bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Objective Quantification of Trochlea Dysplasia: Assessment of Morphology Difference Between Control and Chronic Patellofemoral Instability Patients
Authors: Voss Andreas , Achtnich Andrea , Sanghin Shin , Murakami Akin M. , Edgar Cory
Published: May 2017

Aims and Objectives:

Trochlear dysplasia is an important risk factor associated with patellofemoral instability, but it remains difficult to classify with consistency. Currently there is no objective way to quantify the dysplasia. The purpose of this study to define and quantify objectively the trochlea morphology by volume and length via computed tomography (CT). Hypothesis: A significant difference in trochlea groove volume and length is present within a cohort of patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability if compared to a control cohort of similar patients.

Materials and Methods:

One-hundred control patients (136 knees) were retrospectively reviewed and compared to 36 consecutive patients (72 knees) who were treated surgically for recurrent patella instability and known trochlea dysplasia based on a lateral x-ray. Trochlea morphology was analyzed from a pre-operative CT and data presented as trochlear sulcus volume trochlea length. To determine where along the trochlea length dysplasia is most variable, the trochlea length was radiographically divided into thirds, volume was quantified along that section and compared to control trochlea.

Results:

A significant difference in trochlea morphology exists between cohorts, volume (1.98 vs 3.77 cm3) and length (31.97 vs 34.66 mm). However, there appears to be a gender based difference in trochlea morphology. The trochlea volumetric analysis between the female cohorts (L: 2.02 cm3 vs. 2.94 cm3, R: 1.95 cm3 vs. 2.93 cm3) demonstrated significant less volume in instability patients (p<0.001). The proximal 30% of trochlea contributed the majority of dysplasia difference determined by comparing mean trochlea volume, 95% of the difference. This difference decreased in distal sections, 53% and 32% respectively. The total trochlea length did not appear to be significant (L: p=0.858, R: p=0.913). It appears dysplasia alone may not directly lead to symptoms demonstrated by trochlea volumetric comparisons within symptomatic recurrent patella instability and contralateral asymptomatic patella (p=0.274).

Conclusion:

The authors believe this reproducible technique can be used to quantify the trochlea morphology into measurements to be used describing the severity of the dysplasia. The data confirms that symptomatic trochlea dysplasia is a “proximal” process affecting early knee flexion contact between patella and trochlea.
High impact sport after autologous chondrocyte implantation in the knee
Authors: Müller Peter E. , Gülecyüz Mehmet F. , Pietschmann Matthias F. , Niethammner Thomas R.
Published: May 2017

Aims and Objectives:

Matrix-based autologous chondrocyte implantation is a well-established treatment for full cartilage defects. When to resume to high impact sports after matrix-based autologous chondrocyte implantation is controversial.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-four patients with cartilage defects of the knee were treated with autologous chondrocyte implantation (Novocart®3D). All patients were assessed preoperatively and after a period of 24 months with the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Activity score. The return to high impact sports (soccer, basketball, running, etc.) after matrix-based autologous chondrocyte implantation was documented. Patients were evaluated using the International Knee Documentation Committee Knee Examination Form and visual analogue scale for pain after 6, 12 and 24 months.

Results:

The average return to physical activities or sports after matrix-based autologous chondrocyte implantation procedure was 10.2 months. Patients with a later return of high impact sports after 12 months showed significantly better clinical results after two years. Fifty-five percent showed an unchanged level of physical activity in the UCLA Activity score in the postoperative course. About 35% showed a lower level and 10% a higher level of physical activity.

Conclusion:

Resuming to high impact sport in the first 12 months after ACI procedure leads to inferior outcomes up to 24 months after matrix-based autologous chondrocyte implantation.
Emancipatory Empiricism: The Rural Sociology of W.E.B. Du Bois
Authors: Jakubek Joseph , Wood Spencer D.
Published: April 2017

In this article, the authors discuss W.E.B. Du Bois’ contributions to rural sociology, focusing specifically on his discussions of rural communities and the structure of agriculture. The authors frame his research agenda as an emancipatory empiricism and discuss the ways his rural research is primarily focused on social justice and the social progress of Black communities in rural spaces. Du Bois’ empirical research, funded by the Department of Labor from 1898 to 1905, provides evidence that Du Bois was among the first American sociologists to conduct empirical agrarian analyses and case studies of rural communities.
Assessing the Current Curriculum of the Nursing and Midwifery Informatics Course at All Nursing and Midwifery Institutions in Ghana
Authors: Achampong Emmanuel Kusi
Published: May 2017

The use of computers in the delivery of health care has significantly improved the way health service is delivered to clients and patients in the world. Despite the importance of computing to the delivery of health service, developing countries have not greatly benefited from it. Nursing informatics has been in existence and part of academic curriculum for the past 2 decades in some advanced countries. The Ghana Nursing and Midwifery Council introduced the nursing and midwifery informatics course during the 2015/2016 academic year. This seeks to train student nurses on the relevance of computers to health care. Two separate workshops were organised to ascertain the preparedness of tutors (teachers at the nursing and midwifery training institutions) for teaching the new nursing and midwifery informatics course as well as to compare the curriculum with other international recommendations. The nursing and midwifery informatics course is taught at the first year where students have not been introduced to the nursing processes for them to appreciate the use of nursing informatics skills. It would be better if the nursing and midwifery informatics course is rather introduced during the second year second semester when students are about going for the hands-on training at the various health care institutions. Examining the course content reveals that the practical aspect within the course is very small. It is expected that more practical contents will be introduced. Tutors are not adequately prepared to teach this new course. More training is therefore needed to make tutors fully prepared to teach both the theory and practical aspects of the nursing and midwifery informatics course. It is expected that the nursing and midwifery informatics course would prepare student nurses on all nursing informatics competencies. It is essential that nurse educators incorporate the entire concept of informatics into the education of nurses.
Up-regulated expression of substance P in CD8+ T cells and NK1R on monocytes of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Zhang Zenan , Zheng Wenjiao , Xie Hua , Chai Ruonan , Wang Junling , Zhang Huiyun , He Shaoheng
Published: May 2017

Background

Large numbers of CD8+T cells were observed in atopic dermatitis (AD) skin, and monocytes from AD patients showed increased prostaglandin E2 production. However, little is known about the expression of substance P (SP) and its receptor NK1R in blood leukocytes of patients with AD.

Objective

To explore the expression of SP and NK1R in leukocytes of AD and the influence of allergens on SP and NK1R expression.

Methods

The expression levels of SP and NK1R in patients with AD were examined by flow cytometry, ELISA and a mouse AD model.

Results

The plasma SP level was 4.9-fold higher in patients with AD than in HC subjects. Both the percentage of SP expression in the population and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of SP expression were elevated in CD8+T cells in the blood of AD patients. However, both the CD14+NK1R+population and MFI of NK1R expression on CD14+cells were enhanced in the blood of AD patients. Allergens ASWE, HDME and PPE failed to up-regulate SP expression in CD8+T cells. However, allergens ASWE and HDME both enhanced NK1R expression on CD14+blood leukocytes regardless of AD or HC subjects. OVA-sensitized AD mice showed an elevated proportion and MFI of SP-expressing CD8+T cells in the blood, which agrees with the SP expression situation in human AD blood. Injection of SP into mouse skin did not up-regulate NK1R expression on monocytes.

Conclusions

An elevated plasma SP level, up-regulated expression of SP and NK1R indicate that the SP/NK1R complex is important in the development of AD. Therefore, SP and NK1R antagonist or blocker agents may help to treat patients with AD.

Trial registrationRegistration number: ChiCTR-BOC-16010279; Registration date: Dec., 28, 2016; retrospectively registered
Non-Ergodic Site Response in Seismic Hazard Analysis
Authors: Stewart Jonathan P. , Afshari Kioumars , Goulet Christine A.
Published: May 2017

Probabilistic seismic hazard analyses are usually performed with semi-empirical ground motion models (GMMs) following the ergodic assumption whereby average source, path, and site effects from global databases apply for a specific site of interest. Site-specific site response is likely to differ from the global average conditional on site parameters used in GMMs (typically V S30 and basin depth). Non-ergodic site response can be evaluated using on-site ground motion recordings and/or one-dimensional wave propagation analyses, and allows site-to-site variability to be removed from the within-event standard deviation. Relative to ergodic, non-ergodic hazard analyses often reduce ground motions at long return periods. We describe procedures for replacing the site term in GMMs with a non-ergodic nonlinear mean over its appropriate range of periods (returning to the ergodic mean outside that range). We also present procedures for computing non-ergodic standard deviation by removing site-to-site variability while considering effects of soil nonlinearity. We illustrate application of these procedures, and their effect on hazard curves and uniform hazard spectra, as implemented in OpenSHA.
American Society of Clinical Oncology Strategic Plan for Increasing Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the Oncology Workforce
Authors: Winkfield Karen M. , Flowers Christopher R. , Patel Jyoti D. , Rodriguez Gladys , Robinson Patricia , Agarwal Amit , Pierce Lori , Brawley Otis W. , Mitchell Edith P. , Head-Smith Kimberly T. , Wollins Dana S. , Hayes Daniel F.
Published: May 2017

In December 2016, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Board of Directors approved the ASCO Strategic Plan to Increase Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the Oncology Workforce. Developed through a multistakeholder effort led by the ASCO Health Disparities Committee, the purpose of the plan is to guide the formal efforts of ASCO in this area over the next three years (2017 to 2020). There are three primary goals: (1) to establish a longitudinal pathway for increasing workforce diversity, (2) to enhance ASCO leadership diversity, and (3) to integrate a focus on diversity across ASCO programs and policies. Improving quality cancer care in the United States requires the recruitment of oncology professionals from diverse backgrounds. The ASCO Strategic Plan to Increase Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the Oncology Workforce is designed to enhance existing programs and create new opportunities that will move us closer to the vision of achieving an oncology workforce that reflects the demographics of the US population it serves.
Old Spelling and the Forging of Spenser’s Readers
Authors: Nicholson Catherine
Published: May 2017

Unlike the works of contemporaries like William Shakespeare and John Donne, Edmund Spenser’s Faerie Queene (1590 and 1596) is almost invariably reproduced by modern editors with its peculiar sixteenth-century spellings intact, on the grounds that orthographic modernization would violate the poem’s deliberately archaic style and obscure its densely encoded verbal wit. Drawing on the resources of traditional bibliography, intellectual history, and digital database analysis, this essay proposes that the “old spelling” Faerie Queene is as much an artifact of the mid-eighteenth century as it is of the late sixteenth—and that its relation to Spenser’s intentions is less clear than the role it has played in securing norms of scholarly rigor, historical accuracy, and textual precision. Despite what most modern editions imply, attending to “Spenser’s spelling” tells us less about the poet and his poem than it does about the history of our own disciplinary formation.
War and the Domestic Interior: Pater, Curtius, and Praz in the House of Life
Authors: Siegel Jonah
Published: May 2017

This essay is a study of two interrelated phenomena, the influence of Walter Pater on two notable postwar European critics, Ernst Robert Curtius and Mario Praz, and the place of war on the imagination of cultural continuity and rupture in the work of the later authors. The surprising presence of Pater in texts shaped by brutal military conflict not only demonstrates the power of models of cultural transmission he developed at a point when his reputation was at a far lower ebb in the English-speaking world than it was on a war-ravaged continent, but also opens up the possibility of recognizing elements that are still galvanizing and disturbing in his work.
Modernizing Peasants and “Master Farmers”
Authors: Siegel Benjamin
Published: May 2017

In the years following independence, looking toward agricultural self-sufficiency, India's national leadership sought to identify cultivators endowed with the daring, grit, and experimental character needed to actualize the promise of plenty. Drawing on Western modernization theory and the idioms of colonial and nationalist economics, India's bureaucrats and politicians contrasted the nation's “progressive farmers” with the passivity and superstition alleged to be characteristic of the majority of peasants, establishing crop competitions and the title of Krishi Pandit—“master farmer”—to reward and trumpet these qualities. Yet the progressive farmers winning these titles were not the agrarian poor, but rather an ascendant, self-cultivating peasantry armed with the capital and connections needed to raise their yields. In a subsequent era of egalitarian reform, exemplified in the Community Development Program, these same progressive farmers continued to bag awards but bucked planners' expectations that they would serve as natural leaders in villages. As these producers mobilized politically, and India's bureaucrats and politicians moved toward the Green Revolution consensus that agricultural productivity would require an inequitable concentration of inputs, progressive farmers emerged as “bullock capitalists,” a demand group that would transform national politics but do little for the aims of equity and rural development.
Middle East Politics in US Academia
Authors: Deeb Lara , Winegar Jessica
Published: May 2017

In their recent book, Anthropology's Politics: Disciplining the Middle East (Stanford University Press, 2016), Lara Deeb and Jessica Winegar provide the first academic study of how political and economic pressures shape the way scholars based in the United States research and teach about the Middle East. Lila Abu-Lughod, a member of the journal's editorial board, recently talked with the authors about the dynamics of the field. The book's final chapter examines the movement among anthropologists in support of a boycott of Israeli academic institutions. Just after the book's publication, the issue came to a vote at the American Anthropological Association. Abu-Lughod asks the authors whether their research enables us to understand the outcome of the vote.
Humanities After Apartheid
Authors: Diouf Mamadou
Published: May 2017

Since independence, African scholars from different traditions (African, Islamic and Western), intellectuals, and politicians have been actively engaging with humanities and social sciences originating from the West and received through the conduit of colonial rule and imperial domination. Both the filiation and the packaging of the knowledge made it suspect and irrelevant to postcolonial societies. But until today the two axiomatic assumptions of knowledge production, policy-oriented/problem-solving research and/or academic research (reduced mainly to humanities), are being resolved at the expense of the latter, circumscribing the territory in which the debate is conducted. It focuses on the possibility (or not) of producing a vernacular conceptual framework, radically detached from the Western colonial social sciences and humanities and its revision by the inclusion of location, race, culture, identities, and alterity. South Africa, which has been inflicted by a vicious racial discrimination and economic exploitation, is leading the discussion, picking up the flag of the decolonization of knowledge.
microRNA172 plays a critical role in wheat spike morphology and grain threshability
Authors: Debernardi Juan Manuel , Lin Huiqiong , Faris Justin D. , Dubcovsky Jorge
Published: April 2017

Wheat domestication from wild species involved mutations in the Q gene. The q allele (wild wheats) is associated with elongated spikes and hulled grains, whereas the mutant Q allele (domesticated wheats) confers subcompact spikes and free-threshing grains. Previous studies showed that Q encodes an AP2-like transcription factor, but the causal polymorphism of the domestication traits remained unclear. Here we show that the interaction between microRNA172 (miR172) and the Q allele is reduced by an SNP in the miRNA binding site. The inhibition of miR172 activity by a miRNA target mimic resulted in compact spikes and transition from glumes to florets in distal spikelets. By contrast, overexpression of miR172 was sufficient to induce elongated spikes and non-free-threshing grains, similar to those observed in three Q loss-of-function mutations. These lines showed transitions from florets to glumes in the basal spikelets. These localized homeotic changes were associated with opposing miR172/ Q gradients along the spike. We propose that the selection of a nucleotide change at the miR172 binding site contributed to subcompact spikes and free-threshing grains during wheat domestication.
New alleles of the wheat domestication geneQreveal multiple roles in growth and reproductive development
Authors: Greenwood Julian R. , Finnegan E. Jean , Watanabe Nobuyoshi , Trevaskis Ben , Swain Steve M.
Published: April 2017

The advantages of free threshing in wheat led to the selection of the domesticated Q allele which is now present in almost all modern wheat varieties. Q and the pre-domestication allele, q, encode an AP2 transcription factor with the domesticated allele conferring a free threshing character and a subcompact (i.e. partially compact) inflorescence (spike). We demonstrate that mutations in the miR172-binding site of the Q gene are sufficient to increase transcript levels via a reduction in miRNA dependent degradation, consistent with the conclusion that a SNP in the miRNA-binding site of Q relative to q was essential in defining the modern Q allele. We also describe novel gain- and loss-of-function alleles of Q and use these to define new roles for this gene in spike development. Q is required for the suppression of ‘sham ramification’ and increased Q expression can lead to the formation of ectopic florets and spikelets (specialized inflorescence branches that bear florets and grains) resulting in a deviation from the canonical spike and spikelet structures of domesticated wheat.
Avian thermoregulation in the heat: evaporative cooling in five Australian passerines reveals within-order biogeographic variation in heat tolerance
Authors: McKechnie Andrew E. , Gerson Alexander R. , McWhorter Todd J. , Smith Eric Krabbe , Talbot William A. , Wolf Blair O.
Published: April 2017

Evaporative heat loss pathways vary among avian orders, but the extent to which evaporative cooling capacity and heat tolerance varies within orders remains unclear. We quantified the upper limits to thermoregulation under extremely hot conditions in five Australian passerines: yellow-plumed honeyeater (Lichenostomus ornatus; ∼17 g), spiny-cheeked honeyeater (Acanthagenys rufogularis; ∼42 g), chestnut-crowned babbler (Pomatostomus ruficeps; ∼52 g), grey butcherbird (Cracticus torquatus; ∼86 g) and apostlebird (Struthidea cinerea; ∼118 g). At air temperatures (Ta) exceeding body temperature (Tb), all five species showed increases in Tb to maximum values around 44 – 45 °C, accompanied by rapid increases in resting metabolic rate above clearly defined upper critical limits of thermoneutrality and increases in evaporative water loss (EWL) to levels equivalent to 670 – 860 % of baseline rates at thermoneutral Ta. Maximum cooling capacity, quantified as the fraction of metabolic heat production dissipated evaporatively, ranged from 1.20 to 2.17, consistent with the known range for passerines, and well below the corresponding ranges for columbids and caprimulgids. Heat tolerance limits (HTL, the maximum Ta tolerated) scaled positively with body mass, varying from 48 °C in yellow-plumed honeyeaters to 52 °C in apostlebirds, but were lower than those of three southern African ploceid passerines investigated previously. We argue this difference is functionally linked to a smaller scope for increases in EWL above baseline levels. Our data reiterate the reliance of passerines in general on respiratory evaporative heat loss via panting, but also reveal substantial within-order variation in heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity.
Letter to Editor. In search of definition of the term “psychotic process” – thoughts and doubts
Authors: Kowalski Joachim , Szaulińska Katarzyna , Jarema Marek
Published: May 2017

brak streszczenia
Morfometria geométrica alar como ferramenta para a identificação de três espécies de califorídeos (Diptera: Calliphoridae) no Distrito Federal.
Authors: Macedo Marcos Patrício
Published: April 2017

Resumo.Chrysomya albiceps (Weidemann), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) e Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius)(Diptera, Calliphoridae) estão entre as espécies de dípteros necrófagos mais encontrados em locais de crime no Brasil. A correta identificação do espécime, ou fragmento deste, coletado em um local de crime é etapa fundamental para o emprego da entomologia forense em investigações criminais. Nesse estudo, avaliamos a possibilidade de identificação dessas três espécies de califorídeos pela morfologia alar, por meio de análises de morfometria geométrica. Foram analisadas as asas direitas de 139 espécimes, 55 C. albiceps, 42 C. megacephala e 42 H. segmentaria, por meio de análises de variáveis canônicas e análises discriminantes. Das 278 comparações par a par, apenas 6 seis erros de identificação foram registrados (2,1%), enquanto 22 (7,9%) erros de classificação para o teste de validação cruzada, o que aponta para um alto índice de confiabilidade da técnica. Mais estudos são necessários para a validação dessa técnica para seu uso na prática forense..Wing geometric morphometry as a tool for the identification of three calliphorid (Diptera: Calliphoridae) species at the Brazilian CerradoAbstract. Chrysomya albiceps (Weidemann), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) and Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are among the fly species of forensic interest commonly found in Brazil. The correct identification of the specimen, or fragment of a specimen, collected at a crime scene is a crucial step for the use of forensic entomology as a tool in criminal investigations. In this study, the discrimination of these three species of Calliphoridae based on wing morphology, by means of geometric morphometric analysis was investigated. Right wings of 139 specimens were analyzed, 55 C. albiceps, 42 C. megacephala e 42 H. segmentaria, through Canonical Variate Analysis, Discriminant Analysis and Cross Validation tests. Of the 278 pairwise comparison, six misidentifications were recorded for discriminant analysis (2.1%), while 22 (7.9 %) misclassification for cross-validation tests, which points to a high technical reliability index. More studies are needed to validate this technique for use in forensic practice.
Ocorrência de Acrocinus longimanus (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) em área urbana, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Santos Wellington Emanuel dos , Pereira-Colavite Alessandre
Published: April 2017

Resumo. Uma fêmea de Acrocinus longimanus (Linnaeus) foi coletada em perímetro urbano em Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brasil, sendo o primeiro registro da espécie em área verde urbana. Discussões sobre esse tipo de refúgio para a espécie também são apresentadas.Occurrence of Acrocinus longimanus (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in urban area, Northeastern BrazilAbstract. A single female of Acrocinus longimanus (Linnaeus) was collected in urban area in Caruaru, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, being the first record of the species in a novel ecosystem. Considerations about this kind of refuge for the species are also presented.
What are the key factors to be considered when recruiting staff for your clinic?
Authors: Elbourn Amanda , Schulz Marcelle , Ashton Rebecca , Foxcroft Daniel
Published: April 2017

Every sector caters to people with different needs, requiring business owners to know as much as possible about their target audience, and make a concerted effort to not only meet, but also exceed their expectations. In this month's feature, four experienced clinic managers share the main things that they are looking for when hiring personnel for their business
GCSE grade confusion remains
Authors: Toone Ian
Published: April 2017

As we prepare for the first numerical GCSE grades, Ian Toone is concerned that there is still too much confusion over the new system
General solution of Bernoulli and Riccati fractional differential equations based on conformable fractional derivative
Authors: Ilie Mousa , Biazar Jafar , Ayati Zainab
Published: April 2017

This paper aimed to develop two well-known nonlinear ordinary different equations, Bernoulli and Riccati equations to fractional form. General solution to fractional differential equations are detected, based on conformable fractional derivative. For each equation, numerical examples are presented to illustrate the proposed approach.
The Invisible Hand of the Lyric: Emily Dickinson’s Hypermediated Manuscripts and the Debate over Genre
Authors: Zino Dominique
Published: May 2017

The guiding force at work is no longer that of the intentional patriarchic editor behind the scenes that Howe condemned three decades ago. Rather, in a moment in which print and electronic versions coexist, an "invisible hand" guiding Dickinson textual scholarship is that of the enduring influence of the lyric genre itself. As the next generation of readers encounter Dickinson primarily in virtual environments, viewing scanned typed texts from various editions alongside manuscript versions­, efforts to read Dickinson in traditional generic terms will be unsettled. Thirty years after Howe's important intervention, this essay describes how critics have come to consider media environments as a constitutive element of genre-making rather than an afterthought.  After recounting a recent debate over the relationship between genre and medium among Dickinson scholars, I revisit Thomas Wentworth Higginson's preface to the first edition of Dickinson's Poems (1890) to demonstrate that knowledge structures in a digital age—what new media scholars call "folksonomies"—require us to conceptualize media and genre side by side. As readers encounter Dickinson's work exposed, transcribed, and described down to the smallest material detail in electronic environments, a next generation of Dickinson textual scholars will need to keep one eye on contextualizing and historicizing Dickinson's materials and another on understanding how generic classifications are established and how they endure.
10.1 Front matter
Authors: O'Sullivan Daniel
Published: May 2017

10.1 Front matter
The Composition of 'The Depressed Person'
Authors: Morsia Elliott
Published: May 2017

Despite moving away from a predominant focus upon his most renowned novel Infinite Jest (1996) in recent years, David Foster Wallace studies has yet to broach more far-reaching questions regarding the textual status of Wallace’s work. This essay introduces the methodology of genetic criticism to Wallace studies, studying the composition of the short story ‘The Depressed Person’ in order to provide a template for much further genetic enquiry into Wallace’s canon. Genetic criticism involves the study of manuscripts and rough drafts with the aim of describing a process of writing. By treating text as process rather than as product, genetic criticism critiques the traditional notion of “the text itself.” Wallace’s writing shares a resistance to “finished products,” particularly after the publication of Infinite Jest, beginning with the volume of short stories Brief Interviews With Hideous Men (1999), in which the ‘The Depressed Person’ is collected; this is most emphatically the case for Wallace’s “unfinished” and posthumously published final novel The Pale King (2011), “the text” of which exists only in draft form. While reflecting on the relationship between the eponymous depressed person’s predicament and the story’s mode of composition, this essay moves on to consider the context for Wallace’s writing process in relation to influential modes of revision in modernism.
Eclecticism and its Discontents
Authors: Farrell Thomas J.
Published: May 2017

The widely-praised “open” eclecticism of George Kane’s editions of Piers Plowman has simultaneously elicited discontent for its inattention to textual history, its susceptibility to misuse, and its conflicting conceptions of poetry. These evolving attitudes reveal how the impressive methodological rigor that gives Kane’s system strength problematically clashes with the subjective editorial judgment it proclaims as essential. Eclectic editors’s insistence that a textually straightforward Chaucerian line — Canterbury Tales III 838 — be emended either conjecturally or from a late and isolated textual tradition highlights that problem; the accuracy with which several indisputably brilliant Chaucerian lines are preserved in the witnesseswarns us to be wary of eclectic overreach.
Review of Spanish Female Writers and the Freethinking Press, 1879-1926
Authors: Pagone Novia
Published: May 2017

Book review.
9.2 Front matter
Authors: O'Sullivan Daniel
Published: May 2017

9.2 Front matter
An Eco-Revolutionary Tipping Point?: Global Warming, the Two Climate Denials, and the Environmental Proletariat
Authors: Burkett Paul
Published: May 2017

To solve the climate crisis, we need a system in which working people and their communities collectively and democratically regulate production and other interactions with their material and social environment. To deny that this crisis is hardwired into capitalism, and that we need a new system to deal with it, is just as misleading and dangerous as to deny the existence of human-induced global warming.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Trump's America: Rethinking 1984 and Brave New World
Authors: Giroux Henry A.
Published: May 2017

With the rise of Donald Trump, U.S. politics has descended, like never before, into a theater of the absurd. Unbridled anti-intellectualism, deception, and "vindictive chaos" recall a morally reprehensible past in the guise of "making America great again." But despite his populist posturing, Trump's contempt for democratic processes is matched by his commitment to economic policies that favor the financial elite.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Nature, Labor, and the Rise of Capitalism
Authors: Empson Martin
Published: May 2017

Capitalism was a radical break with the past: for the first time, production of basic goods was driven by the accumulation of wealth for its own sake, and not primarily to satisfy human needs. Likewise, we are alienated from the natural world, as the products of our own labor are no longer under our control. Our very perception of nature is shaped by an economic system that treats "the environment" as a collection of commodities to be exploited.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
A Radical Invitation for Latin America: The Legacy of Andre Gunder Frank's 'Development of Underdevelopment'
Authors: De Oliveira Felipe Antunes
Published: May 2017

Admired, followed, criticized, denounced, and rediscovered, "The Development of Underdevelopment" deserves a place among the key documents of postwar radical political economy. More than fifty years on, its ideas still illuminate aspects of recent struggles and shortcomings among left-of-center governments in Latin America. Most importantly, Frank's work poses a bold postcolonial challenge that has yet to be fully met by Latin American scholars and social movements.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Handsight: Hand-Mounted Device untuk Membantu Tunanetra Berbasis Ultrasonic dan Arduino
Authors: Purnomo Eko Setyo , Rochim Adian Fatchur , Widianto Eko Didik
Published: April 2017

Generally, blind people use a cane to know the distance around them. A cane was normally use when they walk outdoors, but if the cane used in indoors; it is not used because of fear of damaging the goods-glassware. Another disadvantage of the stick was usually used just to feel the objects / obstacles below the blinds, and other obstacles such as cars or trucks, which often not detected by the cane. Blind people also have constraints to determine the distance of nearby objects, such as people to talk to, etc. The main component of the system is sensor HC-SR04 used to scan the surrounding area by emitting ultrasonic waves. Echoes from objects were use as an input to microcontroller, and then it used to determine the direction and the distance of objects around the blinds using the servo arm movement and buzzer sound. The design of the device utilizes the theory of sound waves velocity in the air, and it was carried out in several steps. The first step is making the hardware device, which uses sensor HC-SR04, micro servo Tower Pro, and power supply of nine Volt battery. The test result shows that the system is able to detect objects with a range of 60 degrees. The design of the device was valuable because it is wearable which can be attached to the back of the hands. Conceptually, the device has met the basic criteria that detect objects and give feedback to the user. Some things that can be improved are power supply and increasing device responsibility so it is able to read distance and give feedback more accurately and more quickly.
An optional C-terminal domain is ancestral in α-amylases of bilaterian animals
Authors: Da Lage Jean-Luc
Published: April 2017

The modular structure and organization of most proteins is a fascinating aspect of their origin and evolution. α-Amylases are known to be formed of at least three domains. In a number of bacterial α-amylases, one or several additional domains may exist, which are carbohydrate binding modules, interacting with raw substrates. In animal α-amylases, however, no additional domain has been described. Here we report the presence of a C-terminal domain, previously described only in the bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis. This domain is widely distributed in invertebrate α-amylases and must be ancestral, although it has been lost in important phyla or groups, such as vertebrates and insects. Its function is still unknown. In a single genome, enzymes with and without the terminal domain may coexist. In a few instances, this domain has been recruited by other proteins in both bacteria and animals through domain shuffling.
Rhadinoviral interferon regulatory factor homologues
Authors: Koch Sandra , Schulz Thomas F.
Published: April 2017

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is a gammaherpesvirus and the etiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease. The KSHV genome contains genes for a unique group of proteins with homology to cellular interferon regulatory factors, termed viral interferon regulatory factors (vIRFs). This review will give an overview over the oncogenic, antiapoptotic and immunomodulatory characteristics of KSHV and related vIRFs.
An overview of computational methods for chemical equilibrium and kinetic calculations for geochemical and reactive transport modeling
Authors: Leal Allan M. M. , Kulik Dmitrii A. , Smith William R. , Saar Martin O.
Published: April 2017

We present an overview of novel numerical methods for chemical equilibrium and kinetic calculations for complex non-ideal multiphase systems. The methods we present for equilibrium calculations are based either on Gibbs energy minimization (GEM) calculations or on solving the system of extended law of mass-action (xLMA) equations. In both methods, no a posteriori phase stability tests, and thus no tentative addition or removal of phases during or at the end of the calculations, are necessary. All potentially stable phases are considered from the beginning of the calculation, and stability indices are immediately available at the end of the computation to determine which phases are actually stable at equilibrium. Both GEM and xLMA equilibrium methods are tailored for computationally demanding applications that require many rapid local equilibrium calculations, such as reactive transport modeling. The numerical method for chemical kinetic calculations we present supports both closed and open systems, and it considers a partial equilibrium simplification for fast reactions. The method employs an implicit integration scheme that improves stability and speed when solving the often stiff differential equations in kinetic calculations. As such, it requires compositional derivatives of the reaction rates to assemble the Jacobian matrix of the resultant implicit algebraic equations that are solved at every time step. We present a detailed procedure to calculate these derivatives, and we show how the partial equilibrium assumption affects their computation. These numerical methods have been implemented in Reaktoro (reaktoro.org), an open-source software for modeling chemically reactive systems. We finish with a discussion on the comparison of these methods with others in the literature.
“The Third Wall of Fire”
Authors: Urban Hugh B.
Published: May 2017

This article examines the role of secrecy in the Church of Scientology, focusing on one of the most confidential and least studied aspects of the Church’s advanced auditing levels—Operating Thetan VIII. I use this example as a way of highlighting the complex ethical and epistemological problems in the study of secrecy in new religions. Here, I suggest an alternative approach to the study of secrecy by shifting our gaze away from the attempt to uncover the content of the secret and instead focusing on the more visible forms and strategies through which secrets are maintained, transmitted, revealed and concealed. I trace the “history of a secret” by examining five periods and five key strategies in the Operating Thetan materials from the late 1960s to the present: the advertisement of the secret; secrecy as an adorning possession; the litigation of the secret; the liability of the secret; and the irrelevance of the secret. Finally, I conclude with reflections on the comparative implications of this example for the study of new religions more broadly.
Staying after Class
Authors: Goodwin Megan
Published: May 2017

In March 1997, Marshall Herff Applewhite (Do) and thirty-eight of his students made headlines when they exited their human bodies in a home in Rancho Santa Fe in San Diego County, California. While the class (as they called their group) is gone, the legacy of Heaven’s Gate remains on the Heaven’s Gate website preserved by Mark and Sarah King. These two former members shared their experiences in the class at the New Religious Movements Group Methods Meeting on 21 November 2014 in San Diego at the American Academy of Religion’s annual meeting. Their presentation and participation in a question-and-answer session provided insight into the complex, ambiguous legacy of Heaven’s Gate: a group that strove for existence beyond the materiality of human bodies now survives on Earth in material form, disseminated by human persons dedicated to preserving the teachings of Do, and his mentor Ti (Bonnie Lu Nettles) in a dynamic, ephemeral space—the internet.
¿Qué busca el Estado con una política pública? Dinámica de las políticas públicas y los valores entre las instituciones estatales
Authors: Molina Peláez Sandra
Published: May 2017

En Colombia las leyes son la herramienta más conocida para definir los límites a
las diversas temáticas que se desarrollan en la actualidad política colombiana. En
los últimos años, los documentos de política pública están permeando las instituciones
públicas, no sólo son utilizadas por el gobierno en su toma de decisiones
ejecutivas, sino que las autoridades públicas de todo nivel y temática la utilizan
como una herramienta que permite recoger presupuesto, tener aval político y marco
normativo para ejecutar decisiones. Por esto es interesante conocer que es lo que
busca un Estado con una política pública.
¿Resulta procedente una propuesta de armonización legislativa en el marco de la CAN, por el derecho a la pensión?*
Authors: Ferreira Amaya Melisa , Londoño Ospina Diana
Published: May 2017

El presente artículo pretende estudiar la viabilidad de una propuesta de armonización
legislativa en materia pensional en el marco de la CAN con base en el principio
integrador, rector de los países que conforman la unidad y por medio del cual se
pretende fomentar el desarrollo equilibrado de los países miembros en condición
de equidad, reflejada en la distribución equitativa, que permitirá trascender a una
alianza que vaya más allá de lo económico y de esta manera permitir a los Estados
miembros enfrentarse a los nuevos desafíos de la realidad mundial.
En ese sentido, en las presentes páginas se pudo determinar la importancia de la
armonización legislativa en materia pensional en el marco de la CAN, estableciendo
la naturaleza jurídica de dicha armonización legislativa, determinando su importancia
en materia pensional y, finalmente, puntualizando los temas que podrán ser
objeto de armonización legislativa frente al derecho a la pensión. 

El anterior ejercicio académico permitió adelantar una investigación con enfoque
cualitativo mediante el método comparativo, por medio de la cual se pretendió captar
la realidad jurídica que en materia pensional ocurre en los países que conforman
la Comunidad Andina de Naciones.
Predictive Genomic Analyses Inform the Basis for Vitamin Metabolism and Provisioning in Bacteria-Arthropod Endosymbioses
Authors: Serbus Laura R , Rodriguez Brian Garcia , Sharmin Zinat , Momtaz A J M Zehadee , Christensen Steen
Published: April 2017

The requirement of vitamins for core metabolic processes creates a unique set of pressures for arthropods subsisting on nutrient-limited diets. While endosymbiotic bacteria carried by arthropods have been widely implicated in vitamin provisioning, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. To address this issue, standardized predictive assessment of vitamin metabolism was performed in 50 endosymbionts of insects and arachnids. The results predicted that arthropod endosymbionts overall have little capacity for complete de novo biosynthesis of conventional or active vitamin forms. Partial biosynthesis pathways were commonly predicted, suggesting a substantial role in vitamin provisioning. Neither taxonomic relationships between host and symbiont, nor the mode of host-symbiont interaction were clear predictors of endosymbiont vitamin pathway capacity. Endosymbiont genome size and the synthetic capacity of nonsymbiont taxonomic relatives were more reliable predictors. We developed a new software application that also predicted that last-step conversion of intermediates into active vitamin forms may contribute further to vitamin biosynthesis by endosymbionts. Most instances of predicted vitamin conversion were paralleled by predictions of vitamin use. This is consistent with achievement of provisioning in some cases through upregulation of pathways that were retained for endosymbiont benefit. The predicted absence of other enzyme classes further suggests a baseline of vitamin requirement by the majority of endosymbionts, as well as some instances of putative mutualism. Adaptation of this workflow to analysis of other organisms and metabolic pathways will provide new routes for considering the molecular basis for symbiosis on a comprehensive scale.
RSV Hospitalizations in Comparison With Regional RSV Activity and Inpatient Palivizumab Administration, 2010–2013
Authors: Glick Alexander F. , Kjelleren Stephanie , Hofstetter Annika M. , Subramony Anupama
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVES:

To compare pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations in the United States to regional RSV activity and inpatient palivizumab administration.

METHODS:

We characterized inpatients, excluding newborns, with RSV from the Pediatric Health Information System (July 2010–June 2013). RSV regional activity timing was defined by the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System. RSV hospitalization season (defined by at least 3 SDs more than the mean regional baseline number of RSV hospitalizations for 3 consecutive weeks) was compared with RSV regional activity season (2 consecutive weeks with ≥10% RSV-positive testing). Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of hospitalization timing (ie, during or outside of regional activity season). We also assessed the timing of inpatient palivizumab administration.

RESULTS:

There were 50 157 RSV hospitalizations. Mean RSV hospitalization season onset (early November) was 3.3 (SD 2.1) weeks before regional activity season onset (early December). Hospitalization season offset (early May) was 4.4 (SD 2.4) weeks after activity season offset (mid-April). RSV hospitalization and activity seasons lasted 18 to 32 and 13 to 23 weeks, respectively. Nearly 10% of hospitalizations occurred outside of regional activity season (regional ranges: 5.6%–22.4%). Children with chronic conditions were more likely to be hospitalized after regional activity season, whereas African American children were more likely to be hospitalized before. Inpatient palivizumab dosing was typically initiated before the start of RSV hospitalizations.

CONCLUSIONS:

There is regional variation in RSV hospitalization and activity patterns. Many RSV hospitalizations occur before regional activity season; high-risk infants may require RSV immunoprophylaxis sooner.