bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Access to Credit Facilities Affects Youth Participation in Agro- Pastoralism in Mandera County, Kenya
Authors: Ibrahim Issak Gababa , Mutunga Stephen Laititi , Koome Martin
Published: February 2025

Credit facilities drive economic development in most sectors of the economy. However, due to the uncertainty of weather and other risks, agricultural sector has been disadvantaged in terms of access to credit. Access to credit, particularly by youth who lack a steady source of income is even more challenging since they are considered high risk borrowers by financial institutions. This study sought to establish factors that influence access to credit by youth in Mandera County. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design, and as was guided by Push and Pull theory. The target population was 2900 youth registered in youth groups in Mandera County. A sample size of 351respondents was obtained from the 145 registered youth groups through purposive sampling technique. Structured questionnaires were distributed to the respondents through drop and pick method were used to collect data. The questionnaire was tested for face and content validity during piloting in the neighboring county of Wajir. Reliability was assessed and a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.77 was realized. Results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Regression analysis was carried out and results for F-tests and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence generated. The null hypothesis for credit access was rejected (β=0.273, P=0.000)). This meant that lack of credit access had a significant effect on youth engagement in agro pastoralism. Further, a positive and significant correlation between credit access by youth (or lack of it) and their engagement in agro pastoralism was reported (r=0. 541, p=0.000). It was concluded that credit access was critical to adoption of agro pastoralism by youth in Mandera County. The study recommended that the county government of Mandera creates an enabling environment to encourage more participation of youth in agro pastoralism, and to work out modalities of easing restrictions to credit access.
Effect of an Educational Intervention on the Utilization of Maternal Healthcare Services for High-Risk Obstetric Clients, Systematic Review
Authors: Osoro Epony Nyakong’anyi , Tenambergen Wanja Mwaura , Njoroge Kezia
Published: February 2025

This study aims to investigate how health systems can be strengthened through timely referral of obstetric patients. In many Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity outcomes continue to be major health issues. Most of the deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia where access to maternal and newborn health care is a challenge. Strengthening health systems aims at increasing access to vital services such as maternal and neonatal care to improve health outcomes.  The broad objective of this systematic review was to determine the level of effectiveness of education interventions aimed at improving timely referral of obstetric patients to higher-level healthcare facilities, with the goal of strengthening health systems and improving maternal and new-born healthcare outcomes. This study adopts a systematic review of the meta-analysis approach. For articles, six electronic databases; namely, Science Direct, Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed, PLOS One, and Google Scholar were searched. The target population was publications on obstetric patients in low- and middle-income countries. Data were analysed using meta-analysis techniques. The results of the review indicated that education and training intervention had a statistically significant impact on five outcomes; namely, maternal mortality (p=0.05), service utilization (p=0.001), number of emergency referrals (p=0.00001), and referral time (0.05), though the margin was small in the latter. These outcomes were marked with significant improvement, following the implementation of the treatment of high risk obstetric patients. However, there was lack of meaningful impact of the intervention on neonatal mortality (p=0.80). The study concluded that timely referral can be enhanced by implementing education interventions such as training expectant women and healthcare providers.
Influence of Routine Health Information on Decision-Making in Public District Hospitals in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania
Authors: Lisu Alex Mdidi , Tenambergen Wanja Mwaura , Mwangi Eunice Muthoni
Published: February 2025

The study sought to assess the implication of regularly collected health information in public hospitals in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania. The effect of information accuracy, completeness of reports, information reliability, and information timeliness on decision-making in public district hospitals was examined. Descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted for this study conducted in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania. A target population of 60 individuals comprising hospital administrators, procurement officers, pharmacists, doctors, and nurses from six public district hospitals was identified. The sample size was determined using convenient sampling techniques. Primary quantitative data was collected through structured survey questionnaires. Data was analysed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 26). The study underscores the importance of accurate and timely health information in guiding decision-making processes and improving healthcare delivery. It identifies challenges such as lack of standardized information procedures and inadequate electronic health information systems, and highlights the importance of streamlining data presentation and visualization as crucial in enhancing better comprehension among healthcare professionals, reducing delays, and improving efficiency in health information management. The study recommends implementation of standardized procedures and electronic health information systems, capacity building for health information analysis, and establishing accessible common health management information system to all hospitals. Further, the study advocates for policy suggestions, such as prioritization and adoption of standardized procedures and electronic systems, training healthcare professionals, and appointing health management information system focal persons within hospitals to facilitate information sharing and communication in bid to enhance accountability, and transparency, and ultimately improve health outcomes for the population served by public district hospitals
Teacher Preparedness and the Implementation of the Mother Tongue Education Policy in Public Lower Primary School Education in Meru County, Kenya
Authors: Magaju Jacinta Kagendo , Kubai James , Kanyi Charles Mugo
Published: February 2025

Teaching in the first language is beneficial to both the learner and the teacher. The policy that provides for usage of the first language as the instructional medium for lower primary education in Kenya was established after independence. Despite the establishment and integration of this policy into the 2019 Kenya Basic Education Curriculum Framework, it remains unclear how prepared various stakeholders are in the execution of the regulation. The purpose of this study was to examine teacher preparedness in the implementation of the MTE policy in lower primary schools in Meru County, Kenya. The study was grounded on Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory, and utilized a descriptive survey design with a mixed-method approach. A sample of 155 head teachers and 155 grade 3 class teachers was selected using random and purposive sampling techniques respectively. Data was collected from Grade 3 teachers using questionnaires, Focus Group Discussions collected data from head teachers and interview guide was used to collect data from the County Director of Education, sub-county Quality Assurance Standards Officers, and Curriculum Support Officers.  Reliability and validity of research instruments were ascertained accordingly. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive techniques and Spearman correlation analysis. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically. Results indicated that although teachers had received initial training on mother tongue teaching, gaps existed in teacher in-service development, and support from Ministry of Education. Only 20% of teachers had received in-service MTE training, and 25% had been involved in developing the MTE curriculum. The study recommends in-service training programs by the Teachers Service Commission (TSC) and development of accessible and up-to-date MTE by the requisite institutions. The government should foster policy alignment, promote multilingualism, establish continuous professional development, and encourage research on the efficacy of mother tongue instruction for improved educational outcomes.
Media Framing of Climate Change Contents in News Coverage in Kenya
Authors: Agalo Rose Achieng , Day Peter , Ronoh Lamek , Otieno Millicent
Published: February 2025

Climate change is a phenomenon whose consequences affect nations across the globe, limiting the growth of various sectors. Climate change risk stories affecting Kenya can only gain public attention and become part of the public agenda if the media prominently cover them. On the other hand, the public draws most of its climate change information from the media. The media uses framing to effectively convey information on local climate change challenges, as well as mitigation and adaptation strategies. The study sought to establish the frequency of media coverage of climate change news in Kenya, and to determine the media frames used in the coverage of climate change news in Kenya. The research used mixed methodologies to acquire and analyze data. The target population for the study was N = 8,731. The research utilized random and purposive sampling techniques using Slovin's formula to produce reliable estimates to answer the study's research questions N = 1,362. The study sourced data from newspapers, broadcast media, and journalists. The researchers gathered data through content analysis and interviews. The study employed descriptive and thematic analysis to derive insights from the emerging themes, aligning them with the research question. The study aims to contribute to the improvement of the media framing of climate change in Kenya and the realization of Sustainable Development Goal 13 on climate action.
Effect of Cash Management on Financial Performance of Level Three and Four Public Hospitals in Meru County
Authors: Kimathi Doreen Kanana , Kambura Susan , Rintari Nancy
Published: February 2025

The Level three and four public hospitals focus on the provision of healthcare activities based on the recommendations of MOH. The financial success of hospitals is critical to the economic development of the country because it improves the quality of life, which in turn promotes economic growth by reducing poverty. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effect of cash management on financial performance of Level three and Four Hospitals in Meru County. The study was grounded on the cash conversion cycle theory. Descriptive survey design, which allowed the researcher to explain the variables of the study was adopted. The target population comprised fifty-three officers from all the surveyed fifty-three Level three and four Hospitals in Meru County. Questionnaires were utilized. Census method was adopted to enlist all the 53 healthcare officers.  Data was analyzed using SPSS version 29. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing data, and results displayed in tables and explanations. Regression analysis was utilized to determine the association between the variables. The study found out a statistically significant (p<0.05) and positive correlation coefficient of 0.820, signifying that cash management techniques impacted the financial performance of Meru County's Level Three and Four Hospitals. Additionally, the study found out that gross profit had a mean of 4.6 and standard deviation of 0.647; a net profit of 3.72, and a standard deviation of 1.02; and ROA of 3.32 and standard deviation of 1.335. The study concluded that the high expenditures that the hospitals incur affects the distribution of financial resources. Thus, the study recommends immediate policy intervention measures from the management to ensure that institutional financial resources are appropriately used, and more revenue sourcing channels are developed. This would ensure that the hospital has enough revenue to cater for the expenditures.
Success Factors for Adopting Open Educational Resources in Blended Learning in University Libraries in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Nyamboga Felysta Nyamusi , Gichohi Paul Maku , Kiarie Julie W.
Published: February 2025

Lately, there has been a growth in blended learning (BL), augmented by the integration of Open Education Resources (OER) within this educational approach. However, the reasons that promote the use of OER in BL are uncertain in Nairobi County, Kenya. Therefore, the study sought to evaluate the factors that had a significant impact on the successful implementation of OER in blended learning. The diffusion of innovations theory, technology acceptance model, and institutional theory guided the study. A mixed method approach was utilized. The research obtained quantitative data from questionnaires, whereas qualitative perspectives were obtained from interviews. The study focused on four (4) university librarians and eighty-six (86) library staff from four institutions namely; The University of Nairobi, the Technical University of Kenya, Strathmore University, and the Catholic University of Eastern Africa. The census and purposive sampling techniques were employed. Quantitative data analysis was conducted with SPSS, while qualitative data analysis was carried out using NVivo software for content and thematic analysis. Findings indicated that key success factors for adopting educational resources in blended learning in university libraries included collaboration among stakeholders, improved accessibility to learning resources, ongoing training, positive mindset, digital technology, enhanced evaluation methods for learning resources, and institutional backing. Consistent instruction and support on copyright matters were also noted as crucial elements. Enhanced digital literacy, support from faculty and librarians, and ICT infrastructure supported OER integration. Effective OER adoption requires strong institutional leadership, dedicated resources, and continuous faculty development. Institutions need to boost funding and provide more incentives for faculty involvement in OER initiatives, while also conducting additional research to assess the effects of OER on teaching and student results.
Factors Influencing Antibiotic Prescription Practices for Pneumonia among Clinicians at Mbagathi Level 5 Hospital, Kenya
Authors: Atoko Brendah Kasandi , Masinde Lily , Masita Phoebe Kerubo
Published: February 2025

Although clinicians understand the importance of stewardship, inappropriate prescription of antibiotics persists in low-resource settings. This study sought to assess the factors influencing compliance for pneumonia antibiotic prescription among clinicians by focusing on the level of compliance to guidelines, socioeconomic, and health system related determinants. The study adopted cross-sectional survey design, targeting all the 171 clinicians at Mbagathi Level 5 Hospital. A census was conducted using a structured questionnaire between March 2024 and May 2024. Both descriptive and inferential statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and chi-square tests were used in analyzing data. 152 questionnaires were filled and returned, giving a response rate of 89%. Majority of the respondents were medical officers (43.4%) followed by clinical officers (36.2%) and consultants (20.4%) respectively. The findings established a moderately high compliance (68.4%) to pneumonia antibiotic prescription among clinicians. The findings also revealed significant associations between gender (c2 = 8.05, p =0.005), designation (p =0.005), presence of medical insurance (p =0.005), availability of diagnostic tests (c2 = 9.13, p =0.010), availability of drugs (c2 = 8.96, p =0.011), presence of staff (c2 = 9.514, p =0.009), knowledge and awareness (c2 = 34.42, p<0.001), and compliance to pneumonia antibiotic prescription practices among clinicians. These results affirm that health system factors such as staffing, availability of antibiotics and availability of diagnostic facilities influenced antibiotic prescription practices. Gender, designation as well as presence of medical insurance were determinants of antibiotic prescription practices. Therefore, National and County governments should focus on strengthening critical pillars of healthcare; namely; health workforce, service delivery, and medicines and vaccines in order to enhance compliance to antibiotic prescription guidelines. The influence of knowledge and awareness of antibiotic prescription guidelines underscored the need for health facilities to invest in continuous training on antibiotic stewardship
Socio-Economic Impact of Solar Lamp Lighting in Kibera Slum, Kenya.
Authors: Kinoti M.
Published: February 2025

Globally, it has been documented that people living in informal settlements are exposed to socio-economic risks due to the constant daily pressure on space, social relationships, healthcare, education, infrastructure and governance. Water and light energy crises among the residents in informal settlements such as Kibera, experience increased social risks due to the growing demand over limited resources. Poor lighting facilities in the households of  Kibera, has a negative impact on businesses, security , environment, health and education of school going children because they rely on the dangerous dim smoky paraffin lamps to carry out their activities. The study aimed at evaluating the socio-economic impact of using solar lamps lighting in Kibera. The research adopted a descriptive survey design .The study area was purposively chosen and a sample size of 330 households also drawn purposively from a sampling frame of 1050 households who had directly benefitted directly from Mwangaza Kenya. Data was collected during home visitations in households who had used solar lamp lights for at least 8 months prior to the study using structured questionnaires and pre- filled d.light passbooks. The data was keyed into a spreadsheet and analyzed to quantify the social-economic changes brought about by use of solar lighting. Data was presented using tables and graphs. The study showed a major socio economic impact of the project i.e.  the elimination of health hazards associated with paraffin lamps, increased sense of security, saving and income from additional income due to extended business time in the evening and improved quality of light used by school going children leading to increase in study time hence improved academic performance. This resulted to high level of resilience among the inhabitants of Kibera.
Prevalence of Parasitic Infections amongst Children in Primary Schools in Tharaka South Sub County, Kenya
Authors: Mutungi A. , Kariuki C. , Kandie J. , Njoroge A. , Anampiu J. , Kibebe H.
Published: February 2025

Parasitic infections-soil transmitted helminths (STHs) and protozoan infections are among the most prevalent infections in developing countries.Health effects of these infections include; poor nutritional status,appetite,gastrointestinal morbidity,cognitive disability and iron deficiency anemia among others.The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of parasitic infections amongst children in primary schools in Tharaka South Sub County.A cross-sectional study was conducted among 481 children in five primary schools selected from three different age groups and classes in  the County.To investigate intestinal helminths and protozoa,a single stool sample was examined from each child,and both thick and thin blood smears of each participant examined for malaria parasites.Statistical analysis was done using STATA 13 MP®.Prevalence was calculated and reported per 1000 persons.The risk of infection with protozoa and/or STHs by school,gender and age was analyzed using logistic regression for Odds Ratio (OR). Risk of infection with infectious parasitic infection and risk of polyparasitism was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression for OR.Results showed the prevalence of any parasitic infection was 548.86/1000persons.Prevalence of STHs was 83.16/1000persons,most prevalent STHs was Schistosoma mansonii 33.26/1000persons,while prevalence of protozoa was 466/1000persons and the most prevalent protozoa was Entamoeba hystolytica 235/1000persons.Bivariate analysis indicated a statistically significant positive association between Giardia lamblia and gender, (p=0.014),Giardia lamblia and being in age group (7 -10 years (p=0.041),it was found that a positive association between infection with EC and being in the age group of 7-10 years, p=0.037).Risk of infection was positively associated with being male, p=0.029 and being in class five,p=0.017.Polyparasitism was negatively (protective) associated with belonging to Kamatungu primary school, p=0.029 and Tunyai primary school, p=0.007.The study concludes that Protozoan infections were more common than soil transmitted helminths.Improved water sanitation and hygiene are essential in eradication of intestinal parasitic infection.Mass drug administration and health promotion interventions should also target protozoal infections of medical importance.
Technology Influence on Performance of Cash Transfer Programmes in the Public Sector in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Njoroge B. , Kihara P. , Gichohi P.
Published: February 2025

Cash transfer program has been identified by most developing countries as an important component of social protection however; the program has experienced challenges in the implementation process. This study aimed at establishing the relationship between technology and performance of cash transfer program in Nairobi County- Kenya with an intention of helping the Government of Kenya and other stakeholders involved in the implementation of the cash transfer program to establish policies and framework geared towards social protection rights. The study was grounded on two theories namely, general systems theory, and the McKinsey 7s model. Descriptive research design was used on a target population size of 102 respondents: that is, 9 sub-county children officers, 34 nominees of both the Member of Parliament and the county woman representative, and 592 complainants. Purposive sampling technique was applied in sampling sub county children officers and the nominees of both the Member of Parliament and the county woman representative, while, simple random sampling was used on complainants. The overall sample size was 102 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires whose reliability was tested using Cronbach alpha test. Experts’ opinion was sought in addressing validity of the instruments. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. A simple linear regression model was established in order to determine how technology influenced the performance of the cash transfer programme. The study revealed that technology has a positive and statistically significant relationship with the performance of the cash transfer programme. The results further revealed that performance of the cash transfer programme in Nairobi County can be explained by 40.5% of technology. The study recommends that organizations should continuously adopt new technologies to improve performance in the implementation process of their programmes to ensure that their objectives and goals are efficiently and effectively achieved.
Factors that Influence the Interruption of Tuberculosis Treatment in Imenti South Sub-County, Meru Kenya
Authors: Waithaka Samuel , Kei Robert , Mbugua Gabriel
Published: February 2025

Tuberculosis (TB), which is a highly infectious air-borne disease is a major health problem in the world. Kenya is 15th in TB prevalence among 22 high TB burden countries in the world. TB treatment interruption refers to missing of appointments therefore a patient will miss taking drugs. This increases disease morbidity, mortality and contributes significantly to the development of Drug Resistant TB which is expensive to treat. Data on factors influencing TB treatment interruption in Imenti South were unavailable. The study objectives were to determine the demographic, health services, cultural and patient factors that influence TB treatment interruption. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Data was obtained from 247 TB patients randomly selected from treatment registers and who had missed taking drugs during the treatment period. Ten key informant interviews were conducted on Health Care Workers working in TB clinics. A researcher-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from HCWs and TB treatment interrupters. Data Collected was cleaned, coded and keyed into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Chi-square test was applied to identify the relationship between variables. Results were presented using tables. Results showed that majority TB treatment interrupters were male (71.6%). The most frequent age group was 15-34 years (50.2%). There was no association between demographic factors and TB treatment interruption (p>0.05). The largest number (41.5%) interrupted treatment because they forgot appointment dates. A leading number of TB treatment interrupters are smokers (60.9%) and alcohol abusers (60.9%). Low education level, low income and unemployment influences interruption of treatment. The health system should pay particular attention to male TB patients and age group 15-34 years old through sustained health messages. Substance abuse should be addressed through rehabilitation and health education. Reminding patients about appointments through SMS is important. Research to establish why males interrupt treatment more is recommended
Factors Contributing to Transmission of Domestic and Sylvatic Lifecycles of Echinococcus Species in Samburu and Maasai Mara, Kenya
Authors: Kagendo Dorothy , Magambo1 Japhet K. , Muchiri Eric M. , Karani Caroline
Published: February 2025

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by different species of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l), is an important global zoonotic disease with a particular impact on pastoralist communities. Depending on the species, the lifecycles can be domestic, peri-domestic or wildlife-based. Previous studies have established existence of both domestic and peri-domestic cycles in Kenya. However, factors related to the interaction and hence transmission of both cycles are unknown.To investigate factors, leading to interaction and transmission of CE within pastoral communities living near wildlife conservation areas, 740 residents (356 from Maasai Mara, and 384 Samburu) were interviewed.  An open-ended questionnaire was administered seeking information on practices, behaviors and activities involving possible interaction between wild life and humans living within the study areas. Data collected identified the associated risk factors as; livestock herding in the wildlife conservation areas, dogs accompanying herders into the conservation areas, frequent uninspected home slaughter and feeding of raw offal to dogs. Additionally, poor personal hygiene due to lack of enough water, environmental contamination with faecal matter from dogs and wild carnivores, and the wild carnivores preying on livestock contributed majorly to Cystic echinococcosis transmission risk. Further, in Samburu community, cultural practices such as humans not eating lungs and therefore feeding to dogs posed an important risk for the disease transmission. transmitting Cystic Echinococcosis.The study concludes that illegal encroachment of human and livestock into the wildlife conservation areas and the free roaming and preying of wild carnivores on livestock in human settlements favor the existence of both domestic and wildlife Echinococcosis life cycles. The study recommends enforcement of meat control act, community education programs as well as conducting more prevalence studies in a view to map out the disease situation in Kenya.
Effects of Public Private Partnerships in Strengthening Faith-Based Health Systems in Kisii County, Kenya
Authors: Ringera William , Tenambergen Wanja , Oluoch Musa
Published: February 2025

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are important in enhancement of efficiency and effectiveness in different agencies. PPPs is a concept that has been borrowed and applied in various sectors. It is noted that within governments, Health Ministries’ focus on the public sector often disregard the frequently much larger private finance and private provision of healthcare. This study examined the effects of PPPs in material support, leadership/management, and human resources for health (HRH) on strengthening of health systems in faith-based organization (FBO) health services in Kisii County, Kenya. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted targeting 78 FBO facilities’ officials from Tabaka, Christianmarian and Nyanchwa; and officials from the Ministry of Health. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and interview schedules, and  analysed using SPSS Version 20 and Ms. Excel. The study found that PPP on leadership and management, material support, HRH and provision of guidelines for the implementation of the PPP were significantly associated with strengthening of FBO health systems at p<0.05.The study conclude that PPPs targeting material support, leadership and management, provision of guidelines  for PPP process, and HRH improved provision of public health services in FBO facilities in Kisii County. Therefore, the PPP is yielding fruits in the Government’s effort to strengthen delivery of public health services, particularly in areas of HIV/AIDS and maternal, neonatal and child health-MNCH, in Kisii County. From the viewpoint of Kisii County Government, FBO facilities are able to effectively complement the work of government in public health services and should be supported through the PPPs.
Incidence of Periodontitis among Mothers Delivering Low Birth Weight Neonates in Kiambu County, Kenya
Authors: Gichuki Rachel , Siongei Viola , Mapesa Job
Published: February 2025

Periodontitis is estimated to affect about 95% of adults in Kenya. In addition, low birth weight in Kiambu County, Kenya, has increased in the last ten years. Information on the effect of periodontitis on maternal and child health is scanty. We therefore sought to examine the relationship between low birth weight and periodontitis and to determine the incidence of periodontitis in mothers delivering low birth weight neonates in Kiambu County. In addition, we sought to evaluate the relationship between low birth weight and oral hygiene practices in the same county. We carried out a cross-sectional study using 384 post-partum mothers distributed across five hospitals in Kiambu County between June and December 2019. Mothers who had delivered singleton low birth weight neonates within 48 hours, according to the medical records, were enrolled for clinical examinations and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. All teeth, excluding third molars, were assessed using Clinical Case Definitions proposed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention working group for use in population-based periodontitis surveillance. About 92% of the participants were observed to have periodontitis, of which 53% had severe periodontitis. All oral hygiene practices were significantly associated with low birth weight (P<0.001). Incidences of maternal periodontitis are significantly associated with low birth weight with an R2 = 0.732, P < 0.001 and a correlation of r = 0.875, P < 0.001. There is a high incidence of periodontitis in mothers delivering low birth weight neonates in Kiambu County. Poor oral hygiene practices are a potential predictor of low birth weight. A positive relationship exists between low birth weight and maternal periodontitis in this population. Oral health preventive and curative services should be incorporated in antenatal programmes in Kenya.
Critical Analysis of Personal Medical Health Insurance as an Approach to Managing Student Healthcare in Public Secondary Schools in Meru County, Kenya
Authors: Mbaabu Silas Muguna , Gichohi Paul Maku , Kibaara Tarsilla
Published: February 2025

Provision of healthcare to secondary school students is paramount. However, in Kenya, this undertaking is often curtailed by inadequate funding, poor infrastructure, food insecurity, high poverty levels, and unemployment challenges. These challenges complicate the choice of a service model for managing healthcare of students in public secondary schools in Meru County -Kenya. The purpose of this study was to analyze personal medical insurance as an approach for managing students' healthcare in public secondary schools in Meru County. This study is systematic review paper where secondary sources of information were analyzed and synthesized as guided by the main theme. Documentary analysis coupled with systematic review of existing literature from reports, past studies and conference proceedings were central in forming the theoretical foundation and systematic argument developed in this paper. The study established that the adoption of personal medical insurance in secondary schools does not only affect the education outcomes, but it also enhances equity of secondary school education and leads to improved retention and completion rates of students in schools. However, its adoption in public secondary school is not widespread in Meru County, Kenya. This is attributed to shortages of infrastructures, resources, weak structures and mechanisms on health provision, and absence of policy on personal medical health insurance for students in public secondary school in Kenya. These findings raise questions on policies by Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health on provision of healthcare to students in secondary schools. Medical health insurance companies are called upon to remodel and customize their personal health insurance products to fit students in public secondary schools
Democratization of Student Leaders’ Elections and its Effect on Students’ Discipline in Public Secondary Schools in Meru County, Kenya
Authors: M’muyuri Misheck Mutuma , Kibaara Tarsila , Severina Mwirichia
Published: February 2025

Democratization of student leaders’ appointment is one of the approaches designed to enhance student discipline.  However, the link between this approach and students’ discipline has been unclear considering the rise in misconduct among students. This study sought to determine the effect of involving students in electing their leaders on students' discipline in public secondary schools in Meru County. The Bandura’s social learning theory of 1977 was critical in guiding this study. The study applied a descriptive survey research design to select ten principals, 196 deputy principals, and 384 student leaders. Schools were stratified into categories, before a systematic sampling technique was applied in each stratum. Both the principals and the deputy principals were purposively selected, while simple random sampling was used in selecting students’ leaders. Questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis were utilized in collecting data, while factor analysis, frequencies, percentages and means were computed with the help of SPSS. Ordinal logistical regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis, while the thematic technique was used to analyze the qualitative data. Cases of indiscipline were prevalent in most public secondary schools in Meru County. The study found out that only 52% of schools allowed students to elect their leaders, while 48% had students’ leaders appointed by teachers. Many schools lacked elaborate electoral processes and a profound orientation program for students’ leaders. Students' involvement in electing their leaders was statistically significant in affecting secondary schools' discipline. The study recommended the Ministry of Education to liaise with principals of secondary schools in streamlining the electoral processes, develop student leadership electoral policy, and devise holistic involvement mechanisms to ensure free and fair elections of students’ leaders. Further, the study recommended that principals should educate students on electoral processes and train the elected leaders on effective leadership.
Societal Factors and the Discipline of Pastors' Children in the Context of Church Mission in Tigania West Sub-county, Meru County, Kenya
Authors: Mathiu Ntarangwi Lichoro , Njoroge John Ngige , Gitonga Monica
Published: February 2025

Discipline, whether of children or adults, has a lot of impact in any society. The peace, unity, and prosperity of any society are dependent on the discipline of its people. As important as it is, discipline is at times affected to the detriment of society by some factors. Globally, continentally, nationally, and locally, there have been reported issues on the discipline of pastors' children. The discipline of pastors' children affects the performance of the pastor.  Therefore, this study sought to establish the effect of societal factors on the discipline of pastors' children in the context of church mission in Tigania West Sub-County, Meru County, Kenya. The researcher used a qualitative research approach and phenomenological research design in this study. The target population was 431 people. Purposive sampling was used, and twenty-five (25) respondents were engaged in this study: 10 pastors, 10 pastor's children, and 5 church elders. Thematic narrative analysis of data was adopted in this study.  The study established that pastors' children always feel pressured to be right hence making them stressed. Prolonged stress leads to depression resulting in more indiscipline cases like immorality and drug and substance abuse. The study recommended that church managers should engage counselling professionals who would occasionally provide one-on-one counseling sessions to the pastors' children and always keep in touch with them for their mental and physical wellbeing. Further research should be done to establish the influence pastors’ children have on each other's behaviour
OK392 (‘Mamont Noir’) a Red-Pulped Bunch Grape with Potential for Upper South Vineyards
Authors: Stafne Eric T. , Carroll Becky L. , Williams Haley N. , Coker Christine E.H. , Sampson Blair J.
Published: February 2025

The grape industry is expanding acreage production of wine, juice, and other value-added products throughout the United States. Recent estimates show the grape and wine industries in states surrounding Mississippi have significant economic impact. To prepare for a potential expansion of the grape industry in Mississippi, underappreciated cultivars and breeding selections are being grown, harvested, and processed to determine suitability. A selection from Oklahoma, OK392, was grown for several years at the Mississippi State University (MSU) Beaumont Horticultural Unit as well as the Oklahoma State University Cimarron Valley Experiment Station. OK392 compared favorably to other hybrid bunch grapes in many measured categories; however, it did have higher loads of Pierce’s disease (PD) (Xylella fastidiosa) in Mississippi. Even with the higher detected PD, vines are still surviving in South Mississippi and producing grapes. Wine was also made from fruit collected and it has promise in blending and as a teinturier to provide deep red color for other grapes. Overall, OK392 has potential for upper South vineyards and may be useful in grape breeding programs as well, and we propose the name ‘Mamont Noir’ for future use.
Pengaruh Penempatan Kerja, Kompetensi, dan Pengembangan Karir Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai ASN Pada Kantor Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Mamuju
Authors: Zulkarnaen Rofi , Aqil Muhammad , Rasyid Rohsita Amalyah , Dahri Nur Wahyunianti
Published: February 2025

This research aims to determine the influence of job placement, competency and career development on employee performance at the Mamuju Regency Transportation Service Office. The research method used is a quantitative method with data taken using a questionnaire. The population in this study were all employees who worked at the Mamuju Regency Transportation Service office. The number of samples calculated was 38 people. The data obtained will be analyzed using validity tests, reliability tests, multiple linear regression, t tests, and simultaneous tests. The results of the T test reveal that partially work placement has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at the Mamuju Regency Transportation Service Office, Competency has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at the Mamuju Regency Transportation Service Office, and career development has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at the Office. Mamuju Regency Transportation Service. The results of the f test show that work placement, competency and career development jointly influence employee performance at the Mamuju Regency Transportation Service Office.
Current Trends in the Acceptance of Refugees by their Chosen Host Countries Globally
Authors: Sani Standa , Murairwa Stanley , Raissa Nomel , Ndlovu Nobesuthu T.
Published: February 2025

Refugees and asylum-seekers face various obstacles in their quest for refuge in destination countries of their choice. These include dangerous border crossings and the possibility of being exploited by criminals. For refugees in particular, state-initiated barriers also take the form of restrictive immigration control measures once the refugees and asylumseekers have landed in the foreign countries of their choice. Because of such measures, refugee and asylum petitions are not processed expeditiously as most industrialised countries tighten their borders to pass off asylum-seekers to their neighbours. Restrictive immigration control measures are now the developed world‘s primary and, some might argue, sole response to the growing number of refugees and asylum-seekers. Addressing the existing unequal distribution of responsibility for and protection of refugees should be a fundamental component of immigration control measures. Greater commitment to multilateralism should be based mostly on sharing responsibility for refugees, through relocation, humanitarian visas, or regional and international distribution systems, and the sharing of resources such as emergency assistance, specialised personnel, expertise and funding.
Indigenous knowledge for rural resilience flood control and the green infrastructure agenda for Zimbabwe
Authors: MADYA FELIX , MAGANDE TINASHE , NCUBE ROSELIN KATSANDE , HICKONICKO BEATRICE
Published: February 2025

Zimbabwe has committed itself to green infrastructure agenda to achieve resilience against recurrent challenges like flooding and sustainable growth. Nonetheless, there is still a significant gap in the application of indigenous knowledge to flood control techniques. This article contends that rural community resilience is put at risk when traditional wisdom is neglected since it reduces the efficacy of sustainable practices. This impedes the adoption of comprehensive and locally appropriate flood management measures by ignoring the priceless insights entrenched in indigenous knowledge. The main argument in this study is that, strengthening rural resilience within the Zimbabwe Green infrastructure framework requires a more thorough and culturally sensitive strategy that acknowledges and integrates indigenous knowledge systems. The study suggests that valuable indigenous knowledge, practices to support floods preparedness exist in rural Zimbabwe and they inform decision making in cushioning individual families from the impacts of floods. Cases of Muzarabani and Tsholotsho districts are used to reveal the critical role indigenous knowledge plays in promoting rural resilience. The study concludes that the country should promote the include the key component of indigenous knowledge initiatives to strengthen rural resilience. It recommends that rural communities have to deal with the dual challenge of the disappearance and preservation of indigenous knowledge system.
Project resilience relevant or a far-fetched concept in the context of zimbabwe‘s rural projects by ngos
Authors: BANDA REGINA , CHIRISA HALLELUAH , NDEMO NYASHA
Published: February 2025

Project resilience ensures the continued existence and relevance of projects. It is a product of a variety of factors, thus a complex phenomenon that requires a systems approach to analysis. Little research exists on project resilience. For on-governmental organisations (NGOs) to remain relevant and essential, there is need for analysis of their projects using project resilience concepts. This article discusses the factors that affect project resilience in rural projects involving NGOs using a systems approach. It then suggests the Panarchy Model be used to do a project resilience analysis using three eco-cycles. After carrying out a narrative literature review. 35 articles were included in this study. A three-layered eco-cycle in the model is suggested with individual resilience at the bottom layer, community resilience in the middle layer and project resilience at the topmost layer. These layers have various players that interact in a cyclic manner. It was found that collaboration, knowledge generation, understanding the context and monitoring and evaluation are among key issues that ensure project resilience. It is recommended that NGOs partake in bottom-up collaboration with communities to inform their projects. Researchers are recommended to also do empirical studies to test the three-layered eco-cycle suggested for its relevance in practice.
Who Makes a Good Ward Councillor The Ongoing Debate on The Local Government System in Zimbabwe
Authors: SHUMBA PRECIOUS
Published: February 2025

This article examines the role of councillors as overseers, representatives of the electorate and policy-makers in Zimbabwe’surban local authorities using document analysis and key informant interviews with local government experts and former ward councillors. The study unpacks the criteria set in legislation and the Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (Number 20) Act of 2013, examines the role of councillors within local authorities, the residents’ expectations of ward councillors and concludes with debates on the minimum educational requirements for councillors. Councillors play three critical roles, those of policy-making, representation and oversight, as well as facilitating community development within their respective wards. The study scrutinises the criteria required for one to effectively deliver in their role as ward councillor. To have an appreciation of the functions of a councillor and the criteria needed to be more effective and efficient, the article highlights the key functions of the local authority as the institution through which councillors conduct their work to meet social service delivery needs of the citizens