bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Accounting Practices and Business Health of Listed Oil and Gas Firms in Nigeria (2012-2021)
Authors: Olaoye Clement O. , Alao Oluwaseun R.
Published: August 2023

This study was carried out to examine the effect of green accounting practice on business health of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. Objectively, the study focuses on the proprietary ratio and earnings per share as the proxies for business health. Ex-post facto research design was adopted to provide important information on phenomenon under investigation without any manipulation of the situation. The philosophical approach that was adopted is positivism. The study adapted the model used by Olayinka and Oluwamayowa (2017) which expressed financial performance proxied by return on asset as a function of the adoption of green accounting practice disclosure. Consequently, it was discovered that waste management practices disclosure had a negative and insignificant effect on earnings per share to the tune of -0.0155705 (p=0.964 > 0.05). This outcome is against the expected positive effect and by implication, it connotes that with just a 1% increase in waste management practices disclosure, earnings per share will reduce by 0.02%. The inference of this discovery is that waste management practices disclosure has no potency to significantly influence earnings per share of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. It is negative, probably because avoidance or ineffective waste reduction or waste avoidance tends to maximize cost in the organization, thereby resulting in low performance and sustainability. Finally, it was revealed that green restoration practices disclosure had a negative effect on proprietary ratio and earnings per share. However, the negative effect is significant for earnings per share to the tune of -0.5270926 (p=0.000<0.05) against the insignificant effect on proprietary ratio with the coefficient and probability value of -2.781 (p=0.356>0.05). By implication, this means that earnings per share and propriety ratio would reduce by 0.53% and 2.78%, when green accounting practices in terms of green restoration practices disclosure increase by 1%. It was concluded that green accounting practices still have the capacity to influence the business health of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria.
The Social Characteristics of Fisherman Communities in Cangkol Village, Cirebon, Indonesia
Authors: Utami Rizka Zahra , Suryana Asep Agus Handaka , Apriliani Izza Mahdiana , Maulina Ine
Published: August 2023

The social mapping is intended to map social characteristics, as well as to analyze the driving and inhibiting factors of the fishing community in Cangkol Village, using a survey method with a questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. The research was conducted in April–June 2023. The fishing community of Kampung Cangkol is a community with the majority of middle-aged individuals graduating from elementary school, Muslim, with Cirebonese ethnicity who still preserve local traditions and wisdom. Fishermen's wives have a double role as being in charge of domestic affairs and helping fishermen earn a living. There is a patron-client relationship between fishermen and middlemen as the main access to capital in the fishing business. The upper layer in the fishing community of Cangkol Village is community leaders, the middle layer is skipper fishermen, and the lower layer is the Ship's Crew (ABK). The fishing community in Cangkol Village are fishermen with a traditional fishing unit. The driving factors in the fishing effort of the Cangkol Village fishing community are the preservation of cultural manifestations in the community, the fishermen's wives' dual roles, kinship, and social organizations. The inhibiting factors in the fishing business are weather, age structure, level of education, the existence of middlemen, and the use of technology that is still traditional.
An Overview on Health Benefits of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Yadav Prerna , Lamba Ankita , Meena Amit , Tanwar Reenu , Choudhary Akansha , Choudhary Alka , Choudhary Warsha
Published: August 2023

Ayurvedic plants are now used more frequently in veterinary medications because they are organic and have lower toxicity and negative side effects. Withania somnifera is also known as “Ashwagandha”, and is well-known herbal plant cultivated in arid regions of India that is used in traditional medicine. Different plant components have medicinal capabilities, but the root offers the greatest number of advantages for health. Alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenol, steroidal lactones (withanolides, withaferins), saponins containing an additional acyl group (sitoindoside VII and VIII), and withanolides (sitoindoside IX and X) are the main active phytoconstituents in plant extract acquires immunomodulatory, hemopoietic, hepatic tonic, anti-inflammatory, adaptogenic, antitumor, antistress, antibacterial, antioxidative, and astringent properties. The most popular and widely utilized root powder of W. somnifera for pharmacological research is its aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic, and ether extracts.
Assessment of Pesticide Mixtures for Unmanned Aerial Spraying in Rice: A Physical Compatibility Perspective
Authors: Ragiman Sreenath , Talluri Kiran Babu , Varma N. R. G. , Sagar B. Vidya , Devi G. Uma
Published: August 2023

The use of drone spraying technology has shown great promise in overcoming the limitations of manual spraying in agriculture. However, ensuring the physical compatibility of pesticide mixtures for drone applications remains a crucial aspect. In this study, we conducted an experiment to investigate the physical compatibility of five insecticides viz, chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, tetraniliprole 200 SC, cartap hydrochloride 50% SP, flubendiamide 39.35% SC, and acephate 50% + imidacloprid 1.8% SP with five fungicides viz, picoxystrobin 7.5% + tricyclazole 22.5% SC, azoxystrobin 18.2% + difenoconazole 11.4% SC, tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG, picoxystrobin 7% + propiconazole 12% SC, and prochloraz 23.5% + tricyclazole 20% SE at drone and taiwan spraying concentrations by jar compatibility test. Among the 25 combinations tested only seven combinations at drone spraying concentration showed foaming ranging from 15-20 ml/l. Furthermore, none of the pesticides or their combinations shown alkaline pH. Thus, all the pesticide combinations demonstrated resistance to alkaline degradation, potentially leading to the formation of sedimentation when these pesticides are combined.
Development and Nutritional Analysis of Taro Powder [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott.] Enriched with Natural Colorants
Authors: Das Simanta , Kandali Ranjan , Baishya Samindra
Published: August 2023

Aims: To prepare an anthocyanin rich food product from Indigenous plant species.

Study Design: Lab experiments based on CRD statistical analysis.

Place and Duration of Study: Department biochemistry and agricultural chemistry, Assam Agricultural university, Jorhat, Assam, India between June 2018 and January 2020.

Methodology: We collected anthocyanin rich plant samples viz.  fruits of jamun (S. cumini L. and S. fruticosum Roxb. DC.), full-grown flowers of rose (R. indica L.) and studied the stability of total anthocyanin under pH, temperature and light. Taro powder was selected with low oxalic acid content to prepare an anthocyanin rich food product. The storage duration was also study biochemically for its commercial application.

Results: total anthocyanin content as 124.87±0.07 mg/100g (S. cumini L.) followed by 115.26±0.09 mg/100g (R. indica L.) and 91.41±0.09 mg/100 g (S. fruticosum Roxb. DC.). The anthocyanin pigments were found to be stable at an acidic pH (up to pH 5) and below 40º C temperature and activity was maintained under a light of 2500 lux for 6 hours. A novel food product was developed by immobilizing pigments extracted from S. cumini L., S. fruticosum Roxb. DC. and R. indica L. on Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. (variety: Ahina) powder.

Conclusion: Anthcyanins act as potent antioxidant but its stability after extraction is a major concern. By applying different storage condition and suitable carrier material selection it can be stored for long.
Assessment of Tank Water Spread Area in Cheyyar Sub Basin Using Sentinel 1A Data
Authors: Sakthivel S. , Sivamurugan A. P. , Pazhanivelan S. , Ragunath K. P. , Suganthi A.
Published: August 2023

A research study was conducted for estimating the water spread area of tanks in Cheyyar sub basin for the year 2022. Tanks are low-cost irrigation water source and play a key role in recharge of ground water. Mapping and regular monitoring of tanks plays an important role in water resource planning. Sentinel-1A SAR data has high potential in estimating water spread area as it is unaffected by cloud cover, light or weather conditions. After processing the obtained satellite data using SNAP software, the water spread area was obtained by threshold approach. The backscattering (dB) value ranged between -30.641 and 22.898 during the course of study. The total water spread area was noticed maximum and minimum during the month of January and July with 5728.20 ha and 1123.44 ha (21.88% and 4.29 % of total tank area) respectively. The total rainfall received in Cheyyar sub basin was about 1290 mm. The water spread area seems to be proportional to the rainfall of previous and current months.
Effect of Phosphorus and Sulphur on Growth, Protein Content, Yield and Economics of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: Parashar Aman , Sharma Yagyavalkya , Jaiswal Vishakha
Published: August 2023

To study the effect of phosphorus and sulphur levels on growth, protein content, yield and economic profitability of black gram production in, a field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2018-19 at the Research Farm, School of Agriculture, ITM University, Gwalior, (M.P.). The experiment was conducted in factorial in randomized block design with four phosphorus levels (0 kg/ha (P0), 20 kg/ha (P1), 40 kg/ha (P2) and 60 kg/ha (P3)) along with three Sulphur levels (10 kg/ha (S1), 20 kg/ha (S2) and 30 kg/ha (S3)) which were replicated thrice. The black gram variety “Awasthi” was uniformly fertilized by 20 kg N/ha and 20 kg K2O / ha using Urea and muriate of potash. However, phosphorus and Sulphur were applied using Single Super Phosphate and Cossavet as per the requirement of the treatments. The results revealed that the application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha recorded significantly highest plant height (37.12 cm) at 60 DAS, the maximum number of branches per plant (6.33), the maximum number of leaves per plant (10.62) at 60 DAS, seed yield (14.12 q/ha), Stover yield (35.42 q/ha). While among the sulphur levels, application of Sulphur @ 30 kg/ha recorded significantly highest plant height (36.19 cm), the maximum number of branches per plant (6.06), the maximum number of leaves per plant (10.01) at 60 DAS, higher seed yield (12.55 q/ha) and Stover yield (31.85 q/ha). Among the economics, the combined application of phosphorus @ 60 kg with the application of Sulphur @ 30 kg/ ha produced significantly the highest net returns and Benefit Cost. Thus, the application of phosphorus @ 60 kg along with the application of Sulphur @ 30 kg/ ha was found to be the most promising treatment in enhancing the growth and yield in black gram.
An Integrated Effect of Weed Management in Blackgram
Authors: Kumari Boya Mamatha , Yassin M. Mohamed , Fanish S. Anitta , Vanitha K. , Padmanathan P. K.
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Wetlands farm, Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during summer season (March-June) of 2023, to study the effect of different weed management practices on weed flora, weed growth and yield of summer irrigated blackgram (VBN11). The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments and three replications. Treatments comprised of power operated weeder  at 15 DAS and 30 DAS with 40 × 7.5 cm and 45 × 7.5 cm plant spacing; pre-emergence application of  pendimethalin 30% EC @ 1 kg ha-1 fb (followed by) power operated weeder at 20 DAS with 40 × 7.5 cm and 45 × 7.5 cm plant spacing; pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 30% EC @1 kg ha-1 fb early post emergence application of Imazethapyr @ 100 g ha-1 + Quizalofop-ethyl @ 50 g ha-1 (Tank mix) at 20 DAS  with 40 × 7.5 cm plant spacing and 45 × 7.5 cm plant spacing; hand weeding at 20 DAS and 40 DAS with 30 × 10 cm plant spacing. The results revealed that among the various weed management practices, the weeds were effectively controlled by the pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 30 % EC @ 1 kg  ha-1fb power weeder at 20 DAS with 40 × 7.5 cm plant spacing with significantly lower weed density, higher Weed Control Efficiency and higher grain yield (881 kg ha-1).
Spatial and Temporal Variation of Fish Assemblage Associated with Aquatic Macrophytes in Three Small Lagoons of the SOUTH-Eastern, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Konan Kouadio Justin , Eyi Annigbé Justin , N’Da Konan , Atsé Boua Célestin
Published: August 2023

Aquatic plants play a crucial role in an aquatic ecosystem partly because these plant communities provide suitable habitats and food items to other aquatic organisms especially fish. The purpose of the present study was to examine spatial variation in fish assemblage structure associated with aquatic macrophytes in Ono, Kodjoboue and Hebe lagoons, three small lagoons of Côte d’Ivoire. Fish were monthly sampled from September 2014 to August 2016 using traps, gill nets, harpoons and hawks. The abiotic parameters namely temperature, transparency, pH, total dissolved solids, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, ammonium-nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate were recorded for the characterization of the water mass in the lagoons. Significant variation in water parameters was observed among the sampling lagoons, except for nitrite and ammonium-nitrogen. However, no significant different was obtained between Kodjoboue and Hebe lagoons. A total of 42, 35 and 37 species were recorded respectively in Ono, Kodjoboue and Hebe lagoons, with Perciformes (22 species), Siluriformes (8 species) and Osteoglossiformes (7 species) being the most diverse Orders. Habitats with highly amounts of macrophyte cover provide the optimal environment for many fish and hence, increase the taxonomic richness, abundance, diversity and equitability. The multivariate analysis showed that temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, pH and ammonium-nitrogen and macrophyte were key environmental variables and played important roles in determining species composition of fish assemblages.
Investigation of Lower and Upper Bounds of a Jump Graph Using Topological Indices
Authors: Veena M. G. , Narendra V. H.
Published: August 2023

Topological indices are a type of mathematical measure that relate to the atomic composition of any straight forward finite graph. For quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) analyses [1]. The main aim of this paper is to find new bounds of a jump graph using some topological indices like Hyper Zagreb index, Nirmala Index, VL Index and Forgotten topological index.The Topological indices are mathematical techniques used to mathematically correlate the relationship between the chemical structure and various physical attributes, chemical reactivity, or biological activity.
Numerical Simulation Study of Dredger Impeller Based on Fluid-Solid Coupling
Authors: Yu Kai
Published: August 2023

Aims: The majority of current research on submerged impellers concentrates on transient hydrodynamic properties; however, the modifications to the flow field and impeller caused by fluid-solid interaction have not been sufficiently studied.

Study Design: The vibration and deformation of the impeller due to the flow field's changing flow velocity will have an impact on the impeller's stability.

Methodology: In this study, two-way fluid-structure coupling is used to investigate variations in impeller dynamic stress as well as changes in the flow field's properties at various inlet velocities.

Results: The larger the flow velocity, the smaller the impeller's final deformation is, and the difference between the deformation at various flow velocities is approximately. 2%. The analysis and comparison of the maximum equivalent force diagrams at various velocities reveals that the maximum equivalent force in the impeller increases from 4.0615 MPa to 62.323 MPa with an increase in the flow velocity, exhibiting a jump growth. The maximum stress occurs at the beginning of the impeller's movement and reaches a maximum of 173.17 MPa. The maximum stress decreases with increasing flow field inlet velocity, falling to 168.65 MPa and 159.37 MPa at 2m/s and 3m/s, respectively.

Conclusion: The results based on the two-phase flow model and k-turbulence model demonstrate that the impeller deformation increases stepwise from inside to outside, and the total deformation of the impeller decreases as the flow field's inlet velocity increases. The maximum stress of the impeller first appears at the junction of the hub and the fan blade, where the stress decreases with the increase of flow velocity, and the maximum stress appears in the middle of the impeller.
Risk Factors of Body Mass Index and Hypertension on Preeclampsia during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Suryowati Trini , Sirait Batara Imanuel , Zabrina Lavenia
Published: August 2023

Preeclampsia, known as the "new onset of persistent hypertension," can increase the morbidity and mortality of mothers and fetus. The Indonesian Health Profile shows that the maternal mortality rate (MMR) due to preeclampsia in Indonesia reaches 25%. The Corona Virus Disease 2019 impacted the access to, and quality health services, including for maternal and neonatal. This study aim to determine the risk factors for preeclampsia at Budhi Asih Hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic. This was a retrospective, observational case-controlled study, using medical records of woman on antenatal care from March 2020 – March 2022. Samples size was 128 participants (64 cases and 64 controls) using a simple random technique. Data analysis used the Chi-square test and logistic regression. The results showed that the variables associated with the incidence of preeclampsia were maternal age (p=0.049), parity status (p=0.041), chronic hypertension (p=0.000), and BMI (p=0.003). Variables that were not related to the incidence of preeclampsia were previous history of preeclampsia (p=0.094), pregnancy interval (p=0.367), and family history of preeclampsia (p=0.154). The most dominant variable was chronic hypertension (OR 36.162; 95% CI 4.453-293.655). This study concludes that chronic hypertension, obesity, age at risk (<20 years or >35 years), and nullipara or primipara are risk factors for preeclampsia at Budhi Asih Hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Your Son Is a Very Sick Boy: What One Says Matters
Authors: Mazza Debra Normyle
Published: August 2023

In this narrative medicine essay, a palliative care counselor identifies gaps in the meaning of common terms between the medical community and the loved ones of individuals with traumatic injuries by reflecting on her current work as a counselor in a trauma center and to her experiences after her son’s fatal car crash.
Trends in 340B Drug Pricing Program Contract Growth Among Retail Pharmacies From 2009 to 2022
Authors: Nikpay Sayeh , McGlave Claire C. , Bruno John P. , Yang Haishan , Watts Elizabeth
Published: August 2023

This cross-sectional study assesses the increases and decreases over time in the number of pharmacy contracts, distance from contracting pharmacies, and proportion of pharmacy contracts with safety-net practices in the US.
Measures of Connectivity and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Volumes and Depressive Symptoms Following Treatment With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Adolescents
Authors: Lee Kyung Hwa , Shin Jiyoon , Lee Jung , Yoo Jae Hyun , Kim Jae-Won , Brent David A.
Published: August 2023

Importance

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered a first-line pharmacological treatment for adolescent depression with moderate or higher levels of symptom severity. Thus, it is important to understand neurobiological changes related to SSRIs during the course of treatment for adolescents with depression.

Objective

To examine neurobiological changes associated with SSRI treatment in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) by measuring longitudinal changes in volume and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a core region of cognitive control.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study was conducted with an open-label design. Adolescents with MDD and healthy controls were recruited at the Seoul National University Hospital (Seoul, South Korea). Adolescents with MDD were treated with escitalopram for 8 weeks. Data analysis was conducted between April 2021 and February 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Children’s Depression Rating Scale–Revised. The outcome measure was defined as the change in Children’s Depression Rating Scale–Revised scores from week 0 (before treatment) to week 8 (after treatment) or upon termination. Participants completed structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) assessments before (week 0) and after (week 8) SSRI treatment. Repeated measures analysis of variance and liner mixed model analyses were used to examine the longitudinal associations of SSRI treatment with DLPFC volume and rsFC between responders who showed at least a 40% decrease in depressive symptoms and nonresponders who did not.

Results

Ninety-five adolescents with MDD and 57 healthy controls were initially recruited. The final analyses of volume included 36 responders (mean [SD] age, 15.0 [1.6] years; 25 girls [69.4%]) and 26 nonresponders (mean [SD] age, 15.3 [1.5] years; 19 girls [73.1%]). Analyses of rsFC included 33 responders (mean [SD] age, 15.2 [1.5] years; 21 girls [63.6%]) and 26 nonresponders (mean [SD] age, 15.3 [1.5] years; 19 girls [73.1%]). The longitudinal associations of SSRI treatment were more evident in responders than in nonresponders. Responders showed significantly increased right DLPFC volume, decreased bilateral DLPFC rsFC with the superior frontal gyri, and decreased left DLPFC rsFC with the ventromedial PFC after treatment compared with before treatment. Furthermore, increased right DLPFC volume was correlated with decreased rsFC between the right DLPFC and superior frontal gyri after SSRI treatment.

Conclusions and Relevance

The preliminary results of this cohort study suggest that the DLPFC volumetric and rsFC changes may serve as potential neurobiological treatment markers that are associated with symptom improvement in adolescents with MDD.
Regulating Orientational Crystallization and Buried Interface for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by a Multi‐Fluorine‐Containing Higher Fullerene Derivative
Authors: Song Peiquan , Hou Enlong , Liang Yuming , Luo Jiefeng , Xie Liqiang , Qiu Jianhang , Tian Chengbo , Wei Zhanhua
Published: August 2023

Perovskite films prepared by the solution process usually result in irregular grain orientation and rich buried interface defects, hindering the further improvement of device performance. Herein, multi‐fluorine‐containing C60‐ and C70 (higher fullerene)‐porphyrin derivatives, F60PD and F70PD, are synthesized and pre‐buried to modify the SnO2/perovskite heterointerface. The F70PD modification layer provides a better perovskite quality and more effective electron transporting capability compared to the corresponding F60PD, with the F70PD being more effective in regulating the perovskite growth, passivating the buried interface defects, and optimizing the interface energy level alignment. Consequently, the F70PD‐based device delivers superior efficiency and stability than the control and F60PD‐based devices. The F70PD‐based device yields a champion efficiency of 24.09% with negligible hysteresis. Meanwhile, due to the increased activation energy of ion migration, the F70PD‐based device maintains 80% of its initial efficiency after operating at the maximum power point for 1620 h. This study highlights the potential of designing higher fullerene materials for buried interface to further improve the perovskite solar cells’ performance.
Flexible Sponge‐Based Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting from Land and Water Transportation
Authors: Xu Hui , Wang Xiutong , Nan Youbo , Zhou Hui , Wu Yan , Wang Mingxing , Liu Weilong , Duan Jizhou , Huang Yanliang , Hou Baorong
Published: August 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) devices with high robustness are promising in collecting powerful energy. In this study, highly elastic and pressure‐resistance sponge fabricated TENG capable of adapting to high strength impact in land and water transportation and scalable for any shape is demonstrated for harvesting wave energy and mechanical energy. The polydimethylsiloxane sponge prepared by sacrificial template method has interconnected network and large size ratio of cavity‐wall suitable for contact and separation. The operation modes of self‐contact and extra‐contact collaborating with MXene in electron transfer provide options for different operating conditions. The polydopamine‐MXene modification of the sponge enables higher output due to the combination of the electronegativity, excellent adhesion, and antioxidant ability. Sponges are used to collect mechanical energy and applied for TENG‐powered cathodic protection, making the 304 stainless steel (304 SS, Φ = 2 mm) electrode enter a thermodynamic stable state. What's more, the work also tries the universal strategies of program monitoring wave in the water tank and harvests the mechanical energy created by cars and passers‐by, which enrich the applications of sponge TENG.
Utilizing Magnetic‐Field Modulation to Efficiently Improve the Performance of LiCoO2||Graphite Pouch Full Batteries
Authors: Zhang Weijun , Gao Jingguo , Huang Yulin , Xu Guigui , Chen Yue , Zhao Guiying , Lin Yingbin , Huang Zhigao , Li Jiaxin
Published: August 2023

The present lithium‐ion battery technology competition almost focuses on finding new materials, while less effort is invested in electrode engineering improvement with low‐cost. This study proposes a simple method of modulating the preferred orientation of crystal phases in LiCoO2 electrode using a ≈500 mT magnetic‐field, cheaply and efficiently improving the performance of LiCoO2||graphite pouch full batteries, including cycling stability, rate performance, and thermal safety performance. Under 3.0 C and 45 °C strict test conditions, LiCoO2‐M⊥||graphite battery even outputs the capacity retention rate of 42.8% after 1000 cycles, while that of pure‐LiCoO2 battery is only 4.4%. Especially, the thermal runaway temperature of the battery needling experiment decreases by considerable 7.7 °C after magnetic‐field modulation. Comprehensive characterizations reveal that vertical magnetic field causes spin alignment of LiCoO2 crystals along the (003) direction. This arrangement effectively improves the Li+ diffusion dynamic and the interface compatibility of the electrode, suppressing the electrode polarization. During the cycling processes, the preferred orientation of LiCoO2 particles forms an enhanced conductive network due to the formation of cross‐linked “Li+ poor regions” on the surface, ultimately achieving significant performance improvement. This work can provide a potential low‐cost strategy for the production of commercial lithium‐ion batteries.
A Multiple Resonance Emitter Integrating Para‐B‐π‐B′/Meta‐N‐π‐N Pattern via an Unembedded Organoboron Decoration for Both High‐Efficiency Solution‐ and Vacuum‐Processed OLEDs
Authors: Wang Hui , Fan Xiao‐Chun , Chen Jia‐Xiong , Cheng Ying‐Chun , Zhang Xi , Wu Hao , Xiong Xin , Yu Jia , Wang Kai , Zhang Xiao‐Hong
Published: August 2023

Multiple resonance (MR)‐type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have promising prospects for high‐color‐purity organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), but they are seldom attempted in the fabrication of solution‐processed devices. In addition, another issue with MR‐TADF emitters is that their heteroatom patterns are very limited, hampering their diversity. Herein, a novel double boron (B)‐containing MR‐TADF paradigm that merges an unembedded organoboron unit and a B‐embedded π‐fused MR framework into one system, furnishing a unique para‐B‐π‐B′/meta‐N (nitrogen)‐π‐N molecular pattern is proposed. Based on this, a proof‐of‐concept molecule, BNB′‐1, is developed, simultaneously achieving a bright sharp emission peaking at 540 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of only 24.5 nm/98 meV, a nearly unity photoluminescence quantum yield and excellent organic solubility. A solution‐processed OLED using BNB′‐1 emitter delivers an impressive external quantum efficiency (EQE) as high as 36.2% with an emissive FWHM of only 30.0 nm/0.13 eV at ≈540 nm; both parameters set new records among the ever‐reported solution‐processed MR‐OLEDs. Moreover, BNB′‐1 also obtains a superhigh EQE of 40.3% in vacuum‐processed OLEDs, surpassing all MR‐OLEDs in the similar emission region. This work provides an interesting solution to develop high‐performance solution‐processable MR‐TADF emitters with diverse heteroatom patterns.
3D Covalent Polyoxovanadate‐Organic Framework as an Anode for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yingnan , Li Wenliang , Li Yingqi , Qiu Tianyu , Mu Xin , Ma Yuzhu , Zhao Yan , Zhang Jingping , Zhang Jiangwei , Li Yangguang , Tan Huaqiao
Published: August 2023

Polyoxometalates (POMs), as a unique class well‐defined metal‐oxo clusters with excellent multielectron redox properties, have attracted extensive attention in the field of energy storage and conversion, but it is still challenging to achieve their highly uniform and stable monodispersed. In this study, for the first time, polyoxovanadate (POV) is used, (NH4)2[VIV3VV3O10{NH2C(CH2O)3}3] (tris‐V6O19), as nodes and successfully obtain a 3D covalent polyoxovanadate‐organic framework through a green hydrothermal synthesis method, termed POF‐1. Total scattering atomic pair distribution function analysis confirms that POF‐1 has a noninterpenetrated diamond‐like framework, fully exposing the monodispersed tris‐V6O19, effectively utilizing the active components of VIV/VV and enhancing surface mass transfer. Notably, POF‐1 demonstrates exceptional performance in lithium‐ion batteries, achieving a high reversible capacity of 887.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and retaining over 92% capacity at 1 C during 1000 cycles. Electrochemistry mechanism and density functional theory calculations reveal that V centers in tris‐V6O19 and carbonyls (C═O) in BDOEB linkers are the main active sites, with each POF‐1 fragment capable of storing up to 14 Li+. This study opens a new pathway for the efficient and green synthesis of new 3D well‐defined POM‐organic frameworks, and shows great application prospect in the field of energy storage.
Solution‐Processed Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Nanofilms for High‐Performance Resistive Memory Devices
Authors: Yang Xue , Huang Jian , Gao Shuiying , Zhao Yanqi , Huang Tao , Li Hongfang , Liu Tianfu , Yu Zhiyang , Cao Rong
Published: August 2023

The integration of hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) into electronic devices holds great promise due to their high crystallinity, intrinsic porosity, and easy regeneration. However, despite their potential, the utilization of HOFs in electronic devices remains largely unexplored, primarily due to the challenges associated with fabricating high‐quality films. Herein, a controlled synthesis of HOF nanofilms with smooth surface, good crystallinity, and high orientation is achieved using a solution‐processed approach. The memristors exhibit outstanding bipolar switching performance with a low set voltage of 0.86 V, excellent retention of 1.64 × 104 s, and operational endurance of 60 cycles. Additionally, these robust memristors display remarkable thermal stability, maintaining their performance even at elevated temperatures of up to 200 °C. More strikingly, scratched HOF films can be readily regenerated through a simple solvent rinsing process, enabling their reuse for the fabrication of new memristors, which is difficult to achieve with traditional resistive switching materials. Additionally, a switching mechanism based on the reversible formation and annihilation of conductive filaments is revealed. This work provides novel and invaluable insights that have a significant impact on advancing the widespread adoption of HOFs as active layers in electronic devices.
Inhibiting Oil Overflow in Electrowetting Display through Selectively Hydrophilic Modification of the Pixel Wall Based on Polydopamine and Polydopamine/Polyvinylpyrrolidone via Regional Protection Strategy
Authors: Xu Fan , Chen Wangqiao , Tang Biao , Zhou Guofu
Published: August 2023

Due to the advantages of low power consumption, visual health, flexibility, and the potential of color dynamics, Electrowetting Display (EWD) has obtained rapid development in recent decades. One issue that affects the display effect and the lifetime of EWD devices is the overflow of oil across the pixel wall when a high electric field is applied. This paper adopts a method through selectively hydrophilic modification of the pixel wall based on dopamine self‐polymerization via a regional protection strategy by liquid. The static contact angle decreases from 75.4° for the original surface to 48.8° for the modified surface. Due to the limited hydrophilicity of dopamine itself, it is difficult to further improve the surface hydrophilicity of the pixel wall. Taking polydopamine as the intermediate layer, the pixel wall is further modified with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) through multiple hydrogen bonds. The results show that the static contact angle decreased from 48.8° to 29.2° again, resulting in a larger wettability gradient between the pixel wall and the hydrophobic area. In addition, the phenomenon of oil overflow is significantly prevented. When the EWD device is operated at a high voltage (60 V), no oil flows over the pixel wall.
Revitalizing Inert Materials: Grafting Self‐Oscillating, Stimuli‐Responsive Organometallic Polymers for Pulsating Systems
Authors: Pirkin‐Benameur Johanne , Bouad Vincent , Lefèbvre Flora , Bouyer Denis , Sénéchal‐David Katell , Rebilly Jean‐Noël , Banse Frédéric , Fournier David , Woisel Patrice , Lyskawa Joël , Quemener Damien
Published: August 2023

A major challenge in materials science is dynamically adjusting material properties using sensors and control systems. This contribution develops a new approach using a self‐oscillating copolymer to autonomously change material surface properties in response to environmental changes. A redox‐sensitive terpolymer of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), dimethylacrylamide (DMAc), and an iron‐based comonomer ([(phen)2(phen‐5‐yl‐acrylamide)FeII](PF6)2) is synthesized via Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization, catalyzing an oscillating redox reaction (Belousov‐Zhabotinsky, BZ). The terpolymer oscillates from soluble to insoluble around 35 °C based on the iron's oxidation state. A catechol unit is incorporated to enhance versatility, enabling grafting onto different surfaces. Optimal BZ reagent concentrations are explored for maximum oscillation amplitude and frequency. By selecting a working temperature between redox transition points, the copolymer's oscillation from coil to globular conformation is observed due to redox oscillations. The self‐oscillating copolymer is grafted onto an ultrafiltration membrane, where conformational changes cause variations in pore size, leading to rapid negative flux peaks that disrupt the flux and reduce membrane fouling during protein filtration. This study highlights self‐oscillating polymers' ability to impart dynamic properties to inert materials, paving the way for smart materials with self‐regulating properties to adapt to changing conditions.
Parabolic Mirror‐Assisted Thermoelectric and Radiative Cooling System for Maximizing Power Generation Utilizing Solar and Outer Space Thermodynamic Resources
Authors: Jeong Ik Hoon , Park Sang Wook , Kim Min Seong , Kim June Tae , Lee Gil Ju
Published: August 2023

Radiative cooling technology is extensively researched as a green technology, leveraging outer space as a thermodynamic resource. Recently, integrating thermoelectric generators (TEGs) and radiative coolers (RCs) are proposed to generate power using the temperature difference between the ambient and the radiative cooler. However, current TEG‐RC systems only utilize one thermodynamic resource, resulting in suboptimal efficiency. It proposes a parabolic mirror‐assisted TEG‐RC system that fully utilizes both the Sun and outer space as thermodynamic resources. The system places the hot side of the TEG, covered by a solar absorber (SA), at the focal point of the parabolic mirror, while the RC is located on the cold side of the TEG. Theoretical and experimental results reveal the optimal ratio between the RC and SA sizes to balance the power mismatch between cooling and heating powers. It also finds that the number of TEG stacks significantly affects power generation efficiency and determines the optimal number. Outdoor measurements demonstrate exceptional power generation during the daytime, which is an unprecedented achievement. This study also demonstrates the further enhancement in power generation efficiency when the proposed system is integrated with concentrated solar cells instead of the SA.
Key Determining Factors for the Emitting Dipole Orientation of Exciplexes
Authors: Jang Ho Jin , Lee Kyung Hyung , Lim Jun Seop , Kim Jae‐Min , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: August 2023

Exciplexes have attracted interest as hosts and emitters that provide high efficiency and long lifetimes in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the emitting dipole orientation (EDO) of exciplexes has been overlooked despite its importance for high efficiency. In this work, the EDO of exciplexes is investigated by changing the p‐type host. Various p‐type hosts are mixed with 2,4,6‐tris[3‐(diphenylphosphinyl)phenyl]‐1,3,5‐triazine for exciplex formation. The EDO of the exciplexes is aligned vertically with p‐type hosts having hydrophobic or electron‐poor central units while dispersing the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) at the end of the molecules, whereas it is isotropic with p‐type hosts having widely distributed HOMO on the whole molecular structure without any orientation‐managing central unit. The results show that EDO can be correlated with the outcoupling efficiency of exciplex OLEDs.
Thermally Reversible On‐Off Switching of Aggregation‐Induced Emission via LCST Phase Transition of Ionic Liquids in Water
Authors: Iwasawa Hironobu , Uchida Daisuke , Hara Yoichi , Tanaka Masaki , Nakamura Nobuhumi , Ohno Hiroyuki , Ichikawa Takahiro
Published: August 2023

A new phosphonium‐based ionic liquid is designed and synthesized using the 1,1,2,2‐tetraphenylethene‐derived anion ([P4444]4[TSPE]). Aqueous solutions of [P4444]4[TSPE] are obtained as transparent liquids (monophasic state), which suspended with increasing temperature. This behavior is found to exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase transition behavior. The LCST phase transition temperature can be controlled from 36 to 55 °C by changing the weight ratio between [P4444]4[TSPE] and water. When observing the LCST phase transition behavior of aqueous solutions of [P4444]4[TSPE] under excitation light with a wavelength of 365 nm, negligible photoluminescence in the monophasic state is observed at room temperature. Conversely, strong photoluminescence is observed in the suspended state when the temperature is above the LCST phase transition temperature. This strong photoluminescence is attributed to aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) that is induced by the restriction of the intramolecular rotations of the 4‐sulfophenyl groups against the ethylene core in the [TSPE] anion. This behavior is thermally reversible. This is the first example of on‐off switching of AIE achieved using the LCST behavior of ionic liquids.
Exploring the 3D Conformation of Hard‐Core Soft‐Shell Particles Adsorbed at a Fluid Interface
Authors: Vialetto Jacopo , Camerin Fabrizio , Ramakrishna Shivaprakash N. , Zaccarelli Emanuela , Isa Lucio
Published: August 2023

The encapsulation of a rigid core within a soft polymeric shell allows obtaining composite colloidal particles that retain functional properties, e.g., optical or mechanical. At the same time, it favors their adsorption at fluid interfaces with a tunable interaction potential to realize tailored two‐dimensional (2D) materials. Although they have already been employed for 2D assembly, the conformation of single particles, which is essential to define the monolayer properties, has been largely inferred via indirect or ex situ techniques. Here, by means of in situ atomic force microscopy experiments, the authors uncover the interfacial morphology of hard‐core soft‐shell microgels, integrating the data with numerical simulations to elucidate the role of the core properties, of the shell thicknesses, and that of the grafting density. They identify that the hard core can influence the conformation of the polymer shells. In particular, for the case of small shell thickness, low grafting density, or poor core affinity for water, the core protrudes more into the organic phase, and the authors observe a decrease in‐plane stretching of the network at the interface. By rationalizing their general wetting behavior, such composite particles can be designed to exhibit specific inter‐particle interactions of importance both for the stabilization of interfaces and for the fabrication of 2D materials with tailored functional properties.
Achieving Highly Efficient Warm‐White Light Emission in All‐Inorganic Copper‐Silver Halides via Structural Regulation
Authors: Wang Sijia , Liu Runze , Li Juntao , Sun Fengke , Yang Qing , Li Shunshun , Liu Jianyong , Chen Junsheng , Cheng Pengfei
Published: August 2023

Single‐component metal halides with white light emission are highly attractive for solid‐state lighting applications, but it is still challenging to develop all‐inorganic lead‐free metal halides with high white‐light emission efficiency. Herein, by rationally introducing silver (Ag) into zero‐dimensional (0D) Cs3Cu2Br5 as new structural building unit, a one‐dimensional (1D) bimetallic halide Cs6Cu3AgBr10 is designed that emits strong warm‐white light with an impressive photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 94.5% and excellent stability. This structural transformation lowers the conduction band minimum while maintaining the localized nature of the valence band maximum, which is crucial in expanding the excitation spectrum and obtaining efficient self‐trapped excitons (STEs) emission simultaneously. Detailed spectroscopy studies reveal that the white‐light originates from triplet STEs emission, which can be remarkably improved by weakening the strong electron‐phonon coupling and thus suppressing phonon‐induced non‐radiative processes. Moreover, the interesting temperature‐dependent emission behavior, together with self‐absorption‐free property, make Cs6Cu3AgBr10 as sensitive luminescent thermometer and high‐performance X‐ray scintillator, respectively. These findings demonstrate a general approach to achieving effective single‐component white‐light emitters based on lead‐free, all‐inorganic metal halides, thereby opening up a new avenue to explore their versatile applications such as lighting, temperature detection and X‐ray imaging.
eHydrogenation: Hydrogen‐free Electrochemical Hydrogenation
Authors: Russo Camilla , Leech Matthew C. , Walsh Jamie M. , Higham Joe I. , Giannessi Lisa , Lambert Emmanuelle , Kiaku Cyrille , Poole Darren L. , Mason Joseph , Goodall Charles A. I. , Devo Perry , Giustiniano Mariateresa , Radi Marco , Lam Kevin
Published: August 2023

Hydrogenation reactions are staple transformations commonly used across scientific fields to synthesise pharmaceuticals, natural products, and various functional materials. However, the vast majority of these reactions require the use of a toxic and costly catalyst leading to unpractical, hazardous and often functionally limited conditions. Herein, we report a new, general, practical, efficient, mild and high‐yielding hydrogen‐free electrochemical method for the reduction of alkene, alkyne, nitro and azido groups. Finally, this method has been applied to deuterium labelling.
Constructing Fe‐N4 Sites through Anion Exchange‐mediated Transformation of Fe Coordination Environments in Hierarchical Carbon Support for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zong Lingbo , Fan Kaicai , Cui Lixiu , Lu Fenghong , Liu Porun , Li Bin , Feng Shouhua , Wang Lei
Published: August 2023

Metal single atoms (SAs) anchored in carbon support via coordinating with N atoms are efficient active sites to oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, rational design of single atom catalysts with highly exposed active sites is challenging and urgently desirable. Herein, an anion exchange strategy is presented to fabricate Fe‐N4 moieties anchored in hierarchical carbon nanoplates composed of hollow carbon spheres (Fe‐SA/N‐HCS). With the coordinating O atoms are substituted by N atoms, Fe SAs with Fe‐O4 configuration are transformed into the ones with Fe‐N4 configuration during the thermal activation process. Insights into the evolution of central atoms demonstrate that the SAs with specific coordination environment can be obtained by modulating in situ anion exchange process. The strategy produces a large quantity of electrochemical accessible site and high utilization rate of Fe‐N4. Fe‐SA/N‐HCS shows excellent ORR electrocatalytic performance with half‐wave potential of 0.91 V (vs. RHE) in 0.1 M KOH, and outstanding performance when used in rechargeable aqueous and flexible Zn‐air batteries. The evolution pathway for SAs demonstrated in this work offers a novel strategy to design SACs with various coordination environment and enhanced electrocatalytic activity.
Silk fibroin‐based conductive and antibacterial hydrogels with a dual network for flexible sensors
Authors: Wang Jiangjiang , Zeng Jie , Wu Hui , Zeng Lihua , Xu Shouping
Published: August 2023

The flexible wearable hydrogel strain sensors for human motion monitoring have attracted broad attention. However, developing a high‐strength hydrogel strain sensor remains challenging and achieves synergistic characteristics such as biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and conductivity. This work proposes a two‐step UV polymerization method for the preparation of (hydrolyzed silk fibroin (HSF)/polyacrylamide (PAM)/polyacrylic acid (PAA)/poly sulfobetaine methacrylate (PSBMA) composite hydrogels. The monomers AM and AA undergo self‐polymerization and copolymerization. Meanwhile, SF is cross‐linked with them via multiple hydrogen bonds to form the first network. After the second UV initiation, SBMA polymerizes to create the second network. The HSF8%/PAM/PAA/PSBMA2%possesses superior tensile strength (1.49 ± 0.07 MPa) and compressive modulus (21.47 ± 1.07 MPa at 99% strain). The SBMA (4 wt%) endows hydrogels with antibacterial activity (98.53% ± 4.93%). The H+ionized by PAA and the ion channels constructed by SBMA (4 wt%) provide hydrogel with ionic conductivity (0.950 S m−1). The hydrogel could be used as a flexible strain sensor to monitor human joint activity. The natural silk fibroin allows the hydrogel to retain degradability. Therefore, the SF‐based conductive hydrogel shows the potential application in flexible strain sensors.