰۰ نفر از بیماران مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان‌های منتخب شهر قم که به صورت طبقه‌ای انتخاب شدند، تکمیل و جمع آوری گردید. سپس داده‌ها در نرم‌افزارStata 13   تحلیل گردید و آزمون‌ رگرسیون لوجستیک رتبه‌ای برای تعیین تأثیر متغیرهای مستقل (عوامل مؤثر بر استفاده از خدمات) بر روی متغیر وابسته (میزان استفاده از خدمات) استفاده شد. سپس بعد از تحلیل نتایج آزمون‌های رگرسیون در مورد رابطه عوامل مستقل و جمعیت شناختی با میزان استفاده از خدمات نتیجه گیری شد.
یافته‌ها: بر اساس نتایج حاصل از جداول رگرسیون لوجستیک که میزان استفاده از خدمات را از طریق رابطه بین متغیرهای جمعیت شناختی و مستقل و متغیرهای وابسته نشان می دهد، مشخص گردید که ضریب استفاده از خدمات سلامت توسط افرادی که سن بیشتری داشتند، زنان و افرادی که تحت پوشش بیمه پایه و تکمیلی بودند، تعداد اعضای خانواده شان بیشتر بود، درآمد ماهیانه خانواده‌شان بالاتر بود، سطح تحصیلات سرپرست خانواده آن‌ها بالاتر بود و همچنین بیمارانی که سطح تحصیلات آن‌ها بالاتر بود، در شهر زندگی می کردند و بومی شهر قم بودند و وضعیت سلامت ضعیف داشتند، سرپرست خانواده آن‌ها متأهل بود، در خانواده افراد شاغل درحرفه‌های پزشکی داشتند، فاصله منزل آن‌ها تا بیمارستان کمتر بود، تعداد روزهای بیشتری جهت گرفتن نوبت ویزیت پزشک در انتظار بودند، زمان بیشتری در درمانگاه جهت ویزیت پزشک در انتظار بودند، مدت زمان بیشتری از محل کار خود مرخصی گرفته بودند و مدت زمان ویزیت آن‌ها توسط پزشک طولانی تر بود بیشتر است و در نتیجه تقاضای استفاده از خدمات در این افراد بیشتر می باشد. در ضمن رابطه آماری معنی‌داری بین وضعیت سلامت شخص، وضعیت تأهل سرپرست خانواده و مدت زمان ویزیت پزشک معالج با میزان استفاده از خدمات به دست آمد. 
نتیجه گیری: مدیران نظام سلامت با توجه به ارتباطی که برخی از عوامل مرتبط با بیمار با میزان استفاده از خدمات سلامت دارد، می توانند از طریق تحلیل عواملی که تشدید کننده عوامل مرتبط با بیمار هستند، پیشنهادات کاربردی و عملی جهت کنترل و کاهش استفاده کاذب بیماران و پزشکان مانند استفاده از مکانیسم‌های تشویقی و تنبیهی، ایجاد آگاهی در افراد جامعه از طرق مختلف در مورد چالش‌ها و خطرات تقاضای القایی، تغییر روش‌ها و میزان پرداخت‌ های بیمه‌ای و سطح بندی خدمات برای اقشار مختلف جامعه جهت استفاده صحیح از خدمات و حفظ منابع مالی جهت استفاده آن‌ها در راستای رفع نیازهای ضروری ارایه دهند.
سیاست گذاری برای جیره بندی در نظام سلامت: مطالعه مروری و ارائه پیشنهاد برای ایران
Authors: رحمانی کیوان , رضایتمند رضا , صادق‌پور نیوشا , نیک‌آیین مهسا , اعرابی سمیرا , مولوی طالقانی یاسمین
Published: December 2018

زمینه و هدف: جیره بندی به‌عنوان راهکار کنترل هزینه‌ها و افزایش کارایی در استفاده از منابع محدود نظام سلامت مطرح است، بنابراین این مطالعه با هدف مرور مطالعات در رابطه با جیره بندی در کشورهای مختلف و ارائه پیشنهاد برای نظام سلامت ایران انجام شده است.
روش پژوهش: مطالعه حاضر به روش مرور نظامند انجام گردید. به‌منظور یافتن مقالات انتشار یافته از پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی انگلیسی (web of knowledge، PubMed،Scopus ،  OvidوScience direct ) با بهره گیری از کلید واژه‌های rationing،stewardship ، policy making،healthcare ،health care ،coverage ،services  استفاده شد. ارزیابی کیفیت مطالعات از طریق توافق نویسندگان با استفاده از بررسی رعایت و اجتناب از خطا انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: با جستجوی کلید واژه‌ها تعداد 2880 مقاله بازیابی شد که پس از اعمال معیارهای ورود، تعداد 29 مقاله انتخاب شدند. چارچوب مفهومی برای تولیت در جیره بندی نظام سلامت در 3 سطح تأمین مالی (پرداخت از جیب، ارزیابی ریسک مبتنی بر سن، بسته خدمات، پرداخت به ارائه کنندگان)، ارائه خدمات (پزشکی مبتنی بر شواهد، زمان و لیست انتظار خدمات، فارماکوپه دارویی) و تأمین منابع (توزیع خدمات سطح بندی، صلاحیت نیروی کار، ارزیابی فناوری سلامت تکنولوژی و داروها) پیشنهاد شد.
نتیجه گیری: افزایش هزینه‌های نظام سلامت و محدود بودن منابع برای تقاضاهای رو به افزایش، جیره بندی را غیر قابل اجتناب می کند. با توجه به الگوی مفهومی پیشنهادی، راهکارهایی از قبیل ایجاد داشبورد اطلاعاتی، اجرای راهنماهای بالینی، همگن سازی بسته‌های خدمات ارائه شده توسط صندوق‌های بیمه‌ای، ارزیابی تکنولوژی سلامت، احتساب ترجیحات اجتماعی، برای شفاف شدن سیاست جیره بندی در نظام سلامت ایران پیشنهاد می شود.
Адаптация метода количественной ПЦР для выявления представителей микобиоты зерновых культур
Authors: Орина А. С. , Гаврилова О. П. , Гагкаева Т. Ю.
Published: December 2018

Проведена сравнительная оценка содержания ДНК грибов и микотоксинов в зерне 31 сорта пшеницы, овса и ячменя. Метод количественной ПЦР был адаптирован для выявления ДНК грибов, часто встречающихся в микобиоте зерновых культур: Alternaria spp., Bipolaris sorokiniana (B. sorokiniana), Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum), F. culmorum и F. sporotrichioides. Количественное выявление в зерне ДНК гриба B. sorokiniana проведено впервые.

ДНК грибов Alternaria выявлена во всех образцах в диапазоне от 184×10-4 до 11160×10-4 пг/нг общей ДНК, но в зерне овса, по сравнению с зерном ячменя и пшеницы, ее количества были больше в 5 и 9 раз соответственно. ДНК B. sorokiniana выявлена во всех образцах зерна ячменя и овса, а также в 56% образцов пшеницы. В зерне ячменя содержание ДНК B. sorokiniana в среднем было существенно выше (402×10-4 пг/нг), чем в зерне овса (51×10-4 пг/нг) и пшеницы (10×10-4 пг/нг). Присутствие ДНК гриба F. graminearum установлено в зерне всех анализированных образцов в диапазоне от 14×10-4 до 1110×10-4 пг/нг, ДНК F. culmorum выявлена в 70% образцов овса и в 100% образцов ячменя и пшеницы в количестве от 8×10-4 до 90×10-4 пг/нг. Микотоксин дезоксиниваленол (ДОН), продуцируемый грибами F. graminearum и F. culmorum, выявлен в зерне всех образцов в диапазоне от 77 до 4133 мкг/кг. ДНК F. sporotrichioides, продуцирующего Т-2 токсин, обнаружена в 70% образцов овса и 50% образцов ячменя в количестве от 5×10-4 до 47×10-4 пг/нг и не выявлена в зерне пшеницы. Количество T-2 токсина, обнаруженного в 45% образцов, не превышало 89 мкг/кг.

Установлена достоверная положительная связь между количествами ДНК F. graminearum и ДОН в зерне. Коэффициент корреляции Пирсона (r) составил 0.49 (p <0.05). Также выявлена положительная связь (r = 0.72, p <0.01) между количе-ствами ДНК Alternaria spp. и F. sporotrichioides, что предполагает сходство условий для развития этих грибов на зерновом субстрате.
Female Consumers’ Attitude towards Natural Beauty Products: Malaysian Perspective
Authors: Bayaah Ahmad Siti Nor
Published: December 2018

There are numerous illnesses related to beauty products consumption have led many companies to plan for a better solution that emphasis on green, and natural products ingredients. Women consumers in beauty product industry is considered as one of the biggest populations that contribute significantly to economic growth worldwide. This study aims to investigate the female consumer perspective in relation to the health and environment. 200 were returned and usable. The findings indicated that factors like attitude, subjective norms and behavioral control do influence women consumer’s intention to purchase natural beauty product. Specifically, health consciousness and environment consciousness are significant in influencing their consumers’ purchase intention. Practically, the findings helped marketers to be creative when promoting the beauty products by highlighting on sustainability and product safety to feed into the women’s attitude toward natural beauty products.
The Comparison of Social Learning Study (Ips) Results Using Cooperative Jigsaw Learning Model Based On It Media for Elementary Students (Sd)
Authors: S.E,M.PD Umar Darwis
Published: December 2018

Social studies education has been taught since elementary school, this social studies lesson can provide a significant contribution in overcoming social problems, because social studies education has a function and role in improving human resources to obtain knowledge about human dignity and values ​​as social beings, the skills to apply that knowledge and able to behave based on values ​​and norms so that they can live in a society. The ideal conditions expected from the results of social studies learning in schooling are considered not yet in line with expectations, even some research findings and observations of education experts reinforce the conclusion that social studies education in Indonesia is not maximal because the realization of social values ​​developed in social studies learning is still not well implemented in the daily lives of students. The social skills of graduate students are still alarming, as evidenced by student participation in various community activities is shrinking. By having the implementation of the jigsaw cooperative learning model assisted by IT media, the jigsaw cooperative learning model without using media also allows students to work in teams and ensure each team has mastered the subject matter provided by the teacher, except that in this learning model students do not get additional sources of knowledge through the media IT.
An Investigación sobre recién egresados con empleo de la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales
Authors: Salcido Moreno MA Ramón
Published: December 2018

Until now, a statistical study had not been carried out on graduates who have a job within months of having completed their studies at the School of Political and Social Sciences of Ciudad Juarez. There is a diverse literature on the difficulties faced by people who finish university careers in Mexico, generally with a pessimistic approach. Private educational institutions state that almost all of their new professionals get a job, less than a year after finishing their studies. With this work, a first step is taken to later make more extensive and comparative studies with public and private universities on the reality faced by recent graduates. Through a statistical sample for population proportions, respondents were asked if they had a job of more than 30 hours a week, for three different periods, resulting in an average of 22.2 percent with an affirmative answer.
Adult Immigrants’ Perceptions of Career and Vocational Education and Factors Influencing Their Decision to Peruse a Vocational Programme of Study
Authors: Alhassan Awal Mohammed
Published: December 2018

This study was conducted with 400 students and 8 secondary school counsellors to find out factors that affect decision making of adult immigrant students from secondary schools with regard to their career and vocational study choices in Akershus county of Norway. Three sets of questionnaires were employed to gather the data. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. The study revealed that the adult learners were satisfied to make individual decisions based on their personal evaluations of interests, abilities and capabilities more than any other factors such as school counsellors, teachers and parents. While the choices of vocational study of these adult learners was based on school counsellors` influence and other socioeconomic factors, academic program choices was based on self- motivation and interest. The study recommends the involvement of all stakeholders by the school counsellors to improve the implementation of career and vocational guidance programs for adults in all secondary schools.
The Hallidayan Stylistics and Creative Writing:Theoretical and Critical Study at the Level of Concepts
Authors: . Samudji
Published: December 2018

This article tries to argue that systemic functional linguistic (SFL) stylistics or Hallidayan‘s stilistics can be integrated directly with the creative writing process or vice versa, and can provide a broad insight into determining meaning choices. The determination of this choice of meaning can be done by considering the sources of meaning available in three levels, namely: (1) the level of context of culture and context of situation with its three components, i.e., field, mode, tenor; (2) the level of discourse semantics with its three components, namely ideational (logical & experiential), textual, and interpersonal; and (3) the level of lexicogrammar with its four components, i.e., transitivity & clause complexing, theme/rheme, and mood/residue.These three levels will be integrated with the first four stages in creative writing, namely: (1) conflict; (2) description; (3) characters; and (4) dialogue. This integration thus forms a combined configuration between functional stylistic aspects and the first four stages of creative writing. I’m confident that this configuration is important to know well for creative writing teachers, or students who pursue creative writing, or anyone who wants to improve his or her creative writing competence.
An Impact Assessment of the National Policy on Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria, 1991: A Case Study of the Niger Delta
Authors: Wenibowei Dr. Korikiye
Published: December 2018

Oil exploration and exploitation has been on-going in the Niger Delta region in several decades. This has had disastrous effects on the region’s biodiversity and socio-economic environment. More importantly, the peoples’ sources of livelihood have been greatly affected due to pollution resulting from gas flaring and oil spills from explorative and exploitative activities. In the face of all these, there are existing laws and policies aimed at controlling and preserving the environment from total destruction. The main focus of this paper is the evaluation of the impact of the national policy on environment particularly the Federal Government Policy on the “Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control, 1991” as a regulatory instrument for environmental management in Nigeria. The findings based on secondary data reveals that policies as guiding principles and regulations are essential but the enforcement of these policies have not been effective enough to attain the desired objectives for which they are enacted. The paper posits that the lack of enforcement of the policy on the guidelines and standards for environmental pollution control in Nigeria in the Niger Delta region has resulted in the continuous degradation of the region’s environment, producing very severe hardship on the people as this directly affect the economic sources of survival. The country’s dependence on crude oil revenue buttresses the lackluster approach by the government to environment law enforcement in the Niger Delta region. Thus, oil spillages and gas flaring is continuing in the Niger Delta region.
The Influence of Profitability, Solvability, Liquidity, Company Size and Size of Public Accountant Firm on Audit Report Lag
Authors: Yendrawati Reni , Mahendra Varaby Wahyu
Published: December 2018

This study aims to test whether profitability, solvency, liquidity, firm size and size of Public Accounting Firm affect audit report lag. The sample population used in this study is a state-owned company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2015. Sampling in this study using purposive sampling method. The data used in the form of annual financial statements of companies obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data analysis techniques were performed using multiple regression analysis. The result of the research shows that profitability has a negative effect on audit report lag, while solvability, liquidity, firm size and size of Public Accounting Firm size do not affect audit report lag. From the five independent variables, partial test results show that only two variables that affect the audit report lag; profitability with a significant level of 0.000 and solvency with a significant level of 0.000. Meanwhile the variable liquidity, firm size and size of Public Accounting Firm do not affect the audit report lag with a significant level greater than 0.05
El papel de la Administración en la determinación del contenido del derecho a la objeción de conciencia de los profesionales sanitarios en el contexto de “nuevos derechos”: los casos del aborto y la eutanasia
Authors: Albert Márquez Marta
Published: January 2019

El artículo tiene por objeto el análisis del papel de la Administración en la determinación del contenido y de la titularidad del derecho a la objeción de conciencia. En particular, se centra en el caso de la objeción de los profesionales sanitarios en el contexto de «nuevos derechos» como el aborto y la eutanasia. En primer lugar se analiza la regulación de la objeción en el caso del aborto, y la determinación mediante acto administrativo de quiénes pueden objetar y de cómo deberán hacer constar su condición de objetores. A continuación, la experiencia del caso de la objeción al aborto se emplea para analizar y valorar la regulación de la objeción de los sanitarios en la reciente Proposición de Ley de Eutanasia.Recibido: 30 octubre 2018Aceptado: 21 noviembre 2018Publicación en línea: 27 diciembre 2018
Los derechos de defensa y el deber de colaboración con la Administración tributaria
Authors: Hermosín Álvarez Montserrat
Published: January 2019

Frecuentemente, se ha advertido acerca de la eventual colisión que podría suscitarse entre el derecho fundamental a no autoinculparse (art. 24.2 CE) y el deber de colaboración con la Administración que impone al contribuyente la exigencia de comunicar y aportar datos relativos a sus obligaciones tributarias (arts. 31 CE y 93.1 Ley General Tributaria).El posible conflicto se pone de manifiesto si esos datos –obtenidos bajo amenaza de sanción– pudieran ser usados en un procedimiento sancionador o en un ulterior proceso penal. En el presente trabajo trataremos de indagar en sus contenidos y exigencias teniendo en cuenta la Jurisprudencia Constitucional y del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, para poder llegar a una posición integradora de ambos intereses constitucionalmente protegidos como elemento indispensable para el funcionamiento de un Estado de Derecho.Recibido: 30 octubre 2018Aceptado: 21 noviembre 2018Publicación en línea: 27 diciembre 2018
Mónica Martínez López-Sáez. Una revisión del derecho fundamental a la protección de datos de carácter personal, Tirant Lo Blanch, Valencia, 2018, 206 pp. ISBN. 978-84-9169-985-9
Authors: Tenorio Sánchez Pedro
Published: January 2019

El pasado 25 de mayo entraba en vigor entre nosotros (y en toda Europa) el Reglamento (UE) 2016/679 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 27 de abril de 2016, relativo a la protección de las personas físicas en lo que respecta al tratamiento de datos personales y a la libre circulación de estos datos y por el que se deroga la Directiva 95/46/CE.Publicación en línea: 27 diciembre 2018
Índice de qualidade para avaliação de linhas de transporte público: um estudo de caso em Cuiabá-MT
Authors: Queiroz Frank , Snowareski Ricardo , Magalhães Sérgio
Published: December 2018

A qualidade do transporte público (TP) deve ser medida e mantida em níveis adequados a fim de fidelizar usuários ou aumentar a demanda do mesmo em detrimento do transporte privado individual. Este trabalho propõe um método de cálculo para o índice de qualidade de linhas de transporte público, este método baseia-se na atribuição de pesos a critérios que caracterizam o transporte público, como acesso ao ponto e limpeza dos veículos. O índice calculado pode servir como ferramenta à tomada de decisão no que tange a destinação de recursos ao aumento da satisfação de usuários do TP. No estudo de caso realizado, verificou-se que as linhas expressas têm maior índice de qualidade em detrimento das linhas comuns, tal resultado se deve a redução do tempo de espera e aumento da pontualidade proporcionado pelas linhas expressas. Além disso, descobriu-se que critérios como pontualidade, segurança e temperatura são de grande importância aos usuários.
Análise térmica de pastas a base de cal hidratada com utilização de cinza do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Rodrigues Bruno Leandro , Neves Junior Alex
Published: December 2018

O Brasil e a Índia respondem em conjunto por mais da metade da produção mundial da cana-de açúcar. Durante o beneficiamento da cana, gera-se a cinza do bagaço, um dos principais resíduos desse processo. Usualmente, a cinza do bagaço é descartada na natureza podendo gerar sérios problemas ambientais. Esta cinza, devido a sua composição química, contém grande quantidade de SiO2 a qual apresentam potencial para ser utilizada como material pozolânico na construção civil visando a produção de argamassas. Entre os materiais aglomerantes utilizados para produção de argamassas, o cimento Portland é o mais utilizado. Entretanto, devido os impactos ambientais ocasionados durante sua produção, torna-se de extrema importância pesquisas a fim de encontrar um substituto com menor impacto ambiental. Entre estes, foca-se no uso da cal hidratada, um aglomerante com potencialidade de captura de CO2. Ante o exposto, esta pesquisa objetivou analisar termicamente pastas a base de cal hidratada com utilização de cinza do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (CBC). Foram escolhidas pastas utilizando a cinza do bagaço como substituto parcial da cal hidratada, nos teores de 5, 10 e 15%, considerando o fator água/material aglomerante que resultasse no mesmo índice de consistência. Para a caracterização térmica das amostras, realizou-se ensaios de termogravimetria, termogravimetria derivativa e calorimetria isotérmica. Os ensaios de termogravimetria e termogravimetria derivativa possibilitaram calcular a perda de massa dos hidróxidos e carbonatos. Os resultados indicaram que a medida que se elevou a porcentagem de substituição de CBC na amostra, ocorreu à diminuição dos hidróxidos e aumento dos carbonatos, trazendo como consequência a diminuição da alcalinidade das argamassas. Conclui-se que é possível utilizar-se da CBC, resíduo agroindustrial, como substituto parcial na fabricação de pastas a base de cal hidratada.
Análise Fatorial Exploratória: resumo teórico, aplicação e interpretação
Authors: Hongyu Kuang
Published: December 2018

A análise multivariada de uma forma geral refere-se aos métodos estatísticos que analisam simultaneamente múltiplas medidas em cada indivíduo ou objeto sob investigação. Nesse contexto, entre as técnicas de multivariadas, a análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) é umas das técnicas estatísticas mais utilizadas na análise de dados em diversas áreas do conhecimento, como agronomia, zootecnia, ecologia, floresta, medicina, entre outras. AFE é uma técnica dentro da análise fatorial cujo objetivo abrangente é identificar as relações subjacentes entre as variáveis medidas. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar os principais aspectos desta técnica, como resumo teórico, apresentando uma aplicação sobre os dados de crimes do Estado de Mato Grosso e nas interpretações dos resultados obtidos por diferentes métodos da AFE. Com este trabalho pretende auxiliar pesquisadores das diversas áreas a utilizarem AFE com maior discernimento teórico e metodológico.
A toupeira e a serpente
Authors: Chignola Sandro
Published: December 2018

O artigo tem como ponto de arranque o estudo sobre o biopoder, em particular, desde as transformações da atual fase de expansão mundial do capitalismo. Para tanto, seguindo a trilha de Foucault, no trânsito e contaminações entre soberania, disciplina e biopoder, interroga a série de elementos configuradores das tecnologias voltadas ao “governo da vida”, tanto em relação ao controle dos corpos quanto da população. Assim, analisando duas figuras zoopolíticas, índices do alojamento da vida, para Deleuze, a serpente a e toupeira, aponta a profunda mutação do capitalismo como sociedade de controle biopolítico, sobretudo, destacando como o fluxo único e ininterrupto de informações é gerenciado para fins de segurança (riscos) ou de valorização imediata (dados). Noutros termos, há, por um lado, algoritmos de controle biopolítico que mo­dulam fluxos de informação, filtram e canalizam a mobilidade de indivíduos e populações e que, por outro, forjam bancos de dados e pacotes de informações que descrevem estilos de consumo e capturam formas de vida através de coo­peração gratuita. Enfim, o decisivo quanto à evolução do biopoder passa pelo controle de fluxos que opera algoritmos de administração e gerenciamento do social, produzindo uma série de tecnologias sobrepostas para fins comerciais, securitários e militares.
Fen Bilgisi Öğretmen Adaylarının Gazetelerde Yer Alan Sosyo-Bilimsel Konulara Yönelik Farkındalıklarının İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Nurhan , ERABDAN Hilal
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmada fen bilgisi
öğretmen adaylarının fen okuryazarlığı için bir ön koşul niteliği olarak ifade
edilebilecek sosyo-bilimsel konularla ilgili farkındalıklarının tespit edilmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması deseninin
kullanıldığı araştırmanın çalışma grubu, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemine göre
belirlenmiş 15 (13 kadın, 2 erkek) 3.sınıf öğretmen adayından oluşmaktadır.
Uygulama süreci iki aşamadan oluşmaktadır. İlk aşamada, araştırmacılar
tarafından 2016 yılına ait gazete tirajları dikkate alınarak en yüksek tiraja
sahip dört ulusal gazete bir ay boyunca takip edilmiş ve incelenen 120 gazete
haber metni arasından fen ile ilgili olan haber metinleri belirlenmiştir.
Araştırmanın ikinci aşaması ise öğretmen adaylarının aktif katılımı ile
planlanmış bir uygulama sürecinden oluşmaktadır. Adaylar, bir konunun
sosyo-bilimsel olmasında hangi özelliklere sahip olması gerektiğini
belirtmişler ve gazetelerde yer alan haber metinleri arasından sosyo-bilimsel
konuları tespit etmişlerdir. Araştırma sonunda, öğretmen adaylarının büyük bir
kısmının, haber metinlerinde yer alan fen kavramlarını belirleyebildikleri ve
gazetelerde yer alan sosyo-bilimsel konuların çoğunu tespit edebildikleri
görülmüştür. Adayların, tespit ettikleri sosyo-bilimsel konuları seçme
nedenleri olarak; konuların tartışmaya açık olması, güncel olması ve bireyi
ikileme düşürmesi gibi gerekçeler öne sürdükleri belirlenmiştir.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF QUESTIONING OF PATIENTS AND MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN ORDER TO FORM METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CONTROL OF THE OPTIMAL ORGANIZATION OF PROCESSES IN A MEDICAL INSTITUTION
Authors: Shkarin V. V. , Berseneva E. A , Kurakov D. A , Mendel S. A , Savostina E. A , Tairova R. T.
Published: December 2018

The article presents a comparative analysis of the results of questioning of patients and medical personnel using the tools of lexical analysis of medical records. The questioning was conducted simultaneously in a 24-hour in-patient clinic. A survey was conducted of all patients discharged from the hospital during the week, and all medical workers who worked during the period. The questionnaire for staff includes questions about patient satisfaction. The formulation of questions is «mirror» to the questions of the questionnaire of patients. The results of the questionnaire convincingly testify to a higher assessment of the conditions and the provision of medical care to patients compared with the assessment by medical personnel.
VALUES OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Lebedenko A. A , Semernik O. E , Kislov E. O , Katysheva Y. U.I , Bocman E. A
Published: December 2018

The article presents the results of the vascular endothelial growth factor study in children suffering from atopic dermatitis. Changes in its concentration are analyzed depending on the degree of severity and duration of the disease, the extent of skin lesions and the severity of clinical manifestations.
POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF RATS' OFFSPRING FROM FEMALES GETTING NEUROGLUTAME DURING THEIR PREGNANCY
Authors: Bugaeva L. I , Denisova T. D , Tyurenkov I. N , Mazanova J. A , Bagmetova V. V , Lavrova E. B
Published: December 2018

The two month long observation of offspring from female rats, which were getting neuroglutame in the dose of 650 mg/ kg (25-fold therapeutic dose) from the 6th to the 20th day of pregnancy, showed the absence of changes in physical development. At the same time comparison of the tested rats' offspring with the group of control ones showed effects: activation of body weight increase; surpassing of the terms of muscular strength maturation and opening of eyes, as well as formation of reflex of turning over in the free fall and cliff avoidance. Descent of testicles into the scrotum of the male rats and vagina opening of the female rats matched the physiological standard and did not differ from the control indices. According to the research results there was made a conclusion about the absence of damaging influence of neuroglutame in the dose of 650 mg/kg on the processes of organo- and fetogenesis registered in the postnatal period of the offspring's development.
ENDOTHELIOPROTECTIVE AND ANTIAGGREGANT EFFECT OF PRIMULA VERIS L. SOLID HERBAL EXTRACT IN EXPERIMENTAL CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Bychenkova M. A , Perfilova V. N , Latypova G. M , Kataev V. A
Published: December 2018

Were studied endothelioprotective and antiaggregant properties of Primula veris L. solid herbal extract (PVSHE) in animals under experimental chronic heart failure (CHF) caused by isoproterenol administration in a dose of 2,5 mg / kg twice a day for 21 days. It was shown that in the control group of animals with CHF, the introduction of acetylcholine increased by 21,2 %, while the non-selective NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME reduced the rate of blood flow in the carotid artery of rats by 27,5 %, which was less than the same values in the intact group: 45,2 % and -46,8 %, respectively (p < 0,05). The introduction of acetylcholine caused an increase in the rate of blood flow in the carotid artery in rats with CHF who received PVSHE at a dose of 30 mg / kg by 43,4 % and mildronate at a dose of 50 mg / kg - by 43,8 %, which was significantly higher than in animals of the control group (p < 0,05). The non-selective inhibitor of NO-synthase L-NAME reduced blood flow in the animals with CHF receiving study medications: -40,4 % and -39,5 % (p < 0,05), respectively It was found that the rate and degree of aggregation of platelets was higher in rats with CHF than in intact animals (29,6 % / min versus 20,6 % / min and 27,3 % vs. 18,8 %, p < 0,05, respectively ). In rats with CHF receiving PVSHE, the rate of blood flow in the carotid artery was 20% / min, mildronate -23,2 % / min, the degree of aggregation was 19 % and 21,9 %, respectively which was significantly lower in comparison with animals of the control group (p < 0,05). It was found that the level of von Willebrand factor (vW) was higher in animals with CHF than in the intact group by 91,1 % (p < 0.05) and significantly lower in animals with CHF who received PVSHE by 31,4 % (p < 0,05) and mildronate 21,2 % relative to the control group of rats (p < 0,05). The obtained data testify to the endothelioprotective and antiaggregant effect of the PVSHE comparable to the comparative preparation mildronate.
THE RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH ACTIVITY OF SILVER. NANOPARTICLES IN VITRO AND IN VIVO AGAINST DRUG- RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS STRAINS
Authors: Zaharov A. V , Hohlov A. L
Published: December 2018

The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the antitubercular activity of silver nanoparticles. In vitro experiments on 117 MBT strains with resistance to isoniazid and other drugs with preserved sensitivity to rifampin (group 1) and 108 ml of MBT strains (group 2), bactericidal action of nanoparticles was demonstrated in 48,1 and 41,7 % of cases, respectively. With the combined use of nanoparticles with isoniazide, similar indicators were 65,3 and 60,5 %, respectively (p < 0.05). In the model of experimental tuberculosis in BALB/C mice, the best survival and seeding rates of the pathogen from the lung tissue were also observed with the combined use of nanoparticles and isoniazide. The results obtained allow us to offer silver nanoparticles as adjuvants of chemotherapy for clinical trials.
APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND PROPHYLAXIS OF THE DISEASES OF HEPATOPANCREATODUODENAL ZONE
Authors: Lazarenko V. A , Zarubina T. V , Antonov A. E , Cervantes Barragan D.A.
Published: December 2018

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the possibilities of neuronet differential diagnosis of hepatopancreatoduodenal zone diseases and their potential for the formation of an individualized preventive strategy. The work was performed on the basis of materials of 488 patients with the pathology of the hepatopancreatoduodenal zone. Neural network analysis of information on risk factors (sex, age, eating habits, stress, family status, bad habits) was used. Results. The sensitivity of the differential diagnostic model reaches Se = 84,7, m = 1,66 for peptic ulcer, Se = 81,4, m = 1,8 for pancreatitis and Se = 92,1, m = 1,24 for cholecystitis. Specificity levels equaled respectively to Sp = 91,5, m = 1,29, Sp = 90,1, m = 1,38 and Sp = 82,7, m = 1,75. The article also presents a method of developing an individualized diagnostic strategy using the artificial neural network.
STUDING OF CONCENTRATION OF NANOSCALEAEROSOLS OF ENERGETIC MATERIAL COMPONENTS IN WORKING AREA
Authors: Britanov N. G , Krylova N. V , Gorkina I. K , Filatov B. N , Klauchek V. V , Sazonova N. G
Published: December 2018

Particles of nanoscale fraction were found in the process of energetic materials production. The particles with diameter of 61-102 nm were found in the air of working area, and the particles with diameter of 43-61 nm were found on the surfaces of technological equipment and in the air of industrial site in the process of vacuum unloading of passed aluminum powder. In the department of nitrocellulose weighted portions preparation, size of the particles was 36-86 nm in the air of working zone and 62-102 nm on the surfaces of technological equipment.
THE ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER PREFERENCES WHEN CHOOSING ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS
Authors: Vyshemirskaya E. V , Ganicheva L. M
Published: December 2018

The commodity preferences of consumers using antiarrhythmic drugs (LP) prescribed by the doctor are revealed. Research can be used in the formation of a rational range of products of the study group in the retail sector of the Volgograd pharmaceutical market.
INDICATIONS FOR SHORT-TERM INDIVIDUAL ANALYTIC-CATHARTIC PSYCHOTHERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH ANXIETY NEUROTIC DISORDERS BASED ON THE DYNAMICS OF CLINICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Ilchenko E. G , Karavaeva T. A
Published: December 2018

In the light of the growing number of neurotic disorders, health care reforms and the socioeconomic component of the country, the development of short-term and effective methods of psychotherapy is becoming especially topical. The aim of the study was to determine the indications for short-term individual analytical-cathartic therapy (ACTA) of patients with anxiety neurotic disorders. The article analyzes the dynamics of clinical and psychological characteristics of 90 patients with anxiety neurotic disorders (F40, F41, F42, F45, F48) who have undergone short-term individual analytical cathartic psychotherapy Predictors of the ineffectiveness of the proposed treatment option are identified and a mathematical model for calculating the prognosis of the effectiveness of the short-term individual ACTA is presented. Based on the obtained data, indications and contraindications for the application of this method were determined.
Farklı Fosfor Seviyelerinin Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) Bitkisinde Tane Verimi ve Bazı Verim Özelliklerine Etkisi Üzerine Bir Ön Araştırma
Authors: GEREN Hakan , GÜRÜN Asli Sila
Published: January 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışma, farklı
fosfor seviyelerinin tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.)
Trotter) bitkisinde tane verimi ve bazı verim özellikleri üzerine etkilerini
saptamak amacıyla yürütülmüştür.

Materyal ve Yöntem: Araştırma, 2017 yılının
yaz yetişme döneminde, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü
Bornova deneme alanlarında dış ortam koşullarında saksı denemesi olarak
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede, tef bitkisinin Dessie genotipi kullanılmış ve beş
farklı fosfor (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 kg P da-1) incelenmiştir. Çalışmada
bitki boyu, sap sayısı, tane verimi, hasat indeksi gibi özellikler ölçülmüştür.

Bulgular ve Sonuç: Fosfor seviyelerinin incelenen tüm özellikler
üzerinde önemli etkilerinin olduğunu saptanmıştır. Yüksek fosfor dozu
uygulamaları, kontrole göre tane verimini yükseltmiştir. Dekara 10 kg fosfor
uygulamasının, Akdeniz iklim koşullarındaki İzmir’de, tef bitkisi tane verimini
yükselten en iyi gübre seviyesi olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Modernización Productiva y Gestión del Riesgo en la Actividad Industrial Uruguaya
Authors: Pucci Francisco
Published: December 2018

En este trabajo, nos planteamos analizar la articulación entre  modelos de seguridad, organización y gestión de recursos humanos en tres  ramas  de producción del  Uru- guay: la construcción, la rama  forestal y la rama  papelera. La elección de estas ramas permite comparar esta  articulación en contextos productivos disímiles en términos de  trayectoria y desarrollo. La industria de  la  construcción ha  sido  el  paradigma sobre  el cual  se construyó la normativa vigente en  materia de  seguridad; la rama forestal es un sector  de actividad nuevo en Uruguay, desarrollado a través  de empre- sas multinacionales que  reprodujeron en el nuevo contexto productivo las políticas de sus casas  matrices. De la industria papelera tomaremos como  ejemplo una  de las empresas más tradicionales del país,  que mantiene muchos de los rasgos matriciales del período de sustitución de importaciones en el cual  fue creada.