bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crecimiento y reproducción de la mojarra amarilla (Caquetaia kraussii Steindachner, 1878) en el embalse de Urrá, Colombia
Authors: Solano-Peña Delio , Segura-Guevara Fredys , Olaya-Nieto Charles
Published: April 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Evaluar los parámetros biológicos de crecimiento y reproducción de la mojarra amarilla en el embalse de Urrá. Materiales y métodos. Se colectaron 593 individuos para estudiar las relaciones talla-peso y la biología reproductiva. La relación longitud-peso y el factor de condición se estimaron con WT =a LTb y Fc =WT/LTb, y se estimó proporción sexual, tallas e índices de madurez sexual, época de desove, diámetro de los ovocitos y fecundidad. Resultados. 235 individuos fueron hembras, 212 machos, 28 indiferenciados y 118 no sexados. La relación longitud-peso para sexos combinados fue WT =0.013 (± 0.04) LT3.07 (± 0.03), r =0.99, n =593. La proporción sexual fue 1.1:1, la talla media de madurez sexual para sexos combinados fue 11.0 cm LT, el diámetro de los ovocitos fue 1376 μm y la fecundidad promedio por desove fue 1732 ovocitos. Conclusiones. La mojarra amarilla mostró crecimiento isométrico en el embalse de Urrá, con talla media de captura menor que en el resto de la cuenca del río Sinú, sin dimorfismo sexual a la talla, período de reproducción prolongado y desoves parciales, ovocitos grandes y baja fecundidad, con correlación entre el factor de condición y el índice de madurez sexual, pero independientes del nivel de las aguas del embalse.
Evaluación clínica e histopatológica de la Pythiosis cutánea en terneros del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Cardona Á José , Vargas V Marlene , González T Marco
Published: April 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Evaluar y caracterizar los aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos de la Pythiosis cutánea en terneros del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, no probabilístico en animales por conveniencia. Fueron analizados 14 terneros con Pythiosis cutánea, a los cuales se les realizó caracterización clínica e histopatológica mediante tinciones de Hematoxilina-Eosina y Grocott. Resultados. Clínicamente, los animales presentaron lesiones cutáneas ulcerativas y húmedas con abundante exudación fibrino sanguinolenta, algunas tenían superficie irregular con nodulaciones y hemorragias, así como salida en algunos casos de material caseificado blanco amarillento. Las lesiones se ubicaron en la mayoría de los casos a nivel de las partes distales de los miembros y región ventro-lateral del cuello. Histopatológicamente, en coloración de Hematoxilina-Eosina se observó múltiples piogranulomas constituidos por área central con aglomerados de eosinófilos y pocos neutrófilos rodeados por macrófagos y células gigantes (reacción de Splendore-Hoeppli). En la coloración de Grocott se evidenciaron múltiples hifas intralesionales septadas y parcialmente ramificadas en ángulo recto de color café. Conclusiones. El diagnóstico definitivo de la enfermedad se basó en la epidemiología, características macroscópicas de las lesiones y en los hallazgos histopatológicos, siendo concluyente como métodos de diagnóstico de la Pythiosis cutánea bovina.
Criptorquidectomía laparoscópica en dos perros utilizando bisturí ultrasónico
Authors: Hernández L Carlos
Published: April 2017

RESUMENTradicionalmente, los perros con testículos retenidos abdominales son remitidos para orquiectomía a través de laparotomía media ventral o paraprepucial. Sin embargo, las técnicas mínimamente invasivas realizadas a través de equipos endoscópicos, son una alternativa excelente para efectuar el procedimiento, debido a las ventajas en la reducción del trauma tisular y un menor dolor posoperatorio, además de la reducción de complicaciones posquirúrgicas entre otras ventajas. A continuación se presentan dos casos de pacientes caninos criptórquidos intervenidos quirúrgicamente mediante laparoscopia, para la extracción de los testículos retenidos en las que además se utilizó un bisturí ultrasónico. En Colombia, el desarrollo de las técnicas endoscópicas en cirugía de pequeños animales aún se encuentra muy limitado, y probablemente esta sea la primera publicación en el país acerca del uso de laparoscopia en casos de orquiectomía en pacientes con testículos retenidos en la cavidad abdominal.
Universidades colombianas. Ranking Iberoamericano SIR 2012. ¿Para donde vamos?
Authors: Mattar V Salim , González T Marco
Published: April 2017

La calidad de la educación indudablemente tiene que ser evaluada y medida. Sin embargo, al ser objeto de medición se aplican algunos criterios bibliométricos medibles que pretenden ser objetivos pero algunas veces no son del agrado en algunos sectores académicos. El fenómeno de la calidad de la educación superior es complejo y está influenciado por las diferencias sociales y económicas globales, así como también por las condiciones individuales de trabajo y presupuestales de cada universidad en particular (1,2).Las clasificaciones o rankings son criticadas por las metodologías utilizadas y también por las diferencias existentes entre las universidades del mundo. Sin embargo, aunque haya disensión entre la comunidad académica (administradores, investigadores, estudiantes), éstas clasificaciones, finalmente, son interesantes y se utilizan como una herramienta que permite orientar las estrategias a fin de aumentar la visibilidad y competitividad de las universidades (3). Las universidades, por pequeñas que sean, no pueden ignorar esta realidad en un mundo cada vez más globalizado, y por tanto, están llamadas en su conjunto a diseñar estrategias administrativas y académicas que apunten hacia la consecución de los criterios que tienen en cuenta algunos de los rankings de acuerdo con las posibilidades de acceso de cada universidad. Naturalmente, los planes y estrategias deberán estar articulados con los de Ciencia y Tecnología promulgados y financiados por los organismos responsables de este sector.
Desempeño reproductivo del bocachico Prochilodus magdalenae inducido dos veces en un mismo año
Authors: Atencio G Víctor , Kerguelén D Eduardo , Naar Elkin , Petro Robert
Published: April 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Evaluar el desempeño reproductivo del bocachico (Prochilodus magdalenae) sometido a dos inducciones hormonales con extracto pituitario de carpa (EPC) en un mismo año. Materiales y métodos. 23 hembras, en fase de maduración final, fueron inducidas con 5mg EPC/Kg de peso vivo, en dos aplicaciones, inicialmente 10% y doce horas después 90% restante. A los machos fue aplicado 80% de la dosis total de las hembras. Resultados. Después de la primera inducción hormonal, las hembras estuvieron aptas nuevamente a los 97.6±12.4 días. El índice de ovulación en ambas inducciones fue de 0.91 (21/23). La fecundidad absoluta (g-ovocitos/hembra) no presentó diferencias significativa entre la primera y segunda inducción (36.2 y 44.6 g-ovocitos/hembra, respectivamente) (p>0.05); pero cuando se expresó en número de ovocitos/hembra se observó diferencia significativa (p<0.05), siendo mayor en la primera inducción (53535 ovocitos/hembra) que en la segunda (40658 ovocitos/hembra). La fecundidad relativa, expresada tanto en g-ovocitos/Kg-hembra como ovocitos/Kg-hembra, mostraron diferencia significativa, siendo mayor en la primera inducción (p<0.05). La tasa de fecundación (73.9±19.6%) y eclosión (56.9±17.9%) fueron mayores en la primera inducción, comparadas con la segunda (55.6±21.1% y 35.6±20.7%, respectivamente) (p<0.05). Conclusiones. Después de una inducción hormonal se requiere de aproximadamente tres meses para que una hembra de bocachico alcance nuevamente la maduración final y esté apta para una nueva inducción hormonal. El índice de ovulación no fue afectado por una segunda inducción en un mismo año, pero la fecundidad absoluta y relativa puede disminuirse entre 24 y 66% y las tasas de fecundación y eclosión entre 23 y 36%.
Seroprevalence and risk factors associated to Neospora caninum in dairy cattle herds in the municipality of Pasto, Colombia
Authors: Cedeño Q Darío , Benavides B Bibiana
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective. To determine seroprevalence and risk factors associated to Neospora caninum in non-vaccinated dairy cattle against infectious agents of reproductive syndrome in the municipality of Pasto, Colombia. Materials and methods. Farms over 2527 meters over sea level were selected, a total of 238 serum samples of Holstein cows were collected and analyzed using the indirect ELISA test to determine N. caninum seropositivity. An epidemiological survey was realized in each herd which included variables related to health and management measures of cattle. A multivariate analysis of binary logistic regression was used with a confidence interval of 95% (p<0.05) using SPSS19® program. Results. The estimated prevalence of N. caninum was 76.9%. The risk factors associated to neosporosis infection in the analyzed farms are as follows: residues of abortions generally left outdoors and not buried (OR 3.81, 95% CI 1.5 - 9.6); dogs fed with leftovers (OR 15.44 IC 95% 1.94-123.22) and bulls allowed to mate with cows (OR 19.68, 95% CI 2.34 - 165.52). Conclusions. The high prevalence of N. caninum and the low abortion rate in dairy herds of the municipality of Pasto corroborated no existence of the disease in all animals serologically positive, but it did suggest that at some point in their lives they were exposed to N. caninum. From the identified risk factors in this study, recommendations can be provided for an effective control of reproductive diseases like Neosporosis present in this region.
Las proteínas del plasma seminal incrementan la viabilidad espermática post-descongelación del semen de toros Sanmartinero
Authors: Rueda A Fabián , Garcés P Tatiana , Herrera L Rocío , Arbeláez R Luis , Peña J Miguel , Velásquez P Henry , Hernández V Aureliano , Hernández V Aureliano , Cardozo C Jaime
Published: April 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la adición de proteínas del plasma seminal sobre el porcentaje de espermatozoides bovinos viables post-descongelación. Materiales y métodos. Los espermatozoides se congelaron usando dos medios (citrato-fructosa-yema y Bioxcell®) y la obtención de proteínas de plasma seminal de bajo peso molecular se realizó por medio de cromatografía líquida de baja presión. Las proteínas de interés eluyeron en las fracciones 21-25 y se sometieron a electroforésis en una y dos dimensiones. Los espermatozoides se incubaron a 37°C durante una hora, con 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 y 2.0 mg de la fracción 21-25. Se incluyeron dos tratamientos adicionales: uno con proteínas totales del plasma seminal y otro sin proteína. Resultados. La electroforésis bidimensional de las fracciones confirmó la presencia de siete puntos de proteína de bajo peso molecular (14-16 kDa y punto Isoeléctrico de 5.0 - 5.5). La adición de estas proteínas aumentó 20% (p<0.05), el porcentaje de espermatozoides viables post-descongelación en muestras congeladas en medio citrato-fructosa-yema (con dosis de 1 ó 1.5 mg de proteína/106 espermatozoides), y 25% (p<0.05) en muestras congeladas en medio Bioxcell® (con dosis de 0.5 mg de proteína/106 espermatozoides). Conclusiones. Los resultados de esta investigación sugieren el posible uso de proteínas de bajo peso molecular del plasma seminal, para disminuir el efecto deletéreo de la criopreservación en los espermatozoides
Estructura y diversidad genética en vacas Holstein de Antioquia usando un polimorfismo del gen bGH
Authors: Rincon F Juan , Lopez H Albeiro , Echeverri Z Julian
Published: April 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Determinar las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas del polimorfismo del intrón 3 del gen bGH y estimar algunos parámetros de estructura poblacional en ganado Holstein. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó con 1366 vacas Holstein en 120 hatos de 11 municipios del departamento de Antioquia. Se extrajo DNA por el método de Salting out y la genotipificación se realizó usando la técnica de PCR-RFLPs. La diversidad genética se determinó mediante la comparación de las heterocigosidades, El equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg (HW) y la diferenciación genética entre las poblaciones se realizó usando el software Arlequín 2.0 Las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas se evaluaron mediante el paquete estadístico SAS®. Resultados. Las frecuencias genotípicas encontradas fueron 0.764 (+/+), 0.223 (+/-) y 0.013 (-/-) y las frecuencias alélicas 0.876 (+) y 0.124 (-). No se encontraron desviaciones del Equilibrio de Hardy Weinberg en ninguna de las subpoblaciones. La diversidad genética determinada mediante la comparación de las heterocigosidades fue relativamente baja entre poblaciones pero al interior de estas no. El valor de FST de toda la población fue de 0.0068 y significativo (p<0.05), algunos FST pareados también lo fueron, tomando valores desde 0.0 a 0.13. Los estadísticos FIT y FIS no fueron significativos. Conclusiones. El gen bGH es un candidato interesante para evaluar características de importancia económica ya que no parece haber sido sometido a selección directa, presenta una variabilidad media en las poblaciones, observándose diferenciación genética significativa entre distintos municipios, producto de los diferentes sistemas de producción y acceso a las biotecnologías.
Análisis de las universidades colombianas de acuerdo con el ranking SCImago 2010-2012
Authors: Mattar V Salim , González T Marco , Salgado A Luis
Published: April 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Analizar la clasificación de las universidades colombianas de acuerdo con el escalafón Iberoamericano SCImago Institutions Ranking (SIR) 2012. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo que incluyó la productividad académica de cada universidad según SIR. También, se incluyeron las clasificaciones de 2010 y 2011 para analizar el progreso académico de las universidades. El análisis incluyó los siguientes indicadores: producción científica, colaboración internacional, calidad científica promedio, porcentaje de publicaciones en revistas del primer cuartil SJR y radio de excelencia. Resultados. Colombia ocupa el tercer lugar con 113 Universidades en Iberoamérica y el séptimo puesto con 7 universidades con más de 400 documentos. Sólo el 6.2% de las instituciones colombianas mantienen una producción científica competitiva frente al resto de las universidades Iberoamericanas. Las cinco primeras universidades colombianas con mayor productividad fueron: Nacional de Colombia, Antioquia, Andes, Valle y Javeriana. Las cinco primeras universidades del Caribe fueron: Norte, Cartagena, Córdoba, Magdalena y Sucre. Algunas universidades privadas como Antonio Nariño, el Bosque y la Escuela Colombiana de Ingenieria, a pesar de no estar dentro de los quince primeros puestos del pais, han hecho esfuerzos para mejorar los indicadores de calidad científica mediante publicaciones en revistas del primer cuartil y radio de excelencia. Conclusiones. Las clasificaciones que permiten comparar las IES a nivel mundial son importantes. Las IES de Colombia deben apostarle a la calidad usando al menos los cinco factores de SCImago. Aunque los rankings no obligan, ignorarlos significa autoaislamiento en un mundo cada día más globalizado
Ingreso de psittacidos al centro de atención de fauna (CAV–CVS), durante los años 2007-2009
Authors: Carrascal V Juan , Chacón P Julio , Ochoa C Vivian
Published: April 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. En este estudio se determinó la dinámica de ingresos de la familia Psittacidae al Centro de Atención y Valoración de Fauna Silvestre (CAV – CVS). Materiales y métodos. Se tomaron datos obtenidos desde el año 2007 hasta el año 2009, a los cuales se implementó análisis de frecuencias para las variables especies, tipo de ingreso y tiempo (meses y años), para la variable meses se aplicó un análisis de diferencia de medias y se presentó la relación ingreso de las especies versus los meses del año, por medio de un stripplot. Resultados. La familia Psittacidae presentó el 58% del total de aves que ingresaron al CAV producto de decomisos preventivos realizados en mercados públicos y vías del departamento de Córdoba. La especie con mayor frecuencia de ingresos fue Brotogeris jugularis, con 73.99% del total de individuos, siendo la especie que obtuvo los mayores ingresos durante todo el año. Asimismo, se encontró diferencias significativas para el ingreso por meses (X2= 26.785, gl = 11, p-valor = 0.004951). Conclusiones. Se logró determinar que la época seca, acorde con las festividades en el departamento, presentó los valores más altos de ingresos.
Síndrome de Wooblers en un caballo
Authors: Cardona Á José , Betancur H César , Alvarez P Jaime
Published: April 2017

RESUMENSe describe un caso de síndrome de Wooblers en un caballo, macho entero, de 14 años de edad, procedente del municipio de Cereté (Córdoba, Colombia). Esta patología es también conocida en equinos como mielopatía estenótica vertebral cervical (MEVC), la cual es una enfermedad del desarrollo caracterizada por estenosis del canal vertebral cervical resultando en compresión intermitente o continua de la médula espinal. A este paciente se le detectaron signos de incoordinación con tropiezos, ataxia simétrica, paresia o debilidad, espasticidad y pérdida de la propiocepción, principalmente en los miembros posteriores, por lo que se le realizó radiología cervical detectando estenosis de canal medular a nivel de la vértebra cervical C4. Estos hallazgos obedecen principalmente al síndrome de Wooblers.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Diazinon Using Titanium Oxide Synthesized by Alkaline Solvent
Authors: Usman Mohammad Rofik , Noviyanti Atiek Rostika , Eddy Diana Rakhmawaty
Published: April 2017

Photoactivity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) can be improved by turning it into nanoparticles. Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles can be done by using hydrothermal method. Hydrothermal method is influenced by types of precursor, hydrothermal conditions, including time, temperature, type and concentration of reactants. The purpose of this study is to obtain a hydrothermal condition which produces crystals of TiO2 nanoparticles with high quality. The material used was titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as initial precursors and for the type of reactants was used aqudestilate, aquabidestilate, ethanol, t-butanol, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). The resulting diffractogram showed the crystal structure of TiO2 nanoparticles with anatase and rutile. Based on calculations using the scherrer equation, TiO2 crystal obtained had a crystal size below 50 nm in both anatase and rutile. The percentage of rutile and anatase composition was obtained by using rietveld method with the help of rietica software. Morphology of TiO2 anatase showed particles with shape of cubic, while rutile was flower-shaped.
Optical Sensor for the Determination of Lead(II) Based On Immobilization of Dithizone onto Chitosan-Silica Membrane
Authors: Nur Yuspian , Rohaeti Eti , Darusman Latifah Kosim
Published: April 2017

Optical sensor based on incorporation of dithizone and chitosan-silica for the determination of lead (II) ion has been conducted. The optical sensor was made by composite of chitosan and silica in the ratio 2:1. Sol gel technique was chosen to make the membrane because it has some advantages such as its low temperature and chemical reactivity. The sensor has a good selectivity at pH 5 with response times at ± 180 s. Linearity responses was obtained with concentration range from 0.2 to 1.1 ppm with r2 = 0.9921. Average of %RSD on precision and accuracy (%PK) test were 1.46 and 100.96%, respectively. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.11 ppm and 0.37 ppm, respectively
Adsorption of β-Carotene in Isopropyl Alcohol with Decolorized Activated Carbon as Model for β-Carotene Adsorption in Crude Palm Oil
Authors: Ulfah Maria , Raharjo Sri , Hastuti Pudji , Darmadji Purnama
Published: April 2017

The objective of this research was to characterize the porosity of decolorized activated carbon (DAC) and its ability to adsorb β-carotene as a preliminary study to characterize activated carbon as an adsorbent to adsorb carotene from crude palm oil. The capability of DAC to adsorb β-carotene was studied using isopropyl alcohol as a solvent in equilibrium conditions. The adsorption time was specified for 0.5 to 60 min, while the DAC optimum concentration for adsorption of β-carotene was determined at a concentration of 0.5 to 2.5%. Adsorption isotherm study was conducted for a β-carotene concentration of 100 to 500 ppm and at temperatures of 30, 40 and 50 °C at equilibrium time and DAC optimum concentration. The results showed that the DAC had a surface area of 1068.391 m2/g, total pore volume of 0.952 cc/g, mesopore volume of 0.528 cc/g (55.4%) and mesopore radius of 15.26 Å. Based on the levels of β-carotene adsorbed onto the DAC, the equilibrium was reached after adsorption of 5 min. Decolorized activated carbon with a concentration of 1.5% was able to adsorb β-carotene optimally. Adsorption of β-carotene at 40 °C for 60 min according to Freundlich models with the intensity of adsorption of 1.002 and adsorption capacity of 63.358 L/mg. While the adsorption of β-carotene at 50 °C for 60 min in accordance with the model of Langmuir, the adsorption capacity of 33.206 mg/g and the Langmuir adsorption equilibrium constant of 1.721 L/mg.
Culturing Security System of Chemical Laboratory in Indonesia
Authors: Pusfitasari Eka Dian
Published: April 2017

Indonesia has experiences on the lack of chemical security such as: a number of bombing terrors and hazardous chemicals found in food. Bomb used in terror is a homemade bomb made from chemicals which are widely spread in the research laboratories such as a mixture of pottasium chlorate, sulphur, and alumunium. Therefore, security of chemicals should be implemented to avoid the misused of the chemicals. Although it has experienced many cases of the misuse of chemicals, and many regulations and seminars related to chemical security have been held, but the implementation of chemical security is still a new thing for Indonesian citizens. The evident is coming from the interviews conducted in this study. Questions asked in this interview/survey included: the implementation of chemical safety and chemical security in laboratory; chemical inventory system and its regulation; and training needed for chemical security implementation. Respondents were basically a researcher from Government Research Institutes, University laboratories, senior high school laboratories, and service laboratories were still ambiguous in distinguishing chemical safety and chemical security. Because of this condition, most Indonesia chemical laboratories did not totally apply chemical security system. Education is very important step to raise people awareness and address this problem. Law and regulations should be sustained by all laboratory personnel activities to avoid chemical diversion to be used for harming people and environment. The Indonesia Government could also develop practical guidelines and standards to be applied to all chemical laboratories in Indonesia. These acts can help Government’s efforts to promote chemical security best practices which usually conducted by doing seminars and workshop.
NITRIC OXIDE MEDIATED NEURODEGENERATION IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Authors: Walia Vaibhav , Kansotia Santlal
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTNitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous molecule which functions as a neurotransmitter, hormone, free radical, etc. NO has been found to regulate the releaseof neurotransmitters, synaptic transmission, cell death, etc. NO is involved in the pathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerativedisorders. NO plays a key role in cellular apoptosis and neuronal degeneration. Parkinson’ disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterizedby motor dysfunction that can be seen in the patients suffering from PD. The motor dysfunction is due to the progressive degeneration of dopaminergicneurons in mid brain. Dopamine (DA) is highly reactive molecule and is prone to the oxidation very much. The oxidation of DA is accompanied bythe production of the reactive oxygen species that activates microglia cells. Upon activation, microglia cells cause the upregulation of inducible NOsynthase, the enzyme involved in the production of NO. NO thus plays a key role in the neurodegeneration process implicated in PD. Thus, the aim ofthe present manuscript is to describe the possible role of NO in PD.Keywords: Dopamine, Neuromelanin, Nitric oxide, Parkinson.
AWARENESS, STRESS, ANXIETY, AND DEPRESSION AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS ATTENDING CARDIAC OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT IN A SUPER SPECIALTY HOSPITAL
Authors: Sharma Sushil Kumar , Sawhney Vineeta
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and its association with negative emotions may increase their risk forthe development of mental health disorders. The main objective of the study was to assess the awareness, stress, anxiety, and depression amonghypertensive patients attending cardiac outpatient department (OPD).Methods: This study was conducted in cardiac OPD of Super Speciality Hospital associated with Government Medical College, Jammu, for a period of1-month commencing from 1st October to 31 October 2015. Hypertensive patients were given a questionnaire regarding socio-demographic profile,risk factors, and awareness for high blood pressure, and prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression was assessed using a structured validatedquestionnaire DASS-21 [depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21].stResults: It was observed that most (72.5%) of the patients were aware of symptoms and its complications and regarding psychological symptomsmild to severe depressive symptoms were present in 10%, anxiety in 70%, and stress in 10% of patients.Conclusion: There is need of psychiatric evaluation and counseling in these patients and support services to be made available to these patients.Keywords: Hypertension, Awareness, Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Depression; anxiety and stress scale-21.
IN VITRO ANALYSIS OF ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS FROM ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS
Authors: Abraham Jayanthi , Chakraborthy Pritha , Chand Aakanksha , Srivastava Shagun , Yadav Ramesh , Kingsley Dannie
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant pathogens has gained the attention of pharmaceutical and scientific communities towardpotential antimicrobial agents from plant-derived sources. The present work deals with the extraction, screening, and characterization of antimicrobialcompounds from Alstonia scholaris against various pathogenic micro-organisms.Methods: The components of crude extracts obtained after soxhlet extraction of plants were characterized through thin layer chromatography(TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial effect was checked at different concentration against Bacillus subtilisMTCC 121, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Escherichia coli MTCC 43, Klebsiella pneumonia MTCC 432, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 424, andStreptococcus pyogenes MTCC 497.Results and Conclusion: A. scholaris extract showed a significant antibacterial effect against selective pathogens. The bioactive compounds wereseparated and identified by TLC and GC-MS, respectively.Keywords: Bioactive metabolites, Extraction, Bioactivity, Pathogens, Minimum inhibitory concentration.
DRUG UTILIZATION EVALUATION AND COST ANALYSIS OF ANTIEMETIC DRUGS PRESCRIBED IN ONCOLOGY WARD IN A QUATERNARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Nishita Ardeshna A , Rispa Darabadi , Harshini Y Reddy , R Srinivasan
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Drug utilization is defined by the World Health Organization as the marketing, distribution, prescription, and use of drugs in society, withspecial emphasis on the resulting medical, social, and economic consequences. Our study is done to obtain the variation of drug use and costs ofdrug therapy, from which medical and social qualitative consequences can be found. Our study emphasizes on knowing the drug utilization and costincluded for antiemetics in patients undergoing chemotherapy in oncology ward.Methods: It was observational, prospective and non-interventional study.Results: Total of 141 patients were studied, out of which 77 (54.6%) patients were female and 64 (45.4%) patients were males. The majority of thepatients in this study belong to the age group of 40-49 (29%) and 60-69 (20%) years. The comparison with the standard protocol was made accordingto the use of antiemetics in the patients. Out of which, 137 (97%) patient profiles were found to be deviating from standard protocol, and 4 (3%)patient profiles were found following the standard protocol because of including prochlorperazine which is not mentioned in the standard protocol.Conclusion: As of future approach, education to physician for rational drug use and review of medication chart with patient consideration can givebetter health care and also cost effective treatment.Keywords: Drug use evaluation, Antiemetics, Chemotherapy.
ISOLATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUND OF MICHELIA CHAMPACA L. BARK AND ITS ACTIVITY TEST USING MECHANISM-BASED YEAST BIOASSAY
Authors: Zuhrotun Ade , Suganda Asep Gana , Wirasutisna Komar Ruslan , Wibowo Marlia Singgih
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: This study aimed to isolate the active compound of Michelia champaca L. bark and test its activity using mechanism-based yeast bioassay.Methods: The bark was extracted by methanol; fractionation was done by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. Theactivity of LLE fractions was tested by mechanism-based yeast bioassay. The most active fraction was then separated by vacuum liquid chromatography,further separated by classical column chromatography and purified by recrystallization. The isolate was characterized by ultraviolet-visible, infraredspectrophotometric method, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometric method.Results: The isolation process resulted in an isolate named MCET51. Characterization data showed that MCET51 was proved as liriodenine (C)with molecular weight 275 (m/z), an aporphine alkaloid. The activity assay showed that liriodenine was active against Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain1140, 1353, and 1138 with IC12 values were 22.15±1.71, 24.76±0.56, and 7.02±1.85 µg/ml, respectively.Conclusions: It can be concluded that M. champaca L. bark contained liriodenine which was active both as topoisomerase I inhibitor andtopoisomerase II inhibitor.Keywords: Michelia champaca L., Topoisomerase inhibitor, Mechanism-based yeast bioassay, Liriodenine.17H9NO3
ESTIMATION OF SERUM COPPER AND ZINC IN ANAEMIC PATIENTS
Authors: Swaminathan Aishwarya , Parveen Sohara , V Vishnupriya , R Gayathri
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Estimation of serum zinc and copper levels in anemic patients.Methods: The study design included 30 subjects presenting to clinical laboratory, global hospitals. The subjects were divided into 2 groups. TheGroup 1 consists of 15 healthy individuals and Group 2 consists of 15 anemic patients.Results: The serum copper and zinc levels were evaluated in anemic patients. The serum copper and zinc were found to be significantly lower inanemic patients when compared with normal individuals.Conclusion: Thus, the study concludes that the serum zinc and copper in anemic patients is significantly less when compared to the control individuals.Hence, it is important to add adequate amount of zinc and copper rich food in their diet to control the prevalence of anemia.Keywords: Anemia, Zinc, Copper, Hemoglobin.
GENOTOXIC EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON HUMAN LEUKOCYTE CULTURE: A REVIEW
Authors: Mitra Debanjana , Vg Abilash
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTPesticides have long been in use in the agricultural fields, plantation firms, and also for household purposes. However, there are a considerablenumber of studies which prove the detrimental effects of the pesticides that include biochemical, histopathological, and genetic effects. The aim ofthis article is to present a review on the effects of pesticides on leukocytes which have been analyzed through various assays including chromosomeanalysis, cytokinesis-block micronuclei assay, comet assay, semen, and sperm analysis. The studies have shown organophosphates and carbamates tobe the most potential sources of genotoxicity and the individuals exposed to these groups of pesticides are relatively much more prone to genotoxicity.Further investigation on molecular mechanism by which the pesticides affect the genome of cells needs to be carried out.Keywords: Pesticides, Genotoxicity, Chromosome analysis, Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay, Semen analysis.
EXPLORATION OF PLANT BIOACTIVE FROM CASSIA FISTULA LEAVES FOR THE TREATMENT OF OVARIAN CANCER: AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
Authors: K Ramanathan , V Shanthi , Verma Kanika
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Paclitaxel is one of the most effective anticancer agents. It is used as a chemotherapy agent for a spectrum of cancer types. However,paclitaxel resistance is one of the foremost problems for chemotherapy. Most importantly, an emergence of paclitaxel resistance due to mutation(F270V) in β-tubulin has been extremely deliberated in recent years. With the rise of paclitaxel-resistant mutation in β-tubulin, there is a need to adda novel inhibitor from natural source, as they have less chance of getting resistance additionally less side effects. Keeping this in mind, we have utilizedexperimental and in silico approaches to isolate the potent inhibitor for β-tubulin target protein.Methods: We have extracted phytocompounds from Cassia fistula plant, and the structures were recognized with the help of gas chromatographymassspectrometrytechnique.Subsequently,oralbioavailabilityandtoxicityanalysiswereexecutedfortheextractedcompoundsbyemployingMOLINSPIRATIONand OSIRIS program,respectively.Furthermore,docking analysiswasperformedusingYASARAalgorithm.Inaddition,bioactivityanalysisforthe screenedcompounds wasperformedusing predictionof activityspectraforsubstances program.Results: The results from our analysis clearly depict that HOP-22(29)-EN-3.BETA.-OL could be a promising inhibitor for the treatment of cancer andprovide direction for future research. Further in vitro and in vivo exploration is also required to identify whether HOP-22(29)-EN-3.BETA.-OL haveanticancer effect or not.Conclusion: The combination of computational approach and experimental analysis provides an easy approach to identify novel candidate for thetarget protein β-tubulin.Keywords: Phytochemicals, Gas chromatography mass spectrometry, Bioavailability, Molecular docking, Prediction of activity spectra for substancesprediction.
PHARMACOGENETIC VARIATIONS RELATED TO CLOPIDOGREL RESISTANCE AND ITS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: AN ISSUE WHICH REMAINS LARGELY UNADDRESSED
Authors: Bhat Dr Sabreen Bashir , R Poornima
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: Antiplatelet therapy with either clopidogrel alone or in combination with aspirin is the mainstay prophylactic drug therapy followingpercutaneous coronary intervention and long-term prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Non-responders/semi-responders toclopidogrel are reported to have increased incidences of adverse outcomes like recurrent ischemic attacks. Variability in response to clopidogrel ismore common among Asians, and it is as high as 70% in some of the Asian communities. Researchers attribute inter-individual variations in responseto clopidogrel to various pharmacogenetic determinants. Polymorphisms of multidrug resistance protein 1, CYP2C19 and its alleles, P2Yadenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor are concluded to be specific to clopidogrel resistance in Indian population.Methods: A thorough literature search was done use different keywords such as clopidogrel resistance, pharmacogenomics, pharmacogeneticvariability, and ethnic variability from database sources such as Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed Central, and Scopus.Results and Conclusion: Literature revealed a disparity between various pharmacogenetic determinants of clopidogrel resistance, particularly inthe Asian population. Few studies suggest that there is no significant association between clopidogrel response variability and ADP receptor P2Yand P2Y gene polymorphisms. Variation in the cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) gene coding for the CYP2C19 enzyme, involved in metabolismand conversion of the clopidogrel to active metabolites is considered one of the major determinants of clopidogrel resistance in some populations.Pooled data from various studies suggest that variability in clopidogrel response cannot be attributed to a single gene polymorphism and is thoughtto be multifactorial. However, disparity in the data related to the specific gene polymorphisms responsible for the encountered clopidogrel resistancenecessitates the further evaluation of genome.12Keywords: Clopidogrel, Clopidogrel resistance, Single gene polymorphisms, Inter-individual variability.1, and P2Y121
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF TRIDHAM AND 1,2,3,4,6-PENTA-O-GALLOYL-β-DGLUCOSE ON ANTIOXIDANTS STATUS AND TUMOR MARKERS IN EXPERIMENTAL MAMMARY CARCINOMA IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS
Authors: Dharmalingam Karthick , Ramakrishnan Stalin , Panchanatham Sachidanandam , Palanivelu* Shanthi
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To study the restorative effect of Tridham (TD) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-o-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG) on 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene(DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma in female Sprague-Dawley rats.Methods: Rats were divided into seven groups of six animals each. Group I rats served as control. Group II - mammary carcinoma was inducedby DMBA. Group III and Group IV were induced with DMBA and subsequently treated with TD and PGG, respectively, for 48 days. Group V wastreated with DMBA and subsequently with a standard drug, cyclophosphamide (CYC). Group VI and Group VII were given TD and PGG alone,respectively, for 48 days. After the experimental period, the levels of lipid peroxides (LPO), activities of enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidantssuch as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, reduced glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E wereevaluated in the breast tissue of control and experimental rats. Levels of LPO, marker enzymes such as 5’-nucleotidase and lactate dehydrogenase,were also evaluated.Results: The levels of enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants were decreased in DMBA-induced rats when compared to control rats. The levels oftumor markers were increased in DMBA-induced rats when compared to control rats. These parameters were restored to near normal levels ontreatment with TD and PGG.Conclusions: The results suggest that TD and PGG have a cytoprotective role in DMBA-induced breast cancer-bearing rats. The effect of TD and PGGwas found to be more pronounced than CYC, a standard drug.Keywords: Breast cancer, Tridham, Penta galloyl glucose, Antioxidants, Tumor markers, Sprague-Dawley rats.
ANTIOSTEOPOROTIC ACTIVITY OF ANTHRAQUINONE ISOLATED FROM MORINDA CITRIFOLIA FRUITS IN RATS
Authors: Joy Abin , N Chaitra , M Ashok , M Handral
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: This study was designed to investigate the antiosteoporotic activity of isolated anthraquinones from Morinda citrifolia fruit extract inovariectomy (OVX) induced osteoporotic rats.Methods: All the rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6 each). Group I (sham control) received vehicle, p.o., Group II OVX control (vehicle, p.o.),Group III was OVX+standard raloxifene (5.4 mg/kg, p.o.), and Group IV was OVX+Physcion (100 mg/kg, p.o.) for 90 days.Results: The daily oral administration of isolated compound physcion (100 mg/kg) for 12 weeks to the rats prevented OVX-induced osteoporosis.This was examined by serum biomarkers such as alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase and showed significanteffects (p<0.0001). The femur bone strength assessed by three-point bending test showed improved bone strength in physcion treated rats, andthis was supported by enhanced bone mineral density (p<0.05). The ash parameters of femur bone studied from physcion treated rats exhibited asignificant (p<0.0001) value of ash weight followed by ash calcium content. Further, femur bone histological examination revealed the protectiveeffect of the compound physcion (100 mg/kg) against OVX-induced bone loss in rats, where it showed mineralization of trabecular spaces, improvedbone compactness thereby intact bone architecture.Conclusion: This study concludes that the isolated anthraquinone physcion had a preventive effect against OVX-induced bone loss in rats.Keywords: Morinda citrifolia, Physcion, Osteoporosis, Bone mineral density, Ash mineral content.
COMPARISON OF ANTIFUNGAL EFFECTS OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE HERBAL MOUTHWASHES AND CHLORHEXIDINE AGAINST CANDIDA ALBICANS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS: AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: Ravikumar Chandini , Arjunkumar Radhika , Prakasam Gopinath
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Candida albicans is a part of the normal flora of the mouth in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Periodontitis is one of the main complicationsin diabetic patients. Mechanical and chemical plaque control are the most productive methods in preventing periodontal diseases in the oral cavity.The objective of this study is to compare the in vitro effect of herbal mouthwashes and chlorhexidine (CHX) against C. albicans.Methods: Saliva samples were obtained from diabetic patients reporting for treatment to Saveetha medical college. C. albicans was cultured from thesalivary sample. A yeast suspension was made by sub culturing the C. albicans. The mouthwashes used in the study are HiOra regular (0.2%), HiOrasensitive (0.5%), and clohex plus (CHX gluconate 0.02%) mouthwashes. The fungal suspension was spread on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) plateswith a sterile swab. Subsequently, wells of 6 mm in diameter were made with a suitable distance using sterile cork borer on pre-inoculated agar platesand filled with 100 µl of each mouthwashes. From the zones of inhibition seen, antimicrobial activity was expressed in terms of average diameter ofthe zones of inhibition measured.Results: Using HiOra regular mouthwash, 13/18 (72%) wells were found to show zone of inhibition ≥20 mm. In HiOra sensitive mouthwash, only9/18 (50%) showed inhibition zone ≥20 mm. With effect of regular CHX mouthwash, none of the strains showed the zone of inhibition to be ≥20 mm.Most of the strains responded well with all the three mouthwashes.Conclusion: Among the 2 herbal mouthwashes, HiOra regular mouthwash was most effective in inhibiting the candidal growth when compared tothe HiOra sensitive. HiOra regular mouthwash still showed better inhibitory actions when compared to the regular CHX mouthwash and the candidalspecies showed increased sensitivity to it.Keywords: Candida albicans, Chlorhexidine mouthwash, Diabetes mellitus, Herbal mouthwashes, Zone of inhibition.
A STUDY ON PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS IN THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT OF A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN PUDUCHERRY, SOUTH INDIA
Authors: Jayabal Pandiamunian , Salwe Kartik J , Ganesan Somasundaram , Kolasani Bhanu Prakash
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: This study was done to evaluate the current prescribing and usage pattern of antimicrobial agents (AMAs) in the neonatal intensive careunit (NICU).Methods: A prospective, hospital-based, cross-sectional study (prescription audit) was carried out between May and August 2012 in the NICU of aTeaching Hospital. Data were collected by reviewing case records of all neonates admitted to the NICU during the study period.Results: A total of 120 case records were reviewed and 100 were eligible to be included in the study. Out of the 100, no antimicrobial prescriptionwas made in 35 case records. Remaining 65 (65%) were prescribed at least one AMA. 167 AMA prescriptions were made in total and averagenumber of AMAs utilized per neonate was 1.670. Cefotaxime (24.6%) was the most commonly prescribed AMA followed by amoxicillin (23.4%).Aminoglycosides (43.7%) were the commonly prescribed group of AMAs followed by penicillins (28.7) and cephalosporins (24.6%). Most of the AMAswere prescribed to non-bacteriologically proven infections (50.5%). Among the 167 AMA prescriptions, 104 (62.28%) were made in their brandnames and 63(37.72%) were made in their generic names.Discussion and Conclusion: This study highlights current usage of AMAs in the NICU of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Puducherry. AMAs werefound to be prescribed frequently without bacteriological evidence and in their brand names. This necessitates the need for motivating doctors toimprove AMA prescriptions with supportive bacteriological evidence and in generic names.Keywords: Antimicrobial agents, Neonatal intensive care unit, Generic drugs, Non-bacteriologically proven infections.
EFFECTS OF IN VITRO 1,25 DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D ON MATURATION OF DENDRITIC CELLS IN GRAVES’ DISEASE PATIENTS
Authors: Purnamasari Dyah , Djauzi Samsuridjal , Setiati Siti , Harahap Alida , Pemayun Tjokorda Gde Dalem , Prihartono Joedo , Soewondo Pradana
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The autoimmune reaction in Graves’ disease (GD) is induced by self-antigen, which is presented by dendritic cells (DCs). DCs in GD have more active immune responses than those in healthy subjects. The ability of DC as antigen-presenting cell is determined by its maturity level. InGD, vitamin D level is inversely proportional to antibody titer and proportionally associated with remission status. Studies on healthy subjects andautoimmune patients (systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), and Crohn’s disease) have demonstrated immunoregulatoryeffects of vitamin D, mainly through inhibition of DC maturation, which may decrease the DC’s immunogenic profile. This study aims to identify theeffect of 1,25-D3 in vitro on DC maturation in patients with GD.Methods: This is an experimental study, which was conducted in 12 GD patients with thyrotoxicosis. Monocyte-derived DC of GD patients wascultured, with or without 1,25-D3 in vitro at monocytic phase. The DC maturation was then stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and evaluatedbased on the expression of DC markers (human leukocyte antigen-D-related [HLA-DR], CD80, CD40, CD83, CD14, and CD206) and the ratio of cytokineinterleukin-12 (IL-12)/IL-10 levels in the supernatants.Results: Following the LPS stimulation, DC with 1,25-D3 showed lower expressions of HLA-DR, CD80, CD40, and CD83, and higher expressions ofCD14 and CD206 compared to DC without 1,25-D3. DC with 1,25-D3 had lower ratio of IL-12/IL-10 levels than those without 1,25-D3.Conclusion: In vitro 1,25-D3 supplementation inhibits DC maturation in patients with GD.Keywords: Vitamin D, Graves’ disease, Dendritic cells.
FORMULATION AND STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION OF BILAYER SUBLINGUAL TABLETS OF LEVOCETIRIZINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: Choudhury Priyanka , Deb Pulak , Dash Suvakanta
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of the present study is to formulate and optimize bilayer sublingual tablets of Levocetrizine hydrochloride and Ambroxolhydrochloride using a 2 response surface methodology employing design expert-10.0. Sodium starch glycolate and Camphor were selected asindependent variables while disintegration time (sec) and water absorption ratio (%) were considered as responses. 3Methods: The bilayer sublingual tablets were prepared by direct compression and evaluated for various evaluation parameters including hardness,thickness, friability, drug content uniformity, wetting time, water absorption ratio and disintegration time. The prepared optimized bilayer sublingualtablets of Levocetrizine hydrochloride and Ambroxol hydrochloride having above 2 responses-disintegration time (sec) and water absorption ratio.Results: The optimized batch having concentration of sodium starch glycolate and camphor was found within the standard limit of parametersdisintegrationtime (sec) and waterabsorption ratio(%) as 61 sec and 69.67%.Conclusion: The direct compression method in this study is relatively simple and safe and a stable, effective and pleasant tasting bilayer sublingualtablet, which has a good balance over disintegration time and water absorption ratio, was formulated.Keywords: Levocetirizine hydrochloride, Ambroxol hydrochloride, Croscarmellose sodium, Sodium starch glycolate, Camphor, Statistical optimization.