bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Efficiency Analysis of Listed Cement Enterprises in China
Authors: Zhang Fang , Fang Hong , Wu Junjie , Ward Damian
Published: May 2016

China’s cement production has been the highest worldwide for decades and contributes significant environmental pollution. Using a non-radical DEA model with slacks-based measure (SBM), this paper analyzes the environmental efficiency of China’s listed cement companies. The results suggest that the average mean of the environmental efficiency for the listed cement enterprises shows a decreasing trend in 2012 and 2013. There is a significant imbalance in environmental efficiency in these firms ranging from very low to very high. Further investigation finds that enterprise size and property structure are key factors. Increasing production concentration and decreasing the share of government investment could improve the environmental efficiency. The findings also suggest that effectively monitoring pollution products can improve environmental efficiency quickly, whereas pursuit for excessive profitability without keeping the same pace in energy saving would cause a sharp drop in environmental efficiency. Based on these findings, we proposed that companies in the Chinese cement sector might consider restructuring to improve environmental efficiency. They also need to make a trade-off between profitability and environmental protection. Finally, the Chinese government should reduce ownership control and management interventions in cement companies.
Transformational and Transactional Factors for the Successful Implementation of Enterprise Architecture in Public Sector
Authors: Lee Seogjun , Oh Seung , Nam Kichan
Published: May 2016

Enterprise architecture (EA) is one of the most important and effective tools for delivering high-quality e-government services to citizens. In this study, we used organizational performance and change theory to determine factors that contribute to the successful implementation of EA. We classified these factors as one of two types: transformation change (TFC) and transactional change (TSC). To identify these factors, we collected survey data from Korean public sectors that have implemented EA for years. Results show that while EA management systems (EAMS) and EA guidelines directly affect EA performance, laws and regulations, and EA organization exert an indirect effect. Further, top management support had both direct and indirect effect on EA performance. Ultimately, the findings produced by this study have implications for government institutions that plan to implement EA.
Ranking Features on Psychological Dynamics of Cooperative Team Work through Bayesian Networks
Authors: Fuster-Parra Pilar , García-Mas Alex , Cantallops Jaume , Ponseti F. , Luo Yuhua
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study is to rank some features that characterize the psychological dynamics of cooperative team work in order to determine priorities for interventions and formation: leading positive feedback, cooperative manager and collaborative manager features. From a dataset of 20 cooperative sport teams (403 soccer players), the characteristics of the prototypical sports teams are studied using an average Bayesian network (BN) and two special types of BNs, the Bayesian classifiers: naive Bayes (NB) and tree augmented naive Bayes (TAN). BNs are selected as they are able to produce probability estimates rather than predictions. BN results show that the antecessors (the “top” features ranked) are the team members’ expectations and their attraction to the social aspects of the task. The main node is formed by the cooperative behaviors, the consequences ranked at the BN bottom (ratified by the TAN trees and the instantiations made), the roles assigned to the members and their survival inside the same team. These results should help managers to determine contents and priorities when they have to face team-building actions.
Cloning and Characterization of Sf9 Cell Lamin and the Lamin Conformational Changes during Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus Infection
Authors: Wei Wenqiang , Wang Hongju , Li Xiaoya , Fang Na , Yang Shili , Liu Hongyan , Kang Xiaonan , Sun Xiulian , Ji Shaoping
Published: May 2016

At present, the details of lamina alterations after baculovirus infection remain elusive. In this study, a lamin gene in the Sf9 cell line of Spodoptera frugiperda was cloned. The open reading frame (orf) of the Sf9 lamin was 1860 bp and encoded a protein with a molecular weight of 70 kDa. A transfection assay with a red fluorescence protein (rfp)-lamin fusion protein indicated that Sf9 lamin was localized in the nuclear rim. Transmission electron microscopy observations indicated that Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) nucleocapsids may pass through the nuclear envelope. Immunofluorescence assay indicated that the lamina showed a ruffled staining pattern with the formation of invaginations in the Sf9 cells infected with AcMNPV, while it was evenly distributed at the nuclear periphery of mock-infected cells. Western blotting results indicated that the total amount of lamin in the baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells was significantly decreased compared with the mock-infected cells. These results imply that AcMNPV infection induces structural and biochemical rearrangements of lamina of Sf9 cells.
Divergent Trends of Anti-JCPyV Serum Reactivity and Neutralizing Activity in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Patients during Treatment with Natalizumab
Authors: Diotti Roberta , Capra Ruggero , Moiola Lucia , Caputo Valeria , De Rossi Nicola , Sangalli Francesca , Martinelli Vittorio , Burioni Roberto , Clementi Massimo , Mancini Nicasio
Published: May 2016

The association between natalizumab and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is established, but a reliable clinical risk stratification flow-chart is lacking. New risk factors are needed, such as the possible role of the anti-JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) neutralizing antibody. In this pilot study, we analyzed this parameter during natalizumab treatment. Sequential sera of 38 multiple sclerosis patients during their first year of natalizumab treatment were collected, and grouped according to the number of infusions. For 11 patients, samples were also available after 24 infusions (T24), when progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) risk is higher. The reactivity against VP1, the main JCPyV surface protein, and the anti-JCPyV neutralizing activity were evaluated. During the first year, a lack of correlation between anti-JCPyV antibody response and its neutralizing activity was observed: a significant decrease in anti-JCPyV antibody response was observed (p = 0.0039), not paralleled by a similar trend in the total anti-JCPyV neutralizing activity (p = 0.2239). This lack of correlation was even more evident at T24 when, notwithstanding a significant increase in the anti-JCPyV response (p = 0.0097), a further decrease of the neutralizing activity was observed (p = 0.0062). This is the first study evidencing, prospectively, the lack of correlation between the anti-JCPyV antibody response and its neutralizing activity during natalizumab treatment.
Multifocal Electroretinography in the Presence of Temporal and Spatial Correlations and Eye Movements
Authors: Saul Alan , Still Amber
Published: May 2016

Releasing patients from the fixation task, and permitting them to view natural stimuli such as movies, would provide increased comfort, and potentially additional signs of retinal function, when recording multifocal electroretinograms (mfERGs). Techniques must be developed to handle the difficulties that arise from these alternative stimulation strategies. Multifocal stimuli were presented to volunteer human subjects with and without fixation. Retinocentric analyses were performed to deal with shifts of the stimulus across the retina in the presence of eye movements. Artificial scotomas that moved with the eyes to simulate local retinal defects were presented to assess whether such defects might be detectable in the presence of eye movements. Temporal and spatial correlations in the stimulus can be discounted, permitting retinal kernels to be measured in response to natural stimuli. Responses to temporally natural stimuli tend to have slightly stronger amplitudes because of the presence of low temporal frequencies in these stimuli. The effects of eye movement artifacts can be reduced, permitting similar kernels to be obtained in the absence and presence of eye movements. Convergence to stable kernels took slightly longer in the presence of temporal correlations or eye movements. Artificial scotomas can be localized with these methods. It may be possible to perform multifocal ERG recordings in the clinic using more flexible, natural techniques. However, work is needed to achieve results comparable to those routinely obtained with conventional methods.
Ecosystem Perceptions in Flood Prone Areas: A Typology and Its Relationship to Preferences for Governance
Authors: Baird Julia , Dzyundzyak Angela , Plummer Ryan , Bullock Ryan , Dupont Diane , Jollineau Marilyne , Kubik Wendee , Pickering Gary , Vasseur Liette
Published: May 2016

A shift appears to be occurring in thinking about flooding, from a resistance-based approach to one of resilience. Accordingly, how stakeholders in flood-prone regions perceive the system and its governance are salient questions. This study queried stakeholders’ internal representations of ecosystems (resistance- or resilience-based), preferences for governance actors and mechanisms for flooding, and the relationship between them in five different regions of the world. The influence of personal experience on these variables was also assessed. Most respondents aligned themselves with a resilience-based approach in relation to system connectedness and response to disturbance; however, respondents were almost evenly split between resistance- and resilience-based approaches when considering system management. Responses generally were considered to hold for other disturbances as well. There was no clear relationship between internal representations and preferences for governance actors or mechanisms. Respondents generally favoured actor combinations that included governments and mechanism combinations that included regulations and policies. Those who had personal experience with flooding tended to align themselves with a resilience-based internal representation of system management, but personal experience showed no clear relationship with governance preferences. The findings support an evolutionary perspective of flood management where emerging paradigms enhance preceding ones, and prompt a critical discussion about the universality of resilience as a framing construct.
Development and characterization of microsatellite primers for Chamaecyparis obtusa (Cupressaceae)
Authors: Kim Young Mi , Shin Yu Seung , Jeong Ji Hee
Published: May 2016

Premise of the study:

Although several microsatellite markers of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Cupressaceae) have been reported in previous studies, we newly developed and evaluated polymorphic microsatellite markers of C. obtusa, an economically important species in Korea as a major forestation tree species, for further genetic studies.

Methods and Results:

Microsatellite‐enrichment libraries were constructed according to the selective hybridization method. From this output, we obtained 10 polymorphic and five monomorphic microsatellite markers for C. obtusa. Five of these developed markers were successfully amplified for C. pisifera, a related species.

Conclusions:

These microsatellite markers can be valuable tools for further genetic studies of C. obtusa, and gathered genetic information may be useful for breeding program management.
Terrestrial arthropods of Steel Creek, Buffalo National River, Arkansas. II. Sawflies (Insecta: Hymenoptera: " Symphyta ")
Authors: Skvarla Michael , Smith David , Fisher Danielle , Dowling Ashley
Published: May 2016

This is the second in a series of papers detailing the terrestrial arthropods collected during an intensive survey of a site near Steel Creek campground along the Buffalo National River in Arkansas. The survey was conducted over a period of eight and a half months using twelve trap types – Malaise traps, canopy traps (upper and lower collector), Lindgren multifunnel traps (black, green, and purple), pan traps (blue, purple, red, white, and yellow), and pitfall traps – and Berlese-Tullgren extraction of leaf litter.

We provide collection records for 47 species of "Symphyta" (Insecta: Hymenoptera), 30 of which are new state records for Arkansas: (Argidae) Sterictiphora serotina; (Cimbicidae) Abia americana; (Diprionidae) Monoctenus fulvus; (Orussidae) Orussus terminalis; (Pamphiliidae) Onycholyda luteicornis, Pamphilius ocreatus, P. persicum, P. rileyi; (Pergidae) Acordulecera dorsalis, A. mellina, A. pellucida; (Tenthredinidae) Caliroa quercuscoccineae, Empria coryli, Hoplocampa marlatti, Macrophya cassandra, Monophadnoides conspiculatus, Monophadnus bakeri, Nematus abbotii, Neopareophora litura, Pachynematus corniger, Paracharactus rudis, Periclista marginicollis, Pristiphora banski, P. chlorea, Strongylogaster impressata, S. remota, Taxonus epicera, Thrinax albidopictus, T. multicinctus, Zaschizonyx montana; (Xiphydriidae) Xiphydria tibialis.
Autisme, une recherche
Authors: Touati Bernard , Mercier Annie , Tuil Lou
Published: May 2016

Dans le cadre d’une recherche sur un intersecteur de pédopsychiatrie, il nous a paru pertinent de différencier parmi les TED, aux plans clinique et psychopathologique, les mécanismes de fonctionnement autistiques de ceux dits psychotiques. Cette différence a selon nous, des effets importants, que nous développons, quant à la compréhension de chaque sujet, et quant aux mesures thérapeutiques, éducatives et pédagogiques mises en œuvre. Sur 138 patients inclus dans l’étude pour une file active d’environ 1800 patients, 53 répondaient aux critères d’autisme et 85 à ceux de psychose (ou TED non autistique). Pour chaque groupe, des grilles d’analyse évolutive ont été appliquées sur deux temps définis, état initial / état actuel. Les résultats démontrent une évolution positive ou très positive dans plus de la moitié des cas, une évolution moyenne ou faible pour un tiers des enfants, une stagnation ou une mauvaise évolution pour un enfant sur dix.
Designing a Behavioral Health Workshop: Integrated Clinical Care
Authors: Vyas Rushi , Emejuru Jason , Gandhi Baiju S. , Norris Lorenzo
Published: May 2016

Studies show that the Collaborative Care Model (CCM) is helpful in providing improved outcomes for patients, particularly those with comorbid psychiatric and medical illness. This type of integrated care is likely to become more common, creating a need for psychiatrists to understand the evolution of this model and suggested methods for implementation. The authors draw upon the literature and provider experience to give psychiatrists the tools to navigate this landscape. Developing a behavioral health workshop is one such tool, and it involves three broad phases: preparation, intervention and activity selection, as well as education and reinforcement.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2016;46(5):303–308.]
Using a Posterior Compartment Fasciotomy and Paratenon Closure in Acute Achilles Tendon Repair
Authors: Saper David , Lybrand Kyle , Creevy William , Li Xinning
Published: May 2016

Soft tissue management, dissection, and handling are of paramount importance during Achilles tendon repair. Although surgical repairs of Achilles tendons have predictably excellent outcomes, complications including wound infection and stiffness are not uncommon. The authors' surgical technique for Achilles tendon repair includes tagging the posterior paratenon for later layered repair and incising the posterior fascia, exposing the flexor hallucis longus muscle belly. This posterior compartment fasciotomy allows for both hematoma evacuation away from the tenuous posterior skin and mobilization of the posterior paratendon for complete closure over the repaired Achilles tendon. With this modified technique, the authors report a 1% infection rate and a 1% failure rate. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(4):e790–e793.]
Appreciating the image of God in all humanity: Towards a pastoral response to skin lightening as image enhancement to exit dark skin
Authors: Tenai Noah K.
Published: May 2016

The practice of skin lightening is prevalent amongst dark-skinned people globally. Various current studies that map this practice and that seek motivations behind the practice are examined. It is observed that through shrewd marketing, dark-skinned people are offered a promise of a better quality of life, obtained by a lighter skin, through the use of skin lighteners. In spite of the severe health risks involved, the promise is ostensibly irresistible to some dark-skinned persons. A pastoral response is offered that affirms the full personhood and complete humanity of dark-skinned people as fully human and whole in their dark skins.Keywords: Skin lightening, Dark skin, Image of God
Assessing Team Leadership in Emergency Medicine: The Milestones and Beyond
Authors: Rosenman Elizabeth D. , Branzetti Jeremy B. , Fernandez Rosemarie
Published: May 2016

Team leadership is a critical skill for emergency medicine physicians that directly affects team performance and the quality of patient care. There exists a robust body of team science research supporting team leadership conceptual models and behavioral skill sets. However, to date, this work has not been widely incorporated into health care team leadership education.Background

 This narrative review has 3 aims: (1) to synthesize the team science literature and to translate important concepts and models to health care team leadership; (2) to describe how team leadership is currently represented in the health care literature and in the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestones for emergency medicine; and (3) to propose a novel, evidence-based framework for the assessment of team leadership in emergency medicine.Objective

 We conducted a narrative review of the team science and health care literature. We summarized our findings and identified a list of team leadership behaviors that were then used to create a framework for team leadership assessment.Methods

 Current health care team leadership measurement tools do not incorporate evidence-based models of leadership concepts from other established domains. The emergency medicine milestones include several team leadership behaviors as part of a larger resident evaluation program. However, they do not offer a comprehensive or cohesive representation of the team leadership construct.Results

 Despite the importance of team leadership to patient care, there is no standardized approach to team leadership assessment in emergency medicine. Based on the results of our review, we propose a novel team leadership assessment framework that is supported by the team science literature.Conclusions
Morphological characterization of the gonads of bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus)
Authors: Rizzi G. , Silva-Zacarin E. , Oliveira C. , Costa M. , Salla R. , Abdalla F.
Published: May 2016

Introduction: This work describes various aspects of early gonadal development of female and male in pre-metamorphic tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus) at Gosner stage 25. Materials and Methods: Ovaries and testicles were prepared for routine light microscopy for morphological study and for acridine orange technique fluroescent microscopy for observation of RNA cytoplasm activity. Results: The results showed that female gonads at Gosner stage 25 predominated primary and secondary oogonias, as well as primary, secondary and tertiary oocytes. The developing testicle presented primary spermatogonia (I or A) and secondary spermatogonia (II or B), and as well as primary and secondary spermatocyte. All this cell phases were morphologically characterized and the cell sizes measured. In pre-metamorphic testes the somniferous duct are not developed and the vasa deferentia is opened. Conclusion: At this point, it was possible differentiate ovary from testes does not for the gonadal cells, but for the general anatomy of the organs, being the ovary a spheroid structure and the testicle an elongated tubule.
Enseñanza basada en dispositivos móviles. Nuevos retos en la docencia de la representación arquitectónica. Caso de estudio: Los Tianguis de Tonalá, Jalisco, México
Authors: Redondo Ernesto , Fonseca David , Valls Francesc , Olivares Adriana
Published: May 2016

Presentamos un estudio de caso de investigación educativa centrado en la visualización y acceso a contenidos docentes de forma ubicua en dispositivos multimedia móviles. El tema de estudio es el proyecto de urbanización y mejora urbana junto con el diseño de nuevos puestos de venta ambulante en Tonalá, Jalisco, México. El experimento docente se ha llevado a cabo en un curso de maestría en Procesos Gráficos de la Universidad de Guadalajara. En su evaluación hemos utilizado unas metodologías complementarias a los análisis cuantitativos mediante encuestas cualitativas BLA, Bipolar Laddering Assessment, originarias de los estudios de experiencia de usuario. Tras su desarrollo, análisis y evaluación podemos concluir que hemos demostrado que el uso de estas estrategias de visualización interactivas motivan a los estudiantes, incluso superando la necesidad de mayor tiempo de dedicación dada su complejidad y novedad tecnológica.
Sistema reconstructivo cinético. La reconstrucción virtual del proyecto utópico de Lázsló Moholy-Nagy y Stefan Sebök
Authors: Prieto López Juan Ignacio
Published: May 2016

Dentro de la polifacética obra de Lázsló Moholy-Nagy, el artículo se centra en la actividad que desarrolló tras su llegada a Berlín en 1922, donde entró en contacto con el Expresionismo, Dadaísmo y Constructivismo antes de incorporarse como docente a la Bauhaus. Concretamente en una serie de manifiestos teóricos y obras pictóricas realizadas entre 1922 y 1928 agrupados bajo el nombre de Sistema Constructivo-Cinético, en los que contó con la colaboración de sus compatriotas Alfréd Kemény y Stefan Sebök. En ellos se define una arquitectura utópica destinada a activar los sentidos de las personas en su interacción con un dispositivo espacial dinámico. La reconstrucción virtual de este dispositivo permite analizar las implicaciones espaciales y sensoriales del mismo, así como estudiar su relación con otros proyectos contemporáneos que sirvieron de referencia para este proyecto o a aquellos a los que inspiró.
Geometría de la transformación. La propuesta urbana de Leonardo da Vinci para Milán
Authors: Fernandez-Vivancos González Enrique
Published: May 2016

En 1493, Leonardo da Vinci propuso un ambicioso plan para la transformación de Milán, consistente en la construcción de diez nuevas ciudades que debían resolver los problemas de hacinamiento e insalubridad de la capital lombarda. Con este proyecto, que vincula las dinámicas de crecimiento urbano con los procesos de reordenación interior, Leonardo logró alcanzar una síntesis largamente buscada entre la utopía de la ciudad ideal de nueva planta y el pragmatismo de la renovación de los núcleos medievales según los valores de la cultura humanística del Renacimiento.

El presente artículo pone en relación la singular estrategia de transformación urbana propuesta por Leonardo para Milán, con sus estudios de las estructuras formales y de los procesos formativos en el territorio. Unas investigaciones, sobre la permanencia y el cambio, que finalmente le llevaron a la formulación de una geometría de la transformación que hoy denominaríamos topología.
La fachada retablo de la Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Vistabella del Maestrazgo (Castellón)
Authors: Mañez Pitarch Maria Jesus , Garfella Rubio José Teodoro
Published: May 2016

La fachada retablo de la iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Vistabella del Maestrazgo (Castellón), es uno de los elementos arquitectónicos más importantes del Renacimiento Valenciano. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un estudio gráfico e histórico de este elemento. Para ello se ha realizado un levantamiento gráfico arquitectónico, y se han recopilado datos bibliográficos y archivísticos, con el fin de analizar los aspectos formales, geométricos, metrológicos y métricos de la portada mayor del templo. Todo ello ha permitido hallar la traza original, la modulación utilizada basada en el palmo valenciano, el esquema compositivo, la relación con otras partes del edificio y su vinculación con otros retablos.
Restaurar ¿es todavía posible?
Authors: Noguera Juan Francisco
Published: May 2016

Resumen no disponible
Siyasa. Intervención en un yacimiento arqueológico
Authors: López Martínez Francisco Javier
Published: May 2016

Resumen no disponible
Los “manuali del recupero” italianos. Una disciplina orientada a la práctica
Authors: Giovanetti Francesco
Published: May 2016

Resumen no disponible
Criterios y metodologías para la conservación y restauración de los revestimientos y el color en la arquitectura
Authors: Gallego Roca Javier
Published: May 2016

El autor del artículo, el arquitecto Javier Gallego, aborda el tema del color y los revestimientos desde problemas conceptuales como la posible conservación de la pátina y el papel desempeñado por la ornamentación, utilizando algunos ejemplos de la arquitectura romana para introducir al lector en los materiales y técnicas empleados en diversos casos de restauración de revestimientos y color.
La piedra caliza de la catedral de Murcia
Authors: Vera Botí Alfredo
Published: May 2016

Los problemas de conservación de la piedra son comunes a una gran mayoría de obras de restauración, de ahí la importancia de conocer y contrastar intervenciones realizadas en distintos monumentos. Este artículo sobre la restauración llevada a cabo por el arquitecto Alfredo Vera Botí en la Catedral de Murcia viene a completar con una visión más pormenorizada el artículo sobre el Plan Director de la misma que se publicó en el Número 1 de LOGGIA.
Evaluation of UTLS carbon monoxide simulations in GMI and GEOS-Chem chemical transport models using Aura MLS observations
Authors: Huang Lei , Jiang Jonathan H. , Murray Lee T. , Damon Megan R. , Su Hui , Livesey Nathaniel J.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. This study evaluates the distribution and variation of carbon monoxide (CO) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) during 2004–2012 as simulated by two chemical transport models, using the latest version of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations. The simulated spatial distributions, temporal variations and vertical transport of CO in the UTLS region are compared with those observed by MLS. We also investigate the impact of surface emissions and deep convection on CO concentrations in the UTLS over different regions, using both model simulations and MLS observations. Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) and GEOS-Chem simulations of UTLS CO both show similar spatial distributions to observations. The global mean CO values simulated by both models agree with MLS observations at 215 and 147 hPa, but are significantly underestimated by more than 40 % at 100 hPa. In addition, the models underestimate the peak CO values by up to 70 % at 100 hPa, 60 % at 147 hPa and 40 % at 215 hPa, with GEOS-Chem generally simulating more CO at 100 hPa and less CO at 215 hPa than GMI. The seasonal distributions of CO simulated by both models are in better agreement with MLS in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) than in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), with disagreements between model and observations over enhanced CO regions such as southern Africa. The simulated vertical transport of CO shows better agreement with MLS in the tropics and the SH subtropics than the NH subtropics. We also examine regional variations in the relationships among surface CO emission, convection and UTLS CO concentrations. The two models exhibit emission–convection–CO relationships similar to those observed by MLS over the tropics and some regions with enhanced UTLS CO.
Remote sensing CO2, CH4 and CO emissions in a polluted urban environment
Authors: O'Brien Denis M. , Polonsky Igor N. , Utembe Steven R. , Rayner Peter J.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. This paper describes a numerical experiment to test the ability of the proposed geoCARB satellite to estimate emissions of trace gases (CO2, CH4 and CO) in the polluted urban environment of Shanghai. The meteorology over Shanghai is simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for a nine-day period in August 2010. The meteorology includes water and ice clouds. The chemistry version of WRF (WRF-Chem V3.6.1) is used to predict the chemical composition, mass density and number density of aerosol species. Spectra in the bands measured by geoCARB are calculated, including the effects of polarisation and multiple scattering of radiation by clouds, aerosols and molecules. Instrument noise is added, and column-averaged trace gas mole fractions are estimated from the noisy spectra using an algorithm based on that for the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO2), but adapted to geoCARB. As expected, the high aerosol loadings are challenging. However, when the retrieval algorithm is provided with regionally adjusted aerosol optical properties, as might be determined from observations of dark targets within the field of regard, the accuracies of retrieved concentrations are comparable to those reported earlier for geoCARB. Statistics of the errors in the retrieved column-averaged concentrations are used to predict the reduction in uncertainty of surface emissions possible with remotely sensed data.
A multi-scale comparison of modeled and observed seasonal methane cycles in northern wetlands
Authors: Xu Xiyan , Riley William  J. , Koven Charles  D. , Billesbach Dave P. , Chang Rachel Y.-­W. , Commane Róisín , Euskirchen Eugénie S. , Hartery Sean , Harazono Yoshinobu , Iwata Hiroki , McDonald Kyle  C. , Miller Charles E. , Oechel Walter  C. , Poulter Benjamin , Raz-Yaseef Naama , Sweeney Colm , Torn Margaret , Wofsy Steven  C. , Zhang Zhen , Zona Donatella
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Wetlands are the single largest global natural methane (CH4) source, and emissions between 50°N and 70°N latitude contribute 10–30 % to this source. Predictive capability of northern wetland CH4 emissions is still low due to limited site measurements, strong spatial and temporal variability in emissions, and complex hydrological and biogeochemical dynamics. To explore this issue, we compare wetland CH4 emission predictions from the Community Land Model 4.5 (CLM4.5-BGC) with site to regional scale observations. A comparison of the CH4 fluxes with eddy flux data highlighted needed changes to the model’s estimate of aerenchyma area, which we implemented and tested. The model modification substantially reduced biases in CH4 emissions when compared with CarbonTracker CH4 predictions. CLM4.5 CH4 emission predictions agree well with growing season (May–September) CarbonTracker Alaskan regional-level CH4 predictions and site-level observations. However, CLM4.5 underestimated CH4 emissions in the cold season (October–April). The monthly CH4 mole fraction enhancements due to wetland emissions are also assessed using the WRF-STILT Lagrangian transport model coupled with daily emission priors from CLM4.5 and compared with aircraft CH4 mole fraction measurements from the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE) campaign. Both the tower and aircraft analyses confirm the underestimate of cold season CH4 emissions by CLM4.5. The greatest uncertainties in predicting the seasonal CH4 cycle are from the wetland extent, cold season CH4 production and CH4 transport processes. We recommend more cold-season experimental studies in high latitude systems, which could improve understanding and parameterization of ecosystem structure and function during this period. Predicted CH4 emissions remain uncertain, but we show here that benchmarking against observations across spatial scales can inform model structural and parameter improvements.
RTTOV-gb – Adapting the fast radiative transfer model RTTOV for the assimilation of ground-based microwave radiometer observations
Authors: De Angelis Francesco , Cimini Domenico , Hocking James , Martinet Pauline , Kneifel Stefan
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Ground-based microwave radiometers (MWR) offer a new capability to provide continuous observations of the atmospheric thermodynamic state in the planetary boundary layer. Thus, they are potential candidates to supplement radiosonde network and satellite data to improve numerical weather prediction (NWP) models through a variational assimilation of their data. However in order to assimilate MWR observations a fast radiative transfer model is required and such a model is not currently available. This is necessary for going from the model state vector space to the observation space at every observation point. The fast radiative transfer model RTTOV is well accepted in the NWP community, though it was developed to simulate satellite observations only. In this work, the RTTOV code has been modified to allow for simulations of ground-based upward looking microwave sensors. In addition, the Tangent Linear, Adjoint, and K-modules of RTTOV have been adapted to provide Jacobians (i.e. the sensitivity of observations to the atmospheric thermodynamical state) for ground-based geometry. These modules are necessary for the fast minimization of the cost function in a variational assimilation scheme. The proposed ground-based version of RTTOV, called RTTOV-gb, has been validated against accurate and less time-efficient line-by-line radiative transfer models. In the frequency range commonly used for temperature and humidity profiling (22–60 GHz), root-mean-square brightness temperature differences are smaller than typical MWR uncertainties (~ 0.5 K) at all channels used in this analysis. Brightness temperatures (TB) computed with RTTOV-gb from radiosonde profiles have been compared with nearly simultaneous and colocated ground-based MWR observations. Differences between simulated and measured TB are below 0.5 K for all channels except for the water vapor band, where most of the uncertainty comes from instrumental errors. The Jacobians calculated with the K-module of RTTOV-gb have been compared with those calculated with the brute force technique and those from the line-by-line model ARTS. Jacobians are found to be almost identical, except for liquid water content Jacobians for which a 10 % difference between ARTS and RTTOV-gb at transparent channels around 450 hPa is attributed to differences in liquid water absorption models. Finally, RTTOV-gb has been applied as the forward model operator within a 1-Dimensional Variational (1D-Var) software tool in an Observing-System Simulation Experiment (OSSE). For both temperature and humidity profiles, the 1D-Var with RTTOV-gb improves the retrievals with respect to NWP model in the first few kilometers from the ground.
DynVarMIP: Assessing the Dynamics and Variability of the Stratosphere-Troposphere System
Authors: Gerber Edwin P. , Manzini Elisa
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Diagnostics of atmospheric momentum and energy transport are needed to investigate the origin of circulation biases in climate models and to understand the atmospheric response to natural and anthropogenic forcing. Model biases in atmospheric dynamics are one of the factors that increase uncertainty in projections of regional climate, precipitation, and extreme events. Here we define requirements for diagnosing the atmospheric circulation and variability across temporal scales and for evaluating the transport of mass, momentum and energy by dynamical processes in the context of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). These diagnostics target the assessments of both resolved and parameterized dynamical processes in climate models, a novelty for CMIP, and are particularly vital for assessing the impact of the stratosphere on surface climate change.
Making rainfall features fun: scientific activities for teaching children aged 5–12 years
Authors: Gires Auguste , Muller Catherine L. , le Gueut Marie-Agathe , Schertzer Daniel
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Research projects now rely on an array of different channels to increase impact, including high-level scientific output, tools, and equipment, but also communication, outreach, and educational activities. This paper focuses on education for children aged 5–12 years and presents activities that aim to help them (and their teachers) grasp some of the complex underlying issues in environmental science. More generally, it helps children to become familiarized with science and scientists, with the aim to enhance scientific culture and promote careers in this field. The activities developed are focused on rainfall: (a) designing and using a disdrometer to observe the variety of drop sizes; (b) careful recording of successive dry and rainy days and reproducing patterns using a simple model based on fractal random multiplicative cascades; and (c) collaboratively writing a children's book about rainfall. These activities are discussed in the context of current state-of-the-art pedagogical practices and goals set by project funders, especially in a European Union framework.
Seasonal Dynamics of Rainfall Erosivity in Switzerland
Authors: Schmidt Simon , Alewell Christine , Panagos Panos , Meusburger Katrin
Published: May 2016

Abstract. One major controlling factor of water erosion is rainfall erosivity, which is quantified by the kinetic energy of a rainfall event and its maximum 30-min intensity. Rainfall erosivity is often expressed as R-factor in soil erosion risk models like the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and its revised version (RUSLE). As rainfall erosivity is closely correlated with dynamic rainfall amount and intensity, the rainfall erosivity of Switzerland can be expected to have a characteristic regional and seasonal dynamic throughout the year. This intra-annual variability was mapped by a monthly modelling approach to assess simultaneously spatial and monthly pattern of rainfall erosivity. So far only national seasonal means and regional annual means exist for Switzerland. We used a network of 87 precipitation gauging stations with a 10-minute temporal resolution to calculate long-term monthly mean R-factors. Stepwise regression and Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) were used to select spatial covariates which explain the spatial and temporal pattern of the R-factor for each month across Switzerland. The monthly R-factor is mapped by its specific regression equation and the ordinary kriging interpolation of its residuals (Regression-Kriging). As covariates, a variety of precipitation indicator data has been included like snow depths, a combination product of hourly precipitation measurements and radar observations (CombiPrecip), daily alpine precipitation (EURO4M-APGD) and monthly precipitation sums (RhiresM). Topographic parameters (elevation, slope) were also significant explanatory variables for single months. The comparison of the 12 monthly rainfall erosivity maps showed a distinct seasonality with highest rainfall erosivity in summer (June, July, and August) influenced by intense rainfall events. Winter months have lowest rainfall erosivity. A proportion of 62 % of the total annual rainfall erosivity is identified within four months only (June to September). Highest erosion risk can be expected for July where not only rainfall erosivity but also erosivity density is high. Additionally to the intra-annual temporal regime, a spatial variability of this seasonality was detectable between different regions of Switzerland. The assessment of the dynamic behavior of the R-factor is valuable for the identification of susceptible seasons and regions.
Full Faith and Credit and Section 1983
Authors: Rohlfing David
Published: May 2016

None
Jeffrey W. Alexander, Brewed in Japan: The Evolution of the Japanese Beer Industry. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2013, xii + 303. Reprint: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN: 978-0824839536
Authors: Rath Eric C.
Published: May 2016

N/A
Simon James Bytheway, Investing Japan; Foreign Capital, Monetary Standards, and Economic Development, 1859-2011, Harvard University Asia Center, 2014, 286. ISBN: 978-0-674-41713-7
Authors: Guelcher Greg P.
Published: May 2016

N/A
Evaluación de un prototipo didáctico de Refrigeración Solar
Authors: Maldonado Úbeda Harenia Del Carmen , Talavera Meneses María José , Reyes Aguilera Edwin Antonio , Fuentes Peralta Luis Lorenzo
Published: May 2016

El objetivo principal de esta investigación, es evaluar los parámetros característicos de funcionamiento de un prototipo de refrigeración solar. Es una investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa según su enfoque, con un nivel de profundidad según su tipología: descriptiva. La muestra del estudio es probabilístico. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: la encuesta y una guía diseñada para recolección de datos, se instalaron manómetros de presión, termopares para medición de temperatura y solarimetro para el monitoreo de la radiación. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las variables del refrigerador solar dependen completamente de la radiación solar, esto debido a que cuando esta era mayor, se logran alcanzar temperaturas entre los 4 oC y 6 oC, rango requerido para el mantenimiento y conservación de vacunas u otros tipos de medicamentos, utilizados en puestos de salud, según las respuesta de los estudiantes, encuestados de los diferentes años de la carrera de Ingeniería en Energías Renovables, el constar para fines didácticos con un prototipo de refrigeración solar es importante debido a que permite ampliar los conocimientos mediante la vinculación de la teoría recibida en aula de clase con la práctica. Se concluye que el aprovechamiento de la energía solar para el funcionamiento de un refrigerador solar, beneficia los estudiantes ya que pueden realizar prácticas enfocadas a estos temas.
Invarianceness for Character Recognition Using Geo-Discretization Features
Authors: Ali Aree , Omer Bayan
Published: May 2016

<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Recognition rate of characters in the handwritten is still a big challenge for the research because of a shape variation, scale and format in a given handwritten character. A more complicated handwritten character recognition system needs a better feature extraction technique that deal with such variation of hand writing. In other hand, to obtain efficient and accurate recognition rely on off-line English handwriting character, the similarity in the character traits is an important issue to be differentiated in an off-line English handwriting to. In recognizing a character, character handwriting format could be implicitly analyzed to make the representation of the unique hidden features of the individual's character is allowable. Unique features can be used in recognizing characters which can be considerable when the similarity between two characters is high. However, the problem of the similarity in off-line English character handwritten was not taken into account thus, leaving a high possibility of degrading the similarity error for intra-class [same character] with the decrease of the similarity error for inter-class [different character]. Therefore, in order to achieve better performance, this paper proposes a discretization feature algorithm to reduce the similarity error for intra-class [same character]. The mean absolute error is used as a parameter to calculate the similarity between inter and/or intra class characters. Test results show that the identification rate give a better result with the proposed hybrid Geo-Discretization method.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Computer and Information Science, Vol. 9, No. 2
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: May 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Computer and Information Science, Vol. 9, No. 2
Identifying Iranian Consumers’ Preferences towards Functional Dairy Products
Authors: Bazhan Marjan , Kalantari Naser , Keshavarz-Mohammadi Nastaran , Hosseini Hedayat , Eini-Zinab Hassan , Alavi-Majd Hamid
Published: May 2016

INTRODUCTION: During the past few decades, production and marketing of functional foods has increased in many countries including Iran. Considering the fact that consumers’ preferences play an important role in the success of marketing a product to increase consumption, this study was conducted in Iran to fill the knowledge gap in this regard.

METHODS: The theory of social marketing served as the framework of this study. Qualitative data were collected via eight semi-structured focus group discussions, between May and September 2014. Participants were 65 women (44 housewives and 21 employed women), aged 23–68 years, selected by purposeful sampling technique, considering maximum diversity. All focus group discussions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Analysis of the qualitative content of the data was conducted using MAXQDA® software.

RESULTS: The findings showed that there were quite diverse preferences among studied women in regards to different aspects of a product and its social marketing strategies. The preferences towards functional dairy were categorized in 4 main groups: (i) characteristics of products including sensory and non-sensory characteristics; (ii) price; (iii) place of the product supply; and (iv) promotion strategies of products categorized in three subgroups of informing and educating, advertising, and recommending.

CONCLUSION: This diversity should be considered both in production of dairy foods and their promotion plans. This understanding can contribute to success of interventions to increase consumption of these products among consumers.
Effectiveness of Cognitive-behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of Iranian Male Drug Addicts at a State Rehabilitation Center
Authors: Parvizifard Aliakbar , Haji Ahmad Haji Jamaludin Bin , Sulaiman Tajularipin , Binti Baba Maznah , Sadeghi Kheirollah , Parsa Moghadam Arash
Published: May 2016

INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed at examining the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) group intervention on measures of self-efficacy and level of relapse for abstinence among Iranian male drug addicts.METHODS: An experimental research design was adopted in the current study in which the participants consisted of 75 male drug addicts who were consecutively admitted as outpatients at a state rehabilitation center. They were randomly allocated to experimental (N=37) and control (N=38) groups. They completed the Iranian version of Drug Taking Confidence Questionnaire (DTCQ-IV) and took urine test as pre-test and post-test. The CBT group intervention was conducted at 12 sessions, one session per week. It was hypothesized that there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups regarding self-efficacy and level of relapse.RESULT: The results of ANCOVA showed there were significant differences in pleasant emotion and testing control between the two groups on measures of self-efficacy. The results of McNemar test indicated level of relapse in the experimental group significantly declined from pre-test to post-test. Furthermore, using Chi-square analysis, a significant difference (with a moderate effect size) was found in the levels of relapse.CONCLUSION: The present study provides strong support for CBT group intervention as an effective treatment for Iranian male drug addicts. Therefore, CBT group intervention can be considered as a practical approach in the treatment of people with SUDs.