bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on the effects of chemical preservatives on the quality of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) juice in Bangladesh
Authors: Sabina R , Miyan SH , Hoque MM
Published: February 2012

This study was carried out to assess the nutritive value of fresh strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) juice and to observe the effect of chemical preservatives on the acidity, ascorbic acid and total soluble solids (TSS) content of strawberry juice. Strawberry was being collected from the local farm of Sylhet city. The proximate composition of strawberry juice was found to have contents of moisture 89.64%, fat 0.48%, fiber 1.013%, ash 0.53%, Titrable acidity 1.02%, ascorbic acid 120 mg/100g, TSS 6%, and pH 3.7. To observe the effects of chemical preservatives the samples were treated with 30% sucrose, 0.2% sodium benzoate, 0.2% potassium sorbet, mixture of 30% sucrose and 0.2% sodium benzoate, mixture of 30% sucrose and 0.2% potassium sorbet, mixture of 30% sucrose, 0.2% sodium benzoate and 0.2% potassium sorbet. The study was conducted for 3 months; storage on refrigeration temperature and the content of acidity; ascorbic acid and TSS were assessing every 15th day’s interval. The result showed mixture of 30% sucrose, 0.2% sodium benzoate and 0.2% potassium sorbet gives retention to most of the nutrients during 3 months storage. The results showed that the ascorbic acid of the juice was found to be with minimum percentage decrease in sample T6 (6.93%) and maximum in T0 (64.69), on acidity of juice there was no such significant changes thus showing similar mean values in the samples, and TSS of juice recorded maximum mean value in T6 (33.5) and minimum mean value T0 (5.1) where maximum increase was observed in T0 (20%) and minimum in T5 (3.54). The results suggested that the effects of chemical preservatives have significant role in strawberry juice and its livelihood. The changes of ascorbic acid content of strawberry juice for T0 treatment significantly changes with T3 (p=.025), T4 (p=.029), T5 (p=.027), T6 (p=.001).The changes of acidity treated with different preservatives significantly changes with period of time but insignificantly changes with the treatment. The changes of TSS content of strawberry juice significantly changes with treatment. The homogeneous subsets are T0 T2 T4 and the subsets b contain T3, T1, T5 and T6 (p=o.ooo). Among all the treatments T6 were most effective in maintaining the nutritional quality during storage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i4.9736 IJNS 2011 1(4): 97-101
Time Domain Measures Of Heart Rate Variability In Heavy Workers
Authors: Mithun Sangita , Begum Noorzahan , Ferdousi Sultana , Begum Shelina , Ali Taskina
Published: February 2012

Background: Physical inactivity and low resting heart rate variability (HRV) are associated with increased incidence of coronary heart disease. Heavy physical activity is associated with higher heart rate variability and reduces the risk of coronary heart disease Objective: To assess some time domain measures of HRV in order to compare Cardiac Autonomic Function between sedentary and heavy workers. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University between 1st July 2008 to 30th June 2009 on 30 apparently healthy heavy workers aged 28-50 years from low socioeconomic condition (study group). For comparison 30 age, sex, BMI and socioeconomic status matched apparently healthy sedentary subjects (group A) were also studied. The study subjects were selected among rickshaw-pullers living in the slum areas nearby BSMMU, Dhaka and the controls were from fourth class employee of BSMMU, Dhaka. Heart Rate Variability were assessed by a Polygraph. Several time domain measures of HRV such as mean R-R interval, mean HR, SDNN, RMSSD were analyzed. For statistical analysis, Independent-Samples t-test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient tests were done as applicable. Results: Resting mean heart rate (P<0.01), SDNN (P<0.01) and RMSSD (P<0.001) were significantly lower but mean R-R interval (P<0.001) was significantly higher in heavy workers than those of sedentary control. The mean R-R interval (P<0.05) showed significant positive correlation in heavy workers but significant negative correlation in sedentary workers with BMI. Conclusion: Cardiac autonomic nerve function status may be higher with parasympathetic dominance by increased physical activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i2.9755 JBSP 2011 6(2): 77-83
Toxicity Of Fenvalerate On Larvae Of The Susceptible And Resistant Strains Of Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst)
Authors: Faruki Saiful Islam , Yeasmin Rogena , Das Dipali Rani
Published: February 2012

Five-day old larvae of the susceptible (FSS-II) and organophosphorus-resistant (PH-I) strains of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum were exposed under laboratory conditions to food treated with 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm of a synthetic pyrethroid Fenvalerate up to adult emergence. The larval mortality was assessed at 1-, 3-, 7- and 15-days post-exposure, and up to pupation. PH-I was found less susceptible to Fenvalerate than FSS-II which required 1.2 to 3.1 fold more insecticide to induce 50% mortality. The pyrethroid treatments significantly increased the larval and pupal periods (P<0⋅05) in both the strains and the formation of pupal and adult progenies was adversely affected (P<0⋅001). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v6i0.9717 JLES 2011 6: 27-31
Land Use Change Prediction In Dhaka City Using Gis Aided Markov Chain Modeling
Authors: Islam Md Shahidul , Ahmed Raquib
Published: February 2012

The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the land use change in Dhaka City based on the need and purpose to predict future scenario of Dhaka City. Dhaka being a mega city has been challenged by numerous difficulties like unplanned urbanization, traffic congestion, water logging etc. Land use classification and analysis is performed using a GIS and Remote sensing technique, and GIS aided ‘Markov Cellular Automata’ technique is used to model the land use change. Based on the past trend (from 1991 to 2008) of land use changes, the future land use map of Dhaka city for the year of 2020 and 2050 has been generated. And collected maps and images were sorted and classified for analysis and interpretation. Landsat TM image of 1991 and Google image of 2008 were employed in this study to produce land use classification based on Anderson modified version method. IDRISI, Land Change Modeler (LCM) was used to analyze the land use/cover changes between various classes during the period 1991-2008. It is assumed that this kind of research will contribute to shaping the urban form of the city in a planned manner. So, that Dhaka can be a much more livable and planned city in near future. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v6i0.9726 JLES 2011 6: 81-89
Impact Of Genotypes And Parity On Reproductive And Productive Attributes In Dairy Cattle Of Natore District, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam M Saiful , Kundu Susanta Kumar
Published: February 2012

Impact of genotypes and parity on some vital reproductive and productive attributes in the local (L×L, n = 100) and four crossbred cows (L×F, L×SL, L×JR and L×S; n = 318) raised in randomly selected smallholder dairy farms scattered all over Natore District and adjacent areas have been assessed during a period from September 2007 to June 2010. With regard to reproductive attributes, significant differences existed among the cattle genotypes (P<0.05) except for gestation length (GL) and age at weaning (AW). The lowest age at puberty (AP) was found for L×F (21.42±0.37 months), while the highest for L×L (31.67±0.74 months). In terms of productivity, L×F cows produced the highest daily milk yield (DMY; 6.22±0.13 L), coupled with the highest total lactation yield (TLY; 2163.43±47.77 L), while L×L produced the lowest values (1.49±0.04 L and 416.40±12.3 L, respectively) for the traits. The effect of parity on both reproductive and productive attributes showed that the middle-aged dairy cows of the 3rd and 4th parities performed better than the younger (1st and 2nd parities) or the older (5th and beyond) ones. Considering the overall performance, the L×F cows could be ranked as the best genotype followed by their L×SL, L×JR, L×S and L×L counterparts in the study area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v6i0.9727 JLES 2011 6: 91-96
A Study Of Dogmatism As Related To Intergeneration Gap And Gender Differences In Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Rasel , Kabir Balaka , Ara Shawkat
Published: February 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v6i0.9729 JLES 2011 6: 105-108 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v6i0.9729 JLES 2011 6: 105-108
Attitudinal Preferences For Socio-Cultural Practices In Chakma Tribe
Authors: Hossain Md Kamal
Published: February 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v6i0.9730 JLES 2011 6: 109-112
Factor H: A Complement Regulator in Health and Disease, and a Mediator of Cellular Interactions
Authors: Kopp Anne , Hebecker Mario , Svobodová Eliška , Józsi Mihály
Published: February 2012

Complement is an essential part of innate immunity as it participates in host defense against infections, disposal of cellular debris and apoptotic cells, inflammatory processes and modulation of adaptive immune responses. Several soluble and membrane-bound regulators protect the host from the potentially deleterious effects of uncontrolled and misdirected complement activation. Factor H is a major soluble regulator of the alternative complement pathway, but it can also bind to host cells and tissues, protecting them from complement attack. Interactions of factor H with various endogenous ligands, such as pentraxins, extracellular matrix proteins and DNA are important in limiting local complement-mediated inflammation. Impaired regulatory as well as ligand and cell recognition functions of factor H, caused by mutations or autoantibodies, are associated with the kidney diseases: atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and dense deposit disease and the eye disorder: age-related macular degeneration. In addition, factor H binds to receptors on host cells and is involved in adhesion, phagocytosis and modulation of cell activation. In this review we discuss current concepts on the physiological and pathophysiological roles of factor H in light of new data and recent developments in our understanding of the versatile roles of factor H as an inhibitor of complement activation and inflammation, as well as a mediator of cellular interactions. A detailed knowledge of the functions of factor H in health and disease is expected to unravel novel therapeutic intervention possibilities and to facilitate the development or improvement of therapies.
Mineral Contamination from Cemetery Soils: Case Study of Zandfontein Cemetery, South Africa
Authors: Jonker Cornelia , Olivier Jana
Published: February 2012

The burial of coffins may pose an environmental and health hazard since the metals that are used in coffin-making may corrode or degrade into harmful toxins. These may leach into the surrounding soils and groundwater. Very little research has been conducted world-wide on the mineral contamination potential of cemeteries, and virtually none in South Africa. The aim of the study is to determine whether burial practices affect the mineral content of soils in cemeteries. This was done by comparing the mineral concentrations of soils within the Zandfontein Cemetery in Tshwane (Gauteng, South Africa) to those off-site as well as those in zones with high burial loads with those zones with fewer burials. Twenty three soil samples were collected from various sites on- and off-site and analyzed for 31 minerals using ICP-AES. It was found that mineral concentrations of soils within the Zandfontein Cemetery were considerably higher than those off-site. Soil samples in multiple burials blocks also have elevated metal concentrations. These excess metals are probably of anthropogenic origin associated with burial practices and could pose an environmental and human health hazard. Strict monitoring of water quality in boreholes in the vicinity of the cemetery is recommended.
Mitochondrial Protection and Anti-aging Activity of Astragalus Polysaccharides and Their Potential Mechanism
Authors: Li Xing-Tai , Zhang Ya-Kui , Kuang Hai-Xue , Jin Feng-Xin , Liu De-Wen , Gao Ming-Bo , Liu Ze , Xin Xiao-Juan
Published: February 2012

The current study was performed to investigate mitochondrial protection and anti-aging activity of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) and the potential underlying mechanism. Lipid peroxidation of liver and brain mitochondria was induced by Fe2+–Vit C in vitro. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) colorimetry was used to measure the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Mouse liver mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) was induced by calcium overload in vitro and spectrophotometry was used to measure it. The scavenging activities of APS on superoxide anion (O2•－) and hydroxyl radical (•OH), which were produced by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)—N-Methylphenazonium methyl sulfate (PMS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)–Fe2+ system respectively, were measured by 4-nitrobluetetrazolium chloride (NBT) reduction and Fenton reaction colorimetry respectively. The Na2S2O3 titration method was used to measure the scavenging activities of APS on H2O2. APS could inhibit TBARS production, protect mitochondria from PT, and scavenge O2•－, •OH and H2O2 significantly in a concentration-dependent manner respectively. The back of the neck of mice was injected subcutaneously with D-galactose to induce aging at a dose of 100 mg/kg/d for seven weeks. Moreover, the activities of catalase (CAT), surperoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and anti-hydroxyl radical which were assayed by using commercial monitoring kits were increased significantly in vivo by APS. According to this research, APS protects mitochondria by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting mitochondrial PT and increasing the activities of antioxidases. Therefore, APS has the effect of promoting health.
A Web Service-Based Framework Model for People-Centric Sensing Applications Applied to Social Networking
Authors: Nunes David , Tran Thanh-Dien , Raposo Duarte , Pinto André , Gomes André , Silva Jorge Sá
Published: February 2012

As the Internet evolved, social networks (such as Facebook) have bloomed and brought together an astonishing number of users. Mashing up mobile phones and sensors with these social environments enables the creation of people-centric sensing systems which have great potential for expanding our current social networking usage. However, such systems also have many associated technical challenges, such as privacy concerns, activity detection mechanisms or intermittent connectivity, as well as limitations due to the heterogeneity of sensor nodes and networks. Considering the openness of the Web 2.0, good technical solutions for these cases consist of frameworks that expose sensing data and functionalities as common Web-Services. This paper presents our RESTful Web Service-based model for people-centric sensing frameworks, which uses sensors and mobile phones to detect users’ activities and locations, sharing this information amongst the user’s friends within a social networking site. We also present some screenshot results of our experimental prototype.
Signal Processing of MEMS Gyroscope Arrays to Improve Accuracy Using a 1st Order Markov for Rate Signal Modeling
Authors: Jiang Chengyu , Xue Liang , Chang Honglong , Yuan Guangmin , Yuan Weizheng
Published: February 2012

This paper presents a signal processing technique to improve angular rate accuracy of the gyroscope by combining the outputs of an array of MEMS gyroscope. A mathematical model for the accuracy improvement was described and a Kalman filter (KF) was designed to obtain optimal rate estimates. Especially, the rate signal was modeled by a first-order Markov process instead of a random walk to improve overall performance. The accuracy of the combined rate signal and affecting factors were analyzed using a steady-state covariance. A system comprising a six-gyroscope array was developed to test the presented KF. Experimental tests proved that the presented model was effective at improving the gyroscope accuracy. The experimental results indicated that six identical gyroscopes with an ARW noise of 6.2 °/√h and a bias drift of 54.14 °/h could be combined into a rate signal with an ARW noise of 1.8 °/√h and a bias drift of 16.3 °/h, while the estimated rate signal by the random walk model has an ARW noise of 2.4 °/√h and a bias drift of 20.6 °/h. It revealed that both models could improve the angular rate accuracy and have a similar performance in static condition. In dynamic condition, the test results showed that the first-order Markov process model could reduce the dynamic errors 20% more than the random walk model.
Emerging Viruses in the Felidae: Shifting Paradigms
Authors: O’Brien Stephen J. , Troyer Jennifer L. , Brown Meredith A. , Johnson Warren E. , Antunes Agostinho , Roelke Melody E. , Pecon-Slattery Jill
Published: February 2012

The domestic cat is afflicted with multiple viruses that serve as powerful models for human disease including cancers, SARS and HIV/AIDS. Cat viruses that cause these diseases have been studied for decades revealing detailed insight concerning transmission, virulence, origins and pathogenesis. Here we review recent genetic advances that have questioned traditional wisdom regarding the origins of virulent Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) diseases, the pathogenic potential of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) in wild non-domestic Felidae species, and the restriction of Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) mediated immune impairment to domestic cats rather than other Felidae species. The most recent interpretations indicate important new evolutionary conclusions implicating these deadly infectious agents in domestic and non-domestic felids.
Filovirus Entry: A Novelty in the Viral Fusion World
Authors: Hunt Catherine L. , Lennemann Nicholas J. , Maury Wendy
Published: February 2012

Ebolavirus (EBOV) and Marburgvirus (MARV) that compose the filovirus family of negative strand RNA viruses infect a broad range of mammalian cells. Recent studies indicate that cellular entry of this family of viruses requires a series of cellular protein interactions and molecular mechanisms, some of which are unique to filoviruses and others are commonly used by all viral glycoproteins. Details of this entry pathway are highlighted here. Virus entry into cells is initiated by the interaction of the viral glycoprotein1 subunit (GP1) with both adherence factors and one or more receptors on the surface of host cells. On epithelial cells, we recently demonstrated that TIM-1 serves as a receptor for this family of viruses, but the cell surface receptors in other cell types remain unidentified. Upon receptor binding, the virus is internalized into endosomes primarily via macropinocytosis, but perhaps by other mechanisms as well. Within the acidified endosome, the heavily glycosylated GP1 is cleaved to a smaller form by the low pH-dependent cellular proteases Cathepsin L and B, exposing residues in the receptor binding site (RBS). Details of the molecular events following cathepsin-dependent trimming of GP1 are currently incomplete; however, the processed GP1 specifically interacts with endosomal/lysosomal membranes that contain the Niemann Pick C1 (NPC1) protein and expression of NPC1 is required for productive infection, suggesting that GP/NPC1 interactions may be an important late step in the entry process. Additional events such as further GP1 processing and/or reducing events may also be required to generate a fusion-ready form of the glycoprotein. Once this has been achieved, sequences in the filovirus GP2 subunit mediate viral/cellular membrane fusion via mechanisms similar to those previously described for other enveloped viruses. This multi-step entry pathway highlights the complex and highly orchestrated path of internalization and fusion that appears unique for filoviruses.
Health Services Research Evaluation Principles
Authors: Crawford P. R. , Lehmann H. P. , Sockolow P. S.
Published: February 2012

Background: Our forthcoming national experiment in increased health information technology (HIT) adoption funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 will require a comprehensive approach to evaluating HIT. The quality of evaluation studies of HIT to date reveals a need for broader evaluation frameworks that limits the generalizability of findings and the depth of lessons learned.

Objective: Develop an informatics evaluation framework for health information technology (HIT) integrating components of health services research (HSR) evaluation and informatics evaluation to address identified shortcomings in available HIT evaluation frameworks.

Method: A systematic literature review updated and expanded the exhaustive review by Ammenwerth and deKeizer (AdK). From retained studies, criteria were elicited and organized into classes within a framework. The resulting Health Information Technology Research-based Evaluation Framework (HITREF) was used to guide clinician satisfaction survey construction, multi-dimensional analysis of data, and interpretation of findings in an evaluation of a vanguard community health care EHR.

Results: The updated review identified 128 electronic health record (EHR) evaluation studies and seven evaluation criteria not in AdK: EHR Selection/Development/Training; Patient Privacy Concerns; Unintended Consequences/ Benefits; Functionality; Patient Satisfaction with EHR; Barriers/Facilitators to Adoption; and Patient Satisfaction with Care. HITREF was used productively and was a complete evaluation framework which included all themes that emerged.

Conclusions: We can recommend to future EHR evaluators that they consider adding a complete, research-based HIT evaluation framework, such as HITREF, to their evaluation tools suite to monitor HIT challenges as the federal government strives to increase HIT adoption.
Fifty years of oxacalix[3]arenes: A review
Authors: Cottet Kevin , Marcos Paula M , Cragg Peter J
Published: February 2012

Hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arenes, commonly called oxacalix[3]arenes, were first reported in 1962. Since then, their chemistry has been expanded to include numerous derivatives and complexes. This review describes the syntheses of the parent compounds, their derivatives, and their complexation behaviour towards cations. Extraction data are presented, as are crystal structures of the macrocycles and their complexes with guest species. Applications in fields as diverse as ion selective electrode modifiers, fluorescence sensors, fullerene separations and biomimetic chemistry are described.
La spiritualité : facteur de résistance au pouvoir biomédical de soigner ?
Authors: Jobin Guy
Published: February 2012

Résumé La spiritualité est à la mode dans les milieux de soin nord-américains et anglo-saxons. En effet, depuis le début des années 1990, les revues et journaux spécialisés du monde biomédical publient des articles et reviews dont le thème est l’intégration des ressources religieuses et spirituelles aux soins prodigués aux patients. L’étude de G. Jobin tente d’élucider un enjeu qui est presque passé sous silence dans la littérature biomédicale, faisant la promotion de l’intégration des ressources spirituelles et religieuses dans le soin : l’instrumentalisation des ressources spirituelles et religieuses par la biomédecine. Dans une première étape, on décrit le contexte institutionnel qui a permis l’émergence de ce champ de recherche et de pratique. Une seconde étape est consacrée à la manière dont est présentée la spiritualité dans la littérature biomédicale. Enfin, une réflexion critique sur le phénomène, faisant appel aux travaux de Deleuze et Guattari sur le nomadisme, la migration et la sédentarisation, d’une part, et, d’autre part, à la tradition chrétienne de l’ascétique et de la mystique, propose quelques pistes pour comprendre la résistance qui se manifeste dans certains milieux cliniques à la tendance lourde de la biomédecine à réduire les ressources spirituelles et religieuses à une fonction clinique.
Du pain pour les chômeurs, des roses pour les enfants
Authors: Murard Lion , Zylberman Patrick
Published: February 2012

Résumé Layettes, crèches, pouponnières, écoles de plein air et colonies de vacances... il n’est pas de municipalité de banlieue qui, telle la Suresnes de Henri Sellier, ne se présente dans l’entre-deux-guerres comme la municipalité des enfants. Ce qui se conçoit, à l’heure où la Caisse d’Assurances Sociales de la Seine et Seine-et-Oise découvre que les enfants de chômeurs envoyés en cure d’air présentent pour plus de 40 % d’entre eux une déficience avérée. Au secours de la famille, le slogan des années 30 fait la raison d’être d’une médecine des populations puisée tant au référent soviétique qu’au Service social américain, à la Vienne rouge et à l’Allemagne social-démocrate.
Quand la médecine coloniale laisse des traces
Authors: Lachenal Guillaume
Published: February 2012

Résumé Le virus de l’hépatite C (VHC), un virus exclusivement transmis par le sang, est responsable d’épidémies sévères en Afrique centrale, où il touche principalement les personnes âgées. Des recherches récentes ont montré que celles-ci ont sans doute été infectées par des injections non stériles lors de campagnes médicales de masse à l’époque coloniale. En grande partie d’origine iatrogène, l’épidémie actuelle de VHC en Afrique centrale porte ainsi l’empreinte de l’histoire de la santé publique coloniale.
Quelle histoire de l'hôpital aux XX e et XXI e siècles ?
Authors: Chauveau Sophie
Published: February 2012

Résumé Plutôt que de s’inscrire dans la tradition de l’histoire des hôpitaux en France, il est proposé de considérer l’hôpital à la fois comme une institution et une organisation. Cette grille d’analyse permet de montrer que l’hôpital a conservé sa double fonction de lieu de soins et d’accueil malgré une structure administrative de plus en plus complexe. De plus, si l’hôpital est devenu le lieu d’élection d’une médecine de pointe, les transformations de l’économie et de la société au cours du XX e siècle ont obligé à concevoir de nouvelles règles de gestion des hôpitaux afin que celui-ci puisse continuer à offrir à tous des soins de qualité.
The Real World Is Becoming Clickable
Authors: DeSilets Lynore D.
Published: February 2012

Although QR codes are considered new, they are no longer just an emerging technology. QR codes will revolutionize the educational process.
Cellular and Molecular Requirements for Rejection of B16 Melanoma in the Setting of Regulatory T Cell Depletion and Homeostatic Proliferation
Authors: Kline Justin , Zhang Long , Battaglia Lauren , Cohen Kenneth S. , Gajewski Thomas F.
Published: February 2012

We have recently demonstrated that adoptive transfer of regulatory T cell-depleted polyclonal T cells into lymphopenic mice leads to rejection of B16 melanoma, which generated an opportunity to study host requirements for tumor rejection when it effectively occurred. CD8+ T cell priming and tumor rejection required tumor Ag cross-presentation, as evidenced by tumor outgrowth in Kb−/− bone marrow chimeric or B71/2−/− mice. CD4+ T cells were additionally required for optimal tumor control, although not through classical CD4 “help,” as the frequency of primed CD8+ T cells was similar in the absence of CD4+ T cells, and tumor rejection did not depend upon CD40–CD40L interactions or on IL-2 production by CD4+ T cells. Rather, CD4+ T cells appeared to act at the effector phase of tumor rejection and responded to B16-derived Ags in vitro. At the effector phase, IFN-γ production by transferred T cells, but not host cells, was necessary. IFN-γ acted either on host or tumor cells and was associated with reduced tumor vascularity. Finally, tumor rejection occurred after transfer of TNF-α, perforin, or FasL-deficient T cells. However, perforin/FasL double-knockout T cells failed to reject, arguing that the killing of B16 melanoma cells could occur either via the cytotoxic granule or Fas pathways. Collectively, these results support a model in which host tumor Ag cross-presentation primes adoptively transferred T cells, which remain functional in the setting of homeostatic proliferation and regulatory T cell depletion, and which promote tumor rejection via IFN-γ and lysis via cytotoxic granules and/or FasL.
Three Novel Acetylation Sites in the Foxp3 Transcription Factor Regulate the Suppressive Activity of Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Kwon Hye-Sook , Lim Hyung W. , Wu Jessica , Schnölzer Martina , Verdin Eric , Ott Melanie
Published: February 2012

The Foxp3 transcription factor is the master regulator of regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation and function. Its activity is regulated by reversible acetylation. Using mass spectrometry of immunoprecipitated proteins, we identify three novel acetylation sites in murine Foxp3 (K31, K262, and K267) and the corresponding sites in human FOXP3 proteins. Newly raised modification-specific Abs against acetylated K31 and K267 confirm acetylation of these residues in murine Tregs. Mutant Foxp3 proteins carrying arginine substitutions at the three acetylation sites (3KR) accumulate in T cells to higher levels than wild-type Foxp3 and exert better suppressive activity in coculture experiments. Acetylation and stability of wild-type, but not mutant, Foxp3 is enhanced when cells are treated with Ex-527, an inhibitor of the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1. Treatment with Ex-527 promotes Foxp3 expression during induced Treg differentiation, enhances Foxp3 levels in natural Tregs, and prevents loss of Foxp3 expression in adoptively transferred Tregs in mice. Our data identify SIRT1 as a negative regulator of Treg function via deacetylation of three novel target sites in Foxp3. SIRT1 inhibitors strengthen the suppressive activity of Tregs and may be useful in enhancing Treg-based therapeutic approaches to autoimmune diseases or graft rejections.
Selective Dependence of H2-M3–Restricted CD8 Responses on IL-15
Authors: Müller Jürgen R. , Waldmann Thomas A. , Dubois Sigrid
Published: February 2012

We studied whether CD8 T cell responses that are mediated by unconventional MHC class Ib molecules are IL-15 dependent in mice. CD8+ T cell responses to Listeria monocytogenes infection that are restricted by the MHC class Ib molecule H2-M3 decreased in the absence of IL-15, whereas other primary MHC class Ib- and MHC class Ia-restricted responses were IL-15 independent. This result was confirmed in MHC class Ia-deficient mice in which IL-15 deficiency also reduced H2-M3–restricted but not all CD8 T cell responses to L. monocytogenes. IL-15 deficiency did not affect proliferation or survival of responding H2-M3–restricted CD8+ T cells, but IL-15 was necessary to detect H2-M3–restricted CD8+ T cells in naive mice. This finding suggests that these CD8+ T cells require IL-15 during development, but become IL-15 independent after activation. IL-15 was necessary for the survival of most class Ib-restricted CD8+ T cells, starting at the mature thymocyte stage in naive mice, but does not affect a distinct CD44low/CD122low subpopulation. These data suggest that the nature of the selecting MHC class Ib molecule determines whether CD8+ T cells acquire IL-15 dependence during thymic development.
In Vitro Anti-Mycobacterial Activity of (E)-N´-(Monosubstituted-benzylidene) Isonicotinohydrazide Derivatives against Isoniazid-Resistant Strains
Authors: Coelho Tatiane S. , Cantos Jessica B. , Bispo Marcelle L.F. , Gonçalves Raoni S.B. , Lima Camilo H.S. , da Silva Pedro E.A. , De Souza Marcus
Published: February 2012

A series of twenty-three N-acylhydrazones derived from isoniazid (INH 1-23) have been evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against INH- susceptible strain of M. tuberculosis (RG500) and three INH-resistant clinical isolates (RG102, RG103 and RG113). In general, derivatives 4, 14, 15 and 16 (MIC=1.92, 1.96, 1.96 and 1.86 mM, respectively) showed relevant activities against RG500 strain, while the derivative 13 (MIC=0.98 mM) was more active than INH (MIC=1.14 mM). However, these derivatives were inactive against RGH102, which displays a mutation in the coding region of inhA. These results suggest that the activities of these compounds depend on the inhibition of this enzyme. However, the possibility of other mechanisms of action cannot be excluded, since compounds 2, 4, 6, 7, 12-17, 19, 21 and 23 showed good activities against katG-resistant strain RGH103, being more than 10-fold more active than INH.
The relationship between dynamic and operating capabilities as a stage-gate process: Insights from radical innovation
Authors: Newey Lance R , Verreynne Martie-Louise , Griffiths Andrew
Published: February 2012

Dynamic capabilities ‘create, extend or modify’ the firm's current operating capabilities in order to enable strategic renewal. Although widely recognized, this conceptualization of the relationship between dynamic and operating capabilities lacks empirical grounding. Using process research into the difficult radical new product development path of a new influenza drug, our data reveal that dynamic and operating capabilities have a stage-gate type relationship. We demonstrate that dynamic capabilities need to achieve certain critical outputs if successful transfer to the operating capability stage is to be reached. Furthermore progress from one stage to the next is dependent on how well dynamic capabilities co-specialize with downstream operating capabilities. This co-specialization is enabled via three processes within a dynamic capability: value network knowledge generation, value schema development and value proposition development.
The effects of virtual space on learning: A literature review
Authors: Sköld Olle
Published: February 2012

This paper examines how the effects of virtual space on learning have been elucidated in recent research with the aim of providing both a comprehensive picture of the current state of research and interesting avenues for future projects. Drawing on a multidisciplinary review, it identifies five key themes that together constitute research in virtual space and learning: analogies between the study of physical space and learning; socio-cultural constructivist perspectives; practical and theoretical pedagogy; architecture; and, aesthetics. Current research on how virtual space affects learning is fragmented, albeit rich. The pivotal challenge for the future is to establish a research infrastructure that can harness the richness of already existing studies, while simultaneously serving to drive, focus, and interconnect future research efforts.
Aggregated trustworthiness: Redefining online credibility through social validation
Authors: Jessen Johan , Jørgensen Anker Helms
Published: February 2012

This article investigates the impact of social dynamics on online credibility. Empirical studies by Pettingill (2006) and Hargittai, et al. (2010) suggest that social validation and online trustees play increasingly important roles when evaluating credibility online. This dynamic puts pressure on the dominant theory of online credibility presented by Fogg and Tseng (1999). To remedy this problem we present a new theory we call “aggregated trustworthiness” based on social dynamics and online navigational practices.
A Set of Geometric Features for Neural Network-Based Textile Defect Classification
Authors: Habib Md. Tarek , Rokonuzzaman M.
Published: February 2012

A significant attention of researchers has been drawn by automated textile inspection systems in order to replace manual inspection, which is time consuming and not accurate enough. Automated textile inspection systems mainly involve two challenging problems, one of which is defect classification. The amount of research done to solve the defect classification problem is inadequate. Scene analysis and feature selection play a very important role in the classification process. Inadequate scene analysis results in an inappropriate set of features. Selection of an inappropriate feature set increases the complexities of the subsequent steps and makes the classification task harder. By taking into account this observation, we present a possibly appropriate set of geometric features in order to address the problem of neural network-based textile defect classification. We justify the features from the point of view of discriminatory quality and feature extraction difficulty. We conduct some experiments in order to show the utility of the features. Our proposed feature set has obtained classification accuracy of more than 98%, which appears to be better than reported results to date.
The Use of Student-Directed Instruction by Middle School Band Teachers
Authors: Bazan Dale
Published: February 2012

The purpose of this study was to describe the teaching and learning strategies demonstrated by middle school band teachers who reported a student-directed teaching style. This study used a twostage mixed methods design prioritizing quantitative data analysis, but also collecting qualitative data in the second stage to provide a deeper perspective. In the first stage, quantitative data were gathered using a researcher-designed demographic questionnaire and Gumm's Music Teaching Style Inventory (MTSI) (2004b). From a sample of 122 middle school band teachers, 49 surveys were returned (40.2%). Stage 1 data were analyzed to determine participant teaching styles and examine relationships and differences among selected demographics and MTSI scores. In the second stage, three of the most student-directed band teachers were observed and videotaped during five rehearsals each and interviewed. Videotapes, fieldnotes, and interviews provided insight into student-directed philosophies of band teachers and teaching strategies used in band programs.
A Content Analysis of Introductory Courses in Music Education at NASM-Accredited Colleges and Universities
Authors: Mishra Jennifer , Day Kiana , Littles Dan , Vandewalker Eddie
Published: February 2012

The purpose of this research was to investigate the published course descriptions of introductory courses in music education at the university level. Course requirements for music education degrees were collected from 59 randomly selected, nationally accredited schools of music. Introductory courses in music education were required by 28 (47%) institutions while 25 (42%) required a more general introductory course in education with four institutions requiring both. Six (10%) of the institutions did not require a course identifiable as an introductory course. A content analysis of published course descriptions revealed three overall themes in course content: the Music Education Profession, Curriculum and Instruction, and the Music Teacher; however, there was much variability in content necessitating a fourth miscellaneous category. Education course descriptions showed similar overall themes; however, differences emerged in the type of content included within each theme.
Scalp Free Flap Reconstruction Using Anterolateral Thigh Flap Pedicle for Interposition Artery and Vein Grafts
Authors: Park Jun Hyung , Min Kyung Hee , Eun Suk Chan , Lee Jong Hoon , Hong Sung Hee , Kim Chin Whan
Published: February 2012

We experienced satisfactory outcomes by synchronously transplanting an artery and vein using an anterolateral thigh flap pedicle between the vascular pedicle and recipient vessel of a flap for scalp reconstruction. A 45-year-old man developed a subdural hemorrhage due to a fall injury. In this patient, the right temporal cranium was missing and the patient had 4×3 cm and 6×5 cm scalp defects. We planned a scalp reconstruction using a latissimus dorsi free flap. Intraoperatively, there was a severe injury to the right superficial temporal vessel because of previous neurosurgical operations. A 15 cm long pedicle defect was needed to reach the recipient facial vessels. For the vascular graft, the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and two venae comitantes were harvested.

The flap survived well and the skin graft was successful with no notable complications. When an interposition graft is needed in the reconstruction of the head and neck region for which mobility is mandatory to a greater extent, a sufficient length of graft from an anterolateral flap pedicle could easily be harvested. Thus, this could contribute to not only resolving the disadvantages of a venous graft but also to successfully performing a vascular anastomosis.
Hand Hygiene Education Components Among First-Year Nursing Students
Authors: Chen Jing , Yang Lin , Mak Yim-Wah , O’Donoghue Margaret , Shi Chen , Tsang Hilda , Lu Shuya , Zou Jing , Qin Jing , Xie Yao Jie , Lai Timothy , Li Chen , Cao Jiannong , Pittet Didier
Published: June 2024

Importance

Few studies have directly and objectively measured the individual and combined effects of multifaceted hand hygiene education programs.

Objective

To evaluate the individual and combined immediate effects of an instructional video and hand scan images on handwashing quality, decontamination, and knowledge improvement.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted in June to July 2023 among first-year nursing students at a university in Hong Kong. The study used an intention-to-treat analysis.

Intervention

Hand hygiene education sessions featuring an instructional video, hand scan images, or both.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the change in residue from fluorescent lotion remaining on participants’ hands after handwashing before and after the intervention. The secondary outcomes included handwashing quality and knowledge of hand hygiene.

Results

A total of 270 of 280 students (mean [SD] age, 19 [1] years; 182 [67.4%] female) participated in the trial (96.4% participation rate). Participants were randomized to a control group (66 participants), hand scan image group (68 participants), instructional video group (67 participants), and hand scan image with instructional video group (69 participants). All intervention groups had greater reductions in residue after the intervention compared with the control group, although none reached statistical significance (hand scan image group: 3.9 [95% CI, 2.0-5.8] percentage points; instructional video group: 4.8 [95% CI, 2.9-6.7] percentage points; hand scan image with instructional video: 3.5 [95% CI, 1.6-5.4] percentage points; control group: 3.2 [95% CI, 1.3-5.2] percentage points). The instructional video group showed a significant improvement in their handwashing performance, with a higher percentage of participants correctly performing all 7 steps compared with the control group (22.4% [95% CI, 13.1% to 31.6%] vs 1.5% [−7.9% to 10.9%]; P < .001). Hand scan images revealed that wrists, fingertips, and finger webs were the most commonly ignored areas in handwashing.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cluster randomized clinical trial of an education program for hand hygiene, a handwashing instructional video and hand scan images did not enhance the level of decontamination. The intervention group had improved handwashing techniques compared with the control group, a secondary outcome.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05872581
A Multifunctional Nanostructured Hydrogel as a Platform for Deciphering Niche Interactions of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
Authors: Ludwig‐Husemann Anita , Schertl Peter , Shrivastava Ananya , Geckle Udo , Hafner Johanna , Schaarschmidt Frank , Willenbacher Norbert , Freudenberg Uwe , Werner Carsten , Lee‐Thedieck Cornelia
Published: June 2024

For over half a century, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been used for transplantation therapy to treat severe hematologic diseases. Successful outcomes depend on collecting sufficient donor HSCs as well as ensuring efficient engraftment. These processes are influenced by dynamic interactions of HSCs with the bone marrow niche, which can be revealed by artificial niche models. Here, a multifunctional nanostructured hydrogel is presented as a 2D platform to investigate how the interdependencies of cytokine binding and nanopatterned adhesive ligands influence the behavior of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). The results indicate that the degree of HSPC polarization and motility, observed when cultured on gels presenting the chemokine SDF‐1α and a nanoscale‐defined density of a cellular (IDSP) or extracellular matrix (LDV) α4β1 integrin binding motif, are differently influenced on hydrogels functionalized with the different ligand types. Further, SDF‐1α promotes cell polarization but not motility. Strikingly, the degree of differentiation correlates negatively with the nanoparticle spacing, which determines ligand density, but only for the cellular‐derived IDSP motif. This mechanism potentially offers a means of predictably regulating early HSC fate decisions. Consequently, the innovative multifunctional hydrogel holds promise for deciphering dynamic HSPC‐niche interactions and refining transplantation therapy protocols.
A Universal Coulombic Efficiency Compensation Strategy for Zinc‐Based Flow Batteries
Authors: Huang Shiqiang , Li Mengxiao , Song Yuxi , Xi Shibo , Wu Chao , Ang Zhi Wei Javier , Wang Qing
Published: June 2024

Alkaline zinc‐iron flow batteries (AZIFBs) are well suited for energy storage because of their good safety, high cell voltage, and low cost. However, the occurrence of irreversible anodic parasitic reactions results in a diminished coulombic efficiency (CE), unbalanced charge state of catholyte/anolyte and subsequently, a poor cycling performance. Here, a universal CE compensation strategy centered around the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the cathodic side, is reported. This strategy aims to equalize the charge state of the [Fe(CN)6]3‐/4−‐based catholyte and counteract pH fluctuations. The OER process can be implemented either directly on the electrode through electrochemical reaction or in an external catalytic reactor column via a redox‐mediated process. This innovative approach effectively mitigates the gradual accumulation of [Fe(CN)6]3− in discharged catholyte and [Zn(OH)4]2− in charged anolyte by consuming the extra OH− during a continuous cycling process. As a result, AZIFBs demonstrate exceptional cycling performance with an extremely low capacity fading rate of 0.0128%/day (or 0.0005%/cycle) over 600 cycles at 80% state of charge (SOC). The proposed CE compensation strategy not only provides an effective way to address the CE loss issue for AZIFBs, but also can be applied to diverse battery technologies encountering CE loss caused by water/oxygen‐induced parasitic reactions.
Non‐Metal Sulfur Doping of Indium Hydroxide Nanocube for Selectively Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to CH4: A “One Stone Three Birds” Strategy
Authors: Guan Qinhui , Ran Weiguang , Zhang Dapeng , Li Wenjuan , Li Na , Huang Baibiao , Yan Tingjiang
Published: June 2024

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is considered as a promising strategy for CO2 utilization and producing renewable energy, however, it remains challenge in the improvement of photocatalytic performance for wide‐band‐gap photocatalyst with controllable product selectivity. Herein, the sulfur‐doped In(OH)3 (In(OH)xSy‐z) nanocubes are developed for selective photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CH4 under simulated light irradiation. The CH4 yield of the optimal In(OH)xSy‐1.0 can be enhanced up to 39 times and the CH4 selectivity can be regulated as high as 80.75% compared to that of pristine In(OH)3. The substitution of sulfur atoms for hydroxyl groups in In(OH)3 enhances the visible light absorption capability, and further improves the hydrophilicity behavior, which promotes the H2O dissociation into protons (H*) and accelerates the dynamic proton‐feeding CO2 hydrogenation. In situ DRIFTs and DFT calculation confirm that the non‐metal sulfur sites significantly weaken the over‐potential of the H2O oxidation and prevent the formation of ·OH radicals, enabling the stabilization of *CHO intermediates and thus facilitating CH4 production. This work highlights the promotion effect of the non‐metal doping engineering on wide‐band‐gap photocatalysts for tailoring the product selectivity in photocatalytic CO2 reduction.