bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Evaluation of Antiangiogenic Activity of Novel Coumarinyl 4-Thiazolidinone Derivatives.
Authors: K Ishwar Bhat , K Vijaya Bhaskar
Published: October 2024

Cancer remains in the maximum percentage probability of death in spite of the latest advancement in prior diagnosis and different approaches to treatment. The major challenge in drug discovery for medicinal chemists is to develop new cytotoxic agents to cure cancer with fewer side effects. A new series of substituted coumarinyl 4-thiazolidinone derivatives (TZL1–TZL7) were prepared by treating different 4-hydroxy-3-(1-(phenylimino0ethyl)-2H-chromen-2-one with HSCH2COOH. The Schiff bases were obtained by treating 4-hydroxy coumarin with different aniline derivatives in the presence of C2H5OH. All the title compounds were purified and subjected to TLC to check their purity. Further, it was characterized by using IR, 1 H-NMR, and mass spectral studies. Selected synthesized compounds (TZL1–TZL7) were screened for in-vivo antiangiogenic activity by using the Zebrafish model. TZL2 had the best antiangiogenic effect with an average vein count of 2.7. TZL4, TZL5, and TZL6 had an average vein count of 4.1, 3.9, and 3.4, respectively.
Study of Nootropic Effect of Improved Nano Formulation Version of Levodopa in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease Induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine.
Authors: VP Rawal , SA Gangurde
Published: October 2024

Background: More studies on Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptoms have demonstrated that the condition is multifaceted. PD is associated with cognitive problems & motor impairments, which lower quality of life. 6-hydroxydopamine is a common rodent Parkinsonism neurotoxin. 6-OHDA may damage neurons by increasing oxidative stress from hydroxyl radical production during autoxidation. 6-OHDA and oxidative stress have been shown to impair memory in rats. Thus, 6-OHDA mimics rat Parkinsonian and cognitive decline. Objective: To construct a stable and easily administered nano-formulation with enhanced bioavailability by adding Mucuna pruriens seed phytoactive Levodopa into Nanocochleates. Materials and Methods: Free L-Dopa, nanoliposomes, and levodopa nanocochleates were tested in 6-OHDA-treated rats with PD on the 14th day following the 6-OHDA injection, open-field, morris-water-maze, and Y-maze tests assessed learning and memory. Results: Oral LDNC may reduce 6-OHDA-induced catecholamine neurotoxicity, according to this study. In this 6-OHDAinduced PD model, the nano-formulation appeared to restore injured striatal cells via antioxidant and DA-enhancing pathways.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Capsules Containing Gum Resin of Boswellia serrata.
Authors: M Sonel Gurjar , M Sangeetha . , J Vikram . , S Gopinath . , V Anantharaj .
Published: October 2024

Boswellia serrata (Sallaki) is one of the most popular herbs, belonging to the family Burseraceae, whose dietary and therapeutic potential has been practiced since ancient days mainly for the treatment of arthritis and other inflammatory disorders. The therapeutic activity of oleo gum resin is typically due to the presence of active constituents such as 11-keto-β-boswellic acid and 3-o-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid. The main objective of the present research work was to formulate and evaluate the Boswellia capsule. The plant B. serrata is the best traditional medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis without causing any side-effects when compared to synthetic drugs (NSAIDs). The herbal capsules were formulated and evaluated. The prepared formulation was subjected to evaluations like physical appearance, pH, dissolution, disintegration and phytochemical screening.
Preformulation Studies of Pitavastatin Calcium– A Primary Step in Further Design of Chronotherapeutic Formulation Synchronized with Circadian Rhythm.
Authors: Anusha V . , Umashankar MS , Kumar Y Ganesh
Published: October 2024

The principal goal and objective of this present research work were to perform a preformulation analysis of Pitavastatin calcium to produce a further stable, efficient chroomodulated drug delivery system. Pitavastatin calcium was analyzed to study its micrometric properties, equilibrium solubility profile in different media, and determination of purity by subjecting to fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies, by determining the absorption maxima in the medium along with differential scanning Calorimetry- DSC. Spectral analysis of UV studies and calibration curve plotting was done for further analytical research. The melting point was analyzed, and PXRD studies were conducted to identify the crystallinity. The Pitavastatin calcium micromeritic properties were found to be good with bulk density- 0.408 g/mL, tapped density 0.476 g/mL, Carr’s index 14.2%, Hausner’s ratio 1.16 with 32.0050 angle of repose. The equilibrium solubility study indicates drug has peak solubility in media 0.1 N Hcl and reduced solubility in distilled water. The infrared spectrum indicated peaks corresponding to functional groups conforming to the purity. The UV spectrum exhibited absorption maxima at 250 nm in media 0.1N HCl and 245 in pH phosphate buffer 6.8 and in all other mediums, which is the same as the standard literature indication. The calibration curve exhibited linearity in accordance with Beer Lambert’s law. The PXRD studies produced 2θ values corresponding to pitavastatin calcium as per literature conforming to the crystallinity. The Preformulation analysis concludes that the drug was pure pitavastatin calcium with corresponding absorption maxima, an infrared spectral functional group with crystallinity. It specifies that the drug mandates the improvement of solubility for further formulation development.
Stability-Indicating HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Determination of Vildagliptin and Dapagliflozin in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form.
Authors: B Deshmukh S , A Wagh P , S Yadav S , B Mane M
Published: October 2024

Vildagliptin (VD) and Dapagliflozin (DP) were determined simultaneously by RP-HPLC using an ultraviolet (UV) detector, a Hypersil Gold C18 (250 × 4.6 mm) column, 5 µm and a mobile phase of acetonitrile: water (adjusted with O-Phosphoric acid to pH 3) in ratio 40: 60% v/v. The estimation wavelength was chosen to be 213 nm. VD and DP were shown to have retention times of 2.9 and 8.3 minutes, respectively. Q2 (R1) ICH guidelines were followed during the validation process. VD and DP correlation coefficient R2 values are 0.9993 and 0.999, respectively. While DP’s linearity range is 1 to 6 µg/mL, VD’s is 10 to 60 µg/mL. The precision and accuracy studies show %relative standard deviation (%RSD) below 2%. Recovery% was assessed to meet the ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines criteria. The presented research on forced degradation showed stability indicating studies. The findings also demonstrated that the suggested method is suitable for determining VD and DP precisely and accurately.
Comparative Evaluation of Herbal Lip Balms Formulated Using Various Natural Bases
Authors: A Vadje Suvarna , R Waghire Nikhil , P Pimple Bhushan , C Kuchekar Mohini , P Sarda Priyanka
Published: October 2024

TThe demand for natural cosmetics, including lip balms, has increased in recent years. Studies on the physicochemical characteristics of the designed lip balms are scarce, though. As a result, this comparative study aims to develop lip balms with carrot root extract as a coloring pigment using various natural bases and test the physicochemical characteristics of developed lip balms in order to prepare the best formulation. Four distinct softening agents (White soft paraffin, mango butter, avocado butter, and kokum butter) and two distinct hardening agents (Candelilla wax bees wax) were combined in varying amounts to prepare eight different lip balm formulations. The formulations were subjected to various physicochemical evaluation studies such as melting point, breaking point, spreadability, water resistance and organoleptic evaluation like color and texture. According to this study, carrot root extract may be used as a natural coloring agent in lip balm formulations because of its antioxidant properties. The results showed that the four formulations with mango butter:bees wax (1.5:1), white soft paraffin:Candelilla wax(2:1), Mango butter:Candelilla wax(2:1) and Kokum butter: Candelilla wax(2.5:1) were the best when compared to standard. The research study’s findings suggested that in the future, candelilla wax and mango butter can be effective alternatives for others as hardening and softening agents, respectively.
Design, Optimization and Performance Assessment of Memantine Buccal Films for Targeted Drug Delivery.
Authors: P Venkata Durga Seshu Priya , S Ruby . , M Kumar
Published: October 2024

Memantine is primarily prescribed for treating moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease by modulating glutamate, a key neurotransmitter involved in cognitive functions like memory and learning. By blocking excessive glutamate activity at NMDA receptors, memantine helps improve cognitive function and slow symptom progression in Alzheimer’s patients. In this study, solvent evaporation was used in the formulation of memantine in order to increase its bioavailability and sustain its release. Chitosan, HPMC, a mucoadhesive polymer, carbopol, a sensitive to pH polymer and propyle glycol, a permeation enhancer, were all incorporated in the formulation. All formulations underwent evaluation for moisture content, folding endurance, swelling index, mucoadhesive strength and drug content. Drug release profiles were assessed through in-vitro diffusion studies. Results indicated that increasing concentrations of polymers led to higher mucoadhesive strength, consequently enhancing Memantine release from the system. The optimal formulation(F9), with carefully balanced polymer concentrations, demonstrated more resident time, sustained drug release and improved bioavailability.
New Metal Complexes with Mannich -β-amino carbonyl ligand; Preparation, spectral Characterisation and Biological Activity.
Authors: Mohammed Baraa Kasim , Yousi Enaam Ismail
Published: October 2024

New metal complexes and a new beta-amino maniche carbonyl ligand were prepared and characterized. (((4-(tert-butyl)-2-((S)- (phenylamino) (p-tolyl) methyl)cyclohexan-1-one)) (HL) was formed from the reaction of aniline and 4-methylbesaldehyde with 4- (tert-butyl)cyclohexane-1-one at a 1:1:1 mol ratio respectively reaction of (4-methyl-2-((R)-(phenylamino)(p-tolyl) methyl)cyclohexan-1-one (HL) and MnII, CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII and CdII metal ions in a 2:1 (L:M) ratio led to the isolation of monomeric complexes from analytical and spectroscopic techniques including; elemental microanalysis, magnetic susceptibility, conductivity, TGA, and FTIR, electronic and mass spectra and 1 H, 13C-NMR characterization data indicated to a four- and six-coordinate isolate.Complexes Many bacterial and fungal strains were tested, and the data obtained showed that these complexes are more active against a variety of organisms, under experiment, than free associations.
Development and Characterization of Ethanolic Extract of Cleome gynandra L. Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: A Abarnadevika . , G Ariharasivakumar . , D Anusha . , S Nagalakshmi .
Published: October 2024

The bioactive components of the botanical remedy Cleome gynandra L., which is famous for its antidiabetic effects, were extracted using ethanol. To improve its stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic potential, the extract was subsequently encapsulated within solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using a high-pressure homogenization method with varying concentrations of lipids. Zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, kinetics of drug release, and particle size were among the numerous characteristics of the SLNs that were thoroughly examined. One important measure for determining whether bioactive compounds were successfully encapsulated within the SLNs is the entrapment efficiency. An impressive entrapment efficiency of more than 82.13% was shown by the optimized formulation F4. The optimized formulation F4 exhibited a mean particle size ranging from 243.5 to 261.7 nm, according to particle size analysis. This size range is ideal for improving cellular uptake and bioavailability. A negative charge was observed in the zeta potential measurements, which means that the SLNs are stable and do not aggregate. A PDI of 0.416 provided additional evidence of the nanoparticles’ stability and uniformity. A sustained release of about 62.57% over 7 hours was shown in the in-vitro drug release profile data, indicating a long-lasting therapeutic effect. Improved therapeutic efficacy of antidiabetic treatment and more stable blood glucose levels are both benefits of the sustained release profile. The in-vitro results of formulation F4 suggest that SLNs have the good stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic potential of C. gynandra L.’s ethanolic extract when used as a delivery system.
Design Strategies for Improving Oral Bioavailability of Tizanidine: Solid Dispersion Approach
Authors: Saini Manisha . , Kumar Suresh . , Jhawat Vikas . , Dass Rameshwar .
Published: October 2024

Tizanidine is a poorly soluble drug that helps relax muscles and lower mild blood pressure. Solid dispersion of tinidazole may improve the solubility of the drug. The method involved mixing tizanidine with Soluplus in different amounts using a simple tumbling method for 15 minutes. The mixtures were then stored in a desiccator. These mixtures, in different ratios (5:5, 4:6, 3:7, 2:8), were dissolved in ethanol. Tablets were made using a tablet machine with direct compression. The tablets were tested for thickness, breakability, hardness, drug content, disintegration time, wetting time, how fast the drug was released, and stability. The optimized batch (F9) showed that the drug followed a steady release pattern, with an R2 value of 0.984. Stability studies, done under specific conditions (40°C ± 2°C/75% ± 5%RH), showed no chemical or physical changes and no noteworthy drop in drug content. The pharmacokinetic study revealed that the height concentration (Cmax) was 97.53 ng/ mL, and the drug’s half-life was 1.75 hours. The formulation was optimized using a design that tested different combinations of two factors: the amount of crospovidone (superdisintegrant) and camphor (subliming agent). The goal was to improve disintegration time and friability.
Superporous Hydrogels as Super Disintegrants in Formulating Oral Disintegrating Tablets of Clozapine for the Treatment of Schizophrenia.
Authors: Kota Ramesh Babu , Kaliyaperumal Saravanan .
Published: October 2024

In this study, clozapine was formulated as orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) using a direct compression method, incorporating super porous hydrogels as superdisintegrants. The disintegration time, hardness, friability, and stability of these ODT formulations were systematically evaluated, along with detailed dissolution profiles. Surprisingly, friability measurements revealed values below 1%. All tablet formulations disintegrated completely within 1 minute, meeting the 3-minute disintegration time criterion specified by the USP for ODTs. Moreover, over 85% of the labeled clozapine content was dissolved within 15 minutes from the ODTs. FTIR analysis indicated no interaction or alterations between the active ingredient and excipients. Consequently, the ODT formulations prepared using super porous hydrogels as superdisintegrants represent a promising strategy. This approach could significantly aid in the development and manufacturing of generic clozapine products.
Formulation, Development and Optimization of Silymarin Loaded Nanoparticle Orodispersible Tablets for its Anti-inflammatory Activity
Authors: Kotame Radhika N , Daniel Kratika .
Published: October 2024

The objective of this work was to enhance the anti-inflammatory properties of silymarin by developing and refining an orodispersible tablet formulation loaded with nanoparticles. Formulation development and optimization of silymarin-loaded nanoparticle orodispersible tablet for its anti-inflammatory activity is the focus of this research paper. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems can help to overcome these limitations by enhancing solubility and absorption. Disintegration and dissolution of Orodispersible tablets take place in the mouth rapidly without water, providing a faster onset of action. These nanoparticles were then incorporated into orodispersible tablets containing superdisintegrants and sweeteners using direct compression. A Box-Behnken design was utilized to systematically optimize the tablet formulation based on responses including disintegration time, wetting time, hardness and friability. After 15 minutes, SL-NP Formulation -3, which contains 5% crospovidone as a superdisintegrant, demonstrated maximal drug release, or 98.5%. Rats with paw edema caused by carrageenan were used to test the anti-inflammatory potential. Following three hours, the 400 mg/kg dose showed a strong 48% inhibition; the impact grew to 52% after three hours. Overall, the development of silymarin nanoparticle orodispersible tablets shows promise for improving the anti-inflammatory effects of silymarin through a synergistic combination of nanoencapsulation and rapid disintegrating tablet technologies.
Solubility Enhancement of BCS Class II Antibiotic (Azithromycin) by Solid Dispersion Technique by Using Skimmed Milk
Authors: Dhoble Pavankumar . , Tekade Bharat . , Gorde Nilesh . , Bodke Vishal .
Published: October 2024

Azithromycin has a low water solubility; Hence, dissolution represents a rate-limiting process. The goal of the present investigation is to improve azithromycin dissolution and solubility rate. The purpose of this study was to create, characterize, and test the dissolving characteristics of an Azithromycin solid dispersion with skimmed milk. Formulated tablet of optimized batch compared with marketed formulation and study its drug release and make a formulation that gives the highest rate of solubility. This experiment was conducted utilizing the solid dispersion method. The rationale for solid dispersion is that it produces better results than other methods while costing less. Skimmed milk is used as a carrier to increase the solubility of azithromycin. Azithromycin purity is certified using assessment tests such as HPLC assay, UV spectroscopy, FTIR, and DSC. Azithromycin solid dispersion (Azithromycin in skimmed milk) SD2 consistently performs well in all physiochemical tests as compared to all batches. The designed tablet F2 batch releases the drug more effectively than the marketed one. Azithromycin’s solubility was successfully enhanced by utilizing the solid dispersion method with skimmed milk. Batch SD 2 gives the highest results in all parameters like solubility. Preformulation study, mainly in tablet formulation, also it gives the highest solubility.
Oral Insulin: Challenges and Potential Solutions with a Case Study of Pharmaceutical Company Ventures
Authors: URS Anirudh R , Bhargav Priyanka R , Shanbhog Shreya . , Danda Manish , S Narendra Kumar
Published: October 2024

Oral insulin, in pill form, presents a non-injectable alternative. It is a transformative approach to diabetes management, potentially enhancing patient compliance. This paper examines challenges and potential solutions in oral insulin development, which are further bolstered by a case study on pharmaceutical ventures, namely, oramed, diasome, diabetology, biocon and emisphere.
Titanium Dioxide (TiO2): A Versatile Excipient in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Ingle Rahul G Ingle, Samiksha S Khobragade G , Khobragade Samiksha S
Published: October 2024

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a commonly used excipient in pharmaceutical formulations, offering several benefits to pharmaceutical products. As a highly insoluble and thermally stable oxide, TiO2 is utilized as an opacifying agent and suspending agent to improve the appearance, stability, and bioavailability of pharmaceutical products. Its high refractive index and high surface area make it an excellent adsorbent and filler material, while its non-toxic and odorless nature ensures its safe use in pharmaceutical applications. Here, the authors deliberate the properties and major applications of TiO2 as a versatile excipient in pharmaceuticals. The mesmerizing physic-chemical features of TiO2 depend on the size and shape of particles. At present, TiO2 has added countless considerations as an auspicious photocatalyst due to its extraordinary features such as excellent photocatalytic, electronic, and optical features, high stability, and economical and non-toxic nature. Moreover, the benefits of using TiO2 as an excipient are discussed, including its ability to improve product appearance, stability, and bioavailability. The review also reports the challenges associated with TiO2, including environmental concerns and biocompatibility issues. However, the benefits of TiO2 far outweigh its drawbacks, making it an extensively accepted excipient in pharmaceuticals. Inclusively, this article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of TiO2 as an excipient in pharmaceuticals, highlighting its unique properties, several applications, and benefits.
A Discussion of the Properties of Nanoparticles
Authors: Bolledla Nirosha . , Bakshi Vasudha .
Published: October 2024

Nanoparticles (NPs) have begun as versatile building blocks through applications spanning diverse fields. This review provides a general idea of nanoparticle properties, highlighting recent advancements and future prospects. Various techniques, such as sol-gel synthesis, chemical reduction, and green synthesis, offer control over shape, size, and composition, supporting custommade production for precise applications. NPs possess high surface area-to-volume ratios and tunable optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties, alongside biocompatibility and functional ability, making them suitable for various applications. In medicine, NPs facilitate drug delivery, imaging, diagnostics, and therapeutics, ensuring targeted delivery and enhanced efficacy. In electronics, they drive advancements in displays, sensors, photovoltaics, and data storage. Additionally, NPs contribute to energy technologies like fuel cells, batteries, solar cells, and catalysis for renewable energy production. Despite their promise, NPs raise concerns about environmental and health impacts. Efforts are underway to address issues like toxicity, environmental persistence, and regulatory oversight for their safe use. In conclusion, NPs denote a rapidly progressing field with significant potential to address challenges and drive innovation across industries. Continued research and collaboration are crucial to explore their synthesis, properties, applications, and impacts, ensuring sustainable and responsible utilization of nanotechnology.
Pharmacological and toxicity concerns of plant Prunus armeniaca including adoptive nanotechnology for precise delivery of their active constituents.
Authors: Chandrakar Kunal . , Tiwari Sandeep . , Chandrakar Manisha . , Sarwa Khomendra Kumar , Patel Ritesh .
Published: October 2024

Prunus armeniaca is a well-known apricot. Its fruit kernel and seed are mostly reported for medicinal use. Neuroprotective, antidiabetic, and anticancer potentials are highlighted in scientific literature. Apart from medicinal applications, various scientific reports are available to confirm its potential toxic effect, especially in producing allergic symptoms, birth defects, and cyanidelike poisoning. Nowadays nanotechnological concepts are well applied in drug delivery systems to improve drug targetability with precision to avoid unnecessary exposure of drugs to tissues. Delivery of active constituents obtained from this plant is also taken as payload in silver and gold nanoparticles for efficacy assessment. The present literature summarizes the potential health benefits, toxicity, and nanotechnological advancement regarding this valuable medicinal plant. The review concise available scientific information in a single platform covering its traditional use, geographical location, and nutritional values.
Aptamer Insights in Targeting and Designing of Therapeutic Drugs.
Authors: A Mishra . , SM Abdullah . , S Koley . , S Modak . , A Das .
Published: October 2024

In the therapy of chronic and dangerous conditions like as cancer, heart disease, neurological illnesses, or retinal angiopathy, we frequently require most effective dosage schedule with adequate precision and sufficient therapeutic potential. Among these entities with the capacity to behave in a target-specific way are aptamers. Usually, they are produced by an iterative screening procedure named “Systemic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX)” which is used to complicate nucleic acid libraries. For several biological purposes, including targeted treatment, aptamers are potential and could be easily molded into desirable needs and also be tested in a manner that is not very extravagant or pricey. Chemical modification can be employed to enhance their pharmacological actions or prevent enzymatic degradation, hence guaranteeing their chemical integrity and bioavailability in a physiological setting. The recent advancements made in drug targeting and design with the use of aptamers are the main topic of this review. This review will highlight current developments and go over prospects and problems in the fields of aptamer-based targeted therapy, including aptamer therapeutics.
An Extensive Review on Novel Liposomes : Classification, Methodology, Characterization, Current Formulations.
Authors: Dhillon Anjali . , Singh RituVinay . , Senwar Kishna Ram
Published: October 2024

Liposomes are vesicles consisting of a phospholipid, hydrophobic drug, hydrophobic tail, hydrophilic tail, cholesterol, targeting agents, positive and negatively charged lipids, and a drug encapsulated in the center of the phospholipid group having a spherical shape. The phospholipid consists of an equal number of aqueous membranes, making the liposomes an important nanocarrier for the drug delivery to the targeted site. Various liposome-based products have recently been approved and are in clinical trials. This review will discuss the structure, classification, types, and method of liposome preparation and various marketed liposomal products.
Designing a Prevention Skills Activity Module for Drug Trainees
Authors: Halili Siti Hajar , Sulaiman Hamidah  .
Published: October 2024

Drug abuse affects all groups regardless of whether they are highly educated, professional, unemployed, or uneducated. This drug prevention skills activity module contains five skills, namely problem-solving skills, personality problem-solving skills, healthy lifestyle skills, self-adjustment skills, and stress management skills. Each skill is equipped with at least five activities to enable users of this module to gain skills and be able to apply them in their lives. This module provides benefits to prospective counselors and trainees because, from this activity, the trainees can understand the overall summary of the activities that have been carried out. It is hoped that this module is beneficial and can be applied to increase awareness of drug abuse in families and communities in this country.
Prescribing Pattern of Antidiabetic Drugs and Its Adherence to American Diabetes Association Guidelines in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with and Without Comorbidities.
Authors: SS Amin . , SD Jogdand .
Published: October 2024

Prescribing Pattern of Antidiabetic Drugs and Its Adherence to American Diabetes Association Guidelines in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with and Without Comorbidities.
Acute Toxicity Assessment of Cream Ethanolic Extract of Vitex pinnata Bark from Central Kalimantan.
Authors: EI Sylvia . , G Datak . , FR Wiraputri . , LD Mahalia .
Published: October 2024

Vitex pinnata bark has the ability to scavenge free radicals and has antimicrobial activity, thus accelerating wound healing. The formulation of V. pinnata bark preparations has good organoleptic properties, homogenity, pH, dispersion, and absorption. We studied the acute toxicity of V. pinnata skin cream in Wistar rats according to OECD guidelines 402. Seven nulliparous, non-pregnant female Wistar rats were exposed 2000 mg/kg of body weight. There were no signs of toxicity in any behavioral, necropsy dan histopathological changes. The Globally Harmonized System classified V. pinnata cream extract as category 5 (unclassified) with LD50 more than two thousand mg/kg.
Physico-chemical Characterisation of Self-Emulsifying Microemulsion of Antimalarial.
Authors: Nilesh Jaiswal . , Parulben Mehta .
Published: October 2024

Emulsions are employed as drug carriers in pharmaceutical formulations, particularly because they can increase the oral bioavailability of poorly absorbed medications.1 One of the most often used techniques to improve the oral bioavailability of medications, particularly anti-malarial ones, is the use of lipid-based drug delivery. The current research study focuses on using the lipid-based formulation strategy, i.e., self-emulsifying micro emulsions to formulate such anti-malarial drugs and characterise them to study their stability so that the possibility of bioavailability can be studied more. The current research emphasizes on characterisation techniques like transmission electron microscopy (TEM), turbidity index (%TI) and globule size determination as simpler and industrially implacable techniques to study the stability of the self-emulsifying properties of such formulations. In-order to obtain stable formulations with self-emulsifying behaviour the most important factors like the concentrations of surfactants and co-surfactants were one of the variables which were varied in-order to observe their effect on the overall stability of the microemulsions. This research is a step towards the usage of self-emulsifying microemulsions of anti-malarial drugs, for enhancement of oral bioavailability and encourages other researches to use this formulation strategy to improve bioavailability.
Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation of MEM-PLGANanoparticles via Nasal Route Administration.
Authors: Wani Bhavana Ashok , Mahaparale Sonali Paresh
Published: October 2024

The aim of this effort is to increase extended pharmaceutical release by systematizing PN elaboration for ME, a novel treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. Bioanalysis is an essential part in drug discovery and development. Bioanalysis is related to the analysis of analytes (drugs, metabolites, biomarkers) in biological samples and it involves several steps from sample collection to sample analysis and data reporting. A simple, sensitive, and quick LC-MS technique for quantifying MEM in rat plasma was developed and validated. Chromatography was carried out on a C18 column (4.6 × 75mm, 3.5μm). ME and its internal standard, NLB, were extracted by direct protein precipitation and were chosen as the sample treatment method rather than liquid-liquid extraction techniques and evaluated with LC-MS/MS in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. This approach demonstrated intra- and interday precision in the ranges of 2.1-3.7 and 1.4-7.8%. Furthermore, intra- and interday accuracy ranged from 95.6 to 99.8, and 95.7-99.1%, respectively. MEM and NLB showed mean recovery rates of 86.07 ± 6.87 and 80.31 ± 5.70%, respectively. The stated method was effectively applied in the bioequivalence study of MEM and evaluated its potential for treating Alzheimer’s disease via the nasal route. MEM administered via the nasal route will demonstrate improved bioavailability and efficacy in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease compared to current therapies.
Nanoemulgels: A new approach for the treatment of skin-related disorders
Authors: Joshna B , Sirisolla Janaki Devi
Published: October 2024

Skin-related disorders like psoriasis, dermatitis, acne, and wounds affect a major sector of the global population. Conventional treatment modalities exhibit limitations encompassing systemic adverse effects, suboptimal skin permeability, and variable drug release kinetics. Nanoemulsion-based hydrogels, also known as nanoemulgels, have emerged as a promising approach for topical and transdermal drug delivery, particularly in treating skin disorders. These have the advantages of nanoemulsions and hydrogels, offering enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Further, nanoemulgels can facilitate controlled and sustained drug delivery, reducing the frequency of application and improving patient compliance. These nanoemulgels hold significant prospects in topical and transdermal applications, particularly in delivering therapeutic cargo in diseases such as mycoses, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. This review will outline the functions of nanoemulgels, the building blocks of nanoemulgels, their formulation techniques, evaluation parameters, and their pharmacological applications. Further, an overview of the current state of research in the field of nanoemulgels, future directions, and challenges associated with nanoemulgels was also provided.
Blockchain Technology: A Revolutionary Tool Against Counterfeit Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Bhandari Shweta , Trivedi Rahul , Garg Vishal , Saini Ajay
Published: October 2024

Counterfeit pharmaceuticals pose a significant global health threat, with dire consequences ranging from ineffective treatment to severe health complications and death. This paper explores how blockchain technology (BCT) can revolutionize the fight against counterfeit drugs and enhance healthcare integrity. Counterfeit drugs are defined as medications falsely claiming their source, efficacy, or validity, often containing incorrect amounts of active ingredients or harmful substances, leading to various adverse patient outcomes. Counterfeit drugs remain prevalent, especially in countries labeled as LMICs, with 13.6% an estimate of medications being counterfeit, resulting in financial repercussions exceeding $200 billion. Blockchain technology offers a robust solution to these challenges through its decentralized, tamper-proof digital ledger system. Each transaction recorded on the blockchain is immutable and transparent, ensuring data integrity and preventing unauthorized alterations. This technology can significantly enhance drug traceability, allowing stakeholders to verify the authenticity of medications from manufacture to patient delivery. Blockchain technology's promise to enhance transparency, efficiency, and security in healthcare is compelling. Its adoption can lead to a more resilient, equitable, and patient-centric healthcare ecosystem, reducing counterfeit drugs and improving overall patient care. As blockchain solutions mature and gain acceptance, their impact on the healthcare value chain—from drug discovery to patient care—will become increasingly significant, driving innovation and advancing global health and well-being.
Preformulation Studies, UV Spectral and FTIR Analysis of Allicin.
Authors: Chauhan Suruchi . , Dwivedi Abhishek .
Published: October 2024

Allicin is chemically known as 3-prop-2-enylsulfinylsulfanylprop-1-ene. It is a volatile compound and poorly soluble in water. With a molecular weight is 162.3 g/mol, it is also known as diallyldisulfi-S-oxide, S-allyl-prop-2-ene-1-sulfinothionate and diallyl thiosulfinate. In the present study pre-formulation studies, UV spectral and fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of allicin was reported.
Review on Green Bioanalytical Chemistry with Sustainable Approaches in Method Development: Unveiling the Crucial Role of Sustainable Bioanalysis in the Future of Chemistry
Authors: Reddy Konatham Teja Kumar , Kallam Sudha Divya Madhuri , Bodapati Anoop , Sahithi Alapati
Published: October 2024

Green bioanalytical chemistry, with its focus on incorporating sustainable practices into developing bioanalytical methods, has the potential to significantly reduce the environmental impact of laboratory activities. This approach, while maintaining the high standards required for analytical precision and accuracy, includes key strategies such as reducing hazardous chemicals, optimizing energy use, and implementing waste-reduction practices. This review highlights recent advancements in green bioanalytical chemistry, including green solvent systems, miniaturized techniques, and eco-friendly analytical platforms. We discuss the benefits, such as reduced environmental pollution and improved resource efficiency, challenges, and future perspectives of integrating green principles into bioanalytical method development, emphasizing the balance between sustainability and analytical performance.
In-vivo Evaluation Methods for Preparation of Ophthalmic In-situ Gel
Authors: Kurniawansyah Insan Sunan , DA Insi Farisa , Rusdiana Taofik , Josephine Edrea
Published: October 2024

The eye is a vital component of the human sensory system, but various things can pose a threat to its cleanliness and well-being. An in-situ ophthalmic gel is one of the preparations developed to optimize the pharmacological activity in the eye. This formulation is intended to extend the drug's duration in the eye. An assessment is necessary to guarantee its occurrence and mitigate any adverse repercussions. The literature search conducted in this evaluation focused on an in-vivo study, enabling the collection of various pharmacokinetic data, including Cmax, Tmax, area under curve (AUC), and mean residence time (MRT). The polymer is an essential element in this inquiry, so the selection must be accurate according to the results of the literature review. The most effective method is high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the most effective polymer is a composite polymer formed by combining different types of polymers, such as Pluronic F127 and carbopol, pectin and thiolate, poloxamer and carbopol, and gellan gum and hydroxyethylcellulose. Aside from the polymer mixture, the poloxamer solution has the potential to produce highly positive results.
Review About Role of Radiopharmaceuticals Application in Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Rajagopalan Ramanathan , NR Akshaya , T Yuvasri , R Senthamarai
Published: October 2024

A class of radioactive substances used for medicinal or diagnostic purposes is known as radiopharmaceuticals. The biomolecular characteristics of radiopharmaceuticals, i.e., the regions of the bright signal seen on positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans that indicate a high metabolic requirement for tissue, make them prone to localize to certain tissues, even if their administration is frequently systemic. Radiopharmaceuticals also act as radioactive tracers among patients via gamma-ray emissions. As a result, patients may get radiopharmaceuticals as diagnostic tools to look for any anomalies related to biochemistry, molecular biology, physiology, or anatomy. Internal administration of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals can be used to treat certain abnormal cells or organs by means of a selective impact.
Development of Grafted Copolymers from Plant Exudates and Their Application for Site-Specific Drug Delivery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nanda Naimish , Laware Ravindra B.
Published: October 2024

Grafted copolymers, extracted from plant exudates, have emerged as promising materials for their potential activity in site-specific drug delivery. These biopolymers, derived from natural sources, provide biocompatibility, biodegradability, and functional diversity. This review focuses on the methods of grafting copolymers onto plant exudates, the characterization of these novel materials, and their potential applications in drug delivery to specific targeted areas. We focus on specific grafted polymers such as Tamarindus indica acrylamide grafted polymer (TIAG), Sterculia urens acrylamide grafted polymer (SUAG), and Eucalyptus obliqua acrylamide grafted polymer (EOAG), among others, to investigate their advantageous characteristics in delivering potent molecules to the intended site of action, thereby enhancing crucial modalities such as the onset and duration of action. This review also highlights the mechanisms of drug release, targeting strategies, and the therapeutic benefits of using these biopolymers in medical applications.
The Silent Killer: Influenza Could Become the Biggest Threat Worldwide
Authors: Khobragade Samiksha S , Ingle Rahul G
Published: October 2024

Influenza is, commonly called flu, is an acute respiratory illness that is easily communicated and was estimated to affect about 5-15 percent of the adult population in the US alone annually. It is thus important not to underestimate it even if it is seen as just a slight inconvenience that is actually linked to a very dangerous disease that has been taken lightly for too long. To get a perspective of the threat that influenza poses to humanity, it is important to consider the above challenges that are on human health, global climate, and the economy. In this article, an effort will be made to give details of the current scenario of influenza, the possibilities of this disease becoming a pandemic in the future and the steps that are necessary to contain them equally. This article will highlight the mechanisms of mutation and evolution in Influenza virus including antigenic drift and antigenic shift, the current perspective and understanding of antiviral resistance in Influenza viruses, the mechanisms of resistance and impact on treatment outcome
UPLC-MS/MS Method Development and Validation of Tegafur, Gimeracil, and Oteracil in Rat Plasma and its Application for Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Gangu Sreelatha , Pawar Amgoth Krishnamanjari
Published: October 2024

A successful combination of Tegafur, Gimeracil, and Oteracil is used to treat stomach cancer in adults. Once converted to 5-fluoro uracil, the active form of Tegafur inhibits the manufacture and function of DNA and RNA, hence preventing the proliferation of cancer cells. Consequently, a new, sensitive, and cost-effective bioanalytical approach for the detection of these medications performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry on rat plasma is needed. Isocratic mode was employed at room temperature to achieve separation on a C18 column (150x4.6mmx3.5μm). A mobile phase composed of ACN and 0.1% formic acid was used in the 40:60 ratio with a flow rate of 1mL/min. An analysis was conducted on Tegafur, Gimeracil, and Oteracil using a 6-minute retention time and the retention times of them were found to be 2.027, 3.176, and 4.015 respectively. The R2 values were found to be 0.9999 showing the method linear. The method developed was found to be accurate and precise as per ICH guidelines.
Somatostatin in Treatment of Acute Recurrent Pancreatitis and Role of Endoscopic Ultrasonography in The Diagnostic Workup
Authors: Abdallah Victoria Malak Saleeb , Abdelaleem Ahmed Ali Mohamed , Okasha Hussein Hassan Hussein , Hassan Hatem Ahmed , Ahmed Elham Ahmed Mohammed
Published: October 2024

The pancreas is an elongated, soft, flat, lobulated, and yellowish gland located on the posterior abdominal wall in a transverse orientation. The structure is located in the retroperitoneum and has a thin capsule. An abrupt response to pancreatic injury is known as acute pancreatitis (AP). Chronic pancreatitis can lead to enduring harm to the composition and the pancreas' endocrine and exocrine functions. The term idiopathic RAP (IRAP) is employed when the reason cannot be readily identified by the assessment of physical examination, medical history, basic laboratory tests (calcium and serum triglyceride levels, for example), and diagnostic imaging studies (e.g., CT scans and transabdominal ultrasounds). With endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), you may see the inside of your digestive tract and any surrounding tissues in high resolution and real time. When it comes to evaluating a wide variety of benign and malignant GI illnesses, this technique is both efficient and cost-effective. Somatostatin inhibits the release and manufacture of certain enzymes, which in turn decreases the pancreas' ability to absorb amino acids. The release of somatostatin from the pancreatic islets is stimulated by high glucose concentration.
Emicizumab revolution in treating Hemophilia
Authors: Mukhtar Alaa , Hakeem Gehan L Abdel , Elshereef Rawhya , El-Tahlawy Eman , El-deen Mohamed A Bahaa
Published: October 2024

HemophiliaA (H.A.) has beenanuncommon hereditary X-linked bleeding disorder indicated by clotting factorVIII (FVIII)deficiency, leading to impaired hemostasis. H.A. affects approximately one in 5,000male births in the U.S., often resulting in spontaneous joint bleeding, chronic pain, and an increased risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Prophylactic treatment with FVIII replacement or the bispecific antibody emicizumab has become a crucial strategy to prevent bleeding episodes and long-term tissue damage. Emicizumab, approved by the FDA & EMA in2018, mimics FVIII activity by binding to activated factorIX (FIXa) & factorX (F.X.), facilitating blood clotting regardless of FVIII inhibitors.
The development of emicizumab involved extensive bioengineering to optimize its safety, stability, and efficacy, leading to its successful application in clinical trials. These trials demonstrated that emicizumab significantly decreases the annualized bleeding rate in studied cases with or without inhibitors, including severe H.A. cases, with a favorable safety profile and minimal adverse events. Emicizumab's subcutaneous administration, high bioavailability, and predictable pharmacokinetics make it a practical option for H.A. prophylaxis.
Despite its benefits, emicizumab can interfere with specific coagulation assays and may develop anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) in rare cases, potentially reducing its efficacy. Ongoing research and post-marketing surveillance continue to assess its long-term safety and effectiveness, making emicizumab a transformative treatment in managing hemophilia A.
Prevalence of Pre-Hypertension and Hypertension in Rural Adults: The Role of Lifestyle and Yoga Participation
Authors: Madasamy Senthil , Arora Namita , Arora Pankaj
Published: October 2024

Hypertension (HTN) and pre-hypertension are significant global health challenges, particularly in rural populations where
access to healthcare and lifestyle education is limited. This cross-sectional study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital in
Erode, Tamil Nadu, beginning in October 2022, aimed to quantify the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension
among 412 rural adults and explore the role of lifestyle factors, particularly yoga participation, in blood pressure
management. A total of 412 participants were surveyed for demographic details, lifestyle habits, and health metrics such
as blood pressure, BMI, and heart rate. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and
diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg, while pre-hypertension was defined as SBP 120-139 mmHg or DBP 80-89
mmHg. The study found a 32% prevalence of hypertension and a 28% prevalence of pre-hypertension. Regular yoga
participants had significantly lower systolic (mean 120 mmHg) and diastolic (mean 75 mmHg) BP compared to nonpractitioners
(mean SBP 135 mmHg, DBP 85 mmHg). These findings highlight the critical role of yoga and lifestyle
changes in managing blood pressure in rural populations, supporting the need for public health policies that promote yoga
as a preventive intervention.