bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of UML Class Diagram in Object-Oriented Software Development
Authors: Nikiforova Oksana , Sejans Janis , Cernickins Antons
Published: February 2012

Role of UML Class Diagram in Object-Oriented Software Development

UML is an industrial standard for object-oriented software specification which offers a notation for class modeling during object oriented software development. Since the UML class diagram is a so-called "bridge" between software specification at the user side and software realization at the developer side, it requires strong guidelines for identification of class objects from the problem domain and notational conventions for modeling of the class diagram for its further usage in system coding. This paper presents a discussion on problematic stages and possible element transformations into software components. Several conclusions are drawn on potential usage of the class diagram in industry.
Towards the Semantic Web Expert System
Authors: Verhodubs Olegs , Grundspenkis Janis
Published: February 2012

Towards the Semantic Web Expert System

The paper presents a conception of the Semantic Web Expert System which is the logical continuation of the expert system development. The Semantic Web Expert System emerges as the result of evolution of expert system concept and it means expert system moving toward the Web and using new Semantic Web technologies. The proposed conception of the Semantic Web Expert System promises to have new useful features that distinguish it from other types of expert systems.
Electrochemical Characteristics of Particulate Matter
Authors: Baitimirova Margarita , Osite Agnese , Katkevich Juris , Viksna Arturs
Published: February 2012

Electrochemical Characteristics of Particulate Matter

The current work is dedicated to electrochemical impedance spectra analysis of the fine and coarse airborne particulate matter sampled on the glass fibre filters in Riga city air. The cyclic voltammograms, impedance spectra and double layer capacitance spectra of particulate matter were obtained after the pre-treatment of samples. The equivalent circuit method and the statistical method were used for impedance spectra analysis. Analyzing the impedance spectra, it was concluded that the impedance of both - fine and coarse particles heated in N2 flow does not change by aerosol mass concentration variations. On the other hand, the impedance of particulate matter heated in O2 flow increases, by increasing PM10 mass concentration. Describing the spectra of double layer capacitance, it was observed that the double layer capacitance of aerosols heated in N2 flow did not change, by mass concentration and size variations. However, by increasing mass concentration of coarse aerosols heated in O2 flow, the double layer capacitance reduced.
A Longitudinal Study of Teaching Practice and Early Career Decisions
Authors: Cochran-Smith Marilyn , McQuillan Patrick , Mitchell Kara , Terrell Dianna Gahlsdorf , Barnatt Joan , D’Souza Lisa , Jong Cindy , Shakman Karen , Lam Karen , Gleeson Ann Marie
Published: February 2012

Although the turnover rate among beginning teachers has been a major concern for some time, most studies do not link teacher retention with teaching practice. In contrast, this study looks specifically at career decisions coupled with practice. Guided by a view of teaching as social and cultural practice, the study used multiple qualitative data sources, including extensive observations, interviews, and samples of teachers’ and students’ work. Based on within- and cross-case analysis of 15 cases at four distinct time points within a 5-year period, the authors identified multiple patterns of teaching practice linked to early career decisions, which reflect considerable variation in quality of teaching and career trajectory. The authors argue that “stayers” and “leavers” are not homogeneous groups, as is often assumed in research and policy. Rather, there are multiple variations of practice coupled with career decisions, some desirable and others not, with different implications for policy and practice.
Our Princess Is in Another Castle
Authors: Young Michael F. , Slota Stephen , Cutter Andrew B. , Jalette Gerard , Mullin Greg , Lai Benedict , Simeoni Zeus , Tran Matthew , Yukhymenko Mariya
Published: February 2012

Do video games show demonstrable relationships to academic achievement gains when used to support the K-12 curriculum? In a review of literature, we identified 300+ articles whose descriptions related to video games and academic achievement. We found some evidence for the effects of video games on language learning, history, and physical education (specifically exergames), but little support for the academic value of video games in science and math. We summarize the trends for each subject area and supply recommendations for the nascent field of video games research. Many educationally interesting games exist, yet evidence for their impact on student achievement is slim. We recommend separating simulations from games and refocusing the question onto the situated nature of game-player-context interactions, including meta-game social collaborative elements.
“I Want to Ride My Bicycle”
Authors: Myrda Sønke
Published: February 2012

The Bicycle Film Festival (BFF) has grown from a minor grassroots event to a global “Fest” staging urban cycling events in over two dozen cities worldwide. In its 11th year in New York City, the “BFF” New York (June 22–26, 2011) intends to provide its participants with a “weekend full of bike movies, music, art, street party and after parties,”1 before going on tour around the globe. Festival cities include Amsterdam, Athens, Lisbon, London, Los Angeles, Milan, Paris, Sao Paolo, Sydney, Taiwan, Tokyo, Vienna.
Coexistence of intracranial aneurysm in 800 patients with surgically confirmed pituitary adenoma
Authors: Oh Min Chul , Kim Eui Hyun , Kim Sun Ho
Published: February 2012

Object

The purpose of this study was to assess factors associated with intracranial aneurysm (IA) in patients with pituitary adenoma (PA). In addition, these patients were compared with a control group from the general patient population in terms of the age-matched prevalence rate and the pattern of distribution of IA.

Methods

The authors retrospectively reviewed 800 patients who received transsphenoidal surgery for PA and 3850 control patients from the general patient population who were evaluated for routine health care at the authors' institution between 2004 and 2010. All patients underwent MR imaging and MR angiography. Hormone assessment and pathological examination performed using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were completed for patients with PA.

Results

Coexistence of IA in patients with PA was detected in 18 patients (2.3%). Multivariate analysis showed that age (p = 0.04) and cavernous sinus invasion (p < 0.001) were correlated with the increased incidence of IA, but hormone type, IHC staining, and sex were not associated. An age-matched comparison of the prevalence of IA showed an increased prevalence in patients with PA compared with the controls (p = 0.014), and when categorized according to age by decade, the 6th decade was significantly different (p = 0.039). However, the intracranial distribution pattern of IA did not demonstrate a significant difference.

Conclusions

Older age and the existence of a cavernous sinus invasion were correlated with increased incidence of IA in patients with PA. An age-matched comparison showed an increased incidence of IA in patients with PA than in the controls.
Treatment and outcomes of acute intracranial vertebrobasilar artery occlusion: one institution's experience
Authors: Webb Sharon , Yashar Parham , Kan Peter , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Hopkins L. Nelson , Levy Elad I.
Published: February 2012

Object

The treatment of acute intracranial vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (VBO) has been described but often with poor results. The authors of this study set out to evaluate their institution's outcomes following multimodal treatment of VBO.

Methods

They retrospectively reviewed their endovascular database for all patients treated for acute intracranial VBO between December 2004 and June 2010. Twenty-four patients were identified. Two patients were excluded from evaluation—one because of incomplete medical records and one because the etiology was basilar stenosis and not stroke. Occlusion location, hypercoagulable causes, time to endovascular treatment, time to revascularization, comorbidities, devices used, procedural anticoagulation, and outcomes were analyzed.

Results

Among the 22 eligible study patients, the mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at presentation was 15.3. The mean time from presentation to initiation of the endovascular procedure was 4.77 hours. The mean time for recanalization from the start of angiography was 1.63 hours. In 16 patients (73%), revascularization was successful (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] score of 2 or 3). Thirteen (59%) of the 22 patients were discharged to home or a rehabilitation facility. One patient was transferred to a chronic care facility. The overall survival rate was 64%. The average NIHSS score for the 14 surviving patients at discharge was 3.9. At the follow-up (average 14.5 months, range 1–58 months), 10 patients (71%) had achieved good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score ≤ 2) and 4 (29%) had poor outcomes (mRS Score 3–6).

Conclusions

Published case series have historically shown poor outcomes and high mortality rates in association with the treatment of acute VBO, prompting surgeons to be less aggressive in the treatment of this disease than they might be otherwise. Data in this series show that the revascularization of posterior circulation occlusions is feasible and that good outcomes and lower mortality rates with newer endovascular technologies are possible, and thus more prompt and aggressive treatment of this disease may be warranted.
Mesures de gestion favorisant les coléoptères du bois dans une réserve forestière
Authors: Barbalat Sylvie
Published: February 2012

Measures favouring saproxylic beetles in a forest reserve

The goal of this study is to propose conservation measures aiming at favouring saproxylic beetle populations, considering the general management of a forest reserve. The study site is a periurban forest above the city of Neuchâtel in the Swiss Jura. The studied habitats are oak and beech forests alternating with dry meadow patches and black pine (Pinus nigra) plantations. The general management goal of this forest reserve is to conserve rare plant associations and to preserve characteristical fauna and flora. In order to achieve these goals, the following management actions were undertaken: preserve open habitats, reduce black pine occurrence, restore and enhance oak forest and preserve islands of old growth.

An inventory of four beetle families (Cerambycidae, Buprestidae, Lucanidae and Cetoniidae) was made by means of direct collection. Between 2004 and 2009, twenty-five collecting tours lasting for an average of 1 hour 45 minutes were performed from the beginning of May to the beginning of July. Fifty-two beetle species were caught and grouped in six categories based on their larval ecology. For each of them, enhancing actions were proposed, potential conflicts between saproxylic beetle conservation and general management actions were discussed. In order to find a balance between sometimes contradictory actions, the best solution to promote an optimal biodiversity is a patchwork of forest and open biotopes. As far as saproxylic beetles are concerned, tree diversity should be enhanced and old trees preserved. In the open areas, old bushes growing in the edges should not be removed.
Wie gross sollen Altholzinseln sein?
Authors: Müller Markus , Lachat Thibault , Bütler Rita
Published: February 2012

How large should old-growth islands be?

About 5% of the Swiss forest surface should be protected as natural forest reserves or as old-growth islands until 2030. This goal, which has been formulated by the Federal Office for the Environment and by the cantons, aims to promote the natural development of the forest and to conserve saproxylic species. Beside large-sized natural forest reserves, smaller old-growth islands may also play an important role. A bootstrapping method has been developed to define the minimal size of old-growth islands based on a field inventory in high forests without logging since at least 30 years. Three different indicators for habitat structures have been used to establish the ecological potential of old-growth islands: the total number of habitat structures, the amount of deadwood and the number of woodpecker trees. The threshold has been defined as the average of each indicator minus the standard error for different forest types. The surface of an island is determined at the point where 75% of the modeled surfaces are above the threshold, which guarantees a certain ecological potential. This surface reaches 0.7 ha for floodplain forests, 0.9 ha for beech and fir-beech forests and 1.2 ha for silver spruce-fir forests. The computed values are minimal rather than optimal surfaces for old-growth islands. With an increase of the surface, sustainability, quantity and quality of the habitats will be improved. Therefore, the size of old-growth islands should be larger whenever the local circumstances are favorable.
Durch Standards die Interoperabilität von forstlichen Warenwirtschaftssystemen verbessern
Authors: Blattert Clemens , Lemm Renato , Ehrhardt Ina , Seeling Ute
Published: February 2012

Improving the interoperability of forest enterprise resource planning systems with standards

To ensure forestry, the timber industry and their products are competitive, flexible and time-optimized logistics processes are necessary. These, in turn, require a fast, safe and efficient flow of information, for which IT-based enterprise resource planning systems (ERP) provide an essential basis. ERP systems are increasingly being used in the forestry-wood-products chain. ERP systems that can work together beyond their original application range are needed for an efficient information flow. Because of the heterogeneity of these systems, simple and clear standards must be defined at the interfaces. That means the computers have to use the same language not only technically but also from the point of view of the content to be communicated. The following article analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the four standardization efforts Eldat, FHPDAT, Papinet and Cosemat and derives some initial recommendations for further developments.
Effects of diluents, dilution ratios and cryoprotectants for the cryopreservation of Thai Sharpunti (Barbodes gonionotus) spermatozoa
Authors: Uddowla MH , Salma U , Rahman MM , Hossain MS , Mollah MFA
Published: February 2012

Attempts were made to develop a protocol for the long term cryogenic freezing of Thai sharpunti (Barbodes goininotus) spermatozoa to maintain the gene pool as well as biodiversity. For these purpose, experiments were carried out with three specific objectives i.e., to find out the suitable diluents, dilution ratios (milt: cryodiluents) and suitable cryoprotectants. Effects of as many as 12 diluents and the three cryoprotectants were tested initially for the post thawed spermatozoa motility. Among the 12 diluents which gave more than 50%> motility in equilibrated periods (10-15 mins. of mixing with cryodiluents) were subsequently used for cryopreservation. Urea-egg-yolk as diluents was the most effective among the 12 diluents followed by egg-yolk citrate and Korokura solution. Urea-egg-yolk showed 52.91% spermatozoa motility on its 1st day and 46.87% on 30th day whereas egg-yolk citrate solution showed 46.25% and 38.53% motility on 1st and 30th day respectively. Four dilution ratios 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 and 1:6 were used out of which 1:5 seemed to be most suitable on both of Urea-egg-yolk and egg-yolk citrate. To select the best fraction (%) of cryoprotectants to the diluents trials were given with DMSO, glycerol, ethanol at 10% and a combination of 5% DMSO and 5% glycerol. Ten percent DMSO and combination of 5% DMSO + 5% glycerol was proven best. Proper application of this technology in field could be effective tools for protecting the endangered species in Bangladesh. Key words: Milt; diluents; Spermatozoa; Cryoprotectants; cryopreservation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i2.8820 International Journal of Natural Sciences (2011), 1(2):44-51
Dietary Fibers and Cardiometabolic Diseases
Authors: Riccioni Graziano , Sblendorio Valeriana , Gemello Eugenio , Di Bello Barbara , Scotti Luca , Cusenza Salvatore , D’Orazio Nicolantonio
Published: February 2012

The high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is largely attributable to the contemporary lifestyle that is often sedentary and includes a diet high in saturated fats and sugars and low ingestion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fruit, vegetables, and fiber. Experimental data from both animals and humans suggest an association between increased dietary fiber (DF) intakes and improved plasma lipid profiles, including reduced low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. These observations underline that the intake of DF may protect against heart disease and stroke.
Composition, Structure and Functional Properties of Protein Concentrates and Isolates Produced from Walnut (Juglans regia L.)
Authors: Mao Xiaoying , Hua Yufei
Published: February 2012

In this study, composition, structure and the functional properties of protein concentrate (WPC) and protein isolate (WPI) produced from defatted walnut flour (DFWF) were investigated. The results showed that the composition and structure of walnut protein concentrate (WPC) and walnut protein isolate (WPI) were significantly different. The molecular weight distribution of WPI was uniform and the protein composition of DFWF and WPC was complex with the protein aggregation. H0 of WPC was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) than those of DFWF and WPI, whilst WPI had a higher H0 compared to DFWF. The secondary structure of WPI was similar to WPC. WPI showed big flaky plate like structures; whereas WPC appeared as a small flaky and more compact structure. The most functional properties of WPI were better than WPC. In comparing most functional properties of WPI and WPC with soybean protein concentrate and isolate, WPI and WPC showed higher fat absorption capacity (FAC). Emulsifying properties and foam properties of WPC and WPI in alkaline pH were comparable with that of soybean protein concentrate and isolate. Walnut protein concentrates and isolates can be considered as potential functional food ingredients.
Functional Expression of an Orchid Fragrance Gene in Lactococcus lactis
Authors: Song Adelene Ai Lian , Abdullah Janna O. , Abdullah Mohd Puad , Shafee Norazizah , Rahim Raha A.
Published: February 2012

Vanda Mimi Palmer (VMP), an orchid hybrid of Vanda tesselata and Vanda Tan Chay Yan is a highly scented tropical orchid which blooms all year round. Previous studies revealed that VMP produces a variety of isoprenoid volatiles during daylight. Isoprenoids are well known to contribute significantly to the scent of most fragrant plants. They are a large group of secondary metabolites which may possess valuable characteristics such as flavor, fragrance and toxicity and are produced via two pathways, the mevalonate (MVA) pathway or/and the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. In this study, a sesquiterpene synthase gene denoted VMPSTS, previously isolated from a floral cDNA library of VMP was cloned and expressed in Lactococcus lactis to characterize the functionality of the protein. L. lactis, a food grade bacterium which utilizes the mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid production was found to be a suitable host for the characterization of plant terpene synthases. Through recombinant expression of VMPSTS, it was revealed that VMPSTS produced multiple sesquiterpenes and germacrene D dominates its profile.
Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Octacosanol from the Leaves of Sabicea grisea var. grisea in Mice
Authors: Oliveira Anderson Marques de , Conserva Lucia M. , De Souza Ferro Jamylle N. , Brito Fabíola de Almeida , Lemos Rosângela P. Lyra , Barreto Emiliano
Published: February 2012

Sabicea species are used in the Amazon for treatment of fever and malaria, which suggests that its chemical constituents may have some effect on pain and inflammation. Phytochemical analysis of the hexane fraction obtained from the crude ethanol extract from Sabicea grisea var. grisea Cham. & Schltdl (Rubiaceae), an endemic plant in Brazil, resulted in the isolation of octacosanol. This study investigated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the octacosanol in different experimental models. The crude ethanolic extract and hexane fraction obtained from the leaves of S. grisea produced an inhibition of acetic acid-induced pain. Moreover, octacosanol isolated from the hexane fraction produced a significant inhibition of pain response elicited by acetic acid. Pre-treatment with yohimbine, an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, notably reversed the antinociceptive activity induced by octacosanol in the abdominal constriction test. Furthermore, mice treated with octacosanol did not exhibit any behavioral alteration during the hot plate and rota-rod tests, indicating non-participation of the supraspinal components in the modulation of pain by octacosanol with no motor abnormality. In the formalin test, octacosanol did not inhibit the licking time in first phase (neurogenic pain), but significantly inhibited the licking time in second phase (inflammatory pain) of mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of octacosanol was evaluated using carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The octacosanol significantly reduced the total leukocyte count and neutrophils influx, as well as TNF-α levels in the carrageenan-induced pleurisy. This study revealed that the mechanism responsible for the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the octacosanol appears to be partly associated with an inhibition of alpha 2-adrenergic transmission and an inhibition of pathways dependent on pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, these results demonstrated that the octacosanol from the leaves of S. grisea possesses antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, which could be of relevance for the pharmacological control of pain and inflammatory processes.
Tetrachloridocuprates(II)—Synthesis and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy
Authors: Winter Alette , Zabel André , Strauch Peter
Published: February 2012

Ionic liquids (ILs) on the basis of metal containing anions and/or cations are of interest for a variety of technical applications e.g., synthesis of particles, magnetic or thermochromic materials. We present the synthesis and the results of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic analyses of a series of some new potential ionic liquids based on tetrachloridocuprates(II), [CuCl4]2−, with different sterically demanding cations: hexadecyltrimethylammonium 1, tetradecyltrimethylammonium 2, tetrabutylammonium 3 and benzyltriethylammonium 4. The cations in the new compounds were used to achieve a reasonable separation of the paramagnetic Cu(II) ions for EPR spectroscopy. The EPR hyperfine structure was not resolved. This is due to the exchange broadening, resulting from still incomplete separation of the paramagnetic Cu(II) centers. Nevertheless, the principal values of the electron Zeemann tensor (g║ and g┴) of the complexes could be determined. Even though the solid substances show slightly different colors, the UV/Vis spectra are nearly identical, indicating structural changes of the tetrachloridocuprate moieties between solid state and solution. The complexes have a promising potential e.g., as high temperature ionic liquids, as precursors for the formation of copper chloride particles or as catalytic paramagnetic ionic liquids.
Ant Larval Demand Reduces Aphid Colony Growth Rates in an Ant-Aphid Interaction
Authors: Oliver Tom H. , Leather Simon R. , Cook James M.
Published: February 2012

Ants often form mutualistic interactions with aphids, soliciting honeydew in return for protective services. Under certain circumstances, however, ants will prey upon aphids. In addition, in the presence of ants aphids may increase the quantity or quality of honeydew produced, which is costly. Through these mechanisms, ant attendance can reduce aphid colony growth rates. However, it is unknown whether demand from within the ant colony can affect the ant-aphid interaction. In a factorial experiment, we tested whether the presence of larvae in Lasius niger ant colonies affected the growth rate of Aphis fabae colonies. Other explanatory variables tested were the origin of ant colonies (two separate colonies were used) and previous diet (sugar only or sugar and protein). We found that the presence of larvae in the ant colony significantly reduced the growth rate of aphid colonies. Previous diet and colony origin did not affect aphid colony growth rates. Our results suggest that ant colonies balance the flow of two separate resources from aphid colonies- renewable sugars or a protein-rich meal, depending on demand from ant larvae within the nest. Aphid payoffs from the ant-aphid interaction may change on a seasonal basis, as the demand from larvae within the ant colony waxes and wanes.
Martensitic Transformation in Ultrafine-Grained Stainless Steel AISI 304L Under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading
Authors: Böhner Andreas , Niendorf Thomas , Amberger Doris , Höppel Heinz Werner , Göken Mathias , Maier Hans Jürgen
Published: February 2012

The monotonic and cyclic deformation behavior of ultrafine-grained metastable austenitic steel AISI 304L, produced by severe plastic deformation, was investigated. Under monotonic loading, the martensitic phase transformation in the ultrafine-grained state is strongly favored. Under cyclic loading, the martensitic transformation behavior is similar to the coarse-grained condition, but the cyclic stress response is three times larger for the ultrafine-grained condition.
Sustained Growth of the Impact Factors of MDPI Open Access Journals
Authors: Rordorf Dietrich
Published: February 2012

Following the tradition established during the past two years [1,2], we are pleased to report the newly released Impact Factors of MDPI open access journals by the means of an editorial. This year’s edition of the Journal Citation Reports (JCR), which is published annually by Thomson Reuters, includes seven journals published by MDPI, including three that received their first official Impact Factors – Energies, Entropy, and more surprisingly Viruses – the latest with citation data from 2009 only. We are pleased to announce that the continued growth in Impact Factors reported during the past two years has been sustained, and Impact Factors of MDPI journals continue on a growth path. Table 1 reports the latest Impact Factors for 2010. Figure 1 graphically depicts the evolution of the Impact Factors for the four MDPI open access journals that have received Impact Factors in the past. Table 2 reports the ranking of the MDPI journals within the subject categories of the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE). [...]
GHGKHKNK Octapeptide (P-5m) Inhibits Metastasis of HCCLM3 Cell Lines via Regulation of MMP-2 Expression in in Vitro and in Vivo Studies
Authors: Han Xiao , Yan Dong-Mei , Zhao Xiang-Feng , Hiroshi Matsuura , Ding Wei-Guang , Li Peng , Jiang Shuang , Du Bai-Rong , Du Pei-Ge , Zhu Xun
Published: February 2012

P-5m, an octapeptide derived from domain 5 of HKa, was initially found to inhibit the invasion and migration of melanoma cells. The high metastatic potential of melanoma cells was prevented by the HGK motif in the P-5m peptide in vitro and in an experimental lung metastasis model, suggesting that P-5m may play an important role in the regulation of tumor metastasis. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of P-5m on tumor metastasis of human hepatocarcinoma cell line (HCCLM3) in vitro and in vivo in a nude mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and detect the mechanisms involved in P-5m-induced anti-metastasis. By gelatin zymography, matrix metallo-proteinases 2 (MMP-2) activity in HCCLM3 was dramatically diminished by P-5m peptide. In addition, the migration and metastasis of HCCLM3 cells was also inhibited by the peptide in vitro. In an orthotopic model of HCC in nude mice, P-5m treatment effectively reduced the lung metastasis as well as the expression of MMP-2 in the tumor tissues. Overall, these observations indicate an important role for P-5m peptide in HCC invasion and metastasis, at least partially through modulation MMP-2 expression. These data suggests that P-5m may have therapeutic potential in metastatic human hepatocarcinoma.
Design, Synthesis and Anti-fibrosis Activity Study of N1-Substituted Phenylhydroquinolinone Derivatives
Authors: Wu Ling , Liu Bin , Li Qianbin , Chen Jun , Tao Lijian , Hu Gaoyun
Published: February 2012

Pirfenidone (5-methyl-1-phenyl-2(1H)-pyridone, PFD) is a small-molecule compound acting on multiple targets involved in pathological fibrogenesis and is effective to increase the survival of patients with fibrosis, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, PFD is not active enough, requiring a high daily dose. In this study, to keep the multiple target profiles, N1-substituted phenylhydroquinolinone derivatives, which retain the 1-phenyl-2(1H)-pyridone scaffold were designed and synthesized. The preliminary anti-fibrosis activities for all target compounds were evaluated on a NIH3T3 fibroblast cell line using MTT assay methods. Most compounds showed significant inhibition on NIH3T3 cell proliferation with a IC50 range of 0.09–26 mM, among which 5-hydroxy-1-(4'-bromophenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-2(1H)-one (6j) displayed 13 times higher potency (IC50 = 0.3 mM) than that of AKF-PD (IC50 = 4.2 mM). These results suggest that N1-substituted phenylhydroquinolinone is a promising scaffold which can be applied for further investigation and for developing novel anti-fibrosis agents.
Total Synthesis and Antidepressant Activities of Laetispicine and Its Derivatives
Authors: Yao Shuyi , Xie Hui , Zhang Li , Meng Tao , Zhang Yongliang , Wang Xin , Chen Lin , Pan Shengli , Shen Jingkang
Published: February 2012

The first total synthesis of laetispicine (1a), an amide alkaloid isolated from the stems of Piper laetispicum C.DC (Piperaceae), and the synthesis of some of its derivatives were described. Based on the evaluation of antidepressant activities in the forced swimming test, compounds 1h and 1i were identified as potent and safe antidepressant lead compounds.
Dendronization: A Useful Synthetic Strategy to Prepare Multifunctional Materials
Authors: Paez Julieta I. , Martinelli Marisa , Brunetti Verónica , Strumia Miriam C.
Published: February 2012

Dendronization is a synthetic methodology that offers important advantages. The resulting products, which are called dendronized materials, present new and specific properties. This review shows numerous examples in which individual dendrons are used as building blocks to prepare more complex arrays via covalent or non-covalent interactions. In particular, it points out how the structural information programmed into the dendritic architecture can be used in the dendronization process to generate nanostructures with specific tailored properties. We emphasize the use of different dendrons, with diverse chemical structure and size, to functionalize diverse substrates like linear polymers, and plane and curved inorganic surfaces. Apart from this, the review also demonstrates that self-assembly represents an ideal approach to create well-defined hyperbranched surfaces and it includes some discussion about the ability of both organic and inorganic building blocks to direct this process.
Next‐generation sequencing‐based transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the common reed, Phragmites australis (Poaceae), reveals genes involved in invasiveness and rhizome specificity
Authors: He Ruifeng , Kim Min‐Jeong , Nelson William , Balbuena Tiago S. , Kim Ryan , Kramer Robin , Crow John A. , May Greg D. , Thelen Jay J. , Soderlund Carol A. , Gang David R.
Published: February 2012

• Premise of the study: The common reed (Phragmites australis), one of the most widely distributed of all angiosperms, uses its rhizomes (underground stems) to invade new territory, making it one of the most successful weedy species worldwide. Characterization of the rhizome transcriptome and proteome is needed to identify candidate genes and proteins involved in rhizome growth, development, metabolism, and invasiveness.

• Methods: We employed next‐generation sequencing technologies including 454 and Illumina platforms to characterize the reed rhizome transcriptome and used quantitative proteomics techniques to identify the rhizome proteome.

• Key results: Combining 336514 Roche 454 Titanium reads and 103350802 Illumina paired‐end reads in a de novo hybrid assembly yielded 124450 unique transcripts with an average length of 549 bp, of which 54317 were annotated. Rhizome‐specific and differentially expressed transcripts were identified between rhizome apical tips (apical meristematic region) and rhizome elongation zones. A total of 1280 nonredundant proteins were identified and quantified using GeLC‐MS/MS based label‐free proteomics, where 174 and 77 proteins were preferentially expressed in the rhizome elongation zone and apical tip tissues, respectively. Genes involved in allelopathy and in controlling development and potentially invasiveness were identified.

• Conclusions: In addition to being a valuable sequence and protein data resource for studying plant rhizome species, our results provide useful insights into identifying specific genes and proteins with potential roles in rhizome differentiation, development, and function.
Traces d'objectivité. Causalité et probabilités en physique quantique
Authors: Bitbol Michel
Published: February 2012

Résumé Contrairement à une opinion répandue, la constitution d’objectivité (au sens de Kant) n’exige pas une application stricte, déterministe, de la catégorie de causalité aux phénomènes manifestés dans l’espace-temps. Certaines théories stochastiques, utilisant les probabilités à leur niveau fondamental, parviennent tout autant à constituer une région d’objets que des théories déterministes. On cherche donc dans cet article à rassembler les conditions à remplir pour que des nombres puissent être considérés comme probabilités de propriétés intrinsèques d’un objet d’expérience. Ces conditions, synthétisant en elles des relations dues à George Boole et les inégalités de John Bell, sont discutées en détail. Lorsqu’elles ne ne sont pas satisfaites, elles conduisent à soupçonner l’impossibilité de parachever le détachement d’un objet de connaissance à l’égard des moyens de le connaître.
La fondation de la Banque des règlements internationaux
Authors: Clavert Frédéric
Published: February 2012

Cet article s’attache à décrire et à analyser la création de la Banque des Règlements internationaux en 1930. Se fondant essentiellement sur des archives allemandes et françaises, il tente d’expliquer pourquoi les banquiers centraux membres du Comité Young puis du Comité d’organisation de la banque des règlements internationaux ont fini, malgré une attitude ambivalente de la Reichsbank et de Hjalmar Schacht, par se mettre d’accord sur les fonctions et la fondation de la BRI. Dans ce processus, l’accord des banquiers centraux sur l’idée d’indépendance des banques centrales est fondamental.
L'indépendance de la Banque nationale de Roumanie en question : le gouverneur Burillianu et la mission de la Banque de France au début des années trente
Authors: Racianu Ileana
Published: February 2012

Cet article analyse les relations entre le gouverneur de la Banque nationale de Roumanie, Dimitrie Burillianu, et le pouvoir politique au début des années trente. Ayant refusé d’accepter la prolongation de la mission financière de la Banque de France, qui devient une sorte de conditionnalité, imposée au Gouvernement roumain en échange d’un emprunt international, le gouverneur Burillianu est révoqué par décret royal le 10 mars 1931. Cette mesure illustre la fragilité de l’indépendance que la Banque nationale de Roumanie avait acquise le 7 février 1929, date à laquelle la monnaie roumaine avait été stabilisée grâce à un emprunt international organisé par la Banque de France.
Le « Comité Werner » : nouvelles archives
Authors: Rodica Danescu Elena
Published: February 2012

Centrées sur le « plan d’une union économique et monétaire par étapes » présenté publiquement le 8 octobre 1970, les recherches dans le fonds des archives inédites de la famille Werner permettent la mise en lumière tant du déroulement des travaux du comité Werner, de l’incidence du plan Werner sur la poursuite du chemin vers l’Union économique et monétaire, que de la contribution personnelle de son président à l’élaboration de ce rapport, ainsi qu’à l’obtention du compromis politique nécessaire pour faire avance l’Europe.
Les banquiers centraux de l'échec du plan Werner à la création du SME, 1974-1979
Authors: Mourlon-Druol Emmanuel
Published: February 2012

Cet article analyse le rôle des banquiers centraux dans la coopération monétaire européenne, de l’échec du plan Werner à la création du Système monétaire européen (SME). Le rôle des banquiers centraux dans les négociations du SME est généralement considéré comme mineur : la principale caractéristique des négociations de 1978 fut en effet l’effort du président français Valéry Giscard d’Estaing et du chancelier allemand Helmut Schmidt pour éviter les banquiers centraux, prévoyant leur opposition au projet franco-allemand. Utilisant des archives allemandes, britanniques, françaises et communautaires, cet article insiste plutôt sur la continuité de la coopération entre banquiers centraux durant la seconde moitié des années 1970, la formation progressive d’un consensus autour de la position de la Bundesbank, et souligne combien les banquiers centraux sont insérés dans une élite monétaire transnationale plus large incluant conseillers économiques et ministres des Finances.
La Banque de France et la contrainte européenne en France (1979-1983)
Authors: Duchaussoy Vincent
Published: February 2012

Cet article se propose d’examiner l’existence d’une contrainte politique imposée par les institutions communautaires européennes au gouvernement français, de la mise en place du Système monétaire européen au « tournant de la rigueur » adopté par le gouvernement Mauroy en mars 1983, et d’en identifier les acteurs. Ce sera l’occasion de saisir la répercussion sur le plan des relations communautaires, de la politique économique menée par la France après l’élection de François Mitterrand à la présidence de la République, à contre-courant vis-à-vis des autres pays de la Communauté. On s’interrogera, enfin, sur l’action de la Banque de France, en désaccord profond avec le gouvernement quant à la définition de la politique économique et monétaire du pays, dans les instances communautaires au sein desquelles elle est amenée à siéger.
Le rôle des comités d'experts du Comité des gouverneurs des banques centrales de la CEE
Authors: Raymond Robert
Published: February 2012

Le témoignage de Robert Raymond éclaire pour la première fois l’histoire du groupe des experts monétaires constitué en 1973 auprès du Comité des Gouverneurs de la CEE. Il montre le rôle joué par la communauté informelle et transnationale des experts des banques centrales dans la genèse et la mise en œuvre de l’Union économique et monétaire, sans solution de continuité des années 1970 aux années 2000.
Le maternel déifié
Authors: Denis Paul
Published: February 2012

Résumé Le sentiment religieux dérive d’un « maternel purifié ». Pour se maintenir ce sentiment religieux doit nier la dimension phallique et sexuelle de la mère, présente cependant à l’arrière-plan des expériences d’exaltation et des expériences mystiques, cultes secrets résultant d’une inversion béate du sentiment de désarroi. Au plan individuel, le passage du maternel au paternel doit être surtout considéré comme le passage d’une organisation soumise à une imago de mère phallique à un système où les deux parents jouent chacun un rôle spécifique ouvrant au développement du complexe d’Œdipe.
From Hospital to Home: A Brief Nurse Practitioner Intervention for Vulnerable Older Adults
Authors: Enguidanos Susan , Gibbs Nancy , Jamison Paula
Published: February 2012

A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of a brief nurse practitioner (NP) intervention on care transitions among older hospitalized adults discharged to home (
N
= 199). Immediately following discharge, participants randomly assigned to the intervention received up to three home visits and two telephone calls from a registered NP that included medication review, care coordination, assessment of medical care needs, and brief coaching in self-management skills. Usual care participants received all standard medical care, including access to case management services. Intervention participants reported improved satisfaction with medical care (
p
= 0.008) and self-efficacy in managing medical conditions (
p
= 0.001) and had fewer primary care visits (
p
= 0.036) but no change in hospital readmissions at 6 months following enrollment. These findings suggest that intervening at the point of transition may extend the reach of the primary care physician by improving patient outcomes through nursing support at a high-risk period of care—the transition from hospital to home.
Telescopic Mating Technique for Bulk Allograft Reconstruction
Authors: Singh Christopher K. , Geller David S.
Published: February 2012

Bulk allograft reconstruction plays an important role in limb-salvage reconstructive surgery but is complicated by nonunion in up to one-third of cases. Because allograft–host healing is mediated via creeping substitution, intimate bone contact is desirable. Intraoperative assessment and optimization of the allograft–host junction site using a conventional transverse osteotomy is challenging and may result in slight gapping. Speculatively, this may result in longer healing times and may contribute to the high rate of non-union. Minimizing the nonunion rate and time to union are of value. This article describes the telescopic mating technique, which allows for substantially greater bone contact across the allograft–host junction site.
Visual Outcomes and Safety of a Small Diameter Intrastromal Refractive Inlay for the Corneal Compensation of Presbyopia
Authors: Bouzoukis Dimitrios I. , Kymionis George D. , Panagopoulou Sophia I. , Diakonis Vasilios F. , Pallikaris Aristophanes I. , Limnopoulou Aliki N. , Portaliou Dimitra M. , Pallikaris Ioannis G.
Published: February 2012

PURPOSE:

To investigate the outcomes and safety of an intrastromal refractive inlay (Invue Lens, Biovision AG) for the corneal compensation of presbyopia.

METHODS:

This prospective, noncomparative, interventional clinical study comprised 45 emmetropic presbyopes with a mean age of 52.3±3.3 years (range: 47 to 58 years). The refractive inlay was inserted in the non-dominant eye within a corneal pocket that was created using a mechanical microkeratome. Last follow-up was 12 months in all patients and examinations were scheduled at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Visual, wavefront, contrast sensitivity, and topographic outcomes as well as structural corneal alteration were evaluated.

RESULTS:

Twelve months after surgery, uncorrected near visual acuity was 20/32 or better in 98% of operated eyes and binocularly, whereas uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 93% of operated eyes and 20/25 or better in all patients binocularly. Three patients lost one line of corrected distance visual acuity in the operated eye. Overall, higher order aberrations were increased and contrast sensitivity was decreased in the operated eye. No tissue alterations were found using corneal confocal microscopy. No intra- or postoperative complications occurred.

CONCLUSIONS:

The intracorneal refractive inlay (Invue Lens) seems to be an effective surgical method for the corneal compensation of presbyopia in emmetropes aged between 45 and 60 years.
Unilateral Sulcus Implantation of the Crystalens HD
Authors: Pallikaris Ioannis G. , Karavitaki Alexandra E. , Kymionis George D. , Kontadakis Georgios A. , Panagopoulou Sophia I. , Kounis George A.
Published: February 2012

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the results after unilateral sulcus implantation of the Crystalens HD (Bausch & Lomb) accommodative intraocular lens (IOL).

METHODS:

This retrospective interventional case series comprised six eyes from three patients who underwent cataract surgery and bilateral Crystalens HD accommodative IOL implantation. The Crystalens HD was implanted in the bag in one eye (non-sulcus group) and, due to posterior capsule rupture, the lens was positioned in the ciliary sulcus in the fellow eye (sulcus group).

RESULTS:

Mean patient age was 66.3±4.9 years (range: 60 to 72 years). Mean follow-up was 14.3±3.2 months (range: 12 to 18 months) for the non-sulcus group and 14±2 months (range: 12 to 16 months) for the sulcus group. Uncorrected distance visual acuity improved from 20/100 to 20/33 in the non-sulcus group and from 20/63 to 20/32 in the sulcus group during last follow-up. Corrected distance visual acuity improved from 20/35 to 20/20 in the non-sulcus group and from 20/27 to 20/23 in the sulcus group. Regarding near vision, all eyes in the sulcus group and 66.7% of eyes in the non-sulcus group achieved J1–J2 (Birkhauser reading chart). None of the eyes had any intra- (except posterior capsule rupture in the sulcus cases) or postoperative complications.

CONCLUSIONS:

Based on this small series, ciliary sulcus implantation of the Crystalens HD seems to be associated with no significant morbidity and provides satisfactory visual acuity outcomes.
La personalización del aprendizaje: un objetivo del paradigma educativo centrado en el aprendizaje
Authors: Lerís Dolores , Sein-Echaluce María Luisa
Published: February 2012

En este artículo se presenta una panorámica general sobre la personalización del aprendizaje y sobre las herramientas tecnológicas que contribuyen a llevarla a cabo. Se da una rápida visión de las características consideradas en los modelos de usuario de los sistemas de aprendizaje adaptativo. A través de las experiencias realizadas, se muestra nuestra contribución en el diseño y experimentación de aprendizaje adaptativo, deteniéndonos especialmente en las variables de adaptación y en las características de los diseños implementados.
El vídeo didáctico como soporte para un b-learning sostenible
Authors: Del Casar Tenorio Miguel Ángel , Herradón Díez Rafael
Published: February 2012

En este artículo se describe una experiencia de innovación educativa realizada en el marco de la titulación de Sistemas de Telecomunicación de la EUITT de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, en la que se ha intentado graduar la dificultad de acceso de los alumnos al uso de ciertos laboratorios altamente tecnificados, por medio de instrumentos pedagógicos basados en el uso de tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones. Se presenta, por tanto, un escenario propicio para la aplicación de una metodología educativa de formación combinada o blended-learning que potencie el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes así como la optimización del uso de los costosos recursos materiales puestos a su disposición.
Una evaluación on-line a la demanda para el autoaprendizaje
Authors: Balbás Miguel , García-Berrocal Agustín , Montalvo Cristina , Díaz de Villafranca J. Ignacio
Published: February 2012

En la Escuela de Minas de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) se ha llevado a cabo el proceso de adaptación a los principios de Bolonia. Esto ha implicado cambios en la metodología de la enseñanza. En este artículo se describe una nueva metodología aplicada a un curso introductorio de Mecánica ubicado en el primer semestre del grado de dos diferentes títulos de ingeniería. Los diferentes resultados se presentan mediante un índice que permite evaluar el resultado global del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje alcanzado con esta metodología.