bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on association of serum uric acid and blood pressure in hypertensives at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Babu K Ranjith , Samozai Malika Noorjehan , Devarapalli Rajashree
Published: December 2021

Hypertension(HTN) is the most common and significant cardiovascular disease because of its prevalence and severity of the damage to the mankind globally. Hyperuricemia, a condition of increased levels of Serum Uric acid (UA) has been proposed to have an association with hypertension in various studies. In certain studies, serum uric acid levels has been found to be an independent predictor for developing hypertension. On the basis of the above observations, we have proposed to the present study to compare the relationship between serum UA and hypertension in a single cohort with adjustment of all possible confounding factors.

A total of 245 subjects were enrolled in this study during a regular routine health checkup. All subjects were informed about the study aims Individuals having a known history of gout and cardiac or severe renal diseases and patients who are already under medication for anti-hyperuricemic were excluded from the study. General information like Name, Age, Sex, Occupation, Address along with history of any drug intake and anthropometric indices - body weight (BW), body height (BH), hip circumference (HC), waist circumference (WC), and lifestyle information have been obtained. The data has been arranged in tables with mean ± SD for further analysis. The data is analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. The difference between the groups for baseline variables was done by independent sample t-test (two-tailed). Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was performed to assess the interrelationships between baseline variables and SUA concentrations. The differences for the variables among the groups was determined by using One-way ANOVA.

Of the 245 subjects, mean age of the participants was 42.4 ± 8.4 years (range 18–70 years). There was no significant difference in the mean levels of Height, Weight and BMI between the two groups. Mean levels of WC, HC were significantly different between two group (p < 0.05) subjects. The mean levels of SBP and DBP were also significantly more in the hypertensive subjects (p < 0.001). In Pearson’s correlation coefficient test, SUA levels were significantly related with SBP and DBP. In this study, we have observed comparatively a stronger relationship for SUA concentration with hypertension and prehypertension in the participants.

The extended mechanism for the effect of SUA on hypertension is yet to be elucidated. There are some hypotheses partly explain the association between SUA and high blood pressure. One of the possible mechanism might be uric acid deposition on the blood vessels walls activates the renin-angiotensin system, suppress the liberate of carbon monoxide, enhance inflammation, and leads to vasoconstriction on later stage, which consequently leads to hyperplasia and incidence of hypertension. Another possibility involving oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction associated with high SUA levels may contribute to high blood pressure.
Study of contributing arteries to superficial palmar arch formation
Authors: Sridevi P Bangale
Published: December 2021

The superficial palmar arch (SPA) is formed predominantly by the ulnar artery with a contribution from the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery.

: To study contributing arteries in superficial palmar arch formation and variations in its formation.

: Study comprised of 30 upper limbs from 15 cadavers. Palmar arches in them were dissected following classical incisions and dissection procedures of Cunninghams’ manual.

: SPA was formed by superficial branch of ulnar artery only in 13.33% specimens, by superficial branch of both ulnar and radial artery in 70% specimens, by superficial branch of ulnar and persistent median artery in 13.33% specimens and was formed by superficial branches of ulnar and radial arteries with persistent median artery in 3.33% specimens. SPA was complete in 80% and was incomplete in 20% specimens.

: The arch formation is highly variable. Knowledge of contribution to the SPA will be helpful to the reconstructive hand surgical procedures such as arterial repairs, vascular graft applications and re-implantations.
Topography of the location of mental foramen in dried edentulous human mandible and its clinical implication
Authors: Vaghela Bhadreshkumar P , Gupta Boski , Gupta Sudarshan
Published: December 2021

The mental foramen is an oval or round opening on external surface of mandible and transmits mental nerve and vessels. Mostly located at apex of second mandibular premolar or between the apices of premolars.

The study was commenced on 60 dried edentulous mandibles with the aim to determine location of mental foramen(MF) with reference to surrounding anatomical landmarks. By measuring its distance from midline (symphysis menti), posterior border of ramus of mandible, lower border of mandible. Length of lower border (Base) of mandible was also measured.

In present study most common shape of mental foramen was round (70%). The mean distances of MF from midline are 24.36mm on right side and 24.15mm left side. From posterior border of ramus are 64.45mm on right side and 64.15mm on left side. From base of mandible are 12.29mm on right side and 12.48mm on left side. Length of base mandible (midline to angle of mandible) is 83.27mm right side and 83.12mm left side. Ratio of distance from symphysis menti to MF and length of base of mandible are same on both sides that are 0.29. There is statistically significant positive correlation between distance from symphysis menti to MF and length of base of mandible.

The MF plays a very important role in treatment planning and its location needs to be considered prior to placement of dental-implants, regional anesthesia, osteotomy-surgeries and during complete denture-fabrication in order to avoid MN injury and related complications.
Las APP y los órganos de control en América Latina y el Caribe: roles y desafíos
Authors: Brito Cardoso Diego , De Almeida Papa Uriel , Donovan Miguel , Palominos Aravena Orlando , Pella Patricia , Dickson Morales Rafael , Bagnoli Vicente , Rehbein Airton Roberto , Olivera María Luisa
Published: December 2021

Los Documentos de Discusión - PPP Américas 2021 componen una serie de textos desarrollados en preparación de la X Edición del PPP Américas, el principal foro de Asociaciones Público-Privadas (APP) de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), organizado cada dos años por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID). Con motivo de la edición del PPP Américas 2021, se reunieron ocho grupos temáticos de expertos, profesionales, consultores y académicos involucrados directamente en la planificación, identificación, estructuración y gestión de proyectos de infraestructura mediante Asociaciones Público-Privadas (APP) en los países de la región. Los grupos, bajo la coordinación de especialistas del BID, revisaron los principales temas de interés y actualidad en el ámbito de las APP en infraestructura económica y social, con el objeto de intercambiar experiencias, debatir casos de éxito y lecciones aprendidas. El presente documento de discusión “Las APP y los órganos de control en América Latina y el Caribe” recoge las principales conclusiones y recomendaciones derivadas de los debates de ese grupo temático, y pretende contribuir a la consolidación de un ambiente de intercambio de conocimiento en infraestructura y APP en la región, ofreciendo reflexiones sobre los roles de los órganos de control, sus desafíos y mejores prácticas en América Latina y Caribe.
Planning, Implementing, and Assessing an OER Faculty Learning Community: A Facilitator’s Lens
Authors: Orzech Mary Jo
Published: December 2021

A librarian-led Faculty Learning Community (FLC) focused on Open Educational Resources (OER) can be a practical, low risk way to sustain campus-based OER programs during and after initial start-up. Creating a space for sharing teaching successes and challenges is an important goal in the iterative journey toward open. The experiences and trust fostered in an FLC can help grow awareness of and commitment to adopting, deepening, and expanding a culture of openness. FLCs provide an opportunity to lean into open that enhances cross-campus relationships, identifies gaps, and emphasizes collegiality while moving toward enriched teaching and learning. They provide a launching point for sharing pedagogical practice, and a valuable venue for new ideas. Key strategies for planning, implementing, and assessing a multidisciplinary OER faculty learning community are highlighted. Practical advice is emphasized to support successful outcomes that can be easily replicated. Ten top takeaways are summarized from a year spent facilitating an OER FLC in a four-year, public, comprehensive college that included the shift to online courses during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it concludes with suggested next steps for continuing the OER conversation among faculty, students, librarians, instructional designers, teaching and learning center staff, administration, and other stakeholders.
OTESSA's Submission for the Government of Canada's Federal Pre-Budget Consultations
Authors: OTESSA
Published: December 2021

Governments have the opportunity to influence policy in education and to facilitate funding to support its implementation. This document contains seven recommendations made to the Government of Canada as part of its public consultation in developing its federal budget. It was developed with input from both members and public contributors involved with the Open/Technology in Education, Society, and Scholarship Association (OTESSA), then submitted to the Canadian federal government in August of 2021. The document was originally posted on a blog post on the OTESSA website at https://otessa.org
Las reglas de juego de la Revolución Ciudadana: el regreso del método D’Hondt al sistema electoral ecuatoriano
Authors: Ortiz Ortiz Richard
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo muestra cómo, durante lo que se denominó, en Ecuador, la Revolución Ciudadana (2007-2017), se reformaron y manipularon las reglas electorales a favor del partido en el poder (Alianza País). Una de las características del sistema electoral anterior al periodo en estudio fue el uso del método D’Hondt para la adjudicación de escaños. Este método, bastante criticado, fue declarado incompatible con la Constitución por el Tribunal Constitucional en febrero de 2004, pero fue reincorporado a la ley electoral en abril de 2006. Pese a que Alianza País había ofrecido reglas electorales más incluyentes y participativas, que al principio se reflejaron en los sistemas electorales de 2007 (Asamblea Constituyente) y 2009 (elecciones de transición), al final terminó diseñando normas electorales más injustas y excluyentes que las precedentes, mediante el cercenamiento de las circunscripciones (nueva ley electoral de 2009) y la reintroducción del método D’Hondt (reforma de 2012).
Indicios sobre el estado situacional de la descentralización en Ecuador
Authors: Costa Cevallos Marcelo , Aguirre Galo Blacio , Maldonado Ordóñez Jorge
Published: December 2021

La ejecución del proceso descentralizador en Ecuador ha tenido falencias y ha experimentado limitaciones de diferente naturaleza. La complejidad de reordenar políticamente un territorio, de redistribuir recursos, funciones, atribuciones entre niveles subnacionales, de cambiar paradigmas ideológicos, diluir coyunturas políticas desestabilizadoras y reformular toda una estrategia que durante décadas estuvo afianzada en un esquema concentrador, ha sido un reto para administradores y administrados, un camino aún por recorrer en términos de planificación e implementación de políticas públicas incluyentes y democráticas. La creación de la región autónoma es un proceso pendiente de consolidar dentro del contexto del reordenamiento territorial nacional, un indicador negativo que muestra la deficiencia de un sistema de planificación interinstitucional que no ha formulado planes graduales de articulación de los territorios provinciales.
La inhabilidad por actos de corrupción en la Ley 2014 de 2019: el fortalecimiento del guardián del contrato y el nacimiento de una nueva potestad pública contractual
Authors: León Balcero Jeffrey
Published: December 2021

La Ley 2014 de 2019 es uno de los más recientes esfuerzos legislativos para combatir la corrupción en la contratación pública. Para tal fin, se introducen modificaciones a la inhabilidad por actos de corrupción prevista en el Estatuto de la Contratación Pública y, paralelamente, se da carta de nacimiento a la cesión contractual unilateral por actos de corrupción. No obstante, el poco tiempo transcurrido desde su aparición y la deficiente claridad legislativa han sido fuente de interrogantes sobre la naturaleza, el fin y la operatividad de las modificaciones introducidas. Abordar tales aspectos constituye el objeto del presente artículo.
Los contratos de asociación público privada ¿Novedad o huida del derecho administrativo?
Authors: Carbajales Mariano
Published: December 2021

La investigación condensada en el presente trabajo tuvo como propósito determinar si las asociaciones público-privada (APP), como técnica o modo de colaboración entre el sector público y privado, requieren de una nueva tipificación dentro de la contratación administrativa o si puede enmarcarse dentro de los ya clásicos contratos administrativos, o bien si se trata de un contrato de derecho privado de la Administración pública. A través de una comparación y el método deductivo se hace una revisión de la doctrina y dogmática jurídica en materia de contratación estatal, y tomando como referente los principios generales que rigen el derecho Administrativo, se propone una definición de este tipo de contratos.
Reflexiones acerca del contrato de prestación de servicios en la Administración pública colombiana y de su indebida utilización: ¿un problema sin solución?
Authors: Castrillón Arango Daniel
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo no pretende ser otra cosa que lo que su título indica: unas reflexiones en relación con el contrato de prestación de servicios en la Administración pública. En el mismo se proponen reformas principalmente desde la órbita legal que podrían redundar en un uso racional de la tipología contractual y, adicionalmente, se hacen una serie de observaciones respect de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional y del Consejo de Estado que tienen que ver con aspectos procesales y sustanciales de la figura, pues un tratamiento más riguroso puede incidir en un mejor uso de la misma.
İzmir İlinde Bulunan Nadir, Endemik ve Tehdit Altındaki Bitki Türlerinin Toplanması ve Ex Situ Muhafazası
Authors: OĞUR Erdinç
Published: December 2021

Endemik ve nadir bitkiler bir ülkenin bitkisel genetik kaynak zenginliklerinin başında gelmektedir. Ülkenin sahip olduğu zengin genetik kaynaklar ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel değerleri nedeniyle stratejik bir öneme sahiptir. Bitki genetik kaynaklarımızın korunması, mevcut ve gelecek nesiller için sürdürülebilir kullanımının sağlanarak ekonomik değere dönüştürülmesi ülkemiz için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma, İzmir ilinde bulunan endemik, nadir ve tehdit altındaki bitki türlerinin toplanması ve ex situ muhafazası amacıyla 2014-2018 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan arazi çalışmaları sonucunda toplanan örneklerin 188 tanesinin çalışmada hedeflenen taksonlar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu türlerden 115 tanesi endemik, 48 tanesi tip örneği Türkiye olan, 13 tanesi nadir ve 12 tanesi endemik ya da nadir olmayıp IUCN kriterlerine göre tehdit kategorisinde olan taksonlardır. Yapılan arazi çalışmaları sonucunda tespit edilen taksonların IUCN tehdit kriterlerine göre tehlike kategorileri de belirlenmiştir. Bu taksonlardan bir takson Doğada Tükenmiş (EW), 6 takson Kritik (CR), 19 takson Tehlikede (EN), 36 takson Duyarlı (VU), 9 takson Korumaya Tabi (CD), 50 takson Düşük Riskli (LC), 14 takson Tehdite Yakın (NT) ve 3 takson Veri Yetersiz (DD) kategorisindedir. Hedef türlerin 188’inin herbaryum örnekleri alınırken 75’inden tohum materyali alınmıştır. Toplanan herbaryum örnekleri ETAE Herbaryumunda (İZ), tohum materyali ETAE Ulusal Tohum Gen Bankasında muhafazaya alınmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, endemik ve nadir bitkilerimizin iyi tanınması, korunması ve çoğaltılarak ekonomiye kazandırılması açısından önemlidir.
Design and Optimization Approach for the Magnetic Components of a Five-Level Current Source Rectifier
Authors: Reis Lisandra K. , Heldwein Marcelo L.
Published: December 2021

This work presents a design and optimization method of the five-level current source converter magnetics components, this is a contribution of this work, since the magnetics volume information of this topology lacks in the literature. The magnetics components are: the interphase transformers, the input and the output filter inductors. The converter volume is minimized when the magnetic components multi-domain optimization is done. The inductance values are defined with given constraints such as Electromagnetic Compatibility standards for differential mode filters, conduction and switching losses of the semiconductors and maximum current variation. This optimization is shown for two different converter switching frequencies: 45 kHz and 150 kHz. The copper losses, iron losses and temperature rise are calculated and used for selecting the smallest volume of each magnetic component with given specifications. A 6-kW prototype with the optimized magnetics was constructed
The "Femme Fatale": A Literary and Cultural Version of Femicide
Authors: Segal Naomi
Published: December 2021

The figure of the femme fatale is understood as inviting her own murder. Supposedly, the cause of the violence done by a man in thrall to her, she is in fact the primary victim of this violence. In the French confessional narrative, the woman is always somehow at fault for the protagonist’s failure, whether by loving him too little or too much; she dies and he lives to tell the tale, recounting it to another man who listens and absolves. Thus, the heroine both dies again and is revived, to be contained — in both senses — in the text. Fictions from three centuries — Prévost’s Manon Lescaut (1753), Mérimée’s Carmen (1845), and Gide’s L’Immoraliste (1902) — will be compared for their representation of literary femicide. Almost a century later, the changed ending of Fatal Attraction (directed by Lyne in 1987) demonstrates the public’s clamor for the killing of a supposedly dangerous woman. A final section compares the significance of Princess Diana with these fictional instances of femicide: How did our love for her bring on her violent death?
Research on key influencing factors of university students' digital competence in blended teaching
Authors: Zhang Kai
Published: December 2021

Understanding the current state of information and communication technology (ICT) use in teaching situations will help schools better develop students' 21st-century skills to meet the digital age's challenges and opportunities. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for colleges and universities to formulate the framework and implementation strategies of digital literacy education, by analysing the key factors that influence the digital literacy education of college students. Firstly, based on literature research and activity theory, this paper integrates and refines the influencing factors of digital literacy education of college students from five dimensions, and analyses the key factors affecting digital literacy education. Then, experts were invited to fill in the questionnaire to obtain sample data, and the interaction between the factors was analysed by using the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method to identify the key influencing factors. The results show that university policy, cultural environment, ICT infrastructure, teaching management and evaluation system are the five key influencing factors.
 
Keywords: ICT, digital literacy education, university students, activity theory, DEMATEL
Andrzeja J. Norasa badania nad neokantyzmem
Authors: Trochimska-Kubacka Beata
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the scholarly profile and scientific accomplishments of Andrzej J. Noras, a distinguished philosopher and historian of philosophy. Noras was an indisputable authority in the area of Neo-Kantianism philosophy. He was particularly interested in the issue of the periodisation of history of philosophy, the issues of philosophical systems, the relation between philosophy and psychology, as well as the question of the method of history of philosophy. Outlining Noras’s contribution of to the interpretation of the neo-Kantian philosophy, the paper includes also an overview of his major works, Historia neokantyzmu [History of Neo-Kantianism] and Kłopoty filozofii [Problems of Philosophy].
Jedno dzieło sztuki, wiele interpretacji
Authors: Martin Piotr
Published: December 2021

In the article, the author tries to present what the specificity of the issue should consist of – the One and the Many in the aspect of the philosophy of art. For this purpose, he refers to the thought of H-G. Gadamer and Th. W. Adorno, showing the specificity of the existence of artistic objects and the necessity of the emergence of separate interpretations inscribed in it, which, however, have their source in the possibilitiesoffered by a work of art, and are not an external application of content, with a completely separate specificity of existence. When adapting philosophical content, he tries not to forget about the exemplification coming straight from the world of art.
Philosophy, revelation and politics: The recovery of medieval Islamic political philosophy
Authors: Günsoy Funda
Published: December 2021

In contemporary philosophical thought, Leo Strauss is associated with the rediscovery of ancient political philosophy against modern political philosophy. The rediscovery of ancient political philosophy is the rediscovery of classical rationalism or “moderate Enlightenment” against modern rationalism or “radical Enlightenment” and can be understood as recapturing the “the question of man’s right life” and “the question of the right order of society”. This article would like to show that it was his study of medieval Islamic and Jewish texts that enabled Strauss to rediscover the classical rationalism. Also, in this article we would like to argue that although the opposition between Athens and Jerusalem, Reason and Revelation embodies two irreconcilable alternatives or a way of life in his thought, this opposition should be only examined with references to claims about radical rationalism of modern philosophy. In this case, we would like to argue that there can be seen a commonality between these “opponents”, i.e., Athens and Jerusalem, Reason and Revelation in terms of both their attitudes towards morality and their approaches to the relationship between philosophy and society.
Fernando Savater: philosopher-activist
Authors: Gheorghe Kamila
Published: December 2021

The article concerns the life and work of the most important contemporary Spanish philosophers, Fernando Savater. It focuses on describing his activism and the reasons which led him to participate in the public life. The author also analyses the thinker’s two major concerns, which are anti-nationalism and the defence of democtratic values. The investigation shows that Savater’s view on the two issues is strictly related to his biography and the socio-political changes experienced by Spanish people in the last fifty years. The solutions the philosopher presents for his compatriots are parallel to his proposals of shifts in the politics of the whole European Union.
Sztuka zwierząt i „paradygmat siatkówkowy” — czym nie jest estetyka ewolucyjna
Authors: Luty Jerzy
Published: December 2021

In the article I defend some of the thesis presented in my book ‘Art as Adaptation: Universalism in Evolutionary Aesthetics’ (Sztuka jako adaptacja: uniwersalizm w estetyce ewolucyjnej) (2018) against the claims of my critics. I focus especialy on some misreadings regarding the explanatory power of evolutionary science. I try to show that even though evolutionarily informed aesthetics is not a handy tool for analyzing the intrinsically diverse currents of modern and neo-avant-garde art, it does an excellent job of explaining the mental tendencies and typical behaviors behind these practices. I also focus on the artistic abilities of animals and the problematic dominance of the visuality paradigm in the evolutionary approach, topics that are unjustifiably considered to be most momentous in evolutionary aesthetics.
Świat sztuki i czas ewolucyjny — dlaczego estetyka współczesna boi się unaukowienia
Authors: Luty Jerzy
Published: December 2021

The criticisms I address in this article provoke questions about the very nature of aesthetic discourse and its relation to scientific approach in art theory. In the article, I try to respond to the author who criticizes me (and evolutionary aesthetics) for disliking avant-garde art and, worse, contemporary aesthetics. I also try to explain that I am not a biological determinist, that I do not consider art an evolutionary adaptation, that I do not practice reductionism, and that I know how evolutionary mechanisms work. I also describe the reasons why the contemporary aesthetics, which the critic represents, is afraid of being scientific, and what this has to do with the need for prestige and belonging to the art world.
Diminutivos em -j nas línguas Jê Setentrionais
Authors: Nikulin Andrey
Published: December 2021

Este artigo objetiva analisar o afixo derivacional -j, ainda não descrito na literatura, que está presente na construção morfológica de alguns lexemas das línguas Jê Setentrionais. São examinados 17 conjuntos de cognatos em que algumas línguas apresentam -j no final da raiz, ao passo que outras línguas carecem de qualquer contraparte desse segmento. Constata-se que as ocorrências do elemento -j “não etimológico” são mais frequentes em derivações diminutivas, sendo provável que se trate de um afixo de baixa produtividade. Assim, apresento a hipótese de que o elemento *-j do Proto-Jê Setentrional tenha tido originalmente a função de um sufixo diminutivo, embora em alguns casos seu status morfológico possa ter se tornado opaco. É proposto, ainda, que o morfema em questão tenha entrado na protolíngua via empréstimo das línguas Tupi-Guarani.
Gramsci
Authors: Costa Aurea de Carvalho
Published: December 2021

O artigo resulta de pesquisa empreendida para aprofundamento de estudos sobre a proposta de educação escolar de Antônio Gramsci como alternativa à escola capitalista em crise e tem o objetivo didático de contribuir para a compreensão das principais categorias educacionais gramscianas, explorando suas teorizações em conexão com o contexto em que ele as empreendeu, desde sua militância juvenil. Demonstramos que o desenvolvimento dos conceitos de educação omnilateral, intelectuais tradicionais e orgânicos, escola imediatamente interesseira, desinteressada e unitária, conhecimento enciclopédico e educação humanista e “humanista”, essenciais para a construção do programa educacional socialista, foram temas permanentes durante sua trajetória, desde seus escritos pré-carcerários.
Ditadura militar, memória, história pública e vídeos disponíveis na internet
Authors: Santana Elis Saraiva , Magalhães Lívia Diana Rocha
Published: December 2021

Apresentamos, neste texto, resultados da pesquisa que realizamos sobre o documentário “1964 - O Brasil entre armas e livros” (BRASIL PARALELO, 2019) e o episódio “Ditadura à brasileira”, da série “Guia Politicamente Incorreto” (THE HISTORY CHANNEL BRASIL, 2017), além de comentários de usuários(as) do Youtube a respeito desses vídeos. Tomamos como base contribuições teóricas do campo de estudos da memória social e da chamada história pública, ressaltando o papel da internet na produção, na difusão e na recuperação de narrativas sobre a ditadura militar no Brasil que se contrapõem à historiografia crítica e ao ensino de história. Discutimos, de forma aproximada, como produções de tal natureza se apropriam de recursos midiáticos e de interesses de uma história para consumo público, visando produzir ou legitimar narrativas que despertam memórias individuais-coletivas que se baseiam em quadros sociais de vivências legitimadoras da ditadura e de seus usos ideológicos, educativos.
Caracterização do consumo alimentar e estado nutricional de feirantes do município de Dourados - Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Narciso Valéria dos Reis , Saturnino Caroline Momente Martins , Moreira Naiara Ferraz , Luz Verônica Gronau
Published: December 2021

As feiras livres são consideradas o ambiente ideal para obtenção de alimentos saudáveis de qualidade, e os feirantes, por apresentarem acesso a estes alimentos, poderiam consumir satisfatoriamente alimentos in natura. O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar os feirantes no município de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil quanto às questões sociodemográficas e econômicas, o estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar. Foi aplicado questionário para obtenção das informações sociodemográficas, econômicas e de consumo alimentar. O estado nutricional foi aferido para cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura e Dobra Cutânea Tricipital (DCT). A comparação entre proporções foi realizada por meio da adoção do teste de Qui-quadrado e teste exato de Fisher (valor de p≤0,05 foi considerado significativo). Foram entrevistadas 74 pessoas, desse total 16 eram feirantes orgânicos e 58 convencionais, 56,8% eram produtores, 12,2% produtores/atravessadores, 64,8% foram classificados com excesso de peso pelo IMC, sendo a obesidade mais prevalentes em mulheres a obesidade (p≤0,05), 58,8% apresentaram risco para doenças cardiovasculares (medida pela circunferência da cintura) e a maioria apresentou obesidade pela medida da DCT. Quanto ao consumo alimentar, os alimentos saudáveis foram mais consumidos diariamente do que os não saudáveis. Os resultados demonstraram elevada prevalência de excesso de peso e, embora o consumo de alimentos marcadores de alimentação saudável pelos feirantes tenha sido elevado, o consumo de alimentos não saudáveis foi acima do esperado.
Promise of AI in Defi, A Literary Analysis
Authors: Sadman Nafiz , Rahman Abdur , Gupta Kishor Datta
Published: December 2021

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is an emerging and revolutionizing field with notable uncertainties of reliability to be used on a mass scale. On the other hand, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has proved to be a crucial helping tool in numerous domains. In this study, we present a systematic review of the utility of AI in Defi in terms of impact, reliability, and security and conduct exhaustive analysis. We further conclude from our extensive literature review that we can identify possible new research opportunities in AI to bridge the gap of trust between peers and make the integration of DeFi more agile in the near future.
Taming Hyperchaos with ESDDFD Discretization of a Conformable Fractional Derivative Financial System with Market Confidence and Ethics Risk
Authors: Gibson Gregory , Clemence-Mkhope Dominic
Published: December 2021

Four discrete models using the exact spectral derivative discretization finite difference (ESDDFD) method are proposed for a chaotic five-dimensional, conformable fractional derivative financial system incorporating ethics and market confidence. Since the system considered was recently studied using the conformable Euler finite difference (CEFD) method and found to be hyperchaotic, and the CEFD method was recently shown to be valid only at fractional index , the source of the hyperchaos is in question. Through numerical experiments, illustration is presented that the hyperchaos previously detected is in part an artifact of the CEFD method as it is absent from the ESDDFD models.
Multi-Model Medical Image Segmentation Using Multi-Stage Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Khaled Afifa , Han Jian-Jun
Published: December 2021

Image segmentation is a new challenge prob- lem in medical application. The use of medical imaging has become an integral part of research, as it allows us to see inside the human body without surgical intervention. Many researcher have studied brain segmentation. One stage method is used to segment the brain tissues. In this paper, we proposed the multi-stage generative ad- versarial network to solve the problem of information loss in the one-stage. We utilize the coarse-to-fine to improve brain segmentation using multi-stage generative adversar- ial networks (GAN). In the first stage, our model generated a coarse outline for (i) background and (ii) brain tissues. Then, in the second stage, the model generated outline for (i) white matter (WM), (ii) gray matter (GM) and (iii) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A good result can be achieved by fusing the coarse outline and refine outline. We conclude that our model is more efficient and accu- rate in practice for both infant and adult brain segmenta- tion. Moreover, we observe that multi-stage model is faster than prior models. To be more specific, the main goal of multi-stage model is to see the performance of the model in a few shot learning case where a few labeled data are available. For medical image, this proposed model can work in a wide range of image segmentation where the convolution neural networks and one-stage methods have failed.
The Influence of Low-Temperature Food Waste Biochars on Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste
Authors: Świechowski Kacper , Białowiec Andrzej , Matyjewicz Bartosz , Telega Paweł
Published: December 2021

The proof-of-the-concept of application of low-temperature food waste biochars for the anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste (the same substrate) was tested. The concept assumes that residual heat from biogas utilization may be reused for biochar production. Four low-temperature biochars produced under two pyrolytic temperatures 300 °C and 400 °C and under atmospheric and 15 bars pressure with 60 minutes retention time were used. Additionally, the biochar produced during hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was tested. The work studied the effect of a low biochar dose (0.05 gBC x gTSsubstrate-1, or 0.65 gBC x L-1) on AD batch reactors’ performance. The biochemical methane potential test took 21 days and the process kinetics using the first-order model were determined. The results showed that biochars obtained under 400°C with atmospheric pressure and under HTC conditions improve methane yield by 3.6%. It has been revealed that thermochemical pressure influences the electrical conductivity of biochars. The biomethane was produced with a rate (k) of 0.24 d-1, and the most effective biochars increased the biodegradability of FW to 81% in comparison to variants without biochars (75%).
Comparative Residual Stress Evaluation in SLM 3D-printed Al-Si-Mg alloy (RS-300) Using the Contour Method, Hole Drilling Laser Speckle Interferometry, X-ray Diffraction and Xe pFIB-DIC Micro-ring-core Milling
Authors: Statnik Eugene S. , Uzun Fatih , Lipovskikh Svetlana A. , Eleonsky Sviatoslav I. , Pisarev Vladimir S. , Somov Pavel A. , Salimon Alexey I. , Malakhova Yuliya V. , Seferyan Aleksandr G. , Ryabov Dmitry K. , Korsunsky Alexander M.
Published: December 2021

SLM Additive Manufacturing has demonstrated great potential for aerospace applications when structural elements of individual design and/or complex shape need to be promptly supplied. 3D-printable AlSi10Mg (RS-300) alloy is widely used for the fabrication of different structures in aerospace industry. The importance of the evaluation of residual stresses that arise as a result of complex 3D-printing process thermal history is widely discussed in literature, but systematic assessment remains lacking for their magnitude, spatial distribution, and comparative analysis of different evaluation techniques. In this study we report the results of a systematic study of residual stresses in a 3D-printed double tower shaped samples using several approaches: the contour method, blind hole drilling laser speckle interferometry, X-ray diffraction, and Xe pFIB-DIC micro-ring-core milling analysis. We show that a high level of tensile and compressive residual stresses is inherited from SLM 3D-printing and retained for longer than 6 months. The stresses vary over a significant proportion of the material yield stress. All residual stress evaluation techniques considered returned comparable values of residual stresses even regardless of dramatically different dimensional scales from millimeters for the Contour Method down, laser speckle interferometry and XRD and down to small fractions of a mm (70 μm) for Xe pFIB-DIC ring-core drilling. The use of residual stress evaluation is discussed in the context of optimizing the printing strategy to enhance the mechanical performance and long-term durability.
The Presheaf of Conditional Expectations, a Bridge Between Probability and Intuitionistic Truth Value
Authors: Laedermann Jean-Pascal
Published: December 2021

Research for a theory of quantum gravity has recently led to the use of presheaf topos. Quantum uncertainty is linked to the truth values of intuitionistic logic. This paper proposes transposing this model into a classic probability context, that of conditional mathematical expectations. A simulation of Brownian motion is offered for illustrative purposes.
The Lack of Knowledge on the Microbiome of Golf Turfgrasses Impedes the Development of Successful Microbial Products
Authors: Stingl Uli , Choi Chang Jae , Dhillon Braham , Schiavon Marco
Published: December 2021

Golf courses have a significant environmental impact. High water demands and the intensive use of agricultural chemicals have been a concern for decades and are therefore in the focus of efforts to make golf courses more environmentally sustainable. Products based on modifying or using plant-associated microbiota are one of the fastest growing sectors in agriculture, but their application on turfgrasses on golf courses is so far negligible. In this review, we summarize the limited knowledge on microbiomes of golf turf ecosystems and show that the lack of holistic studies addressing structure and function of golf turf microbiomes, including their responses to intense turf management procedures, is currently the main bottleneck for development and improvement of reliable, well-functioning microbial products. We further highlight the endosphere of turfgrasses, which is easily accessible for microbial cultivation through constant mowing, as the most stable and protected micro-environment. Many grass species do possess endophytic bacteria and fungi that have shown to improve the plants’ resistance towards microbial pathogens and insect pests, and several products using endophyte-enhanced grass varieties are commercially successful. We anticipated that this trend would tee-off on golf courses, too, once a more comprehensive understanding of golf turf microbiomes is available.
Theoretical, Unified Derivation of Both the Integer Quantum Hall Effect and Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
Authors: Ishiguri Shinichi
Published: December 2021

In this paper, using the two integers that describe the stationary 2-dimensional wave and the charge quantization along with the balance between the Lorentz force and electrical force, we succeed in deriving the fractional quantum Hall effect and the integer quantum Hall effect; we find that the latter exists as a special case of the former. Moreover, using the derived expression describing the fractional quantum Hall effect, a relationship between the plateau in the resistivity of the sample and the applied magnetic field is obtained. The findings of this model agree well with experimental measurements. Because the two integers that describe the stationary 2-dimensional wave and the charge quantization along with the force balance have concrete physical meanings in this work, we could provide a clear picture of the origin of both the integer quantum Hall effect and the fractional quantum Hall effect.
Dynamic Patterns of Sex Chromosome Evolution in Neognath Birds: Many Independent Barriers to Recombination at the ATP5F1A Locus
Authors: Kimball Rebecca T. , Braun Edward L.
Published: December 2021

Avian sex chromosomes evolved after the divergence birds and crocodilians from their common ancestor, so they are much younger than the better-studied chromosomes of mammals. It has long been recognized that there may have been several stages to the evolution of avian sex chromosomes. For example, the CHD1 undergoes recombination in paleognaths but not neognaths. Genome assemblies have suggested there may be variation in the timing of barriers to recombination among Neognathae, but there remains little understanding of the extent of this variability. Here, we look at partial sequences of ATP5F1A, which is on the avian Z and W chromosomes. It is known that recombination of this gene has independently ceased in Galliformes, Anseriformes, and at least five neoavian orders, but whether there are other independent cessations of recombination among Neoaves is not understood. We used a combination of data extracted from published chromosomal-level genomes with data collected using PCR and cloning to identify Z and W copies in 22 orders. Our results suggest there may be at least 19 independent cessations of recombination within Neognathae, and 3 clades that may still be undergoing recombination (or have only recently ceased recombination). Analyses of ATP5F1A protein sequences revealed an increased amino acid substitution rate for W chromosome gametologs, suggesting relaxed purifying selection on the W chromosome. Supporting this hypothesis, we found that the increased substitution rate was particularly pronounced for buried residues, which are expected to be more strongly constrained by purifying selection. This highlights the dynamic nature of avian sex chromosomes, and that this level of variation among clades means they should be a good system to understand sex chromosome evolution.
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Coatings Reduce the Microbial Burden on Environmental Surfaces in Public Transportation - a Field Study in Buses
Authors: Kalb Larissa , Bäßler Pauline , Schneider-Brachert Wulf , Eckl Daniel Bernhard
Published: December 2021

Millions of people use public transportation daily worldwide and frequently touch surfaces, thereby producing a reservoir of microorganisms on surfaces increasing the risk of transmission. Constant occupation makes sufficient cleaning difficult to achieve. Thus, an autonomous, perma-nent antimicrobial coating (AMC) could keep down the microbial burden on such surfaces. A photodynamic AMC was applied to frequently touched surfaces in buses. The microbial burden (colony forming units, cfu) was determined weekly and compared to equivalent surfaces in buses without AMC (references). The microbial burden ranged from 0 – 209 cfu/cm² on references and from 0 – 54 cfu/cm² on AMC. The means were 13.4 ± 29.6 cfu/cm² on references and 4.5 ± 8.4 cfu/cm² on AMC (p<0.001). The difference of microbial burden on AMC and references was al-most constant throughout the study. Considering a hygiene benchmark of 5 cfu/cm², the data yield an absolute risk reduction of 22.6 % and a relative risk reduction of 50.7 %. In conclusion, photo-dynamic AMC kept down the microbial burden, reducing the risk of transmission of microor-ganisms. AMC permanently and autonomously contributes to hygienic conditions on surfaces in public transportation. Photodynamic AMC therefore are suitable for reducing the microbial load and closing hygiene gaps in public transportation.
Complex Numbers for Relativistic Operations
Authors: Kulyabov Dmitry S , Korolkova Anna V , Sevastianov Leonid A
Published: December 2021

When presenting special relativity, it is customary to single out the so-called paradoxes. One of these paradoxes is the formal occurrence of speeds exceeding the speed of light. An essential part of such paradoxes arises from the incompleteness of the relativistic calculus of velocities. In special relativity, the additive group is used for velocities. However, the use of only group operations imposes artificial restrictions on possible computations. Naive expansion to vector space is usually done by using non-relativistic operations. We propose to consider arithmetic operations in the special theory of relativity in the framework of the Cayley–Klein model for projective spaces. We show that such paradoxes do not arise in the framework of the proposed relativistic extension of algebraic operations.
When Antagonist Muscles at the Ankle Interfere with Maximal Voluntary Contraction under Isometric and Anisometric Conditions
Authors: Billot Maxime , Duclay Julien , Rigoard Philippe , David Romain , Martin Alain
Published: December 2021

Purpose: While resultant maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) is commonly used to assess muscular performance, the simultaneous activation of antagonist muscles could dramatically underestimate the strength of the agonist muscles. While quantification of antagonist torque has been performed in plantar- (PF) and dorsi-flexion (DF) joint in isometric conditions, it has yet to be determined in anisometric (concentric and eccentric) conditions. Methods: The experiment was performed in 9 participants through 2 sessions (reliability). The MVCs in DF and PF were measured in isometric, concentric and eccentric conditions (10°.s-1). Electromyographic (EMG) activities from the soleus, gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis, and tibialis anterior muscles were simultaneously recorded. The EMG biofeedback method was used to quantify antagonist torque, where participants were asked to maintain a level of EMG activity, corresponding to antagonist EMG activity and related to the muscle contraction type, according to a visual EMG bio-feedback displayed on a screen. Results: Resultant torque significantly underestimated agonist torque in DF MVC (30-65%) and to a lesser extent in PF MVC (3%). Triceps surae antagonist torque was significantly modified with muscle contraction type, showing higher antagonist torque in isometric (29 Nm) than eccentric (23 Nm, p < 0.001) and concentric (14 Nm, p < 0.001) conditions and resulting in modification of the DF MVC torque-velocity shape. The difference between DF eccentric and concentric MVC was attenuated when considered agonist torque (12%) rather than resultant torque (45%). Conclusion: Estimation of the antagonist torque in isometric or anisometric condition brings new insights to assessment of muscular performance and could result in costly misinterpretation in strength training and/or rehabilitation programs.