bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preschool Teacher Identity
Authors: Vorkapić Sanja Tatalović , Vujičić Lidija , Čepić Renata
Published: May 2014

The teaching process cannot be simplified to definitions of the best teachers as those possessing certain desirable teaching behaviours and skills (Katz, 2002). Although there are numerous factors that significantly influence learning and teaching, one might agree that specific teaching roles dominantly determine the quality of preschool teaching processes and learning outcomes. Furthermore, two equally important dimensions that characterize teaching roles, as linked with concepts of identity, are professional and personal dimensions. Therefore, one might be wondering: Who are contemporary preschool teachers? How do they define their self and identity? What determines identity that preschool teachers describe as theirs? Consequently, how do these identities influence the quality of process of early and preschool care and education? Answering these questions is no easy task since the concept of identity is defined in various ways in the more general literature (Beijaard, Meijer, & Verloop, 2004). This chapter is focused on an analysis of preschool teacher identity from three specific aspects. First, since all identity models emphasize the cultural context within which preschool teachers' identity develops and its crucial role, contemporary changes in preschool teacher roles and a new study program called Early and Preschool Teacher Education and Care are analysed in the Croatian context. Secondly, in order to follow contemporary literature, theoretical models of identity are presented. Afterwards, based on such models, the personality traits and temperament of research participants are analysed within the context of preschool teacher identity. Finally, the chapter's third section analyses preschool teachers' values, motives, and narratives.
Global Examples of Approaches to Teacher Education in the 21st Century
Authors: McLoughlin Catherine , Nagabhushan Prathiba
Published: May 2014

The field of teacher education has been evolving for several decades, and current approaches to teacher education aim to prepare preservice-teachers to teach diverse populations and develop a range of skills, dispositions, and attributes. Emerging models of teacher preparation recognize the disconnect that has occurred between theory and practice, as opposed to developing student teacher skills and knowledge of learning processes as they occur in both formal and informal settings. The current focus, teacher education (“training” is now a pejorative term) signals a significant shift in the field over the last three or four decades. Increasingly, there is a recognition that new teachers need theoretical, technological, content, and pedagogical knowledge skills to manage the realities of the 21st-century digital classroom and the capacity to connect theory to practice. There is a growing emphasis internationally on the need to create effective and systemic school-university partnerships to prepare teachers for the profession. The focus of the chapter is to outline the features of successful models of teacher education in Finland and Singapore and to highlight the value of an Australian partnership model that is school-based while bridging the theory-practice divide.
Challenging Traditions
Authors: De Stefani Magdalena
Published: May 2014

In this chapter, the author presents the case of Mariana, a Uruguayan non-native speaking teacher of English working at Lake Primary School in Uruguay. This chapter describes an action research process during which the author and a colleague reconstructed the experience of introducing a new approach to the teaching of emergent literacy with six-year-olds. In order to generate data, apart from holding a series of interviews and class observations, they engaged in Cooperative Development sessions (Edge, 2002, p. 18) using the framework to engage in “a mixture of awareness-raising and disciplined discourse” as a further means of facilitating the understanding of professional development processes. During and after the data generation period, the author analysed the data and shared the interpretations with her colleague, who examined them critically, adding her own views and clarifying as necessary. In the midst of the explorations of pedagogical experiences, the author and her colleague allowed other discourses to emerge, and were thus able to draw conclusions regarding Mariana's identity as a non-native speaking teacher, her ability to deal with change and innovation, her relationship with peers, as well as her newly-discovered roles as researcher, leader, and change agent.
Sport Environment/Atmospherics
Authors: Price Kelly , Palmero Mauro
Published: May 2014

This chapter discusses atmospherics as a sport marketing strategy. Even though it has traditional retail roots, atmospherics have emerged as a strategy that may be utilized in the physical, online, and mobile sport environments. A comprehensive review of major traditional and sports atmospheric variables, online atmospheric variables, and applications to sport are discussed. In addition, the spectator experience cycle is introduced with atmospheric correlations. The purpose of the chapter is to explain why atmospherics are important to the sport industry and to demonstrate how sport marketers may use physical, online, or mobile atmospherics to enhance spectator experience, increase loyalty, impact attitude, consumer choice, and impact purchase behavior. In addition, the chapter is meant to emphasize the importance of atmospherics to ultimately achieve promotional and marketing objectives. Finally, future research directions are recommended.
Effect of Image Transmission in Sports Sponsorship in Chile
Authors: Carbone Daniela Cecilia Hidalgo , Gutierrez Leandro Rodrigo Poblete , Cerda José Luis Vasquez , Baeza Steve
Published: May 2014

This chapter firstly aims to introduce the notion of sports sponsorship and the effect it has on the commercialization of products and services with society and, more importantly, its use by companies to project a positive image associated with their brand and objectives. Secondly, the chapter explains the various measurement and evaluation tools available for efficacy transmission of image in sponsorship. It provides a process model for the implementation of the sport sponsorship model based on Irwin and Asimakopoulos (1992) and later adapted by Karg (2007). Finally, the chapter compares sports sponsorship investment in Chile with more advanced countries such as Spain and the United States and how companies allocate funding towards sports with the aim of increasing their brand in associated markets.
The Transfer from a Major Sport Event to a Sponsoring Brand
Authors: Aragonés-Jericó Cristina
Published: May 2014

The aim of the chapter is to analyze how sport visitors transferred perceived value and experience of the event to the sponsoring brand. Therefore, based on tourist behavior model and theories of sport sponsorship, a global model of sponsorship in major sport event whose axis is based on the models applied to transfer value and experience arises. Furthermore, the model includes the backgrounds that determine the behavior of visitors towards the sport event and the effects derived from the attendance to the event and the sports sponsorship action. Results show that perceived value is not transferred; however, the experience of the event is indeed transferred to the sponsoring brand. Additionally, the effect of experience on the perceived value is observed and can confirm the motivation, identification, and involvement as backgrounds of the model, together with all the proposed effects.
The Impact of a BI-Supported Performance Measurement System on a Public Police Force
Authors: Moskovitz Elad , Even Adir
Published: May 2014

Performance measurement, as an effective tool for implementing organizational strategy and assisting ongoing control and surveillance, is broadly adopted today. The performance measurement system (PMS) explored in this case study was implemented, using business intelligence (BI) technologies, for a public police force. The system lets police commanders view and analyze the performance scores of their own units and get feedback on the success of their activities. The study examines the system's impact, through analysis of the metric results over a time period of five years. The results show that the vast majority of the metrics examined indeed improved. Further, the results underscore the moderation effect of relative metrics weights, as well as the different behavior of metrics that reflect activity versus those that reflect outcomes. The study underscores both the positive and the negative aspects of those results, and discusses their implications for future PMS implementation with BI technologies.
Using Social Networks Communication Platform for Promoting Student-Initiated Holistic Development Among Students
Authors: So Joseph Chi Ho , Lam Siu Yuen
Published: May 2014

This article follows previous research works on the possibility of applying online social networks for educational purposes, and mainly focuses on how Facebook is being used as a platform to communicate among students of a student development project run by a local tertiary institute in Hong Kong which aimed to facilitate promotion and foster participation and interaction. The study takes on the perspectives from 7 student coaches and evaluate on the positive achievement as well as difficulties in promoting self-initiated holistic development via Facebook from 2011 to 2013. The study shows that instant interaction between participants and student coaches via Facebook leads to faster and more effective information circulation compared to traditional communication channels such as email, posters or bulletins. However, the lack of proactive discussions initiated by participants themselves, and the difficulties in establishing and maintaining active interactions between coaches and participants had been observed. Such passive practice by participants has hindered the effectiveness of fostering self-initiated holistic development.
Mobile HCI
Authors: Deegan Robin
Published: May 2014

Humans are approaching a new and intriguing time with regards to Mobile Human Computer Interaction. For years we have observed the processing power, memory capabilities and battery life of the mobile device increase exponentially. While at the same time mobile devices were converging with additional technologies such as increased connectivity, external peripherals, GPS and location based services etc. But what are the cognitive costs associated with these advancements? The software used on mobile devices is also becoming more sophisticated, demanding more from our limited mental resources. Furthermore, this complex software is being used in distracting environments such as in cars, busses, trains and noisy communal areas. These environments, themselves, have steadily become increasingly more complex and cognitively demanding. Increasingly complex software, installed on increasingly complex mobile devices, being used in increasing complex environments is presenting Mobile HCI with serious challenges. This paper presents a brief overview of five experiments before presenting a final experiment in detail. These experiments attempt to understand the relationship between cognition, distraction, usability and performance. The research determines that some distractions affect usability and not performance while others affect performance but not usability. This paper concludes with a reinforced argument for the development of a cognitive load aware system.
Investigation of the Omaha System for Dentistry
Authors: Ophaug M. , Salberg S. , Monsen K. , Jurkovich M.W.
Published: May 2014

Objective: Today, dentists and hygienists have inadequate tools to identify contributing factors to dental disease, diagnosis of disease or to document outcomes in a standardized and machine readable format. Increasing demand to find the most effective care methodologies make the development of further terminologies for dentistry more urgent. Preventive care is the focus of early efforts to define best practices. We reviewed one possibility with a history of public health documentation that might assist in these early efforts at identifying best practices.

Methods: This paper examines, through a survey of dentists, the Omaha System Problem Classification Scheme. The survey requested that dentists rate the usefulness of knowing about specific signs and symptoms for each of the 42 problems within the Problem list of the Omaha System. Results: Using a weighted scoring system, 22 of the 42 problems received over 50% of the possible maximum score and 30 of the 42 problems received at least 25% of the possible points. Conclusion: These findings suggests that further evaluation of The Omaha System, may be useful to dentistry. At a minimum, the survey provides additional information about non-physiological problems, signs, and symptoms that may be appropriate for documentation purposes within an electronic health record (EHR) used in dentistry.

Citation: Jurkovich MW, Ophaug M, Salberg S, Monsen K. Investigation of the Omaha System for Dentistry. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 491–502 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-01-RA-0001
Nighttime observation and chemistry of HOx in the Pearl River Delta and Beijing in summer 2006
Authors: Lu K. D. , Rohrer F. , Holland F. , Fuchs H. , Brauers T. , Oebel A. , Dlugi R. , Hu M. , Li X. , Lou S. R. , Shao M. , Zhu T. , Wahner A. , Zhang Y. H. , Hofzumahaus A.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Nighttime HOx chemistry was investigated in two ground-based field campaigns (PRIDE-PRD2006 and CAREBEIJING2006) in summer 2006 in China by comparison of measured and modeled concentration data of OH and HO2. The measurement sites were located in a rural environment in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) under urban influence and in a suburban area close to Beijing, respectively. In both locations, significant nighttime concentrations of radicals were observed under conditions with high total OH reactivities of about 40–50 s−1 in PRD and 25 s−1 near Beijing. For OH, the nocturnal concentrations were within the range of (0.5–3) × 106 cm−3, implying a significant nighttime oxidation rate of pollutants on the order of several ppb per hour. The measured nighttime concentration of HO2 was about (0.2–5) × 108 cm−3, containing a significant, model-estimated contribution from RO2 as an interference. A chemical box model based on an established chemical mechanism is capable of reproducing the measured nighttime values of the measured peroxy radicals and $k_{\\text{OH}}$, but underestimates in both field campaigns the observed OH by about 1 order of magnitude. Sensitivity studies with the box model demonstrate that the OH discrepancy between measured and modeled nighttime OH can be resolved, if an additional ROx production process (about 1 ppb h−1) and additional recycling (RO2 → HO2 → OH) with an efficiency equivalent to 1 ppb NO is assumed. The additional recycling mechanism was also needed to reproduce the OH observations at the same locations during daytime for conditions with NO mixing ratios below 1 ppb. This could be an indication that the same missing process operates at day and night. In principle, the required primary ROx source can be explained by ozonolysis of terpenoids, which react faster with ozone than with OH in the nighttime atmosphere. However, the amount of these highly reactive biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) would require a strong local source, for which there is no direct evidence. A more likely explanation for an additional ROx source is the vertical downward transport of radical reservoir species in the stable nocturnal boundary layer. Using a simplified one-dimensional two-box model, it can be shown that ground-based NO emissions could generate a large vertical gradient causing a downward flux of peroxy acetic nitrate (PAN) and peroxymethacryloyl nitrate (MPAN). The downward transport and the following thermal decomposition of these compounds can produce up to 0.3 ppb h−1 radicals in the atmospheric layer near the ground. Although this rate is not sufficient to explain the complete OH discrepancy, it indicates the potentially important role of vertical transport in the lower nighttime atmosphere.
Aerosol indirect effects on continental low-level clouds over Sweden and Finland
Authors: Sporre M. K. , Swietlicki E. , Glantz P. , Kulmala M.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Aerosol effects on low-level clouds over the nordic countries are investigated by combining in situ ground-based aerosol measurements with remote sensing data of clouds and precipitation. Ten years of number size distribution data from two aerosol measurement stations (Vavihill, Sweden and Hyytiälä, Finland) provide aerosol number concentrations in the atmospheric boundary layer. This is combined with cloud satellite data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and weather radar data from the Baltic Sea Experiment. Also, how the meteorological conditions affect the clouds are investigated using reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Forecasts. The cloud droplet effective radius is found to decrease when the aerosol number concentration increases, while the cloud optical thickness does not vary with boundary layer aerosol number concentrations. Furthermore, the aerosol cloud interaction parameter (ACI), a measure of how the effective radius is influenced by the number concentration of cloud active particles, is found to be somewhere between 0.10 and 0.18 and the magnitude of the ACI is greatest when the number concentration of particles with a diameter larger than 130 nm is used. Lower precipitation intensity in the weather radar images is associated with higher aerosol number concentrations. In addition, at Hyytiälä the particle number concentrations is generally higher for non-precipitating cases than for precipitating cases. The apparent absence of the first indirect effect of aerosols on low-level clouds over land raises questions regarding the magnitude of the indirect aerosol radiative forcing.
Summertime tropospheric ozone variability over the Mediterranean basin observed with IASI
Authors: Doche C. , Dufour G. , Foret G. , Eremenko M. , Cuesta J. , Beekmann M. , Kalabokas P.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The Mediterranean basin is one of the most sensitive regions of the world regarding climate change and air quality. This is partly due to the singular dynamical situation of the Mediterranean basin that leads to among the highest tropospheric ozone concentrations over the Northern Hemisphere. Six years of summertime tropospheric ozone observed by the IASI instrument from 2007 to 2012 have been analysed to document the variability of ozone over this region. The satellite observations have been also examined in parallel with meteorological analyses (from ECMWF) to understand the processes that drive this variability. This work confirmed the presence of a steep west–east ozone gradient in the lower troposphere with the highest concentrations observed over the eastern part of the Mediterranean basin. This gradient is mainly explained by the diabatic convection over the Persian Gulf during the Indian Monsoon, which induces an important subsidence of ozone rich air masses from the upper to the lower troposphere over the central and the eastern Mediterranean basin: IASI observations of ozone concentrations at 3 km height show a clear summertime maximum in July that is well correlated to the maximum of downward transport of rich-ozone air masses from the upper troposphere. Even if this feature is robust over the six analyzed years, we have also investigated monthly ozone anomalies, one positive (June 2008) and one negative (June and July 2009) using daily observations of IASI. We show that the relative position and the strength of the meteorological systems (Azores anticyclone and Middle eastern depression) present over the Mediterranean are key factors to explain both the variability and the anomalies of ozone in the lower troposphere in this region.
Spatial–temporal variations, sources, and transport of airborne inhalable metals (PM10) in urban and rural areas of northern China
Authors: Luo X. S. , Ip C. C. M. , Li W. , Tao S. , Li X. D.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Atmospheric particle pollution is a serious environmental issue in China, especially the northern regions. Ambient air loadings (ng m−3), pollution sources and apportionment, and transport pathways of trace (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) and major (Al, Ca, Fe, and Mg) metals associated with inhalable particulate matters (PM10 aerosols) were characterized in urban, rural village, and rural field areas of seven cities (from inland in the west to the coast in the east: Wuwei, Yinchuan, Taiyuan, Beijing, Dezhou, Yantai, and Dalian) across northern China by taking one 72 h sample each site within a month for a whole year (April 2010 to March 2011). Ambient PM10 pollution in northern China is especially significant in the cold season (October–March) due to the combustion of coal for heating and dust storms in the winter and spring. Owing to variations in emission intensity and meteorological conditions, there is a trend of decrease in PM10 levels in cities from west to east. Both air PM10 and the associated metal loadings for urban and rural areas were comparable, showing that the current pattern of regional pollution in China differs from the decreasing urban–rural-background transect that is usual in other parts of the world. The average metal levels are Zn (276 ng m−3) ≫ Pb (93.7) ≫ Cu (54.9) ≫ Ni (9.37) > V (8.34) ≫ Cd (2.84) > Co (1.76). Judging from concentrations (mg kg−1), enrichment factors (EFs), a multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis, PCA), and a receptor model (absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression analysis, APCS-MLR), the airborne trace metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd) in northern China were mainly anthropogenic, and mostly attributable to coal combustion and vehicle emissions with additional industrial sources. However, the Co was mostly of crustal origin, and the V and Ni were mainly from soil/dust in the western region and mostly from the petrochemical industry/oil combustion in the east. The accumulation of typical "urban metals" (Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu) showed a trend of increase from west to east, indicating their higher anthropogenic contribution in eastern cities. The winter northwestern monsoon and westerly jet stream were the dominant forces in the long-range transport of airborne PM metals in northern China, with potentially global implications.
Spatial controls on groundwater response dynamics in a snowmelt-dominated montane catchment
Authors: Smith R. S. , Moore R. D. , Weiler M. , Jost G.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The role of spatial variability in water inputs on runoff dynamics has generally not received as much research attention as topography and soils; however, the influence of topography and forest cover on snow surface energy exchanges can result in asynchronous snowmelt throughout a catchment, complicating the space–time patterns of runoff generation. This study investigates temporal variation in the relative importance of spatial controls on the occurrence, duration, and timing of shallow groundwater response, utilizing a highly distributed monitoring network in a snowmelt-dominated montane catchment in western Canada. The study findings indicate that deep-soil hydraulic conductivity is a first-order control on the spatial distribution of sites that generate shallow groundwater response versus sites that experience only deep percolation. Upslope contributing area and slope gradient are first-order controls on the duration of groundwater response during peak-flow, recession-flow, and low-flow periods. Shallow runoff response areas expand and contract throughout these periods and follow the general spatial patterns of topographic convergence. However, spatial controls on the timing, intensity, and quantity of snowmelt and controls on vertical versus lateral flux partitioning in the soil overwhelm the influence of topographic convergence on runoff patterns during early spring freshet periods. The study findings suggest that various topographic indices and topography-based rainfall runoff models would not likely be good predictors of runoff patterns in snowmelt-dominated montane catchments during early phases of the spring freshet, but would increase in importance as the freshet and post-freshet periods proceed.
Comment on "Technical Note: On the Matt–Shuttleworth approach to estimate crop water requirements" by Lhomme et al. (2014)
Authors: Shuttleworth W. J.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. It is clear from Lhomme et al. (2014) that aspects of the explanation of the Matt–Shuttleworth approach can generate confusion. Presumably this is because the description in Shuttleworth (2006) was not sufficiently explicit and simple. This paper explains the logic behind the Matt–Shuttleworth approach clearly, simply and concisely. It shows how the Matt–Shuttleworth can be implemented using a few simple equations and provides access to ancillary calculation resources that can be used for such implementation. If the crop water requirement community decided that it is preferable to use the Penman–Monteith equation to estimate crop water requirements directly for all crops, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization could now update Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56 using the Matt–Shuttleworth approach by deriving tabulated values of surface resistance from Table 12 of Allen et al. (1998), with the estimation of crop evaporation then being directly made in a one-step calculation using an equation similar to that already recommended by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization for calculating reference crop evaporation.
Mechanism of the Donghekou landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake revealed by discrete element modeling
Authors: Yuan R.-M. , Tang C.-L. , Hu J.-C. , Xu X.-W.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The huge Donghekou landslide was triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 with about 2.4 × 107 m3 of rock displaced. The landslide is considered as an example of an earthquake-induced "ejection" event, where dislocated slope materials was expelled over a section of the slope, but the kinematic processes are not well understood. We used the 2-D granular discrete element method to characterize the kinematic behavior and mechanics of this "ejection landslide". The initial boundary conditions were applied along the ball–wall contacts by using derived velocities integrated from strong motion data with a duration of 125 s, including the peak acceleration near the Donghekou area. The constraints were primarily determined from the final geometry of the landslide and geological structures to account for the actual landslide characteristics. Simulated results showed that the large local seismic acceleration and a free face under the sliding body, caused by the dip difference between the upper slide face and the natural slope, originated from the activation of the landslide. For the lower sliding body, its kinematic mechanism was changed during sliding. Initially it was a push-type landslide, and then gradually changed to a retrogressive landslide. The eroded bed on the slope during the landslide had the potential of slightly increasing the runout distance from 1435 to 1519 m, and was predicted in the numerical simulation.
Wanted: Drought‐Resistant Water Sources
Authors: Salveson Andrew , Steinle‐Darling Eva , Carpenter Guy
Published: May 2014

Droughts have accelerated a drive toward more sustainable water sources, including highly treated wastewater as a source for drinking water. Communities across the southwestern United States are using direct potable reuse to lessen their reliance on dwindling water supplies.
Fire Hydrant Inspections Produce a Data Gold Mine
Authors: Lewis David
Published: May 2014

The focal points of fire hydrant maintenance are usually procedures, tools, and techniques used to keep the equipment in working order. Utilities can also focus on data collection and analysis.
USEPA Expands Water Security Tool for All Hazards
Authors: Mapp Latisha , Hanley Adrian , Beumel Greg
Published: May 2014

Water systems are vulnerable to contamination from a variety of threats, including natural disasters, accidents, vandalism, and terrorism. The Water Contaminant Information Tool (WCIT), developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), provides water professionals with the information they need to respond quickly and responsibly when facing a contamination event.
Flushing Maintains Distribution System Water Quality
Authors: Martin Barb , Ries Tom
Published: May 2014

Previous Getting Optimized columns have focused on main breaks, disinfectant residual, and pressure monitoring, which are the Partnership for Safe Water's primary monitoring parameters for distribution system self‐assessment and optimization. Distribution system flushing, which can significantly affect distribution system water quality and performance, is another operational variable that influences distribution system operation.
Expression site attenuation mechanistically links antigenic variation and development in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Batram Christopher , Jones Nicola G , Janzen Christian J , Markert Sebastian M , Engstler Markus
Published: May 2014

We have discovered a new mechanism of monoallelic gene expression that links antigenic variation, cell cycle, and development in the model parasite Trypanosoma brucei. African trypanosomes possess hundreds of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes, but only one is expressed from a telomeric expression site (ES) at any given time. We found that the expression of a second VSG alone is sufficient to silence the active VSG gene and directionally attenuate the ES by disruptor of telomeric silencing-1B (DOT1B)-mediated histone methylation. Three conserved expression-site-associated genes (ESAGs) appear to serve as signal for ES attenuation. Their depletion causes G1-phase dormancy and reversible initiation of the slender-to-stumpy differentiation pathway. ES-attenuated slender bloodstream trypanosomes gain full developmental competence for transformation to the tsetse fly stage. This surprising connection between antigenic variation and developmental progression provides an unexpected point of attack against the deadly sleeping sickness.
Determinants of Political Corruption: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Bernaldez Pedro B.
Published: May 2014

Corruption has continuously challenged social scientists as a phenomenon that seems invincible although it has been proven to plague societies since government, as a social institution, was invented. The task is daunting but also very challenging, indeed, to resist; thus, this study was conducted to confirm what the determinants of political corruption are. Given that myriad studies have been conducted around the world on the issue area, this meta-analysis of at least twenty cross-country and country-specific studies was done. The analysis yielded the following factors as related to political corruption either positively or negatively. The (1) economic determinants were: level of development, economic growth, income, economic freedom, globalization, resources, trade openness and foreign direct investment; (2) political development were: federal form, democracy, press freedom, legal system, political participation, political competition and political stability; (3) social determinants: history, education, ethnicity and religion; and, (4) organizational determinants: democratic institutions, decentralization and government expenditure.
GDP Per Capita, Economic Freedom Index, Political Culture and Freedom of the Press Index as Determinants of Corruption Perception Index: A Global Study
Authors: Japos Genaro V. , Estrada Ronald D.
Published: May 2014

Transparency International publishes annually the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) by ranking countries on their perceived levels of corruption as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys. Corruption is the misuse of public power for private benefit. The study aimed to find the determinants of CPI. The descriptive inferential design was used involving 146 countries with complete data sets through data mining methodology. The Cluster Analysis, Pearson r, multiple linear regression analysis, stepwise regression model were used. The results showed that Gross Domestic Product per Capita, Economic Freedom Index, Political Culture, and Freedom of the Press Index emerged as the determinants of Corruption Perception Index. The study concludes that the four determinants explain 87 percent of the variation for CPI. Least Developed Countries and Developing Countries had the greatest vulnerability to corruption. In contrast, Developed Countries had lower corruption.
Social Anatomy of Graft and Corruption in the Philippines
Authors: Bueno Christopher F.
Published: May 2014

The research analysis of graft and corruption has been widely studied and described as the social cancer in the political structure and process of the Philippine society. It has been identified within the realm of political corruption that deterred the economic growth and development as the main cause of underdevelopment in developing countries in Asia and Africa. This study is a culture-based analysis to synthesize the substantive and temporal dimension of Public Administration on its social relationships in the bureaucratic perspectives of graft and corruption in the Philippines. The dialectic consideration of this study proves to be significantly relevant why until now graft and corruption remained to be the major concern even there are effective legal-institutional mechanisms such as anti-corrupt practice act to protect the government resources for the implementation of the pro-poor program in the Philippine society. The critical analysis also reflects on the essence of social acceptance and cultural reciprocity from in sociological point of view on the nature of political corruption. The culture-based approach is guided by the in-group analysis and the social perplexity of human action as to the ethical and social values reflecting inner reality of political corruption in the Philippines.
Effects of Mathematical Games Strategy on the Achievement of Students in High School Geometry
Authors: Taclay Richard
Published: May 2014

Mathematical games have become an interesting area in educational research. The study was conducted to determine the effects of games on achievement in geometry. It was done in one of the public high schools in the Division of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. Quasi-experimental design, specifically the pretest-posttest control group design was adopted using two intact groups of fourth year students with 39 students each as the subjects of the study. The first group was assigned as the experimental group adopting the mathematical games strategy in teaching while the second group as the control group employing the traditional way of teaching. A 60-item multiple choice teacher-made test was the main instrument in the study. The test provided the scores for the pretest and posttest for the two groups of respondents. The test underwent a series of steps of validation and later on the reliability coefficient was determined at 0.91 using the KR20. The study found that the students who were exposed to mathematical games strategy obtained higher achievement scores compared to students taught using the traditional method. As a result, the researcher recommends the use of mathematical games strategy in presenting and discussing lessons for the purpose of achieving higher grades in Geometry.
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: Notes on Genealogy and Prospects
Authors: Winzer Margret , Mazurek Kas
Published: May 2014

The dense and complex Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is both a human rights treaty and a development tool. It supplements the web of existing human rights instruments insofar as they relate to disability. Schooling is enshrouded as a rights-based case; inclusive education as a development tool for all persons with disabilities. The human rights agenda that informs the CRPD is intimately related to, and erected upon, earlier ideas and histories; education links to a series of world conferences that identified broad development goals and targets. This paper addresses the genealogy of the CRPD. It elaborates these two interlinked perspectives- the intersection of human rights and disability and the education-related positions. It finds that the CRPD may indeed exert a powerful influence in positively affecting the lives of persons with disabilities but, so far, prospects remain limited. The rights protections and education directions have not yet advanced to robust equality measures.
Die Erstanmeldung des eingetragenen Vereins
Authors: Lissner Stefan
Published: May 2014

Der eingetragene Verein (e.V.) eröffnet viele Möglichkeiten, gemeinsame Ziele oder Interessen zu verwirklichen. Daneben bietet der e.V. weitere Vorteile, z.B. die Rechtsfähigkeit. Das ein oder andere Vorhaben lässt sich zudem nur als e.V. realisieren. In der anwaltlichen Praxis bereiten sowohl die Vereinsgründung als auch -anmeldung häufig Probleme. Der vorliegende Beitrag erläutert die relevanten Aspekte einer Erstanmeldung und gibt konkrete Hinweise an die Hand.
Würzburger Tabelle zum Reiserecht bei Kreuzfahrten
Authors: Rodegra Kay P.
Published: May 2014

Hochsee- und Flusskreuzfahrten erfreuen sich stetig wachsender Beliebtheit. Jedes Jahr werden neue Kreuzfahrtschiffe in Dienst gestellt; für die weltweite Tourismusbranche ist das Geschäft rund um den Passagier an Bord ein Milliardengeschäft. Allein für den deutschen Reisemarkt sprechen die Zahlen für sich. 2011 haben über 1,84 Millionen Reisende ihren Urlaub auf einen Schiff gebucht und für eine Hochseekreuzfahrt im Durschnitt 1.710 ! und für eine Flusskreuzfahrt 1.075 ! bezahlt. Der deutschen Reisebranche verschaffte dieses einen Umsatz von rund 2,89 Milliarden ! (Quelle: DRV - Deutscher ReiseVerband, Fakten und Zahlen zum deutschen Reisemarkt 2011). Bei der hohen Anzahl an Schiffstouristen bleibt es nicht aus, dass es auch bei dieser Urlaubsart zu Mängeln bzw. vermeintlichen Mängeln kommt, und sich daraus zahlreiche Streitfälle zwischen Reiseveranstalter und Urlaubern über Entschädigungsforderungen entwickeln. Die Würzburger Tabelle zum Reiserecht bei Kreuzfahrten gibt zur Bearbeitung entsprechender Reklamationsvorgänge eine Hilfestellung und zeigt kreuzfahrttypische Fälle auf.
Steady magnetospheric convection events: How much does steadiness matter?
Authors: DeJong A. D.
Published: May 2014

Using a new method to identify steady magnetospheric convection events (SMCs), a list of more than 2000 SMCs is compiled over the 11 years between 1997 and 2007. The SMCs are then categorized by the fluctuations in their AL. Active SMCs have large fluctuations in AL and therefore a less steady magnetosphere in terms of small‐scale activity. Classic SMCs fall in the middle 50% for AL steadiness and represent the average of the SMCs. Calm SMCs have very little changes in AL and are the steadiest of the three categories. When investigating the solar wind drivers, it is found that the steadiness of the drivers is less important than the strength of the driving. Active SMCs have stronger drivers with the exception of Alfvenic Mach number and solar wind beta. The SYM‐H of the three categories is also investigated for the approximate storm time conditions of the events. Calm SMCs rarely occur during storm time when SYM‐H is less than −50 nT. If an SMC is identified during storm time, then it tends to be a more active event.
Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves suggesting minor ion existence in the inner magnetosphere observed by the Akebono satellite
Authors: Matsuda S. , Kasahara Y. , Goto Y.
Published: May 2014

It is well known that electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves exhibit characteristic frequencies on the basis of dispersion relations in multiple‐component plasma. We present a case of EMIC waves exhibiting a sudden decrease in intensity (characteristic lower cutoff) to just above half of the proton cyclotron frequency observed in the vicinity of the geomagnetic equator by the Akebono satellite along its trajectory during a magnetic storm in April 1989. It was found that the waves propagate with a large wave normal angle with respect to the geomagnetic field line and that they had a crossover frequency above the characteristic lower cutoff. Because of stormy conditions, ion constituents were expected to fluctuate, suggesting that the characteristic frequencies of EMIC waves should have been fluctuating as well. However, the characteristic frequencies of each event did not vary despite disturbances in the inner magnetosphere, represented by a sudden decrease in the Dst index and electron density fluctuation. In addition, the waves were repeatedly observed within a half day after sudden decreases in Dst; however, they disappeared when the recovery of the Dst index became moderate. Wave generation appears to be closely correlated to fresh energetic particle injection. We study the dispersion relations of EMIC waves under the condition of multiple ion species and suggest the existence of a few percent of alpha particles (He++) or deuterons (D+), which can explain the lower cutoff of EMIC waves in the inner magnetosphere.
A vortical dawn flank boundary layer for near‐radial IMF: Wind observations on 24 October 2001
Authors: Farrugia C. J. , Gratton F. T. , Gnavi G. , Torbert R. B. , Wilson Lynn B.
Published: May 2014

We present an example of a boundary layer tailward of the dawn terminator which is entirely populated by rolled‐up flow vortices. Observations were made by Wind on 24 October 2001 as the spacecraft moved across the region at X ∼−13 RE. Interplanetary conditions were steady with a near‐radial interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Approximately 15 vortices were observed over the 1.5 h duration of Wind's crossing, each lasting ∼5 min. The rolling up is inferred from the presence of a hot tenuous plasma being accelerated to speeds higher than in the adjoining magnetosheath, a circumstance which has been shown to be a reliable signature of this in single‐spacecraft observations. A blob of cold dense plasma was entrained in each vortex, at whose leading edge abrupt polarity changes of field and velocity components at current sheets were regularly observed. In the frame of the average boundary layer velocity, the dense blobs were moving predominantly sunward and their scale size along X was ∼7.4 RE. Inquiring into the generation mechanism of the vortices, we analyze the stability of the boundary layer to sheared flows using compressible magnetohydrodynamic Kelvin‐Helmholtz theory with continuous profiles for the physical quantities. We input parameters from (i) the exact theory of magnetosheath flow under aligned solar wind field and flow vectors near the terminator and (ii) the Wind data. It is shown that the configuration is indeed Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) unstable. This is the first reported example of KH‐unstable waves at the magnetopause under a radial IMF.
Evolution of a supercooled Ice Shelf Water plume with an actively growing subice platelet matrix
Authors: Robinson Natalie J. , Williams Michael J. M. , Stevens Craig L. , Langhorne Patricia J. , Haskell Timothy G.
Published: May 2014

We use new observations in Western McMurdo Sound, combined with longitudinal hydrographic transects of the sound, to identify a northward‐flowing Ice Shelf Water (ISW) plume exiting the cavity of the McMurdo‐Ross Ice Shelf. We estimate the plume's net northward transport at 0.4 ± 0.1 Sv, carving out a corridor approximately 35 km wide aligned with the Victoria Land Coast. Basal topography of the McMurdo Ice Shelf is such that the plume is delivered to the surface without mixing with overlying warmer water, and is therefore able to remain below the surface freezing temperature at the point of observation beneath first‐year ice. Thus, the upper ocean was supercooled, by up to 50 mK at the surface, due to pressure relief from recent rapid ascent of the steep basal slope. The 70 m thick supercooled layer supports the growth and maintenance of a thick, semirigid, and porous matrix of platelet ice, which is trapped by buoyancy at the ice‐ocean interface. Continued growth of individual platelets in supercooled water creates significant brine rejection at the top of the water column which resulted in convection over the upper 200 m thick, homogeneous layer. By examining the diffusive nature of the intermediate water between layers of ISW and High Salinity Shelf Water, we conclude that the ISW plume must have originated beneath the Ross Ice Shelf and demonstrate that it is likely to expand eastward across McMurdo Sound with the progression of winter.
Modeled diurnally varying sea surface temperatures and their influence on surface heat fluxes
Authors: Weihs Rachel R. , Bourassa Mark. A.
Published: May 2014

A diurnal warming model is used to create a new data set of global, diurnally varying sea surface temperatures (dSSTs) and surface turbulent heat fluxes over a 5 year period. The magnitude of diurnal warming is primarily a function of low wind speed and net heat flux. Differences between each of the surface turbulent fluxes with and without a diurnally varying SST are examined on hourly, daily, and seasonal time scales. Over a 2 month period, maximum averaged diurnal warming is as large as 0.3°C, and latent heat flux is underestimated by as much as 8 W/m2 in the Indian Ocean. They also exceed roughly 0.7°C and 10 W/m2, respectively, up to 25% of the total daytime in the Atlantic. A best‐case approach validation shows the model overestimates peak warming and underestimates the duration of the cycle, though the average error is quite small. The model is tested under a variety of wind speed, solar radiation, and precipitation conditions to examine the impact of potential biases or error in the input data. To test the impact of a positive bias in the wind speeds, diurnal warming magnitudes are recomputed with an adjusted wind under near‐neutral conditions. Compared to the original data, diurnal warming can increase by as much as 1.5°C on an hourly scale but generally is <0.06°C. Although precipitation effects on dSSTs are small compared to winds and radiation, the model configuration wrongly causes diurnal warming to increase by precipitation, contrary to the underlying model physics.
Wind‐driven spreading of fresh surface water beneath ice shelves in the Eastern Weddell Sea
Authors: Zhou Q. , Hattermann T. , Nøst O. A. , Biuw M. , Kovacs K. M. , Lydersen C.
Published: May 2014

Solar heated, fresh Antarctic Surface Water (ASW) is a permanent feature along the Eastern Weddell Sea (EWS) coast in summer down to a depth of roughly 200 m. Recently, ASW has been observed beneath the Fimbul Ice Shelf, suggesting that it might play an important role in basal melting. We propose that wind‐driven coastal downwelling is the main mechanism that spreads ASW beneath the ice shelf in this sector of Antarctica. We validate this hypothesis with observations, scaling analyses, and numerical modeling, along three principle lines: (i) data analyses of about 1500 salinity profiles collected by instrumented seals indicate that the observed freshening of the coastal water column is likely explained by the on‐shore Ekman transport and subsequent downwelling of ASW; (ii) an analytical model of the coastal momentum balance indicates that wind‐driven downwelling is capable of depressing the buoyant surface water to a depth similar to the ice shelf draft; and (iii) simulations from both idealized and regional eddy‐resolving numerical ice shelf/ocean models support our proposition. Our main conclusion is that wind‐driven spreading of ASW beneath the ice shelf occurs when downwelling exceeds the depth of the ice shelf base. Furthermore, our study adds to the understanding of the oceanic processes at the Antarctic Slope Front in the EWS, with possible implications for other sectors of Antarctica.