bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
mRNA Sonotransfection of Tumors with Polymeric Microbubbles: Co‐Formulation versus Co‐Administration
Authors: Chen Junlin , Wang Bi , Wang Yuchen , Radermacher Harald , Qi Jinwei , Momoh Jeffrey , Lammers Twan , Shi Yang , Rix Anne , Kiessling Fabian
Published: February 2024

Despite its high potential, non‐viral gene therapy of cancer remains challenging due to inefficient nucleic acid delivery. Ultrasound (US) with microbubbles (MB) can open biological barriers and thus improve DNA and mRNA passage. Polymeric MB are an interesting alternative to clinically used lipid‐coated MB because of their high stability, narrow size distribution, and easy functionalization. However, besides choosing the ideal MB, it remains unclear whether nanocarrier‐encapsulated mRNA should be administered separately (co‐administration) or conjugated to MB (co‐formulation). Therefore, the impact of poly(n‐butyl cyanoacrylate) MB co‐administration with mRNA‐DOTAP/DOPE lipoplexes or their co‐formulation on the transfection of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo is analyzed. Sonotransfection improved mRNA delivery into 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitro with co‐administration being more efficient than co‐formulation. In vivo, the co‐administration sonotransfection approach also resulted in higher transfection efficiency and reached deeper into the tumor tissue. On the contrary, co‐formulation mainly promoted transfection of endothelial and perivascular cells. Furthermore, the co‐formulation approach is much more dependent on the US trigger, resulting in significantly lower off‐site transfection. Thus, the findings indicate that the choice of co‐administration or co‐formulation in sonotransfection should depend on the targeted cell population, tolerable off‐site transfection, and the therapeutic purpose.
Splicing Factor PQBP1 Curtails BAX Expression to Promote Ovarian Cancer Progression
Authors: Liu Xihan , Zhang Jiaojiao , Wang Zixiang , Yan Mingyao , Xu Meining , Li Gaoyuan , Shender Victoria , Wei Jian‐jun , Li Jianqiao , Shao Changshun , Zhang Shiqian , Kong Beihua , Song Kun , Liu Zhaojian
Published: February 2024

Splicing factor polyglutamine binding protein‐1 (PQBP1) is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system during development, and mutations in the gene cause intellectual disability. However, the roles of PQBP1 in cancer progression remain largely unknown. Here, it is shown that PQBP1 overexpression promotes tumor progression and indicates worse prognosis in ovarian cancer. Integrative analysis of spyCLIP‐seq and RNA‐seq data reveals that PQBP1 preferentially binds to exon regions and modulates exon skipping. Mechanistically, it is shown that PQBP1 regulates the splicing of genes related to the apoptotic signaling pathway, including BAX. PQBP1 promotes BAX exon 2 skipping to generate a truncated isoform that undergoes degradation by nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay, thus making cancer cells resistant to apoptosis. In contrast, PQBP1 depletion or splice‐switching antisense oligonucleotides promote exon 2 inclusion and thus increase BAX expression, leading to inhibition of tumor growth. Together, the results demonstrate an oncogenic role of PQBP1 in ovarian cancer and suggest that targeting the aberrant splicing mediated by PQBP1 has therapeutic potential in cancer treatment.
RBMS1 Coordinates with the m6A Reader YTHDF1 to Promote NSCLC Metastasis through Stimulating S100P Translation
Authors: Sun Yu , Chen Dan , Sun Siwen , Ren Menglin , Zhou Liang , Chen Chaoqun , Zhao Jinyao , Wei Huanhuan , Zhao Qingzhi , Qi Yangfan , Zhang Jinrui , Zhang Ge , Liu Han , Yang Qingkai , Liu Quentin , Wang Yang , Zhang Wenjing
Published: February 2024

Metastasis is the leading cause for the high mortality of lung cancer, however, effective anti‐metastatic drugs are still limited. Here it is reported that the RNA‐binding protein RBMS1 is positively associated with increased lymph node metastasis in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Depletion of RBMS1 suppresses cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and inhibits cancer cell metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, RBMS1 interacts with YTHDF1 to promote the translation of S100P, thereby accelerating NSCLC cell metastasis. The RRM2 motif of RBMS1 and the YTH domain of YTHDF1 are required for the binding of RBMS1 and YTHDF1. RBMS1 ablation inhibits the translation of S100P and suppresses tumor metastasis. Targeting RBMS1 with NTP, a small molecular chemical inhibitor of RBMS1, attenuates tumor metastasis in a mouse lung metastasis model. Correlation studies in lung cancer patients further validate the clinical relevance of the findings. Collectively, the study provides insight into the molecular mechanism by which RBMS1 promotes NSCLC metastasis and offers a therapeutic strategy for metastatic NSCLC.
Electrocatalytic Co‐Upcycling of Nitrite and Ethylene Glycol over Cobalt–Copper Oxides
Authors: Niu Zhaodong , Fan Shiying , Li Xinyong , Chen Guohua
Published: February 2024

Electrocatalytic nitrite (NO2−) reduction reaction (NO2−RR) for ammonia (NH3) synthesis is a promising alternative for NO2− resource utilization. Herein, a dual‐site copper‐cobalt oxide catalyst is reported for the efficient electrocatalytic reduction of NO2− to NH3, exhibiting NH3 Faradaic efficiency that remained above 95% (0.1 m NaNO2) over a wide potential window (−0.1 to −0.6 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode, vs RHE). More importantly, the high NH3 Faradaic efficiency maintains an over 85% (−0.1 to −0.3 V vs RHE) at a low concentration of NaNO2 (0.01 m). Theoretical calculations demonstrate that CuO serves the *NO2 to *NO and is subsequently converted to NH3 on Co3O4. Coupled anodic ethylene glycol (EG) oxidation reaction endows low cell voltage (ΔU = 480 mV, 10 mA cm−2) and energy consumption saving (>23%) in a two‐electrode system. This work provides a reference for a co‐upcycling electrolyzer for NO2− and EG.
Prompt Molten Na Infusion and Fluidic Transport by Virtue of Versatile Nano Canal Defects on Tin Oxide Sodiophilic Hosts
Authors: Zeng Yuzhuo , Bai Weijing , Zhu Jianhui , Xu Maowen , Jiang Jian
Published: February 2024

Intrinsically weak metal affinity and sluggish sodium (Na) nucleation/molten fluidic transport of conventional hosts impede the fabrication of high‐capacity Na anodes. Mediating surface free energies (SFEs) of hosts and reinforcing their intermolecular attraction to viscous Na fluids can radically solve these problems. Herein, “canaled” tin oxide nanorod arrays grown on a 3D carbon cloth (CC) matrix exhibit distinct polar/nonpolar SFE components that markedly elevate the solid–liquid wettability for molten Na is reported. Such nanocanal defects render strong capillary forces for spontaneous molten Na imbibition and help to instantly activate Na─Sn alloying and Na nucleation reactions. Furthermore, sodiophilic Na15Sn4 interlayers evolved in former alloying procedures also aid in reducing Na nucleation energy barriers and guide the planar electro‐deposition/dispersion, alleviating the uncontrolled Na dendrite growth. The derived Na/Na15Sn4/CC anodes can thus keep stable after 2000 h of galvanostatic cycling at 1 mA cm−2 or high‐rate testing, without notable dendritic formation. The packed full cells also show superior rate capability and cyclability (capacity retention over 91.5% after all cycling at 1 C). This work provides a smart nano‐engineering way to trigger a fast infusion of molten metals into hosts and synergistically facilitate Na fluidic transport, which may push forward the scalable application of Na metal batteries.
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) response to low‐rate applications of selected herbicides at vegetative and reproductive growth stages
Authors: Singh Navjot , Daramola Olumide S. , Iboyi Joseph E. , Devkota Pratap
Published: February 2024

Off‐target drift of herbicides can seriously reduce peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) growth and yield and is of great concern to growers who will need to manage sensitive crops near new herbicide‐tolerant crops. Field experiments were conducted in 2021 and 2022 with 25% labeled rates of dicamba, glufosinate, glyphosate, lactofen, and paraquat to simulate drift on peanut. The objective was to evaluate the effects of low‐rate application of the herbicides on peanut injury and yield reductions and to determine if unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery‐based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) provides accurate estimation of peanut injury from the herbicides applied at vegetative (V3) and reproductive (R3) growth stages. Peanut suffered greater yield reduction (33%) when exposed to the herbicides at R3 than at V3 growth stage (19%) across all herbicides applied. The order of herbicides that induced yield reductions in peanut was glyphosate > glufosinate = dicamba > paraquat = lactofen. Regardless of exposure timing, NDVI values generated from UAV imagery could not differentiate paraquat or lactofen injury from the weed‐free check. However, NDVI values could differentiate between injured and weed‐free check plants up to 2 and 4 weeks after treatment (WAT) for dicamba at R3 and V3 exposure timing, respectively, up to 4 WAT for glufosinate, and 8 WAT for glyphosate. NDVI from aerial imagery may be helpful to accelerate the detection of injury in large hectarages with greater accuracy compared with visual injury rating, which can be influenced by individual estimation bias.
Work–rest regimens for work in hot environments: A scoping review
Authors: Deshayes Thomas A. , Hsouna Hsen , Braham Mounir A. A. , Arvisais Denis , Pageaux Benjamin , Ouellet Capucine , Jay Ollie , Maso Fabien D. , Begon Mickael , Saidi Alireza , Gendron Philippe , Gagnon Daniel
Published: February 2024

Background

To limit exposures to occupational heat stress, leading occupational health and safety organizations recommend work–rest regimens to prevent core temperature from exceeding 38°C or increasing by ≥1°C. This scoping review aims to map existing knowledge of the effects of work–rest regimens in hot environments and to propose recommendations for future research based on identified gaps.

Methods

We performed a search of 10 databases to retrieve studies focused on work–rest regimens under hot conditions.

Results

Forty‐nine articles were included, of which 35 were experimental studies. Most studies were conducted in laboratory settings, in North America (71%), on healthy young adults, with 94% of the 642 participants being males. Most studies (66%) employed a protocol duration ≤240 min (222 ± 162 min, range: 37–660) and the time‐weighted average wet‐bulb globe temperature was 27 ± 4°C (range: 18–34). The work–rest regimens implemented were those proposed by the American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygiene (20%), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (11%), or the Australian Army (3%). The remaining studies (66%) did not mention how the work–rest regimens were derived. Most studies (89%) focused on physical tasks only. Most studies (94%) reported core temperature, whereas only 22% reported physical and/or mental performance outcomes, respectively. Of the 35 experimental studies included, 77% indicated that core temperature exceeded 38°C.

Conclusions

Although work–rest regimens are widely used, few studies have investigated their physiological effectiveness. These studies were mainly short in duration, involved mostly healthy young males, and rarely considered the effect of work–rest regimens beyond heat strain during physical exertion.
Differential DNA methylation in the brain as potential mediator of the association between traffic‐related PM2.5 and neuropathology markers of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Zhenjiang , Liang Donghai , Ebelt Stefanie , Gearing Marla , Kobor Michael S. , Konwar Chaini , Maclsaac Julie L. , Dever Kristy , Wingo Aliza P. , Levey Allan I. , Lah James J. , Wingo Thomas S. , Hüls Anke
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION

Growing evidence indicates that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanisms have been insufficiently investigated. We hypothesized differential DNA methylation (DNAm) in brain tissue as a potential mediator of this association.

METHODS

We assessed genome‐wide DNAm (Illumina EPIC BeadChips) in prefrontal cortex tissue and three AD‐related neuropathological markers (Braak stage, CERAD, ABC score) for 159 donors, and estimated donors’ residential traffic‐related PM2.5 exposure 1, 3, and 5 years prior to death. We used a combination of the Meet‐in‐the‐Middle approach, high‐dimensional mediation analysis, and causal mediation analysis to identify potential mediating CpGs.

RESULTS

PM2.5 was significantly associated with differential DNAm at cg25433380 and cg10495669. Twenty‐four CpG sites were identified as mediators of the association between PM2.5 exposure and neuropathology markers, several located in genes related to neuroinflammation.

DISCUSSION

Our findings suggest differential DNAm related to neuroinflammation mediates the association between traffic‐related PM2.5 and AD.

Highlights

First study to evaluate the potential mediation effect of DNA methylation for the association between PM2.5 exposure and neuropathological changes of Alzheimer's disease.

Study was based on brain tissues rarely investigated in previous air pollution research.

Cg10495669, assigned to RBCK1 gene playing a role in inflammation, was associated consistently with 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year traffic‐related PM2.5 exposures prior to death.

Meet‐in‐the‐middle approach and high‐dimensional mediation analysis were used simultaneously to increase the potential of identifying the differentially methylated CpGs.

Differential DNAm related to neuroinflammation was found to mediate the association between traffic‐related PM2.5 and Alzheimer's disease.
Conceptual range estimation for total cost of ownership of modular process‐intensified chemical plants
Authors: Alhamouri Khaled I. , O'Connor James T. , Haapala Karl R. , Paul Brian K.
Published: February 2024

Chemical companies have used modularization to reduce capital costs and project timelines, putting capital to work faster and lowering the risk of entering new markets. Nevertheless, the impacts of using modularization along with advanced technologies, such as process intensification, have not yet been fully realized, often due to the uncertain business risks associated with their implementation. Therefore, new methods are needed for quantifying the impact of modular chemical process intensification (MCPI) on the capital and operating costs of chemical plants to help build a business case for this novel approach. This article presents a new conceptual range estimation technique for total cost of ownership that addresses the deficiencies of existing methods for quantifying MCPI impacts. The incorporation of percentage range estimates was employed to allow for adaptability across various cost and size scales. This work also begins to elucidate how chemical engineering and construction firms can benefit from MCPI and identifies barriers that inhibit MCPI applications in the chemical industry.
Transcript Profiles of Microglia/Macrophage Cells at the Borders of Chronic Active and Subpial Gray Matter Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Chomyk Anthony , Kucinski Rikki , Kim Jihye , Christie Emilie , Cyncynatus Kaitlyn , Gossman Zachary , Chen Zhihong , Richardson Brian , Cameron Mark , Turner Tim , Dutta Ranjan , Trapp Bruce
Published: February 2024

Objective

Microglia/macrophages line the border of demyelinated lesions in both cerebral white matter and the cortex in the brains of multiple sclerosis patients. Microglia/macrophages associated with chronic white matter lesions are thought to be responsible for slow lesion expansion and disability progression in progressive multiple sclerosis, whereas those lining gray matter lesions are less studied. Profiling these microglia/macrophages could help to focus therapies on genes or pathways specific to lesion expansion and disease progression.

Methods

We compared the morphology and transcript profiles of microglia/macrophages associated with borders of white matter (WM line) and subpial gray matter lesions (GM line) using laser capture microscopy. We performed RNA sequencing on isolated cells followed by immunocytochemistry to determine the distribution of translational products of transcripts increased in WM line microglia.

Results

Cells in the WM line appear activated, with shorter processes and larger cell bodies, whereas those in the GM line appear more homeostatic, with smaller cell bodies and multiple thin processes. Transcript profiling revealed 176 genes in WM lines and 111 genes in GM lines as differentially expressed. Transcripts associated with immune activation and iron homeostasis were increased in WM line microglia, whereas genes belonging to the canonical Wnt signaling pathway were increased in GM line microglia.

Interpretation

We propose that the mechanisms of demyelination and dynamics of lesion expansion are responsible for differential transcript expression in WM lines and GM lines, and posit that increased expression of the Fc epsilon receptor, spleen tyrosine kinase, and Bruton's tyrosine kinase, play a key role in regulating microglia/macrophage function at the border of chronic active white matter lesions. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:907–916
Thiophene π‐Bridge Manipulation of NIR‐II AIEgens for Multimodal Tumor Phototheranostics
Authors: Gui Yixiong , Wang Yuanwei , Wang Deliang , Qin Yi , Song Guangjie , Yan Dingyuan , Tang Ben Zhong , Wang Dong
Published: February 2024

The fabrication of a multimodal phototheranostic platform on the basis of single‐component theranostic agent to afford both imaging and therapy simultaneously, is attractive yet full of challenges. The emergence of aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens), particularly those emit fluorescence in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II), provides a powerful tool for cancer treatment by virtue of adjustable pathway for radiative/non‐radiative energy consumption, deeper penetration depth and aggregation‐enhanced theranostic performance. Although bulky thiophene π‐bridges such as ortho‐alkylated thiophene, 3,4‐ethoxylene dioxythiophene and benzo[c]thiophene are commonly adopted to construct NIR‐II AIEgens, the subtle differentiation on their theranostic behaviours has yet to be comprehensively investigated. In this work, systematical investigations discovered that AIEgen BT‐NS bearing benzo[c]thiophene possesses acceptable NIR‐II fluorescence emission intensity, efficient reactive oxygen species generation, and high photothermal conversion efficiency. Eventually, by using of BT‐NS nanoparticles, unprecedented performance on NIR‐II fluorescence/photoacoustic/photothermal imaging‐guided synergistic photodynamic/photothermal elimination of tumors was demonstrated. This study thus offers useful insights into developing versatile phototheranostic systems for clinical trials.
Co‐research interview—collaborative way to learn from experience
Authors: Rautiainen Eija‐Liisa , Rautkallio Aino Maija
Published: February 2024

Co‐research interview developed by Tom Andersen and colleagues is a collaborative way of evaluating therapeutic processes that value the experiences of both clients and professionals. This article describes our experiences and thoughts on this interview method. We present the interview structure and give suggestions on how to conduct the interview. We also present applications of the interview method and engage in a dialogue among ourselves about our experiences with these interviews.
Aromatic amino acids as latent, bio‐based curing agents and toughening agents for epoxy resins
Authors: Rothenhäusler Florian , Ruckdäschel Holger
Published: February 2024

In the realm of bio‐based curing agents, recent investigations have focused on amino acids owing to their distinctive attributes. Nevertheless, the suitability of thermosets cured with aromatic amino acids as latent matrix materials for fiber‐reinforced composites remains to be empirically established. Consequently, this study is oriented toward assessing the mechanical properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A when cured with either L‐tryptophan or L‐tyrosine, in the presence of a latent, urea‐based accelerator. The investigated properties include glass transition temperatures, tensile, flexural, compression, and fracture toughness properties. The predominant variations in the mechanical characteristics of these thermosets are confined to their Young's moduli and fracture toughness properties. This divergence is attributed to the greater presence of crystals in the L‐tyrosine‐cured thermoset, resulting in enhanced reinforcement and toughening effects compared to the L‐tryptophan‐cured thermoset.
Reassessment of the enigmatic “Prestosuchus” loricatus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the Middle‐Late Triassic of southern Brazil
Authors: Desojo Julia B. , Rauhut Oliver W. M.
Published: February 2024

Our knowledge of the diversity and evolution of South American Triassic pseudosuchians has greatly improved in the past 15 years, due to new discoveries, but also to the revision of several historically important specimens. One of the earliest descriptions of pseudosuchians from the Triassic of Brazil stems from the classic work of Huene from the first half of the 20th century, who described several species, including such influential taxa as Rauisuchus tiradentes or Prestosuchus chiniquensis, which have recently been reviewed. The more poorly known proposed second species of Prestosuchus, P. loricatus, is the focus of the present work. The original material included some elements of the axial skeleton (cervical and caudal vertebrae, ribs, osteoderms) and the hindlimb (ischia, calcaneum, metatarsus), collected from the Dinodontosaurus Assemblage Zone of the Chiniquá area, west of São Pedro do Sul. “Prestosuchus” loricatus shows numerous differences to P. chiniquensis, including the shape of cervical neural spines, presence of epipophyses on the cervical vertebrae, presence of a pit in the iliac articulation of the ischium, lack of longitudinal furrows in the dorsolateral surface of the ischial shafts, the more slender calcaneal tuber and a less pronounced ventral pit in the calcaneum, and is thus referred to a new genus, Schultzsuchus gen. nov. Phylogenetic analysis indicates an early branching position within Poposauroidea for Schultzsuchus, making it the oldest known member of this clade in South America.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Polyarteritis Nodosa: An International Study
Authors: Karadag Omer , Bolek Ertugrul Cagri , Ayan Gizem , Mohammad Aladdin J. , Grayson Peter C. , Pagnoux Christian , Martín‐Nares Eduardo , Monti Sara , Abe Yoshiyuki , Alberici Federico , Alibaz‐Oner Fatma , Cuthbertson David , Dagna Lorenzo , Direskeneli Haner , Khalidi Nader A. , Koening Curry , Langford Carol A. , McAlear Carol A. , Monach Paul A. , Moroni Luca , Padoan Roberto , Seo Phillip , Warrington Kenneth J. , Hocevar Alojzija , Hinojosa‐Azaola Andrea , Furuta Shunsuke , Emmi Giacomo , Ozen Seza , Jayne David , Merkel Peter A. ,   for the GLOBAL‐PAN Collaborators
Published: February 2024

Objective

We describe the demographics, clinical features, disease course, and survival of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) through an international collaboration (GLOBAL‐PAN).

Methods

Patients with PAN were recruited between 1990 and 2020 from observational cohorts of nine countries across Europe, Japan, and North America. Eligibility was retrospectively defined using the European Medicines Agency classification algorithm. Patients with PAN related to hepatitis B virus (n = 12) and two monogenic diseases mimicking PAN, deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 enzyme (n = 16) or familial Mediterranean fever (n = 11), were excluded. Data regarding organ involvement, relapse, disease‐related damage, and survival were analyzed.

Results

Three hundred fifty‐eight patients (female:male ratio 174:184), including those with systemic PAN (sPAN, n = 282) and cutaneous PAN (n = 76), were included. Twenty‐five were pediatric onset. Mean ± SD age at diagnosis was 44.3 ± 18.1 years. Constitutional symptoms (71.5%), cutaneous involvement (70.5%), musculoskeletal findings (69.1%), and neurologic features (48.0%) were common manifestations. Among patients with sPAN, gastrointestinal involvement and proteinuria over 400 mg/day were reported in 52.2% and 11.2%, respectively. During a median (interquartile range) 59.6 (99.5) months of follow‐up, relapse occurred in 48.5% of patients. One, 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates for sPAN were 97.1%, 94.0%, and 89.0%, respectively. Predictors of death for sPAN included age ≥65 years at diagnosis, serum creatinine at diagnosis >140 μmol/L, gastrointestinal manifestations, and central nervous system (CNS) involvement.

Conclusion

The spectrum of PAN remains a complex, multifaceted disease. Relapse is common. Age ≥65 years and serum creatinine >140 μmol/L at diagnosis, as well as gastrointestinal and CNS involvement, are independent predictors of death in sPAN.

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Macro and micro ethics in fetal and embryological collections: Exploring the paradigms of informed consent among Australian education‐focused stakeholders
Authors: El‐Haddad Joyce , Pather Nalini
Published: February 2024

The management of human fetal and embryological collections presents an ethical challenge that can be explored from different perspectives, particularly when considering informed consent. The “micro ethics” level focuses on parties engaged in giving and receiving human tissue while the “macro ethics” level focusses on the collective responsibility of the discipline and society. Additionally, adopting a framework, where ways of working are designed with relevant communities, requires understanding the perspectives of individuals, communities, and organizations. The aim of this study therefore was to assess the perceptions of education‐focused Australian stakeholders. A survey collected the perspectives of 198 participants. The majority of participants (61.6%; n = 122/198) indicated that human fetal and embryological remains obtained prior to era of informed consent should be retained for use in education/research. It is likely that their perspective is based on the notion that if human fetal and embryological collections are used for good, then disposing of them would deny this benefit. Women (p < 0.001) indicated a preference for obtaining fetuses and embryos with informed consent for education and research (38.4%; n = 76/198). Majority were in favor of recording both maternal (MI) (59.6%; n = 118/198) and paternal information (PI) (58.1%; n = 115/198) with each donation. Majority (56.1%; n = 111/198) expressed that donations should be accepted from both parental sources. Consideration of stakeholder perspectives is important in developing guidelines regarding these collections. The results from this study demonstrate a level of discomfort with respect to collections without informed consent, which should be considered at the macro ethical and micro ethical level.
Immersive virtual reality and augmented reality in anatomy education: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: García‐Robles Paloma , Cortés‐Pérez Irene , Nieto‐Escámez Francisco Antonio , García‐López Héctor , Obrero‐Gaitán Esteban , Osuna‐Pérez María Catalina
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this review was to (1) analyze the effectiveness of immersive virtual reality (iVR) and augmented reality (AR) as teaching/learning resources (collectively called XR‐technologies) for gaining anatomy knowledge compared to traditional approaches and (2) gauge students' perceptions of the usefulness of these technologies as learning tools. This meta‐analysis, previously registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023423017), followed PRISMA guidelines. A systematic bibliographical search, without time parameters, was conducted through four databases until June 2023. A meta‐analytic approach investigated knowledge gains and XR's usefulness for learning. Pooled effect sizes were estimated using Cohen's standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A single‐group proportional meta‐analysis was conducted to quantify the percentage of students who considered XR devices useful for their learning. Twenty‐seven experimental studies, reporting data from 2199 health sciences students, were included for analysis. XR‐technologies yielded higher knowledge gains than traditional approaches (SMD = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.60), especially when used as supplemental/complementary learning resources (SMD = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.40 to 0.63). Specifically, knowledge performance using XR devices outperformed textbooks and atlases (SMD = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.54) and didactic lectures (SMD = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.57 to 1.42), especially among undergraduate students (SMD = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.20 to 0.62). XR devices were perceived to be more useful for learning than traditional approaches (SMD = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.04 to 1), and 80% of all students who used XR devices reported these devices as useful for learning anatomy. Learners using XR technologies demonstrated increased anatomy knowledge gains and considered these technologies useful for learning anatomy.
Finite time fault estimation and fault‐tolerant control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems based on cascaded observers
Authors: Liu Le , Xie Yinghao , Liu Renhe , Fang Yiming
Published: February 2024

In this paper, a finite time fault estimation and fault‐tolerant control method is proposed for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems that have both actuator faults and sensor faults. First, the outputs of the original system pass through the low‐pass filters to obtain the augmented states, and then an augmented system is composed of the states of the low‐pass filters and the original system, so as to realize the conversion of the sensor faults of the original system into partial actuator faults of the augmented system. Next, design state observers to reconstruct the unknown states of the augmented system, and develop extended state observers to estimate the actuator faults and disturbance of the augmented system. Again, the fault‐tolerant controllers are completed based on the backstepping control and the finite time control, and the finite time convergences of the designed observers and controllers are proved by theoretical analyses. Finally, based on a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed system, the simulation research and dSPACE simulated experiment research are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method and its feasibility in the actual application.
Digitale Bauwerksdiagnose – ein Projekt zur digitalen Transformation
Authors: Fritsch Christina , Voigt Chris , Burkhardt Jörg , Arndt Ralf , Marx Steffen
Published: February 2024

Bedingt durch traditionell analoge Arbeitsweisen und heterogene Dokumentationsformen können die Potenziale der Bauwerksdiagnostik für die Bestandsbewertung bisher nicht vollständig gehoben werden. Im Rahmen des zweijährigen Forschungsprojekts Digitale Bauwerksdiagnose wurden digitale Methoden und Hilfsmittel entwickelt, um die Prozessschritte der Datenerfassung, Datenauswertung und Datenverknüpfung mit Building Information Models (BIM) zu verbessern. Dabei entstanden ein Erfassungstool für die digitale Datenerfassung und strukturierte Datenablage, ein Auswertetool für die teilautomatisierte Datenaufbereitung und ‐auswertung sowie ein Visualisierungstool für die Darstellung von Untersuchungsergebnissen in BIM. Die entwickelten Tools verbessern einerseits die Arbeitsweisen, indem sie den Fachingenieuren repetitive, zeitaufwendige Arbeitsschritte abnehmen. Andererseits reduzieren sie die Fehleranfälligkeit und erhöhen die Qualität der bauwerksdiagnostischen Untersuchungsergebnisse. Insgesamt tragen die Projektergebnisse damit zum Anschluss der Bauwerksdiagnostik an die allgegenwärtige Digitalisierung im Bauwesen bei.
Transmission of behavioral and cognitive impairments across generations in rats subjected to prenatal valproic acid exposure
Authors: Taheri Farahnaz , Joushi Sara , Esmaeilpour Khadijeh , Ebrahimi Mohammad Navid , Taherizadeh Zahra , Taheri Parichehr , Sheibani Vahid
Published: February 2024

Background

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents an inheritable neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. Numerous studies have underscored the significant roles played by genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of ASD, and these factors are known to perpetuate behavioral impairments across generations.

Objectives

The primary objective of this study was to assess the behavioral and cognitive attributes in the second filial (F2) generation of male and female rats, with a particular focus on those whose parents had been exposed to valproic acid (VPA) during embryonic development.

Methods

In this study, a cohort of 32 male and 32 female rats from the second filial (F2) generation, referred to as Mother.ASD, Father.ASD, or Both.ASD, was examined. These designations indicate whether the mother, father, or both parents had experienced embryonic exposure to valproic acid (600 mg/kg, i.p.). During adolescence, the F2 pups underwent behavioral and cognitive assessments, including open field testing, marble burying, social interaction evaluations, and Morris water maze tasks.

Results

Our data revealed that while both the Mother.ASD and Father.ASD groups, regardless of sex, exhibited elevated anxiety‐like behavior in the open field test. Only the Mother.ASD group displayed repetitive behaviors and deficits in social memory. Additionally, spatial memory impairments were observed in both sexes. These findings highlight the transmission of autistic‐like behaviors in the offspring of Mother.ASD rats from both sexes. Nevertheless, future research endeavors should be more targeted in identifying the specific genes responsible for this transmission.

Conclusion

In summary, our findings underscore the transmission of autistic‐like behaviors, including anxiety‐like behavior, repetitive actions, impairments in social interactions, and deficits in memory, to the offspring of the Mother.ASD group, irrespective of their sex.
Zum 200. Geburtstag von Gustav Robert Kirchhoff: Vor 175 Jahren wurde die Plattentheorie vollendet
Authors: Kurrer Karl‐Eugen
Published: February 2024

An Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824–1887) erinnern fünf wichtige Errungenschaften der Physik des 19. Jahrhunderts:

– Verzweigungsgesetze des elektrischen Stromes in zusammengesetzten Leitungssystemen (Knotenpunkt‐ und Maschensatz), 1845

– Theorie der dünnen, elastischen Platte, 1850

– Theorie des dünnen, elastischen Stabs mit großen Deformationen, 1859

– Begründung der Spektroskopie mit Robert W. Bunsen (1811–1899), 1859

– Strahlungsgesetz, 1859

Hinzu kommt noch der Piola‐Kirchhoffsche Spannungstensor aus der Kontinuumsmechanik. Diese Aufzählung der von Kirchhoff in der Physik hinterlassenen Spuren könnte fortgesetzt werden. Neben der Biographie steht im Folgenden die Genese der für den Stahlbetonbau wichtigen Theorie der dünnen, elastischen Platte im Mittelpunkt.
Review SPPO complaint process to defend against FERPA complaints
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: February 2024

The Student Privacy Policy Office has a defined process for students or parents who intend to file a complaint alleging Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act violations against a college or university. By understanding the SPPO complaint form, postsecondary institutions can put themselves in a position to communicate with SPPO and defend against a complaint.
A Review of Recent Progresses on Olive Oil Chemical Profiling, Extraction Technology, Shelf‐life, and Quality Control
Authors: Gagour Jamila , Hallouch Otmane , Asbbane Abderrahim , Bijla Laila , Laknifli Abdellatif , Lee Learn‐Han , Zengin Gokhan , Bouyahya Abdelhakim , Sakar El Hassan , Gharby Said
Published: February 2024

Olive oil (OO) is widely recognized as a main component in the Mediterranean diet owing to its unique chemical composition and associated health‐promoting properties. This review aimed at providing readers with recent results on OO physicochemical profiling, extraction technology, and quality parameters specified by regulations to ensure authentic products for consumers. Recent research progress on OO adulteration were outlined through a bibliometric analysis mapping using Vosviewer software. As revealed by bibliometric analysis, richness in terms of fatty acids, pigments, polar phenolic compounds, tocopherols, squalene, sterols, and triterpenic compounds justify OO health‐promoting properties and increasing demand on its global consumption. OO storage is a critical post‐processing operation that must be optimized to avoid oxidation. Owing to its great commercial value on markets, OO is a target to adulteration with other vegetable oils. In this context, different chemometric tools were developed to deal with this problem. To conclude, increasing demand and consumption of OO on the global market is justified by its unique composition. Challenges such as oxidation and adulteration stand out as the main issues affecting the OO market.
Exosome MiR‐21‐5p Upregulated by HIF‐1α Induces Adipose Stem Cell Differentiation to Promote Ectopic Bone Formation
Authors: Wang Peng , Liu Bo , Song Chunhao , Jia Jun , Wang Yuanhao , Pang Kai , Wang Yitao , Chen Cong
Published: February 2024

Heterotopic bone occurs after burns, trauma and major orthopedic surgery, which cannot be completely cured by current treatments. The development of new treatments requires more in‐depth research into the mechanism of HO. Available evidence suggests that miR‐21‐5p plays an important role in bone formation. However, its mechanism in traumatic HO is still unclear. First, we identified exosomes extracted from L6 cells using TEM observation of the structure and western blotting detection of the surface marker CD63. Regulation effect of HIF‐1α to miR‐21‐5p was confirmed by q‐PCR assay. Then we co‐cultured L6 cells with ASCs and performed alizarin red staining and ALP detection. Overexpression of miR‐21‐5p upregulated BMP4, p‐smad1/5/8, OCN and OPN, which suggests the BMP4‐smad signaling pathway may be involved in miR‐21‐5p regulation of osteogenic differentiation of ASCs. Finally in vivo experiments showed that miR‐21‐5p exosomes promoted ectopic formation in traumatized mice. This study confirms that HIF‐1α could modulate miR‐21‐5p exosomes to promote post‐traumatic ectopic bone formation by inducing ASCs cell differentiation. Our study reveals the mechanisms of miR‐21‐5p in ectopic ossification formation after trauma.
TiO2/Loofah–Halloysite Bio–Hybrid Composites as Efficient Systems for VOCs Removal
Authors: Patamia Vincenzo , Fiorenza Roberto , Zagni Chiara , Agustin‐Salazar Sarai , Scirè Salvatore , Floresta Giuseppe , Rescifina Antonio
Published: February 2024

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), recognized as hazardous air contaminants, prompt the exploration of sustainable air purification methods. Solar photocatalytic oxidation emerges as a promising solution, utilizing semiconductor photocatalysts like titanium dioxide (TiO2). However, the raw material crisis necessitates reduced TiO2 usage, leading to investigations into TiO2 modification techniques. The study introduces a novel approach by employing natural fibers, specifically loofah sponge, as a TiO2 support. This method aims to maintain photocatalytic activity while minimizing TiO2 content. The article explores using halloysite, a natural clay mineral, as a supportive material, enhancing mechanical strength and adsorption properties. The resulting TiO2/loofah–halloysite composites are evaluated for their efficacy in gas‐phase photocatalytic oxidation of toluene and ethanol, chosen as representative VOCs. The conversion of toluene and ethanol on the composite was 88 % and 39 %, respectively, with high selectivity toward CO2. In addition to its high performance, the bio–composite was stable for several conversion cycles, keeping the conversion activity unchanged. The study contributes to developing green hybrid materials for VOC removal, showcasing potential applications across industries.
Two‐Part Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Taste Profile of Novel Belumosudil Oral Suspensions and Assess the Relative Bioavailability and Food Effect of the Selected Belumosudil Oral Suspension Compared With Oral Tablet Reference in Healthy Male Participants
Authors: Schueller Olivier , Regev Galit , Singh Nand , Willson Ashley , Beville Mark , Kanji Nazim , Lohmer Lauren , Patel Jeegar
Published: February 2024

Belumosudil is a selective rho‐associated coiled‐coil‐containing protein kinase 2 inhibitor in clinical use for the treatment of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease. The current tablet formulation may be inappropriate for children or adults with dysphagia and/or upper gastrointestinal manifestations of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease. This study (NCT04735822) assessed the taste and palatability of oral suspensions of belumosudil, evaluated the relative bioavailability of an oral suspension versus the tablet formulation, and characterized the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of an oral suspension. Addition of sweetener and/or flavor vehicle improved the taste. Relative bioavailability of 200‐mg doses of the oral suspension and tablet in the fed state was similar for belumosudil and its metabolites (KD025m1 and KD025m2), but absorption was faster with the oral suspension (median time to maximum concentration: 2 vs 3 hours). Administration of the oral suspension with food increased exposure compared with fasted administration, with maximum observed concentration being increased by 16% and area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration (AUC0‐last) by 19%. Safety and tolerability were consistent with the known safety profile of belumosudil. These results may support administration of a 200‐mg belumosudil oral suspension with or without food.
Mechanistic Insights into the Bacterial Luciferase‐based Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Luminescence: The Role of Protein Complex Dimer
Authors: Luo Yanling , Pi Shuangqi , Liu Ya‐Jun
Published: February 2024

Bacterial bioluminescence holds significant potential in the realm of optical imaging due to the inherent advantages of bioluminescence and ease of operation. However, its practical utility is hindered by its low light intensity. The fusion of bacterial luciferase with a highly fluorescent protein has been demonstrated to significantly enhance autonomous luminescence. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism behind this enhancement remains unclear, and there is a dearth of research investigating the mechanistic aspects of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) luminescence, whether it occurs naturally or can be achieved through experimental means. In this study, we investigated the phenomenon of bacterial luciferase‐based BRET luminescence employing a range of computational techniques, including structural modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, as well as combined quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics calculations. The theoretical findings suggest that the BRET luminescence occurs through resonance energy transfer between the excited bioluminophore and the ground chromophore within the protein complex dimer. The proposed mechanism of the protein complex dimer offers a microscopic understanding of the intriguing BRET phenomenon and has the potential to inspire further practical applications in the field of optical imaging.
Mechanistic Analysis of Urea Electrooxidation Pathways: Key to Rational Catalyst Design
Authors: Medvedev Jury J. , Delva Nyhenflore H. , Klinkova Anna
Published: February 2024

Urea electrolysis is an emerging approach to treating urea‐enriched wastewater and an attractive alternative anodic process to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in electrochemical clean energy conversion and storage technologies (e. g., hydrogen production and CO2 electroreduction). While the thermodynamic potential for urea oxidation to dinitrogen is quite low compared to that of the OER, the catalysts reported to date require high overpotentials that far exceed those for the OER. Consequently, there is much room for improvement and rational catalyst design for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR). At the same time, due to the urea molecule having a more complex structure than water, UOR can lead to the formation of various products beyond the commonly assumed N2 and CO2. This concept article will critically assess recent efforts of the research community to decipher the formation mechanisms of UOR products focusing on the systematic analysis of the reaction selectivity. This work aims to analyze the current state of the art and identify existing gaps, providing an outlook for the future design of UOR catalysts with superior activity and selectivity by applying the knowledge of the molecular transformation mechanisms.
Therapeutic alliance in two forms of guided self‐help for binge eating
Authors: Jenkins Paul E. , Wake Shannon
Published: February 2024

The role of therapeutic alliance within psychological treatments for eating disorders (EDs), including those delivered remotely, is well established. However, few studies have investigated alliance in guided self‐help, a widely recommended first‐line treatment for EDs characterised by regular binge eating. Using data from a randomised controlled trial, the current study examined both facilitator and patient assessments of alliance within e‐mail‐assisted and face‐to‐face guided self‐help and looked at associations between alliance, ED symptoms and ED‐related impairment. One hundred thirteen patients and 11 facilitators completed measures of alliance during and following a course of guided self‐help. Whilst ratings were reliable across patients and facilitators, alliance scores were higher both in the patient sample and in the face‐to‐face condition. Ratings of alliance showed no correlations with ED symptoms at post‐treatment, and early alliance was not significantly associated with outcome, which could inform how early symptom change is encouraged in guided self‐help.
Heteroatom Structural Engineering of Conjugated Porous Polymers Enhances Photocatalytic Nicotinamide Cofactor Regeneration
Authors: Wang Yujie , Yue Xiaoyang , Zhao Hao , Ma Li , Zhou Liya , Liu Yunting , Zheng Xiaobing , He Ying , Liu Guanhua , Jiang Yanjun
Published: February 2024

Photocatalysis is an eco‐friendly method to regenerate nicotinamide (NADH) cofactors, which is essential for biotransformation over oxidoreductases. Organic polymers exhibit high stability, biocompatibility and functional designability as photocatalysts, but still suffering from rapid charge recombination. Herewith the heteroatom structural engineering of donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) conjugated porous polymers were conducted to promote charge transfer and photocatalytic NADH regeneration. The electron delocalization of polymer photocatalysts can be readily tuned by changing the electron density of the donor unit, leading to faster charge separation and better photocatalytic performance. The optimum sulfur‐doped polymer exhibits the highest NADH regeneration yield of 47.4 % in 30 min and 94.1 % in 4 h, which can drive the biocatalytic C=C bond reduction of 2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one by ene‐reductase, giving the corresponding cyclohexanone yield of 96.7 % in 10 h. Moreover, the oxygen‐doped polymer, from biomass derived 2,5‐diformylfuran, exhibits comparable photocatalytic activity to the sulfur‐doped CPP, suggesting the potential of furan as alternative donor unit to thiophene.