bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of soybean farmers response on Pajale Special Efforts Implementation (UPSUS) program
Authors: Mahyuddin  , Saadah  , Darwis  , Lanuhu N , Diansari P , Anisa A , Sulili A , Wirdansyah A
Published: May 2020

Soybean self-sufficiency has been the main target of the government since 2015 along with two other food commodities, namely rice, and corn. The UPSUS Program (Special Effort) is an effort to support soy self-sufficiency. Special Efforts (UPSUS) is the Ministry of Agriculture’s leading program to improve the welfare of farmers. With the UPSUS, it is expected that soybean production will increase. This study aims to determine the response of soybean farmers to the implementation of the Pajale Special Efforts (UPSUS) program. The population of the study was 150 farmers involved in the UPSUS Pajale Program taken by purposive sampling method. Analysis of the data used to determine farmers’ responses to the Pajale Special Efforts (UPSUS) program was measured using a Likert scale and descriptive statistical analysis. The Likert scale used consists of the categories of very satisfied (5), satisfied (4), moderate (3), dissatisfied (2), very dissatisfied (1). The results of the study concluded that the response of farmers to the implementation of the Pajale Special Efforts Program (UPSUS) was included in the satisfied category (43%).
Analysis of programs of activities development of forest areas with specific objectives (KHDTK) tabo-tabo south sulawesi
Authors: Rafii A M , Restu M , Millang  , S  , Muin M
Published: May 2020

The status of a Special Allotment Forest Area (KHDTK) was obtained by the Forestry Education and Training Center of the Makassar Environmental and Forestry Education and Training Center in accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Forestry No. 041/Kpts/DJ/I/1980 on February 28, 1980 and the zoning by the Minister of Forestry No. SK.13 / Menhut-II / 2010 on January 14, 2010. The main function is to support the educational activities. Several forms of activities and utilization have been carried out in this area, including Research and Development, Nature Tourism, Environmental Services and non-timber forest products (NTFPs). Related to its main function as a means of supporting education, all the training activities, especially aspects of skills, are directed at KHDTK.Since established, KHDTK has numerous conflicts with the community. However, all existing conflicts have been acted on and a number of solutions have been made to resolve the existing problems. Regional stakeholders have managed the risks with a variety of activities, such as community empowerment, fostering the farmer groups, provision of assistance and facilitation as well as pre-emptive, preventive and repressive activities that are carried out routinely in the hope of aware the people, so that the KHDTK will receive recognition from the surrounding community.
Leadership style of farmer group leaders
Authors: Jamil M H , Lanuhu N , Busthanul N , Demmallino E B , Melinda I
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the leadership style of the head of the rice farmers group in Tugondeng Village, Herlang District, Bulukumba Regency. The sample of respondents in this study was 45 people. Data collection methods in this study were observations, interviews, and questionnaires. Data analysis methods used in this study were qualitative and quantitative methods. This research was conducted in January 2019 located in Tugondeng Village. The leadership style in Tugondeng Village is 920 (35.0%). This situation shows that the leadership style of the head of the farmer group in Tugondeng Village, Herlang District, Bulukumba Regency applies a democratic leadership style.
The dynamics of farmer groups in Tugondeng Village
Authors: Jamil M H , Lanuhu N , Busthanul N , Demmallino E B , Melinda I
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this research is to know the dynamics of rice farming groups in Tugondeng Village, Herlang Sub-District, Bulukumba District. The sample respondents in this study were adjusted to be 45 people. The method used in this study is by conducting observations, interviews and assisted by filling out questionnaires. The method used in this study is qualitative and quantitative methods. This research was conducted in January 2019 in Tugondeng Village. The dynamic level is at a score of 37.9-45 (dynamic), which is 27 respondents (56.2%) with an average score of 5. This situation shows that the level of dynamism of farmer groups in Tugondeng Village is in a dynamic classification, meaning farmer groups in the village Tugondeng succeeded in carrying out its function as a farmer group.
Leadership relations of the rice farmers’ head group with group dynamics in Tugondeng Village
Authors: Lanuhu N , Jamil H , Busthanul N , Demmallino E B , Melinda I
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the leadership of the head of the rice farmers’ group and the dynamics of the group in Tugondeng Village, Herlang District, Bulukumba Regency. The sample of respondents in this study was adjusted to 45 people. Data collection methods in this study are by conducting observations, interviews and assisted by filling out questionnaires. The data analysis method used in this study is a quantitative method using Rank Spearman analysis. This research was conducted in January 2019 in Tugondeng Village. In the results with the Rank Spearman analysis method obtained figures below 0.05, then HO is rejected or there is a significant relationship between leadership style with group dynamics.
Study of snack bar combination of banana flour (Musa paradisiaca) and mung bean flour blending as emergency food
Authors: Mahendradatta M , Laga A , Nurhisna N I U
Published: May 2020

The condition where refugees cannot fulfilling their food needs increases the need for emergency food production which is ready to consume. Emergency food can be design as a snack bar that can be produced using blended flour of banana, mung beans, and mung bean sprouts. The purposes of this study were to determine the best formulation of the snack bar and to determine the adequacy of snack bar nutrition content with nutritional adequacy rates per day. This study consists of two stages, first, the determination of the three best formulations from five formulations that have been made through organoleptic testing. The second stage was to determine the nutritional profile from the results of the first phase of research with observational parameters. Based on the organoleptic test results, and make the nutritional profile test results from 3 treatments were respectively water content (5.1%, 5.26%, 5.07%), ash content (2.53%, 2.59%, 2.69%), protein content (9.49%, 9.14%, 8.99%), fat content (19.56%, 19.38%, 19.34%) carbohydrate levels (63.33%, 63.62%, 63.92%), fiber content (1.35%, 1.44%, 1.48%), while for consecutive calorie calculation results (707.99 Cal, 708.59 Cal and 710.6 Cal).The conclusion is Snack bar can fulfill nutritional adequacy rates per day.
Effect of canopy cover level on solar radiation for conservation plant photosynthesis under the stand of cocoa plants
Authors: Suhardi  , Sapsal M T , Sjahril R , Samsuar
Published: May 2020

Land degradation, which is caused by erosion, is one of the causes of the decline in the quality of cocoa plants. Vegetative soil conservation technology is one of the solutions to soil conservation on land that already has plants. The obstacle to conservation plant cultivation is its existence under the stand of plants so that solar radiation is limited for photosynthesis. This study aims to determine the level of canopy cover that can pass solar radiation for photosynthesis in conservation plants under the stand of cocoa plants. Retrieval of canopy cover data obtained through direct measurement using photo images and processed using MATLAB Image Processing Toolbox with closure approach. Solar radiation measured using the NHGH09BU Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) sensor. The sensor is connected to the Arduino UNO microcontroller module. The results showed that the smaller the canopy cover, the duration of radiation that can support photosynthesis is longer. Likewise, the total active radiation for photosynthesis is inversely proportional to the percentage of canopy closure, which is the effect of the duration of active radiation. Radiation above 300 Watt/m2 occurs between 10.30 AM - 01.00 PM with the highest value 483 Watt/m2 which occurs at 11.00 AM. Total solar energy is inversely proportional to the percentage of canopy closure and is a linear relationship with R2> 0.9.
Evaluation of land suitability for coffee plants based on fuzzy logic in Enrekang district
Authors: Nurfadila J S , Baja S , Neswati R , Rukmana D
Published: May 2020

Ecological perspective is important in agriculture, because sustainable agriculture is based on cultivation practices that do not deviate from natural systems. In an ecological perspective, agriculture is based on differences in climate, soil properties, soil morphology that requires different management and processing of agriculture between regions. Research was conducted in Enrekang district with reference to 18 Land systems. This study aimed to assess the land suitability for coffee plants based on geographic information systems using a fuzzy logic approach. Primary data as evaluation criteria were divided into three main components; for potential land erosion, potential flooding and soil profile. Land cover was considered as well. In fuzzy analysis, the value of land attributes was converted to sustainable values (ranging from 0 to 1.0) according the class limits determined based on experience and standard conventional. There was distribution of land suitability for coffee plants in Enrekang district. 65% of the area had the potential to develop coffee plants. The main limiting factor in the development of coffee plants in the study area was the erosion potential, especially the slope.
Ecological spatial modeling for land use optimization for Zea mays L. in Patilangio Sub district, Randangan District, Pohuwato Regency, Gorontalo Province
Authors: Bagu Fitria S
Published: May 2020

This research was conducted at Pohuwato District in Randangan Sub District. The aims of this study are to assess the physical characteristic of ecological, land cover, land use, and land capacity to support the maize cultivation; to analyze the land capability, land sustainability, and the carrying capacity of land to support the system of maize cultivation; lastly is to spatial analyzes the ecology for maize land use optimization. The method for land evaluation was analyzed based on a land unit basis. Samples for the study site stratified with random sampling that determined by considering the land units (slope, landform, and land use). The samples of respondents was carried out for economics and social data that performed by the accidental method. The data of optimization land use was obtained from the map of RBI, map of administration, the map of land unit, and product LCLP analysis. The land carrying capacity and the land population pressure data was carried out based on the map of RBI, the map of administration, and the secondary data. The soil sampling was conducted at 3 locations. Land cover, land capability, land sustainability, land carrying capacity, and production was analyzed by using spatial analysis through GIS. Descriptive analysis was done for the social economic and stakeholder population data. The results show that the existing land (OPT) in the one Randangan Sub District of Pohuwato is classified as low category optimization (L). Where the OPT (L) = f (KL(III, IV) + KS (S3,N1) + DDL (L) + P (L) + TP (L). A strategy that can be done to optimize this low classified region are by converting some land of plant oil palm plantations that have categorizing in a high (H) and medium (M) class land capability for maize.
Analysis of climate and population dynamics of Conomoporpha cramerella pest in North Luwu
Authors: Zul F , Kaimuddin  , Rafiuddin
Published: May 2020

Indonesia is one of the most widely grown cocoa growing countries in the world and is the third largest cocoa producing country after Ivory Coast and Ghana. Cocoa is a plant that is not native to Indonesia but is able to adapt and grow well in Indonesia. Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system created to facilitate mapping by using structured data by setting spatial or geographical coordinates in utilizing and planning land use. Decrease in yields on cocoa is partly due to Cocoa Fruit Borer (CPB) (Conomoporpha cramerella Snellen). There is a very close relationship between local climatic conditions and the dynamics of pest populations, especially the factors of temperature, humidity, and altitude. The lowest percentage for mild attacks of CPB pests over the past 5 years ignoring missing data is in April 2014, 2015 and 2016 was 15.30%. Whereas the highest percentage of severe CPB pests in the last five years was in February 2015 which was 88.09%. Controlling the CPB pests can be done by using CPB pest resistant clones as well as improving plant maintenance management.
Diversity of microbes in organic and non-organic vegetable ecosystem
Authors: Sylvia S , Rahim H , Surapati U , Rosmana A , Dewi V S
Published: May 2020

This study aims to determine microorganisms in organically managed land. The study was conducted in the organic land and non-organic farmer’s land in Makassar and continued at the Disease Sciences laboratory, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin. The stages of the study consisted of soil sampling and 10 grams were taken to be diluted into 90 ml of sterile water, then a 10-3 dilution was carried out. The results of the dilution are taken 1ml each and then poured into the PDA media. The fungus that grows is purified on PDA media while bacteria on NA media, then identified. The results showed that in organic vegetable fields more fungi isolates were found (6 isolates): Gliocladium sp, Rhizoctonia sp, Aspergillus sp and two other isolates were unknown and gram-positive bacteria were found while non-organic was found five fungus isolates, Scopulariopsis sp., Verticillium sp., Fusarium sp., Gliocladium sp, Percentage of inhibition of fungi from organic vegetable fields ranged from 33.3 to 100% while non-organic lands 16.7 to 66.7%.
Growth test and production of several local upland rice varieties in Gorontalo Province
Authors: Darmawan M , Sjahril R , Riadi M , Asmuliani R , Khairun A , Pertiwi Erse D.
Published: May 2020

Gorontalo province is one of the provinces that have a large source of genetic diversity in local rice, especially upland rice. The low productivity and the less available of seed at the farmer level causes a lack of interest in developing upland rice. The main constraints of rice cultivation on these areas is drought and pest and disease attacks. Then the need for the development of local varieties to obtain new superior rice varieties is necessary. The purpose of this study is to look at the potential for growth and production of Gorontalo local rice that can be expected to be used to improve genetic resources that are genotyping amphibians. The research method used a Randomized Block Design in testing three local rice cultivars. Cultivars used were, Maraya, Bukungo, and Ponda. Each treatment was repeated three times resulted in nine experimental units would be obtained. The results show that the Ponda variety showed the highest results compared to other treatments on plant height parameter. Based on LSD tests shows that the number of tillers in each variety is significantly different. Ponda variety shows the highest number of tillers compared to other local rice varieties.
Leaf growth character of sago palm based on sucker weight at the rosette stage
Authors: Nurnawati A A , Haring F , Osozawa K , Dungga N E
Published: May 2020

The study aimed to obtain suitable sucker recommendation for good growth and development of sago plant in the field and to determine the leaf growth characters based on sucker weight at the rosette stage. The research was conducted at Sago Plantation Site located in Pembuniang Village, West Malangke Sub-district, North Luwu Regency from September to December 2017. The first observation was made at 16-month after sucker transplanting in September 2017, the second in November 2017. To determine statistical differences between the sucker weight of 1-3 kg and 3-6 kg, T-Test (Independent Sample T-Test) was used and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to determine the relationship between the leaf growth characters. The results show the suckers with weight of 3-6 kg grow better than that of 1-3 kg as indicated by the number, width and length of the leaflets, and the number of leaves and rachis length. Sucker with 3-6 kg weight have a closer relationship between variables.
Selection of purification and formation of double haploid Toraja endemic black rice through anther culture
Authors: Haring F , Rantetandung S , Riadi M , Rafiuddin  , Sjahril R
Published: May 2020

To maximize the potential of Ko’bo, plant breeding was involved to produce the identic color of rice grains, which is full black. Anther culture is a method that is considered effective in plant breeding. This study aimed to find the most suitable combination of growth regulators in the calli induction of Ko’bo rice anther and observe the calli growth response in a regeneration medium. Calli induction experiment used N6 medium with a combination of auxin (2,4-D 1-3 mg L−1) and cytokinin (kinetin 0.5-1 mg L−1 and BAP 0.5-1 mg L−1). Calli regenerated in MS medium, added with 0.5 mg NAA L−1 + kinetin 0.5 mg L−1+ BAP 1.5 mg L−1. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design. The experimental unit was a petri dish, containing ± 250 anthers. The highest calli induction was 13.33%, obtained from a combination of 2,4-D 3.0 mg L−1 + kinetin 1.0 mg L−1. All regenerated plantlets were albino.
The effects of colchicine concentration and soaking time on formation of leaves and roots of katokkon (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) in vitro
Authors: Kasmiati  , Sjahril R , Riadi M , Ridwan I , Trisnawaty AR
Published: May 2020

Katokkon chili is a plant of the Solanaceae family which has a unique characteristic of fruit shape, spiciness level and also has a sweet taste. In addition, it is a diploid plant with 12 pairs of chromosomes (2n=24). Quality improvement and production of katokkon chili can be done by doubling the chromosomes. This research aimed to study the effect of several concentrations and time of immersion of colchicine on the buds of the katokkon chili shoots. Research activity was carried out by soaking the buds of the katokkon at several concentrations of colchicine (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%) for some immersion times (1.5 hours, 3 hours and 4.5 hours) resulted in a total of 12 treatment combinations and 1 control. The shoots were grown in vitro on MS media until the roots and leaves grow. The characters observed were the formation of roots and leaves which were then compared to controls. The results show that the concentrations of colchicine (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%) had a negative effect on the katokkon chili which was characterized by no leaf formation as in control plants (0%). The application of colchicine did not affect root formation, it can be seen from the emergence of roots in shoots which are induced by colchicine similar to control plants without colchicine treatment.
Response of kale (Brassica alboglabra L.) to various planting media and application of liquid inorganic nutrition in DWC (deep water culture) hydroponic systems
Authors: Yanti C W B , Dermawan R , Nafsi N S , Rafiuddin  , Bahrun A H , Mollah A , Arafat A
Published: May 2020

Kale is one type of leaf vegetables that has a high nutritional content and is in demand by the community, hence has a high selling value. The purpose of this study was to investigate and determine the effect of liquid inorganic nutrients and various planting media in the hydroponic system on the growth and production of kale (Brassica alboglabra L.) plants. The research was conducted from May to July 2017 in Manggala District, Makassar. The trial was set based on split plot design with two factors, liquid inorganic nutrition and various planting media. The main plot was nutrition which consisted of two types, namely AB-Mix nutrition and R-Mix nutrition. Subplot was planting medium with seven treatment combinations namely sand, burnt husk, cocopeat, combination of sand + burnt husk, sand + cocopeat, burnt husk + cocopeat, and sand + burnt husk + cocopeat. The results show that there was a significant interaction between the sand planting media and the R-Mix nutrition which produced the highest average of chlorophyll content (6.57 mg/g). The combination of burnt husk and cocopeat growing media gave yields that tended to be higher compared to other planting media. The R-Mix nutrient treatment gave a higher yield compared to other nutrients in the total chlorophyll observation (6.03 mg/g).
Growth and production of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) on the application of Trichoderma sp. and Azolla liquid organic fertilizer
Authors: Dungga N E , Syaiful S A , Alfiani A , Amin A R , Dachlan A , Sahur A , Dermawan R , Idris A I
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to determine the response of the application Trichoderma sp. and Azolla as liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and production of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) plants. The study was conducted in Panyili Village, Palakka District, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province, from October to December 2017. The research was conducted in the form of an experiment using a split plot design. Two levels of Trichoderma sp. application were set as main plots consisted of control and application of 4 g per plant Trichoderma asperellum. Application of Azolla as liquid fertilizer was set as sub plot with five doses, namely control, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 ml L−1. The results show that application of Trichoderma asperellum 4 g per plant showed the best results on the number of leaves 70 days after planting (DAP) (272.22 leaves). Azolla liquid organic fertilizer (75 ml L−1) resulted in the highest production per plot at harvest period of I-III (1.28 kg/m2), production per hectare at harvest period of I-III (4.27 tons ha−1). The interaction between Trichoderma asperellum 4 g plant−1 with a dose of Azolla liquid organic fertilizer of 75 ml L−1 showed the lowest attack intensity of aphids (10%).
Growth and production of Katokkon (Capsicum chinense Jacq) chili plants in lowland applied with gibberellins and liquid organic fertilizer
Authors: Kasim N , Panggula N D P , Haring F , Ulfa F , Dachlan A , Widiayani N , Yulsan D
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to determine the growth and production of katokkon chili plants (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) in the application of gibberellins and liquid organic fertilizer. This research was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar from May to October 2017. The research was conducted in the form of a two-factors factorial experiment. The first factor was gibberellins consisted of four levels namely 0 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm and 75 ppm, and the second factor was liquid organic fertilizer consisted of three levels of 25 ml L−1, 50 ml L−1 and 75 ml L−1 with three replications. Results of the study show that application of gibberellins on the local chili plant of katokkon interacted with liquid organic fertilizer improved the vegetative growth of the plant. Gibberellin also significantly affected the production parameters of the local chili plant. The fruit weight per plant and per hectare decreased with the increased of gibberellin dosages. No significant effect of the use of liquid organic fertilizer found, however, the treatment of 75 ml L−1 showed better results in several research parameters.
Integrated model of local resource management for agriculture and poultry husbandry in rural area: A service learning program in Sidrap Regency Indonesia
Authors: Ridwan I , Yassi A , Budiman  , Hasan M , Wulandari D , Hamdayanty H , Juita N , Amiruddin A , Galib M
Published: May 2020

The service learning program is one of the partnership activities to contribute significantly to the university’s role for the community, industry, local government and community groups who want to be economically and socially independent. This program offers a solution to solve problems by conducting partnership activities between institutions, local government and the community. One of the solutions from the low productivity of farmers from rainfed lowland agriculture and poultry husbandry is to increase farmers’ knowledge and skills through the application of science and technology both in the production stage and post-harvest processing. Therefore, the concept of “petik, olah, jual” (harvest, process, sell) can be implemented well. The paper described the implementation of service learning conducted by students of Universitas Hasanuddin in one of poor villages in Sidrap Regency. With the implementation of science and technology, the goal of community empowerment in the context of poverty alleviation through local resource management is expected to be achieved.
The role of soil minerals in red and black Vertisol in Jeneponto Regency
Authors: Juita Nirmala , Iskandar  , Sudarsono
Published: May 2020

Vertisol is one type of soil that is found with various colour variations. Various factors that influence these colour variations are topography, parent rock, organic matter and iron oxide and manganese. The research was conducted in the Jeneponto Regency by purposive sampling based on the colour of the soil to be investigated. The results of this study indicate that clay minerals are quite influential in the colour of the soil. Iron oxide minerals such as Goethite, Hematite and Halloysite are often found in red soils, indicating that the soil has undergone further weathering. However, Vertisol can not be said to have experienced weathering further, because it is still found perishable minerals such as Calcite and Sanidin, so Vertisol with color variations is indicated to have experienced early development. The red colour on Vertisol was influenced by iron oxide minerals such as Goethite, Hematite and Halloysite and the slopes ranging from 8-15% so that washing is indicated which makes montmorillonite unstable and turn into other minerals. While the black colour on Vertisol was indicated by a flat slope so that intensive washing does not occur.
Inventory of arthropoda in endophytic hybrid corn plants (Variety Mr14 x Variety Nei9008)
Authors: Daud I D , Nurariaty A , Rasmi
Published: May 2020

Development of endophytic corn-seeds is a method of maintaining a high yield since the seed escapes from pest and disease infestation. Mr14 varieties and Nei9008 varieties have advantages such as resistant to downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis L), leaf rust disease (P. sorgi), leaf blight (Helminthosporium maydis), have high yield potential, drought tolerant, root and stem resistance and are recommended planting in the dry season in paddy fields or dry land. Arthropods are one of the pests that often attack corn plants. This study aims to determine the type of arthropods found in endophytic plants.The results showed that in endophytic hybrid corn area (Variety Mr14 x Variety Nei9008) found 28 types of arthropods. Arthropods that are most commonly found on land are black beetles (Coleoptera order) of 194 tails. From arthropods found in corn plantations, there are several Arthropods that act as pests, as predators, and as parasitoids. Diversity index is moderate.
Effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana Vuill. isolate on various culture media and its pathogenicity against Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Daud I D , Gassa A , Rizwaldy A
Published: May 2020

One of the selected microbes that has been widely used for production of bioinsecticides is B. bassiana. The fungus is very effective in suppressing larvae of pest insects Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. However, data on the potential of B. bassiana as bioinsecticides against Coleoptera are not widely available in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of B. bassiana against warehouse pests from Coleoptera Tribolium castaneum. Culture of B. bassiana on Potato Dextrose Agar media was propagated on corn media, corn liquid media, PDA media, and rice media. Tribolium castaneum test insects are derived from the remains of rice mills and then kept until imago lay eggs and have a uniform age. Then B. Bassiana was applied to Tribolium castaneum. Observations were made every 24 hours on the mortality of Tribolium castaneum. The results showed that rice media is the best media used for propagation of Beauveria bassiana when viewed from spore density where the average spore density is 12.53 X 106. The fungus isolates that were propagated using liquid corn media, rice media, and corn media were the best isolates that could be used to kill T. castaneum pest in warehouse.
Molecular identification of bacteria causing grain rot disease on rice
Authors: Aflaha I , J Chairul A , Baharuddin  , Kuswinanti T
Published: May 2020

Bacterial grain rot disease on rice plantation is a new disease in Indonesia. The disease become a big threat for formers in Indonesia because it causes high losses and no effective means of control has yet been found. This study was aimed to identify the causal agent of grain rot disease by PCR technique using specific B. glumae primers (1418S and 1418A) in 17 bacterial isolates obtained from several regions and rice varieties. Stages of the used method include extraction and amplification of DNA and continued with secuencing. The secencing result were processed using the BLAST program and compared with NCBI data for phylogenetic analysis. All isolates tested were morphological and physiological testing before. The amplification result showed that all 17 isolates tested produced DNA band in the size of ± 571 bp. These results indicated that all test isolates were classified as B.glumae. 4 of the isolates that had their DNA bases sequenced were then confirmed in the BLAST program from NCBI with results that showed that B.glumae isolates were found to have values homology 98-99% with Burkholderia glumae LMG 2196 = ATCC 33617 in Genebank.
The effect of agricultural technology-based counseling on rice farmers’ knowledge in Manjalling Village, Ujung Loe District, Bulukumba Regency
Authors: Nurdin Z , Hazairin  , Baja S , Arif S
Published: May 2020

The Effect of Agricultural Technology-Based Counseling on Rice Farmers’ Knowledge in Manjalling Village, Ujung Loe District, Bulukumba Regency. This study aimed to determine the effect of agricultural technology-based counseling on farmers’ knowledge in Manjalling Village, Ujungloe District, Bulukumba Regency. Determination of the sample using the method of simple random sampling (sampling with a simple random), the researchers chose randomly from the population who do not know how to use technology that was 174 farmers, and the research sample was 15% so the sample taken as many as 25 farmers. Data collection methods used observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using qualitative analysis and simple linear regression. Based on the results of research conducted it can be concluded that the R square value indicated that technology-based counseling had an effect of 0.543, this states that technology-based counseling affected the knowledge of rice farmers by 54.3%. This proves that the effect of technology-based counseling on rice farmers’ knowledge in the medium category and the remaining 45.70% is explained by other factors or variables that are not known and are not included in this regression analysis.
Study of neutron moderation properties of liquid moderators in room and cryogenics temperature
Authors: Azmi Danial Zikri , Yahya Mohd-Syukri , Hamid Nasri A. , Idris Faridah Mohamad , Murshidi Julie Adrianny , Azman Azraf , Mohamed Abdul Aziz
Published: May 2020

Neutron moderation is crucial to sustain the chain reactions in a nuclear fission reactor. To understand further basic characteristics of neutron moderation, this research investigated fundamental moderating properties of liquid moderators typically used in modern power reactors, namely water and salt solution. Specifically, we employed a small angle neutron scattering (SANS) technique at beam-port number 4 of Malaysia’s PUSPATI TRIGA Reactor to study moderating characteristics of the liquid moderators at both room and cryogenic temperatures. To achieve cryogenic temperatures, a leakage-proof liquid sample holder was placed in a cryostat cooled by liquid nitrogen. Moderated and unmoderated neutron spectra were collected using Microspec-6 for analysis, which clearly shows that peak neutron counts dropped at cryogenic from room temperatures.
Radiation safety based on the sky shine effect in reactor
Authors: Nasir Nur Nadia , Kalillah Mahyuddin Siti Nor , Othman Siti Amira
Published: May 2020

In the reactor operation, neutrons and gamma rays are the most dominant radiation. As protection, lead and concrete shields are built around the reactor. However, the radiation can penetrate the water shielding inside the reactor pool. This incident leads to the occurrence of sky shine where a physical phenomenon of nuclear radiation sources was transmitted panoramic that extends to the environment. The effect of this phenomenon is caused by the fallout radiation into the surrounding area which causes the radiation dose to increase. High doses of exposure cause a person to have stochastic effects or deterministic effects. Therefore, this study was conducted to measure the radiation dose from sky shine effect that scattered around the reactor at different distances and different height above the reactor platform. In this paper, the analysis of the radiation dose of sky shine effect was measured using the experimental method.
Effects of the cap layer on the properties of AlN barrier HEMT grown on 6-inch Si(111) substrate
Authors: Xia Yuanyang , Zhu Youhua , Liu Chunhua , Wei Hongyuan , Zhang Tingting , Lee Yeeheng , Zhu Tinggang , wang Meiyu , Yi Li , Ge Mei
Published: May 2020

A series of AlN/GaN heterostructures were grown on 150 mm Si substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Different cap layer structures, including gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon nitride (SiNx), were used to passivate the heterostructure surface. A 3.5 nm thick SiNx cap is able to maintain the two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) stability in a long period. An AlN/GaN heterostructure with a 4.5 nm thick AlN barrier exhibits the best 2DEG properties, in terms of sheet resistance, carrier mobility and stability. The carrier mobility of the 2DEG can be enhanced by a combination of SiNx and GaN cap layers to over 1400 cm2/Vs.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of zinc matrix composites reinforced with copper coated multiwall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ao Hongmei , Peng Shanshan , Zhang Zongkui , Liu Yuan , Dai Qianfei , Han Yan , Zhao Fei
Published: May 2020

Zinc alloy has been considered as a promising candidate for orthopedic implants due to its suitable degradation rate and good biocompatibility. However, its mechanical properties still have to be optimized. Metal matrix composites (MMC) are an effective way to improve the mechanical properties of zinc alloy. In this study, pure zinc as matrix, Cu-coated multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as reinforcement, and MWCNTs/Zn composites were successfully prepared by combining the use of electroless deposition (ED), spark plasma sintering (SPS), and hot-rolling techniques. The results show that MWCNTs are uniformly dispersed in the zinc matrix and a tight interface is formed between the MWCNTs and the zinc matrix. As the content of the MWCNTs increases, the mechanical properties of the MWCNTs/Zn composites gradually increase. The Cu-coated MWCNTs/Zn composites have higher mechanical properties than uncoated Cu. 3 vol% Cu-coated MWCNTs/Zn composite has a highest ultimate tensile strength of 281 MPa, but the elongation is only 4%. Load transfer effect and fine grain strengthening are two main strengthening mechanisms of MWCNTs/Zn composites. This research provides a new method for the design and preparation of MWCNTs/Zn composites.
Crystalline phase engineering in WO3/g-C3N4 composites for improved photocatalytic performance under visible light
Authors: Liang Junmei , Li Yuhui , Zhang Jing , Li Chun , Yang Xia , Chen Xuebing , Wang Fangfang , Chen Changdong
Published: May 2020

The photocatalytic performance of a semiconductor material is significantly related to its crystalline phase, thus, crystalline phase engineering is of importance for designing the semiconductor composites fabricated between two semiconductor materials. In this work, WO3/g-C3N4 composites was taken as an example, we designed and prepared the WO3/g-C3N4 composites with different crystalline phases of WO3. The important role of the crystalline phase of WO3, which is hexagonal phase (h-WO3), monoclinic phase (m-WO3), and mixed phases of h-WO3 and m-WO3 on the morphology, photoabsorption property, charge separation efficiency, and photocatalytic activity of the WO3/g-C3N4 composites were systematically investigated. By evaluating the photocatalytic degradation of RhB, it is found that the highest photocatalytic activity was achieved by WO3/g-C3N4 with 25 wt% h-WO3 and 75% g-C3N4 (H1G3). The enhanced photocatalytic performance of H1G3 was mainly attributed to the improvement in the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, which was confirmed by surface photovoltage results. Our work sheds a light on the design of composite photocatalysts based on semiconductor oxides.
BAF facilitates interphase nuclear membrane repair through recruitment of nuclear transmembrane proteins
Authors: Young Alexandra M. , Gunn Amanda L. , Hatch Emily M.
Published: May 2020

Nuclear membrane rupture occurs during interphase in a variety of cell contexts, but how the membrane repairs remains poorly understood. Here we show that the nuclear envelope (NE) protein barrier-to-autointegration factor facilitates membrane repair by recruiting transmembrane NE proteins to rupture sites.
Cytoplasmic streaming drifts the polarity cue and enables posteriorization of theCaenorhabditis eleganszygote at the side opposite of sperm entry
Authors: Kimura Kenji , Kimura Akatsuki
Published: May 2020

The polarity cue moves before polarity establishment through a stochastic cytoplasmic streaming in C. elegans zygotes.
Comparative morphology of the humerus in forward-burrowing frogs
Authors: Keeffe Rachel , Blackburn David C
Published: May 2020

Burrowing is one of the many locomotor modes of frogs (order Anura) and is found within many clades. Burrowing is generally categorized into two groups: forward-burrowing and backward-burrowing. While forward-burrowing is more rare than backward-burrowing, we show that it has evolved independently at least eight times across anurans and is correlated with distinct features of the external and internal anatomy. The shape of the humerus is especially important for forward-burrowing, as many species use their forelimbs for digging. Using X-ray computed tomography data, we characterize shape variation in the humerus, including three-dimensional (3D) morphometrics, assess the morphology of muscles related to this variation in the humerus, and discuss the mechanical and evolutionary consequences of our results. We show that the humeri of most forward-burrowing frogs are morphologically distinct from those of non-forward-burrowers, including features such as a curved and thick diaphysis, the presence of a pronounced ventral crest, and relatively large epicondyles and humeral head. Our findings also suggest that pectoral muscle anatomy differs substantially among burrowing modes in frogs. This work provides a framework for predicting locomotor modes in taxa for which the natural history is poorly known as well as extinct taxa.
The Social Production of Internet Space: Affordance, Programming, and Virtuality
Authors: Proctor Devin
Published: May 2020

The Internet has always been understood through spatial terminology—cyberspace, web addresses, sites, domains—but this article argues for moving beyond the metaphors to recognize the Internet as an embodied and socially-produced digital space. Building from a Lefebvrian framework of perceived, conceived, and lived spaces, the article proposes a new model for examining Internet social space, featuring three co-productive spaces: a space of affordance, a space of programming, and a space of virtuality. While our interaction with Internet social space is enabled through affordances, these actions are constrained by the limitations of the Internet's underlying programming. It is possible to subvert this power dynamic through tactical action when we realize that—unlike the spaces of affordance and programming—the space of virtuality is not tethered to any specific program or paradigm, but rather exists across platforms.
Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 patients: a case series of a rare complication
Authors: Volpi Sara , Ali Jason M , Suleman Alishah , Ahmed Rahim Nadeem
Published: May 2020

Pneumomediastinum is a rare clinical finding, but one which can be the source of significant concern for clinicians. By presenting 3 such cases, we highlight that pneumomediastinum can complicate the course of a severe coronavirus disease 2019 infection but emphasize that conservative management is the first-line method of treatment, with gradual resorption of the air from the tissues. It is important to be alert to the development of pneumothorax, which will require drainage.
Randomized trials of invasive cardiovascular interventions that include a placebo control: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lauder Lucas , da Costa Bruno R , Ewen Sebastian , Scholz Sean S , Wijns William , Lüscher Thomas F , Serruys Patrick W , Edelman Elazer R , Capodanno Davide , Böhm Michael , Jüni Peter , Mahfoud Felix
Published: May 2020

Aims

The difference in the benefit of invasive cardiovascular interventions compared with placebo controls has not been analysed systematically.

Methods and results

MEDLINE and Web of Science were searched through 29 March 2020. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials of invasive cardiovascular interventions (including catheter-based interventions and pacemaker-like devices) investigating predefined primary outcomes were included. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and odds ratios were calculated for continuous and dichotomous outcomes, respectively. Meta-regression analyses were performed to assess whether estimates of treatment effects were associated with methodological characteristics of trials. Thirty trials, including 4102 patients, were analysed. The overall risk of bias was judged to be low in only 43% of the trials. Ten trials (33%) demonstrated statistically significant superiority of invasive interventions over placebo controls for the respective predefined primary outcomes. In almost half of the 16 trials investigating continuous predefined primary outcomes, the SMD between the active and placebo procedure indicated a small (n = 4) to moderate (n = 3) treatment effect of active treatment over placebo. In contrast, one trial indicated a small treatment effect in favour of the placebo procedure. In the remaining trials, there was no relevant treatment effect of active treatment over placebo. In trials with a protocol-mandated stable and symmetrical use of co-interventions, the superiority of active procedures vs. invasive placebo procedures was significantly larger as compared with trials with frequent or unbalanced changes in co-interventions (P for interaction 0.027).

Conclusions

The additional treatment effect of invasive cardiovascular interventions compared with placebo controls was small in most trials.
Current state of scientific evidence on Internet-based interventions for the treatment of depression, anxiety, eating disorders and substance abuse: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Taylor C Barr , Graham Andrea K , Flatt Rachael E , Waldherr Karin , Fitzsimmons-Craft Ellen E
Published: May 2020

Background

ICare represents a consortium of European Investigators examining the effects of online mental health care for a variety of common mental health disorders provided in a variety of settings. This article provides an overview of the evidence of effectiveness for Internet-based treatment for four common mental health disorders that are the focus of much of this work: depression, anxiety, substance abuse and eating disorders.

Methods

The overview focused primarily on systematic reviews and meta-analyses identified through PubMed (Ovid) and other databases and published in English. Given the large number of reviews specific to depression, anxiety, substance abuse and/or eating disorders, we did not focus on reviews that examined the effects of Internet-based interventions on mental health disorders in general. Each article was reviewed and summarized by one of the senior authors, and this review was then reviewed by the other senior authors. We did not address issues of prevention, cost-effectiveness, implementation or dissemination, as these are addressed in other reviews in this supplement.

Results

Across Internet-based intervention studies addressing depression, anxiety, substance abuse and eating disorders primarily among adults, almost all reviews and meta-analyses found that these interventions successfully reduce symptoms and are efficacious treatments. Generally, effect sizes for Internet-based interventions treating eating disorders and substance abuse are lower compared with interventions for depression and anxiety.

Conclusions

Given the effectiveness of Internet-based interventions to reduce symptoms of these common mental health disorders, efforts are needed to examine issues of how they can be best disseminated and implemented in a variety of health care and other settings.
Analysis of bacterial and archaeal communities associated with Fogo volcanic soils of different ages
Authors: Biderre-Petit Corinne , Hochart Corentin , Gardon Hélène , Dugat-Bony Eric , Terrat Sébastien , Jouan-Dufournel Isabelle , Paris Raphaël
Published: May 2020

Basaltic rocks play a significant role in CO2 sequestration from the atmosphere during their weathering. Moreover, the primary microorganisms that colonize them, by providing mineral elements and nutrients, are shown to promote growth of diverse heterotrophic communities and plants, therefore positively impacting Earth's long-term climate balance. However, the first steps of microbial colonization and subsequent rock weathering remain poorly understood, especially regarding microbial communities over a chronological sequence. Here, we analyzed the microbial communities inhabiting the soil developed in crevices on lava flows derived from different eruptions on Fogo Island. Investigated soils show typically low carbon and nitrogen content and are relatively similar to one another regarding their phylogenetic composition, and similar to what was recorded in large soil surveys with dominance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Moreover, our results suggest a stronger effect of the organic carbon than the lava flow age in shaping microbial communities as well as the possibility of exogenous sources of bacteria as important colonizers. Furthermore, archaea reach up to 8.4% of the total microbial community, dominated by the Soil Crenarchaeotic Group, including the ammonium-oxidizer Candidatus Nitrososphaera sp. Therefore, this group might be largely responsible for ammonia oxidation under the environmental conditions found on Fogo.