bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The CALLE Project
Authors: Feuerman Ken , Marshall Catherine , Newman David , Rypa Marikka
Published: June 2022

Traditional  computer-aided instruction  strategies have a number of well- known limitations. CALLE, a dialogue-based Spanish language instruction  system, avoids many of these limitations  by allowing the student to concentrate on the creative process of formulating a conversational response in the context of a simulated discourse. Natural language processing techniques enable errors in student input to be diagnosed on the basis of a linguistic analysis. This analysis is performed using Lexical Functional Grammar theory. This article discusses CALLE's theoretical basis, its implementation, extensibility issues, pedagogical considerations, and its relationship to ICAI. It is based on a talk given at the CALICO '85 Symposium in Baltimore.
Man and the Media II: Media and Cross-Cultural Communication in Foreign Language Learning
Authors: Kelling Hans-Wilhelm , Niedzielski Henry
Published: June 2022

This is a report on the conference held at the Institute for Romance Languages at the University of Saarbrücken, Germany from September 16 to September 19.
The Colloquial Korean Interactive Videodisc Project
Authors: Kim Wha-Chun Mary
Published: June 2022

This paper illustrates how a computer-assisted interactive video systemcan be designed to improve the listening comprehension skill in foreign language teaching. The courseware makes use of a wide selection of HELP  OPTIONS as informational feedback to assist the learner's mastery of authentic natural Korean. These options have been designed to maximize student control while accommodating diverse needs and language learning strategies.
RE-WORDCALI: A Method for Practicing Reading Skills With the Aid of a Word Processor
Authors: Schcolnik Miriam
Published: June 2022

RE-WORD is a method for practicing  reading skills with the aid of a word processor. Through the use of functions such as delete, move, copy and print, students can practice a whole range of skills. The method was tried out at Tel Aviv University in the spring semester of 1986/1987. An attitude questionnaire was administered to the students at the end of the semester. It revealed, among other findings, that although most of the students liked working with the computer, there were significant differences among the classes taught by different instructors.  Even at such an early stage in its implementation, RE-WORD seems to offer pedagogical, psychological and pragmatic advantages over traditional CALI and to constitute a promising solution to some of its problems.
Questions and Answers about CD ROM
Authors: Kuhn Carolyn
Published: June 2022

This question and answer column is a collaboration between members of the newly formed CD ROM Special Interest Group.
Toward a Research and Development Strategy for Computer-Assisted Language Learning
Authors: Clark John L. D.
Published: June 2022

This article describes and recommends an approach to CALL-related research and development activities  in which the CALL portion of the learning process is not addressed in isolation but as part of a total instructional system which also includes the live teacher, textbooks and other print materials, outside-of-class learning opportunities, and numerous other non-technological components. In order to determine the optimum instructional strategy (including CALL) to be used in a given language learning situation, the instructional developer must first assemble detailed information about the intended outcome goals of the instruction, as well as about the language background, language learning aptitude, and other input characteristics of the students to be taught. Only after these crucial initial  steps have been taken does it become possible to meaningfully and effectively consider the appropriate instructional strategies to be used in developing the intended outcome performance abilities on the students' part. Eight major procedural steps are discussed for developing, refining, and evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of language teaching programs based on the input-process-output model described.
CD-ROM: Potential and Practicalities
Authors: Woodbury Verl
Published: June 2022

This article discusses the increasing interest in CD-ROM as a publishing medium and learning tool and explores its potential and practicality in computer-assisted language instruction. A call is made for increased efforts on the part of CALICO members to stimulate CD-ROM projects for language instruction and to influence upcoming hardware and software standardization which can increase CD-ROM's multimedia potential.
Interactive Video: What the Students Say
Authors: Watts Catherine
Published: June 2022

This article outlines a program of extensive research designed to assess the effectiveness of interactive video in language teaching in the UK. The program aimed to teach beginning French was based on the BBC television series "Dès le Début" using videodisc technology. It was evident from the results and from learner response that interactive video provided a highly motivating and successful language learning experience.
INTERACTIVE AUDIO STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING LISTENING SKILLS
Authors: Salazar Jorge
Published: June 2022

This article is based on a paper presented at the CALICO '89 Sixth Annual International Symposium, Colorado Springs, Colorado. This article describes and discusses some ideas for exercise types that can best exploit the capabilities of the computer-controlled laser audio disc in the design and development of foreign language listening comprehension learning activities. The exercises considered include vocabulary recognition, discovering paraphrases, predicting discourse, and transcribing text. Some suggestions for future study are offered.
Student's Strategies with Learner-Controlled CALL
Authors: Chapelle Carol , Mizuno Suesue
Published: June 2022

A degree of learner-control is implicit in most current CALL activities; however, research to-date has not investigated students' performance in such environments. This paper reports a first step toward the necessary investigation by documenting students' use of five strategies while they worked on learner-controlled CALL grammar lessons. The results indicated the need for teachers and researchers alike to observe students use of CALL.
Task-Oriented Creative Writing with Système-D
Authors: Scott Virginia M.
Published: June 2022

The Système-D software package authored by Noblitt, Sola and Pet is a unique word processing program for creative writing in French. Geared toward elementary and intermediate level students, this program is designed to encourage students to write in French using a dictionary, a verb conjugator, a grammar index, a vocabulary index, and a phrase index. While confirming that Système-D provides challenging opportunities for autonomous expression in writing, this paper gives evidence from experience at Vanderbilt University that students are unlikely to use the features other than the dictionary. In order to profit from all that Système-D has to offer, this paper suggests a framework of task-oriented writing exercises built around meaningful situations which guide the students explicitly to exploit the important linguistic features easily accessible in the software. In addition, this paper discusses the importance of Système-D as it relates to evaluating written work and also its value with regard to the goals of proficiency-oriented instruction. Finally, this paper provides teachers with a comprehensive list of all the categories within the grammar, vocabulary and phrase indexes included in Système-D.
Challenges and a few Cautions
Authors: Daetsch Willard Ticknor
Published: June 2022

Luncheon Address, CALICO '90 at the BWI Holiday Inn Airport in Baltimore
Working Smarter: Two Case Studies Using Foreign Language as a Tool and Subject Matter as Focus
Authors: Eastmond Nick , Mitchell Jeffrey
Published: June 2022

A recent trend in foreign language instruction makes use of a content-based approach, where a particular subject is taught in the target language. Students receive help in the language, but their main efforts are directed toward the mastery of a particular set of content. Advantages to this approach are (1) increased efficiency, i.e., instead of leaching or studying for two classes--a language class and one in the content area--only one class is involved, and (2) increased motivation, because some area of content is taught, presumably with applicability in the life of the student. Such an approach is not new, as it has been used in the advanced literature courses and as the model followed by the typical foreign student in a university setting. In the past, however, this approach has been reserved for only the most advanced students. This paper argues that such an approach can be undertaken much earlier in the language learning of most students, and that it can pay remarkable dividends by injecting a measure of reality into language courses. Two case studies demonstrate how a content-based approach can be used; one in a university setting and one in a military setting. In both cases, the increased challenge and motivation for students and teachers alike are apparent.
Teaching the Computer Swedish: Morphology and Phonology
Authors: Dalgish Gerard M.
Published: June 2022

This paper examines the role the computer can play in constructing, from rules, derived forms of Swedish morphology and a characterization of Swedish pronunciation. It describes computer rules that mimic generative morphophonemic rules that produce nominals, adjectives, and verbals, and phonological rules that represent their pronunciations. I will also discuss how such rules can be implemented in a context of Computer-Assisted Language Learning. A corollary of this discussion is the degree to which the computer and the student need to cooperate within such activities.
SAIJIKI: Hyper-Reading Japanese
Authors: Hirata Kayoko
Published: June 2022

"Saijiki; Hyper-Reading Japanese" is a HyperCard application for the Macintosh DE, and is for students at the intermediate to advanced levels learning to read somewhat sophisticated Japanese essays by themselves. Saijiki means notes about yearly events and the nature of the seasons. The six essays in this program were selected from a collection of essays titled "Kotoba No Saijiki" (Saijiki of words) by Haruhiko Kindaichi (1973), an eminent linguist. The essays introduce Japanese culture, literature and nature as well as language. The computer program includes such features as kanji (Chinese characters) reading practice, multiple choice questions on comprehension and a pop-up dictionary with links to the essays. The program also has cultural illustrations and kanji stroke-order animations to make the study more interesting. The HyperCard system is interfaced with Kanji-Talk1, so that three types of Japanese characters (kanji, hiragana, and katakana2) are used. English is also used when necessary.
A Computer-Based Learning Of Basic Japanese
Authors: Furugori Teiji
Published: June 2022

Described here is a computer-based system of learning Japanese. It offers three types of problems in learning the language; basic sentential pattern practices, counting drills, and kanji-kana mixture writing exercises. The system is generative. We first generate Japanese sentences using the English alphabet, i.e., phonetic representation. We then create from the sentences a sequence of problems for the students of Japanese to practice. In the current implementation, the kana and kanji writing problem seems to serve the educational purpose most effectively, as it is crucial to master Japanese and, at the same time, seems to be the most fun, as the students like it best.
Can Interactive Video Promote Communication Outside The Classroom?
Authors: Watts Catherine , Pickering Angela
Published: June 2022

This is a brief report of an eight-month research programme funded by the ESRC (Economic and Social Research Council), which was conducted at the Language Centre, Brighton Polytechnic, UK by Catherine Watts and Angela Pickering. The aim of the research was to probe the potential of interactive video to encourage small groups of students of English as a Foreign Language to talk and discuss issues arising from the video when used as an "out-of-class" resource. Previous studies have shown that interactive video is indeed effective in stimulating individual students to repeat aloud single sentences and short phrases. The authors decided to explore the logical extension of this and assess whether or not interactive video can be used as a group resource to provide "out-of-class" language practice for small groups of EFL students. Forty-two students working in groups of three were asked to work through a variety of language activities which involved group tasks, role plays and discussion activities.
Teaching Japanese Syllabary With Visual And Verbal Mnemonics
Authors: Hatasa Kazumi
Published: June 2022

Courseware to teach Japanese syllabary (Hiragana and Katakana) has been developed and used with beginning learners of Japanese. The method used for the courseware is adapted from "Hiragana in 48 minutes" (Quackenbush & Ohso 1983), which uses mnemonics to help associate the shape and sound of letters.
Alice System
Authors: Levin Lori S. , Evans David A. , Gates Donna M.
Published: June 2022

ALICE is a multi-media framework for ICALI programs that is being developed at Carnegie Mellon University. It is not a single instructional program, but rather a set of tools for building a number of different types of ICALI programs in any language. The central components of ALICE are (1) a set of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools for syntactic error detection, morphological analysis, and generation of morphological paradigms, (2) a set of on-line text, video, and audio corpora that serve as sources of realistic, in-context examples, and (3) an authoring language that allows teachers to configure the NLP tools and excerpts from the corpora into ICALI programs. This paper describes the NLP components of ALICE and the role of excerpts from corpora in treating student errors.
Nihongo Tutorial System
Authors: Maciejewski Anthony M.
Published: June 2022

The Nihongo Tutorial System is an intelligent tutoring system designed to assist English-speaking scientists and engineers in acquiring reading proficiency in Japanese technical literature. The system provides individualized lessons by matching a student's technical area of interest and Japanese language ability with the available instructional materials which are derived from actual technical articles. This approach is designed to maximize comprehension through context by assuring an appropriate amount of new material and by drawing on the student's expertise in the subject matter. The instructional texts are encoded in a data structure that maintains syntactic, semantic, phonetic, and morphological information that can be delivered to the student upon request. The system also provides on-line supplementary materials including a character dictionary, a general dictionary, a grammar dictionary, and several technical dictionaries for additional information. Thus the Nihongo Tutorial System provides an efficient aid for acquiring the vocabulary, syntax, and style of Japanese texts from a specific technical discipline.
Introduction
Authors: Robinson John N.C.
Published: June 2022

The introduction sets the argument of the book against the backdrop of the epistemological questions emerging from the Theology of Religions and explains the rationale behind the choice of the texts analysed in this volume (Bernard Lonergan’s Insight: A Study of Human Understanding, Karl Rahner’s Foundations of Christian Faith, and Jay Garfield’s translation of, and commentary on Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā).
Hsing Yun's Ethos and Activities
Authors: Yao Yu-Shuang , Gombrich Richard
Published: June 2022

The chapter explores the ethos of FGS first by contrasting it with another Taiwanese Buddhist movement of much the same age as FGS, Tzu Chi, finding that the focus of their activities and underlying ethos are quite different although both are known as "humanistic buddhsim". The authors go on to narrate the biography of Hsing Yun in an effort to show how aspects of his larger-than-life personality have influenced the character of FGS. They pay attention to his writing, publishing and other media activities which have always been his main method of proselytizing, as well as spiritual tourism/pilgrimage operations which they run on a massive scale.
Public Ritual at FGS Main Monastery, Kaohsiung
Authors: Yao Yu-Shuang , Gombrich Richard
Published: June 2022

This chapter surveys the public rituals performed at FGS's main monastery or at other sites including details of what transpired on certain specific occasions.
A Child Is Being Eaten: Maternal Cannibalism and the Hebrew Bible in the Company of Fairy Tales
Authors: Graybill Rhiannon
Published: June 2022

The Hebrew Bible contains multiple texts in which mothers eat their children. Deuteronomy 28, Lam 2 and 4, and 2 Kgs 6 all offer variations on the theme of maternal cannibalism. While these passages are often written off as gruesome, exceptional, or motivated by extreme necessity (such as starvation), such approaches miss the literary and ideological significance of maternal cannibalism. This study, in contrast, approaches the biblical accounts through another body of literature with its own rich assembly of cannibalistic mothers: the classic fairy tales. Reading with fairy tales surfaces four important points: (1) starvation is insufficient to explain cannibalism; (2) cooking children, as much as eating them, is narratively significant and should be analyzed as such; (3) some mothers are indeed Bad Mothers, even as (4) cannibalism does not preclude affection and love—including at least some mothers who cannibalize their children. Taken together, these principles challenge the assumed norms of maternity, while offering new ways of reading and responding to the cannibal mothers of the Hebrew Bible.
Reconsidering the Composition of Ezra-Nehemiah in Light of 2 Maccabees 1:10–2:18
Authors: Smith H. Clay
Published: June 2022

Second Maccabees 1:10–2:18 ascribes authority to Nehemiah for the reinstatement of pure and acceptable worship in the Second Temple, including an extensive comparison between Nehemiah, Jeremiah, and Solomon. This concern for the sanctity of the temple and the presentation of Nehemiah’s role therein respond to the ever-shifting political circumstances characterizing Jerusalem and the diasporic community in the second century BCE. There are important correlations between the portrayal of Nehemiah in 2 Macc 1:10–2:18 and in several of the latest compositional changes preserved in MT Ezra-Nehemiah. My analysis of these correlations provides a framework for interpreting these compositional changes, supporting recent conclusions regarding the pro-Hasmonean character of MT Ezra-Nehemiah. Moreover, it provides insight into the rationale behind the combination of the originally separate Ezra and Nehemiah traditions. Inasmuch as the pro-Hasmonean tradents viewed Nehemiah as a compelling historical antecedent to Judas Maccabeus, they also considered Ezra’s Aaronic priestly authority to be an antecedent to their own claims. By fashioning a narrative in which an Aaronic priest confirms the legitimacy of Nehemiah’s reforms through communal celebration of the Festival of Booths, the pro-Hasmonean tradents bolster their own political and religious claims to authority while further establishing the Festival of Booths as a compelling symbol for Hanukkah (2 Macc 10:1–6).
Unbelievable: An Interpretation of Acts 12 That Takes Rhoda’s Cassandra Curse Seriously
Authors: Kochenash Michael
Published: June 2022

This article addresses two non sequiturs in Acts 12—the disbelief of Rhoda’s announcement of Peter’s arrival and the apparent disconnect of the death of “King Herod” to the rest of the chapter—by interpreting Rhoda as a Cassandra figure. Like Cassandra, Rhoda is unable to convince others regarding her accurate pronouncement and is then maligned as maenadic. In conjunction with reading Peter’s prison escape as imitating Il. 24, this interpretation allows readers to project the vengeance-related logic of these models onto the Acts narrative’s presentation of Herod’s death and thereby understand it as divine vengeance for executing James and imprisoning Peter.
The American Sign Museum: A Place for the Public and Signage Researchers to Understand the Past, Present and Future of Signage in the U.S.
Authors: Auffrey Christopher
Published: June 2022

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Mining City — Ideal City: From Chaux to Ekaterinburg, from Conception to Implementation
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology UB RAS, Ekaterinburg, Shkerin Vladimir А.
Published: June 2022

This article considers the history of the unrealised project of the establishment of “free mining towns” in Russia (in the Urals) in the first half of the nineteenth century. Only free people were to live and work in such towns. In 1802, the outstanding mining figure A. S. Yartsov filed a note addressed to Emperor Alexander I, in which he proposed several measures to improve the domestic mining industry. The creation of mining towns inspired by European Bergstдdte was one of these measures. A special committee on the reform of the mining part was established under the influence of Yartsov’s note. In 1804, the French architect Claude-Nicolas Ledoux published a treatise L’Architecture considérée sous le rapport de l’art, des mœurs et de la legislation (Architecture Considered in Relation to Art, Morals, and Legislation) in Paris. The work was preceded by a dedication to the Russian emperor. The project of the ideal mining city of Chaux was presented in the publication. With the help of architectural forms, Ledoux dreamed of creating an ideal environment for the moral development of people. Could the French architect have known that at the very same time in St Petersburg work was being carried out for a legal justification of the establishment of “free cities” in Russia, a country where serfdom was still a reality? This assumption does not look improbable. A special committee prepared a draft of new mining legislation, which was approved by Alexander I on July 13, 1806. Ekaterinburg received the status of a mining city on May 1, 1807. However, afterwards the emperor lost interest in liberal projects. Ekaterinburg remained the only mining city in Russia. The content of the concept of a “free mining city” also changed: the dream of free labour was replaced by the idea of independence of such a city from the governor’s power.
Afterimage by H. Humphreys as a Photoreconstruction Novel: Genre Peculiarities
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev, Krasnoyarsk, Poluektova Tatiana A.
Published: June 2022

This article is devoted to the study of the peculiar genre features of Afterimage (2000), a novel by the English-born Canadian writer Helen Humphreys. The author of the article introduces the definition of the concept of photographic ekphrasis, i.e. a description in the text of a photograph that is the subject of a character’s reflection or the result of a collaboration of the photographer and the model. The photographic discourse penetrates the plot-compositional, character, space-time, and narrative levels of the poetics of the novel. Starting with the analysis of the title of the novel, the author of the article concludes about the decisive role of photography in the genre structure of the novel. This makes it possible to introduce the term “photoreconstruction novel” and categorise the novel analysed as belonging to this type. This genre form implies a number of characteristic features: the presence of protophotographic ekphrasis (the existence of a real photographic prototype in culture defined by the reader on the basis of secondary cultural experience (this term is introduced for the first time)); the novel is set in a period remote from the modern times, as a rule between the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; the main character is a photographer-reconstructor of a myth / mythological image; supported by the motif of theatricalisation (“the character of being staged”). Particular attention is paid to the link of allegorical photographic works of the English Victorian photographer J. M. Cameron and photographic ekphrases in the novel by H. Humphreys. The organic synthesis of two types of art — artistic words and photographic art — forms intermediate connections in the novel, expanding the field of interpretation and implying an active role of the reader. Humphreys’ Afterimage based on the genre structure of a photographic ekphrasis fits into the context of the phototextual English-language novel of the late nineteenth — early twenty-first centuries.
The Baltic States in the Years of the Great Patriotic War as Interpreted by Modern Baltic Historiography
Authors:   Kostroma State University, Kostroma, Zverev Kirill A.
Published: June 2022

As we move away from the historical events associated with Germany’s attack on the Soviet Union, attempts to rewrite the history of World War II as a whole and the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 in particular are becoming more frequent in ideological and geopolitical interests. Especially regularly ambiguous and outrightly tendentious interpretations come from Baltic historians. In this regard, the author of the article aims to consider the interpretation of the events of 1941–1945, in the works of Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian researchers and the reasons for the emergence of often opposite assessments of this historical period. In the modern Baltic countries, a very peculiar perception of the events of World War II and the Great Patriotic War has developed, negatively assessing the role of the USSR in the liberation of these territories. The author concludes that the reasons for the dominance of these interpretations lie in the anti-Soviet orientation of local political elites, as well as in the dominance of this trend (for political reasons) in the local politics of memory over the past three decades since independence. In addition, it is important to emphasise the features of the historical development of the Baltic States influencing these interpretations. Thus, the perception of the events of World War II is also influenced by the historical memory of the Baltic peoples about the Civil / Liberation War of 1918–1920, in which representatives of the titular peoples found themselves on opposite sides (red and white formations). In addition, loyalty to Germany and German formations is associated with the strongest German influence in all social spheres in the previous periods of development of the Baltic countries.
Democratic Republic of Georgia as an Object of the Historical Politics of Memory in Georgia (2018–2020)
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Kirchanov Maksim V.
Published: June 2022

This article presents an attempt to analyse historical politics as politics of memory in modern Georgia in the context of perception of the images and heritage of the Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG). The aim of the study is to analyse the images of the Democratic Republic of Georgia between 2018 and 2020 as part of the history and genealogy of the modern project of Georgian statehood in historical politics. The article is based on the methods used in studies of the politics of memory (historical politics) in modern interdisciplinary historiography. The article describes the features of the instrumentalisation of DRG images in the historical and political cultures of Georgia. The article examines the forms of participation of modern elites in the politics of memory in contexts of jubilee celebrations, memorial, and commemorative events that inspired the actualisation of the DRG images in the cultural and public spaces of Georgia. It is revealed that modern elites and heirs of DRG politicians became actors of historical politics and actual “battles for history”. As a result, the author concludes that images of the DRG became a symbolic resource for the consolidation of society and the development of the political identity of Georgian statehood. It is assumed that images of the DRG are integrated into the symbolic tools that political elites used in their attempts to correct identity and historical memory in modern Georgia. It is demonstrated that by initiating memorial celebrations dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the DRG in 2018, Georgian elites launched a series of commemorative events planned until 2024 solving political problems, localising, and interpreting historical traumas in the politics of memory proposed by the state as the main former of the official historical canon.
Sino-Tibetan Style of Buddhist Sculpture: Articulation of the Attribution Problem
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Demenova Victoria V.
Published: June 2022

This article is devoted to the concept of “style” and the possibility of its application in the attribution of works of Buddhist metal sculpture. This aspect, which, as a rule, is peripheral for classical Oriental studies, Buddhology, and history, where it is interpreted quite freely, is one of the key ones for art history and museum attribution activities. The author notes the terminological and factual diversity of the designation of the “Sino-Tibetan style” in the circle of researchers of the art of Buddhism. The author poses the question of what exactly the concept of “Sino-Tibetan style” means and whether it is an indication of the body of technical and plastic features of sculptures, or just a designation of the geography of the origin of Buddhist sculptures of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries made in the western provinces of China. The author refers to three sculptures which are the most controversial ones from the point of view of attribution (Maitreya Buddha from the private collection of A. V. Glazyrin (Ekaterinburg), Shakyamuni Buddha, and Begtse from the collection of the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore), which have several similar stylistic features, and which could presumably be attributed to the “Sino-Tibetan style” of the eighteenth century. Also, the article presents the results of the study of the metal composition of these sculptures using an X-ray fluorescence analyser (spectrometer). Based on the data obtained on the content of substances in the alloy and considering the general artistic and stylistic features of metal images, the author makes a conclusion as to when the attribution designation “Tibeto-Chinese style” is the most accurate one and when it can be applied to Buddhist gilded sculptures created on the territory of China (Manchu Qin dynasty) between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Chinese Paintings from Western Museum Collections at the International Exhibition of Chinese Art in London, 1935: On the History of Collecting and Attributing Chinese Paintings
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Guseva Anna V.
Published: June 2022

The International Exhibition of Chinese Art that took place in London’s Burlington House from November 1935 to March 1936 is recognised as the major exhibition of ancient and classical Chinese art of the twentieth century. Over two hundred collectors and institutions from 14 countries provided their objects of art to the exhibition. None of the previous exhibitions had had as many items: the number of objects was extraordinary with 3,080 entries in the catalogue of the London exhibition. Moreover, it was the first foreign exhibition presenting items from the former imperial collection of the Forbidden City (Gugun Museum since 1925). In addition to numerous porcelain and bronze items from private and museum collections, the exhibition contained about 300 paintings (monumental painting, scrolls, album sheets, and fans). While it is generally believed that western collectors only started being seriously interested in painting after World War II, the exhibition contained over a hundred paintings of non-Chinese provenance. Due to its scale, the International Exhibition of Chinese Art of 1935 could be considered a representative example of trends in the Chinese art collecting of the 1930s. For this reason, a close analysis of the catalogue may help enrich our idea of the formation of collections of Chinese art, the formation of taste, and its evolution over time. Data related to the paintings from the catalogue are analysed and then compared to the current descriptions from museum databases and catalogues.
A fantasia política: a nova alternativa de interpretação do II PND
Authors: VELLOSO JOÃO PAULO DOS REIS
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Este artigo discute as conclusões do artigo “Uma alternativa de interpretação do II PND”, onde os autores tentam dar uma nova interpretação à racionalidade - ou à falta dela - do II PND (Segundo Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento) da administração Geisel. Entendemos que ao II PND não faltou raciocínio econômico e que o referido artigo não atribuiu características de patrimonialismo ao planejamento e execução do Plano.
THE ESOPHAGEAL, GASTRIC, AND COLORECTAL TUMORS AND THE ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPIES AND COLONOSCOPIES BY THE BRAZILIAN UNIFIED HEALTH SYSTEM: WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE?
Authors: RISSO Marilisa Ferruda Andreoli , COSTA Luigi Carlo da Silva , TERCIOTI JR Valdir , FERRER José Antonio Possatto , LOPES Luiz Roberto , ANDREOLLO Nelson Adami
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: Esophagogastroduodenoscopies and colonoscopies are the main diagnostic examinations for esophageal, stomach, and colorectal tumors. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the estimates of the incidence of esophageal, stomach, and colorectal cancer; population growth; and esophagogastroduodenoscopies and colonoscopies performed by the Unified Health System (SUS), from 2010 to 2018, in the five regions of the country, and to analyze the relationship between these values. RESULTS: The colorectal tumor had a significant elevation, while the esophageal and gastric maintained the incidences. In the five regions, there was a significant increase in the number of colonoscopies; however, this increase did not follow the increase in the population in the North and Northeast regions. There was no significant increase in the number of esophagogastroduodenoscopies in the North, Northeast, Midwest, and South regions, and in the North region there was a decrease. In the Northeast region, there was a decreasing number, and in the South and Midwest regions, the number of examinations remained stable in the period. The Southeast region recorded an increase in the number of examinations following the population growth. CONCLUSION: The current number of esophagogastroduodenoscopies and colonoscopies performed by the SUS did not follow the population growth, in order to attend the population and diagnose esophageal, stomach, and colorectal tumors. Therefore, the country needs to have adequate and strategic planning on how it will meet the demand for these tests and serve the population well, incorporating new technologies.
PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITION, ACCORDING TO THE GLIM CRITERIA, IN PATIENTS WHO ARE THE CANDIDATES FOR GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT SURGERY
Authors: SANTOS Maurício Luann Dantas dos , LEITE Luana de Oliveira , LAGES Isolda Carneiro Freitas
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: Surgical patients constitute a group of individuals who are commonly underdiagnosed and undertreated, where nutritional impairment can be either a preexisting finding or a result of the hypercatabolic and hypermetabolic state. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of malnutrition, according to the GLIM criteria, and its association with clinical and nutritional factors, in individuals admitted to a surgical unit of a general hospital. METHODS: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted, involving patients in the preoperative period due to gastrointestinal diseases. Demographic, clinical, and nutritional data were collected from adult and elderly patients admitted to a surgical unit between March and December 2019. Nutritional risk was assessed using the Nutritional Risk Screening tool (NRS-2002). The prevalence of malnutrition was found using the GLIM criteria. Binary logistic regression modeling was performed to determine the association between the diagnosis of malnutrition using the GLIM method and clinical and nutritional variables. RESULTS: The majority of the sample presented nutritional risk (50.2%) according to the NRS-2002. The prevalence of malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria was 32.3%, with severe malnutrition being predominant (21.2%) in all age groups. There was an association between malnutrition and nutritional risk detected by the NRS-2002 (OR: 5.791; 95%CI 3.201-10.478). There was a predominance of patients undergoing cancer surgery (64%) and these patients were more likely to be diagnosed with malnutrition (OR: 2.068; 95%CI: 1.161-3.683), after statistical adjustment. CONCLUSION: An important prevalence of nutritional risk assessed by the NRS-2002 and of malnutrition assessed by the GLIM method was identified, especially in its severe form. In addition, preoperative patients with nutritional risk, as detected using the NRS-2002 nutritional screening tool, and candidates for oncologic surgery are more likely to be diagnosed as malnourished using the GLIM criteria.
From ‘More Doctors’ to the COVID-19 pandemic: dual denialism in the Brazilian medical corporation’s performance
Authors: Dias Henrique Sant’Anna , Lima Luciana Dias de , Lobo Maria Stella de Castro
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT This essay analyzes the dynamics of Brazilian medical practice’s corporate action in the COVID-19 pandemic, from March 2020 to July 2021, from documents and institutional material of national medical entities, student organizations, groups of nationally reputed physicians, and journalistic articles and scientific literature publications on the subject. This period is marked by the politicization of the corporate agenda and the alignment with the denialist discourses of Jair Bolsonaro’s administration. It is argued that this process stems from a previous politicization: the clash against the More Doctors Program from 2013, the year of its launch, to 2019, when the Government deactivated it. The two historical moments reveal the dual denialism of the medical corporation, emphasizing weaknesses, contradictions, and dilemmas of the profession’s crossroads, which will require internal and social dialogues for a new consensus on corporate identity and the professional project of Medicine. Understanding the intertwining, disputes, and meanings of the dynamics and directions of the corporate action of Medicine allows identifying structural problems of political roots that prevent further advances in the consolidation of the Unified Health System.
COVID-19 in the working environment and its consequences on the health of workers
Authors: Moreira Maria de Fátima , Meirelles Luiz Claudio , Cunha Luiz Alexandre Mosca
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT This study showed the consequences of the new Coronavirus in the working environment and its effects on workers’ health. SARS-CoV-2 has a high transmission level through exhaled droplets, affecting organs such as the lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, and brain. Productive and social activities were interrupted, but many continued to operate due to market pressure. Health professionals are among the most exposed, but activities requiring many people in the same environment are at substantial risk of exposure to Coronavirus. Work can favor and accelerate the destruction caused by the virus. Inadequate economic and social policies contributed to the deterioration of the health crisis, increasing the economic and social crisis, marked by the loss of jobs and increased work instability. Control and prevention measures are required to reduce risk, but they should consider the nature of relationships in the work and social environment. Social isolation, hand hygiene, and masks are recommended measures, besides Personal Protective Equipment and collective measures for workers. The impact of the pandemic marks every worker involved. Several stressors arise or deteriorate, psychologically affecting many employees. Returning to work with adequate planning requires safety to minimize risks and protect workers.
Monitoramento da Covid-19 nas favelas cariocas: vigilância de base territorial e produção compartilhada de conhecimento
Authors: Angelo Jussara Rafael , Leandro Bianca Borges da Silva , Périssé André Reynaldo Santos
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Apresenta-se um ensaio crítico-reflexivo sobre a ocorrência da Covid-19 em espaços periféricos do município do Rio de Janeiro, tendo como metodologia principal a análise documental dos três boletins socioepidemiológicos Covid-19 nas favelas, publicados no âmbito do Observatório Covid-19 da Fiocruz. Os resultados dos referidos boletins foram apresentados e problematizados a partir do referencial teórico da epidemiologia crítica e da determinação social do processo saúde-doença, discutindo a magnitude da doença nas favelas. Ademais, compreendeu-se que este debate visibiliza e fortalece a reflexão sobre os impactos sanitários e sociais da Covid-19 nas áreas de periferia de todo o País. Foram descritos o processo de trabalho para a elaboração dos boletins, os desafios metodológicos enfrentados para monitorar processos epidêmicos em espaços periféricos, e problematizados os principais resultados à luz das desigualdades históricas que ficaram ainda mais evidentes com a atual pandemia.
Um nada ‘admirável mundo novo’: medo, risco e vulnerabilidade em tempos de Covid-19
Authors: Najar Alberto , Castro Leonardo
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Um novo coronavírus, designado inicialmente como 2019-nCoV e pouco depois como Sars- CoV-2, surgiu em Wuhan, China, no final de 2019. Em janeiro de 2020, pelo menos 830 casos haviam sido diagnosticados em diversos países. O Sars-CoV-2 é o terceiro coronavírus a surgir na população humana nas últimas duas décadas – uma emergência que colocou as instituições globais de saúde pública em alerta máximo. Pouco mais de um ano depois, registram-se casos e óbitos na escala dos milhões no mundo, com o Brasil ocupando posição destacada tanto em número de casos quanto de óbitos. A sucessão de eventos desse período recente atualizou questões de grande importância: o esgarçamento civilizacional, a potencialização das vulnerabilidades de toda ordem e os riscos decorrentes. Neste ensaio, propõe-se uma reflexão sobre as consequências sociais da pandemia a partir de uma perspectiva socioantropológica, revisitando temas clássicos da saúde e das ciências sociais, como medo, risco e vulnerabilidade. Observou-se o recrudescimento de tendências e acirramento de tensões que fazem olhar o horizonte com preocupação, especialmente com relação à expansão de dispositivos de biopoder. Assim, o presente artigo associa-se ao esforço reflexivo em curso sobre efeitos potenciais da pandemia da Covid-19 sobre as formas de socialidade e as relações de poder no mundo atual.
Contra o gênero: a “ideologia de gênero” na Câmara dos Deputados brasileira
Authors: Teixeira Raniery Parra , Biroli Flávia
Published: June 2022

Resumo: Este artigo propõe analisar a reação à agenda de igualdade de gênero e diversidade sexual, por meio do acompanhamento das proposições apresentadas na Câmara dos Deputados brasileira que mobilizaram a noção de “ideologia de gênero” e/ou ideologia e gênero conjuntamente. São analisadas proposições apresentadas entre 2012, quando a coleta indicou a primeira aparição conjunta de “ideologia” e “gênero”, e 2018, limite do levantamento, coletadas no site da Câmara dos Deputados. Verificaram-se os temas e os objetivos das proposições, assim como o perfil dos parlamentares que as apresentaram. A conclusão é que a noção de “ideologia de gênero” fomentou a convergência de múltiplos atores, em sua maioria conservadores católicos e pentecostais, em torno de dois temas principais: educação sexual e identidade de gênero. A análise contribui para a compreensão da dimensão nacional desse fenômeno, que desafia os direitos das mulheres e da população LGBTQ+, a laicidade do Estado e a própria democracia.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DAS MARCAS DIATÉCNICAS PARA TRADUTORES TÉCNICOS: USUÁRIOS DAS LÍNGUAS DE ESPECIALIDADE
Authors: Bertonha Fábio Henrique de Carvalho , Zavaglia Claudia
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Tendo em vista que a variação linguística é recorrente, um sentido dicionarizado marcado em função de sua variação diatécnica (HAUSMANN, 1977 apud WELKER, 2004) poderá guiar a escolha do tradutor, sobretudo aqueles em formação, com o intuito de ressaltar que uma determinada lexia deve ser utilizada em um contexto de uso singular e restrito. A partir disso, neste artigo, evidenciamos as relações entre Tradução e Terminologia sob a perspectiva da tradução especializada e da análise de questões terminológicas que os tradutores enfrentam, bem como estratégias e recursos mais adequados para saná-los, dentre eles, o olhar para as marcas de uso diatécnicas em verbetes de dicionários. Baseando-nos em Fajardo (1997), Strehler (1998), Garriga Escribano (2003) e Welker (2004), analisamos as marcas de uso que evidenciam um domínio especializado por meio da linguagem técnica presentes em unidades lexicográficas e seus respectivos equivalentes terminológicos em obras dicionarísticas escolares bilíngues impressas e on-line produzidas pelo grupo Michaelis que compõem o corpus deste estudo. Por fim, enfatizamos que as marcas de uso presentes em microestruturas de dicionários são uma forte aliada ao processo tradutório e apresentamos os diferentes graus de envolvimento terminológico que os tradutores podem se deparar durante o processo tradutório de seus textos. (Apoio: CAPES - DS/CNPq - PD 2).
RAÇA E INTERSECCIONALIDADE NA TRADUÇÃO: ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES PARA UMA ÉTICA NO FAZER TRADUTÓRIO
Authors: Lima Gardênia Nogueira , Filice Renisia Cristina Garcia , Harden Alessandra Ramos de Oliveira
Published: June 2022

RESUMO A discussão realizada neste artigo está fundamentada na convicção de que a tradução de textualidades negras nos seus vários formatos exige atenção às especificidades dos contextos a serem traduzidos. Nesse sentido, para que não se reproduza a violência do apagamento a que essa população foi exposta, a tradução desses escritos deve ser feita de modo a buscar estratégias que não apaguem a cultura refletida no texto-fonte e levem à elaboração de traduções éticas. Por meio da análise da obra de Oyèronkẹ́ Oyěwùmí (1997) e recorrendo a leituras na área de estudos da tradução e estudos de raça, busca-se aqui evidenciar a necessidade da realização de pesquisas e leituras sobre raça em momentos anteriores à atividade tradutória concreta, como parte da formação de futuras tradutoras. No Brasil, a invisibilização da população negra, a falta de tradutoras negras, o racismo e a colonização do pensamento devem ser superados para que cada vez mais a mediação realizada pela tradução reforce a voz dos segundos textos, denominação de Mbembe (2014) para os escritos que se contrapõem à versão ocidental sobre o negro (primeiros textos). Espera-se, portanto, contribuir para a reflexão sobre o importante e ativo papel que tradutoras de textualidades negras têm: o de cuidar para que seu trabalho não suprima a força da cultura e intelectualidade negra, negando-se a perpetuar o que Carneiro denominou como epistemicídio (CARNEIRO, 2011).