bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contratiempos. Literatura y época.
Authors: Premat Julio
Published: March 2014

La noción de “lo contemporáneo” constituye un intento fútil de convertir el presente en concepto, de acercarnos a un horizonte que a un tiempo nos elude y nos acompaña. Sin embargo, la contemporaneidad forma indudablemente un marco dentro del cual se define una serie de percepciones y formalizaciones sociales, culturales, y estéticas. Esta contradicción permite dos afirmaciones: primero, que a partir de múltiples formulaciones de lo contemporáneo (por parte de críticos como Hartog, Agamben y Didi-Huberman) se puede identificar una contemporaneidad múltiple, imprecisa y hasta inoperante; y segundo, que lo contemporáneo se puede cotejar con la noción psicoanalítica de “lo real”. El presente trabajo delinea estos movimientos conceptuales en cuanto a lo contemporáneo y propone examinar a partir de ellos la relación entre la literatura reciente latinoamericana y sus coordenadas temporales. Considerando como ejemplos la antología McOndo y el Manifiesto Crack , se identifican las tentativas editoriales de imponer una coherencia generacional a la reciente producción literaria latinoamericana. Como contrapunto, tras una consideración de las distintas contemporaneidades de los autores César Aira y Mario Bellatin, planteamos la noción de la literatura à contretemps , es decir, una temporalidad literaria de la superposición, la anulación de la sincronía y la expansión multidireccional del presente.
Reviews
Authors: Geczy Adam , Laugesen Amanda , Tay Geniesa , Roe Jill , Gascoigne John , Rhook Natalie
Published: March 2014

A Queer History of Fashion: From the Closet to the Catwalk, Valerie Steele (ed.) (2013) New Haven, London/New York: Yale University Press/Fashion Institute of Technology, 248 pp., ISBN: 9780300196702, h/bk, AU $54.99

Buffalo Bill in Bologna: The Americanization of the World, 1869-1922, Robert W. Rydell and Rob Kroes (2013) Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 209 pp., ISBN: 9780226007120, p/bk, AU$14.40

Loving Faster than Light: Romance Readers in Einstein’s Universe, Katy Price (2012) Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 261 pp., ISBN: 9780226680736, h/bk, AU$45

Apollo in George Street. The Life of David McKee Wright, Michael Sharkey (2012) Sydney: Puncher & Wattmann ISBN: 9781921450341, 437 pp., p/bk, AU$34.95.

The Savage Visit: New World People and Popular Imperial Culture in Britain, 1710-1795, Kate Fullager (2012) Berkeley and London: University of California Press, xv + 252 pp., ISBN: 9781938169038, p/bk, AU$ 49.95

The Vogue Factor, Kirstie Clements (2013) Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 234 pp., ISBN: 9780522862430, p/bk, AU$29.95.
Transforming Intuitive Illiteracy: Understanding the Effects of the Unconscious Mind on Image Meaning, Image Consumption, and Behavior
Authors: Williams Rick
Published: March 2014

New advances in cognitive neuroscience that track visual messages through the brain indicate that media imagery stimulates intuitive, unconscious cognitive motivators that shape our perceptions of reality and directly guide our behavior. This cognitive synthesis does not distinguish between mediated and real imagery and the cognition and the motivated behavior occur before the rational mind receives the neural signal. Because of the rational bias of our educational system, most of us still approach media communication from an intuitively illiterate perspectives. But, in today’s visual culture, visually based, intuitive literacy has become a prerequisite to the successful negotiation of culture as an educated person. This article explores the theoretical foundations of intuitive, visual literacy and presents processes that educators can use to teach intuitive literacy so that students can better negotiate the world and guide their own behavior in ways that generate and sustain quality and integrity in their lives.
¿Fíbulas peninsulares de codo «sículas» o de tipo «Monachil»? Novedades y revisión
Authors: Carrasco Rus Javier , Pachón Romero Juan Antonio , Montero Ruiz Ignacio , González Prats Alfredo , Gámiz Jiménez Jesús
Published: March 2014

Se estudia un amplio conjunto de fibulas de codo de las tradicionalmente denominadas «sículas», bajo nuestra nomenclatura de tipo «Monachil», que vienen a completar el panorama cada vez más conocido de este tipo de artilugios problemáticos y paradigmáticos del Bronce Final en la Península Ibérica. De nuevo, se profundiza en sus diferentes tipologías y cronologías, así como en su dispersión regional y posible autoctonía o aloctonía, con el fin de seguir incidiendo en la elaboración de un factible marco crono-cultural, en el que encuadrar mínimamente sus mal definidas formas y desarrollos. Con los datos actuales no es factible mantener un origen sículo para estas fíbulas en la Península Ibérica.
La excavación y consolidación de la torre Bombarda (L’Alfàs del Pi, Alicante)
Authors: Frías Castillejo Carolina
Published: March 2014

La torre Bombarda es un elemento patrimonial declarado BIC situado en la Serra Gelada, junto al faro de l’Albir, en el municipio de l’Alfàs del Pi. Durante los meses de noviembre de 2011 a enero de 2012 el Ayuntamiento ha ejecutado un proyecto de excavación y consolidación de la torre, con el fin de detener el proceso de degradación al que se estaba viendo sometida. Dicha actuación ha proporcionado datos suficientes para conocer su planta, así como para plantear una propuesta de alzado a partir de la documentación fotogramétrica y reconstrucción 3D de la estructura.
Examination of teachers' perceptions of multicultural education
Authors: Başarır Fatma , Sarı Mediha , Çetin Abdullah
Published: March 2014

The aim of this study is to determine the multicultural education perceptions of teachers working in secondary and high schools. Participants of this research designed with phenomenological approach, which is one of the qualitative research methods are 12 teachers working in secondary and high schools. Data was collected through the interview method in which a semi-structured interview form was used. Content analyzes were performed on the collected data and congruity ratios were calculated (0.83) between coders for the encodings performed separately by the researchers. Results indicate that the teachers most frequently define multicultural education as "training which is appropriate to different cultural values". When the definitions of multicultural education were examined, it was deduced that teachers focused on race, ethnicity, language, religion or social class dimensions of multiculturalism whereas, they did not think age, gender, disability, sexual orientation dimensions as the scope of the of multiculturalism. The teachers also expressed that they implemented multicultural education by "creating a culturally sensitive classroom environment" and "culturally sensitive teaching". The teachers stated that the primary advantage of multicultural education practices was the students' development of cultural sensitivity while the most important obstacle they faced in multicultural education practices was "undesirable student behaviors". At the end, it was concluded that teachers need to get a comprehensive education on multicultural education.
Evaluating Prostate Cancer Knowledge in Rural Southeastern Indiana County
Authors: Kroger-Jarvis Melanie
Published: March 2014

Purpose: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent form of non-cutaneous cancer in the male population and a major cause of death in men. The purpose of this study was to evaluate knowledge of prostate cancer screening among rural men in Ripley county, Indiana. Methods: An 11 item survey was developed and distributed in two family practices, multiple retail sites, and eateries located within Ripley County, Southeastern, Indiana Findings: A convenience sample of 59 men over the age of 50 was recruited by the primary investigator (PI). Through descriptive analysis, the data demonstrates men in Ripley County, Indiana are aware of current prostate cancer screening guidelines. Although they indicated knowing updated information regarding prostate cancer screening, many have not obtained screening. Study findings point to the need for educational programs designed to improve prostate cancer screening rates in this population. Conclusion: Results demonstrate men state they have enough information regarding prostate cancer screening, however many have not obtained screening. The influence of the healthcare provider, spouse, and the men obtaining prostate cancer screening were found to have relationships. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v14i1.27 Keywords: prostate cancer screening, survey, theory, models,
Regularity theory for tangent-point energies: The non-degenerate sub-critical case
Authors: Blatt Simon , Reiter Philipp
Published: March 2014

In this article we introduce and investigate a new two-parameter family
of knot energies

TP

(
p
,

q
)

${\operatorname{TP}^{(p,\,q)}}$

that contains the tangent-point energies. These
energies are obtained by decoupling the exponents in the
numerator and denominator of the integrand in the original definition of
the tangent-point energies.
We will first characterize the curves of finite
energy

TP

(
p
,

q
)

${\operatorname{TP}^{(p,\,q)}}$

in the sub-critical range p ∈ (q+2,2q+1) and see that those
are all injective and regular curves in the Sobolev–Slobodeckiĭ space

W

(
p
-
1
)
/
q
,
q

(
ℝ
/
ℤ
,

ℝ
n

)

${W^{\scriptstyle (p-1)/q,q}(\mathbb {R}/\mathbb {Z},\mathbb {R}^n)}$

. We derive a formula for the first variation
that turns out to be a non-degenerate elliptic operator for the special
case q = 2: a fact that seems not to be the case for the original
tangent-point energies.
This observation allows us to prove that stationary points
of

TP

(
p
,
2
)

$\operatorname{TP}^{(p,2)}$

+ λ length,
p ∈ (4,5), λ > 0,
are smooth – so especially all local minimizers are smooth.
Euler factors determine local Weil representations
Authors: Dokchitser Tim , Dokchitser Vladimir
Published: March 2014

We show that a Frobenius-semisimple Weil representation over a local field K is determined
by its Euler factors over the extensions of K. The construction is explicit, and we
illustrate it for l-adic representations attached to elliptic and genus 2 curves.
As an application, we construct an absolutely simple 2-dimensional abelian variety over

ℚ

${\mathbb{Q}}$

all of whose quadratic twists must have positive rank, according to the
Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture.
On the Sandpile Model of Modified Wheels I
Authors: Raza Zahid , Waheed Seemal Abdul
Published: March 2014

In this paper, we investigate the sandpile group of modified wheels Ŵ
2n
by using a variant of the chip firing game [6] defined on this family of graphs. The family of modified wheels Ŵ
2n
is defined by taking the simple wheel graph W

n
with n rim vertices and then adding two extra vertices on each of the rim edges. It has 3n + 1 number of vertices and size 4n.
Lexical and organizational features in novice and experienced ELF presentations
Authors: Kao Shin-Mei , Wang Wen-Chun
Published: March 2014

Today's higher educational contexts challenge teachers, students, and researchers in making effective oral presentations for international audience in academic contexts. This study examines the lexical richness and organizational cohesion in the oral presentations made by three groups of presenters: 44 college-level ELF learners representing novice ELF speakers, 30 conference presentations in economy, social sciences, humanities, and technology from the ELFA project, and 23 conference presentations in applied linguistics from the JSCC corpus. Salient differences were found in the proportion and levels of lexical items, and the quantity and variability of organizational devices between the three groups. The two expert groups demonstrated that ELF academic presentations do not require massive uses of difficult words or complex sentence structures; rather, experienced ELF speakers built up their presentations with 85% of basic and 15% of academic and professional level words. Unlike the novices who relied on grammatical cohesion heavily, the two expert groups show a balanced use of lexical and grammatical cohesive devices in structuring clauses and information. The procedures for quantifying lexical richness and organizational cohesion may be developed into assessment rubrics for ELF presentations. Future studies should take the presentation content, usage accuracy, and the audience evaluation into account.
Radiochemical measurement of neutron-spectrum averaged cross sections for the formation of 64Cu and 67Cu
via the (n,p) reaction at a TRIGA Mark-II reactor: Feasibility of simultaneous production of the theragnostic
pair 64Cu/67Cu
Authors: Uddin Md. Shuza , Rumman-uz-Zaman Md. , Hossain Syed Mohammod , Qaim Syed M.
Published: March 2014

Integral cross sections of the 64Zn(n, p)64Cu and 67Zn(n, p)67Cu reactions were measured for the fast neutron spectrum of TRIGA Mark-II reactor at Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A clean radiochemical separation was performed to isolate the copper radionuclides from the target element zinc. The radioactivities produced in the irradiation were measured by HPGe γ-ray spectroscopy. The neutron flux over the energy range 0.5–20 MeV was determined using the 58Ni(n, p)58Co monitor reaction. The measured results amount to 28.9 ± 2.0 mb and 0.84 ± 0.07 mb for the formation of 64Cu and 67Cu, respectively. These values are slightly lower than the respective values for a pure fission spectrum. The present results were compared with data calculated using the neutron spectral distribution and the recently critically analysed excitation function of each reaction given in the literature. The good agreement validates the reliability of those excitation functions. The feasibility of simultaneous production of 64Cu and 67Cu with fast neutrons is discussed.
Foreword
Authors: Brien Christopher
Published: March 2014

Foreword to Volume 2, Issue 1.
A Conversation with the Hon Chief Justice Marilyn Warren AC
Authors: Boal Michael , Ainsworth Levi
Published: March 2014

Interview with the Chief Justice of Victoria conducted on 22 August 2013 at the Supreme Court of Victoria in Melbourne.
Did Humans Live with Dinosaurs? Excavating “Man Tracks” along the Paluxy River
Authors: Moore Randy
Published: March 2014

The alleged “man tracks” beside dinosaur tracks near Glen Rose, Texas, are among the most enduring pieces of evidence used by young-Earth creationists to reject evolution. Despite the tracks’ fame, their most persistent advocate – that is, Carl Baugh of the Creation Evidence Museum – has published neither (1) peer-reviewed papers in scientific journals about the tracks nor (2) clear, convincing, unenhanced photographs of unaltered tracks taken during an excavation. I participated in an excavation sponsored by Baugh’s Creation Evidence Museum that uncovered three “man tracks” that Baugh and his assistants verified as being made by humans. These “tracks” are presented here and are among the first clear, unenhanced photographs of freshly uncovered “man tracks” taken during a Baugh-led excavation. They look no different than any of the countless other scuffs, cracks, and erosion marks in the area.
THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Antithyroid drug use in early pregnancy and birth defects: time windows of relative safety and high risk?
Authors: Laurberg Peter , Andersen Stine Linding
Published: March 2014

Background

Antithyroid drugs (ATDs) may have teratogenic effects when used in early pregnancy.

Objective

To review the association between the time period of ATD exposure in early pregnancy and the development of birth defects.

Methods

We identified publications on birth defects after early pregnancy exposure to the ATDs methimazole (MMI; and its prodrug carbimazole (CMZ)) and propylthiouracil (PTU). Cases of birth defects after ATD treatment had been initiated or terminated within the first 10 weeks of pregnancy were identified and studied in detail.

Results

A total of 92 publications were read in detail. Two recent large controlled studies showed ATD-associated birth defects in 2–3% of exposed children, and MMI/CMZ-associated defects were often severe. Out of the total number of publications, 17 included cases of birth defects with early pregnancy stop/start of ATD treatment, and these cases suggested that the high risk was confined to gestational weeks 6–10, which is the major period of organogenesis. Thus, the cases reported suggest that the risk of birth defects could be minimized if pregnant women terminate ATD intake before gestational week 6.

Conclusion

Both MMI and PTU use in early pregnancy may lead to birth defects in 2–3% of the exposed children. MMI-associated defects are often severe. Proposals are given on how to minimize the risk of birth defects in fertile women treated for hyperthyroidism with ATDs.
Modeling the Zebrafish Segmentation Clock’s Gene Regulatory Network Constrained by Expression Data Suggests Evolutionary Transitions Between Oscillating and Nonoscillating Transcription
Authors: Schwendinger-Schreck Jamie , Kang Yuan , Holley Scott A
Published: March 2014

During segmentation of vertebrate embryos, somites form in accordance with a periodic pattern established by the segmentation clock. In the zebrafish (Danio rerio), the segmentation clock includes six hairy/enhancer of split-related (her/hes) genes, five of which oscillate due to negative autofeedback. The nonoscillating gene hes6 forms the hub of a network of 10 Her/Hes protein dimers, which includes 7 DNA-binding dimers and 4 weak or non-DNA-binding dimers. The balance of dimer species is critical for segmentation clock function, and loss-of-function studies suggest that the her genes have both unique and redundant functions within the clock. However, the precise regulatory interactions underlying the negative feedback loop are unknown. Here, we combine quantitative experimental data, in silico modeling, and a global optimization algorithm to identify a gene regulatory network (GRN) designed to fit measured transcriptional responses to gene knockdown. Surprisingly, we find that hes6, the clock gene that does not oscillate, responds to negative feedback. Consistent with prior in silico analyses, we find that variation in transcription, translation, and degradation rates can mediate the gain and loss of oscillatory behavior for genes regulated by negative feedback. Extending our study, we found that transcription of the nonoscillating Fgf pathway gene sef responds to her/hes perturbation similarly to oscillating her genes. These observations suggest a more extensive underlying regulatory similarity between the zebrafish segmentation clock and the mouse and chick segmentation clocks, which exhibit oscillations of her/hes genes as well as numerous other Notch, Fgf, and Wnt pathway genes.
Effects of steroids on the morphology and proliferation of canine and equine mesenchymal stem cells of adipose origin — in vitro research
Authors: Marycz Krzysztof , Śmieszek Agnieszka , Grzesiak Jakub , Nicpoń Jakub
Published: March 2014

Disorders of the locomotive system, especially those occurring due to degenerative changes of the joints, are serious problems in daily veterinary medical practice. Steroid injections are the main way of treating these disorders. However, this approach brings usually only temporary effects of pain relief, and may cause many side effects. Alternative therapies focus on regeneration of damaged tissue using adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Since 2002, the great plasticity and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs isolated from adipose tissue (AdMSCs) have been used successfully in the treatment of degenerative joint diseases (DJD) of both dogs and horses. Possible simultaneous application of steroid therapy and stem cell transplantation could improve the commonly used clinical procedure. In this paper, the influence of the two steroid drugs (betamethasone and methylprednisolone) on AdMSCs was evaluated on the basis of morphology and proliferation rate. Both steroids positively influenced the viability and proliferation state of cells in a concentration of 0.01 mg/ml and 0.1 mg/ml, respectively. However, the concentration of 1 mg/ml had a cytotoxic effect. Moreover, the lower dosage of steroid drugs used in the experiment did not affect the morphology of cells and significantly increased cellular activity. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the stimulating effect of steroid drugs on cell morphology, proliferation rate and cytophysiological activity. These findings may influence the use of stem cells and steroids in applied regenerative veterinary medical practice in the future.
Expression of adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 in the ovary and concentration of plasma adiponectin during the oestrous cycle of the pig
Authors: Maleszka Anna , Smolinska Nina , Nitkiewicz Anna , Kiezun Marta , Dobrzyn Kamil , Czerwinska Joanna , Szeszko Karol , Kaminski Tadeusz
Published: March 2014

The aim of this study was to compare the expression levels of adiponectin receptor 1 and adiponectin receptor 2 mRNAs and proteins in porcine ovaries during four stages (days 2 to 3, 10 to 12, 14 to 16, 17 to 19) of the oestrous cycle and to measure adiponectin plasma concentrations during the same phases of the cycle. Higher mRNA expression of adiponectin receptor 1 was detected in porcine granulosa cells than in corpora lutea and theca cells (P < 0.01). In contrast, higher gene expression of adiponectin receptor 2 occurred in newly developed and mature corpora lutea (P < 0.01). The adiponectin receptor 1 protein content was the highest in corpora lutea isolated on days 2 to 3 of the cycle and was the lowest in theca interna cells (P < 0.01). The profile of adiponectin receptor 2 protein was similar to that of adiponectin receptor 1. Adiponectin plasma concentrations were significantly higher throughout the luteal phase than in the follicular phase (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the presence of adiponectin receptor 1 and adiponectin receptor 2 mRNAs and proteins in the porcine ovary suggests that adiponectin may directly affect ovarian functions through its own specific receptors. The expression of both receptors and adiponectin plasma concentration were dependent on hormonal status related to the stage of the cycle.
Effect of Offset Implant Placement on the Stress Distribution Around a Dental Implant: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Siadat Hakimeh , Hashemzadeh Shervin , Geramy Allahyar , Bassir Seyed Hossein , Alikhasi Marzieh
Published: March 2014

There are some anatomical restrictions in which implants are not possible to be inserted in their conventional configuration. Offset placement of implants in relation to the prosthetic unit could be a treatment solution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the offset placement of implant-supported prosthesis on the stress distribution around a dental implant using 3D finite element analysis. 3D finite element models of implant placement in the position of a mandibular molar with 4 configurations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mm offset) were created in order to investigate resultant stress/strain distribution. A vertical load of 100 N was applied on the center of the crown of the models. The least stress in peri-implant tissue was found in in-line configuration (0 mm offset). Stress concentration in the peri-implant tissue increased by increasing the amount of offset placement. Maximum stress concentration in all models was detected at the neck of the implant. It can be concluded that the offset placement of a single dental implant does not offer biomechanical advantages regarding reducing stress concentration over the in-line implant configuration. It is suggested that the amount of offset should be as minimum as possible.
Atenção à saúde dos homens no âmbito da Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Moura Erly Catarina de , Santos Wallace dos , Neves Alice Cristina Medeiros das , Gomes Romeu , Schwarz Eduardo
Published: March 2014

A Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem orientou a formulação de estratégias e ações fundamentando-se na atenção integral, com vistas à promoção da saúde e à prevenção de agravos, tendo sido focalizadas como eixos fundamentais na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Este artigo teve por objetivo descrever as especificidades da atenção à saúde dos homens no âmbito da ESF, conforme a visão do gestor, a demanda dos homens adstritos às unidades avaliadas e as práticas desenvolvidas pelas equipes. A atenção à saúde do homem foi avaliada por meio de entrevista a 43 gestores de equipes da ESF (EqSF), sorteadas de forma sistemática contemplando as diferentes regiões, porte dos municípios e cobertura da ESF; e pela entrevista de 86 homens adultos, das respectivas áreas de cobertura da ESF. Observou-se que as EqSF têm como estratégia abordar o processo saúde/doença no contexto familiar e ambiental, no entanto, no que se refere à saúde do homem, ainda há lacunas, desde a adequação da estrutura para o atendimento na atenção básica à motivação e desenvolvimento de ações de promoção contra os agravos mais frequentes nesta população, o que, por vezes, têm dificultado o acesso à saúde, por parte da população masculina, distanciando o alcance do objetivo da Política.
Doenças infecciosas em crianças pré-escolares brasileiras assistidas em creches
Authors: Pedraza Dixis Figueroa , Queiroz Daiane de , Sales Márcia Cristina
Published: March 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as prevalências e os fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de doenças infecto-contagiosas que acometem crianças em creches: infecções respiratórias, doença diarreica e infecções por parasitas. Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e SciELO, sendo incluídos estudos observacionais. Foram identificados 129 estudos, dos quais 21 foram considerados relevantes para o presente trabalho: 19 transversais e dois longitudinais. A sistematização dos estudos revisados destaca: i) a presença de enteroparasitoses foi o principal desfecho analisado, seguido das infecções respiratórias; ii) um único estudo investigou a ocorrência de doença diarreica; iii) a Giardia lamblia foi a parasitose mais prevalente; iv) as variáveis que mais vezes mostraram-se associadas ao desenvolvimento de enteroparasitoses foram a idade da criança, a renda familiar e a escolaridade materna; v) o atendimento em creche foi um fator de risco de enteroparasitoses e de infecções respiratórias. As infecções respiratórias e parasitárias constituem problemáticas importantes nas crianças institucionalizadas em creches cuja redução perpassa uma complexa rede de fatores socioeconômicos, do saneamento básico e da infraestrutura das creches.
A resolutividade em saúde bucal na atenção básica como instrumento para avaliação dos modelos de atenção
Authors: Bulgareli Jaqueline , Cortellazzi Karine Laura , Ambrosano Glaucia Maria Bovi , Meneghim Marcelo de Castro , Faria Eduardo Tanajura de , Mialhe Fábio Luiz , Pereira Antonio Carlos
Published: March 2014

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar qual modelo de atenção, Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) ou modelo tradicional instituído nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) apresenta maior efetividade em relação às necessidades em saúde bucal da população de Marília (SP) durante o período de 2007 a 2009. Estudo ecológico do tipo retrospectivo com uma amostra aleatória estratificada de 50% do universo da área de estudo para as 12 UBS e 37% das 29 Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) do município, sendo sorteadas aleatoriamente 6 UBS e 11 USF, respectivamente. Os dados coletados para observação foram levantados através dos relatórios gerenciais dos sistemas de informação, SIAB e Relatório de Avaliação de Saúde Bucal. Para analisar a resolutividade dos diferentes modelos de atenção à saúde, realizou-se análise exploratória dos dados e o teste t de Student. Observou-se que os coeficientes relativos ao Tratamento Odontológico Inicial não foram estatisticamente diferentes. Já no que se refere ao coeficiente Tratamento Completado Inicial sobre a população estimada maior que dois anos, verificaram-se valores de 16,74 para o modelo USF e 6,93 para o modelo UBS, havendo uma diferença estatisticamente significativa de 40,97% de resolutividade na UBS em relação aos 83,56% da USF.
A interface entre Saúde Pública e Cibercultura
Authors: Honorato Eduardo Jorge Sant Ana
Published: March 2014

Este artigo, de caráter opinativo, propõe uma reflexão sobre como está a relação entre a cibercultura e a saúde pública e sua utilização como meio de pesquisa, e não apenas como instrumento. Cibercultura seria então uma nova forma de relação entre sujeitos. É justamente "através" e "pelas" relações sociais que os indivíduos adquirem habilidades técnicas e comunicação. Mudam-se as formas relacionais, os meios, mas os fins permanecem os mesmos: o de estarem em contato com outros humanos. Nas últimas décadas, com o advento do computador, Internet e todo aparato tecnológico, as relações humanas se veem intermediadas por estes, o que caracteriza algo atual, denominado de cibercultura. Esta hoje influencia todas as áreas de atuação e a saúde pública não pode ficar de fora, entendendo esta e seus benefícios para seu desenvolvimento. Precisamos estar atentos a essas mudanças e trazê-las do plano teórico para o plano prático, implementando não somente políticas públicas de saúde que levem em conta o sócio-virtual, mas também, enquanto profissionais, nos atualizarmos sobre as novas formas de comunicação, interação, metodologia de pesquisa, elaboração de instrumentos, abordagens de amostragem e todos os demais fenômenos decorrentes da cibercultura que trabalharão em parceria com a saúde pública.
Custo das doenças atribuíveis a fatores ambientais na cidade de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Medeiros Marcilio Sandro de , Sacramento Daniel Souza , Hurtado-Guerrero José Camilo , Ortiz Ramon Arigoni , Fenner André Luiz Dutra
Published: March 2014

O presente estudo estimou o custo das doenças atribuíveis a fatores ambientais na cidade de Manaus, entre os anos de 1998 a 2009. As causas de internação hospitalar foram agrupadas com base nos estudos de Carga Global de Doença e da Análise Comparativa de Risco da Organização Mundial da Saúde. O valor foi estimado por meio da soma dos (i) gastos hospitalares com tratamento das doenças atribuíveis a fatores ambientais com os (ii) valores dos dias de trabalho perdidos resultante da permanência em leito hospitalar, estimados a partir da remuneração média dos trabalhadores de Manaus. Os dados ainda foram calibrados levando-se em consideração a cobertura da população com plano de saúde privado. O custo das doenças, considerando os valores corrigidos pelo Índice Geral de Preços do Mercado para o ano de 2009, foi estimado em R$ 286.852.666,97, dos quais as doenças cardiovasculares, as infecções respiratórias das vias aéreas inferiores e as doenças diarreicas são responsáveis por 78,6%. Das frações atribuíveis a fatores ambientais, as doenças cardiovasculares respondem por 16% (IC: 7-23%), as infecções respiratórias das vias aéreas inferiores por 41% (IC: 32-47%), e as diarreias por 94% (IC: 84-98%) da carga global das doenças.
CLINICAL FEATURES AND SEVERITY OF GASTRIC EMPTYING DELAY IN BRAZILIAN PATIENTS WITH GASTROPARESIS
Authors: BORGES Cláudio Marins Rocha , SECAF Marie , TRONCON Luiz Ernesto de Almeida
Published: March 2014

ContextGastroparesis is defined by delayed gastric emptying without mechanical obstruction of the gastroduodenal junction, which has been increasingly investigated. Nevertheless, knowledge on the relationships between etiology, symptoms and degree of delayed gastric emptying is limited.ObjectivesThe demographic, clinical and etiological features of Brazilian patients with gastroparesis were studied and the relationships between these findings and the severity of gastric emptying were determined.MethodThis is a retrospective study of medical records of 41 patients with symptoms suggestive of gastroparesis admitted between 1998 and 2011, who had evidence of abnormally delayed gastric emptying on abdominal scintigraphy. Cases with idiopathic gastroparesis were compared with those of patients with neurologic disorders or diabetes mellitus, in whom autonomic neuropathy is likely to occur.ResultsThe majority of the patients were women (75.6%) with a median age of 41 years and a long-term condition (median: 15 years). Twelve patients (29.3%) had a body mass index of less than 20 kg/m2. The most common presenting symptoms were dyspepsia (53.6%), nausea and vomiting (46.3%), weight loss (41.4%) and abdominal pain (24.3%). Regarding etiology, 16 patients had digestive disorders including idiopathic gastroparesis (n = 12), 12 had postoperative conditions, 11 had diseases of the nervous system, five had diabetes mellitus and in three cases gastroparesis was associated to a variety of conditions. In the majority of patients (65.8%) gastric emptying was severely delayed. There was no association between etiology of gastroparesis, type of presenting symptoms and the degree of delay in gastric emptying. Gastroparesis patients with proven (neurological conditions) or presumed (diabetes) nervous system involvements were significantly younger (P= 0.001), had more recent symptom onset (P= 0:03) and a trend towards more severe gastric empty (P = 0:06). There were no significant differences between this subgroup of patients and that comprising cases of idiopathic gastroparesis regarding any of the variables studied.ConclusionsThe demographic, clinical and etiological characteristics of Brazilian patients with gastroparesis are quite varied, but there is a predominance of women with long-standing symptoms and marked delay in gastric emptying. The type of presenting symptoms and the degree of delay in gastric emptying do not predict the etiology of gastroparesis. However, severely delayed gastric emptying in younger patients with recent symptom onset should raise the suspicion of impaired neural control of gastro-duodenal motility.
Estudo do comportamento cortisol, gh e insulina apos uma sessao de exercicio resistido agudo
Authors: Silva Jr. Autran Jose , Souza Markus Vinicius Campos , Tomaz Luciane Magri , Bertucci Danilo Rodrigues , Souza Gabriela Soares de , Vanevazzi Gustavo Henrique Rigo , Conceicao Filho Julio , Campanholi Neto Jose , Ruffoni Leandro Dias , Sousa Nuno Manuel Frade de , Arakelian Vivian Maria , Ramos Adriana Pelegrino Pinho , Neiva Cassiano Meirussi , Baldissera Vilmar
Published: March 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: Muitos trabalhos têm estudado o comportamento hormonal nos exercício resistido, entretanto poucos relacionam os hormônios cortisol, GH e insulina. OBJETIVO: Estudar os ajustes das concentrações plasmáticas dos hormônios cortisol, GH e insulina em exercícios resistidos de mesma intensidade com relação à massas musculares distintas. MÉTODOS: Dez voluntários, com 20,3 ± 4,2 anos, 74,1 ± 10,2 kg de peso, 177,2 ± 4,6 cm de estatura e 23,8 ± 3,2 kg/m2 de IMC, realizaram uma sessão de leg press (LP) e supino reto (SR) com quatro séries com 10 repetições a 70% 1 RM com três minutos de intervalo. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue para dosagem das concentrações plasmáticas de cortisol, GH e insulina em repouso (Pré) e em 0' (Rec. 0'), 30' (Rec. 30') e 90' (Rec. 90') de recuperação. RESULTADOS: As concentrações plasmáticas de cortisol foram significativamente reduzidas ao final da recuperação em LP (2,20±0,37 ng/dl para 1,33±0,38ng/dl) em relação à pré-dosagem. As concentrações de GH e insulina elevaram-se significativamente durante a recuperação. GH em LP foi significativamente maior em Rec. 0' (2,75±3,29 ng/ml para 9,60±5,32 ng/dl) do que em pré. A insulina elevou-se significativamente em Rec. 30' em LP (14,70±7,92 ulU/ml para 21,66 ± 8,61 ulU/ml) e em SR (6,17 ± 2,99 ulU/ml para 19,70 ± 13,8 ulU/ml) em relação à pré. As concentrações plasmáticas de insulina pré em LP foram significativamente superiores a SR (14,70 ulU/ml e 6,17 ± 2,99 ulU/ml). CONCLUSÃO: O exercício resistido promoveu diferentes ajustes nas concentrações hormonais de cortisol, GH e insulina durante o período de recuperação.
A new experimental model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in Wistar rats
Authors: Kozma Rodrigo de las Heras , Alves Edson Marcelino , Barbosa-de-Oliveira Valter Abraao , Lopes Fernanda Degobbi Tenorio Quirino dos Santos , Guardia Renan Cenize , Buzo Henrique Vivi , Faria Carolina Arruda de , Yamashita Camila , Cavazzana Junior Manzelio , Frei Fernando , Ribeiro-Paes Maria Jose de Oliveira , Ribeiro-Paes Joao Tadeu
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE: To describe a new murine model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the cigarette smoke group, comprising 12 rats exposed to smoke from 12 commercial filter cigarettes three times a day (a total of 36 cigarettes per day) every day for 30 weeks; and the control group, comprising 12 rats exposed to room air three times a day every day for 30 weeks. Lung function was assessed by mechanical ventilation, and emphysema was morphometrically assessed by measurement of the mean linear intercept (Lm). RESULTS: The mean weight gain was significantly (approximately ten times) lower in the cigarette smoke group than in the control group. The Lm was 25.0% higher in the cigarette smoke group. There was a trend toward worsening of lung function parameters in the cigarette smoke group. CONCLUSIONS: The new murine model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema and the methodology employed in the present study are effective and reproducible, representing a promising and economically viable option for use in studies investigating the pathophysiology of and therapeutic approaches to COPD.
Artificial Neural Networks pruning approach for geodetic velocity field determination
Authors: Yilmaz Mustafa
Published: March 2014

There has been a need for geodetic network densification since the early days of traditional surveying. In order to densify geodetic networks in a way that will produce the most effective reference frame improvements, the crustal velocity field must be modelled. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are widely used as function approximators in diverse fields of geoinformatics including velocity field determination. Deciding the number of hidden neurons required for the implementation of an arbitrary function is one of the major problems of ANN that still deserves further exploration. Generally, the number of hidden neurons is decided on the basis of experience. This paper attempts to quantify the significance of pruning away hidden neurons in ANN architecture for velocity field determination. An initial back propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) with 30 hidden neurons is educated by training data and resultant BPANN is applied on test and validation data. The number of hidden neurons is subsequently decreased, in pairs from 30 to 2, to achieve the best predicting model. These pruned BPANNs are retrained and applied on the test and validation data. Some existing methods for selecting the number of hidden neurons are also used. The results are evaluated in terms of the root mean square error (RMSE) over a study area for optimizing the number of hidden neurons in estimating densification point velocity by BPANN.
Analytical quality assessment of iteratively reweighted least-squares (IRLS) method
Authors: Guo Jianfeng
Published: March 2014

The iteratively reweighted least-squares (IRLS) technique has been widely employed in geodetic and geophysical literature. The reliability measures are important diagnostic tools for inferring the strength of the model validation. An exact analytical method is adopted to obtain insights on how much iterative reweighting can affect the quality indicators. Theoretical analyses and numerical results show that, when the downweighting procedure is performed, (1) the precision, all kinds of dilution of precision (DOP) metrics and the minimal detectable bias (MDB) will become larger; (2) the variations of the bias-to-noise ratio (BNR) are involved, and (3) all these results coincide with those obtained by the first-order approximation method.
Neural networks for analysis of trabecular bone in osteoarthritis
Authors: Khovanova Natalia A. , Shaikhina Torgyn , Mallick Kajal K.
Published: March 2014

This study investigated the correlation of age in male and female specimens with physico-mechanical properties of trabecular bone including compressive strength, bone volume fraction, structural model index, trabecular thickness factor, level of inter-connectivity and pore morphology. An artificial neural network was designed to analyse 35 available samples in order to account for complex inter-dependencies of the key parameters in multi-dimensional space. Trained by using Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation algorithm, the network achieved regression factor of 0·96 by optimisation and showed that age correlates strongly with the physical properties of the bone affected by severe osteoarthritis. In addition, the compressive strength was found to be the most important factor for predicting the bone aging. Within the limitations of the input data set, the model developed provides a reliable predictive tool to tissue engineering applications.
Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty Combined with Subtrochanteric Shortening Osteotomy: Case Report
Authors: Sonohata Motoki , Kitajima Masaru , Kawano Syunsuke , Honke Hidefumi , Hotokebuchi Takao , Mawatari Masaaki
Published: March 2014

Revision surgery is one of the most difficult reconstructive challenges facing orthopaedic surgeons; therefore, many new techniques and implants are needed to ensure that such patient can be successfully treated. We report a 66-year old female with a chronic dislocated bipolar hip prosthesis. She underwent a revision total hip arthroplasty combined with V-shaped subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy. This report demonstrates that V-shaped subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy can be used for revision surgery. Nevertheless, this technique is not suitable for all hip revisions, and the indications and various possible procedures and devices should be carefully considered to select the best treatment for each patient. We believe that the current report provides evidence supporting a new technical option for complex cases during revision THA.
Evidence of Psychological Engagement when Raising a Virtual Child
Authors: Symons Douglas K. , Smith Kathleen H.
Published: March 2014

Students are very familiar with digital media and computers. The aim of this study was to take advantage of this skill-set and examine evidence of psychological engagement in a personalized web-based learning experience, given the more general interest in student engagement of students in Higher Education. In this study, 117 students each raised their own virtual child as a term-long project within a child development course. The website MyVirtualChild© was used, in which students make parenting decisions, receive feedback, and write assignments designed to integrate course material with their simulated parenting experience. Teaching evaluation data showed students felt the program helped with learning and critical thinking skills. In addition, an open-ended question on the final exam was coded for emotional and behavioral content, and showed that most students felt they formed a relationship with their child and had positive feelings such as happiness with and pride towards their child. Some also made comments that showed self-reflection about either their own parenting skills or childhood experiences, and related the program to course content. This suggests that students found the program emotionally engaging and personally meaningful, which are aspects of psychological engagement in learning.
The Sequential Probability Ratio Test and Binary Item Response Models
Authors: Nydick Steven W.
Published: March 2014

The sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) is a common method for terminating item response theory (IRT)-based adaptive classification tests. To decide whether a classification test should stop, the SPRT compares a simple log-likelihood ratio, based on the classification bound separating two categories, to prespecified critical values. As has been previously noted (Spray & Reckase, 1994), the SPRT test statistic is not necessarily monotonic with respect to the classification bound when item response functions have nonzero lower asymptotes. Because of nonmonotonicity, several researchers (including Spray & Reckase, 1994) have recommended selecting items at the classification bound rather than the current ability estimate when terminating SPRT-based classification tests. Unfortunately, this well-worn advice is a bit too simplistic. Items yielding optimal evidence for classification depend on the IRT model, item parameters, and location of an examinee with respect to the classification bound. The current study illustrates, in depth, the relationship between the SPRT test statistic and classification evidence in binary IRT models. Unlike earlier studies, we examine the form of the SPRT-based log-likelihood ratio while altering the classification bound and item difficulty. These investigations motivate a novel item selection algorithm based on optimizing the expected SPRT criterion given the current ability estimate. The new expected log-likelihood ratio algorithm results in test lengths noticeably shorter than current, commonly used algorithms, and with no loss in classification accuracy.
Decoding the Visual Grammar of Selected South African History Textbooks
Authors: Morgan Katalin Eszter
Published: March 2014

Since the 1990s researchers have explored the design features of instructional texts from a Vygotskian sociocultural perspective. This article draws on their work in order to formulate analytical questions. Selected examples from four South African eleventh grade history textbooks are analyzed in an attempt to understand how the application of design principles, or the lack thereof, affects the potential mediating function of the text for historical learning as a whole. The relationship between visual processing and analytical and affective thinking is introduced to the discussion. The article concludes by commenting on the sociocultural context of textbook production.
Round-Off Noise of Multiplicative FIR Filters Implemented on an FPGA Platform
Authors: Vandenbussche Jean-Jacques , Lee Peter , Peuteman Joan
Published: March 2014

The paper analyzes the effects of round-off noise on Multiplicative Finite Impulse Response (MFIR) filters used to approximate the behavior of pole filters. General expressions to calculate the signal to round-off noise ratio of a cascade structure of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters are obtained and applied on the special case of MFIR filters. The analysis is based on fixed-point implementations, which are most common in digital signal processing algorithms implemented in Field-Programmable Gate-Array (FPGA) technology. Three well known scaling methods, i.e., L2 bound; infinity bound and absolute bound scaling are considered and compared. The paper shows that the ordering of the MFIR stages, in combination with the scaling methods, have an important impact on the round-off noise. An optimal ordering of the stages for a chosen scaling method can improve the round-off noise performance by 20 dB.
Comparative Issues of Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Julien Christian , Mauger Alain , Zaghib Karim , Groult Henri
Published: March 2014

After an introduction to lithium insertion compounds and the principles of Li-ion cells, we present a comparative study of the physical and electrochemical properties of positive electrodes used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Electrode materials include three different classes of lattices according to the dimensionality of the Li+ ion motion in them: olivine, layered transition-metal oxides and spinel frameworks. Their advantages and disadvantages are compared with emphasis on synthesis difficulties, electrochemical stability, faradaic performance and security issues.