bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capillary flow and mechanical buckling in a growing annular bacterial colony
Authors: Si Tieyan , Ma Zidong , Tang Jay X.
Published: December 2017

A hyper-elastic buckling model accounts for the periodic buckles, which are observed at the inner edge of an annular bacterial colony.
Bulk properties and transport mechanisms of a solid state antiperovskite Li-ion conductor Li3OCl: insights from first principles calculations
Authors: Wu Musheng , Xu Bo , Lei Xueling , Huang Kelvin , Ouyang Chuying
Published: December 2017

Systematic study on bulk properties, defect chemistry and Li-ion transport mechanisms of a Li3OCl fast-ion conductor.
CoS2–TiO2hybrid nanostructures: efficient and durable bifunctional electrocatalysts for alkaline electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers
Authors: Ganesan Pandian , Sivanantham Arumugam , Shanmugam Sangaraju
Published: December 2017

The TiO2supported Co(TU)-derived CoS2nanostructures show remarkable bifunctional electrochemical activity and ultra-stability in alkaline electrolyte membrane water electrolysis.
Low toxicity environmentally friendly single component aqueous organic ionic conductors for high efficiency photoelectrochemical solar cells
Authors: Vaghasiya Jayraj V. , Nandakumar Dilip Krishna , Yaoxin Zhang , Tan Swee Ching
Published: December 2017

Low-toxic, environment friendly single component organic ionic conductors are synthesized by facile methods and used as electrolytes in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs).
Impact of the synthesis method on the solid-state charge transport of radical polymers
Authors: Zhang Yiren , Park Albert , Cintora Alicia , McMillan Stephen R. , Harmon Nicholas J. , Moehle Austin , Flatté Michael E. , Fuchs Gregory D. , Ober Christopher K.
Published: December 2017

Though poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy methacrylate) (PTMA) was reported to be conductive, careful measurements indicate its insulating nature regardless of synthesis method, which have implication for its application in organic electronics.
Improving Hearing Aid Self-Efficacy and Utility Through Revising a Hearing Aid User Guide: A Pilot Study
Authors: McMullan Alexandra , Kelly-Campbell Rebecca J. , Wise Kim
Published: December 2017

Purpose

This pilot study aimed to investigate whether revising a hearing aid user guide (HAUG) is associated with improved hearing aid self-efficacy and utility performance.

Method

In Part 1, an HAUG was evaluated using the Suitability Assessment of Material (SAM) and readability formulas (Flesch Reading Ease [Flesch, 1943], Flesch-Kincaid Readability Formula [Kincaid, Fishburne, Rogers, & Chissom, 1957], and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook [McLaughlin, 1969]). The HAUG was revised using results from the SAM and best practice guidelines. The revision included generating a video. In Part 2, 30 adults with hearing impairment were randomly assigned to use either the original guide (N= 15) or the revised guide and video (N= 15) to perform a utility task. Participants' self-efficacy was measured using the Basic and Advanced Handling subscales of the Measure of Audiologic Rehabilitation Self-Efficacy for Hearing Aids questionnaire. SAM and readability were compared between the original and revised guides (Doak, Doak, & Root, 1996).

Results

SAM and readability were improved following the revision. Participants in the revised guide group performed significantly better on the utility task and on the Measure of Audiologic Rehabilitation Self-Efficacy for Hearing Aids subscales than participants in the original guide group.

Conclusions

These results are encouraging as they indicate that there is scope to influence self-efficacy and utility performance through the use of appropriate HAUGs.
Identifying Children at Risk for Language Impairment or Dyslexia With Group-Administered Measures
Authors: Adlof Suzanne M. , Scoggins Joanna , Brazendale Allison , Babb Spencer , Petscher Yaacov
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The study aims to determine whether brief, group-administered screening measures can reliably identify second-grade children at risk for language impairment (LI) or dyslexia and to examine the degree to which parents of affected children were aware of their children's difficulties.

Method

Participants (
N
= 381) completed screening tasks and assessments of word reading, oral language, and nonverbal intelligence. Their parents completed questionnaires that inquired about reading and language development.

Results

Despite considerable overlap in the children meeting criteria for LI and dyslexia, many children exhibited problems in only one domain. The combined screening tasks reliably identified children at risk for either LI or dyslexia (area under the curve = 0.842), but they were more accurate at identifying risk for dyslexia than LI. Parents of children with LI and/or dyslexia were frequently unaware of their children's difficulties. Parents of children with LI but good word reading skills were the least likely of all impairment groups to report concerns or prior receipt of speech, language, or reading services.

Conclusions

Group-administered screens can identify children at risk of LI and/or dyslexia with good classification accuracy and in less time than individually administered measures. More research is needed to improve the identification of children with LI who display good word reading skills.
Accentuate the Negative: Grammatical Errors During Narrative Production as a Clinical Marker of Central Nervous System Abnormality in School-Aged Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Thorne John C.
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine (a) whether increased grammatical error rates during a standardized narrative task are a more clinically useful marker of central nervous system abnormality in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) than common measures of productivity or grammatical complexity and (b) whether combining the rate of grammatical errors with the rate of cohesive referencing errors can improve utility of a standardized narrative assessment task for FASD diagnosis.

Method

The method used was retrospective analysis of narrative and clinical data from 138 children (aged 7–12 years; 69 with FASD, 69 typically developing). Narrative analysis was conducted blind to diagnosis. Measures of grammatical error, productivity and complexity, and cohesion were used independently and in combination to predict whether a story was told by a child with an FASD diagnosis.

Results

Elevated grammatical error rates were more common in children with FASD, and this difference facilitated a more accurate prediction of FASD status than measures of productivity and grammatical complexity and, when combined with an accounting of cohesive referencing errors, significantly improved sensitivity to FASD over standard practice.

Conclusion

Grammatical error rates during a narrative are a viable behavioral marker of the kinds of central nervous system abnormality associated with prenatal alcohol exposure, having significant potential to contribute to the FASD diagnostic process.
Multi‐frame blind deconvolution of atmospheric turbulence degraded images with mixed noise models
Authors: Yang Afeng , Jiang Xue , Day‐Uei Li David
Published: December 2017

A mixed noise model is proposed and the multi‐frame blind deconvolution is used to restore the images of space objects under the Bayesian inference framework. To minimise the cost function, an algorithm based on iterative recursion was proposed. In addition, three limited bandwidth constraints of the point spread functions were imposed into the solution process to avoid converging to local minima. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively restore the turbulence degraded images and alleviate the distortion caused by the noise.
Method of moments analysis of arrays of cylindrical microstrip antennas with superstrate
Authors: Pereira‐Filho Odilon M.C. , Barbosa Hugo B. , Diniz Camila A. , Tinoco‐S Alexis F.
Published: December 2017

This study presents a full‐wave solution for arrays of cylindrical‐rectangular microstrip antennas, with superstrate. It uses the method of moments (MoM), with full‐domain basis functions. The same set of functions is used as testing‐functions resulting in a Galerkin procedure. A numerical procedure is presented allowing an efficient and numerically stable evaluation of the elements of the MoM linear system. Results for input impedance are compared to those using HFSS for a flush‐mounted geometry. Results for radiation pattern, mutual impedance, and coupling coefficient are also presented. And the effects of the superstrate on those parameters are evaluated.
RCS reduction and gain enhancement based on holographic metasurface and PRS
Authors: Long Mao , Jiang Wen , Gong Shuxi
Published: December 2017

In this study, a high directivity slot‐coupled patch antenna with low radar cross section (RCS) property using holographic metasurface (HM) and partially reflecting surface (PRS) is proposed. HM and PRS are printed on the two sides of a substrate, which is placed above the antenna. When an incident wave is illuminated on the HM, transmission wave is transferred into a surface wave, hence the low backscattering coefficient out‐of‐band and gain‐enhancement are obtained. With the help of PRS and the metal plate, a Fabry–Perot resonator cavity is shaped. Not only in‐band RCS reduction (RCSR), but also the high directivity of the antenna is obtained. Furthermore, simulated and measured results show remarkable RCSR are obtained ranging from 9 to 22 GHz, the maximum RCSR is 26.7 dB at 17.6 GHz, and the directivity of HM–PRS antenna is improved with the gain enhancement is 4.1 dB.
Defence against responsive and non‐responsive jamming attack in cognitive radio networks: an evolutionary game theoretical approach
Authors: Bharathi Shyamala , Kumar Dhananjay , Ram Deepak
Published: December 2017

An anti‐jamming system based on Stackelberg game theory has been used in past to model the sequence of events of a jamming game in cognitive radio network. However, this approach fails to support the improvement of strategy in counteracting responsive and non‐responsive attack. The proposed anti‐jamming system selects a suitable strategy based on channel availability and jammer type. When channel availability is high, the interaction between cognitive radio and jammer is modelled using hidden Markov process, but when it is low, evolutionary game theory (EGT) is used. Furthermore, in the case of responsive jammer, a distraction strategy is incorporated to deceive the jammer, but Nash equilibrium is attained while dealing with mixed strategy of non‐responsive jammer. The simulation results show that the proposed EGT‐based anti‐jamming system increases the throughput of system while decreasing the probability of bit error at least by 2% compared to the existing Stackelberg game approach.
A survey for low-mass stellar and substellar members of the Hyades open cluster
Authors: Melnikov Stanislav , Eislöffel Jochen
Published: December 2017

Context. Unlike young open clusters (with ages < 250 Myr), the Hyades cluster (age ~ 600 Myr) has a clear deficit of very low-mass stars (VLM) and brown dwarfs (BD). Since this open cluster has a low stellar density and covers several tens of square degrees on the sky, extended surveys are required to improve the statistics of the VLM/BD objects in the cluster.

Aim. We search for new VLM stars and BD candidates in the Hyades cluster to improve the present-day cluster mass function down to substellar masses.

Methods. An imaging survey of the Hyades with a completeness limit of 21.m5 in the R band and 20.m5 in the I band was carried out with the 2k × 2k CCD Schmidt camera at the 2 m Alfred Jensch Telescope in Tautenburg. We performed a photometric selection of the cluster member candidates by combining results of our survey with 2MASS JHKs photometry

Results. We present a photometric and proper motion survey covering 23.4 deg2 in the Hyades cluster core region. Using optical/IR colour-magnitude diagrams, we identify 66 photometric cluster member candidates in the magnitude range 14.m7 < I < 20.m5. The proper motion measurements are based on several all-sky surveys with an epoch difference of 60–70 yr for the bright objects. The proper motions allowed us to discriminate the cluster members from field objects and resulted in 14 proper motion members of the Hyades. We rediscover Hy 6 as a proper motion member and classify it as a substellar object candidate (BD) based on the comparison of the observed colour-magnitude diagram with theoretical model isochrones.

Conclusions. With our results, the mass function of the Hyades continues to be shallow below ~0.15 M⊙ indicating that the Hyades have probably lost their lowest mass members by means of dynamical evolution. We conclude that the Hyades core represents the “VLM/BD desert” and that most of the substeller objects may have already left the volume of the cluster.
Gravity darkening in late-type stars
Authors: Raynaud R. , Rieutord M. , Petitdemange L. , Gastine T. , Putigny B.
Published: December 2017

Context.Recent interferometric data have been used to constrain the brightness distribution at the surface of nearby stars, in particular the so-called gravity darkening that makes fast rotating stars brighter at their poles than at their equator. However, good models of gravity darkening are missing for stars that posses a convective envelope.

Aim.In order to better understand how rotation affects the heat transfer in stellar convective envelopes, we focus on the heat flux distribution in latitude at the outer surface of numerical models.

Methods.We carry out a systematic parameter study of three-dimensional, direct numerical simulations of anelastic convection in rotating spherical shells. As a first step, we neglect the centrifugal acceleration and retain only the Coriolis force. The fluid instability is driven by a fixed entropy drop between the inner and outer boundaries where stress-free boundary conditions are applied for the velocity field. Restricting our investigations to hydrodynamical models with a thermal Prandtl number fixed to unity, we consider both thick and thin (solar-like) shells, and vary the stratification over three orders of magnitude. We measure the heat transfer efficiency in terms of the Nusselt number, defined as the output luminosity normalised by the conductive state luminosity.

Results.We report diverse Nusselt number profiles in latitude, ranging from brighter (usually at the onset of convection) to darker equator and uniform profiles. We find that the variations of the surface brightness are mainly controlled by the surface value of the local Rossby number: when the Coriolis force dominates the dynamics, the heat flux is weakened in the equatorial region by the zonal wind and enhanced at the poles by convective motions inside the tangent cylinder. In the presence of a strong background density stratification however, as expected in real stars, the increase of the local Rossby number in the outer layers leads to uniformisation of the surface heat flux distribution.
Boostream: a dynamic fluid flow process to assemble nanoparticles at liquid interface
Authors: Delléa Olivier , Lebaigue Olivier
Published: December 2017

CEA-LITEN develops an original process called Boostream® to manipulate, assemble and connect micro- or nanoparticles of various materials, sizes, shapes and functions to obtain monolayer colloidal crystals (MCCs). This process uses the upper surface of a liquid film flowing down a ramp to assemble particles in a manner that is close to the horizontal situation of a Langmuir–Blodgett film construction. In presence of particles at the liquid interface, the film down-flow configuration exhibits an unusual hydraulic jump which results from the fluid flow accommodation to the particle monolayer. In order to master our process, the fluid flow has been modeled and experimentally characterized by optical means, such as with the moiré technique that consists in observing the reflection of a succession of periodic black-and-red fringes on the liquid surface mirror. The fringe images are deformed when reflected by the curved liquid surface associated with the hydraulic jump, the fringe deformation being proportional to the local slope of the surface. This original experimental setup allowed us to get the surface profile in the jump region and to measure it along with the main process parameters (liquid flow rate, slope angle, temperature sensitive fluid properties such as dynamic viscosity or surface tension, particle sizes). This work presents the experimental setup and its simple model, the different experimental characterization techniques used and will focus on the way the hydraulic jump relies on the process parameters.
Ni-Catalyzed Formal Carbonyl-Ene Reaction of Terminal Alkenes via Carbon Dioxide Insertion
Authors: Kimura Masanari , Mori Yasuyuki , Shigeno Chieko , Luo Ying , Chan Bun , Onodera Gen
Published: December 2017

Nickel catalyzes the multicomponent coupling reaction of terminal alkenes, carbon dioxide, and organoaluminum reagents, leading to the synthesis of homoallylic alcohols in moderate-to-good yields with excellent regio- and stereoselectivities.
Pulgarización del índice en el tratamiento de la hipoplasia de pulgar - técnica quirúrgica
Authors: Mendez Manuel , Concha Elias , Parot Catalina , Carrasco Marcia
Published: December 2017

La pulgarización del dedo índice permite reconstruir la pinza de la mano. Fue ampliamente realizada para una reconstrucción de una pérdida de pulgar en condiciones de trauma. Sin embargo, hoy por hoy, es la técnica de elección para las hipoplasias congénitas de pulgar. En los niños permite crear una pinza, especialmente para objetos grandes y entrega una apariencia más normal de la mano. Es una técnica demandante, pero con pasos que están bien definidos y perfeccionados, que al ser realizados de forma cuidadosa, reducen al mínimo sus complicaciones.
Use of a Multivector Mandibular Distractor for Treatment of Pediatric Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Pilon Fractures: A Case-Based Review
Authors: Pedreira Rachel , Cho Brian , Geer Angela , DeJesus Ramon
Published: December 2017

Background The difficulties in surgical treatment of pilon fractures of the finger include fragment reconstitution and posthealing stiffness. In adults, external fixation with traction and early active range of motion (AROM)/passive range of motion (PROM) during healing is considered necessary for avoiding joint stiffness and attaining realignment. The authors present a unique approach to pediatric pilon fractures that uses open reduction and multivector external fixation with delayed AROM/PROM. Initial immobilization and significant traction allowed for joint realignment and prevented noncompliance with staged distraction. The authors believe this immobilization leads to a superior outcome because, unlike adults, children tend to avoid stiffness and a larger distraction force allowed for sufficient joint realignment to regain range of motion (ROM).

Methods A right-handed 13-year-old boy sustained a right ring finger fracture and presented 12 days later. Radiographs revealed a comminuted Salter-Harris 4 fracture of the middle phalanx. The patient underwent open reduction and placement of multivector external fixation using a pediatric mandibular distractor/fixator. Significant traction was applied to distract the finger to length.

Results Hardware was removed 6 weeks postoperatively and AROM was initiated after splinting. The patient started PROM 8 weeks postoperatively. Strengthening was initiated 2 weeks later. ROM improved and rehabilitation was continued. The patient exhibited nearly equal grip strength 12 weeks postoperatively. At 14 months follow-up, radiographs showed complete healing and joint realignment. There was no deformity or pain and finger length was restored.

Conclusion Management of pediatric pilon fractures is rarely described and presents unique considerations. Early-stage traction and immobilization using a multivector mandibular fixator/distractor is suitable in a child because noncompliance is avoided and there is a decreased risk for stiffness. Combining early immobilization with subsequent-staged AROM, PROM, and strengthening resulted in no loss of ROM and maintained articular symmetry.
1.2 Cation–π Cyclizations of Epoxides and Polyepoxides
Authors: Armbrust K. W. , Halkina T. , Kelley E. H. , Sittihan S. , Jamison T.
Published: December 2017

This chapter describes the formation of complex polycyclic fragments from linear epoxide and polyepoxide precursors via domino reactions. Depending on the reaction conditions employed, either exo or endo epoxide opening can be selectively achieved. Applications of these domino reactions toward the synthesis of complex natural products are discussed.
1.6.2 Dirhodium-Catalyzed Domino Reactions
Authors: Xu X. , Truong P. , Doyle M. P.
Published: December 2017

With dirhodium carbenes generated from diazocarbonyl compounds, 1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles, or cyclopropenes, a subsequent intramolecular cyclization forms a reactive intermediate that undergoes a further transformation that usually terminates the reaction process. Commonly, the electrophilic dirhodium carbene adds intramolecularly to a C≡C bond to provide a second rhodium carbene. Catalytically generated dirhodium-bound nitrenes initiate domino reactions analogously, and recent examples (nitrene to carbene to product) have also been documented.
Effects of deposition temperature on the electrical properties of Ti/SiC Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Oder Tom N. , Kundeti Krishna C. , Borucki Nicholas , Isukapati Sundar B.
Published: December 2017

Ti Schottky contacts were deposited on n-type 4H-SiC at different temperatures ranging from 28 oC to 900 oC using a magnetron sputtering deposition system to fabricate Schottky barrier diodes. Post deposition annealing at 500 oC for up to 60 hours in vacuum was carried to further improve the contact properties. Optimum barrier height of 1.13 eV and ideality factor of 1.04 was obtained in contacts deposited at 200 oC and annealed for 60 hours. Under a reverse voltage bias of 400 V, the average leakage current on these set of diodes was 6.6 x 10-8 A. Based on the x-ray diffraction analysis, TiC, Ti5Si3 and Ti3SiC2 were formed at the Ti/SiC interface. These results could be beneficial to improving the performance of 4H-SiC Schottky diodes for high power and high temperature applications.
Conservative algorithms for non-Maxwellian plasma kinetics
Authors: Le Hai P. , Cambier Jean-Luc
Published: December 2017

We present a numerical model and a set of conservative algorithms for Non-Maxwellian plasma kinetics with inelastic collisions. These algorithms self-consistently solve for the time evolution of an isotropic electron energy distribution function interacting with an atomic state distribution function of an arbitrary number of levels through collisional excitation, deexcitation, as well as ionization and recombination. Electron-electron collisions, responsible for thermalization of the electron distribution, are also included in the model. The proposed algorithms guarantee mass/charge and energy conservation in a single step, and is applied to the case of non-uniform gridding of the energy axis in the phase space of the electron distribution function. Numerical test cases are shown to demonstrate the accuracy of the method and its conservation properties.
Nonlinear verification of a linear critical gradient model for energetic particle transport by Alfvén eigenmodes
Authors: Bass E. M. , Waltz R. E.
Published: December 2017

A “stiff transport” critical gradient model of energetic particle (EP) transport by EP-driven Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) is verified against local nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of a well-studied beam-heated DIII-D discharge 146102. A greatly simplifying linear “recipe” for the limiting EP-density gradient (critical gradient) is considered here. In this recipe, the critical gradient occurs when the local AE linear growth rate, driven mainly by the EP gradient, exceeds the ion temperature gradient (ITG) or the trapped electron mode (TEM) growth rate, driven by the thermal plasma gradient, at the same toroidal mode number (n) as the AE peak growth, well below the ITG/TEM peak n. This linear recipe for the critical gradient is validated against the critical gradient determined from far more expensive local nonlinear simulations in the gyrokinetic code GYRO, as identified by the point of transport runaway when all driving gradients are held fixed. The reduced linear model is extended to include the stabilization from local equilibrium E × B velocity shear. The nonlinear verification unambiguously endorses one of two alternative recipes proposed in the study by Waltz et al. [Nucl. Fusion 55, 123012 (2015)]: the EP-driven AE growth rate should be determined with rather than without an added thermal plasma drive.
Electric potential profile created by end electrodes in a magnetized rf discharge plasma
Authors: Liziakin Gennadii , Gavrikov Andrey , Usmanov Ravil , Timirkhanov Rinat , Smirnov Valentin
Published: December 2017

The problem of generating a stationary electric field in a magnetized radio-frequency discharge (rf) plasma is studied experimentally. Helmholtz coils produce magnetic field in a cylindrical vacuum chamber with diameter of 85.6 cm and length of 220 cm. RF discharge is generated at a frequency of ∼ 5 MHz. The rf power absorbed by plasma lies in the range 0.5-1.5 kW. Electrodes defining a negative potential are placed at the ends of the chamber. Two pairs of circular flat electrodes with diameter of 5.5 and 45 cm are investigated. The working gas is argon. Radial profiles of electron density and temperature are obtained. Radial profile of the plasma potential is investigated, as well as the dependence of plasma potential on the voltage applied to the end-electrodes.
Electrical and optical characteristics of surface plasma actuator based on a three-electrode geometry excited by nanosecond-pulse and DC sources
Authors: Kong Fei , Wang Yang , Zhang Cheng , Che Xueke , Yan Ping , Shao Tao
Published: December 2017

Plasma actuator based on surface dielectric barrier discharge for active flow control has been widely investigated due to broad application prospects. In order to obtain extensive surface plasma, a plasma actuator based on a three-electrode structure sustained by nanosecond-pulse and DC sources is investigated. In this paper, the correlation between actuator parameters (especially in DC source polarity) and discharge characteristics is presented. The experimental results show that the plasma length is extended up to the third electrode due to a sliding discharge induced by a negative DC voltage. The negative DC voltage has a significant effect on the discharge current and propagation velocity of the slide discharge. Compared to the negative DC voltage, the plasma actuator with a positive DC voltage is difficult to induce a sliding discharge. Moreover, the spectrum characteristics, pressure wave, and vortex characteristics are investigated by means of time-resolved spectrum and schlieren visualization, respectively. The vortex characteristics indicate that the sliding discharge at a negative DC voltage induces two jets in opposite directions. However, the vortex characteristics with a positive DC voltage show that the air flow can be induced closer to the dielectric surface than those with a negative DC voltage. It is because a larger perturbation region in the case of positive DC voltage is beneficial to jet acceleration and thus enhances the flow control capability.
Electrical transport and optical band gap of NiFe2Ox thin films
Authors: Bougiatioti Panagiota , Manos Orestis , Klewe Christoph , Meier Daniel , Teichert Niclas , Schmalhorst Jan-Michael , Kuschel Timo , Reiss Günter
Published: December 2017

We fabricated NiFe2Ox thin films on MgAl2O4(001) by reactive dc magnetron co-sputtering varying the oxygen partial pressure. The fabrication of a material with a variable oxygen deficiency leads to controllable electrical and optical properties which are beneficial for the investigations of the transport phenomena and could, therefore, promote the use of such materials in spintronic and spin caloritronic applications. We used several characterization techniques to investigate the film properties, focusing on their structural, magnetic, electrical, and optical properties. From the electrical resistivity, we obtained the conduction mechanisms that govern the systems in the high and low temperature regimes. We further extracted low thermal activation energies which unveil extrinsic transport mechanisms. The thermal activation energy decreases in the less oxidized samples revealing the pronounced contribution of a large amount of electronic states localized in the band gap to the electrical conductivity. The Hall coefficient is negative and decreases with increasing conductivity as expected for n-type conduction, while the Hall- and the drift mobilities show a large difference. The optical band gaps were determined via ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. They follow a similar trend as the thermal activation energies, with lower band gap values in the less oxidized samples.
Simple method to measure the refractive index of liquid with graduated cylinder and beaker
Authors: An Yu-Kuan
Published: December 2017

A simple method is introduced to measure the refractive index (RI) of a liquid with an experimental device composed of a graduated cylinder and a beaker which are coaxial. A magnified image of the graduated cylinder is formed as the liquid is poured into the beaker. Optical path analysis indicates that the RI of the liquid is equal to the product of the image’s diameter magnification and the RI of air, irrelevant to the beaker. Theoretically, the RI measurement range is unlimited and the liquid dosage could be small as well. The device is used to carry out experiments by means of both the photographic method and telescope method to measure RIs of three kinds of liquids. The results show that the measured RIs all fit their published values well.
Generalization of the swelling method to measure the intrinsic curvature of lipids
Authors: Barragán Vidal I. A. , Müller M.
Published: December 2017

Via computer simulation of a coarse-grained model of two-component lipid bilayers, we compare two methods of measuring the intrinsic curvatures of the constituting monolayers. The first one is a generalization of the swelling method that, in addition to the assumption that the spontaneous curvature linearly depends on the composition of the lipid mixture, incorporates contributions from its elastic energy. The second method measures the effective curvature-composition coupling between the apposing leaflets of bilayer structures (planar bilayers or cylindrical tethers) to extract the spontaneous curvature. Our findings demonstrate that both methods yield consistent results. However, we highlight that the two-leaflet structure inherent to the latter method has the advantage of allowing measurements for mixed lipid systems up to their critical point of demixing as well as in the regime of high concentration (of either species).
Evaluation of magnetomechanical conversion efficiencies in magnetoelectric gyrators
Authors: Zhuang X. , Leung C. M. , Li J. , Viehland D.
Published: December 2017

Magnetomechanical conversion abilities of several Nickel, Metglas and Terfenol-D were investigated by using a constructed magnetic power path with two winding coils. We characterized the magnetostriction efficiency as a function of power density with the optimal load resistor and magnetic bias. We found a high magnetomechanical conversion efficiency of 95% and 90% under low power drive for a Metglas layer and a Metglas/Pb(ZrXTi1-X)O3 composite, respectively.
Controlling and patterning the effective magnetization in Y3Fe5O12 thin films using ion irradiation
Authors: Ruane W. T. , White S. P. , Brangham J. T. , Meng K. Y. , Pelekhov D. V. , Yang F. Y. , Hammel P. C.
Published: December 2017

We report an approach to controlling the effective magnetization (Meff), a combination of the saturation magnetization and uniaxial anisotropy, of the ferrimagnet Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) using different species of ions: He+ and Ga+. The effective magnetization can be tuned as a function of the fluence, with He + providing the largest effect. We quantified the change in effective magnetization through an angular dependence of the ferromagnetic resonance before and after irradiation. Increases in 4πMeff were observed to be as much as 400 G with only a 15% increase in Gilbert damping, α (from 8.2e-4 to 9.4e-4). This result was combined with a method for accurate ion pattering, a focused ion beam, providing a mechanism for shaping the magnetic environment with submicron precision. We observe resonance modes localized by ion patterning of micron-sized dots, whose resonances match well with micromagnetic simulations. This technique offers a flexible tool for precision nanoscale control and characterization of the magnetic properties of YIG.
Numerical analysis of fractional MHD Maxwell fluid with the effects of convection heat transfer condition and viscous dissipation
Authors: Bai Yu , Jiang Yuehua , Liu Fawang , Zhang Yan
Published: December 2017

This paper investigates the incompressible fractional MHD Maxwell fluid due to a power function accelerating plate with the first order slip, and the numerical analysis on the flow and heat transfer of fractional Maxwell fluid has been done. Moreover the deformation motion of fluid micelle is simply analyzed. Nonlinear velocity equation are formulated with multi-term time fractional derivatives in the boundary layer governing equations, and convective heat transfer boundary condition and viscous dissipation are both taken into consideration. A newly finite difference scheme with L1-algorithm of governing equations are constructed, whose convergence is confirmed by the comparison with analytical solution. Numerical solutions for velocity and temperature show the effects of pertinent parameters on flow and heat transfer of fractional Maxwell fluid. It reveals that the fractional derivative weakens the effects of motion and heat conduction. The larger the Nusselt number is, the greater the heat transfer capacity of fluid becomes, and the temperature gradient at the wall becomes more significantly. The lower Reynolds number enhances the viscosity of the fluid because it is the ratio of the viscous force and the inertia force, which resists the flow and heat transfer.
Default neglect in attempts at social influence
Authors: Zlatev Julian J. , Daniels David P. , Kim Hajin , Neale Margaret A.
Published: December 2017

Significance

While a great deal is known about how people respond to influence tactics that are used on them, almost nothing is known about whether people understand these tactics and strategically use them to influence others. We examine whether people are successful at using the default effect, a widely studied bias with special policy relevance, to influence others’ choices. Overall, we find that managers, law/business/medical students, and US adults often fail to understand and/or use defaults, with some interesting exceptions. These findings suggest that the scope for improving social welfare via behavioral policy interventions is vast.
Adaptors and the turn-taking mechanism
Authors: Żywiczyński Przemysław , Wacewicz Sławomir , Orzechowski Sylwester
Published: December 2017

Turn-taking – the coordinated and efficient transition between the roles of sender and receiver in communication – is a fundamental property of conversational interaction. The turn-taking mechanism depends on a variety of linguistic factors related to syntax, semantics and prosody, which have recently been subject to vigorous research. This contrasts with the relative lack of studies on nonverbal visual signals and cues that can be involved in taking turns at talking. In this paper, we consider the relation between turn-transitions and adaptors: a class of nonverbal behaviors prototypically involving touching one’s own body or manipulating external objects. We recorded 10 semi-scripted conversations between a total of 12 subjects and annotated the material for discrete adaptors and turn borders. We found that participants produced discrete adaptors significantly more frequently close to floor transfers (turn borders). Our result goes against the long-standing tradition of interpreting adaptors as unrelated to speech and, more generally, communicative interaction.
An enunciative account of admirativity in Bulgarian
Authors: Guentchéva Zlatka
Published: December 2017

In this paper, I will discuss the status of the so-called admirative in the Bulgarian grammatical system, with special focus on its relation to the perfect, evidentiality and inferentiality. I will argue that admirative constructions in Bulgarian are better analyzed within the framework of the strict theory of enunciation (Bally, Benveniste, Culioli, Desclés…). In the first part of this paper, I will focus on the morphological patterns specific to Bulgarian and discuss the semantics of the phenomenon. I will also survey other analyses of the issue. In the second part, I will demonstrate that the surprise expressed by admirative constructions, marked by exclamatory intonation and clearly identified by context, exclamatory particles and interjections, results from the discrepancy between what is expected and what is observed.
Soybean amplifies the hypohomocysteinemic effect of betaine and improves its hypercholesterolemic effect
Authors: Shimada Ryoko , Ebihara Kiyoshi
Published: December 2017

We examined whether soybean (SB) and soy protein isolate (SPI) can prevent the betaine-induced elevation of plasma cholesterol as well as maintain the betaine-induced reduction of plasma Hcy concentration. Rats were fed casein-, SB-, or SPI-based diet with or without betaine; SPI-based diet with betaine containing soybean fiber (SF) or soy lecithin (SL) or the combination of SF and SL. Plasma Hcy concentration was decreased by feeding betaine to rats fed the casein-, SB-, and SPI-based diets. Betaine-induced elevation of plasma cholesterol was decreased by feeding the SB-based diet compared with the casein-based diet, but was not decreased by feeding the SPI-based diet. In rats fed the SPI-based diet, the increased concentration of plasma cholesterol by betaine feeding was not prevented by independent addition of SL or SF, but was prevented by a combination of SL and SF, and was associated with increased fecal excretion of bile acids.
Synthetic studies on optically active furofuran and diarylbutane lignans*
Authors: Mori Naoki
Published: December 2017

Lignans are a large class of naturally occurring secondary metabolites which are widely spread within the plant kingdom. Their diverse structures and variety of biological activities have fascinated organic chemists. For synthesizing optically active lignans, we have developed the novel asymmetric dimerization of cinnamic acid derivatives, and applied it to the enantioselective syntheses of furofuran lignans (yangambin, sesamin, eudesmin, caruilignan A) and diarylbutane lignans (sauriols A and B). This review summarizes the methodology of our asymmetric dimerization of cinnamic acid derivatives, and efficient total syntheses of furofuran and diarylbutane lignans reported by our and other groups.
Direct and indirect relationships of physical fitness, weight status, and learning duration to academic performance in Japanese schoolchildren
Authors: Ishihara Toru , Morita Noriteru , Nakajima Toshihiro , Okita Koichi , Yamatsu Koji , Sagawa Masato
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine, using structural equation modelling (SEM), the direct and indirect influence of daily behaviours (i.e. exercise/learning durations), weight status, and physical fitness on academic performance among seventh‐grade schoolchildren, after controlling for socioeconomic status. We analysed cross‐sectional data from 274 schoolchildren (159 males and 115 females; 12–13 years old). Academic performance was assessed using the total grade points in eight academic subjects. Physical fitness was evaluated using the total score of eight physical fitness tests and weight status using body mass index. The daily behaviours and socioeconomic status were assessed by the questionnaire. The SEM showed an adequate fit to the data (χ2 = 0.684, p = .710, RMSEA = .000). Physical fitness and learning durations had direct effects on academic performance (β = .301, p < .001; β = .132, p = .037, respectively) after controlling for confounders. Healthy weight status and exercise habits positively indirectly influenced academic performance via physical fitness. These findings suggest that, independent of socioeconomic status and learning durations, exercise habits and maintaining healthy weight status may indirectly contribute to academic success via better physical fitness in children.
Quantifying the effects of acute hypoxic exposure on exercise performance and capacity: A systematic review and meta‐regression
Authors: Deb Sanjoy K. , Brown Daniel R. , Gough Lewis A. , McLellan Christopher P. , Swinton Paul A. , Andy Sparks S. , McNaughton Lars R.
Published: December 2017

Objective: To quantify the effects of acute hypoxic exposure on exercise capacity and performance, which includes continuous and intermittent forms of exercise. Design: A systematic review was conducted with a three‐level mixed effects meta‐regression. The ratio of means method was used to evaluate main effects and moderators providing practical interpretations with percentage change. Data sources: A systemic search was performed using three databases (Google scholar, PubMed and SPORTDiscus). Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: Inclusion was restricted to investigations that assessed exercise performance (time trials (TTs), sprint and intermittent exercise tests) and capacity (time to exhaustion test, TTE) with acute hypoxic (<24 h) exposure and a normoxic comparator. Results: Eighty‐two outcomes from 53 studies (N = 798) were included in this review. The results show an overall reduction in exercise performance/capacity −17.8 ± 3.9% (95% CI −22.8% to −11.0%), which was significantly moderated by −6.5 ± 0.9% per 1000 m altitude elevation (95% CI −8.2% to −4.8%) and oxygen saturation (−2.0 ± 0.4%; 95% CI −2.9% to −1.2%). TT (−16.2 ± 4.3%; 95% CI −22.9% to −9%) and TTE (−44.5 ± 6.9%; 95% CI −51.3% to −36.7%) elicited a negative effect, whilst indicating a quadratic relationship between hypoxic magnitude and both TTE and TT performance. Furthermore, exercise less than 2 min exhibited no ergolytic effect from acute hypoxia.

Summary/Conclusion: This review highlights the ergolytic effect of acute hypoxic exposure, which is curvilinear for TTE and TT performance with increasing hypoxic levels, but short duration intermittent and sprint exercise seem to be unaffected.
p37/UBXN2B regulates spindle orientation by limiting cortical NuMA recruitment via PP1/Repo-Man
Authors: Lee Byung Ho , Schwager Francoise , Meraldi Patrick , Gotta Monica
Published: December 2017

Spindle orientation determines the axis of division and is crucial for cell fate, tissue morphogenesis, and the development of an organism. In animal cells, spindle orientation is regulated by the conserved Gαi–LGN–NuMA complex, which targets the force generator dynein–dynactin to the cortex. In this study, we show that p37/UBXN2B, a cofactor of the p97 AAA ATPase, regulates spindle orientation in mammalian cells by limiting the levels of cortical NuMA. p37 controls cortical NuMA levels via the phosphatase PP1 and its regulatory subunit Repo-Man, but it acts independently of Gαi, the kinase Aurora A, and the phosphatase PP2A. Our data show that in anaphase, when the spindle elongates, PP1/Repo-Man promotes the accumulation of NuMA at the cortex. In metaphase, p37 negatively regulates this function of PP1, resulting in lower cortical NuMA levels and correct spindle orientation.
Rhombic tilings and Bott–Samelson varieties
Authors: Escobar Laura , Pechenik Oliver , Tenner Bridget , Yong Alexander
Published: December 2017

S. Elnitsky (1997) gave an elegant bijection between rhombic tilings of

2
n

2n

-gons and commutation classes of reduced words in the symmetric group on

n
n

letters. P. Magyar (1998) found an important construction of the Bott–Samelson varieties introduced by H. C. Hansen (1973) and M. Demazure (1974). We explain a natural connection between S. Elnitsky’s and P. Magyar’s results. This suggests using tilings to encapsulate Bott–Samelson data (in type

A
A

). It also indicates a geometric perspective on S. Elnitsky’s bijection. We also extend this construction by assigning desingularizations of Schubert varieties to the zonotopal tilings considered by B. Tenner (2006).
A pointwise approach to rigidity of almost graphical self-shrinking solutions of mean curvature flows
Authors: Li Dongsheng , Xu Yingfeng , Yuan Yu
Published: December 2017

We prove rigidity of any properly immersed noncompact Lagrangian shrinker with single valued Lagrangian angle for Lagrangian mean curvature flows. Our pointwise approach also provides an elementary proof to the known rigidity results for graphical and almost graphical shrinkers of mean curvature flows.
Handle decompositions of rational homology balls and Casson–Gordon invariants
Authors: Aceto Paolo , Golla Marco , Lecuona Ana
Published: December 2017

Given a rational homology sphere which bounds rational homology balls, we investigate the complexity of these balls as measured by the number of 1-handles in a handle decomposition. We use Casson–Gordon invariants to obtain lower bounds which also lead to lower bounds on the fusion number of ribbon knots. We use Levine–Tristram signatures to compute these bounds and produce explicit examples.
Counterexamples on spectra of sign patterns
Authors: Shitov Yaroslav
Published: December 2017

An

n
×
n

n\times n

sign pattern

S
S

, which is a matrix with entries

0
,
+
,
−

0,+,-

, is called spectrally arbitrary if any monic real polynomial of degree

n
n

can be realized as a characteristic polynomial of a matrix obtained by replacing the nonzero elements of

S
S

by numbers of the corresponding signs. A sign pattern

S
S

is said to be a superpattern of those matrices that can be obtained from

S
S

by replacing some of the nonzero entries by zeros. We develop a new technique that allows us to prove spectral arbitrariness of sign patterns for which the previously known Nilpotent Jacobian method does not work. Our approach leads us to solutions of numerous open problems known in the literature. In particular, we provide an example of a sign pattern

S
S

and its superpattern

S
′

S’

such that

S
S

is spectrally arbitrary but

S
′

S’

is not, disproving a conjecture proposed in 2000 by Drew, Johnson, Olesky, and van den Driessche.
On singular limit equations for incompressible fluids in moving thin domains
Authors: Miura Tatsu-Hiko
Published: December 2017

We consider the incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations in a three-dimensional moving thin domain. Under the assumption that the moving thin domain degenerates into a two-dimensional moving closed surface as the width of the thin domain goes to zero, we give a heuristic derivation of singular limit equations on the degenerate moving surface of the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations in the moving thin domain and investigate relations between their energy structures. We also compare the limit equations with the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations on a stationary manifold, which are described in terms of the Levi-Civita connection.
High-speed superresolution imaging of the proteins in fission yeast clathrin-mediated endocytic actin patches
Authors: Arasada Rajesh , Sayyad Wasim A. , Berro Julien , Pollard Thomas D.
Published: December 2017

High-speed superresolution localization microscopy shows that actin filaments assemble in two zones in Schizosaccharomyces pombe actin patches, one around the base of the membrane invagination and another ~200 nm deeper into the cytoplasm. Both zones of actin filaments are important for elongation of the endocytic tubule and membrane scission