bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estetska zaznava pevskega glasu v razmerju do akustičnih pogojev
Authors: Potočan Zoran
Published: June 2020

Predmet študije je analiza zvena (ang. timbre) solističnih pevskih glasov na zvočnih posnetkih v odvisnosti od akustičnih pogojev izvedbenih prostorov. Dvorane, v katerih se izvaja glasba v živo brez dodatnega ozvočenja, se med seboj razlikujejo tako po funkcionalnosti kot po fizičnih in akustičnih lastnostih. Različni prostorski pogoji vplivajo na poslušalca, pa tudi na izvajalca glasbe. Danostim prostora se oba do neke mere prilagajata: poslušalec z zaznavo, pevec pa mestoma tudi z načinom fonacije.
„Hymnus novus“
Authors: Paech Katharina Larissa
Published: June 2020

In der Wiener Franziskanerprovinz gibt es Handschriften aus der 1. Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts, welche die Verwendung von Figuraliter-Hymnen im barocken Stil für das Stundengebet bezeugen. Im Text werden zunächst diese Melodien und deren Verbreitung beschrieben. Danach richtet sich das Augenmerk auf die Generalbassbegleitungen der zeitgenössischen Orgelbücher.
Predgovor
Authors: Šter Katarina
Published: June 2020

Kakor vsaka številka Muzikološkega zbornika tudi ta predstavlja majhen nov košček v sestavljanki evropske glasbene kulture, a iz manjših delcev je sestavljen tudi sam. Sestavili so ga (in ga bodo) ljudje, ki ga pišejo, pripravljajo za knjižno obliko, študirajo in berejo ter si vsak iz svojega zornega kota ter na podlagi svojih subjektivnih in objektivnih danosti prizadevajo za nove poglede na vse glasbeno. Morda se zdi, da pretežno muzikološka dognanja v njem zanimajo samo ozek krog ljudi, a ti (in še marsikdo drug) vedo, da so znanstveno raziskovanje glasbe in razpravljanje o njej ter tovrstna refleksija o glasbi – čeprav to morda ni zelo vidno navzven – potrebni, da glasbeno življenje živi na vseh ravneh in obstaja na kvaliteten način; da na ta način naša glasbena obzorja ostajajo visoka in daljna in nam odstirajo pogled, čeprav v dežele onkraj nam znanih le redko zaidemo; in da ima vse to vpliv na celotno družbo, ki jo soustvarjamo in del katere smo. Morda je soodvisnost med seboj povsem različnih članov in členov družbe postala še posebej vidna v situaciji, v kateri smo se znašli letošnjo pomlad in v kateri je nastajala letošnja prva številka. Leto 2020 si bomo zapomnili po epidemiji koronavirusa, na katerega niti Muzikološki zbornik ni bil povsem imun, saj je bilo delo marsikaterega akterja v procesu nastajanja te številke revije – pa naj gre za avtorja, recenzenta ali koga drugega v celotnem postopku – spremenjeno ali zelo oteženo. A navsezadnje je številka tu, s pričakovanjem drugačne korone – tiste, ki jo bomo postavili na pavzo za vdih po akordu epidemije in izolacije in si v njej vzeli čas za novo muzikološko branje.
Palestrina in Serbia
Authors: Moody Ivan
Published: June 2020

Kosta P. Manojlović was a highly significant figure in the development of Serbian choral music and musical education. His studies abroad brought him into contact with repertoires of Western “early music” that had a profound impact on his work. This article discusses his adaptations of Renaissance polyphony found in the archive of the First Belgrade Choral Society.
Guidelines for Freshwater Pond Management in Bangladesh
Authors: Rashid Ibrahim , Mithun Mahmudul Hasan
Published: June 2020

The pond aquaculture sector in Bangladesh expands rapidly. Total fish production from pond aquaculture increasing day by day. Bangladesh ranks fifth in aquaculture production and becomes fourth in the tilapia production in the world. Total fish production in Bangladesh was about 4.27 million MT in 2017-18 fiscal years and the pond aquaculture production was about 1.9 million MT which contributes about 44.43% of the total fisheries production in 2017-18. That means pond aquaculture contributes a lot in Bangladesh fisheries sectors. For getting proper outcome from the pond aquaculture some basic guidelines should be followed during pre-stocking, stocking, and post stocking management of freshwater pond. Firstly, pond should be prepared properly before stocking of fish seed like aquatic weeds and predators should be eradicated with properly constructed the pond bottom and dike and then liming and fertilization should be done for making a better culture environment for fish. Good quality fish seed should be sock to the pond and feeding should be done properly. Periodic sampling for examining the proper growth and any disease infestation occurs should be done. Liming and fertilization should be done after stocking of fish seed if needed. Harvesting and marketing of fish should be done by considering some factors to get good profit.
Psychological Wellbeing, Life Satisfaction And Environmental Satisfaction Of Government And Private Female Hostelites
Authors: Shaukat Fatima , Butt Amina Muazzam
Published: June 2020

This study explores the interplay of environmental satisfaction, levels of psychological well being and life satisfaction in female college students of government and private hostels. A total of 86 female colleges students were selected from government hostel and private hostels. The Satisfaction with Life Scale by Diener (1984), the Affect Balance scale by Bradburn (1969) and the Hostel Environment Rating Scale by Shaukat & Muazzam, (2010) were administered on the sample to measure life satisfaction, psychological wellbeing and satisfaction with the hostel environment, respectively. Results indicated that the private hostel group was higher in psychological wellbeing and had higher scores of satisfaction with the hostel environment. (t (86)= 4.41, p<.05.) However, satisfaction with life scales showed insignificant results (t (86)= 6.74, p<0.01). Appropriate tests were applied to analyze the data. Besides discussing the results, the implication of the study was also discussed.
Gender Specific Activities And Its Relationship With The Self Concept Of Adolescents
Authors: Iqbal Nazia , Gillani Nighat , Kamal Anila
Published: June 2020

The research was designed to study the Gender related activities i.e. those activities which are stereotypically related to girls and boys and their relationship with the self concept of adolescents. The data was collected from a sample of Adolescents girls and boys between age ranging from (16-20) years belonging to same family. Total number of families included for the data collection was 50. (i.e. Adolescents = 100) An Activity Scale by Terry Honess (1994) was used to see what kind of activities girls and boys are allowed/ accepted to perform. The activity scale had three types of activities, activities and tasks that are considered as male oriented, secondly female oriented and those which are neutral (both male and female are accepted to perform). In order to measure self concept of male and female adolescents the self concept scale (Urdu Adjective Checklist UACL; Ansari et.al. 1982) was used. Results indicated that boys and girls perform gender specific activities. The self concept of girls was significantly low on self concept scale as compared to the boys. Out of nine dimensions of the self concept scale Adolescents’ boys score significantly high on Aggression, Autonomy, Affiliation and Dominance. On the other hand females scored higher on Succorance and Abasement dimensions. These findings show cultural stereotypes in different walks of life. It also reveals that the self concept has a strong relationship with the freedom of movement and expression of young boys and girls. Results are discussed and conclusions are drawn keeping in perspective the cultural expectations and stereo types and its impact on the self concept of young boys and girls.
Gender Portrayals In Pakistani Television Commercials
Authors: Wahid Sara , Muhammad Aazadi Fateh , Burfat Fateh Muhammad
Published: June 2020

This study is aimed to investigate the gender portrayals in Pakistani television commercials that run on Pakistani television channels. The research is mainly a content analysis, intends to examine the gender representation of male and female in Pakistani television commercials. For this purpose the commercials have been closely investigated considering the male and female role portrayals, demographic focus and main voice over/ narrators. Twenty-five commercials were randomly selected from four broad categories of household products, beauty products, telecommunications and edibles. These four product categories represent those television advertisements that have been given greater exposure (in terms of space allocated / air time) on Pakistani television channels and also enlist in top ten product category in the year 2008. The aforementioned top ten product category list was prepared by Gallup Pakistan and accessed from the Aurora purple book (Pakistani advertising magazine) published by Dawn group of newspapers in 2008. (Gallup Pakistan) The research framework attempts to familiarize the readers with the gender representation in Pakistani television commercials, their similarities and differences in comparison with the existing literature from various countries.
Effect Of Religiosity On The Household Women’s Care-Giving Behaviour Towards The Elderly In The Family: A Case Of Sargodha City (Pakistan)
Authors: Iqbal Mohammad , Hassan Syeda Mehnaz
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted with a purport to evaluate how far religiosity affects household women’s care-giving behaviour towards senior individuals in the family. For this purpose, a random sample of 205 women of Sargodha city was selected from Sargodha City(Pakistan)to study the effect of religiosity on the General Well Being (as a measure of care) of the senior individuals in the family. The findings of the study indicate that mature women (41-50 years old) with moderate span of their married life (11-15years) give more care to the older adults in the family. But, despite that, a great majority of senior individuals in the family are at a state of low wellbeing level. The findings of the study revealed the reason that it was due to lack of religiosity which is strongly positively associated with well-being. Among the other factors, age, span of married life, household income and education correlate with the well-being positively but employment status negatively. Very interestingly, as the findings indicate, the care-giving behaviour is irrespective of the number of carerecipients in the family.
Gender Dimension And Disparity In Vegetable Picking
Authors: Saeed Rashed , Bashir Arshed , Qasim Muhammad , Hassan Sonila
Published: June 2020

Gender involvement in agriculture is becoming more asymmetrical in rural areas due to differences in wages of respective labour resultantly affecting health, wealth and decision making power of women engaged in agriculture. Study, therefore, was planned to investigate status of women engaged in vegetable picking and see constraints faced by them. Descriptive statistics are used to analyze primary data collected during year 2013. Results reveal that average monthly household income and expenditure were Rs. 10770 and Rs. 9291. Average daily earnings of males and females from vegetable picking were Rs. 333 and Rs.156 respectively which clearly shows disparity regarding wage rates. Female respondents were earning income also from other off-season sources in order to support family budget. Majority of female respondents (86%) were aware about harmful health effects of pesticides’ sprays on vegetables but they were still not using appropriate safety measures. They complained about different diseases while working in vegetable fields. It is suggested that training in other more remunerative non-farm/ off-season activities should be provided to females in order to improve wages on competitive basis. The pickers should be educated also about the importance of using safety precautions while working in vegetables fields.
Psychosocial Effects Of News Channels On The Female Youth In The Contemporary Society
Authors: Ishrat Sumera
Published: June 2020

The present study aimed to investigate extend of watching News Channels in everyday routine of the female youth and explore the effects of these channels on their psychological state as well as their social life in our society. Multistage Sampling technique was adopted in this research. Questionnaire was used to collect data from the female youth studying in University of Karachi. The sample consisted of 120 purposively selected respondents. The findings of the study indicated that in present law and order scenario of our city the females watch news channels regularly. They criticize the present trend of news telecasting, live scenes from incidents sites and screening of related details. They acclaimed that the current strategy of news channels have promoted fear, in-tolerance, helplessness, disappointment and depression among them. As far as social impacts are concerned these channels disturbed not only the social life but also created disorganization in the social system as a whole. The study concluded that Media Industry should review its News casting policies and revise the strategies on war footing. Government authority should maintain a check upon the media specifically on the performance of News Channels. Along with this, awareness sessions must be held at educational institutes and professional organizations which inform the viewers (students and professionals) to analyze reliability and validity of the news.
Self-Esteem Body Image And Self-Consciousness Among Women After Rejection Of Marriage Proposals
Authors: Iram Humaira , Muazzam Amina
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the phenomena of marriage proposals rejection among working and non-working women. It is hypothesized that there is significant difference in self esteem, body image and self consciousness of working and nonworking women after rejection of marriage proposals. The sample was comprised of (N=170) women from which (n=79) was working women and (n=91) was nonworking women. Sample was recruited by using snowball sampling technique. Mix method research design was used in this study. The major tools of this study include Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) by Rosenberg (1965), Body Image Scale (BIS) by Moeen, Muazzam & Zubair (2013) Self-consciousness Scale revised (SCS-R) by Scheier & Carver (1985). The findings showed that body image, proposals rejected by self, number of siblings, younger married sisters, low designation and old age are a predictor of proposals rejection faced by women. The other findings revealed that there is non-significant difference in self esteem, body image and self consciousness among working and non-working women after rejection of marriage proposals. It was also explored that there was non-significant relationship in self esteem, body image and self consciousness among women.
Writings Of Ismat Chughtai: A Document Analysis Through Symbolic Interaction Paradigm
Authors: Raza Sabahat , Siddiqui Naila Usman
Published: June 2020

Ismat Chughtai is undoubtedly one of the biggest names in Urdu Literature. The following research paper intends to analyse the appearance of social issues such as informal social control over women in a patriarchal structure, portrayal of a female body in the advertisement, relationship pattern of men and women, notions of women as inferior being of society, in the selected writings of Ismat Chughtai, in relation to symbolic-interaction paradigm. The core idea of Symbolic-interaction is that social realities are based on the social experiences, cognition and perception of an individual. The social understanding of an individual varies from situation to situation and depends on his/her experiences. Ismat Chughtai experienced society in her own way, which is portrayed in her fictional works, “Dil Ki Dunya”, a novel, “Khareed Lo”, “Paisha”, “Baykaar” and “Tera Haath”, the short stories and a non-fictional essay, “Aurat” which are chosen for the analysis of above-mentioned social issues in relation with the theory. It is concluded that Ismat’s writings are valuable, meaning full and relevant in as well in Sociology as in Psychology or Philosophy, in relation to Symbolic Interaction. Documents for analysis were chosen through Purposive sampling, the nature of research is inductive.
Gender Role Stereotyping Of Women As Housewives In Conventional Pakistani Society
Authors: Saeed Amna , Zainab Noreen
Published: June 2020

This study aims to analyze the short story, The Spell and the Ever Changing Moon (2014) by Rukhsana Ahmad, from the feminist perspective. A close reading of the text reveals that facing everyday challenges and juggling between multiple roles is a common practice for middleclass house wives in Pakistani society. The economic instabilities added with emotional, psychological as well as physical abuse plays a vital role in their oppression and humiliation on regular basis. These roles as assigned to them define their social standing and suffering becomes their destiny. Multiple roles of such women and social expectations outside and inside the house define their way of living. Each and every movement and thought becomes codependent on their social familial roles. Being selfless becomes an obligation and ‘sacrifice’ becomes convention for middle class women who spend their whole lives living under the thumb of their men folk. Moreover, the movement and status of women inside and outside the home is also a major concern addressed in this paper including the concept of home, and its significance in lives of Pakistani women.
Glossophobia: The Fear Of Public Speaking In Female And Male Students Of University Of Karachi
Authors: Perveen Kausar , Hasan Yamna , Aleemi Abdur Rahman
Published: June 2020

Individuals who have fear speaking publically suffer from strong fear in social performance situations and social sphere. (Stein, Walker, & Forde, 1996).This research aims to investigate (a) if the level of anxiety is higher in females then males while speaking publically. (b) if students tend to be more anxious while speaking infront of opposite gender (c) if there is an association between reduction in public speaking fear in students and adaptation of effective psycho-physiological strategies for language learning. Samples of 126 undergraduate students have been selected in an equal ratio of male and female students from university of Karachi. Frequency and percentage analysis has been made to determine the level of public speaking fear in male and female students. A factorial ANOVA has been applied for comparative analysis of anxiety levels in males and females while presenting in front of the opposite gender. Further, a paired t-test has been applicable to determine if psychophysiological strategies for language learning are effective for reduction in glossophobia. The study affirmed that female students get more anxious then males while giving speech publically. It has also found that there is no effect of gender of audience on anxiety level of students during public speaking. Public speaking anxiety has a strong relationship with the adaptation of psycho-physiological strategies and can be reduced effectively.
Tabooed Subaltern: A Study of Ghulam Abbas’ Reshma and The Women Quarter
Authors: Mehmood Sadaf
Published: June 2020

Woman in Pakistan is defined through her body. Throughout her life she bears the burden of family honour and prestige to move in patriarchal society of Pakistan. In such a society where women experience different socio-cultural and economic marginalization, it becomes difficult to articulate oppression of the fallen women who trade their honour and prestige for the sake of money. While challenging the sociocultural standards of honour, the sufferings of their lives are completely neglected within the confinements of hegemonic patriarchy. These socially outcast women are tabooed subaltern who experience the brutalities not as human beings but as objects and commodities. An invisible line is being drawn by the patriarchs between these fallen women and the mainstream society whereby the respectable women devoid of any socio-economic discrimination live and struggle for their survival. To investigate the intricate lives of tabooed subaltern, present study dwells on subaltern theory of Gayatri C. Spivak. This research aims to investigate that how tabooed woman exhibits her agency but remains unheard or silent and how the literary world articulate intricate existence of tabooed subaltern within socio-cultural chains? To examine this, I have selected Ghulam Abbas’ Reshma and The Women’s Quarter which discuss the positioning of tarnished women who are, because of their ruined celibacy, alien to the society where men and women perform their traditional roles with honour and respect. The study is significant to extend and develop Spivak's dealing of socio-cultural silence to identify how literature might form an alternative archive attuned to the complexities of voicing the tabooed subaltern.
Gender Differences In University Students’ Attitude Towards Gender Roles
Authors: Malik Subha , Nadeem Madiha , Nadeem Farhat
Published: June 2020

Gender role attitudes indicate the dynamics of gender relations in any society. As gender equality is now considered an important indicator of development for any country. Therefore, it is imperative to comprehend the societal especially youth acuity towards gender roles in a culture. This paper examined the university students’ attitude towards gender roles by employing Gender Roles Attitude Scale (Zeyneloglu & Terzioglu, 2011). The objective was to understand whether the attitude of youth towards gender role was egalitarian or traditional. For this purpose, a survey was conducted by taking a sample of 513 respondents conveniently from various universities of Lahore, both descriptive and inferential statistics data were used for data analyses. The results revealed significant gender differences in respondents’ perception, as male students’ approach towards gender roles was found more egalitarian than females. Furthermore, residential cities and socioeconomic background of respondents’ parents was found important in shaping their approach towards gender roles. Findings suggested that parents’ role in the socialization of children may be deemed first critical step towards nurturing gender sensitized society along with the incorporation of gender aspects in academic curriculum across the discipline at the different educational level in Pakistan. Moreover, government and social activists may advocate gender sensitivity by using various programs and policies.
Dietary Behavior Of University Going Female Adolescents In Pakistan: Issues, Challenges And Strategies For General Health And Academic Performance
Authors: Fazal Rubina , Kazimi Anjum Bano
Published: June 2020

Young generation is the major human capital of any country, especially female adolescents as they are future mothers and future mentor. Adolescence is a critical period of the human life cycle، during this time hormonal, physical and psychosocial development occurs rapidly, any insufficient and poor dietary intake during this period impact on physical and mental health. According to World Health Organization (WHO) 51% young females in Pakistan, suffer with malnutrition, whereas, National Nutrition Survey of Pakistan (2011) 35-39% of adolescent female affected with nutritional deficiencies. This study attempts to explore the factors related to dietary behavior of female adolescent students and its effect on their general health and academic performance. Qualitative approach through a focus group discussion with semi-structured questionnaire was applied. 10 participants were selected purposefully. Result shows that general health of female adolescents is very deprived. Anemia, headache, low concentration, inattention inactiveness, frequent illness, majority have joint problems in early age, harsh behavior, short-temper as main issues. The major challenges were selection and availability of unhealthy food in canteens, influence of peer in food choices, skipping breakfast, commonly used fast foods or junk foods, high consumption of soft, energy drinks. Participants suggested a need of collaborate effort to overcome the immense problem
Voicing The Silences: Women In Contemporary Pakistani Fiction In English
Authors: Mehmood Sadaf
Published: June 2020

Indigenous women of Pakistan have long been struggling with the patriarchal norms. Categorization of their existence in the conventional oppressions connotes diversified victimization. Grappling with such assorted repressions and articulating the subsequent silences, women writers of Pakistan and the social activists are incessantly engaged to empower women from societal peripheries. The selected fiction exposes how the indigenous woman is controlled and exploited on the name of religio-cultural rhetoric. The present article outlines the historical developments in changing the social positioning of women after independence by highlighting the urgency of raising women consciousness in the academic sphere to form an alliance for collective identity. This article evaluates Ice Candy Man (1988), My Feudal Lord (1994) and Trespassing (2003) to explore the changing images of indigenous Pakistani women after partition. It aims to highlight the struggle and resistance of female characters against the patriarchal propriety of Pakistani society. The study is significant to highlight the struggles of women writers to articulate the silences of assorted exploitation buried under the hegemony of socio-historical discourses. The study concludes that through female characterization the women writers organize specific academic movement of awakening that provides situational analysis to relate with the turbulences of the fictional world to correspond the real challenges.
The Impact Of Water Scarcity On Women In Rural Area In Quetta
Authors: Barech Sadia , Ainuddin Syed
Published: June 2020

The distribution of water world is socially influenced, replicating incessant global gender inequalities and discrimination by those who hold leading perspectives on water. In the global varying situation, water is becoming scarier and significant owing to its non-availability for the communities in nearly each corner of the world. Concentrating on the significance of the water a study was conducted on the socioeconomic effects of water scarcity and its effect on women, the purpose of the learning was to manuscript the approaches of women in the rural area of Quetta and their role in justifying water scarcity with a purpose of providing a set of recommendations. As the outcome of the comparatively uncharted nature of women’s approaches, the study was exploratory. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire, secondary data from different generals, line departments and reports. The universe of the present study was district Quetta which consists of the rural areas of Quetta and the sample size of the present study was 400. The findings of the study indicate that due to water scarcity male respondents were more affected economically as compared to female respondents. The findings of the study indicate that water scarcity has affected the health of women in rural areas of Quetta. The results show that women are more effected as compare to men.
Gender Disparity And Women Leadership In Educational Institutions
Authors: Zarif Tayyaba , Urooj Safia , Gorchani Abdul Nabi
Published: June 2020

Since the world has rapidly turned into the global village in very short span of time by entering into the 21st Century. The advanced communication has made everything available at the door steps. Huge developments in every sphere of life have been taken place despite human beings have still been accomplishing much-more out of which the inequity and gender disparity is one of those concerns being faced by the world. Now days mostly Pakistani women are active to take part in every field like health, politics even in labor and especially in education sector from lower to higher education. Pakistani women are also playing the important role in the field of education specifically in educational administrative positions from lower to higher education. This research study intended to measure the magnitude of gender disparity in educational institutions of District Shaheed Benazirabad (SBA) of Province Sindh, Pakistan. This research study was quantitative by method and descriptive in nature. The population of this research study was, those women leaders working in educational institutions of District Shaheed Benazirabad, and were performing leadership role in one or other way. The sample of this study was 48 women leaders having proportion of seventy percent of the total population. The data was analyzed through SPSS software, 22 version. This research study found that women leaders working in higher educational institutions have least career related opportunities, they are also put on distance to possess managerial and administrative opportunities and have least support from their high ups and stakeholders as compare to their counter gender in higher educational institutions of District Shaheed Benazirabad. This research study recommended that the women leaders might be given career, managerial and administrative related opportuinities and support and encouragement from their high ups and stakeholders for carrying out their leadership responsibilities.
The Assesses Impact Of Motherly Awareness On Pediatric Vaccine Uptake
Authors: Ali Sadaf Abid , Ishrat Sumera
Published: June 2020

Pediatric vaccination is the greatest instrument for children’ health. It avoids infection and viruses of under 2 years of children. Numerous nations are appearing unwilling for pediatric immunization. There is a vital barrier to pediatric vaccination, which is associated with the lack of maternal awareness (line remove)The current study is designed to evaluate the childhood vaccination-related diseases, mother’s awareness, practice, perception and these impact on the pediatric vaccination status, additionally, to know the children’s health conditions level in Gadap town, Karachi Pakistan. This study assesses the impact of childhood vaccination as protecting shield which associated with the mother’s awareness, practices as well as the mothers’ perception. Evaluate the childhood immunization’s benefits and health risk for not choosing vaccination of their children and its effect on childhood vaccination status. In this study purposive technique of non-probability sampling is used to select sample of mothers whose children age up to 2 years. This selection is done by keeping in mind the objective of the research. The total sample was 280 who were under two years of children’s mothers. The research design was qualitative and quantitative, furthermore, the exploratory design was used, and the in-depth interviews have been conducted from each mother. The research instrument has personal information, pediatric vaccination status, pediatric vaccine practice, mothers awareness about benefits, health risk, vaccine-preventable diseases related information, additionally, know the mother’s Perception regarding the pediatric mortality and morbidity ,furthermore, the level of motherly awareness and pediatric vaccination practice which were scored according to mother’s answers.
Women Subordination Through Patriarchal Discursive Practices Regarding Inheritance
Authors: Aslam Rabbia
Published: June 2020

This paper examines socio-cultural practices that deter women from claiming their rights to inherit family property although it is given to them by their religion and is upheld by law. The first section of the research is a brief discussion of research setting and methods. The second section analysis of the data depicts discursive practices such as, patriarchal socialization, decision-making, and customs. It particularly looks at dowry as a custom and as a tool for maintaining women’s subordination. The third section examines the legal hindrances women face to get their inheritance. Finally, this paper presents a brief appraisal of patriarchy as it works for the perpetuation of women’s subordination.
Women’s Right To Land Ownership In Swat State Areas The Swat State Era And The Post-State Scenario
Authors: Rome Sultan -i-
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a study of riwaj (customary law) in the traditional society of the present-day Provincially Administered Tribal Areas (PATA) of the North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. Under riwaj only males could own land; women had no right to inherit land. During the Swat State era (1915-1969), on the whole, the traditional practice remained the law of inheritance and ownership of land under which the women folk were not entitled to inherit. However, during the reign of Miangul Jahanzeb in some cases the women were given the right to inherit and own land. The pattern of land ownership remained the same, in general, after the merger of the state in 1969. In this scenario, The West Pakistan Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1962 (W. P. Act V of 1962), with exception to the proviso of section 3 and 7, was extended to the area on 15 January 1976. Although extension of The West Pakistan Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1962, brought no practical change for the time being, its extension along with the land settlement carried out by the provincial revenue department, in most of the study area, were destined to bring the required change.
Significant Activities Of The Centre
Authors: Women’s Studies Centre of Excellence for
Published: June 2020

Founded in 1989 by the Ministry of Women Development, Youth Affairs and Special Education, the Centre is an outcome of the continuous realization of the Government of Pakistan to integrate women’s development and women’s rights in its national policies. The Centre is first in Pakistan to offer M.A degree in Women’s Studies from 1996 and onwards. In 2007 the Centre has started B.S. (4 years) programme in Women’s Studies. It is also the first institution to offer M.Phil/Ph.D. degree in Women’s Studies from the year 2002.
An Analysis of Honor killing and Teachings of Quran
Authors: Jahan Mussrarat
Published: June 2020

Since woman is "fair sex", not only helpless defending herself but also destitute and has no voice is silent. She is unaware of the fundamental rights given by Islam. The doors to education are closed on her especially for the women residents of rural areas of my beloved country. That is why aristocratic class of the society imposes "Dark Laws" in the form of custom and values in society. The custom of "Honor Killing or Karo Kari" is most heinous of these customs. This dreadful custom has been taking the toll of women's lives for years. When did this custom start? History is silent about it could be surely termed as ignorance. Islam is the religion of peace and prosperity; it is the religion of justice, fairness, tolerance and unity. This is the only religion of world which is not spread by sword or gun but only due to its gratitude towards others. In Islam's view even killing an ant is apprehend-able, let alone of a human being. Islamic laws and Hudood laws have proper procedure without Hudood can not be implemented. "Honor Killing" has no place in Islam, it is a heinous crime unacceptable in Islam.
Role Of Rural Women In Development And Export Earnings Of Pakistan's Dairy Industry
Authors: Hussain Saman , Zaheer Rummana
Published: June 2020

Dairy industry of Pakistan encounters many improving measurements to ensure the acceptability of its products in international market. For the purpose Pakistan Dairy Development Council (PDDC) introduces many innovative measures. While discussing the implication of these measures the training and skills of labor force working in industry matters a lot. It is the feature of Pakistan's dairy industry that a prominent ratio of its labor force is from the always neglected strata of society, the rural women. Women play both the direct and indirect role in managing livestock in rural regions of Pakistan. While observing role of dairy industry in export earnings, the services of its major labor force (rural women) should not be neglected. This paper is an attempt to discuss the development and export earnings of Pakistan's dairy industry and correspondence potential role of rural women with special reference to food security and poverty eradication in country. It is the descriptive analysis of data from 1961 to 2018.
Social Determinant of Home Delivery among Ever-Married Women in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Authors: Ali Dr. Hussain
Published: June 2020

The poor maternal health is one of the public health issues facing by rural women in Pakistan. There are various socio-demographic and cultural factors which confine women to domestic sphere. The main objective of this research is to study various social factors as determinants of home delivery among ever-married women in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. In the present study researchers used the quantitative research design in which the data are collected through household survey in the pakhtun society. The data are collected from 503 ever married women in District Malakand, from May 1, to November 30, 2016. The results show that nearly two third 62.3 percent men’s are key decision maker about antenatal care utilization, more than third forth 76 percent of the husbands are key decision makers about the home delivery due to their women subordinate position within household. The researchers concluded that men’s are key decision makers and their decision affect women maternal health care. In order to achieve Sustainable Development Goal No. 3, the study recommends mainstreaming women in the decision making process in domestic sphere as well as their involvement is decision making about accessing and utilizing of maternal health care services.

Keywords: Home delivery, men’s decision, subordinate position, women
A Study of Extra Marital Relations in Urdu Dramas: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Arafat Yasar , Sial Nauman , Zafar Abid
Published: June 2020

It is highly perceived that most of the stories of Urdu televise dramas in Pakistan are revolving around the problems of wedded couple. It is point of discussion that plots of the contemporary Pakistani Urdu televise dramas is depicting more extramarital relations. Through narrative structure analysis, the current study revealed that drama serials start with a family and then a quarrel arises between married couple. At that point, a protagonist enters in the scene which also becomes as catalyst in making separation between the married spouses. The bad and harsh attitude of the husband appears to be the enough reason to bend toward extramarital relation. Divorce seems to be the only solution in case of incompatible relations between the spouses. Consequently, the divorced lady marries with her protagonist and starts living a happy life with her second husband. It is apparent that these dramas are promoting extramarital relations in positive ways. The current bombardment of such issues by electronic media seems to be trying to legitimize the illegitimate relation. The analyses depict that televise Urdu dramas of Pakistan are violating the family values and promoting the extramarital relations in positive ways.
Impact Of Globalization On Women's Health Due To Work In Pakistan
Authors: Manzoor Asma , Ali Saba Imran
Published: June 2020

The process of globalization, financial integration, free trade and investment has profoundly transformed the lives of women through out the world. Globalization policies have been preceded by national adjustment proposals, privatization of state enterprises, restructuring of employment policies from secure employment to flexible, temporary work, relaxation of labour laws, etc. which leads to the opening of markets. The world Bank and IMF have created an unjust packet of neo-liberal policies called Structural Adjustment Policies (SAP) and caused enormous difficulties for poor nations. Furthermore, behind the whole process of globalization unscrupulous employers are abusing the basic rights of a predominant young female workforce. This study has been designed to find out the effects of globalization on women’s health and their lives and show the human cost of the globalization experiment in Pakistan.
The Personality of Hazrat Ayesa (RA)
Authors: Nadeemullah Muhammad , Zia Faisal , Khan Muhammad Waseem
Published: June 2020

The teaching of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) regarding women's right are based on truth that none other women right activist can teach like this. The whole life of the Prophet is sample for humanity and his behavior towards women was kind and respectful. The life of the wives of the Holy Prophet was also a complete sample for muslim women. Life of Hazrat Ayesha is a role model for all situation and times of women which depict the ture life of muslim women. With the knowledge, good moral and self purification try to reformed Holy Prophet (S.A.W) give training to Hazrat Ayesh. He loves a lot and have very close affection and keep special attention towards her training. This is due to that education and training she included young girls and boys in her training circle. Those having thrust of knowledge comes from far flung areas and she treated them as mother. This article tries to cover the different aspect of Hazrat Ayesha's life through which the stutus of women can be fenced.
Portrayal Of Violence Against Women On Media
Authors: Karim Lubna Naz
Published: June 2020

This study will review the role of media in portraying women and prevalence of violence in various forms like verbal, psychological, physical and symbolic against them. Technology has made media a powerful tool of communication, as well as a motivating force. Media directly or indirectly affects the minds of masses. The role of media in a society is incredible and unmatchable because the society depends on media for various reasons. This dependence on media is not only personal but social as well and it plays an important role in political, social, educational, religious and family institution at societal level. It is very much responsible for the transference of moral and social heritage from generation to generation, imposing even greater effects on the lives of ordinary citizens. Media claims to provide the masses with knowledge and information through entertainment programs. However, portrayal of violence against women on media in the form of different characters is contrary to ethical policies. Woman is an integral part of human society. She is a source of peace and contentment not only the whole family but for society on the whole. This study will explore that through entertainment; the negative feelings are induced into audience regarding violence against women, and where as mass media can play a significant role in reflecting social realities.
Marital Rape
Authors: Shah Nasreen Alsam , Nasreen Shagufta , Ali Aliyah
Published: June 2020

Rape is a form of violence which exists from the ancient times in history. But it has been used to express power over women by men. Although we believe in Islam, which give us a charter of human rights long before it was recognized by the world, it has been interpreted to support some ideas which are misquoted or not explained with their contexts. Similar condition is in the case of marital rape which is an issue not acknowledged in Pakistan. This issue was initially raised by women rights activists. The issue is hushed up because it is considered that once married women give up her right on her body. Since forced sexual relations between a husband and wife are not legally considered cases of “rape” the question arises whether or not a wife herself views the incident as a “rape”. There are two important issues, which must be researched in the case of marital rape. The first area is victim offender relations and the second considers the element of power.
Visibility Of Invisible Home-Based Women Workers: A Recent Study Of Home-Based Women In Karachi
Authors: Nademullah Muhammad , Shah Nasreen Aslam
Published: June 2020

This paper is based on a recent field research conducted in nine towns of Karachi which explored nine hundred home-based women workers’ experiences and perceptions and documented the typology of the work accomplished by them. Working under harsh circumstances, caught in the cobweb of poverty and patriarchal forces, the low-paid work of these women forms a link between the walled enclosures of their homes and the economic transactions in the markets outside. The data collected from the home-based women workers, selected randomly, through questionnaires and personal narratives reveal that they do work within the walled spaces of their homes but their lives are neither bounded by space nor they live in isolation. On the contrary, they are well aware of the world outside and understand how forces of corruption and exploitation working under the aegis of capitalist economy play havoc in their lives. Their resolve to confront poverty, to challenge exploitative forces, to toil hard for a better life for their children, and to act as role models for other women, make them as visible partners of efforts geared to have a self-sustained Pakistan. This paper by deconstructing the myth of Pakistani women’s existence as prisoners within their homes, presents a picture of women who through their visible economic contribution are making viable changes in the society. All this, thus transforms the home-based working women who have been consistently, though wrongly portrayed as ‘invisible’ into autonomous beings, visible to those who have an eye to see the reality. The paper also seeks to critically look at the norms of patriarchy, including the traditional codes of observing pardah in the context of women and gender in Pakistan. This paper also develops an argument showing how patriarchal traditions tend to hide all weaker segments of society- men and women, and makes them visible only when their services are required.
Climate Change: From Copenhagen to Cancun and Thereafter
Authors: Iqbal Badar Alam , Hassan Munir
Published: June 2020

Climate change has become the most challenging problem and task for every one living on the earth. The most unfortunate thing is that neither the developed countries nor the developing economies are serious on this task and as a result, on concrete solution has come so far. There has been more myth rather reality. As the time running very fast, it has become imperative for those economies which are major player in the issue of climate change must come forward with a concrete solution to this problem at all costs. Otherwise, the globe will have to face irrecoverable damages and every one will have to bear the unimaginable loss of humanity and materials. The present paper analyses the major issues taken at Copenhagen and Cancun. How far the decisions taken at Copenhagen have been implemented and what is to be decided at Cancun. The paper also suggests what should be done after the Cancun meet for meeting the rising challenges of climate change.
An Ethnographic Look At The Status Of Health Of Women Living In An Urban Squatter Settlement Of Karachi
Authors: Jalal Sabeena , Shah Nasreen Aslam
Published: June 2020

Pakistan is a populous country with an estimated population of 180,808,000. The high increasing growth rate plays a negative role in the development of Pakistan. Karachi, principal urban has an estimated population of 15 million, which is at present growing at about 5% per year, mainly because of rural-urban internal migration. Poor people have less income to spend on nutritious food, clean water, adequate clothing, shelter and education. This paper is an ethnographic study analyzing the status of married women’s health, of all age groups, living in Ghazi Goth – the squatter settlement. Self reported monthly income was positively related to decreased incidence of illness, cooking frequency per day and self and spousal literacy. Income was dependent on non income factors such as reproductive health status, educational status and nutritional status of women- determinants of health.