bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Irony as the Birth of Kierkegaard’s “Single Individual” and the Beginning of Politics
Authors: Williams George Willis
Published: March 2013

This paper examines the idea presented in Søren Kierkegaard’s The Concept of Irony (1841) and Concluding Unscientific Postscript (1846) that irony, far more than a rhetorical device, is an existential category that gives birth to the subjectively existing single individual. As such, irony is no diversion from or necessary undercutting of one’s ethical growth but is a required step in fostering it. Although Kierkegaard preferred to focus on the individual, irony nevertheless plays an essential role in issues of social justice and politics, since the self must be distinguished from its social environment if there is to be any hope for one’s being useful in changing it for the better, and irony is the means by which the distinguishing of the self occurs. For example, since Kierkegaard believes that politics is at best only provisional and approximate, irony has an important role in chastening overweening political forces, which are often accompanied by human rights abuses. Irony secures room for individuals who have an inner infinity that can never be utterly conformed to the strictures of finite politics. Thus, as Kierkegaard presents it, irony’s birth of the single individual is shown to be politically significant.
A Spectrum of Ideas about Kierkegaard and the Overcoming of Violence: Introduction
Authors: Goicoechea David
Published: March 2013

The three papers that follow are based on drafts prepared for the conference theme “Kierkegaard and the Overcoming of Violence” at Brock University, September 2011. Selected from fifteen, each is a spectrum of ideas on the theme, and together they reflect the range of intellectual concerns that are raised in discussions outside technical seminars and meetings of learned societies. They relate to one or more of four categories: philosophy, religion, theology, and anthropology.
Person, place, or thing?: Property and the structuring of social relations
Authors: Austin Lisa M.
Published: March 2013

In positing a relationship between property and personhood, Margaret Jane Radin introduced an influential critique of traditional property theory, including law and economics. In this essay I propose an alternative account of the 'personhood' intuition, focusing on real property. This account of personhood focuses on the objective features of individual capacities for direct social relations rather than on the subjective relationship between a particular individual and a thing or place. Places like the home are significant for individual identity because rights of access provide the individual with control over the direct social relations that occur there. I further argue that maintaining this focus on the direct social relations fostered by rights of access to places can help us understand the nature of community interests in relation to certain kinds of public places and provide a basis for arguing for limitations to traditional property doctrines such as expropriation and trespass.
Beyond the countertrade taboo: Why the WTO should take another look at barter and countertrade
Authors: Howse Robert
Published: March 2013

Associated during the Cold War with currency controls, unreal exchange rates, administratively managed trade, and other pathologies of command economies, barter and other forms of countertrade such as counterpurchase have more than survived the end of Communism. In official trade-policy circles, however, there is a marked and long-standing distaste for countertrade, stemming from their strong association with the dysfunctions of command economies. In this essay I explore the emergence of the prejudice against barter and countertrade in the GATT era during the 1980s; I then draw on a body of economic literature that applies transaction costs theory to international barter and countertrade transactions to suggest why these transactions may have 'legitimate' economic rationales rather than being attributable to pathologies such as corruption, cronyism, wasteful subsidization, and currency manipulation. In light of this analysis, I then proceed to examine relevant provisions of the WTO treaties, in order to assess the extent to which these disciplines may limit the scope of countertrade between WTO members.
'Necessity knows no law': On extreme cases and uncodifiable necessities
Authors: Harel Alon , Sharon Assaf
Published: March 2013

This article analyses the category of extreme cases - cases involving catastrophic consequences the avoiding of which requires severe measures (e.g. torture, shooting a plane in 9/11 situations, etc). We first reject two traditional solutions to extreme cases: deontology/threshold deontology (as traditionally understood) and consequentialist solutions. Our proposal maintains that what is most pernicious is not the violation of moral rules as such but their principled or rule-governed violation. Maintaining a normative distinction between acts performed under the direction of principles/rules, on the one hand, and unprincipled, context-generated acts, acts performed under the force of circumstances, on the other, allows for accommodating the necessity of infringements in extreme cases within a (non-conventional) deontological framework. Agents who perform acts under extreme cases ought not to be guided by rules or principles. Instead, they ought to make particular judgments not governed by rules. We also establish that this solution follows from the Kantian conception of human dignity.
From author’s right to property right
Authors: Stern Simon
Published: March 2013

Though copyright is usually categorized as a property right, efforts to justify copyright on other grounds have persisted since the eighteenth century. The Lockean defence, based on the author’s labour, is usually seen as conducive to a property right but is sometimes linked instead (or in addition) to a personality right. I explore another approach that has been analysed in the doctrinal literature, but that has received less attention from historians of English copyright law. This approach focuses on the author’s dignitary rights, including communicative rights (bearing on who controls the public presentation of the text), and reputational rights (bearing on the text’s appearance and its status as a reflection of the author). By contrast with the labour theory, the dignitary view of copyright is harder to reconcile with a property right although, as I show, eighteenth-century advocates of strong copyright protection sought to assimilate this view into the property framework. The Statute of Anne (1710) sought to accommodate the competing needs of authors, publishers, and the public. Its protections did not affiliate copyright with a property framework, as the publishing industry would have liked. In the course of the eighteenth century, dignitary concerns jostled with property claims as litigants argued over statutory protection. To explore the relations among these arguments, I re-examine the Statute of Anne and four of the major contemporary copyright judgments: Burnet v Chetwood (1721), Pope v Curll (1741), Millar v Taylor (1769) and Donaldson v Becket (1774). Each of these cases reveals new dimensions when examined through the lens of dignitary concerns. By studying these materials, we can gain a better understanding of how the property-based view took hold during a vital period in the formation of copyright law. This development, in turn, helps to explain two of the most distinctive features in the recent history of copyright law: the ever-widening reach of derivative rights and the ever-lengthening term of protection.
Tagore's Ideas of Social Action and the Sriniketan Experiment of Rural Reconstruction, 1922–41
Authors: Gupta Uma Das
Published: March 2013

Rabindranath Tagore's Institute for Rural Reconstruction based at Sriniketan was pioneering in its time and the culmination of his long period of endeavour to redeem the neglected Indian village and bridge the gap between the city and the village. He had two objectives: to educate the villagers in self-reliance and to bring back to the villages 'life in its completeness' with 'music and readings from the epics,' as in the 'past.' He recruited a stellar team of agronomists, rural health workers, and village-level teachers – notably Leonard Elmhirst from England and his own son, Rathindranath Tagore – who initiated many of the more successful elements basic to rural development work.
Dante Gabriel Rossetti's 'Inner Standing-Point' and 'Jenny' Reconstrued
Authors: Bentley D.M.R.
Published: March 2013

The idea that the 'emotional influence' of art demands an 'inner standing-point' was first expressed in writing by Dante Gabriel Rossetti in 1869, but it did not appear in print until 1871, when he summoned it as part of his defence of his poem 'Jenny' against the 'Fleshly School' attack of Robert Buchanan. When understood as a form of Einfühlung /empathy and 'negative capability,' the idea can be seen operating in several of Rossetti's poems and pictures of the period of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (1848-53) and earlier. So understood, it also provides a crucial and highly productive point of entry into 'Jenny,' where the reader is asked to feel inside the 'situation' and mentality of the 'young and thoughtful man of the world' who speaks the 'semi-dramatic monologue' while the prostitute of the title lies asleep on his knee. In the course of his increasingly sympathetic response to Jenny, the speaker creates an intricate web of allusions to biblical texts, references to contemporary legislation, and intertextual relationships with works by such artists and writers as Augustine, Titian, Hogarth, Ruskin, and E.B. Browning.
Philip Glass's Satyagraha : Para-Colonial Para-Opera
Authors: Hutcheon Linda , Hutcheon Michael
Published: March 2013

Resisting both Orientalist and post-colonial readings in its universalizing message, Satyagraha enacts the historical story of Gandhi's early activist years in South Africa through a ritualized form of staged drama. Deliberately misaligning stage action and its untranslated Sanskrit libretto text, this intercultural work that we call a 'para-opera' aims to counter the musical and dramatic expectations of Western operatic audiences. Similarly, in its oblique relationship to both imperial India and to actual colonialism in South Africa, it can be called para-colonial: nearby, related, alongside the colonial. As para-colonial para-opera, however, it speaks movingly across political and generic boundaries - not despite or against them.
‘Catalogue of Some of Blake’s Pictures at “The Salterns”’: Captain Butts as Exhibitor, Litigator, and Co-Heir (With His Sister Blanche)
Authors: Johnson Mary Lynn
Published: March 2013

Beginning in 1863, to a greater extent than has been recognized, Captain Frederick John Butts (1833–1905) controlled the lion’s share of the largest Blake collection ever assembled, works that his grandfather, Thomas Butts (1739–1845), had commissioned or purchased from Blake himself. A proposed redating of a visit from William Michael Rossetti, an examination of previously unreported court records, and an analysis of newly accessible papers of Mary Butts in the Beinecke Library – including a list of at least ‘some’ of Blake’s works in the Captain’s home – help clarify the division of property between the siblings and offer a fresh perspective on the Captain’s actions and likely motives as preserver, manager, and guardian of his and his sister’s heritage.
Northrop Frye’s Musical Dimensions
Authors: Saint-Cyr Yves
Published: March 2013

Northrop Frye felt that literary critics should envy music critics because the latter deal more in structures and relationships, which is what literary critics like Frye would like to do, rather than getting bogged down in style and content. To appreciate fully the inseparability of literature and music in Frye’s life, one must start at the beginning – with the experiences that shaped his taste in and understanding of music, both as a listener and as a musician himself. The evolution of Frye’s relationship with music, from his early childhood to his later career, describes an arc that passes through all of his major fields of study: from literature to religion, to visual arts and culture, to pedagogy and educational psychology.
On Judging with Care and the Responsibility of an Heir: Reading Eden Robinson's Monkey Beach
Authors: Roupakia Lydia Efthymia
Published: March 2013

How easy is it for Western readers of contemporary Native literature to suspend their goal-oriented consciousness when approaching Native 'otherness'? Existing critical interpretations of Eden Robinson's novel Monkey Beach attest to the ways in which cultural difference elicits politicized reading practices and romanticizing hermeneutical gestures. Yet Monkey Beach alerts the attentive reader against the pitfalls of approaching difference through inherited interpretative templates. Eden Robinson refuses to enlist her protagonist as a player in the politicized 'games' of cultural authenticity, postcolonial resistance, or cultural hybridity. Rather, the novel invites the reader to reflect on the complexities of 'judging with care,' a term Selma Sevenhuijsen uses to describe a situated form of postmodern feminist ethics in her study Citizenship and the Ethics of Care . More precisely, Monkey Beach asks the reader to do justice to the novel's formal elaboration of responsible judgement as a process that involves both 'an active engagement' with the other and 'a letting-go' in the face of 'Otherness' (Attridge 130).
Le motif du loup chez Rachilde: la règle de l'interdit
Authors: Ouellet François
Published: March 2013

Cet article propose une lecture d'un roman de Rachilde, Le meneur de louves (1905), où le motif du loup sert à mettre en valeur la prédominance d'un imaginaire régulé par l'interdit de l'inceste. À l'encontre de la critique féministe pour laquelle Rachilde est une auteure qui prescrit un discours amoureux qui pervertit les rapports traditionnels entre l'homme et la femme, il s'agit ici de faire voir comment la volonté de « refaire l'amour » des personnages est imposée par un interdit qui dicte au texte sa lettre. Ce qui écrit le texte, c'est la règle de l'interdit, le discours féministe n'étant alors que le reflet idéologique d'un effet de texte que Rachilde n'a jamais voulu ni cautionné.
The Flying Dutchman, the Wandering Jew, and Wagner's Anti-Semitism
Authors: McClatchie Stephen
Published: March 2013

An historical and cultural examination of the figure of the Wandering Jew provides a springboard for a reassessment of the impact of Richard Wagner's anti-Semitism on his music dramas. In the case of Der fliegende Holländer , an easy equation of the title character with the anti-Semitic legend of the Wandering Jew is problematic, given a Wagnerian counter discourse of self-identification and empathy with the figure. In the end, it is reductive to reduce any Wagnerian work to a single interpretation.
Death in Venice and Beyond: Benjamin Britten's Late Works
Authors: Canton Kimberly Fairbrother , Defalco Amelia , Hutcheon Linda , Hutcheon Michael , Larson Katherine R. , Reichenbächer Helmut
Published: March 2013

This article analyzes Benjamin Britten's late works through the lenses of late style discourse and theories of aging, showing how these final compositions can be read as a reflection of the ways in which Britten's illness and physical disability in the last years of his life prematurely ushered the composer into 'old age' and its attendant physical and psychological difficulties. From Death in Venice on, Britten's compositions display an unmistakable preoccupation with mortality, both in terms of subject matter and in terms of an even further finessed concision of musical style. While the stylistic decisions in these last works cannot be divorced from Britten's very real sense and eventual acceptance of the nearness of his own death, neither can they be wholly accounted for by it, marking as they do an undiminished capacity for creative achievement in the midst of significantly diminished physical capabilities.
Opera as News: Nixon in China and the Contemporary Operatic Subject
Authors: Germano William
Published: March 2013

Since the eighteenth century, 'historical' operas have puzzled and delighted audiences. But what counts as 'history' in opera? This essay argues that one answer lies in opera's complex relation not only to facticity but to temporality; whereas all operas move forward theatrically within a complex understanding of time, operas on historical subjects raise that temporal complexity to a higher pitch. Drawing on the history of opera since the reforms of the eighteenth century, this essay examines John Adams's 1987 Nixon in China . That work presents - and mythologizes - one of the most arresting diplomatic events of the post-World War II era, Richard Nixon's 1972 Beijing meeting with China's political leaders. Alice Goodman's libretto, at once lyric and formal, and Adams's propulsive writing together demonstrate that in opera, history is one clock among many. In doing so, Nixon in China allows us to rethink the terms on which history becomes opera's subject.
Dante's Hermeneutic Complicity in Violence and Fraud in Inferno IX-XVII
Authors: Franke William
Published: March 2013

Self-interpretation is made manifest as a crucial structuring principle of the Inferno in the segment of the poem that begins with Dante's entry into the city of Dis. This transition directly involves the reader as interpreter by means of the poem's explicit addresses to the reader. The self-deceptions manifest in the souls Dante encounters take on violent and then fraudulent forms in the seventh and eighth circles respectively. By his interpretive acts as poet, Dante actually participates in this violence and fraud. He makes himself complicit in what he condemns. He is not merely an observer from on high but descends into his own sinful self through acts that involve the author and, behind him, the reader too as interpreters. Dante constantly highlights how it is we ourselves who are secretly at risk in the sins we interpret as readers, for the sins punished in hell are presented as fundamentally sins of self-interpretation.
The 'Supremest of Yankee Critics': Harold Stearns, the Young Intellectuals, and America's Discontents
Authors: Muller Adam
Published: March 2013

This article works to shed light on Harold Stearns's (1891-1943) thinking about Americans' struggle for authentic modes of creative and critical self-expression in an environment he and others perceived as generally inimical to that struggle. It attempts to convey some sense of the contribution to American art and culture made by Stearns's early and most influential work, the essays collected in America and the Young Intellectual (1921), and traces its relationship to the cultural criticism produced by other noteworthy intellectuals in the twilight of the Progressive Era. Along the way, it shows how Stearns both reflected and contributed to the view of America held by the extraordinary generation of writers and intellectuals responsible for shaping American cultural identity during and after the interwar years.
Towards an Intimate Democracy in Europe: Paweł Leszkowicz’s Queer Curating
Authors: Davies Jon
Published: March 2013

This interview with Polish curator and scholar Paweł Leszkowicz discusses queer curatorial practice and the rapidly changing landscape for sexual politics and queer artmaking in Central and Eastern Europe. Focusing on his landmark exhibition Ars Homo Erotica (2010), Leszkowicz
outlines how it traced themes of homoerotic desire and transgender identity through the collection of the Polish National Museum, and juxtaposed historical pieces with queer work by contemporary Central and Eastern European artists. The interview also considers the dynamic relationship between
queer curatorial practice and its distinctive local and national contexts around the globe.
Trace elements and bone health
Authors: Zofková Ivana , Nemcikova Petra , Matucha Petr
Published: March 2013

The importance of nutrition factors such as calcium, vitamin D and vitamin K for the integrity of the skeleton is well known. Moreover, bone health is positively influenced by certain elements (e.g., zinc, copper, fluorine, manganese, magnesium, iron and boron). Deficiency of these elements slows down the increase of bone mass in childhood and/or in adolescence and accelerates bone loss after menopause or in old age. Deterioration of bone quality increases the risk of fractures. Monitoring of homeostasis of the trace elements together with the measurement of bone density and biochemical markers of bone metabolism should be used to identify and treat patients at risk of non-traumatic fractures. Factors determining the effectivity of supplementation include dose, duration of treatment, serum concentrations, as well as interactions among individual elements. Here, we review the effect of the most important trace elements on the skeleton and evaluate their clinical importance.
Highlight: European BioEnergetics Conference 2012 in Freiburg
Authors: Friedrich Thorsten , Einsle Oliver
Published: March 2013

No abstract available.
New risk rates, inter-industry differentials and the magnitude of VSL estimates
Authors: Scotton Carol R.
Published: March 2013

The Census of Fatal Occupational Injury (CFOI) provides data for creating objective measures of workplace risk used in estimations of wage-risk premia for value of statistical life (VSL) calculations. This relatively new data set enables a more theoretically defensible measure for use in hedonic wage equations. However, constructing these rates from the CFOI data necessarily involves creating an industry-occupation matrix defining the “jobs,” deciding whether or not to include the self-employed, and selecting a denominator. These choices in the construction of the risk measure alone, as shown here, result in variations of VSL estimates ranging from $8 million to $18 million. Further, risk measures based on the CFOI data, regardless of construction, are sensitive to simple changes in the specification for the hedonic wage equation. In particular, fixed effects describing the industry in which a worker is employed, as well as the worker’s occupation, are primary influences on the magnitude of the VSL estimates.
Heat-resistant antiflaming and friction mechanisms in nano-Fe2O3-reinforced silicon rubber
Authors: Zhao Bin , Wang Qilei , Jin Lin
Published: March 2013

A ferric oxide (Fe2O3)/silicone rubber (SR) composite was prepared to produce a magnetic rubber with good heat-resistant and friction properties: SR and nano-Fe2O3 were used as its raw materials. The heat-resistant, antiflaming, magnetic, and mechanical properties of such composites with different proportions of nano-Fe2O3 were studied. The results showed that the Fe2O3 nanoparticles were uniformly distributed throughout the composites. The physical and mechanical properties of SR were improved when Fe2O3 nanoparticles were added. The maximum elongation and tensile strength of the composites were relatively good when the ratio of Fe2O3 was 20 phr. The heat-resistance and antiflaming properties of SR were improved by adding nano-Fe2O3, which had good combined heat resistance. The friction properties of these composites were optimal at 20 phr addition of nano-Fe2O3, which laid the foundation for further applications of this type of composite in high-temperature sealing and shock absorption environments.
Prediction of the thermal release of transactinide elements (112 ≤Z≤ 116) from metals
Authors: Wittwer David , Dressler Rugard , Eichler Robert , Gäggeler H. W. , Türler Andreas
Published: March 2013

Metallic catcher foils have been investigated on their thermal release capabilities for future superheavy element studies. These catcher materials shall serve as connection between production and chemical investigation of superheavy elements (SHE) at vacuum conditions. The diffusion constants and activation energies of diffusion have been extrapolated for various catcher materials using an atomic volume based model. Release rates can now be estimated for predefined experimental conditions using the determined diffusion values. The potential release behavior of the volatile SHE Cn (E112), E113, Fl (E114), E115, and Lv (E116) from polycrystalline, metallic foils of Ni, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W is predicted. Example calculations showed that Zr is the best suited material in terms of on-line release efficiency and long-term operation stability. If higher temperatures up to 2773 K are applicable, tungsten is suggested to be the material of choice for such experiments.
Uranium(VI) solubility in carbonate-free WIPP brine
Authors: Lucchini J. F. , Borkowski Marian , Richmann Michael K. , Reed Donald T.
Published: March 2013

The solubility of uranium(VI) was determined in WIPP-relevant brines as a function of pCH+and ionic strength, in the absence of carbonate. Carbonate concentration was below 2 × 105 M, measured using the gas chromatography method. In the absence of carbonate, the uranium(VI) solubilities were about  × 106 M in GWB at pCH+≥7 and about  × 108– × 107 M in ERDA-6 brine at pCH+≥8. Solubility of uranium(VI) was also measured in NaCl media at the same levels as in ERDA-6 brine. The data established a uranium solubility that was 10–100 times lower than published results from Diaz-Arocas and Grambow [13], and they are in good agreement with modeling results and other literature data [11,12]. In the absence of carbonate, hydrolysis was the main complexation and precipitation mechanisms for uranium(VI) solubility at high ionic strength and pCH+≥7. However, the effect of borate complexation was noticeable at pCH+∼8–9.
New Reference Curves for Head Circumference at Birth, by Gestational Age
Authors: Barbier Alexandre , Boivin Ariane , Yoon Woojin , Vallerand Danielle , Platt Robert W. , Audibert François , Barrington Keith J. , Shah Prakesh S. , Nuyt Anne Monique ,   the Canadian Neonatal Network
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUND:

The measurement of head circumference (HC) at birth reflects intrauterine brain development. HC charts currently used in Canada are either dated, mixed-gender, nonrepresentative of lower gestational ages (GAs), or reflective of other populations.

METHODS:

To create both birth weight and HC curves, we combined weight and HC data from the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) database (admissions in NICUs across Canada) with McGill’s Obstetrical Neonatal Database (MOND; all births at a tertiary hospital in Montreal, Canada). We included CNN data for GAs of 23 to 34 weeks (2003–2007) and MOND data for GAs of 35 to 41 weeks (1995–2006). Nonsingletons, congenital anomalies, and measurements greater than ±4 SD from the mean were excluded. Distributions of birth weight and HC at each GA were statistically (penalized spline regression) smoothed. Birth weight curves were compared with recent Canadian reference curves and HC curves with historical and/or frequently used curves.

RESULTS:

We included 39 896 births (3121 births at <30 weeks’ GA) to generate the curves. Current weight curves were similar to Canadian reference charts for both genders. Weight and HC measurements in boys were higher than in girls. When classified according to recent international references, the proportion of CNN-MOND infants at ≥32 weeks’ GA with HCs <10th percentile was significantly underestimated. When classified according to historical reference curves, a significant number of CNN-MOND infants of all GAs with HCs <10th and >90th percentiles were misclassified.

CONCLUSIONS:

We developed recent gender-specific reference curves for HC at birth for singletons at 23 to 41 completed weeks’ GA, which included a large number of very premature infants, reflecting the current geotemporal Canadian population.
School-age Outcomes of Extremely Preterm or Extremely Low Birth Weight Children
Authors: Hutchinson Esther A. , De Luca Cinzia R. , Doyle Lex W. , Roberts Gehan , Anderson Peter J. ,   for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE:

Research is required to monitor changes in the nature of neurobehavioral deficits in extremely preterm (EP) or extremely low birth weight (ELBW) survivors. This study examines cognitive, academic, and behavioral outcomes at age 8 years for a regional cohort of EP/ELBW children born in 1997.

METHODS:

The EP/ELBW cohort comprised all live births with a gestational age <28 weeks (EP) or birth weight <1000 g (ELBW) born in the state of Victoria, Australia, in 1997. Of 317 live births, 201 (63.4%) survived to 2 years of age. A term/normal birth weight (T/NBW) cohort was recruited comprising 199 infants with birth weights <2500 g or gestational age <37 weeks. Measures of intellectual ability, educational achievement, and behavior were administered at age 8.

RESULTS:

Retention was 94% for the EP/ELBW group and 87% for the T/NBW group. The EP/ELBW group performed poorer than the T/NBW group on measures of IQ, educational achievement, and certain behavioral domains, even after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and exclusion of children with neurosensory impairment. The rate of any neurobehavioral impairment was elevated in the EP/ELBW group (71% vs 42%), and one-half of subjects had multiple impairments. The outcomes for those with <750 g birth weight or <26 weeks' gestational age were similar to those with a birth weight of 750 to 999 g or a gestational age of 26 to 27 weeks, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite ongoing improvements in the management of EP/ELBW infants, the rate of neurobehavioral impairment at school-age remains too high relative to controls.
Cultural Bias in the AAP’s 2012 Technical Report and Policy Statement on Male Circumcision
Authors: Frisch Morten , Aigrain Yves , Barauskas Vidmantas , Bjarnason Ragnar , Boddy Su-Anna , Czauderna Piotr , de Gier Robert P.E. , de Jong Tom P.V.M. , Fasching Günter , Fetter Willem , Gahr Manfred , Graugaard Christian , Greisen Gorm , Gunnarsdottir Anna , Hartmann Wolfram , Havranek Petr , Hitchcock Rowena , Huddart Simon , Janson Staffan , Jaszczak Poul , Kupferschmid Christoph , Lahdes-Vasama Tuija , Lindahl Harry , MacDonald Noni , Markestad Trond , Märtson Matis , Nordhov Solveig Marianne , Pälve Heikki , Petersons Aigars , Quinn Feargal , Qvist Niels , Rosmundsson Thrainn , Saxen Harri , Söder Olle , Stehr Maximilian , von Loewenich Volker C.H. , Wallander Johan , Wijnen Rene
Published: March 2013

The American Academy of Pediatrics recently released its new Technical Report and Policy Statement on male circumcision, concluding that current evidence indicates that the health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks. The technical report is based on the scrutiny of a large number of complex scientific articles. Therefore, while striving for objectivity, the conclusions drawn by the 8 task force members reflect what these individual physicians perceived as trustworthy evidence. Seen from the outside, cultural bias reflecting the normality of nontherapeutic male circumcision in the United States seems obvious, and the report’s conclusions are different from those reached by physicians in other parts of the Western world, including Europe, Canada, and Australia. In this commentary, a different view is presented by non–US-based physicians and representatives of general medical associations and societies for pediatrics, pediatric surgery, and pediatric urology in Northern Europe. To these authors, only 1 of the arguments put forward by the American Academy of Pediatrics has some theoretical relevance in relation to infant male circumcision; namely, the possible protection against urinary tract infections in infant boys, which can easily be treated with antibiotics without tissue loss. The other claimed health benefits, including protection against HIV/AIDS, genital herpes, genital warts, and penile cancer, are questionable, weak, and likely to have little public health relevance in a Western context, and they do not represent compelling reasons for surgery before boys are old enough to decide for themselves.
Attitudes of Hungarian adults toward use of opioids in pain management
Authors: Biró Eszter
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Though the most effective pain medication is already available in Western countries, cancer pain is often undertreated. The primary causes of this phenomenon are the fears of opioids, which haven’t been explored systematically in Hungary. Aims: Exploration of the attitudes toward opioids among healthy Hungarian adults. Methods: The participants (88/143 male/female, 29.47 ± 11.05 years) were asked to complete story of a patient who was suggested to accept opioid therapy. The stories were rated by independent raters on Likert-scales to access the strength of attitudes toward pain medication [1]. Results: Only an average 29.6% of the stories expressed positive attitudes, but varied fears (of addiction: 20.9%, nearing death: 10.5%, the inattention of the doctor: 4.7%), and hopes connected to alternative therapies (4.7%) emerged, too. Conclusions: The compliance of the patient and his/her family members is a very important factor of effective medical treatment, therefore individual attitudes must be considered. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 455–463.
Developmental pathway from leaves to galls induced by a sap-feeding insect on Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera (Anacardiaceae)
Authors: DIAS GRACIELA G. , FERREIRA BRUNO G. , MOREIRA GILSON R.P. , ISAIAS ROSY M.S.
Published: March 2013

Galling sap-feeding insects are presumed to cause only minor changes in host plant tissues, because they usually do not require development of nutritive tissues for their own use. This premise was examined through comparison of the histometry, cytometry and anatomical development of non-galled leaves and galls of Calophya duvauae (Scott) (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) on Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera (Anacardiaceae). Cell fates changed from non-galled leaves to galls during the course of tissue differentiation. C. duvauae caused changes in dermal, ground, and vascular systems of the leaves of S. polygamus. Its feeding activity induced the homogenization of the parenchyma, and the neoformation of vascular bundles and trichomes. The histometric and cytometric data revealed compensatory effects of hyperplasia and cell hypertrophy in the epidermis, with hyperplasia predominating in the adaxial epidermis. There was a balance between these processes in the other tissues. Thus, we found major differences between the developmental pathways of non-galled leaves and galls. These changes were associated with phenotypic alterations related to shelter and appropriate microenvironmental conditions for the gall inducer. The nondifferentiation of a typical nutritive tissue in this case was compared to other non-phylogenetically related arthropod gall systems, and is suggested to result from convergence associated with the piercing feeding apparatus of the corresponding gall-inducer.
Brachyuran and anomuran crabs associated with Schizoporella unicornis (Ectoprocta, Cheilostomata) from southeastern Brazil
Authors: ALVES DOUGLAS F.R. , BARROS-ALVES SAMARA P. , LIMA DANIEL J.M. , COBO VALTER J. , NEGREIROS-FRANSOZO MARIA LUCIA
Published: March 2013

The main goals of this investigation were to describe the community structure of anomuran and brachyuran crabs inhabiting reefs constituted by colonies of Schizoporella unicornis, and to provide a species importance ranking for this community. Collections were carried out on S. unicornis reefs at two-month intervals from May 2003 to May 2004, in the rocky sublittoral of the southeastern Brazilian coast. Relative abundance and occurrence were used to rank these species in the hierarchy importance. A total of 2,018 individuals were obtained, in 11 families, 22 genera and 31 species. Porcellanidae and Pilumnidae were the most abundant families, comprising respectively almost 60% and 15% of individuals sampled. The species ranking indicated four main groups A, B, C and D, with group A subdivided. Subgroup A1 contained 9 species, including the species of greatest ecological importance for community regarding abundance and occurrence. The great abundance of crabs associated with S. unicornis seems to be the result of its recognized importance during the crab developmental cycle, and as shelter and food for some Decapod species. These observations reveal the importance of conserving the areas occupied by these reef colonies, which appear to be an important environment for maintaining local biodiversity.
Relationship between pollen morphology and chromosome numbers in Brazilian species of Lippia L. (Verbenaceae)
Authors: Sousa Saulo M. , Pierre Patrícia M.O. , Torres Giovana A. , Davide Lisete C. , Viccini Lyderson F.
Published: March 2013

The pollen morphology and exine structure of 17 species of Lippia L. were investigated in this work using light and scanning electron microscopy. Among the species studied, 14 showed tricolporate pollen grains, two had tri- and tetracolporate pollen grains and a single species exhibited, only tetracolporate pollen. The amb ranged from triangular to square, and the shape varied from oblate-spheroidal to prolate-spheroidal. Three different types of exine ornamentation were observed: psilate, scabrate and perforate. In addition to morphological data, we found positive association between the chromosome numbers and size of pollen grains, and also between the length and width of the colpi. The results indicate that the characteristics of pollen grains in Lippia may be used as an additional taxonomic character of the genus.
Feeding ecology of the Neotropical otter Lontra longicaudis in the Lower Arroio Grande River, southern Brazil
Authors: Souza Kleisson S. , Bastazini Vinicius A.G. , Colares Elton P.
Published: March 2013

The present study was based on the analysis of spraints (n = 294) collected between December 2005 and November 2007. The importance of each type of prey was determined by absolute and relative frequency. Niche breadth was also estimated. The results were reported as mean (± SD) of relative frequencies. Fish were the main prey found in spraints (57.8 ± 7.0%). Fish from Callichthyidae family were the main prey, followed by Cichlidae, the species Hoplias malabaricus and the family Characidae. The frequencies of other fish and taxa were lower than 13.9% (absolute frequency) and 5.6% (relative frequency). Despite significant seasonal variations, (P = 0.001), niche breadth values were low in all seasons (0.39 ± 0.11). Therefore, Lontra longicaudis presented a narrow niche breadth as a result of consistent fish predation. Based on these data, fish with rapid movement presenting territorial behavior and benthic fish with slow movements are the most consumed. Seasonal fluctuations are caused by the increase of secondary prey in the diet during some seasons.
Germination of Styrax camporum Pohl. seeds in response to substrate types, moisture contents and the seed morphology
Authors: Simão Edson , Nakamura Adriana T. , Takaki Massanori
Published: March 2013

This study evaluated the contributions of Styrax camporum seed morphology (size of seeds, presence or absence of endocarp attached to the seed), different substrates (filter paper, vermiculite, sand and the soils of cerrado s. str., cerradão and a riparian forest), different water potentials (0, -0.1, -0.2, -0.3, -0.4 and -0.5 MPa), light and temperature to seed germination. Seed size did not affect the germination percentage when seeds were sown on vermiculite. Seeds were affected by small variations in the moisture content of the tested substrates, showing a significant decrease in germination under water potentials lower than -0.1 MPa, close to the field capacity of cerrado s. str. soils. At the temperatures of 15 and 20°C, a significant decrease in germination was observed. Thus, the availability of water in cerrado soils associated to temperature modulate the distribution of germination in this species. Seed morphology contributes to the maintenance of seeds in the soil, and the lack of synchrony in seed germination spreads the distribution of germination in time. These peculiarities allow the emergency of seedlings at different time periods and establishment conditions, an adaptative response of S. camporum to the cerrado environment.
Risk analysis in the spillway of dam Orós by excess of influent flow
Authors: Goes Filho Adbeel
Published: March 2013

This paper presents the practical application of concepts, and some methods of risk analysis, to check the possibility of overcoming a water level of project in the spillway of dam Orós, by excess of influent flow. Also evaluated the empirical formulas contained in the original design. Due to the difficulty of obtaining design data from the dam, since the end of construction date of January, 11, 1961, we minimize the effects of some variables in the calculations, leading us to the consequent simplification of the scenario under study. For a better evaluation and characterization of the setting, some variables in the model such as water level, accumulation and flow of the spillway, had updated their data to June 28, 2011. We have demonstrated the importance of risk analysis for project design, construction and operation of large reservoirs, and the need for ongoing assessments of works of this nature.
Sobre o domínio da natureza na filosofia da história de Theodor W. Adorno: uma questão para a educação
Authors: Bassani Jaison José , Vaz Alexandre Fernandez
Published: March 2013

Tomando como referência fundamental o ensaio "A ideia de história natural" e o desdobramento de algumas de suas questões em Dialética do esclarecimento, mas também em outros textos que compõem o mesmo projeto crítico, o presente texto ocupa-se do tema da relação entre História e Natureza em Theodor W. Adorno. Para tanto, procura mostrar como o autor, em seu diálogo tenso com a tradição dialética, critica ambos os conceitos em sua aparência antitética, para então apresentar uma nova conceituação para segunda natureza. Ao final, mostra o entrelaçamento entre segunda natureza - como catástrofe -, técnica e educação, movimento que procura pôr em novos termos a assertiva adorniana de que Auschwitz não se repita.
If You Present will you Publish? An Analysis of Abstracts at the Craniofacial Society of Great Britain and Ireland Conferences 2000–2009
Authors: Moar Kanwalraj , Butterworth Sophie
Published: March 2013

Objective

To assess the number of publications in peer-reviewed journals that are generated from the verbal presentations at the annual conference of the Craniofacial Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

Design

A list of the verbal presentations (2000 to 2009) was obtained from the Craniofacial Society of Great Britain and Ireland website. Using a web-based PubMed search engine, a search was made using title, key words, and main authors.

Main Outcome Measure

The primary outcome measure was the presentation's publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Secondary measures included specialty of the first author, the journal in which the article was published and its impact factor, and topic of the article.

Results

Of 318 verbal presentations, 67 (21.07%) went on to be published in a peer-reviewed journal. By topic, 50.7% were surgical and 12% concerned speech. The first author was in the plastic surgical specialty in 29.9% and in either speech-language therapy or orthodontics in 17.9% each of papers. In addition, 50.7% of papers were published in the The Craniofacial–Cleft Palate Journal. The overall 2-year impact factor was 0.941. Mean lead time to publication was 29.02 months (range, 2 to 110 months).

Conclusions

The publication rate is low in comparison with the rate of 44.5% given for all specialties in a Cochrane review in 2007. This may be related to the specialist nature of the subject matter or to the type of research presented at the conference and the difficulty in carrying out high-quality research on cleft lip and palate due to limited numbers and a long lead time to outcomes.
Krömmelbein Mesozic ostracod collections
Authors: Lord Alan R.
Published: March 2013

Karl Krömmelbein (1920–1979) worked on both Paleozoic and Mesozoic sequences but is best remembered for his pioneering work on late Jurassic–early Cretaceous ostracod assemblages from Brazil and West Africa, clearly demonstrating in a series of publications between 1961 and 1972 the presence of comparable marginal-marine and non-marine faunas in continental margin basins on each side of the modern South Atlantic. These ostracods and their biostratigraphical distributions have assumed great importance in recent years consequent on the discovery of hydrocarbons, especially offshore Brazil. All Krömmelbein's published and background material is housed the the Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany with the sole exception of the material figured in Krömmelbein & Weber (1971) which is housed in the Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe and Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie, Hannover, Germany. Do Carmo et al. (2008) make a number of erroneous statements about the material, i.e., that material of Krömmelbein (1965) was moved from Hannover to Frankfurt, and that Do Carmo et al.'s figured specimens from the Krömmelbein Collection in Frankfurt are ‘types’ when they are exclusively topotypic and not primary types. A statement in Poropat and Colin (2012, p. 701) attempts to clarify this situation, however, Antonietto et al. (2012, p. 663) compound the confusion by stating that the holotype of Hourcqia angulata salitrensis Krömmelbein and Weber, 1971 is housed in the Senckenberg, which it is not. The confusion may have arisen as a result of a temporary loan of the Krömmelbein and Weber (1971) specimens to Senckenberg.
Pipestoneomyidae, a new family of fossil rodents (Mammalia) from the Duchesnean (late middle Eocene, Bartonian) to Orellan (early Oligocene, Priabonian) of North America
Authors: Korth William W. , Emry Robert J.
Published: March 2013

Additional specimens of the problematical rodentPipestoneomysDonahoe, 1956, have allowed for recognition of a new family, Pipestoneomyidae. A new genus and species of pipestoneomyid is recognized from the late middle Eocene (Duchesnean North American Land Mammal Age; Bartonian),Argorheomys septendrionalis, which is morphologically more primitive thanPipestoneomysand demonstrates that this new family has been distinct since the Duchesnean. The Pipestoneomyidae share a number of derived characters with the Geomorpha, especially the two-part inner layer of incisor enamel of the Eoymidae. The Pipestoneomyidae differ from the Eomyidae in lacking the basic “omega” pattern of the cheek teeth of the former, so are in the Eomyoidea as a distinct family.
Remarkable stasis in a phloeocharine rove beetle from the Late Cretaceous of New Jersey (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)
Authors: Chatzimanolis Stylianos , Newton Alfred F. , Soriano Carmen , Engel Michael S.
Published: March 2013

The first definitive fossil species of the rove beetle (Staphylinidae) subfamily Phloeocharinae is described and figured from a single individual preserved in Late Cretaceous (Turonian) amber from New Jersey. The species is representative of the extant genus Phloeocharis Mannerheim and is described as Phloeocharis agerata Chatzimanolis, Newton, and Engel, new species. The specimen was imaged using traditional light microscopy as well as synchrotron propagation phase contrast microtomography, permitting a detailed examination of otherwise difficult to observe features. Examination revealed remarkable homogeneity across many characters with those of extant relatives, highlighting considerable morphological stasis in the genus over the last 90 million years.