bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turnaround, Decline, and Strategic Posture of SME: Empirical Evidence
Authors: Oliveira Saraiva Graça , Ferreira João J. , Alves Maria-Ceu
Published: February 2024

This study evaluates how the environment, the strategic posture, and the organizational structure contribute to the decline and performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME). Based on a sample of SME and through recourse to Altman’s Z-score model, we evaluate the situation of companies that declare they are facing difficulties in conjunction with their financial performance. The results demonstrate that a strategic entrepreneurial posture and an organic organizational structure, characterized by dynamism, decentralization, and control over the objectives, positively contribute to the performance of companies and prevent their bankruptcy. Our study findings contribute to a better understanding of the factors that lead to SME decline and failure while highlighting the factors that improve their performance levels. The study also reflects on the turnaround process and the redefinition of strategies, new ways of planning, internal organization, and management control.
Application of micro-substance tracer test in fractured horizontal wells
Authors: Yang Haoran , Guo Kangliang , Lin Lili , Zhang Shuangshuang , Wang Yuhan
Published: February 2024

This paper delves into a novel micro-substance tracer test in fractured horizontal well C-15. The experimental results are highly encouraging as they demonstrate that the trace material tracer is capable of satisfying the testing demands, even when there are large numbers of fracturing stages involved. Data interpretation process involved dividing the test duration into two stages-fluid flowback period and stable production period. The tracer test data were employed to analyze the production profile of the well. The findings made it evident that the primary production stage underwent alterations in different production stages. Moreover, the degree of heterogeneity pertaining to each fracturing stage was characterized by employing the residence time distribution method. It was observed that the Lorentz coefficient lying between the primary production stage and the remaining fracturing stages ranged from 0.46 to 0.68. This study expands the application of the residence time distribution method for evaluating tracer testing. Through a comprehensive analysis of heterogeneity data within the fracturing stages and the production dynamics of the well, the effectiveness of the fracturing process can be assessed. This research enables reservoir operators to gain deeper insights into the dynamics of test wells, ultimately leading to increased production efficiency.
Introducing Complexity in Anthropology and Moral Status: a Reply to Pezzano
Authors: Llorca Albareda Joan
Published: February 2024

Pezzano has offered some relevant considerations to my recently published article Anthropological crisis or crisis in moral status. He advocates for the need to address ontologically and anthropologically the relation between human beings and technologies from the concept of property. Despite its centrality, this concept is taken for granted in the debates on the moral status of artificial intelligence (AI). Both proponents and detractors of the anthropology of properties adopt a position towards it without analyzing in depth what exactly we mean by property. In this reply, I intend to take the thesis put forward in my paper a step further on the basis of Pezzano's commentary. I will defend the urge to explore a complex anthropology, markedly technological, and I will introduce the consequences this may have on the concept of moral status.
The contribution of ultrasound in the diagnostic pathway of a symptomatic hepatocellular adenoma arising from ectopic liver
Authors: Vanigli Nicholas , Melotti Laura , Dussias Nikolas , Sanna Passino Amalia , Mazzotta Elena , De Molo Chiara , Gentilini Lorenzo , Poggioli Gilberto , Gionchetti Paolo , Rizzello Fernando
Published: February 2024

Ectopic liver (EL) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of a mass composed of hepatic tissue localized in a different anatomical location with no connection to the native liver. Usually an incidental finding, EL can rarely cause symptoms such as abdominal pain due to torsion, intraperitoneal bleeding, compression, obstruction, or neoplastic transformation, both benign and malignant. EL is often suspected after instrumental investigations such as ultrasound, CT and MRI, however a definitive diagnosis is necessarily bioptic. Here we report a case of a 22-year-old Italian female patient with acute abdominal pain, who underwent abdominal ultrasound, CEUS with Sonovue®, CT scan and ultrasound-guided biopsy which raised the suspicion of hepatocellular adenoma (H-HCA). After a laparoscopic excision of the lesion a diagnosis of H-HCA was formulated.
Impact of Breastfeeding Barriers on Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Breastfeeding Outcomes in North Dakota
Authors: Ross Anna , MacPherson Cora , Baker Lannesse , Kim Soojung , Njau Grace , Williams Andrew D.
Published: February 2024

Objective

Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months of life, but there are racial/ethnic disparities in meeting this recommendation.

Methods

2017–2020 North Dakota Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (weighted N = 11,754) data were used to examine racial/ethnic differences in the association between self-reported breastfeeding barriers and breastfeeding duration. Breastfeeding duration was self-reported breastfeeding at 2 and 4 months, and number of weeks until breastfeeding cessation. Self-reported breastfeeding barriers were yes/no responses to 13 barriers (e.g., “difficulty latching,” “household duties”). Logistic regression estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to determine if barriers accounted for breastfeeding disparities by race/ethnicity. Cox proportional hazard models estimated hazard ratios for stopping breastfeeding for American Indian and other race/ethnicity individuals, compared to White individuals. Models were adjusted for birthing parents’ demographic and medical factors.

Results

Logistic regression results suggest American Indian birthing parents had similar odds for breastfeeding duration (2-month duration: OR 0.94 (95%CI 0.50, 1.77); 4-month duration: OR 1.24 (95%CI 0.43, 3.62)) compared to White birthing parents, after accounting for breastfeeding barriers. Cox proportional hazard models suggest American Indian birthing parents had a lower hazard of stopping breastfeeding (HR 0.76 (95%CI 0.57, 0.99)) than White parents, after accounting for breastfeeding barriers.

Conclusions

Accounting for breastfeeding barriers eliminated observed disparities in breastfeeding outcomes between American Indian and White birthing parents. Targeted and culturally safe efforts to reduce barriers to breastfeeding are warranted to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in breastfeeding.
Convergent Data-Driven Regularizations for CT Reconstruction
Authors: Kabri Samira , Auras Alexander , Riccio Danilo , Bauermeister Hartmut , Benning Martin , Moeller Michael , Burger Martin
Published: February 2024

The reconstruction of images from their corresponding noisy Radon transform is a typical example of an ill-posed linear inverse problem as arising in the application of computerized tomography (CT). As the (naïve) solution does not depend on the measured data continuously,regularizationis needed to reestablish a continuous dependence. In this work, we investigate simple, but yet still provably convergent approaches tolearninglinear regularization methods from data. More specifically, we analyze two approaches: one generic linear regularization that learns how to manipulate the singular values of the linear operator in an extension of our previous work, and one tailored approach in the Fourier domain that is specific to CT-reconstruction. We prove that such approaches become convergent regularization methods as well as the fact that the reconstructions they provide are typically much smoother than the training data they were trained on. Finally, we compare the spectral as well as the Fourier-based approaches for CT-reconstruction numerically, discuss their advantages and disadvantages and investigate the effect of discretization errors at different resolutions.
Prohibited Force
Authors: Pobjie Erin
Published: February 2024

Prohibited 'use of force' under article 2(4) of the UN Charter and customary international law has until now not been clearly defined, despite its central importance in the international legal order and for international peace and security. This book accordingly offers an original framework to identify prohibited uses of force, including those that use emerging technology or take place in newer military domains such as outer space. In doing so, Erin Pobjie explains the emergence of the customary prohibition of the use of force and its relationship with article 2(4) and identifies the elements of a prohibited 'use of force'. In a major contribution to the scholarship, the book proposes a framework that defines a 'use of force' in international law and applies this framework to illustrative case studies to demonstrate its usefulness as a tool for legal scholars, practitioners and students. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Computability Theory on Polish Metric Spaces
Authors: Thewmorakot Teerawat
Published: February 2024

Computability theoretic aspects of Polish metric spaces are studied by adapting notions and methods of computable structure theory. In this dissertation, we mainly investigate index sets and classification problems for computably presentable Polish metric spaces. We find the complexity of a number of index sets, isomorphism problems, and embedding problems for computably presentable metric spaces. We also provide several computable structure theory results related to some classical Polish metric spaces such as the Urysohn space
$\mathbb {U}$
, the Cantor space
$2^{\mathbb {N}}$
, the Baire space
$\mathbb {N}^{\mathbb {N}}$
, and spaces of continuous functions.

Abstract prepared by Teerawat Thewmorakot.

E-mail: teerawat.thew@hotmail.com
Computability Theory: Constructive Applications of the Lefthanded Local Lemma and Characterizations of Some Classes of Cohesive Powers
Authors: Mourad Daniel
Published: February 2024

The Lovász local lemma (LLL) is a technique from combinatorics for proving existential results. There are many different versions of the LLL. One of them, the lefthanded local lemma, is particularly well suited for applications to two player games. There are also constructive and computable versions of the LLL. The chief object of this thesis is to prove an effective version of the lefthanded local lemma and to apply it to effectivise constructions of non-repetitive sequences.

The second goal of this thesis is to categorize some classes of cohesive powers. We completely describe both the isomorphism types of cohesive powers of equivalence structures and injection structures, as well as clarify the relationship between these cohesive powers and their original structures. We also describe the finite condensation of cohesive powers of computable copies of the integers as a linear order by cohesive sets whose complement are computably enumerable.

Finally, we investigate the possibility of decomposing problems in the Weihrauch degrees into a product of first order part and second order part. We give a preliminary result in this direction.

Abstract prepared by Daniel Mourad.

E-mail: daniel.mourad@uconn.edu

URL: https://daniel-mourad.scholar.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2530/2023/06/ThesisFinalWithRevisions-2.pdf
Two-Point Concentration of the Independence Number of the Random Graph
Authors: Bohman Tom , Hofstad Jakob
Published: February 2024

We show that the independence number of

$ G_{n,p}$

is concentrated on two values if

$ n^{-2/3+ \epsilon } < p \le 1$

. This result is roughly best possible as an argument of Sah and Sawhney shows that the independence number is not, in general, concentrated on two values for

$ p = o ( (\log (n)/n)^{2/3} )$

. The extent of concentration of the independence number of

$ G_{n,p}$

for

$ \omega (1/n) < p \le n^{-2/3}$

remains an interesting open question.
Assessing harmonized intelligence measures in a multinational study
Authors: DeSerisy Mariah , Wall Melanie M. , Goldberg Terry E. , Batistuzzo Marcelo C. , Keyes Katherine , de Joode Niels T. , Lochner Christine , Marincowitz Clara , Narayan Madhuri , Anand Nitin , Rapp Amy M. , Stein Dan J. , Simpson H. Blair , Margolis Amy E.
Published: February 2024

Studies examining the neurocognitive and circuit-based etiology of psychiatric illness are moving toward inclusive, global designs. A potential confounding effect of these associations is general intelligence; however, an internationally validated, harmonized intelligence quotient (IQ) measure is not available. We describe the procedures used to measure IQ across a five-site, multinational study and demonstrate the harmonized measure’s cross-site validity. Culturally appropriate intelligence measures were selected: four short-form Wechsler intelligence tests (Brazil, Netherlands, South Africa, United States) and the Binet Kamat (India). Analyses included IQ scores from 255 healthy participants (age 18–50; 42% male). Regression analyses tested between-site differences in IQ scores, as well as expected associations with sociodemographic factors (sex, socioeconomic status, education) to assess validity. Harmonization (e.g., a priori selection of tests) yielded the compatibility of IQ measures. Higher IQ was associated with higher socioeconomic status, suggesting good convergent validity. No association was found between sex and IQ at any site, suggesting good discriminant validity. Associations between higher IQ and higher years of education were found at all sites except the United States. Harmonized IQ scores provide a measure of IQ with evidence of good validity that can be used in neurocognitive and circuit-based studies to control for intelligence across global sites.
Momentum transfer across an open-channel, turbulent flow
Authors: Popović Predrag , Devauchelle Olivier , Lajeunesse Eric
Published: February 2024

The distribution of stress generated by a turbulent flow matters for many natural phenomena, of which rivers are a prime example. Here, we use dimensional analysis to derive a linear, second-order ordinary differential equation for the distribution of stress across a straight, open channel, with an arbitrary cross-sectional shape. We show that this equation is a generic first-order correction to the shallow-water theory in a channel of large aspect ratio. It has two adjustable parameters – the dimensionless diffusion parameter,

$\chi$

, and a local-shape parameter,

$\alpha$

. By assuming that the momentum is carried across the stream primarily by eddies and recirculation cells with a size comparable to the flow depth, we estimate

$\chi$

to be of the order of the inverse square root of the friction coefficient,

$\chi \sim C_f^{-1/2}$

, and predict that

$\alpha$

vanishes when the flow is highly turbulent. We examine the properties of this equation in detail and confirm its applicability by comparing it with flume experiments and field measurements from the literature. This theory can be a basis for finding the equilibrium shape of turbulent rivers that carry sediment.
New insights into experimental stratified flows obtained through physics-informed neural networks
Authors: Zhu Lu , Jiang Xianyang , Lefauve Adrien , Kerswell Rich R. , Linden P.F.
Published: February 2024

We develop a physics-informed neural network (PINN) to significantly augment state-of-the-art experimental data of stratified flows. A fully connected deep neural network is trained using time-resolved experimental data in a salt-stratified inclined duct experiment, consisting of three-component velocity fields and density fields measured simultaneously in three dimensions at Reynolds number

$= O(10^3)$

and at Prandtl or Schmidt number

$=700$

. The PINN enforces incompressibility, the governing equations for momentum and buoyancy, and the boundary conditions at the duct walls. These physics-constrained, augmented data are output at an increased spatio-temporal resolution and demonstrate five key results: (i) the elimination of measurement noise; (ii) the correction of distortion caused by the scanning measurement technique; (iii) the identification of weak but dynamically important three-dimensional vortices of Holmboe waves; (iv) the revision of turbulent energy budgets and mixing efficiency; and (v) the prediction of the latent pressure field and its role in the observed asymmetric Holmboe wave dynamics. These results mark a significant step forward in furthering the reach of experiments, especially in the context of stratified turbulence, where accurately computing three-dimensional gradients and resolving small scales remain enduring challenges.
The modulation of coherent structures by the near-wall motions of particles
Authors: Feng Yuen , Liu Hongyou , Zheng Xiaojing
Published: February 2024

Particle–wall interaction generates strong particle near-wall motion, including collision bounce and impact splashing. To distinguish the effect of particles and particle near-wall motions on the turbulent coherent structure, this study carried out three different cases of sand-laden two-phase flow measurements: a uniform sand release at the top, local-laying sand bed and global-laying sand bed (Liu et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 943, 2022, A8). Based on large field of view particle image velocimetry/particle tracking velocimetry measurements, we obtained the velocity field of a two-dimensional gas–solid two-phase dilute faction flow

$(\varPhi _{v} \sim O(10^{-4}))$

with a friction Reynolds number

$R e_{\tau }$

of 3950. Results indicate that particles weaken the high- and low-velocity iso-momentum zones and hairpin vortices, resulting in the increased length scale of the coherent structure. However, the collision bounce and impact splashing break up the inner iso-momentum zone and hairpin vortices while enhancing them in the outer region, thus reducing the structure scale. In addition, the upward-moving particles increase the large-scale structure inclination angle, while the downward-moving particles decrease it. The linear coherence spectrum analysis suggests that the particles themselves do not change the structural self-similarity, but their saltation motions disrupt the similarity of the near-wall structure, making the inclination angle decrease with the scale, and the generated ascending particles reduce the aspect ratio of the streamwise to wall-normal direction in the outer region.
An integrative literature review of person–environment fit and employee engagement
Authors: Keane Andrew , Kwon Kibum , Kim Junhee
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this paper is to (a) develop a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between person–environment (PE) fit and employee engagement by shedding light on their intervening mechanisms; (b) represent how different types of PE fit and employee engagement interact; and (c) establish a comprehensive theoretical framework to guide future research based on the empirically examined constructs and their relationships. An integrative literature review of 51 empirical papers which analyzed the relationship between PE fit and employee engagement suggests that the antecedents of the relationship exist at the organizational, group, and individual levels and can be conceptualized as socialization, relationship building, and personal character, respectively; values–supplies fit, needs–supplies fit, and demands–abilities fit act as intervening mechanisms in the relationship; the relationship is temporal, reciprocal, and facilitated by human agency; and various outcomes result from the relationship. Implications for future research and practice are also discussed.
Loss-Driven Activism
Authors: Elia Marco
Published: February 2024

I show that hedge funds react to unrealized losses on their passive positions by engaging with the management. The hedge fund managers’ psychological response is consistent with cognitive dissonance: They blame the firms’ management and switch to activism. The loss, which is hedge fund-investment specific, is distinct from economic factors such as the firm’s industry-adjusted performance. Loss-driven activism is more likely to be unfocused on specific issues and results in worse firm performance. This study shows that an overlooked consequence of unrealized losses is to trigger an active engagement with the firm.
Genetic investigation of Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris, along the coast of Türkiye and Northern Cyprus, based on mtDNA sequences
Authors: Tonay Arda M. , Karaman Kübra , Dede Ayhan , Danyer Erdem , Aytemiz Danyer Işıl , Uzun Begüm , Taşkaya İlayda , Deval Cengiz , Öztürk Ayaka Amaha , Bilgin Raşit
Published: February 2024

The Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris, is a cosmopolitan species and the only beaked whale species commonly found in the Mediterranean Sea. Five strandings of Cuvier's beaked whale were reported along the Aegean/Mediterranean Seas coasts of Türkiye and northern coast of Cyprus in 2016–2017. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (430–444 bp) and cytochrome b (cytb) (382–424 bp) sequences each revealed two different haplotypes (four out of five individuals had the same haplotype for each locus) on these stranded animals. The control region haplotypes were identical to two previously identified haplotypes from the Ionian (Greece) and Adriatic (Croatia) Seas. Only one of the cytb haplotypes had previously been described from the Adriatic Sea (Italy) and the other one was detected for the first time. In a comparison of these haplotypes with Cuvier's beaked whale haplotypes previously reported from outside the Mediterranean Sea, the Mediterranean subpopulation shows genetic differentiation based upon the presence of two unique haplotypes. Additional mtDNA sequences from the Mediterranean Sea are needed for a better understanding of the genetic population structure of this species and to elaborate more concrete conservation measures.
Description of a new species of Pericelis (Polycladida, Diposthidae) from sunken wood in the bathyal zone in Japan
Authors: Oya Yuki , Moritaki Takeya , Tsuyuki Aoi
Published: February 2024

We describe Pericelis nivea sp. nov. from sunken wood collected 330 m deep, off the coast of Owase, Japan. This is the first record of Pericelis from the bathyal zone. Unlike other congeners, P. nivea sp. nov. is characterized by the absence of eyespots. We provide a partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene as a DNA barcode for the new species. Phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated sequences of nuclear 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA showed that P. nivea sp. nov. was nested in the clade of Pericelis with high support; however, the relationship between P. nivea sp. nov. and other Pericelis species was unclear.
Thinking the Relationships Between Conspiracy Mentality and Belief in Conspiracy Theories
Authors: Nera Kenzo
Published: February 2024

Abstract: In this response, I synthetize and expand on key points of agreement and on nuances brought up by Imhoff, Pummerer, and Sutton and colleagues in this issue ( 2024 ). I also attempt to further clarify the concept of conspiracy mentality. Building on Imhoff and Bruder’s (2014) conceptualization of conspiracy mentality as a generalized political attitude, I propose to adopt the working assumption that conspiracy mentality consists in a worldview, that is, a set of descriptive beliefs and assumptions about how the world functions. Adopting this assumption clarifies the questions of the constituents (descriptive beliefs – whose content remains to be investigated) and associates (e.g., prescriptive beliefs, behaviors) of conspiracy mentality. It also clarifies the causal mechanisms through which conspiracy mentality may foster the endorsement of specific conspiracy beliefs (e.g., through motivated reasoning), and vice versa (e.g., through inductive reasoning). I propose five basic working assumptions to facilitate research on this topic.
Energetic Plasma Injections in Jovian Inner Magnetosphere: A Simulation Study
Authors: Wang Yuxian , Yang Jian , Guo Xiaocheng , Blanc Michel , Wang Chi
Published: February 2024

Outward transport of cold iogenic plasma and energetic charged particle injections are two essential aspects of mass, energy and magnetic flux circulation in the Jovian magnetosphere. However, it is unclear how these two processes interplay and how they evolve globally in the Jovian inner magnetosphere. We use the improved Rice Convection Model‐Jupiter to simulate the concurrent energetic injection and cold plasma convection in Jupiter's inner magnetosphere. The effects of plasma density, injection site location and energy of energetic particles on the plasma injection are parametrically investigated through a series of runs. The model successfully reproduces the energy‐time dispersion signature of energetic particles that may be observed by a spacecraft during an injection event. Simulation results show that the energetic injection is mainly driven by the electric field associated with the cold plasma outflow. Energetic particles are transported inward in the form of elongated fingers which appear interlaced with those of cold iogenic plasma. The injected particles are strongly modulated by the gradient/curvature drift, especially in inner regions close to the planet, and show a significant dispersion feature during the evolution. The radial velocity of the injection decreases from over 100 km/s at L = 20 RJ to less than 10 km/s at L = 10 RJ, while the related field‐aligned currents tend to increase during the inward injection. The energetic plasma density and the injection site location are found to have little effect on the plasma injection, provided that their effect on cold plasma convection is negligible.
Validating a UK Geomagnetically Induced Current Model Using Differential Magnetometer Measurements
Authors: Hübert J. , Beggan C. D. , Richardson G. S. , Gomez‐Perez N. , Collins A. , Thomson A. W. P.
Published: February 2024

Extreme space weather can damage ground‐based infrastructure such as power lines, railways and gas pipelines through geomagnetically induced currents (GICs). Modeling GICs requires knowledge about the source magnetic field and the electrical conductivity structure of the Earth to calculate ground electric fields during enhanced geomagnetic activity. The electric field, in combination with detailed information about the power grid topology, enable the modeling of GICs in high‐voltage (HV) power lines. Directly monitoring GICs in substations is possible with a Hall probe, but scarcely realized in the UK. Therefore we deployed the differential magnetometer method (DMM) to measure GICs at 12 sites in the UK power grid. The DMM includes the installation of two fluxgate magnetometers, one directly under a power line affected by GICs, and one as a remote site. The difference in recordings of the magnetic field at each instrument yields an estimate of the GICs in the respective power line segment via the Biot‐Savart law. We collected data across the UK in 2018–2022, monitoring HV line segments where previous research indicated high GIC risk. We recorded magnetometer data during several smaller storms that allow detailed analysis of our GIC model. For the ground electric field computations we used recent magnetotelluric (MT) measurements recorded close to the DMM sites. Our results show that there is strong agreement in both amplitude and signal shape between measured and modeled line and substation GICs when using our HV model and the realistic electric field estimates derived from MT data.
Structural Interactions Between Deep Mesozoic Strike‐Slip Faults and Shallow Cenozoic Contractional Folds in the Northern Tianshan Foreland Basin (NW China)
Authors: Peng Zhenyu , Wang Xin , Graveleau Fabien , Vendeville Bruno C. , Nunns Alan G.
Published: February 2024

In the rejuvenated mountain front, preexisting basement structures are often reactivated and interact with the subsequent thin‐skinned deformation. How the deep structures affect the shallower ones is key to establishing the processes and mechanisms for the foreland fold‐and‐thrust system. We presented an exceptional case study on the structural inheritance between the deep Mesozoic strike‐slip faults and the shallow Cenozoic contractional folds from the Northern Tianshan foreland basin, Northwest China, using high‐resolution 2‐D and 3‐D seismic data. Based on the interpretation of seismic data and progressive restoration, our study illustrated the NW‐trending Ai‐Ka strike‐slip faults controlled a dextral shear zone, which initiated the Gaoquan restraining bend in the basement during Jurassic. Later, these strike‐slip structures, close to the mountain front, were reactivated during the N‐S Mio‐Pliocene contraction, and folded the upper décollements that characterized the localization of thin‐skinned deformation. In contrast, in the further foreland, nonreactive strike‐slip faults controlled basal décollement pinch‐out, which localizes the thin‐skinned deformation, resulting in en échelon folds that trace the strike of the deep strike‐slip faults. The onset time of each anticline shows that the thin‐skinned deformation first extended laterally and then propagated further north, resulting in ca. 7 km shortening along the whole foreland. Moreover, the shortening rate decreased eastward from 0.90 to 1.46 mm/yr along the Gaoquan‐Kayindike structural line to 0.24–0.37 mm/yr along the Dunan structural line as the Sikeshu depression, constrained by the NW‐trending Ai‐Ka strike‐slip fault, narrowed eastward. This feature implies that the width of the depression may control the amount of displacement propagation.
Protein translation: biological processes and therapeutic strategies for human diseases
Authors: Jia Xuechao , He Xinyu , Huang Chuntian , Li Jian , Dong Zigang , Liu Kangdong
Published: February 2024

Protein translation is a tightly regulated cellular process that is essential for gene expression and protein synthesis. The deregulation of this process is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. In this review, we discuss how deregulated translation can lead to aberrant protein synthesis, altered cellular functions, and disease progression. We explore the key mechanisms contributing to the deregulation of protein translation, including functional alterations in translation factors, tRNA, mRNA, and ribosome function. Deregulated translation leads to abnormal protein expression, disrupted cellular signaling, and perturbed cellular functions- all of which contribute to disease pathogenesis. The development of ribosome profiling techniques along with mass spectrometry-based proteomics, mRNA sequencing and single-cell approaches have opened new avenues for detecting diseases related to translation errors. Importantly, we highlight recent advances in therapies targeting translation-related disorders and their potential applications in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, infectious diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the growing interest lies in targeted therapies aimed at restoring precise control over translation in diseased cells is discussed. In conclusion, this comprehensive review underscores the critical role of protein translation in disease and its potential as a therapeutic target. Advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of protein translation deregulation, coupled with the development of targeted therapies, offer promising avenues for improving disease outcomes in various human diseases. Additionally, it will unlock doors to the possibility of precision medicine by offering personalized therapies and a deeper understanding of the molecular underpinnings of diseases in the future.
Remuneration of donors for cell and gene therapies: an update on the principles and perspective of the World Marrow Donor Association
Authors: Hamad Lina , Ahmed Salmah Mahmood , van Eerden Eefke , van Walraven Suzanna M. ,   World Marrow Donor Association Cellular Therapy Committee, Machin Laura
Published: February 2024

The cell and gene therapy (CGT) sector has witnessed significant advancement over the past decade, the inception of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) being one of the most transformational. ATMPs treat serious medical conditions, in some cases providing curative therapy for seriously ill patients. There is interest in pivoting the ATMP development from autologous based treatments to allogenic, to offer faster and greater patient access that should ultimately reduce treatment costs. Consequently, starting material from allogenic donors is required, igniting ethical issues associated with financial gains and donor remuneration within CGT. The World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA) established the Cellular Therapy Committee to identify the role WMDA can play in safeguarding donors and patients in the CGT field. Here we review key ethical principles in relation to donating cellular material for the CGT field. We present the updated statement from WMDA on donor remuneration, which supports non-remuneration as the best way to ensure the safety and well-being of donors and patients alike. This is in line with the fundamental objective of the WMDA to maintain the health and safety of volunteer donors while ensuring high-quality stem cell products are available for all patients. We acknowledge that the CGT field is evolving at a rapid pace and there will be a need to review this position as new practices and applications come to pass.
Piezo1 expression in chondrocytes controls endochondral ossification and osteoarthritis development
Authors: Brylka Laura J. , Alimy Assil-Ramin , Tschaffon-Müller Miriam E. A. , Jiang Shan , Ballhause Tobias Malte , Baranowsky Anke , von Kroge Simon , Delsmann Julian , Pawlus Eva , Eghbalian Kian , Püschel Klaus , Schoppa Astrid , Haffner-Luntzer Melanie , Beech David J. , Beil Frank Timo , Amling Michael , Keller Johannes , Ignatius Anita , Yorgan Timur A. , Rolvien Tim , Schinke Thorsten
Published: February 2024

Piezo proteins are mechanically activated ion channels, which are required for mechanosensing functions in a variety of cell types. While we and others have previously demonstrated that the expression of Piezo1 in osteoblast lineage cells is essential for bone-anabolic processes, there was only suggestive evidence indicating a role of Piezo1 and/or Piezo2 in cartilage. Here we addressed the question if and how chondrocyte expression of the mechanosensitive proteins Piezo1 or Piezo2 controls physiological endochondral ossification and pathological osteoarthritis (OA) development. Mice with chondrocyte-specific inactivation of Piezo1 (Piezo1Col2a1Cre), but not of Piezo2, developed a near absence of trabecular bone below the chondrogenic growth plate postnatally. Moreover, all Piezo1Col2a1Cre animals displayed multiple fractures of rib bones at 7 days of age, which were located close to the growth plates. While skeletal growth was only mildly affected in these mice, OA pathologies were markedly less pronounced compared to littermate controls at 60 weeks of age. Likewise, when OA was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection, only the chondrocyte inactivation of Piezo1, not of Piezo2, resulted in attenuated articular cartilage degeneration. Importantly, osteophyte formation and maturation were also reduced in Piezo1Col2a1Cre mice. We further observed increased Piezo1 protein abundance in cartilaginous zones of human osteophytes. Finally, we identified Ptgs2 and Ccn2 as potentially relevant Piezo1 downstream genes in chondrocytes. Collectively, our data do not only demonstrate that Piezo1 is a critical regulator of physiological and pathological endochondral ossification processes, but also suggest that Piezo1 antagonists may be established as a novel approach to limit osteophyte formation in OA.
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a general dental practitioner-focused clinical review
Authors: Staines Konrad , Rogers Helen
Published: February 2024

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a distinct type of oral leukoplakia which has the potential to enlarge or develop into new areas of leukoplakia coupled with areas of a warty surface texture. PVL is usually diagnosed from the fifth decade onwards and is more common in female patients. The most frequent sites involved tend to be gingivae, followed by buccal mucosa and lateral border of tongue. It is one of the oral potentially malignant conditions with a high risk of malignant transformation. It is important for general dental practitioners (GDPs) to identify such lesions to facilitate referral for further investigation and diagnosis. Management is challenging with long-term monitoring and surgical excision when appropriate; however, PVL tends to recur following surgical excision. This article provides an up-to-date review tailored for GDPs on the present knowledge of PVL and illustrates the management challenges with clinical cases.
The management of pemphigus vulgaris and mucous membrane pemphigoid in a joint oral medicine and dermatology clinic: a five-year narrative review
Authors: Davis Gemma , Hathway Russell , Shipley Debbie , Staines Konrad
Published: February 2024

Pemphigus disease and mucous membrane pemphigoid are autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBDs) which may involve both oral and extra-oral tissues. The Bristol Joint Oral Medicine and Dermatology Combined Clinic was set up in 2014, with the primary aim of improving the standard of care for patients with AIBDs. This interdisciplinary approach aimed to address the medical management challenges due to the multisite nature of these AIBDs.

We present a narrative report of the clinical work undertaken within this clinic, focused on the management of this patient cohort within a five-year span (2017-2022). This report outlines the multisite nature of AIBDs and the range of topical and systemic treatments that were employed to achieve adequate disease control and optimise outcomes for patients. We reflect on the experiential benefits of this multidisciplinary clinic extended beyond immediate patient benefits to areas such as specialist training, both from a dermatologist's and oral physician's perspective.
Modulation of cAMP/cGMP signaling as prevention of congenital heart defects in Pde2A deficient embryos: a matter of oxidative stress
Authors: Cardarelli Silvia , Biglietto Martina , Orsini Tiziana , Fustaino Valentina , Monaco Lucia , de Oliveira do Rêgo Ana Gabriela , Liccardo Francesca , Masciarelli Silvia , Fazi Francesco , Naro Fabio , De Angelis Luciana , Pellegrini Manuela
Published: February 2024

Phosphodiesterase 2A (Pde2A) is a dual-specific PDE that breaks down both cAMP and cGMP cyclic nucleotides. We recently highlighted a direct relationship between Pde2A impairment, a consequent increase of cAMP, and the appearance of mouse congenital heart defects (CHDs). Here we aimed to characterize the pathways involved in the development of CHDs and in their prevention by pharmacological approaches targeting cAMP and cGMP signaling. Transcriptome analysis revealed a modulation of more than 500 genes affecting biological processes involved in the immune system, cardiomyocyte development and contractility, angiogenesis, transcription, and oxidative stress in hearts from Pde2A−/− embryos. Metoprolol and H89 pharmacological administration prevented heart dilatation and hypertabeculation in Pde2A−/− embryos. Metoprolol was also able to partially impede heart septum defect and oxidative stress at tissue and molecular levels. Amelioration of cardiac defects was also observed by using the antioxidant NAC, indicating oxidative stress as one of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the CHDs. In addition, Sildenafil treatment recovered cardiac defects suggesting the requirement of cAMP/cGMP nucleotides balance for the correct heart development.
Mechanistic exploration of polytetrafluoroethylene thermal plasma gasification through multiscale simulation coupled with experimental validation
Authors: Chu Chu , Ma Long Long , Alawi Hyder , Ma Wenchao , Zhu YiFei , Sun Junhao , Lu Yao , Xue Yixian , Chen Guanyi
Published: February 2024

The ever-growing quantities of persistent Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) wastes, along with consequential ecological and human health concerns, stimulate the need for alternative PTFE disposal method. The central research challenge lies in elucidating the decomposition mechanism of PTFE during high-temperature waste treatment. Here, we propose the PTFE microscopic thermal decomposition pathways by integrating plasma gasification experiments with multi-scale simulations strategies. Molecular dynamic simulations reveal a pyrolysis—oxidation & chain-shortening—deep defluorination (POCD) degradation pathway in an oxygen atmosphere, and an F abstraction—hydrolysis—deep defluorination (FHD) pathway in a steam atmosphere. Density functional theory computations demonstrate the vital roles of 1O2 and ·H radicals in the scission of PTFE carbon skeleton, validating the proposed pathways. Experimental results confirm the simulation results and show that up to 80.12% of gaseous fluorine can be recovered through plasma gasification within 5 min, under the optimized operating conditions determined through response surface methodology.
Predator selection on phenotypic variability of cryptic and aposematic moths
Authors: Nokelainen Ossi , Silvasti Sanni A. , Strauss Sharon Y. , Wahlberg Niklas , Mappes Johanna
Published: February 2024

Natural selection generally favours phenotypic variability in camouflaged organisms, whereas aposematic organisms are expected to evolve a more uniform warning coloration. However, no comprehensive analysis of the phenotypic consequences of predator selection in aposematic and cryptic species exists. Using state-of-the-art image analysis, we examine 2800 wing images of 82 moth species accessed via three online museum databases. We test whether anti-predator strategy (i.e., camouflage or aposematism) explains intraspecific variation in wing colour and pattern across northern hemisphere moths. In addition, we test two mutually non-exclusive, ecological hypotheses to explain variation in colour pattern: diel-activity or dietary-niche. In this work, taking into account phylogenetic relationships, moth phenotypic variability is best explained by anti-predator strategy with camouflaged moths being more variable in wing patterning than aposematic species.
Randomized controlled trial of molnupiravir SARS-CoV-2 viral and antibody response in at-risk adult outpatients
Authors: Standing Joseph F. , Buggiotti Laura , Guerra-Assuncao Jose Afonso , Woodall Maximillian , Ellis Samuel , Agyeman Akosua A. , Miller Charles , Okechukwu Mercy , Kirkpatrick Emily , Jacobs Amy I. , Williams Charlotte A. , Roy Sunando , Martin-Bernal Luz M. , Williams Rachel , Smith Claire M. , Sanderson Theo , Ashford Fiona B. , Emmanuel Beena , Afzal Zaheer M. , Shields Adrian , Richter Alex G. , Dorward Jienchi , Gbinigie Oghenekome , Van Hecke Oliver , Lown Mark , Francis Nick , Jani Bhautesh , Richards Duncan B. , Rahman Najib M. , Yu Ly-Mee , Thomas Nicholas P. B. , Hart Nigel D. , Evans Philip , Andersson Monique , Hayward Gail , Hood Kerenza , Nguyen-Van-Tam Jonathan S. , Little Paul , Hobbs F. D. Richard , Khoo Saye , Butler Christopher , Lowe David M. , Breuer Judith ,   PANORAMIC Virology Group, Allen Julie , Bayzid Nadua , Brown Julianne , Burns Doug , Hadley Elizabeth , Hatcher Jim , McHugh Tim , Thalasselis Chris , Tomlinson Mia , Yongblah Francis
Published: February 2024

Viral clearance, antibody response and the mutagenic effect of molnupiravir has not been elucidated in at-risk populations. Non-hospitalised participants within 5 days of SARS-CoV-2 symptoms randomised to receive molnupiravir (n = 253) or Usual Care (n = 324) were recruited to study viral and antibody dynamics and the effect of molnupiravir on viral whole genome sequence from 1437 viral genomes. Molnupiravir accelerates viral load decline, but virus is detectable by Day 5 in most cases. At Day 14 (9 days post-treatment), molnupiravir is associated with significantly higher viral persistence and significantly lower anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody titres compared to Usual Care. Serial sequencing reveals increased mutagenesis with molnupiravir treatment. Persistence of detectable viral RNA at Day 14 in the molnupiravir group is associated with higher transition mutations following treatment cessation. Viral viability at Day 14 is similar in both groups with post-molnupiravir treated samples cultured up to 9 days post cessation of treatment. The current 5-day molnupiravir course is too short. Longer courses should be tested to reduce the risk of potentially transmissible molnupiravir-mutated variants being generated. Trial registration: ISRCTN30448031
Repeated blood–brain barrier opening with a nine-emitter implantable ultrasound device in combination with carboplatin in recurrent glioblastoma: a phase I/II clinical trial
Authors: Carpentier Alexandre , Stupp Roger , Sonabend Adam M. , Dufour Henry , Chinot Olivier , Mathon Bertrand , Ducray François , Guyotat Jacques , Baize Nathalie , Menei Philippe , de Groot John , Weinberg Jeffrey S. , Liu Benjamin P. , Guemas Eric , Desseaux Carole , Schmitt Charlotte , Bouchoux Guillaume , Canney Michael , Idbaih Ahmed
Published: February 2024

Here, the results of a phase 1/2 single-arm trial (NCT03744026) assessing the safety and efficacy of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption with an implantable ultrasound system in recurrent glioblastoma patients receiving carboplatin are reported. A nine-emitter ultrasound implant was placed at the end of tumor resection replacing the bone flap. After surgery, activation to disrupt the BBB was performed every four weeks either before or after carboplatin infusion. The primary objective of the Phase 1 was to evaluate the safety of escalating numbers of ultrasound emitters using a standard 3 + 3 dose escalation. The primary objective of the Phase 2 was to evaluate the efficacy of BBB opening using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The secondary objectives included safety and clinical efficacy. Thirty-three patients received a total of 90 monthly sonications with carboplatin administration and up to nine emitters activated without observed DLT. Grade 3 procedure-related adverse events consisted of pre syncope (n = 3), fatigue (n = 1), wound infection (n = 2), and pain at time of device connection (n = 7). BBB opening endpoint was met with 90% of emitters showing BBB disruption on MRI after sonication. In the 12 patients who received carboplatin just prior to sonication, the progression-free survival was 3.1 months, the 1-year overall survival rate was 58% and median overall survival was 14.0 months from surgery.
Real-time two-axis control of a spin qubit
Authors: Berritta Fabrizio , Rasmussen Torbjørn , Krzywda Jan A. , van der Heijden Joost , Fedele Federico , Fallahi Saeed , Gardner Geoffrey C. , Manfra Michael J. , van Nieuwenburg Evert , Danon Jeroen , Chatterjee Anasua , Kuemmeth Ferdinand
Published: February 2024

Optimal control of qubits requires the ability to adapt continuously to their ever-changing environment. We demonstrate a real-time control protocol for a two-electron singlet-triplet qubit with two fluctuating Hamiltonian parameters. Our approach leverages single-shot readout classification and dynamic waveform generation, allowing full Hamiltonian estimation to dynamically stabilize and optimize the qubit performance. Powered by a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), the quantum control electronics estimates the Overhauser field gradient between the two electrons in real time, enabling controlled Overhauser-driven spin rotations and thus bypassing the need for micromagnets or nuclear polarization protocols. It also estimates the exchange interaction between the two electrons and adjusts their detuning, resulting in extended coherence of Hadamard rotations when correcting for fluctuations of both qubit axes. Our study highlights the role of feedback in enhancing the performance and stability of quantum devices affected by quasistatic noise.