bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Triticale for late autumn sowing
Authors: Chernobai S. V. , Riabchun V. K. , Kapustina T. B. , Shchechenko O. Y. , Melnik V.S.
Published: May 2020

Taking into account tendencies in climate changes towards continentality escalation, new ways to ensure stable production of food grain are searched for. Creation of triticale varieties with late sowing in autumn and early sowing in “February windows” (temporary thaws in February – at the early of March) is quite promising. This allows plants to effectively use soil moisture, stages of plant organogenesis occur earlier, and, as a result, crucial periods of the plant development do not coincide with the most intense droughts and take place at lower air temperatures.

The aim of the research was to evaluate the yield capacity of triticale varieties and lines with late autumn sowing and to create wintering triticale lines with high grain yield and adaptability.

Methods. Field (to study the interaction of the object of research with biotic and abiotic factors); biometric and weighing (to determine grain yield); statistical (statistical processing of research results).

Results. The study on the productivity formation was carried out under late autumn sowing of triticale varieties and lines (the first decade of October) under conditions of Kharkiv region.

The yields of spring triticale varieties under late autumn sowing averaged over the years amounted to 5.11–6.13 t / ha. Moreover, they formed a large filled grain (weight of 1,000 grains is 42.1–47.2 g). The best yield indicators by the years of research was showed by the variety Boryvіter Kharkivskyi– 6.13 t / ha, which exceeded the standard Korovai Kharkivsky by 1.02 t/ha.

The highest yield under late autumn sowing was formed by two-handled cultivar Pidzymok Kharkivskyi and the line L5 (respectively 7.43 and 7.59 t/ha). They exceeded significantly the standard winter triticale variety Raritet by their yield (5.61 t/ha).

As a result of the assessment, eight complex valuable triticale lines suitable for late autumn sowing (wintering lines) were identified: TKhZ 12p-19, TKhZ 15p-19, TKhZ 16p-19, TKhZ 31p-19, TKhZ 39p-19, TKhZ 66p-19, TKhZ 68p-19 and TKhZ 96p-19. The lines are characterized by increased productivity, well-filled grain (8–9 points), resistance to lodging (optimal height is 96–111 cm). According to the growing season they are early and mid-ripening. The lines are resistant to damage by loose and hard smut, powdery mildew and have increased resistance to damage by stem rust, leaf rust and leaf septoria (7–9 points). Increased adaptability of the lines is ensured by cold resistance and drought resistance. Therefore, they are the most promising for growing in arid steppe regions at late autumn and winter sowing.

The use of triticale varieties and lines with increased productivity, resistant to lodging, suitable for late autumn sowing is important under conditions of increasing aridity of the climate and significant increase in the sowing area under row crops (corn, soybean, sunflower, etc.).
Formation of the productivity of grassland phytocenoses of non-cultivated slopes in the Precarpathian region depending on the modes of use and fertilization
Authors: Hrytsan O. A.
Published: May 2020

The article is a study in soil science, with an analysis of the grassland phytocoenosis productivity in the Precarpathian region (Eastern Carpathian Foothills). The analysis of the level of land productivity according to the modes of use or fertilization type is carried out and it is established that grassland phytocoenoses of the Precarpathian region are the main source of forage for the livestock industry, and they hold the most important soil-forming position in the ecosystem of the territory. The main reason for the rapid loss of valuable species of grassland herbs from phytocoenoses and degradation of sown grass stands in the meadows of the Precarpathian region is the deterioration of nutrient status and water-air regime in the soil.

The percentage ratio of agrobotanical groups in the grasslands is comprised by herbs, cereals, sedges. Three types of plants represent the herb group. Groundsel (Senecio congestus) is predominant species in this group. Less common herbs of grassland are starwort (Stellaria radians) and Jacob's-ladder (Polemonium acutiggorum Willd). Arctophila yellow (Arctophila fulva (Trin) Anders) dominates among the cereals.

Application of mineral fertilizers on the grasslands under conditions of the Precarpathian region at the rate of N120P90K120 with split dressing in spring and after the first haymaking at the rate of N60 provides an increase in the yield of herbs compared with the control of 125.5 centners of herbage per ha.

It is established that extensive use of grasslands on sod-podzolic soils of the Precarpathian region leads to the development of degradation processes in the soil, decreases the resistance of perennial grasses to adverse habitat conditions. The main signs of degradation of cultivated meadows are the decrease of nutrient content in soil, soil dehumification, reduction in the productivity of phytocoenoses, decrease of the phytocoenoses of grasses and an increase in the number of grasses in the botanical composition, reduction of the area of projective cover of soil by plants, degrowth of inflorescence of grasses, decrease of the number of rhizome species of grassland plants.

Based on this, the article also proposes ways to preserve and improve the productivity of grassland phytocoenoses and the studied types of soils.
The Women-Owned Enterprises in India: Condition, Performance and Challenges
Authors: Ghosh Soumen , Mitra Srija
Published: May 2020

The aim of this paper is to investigate the
condition of the Women-owned micro and small-scale enterprises, their
performances and the challenges faced by the women owner in the Indian context. The condition of the overall Women-owned micro
and small-scale enterprise has portrayed by the simple table and diagram. In
addition, we have used a simple multivariate regression model to understand the
performance difference of these enterprises across Sector using the NSSO 73rd
round microdata. The study finds that the proportion of
women-owned enterprises are significantly low. Interestingly, in both the
sectors (i.e. Rural & Urban), Women-owned Enterprises are mostly operated
as Own-account segment (OAE) within the household premises. The Rural Sector is
much isolated in terms of the enterprise’s performance. Some major problems
like Demand shortage, non-recovery of financial dues, Non-availability of
Credit, shortage of Raw materials etc. are facing by the Women owners during
their operation.
De la educación a la orientación hacia la sociedad: hacia una profesionalización de la gestión de comunicación en Latinoamérica
Authors: Navarro Cristina , Moreno Ángeles
Published: May 2020

Esta investigación longitudinal cuantitativa analiza la evolución de la profesionalización de las relaciones públicas en América Latina utilizando datos procedentes de dos encuestas realizadas en los años 2009 y 2015. En total, 1.477 profesionales participaron en estos dos estudios, confirmando la idea de que la profesionalización es un proceso dinámico (Pieczka y L’Etang, 2001, 2006). Los resultados mostraron pequeñas pero significativas mejoras en cuatro indicadores: el estudio formal de las relaciones públicas en instituciones de educación superior, la existencia de unos principios éticos que hacen hincapié en el bienestar de la sociedad, el peso de las organizaciones profesionales, la disponibilidad de un cuerpo formal del conocimiento, y el acceso al empleo y la promoción. En general, se aprecia que los profesionales más jóvenes tienden a ser más críticos con respecto a los diferentes factores de profesionalización.
El rol del Big data como herramienta de comunicación estratégica y construcción de reputación en Chile
Authors: Portales-Echeverría Juan Cristóbal , Castañeda-Alcaíno Juan
Published: May 2020

La presente investigación da cuenta de un proceso escasamente abordado en los estudios de Comunicación como es la gestión de la información al interior de las empresas y el uso, estrategias y gestión con que se abordan a grupos de interés y social media influencers en cuanto canalizadores sociales de marca. La noción de influencia ha vuelto a cobrar importancia en el área de la comunicación estratégica con el auge de las diversas plataformas de información, relacionamiento digital y el avance hacia un contexto de alta competencia y desconfianza hacia las empresas. Al objeto de lograr esa influencia hoy resulta fundamental un uso oportuno del Big Data, definido como un gran volumen y flujo de diferentes formas de datos procedentes de diversas fuentes (externas e internas) en constante procesamiento, que producen nuevos conocimientos. En ese sentido, el big data facilita el acceso a determinados grupos de stakeholders con gran precisión. Pese a esta evidencia, en la presente investigación se constata que los profesionales de la comunicación en Chile no lo ven así. Entienden la comunicación estratégica fundamentalmente no como una vía construir confianza, pero sí para alinear una estrategia corporativa con una estrategia comunicacional y como instrumental para otorgar una orientación mayor a los directivos a la hora de tomar decisiones y definir objetivos estratégicos de negocio. Para abordar nuestro trabajo investigativo, trataremos en primer lugar una discusión teórica acotada al grado de profesionalización de la comunicación estratégica, expresada en la adopción y uso de diversas tendencias y herramientas de práctica, especialmente de análisis de Big Data, para luego identificar las principales características del estudio. Posteriormente presentaremos los resultados de la investigación y nuestras conclusiones. Se constata en el caso de Chile que la mayoría de los profesionales de la comunicación carecen de las competencias y herramientas para obtener altos rendimientos y efectividad a la hora de posicionar las marcas e influir al interior de la sociedad interconectada.
Uso del big data y de la automatización entre los profesionales de las relaciones públicas en Brasil
Authors: Moreno Ángeles , Athaydes Andréia , Navarro Cristina
Published: May 2020

El big data y la automatización se han convertido en dos grandes desafíos para la gestión estratégica de la comunicación en las organizaciones. El proceso de recogida, almacenaje y análisis de grandes cantidades de datos es clave a la hora de segmentar a los stakeholders, analizar el entorno, evaluar la eficacia de los procesos comunicativos y, en definitiva, responder de forma eficaz a las necesidades de los públicos. Sin embargo, y a pesar de las ventajas que conlleva el uso de esta tecnología, los profesionales de la comunicación brasileños hacen uso muy limitado del big data, en gran medida por la falta de conocimientos y habilidades analíticas necesarios. Además, se advierte una gran brecha entre la importancia percibida y el nivel de implementación del big data y la automatización en las organizaciones brasileñas.
Recent responses of grassland net primary productivity to climatic and anthropogenic factors in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Wang Yanwen
Published: May 2020

Net primary productivity (NPP) is an essential indicator of ecosystem function and sustainability and plays a vital role in the carbon cycle, especially in arid and semi-arid grassland ecosystems. Quantifying trends in NPP and identifying the contributing factors are important for understanding the relative impacts of climate change and human activities on grassland degradation. We quantified spatial and temporal patterns in potential NPP (NPPP) and actual NPP (NPPA) in Kyrgyzstan from 2000 to 2014 based on the Zhou Guangsheng model and MOD17A3 NPP data, respectively. By calculating the difference between NPPP and NPPA, we inferred human-induced NPP (NPPH) and thereby characterised changes in grassland NPP attributable to anthropogenic activities. We found that over the past two decades, both climatic variation and anthropogenic activities have significantly affected Kyrgyzstan’s grasslands. Grassland NPP decreased overall but patterns varied between provinces. Climate change, in particular changes in precipitation was the dominant factor driving grassland degradation in the north but human pressures also contributed. In the south however, human activities were associated with extensive areas of grassland recovery. The results provide important contextual understanding for supporting policy for grassland maintenance and restoration under climate change and intensifying human pressures.
EKSEGESA TEKSTUAL ALLAH YHWH dan ISI PERJANJIAN SINAI DALAM KELUARAN 19:1-25
Authors: Buulolo Fauduzanolo , wantalangi regen , Giawa Herman , laia lismanwati
Published: May 2020

Banyak orang Kristen tidak memahami dengan benar pribadi Tuhan yang disembah. Hal ini terlhat dari kebingungan umat Kristen ketika berapologet dengan non Kristen. Oleh karena itu penting mengenal dan memahami siapa pribadi YHWH dalam alkitab. Dan bagaimana YHWH bertindak sebagai TUHAN bagi bangsa Israel. Sebagai TUHAN, YHWH memiliki perjanjian dengan umat pilihan-Nya. Oleh karena itu sangat penting memahami pribadi YHWH dan bagaimana ikatan hubungan dengan umat Israel.TUHAN tidak dapat diukur dengan nama tertentu, untuk menentukan siapa pribadi-Nya sesungguhnya. Israel kuno banyak menggunakan julukan kepada pribadi TUHAN, bahwa pemberian ragam nama TUHAN Israel sebatas menyatakan ada satu figur yang lebih tinggi, lebih hebat, lebih kudus, atau lebih berkuasa dari manusia. Dalam Keluaran 19 isi perjanjian merupakan perjanjian yang baru antar TUHAN dan bangsa Israel.
Makalah software Haqqy Tamimah
Authors: Tamimah Haqqy
Published: May 2020

Perangkat lunak (software) computer adalah sekumpulan data elektonik yang disimpan dan diatur oleh computer, data elektronik yang disimpan oleh computer itu dapat berupa program atau instruksi yang akan menjalankan suatu perintah. Software atau prangkat lunak tidak dapat disentuh dan dilihat secara fisik, akan tetapi lita dapat mengoperasikannya.Dalam menjalankan sebuah computer kita perlu memahami dan menguasai apa itu software atau perangkat lunak serta bagaimana cara mengoperasikannya agar sebuah computer dapat bekerja maksimal dalam membantu tugas manusia.Computer software is a collection of electronic data that is stored and regulated by a computer, electronic data stored by that computer can be a program or instruction that will execute a command. Software or software cannot be physically touched and seen, but Lita can operate it.In running a computer we need to understand and master what software or software is and how to operate it so that a computer can work optimally in helping human tasks.
Konsep YHWH di Perjanjian Sinai Dalam Keluaran 19
Authors: Halawa Angilata Kebenaran , pranasoma rakai ranu , kewa marinus nangi , Novita Diana
Published: May 2020

Kitab Keluaran merupakan salah satu kitab Pentateukh yang kedua, dimulai dari Yakub dan sekeluarganya pindah dari Kanaan ke Mesir karena kelaparan yang melanda Kanaan. Memahami kitab Keluaran secara mendalam memberikan pemahaman yang lebih luas atau lebih lengkap karena menceritakan sejarah dari bangsa Israel. Setelah keluarnya bangsa Israel dari tanah Mesir mereka mengembara di padang gurun. Bangsa Israel sampai di Sinai di bulan ke tiga, sekitar 50 hari setelah meninggalkan mesir. Pada bulan ketiga itu adalah tepat hari raya Pentakosta. Kemudian Musa mendaki Gunung Sinai untuk mendapatkan wahyu dari Tuhan, Tuhan pun berbicara kepada Musa untuk memberikan perjanjian kepada umat-Nya yaitu bangsa Israel. Kajian ini dibuat atas pengertian tentang penulisan kitab yang akan menyingkap dalam penulisan kitab Keluaran 19 yaitu Konsep YHWH di Perjanjian Sinai.
perangkat lunak
Authors: Samosir Dini Ulya Sarah
Published: May 2020

Abstrak Perangkat lunak adalah sebuah program komputer yang menjadi jembatan penghubung antara pengguna komputer (user) dengan komputer. Dengan kata lain, perangkat lunak merupakan penerjemah antara user sebagai pemberi intruksi dan komputer sebagai pihak yang menerima intruksi. Software memiliki sifat bertolak belakang dengan hardware. Jika fisik hardware dapat disentuh, lain halnya dengan software, software tidak dapat disentuh dengan indra peraba secara fisik. Namun, software sangat penting dalam pengoprasian komputer. Karna tanpa software komputer hanya mesin yang tidak dapat dioperasikan dengan intruksi user. Sistem software dibuat dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman yang ditulis oleh programmer sehingga menjadi kode yang dapat dikenali perangkat keras.
perangkat lunak komputer
Authors: AMINA NUR
Published: May 2020

AbstrakNama lain dari Software adalah perangkat lunak. Karena disebut juga sebagai perangkat lunak, maka sifatnya pun berbeda dengan hardware atau perangkat keras, jika perangkat keras adalah komponen yang nyata yang dapat diliat dan disentuh oleh secara langsung manusia, maka software atau Perangkat lunak tidak dapat disentuh dan dilihat secara fisik, software memang tidak tampak secara fisik dan tidak berwujud benda namun bisa untuk dioperasikan. Pengertian Software komputer adalah sekumpulan data elektronik yang disimpan dan diatur oleh komputer, data elektronik yang disimpan oleh komputer itu dapat berupa program atau instruksi yang akan menjalankan suatu perintah. Melalui sofware atau perangkat lunak inilah suatu komputer dapat menjalankan suatu perintah. Perangkat lunak merupakan adalah istilah khusus untuk data yang diformat, dan disimpan secara digital, termasuk program komputer, dokumentasinya, dan berbagai informasi yang bisa dibaca, dan ditulis oleh komputer. Dengan kata lain, bagian sistem komputer yang tidak berwujud. Istilah ini menonjolkan perbedaan dengan perangkat keras komputer
PERANGKAT LUNAK KOMPUTER
Authors: pratiwi feby
Published: May 2020

Perangkat lunak (software) adalah istilah khusus untuk data yang diformat, dan disimpan secara digital. Perangkat lunak tersusun atas program yang menentukan apa yang harus dilakukan oleh komputer. Komputer harus melaksanakan instruksi yang terdapat dalam program untuk mendapatkan hasil yang berguna. Ada dua macam perangkat lunak yaitu sistem software dan application software. Sistem software berguna untuk mengatur file, me-load dan mengeksekusi program serta menerima perintah dari mouse atau keyboard. Sistem software biasa disebut dengan sistem operasi (operating system). Sedang application software adalah software yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan suatu pekerjaan. Contoh application software adalah Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel.
narkoba
Authors: Syafira Amatul
Published: May 2020

pengetahuan tentang narkoba
Certainty of fertility preferences among Dutch women
Authors: Stulp Gert
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND Studies on fertility preferences have highlighted a gap between preferred and realised fertility. Here we examine two potential determinants of this fertility gap: how certain people are in their preferred fertility, and to what extent there is partner agreement on this preferred number. METHODS A sample of 758 women between the ages of 18 and 40 were recruited through the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences-panel, a representative sample of Dutch individuals.RESULTS Only 21% of women without children and 48% of mothers were certain about their fertility preferences. With increasing preferred number of children, certainty in this preference decreased. More than half of respondents agreed with their partner on the preferred number, and agreement decreased for increasing preferred number of children. There was agreement in 90% of the couples on not having children, and 80% of mothers agreed with their partner on having only one child. This decreased to 40% agreement in women that preferred more than three children. CONCLUSIONS Dutch women were uncertain about their fertility preferences, particularly in those without children. There was more uncertainty and partner disagreement surrounding preferences for larger than for smaller number of children. Both uncertainty and disagreement likely lower fertility. CONTRIBUTION This study gives a detailed look on how the certainty of fertility preferences and partner agreement vary by the preferred number of children. Findings help explain the persistent gap between preferred fertility and realised fertility.
Tugas
Authors: Nathaniela Nava
Published: May 2020

Tugas penjas tentang narkoba
Proses dan Teknik Supervisi
Authors: Sari Yuni Kartika
Published: May 2020

The purpose of making this article are: Can see how the education supervision process, Stages of the education supervision process, The importance of educational supervision is carried out, Can see how education supervision techniques, Educational supervision techniques, The importance of educational supervision techniques. The importance of educational supervision techniques is known so that education can run well. School personnel with adequate abilities are a major concern for every educational institution. Among the existing personnel, teachers are the frontline in determining the quality of education. Teachers every day face to face with students in the learning process. Therefore qualified teachers are needed by every school. Improving the quality of education in schools requires professional and systematic education in achieving their goals. The effectiveness of educational activities in a school is influenced by the number of variables (both related to personal, operational, and material aspects) that need to get continuous coaching and development. The process of coaching and developing the whole situation is an education supervision study. The principal as the school leader has the obligation to foster the ability of the teachers. In other words the headmaster should be able to carry out supervision effectively.
Vietnamese Consumer Attitudes towards Smartphone Advertising
Authors: Giao Ha Nam Khanh , Vuong Bui Nhat
Published: May 2020

This research examines four specific objectives: (1) identifying factors that affect Vietnamese consumer attitudes towards smartphone advertising, (2) measuring the level of impact of the factors, (3) testing the difference of attitudes among groups of consumers with different characteristics in terms of gender, age, income, and academic level, and (4) proposing some managerial implications to have better Vietnamese consumer attitudes towards smartphone advertising. The study uses the online survey form via e-mail and Facebook in a convenience sampling method; the subjects surveyed are between the ages of 18 and 35, and all are in urban areas in Vietnam, and are using smartphones and accessing the internet and other phone applications. A sample of 490 respondents were valid and used for processing. The study employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze exploratory factors and linear multiple regression. The results reveal that there are five main factors affecting Vietnamese consumer attitudes towards smartphone advertising positively, arranged by reduced importance: entertainment, informativeness, credibility, non-irritation, permission and control. From that, the study offers some managerial suggestions for smartphone advertisers to improve their strategies and tatics to enhance their customer service, so that the smartphone advertising can attract people and help Vietnamese consumer in their buying behavior.
Administrasi Keuangan
Authors: Husni Hikmah Ibnu
Published: May 2020

Definition of finnancinal nadministrnation in thebronadest sense is na policy regnarding the nand use of orgnaniznationnal finnance to renalize the nactivities of the orgnaniznation, where the form of finnancinal mnannagement includes plnanning, regulnation, naccountnability, nand finnancinal supervision
The verifiability approach to deception detection: A Preregistered direct replication of the information protocol condition of Nahari, Vrij, and Fisher (2014)
Authors: Verschuere Bruno , Schutte Manon , van Opzeeland Sharon , Kool Ilona
Published: May 2020

Nahari, Vrij, and Fischer (2014) found that, when participants were forewarned that their statements would be checked for verifiable details, truth tellers gave much more verifiable details than liars (d = 1.14 [95% CI: 0.49; 1.78]). In this direct replication (n = 72), all participants wrote a statement claiming they had carried out their regular campus activities, whereas liars had actually stolen an exam. Statements were coded for verifiable details. Our primary prediction was confirmed: Truth tellers provided significantly more verifiable details than liars (d = 0.50 [95% CI: 0.02; 0.98]). Our secondary predictions - that liars would provide more unverifiable details than truth tellers, and that truth tellers would have a higher verifiable to unverifiable ratio score than liars - were not confirmed. We hope this will stimulate other independent investigations of VA to tell whether or not coding for verifiability will pass Ockham´s razor test.
Eksegesa Tekstual Allah Yhwh Dan Isi Perjanjian Sinai Dalam Keluaran 19:1-25
Authors: laia lismanwati , wantalangi regen , Giawa Herman , Buulolo Fauduzanolo
Published: May 2020

Banyak orang Kristen tidak memahami dengan benar pribadi Tuhan yang disembah. Hal ini terlhat dari kebingungan umat Kristen ketika berapologet dengan non Kristen. Oleh karena itu penting mengenal dan memahami siapa pribadi YHWH dalam alkitab. Dan bagaimana YHWH bertindak sebagai TUHAN bagi bangsa Israel. Sebagai TUHAN, YHWH memiliki perjanjian dengan umat pilihan-Nya. Oleh karena itu sangat penting memahami pribadi YHWH dan bagaimana ikatan hubungan dengan umat Israel. TUHAN tidak dapat diukur dengan nama tertentu, untuk menentukan siapa pribadi-Nya sesungguhnya. Israel kuno banyak menggunakan julukan kepada pribadi TUHAN, bahwa pemberian ragam nama TUHAN Israel sebatas menyatakan ada satu figur yang lebih tinggi, lebih hebat, lebih kudus, atau lebih berkuasa dari manusia. Dalam Keluaran 19 isi perjanjian merupakan perjanjian yang baru antar TUHAN dan bangsa Israel.
Administrasi Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan (PTK 2)
Authors: sarinami putri
Published: May 2020

this article is made to explain about administrative educators and education personnel. In administrative educators and education personnel (PTK), they organize and make some planning for educational process so that it will reach educational purposes. The educators and education personnel, on carrying out their work, are given some reward and dispensation. The reward is in form of subsidy, and the dispensation is in the form of permission to take some leave (in some condition). In addition, administrative educators and education personnel (PTK) organize and make some planning for educational process so that it will reach educational purposes.
A new ERP repetition paradigm to assess independence of regularity representations in the extrastriate cortex.
Authors: Makin Alexis David James , Tyson-Carr John , Bertamini Marco , Derpsch Yiovanna , Rampone Giulia
Published: May 2020

An ERP component called the Sustained Posterior Negativity (SPN) indexes the brain response to regularity in visual patterns (e.g. vertical reflectional symmetry, horizontal reflectional symmetry or rotational symmetry). However it is unclear if different regularities are coded by independent or overlapping neural populations. Previous work has successfully exploited repetition effects to assess representational independence, and we adapted this approach to investigate visual regularity. Experiment 1 (N = 48) found that SPN amplitude increased when three reflectional symmetry patterns were presented sequentially. This SPN priming effect did not survive changes in retinal location (Experiment 2, N = 48) or non-orthogonal changes in axis orientation (Experiment 3, N= 48). However, SPN priming transferred between vertical and horizontal axis orientation (Experiment 4, N= 48) and between reflectional and rotational symmetry (Experiment 5, N= 48). We conclude that visual regularities at different retinal locations are coded independently. However, there is some overlap between different regularities presented at the same retinal location.
Authoritarianism and authority: from health to society
Authors: Mendes Marcelo
Published: May 2020

Most of the time, the authority’s phenomenon has been distorted and has been totalized and reduced with the same meaning of the authoritarianism. Especially in sensible moments that have impacted a massive number of people – like the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) –, it is many common distortions be potentialized. The current essay aimed to present some relationships between authority and authoritarianism in a scenario dichotomized by the left and right political positions. It is an opportunity to enlightening some structural processes of alienation and collaborated with more evident perspectives about social development, from health to society.
Eagle Syndrome: An Unusual Cause of Stroke Successfully Treated by Angioplasty and Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Ciceri Elisa , Ciceri Elisa , Conte Marco , Plebani Mauro , Zampieri Piergiuseppe , Augelli Raffaele
Published: May 2020

We report a case of a 50-year-old male presenting with right arm weakness and mixed aphasia after
motorcycle accident. Basal CT/MR imaging showed absence of acute brain lesions and left internal carotid
artery (ICA) wall hematoma at C1-C2 level close to a prominent styloid process. Multiphase CT
angiography confirmed ICA dissection and a hypertrophic styloid process compressing the ICA at the same
level; ipsilateral intracranial blood flow delay and good collateral circulation were present in the latest CTA
phases [1]. Due to Patient neurological status deterioration, with progressive global aphasia and right
hemiplegia onset, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed urgently. DSA confirmed the CTA
findings together with slowing of cerebral blood flow above the dissection; after mechanical thrombectomy
by aspiration followed by balloon angioplasty, good blood flow and vessel caliber restoration were obtained.
Post-procedural control and follow-up findings are described together with revision of the recent literature
on the possible association between cerebral ischemic stroke and Eagle syndrome.
KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PIDANA TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA KESUSILAAN BERDASARKAN INTERNET (CYBER SEX)
Authors: Lestari Melanie Pita
Published: May 2020

Salah satu masalah cyber crime yang juga sangat meresahkan dan mendapat perhatian berbagai pihak adalah masalah cyber crime di bidang kesusilaan (cyber pornography) khususnya child pornography dan cyber sex. Penyalahgunaan internet di dunia maya kini belum ada peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengaturnya secara khusus, terlebih yang dikaitkan dengan perbuatan asusila atau seks. Padahal di dunia cyber masalah yang berhubungan dengan seks menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan dalam aspek hukum, moral dan agama. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis peraturan hukum pidana baik masa kini maupun masa yang akan datang dalam menanggulangi kejahatan di bidang cybersex. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan hukum terkait cybersex yang merupakan bentuk baru perzinahan harus segera dikedepankan baik secara penal maupun non penal. Upaya rekonstruksi sebagai upaya penanggulangan tetap menjadi kebutuhan. Di samping itu, upaya non penal pun dapat ditempuh dengan beberapa pendakatan, seperti; teknologi, budaya, dan regulasi administrasi.
ANALISIS TERHADAP PESAWAT PENUMPANG KOMERSIL WINGS AIR YANG MENGALAMI INSIDEN PECAH BAN MENURUT ASAS KEAMANAN DAN KESELAMATAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Wahyuni Sri
Published: May 2020

Angkutan udara merupakan salah satu alternatif pilihan bagi konsumen yang ingin menempuh jarak perjalanan yang jauh dengan waktu yang relatif lebih cepat dibandingkan angkutan laut dan angkutan darat. Di sisi lain, masih banyak insiden kecelakaan yang terjadi khususnya pada pesawat terbang komersil yang mengangkut penumpang mulai dari jatuhnya pesawat di perairan, tabrakan pesawat pada bagian sayap hingga insiden pesawat mengalami pecah ban. Salah satu insiden pecahnya ban pada bagian pesawat terbang adalah Pesawat Wings Air pada tanggal 6 Januari 2019 pesawat Wings Air IW-1390 merupakan penerbangan berjadwal yang sudah dipersiapkan dengan baik menurut aturan. Kejadian ini sangat berdampak pada jadwal penerbangan sehingga mengakibatkan keterlambatan. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa keamanan dan keselamatan para penumpang belum terpenuhi sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Penerbangan Nomor 1 tahun 2009 dan asas keamanan dan keselamatan konsumen dalam Pasal 2 Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen Nomor 8 Tahun 1999. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian hukum normatif atau penelitian perpustakaan ini merupakan penelitian yang mengkaji studi dokumen, yakni menggunakan berbagai data sekunder seperti peraturan perundang-undangan, keputusan pengadilan, teori hukum, dan dapat berupa pendapat para sarjana.
Exploring the Role of Fun in Organizational Commitment, Creative Performance, and Job Stress: A Case of Higher Education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Tufail Muhammad , Ali Nazim , Ali Zahid
Published: May 2020

Any organization desires to have an environment of less job stress, committed employees, and impressive performance in every dimension of their organization. The study at hand is designed to find how fun is related to organizational commitment, creative performance, and job stress. The study is qualitative in nature and used a single case-study design as a research strategy. The target population is an institution of higher studies. Sixteen faculty members from the institute participated. The faculty members were interviewed to find out the relationship of fun with the aforementioned constructs. Findings indicated that people had felt more commitment towards the organization due to fun at the workplace. Fun also proved to be instrumental in enhancing creative performance and reducing job stress. The study provides incentivize directions to institutions and make employees productive cum creative performers. Along with the implementers the policymakers can take benefit from the study.
Phytoplankton communities of small watercourses of urbanized ecosystems (on the example of the Lososna river, Grodno, Belarus)
Authors: Pribylovskaya Natalia S. , Marchik Tatsiana P. , Taranova Ekaterina A.
Published: May 2020

On the example of the small Lososna river (Grodno, Belarus), the changes in the phytoplankton community in urbanized areas for the period 2015–2018 are shown and compared with the data previously obtained in 2008. The species diversity of the Lososna river phytoplankton was represented by 87 species from six divisions dominated by Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta (the algocenosis is dominated by the chlorophytic-diatom complex). There was an increase in species diversity relative to 2008 (36 species), which indicates a positive dynamic of reducing the inflow of pollutants into the watercourse. The calculated saprobity indices correspond to the β-mesosaprobic type, which makes it possible to attribute the water of the Lososna river to the 4th rank and III class of water quality (satisfactory purity), and to characterize changes in the ecosystem as reversible.
Assessment of the agricultural soil use by remote sensing (Perm Region, on the example of LLC “Krona-Agro”)
Authors: Chashchin Aleksey N. , Zhizhilev Vladimir P.
Published: May 2020

For rapid and accurate assessment of the agricultural soil use it is effective to use remote sensing methods. The aim of the work was to evaluate the modern agricultural use of soil according to the data of remote sensing of the Earth of one of the agricultural enterprises of Perm region. Digitization of a large-scale soil map of land use was carried out, the rate of soil overgrowing by woody and shrub vegetation was estimated. Based on satellite data, the modern boundaries of cultivated soils are identified. The basis for creating digital soil maps was the “Krone Agro” scanned soil map, the SRTM radar survey data of 2003 and multispectral images of the Landsat 5 series (March 1988), Landsat 8 (February 2018) and Sentinel 2 (July 2018) were used from remote materials. Creation of cartographic materials and processing of satellite images was carried out in a full-featured open source GIS Quantum GIS. Soddy-podzolic soils predominate on the farm territory and their area is 1,448.1 hectares or 27.3%. As a result of study, it was found that over the period from 1988 to 2018, soil overgrowth occurred. The area of overgrowing was 1575,9 of the total area of the studied territory. Sodbrown (50%), sod-calcareous (10%) and sod-weakly podzolic (40%) soils passed into the fallow state. As a result of the analysis of multi-temporal satellite information, we have established a tendency to reduce arable land. The area ofarable land was reduced by 40 percent, while the number of fields decreased from 35 to 26. In the soil cover of existing fields, the proportion of soil cover with a strong contrast ratio is significant.
ANALISIS PENGAKUAN PENDAPATAN DAN PENCATATAN AKUNTANSI PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN PERDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN PADA BADAN PENGELOLA PAJAK DAN RETRIBUSI DAERAH KOTA BITUNG
Authors: Andea Selint Gar , Sondakh Jullie J. , Budiarso Novi Swandari
Published: May 2020

Land and Building Tax is a state tax imposed on land and or buildings in accordance with Law Number 12 of 1994. The purpose of this study is to determine whether revenue recognition and accounting records of PBB-P2 at the Regional Tax and Retribution Management Agency city of Bitung is in accordance with Government Regulation Number 71 Year 2010. This study uses descriptive qualitative research where primary data obtained directly will then be analyzed, so that the results obtained can answer the main purpose of this study. The results show that recognition of tax revenue in Bitung City BPPRD which included, among others, recognition of tax revenue-LRA (Budget Realization Report), recognition of tax-LO income (Operational Report) and recording of PBB-P2 accounting at BPPRD in Bitung, had going well and in accordance with Law Number 71 of 2010.
La regulación del voluntariado en el contexto de las transformaciones jurídicas del Estado social
Authors: García Inda Andrés
Published: May 2020

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Reseñas
Authors: Sequeiros San Román, S.I. Leandro , López Caballero Alfonso , Trechera Herreros José Luis , Prieto Martínez Fernando , Alcaide Sánchez Jacinto
Published: May 2020

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"Las condiciones de vida de la población pobre de la provincia de Almería" (Recensión)
Authors: Romero Rodríguez, S.I. José Juan
Published: May 2020

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论大气污染源排放清单构建技术难点及对策
Authors: 张 征宇 , 朱 旻杰 , 陆 芳华
Published: May 2020

文章将结合以往数据资料对大气污染源排放清单构建中存在的问题及难点进行分析探讨,并结合目前实际情况,制定科学合理的解决措施和对策,旨在充分发挥大气污染源排放清单的作用,为管理部门开展大气污染防治工提供科学技术支撑。
园林废弃物资源化利用建议
Authors: 樊 磊
Published: May 2020

园林绿化废弃物是指园林植物自然凋落或人工修剪所产生的植物残体,主要包括树叶、草屑、树木与灌木剪枝等。其主要成分为木质纤维素,可以用作植物覆盖、绿化堆肥、景观营造等。随着城市绿化的快速发展,产生了一些值得关注的问题和矛盾,植物生理产物一园林绿化废弃物的处置就是其中之一。如能将城市绿地土壤生态功能的维护与园林绿化废弃物的循环利用相结合,将对减轻城市环境压力,提高城市绿地土壤质量,促进城市节能减排和生态环境建设有非常重要的意义。
道桥环保材料用环氧树脂改性沥青材料的配方研究
Authors: 叶 鹏
Published: May 2020

道桥环保材料以石油沥青和环氧树脂为主要原料制备了道桥用环氧树脂改性沥青材料,主要研究了配方中增容剂、固化剂、增韧荆的选择和配比以及环氧树脂的掺量对于环氧沥青材料性能的影响,并对实验结果进行了分析讨论。
环保工程中的污染源在线监控及其防治
Authors: 朱 骏超 , 沈 毅
Published: May 2020

污染源在线监控系统可以为环境保护工程采集具有时效性、可靠性的环境信息,提高信息的利用率,最大化的为环境监测与管理提供及时、准确科学的依据。基于此,以下就环保工程中的污染源在线监控及其防治进行了探讨分析。
2014年春节前后成都一次持续重度污染过程特征分析
Authors: 关 亚双 , 商 晓东
Published: May 2020

为研究2014年春节前后成都重度污染过程中污染物变化规律和气象特征,对2014年1月7日-2月6日成都地区四个站点(金泉两河,十里店,三瓦窑,人民公园)的PM2.5,PM10,SO2,NO2,CO,O3逐时浓度值及期间地面气象条件和高空天气形势进行分析。
试析城市河道生态治理及环境修复措施
Authors: 胡 海微
Published: May 2020

近年来,在社会经济的不断刺激下,各个地区均出现了不同程度的生态环境污染情况,尤其城市河道生态问题更为严重。一个城市水资源的好坏,直接影响着城市居民的身体健康,并且对于城市的发展也有着间接的影响。本文基于城市河道生态环境中的现存问题,分析了修复城市河道生态环境的具体措施。
大数据技术在大气监测中的应用
Authors: 武 万奎
Published: May 2020

随着我国信息技术的不断发展,信息化时代让我们的日常生活发生了很大变化,而信息时代下的大数据特征也让我们的数据分析技术得到了长足发展。各行各业在运行过程中无时无刻不在产生各种数据,面对这种情况大数据技术的发展速度明显加快。大数据技术的技术特征体现在数据搜集、数据分析、数据存储等多个方面。大气监测是我们了解大气环境并且评价当前污染情况的重要工作,在现代化发展过程中大数据技术在大气监测工作中得到了充分地应用,本文将针对相关内容进行详细分析。
内陆一般工业城市固体废物处置问题的思考
Authors: 曾 书琴 , 许 新 , 高 飞
Published: May 2020

针对内陆一般工业城市亟待解决的固体废物问题,以中部某省一般工业城市为例,开展固体废物现状分析、问题探讨、提出建议,为同类城市的固废治理提供经验。
探究在生态环境保护工作中如何利用新闻宣传的引导
Authors: 周 勇 , 肖 丽宾
Published: May 2020

近年来,生态环境问题已经成为人们关注热点问题,不仅对人的身体健康产生着重要影响,也关乎我国经济社会发展。保护生态环境不仅是国家社会的任务,也是每个人的责任,必须要树立保护环境人人有责的意识。文章主要论述了利用新闻媒体在环境保护中的角色定位,并对其在生态环境保护中的引导作用进行了分析。
“三线一单”理论在规划环评中的实践
Authors: 刘 振祥 , 李 增加 , 靳 涵丞
Published: May 2020

近年来,在我国经济文化繁荣发展的信息时代中,环境质量受到社会各界的高度关注。尤其是新环境保护法的出台、实施,提高了环境保护力度。三线一单,实际上就是生态保护红线、环境质量底线、资源利用上线、环境准入负面清单。2019年7月1日我国“三线一单”编制工作已经全面开展,基于此本文在研究中,一方面分析了对工业园区的概述与三线一单的应用价值,另一方面探讨了三线一单的具体实践。
多元共治视角下河长制创新实践研究——以重庆市涪陵区为例
Authors: 陈 双艳 , 李 贵科
Published: May 2020

河长制是多方利益集团进行权力义务划割的治水制度,多元共治是制度设计的关键。本文聚焦河长制的实践模式及其机制创新等问题,以重庆市涪陵区河长制推行中的经验和不足为线索,从“政策制定、执行、监督、评估问责”等方面对涪陵区河长制推行中存在的问题进行分析,探索影响政策执行有效性的因素,结合史密斯的政策执行模型以多元共治为视角提出改善河长制推行效果的策略,为破解涪陵区河湖治理难题、促进生态文明建设提供借鉴经验。
浅论农业生态环境保护与农业可持续发展
Authors: 鲍 卫国
Published: May 2020

中国作为农业大国,社会发展的基础就是农业,国计民生与农业的发展有着直接的关系。最近几年,因为社会经济发展太过于迅速,导致生态环境问题极为严峻,这也极为影响农业的可持续发展。这就意味着,农业发展与生态环境保护二者要齐头并进,才能够将可持续发展进行到底。本文对农业生态环境以及农业可持续发展进行分析,并提供了关于农业生态环境的保护以及农业可持续发展实现的更多细节。
浅谈小学语文教学中如何培养学生的自主预习习惯
Authors: 曾 德敏
Published: May 2020

新课改背景下，引导学生养成自主预习的好习惯对小学语文教学非常重要，在实际教学中，教师可以引导学生运用各种有效方法进行自主预习，使其具备较强的自主学习能力，促进他们的全面成长和发展。为此，本文先阐述了学生养成自主预习习惯的重要性，并提出了有效措施，希望能提升学生的自主预习效果。
高中数学学科核心素养的培养研究
Authors: 范 秀玲
Published: May 2020

伴随着教育体系的逐步完善，课改的与时俱进，高中数学也顺应时代需求跟着时代步伐潜移默化的发生着转变，在教学的方式和模式上都有了新的变化。相比较于传统的教学相长对于知识的传授，新的理念下更是着重于核心素质的培养，更能抓住教学的本质。高中是一个知识密集的学习阶段，也是学生知识大爆炸式增长的时期，学生接受知识的能力各不相同，对于数学的认知理解不全面，学好高中数学应该着力于数学的背景、数学的思维、数学语言表达能力，这都是数学核心素养潜移默化的体现，因此核心素养是数学教学的重中之重。
运用思维导图开展小学语文古诗教学的探究
Authors: 吉 淑芬
Published: May 2020

诗词是一种特殊的问题，它就有别样的文字艺术感，是我国国代人们遗留下的瑰宝，对当代人来说，古代诗词具有非常重要的教育意义。我国的教育领域对诗词教学非常的重视，在小学阶段，收录了大量的诗词内容，目的就是让小学生可以收到传统文化的熏陶。但是在实际的小学语文古诗教学中，学生的表现出了非常差的学习状态，他们在接受诗词知识上非常的消极，对于这种情况老师必须要转变传统的教学方法。本文对思维导图在小学语文古诗教学中的应用进行分析，并且提出了几点相关性浅见。
小学语文教学中学生自主阅读教学预习措施
Authors: 罗 翠银
Published: May 2020

在学习过程中，预习是非常重要，对于提高学生的学习和理解能力都是十分重要的。在小学语文教学中，教师应该有意识地采取相应的方式培养学生预习的习惯。通过预习，可以让学生在学习中有更深地理解和思考，可以更好地学习语文。本文首先分析了预习的方法，然后分析探讨了学生应该预习的内容。
小学英语绘本阅读与教材融合促进学生核心素养发展探究
Authors: 曲 丽丽
Published: May 2020

绘本主题多元而丰富，通过绘本与教材的有机融合，激发学生的阅读兴趣，启发学生独立思考，培养学生的多元文化素养、国际视野和家国情怀。使学生逐渐具备能够适应终身发展和社会发展需要的必备品格和关键能力。
浅析转变小学语文学困生的实践策略
Authors: 杨 廷菊
Published: May 2020

为了适应全新的新课标教育改革要求，就需要在教育过程中有效地改变学困生的现状。提升教育质量，让学生接受较好的学习。促进学生的全面发展，才能够健全语文教学的水平得到更高的要求。
在技工机械基础课程教学中行动导向教学法的应用研究
Authors: 徐 磊娟
Published: May 2020

技工院校的办学目的是为社会培养专业化技术人才，因此教学中需要重视培养学生的实际应用能力和操作能力。机械基础课程是技工院校中一门基础课程，而且教学内容符合生产生活实际需求。因此教学中需要利用有效的教学方法，提高学生的学习兴趣，让学生认识到本门课程的重要性，能够更好的理解和掌握机械基础的知识，强化动手能力，为以后的就业打下坚实的基础。本文对技工学校机械基础课程教学中行动导向教学方法的应用进行研究，并提出相应的教学措施。
2020年疫情期间居家健身的意义
Authors: 张 永川
Published: May 2020

2020年，新型冠状病毒的出现，对人们的生产、生活造成了很大的影响。但疫情带来的影响，并不能阻止人们对健康生活的向往。在疫情期间，全国各地都发布了居家健身的指导意见，只有提高自身的免疫力，才能更好地应对疫情带来的影响，打赢抗疫战。本文以疫情期间居家健身开展的意义进行讨论，提出居家健身的具体方式。
疫情形势下高校招生宣传工作困境与应对策略
Authors: 张 莉
Published: May 2020

高校招生宣传工作的开展对于社会的发展来说非常重要，同时和考生以及家长的利益相关，是社会平稳发展的重要基础，对社会的发展产生一定影响。2020年高校在招生宣传上需要做好调整，恰逢新冠状病毒防治阶段，怎样保障这一年高校招生宣传工作的有效开展至关重要，在疫情期间，降低学校传播的几率。鉴于此，本文将对疫情形势下高校招生宣传工作的开展进行分析。
Preferencias de los granívoros con respecto al tamaño y la calidad de las bellotas en un bosque de Quercus en la zona centroseptentrional de México
Authors: Gamboa A. , Barragán F.
Published: May 2020

Acorns of the species of the genus Quercus are highly appreciated by a diverse group of animals. It remains unclear whether the choice to move an acorn is related to the intrinsic characteristics of the fruit. In this work, we aimed to determine whether the size and quality of acorns (healthy or damaged) influenced their removal. We found that Q. affinis was the species with the largest acorns but the lowest removal rate, and Q. eduardii was the species with the smallest acorns but highest removal rates. Two groups of vertebrates carried out this removal, and this activity occurred at two clearly separate times. Jays Aphelocoma spp. carried out their activity during the day, and rodents Peromyscus spp. removed acorns at night. Size and quality only had a significant influence on the removal of Q. affinis. Our results suggest that absence of large animals could put the establishment of species with large acorns (such as Q. affinis) at risk.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Peer Lesson terhadap Kemampuan Procedural Fluency Matematika
Authors: Mailantri Ismi , Putri Rahmi , Sari Maila , Ulandari Nelpita
Published: May 2020

This study aims to determine (1) the mathematical fluency procedural ability of students taught using the peer lesson learning model and those not taught with the peer lesson learning model in class VIII, and (2) the effect of the peer lesson learning model on the mathematics procedural fluency ability of grade VIII students . The population in this study was grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 11 Sungai Penuh, for the study sample consisted of 2 classes from 3 classes in the population, the samples in this study were taken by random sampling technique in which class VIII B was an experimental class and class VIII C was a control class. . Based on the results of research using the t-test for hypothesis testing, it was found that the peer lesson learning model affected the mathematical procedural fluency ability of students in class VIII.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Aljabar Berbasis Problem Based Learning untuk Mendukung Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematika Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Authors: Winarni Sri , Marlina Marlina
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this research is to develop learning tools based for Algebra on Problem Based Learning (PBL) to support the mathematics communication ability of Junior High School students. Learning tools developed in this development research is students’ worksheets. The research method used is 4D model, which consists of 4 stages, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The results of worksheets’ validation by experts were 4,05 for the layout design and 4,19 for the content (both were categorized as valid). In addition, the students respons that the students’ worksheets were practical (with average of 3,94) and the teacher responses that these were very practical (with average of 4,23). Thus, based on the expert validation as well as the students and teacher of mathematics responses, the learning tools developed have already met the criteria of valid and practical and ready for the field testing to see its effectiveness on students’ mathematics communication ability.
XIV. VE XV. YÜZYIL OSMANLI HANEDANINDA GERÇEKLEŞEN EVLİLİKLER
Authors: KARAKOÇ Kübra
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmada genel olarak XIV. ve XV. yüzyıllarda Osmanlı dünyasında evlilik için gerçekleştirilen düğünler ile sünnet düğünleri incelenmiştir. Evlilik düğünleri bir toplumun geleneklerinin en çok göz önüne serildiği olaylardan birisidir. Sünnet düğünleri ise geleneksel kültürel faaliyetlerin din olgusuyla birleşmesiyle dayanışma ve aynı toplumun fertleri olmanın hissedildiği anlardır. Bu düğünler esnasında yöneten ve yönetilenler aynı ortamda buluşurlar. Hayatın bir parçası olan düğünler sosyal bir olay olarak toplum üzerindeki birleştirici ve bütünleştirici özelliğinin yanında aynı zamanda yardımlaşma için yapılan etkinliklerdir. Yönetenin kudreti ve adaleti düğüne yansır. Davetliler güçleri oranında hediyesiyle düğüne iştirak eder. Düğüne davet ve ona icabet toplumda var olan adeta gizli bir toplumsal sözleşmenin yenilenmesi anlamı taşır. Düğüne davet edilmemek ya da davete sebepsiz icabet etmemek sosyal ilişkileri yeniden gözden geçirilmesi gerektirecek kadar önemli olarak algılanır. Hanedan üyelerinin düğünleri siyasi ve diplomatik özellik içerdiğinden düğün merasimleri devletler arasında resmi protokolü gerektiren önemli bir olay olarak kabul edilmiştir.