bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges in understanding psychiatric disorders and developing therapeutics: a role for zebrafish
Authors: McCammon Jasmine M. , Sive Hazel
Published: June 2015

The treatment of psychiatric disorders presents three major challenges to the research and clinical community: defining a genotype associated with a disorder, characterizing the molecular pathology of each disorder and developing new therapies. This Review addresses how cellular and animal systems can help to meet these challenges, with an emphasis on the role of the zebrafish. Genetic changes account for a large proportion of psychiatric disorders and, as gene variants that predispose to psychiatric disease are beginning to be identified in patients, these are tractable for study in cellular and animal systems. Defining cellular and molecular criteria associated with each disorder will help to uncover causal physiological changes in patients and will lead to more objective diagnostic criteria. These criteria should also define co-morbid pathologies within the nervous system or in other organ systems. The definition of genotypes and of any associated pathophysiology is integral to the development of new therapies. Cell culture-based approaches can address these challenges by identifying cellular pathology and by high-throughput screening of gene variants and potential therapeutics. Whole-animal systems can define the broadest function of disorder-associated gene variants and the organismal impact of candidate medications. Given its evolutionary conservation with humans and its experimental tractability, the zebrafish offers several advantages to psychiatric disorder research. These include assays ranging from molecular to behavioural, and capability for chemical screening. There is optimism that the multiple approaches discussed here will link together effectively to provide new diagnostics and treatments for psychiatric patients.
ADrosophilamodel to investigate the neurotoxic side effects of radiation exposure
Authors: Sudmeier Lisa J. , Howard Steven P. , Ganetzky Barry
Published: June 2015

Children undergoing cranial radiation therapy (CRT) for pediatric central nervous system malignancies are at increased risk for neurological deficits later in life. We have developed a model of neurotoxic damage in adult Drosophila following irradiation during the juvenile stages with the goal of elucidating underlying neuropathological mechanisms and of ultimately identifying potential therapeutic targets. Wild-type third-instar larvae were irradiated with single doses of γ-radiation, and the percentage that survived to adulthood was determined. Motor function of surviving adults was examined with a climbing assay, and longevity was assessed by measuring lifespan. Neuronal cell death was assayed by using immunohistochemistry in adult brains. We also tested the sensitivity at different developmental stages by irradiating larvae at various time points. Irradiating late third-instar larvae at a dose of 20 Gy or higher impaired the motor activity of surviving adults. A dose of 40 Gy or higher resulted in a precipitous reduction in the percentage of larvae that survive to adulthood. A dose-dependent decrease in adult longevity was paralleled by a dose-dependent increase in activated Death caspase-1 (Dcp1) in adult brains. Survival to adulthood and adult lifespan were more severely impaired with decreasing larval age at the time of irradiation. Our initial survey of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel demonstrated that differences in genotype can confer phenotypic differences in radio-sensitivity for developmental survival and motor function. This work demonstrates the usefulness of Drosophila to model the toxic effects of radiation during development, and has the potential to unravel underlying mechanisms and to facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic interventions.
Effects of High Magnetic Fields on Thermal Convection Using Feeble Magnetic Conductive Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Wang Yan , Hirota Noriyuki , Okada Hidehiko , Sakka Yoshio
Published: June 2015

Effects of magnetic fields on thermal convection in conductive aqueous solutions at ambient temperatures have been studied through heat transport measurements. The suppression of thermal convection by a magnetic field in conductive paramagnetic aqueous solutions of copper nitrate was observed and confirmed as an effect of the Lorentz force by comparing with diamagnetic aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfate. The effect of the Lorentz force and magnetic force on the thermal convection in conductive fluids was separately evaluated by changing the magnetic field environment. The results obtained show that the behavior of liquid metals under magnetic field can be investigated by using electrolyte aqueous solutions combined with a superconducting magnet.
Stepwise Synthesis of Structurally Well-defined Porphyrin Wires Connected by Platinum Acetylides
Authors: Rana Shahed , Yamashita Ken-ichi , Akita Yasuhiro , Sugiura Ken-ichi
Published: June 2015

A series of structurally well-defined molecular wires were designed and synthesized. The wires consisted of metalloporphyrins connected by platinum acetylides. Stepwise synthesis afforded stable wires under ambient conditions, and the wires showed good solubility. The longest wire, 16-oligomer, measured 400 Å.
Reductive Transformation of CO2 with Hydrosilanes Catalyzed by Simple Fluoride and Carbonate Salts
Authors: Motokura Ken , Naijo Masaki , Yamaguchi Sho , Miyaji Akimitsu , Baba Toshihide
Published: June 2015

Hydrosilylation of CO2 catalyzed by simple fluoride and carbonate salts, such as CsF and K2CO3, is described. Total yields up to 87% for the formylated product were achieved. Mechanistic investigations indicate the reaction proceeds via the formation of an active formate species. This catalytic system was also found to be applicable to formamide synthesis from amines, CO2, and hydrosilane.
Difference in Cortical Activation According to the Speed of Passive Movements by a Rehabilitation Robotic Hand
Authors: Jang Sung Ho , Chang Pyung-Hun , Lee Seung-Hee , Park Ji-Hyuk , Lee Seung-Hyun , Jin Sang-Hyun , Lim Hyoung Won , Yeo Sang Seok
Published: June 2015

The optimal conditions for inducting the appropriate brain activation when rehabilitation robots are used should be clarified for the development of rehabilitation robots based on the concept of brain plasticity. In the current study, we attempted to investigate differences in cortical activation according to the speed of passive hand movements performed by a rehabilitation robotic hand. Nine normal subjects were recruited for this study. Passive movements of the right hand were performed by the rehabilitation robotic hand using three different speeds: 1 Hz (fast), 0.5 Hz (moderate) and 0.25 Hz (slow). We measured values of oxy-haemoglobin (HbO) in four regions of interest: the primary sensory–motor cortex (SM1), supplementary motor area (SMA), premotor cortex (PMC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). The HbO value in the left SM1 was significantly higher during movements performed at 0.5 Hz than during movements performed at 1 Hz and 0.25 Hz ( p < 0.05); in contrast, no significant differences were observed in the left SMA, PMC and PFC ( p > 0.05). The results of a group analysis of HbO showed a significant activation in the left SM1, SMA and PFC during movements performed at 0.5 Hz. By contrast, significantly less activation was observed in the left SM1 during movements performed at 1 Hz and 0.25 Hz. This study showed that movements performed at 0.5 Hz by a rehabilitation robotic hand induced the greatest cortical activation in the contralateral SM1. As a result, it appears that hand movements performed at a moderate speed by the rehabilitation robotic hand could induce the greatest cortical activation in the contralateral SM1.
An Improved KM Algorithm for Computing the Structural Index of DAE System
Authors: Zeng Yan , Wu Xuesong , Cao Jianwen
Published: June 2015

Modeling and simulation technology is widely used to design complex products in industry. The problem of solving DAEs(Differential Algebraic Equations) is a key part of modeling and simulation technology, and computing the structural index of DAEs correctly and efficiently is very important to solve DAEs. The traditional algebraic method to compute the structural index is very costly. In this paper, we firstly convert the problem of computing the structural index of DAEs into the maximum weighted matching problem of bipartite graph, reducing a mass of symbolic manipulations; and then, we present an improved KM algorithm(called as Greedy_KM in this paper) based on the properties of DAEs to solve this matching problem. In order to solve the matching problem efficiently, it firstly computes matches as much as possible using greedy strategy, and then call KM algorithm to search the matches for the unmatched vertices after the step of greedy strategy. This paper also gives a set of numerical experiments to evaluate the time performance of our method. The results show that the time performance of Greedy_KM algorithm is significantly improved compared with the traditional Gaussian elimination algorithm and classical KM algorithm.
Numerical Simulations of a Bubble Growth and Departure on the Horizontal Wall Using Thermal Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Wei Yikun , Feng Kongfang , Li Qifei
Published: June 2015

The process of bubble nucleation, growth and detachment are simulated using thermal lattice Boltzmann method. As the bubble grows to a certain size, it will eventually detach from an active nucleation site especially for the case of a pool boiling of a horizontal wall. Numerical results are compared qualitatively with the experimental results. A qualitative agreement is reached. It can also be concluded that the departure diameter decreases as the wall superheat decreases, while the growing time increases. It is has been ascertained that both growing time and departure diameter increase as gravity decreases.
Nexus Consultoria: atendendo a Clínica Gastromais
Authors: Macau Flávio
Published: June 2015

Após oito meses de trabalho, o resultado da consultoria é questionável. O que fazer: Demitir ou não o gerente responsável pelo projeto? Cobrar ou não a última parcela?
Service and ergonomics of a hotel or how to survive in a competitive market
Authors: Казакова Светлана , Kazakova Svetlana
Published: June 2015

This article describes service and ergonomics as a competitive advantages of the hotel. Currently, price competition goes by the wayside, while hotel guests pay more attention to the quality of service and design of the hotel. The materials of the article describe the conditions for the creation of high-quality service at the hotel: the participation of management, adequate funding, improving the quality of customer service, staff training, participation of all employees in the program of improving service, and also the article lists the qualities which, in the opinion of customers, should have the hotel staff.

Physical characteristics (design) of the hotel also play an important role in getting the customer experience of staying at the hotel. Tourism is developing rapidly, people are traveling more and more, and requirements for their service become stricter. And now the hotel owners are starting to come up with "flavors", using different design tools that can make them stand out among other hotels to meet the needs and interests of clients, which is fundamental to the definition of "service". The complexity of the interior design of hotels is that there is the need to create a beautiful and comfortable design for guests, but at the same time it should be functionally efficiency.

To solve such problems the science of ergonomics is suggested, which deals with fundamental aspects required in planning the design of a space, and therefore, is an integral part of quality service. The article describes the ergonomic requirements for the design environment of the hotel through anthropometric and color aspects, and also the author gives the definitions of "ergonomics", "service", "design", "anthropometry".
Developing common sense
Authors: Sullivan Karen
Published: June 2015

Do you teach your students ‘how’ to think? Karen Sullivan discusses some techniques for instilling common sense and critical-thinking skills
Closing the gender gap: STEM
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: June 2015

In the third and final part of his series on the gender gaps in educational outcomes, Matt Bromley asks why boys outperform girls in maths and science and looks at how we can close the gap
COCRIAÇÃO DE VALOR COM ALUNOS: UMA ANÁLISE DA INFLUÊNCIA SOCIAL E DO ENGAJAMENTO NA DISCIPLINA COMO ANTECEDENTES DE FEEDBACK DO ESTUDANTE
Authors: Grillo Tito Luciano Hermes , Nascimento Thays Martins do , Damacena Cláudio , Brasil Vinícius Sittoni
Published: June 2015

É natural que educadores de disciplinas vinculadas à área de gestão analisem e reflitam sobre os fenômenos da sala de aula baseada em perspectivas que permeiam essa área de conhecimento. Observa-se que educadores e pesquisadores interessados na temática de serviços têm interpretado a sala de aula como um ambiente de encontro de serviço altamente propício à cocriação de valor. O presente estudo procede com tal interpretação, buscando analisar antecedentes do comportamento proativo de fornecimento de feedback do aluno ao professor,
a fim de promover a melhoria da experiência nos encontros de aula no ensino superior. O estudo avalia, como antecedente direto de feedback, o engajamento na disciplina. Como antecedentes diretos de engajamento, são avaliados constructos oriundos da Teoria da Influência Social. Os resultados, analisados com técnicas de equações estruturais, apresentam relações positivas e com significância entre os constructos, mostrando que, no contexto de sala de aula, processos sociais afetam o relacionamento do estudante com a disciplina e que esse relacionamento propicia o comportamento de colaboração para a melhoria das aulas.
Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: Comparison of a Program with Infectious Diseases Pharmacist Support to a Program with a Geographic Pharmacist Staffing Model
Authors: Bessesen Mary T. , Ma Andrew , Clegg Daniel , Fugit Randolph V. , Pepe Anthony , Goetz Matthew Bidwell , Graber Christopher J.
Published: June 2015

Background

Stewardship of antimicrobial agents is an essential function of hospital pharmacies. The ideal pharmacist staffing model for antimicrobial stewardship programs is not known.

Objective

To inform staffing decisions for antimicrobial stewardship teams, we aimed to compare an antimicrobial stewardship program with a dedicated Infectious Diseases (ID) pharmacist (Dedicated ID Pharmacist Hospital) to a program relying on ward pharmacists for stewardship activities (Geographic Model Hospital).

Methods

We reviewed a randomly selected sample of 290 cases of inpatient parenteral antibiotic use. The electronic medical record was reviewed for compliance with indicators of appropriate antimicrobial stewardship.

Results

At the hospital staffed by a dedicated ID pharmacist, 96.8% of patients received initial antimicrobial therapy that adhered to local treatment guidelines compared to 87% of patients at the hospital that assigned antimicrobial stewardship duties to ward pharmacists ( P < .002). Therapy was modified within 24 hours of availability of laboratory data in 86.7% of cases at the Dedicated ID Pharmacist Hospital versus 72.6% of cases at the Geographic Model Hospital ( P < .03). When a patient's illness was determined not to be caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics were discontinued in 78.0% of cases at the Dedicated ID Pharmacist Hospital and in 33.3% of cases at the Geographic Model Hospital ( P < .0002).

Conclusion

An antimicrobial stewardship program with a dedicated ID pharmacist was associated with greater adherence to recommended antimicrobial therapy practices when compared to a stewardship program that relied on ward pharmacists.
Impact of a Cost Visibility Tool in the Electronic Medical Record on Antibiotic Prescribing in an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Fargo Kelly L. , Johnston Jessica , Stevenson Kurt B. , Deutscher Meredith , Reed Erica E.
Published: June 2015

Background

Studies evaluating the impact of passive cost visibility tools on antibiotic prescribing are lacking.

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the implementation of a passive antibiotic cost visibility tool would impact antibiotic prescribing and decrease antibiotic spending.

Methods

An efficiency and effectiveness initiative (EEI) was implemented in October 2012. To support the EEI, an antibiotic cost visibility tool was created in June 2013 displaying the relative cost of antibiotics. Using an observational study of interrupted time series design, 3 time frames were studied: pre EEI, post EEI, and post cost visibility tool implementation. The primary outcome was antibiotic cost per 1,000 patient days. Secondary outcomes included case mix index (CMI)-adjusted antibiotic cost per 1,000 patient days and utilization of the cost visibility tool.

Results

Initiation of the EEI was associated with a $4,675 decrease in antibiotic cost per 1,000 patient days ( P = .003), and costs continued to decrease in the months following EEI ( P = .009). After implementation of the cost visibility tool, costs remained stable ( P = .844). Despite CMI increasing over time, adjustment for CMI had no impact on the directionality or statistical significance of the results.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated a significant and sustained decrease in antibiotic cost per 1,000 patient days when focused medication cost reduction efforts were implemented, but passive cost visibility tool implementation was not associated with additional cost reduction. Antibiotic cost visibility tools may be of most benefit when prior medication cost reduction efforts are lacking or when an active intervention is incorporated.
Clinical and Financial Impact of Pharmacist Involvement in Discharge Medication Reconciliation at an Academic Medical Center: A Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Sebaaly Jamie , Parsons Laura Beth , Pilch Nicole A. (Weimert) , Bullington Wendy , Hayes Genevieve L. , Piasterling Heather
Published: June 2015

Background

Medication reconciliation is one of the more challenging aspects of inpatient care, and its accuracy is paramount to safe transitions of care. Studies have shown that pharmacists have a role in medication reconciliation through improving patient safety and avoiding costs associated with medication errors. The wide-scale use of pharmacists in this process has been limited by time constraints, cost, and lack of resources.

Objective

This study evaluates the impact of pharmacists in resolving medication errors, decreasing readmission rates, and reducing institutional costs during the discharge medication reconciliation process.

Methods

Pharmacists evaluated discharge medication reconciliation documentation for patients to determine its accuracy, the accuracy of the admission reconciliation documentation, and any potential issues unrelated to accuracy. Analysis of these data determined the time required for pharmacist involvement, the number of errors identified by pharmacists, the quality of pharmacist interventions, the cost avoidance for each error, and the overall impact on hospital readmission.

Results

During the 7-week study period, pharmacists performed 67 discharge medication reviews and identified 84 errors. Seventy-five percent were considered to be significant and 6% were considered to be serious. The 30-day readmission rate in the study cohort was 18% compared with 20% in the control group. Based on the clinical severity scale and pharmacist salaries, pharmacist interventions resulted in $42,300 in cost avoidance.

Conclusion

Pharmacists involved in this pilot discharge process identified and resolved significant errors on medication reconciliation orders that resulted in a financial benefit to the institution.
Comparison of Inpatient Glycemic Control with Insulin Vials versus Insulin Pens in General Medicine Patients
Authors: Home Juliann , Bond Kucha , Sarangarm Preeyaporn
Published: June 2015

Background

The Institute for Safe Medication Practices has recommended against routine use of insulin pen devices for inpatients, but the quality of inpatient glycemic control that is achieved with insulin pens versus insulin vials and syringes has not been compared.

Objective

To evaluate the quality of glycemic control achieved with insulin vials versus insulin pens in type 2 diabetic general medicine patients.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study compared glycemic control between 2 groups of patients on rapid-acting insulin protocols: those receiving insulin via patient-specific pen devices and those receiving insulin from patient-specific vials. Patients on a prespecified subacute care floor with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and at least 24 hours of glucose monitoring while on an insulin protocol with insulin lispro were included. Glycemic control was compared by area under the curve (AUC) estimations of average overall glucose and average glucose above, below, and within goal range (70–180 mg/dL). Percentages of time above, below, and within goal range were also compared.

Results

The mean ± SD AUC-estimated average glucose for pens was 160 ± 39 mg/dL compared to 158 ± 45 mg/dL for vials ( P = .752). The mean ± SD percentage time within goal range was 68.2% ± 28.1% in the pen group versus 69.4% ± 31.8% percent in the vial group ( P = .825). No statistically significant differences were detected between those receiving pens or vials for any outcome before and after adjusting for baseline differences and significant covariates.

Conclusion

Glycemic control did not differ based on insulin delivery system.
Stability of Glutamate-Aspartate Cardioplegia Additive Solution in Polyolefin IV Bags
Authors: Rush Steven D. , Kim Stephanie E. , Hughes Susan E. , Gilbert Justine M. , Ciancaglini Peter P. , Zhao Fang
Published: June 2015

Objective

Glutamate-aspartate cardioplegia additive solution (GACAS) is used to enhance myocardial preservation and left ventricular function during some cardiac surgeries. This study was designed to evaluate the stability of compounded GACAS stored in sterile polyolefin intravenous (IV) bags. The goal is to extend the default USP beyond-use date (BUD) and reduce unnecessary inventory waste.

Methods

GACAS was compounded and packaged in sterile polyolefin 250 mL IV bags. The concentration was 232 mM for each amino acid. The samples were stored under refrigeration (2°C-8°C) and analyzed at 0, 1, and 2 months. At each time point, the samples were evaluated by pH measurement and visual inspection for color, clarity, and particulates. The samples were also analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for potency and degradation products. Due to the lack of ultraviolet (UV) chromophores of glutamate and aspartate, the samples were derivatized by ortho-phthalaldehyde prior to HPLC analysis.

Results

The time zero samples of GACAS passed the physical, chemical, and microbiological tests. Over 2 months of storage, there was no significant change in pH or visual appearance for any of the stability samples. The HPLC results also indicated that the samples retained 101% to 103% of the label claim strengths for both amino acids.

Conclusion

The physical and chemical stability of extemporaneously prepared GACAS has been confirmed for up to 2 months in polyolefin IV bags stored under refrigeration. With proper sterile compounding practice and microbiology testing, the BUD of this product can be extended to 2 months.
Ceftolozane/Tazobactam
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Wageman Jesse , Baker Danial E. , Levien Terri L.
Published: June 2015

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available on-line. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. A drug class review is now published monthly with The Formulary Monograph Service. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The June 2015 monograph topics are ceftazidime-avibactam, isavuconazonium sulfate, panobinostat, levodopacarbidopa intestinal gel, and LCZ696. The Safety MUE is on ceftazidime-avibactam.
Health Information Technology Risks, Errors, External Threats, and Human Complacency
Authors: Felkey Bill G. , Fox Brent I.
Published: June 2015

It may seem that our position is one of unwavering support for all things health information technology (HIT). However, we like to believe that we are cautious and deliberate in our evaluation of HIT. This month, we explore some of the common overt and covert challenges to optimal use of HIT.
Patrimonio minero-industrial en Castilla-La Mancha: el área Almadén-Puertollano
Authors: Cañizares Ruiz María del Carmen
Published: June 2015

El sector suroccidental de Castilla-La Mancha, donde localizamos el área de Almadén- Puertollano, se ha caracterizado, tradicionalmente, por su riqueza minera (plomo, plata, cinc, mercurio, carbón o pizarras bituminosas) así como por las actividades industriales vinculadas a la transformación de los minerales. De estas actividades se derivan, en la actualidad, diversos elementos que componen un patrimonio minero-industrial de gran valor, formado, principalmente, por castilletes (metálicos y de mampostería) utilizados para la extracción del mineral así como por diversos restos de maquinaría (hornos, por ejemplo) y algunas edificaciones (salas de máquinas, etc.). La situación de abandono y escasa valoración a la que están sometidos son objeto de este artículo. En él se analizan las posibilidades de conservación-rehabilitación así como su rentabilización como recursos en una zona de economía desfavorecida, para finalizar haciendo referencia a las perspectivas de futuro y a su progresiva puesta en valor.
Factores de impulso en la configuración de un territorio innovador : la contribución del entorno al sistema productivo del calzado alicantino
Authors: Ponce Herrero Gabino , Martínez Puche Antonio
Published: June 2015

La innovación social va por delante de la innovación empresarial. Son las instituciones las que desarrollan las líneas de actuación más innovadoras. En general han sido gobiernos locales comprometidos los que han propiciado el mantenimiento y desarrollo ajustado del subsector. Las estrategias sectoriales se han sustentado en directrices globales, encaminadas a la ordenación y equipamiento del territorio, a la mejora del bienestar social y a la creación de empleo, apoyados en planes estratégicos y guiados por agencias de desarrollo local bien gestionadas.
La geografía y las distintas acepciones del espacio geográfico
Authors: Pillet Capdepón Félix
Published: June 2015

Con la incorporación de la geografía como ciencia social desde mediados del siglo XX, el estudio del espacio regional o concreto dio paso a distintas acepciones del espacio geográfico (abstracto, subjetivo y social) de la mano de diversos paradigmas, para concluir con el acercamiento de unas corrientes de pensamiento con otras, con un eclecticismo científico preocupado por el actual espacio local globalizado.
La explotación tradicional en la «Tierra de Pinares» segoviana
Authors: García Fernández Jesús
Published: June 2015

El «gran arenal de Castilla» se reduce en realidad al Este del interfluvio Adaja-Eresma: un «relieve aluvial invertido» (Ojos Albos-Olmedo). Se trata de una formación de recubrimiento de arenas de origen fluvio-eólico periglaciar con un modelado dunar. Constituye hoy un gran ecótopo de Pinus pinaster. Sin embargo, esta formación en época medieval no era monoespecífica: además de otros pinos se mezclaba con diversas especies y quercíneas. Su explotación como montes comunales con diversos recursos forestales, y de un modo abusivo, originó que en los siglos XIV y XV estuviesen muy deteriorados. El establecimiento de señoríos impuso una ordenación de sus aprovechamientos. Con ello, si como montes comunales fueron una ficción, sin embargo es lo que permitió su conservación, y la conversión en una formación monoespecífica y antropogénica.
Mar del Plata (Argentina): la ciudad balnearia de los porteños en el Atlántico suroccidental
Authors: Bouvet Yvanne , Desse René-Paul , Morell Patricia , Villar María del Carmen
Published: June 2015

Nacida a fines del siglo 19, Mar del Plata ha devenido —en el término de un siglo— en balneario por excelencia de Buenos Aires y de la Argentina en general. La cultura estival de la playa la ha hecho evolucionar desde un turismo elitista hacia un turismo de masas, impulsando el desarrollo de espacios y estructuras destinadas a alojamiento y ocio para cerca de 3 millones de personas cada año. Con un espacio urbano fuertemente segregativo y en expansión, el litoral está sometido a una fuerte presión antrópica, a una erosión contínua y a una degradación en la calidad de sus aguas. La crisis social, económica y política que atraviesa Argentina crea condiciones poco favorables para la actividad turística y ensombrece el futuro de Mar del Plata.
Modificación del entorno y proceso innovador de las empresas de servicios avanzados en Andalucía
Authors: Jordá Borrell Rosa
Published: June 2015

El objetivo de este artículo es el estudio del proceso innovador de las empresas/establecimientos de servicios avanzados (SA) localizados en Andalucía, centrándonos en la naturaleza de dicho proceso a fin de conocer sus características y en cómo puede incidir en la transformación del entorno. Para ello, diferenciamos a través de la realización de una tipología de comportamientos/regímenes empresariales (análisis factorial y cluster) las actividades innovadoras de los SA que más pueden influir en la elevación del nivel tecnológico andaluz, de las menores; ya que las primeras (I+D), si se generalizan pueden provocar cambios significativos en los demás sectores económicos. Y en segundo lugar, nos centramos en la interrelación existente entre el proceso innovador de los SA y los de difusión y aprendizaje tecnológico empresarial.
Capacidad de uso y sellado antropogénico del suelo en la franja litoral de la provincia de Castellón
Authors: Añó Vidal Carlos , Pascual Aguilar Juan Antonio , Sánchez Díaz Juan
Published: June 2015

Uno de los principales procesos de degradación del edafosistema en la Comunidad Valenciana es el sellado antropogénico producido por la urbanización, tanto residencial como comercial-industrial, y los sistemas de comunicaciones e infraestructuras. Proceso muy incidente en los llanos litorales, donde se localizan los suelos más fértiles de nuestro entorno, en la mayoría de sus expresiones provoca la pérdida irrecuperable del recurso edáfico. En este trabajo, basado en una metodología con Sistemas de Información Geográfica, se ha procedido al análisis de las tasas de sellado artificial y la capacidad de uso de los suelos en los municipios costeros de la provincia de Castellón. Los resultados muestran que el sellado artificial, en 1991, es particularmente acusado en la franja litoral, donde el 76% del territorio comprendido entre la línea de costa y la cota de 100 metros presenta muy elevada o elevada capacidad de uso, por tanto con unas características idóneas para implantar cualquier tipo de aprovechamiento agrario.
Diferenciación y delimitación municipal de los modelos turísticos en la provincia de Alicante
Authors: Díez Santo Daniel
Published: June 2015

El artículo trata de exponer una nueva metodología para la diferenciación y la delimitación territorial de los espacios turísticos litorales e interiores en la provincia de Alicante. Por la imposibilidad de establecer una clasificación simple basada únicamente en municipios de vocación turística litoral e interior. Se propone por la heterogeneidad del espacio de trabajo crear un tercer grupo formado por los municipios inmediatos al litoral, el cual a su vez, queda subdividido en municipios accesorios del litoral y municipios de ocupación ocasional surgidos como respuesta a la movilidad de los flujos turísticos litorales. La metodología empleada se basa en la creación de capas de información para la posterior superposición mediante la utilización de SIG. En este sentido, se ha tenido en cuenta la presencia de fachada marítima dentro de los términos municipales, el análisis de la promoción turística del interior en el espacio litoral, la estructura provincial de la oferta de alojamiento y la presencia y consolidación de los programas europeos para el desarrollo rural (PRODER 2 y LEADER +).
Los Centros de Interés Turístico Nacional y el despegue del turismo de masas en España
Authors: Galiana Martín Luis , Barrado Timón Diego
Published: June 2015

En los años cincuenta se define un sistema de planificación turístico territorial, aprobado definitivamente en los sesenta con la Ley de Centros y Zonas de Interés Turístico Nacional (CyZITN), que pretendía conectar las previsiones ligadas a la política económica y al desarrollo turístico con la ordenación del territorio. Se intentó un ambicioso modelo que desde el punto de vista técnico alcanzó un notable desarrollo, aunque fracasó en su vertiente político-legislativa quedando finalmente reducido a poco más que una figura destinada a amparar y promocionar asentamientos urbano-turísticos denominados Centros de Interés Turístico Nacional. Pero a pesar de ese relativo fracaso, estos Centros de Interés Turístico Nacional tuvieron una considerable importancia en algunos ámbitos regionales del litoral y en determinados modelos de desarrollo turístico, caso de la alta montaña y el esquí alpino.
Breve historia crítica y análisis comparativo de las políticas aplicadas en Europa a las áreas de montaña
Authors: Delgado Viñas Carmen
Published: June 2015

En Europa parece que existe una gran distancia entre las declaraciones teóricas, la normativa legal y las actuaciones prácticas en relación con las políticas aplicadas a las áreas de montaña. La intención última de este artículo es realizar el contraste entre unas y otras y, en definitiva, contribuir a la reflexión colectiva y al debate sobre la conveniencia de las realizaciones pasadas y la exigencia de hacer realidad con urgencia nuevas formas de intervención.
Microerosión inducida por los usuarios de las playas: el caso de Menorca (Islas Baleares)
Authors: Roig i Munar Francesc Xavier
Published: June 2015

A pesar de reconocerse la importancia de los efectos erosivos producidos por la frecuentación de las playas, existen pocas valoraciones cuantitativas de dichos procesos. El presente trabajo es una aportación a la cantidad de sedimento que se llevan involuntariamente los usuarios de las playas, adheridos en sus cuerpos y objetos. El estudio se ha realizado en 12 playas de Menorca (islas Baleares), todas ellas de diferente naturaleza, estado de conservación y diferente tipo de usuarios. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan las cantidades sedimentarias medias estimadas por cada una de las playas y el volumen total basado en los aforos de frecuentación estival. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan una media de 33,64 g por usuario.
Pax Russica: ambigüedad geopolítica de las tensiones y conflictos en el espacio de la antigua Unión Soviética
Authors: Marcu Silvia
Published: June 2015

Una de las herencias de los últimos años del comunismo en la Unión Soviética (URSS), para la nueva Rusia, consistió en los conflictos de naturaleza étnica o confesional que estallaron cuando la opresión política del régimen dejó de paralizar el espíritu nacional. Los mismos entraron en el diccionario geopolítico postsoviético bajo la denominación de tensiones permanentes y «conflictos congelados» — frozen conflicts; su análisis parte de la idea de que sus premisas están en el pasado, y que el régimen comunista los «congeló» a través del terror dispersado a la escala de la sociedad, sin conseguir alguna vez resolverlos. El artículo presenta el laberinto de las tensiones y de los conflictos generados por la mezcla de naciones, etnias, y por la intensa fragmentación vivida en el espacio postsoviético después de la caída de la URSS. La primera parte presenta los factores condicionantes que desencadenaron dichos conflictos y tensiones, mientras que la segunda y tercera parte intentan realizar una breve síntesis de los focos más importantes donde los mismos se produjeron. Las conclusiones apuntan sobre el papel de Rusia como potencia y su influencia en la región.
Rebound-Effekte bei privater Pkw-Nutzung: Versuch einer empirischen Annäherung
Authors: Becker Sophia
Published: June 2015

Autos mit einem geringen Spritverbrauch versprechen eine umweltfreundlichere Mobilität. Doch werden Effizienzgewinne nicht gleich wieder kompensiert, wenn die Menschen häufiger das Auto nutzen oder längere Strecken zurücklegen?
Nachhaltige Wissenschaft im Anthropozän
Authors: Jahn Thomas , Hummel Diana , Schramm Engelbert
Published: June 2015

Das Anthropozän ‐ das Zeitalter der Menschheit ‐ erfährt derzeit großes Interesse.Welche Konsequenzen hat die Idee von der Menschheit als einer geologischen Kraft für die Gestaltung einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung? Welche neuen Fragen ergeben sich für
eine nachhaltige Wissenschaft? Die Zeitdiagnose vom Anthropozän könnte das Verhältnis von Natur- und Sozialwissenschaften und von Gesellschaft und Wissenschaft verändern: Wissenschaft wird mehr denn je als kritische Instanz gefragt und transdisziplinär aufgestellt
sein müssen. Neue Formen der gesellschaftlichen Teilhabe am wissenschaftlichen Wissensprozess sind unerlässlich.
Studying Sustainable Change: From ABC to Practice
Authors: Borch Anita , Vittersø Gunnar , Stø Eivind
Published: June 2015

The Attitude-Behaviour-Choice (ABC) paradigm emphasizing the importance of individuals’ freedom of choice represents a dominant way of understanding the world and how the world is created that is routinely practised within all parts of society, including in social research on
environmental change. In effect, alternative views that presumably have a greater potential to change society in a more sustainable direction are being suppressed. To move society in a more sustainable direction, the influence of the ABC paradigm on current research has to be identified, dissolved,
and replaced by alternative approaches. The analysis is primarily based on social practice theories as formulated by Elisabeth Shove and colleagues, as well as on methodological experiences and observations made in a 2011 study of barriers to sustainable change in Europe.
Comparative study of Time Optimal Controller with PID Controller for a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
Authors: Sharma Ayush , Fikar Miroslav , Bakošová Monika
Published: June 2015

Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) is the productive part in different chemical and process industries, and hence there is a need to control this process at desired optimum conditions of temperature and concentration. This paper deals with modelling and constrained control of a CSTR that minimises the processing time. Modelling consisted in performing the mass and heat balances of the CSTR system. Different controllers (time optimal, PID) were then applied to this non-linear system and compared within the boundaries of the control input and states. A theoretical case study was solved numerically using the orthogonal collocations method and simulations, resulting in a comparison of different controllers.
Screening of carotenoid-producing Rhodotorula strains isolated from natural sources
Authors: Tkáčová Jana , Furdíková Katarína , Klempová Tatiana , Ďurčanská Katarína , Čertík Milan
Published: June 2015

Carotenoids represent large group of various natural pigments ensuring typical coloration of plants, microorganisms and several animals. It was confirmed by many studies, that consuming these biological active compounds has positive impact for human life. Therefore, they are applied in different industrial fields, such as pharmacy, cosmetic, food, and feed industry. Due to high demand for carotenoids we would like to discover new microorganisms overproducing carotenoids. We focused on yeasts of genus Rhodotorula sp. (forty isolates), that we screened according to growth and carotenoid production on Petri dishes and production media. After cultivation on Petri dishes we selected five strains (denoted as KF-4, KF-6, KF-24, KF-31, KF-104) with interesting pigment production and quick growth. The secondary screening on production media identified KF-104 as the best producer of carotenoid pigments with massive pigment accumulation (1.15 mg/g DCW) and yield (9.69 mg/L). The main carotenoid of KF-104 isolate was β-carotene (35.4 %) with the accumulation of 408.7 μg/g DCW and the yield of 3.4 mg/L. The rest were torularhodin, torulene and γ-carotene (62.7–79.0 %). Production of torularhodin in the cells was low (0.4 to 1.4 mg/L) as was its accumulation in cells (31.2–121.0 μg/g DCW). We continue the experimental analyses of these isolates in order understand differences in the content of individual pigments.
The Availability Of Automatic Identification System (AIS) Based On Latency Position Reports In The Gulf Of Gdansk
Authors: Jaskólski Krzysztof
Published: June 2015

The problem of determining geographic position considered only in terms of measurement error, seems to be solved on a global scale. In view of the above, from the nineties, the operational characteristics of radio-navigation systems are equally important. The integrated navigation system operate in a multi-sensor environment and it is important to determinate a temporal validity of data to make it usable in data fusion process. In the age of digital data processing, the requirements for continuity, availability, reliability and integrity information are already grown. This article analyses the problem of time stamp discrepancies of dynamic position reports. For this purpose, the statistical summary of Latency Position Reports has been presented. The navigation data recordings were conducted during 30 days of March 2014 from 19 vessels located in area of Gulf of Gdansk. On the base of Latency Position Reports it is possible to designate the availability of AIS system.
EGNOS Based APV Procedures Development Possibilities In The South-Eastern Part Of Poland
Authors: Kaleta Wojciech Z.
Published: June 2015

On 14th and 15th March 2011 for the first time approach with vertical guidance (APV-I) was conducted on Polish territory in Katowice, Kraków and Mielec. This was the milestone for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and Area Navigation (RNAV) use as a new instrument approach chance for NPA (Non-Precision Approach) and PA (Precision Approach) in Poland. The paper presents the experiment study of EGNOS SIS (Signal in Space) due to APV (Approach with Vertical Guidance) procedures development possibilities in the south-eastern part of Poland. Researches were conducted from January 2014 till June 2014 in three Polish cities: Warszawa, Kraków and Rzeszów. EGNOS as SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) in according with ICAO's Annex 10 has to meet restrictive requirements for three dimensional accuracy, system integrity, availability and continuity of SIS. Because of ECAC (European Civil Aviation Conference) states to EGNOS coverage in the eastern part of Europe, location of mention above stations, shows real usefulness for SIS tests and evaluation of the results [EUROCONTROL, 2008].
Pcl/Chitosan Blended Nanofibrous Tubes Made by Dual Syringe Electrospinning
Authors: Hild Martin , Fayez Al Rez Mohammed , Aibibu Dilbar , Toskas Georgios , Cheng Tong , Laourine Ezzedine , Cherif Chokri
Published: June 2015

3D tubular scaffolds made from Poly-(Ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/chitosan (CS) nanofibres are very promising candidate as vascular grafts in the field of tissue engineering. In this work, the fabrication of PCL/CS-blended nanofibrous tubes with small diameters by electrospinning from separate PCL and CS solutions is studied. The influence of different CS solutions (CS/polyethylene glycol (PEO)/glacial acetic acid (AcOH), CS/trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), CS/ AcOH) on fibre formation and producibility of nanofibrous tubes is investigated. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) is used to verify the presence of CS in the blended samples. Tensile testing and pore size measurements are done to underline the good prerequisites of the fabricated blended PCL/ CS nanofibrous tubes as potential scaffolds for vascular grafts. Tubes fabricated from the combination of PCL and CS dissolved in AcOH possesses properties, which are favourable for future cell culture studies.
Some new studies on intermolecular
interaction of C3-Ar complex
Authors: Zhao Aiqing , Wang Hongli , Zheng Rui
Published: June 2015

Theoretical studies of the intermolecular potential energy surfaces (PESs), the intermolecular vibrational states and the wavefunctions for the C3-Ar complex have been performed at the CCSD(T) level with four different basis sets,. Each PES can be characterized by two symmetrical T-shaped global minimum at ɵ = 75° and ɵ = 105°, a saddle point between them at ɵ = 90°, and two collinear saddle points at ɵ = 0° and ɵ = 180°. Moreover, we also calculated the intermolecular vibrational frequencies and the average structural parameters of the ground vibrational states for the C3-Ar complex. The vdw bending and stretching frequencies are calculated to be 8.682 and 34.511 cm-1, which are in agreement with the experimental results and a more accurate result was determined for the bending mode. Studies show that the larger the basis set is used, the more accurately the results are calculated.
A comparison of experimental results of soot production in laminar premixed flames
Authors: Caetano Nattan R. , Soares Diego , Nunes Roger P. , Pereira Fernando M. , Smith Schneider Paulo , Vielmo Horácio A. , van der Laan Flávio Tadeu
Published: June 2015

Soot emission has been the focus of numerous studies due to the numerous applications in industry, as well as the harmful effects caused to the environment. Thus, the purpose of this work is to analyze the soot formation in a flat flame burner using premixed compressed natural gas and air, where these quasi-adiabatic flames have one-dimensional characteristics. The measurements were performed applying the light extinction technique. The air/fuel equivalence ratiowas varied to assess the soot volume fractions for different flame configurations. Soot production along the flamewas also analyzed by measurements at different heights in relation to the burner surface. Results indicate that soot volume fraction increases with the equivalence ratio. The higher regions of the flamewere analyzed in order to map the soot distribution on these flames. The results are incorporated into the experimental database for measurement techniques calibration and for computational models validation of soot formation in methane premixed laminar flames, where the equivalence ratio ranging from 1.5 up to 8.