bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of blockchain to secure internet of medical things
Authors: Ghadi Yazeed Yasin , Mazhar Tehseen , Shahzad Tariq , Amir khan Muhammad , Abd-Alrazaq Alaa , Ahmed Arfan , Hamam Habib
Published: August 2024

This study explores integrating blockchain technology into the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to address security and privacy challenges. Blockchain’s transparency, confidentiality, and decentralization offer significant potential benefits in the healthcare domain. The research examines various blockchain components, layers, and protocols, highlighting their role in IoMT. It also explores IoMT applications, security challenges, and methods for integrating blockchain to enhance security. Blockchain integration can be vital in securing and managing this data while preserving patient privacy. It also opens up new possibilities in healthcare, medical research, and data management. The results provide a practical approach to handling a large amount of data from IoMT devices. This strategy makes effective use of data resource fragmentation and encryption techniques. It is essential to have well-defined standards and norms, especially in the healthcare sector, where upholding safety and protecting the confidentiality of information are critical. These results illustrate that it is essential to follow standards like HIPAA, and blockchain technology can help ensure these criteria are met. Furthermore, the study explores the potential benefits of blockchain technology for enhancing inter-system communication in the healthcare industry while maintaining patient privacy protection. The results highlight the effectiveness of blockchain’s consistency and cryptographic techniques in combining identity management and healthcare data protection, protecting patient privacy and data integrity. Blockchain is an unchangeable distributed ledger system. In short, the paper provides important insights into how blockchain technology may transform the healthcare industry by effectively addressing significant challenges and generating legal, safe, and interoperable solutions. Researchers, doctors, and graduate students are the audience for our paper.
Ameliorating a vertical axis wind turbine performance utilizing a time-varying force plasma actuator
Authors: Abbasi Sarallah , Daraee Mohammad Amin
Published: August 2024

Controlling wind flow on vertical axis wind turbine blades is an effective technique for enhancing their performance. Modern equipment such as plasma actuators have gained significant attention for their ability to control, and improve the flow behavior in wind turbines. Previous studies have primarily focused on investigating plasma actuators with constant force. In this study, plasma actuators with varying forces over time were applied to the turbine blades. An unsteady 2D model was used to analyze the wind turbine. The sliding mesh model was employed to simulate rotor rotation, and the SST $$k-\omega $$

k
-
ω

model was utilized for turbulence modeling. Initially, the performance of the clean turbine was examined. In the next step, the plasma actuators with different force waveforms were applied to the wind turbine blades, including constant, sine, cosine, positive ramp, negative ramp, pulse in the first half-cycle, and pulse in the last half-cycle waveforms. The results indicated that the cosine, and sinusoidal waveforms, led to the greatest improvement with 37.28% and 35.59% increase in the net energy produced by the turbine, respectively, compared to the baseline case.
2,3-Difunctionalization of quinones: a gold-catalyzed cascade approach for trifluoromethyl-amination or sulfoximination
Authors: Sharma Alpa , Govande Vijaya , Mahajan Shivangani , Sawant Sanghapal D.
Published: August 2024

A one-pot domino protocol employing gold(i) catalysis has been developed for the cascade trifluoromethyl-amination/sulfoximination of quinones.
Hydrazide-based reactive matrices for the sensitive detection of aldehydes and ketones by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Lodén Henrik , Schembri Luke S. , Nilsson Anna , Kaya Ibrahim , Shariatgorji Reza , Odell Luke R. , Andrén Per E.
Published: August 2024

Improved detection of aldehydes and ketones in MALDI mass spectrometry imaging through novel one-step, on-tissue chemical derivatisation matrices.
Symmetry breaking through molecular engineering to achieve “on–off–on” nonlinear optical switch in a [SnCl6]2− framework
Authors: Cai Zhuoer , Yinan Zhang , Chen Jian , He Xiaofan , Zhang Ziyue , Hua Xiu-Ni , Sun Baiwang
Published: August 2024

By breaking the symmetry of cations, a novel hybrid material with two successive phase transitions featuring a rare “on–off–on” nonlinear optical switch was obtained.
Impact of halogen⋯halogen interaction on the mechanical motion of a 3D Pb(ii) coordination polymer of elusive topology
Authors: Khan Samim , Naaz Sanobar , Ahmad Shamim , Gomila Rosa M. , Chanthapally Anjana , Frontera Antonio , Mir Mohammad Hedayetullah
Published: August 2024

This work gives emphasis to the effect of halogen⋯halogen interaction on the photosalient behaviour of a 3D Pb(ii) coordination polymer having an unprecedented topological complexity.
Correction: Theobromine supplementation in combination with a low-calorie diet improves cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sharifi-Zahabi Elham , Rezvani Nayebali , Hajizadeh-Sharafabad Fatemeh , Hosseini-Baharanchi Fatemeh Sadat , Shidfar Farzad , Rahimi Mehrali
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘Theobromine supplementation in combination with a low-calorie diet improves cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial’ by Elham Sharifi-Zahabi et al., Food Funct., 2023, 14, 8431–8441, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3FO00555K.
Exploring the catalytic mechanism of the 10–23 DNAzyme: insights from pH–rate profiles
Authors: Parra-Meneses Virginia , Silva-Galleguillos Victoria , Cepeda-Plaza Marjorie
Published: August 2024

Study of the roles of G14 and divalent metal cofactors in the mechanism of catalysis of the 10–23 DNAzyme.
Iodine-promoted sequential C(sp3)–H oxidation and cyclization of aryl methyl ketones with 2-(2-aminophenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-ones
Authors: Arockiaraj Mariyaraj , Rajeshkumar Venkatachalam
Published: August 2024

An efficient one-pot protocol has been developed for the construction of 6-aroyl-5,6-dihydro-8H-quinazolino[4,3-b]quinazolin-8-ones under transition metal-free conditions using an iodine/DMSO system.
Ethyl cellulose-block-poly(benzyl glutamate) block copolymer compatibilizers for ethyl cellulose/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends
Authors: Chinn Abigail F. , Trindade Coutinho Isabela , Kethireddy Saipranavi Reddy , Williams Noah R. , Knott Kenneth M. , Moore Robert B. , Matson John B.
Published: August 2024

A block copolymer with the structure ethylcellulose-block-poly(benzy glutamate) was synthesized via ring-opening polymerization and used as a compatibilizer to produce blends of ethylcellulose and poly(ethylene terephthalate).
Mechanochemical generation of aryne
Authors: Cheng Qianqian , De Bo Guillaume
Published: August 2024

An aryne intermediate is generated upon mechanical dissociation of a benzocyclobutene mechanophore. Such force-generated reactive species could be used in materials and synthesis.
Cross-linking enhances the performance of four-electron carbonylpyridinium based polymers for lithium organic batteries
Authors: Li Hongyan , Chen Ling , Xing Fangfang , Miao Hongya , Zeng Jing , Zhang Sen , He Xiaoming
Published: August 2024

A four-electron bio-derived carbonylpyridinium redox skeleton is developed and incorporated into two tailored polymer architectures. Cross-linking is an effective strategy to improve the battery performance.
Many-defect solutions in planar nematics: interactions, spiral textures and boundary conditions
Authors: Čopar Simon , Kos Žiga
Published: August 2024

Combining topological and logarithmic singularities in nematic textures allows for control over defects shape and orientation. Prescribed defect orientation leads to non-central interdefect forces and changes annihilation trajectories.
Microscopic theory of the elastic shear modulus and length-scale-dependent dynamic re-entrancy phenomena in very dense sticky particle fluids
Authors: Mutneja Anoop , Schweizer Kenneth S.
Published: August 2024

We apply the hybrid projectionless dynamic theory formulation of the elastically collective nonlinear Langevin equation activated dynamics approach to study dense fluids of sticky spheres interacting with short range attractions.
Leveraging the bio-enabled muconic acid platform via phospha-Michael-addition: intrinsically flame-retardant nylon-66/DOPO copolymers
Authors: Carter Prerana , Meyer Peter M. , Lee Ting-Han , Dileep Dhananjay , Chalgren Nickolas L. , Noreen Sohaima , Forrester Michael J. , Shanks Brent H. , Tessonnier Jean-Philippe , Cochran Eric W.
Published: August 2024

We report the tethering of flame-retardant additives like 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to the backbone of a polyamide through trans-3-hexenedioic acid, a bioadvantaged derivative of muconic acid.
“The Decision to End Speech Therapy Brought More Peace and Tranquility Into Our Family”: Exploring Speech-Related Treatment Fatigue and Dropout in Parents and Children With a Cleft Palate
Authors: Alighieri Cassandra , Mouton Tara , Allemeersch Fien , Van Lierde Kristiane
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Treatment fatigue is a complex, multidimensional, multicausal, and subjective phenomenon that is not yet well explored and understood in the area of speech therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate speech-related treatment fatigue and speech treatment dropout in parents and children with a cleft (lip and) palate receiving or having received speech treatment for cleft-related articulation disorders.

Method:

Thirteen participants were included in this study (
n
= seven parents with a median age of 40 years and
n
= six children with a median age of 10 years). Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted separately with parents and children to investigate their experiences with cleft speech treatment. An inductive thematic approach was used to analyze the data and construct different themes. Rigor of the data was verified by conducting an investigator triangulation and by performing member checks.

Results and Conclusions:

The analyses of the interviews yielded three major themes of importance to the children and their parents: (a) physical symptoms of treatment fatigue, (b) psychological symptoms of treatment fatigue, and (c) from treatment fatigue to treatment dropout. Physical symptoms of treatment fatigue were mainly related to transportation burden. On a psychological level, speech treatment may potentially lead to a cognitive-emotional overload. These feelings are primarily related to the practical issue of scheduling required treatment sessions in the family agenda. The decision to discontinue speech treatment was reported to be multifactorial. In this decision-making process, data suggested that the child's perspective must be heard more.
A novel quasi‐FM demodulator as AM demodulator for amplitude limited signals
Authors: Dehkordi Roza Banitalebi , Mivehchy Mohsen , Sabahi Mohammad Farzan
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the changes in the waveform of a sinusoidal carrier resulting from amplitude modulation (AM) process. Based on this analysis, a novel method for extracting amplitude information is proposed. The proposed method uses the behaviour of the amplitude limitation which does not significantly affect the slope of the sinusoidal signal near zero crossing points. A simple comparator is used to convert the changes in sinusoidal slope near zero crossing points into pulse width changes. A simple circuit is proposed which keeps the output pulse width of the comparator constant by a simple control loop. The accuracy of the method is evaluated through simulation and is experimentally tested. If the modulation index is high and the amplitude of the input signal to the detector is limited, the proposed method can yield up at least 9 dB improvement in relative error power. However, if the modulation index is small, the improvement in relative error power can be at least 35 dB compared to other conventional types of AM demodulators.
Entropy‐based sampling for efficient training of deep learning on CNC machining dataset
Authors: Sung Mingyu , Park Chaewon , Ha Sangjun , Ha Minse , Lee Hyeonuk , Kim Jonggeun , Kang Jae‐Mo
Published: August 2024

In the domain of modern manufacturing, computer numerical control (CNC) milling machines have emerged as instrumental assets. However, the data they generate is of vast amount, but usually contains redundancies and displays consistent patterns, making it inefficient for deep learning training. This paper proposes a novel sampling algorithm tailored for CNC milling machine data, emphasizing both diversity and efficiency. The proposed method leverages the entropy concept from the information‐theoretic perspective to evaluate and enhance data diversity, aiming to achieve efficient learning with high accuracy. This in turn enables to not only facilitates a deeper understanding of CNC data characteristics but also contributes significantly to the optimization of deep learning training processes in the context of CNC milling data.
Graph neural networks as strategic transport modelling alternative ‐ A proof of concept for a surrogate
Authors: Narayanan Santhanakrishnan , Makarov Nikita , Antoniou Constantinos
Published: August 2024

Practical applications of graph neural networks (GNNs) in transportation are still a niche field. There exists a significant overlap between the potential of GNNs and the issues in strategic transport modelling. However, it is not clear whether GNN surrogates can overcome (some of) the prevalent issues. Investigation of such a surrogate will show their advantages and the disadvantages, especially throwing light on their potential to replace complex transport modelling approaches in the future, such as the agent‐based models. In this direction, as a pioneer work, this paper studies the plausibility of developing a GNN surrogate for the classical four‐step approach, one of the established strategic transport modelling approaches. A formal definition of the surrogate is presented, and an augmented data generation procedure is introduced. The network of the Greater Munich metropolitan region is used for the necessary data generation. The experimental results show that GNNs have the potential to act as transport planning surrogates and the deeper GNNs perform better than their shallow counterparts. Nevertheless, as expected, they suffer performance degradation with an increase in network size. Future research should dive deeper into formulating new GNN approaches, which are able to generalize to arbitrary large networks.
Transient synchronization stability of a weak‐grid connected VSC considering the interaction of outer control loops and PLL dynamics
Authors: Li Xialin , Pan Li , Wang Zhi , Wang Zhongguan , Zhou Xu , Guo Li
Published: August 2024

Since these large‐scale renewable power generation (RPGs) stations are always located far away from load centres, voltage source converters (VSCs) always operate in weak‐grid connected conditions, due to the long distance of transmission line and increasing capacity of RPGs. Large power disturbance of RPGs easily causes weak‐grid connected VSCs (WG‐VSCs) suffering from transient synchronization instability issue, which is lack of theoretical and quantitative analysis. This paper is motivated to fill this gap. By considering the dynamic interaction of outer DC voltage control, reactive power loop, and phase‐locked loop (PLL), an equivalent synchronization model of a WG‐VSC system is established first. Then, the mechanism of transient synchronization instability is revealed by the combination of equal area criterion and numerical integration method. Furthermore, the concept of feasible region of active power disturbance (FR‐APD) is introduced for the first time. With the constructed FR‐APD, the transient stability of the WG‐VSC system can be confirmed. Finally, experimental results based on the RT‐BOX hardware‐in‐the‐loop platform are presented to verify the theoretical analysis.
Coronal magnetic field and emission properties of small-scale bright and faint loops in the quiet Sun
Authors: Madjarska Maria S. , Wiegelmann Thomas , Démoulin Pascal , Galsgaard Klaus
Published: August 2024

Context. The present study provides statistical information on the coronal magnetic field and intensity properties of small-scale bright and faint loops in the quiet Sun.

Aims. We aim to quantitatively investigate the morphological and topological properties of the coronal magnetic field in bright and faint small-scale loops, with the former known as coronal bright points (CBPs).

Methods. We analyse 126 small-scale loops of all sizes using quasi-temporal imaging and line-of-sight magnetic field observations. These observations are taken by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) in the Fe XII 193 Å channel and the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We employ a recently developed automatic tool that uses a linear magneto-hydro-static (LMHS) model to compute the magnetic field in the solar atmosphere and automatically match individual magnetic field lines with small-scale loops.

Results. For most of the loops, we automatically obtain an excellent agreement of the magnetic field lines from the LMHS model and the loops seen in the AIA 193 Å channel. One stand-out result is that the magnetic field is non-potential. We obtain the typical ranges of loop heights, lengths, intensities, mean magnetic field strength along the loops and at loop tops, and magnetic field strength at loop footpoints. We investigate the relationship between all those parameters. We find that loops below the classic chromospheric height of 1.5 Mm are flatter, suggesting that non-magnetic forces (one of which is the plasma pressure) play an important role below this height. We find a strong correlation (Pearson coefficient of 0.9) between loop heights and lengths. An anti-correlation is found between the magnetic field strength at loop tops and loop heights and lengths. The average intensity along the loops correlates stronger with the average magnetic field along the loops than with the field strength at loop tops.

Conclusions. The latter correlation indicates that the energy release in the loops is more likely linked to the average magnetic field along the loops than the field strength on the loop tops. In other words, the energy is probably released all along the loops, but not just at the loop top. This result is consistent with a recent benchmarking radiative 3D MHD model.
Validation of the RR Lyrae period determination in the Pan-STARRS PS1 3π survey with K2
Authors: Forró Adrienn , Molnár László , Plachy Emese , Juhász Áron , Szabó Róbert
Published: August 2024

Context. The Pan-STARRS 3π survey has detected hundreds of thousands of variable stars thanks to its coverage and 4-year time span, even though the sampling of the light curves is relatively sparse. These light curves contain only 10–15 detections in each of the five filters (g, r, i, z, y). During the K2 mission, the Kepler space telescope observed along the ecliptic plane with a high sampling frequency, although only for about 80 days in each of its campaigns.

Aims. Crossmatching and investigating the RR Lyrae stars observed by both K2 and Pan-STARRS can serve as a valuable tool to validate the classification and period determination of the ground-based survey.

Methods. We used the Sesar catalogue of RR Lyrae stars detected by Pan-STARRS. After determining the overlap between the stars observed by both Pan-STARRS and K2, we also considered the Gaia DR3 SOS RR Lyrae catalogue data for the list of these stars wherever it was available. The frequencies of the light variations were calculated by applying the Lomb-Scargle periodogram method on the K2 light curves that were prepared with autoEAP photometry. The calculated frequencies of the stars then were compared with those given in the Sesar catalogue and the Gaia DR3 RR Lyrae catalogue.

Results. We found that for the majority of the stars, the classification (95.6%) and the frequency determination (90.1%) of the Pan-STARRS RR Lyrae stars were consistent within 0.03 d−1 with those that we derived from the K2 autoEAP light curves. For a significant subset of the sample, 7.4%, however, an offset of 1 or 2 d−1 was found in the frequencies. These are the result of the sampling of the detections, because Pan-STARRS observations are affected by diurnal cycles, whereas Kepler carried out measurements quasi-continuously. We found that RRc subtypes are significantly more affected (25.3%) than RRab subtypes (3.7%), which is most likely caused by RRc stars having less sharp light curve features. Validation via space-based data will be important for future ground-based surveys, as well.
Assessing the residual biases in high-resolution transit absorption spectra correction
Authors: Dethier W. , Tessore B.
Published: August 2024

Context.In recent years it has become common practice to divide observed transit absorption spectra by synthetic absorption spectra computed for the transit of an atmosphere-less planet. This action supposedly corrects the observed absorption spectrum, leaving the sole atmospheric absorption signature free from the biases induced by stellar rotation and centre-to-limb variations.

Aims.We aim to show that while this practice is beneficial, it does not completely correct the absorption spectrum from the stellar distortions and that some residual biases remain, leaving a possibly altered atmospheric signature.

Methods.By reducing the problem to its most basic form, we show that dividing the observed absorption spectrum by a synthetic absorption spectrum of the planet does not isolate the pure atmospheric absorption signature. We also used simulated synthetic transit observations to assess the magnitude of these residual biases in typical transit observations.

Results.We show that dividing the observed absorption spectrum by the planetary absorption spectrum results in an atmospheric signature modulated by the ratio of the flux behind the atmosphere and the flux behind the planet. Depending on the non-homogeneity of the stellar spectrum, this leads to distorted atmospheric signatures. Eventually, directly analysing these biased signatures will lead to wrong estimates of planetary atmosphere properties.
Use of artificial intelligence in smart tourism: bibliometric analysis
Authors: Dziurakh Yurii , Kulyniak Ihor , Halanets Volodymyr , Dzyana Halyna , Dzyanyy Rostyslav
Published: August 2024

The investigation of artificial intelligence utilization in smart tourism is a pertinent and dynamically evolving direction that combines innovative technologies with practical applications in the tourism industry. The search for the most relevant publications was conducted using the search terms “artificial intelligence,” “AI,” and “smart tourism” in titles, abstracts, and keywords within the Scopus bibliographic database for the period from 2013 to July 2023. Utilizing the Scopus database tool “Analyze results,” the growth dynamics of indexed publications were identified; the industry structure of indexed publications in Scopus was determined; and the most cited publications and journals were ascertained. Employing VOSviewer software, network maps of shared words were constructed based on bibliographic data. Six main thematic directions and trends in the study of artificial intelligence utilization in smart tourism were identified.
Intelligent hybrid forecasting for Iraq exports
Authors: Ashour Marwan Abdul Hameed , Abbas Rabab Alayham
Published: August 2024

Accurate forecasting of export trajectories is vital for countries to develop effective trade policies, assess economic growth opportunities, and make informed strategic decisions. This is particularly crucial for Iraq, a nation whose fiscal stability is deeply intertwined with its export performance. Recognizing the need for more sophisticated predictive methods in this domain, this research introduces an innovative hybrid model that synergizes Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Wavelet Transforms (WT). The integration of these two methodologies aims to enhance the precision and adaptability of forecasts of Iraq's export trends. By leveraging the individual strengths of ANN and WT, this model promises to offer a more robust and reliable tool for forecasting, catering to the dynamic and complex nature of export data. This study not only contributes to the theoretical framework of export prediction but also provides practical insights for policymakers and stakeholders in shaping future-oriented trade strategies.
The ship safety evaluation and analysis on the multilayer model case study
Authors: Melnyk Oleksiy , Onishchenko Oleg , Drozhzhyn Oleksii , Pasternak Oleg , Vilshanyuk Marina , Zayats Sergiy , Shcheniavskyi Gennady
Published: August 2024

The article provides an in-depth analysis of the various methodologies used to assess the safety of seagoing vessels during their operational phase. Central to this analysis is the ‘layers of safety’ model, which identifies potential safety risks at different levels of the vessel. An extensive review of safety models widely used in the shipping industry is provided and the article emphasizes the crucial role of accurate data in their development. In addition, the article advocates the need for various methods to assess the probability of potential hazards, including fire hazards. The article highlights the need to comply with maritime safetyrules and regulations and makes recommendations aimed at improving safety methods and techniques. All these measures together contribute to the improvement of operational safety and reliability of maritime cargo transport.
A CFD study to explore the impact of classroom dimensions and infector location on indoor air quality
Authors: Ejaz Muhammad Farhan , Kilpeläinen Simo , Mustakallio Panu , Kosonen Risto
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the influence of infector location and classroom size on indoor air quality, utilizing CO2 as a tracer gas. We employ Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, focusing on the local air quality index as a crucial evaluation parameter. Our research underscores the intricate relationship between infector location, classroom size, and ventilation effectiveness. In a learning environment comprising 16 students and one teacher, larger classrooms, approximately 2.3 times in size, demonstrated the potential to reduce the number of vulnerable students. However, the occupants in the proximity to the infector may still face an increased risk of exposure. The CFD results exhibit that the increasing size (dimensions) of the teaching space significantly reduced the number of vulnerable occupants in all simulated test cases. Moreover, our study also reveals that, when the infector is located near return openings, it not only enhances air quality in its immediate vicinity but also positively influences the overall classroom space.
Understanding confounding factors allows for accurate interpretation of liver stiffness measurements by ElastQ, a novel 2D shear wave elastography technique
Authors: Bauer David JM , De Silvestri Annalisa , Maiocchi Laura , Raimondi Ambra , Mare Ruxandra , Mandorfer Mattias , Sporea Ioan , Müllner-Bucsics Theresa , Ferraioli Giovanna , Reiberger Thomas
Published: August 2024

Purpose Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) or two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) is recommended to assess the risk of liver fibrosis and advanced chronic liver disease. Even though both techniques measure liver stiffness, their numerical results often diverge. Confounders and reliability criteria for 2D-SWE have not been systematically investigated.

Materials and Methods We prospectively recruited participants with paired LSM by VCTE and the novel 2D-SWE technique ElastQ (Philips) in three European tertiary centers. The following parameters were recorded: sex, age, body mass index (BMI), etiology, laboratory markers of liver damage and function, as well as cholestasis, LSM by VCTE and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), interquartile range (IQR)/median for VCTE-LSM and ElastQ-LSM, and the skin-to-liver capsule distance.

Results We included 840 participants: 447 (53.2%) males; median age 57.0 [IQR:19.0] years; median BMI 25.4 [6.0] kg/m2; median VCTE-LSM 7.25 [9.2] kPa; median ElastQ-LSM 6.7 [5.4] kPa. On uni- and multivariable modeling (adjusted for LSM), we found that the discrepancy increased with liver stiffness and markers of disease severity. Skin-to-liver capsule distance and BMI affected VCTE-LSM more compared to ElastQ-LSM and significantly increased the discordance between the two measurements.

Conclusion The discrepancy of ElastQ-LSM to VCTE-LSM increases with liver stiffness and disease severity. BMI and skin-to-liver capsule distance increase the discrepancy between VCTE- and ElastQ-LSM but affect ElastQ-LSM less. The quality criterion IQR/median ≤ 30% indicates reliable ElastQ-LSM.
Embryonic, Fetal, and Neonatal Complications in Infants of Diabetic Mothers: Insights from the Cincinnati Diabetes in Pregnancy Program Project Grant
Authors: Mimouni Francis B. , Khoury Jane C. , Ehrlich Shelley , Rosenn Barak M. , Sheffer-Mimouni Galit , Miodovnik Menachem
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to review how the Cincinnati Diabetes in Pregnancy Program Project Grant (PPG) contributed to the understanding and treatment of neonatal complications in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs). This is a retrospective review of all PPG work on glycemic control at different pregnancy time points and its association with embryonic, fetal, and neonatal complications, such as congenital malformations (CMs), intrauterine growth restriction, macrosomia, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), asphyxia, and polycythemia. We found that maternal vasculopathy and poor glycemic control during embryogenesis, but not frequency of maternal hypoglycemic episodes or insulin therapy, are independent risk factors for major CMs. A suggestive association of major CMs with maternal Magnesium deficiency was also observed. Poor glycemic control during late embryogenesis and early fetal development was associated with an increased risk of minor CMs. We described a biphasic pattern of fetal growth whereby early growth delay was followed by enhanced fetal growth associated with neonatal macrosomia. Macrosomia was associated with poorer glycemic control in the third trimester and an increased risk of birth trauma. Macrosomia was also correlated with animal-origin insulin concentrations in cord blood, demonstrating that insulin bound to antibodies can cross the placenta and may affect the fetus. We also showed that neonatal hypoglycemia was significantly associated with third-trimester glycemic control, in addition to hyperglycemia occurring during labor. With modern management and adequate prenatal care, IDMs are no longer at increased risk for RDS. Perinatal asphyxia was associated with increased proteinuria appearing in pregnancy, maternal hyperglycemia before delivery, and prematurity. Polycythemia in IDMs is prevalent and correlates with proxy measurements of fetal hypoxemia (nucleated red blood cells at delivery) and poorer glycemic control in late pregnancy. The PPG in its various phases revealed the important role of glycemic control at nearly every stage of pregnancy including labor.

Key Points
The Emerging Role of Transnasal Humidified Rapid-Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) Technique and C-MAC Videolaryngoscope for Difficult Airway Management in a Patient with Klippel–Feil Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Kashyap Anjana , Vidyadhara Alia , Srinivasa Vidyadhara , Kanhangad Madhava P.
Published: August 2024

Klippel–Feil syndrome (KFS) is a rare autosomal dominant congenital anomaly characterized by failure in fusion of the cervical vertebrae. There have been no case reports describing the use of a combination of transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) and C-MAC videolaryngoscope in the airway management of an adult patient with KFS. Our patient was a 50-year-old male diagnosed with KFS posted for revision robotic-assisted cervical C2-C4 laminectomy and fusion. He was successfully intubated with the help of THRIVE and C-MAC videolaryngoscope. During induction and intubation, saturation remained above 96%. At the end of surgery, patient was extubated after satisfying all difficult airway extubation criteria. THRIVE and C-MAC videolaryngoscope have been promoted for use in anticipated difficult airway scenarios. We report the first successful usage of THRIVE and C-MAC videolaryngoscope to secure the airway in a patient with KFS.
Intense Noxious Stimulus during an Adequate Depth of General Anesthesia Produces a Transient Burst Suppression Pattern in a Density Spectral Array
Authors: Mariappan Ramamani , Magar James T.
Published: August 2024

There has been renewed interest in utilizing electroencephalogram (EEG)/processed EEG to assess the response to noxious stimuli under general anesthesia (GA). We are submitting multiple observations that explore the intriguing phenomenon of the transient burst suppression pattern (BSP) in the density spectral array (DSA) of the SedLine Masimo during intense noxious stimulation under GA. Three patients underwent spine surgery under sevoflurane/total intravenous anesthesia with adequate depth. Sudden transient BSP was noted on the DSA during an intense noxious stimulus. Traditionally, BSP on the processed EEG/DSA under GA in a hemodynamically stable patient indicates excessive hypnosis. It is usually treated by reducing the dose of a hypnotic agent. Decreasing the depth of anesthesia (DOA) in the presence of intense pain can have adverse consequences, especially in high-risk patients. Awareness of processed EEG/DSA changes associated with intense noxious stimuli, helps the anesthesiologist to titrate analgesia without altering DOA.
Stroke awareness in a Brazilian Northeastern capital city and the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rocha Letícia Januzi de Almeida , Melo Monica Thalia de Brito , Piva Renata Girardi , Rafani Samira Mercaldi , Pontes-Neto Octavio Marques , Rocha Eva , Baggio Jussara Almeida de Oliveira
Published: August 2024

Background The delay in recognizing stroke symptoms is a significant obstacle to receiving acute treatment. Therefore, it is essential to understand the gaps in the knowledge about stroke among the general population and promote campaigns based on these gaps.

Objective To investigate the general knowledge about stroke in a capital in Northeastern Brazil in a sample of individuals who attended a public hospital and the impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the use of emergency services.

Methods We included patients older than 18 years of age and their family members and/or companions. After obtaining consent, the researcher presented a typical case of stroke, and the participants filled out a questionnaire divided into 2 sections: sociodemographic data and 15 questions about stroke detection and seeking health services and treatment.

Results We included 154 individuals with a mean age of 44.45 ± 16.21 years. After presenting the case, 60.4% mentioned the acronym AVC (acidente vascular cerebral, or cerebrovascular accident [stroke], in Portuguese) as a possible explanation, and 54.5% reported that they would call the Mobile Emergency Care Service. However, 62.9% provided the incorrect telephone number for the Mobile Emergency Care Service or lacked knowledge of the accurate number. Regarding the risk factors for stroke, 27.9% did not know any of them, 65.5% were unaware of any treatment, and no reference was made to thrombolytic therapy. About their chosen conduct in the same case in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, 98.1% of the participants would not change their behavior.

Conclusion These results can assist in the planning of public policies and campaigns emphasizing the issue of risk factors and how to access emergency medical services in the state of Alagoas, Brazil.
The Great Communicator: Audrey Holland's Legacy and Lessons
Authors: Fromm Davida , MacWhinney Brian
Published: August 2024

Audrey Holland's core beliefs of respect for people and the quality of their lives informed her life's work. This examination of the ways she managed the academic, research, and clinical parts of her illustrious career shows how Audrey leaves a rich legacy and serves as a model for navigating an impactful career path and enhancing clinical interactions. First, she mentored more than 30 doctoral students who then mentored further generations of students, ran clinics, or shaped policy. She also regularly taught classes, supervised student clinicians, and traveled the world doing lectures and workshops. Second, her scholarship spanned more than 50 years and a range of subjects, such as assessment and treatment, self-determination and self-advocacy, pragmatics, counseling, coaching, and communication strategies. Third, her collaborations with many colleagues within the field and in related fields extended her impact even further. Finally, a close analysis of her clinical communication style shows how Audrey's simple, nonverbal behaviors (e.g., eye contact, body position) brought out the best in the people with whom she worked. On all these levels—mentorship, scholarship, collaboration, and communication style—Audrey's legacy leaves a vast array of powerful lessons that can be studied, emulated, and appreciated for years to come.
Analysis of Techniques in Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repairs across Pediatric Age Groups: EUPSA Trainees of European Pediatric Surgery Survey
Authors: Ulman Hilmican , Aubert Ophelia , Wiernik Agnieszka , Moreno-Alfonso Julio César , Gazzaneo Marta , Sterlin Alexander , Saxena Amulya K.
Published: August 2024

Aim This survey analyzed techniques in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) across pediatric age groups.

Materials and Methods Data were collected through an online survey for pediatric surgeons, comprising of 38 questions, conducted by the European Pediatric Surgeons' Association (EUPSA) Trainees of European Pediatric Surgery (TEPS) LIHR Working Group.

Results The survey was completed by 183 surgeons from 22 countries. Seventy-seven percent of respondents had performed LIHR at least once. Regarding preferences about the patient's gender, 7% respondents perform LIHR only in selected females, 9% routinely in females, 15% in both genders with age/weight restrictions, 24% routinely in both genders, 31% in selected cases, and 14% never perform LIHR. Percutaneous internal ring suturing (PIRS) was the preferred technique in all age groups, with totally extraperitoneal and transabdominal preperitoneal repairs preferred by 9% in adolescents. The majority (59%) repaired a contralateral patent processus vaginalis if present. Hydro-dissection (21%) and additional intra-abdominal instruments (42%) were preferred more often for male patients. The distal hernia sac was left intact by most respondents (92%). Responses regarding recurrence rates varied: 40% responded that LIHR had recurrence rates comparable to open surgery, whereas 10% reported increased recurrences and hence limited its use, and 10% consider that slightly increased recurrences are outweighed by lower complication rates associated with laparoscopic methods and thus continue LIHR.

Conclusions PIRS is the preferred choice for pediatric LIHR. Surgical techniques vary and are influenced by patient gender and age. The survey gives insights into demographics, case selection, and approaches among pediatric surgeons with regard to LIHR.
A first-principles study of low-energy radiation responses of β-Ga2O3
Authors: Jiang Ming , Liu Wang-Jian , Zhou Yan , Liu Xu-Sheng , Singh Chandra Veer
Published: August 2024

The degradation of β-Ga2O3-based devices’ performance may occur when they are bombarded by charged particles in aerospace, astronomy, and nuclear-related applications. It is significant to explore the influence of irradiation on the microstructure of β-Ga2O3 and to reveal the internal relationship between the damage mechanisms and physical characteristics. Thus, we explored the low-energy recoil events of β-Ga2O3 based on the first-principles calculations in the present study. The threshold displacement energies (Eds) significantly depended on the recoil directions and the primary knock-on atoms. Eds of Ga atoms are generally larger than those of O atoms, indicating that the displacements of O atoms dominate under electron irradiation. In the neutral state, the formation energy of VO(I) is lower than that of VO(II) and VO(III), while in the +2 charge state, the case is a reversal. The formation energy of Oint(II) defect is high, and thus its equilibrium concentration is low, indicating that the Oint(II) defect is unlikely to be relevant for the thermal-mechanical properties of β-Ga2O3. The charged VO and Oint defects deteriorate the ability to resist external compression more profoundly, while defective β-Ga2O3 with lower Young's modulus is expected to possess higher elastic compliance than pristine β-Ga2O3. The lattice thermal conductivity of β-Ga2O3 decreases with increasing temperature and the charged point defects generally result in the decreasing lattice thermal conductivity more profoundly than neutral point defects. The presented results provide underlying mechanisms for defect generation in β-Ga2O3 and advance the fundamental understanding of the radiation resistances of semiconductor materials.
Velocity of subsonic and hypersonic surface acoustic waves on silicon with native oxide layer
Authors: Ugarak Fehima , Mosset Alexis , Laude Vincent
Published: August 2024

The anisotropic dependence of the velocity of surface acoustic waves (SAW) on silicon is explored using surface Brillouin light scattering. Measurements of the SAW velocity are compared to a numerical model that takes into account the native thin amorphous oxide layer formed at the top surface of the silicon wafer. The model accounts for material loss and provides a relative estimate for the backscattered intensity resulting from the ripple effect. For the (100) sample considered, a thickness of 4 nm fits well with experimental data, considering material constants of amorphous silica for the oxide. A global phase velocity decrease of −11 m/s per nanometer of silica thickness is predicted for surface phonons at frequencies around 16 GHz.
Conversion of plastic work to heat in crystal Cu: A microscopic view by molecular simulations
Authors: Shi Rong-Hao , Xiao Pan , Yang Rong , Wang Jun
Published: August 2024

The century-long problem of conversion of plastic work to heat is controversial and challenging. In this work, 2D and 3D molecular simulations of crystal Cu are carried out to study the micro-mechanism of plastic work converting to heat. The results show that heat generation comes along with lattice restoration, transferring part of potential energy of defects, i.e., stored energy of cold work (SECW), to kinetic energy. As a result, specific crystallographic defects generate amounts of heat corresponding to variations of their SECW. If the change of microstructure and temperature are only detected at the surface of the system, the time lag of heat generation will be observed. The simulation results are indispensable accompaniments of experimental research, unveiling how plastic heat is affected by the type, propagation path, and density of defects, providing nano-scale explanations for the time lag of temperature rising in experiments.
First measurements of energetic protons in Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak Upgrade (MAST-U)
Authors: Aboutaleb A. , Allan S. Y. , Boeglin W. U. , Cecconello M. , Jackson A. , McClements K. G. , Parr E. ,   MAST-U Team
Published: August 2024

First proton production rates from the d(d,p)t reaction in the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak Upgrade (MAST-U) are measured. The data were taken during the MAST-U experimental campaign with an upgraded version of the proton detector (PD) previously used in MAST. The new detector array consists of three collimated silicon surface barrier detectors with a depletion depth of 300 μm and a collimated 120 μm thick diamond detector, mounted on the MAST-U reciprocating probe arm. This array measures the energies of unconfined energetic 3 MeV protons and 1 MeV tritons mainly produced by beam-thermal DD reactions during neutral beam injection heating. Diamond detectors have the potential to be uniquely suited to detect charged fusion products as they promise to be much more radiation resistant and much less sensitive to temperature variations compared to silicon-based detectors. Using silicon and diamond-based detectors simultaneously allowed us to directly compare the performance of these two detector types. PD particle rates measured during different plasma scenarios are presented and compared to neutron rates measured using the neutron camera upgrade and TRANSP predictions.
A molecular ground electronic state with an occupied 5g spinor—The superheavy (E125)F molecule
Authors: Peterson Kirk A. , Malli Gulzari L.
Published: August 2024

Fully relativistic calculations, primarily at the 4-component coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] level of theory with the Dirac–Coulomb (DC) Hamiltonian, have been carried out for the superheavy (E125)F molecule using large Gaussian basis sets. The electronic ground state is determined to have an [Og]8s25g16f3 configuration on E125 with an Ω = 6 ground state and an 8p electron largely donated to F. A Mulliken population analysis indicates that the ground state is mainly ionic with a partial charge of +0.79 on E125 and a single sigma bond involving the F 2p and E125 8p spinors. The occupied g spinor is not involved in the bonding. With the largest basis set used in this work, the (0 K) dissociation energy was calculated at the DC-CCSD(T) level of theory to be 7.02 eV. Analogous calculations were also carried out for the E125 atom, both the neutral and its cation. The lowest energy electron configuration of E125+, [Og]8s1/225g7/216f5/23 with a J = 6 ground state, was found to be similar to that in (E125)F, while the neutral E125 atom has an [Og]8s1/225g7/216f5/227d3/218p1/21 ground state electron configuration with a J = 17/2 ground state. The ionization energy (IE) of E125 is reported for the first time and is calculated to be 4.70 eV at the DC-CCSD(T) level of theory. Non-relativistic calculations were also carried out on the E125 atom and the (E125)F molecule. The non-relativistic ground state of the E125 atom was calculated to have a 5g5 ground state with an IE of just 3.4 eV. The net effect of relativity on (E125)F is to stabilize its bonding.
Quasi-2D high mobility channel E-mode
β
-Ga2O3 MOSFET with Johnson FOM of 7.56 THz·V
Authors: Wang Xi-Chen , Lu Xiao-Li , He Yun-Long , Zhang Fang , Shao Yu , Liu Peng , Zhang Zhi-Nan , Zheng Xue-Feng , Chen Wei-Wei , Wang Lei , Yang Jun , Ma Xiao-Hua , Hao Yue
Published: August 2024

In this Letter, an enhancement mode (E-mode) β-Ga2O3 metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) with quasi-two-dimensional channel was reported, and the channel mobility of 147.5 cm2/(V·s) is achieved. Low damage etching technology and low Ohmic contact resistance technology are introduced. As a result, the E-mode transistor demonstrates a maximum drain to source current (ID) of 230.5 mA/mm, a peak transconductance (Gm) of 54.2 mS/mm, a current gain cut-off frequency (fT) of 18 GHz, and a power gain cut-off frequency (fMAX) of 42 GHz. Additionally, a positive threshold voltage (VT) of 1.65 V, a breakdown voltage (VBK) of 420 V, and a specific on-resistance (RON,SP) of 1.24 mΩ·cm2 are achieved. Moreover, a fMAX × VBK of 17.64 THz·V and a fT × VBK of 7.56 THz·V are found to be a close value so far to the theoretical limit of β-Ga2O3. This device leads to excellent radio frequency (RF) characteristics, which paved the way for future millimeter-wave RF power electronics applications with β-Ga2O3 MOSFET.