bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis, Characterization and Composition‐Dependent Magnetic Properties of LaFe1‐xCrxO3 System (0 ≤ x ≤ 1).
Authors: Hu Weiwei , Chen Yan , Yuan Hongming , Zhang Ganghua , Li Guanghua , Pang Guangsheng , Feng Shouhua
Published: September 2010

The title compounds are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions of La(NO3)3, CrCl3, Fe(NO3)3, and KOH with various initial Fe/Cr ratios and KOH contents (autoclave, 513 K, 5 d) and characterized by powder XRD, SEM, and magnetization measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Boron Suboxide (B6O) with Ball Milled Boron Oxide (B2O3) under Lower Pressure and Temperature.
Authors: Jiao Xiaopeng , Jin Hua , Liu Fuyang , Ding Zhanhui , Yang Bin , Lu Fengguo , Zhao Xudong , Liu Xiaoyang
Published: September 2010

Well‐crystallized icosahedral B6O grains with diameters ranging from 100 nm to 1.3 μm are prepared from mixtures of boron and ball milled B2O3 powders (h‐BN capsule, 2 GPa, 1400 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Series of BaAl2‐xSixH2‐x (0.4 < x < 1.6) Hydrides with Compositions and Structures in Between BaSi2 and BaAl2H2.
Authors: Moser D. , Haeussermann U. , Utsumi T. , Bjoerling T. , Noreus D.
Published: September 2010

The title hydrides are prepared by direct reaction of BaAl2‐xSix (obtained by melting stoichiometric mixtures of the elements) with hydrogen (autoclave, 70 bar H2, 300—700 °C, 3—48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring Order—Disorder Structural Transitions in the Li—Nb—N—O System: The New Antifluorite Oxynitride Li11NbN4O2.
Authors: Cabana J. , Casas‐Cabanas M. , Santner H. J. , Fuertes A. , Palacin M. R.
Published: September 2010

Li16Nb2N8O is prepared from a mixture of Li3N, NbN, and Li2O in a molar ratio of 3:1:.0.18 (850 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: KBiMS4 (M: Si, Ge): Synthesis, Structure, and Electronic Structure.
Authors: Mei Dajiang , Lin Zheshuai , Bai Lei , Yao Jiyong , Fu Peizhen , Wu Yicheng
Published: September 2010

The title compounds are prepared from mixtures of the elements using K2S3 as a reactive flux (873 K, 72 h) and characterized by single crystal XRD, UV/VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and plane‐wave pseudopotential band structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Ring‐Opening of Phthalan and Isochroman: Application to the Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Tetrahydrobenzazepines.
Authors: Garcia Daniel , Foubelo Francisco , Yus Miguel
Published: September 2010

Differently substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines and ‐benzazepines are prepared with high stereoselectivity starting from phthalan and isochroman, resp., and a chiral N‐tert‐butylsulfinyl aldimine.
ChemInform Abstract: Readily Available Chiral Phosphine—Aminophosphine Ligands Derived from 1‐Phenylethylamine for Rh‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenations.
Authors: Zhou Xiao‐Mao , Huang Jia‐Di , Luo Li‐Bin , Zhang Cheng‐Lu , Zheng Zhuo , Hu Xiang‐Ping
Published: September 2010

Among the novel phosphineaminophosphine derivatives prepared, effective ligands are identified for the Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of enamides (II), Z‐β‐dehydroamino acid esters (VI), and itaconate (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Structurally Constrained C1‐1,1′‐Bisisoquinoline‐Based Chiral Ligands: Geometrical Implications on Enantioinduction in the Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes.
Authors: Qi Gao , Judeh Zaher M. A.
Published: September 2010

Among a variety of novel C1‐symmetric bisisoquinoline ligands (I), only the N‐unsubstituted ligand (Ia) possesses a conformation necessary to achieve good enantioselectivity in the diethylzinc addition towards aromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium/Chiral Diene‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,6‐Addition of Arylboroxines to α,β,γ,δ‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Nishimura Takahiro , Yasuhara Yuichi , Sawano Takahiro , Hayashi Tamio
Published: September 2010

The title reaction of dienones, dienamides, or a dienoate affords δ‐arylated carbonyl compounds with high enantioselectivities by use of the C2‐symmetric tetrafluorobenzobarrelene‐derived iridium complex IRB as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Chelation‐Assisted Palladium‐Catalyzed Acyloxylation of Benzyl sp3 C—H Bonds Using PhI(OAc)2 as Oxidant.
Authors: Zhang Shouhui , Luo Fang , Wang Wenhui , Jia Xiaofei , Hu Maolin , Cheng Jiang
Published: September 2010

Substrates (I) and (VI) react with chelation assistance of the quinoline N‐atom at the 8‐alkyl side chain to give monoacetoxylation products.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective α‐Fluorination and Chlorination of β‐Ketoesters by Cobalt Catalyst.
Authors: Kawatsura Motoi , Hayashi Shunsuke , Komatsu Yuji , Hayase Shuichi , Itoh Toshiyuki
Published: September 2010

The Co‐catalyzed enantioselective α‐fluorination and α‐chlorination of β‐ketoesters (I) and (III) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient N‐Arylation of Heterocycles with Aryl‐, Heteroaryl‐, and Vinylboronic Acids Catalyzed by Copper Fluorapatite.
Authors: Kantam Mannepalli Lakshmi , Venkanna Gopaladasu Tirupati , Kumar Kota Balaji Shiva , Subrahmanyam Vura Bala
Published: September 2010

A new and efficient method for the arylation of heterocycles is presented using copper fluorapatite as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Benzylation and Allylation of Tertiary Alkyl Bromides with Organozinc Reagents.
Authors: Mitamura Yukihiro , Asada Yoshihiro , Murakami Kei , Someya Hidenori , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: September 2010

Silver salts catalyze the benzylation and allylation of tertiary alkyl bromides with organozinc reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron/Copper Promoted Oxidative Homo‐Coupling Reaction of Terminal Alkynes Using Air as the Oxidant.
Authors: Meng Xu , Li Chuanbin , Han Baochun , Wang Tiansheng , Chen Baohua
Published: September 2010

In the presence of air, the combination of Fe(acac)3 and a trace of Cu(acac)2 promotes the homocoupling of terminal alkynes to give the symmetrical or asymmetrical diynes (II) or (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Amidation of Esters Assisted by Mg(OCH3)2 or CaCl2.
Authors: Bundesmann Mark W. , Coffey Steven B. , Wright Stephen W.
Published: September 2010

The title reagents facilitate the direct aminolysis of various esters by NH3 (or NH4Cl) and amine hydrochlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: An Organocatalytic Asymmetric Nazarov Cyclization.
Authors: Basak Ashok K. , Shimada Naoyuki , Bow William F. , Vicic David A. , Tius Marcus A.
Published: September 2010

The reaction of α‐ketoenones is catalyzed by the thiourea organocatalyst to afford the target cyclopentene derivatives with good yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Propargylic Activation Across a Heterobimetallic Ir—Sn Catalyst: Nucleophilic Substitution and Indene Formation with Propargylic Alcohols.
Authors: Chatterjee Paresh Nath , Roy Sujit
Published: September 2010

The propargylic alcohols smoothly and regioselectively react with various nucleophiles to afford diverse synthetically important propargylic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Chromium‐Catalyzed Homoaldol Equivalent Reaction Employing a Nucleophilic Propenyl Acetate.
Authors: Kang Jun Yong , Connell Brian T.
Published: September 2010

Acetate (II) is employed as a masked homoenolate nucleophile in addition reactions to aromatic, aliphatic and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes under mild Cr/Mn redox conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of syn/anti‐1,3‐Amino Alcohols via Proline‐Catalyzed Sequential α‐Aminoxylation/α‐Amination and Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons Olefination of Aldehydes.
Authors: Jha Vishwajeet , Kondekar Nagendra B. , Kumar Pradeep
Published: September 2010

The target compounds are prepared with anti‐ or syn‐selectivity using D‐ or L‐proline as a catalyst, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Sterically Congested Molecules. Part 21. Easier Preparation of 2,6‐Di‐tert‐butylphenyl Derivatives.
Authors: Knorr Rudolf , Rossmann Eva Christine , Knittl Monika
Published: September 2010

NaH‐mediated reaction of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol with dimethyl sulfate produces the anisole derivative with complete suppression of the competing 4‐methylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III) Tosylate Catalyzed Deprotection of Aromatic Acetals in Water.
Authors: Olson Margaret E. , Carolan James P. , Chiodo Michael V. , Lazzara Phillip R. , Mohan Ram S.
Published: September 2010

A broad spectrum of aromatic as well as conjugated acetals and ketal (XIII) can be used as substrates for a successful deprotection procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric syn‐Selective Direct Aldol Reaction in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Yong Fui‐Fong , Poh Chai‐Yun , Chua Guan‐Leong , Teo Yong‐Chua
Published: September 2010

A siloxy serine organocatalyst mediates the direct aldol reaction of Tbs‐protected hydroxyacetone (II) with a variety of arylaldehydes (I) to afford β‐hydroxycarbonyl scaffolds in good yields and enantioselectivities up to 94%.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons Reaction Using DBU.
Authors: Ando Kaori , Yamada Kyohei
Published: September 2010

The reaction of phosphonates with aldehydes provides α,β‐unsaturated esters and ketones with excellent (E)‐selectivity (<95:5) in the case of (III) and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Efficient Cross‐Coupling of Tris(fluorinated phenyl)boroxins with Disulfides Catalyzed by CuI/1,10‐Phenanthroline.
Authors: Yu Chuanming , Jin Beibei , Liu Zhenyu , Zhong Weihui
Published: September 2010

Boroxin (I) or its tris(3‐fluorophenyl) analogue give by coupling with aromatic or aliphatic disulfides the corresponding sulfides.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative 1,2‐Addition of Carboxylic Acids to Aldehydes or Imines.
Authors: Luo Yong , Wu Jie
Published: September 2010

The reaction presented is limited to electron‐rich aryl carboxylic acids (I) and electron‐poor aldehydes (IV) or imines (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and General Synthesis of Tropolonyl‐Substituted Chalcone Derivatives
Authors: Chang Mingqin , Li Yang , Zhang Hong , Gao Wentao
Published: September 2010

via Claisen—Schmidt condensation of 3‐acetyltropolone with aromatic aldehydes under mild conditions (22 examples)
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 6‐Iodo‐2,2′‐dipivaloyloxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl, a Key Intermediate of High Reactivity for Selective Palladium‐Catalyzed Monofunctionalization of the 1,1′‐Binaphthalene Core.
Authors: Feher Csaba , Urban Bela , Uerge Laszlo , Darvas Ferenc , Bakos Jozsef , Skoda‐Foeldes Rita
Published: September 2010

Selective iodination of monoprotected binaphthol derivative (I) followed by protection with pivaloyl chloride affords the title compound (IV) in high yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Fluorescence Emission Properties of 1,3,6,8‐Tetrakis(9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)pyrene Derivative.
Authors: Hu Jian‐yong , Hiyoshi Hidetaka , Do Jung‐Hee , Yamato Takehiko
Published: September 2010

The blue fluorescenting title pyrene derivative (IV), synthesized via a Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction of corresponding tetrabromopyrene (II) with dioxoborolane (III), possesses potential application as blue‐emitting material in organic light‐emitting diodes.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Organocatalytic Direct Conjugate Addition of γ‐Butenolide to Chalcones.
Authors: Zhang Yinan , Yu Chenguang , Ji Yafei , Wang Wei
Published: September 2010

Unmodified γ‐butenolide is directly employed as a nucleophile in Michael addition reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dihydrobenzofurans via Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation of 1,3‐Dienes by o‐Iodoaryl Acetates.
Authors: Rozhkov Roman V. , Larock Richard C.
Published: September 2010

The widely applicable reaction proceeds with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: The Oxygenation of Thieno[2,3‐b]thiophenes.
Authors: Shefer Neta , Rozen Shlomo
Published: September 2010

The reaction of thieno[2,3‐b]thiophenes with HOF·MeCN is found to allow efficient access to dioxides of type (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Carbenium Ion Trapping Using Sulfonamides: An Acid‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrrolidines by Intramolecular Hydroamination.
Authors: Griffiths‐Jones Charlotte M. , Knight David W.
Published: September 2010

The carbenium ions derived in‐situ by triflic acid treatment of homoallylic sulfonamides undergo cyclization to give the corresponding pyrrolidines in good to excellent yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective and Stereoselective Copper(I)‐Promoted Allylation and Conjugate Addition of N‐Boc‐2‐lithiopyrrolidine and N‐Boc‐2‐lithiopiperidine.
Authors: Coldham Iain , Leonori Daniele
Published: September 2010

The reactions allow formation of 2‐substituted pyrrolidines and piperidines as useful precursors of alkaloids such as norhygrine (IV) and coniine (XVII).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 3‐Spiropyrrolidine/Pyrrolizidine Oxindoles and Acenaphthenones via One‐Pot Four‐Component [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Zhao Kai , Zhu Song‐Lei , Shi Da‐Qing , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: September 2010

Novel dipolarophiles, prepared in situ by Knoevenagel condensation of cyanoacetylindole (II) and aldehydes, undergo 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with azomethine ylides derived from diketones and amino acids to yield highly functionalized spiro compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropylazetoindolines as Precursors to C(3)‐Quaternary‐Substituted Indolines.
Authors: Espejo Vinson R. , Li Xi‐Bo , Rainier Jon D.
Published: September 2010

Introduction of a variety of nucleophiles in (I) is achieved formally via a transformation of (I) into a cyclopropylazetoindoline (II) and its nucleophilic reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Reaction of Ethyl 5‐Acetyl‐3,4‐dihydropyridine‐1(2H)‐carboxylate with Hydrazines: A Facile Approach to New Pyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: Maximov Nazar B. , Mykhailiuk Pavel K. , Golovach Sergey M. , Tverdokhlebov Anton V. , Voitenko Zoya V. , Tolmachev Andrey A.
Published: September 2010

The N‐protected pyridine derivative (I) reacts with various aromatic and aliphatic hydrazines to give 3‐methylpyrazoles as single regioisomers.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Highly Regioselective Cycloaddition of Aryl Isocyanates with Oxiranes Promoted by MgI2 Etherate.
Authors: Zhang Xingxian , Chen Wei
Published: September 2010

Cycloaddition of various aryl isocyanates with oxiranes (I) is realized in the presence of 50 mol% MgI2 etherate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationships of 2‐Aryl‐4‐oxazolylmethoxy Benzylglycines and 2‐Aryl‐4‐thiazolylmethoxy Benzylglycines as Novel, Potent PPARα Selective Activators‐ PPARα and PPARγ Selectivity Modulation.
Authors: Ye Xiang‐Yang , et al. et al.
Published: September 2010

Potent and highly selective PPARα‐activators (I) as well as PPARα‐activators with significant PPARγ activity such as (II) are identified.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,5‐Disubstituted Tetrazoles via Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of 5‐Chloro‐1‐phenyltetrazole.
Authors: Tang Qing , Gianatassio Ryan
Published: September 2010

Optimized reaction conditions are developed including Pd(OAc)2 and different biphenylphosphino ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reactions of 1,3‐Disubstituted 5‐Pyrazolones and Formaldehyde in Environmentally Benign Solvent Systems and Their Variations with More Fundamental Substrates.
Authors: Tan Jia‐Neng , Li Minghao , Gu Yanlong
Published: September 2010

A series of substituted tetrahydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles (IV) and (VII) is readily obtained by three‐component reaction of pyrazolones with styrenes and paraformaldehyde under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Novel N‐Alkyl/Acyl/Aroyl 2‐(Chroman/6‐bromochroman‐2‐yl)‐1H‐benzimidazoles Using Ionic Liquids and Their Antibacterial Activity.
Authors: Raut Changdev Namdev , Bagul Sandeep Madhukar , Janrao Ravindra Ashok , Vaidya Sanjay Dashrath , Kumar Bobba Venkata Siva , Mahulikar Pramod Pandurang
Published: September 2010

The title compounds (V) and (VIII) display good antibacterial activity against S.aureus but they are less active against S.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Aza‐Nazarov Cyclization of an Azirine.
Authors: Shimada Naoyuki , Ashburn Bradley O. , Basak Ashok K. , Bow William F. , Vicic David A. , Tius Marcus A.
Published: September 2010

An unusual organocatalytic asymmetric cyclization of ketoazirine (III) that is accompanied by a kinetic resolution affords tetrahydropyridine (IV) in high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Multicomponent Domino Cyclization—Aromatization: An Efficient Approach for the Synthesis of Substituted Quinolines.
Authors: Kulkarni Aditya , Toeroek Bela
Published: September 2010

An effective, microwave‐assisted, three‐component, one‐pot domino process for the synthesis of quinolines (IV) (27 examples) from terminal phenylacetylenes, anilines and aldehydes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Anticancer Screening of Some Novel 4‐[2‐Amino‐3‐cyano‐4‐substituted‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinolin‐1‐(4H)‐yl] benzenesulfonamides.
Authors: Al‐Said Mansour S. , Ghorab Mostafa M. , Al‐qasoumi Saleh I. , El‐Hossary Ebaa M. , Noaman Eman
Published: September 2010

All newly synthesized compounds are evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity compared to doxorubicin as reference drug.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 2‐Chloro‐3‐((4‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)methyl)quinoline Derivatives via Click Chemistry Approach.
Authors: Kategaonkar Amol H. , Shinde Pravin V. , Kategaonkar Atul H. , Pasale Sharad K. , Shingate Bapurao B. , Shingare Murlidhar S.
Published: September 2010

New quinoline derivatives (III) are synthesized via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition in terms of a click chemistry approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Expansion Reaction of Indoles with Alkynes: From Indoles to Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives under Mild Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Shi Zhuangzhi , Zhang Bo , Cui Yuxin , Jiao Ning
Published: September 2010

The highly selective title reaction affords tetrahydroquinoline derivatives under mild conditions using O2 as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Indolizine Derivatives Incorporating a Cyclopropylcarbonyl Group Against Hep‐G2 Cancer Cell Line.
Authors: Shen Yong‐Miao , Lv Peng‐Cheng , Chen Wu , Liu Peng‐Gang , Zhang Ming‐Zhu , Zhu Hai‐Liang
Published: September 2010

Novel indolizine and annulated indolizine derivatives incorporating a cyclopropylcarbonyl group are synthesized in a one‐pot procedure by regioselective [3+2] cycloaddition of an in situ prepared pyridinium ylide to electron deficient alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazoacridin‐6‐ones as Novel Inhibitors of the Quinone Oxidoreductase NQO2.
Authors: Nolan K. A. , Humphries M. P. , Bryce R. A. , Stratford I. J.
Published: September 2010

NSC660841 (I) is found to be the most potent inhibitor of NQO2 reported.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Novel Pyrazolophthalazinyl Spirooxindoles.
Authors: Shanthi Gnanamani , Perumal Paramasivan T.
Published: September 2010

Title compounds (IV) (10 examples) are efficiently synthesized by a one‐pot three‐component reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Preparation of 4‐Aryl‐2‐(heteroarylamino)pyrimidines and 4‐Anilino‐2‐(heteroarylamino)pyrimidines.
Authors: Bliss Brian I. , Ahmed Feryan , Iyer Subashree , Lin Weimin , Walker Joel , Zhao He
Published: September 2010

It is demonstrated that non‐nucleophilic heteroarylamines undergo Buchwald—Hartwig N‐arylation with 4‐substituted 2‐chloropyrimidines to afford drug‐like derivatives including analogues (VIc,d) of the reverse transcriptase inhibitor dapivirine.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of 6‐Functionalized 4‐Aryl‐1,3‐oxazinan‐2‐ones and Their Application in the Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐1,3‐aminoalcohols and 6‐Arylpiperidine‐2,4‐diones.
Authors: Mangelinckx Sven , Nural Yahya , Dondas H. Ali , Denolf Bram , Sillanpaeae Reijo , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: September 2010

Treatment of the N‐unprotected homoallylamine carbamates (I) with several electrophiles such as Br2, PhSeBr, I2, or NBS causes ring closure to give the title compounds (II), (V), or (VII) with up to 90% cis‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Oxidation of N‐Phenylamidrazones to 1,3‐Diphenyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐benzotriazin‐4‐yls: An Improved Synthesis of Blatter′s Radical.
Authors: Koutentis Panayiotis A. , Re Daniele Lo
Published: September 2010

Blatter′s radical (IIa) and related derivatives are prepared from the corresponding amidrazones.
ChemInform Abstract: The Facile Syntheses of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepines and Their Ribofuranosides.
Authors: Jain Renuka , Yadav Tripti , Kumar Manoj , Yadav Ashok K.
Published: September 2010

A one‐pot procedure provides access to dihydrobenzodiazepines, e.g. (III), containing heterocyclic moieties or fused and spiro derivatives (VII) and (X) at ambient temperature in environmentally benign ionic liquids.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective C—H Borylation of Alkenes by Palladium Pincer Complex Catalyzed Oxidative Functionalization.
Authors: Selander Nicklas , Willy Benjamin , Szabo Kalman J.
Published: September 2010

The C—H borylation of simple alkenes catalyzed by a palladium pincer complex is performed in the presence of hypervalent iodine and bis(pinacolato)diboron.
ChemInform Abstract: Lobophytones A—G, New Isobiscembranoids from the Soft Coral Lobophytum pauciflorum.
Authors: Yan Pengcheng , Lv Yang , van Ofwegen Leen , Proksch Peter , Lin Wenhan
Published: September 2010

All structures resemble that of lobophytone A (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Nosyberkol (Isotuberculosinol, Revised Structure of Edaxadiene) and (.+‐.)‐Tuberculosinol.
Authors: Maugel Nathan , Mann Francis M. , Hillwig Matthew L. , Peters Reuben J. , Snider Barry B.
Published: September 2010

The synthesis of (II) and (III) reveals that the proposed structure (I) for edaxadiene has to be revised to that of nosyberkol (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and GABAA Receptor Activity of A‐Homo Analogues of Neuroactive Steroids.
Authors: Dansey Maria V. , Di Chenna Pablo H. , Veleiro Adriana S. , Kristofikova Zdena , Chodounska Hana , Kasal Alexander , Burton Gerardo
Published: September 2010

Key steps in the synthesis of title compounds, e.g. (VIII), are a microwave‐assisted rearrangement of cyclopropylcarbinol (I) and a regio‐ and stereospecific β‐epoxidation of diene (III) in the presence of a fructose‐derived ketone as chiral catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Synthesis of Cytotoxic Styryl Lactones Isolated from Polyalthia crassa. The First Total Synthesis of Crassalactone B.
Authors: Popsavin Velimir , Benedekovic Goran , Popsavin Mirjana , Kojic Vesna , Bogdanovic Gordana
Published: September 2010

Starting from the D‐glucose derivative (I), a total synthesis of (+)‐crassalactone B (VI) and a new synthesis of (+)‐crassalactone C (VII) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Phenylselenoglycosides from Glycals and Rationalization of the Selenoglycosylation Processes.
Authors: Di Bussolo Valeria , Fiasella Annalisa , Balzano Federica , Barretta Gloria Uccello , Crotti Paolo
Published: September 2010

The use of Ph‐Se‐ as nucleophile is necessary to achieve β‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Methodology of a Multicomponent Synthesis of Arylnaphthalene Lactones.
Authors: Foley Patrick , Eghbali Nicolas , Anastas Paul T.
Published: September 2010

A multicomponent synthesis of arylnaphthalene lignan lactones is developed and successfully applied to the preparation of the natural products dehydrodimethylretroconidendrin (IV) and its regioisomer (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Triazole Analogues of the Nanaomycin Antibiotics Using “Click Chemistry”.
Authors: Rathwell Kris , Sperry Jonathan , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: September 2010

A series of cis‐configurated triazole analogues of the title antibiotics are prepared by using a ′click′ dipolar cycloaddition of a naphthalene azide to various alkynes followed by oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of a Tandem Metathesis to the Synthesis of (+)‐Panepophenanthrin.
Authors: Li Jingwei , Lee Daesung
Published: September 2010

A novel total synthesis of (+)‐panepophenanthrin (IV) via a tandem ring‐closing metathesis/cross‐metathesis sequence as key step is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Fluorinated Analogues of Goniothalamus Lactones. Impact of Fluorine on Oxidative Processes.
Authors: Dumitrescu Lidia , Huong Doan Thi Mai , Hung Nguyen Van , Crousse Benoit , Bonnet‐Delpon Daniele
Published: September 2010

Compounds (VI) and (X) are synthesized as novel fluorinated analogues of the natural materials goniothalamin and howiinol A.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoporous Metal Foams
Authors: Tappan Bryce C. , Steiner Stephen A. III , Luther Erik P.
Published: September 2010

Review: 131 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt(II) Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Murrie Mark
Published: September 2010

Review: 49 refs
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamers: Dynamic Molecular and Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Lehn Jean‐Marie
Published: September 2010

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Predictive Modeling in Homogeneous Catalysis: A Tutorial
Authors: Maldonado Ana G. , Rothenberg Gadi
Published: September 2010

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: SmI2‐Induced Reductive Cyclizations for the Synthesis of Cyclic Ethers and Applications in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Nakata Tadashi
Published: September 2010

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Applications of Rhodium‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition
Authors: Edwards Hannah J. , Hargrave Jonathan D. , Penrose Stephen D. , Frost Christopher G.
Published: September 2010

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Oligofurans: Molecules Without a Twist
Authors: Bunz Uwe H. F.
Published: September 2010

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Shape‐Persistent Organic Cage Compounds by Dynamic Covalent Bond Formation
Authors: Mastalerz Michael
Published: September 2010

Review: 130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solidification of Ionic Liquids: Theory and Techniques
Authors: Mudring Anja‐Verena
Published: September 2010

Review: 263 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From Fluidic Self‐Assembly to Hierarchical Structures — Superhydrophobic Flexible Interfaces
Authors: Jonas Ulrich , Vamvakaki Maria
Published: September 2010

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvation Dynamics in Dipolar Liquids
Authors: Bagchi Biman , Jana Biman
Published: September 2010

Review: 124 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Spectral Window to the Cell
Authors: Hildebrandt Peter
Published: September 2010

Review: 11 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Research on Terrestrial Plants Used for the Treatment of Malaria
Authors: Wright Colin W.
Published: September 2010

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Nitric Oxide Sensors for Physiological Measurements
Authors: Privett Benjamin J. , Shin Jae Ho , Schoenfisch Mark H.
Published: September 2010

Review: 63 refs.
Cytosolic proteins from tobacco pollen tubes that crosslink microtubules and actin filaments in vitro are metabolic enzymes
Authors: Romagnoli Silvia , Faleri Claudia , Bini Luca , Baskin Tobias I. , Cresti Mauro
Published: September 2010

In plant cells, many processes require cooperative action of both microtubules and actin filaments, but proteins mediating interactions between these cytoskeletal members are mostly undiscovered. Here, we attempt to identify such proteins by affinity purification. Cytosol from Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) pollen tubes was incubated first with actin filaments, and then proteins eluted from the actin were incubated with microtubules, and finally those microtubule‐binding proteins were pooled in an active fraction. This fraction bundled actin filaments but not microtubules. However, when the fraction was added to both actin and microtubules, large bundles resulted, containing both polymers, regardless of the order of addition of components. Similar results were obtained when the order of affinity purification was reversed. The four most abundant bands from the fractions were identified from peptide fragments analyzed by mass spectrometry. The same four proteins were identified regardless of the order of affinity purification. The proteins are: homocysteine methyltransferase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate decarboxylase, and glucan protein synthase (reversibly glycosylated protein). These results suggest the importance of structuring metabolism within the confines of the pollen tube cytoplasm. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No association between two candidate markers of prenatal sex hormones: Digit ratios (2D:4D and other) and finger‐ridge counts
Authors: Dressler Stefan G. , Voracek Martin
Published: September 2010

The second‐to‐fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), putatively indexing prenatal androgen levels retrospectively, has become increasingly popular as an easily applied measure in research into the prenatal sex‐hormonal bases of behavior, health, and disease. However, its validity has not yet been conclusively demonstrated and in fact is currently debated, because validation tests of 2D:4D with other, prenatally established, presumed markers for prenatal sex‐hormone action have yielded mixed evidence or still are unavailable. Hence, the associations of 2D:4D with finger‐ridge counts, one such further under‐researched marker, were examined in this study. In a sample of 75 male and 75 female normal healthy adults, the six possible finger‐length ratios of the human hand (from 2D:3D to 4D:5D, including the classic 2D:4D ratio) were ascertained with two commonly used measurement methods (imaged‐based vs. fingers measured directly), along with two traditional dermatoglyphic traits (total and absolute finger‐ridge counts). Sex differences in finger‐length ratios (lower in men) generally were of moderate size (about .5 SD units), whereas those in finger‐ridge counts (higher in men) were small to negligible (about .2 SD units). Within‐sex analysis did not indicate theory compliant (i.e., negative) correlations between these two sets of traits that were consistent, noteworthy, or reliable. Finger‐length ratios and finger‐ridge counts are ontogenetically overlapping in their prenatal formation and anatomically adjacent. Hence, possible temporal and localized sex‐hormonal effects in prenatal life are unlikely to account for their nonassociation. The current findings cast some doubt on the validity of these retrospective pointers to prenatal androgen levels. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53: 69–78, 2011.
In memory of Alfons Bukowski on the centenary of anti‐doping research
Authors: Pokrywka Andrzej , Gorczyca Damian , Jarek Anna , Kwiatkowska Dorota
Published: September 2010

Alfons Bukowski (1858–1921) is commonly regarded as the pioneer of anti‐doping research. In 1910, he developed a method to detect alkaloids in horse saliva. One hundred years later, this is a good moment to remember Bukowski, an outstanding Polish pharmacist, often mistakenly represented in world literature as a Russian chemist. It is also an occasion to mention that the real driving force in the history of doping were events related to horse rivalry. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectrophotometric determination of penicillins in pure and pharmaceutical formulations using Folin‐Ciocalteu reagent
Authors: Singh Dhruv K. , Maheshwari Gunjan
Published: September 2010

A new combination of time, temperature, and alkali is described for the spectrophotometric determination of amoxicillin and ampicillin using Folin‐Ciocalteu reagent. The method is based on the development of blue‐coloured product due to the reduction of tungstate and/or molybdate in Folin‐Ciocalteu reagent by amoxicillin and ampicillin in alkaline medium. The chromogenic reaction has λmax at 720 and 740 nm with molar absorptivity 1.6295 × 104 and 0.1085 × 104 l mol−1 cm−1 in the Beer's Law range 2–10 µg mL−1 and 10–70 µg mL−1 for amoxicillin and ampicillin, respectively. The method is reproducible, quick, inexpensive, and particularly helpful in determining the drug content in commercial dosage forms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental fate of the mammalian myotome
Authors: Deries Marianne , Schweitzer Ronen , Duxson Marilyn J.
Published: September 2010

The myotome is a segmented paraxial muscle present in all early vertebrate embryos, which in amniotes disappears in mid‐embryogenesis, and is replaced by complex epaxial and hypaxial musculature. Little is known about how this transition occurs. Here, we describe the detailed morphogenesis of the epaxial muscles from the epaxial myotome, in rodent embryos. The results show there is no apoptosis of myotomal fibres during the transition, and that the epaxial muscles arise by translocation, re‐orientation, and elongation of the myotomal myocytes followed by cleavage of the myotomal masses. Myotomal myocytes transit from a mononucleated to a multinucleated state just before onset of this transformation. Each newly‐formed epaxial muscle anlagen includes populations of Pax3‐ and Pax7‐positive muscle progenitors, with different distributions. Using transgenic mouse embryos bearing a GFP marker for Scleraxis, we show that tendon progenitors are tightly associated with the sides and ends of myotomal myocytes as they re‐orient and elongate. Developmental Dynamics 239:2898–2910, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solving the Puzzling Absolute Configuration Determination of a Flexible Molecule by Vibrational and Electronic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopies and DFT Calculations: The Case Study of a Chiral 2,2′‐Dinitro‐2,2′‐biaziridine
Authors: Abbate Sergio , Ciogli Alessia , Fioravanti Stefania , Gasparrini Francesco , Longhi Giovanna , Pellacani Lucio , Rizzato Egon , Spinelli Domenico , Tardella Paolo A.
Published: September 2010

The absolute configuration of a recently synthesized racemate of 2,2′‐dinitro‐2,2′‐biaziridine (2a), a possible catalyst for asymmetric synthesis, has been determined by vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy in the mid‐IR region and DFT calculations. Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra have been obtained and Time‐Dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations have been performed and found to be in agreement with the conclusions from VCD and DFT. A detailed conformational analysis, for approximately 300 geometries, has been carried out, allowing us to find evidence for the most populated conformers chiefly contributing to VCD and ECD spectra. The proposed absolute configuration and prevalent conformers are in correspondence with an equal configuration of the nitrogen atoms of the two aziridine rings.
Ferric(III) Nitrate: An Efficient Catalyst for the Regioselective Friedel–Crafts Reactions of Indoles andtert‐Enamides in Water
Authors: Jiang Ran , Wu Xiao‐Jin , Zhu Xu , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: September 2010

The ferric nitrate catalyzed Friedel–Crafts reactions of various indoles and tertiary enamides, which proceed in water at room temperature, are demonstrated for an efficient, atom‐economical and environmentally friendly route to produce indole derivatives under mild conditions. Based on experimental data and mechanistic studies, the iron(III) ion was found to activate the electron‐rich C=C bond with collaboration of the carbonyl group in the catalytic process.
System identification of a building from multiple seismic records
Authors: Ulusoy Hasan S. , Feng Maria Q. , Fanning Paul J.
Published: September 2010

This paper describes the identification of finite dimensional, linear, time‐invariant models of a 4‐story building in the state space representation using multiple data sets of earthquake response. The building, instrumented with 31 accelerometers, is located on the University of California, Irvine campus. Multiple data sets, recorded during the 2005 Yucaipa, 2005 San Clemente, 2008 Chino Hills and 2009 Inglewood earthquakes, are used for identification and validation. Considering the response of the building as the output and the ground motion as the input, the state space models that represent the underlying dynamics of the building in the discrete‐time domain corresponding to each data set are identified. The time‐domain Eigensystem Realization Algorithm with the Observer/Kalman filter identification procedure are adopted in this paper, and the modal parameters of the identified models are consistently determined by constructing stabilization diagrams. The four state space models identified demonstrate that the response of the building is amplitude dependent with the response frequency and damping, being dependent on the magnitude of ground excitation. The practical application of this finding is that the consistency of this building response to future earthquakes can be quickly assessed, within the range of ground excitations considered (0.005g–0.074g), for consistency with prior response—this assessment of consistent response is discussed and demonstrated with reference to the four earthquake events considered in this study. Inclusion of data sets relating to future earthquakes will enable the findings to be extended to a wider range of ground excitation magnitudes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NMR study, theoretical calculations for assignment of theZ‐ andE‐isomers, and kinetics investigation of stable phosphorus ylides involving a 2‐mercapto‐4,6‐dimethyl pyrimidine
Authors: Zakarianezhad Mohammad , Habibi‐Khorassani Sayyed Mostafa , Ebrahimi Ali , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Ghasempour Hojjat
Published: September 2010

In the present work, NMR, theoretical, kinetics, and mechanism investigations were undertaken for a one‐pot condensation reaction between 2‐mercapto‐4,6‐dimethyl pyrimidine and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of triphenyphosphine containing novel stable phosphorus ylides4a–c. Herein, theoretical calculations have been employed for assignment of the most stable isomers (ZorE) of phosphorus ylides4a,cby natural population analysis, atoms in molecules methods, and CHelpG keyword, in whichE‐4(a, c)are more stable forms as the majors. The1H,13C, and31P NMR data of these ylides are consistent with results obtained from theoretical calculations. In addition, kinetic investigation of new ylides was undertaken by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Useful information was obtained from studies of the effect of solvent, structure of reactants (different alkyl groups within the dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates), and also the concentration of reactants on the rate of reactions. The proposed mechanism was confirmed according to the obtained results and a steady‐state approximation, and the first step (k2) of the reaction was recognized as a rate‐determining step on the basis of the experimental data. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:462–474, 2010; View this article online atwileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20632
The duration of the use of imatinib mesylate is only weakly related to elevated BNP levels in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients
Authors: Marcolino Milena S. , Boersma Eric , Clementino Nelma C.D. , Nunes Maria do Carmo P. , Barbosa Márcia M. , Silva Maria Helena C.R. , Geleijnse Marcel L. , Ribeiro Antonio L.
Published: September 2010

Cardiotoxicity has been feared as a potential side effect of imatinib therapy. Studies with short‐term follow‐up failed to identify an excess of cardiac events, but longer‐term observations are needed to more definitely exclude this adverse effect. This study was designed to assess the cardiac effects of imatinib in patients under long‐term treatment. We included 90 chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients under imatinib therapy for a median treatment time of 3.3 years (mean age 48.9 ± 15.1 years). Patients underwent clinical evaluation, electrocardiography, echocardiography (two‐dimensional, colour flow, tissue Doppler and strain imaging), brain natiuretic peptide (BNP) and troponin I measurements. Twenty healthy volunteers were included as a control group for strain measurements. The mean ejection fraction was 68 ± 7% and the median BNP level was 9.6 pg/ml (interquartile range [IQR] 5.7–17.0 pg/ml). Two patients had either an elevated BNP or a depressed ejection fraction (2.2%; 90%CI 0.9–6.8%). Most of troponin I measurements were lower than the detection limit, except for two patients. Longitudinal strain was similar to measurements in healthy controls. A weak relation was observed between log BNP and imatinib treatment duration and dose. There was no relation between these variables and left ventricle ejection fraction. In conclusion, matinib‐related cardiotoxicity is an uncommon event in CML patients, even during long‐term treatment. Therefore, its use should not be cause of great concern, and the usefulness of regular cardiac monitoring all patients while on imatinib therapy is questionable. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supporting long‐term workforce planning with a dynamic aging chain model: A case study from the service industry
Authors: Größler Andreas , Zock Alexander
Published: September 2010

This study demonstrates how a dynamic, aging chain model can support strategic decisions in workforce planning. More specifically, we used a system dynamics model (a modeling and simulation technique originating from supply chain management) to improve the recruiting and training process in a large German service provider in the wider field of logistics. The key findings are that the aging chain of service operators within the company is affected by a variety of delays in, for example, recruiting, training, and promoting employees, and that the structure of the planning process generates cyclic phases of workforce surplus and shortage. The discussion is based on an in‐depth case study conducted in the service industry in 2008. Implications are that planning processes must be fine‐tuned to account for delays in the aging chain. The dynamic model provides a tool to gain insight into the problem and to improve the actual human resource planning process. The value of the paper lies in the idea of applying a well‐known and quantitative method from supply chain management to a human resource management issue. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An exploratory study of governance in the intra‐firm human resources supply chain
Authors: Farndale Elaine , Paauwe Jaap , Boselie Paul
Published: September 2010

The human resource management (HRM) literature has paid insufficient attention to supply chain management (SCM) when exploring the architecture of human resources (HR). Drawing on an SCM perspective, this study develops our understanding of (1) the intra‐firm HR supply chain, and (2) how this HR supply chain influences corporate governance processes within large organizations. We argue that the HR function, represented as an internal professional service supply chain, needs appropriate governance principles as it operates through multiple delivery channels and with a wide variety of HRM practices. Exploratory findings from a qualitative empirical study of seven large organizations investigating governance and risk management in the HR supply chain are presented. These in‐depth interviews uncover how formal governance is relatively easy for these organizations to achieve, supported by outcome‐focused monitoring tools, but informal governance mechanisms can fail due to insufficient attention. Although standardized approaches to HR delivery can maximize the opportunity for HR governance, little evidence was found that the organizations were considering the related governance implications explicitly. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differences in clinical effect and tolerance between fluvoxamine and paroxetine: A switching study in patients with depression
Authors: Suzuki Yutaro , Tsuneyama Nobuto , Fukui Naoki , Sugai Takuro , Watanabe Junzo , Ono Shin , Someya Toshiyuki
Published: September 2010

Objective

We examined whether discontinuation and the responses to fluvoxamine (FLV) administration could predict the subsequent discontinuation and the responses to paroxetine (PRX) in patients with depression.

Methods

The subjects comprised 106 outpatients who were diagnosed with depression, and clinical evaluation was conducted every 2 weeks. Patients who discontinued FLV because of side effects or did not achieve remission with 200 mg/day of FLV, the drug was switched to PRX. The maximum dose of PRX was 40 mg/day.

Results

Among 10 patients who discontinued FLV, PRX was also discontinued in one patient. Of 33 patients without remission on FLV, PRX was discontinued because of side effects in two patients. There was no statistical difference in the discontinuation rates between the two groups. Four of 10 patients who discontinued FLV achieved remission, while nine of 33 patients without remission with FLV achieved remission with PRX. The remission rate was not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion

Discontinuation and the responses related to FLV could not serve as a predictor for the subsequent discontinuation and the responses related to PRX. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of nightmares in the context of posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Gehrman Philip R. , Harb Gerlinde C.
Published: September 2010

Nightmares are a common feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and are frequently resistant to treatment. Two emerging treatments for nightmares are pharmacotherapy with prazosin and psychotherapy using imagery rehearsal (IR). A case illustration demonstrates the application of these treatments with a client suffering from chronic, severe PTSD. The case illustrates the use of these strategies for managing PTSD‐related nightmares, as well as the novel approach of scheduled awakenings following relapse. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66:1–10, 2010.
Ionic liquid‐bonded polysiloxane as stationary phase for capillary gas chromatography
Authors: Sun Xiaojie , Wu Caiying , Xing Jun
Published: September 2010

Ionic liquid (IL) stationary phase is especially suitable for separation of complex samples, owing to the “dual nature” of IL. In this study, a synthetic method of ionic liquid‐bonded polysiloxane (PSOIL) as stationary phase of GC was proposed. Then, the PSOIL was used to prepare an 8 m capillary column by static method. The column efficiency was measured to be about 4000 plates/m (k=3.55, naphthalene) after the column had been conditioned at 210°C. The durability of PSOIL column was better than that of the mixed stationary phase of IL and OV‐1. Moreover, the Abraham solvation parameter model was employed to characterize the PSOIL. The result revealed that the PSOIL had stronger dispersion force (l) than neat IL and stronger hydrogen bond basicity (a) than DB‐1. That meant the PSOIL might offer good selectivity for both polar and non‐polar analytes. The column exhibited unique selectivity for various organic substances, such as the homologous compounds of alkanes, esters, alcohols and aromatic compounds. It was also found that some aromatic positional isomers could be separated better on the PSOIL column than on the DB‐1 column. Furthermore, the stationary phase was suitable for separation of high‐boiling point compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalic esters, etc. All of these demonstrated that the PSOIL offered good selectivity and high separation efficiency for a wide range of analytes.
Characterizing the Three‐Dimensional Orientation in Polymers using FT‐IR Spectroscopy with Linear Polarized Light
Authors: Brüll Robert , Maria Raquel , Rode Karsten
Published: September 2010

The quantity of absorbance of linear polarized light depends for a given wavelength on the angle between an absorbing transition moment vector and the electric vector of the polarized light. Fraser used this relationship to interpret the infrared dichroism in axially oriented polymers. This model can be extended to calculate the orientation in three dimensions by transforming the Fraser's equation into a P2‐Legendre polynomial. As a result the orientation in three directions—fx, fy, and fz—can be calculated directly from the individual absorbances measured with an electric vector along the axes of interest, the structural absorbance A0 of the sample, and the angle of the transition moment vector in reference to the chain axis. Applying the f values into ‘Hermans’ Orientation function', it becomes possible to calculate the average angle of the chain axis with reference to the axes of interest.

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