bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of tetravalent coryza vaccine against the challenge of Avibacterium paragallinarum serovars A and B isolates from Indonesia in chickens
Authors: Wahyuni Agnesia Endang Tri Hastuti , Ramandani Dhasia , Prakasita Vinsa Cantya , Widyarini Sitarina
Published: July 2019

Aim: Infectious coryza is caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum. In Indonesia, this infection results in a 10%-40% decrease in egg production by laying hens. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of tetravalent coryza vaccine contained A. paragallinarum bacterin serovars A, B, C2, and C3; strain A-221, B-Spross, C2-Modesto, and C-3-Akko in layers based on antibody titer and clinical signs using a post-challenge test. Materials and Methods: Forty four-week-old Lohmanns strain chickens were used in this study. Forty chickens were divided into four groups for serological and challenge test: Group 1 (unvaccinated and challenged by A. paragallinarum serovar A), Group 2 (unvaccinated and challenged by A. paragallinarum serovar B), Group 3 (vaccinated and challenged by A. paragallinarum serovar A), and Group 4 (vaccinated and challenged by A. paragallinarum serovar B). Vaccination was done using the tetravalent vaccine in oil-emulsion adjuvant contained A. paragallinarum bacterin serovars A, B, C2, and C3; strain A-221, B-Spross, C2-Modesto, and C-3-Akko. Vaccination was performed at day 1 and booster was done at day 14. Blood serum was collected on days 0, 14, and 28 for the hemagglutination-hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The challenge test was given at day 29 through intranasal administration using A. paragallinarum serovars A-L2447 and B-L1710 approximately 6×108 CFU/mL. Clinical signs were observed for 14 days post-infection. At the end of the study, chickens were euthanized, and pathological features of the infraorbital sinus, facial skin, and trachea were recorded. Results: Data analysis of antibody titers and pathological changes was performed descriptively, while clinical symptom scores were analyzed non-parametrically with the Mann–Whitney U-test using SPSS version 21. At days 14 and 28 post-vaccination, the antibody titer in Group 3 was 5 HI and 20 HI, respectively. However, the antibody titers in Group 4 at 28 days post-vaccination were 0 HI. Clinical observations, the vaccinated groups that were challenged with A. paragallinarum serovars A and B showed clinical symptoms on days 4 and 6 post-infection, namely mild unilateral facial edema and severe bilateral facial edema, respectively. Clinical signs in Groups 3 and 4 were less severe than in Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Pathological examination findings supported clinical observations and serological testing. Conclusion: Tetravalent coryza vaccine in chickens has efficacy to protect against the challenge test of A. paragallinarum serovars A and B isolated from Indonesia.
The Effect of Environmental Performance, Firm Size, and Profi tability on Environmental Disclosure
Authors: Adriana Jane , Uswati Dewi Nurul Hasanah
Published: July 2019

These studies aims to examine and analyze the effect of environmental performance, fi rm size, and profi tability on environmental disclosure in mining companies, participating in PROPER Program and are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) period 2012-2015. This study is an explanatory study using quantitative approach. The sample consists of 52 respondents from 13 companies x 4 (period 2012-2015). There were 4 outlier data obtained, therefore the final sample used is 48 selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed using a classical assumption test and multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that environmental performance and fi rm size have positive effect on environmental disclosure, while profi tability has no effect on environmental disclosure. This study has limitations on the number of samples, because there are still many companies that have not participated in the PROPER program. It can be implied that this study illustrates that the companies to be more concerned about the environment. Therefore, it is recommended that further research use more research samples.
The effect of audit tenure, audit rotation, accounting firm size, and clientâ€™s company size on audit quality
Authors: Priyanti Desi Frida , Uswati Dewi Nurul Hasanah
Published: July 2019

This study aimed to examine the effect of audit tenure, audit rotation, public accounting firm size, and clientâ€™s company size on audit quality. Audit quality in this study is peroxided by earnings quality which is measured by the level of discretionary accruals of modified jones model, while audit tenure is measured by counting the year in which the same auditors have made work engagement with the auditee. Audit rotation and public accounting firm size are measured by using dummy variable, while clientâ€™s company size is measured by using the growth of total assets. The population in this study consists of public companies, especially the telecommunications and retail sectors service companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2012-2017. Sampling technique used is purposive sampling method. The total of the sample is 30 companies. After data observation, there are 73 samples included as outlier and should be excluded from samples of observation. So, the final data used are 107 data. Multiple linear regressions analysis is used as analysis technique. The empirical results of this study show that audit tenure and public accounting firm size have no effect on audit quality; audit rotation has negative and significant effect on audit quality; and clientâ€™s company size has positive and significant effecton audit quality.
Humanidad Ciborg
Authors: Núñez Partido Juan Pedro
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo señala los problemas que a nivel psicológico se vislumbran en torno a lo que se conoce como transhumanismo o post humanismo. El futuro de los humanos ciborg con cerebros asistidos por dispositivos de Inteligencia Artificial (I.A.) podría traer algunas consecuencias indeseables. Si atendemos a cómo nos afecta la interacción con los dispositivos y aplicaciones que el mercado actual de I.A. pone a nuestra disposición, muchas de estas consecuencias parecen inevitables. También se señalan otros aspectos que nos preocupan y cuya evolución es más incierta, así como algunas de las consecuencias sociales previsibles.
La apreciación semántica de la noción desafíos en bioética por alumnos universitarios del campo de las Ciencias Biológicas
Authors: Cantú-Martínez Pedro César
Published: July 2019

El estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la representación que tienen estudiantes universitarios del área de ciencias biológicas sobre el concepto de los desafíos en bioética. Es un estudio exploratorio, en el que se utilizó la técnica de redes semánticas naturales. La muestra fue por conveniencia y consistió en 64 participantes. Los hallazgos más significativos indican que los retos más relevantes se distribuyen en la dimensión social donde encontramos a los “derechos humanos”, “reproducción humana”, “salud”, “investigación”, “atención médica” e “igualdad”. En la dimensión de lo ambiental hallamos las nociones de “medio ambiente” y “contaminación”. Mientras en la económica localizamos los términos de “alimentos transgénicos” y “producción de alimentos”. La palabra con mayor peso semántico fue “derechos humanos”. Se encontró una correlación significativa entre las menciones y el valor M. Existe una similitud del 31% entre los términos seleccionados entre las participantes del género femenino y masculino.
¿Es ético el veganismo?
Authors: Álvarez Díaz Jorge Alberto
Published: July 2019

Se ha propuesto que una alternativa ética para la alimentación es el veganismo. Los conocimientos recientes sobre neurobiología vegetal muestran que las plantas tienen flujos electroquímicos de información que permiten suponer que tienen actividades complejas tales como memoria, aprendizaje, inteligencia, conductas sociales, etc. Estas consideraciones pueden llevar a pensar que las plantas tengan dignidad y derechos, lo que podría llevar a la parálisis de la acción de los seres humanos, o bien, reflexionar que las plantas tienen valor y merecen algunas reflexiones morales. Dichas reflexiones deberían hacernos pensar formas éticas de alimentarnos.
Surface Chemical Analysis of Sulfur Black 1 Dyed Cotton Fabric Aftertreated with Cationic Fixing Agents
Authors: Mohtashim Quratulain , Rigout Muriel
Published: July 2019

In this study, the relative effect of aftertreatments with two fixing agents (A and B) on the washfastness of C.I. Sulfur Black 1 dyed cotton fabric was evaluated using ISO 105-C09. The surface chemistry of untreated and aftertreated sulfur dyed cotton fabrics were studied by using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The N(1s) XPS spectrum of fixing agent A aftertreated fabric showed the concentration of uncharged and quaternary nitrogen species, while fixing agent B portrayed only uncharged nitrogen. Fixing agent A improved the washfastness of the dyed fabric to a greater extent than fixing agent B, owing to the presence of the quaternary nitrogen species. Improvement in the resistance to oxidation of the dye during domestic laundering was observed.
Alkyl Alcohols as Defoamers to Remove Foam Generated by Partially Alcoholyzed Polyvinyl Alcohol for Warp Sizing
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Zhu Zhifeng
Published: July 2019

Alkyl alcohols were evaluated as defoamers to eliminate the foam produced by partially alcoholyzed polyvinyl alcohol (PAPVA) according to their defoaming ability and actual influence on adhesion to fibers, film properties, and desizability. The alcohols considered included 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, 1-decanol, isooctyl alcohol, and 2-octanol. The impact of alkyl alcohols on defoaming performance was examined and an acceptable dose of 1-octanol was determined. Results showed that defoaming ability, adhesion to fibers, and film behaviors depended on the alkyl group and dose of alcohols used. Straight alcohols were superior to the branched ones tested in defoaming ability and properties. Generally, 1-octanol was the best defoamer of the selected alcohols. Excessive increases in alkyl length and dose induced poor defoaming and damaged the adhesion and film behaviors.
Detecting Silver in Silver-Enabled Textiles by a Newly-Developed Portable Device
Authors: Dudás Tünde , Kovács Teodóra Nagyné , Szilágyi Imre Miklós , Mester Ferenc
Published: July 2019

In the production of silver-enabled textiles, the amount of silver in the produced textile is always important. The goal of the present study is to develop a simple device that can directly detect silver instead of using destructive tests and calculations. The instrument developed by our group is simple, easy to use, and portable. It gives a voltage response corresponding to the silver content. To show its capabilities, a correlation is presented between the measured voltage and the relative amount of metal (i.e., silver) on silver-enabled textiles after several washing and electrolysis steps. The results of scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) measurements are also presented as a reference for the silver determinations.
PENDETEKSI KETINGGIAN LEVEL AIR DENGAN TAMPILAN LCD BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER ATMEGA 8 SERTA LED BUZZER DAN SEVEN SEGMENT SEBAGAI PERINGATAN DINI KENAIKAN AIR PASANG (ROB) BERBASIS PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER CP1E-E40DR-A
Authors: Rahardjo Rizal Fauzan Adi , Winarno Heru
Published: July 2019

Rizal Fauzan Adi Rahardjo, Heru Winarno, in paper water level detection based atmega 8 microcontroller with lcd display, led, buzzer and seven segment as early warning of post water (rob) increase based CP1E-E40DR-A programmable logic controller explain that as a result of the overflow of the tidal sea water in rural areas sriwulan sayung District of Demak , the tidal water easily entered into the residential area , which can be fatal if not in further tackle. Tidal flood has become commonplace in the area Sriwulan Sayung District of Demak . However , the longer the tidal flood is troubling and very disturbing society . So I took the initiative to create a miniature tidal flood prevention . Height of the water level of a river that flows directly into the sea will be detected by the sensor. The sensors will send data to the PLC and will be displayed by the seven segment . Further increase in the water level of the river will also affect the water level in the ditch homes residents . Height of the ditch water level is detected by the sensor which will send data to the PLC and then displayed by seven segment LCD and previously through the microcontroller atmega 8. The maximum height of the water level gutter will be marked with berbunyinya buzzer and LED life. Keywords : Sensor , Seven Segment , Microcontroller Atmega 8 , LCD , LED, buzzer.
PEMROGRAMAN SISTEM PENGAMAN RUMAH OTOMATIS YANG TERHUBUNG DENGAN TELEPON SELULER BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ATMEGA8 DAN ATMEGA162
Authors: Pratama Donny , Subali Subali
Published: July 2019

Donny Pratama, Subali, in paper programming of auto home security system connected to mobile phone based on microcontroller ATMEGA8 and ATMEGA162 explain that in modernization era, almost all using automation tools, both in industrial, office, especially at home. Especially with the advance of age more unemployment also exist. With so many unemployed crime was more rampant. Therefore, the security of the home and its contents is very necessary for every homeowner. Especially when the house in a discharged condition or homeowners are doing activities outside the home. Home security system that uses a microcontroller-based mobile phone as a medium of information is a tool that is needed in every home. Where this system in any room in the home will attach several sensors are used to monitor the condition of the house. The sensors used include PIR sensor (Passive Infra - Red) to detect motion, gas sensors to detect a gas leak and also uses a temperature sensor to determine the temperature of the room. All these sensors are programmed according to the function of each tool. And as a basic programming language used compiler (Bascom) to support the work of all the sensors. For sensor work will then be processed by a microcontroller which will then be sent the information to a cell phone via a modem homeowners. Keyword : home security systems, mobile telephone, microcontroller, ATMEGA8, ATMega162
STUDI KUAT TEKAN BETON DENGAN AGREGAT KASAR DARI BATU KAPUR
Authors: Hartono Hartono
Published: July 2019

Hartono, in this paper explain that to obtain the allowed characteristic compressive strength of concrete from a concrete construction is quite difficult , because it is influenced by the mix of materials used for the manufacture of the construction, in which the require material of the concrete mix had to be in accordance with Reinforced Concrete Indonesia Rule Year 1991. The main factor of mix material that affect permitted the compressive strength of concrete is aggregate characteristics, namely the coarse aggregate or crushed stone. Therefore this study is intended to determine the compressive strength of concrete with the characteristics of coarse aggregate material of crushed stone that comes from limestone. This research use Gresik PC mixture concrete, muntilan sand, and kricak of limestone. To determine concrete compressive characteristics strength of concrete, concrete specimen as many as 20 pieces, with mixed-use PC weight ratio of 1 : 2 Ps : 3, cube molded kricak with the size of 15 cm X 15 cm X 15 cm was made. From these results, it can be obtained that concrete compressive characteristic strength σ 1 bk = 215.41 kg / cm2. Keyword: Concrete construction
YODISASI GARAM RAKYAT DENGAN SISTEM SCREW INJECTION
Authors: Hartati Retno , Supriyo Edy , Zainuri Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Retno Hartati, Edy Supriyo, Muhammad Zainuri, in this paper explain that many salt industry is currently undergoing a inefficiencies process in the production system. Declining quality of salt from the salt ponds and lack of homogeneity in the iodine content of salt briquettes and much KIO3 wasted. So it is necessary to increase the iodine levels in salt. This activity aims to design, create and test a iodized salt machine with a capacity of 1-2 tons per hour and perform quality control on products. Community service activities have been successfully implemented by creating iodized salt machine. The process is done by means of iodized salt machine in the salt product becomes higher and meet ISO standards, in which prior to iodized salt machine the content of KIO3 is 0 ppm and become 50 ppm after using KIO3. Keywords : yodization, salt,screw, injection
Analisis Metafora Pada Idiom Bahasa Jepang Yang Berunsur Mushi ‘Serangga’
Authors: Fitriana Rizki Maghfiroh , Trahutami Sri Wahyu Istana
Published: July 2019

(Title: Metaphorical Analysis of Japanese Idioms Containing Insect Elements) This research Metaphor analysis for Japanese idiom formed from the word insect. This research aims to describe the lexical and idiomatical meaning in Japanese idiom formed from the word insect and explains the metaphor contained in these idioms. The data in this research is taken from the Reikai Kanyouku Jiten idiom dictionary, 101 Japanese idioms, and website www.weblio.jp. The data is collected using the referring method with competent involvement and note-taking technique. Furthermore, the extralingual equivalent method is used to analyze the structure and type of metaphor. While the informal method is used to present the results of data analysis. Based on the data analysis, it was concluded that overall Japanese idioms that use the word insect have a negative meaning. In addition, most idioms show that insects are very influential animals in the lives of Japanese people.
Joko Widodo Dalam Bingkai Harian Umum Republika
Authors: Suharyo Suharyo
Published: July 2019

This study aims to describe how the daily Republika frames President Joko Widodo. To disclose, simak method followed by noting technique – as described by Sudarjanto (1993) – will be used, while the framing model by Pan Kossicki will be used for the analysis. As a result, President Joko Widodo is positively framed through (a) a syntactic structure that includes the title diction he chooses, leads, backgrounds, source uses, and positive news cover; (B) structure of the script making full use of the 5W 1H element, (3) the thematic structure seen through President Joko Widodo's message which is packed with a polite diction, such as "the student should focus more on the more productive use of energy, such as"; And (4) rhetorical structure seen through the photo placement of Joko Widodo increasingly clarify the message that wants to be delivered by Jokowi
Spatial Analysis of New Testament Textual Emendations Utilizing Confusion Distances
Authors: van Altena Vincent , Krans Jan , Bakker Henk , Dukai Balázs , Stoter Jantien
Published: July 2019

Before the interpretation of any text can start, the original wording of the text itself must be critically established. Conventionally, this is done following qualitative criteria. This article, however, explores the application of spatial analyses to New Testament textual criticism by demonstrating how the Levenshtein edit distance could be adapted to calculate confusion distances for variant readings in New Testament manuscripts, i.e. the possibility that a (combination of) letter(s) is confused by another (combination of) letter(s). Subsequently the outcomes are translated to Euclidian space using classical Multi-Dimensional Scaling, which enables visualisation and spatial analyses (in this case not related to geographical space). The article focuses on the data preparation and algorithm to make the data suitable for spatial analyses, thus providing the New Testament textual critic with new analytical tools.
Embedded, not Plugged-In: Digital Humanities and Fair Participation in Systematic Theological Research
Authors: Robinson Matthew Ryan
Published: July 2019

The article examines the disparity in use of digital humanities tools and resources among the theological disciplines, highlighting the question of why systematic theology has struggled to follow the digital turn. The author argues that issues of fairness in access and use of digital resources in knowledge production constitute an important set of concerns for systematic theologians in considering appropriate uses of the digital in their research. The article suggests that there are indeed reasons for methodological innovation in systematic theology in reaction to the digital revolution in humanities research – not, however, toward more plugged-in methods but toward methods embedded in life with the poor, underrepresented, and excluded. Three principles for a methodological “reboot” in systematic theology are given, which offer directions for further research as well as material for debate.
Living in the Existential Margins: Reflections on the Relationship Between Philosophy and Theology
Authors: Simmons J. Aaron
Published: July 2019

In this essay, I outline my view of an epistemic distinction between philosophy and theology along the lines of different evidential authorities operating in the two disciplines. I then go on to suggest that this epistemic view allows for a recognition of different discursive loyalties. In distinction from what I term “Plantinga-type” views, I contend that my broadly postmodern Thomistic account is preferable because of the way in which it better reflects the existential reality of a plurality of loyalties in our lived existence. In this way, I offer a defense of an existential relationship of philosophy to theology that serves as increased warrant for the epistemic account.
Financial model of investments to fixed assets
Authors: Beniušytė Erika , Zonienė Aurelija
Published: July 2019

The analysis of the investments to fixed assets revealed that there is no common system in evaluation of investments to fixed assets. The financial model of investments to fixed assets is recommended. The model consists of these stages: 1) the need determination of investments in fixed assets; 2) financing sources selection of the investments in fixed assets; 3) the calculation of financial benefits of the investments in fixed assets; 4) risk identification of the investment in fixed assets; 5) decision making.
Model of evaluation of enterprise risk management
Authors: Mackevičius Jonas , Giriūnas Lukas
Published: July 2019

It should be noted that in this article the enterprise‘s activity risk management and evaluation problem is defined. The risk classification is defined in these criteries: coming way, effect, activity‘s area, time, probability of result, probability of management, importance and misuses.

The model of evaluation of enterprise risk management is recommended. The model consists of these stages of risk management and evaluation: 1) identification of enterprise activity internals, 2) identification of risk determinants, 3) risk identification, 4) evaluation of risk level, 5) evaluation of risk consequence, 6) system of risk management tools, 7) evaluation of costs of risk management, 8) choice of strategy of risk management, 9) evaluation of results.
Effort of Medan Mayor in Realizing Clean Government (Study About the Practice of Administration in Medan City To Prevent and Acts Criminal Actors of Corruption)
Authors: Sibarani Sabungan
Published: July 2019

The efforts of Mayor of Medan in creating a clean government in Medan City Government isto promote the rules and policies that have made the central government and implementedby the city government of Medan conditions include (a) the fact Integrity, (b) e-purchasing,(c) e-government, (d) reward (reward) and punishment (punishment), (e) unqualified (WTP)and the Procurement Services Unit (ULP). The role of the Mayor of Medan to prevent andtake action against perpetrators of corruption in the city government of Medan are (a) facingthe principle of transparency in carrying out the functions and duties of office to preventcorrupt practices, (b) make an early warning program of prevention of corruption, (c) andnine steps to eradicate corruption. That support wider community both from the communityorganizations, businesses, and students are needed.
Reposisi Strukturalisme, Semantik, Semiotik, dan Hermeneutik Pada Metodologi Tafsir Alquran Dalam Dimensi Filsafat Ilmu
Authors: Tamrin Abu
Published: July 2019

Abstract:The Koran is the revelation of Allah SWT given to the Prophet Muhammad as a miracle. The study of interpretive methodology is said to be born in Islamic intellectual thought. It is proven after the interpretation has developed, while the new methodology gets the position as the object of study. In the discussion of the style of interpretation and its schools there are eleven groups that interpret the Qur'an. While the interpretation style can be explained in the field: Fiqhy Interpretation (legal style), Philosophical Interpretation (philosophical interpretation), Ilmy Interpretation (scientific interpretation), Tarbawy Interpretation (educational interpretation), Akhlaqi Interpretation (moral interpretation), Tafsir I'tiqady (interpretation of theology) , and interpretation of Sufy (tasawuf interpretation). As for the development of interpretation methodology it can look like; The period of the Prophet Muhammad, the mutaqaddimin period, the final period, and contemporary methods. Some methods of interpretation and style of interpretation: Tafsir al-Tahlili (analytical descriptive), Ijmali interpretation (global interpretation), Muqaran interpretation (comparative interpretation), and interpretation of Maudhu'i. In this paper the Qur'anic interpretation methodology discusses structuralism, semantics, semiotics and hermeneutics. In addition to the final discussion on the methodological study of several commentators, namely: Imam Sufyan al-Tsauri, Imam al-Sulami and Syankani Imam. The paper ends with a closing.Keywords: Method of interpretation, history of development, methodology of interpretation AbstrakAlquran merupakan wahyu Allah Swt yang diberikan kepada Nabi Muhammad sebagai mukjizat. Kajian tentang metodologi tafsir dikatakan baru lahir dalam pemikiran intelektual Islam. Terbukti setelah tafsir mengalami perkembangan, sementara metodologi baru mendapat posisi sebagai objek kajian. Dalam pembahasan corak tafsir dan aliran-alirannya terdapat sebelas golongan yang menafsirkan Alquran. Sedang corak tafsir dapat dijelaskan perbidang: Tafsir Fiqhy (corak hukum), Tafsir Falsafi (tafsir filsafat), Tafsir Ilmy (tafsir ilmiah), Tafsir Tarbawy (tafsir pendidikan), Tafsir Akhlaqi (tafsir akhlak), Tafsir I’tiqady (tafsir teologi), dan Tafsir Sufy (tafsir tasawuf). Akan halnya perkembangan metodologi tafsir dapat terlihat seperti; Periode Nabi Muhammad, periode mutaqaddimin, periode mutaakhirin, dan metode kontemporer. Beberapa metode tafsir dan corak penafsiran: Tafsir al-Tahlili (deskriptif analitis), tafsir Ijmali (tafsir global), tafsir Muqaran (tafsir perbandingan), dan tafsir Maudhu’i. Dalam makalah ini dibahas metodologi tafsir Alquran tentang strukturalisme, semantik, semiotik, dan hermeneutik. Selain pembahasan akhir pada kajian metodologi  beberapa ahli tafsir yaitu: Imam Sufyan al-Tsauri, Imam al-Sulami dan Imam Syankani. Makalah diakhiri dengan penutup.Kata kunci: Metode tafsir, sejarah perkembangan, metodologi tafsir
EFECTO AGUDO DE LAS BEBIDAS ENERGÉTICAS EN EL RENDIMIENTO ANAERÓBICO: UN METAANÁLISIS
Authors: Arias Oviedo Gabriela María , Castillo Hernández Isaura , Jiménez Díaz Judith
Published: July 2019

El consumo de bebidas energéticas (BE) ha ido incrementando tanto en estudiantes y personas activas como en deportistas, esto por posible efecto ergogénico. Dichas bebidas contienen, además de calorías, cafeína en combinación con otros ingredientes como taurina, carnitina y vitaminas del complejo B. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto agudo de la ingesta de BE en el rendimiento físico anaeróbico, por medio de la técnica de metaanálisis. La metodología consistió en realizar una búsqueda en cinco bases de datos: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Springer Link, ProQuest y Science Direct. Se seleccionaron los estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad: experimentales, en los que se midiera el rendimiento anaeróbico y donde se suministrara una BE, realizados en seres humanos, que presentaran la estadística descriptiva y estuviesen publicados en idioma español o inglés. Como resultados se incluyeron 15 estudios que generaron 37 tamaños de efecto (TE) y un total de 253 sujetos (hombres y mujeres; 21,7±3,7 años). Bajo el modelo de efectos aleatorios y un diseño entre grupos se obtuvo un TE global de 0.123 (p = 0.009; IC95% = 0.01 a 0.23; Q = 19.5; p= 0.98; I2 = 0.00%). No se encontró ninguna relación o diferencia en las variables moderadoras. En conclusión, el TE global indica que hay diferencia significativa entre consumir BE o placebo para pruebas anaeróbicas específicas de saltos.
DIMENSI SOSIAL DALAM PELAYANAN ASPIRASI MASYARAKAT DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH JAWA BARAT
Authors: Anwar Rully Khairul , Sjoraida, Diah Fatma
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini membahas kinerja dewan perwakilan rakyat daerah dalam melayani penyaluran aspirasi masyarakat di Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk mendapatkan setting alamiah di mana ada banyak perilaku dan peristiwa yang terjadi. Penelitian ini juga menggali struktur, regulasi dan prosedur kelembagaan yang bisa memiliki dampak yang signifikan pada penyaluran aspirasi oleh masyarakat. Studi ini menemukan bahwa dalam rangka untuk melaksanakan fungsi mereka sebagai wakil-wakil terpilih, para anggota dewan provinsi selalu menyediakan diri mereka untuk melayani masyarakat. Dari segi dimensi sosial, semua layanan dilakukan dalam banyak cara yang merepresentasikan rakyat itu sendiri. Meski begitu, sebagian orang masih meragukan signifikansi cara-cara tersebut bagi perkembangan kondisi demokratis. Karena ketika di kantor DPRD, pihak penyalur suara rakyat hanya berhadapan dengan pihak secretariat DPRD, terutama bagian Hubungan Masyarakat dan Protokol.
Development of conceptual principles of the circular economy
Authors: Sedikova I.
Published: July 2019

High growth rates of natural resources consumption in recent years, pollution of the environment contribute to the development of theories regarding the future provision of natural resources on the Earth. Thepurpose of the article is to study the concept of sustainable development and the need for its introductioninto economic activity, definition of ideas influencing the modern concept of the circular economy. The concept of stable development and circular economy is analyzed, common features and differences are defined.It has been established that the circular economy is a prerequisite and driver of the fourth industrial revolution. The basis of the circular economy are closed supply chains. They combine the usual processes of adirect supply chain with reverse logistics processes, ranging from product recovery, disassembly and reuseof individual parts.
Current state and prospects for development of stock exchange in globalization conditions
Authors: Nikoliuk O. , Krusir T.
Published: July 2019

In the classical form, the stock exchange is an organized by professional participants, constantly operating wholesaler of the best securities, with special trading principles, admission procedures to securitiestrading and brokers. Historically, stock exchanges have become, in a sense, the peculiar locomotives of thesecurities market, and their role in the development of economic relations is quite significant. Today, thereare more than 200 stock exchanges with different levels of capitalization around the world. The activities ofsuch financial institutions have an impact on the intensity of economic processes throughout the market. Inparticular, the stock exchange provides optimal conditions for the circulation of securities and acts as a reg ulator of prices for them. Despite the large number of financial regulators operating in all countries of theworld, only some of them have saved and increased the capacity of their economic potential. The level oftheir capitalization exceeds 1 trillion and equals 87% of the global market.This article proposes consideration of the methodology for analyzing the existence of a dependencebetween the direction of the exchange and the economy. The features and problems, historical aspects ofdevelopment of world stock exchanges have been determined. The comparative analysis of ten largest worldstock exchanges, the rating of which is based on stock indices and data of the total turnover of trades, hasbeen conducted. The dynamics of stock indexes of the investigated exchanges for 2015-2018 has been considered.
Проблеми формування депозитної бази комерційних банків України
Authors: Тарасова О. В.
Published: July 2019

У статті досліджуються проблеми формування банківських ресурсів, відновлення і нарощеннядепозитної бази комерційних банків, яка відіграє надзвичайно важливу роль у розвитку економіки. Об-ґрунтовано роль депозитного ринку у забезпеченні стабільного економічного зростання. Розглянутосутність депозитних операцій та класифікацію депозитів за різними ознаками. Проаналізовано тенде-нції у формуванні депозитної бази комерційних банків України та диспропорції у сфері залучення бан-ківських ресурсів. Основними проблемами банківської системи є скорочення вкладів населення, знач-на девальвація гривні, збитковість великої кількості банківських установ. Сформульовані завдання,вирішення яких дозволить оптимізувати депозитну політику банків, повернути довіру населення добанківських установ та стимулюватиме до заощаджень.
Influence of the features of the unsaturated zone on the air injection method in a slope
Authors: Xie Wei , Sun Hongyue , Wei Zhenlei , Shang Yuequan , Yan Xin
Published: July 2019

The drainage of groundwater is essential to slope stabilisation in both potential and existing landslides. Air injection is a new method for slope drainage that aims to control rapid rises in the groundwater level by creating an artificial unsaturated zone with low permeability. The interception ratio, reflecting the effectiveness of the air injection method in intercepting groundwater, is defined in this paper and the effects of the length and hydraulic conductivity of the unsaturated zone on the interception ratio are studied through theoretical analysis, physical tests and numerical simulations. The results show that, in the initial stage, the interception ratio increases quickly with an increase in the length of the unsaturated zone. The interception ratio then gradually stabilises, with the stable value depending on the decrease in hydraulic conductivity of the unsaturated zone. The findings reported in this paper are important for improving the design of the air injection method.
Evaluation of one-dimensional seismic site response due to liquefiable sub-layer
Authors: Adampira Mohammad , Derakhshandi Mehdi , Ghalandarzadeh Abbas , Koupaei Hossein Javaheri
Published: July 2019

Although seismic site response is affected by liquefiable soil, the issue is complex and there are few comprehensive studies in this area. It is rare for seismic codes to consider attenuation or amplification of seismic waves due to the presence of liquefied sub-layers. In the research reported in this paper, the seismic behaviour of liquefiable sub-layers and their effect on seismic ground response were evaluated. The initial patterns of seismic response along the height of a soil profile containing a liquefiable sub-layer were extracted using physical modelling and shaking table tests. Afterwards, a series of one-dimensional effective stress numerical models was employed to verify the results and the seismic amplification patterns were processed. The roles of liquefiable sub-layers are discussed from different perspectives as they relate to attenuation or amplification of the seismic ground response at the surface. Overall, the experimental and numerical studies showed that the liquefaction of sub-layers, in addition to the usual settlement, can effectively attenuate the intensity of seismic waves and reduce earthquake-induced force.
Kinematic dilation during the hydraulic stimulation of pre-fractured rocks
Authors: Roshankhah S. , Cruz L. G. , Shin H. , Lizcano A. , Santamarina J. C.
Published: July 2019

A single planar fracture geometry dominates the process of hydraulic fracturing in homogeneous, isotropic and cohesive materials. However, this fracture geometry cannot explain the high recovery efficiency observed in shale gas and enhanced geothermal energy. Experimental and numerical studies reported here demonstrate that pre-fractured, structured reservoirs experience extensive geometric distortion and dilation around the main opening-mode discontinuity generated by high-pressure fluid injection. This kinematic dilation may decrease at high confining stresses because blocks deform and split. Parameters such as the dominant fracture set orientation, block size and slenderness and blocks overlap length characterise a pre-structured medium and determine its deformation pattern and hydromechanical behaviour. Kinematically controlled dilational distortion greatly improves fluid conductivity in the pre-structured medium. A sixth-power relationship is anticipated between the enhanced hydraulic conductivity and the roundness of the main opening.
Prediction of vertical bearing capacity of waveform micropile
Authors: Jang Y.-E. , Kim B. , Wang C. , Han J.-T.
Published: July 2019

This study proposes a predictive equation for bearing capacity considering the behaviour characteristics of a waveform micropile that can enhance the bearing capacity of a conventional micropile. The bearing capacity of the waveform micropile was analysed by a three-dimensional numerical model with soil and pile conditions obtained from the field and centrifuge tests. The load-transfer mechanism of the waveform micropile was revealed by the numerical analyses, and a new predictive equation for the bearing capacity was proposed. The bearing capacities of the waveform micropile calculated by the new equation were comparable with those measured from the field and centrifuge tests. This validated a prediction potential of the new equation for bearing capacity of waveform micropiles.
Probabilistic stability analyses of layered excavated slopes
Authors: Zhu D. , Griffiths D. V. , Fenton G. A.
Published: July 2019

The random finite-element method (RFEM) is employed to study the effect of vertical spatial soil variability on the stability of layered excavated slopes. Particular emphasis of the paper is on the critical or ‘worst-case’ vertical spatial correlation length, at which the probability of slope failure reaches a maximum. The RFEM results indicate that layered slopes with a relatively low mean factor of safety or a relatively high coefficient of variation of soil strength are most likely to display the ‘worst-case’ phenomenon. The ‘worst-case’ phenomenon is explained by observing the failure mechanisms in layered soils where the critical spatial correlation length optimises the number of horizontal paths of weaker soil available for the mechanism to pass through.
Micro-scale characterisation of clay at elevated temperatures
Authors: Goodman C. C. , Vahedifard F.
Published: July 2019

The main objective of this study is to use a suite of micro-scale tests to characterise the temperature effects on high plasticity clay. The unheated clay was examined using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry to characterise the mineralogy, morphology and the elemental composition of natural soil. The clay was then cured under various temperatures ranging from 23 to 1000°C. The characteristics of heated clay were then evaluated using FESEM, cation-exchange capacity (CEC) tests, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyser. The results show minimal changes in soil fabric with increased temperature. However, specific surface area and CEC are shown to significantly decrease with temperatures beyond 100°C. TGA results can provide an insight into the drops of BET surface area and CEC. Depending on the range of temperature applied, the changes can be attributed to the temperature effects on the clay microstructure, loss of capillary and adsorbed water and organic matter, and the clay mineral's interaction with the displacement cation or nitrogen. The observed trends are used to discuss possible implications on the hydro-mechanical properties of soil such as the soil–water-retention curve, shear strength and volume change.
Digital system information model: future-proofing asset information in LNG plants
Authors: Love Peter E. D. , Zhou Jingyang , Matthews Jane , Locatelli Giorgio
Published: July 2019

Rework during construction is often required due to errors and omissions contained in the engineering documentation that is produced. If errors and omissions go undetected, they may become embedded within the ‘as-built’ documents that are provided to an asset owner at practical completion. In the specific case of instrumentation and control systems (ICSs), errors and omissions are often found in as-builts. This adversely impacts productivity and safety during the operations and maintenance process, as information is not readily available. In the case of liquefied natural gas (LNG) plants, for example, shutdown periods may have to be extended, which can jeopardise the production and supply of gas and therefore place a strain on energy markets. The research presented in this paper aims to address this issue by proposing a novel digital system information model which can be used to improve the robustness of an LNG operator’s asset information management system. The creation of a digital model provides a platform for future-proofing LNG assets and minimising the duration of shutdown periods. The research provides the LNG sector with an innovative solution for digitising their ICSs so that assets can efficiently and effectively be maintained and operated.
Erythrocyte Adenosine A2B Receptor-Mediated AMPK Activation: A Missing Component Counteracting CKD by Promoting Oxygen Delivery
Authors: Peng Zhangzhe , Luo Renna , Xie Tingting , Zhang Weiru , Liu Hong , Wang Wei , Tao Lijian , Kellems Rodney E. , Xia Yang
Published: July 2019

Significance Statement

Oxygen deprivation or hypoxia drives CKD and contributes to end organ damage. The erythrocyte’s role in delivery of oxygen (O2) is regulated by hypoxia, but the effects of CKD are unknown. The authors use untargeted metabolomics to show that 2,3-BPG, an erythrocyte-specific metabolite that triggers O2 release, increases in a mouse model of CKD. Mouse genetic and human studies revealed that increased erythrocyte 2,3-BPG production and O2 release mediated by the ADORA2B-AMPK signaling cascade counteracts CKD. Enhancing AMPK activation in mice promotes 2,3-BPG production and O2 release, reducing kidney hypoxia and CKD progression. More study is needed to determine if therapies boosting 2,3-BPG production and O2 delivery slow CKD progression.

Background

Oxygen deprivation or hypoxia in the kidney drives CKD and contributes to end organ damage. The erythrocyte’s role in delivery of oxygen (O2) is regulated by hypoxia, but the effects of CKD are unknown.

Methods

We screened all of the metabolites in the whole blood of mice infused with angiotensin II (Ang II) at 140 ng/kg per minute up to 14 days to simulate CKD and compared their metabolites with those from untreated mice. Mice lacking a receptor on their erythrocytes called ADORA2B, which increases O2 delivery, and patients with CKD were studied to assess the role of ADORA2B-mediated O2 delivery in CKD.

Results

Untargeted metabolomics showed increased production of 2,3-biphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG), an erythrocyte-specific metabolite promoting O2 delivery, in mice given Ang II to induce CKD. Genetic studies in mice revealed that erythrocyte ADORA2B signaling leads to AMPK-stimulated activation of BPG mutase, promoting 2,3-BPG production and O2 delivery to counteract kidney hypoxia, tissue damage, and disease progression in Ang II–induced CKD. Enhancing AMPK activation in mice offset kidney hypoxia by triggering 2,3-BPG production and O2 delivery. Patients with CKD had higher 2,3-BPG levels, AMPK activity, and O2 delivery in their erythrocytes compared with controls. Changes were proportional to disease severity, suggesting a protective effect.

Conclusions

Mouse and human evidence reveals that ADORA2B-AMPK signaling cascade–induced 2,3-BPG production promotes O2 delivery by erythrocytes to counteract kidney hypoxia and progression of CKD. These findings pave a way to novel therapeutic avenues in CKD targeting this pathway.
Kiğı Piltan (Pilten) Bey Camisi.
Authors: Uzun Celalettin , UĞURLU Yaşar
Published: July 2019

Bugün

Bingöl ilinin Kiğı ilçesinde bulunan camisi Akkoyunlu döneminde Pilten Bey

tarafından inşa ettirilm­iştir. Adını banisinden alan yapı Balaban Camisi

olarak da bilinmektedir. Osmanlı döneminde şehir halkına hizmet veren cami,

kaza merkezinde bulunan en büyük ibadethane olma özelliğini taşımaktadır. Bu

sebep­ten adı arşiv belgelerinde Câmi-i Kebîr olarak zikredilmektedir.

Bu

çalışmada bu kadim yapının Osmanlı dönemindeki işleyişi hakkında bilgi

verilmiştir. Bu çerçevede mimari özelliklerine değinilmiş ve doğal afetler

sebebiyle tarihi süreç içerinde geçirdiği onarımlardan bahsedilmiştir. Ayrıca

çalışmada camideki görevliler ve bunların aldıkları ücretler ile cami vakfına

tahsis edilen gelirler hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Böylece Osmanlı döneminde

Piltan Bey Camisi ve vakfının tarihsel süreci her yönüyle incelenmiş ve

müessesenin sosyal hayattaki rolü üzerinde durulmuştur.

Bugün

varlığını sürdürerek bölgedeki halka hizmet veren ibadethane 2017 yılında

aslına uygun bir şekil­de restore edilmek istenmiştir. Fakat yapılan bu

yenileme çalışmasının caminin tarihi dokusuna uygun olmadığı görülmektedir.
Meta-analysis of Determinants of Medical Tourism Choice: Focusing on Korea Medical Tourism Research
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Jo Seong-Chan , Ryu Ga-Yeon , Cha Jae-Bin
Published: July 2019

he purpose of this study is to investigate the present status and direction of the research through a comprehensive review of research on determinants of medical tourism in Korea. The integrated impact of medical tourism determinants on behavior intention and recommendation intention was statistically significant. As a result of detailed analysis of effect size, the planned behavior factors, benefit, service quality, and country image influenced behavioral intentions. Country image, service quality, perceived risk, and benefit were found to influence the choice intention. In addition, country image, service quality, and benefit were used as a common medical tourism determinant of behavior intention, choice intention, revisit intention and recommendation intention. Planned behavior factors were used only as a leading factor of behavior intention. These results are worthy of the first study that attempted a comprehensive review and exploratory approach to the results of the hypotheses presented in individual studies of medical tourism. It can be used as a basic data for establishing the direction of research on determinants of medical tourism in the future.