bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aqueous synthesis of Li2MnAO4/C (A = Si, Ge) as positive electrode active materials for lithium-ion batteries by acid–base reaction
Authors: Nagata Hiroshi , Akimoto Junji , Kataoka Kunimitsu
Published: October 2023

Li2MnAO4/C (A = Si, Ge) and their solid solutions are successfully synthesized by a simple, economical, and environmentally friendly process.
Ultrathin cobalt phosphate enfolded with biomass-derived multishelled carbon onion as a proficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction and its green sustainability assessments
Authors: Sriram Sundarraj , Vishnu Bakthavachalam , Jayabharathi Jayaraman
Published: October 2023

A new member of the carbon family, carbon onion, is formed by flame pyrolysis. Graphitic hands of carbon onion were shakes with cobalt phosphate by mechanochemically, makes potential electrocatalyst for water oxidation.
Phenoxazine-based COFs for CO2/N2 separation and organic dye adsorption
Authors: Liu Yi-Fan , Yang Lan , Shen Xinyu , Zhao Jie , He Yamin , Zou Ru-Yi
Published: October 2023

CO2 adsorption IAST selectivities of phenoxazine-cored YCOF1 up to 70.97 (237 K) and 30.05 (298 K) under simulated flue gas conditions. High adsorption capacities of 650.14 (YCOF1) and 572.95 (YCOF2) mg g−1 for the dye MG in the aqueous solution.
Nonequilibrium interactions between multi-scale colloids regulate the suspension microstructure and rheology
Authors: Xu Yaxin , Takatori Sho C.
Published: October 2023

Using nonlinear microrheology as a case study, we elucidate a mechanism for how depletant timescales modulate nonequilibrium depletion interactions between colloids in out-of-equilibrium suspensions.
The short gamma-ray burst population in a quasi-universal jet scenario
Authors: Salafia Om Sharan , Ravasio Maria Edvige , Ghirlanda Giancarlo , Mandel Ilya
Published: October 2023

We present a model of the short gamma-ray burst (SGRB) population under a ‘quasi-universal jet’ scenario in which jets can differ somewhat in their on-axis peak prompt emission luminosity, Lc, but share a universal angular luminosity profile, ℓ(θv) = L(θv)/Lc, as a function of the viewing angle, θv. The model was fitted, through a Bayesian hierarchical approach inspired by gravitational wave (GW) population analyses, to three observed SGRB samples simultaneously: the Fermi/GBM sample of SGRBs with spectral information available in the catalogue (367 events); a flux-complete sample of 16 Swift/BAT SGRBs that are also detected by the GBM and have a measured redshift; and a sample of SGRBs with a binary neutron star (BNS) merger counterpart, which only includes GRB 170817A at present. Particular care was put into modelling selection effects. The resulting model, which reproduces the observations, favours a narrow jet ‘core’ with half-opening angle θc = 2.1−1.4+2.4 deg (uncertainties hereon refer to 90% credible intervals from our fiducial ‘full sample’ analysis) whose peak luminosity, as seen on-axis, is distributed as a power law, p(Lc) ∝ Lc−A with A = 3.2−0.4+0.7, above a minimum isotropic-equivalent luminosity, Lc⋆ = 5−2+11 × 1051 erg s−1. For viewing angles larger than θc, the luminosity profile scales as a single power law, l ∝ θv−αL with αL = 4.7−1.4+1.2, with no evidence of a break, despite the model allowing for it. While the model implies an intrinsic ‘Yonetoku’ correlation between L and the peak photon energy, Ep, of the spectral energy distribution, its slope is somewhat shallower, Ep ∝ L0.4 ± 0.2, than the apparent one, and the normalisation is offset towards larger Ep due to selection effects. The implied local rate density of SGRBs (regardless of the viewing angle) is between about one hundred up to several thousand events per cubic gigaparsec per year, in line with the BNS merger rate density inferred from GW observations. Based on the model, we predict 0.2 to 1.3 joint GW+SGRB detections per year by the advanced GW detector network and Fermi/GBM during the O4 observing run.
Homöopathie und Haut
Authors: Grunow Karl
Published: October 2023

Seit mehr als 200 Jahren hat sich die homöopathische Heilmethode weltweit bei der Behandlung von Krankheiten bewährt. Vor allem bei chronischen sowie therapieresistenten Hautkrankheiten zeigt die homöopathische Behandlung Erfolge, was im Beitrag gezeigt wird. Die Fallbeispiele chronischer Hauterkrankungen stellen die praktische Umsetzung der homöopathischen Arbeitsweise vor. Zu Beginn und nach Abschluss der Therapie fanden Videodokumentationen sämtlicher Kasuistiken statt. Den Fällen gemeinsam sind hoher Leidensdruck, geringe Neigung zur Spontanheilung sowie jahrelange schulmedizinische Vorbehandlung. Durch die homöopathische Therapie konnte in allen Fällen ein nicht mehr behandlungsbedürftiger Hautbefund erzielt werden.
Evidenz- und erfahrungsbasierte Phytotherapie bei Erkrankungen der Haut
Authors: Gündling Peter W.
Published: October 2023

Im Gegensatz zu chemisch definierten Substanzen und Arzneimitteln sind Phytotherapeutika und Phytopharmaka Vielstoffgemische, die von der Natur über Jahrmillionen im Einklang mit ihrer Umwelt hervorgebracht wurden. Ihre Inhaltsstoffe dienen somit nicht nur dem Schutz und Gedeihen der Pflanzen selbst, sondern auch dem anderer Lebewesen und Lebensbereiche. Menschen und Tiere haben diese Eigenschaften schon früh wahrgenommen und seit Tausenden von Jahren genutzt. Wesentlicher Vorteil – bei richtiger Anwendung – dieser Vielstoffgemische ist ihre milde und breite Wirksamkeit und dadurch auch gute Verträglichkeit. Als Grenz- und Multifunktionsorgan bedarf die Haut – vielleicht mehr noch als andere Organe – einer ganzheitlichen Betrachtung. Somit sind bei deren Funktionsstörungen und Erkrankung alle Säulen der klassischen Naturheilverfahren von Bedeutung, insbesondere auch die Phytotherapie. Einige neuere und bewährte Erkenntnisse dazu werden nachfolgend anhand dreier klassischer Hautkrankheiten vorgestellt.
Acceptance of Routine Vaccines in Pregnancy during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Perelman Allison D. , Trostle Megan E. , Pecoriello Jillian , Quinn Gwendolyn P. , Roman Ashley S. , Penfield Christina A.
Published: October 2023

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the rates of vaccination against infectious diseases (Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis [Tdap] and influenza) in pregnancy during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic compared to contemporary historical controls.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study comparing rates of Tdap and influenza vaccination in pregnant people who received care at NYU Langone Health and delivered from September 1, 2020, to January 31, 2021 (“COVID cohort”) to the same period the prior year (“2019 cohort”). Demographic information, trimester of initiation of prenatal care, insurance status, and medical comorbidities were evaluated. Outcomes were analyzed using chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and multivariable logistic regression, with significance of p < 0.05.

Results In total, 1,713 pregnant people were included. Compared to historical controls, the COVID cohort differed in age, race, timing of initiation of prenatal care, insurance status, and medical comorbidities. After adjusting for these covariates, pregnant people were significantly more likely to accept influenza vaccine in the COVID cohort (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27–2.29) and had similar Tdap acceptance (aOR 1.5, 95% CI 0.99–2.17). However, this trend was not observed for the entire obstetric population; public insurance status and medical comorbidities were associated with lower vaccine rates during the pandemic. For those who had public insurance, rates of influenza vaccination decreased from 83% in 2019 to 40% during COVID (aOR 0.16, 95% CI 0.10–0.24) and for Tdap rates decreased from 93 to 54% (aOR 0.13, 95% CI 0.08–0.21).

Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic era, pregnant people at large were more likely to accept the influenza vaccine. However, this trend did not apply to Tdap, and high-risk groups with public insurance and medical comorbidities. This study highlights potential disparities in vaccination rates, which need to be accounted for when evaluating national vaccine trends. These data support increased efforts in vaccine counseling for high-risk populations.

Key Points
Risk Factors for Bleeding in Cancer Patients Treated with Conventional Dose Followed by Low-Dose Apixaban for Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Hussaini Parwana , Larsen Trine-Lise , Ghanima Waleed , Dahm Anders Erik Astrup
Published: October 2023

Background Incidence of and risk factors for bleeding in cancer patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) treated with apixaban are poorly described.

Methods We analyzed data from the prospective CAP study where 298 cancer patients with any type of VTE received 5 mg apixaban twice daily for 6 months, and then 2.5 mg apixaban twice daily for 30 months. For most analyses, major bleedings and clinically relevant nonmajor bleedings were merged to “clinically relevant bleedings.” Risk factors were estimated by odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results The incidence of clinically relevant bleedings was 38% per person-year during the first 6 months of treatment, 21% per person-year from 7 to 12 months, and between 4 and 8% per person-year from 13 to 36 months. Clinically relevant bleedings were associated with age above 74 years (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.0–4.1), body mass index (BMI) below 21.7 (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1–4.8), and hemoglobin at baseline below 10.5 for females (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1–7.3) and 11.1 for males (OR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.3–8.4) during the first 6 months. Gastrointestinal (GI) or urogenital cancer was not associated with clinically relevant bleedings compared with other cancers. Among patients with luminal GI cancer, nonresected cancer had increased risk of bleeding (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.0–11.6) compared with resected GI cancer.

Conclusion There were very few bleedings while patients were on low-dose apixaban. Factors associated with bleeding in patients treated with full-dose apixaban were high age, low BMI, and low hemoglobin, and probably nonresected luminal GI cancer.
Minimally Invasive Microsurgery for Cerebral Contusions
Authors: Faleiro Rodrigo Moreira , Moraes Vítor Vieira de Souza , Belo João Tiago Alves , Ribeiro Thales Francisco , Greco Chiara Menezes , Rossi Vitor Bernardes
Published: October 2023

Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the main causes of death and neurological sequelae worldwide. Injuries are classified as diffuse (diffuse axonal injury and brain swelling) or focal (cerebral contusion [CCo], epidural hematoma, and acute subdural hematoma). Among all TBIs, CCos are the most frequent focal lesion, and treatment modalities are many. Hematoma evacuation using large craniotomies has been well described in the literature. The main goal of the present study is to discuss the advantages of minimally invasive approaches for the treatment of CCos, regarding operative time, blood loss, and postoperative tomographic results.

Methods An integrative literature review was conducted on the SciELO, LILACS, and PubMed databases. Seven case reports were included in the present study. Retrospective data collection was performed, analyzing gender, age, Glasgow coma scale score on hospital admission, surgical approach, and postoperative (tomographic) results.

Results The minimally invasive keyhole approach was used in seven patients with CCos. The supraorbital approach (n = 5) was performed for frontal lobe contusions, and the minipterional approach (n = 2) was performed for temporal lobe contusions. All cases had adequate hematoma evacuation, confirmed by postoperative computed tomography scans.

Conclusion The minimally invasive approaches were effective for hematoma evacuation, with adequate clinical and radiological postoperative results.
Scheuermann's Disease
Authors: Kaur Simranjeet , Lalam Radhesh
Published: October 2023

Scheuermann's disease is a rigid progressive kyphosis occurring in late childhood to adolescence. It is the most common cause of sagittal imbalance and angular progressive kyphosis in adolescents associated with back pain. The exact etiology of the disease is unclear, but it is characterized by defective growth of the end plate that may result from excessive mechanical stress on a weakened end plate during spinal growth. Several other theories have been proposed, and it is thought to be a multifactorial disease occurring as a result of the interplay of multiple factors. The radiographic features consist of anterior vertebral body wedging, irregular end plates, Schmorl's nodes, and intervertebral disk degeneration. The natural history and evolution of this disease is also unknown. Conservative management with physiotherapy, rehabilitation, and bracing is the first line of treatment. Mechanical bracing helps prevent further progression of the kyphotic deformity. Surgery is mostly indicated in patients with failure of conservative management, with neurologic compromise, and for cosmetic reasons.
Fluorescence of Esthetic Resin Composites: Spectrophotometry and Photography Analysis Techniques
Authors: Cruz Joana , Eira Raquel , Coito Catarina , Sousa Bernardo , Cavalheiro Alexandre
Published: October 2023

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluorescence of nine esthetic resin composite materials using two methods: spectrophotometry and photography analysis.

Materials and Methods Three specimens were made for each shade of resin composite (61 shades from 9 resin composites), for a total of 183 specimens. To obtain a control group, the crowns of three sound human incisors were prepared to obtain both enamel and dentin specimens. Fluorescence was measured using two methods: (1) a Spectroshade Micro fluorescence spectrophotometer (MHT Optic Research, Niederhasli, Switzerland) and (2) a photograph analysis using Adobe Photoshop CC software (version 2019.0.0, Adobe Systems, Inc.).

Statistical Analysis The results were statistically analyzed with an analysis of variance (α = 0.05) and with the Tukey–Kramer adjustment. The correlation between two techniques was analyzed by Pearson correlation test (α = 0.05).

Results Fluorescence was highly influenced by the brand of the resin composite and less influenced by the shade (chroma), except for opaquer and incisal shades, and there was almost no difference in opacity, except for incisal shades. There was a weak (r = −0.105) and statistically not significant correlation (p = 0.145) between photography analysis and spectrophotometry techniques.

Conclusion The fluorescence of esthetic resin composites is more dependent on the brand than on the shade or opacity.
Profile of Neuromuscular Disorders: Neurology Clinic, Tripoli Children Hospital
Authors: Eshrif Seham , Alghareeri Suhaylah , BenAmer Fatma , Elsheikh Sondos
Published: October 2023

Objective Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) are any diseases affecting the lower motor neuron (anterior horn cell, peripheral nerve, and neuromuscular junction) or muscle, all of which are components of motor unit. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, demographic, and genetic profile of children diagnosed with different NMDs.

Materials and Methods Descriptive case series study where clinical records for children with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) how presented to the outpatient Neurology Clinic at Tripoli Children Hospital in the period from January 2015 to the date of data collection May 2023 have been reviewed to obtain the relevant information which include demographic data, parental consanguinity, family history of affected other members, diagnostic groups within NMDs used were spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and its subtypes, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) and any other NMDs, genetic testing results, ambulatory state at the time of data collection, age at death if occurred, mode of treatment (steroid for patients with diagnosis of DMD, oral Risdiplam/IV Zolgensma/intrathecal Spinraza for patients with SMA) and Genetic testing results and the eligibility to spesfic exon skipping therapy for DMD patients.

Results The study revealed 53 patients with NMDs, which represent 3.8% of all neurological disorders. Of these, 32 (60.4%) were males and 21 (39.6%) were females. Patient ages ranged between 2 months and 20 years (mean = 10 years). SMA and DMD are more common than the other disorders. 77.4% of patients were have positive consanguinity and 66% are have family history. 54.7% of patients still have ability to walk independently. Four (7.5%) patients were died three of them were have diagnosis of SMA type 1 and they died before age of 18 months and the fourth who has diagnosis of SMA type 3 was die at age of 12 years.

Conclusion Although neuromuscular disorders are rare as individual disease entities, as a group they are not. The retrospective study presented here could form the backbone of a future Libyan neuromuscular registry, which is necessary with many novel NMD therapies in pipeline.
Second sound resonators and tweezers as vorticity or velocity probes: Fabrication, model, and method
Authors: Woillez Eric , Valentin Jérôme , Roche Philippe-E.
Published: October 2023

An analytical model of open-cavity second sound resonators is presented and validated against simulations and experiments in superfluid helium using a new resonator design that achieves unprecedented resolution. The model incorporates diffraction, geometrical misalignments, and flow through the cavity and is validated using cavities operated up to their 20th resonance in superfluid helium. An important finding is that resonators can be optimized to selectively sense either the quantum vortex density carried by the throughflow—as typically done in the literature—or the mean velocity of the throughflow. We propose two velocity probing methods: one that takes advantage of misalignments between the tweezers’ plates and other that drives the resonator non-linearly, beyond a threshold that results in the self-sustainment of a vortex tangle within the cavity. A new mathematical treatment of the resonant signal is proposed to adequately filter out parasitic signals, such as temperature and pressure drift, and accurately separate the quantum vorticity signal. This elliptic method consists in a geometrical projection of the resonance in the inverse complex plane. Its effectiveness is demonstrated over a wide range of operating conditions. The resonator model and elliptic method are being utilized to characterize a new design of resonators with high resolution, thanks to miniaturization and design optimization. These second-sound tweezers are capable of providing time-space resolved information similar to classical local probes in turbulence, down to sub-millimeter and sub-millisecond scales. The principle, design, and microfabrication of second sound tweezers are being presented, along with their potential for exploring quantum turbulence.
Investigating the effects of operating parameters on the performance of sorption-enhanced membrane reactor for ethanol steam reforming reaction using computational fluid dynamics method
Authors: Zeynali Rahman , Khalili Seyede Sara , Pezeshki Zahra , Akbari Mona , Soleymani Hosna , Samimi-Sohrforozani Ehsan , Safaei Babak
Published: October 2023

In this study, the performance of a sorption-enhanced membrane reactor (SEMR) was examined using a Pd-Ag membrane during ethanol steam reforming (ESR). During this study, simultaneous ESR and CO2 adsorption concept was adopted and computational fluids dynamic (CFD) method (two-dimensional model) was developed to evaluate the SEMR performance during ESR reaction. The employed CFD model for the present study provided information about the molar fractions and pressures of components to analyze driving forces under unsteady state condition. Regarding validation, the experimental data related to the membrane reactor (MR) during ESR reaction showed good agreement with modeling outcomes and the application of adsorption reaction improved MR performance. The SEMR performance was investigated after model validation, and during this step, SEMR and MR were compared. Moreover, the effects of main operating parameters, such as gas hour space velocity (GHSV), reaction pressure, and temperature, were studied to compare the SEMR and MR performance during C2H5OH conversion and hydrogen recovery. CFD modeling results showed that SEMR had better performance and increased the ethanol conversion about 20% (SEMR: 70% and MR: 59%) by temperature enhancement at low pressures compared with the conventional membrane reactor. The relative error between numerical and experimental data obtained was 3% in this study.
Effects of porosity and cyclic deformation on phase transformation of porous nanocrystalline NiTi shape memory alloy: An atomistic simulation
Authors: Liu Bingfei , Wang Yuyang , Wu Wenping
Published: October 2023

Utilizing molecular dynamics simulation, this study aims to explore the phase transformation behavior of porous nanocrystalline (NC) NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) when subjected to cyclic deformation. The influences of porosity and cyclic deformation on the phase transformation of NC NiTi SMAs are examined and discussed. The simulation results show that the increase in the porosity and number of cycles leads to a decrease in both the critical phase transformation stress and peak stress whereas an increase in the residual martensite, phase boundary, and interstitial atoms; the related results can be supported by previous experiments. After cyclic deformation, the reduction in the potential energy for the entire system during the tensile phase occurs at an earlier stage, indicating that the martensitic transformation occurs earlier as the number of cycles increases. Notably, the dissipated energy demonstrates a decrease with an increasing number of cycles, and the potential energy during the austenite elastic unloading stage undergoes a transition from a decreasing to an increasing trend due to the presence of residual martensite increasing with the number of cycles.
Symmetry and scaling in one-dimensional compressible two-phase flow
Authors: Minich R. W. , Quint D. A. , Herbold E. B. , Bober D. B. , Kumar Mukul
Published: October 2023

Investigations of shock compression of heterogeneous materials often focus on the shock front width and overall profile. The number of experiments required to fully characterize the dynamic response of a material often belie the structure–property relationships governing these aspects of a shock wave. Recent observations measured a pronounced shock-front width on the order of 10 s of ns in particulate composites. Here, we focus on particulate composites with disparate densities and investigate whether the mechanical interactions between the phases are adequate to describe this emergent behavior. The analysis proceeds with a general Mie–Grüneisen equation of state for the matrix material, a general drag force law with general power-law scaling for the particle-matrix coupling of the phases, and a volume fraction-dependent viscosity. Lie group analysis is applied to one-dimensional hydrodynamic flow equations for the self-consistent interaction of particles embedded in a matrix material. The particle phase is characterized by a particle size and volume fraction. The Lie group analysis results in self-similar solutions reflecting the symmetries of the flow. The symmetries lead to well-defined scaling laws, which may be used to characterize the propagation of shock waves in particle composites. An example of the derived scaling laws for shock attenuation and rise time is shown for experimental data on shock-driven tungsten-loaded polymers. A key result of the Lie analysis is that there is a relationship between the exponents characterizing the form of the drag force and the exponent characterizing the shock velocity and its attenuation in a particulate composite. Comparison to recent experiments results in a single exponent that corresponds to a conventional drag force.
Simulation of droplet entrainment in annular flow with a morphology adaptive multifield two-fluid model
Authors: Wang Li-Song , Krull Benjamin , Lucas Dirk , Meller Richard , Schlegel Fabian , Tekavčič Matej , Xu Jing-Yu
Published: October 2023

Modeling of annular flow with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is challenging as one has to consider several, rather different, phenomena simultaneously: the continuous liquid film, continuous gas core, and dispersed droplets. A morphology-adaptive multifield two-fluid model (MultiMorph) developed by Meller et al. [“Basic verification of a numerical framework applied to a morphology adaptive multifield two-fluid model considering bubble motions,” Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 93(3), 748–773 (2021)], with three numerical phase fields, is well suited to simulate such multiple flow structures. Droplet formation plays an important role in annular flow, and a new droplet entrainment model is proposed, expressed as a phase morphology transfer term from the continuous liquid film to dispersed droplets phase field. The new model is developed based on the shear-off entrainment mechanism on the interfacial wave, implying that the droplet formation is dominated by the balance between the shear forces and the surface tension forces at the gas–liquid interface. In contrast to the existing entrainment models, the new model considers the flow parameters locally at the interface, and it is suitable for phase-resolving CFD frameworks without input of global parameters such as a pipe diameter. The proposed model is implemented in the MultiMorph framework based on the OpenFOAM Foundation release open-source CFD library. The performance of the new model is evaluated by conducting own annular flow experiments with void fraction measurements using electrical resistance tomography, as well as with comparison to published models from the literature. Qualitatively, the model can adequately resolve the formation of interfacial waves on the liquid film downstream from the inlet. The simulated droplets are primarily generated at the tip of such waves, which is consistent with the physical understanding and experimental observations of droplet entrainment. Quantitatively, the modeled entrained droplet fraction matches well the experimental observation in the developing entrainment region. The liquid film fraction obtained with the new model is analyzed and compared with the experimental data. Good agreement between measured and simulated statistics of the liquid film fraction, i.e., the mean, standard deviation, probability density function, and power spectral density, is demonstrated.
Influence of hemisphere disturbance on laminar boundary layer at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Zhang Jinhao , Shi Lijuan , Tang Zhanqi , Ma Xingyu , Jiang Nan
Published: October 2023

We experimentally investigate the two-dimensional flow characteristics caused by hemisphere disturbance in the laminar boundary layer, with the aim of analyzing the periodic vortex structures generated by the hemisphere at different freestream velocities. For flow fields with Reynolds numbers of ReD= 1919, 2386, and 2819, instantaneous snapshots of the streamwise–wall-normal plane and streamwise–spanwise plane are acquired by time-resolved particle image velocimetry. The velocity distribution near the hemisphere model in the laminar flow state and the conditions for the generation of periodic structures are discussed. Strong shear occurs in the dense area of velocity contours, including a stable horizontal shear layer and inclined shear layer of shedding vortex structures, and the Reynolds shear stress attains a local maximum. The feasibility of three frequency extraction methods for hemisphere disturbance is also compared, and the periodic structures corresponding to each frequency are analyzed in detail. At higher values of ReD, the disordered flow field is formed by a multi-frequency superposition. Spatial two-point cross correlation analysis, which can be regarded as a flow visualization of frequency spectrum analysis, illustrates that the correlation and periodicity of the coherent structures are strongest in the inclined shear layer. Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition appears to be more effective in capturing periodic information about the streamwise–spanwise plane of the hemisphere disturbance. The three frequency extraction methods show that with an increase in ReD gradually transforms the periodic vortex structures from a single frequency state to a multi-frequency superposition state.
Cryogenic reconfigurable logic with superconducting heater cryotron: Enhancing area efficiency and enabling camouflaged processors
Authors: Alam Shamiul , Rampini Dana S. , Oripov Bakhrom G. , McCaughan Adam N. , Aziz Ahmedullah
Published: October 2023

Superconducting electronics are among the most promising alternatives to conventional CMOS technology, thanks to the ultra-fast speed and ultra-high energy efficiency of the superconducting devices. Having a cryogenic control processor is also a crucial requirement for scaling the existing quantum computers up to thousands of qubits. Despite showing outstanding speed and energy efficiency, Josephson junction-based circuits suffer from several challenges such as flux trapping leading to limited scalability, difficulty in driving high impedances, and so on. Three-terminal cryotron devices have been proposed to solve these issues, which can drive high impedances (>100 kΩ) and are free from any flux trapping issue. In this work, we develop a reconfigurable logic circuit using a heater cryotron (hTron). In conventional approaches, the number of devices to perform a logic operation typically increases with the number of inputs. However, here, we demonstrate a single hTron device-based logic circuit that can be reconfigured to perform 1-input copy and NOT, 2-input AND and OR, and 3-input majority logic operations by choosing suitable biasing conditions. Consequently, we can perform any processing task with a much smaller number of devices. Also, since we can perform different logic operations with the same circuit (same layout), we can develop a camouflaged system where all the logic gates will have the same layout. Therefore, this proposed circuit will ensure enhanced hardware security against reverse engineering attacks.
Rheology of sheared polyhedral granular materials in inclined flows
Authors: Hao Jiahui , Guo Yu
Published: October 2023

An investigation of frictional, Platonic solid-shaped particle flows on inclined planes is performed using the discrete element method, and the effects of particle angular shape on rheological properties are analyzed. Higher shear stresses at a specified depth of particle bed are obtained for more angular particles. As particle angularity increases, rapid surges in the coordination number and solid-phase stresses occur at a smaller critical solid volume fraction. The friction and dilatancy laws of polyhedral particle flows are significantly different from those of spherical particle flows, due to particle angularity. Nevertheless, by applying a specific rolling friction to the spherical particles, their rheological properties can match those of the polyhedral particles, indicating that the angular particle shape plays a similar role to the rolling friction in preventing particle rotation. Thus, the flows of spherical particles with a rolling friction incorporated can be used to mimic the flows of angular polyhedral particles. At last, a scaling law is adopted to describe rheological relations for various polyhedral particles based on a bulk friction coefficient, a dimensionless granular temperature, and an inertial number.
Insight into pH-controlled bubble dynamics on a Pt electrode during electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Lu Xinlong , Nie Tengfei , Li Xiaoping , Jing Li , Zhang Yiming , Ma Lijing , Jing Dengwei
Published: October 2023

Bubbles adhering to the electrode surface are the major factors causing the decreased efficiency of water electrolysis. In this work, the dynamic behaviors of oxygen bubbles on vertical platinum sheet electrodes were investigated by a high-speed camera and their corresponding current densities were measured simultaneously using an electrochemical workstation. The impact of wide range of electrolyte pH values (i.e., 1–13) on both the bubble nucleation number and the dynamics behaviors of bubbles was investigated under different applied voltages. When the applied voltage was increased from 1.6 to 1.7 V vs the saturated calomel electrode, the radius of bubbles upon detachment increased in acidic environments (pH = 1–7) and decreased in alkaline environments (pH = 7–13). In an alkaline environment, the Marangoni force plays an essential role here. Furthermore, the bubble detachment radius predicted by the force balance model is well matched with our experimental results. Our results demonstrate that bubble detachment is not favorable in a strongly acidic environment, whereas oxygen bubbles exhibit rapid detachment from the electrode surface in a strongly alkaline environment.
Gathering the evidence: health and aged care carbon inventory study
Authors: Desmond Sharon , Smith Jenny , Hogg Jessica , Walton-Hespe Jo , Gardner-Marlin Jo
Published: October 2023

Objective This study aimed to calculate the baseline carbon inventory of Mercy Health, a provider of health and aged care services in Australia, across emission Scopes 1, 2 and 3. The carbon inventory has clarified the baseline environmental impact, identified carbon hotspots and will inform emissions reduction interventions and a decarbonisation trajectory. Methods A hybrid carbon footprinting methodology was devised. Established carbon footprinting standards provided methodological guidance. A consulting firm with health service carbon accounting experience provided expertise, rigour and objectivity to the work. Results In the 2020–21 financial year, the carbon footprint of Mercy Health was 102.96k tCO2-e. Scope 1 emissions accounted for 11.07% (11.40k tCO2-e), followed by Scope 2 with 29.80% (30.68k tCO2-e) and Scope 3 with 59.13% (60.88k tCO2-e). The largest carbon impost group was Building energy (42.01%; 43.25k tCO2-e), followed by Food and catering (9.42%; 9.70k tCO2-e) and Business services (7.74%; 7.97k tCO2-e). Mercy Health’s Health Services, Aged Care and Support Services divisions contributed 49.16, 47.81 and 3.03% (50.61k, 49.23k and 3.12k tCO2-e) of total greenhouse gas emissions respectively. Conclusions Mercy Health’s Health Services division and Aged Care division each comprised around half of total organisation carbon emissions. Building energy dominated emissions, particularly electricity. The study discovered meaningful differences in the composition of carbon emissions in operational divisions of the organisation, indicating tailored interventions will be required to meet carbon abatement targets. The study demonstrates the benefit of conducting carbon footprinting within individual organisations, and the importance of studies within the Australian context.
An observation of mating in free-living spotted-tailed quolls (Dasyurus maculatus gracilis)
Authors: Burnett S. E.
Published: October 2023

Mating by a pair of wild spotted-tailed quolls was captured in a series of still images on a motion camera at the Windsor Tableland, far north Queensland. Typical of dasyurids, the mating was prolonged (5.75 h), although shorter than that usually described for captive quolls. Surprisingly, mating commenced shortly before dawn, and continued into mid-morning in an exposed location on the rainforest floor. The mating resulted in a distinctive, cleared circular area on the forest floor, similar to that described in captive situations. This may be a useful, if short-lived trace, for identifying the presence of mating quolls.
Shaking off the blow: plant adjustments during submergence and post-stress growth in Lotus forage species
Authors: Buraschi Florencia B. , Mollard Federico P. O. , Di Bella Carla E. , Grimoldi Agustín A. , Striker Gustavo G.
Published: October 2023

Flooding significantly hampers global forage production. In flood-prone regions, Lotus tenuis and Lotus corniculatus are common forage legumes, yet little is known about their responses to partial or complete submergence. To address this, we evaluated 10 Lotus accessions subjected to 11 days of either partial or complete submergence, analysing growth traits related to tolerance and recovery after de-submergence. Principal component analyses revealed that submergence associated growth parameters were linked to L. corniculatus accessions, whereas recovery was associated with L. tenuis accessions. Notably, in L. tenuis, recovery from complete submergence positively correlated with leaf mass fraction but negatively with root mass fraction, showing an opposite pattern than in L. corniculatus. Encouragingly, no trade-off was found between inherent growth capacity and submergence tolerance (both partial and complete) or recovery ability, suggesting genetic selection for increased tolerance would not compromise growth potential. L. tenuis exhibited accessions with both partial and complete submergence tolerance, making them versatile for flood-prone environments, whereas L. corniculatus accessions were better suited for partial submergence. These findings offer valuable insights to enhance forage production in flood-prone areas and guide the selection of appropriate Lotus accessions for specific flood conditions.
Interactions of non-intersecting oblique lines of fire burning in surface fuels in a combustion wind tunnel with and without wind
Authors: Sullivan Andrew L. , Swedosh William
Published: October 2023

Background High-intensity wildfires are often characterised by the interaction of multiple coalescing fires. Previously, results of investigation of obliquely intersecting lines of fire in a ‘V’ configuration in dry eucalypt forest litter were reported. Aim This article reports on investigation of the behaviour of separated non-intersecting lines of fire in the absence and presence of wind. Methods Experiments in the CSIRO Pyrotron combustion wind tunnel investigated interactions of lines of fire of 800 and 1500 mm lengths located at incident angles of 30° and 45° and separated at the closest point by 150 mm. Key results The behaviour of separated fires in wind was fundamentally different to that of fires burning in no wind and previous non-separated fires, sustaining separation for some time and distance before merging. Conclusions Although all fires showed evidence of interactions, the strength of interaction was greater in larger fires with more energetic flames, suggesting a key influence of the magnitude and rate of release and transfer of heat to unburnt fuels. Implications Future research should focus on quantifying contributions of aspects such as fuel combustibility and bulk density that contribute to and determine the convecto–radiative interactions of fires so such behaviour can be predicted a priori.
The lack of negative association between TE load and subgenome dominance in synthesized
Brassica
allotetraploids
Authors: Zhang Kang , Zhang Lingkui , Cui Yinan , Yang Yinqing , Wu Jian , Liang Jianli , Li Xing , Zhang Xin , Zhang Yiyue , Guo Zhongwei , Zhang Lei , Chen Shumin , Ruan Jue , Freeling Michael , Wang Xiaowu , Cheng Feng
Published: October 2023

Polyploidization is important to the evolution of plants. Subgenome dominance is a distinct phenomenon associated with most allopolyploids. A gene on the dominant subgenome tends to express to higher RNA levels in all organs as compared to the expression of its syntenic paralogue (homoeolog). The mechanism that underlies the formation of subgenome dominance remains unknown, but there is evidence for the involvement of transposon/DNA methylation density differences nearby the genes of parents as being causal. The subgenome with lower density of transposon and methylation near genes is positively associated with subgenome dominance. Here, we generated eight generations of allotetraploid progenies from the merging of parental genomes
Brassica rapa
and
Brassica oleracea
. We found that transposon/methylation density differ near genes between the parental (
rapa
:
oleracea
) existed in the wide hybrid, persisted in the neotetraploids (the synthetic
Brassica napus
), but these neotetraploids expressed no expected subgenome dominance. This absence of
B. rapa
vs.
B. oleracea
subgenome dominance is particularly significant because, while there is no negative relationship between transposon/methylation level and subgenome dominance in the neotetraploids, the more ancient parental subgenomes for all
Brassica
did show differences in transposon/methylation densities near genes and did express, in the same samples of cells, biased gene expression diagnostic of subgenome dominance. We conclude that subgenome differences in methylated transposon near genes are not sufficient to initiate the biased gene expressions defining subgenome dominance. Our result was unexpected, and we suggest a “nuclear chimera” model to explain our data.
The entrenchment of semi-schematic time constructions by German foreign
language learners of Swedish
Authors: Olofsson Joel , Prentice Julia
Published: October 2023

This chapter investigates the entrenchment of semi-schematic time
constructions by a group of foreign language learners of Swedish. Results
from a phrasal decision experiment with 30 German speaking learners of
Swedish show that the learners of Swedish process these constructions
significantly slower, compared to an L1 control group, and also recognize
them as time expressions to a lesser extent. Additionally, we conduct an
explorative corpus study to shed some light on the role of previously
acquired languages for the entrenchment of the investigated constructions.
The results from the comparison of the Swedish and German corpora show no
clear indication of cross-linguistic differences in usage that might explain
the L2 participants’ behavior, but rather some interesting similarities,
which we discuss in relation to the experimental findings.
Minimizers as negative reinforcers in Norwegian
Authors: Vindenes Urd
Published: October 2023

This chapter presents a corpus-based investigation of Norwegian
negative-with-minimizer constructions (e.g. ikke forstå en
tøddel ‘not understand an umlaut’). The results from collexeme
analyses suggest that even though many minimizers are strongly associated
with a small set of verbs, indicating high idiomaticity, the combination of
these minimizers with semantically mismatching verbs (e.g. ikke bry
seg en tøddel ‘not care an umlaut’) is also used. There is no
obvious evidence for pragmatic ambiguity in many of these cases, and it is
argued that the context expansion and grammaticalization of some negative
reinforcers in Norwegian (e.g., en døyt ‘a duit’) is due to
the pragmatic effect of the semantic mismatch, and that this usage is
motivated by the maxim of extravagance.
Crosslinguistic influence in L3 acquisition
Authors: Mitrofanova Natalia , Leivada Evelina , Westergaard Marit
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the role of lexical vs structural similarity in L3 acquisition. We designed a mini-artificial language learning task where the novel L3 was lexically based on Norwegian but included a property that was present in Russian and Greek yet absent in Norwegian (grammatical case). The participants were Norwegian-Russian and Norwegian-Greek bilinguals as well as a group of Norwegian L1 speakers. All participants also knew some English. The morphological expression of the L3 target property was more like Russian than Greek in that case was marked on the noun itself, not on articles. The results of our study indicate that previous experience with a language that is structurally like the L3 (Russian) is facilitative, even when the L3 lexically resembles a language that lacks this grammatical property (Norwegian). Our results suggest overt that the morphological expression of the target property also plays a role: previous experience with Greek that marks the target contrast on determiners did not seem to be facilitative at early stages of acquisition. Overall, our results are in line with models of L3/Ln acquisition which assume that both previously acquired languages influence the development of the L3 and that structural, morphological and lexical similarity play a role.
Cultural Identity and Tourism Awareness of Rímac Residents
Authors: Granda Milagros , Carrillo Brendali
Published: October 2023

Rímac, World Heritage City, houses important monuments from pre-Inca, colonial, and republican times, of great attraction for tourism. However, there are indications that the elements that comprise Rímac’s cultural heritage are little recognized and valued by their residents, thus, making them less willing to participate in its conservation and use for tourism purposes. For this reason, this study aimed to explore the cultural identity and tourist awareness of the residents of Rímac through in-depth interviews, where 30 youngsters participated. Participants showed little knowledge about the cultural heritage of Rímac and its tourist potential, but they reported feeling proud to live there because Rímac holds their most cherished childhood memories and family values. Results support the importance of analyzing the memories and emotions that connect residents with their city’s cultural heritage and ultimately influence their willingness to preserve it and support the tourism activity in their district. Future research could explore the role of sport and religion as part of the residents’ cultural identity and their potential for tourism.

Information

© The Authors 2023
Exploring the Case: Cultural Identity and Tourism Awareness of Rímac Residents
Authors: Granda Milagros , Carrillo Brendali
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Rímac is a World Heritage City located in Peru with over 400 years of history and a rich cultural heritage. Many of Rímac’s cultural sites are gathering places for locals and tourists. However, there is evidence to suggest that the residents of Rímac have little knowledge of their cultural heritage and its tourism value.
Adaptive Spectral Inversion for inverse medium problems
Authors: Gleichmann Yannik G , Grote Marcus J
Published: October 2023

A nonlinear optimization method is proposed for the solution of inverse medium problems with spatially varying properties. To avoid the prohibitively large number of unknown control variables resulting from standard grid-based representations, the misfit is instead minimized in a small subspace spanned by the first few eigenfunctions of a judicious elliptic operator, which itself depends on the previous iteration. By repeatedly adapting both the dimension and the basis of the search space, regularization is inherently incorporated at each iteration without the need for extra Tikhonov penalization. Convergence is proved under an angle condition, which is included into the resulting Adaptive Spectral Inversion (ASI) algorithm. The ASI approach compares favorably to standard grid-based inversion using L
2-Tikhonov regularization when applied to an elliptic inverse problem. The improved accuracy resulting from the newly included angle condition is further demonstrated via numerical experiments from time-dependent inverse scattering problems.