bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Electrophysiological Dissociation between Orbitofrontal Reality Filtering and Context Source Monitoring
Authors: Bouzerda-Wahlen Aurélie , Nahum Louis , Liverani Maria Chiara , Guggisberg Adrian G. , Schnider Armin
Published: July 2014

Memory influences behavior in multiple ways. One important aspect is to remember in what precise context in the past a piece of information was acquired (context source monitoring). Another important aspect is to sense whether an upcoming thought, composed of fragments of memories, refers to present reality and can be acted upon (orbitofrontal reality filtering). Whether these memory control processes share common underlying mechanisms is unknown. Failures of both have been held accountable for false memories, including confabulation. Electrophysiological and imaging studies suggest a dissociation but used very different paradigms. In this study, we juxtaposed the requirements of context source monitoring and reality filtering within a unique continuous recognition task, which healthy participants performed while high-resolution evoked potentials were recorded. The mechanisms dissociated both behaviorally and electrophysiologically: Reality filtering induced a frontal positivity, absence of a specific electrocortical configuration, and posterior medial orbitofrontal activity at 200–300 msec. Context source monitoring had no electrophysiological expression in this early period. It was slower and less accurate than reality filtering and induced a prolonged positive potential over frontal leads starting at 400 msec. The study demonstrates a hitherto unrecognized separation between orbitofrontal reality filtering and source monitoring. Whereas deficient orbitofrontal reality filtering is associated with reality confusion in thinking, the behavioral correlates of deficient source monitoring should be verified with controlled experimental exploration.
The Calendar in Pre-Islamic Mecca
Authors: Ioh Hideyuki
Published: July 2014

In pre-Islamic times, pilgrimages were made to sanctuaries in various regions of Arabia. Feasts connected with idolatry and annual fairs were held at convenient seasons of the year. To keep all these events in order, a lunisolar calendar was used, and the calendar adjuster of the Banū Kināna was charged with intercalation (nasīʾ). They inserted a leap month according to the same cycle as the Jewish calendar. Though it was exceptional, in emergency situations (e.g. the war of Fiǧār), they would postpone a sacred month, set to guarantee the safety of pilgrims. In the first decade of hiǧra calendar, in fact, three leap months were inserted immediately after ḏū l-ḥiǧǧa of 1/623, 3/625, and 6/628. On the occasion of the pilgrimage lead by Abū Bakr in 9/631, the leap month was not inserted, and in the following year at the Farewell Pilgrimage, Muḥammad formally abolished intercalation. The day that Muḥammad arrived in Medina was, if the account reported by Ibn Isḥāq is correct, 28th June 622, and the battle of Badr was 2 months earlier than in the standard correspondence.
Revision of the Holarctic genus Rhynchotalona Norman, 1903
(Anomopoda: Chydoridae)
Authors: SINEV ARTEM Y. , KOTOV ALEXEY A.
Published: July 2014

We revise the Holarctic genus Rhynchotalona Norman, 1903 (Anomopoda: Chydoridae). Palaearctic R. falcata (Sars, 1862) is redescribed, including morphology of thoracic limbs and gamogenetic stages. North American populations previously identified as R. falcata, revealed two new species of the genus. R. weiri sp. nov. differs from R. falcata in smaller size, much shorter rostrum, different shape of main head pore and different morphology of postabdomen in male and female. R. longisteta sp. nov. differs from R. falcata in long posterior setae of the valve postero-ventral portion. Both new species also differ from each other and from R. falcata in the morphology of thoracic limbs. Our data suggests that the Palaearctic R. falcata is absent in North America, confirming Frey's non-cosmopolitism paradigm for the Chydoridae. The genus diagnosis is emended, taking into consideration the newly described taxa. A key for species determination is provided.
The freshwater ostracod (Crustacea) genus Notodromas Lilljeborg, 1853 (Notodromadidae) from Japan; taxonomy, ecology and lifestyle
Authors: SMITH ROBIN J. , KAMIYA TAKAHIRO
Published: July 2014

Although Notodromas monacha (O. F. Müller, 1776) was first reported from Japan over 85 years ago, detailed comparisons between Japanese and European specimens reveal that the Japanese specimens have been misidentified. The Japanese specimens are described as a new species, Notodromas trulla n. sp., herein. This species differs from Notodromas monacha by the morphology of the male fifth limbs and sexual organs, and the morphology of the female carapace. Like other Notodromas species, it is at least partially neustonic, spending considerable amounts of time hanging upside down from the water surface, facilitated by an oval concavity on its ventral surface. It is found in rice fields and small, shallow ponds with few or no floating plants and a muddy substrate, and in suitable habitats can be very abundant. However, evidence suggests that this conspicuous species has experienced a significant and widespread population decline in Japan; reported as abundant in rice fields, swamps and ponds in the 1940s–70s, this species has been collected from only a small number of localities in recent years.
A Case Study of Radar Observations and WRF LES Simulations of the Impact of Ground-Based Glaciogenic Seeding on Orographic Clouds and Precipitation. Part I: Observations and Model Validations
Authors: Chu Xia , Xue Lulin , Geerts Bart , Rasmussen Roy , Breed Daniel
Published: July 2014

Profiling airborne radar data and accompanying large-eddy-simulation (LES) modeling are used to examine the impact of ground-based glaciogenic seeding on cloud and precipitation in a shallow stratiform orographic winter storm. This storm occurred on 18 February 2009 over a mountain in Wyoming. The numerical simulations use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model in LES mode with horizontal grid spacings of 300 and 100 m in a domain covering the entire mountain range, and a glaciogenic seeding parameterization coupled with the Thompson microphysics scheme. A series of non-LES simulations at 900-m resolution, each with different initial/boundary conditions, is validated against sounding, cloud, and precipitation data. The LES runs then are driven by the most representative 900-m non-LES simulation. The 100-m LES results compare reasonably well to the vertical-plane radar data. The modeled vertical-motion field reveals a turbulent boundary layer and gravity waves above this layer, as observed. The storm structure also validates well, but the model storm thins and weakens more rapidly than is observed. Radar reflectivity frequency-by-altitude diagrams suggest a positive seeding effect, but time- and space-matched model reflectivity diagrams only confirm this in a relative sense, in comparison with the trend in the control region upwind of seeding generators, and not in an absolute sense. A model sensitivity run shows that in this case natural storm weakening dwarfs the seeding effect, which does enhance snow mass and snowfall. Since the kinematic and microphysical structure of the storm is simulated well, future Part II of this study will examine how glaciogenic seeding impacts clouds and precipitation processes within the LES.
Demographic and socioeconomic inequalities in student achievement over the school career
Authors: Marks Gary N
Published: July 2014

This paper examines changes in demographic and socioeconomic inequalities in student achievement over the school career, and the extent that these inequalities are accounted for by other influences such as, region and socioeconomic background (where appropriate), school differences and prior achievement. The data analysed are from a longitudinal cohort of Victorian government school students in Years 3, 5 and 7 between 2008 and 2012. The most important finding is the dominant influence of prior achievement which substantially reduces demographic and socioeconomic differences. The strong effects of prior achievement hold even after differences between schools and socioeconomic background have been taken into account. Therefore, policy positions and theories of student performance that give primacy to the socioeconomic resources of families when students are at school, or schools themselves, are not supported. The genesis of demographic and socioeconomic inequalities in student achievement occurs prior to Year 3 and point to the importance of factors operating in the preceding years.
Voluntariness as legitimation for social work interventions: A case study in Flemish homelessness care
Authors: Maeseele Thomas , Roose Rudi , Bouverne-De Bie Maria
Published: July 2014

Based on research into homelessness care, in this article we discuss the dominant interpretation of voluntariness as an individual characteristic. It will be demonstrated that this conceptualization runs the risk of becoming a tool to select those clients for whom short-term reachable goals can be set, and that clients are obliged to accept the conditions which are set by social work initiatives. We argue for an understanding of voluntariness as an appeal to social work’s commitment to social problems and aim to encourage dialogue about the grounds for, and meaning of, interventions in people’s life stories.
Family leave for employed women: Interaction effects of gender discrimination and household responsibilities in South Korea
Authors: Jang Soo Jung , Zippay Allison , Park Rhokeun
Published: July 2014

Family leave policies are among the approaches used by employers across the globe to ease work–family strains among employed women, and enhance employee engagement and productivity. Yet some research suggests a critical dilemma facing some women: taking advantage of family leave may improve their ability to maintain both job and family, while lessening their status as valued employees in the eyes of employers that discriminate. This study utilizes secondary data from a sample of 1630 employed women from the 2008 Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families to examine the moderating roles of perceived gender discrimination on the relationships between family leave provisions and work–family conflict; and the moderating role of housework responsibilities on the relationships between family leave provisions and work–family conflict of women employees. The results suggest that the availability of leave policies is more strongly associated with decreased work–family conflict for women employees who report less perceived gender discrimination at the workplace, and who have greater housework responsibilities.
William Herschel, Flamsteed Numbers and Harris’s Star Maps
Authors: Steinicke Wolfgang
Published: July 2014

The paper discusses the origin of the commonly used Flamsteed star numbers, which are missing in John Flamsteed’s British Catalogue (1725) and accompanying Atlas coelestis (1729). Johann Elert Bode introduced these numbers in the Sammlung Astronomischer Tafeln (1776). Herschel independently created them in 1781 for his third star review. At that time he purchased Flamsteed’s Atlas coelestis and the question arises, which star chart did he use before, especially when Uranus was discovered. This leads to two star maps, linked to the Welsh astronomer Joseph Harris and based on stars whose positions were measured by Flamsteed and Halley.
Kepler = Koestler: On Empathy and Genre in the History of the Sciences
Authors: Jardine Nicholas
Published: July 2014

This essay looks at the roles in the history of the sciences of empathetic approaches to past authors. It focuses on the ways in which Arthur Koestler and other historians have engaged with Kepler and his works, and in particular with his Astronomia nova. I argue that here, as with many other historical sources, close attention to the process of composition and conventions of genre is crucial for adequate interpretation.
HR Practices and Knowledge Sharing Behavior
Authors: Kim Yong Woon , Ko Jaekwon
Published: July 2014

In the era of the knowledge-based economy, knowledge management has increasingly captured the interest and attention of researchers and practitioners. In addition, knowledge sharing behavior has been recognized as an important element of knowledge management. However, few studies have explored knowledge sharing behavior in the public sector. Using the Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey data, this study investigates the relationship between human resource (HR) practices and knowledge sharing behavior in the public sector, including the moderating role of trust in supervisor. The authors find that HR practices and trust in supervisor play pivotal roles in promoting knowledge sharing behavior. In addition, results show that trust in supervisor moderates the relationships between HR practices and knowledge sharing behavior. The implications of these findings are thoroughly discussed in this study.
A Review of BMIRT TOOLKIT
Authors: Schwarz Richard D.
Published: July 2014

A software review was conducted for BMIRT (Bayesian Multivariate IRT) that implements a variety of multidimensional models using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. The review describes its basic functionality, implementation of the program, and the operating environment.
A comparative analysis of ‘good citizenship’: A latent class analysis of adolescents’ citizenship norms in 38 countries
Authors: Hooghe Marc , Oser Jennifer , Marien Sofie
Published: July 2014

Various authors have claimed that citizenship norms have changed dramatically in contemporary societies. Recent research has studied the implications of Russell Dalton’s argument that duty-based citizenship norms (emphasizing voting and obeying the law) are being replaced by engaged citizenship norms (emphasizing self-expressive and non-institutionalized forms of participation). In this article we use the 2009 International Civic and Citizenship Education Survey ( n=140,650) to ascertain the cross-national empirical validity of engaged and duty-based norms. By means of latent class analysis, we show that both of these citizenship norms are indeed adhered to by different groups of adolescents. We also show, however, that only half of the research population holds these two norms, while other more traditional norms are also identified. The findings confirm expectations that high-status respondents with low political trust are more likely to adhere to engaged norms, but the country-level findings contradict expectations: engaged norms are less prevalent in highly developed stable democracies, and this casts doubts on the hypothesis that new engaged citizenship norms are predominantly found in stable highly developed democracies.
Hindering Women’s Careers in Academia
Authors: Rubini Monica , Menegatti Michela
Published: July 2014

This article addresses the role of language abstraction as a means to discriminate female applicants in academic personnel selection. The level of abstraction of 814 judgments, which were drawn from publicly available archival material, was coded. Results reveal that judgments of female applicants were formulated using negative terms at a more abstract level and positive terms at a more concrete level than those of male applicants. Moreover, this gender linguistic discrimination was perpetrated only by male committee members. Further analysis of the use of linguistic category shows that this discrimination was mainly based on the use of negative adjectives. The implications of language abstraction as a subtle means through which women’s academic careers are hindered are discussed.
The Emotional Representation of Sexual Crime in the National British Press
Authors: Harper Craig A. , Hogue Todd E.
Published: July 2014

The relationships between the media, public attitudes, and crime are complex, with evidence suggesting that public interaction with these press reports influencing wider social and political attitudes. Here, 543 articles from 8 of the 10 most-read British national newspapers were examined in terms of their representativeness of crime rates, and their linguistic properties. Results include a 9:1 representation of sexual crime, a 2.5:1 representation of violent crime, and a 1:4 representation of acquisitive crime within press articles compared with official statistics. Rating the linguistic content indicates that sexual crime articles comprised angrier and more emotionally negative tones than stories on all other groups. Tabloid and broadsheet differences were found in headlines, but not in the main bodies of the articles. Cognitive–experiential self-theory is offered as just one social psychological framework for understanding the role of emotion in sexual crime reporting.
Gendering Jokes
Authors: Abrams Jessica R. , Bippus Amy M.
Published: July 2014

Based on social identity theory, this study tests whether individuals demonstrate out-group rejection by rating jokes targeting the opposite gender funnier and more gender typical than jokes targeting their gender. Prior research is extended by examining individuals’ level of gender identification and propensity to discriminate against a hypothetical man or woman after exposure to sexist jokes. Results indicated that women exhibited in-group rejection, whereas men showed bias toward women only in the 1-joke (vs. 5- and 10-joke) condition. Men and women with low gender identification rated jokes about their gender funnier and more gender typical than those about the opposite gender, and highly identified women also rated jokes about women as gender typical. The findings did not support the basic assumptions of social identity theory; however, the theory remained useful in interpreting the results, which undoubtedly reflect the intergroup dynamics inherent in gender relations.
Coordination and navigation of heterogeneous MAV–UGV formations localized by a ‘hawk-eye’-like approach under a model predictive control scheme
Authors: Saska Martin , Vonásek Vojtěch , Krajník Tomáš , Přeučil Libor
Published: July 2014

An approach for coordination and control of 3D heterogeneous formations of unmanned aerial and ground vehicles under hawk-eye-like relative localization is presented in this paper. The core of the method lies in the use of visual top-view feedback from flying robots for the stabilization of the entire group in a leader–follower formation. We formulate a novel model predictive control-based methodology for guiding the formation. The method is employed to solve the trajectory planning and control of a virtual leader into a desired target region. In addition, the method is used for keeping the following vehicles in the desired shape of the group. The approach is designed to ensure direct visibility between aerial and ground vehicles, which is crucial for the formation stabilization using the hawk-eye-like approach. The presented system is verified in numerous experiments inspired by search-and-rescue applications, where the formation acts as a searching phalanx. In addition, stability and convergence analyses are provided to explicitly determine the limitations of the method in real-world applications.
The Multiple Politics of Philosophy in Africa: Emancipation, Postcolonialisms, Hermeneutics, and Governance
Authors: Foé Nkolo
Published: July 2014

The purpose of this paper is to present some recent main evolutions which affected Philosophy in Africa. These evolutions are marked by the decline of ideals which emerged during the Bandung era. Such ideals concerned Liberation and Emancipation, Progress. This supposed the future affirmation of Africa as a strategic pole of power. In this perspective, Philosophy and social sciences had an important role to play. There was a consensus on the fact that philosophy could be an instrument of liberation and emancipation and a major factor of social, cultural and political change.

But new paradigms emerged with globalization and its cultural logics known as postmodernism/postcolonialism. For instance, this conducted some thinkers to substitute hermeneutics, interpretation and language to the theories based on the intelligibility of the real and the necessity to transform it. This explains on the one hand the delegitimation of some main categories of modernity such as Reason, History, Nation, State, Emancipation, Progress, etc., and on the other hand, the affirmation of new alternatives on terms of Desire, Fluidity, Hybridism, Diversity, Ethnicity, all crowned by the theory of Empire. In this paper, I try to confront these recent trends in African Philosophy and the earlier trends which emerged from the fight against colonialism and imperialism in Asia, Latin America and Africa.
Synthesis of mica-multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) hybrid material and properties of mica-MWCNT/epoxy composites coating research
Authors: He Yi , Fan Yi , Chen Chunlin , Zhong Fei , Qing Dayong
Published: July 2014

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were acidified by mixed acid, and mica was modified with a silane coupling agent (KH560). Hexamethylenediamine was used to connect mica and MWCNTs, and mica-MWCNTs hybrid materials were obtained. The result of cladding was verified through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Composites coated with mica-MWCNTs/epoxy resin, mica/epoxy resin, and pure epoxy were prepared separately. Impedance performance was tested through an electrochemical workstation, and SEM was used to observe the surface condition of the coatings. Thermogravimetric analysis–differential thermogravimetry (TGA-DTG) was used to characterize the thermal stability of the composite coating. The results show that MWCNTs can be well dispersed on the surface of mica when 10% KH560 is added. The composite coating of mica-MWCNTs/epoxy has larger impedance compared with those of the mica/epoxy and pure epoxy. The anticorrosion property of the mica-MWCNTs composite coating increased greatly though SEM, and the thermal degradation rate of composites decreased after coating with CNTs.
Tool life prediction based on particle swarm optimization–back-propagation neural network
Authors: Xue Hong , Wang Shilong , Yi Lili , Zhu Rui , Cai Bin , Sun ShouLi
Published: July 2014

As one of the most important factors affecting shop floor management, tool life is determined by the tool flank wear or break, which is related to the tool parameters, cutting conditions and workpiece parameters. It is found that the relationship between these factors and the tool life is too nonlinear to be analytically formulated. For this reason, back-propagation neural network model is used to predict the tool life for its strong ability of nonlinear fitness. To avoid the local optimum, slow convergence and low generalization capability of the back-propagation neural network, a tool life prediction model, which is based on improved particle swarm optimization–back-propagation neural networks, is proposed in this article. The particle swarm optimization is applied to optimize the weights and thresholds of the back-propagation algorithm for improving the ability of global search and generality. Existing sample data of tools are used to train the proposed model for predicting the life of the tools that are similar to the sample data in tool style. The face milling tools and workpiece of 45 steel are selected for experiment. Theoretical analysis and comparative experiments with back-propagation neural network indicate that the life predicted by the particle swarm optimization–back-propagation model is much better than that of the back-propagation model. It proves that particle swarm optimization–back-propagation model has better convergence, stronger robustness and higher generality. This model also provides a theoretical basis for the economization of tool demand analysis and production planning.
Analysis on technology and defects of fracture splitting of automobile engine connecting rod
Authors: Yang Hongyu , Kou Shuqing , Gao Wenqiang , Zhang Peng
Published: July 2014

The principle of connecting rod (con-rod) fracture splitting was analyzed, and the microscopic morphology of fracture surface was observed using scanning electron microscope. Crack initiation and propagation during the fracture splitting of con-rod process was numerically simulated. The effects of the bolt hole on the fracture splitting force and distribution of stress and strain were investigated. Typical location of fracture splitting defects and why they were generated were analyzed, and methods were proposed to avoid them. The results show that the nature of con-rod fracture splitting is a mode I quasi-brittle fracture, and the position of crack initiation can be found during the analysis process. Existence of the bolt hole is helpful to optimize fracture splitting technology and improve product quality, and the optimized range of bolt hole position was achieved based on simulation result. Moreover, defects such as steps, break-outs, usually occur between the bolt hole wall and outer edge of the con-rod big end in that two cracks converged and propagation velocity was slow in this region. The fracture splitting defects can be reduced or avoided when the outer shape of the fracture surface is a circular arc.
Prevalence of suicidal ideation and associated factors among HIV-positive MSM in Anhui, China
Authors: Wu Yi-Le , Yang Hui-Yun , Wang Jun , Yao Hui , Zhao Xue , Chen Jian , Ding Xiu-Xiu , Zhang Hong-Bo , Bi Peng , Sun Ye-Huan
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Anhui, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted to recruit HIV-positive MSM in Anhui, China. A total of 184 HIV-positive MSM gave informed consent and completed the interview. Correlates of suicidal ideation were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Fifty-seven (31%) of HIV-positive MSM had suicidal ideations within six months before the interview. Multivariable analyses showed that learning of their HIV status in the past 12 months (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.6–7.3), perceived HIV stigma (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.1–5.2), depression symptoms (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.1–5.9) and anxiety symptoms (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.2–6.1) were significantly associated with the suicidal ideation among HIV-positive MSM. The results indicated that suicidal ideation was common among HIV-positive MSM in Anhui, China. There is an urgent need to establish psychological counselling services among HIV-positive MSM in China. Targeting of these potential risk factors could be an effective approach to reduce the suicide risk among this high-risk subgroup by the implementation of early intervention measurements.
A cohort study of toner-handling workers on inflammatory, allergic, and oxidative stress markers
Authors: Kitamura H , Terunuma N , Kurosaki S , Hata K , Masuda M , Kochi T , Yanagi N , Murase T , Ogami A , Higashi T
Published: July 2014

Objectives:

This study examines the relationship between toner exposure and its health effects in terms of biomarkers which are known to assess the damages to humans caused by toxic material exposure.

Methods:

The subjects were 1504 male workers aged below 50 in 2003 in a Japanese toner and photocopier manufacturing company. Personal exposure measurements, pulmonary function tests, chest X-ray examinations, biomarker measurement, and a questionnaire about respiratory symptoms were conducted. We will report about biomarker measurement in this study. Cross-sectional survey studies and a longitudinal study from 2003 to 2008 were conducted.

Results:

Few significant findings were associated with the toner exposure in both the cross-sectional and the longitudinal studies. The higher toner exposure concentrations did not induce effects on increasing biomarkers.

Conclusion:

There was no evidence of excessive inflammatory, allergic, or oxidative stress reaction in toner-handling workers as compared to non-handling workers, despite some sporadically significant findings. There are no other reports of a longitudinal epidemiological study with regard to toner exposure; this report significantly contributes to toner exposure literature. Although in the current well-controlled working environment, the toner exposure concentrations are quite low; further studies are needed to completely understand the health effects toner may have, however small they may be.
Measuring educational needs among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using the Dutch version of the Educational Needs Assessment Tool (D-ENAT)
Authors: Zirkzee E J M , Ndosi M E , Vlieland T P M Vliet , Meesters J J L
Published: July 2014

Objective

The Educational Needs Assessment Tool (ENAT) was developed in the United Kingdom (UK) to systematically assess the educational needs of patients with rheumatic diseases. The aim of the present study was to describe the educational needs of Dutch patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by means of a Dutch version of the ENAT (D-ENAT).

Methods

The D-ENAT was sent to a random sample of 244 SLE patients registered at the outpatient clinic of a university hospital. D-ENAT consists of 39 items in seven domains. The D-ENAT domain scores range from 0–16 to 0–28 (higher scoring equals higher educational needs) depending of the number of items in the domain. A total D-ENAT score (0–156) is calculated by summing all 39 items. In addition, age, disease duration, gender, educational level, present information need (yes/no) and the extent of information need (1–4: nothing–everything) were recorded. Univariate regression analysis was used to examine the D-ENAT’s potential determinants.

Results

The response rate was 122 out of 244 (50%). The mean (% of maximum score) educational needs scores were 56% for ‘D-ENAT total score’, 62% for ‘Self-help measures’, 60% for ‘Disease process’, 58% for ‘Feelings’, 56% for ‘Treatments’, 50% for ‘Movement’, 49% for ‘Support systems’ and 46% for ‘Managing pain’. Being female was significantly associated with higher scoring on the D-ENAT total score (β 23.0; 95% CI 5.9, 40.3).

Conclusion

SLE patients demonstrated substantial educational needs, especially in the domains: ‘Self-help measures’, ‘Disease process’ and ‘Feelings’. The validity and practical applicability of the D-ENAT to make an inventory of SLE patients’ educational needs requires further investigation.
A Body in Motion
Authors: Zabel Robert , Kaff Marilyn , Teagarden James
Published: July 2014

Dr. Frank Gresham provides his reflections on a long and productive career in providing support to children with significant challenges. Dr. Gresham also provides his thoughts on the future of the field.
Knowledge Sources for Evidence-Based Practice in Rheumatology Nursing
Authors: Neher Margit , Ståhl Christian , Ellström Per-Erik , Nilsen Per
Published: July 2014

As rheumatology nursing develops and extends, knowledge about current use of knowledge in rheumatology nursing practice may guide discussions about future knowledge needs. To explore what perceptions rheumatology nurses have about their knowledge sources and about what knowledge they use in their practice, 12 nurses working in specialist rheumatology were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The data were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis. The analysis yielded four types of knowledge sources in clinical practice: interaction with others in the workplace, contacts outside the workplace, written materials, and previous knowledge and experience. Colleagues, and physicians in particular, were important for informal learning in daily rheumatology practice. Evidence from the medical arena was accessed through medical specialists, while nursing research was used less. Facilitating informal learning and continuing formal education is proposed as a way toward a more evidence-based practice in extended roles.
Challenges of Documenting Schoolchildren’s Psychosocial Health
Authors: Clausson Eva K. , Berg Agneta , Janlöv Ann-Christin
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study was to explore school nurses’ experience of challenges related to documenting schoolchildren’s psychosocial health in Sweden. Six focus group discussions were carried out. Areas for discussions included questions about situations, especially challenging to document as well as what constrains and/or facilitates documenting psychosocial health problem issues. Qualitative content analysis was used for interpreting the data. The analysis resulted in one overarching theme: having to do one’s duty and being afraid of doing wrong; and three subthemes: uncertainty related to one’s own ability, concerns related to future consequences, and strategies to handle the documentation. School nurses relying on their intuition and using a structured documentation model may increase the opportunities for a reliable documentation. To further develop their professional skills with regular, clinical supervision can be of great importance. This in turn may increase contributions to research and development for the benefit of schoolchildren’s psychosocial health.
Interventions to Reduce Medication Errors in Pediatric Intensive Care
Authors: Manias Elizabeth , Kinney Sharon , Cranswick Noel , Williams Allison , Borrott Narelle
Published: July 2014

Objective: To systematically examine the research literature to identify which interventions reduce medication errors in pediatric intensive care units. Data Sources: Databases were searched from inception to April 2014. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Studies were included if they involved the conduct of an intervention with the intent of reducing medication errors. Data Synthesis: In all, 34 relevant articles were identified. Apart from 1 study, all involved single-arm, before-and-after designs without a comparative, concurrent control group. A total of 6 types of interventions were utilized: computerized physician order entry (CPOE), intravenous systems (ISs), modes of education (MEs), protocols and guidelines (PGs), pharmacist involvement (PI), and support systems for clinical decision making (SSCDs). Statistically significant reductions in medication errors were achieved in 7/8 studies for CPOE, 2/5 studies for ISs, 9/11 studies for MEs, 1/2 studies for PGs, 2/3 studies for PI, and 3/5 studies for SSCDs. The test for subgroup differences showed that there was no statistically significant difference among the 6 subgroups of interventions, χ2(5) = 1.88, P = 0.87. The following risk ratio results for meta-analysis were obtained: CPOE: 0.47 (95% CI = 0.28, 0.79); IS: 0.37 (95% CI = 0.19, 0.73); ME: 0.36 (95% CI = 0.22, 0.58); PG: 0.82 (95% CI = 0.21, 3.25); PI: 0.39 (95% CI = 0.10, 1.51), and SSCD: 0.49 (95% CI = 0.23, 1.03). Conclusions: Available evidence suggests some aspects of CPOE with decision support, ME, and IS may help in reducing medication errors. Good quality, prospective, observational studies are needed for institutions to determine the most effective interventions.
Intuitively neoliberal? Towards a critical understanding of resilience governance
Authors: Schmidt Jessica
Published: July 2014

The article takes issue with available critiques of resilience as self-evidently in keeping with neoliberal governance. It complicates this contention by making three interventions. First, it highlights how key neoliberal thinkers invoked evolutionary rationalisations to challenge liberal forms. Second, in drawing on the work of Friedrich Hayek and Douglass North, it proposes that neoliberalism, rather than a success story, seems to be confronted with a central paradox as it shifts from apologia to governmentality. This paradox concerns the incommensurability between portraying the world as complex and non-linear in which cause-and-effect relations cannot be securely established, on the one hand, and understanding human agency primarily in terms of goal-oriented decision-making, on the other. Third, it suggests that it is early pragmatist theorisations, rather than neoliberal thought, that can help us comprehend resilience rationalities. While pragmatists shared the evolutionary-complex ontology with neoliberal thinkers, it is particularly its Deweyan version that offers a different conception of human agency and its relation to the world. Dewey’s pragmatism redirects agency into the inner life of humans as the site where genuine change and transformation can be effected under conditions of complexity. The overall argument made is that resilience thus emerges as a mode of governance that should be understood as a response to the dilemma of neoliberal logics rather than a continuation of its system of rule.
Tablet computers and traditional television (TV) viewing
Authors: Greer Clark F , Ferguson Douglas A
Published: July 2014

Over the past 3 years, tablet computers have become increasingly popular devices. In particular, Apple’s iPad and its accompanying apps have taken the tablet market by storm. The technology enables users to accomplish a variety of tasks, including viewing television (TV) programs and other video sources on the device. Based on media uses and gratifications, an exploratory study examined whether the iPad was replacing traditional TV viewing. Results showed that, rather than displacing time with TV, the amount of TV viewing on an iPad was positively related to the amount of time watching traditional TV.
A pilot study on mobile phones as a means to access maternal health education in eastern rural Uganda
Authors: Roberts Sanford , Birgisson Natalia , Julia Chang Diana , Koopman Cheryl
Published: July 2014

Maternal mortality in Uganda has remained relatively high since 2006. We studied access to mobile phones and people's interest in receiving audio-based maternal health lessons delivered via a toll-free telephone line. Interviews were conducted, using a male and a female translator, with 42 men and 41 women in four villages located in eastern rural Uganda. Most of the participants were recruited through systematic sampling, but some were recruited through community organizations and antenatal clinics. Ownership of a mobile phone was reported by 79% of men and by 42% of women. Among those who did not own a mobile phone, 67% of men and 88% of women reported regularly borrowing a mobile phone. Among women, 98% reported interest in receiving maternal mobile health lessons, and 100% of men. Providing local communities with mobile maternal health education offers a new potential method of reducing maternal mortality.
During early and mid-adolescence, greater mental toughness is related to increased sleep quality and quality of life
Authors: Brand Serge , Kalak Nadeem , Gerber Markus , Clough Peter J , Lemola Sakari , Pühse Uwe , Holsboer-Trachsler Edith
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study was to explore the association between mental toughness, subjective sleep, physical activity, and quality of life during early and mid-adolescence. A total of 1475 participants (mean age = 13.4 years; range: 11–16 years) took part in the study. They completed questionnaires related to mental toughness, physical activity, subjective sleep, and quality of life. Greater mental toughness was related to more favorable quality of life and increased subjective sleep. Mental toughness was not related to physical activity. Increased mental toughness, favorable quality of life, and sleep are related during early and mid-adolescence. Against our expectations, mental toughness was not related to physical activity.
Queer youth, Facebook and faith: Facebook methodologies and online identities
Authors: Taylor Yvette , Falconer Emily , Snowdon Ria
Published: July 2014

‘Making space for queer-identifying religious youth’ (2011–2013) is an Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)-funded project, which seeks to shed light on youth cultures, queer community and religiosity. While non-heterosexuality is often associated with secularism, and some sources cast religion as automatically negative or harmful to the realisation of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) identity (or ‘coming out’), we explore how queer Christian youth negotiate sexual–religious identities. There is a dearth of studies on queer religious youth, yet an emerging and continuing interest in the role of digital technologies for the identities of young people. Based on interviews with 38 LGBT, ‘religious’ young people, this article examines Facebook, as well as wider social networking sites and the online environment and communities. Engaging with the key concept of ‘online embodiment’, this article takes a closer analysis of embodiment, emotion and temporality to approach the role of Facebook in the lives of queer religious youth. Furthermore, it explores the methodological dilemmas evoked by the presence of Facebook in qualitative research with specific groups of young people.
The diabetic rat kidney mediates inosituria and selective urinary partitioning of D-chiro-inositol
Authors: Chang Hao-Han , Choong Bernard , Phillips Anthony RJ , Loomes Kerry M
Published: July 2014

Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus with a pressing need for effective metabolic markers to detect renal impairment. Of potential significance are the inositol compounds, myo-inositol (MI), and the less abundant stereoisomer, D- chiro-inositol (DCI), which are excreted at increased levels in the urine in diabetes mellitus, a phenomenon known as inosituria. There is also a selective urinary excretion of DCI compared to MI. As the biological origins of altered inositol metabolism in diabetes mellitus are unknown, the aim of this study was to determine whether the diabetic kidney was directly responsible. Kidneys isolated from four-week streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were characterized by a 3-fold reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) compared to matched non-diabetic kidneys. When perfused with fixed quantities of MI (50 µM) and DCI (5 µM) under normoglycemic conditions (5 mM glucose), GFR-normalized urinary excretion of MI was increased by 1.7-fold in diabetic vs. non-diabetic kidneys. By comparison, GFR-normalized urinary excretion of DCI was increased by 4-fold. Perfusion conditions replicating hyperglycemia (20 mM glucose) potentiated DCI but not MI urinary excretion in both non-diabetic and diabetic kidneys. Overall, there was a 2.4-fold increase in DCI urinary excretion compared to MI in diabetic kidneys that was independent of glucose ambience. This increased urinary excretion of DCI and MI in diabetic kidneys occurred despite increased renal expression of the inositol transporters, sodium myo-inositol transporter subtype 1 and 2 (SMIT1 and SMIT2). These findings show that the diabetic kidney primarily mediates inosituria and altered urinary partitioning of MI and DCI. Urinary inositol levels might therefore serve as an indicator of impaired renal function in diabetes mellitus with wider implications for monitoring chronic kidney disease.
Study on Alcohol Dependence and Factors Related to Erectile Dysfunction Among Aborigines in Taiwan
Authors: Chao Jian-Kang , Ma Mi-Chia , Lin Yen-Chin , Chiang Han-Sun , Hwang Thomas I-Sheng
Published: July 2014

Relatively few studies have addressed the risk factors of erectile dysfunction (ED) in Taiwanese— most have described ED and medical problems in the general population. In this study, the cardiovascular risk factors of ED among aborigines in Taiwan were investigated. However, alcohol dependence (AD) was prevalent in Taiwan’s aborigine population. So this study also focused on the relationship among AD, the cardiovascular risk factors and ED. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and data was obtained from a baseline survey of 192 aboriginal adults (35-75 years of age). The participants’ demographic data, AD, markers of endothelial function, serum testosterone, and ED status were assessed. Ninety-four (49%) of the 192 participants had a history of alcoholism and 79 (84%) of those with alcoholism had ED. The study reported that AD and hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome (MetS), ED, abnormality of testosterone, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein are highly prevalent among the aborigines. Factors that may affect ED included age, AD, central obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, MetS, and testosterone. ED is highly prevalent among aborigines with the risk factors of AD, MetS, old age, and abnormal testosterone serum level. MetS, atherosclerosis, and ED are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Hence, an increased focus on Taiwanese aborigines with ED is necessary.
The Radiographic Effects of the Scarf Bunionectomy on Rearfoot Alignment
Authors: Argerakis Nicholas G. , Weil Lowell , Weil Lowell Scott , Anagnostopoulos Dimitrios , Feuerstein Catherine A. , Klein Erin E. , Boccio Ashley K.
Published: July 2014

Statement of Purpose. Excessive pronation of the rearfoot has been implicated as a destabilizing force in the progression of hallux abducto valgus. Although the scarf bunionectomy has been shown to effectively correct the intermetatarsal angle associated with hallux valgus deformity, its effect on the rearfoot has yet to be established. The purpose of this case series is to demonstrate the effect of the scarf bunionectomy on rearfoot alignment. Methodology. Medical records were reviewed to isolate patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral scarf bunionectomies (with or without akin osteotomy) who had complete medical records, follow-up of at least 12 months, and met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Preoperative and postoperative radiographic measurements were analyzed at various postoperative time intervals. Standard deviations and statistical significance was obtained. Results. One hundred feet (71 patients) were included in this analysis. The long-term results of this study highlighted the scarf osteotomy’s ability to affect the medial longitudinal arch by decreasing the intermetatarsal angle and lateral talar-first metatarsal angle. The talar declination and calcaneal inclination angle were not significantly altered with the scarf bunionectomy. Conclusion. This case series demonstrates that the scarf bunionectomy had significant effect on radiographic alignment of the bunion deformity and medial longitudinal arch over time. However, its effect on the rearfoot position was not statistically significant.

Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case Series
Conflict Templates in Negotiations, Disputes, Joint Decisions, and Tournaments
Authors: Halevy Nir , Phillips L. Taylor
Published: July 2014

Conflict situations present interaction partners with opportunities to behave cooperatively or competitively. Conflict templates (CTs) capture interaction partners’ perceptions of the relationships between their actions and outcomes. Study 1 investigated situational influences on CTs as well as the cross-situational consistency of CTs using a longitudinal diary design. Deal-making negotiation produced more competitive perceptions than dispute resolution, joint decision making, or naturally occurring social interactions. Study 2 investigated downstream consequences of CTs by having participants submit strategies for a tournament involving four types of situations. Each strategy was matched with all other submitted strategies in a series of repeated games for a total of over 12 million rounds. Cooperative perceptions significantly predicted economic performance in the tournament. We highlight the implications of the current findings for conflict management and resolution.