bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phased Array Ultrasonic Test Signal Enhancement and Classification Using Empirical Wavelet Transform And Deep Convolution Neural Network
Authors: J.C Jayasudha , S Lalithakumari
Published: September 2021

In the recent past, Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) has become a most popular technology due to its efficiency and accuracy without destroying the object and maintains its original structure and gathering while examining external and internal welding defects. Generally, the NDT environment is harmful which is distinguished by huge volatile fields of electromagnetic, elevated radiation emission instability and elevated heat. Therefore, a suitable NDT approach could be recognized and practiced. In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed based on Phased array ultrasonic test (PAUT) for NDT in order to attain the proper test attributes. In the proposed methodology, carbon steel welding section is synthetically produced with various defects and tested using PAUT method. The signals acquired from PAUT device is found with noise interference. The Adaptive Least Mean Square (ALMS) filter is proposed to filter PAUT signal in order to eliminate random noise and Gaussian noise. The ALMS filter is the combination of low pass filter (LPF), high pass filter (HPF) and band pass filter (BPF). The time domain PAUT signal is converted into frequency domain signal in order to extract more number of features by applying Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT) algorithm. In the frequency domain signal, 1st order and 2nd order features extraction techniques are applied to extract various features for further classification. The Deep Learning methodology is proposed for classification PAUT signals. Based on the PAUT signal features, the Deep Convolution Neural Network (DCNN) is applied for further classification. The DCNN will classify the welding signal is whether it is defective or non-defective. The Confusion Matrix (CM) is used for estimation of measurement of performance of classification as calculating accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The experiments prove that out proposed methodology for PAUT testing for welding defect classification is obtained more accurately and efficiently across existing methodologies by providing numerical and graphical results.
Imagining Refugees in Spanish Children’s Books
Authors: Garcia-González Macarena
Published: September 2021

Beginning of the article:
There are very few Spanish books with narratives about people who have been forced to leave their countries. Amongst the numerous books recommended for children under 13 by the Fundación Germán Sánchez Ruiperez, a prestigious institution in reading promotion based in Madrid, I could identify only four stories originally published in Spain —either written in Spanish or in another of the official languages such as Basque or Catalan—, in which a character features who could be classified as a refugee in a Western country. In this article I will explore these stories.
Sich ein Bild von der Flucht machen (können)?
Authors: Von Dall’ Armi Julia
Published: September 2021

Artikelbeginn:
Flucht und Migration erzeugen ein die Lebenswelt vieler berührendes, aber zumeist temporäres kulturelles Begegnungsszenario, das im kollektiven Gedächtnis einer Gesellschaft nicht selten literarisch verankert wird. Bedingt durch das aktuelle weltpolitische Geschehen nimmt deshalb insbesondere die »Migrationsliteratur« (Rösch 2001, S. 8) einen großen Raum ein. Im Gegensatz zur »Migrantenliteratur« (ebd., S. 5) erweist sich jene zumeist als unabhängig von der Herkunft der Autoren, wenngleich auch sie sich mit Migrationsprozessen und -themen beschäftigt.
Vom Sprechen und Gehörtwerden
Authors: Schenker Ina
Published: September 2021

Artikelbeginn:
Wer spricht wie über wen? Diese Frage wird im Folgenden an die dokumentarischen Kinderhörspiele Kinder auf der Flucht, damals und heute (2015) und Jeden Tag ein bisschen ankommen. Flüchtlingskinder in einer Dortmunder Willkommensklasse (2015) als Erzählformen über Migration und Flucht, die repräsentative und identitätsstiftende Angebote machen, gestellt. An diesen Aspekten setzen kritische Fragen nach der Möglichkeit der Artikulation von Kindern als GestalterInnen postmigrantischen Zusammenlebens an. Dabei wird speziell in den Blick genommen, ob und wie Kinder als bevormundete Personen, die darüber hinaus durch den Status geflüchtet markiert sind, einer doppelten Herausforderung des Sprechens und Gehörtwerdens begegnen. Der Fokus der Untersuchung richtet sich darauf, wie in den Radiogeschichten das Verhältnis von Originalton-Material und personifizierter Erzählinstanz gestaltet ist, welche definierenden Konzepte und Begriffe zum Einsatz kommen und wo sich subversive Erzählmomente finden lassen.
Gewehre aus Holzlatten. Vater und Sohn – zwei Zeichner, zwei Profile
Authors: Wegmann Ute , Waechter Philip
Published: September 2021

Philip Waechter im Gespräch mit Ute Wegmann
Rebel with a Cause
Authors: Van Lierop-Debrauwer Helma
Published: September 2021

The rebellious spirit of 1968 was characterised, among other things, by a strong aversion to authority of any form. In Dutch children’s literature, this spirit is personified by the author Miep Diekmann. From the end of the 1950s until the end of the 1980s, Diekmann contested all kinds of social injustice, both in her children’s books and in her critical work. This article discusses how she challenged the status quo in Dutch children’s literature, firstly through her efforts to improve the cultural status of children’s literature, and secondly through writing books with a different view of the world than the one with which children were then familiar. In interviews, reviews, and discussions with politicians, she successfully appealed for more academic and critical attention for books for young readers. With her children’s books she wanted to make her readers think independently about all kinds of social injustice. Whereas in her first books a tension can be observed between her ambition to make children aware of forms of inequality and her intention to let her reading audience judge for themselves, in her later novels, in particular in De dagen van olim, [The Days of Yore] (1971), she presents social injustice in a way that leaves more to the imagination of her readers.
School for Scandal
Authors: Van Eecke Christophe
Published: September 2021

This article examines three novels by the popular Flemish youth author Gie Laenen, written between 1975 and 1982, in which the theories and practices associated with progressive education in the 1970s are key elements of the narrative. It argues that Laenen, who was convicted in 1973 and again in 2008 of serial sexual abuse of teenage boys, used progressive education as a narrative trope both to suggest to his young readers that close attachments between young boys and adult men were harmless and to provide an exculpatory defence for his own acts. Through narratological analysis and a contextualisation of the novels within the educational culture of the time, the article shows how Laenen – by drawing upon the ideas of progressive education, using these ideas to shape his narratives, and suggesting parallels between himself (as author) and several main characters – effectively appropriated the ideals of progressive education for ulterior purposes to justify his own abusive behaviour.
Rezension: Jürg Fisch, Eigentumsgarantie und Nichtersatzfähigkeit reiner Vermögensschäden
Authors: Schlegel Stefan
Published: September 2021

In seiner Dissertation entwickelt Jürg Fisch die These, die Nichtersatzfähigkeit reiner Vermögensschäden — wie sie von der Rechtsprechung angenommen wird — stelle eine Verletzung der Eigentumsgarantie dar. Die These basiert auf drei Säulen. Erstens auf einem Verständnis der mittelbaren Drittwirkung von Grundrechten, das den Staat zum Schutz auch vor reinen Vermögensschäden verpflichtet. Zweitens auf der Vorstellung, wonach das Schutzobjekt der Eigentumsgarantie vorgesetzlich bestehe und daher das Vermögen an sich schützen müsse. Drittens auf der Überzeugung, dass Haftungsansprüche nicht auszuufern brauchen, wenn reine Vermögensschäden nicht mehr grundsätzlich von der Ersatzfähigkeit ausgeschlossen sind. Diese könnten in differenzierter Weise einer Haftung unterstellt werden. Die Praxis der Nichtersatzfähigkeit reiner Vermögensschäden sei daher unverhältnismässig und damit grundrechtswidrig. Die Arbeit ist von unbeirrbarer dogmatischer Gradlinigkeit und legt gnadenlos und stringent dogmatische Inkohärenzen offen. Ihr wichtigstes Verdienst liegt allerdings darin, dass sie ein grelles Licht auf den Umstand wirft, dass wir über kein Eigentumskonzept verfügen, das einerseits eingestehen kann, dass Eigentum nie «von Natur aus» besteht, und das andererseits dennoch Eigentum auch vor dem Gesetzgeber schützen kann.

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Dans sa thèse, Jürg Fisch développe la théorie selon laquelle la non-réparation du dommage purement économique - telle que supposée par la jurisprudence - constitue une violation de la garantie de propriété. La théorie repose sur trois piliers. Premièrement, sur la compréhension de l'effet horizontal des droits fondamentaux qui oblige l'État à indemniser les dommages purement économiques. Deuxièmement, sur l'idée que l'objet de la protection de la garantie de propriété existe avant la concrétisation législative de celle-ci et doit donc être protégé en tant que tel. Troisièmement, sur la conviction que l’indemnisation de dommages purement économiques ne devrait pas entraîner une augmentation incontrôlable des actions en réparation. Ces dernières pourraient par exemple être soumises à un régime de responsabilité différent. La pratique actuelle consistant à exclure la réparation des dommages purement économiques est donc disproportionnée et contraire aux droits fondamentaux. L'ouvrage se veut d'une grande honnêteté intellectuelle et expose implacablement et rigoureusement les incohérences doctrinales. Son plus grand mérite consiste à mettre en lumière le fait que nous ne disposons pas d'un concept de propriété qui, d'une part, puisse admettre que la propriété n'existe jamais "par nature" et qui, d'autre part, puisse également protéger la propriété contre le législateur.
Suomi Moskovasta nähtynä: Suurvaltapolitiikan, sisällissodan ja vallankumouksen leikkauspisteessä 1920–1930
Authors: Kähönen Aappo
Published: September 2021

The focus of this research is on Finland’s role in Soviet Union’s calculation of its foreign policy between 1920 and 1930. This was the first decade of both Finnish independence and of Soviet power in Russia. This book answers questions about the objectives of Soviet foreign policy in Finland, on the contacts used by the Soviet legation to obtain information, and on how well the Soviets understood Finland’s objectives. People interested in Finland and in Russian perspectives with regards to foreign policy and neighbouring countries will find much new in this book because it relies on formerly unpublished Russian archival material to form the basis for charting Soviet objectives in Finland. The book shows that the Soviets primarily observed Finland in a larger regional context along with other states on its borders in the Baltic Sea region. The global objectives of the revolution and the Soviet Union, but also the domestic political situation in both countries, are reflected on this framework. The period was characterized by forced collectivization in the Soviet Union and, in Finland, by the rise of the right-wing Lapua Movement that emerged at the onset of the Great Depression, laying the foundations for the most severe crisis in the relations during 1929–1930 when the issues surrounding these events destabilized simultaneously the society and political decision-making in both countries.
Sociological Discourse Analysis of the Concept “One Belt, One Road” Context
Authors: Pomozova N. B.
Published: September 2021

From the standpoint of sociological discourse analysis and reflective sociology the article examines the context of the “One Belt, One Road” concept based on some of the speeches of the President of the People’s Republic of China Xi Jinping from 2013 to 2021. Since the first mention of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road by Li Keqiang in 2013, there has been some transformation of the concept, in particular, it was supplemented by an overland economic project, and the name “One Belt, One Road” (Belt and Road) was stuck behind it. The concept has come to be associated with the name of the President of the People’s Republic of China Xi Jinping as its initiator, in whose discourse it sounds quite often. Of particular interest is the analysis of the biographical data of Wang Huning, member of the Standing Committee of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee, who is considered one of the authors of the concept under study and Xi Jinping’s advisers. The academic background, the experience of communicating with the American intellectual elite, as well as the scientific interest in the study of European philosophical concepts led to sociological reflection, which influenced not only the semantic content of the Belt and Road, but also the foreign policy of China as a whole, the priority of which is European.
CU-SIL DENTURE- AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO PRESERVELONE STANDING REMAINING NATURAL TEETH: A CLINICAL CASE REPORT
Authors: Sharma Vineet , Paliwal Jyoti , Bhansali Sumit , Kumar Meena Kamal
Published: September 2021

Cu-sil dentures are a newer type of transitional denture. Cu-sil is the most straightforward and gentle removable partial denture available. Its a tissue-bearing acrylic denture with a soft elastomeric seal that holds the natural tooths neck in place, keeping food and fluids out while cushioning and splinting each natural tooth from the hard acrylic denture base.Cu-sil dentures are made to preserve the alveolar bone by preserving the remaining natural teeth. This case report demonstrates an alternative method for fabricating Cu-sillike dentures.
POSTOPERATIVE PORT-SITE PAIN AFTER GALL BLADDER RETRIEVAL FROM EPIGASTRIC VS UMBILICAL PORT IN LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Ketu Neel , Kumar Santosh , Prakash Prem
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine whether gall bladder (GB) retrieval from umbilical port is associated with more pain at port site as compared to GB retrieval from epigastric port in adult patients undergoing four port elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Adult patients, who were undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy during a six-month period in 2010 at our institute, were randomized to either group A (n = 60, GB retrieval through epigastric port) or group B (n = 60, GB retrieval through umbilical port). VAS for pain was assessed by a registered nurse at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 36 h after surgery. Results: The VAS for pain at umbilical port was less than epigastric port at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 36 h after surgery (5.9 Ã‚Â±1.1 vs. 4.1Ã‚Â± 1.5, 4.6Ã‚Â± 0.94 vs. 3.5Ã‚Â± 1.05, 3.9Ã‚Â± 0.85 vs. 2.4Ã‚Â± 0.79, 3.05Ã‚Â± 0.87 vs. 2.15Ã‚Â± 0.87, respectively) and the difference was statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). Multiple linear regression was done for port site pain at 24 h and the VAS at umblical port was less than epigastric port with VAS difference of 0.9 after adjusting for age, sex, duration of surgery and additional analgesia use (r 2 =0.253, p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: Gall bladder retrieval from umbilical port is associated with lower port site pain than GB retrieval from epigastric port in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We recommend umbilical port for gall bladder retrieval.
Las transiciones en la transición: cambios paradigmáticos en el modelo de reinserción legal, verdad y justicia de los procesos de paz en Colombia (1984-2016)
Authors: Polack Ana , Bonilla Montenegro Julián Darío
Published: September 2021

Este artículo propone un análisis histórico comparativo desde el neoinstitucionalismo discursivo de las características que adoptan los procesos de paz en Colombia con guerrillas de izquierda particularmente y la reflexión sobre cómo generar mejores condiciones de transición luego de finalizado el proceso de negociación y dejación de armas en perspectiva comparada. El núcleo de la reflexión es, por lo tanto, el contexto discursivo que acompaña el problema del retorno a la vida civil y el abandono de la condición de ilegalidad de los exguerrilleros reinsertados y de justicia, verdad y reparación a las víctimas. Se tomó como referencia inicial el modelo de amnistías e indultos generalizados expuesto durante las negociaciones en La Uribe en 1984. Dicho modelo fue transformándose durante las décadas siguientes tanto en Latinoamérica como en Europa y se llegó actualmente a un nuevo contexto discursivo que marcó un sendero diferente en las negociaciones entre el gobierno de Juan Manuel Santos y las Farc. Estas negociaciones finalizaron en noviembre de 2016. Así, el nuevo marco paradigmático internacional obligó a los actores a aplicar estándares de justicia transicional, lo cual significó una innovación en la forma en que se desarrolló este último proceso de paz.
Situación sociopolítica de los campesinos del altiplano del Oriente antioqueño
Authors: Cogollo Ospina Sonia Natalia , Durán Palacio Nicolasa María
Published: September 2021

Las condiciones sociopolíticas de los campesinos los convierten en poblaciones de alta vulnerabilidad en múltiples dimensiones. Su modo de trabajo artesanal no puede competir con los agronegocios que, respaldados por políticas públicas del Estado colombiano, acaparan la producción agrícola. Mediante un estudio cualitativo de tipo microetnográfico, se pretendió comprender cómo las transformaciones políticas y económicas en la subregión del altiplano del Oriente antioqueño han afectado a esta población. Se entrevistaron once campesinos pertenecientes a asociaciones. El análisis gira en torno a tres categorías: el Estado y sus políticas, soberanía alimentaria y asociatividad y, finalmente, el no reconocimiento de los campesinos como sujetos de derechos. Los resultados advierten sobre las preocupaciones respecto al futuro de la alimentación y la tendencia hacia la descampesinización.
De todas maneras, al final estaremos solos: implicaciones futuras de la decisión de no tener hijos
Authors: Hernández Quirama Andrea , Rojas Betancur Hector Mauricio
Published: September 2021

Se propone un análisis desde la decisión autónoma de jóvenes adultos y adultos de no ser madres, ni padres, sobre las implicaciones de esta decisión en su futuro en la etapa de la vejez. El estudio se realizó desde el enfoque cualitativo, fenomenológico, a partir de entrevistas en profundidad con personas residentes en Colombia. Se destaca que la decisión de estas personas transgrede los modelos de reproducción social, impactando en las percepciones sobre familia, reproducción y ciclo vital. Adicionalmente se concluye que la responsabilidad en el cuidado de las personas adultas mayores no puede endilgarse a los hijos y que debe construirse una institucionalidad social robusta para la atención de la vejez.
Compasión, celos y envidia: emociones sociales y Cyberbullying entre adolescentes
Authors: Marín-Cortés Andrés , Palacio Daniela , Medina Jackeline , Carmona Andrés
Published: September 2021

Las emociones cumplen un papel fundamental en la capacidad de acción de los seres humanos, razón por la cual es indispensable estudiarlas para entender los fenómenos sociales contemporáneos en los que participan los adolescentes. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo comprender las experiencias de la compasión, los celos y la envidia de los adolescentes implicados en situaciones de cyberbullying en los roles de espectadores y agresores. Se trata de una investigación con diseño cualitativo en la que se entrevistó a 31 adolescentes entre los 12 y 17 años (M=15,23, DS=1,6) que participaron de situaciones de cyberbullying como espectadores y/o agresores. Los resultados indican que la compasión adquiere la forma de tristeza y rabia, especialmente entre los espectadores de cyberbullying. Por otra parte, los celos son un motivo que justifica la agresión a otros a través de Internet, y una forma de gestionar las tensiones en los vínculos sexo-afectivos. El uso de redes sociales digitales y la participación en escenarios presenciales en los que se disputan posiciones a nivel académico favorece el proceso de comparación social vinculado a la envidia que está en la base del cyberbullying. Finalmente, este estudio es una invitación para padres, docentes e institucionales estatales a que acompañen a los adolescentes a gestionar sus conflictos sin que las agresiones presenciales y online medien en sus interacciones.
Perfil social y económico de los pacientes diagnosticados con trastornos del humor del Hospital Departamental Psiquiátrico Universitario del Valle, Cali
Authors: Sánchez Salcedo José Fernando , Ríos Castañeda Sandra Viviana , Montes Martínez Mateo
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en dar a conocer un perfil social, económico y demográfico de la población registrada con SISBÉN en el Hospital Departamental Psiquiátrico Universitario del Valle (HDPUV) entre el 2009 y el 2018, cuyo diagnóstico se encuentra dentro del grupo de los trastornos del humor (correspondiente al espectro de códigos del CIE-10 que va desde F30 a F39, episodio maníaco, trastorno bipolar, episodio depresivo, trastorno depresivo recurrente, trastorno del humor persistente, otros trastornos del humor,  trastorno del humor sin especificación). Se optó por un trabajo en el que se complementó la información entre las bases de datos del SISBÉN de Cali y la del HDPUV para profundizar en datos sobre pobreza y vulnerabilidad de las personas que son potenciales beneficiarios de programas sociales estatales. Se identificaron 5.280 pacientes diagnosticados con trastornos del humor, en su mayoría mujeres (70,4 %) en condiciones de vulnerabilidad económicas, sociales y de acceso a servicios de salud, que representan otro factor más de riesgo para su salud mental.
El estudio de las emociones desde el giro afectivo a las prácticas y atmósferas afectivas
Authors: Bedoya Dorado Cristian , Molina-Valencia Nelson
Published: September 2021

A partir del giro lingüístico y la conceptualización del lenguaje como constructor de la realidad, se derivaron en las ciencias sociales marcos analíticos para el estudio de las emociones. La psicología discursiva de las emociones tuvo un particular interés por el uso de las emociones en el discurso, y las acciones y efectos que producen en los marcos relacionales. No obstante, lo “discursivo” presentó ciertas limitaciones asociadas a la experiencia física que propiciaron un giro ontológico conocido como el giro afectivo. En este artículo se discuten las implicaciones que tuvo dicho giro en el estudio de las emociones y algunas propuestas subyacentes, las cuales han integrado perspectivas discursivas y de afectos para redefinir la emoción.
Dinámicas familiares: un factor determinante en la reincidencia juvenil de conductas delictivas
Authors: Toro Vélez Sebastian
Published: September 2021

Este artículo da cuenta de la reflexión en torno a las dinámicas familiares como factor asociado a la reincidencia juvenil de conductas delictivas, producto de la investigación realizada en la ciudad de Popayán, Cauca, en el Instituto de Formación Toribio Maya con jóvenes que se encontraban privados de la libertad y que al momento de ser entrevistados hubiesen estado allí más de una vez. Para ello, se empleó una metodología cualitativa, desde el método de la teoría fundamentada, aspecto que permitió el abordaje desde lo cotidiano, entendiendo así sus posturas y particularidades para que, en conjunto con la teoría formal, pudiese develar que el fenómeno abordado es más complejo de lo imaginado.
Abordajes comunitarios en salud mental en el primer nivel de atención: conceptos y prácticas desde una perspectiva integral
Authors: Bang Claudia Lía
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una aproximación conceptual y análisis de prácticas que permitan problematizar la inclusión de estrategias comunitarias en abordajes integrales de salud mental. Desde una perspectiva cualitativa, este escrito es producto de un proceso de articulación conceptual y sistematización derivado de un análisis reflexivo sobre prácticas de salud mental desarrolladas en el primer nivel de atención en la ciudad y provincia de Buenos Aires desde el año 2010. Se reconoce la fragilización de redes comunitarias como una problemática colectiva en salud mental, y se propone a la promoción en salud mental como estrategia central que permite, desde una perceptiva no normativa e integral, el desarrollo de acciones participativas y el fortalecimiento de lazos comunitarios solidarios como recursos colectivos para el cuidado de la salud mental. Se abordan ejes problemáticos relevados en la implementación de dichas prácticas y su relación con una vigente tensión entre los modelos biomédico e integral de atención. Se articulan reflexiones relacionadas a la pandemia por COVID-19, evidenciando una necesidad actual de profundizar el desarrollo de estrategias comunitarias en salud mental.
Treating a teenager with Morquio A syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IV A) with Vimizim
Authors: Gurinova E. E. , Sukhomyasova A. L. , Semyachkina A. N. , Ochirova P. V.
Published: September 2021

The article describes a clinical case of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with elosulfase alfa for a teenager with mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPS IVA, Morquio A syndrome). Treatment was started quite late, at the age of 12, against the background of a severe course of Morquio A syndrome. Nevertheless, the child showedan improvement in enduranceand fine motor skills, and an increase in muscle tone. The article discusses lack of information on modern methods of enzymereplacement therapy, as well as the limitations of this type of therapy. The paper emphasizes the need for an interdisciplinary approach to treat such diseases and alleviate the condition of patients.
Familial homozygous hypercholesterolemia in children: early diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Leontyeva I. V.
Published: September 2021

Familial homozygous hypercholesterolemia is a rare life-threatening disease, the prevalence is 1: 160,000-1: 320,000. The main manifestation of the disease is an extremely high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (more than 13 mmol / l), which causes early atherosclerotic vascular lesions, including coronary arteries, starting from the first decade of life, and can lead to myocardial infarction in childhood. Familial homozygous hypercholesterolemia remains a little-known disease in the clinical practice of the pediatrician; it leads to delayed diagnosis and late initiation of therapy. The most common cause of the disease is mutations in the LDLR (90%) gene, less often in the APOB (5–10%), PCSK9 (1%), LDLRAP1 (1%) genes. The article presents the criteria for the diagnosis of familial homozygous hypercholesterolemia in children. The authors discuss clinical manifestations on the skin and at the level of the cardiovascular system, eyes. They present the strategy of management and the possibilities of treating patients. The paper presents the indications for the appointment and the effectiveness of statins, ezetrol, monoclonal antibodies to PCSK9, apheresis for the treatment of the disease. It discusses prospects for further therapy.
Nutritional analysis of school-age children
Authors: Borovkova M. G. , Nikolaeva L. A.
Published: September 2021

Many studies demonstrate an increase in the number of diseases, the development of which can be influenced by poor nutrition in school-age children.

Purpose. To improve the prevention of children’s health disorders by developing an algorithm for the optimal qualitative and quantitative composition of school meals based on the identified deficiencies in the nutrition of schoolchildren of three educational school sin Cheboksary.

Methods. 212parents of pupils of the 3-4th grades and 248 pupils, 182 parents of pupils of the 10-11 grades and 220 children in these classes were anonymously surveyed in education schools in Cheboksary.

Results. Analysis of the nutritional quality of children showed that more than 90% of both junior and senior schoolchildren consume baked goods, meat dishes, cereals, soups, fruits and vegetables every day or several times a week. About 50% or more of children of both groups consume milk and sour-milk drinks, eggs, cottage cheese, fish dishes every day or several times a week. The meal regimen is more accurately followed in the primary school group. Parents of the junior and senior pupils are unanimous in their opinion about the need to teach children in school the principles of proper nutrition (96,4%).

Conclusion. The authors advise to conduct educational work among children and their parents on the formation of healthy nutrition culture. Pedagogical and medical workers of the educational institution, nutritional specialists among the parents can be involved for the implementation of educational activities.
Organization of the nursery at the final stage of the Great Patriotic War and in the first post-war years
Authors: Gorelova L. E. , Shelkova V. N.
Published: September 2021

At the final stage of the Great Patriotic War and in the first post-war years in the USSR, a large-scale restoration and expansion of the nursery network was carried out. However, in war time conditions, nursery construction was short of the necessary material and human resources, which significantly hampered the operation of the nursery as a medical institution. Despite the challenges, the nursery network has played an important role in protecting the health of young children. The article reflects the contribution of pediatric scientific institutions to nursery construction.
Cytokines and progressive chronic kidney disease in children
Authors: Makarova T. P. , Ishbuldina A. V.
Published: September 2021

The problem of chronickidney disease is one of the urgent problems in nephrology. There is data on the multifaceted participation of cytokines in the development and prognosis of pathological conditions. The recent studies are focusedon the mechanismsoflocal inflammation with the analysis of interleukins level in the urine. Cytokines are mediators between nonspecific defense reactions and specificimmunity. Being synthesized in the focus of inflammation, cytokines influence almost all cells involvedin inflammation. In case of local defense failure, cytokines enterthe circulation and act at the systemic level, developing an acutephaseresponse in the body. The review presents data on the cytokine status in chronic kidney disease in children and its rolein the progression oft he disease. The authors emphasize the scientific and practical significance of studies of the cytokine status in chronic kidney diseases.
Exudative otitis media in children: the main causes. Part I
Authors: Savenko I. V. , Boboshko M. Yu.
Published: September 2021

Otitis media, including exudative otitis, is one of the most common childhood diseases. Almost asymptomatic course in children of early and preschool age leads to undiagnosed hearing loss. In such cases the minimal auditory deficit significantly affects the auditory-speech development and the formation of higher cortical functions in children. It is pediatricians who are the first to deal with the manifestations of exudative otitis media. Consequently, their knowledge and understanding of the disease, including the most common causes and risk factors, is important. The first part of the literature review considers the theories of the exudative otitis media formation, the role of viral and bacterial flora in the development of the disease, the effect of obstruction of the auditory tube against the background of nasopharyngeal neoplasms, craniofacial anomalies (including chromosomal aberrations), allergic diseases, rhinosinusitis and adenoiditis.
Influence of intrauterine hemodynamics on the C segment of the aortic arch in the fetus
Authors: Hubulava G. G. , Marchenko S. P. , Naumov A. B. , Strupeneva U. A. , Kulemin E. S. , Nevmerzhitskaya O. V. , Chupaeva O. Yu. , Seliverstova A. A. , Chernomordova A. V. , Andreev M. S. , Pilyugov N. G. , Kavardakova E. S.
Published: September 2021

Objective. To assess the correlation between the hemodynamic characteristics of the left ventricle and geometric features of the aortic arch in the fetus.

Methods. The study involved 31 fetuses from 29 to 34 weeks of gestation by echocardiography. The scientists assessed the morphogeometric characteristics of the left ventricle andaortic arch. They studied the following parameters: end-diastolic volume ofthe left ventricle (LVEDV), stroke volume of the leftventricle (LVSV), velocity-time integral of the flow through aortic valve (VTI AV), diameter of the aortic valve ring (AV), diameterof the aortic arch segment between brachiocephalic trunk and left carotid artery (dС).

Results. The average gestational age was 31,9±1,4weeks (95% CI: 31,4–32,4 weeks). Average body weight 1899±377 g (95% CI: 1762–2038 g). LVEDV = 1,57±0,64 ml (95% CI: 1,3–1,8). LVSV = 1,3±0,45 ml (95% CI: 1,1–1,4 ml). AV 0,4±0,07 cm (95% CI: 0,39–0,44 cm). C segment of the aorticarc is 0,37±0,07 cm (95% CI: 0,035–0,040 cm). There was direct correlation between the variables used to calculate dC (Pearson correlation coefficient: LVEDV = 0,51; p=0,002; LVSV = 0,46; p=0,005; AV = 0,52, p=0,001). The diameter of the C segment of the aortic arch can be calculated using the following equations: dС= 0,76· LVSV +2,8 (95% CI LVSV 0,2–1,3 95% CI for constant2,1–3,6; Fisher’s criterion 7,6 р=0,01). dС= 0,59· LVEDV +2,8 (95% CI LVEDV 0,2–0,98; 95% CI for constant 2,2–3,5; Fisher’s criterion 10 р=0,004). dС= 0,59·AV+1,3 (95% CI AV 0,22–0,95; 95% CI for constant – 0,23–2,9; Fisher’s criterion 10,7;р=0,003).

Conclusion. 1)hemodynamic characteristics of the left ventricle allow predicting the sizeof the aortic arch in fetuses from 29 to 34 weeks of gestation; 2)morphogeometric characteristics of the aortic arch are determined by the characteristics of the left ventricular stroke volume, end-diastolicvolume of the leftventricleand the sizeof the fibrous ring of the aortic valve.
Clinical and diagnostic significance of the intestinal fraction of fatty acid binding protein in children with protein-induced enteropathy
Authors: Prikhodchenko N. G. , Shumatova T. A. , Nee A. N. , Zernova E. S.
Published: September 2021

Protein-induced enteropathyis a common manifestation of gastrointestinal food allergy in young children. Non-invasive diagnostic methods are especially relevant for the timely diagnosis and prevention of exacerbations.

Objective. To evaluate serum, fecal and urinal levels of the intestinal fraction of fatty acids-binding proteins in children with protein-induced enteropathy and their clinical and diagnostic significance.

Material and methods. The authors examined 29 children with protein-induced enteropathy aged from 1,5 to 12 months and 20 healthy children (control group). For differential diagnosis with congenital diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, all patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with morphological examination of biopsies. The Cow’s Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMMiS) was used to assess clinical symptoms. In all children, the intestinal fraction of the protein binding fatty acids (I-FABP) was determined in blood serum, urine, coprofiltrate byenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results. The scientists found an increase in the protein level in the blood 125,20±23,79 pg/ml, in coprofiltrate 0,36±0,05 ng/ml, in urine 0,164±0,031 pg/ml compared with those in the control group (19,21±4,94pg/ml, 0,18±0,02 ng/ml and 0,039±4,62 pg/ ml, respectively; p<0,05). The authors found direct strong relationship between the degreeof morphological changes, clinical severity of gastrointestinal manifestations and the concentration of fatty acid binding protein in serum and urine, moderate relationship with the indicators in coprofiltrate (p<0,05).

Conclusion. An increase in serum, fecal and urinal levels of I-FABP in children with protein-induced enteropathy confirms the clinical and diagnostic significance of this biomarker in all biological fluids. Its high sensitivity and specificity of determination in urine is promising for pediatric practice.
Retrospective analysis of the natural history of type 1 spinal muscular atrophy in children
Authors: Vlodavets D. V. , Ganina N. V. , Ilina E. S. , Kokorina A. A. , Kuzenkova L. M. , Sapego E. Yu. , Smirnov D. S. , Shevtsova Yu. A. , Saulina A. V. , Petrov A. N. , Zolkin N. A. , Linkova Yu. N. , Zinkina-Orikhan A. V.
Published: September 2021

Objective. To analyze the natural course of type 1 spinal muscular atrophy in children with the onset of the disease up to 6 months in the Russian population.

Material and methods. The retrospective multicenter study included data of 54 children with an established diagnosis of type 1 spinal muscular atrophy who did not receive therapy with nusinersen, risdiplam, branaplam, onasemogen abeparvovec-xioi, or other anti-sense oligonucleotides / selective SMN2 splicing modifiers or genetherapy drugs for SMN1 genetransduction. Basedon medical records, the scientists have collected all available information on the health status of children, the need for respiratory support and death or start of long-term mechanical ventilation.

Results. The median time from birth to the onset of the combined event (death or initiation of long-term respiratory support), determined using the Kaplan-Meier method, was 365 [269; 409] days (12 months). The date of death was known in 22 out of 54 children. The median age of death was 301,5 [181; 375] days (9,9 months). The initiation date of long-term respiratory support was known in 15 of 54 patients, the median was 180 [91; 276] days (5,9 months). Both the start date of long-term respiratory support and the date of death were known in 5 of 54 children; whileit was found that the median time from the initiation of long-term respiratory support to death in these children was 361 [135; 619] day (11,87 months).In a subgroup of 32 children with available date of initiation of long-term respiratory support and / or the date of death, the median time from birth to the combined event was 245,5 [173; 331] days (8,07 months).

Conclusion. In the course of a retrospective study, the authors obtained the information on the date of the onset of constant respiratory support and the date of death from the date of birth in the absence of pathogenetic treatment in children with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy. The data obtained in the Russian population are comparable with the published international data. This information can be useful for additional assessment of the health status of patients who received drugs affecting the level of SMN protein in the body, as well as reference data for the development of new approaches to therapy.
Correcting eating disorders in obese adolescents
Authors: Nikishina E. I. , Nikishina V. B. , Petrash E. A.
Published: September 2021

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to study the way of eating as a method of correct in geating disorders in adolescents.

Objective.To evaluate the correction potential of the nutrition method in adolescents with eating disorders by alimentary obesity type. Characteristic of children and research methods. At the first stage of the study the research sampling was based on the criteria for body mass index assessing in adolescents. The total size of the research sample was 69 adolescents aged13–16 years with alimentary obesity. The group was equalized by gender. At the second stage, the adolescents were surveyed to assess the rules for the use and content of food consumed, including energy value. At the third stage, all patients were divided into three research groups, two groups had a separate program for the correction of eating disorders, taking in to account the measured parameters.

Results.The study confirmed the effectiveness of the nutritional disorders method by changing the eating rules and using object-mediated consumption of food (using cutlery – forks, knives, sticks). At the same time, the content, volume and frequency of food intake were preserved. The average weight loss with an indirect way of eating was up to 2 kg per week. In addition, they recorded a decrease in body mass index. The time of food intake significantly increased, which affects the control of the amount of food consumed, transferring eating actions from an involuntary level with a lack of fixation on taste sensations to an arbitrary one.

Conclusion.The technique is recommended for use as part of the eating disorders correction, since it can be easily integrated into any methodological complex and has no contraindications.
Caesarean section in severe preeclampsia: features of early neonatal adaptation
Authors: Isaeva E. V. , Ryskeldieva V. T.
Published: September 2021

Objective. To study the course of early neonatal adaptation depending on the anesthetic aid in abdominaldelivery of pregnant women with severe preeclampsia. Characteristic o fchildren and research methods. Thea uthorscarried outaprospective cohort study o f342 childrenborn from mothers with severepreeclampsia. The children were grouped according to their gestationalage. The author sanalyzed perinatallosse sand assessed  general condition according to the Apgarscaleat the 1st and 5th minutes of life, aswell as the neurological status of newborns according to the NACS scale at the 15thminute of life and in 2 hours depending on the anesthesia method used during the caesareansection.

Results. The authors found that the newborns from mothers with severe preeclampsia, starting from the 34th week of gestation, demonstrated a significantly more pronounced negative effect of total intravenous anesthesia on their somatic (birth in a state of hypoxia) and neurological status as compared with spinalanesthesia (р<0,05). ><0,05).

Conclusion. The results are of practical value to neonatologists, as total intravenous anesthesia is expectedto causethe revealed violations of the adaptive ability of newborns and the doctor is able to provide adequate timely assistance to children.
Theses of the XX Russian Congress "Innovative technologies in pediatrics and pediatric surgery" with international participation
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: September 2021

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FORMACIÓN DEL DOCENTE EN EL NIVEL SUPERIOR
Authors: Brand Barajas Jennie
Published: September 2021

LA EDUCACIÓN ESTÁ INMERSA EN UN COMPLEJO ENTRAMADO DE TRANSFORmacioneshistóricas, geográficas, económicas, antropológicas,sociológicas, tecnológicas, comunicativas y científicas; que sehan ido ampliando con el fenómeno de la globalización.El problema parte desde la conceptualización del términode profesionalismo y el modo en que es entendido y percibidopor el Estado, el sistema educativo y los actores del procesoenseñanza-aprendizaje.
LA TUTORÍA UNIVERSITARIA ENTRE LATINOAMÉRICA Y EUROPA: EL CASO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD AUSTRAL (ARGENTINA) Y EL DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE ESTUDIOS DE PALERMO (ITALIA)
Authors: Di Vita Alessandro , Daura Florencia , Inés Montserrat María
Published: September 2021

Las directrices internacionales formuladas para la construcción de un Espacio Europeo y Latinoamericano de Educación Superior, destacan un modelo educativo destinado a involucrar activamente a los estudiantes universitarios en los servicios de tutoría y hacerlos autónomos en los procesos de aprendizaje. En este artículo −aplicando una metodología descriptiva-lineal y top-down− se proporciona una visión bilateral de la tutoría universitaria: se aborda este tema contextualizándolo antes en América Latina y luego en Argentina, terminando con un enfoque particular en la Universidad Austral de Buenos Aires; a continuación se enmarca análogamente antes en el ámbito europeo, luego en el italiano y, finalmente, en la Università degli Studi di Palermo. El objetivo de este estudio es describir cómo se realiza la tutoría en la Universidad Austral (Argentina) y en la Università degli Studi di Palermo (Italia), a fin de compararlas y plantear una mejora en esta última, a partir de la propuesta de un proyecto de investigación experimental. En las conclusiones se presenta una posible modalidad en la que, con oportunos ajustes, podría experimentarse el Plan de Acción Tutorial (PAT), utilizado por la Universidad Austral en una carrera de grado impartida por la Universidad de Estudios de Palermo.
TOOLS IN VIRAL TIMES: QUESTIONING THE USE OF TECHNOLOGIES IN MEXICAN SCHOOLING PRACTICES
Authors: Casanueva Alonso
Published: September 2021

From 1929 to 1932, the German critical theorist Walter Benjamin broadcast a radio show intended for children, «Enlightenment for Children» (Aufklärung für Kinder). His program consisted of illuminating lessons that bound together culture and history in creative ways, to teach children about the world. Used as a tool for convivial purposes, the radio waves transported German kinder to the sites where witch trials happened, or to learn the secret language built into the city walls of Berlin, or to wonder about the life of the Romani and imagine the features of the many characters that formed part of Benjamin’s radio plays. It was an imaginative pedagogical exercise that has made me wonder about the possibilities of technological tools in the service of learning experiences.
LA ESCUELA. UN ESPACIO BIEN PLANEADO
Authors: Meza Mejía Mónica
Published: September 2021

Los seres humanos vivimos en un determinado medio, en un ambiente concreto. Se trata de un medio natural o zona geográfica que habitamos y de un medio "artificial" o socio-cultural que creamos. En este artículo abordamos específicamente al ambiente artificialmente creado en la escuela para el proceso educativo y ejemplificamos algunos casos del pasado.
A DIMENSÃO HUMANA NO PROCESSO DE PROJETO: ANÁLISE DE TIPOLOGIAS HABITACIONAIS EM BELÉM-PARÁ
Authors: PAIXAO ROSINEIDE , De Almeida Viana Perdigão Ana Klaudia
Published: September 2021

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisa de mestrado que procurou responder como o arquiteto pode incluir no processo projetual de habitação de interesse social para a Amazônia, a dimensão humana. Buscou-se apoio em estudos referentes ao espaço urbano acerca da valorização dessa dimensão. Nesse sentido, um estudo longitudinal foi realizado no contexto de um programa de intervenção pública em assentamento precário na cidade de Belém (PA), cuja área de interferência foi a comunidade Cubatão e o projeto Taboquinha, ambos localizados no distrito de Icoaraci. Partiu-se da premissa de que a dimensão humana pode ser explorada para instrumentalização do projeto arquitetônico quando contemplada desde a concepção projetual, por meio de categorias analíticas de base topológica, as quais permitem a investigação da vida espacial nos mais variados contextos da habitação, com significativa valorização da dimensão humana desde o ponto de partida da concepção arquitetônica e indo além do tradicional ponto de partida geométrico. A pesquisa demonstrou que a ampliação do olhar sobre a dimensão humana ultrapassa os aspectos ligados ao espaço geométrico e adentra nas relações espaciais que o usuário mantém com o espaço por meio do uso, situação que ficou evidente pela seleção das categorias analíticas de natureza topológica, já que relações espaciais não são descritas pela geometria, mas encontram respaldo geométrico quando se materializam espacialmente. Destaca-se que as categorias, uma vez evidenciadas nas casas de origem dos moradores (palafita), podem somar para a contínua caracterização da palafita amazônica.