bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Inheritance and Complementarity
Authors: Perea Jessica Bissett
Published: November 2021

This chapter highlights the poetics and politics of Indigenous People’s dense inheritances around the turn of the twenty-first century and how these genealogies can be translated as complementary through sound. It focuses on the musical output of the Anchorage-based “tribal funk” band Pamyua, and how their distinctive sounds engage lived intersections between Blackness and Indigeneity. The author outlines how their business acumen challenges racialized gatekeeping mechanisms of the music industrial complex endemic to “blood quantum” and “one-drop” ideologies, a colonial pairing of what one might call “sound quantum” with earlier discussions of “audible Indigeneity.” The author offers an analysis and musicographic model that seeks to better represent the priorities and processes of Pamyua’s relational and radical soundwork, through which multiple densities are navigated and transformed. Pamyua’s work expands the ways in which we hear Yupiit masks and drumsongs as always already modern, both in Yukological and Eurological understandings of the phrase.
Conclusion
Authors: Perea Jessica Bissett
Published: November 2021

The conclusion is general and theoretical in scope and outlines the book’s primary methodological contribution, which is that an Indigenous-led and Indigeneity-centered ways of doing music history refuses dehumanizing and objectifying research on or about Indigenous Peoples by demanding that researchers reorient themselves toward more equitable and resurgent world-making projects with, by, and for Indigenous Peoples. First, research with Indigenous Peoples must engage dense constellations of relationalities in ways that keep us receptive and responsible to our human and more-than-human kin. Second, research by Indigenous Peoples circulates radical methods and ways of knowing that are deeply rooted in and routed through networks of places and spaces. And thirdly, research for Indigenous Peoples centers Indigelogics or analytics for ways of doing that advance more equitable and resurgent world-making projects. To do music studies with, by, and for Indigenous Peoples requires performative juxtapositions—a bringing together and keeping apart—of the priorities and processes of two broad research areas—music and sound studies and Native American and Indigenous studies. Asking Indigeneity questions of the former reveals a significant number of densification projects required to unsettle dominant modes of Eurocentric and Eurological knowledge production in academic research. And listening to and for more acoustically tuned structures in the latter help advance new systems and metrics beyond those offered by heteropatriarchal and white supremacist colonial nation-states.
Millennials Talking Media
Authors: Sierra Sylvia
Published: November 2021

This book examines how a group of US Millennial friends in their late twenties embed both old media (books, songs, films, TV shows) and new media (YouTube videos, video games, and internet memes) in their everyday talk for particular interactional purposes. Multiple case studies are presented featuring the recorded talk of Millennial friends to demonstrate how and why these speakers make media references in their conversations. These recorded conversations are supplemented with participant playback interviews, along with ethnographic field notes. The analysis demonstrates how the speakers phonetically signal media references in the speech stream, how they demonstrate appreciation of the references in their listening behaviors, and how they ultimately use media references for epistemic, framing, and identity construction purposes, often (but not always) when faced with epistemic, or knowledge, imbalances as well as interactional dilemmas, or awkward moments in interaction. The analysis shows how such references contribute to epistemic management and frame shifts in conversation, which is ultimately conducive to different forms of Millennial identity construction. Additionally, this book explores the stereotypes embedded in the media that these Millennials quote, and examines the effects of reproducing those stereotypes in everyday social life. This fascinating book explores how the boundaries between screens, online and offline life, language, and identity are porous for Millennials, and weaves together the most current linguistic theories regarding knowledge, framing, and identity work in everyday interaction, illuminating the interplay between these processes.
“We Are All North Here”
Authors: Little Peter C.
Published: November 2021

This chapter explores e-waste burning work through the lens of labor migration, city–hinterland connections, and chieftaincy relations and politics. In particular, the chapter focuses on the story of one worker’s lived experience as a migrant e-waste laborer, husband, father, drummer, and member of a dominant regional chiefdom in northern Ghana. The chapter highlights how this worker and other e-waste workers navigate urban labor and marginalization in Accra, while at the same time sustaining social ties in northern Ghana where Dagomba chiefdoms hold local and regional political power. The chapter shows how narratives of migration and rural–urban livelihood can expose the integral role of social mobility and movement in e-waste ethnography in Ghana more generally.
Performance, Ethics, and Poetics of Violence
Authors: Meere Michael
Published: November 2021

This chapter demarcates the scope and parameters of the book, first by defining the term “violence,” and then by outlining the three pillars that support the chapters that follow: performance, ethics, and poetics. This discussion is not meant to be exhaustive but rather a foundation painted with broad strokes to allow for the subsequent chapters to go into more detail with respect to the particulars of the plays being studied. The section on performance lays out the book’s theoretical approach and provides some historical conditions of performance, as most of the tragedies studied in the book were performed around their date of publication. The chapter then delineates the connections between ethics and tragedy before revisiting the poetics of sixteenth-century French tragedy and the use of onstage violence as a dramaturgical device.
Concluding Remarks
Authors: Meere Michael
Published: November 2021

The goal of this book has been to untangle and trace the threads of the ethics and poetics of violence in sixteenth-century French tragedy through the lens of performance. In so doing, this book has shown that the “emergence” of onstage violence and the “abandonment” of the ...
Limits, Sequences, and Sums
Authors: Davidson James
Published: November 2021

This chapter first introduces the concepts of real sequences, Cauchy sequences, limits, and cluster points. The chapter then discusses functions of a real variable, continuity concepts, convergence concepts for sequences of functions, summability and order of magnitude relations, inequalities for sums, regular variation, and limit concepts for arrays.
Topology
Authors: Davidson James
Published: November 2021

This chapter discusses topological spaces and associated concepts, including first‐ and second‐countability, compactness, and separation properties. Weak topologies are defined. Product spaces, the product topology, and the Tychonoff theorem are treated and also ideas of embedding, compactification, and metrization.
Mixing
Authors: Davidson James
Published: November 2021

The concepts of strong and uniform mixing are developed in the context of sequences of random variables. A set of important inequalities limiting the dependence of mixing sequences is proved. The case of linear processes is examined in depth including some well‐known counterexamples. Sufficient conditions are derived for strong and uniform mixing of linear processes.
Weak Convergence of Distributions
Authors: Davidson James
Published: November 2021

This chapter introduces the fundamentals of weak convergence for real sequences. Definitions and examples are given. The Skorokhod representation theorem is proved and the chapter then considers the preservation of weak convergence under transformations. Next, the role of moments and characteristic functions is considered. In the leading case of random sums, the criteria for weak convergence and the concept of a stable distribution are studied.
Imperfect Duties to Oneself
Authors: Hill, Jr. Thomas E.
Published: November 2021

This essay comments on a particular text in Kant’s Doctrine of Virtue that concerns imperfect duties to oneself regarding one’s natural and moral perfection. After reviewing Kant on ethical duties, duties to oneself, and imperfect duties, the essay asks regarding both duties: what is required, and why? Special questions include: What does Kant mean by the qualification “for a pragmatic purpose” and why is it a duty to oneself “to make oneself a useful member of the world”? Also, why the duty to increase one’s moral perfection is “imperfect” even though it does not allow the same kinds of latitude as the imperfect duties of beneficence and cultivation of one’s natural powers.
In Defense of Human Dignity
Authors: Hill, Jr. Thomas E.
Published: November 2021

Michael Rosen raises apparent problems for Kant’s idea of human dignity. This essay comments briefly on the following: (1) The alleged neglect of dignity among contemporary philosophers. (2) The indeterminacy of the idea of dignity and consequently its liability to abuse. (3) The apparently disconnected strands of thought commonly associated with dignity. (4) The alleged inadequacy of Kant’s conception of human dignity for practical applications (e.g., vagueness and absolutism). The most important objection, however, concerns Kant’s basis for affirming the dignity of every human person. That is, (5) Kant’s alleged attempt to ground human dignity on the premise that there is in each person an awesome ‘transcendental kernel’ of a noumenal we-know-not-what. In response, this chapter cites contemporary philosophers who write on dignity, argues that Kant’s ethics may help to resolve the indeterminacy and unify the apparently disconnected strands, and challenges Rosen’s interpretation of Kant’s defense of human dignity.
Introduction
Authors: Pike David L.
Published: November 2021

The bunker as both military reality and social fantasy is the only space expressly designed to enable survival of nuclear war that very likely would be nonsurvivable. Grounded in ancient associations of enclosed and underground spaces with safety and shelter, bunkering has also deep roots in the social practice of war. The term “bunker fantasy” encompasses the nuclear imaginary and the spaces associated with it in a world in which nuclear weapons and nuclear power exist, and the ways in which the nuclear condition colors new conceptions of the pre-1945 past, of the lived present, and of the imagined future. The end of the Cold War has made available alternate ways of understanding the meaning of those years and that threat. The Bunkered Decades brings textual and material forms of the Cold War back into dialog through the materiality and alternate temporality within the space that most resists apprehension by both the textual and the material: the concrete bunker. In their promise to guarantee survival beyond the apocalypse, bunkers function as an enclave of space outside of conventional temporality and as a spatial form to assess the balance sheet of nuclearity. It affords not simply the promise of survival, but the insistence that something always remains of the present in whatever strange alternate world one may find oneself in. The end of the Cold War has allowed the bunker fantasy to be understood in its fullness as fantasy that continues to impact the twenty-first century in myriad ways.
Back to the Cave
Authors: Pike David L.
Published: November 2021

While the individual fallout shelter provided a new space for imagining the family unit in the context of broader social forces, the cave shelter stressed the animal nature of modern man. Whether fighting for survival in a savage postnuclear world, evolving into a new species, or devolving into animal behavior, the inhabitants of cave shelters display a feral identity. The cave has long carried this resonance regardless of whether composed of natural formations, human or machine-excavated tunnels and mines, or some combination of the two. As a postwar bunker space, the cave’s particular affordances are non-technologized shelter, an exposed passage to the outside world, and the animal survival of the dominant individual. Sometimes, we find a reduced and childless family unit, generally the male and his mate or mates; at others a lone wolf hidden from and pitted against a hostile world. In the cave, any remaining social structure is troped as animalistic or otherwise non-human and often a threat to the surviving individuals. The cave-space presumes not the home shelter’s projection of a strong and paternalistic government but the Hobbesian specter of the loss of any kind of humane community, homo homini lupus, the bunkered mentality that would eventually emerge in the 1980s as survivalism.
The Private Supershelter
Authors: Pike David L.
Published: November 2021

The private supershelter as a space proposes an artificial environment sufficiently palatial, high-tech, and heavily fortified to render permanent underground living worthwhile despite the constraints and hardship entailed by the separation from nature. The supershelter permutation of the bunker fantasy mostly appears in satirical and critical form rather than as an affirmative space. We find this fantasy of an alternate space of power explored more realistically in Philip Wylie’s ironic 1963 novel Triumph, and in full-fledged fantasy mode in the myriad underground high-tech strongholds of Silver Age comic heroes and of a few villains who choose pure modernity over cave-bound strongholds masking villainous technology. In its capacious size and design, the supershelter affords a utopian promise of survival on favorable terms. Necessary in the American context to insulate the owners from any charge of communism, the private origins of the shelter equally militate against any equitable terms of survival. Unlike the cave shelterer, the master of the supershelter is civilized and technologically advanced; however, he (nearly always) also remains inevitably an isolated elitist, apart from the dying world around him.
Nuclear Realism
Authors: Pike David L.
Published: November 2021

The forms collected here as “nuclear realism” seek ways to imagine what everyday life in the ontological bunker of the ’80s created by the nuclear age would look like if stripped of the ideological obfuscations of the nuclear imaginary of the Cold War. This chapter explores the tensions of survival in near-future speculations about life during wartime imagined through realist, often oppositional modes of writing and filmmaking. There are three sections: the first examines the melancholy and liberatory workings of memory in dramas of nuclear war created in the realist mode; the second studies the related forms of nuclear satire; the third looks at pop music’s reaction to the nuclear condition. In all forms of nuclear realism in the ’80s, the shelter and accompanying bunker fantasy play small but emblematic and always ultimately futile roles within the broader social world they both partake of and split apart. Despite their adherence to reality effects and avoidance of overt fabrication, the anti-bunker fantasies of nuclear realism are as “fantastic” and stylized in their own way as the survivalist scenarios discussed in Chapter 7. Each form affords to the present different arguments about the basis of society: fellowship and community or neo-barbarian Hobbesianism. Even the most defeatist form of the bunker fantasy uses doomsday to argue political philosophy: when the bombs drop, we’ll finally discover once and for all who was right about human nature and American democracy.
The Ascetic Apostle
Authors: Cain Andrew
Published: November 2021

Jerome viewed his commentaries as a formal scholarly enterprise, a teaching tool for their ostensible addressees (and other readers down the line), and also a vehicle for propagating his idiosyncratic ascetic ideals. This chapter begins by situating the commentaries as a textualized extension of his face-to-face instruction of his circle of spiritual advisees, which included Paula and Eustochium as well as Marcella (an honorary dedicatee of the commentaries) and other discipulae he had left behind in Rome. From there we look closely at the often subtle ways in which he interprets Paul through an asceticizing lens to center his own ideological priorities, from his emphasis on sexual purity to his notion of a monastic clergy.
In Origen’s Footsteps
Authors: Cain Andrew
Published: November 2021

In his first Galatians preface Jerome casts himself in an Origenian mold in order to establish himself as the pre-eminent expert on Paul in the Latin-speaking world. Both in this preface and in the first Ephesians one he says that he “followed” Origen’s commentaries. But, beyond simply aligning himself rhetorically with Origen in these prefaces, to what extent does he in fact “follow” Origen in his commentaries? This chapter attempts to answer this crucial question by presenting a source-critical comparison of the fragments of Origen’s Pauline commentaries and their counterparts in Jerome’s. From there it explores some important implications, for his own self-constructed authority as an interpreter of Paul, of Jerome’s nuanced handling of his Greek exegetical sources.
Between East and West
Authors: Cain Andrew
Published: November 2021

This chapter interrogates the Latin sources of Jerome’s Pauline commentaries, an important but often neglected component of their literary pedigree. It begins by taking stock of how he handles classical literary references and it finds that he draws from an eclectic spread of texts. In the remaining bulk of the chapter his numerous unattributed borrowings—virtually all of which have gone undetected by modern scholars—from the writings of Tertullian, Cyprian, and Lactantius are adduced and discussed. As a result of these source-critical investigations, Jerome’s four Pauline commentaries emerge as an even more colorful literary patchwork than they traditionally have been given credit for being.
The Epistemic Commitments of Nondiscrimination
Authors: Hellman Deborah
Published: November 2021

A commitment to nondiscrimination at times appears to require both that one not act in particular ways and that one not believe certain things. This is potentially troubling if one ought to believe what one has warrant to believe, and to the extent that one can take actions that affect what one comes to believe, one ought to do so with the aim of acquiring true beliefs. This article argues that current social controversies—like the debate over the memo by the Google employee which claimed that women are less suited for careers in technology fields—demonstrate that some defenders of norms of nondiscrimination understand these norms as including epistemic commitments. The article articulates what these epistemic commitments are, explores whether they can themselves be epistemically justified and, if not, situates the popular controversy in a philosophical debate about whether moral considerations properly encroach on epistemic norms.
Introduction
Authors: Bell Bill
Published: November 2021

Beginning with the moment in Robinson Crusoe when the castaway rescues a cache of books before the ship goes down, this introduction situates the history of nineteenth-century reading in the intimate connection that is made between itinerant readers and their books. Crusoe is the culmination of a historic tradition and does much to define later perceptions of the place of reading and the formation of later assumptions about the ability of books to provide consolation for readers under strange skies. This introduction goes on to account for scholarly assumptions about the place of texts in the British empire and some of the fundamental approaches to the history of reading that have occupied scholars over recent decades.
Bound for Antarctica
Authors: Bell Bill
Published: November 2021

The British National Antarctic Expedition left England in 1901 to spend the following three years in Antarctica. Under the leadership of Robert Falcon Scott the officers and crew on board Discovery were provided with an extensive library for research and recreation during their long sojourn in the south. From the men’s diaries, official reports, and correspondence, it has been possible to account for the diversity and intensity of reading experiences throughout this period. Contrary to the confident official reports that came out about the expedition, the men’s relationships with print suggest a far more complex and contending situation.
Peasant Perceptions of Landscape
Authors: Mileson Stephen , Brookes Stuart
Published: November 2021

This is the first book about peasant perceptions of landscape. It marks a step-change in the discipline of landscape history, as well as making a major contribution to the history of everyday life. Until now, there has been no sustained analysis of how ordinary medieval and early modern people experienced and perceived their material environment and constructed their identities in relation to the places where they lived. This book provides exactly such an analysis by examining peasant perceptions in one geographical area over the long period from AD 500 to 1650. It takes as its focus Ewelme hundred, a well-documented and archaeologically rich area of lowland vale and hilly Chiltern wood-pasture comprising fourteen ancient parishes. The analysis draws on a range of sources including legal depositions and thousands of field-names and bynames preserved in largely unpublished deeds and manorial documents. Archaeology makes a major contribution, particularly for understanding the period before 900, but more generally in reconstructing the fabric of villages and the framework for inhabitants’ spatial practices and experiences. In its focus on the way inhabitants interacted with the landscape in which they worked, prayed, and socialized, the book supplies a new history of the lives and attitudes of the bulk of the rural population who so seldom make their mark in traditional landscape analysis or documentary history.
Geography and Sources
Authors: Mileson Stephen , Brookes Stuart
Published: November 2021

The second chapter describes the physical character of the study area in detail as a framework for understanding the analysis supplied in the chapters to follow. It also sets out the main sources drawn upon in the book, notably the physical remains of archaeology and the fabric of the historic landscape itself, as well as documentary sources such as Anglo-Saxon charter bounds, manorial records, deeds, legal records, and maps, which yield data about the use of space and about inhabitants’ perceptions, the latter particularly revealed by the field names and bynames coined by local people themselves, and by legal depositions dealing with contested ownerships and customary practices. Key archaeological sources include village earthworks, excavated and standing buildings, and botanical and zooarchaeological remains. Archaeological fieldwork carried out as part of the project is described, including fieldwalking, test pit and trial trench excavation, extensive buildings survey, and measuring the soundmarks of church bells.
The Late Anglo-Saxon Period, 800–1100
Authors: Mileson Stephen , Brookes Stuart
Published: November 2021

This chapter, covering the late Anglo-Saxon and Norman Conquest period, outlines the major changes in land use which accompanied the creation of small local manors and the establishment of collaborative open-field farming. Those changes reflected the shift in relations from ones predominantly organized around social networks to ones of property ownership. Domesday Book supplies a crucial piece of evidence, in light of which fragmentary earlier evidence for the structure of the royal estate of Benson can be better understood. The strong implications of the period’s developments for inhabitants’ perceptions are examined, including through the boundary clauses accompanying royal land charters and the evidence for more structured settlements and systems of administration, including the hundred and its moot.
Phenomenal Explanationism’s Global Ambitions
Authors: McCain Kevin , Moretti Luca
Published: November 2021

This chapter further elucidates PE by explaining how it applies to multiple domains. Though the preceding chapter already touches upon some of these, here it is cashed out how PE can account for perceptual justification, memorial justification, testimonial justification, introspective justification, and a priori justification. Exploring the contours of PE in this way reveals just how powerful and unified the theory is. Along the way, it is argued that Declan Smithies’ forceful objections to PC fail to impugn PE. Additionally, it is shown that PE has the resources to respond to each of the challenges that Smithies claims are faced by any internalist theory with “global ambitions”––any theory that purports to be a comprehensive account of epistemic justification. (These challenges for instance include the problem of forgotten evidence and the problem of stored beliefs.) The discussion in this chapter makes it clear that PE is a comprehensive account of epistemic justification that achieves its global ambitions.
The Political Economy of the Profitability Crisis in Britain
Authors: Copley Jack
Published: November 2021

This chapter provides a historical overview of the profitability crisis that undermined the postwar economic boom, gave rise to the phenomenon of stagflation, and ultimately drove the financial liberalizations explored in this book. This chapter puts forward a novel historical categorization of British stagflation, by identifying two distinct phases within Britain’s experience of the global profitability crisis. The first, from 1967 to 1977, was characterized by low rates of profit, rising inflation, and repeated current account imbalances that resulted in currency crises. The second, from 1977 to 1983, still saw low profitability and high inflation, but the rising price of sterling ensured that there were no sterling crises. The chapter then details how governments combined governing strategies of depoliticized discipline and palliation in different ways during these two periods of acute crisis in order to navigate the contradictory imperatives of global competitiveness and domestic legitimacy. Policies of financial liberalization constituted attempts to support these strategies.
Abolition of Exchange Controls
Authors: Copley Jack
Published: November 2021

This chapter explores the abolition of exchange controls, which transformed the British economy by ushering in a new era of mobile capital flows. Following the IMF’s 1976 bailout of the UK and the advent of North Sea oil, sterling began to appreciate precipitously. While this helped to discipline the British economy and reduce inflation, it also pushed British exporters to the brink of collapse. Governments during this period thus faced a choice between embracing the strong pound to tackle inflation and combating the pound’s rise in order to maintain political legitimacy. The governments of both Callaghan and Thatcher sought to navigate carefully between these two options. By getting rid of exchange controls, these governments hoped that investment would flow out of Britain, causing a moderate fall in the price of sterling. This would make Britain’s exports more competitive without generating a spike in inflation that would likely result from an overt sterling devaluation. The Callaghan administration was held back from totally abolishing controls by a resistant trade union movement. Thatcher, however, was able to fully scrap these controls due to the historic defeat of the trade unions in the 1979 Winter of Discontent. In addition, Thatcher sought to reassure global financial markets that this policy was not an attempt to lower sterling’s value, but was rather driven by a genuine faith in laissez-faire principles. The abolition of exchange controls should thus be understood as a palliative strategy to protect governing legitimacy by providing temporary relief to Britain’s export sector.
Data Preprocessing
Authors: El-Nasr Magy Seif , Dinh Truong Huy Nguyen , Canossa Alessandro , Drachen Anders
Published: November 2021

This chapter focuses on the process of cleaning data and preparing it for further processing. Specifically, the chapter discusses various techniques that you will use, including preprocessing, outlier identification, data consistency, and the normalization or standardization process, used to normalize your data. The chapter further discusses different measurement types and what methods can be used for which types. The chapter also discusses ways to deal with issues you may encounter with inconsistent or dirty data. The chapter takes a more practical approach by integrating several labs with actual game data to demonstrate how you can perform these steps on real game data.
Data Abstraction
Authors: El-Nasr Magy Seif , Dinh Truong Huy Nguyen , Canossa Alessandro , Drachen Anders
Published: November 2021

This chapter introduces the techniques used to abstract the data from low-level data to features that can be used to visualize and develop models to inform the different stakeholders. These techniques range from (a) knowledge engineering, where expert knowledge is used to develop formulae to compute various measures from low-level data; (b) feature selection, where specific important variables are selected from the list of low-level data variables as they may be deemed more important than other; and (c) feature extraction, where features are computed statistically through combining various measures from low-level data. The chapter also includes labs where, using real game data, you get to apply the discussed techniques.
Data Analysis through Visualization
Authors: El-Nasr Magy Seif , Dinh Truong Huy Nguyen , Canossa Alessandro , Drachen Anders
Published: November 2021

This chapter discusses the topic of how one can use visualization techniques to analyze game data. Specifically, the chapter delves into the development of heatmaps to analyze spatio-temporal data. The chapter also discusses spatio-temporal visualizations and state-action transition visualizations. We also discuss two visualization systems that we have developed within the GUII lab: Stratmapper and Glyph. We provide you with a link that allows you to explore the use of these visualizations with real game data. This chapter is written in collaboration with Riddhi Padte and Varun Sriram, based on their work in Dr. Seif El-Nasr’s game data science class at Northeastern University; Erica Kleinman, PhD student at University of California at Santa Cruz; and Andy Bryant, software engineer at GUII Lab. The chapter also includes labs where you get to experience the analysis of game data through visualization.
Supervised Learning in Game Data Science: Model Validation and Evaluation
Authors: El-Nasr Magy Seif , Dinh Truong Huy Nguyen , Canossa Alessandro , Drachen Anders
Published: November 2021

This chapter focuses on two specific steps in the machine learning process, called model validation and model evaluation. Specifically, model validation is the step used to tune the hyperparameters of the model. Here, we often integrate a cross-validation process, which we discuss in detail in this chapter. Model evaluation, on the other hand, is the process of testing the performance of the model using unseen data, the test dataset. These processes are used to ensure that the model we developed through the algorithms discussed in Chapter 6 are reliable, given our data. The chapter will include labs to give you a practical introduction to these steps, given the modeling techniques discussed in the last chapter.
Sequence Analysis of Game Data
Authors: El-Nasr Magy Seif , Dinh Truong Huy Nguyen , Canossa Alessandro , Drachen Anders
Published: November 2021

This chapter is devoted to sequence game data analysis. It will first define what sequence data is and how it is represented, and then delve more deeply into how to develop models from such data. Sequence analysis has a lot of utility and is important as it conserves the sequence of player actions and can shed light on how players solved different problems within the different game levels. Further, sequence analysis can also be a great way to develop a more robust and accurate player model. The chapter will discuss such advantages in light of showcasing the use of sequential analysis for DOTA 2. Further, the chapter will also be a practical guide on how to develop models from sequence data using practical step-by-step labs. Please note that this chapter was written with Erica Kleinman (a PhD student at University of California at Santa Cruz).
Conclusion
Authors: McLeod Alexus
Published: November 2021

The conclusion considers some of the implications of early Chinese views of mental illness and self-cultivation for contemporary thought concerning mental illness. I argue that some of the views of early Chinese thinkers can be adapted using contemporary conceptions of mental illness, and that difficulties for certain kinds of character, virtue, and role ethics that arise surrounding issues of mental illness might be solved by adapting these views to contemporary contexts.
Bringing It All Together
Authors: Nadal Marcos , Cela-Conde Camilo J.
Published: November 2021

The main goal of the article “The Neural Foundations of Aesthetic Appreciation” was to bring together the available evidence on the neural underpinnings of aesthetics from neuroimaging and neurology and offer an integral interpretative model. The authors relate how they wanted to explain how aesthetic appreciation was related to brain activity and why some studies had found that activity in some regions and other studies had found it in other regions. The authors proposed that there might be at least two stages of appreciation. The first stage is the formation of an initial impression. It involves perceptual processes interacting with attentional control signals and is mediated by a fronto-parieto-occipital network. The second stage is a deeper evaluation of the image and involves affective processes, searching for meaning, recalling personal experiences, and activating knowledge stored in memory.
Naturalizing Aesthetics
Authors: Brown Steven
Published: November 2021

Aesthetic processing is about what we like and dislike. It applies to all types of perceived objects, not just art works. There should be a general brain network that deals with aesthetic appraisals of like and dislike regardless of the appraised object. In order to investigate this, the authors carried out a large-scale meta-analysis of published neuroimaging studies of aesthetic processing for objects that are perceived using four different sensory pathways: vision, audition, taste, and smell. A part of the brain called the anterior insula appeared as the most concordant area of activation across the four sensory pathways. From an evolutionary standpoint, it most likely that the appreciation of human artifacts like art works piggybacked onto an existing system for the appraisal of objects of biological importance, such as food sources and potential mates.
Scene Preferences, Aesthetic Appeal, and Curiosity
Authors: Vessel Edward A. , Yue Xiaomin , Biederman Irving
Published: November 2021

A gradient of µ-opioid receptors extends from early sensory areas of the cerebral cortex to associative cortex, with the greatest density of receptors in the most anterior associative regions. In 2006, Biederman and Vessel proposed that the hedonic value of perceptual and cognitive experience is a function of activation of this gradient. A desire for opioid activity provided by this gradient renders us infovores, always seeking novel but richly interpretable experiences. Richly interpretable experiences engage the opioid-dense anterior regions of the gradient, while novel experiences engage neural ensembles that have yet to undergo adaptation. Support for this proposal derives from the greater activity elicited in opioid-rich parahippocampal cortex for preferred over nonpreferred scenes, with neural network modeling of visual aesthetic responses suggesting that representations in later stages are more predictive of aesthetic responses, and psychopharmacological experiments that support the potential involvement of endogenous opioids.
The Contribution of Visual Area V5 to the Perception of Implied Motion in Art and Its Appreciation
Authors: Nadal Marcos , Cattaneo Zaira
Published: November 2021

Does V5, a brain region involved in the perception of movement, contribute to the aesthetic appreciation of artworks that depict movement? In the study under discussion, the authors asked participants to view abstract and representational artworks depicting motion. While they judged the sense of motion conveyed by the artworks and how much they liked them, the authors delivered transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over V5. They found that TMS over V5 reduced the sense of motion participants perceived and reduced how much participants liked the abstract paintings. These results show, first, that V5 is involved in extracting implied motion information even when the object whose motion is implied is not real. Second, they show that V5 is involved in extracting implied motion information even in the absence of any object, as in the abstract paintings. Finally, they show that activity in V5 plays a causal role in the appreciation of abstract art.
Music in All Its Beauty
Authors: Brattico Elvira , Alluri Vinoo
Published: November 2021

This chapter provides a behind-the-scenes account of the birth of a naturalistic approach to the neuroscience of the musical aesthetic experience. The story starts from a lab talk giving the inspiration to translate the naturalistic paradigm initially applied to neuroimaging studies of the visual domain into music research. The circumstantial co-presence of neuroscientists and computational musicologists at the same center did the trick, permitting the identification of controlled variables for brain signal processing from the automatic extraction of the acoustic features of real music. This approach is now well accepted by the music neuroscience community while still waiting for full exploitation by aesthetic research.
Dance, Expertise, and Sensorimotor Aesthetics
Authors: Calvo-Merino Beatriz
Published: November 2021

The article reviewed in this chapter discusses how questions initially originated in cognitive neuroscience can be answered with collaborations with nonscientific disciplines, such as performing arts. The author describes the first study that showed dancer’s brain activity when observing dance movements. By investigating how the expert brain works, they demonstrated the important role of sensorimotor processing for movement perception, emotion perception, and aesthetic judgment. This work opened a channel of communication between neuroscientists and performing artists, enabling conversations that have generated novel questions of interest to both disciplines. The chapter discusses three fundamental insights: the importance of prior experience for perception, the importance of motor representations for perception, and the existence of a system for embodied aesthetics. Finally, the author provides some consideration on neuroscientists’ capacity to dissect the aesthetic experience and how this knowledge can be absorbed by the performing artist during the artistic and choreographic process.
Prosulas
Authors: Nardini Luisa
Published: November 2021

Part I provides a general introduction to the repertory of prosulas in Beneventan manuscripts. It is subdivided in two chapters discussing (1) the theoretical framework for the connection between prosulas and hypertexts and the history and historiography of the genre, and (2) the occurrence of prosulas in Beneventan manuscripts in chronological order and their concordances with sources from other European regions highlighting interinstitutional networks and the contribution of women and monastic versus cathedral settings. Comparison with non-Beneventan manuscripts shows that local cantors did receive a kernel of international compositions that was nonetheless reworked according to local preferences. The majority of prosulas, however, are local compositions.
The 15 Minute Case Conceptualization
Authors: Sperry Len , Sperry Jonathan
Published: November 2021

Once understood as useful but optional, case conceptualization is now considered essential and one of the most important of all clinical skills and competencies. As clinicians look for resources to assist in learning and mastering this competency, they must choose among different case conceptualization approaches. They would do well to give serious consideration to those that are both clinically effective and clinician friendly. A truly clinically effective approach explains and guides treatment, and most importantly, predicts challenges and obstacles that are likely to arise over the course of treatment. Most approaches emphasize the functions of explanation and guiding treatment, but seldom include third function which help anticipates likely challenges, which if not proactively addressed are likely to result in therapy interference or premature termination. This function is essential in determining the course and overall effectiveness of therapy. A truly clinician-friendly approach is one that is quick to use and easy to master, and very few approaches can make this claim. The 15 Minute Case Conceptualization is the only approach that is both highly effective and clinician friendly. Research confirms that such case conceptualizations can be completed in only 15 minutes. It is an evidence-based, step-by-step approach that therapists and other mental health professionals need and want.
Brief Case Conceptualizations
Authors: Sperry Len , Sperry Jon
Published: November 2021

This chapter examines a brief case conceptualization strategy that is summarized in five steps. It reviews how pattern is formulated throughout the five-step process. Pattern links the client’s presenting symptoms to the precipitating event and is driven by the predisposing factors and perpetuants. Pattern also informs the second-order treatment goals and interventions as well as the likely treatment obstacles and challenges. The chapter summarizes the following five-step strategy: Step 1: Specify presenting problem and precipitants; Step 2: Identify maladaptive pattern; Step 3: Identify predisposing factors and perpetuants; Step 4: Specify treatment goals and interventions; and Step 5: Specify obstacles, challenges, and facilitators. The chapter concludes with two case vignettes that demonstrate the five-step brief case conceptualization strategy.
A Semi-Kantian Just War Theory
Authors: Benbaji Yitzhak
Published: November 2021

The chapter explores the Kantian philosophy of the law of war and how it is based on two normative claims. First, states are independent of each other in virtue of their duty to provide a legal order in a territory that they rule. Second, any use of non-defensive force by a state in a territory that it does not actually rule is illegal. Benbaji shows that there is a deep tension between these claims, and he sets out to offer a contractarian theory of the crime of aggression, which he characterizes as semi-Kantian: states are fully legitimate only if their right to rule over their territory is recognized by all other states. Semi-Kantians argue that Ripstein’s Kant misconstrues the standing of states vis-à-vis the territories over which they rule.
Three Models of Territory
Authors: Walla Alice Pinheiro
Published: November 2021

The chapter argues that regardless of whether a legal order has been established over a territory, possession of land itself already imposes obligations on persons outside the territory to respect it. She points out that possession of land also imposes duties on the holders of territory that are global in scope. It is therefore not possible to reduce territorial rights to claims of juridical independence in virtue of a state’s internal civil condition, although the existence of a legal order over a territory is an additional argument to the duty to respect a group’s occupation of land. This is because the internal legal order is only binding to its members, while occupation of land is binding to individuals and states already in the state of nature.
National Defense and the Value of Independence
Authors: Renzo Massimo
Published: November 2021

This chapter compares Ripstein’s treatment of wars of national defense with the treatment offered by the just war theory model. Wars of national defense are surprisingly difficult to justify within the just war theory approach. Attempts by some of the most prominent philosophers working within this approach have either concluded that wars of national defense are impermissible, or that they are permissible only in an implausibly restricted number of circumstances. If they are right, and if Ripstein’s account does a better job in dealing with these cases, that would be a reason to favor his Kantian approach over the traditional just war model. Renzo argues that neither of these claims is correct. Ripstein’s view ultimately lacks the resources to justify a right to wage wars of national defense, and contemporary just war theorists are wrong in believing that their approach can at best ground a weak version of such right. This gives us some reasons to prefer the just war approach over the Kantian one championed by Ripstein.
Exactitude and Indemonstrability in Kant’s Doctrine of Right
Authors: Flikschuh Katrin
Published: November 2021

The chapter states that while the Doctrine of Right is often seen as Kant’s contribution to legal theory, it is primarily a work in political philosophy. Flikschuh argues for a reading of the Doctrine of Right as a work that includes a concern with law but is not confined to that concern alone. She claims, however, that the state is a less comprehensive idea for Kant than it is for some of his immediate predecessors and successors on the one hand, and for most contemporary political philosophers on the other hand.
Between Wormholes and Blackholes
Authors: Ganesh Aravind
Published: November 2021

The chapter sets out to explore the question of how the legal claims going by the name of “human rights” in contemporary legal practice can validly be made in war, consistent with the idea that rights are possible—indeed conceivable—only in conditions of peace. Even though war is wrongful in the highest degree, a still deeper wrong obtains if a belligerent does something whose maxim aims at making a future peace impossible. On this basis, Ganesh argues that notwithstanding actual, “empirical” conditions of active conflict, a belligerent must be deemed as sharing a rightful condition with an individual if denying the same would amount to admitting the commission of a war crime. Moreover, Ganesh also demonstrates—contrary to the dominant trend in legal scholarship—that a moral reading of the most relevant caselaw finds human rights obligations to obtain even if the obligor state has little to no capacity to enforce its writ, due either to the territory being embroiled in an active civil war or under the control of another state.
From Constitutionalism to War—and Back Again
Authors: Ripstein Arthur
Published: November 2021

This chapter presents Arthur Ripstein’s responses to the authors of the preceding chapters. The chapter follows the order of the contributions, and are divided broadly into responses to the papers in Part I concerning the ways in which facts matter to right, and the relation between the flawed world in which we find ourselves and the ideal case that Kant contemplates, and to those in Part II dealing with more specific issues in the Kantian theory of war and peace.