bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an instrument for patient-reported outcomes in Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (PRO-DM-Thai)
Authors: Chuayruang Kanisshanone , Sriratanaban Jiruth , Hiransuthikul Narin , Suwanwalaikorn Sompongse
Published: August 2015

Background

Effectiveness of self-care and treatment of diabetes mellitus depends upon patient awareness of their own health and disease outcomes. Physician decisions are improved by insight into patient perspectives.

Objective

To develop an instrument for patient-reported outcomes in Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (PRO-DM-Thai).

Methods

The study consisted of: (1) content development using a literature review and in-depth interviews of providers and patients, and validity testing using a content validity index (CVI); (2) construct validity and reliability testing by confirmatory factor and Cronbach’s α analyses of data from a cross-sectional descriptive survey of 500 participants from May to June, 2011; and, (3) criterion-related validity from a cross-sectional analytical survey of 200 participants from September to November, 2011.

Results

PRO-DM-Thai passed all of the validity tests. The instrument comprises seven dimensions and 44 items, including physical function, symptoms, psychological well-being, self-care management, social well-being, global judgments of health, and satisfaction with care and flexibility of treatment. The CVI at the item-level (I-CVI) were between 0.83 to 1.00 and the scale-level average agreement (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.98. All dimension models had overall fit with empirical data, while the hypothesized model demonstrated a good fit (χ2 = 5.23; (df = 6), P > 0.05, AGFI = 0.986, RMSEA = 0.000). Cronbach’s α for the total scale was 0.91 and for the subscales was 0.72-0.90. The total scores effectively discriminated groups of patients with different levels of disease control.

Conclusion

PRO-DM-Thai showed satisfactory levels of validity and reliability when applied to Thai diabetic patients.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of highly concentrated n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in secondary prevention after myocardial infarction
Authors: Permpanich Adawan , Kulsomboon Vithaya , Udol Kamol
Published: August 2015

Background

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of cardiovascular (CV) mortality and hospitalization. Survivors of acute MI have higher risk of subsequent CV events and death, compared to individuals without MI. Evidences have demonstrated the CV benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in patients who experienced MI.

Objectives

We assessed the cost-effectiveness of highly concentrated n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in addition to standard therapy compared with standard therapy alone in post-MI patients in Thailand.

Methods

A Markov model was constructed to assess costs, life years, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) with lifetime horizon in post-MI patients, on the basis of provider perspective. Input data were based on information from the Thai Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Registry, a meta-analysis of mortality data and published articles. Outcomes have been presented as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of life expectancy and quality-adjusted life expectancy. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed for key variables in the model.

Results

n-3 PUFAs increased life expectancy by 2.34 life-years at an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 256,199 Thai baht (THB) per life-year gained (LYG), compared to the standard therapy alone in the base case analysis. The quality-adjusted life years (QALY) increased by 2.01 with ICER of 297,193 THB per QALY from n-3 PUFAs supplementation. Both ICER/QALY and ICER/LYG decreased as the age of patients increased. The incremental cost per QALY gained in post-MI patients aged 45 to 85 years old ranged from 216,200 THB to 414,049 THB.

Conclusion

Considering the current willingness-to-pay threshold of 160,000 THB/QALY, highly concentrated n-3 PUFAs as secondary prevention of MI appears not to be cost-effective compared to standard treatment alone in Thailand.
Is the SNAP-II score useful for predicting mortality in mechanically ventilated in neonates within the first 12 hours of admission?
Authors: Nakwan Narongsak , Wannaro Jeerawan , Chaiwiriyawong Pornpreenun
Published: August 2015

Background

Respiratory failure is a most serious neonatal disorder. A severity of illness assessment should be performed for mechanically ventilated infants to predict the probability of hospital mortality and to assist clinical decision making.

Objectives

To evaluate the ability of the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology, version II (SNAP-II) to predict the mortality risk for the infants who are mechanically ventilated with positive pressure ventilation (PPV) at a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods

A prospective observational cohort study was performed in a 12-bed level III NICU at Hat Yai Hospital between January 2010 and December 2010.

Results

During the study period, 46 infants were ventilated with PPV at admission. Of these, 8 died (17%) and 30 survived (83%). The overall mean SNAP-II score was significantly higher in the group of infants who died compared with those who survived (36.5 ± 11.5 vs. 22.3 ± 13.6, P < 0.01, respectively).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the SNAP-II was 0.79 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66 to 0.92, P = 0.01). Every one-point increment of SNAP-II was associated with an odds ratio of 1.08 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.14, P < 0.01). The stratification of the two sets of scores when compared between groups showed that infants who had SNAP-II scores of ≥32 had the highest mortality risk with an odds ratio of 9.7 (95% CI 1.7 to 56.5) with sensitivity of 75.0% and specificity of 76.3%.

Conclusion

SNAP-II scores can significantly predict mortality in infants requiring mechanical PPV.
Comparison of exercise treadmill test, flow mediated dilatation, and inflammation in individuals with low risk of adverse cardiovascular events
Authors: Toprak Muhammed Sait , Ozturk Zeynep Gungor , Ekmekci Ozlem Balci , Ekmekci Hakan , Ikitimur Baris , Karadag Bilgehan , Cakmak Huseyin Altug , Ilerigelen Baris , Sonmez Huseyin
Published: August 2015

Background

The relationship between endothelial dysfunction, a risk factor for coronary artery disease, and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population is not well known.

Objectives

To determine the utility of an exercise treadmill test (ETT) combined with inflammatory markers to show endothelial dysfunction for individuals with a low risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) events.

Methods

Biomarkers of inflammation (lipoprotein-related phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)) and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (nitric oxide, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), and sialic acid) were assessed in 60 apparently healthy patients with a positive (+) or negative (−) ETT and across endothelial function assessed by flow mediated dilatation (FMD) and Lp-PLA2 tertiles.

Results

Lp-PLA2 levels were increased in ETT (−) compared with ETT (+) patients. Half of ETT (−) patients were found to have levels of Lp-PLA2 in the highest tertile. There was a significant inverse relationship between ETT and inflammatory biomarkers when adjusted for age, Lp-PLA2 (r = −0.28, P = 0.04), or hs-CRP (r = −0.35, P = 0.01). No differences were found for biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction. All variables were reassessed across FMD tertiles. Total lipids, Ox-LDL, triglyceride, and Lp-PLA2 were higher for the lowest FMD tertile.

Conclusion

The elevation of Lp-PLA2 in ETT (−) patients and the inverse relationship with inflammatory biomarkers, suggest that ETT cannot address endothelial dysfunction for individuals with apparently low risk of adverse CV events, and cannot be used for risk stratification of the general population.
Hepatic resection using ultrasonic surgical aspirator
Authors: Sriussadaporn Suvit , Sriussadaporn Sukanya , Pak-art Rattaplee , Kritayakirana Kritaya , Prichayudh Supparerk , Samorn Pasurachate
Published: August 2015

Background

Hepatic resections conducted for malignant tumors can be difficult because of the need to create cancer-free margins.

Objectives

To examine the outcome of hepatic resections after the introduction of a Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA).

Methods

A retrospective study of patients who underwent hepatic resection by a single surgeon between April 1999 to March 2013.

Results

We included 101 patients with 104 hepatectomies. Most hepatic parenchymal transections were performed using a CUSA under intermittent hepatic inflow occlusion (Pringle maneuver). Thirty-five patients underwent a right hepatectomy, 11 a left hepatectomy, 6 a right hepatectomy and segment I resection, 6 a right lobectomy, and 46 underwent segmentectomies, wedge resections, or other types of hepatic resections. Biliary-enteric reconstruction with a Roux-en-Y limb of the jejunum to a hepatic duct of the hepatic remnant was performed in 28 patients. Operative time was 90–720 min (median 300 min, mean 327 ± 149 min). Operative blood transfusion was 0–17 units (median 3 units, mean 3.9 ± 3.6 units). Twenty-one hepatectomies were conducted without blood transfusion. Thirty-four postoperative complications occurred in 30 patients with a 9% reoperation rate. Perioperative mortality was 6%. Age, operative time, operative blood transfusion, reoperation, and complications were significantly associated with mortality.

Conclusion

Careful preoperative diagnosis and evaluation of patients, faultless surgical techniques, and excellent postoperative care are important to avoid potentially serious postoperative complications and mortality. The CUSA is an effective assisting device during hepatic parenchymal transection with a concomitant Pringle maneuver, apparently reducing operative blood loss.
Testicular function in patients with regular blood transfusion for thalassemia major
Authors: Siripunthana Sukumarn , Sahakitrungruang Taninee , Wacharasindhu Suttipong , Sosothikul Darintr , Supornsilchai Vichit
Published: August 2015

Background

Regular blood transfusion and iron chelation therapy have improved the quality of life of patients with thalassemia and increased their longevity, but transfusion also increases the frequency of endocrine complications, possibly because of iron deposition in the pituitary gland or the gonads, or both.

Objective

To evaluate testicular function in patients with thalassemia major by basal hormonal study, and identify risk factors for dysfunction.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study of 28 patients with thalassemia major aged 11.7 ± 1.8 (8–14.9) years (15 in prepuberty, 13 in puberty with no delayed puberty) who had regular blood transfusions. A normal control group comprised 64 boys who were matched for age and Tanner genital stage.

Results

The mean level of serum ferritin in the previous year was 1,575 ± 642 ng/mL, and the onset of blood transfusion was at 3.8 ± 2.3 years and iron chelation therapy was 6.6 ± 2.8 years. The trend for anti-Müllerian hormone levels in patients and controls was similar with age, and although higher in the patients, particularly at Tanner stage II, was not significantly different. Testosterone levels were lower in the patients compared with controls; particularly at Tanner stages IV–V (290.88 vs. 537.4 ng/dL, P < 0.05). Serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels were not significantly different between the groups at any Tanner stage.

Conclusion

Patients who received regular blood transfusions had normal Sertoli cell function. Leydig cell dysfunction may occur, even though the patients had a normal pubertal onset.
Time course of concurrent infection with dengue virus serotypes 2 and 4 detected in urine
Authors: Sriprapun Methee , Laosakul Chalinee , Krajiw Sunisa , Arunyingmongkol Kesinee , Siriyasatien Padet , Kulwichit Wanla
Published: August 2015

Background

In hyperendemic areas, concurrent multiserotype dengue virus (DENV) infections commonly occur in both humans and in mosquito vectors. Previous studies have focused on single blood specimens.

Objectives

To illustrate and characterize the time course of mixed infection with DENV serotypes 2 (DENV2) and 4 (DENV4) in a single case.

Materials and methods

Plasma, saliva, and urine were collected from a patient diagnosed with dengue hemorrhagic fever grade II and secondary DENV infection on days 7, 18, and 31 of his illness. DENV RNA detection was performed using 2 DENV-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction protocols. Cloning and sequencing were performed to quantify the major and minor viral populations in dual-serotype-infected specimen(s). Genotypes of both DENV serotypes were characterized.

Results

DENV genome was detected in plasma and saliva only at the first time point (day 7 of illness), but in urine at both the first and second time points (days 7 and 18 of illness). DENV4 serotype was found in all DENV genome-positive specimens. DENV2 serotype was unexpectedly also detected in the first urine specimen. DENV4 as the major and DENV2 as the minor population. The DENV2 serotype was clustered in genotype Asian I and DENV4 serotype in genotype I.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first report of concurrent multiserotype DENV infection detected solely in urine. Prospective noninvasive investigations may determine the prevalence of this phenomenon. Clinical and public health implications of this finding need to be explored.
The age of onset of pubertal development in healthy Thai boys in Khon Kaen, Thailand
Authors: Kiatsopit Noppol , Panamonta Ouyporn , Suesirisawat Chatchai , Panamonta Manat
Published: August 2015

Background

There is variation of the age of onset of puberty in a population. The secular trends in the timing of pubertal development have decreased in some parts of the world.

Objective

To determine the age of pubertal development in healthy Thai boys in Khon Kaen, Thailand and compare it with that in previous studies of Thai boys.

Methods

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed in 316 school boys aged 5–16 years between May and July 2011. Development of the genitals and pubic hair was determined by Tanner staging, and testicular volume was assessed using a Prader orchidometer. All boys were examined by a male pediatrician.

Results

Genital stage of puberty in boys occurred at a median age of 11.3 years and a mean ± SD age of 11.3 ± 1.3 (mean ± SD, range 8.0–14.9) years, and pubarche occurred at a median age of 12.8 years and a mean ± SD of 12.5 ± 1.2 years (range 9.1–14.9) years.

Conclusions

No secular trend towards earlier age at pubertal onset for gonadarche in Khon Kaen boys, but pubarche seems to be later than found in previous studies in Thai boys.
Resident and Fellow Perspectives on Family Planning and Building During Training
Authors: Dason E. Shirin , Kapsack Abby , Baxter Nancy N. , Gesink Dionne , Shapiro Heather , Simpson Andrea N.
Published: August 2024

Importance

Physicians, especially surgeons, delay family building, and face age-related complications of pregnancy.

Objective

To explore factors that are associated with family building decisions among residents and fellows and to understand their thoughts on accessing family building supports, workplace culture, and attitudes toward family planning.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This qualitative study was conducted from May to August 2022 at postgraduate training sites across Ontario, Canada. Participants included 29 postgraduate learners. Purposive sampling from 80 eligible trainees was used to ensure diverse demographics, including sex, specialty, and institution. Semi-structured individual interviews lasting 30 to 90 minutes were conducted over a virtual platform. Participants were asked to share their thoughts and experiences on family planning in a medical career, family building goals, the role of mentorship, and knowledge of current family planning supports.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Themes associated with residents’ perception of family planning within the context of a medical career.

Results

Twenty-nine trainees, ages 25 to 37 years old (22 [75.9%] were female, 26 [89.7%] were heterosexual; median [range] age, 30 [25-37] years) from various institutions took part in this study. The participants included both 24 residents (82.8%) and 5 fellows (17.2%) and 8 (27.6%) were from surgical specialties, 3 (10.3%) from pediatrics and subspecialties, 4 (13.8%) from internal medicine and subspecialties, 2 (6.9%) from obstetrics and gynecology, 3 (10.3%) family medicine, 2 (6.9%) from anesthesia, and 7 (24.1%) other medical specialties. Four themes were identified: (1) tension between role as a physician and role as a parent; (2) impact of role models and mentorship on family planning choices; (3) family building is discouraged during training, especially in surgical specialties; and (4) need for tangible family planning supports in training.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this qualitative study of residents’ and fellows’ perspectives on family building, trainees did not perceive residency and fellowship programs as supportive for individuals who want to family build during training leading to personal and professional dissonance. Trainees identified that more tangible supports, transparent information, and mentorship may improve a trainees’ feeling of support.
Consumption of Total and Specific Alcoholic Beverages and Long-Term Risk of Gout Among Men and Women
Authors: Lyu Jie-Qiong , Miao Meng-Yuan , Wang Jia-Min , Qian Yu-Wen , Han Wen-Wen , Peng Xian-Zhen , Tao Hao-Wei , Yang Jing , Chen Jing-Si , Qin Li-Qiang , Chen Wei , Chen Guo-Chong
Published: August 2024

Importance

Previous studies on alcohol consumption and incident gout have mostly included men or combined both sexes, and the sex-specific associations between alcohol consumption and gout are poorly understood.

Objective

To evaluate the consumption of total and specific alcoholic beverages in association with incident gout in men and women.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective cohort study included 401 128 participants in the UK Biobank aged 37 to 73 years who were free of gout at baseline (2006-2010). Participants were followed up through December 31, 2021, and data were analyzed between August 2023 and June 2024.

Exposure

Questionnaire-based consumption of total alcohol and specific alcoholic beverages.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The outcome was incident gout, identified using hospital records. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of incident gout associated with alcohol consumption, with a particular consideration of reverse causation bias.

Results

The main analysis included 179 828 men (mean [SD] age, 56.0 [8.2] years) and 221 300 women (mean [SD] age, 56.0 [8.0] years). Current drinkers showed a higher risk of gout than never drinkers among men (HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.30-2.18) but not among women (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.67-1.03). Among current drinkers, higher total alcohol consumption was associated with a higher risk of gout among both sexes and more strongly among men than women (men: HR, 2.05 [95% CI, 1.84-2.30]; women: HR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.12-1.61]). The most evident sex difference in the consumption of specific alcoholic beverages was observed for beer or cider (men: mean [SD], 4.2 [4.8] pints per week; women: mean [SD], 0.4 [1.1] pints per week). Consumption of champagne or white wine, beer or cider, and spirits each was associated with a higher risk of gout among both sexes, with beer or cider showing the strongest association per 1 pint per day (men: HR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.53-1.67]; women: HR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.02-2.57]). Some inverse associations between light to moderate consumption of specific alcoholic beverages and gout were eliminated after adjusting for other alcoholic beverages and excluding individuals who had reduced alcohol consumption for health reasons, self-reported poor health, or had cardiovascular disease, cancer, or kidney failure at baseline, or developed gout within the first 2 years of follow-up.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, higher consumption of several specific alcoholic beverages was associated with a higher risk of gout among both sexes. The sex-specific associations for total alcohol consumption may be associated with differences between men and women in the types of alcohol consumed.
High‐speed bioimpedance‐based gating system for radiotherapy: Prototype and proof of principle
Authors: Belikhin Mikhail A. , Chernyaev Alexander P. , Pryanichnikov Alexander A.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To investigate a novel bioimpedance‐based respiratory gating system (BRGS) designed for external beam radiotherapy and to evaluate its technical characteristics in comparison with existing similar systems.

Materials and methods

The BRGS was tested on three healthy volunteers in free breathing and breath‐hold patterns under laboratory conditions. Its parameters, including the time delay (TD) between the actual impedance change and the gating signal, temperature drift, root mean square (RMS) noise, and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), were measured and analyzed.

Results

The gate‐on TD and the gate‐off TD were found to be 9.0 ± 2.0 ms [mean ± standard deviation (M ± SD)] and 7.2 ± 1.3 ms, respectively. The temperature drift of the BRGS output signal was 0.02 Ω after 30 min of operation. RMS noise averaged 0.14 ± 0.05 Ω (M ± SD) for all subjects and varied from 0.08 to 0.20 Ω with repeated measurements. A significant difference in SNR (p < 0.001) was observed between subjects, ranging from 4 to 15.

Conclusion

The evaluated bioimpedance‐based gating system showed a high performance in real‐time respiratory monitoring and may potentially be used as an external surrogate guidance for respiratory‐gated external beam radiotherapy. Direct comparison with commercially available systems, 4D correlation studies, and expansion of the patient sample are goals for future preclinical studies.
Current Progress on Scale‐Up and Commercialization of Microbially‐Produced Silk
Authors: Breslauer David N.
Published: August 2024

Over the past two decades, significant advancements have been made in the scalable production and commercialization of microbially‐produced recombinant protein polymers. This perspective presents the evolution from early research efforts to the development of market‐ready products, with a focus on recombinant silk‐like proteins. Initial attempts to synthesize spider silk proteins in microbial hosts faced challenges with solubility, stability, and yield. Recent advancements in synthetic biology, protein engineering, and bioprocess development have enabled the substantial progress on these challenges. Early commercial efforts highlight the complexities and high costs involved in silk production and more recent strategies have shifted toward processes with better scalability, techno‐economics, and product properties. Significant commercial progress has been made, with products launched in textiles and personal care. Although market penetration is limited so far, substantial groundwork is laid for future success. Key challenges remain, such as continued high production costs and the need for cost‐effective purification and fiber spinning techniques. However, the convergence of scientific, technological, and market developments –including a growing number of product launches – suggests that recombinant silk and protein polymers can soon become widespread sustainable materials across various industries.
Ultralong K0.5Mn0.75PS3 Nanowires Tailored by K‐Ion Scissors for Extraordinary Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Tu Xueyang , Xu Hengyue , Pan Youtan , Lv Zhuoran , Wang Linlin , Zhu Bingyi , Lin Tianquan , Bi Hui , Fang Yuqiang , Huang Fuqiang
Published: August 2024

1D layered nanowires (NWs) are expected to be excellent electrode materials due to their efficient electron/ion transport and strain/stress relaxation. However, it is a great challenge to synthesize layered NWs by a top‐down synthetic route. Herein, ultralong 1D layered K0.5Mn0.75PS3 NWs (length: >100 µm; diameter: ≈300 nm) are synthesized for the first time using “K‐ion chemical scissors”, whose excellent sodium storage performance originates from the bifunctional structural unit, ingeniously combining the alloying energy storage functional unit (P−P dimer) with the quasi‐intercalated functional unit ([MnS3]4− framework). Stress‐driven K‐ion scissors achieve the rapid transformation of MnPS3 bulk to K0.5Mn0.75PS3 NWs with directed tailoring. Compared to MnPS3, the NWs exhibit enlarged interlayer spacing (9.32 Å), enhanced electronic conductivity (8.17 × 10−5 S m−1 vs 4.47 × 10−10 S m−1), and high ionic conductivity (2.14 mS cm−1). As expected, the NWs demonstrate high capacity (709 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and excellent cycling performance (≈100% capacity retention after 2500 cycles at 10 A g−1), ranking among metal thiophosphates. A quasi‐topological intercalation mechanism of the NWs is revealed through further characterizations. This work expands the top‐down synthesis approach and offers innovative insights for the cost‐effective and large‐scale fabrication of NWs with outstanding electrochemical performance.
Molecular Control of the Donor/Acceptor Interface Suppresses Charge Recombination Enabling High‐Efficiency Single‐Component Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Yao , Pacalaj Richard A. , Luo Yongmin , Ai Keren , Hai Yulong , Liang Shijie , Fan Kezhou , Sergeev Aleksandr A. , Ma Ruijie , Dela Peña Top Archie , Müller Jolanda S. , Jin Zijing , Tuladhar P Shakya , Jia Tao , Wang Jiannong , Li Gang , Wong Kam Sing , Li Weiwei , Durrant James R. , Wu Jiaying
Published: August 2024

Single‐component organic solar cells based on double cable polymers have achieved remarkable performance, with DCPY2 reaching a high efficiency of over 13%. In this study, DCPY2 is further optimized with an efficiency of 13.85%, maintaining a high fill factor (FF) without compromising the short circuit current. Despite its intermixed morphology, DCPY2 shows a reduced recombination rate compared to their binary counterpart (PBDB‐T:Y‐O6). This slower recombination in DCPY2 is attributed to the reduced wavefunction overlap of delocalized charges, achieved by spatially separating the donor and acceptor units with an alkyl linker, thereby restricting the recombination pathways. Adding 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO) into DCPY2 further reduced the recombination rate by facilitating acceptor aggregation, allowing free charges to become more delocalized. The DIO‐assisted aggregation in DCPY2 (5% DIO) is evidenced by an increased pseudo‐pure domain size of Y‐O6. Fine molecular control at the donor/acceptor interface in the double‐cable polymer achieves reduced non‐geminate recombination under efficient charge generation, increased mobility, and charge carrier lifetime, thereby achieving superior performance. Nevertheless, the FF is still limited by relatively low mobility compared to the blend, suggesting the potential for further mobility improvement through enhanced higher‐dimensional packing of the double‐cable material.
Effect of orange fruit peel extract concentration on the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Wondmnew Emebet , Tizazu Getachew
Published: August 2024

In this investigation, the impact of reducing agent concentration on the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was examined. During the synthesis, an assessment of ionic conductivity was carried out, revealing a significant increase in conductivity prior to the introduction of the reducing agent, followed by a sharp decrease upon its addition. Characterization of the ZnO NPs involved ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and, X‐ray diffraction analysis. The outcomes suggest that the characteristics of the ZnO NPs are influenced by the concentration of the reducing agent during the synthesis process. Notably, the ZnO NPs synthesized with a higher concentration of reducing agent exhibited a narrower optical band gap and increased surface energy. Furthermore, employing a concentration of 0.5 v/v resulted in the rapid production of NPs with relatively uniform sizes. Conversely, concentrations below 0.5 v/v lead to slow formation, while concentrations exceeding 0.5 v/v yielded non‐uniform NPs.
Future worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic predictions by Gaidai multivariate risk evaluation method
Authors: Gaidai Oleg , Cao Yu , Zhu Yan , Ashraf Alia , Liu Zirui , Li Hongchen
Published: August 2024

Accurate estimation of pandemic likelihood in every US state of interest and at any time. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is an infectious illness with a high potential for global dissemination and low rates of fatality and morbidity, placing some strains on national public health systems. This research intends to benchmark a novel technique, that enables hazard assessment, based on available clinical data, and dynamically observed patient numbers while taking into account pertinent territorial and temporal mapping. Multicentre, population‐based, and biostatistical strategies have been utilized to process raw/unfiltered medical survey data. The expansion of extreme value statistics from the univariate to the bivariate situation meets with numerous challenges. First, the univariate extreme value types theorem cannot be directly extended to the bivariate (2D) case,—not to mention challenges with system dimensionality higher than 2D. Assessing outbreak risks of future outbreaks in any nation/region of interest. Existing bio‐statistical approaches do not always have the benefits of effectively handling large regional dimensionality and cross‐correlation between various regional observations. These methods deal with temporal observations of multi‐regional phenomena. Apply contemporary, novel statistical/reliability techniques directly to raw/unfiltered clinical data. The current study outlines a novel bio‐system hazard assessment technique that is particularly suited for multi‐regional environmental, bio, and public health systems, observed over a representative period. With the use of the Gaidai multivariate hazard assessment approach, epidemic outbreak spatiotemporal risks may be properly assessed. Based on raw/unfiltered clinical survey data, the Gaidai multivariate hazard assessment approach may be applied to a variety of public health applications. The study's primary finding was an assessment of the risks of epidemic outbreaks, along with a matching confidence range. Future global COVID‐19/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐COV2) epidemic risks have been examined in the current study; however, COVID‐19/SARS‐COV2 infection transmission mechanisms have not been discussed.
America's greatest and silent generations taught us to lead
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: August 2024

My Aunt Lavonne died two months ago. She was the last of ten siblings: Jessie, Peyton, Wilson, Johnny, Andy, Oleta, Billie Doris, Ruby Nell, Ollie Vee, and Lavonne. She was the last to be born, and the last to die. An entire generation of a family is gone. My aunt's death brought back so many memories of my mother, and all my aunts and uncles. It's a sad and reflective time for our family.
Increasing the Efficacy of an Air Conditioning Unit by Utilizing Phase Change Material With Cylindrical Configuration
Authors: Sao Arun Kumar , Arora Arun , Sahu Mukesh Kumar
Published: August 2024

The goal of the current study is to determine how the SST and the standard turbulence models prediction on PCM with cylindrical configuration affect AC performance and PCM discharging when coupled with an AC unit. For simulation, 308.15 K and 318.15 K, the inflow air temperature has been considered with a fixed 33.6 L/s intake air flow rate. The low outside temperature charges the PCMs during the night. During the daytime, heated ambient air is cooled by the PCM heat exchanger before passing over the unit condenser. The present outcomes show that using the standard model, the cylindrical PCM has the lowest time of complete melting. The temperature contours demonstrate that turbulence occurs, particularly at higher temperatures, in the PCM melting zone within the solid region. This implies that there is increased convection in this area. The maximum improved percentage in COP increases as the rising input air temperature for both turbulence models increases. The average power saving of AC at 308.15 K of an input air temperature for 83.33 min is predicted by both the standard and the SST to be 14.0905 W and 14.1089 W, respectively.
Investigation of the Effect of Compression Pressure in Contact OCT Imaging on the Measurement of Epidermis Thickness
Authors: Xie Zhiying , Shi Yaping , Marmin Agathe , Wang Ruikang K.
Published: August 2024

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive 3D imaging technique that offers significant advantages over traditional microscopy and biopsy in measuring epidermal thickness (ET) when assessing skin conditions. However, OCT imagining is often required to be in a contact mode for mitigating the issues of subject movement and uneven skin topology. It is not known whether the contact would affect the ability of ET measurements. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the contact pressure applied and the ET measurements. We observed progressive deformation in the epidermis with the increase of compression forces, where a notable decrease of up to 13% in ET measurement and 70% decrease in capillary vessels was noted when imaging was in contact mode. We also observed 8.1% less deformation properties in scar tissue than in nearby healthy tissue. Our study underscored the importance of controlled pressure in contact imaging mode, which is often neglected.
Myosteatosis and muscle loss impact liver transplant outcomes in male patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lu Di , Hu Zhihang , Chen Hao , Khan Abid Ali , Xu Qingguo , Lin Zuyuan , Li Huigang , Zhuo Jianyong , He Chiyu , Zhuang Li , Yang Zhe , Dong Siyi , Cai Jinzhen , Zheng Shusen , Xu Xiao
Published: August 2024

Background

Sarcopenia is associated with unfavourable long‐term survival in patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the impact of myosteatosis and muscle loss on patient prognosis has not been investigated.

Methods

Seven hundred fifty‐six HCC patients who received LT at 3 transplant centres were included. Computed tomography (CT) images of recipients were collected to measure skeletal muscle index (SMI) and skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMRA). The impact of myosteatosis on the prognosis of sarcopenic and non‐sarcopenic patients was studied separately. Muscle status was evaluated based on the presence of sarcopenia and myosteatosis. The muscle loss of 342 males was calculated as the relative change of SMI between pre‐ and post‐LT evaluations. Cox regression models were used to identify predictors of overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS).

Results

The study comprised 673 males and 83 females. The median follow‐up time was 31 months (interquartile range, 19–43 months). Prior to LT, 267 (39.7%) and 187 (27.8%) males were defined as sarcopenic (low‐SMI) and myosteatotic (low‐SMRA), respectively. For sarcopenic recipients, the presence of myosteatosis was followed by a 23.6% decrease in 5 year OS (P < 0.001) and a 15.0% decrease in 5 year RFS (P = 0.014). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that muscle status was an independent predictor of OS [hazard ratio (HR), 1.569; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.317–1.869; P < 0.001] and RFS (HR, 1.369; 95% CI, 1.182–1.586; P < 0.001). Postoperatively, a muscle loss >14.2% was an independent risk factor for poor OS (HR, 2.286; 95% CI, 1.358–3.849; P = 0.002) and RFS (HR, 2.219; 95% CI, 1.418–3.471; P < 0.001) in non‐sarcopenic recipients (N = 209).

Conclusions

Pre‐transplant myosteatosis aggravated the adverse impact of sarcopenia on liver transplant outcomes in male HCC patients. Post‐transplant muscle loss might assist in prognostic stratification of recipients without pre‐existing sarcopenia, intriguing new insights into individualized management.
Simultaneous Multiparameter Mapping of the Liver in a Single Breath‐Hold or Respiratory‐Triggered Acquisition Using Multi‐Inversion Spin and Gradient Echo MRI
Authors: Manhard Mary Kate , Kilpattu Ramaniharan Anandh , Tkach Jean A. , Trout Andrew T. , Dillman Jonathan R. , Pednekar Amol S.
Published: August 2024

Background

Quantitative parametric mapping is an increasingly important tool for noninvasive assessment of chronic liver disease. Conventional parametric mapping techniques require multiple breath‐held acquisitions and provide limited anatomic coverage.

Purpose

To investigate a multi‐inversion spin and gradient echo (MI‐SAGE) technique for simultaneous estimation of T1, T2, and T2* of the liver.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Sixteen research participants, both adult and pediatric (age 17.5 ± 4.6 years, eight male), with and without known liver disease (seven asymptomatic healthy controls, two fibrotic liver disease, five steatotic liver disease, and two fibrotic and steatotic liver disease).

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5 T, single breath‐hold and respiratory triggered MI‐SAGE, breath‐hold modified Look–Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI, T1 mapping), breath‐hold gradient and spin echo (GRASE, T2 mapping), and multiple gradient echo (mGRE, T2* mapping) sequences.

Assessment

Agreement between hepatic T1, T2, and T2* estimated using MI‐SAGE and conventional parametric mapping sequences was evaluated. Repeatability and reproducibility of MI‐SAGE were evaluated using a same‐session acquisition and second‐session acquisition.

Statistical Tests

Bland–Altman analysis with bias assessment and limits of agreement (LOA) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).

Results

Hepatic T1, T2, and T2* estimates obtained using the MI‐SAGE technique had mean biases of 72 (LOA: −22 to 166) msec, −3 (LOA: −10 to 5) msec, and 2 (LOA: −5 to 8) msec (single breath‐hold) and 36 (LOA: −43 to 120) msec, −3 (LOA: −17 to 11) msec, and 4 (LOA: −3 to 11) msec (respiratory triggered), respectively, in comparison to conventional acquisitions using MOLLI, GRASE, and mGRE. All MI‐SAGE estimates had strong repeatability and reproducibility (ICC > 0.72).

Data Conclusion

Hepatic T1, T2, and T2* estimates obtained using an MI‐SAGE technique were comparable to conventional methods, although there was a 12%/6% for breath‐hold/respiratory triggered underestimation of T1 values compared to MOLLI. Both respiratory triggered and breath‐hold MI‐SAGE parameter maps demonstrated strong repeatability and reproducibility.

Level of Evidence

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Design, Synthesis and Anti‐Cancer Evaluation of Quinoline‐1,2,4‐triazine Hybrids
Authors: Dong Chang‐E , Qi Cong , Rui‐Li  , Xue Xuan‐Yi , Wei Rong‐Bin , Liu Wei‐Wei , Zhai Yuan‐Fen , Shi Da‐Hua
Published: August 2024

Nine quinoline‐1,2,4‐triazine hybrids (5 a–5 i) were designed, synthesized, and subjected to evaluation as potential anti‐cancer agents. Structures validation of the synthesized analogues was accomplished through comprehensive analysis employing NMR, HRMS, and IR spectroscopy techniques. Furthermore, the molecular structures of compounds 5 a, 5 d and 5 h were authenticated via single crystal X‐ray diffraction. In an extensive screening process against the human pancreatic cancer PANC‐1 cell line utilizing the MTT assay, all quinoline‐1,2,4‐triazine hybrids (5 a–5 i) manifested significant anti‐proliferative activity. Compound 5 g demonstrated a significant anti‐proliferative effect with an IC50 value of 26.8 μM, similar to the positive control, 5‐Fu. Subsequent investigations revealed varying degrees of cell viability in MDA‐MB‐231, A549, and UM‐UC‐3 cell lines upon exposure to different concentrations of compound 5 g. These findings lead us to postulate that compound 5 g may impede the migration, invasion, and adhesion of PANC‐1 cells, similar to the effects observed with 5‐Fu.
Pd Nanoparticles Supported on Luffa Sponge as a Heterogenous Catalyst for C−O and C−C Coupling Reaction: From Waste to Use
Authors: Kataky Sudhamoyee , Choudhury Bhavna , Neog Gayatri , Das Manash R. , Thakur Ashim J.
Published: August 2024

This work reports a practical approach for C−O and C−C bond formation reactions catalysed by Pd nanoparticles supported on Luffa sponge (PdNPs@LS).PdNPs@LS were prepared via a green route in‐situ by using ethanol as solvent, and lignin content present in the luffa sponge could work as an effective reducing reagent to reduce Pd(II) to Pd(0) without any harsh chemical used for reduction. The bio‐based support used i. e. Luffa sponge extracted from the waste feedstock of Luffa guard in a simple filtration method is a cheap, biodegradable, abundant and renewable source with netting‐like three‐dimensional porous structure. Without significant loss of its activity the PdNPs@LS could be easily recovered and recycled for at least three times. The catalyst is characterized by FT‐IR, TGA, SEM‐EDX, TEM, and XPS analyses.
Rambutan‐Like Mg−Bi−O : Fe Assemblies Loaded with Fomesafen Herbicide to Induce the Fast Germination of Pinto Bean Plants
Authors: Esquivel‐Castro Tzipatly A. , Oliva Jorge , Rosu Haret C. , Rodríguez‐González Vicente
Published: August 2024

Assemblies of magnesium and bismuth oxides (Mg−Bi−O) were synthesized with (MBO : Fe) and without iron (MBO) by using a hydrothermal method. Such assemblies were utilized to promote the germination and growth of pinto bean seedlings. The MBO : Fe assemblies had rambutan‐like morphology, which is composed by nanohairs/flagella. The MBO : Fe assemblies were loaded with fomesafen herbicide and the release kinetics of such herbicide was explained by using the Korsmeyer‐Peppas model and the non‐Fickian transport mechanism. The cumulative fomesafen release at pH 7.5 reached percentages of 4.38 %, 71.02 %, 75.04 %, and 100 % for the MBO, MBO‐1 % Fe, MBO‐3 % Fe, and MBO‐5 % Fe, respectively. Also, the MBO and MBO : Fe assemblies were utilized to promote the growth of pinto bean plants. The germination percentages for the MBO, MBO‐1 % Fe, MBO‐3 % Fe, and MBO‐5 % Fe samples were 83.33, 100, 91.67 and 100 %, respectively. Such percentages are higher than that for the control plants grown without MBO : Fe (66.67 %). The longest root/shoot lengths (20.62/48 cm) were obtained for the plant grown with the MBO‐3 % Fe assembly. In contrast, lower root/shoot lengths (14.7/30.66 cm) were obtained for the control plants. Thus, MBO : Fe assemblies loaded with fomesafen improved the physical characteristics of the bean plants, which is of interest for the sustainable agriculture.
Rapid Preparation of Porous Graphene by Microwave‐Assisted Chemical Etching for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Yang Yun‐qiong , Liu Yang , Lin Feier , Zhang Hao
Published: August 2024

Porous graphene materials possess a larger specific surface area and a more abundant presence of active sites compared to non‐porous graphene materials, resulting in enhanced electrochemical properties. The presence of in‐plane nanopores facilitates the transmission of ions and mass, further expanding the potential applications of graphene materials in electrochemical energy storage and various other fields. In this study, a rapid synthesis of porous graphene was achieved through a microwave‐assisted chemical etching method. With the aid of microwave radiation, the etchant efficiently reduced the oxygen‐containing groups within the graphene structure, consequently generating nanopores with an approximate diameter of 10 nm. By optimizing the microwave treatment parameters, including pretreatment time, etching time, amount of etchant H2O2, and microwave power, the area percentage of nanopores in the graphene material was controlled to enhance its electrochemical properties. Porous graphene materials exhibited excellent specific capacitance and rate capability, making it a promising material for capacitor applications. Moreover, the lower internal resistance of porous graphene, compared to non‐porous graphene, demonstrated the significant role of nanopores in enhancing the electrochemical performance. These findings highlight the potential of porous graphene for use in electrochemical energy storage.
The Food Industry
Authors: Hansen Henning Otte
Published: August 2024

The food industry is involved with the processing, preparation, preservation and distribution of food and beverages. Agri-food companies, which mostly supply agriculture with inputs, are also included in the food industry in this context. A number of structures and market conditions are special in the food industry, which demands a focus on this industry: The food markets and the food companies are subject to unique terms and conditions which differ from the conditions elsewhere. The structural development of food companies and the food industry is described in different ways, including size of companies, consolidation, concentration, globalization, specialization, M&As and their overall goals. In the agri-food industry, a long-term and clear trend toward increasing concentration, consolidation and globalization can be observed. FDI but also reshoring is increasing. The stakeholder and shareholder approach seems to develop in waves.
Agricultural and Trade Policy
Authors: Hansen Henning Otte
Published: August 2024

The chapter describes the aims and content of agricultural and trade policy, and its impact on agriculture, the food industry and food markets. The starting point is that agricultural and trade policy plays and will probably continue to play a major role in the agricultural sector in the future. A significant proportion of the value of agricultural production is due to agricultural support—but there are large differences between countries. Furthermore, agricultural and trade policy also changes over time as both the goal and instruments of support change. In terms of agricultural support, some relatively clear global trends can be identified. However, the trends may vary between countries, which can largely be explained by differences in the countries’ level of development and the competitiveness and supply of the agricultural sectors.
Echocardiographic assessment of left atrial appendage morphology and function—an expert proposal by the German Working Group of Cardiovascular Ultrasound
Authors: Hagendorff Andreas , Stöbe Stephan , Helfen Andreas , Knebel Fabian , Altiok Ertunc , Beckmann Stephan , Bekfani Tarek , Binder Thomas , Ewers Aydan , Hamadanchi Ali , Freyhaus Henrik ten , Groscheck Thomas , Haghi Dariush , Knierim Jan , Kruck Sebastian , Lenk Karsten , Merke Nicolas , Pfeiffer Dietrich , Dorta Elena Romero , Ruf Tobias , Sinning Christoph , Wunderlich Nina C. , Brandt Roland , Ewen Sebastian
Published: August 2024

The left atrial appendage is a blind ending cardiac structure prone to blood stasis due to its morphology. This structure is a preferred region of thrombogenesis in relation to reduced myocardial contractility of the atrial wall. Blood stasis occurs primarily in low flow conditions. One of the tasks of echocardiography is the analysis of morphology and function of the left atrial appendage. The detection of thrombi by echocardiography is difficult and must be carried out thoroughly and carefully to avoid potential complications—especially in the context of rhythm control. The assessment of thromboembolic risk, especially in patients with unknown and presumed atrial fibrillation is a second challenge by characterizing atrial function and flow conditions in the left atrial appendage. Thus, this proposal focuses on the obvious problems of echocardiography when assessing left atrial appendage and the role of this method in planning a potential interventional closure of left atrial appendage.