bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Visualization of Cathode/Electrolyte Evolution in Quasi‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Song Yue‐Xian , Shi Yang , Wan Jing , Liu Bing , Wan Li‐Jun , Wen Rui
Published: May 2020

Solid‐state lithium–sulfur batteries (SSLSBs) are highly appealing for electrochemical energy devices because of their promising theoretical energy density. An intensive acquaintance of SSLS interfacial behavior is of importance in gaining fundamental knowledge of working/failure mechanisms and clarifying further optimized design of advanced batteries. Herein, a direct visualization of the evolution of both component and structure is present inside a working SSLSB. In situ Raman spectroscopy clearly sheds light on the potential‐dependent evolution of sulfur speciation via subtly fabricating the electrochemical cell. Moreover, the real‐time optical microscopic views show that the irreversible structure deformation of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), which results from the decomposition of dissolved polysulfides (PSs) and gas generation inside the SSE, directly causes the fracture of sulfur cathode with the cycling times increasing. Furthermore, by an atomic force microscopy study, the evolving structure and dynamic behavior of SSEs are directly captured at the nano/microscale and further elucidate the PS shuttling determining the mechanism stability of electrolyte. This work provides a straightforward monitoring of the compositional and morphological evolution, which contributes one to exploring the failure mechanisms and interfacial reactions for the cell performance enhancement.
Randomized clinical trial to evaluate mometasone lavage vs spray for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps who have not undergone sinus surgery
Authors: Jiramongkolchai Pawina , Peterson Andrew , Kallogjeri Dorina , Lee Jake J. , Kukuljan Sara , Liebendorfer Adam , Schneider John S. , Klatt‐Cromwell Cristine N. , Drescher Andrew J. , Piccirillo Jay F.
Published: May 2020

Background

There is no consensus regarding the best route of intranasal delivery of corticosteroids in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The study objective of this work was to compare the impact of mometasone furoate nasal spray (MFNS) vs mometasone nasal irrigation in the management of CRS patients who have not undergone sinus surgery.

Methods

A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted in adults with CRS. Individuals with nasal polyps and/or history of sinus surgery were excluded. Patients were randomized to receive 8 weeks of either MFNS or mometasone nasal irrigation. The primary outcome measure was change in the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) score between the 2 groups. Secondary outcome measures included patient global response to treatment and Lund‐Kennedy endoscopy scores.

Results

A total of 43 participants completed the study (n = 22, MFNS; n = 21,mometasone nasal irrigation). Fourteen (64%) participants in the MFNS group and 17 (81%) in the mometasone lavage group had a clinically meaningful improvement in SNOT‐22 scores with a proportion difference of 17% (95% confidence interval [CI], −9% to 44%). The least‐squares (LS) mean difference between the 2 groups for SNOT‐22 was −8.6 (95% CI, −17.7 to 0.58; p = 0.07), whereas the LS mean difference between the 2 groups for Lund‐Kennedy endoscopy scores was 0.16 (95% CI, −0.84 to 1.15; p = 0.75). No adverse events were associated with the study.

Conclusion

Both MFNS and mometasone nasal irrigations are beneficial in symptom management of CRS. Our study suggests that patients who perform mometasone lavage do better in a clinically meaningful way, but our results are not definitive and further studies are warranted.
Four‐Component Borocarbonylation of Vinylarenes Enabled by Cooperative Cu/Pd Catalysis: Access to β‐Boryl Ketones and β‐Boryl Vinyl Esters
Authors: Yuan Yang , Wu Fu‐Peng , Xu Jian‐Xing , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: May 2020

We report here a general four‐component synthetic procedure for the preparation of β‐boryl ketones and β‐boryl vinyl esters. Joint catalyzed by palladium and copper catalysts, borocarbonylative reaction between vinylarenes, aryl halides/triflates, B2Pin2, and carbon monoxide proceed successfully. A variety of synthetically useful β‐boryl ketones were synthesized in good to high yields by using aryl iodides as the substrates. It is noteworthy that when aryl triflates were applied as the starting materials, β‐boryl vinyl esters were synthesized in a similar manner and with broad functional group tolerance. A rational mechanism for this reaction was also proposed.
Synthesis of Honeycomb‐Structured Beryllium Oxide via Graphene Liquid Cells
Authors: Wang Lifen , Liu Lei , Chen Ji , Mohsin Ali , Yum Jung Hwan , Hudnall Todd W. , Bielawski Christopher W. , Rajh Tijana , Bai Xuedong , Gao Shang‐Peng , Gu Gong
Published: May 2020

Using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy‐loss spectroscopy, we show that beryllium oxide crystallizes in the planar hexagonal structure in a graphene liquid cell by a wet‐chemistry approach. These liquid cells can feature van‐der‐Waals pressures up to 1 GPa, producing a miniaturized high‐pressure container for the crystallization in solution. The thickness of as‐received crystals is beyond the thermodynamic ultra‐thin limit above which the wurtzite phase is energetically more favorable according to the theoretical prediction. The crystallization of the planar phase is ascribed to the near‐free‐standing condition afforded by the graphene surface. Our calculations show that the energy barrier of the phase transition is responsible for the observed thickness beyond the previously predicted limit. These findings open a new door for exploring aqueous‐solution approaches of more metal‐oxide semiconductors with exotic phase structures and properties in graphene‐encapsulated confined cells.
L‐argininato copper(II) complexes in solution exert significant selective anticancer and antimicrobial activities
Authors: Wojciechowska Agnieszka , Szuster‐Ciesielska Agnieszka , Sztandera Monika , Bregier‐Jarzębowska Romualda , Jarząb Anna , Rojek Tomasz , Komarnicka Urszula K. , Bojarska‐Junak Agnieszka , Jezierska Julia
Published: May 2020

A search for new drugs that overcome the multidrug resistance of microorganisms or are effective against cancer cells prompted us to investigate the binary and ternary Cu(II) complexes containing L‐arginine, [CuCl(L‐Arg)(phen)]Cl·2H2O (phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) (1) and [Cu(L‐Arg)2(H2O)]C2O4·6H2O (2), for which crystal and molecular structures were characterized previously. In order to discuss the biological function, the complexes have been screened for their antitumor activity against A549 (human lung cancer cells), HepG2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells) and antimicrobial activity. To identify the complexes forms existing in the solutions of 1 and 2 crystals, the results obtained from EPR, NIR–Vis–UV and MS (mass spectrometry) measurements were correlated with those from analysis of potentiometric titration of Cu(II)―L‐Arg and Cu(II)―L‐Arg―phen systems. This comprehensive study indicated that the [Cu(L‐Arg)(phen)]2+ and [Cu(L‐Arg)2]2+ species are dominant in the solution. Complexes 1 and 2 were found to present specific ligand‐dependent cytotoxic and antiproliferative potential against cancer cells. They also show antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria as well as display antifungal properties.
Ionic liquid‐assisted synthesis of defect‐rich BiOI with controllable structure and high surface area for excellent visible‐light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Zhao Shuo , Dou Zhaolin , Liu Yuepeng , Lv Zhipeng , Cheng Yingzhi , Wang Yanyun , Jiang Man , Zhuo Shuping
Published: May 2020

In this study, BiOI materials with controllable structure are designed by using ionic liquid as I source and template to create the surface oxygen defects, thus promoting the photogenerated carrier migration and enhancing the photocatalytic activity. The texture of BiOI is controlled by adjusting the pH values of reaction mixture and the corresponding formation mechanism is also explored based on the self‐assembly behavior of ionic liquid. It is found that the sample BiOI‐7 possesses the ultrathin nanosheets (2 ~ 4 nm) and abundant surface oxygen defects which are beneficial for accelerating carrier transfer and facilitating photocatalytic degradation. The photocatalytic activity of as‐prepared BiOI is studied by using Rhodamine B (RhB), methyl orange (MO) and Bisphenol A (BPA) as target pollutants, respectively. Besides, water splitting reactions were also used to further check the photocatalytic activity. BiOI samples exhibit the enhanced photocatalytic activity than bulk BiOI and g‐C3N4 obtained by calcination of melamine. Especially, 92% of bisphenol A (BPA) can be degraded under light irradiation within 1 hr by using only 5 mg of BiOI‐7 nanosheets, which is superior than most counterparts reported so far. This rapidly synthetic route can be applied in fabrication of other novel materials with diverse morphology and porous structure.
Detection and analysis of soil water content based on experimental reflectance spectrum data
Authors: Ma Yahong , Fan Xiaojiao
Published: May 2020

In order to improve the yield of crops, the method of soil water content detection and analysis based on experimental reflectance spectrum data is adopted. From the four aspects of the farmland soil water detection based on reflection spectrum information, soil water content detection in farmland based on spectral absorption characteristics, remote sensing inversion of soil water content of farmland by reflectance spectra data, and soil water content detection in farmland based on near‐infrared spectroscopy, the soil water content of farmland can be analyzed. The absorption valley near 1,920 nm is the characteristic absorption valley of soil water in the black soil, which can be used to predict the water content of the black soil by the spectral characteristic parameters of the absorption valley; soil water will increase the absorption of radiation energy and reduce the overall reflectance spectra of soil. The quantitative monitoring of soil water content can be achieved by using the remote sensing model of soil water content in this paper. In the range of low soil water content, the reflectance decreases with the increase of soil water content in farmland, whereas in the range of high soil water content, it increases with the increase of soil water content in farmland. The correlation between soil water content and normalized spectral reflectance is positive and negative correlation and mainly negative correlation. The method can detect soil water content in farmland under extreme conditions of different texture, soil water, salinity, and organic matter. It is an effective method for soil water content detection.
Citation cascade and the evolution of topic relevance
Authors: Min Chao , Chen Qingyu , Yan Erjia , Bu Yi , Sun Jianjun
Published: May 2020

Citation analysis, as a tool for quantitative studies of science, has long emphasized direct citation relations, leaving indirect or high‐order citations overlooked. However, a series of early and recent studies demonstrate the existence of indirect and continuous citation impact across generations. Adding to the literature on high‐order citations, we introduce the concept of acitation cascade: the constitution of a series of subsequent citing events initiated by a certain publication. We investigate this citation structure by analyzing more than 450,000 articles and over 6 million citation relations. We show that citation impact exists not only within the three generations documented in prior research but also in much further generations. Still, our experimental results indicate that two to four generations are generally adequate to trace a work's scientific impact. We also explore specific structural properties—such as depth, width, structural virality, and size—which account for differences among individual citation cascades. Finally, we find evidence that it is more important for a scientific work to inspire trans‐domain (or indirectly related domain) works than to receive only intradomain recognition in order to achieve high impact. Our methods and findings can serve as a new tool for scientific evaluation and the modeling of scientific history.
Productivity growth and its determinants of the bioenergy industry in the EU28 region: Empirical evidence using Malmquist productivity index
Authors: Alsaleh Mohd , Zubair Azeem Oluwaseyi , Abdul‐Rahim Abdul Samad
Published: May 2020

In recent years, the bioenergy industry has been gaining recognition among renewable energy sources in many countries, specifically in the EU28 member states, the unified green energy legislation in which the bioenergy industry is a significant player in achieving several climate and energy efficiency goals. This research investigated the total factor productivity (TFP) of the bioenergy industry in the European Union during the period 1990–2018, using the Malmquist productivity index of the data envelopment analysis method. More so, this article estimates the economic factors of TFP, where a panel regression analysis framework was applied. The empirical results indicate that capital input, labor input, size of raw biomass, and investment influence on the TFP of the bioenergy industry of the European Union during the observed period. However, the labor input has the highest effect on TFP, followed by investment compare. The findings of the study suggest that regulators should focus more on research and development so labor augmentation and other input variables can further improve the TFP of the bioenergy industry.
Long‐term symptoms of polyneuropathy in breast and colorectal cancer patients treated with and without adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Bennedsgaard Kristine , Ventzel Lise , Themistocleous Andreas C. , Bennett David L. , Jensen Anders B. , Jensen Anni R. , Andersen Niels T. , Jensen Troels S. , Tankisi Hatice , Finnerup Nanna B.
Published: May 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to assess chemotherapy‐induced polyneuropathy (CIPN) 5 years after adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast and colorectal cancer. The association of CIPN with quality of life, anxiety, and depression was analyzed.

Methods

Of a set of 100 patients with breast cancer and of 74 with colorectal cancer who had undergone surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy in 2011‐2012, 80 and 52 patients alive, respectively, were included together with two reference groups of 249 breast cancer patients and 83 colorectal cancer patients who had undergone surgery only. All patients were sent a questionnaire on alcohol consumption, smoking habits, comorbidity, medicine consumption, and oxaliplatin‐specific questions, as well as the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument questionnaire (MNSIq), the Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions (DN4q), the EQ‐5D, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Possible polyneuropathy was defined as the presence of numbness and/or tingling in the feet, secondly as a score of ≥4 on the MNSIq. Possible painful polyneuropathy was defined as pain in both feet and a score ≥3 on the DN4q.

Results

The prevalence of possible polyneuropathy defined by numbness and/or tingling in the feet was 38.8% (28.1‐50.3) after adjuvant docetaxel and 57.7% (43.2‐71.3) after adjuvant oxaliplatin, with no significant difference from a previous 1‐year follow‐up (P >.35). Fewer had possible polyneuropathy as defined by the MNSIq. Patients with possible polyneuropathy after adjuvant chemotherapy reported significantly lower quality of life than patients treated with surgery only.

Conclusion

Symptoms of polyneuropathy following adjuvant docetaxel and oxaliplatin persist 5 years after treatment and affect quality of life negatively.
Chemical Diversity of Volatile Compounds of Mints from Southern Part of Pannonian Plain and Balkan Peninsula – New Data
Authors: Bokić Bojana S. , Rat Milica M. , Kladar Nebojša V. , Anačkov Goran T. , Božin Biljana N.
Published: May 2020

Mints are the most popular economic and traditional herbs. The aim of this article was chemical characterization of volatile compounds from wild populations of Mentha aquatica, M. arvensis, M. longifolia, M. microphylla, M. pulegium, M. spicata, M.×dumetorum, M.×gentillis and M.×verticillata, as well as cultivated samples of M. spicata, M.×piperita ‘Alba’ and M.×piperita ‘Crispa’. Analyses were performed directly from dried aerial parts (herb) of collected samples by headspace gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. In total 54 compounds were detected, representing from 89.99 % to 99.66 % of volatile fractions of all investigated samples. The recorded volatiles were primarily monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes, while oxygenated aromatic monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and aliphatic compounds were present in lower concentrations in analyzed samples. The major components were linalool, limonene, 1,8‐cineol, α‐terpinyl acetate, pulegone, β‐pinene and menthol. The cluster analysis revealed five main groups or chemotypes according to qualitative and quantitative content of volatiles, as well as similarities among samples. These results contribute to the knowledge on the mints chemistry in Pannonian Plain and Balkan Peninsula.
Extra‐CNS metastasis of glioblastoma multiforme to cervical lymph nodes and parotid gland: A case report
Authors: Alhoulaiby Sami , Abdulrahman Ali , Alouni Ghazal , Mahfoud Mufed , Shihabi Zuhair
Published: May 2020

Extra CNS metastasis of glioblastoma multiforme is extremely rare. We report a case of a 53‐year‐old Caucasian male who, after undergoing surgical resection and nine months adjuvant therapy, had a recurrence of the cancer with an infiltration expanding outside the cranium to the left maxilla, mandible and parotid gland.
Autologously Humanized Mice for Immune‐Oncologic Studies
Authors: Fu Juan , Kim Young J.
Published: May 2020

With the rapid approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors for lung, melanoma, breast, genitourinary, and hematological malignancies, the hematopoietic cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are now considered an important, if not essential, consideration for cancer scientists. In many instances, syngeneic murine models have not been highly predictive for responsiveness in clinical trials. Our limited understanding of the human TME have, therefore, precluded a rational translation of immunotherapeutic combinations. This has led to the adoption of hematopoietic humanized murine models for the study of human tumor immunology in vivo. However, concerns about chimerism rates, HLA mismatching, and incomplete reconstitution of the innate immune system have driven a quest for improvements in these allogeneic humanized murine systems. Presented in this article is a completely autologous xenotransplantation method for reconstituting the human tumor immune microenvironment in vivo without the use of a patient's peripheral blood which is known to be associated with low engraftment rates. With this new approach, the current limitations of allogeneic humanized models are avoided by using matched bone marrow cells (BMCs) and derived tumor xenoplants (PDXs) from solid tumors in cancer patients. This autologous system provides a platform for studying endogenous lymphocytic and myeloid cell infiltration into the human tumor in vivo. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Autologous reconstitution of human tumors

Support Protocol 1: Transduction of BMCs and/or tumor cells prior to autologous reconstitution

Support Protocol 2: Modeling immunotherapeutic agents in an autologously humanized model
Analysis of Busulfan in Plasma by Liquid Chromatography‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS)
Authors: Pablo Abed , Breaud Autumn R. , Clarke William
Published: May 2020

Bone marrow transplantation is used to treat particular types of cancers such as lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma. Appropriate dosing of busulfan during the preparative phase is critical for a successful allograft; if blood concentrations get too high significant liver toxicity can occur, if blood concentrations are too low, then graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) can develop. Busulfan monitoring in blood allows hospitals with the opportunity to provide individualized medicine to patients and improve overall patient outcome. Liquid Chromatography‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) is an important analytical method for quantification of busulfan in plasma in order to optimize the dose. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Analysis of busulfan by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
How to apply responsible leadership theory in practice: A competency tool to collaborate on the sustainable development goals
Authors: Muff Katrin , Liechti Anna , Dyllick Thomas
Published: May 2020

In the era of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and calls for climate action, business is challenged to respond more effectively to societal and environmental challenges. Collaboration with stakeholders requires an ability for broader collaboration competencies. These form a part of an established literature on responsible leadership (RL) competencies. Human resources managers, consultants and educators in charge of developing such competencies demand clarity on the definition and a practical measurement tool for RL. This paper addresses both by proposing a RL definition and a RL competency model, that has been operationalized into a free online tool for individuals and groups. This free Competency Assessment for Responsible Leadership (CARL) tool is used to assess stakeholder engagement, individual and group leadership development, and internal sustainable development transformation work. The CARL online tool serves to systematically analyze and develop RL competencies, both in business and educational practices, and helps advance the RL theory based on insights from practice.
Boron application increases growth of Brazilian Cerrado grasses
Authors: Lannes Luciola Santos , Olde Venterink Harry , Leite Matheus Roberto , Silva Jaqueline Nascimento , Oberhofer Martina
Published: May 2020

Nutrients are known to limit productivity of plant communities around the world. In the Brazilian Cerrado, indirect evidences point to phosphorus as the main limiting nutrient, but some fertilization experiments suggest that one or more micronutrients might play this role. Boron is one of the essential micronutrients for plants. Agronomically, it received some attention, but it has mostly been neglected in ecological studies assessing the effects of nutrients on plant growth. Through field fertilization and mesocosm experiments in a degraded area in the Cerrado, we show that boron addition increased biomass production of herbaceous vegetation. This could be related to a lower aluminum uptake in the boron fertilized plants. Even considering that plant growth was promoted by boron addition due to aluminum toxicity alleviation, this is the first study reporting boron limitation in natural, noncultivated plant communities and also the first report of this kind in vegetative grasses. These results contribute to disentangling patterns of nutrient limitation among plant species of the species‐rich, aluminum‐rich, and nutrient‐poor Cerrado biome and highlight the potential role of micronutrients, such as boron, for growth of noncrop plants. Understanding how nutrient limitation differs among functional groups in the highly biodiverse areas founded on ancient tropical soils may help managing these plant communities in a changing world.
Impact of mitral regurgitation on cardiovascular hospitalization and death in newly diagnosed heart failure patients
Authors: Cork David P. , McCullough Peter A. , Mehta Hirsch S. , Barker Colin M. , Gunnarsson Candace , Ryan Michael P. , Baker Erin R. , Van Houten Joanna , Mollenkopf Sarah , Verta Patrick
Published: May 2020

Aims

Heart failure (HF) carries a poor prognosis, and the impact of concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) is not well understood. This analysis aimed to estimate the incremental effect of MR in patients newly diagnosed with HF.

Methods and results

Data from the IBM® MarketScan® Research Databases were analysed. Included patients had at least one inpatient or two outpatient HF claims. A 6 month post‐period after HF index was used to capture MR diagnosis and severity. HF patients were separated into three cohorts: without MR (no MR), not clinically significant MR (nsMR), and significant MR (sMR). Time‐to‐event analyses were modelled to estimate the clinical burden of disease. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of death or cardiovascular (CV)‐related admission. Secondary outcomes were death and CV hospitalization alone. All models controlled for baseline demographics and co‐morbidities. Patients with sMR were at significantly higher risk of either death or CV admission compared with patients with no MR [hazard ratio (HR) 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–1.39]. When evaluating death alone, patients with sMR had significantly higher risk of death (HR 1.24; 95% CI 1.08–1.43) compared with patients with no MR. When evaluating CV admission alone, patients with MR were at higher risk of hospital admission vs. patients with no MR, and the magnitude was dependent upon the MR severity: sMR (HR 1.55; 95% CI 1.38–1.74) and nsMR (HR 1.23; 95% CI 1.08–1.40).

Conclusions

Evidence of MR in retrospective claims significantly increases the clinical burden of incident HF patients. Time to death and CV hospitalizations are increased when MR is clinically significant.
Metal‐Chelated Biomimetic Polyelectrolyte as a Powerful Binder for High‐Performance Micron Silicon Anodes
Authors: Guan Xiang , Yong Yuanxing , Wu Qingping , Zhang Xiaowan , Guo Xuhong , Li Chilin , Xu Jun
Published: May 2020

High‐capacity silicon anodes have attracted tremendous interest for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, its further application is limited by the large volume expansion during cycling. Designing nanostructured silicon is an effective strategy to acquire high‐performance anodes, but it will face problems of high cost and poor coulombic efficiency. As a comparison, surface modification of micron silicon is more economically viable. Herein, a novel route is proposed to synthesize metal‐chelated biomimetic polyelectrolyte as a powerful binder, which wraps micron silicon particles in a thin Fe3+–polydopamine (PDA) layer with a thickness of 2–5 nm. The introduced Fe3+ can form powerful metal‐chelated bonds with PDA at appropriate hydrothermal temperature (160 °C). As a result, the mechanical strength of the protective layer is enhanced and the electrochemical activity of micron silicon is improved. Meanwhile, the 3D crosslinking structure formed through the esterification between the elastic polymer layer and polyacrylic acid (PAA) further guarantees the structural stability of anodes. Batteries using Si@Fe3+–PDA–160/PAA anode exhibit excellent cycling performance with stable capacity of 2000 mAh g−1 over 200 cycles at 0.5 C and high capacity retention ratio of 80% after 100 cycles at 0.1 C.
Modeling cave cross‐section evolution including sediment transport and paragenesis
Authors: Cooper Max P. , Covington Matthew D.
Published: May 2020

Deposits within caves are often used to interpret past landscape evolution and climate conditions. However, cave passage shapes also preserve information about past conditions. Despite the usefulness of passage shape, no previous models simulate cave cross‐section evolution in a realistic manner. Here we develop a model for evolving cave passage cross‐sections using a shear stress estimation algorithm and a shear stress erosion rule. Our model qualitatively duplicates observed cave passage shapes so long as erosion rates vary with shear stress, as in the case of transport limited dissolution or mechanical erosion. This result provides further evidence that erosion rates within caves are not typically limited by surface reaction rates, even though current speleogenesis models predict surface‐rate limitation under most turbulent flow conditions. By adding sediment transport and alluviation to the model we successfully simulate paragenetic channels. Simulations duplicate the hypothesized dynamics of paragenesis, whereby: 1) the cross‐section of a phreatic passage grows until shear stress is sufficiently reduced that alluviation occurs, 2) the floor of the passage becomes armored and erosion continues on the ceiling and walls, 3) negative feedback produces an equilibrium cross‐sectional area such that shear stress is sufficient to transport incoming sediment. We derive an approximate scaling relationship that indicates that equilibrium paragenetic channel width scales with the square root of discharge, and weakly with the inverse of sediment supply. Simulations confirm this relationship and show that erosion mechanism, sediment size, and roughness are secondary controls. The inverse scaling of width with sediment supply in paragenetic channels contrasts with surface bedrock channels, which respond to larger sediment supplies by widening. Our model provides a first step in simulating cave cross‐section evolution and points to the need for a better understanding of the dominant erosion mechanisms in soluble bedrock channels. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term impact of the proglacial lake Jökulsárlón on the flow velocity and stability of Breiðamerkurjökull glacier, Iceland
Authors: Baurley Nathaniel R. , Robson Benjamin A. , Hart Jane K.
Published: May 2020

Proglacial lakes are becoming ubiquitous at the termini of many glaciers worldwide due to continued climate warming and glacier retreat, and such lakes have important consequences for the dynamics and future stability of these glaciers. In light of this, we quantified decadal changes in glacier velocity since 1991 using satellite remote sensing for Breiðamerkurjökull, a large lake‐terminating glacier in Iceland. We investigated its frontal retreat, lake area change and ice surface elevation change, combined with bed topography data, to understand its recent rapid retreat and future stability. We observed highly spatially variable velocity change from 1991 to 2015, with a substantial increase in peak velocity observed at the terminus of the lake‐terminating eastern arm from ~1.00 ± 0.36 m day−1 in 1991 to 3.50 ± 0.25 m day−1 in 2015, with mean velocities remaining elevated from 2008 onwards. This is in stark comparison to the predominately land‐terminating arms, which saw no discernible change in their velocity over the same period. We also observed a substantial increase in the area of the main proglacial lake (Jökulsárlón) since 1982 of ~20 km2, equating to an annual growth rate of 0.55 km2 year−1. Over the same period, the eastern arm retreated by ~3.50 km, which is significantly greater than the other arms. Such discrepancies between the different arms are due to the growth and, importantly, depth increase of Jökulsárlón, as the eastern arm has retreated into its ~300 m‐deep reverse‐sloping subglacial trough. We suggest that this growth in lake area, forced initially by rising air temperatures, combined with the increase in lake depth, triggered an increase in flow acceleration, leading to further rapid retreat and the initiation of a positive feedback mechanism. These findings may have important implications for how increased melt and calving forced by climate change will affect the future stability of large soft‐bedded, reverse‐sloped, subaqueous‐terminating glaciers elsewhere. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Influence of topographic, geomorphic, and hydrologic variables on beaver dam height and persistence in the intermountain western United States
Authors: Hafen Konrad C. , Wheaton Joseph M. , Roper Brett B. , Bailey Philip , Bouwes Nicolaas
Published: May 2020

Stream ecosystems can be dramatically altered by dam‐building activities of North American beaver (Castor canadensis). The extent to which beavers’ ecosystem engineering alters riverscapes is driven by the density, longevity, and size (i.e. height and length) of the dams constructed. In comparison to the relative ubiquity of beaver dams on the landscape, there is a scarcity of data describing dam heights. We collected data describing dam height and dam condition (i.e. damaged or intact) of 500 beaver dams via rapid field survey, differentiating between primary and secondary dams and associating each dam with a beaver dam complex. With these data, we examined the influence of beaver dam type (primary/secondary), drainage area, streamflow, stream power, valley bottom width, and HUC12 watershed on beaver dam height with linear regression and the probability that a beaver dam was damaged with logistic regression. On average, primary dams were 0.46 m taller than secondary dams; 15% of observed dams were primary and 85% secondary. Dam type accounted for 21% of dam height variation (p <0.0001). Slope (p = 0.0107), discharge (p = 0.0029), and drainage area (p = 0.0399) also affected dam height, but each accounted for less than 3% of dam height variation. The average number of dams in a dam complex was 6.1 (SD ± 4.5) and ranged from 1 to 21. The watershed a beaver dam was located in accounted for the most variability (17.8%) in the probability that a beaver dam was damaged, which was greater than the variability explained by any multiple logistic regression model. These results indicate that temporally dynamic variables are important influencers of dam longevity and that beaver dam ecology is a primary factor influencing beaver dam height. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Production and characterization of freeze‐dried banana slices pretreated with ascorbic acid and quince seed mucilage: Physical and functional properties
Authors: Milani Alireza , Jouki Mohammad , Rabbani Mohammad
Published: May 2020

The objective of this investigation was to illustrate the effects of quince seed mucilage (QSM) and ascorbic acid pretreatments to prevent the quality of freeze‐dried banana slices. The studied parameters were moisture content, antioxidant activity, total phenol, color properties, structural properties, and sensory evaluation. Both treatments were effective in protecting total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in dried banana slices (P ˂ .05). The control slices showed greater increase in browning index (BI) and greater decrease in lightness (L*) than pretreated dried samples. Ascorbic acid and QSM treatments can be effective in the control of the enzymatic browning along with maintaining the quality properties of banana chips. Therefore, using of immersion pretreatment with 0.25% QSM and 0.05% ascorbic acid is recommended to prevent enzymatic browning as well as maintain the quality of banana chips before the drying process.
Formulation and biochemical evaluation of designer diet enriched with botanicals for bone health
Authors: Yasmeen Ammara , Arshad Muhammad Sajid , Ahmad Rabia Shabir , Saeed Farhan , Imran Ali , Anjum Faqir Muhammad , Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul
Published: May 2020

The study designed to evaluate the role of sesame, fenugreek flax, and nuts seeds as best alternatives for therapeutic agents to improve bone mineral status. Effect of these plant seeds on proximate composition, antioxidant potential, mineral, fatty acid, and amino acid profile of supplements was studied. The sesame, fenugreek, and flaxseeds were incorporated with nuts at level of 35% to develop supplement. Improved contents of protein, fat, and NFE were recorded in range of 25.72–32.23, 18.92–23.15, and 34.25%–39.59%, correspondingly. The antioxidant potential of supplements is high (450.56 mg GAE/ 100g) prepared with fenugreek followed by flaxseeds and sesame seeds. Calcium as fundamental bone mineral found greater (525.15%–790.21%) in seed‐based supplement. Enhanced contents of Oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids ranged 17.32–41.78, 21.72–44.23, and 1.00%–47.12%, respectively. Nutritional enriched supplements may be best alternatives for improving bone health by lowering osteoclast and increasing osteoblast mechanism in bone development.
The role of head and neck cancer advocacy organizations during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Yan Flora , Rauscher Erika , Hollinger Amanda , Caputo Mary Ann , Ready John , Fakhry Carole , Nathan Cherie‐Ann O. , Leonardis Chris , Yearout Danielle , Tsue Terance T. , Day Terry A. , Moore Michael G.
Published: May 2020

The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a significant impact on many aspects of head and neck cancer (HNC) care. The uncertainty and stress resulting from these changes has led many patients and caregivers to turn to HNC advocacy groups for guidance and support. Here we outline some of the issues being faced by patients with HNC during the current crisis and provide examples of programs being developed by advocacy groups to address them. We also highlight the increased utilization of these organizations that has been observed as well as some of the challenges being faced by these not‐for‐profit groups as they work to serve the head and neck community.
Immunomodulatory treatment for mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT lymphoma)
Authors: Kiesewetter Barbara , Raderer Markus
Published: May 2020

The pathogenesis of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma has been characterized as a dynamic process driven by lymphoma cell dependency on T‐cell signaling, chronic antigenic stimulation of marginal zone B‐cells and activation of the nuclear factor‐kappa B signaling pathway. This concept is underlined by the strong causal connection of chronic Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis and MALT lymphoma development based on perpetual auto‐antigenic stimulation of Helicobacter pylori‐specific T‐cells, but also its association with further potential infectious triggers and autoimmune disorders for extragastric lymphoma sites. Thus, given the dependency of MALT lymphoma cells on the tumor microenvironment, this specific entity appears highly suitable for immunomodulatory treatment strategies. Several approaches have been assessed in the last years including promising data on immunomodulatory agents “IMiDs” thalidomide and lenalidomide, macrolide antibiotics and antibodies. The aim of the present review is to discuss rationales for immunomodulatory therapies in MALT lymphoma and to present the statu quo on immunomodulatory and therefore chemotherapy‐free treatment strategies for these patients.
Epigenetic priming with decitabine followed by low dose idarubicin and cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia evolving from myelodysplastic syndromes and higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes: a prospective multicenter single‐arm trial
Authors: Zhou Xinping , Mei Chen , Zhang Jin , Lu Ying , Lan Jianping , Lin Shengyun , Zhang Yuefeng , Kuang Yuemin , Ren Yanling , Ma Liya , Wei Juying , Ye Li , Xu Weilai , Li Kongfei , Lu Chenxi , Jin Jie , Tong Hongyan
Published: May 2020

Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) evolving from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or higher‐risk MDS have limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Our previous single‐center study of decitabine followed by low dose idarubicin and cytarabine (D‐IA) in patients with myeloid neoplasms showed promising primary results. We therefore conducted a multicenter study of D‐IA regimen in AML evolving from MDS and higher‐risk MDS. Patients with AML evolving from MDS or refractory anemia with excess blasts type 2 (RAEB‐2) (based on the 2008 WHO classification) were included. The D‐IA regimen (decitabine, 20 mg/m2 daily, days 1 to 3; idarubicin, 6 mg/m2 daily, days 4 to 6; cytarabine 25 mg/m2 every 12 hours, days 4 to 8; granulocyte colony stimulating factor [G‐CSF], 5 μg/kg, from day 4 until neutrophil count increased to 1.0 × 109/L) was administered as induction chemotherapy. Seventy‐one patients were enrolled and treated, among whom 44 (62.0%) had AML evolving from MDS and 27 (38.0%) had RAEB‐2. Twenty‐eight (63.6%) AML patients achieved complete remission (CR) or complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi): 14 (31.8%) patients had CR and 14 (31.8%) had CRi. Six (22.2%) MDS patients had CR and 15 (55.6%) had marrow complete remission. The median overall survival (OS) was 22.4 months for the entire group, with a median OS of 24.2 months for AML and 20.0 months for MDS subgroup. No early death occurred. In conclusion, the D‐IA regimen was effective and well tolerated, representing an alternative option for patients with AML evolving from MDS or MDS subtype RAEB‐2.
Evaluation of folate receptor‐mediated tumor detection as a triage tool in cervical cancer screening
Authors: Zhao Yun , Li Mingzhu , Li Yali , Lv Qiubo , Chen Fei , Li Bin , Zhang Zhenyu , Guo Hongyan , Lu Dan , Wang Fengying , Zhai Jianjun , Feng Limin , Lai Ailuan , Li Hongxia , Yao Chen , Wei Lihui
Published: May 2020

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of folate receptor‐mediated tumor detection (FRD) for identifying high‐grade intraepithelial squamous lesions (HSIL) in the triage of women who are positive for human papillomavirus (HPV), and those with cytology findings of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS).

Method

A secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from 1504 women who had abnormal results during primary cervical cancer screening at 13 hospitals in Beijing, China, between November 2014 and August 2015. The detection accuracy of FRD was evaluated among HPV‐positive women and women with ASCUS referred for colposcopy examination.

Results

Among 1338 women with HPV, the percentage coincidence with pathology findings was higher for FRD (66.7%) than for cytology of ASCUS or higher (51.5%). The rate of colposcopy referral for cytology and FRD as a triage tool was 969 (72.4%) and 736 (55.0%), respectively. Thus, 233 (17.4%) fewer women would be referred for colposcopy by FRD. Among 476 women with cytology of ASCUS, the percentage coincidence with pathology findings was higher for FRD (63.4%) than for HPV (35.9%).

Conclusion

FRD was found to be a promising triage tool for women who are HPV‐positive and those with cytology findings of ASCUS.
Healthcare information on YouTube: Pregnancy and COVID‐19
Authors: Yuksel Bahar , Cakmak Kubra
Published: May 2020

Objective

We aimed to analyze Turkish language videos on YouTube about Coronavirus and pregnancy.

Methods

YouTube was searched for the following keywords: "Coronavirus, gebelik," "Coronavirus, Hamilelik," "COVID‐19, gebelik" and "COVID‐19, hamilelik". All ranking data for each video was recorded, video sources and target audiences were analyzed. Videos were designated as "informative, "misleading" "personal experience" and "news update." The usefulness of the videos were analyzed by DISCERN score and the quality of the content was calculated by MICI score.

Results

Seventy‐six videos had a total of 1.494.860 views, with 40.849 likes and 575 dislikes. The source of information in informative videos was physicians (73%), and news agencies (20%), and the majority of these targeted patients. The DISCERN score of videos was 2.9 ± 1, 1.6 ± 0.9, and 1.9 ± 0.9 respectively for respectively for the informative group, personal experience group, and news update group. The mean MICI score for informative videos was low and calculated as 5.3 ± 2.8.

Conclusion

YouTube videos are easily accessible sources of COVID‐19 information for pregnant women. The present study demonstrated that videos about pregnancy and COVID‐19 have high view rates, but are generally low in quality and trustworthiness.
Federation of 5G services using distributed ledger technologies†
Authors: Antevski Kiril , Bernardos Carlos J.
Published: May 2020

Federation of services, as a 5G networks concept, aims to provide orchestration of services across multiple administrative domains. In this paper, we are exploring a solution of applying distributed ledger technologies, precisely the combination of blockchain and smart contracts, to enable highly secure, private, fast and distributed interaction between administrative domains in the federation process. Along with the designed solution, we developed an experimental prototype that requires simple one‐time setup and fast simultaneous registration time for multiple administrative domains. Obtained results show single service federation times (without considering the deployment time) of around 5 seconds.
A distributional synthetic control method for policy evaluation
Authors: Chen Yi‐Ting
Published: May 2020

We extend the synthetic control method to evaluate the distributional effects of policy intervention in the possible presence of poor matching. The counterfactuals (or intervention effects) are identified by matching a vector of pre‐intervention quantile residuals of the treated unit and a convex combination of its potential‐control counterparts. The residuals are orthogonal to a set of observable common factors that control for the potentially poor matching. We also apply our method to a set of case studies that explore the distributional effects of state‐level minimum‐wage hikes in the USA.
Suppression of TRPM7 enhances TRAIL‐induced apoptosis in triple‐negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Song Chiman , Choi Seunghye , Oh Ki‐Bong , Sim Taebo
Published: May 2020

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7) composed of an ion channel and a kinase domain regulates triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell migration, invasion, and metastasis, but it does not modulate TNBC proliferation. However, previous studies have shown that the combination treatment of nonselective TRPM7 channel inhibitors (2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and Gd3+) with tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) increases antiproliferative effects and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells and hepatic stellate cells. We, therefore, investigated the potential role of TRPM7 in proliferation and apoptosis of TNBC cells (MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐468 cells) with TRAIL. We demonstrated that suppression of TRPM7 via TRPM7 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition synergistically increases TRAIL‐induced antiproliferative effects and apoptosis in TNBC cells. Furthermore, we showed that the synergistic interaction might be associated with TRPM7 channel activities using combination treatments of TRAIL and TRPM7 inhibitors (NS8593 as a TRPM7 channel inhibitor and TG100‐115 as a TRPM7 kinase inhibitor). We reveal that downregulation of cellular FLICE‐inhibitory protein via inhibition of Ca2+ influx might be involved in the synergistic interaction. Our study would provide both a new role of TRPM7 in TNBC cell apoptosis and a potential combinatorial therapeutic strategy using TRPM7 inhibitors with TRAIL in the treatment of TNBC.
Exposure‐Safety Analyses of Talazoparib in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer and Germline BRCA1/2 Mutations in the EMBRACA and ABRAZO Trials
Authors: Elmeliegy Mohamed , Yu Yanke , Litton Jennifer K. , Czibere Akos , Wilson Gary G. , Tudor Iulia Cristina , Zheng Jenny , Wang Diane D.
Published: May 2020

Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors, such as talazoparib, may affect hematopoiesis. This analysis characterized the relationship between talazoparib exposure and the most common grade ≥ 3 hematopoietic adverse events (AEs) leading to dose modification in the phase 2 (ABRAZO) and phase 3 (EMBRACA) trials. The relationship between time‐varying average talazoparib concentration (Cavg,t), along with other baseline variables, and grade ≥ 3 anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia were evaluated both by graphical examination and using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. The results indicated that higher Cavg,t was associated with a higher risk of anemia and thrombocytopenia. A trend toward an association between higher Cavg,t and neutropenia was observed, although not statistically significant. Higher risk of all tested safety end points was associated with lower baseline hemoglobin. Higher risk of neutropenia was associated with lower baseline absolute neutrophil count and lower body weight. These findings support the proposed management of AEs through talazoparib dosing modification.