bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Documentation of gill net operation and major fish landings at Andaman Islands, India, during 2014 - 2018
Authors: Kaliyamoorthy M. , Roy S. Dam Roy , Sahu V. K.
Published: June 2022

Three decades before, the gillnet was the major gear in Andaman and Nicobar Islands(ANI), India, because of the less expensive and simple method of operation with non-motorised small dinghies or without craft. Earlier, the gillnet landing was 39% of the total landings and a further report said 27%, which indicated the decrease in gillnet landings. The present study was carried out from 2014 to 2018 at four main fish landing centers (FLCs) Junglighat, Dignabad, Guptapara and Wandoor of ANI to investigate the present status of major gillnet landings. Altogether 1097 visits were carried out at all FLCs and 63.1% of visits occurred at Junglighat. The total landings of all FLCs were 3880.6 tons, of which 98.6% were recorded at Junglighat. The total gillnet landings were 330.4tons, of which Driftnet covered 82.1%, followed by bottom plastic(9.8%) and bottom nylon(8%) gillnets.  Significant landings (P<0.0001) of Scombridae family were recorded through Drift gillnet (182.47tons) compared to other families. The family of Carangidae(7.71tons) and Clupeidae(16.54tons) were recorded dominantly through bottom plastic and bottom nylon gillnets, respectively. The gillnetters explored 31 fishing grounds in the South, Middle, North and Little Andamans sectors. The significant (P<0.0001) fish catch was recorded from the South Andaman sector. A total of 17 validation experiments carried out in each Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ) and Non-PFZ by using PFZ advisories indicated a significant(P<0.0001) catch from PFZ(3.5:1). There was a decline of 18.5% in the landings of gillnet than earlier studies. It is suggested that the fishermen may follow the PFZ forecast for a better catch. The gillnet fishing to be promoted to under-exploited pelagic fishes of these islands will benefit the gillnetters.
Approaches of material selection, alignment and methods of fabrication for natural fiber polymer composites: A review
Authors: Ramu S. , Senthilkumar N.
Published: June 2022

The recent superiority of the composite materials is cautiously focusing on environmental adoption of natural fiber composites. The major source of the natural fiber materials covered in the globe, especially natural fibers, is plant-based, animal-based and mineral-based. Eco friendly based material can save the environment and recycling of the material is possible, as well as important criteria. Hence engineers ultimately focused on natural fiber polymer matrix materials to save the environment, pollution control, plastic manipulation, etc. The literature work was studied to identify natural fiber material possession. The major goal of the present review was to identify material characterization and appropriate application, mainly offering to enhance mechanical properties, flexural strength, electrical properties, thermal properties etc. The major consequence of the natural fiber is hydrophilic treatment. There is poor interfacial adhesion between the addition/filling substances and poor mechanical characteristics. All of these shortcomings constitute a critical issue. This review presents numerous sorts of  natural and synthetic polymers, natural fibres such as jute, ramie, banana, pineapple leaf fibre, and kenaf, etc.; short and long fibre loading methods, fibre fillers in micro and nanoparticle, American society of testing and materials (ASTM) standard plate dimensions, fabrication methods such as hand lay-up process, spray lay-up process, vacuumed-bag, continuous pultrusion, and pulforming process, etc.; industries and home appliances such as automotive parts, building construction, sports kits, domestic goods, and electronic devices. The review lists various material combinations, fibre loading, fillers, and matrix that can aid in the improvement of material properties and the reduction of failures during mechanical testing of composites.
Synthesis, formulation, evaluation of insecticidal activity of chromen derivatives against cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their mode of action under laboratory conditions
Authors: Hamouda Saad E.S. , AbdAllah Amal A. , El-Sharkawy Reda A.
Published: June 2022

The toxicity of benzothiazole derivatives obtained from 2-cyanomethyl benzothiazole against cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis 2nd and 4th instar larvae has been documented. The main objective of this research was to formulate two previously reported chromen derivatives and test their biological activity against cotton leafworm S. littoralis 2nd and 4th instar larvae under laboratory conditions. According to the standard method, two chromen derivatives with two distinct substituents (salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde) were synthesized. Their physical and chemical properties were evaluated, and both were formulated as 10 and 9.5 percent dustable powder formulations. Both formulae were then evaluated in the laboratory on cotton leafworm S. littoralis 2nd and 4th instar larvae for mortality and developmental effect percentage. Formulation (F2) was more efficient than formulation (F3) in both cases and for both stages. Furthermore, when comparing the developmental effects on the 2nd and 4th instar larvae, the 4th instar larvae demonstrated marked tolerance. Both stages were unable to complete their life cycle. Histopathological analysis of samples from the affected stages was performed to assess the mode of action of these formulations on 4th instar larvae at their LC50 values. Experimental data showed that Formulation (F3) resulted in epidermal cells separated from the cuticular layer, necrosis, ruptured columnar cells with pyknotic nuclei, disrupted basement membrane, and weak epicuticle necrosis and separation. In comparison, formulation (F2) revealed a midgut with vacuoles, damaged columnar, muscle cell necrosis, and a ruined peritrophic matrix. Thus, the cotton leafworm S. littoralis could be combated with the newly prepared formulations (F2) and (F3).
Effect of extraction solvents on antioxidant and skin-whitening potentials of defatted Camellia seed cakes
Authors: Kim Jung Hyun , Kim Ji Hye , Kim Min Young
Published: June 2022

Defatted Camellia japonica L. seed cake is an important byproduct during the manufacture of Camellia seed oil. The present study evaluated the influence of two extraction solvents on the total contents of phenol and flavonoid, antioxidant activity and skin-whitening effect capable of inhibiting the biosynthesis of melanin of defatted Camellia seed cakes, a byproduct from Camellia oil production. The antioxidant capacities of 100% methanol and 70% ethanol extracts were analysed using radical scavenging (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, O2-, H2O2 and NO), SOD-like, ferrous ion chelating and reducing power assays. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were further determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Moreover, intracellular antityrosinase activity and melanin contents were evaluated in human malignant melanoma cells (SK mel-100). Ethanol extracts of defatted Camellia seed cake extracts exhibited higher phenolic (4097 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g) and flavonoid (2899 mg rutin equivalents/100 g) contents with higher superoxide (IC50 = 1.9 mg/mL), nitric oxide (IC50 =1.6 mg/mL) radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelating (IC50 = 2.9 mg/mL) and reducing power (IC50 = 1.8 mg/mL) activities than those of methanol. These ethanol extracts also evidenced more effective inhibitory activities of tyrosinase and melanin synthesis than methanol extracts. Therefore, the present results demonstrated that defatted Camellia seed cakes could be a valuable source of antioxidative and whitening ingredients, and ethanol was more efficient in extracting antioxidants and bioactive compounds than methanol.
Influence of blanching and guar gum pretreatments on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of cabinet-dried white bitter gourd Momordica charantia L.
Authors: Vatsyayan Sonali , Raina Ravinder , Kumar Mukesh
Published: June 2022

Currently, the global food industry is experiencing a shift in consumer preference towards natural sources of antioxidants derived from edible fruits and vegetables. In view of this, white skinned bitter gourd with bioactive properties has great potential. Additionally, guar gum has the characteristic ability to form strong hydrogen bonds with water molecules, thereby reducing shrinkage during dehydration. Thus, the present investigation was carried out to study the influence of blanching and guar gum pretreatment on the retention of the total phenolic content (TPC) stability and antioxidant activity (AA) of white Momordica charantia L. when cabinet dried at 60±5 °C. The results are indicative of a significant (P values of < 0.05) impact of using guar gum along with blanching before dehydration of white Momordica charantia. The findings obtained clearly show the positive impact of guar gum on the stability and retention of TPC (Folin Ciocalteau) and AA (percentage of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH scavenging activity) in the dried product in comparison to the untreated control. Water Blanching + 1% Guar gum (T5) and 2%Salt Blanching + 0.2% Potassium meta bisulphite + 1%Sodium carbonate + 1% Guar gum (T16) showed higher AA [20.29% (T5) and 40.13% (T16)] and TPC [30.8 (T5) and 39.5 (T16) GAE per 100 g of dried weight (DW)]. Therefore, the application of guar gum as a pretreatment with blanching turns out to be beneficial for higher retention of TPC and AA, thereby maintaining product quality as a whole.
Genotypic differences in plant growth responses and ion accumulations to salt stress conditions of sweet gourd (Cucurbita moschata)
Authors: Khatoon Rahima , Hossain Md. Mokter , Rahim M.A. , Rahman Md. Habibur , Akter Limu
Published: June 2022

The sweet gourd (Cucurbita moschata Duch ex Poir) is a rich source of vitamins and minerals, especially high carotenoids. Due to climate change and intensive water use, soil salinization is increasing day by day. Salt stress decreases the growth and quality of many crops. Thus, the objective of the present study was to monitor the growth and ion accumulation of fourteen sweet gourd inbred. The study was conducted in 2018 with 14 sweet gourd inbreds (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10, P11, P12, P13 and P14) and to identify superior genotypes. Electrical conductivity (EC) based salt was applied at 4, 8, 12 and 16 dS/m NaCl salinity levels for all inbred. Tap water was used as a control. Treatments were imposed at the four to five-leaf stage. Salt stress resulted in significantly decreased growth and essential ion in sweet gourd inbred. Vine length (P11=164.9 to149.5cm, control to 16 dS/m), the number of leaves (P11=31 to 24.33, control to 16 dS/m), internode length (P12=9.67 to 9.83cm, control to 16 dS/m), stem girth (16.38 to 15.87mm, control to 16 dS/m) and K+ ion accumulations were decreased (P6=2.09 to 1.44, control to 16 dS/m) compared to the control. But Na+ ion was increased (P13=0.17 to 1.25, control to 16 dS/m) in all inbred under salt conditions. Sweet gourd inbred showed wide variation in their response to salt tolerance. However, six sweet gourd inbred (P6, P8, P9, P11, P12 and P14) were found as promising as salt-tolerant in respect of growth and ion accumulation. These selected promising salt-tolerant sweet gourd genotypes will be used for breeding programmes to develop high yielding varieties for better production in the near future in saline areas of Bangladesh.
Farmers' perceptions of climate change and its impact on gum Talha (Acacia seyal var. seyal) production in Bahar Alarab locality, East Darfur State, Sudan
Authors: Younis Ahmed Younis Ibrahim , Bello N. J. , Togun Adeniyi Olumuyiwa , Hamad Gammer-eldien Abdelrhman Ibrahim , Aïssata Samoura Demba , Omer Siraj Osman , Nasrealdin Mustafa Abdalla
Published: June 2022

Acacia seyal var. seyal is an essential source of income to farmers in the Bahar Alarab locality in Sudan. Farmers’ perceptions of current climate conditions and their subsequent repercussions on Gum Talha (Acacia seyal var. seyal) production remains poorly investigated and understood. To fill this gap, a survey was carried out within six villages at Bahar Alarab locality in East Darfur State, Sudan, and a total of 391 randomly selected farmers were included in the study. Moreover, rainfall and temperature data over 30 years (1988 – 2020) were analysed. The results revealed that climate change signs were perceived by farmers based on the size of gum production (27.4%), early falling of leaves (26.1%), decline in production (24.3%), and persistent insect attack (22.3%). Moreover, farmers also reported increases (65%) and decreases (19%) in temperature. In contrast, 46.5% of farmers reported that rainfall deficiency was a decreasing factor of production. Accordingly, 69% of respondents perceived an increase in temperature, whereas 49.4% reported a decrease in rainfall frequency. Additionally, the results showed that there was long-term variability in temperature over the past three decades. The results of multinomial logistic regression highlighted that household size is an important factor contributing to the increasing trend of temperature. In addition, the growth and productivity of acacia trees were found to be determinants of farmers’ perception of temperature and precipitation change over the past 30 years. The study suggests a tailored policy that could reduce climate-induced impacts on gum Talha productivity and increase farmers’ gain to avoid poverty in this locality.
Mathematical modeling on the transmission of COVID-19 and its reproduction numbers in SAARC countries
Authors: Uddin Mohammed Nizam , Parvez Sofi Mahmud , Ali H. M. Shahadat , Samsuddin Muhammad , Karim A.N.M. Rezaul
Published: June 2022

In the middle of December 2019, a virus known as coronavirus (COVID-19) generated by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARC-CoV-2) was first detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. As of the 9th of March, 2022, spread to over 212 countries, causing 429 million confirmed cases and 6 million people to lose their lives worldwide. In developing countries like the South Asian area, alarming dynamic variations in the pattern of confirmed cases and death tolls were displayed. During epidemics, accurate assessment of the characteristics that characterize infectious disease transmission is critical for optimizing control actions, planning, and adapting public health interventions. The reproductive number, or the typical number of secondary cases caused by an infected individual, can be employed to determine transmissibility. Several statistical and mathematical techniques have been presented to calculate across the duration of an epidemic. A technique is provided for calculating epidemic reproduction numbers. It is a MATLAB version of the EpiEstim package's R function estimate R, version 2.2-3. in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries. The three methodologies supported are 'parametric SI,' 'non-parametric SI,' and 'uncertain SI.' The present study indicated that the highest reproduction number was 12.123 and 11.861 on 5th and 14th March 2020 in India and Sri_Lanka, whereas the lowest reproduction number was the lowest was 0.300 and 0.315 in Sri_Lanka and India. The Maximum and minimum reproductive number of Bangladesh was 3.752 and 0.725. In this study, we have tried to point out the worst, best and current situation of SAARC countries.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and interleukin-12 serum level as indicator to severity between COVID-19 patients
Authors: Hasan Huda Khadim , Al-Khafaji Noor Salman Khadim
Published: June 2022

The Coronavirus, one of the most rapidly spreading respiratory viruses, caused a worldwide epidemic that killed about six million people. This led to the fast development of several vaccines and drugs to reduce disease severity and speed patient recovery. This study aimed to identify the serum levels of each of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and interleukin-12  .The severity of infection in coronavirus COVID-19 patients was compared to immune levels of these cytokines and receptors in the different cases of COVID-19 patients. This case-control study included 90 blood samples from COVID-19 patients with ages between 15-80 years. Results revealed that the serum levels of both angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 ( ACE-2) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) were measured in COVID-19 patients and the results were compared using an independent T-test, it was found that their levels for interleukin-12 revealed a significant difference (P ≤0.05) in the serum levels of severe cases when compared with non-severe cases. There was an increase in the serum level of IL-12 in severe cases was 33.340 ng/L, in the serum level and in non-severe cases was 20.913 ng/L. ( P ≤0.000), and for angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 this study revealed a significant difference in ACE-2 serum levels in severe cases (P ≤0.05) when compared with the non-severe cases of patients with COVID 19.  The serum level of ACE-2 in severe cases was 11.023 ng/ml, and in non-severe cases, it was 5.443ng/ml ( P ≤0.000). It was concluded that the emerging coronavirus works to create an immune storm represented by raising the serum levels of both ACE-2 and IL-12 that contribute to the damage to the alveoli in severely COV-19 patients.
Spatial and temporal estimation of actual evapotranspiration of lower Bhavani basin, Tamil Nadu using Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land Model
Authors: Karishma C. G. , Kannan Balaji , Nagarajan K. , Panneerselvam S. , Pazhanivelan S.
Published: June 2022

Estimating evapotranspiration's spatiotemporal variance is critical for regional water resource management and allocation, including irrigation scheduling, drought monitoring, and forecasting. The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) method can be used to estimate spatio-temporal variations in evapotranspiration (ET) using remote sensing-based variables like Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), surface albedo, transmittance, and surface emissivity. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the actual evapotranspiration for the lower Bhavani basin, Tamil Nadu based on remote sensing methods using Landsat 8 data for the years 2018 to 2020. The actual evapotranspiration was estimated using SEBAL model and its spatial variation was compared over different land covers. The estimated values of daily actual evapotranspiration in the lower Bhavani basin ranged from 0 to 4.72 mm day-1. Thus it is evident that SEBAL model can be used to predict ET with limited ground base hydrological data. The spatially estimated ET values will help in managing the crop water requirement at each stage of crop and irrigation scheduling, which will ensure the efficient use of available water resources.
Dogielius kaelensis n. sp. (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae), a gill parasite of Garra annandalei Hora, 1921 (Cyprinidae, Labeoninae) in Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Narba Dobiam , Matey Chawan , Tripathi Amit
Published: June 2022

Parasite biodiversity of fish in Arunachal Pradesh of northeast India is still unexplored. We describe here a new species of Dogielius (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from the gill filaments of Garra annandalei(Cyprinidae), collected from the River Kael, Arunachal Pradesh. Dogielius kaelensis n. sp. is distinguished from its congeners by two key features: (i) a robust ventral bar with a medial part twisted forward, and ii) an accessory piece with a ring to help guide the copulatory tube. This is only the second time a member of the genus Dogielius has been found parasitizing a Garra species.
Importance of silicon in combating a variety of stresses in plants: A review
Authors: Pooja  , Vikram  , Sharma Jyoti , Verma Shivani , Sharma Asha
Published: June 2022

The abundance of silicon (Si) in the earth's crust is found as silicon dioxide (SiO2). But this abundance of Si is not a sign that the plants take up an adequate amount of Si. This review article incorporates research based on Si to understand the importance of Si in plants under various stress conditions and its role in sustainable agricultural production. Si's application is considered a better approach to providing stress tolerance to plants under stress conditions. The review describes the different phases of Si, its absorption, transport in plants, and its various mechanisms of action to tolerate specific stresses. The uptake and transport of Si through various Si transporters have also been reported. This review also discusses the various mechanisms of Si under biotic or abiotic stress in different plants. The application of Si improves soil quality and soil health and enhances the soil microbial population. In addition, the role of Si in the upregulation and down-regulation of proteins under stressful conditions has also been reported. The information can help to better understand the importance and mechanism of Si in plants and its application in agriculture.
Heavy metals and aluminium intake from stored canned tomato, sardines and tuna in Algeria
Authors: Terbeche Ryme , Samia Gharbi , Rahli Fouzia , Ouadah Karim , Taleb Fawzi , Nassima Draou , Rezini Yacine , Alioua Amel  Berrebbah
Published: June 2022

This study assessed heavy metals intake and their impacts on healthcare in Algeria. Peculiar attention was given to heavy metals found in largely consumed canned foods in Algeria such as double concentrated tomato, tuna crumbs and sardines. Chemical analyses of the metal and aluminium containers (foil, tray) were performed by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and EDS spectrometry (Energy Dispersive Spectrometry). The determination of the trace metal content in canned food (element metal trace EMT) was achieved by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The approach proposed in this study aimed to highlight the interaction of the product and packaging material, and thus to identify and quantify heavy metals traces that were able to undergo specific or overall migration to food. The morphology of the contact surface food / packaging was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and showed a slight degradation of the base metal (Black Iron).  There was an obvious increase in EMTs during tuna, sardines and tomatoes storage and artificial aging. A special interest was given to cooking modes using aluminium foil and trays.  ‎‎The respective dosages of aluminium, in baked food (fresh tuna) were obtained. Specific Aluminium migration was noticed and was strong for the flame cooking mode.
Authentication of Harpullia arborea (Blanco) Radlk. - a traditional medicinal plant from India using microscopic techniques
Authors: M Vigi George , N Hari
Published: June 2022

Harpullia arborea (Blanco) Radlk., Sapindaceae, known as “black doll’s eyes” or “tulip tree” is a rainforest tree distributed in the tropical forests of peninsular India. Out of the 26 species of the genus, H. arborea is therapeutically more studied and widely used in folk and ayurvedic medicine. In this work, anatomical study of the leaves and stem of H. arborea was performed to provide a microscopical diagnosis for its characterization due to its increasing use in folk and ayurvedic medicine and its differentiation from other species with the same popular name. Standard light and scanning electron microscopy procedures were carried out using paradermal sections of leaf surfaces and transverse sections of lamina, midrib, and petiole. Stem preparations include longitudinal, radial and transverse sections of tertiary branches. The leaf epidermis with stellate non-glandular trichomes, cyclocytic stomata, mucilaginous cells and mesophyll without secretory sclereids, and the stem with confluent axial parenchyma, biseriate xylem rays, and the presence of rhomboidal prismatic crystals in the axial cells are the diagnostic microscopic features of the species. This structural characterization of the stem and leaf allows the identification of H.arborea, allowing certification of the authenticity of raw material.
Catalytic effect of acetate (C2H3O2) on coulombic efficiency and bio-electricity generation from wastewater sample prepared from domestic kitchen waste using dual chamber microbial fuel cell technology
Authors: Malyan Aarti , Mongia Geeta , Kumar Shani
Published: June 2022

In recent times, the use of energy resources, particularly non-renewable resources, have increased manifolds due to the ever-increasing global demands. This has led to an increase in depletion of the resources and environmental pollution. Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) are a new concept that has proved to be the solution to the problem as a green energy resource. The paper focuses on generating electricity from wastewater prepared from kitchen wet waste kept for about 168 hours in an attempt to address the energy crisis while also treating it. A comparative analysis of the sample as prepared and with acetate has been studied and power generation, coulombic efficiency and change in chemical oxygen demand (COD) for wastewater were calculated and also the catalytic effect of acetate was analyzed. It was  observed that there was a substantial increase in coulombic efficiency and COD content .   A coulombic Efficiency  efficiency of 25.29% was obtained for the sample with acetate, whereas, without acetate it was calculated as 9.71%. The maximum power density was obtained from the polarization curves. It was observed that the maximum power density of pure kitchen wastewater was found to be 0.017 mW/m2; however, for kitchen wastewater with acetate, the power density increased considerably to 0.546 mW/m2 at an external resistance of 1Kῼ. Further, the maximum current densities observed were 2.239 mA/m2 and 8.771 mA/m2, respectively. The internal resistance of the constructed prototypes was also determined using the maximum power transfer theorem. In this study, a prototype was constructed and it was found that kitchen waste can be used as a source of electricity generation and leads to a green energy initiative.
Unveiling the structural features of CysE: a novel target for therapeutic interventions against persistent mycobacteria
Authors: Gupta Sunita , Gupta Vibha
Published: June 2022

World Health Organization (WHO) reports that one-third of the world’s population is infected with a persistent form of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the causative bacterium responsible for causing the dreaded tuberculosis disease. Targeting mycobacterial persisters is important for achieving WHO’s End TB target. The de-novo cysteine biosynthetic pathway is a novel target for addressing M.tb persistence.  The two-step pathway comprises of serine acetyltransferase/CysE and O-acetyl-serine-sulfhydrylase/OASS/CysK. The present study is an attempt to understand the structural features of mycobacterial CysE by investigating the divergence amongst orthologous through phylogenetic analysis. Mapping of mycobacterial CysE sequences on the whole orthologous (COG1045) tree segregated the species into four clusters and several isoforms leading to their descendants identification. Interestingly the analysis revealed that the extended C-terminal α-helix believed unique to M.tb is also present in other organisms such as: Campylobacter ureolyticus, Bacillus cereus, Geminocystis herdmanii and Paenibacillus borealis. Further, the Hidden Markov model search against the whole Uniprot database suggests a plausible role of C-terminal α-helix of CysE in strengthening the substrate and/or co-factor binding. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of CysE sequences from the Mycobacteriaceae family facilitates grouping them under ten well-formed and six monophyletic clades, each based on characteristic features with respect to domain architecture, oligomeric assembly, C-terminal tetra-peptide tail, regulatory and feedback mechanism etc. Employing molecular phylogeny in conjunction with structural analysis has provided detailed insights for mycobacterial CysEs as drug target.
Biohydrogen: Opportunities and challenges as an alternative energy resource
Authors: Raturi Shubham , Singh Pallavi , Jha Saurabh Kumar , Karn Santosh Kumar
Published: June 2022

As the energy demand is continuously rising with the increase in population, the use of fossil fuels is also increasing at the same rate. These fossil fuels release greenhouse gases (GHG) which are harmful to human health and our environmental health and these fuels are also expected to exhaust in the near future. This eventually has led to an emerging need to shift to a more reliable, sustainable, clean energy source. Biohydrogen as fuel is a potential alternative, as hydrogen has proved to be one such fuel which has the potential to replace fossil fuels. There is a need to produce it in a clean, sustainable way to compete with the fuels that are being used currently. The hydrogen which is produced biologically is known as biohydrogen. Microorganisms also play a huge role in the process of hydrogen generation by virtue of their natural mechanism. Hydrogen can be produced biologically using approaches like biophotolysis (direct and indirect), fermentation (dark and photo) and microbial electrolysis cell (MEC). Among all, dark fermentation seems to be the most efficient when compared to other procedures. The challenges currently being faced with this technology are the yield of hydrogen, the high cost of the reactor and system efficiency. This technology still needs a lot of research and improvement to replace fossil fuels entirely.
Effect of Gallium-68 isotope injection on hemoglobin derivatives concentrations after instant injection and its recovery in male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Raafat Bassem M. , Osman Hamid , Faizo Nahla L. , Alamri Sultan , Alghamdi Ahmad Joman , Ahmed Rania Mohammed , Almahwasi Ashraf
Published: June 2022

Oxidizing effects of ionizing radiation are well established and almost understood. However, exposure to low doses of widely used isotopes may result in minor and hidden oxidative stress in some forms of hemoglobin. This formation alteration regarding the legends of hemoglobin's stereochemical function may play a role in hemoglobin dysfunction. There are limited studies related to the effect of gallium isotope injections.  The study intends to find the effect of gallium-68 isotope injection on male rabbits. It was conducted on thirty-two male rabbits (Orycytolagus cuniculus) divided into Group I: control and Group II: animals exposed to gallium-68 isotope at a similar dose commonly used in diagnostic protocols for humans. Blood samples were collected twice: the first was after two hours of injection with isotopes and the second was after twelve hours of injection. A linear, four-mathematical-equations matrix based on the Lamber-Beer law was used to measure the concentration of different hemoglobin derivatives. Results revealed a significant elevation (P<0.05) of methemoglobin, the oxidized form of hemoglobin, two hours after injection (Total hemoglobin = 4.463 ± 0.83), but this effect was completely reversed after twelve hours. This concluded that even low doses of isotopes result in oxidation of hemoglobin that recovers shortly. Furthermore, the outcome of the study supports the healthcare centres to understand the effect of gallium-68 injections on animals.
Physicochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of citrus peel essential oils
Authors: T. Aruna , G. Hemalatha , K. Kumutha , S. Kanchana , S. Vellaikumar
Published: June 2022

Essential oils are produced as secondary metabolites of aromatic plants and can be extracted from leaves, seeds or fruit peel of the plants. Citrus peel is a rich source of limonene which is antimicrobial in nature. The present study aimed to deal with the physicochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of citrus peel essential oil from Citrus reticulate (mandarin orange), Citrus limetta (mosambi) and Citrus limon (lemon).  The lemon peel oil had lower peroxide value (1.6 meq/kg of sample), saponification value (112.2 mg KOH/g of oil) and higher iodine value (116 gI2/100g oil) when compared with orange and mosambi peel essential oil. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity of citrus peel essential oil was measured  and the result indicated that the total antioxidant activity of lemon peel oil was 89.2 % Radical Scavenging activity (RSA). The antifungal activity was assessed by agar dilution method, whereas the antibacterial property was assessed by the agar diffusion method. Lemon peel oil recorded better antimicrobial properties with minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.3% against Aspergillus flavus MTCC 277, 0.2% for Penicillium  MTCC 1995 and Fusarium oxysporum MTCC 284. Likewise, the minimum inhibitory concentration of lemon peel oil against Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96 was 0.3%; Salmonella enterica MTCC 733 and Erwinia sp MTCC 2760 was 0.5%; Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 1688 and Escherichia coli MTCC 443 was 0.7%. This comparative study showed that lemon peel oil had better physicochemical and antioxidant property. Lemon peel oil can be used as a preservative in the food system as it exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity.
A Study on Derivative Market in India
Authors: Dr. Cirappa I B  , Tejashwini K C
Published: June 2022

Since 1991, thanks to economic policy liberalization, the Indian economy has entered an era in which Indian businesses can no longer disregard global markets. Prior to the 1990s, the prices of a variety of commodities, metals, and other assets were carefully regulated. Others, which were not rolled, were primarily dependant on regulated input costs. As a result, there was no uncertainty and, as a result, no price fluctuations. However, in 1991, when the process of deregulation began, the prices of most items were deregulated. It has also resulted in the exchange being partially deregulated, easing trade restrictions, lowering interest rates, and making significant advancements in foreign institutional investors' access to the capital markets, as well as establishing market-based government securities pricing, among other things. Furthermore, portfolio and securities price volatility and instability were influenced by market-determined exchange rates and interest rates. As a result, hedging strategies employing a variety of derivatives were exposed to a variety of risks. The Indian capital market will be examined in this study, with a focus on derivatives.
The Lockdown Effect on the Profitability Position of Tata Steels Ltd India
Authors: R V Harisha Kumar  , Dr. John Benedict
Published: June 2022

Tata steels in second largest steel industry in India followed by SAIL. This study is to analyze impact of pandemic in Tata steels ltd. The scope of this study is to find the profitability and solvency position of Tata steels ltd, in the period from 2016-17 to 2020-21. The company faced a little impact of the pandemic in some aspects. The company’s debt is higher than the equity of the company. The overall liquidity and the cash circulation in the company is to be increased to run the company in an uninterrupted manner.
The formation of the activities of the central offi ce of the Council for Religious Affairs: the fi rst diffi culties and the ways to overcome them
Authors: Akhmadullina Zh. V.
Published: June 2022

The relevance of the article is justifi ed by several circumstances. Firstly, at the referendum on amending the Constitution of the Russian Federation, our people voted for an amendment to preserve the memory of the ancestors who passed on to us the ideals and faith in God, as well as continuity in the development of the Russian state. Secondly, the history of the creation of the Council for Religious Aff airs under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and its activities are of great interest to Russian and foreign researchers due to the fact that during the Great Patriotic War, the leadership of the USSR dramatically changed the vector and quality of relations between the state and the religious organizations by the Soviet citizens. A signifi cant manifestation of the new policy of the leadership of the USSR in relation to the religious organizations was the absence of a negative reaction of the USSR authorities to the patriotic initiatives of the majority of religious leaders and the masses. Despite the fact that the vast majority of believing citizens of the USSR showed themselves to be real patriots, for more than two years the authorities did not make decisions to give state-confessional relations a higher quality at the level of laws and create new authorities that would interact with religious organizations. After a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War, the leadership of the USSR began to build state-confessional relations through the easing of laws and the creation in 1943 of the Council for the Russian Orthodox Church Aff airs under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and Council for Religious Aff airs under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR in 1944.
The main factors in strengthening the all-Russian identity of the peoples of Dagestan
Authors: Akaev V. Kh. , Kashaf Sh. R. , Bakhmudkadiev N. D. , Tumalayev D. R.
Published: June 2022

The Islamic revival in the Republic of Dagestan, which has been observed since the 1990s , was associated with a return to the historical roots of its peoples, the intensifi cation of traditional religious and cultural values, as well as the spread of ideologies and practices of pseudo-Islamic radical and extremist groups and movements. While traditional Islamic values contributed to the social and spiritual integration of the Muslims of Dagestan, the activities of religious and political extremists bolstered their disintegration. In this regard, traditional clergy, primarily the Muftiyat of the Republic of Dagestan had to form countering forces opposing religious and political extremism. The all-Russian identity of the peoples of Dagestan in this period was formed on the basis of the revival and approval of traditions, counteraction to extremism, unifi cation of the peoples of the republic on the basis of the Russian language and culture, common history, constitutional provisions of the state. The authorities, the Muftiyat and the intelligentsia of the republic played an important role in these processes.
Radical Islam and Ummah in Indonesia in 2021: Actors, Processes and Contradictions
Authors: Kirchanov M. V.
Published: June 2022

The author analyzes the features of development and the main vectors of transformation of radical political Islam in Indonesia in 2021. It is shown that at the end of 2020, the Indonesian authorities, for the fi rst time in several years, attempted to eliminate radical Islam in its institutionalized form, which led to the ban on the activities of the Islamic Defenders Front and to the arrest of its leader Muhammad Rizieq Shihab. The author analyzes ideological and organizational mutations and changes within the discourse of radical Islam in modern Indonesia. Particular attention is paid to the “new” actors represented by the revived Mashumi Party and the Ummah Party. The author analyzes the emergence of new and the revival of “historical” Islamist parties in the contexts of changes in the political space of radical Islam after the Front for the Defenders of Islam was banned. The article shows how and why Islamism reorganize itself, actively using the possibilities of the virtual space.
The position of Sunni theologians on the eternity of Hell
Authors: Samigullin K. I.
Published: June 2022

This article is devoted to the theological problem that has become relevant again today, namely the issue of infi nity or frailty of Hell. There have always been some theologians, stating that Hell is fi nite, that the hellish torment will end, and the inhabitants of Hell will either be pardoned and saved, or (according to another point of view) will be destroyed along with the hellish abode. Such points of view contradict the consensus (Ijma‘) of Muslim theologians of the past. The article provides an overview of some theological sources and studies, including Tatar theological heritage, entirely on this topic. The paper also discloses some theological explanations of the position of Sunni Islam on the infi nity of Hell and its punishment.
Problems of Interreligious Dialogue between Islam and Orthodoxy in Russia
Authors: Sharipov A. A.
Published: June 2022

Russia is a multi-confessional, multinational country, on the territory of which representatives of diff erent religions and nations have been living side by side for many centuries. With the existing diff erences, awareness of the commonality of moral attitudes of the main world religions allows us to overcome stereotypes and xenophobia that divide people, which is the most important condition for the formation of a single civil nation, ensuring internal peace and harmony. Russia has accumulated a unique centuries-old experience of peaceful coexistence and interaction, joint creative work of the Muslim and Christian population. But, despite all the positive aspects, there are a number of problems that hinder the development of interreligious dialogue at the everyday level, between ordinary citizens. The emotional factor, the media, and confl icts in political life provoke interreligious strife. This phenomenon suggests that state and public life is closely connected and intertwined with religious relations: almost any action from the outside is refl ected in religion. In addition, the issue of interfaith dialogue is not only an integral part of the culture of public relations, but also, given the realities of our time, is a matter of national security of our Russian state. The article analyzes the main problems that hinder the development of interreligious dialogue in society, and also provides ways to solve them.
The Acquisition Level of 21st Century Skills in the Primary Education 4th Grade Social Studies Curriculum
Authors: Taş Halil , Minaz Muhammet Baki
Published: June 2022

Depending on classroom teachers’ views, this study determined the acquisition level of the 21st-century skills in the primary education 4th-grade social studies curriculum. Designed in an explanatory mixed-method model, it used the interpretative phenomenological method for the qualitative data and the scanning method for the quantitative data. The sample consisted of 86 classroom teachers (42 female and 44 male) selected using the cluster sampling method, one of the probabilistic sampling methods. The quantitative data were collected using a 5-point Likert-type scale and analyzed using frequency (f) and percentage (%). The qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured interview form developed by the researcher and analyzed using the content analysis method. The result revealed that the primary education 4th-grade social studies curriculum was insufficient and impractical to convey 21st-century skills. However, it was better in gaining the skills of "collaboration," "using technology for learning," and "communication." It was determined to be insufficient in gaining the skills of "self-management/self-regulation" and making "global connections" and "local connections."
Differential expression of tubulin tyrosine ligase-like 12 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: June 2022

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with early-onset breast cancer. We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding tubulin tyrosine ligase-like 12, TTLL12, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast: in women aged 45 and younger, and women aged 70 and higher. TTLL12 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of TTLL12 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with distant metastasis-free survival in patients with basal subtype breast cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by PAM50 molecular subtype. TTLL12 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE PRO AND CONS OF MTQ PHENOMENON ON THE QUALITY OF HAFALAN AI-QUR'AN STUDENTS (Study Anaisis Of Participants Mtq Santri At Al-Qur'an Buaran Islamic Boarding School Pondok)
Authors: pekalongan kdin iain
Published: June 2022

KH. Husni Farroh AI Hafidz is the Carter of the Buaran AIQur'an Islamic Boarding School, he is a student of KH. Harir Muhammad bin KH.R Muhammad bin Shaikh Mahfuz At -Tarmasi, namely when he was young when he was staying at Mbah KH's place. Harir Muhammad at PP. BustanuI UsyaqiI Qur'an Betengan Demak, and also from Mbah Arwani Kudus and Mbah Munawwir Krapyak Jogja. Result of direct interview observation with KH. Husni Farroh AI Hafidz, His opinion is that both (Pros and Cons) are equally good, but for the students, I do not forbid MTQ and leave it alone, and when participating in the Iomba, do not intend.
KOPERASI DAN UMKM SEBAGAI BASIS EKONOMI RAKYAT
Authors: Resky Andi Sry Aska
Published: June 2022

Peranan koperasi dalam meningkatkan produksi mewujudkan pendapatan yang adil dan kemakmuran yang merata, keberhasilan koperasi dalam mencapai tujuannya tergantung dari aktivitas para anggotanya, apakah mereka mampu melaksanakan kerja sama, memiliki kegairahan kerja dan mentaati segala ketentuan dan garis kebijakan yang telah ditetapkan Rapat anggota.
Strategi pengembangan koperasi dan umkm
Authors: Muthmainnah
Published: June 2022

Tingginya perbedaan tingkatan sosial ekonomi kelompok BUMN dan usaha besar dengan UMKM seharusnya menjadi perhatian serius pemerintah. Hal tersebut diperlukan agar pemerintah dapat memerankan dirinya secara lebih optimal di dalam sektor ekonomi skala UMKM yang umumnya bergerak pada sektor sektor informal.
Makalah Manajemen Pemasaran II
Authors: Astutiasri
Published: June 2022

Dalam era persaingan pasar yang sekaranginisegmentasi pasar dan identifikasi pasar merupakansuatuhal yang menjadikeharusan. Identifikasitarget pasar merupakanlangkahawal yang dibutuhkandalamperencanaandanpengembangan strategi pemasaran. Dalam situasidimanakonsumenmenghadapibanyakpilihan, makakesuksesanpemasaranprodukakanbanyakditentukan oleh kesesuaianprodukdengankebutuhankonsumenpadasegmentertentu.Perusahaantidakdapatberhubungandengansemuapelanggannyadipasar yang besar, luas, atauberagam. Tetapimerekadapatmembagipasarsepertiitumenjadibeberapakelompokkonsumenatausegmendengankebutuhan dan keinginanberbeda.
READING ISTIGHASAH ACTIVITIES AS A RIYADHOH METHOD AT AL-ARIFIYAH ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL KEBULEN PEKALONGAN
Authors: Arul Muhammad
Published: June 2022

This article discusses the activity of reading istighasah as a method of riyadhoh at the al-Arifiyah Islamic boarding school. Istighasah is an important ritual activity and has become an obligation for the students of Al-Arifiyah Islamic Boarding School. The purpose of these activities is as a form of riyadhoh for students so that the learning process is always facilitated by Allah SWT and fosters intelligence for students. This study aims to determine how the implementation process and the influence for students on istighasah activities at the Al-Arifiyah Islamic Boarding School Kebulen Pekalongan. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method which aims to describe a certain phenomenon by relying on research procedures. The purpose of carrying out this istighosah activity is to get closer to Allah SWT and to cultivate a true sense of piety and an attitude of trustworthiness and to ask Allah SWT to grant all good wishes.