bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burden, clinical outcomes and predictors of time to in hospital mortality among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of Jimma university medical center: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Fekadu Ginenus , Chelkeba Legese , Kebede Ayantu
Published: September 2019

Background: The global burden of stroke epidemiology is changing rapidly. Over the 1990–2013 periods, there was a significant increase in the absolute number of deaths and incident events of stroke. The burden of stroke varies in Ethiopia between regions and over time. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the burden, clinical outcomes and predictors of time to in hospital mortality among stroke patients.
Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried at stroke unit of Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC) from March 10- July 10, 2017. The outcome of interest was mortality and time to death. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Multivariable Cox regression was used to identify the predictors of in hospital mortality and time to death from hospital arrival. Predictor variables with P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 116 eligible stroke patients were followed over 4 months. The mean age of patients was 55.1+14.0 years and males comprised of 73 (62.9%). Stroke accounted for 16.5 % of total medical admissions. Among the 116 patients with stroke, 91 (78.4%) were discharged alive making in hospital mortality of rate of 25 (21.6%). The median time of in hospital mortality and length of hospital stay after admission of the patients were 4.38 days and 9.21 days, respectively. The prominent suspected immediate cause for in hospital mortality was increased intracranial pressure in 17 (68.0%) followed by respiratory failure secondary to aspiration pneumonia in 11 (44.0%) patients. Brain edema (AHR: 6.27, 95% CI: 2.50-15.76), urine incontinence (AHR: 3.48, 95% CI: 1.48-8.17), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) >13 during hospital arrival (AHR: 22.58, 95% CI: 2.95-172.56) and diagnosis of stroke clinically alone (AHR: 4.96, 95% CI: 1.96-12.54) were the independent predictors of time to in hospital mortality.
Conclusions: The mortality rate of stroke in this setup was comparable with other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is an urgent need to establish well equipped and staffed stroke units in the country in addition to strengthen the already existing on. Furthermore, future work must be designed to identify the barriers to improve stroke outcomes and recovery.
Examination of preterm babies for ROP referred to an eye department from an urban and semi-urban neonatal intensive care unit: implications for practice.
Authors: Venkatesh Ramesh , Dave Prachi Abhishek , Gurav Prachi , Agarwal Manisha , Jajoo Mamta , Gupta Vidit
Published: September 2019

Background: To study and analyse the factors affecting the proportion of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) distribution between the urban and semi-urban regions in North India.
Methods: Retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study. All babies referred for ROP examination by paediatricians or other general ophthalmologists between 2013 – 2016 were included in the study. Demographic, clinical and treatment related findings were recorded.
Results: Five hundred and fifty-eight (467: urban & 91: semi urban) babies were examined for ROP. The mean birth weight in the urban and semi-urban setting was 1348.6 ± 395.21 gm and 1703.77 ± 401.76 gm respectively. The mean gestational age was 30.99 ± 2.93 weeks and 30.73 ± 2.08 weeks in the urban and semi-urban cohorts respectively. The average time for first ophthalmic examination following birth was 23.82 ± 13.69 (range: 3-77) days in the urban and 101.16 ± 238.26 (range: 13- 330) days in the semi-urban setting. 94% of the babies completed all screening examination visits. Any ROP was identified in 11.6% and 33.0% of the urban and semi-urban cohorts respectively; Type 1 was detected in 7.5% of urban babies and 23.1% of semi-urban babies
Conclusion: Differences in the proportion of babies developing any ROP and Type 1 ROP between the semi-urban and urban groups is likely due to selection bias, as a high proportion of semi-urban babies did not attend for examination or failed to complete all the examinations necessary. This was particularly true for females. More needs to be done to increase access to regular, systematic screening of preterm babies within neonatal units.
Thermoelasticity, cation exchange, and deprotonation in Fe-rich holmquistite: Toward a crystal-chemical model for the high-temperature behavior of orthorhombic amphiboles
Authors: Oberti Roberta , Boiocchi Massimo , Zema Michele
Published: September 2019

The thermoelastic behavior of a crystal of Fe-rich holmquistite with crystal-chemical formula A(K0.01Na0.01)B(Li1.88Mg0.10Na0.02)C(Mg1.68Fe1.422+Mn0.022+Al1.88)TSi8.00O22W[(OH)1.97F0.03] was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at temperatures up to 1023 K, where isothermal annealing in air for 160 h yielded the loss of 0.85 H apfu coupled with oxidation of M1Fe. A complex pattern of cation exchanges was deciphered by comparing structure refinements done before and after annealing. Li migration from the M4 to M3 site is responsible for nonlinearity of the c parameter around 600 K during the first annealing. Cooling of the partially deprotonated crystal to room temperature (RT) showed discontinuities in trends of the b and c parameters around 820–800 K, which cannot be ascribed to a phase transition and can be explained by a rearrangement of the structural units affecting the geometry of the M4 polyhedron. Such discontinuities have never been observed in amphiboles before and must be related to dimensional constraints deriving from the peculiar composition of this amphibole, which contains the smallest possible homovalent constituents, i.e., BLi, CAl, and TSi. The calculated thermo-elastic parameters are: Fe-rich holmquistite: αa = 1.36(2)×10–5; αb = 0.55(1)×10–5; αc = 1.5(1)×10–5 – 6.7(9)×10–9; αV = 3.5(3)×10–5 – 0.8(3)×10–8 (polynomial); 2.58(6)×10–5 (linear); partially deprotonated Fe-rich holmquistite: αa = 1.324(9)×10–5 (RT-1023 K); αb = 0.60(1)×10–5 (RT-773 K); αc = 0.68(2)×10–5 (RT-773 K); αV = 2.59(2)×10–5 (RT-773 K). Fe-rich holmquistite is much stiffer than all the previously studied orthorhombic Pnma and Pnmn amphiboles. The results of this work allow progress toward a general model that may explain how the amphibole structure responds to non-ambient conditions, and allows the release of water in diverse geological environments.
Event generation with Sherpa 2.2
Authors: Bothmann Enrico , Singh Chahal Gurpreet , Höche Stefan , Krause Johannes , Krauss Frank , Kuttimalai Silvan , Liebschner Sebastian , Napoletano Davide , Schönherr Marek , Schulz Holger , Schumann Steffen , Siegert Frank
Published: September 2019

Sherpa is a general-purpose Monte Carlo event generator for the simulation
of particle collisions in high-energy collider experiments. We summarise
essential features and improvements of the Sherpa 2.2 release series, which is
heavily used for event generation in the analysis and interpretation of
LHC Run 1 and Run 2 data. We highlight a decade of developments towards
ever higher precision in the simulation of particle-collision
events.
Radioterapia nowotworów ginekologicznych w świetle doniesień z konferencji ESTRO 37
Authors: Płachta Michał
Published: September 2019

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie najnowszych trendów związanych z radioterapią nowotworów ginekologicznych, zaprezentowanych podczas 37 konferencji Europejskiego Towarzystwa Radioterapii Onkologicznej (European SocieTy for Radiotherapy and Oncology – ESTRO) w Barcelonie w 2018 roku.
Small entrepreneurs of the region-contributor of labor as actors of human capital development (the case of the Volga Region)
Authors: Babaian Inna V. , Pashinina Ekaterina I. , Suslov Ivan V.
Published: September 2019

This article, based on empirical material obtained in October-December 2018, examines the potential and current state of the human capital of the Povolzhye, which includes six districts of the Saratov Region. The Saratov Region is a typical example of a labor-contributing region. The outflow of workers (including highly skilled professionals) and the ageing population only exacerbate the economic problems of the region and deepen the territorial inequality of the Russian Federation. Raising human capital is the best solution to the problem of labor emigration. However, on the one hand, the difficulties in the development of human capital lie in the high demands of workers for wages and in their reluctance to engage in heavy physical labor. Employers, on the other hand, often seek to hire workers who do not require additional training. This empirical study provides recommendations to the regional authorities and the strategy for the development of human capital. The novelty of the approach lies in considering the local entrepreneurs as the main subjects of raising human capital. Interviews with businessmen in six districts of Saratov region showed the lack of opportunities for successful entrepreneurs to expand the business, increase staff, and invest resources and efforts in the development of human capital of local communities. Reflection of expert opinions and assessments of executive authorities and employers allows formulating practical recommendations and identifying factors for the development of human capital, focusing on the business potential of the region and social integration of the population. The positive factors for the development of human capital should be the following: creating an enabling environment for local business development; developing human capital of rural and regional businessmen; and increasing the cohesion of the municipal community.
Urban ethnocultural space
Authors: Mukhametshina Natalya S.
Published: September 2019

Review of Popkov Yu. V., Skalaban I. A., Tyugashev E. A., Kostyuk V. G., Madyukova S. A., Persidskaya O. A., Tarbastaev I. S., Vavilina N. D., Terentyev M. N., Osmuk L. A., Deriga E. S. 2018. Sociocultural Monitoring of the Urban Interethnic Community: Methodology, Methodology, and Practice. Edited by Yu. V. Popkov. Novosibirsk: Izdatelstvo Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta.
Variances in the Level of COX-2 and iNOS in Different Grades of Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Oplawski Marcin , Dziobek Konrad , Zmarzły Nikola , Grabarek Beniamin O. , Kiełbasiński Robert , Kieszkowski Przemysław , Januszyk Piotr , Talkowski Karol , Schweizer Michał , Kras Piotr , Plewka Andrzej , Boroń Dariusz
Published: September 2019

Background:

Many experimental studies have demonstrated the importance of COX-2 in the tumor angiogenesis. Inducible iNOS is responsible for a high and stable level of nitric oxide and is expressed in response to pro-inflammatory factors.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of COX-2 and iNOS at the protein level and to assess their potential prognostic significance in patients with endometrial cancer.

Methods:

The study group consisted of 45 women with endometrial cancer divided according to the degree of histological differentiation i.e. G1, 17; G2, 15; G3, 13. The control group consisted of 15 women without neoplastic changes. The expression of studied proteins was determined immunohistochemically with specific polyclonal antibodies.

Results:

Analysis of the COX-2 expression showed that the optical density of the reaction product in G1 reached 186% in the control group, while the values in G2 and G3 reached 243% and 293%, respectively. In the case of iNOS, the optical density of the reaction product reached the following percentages in the control group: 147% in G1, 243% in G2, and 241% in G3.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that changes in the expression of COX-2 and iNOS may be potentially useful in predicting the progression of endometrial cancer and treatment effectiveness.
Involvement of Upregulated P53-Induced Death Domain Protein in Retinal Ganglion Cells Apoptosis After Optic Nerve Crush
Authors: Zhang Mingyuan , Chen Lifei , Xu Fan , Jiang Li , Yan Wenya , Kunwar Bibhav , Tang Fen , Yang Ke , Shen Chaolan , Huang Hui , Lv Jian , Qin Chen , Wu Xiaonian , Zeng Siming , Li Min , Zhong Shan , Chen Qi
Published: September 2019

Purpose:

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) apoptosis is a common characteristic
of optic neuropathies. p53-induced protein with a death domain (PIDD) is a well-known
regulator of genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis, which is constitutively cleaved into
three main fragments: PIDD-N, PIDD-C and PIDD-CC. Thus, we aim to determine the
physiological relevance of PIDD in RGCs apoptosis in an optic nerve crush (ONC)
model.

Methods:

All animals were evenly randomized into four groups: sham-control group,
con-siRNA group, ONC group, and PIDD-siRNA group (ONC +PIDD-siRNA).
Expressions of PIDD, caspase-2, Brn3a and tBid in ONC model were analyzed by
Western blot and immunofluorescence. Mean densities of RGCs/mm2 were calculated
with Fluoro-Gold (FG). Moreover, we tested the effect of PIDD-siRNA on ONC-induced
RGCs apoptosis using TUNEL staining.

Results:

The level of full-length PIDD was weakly present and showed no significant
differences at any time points. PIDD-CC and PIDD-C were significantly up-regulated in
the retina at 3 days after ONC. Meanwhile, the expression of PIDD was significantly
increased in Brn3a (a marker of RGCs) positive cells, indicating that the localization of
PIDD appeared to be confined to RGCs. Furthermore, inhibition of PIDD prevented
RGCs apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-2 and tBid activation.

Conclusions:

Taken together, PIDD may play a crucial role in RGCs apoptosis after
ONC, and this process may be relevant to caspase-2 and tBid.
Incidencia de Escherichia coli O157:H7 en heces de rumiantes lactantes con síndrome diarreico
Authors: Lara-Duran José Alfredo , Silva Vega Mónica , Bañuelos Valenzuela Rómulo , Delgadillo Ruiz Lucía , Delgadillo Ruiz Olivia
Published: September 2019

Objetivo. Identificar Escherichia coli O157:H7 presente en heces diarreicas de rumiantes lactantes con síndrome diarreico y seguridad de ingesta de calostro. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un muestreo de 316 rumiantes durante el período de agosto 2015 a marzo 2016 en los municipios de Río Grande, General Enrique Estrada, Morelos y Calera de Víctor Rosales del estado de Zacatecas, 67 de bovinos, 183 de ovinos y 66 de caprinos. Resultados. Se identificaron en medio cromogénico CHROMagarTM: 260 coliformes, 78 Escherichia coli O157:H7, 16 Proteus spp., y 25 colonias de bacterias sin identificar con este medio, encontrándose una incidencia de Escherichia coli O157:H7 de 22.03% en los cuatro municipios. Conclusiones. Escherichia coli O157:H7 es la segunda bacteria encontrada en heces de rumiantes con un 22% de incidencia, la cual es un factor de riesgo de muerte en rumiantes lactantes (menos de 21 días de nacidos) causando pérdidas económicas y riesgo para la salud de la población del estado de Zacatecas.
Properties of Cement Brick with Partial Replacement of Sand and Cement with Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Silica Fume
Authors: Ling Jen Hua , Lim Yong Tat , Leong Wen Kam , Jusli Euniza , Sia How Teck
Published: September 2019

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) and silica fume (SF) are the by-products of the oil palm plantation and the ferroalloy smelting industries, respectively. Improper disposal of these materials leads to negative implication to the environment. This study was carried out to investigate the potential application of EFB and SF in cement bricks. EFB fibre and SF replaced up to 25% of sand and cement in the mix, respectively, in several groups of specimens that distinguished the normal, EFB-, SF- and EFB-SF-cement bricks. The specimens were tested for the compressive strength, density and water absorption property. The results reveal that SF, at an optimum amount of 10% cement replacement, increased 10% of the strength of the cement brick. EFB fibre reduced the strength and density but increased water absorption property of the cement brick. For application in the construction industry, SF and EFB fibre contents should be kept within 10% and 20% respectively.
Klora Maruz Kalan A549 Hücre Hattında Çeşitli Antioksidanların Etkileri
Authors: SEZİGEN Sermet , SARPER Meral
Published: September 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; organizmada hipokloridin toksisitesini azaltan antioksidanlar olan berberin, N-Asetil sistein (NAC) ve askorbik asidin A549 hücre hattında hücre ölümü üzerine olan etkilerinin sodyum hipoklorit varlığında in vitro olarak tespit edilmesidir. Materyal-Metot: Adenokarsinomik insan alveolar bazal epitel hücre hattı olan A549’un %5 karbon dioksit ile 37° C sıcaklığa ayarlı inkübatörde kültürlenerek yayılması ve çoğalması sağlanmıştır. Berberin; NAC ve askorbik asidin etkilerinin incelenmesi amacıyla her bir etken maddenin üç dozu (50 µM, 100 µM ve 200 µM) sodyum hipoklorit (0.5 µM) ile muamele edilerek A549 hücrelerine uygulanmıştır. İnkübasyon sürecinde hücrelerin yayılması ve çoğalması; hücre sensörü tarafından algılanan empedansın elektronik okuması işlemini gerçekleştiren xCELLigence gerçek zamanlı hücre analiz sistemi kullanılarak eş zamanlı olarak izlenmiştir.  Bulgular: xCELLigence kullanılarak yapılan gerçek zamanlı hücre analizinde özellikle yüksek konsantrasyonlardaki (500 µM ve 1.000 µM) sodyum hipokloridin A549 akciğer hücre hattında sitotoksik etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca berberin, NAC ve askorbik asidin sodyum hipoklorit varlığında A549 hücre hattı üzerinde doza bağımlı olarak hücre ölümünde artışa neden olduğu da gözlemlenmiştir.Sonuç: Sodyum hipokloridin A549 hücre hattı üzerine olan etkileri gerçek zamanlı olarak görüntülenerek reaktif oksijen türlerinin toksik dozlarda akciğerler üzerindeki etkileri gösterilmiştir. Klor maruziyeti sonrasında ortaya çıkan hipokloröz asidin oksidatif etkilerinin çeşitli antioksidanların kullanılmasıyla azalttığı bilinmektedir. Bununla birlikte çeşitli dozlarda uygulanan berberin, NAC ve askorbik asit gibi antioksidanların sodyum hipoklorit varlığında A549 hücre hattında toksik etkileri azaltmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Klor maruziyetinde tedavi yaklaşımlarının etkinliklerin karşılaştırıldığı deneysel çalışmalarda bu üç önemli antioksidanın neden olduğu etkilerin mekanizmalarının araştırılmasına ve hücresel hasarı azaltacak antioksidan cevabı sağlayabilecek etkin dozun tespit edilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
SHARIAH AND THE POLITICS OF PLURALISM IN INDONESIA: UNDERSTANDING STATE’S RATIONAL APPROACH TO ADAT AND ISLAMIC LAW
Authors: Lukito Ratno
Published: September 2019

The distinction in the normative character of legal traditions will give an effect of the state different attitude to those traditions. In the case of Islamic law and adat law in Indonesia, we see that although having different basic character in terms of its foundation of legal creation, Islamic law can relatively be closer to the character of the state law, which is uniform and nationally effective. It is clear here that the nationalization of Islamic law built on the basis of its adherents, and not on the tribe, clan, language, or other local denominations, becomes an effective tool for its rapprochement with the state law, which is also nationalized on the basis of citizenship. Thus, although it is not possible to equalize Islamic law and state law due to the sacredness of the religious law, the scope in the efficacy of both laws can be an effective means of legal rapprochement. This is however not the case with adat law. The character of adat law as a local and heterogeneous legal tradition is intrinsically not in line with the philosophy of national law, which is anti-localism and homogeneous. It is just impossible to bring adat law to become an effective law for all Indonesian citizens. As a result, the rapprochement is difficult between adat law and state law.
Criando mundos, produzindo sínteses: experiência e tradição na Umbanda
Authors: Chiesa Gustavo Ruiz
Published: September 2019

A partir da trajetória de vida do dirigente de um terreiro de Umbanda no Rio de Janeiro pretendo compreender a relação existente entre a experiência pessoal e a construção de uma prática religiosa. A Umbanda, pensada nos termos de uma “religião em movimento”, é um objeto privilegiado para esse tipo de reflexão justamente porque valoriza o sentido criativo e a experiência do dirigente na configuração de uma prática e cosmologia religiosa. Neste caso, a experiência e criatividade individual contribuem para definir quais serão os elementos que confluem para a formação de uma tradição religiosa, direcionando o entendimento coletivo para algo que corresponda, em seus próprios termos, à “verdadeira” Umbanda.
A CURA INTERIOR NO CATOLICISMO CARISMÁTICO: TECNOLOGIAS DE SI E PSICOLOGIZAÇÃO DA RELIGIÃO
Authors: SILVEIRA Emerson José Sena da
Published: September 2019

O catolicismo carismático brasileiro, ao dialogar com as contemporâneas

transformações da identidade e da sociedade, produziu uma prática

chamada cura interior ou “cura das memórias e emoções”. Como experiência

religiosa, a cura interior expande-se em três segmentos: comunidades

carismáticas de vida e aliança, grupos e “flutuantes” (praticantes desvinculados

de grupos e comunidades). Sua prática é efetivada pelos “especialistas da cura”,

indivíduos que a exercem nos grupos e a aplicam às pessoas que demandam por

cura. No ritual da cura interior, ocorre a produção de uma tecnologia de

constituição do sujeito (tecnologia de si) em que a transferência e expansão

semântica de termos e procedimentos da psicologia junguiana (e outras), da

medicina e da tradição católica instituem um “fluxo intersubjetivo”, transversal

e simétrico, de um fazer-saber simultaneamente terapêutico e religioso. A cura

interior praticada pelos “especialistas da cura” torna-se um campo no qual

tendências contraditórias (busca de si e rendição ao (o)Outro) dialogam entre

si. Um diálogo que tem como palco a trajetória, a memória e as emoções dos

praticantes, apontando para novas formas de articulação entre as pequenas

narrativas biográficas (pontuais) e as grandes narrativas da religiosidade católica

(difusas e míticas)
CULTURA, IDENTIDADE E INCLUSÃO SOCIAL: O LUGAR DA RELIGIÃO PARA SEUS ATORES E INTERLOCUTORES
Authors: Burity Joanildo A.
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho pretende contribuir para a compreensão dos problemas envolvidos

na concepção e implementação das políticas sociais em termos de como certas demandas e

atores sociais específicos ali se inserem, com destaque para as organizações religiosas. O

marco de referência para a análise proposta é o da constituição e ativação de uma esfera

pública híbrida, formada por atores governamentais e atores da sociedade civil, articulados

em redes que operam num plano local, nacional e transnacional. Explora-se a interface

entre religião e políticas sociais, a partir da avaliação de pessoas envolvidas em ambos os

campos, ligadas a agências governamentais ou organizações da sociedade civil, laicas e

religiosas. A ordem da exposição combina uma atenção para o contexto mais amplo em

que a referência religiosa se coloca e para a percepção de atores governamentais e nãogovernamentais sobre o lugar e o papel da referência religiosa neste campo.
O FENÔMENO RELIGIOSO: IDÉIAS SOBRE CONCEITO TIPOLÓGICO DE RELIGIÃO
Authors: Costa Maria Emília Corrêa da
Published: September 2019

Este artigo discute as relações entre a religião e as políticas sociais. Inicialmente

aborda-se um conjunto de questões ligadas à liberdade religiosa como direito fundamental e a

laicidade como separação entre o Estado e as confissões religiosas. Depois se apresentam os

principais elementos do fenômeno religioso no campo jurídico, e a partir daí um conceito

tipológico de religião que reúne características consideradas qualitativamente típicas desse

fenômeno. Este conceito tipológico do termo religião ou de sua extensão no âmbito jurídico tem

a função de, ao possibilitar a reflexão, evitar o desvirtuamento ou a distorção do seu sentido,

que muitas vezes leva à discriminação e à interferência estatal indevida em matéria religiosa.
OS “SANTOS DA CRISE” E OS SISTEMAS DE EXPIAÇÃO COLETIVA DA INSEGURANÇA SOCIAL
Authors: Lopes José Rogério
Published: September 2019

O texto analisa os modelos de criação e recriação dos códigos imagéticos

religiosos pelos quais sujeitos devotos populares expressam percepções contemporâneas

dos sentimentos vividos nas experiências de privações sociais. A abordagem recai na

difusão dos chamados “santos da crise”, sua diversidade de figurações, exteriorizadas

desde mediações diversas que configuram as redes devocionais a esses santos,

manipuladas na esfera pública. As propriedades reconhecidas em tais santos são

intercambiáveis com as de outros, gerando uma “fabricação da santidade” marcada pela

“porosidade” com as experiências de privações sociais, que pode ser percebida nas

figurações desses santos, em diversas situações sociais, reais ou virtuais. Busca-se, com

essa análise, evidenciar a necessidade de relacionar as investigações sobre essas novas

devoções com as estratégias contemporâneas de reprodução da vida popular, na forma

de sistemas de expiação idealizados em uma condição comum sobre a qual o sentimento

de insegurança se projeta, nas condições de degradação, para constituir novos suportes

de realização pessoal e coletiva.
Nuclear Proliferation Deterrence: Bullying vs Diplomacy
Authors: Ogbonna Chidiebere C
Published: September 2019

The article examines the plausibility of using sanctions as an instrument that can deter nuclear proliferation. Sanctions have been a favored policy tool in the arsenal of the international community, when it comes to issues relating to deterring nuclear proliferation. The adoptions of sanctions as a policy instrument that can quench the nuclear ambition of states and/or regimes are based on two main assumptions. First, it is believed that they add cost to the regime aspiring to acquire nuclear weapons, by limiting the regimeâ€™s access to finance and thus discourage it from furthering its nuclear ambition. Second, it is believed that the impact of sanctions on the welfare and well-being of the citizens of a targeted regime will prompt the citizens to rebel against the regime and perhaps force it to comply with the demands of the sanctions imposing party. This article however, took a dissimilar view and argues that sanctions as a single policy tool cannot check nuclear proliferation. At best they can be used to express discontent or signal displeasure to a regime with nuclear ambition. The article concludes that diplomacy devoid of rapacity is and will remain the plausible mechanism to deter nuclear proliferation.
Understanding Political Will and Public Corruption in South Africa
Authors: Maduku Harris , Osehi Andrew , - Enaifoghe
Published: September 2019

The objective of this paper is to extensively analyse if there is adequate political will to eradicate corruption in South Africa using existing literature. There has been a huge increase in the level of attention paid to corruption, measures to curb it as well as its socio-economic consequences. In South Africa, corruption has been at the focal point of development an obstruction and impediment of genuine improvement in the general public service delivery. South Africaâ€™s public procurement system has been filled with corrupt practices, making the country to be one of the most degenerate on the continent of Africa. In the event that Africa is to be spared from this disease, the endemic presence of corrupt practices must be managed appropriately by the executive of the state. This paper addressed the concept of political will and normalized corruption in South Africa and proposed a route forward for the coveted change. We feel that corruption should be classified in the same category as crimes like treason, murder and rape and heavy sentences have to accompany corruption as a crime. A qualitative method was adopted in this study.
Effects of moisture and temperature on pesticide stability in corn flour
Authors: Liu Yetong , Qin Xu , Chen Qiusheng , Zhang Qiang , Yin Ping , Guo Yongze
Published: September 2019

Corn flour has been stored at different moisture content (without and with 10 % water) and temperatures (?20, 4 and 25 ?C). A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method was applied to determine the degradation rate of five common pesticides (imidacloprid, carbendazim, triadimefon, acetochlor and metolachlor) during the stored process using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector and gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. The results showed that there was almost no degradation on five pesticides at ?20?C in corn flour whether with or without water, and the half-life was 69.3?693.2 days. The degradation rate ranged from 1.7 to 7.8 % after ten days of application. Under 25?C and 10 % moisture content, the half-life was sharply reduced to 5.8?14.4 days. Under this condition, the degradation rate ranged from 40.6 to 68.4 % after ten days of application, and the sequence from high to low of the five pesticides. The degradation rates were as follows: carbendazim, imidacloprid, acetochlor, metolachlor and triadimefon. Therefore, low temperature and drying were beneficial to the storage of corn flour, but unfavorable to the degradation of pesticides in corn flour.
Porous amphiphilic biogel from facile chemo-biosynthetic route
Authors: Syed Mohamed , Annuar Suffian , Heidelberg Thorsten , Ansari Nor , Ismail Nor
Published: September 2019

Grafting of medium-chain-length poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates (mcl- -PHA) with glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate diacrylate (GDD) in acetone was performed using benzoyl peroxide as the initiator. A detailed mechanism scheme provides significant improvement to previous literature. Radical-mediated grafting generated ????carbon inter-linking of mcl-PHA and GDD, resulting in a macromolecular structure with gel properties. The thermal properties of the copolymer for different graft yields were investigated as a function of initiator concentration, GDD monomer concentration, incubation period and temperature. The water absorption and porosity of the gel were significantly improved relative to neat mcl-PHA.
Panagiarion of despotissa Barbara Frankopan
Authors: Cvetkovic Branislav
Published: September 2019

The paper presents the results of analysis of typological, stylistic-
technical, epigraphic and iconographic features of the luxurious
panagiarion, part of a complex reliquary, in the treasury of the Tersatto
Monastery near Rijeka. The size and content of the panagiarion, made of
jewels, pearls and relics in silver gilded revetments, provide basis to
classify it within the group of Late Byzantine pectoral
panagiaria-reliquaries and enkolpia of diverse forms. The dedicatory
inscription on its reverse refers to despotissa Barbara Frankopan, the wife
of the Serbian despot Vuk Grgurevic, as its patron. The inscription on its
rim and capsule with a miniature relief of the Virgin with Christ place it
within the field of Orthodox personal devotion.
The Usefulness of Accounting Information Resulting from Standard-Setting Compromises: The Pension Accounting Case
Authors: Cussatt Marc , Pollard Troy J. , Stone Mary S.
Published: September 2019

SYNOPSIS

Most U.S. employers sponsoring defined benefit pension plans use an accounting model that balances managers' preference for income smoothing with the FASB's belief in fair value measurement. This model, which we refer to as the deferral/reclassification model, requires current period gains/losses and costs of plan amendments to be closed to accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) and reclassified to earnings in subsequent periods (RECLASS). The usefulness of information produced by this model is questioned, especially RECLASS adjustments, which affect earnings in periods subsequent to the economic events that engendered them. This study examines the usefulness of information produced by the deferral/reclassification model. We find that AOCI and RECLASS amounts demonstrate predictive ability and exhibit value relevance. Additional analyses compare the usefulness of information produced by the deferral/reclassification and fair value models. Our results suggest that although the deferral/reclassification model is not conceptually defensible, the information it produces appears to be useful.

JEL Classifications: M40; M41.
Collaboration of Hospital Pharmacists and Hospitalists to Address Glycemic Control of General Medicine Patients: Implementation of a Pilot Inpatient Diabetes Management Program
Authors: Ketz Jeffrey M. , Yeh Eric J. , Suri Sanjeev
Published: September 2019

This study examined the clinical benefits of a collaborative pharmacist-physician inpatient diabetes management program that included daily blood glucose assessment and the recommendation and implementation of American Diabetes Association–recommended insulin regimens.
From Hong Kong Diabetes Register to JADE Program to RAMP-DM for Data-Driven Actions
Authors: Chan Juliana C.N. , Lim Lee-Ling , Luk Andrea O.Y. , Ozaki Risa , Kong Alice P.S. , Ma Ronald C.W. , So Wing-Yee , Lo Su-Vui
Published: September 2019

In 1995, the Hong Kong Diabetes Register (HKDR) was established by a doctor-nurse team at a university-affiliated, publicly funded, hospital-based diabetes center using a structured protocol for gathering data to stratify risk, triage care, empower patients, and individualize treatment. This research-driven quality improvement program has motivated the introduction of a territory-wide diabetes risk assessment and management program provided by 18 hospital-based diabetes centers since 2000. By linking the data-rich HKDR to the territory-wide electronic medical record, risk equations were developed and validated to predict clinical outcomes. In 2007, the HKDR protocol was digitalized to establish the web-based Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) Program complete with risk levels and algorithms for issuance of personalized reports to reduce clinical inertia and empower self-management. Through this technologically assisted, integrated diabetes care program, we have generated big data to track secular trends, identify unmet needs, and verify interventions in a naturalistic environment. In 2009, the JADE Program was adapted to form the Risk Assessment and Management Program for Diabetes Mellitus (RAMP-DM) in the publicly funded primary care clinics, which reduced all major events by 30–60% in patients without complications. Meanwhile, a JADE-assisted assessment and empowerment program provided by a university-affiliated, self-funded, nurse-coordinated diabetes center, aimed at complementing medical care in the community, also reduced all major events by 30–50% in patients with different risk levels. By combining universal health coverage, public-private partnerships, and data-driven integrated care, the Hong Kong experience provides a possible solution than can be adapted elsewhere to make quality diabetes care accessible, affordable, and sustainable.
Factores determinantes de embarazo posterior a reanastomosis tubárica realizadas en el hospital regional Teodoro Maldonado Carbo; periodo enero 2010 a junio 2015
Authors: Salazar Dik María Gracia , Yu Lee Mateus Alejandra Maria , Vásquez Cedeño Diego Antonio
Published: September 2019

Introducción: la obstrucción tubárica constituye el 35% de las causas de infertilidad, La ligadura de trompas de Falopio es el método anticonceptivo elegido por la mayoría de la población femenina fértil a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, del 1 al 5% deseará la reversión de la cirugía en los años subsecuentes. Objetivos: determinar los factores que favorecen el embarazo posterior a la reanastomosis tubárica. Método: estudio cohorte retrospectivo de historiales clínicos de pacientes esterilizadas, que posteriormente se realizaron la reanastomosis tubárica en el hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, periodo enero 2010 a junio 2015, obteniendo una muestra final de 51 pacientes. Resultados: se obtuvo un total de 28 gestas pertenecientes a 18 pacientes, de las cuales 5 fueron intrauterinos viables (17.9%). En el 67.9% de las gestas, la recanalización fue bilateral; en los embarazos uterinos viables se realizó anastomosis ístmico-ístmica. El promedio de tiempo transcurrido desde la recanalización hasta la primera gestación fue de 8.4 ± 5.6 meses. Conclusión: en el estudio la reanastomosis tubárica alcanzó una tasa de éxito clínicamente significativa, pero no garantiza la viabilidad de un embarazo. Cuando la reanastomosis no resulte favorable, se puede plantear la terapia de reproducción asistida para lograr la concepción.
Síndrome de Beckwith Wiedemann
Authors: Guevara Barrera Ruth Margarita
Published: September 2019

RESUMENEl Síndrome de Beckwith Wiedemann, es una enfermedad de origen genético autosómico dominante, caracterizado por macrosomía, onfalocele, dismorfismo cráneo-facial, macroglosia, visceromegalia, hemihipertrofia y tumores como el de Wilms. El diagnóstico se fundamenta en criterios clínicos ( criterios mayores y menores ). El mismo se realiza con la asociación de los tres criterios mayores o de dos criterios mayores y tres menores. (2) Presentación de caso: a continuación se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de género masculino de 4 horas de nacido atendido en el Servicio de Neonatología del hospital del niño Francisco de Ycaza Bustamante de la ciudad de (Guayaquil), portador del Síndrome de Beckwith Wiedemann. Se exponen los resultados del examen clínico y de las investigaciones complementarias.
Uveítis Parasitaria: caso clínico en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, 2015
Authors: Chiquito Freile Maria Camila , Mejía Bermeo Roberty Yunior , Palma Rugel Andrea Alexandra
Published: September 2019

La uveítis es la patología del tracto uveal que describe la inflamación de la úvea en sus tres segmentos: anterior, medio, posterior o panuveitis. Dentro de las uveítis infecciosas se encuentran las causadas por infestaciones parasitarias, las cuales son endémicas en nuestro país. El diagnóstico se lo hace mediante una buena anamnesis, examen físico completo y valoración oftalmológica basada en la agudeza visual, biomicroscopía con lámpara de hendidura y fondo de ojo para poder determinar la localización del parásito. No existe un tratamiento específico para dicha patología, siendo la única forma efectiva, aunque difícil y no siempre posible, la extracción quirúrgica del parásito. A continuación se presenta un caso clínico de una paciente de sexo femenino quien consulta por edema de hemicara izquierda acompañado de edema periorbitario izquierdo y baja visión del ojo del mismo lado, a la cual se le realizó un examen oftalmológico completo y se encontró la presencia de un parásito tubular adherido a la capsula anterior del cristalino del ojo afectado. Se instauró tratamiento médico y se realizó la extracción quirúrgica del parásito.
PROFIL SOAL UJIAN NASIONAL MATA PELAJARAN KIMIA SMA TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018 DITINJAU DARI KOMPETENSI DASAR ISI MATERI DAN JENJANG KELAS
Authors: Subagia I Wayan , Wiratini Ni Made , Khairat Fikriatul
Published: September 2019

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan profil soal UN mata pelajaran kimia SMA tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 ditinjau dari kompetensi dasar, isi materi dan jenjang kelas. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi dokumen. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Soal UN mata pelajaran kimia ditinjau dari kompetensi dasar, terdapat 26 kompetensi dasar yang terlibat pada soal dengan persentase 37,14% dan 44 kompetensi dasar yang tidak terlibat dengan persentase 62,86%. Selain itu, terdapat kompetensi dasar yang memiliki jumlah soal lebih dari satu soal. (2) Soal UN mata pelajaran kimia ditinjau dari isi materi, terdapat  16 materi pokok yang terlibat pada soal dengan persentase 84,21% dan 3 materi pokok yang tidak terlibat dengan persentase 15,79%. Selain itu, terdapat materi pokok yang memiliki jumlah soal lebih dari satu soal. (3) Soal UN mata pelajaran kimia ditinjau dari jenjang kelas, kompetensi dasar dan isi materi pokok yang dominan terdapat di kelas XII sebanyak 40,0% (16 soal), kelas XI sebanyak  37,5% (15 soal) dan kelas X sebanyak 22,5% (9 soal).Kata Kunci: ujian nasional, kimia, SMAAbstractThis study aimed to describe and explain the profile of National Examination test of high school chemistry subjects in the academic year 2017/2018 viewed from basic competency, content, and grade level. The data collection method used is document study. Data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive techniques. The results of this study are as follows: (1) UN items for chemistry subjects viewed from basic competencies, ware 26 basic competencies involved in the problem with a percentage of 37,14% and 44 basic competencies not involved with the percentage 62,86%. In addition, there ware basic competencies which have more than one question. (2) UN items for chemistry subjects viewed from the contents, showed 16 subject matter involved in the question with a percentage of 84,21% and three subject matter not involved with a percentage of  15,79%. In addition, there ware a subject matter that had more than one question. (3) UN items for chemistry subjects for the 2017/2018 school year viewed from the grade level, the basic competencies and contents of the dominant subject matter in class XII as much as 40,0% (16 questions), class XI as much as 37,5% (15 questions) and class X as much as 22,5% (9 questions). Key words: national exam, chemistry
Experimental and Numerical Study of the Uniaxial Compressive Stress-Strain Relationship of a Rock Mass with Two Parallel Joints
Authors: Xiong L. X. , Yuan H. Y. , Zhang Y. , Zhang K. F. , Li J. B.
Published: September 2019

A “rock bridge”, defined as the closest distance between two joints in a rock mass, is an important feature affecting the jointed rock mass strength. Artificial jointed rock specimens with two parallel joint fractures were tested under uniaxial compression and numerical simulations were carried out to study the effects of the inclination of the rock bridge, the dip angle of the joint, rock bridge length, and the length of joints on the strength of the jointed rock mass. Research results show: (1) When the length of the joint fracture, the length of the rock bridge, and the inclination of the rock bridge stay unchanged, the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen gradually increases as the inclination of the joint fracture increases from 0°to 90°. (2) When the length of the joint fracture, the length of the rock bridge, and the inclination of the joint fracture stay unchanged, the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen shows variations in trends with the inclination of the rock bridge increasing from 30° to 150° (3). In the case when the joint is angled from the vertical loading direction, when the dip angle of the joint fracture, the inclination of the rock bridge, and the length of the rock bridge stay unchanged, the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen gradually decreases with an increasing length of joint fracture. When the dip angle of the joint fracture, the inclination of the rock bridge, and the length of the joint fracture stay unchanged, the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen does not show a clear trend with an increase of the length of the rock bridge.
Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance in Nigeria
Authors: Adebiyi Sulaimon Olanrewaju , Amole Bilqis Bolanle , Arikewuyo Kareem Abidemi , Oyenuga Olamilekan Gbenga
Published: September 2019

This study advances research on entrepreneurial orientation and business performance by assessing, prioritizing, ranking, and evaluating decision choices among entrepreneurial orientation attributes that influence small and medium scale enterprise performance in Nigeria. Data were gathered through the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tool called analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based questionnaire administered to practicing entrepreneurs in Lagos State, Nigeria. The population of the study consists of all the firms (mainly small and medium scale businesses) registered by Lagos Chamber of Commerce, totalling 1766 at the time of this study. The sample size was calculated through Yamane formula, while entrepreneurs managing the sampled firms were the respondents carefully selected for the study through a random sampling procedure. Data collected were analysed through descriptive statistics and analytic hierarchy process procedures for eliciting the consistency ratio, consistency index, Lambda Max, local and global priority values for an effective policy decision. The priorities were established in line with the AHP framework using pairwise comparisons and judgment of entrepreneurs. The results revealed the preference of entrepreneurial orientation dimension that influenced business performance most based on pairwise experiences and trade-off of different attributes. This study explores the application of AHP methodology for measuring complex entrepreneurial decision-making process for enhancing business performance. Thus, the AHP revealed a potential research method in computing weights and chasing MCDM process.
Abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm as a complication of lumbar disc surgery
Authors: Simsek Baran , Yuksel Volkan , Guclu Orkut , Huseyin Serhat
Published: September 2019

Background:

Iatrogenic vascular injury during lumbar discectomy is a rare but serious and life threatening complication. The pituitary rongeur is the usual cause of injury during the disc surgery. A deep bite can injure the major vessels, especially the abdominal aorta or the common iliac arteries.

Case Presentation:

We present a 33-year-old female patient with complaints of continuous abdominal pain and difficulty in walking. Her complaints began a couple of days before her admittance to our clinic. In the medical history, the patient had undergone a lumbar discectomy operation due to L4–L5 disc hernia 4 months ago. Her follow-up physical examinations were uneventfully in the first and third month of the lumbar disc surgery. The patient had no any chronic diseases in her medical history. Computed tomographical angiography revealed a 57 × 42 mm pseudoaneurysm formation from the abdominal aorta arising closely from the abdominal aortic bifurcation level. A primary repair for the posterior abdominal aortic defect and a patchplasty for the aortotomy was performed.

Conclusion:

Clinician should suspect of vascular complications in terms of ongoing complaints, such as abdominal pain or a pulsatile mass in the abdominal region after lumbar disc surgery. In such cases, the clinical evaluation and imaging procedures must be done carefully.
MÔ HÌNH HÓA ỨNG XỬ KẾT CẤU BẢN MẶT
CẦU THÉP - BÊ TÔNG NHỰA CHỊU UỐN 5 ĐIỂM
Authors: Trần Anh Tuấn , Lê Bá Anh , Hoàng Việt Hải , Nguyễn Quang Tuấn
Published: September 2019

Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là phân tích ứng xử của bản mặt cầu thép có sử dụng lớp phủ bằng bê tông asphalt dưới tác động của tải trọng cục bộ. Để đạt được mục đích nêu trên, phương pháp phần tử hữu hạn được ứng dụng để mô phỏng thí nghiệm uốn năm điểm. Trong mô phỏng này, ứng xử của bê tông asphalt được xem là đàn nhớt tuyến tính. Loại vật liệu này biểu hiện tính chất phụ thuộc vào thời gian trong mối quan hệ ứng suất - biến dạng, trong mô phỏng số tính chất này được biểu diễn bằng chuỗi Prony. Kết quả thu được trong bài báo này được so sánh với kết quả thí nghiệm đã thực hiện.