bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on adaptive selection method of radiation sources in passive radar based on GNSS signal
Authors: Tang Huatao , Cha Hao , Liu Feng , Tian Bin , Zuo Lei
Published: December 2023

Due to limitations in computing power, the passive radar based on GNSS signal may not be able to use all the GNSS signals, requiring to make signal selection. Based on CRLB, a new radiation sources adaptive selection method for passive radar is proposed. With the goal of minimizing the CRLB of GNSS signals and the number of GNSS signals as constraints, an adaptive selection model is established. Simulation experiments were conducted using the selection model and particle filter algorithm. Experimental results show that the calculation accuracy of this algorithm is slightly lower than the tracking results obtained using all six satellites, but the calculation time is greatly reduced, reducing the requirement for radar computing power.
An Overview of Specialist Services for Huntington’s Disease in the United Kingdom
Authors: Willock Rosa , Rickards Hugh , Rosser Anne E. , Haw Alistair , Stanley Cath , Hossain Pushpa , Rodríguez-Santana Idaira , Doherty Maria , Blair Rachel , Kane Wendy
Published: December 2023

Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by complex evolving needs that change as the condition progresses. There is limited understanding about the organization of HD clinical services and their resourcing in the United Kingdom (UK). Objective: To understand the organization and resourcing of specialist HD services for people with HD (PwHD) in the UK Methods: This cross-sectional study collected quantitative data via on online survey, and qualitative data via telephone semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistics were used to describe quantitative outcomes, and qualitative results were analyzed using content analysis. Results: A total of 31 specialist services for HD were identified. Of the 27 services that completed the online survey, 23 had an active multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and were led primarily by a mental health trust (26%) or tertiary referral hospital (26%). Specialist services offered outpatient clinics (96%), outreach in the community (74%), telemedicine (70%), inpatient beds (26%) and satellite clinics (26%). Many services indicated that their capacity (ability to see patients as often as needed with current resources) was difficult, with some services reporting more difficulty at the early or later stages of HD. Key resourcing gaps were identified with access to facilities, HCPs and referral networks. Conclusions: This research highlights the variation in organization and capacity within individual HD services as well as current resourcing and gaps in access that influence this capacity. Further research should be done to understand the impact of service organization and current resourcing gaps in access on the quality of care provided for PwHD in the UK.
Statistical limit superior and Statistical limit inferior in non-Archimedean L -fuzzy normed spaces
Authors: Sakthipriya R. , Suja K.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this article is to study the notion of statistical limit superior(SLS) and statistical limit inferior(SLI) in non-Archimedean(NA) L -fuzzy normed spaces( L -FNS). The concept of SLS and SLI is examined and extended to SLS and SLI in NA L -FNS. Moreover, the analogue of some results between SLS and SLI over NA L -FNS have been discussed. And also, it is proved that a bounded sequence is statistically convergent over NA L -FNS. Throughout this article, K denotes a complete, non-trivially valued, non-Archimedean fields(NAF).
Genomic and Transcriptomic Characteristics of Tumors of Patients with Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Clinically Benefiting from First-Line Treatment with Ipilimumab Plus Nivolumab
Authors: Tripathi Nishita , Meza Luis , Sayegh Nicolas , Govindarajan Ameish , Byron Sara A. , Zhang Jiaming , Chigarira Beverly , Jo Yeonjung , Zengin Zeynep B. , Li Haoran , Gebrael Georges , Desai Arpita , Agarwal Neeraj , Swami Umang , Maughan Benjamin L. , Pal Sumanta K.
Published: December 2023

Background:

Ipilimumab plus nivolumab is approved as a first-line treatment for intermediate or poor risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, ∼35% of patients progress within six months on ipilimumab plus nivolumab, and no validated genomic biomarkers predict the benefit. In this study, we explore the genomic and transcriptomic differences among patients with clear cell mRCC patients who either did or did not experience clinical benefit from first-line ipilimumab plus nivolumab therapy.

Method:

Patients with clear cell mRCC intermediate or poor IMDC risk scores, with available tumor whole exome with/without transcriptome sequencing before starting systemic therapy were included. Patients who developed a complete response, partial response, or stable disease for at least six months after initiating treatment were categorized into the ‘clinical benefit’ group, whereas the rest were classified as ‘no clinical benefit.’ Genomic alteration frequencies between the groups were assessed with a chi-square test. Differentially expressed genes and gene sets were identified via DeSeq2 and GSEA v4.2.3, respectively.

Result:

53 patients with clear cell mRCC (37 clinical benefit and 16 no clinical benefit) were eligible and included. No significant difference was found in the genomic alteration frequencies between these groups. Baseline tumor transcriptomic data were available for 14 patients (9 clinical benefit and 5 no clinical benefit). The apical surface and pathways downregulated by KRAS signaling were enriched in the clinical benefit group, whereas inflammatory pathways were enriched in the no clinical benefit group.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that tumor specific gene expression as assessed by RNA sequencing could serve as a potential biomarker of response to ipilimumab plus nivolumab therapy.
Quantile estimation in fractional Levy Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes
Authors: Bishwal Jaya P.N.
Published: December 2023

First we study estimation of the drift parameter in the fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process whose marginal distribution is Student t-distribution. We obtain Spearman’s correlation based estimator, quantile estimator and Brownian excursion based estimator of the drift parameter. Then we study method of moments estimator and quantile estimator in fractional inverse Gaussian and fractional gamma Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes.
Maximum likelihood estimation of a change point for Poisson distributed data
Authors: Paparas Alex , Fotopoulos Stergios B. , Jandhyala Venkata K. , Paparas Dimitris
Published: December 2023

In this study we develop a change point methodology to identify and estimate changes in the parameter of a Poisson distribution. The proposed methodology considers the case when the Poisson parameter changes abruptly at an unknown point of time. For this case, the maximum likelihood estimate of the change point and its asymptotic distribution are pursued. Mainly, we carry out a large scale simulation study for evaluating the appropriateness of the asymptotic distribution of the mle from the view point of finite samples, and also for evaluating the closeness under known and unknown parameters. The simulations study also compares the mle with that of a Bayesian estimate. Then, the methodology is applied to three examples. First, we uncover changes in the number of homicides in California using monthly data from January 2002 until December 2020. Secondly, data about deaths of females caused by stomach cancer is considered to detect possible changes in the numbers recorded from 1930 to 2011. Thirdly, British coal mining disasters from 1851 to 1962 in which more than 10 men were killed are analyzed.
Long COVID neuropsychological follow-up: Is cognitive rehabilitation relevant?
Authors: Braga Lucia Willadino , Oliveira Sandro Barbosa , Moreira Andrea Suhet , Martins Pereira Maria Eloá Moreira da Silva , Serio Andrea Simoes Serra , Carneiro Virgínia da Silva , Freitas Luciana de Figueiredo Pereira , Souza Lígia Maria do Nascimento
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: Duration of neuropsychological disorders caused by long COVID, and the variables that impact outcomes, are still largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To describe the cognitive profile of patients with long COVID post-participation in a neuropsychological rehabilitation program and subsequent reassessment and identify the factors that influence recovery. METHODS: 208 patients (mean age of 48.8 y.o.), mostly female, were reevaluated 25 months after their first COVID infection and 17 months after their initial evaluation. Patients underwent subjective assessment, Barrow Neurological Institute Screen for Higher Cerebral Functions (BNIS), Phonemic Verbal Fluency and Clock Drawing Tests (NEUPSILIN) for executive functions, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and WHOQol-Bref. RESULTS: We noted a discrete improvement of neuropsychological symptoms 25 months after the acute stage of COVID-19; nonetheless, performance was not within the normative parameters of standardized neuropsychological testing. These results negatively impact QoL and corroborate patients’ subjective assessments of cognitive issues experienced in daily life. Improvement was seen in those who participated in psychoeducational neuropsychological rehabilitation, had higher levels of education, and lower depression scores on the HADS. CONCLUSION: Our data reveal the persistence of long-term cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with long COVID. Neuropsychological rehabilitation is shown to be important, whether in-person or online.
Use of mobile digital footprint to understand how COVID-19 impacts the visitors to art places in Singapore
Authors: Zeng Xinyu , Tuncer Bige
Published: December 2023

As Singapore strengthens its position as a Creative City, the importance of art places is increasingly evident. The time and frequency of visitors spent on the art places are indications of how successful the art places are. The understanding of the footfall for art places using traditional methods, such as ticket sales, and person-count can be expensive and inaccurate. With the prevalence of mobile phone adoption, our digital footprints are silently collected. These digital footprints can be used to understand the number of visitors who have visited art places, as well as their time spent at the different art places. This data is collected by CITYDATA.ai, a geospatial AI platform and registered data broker compliant with global and regional privacy regulations. An interesting but almost unobserved trend is to understand how COVID-19 affects the visitors to art places. During this period, there could also be a fundamental shift in how people feel and react towards art places. The contribution of this paper helps planners to understand the dynamics of change for the visitors to art places and subsequently enables the planners to have the right strategies to reposition Singapore as a Creative City.
Evaluation of human vulnerability and toxic effects of chronic and acute occupational exposure to ammonia: A case study in an ice factory
Authors: Soltanzadeh Ahmad , Mahdinia Mohsen , Nikbakht Neda , Hosseinzadeh Kiana , Sadeghi-Yarandi Mohsen
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: The hazardous material release has frequently occurred worldwide. As a respiratory stimulant and a toxic substance, ammonia has numerous adverse effects on human health. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the human vulnerability and toxic effects of both chronic and acute respiratory exposure to ammonia. METHODS: This study was conducted in an ice factory. Ammonia reservoirs were selected as the danger center. The scenarios were evaluated from the perspective of the worst-case. The Emergency Response Planning Guidelines 1–3 was used to predict the dangerous concentrations in acute exposure. The probability of human vulnerability was estimated using the Probit model. PHAST 7.2 software was used to model consequences. As a measure of chronic exposure to ammonia, NMAM 6016 was used. A respiratory symptom questionnaire developed by the American Thoracic Society was used for collecting respiratory symptom histories. RESULTS: The ERPG3 level or concentration of 750 ppm was found at a distance of 617.71 and 411.01 meters from tanks, respectively, as a result of a rupture in reservoir 1 over a period of two halves of the year. It was found that the highest probit values for tank 2 at distances of zero, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 meters were 9.55, 5.92, 5.47, 4.82, 4.23, 3.56 and 2.96, respectively. The prevalence of pulmonary symptoms, which include coughing, dyspnea, phlegm, and wheezing, was 28%, 19%, 15%, and 26% in the chronic exposure group. CONCLUSION: In the event that an ammonia reservoir ruptures catastrophically, it may cause human injury at ERPG-2 or ERPG-3 levels. Results revealed that exposure to this substance can impose many pulmonary symptoms on the respiratory system of workers in industries. In order to reduce the vulnerability of humans to potential release scenarios, control measures must be implemented. Also, preventive and mitigation measures can be designed to enhance safety and resilience against the release of hazardous materials.
METHODS AND MEANS OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR SHIELDING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: Sukach Serhii , Rieznik Dmytro
Published: December 2023

The main principles of increasing the shielding coefficients of electromagnetic fields by composite materials are considered. It is shown that the protective properties in the low-frequency and high-frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are provided by different physical mechanisms. Therefore, to ensure acceptable protective properties, it is necessary to coordinate the ratio of electrophysical and magnetic properties of materials based on compromise solutions. The main condition in the process of designing materials is to take into account the strong frequency dependence of the dielectric and magnetic permeability of filler particles. To predict the required volume content of the shielding filler in the dielectric matrix, it is possible to use the Maxwell-Garnett, Odelevsky, and Lorentz formulas. At the same time, it should be taken into account that the differences between calculated and experimental results are at least 20 %. For simultaneous effective shielding of ultra-low-frequency and ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic fields, the material must have both sufficient magnetic properties and acceptable electrical conductivity. This can be achieved by treating the original mixture containing ferromagnetic particles with a constant magnetic field of 200–300 A/m. By arranging the arrangement of shielding particles in the body of the composite, conduction circles are formed. With a shielding material content of 12–16 % by volume, a percolation effect is achieved - a sharp increase in the electrical conductivity of the material and an increase in protective properties. The amount of filler depends not only on the total volume, but also on the size of individual particles. In this way, simultaneous shielding of both the magnetic component of the industrial frequency electromagnetic field and ultrahigh and higher frequency electromagnetic fields is achieved. It is shown that it is expedient to investigate the possibility of arranging non-magnetic particles in the body of the composite by treating the initial mixture with an electric field.
ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL POWER TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES DURING HARMONIC OSCILLATIONS OF DRIVES IN LOAD-LIFTING, TRANSPORTING AND VIBROFORMING CONCRETE MIXTURE MACHINES AND MECHANISMS
Authors: Chovnyuk Yurii , Kravchyuk Volodymyr , Cherednichenko Petro , Ostapushchenko Olga
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the study is to detail the types of mechanical power during harmonic oscillations of drives in load-lifting, transporting and vibroforming concrete mixture machines and mechanisms. Due to the irreversibility of thermal energy, its derivative will take only positive values. However, derivatives can be taken from both potential and kinetic energy. But the most interesting case is the case of harmonic os-cillations in the specified machines and mechanisms drives, for which the derivatives (instantaneous power) are sign-changing functions, that fundamently distinguishes them from thermal power. The analogue of kinetic energy in electric engineering is magnetic field energy in inductor coil, potential energy analogue is capacitor’s electric field energy, and mechanical thermal energy is replaced by thermal energy, which is dissipated by the resistor. It is shown in this study that not only thermal power (with a positive sign) develops during load-lifting, transporting and vibroforming concrete mixture machines and mechanisms drivers mechanical oscillations , but also sign-changing reactive powers, which characterize the kinetic and potential energies inverse. Here, the active power is understood as the average value of the instantaneous power for half a period, and under reactive − amplitude value. The full mechanic power of machines and mechanisms drives, on the one hand, is described by the Pythagorean formula, and from the other − is equal to the product of the harmonic quantities effec-tive values. A feature of the complex representation is that when calculating the full power, one of the vectors that are multiplied must be conjugate. The representation about mechanical reactive, active and full power is a generalization of the corre-sponding consepts from electrical engineering, which is a manifestation of electro-mechanical dualism. Since in most machines and mechanisms the drives are mainly electromechanical, mechanical reactive power transforms into electrical reactive power of the network, thereby worsening the quality of electricity. Therefore, con-sideration of mechanical reactive power is of great importance.
INVESTIGATION OF THE ACCURACY OF DETERMINING THE COORDINATES OF SPHERES USING THE FARO FOCUS S 120 LASER SCANNER
Authors: Adamenko Oleksandr , Annenkov Andriy , Medvedskyi Yurii , Tcikolenko Elena , Havrylov Yehor
Published: December 2023

Goal. The purpose of the work is research and analysis of the accuracy of determining the coordinates of spheres during geodetic work on laser scanning.

Methods. The study of the accuracy of measurements of the laser scanner was carried out by the method of direct measurements. During the research, the reference value of the displacement of the sphere was measured using a laser interferometer. The measurements were performed to determine the measurement errors of various measured values of the laser scanner: horizontal angle, vertical angle and distance. Processing of scans and determination of sphere coordinates was carried out in the FARO Scene Lt software complex. Processing of measurement results was carried out by methods of mathematical statistics using MS Excel.

Scientific novelty. A study of the sensitivity of the laser scanner for determining minor displacements of reference targets, using spheres as an example, was carried out. Work with sensitivity studies in determining the coordinates of reference targets, as a component of the error in determining their coordinates, we did not find.

Practical significance. The conducted studies will allow determining the optimal ranges of location of reference targets during scanning to ensure the highest accuracy of determining their coordinates. However, it has been experimentally proven that this method cannot be used to determine the full accuracy characteristics of a laser scanner in determining the coordinates of reference targets, since the influence of some systematic errors, such as the eccentricity of the component parts of the laser scanner, is excluded in the measurements.

The results. According to the research results, it is possible to draw a conclusion about the most appropriate location of reference targets in the form of spheres to achieve the highest accuracy of determining their coordinates. As can be seen from the research, it is desirable to place the spheres at a distance of approximately 5 m from the NLS. At shorter distances (about 2 m), the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the spheres begins to be affected by the growing errors of measuring distances by the scanner, at large distances (from 10 m), the errors of measuring the height coordinates of the spheres increase. The results presented in the paper require further research. These studies should be performed for other types of reference targets and with the use of other models of laser scanners, which is the goal of further research by the authors.
VERTICAL GREENING SYSTEMS IN THE CITY AND VISUAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE CITY OF UZHHOROD
Authors: Kaynts Diana , Mykaylo Oksana , Shvets Maksym
Published: December 2023

An analysis of the characteristics of vertical "green" urban systems, also methods of their organization, constructive solutions and principles of operation in modern cities was carried out. The article provides a meaningful classification of such systems, describes their features, advantages and disadvantages, tools and structures, vegetation, and also compares the cost of consumables for each of the types.

This article describes the properties of vertical landscaping, argued for its positive impact on the city microclimate, ecology, health and psycho-emotional state of residents. Based on the best world analogues and taking into account the need to introduce this type of landscaping into the structure of the complex city green zone, visual concepts for the transformation of facades and roofs of existing buildings in Uzhgorod were proposed.
Microbial Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance among the Most Common Grades of Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Naeem Hamza , Khan Sarfaraz , Siddiqui Muhammad Arshad , Ali Muhammad Mohsin , Siddiqui Shahida Nazir , Ghafoor Amna , Zahoor Sarmad , Mahboob Hafiz Mudabbar
Published: December 2023

The current study was aimed to determine the pattern of antimicrobial resistivity of common microorganisms isolated from the most common grades of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) presenting at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 293 patients were included in the study conducted from January 2019 to December 2020. Deep-seated tissue samples of dimensions 0.5×0.5 cm were taken from the ulcer after surgical debridement, washed with saline, and immediately sent to the laboratory for culture and sensitivity (C&S). Data were analyzed by using SPSS 26. Grade 2 and Grade 3 DFUs (26.62% and 49.14%, respectively) were the most abundant of all DFUs, while Staphylococcus aureus was the most abundant bacteria. The polymicrobial growth pattern was found to be dominant in the current study. The incidence of MRSA was 68.4%(26/38) and 66.2%(49/74) in grades 2 and 3, respectively. The overall incidence of gram-negative microbes increased with an increase in the grade of ulcer. Hence, it can be concluded that early identification and grading of the disease can assist in the early initiation of empirical treatment and may reduce the unwanted morbidity of the disease. Furthermore, ultimate treatment should always be based on culture and sensitivity reported to minimize the disease's socioeconomic burden and morbidity.
Endophytic Microbial Community and its Potential Applications: A Review
Authors: Khan Muddasir , Shah Syed Hussain , Hayat Fawad , Akbar Sajeela
Published: December 2023

Endophytes are present in all plant species across the world. They assist their hosts by producing several chemicals/metabolites that provide protection and, ultimately, survival value to their host plants. In various studies, endophytes have been demonstrated to be a new and potential source of novel natural chemicals for application in modern medicine, agriculture, and industry. Endophytes have developed a variety of natural chemicals that include antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antiparasitic, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, immunosuppressive, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidants. These chemicals are involved in biodegradation and biofertilizers that promote the growth of plants. Screening these endophytic metabolites is regarded as a promising technique to combat drug-resistant human and plant disease strains. In this review, the basic concept of endophytes, the variety of endophytic microbiome, as well as the application of endophytes are presented. This knowledge may be used to extract improved bioactive compounds from endophytes and may serve as a foundation for future research.
Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Different Organs of Labeo rohita and Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Zulfiqar Amina , Khan Muhammad Amjad , Yasmeen Roheela , Bokhari Syeda Shazia
Published: December 2023

The current study was conducted to assess the concentration of heavy metals in rohu (Labeo rohita) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total of three sites namely Rawal Lake Islamabad, Head Balloki, and a private fish farm in Muridke were selected. Fish were dissected and tissues from the liver, kidneys, gills, and muscles were separated. Chemical digestion of samples was carried out with aqua regia. Three metals namely chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) were detected by using atomic absorption spectroscopy in the labs of Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PSCIR), Lahore, Pakistan. All metals were found at a higher level in different tissues of both the fish species. The overall trend of metals in the two fish species namely rohu and carp was recorded as Hg > Cd > Cr. It was observed that the level of Hg remained very high as compared to other metals. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and significant differences at p < 0.001 were noticed for the metals in different organs. While, independent sample t test showed non-significant differences at p > 0.483 between the two fish species. The liver was found to have the highest metal load, followed by the kidneys and gills. The metal load was above the permissible limit set by World Health Organization (WHO). However, the heavy metals concentration in muscles was below the permissible limit. It was noticed that heavy metal contamination was higher in Rawal Lake as compared to the private fish farm. It was concluded that contaminated water bodies are affecting the exposed organisms. So, there is a need to save them from pollutants for the best survival of aquatic life.
Comparing Prognosis of Hip Replacement Outcomes with and without Post-Operative Physiotherapy Sessions: A Five-Year Retrospective Review (2018-2022)
Authors: Ijaz Rimsha , Riaz Saba , Maqbool Sania
Published: December 2023

The hip joint is a ball and socket joint that supports body weight and is responsible for locomotion. Hip replacement surgery is mostly performed when hip pain significantly impedes daily life activities and when non-surgical treatments are ineffective in certain cases. The most common cause of hip replacement is damaged hip joint, which can cause arthritis. Therefore, physical therapy after the replacement surgery of major joints is generally considered helpful for a good prognosis. However, if the patients are given the usual care recommended by the surgeons, the patients recover in the same manner as they do with the physical therapy sessions or the physical therapy usually accelerates the recovery process and prevents future complications. Thus, the current study provides a comprehensive of the recovery of patients who have undergone hip arthroplasty, with or without physical therapy training programs.
The Electric Field as a form of Acceleration
Authors: Segal Moshe
Published: December 2023

Gravity is already recognized as form of Acceleration, but the nowadays Science of Physics does not recognize (yet) the Electric Field also as a form of Acceleration.

Based on _STRUCTURAL IDENTITIES_ between Newton's Universal Gravitational Law and Coulomb's Law, this paper provides argumentations which indicate that the Electric Field should be also recognized as a form of Acceleration.

This paper also proposes a relatively simple experiment, which if implemented, it might prove, (or disprove), the above presented statement that the Electric Field should be also recognized as a form of Acceleration.

If this experiment will be implemented, and its results will be successful, such that the Electric Field will be also recognized as a form of Acceleration, this will also result in significant implications.
Does Sugar Control Arrest Complications in Type 2 Diabetes? Examining the Rigour in Statistical Methods and Causal Inference in Clinical Trials.
Authors: Ojha Akankasha , Vidwans Harshada , Watve Milind
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: In contrast to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), in type 2 (T2DM) the success of intensive glucose normalisation in arresting diabetic complications is marginal and inconsistent across multiple clinical trials. However, glucose regulation still largely remains the main target of treatment for T2DM in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVES: We examine the possible causes of inconsistency across studies, the scientific rigour behind the design, conduct and inferences of 6 large institutional clinical trials targeting glucose normalisation and following up for diabetic complications and mortality.

STUDY DESIGN: We enumerate the possible flaws in the design, statistical treatment of the results and possible logical traps in making inferences. Further, we evaluate whether the flaws can mislead the conclusions. We also suggest a more sound statistical treatment of the data and interpret results of the trials together in a coherent way.

RESULTS: The clinical trials for intensive glucose control suffer from a number of common problems that have not been addressed. The most important being the failure to correct for multiple outcomes. This is recognised by some reviewers but no correction is attempted. The second is the interdependence of the outcomes, owing to which statistics based on the assumption of independence can be misleading. Simulations show that the apparent inconsistency or heterogeneity between trial results can be explained by the violation of assumed independence alone. Further, the problems with placebo control, failure to recognise alternative possibilities, inability to segregate clinical significance from statistical significance and misleading reporting formats point to conformity bias and publication bias.

CONCLUSIONS: We find no support for the prevalent belief that glucose normalisation has any benefit in terms of reducing the frequency of any of the complications or mortality. It is time to reconsider the glucocentric line of treatment of T2DM. Rethinking some of the fundamental beliefs about the pathophysiology of diabetic complications and facilitating novel alternative lines of research is the need of the field.
Research Trends in Mindfulness for Adolescents: Based on CiteSpace Visualization Analysis
Authors: Qian Lei , Ye Fang , Zhang Yali , Luo Lilan , Jin Jialin , Jiang Ke , Qiu Huilin , Xu Ping
Published: December 2023

Mindfulness has been increasingly used to improve the mental health of adolescents. This study focused on evaluating the latest research status of mindfulness for adolescents through CiteSpace and on identifying research hotspots and frontiers. We extracted the English literature of mindfulness for adolescents from the Web of Science (WoS) and the Chinese literature from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases, covering the period from 1999 to 2022. A total of 1317 papers were obtained. CiteSpace was used to generate online maps of worldwide cooperation among countries, institutions, and authors. Hotspots and frontiers were systematically summarized. There is a paucity of collaboration among institutions in the Chinese literature compared to the English literature. The research themes of the literatures of the two languages have overlaps and also discrepancies at different times. Future research may focus on the mechanism of mindfulness and appropriate groups for application. Collaboration among authors should be strengthened.
A Robust Assessment of the Local Anisotropy of the Hubble Constant
Authors: Sanejouand Yves Henri
Published: December 2023

Magnitude predictions of \(\Lambda\)CDM, as parametrized by the Planck collaboration, are not consistent with the supernova data of the whole Pantheon+ sample even when, in order to take into account the uncertainty about its value, the Hubble constant is adjusted. This is a likely consequence of the increase of the number of low-redshift supernovae in the Pantheon+ sample, with respect to previous such samples. Indeed, when supernovae at redshifts below 0.035 are ignored, \(\Lambda\)CDM predictions become consistent with Pantheon+ data. Interestingly, this is also the case if subsets of low-redshift supernovae roughly centered on the direction of the CMB dipole are considered, together with high-redshift ones. These results seem robust, since they are also obtained with a simple, single-parameter tired-light model.
Meditation Matters: Enhancing Learning Outcomes and Well-Being Among College Students
Authors: Swargiary Khritish
Published: December 2023

This experimental research study explores the influence of a four-week meditation program on learning outcomes among college students. A sample of 50 students from diverse academic disciplines was randomly assigned to either the Meditation Group (n = 25) or the Control Group (n = 25). The Meditation Group engaged in structured meditation sessions three times a week, led by a trained instructor, while the Control Group maintained their regular routines. Learning outcomes were assessed through pre-test and post-test evaluations, measuring numeric scores out of 100 and subjective aspects like confidence, application of principles, study habits, and stress/anxiety frequency. Statistical analysis, including paired and independent t-tests, revealed that the Meditation Group exhibited significant improvements in learning outcomes, confidence, and ability to apply principles, along with a noteworthy reduction in stress/anxiety frequency compared to the Control Group. These findings suggest that a short-term meditation program positively impacts academic performance and well-being, highlighting its potential benefits in educational settings.
METHODS OF TRAINING INSPECTORS-CYNOLOGISTS WITH SERVICE DOGS TO SEARCH FOR EXPLOSIVES, WEAPONS AND AMMUNITION
Authors: Софіян Дмитро , СЕРХОВЕЦЬ Сергій , Афанасьєв Анатолій , Клепацький Сергій , КОВАЛЬЧУК Олег
Published: December 2023

The article presents a variant of the methodology of training inspectors-cynologists with service dogs to search for explosives, weapons and ammunition, which is implemented during the training of future border guard officers at the National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. The authors present the method of training service dogs for the detection of explosives, weapons and ammunition as a scientifically based system with the following main components: specific skills that ensure the use of service dogs for the search for explosives, weapons and ammunition; tasks and standards of training service dogs according to the stages of their training (initial, main and final); features of developing skills separately or in combination with others; the mode of training service dogs, taking into account their individual characteristics of behavior; possible mistakes of trainers, which cause formation of unwanted conditioned reflexes of service dogs, as well as ways to prevent them; structural and logical scheme of introduction of complications to the methodology of developing necessary skills of service dogs. The method of training service dogs to search for explosives, weapons and ammunition involves development of relevant skills in a certain sequence during within three periods of training. The main components of the specified stages (periods) are: preparatory exercises; development of a search system and a marking system (recording a characteristic reaction of behavior when finding explosives, weapons and ammunition); complicating options for finding explosives, weapons and ammunition. The training of inspectors-cynologists consists of two parts: theoretical and practical, as well as improvement of their acquired knowledge and skills in border guard units in conditions as close as possible to future professional activity.
АКТУАЛЬНІ ПИТАННЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ СУДНОВОДІЇВ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ СУЧАСНОГО СВІТУ
Authors: ДІДЕНКО Олександр , МОРОЗОВ Сергій
Published: December 2023

У статті проаналізовано актуальні напрацювання та тенденції щодо розв’язання проблеми формування екологічної компетентності у здобувачів освіти – майбутніх судноводіїв. Актуальність дослідження зумовлена зростаючою потребою набуття майбутніми фахівцями з навігації та управління судном екологічної компетентності, необхідної для успішної професійної діяльності в умовах сьогодення. Авторами зазначено, що основною метою формування екологічної компетентності є розвиток екологічних знань, умінь, культури судноводіїв, яка охоплює ціннісні орієнтації, необхідні для збереження та охорони навколишнього середовища. З’ясовано, що сучасний фахівець з навігації та управління судном повинен мати достатньо високий рівень екологічної компетентності, оскільки його професійна діяльність пов’язана з використанням морських ресурсів та впливом на морське середовище. Судноводії мають розуміти принципи сталого використання ресурсів, уміти ефективно використовувати енергію та матеріали, а також уникати забруднення морських вод та знищення морських екосистем. Установлено, що одним із чинників зміни ставлення людей до навколишнього світу є освіта, яка забезпечує набуття здатності оцінювати і вирішувати екологічні проблеми, розвивати ціннісне ставлення, навички та формувати поведінку, сумісну зі сталим розвитком. З урахуванням результатів наукових досліджень визначено основні умови формування екологічної компетентності судноводіїв, а саме включення екологічної складової у навчальні плани та програми; практичне навчання та стажування на суднах або у природно-захисних організаціях, що дозволить здобувачам освіти отримати безпосередній досвід роботи щодо вирішення екологічних проблем; використання інтерактивних методів навчання, таких як: групові дискусії, проєктна робота, гейміфікація, симуляційні пристрої та імітаційні вправи; запровадження міждисциплінарного підходу, що дозволить поєднувати елементи екології з іншими дисциплінами; наявність зовнішніх засобів та ресурсів у закладах освіти, доступ до літератури, онлайн бібліотек, міжнародних бібліотек та досліджень.
FAKTOR FUNDAMENTAL PERUMUSAN KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Sadiah Halimatus , Ikhsan Muhammad Nurul , Rahmah Dhinda Fadhilah , Setiawan Farid
Published: December 2023

Artikel ini membahas faktor-faktor mendasar yang mempengaruhi bagaimana kebijakan pendidikan Indonesia dikembangkan. Pendidikan telah menjadi isu fundamental dan hak setiap warga negara mengingat perkembangan zaman yang begitu pesat, khususnya di Indonesia. Untuk menentukan apakah ada kebijakan dalam kelangsungan pendidikan. Maka kebijakan prndidikan digunakan oleh pemerintah Indonesia untuk dapat membuat, memantau, dan menerapkan pendidikan maka disusunlah kebijakan pendidikan. Namun kebijakan yang sebenarnya diberlakukan ternyata tidak didasarkan pada variabel-variabel fundamental yang telah teridentifikasi. Hal ini sebagai pengingat bagi pemerintah atau mereka yang bertugas dalam perumusan kebijakan pendidikan untuk dapat menciptakan solusi yang tepat untuk masalah yang ada. Untuk menggunakannya sebagai solusi dalam perumusan kebijakan pendidikan, maka dalam artikel ini dijelaskan faktor-faktor fundamental dalam perumusan kebijakan pendidikan. Pendekatan penelitian kualitatif digunakan untuk menulis artikel ini, bersama dengan teknik analisis deskriptif dan literature review. Hasil penulisan artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah Indonesia harus mempertimbangkan dengan secara seksama untuk mengembangkan, mengawasi, dan mengeluarkan kebijakan pendidikan di dunia yang berkembang pesat saat ini. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan faktor fundamental perumusan kebijakan pendidikan dapat menghasilkan kebijakan yang terformulasi dengan baik yang dapat menjawab permasalahan terkini di bidang pendidikan.

Kata kunci: Faktor, Pendidikan, Perumusan,Kebijakan, Pendidikan.
Peran Teknologi Pendidikan dalam Perspektif Merdeka Belajar di Era Digital 4.0
Authors: Murtopo Ali , Rahmaisyah Rahmaisyah , Jusmaini Jusmaini
Published: December 2023

Kajian ini berfokus pada peran teknologi pendidikan dalam mendorong kebebasan belajar di era 4.0. Ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana guru memandang dan menerapkan konsep kebebasan belajar melalui teknologi pendidikan sebagai landasan pembelajaran di era digital ini. Program penelitian tersebut secara khusus menargetkan peningkatan keterampilan literasi dan numerasi siswa, mengatasi kinerja Indonesia yang lebih rendah dalam penilaian pendidikan global seperti PISA. Untuk melakukan penelitian ini, teknik analisis deskriptif dan tinjauan pustaka digunakan. Melalui metode tersebut, temuan penelitian menekankan pentingnya teknologi pendidikan dalam memfasilitasi program kebebasan belajar di era 4.0, yang pada akhirnya meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan secara keseluruhan. Salah satu aspek utama yang disoroti adalah bahwa teknologi pendidikan memungkinkan sekolah, guru, dan siswa memiliki lebih banyak otonomi dan fleksibilitas dalam proses pembelajaran mereka. Hal ini sejalan dengan kebijakan yang mendukung kebebasan belajar dengan mendorong inovasi dan kesempatan belajar mandiri di dalam institusi pendidikan. Dengan memanfaatkan berbagai alat teknologi seperti platform online, sumber daya multimedia interaktif, ruang kelas virtual, atau aplikasi pembelajaran yang dipersonalisasi, pendidik dapat menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang menarik dan dinamis yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan masing-masing siswa. Teknologi ini memberikan peluang untuk pengalaman belajar mandiri sambil mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan kreativitas. Secara keseluruhan, menggabungkan teknologi pendidikan ke dalam praktik pengajaran memberdayakan guru dan siswa dengan memperluas akses ke sumber daya pengetahuan di luar batas kelas tradisional. Ini juga mempromosikan pengalaman belajar kolaboratif di antara siswa sambil mendorong literasi digital yang penting untuk sukses di masyarakat yang maju secara teknologi saat ini.KATA KUNCI: Teknologi Pendidikan, Kebebasan Belajar, Era 4.0
Educação emocional, sensibilização e afetividade: o impacto da inteligência emocional nos espaços escolares
Authors: Vilella Ellen Jane Soares Martins , Silva Dayane Dantas da
Published: December 2023

A proposta do presente artigo é analisar a importância da inteligência emocional e da educação emocional para o desenvolvimento de um ambiente escolar mais saudável, no qual as relações de ensino e aprendizagem não ignorem a afetividade e a dimensão humana entre docentes, alunos e comunidade escolar. O artigo se fundamenta teoricamente no levantamento e análise crítica de bibliografia pertinente ao tema, debatendo as principais ideias e conceitos acerca da efetividade e das emoções na aprendizagem. Dessa forma, o artigo apresentará o conceito SEL (Social and Emotional Learning) como programa educacional aplicado em escolas ao redor do mundo, que visa promover um aprendizado significativo aos educandos, desenvolvendo-os o autocontrole e o autoconhecimento através da prática de suas atividades curriculares, contribuindo para a vida pessoal e profissional, tanto no âmbito educacional como nos espaços extraescolares.
Use of real-world data for drug development
Authors: Kolbin A.S. , Niyazov R.R. , Kalinichenko V.V. , Glagolev S.V.
Published: December 2023

The use of real-world data (RWD) and real-world evidence (RWE) is an international trend in the modern healthcare system. In a review article, the authors highlight the use of RWD/RWE for drug development in the following categories: drug-drug interactions; dose selection in special populations such as patients with elimination organ dysfunction; dosing optimization in children; the use of quantitative clinical pharmacology in model-based drug development; use of RWE as a parallel data source to complement a randomized controlled trial to extend indications; RWD/RWE to create an external control group for rare diseases.
Fractional flow reserve assessment for guiding the strategy of endovascular treatment of patients with chronic coronary syndrome and multivessel coronary artery disease
Authors: Vartanyan E.L. , Polyakov R.S. , Dyachuk L.I. , Fetzer D.V. , Arutyunova Ya.E. , Karanadze N.A. , Trukhanova M.A. , Mironov N.A. , Matskeplishvili S.T.
Published: December 2023

To evaluate the impact of fractional flow reserve (FFR) assessment on the choice of the myocardial revascularization strategy in patients with ischemic heart disease and multivessel coronary artery disease and to compare the long-term outcomes of complete functional or anatomical revascularization.
THE ROLE OF MONETARY POLICY IN THE SYSTEM FOR ENSURING THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF THE STATE
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, Galustian Robert
Published: December 2023

This article examines the role of monetary policy in the system that ensures the financial stability of the country. Monetary and credit policy is an important part of the economic policy of the National Bank, which is aimed at ensuring price stability, creating appropriate conditions for the economic growth and development of the country, and increasing the level of employment of the population. Ensuring the stabilization of the national economy requires the implementation of a set of measures aimed at managing individual elements of economic development. The implementation of a successful monetary policy and its impact on national economic security depends on the achievement of tactical, medium-term and final goals. Among the main directions of monetary policy, the following final goals can be identified, which are directly related to the level of national economic security: growth of real production, moderate expected inflation, balance of international payments, maximum employment. The main tools of wartime monetary policy are defined and the necessity of implementing wartime monetary policy is revealed. War always causes significant damage to the economic and financial stability of the country. One of the most striking consequences of this is the strong inflationary pressure in Ukraine after Russia’s military aggression. This economic indicator seriously affected the life of the population and the general economic development of the country. The priorities of the monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine during the war years are the maximization of Ukraine’s defense needs and the reliable functioning of financial markets, ensuring the smooth operation of the banking and payment systems, curbing inflation and maintaining the economic stability of the hryvnia, and ensuring the necessary level of international reserves. The facts confirm that monetary policy is a catalyst for ensuring the country’s financial security and plays an important role in this process. The economic difficulties that Ukraine will face after the war require a number of measures to ensure macroeconomic stability and prevent panic. These measures need to be studied in detail in future studies.
La evolución de la desigualdad de la renta y la riqueza en España, 1898-2023
Authors: Artola Blanco Miguel , Martínez-Toledano Clara
Published: December 2023

Desde 1898 hasta la actualidad, la desigualdad ha estado lejos de evolucionar en una sola dirección. La fuerte reducción en la concentración de los recursos que se produjo en las décadas centrales del siglo XX ha dado paso en la época más reciente al resurgir de la desigualdad. En este artículo se analiza la desigualdad de la renta de mercado, la concentración de la riqueza y el efecto de las políticas redistributivas.