bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SibylSat: Using SAT as an Oracle to Perform a Greedy Search on TOHTN Planning
Authors: Quenard Gaspard , Pellier Damier , Fiorino Humbert
Published: October 2024

This paper presents SibylSat, a novel SAT-based method designed to efficiently solve totally-ordered HTN problems (TOHTN). In contrast to prevailing SAT-based HTN planners that employ a breadth-first search strategy, SibylSat adopts a greedy search approach, enabling it to identify promising decompositions for expansion. The selection process is facilitated by a heuristic derived from solving a relaxed problem, which is also expressed as a SAT problem. Our experimental evaluations demonstrate that SibylSat outperforms existing SAT-based TOHTN approaches in terms of both runtime and plan quality on most of the IPC benchmarks, while also solving a larger number of problems.
On Parallel External-Memory Bidirectional Search
Authors: Siag Lior , Shperberg Shahaf S. , Felner Ariel , Sturtevant Nathan R.
Published: October 2024

Parallelization and External Memory (PEM) techniques have significantly enhanced the capabilities of search algorithms when solving large-scale problems. Previous research on PEM has primarily centered on unidirectional algorithms, with only one publication on bidirectional PEM that focuses on the meet-in-the-middle (MM) algorithm. Building upon this foundation, this paper presents a framework that integrates both uni- and bi-directional best-first search algorithms into this framework. We then develop a PEM variant of the state-of-the-art bidirectional heuristic search (BiHS) algorithm BAE* (PEM-BAE*). As previous work on BiHS did not focus on scaling problem sizes, this work enables us to evaluate bidirectional algorithms on hard problems. Empirical evaluation shows that PEM-BAE* outperforms the PEM variants of A* and the MM algorithm, as well as a parallel variant of IDA*. These findings mark a significant milestone, revealing that bidirectional search algorithms clearly outperform unidirectional search algorithms across several domains, even when equipped with state-of-the-art heuristics.
Cost Partitioning for Multiple Sequence Alignment
Authors: Skjelnes Mika , Gnad Daniel , Seipp Jendrik
Published: October 2024

Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) is a fundamental problem in computational biology that is used to understand the evolutionary history of protein, DNA, or RNA sequences. An optimal alignment for two sequences can efficiently be found using dynamic programming, but computing optimal alignments for more sequences continues to be a hard problem. A common method to solve MSA problems is A* search with admissible heuristics, computed from subsets of the input sequences. In this paper, we consider MSA from the perspective of cost partitioning and relate the existing heuristics for MSA to uniform cost partitioning and post-hoc optimization, two well-known techniques from the automated planning literature. We show that the MSA heuristics are bounded by uniform cost partitioning and that post-hoc optimization yields strictly dominating heuristics. For a common benchmark set of protein sequences and a set of DNA sequences, we show that the theoretical dominance relations between the heuristics carry over to practical instances.
A Lazy Approach to Neural Numerical Planning with Control Parameters
Authors: Heesch René , Cimatti Alessandro , Ehrhardt Jonas , Diedrich Alexander , Niggemann Oliver
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we tackle the problem of planning in complex numerical domains, where actions are indexed by control parameters, and their effects may be described by neural networks. We propose a lazy, hierarchical approach based on two ingredients. First, a Satisfiability Modulo Theory solver looks for an abstract plan where the neural networks in the model are abstracted into uninterpreted functions. Then, we attempt to concretize the abstract plan by querying the neural network to determine the control parameters. If the concretization fails and no valid control parameters could be found, suitable information to refine the abstraction is lifted to the Satisfiability Modulo Theory model. We contrast our work against the state of the art in NN-enriched numerical planning, where the neural network is eagerly and exactly represented as terms in Satisfiability Modulo Theories over nonlinear real arithmetic. Our systematic evaluation on four different planning domains shows that avoiding symbolic reasoning about the neural network not only leads to substantial efficiency improvements, but also enables their integration as black-box models.
Gotta Catch ’Em All! Sequence Flaws in CEGAR for Classical Planning
Authors: Pozo Martín , Torralba Álvaro , Linares López Carlos
Published: October 2024

Counterexample-Guided Abstraction Refinement (CEGAR) is a prominent technique to generate Cartesian abstractions for guiding search in cost-optimal planning. The core idea is to iteratively refine the abstraction, by finding a flaw in the current optimal abstract plan. Previous works find only a single flaw, by executing the abstract plan in the concrete state space and stopping when such execution cannot be continued. We show, however, that many flaws can be identified on a single plan. To that end, we introduce sequence flaws, which execute the plan in a Cartesian relaxation of the task to characterize issues beyond the first flaw found along its execution. This greatly increases the flexibility of CEGAR regarding how to refine the abstraction. Our experiments show that a high number of sequence flaws exist in most abstract plans across existing benchmarks. We observe that the selected flaw has a high impact on the resulting heuristic, opening new research opportunities for better selection strategies.
Decentralized Unlabeled Multi-Agent Pathfinding Via Target And Priority Swapping
Authors: Dergachev Stepan , Yakovlev Konstantin
Published: October 2024

In this paper we study a challenging variant of the multi-agent pathfinding problem (MAPF), when a set of agents must reach a set of goal locations, but it does not matter which agent reaches a specific goal – Anonymous MAPF (AMAPF). Current optimal and suboptimal AMAPF solvers rely on the existence of a centralized controller which is in charge of both target assignment and pathfinding. We extend the state of the art and present the first AMAPF solver capable of solving the problem at hand in a fully decentralized fashion, when each agent makes decisions individually and relies only on the local communication with the others. The core of our method is a priority and target swapping procedure tailored to produce consistent goal assignments (i.e. making sure that no two agents are heading towards the same goal). Coupled with an established rule-based path planning, we end up with a TP-SWAP, an efficient and flexible approach to solve decentralized AMAPF. On the theoretical side, we prove that TP-SWAP is complete (i.e. TP-SWAP guarantees that each target will be reached by some agent). Empirically, we evaluate TP-SWAP across a wide range of setups and compare it to both centralized and decentralized baselines. Indeed, TP-SWAP outperforms the fully-decentralized competitor and can even outperform the semi-decentralized one (i.e. the one relying on the initial consistent goal assignment) in terms of flowtime (a widespread cost objective in MAPF).
Device-Specific Facial Descriptors: Winning a Lottery with a SuperNet
Authors: Savchenko Andrey , Maslov Dmitry , Makarov Ilya
Published: October 2024

We address the challenge of devising neural network architectures to extract facial descriptors across diverse mobile and edge devices. Employing neural architecture search, we introduce a novel framework that selects optimal subnetworks from a SuperNet using an evolutionary search. Using a surrogate gradient boosting classifier to avoid direct accuracy estimation of subnetworks on validation sets, our approach swiftly delivers the most efficient and accurate models tailored to specific devices within minutes. Demonstrating versatility through an Android demo app, our framework excels in tasks like face recognition and emotion understanding across various devices, achieving real-time processing and superior accuracy compared to existing mobile models.
PEACE: Providing Explanations and Analysis for Combating Hate Expressions
Authors: Damo Greta , Ocampo Nicolás Benjamín , Cabrio Elena , Villata Serena
Published: October 2024

The increasing presence of hate speech (HS) on social media poses significant societal challenges. While efforts in the Natural Language Processing community have focused on automating the detection of explicit forms of HS, subtler and indirect expressions often go unnoticed. This demo presents PEACE, a novel tool that, besides detecting if a social media message contains explicit or implicit HS, also generates detailed natural language explanations for such predictions. More specifically, PEACE addresses three main challenging tasks: i) exploring the characteristics of HS messages, ii) predicting hatefulness, and iii) elucidating the reasoning behind system predictions. A REST API is also provided to exploit the tool’s functionalities.
Constrained LLM-Based Query Generation for Question Answering on Official Statistics
Authors: Kouwenhoven Jonas , Lageweg Lucas , Kruit Benno
Published: October 2024

This research explores the development of a knowledge graph statistical question answering system for Statistics Netherlands. Aimed at efficiently retrieving single statistical values from their extensive database, which encompasses over a billion values across more than 4,000 tables, we propose a comprehensive three-component framework consisting of: (1) a data augmentation method to generate synthetic data, (2) an entity retrieval system that leverages various encoder networks along with different hard negative mining techniques for the effective retrieval of tables, measures, and dimensions, and (3) an innovative large language model-based query generator. A central innovation of our research is the introduction of a dynamic prompting technique for query generation, which creates prompts specifically for a certain phase of the token generation. This approach ensures that the model is supplied with information relevant for generating specific tokens in a symbolic query. With this approach, we propose a novel system that can help find relevant information in official statistics and similar systems, which is vital for governmental decision making and all fields of research utilising and relying on these statistics.
Novelty Accommodating Multi-Agent Planning in High Fidelity Simulated Open World
Authors: Chao James , Piotrowski Wiktor , Stern Roni , Ortiz-Peña Héctor , Manzanares Mitch , Mohan Shiwali , Lange Douglas
Published: October 2024

Autonomous agents operating within real-world environments often rely on automated planners to ascertain optimal actions towards desired goals or the optimization of a specified objective function. Integral to these agents are common architectural components such as schedulers, tasked with determining the timing for executing planned actions, and execution engines, responsible for carrying out these scheduled actions while monitoring their outcomes. We address the significant challenge that arises when unexpected phenomena, termed novelties, emerge within the environment, altering its fundamental characteristics, composition, and dynamics. This challenge is inherent in all deployed real-world applications and may manifest suddenly and without prior notice or explanation. The introduction of novelties into the environment can lead to inaccuracies within the planner’s internal model, rendering previously generated plans obsolete. Recent research introduced agent design aimed at detecting and adapting to such novelties. However, these designs lack consideration for action scheduling in continuous time-space, coordination of concurrent actions by multiple agents, or memory-based novelty accommodation. Additionally, the application has been primarily demonstrated in lower fidelity environments. In our study, we propose a general purpose AI agent framework designed to detect, characterize, and adapt to novelties in highly noisy, complex, and stochastic environments that support concurrent actions and external scheduling. We showcase the efficacy of our agent through experimentation within a high-fidelity simulator for realistic military scenarios.
iSee: Advancing Multi-Shot Explainable AI Using Case-Based Recommendations
Authors: Wijekoon Anjana , Wiratunga Nirmalie , Corsar David , Martin Kyle , Nkisi-Orji Ikechukwu , Palihawadana Chamath , Caro-Martínez Marta , Díaz-Agudo Belen , Bridge Derek , Liret Anne
Published: October 2024

Explainable AI (XAI) can greatly enhance user trust and satisfaction in AI-assisted decision-making processes. Recent findings suggest that a single explainer may not meet the diverse needs of multiple users in an AI system; indeed, even individual users may require multiple explanations. This highlights the necessity for a “multi-shot” approach, employing a combination of explainers to form what we introduce as an “explanation strategy”. Tailored to a specific user or a user group, an “explanation experience” describes interactions with personalised strategies designed to enhance their AI decision-making processes. The iSee platform is designed for the intelligent sharing and reuse of explanation experiences, using Case-based Reasoning to advance best practices in XAI. The platform provides tools that enable AI system designers, i.e. design users, to design and iteratively revise the most suitable explanation strategy for their AI system to satisfy end-user needs. All knowledge generated within the iSee platform is formalised by the iSee ontology for interoperability. We use a summative mixed methods study protocol to evaluate the usability and utility of the iSEE platform with six design users across varying levels of AI and XAI expertise. Our findings confirm that the iSee platform effectively generalises across applications and its potential to promote the adoption of XAI best practices.
X-Vent: ICU Ventilation with Explainable Model-Based Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Safaei Farhad , Nenadović Milos , Liessner Roman , Theilen Raphael , Wittenstein Jakob , Lehmann Jens , Vahdati Sahar
Published: October 2024

This study introduces a Model-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning approach to enhance the effectiveness and transparency of mechanical ventilation treatment in the critical care setting of Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Distinct from conventional model-free methods, our approach benefits from the model-based algorithms’ capability to learn and interrogate dynamics models, enabling better generalization through synthetic data generation and a deeper understanding of the system dynamics. Coupled with Explainable AI (XAI) techniques, we focus on uncovering the underlying mechanisms of patient-ventilator interactions as learned by the AI. Our findings show a significant improvement in treatment efficacy, measured by Fitted Q Evaluation (FQE) metrics, achieved without the need for auxiliary rewards. This advancement not only highlights the potential of model-based reinforcement learning in healthcare but also emphasizes the importance of transparent AI design in healthcare applications.
An Examination of the Age Restriction of First-Time Voters in Indonesia's Elections from the Perspective of Maqashid Sharia
Authors: Faza Amrar Mahfuzh , Putra Dedisyah , Mafaid Ahmad , Rizki Juni Wati Sri
Published: October 2024

The age restrictions for first-time voters and the age requirements for electoral candidates in Indonesia have become topics of discussion and debate. One such debate revolves around the Constitutional Court’s (MK) Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023, which allows individuals under 40 years of age to run for president (capres) or vice president (cawapres), as long as they have experience as a regional head. The Supreme Court has also ruled on the minimum age for governor and deputy governor candidates, setting it at 30 years old, as outlined in Decision Number 23 P/HUM/2024. This study aims to analyze the shift in the paradigm regarding age restrictions for first-time voters in the context of Maqashid Syariah. The research employs a normative legal method with a statute approach to examine the paradigm shift in the regulation of age restrictions for voting rights and explores the implications of this shift on electoral justice and the integrity of political leaders, analyzed through the Maqashid Syariah approach. The findings of this study conclude that age restrictions on voting rights need to be relaxed, as age is no longer a determinant of a citizen’s maturity in thinking. In Islam, politics is intended to bring about public benefit in line with the objectives of shariah, as the principle states that the actions of a leader towards their people must be based on the common good. The age restrictions need to be re-evaluated, considering the principle that the original legal status of something is its nonexistence, meaning that the original legal basis for age restrictions on voting and candidacy does not exist. Another principle suggests that legal rulings (fatwas) can change due to changes in time, place, conditions, and objectives (intent). Therefore, it is necessary to re-evaluate the paradigm shift in the regulation of age restrictions for first-time voters to ensure fair elections and local elections for both candidates and voters.
Distribution of Radiation Dosage to Organs at Risk (Oar) With Variations in Depth Brachytherapy Application in Cervical Cancer Patients
Authors: Angelita Shinta  , Wahyu Setia Budi  , Evi Setiawati  , Sanggam Ramantisan  , Ridho Almareanta
Published: October 2024

The accurate planning and selection of applicators are crucial in brachytherapy treatment to deliver radiation doses with high precision, ensuring maximum tumor targeting while minimizing doses to surrounding healthy organs. This study aims to evaluate the influence of changes in intrauterine applicator depth on the distribution of radiation doses in cervical cancer patients. Data were obtained from records of 30 patients undergoing brachytherapy treatment, comparing 10 patients with an initial applicator depth of 5 cm as a reference. The applicator depth was then adjusted to 4 cm and 6 cm through re-planning. Data analysis involved comparing average doses and calculating differences for each patient to determine the percentage change in applicator depth. Research findings indicate variations in radiation doses to organs at risk (OAR) concerning applicator depth. The highest average OAR doses occurred at a depth of 6 cm, while the lowest doses were at a depth of 4 cm. The difference in average doses at a 4 cm applicator depth was 2,49% for the bladder and 1,15% for the rectum. At a depth of 6 cm, the difference in average doses was 1,66% for the bladder and 1,72% for the rectum. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test (<0.05) revealed significant differences in doses between compared applicator depths.
ФОРМИ ВІДШКОДУВАННЯ ШКОДИ ЖЕРТВАМ ЗБРОЙНОГО КОНФЛІКТУ В КОНТЕКСТІ КРИМІНОЛОГІЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПЕРЕХІДНОГО ПРАВОСУДДЯ: ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: ЛУЦЕНКО І.Г.
Published: October 2024

Стаття присвячена дослідженню зарубіжного досвіду застосування різних форм відшкодування шкоди жертвам конфліктів, в яких грубо порушувалися права і свободи людей, у період перехідного правосуддя. На прикладі Аргентини, Боснії і Герцеговини, Грузії, Індонезії, Чилі та Філіппін проаналізовано реалізацію таких видів відшкодування шкоди як реституція, компенсація, реабілітація, сатисфакція та гарантії неповторення. На досвіді зазначених країни відзначені позитивні аспекти цієї діяльності як от: виділення значного фінансування для виплати компенсацій (монетарна компенсація); створення змішаних систем відшкодування шкоди, де окрім грошових виплат, застосовуються такі види допомоги як соціальна, медична, психологічна тощо (реабілітація); визначення доволі широкого кола осіб, які охоплюються статусом жертви; застосування реституції щодо нерухомого майна; запровадження різного роду заходів з ушанування пам’яті жертв (сатисфакція). Разом із тим відмічені і негативні сторони, які мали місце при відшкодування шкоди жертвам, такі як спроби підмінити розслідування і притягнення винних до відповідальності фінансовим відшкодуванням; складні процедури ідентифікації жертв; фрагментарність та непослідовність у реалізації всіх елементів перехідного правосуддя; існування розбіжностей між суспільством і державою у питаннях відшкодування шкоди і взагалі потреб населення у перехідний період.
ПОВОЄННИЙ ТРАНЗИТ УКРАЇНИ: МАТРИЦЯ КРИМІНОГЕННИХ РИЗИКІВ ПЕРЕХІДНОГО ПРАВОСУДДЯ
Authors: ОРЛОВ Ю.В.
Published: October 2024

Стаття присвячена кримінологічному моделювання матриці криміногенних ризиків перехідного правосуддя. Поєднання довоєннних, воєнних й трансвоєнних факторів соціальної криміногенези репрезентує складну структуру соціальних станів і взаємодій, що можуть бути уявлені як ризоматичне утворення, ризома. Таке утворення характеризується численними вузлами й зв’язками без вираженого центру тяжіння. На противагу жорстким субординаційним зв’язкам, ризома представлена реординацією взаємодій, взаємовпливів. Сформовано інформаційну модель ризоматичної структури криміногенних ризиків перехідного правосуддя – матрицю постконфліктного криміногенного потенціалу. В її складі виділено та охарактеризовано п’ять функціональних локусів – конкретних видів діяльності (їх спрямованість, стани тощо) як в межах соціальних інститутів, так і поза (над) ними, що у різних комбінаціях, взаємодіях, взаємних функціональних переходах здатні набувати криміногенного значення у зв’язку та в контексті реалізації заходів у межах чотирьох базових напрямів перехідного правосуддя.
СЕКСУАЛЬНЕ НАСИЛЬСТВО, ПОВ’ЯЗАНЕ З КОНФЛІКТОМ: КРИМІНОЛОГІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ СТАНУ В КОНТЕКСТІ РОСІЙСЬКО- УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ВІЙНИ
Authors: СОКУРЕНКО В.В.
Published: October 2024

Стаття присвячена кримінологічному аналізу стану сексуального насильства, пов’язаного з конфліктом (СНПК) в контексті російсько-української війни. Встановлено, що воно є поширеним, однак високолатентним видом злочинів. У перспективі кримінально-правової характеристики –здебільшого кваліфікуються як воєнні злочини. Проте з позицій кримінально-правової політики та із врахуванням положень міжнародного кримінального права в низці випадків є підстави вести мову про злочини проти людяності. Йдеться про випадки широкомасштабного або систематичного застосування СНПК як елемент політики країни-агресора на окупованих територіях України. Жертвами СНПК є як цивільні особи, так і військовослужбовці. Поширеними є сексуалізовані форми катувань українських військовополонених: зґвалтування, погрози зґвалтуванням і кастрацією, нанесення фізичних ударів або ударів електричним струмом по геніталіях, примусове оголення.
КРИМІНАЛЬНИЙ КОДЕКС УКРАЇНИ ТА ДИРЕКТИВА (ЄС) 2019/713 ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО ПАРЛАМЕНТУ ТА РАДИ ВІД 17.04.2019 ПРО БОРОТЬБУ З ШАХРАЙСТВОМ І ПІДРОБКОЮ БЕЗГОТІВКОВИХ ПЛАТІЖНИХ ЗАСОБІВ: ПОРІВНЯЛЬНО-ПРАВОВИЙ АНАЛІЗ В КОНТЕКСТІ ACQUIS COMMUNAUTAIRE
Authors: ЛИТВИНОВ О.М. , ОРЛОВ Ю.В.
Published: October 2024

Стаття присвячена порівняльно-правовому аналізу положень Кримінального кодексу України та Директиви (СЄ) 2019/713 Європейського парламенту та Ради від 17.04.2019 про боротьбу з шахрайством і підробкою безготівкових платіжних засобів в контексті acquis communautaire. Виявлено, надано опис та пояснення у спосіб постатейного аналізу існуючі прогалини у кримінально-правовому регулюванні вітчизняними нормативними засобами. Сформовано пропозиції та рекомендації щодо удосконалення Кримінального кодексу України, окремих суміжних законодавчих актів. Серед іншого запропоновано доповнити кримінальний закон статтею 199-1 «Незаконні дії із нематеріальним безготівковим платіжним засобом». Обґрунтовано необхідність збільшення мінімального розміру покарання до позбавлення волі на певний строк у санкції частин 1, 2 ст. 200 КК України. Висловлено пропозицію про внесення доповнень ст. 96-6 КК України з метою розширення переліку заходів кримінально-правового характеру, що можуть застосовуватись судом до юридичних осіб, включення до них додатково таких: позбавлення права на державні пільги чи допомогу; тимчасове позбавлення доступу до державного фінансування, включаючи тендерні процедури, гранти та концесії; тимчасове або постійне позбавлення права займатися комерційною діяльністю тощо.
Cargo Bike Sharing in Urban Areas: A Comparative Perspective on Different Types of Operators
Authors: Bissel Michael
Published: October 2024

This study compares user demographics and user behavior of different types of cargo bike sharing operators in Berlin, Germany. Building on two survey datasets, the objective is to investigate similarities and differences with regard to the potential for sustainable mobility in urban areas. The findings suggest that both operator types can similarly contribute to car substitution while complementing each other in terms of user demographics and trip purposes.
A supervisão de estágio e a formação de terapeutas comportamentais
Authors:   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Tozze Karina Ferraz , Bolsoni-Silva Alessandra Turini ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista
Published: October 2024

Pesquisas apontam que o supervisor deve proporcionar a apresentação de contingências necessárias e específicas que possibilitarão a aquisição de repertórios novos ao futuro terapeuta. Os objetivos deste estudo foram o de identificar e descrever categorias comportamentais do supervisor de estágio e de estagiários e de verificar a aplicação das orientações pelos estagiários em Terapia Comportamental durante os atendimentos. Foram realizados os atendimentos em grupo com pais de filhos com pro-blemas de comportamentos internalizantes e também as supervisões (oral e escrita) referentes aos atendimentos. Os atendimentos foram gravados em vídeo e as supervisões em áudio. Também foram coletados os relatórios parafraseados de atendimento, com os feedbacks por escrito da superviso-ra. Os feedbacks/orientações das supervisões (oral e escrita) foram categorizados e contabilizados, utilizando-se de um protocolo pré-estabelecido para identificar quais comportamentos a supervisora ensinava. Em seguida, foi elaborada uma checklist, com a descrição das Recomendações dadas pela supervisora, para avaliar se as estagiárias as seguiram ou não e com que frequência no decorrer dos atendimentos. Os resultados identificaram que a supervisora apresentou comportamentos diferentes contingentes à supervisão oral e escrita; as terapeutas emitiram comportamentos semelhantes; as recomendações foram atendidas pelas estagiárias. A supervisão se demonstrou como uma ferramenta importante para o desenvolvimento de comportamentos das estagiárias, considerados relevantes no processo terapêutico.
Análise comparativa da reeducação e reintegraçãosocial nos sistemas de justiça brasileiros para adolescentes e adultos em privação de liberdade
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Vaccari Cindy , Gonçalves Gabriel Paes de Barros ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Dittrich Alexandre ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná
Published: October 2024

No Brasil, adolescentes e adultos que infringem as leis recebem tratamentos distintos do sistema de justiça. Enquanto os adolescentes cumprem as previsões do sistema socioeducativo, por meio de medidas voltadas à reintegração social, os adultos cumprem as determinações do sistema penal, mais voltadas à punição do comportamento inadequado. Considerando a importância de intervenções que se relacionem à modificação do comportamento transgressor (com o objetivo de ensinar novos reper-tórios comportamentais em conformidade com a lei, prevenindo a reincidência), o presente trabalho tem como objetivos analisar e comparar os sistemas socioeducativo e penal em relação às questões de reeducação e reintegração social de adolescentes e adultos em medidas de privação de liberdade. Foram analisados os artigos dos textos legais que faziam referência à educação e trabalho durante as medidas e penas, e também os que se relacionavam à reintegração social durante e após a privação de liberdade. Concluiu-se que, embora o sistema socioeducativo descreva mais ações relacionadas à reintegração social, em comparação com o sistema penal, os dois sistemas possuem problemas no que se refere à realização de ações efetivas para a modificação do repertório comportamental de adoles-centes e adultos durante a privação de liberdade.
A Prática Cultural do Sexting entre Adolescentes: Notas para a Delimitação do Objeto de Estudo
Authors:   Universidade Federal da Bahia, de Souza Fabricio , Banaco Roberto Alves ,   Paradigma – Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia do Comportamento
Published: October 2024

Este artigo discute a prática do sexting entre adolescentes e se propõe a construir uma análise baseada na definição de prática cultural presente na perspectiva behaviorista radical. O sexting é definido como a produção e o compartilhamento, por meio eletrônico, de conteúdos, imagens ou textos que explicitem claramente áreas genitais ou outras partes do corpo (em forte alusão sexual), ou, em sendo conteúdo escrito, mensagens que expressem experiências e/ou insinuações sexuais do próprio adoles-cente que produz estes materiais e, também, de seus amigos, colegas ou demais pessoas que estejam a ele ligados em uma rede social específica. São apresentadas análises considerando as possibilidades do sexting ser uma prática social caracterizada ou por uma metacontingência ou por uma macrocon-tingência. É ressaltada a necessidade de se investir em pesquisas que forneçam dados úteis tanto para a caracterização apropriada do fenômeno quanto para o planejamento de intervenções adequadas e que considerem o sexting parte de um repertório mais amplo da vivência da sexualidade em tempos de interação social mediada pela tecnologia de informação e comunicação.
Energy Efficiency of the Passive Hybrid Battery Supercapacitor System
Authors: Buljić Dalibor , Barić Tomislav , Glavaš Hrvoje
Published: October 2024

Under dynamic load, passive hybrid battery supercapacitor systems (HBSSs) have numerous advantages compared to stand-alone battery systems (SABS). The highlighted benefits include a lower voltage drop at the HBSS terminals, lower current and thermal stress on the battery, and higher energy efficiency. A novel set of analytical expressions is introduced for the analysis of energy efficiency of the passive HBSS in relation to the SABS. Using these expressions, energy efficiency of the passive HBSS was analyzed for different dynamic load parameters. Compared to existing approaches, the proposed approach that uses the introduced analytical expressions provides a better insight into the impact of battery and supercapacitor parameters on the energy efficiency of the passive HBSS in relation to the SABS. Additionally, the proposed approach is suitable for quick determination of HBSS behavior and energy efficiency under dynamic load. This contributes to the advancement of the sizing of HBSS components and optimization practices, ultimately leading to improved energy use. The analysis showed that in cases where the dynamic component of the load current is a very small part of the total load current, or slowly varying load currents, the passive HBSS in relation to the SABS has no advantages in terms of energy efficiency. The analysis showed that the HBSS is more suitable than the SABS in applications where the dynamic component of the load current is significant. The findings also indicate that there is an interval of the battery and supercapacitor parameters which is optimal for the sizing of the passive HBSS from a techno-economic aspect.
Enhancement of Active Distribution Network Performance with Multiple Distributed Generators and DSTATCOMs using Reptile Search Algorithm
Authors: Y. Hatata Ahmed , R. Eiada Rabab , M. Alzahrani Thabet
Published: October 2024

The integration of multiple DGs can introduce power quality issues and instability in the (DN) due to their intermittent and fluctuating nature. Distributed Static Compensators (DSTATCOMs) are devices that effectively manage and regulate both active and reactive powers, thereby maintaining the desired levels of reactive power in the DNs. This paper investigates the problem of determining the optimal number and placement of multiple DSTATCOMs within active DNs with multiple Distributed Generators (DGs) connected to them. To achieve the optimal sizing and allocation of multiple DSTATCOMs, a novel heuristic method called the reptile search algorithm (RSA) is introduced in this study. A combination of the RSA method and the loss sensitivity factor (LSF) are utilized to identify the optimal number, sizes, and locations of DSTATCOMs to enhance the performance of active DNs with different types of DGs and loads. The desired improvements include mitigating voltage deviation at nodes, minimizing system power losses, and alleviating overloading in feeders. The effectiveness of the algorithm is evaluated using an IEEE-33 bus DN, which is modified to incorporate different DGs and load types. To assess the efficiency of the proposed method, a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm is used for comparison. The results demonstrate that the RSA approach presented in this paper is robust in obtaining optimal solutions, offers fast and easy implementation, can be applied to large DNs, and outperforms the MPSO algorithm.
On-Tree Mango Fruit Count Using Live Video- Split Image Dataset to Predict Better Yield at Pre-Harvesting Stage
Authors: Nayak Nenavath Devender , Perumal Boominathan
Published: October 2024

This study introduces a method for fruit counting in agricultural settings using video capture and the YOLOv7 object detection model. By splitting captured videos into frames and strategically selecting representative frames, the approach aims to accurately estimate fruit counts while minimizing the risk of double counting. YOLOv7, known for its efficiency and accuracy in object detection, is employed to analyze selected frames and detect fruits on trees. Demonstrated the method's effectiveness through its ability to provide farmers with precise yield estimations, optimize resource management, and facilitate early detection of orchard issues such as pest infestations or nutrient deficiencies. This technological integration reduces labor costs and supports sustainable agricultural practices by improving productivity and decision-making capabilities. The scalability of the approach makes it suitable for diverse orchard sizes and types, offering a promising tool for enhancing agricultural efficiency and profitability. The researcher compared YOLOv5n, YOLOv5s, YOLOv7, and YOLOv7-tiny with eight-sided imaging techniques around the tree. The experimental results of YOLOv7 with the eight-sided technique performed best and achieved a count accuracy of 97.7% on a single tree in just 17.112 ms of average inference time. On multiple trees, it is 95.48% in just 17 ms of average inference time, with the help of an eight- sided method on tree images.
Minimum Skewness based Myocardial Infarction Detection Model using Classification Algorithms
Authors: Kumar Tewalker Satish , Shukla Ragini
Published: October 2024

Myocardial infarction is one of the most dangerous public health issues in the world. The accurate prediction of myocardial infarction disease aids in disease diagnosis and biological analysis of the patient's health. The classification algorithms are one of the solutions that predict accurate diseases based on the symptoms (attributes) in patients' details. The ability to predict accurately reduces the risk of causality and decision-making time. This study proposed the Minimum Skewness-Based Myocardial Infarction Detection Model (MSMIDM) with the help of a statistical and feature selection-based approach. Minimum skewness is a feature selection statistical approach that selects essential attributes of a dataset. The MSMIDM provides accurate results with the highest accuracy among the six classification algorithms. The experimental analysis makes use of the most widely used Cleveland dataset for myocardial infarction detection. The experimental results are analyzed through a confusion metric, statistical, and partitional validation approach. The proposed model obtains an accuracy of 90%, 87.037%, 87.037%, 83.238%, 81.481%, and 85.556% with respect to Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, Decision Tree and Neural Network classification algorithms. According to the experimental analysis, this study suggests the MSMIDM-based Random Forest algorithm is excellent for myocardial infarction disease detection.
Designing a Prototype for Smartphone Footage Stabilization
Authors: R.B. Bharathi , VijayaLaxmi VijayaLaxmi , Bhat Shashank
Published: October 2024

Hardware stabilizers are on high demand due to the increasing use of media capture devices such as smartphones and portable cameras in market. Hence an effort is made to develop a stabilizer prototype with Inertial measurement Unit (MPU 6050 sensor), arduino Uno microcontroller and servo motor. Using existing libraries of arduino, a code is developed to read the position of the smartphone by the sensor and is fed to arduino microcontroller. The microcontroller generates an appropriate PWM signal based on the output of sensor and sends it to two servo motors to nullify the effect of jitter produced by the movement of the smartphone along roll and pitch axes respectively. Stabilized footage is produced by smartphones compensating the movement along roll and pitch axes respectively. The cost of this developed prototype is very low compared to existing gimbal systems in the market.
Influence of School Type on Secondary School Students’ Performance in Mathematics in Nyahururu and Laikipia North Sub-Counties, Laikipia County, Kenya
Authors: Philip Maina Mugo  , Lucy W. Kibera  , Alice Masese  , Boniface Ngaruiya
Published: October 2024

Performance in Mathematics is valued in all societies due to its strong foundation for a country’s scientific development. Consequently, performance in mathematics is a global issue of concern at the high school level of education. Further, Mathematics performance in Kenyan secondary schools has been wanting, especially in both Nyahururu and Laikipia North Sub-Counties. Hence, this study examined the influence of school type in terms of mixed day secondary schools, mixed boarding secondary schools, single sexed boys, and single sexed girls’ secondary schools. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. Data was collected from a sample of 393 respondents from both Nyahururu and Laikipia North Sub-Counties. The Central Limit Theorem was used to select 16 secondary schools. The study applied a stratified random sampling technique in order to distribute respondents proportionately to the identified school types. Data was collected from both students and their Mathematics teachers using questionnaires, while personal interviews were used to collect data from school principals. Students’ focus group discussions were also used to triangulate data. The reliability of the research instruments was estimated using test-retests, while validity was determined by piloting the research instruments. The analysis of data was done using frequencies, percentages, and linear regression analysis at a 0.05 level of significance using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study revealed that there was a statistical relationship between school type and students’ performance in Mathematics with Linear Regression analysis at (r2=0.639; p>0.0423) in the Nyahururu sub-county and (r2=0.693; p>0.0475) in Laikipia North sub-county. These study findings led to the conclusion that there is a need for education stakeholders to pay more attention to factors that seem to influence girls’ performance in Mathematics negatively compared to their male counterparts.
Unveiling the Stylistic Features of Tayeb Salih's "Season of Migration to the North: A Postcolonial Analysis"
Authors: Omer Elsheikh Hago Elmahdi  , Yusuf Elamin
Published: October 2024

The book represents the fullest example of stylistic analysis within an important novel in the postcolonial canon-Tayeb Salih's Season of Migration to the North. The research provides a deep linguistic, structural, and thematic insight into how Salih's stylistic options build a peculiar picture of postcolonial themes, cultural identity, and the difficulties and contrasts of cultural exchange. While situating the bilingual narrative, symbolic imagery, and satirical moments of intertextual dialogue and celebration of oral traditions in their historical and cultural context, it proves how such features set the tone and atmosphere of the novel and give further depth to its themes. By doing so, Salih's style refutes and rebukes colonialist discourses, while engaging readers in a critical consideration of postcolonial identity, power relationships, and cultural exchange. These findings underline the continuous popularity of the novel and its status as a strong work of postcolonial literature, with much to offer about the postcolonial condition and its representation in literature.
The Expansion, Popularity, and Status of Dari Persian Language in India
Authors: Sayed Jan Sateh  , Ghulam Reza Safdari
Published: October 2024

Dari Persian language beginning is considered to have arrived in India almost a thousand years ago when Sultan Mahmud made attacks in the Indian subcontinent. Farsi opened its way in India and gradually took place in the depth of Indian culture; the Persian language became the only language of communication, the language of understanding, the language of education, and the university language of India. Orators, intellectuals, and statesmen wrote their works in the sweet Dari Farsi language. The fact is that after the arrival of Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi to India, the Dari Persian language took a special place in the field of Indian literature and culture. This land became a great place for the publication of Dari Persian language literary works. The study of Indian literature and philosophy attracted scholars such as Abu Rihan Al-Biruni, who had entered this land with Sultan Mahmud and authored the research books of Mulland, Athar al-Baqiyyah, and Al-Tafhim Lawael Sanat Tanjim. Sultan Mahmud from the year 416-392 AH. He traveled to India seventeen times, and every time, many scholars, poets, and writers such as Eleni Balkhi, Farrokhi Sistani, and some others accompanied him. Because the sultan loved the Dari Persian language, the poets and writers of this language in India gathered at his court. From that date onwards, the Dari Persian language spread in India, and the literary and cultural centers were transferred from Khorasan to India. This spread and disseminated Khorasani literature and culture significantly, and as a result, the Dari Persian works became the most popular. These centers included Lahore, Delhi, Bengal, Deccan, Multan, and Kashmir.
ASSESSING FOOD SAFETY AWARENESS AND PRACTICES AMONG STREET FOOD VENDORS IN KATSINA STATE, NORTH WESTERN NIGERIA
Authors: IBRAHIM H.Y. , ADEOLA S.S.
Published: October 2024

Food safety is a critical global issue, with contaminated food posing serious health risks, particularly to vulnerable populations such as children under five, the elderly, and the sick. This study examined food safety practices among street food vendors in major towns of Katsina State. Using structured questionnaires and a multi-stage sampling technique, data were collected from a total of 316 street food vendors to assess vendors' awareness and adoption of food safety measures. Descriptive statistics and traffic light model were used to analyse the data. While vendors demonstrated high awareness of basic hygiene practices like washing utensils and avoiding work when ill, the adoption of other crucial practices, such as using hand gloves and maintaining clean selling locations, was found to be low. This gap between awareness and practice highlights the need for targeted interventions, including training programs and public awareness campaigns, to bridge the knowledge-behaviour gap. The traffic light model categorized food safety risk to levels, revealing that many vendors operate at high to moderate risk levels. These findings underscore the importance of continuous monitoring, feedback, and enforcement of food safety regulations. Recommendations include enhancing access to resources, providing incentives for good practices, and implementing regular health and safety audits. This can significantly reduce foodborne illnesses, ensuring safer food consumption, and supporting national health and economic development through safer trade and tourism activities. This study contributes to the on-going discourse on food safety in developing regions and highlights critical areas for policy and practical interventions to safeguard public health.
Penggunaan Media Animasi untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Ardiyanto Priyatama , Permadi Ade Salahudin , Fitriyanto Muhammad Noor
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa menggunakan media video pembelajaran dari Animaker di MAN 1 Katingan Hilir, dengan fokus penelitian pada : (1) Untuk mengetahui aktivitas belajar peserta didik kelas X MAN 1 Katingan Hilir pada proses pembelajaran menggunakan video pembelajaran dari Animaker, (2) Ada peningkatan hasil belajar dengan menggunakan video pembelajaran dari Animaker terhadap hasil belajar pada peserta didik  kelas X MAN 1 Katingan Hilir.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Penelitian Tindakan    kelas. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas X MAN 1 Katingan Hilir berjumlah 33 orang.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Dengan menggunakan media video pembelajaran dari Animaker dalam aktivitas peserta didik terdapat peningkatan pada setiap siklus. Ini bisa dibuktikan aktivitas siklus I mencapai persentase 82,00 % (Baik). Pada siklus II aktivitas mencapai persentase 100 % (Sangat Baik). (2) terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar dengan menggunakan media video pembelajaran dari Animaker, pada siklus I nilai rata-rata 76,36 dengan kentuntasan 82,00 % (Baik). Pada siklus II nilai rata-rata 90,75 dengan ketuntasan 100 % (Sangat Baik). Sehingga pada siklus II dinyatakan berhasil karena sudah mencapai indikator keberhasilan.
RELEVANSI PROFIL LULUSAN SMK BIDANG KEAHLIAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI
Authors: Putra Riansyah , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Atika Liana , Zulfikar Ahmad , Sarwa Sarwa
Published: October 2024

Penyelarasan profil lulusan SMK Teknologi Informasi perlu dilakukan agar para lulusan memiliki kompetensi sesuai dengan kualifikasi formasi yang tersedia pada dunia kerja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memetakan profil lulusan berdasarkan jabatan kerja yang tersedia dalam sektor teknologi informasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan tahapan: pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, verifikasi data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Profil lulusan berdasarkan jabatan kerja lulusan SMK bidang keahlian teknologi informasi yang tersedia dalam bursa kerja teridentfikasi 12 (dua belas) formasi jabatan kerja antara lain: Data Scientist, Data Engineer, Cloud Engineer, Game Developer, Robotic Engineer, Database Specialist, Software Engineer, Cyber Security, UI/UX Developer, Network Engineer, Mobile Developer, Web Developer.