bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of anticancer peptides derived from the true lectins of Phoenix dactylifera and their synergetic effect with mitotane
Authors: Baothman Othman , Ali Ehab M. M. , Hosawi Salman , Hassan E. Konozy Emadeldin , Abu Zeid Isam M. , Ahmad Abrar , Altayb Hisham N.
Published: February 2024

Background and aims: Cancer continues to be a significant source of both illness and death on a global scale, traditional medicinal plants continue to serve as a fundamental resource of natural bioactive compounds as an alternative source of remedies. Although there have been numerous studies on the therapeutic role of Phoenix dactylifera, the study of the role of peptides has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer activity of lectin peptides from P. dactylifera using in silico and in vivo analysis.

Methods: Different computational tools were used to extract and predict anticancer peptides from the true lectins of P. dactylifera. Nine peptides that are bioactive substances have been investigated for their anticancer activity against MCF-7 and T47D (two forms of breast cancer). To counteract the unfavorable effects of mitotane, the most potent peptides (U3 and U7) were combined with it and assessed for anticancer activity against MCF-7 and HepG2.

Results:In silico analysis revealed that nine peptides were predicted with anticancer activity. In cell lines, the lowest IC50 values were measured in U3 and U7 against MCF-7 and T47D cells. U3 or U7 in combination with mitotane demonstrated the lowest IC50 against MCF-7 and HepG2. The maximum level of cell proliferation inhibition was 22% when U3 (500 µg/mL) and 25 µg/mL mitotane were combined, compared to 41% when 25 µg/mL mitotane was used alone. When mitotane and U3 or U7 were combined, it was shown that these bioactive substances worked synergistically with mitotane to lessen its negative effects. The combination of peptides and mitotane could be regarded as an efficient chemotherapeutic medication having these bioactive properties for treating a variety of tumors while enhancing the reduction of side effects.
In vitro and in silico studies reveal antidiabetic properties of arylbenzofurans from the root bark of Morus mesozygia Stapf
Authors: Olufolabo Katherine Olabanjo , Lüersen Kai , Oguntimehin Samuel Ayoolu , Nchiozem-Ngnitedem Vaderament-A. , Agbebi Emmanuel Ayodeji , Faloye Kolade Olatubosun , Nyamboki Divinah Kwamboka , Rimbach Gerald , Matasyoh Josphat Clement , Schmidt Bernd , Moody Jones Olanrewaju
Published: February 2024

Diabetes remains an important disease worldwide with about 500 million patients globally. In tropical Africa, Morus mesozygia is traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes. Biological and phytochemical investigation of the root bark extracts of the plant led to the isolation of a new prenylated arylbenzofuran named 7-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)moracin M (1) and two congeners, moracins P (2) and M (3). When compared to acarbose (IC50 = 486 µM), all the isolated compounds are better inhibitors of α-glucosidase with in vitro IC50 values of 16.9, 16.6, and 40.9 µM, respectively. However, they were not active against α-amylase. The compounds also demonstrated moderate inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4). Based on in silico docking studies, all isolates (1, 2, and 3) exhibit binding affinities of −8.7, −9.5, and −8.5 kcal/mol, respectively against α-glucosidase enzyme (PDB: 3AJ7). They are stabilized within the α-glucosidase active site through hydrogen bonds, pi interactions, and hydrophobic interactions. This study provides scientific support for the traditional use of Morus mesozygia in the treatment of diabetes as well as adding to the repository of α-glucosidase inhibitory agents.
Gut-immunity-joint axis: a new therapeutic target for gouty arthritis
Authors: Chen Pei , Luo Zhiqiang , Lu Chengyin , Jian Gonghui , Qi Xinyu , Xiong Hui
Published: February 2024

Gouty arthritis (GA) is an inflammatory disease characterized by pain. The primary goal of current treatment strategies during GA flares remains the reduction of inflammation and pain. Research suggests that the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites contribute to the modulation of the inflammatory mechanism associated with GA, particularly through their effect on macrophage polarization. The increasing understanding of the gut-joint axis emphasizes the importance of this interaction. The primary objective of this review is to summarize existing research on the gut-immune-joint axis in GA, aiming to enhance understanding of the intricate processes and pathogenic pathways associated with pain and inflammation in GA, as documented in the published literature. The refined comprehension of the gut-joint axis may potentially contribute to the future development of analgesic drugs targeting gut microbes for GA.
The additive effect of herbal medicines on lifestyle modification in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Myung-Ho , Ahn Subin , Hur Nayeon , Oh Seung-Yun , Son Chang-Gue
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is difficult to manage because of its complex pathophysiological mechanism. There is still no effective treatment other than lifestyle modification (LM) such as dietary modifications, regular physical activity, and gradual weight loss. Herbal medicines from traditional Chinese Medicine and Korean Medicine have been shown to be effective in the treatment of NAFLD based on many randomized controlled trials. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the additive effects of herbal medicines on LM in the treatment of NAFLD.

Methods: Two databases (PubMed and Cochrane library) were searched using keywords related to NAFLD and herbal medicines. Then the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the therapeutic effects of herbal medicines combined with LM were selected. The pooled results were analyzed as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for continuous data, and risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI for dichotomous data.

Results and Discussion: Eight RCTs with a total of 603 participants were included for this review study. Participants were administered with multi-herbal formulas (Yiqi Sanju Formula, Tiaogan Lipi Recipe, and Lingguizhugan Decoction) or single-herbal extracts (Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Magnoliae offcinalis, Trigonella Foenum-graecum L. semen, Portulaca oleracea L., and Rhus Coriaria L. fructus) along with LM for 12 weeks. The meta-analysis showed a significant improvement in ultrasoundbased liver steatosis measured by odds ratio (OR) in the herbal medicine group than those with LM alone (OR = 7.9, 95% CI 0.7 to 95.2, p < 0.1). In addition, herbal medicines decreased the levels of aspartate transferase (MD -7.5, 95% CI -13.4 to −1.7, p = 0.01) and total cholesterol (MD -16.0, 95% CI -32.7 to 0.7, p = 0.06) more than LM alone. The meta-analysis partially showed clinical evidence supporting the additive benefits of herbal medicines for NAFLD in combination with LM. Whereas, it is necessary to provide a solid basis through higher-quality studies using a specific herbal medicine.
Disease spectrum and its molecular characterisation in the lentil production system of lower-Indo Gangetic plains
Authors: Nazneen Huma , Das Raju , Das Arpita , Dutta Subrata , Bhattacharya Sudip , Patar Subhas , Roy Subhadeep , Gupta Sanjeev , Kumar Shiv
Published: February 2024

Lentil is a food legume grown in the Indo-Gangetic plains including lower Gangetic Bengal (LGB). Lentil productivity in this zone is severely impeded because of the prevalence of several biotic cues. Plausible reports regarding the status of disease scenario and the associated risk factors are missing. Therefore, judicious crop management strategies are lacking. An intensive survey of 267 farmers’ fields was conducted over 3 years in major lentil-growing districts of LGB to evaluate the disease incidence and prevalence. Additional insights were generated, apprehending isolation and characterisation of associated pathogens through spore morphology and molecular markers as well as elucidating the role of biophysical factors in influencing disease development. Climate change has shifted the disease dimension of lentil and precipitated new disease complexes of great risk, which was reflected through geospatial mapping results in the present study. The prevalence of three major diseases, namely collar rot (Sclerotium rolfsii), lentil blight complex (LBC) incited by both Alternaria and Stemphylium, and lentil rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae), was ascertained through cultural and molecular studies and contextualised through pathogenicity appraisal. This study is the first to investigate the complex mixed infection of Alternaria alternata and Stemphylium botryosum, successfully isolating S. botyrosum in India, and confirming the pathogens through sequencing by using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primers and Stemphylium-specific Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (gpd1) and gpd2 primers. Unlike late planting, early planting promoted collar rot infestation. LBC and rust incidence were magnified in late planting. Soil texture resulted in the spatial distribution of collar rot disease. The surveyed data also highlighted the potential role of resistant cultivars and cropping pattern intervention to ensure associational resistance towards addressing the disease bottleneck in lentil.
Enhancement of broad-spectrum disease resistance in wheat through key genes involved in systemic acquired resistance
Authors: Zhao Shuqing , Li Mengyu , Ren Xiaopeng , Wang Chuyuan , Sun Xinbo , Sun Manli , Yu Xiumei , Wang Xiaodong
Published: February 2024

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an inducible disease resistance phenomenon in plant species, providing plants with broad-spectrum resistance to secondary pathogen infections beyond the initial infection site. In Arabidopsis, SAR can be triggered by direct pathogen infection or treatment with the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA), as well as its analogues 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) and benzothiadiazole (BTH). The SA receptor non-expressor of pathogenesis-related protein gene 1 (NPR1) protein serves as a key regulator in controlling SAR signaling transduction. Similarly, in common wheat (Triticum aestivum), pathogen infection or treatment with the SA analogue BTH can induce broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rust, Fusarium head blight, and other diseases. However, unlike SAR in the model plant Arabidopsis or rice, SAR-like responses in wheat exhibit unique features and regulatory pathways. The acquired resistance (AR) induced by the model pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 is regulated by NPR1, but its effects are limited to the adjacent region of the same leaf and not systemic. On the other hand, the systemic immunity (SI) triggered by Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis (Xtc) or Pseudomonas syringae pv. japonica (Psj) is not controlled by NPR1 or SA, but rather closely associated with jasmonate (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and several transcription factors. Furthermore, the BTH-induced resistance (BIR) partially depends on NPR1 activation, leading to a broader and stronger plant defense response. This paper provides a systematic review of the research progress on SAR in wheat, emphasizes the key regulatory role of NPR1 in wheat SAR, and summarizes the potential of pathogenesis-related protein (PR) genes in genetically modifying wheat to enhance broad-spectrum disease resistance. This review lays an important foundation for further analyzing the molecular mechanism of SAR and genetically improving broad-spectrum disease resistance in wheat.
Ensuring quality of life in palliative care physiotherapy in developing countries
Authors: Ogundunmade Babatunde Gbolahan , John Davidson Okwudili , Chigbo Nnenna Nina
Published: February 2024

Palliative care (PC) focuses on the body, mind, and spirit and can also provide pain and symptom relief, clarifying and focusing the provision of care on the patient's desires and goals, and helping them understand their disease and its treatment plans. Although PC is widely recognized for its applicability near the end of life or during terminal illness, it is also applicable and beneficial for patients with diseases in their earlier stages. Near the end of life, palliative care often focuses on providing continual symptom management and supportive care. Although palliative care has been noted to improve some life expectancy, its primary aim is to improve quality of life via focusing on the comfort of the patient, maintaining dignity, reducing intensive care utilization, and avoidance of expensive hospitalizations. One major challenge to quality of life for patients in PC is the physical and functional decline that occurs with disease progression. These issues can be addressed by specialized PC physiotherapy. Uniform provision of high-quality PC services (and physiotherapy in palliative care) faces substantial challenges in resource-challenged settings, including low- and middle-income countries. When properly integrated into PC teams and adequately supported, physiotherapy within PC can address common symptoms (pain, breathlessness, weakness) and assist patients to remain in an adapted home setting to optimize their quality of life, safety, and dignity.
Antimicrobial cellulose hydrogels against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Miño Karla , Pérez Antonela , Iza-García Tamia Xaymara , Cabascango Dayanna Gabriela , Gordillo Catalina , Gordillo Andrea , Vispo Nelson , Machado António , Zamora-Ledezma Camilo , Alexis Frank
Published: February 2024

The development of hydrogels has a significant impact in fields such as tissue engineering and biomedical devices. The present study tests different cellulose particles extracted from plants to produce hydrogels and identify if these particles and hydrogels have antimicrobial properties. Nine cellulose particles from Ecuadoran biodiversity were obtained using an established chemical extraction protocol, characterized using known techniques, and evaluated for bacterial growth in-vitro. In addition, two particles of nine were selected to perform bacterial growth rates and bacterial adhesion assays. The bacterial growth rates with cellulose F1 and F53 were similar to the positive control (with antibiotic) with both Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and TG1 strains. However, the results showed that the bacterial growth rate with seven of the nine cellulose particles was lower than the negative control (without antibiotics) suggesting antifouling properties. Based on the results using cellulose particles and hydrogels with antifouling properties, we prepared a plant extract to test the bactericide properties against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) and Gram-negative (E. coli ATCC 25922) bacteria, evidencing the highest inhibitory effect at 40 and 60 mg/mL against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Lastly, we encapsulated the bactericide plant extract into the anti-fouling hydrogel. The results demonstrated that the combination of antifouling and bactericide properties could be an alternative approach for surface-modified cellulosic materials applications in the future.
Clean and sustainable environment problems in forested areas related to recreational activities: case of Lithuania and Turkey
Authors: Atalay Ahmet , Perkumiene Dalia , Aleinikovas Marius , Škėma Mindaugas
Published: February 2024

Introduction

With the acceleration of social life, people's interest and demand for forestry recreation activities is increasing. However, with this increase, it is inevitable that negative environmental effects will occur. Particularly mass participation poses an important risk for environmental sustainability. In this context, the aim of this study is to determine the recreational activities organized in forest areas in Turkey and Lithuania, the environmental effects of these activities and the precautions to be taken.

Methods

In Turkey and Lithuania, interviews were conducted to determine the attitudes of experts involved in recreational activity processes towards a clean environment and environmental sustainability. A semi-structured interview form was used in the interviews with forest operators and other experts. The sample group of the research consists of 17 experts from Turkey and Lithuania.

Results

According to the results of the research, recreational activities are organized in forest areas in both countries, but the most important problem related to these activities is waste production. In addition, there is also damage to the natural environment. Although there are legal regulations in both countries, there are no definite results in solving environmental problems.

Conclusions

It can be said that necessary measures such as raising awareness of people and ecological education should be taken in order to ensure the right of individuals to live in a safe and clean environment and at the same time to ensure sustainability in forest areas. as the improvement of legal regulation.
The influence of cardiorespiratory fitness level on the relationship between work rates at the aerobic threshold (AerT) and the point of maximal fat oxidation (Fatmax) in untrained adults
Authors: Pühringer Martin , Ring-Dimitriou Susanne
Published: February 2024

Introduction

In this study, we investigated the impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), quantified as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), on the relationship between work rates (WR) at the aerobic threshold (AerT) and the point of maximal fat oxidation rate (Fatmax).

Methods

A total of 761 untrained adults aged 41–68 completed a one-minute incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer, using breath-by-breath gas analysis to determine VO2peak, AerT, and Fatmax. AerT was determined using automatic and visual detection methods, and Fatmax was determined using indirect calorimetry. Participants were categorized into CRF-groups: low (<25th percentile), medium (≥25th percentile and <75th percentile), and high (≥75th percentile).

Results

Fatmax was found at 43 ± 7% WRpeak, 37% ± 6% WRpeak and 35% ± 7% WRpeak in the low, medium, and high CRF-groups, respectively. In contrast, AerT was located at significantly higher relative work rates: 51% ± 8% WRpeak, 47% ± 10% WRpeak, and 47% ± 11% WRpeak in the respective CRF-groups. There was a weak agreement between Fatmax and AerT [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = .19, p < .001], and the ICC decreased from .35 to .12 to .13, while the mean bias ±95% limits of agreement increased from 8% ± 14% WRpeak to 8% ± 19% WRpeak to 12% ± 44% WRpeak from CRF-low to CRF-medium to CRF-high. The mean difference between Fatmax and AerT was significantly different among the CRF subgroups: 8% ± 7% WRpeak vs. 10% ± 10% WRpeak vs. 12% ± 11% WRpeak in low, medium, and high CRF-groups, respectively. Nonetheless, multiple regression analysis revealed only a weak positive correlation between the difference in relative work rates (% WRpeak) between Fatmax and AerT (dependent variable) and the predictor variables CRF and sex, both identified as significant (R = .19, p < .001).

Conclusion

Our study confirms substantial differences in exercise intensities between Fatmax and AerT in untrained adults (10% ± 19% WRpeak, ranging from −14% to 53% WRpeak). Importantly, this difference remains relatively consistent across varying CRF levels, emphasizing the distinct nature of Fatmax and AerT, with CRF playing a limited role in influencing their relationship in our study's untrained adults.
Latex vascular injection as method for enhanced neurosurgical training and skills
Authors: Pérez-Cruz Julio C. , Macías-Duvignau Mario A. , Reyes-Soto Gervith , Gasca-González Oscar O. , Baldoncini Matias , Miranda-Solís Franklin , Delgado-Reyes Luis , Ovalles Carlos , Catillo-Rangel Carlos , Goncharov Evgeniy , Nurmukhametov Renat , Lawton Michael T. , Montemurro Nicola , Encarnacion Ramirez Manuel De Jesus
Published: February 2024

Background

Tridimensional medical knowledge of human anatomy is a key step in the undergraduate and postgraduate medical education, especially in surgical fields. Training simulation before real surgical procedures is necessary to develop clinical competences and to minimize surgical complications.

Methods

Latex injection of vascular system in brain and in head-neck segment is made after washing out of the vascular system and fixation of the specimen before and after latex injection.

Results

Using this latex injection technique, the vascular system of 90% of brains and 80% of head-neck segments are well-perfused. Latex-injected vessels maintain real appearance compared to silicone, and more flexible vessels compared to resins. Besides, latex makes possible a better perfusion of small vessels.

Conclusions

Latex vascular injection technique of the brain and head-neck segment is a simulation model for neurosurgical training based on real experiencing to improve surgical skills and surgical results.
Investigation into the safety, and serological responses elicited by delivery of live intranasal vaccines for bovine herpes virus type 1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza type 3 in pre-weaned calves
Authors: Flynn Anna , McAloon Catherine , Sugrue Katie , Fitzgerald Ricki , Sheridan Cara , Cowley Bosco , McAloon Conor , Kennedy Emer
Published: February 2024

Despite the fact that pneumonia remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in pre-weaned calves, relatively little is known regarding the effects of the concurrent administration of intranasal pneumonia virus vaccines, particularly in calves with high levels of maternally derived antibodies. The objective of this study was to use a cohort of 40 dairy and dairy-beef female and male calves (27 females and 13 males) to determine serological responses to concurrent administration at 3 weeks of age (22 ± 4.85 days) of two commercially available intranasal (IN) vaccines for the viruses: bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine herpes virus 1 (BoHV-1), and parainfluenza-3-virus (PI3-V). The study groups were as follows: (i) Bovilis IBR Marker Live only® (IO), (ii) Bovilis INtranasal RSP Live® only (RPO), (iii) Concurrent vaccination with Bovilis IBR Marker Live® & Bovilis Intranasal RSP Live® (CV), and (iv) a control group of non-vaccinated calves (CONT). The calves’ serological response post-IN vaccination, clinical health scores, rectal temperatures, and weights were measured. Data were analyzed in SAS using mixed models and logistic regression. The CV calves had an average daily weight gain (ADG) of 0.74 (±0.02) kg, which was similar to CONT (0.77 ± 0.02 kg). Despite no significant differences in the antibody levels between study groups 3 weeks post-IN vaccination, following the administration of subsequent parenteral injections in the form of Bovilis Bovipast RSP®(antigens; inactivated BRSV, inactivated PI3-V, inactivated Mannheimia haemolytica) and Bovilis IBR Marker Live®, the antibody levels of the BRSV and PI3-V increased in both the CV and RPO study groups. Concurrent vaccination resulted in no increase in fever and no difference in health scores when compared to CONT.
The Predictive Value of Graft Viability and Bioenergetics Testing Towards the Outcome in Liver Transplantation
Authors: Meszaros Andras T. , Weissenbacher Annemarie , Schartner Melanie , Egelseer-Bruendl Tim , Hermann Martin , Unterweger Jasmin , Mittelberger Christa , Reyer Beatrix A. , Hofmann Julia , Zelger Bettina G. , Hautz Theresa , Resch Thomas , Margreiter Christian , Maglione Manuel , Komlódi Timea , Ulmer Hanno , Cardini Benno , Troppmair Jakob , Öfner Dietmar , Gnaiger Erich , Schneeberger Stefan , Oberhuber Rupert
Published: February 2024

Donor organ biomarkers with sufficient predictive value in liver transplantation (LT) are lacking. We herein evaluate liver viability and mitochondrial bioenergetics for their predictive capacity towards the outcome in LT. We enrolled 43 consecutive patients undergoing LT. Liver biopsy samples taken upon arrival after static cold storage were assessed by histology, real-time confocal imaging analysis (RTCA), and high-resolution respirometry (HRR) for mitochondrial respiration of tissue homogenates. Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) served as primary endpoint. HRR data were analysed with a focus on the efficacy of ATP production or P-L control efficiency, calculated as 1-L/P from the capacity of oxidative phosphorylation P and non-phosphorylating respiration L. Twenty-two recipients experienced EAD. Pre-transplant histology was not predictive of EAD. The mean RTCA score was significantly lower in the EAD cohort (−0.75 ± 2.27) compared to the IF cohort (0.70 ± 2.08; p = 0.01), indicating decreased cell viability. P-L control efficiency was predictive of EAD (0.76 ± 0.06 in IF vs. 0.70 ± 0.08 in EAD-livers; p = 0.02) and correlated with the RTCA score. Both RTCA and P-L control efficiency in biopsy samples taken during cold storage have predictive capacity towards the outcome in LT. Therefore, RTCA and HRR should be considered for risk stratification, viability assessment, and bioenergetic testing in liver transplantation.
Echa rewolucji rosyjskich w 1917 roku na łamach prasy polskiej
Authors: Dawidowicz Aneta
Published: February 2024

The aim of the article is to present the issues of the Russian revolutions, their course and effects in the Polish press published under the partitions, representing various ideological and political trends. Foreign dailies remained the source of information about the revolution. A review of press publications allowed us to determine what information reached the readers of the Polish press. The creators of the Polish press assumed the attitude of observers of political and social life. The influence of revolutionary events on the development of the situation in Poland was discussed. A review of press publications allowed us to determine what information reached the readers of the Polish press. The press content analysis method and qualitative analysis of the presented content were used.
The Effects of Tillage Systems on the Management of Agronomic Factors in Winter Oilseed Rape Cultivation: A Case Study in North-Eastern Poland
Authors: Jankowski Krzysztof Józef , Sokólski Mateusz , Szatkowski Artur , Załuski Dariusz
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to analyze agronomic management in the production of winter oilseed rape (WOR) in different tillage systems. The field experiment (Poland, 2016–2019) had a 35–1 fractional factorial design with two replications, where five fixed factors were tested at three levels. The experimental factors were as follows. A—tillage: (A0) strip-till, (A1) low-till, (A2) conventional tillage; B—weed control: (B0) pre-emergent, (B1) foliar, (B2) sequential; C—growth regulation: (C0) none, (C1) in fall, (C2)—in fall and spring; D—rate of spring nitrogen (N) fertilizer: (D0) 160, (D1) 200, (D2) 240 kg ha−1; E—rate of spring sulfur (S) fertilizer: (E0) 0, (E1) 40, (E2) 80 kg ha−1. Seed yields were the highest in the strip-till system (5.95 Mg ha−1). The effectiveness of weed control methods varied across different tillage systems. Foliar herbicides exerted the highest yield-forming effect in the strip-till system, pre-emergent and sequential herbicides were most effective in the low-till system, and pre-emergent herbicides were most effective in the conventional tillage system. Seed yields increased up to the N rate of 200 kg ha−1. The highest N rate of 240 kg ha−1 was justified only when S was applied in spring. Sulfur significantly increased seed yields (by 17%). The results of the study indicate that low-till and strip-till systems can be viable alternatives to the conventional tillage system in WOR production.
Genome-Wide Transcriptome Profiling Reveals the Mechanisms Underlying Hepatic Metabolism under Different Raising Systems in Yak
Authors: Zhang Mengfan , Zha Xita , Ma Xiaoming , La Yongfu , Guo Xian , Chu Min , Bao Pengjia , Yan Ping , Wu Xiaoyun , Liang Chunnian
Published: February 2024

Yak meat is nutritionally superior to beef cattle but has a low fat content and is slow-growing. The liver plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism, and in order to determine whether different feeding modes affect lipid metabolism in yaks and how it is regulated, we employed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology to analyze the genome-wide differential gene expression in the liver of yaks maintained under different raising systems. A total of 1663 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (|log2FC| ≥ 0 and p-value ≤ 0.05), including 698 down-regulated and 965 up-regulated genes. According to gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analyses, these DEGs were significantly enriched in 13 GO terms and 26 pathways (p < 0.05). Some DEGs were enriched in fatty acid degradation, PPAR, PI3K-Akt, and ECM receptor pathways, which are associated with lipid metabolism. A total of 16 genes are well known to be related to lipid metabolism (e.g., APOA1, FABP1, EHHADH, FADS2, SLC27A5, ACADM, CPT1B, ACOX2, HMGCS2, PLIN5, ACAA1, IGF1, FGFR4, ALDH9A1, ECHS1, LAMA2). A total of 11 of the above genes were significantly enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway. The reliability of the transcriptomic data was verified using qRT-PCR. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms regulating yak meat quality. It shows that fattening improves the expression of genes that regulate lipid deposition in yaks and enhances meat quality. This finding will contribute to a better understanding of the various factors that determine yak meat quality and help develop strategies to improve yield and quality.
Application of Infrared Thermography in the Rehabilitation of Patients in Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Casas-Alvarado Alejandro , Ogi Asahi , Villanueva-García Dina , Martínez-Burnes Julio , Hernández-Avalos Ismael , Olmos-Hernández Adriana , Mora-Medina Patricia , Domínguez-Oliva Adriana , Mota-Rojas Daniel
Published: February 2024

Infrared Thermography (IRT) has become an assistance tool in medicine and is used to noninvasively evaluate heat elimination during and after inflammatory processes or during the recovery period. However, its application in veterinary patients undergoing physiotherapy is a field that requires deep research. This review aims to analyze the application of IRT in the monitoring of animal physiotherapy, using the thermal changes that are present in patients undergoing gait or lameness issues (e.g., inflammation, pain, increased local temperature) as a neurobiological basis. Rehabilitation techniques such as acupuncture, physical therapies, thermotherapy, photo-biomodulation, and electrostimulation have been reported to have an anti-inflammatory effect that decreases the amount of local heat production, which is heat that can be recorded with IRT. Therefore, IRT could be used as a complementary tool to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy, and it is suggested that further studies evaluate the accuracy, sensibility, and sensitivity of IRT.
Dolphin-WET—Development of a Welfare Evaluation Tool for Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) under Human Care
Authors: Baumgartner Katrin , Hüttner Tim , Clegg Isabella L. K. , Hartmann Manuel Garcia , Garcia-Párraga Daniel , Manteca Xavier , Mercera Birgitta , Monreal-Pawlowsky Tania , Pilenga Cristina , Ternes Kerstin , Tallo-Parra Oriol , Vaicekauskaite Ruta , Fersen Lorenzo von , Yon Lisa , Delfour Fabienne
Published: February 2024

Ensuring high standards of animal welfare is not only an ethical duty for zoos and aquariums, but it is also essential to achieve their conservation, education, and research goals. While for some species, animal welfare assessment frameworks are already in place, little has been done for marine animals under human care. Responding to this demand, the welfare committee of the European Association for Aquatic Mammals (EAAM) set up a group of experts on welfare science, cetacean biology, and zoo animal medicine across Europe. Their objective was to develop a comprehensive tool to evaluate the welfare of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), named Dolphin-WET. The tool encompasses 49 indicators that were either validated through peer review or management-based expertise. The first of its kind, the Dolphin-WET is a species-specific welfare assessment tool that provides a holistic approach to evaluating dolphin welfare. Inspired by Mellor’s Five Domains Model and the Welfare Quality®, its hierarchical structure allows for detailed assessments from overall welfare down to specific indicators. Through combining 37 animal-based and 12 resource-based indicators that are evaluated based on a two- or three-level scoring, the protocol offers a detailed evaluation of individual dolphins. This approach allows for regular internal monitoring and targeted welfare management, enabling caretakers to address specific welfare concerns effectively.
Anti-Listerial Activity of Bacteriocin-like Inhibitory Substance Produced by Enterococcus lactis LBM BT2 Using Alternative Medium with Sugarcane Molasses
Authors: Oliveira Taciana Freire de , Kuniyoshi Taís Mayumi , Frota Elionio Galvão , Bermúdez-Puga Sebastián , Sakaue Letícia Naomy , Cassiano Luara Lucena , Tachibana Leonardo , Piccoli Rosane Aparecida Moniz , Converti Attilio , Oliveira Ricardo Pinheiro de Souza
Published: February 2024

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that contaminates food-processing environments and persists within biofilms on equipment, thus reaching final products by cross-contamination. With the growing demand for clean-label products, the search for natural antimicrobials as biopreservants, such as bacteriocins, has shown promising potential. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-listerial action of bacteriocins produced by Enterococcus lactis LBM BT2 in an alternative medium containing sugarcane molasses (SCM). Molecular analyses were carried out to characterize the strain, including the presence of bacteriocin-related genes. In the kinetic study on SCM medium E. lactis, LBM BT2 showed biomass and bacteriocin productions similar to those observed on a sucrose-based medium (control), highlighting the potential of the sugarcane molasses as a low-cost substrate. Stability tests revealed that the molecule remained active in wide ranges of pH (4–10) and temperature (60–100 °C). Furthermore, the proteolytic treatment reduced the biomolecule’s antimicrobial activity, highlighting its proteinaceous nature. After primary purification by salting out and tangential flow filtration, the bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) showed bacteriostatic activity on suspended L. monocytogenes cells and against biofilm formation at a concentration of 0.625 mg/mL. These results demonstrate the potential of the produced BLIS as a biopreservative in the food industry.
Construction Mechanical Characteristics of TBM Pilot and Enlargement Method for Ventilation Tunnel of Wuhai Pumped Storage Power Station
Authors: Fan Chuanjun , Qin Jianmin , Wang Guixuan
Published: February 2024

Investigating the construction mechanics of a ventilation tunnel using the TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) pilot and enlargement method with reliable rock mechanics parameters ensures the safety of on-site excavation operations. Leveraging the construction project of the ventilation tunnel at the Wuhai Pumped Storage Power Station, TGP sidewall forecasting was employed to explore the geological conditions within a 50 m range of the tunnel’s side. A systematic study of the construction mechanics of the TBM pilot and enlargement method was conducted, along with corresponding construction recommendations and engineering applications. This research indicates that sidewall forecasting can supplement the deficiencies in geological exploration reports, with excavation revealing conditions consistent with the forecast. Deformation at the interface, including the arch crown and sidewall, mainly concentrates during the construction phase from the completion of full-section excavation to the beginning of expansion. As the working face advances, the upper rock mass within the ventilation tunnel outline experiences tension, with stress concentration in the shoulder and bottom corner rock masses. The plastic zone before expansion primarily concentrates within the ventilation tunnel outline, shifting to the sidewall after expansion, with the left shoulder’s plastic zone depth slightly exceeding that of the right. The proposed method effectively ensures construction safety, and the research findings have valuable implications for similar projects.
Sequential Polar Decoding with Cost Metric Threshold
Authors: Timokhin Ilya , Ivanov Fedor
Published: February 2024

Polar codes have established themselves as a cornerstone in modern error correction coding due to their capacity-achieving properties and practical implementation advantages. However, decoding polar codes remains a computationally intensive task. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to improve the decoding efficiency of polar codes by integrating the threshold-based SC-Creeper decoding algorithm, originally designed for convolutional codes. Our proposed decoder with an additional cost function seamlessly merges two established decoding paradigms, namely the stack and Fano approaches. The core idea is to leverage the strengths of both decoding techniques to strike a balance between computational efficiency and performance, with an additional method of controlling movement along a code tree. Simulations demonstrate the superiority of the proposed improved SC-Creeper decoder with tuned parameters. The improved SC-Creeper decoder achieves the performance of the CA-SCL-8 decoder in terms of high code rates and overcomes it in terms of the N=1024 code length, while simultaneously surpassing the efficiency of the traditional Fano decoding algorithm.
A Comparative Analysis of 3D Software for Modeling Fatigue Crack Growth: A Review
Authors: Alshoaibi Abdulnaser M. , Fageehi Yahya Ali
Published: February 2024

Fatigue crack growth modeling is critical for assessing structural integrity in various engineering applications. Researchers and engineers rely on 3D software tools to predict crack propagation accurately. However, choosing the right software can be challenging due to the plethora of available options. This study aimed to systematically compare and evaluate the suitability of seven prominent 3D modeling software packages for fatigue crack growth analysis in specific applications. The selected software tools, namely ABAQUS, FRANC3D, ZENCRACK, LYNX, FEMFAT, COMSOL Multiphysics, and ANSYS, were subjected to a comprehensive analysis to assess their effectiveness in accurately predicting crack propagation. Additionally, this study aimed to highlight the distinctive features and limitations associated with each software package. By conducting this systematic comparison, researchers and engineers can gain valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of these software tools, enabling them to make informed decisions when choosing the most appropriate software for their fatigue crack growth analysis needs. Such evaluations contribute to advancing the field by enhancing the understanding and utilization of these 3D modeling software packages, ultimately improving the accuracy and reliability of structural integrity assessments in relevant applications.
Validating the Use of Smart Glasses in Industrial Quality Control: A Case Study
Authors: Silva José , Coelho Pedro , Saraiva Luzia , Vaz Paulo , Martins Pedro , López-Rivero Alfonso
Published: February 2024

Effective quality control is crucial in industrial manufacturing for influencing efficiency, product dependability, and customer contentment. In the constantly changing landscape of industrial production, conventional inspection methods may fall short, prompting the need for inventive approaches to enhance precision and productivity. In this study, we investigate the application of smart glasses for real-time quality inspection during assembly processes. Our key innovation involves combining smart glasses’ video feed with a server-based image recognition system, utilizing the advanced YOLOv8 model for accurate object detection. This integration seamlessly merges mixed reality (MR) with cutting-edge computer vision algorithms, offering immediate visual feedback and significantly enhancing defect detection in terms of both speed and accuracy. Carried out in a controlled environment, our research provides a thorough evaluation of the system’s functionality and identifies potential improvements. The findings highlight that MR significantly elevates the efficiency and reliability of traditional inspection methods. The synergy of MR and computer vision opens doors for future advancements in industrial quality control, paving the way for more streamlined and dependable manufacturing ecosystems.
Comparison of Waste Biomass from Pine, Eucalyptus, and Acacia and the Biochar Elaborated Using Pyrolysis in a Simple Double Chamber Biomass Reactor
Authors: González-Prieto Óscar , Ortiz Torres Luis , Vazquez Torres Antonio
Published: February 2024

Using waste biomass is considered one of the ways to reduce climate change. Arboreal waste biomass from pine, eucalyptus, and particularly invasive plants (Acacias) would make it possible to transform this natural resource, but needs to be adjusted to current and innovative technologies. The production of high fixed carbon biochar with this biomass would improve not only environmental aspects, but also the use of currently not susceptible materials for other types of exploitation. The objective of this study is to develop biochar from three different waste biomass materials and compare their parameters with those of the original biomass. Thermochemical conversion processes were used in a simple double chamber reactor developed for this study. Temperatures between 400 and 500 °C during 280 min were achieved and allowed to transform the initial biomass in a biochar with a high content of fixed carbon. By comparing the original biomass with the final biochar through tests of humidity, density, calorific values, fixed carbon, and cationic and elemental analysis, an increase in the parameters was confirmed. Fixed carbon of 70%, 77%, and 71% with pine, acacia, and eucalyptus biomass have been obtained, respectively, with yields between 30% and 40%. The results are favorable, particularly with acacia invasive plants, and could help in their difficult silviculture management.
Optimal Fourth-Order Methods for Multiple Zeros: Design, Convergence Analysis and Applications
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Sharma Janak Raj , Jäntschi Lorentz
Published: February 2024

Nonlinear equations are frequently encountered in many areas of applied science and engineering, and they require efficient numerical methods to solve. To ensure quick and precise root approximation, this study presents derivative-free iterative methods for finding multiple zeros with an ideal fourth-order convergence rate. Furthermore, the study explores applications of the methods in both real-life and academic contexts. In particular, we examine the convergence of the methods by applying them to the problems, namely Van der Waals equation of state, Planck’s law of radiation, the Manning equation for isentropic supersonic flow and some academic problems. Numerical results reveal that the proposed derivative-free methods are more efficient and consistent than existing methods.
Trunk Injection Delivery of Biocontrol Strains of Trichoderma spp. Effectively Suppresses Nut Rot by Gnomoniopsis castaneae in Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)
Authors: Benigno Alessandra , Aglietti Chiara , Cacciola Santa Olga , Moricca Salvatore
Published: February 2024

Gnomoniopsis castaneae is responsible for brown or chalky nut rot in sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa), causing heavy reductions in nut production. Controlling it is challenging, due to its inconspicuous infections, erratic colonization of host tissues and endophytic lifestyle. Fungicides are not applicable because they are prohibited in chestnut forests and strongly discouraged in fruit chestnut groves. Trichoderma species are safe and wide-spectrum biocontrol agents (BCAs), with a variety of beneficial effects in plant protection. This study tested selected strains of T. viride, T. harzianum and T. atroviride for their ability to suppress G. castaneae. Field experiments were conducted in four chestnut groves (two test plots plus two controls) at two sites with a different microclimate. As the size of the trees were a major drawback for uniform and effective treatments, the Trichoderma strains were delivered directly by trunk injection, using the BITE® (Blade for Infusion in TrEes) endotherapic tool. The BCA application, repeated twice in two subsequent years, significantly reduced nut rot incidence, with a more marked, presumably cumulative, effect in the second year. Our data showed the tested Trichoderma strains retain great potential for the biological control of G. castaneae in chestnut groves. The exploitation of Trichoderma spp. as biopesticides is a novelty in the forestry sector and proves the benefits of these microbes in plant disease protection.
ALMS1-IT1: A Key Player in the Novel Disulfidptosis-Related LncRNA Prognostic Signature for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sun Xin-Yi , Xiao Mian , Fu Min , Gao Qian , Li Rui-Feng , Wang Jing , Li Sheng-Lin , Ge Xi-Yuan
Published: February 2024

Disulfidptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death that is induced by disulfide stress. It is closely associated with various cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the factors involved in the modulation of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) still remain unknown. In this study, we established and validated a novel risk score model composed of 11 disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs (DRLs) based on 24 DRGs in HNSCC. The results revealed strong correlations between the 11-DRL prognostic signature and clinicopathological features, immune cell infiltration, immune-related functions, and disulfidptosis-associated pathways, including NADPH and disulfide oxidoreductase activities. Furthermore, we studied and verified the involvement of ALMS1-IT1, one of the 11 model DRLs, in the disulfidptosis of HNSCC cell lines. A series of assays demonstrated that ALMS1-IT1 modulated cell death under starvation conditions in a pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)-dependent manner. Knockdown of ALMS1-IT1 inhibited the PPP, contributing to a decline in NADPH levels, which resulted in the formation of multiple intermolecular disulfide bonds between actin cytoskeleton proteins and the collapse of F-actin in the cytoplasm. Therefore, ALMS1-IT1, which is highly expressed in SLC7A11high cells, can be considered a promising therapeutic target for disulfidptosis-focused treatment strategies for cancer and other diseases.