bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TOPOGRAPHICALLY INDUCED TURBULENCE ON CONTINENTAL SHELF OFF JOGASHIMA, SAGAMI BAY, JAPAN
Authors: Naulita Yuli
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Direct turbulence measurements using TurboMAP over a “small ridge” on the continental shelf off Jogashima, Sagami Bay, Japan  revealed an active layer of topographically induced turbulence.  The active layer  ( = 10-7 - 10-6 W kg-1)  located at  mid-depth  of 200 – 250 m, occurred on alternate side of  “small ridge” depending on the direction of the tidal current.  This active layer was accompanied by rebounded-isopycnal surfaces 26.0 - 26.1 σθ , in which all in qualitative manner showed an internal hydraulic flow control on the shelf. The turbulence friction velocity was two order of magnitude lower than observed- in this active layer explaining a less role of bottom friction than hydraulic flow to the high turbulence layer. Keywords: topographically induced turbulence, continental shelf, internal hydraulic flow
GRAIN-SIZE STATISTICAL PARAMETERS OF SANDY SEDIMENT IN KUALA GIGIENG, ACEH BESAR DISTRICT
Authors: Purnawan Syahrul , Haridhi Haekal A. , Setiawan Ichsan , Marwantim .
Published: January 2018

Study of sediment distribution at Kuala Gigieng was to assess the information of sediment related to the occurrence of hydro-oceanographic processes. The sediment samples were collected from nine stations using coring method. Granulometric method was used to analyze the grain size distributions. The results showed different sediment distribution patterns in each area at estuary Kuala Gigieng. The outer area of estuary indicated skewed to coarse grains, while at the inner area of estuary indicated skewed to fine grains. Different sediment load transport process was suggested as the cause of differentiated sediment characters.   Keywords: granulometry, grain size, sediment statistic, Kuala Gigieng
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE FISHING BOAT FOR GIANT THREADFISH (Eletheronema tetradactylum)
Authors: Ahmad Muchtar , Nofrizal .
Published: January 2018

This paper discussed the productivity and economic efficiency of the fishing boat for giant threadfish (Eletheronema tetradactylum), which operated in the Malacca Straits. Eleven fishing boats with different weights (GT) were observed for their input as total cost and output as total benefit in order to calculate respective fishing boat productivity and  efficiency. It was found that fishing boat activities on giant threadfish using various boat sizes were efficient with BCR>1 and profitable.  However, the average economic efficiency of all boats was 1.65 with the highest efficiency of 1.74 for the 2 GT fishing boat.  The average productivity of the fishing boat was Rp 4.5 million or Rp 1.5 million/GT with its capital payback period of 29 months.The highest productivity was found on the 2 GT fishing boat of Rp 5.5 million or Rp 2.8 million/GT with its capital payback period of 27 months. However, The 4 GT fishing boat was recommended to be developed for artisanal fishery of giant threadfish because its economic efficiency was relatively high of 1.71 and its produktivity was Rp 5.1 million or Rp 1.3 million/GT with capital payback period of 29 months.   Keywords: economic efficiency, fishing boat,  Eletheronema tetradactylum, payback period
PRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL MALE BROODSTOCK OF CORAL TROUT GROUPER (Plectropomus leopardus)
Authors: Sembiring Sari B. Moria , Hutapea Jhon H. , Muzaki A.
Published: January 2018

Fertilization rate of the first generation of coral trout grouper, Plectropomus leopardus from wild broodstock in cultured tank was relatively low of 10-35%. Based on gonad histology analysis of 30 samples, only one male was found in early stage maturation. Therefore, it is needed to increase functional male production to ensure an increase level of egg fertilization. The experiment was conducted for 9 months using coral trout broodstock, from wild stock as control and selected F1 from culture as treatment. Broodstocks were reared in three tanks, each was 100 m3 in volume with 54 fishes/tank. All selected cultured fish (F1) in tank C were implanted with 17a-MT hormone at 50 mg/kg of body weight every month for 3 consecutive months. Wild stock fish in tank A and selected cultured fish (F1) in tank B were not implant as controls. The result showed that the number of male  increased 6 times in implanted by 17a-MT hormone compared to fish without implant only increased 2 times. Therefore, eggs fertilization and hatching rate were significantly increased by implanting F1 broodstocks with hormone17a-MT. Keywords: Functional male, broodstock, Coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus)
EXPRESSION PROFILE OF SEX DETERMINATION GENE, BIOREPRODUCTION, PHENOTYPE, AND LOCOMOTORY PERFORMANCES OF OLIVE RIDLEY, Lepidochelys olivacea INDUCED BY DIFFERENT INCUBATION TEMPERATURE
Authors: Dima Alfred O. M. , Solihin Dedy D. , Manalu Wasmen , Boediono Arief
Published: January 2018

Sex determination in turtle species is not only based on genotype, but also rely on the incubation temperature. In addition, sexual differentiation takes place during the thermo-sensitive period (TSP). This study was conducted to determine the effects of incubation temperature on sex expression profile of determination gene, bioreproduction, phenotype, and locomotory performances  of olive ridley turtle hatchlings. Fertile eggs incubated at two temperatures, namely feminine temperature (30-33°C), and masculine temperature (26-27°C). Value of cycle threshold (CT) measured during TSP, i.e 23-25 embryonic development stage, and after TSP, i.e 26-27 embryonic development stage using real time PCR techniques. Comparison of gene expression at both incubation temperatures were analyzed by ANOVA, and Student’s t test. Hatchling bioreproduction and phenotype measurement consist of the incubation period, embryo growth, morphometrics, and locomotori performances hatchlings were analyzed with regression analysis and Student’s t test. The results showed expression of both aromatase and Rspond 1 genes (which plays a role in ovarian differentiation) after the TSP that incubated at feminine temperature higher and different with masculine temperature. In conjunction with the  bioreproduction and phenotype, the incubation period of feminine temperature shorter than that of masculine. Likewise, growth of the embryo of feminine temperature was faster than that of masculine. Incubation at feminine temperature significantly affect to carapace width, length and width of the plastron, long flippers and rear arms, long neck, and the frequency of the swing flippers. Keywords: thermo-sensitive period (TSP), gene expression, phenotype, Lepidochelys olivacea
GREEN ALGAE Ulva sp. AS RAW MATERIAL FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION
Authors: Oktiana Tri Dian , Santoso Joko , Kawaroe Mujizat
Published: January 2018

Ulva sp. is a non edible seaweed and posses a high growth rate. Therefore, this species is potential to be developed as a raw material for biogas production. One important factor on the biogas production is to determine organic loading rate (OLR). The aim of this study was to determine the potential of Ulva sp. as a raw material for biogas and to find out the optimum loading rate in the process of biogas production.  Biogas production was carried out in the digester with a capacity of 22 l that was made of fiber and equipped with a manual stirrer and gas flow meter to measure gas production. Parameters analised were pH, COD, TSS, VSS, and gas composition. Organic loading rates used in this study were 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 kg COD.m-3.day-1.  The results showed that the optimum loading rate was 1.5 kg COD.m-3.day-1. In the loading rate of 1.5 kg COD.m-3.day-1, we obtained the highest biogas production rate of 12.14 l/day with methane content of 42.96%, average COD removal of 51.97%, and methane production of 0.33 l/g COD.   Keywords: anaerobic, biogas, COD, loading, methane, Ulva sp.
PLUMBUM (Pb) CONCENTRATION IN ANNUAL BANDS OF CORAL Porites lutea AT TUNDA ISLAND, BANTEN
Authors: Riska . , Zamani Neviaty P. , Prartono Tri , Arman Ali
Published: January 2018

Coral is one of marine organisms that can accumulate heavy metals such as Pb in its skeleton. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of heavy metals Pb in growth bands of coral P. lutea at windward and leeward regions of Tunda Island. The results showed that P. lutea accumulated heavy metals Pb in their growth bands. The results of Pb concentrations in windward region were in range of 6.17-14.76 mg kg-1/year, with the average concentration rate of 9.69 mg kg-1/year.  Meanwhile, in leeward region, the Pb concentrations were in range of 8.37-17.66 mg kg-1/year whith the average concentration rate of 13.33 mg kg-1/year. The Pb concentration in leeward regions was higher than in the windward region. Keywords: heavy metal Pb, coral P. lutea, Tunda Island
ABUNDANCE OF Acanthaster planci AS HEALTH OF CORAL INDICATOR IN TUNDA ISLAND, SERANG REGENCY, BANTEN
Authors: Zamani Neviaty P.
Published: January 2018

The abundance of Acanthaster planci can be used as a health indicator of coral reef ecosystem. A high abundance of A. planci become phatogen on coral and an indication of unhealthy coral reef ecosystem. The objective of this study was to evaluate health of coral reef ecosystem based on the abundance of A. planci and the percent coral cover at Tunda Island, Banten. Field observation conducted in January 2014. The stations were selected by purposive sampling method and based on four-wind direction i.e., north, south, east, and west. Reef data was measured using Line Intercept Transect (LIT), while sampling method for A. planci using Belt Transect. Results showed that the water temperature ranged of 26-28°C, brightness 100%, current speed ranging between 0.05 ms-1and 0.19 ms-1, and salinity  of 30-32 ppt. The water quality values showed a normal range which support  the life of the coral and A. planci.  The Percent coral cover ranged of 54.95-73.00% indicating a good condition. The abundanceof A. planci was of 0.02-0.03 ind/m2. Result showed that coral cover percentage and the abundance of A. planci did not have a significant relationship. Eventhough an A. planci eats the coral polip, but with small amount of A. planci in the coral reef, they merely help to clean the old and unhealthy polip.  This activity will help corals to regenerate their polip. Overall, based on the small abundance of A. planci and the relatively high coral cover percentage, the coral reef ecosystem in Tunda island was categorised in a healthy condition. Keywords: A. planci, coral reef, Tunda Island
SURVIVAL AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF MOON-EYED SNAIL (Turbo chrysostumus L.) ON DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS
Authors: Hamzah M. S.
Published: January 2018

Turbo chrysostumus is commonly known by fishermen community as moon-eyed snail and has common names of yellow-mouth turban or gold-mouth turban. These biota live in rocky beach and coral reefs surface filled with alga. They are also easily collected and used for high nutritive food for coastal villagers. The study of survival and growth of turbo youngsters in relation with different temperature is very limited. This study was done in January 5 – May 4, 2015 in the laboratory with the objective of observing the effect of optimum temperature range on their survival and growth. Based on ANOVA statistical analyses, the temperature had significsant effect on the survival of the turbo youngsters (p<0.05). “Honest Significant Difference” test revealed that control temperature (P1), 26±0.5°C (P2), and 28±0.5°C (P3) produced a significantly different effect on the survival compared with that in 30±0.5°C (P4). Higher growth rate was recorded in  26±0.5°C balanced with high food consumability. The relationship analysis of height shell-weight of wet body in all treatments indicated similar pattern of minor allometric (b<3). Keywords: survival, growth, moon-eyed snail (Turbo chrysostumus L.), temperature
TIDAL RANGE CALCULATION BASED ON THE LOCAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE SAMA ETHNIC GROUP IN THE EASTERN INDONESIA
Authors: Salnuddin . , Nurjaya I Wayan , Jaya Indra , Natih Nyoman M.N.
Published: January 2018

The Sama ethnic group (Bajo) is well known as “Indonesian marine people” that dominantly spreaded in coastal region of eastern Indonesian region. Their activities have been adapting with the territorial water as shown in the determination of their home floor height to prevent from the tidal flood. The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of the tidal range calculation by local knowledge of the Sama ethnic group (Sama Ethnic Method, SEM). The analysis was done by comparing tidal range result calculated by the Sama Ethnic Method (SEM) with the standardized tidal harmonic constituents.  The result showed that the 2nd tidal peaks (DLB-s) in the 15th “Sya’ban” date was the best date to do measurement of a tidal range. In this case, the “Likkas Silapas” (LS) value at the above date was above the mean height water level (MHWL). Meanwhile, in other dates, the LS value was under MHWL value. The result also showed a strong correlation (R2> 90%) between rasio of tidal high on 1st and 2ndpeaks (DLB-s/DLB-m) on 15th Sya’ban date and LS-s value. The local knowledge of the Sama Ethnic Method to determine the tidal range was effective and scientifically proven. Keywords: the Sama Ethnic group, tidal range, Likkas Boe, Likkas Silapas, Sya’ban
DYNAMIC OF SEA LEVEL ANOMALY OF INDONESIAN WATERS
Authors: Nababan Bisman , Hadianti Sri , Natih Nyoman M.N.
Published: January 2018

A trend in sea level rise as a result of global warming could be a threat to small islands and coastal areas in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to determine the trend and variability of mean sea level anomaly (MSLA) in Indonesian waters during the 20 years of observation. The data used in this study were monthly MSLA data obtained from the AVISO website (ftp://ftp.aviso.oceanobs.com). Supporting data were the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) (http://www.gom.gov.au/climate/enso), Dipole Indian Mode (DIM) index (http://gcmd.nasa.gov/records/GCMD_Indian_Ocean_Dipole.html), and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index (http://research.jisao.washington.edu/pdo/). Eigth stations of Indonesian waters were selected to study the variability of MSLA. In general, MSLA variabilities of Indonesian waters had a seasonal pattern, positively correlated with the SOI index, and negatively correlated with DIM and PDO indexes. The partial correlation of DIM was more dominant in west of Sumatra (r=-0.52) and south of Java (r=-0.44), PDO was more dominant in the northern waters of Papua (r=-0.37) and Makassar Strait (r=-0.33), and SOI was more dominant in northern Papua (r=0.52) and less toward the west of Indonesian waters. Overall, the MSLA variability of Indonesian waters can be explained by the variabilities of SOI, DIM, and PDO indexes with the lowest value in Natuna waters by 12% (R2=0.12) and the highest value in the northern waters of Papua by 54% (R2=0.54). Interannual variabilities were observed during ENSO events (SOI<-10) along with the maximum value of DIM index resulted in the lowest value of MSLA. Meanwhile, the highest value of MSLA was found during La Nina events (SOI>10) in conjunction with a minimum value of DIM and PDO indexes. The average rate of sea level rise in Indonesian waters was 5.84 mm/yr, almost two times higher than the average rate of global sea level rise (3.2 mm/yr). Keywords: mean sea level, anomaly, SOI, DIM, PDO, interannual, ENSO
CONCENTRATION HEAVY METALS (Cu AND Pb) IN MUSI RIVER ESTUARY
Authors: Putri Wike Ayu Eka , Bengen Dietriech G. , Riani Etty
Published: January 2018

The Musi River is one of the biggest river of twelve big rivers in South Sumatra Province. Water quality of this river affects the water quality in the estuary and biological health in its surrounding so that it is important to determine the Cu and Pb concentrations. The purposes of this study were to analize distribution of heavy metals (Cu and Pb) and to determine the water quality status in March and September 2014. The water and sediment samples were collected from eight stations along the Musi River from downstream to the estuary. Heavy metal concentration was analized by employing USEPA 30050B method using AAS Spektra plus variant with air mixure flame – acetylene. Dissolved Cu and Pb concentrations in March were 0,002 - 0,006 mg/l and 0,002-0,003 mg/l, respectively, while in September were 0,001-0,010 mg/lfor Cu and 0,001-0,005 mg/lfor Pb. Cu and Pb concentrations in sediment detected in March were 6,92-16,4 mg/l and 1,9-11,4 mg/l, respectively, while in September were  2,3-13,9 mg/l for Cu and 4,29-9,95 mg/l for Pb. Student test analysis showed that was no significant differences between Pb and Cu concentrations (dissolved and sediment) between March and September. Generally, the concentration of heavy metals Cu and Pb in Musi River estuary were still below specified quality standards.Keywords: heavy metal, Cu, Pb, the Musi River, estuary
INCREASING CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION AND TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH AND HISTOPATHOLOGY OF TROPIC MACROALGAE Halimeda sp
Authors: Sahabuddin . , Jompa Jamaluddin , Rukminasari Nita
Published: January 2018

The increasing CO2 concentration and temperature affected growth, chlorophyll content, calcium content, and histological tissue of tropical macroalgae Halimeda sp. The study was conducted to examine the interaction effect of the increased CO2 concentration and temperature on growth, chlorophyll-a content, calcium content, and histological tissue of tropical macroalgae Halimeda sp in a laboratory. Research was set with a completely randomized factorial design at 3 levels of factors (A) the CO2 concentration: 385 ppm (ambient), 750 ppm (medium), 1000 ppm (high), and 3 levels of factor (B) the temperature: 30oC, 32oC, 34oC. Microcolony of macroalgae Halimeda sp were selected and obtained from the Lae-lae island then growing in the aquarium 30 x 30 x 45 cm3. Biological parameters observed were growth rate (total, specific and relative), chlorophyll-a content, calcium content, and histopathology tissue. The results showed that the increased of CO2 concentration and temperature negatively affected on the growth of Halimeda sp, reduced of the growth rate, the chlorophyll-a content, calcium content and  damaged  to histopatology tissue of the Halimeda sp at trophical macroalgae. Keywords: CO2  concentration, temperature, growth response, histopathology, Halimeda sp
ACCURACY IMPROVEMENT ON SEA SURFACE HEIGHT ESTIMATION BASED ON WAVEFORM RETRACKING ANALYSES OF JASON-2 SATELLITE IN JAVA SEA
Authors: Hakim Muhammad R. , Nababan Bisman , Panjaitan James P.
Published: January 2018

A waveform created by the reflected signal from altimeter satellite in offshore is generally in ideal shape (Brown-waveform) and produces an accurate sea surface height (SSH) estimation. However, over coastal waters, the waveform shape becomes complex due to a disruption by reflected signal from land, resulting inaccurate SSH estimation. The objective of this research was to improve the accuracy of SSH estimation employing waveform retracking analyses of Jason-2 altimeter satellite data in the Java Sea during the years of 2012-2014. This study used data from the Sensor Geophysical Data Record type D (SGDR-D) from Jason-2 satellite (cycle 129 - 239) and global geoid undulation data of Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM08). Waveform retracking analyses were conducted using several retracker methods. The performance of the all retrackers were examined using a world reference undulation geoid of EGM08. The results showed that the waveform retracking analyses were able to improve the accuracy of SSH estimation approximately 29.7% in the north coast and 56.4% in the south coast of total non-Brown-waveform in each region. Higher improvement percentage (IMP) of SSH estimation found in the southern coastal areas was due to a relatively smooth coastline formation in this region than in northern coastal region. There was no specific retracker that produce dominant IMP of SSH estimation. However, the  threshold 10% retracker produced better SSH estimation than the other retrackers with dominant IMP values of 57.1% (pass 051), 48.1% (pass 064), and 25.7% (pass 127). OCOG retracker the worst retracker to estimate SSH in the Java Sea.                                                                                                               Keywords: EGM08, waveform retracking, SSH, Jason-2, ocean retracker, threshold retracker
REEF FISHES BIODIVERSITY IN MARINE SANCTUARY AT MINAHASA UTARA DISTRICT, NORTH SULAWESI
Authors: Setiawan Fakhrizal , Tasidjawa Sonny , Wantah Efra , Johanis Hendri
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThere are some marine sanctuaries (DPL) which are managed together by its societies in North Minahasa regency. From 19 villages with DPL, we conducted surveys using point intercept transect in 14 villages both inside and outside DPL in the subdistrict West Likupang and East Likupang, North Minahasa. Result showed that live coral cover was in general in moderate to excellent conditions both inside and outside DPL. Reef fish recorded in the study areas consisted of 267 reef fish species which categorized into 40 families. Bahoi village had the highest abundance and biomass within the DPL due to a very good condition of coral reef ecosystemn (>75% coral cover) both inside and outside DPL. Biomass of reef fish outside DPL of Bahoi was small but its abundance was the highest. This conditions indicated that the size of reef fish outside of Bahoi DPL was small and this gave a positive perspective to supply fishes into the outside region of Bahoi DPL. Overall, marine sanctuary in North Minahasa contained reef fish community structure in good condition, moderate diversity, relatively labile of evenness index, and low dominance. Grouping by similarity, reef fish species were generally similar in all locations. The separation of DPL locations produced some different fishes group due to its different location, oceanographic conditions, and characters. Keywords: Marine sanctuary, reef fish community, North Minahasa.
FISHING ZONE IN KARIMUNJAWA NATIONAL PARK
Authors: Simbolon Domu , Irnawati Ririn , Wiryawan Budy , Murdiyanto Bambang , Nurani Tri Wiji
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTKarimunjawa National Park (KNP) consists of 7 zones i.e., core, protection, tourism, residence, rehabilitation, cultivation, and traditional fisheries utilization zone. Fishing activities in the traditional fisheries utilization zone (TFUZ) was not optimal because of limited of fishing zone information. The objective of this study was to determine the fishing zone based on major fish for each fishing gear. This study was conducted in KNP from October to December 2009. The major fish resources were determined through analyses of comparative performance index (CPI). Fish resource potential was analyzed by bio-economic model. The existence of fish resources were used as a basis of arrangement of fishing gear arround the fishing zone, through consideration of fishing gear characteristics, the characteristics of waters, the probabilities of conflict, degradation of fish resources, and regulations. Map of fishing zones were created using geographicl information system. Results showed that potential fishes around the TFUZ were reef fishes such as trevallies, yellow tail, and grouper. The potency of reef fishes was about 149 tons/year and pelagic fish of 19,080 tons/year. Fishing zones around the TFUZ consisted of (1) area of 0-3 miles from coastal line which was allocated as the fishing zone of reef fishes using hand line and fish trap, (2) area of 3-4 miles from coastal line which was allocated as demersal fishing zone using bottom gillnet, (3) area of 0-4 miles from coastal line which was allocated as pelagic fishing zone using surface gillnet, and (4) area that more than 4 miles which was allocated as pelagic fishing zone using dynamic fishing gear (troll line), and boat lift net. Keywords:  fishing zone, reef fish, pelagic fish, gillnet, Karimunjawa
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FISH JUVENILE IN MANGROVE AND SEAGRASS HABITATS IN PRAMUKA ISLAND
Authors: Amin Fathul , Kamal M Mukhlis , Taurusman Am Azbas
Published: January 2018

This study was aimed to investigate the community structure of fish juvenile, spatial distribution and similarity from both adjacent habitats of mangrove and seagrass. This study was conducted in the eastern part of Pramuka island from April to June 2015. The samples were collected by using line transect method in three observation areas that were spatially connected i.e., mangrove, transition and seagrass zones. The result of the study from three observation zones revealed that there were found 24 species of fishes from 15 families i.e., Siganidae (4 species), Apogonidae (3 species), Ger-reidae (2 species), Terapontidae (2 species), Gobiidae (2 species), Labridae (2 species), Mugilidae, Nemipteridae, Hemiramphidae, Sphyraenidae, Monacanthidae, Atherinidae, Pomacentridae, Lut-janidae, and Lethrinidae (each of them 1 species). According to community structure, the adjacent ob-servation zones did not show a significant difference in the number of species, abundance, and bio-mass. According to fish distribution, fish species in transition zone and seagrass zone were relatively similar and dominated by Gerres oblongus, Fibramia lateralis, and Siganus canaliculatus. Mean-while, in mangrove zone revealed a significant different of fish species than in transition and seagrass zones.  In mangrove zone, fish species was dominated by Gerres oblongus and Siganus guttatus.  Keywords: spatial distribution, juvenile, mangrove, seagrass, pramuka Island, Siganidae
THE ADDITION OF ZEOLITE, ACTIVATED CARBON, CLOVE OIL, AND DIFFERENT SALINITY FOR GLUCOSE RESPONSE AND OSMOTIC PRESSURE ON JUVENILE GIANT PRAWN IN CLOSED TRANSPORT SIMULATION SYSTEM WITH HIGH DENSITY
Authors: Humairani . , Supriyono Eddy , Nirmala Kukuh
Published: January 2018

Long distance transportation of prawn juvenile usually use a closed system. Indonesian farmers often face  problem in this juvenile transportation such as a low survival rate due to shrimp stress and changes in water quality during transportation. This study was aimed to determine the effect of salt, cloves oil, zeolite, and activated carbon for maintaining water quality in 24 hours juvenile giant prawn simulation transportation at high density. The study was conducted at laboratory scale with a complete randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates. For each treatments, it was added 4.67 µl/L clove oil, 20 g of zeolite, 10 g of activated carbon within 4 (four) different salt concentration i.e., 0 g/L (A), 4.7 g/L (B), 9.4 g/L(C), 14.1 g/L(D) and K (without salt, clove oil, zeolites and activated carbon). The results showed that the addition of 9.4 g/L of salt, 4.67 µl/L clove oil, 20 g of zeolite, and 10 g of activated carbon produced the best results with the highest survival rate by 88±2% at the end of simulation transportation and 82±2.83% after rearing, water quality and physiological respons of shrimp remains in good condition at the simulation transportation and at rearing. Keywords: juvenile giant prawn, salt, high density, physiological responses
DIVERSITY OF NEOGRASTOPODA IN LAMPUNG BAY
Authors: Cappenberg Hendrik A.W.
Published: January 2018

The research was conducted in April 2008 and March 2009, in the Lampung Bay on six locations: Lahu, Ringgung, Hurun Bay, Mutun, Pelabuhan Panjang, and Sebalang. The aims of this research were to determine the diversity of neogastropod and their condition in this bay. The neogastropod samples were collected by using square transect method. A total number of 176 individuals of neo-gastropod consisted of 15 species which were belong to 6 families were collected from the bay. Mo-rula Margariticola and Morula sp. (Muricidae) were the dominance species with relatively wide dis-tribution. The diversity index (H’) ranged between 0,90 – 2,10. The evenness index (e) ranged between 0.65 – 0.91, and the species dominant index (C) ranged between 0.15 – 0.49. The overall calculation indicated that the diversity of neogastropod in the Lampung Bay was relatively low. Comparison the diversiry of neogastropod from the other various areas in the coastal zone of Indonesia was also dis-cussed in this paper. Keywords: diversity, neogastropod, Lampung Bay.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION OF INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW IN THE MAKASSAR STRAIT
Authors: Atmadipoera Agus S. , Horhoruw Selfrida M. , Purba Mulia , Nugroho Dwi Y.
Published: January 2018

Using outputs of INDESO model, this study investigated vertical structure, spatial and temporal variation of the Indonesian Throughflow in Makassar Strait (M-ITF). It was shown that the main axis of persistent southward jet of M-ITF formed a unique path following the western shelf slope along the strait, which was associated with a high kinetic energy (KE) region from near-surface down to the thermocline layer. Furthermore, a drastic jump of KE appeared in the narrow and deep Libani Chan-nel (near 3°S) where the strait's width shrinks significantly, thus an elevated flow velocity was needed to maintain transport volume balance. Here, maximum southward velocity at thermocline exceeded 1.2 m/s. Spatial pattern of M-ITF can be described by the first EOF mode which accounts for 79 % of the total variances. It exhibited that contours of the flow amplitudes were similar to M-ITF path, and the largest amplitude was located near the Libani Channel. Out-of-phase relationship of the flow was found between M-ITF and eddies circulation that developed in the edges of the strait. Corresponding temporal fluctuation of the first EOF mode indicated that M-ITF variabilities varied from intra-seasonal to inter-annual scales. Annual fluctuation of M-ITF was seen from EOF mode-2 (at thermocline layer) and mode-3 at lower-thermocline. Cross-spectra analysis revealed that variability of M- ITF (e.g. on annual scale) at northern entrance was highly coherent to the fluctuations of North Equatorial Current (NEC) and Mindanao Current (MC), suggesting that variability of M-ITF was remotely influenced by the Pacific low-latitude western boundary currents. Keywords: INDESO model, Indonesian Throughflow, Makassar Strait, EOF, Cross-Spectra Analysis
BINARY VECTOR CONSTRUCTION OF KAPPA(κ)-CARRAGEENASE GENE AND TRANSFORMATION TO Agrobacterium tumefaciens AS MEDIATOR FOR SEAWEED TRANSGENIC GENERATION
Authors: Rajamuddin Muh Alias L. , Alimuddin . , Widyastuti Utut , Harris Enang , Suryati Emma
Published: January 2018

Increasing of kappa (κ)-carrageenan content in Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed is potentially be achieved by applying transgenesis technology. This study was performed to obtain a construction of  κ-Carrageenase gene and Agrobacterium tumefaciens to carry those construction genes.  The κ-Carrageenase (κ-Car) gene was involved in κ-carrageenan biosynthesis. The κ-Car gene sequence was ligated between the 35S CaMV promoter and tNos terminator sequences to generate pMSH/κ-Car expression vector. Transformation of pMSH/κ-Car plasmid to Escherichia coli was performed by heat-shock method, and to Agrobacterium tumefaciens by tri-parental mating method. The results showed that several colonies of E. coli and A. tumefaciens grew in the selective culture mediums containing antibiotic. PCR analysis using primers 35S-Forward and tNos-Reverse with DNA template from those bacterial colonies resulted DNA fragment of about 2,000 bp, the same as the total length of 35S CaMV promoter, κ-Car gene and tNos terminator sequences. Therefore, the construction of pMSH/κ-Car gene was succeeded and a colony of A. tumefaciens transformant carrying pMSH/κ-Car plasmid was successfully produced.                                                                                   Keywords:  Agrobacterium tumefaciens, kappa(κ)-Carrageenase gene, transgenesis, vector
SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE DAN CHLOROPHYLL-A CONCENTRATION VARIABILITIES OF JAKARTA BAY AND ITS SURROUNDING WATERS
Authors: Nababan Bisman
Published: January 2018

Variability of sea surface temperature (SST) and the concentration of chlorophyll-a (Chla) in Jakarta Bay and its surrounding waters were analyzed based on the time series data of monthly mean SST and Chla estimated by NOAA AVHRR, SeaWiFS, and MODIS satellites for 17 years (1997 to 2014). Generally, the monthly mean SST values fluctuated seasonally with the semi-annual pattern with the maximum value occurred in the second transitional season (Oct-Nov) and relatively high in the first transitional season (Mar). In contrast, the minimum of monthly mean SST values was found during the east season (Jul) and relatively low during the west season (Des-Jan). SST variabilities were generally associated with the sun position, sea water circulation, and rainfall. Based on MODIS data, the minimum-maximum of monthly mean SST ranged of 28.39°C-32.58°C. Seasonal fluctuations with the semi-annual pattern also occurred in the monthly mean Chla values with the maximum value occurred during the west season (Des-Jan) and relatively high values occurred during the east season (Jun). In contrast, the minimum of the monthly mean Chla was found during the second transition season (Sep-Oct) and relatively low during the first transitional season (March-Apr). The minimum-maximum of monthly mean Chla ranged of 0.09 mg/m3-2.50 mg/m3. Chla fluctuations were generally associated with the variabilities of rainfall, river water discharge, and sea water circulation of the Java Sea. Anomalous climatic factors such as El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and La Nina produced a significant impact on the SST and Chla interannual variability. Generally, the ENSO phenomenon lo-wers the value SST and Chla, while La Nina events tended to increase Chla values.Keywords: sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a, fluctuation, NOAA AVHRR, SeaWiFS, MODIS
BIODIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF DEMERSAL FISHS STOCK IN TAMBELAN WATER, NATUNA SEA
Authors: Fahmi . , Yonvitner .
Published: January 2018

Understanding on fish diversity is essential for fish stock conservation specifically in Tambelan Island waters with a high fish diversity. This research was conducted in November 2010 at 6 sampling site around Tambelan Island. Samples were taken using trawl gear within sweeping technique. The para-meters of collected data were kind of species, number of fish, total length, and total weight. Data analyses were stock abundance (based on time trawling), diversity, richness, equity, and similarity between site sampling. The total fishes that were caugth were 1.224 individual that consisted of 105 species and 44 family of fishes. Total weight of sample was 55.3 kg, with the average stock abundance 0.27 kg/hour. Fishes catch composition were Apogonidae family 11,4%, Mulliidae family 35.7%, Nemipteridae family 16.3%, and Lutjanidae family 7,7%.  Richness value index ranged of 1862 –3.121. Equitability index ranged of 0.329 – 0.576.  Similarity index for station 3 and 6 was at 33.89% level; for station 1, 4, and 5 was at 20.31 % level,  and for station 4 and 5 was at 45,30% level from the maximum value of 100%.
SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS IN BALOHAN BAY, SABANG
Authors: Purnawan Syahrul , Alamsyah Tengku Putra Fajran , Setiawan Ichsan , Rizwan . , Ulfah Maria , Rahimi Sayyid Afdhal El
Published: January 2018

We investigated the sediment properties and distribution in Balohan Bay, which is located in southern Weh Island, Aceh Province. The aim of this research was to clarify the sediment distribution mechanism in the Balohan Bay using a statistical approach. Samples were collected on January 2016 using coring method. Sediment grain-size distribution from 14 stations was obtained using wet sieve analysis. A large amount of fine sand and very fine sand were found in Balohan Bay, as a result of several tributaries discharged in those areas. The sediment distribution in eastern stations showed an indication as a coarser size and a poorer sorted area, as they were adjacent to the steep cliff.
SUITABILITY OF CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM CONDITION BASED ON LOCAL ECOLOGY KNOWLEDGE WITH SURVEY METHOD IN EAST COAST OF WEH ISLAND
Authors: Siregar Jhon Septin Maurisdo , Adrianto Luky , Madduppa Hawis
Published: January 2018

Local ecological knowledge (LEK) refers to the knowledge of people in a local community that can be used in assessing environmental conditions as well as reflecting the interaction that occur in an ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to examine condition of coral reef ecosystem based on the LEK’s community in a marine protected area east coast weh island (KKPD PTPW) Sabang. Assessment of the coral reef condition based on the local’s ecological knowledge is justified from the suitability of the area by comparing map of the coral reefs condition based on LEK and observation map of the coral reefs condition during the study. Based on LEK, it is known that in the PTPW Sabang region coral reefs which falls under deteriorated class is found in the northern sea of Kelurahan Kota Atas, while those which falls under good condition class are found in Ie Meule and Ujung Kareng as well as in Anoi Itam except Benteng. Result from the observations done in 13 stations found that sea region near Sumur Tiga, Ujung Kareung and Benteng have a good coral reefs with a coverage range of 51-65 %. While the sea in Ujung Seuke, Anoi Itam and Reuteuk have a moderate coral reefs with a percentage of coverage ranging from 44- 49. Respondents’ perceptions of the coral reef condition during the last 10 years which include 55% respondents in Ie Meule and 74.29% of respondend in Anoi Itam stated that there is an increment of coral reefs coverage.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE FORMULATED FEEDING IN JUVENILE CORAL TROUT, Plectropomus leopardus IN CONTROLLED TANK
Authors: Alit Anak Agung , Setiawati Ketut Maha , Setiadharma Tony
Published: January 2018

A coral trout grouper is the fishery commodities to generate foreign exchange through exports, to date cultivation continued. The purpose is to obtain data and information on the dose of the right artificial feeding and can increase the survival rate of the optimum seed nursery in the juvenile coral trout in controlled tank. Research has been conducted at the hatchery and the Institute for Mariculture Reasearch and Development Gondol, Bali. Containers experiment is used is a fiber with a size of 1 m³ up to 12 containers. test animals used were seeds of coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus with initial body length on average 3 cm with each treatment density of 100 fish/m³. Coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus seed kept in fibers. This type of feed given in the form of commercial pellet feed with a protein content of 48%, and additional food such as shrimp Mysid (jembret) for 10 days. The frequency of feeding 3 times a day (morning 8:00. local time, lunch 13:00 local time, and afternoon 17:00 local time). Treatment feeding attempted is the treatment of A = 5% dose of artificial feeding, B = 10% dose of artificial feeding, C = 15% dose of artificial feeding, and D = 20% dose of artificial feeding. The study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, each treatment was repeated 3 times. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance. If the variance is different then conducted a further test using the smallest real difference test (BNT). The results showed that significantly different (P <0.05) on survival, feed conversion, weight gain and body length of coral trout. The highest survival rate in treatment C = 15% dose artificial feeding is. = 90.83 ± 1.80%, followed by treatment D, B, and A.
ASSOCIATION OF LOKAN SHELL Geloina erosa, SOLANDER 1786 AND MANGROVE AT KAHYAPU COASTAL AREA OF ENGGANO ISLAND, BENGKULU PROVINCE
Authors: Agustini Nella Tri , Bengen Dietriech G. , Prartono Tri
Published: January 2018

Lokan shell Geloina erosa closely related to mangrove ecosystem in Enggano island. Mangrove is one supplier of organic materials required by Lokan shell. The research conducted in September 2015 - January 2016 at mangrove ecosystems in Kahyapu coastal area, aims to analyse lokan shells Geloina erosa conditions and its association with mangrove ecosystems. Sampling of mangrove vegetation was taken using line transect and lokan shell sampling using plot in mangrove ecosystem. The results show that mangrove condition of the Kahyapu coastal area was in healthy condition for the growth of lokan shell. Lokan shell are significantly assosiated with mangrove in Kahyapu coastal area of Enggano Island.
THE EFFECTS OF FASTING DURATION AND DIFFERENT DENSITIES OF GROUPER SEED TRANSPORTED IN CLOSED SYSTEM
Authors: Ismi Suko , Kusumawati Daniar , Asih Yasmina Nirmala
Published: January 2018

Indonesia is an archipelagic country with many locations suit for aquaculture. Grouper hatcheries are still concentrated in a few locations. Therefore, appropriate technology to transport live grouper seed is needed to ensure the survival and health of the seed. This study aimed to determine the duration of fasting before transportation and the optimum density of grouper seed during transportation. Transportation was conducted in closed system, transported using a car, for 24 hours. Grouper seed used for the experiment was cantik hybrid grouper, a cross-breed between female tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and male marbled grouper (Epinephelus microdon) with an average of size 7.0±0.32 cm. There were 2 experiments in this study. Experiment 1 was different durations of fasting before transprotation: A. 12 hours, B. 24 hours, C. 36 hours and D. 48 hours with the density of 150 seeds/boxes. The result of the first experiment was used to determine the experimental design of experiment 2, which consisted of 4 different densities per boxes: A. 125 seeds, B. 150 seeds, C. 175 seeds and D. 200 seeds. Both of the experiments were conducted in triplicates. The seeds were packed in plastic bags with a thickness 0.08 mm, length 120 cm x width 53 cm, filled with 10 liters of sea water. The results showed that the duration of fasting from 36 to 48 hours had the highest survival rate. Polinomial relation y = -0.0439x2 + 3.7696x + 17.075 with the value of R² = 0.966 illustrated that the optimum duration of fasting was 44 hours. There was a significant difference in densities of seeds during transportation (P<0.05), where the higher density lead to the lower survival rate. The density of 125 seeds/boxes resulted in the highest survival rate, 99.0 ± 1.0%.
TOGO PERFOMANCE IN RIVER AND PONDS AT CEMARA LABAT VILLAGE, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN
Authors: Berlianti Febrina , Yusfiandayani Roza , Sondita M. Fedi A. , Murdiyanto Bambang
Published: January 2018

Togo is a passive gear and classified as a trap and guiding barrier. Togo fishery in Cemara Labat village covers fishing activities in river and ponds. Penaeus indicus fishing in ponds are considered more profitable because catches obtained were greater thanboth in term of abundance and biomass. This study aims to identify fishing unit, compare the productivity and analyze differences in the number and size of catches of togo in river and ponds. The research used case study, survey and interview techniques to collect data on the performance of the fishing gear, productivity, the number and size of catches were analyzed using technical analysis, productivity trip and unpaired comparisson t-test. Results showed fishing unit of togo in river consists of fishing gear and boat, while the components on the fishing unit of togo in ponds consisting of fishing gear, ponds and hut. The t -test showed that it differed in abundance and biomass of shrimp on the different togo (p<0.05). The average size in river was 7879 cm with average catch was 10.60 kg while catches per trip was 31.47 kg trip-1 less than togo in ponds which reached 53.45 kg trip-1 with an average number and size where each 31.47 kg and 10.07 cm.
Front-matter
Authors: Bengen Dietriech G.
Published: January 2018

Front-matter
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF POKEA CLAM Batissa violacea var. celebensis, VON MARTENS 1897 AT LASOLO ESTUARY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI
Authors: Bahtiar .
Published: January 2018

Pokea clam Batissa violacea var. celebensis von Martens 1897 that inhabits the substrates of some estuaries in Southeast Sulawesi has a tendency to have different reproductive pattern. The aim of this study was to determine the sex ratio, gonadal maturity stage (TKG), gonadal maturity index (IKG) and the size at first gonad maturity of pokea in Lasolo estuary, Southeast Sulawesi.  Samples were randomly collected using a traditional fishing gear called tangge.  Sex ratio, TKG, IKG, and the size at first gonad maturity were determined using standard methods and formulas and then analyzed using Chi Square, quantitative description and non-linear regression. The results showed that the number of males were higher than the numbers of females, ranging from 71.85-89.84% and 10.16-28.15%, respectively.  Gonadal maturity development of male and female occured simultaneously. Early gonadal maturity stage began in January.  Spawning occurs twice, beginning with maturity in April and spawning in May and then again maturity in July and spawning in July until October.  IKG values of male and female were relatively the same ranging from 2.56-31.92. The males matured earlier than the females at size 1.95 cm and 2.15 cm, respectively.   Keywords: female, gonad, male, clam, maturity, spawning
TOTAL HEMOCYTE COUNT AND HEMOLYMPH GLUCOSE CONCENRATION RESPONSE OF SPINY LOBSTER Panulirus homarus ON RATIO OF SHELTER
Authors: Djai Suhaiba , Supriyono Eddy , Nirmala Kukuh , Adiyana Kukuh
Published: January 2018

This research was conducted to assess the physiological response of the lobster Panulirus homarus for the ratio of the shelters. The method used completely randomized design with two replicates of each treatments with shelter ratio (A) 1 : 5, (B) 3 : 5, (C) 4 : 5, (D) 5 : 5. Weight average for 184 lobsters with the stocking density of 23 lobsters for each treatment was 32.64 ± 0.58 g. The experiment was conducted for 60 days. The lobster was fed with trash fish and acclimatized for 7 days before the experiment. Observations on the physiologycal of every 10 days. The physiological responses that observed were total hemocyte count (THC) and hemolymph glucose concentration. The results showed that 4:5 was the best lobster shelter ratio because it could reduce stress levels. This is indicated by the stable values of THC and hemolymph glucose level during the experiment and supported by the growth of 57.28 ± 0.15 g and survival rate of 91.31 ± 2.60%. Keywords: lobster, Panulirus homarus, ratio, shelter, THC, glucose
CARRYING CAPACITY OF EAST BEACH OF BULUKUMBA REGENCY FOR MARINE TOURISM ACTIVITIES
Authors: Wahyuni Andi Panca , Yonvitner . , Setyobudiandi Isdradjad
Published: January 2018

The purpose of the study was to assess the carrying capacity of  East Beach of Bulukumba Regency for tourism activities. East Beach was obtained three marine tourism activities namely beach tourism of recreation, snorkeling and diving. Coastal tonamelyurism/recreation categories according to the total length area that utilized around 1.696  m can accommodate 68 people/day, snorkeling tourism around  71.605 m² can accommodate 286 people/day and diving tourism around 98.534  m²  is able to accommodate 394 people/day. Thus the total tourist that can fit to the overall tourism activity around 748 people/day. Keywords : carrying capacity, marine tourism, east beach, Bulukumba regency
SUITABILITY ANALYSIS OF FLOATING CAGE CULTURE OF GROUPER FISH USING GIS IN RINGGUNG WATERS OF LAMPUNG
Authors: Hastari Indah Febry , Kurnia Rahmat , Kamal M. Mukhlis
Published: January 2018

The study aims to determine suitability of floating cage (KJA) culture of grouper fish in Ringgung waters of Lampung. Data were analysed using GIS for spatial analysis at five stations.  There were 10 water quality parameters measured, such as bathimetry, current velocity, water transparency, temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate. Three suitability criteria, i.e very suitable, suitable, and not suitable were used to determine the suitability of floating cage culture of grouper fish. The results show that from 99.168,5 ha of the total area used for floating cage culture of grouper fish, about 85,94% covering 8522,16 ha were classified as very suitable, 5,64% covering 559,69 ha classified as suitable, and  8,42% covering 835 ha classified as not suitable.                                     Keywords : grouper culture, suitability, Ringgung waters, Lampung Province, GIS