bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chest computed tomography scan findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Karimian Mohammad , Azami Milad
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Numerous cases of pneumonia caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were reported in Wuhan, China. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan is highly important in the diagnosis and follow-up of lung disease treatment. The present meta-analysis was performed to evaluate chest CT scan findings in COVID-19 patients.

Material and methods

All research steps were taken according to the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies In Epidemiology (MOOSE) protocol and the final report was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We registered this review at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42019127858).

Results

Forty eligible studies including 4598 patients with COVID-19 were used for meta-analysis. The rate of posi­tive chest CT scan in patients with COVID-19 was 94.5% (95% CI: 91.7-96.3). Bilateral lung involvement, pure ground-glass opacity (GGO), mixed (GGO pulse consolidation or reticular), consolidation, reticular, and presence of nodule findings in chest CT scan of COVID-19 pneumonia patients were respectively estimated to be 79.1% (95% CI: 70.8-85.5), 64.9% (95% CI: 54.1-74.4), 49.2% (95% CI: 35.7-62.8), 30.3% (95% CI: 19.6-43.6), 17.0% (95% CI: 3.9-50.9) and 16.6% (95% CI: 13.6-20.2). The distribution of lung lesions in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was peripheral (70.0% [95% CI: 57.8-79.9]), central (3.9% [95% CI: 1.4-10.6]), and peripheral and central (31.1% [95% CI: 19.5-45.8]). The pulmonary lobes most commonly involved were the right lower lobe (86.5% [95% CI: 57.7-96.8]) and left lower lobe (81.0% [95% CI: 50.5-94.7]).

Conclusions

The most important outcomes in chest CT scan of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were bilateral lung involvement, GGO or mixed (GGO pulse consolidation or reticular) patterns, thickened interlobular septa, vascular enlargement, air bronchogram sign, peripheral distribution, and left and right lower lobes involvement. Our study showed that chest CT scan has high sensitivity in the diagnosis of COVID-19, and may therefore serve as a standard method for diagnosis of COVID-19.
Main pulmonary artery-to-descending aorta ratio in computed tomography: cut-off value to diagnose pulmonary hypertension
in children
Authors: Saetung Muankwan , Kritsaneepaiboon Supika , Jarutach Jirayut
Published: March 2021

Introduction

To establish a cut-off value of main pulmonary artery (MPA)/descending aorta (DA) ratio and MPA/
ascending aorta (AA) ratio by computed tomography (CT) to identify pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in children.

Material and methods

A total of 45 children diagnosed with PHT, who underwent both right heart catheterization
(RHC) and CT, were enrolled as a case group (PHT), and their CT findings were compared with those from a control
group (non-PHT). The widest short-axis diameters of DA at the level of the diaphragmatic outlet, AA, and MPA
at its bifurcated level were measured.

Results

The most common indication to order a CT in the PHT group was congenital heart disease (CHD) (n = 30,
66.7%), and in the non-PHT group it was metastatic workup (n = 31, 68.9%). The median (IQR) diameters of MPA
in the PHT and the non-PHT groups were 18.7 mm (15.5, 26.7) and 16.4 mm (13.7, 19.5) (p = 0.005). The MPA/
DA ratios were 2.2 and 1.5 in the PHT and non-PHT groups (p < 0.001). The MPA/AA ratios were 1.2 and 1.1 in
the PHT and non-PHT groups (p = 0.042). An MPA/DA ratio of 1.8 carried a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 7.5
with a sensitivity of 66.67%, specificity of 91%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 88%, and negative predictive value
(NPV) of 73.21%.

Conclusions

The MPA/DA ratio > 1.8 suggests PHT in children and may lead to the avoidance of invasive cardiac
catheterization particularly in non-CHD patients.
Diagnostic imaging in the diagnosis of acute complications of bariatric surgery
Authors: Catelli Antonio , Corvino Antonio , Loiudice Giovanni , Tucci Anna , Quarantelli Mario , Venetucci Pietro
Published: March 2021

Introduction

The aim of study is to identify the frequency of acute complications and imaging findings at gastro-intestinal transit (GI) and computerised tomography (CT) in a group of obese patients who developed clinical suspicion of acute complications (painful and meteoric abdomen, nausea, vomiting, fever, intestinal blockage) in post bariatric surgery.

Material and methods

We retrospectively review 954 obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery between 2013 and 2019. The study included 72 patients who developed clinical suspicion of acute complications (painful and meteoric abdomen, nausea, vomiting, fever, intestinal blockage) within 6 days of bariatric surgery of sleeve gastrectomy, gastric banding, gastric bypass with Roux loop confirmed by CT, and who underwent a gastrointestinal transit before the CT examination.

Results

GI exam allowed visualisation of 58% of complications. Analysing the data for each surgical technique, 46 post-operative complications were found involve gastric banding. The most frequent was bandage migration (26 cases, 56 %), identified in all cases at GI transit and then confirmed on CT.

Conclusions

The study suggests that CT should be used to clarify all doubtful or clinically discordant GI transit exam results. The participation of a radiologist in qualification and post-operative evaluation is important for bariatric surgery patients.
TINGKAT PARTISIPASI STAKEHOLDERS DALAM PENINGKATAN INDEKS DESA MEMBANGUN
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi , Edy Agustinus  , Giska Hediyanti
Published: March 2021

Secara spesifik tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat partisipasi stakeholder dalam peningkatan  Indeks Desa Mandiri (IDM)  di Kabupaten Sambas. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan antara Agustus 2019-Desember 2019 ini mengambil lokasi  pada 4 (empat) desa yang termasuk dalam prioritas peningkatan status kemandirian desa di Kabupaten Sambas tahun 2020. Desa yang dimaksud yakni: Desa Sempalai Sebedang, Kecamatan Sebawi; Desa Durian, Kecamatan Sambas;  Desa Sumber Harapan, Kecamatan Sambas; dan  Desa Sebubus, Kecamatan Paloh. Hasil penelitian yang berciri kuantitatif ini menujukkan bahwa: pertama, tingkat partisipasi masyarakat umumnya tergolong “kuat” dan “sangat kuat”. Namun, kesediaan masyarakat untuk memberikan materi dalam rangka mendukung pembangunan desa masuk dalam ketegori “cukup”. Hal itu karena mereka menilai pendanaan di desa saat ini sudah cukup tersedia utamanya bersumber dari DD dan ADD; kedua, Tingkat partisipasi pemerintah tergolong “kuat” dan “sangat kuat”. Artinya indikator seperti penyiapan regulasi, keterlibatan pemerintah dalam penyusunan program, pendampingan dalam pelaksaan pembangunan, evaluasi menyangkut audit pemanfaatan DD dan ADD, serta pemanfaatan hasil pembangunan telah sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Akan tetapi,  indikator seperti  sejauh mana kemampuan pemerintah untuk membuka akses kerjasama  dengan investor dalam mengelola potensi di Desa masih perlu ditingkatkan atau dalam kategori “cukup”; dan ketiga, tingkat partisipasi  private sector secara umum masih tergolong “lemah” dan “cukup”. Mulai dari tahapan perencanaan hingga pemanfaatan hasil tingkat partisipasi private sector masih perlu ditingkatkan. Responden menilai CSR yang tersedia belum dirasakan dampaknya hingga ke tingkat desa.
Various Histomorphologic Patterns of Urothelial Carcinoma in TURBT Specimen
Authors: Kareem Hira , Jahan Amna , Nadeem Iram , Sameen Samra , Liaqat Rajia , Liaquat Tahira
Published: March 2021

Objective: To evaluate the various morphologic patterns of urothelial carcinoma in transurethral resection specimen of urinary bladder. Method: One hundred ninty three biopsies of transurethral resection of bladder from different age groups without exception of sex and race were included in this study from year 2013-2019 in Services Hospital Lahore. Result: Eighty-eight cases from 193 biopsies from services hospital Lahore in 2013 to 2019 were reported as high-grade urothelial carcinoma. While 52out of 193 cases were diagnosed as nested variant of urothelial carcinoma.03 cases neuroendocrine differentiation of urothelial carcinoma is identified and 21 cases having squamous and 12 cases with sarcomatoid differentiation of urothelial carcinoma is reported. Conclusion: Urothelial carcinoma has many histological variants each having different prognosis and clinical implications. So accurate subtyping of the tumor is important for patient's better management. Key Words: Urothelial carcinoma, sarcomatoid, divergent differentiation How to Cite: Kareem H, Jahan A, Nadeem I, Sameen S, Liaqat R, Liaquat T. Various histomorphologic patterns of urothelial carcinoma in TURBT specimen. Esculapio.2020;16(04):66-69.
Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Script Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Geografi Materi Bumi Sebagai Ruang Kehidupan
Authors: Imanuddin Nikmat
Published: March 2021

Kegiatan pembelajaran abad saat ini menuntut pendidik dalam melakukan  evalausi secara mendalam tentang  pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang dilakukan di sekolah. Kegiatan belajar mengajar sudah seharusnya dilaksanakan lebih mempertimbangkan kepentingan peserta didik dan berorientasi pada keberhasislan pembelajaran. Mata Pelajaran geografi merupakan rumpun pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS). Pada mata pelajaran ini banyak yang  menganggap bahwa belajar IPS dalam hal ini termasuk geografi identik terhadap pembelajaran yang monoton terhadap hapalan, sehingga membosankan bagi siswa, apalagi dewasa ini siswa hanya menganggap bahwa mata pelajaran rumpun IPS kurang penting dibandingkan dengan rumpun lainya yang lebih cendrung menyenangkan. Dengan diterapkannya Kurikulum 2013 dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah,  menuntut guru untuk bisa mengembangkan model pembelajaran yang bisa membuat siswa untuk berpikir kritis, aktif dan mampu mendorong siswa untuk menemukan dan mengkonstruksi pikiran mereka berdasarkan materi yang diberikan. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang bisa diterapkan oleh guru untuk mencapai hal tersebut adalah dengan Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Script.

Kata Kunci: Model Pembelajaran, Cooperative Script, Hasil belajar
Implementasi Sekolah Ramah Anak (SRA) di UPTD SD Negeri 6 Metro Utara
Authors: Aminudin Kodar
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Mengidentifikasi kondisi objektif implementasi program Sekolah Ramah Anak (SRA) berdasarkan 8 Standar Nasional Pendidikan yang sudah dilaksanakan di SD Negeri 6 Metro Utara. Mengetahui peranan budaya sekolah yang dimiliki terhadap pengembangan Sekolah Ramah Anak (SRA) di SD Negeri 6 Metro Utara. Mencari dan menciptakan model yang efektif untuk pengembangan Sekolah Ramah Anak (SRA) melalui penguatan Budaya Sekolah di SD Negeri 6 Metro Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Implementasi program Sekolah Ramah Anak (SRA) di SD Negeri 6 Metro Utara sebagian besar telah memenuhi kriteria yang digariskan oleh 8 Standar Nasional Pendidikan, tetapi kemunculan berbagai kriteria tersebut tidak mutlak dan secara spesifik diprogramkan untuk SRA. Kemunculannya hanya faktor kebetulan yang memiliki keterkaitan dengan program sekolah lainnya.

 

Kata Kunci: Program Sekolah Ramah Anak (SRA), Model pengembangan Sekolah Ramah Anak (SRA)
The role of Fiscal Institutional Context on primary balance. A case study for European country groups with cultural differences
Authors: Mitsi Dimitra
Published: March 2021

Many countries have introduced fiscal institutions (fiscal rules and fiscal councils) to deter fiscal indiscipline, reduce macroeconomic forecasting bias and enhance the credibility of fiscal policy. In this study, we use a theoretical model in order to examine how the existence of a fiscal council can reduce a country’s debt. In addition, we examine the impact of fiscal institutions on primary balance in 2 European country groups (PIIGCS and DFGNS countries) that have cultural differences. The analysis builds on panel data estimation methods of fixed effects and random effects depending on the Hausman test results. This study finds that the fiscal institutional context (frifc) has a positive and significant effect on PB. More specifically, we find that one change in fiscal institutional context improves PB by a factor of 0.925 and 1.181 in PIIGCS countries and DFGNS countries, respectively.
Türkiye’nin İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) İhracat Rekabet Gücünün Analizi
Authors: ATEŞ Erdem
Published: March 2021

İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) pilotu bulunmayan, uzaktan idare edilebilen ve uçabilen sistemler olarak tanımlanabilir. İHA’ların kullanımı günümüzde fazlasıyla yaygınlaşmış durumdadır. İHA başlangıçta askeri amaçlarla ortaya çıkmasına rağmen, özellikle son yıllarda birçok farklı alanda kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Türkiye İHA teknolojisinin önemini kavramış ve bu alanda üretici olan ülkelerden biridir. Türkiye’nin ürettiği İHA’ların ağırlıklı olarak askeri amaçlara hizmet etmeyi hedefledikleri görülmektedir. Türkiye ürettiği İHA ve SİHA’ları (Silahlı İnsansız Hava Aracı) bazı ülkelere ihraç etmektedir. İHA piyasasının hızla arttığı ve birçok ülkenin İHA’lara ilgi duyduğu düşünüldüğünde, bunun Türkiye’nin ihracatına ve ekonomik büyümesine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı; Türkiye’nin İHA/SİHA ihracatının rekabet gücünü analiz etmektir. Analizde, 2002-2020 yılları arasında, küresel sınıflandırma sistemlerinden olan HS altı digit verileri kullanılmıştır. Analizde; Avrupa Komisyonu tarafından İHA sınıflandırılmasında yer alan altı ürün grubunun dört tanesi kullanılmıştır. Analize iki ürün grubunun dâhil edilmemesinin nedeni, bu ürün grupları içerisinde İHA ticaretinin payının çok düşük olacağının düşünülmesidir. Çalışmanın amacı; Türkiye’nin İHA ihracatının uluslararası rekabet gücünün belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada, bahsi geçen ürün grupları için Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlük Endeksleri (Balassa Endeksleri) Açıklanmış Rekabet Üstünlüğü Endeksleri (Vollrath Endeksleri) ve İhracatta Uzmanlaşma Endeksi (ES) hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; özellikle son yıllarda Türkiye’nin İHA alanında ihracat yoğunlaşmasının arttığı görülmüştür.
Takeovers in Software Business – Recap and Days to Come
Authors: OCIESZAK Marcin , WNUK Krzysztof
Published: March 2021

The article summarizes the last 30 years of the M&A market in the software industry. The authors verify a hypothesis if the takeover strategy is still effective and promising. A dataset of over 18,000 transactions was analyzed. It has been noticed that while company valuations and the S&P 500 index have been increasing over the last decade, the frequency of transactions in the software industry has decreased.
Infestation of Some Marine Fish Species with Red Worm Philometra
Authors: Mohamed A. H. , Hassan M. A , Mahmoud M. A.
Published: March 2021

Over a two-year period, November 2006 to October 2008, the distribution of philometra sp. among host tissues was investigated in 10 host species collected from some coastal waters areas of the Arabian Gulf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The examined fish species were: Epinephelus chlorostigma, Epinephelus tauvina, Johnius maculates, Lethrinus nebulosus, Lutjanus ehrenbergi, Psettodes erumei, Scomberomorus commerson, Siganus canaliculatus, Trichiurus lepturus and Tylosurus crocodiles. The overall percent of philometra sp. infestation among the examined fish species reached 9.5%. However, the infestation percentages in E. tauvina, L. nebulosus and E. chlorostigma, reached 24.13, 21.87 and 20 respectively, whereas in the rest of the examined fish species it was 0%. Generally, philometra sp. infestation rates showed seasonal variations, peaked in summer (25.92%), followed by the spring season (24.48%), winter season (21.21%) and autumn season (13.88%). The distribution of philometra sp. in tissues of infested fish species revealed its significant existence in the abdominal cavity and gonads. However, infestation rates in muscles and fin tissue were markedly and significantly low. Regarding histo-pathological alterations, infected ovaries appeared black, shrunken and changed to fibrous tissue. Degenerative changes and inflammatory cell proliferation wereobserved, however, in cases of chronic infestation, the dead parasite in the ovarian tissue initiated strong tissue response and proliferated connective tissue reaction as well as hyaline degeneration. Consequently, reduced in the volume of the affected ovaries and finally damage to the reproductive system were frequently seen.
Culture in the Histadrut, 1930-1945
Authors: Chazan Meir
Published: March 2021

The Yishuv in Mandatory Palestine was dominated by the Hebrew national culture. Culture was an important and sometimes definitive element in securing the dominance of the Zionist Labor Movement during the Mandate era. The construction and shaping of a new Hebrew culture was a central principle in the movement’s creedal, political, and educational approach. The General Federation of Jewish Labor in Palestine, known as the Histadrut, which was the main institutional player in the shaping of cultural endeavor in Yishuv society, hewed to the spirit of the Socialist Zionist worldview. During this period, the Histadrut emerged as the most progressive, authentic and current cultural agent working to shape the Jewish-Zionist atmosphere and every-day life in Palestine. In the 1930s, the leading figure in the Histadrut’s cultural endeavor was Jacob Sandbank, who operated as part of the Cultural Center established in 1935. According to Sandbank, culture, in the sense of kultura, cannot be ‘manufactured’. Instead, he claimed that it materializes in various spheres of life, and its vital and spiritual elements come about inadvertently – without prior intent, without setting goals, and without dictating things ab initio.
The Ayalon River and the Relationships between the Authorities, 1948-1965
Authors: Selzer Assaf
Published: March 2021

During the first two decades following the establishment of the State of Israel, the Tel Aviv-Jaffa municipality had to deal with flooding from the Ayalon River. By means of constructing a series of walls, the route of the river and its depth were altered in an unsuccessful attempt to solve the problem. It became clear that a more drastic solution was necessary. Water issues and rivers in particular provide a unique opportunity to study the underlying relationships between local and central governments and between local and international water experts. In this article, I compare the different interests of those who were involved in dealing with the flooding from the Ayalon and the motivations behind their actions. As part of the solution to the Ayalon flooding problem, an infrastructure company was established in 1965 as a partnership between the Tel Aviv-Jaffa municipality and the Israeli government. The main task of the company was to construct a highway along the route of the river, thus ironically providing a drastic solution to the problem.
Degel Zion: Sephardi and Mizrahi Youth and the Sephardi Question
Authors: Naor Moshe
Published: March 2021

This article examines the history of Degel Zion, which was established in 1938 as a Sephardi youth organization at the initiative of the Association of Sephardi Jews in Tel Aviv, and which operated until the latter years of the British Mandate. Degel Zion was established as a local ethnic organization but developed into a national youth movement that sought to organize Sephardi and Mizrahi youth and integrate them within the Yishuv and within the nation-building process. The article will discuss the manner in which Degel Zion related to the ‘Sephardi question’ – a term that referred to the social and cultural condition of the Sephardi and Mizrahi youth and their marginal status within the Yishuv. The article will explore the way in which Degel Zion justified its existence as an ethnic framework. The discourse on the Sephardi question, as promoted by Degel Zion, related not only to the influence of the national institutions on the shape of the ethnic problem, but also embodied a Sephardi-Mizrahi self-perception and historical narrative that the leadership and facilitators of the movement sought to inculcate in its young members.
The Climate Impact of COVID19 Induced Contrail Changes
Authors: Gettelman Andrew , Chen Chieh-Chieh , Bardeen Charles G.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The COVID19 pandemic caused significant economic disruption in 2020 and severely impacted air traffic. We use a state of the art Earth System Model and ensembles of tightly constrained simulations to evaluate the effect of the reductions in aviation traffic on contrail radiative forcing and climate in 2020. In the absence of any COVID19 pandemic caused reductions, the model simulates a contrail Effective Radiative Forcing (ERF) 62 ± 59 m Wm−2 (2 standard deviations). The contrail ERF has complex spatial and seasonal patterns that combine the offsetting effect of shortwave (solar) cooling and longwave (infrared) heating from contrails and contrail cirrus. Cooling is larger in June–August due to the preponderance of aviation in the N. Hemisphere, while warming occurs throughout the year. The spatial and seasonal forcing variations also map onto surface temperature variations. The net land surface temperature change due to contrails in a normal year is estimated at 0.13 ± 0.04 K (2 standard deviations) with some regions warming as much as 0.7 K. The effect of COVID19 reductions in flight traffic decreased contrails. The unique timing of such reductions, which were maximum in N. Hemisphere spring and summer when the largest contrail cooling occurs, means that cooling due to fewer contrails in boreal spring and fall was offset by warming due to fewer contrails in boreal summer to give no significant annual averaged ERF from contrail changes in 2020. Despite no net significant global ERF, because of the spatial and seasonal timing of contrail ERF, some land regions that would have cooled slightly (minimum −0.2 K) but significantly from contrail changes in 2020. The implications for future climate impacts of contrails are discussed.
Cloud droplet number closure for tropical convective clouds during
the ACRIDICON–CHUVA campaign
Authors: Campos Braga Ramon , Ervens Barbara , Rosenfeld Daniel , Andreae Meinrat O. , Förster Jan-David , Fütterer Daniel , Hernández Pardo Lianet , Holanda Bruna A. , Jurkat Tina , Krüger Ovid O. , Lauer Oliver , Machado Luiz A. T. , Pöhlker Christopher , Sauer Daniel , Voigt Christiane , Walser Adrian , Wendisch Manfred , Pöschl Ulrich , Pöhlker Mira L.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The main objective of the ACRIDICON-CHUVA (Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, and Radiation Interactions and Dynamics of Convective Cloud Systems–Cloud Processes of the Main Precipitation Systems in Brazil: A Contribution to Cloud Resolving Modeling and to the Global Precipitation measurements) campaign in September 2014 was the investigation of aerosol-cloud-interactions in the Amazon Basin. Cloud properties near cloud base of growing convective cumuli were characterized by cloud droplet size distribution measurements using a cloud combination probe (CCP) and a cloud and aerosol spectrometer (CAS-DPOL). In the current study, an adiabatic parcel model was used to perform cloud droplet number (Nd) closure studies for several flights in differently polluted air masses. Model input parameters included aerosol size distributions, measured with an ultra-high sensitive aerosol spectrometer (UHSAS), in combination with a condensation particle counter (CPC). Updraft speeds (w) were measured near cloud base using a boom-mounted Rosemount model 858 AJ probe. To compare to model predictions, measured Nd and w were statistically matched based on equal percentiles of occurrence. Reasonable agreement between measured and predicted Nd was achieved when a particle hygroscopicity of κ ~ 0.1 is assumed. Similar closure results were obtained when the variability in the particle number concentration was taken into account. We conclude that Nd can be predicted using a single κ, and measured aerosol particle number concentration below cloud base when w is constrained based on measurements. In accordance with previous adiabatic air parcel model studies, the largest disagreements between predicted and measured Nd were found when updraft speeds were high (w > 2.5 m s−1) or in the presence of a bimodal aerosol size distribution. We show that simplifying assumptions on κ might not be appropriate when the aerosol size distribution is comprised of both distinct Aitken and accumulation modes, as predicted Nd clearly deviate from measured ones at w ≥ 1 m s−1 which points to a contribution of Aitken mode particles to Nd.
Meteorology-driven variability of air pollution (PM1) revealed with explainable machine learning
Authors: Stirnberg Roland , Cermak Jan , Kotthaus Simone , Haeffelin Martial , Andersen Hendrik , Fuchs Julia , Kim Miae , Petit Jean-Eudes , Favez Olivier
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Air pollution, in particular high concentrations of particulate matter smaller than 1 µm in diameter (PM1), continues to be a major health problem, and meteorology is known to substantially influence atmospheric PM concentrations. However, the scientific understanding of the ways in which complex interactions of meteorological factors lead to high-pollution episodes is inconclusive. In this study, a novel, data-driven approach based on empirical relationships is used to characterize and better understand the meteorology-driven component of PM1 variability. A tree-based machine learning model is set up to reproduce concentrations of speciated PM1 at a suburban site southwest of Paris, France, using meteorological variables as input features. The model is able to capture the majority of occurring variance of mean afternoon total PM1 concentrations (coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.58), with model performance depending on the individual PM1 species predicted.
Based on the models, an isolation and quantification of individual, season-specific meteorological influences for process understanding at the measurement site is achieved using SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) regression values.
Model results suggest that winter pollution episodes are often driven by a combination of shallow mixed layer heights (MLHs), low temperatures, low wind speeds, or inflow from northeastern wind directions. Contributions of MLHs to the winter pollution episodes are quantified to be on average ∼5 µg/m3 for MLHs below <500 m a.g.l. Temperatures below freezing initiate formation processes and increase local emissions related to residential heating, amounting to a contribution to predicted PM1 concentrations of as much as ∼9 µg/m3. Northeasterly winds are found to contribute ∼5 µg/m3 to predicted PM1 concentrations (combined effects of u- and v-wind components), by advecting particles from source regions, e.g. central Europe or the Paris region.
Meteorological drivers of unusually high PM1 concentrations in summer are temperatures above ∼25 ∘C (contributions of up to ∼2.5 µg/m3), dry spells of several days (maximum contributions of ∼1.5 µg/m3), and wind speeds below ∼2 m/s (maximum contributions of ∼3 µg/m3), which cause a lack of dispersion.
High-resolution case studies are conducted showing a large variability of processes that can lead to high-pollution episodes.
The identification of these meteorological conditions that increase air pollution could help policy makers to adapt policy measures, issue warnings to the public, or assess the effectiveness of air pollution measures.
Impact of reduced anthropogenic emissions during COVID-19 on air quality in India
Authors: Zhang Mengyuan , Katiyar Arpit , Zhu Shengqiang , Shen Juanyong , Xia Men , Ma Jinlong , Kota Sri Harsha , Wang Peng , Zhang Hongliang
Published: March 2021

Abstract. To mitigate the impacts of the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Indian government implemented lockdown measures on 24 March 2020, which prohibited unnecessary anthropogenic activities, thus leading to a significant reduction in emissions. To investigate the impacts of this lockdown measure on air quality in India, we used the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to estimate the changes of key air pollutants. From pre-lockdown to lockdown periods, improved air quality is observed in India, indicated by the lower key pollutant levels such as PM2.5 (−26 %), maximum daily 8 h average ozone (MDA8 O3) (−11 %), NO2 (−50 %), and SO2 (−14 %). In addition, changes in these pollutants show distinct spatial variations with the more important decrease in northern and western India. During the lockdown, our results illustrate that such emission reductions play a positive role in the improvement of air quality. Significant reductions of PM2.5 concentration and its major components are predicted, especially for secondary inorganic aerosols that are up to 92 %, 57 %, and
79 % for nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), and ammonium
(NH4+), respectively. On average, the MDA8 O3 also decreases
15 % during the lockdown period although it increases slightly in some VOC-limited urban locations, which is mainly due to the more significant reduction of NOx than VOCs. More aggressive and localized emission control strategies should be implemented in India to mitigate air pollution in the future.
Cloud droplet diffusional growth in homogeneous isotropic turbulence: bin microphysics versus Lagrangian super-droplet simulations
Authors: Grabowski Wojciech W. , Thomas Lois
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The increase in the spectral width of an initially monodisperse
population of cloud droplets in homogeneous isotropic turbulence is
investigated by applying a finite-difference fluid flow model combined with
either Eulerian bin microphysics or a Lagrangian particle-based scheme. The
turbulence is forced applying a variant of the so-called linear forcing
method that maintains the mean turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and the TKE
partitioning between velocity components. The latter is important for
maintaining the quasi-steady forcing of the supersaturation fluctuations
that drive the increase in the spectral width. We apply a large
computational domain (643 m3), one of the domains considered in
Thomas et al. (2020). The simulations apply 1 m grid length and are in the
spirit of the implicit large eddy simulation (ILES), that is, with
small-scale dissipation provided by the model numerics. This is in contrast
to the scaled-up direct numerical simulation (DNS) applied in Thomas et al. (2020). Two TKE intensities and three different droplet concentrations are
considered. Analytic solutions derived in Sardina et al. (2015), valid for
the case when the turbulence integral timescale is much larger than the
droplet phase relaxation timescale, are used to guide the comparison
between the two microphysics simulation techniques. The Lagrangian approach
reproduces the scalings relatively well. Representing the spectral width
increase in time is more challenging for the bin microphysics because
appropriately high resolution in the bin space is needed. The bin width of
0.5 µm is only sufficient for the lowest droplet concentration (26 cm−3). For the highest droplet concentration (650 cm−3), an order of
magnitude smaller bin size is barely sufficient. The scalings are not
expected to be valid for the lowest droplet concentration and the high-TKE
case, and the two microphysics schemes represent similar departures.
Finally, because the fluid flow is the same for all simulations featuring
either low or high TKE, one can compare point-by-point simulation results.
Such a comparison shows very close temperature and water vapor
point-by-point values across the computational domain and larger
differences between simulated mean droplet radii and spectral width. The
latter are explained by fundamental differences in the two simulation
methodologies, numerical diffusion in the Eulerian bin approach and a relatively small number of Lagrangian particles that are used in the
particle-based microphysics.
Real-world measurement and mechanical-analysis-based verification of NOx and CO2 emissions from an in-use heavy-duty vehicle
Authors: Hata Hiroo , Kokuryo Kazuo , Ogata Takehiko , Kugata Masahiko , Yanai Koichi , Okada Megumi , Funakubo Chikage , Yamazaki Minoru , Hoshi Junya
Published: March 2021

Abstract. A portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was used to
measure the real-world driving emissions pertaining to a Japanese
middle-sized heavy-duty vehicle. The testing was performed with the vehicle
being driven in the metropolitan area of Tokyo in four seasons (January,
June, August, and November) to analyze the seasonal dependence of NOx
and CO2 emissions. The experimental results indicated that the amount
of NOx emissions was particularly high in the cold season owing to the
slow starting of the NOx after-treatment systems, which is to say the exhaust
gas recirculation and urea-selective-catalytic-reduction systems, under low-ambient-temperature conditions. In real-world driving, a high
acceleration pattern was observed in the low-speed region which is not
considered in the world harmonized vehicle cycle, which is the worldwide
official driving mode in the chassis dynamometer experiment. Finally, the
transient emission tables for NOx and CO2 were constructed based
on the PEMS measurement results and the classical mechanic theory. The
constructed tables replicated well the experimental results in all the
considered conditions involving different ambient temperatures and
locations. The proposed approach can be used to evaluate emission
inventories in the future.
Long-term phenological data set of multi-taxonomic groups, agrarian
activities and abiotic parameters from Latvia, northern Europe
Authors: Kalvāne Gunta , Kalvāns Andis , Ģērmanis Andris
Published: March 2021

Abstract. A phenological data set collected by citizen-scientists from 1970 to 2018 in Latvia is presented, comprising almost 47,000 individual observations of eight taxonomical groups, in addition to agrarian activities and abiotic parameters, covering in total 159 different phenological phases. These original data published offline in annual issues of the Nature and History Calendar (in Latvian, Dabas un vēstures kalendārs) have been digitized, harmonized and geo-referenced. Overall, the possible use of such data is extensive, as phenological data are excellent bioindicators for characterising climate change and can be used for the elaboration of adaptation strategies in agriculture, forestry, and environmental monitoring. The data also can be used in cultural–historical research; for example, the database includes data on sugar beet and maize, the cultivation of which was imposed on collective farms during the Soviet period. Thus, such data are not only important in the Earth sciences but can also be applied to the social sciences. The data significantly complement current knowledge on European phenology, especially regarding northern regions and the temporal biome. The data here cover two climate reference periods (1971–2000; 1981–2010), in addition to more recent years, and are particularly important in monitoring the effects of climate change. The database can be considered the largest open phenological data set in the Baltics. The data are freely available to all interested at https://zenodo.org/ https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3982086 (Kalvāne et al., 2020).
Storylines of UK drought based on the 2010–2012 event
Authors: Chan Wilson C. H. , Shepherd Theodore G. , Smith Katie A. , Darch Geoff , Arnell Nigel W.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Spatially extensive multi-year hydrological droughts cause significant environmental stress. Given the impacts of climate change, the UK is expected to remain vulnerable to future multi-year droughts. Existing approaches to quantify hydrological impacts of climate change are often scenario-driven and may miss out plausible outcomes with significant impacts. Event-based storyline approaches aim to quantify storylines of how observed events could hypothetically have unfolded in alternative ways. This study uses the 2010–2012 drought, the most recent period of severe hydrological drought in the UK, as a basis, and analyses counterfactual storylines based on changes to 1) precondition severity, 2) temporal drought sequence, and 3) climate change. Evidence from multiple storylines shows that maximum intensity, mean deficit and duration of the 2010–2012 drought were highly conditioned by its meteorological preconditions, particularly for northern catchments at shorter time scales. Recovery time from progressively drier preconditions reflect both spatial variation in drought conditions and the role of physical catchment characteristics, particularly hydrogeology in the propagation of multi-year droughts. Two plausible storylines of an additional dry year with dry winter conditions repeated either before the observed drought or replacing the observed dramatic drought termination confirm the vulnerability of UK catchments to a three dry winter scenario. Applying the UKCP18 climate projections, we find that drought conditions worsen with global warming with a mitigation of drought conditions by wetter winters in northern catchments at high warming levels. Comparison of the storylines with a benchmark drought (1975–76) and a protracted multi-year drought (1989–93) shows that for each storyline, drought conditions could have matched and exceeded those experienced during the past droughts at catchments across the UK, particularly for southern catchments. The construction of storylines based on observed events can complement existing methods to stress test UK catchments against plausible unrealized droughts.
A continental-scale evaluation of the calibration-free complementary
relationship with physical, machine-learning, and land-surface
models
Authors: Kim Daeha , Choi Minha , Chun Jong Ahn
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The widespread negative correlation between the atmospheric vapor pressure deficit and soil moisture lends strong support to the complementary relationship (CR) of evapotranspiration. While it has showed outstanding performance in predicting actual evapotranspiration (ETa) over land surfaces, the calibration-free CR formulation has not been tested in the Australian continent dominantly under (semi-)arid climates. In this work, we comparatively evaluated its predictive performance with seven physical, machine-learning, and land surface models for the continent at a 0.5° × 0.5° grid resolution. Results showed that the calibration-free CR that forces a single parameter to everywhere produced considerable biases when comparing to water-balance ETa (ETwb). The CR method was unlikely to outperform the other physical, machine-learning, and land surface models, overrating ETa in (semi-)humid coastal areas for 2002–2012 while underestimating in arid inland locations. By calibrating the parameter against water-balance ETa independent of the simulation period, the CR method became able to outperform the other models in reproducing the spatial variation of the mean annual ETwb and the interannual variation of the continental means of ETwb. However, interannual the grid-scale variability and trends were captured unacceptably even after the calibration. The calibrated parameters for the CR method were significantly correlated with the mean net radiation, temperature, and wind speed, implying that (multi-)decadal climatic variability could diversify the optimal parameters for the CR method. The other physical, machine-learning, and land surface models provided a consistent indication with the prior global-scale assessments. We also argued that at least some surface information is necessary for the CR method to describe long-term hydrologic cycles at the grid scale.
Variable-resolution building exposure modelling for earthquake and
tsunami scenario-based risk assessment. An application case in Lima,
Peru
Authors: Gomez-Zapata Juan Camilo , Brinckmann Nils , Harig Sven , Zafrir Raquel , Pittore Massimilano , Cotton Fabrice , Babeyko Andrey
Published: March 2021

Abstract. We propose the use of variable resolution boundaries based on Central Voronoi Tessellations (CVT) to spatially aggregate building exposure models for risk assessment to various natural hazards. Such a framework is especially beneficial when the spatial distribution of the considered hazards present intensity measures with contrasting footprints and spatial correlations such as in coastal environments. This proposal avoids the incorrect assumption that a single intensity value from hazards with low spatial correlation (e.g. tsunami) are considered as representative within large sized geocells for physical vulnerability assessment, without, at the same time, increasing the complexity of the overall model. We present decoupled earthquake and tsunami scenario-based risk estimates for the residential building stock of Lima (Peru). We observe that earthquake loss models for far-field subduction sources are practically insensitive to the exposure resolution. Conversely, tsunami loss models and associated uncertainties depend on the spatial correlations of the hazard intensities as well as on the resolution of the exposure models. We observe that for the portfolio located in the coastal area exposed to both perils in Lima, the ground-shaking dominates the losses for lower magnitudes whilst the tsunami does for the larger ones. For the latter, two sets of existing empirical flow-depth fragility models are used, finding large differences in the losses. This study arises awareness about the uncertainties in the selection of fragility models and aggregations entities for exposure modelling and loss mapping.
Giant dust particles at Nevado Illimani: a proxy of summertime deep convection over the Bolivian Altiplano
Authors: Lindau Filipe G. L. , Simões Jefferson C. , Delmonte Barbara , Ginot Patrick , Baccolo Giovanni , Paleari Chiara I. , Di Stefano Elena , Korotkikh Elena , Introne Douglas S. , Maggi Valter , Garzanti Eduardo , Andò Sergio
Published: March 2021

Abstract. A deeper understanding of past atmospheric circulation variability in the Central Andes is a high-priority topic in paleoclimatology mainly because of the necessity to validate climate models used to predict future precipitation trends and to develop mitigation and/or adaptation strategies for future climate change scenarios in this region. Within this context, we here investigate an 18-year firn core drilled at Nevado Illimani in order to interpret its mineral dust record in relation to seasonal processes, in particular atmospheric circulation and deep convection. The core was dated by annual layer counting based on seasonal oscillations of dust, calcium, and stable isotopes. Geochemical and mineralogical data show that dust is regionally sourced in winter and summer. During austral summer (wet season), an increase in the relative proportion of giant dust particles (∅>20 µm) is observed, in association with oscillations of stable isotope records (δD, δ18O). It seems that at Nevado Illimani both the deposition of dust and the isotopic signature of precipitation are influenced by atmospheric deep convection, which is also related to the total amount of precipitation in the area. This hypothesis is corroborated by regional meteorological data. The interpretation of giant particle and stable isotope records suggests that downdrafts due to convective activity promote turbulent conditions capable of suspending giant particles in the vicinity of Nevado Illimani. Giant particles and stable isotopes, when considered together, can be therefore used as a new proxy for obtaining information about deep convective activity in the past.
Aristotle, Augustine and Ricœur’s Aporetics of Temporality in Context
Authors: Martineau Jonathan
Published: March 2021

Questioning Ricœur’s positioning of Aristotle and Augustine as the founders of the two mutually exclusive conceptions of time that dichotomize the Western tradition, this article suggests that what Ricœur describes as the aporetics of temporality is a product of the modern social time regime. Extracting Aristotle and Augustine’s conceptions of time from this modern problem reveals the Aristotelian so-called “naturalist” view of time as one that rather unifies humans and their world through symbolic mediation, while Augustine’s alleged “subjective” conception of time is read rather as expressing the subordination of time to divine transcendence.
Les styles du temps
Authors: Abel Olivier
Published: March 2021

Partant des dernières méditations de Ricœur sur la mort, le temps et l’éternité, on cherche d’abord à montrer les difficultés de l’idée de Whitehead d’une mémoire de Dieu qui serait “la grande monade” (qui effrayait Jean-François Lyotard), ou la récapitulation hégélienne. La navigation alors s’inverse vers l’insurmontable pluralité des temporalités. Dans le sillage des travaux de Marielle Macé sur le style, on cherchera non seulement dans la narrativité, qui est elle-même une forme de résistance aux totalisations, mais dans tous les genres et formes de langage, les manières infiniment variées de se tenir face au temps. Si l’on accepte de réintégrer les études ricoeuriennes de littérature biblique dans le champ philosophique, on replacera le chantier narratif, lui-même indissociable du prescriptif de la Torah toujours déjà là, dans son entreroisement textuel avec les autres, le temps brisé de l’irruption prophétique, l’éternelle quotidienneté de la sagesse, les jeux métaphoriques de l’Hymne, etc.
Introduction
Authors: Abel Olivier
Published: March 2021

Introduction to “Penser le temps/Thinking Time” english versiion
IV. NORMAS EDITORIALES
Authors: Arredondo Erika
Published: March 2021

N/A
Pengaruh Tunjangan Kinerja, Motivasi Dan Disiplin Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Kantor Otoritas Pelabuhan Utama Makassar
Authors: Abbe Mukhlis , Nuralam A. Rahma
Published: March 2021

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel, yaitu: Performance Allowanes, Motivasi dan Disiplin memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan secara simultan terhadap kinerja Otoritas Pelabuhan Kantor Utama Karyawan Makassar. Secara parsial ditemukan bahwa Motivasi faktor-faktor yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja Pegawai Paling dominan Kantor Otoritas Pelabuhan Makassar.

The results of this study indicate that all the variables, namely: Performance Allowanes, Motivation and Discipline has a positive and significant effect simultaneously on the performance of the Port Authority Main Office Employees Makassar. Being partially found that the Motivation of factors that have a significant influence on the performance of the most dominant Employees Top Makassar Port Authority Office
Pengaruh Bauran Pemasaran Terhadap Keputusan Berkunjung Wisatawan Di Kota Makassar, Tahun 2016
Authors: K Djawa Sutrisno
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara membawa kota Makassar dan peningkatan signifikan dalam jumlah pengunjung atau wisatawan. Selanjutnya, untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa yang dapat mempengaruhi keputusan wisatawan berkunjung di kota Makassar. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif di mana lokasi di Benteng Rotterdam dan Pantai Losari, di Makassar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, (1) kegiatan promosi kurang mampu menarik minat wisatawan berkunjung sehingga (2) tidak mampu mendatangkan dan meningkatkan jumlah wisatawan secara signifikan dan (3) secara berurutan paling berpengaruh terhadap keputusan berkunjung wisatawan adalah produk, distribusi (tempat / titik), harga, dan promosi (5) dan yang paling memberikan dampak paling besar adalah produk sebagai variabel X1.

This study aims to find out how to be able to bring the city of Makassar and its significant increase in the number of visitors or tourists. Furthermore, to discover what factors are able to influence decisions visiting tourists in the city of Makassar. The method used is descriptive quantitative and qualitative where the location on Fort Rotterdam and Losari Beach, in Makassar. The results of this study showed that, (1) the promotion activity is less able to attract visiting tourists so that (2) is not able to bring and increase the number of tourists significantly and (3) sequentially the most influence on decision of visiting tourists is a product, distribution (place / point), price, and promotion (5) and most provide most impact is the product as a X1 variable.