bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute kidney injury comorbidities analysis based on International Classification of Diseases-10 codes
Authors: Wang Menglu , Liu Guangjian , Ni Zhennan , Yang Qianjun , Li Xiaojun , Bi Zhisheng
Published: July 2023

Objective
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome that occurs as a result of a dramatic decline in kidney function caused by a variety of etiological factors. Its main biomarkers, serum creatinine and urine output, are not effective in diagnosing early AKI. For this reason, this study provides insight into this syndrome by exploring the comorbidities of AKI, which may facilitate the early diagnosis of AKI. In addition, organ crosstalk in AKI was systematically explored based on comorbidities to obtain clinically reliable results.
Methods
We collected data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV database on patients aged ≥ 18 years in intensive care units (ICU) who were diagnosed with AKI using the criteria proposed by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes. The Apriori algorithm was used to mine association rules on the diagnostic data of 55,486 AKI and non-AKI patients in the ICU. The comorbidities of AKI mined were validated through the Electronic Intensive Care Unit database, the Colombian Open Health Database, and medical literature, after which comorbidity results were visualized using a disease network. Finally, organ diseases were identified and classified from comorbidities to investigate renal crosstalk with other distant organs in AKI.
Results
We found 579 AKI comorbidities, and the main ones were disorders of lipoprotein metabolism, essential hypertension, and disorders of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Of the 579 comorbidities, 554 were verifiable and 25 were new and not previously reported. In addition, crosstalk between the kidneys and distant non-kidney organs including the liver, heart, brain, lungs, and gut was observed in AKI with the strongest heart-kidney crosstalk, followed by lung-kidney crosstalk.
Conclusions
The comorbidities mined in this study using association rules are scientific and may be used for the early diagnosis of AKI and the construction of AKI predictive models. Furthermore, the organ crosstalk results obtained through comorbidities may provide supporting information for the management of short- and long-term treatment practices for organ dysfunction.
Design of IoT based real-time color recognition and mixing machine
Authors: Ali Layak
Published: July 2023

Detection of the color of the desired object and its automated generation of the same will be very important in all walks of life. Various types of color detection and mixing strategies are found in the literature. Many industries and research organizations aim to design a color mixing system to increase efficiency and productivity and minimize human efforts. This paper presents the design of fully automated color recognition and regeneration of an object's color even remotely. The prototype is versatile in the facilities it provides. It has a facility to manually enter the required color, detect the color of an object through a sensor, detect the color of an object through its image, and generate the required color. Further, color sensing and generation are controlled remotely through IoT using a mobile app. To meet the real-time constraints and parallel execution, the FreeRTOS is employed in the prototype. The prototype is built using cost-effective Arduino-based hardware and tested with multiple color sensing and generation methods. The results suggest that the prototype is suggestive and can be made as a working model with minor enhancements.
Pharmacological Evaluations of Select Herbal Extracts on TLR7/8-induced Cytokine and Chemokine Production in Macrophage-like Cells
Authors: Dagar Manisha , Priya Kamala , Dikshit Madhu , Kumar Ajay
Published: July 2023

Inflammation is an innate immune response triggered by harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, tissue injury, or toxins. The purpose is to eliminate the source of infection and initiate the healing process. However, an excessive acute inflammatory response can lead to severe and life-threatening complications, as seen during recent pandemics. In the context of viral infections, the activation of the TLR7/8 signaling pathway has been implicated in excessive cytokine secretion. In this study, we aimed to replicate the perturbed inflammatory environment resulting from the activation of the TLR7/8 specific agonists, imiquimod, and resiquimod. We utilized macrophage-like cells, as macrophages are the first responders during infections and secrete key pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) to recruit immune cells to the site of infection. Herbal medicines have been traditionally used for centuries to enhance respiratory immune function. In the present study, we employed a prophylactic approach, where macrophage-like THP1 cells, differentiated with PMA, were pre-treated with select herbal extracts/formulations prior to TLR7/8 activation in the presence of agonists. Several medicinal plants and formulations known for their therapeutic potential in respiratory ailments were investigated, includingWithania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and AYUSH-64, an herbal formulation. The gene expression and corresponding secreted levels of various inflammatory mediators were measured using RT-PCR and ELISA methods, respectively, in treated and untreated differentiated THP1 cells induced with TLR7/8 agonists. Comparatively, the gene expression of inflammatory markers was significantly higher in resiquimod-induced cells than in imiquimod-treated cells. Notably,Withania somniferademonstrated pronounced prophylactic efficacy compared to other herbs/formulations, as evidenced by reduction in expression of majority of investigated inflammatory marker genes.
Effect of NaClO4 Dopant on Chemical Bond and Ionic Conductivity of Benzoyl Kappa-carrageenan Gel Biopolymer Electrolyte
Authors: Manap Nor Rahafza Abdul , Shamsudin Intan Juliana , Shrgawi Norsyabila , Kasim Norherdawati , Noor Siti Aminah Mohd , Taufik Safura , Hanibah Hussein
Published: July 2023

Gel biopolymer electrolytes based on benzoyl kappa-carrageenan (Bz-κcar) as polymer host and sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) as dopant was successfully produced. The concentration of NaClO4 was varied from 0.5 to 3.0 wt.% in order to investigate its effects on the chemical bonds and the ionic conductivities (σ) of the electrolytes. Characterizations were performed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electrochemical impedance analysis (EIS). Significant changes in the FTIR spectra were detected indicated chemical interactions between Bz-ƙcar and NaClO4. The ionic conductivity of the gel electrolytes increased with higher concentration of NaClO4, suggesting that NaClO4 was an effective charge carrier in the system. The highest σ of the gel electrolyte attained at ambient temperature (298 K) was 1.29 x 10− 3 S cm− 1. The temperature dependence of conductivity is Arrhenian in the studied temperature range and achieved elevated σ of 7.90 x 10− 3 S cm− 1 at 100°C with small values in the activation energy (Ea) were observed in all the electrolytes prepared.
A Bibliometric Analysis of CiteSpace-Based Machine Learning Research in Chinese Medicine
Authors: An Lu , Qi Yingxia , Lin Shuyuan , Liu Chang , Lai Xin , Wang Jue , Yan Peiyu , Lu Liming , Li Yu
Published: July 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is widely used in various fields, among which machine learning (ML) is the core of AI that can be rapidly updated and developed. ML has been continuously applied to the field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the past decades, and it has also attracted more and more attention. This study uses CiteSpace and Excel software to explore the development trends and research hotspots of TCM combined with ML. The Web of Science core database was searched using ML algorithms and TCM. The annual publication volume, country (region), institution, author, journal, cited literature, and keywords were analyzed. The results of the study showed that China contributed the most publications, with 95% of the literature originating from China, followed by the United States. The most prolific institution and authors belonged to the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine was the most focused publication in this research area. The burst detection by cited literature and keywords shows that convolutional neural networks and tongue images as diagnostic methods are the current research hotspots in this field.
Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism Through Interest Rate Channel in Tanzania
Authors: Kimolo Deogratius W. , Naumanga Happiness , Mhoja Angelina , Makoye Elias , Salapion Ladslaus
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission through interest rates in Tanzania using quarterly data from 2002 to 2022. The study specifically examines how fluctuations in the monetary policy rate (measured by the repo rate) influence the overnight and 7-day interbank rates, as well as short-term and long-term lending and deposit rates, and consequently, the general price level and the overall economy. In pursuit of these objectives, the empirical analysis employs Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) to analyze the degree of interest rate pass-through and the Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) model to scrutinize the efficacy of monetary policy transmission mechanism to the overall economy and prices through the interest rate channel. The study finds a complete pass-through of monetary policy rates to interbank market interest rates, with the 7-day interbank rate showing greater responsiveness to changes in policy rates than the overnight interbank rate. The pass-through to short-term deposit rates is statistically significant but low in the short run, with a higher degree than in previous studies indicating improvement in transmission. Furthermore, there is an incomplete pass-through of the policy rate to both short-term and long-term lending rates. In addition, the study finds that the transmission of monetary policy from policy rate to output and prices is weak. The study provides four key policy implications. First, the 7-day interbank rate could potentially serve as an operational target in the conduct of monetary policy. Second, the observed improvement in the transmission process could serve as a basis for supporting the adoption of an interest rate-based monetary policy framework in Tanzania. However, there are still limitations to this framework, and efforts should be made to address them. Third, to improve lending rates sensitivity in Tanzania, efforts should be made to address challenges related to bank-specific, industry-specific, and macroeconomic factors. Finally, efforts should be made to improve financial inclusion, financial market competition, and transparency of the Bank of Tanzania's monetary policy operations to improve monetary policy transmission.
p27 Kip1 and cytoplasmic pSer10p27 are promising biomarkers for predicting prognosis and chemotherapy response in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhu Mengna , Sun Si , Huang Lin , Gao Lingling , Chen Mengqing , Cai Jing , Wang Zehua , Peng Minggang
Published: July 2023

Purpose The biological function of p27Kip1 largely depends on its subcellular localization and phosphorylation status. Different subcellular localization and phosphorylation status of p27Kip1 may represent distinct clinical values, which are not entirely clear in ovarian cancer. This study aimed to elucidate different subcellular localizations of p27Kip1 and pSer10p27 in predicting prognosis and chemotherapy response in ovarian cancer.
Methods Meta-analyses were executed to evaluate the association of p27Kip1 and phosphorylated p27Kip1 with the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. The expression levels and patterns of p27Kip1 and pSer10p27 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The correlations between different p27Kip1 states and clinicopathological features as well as prognosis were analyzed. p27Kip1 and pSer10p27 expression level in cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines were detected using WB. KEGG analysis and WB were performed to evaluate the involved pathways of p27Kip1.
Results Meta-analyses showed that p27Kip1 was associated with significantly better overall survival (OS) in ovarian cancer (HR = 2.14; 95% CI [1.71 - 2.68]) and pSer10p27 was associated with significantly poor OS in mixed solid tumors (HR = 2.56; 95% CI [1.76 - 3.73]) In our cohort of ovarian cancer patients, low total p27Kip1 remained independent risk factors for OS (HR = 2.097; 95% CI [1.121 - 3.922], P = 0.021) and PFS (HR = 2.483; 95% CI [1.364 - 4.518], P = 0.003), while low cytoplasmic pSer10p27 had independent protective effects in terms of OS (HR = 0.472; 95% CI [0.248 - 0.898], P = 0.022) and PFS (HR = 0.488; 95% CI [0.261 - 0.910], P = 0.024). Patients with low total p27Kip1/pSer10p27 and low nuclear p27Kip1 had worse chemotherapy response while patients with low cytoplasmic pSer10p27 expression had better chemotherapy response. The protein levels of p27Kip1 and pSer10p27 were significantly reduced in cisplatin resistant cell lines SKOV3-cDDP and A2780-cDDP and the level of p27Kip1/pSer10p27 was subjective to Akt activation.
Conclusion The present study demonstrates that p27Kip1 and cytoplasmic pSer10p27 are promising biomarkers for predicting prognosis and chemotherapy response in ovarian cancer.
Effects of mindfulness on depression in college students: mediating role of psychological resilience and moderating role of gender
Authors: Zhang Junliang , Zheng Shuang , Hu Zhongzheng , Wang Jingming
Published: July 2023

Objective
A questionnaire was administered to 963 college students to investigate the mediating effect of psychological resilience in the association between mindfulness and college student depression, as well as the moderating role of gender.
Methods
For this study, data was collected between 20 April and 1 May 2023 at three universities in Jiangxi Province using a random sampling method.963 Chinese university students were surveyed using the Adolescent Mindfulness Scale, the Psychological Resilience Scale, and the Depression Self-Rating Scale.SPSS24.0 software was used for correlation analysis and linear regression analysis,and PROCESS v3.4 model 7 was used to analyze this mediated model with moderating effects.
Results
In the mediated effects model, the direct effect of mindfulness on college depression levels was significant (95% CI -0.43, -0.31); the indirect effect of mindfulness on college depression through psychological resilience was also significant (95% CI -0.34, -0.23); the interaction effect of mindfulness and gender was also found to be significant (95% CI 0.03, 0.16) in the mediated model with moderation.
Conclusion
Mindfulness not only directly predicted depression, but also indirectly predicted depression through the mediating effect of psychological resilience ; At the same time, the prediction of psychological resilience by mindfulness was also moderated by gender, with female college students' psychological resilience being more strongly influenced by the level of mindfulness compared to male students.
NADPH and NAC Synergistically Inhibits Chronic Ocular Hypertension-Induced Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation through Regulating p38/MAPK Pathway and Peroxidation
Authors: Yu Naiji , Wu Xingdi , Zhang Chengshou , Qin Qiyu , Gu Yuxiang , Ke Weishaer , Liu Xin , Zhang Qi , Chen Min , Wang Kaijun
Published: July 2023

Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, is characterized by neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation with retinal NAD/NADP and GSH decline. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)/NAD phosphate (NADP) and glutathione (GSH) are two redox reducers in neuronal and glial metabolism. However, therapeutic strategies targeting NAD/NADP or GSH do not exert ideal effects, and the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. We assessed morphological changes inretinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the affected neurons in glaucoma, and Müller cells, the major glial cells in the retina, as well as thelevels of phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) and Caspase-3 in glaucoma patients. We constructed a modified chronic ocular hypertensive rat model and an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) cell model. After applying NADPH and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor to cysteine, the rate-limiting substrate in GSH biosynthesis, to cells, apoptosis, axonal damage and peroxidation were reduced in the RGCs of the NAC group and p-p38 levelswere decreased in the RGCs of the NADPH group, while in stimulated Müller cells cultured individually or cocultured with RGCs, gliosis and p38/MAPK, rather than JNK/MAPK, activation were inhibited. The results were more synergistic in therat model, where either NADPH or NAC showed crossover effects on inhibiting peroxidation and p38/MAPK pathway activation. Moreover, the combination of NADPH and NAC ameliorated RGC electrophysiological function and prevented Müller cell gliosis to the greatest extent. These data illustrated conjoined mechanisms in glaucomatous RGC injury and Müller cell gliosis and suggested that NADPH and NAC collaborate as a neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory combination treatment for glaucoma and other underlying human neurodegenerative diseases.
Preventive potential of Lactobacillus johnsonii YH1136 against uric acid accumulation and hyperuricemia- induced damages in rats
Authors: Zhang Xingting , Zhao Zhifang , Sun Ning , Xin Jinge , Gan Baoxing , Jiang Yi , Gong Xuemei , Chen Yu , Hu Na , Li Hao , Ma Hailin , Ni Xueqin , Bai Yang , Wang Hesong
Published: July 2023

Background
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a prevalent metabolic disorder globally, and its development is increasingly associated with intestinal microbiota. Therefore, probiotics have emerged as a potential and safe approach for lowering uric acid (UA) levels. However, effective probiotic strains and the underlying mechanism remain unknown.
Purpose
This study aims to investigate microbiota alterations in each intestinal segment during HUA to identify the most affected segment and potential probiotic strains.
Methods
This study contains two animal experiments. In the first animal experiment, male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups and administered with either 0.5%CMC (Control group) or potassium oxonate (Model group) by oral gavage for an 84-days period. After sacrifice, the whole Gut microbiota was analyzed. In the ssecond animal experiment,Male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups with Control and model groups treated the same as former experiment, while YH1136 group was treated by Lactobacillus johnsonii YH1136 instead (daily amounts of 2×108 CFU).
Results
Whole intestinal diversity was significantly decreased in the model group than in the control, with the most significant decrease in the cecum and colon. Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota were the dominant phyla common to the control and model groups, whereas Bacteroidota was more dominant in the colon of the model group than in the control group. In the RDA analysis, Lactobacillus in the colon and the model group exhibited a strong correlation, suggesting that Lactobacillus may play an important role in hyperuricemia. Consequently, Lactobacillus johnsonii YH1136 was used to assess its preventive effects against HUA. The results showed that Lactobacillus johnsonii YH1136 administration effectively reduced serum UA levels in vivo, mainly inhibiting hepatic xanthine oxidas(XOD) activity and promoting renal ABCG2 transporter expression.Moreover, increased colonization using Lactobacillus johnsonii YH1136 significantly ameliorated pathological damage in the kidney and liver, causing UA accumulation.
Conlusion
These findings highlight the potential significance of Lactobacillus as a connection between HUA and the gut microbiota, providing compelling evidence for Lactobacillus johnsonii YH1136 as a potential treatment for HUA.
Lipopolymer Mediated siRNA Delivery Targeting Aberrant Oncogenes for Effective Therapy of Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Uludag Hasan , Ansari Aysha , KC Remant , Morales Luis , Nasrullah Mohammad , Nisakar Daniel , Kucharski Cezary , Jiang Xiaoyan , Brandwein Joseph
Published: July 2023

In contrast to exploiting proteins as targets like most conventional drugs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), that are rendered futile in the face of emerging drug resistance, RNA Interference (RNAi) exerts its therapeutic action towards disease-driving aberrant genes. To realize the potential of RNAi, the major challenge is to efficiently deliver the therapeutic mediator of RNAi, small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules. In this study, we explored the feasibility of using aliphatic lipid-grafted polymers (lipopolymers) for the delivery of siRNAs against the FLT3 oncogene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and BCR-ABL oncogene in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The lipopolymer delivered siRNA potently suppressed the proliferation AML and CML cells via silencing of the targeted oncogenes. In mouse subcutaneous xenograft models, intravenously administered lipopolymer/siRNA complexes displayed significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth. Combining siFLT3 complexes with gilteritinib allowed for reduction of effective drug dosage, longer duration of remission, and enhanced survival after relapse. Anti-leukemic activity of siBCR-ABL complexes was similar in wild-type and TKI-resistant cells, and therapeutic efficacy was confirmed in vivo through prolonged survival of the NCG hosts systemically implanted with TKI-resistant cells. These results demonstrate the preclinical efficacy of lipopolymer facilitated siRNA delivery, providing a novel therapeutic platform for myeloid leukemias.
MYO1E correlates with immune cells infiltration and PD-1/PD-L1 expression in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhou Xiaomeng , Shi Jiawen , Zhang Xiaojing , Ge Wenliang , Xu Yunzhao
Published: July 2023

Objective
MYO1E is an actin-dependent ATPase that controls tumor development and promotes tumor cell migration and invasion. However, it remains unclear about the relationship between MYO1E and ovarian cancer's clinicopathological characteristics, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and PD-1/PD-L1.
Methods
Using bioinformatics tools and multiplex immunohistochemistry, we investigated the relationship between MYO1E expression and clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer. Further, we analyzed the relevance between MYO1E expression, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and PD-1/PD-L1 in ovarian cancer.
Results
There is overexpression of MYO1E mRNA and protein in ovarian cancer compared to the normal ovary and fallopian tube tissue. MYO1E expression is associated with an unfavorable ovarian cancer prognosis in univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Furthermore, we discovered that MYO1E was associated with neutrophils, macrophages, and PD-1/PD-L1 in the ovarian cancer microenvironment.
Conclusions
Our studies confirmed that MYO1E acts as a predictive marker and has potential implications for immunity therapy in ovarian cancer.
Identification and Characterization of Atm Founder Germline Mutation in Brca-negative Breast Cancer Patients of Arab Ethnicity
Authors: Bu Rong , Siraj Abdul K. , Al-Rasheed Maha , Iqbal Kaleem , Azam Saud , Qadri Zeeshan , Haqawi Wael , Tulbah Asma , Al-Dayel Fouad , Almalik Osama , Al-Kuraya Khawla S.
Published: July 2023

Background
Breast Cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide with germline pathogenic variants/likely pathogenic variants (PVs/LPVs) in BRCA1/2 accounting for a large portion of hereditary cases. Recently, heterozygous PVs/LPVs in the ATM serine/threonine kinase or Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene (ATM) has been identified as a moderate susceptibility factor for BC in diverse ethnicities. However, the prevalence of ATM PVs/LPVs in BC susceptibility in Arab populations remain largely unexplored.
Methods
This study investigated the prevalence of ATM PVs/LPVs among BC patients from Saudi Arabia, employing capture-sequencing technology for ATM PVs/LPVs screening in a cohort of 715 unselected BC patients without BRCA1/2 PVs/LPVs. In addition, founder mutation analysis was conducted using PHASE program.
Results
In our entire cohort, four unique PVs/LPVs in ATM gene were identified in six cases (0.8%). Notably, one recurrent LPV, c.6115G > A:p.Glu2039Lys, was identified in three cases, for which haplotype analysis confirmed as a novel putative founder mutation traced back to 13 generations on average. This founder mutation accounted for half of all identified mutant cases and 0.4% of total screened cases. This study further reveals a significant correlation between the presence of ATM mutation and family history of BC (p = 0.0127).
Conclusions
These finding underscore an approximate 0.8% prevalence of ATM germline PVs/LPVs in Arab BC patients without BRCA1/2 PVs/LPVs and suggested a founder effect of specific recurrent ATM mutation. These insights can help in the design of a genetic testing strategy tailored to the local population in Saudi Arabia, thereby, enabling more accurate clinical management and risk prediction.
Modeling of Sedimentation of Particles near Corrugated Surface by Meshless Method of Fundamental Solutions
Authors: Povitsky Alex
Published: July 2023

The velocity and trajectory of particle moving along the corrugated (rough) surface under action of gravity is obtained by meshless Method of Fundamental Solutions (MFS). This physical situation is found often in biological systems and microfluidic devices. The Stokes equations with no-slip boundary conditions are solved using the Green function for Stokeslets. In the present study, the velocity of a moving particle is not known and becomes a part of the MFS solution. This requires an adjustment of the matrix of MFS linear system to include the unknown particle velocity and incorporate in the MFS the balance of hydrodynamic and gravity forces acting on the particle. Combination of regularization of Stokeslets and placement of Stokeslets outside flow domain was explored to ensure accuracy and stability of computations for particles moving in proximity to wall. Comparison has been made to prior published approximate analytical and experimental results to verify the effectiveness of this methodology to predict the trajectory of particle including its deviation from vertical trajectory and select the optimal set of computational parameters. The developed MFS methodology is applied to sedimentation of two spherical particles in proximity for which case the analytical solution is not available.
Overview of the Twitter conversation around #14F 2021 Catalonia regional election: analysis of echo chambers and presence of social bots
Authors: Cervera Raul Broto , Pérez-Solà Cristina , Batlle Albert
Published: July 2023

The omnipresence of the digital ecosystem makes it increasingly important in our societies, which implies that the analysis and study of the digital battlefield in political elections is also becoming more necessary to protect our democracies. Previous literature showed the existence of information operations around the world, designed to manipulate the political perception of citizens, and therefore, the electoral results. This paper examines the Twitter conversation around #14F 2021 Catalonia regional elections, which had special significance due to the pandemic situation and the highly polarized scenario around Catalonia and Spain, using tools and techniques from Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence. The results obtained show that the conversation existed inside robust echo chambers within each political party community, which became even more powerful if parties are unified into political affinity blocks. Also, focusing on the analysis related to the social bot presence, a significant quantity of results showed a higher presence of social bots in VOX party community compared to the rest of communities. This study corroborates other existing studies regarding the Catalan and Spanish scenario on the presence of echo chambers and on the existence of social bots with their tendency to basically amplify content; it also uncovers the lack of existence of cross-conversation between the independentist and unionist political block claimed in other studies.
Evaluating Supervised Machine Learning Models for Zero-Day Phishing Attack Detection: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Lotfi Zahra , Valipourebrahimi Sara , Tran Thomas
Published: July 2023

To have highly secure e-commerce websites, detecting and preventing cyber-attacks is of high importance. Among diverse types of cyber-attacks, identifying zero-day attacks is problematic since they are unknown to the security system. It is because they usually are launched by an attacker and none of the existing defined patterns match with the unknown (malicious) case. There are many machine learning models developed to analyze and detect phishing websites, specifically using supervised models. However, the main issue with zero-day attacks is that they are not seen before, so their patterns are not trained to the model. Thus, the supervised models designed for detecting phishing URLs should be very accurate in predicting the label of unseen data. This research addresses the underlying issue by evaluating seven different supervised machine learning models to assess their accuracy in predicting zero-day phishing attacks. Unlike previous studies that examined models on features that are only extracted from URLs, our evaluation framework incorporates a comprehensive dataset that includes not only URL features but also third-party extracted features as well as content-based features. This research also examines the performance of the models under the impact of dimension reduction techniques. By reducing the dimensionality of the dataset, we aim to improve computational efficiency without compromising the accuracy of the models. The results depict that XGBoost performs best on zero-day attack data sets with accuracy and an f1-score of 96.6%, and PCA can be applied in high-dimensional data sets without adverse effects on the models’ performance.
A kind of high performance and environmental friendly TTE modified chlorella protein-based adhesive
Authors: Wang shujie , Sun jin , Chen mengjie , Gao zhenzhong
Published: July 2023

Protein-based adhesives are considered an excellent alternative to aldehyde-based adhesives. However, currently commonly used protein raw material is edible protein, which will inevitably lead to food competition in long run. To this end, this study used chlorella protein, a non-edible single-cell protein as raw material, to develop a new type of green, economical and high-performance chlorella protein-based adhesive. Chlorella protein was pretreated by alkali-heat-SDS method, and then modified with trihydroxymethyl triglycidyl ether (TTE). The result showed that dry bond strength, thermal stability and water resistance of adhesive were improved. When 0.75 g TTE was added, dry bond strength increased from 0.55 MPa to 1.75 MPa and wet bond strength increased from 0 to 1.06 MPa, by 218.2% and 106.0%, respectively. The physico-chemical connections between TTE and chlorella protein were confirmed by FTIR, XRD, TG and SEM, as well as formation of dense cross-linking network structure. This study provides a new raw material and its preparation method for field of protein-based adhesives, and promotes development of protein-based adhesives.
Reindeer hindlimb joint kinetics: propulsive and energy storage mechanisms and mechanical work
Authors: Li Guoyu , Zhang Rui , Han Dianlei , Li Zhisong
Published: July 2023

As seasonal migratory animals, reindeer inhabit the natural habitats in Arctic regions and have evolved their hindlimb joints to adapt to the complex ground conditions there. Inverse dynamics of the joints is an important tool to study foot functions. Herein, with a motion tracking system and plantar pressure data based on kinematics and inverse dynamics of hindlimbs, we investigated the changes in joint angles, net joint moments, net joint powers, and work of reindeer at different speeds. Reindeer may adopt different movement patterns to efficiently utilize energy and adapt to the demands of different gaits and speeds. The joint ranges of motion (ROM) of the ankle joint (αb), metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint (αc), and interphalangeal joint (αd) of the hindlimbs were about 20.73°-28.87°, 40.37°-47.69°, and 24.47°-26.18°, respectively. The ankle joint produced positive work, providing propulsion. The positive work done at the ankle joint during walking, slow-trotting, and fast-trotting was 8.61×10-2, 9.25×10-2, and 15.44×10-2J·kg-1, respectively. The MTP and interphalangeal joints both absorbed energy during walking, slow trotting, and fast trotting. The energy absorption at the respective speeds was 12.53×10-2, 13.57×10-2, and 19.90×10-2J·kg-1by the MTP joint, and was 9.49×10-2, 7.71×10-2, and 10.26×10-2J·kg-1by the interphalangeal joint. The MTP joint and interphalangeal joint of the hindlimbs serve as the primary sites for energy storage and release, functioning as an elastic system. This study contributes to a deeper understanding about the biomechanical properties of hindlimb joints and provides a theoretical basis for designing extremity robots in extreme environments through analyzing the functional characteristics of reindeer foot joints.
Unlocking the Genetic Enigma: Estimating the Hidden Horde of Barcoded Cancer Cells using a Molecular German Tank Problem Approach
Authors: TASTAN CIHAN
Published: July 2023

Accurate estimation of the number of undetected cancer cells after treatment is of paramount importance in oncology to gauge treatment efficacy and potential disease recurrence. Drawing inspiration from the German tank problem, we present a novel sampling-based molecular approach to estimate the population of elusive cancer cells that remain undetected by current molecular techniques. This study proposes an innovative approach to be undertaken in the future for estimating the number of undetected cancer cells post-treatment. Inspired by the renowned German tank problem, our sampling-based molecular methodology involves creating a unique molecular barcode representing the increasing mutations in cancerous cells over time. By collecting serial samples from cancer patients after treatment, we aim to statistically analyze and develop a robust estimation model to infer the total number of undetected cancer cells. The validation of this approach using an independent patient cohort would help ensure its reliability. Successful implementation of this methodology has the potential to revolutionize cancer research, providing crucial insights into residual cancer cell populations and facilitating the development of personalized treatment strategies. Ultimately, this future research endeavor could significantly impact cancer care, leading to improved patient outcomes and advancing our understanding of post-treatment cancer dynamics. This innovative approach may transform cancer research and improve patient outcomes by offering insights into the post-treatment cancer landscape that was hitherto concealed.
"Our Great Rarity": A.I. Bulgakov and His Writings on Western Christianity
Authors: Стецкевич М.С. , Чумакова Т.В. , Стецкевич Е.С.
Published: July 2023

В статье проанализированы важнейшие труды профессора Киевской духовной академии А.И. Булгакова (1859–1907), посвященные истории и современному состоянию западного христианства. Авторским кредо Булгакова было стремление к объективности, которая, хотя и рассматривалась им как недостижимый идеал, тем не менее выгодно отличала его работы от богословско-обличительных сочинений. Не-смотря на значительную стеснённость в выборе литературы и особенно источников, Булгакову удалось создать тексты, ряд которых не потерял своего научного значения до сего дня. Им были заложены отечественные традиции изучения английского христианства XVIII–XIX вв., возобновлённые, после длительного перерыва, современными российскими исследователями.

The article analyzes the most important works of Professor of the Kiev Theological Academy A.I. Bulgakov (1859–1907), devoted to the history and current state of Western Christianity. His author's credo was objectivity, which, although considered by him as an unattainable ideal, nevertheless favourably distinguished his works from theological and accusatory writings. Despite considerable limitations in the choice of literature and especially sources, Bulgakov managed to create texts, a number of which have not lost their scientific significance to this day. He laid the domestic traditions of the study of English Christianity of the XVIII–XIX cc., renewed, after a long break, by modern Russian researchers.
University Statute of 1863 and the Organization of Academic Time at the Kazan University
Authors: Бушуева Л.А.
Published: July 2023

В статье проанализирована организация академического времени в Казанском университете в период действия университетского устава 1863 г. Рассмотрены границы учебного года, особенности организации переводных и вступительных испытаний, распределение лекционных и практических занятий. Отмечено, что широкие полномочия давали возможность профессорским советам, в том числе и в Казани, выстраивать учебный процесс, исходя из местных условий. В результате порядок преподавания в университетах стал со временем различаться. Это привело со стороны властных органов к введению ответных мер, направленных на унификацию академического времени и сокращение самоуправления в университетах.

In the paper the academic time organization at the Kazan University during the period of the University Statute of 1863 is analyzed. The boundaries of the academic year, the organization of transfer and entrance examinations, the distribution of lectures and practical classes are considered. It is noted that broad powers made it possible for professorial councils, including those in Kazan, to build the educational process based on local conditions. As a result, the order of teaching in universities began to differ in time. This led to retaliatory arrangements from the direction of the authorities, aimed at unifying academic time and reducing self-government in universities.
A Sure Token that the Pope is Antichrist
Authors: Чугунова Т.Г.
Published: July 2023

Публикуется перевод одной из глав полемического сочинения английского реформатора Уильяма Тиндела (1494–1536) «Ответ на Диалог сэра Томаса Мора». Перевод выполнен по изданию: Tyndale W. An Answere into Sir Thomas More’s Dualogue // The Whole works of W. Tyndall, John Frith and Doct. Barnes, three worthy Martyrs and principall teachers of this Church of England collected and compiled in one tome together, being before scattered now in in print here exhibiten to the Church / Ed. by J. Foxe. L.: Printed by J. Daye, 1573. P. 247–339. Комментарии и предисловие переводчика.

This publication is one of the most important chapters of the polemical work of the XVI –th century English reformer William Tyndale (1494–1536) «An Answer into Sir Thomas More’s Dualogue» (1531) translated by T.G. Chougounova from English with comments. The translation is based on the edition: Tyndale W. An Answere into Sir Thomas More’s Dualogue // The Whole works of W. Tyndall, John Frith and Doct. Barnes, three worthy Martyrs and principall teachers of this Church of England collected and compiled in one tome together, being before scattered now in in print here exhibiten to the Church / Ed. by J. Foxe. London: Printed by J. Daye, 1573. P. 247–339. The comments and preface are made by the translator.
Comparision of Normal Saline Irrigation with Cold Normal Saline in Surgical Removal of Lower Wisdom Tooth: A Pilot Study.
Authors: Agarwal Shivam , Bargoti Gauri , Dheer Akriti , Garg Dr Balram Garg , Dr Birsubhra Roy  , Kajal Awana  , Kajal Awana
Published: July 2023

Surgical removal of impacted lower wisdom tooth remains as the most common dental surgical procedure that is performed on outpatient basis. In the present study, a total of 40 patients with impacted lower wisdom tooth underwent surgical extraction under local anaesthesia by using Normal saline as irrigating solution at two different temperatures that is refrigerated at 8-degree Celsius temperature and other NS at room temperature. The patients underwent standard operating procedures and medication. Post-operative complications in terms of pain, swelling, infection and delayed wound healing were assessed and compared on Day 1 and Day 3and 7th day after surgery. The result of this study showed that irrigation with cold saline decreases the post-operative complications and enhances the healing after third molar removal.

A bigger scale of research with more samples is recommended to evaluate the most efficacy irrigating solution during surgical removal of impacted lower wisdom tooth.
Multiple Treatment Modalities for Management of Missing Molars – A Case Series
Authors: Shaha Kalpit , Goyal Manish , Kumar Mukesh , Nongthombam Haripriya , Priya Parul
Published: July 2023

Cases with missing molars do need a well-executed treatment plan and a thorough knowledge of biomechanics to treat which usually leads to its prosthetic rehabilitation instead of orthodontic management by the orthodontists. Its orthodontic management is not only time consuming but also requires patience and proper treatment strategy involving right choice of appliance and auxiliaries to achieve the best possible results. Here in this case series we have tried to show different treatment modalities in cases with missing permanent molars leading to ideal post treatment outcomes.
Endocrown: An Alternative Approach for Restoring Endodontically Treated Molar
Authors: Dubey Juhi , Saini Rashmi , Gaur Anuj , Sisodiya Siddharth
Published: July 2023

Abstract- The endocrown is described as a monolithic (one-piece) ceramic bonded construction characterized by a supra-cervical butt joint, retaining maximum enamel to improve adhesion. It is milled using computer-aided techniques or by molding ceramic materials under pressure.

Key words- Endocrown, Endodontically Treated Teeth, CAD/CAM, Post-endo Restoration
Role of Hydroxyapatite (HA) Coatings in Implants : A Review
Authors: Anupriya Kothari  , Rahul A Razdan  , Richa Jain  , Vedant Patel  , Nency Parihar  , Divya Pandey
Published: July 2023

Biomaterials are the materials that are used for the restoration and reorganization of various tissues as well as organs. Some of the common materials presently used are organic, metallic, and composites. To increase the biocompatibility of these materials, some types of coatings are regularly applied. Hydroxyapatite is one of the materials which is mostly used for coating these materials. Hydroxyapatite acquires the same structural and chemical characteristics as human bone. In the present review, we discussed the various aspects of hydroxyapatite coatings that consist of rationale, coating process, various techniques, and coating failures.
Porcelain Veneer: A Case Report
Authors: Dubey Juhi
Published: July 2023

The porcelain veneer is very esthetic and conservative treatment modality for many indications. The success of porcelain veneer depends very much on the method of fabrication and most importantly case selection. An attractive appearance with veneer has shown to increase people’s self-confidence, personal relationship, and even the success in his or her career. Hence with veneer, it is possible to create amazing esthetic results and yet retain considerable solid tooth structure.
I-PRF Incorporated Absorbable Collagen Membrane for GTR based Recession Coverage : A Case Report
Authors: Singh Shruti , Deepa D.  , Katariya Anukrati , Gupta Ankita , Upadhaya Ratan , Rawat Ananya
Published: July 2023

Introduction:  Gingival recession defects in the esthetic zone demands a concurrent correction of all the involved teeth in a single surgery. Wound healing is a complex phenomenon and the concurrent use of collagen membrane and Injectable Platelet rich fibrin (I-PRF) will greatly enhance the process. Thus the aim of this case report is to evaluate the effectiveness of Coronally advanced flap (CAF) with collagen and I-PRF in the management of gingival recession management. There was 90% mean root coverage and good patient esthetic satisfaction. Thus  CAF with collagen and PRF is an effective treatment modality in the management of multiple gingival recessions.
Management of mucosal fenestration using Platelet Rich Fibrin membrane following root resection.
Authors: Sareen Shubham , Sharma Vivek , Khanam Farheen , Yadav Upma
Published: July 2023

Mucosal fenestration associated with maxillary first molar is rare but challenging to treat when there is loss of marginal bone along with buccally oriented root angulation. The exposed root within the oral cavity along with large mucosal defect makes it susceptible to plaque accumulation and infection. This case report showcases the management of mucosal fenestration associated with mesiobuccal root of Left Maxillary first molar by root resection and Platelet rich fibrin membrane.
Peri-implant mucosal recession: Restore the aesthetics- Case report
Authors: Dhinsa Gurpreet , Mehrotra Roopanshi , Kumari Siya , Gupta Sanjay , Singh Aradhana
Published: July 2023

Dental implants are believed to be the best treatment option for patients looking for replacement of missing teeth, particularly in the esthetic zone. Peri-implant mucosal recessions can be the main esthetic problem in anterior areas, while in the functional zone the coverage of exposed implants is not main concern, because the cleaning methods of these structures are much more important. Free gingival graft (FGG) is considered as a common treatment modality for increasing soft tissue thickness and keratinized mucosa at natural teeth and implant sites. In this case report 54 year old male patient presented with chief complaint of unaesthetic dental implant exposure in lower front region of the jaw since 6 years. Free gingival graft technique was used to cover the exposed implant. In 6 months follow up 80% of the coverage was seen.
Management of Papilla Penetrating Frenum Using Z-plasty Technique - A Case Report
Authors: Acharya Rameswari , Srivastava Vivek , Meenawat Ajita , Khan Yasir Shahab
Published: July 2023

Frenectomy is a surgical procedure that is commonly used to address issues related to the frenulum which can affect speech and can cause midline diastema which looks unesthetic. Z-plasty is a modification of the standard frenectomy procedure to reposition the frenulum and improve outcomes. This article provides an overview of frenectomy by using Z-plasty, including the procedure in detail, potential risks and complications, and a discussion of its clinical applications and outcomes.

 

Keywords- Aberrant frenum, Frenectomy, Z-plasty

Source of support- Nil

Conflict of interest- None declared

Ethical clearance- Approved by Intuitional Ethical Committee
Laser in Dentistry- A Review
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Vyas Tarun , Kewalia Kailash , Barupal Sudhir
Published: July 2023

Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation, or LASER, is what the phrase refers to. In 1960, Miaman was the first to apply laser technology on both hard and soft tissues in dentistry. Over the past two decades, laser technology has advanced significantly. Soft tissue applications include wound healing, removal of hyperplastic tissue for uncovering of impacted or partially erupted teeth, photodynamic therapy for malignancies, and photostimulation of herpetic lesion. Various hard tissue applications include caries prevention, bleaching, restorative removal and curing, cavity preparation, dentinal hypersensitivity, growth modulation, and for diagnostic purposes. Although lasers have been shown to be slightly more expensive than conventional therapy, they are a useful tool for improving the effectiveness, specificity, ease, and comfort of dental treatment.