bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What do patients with Peyronie's disease expect from therapy? A prospective multi‐center study
Authors: Schäfer Lukas , Cremers Jann F. , Witschel Bahne , Schüttfort Victor , Nieder Timo O. , König Frederik , Vetterlein Malte W. , Gild Philipp , Dahlem Roland , Fisch Margit , Kliesch Sabine , Soave Armin
Published: September 2023

Background

Little is known about patients’ pre‐treatment expectations in Peyronie's disease (PD).

Objective

To evaluate in detail patients’ expectations of conservative therapy and surgery.

Patients and methods

This multi‐center study prospectively enrolled 317 PD patients, who were scheduled to receive conservative therapy or surgery between 2019 and 2022 at the Department of Urology of the University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf, and the Center of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Medical Center Muenster, both Germany. The primary end‐point was patients’ pre‐treatment expectations of conservative therapy and surgery, measured with the Stanford Expectations of Treatment Scale (SETS). Secondary end‐points included patient‐reported psychological and physical symptoms, penile pain, symptom bother and erectile function, measured with the Peyronie's disease questionnaire (PDQ) and International Index of Erectile Function Erectile Function Domain (IIEF‐EF).

Results

In total, 239 (75%) and 78 (25%) patients were scheduled for the conservative therapy and surgery, respectively. Patients undergoing surgery had higher positive and negative mean SETS expectations scores (14 vs. 11, p < 0.001; 9.6 vs. 6.0, p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, surgery was an independent predictor of positive and negative patients’ pre‐treatment expectations (all p ≤ 0.001). In thematic analysis, patients undergoing surgery emphasized distinct themes of pre‐treatment expectations. Patients undergoing surgery had higher mean PDQ symptom bother as well as higher psychological and physical symptom scores (14 vs. 10, p < 0.001; 9.2 vs. 7.1, p = 0.001). There were significant positive correlations between SETS negative expectation score and PDQ symptom bother (|ρ| = 0.25; p < 0.001) as well as PDQ psychological and physical symptoms score, respectively (|ρ| = 0.21; p = 0.001).

Conclusion

PD patients expect both more benefit and more harm from surgery. In addition, patients undergoing surgery have more psychological and physical symptoms and more symptom bother. To set realistic expectations, it is of pivotal importance to assess patients’ expectations before starting treatment.
Minimally invasive, single‐stage, multilevel surgery for obstructive sleep apnoea: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rahavi‐Ezabadi Sara , Su Yan‐Ye , Wang Yu‐Han , Lin Chung‐Wei , Chang Chun‐Tuan , Friedman Michael , Salapatas Anna M. , Amali Amin , Lin Hsin‐Ching
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Minimally invasive, single‐staged multilevel surgery (MISS MLS) could be an optimal treatment for selected patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We aim to systematically review the efficacy of MISS MLS for patients with OSA, as well as the clinical outcomes and possible complications in OSA patients before and after MISS MLS.

Design and setting

Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Six databases were searched, and the PRISMA guideline was followed.

Participants

Patients with OSA receiving MISS MLS.

Main outcome measures

The random‐effects model was adopted for the statistical synthesis. The percentage and 95% confidence interval (CI) were adopted as the effect measurements of MISS MLS for OSA. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were also performed to identify the heterogeneity among the studies.

Results

There were initially 154 articles for identification. Eventually, six studies with a total of 848 OSA patients completely met the inclusion criteria and were further enrolled for analysis. The pooled analysis showed statistically significant lower AHI (apnea/hypopnea index, /hr.; mean difference: −8.931, 95% CI: −11.591 to −6.271, I2 = 87.4%), ESS (mean difference: −2.947, 95% CI: −4.465 to −1.429, I2 = 94.9%), and snoring severity with 0‐10 visual analog scale after surgery (mean difference: −4.966, 95% CI: −5.804 to −4.128, I2 = 96.4%). The success rate was 46% in mild/moderate OSA; however, 18% in severe OSA. There were no major complications occurred.

Conclusions

The acceptable surgical outcomes, esp. in mild/moderate OSA, and rare complications are the major advantages of MISS MLS. The evidence of this study could aid the decision making in selecting suitable treatment programs for OSA patients.
Deconvolution of bulk RNA sequencing in activated phosphoinositide 3‐kinase δ syndrome
Authors: Huang Xia , Gu Haiyan
Published: September 2023

Background

Many gaps remain in our understanding of the immune and molecular characteristics that underlie activated phosphoinositide 3‐kinase delta syndrome (APDS).

Methods

We performed RNA sequencing of peripheral blood leukocytes obtained from a child with APDS and his healthy parents and deconvoluted bulk transcriptional data to assess immune cell status.

Results

Pathway enrichment analysis suggested signaling pathways enriched in virus infection as well as the PI3K, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity, and nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain (NOD)‐like receptor signaling pathways. The proportion of B cells memory, T cells CD4 memory resting and dendritic cells activated were reduced, whereas B cells naïve, T cells CD8, NK cells resting, monocytes and macrophages M2 were increased in the child. Top 10 hub genes were screened and showed moderate to strong relatedness with immune cell proportions.

Conclusion

Deconvolution of bulk RNA sequencing to assess immune cells status can provide further insight into the alterations in immunological features underlying APDS and other rare diseases.
Unsecured attractants, collisions, and high mortality strain coexistence between grizzly bears and people in theElk Valley, southeastBritish Columbia
Authors: Lamb Clayton T. , Smit Laura , Mowat Garth , McLellan Bruce , Proctor Michael
Published: September 2023

Historical persecution of grizzly bears in North America reduced the species range by 55%. Today, dedicated recovery efforts and shifting societal perceptions have supported the recovery and expansion of grizzly bear populations in many areas. With increasing overlap between people and bears, conservation actions and scientific inquiry are now shifting efforts toward supporting coexistence with bears. Here, we assessed the demography and behavior of grizzly bears in a coexistence landscape in southeast British Columbia, Canada, where abundant grizzly bear populations occur among busy, human‐settled valleys. Between 2016 and 2022, we captured 76 individual grizzly bears and monitored their conflict behavior, survival, and reproduction for 160 animal‐years. The cause of death for 14 animals with a functioning collar was human–wildlife conflict (n = 6), road or rail collision (n = 6), unknown but human suspected (n = 1), and natural (n = 1). Subadult survival was the lowest recorded in North America, while adult survival was similar to other studies, suggesting an intense demographic filter for young animals. We estimate that human‐caused mortality is underreported in government databases by 65%, or for every recorded mortality, there are ~2 that go unreported. Reporting was especially low for road and rail mortalities. Grizzly bear mortality in the Elk Valley due to collisions and conflicts with people is an order of magnitude greater than elsewhere in British Columbia. Combining DNA‐ and collar‐based estimates of population growth, we show that grizzly bear abundance is stable due to source‐sink dynamics, whereby ~7 immigrant bears per year offset the high mortality rates in the area. Grizzly bears dispersing into the valley are often young and more conflict‐naïve, creating a conflict spiral that can be interrupted by reducing mortality of young animals. Creating a self‐sustaining population of bears in the Elk Valley that is not reliant on immigration will require targeted efforts to reduce or secure attractants on private property and strategies to minimize collisions with trains and vehicles.
Nitrous‐oxide‐induced polyneuropathy and subacute combined degeneration of the spine: clinical and diagnostic characteristics in 70 patients, with focus on electrodiagnostic studies
Authors: Hassing L. T. , Jiang F. Y. , Zutt R. , Arends S.
Published: September 2023

Background and purpose

Nitrous oxide (N2O) induced neurological symptoms are increasingly encountered. Our aim is to provide clinical and diagnostic characteristics with a focus on electrodiagnostic studies.

Methods

Patients with neurological sequelae due to N2O presenting in our hospital between November 2018 and December 2021 reporting clinical and diagnostic data were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

Seventy patients (median 22 years) were included. Median N2O usage was 4 kg/week during 12 months. Patients’ history revealed a higher rate of sensory symptoms compared to motor (97% vs. 57%) and 77% walking difficulties. Clinical diagnosis was polyneuropathy (PNP) in 44%, subacute combined degeneration (SCD) of the spine in 19%, both in 37%. Median vitamin B12 level was low (159 pmol/L), normal in 16%. The median methylmalonic acid was increased (2.66 μmol/L). Electrodiagnostic abnormalities were observed in 91%, with 72% fulfilling axonal PNP criteria, 20% showing mild to intermediate slowing. One patient fulfilled demyelinating PNP criteria not related to N2O abuse (Charcot−Marie−Tooth type 1a). More prominent motor nerve conduction abnormalities were found; lower limbs were more affected. In 64% with normal conduction, myography showed signs of axonal loss. Magnetic resonance imaging showed cervical myelopathy in 58% involving generally five to six segments.

Conclusions

Nitrous oxide (N2O) leads to neurological symptoms by causing PNP and/or SCD primarily involving the legs. Distinguishing PNP and SCD clinically was shown to be insufficient. Electrodiagnostic studies showed axonal PNP. Demyelinating PNP due to N2O abuse was not present in our cohort. Therefore, further diagnostic work‐up is warranted if demyelinating features are present.
Helicobacter pylori virulence genotypes in Bogotá River and wastewater treatment plants in Colombia
Authors: Vesga Fidson‐Juarismy , Beltrán‐Benavides Adriana Rocío , Márquez‐Duque Ana María , Venegas Camilo , Trespalacios Alba‐Alicia
Published: September 2023

Background

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that infects 70%–80% of the population in Colombia, causing chronic gastritis in all those infected and gastric cancer in 1%–2% of those infected. In Colombia, some studies have identified the presence of vacA and cagA genes in environmental samples such as treated, surface, and wastewater, but they have not been evaluated in the Bogotá River. For this, the aim of this study was to identify the virulence genotypes of H. pylori present in samples from the Bogotá River and domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).

Materials and Methods

A total of 75 water samples (51 from the Bogotá River and 24 from wastewater treatment plants) were collected. The presence of H. pylori DNA and its virulence genotypes was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results

The presence of H. pylori DNA was demonstrated in 44% (33/75) of the samples, obtaining 63.6% (21/33) from the Bogotá River and 36.4% (12/33) from the WWTPs. The most prevalent H. pylori genotype was cagA (‐) and vacAm1/s1/i1 being the most virulent of the vacA gene.

Conclusions

This is the first study in Colombia that determines the cagA and vacA genotypes in surface water and WWTPs, indicating the circulation of virulent genotypes in the population. The presence of this pathogen in the waters can be represent a risk to the health of the surrounding population since these waters are reused by the communities for different purposes.
Ringing, tracking and counting data reveal five wintering patterns in European Common Shelducks
Authors: Cimiotti Dagmar S. , Cimiotti Dominic V. , Hötker Hermann , Garthe Stefan
Published: September 2023

Information on migratory connections provides a basis for effective conservation efforts. The spatial connections between breeding and wintering areas are poorly known for many species. The connections become complicated in species that carry out additional migrations between their breeding and wintering areas. Common Shelducks Tadorna tadorna (hereafter Shelducks) in western Europe perform an extensive moult migration after the breeding season. In this study, we examined the geographical connections between the breeding and wintering areas to identify ecological patterns, and estimate the influence of moult migration. Possible patterns would be to winter: (I) in distant and separate areas; (II) in a moulting area; (III) in the vicinity of a moulting area; (IV) near the individual breeding area. Further, there might be individuals (V) that breed, moult and winter in the same area (sedentary). We analysed recoveries of ringed Shelducks from the EURING databank and count data from the International Waterbird Census, and tracked 11 individuals from a German breeding population using GPS transmitters. We found evidence of all possible wintering patterns in Shelducks breeding in regions of Europe with long‐term mean January temperatures at least slightly above 0 °C. Shelducks from cold parts of Europe always migrated to separate and warmer wintering areas. Shelducks from warmer regions used diverse patterns even within the same breeding populations. Some individuals used wintering areas near or in a moulting area, even if that area was sometimes colder than their breeding area. Our results support the idea that the location of the moulting area influenced the geographical position of the wintering area. Furthermore, the observed low migratory connectivity and high diversity in wintering patterns support the idea that Common Shelducks are able to adapt to changing environmental conditions.
Efficacy of water flossing on clinical parameters of inflammation and plaque: A 4‐week randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mancinelli‐Lyle Deborah , Qaqish Jimmy G. , Goyal C. Ram , Schuller Reinhard
Published: September 2023

Background

The primary prevention of periodontitis is controlling gingivitis daily. The study objective was to compare the efficacy of a pulsating water flosser to a pulsating water flosser infused with air microbubbles on clinical signs of inflammation and plaque.

Methods

One hundred and five participants were enrolled in this single‐blind, single‐centre, parallel, 4‐week, IRB/IEC‐approved clinical trial. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: water flosser (WF) plus manual toothbrush, water flosser infused with microbubbles of air (MBWF) plus manual toothbrush, or dental floss (DF) plus manual toothbrush. Bleeding on probing (BOP), Modified Gingival Index (MGI) and Rustogi Modification Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI) scores were recorded at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks.

Results

All participants completed the study (n = 105). All groups showed a statistically significant reduction for BOP, MGI and RMNPI at 4 weeks (p < 0.05, except DF marginal RMNPI). The WF group showed a statistically significant greater reduction in whole mouth BOP (0.41) compared to MBWF (0.32) and DF (0.19). This was also true for MGI (0.37, 0.30 and 0.20, respectively) and RMNPI (0.13, 0.11 and 0.06, respectively; p < 0.05 for all comparisons). No adverse events were reported.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that a manual toothbrush and water flosser, with or without microbubbles, is an effective oral care regimen for controlling gingivitis over 4 weeks.
Effect of enzyme‐assisted acid extraction on citrus high‐methoxyl pectin riched in RG‐I: preparation, structure characterisation and physico‐chemical properties
Authors: Liu Zi‐wei , Qi Jun‐ru , Song Ya‐ting , Ruan Cheng‐wei , Liao Jin‐song
Published: September 2023

The properties of pectin extracted by enzyme‐assisted nitric acid (EAE‐N) and pectin extracted by enzyme‐assisted oxalic acid (EAE‐O) were analysed and compared with pectin extracted by nitric acid (AE‐N) and pectin extracted by oxalic acid (AE‐O) systematically. The yield of pectin obtained by the enzyme‐assisted acid method (23.73% ~ 25.60%) was significantly higher than that by acid extraction method (19.75% ~ 20.60%). Monosaccharide analyses demonstrated that the enzyme‐assisted acid method was able to attain more branched rhamnogalacturonan I (RG‐I) regions (36.59% ~ 42.06%) than using acid solely (31.01% ~ 34.58%). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) analyses indicated that there was no obvious difference in the characteristic structure of pectin. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) images revealed that EAE‐N and EAE‐O had more short side chains and cross‐link compared with AE‐N and AE‐O. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that EAE‐N and EAE‐O have good thermal stability. All pectin samples showed a shear‐thinning fluid flow behaviour and an elastic gel‐like behaviour. The results suggested that enzyme‐assisted acid provided a viable alternative method for the extraction of pectin.
The effect of workplace bullying and self‐efficacy on emotional distress among hospital nurses
Authors: Fang Li , Hsiao Li‐Ping , Fang Shu‐Hui
Published: September 2023

Aims

This study intended to explore the workplace bullying, self‐efficacy and emotional distress of the nursing staff and determine the predictors of nursing staff's emotional distress.

Methods

Cross‐sectional and correlation designs were used, collecting data including socio‐demographic data, workplace bullying, self‐efficacy and emotional distress scales.

Results

Results showed that the frequency of poor sleep quality in the recent 2 weeks, working in the intensive care centre or emergency room, high workplace bullying and low self‐efficacy were the main predictors of emotional distress in nursing staff.

Conclusion

Nursing supervisors are advised to design suitable shift schemes to allow adequate time for nurses to maintain proper rest and develop a safety notification system to give bullied victims the assurance of safety. The design and implementation of the programs are encouraged to improve self‐efficacy among nurses by strengthening the training of social skills, improving employees' communication skills and their relationships with other employees.
SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence and implications for population immunity: Evidence from two Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites in Kenya, February–December 2022
Authors: Kagucia E. Wangeci , Ziraba Abdhala K. , Nyagwange James , Kutima Bernadette , Kimani Makobu , Akech Donald , Ng'oda Maurine , Sigilai Antipa , Mugo Daisy , Karanja Henry , Gitonga John , Karani Angela , Toroitich Monica , Karia Boniface , Otiende Mark , Njeri Anne , Aman Rashid , Amoth Patrick , Mwangangi Mercy , Kasera Kadondi , Ng'ang'a Wangari , Voller Shirine , Ochola‐Oyier Lynette I. , Bottomley Christian , Nyaguara Amek , Munywoki Patrick K. , Bigogo Godfrey , Maitha Eric , Uyoga Sophie , Gallagher Katherine E. , Etyang Anthony O. , Barasa Edwine , Mwangangi Joseph , Bejon Philip , Adetifa Ifedayo M. O. , Warimwe George M. , Scott J. Anthony G. , Agweyu Ambrose
Published: September 2023

Background

We sought to estimate SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody seroprevalence within representative samples of the Kenyan population during the third year of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the second year of COVID‐19 vaccine use.

Methods

We conducted cross‐sectional serosurveys among randomly selected, age‐stratified samples of Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) residents in Kilifi and Nairobi. Anti‐spike (anti‐S) immunoglobulin G (IgG) serostatus was measured using a validated in‐house ELISA and antibody concentrations estimated with reference to the WHO International Standard for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin.

Results

HDSS residents were sampled in February–June 2022 (Kilifi HDSSN = 852; Nairobi Urban HDSSN = 851) and in August–December 2022 (N = 850 for both sites). Population‐weighted coverage for ≥1 doses of COVID‐19 vaccine were 11.1% (9.1–13.2%) among Kilifi HDSS residents by November 2022 and 34.2% (30.7–37.6%) among Nairobi Urban HDSS residents by December 2022.

Population‐weighted anti‐S IgG seroprevalence among Kilifi HDSS residents increased from 69.1% (65.8–72.3%) by May 2022 to 77.4% (74.4–80.2%) by November 2022. Within the Nairobi Urban HDSS, seroprevalence by June 2022 was 88.5% (86.1–90.6%), comparable with seroprevalence by December 2022 (92.2%; 90.2–93.9%). For both surveys, seroprevalence was significantly lower among Kilifi HDSS residents than among Nairobi Urban HDSS residents, as were antibody concentrations (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

More than 70% of Kilifi residents and 90% of Nairobi residents were seropositive for anti‐S IgG by the end of 2022. There is a potential immunity gap in rural Kenya; implementation of interventions to improve COVID‐19 vaccine uptake among sub‐groups at increased risk of severe COVID‐19 in rural settings is recommended.
Effectiveness of chlorhexidine versus povidone‐iodine for preventing surgical site wound infection: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Panfeng , Wang Dandan , Zhang Lingqiao
Published: September 2023

A systematic evaluation was conducted to assess the efficacy of two disinfectants, chlorhexidine and povidone‐iodine, as primary components in preventing surgical site infection (SSI). A comprehensive computerised search was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on chlorhexidine and povidone‐iodine disinfection for the prevention of SSI from inception until July 2023. Two independent researchers completed literature screening, data extraction and quality assessment of the included studies. The meta‐analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software. Ultimately, 20 RCTs were included, which included 13 133 patients, with 6460 patients in the chlorhexidine group and 6673 patients in the povidone‐iodine group. The meta‐analysis results revealed that the incidence rate of surgical site wound infections [odds ratio (OR): 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58–0.78, p < 0.001)], superficial SSI rate (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.46–0.75, p < 0.001) and deep SSI rate (OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.31–0.79, p = 0.003) were all lower in patients subjected to chlorhexidine disinfection compared to those patients receiving povidone‐iodine disinfection. Existing evidence suggests that chlorhexidine is more effective than povidone‐iodine at preventing SSI. However, owing to the potential quality limitations of the included studies, further validation through high‐quality large‐scale RCTs is warranted.
Dyadic Death: A Typology
Authors: Berman Alan L.
Published: September 2023

In dyadic deaths, a second victim acts in consort with, is associated with, or is killed by a person who, contemporaneous with the first death, then suicides. Dyadic deaths thus include both homicide–suicides and suicide pacts. This paper describes, suggests organizing dynamics of, and illustrates distinct types of dyadic deaths. The proposed typology varies by levels of dominance, dependence–enmeshment, and the presence or absence of hostility in and between partners.
Between conservation and care: Ontological mixtures and juxtapositions in protected areas of Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Trentini Florencia
Published: September 2023

Based on the discussion of the declaration of the Lanín volcano as a Mapuche sacred natural site, this article rethinks the relationship between conservation and care from an ethnographic perspective, paying special attention to the relationship between the entitiesvolcanoandpijan mawiza. The exploration occurs within the framework of the intercultural proposal behind the co‐management of the National Parks in Argentina. I argue that the “multiculturalist” perspective based on interculturality and “dialogues of knowledge” has turned conservation and care into interchangeable synonyms, but that this translation renders invisible the possibility of addressing—from an ontological perspective—other worlds struggling to exist. The article reflects on the potentials of care to pluralize conservation based on juxtapositions of, and mixtures with, other forms of making world(s).
The role of emotional dysregulation in the association between family‐of‐origin conflict and romantic relationship maintenance
Authors: Ogan Matthew A. , Monk J. Kale , Thibodeau‐Nielsen Rachel B. , Vennum Amber , Soloski Kristy
Published: September 2023

Family‐of‐origin systems are consequential for the emotional well‐being of offspring. These influences are likely to last into adulthood, affecting adult children's romantic relationships. The mechanisms by which family‐of‐origin environments influence adult romantic relationships are not fully understood. In a sample of 118 different‐sex couples, we tested the effects of negative family‐of‐origin conflict on adult offspring's provision of relationship maintenance to their romantic partner using structural equation modeling. We evaluated emotional dysregulation as a mediator of this effect, using two measures of emotional dysregulation. Results from structural models demonstrated a negative effect of family‐of‐origin conflict on the provision of relationship maintenance via higher levels of emotional dysregulation. Our results highlight emotional self‐regulation as a valuable intervention point for couple therapists.
Social reproduction in crisis: Gendered labour regimes in agro‐export sectors in Ecuador and Chile
Authors: Raynolds Laura T. , Ipsen Annabel
Published: September 2023

The pandemic lays bare the centrality of social reproduction in upholding global commodity networks. Capitalism's reliance on gendered and racialized systems of social reproduction has deepened structural contradictions and socio‐economic divides across agro‐export sectors and agrarian communities. We analyse how COVID‐19 policies and responses in Ecuador and Chile are reshaping systems of social and labour protection in feminized agro‐export sectors. We integrate labour regime and gender regime frameworks, showing how they are (1) co‐constituted via global forces, national policies, institutional pressures and local practices; (2) intertwined in neoliberal and social‐democratic development models; and (3) forged through control, consent and resistance. We analyse national legal frameworks and policy responses to COVID‐19, as well as industry, union and worker reactions, illustrating how ‘neutral’ policies have gendered outcomes, (re)creating false binaries between production and reproduction and paid and unpaid work. We find that the pandemic has reshaped gendered labour regimes in agro‐exports: in Ecuador, undermining the fragile commitment to a social‐democratic gendered labour regime and in Chile, strengthening social‐democratic supports and promises of a more equitable gendered labour regime. In both cases, states and firms have neglected to include social reproduction in the ‘costs’ of development, thus threatening national development models grounded in the exploitation of cheap female labour in agro‐export sectors.
Divergence in Elymus sibiricus is related to geography and climate oscillation: A new look from pan‐chloroplast genome data
Authors: Xiong Yi , Xiong Yan‐Li , Jia Xue‐Jie , Zhao Jun‐Ming , Yan Li‐Jun , Sha Li‐Na , Liu Lin , Yu Qing‐Qing , Lei Xiong , Bai Shi‐Qie , Ma Xiao
Published: September 2023

Quaternary glacial climate oscillation and geographical isolation have significantly influenced the geographic distribution pattern and lineage evolution history of species. However, understanding how these factors specifically impact the genealogical structure of dominant Gramineous species in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) remains a subject of investigation. Elymus sibiricus L. (Gramineae), indigenous to the QTP and widely distributed in Eurasia, exhibits remarkable environmental adaptation and phenotypic diversity, making it an ideal candidate for phylogeographic studies. Based on the analysis of 175 complete chloroplast genome sequences, our results indicated that the ancestors of E. sibiricus originated from the QTP and underwent a complex migration history. After the speciation of E. sibiricus, several geo‐groups exhibited independent differentiation, showing minimal gene flow among them. The current phylogeographic patterns of E. sibiricus are a result of frequent climate alternations and the cold climate during the Quaternary glacial, as well as the presence of several geographical barriers that have restricted the gene flow among different geo‐groups. Our research has revealed for the first time that E. sibiricus has a multilineage origin, and its maternal donors are not limited to a single species. Furthermore, the high quality and mapping depth of the variant file provided reliable data for analyzing the patterns based on raw sequencing data. These findings enhance our understanding of the relationship between plant differentiation and climatic and geographical factors of Eurasia.
Objectively regular sleep patterns and mortality in a prospective cohort: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Chung Joon , Goodman Matthew O. , Huang Tianyi , Castro‐Diehl Cecilia , Chen Jarvis T. , Sofer Tamar , Bertisch Suzanne M. , Purcell Shaun M. , Redline Susan
Published: September 2023

Irregular sleep and non‐optimal sleep duration separately have been shown to be associated with increased disease and mortality risk. We used data from the prospective cohort Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis sleep study (2010–2013) to investigate: do aging adults whose sleep is objectively high in regularity in timing and duration, and of sufficient duration tend to have increased survival compared with those whose sleep is lower in regularity and duration, in a diverse US sample? At baseline, sleep was measured by 7‐day wrist actigraphy, concurrent with at‐home polysomnography and questionnaires. Objective metrics of sleep regularity and duration from actigraphy were used for statistical clustering using sparse k‐means clustering. Two sleep patterns were identified: “regular‐optimal” (average duration: 7.0 ± 1.0 hr obtained regularly) and “irregular‐insufficient” (duration: 5.8 ± 1.4 hr obtained with twice the irregularity). Using proportional hazard models with multivariate adjustment, we estimated all‐cause mortality hazard ratios. Among 1759 participants followed for a median of 7.0 years (Q1–Q3, 6.4–7.4 years), 176 deaths were recorded. The “regular‐optimal” group had a 39% lower mortality hazard than did the “irregular‐insufficient” sleep group (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.61 [0.45, 0.83]) after adjusting for socio‐demographics, lifestyle, medical comorbidities and sleep disorders. In conclusion, a “regular‐optimal” sleep pattern was significantly associated with a lower hazard of all‐cause mortality. The regular‐optimal phenotype maps behaviourally to regular bed and wake times, suggesting sleep benefits of adherence to recommended healthy sleep practices, with further potential benefits for longevity.
Autoimmune liver diseases and diabetes: A propensity score matched analysis and a proportional meta‐analysis
Authors: Jensen Anne‐Sofie H. , Winther‐Sørensen Marie , Burisch Johan , Bergquist Annika , Ytting Henriette , Gluud Lise L. , Wewer Albrechtsen Nicolai J.
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims

Patients with some chronic liver diseases have increased risk of diabetes. Whether this is also the case for patients with autoimmune liver diseases is unknown. The study aimed to calculate risk and worldwide prevalence of diabetes in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

Methods

We performed a case–control study using data from the United Kingdom Biobank (UKB) and compared frequency of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in AIH and PBC with age‐, sex‐, BMI‐ and ethnicity‐matched controls. Next, we performed a systematic review and proportional meta‐analysis searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science (inception to 1 May 2022 [AIH]; 20 August 2022 [PBC]; 11 November 2022 [PSC]). The pooled prevalence of diabetes was calculated using an inverse method random effects model.

Results

Three hundred twenty‐eight AIH patients and 345 PBC patients were identified in UKB and risk of T1D and T2D significantly increased compared with matched controls. Our systematic search identified 6914 records including the UKB study. Of these, 77 studies were eligible for inclusion comprising 36 467, 39 924 and 4877 individuals with AIH, PBC and PSC, respectively. The pooled prevalence of T1D was 3.8% (2.6%–5.7%), 1.7% (0.9%–3.1%), 3.1% (1.9%–4.8%) and of T2D 14.8% (11.1%–19.5%), 18.1% (14.6%–22.2%), 6.3% (2.8%–13.3%) in patients with AIH, PBC and PSC, respectively.

Conclusions

Patients with autoimmune liver diseases have increased risk of diabetes. Increased awareness of diabetes risk in patients with autoimmune liver diseases is warranted.
Mechanisms and aetiology‐dependent treatment of acute liver failure
Authors: Lemmer Peter , Sowa Jan‐Peter , Bulut Yesim , Strnad Pavel , Canbay Ali
Published: September 2023

This review compiles the mechanisms of acute liver failure (ALF) as well as the current and potential therapeutic approaches, including aetiology‐specific treatment, and the issues encountered with such approaches. On a cellular level, ALF is characterized by massive hepatocyte death due to different types of cellular demise. Compensatory hyperplasia and functional recovery are possible when the regenerative capacity is sufficient to sustain hepatic function. ALF has a high mortality of about 30% and can lead to death in a very short time despite maximum therapeutic intervention. Besides aetiology‐specific therapy and intensive care, the therapeutic option of emergency liver transplantation has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with ALF. However, due to limiting factors such as organ shortage, many patients die on the waiting list. In addition to graft assessment, machine perfusion may have the potential to recondition marginal organs and thus expand the organ donor pool.
Patterns, timing, and environmental drivers of growth in two coexisting green‐stemmed Mediterranean alpine shrubs species
Authors: Albrecht Eike Corina , Dobbert Svenja , Pape Roland , Löffler Jörg
Published: September 2023

The Mediterranean alpine is one of the most vulnerable ecosystems under future environmental change. Yet, patterns, timing and environmental controls of plant growth are poorly investigated. We aimed at an improved understanding of growth processes, as well as stem swelling and shrinking patterns, by examining two common coexisting green‐stemmed shrub species.

Using dendrometers to measure daily stem diameter changes, we separated these changes into water‐related shrinking and swelling and irreversible growth. Implementing correlation analysis, linear mixed effects models, and partial least squares regression on time series of stem diameter changes, with corresponding soil temperature and moisture data as environmental predictors, we found species‐specific growth patterns related to different drought‐adaptive strategies.

We show that the winter‐cold‐adapted species Cytisus galianoi uses a drought tolerance strategy combined with a high ecological plasticity, and is, thus, able to gain competitive advantages under future climate warming. In contrast, Genista versicolor is restricted to a narrower ecological niche using a winter‐cold escape and drought avoidance strategy, which might be of disadvantage in a changing climate.

Pregrowth environmental conditions were more relevant than conditions during growth, controlling the species' resource availability. Thus, studies focusing on current driver constellations of growth may fail to predict a species’ ecological niche and its potential future performance.
Strategies for becoming a more desirable mate: Evidence from 14 countries
Authors: Apostolou Menelaos , Sullman Mark , Birkás Béla , Błachnio Agata , Bushina Ekaterina , Calvo Fran , Costello William , Dujlovic Tanja , Hill Tetiana , Lisun Yanina , Manrique‐Millones Denisse , Manrique‐Pino Oscar , Meskó Norbert , Nechtelberger Martin , Ohtsubo Yohsuke , Ollhoff Christian Kenji , Przepiórka Aneta , Putz Ádám , Tagliabue Mariaelena , Tekeş Burcu , Thomas Andrew , Valentova Jaroslava Varella , Varella Marco Antonio Correa , Wang Yan , Wright Paula , Font‐Mayolas Sílvia
Published: September 2023

The current research aimed to study the strategies that people employ in order to become more desirable as mates in different cultural settings. More specifically, using a closed‐ended questionnaire on a sample of 7181 participants from 14 different countries, we identified 10 different strategies that people employ to become more appealing as mates. Participants indicated that they had more frequently used the “Enhance looks,” followed by the “Show off abilities and talents,” and the “Demonstrate similarity” strategies. On the other hand, they had less frequently used the “Keep undesirable things hidden,” the “Show off and exaggerate wealth and abilities,” and the “Drastic appearance changes” strategies. Female participants indicated that they had more extensive used the “Enhance looks” strategy than male participants, while male participants indicated that they had more extensive used the “Increase income and social status” and the “Show off and exaggerate wealth and abilities” strategies than female participants. The sex effects, as well as the extent of use, were generally consistent across the different cultures. The identified strategies were classified further into two main strategies, namely the “Develop and demonstrate desirable traits” and the “Deceive about undesirable traits,” which was generally consistent across the different countries.
Metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma: Toward the establishment of “metabolism‐based pathology”
Authors: Masui Kenta , Mischel Paul S.
Published: September 2023

Molecular genetic approaches are now mandatory for cancer diagnostics, especially for brain tumors. Genotype‐based diagnosis has predominated over the phenotype‐based approach, with its prognostic and predictive powers. However, comprehensive genetic testing would be difficult to perform in the clinical setting, and translational research is required to histologically decipher the peculiar biology of cancer. Of interest, recent studies have demonstrated discrete links between oncogenotypes and the resultant metabolic phenotypes, revealing cancer metabolism as a promising histologic surrogate to reveal specific characteristics of each cancer type and indicate the best way to manage cancer patients. Here, we provide an overview of our research progress to work on cancer metabolism, with a particular focus on the genomically well‐characterized malignant tumor glioblastoma. With the use of clinically relevant animal models and human tissue, we found that metabolic reprogramming plays a major role in the aggressive cancer biology by conferring therapeutic resistance to cancer cells and rewiring their epigenomic landscapes. We further discuss our future endeavor to establish “metabolism‐based pathology” on how the basic knowledge of cancer metabolism could be leveraged to improve the management of patients by linking cancer cell genotype, epigenotype, and phenotype through metabolic reprogramming.
The association between preconception cannabis use and gestational diabetes mellitus: The Preconception Period Analysis of Risks and Exposures Influencing health and Development (PrePARED) consortium
Authors: Pan Ke , Jukic Anne Marie , Mishra Gita D. , Mumford Sunni L. , Wise Lauren A. , Schisterman Enrique F. , Ley Sylvia H. , Charlton Brittany M. , Chavarro Jorge E. , Hart Jaime E. , Sidney Stephen , Xiong Xu , Barbosa‐Leiker Celestina , Schliep Karen C. , Shaffer Jeffrey G. , Bazzano Lydia A. , Harville Emily W.
Published: September 2023

Background

The metabolic changes that ultimately lead to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) likely begin before pregnancy. Cannabis use might increase the risk of GDM by increasing appetite or promoting fat deposition and adipogenesis.

Objectives

We aimed to assess the association between preconception cannabis use and GDM incidence.

Methods

We analysed individual‐level data from eight prospective cohort studies. We identified the first, or index, pregnancy (lasting ≥20 weeks of gestation with GDM status) after cannabis use. In analyses of pooled individual‐level data, we used logistic regression to estimate study‐type‐specific odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for potential confounders using random effect meta‐analysis to combine study‐type‐specific ORs and 95% CIs. Stratified analyses assessed potential effect modification by preconception tobacco use and pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI).

Results

Of 17,880 participants with an index pregnancy, 1198 (6.7%) were diagnosed with GDM. Before the index pregnancy, 12.5% of participants used cannabis in the past year. Overall, there was no association between preconception cannabis use in the past year and GDM (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.79, 1.18). Among participants who never used tobacco, however, those who used cannabis more than weekly had a higher risk of developing GDM than those who did not use cannabis in the past year (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.15, 6.09). This association was not present among former or current tobacco users. Results were similar across all preconception BMI groups.

Conclusions

In this pooled analysis of preconception cohort studies, preconception cannabis use was associated with a higher risk of developing GDM among individuals who never used tobacco but not among individuals who formerly or currently used tobacco. Future studies with more detailed measurements are needed to investigate the influence of preconception cannabis use on pregnancy complications.
The influence of glioblastoma on patients' cognitive and demographic characteristics and psychological well‐being of patients and caregivers: a single‐centre retrospective study
Authors: Günerhan Göksal , Öcal Özgür , Dağlar Zeynep , Çağıl Emin , Ertuğrul Yavuz , Belen Ahmet Deniz
Published: September 2023

Background

Glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary brain tumour in adults, poses significant challenges for patients and their caregivers. This study investigates a range of clinical parameters, such as symptoms, tumour characteristics, presence of seizures, mental status, and depression/anxiety, in glioblastoma patients. The rapid deterioration of physical and cognitive functions experienced by patients can have profound effects on both patients and their relatives throughout the course of the disease. The objective of this study was to examine and compare psychological symptoms between glioblastoma patients and their relatives.

Materials and Methods

The study included 98 adult patients with glioblastoma who underwent pre‐ and postoperative cognitive assessments using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was also used to evaluate and compare psychological symptoms of patients and their relatives over time. Seizures were seen in 45.9% of patients, and the mean age of the patients was 60.1 ± 13.8 years. The patients were evaluated at various time intervals before and after surgery, and the data were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

The study found that before surgery, the anxiety levels of caregivers were significantly higher than those of patients during all evaluation periods. Additionally, the depression scores of caregivers were significantly higher than those of patients only in the first month following the operation. There were no significant differences in depression scores between patients and caregivers in the other assessment intervals. The average cognitive level of patients, as assessed by the MMSE scale was 22.4 before the operation and 20.9 after the operation.

Conclusion

Glioblastoma has a significant impact on the mental health and emotional well‐being of both patients and their relatives. This study highlights the importance of providing early support to both patients and their relatives before surgery. The study's strength is that it focuses on an early time point, prior to surgery, where both patients and their relatives are already affected and may require additional support. The results of this study can help healthcare professionals to better understand the psychological impact of glioblastoma and provide more targeted support to patients and their caregivers.
Efficacy evaluation of endolift laser for treatment of nasolabial folds and marionette lines
Authors: Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali , Heidari‐Kharaji Maryam , Fakhim Tannaz , Hosseini Seyedeh Tina , Rafiee Shohreh , Shahverdi Mohammadhasan , Najar Nobari Niloufar
Published: September 2023

Background

The nasolabial folds are the most marked sign of aging. Endolift laser was used for the treatment of nasolabial folds and marionette lines (one of the facial danger zones).

Methods

Ten female subjects were engaged in this study. Patients underwent Endolift laser for nasolabial folds and marionette lines treatment. The efficacy of the Endolift technique on the nasolabial folds and marionette lines was evaluated by biometric assessment with Cutometer, Visioface, and the Skin Ultrasound Imaging system. Also, patient's satisfaction and blinded dermatologists’ assessment were assessed.

Results

The Visoface results displayed that the Endolift laser treatment significantly declined the depth and area of the nasolabial wrinkles. The skin ultrasonography results reported that the epidermis and dermis density and thickness were significantly increased. Also, the cutometer outcomes showed that the Endolift laser treatment can increase skin elasticity. The results showed that a large number of patients were very satisfied with the technique.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Endolift laser has an effective technique for decreasing the nasolabial folds, marionette lines, and improve the appearance of the face without any sever side effect. This technique does not need general anesthesia and recovery time.
The landscape of CO2 emissions across Africa: A comparative perspective
Authors: de Melo Jaime , Solleder Jean‐Marc
Published: September 2023

This paper provides evidence on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for 51 African and 132 other countries in 163 sectors over the period 1995–2015. The resulting landscape is summarised in four patterns. Patterns identified for Africa differ from those identified for other regions but are closely related to a synthetic aggregate comparator based on key country characteristics. (1) All regions have reduced emission intensities over the period 1995–2015. Africa's share of global CO2 emissions has remained constant from 1995 to 2015. (2) The carbon intensity of production has increased in Africa in both decades. Over half of the 20 top African emitting countries shifted towards more carbon‐intensive techniques. (3) Over 1995–2015, intra‐regional shares of emissions fell by seven percentage points to 84% for Africa. Africa's share of emissions originating from Asia rose from 4% to 11%. Europe's share of emissions from Africa rose from 2% to 4%, respectively. (4) The export basket of Africa is skewed towards high CO2 equivalent‐intensity products. CO2 emission intensities correlate positively with output upstreamness (OU) and input downstreamness (ID). The OU/ID indicator of position in a supply chain is negatively correlated with CO2 emission intensities within regions.