bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un estudio sobre el método estitsológico multisensorial de atención temprana
Authors: Ibáñez López Pilar , Mudarra Sánchez María José , Alfonso Ibáñez Cristina
Published: July 2020

RESUMENDentro de la línea de investigación que estamos realizando sobre estimulación temprana, con la aplicación del Método Multisensorial, es este artículo se presenta un estudio sobre dicho método, en una muestra de 478 niños que viven en contextos normalizados, de 0 a 6 años. Se valora el impacto de su aplicación fundamentalmente por los padres durante cuatro meses, analizando la significatividad de sus efectos en distintas áreas de desarrollo (socio-afectivo, perceptivo-cognitivo, motriz, pensamiento y lenguaje), considerando la influencia de variables como la edad del niño y de sus padres y el número de hermanos. Se sigue un diseño pretest-postest con grupos experimental y control, en el que se analizan los datos mediante diversos procedimientos estadísticos (t de Student, ANCOVA, medidas de asociación etc.). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la eficacia del Método Estitsológico Multi-sensorial en todas las dimensiones de desarrollo, especialmente en el desarrollo socio-afectivo y la coordinación sensomotriz, que justifican su aplicación como una estrategia eficaz de estimulación tem-prana.ABSTRACTIn this article we present a study within the line of investigation which we are developing on early stimulation, (with the application of the Multisensorial Estitsologic Method), with a sample of 478 children of 0 to 6 years old all of whom live in standardized contexts. The impact of its application is valued during four months, during which we analyze the significance of its effects in different areas of development (socio-affective, perceptive-cognitive, motor, thought and language). An experimental pretest-postest design is followed with the use of experimental and control groups in which the data are analyzed by means of diverse statistical procedures (t of Student, ANCOVA, grade of associationetc.). The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the Multisensorial Estitsologic Method in all the dimensions of development, specially in the socio-affective development and the coordination,that justify its application as an effective strategy for early stimulation.
Características, dificultades y necesidades formativas de los profesores tutores de educación infantil y primaria en los centros escolares de la provincia de Castellón
Authors: García Bracete Francisco-Juan , García Castellas Rosa , Doménech Betoret Fernando
Published: July 2020

RESUMENHemos utilizado una muestra representativa de 100 profesores de 38 centros escolares públicos de infantil y primaria de la provincia de Castellón. Para categorizar las respuestas hemos adaptado el procedimiento basado en la teoría de la fundamentación. Aunque la gran mayoría de profesores se consideran suficientemente preparados (88%), más de la mitad afirman que no han recibido ninguna formación (58%). La tutoría exige del maestro un conjunto de buenas características, especialmente tiene que ser un experto en relaciones interpersonales y tener una dedicación absoluta. Las relaciones con los padres y la falta de tiempo son las principales dificultades. Los tutores dicen que necesitarían mas formación práctica y conocimientos de psicología y pedagogía. La casi totalidad de categorías se han visto afectadas por algún factor del centro o del profesor, en particular la categoría que recoge el componente comunicador y negociador del tutor y las que hacen referencia a no tener dificultades.ABSTRACTA representative sample of 100 teachers from 38-statefunded infant and primary schools in the province of Castellón was used in the study. We adapted the procedure based on grounded theory in order to classify replies. Although a very high percentage (88%) of teachers consider themselves to be sufficiently well trained, more than half (58%) stated that they had not received specific training. The role of tutor demands a wide range of good characteristics in the teacher, and in particular they have to be experts in interpersonal relationships and be absolutely dedicated to their jobs. The main difficulties are considered to be relationships with parents and lack of time. Tutors report a need for more practical training and psychopedagogical knowledge. Practically all categories have been affected by some school or teacher factor, in particular, the category covering the communicating and negotiating element of the role of tutor, and this referring to not having anydifficulties.
Prácticum de la licenciatura en Psicología en la Universidad española
Authors: Gil Beltrán José Manuel , Climent Tormos Esther
Published: July 2020

RESUMENCon este trabajo se pretende mostrar como estaba el Prácticum en las Universidades Españolas hasta el curso 99/2000.Para la realización de este estudio, se confeccionó un cuestionario, enviado al responsable de la asignatura de Prácticum de todas las universidades españolas que imparten la licenciatura en Psicología.Además de las preguntas que permitían saber la organización del Prácticum en la universidad correspondiente, la última parte del cuestionario permitía señalar propuestas de mejora para próximos cursos.Se obtuvieron una serie de resultados entre los que destacaron los siguientes: La Universitat Jaume I de Castellón era la que más años llevaba impartiendo el Prácticum. Cada universidad oferta a sus estudiantes unas especialidades de Prácticum, y aunque se denominan de una manera concreta o se subdividen en distintos tipos, las ramas fundamentales son: Psicología Clínica, Psicología de las Organizaciones, Psicología de los Servicios Sociales, Psicología Educativa, Investigación.ABSTRACTThis work shows the situation of the practicum in Spanish universities up to the year 1999-2000. The research was conducted using a questionnaire that was drawn up and sent to the person in charge of the practicum in all Spanish universities offering a degree in Psychology.The questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first included all the questions concerning the organisation of the practicum in the corresponding university and the second enabled suggestions to be made for improvement in subsequent years.The following data from the results obtained are worth mentioning: Universitat Jaume I in Castellón was the university with the longest history of running practicums. Each university offers its students different practicum specialities. Although their specific names orsubdivisions may vary, the essential branches are as follows: Clinical Psychology, Organisational Psychology, Psychology of the Social Services, Educational Psychology and Research.
Perfil conativo de una muestra de niños de la calle de Ceuta
Authors: Cepero Espinosa Sergio , Herrera Clavero Francisco
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEsta investigación pretende conseguir dos objetivos: Primero, identificar el perfil conativo de una muestra de niños de la calle de la Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta y, segundo, resaltar la necesidad de incorporar al estudio tradicional de las características específicas de los niños y jóvenes de la calle, otros aspectos que, a nivel mundial, comparten entre sí como grupo poblacional.La información obtenida permite afirmar la existencia de dos perfiles bien diferenciados que aglutinan a los menores de la muestra. El primer perfil, agrupa a los menores que se “adaptan mejor” al ámbito institucional; mientras que, el segundo, recoge a aquellos que sufren mayor inadaptación socio-relacional, siendo los que más se resisten a cualquier tipo de tratamiento.Palabras clave: Niños de la calle, perfil conativo, Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta.ABSTRACTThis research seeks to achieve two goals: First, to identify the conative profile of a sample of street children from the Autonomous City of Ceuta and, secondly, to emphasize the need to incorporate to the traditional study of the specific characteristics of street children and youth, other aspects that, at world-wide level, share each other as a population group.The obtained data allows us to affirm the existence of two differentiated profiles that cluster the children of the sample. The first profile groups the children who “adapt better” to the institutional scope and, the second one gathers those who undergo greater partner-relational maladjustment, these being the ones who better resist any type of treatment.
Violencia escolar (“Bullying”): documento para padres y educadores
Authors: Tresgallo Saiz Emilio
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEl breve documento, analiza el término “bullying”, y las manifestaciones de la violencia escolar. Se ofrece una visión de los principales agentes implicados en dicho fenómeno (víctima, agresor y espectadores). Aspectos trascendentales del documento, resultan ser, los tratados en torno al momento, en el que los adultos, se enteran de lo que le sucede a la víctima, o las consecuencias de dicha violencia para los afectados. La novedad, del citado escrito, radica, en que incluye como uno de los fundamentales sufridores, del acoso escolar, al Profesor.ABSTRACTThe short document analyses the term “bullying” and the manifestations of school violence. It presents a view of the main agents involved in the mentioned term (victim, attacker and spectators). Transcendental aspects of the document turn out to be those which are addressed when the adults realise what happens to the victim, or the consecuences of this violence in which the affected children are involved. The novelty of the aforementioned document lies in that it includes teachers as one of the main sufferers of bullying.
La inclusión social y laboral de las personas con discapacidad intelectual mediante los programas de empleo con apoyo. Un reto para la Orientación
Authors: Egido Gálvez Inmaculada , Cerrillo Martiín Rosario , Camina Durantes Asunción
Published: July 2020

RESUMEN El empleo con apoyo constituye actualmente una de las estrategias más prometedoras para la inserción laboral de las personas con discapacidad. Este artículo sintetiza un proyecto de investigación en el que se ha implementado y evaluado un Programa de formación para la inserción laboral de jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual desarrollado en el ámbito universitario. Se describen los principales rasgos del Programa y se presentan sus resultados más relevantes. A lo largo del texto, se pone de manifiesto cómo un núcleo esencial del éxito de este tipo de experiencias es la realización de un trabajo sistemático de orientación personal y profesional en todas las fases del proceso. ABSTRACT Nowadays, supported employment is one of the most promising strategies in order to achieve the labour inclusion of people with disabilities. This article summarises a research project that includes the implementation and evaluation of a Training Program which is aimed at the job placement of young people with intellectual disability developed in a university context. The text describes the main characteristics of the Program, that it is dedicated to prepare 16 intellectually disabled young to occupy labour positions as secretary’s office and office boy. Due to the fact that the training is done in a uni‐ versity environment, the program allows the students to use the premises and the university services to do both the curricular activities and the leisure activities. The main content of the article shows the most relevant achievements of the experience. The results were collected through a systematic evalua‐ tion process based in questionnaires applied to the young participants in the Program, to their families and to teachers, in interviews answered by the university students that collaborate in the Program and in the analysis of the diaries of experiences of the disabled young participating in the Program. Besides the increase of their labour expectations and the improvement of their self-esteem as a consequence of their participation in the program, it can be showed how the development of the Program inside of the university gives additional advantages to the students and also to the university community. It is important to highlight that along the text it is expressed that the delivery of personal and career guidance in every stage of the process is one of the keys to the success of this kind of experiences.
Perfiles y competencias docentes requeridos en el contexto actual de la educación universitaria
Authors: Álvarez Rojo Víctor
Published: July 2020

RESUMENLa creación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior trae consigo una serie de cambios en la docencia universitaria, y por tanto en la actuación del profesorado. En este trabajo nos hemos planteado conocer la adecuación y relevancia de distintos perfiles docentes de cara a afrontar la docencia en el marco del EEES, e identificar las competencias más relevantes y útiles para el desempeño del profesorado universitario en este nuevo marco de referencia. Hemos partido de 4 perfiles y 87 competencias identificados en una fase previa de nuestra investigación. Un total de 61 profesores expertos, pertenecientes a cinco universidades españolas, han expresado sus valoraciones a través de un cuestionario diseñado para tal fin. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, los perfiles que hemos denominado “profesor multifunción”, “especialista en docencia” y “docente investigador” son los más valorados. Las competencias docentes más valoradas son las que se encuadran en la planificación de la docencia, desarrollo de la docencia y la evaluación, dándose menos importancia a las relacionadas con la tutoría del alumnado, la gestión y la propia formación continua.ABSTRACTGetting started the European Higher Education Area (EHEA); it brings about the need to implement some changes in university teachers teaching procedures. This paper presents some findings of a research study aimed firstly to stimate the suitability and importance for teaching in the EHEA of some teacher’s profiles; secondly we looked for the identification of core teaching competencies in that mentioned education context. In a previous research stage, 4 teachers’ profiles and 87 main teaching competencies have been identified; now we present the assessment of 61 senior professors (‘teaching experts’ – members of 5 spanish universities) about that profiles and competencies then identified; their opinions have been obtained through an on-line questionnaire. Research findings show three more valued teachers profiles, laveled as “multifunction teacher”, “teaching expert” and “research teacher”. Among the more valueted teaching competencies we find the competerncies for planning, implement and evaluate students learning; tutoring studentes and menagement competencies, as well as in-service teachers trainingcompetencies have not got such a high assessment scores.
Revisión sistemática: influencia de los Grupos de Ayuda Mutua sobre cuidadores familiares
Authors: Bernabéu-Álvarez Claudia , Faus-Sanoguera Mar , Lima-Serrano Marta , Lima-Rodríguez Joaquín-Salvador
Published: July 2020

Introducción: Desde la incorporación de la mujer al mundo laboral, junto con el envejecimiento progresivo de la población y el aumento de las enfermedades crónicas, se produce una alteración en el rol del cuidador, debido a la carga física, laboral y familiar que soporta, generándose conflictos emocionales y con el resto de miembros de la familia. La ayuda mutua puede ser una alternativa eficaz para promover el bienestar de los cuidadores, así como el de sus familias y dependientes.Objetivo: Conocer las características de los grupos de ayuda mutua (GAM) para cuidadores familiares y su influencia sobre los cuidadores, la persona dependiente y la salud familiar.Metodología: Revisión sistemática. La estrategia de búsqueda incluyó las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus, Psycinfo, Eric, Cochrane plus y CSIC. Se buscaron artículos escritos en español, catalán, inglés, portugués o francés, publicados en los últimos 10 años.Resultados: Se seleccionaron 12 artículos relacionados con el tema de estudio. Todos los estudios muestran que la participación en estos grupos puede mejorar el bienestar físico-psicológico, el estado de salud de los cuidadores y, al mismo tiempo, reforzar su sentimiento de apoyo social, aunque faltan estudios en nuestro medio, con un tamaño muestral superior y de mayor calidad.Conclusiones: Los cuidadores se benefician de participar en grupos de ayuda mutua. Por lo tanto, deben convertirse en un componente de rutina del cuidador familiar.

Introduction: Since the incorporation of women into the world of work, together with the progressive ageing of the population and the increase of chronic diseases, there is an alteration in the role of the caregiver, due to the physical, work and family burden it bears, emotional conflicts and with other family members. Mutual aid can be an effective alternative to promoting the well-being of caregivers, as well as their families and dependents.Objective: To know the characteristics of self-help groups for family caregivers and their influence on caregivers, the dependent and family health.Methodology: Systematic review. The search strategy included the Pubmed, Scopus, Psycinfo, Eric, Cochrane plus and CSIC databases; selecting scientific articles in either Spanish, Catalan, English, Portuguese or French, for the last 10 years.Results: 12 articles related to the study topic were selected. All studies show that participation in these groups can improve the physical-psychological well-being, the health of caregivers and, at the same time, reinforce their sense of social support, although there is a lack of studies in our environment, with a size higher quality sample.Conclusions: Caregivers benefit from participating in self-help groups. Therefore, they should become a routine component of the family caregiver.
Women with high level of education, victims of the care of people with Alzheimer's
Authors: Luque-Carrillo Patricia , Morales-Cané Ignacio , Carmona-Torres Juan Manuel , Manfredini Roberto , Rodríguez Borrego Mª Aurora , López-Soto Pablo Jesús
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Conocer la relación existente entre la tarea de cuidar a pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer, el Género de los cuidadores y su nivel de formación académica. Método: Estudio descriptivo, como sujetos de estudio 69 personas diagnosticadas de Enfermedad de Alzheimer y sus respectivos cuidadores familiares. En los cuidadores se analizó: la edad, el género, el nivel de estudios, carga, depresión, nivel de ansiedad, calidad de vida y soledad social. En los pacientes se valoró la edad, género, nivel de dependencia y estado neuropsicológico. La recogida de datos se realizó en 2016. Entre otros análisis se realizó análisis de regresión logística.Resultados: Se obtuvo que los cuidadores con estudios superiores sufrían mayor carga, siendo mujeres en su mayoría. Mujeres con más probabilidad de presentar soledad social, altos niveles de ansiedad y peor calidad de vida que los hombres. La carga puede ser debida al gran número de responsabilidades y a la imposibilidad de combinarlas con el papel de cuidador. Se puede concluir que las mujeres llegan a ser víctimas del cuidado de personas con Enfermedad de Alzheimer.

The aim of this job is to know the existing relationship between the task of caring patients with Alzheimer's disease, caregivers' gender and their level of academic studies. Descriptive study, 69 persons diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and their respective familiar caregivers as subjects of the study. Age, gender, academic level, burden, depression, anxiety level, quality of life and social loneliness have been measured in caregivers. Age, gender, dependency level and neuropsychological state have been measured in patients. Data collection was done in 2016. Logistic regression analysis was performed. Caregivers with high levels of academic studies suffer more burden, being women in their majority. They are more likely to present social loneliness and higher levels of anxiety and a worse quality of life than men. The burden may be due to a greater number of responsibilities to respond to, and to the inability to combine it with the role of caregiver. We can conclude that women become victims of caring Alzheimer' patients.
Chronic Disease and Pediatric Palliative Care: Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice In Light of Human Care
Authors: Buck Eliane Cristina da Silva , Oliveira Evelyne de Lourdes Neves de , Dias Thainá Caroline Costa , Silva Maria de Fátima de Oliveira Coutinho , França Jael Rúbia Figueiredo de Sá
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Analisar saberes e práticas de enfermeiros assistenciais sobre cuidados paliativos à criança com doença crônica, à luz da Teoria do Cuidado Humano. Método: Estudo qualitativo desenvolvido com doze enfermeiras de dois hospitais de referência em pediatria. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevista semiestruturada e analisados a partir de Análise de Conteúdo e Teoria do Cuidado Humano. Resultados: Da análise do material empírico emergiram as categorias: Saberes de enfermeiras assistências sobre cuidados paliativos, Situações elegíveis para promoção de cuidados paliativos pediátricos e Cuidados paliativos a criança com doença crônica na prática assistencial de enfermeiras. Conclusão: Existem fragilidades no saber das participantes que dificultaram a definição de cuidados paliativos, influenciando na adoção desses cuidados na prática assistencial. A medicalização foi descrita como a principal ação paliativa desempenhada pelas participantes. Contudo, medidas de conforto, comunicação e cuidado espiritual também foram abordados como meios para amenizar o sofrimento de crianças com doenças crônicas.
A importância do gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde: atuação do enfermeiro - The importance of health services waste management: nurse's performance
Authors: Mayworm Priscila Bastos , Silva Viviane Reis Fontes da , Marques Ganaine Mendes
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Investigar na literatura o correto gerenciamento e instrumentos para viabilizar a redução de custos através da utilização correta do Programa de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde e descrever a atuação do enfermeiro no Programa de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde. Método: abordagem qualitativa, e do tipo bibliográfico. Este trabalho traz como cenário os acervos das bibliotecas públicas e privadas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, e os sujeitos são fontes de livros, sites e monografias. A revisão de literatura foi respaldada pela ANVISA. Resultados: as categorias analisadas foram:  a equipe de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviço de Saúde: Enfatizando a atuação do Enfermeiro e o Manejo de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde. Conclusão: é importante a presença do profissional enfermeiro nas questões da preservação do meio ambiente, na colaboração com a prevenção de doenças, e no controle de gastos, visando assim uma diminuição dos resíduos de saúde. Não há bibliografia especificando que há um único profissional responsável pelo gerenciamento dos resíduos de serviços de saúde, fala-se da importância do trabalho em conjunto. Não há bibliografia especificando que há um único profissional responsável pelo gerenciamento dos resíduos de serviços de saúde, fala-se da importância do trabalho em conjunto.
Metal‐Free Oxidative [5+1] Cyclization of 1,5‐Enynes for the Synthesis of Pyrazine 1‐Oxide
Authors: Xia Xiao‐Feng , Zhao Mingming , He Wei , Zou Lianghua , San Xinxin , Wang Dawei
Published: July 2020

A chemo‐selective nitrosylation of 1,5‐enynes via a sequence of NO radical incorporation and intramolecular radical cyclization was reported. The formation of two C−N bonds and one C−O bond make this [5+1] cycloaddition reaction an efficient approach to synthesize pyrazine 1‐oxides in moderate to good yields. Metal‐free, short reaction time and mild conditions render this strategy more practical, eco‐friendly and convenient. Synthetic utility of this protocol is highlighted by scaffolds diversification.

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Quantum Transport in Topological Surface States of Selectively Grown Bi2Te3 Nanoribbons
Authors: Rosenbach Daniel , Oellers Nico , Jalil Abdur Rehman , Mikulics Martin , Kölzer Jonas , Zimmermann Erik , Mussler Gregor , Bunte Stephany , Grützmacher Detlev , Lüth Hans , Schäpers Thomas
Published: July 2020

Quasi‐1D nanowires of topological insulators are candidate structures in superconductor hybrid architectures for Majorana fermion based quantum computation schemes. Here, selectively grown Bi2Te3 topological insulator nanoribbons at cryogenic temperatures are investigated. The nanoribbons are defined in deep‐etched Si3N4/SiO2 nano‐trenches on a silicon (111) substrate followed by a selective area growth process via molecular beam epitaxy. The selective area growth is beneficial to the device quality, as no subsequent fabrication needs to be performed to shape the nanoribbons. In the diffusive transport regime of these unintentionally n‐doped Bi2Te3 topological insulator nanoribbons, electron trajectories are identified by analyzing angle dependent universal conductance fluctuation spectra. When the sample is tilted from a perpendicular to a parallel magnetic field orientation, these high frequent conductance modulations merge with low frequent Aharonov–Bohm type oscillations originating from the topologically protected surface states along the nanoribbon perimeter. For 500 nm wide Hall bars low frequent Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations are identified in a perpendicular magnetic field orientation. These reveal a topological, high‐mobility, 2D transport channel, partially decoupled from the bulk of the material.
Giant Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Mo‐Based Double‐Interface Free Layer Structure for Advanced Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Cheng Houyi , Chen Jingle , Peng Shouzhong , Zhang Boyu , Wang Zilu , Zhu Daoqian , Shi Kewen , Eimer Sylvain , Wang Xinran , Guo Zongxia , Xu Yong , Xiong Danrong , Cao Kaihua , Zhao Weisheng
Published: July 2020

A strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and a high thermal stability are essential for long‐term stable storage of data in PMA‐based magnetic tunnel junctions (p‐MTJs). This work investigates the magnetic anisotropy of the MgO/CoFeB/X/CoFeB/MgO double‐interface free layer stacks, where X represents the spacer material. After annealing at 350 °C for an hour, interfacial magnetic anisotropy (Ki) as high as 4.06 mJ m−2 is obtained in the MgO/CoFeB/Mo (0.4 nm)/CoFeB/MgO stacks, much higher than those for Ta‐ and W‐based films. Experimental and first‐principle calculation results demonstrate that bulk PMA plays a great role in the Mo‐based structure, which is often negligible in Ta‐ and W‐based structures. Moreover, a strong PMA is achieved after annealing at 500 °C, which is attributed to the weak interdiffusion and good uniformity as shown in high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy results. These findings help to understand the origin of strong PMA in Mo‐based structures and show the promising prospect of using this structure for high‐packing‐density p‐MTJs and other spintronic device applications down to 10 nm scale.
New winter crops and rotations for the Pacific Northwest low‐precipitation drylands
Authors: Schillinger William F.
Published: July 2020

This article is an overview of recent advances in dryland cropping in the region of the Inland Pacific Northwest of the United States (PNW) that receives <300 mm annual precipitation. The climate of the region is Mediterranean‐like with wet winters and dry summers. For the past 130 yr, monocrop 2‐yr winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow (WW–F) has been the dominant rotation practiced on >90% of rainfed cropland throughout this region. Rapid advances in technology in the past several decades and the realities of dryland farm economics prompted most farmers to expand their land area and adopt conservation tillage and no‐tillage practices. Three relatively new crops have gained some foothold in the past decade. These crops are winter pea (WP) (Pisum sativum L.), winter canola (WC) (Brassica napus L.), and winter triticale (WT) (X Triticosecale Wittmack). Like WW, all three of these “new” winter crops need to be planted in late August–early September into carryover soil moisture after a 13‐ to 14‐mo fallow period to achieve optimum yield potential. Researchers and farmers have experimented with a multitude of spring‐planted crops but, to date, all have shown high year‐to‐year variability in yield and none have been economically viable in the long term. The focus of this paper is to summarize major research conducted on WP, WC, and WT, as well as farmers’ attitudes on the potential of these three winter crops for wheat‐based rotations in the PNW drylands.
A comparative experimental study of the hygroscopic and mechanical behaviors of electrospun nanofiber membranes and solution‐cast films of polybenzimidazole
Authors: Zholobko Oksana , Wu Xiang‐Fa , Zhou Zhengping , Aulich Ted , Thakare Jivan , Hurley John
Published: July 2020

This article reports a comparative experimental study of the hygroscopic and mechanical behaviors of electrospun polybenzimidazole (PBI) nanofiber membranes and solution‐cast PBI films. As‐electrospun nonwoven PBI nanofiber mats (with the nanofiber diameter of ~250 nm) were heat‐pressed under controlled temperature, pressure and duration for the study; lab‐made solution‐cast PBI films and commercially available PBI films (the PBI Performance Product Inc., Charlotte, NC) were used as the control samples. Thermogravimetric and microtensile tests were utilized to characterize the hygroscopic (moisture absorption) and mechanical properties of the PBI nanofiber membranes at varying heat‐pressing conditions, which were further compared to those of solution‐cast PBI films. Experimental results indicated that the PBI nanofiber membranes carried slightly higher thermal stability and less hygroscopic properties than those of solution‐cast PBI films. In addition, heat‐pressing conditions significantly influenced the mechanical properties of the resulting PBI nanofiber membranes. The stiffness and tensile strength increase with increasing either the heat‐pressing pressure or duration, and relevant mechanisms were explored. The present study provides a rational understanding of the hygroscopic and mechanical behaviors of electrospun PBI nanofiber membranes and solution‐cast PBI films that are beneficial to their reliable cutting‐edge applications in high‐temperature filtration, polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs), etc.
Performance adjustable porous polylactic acid‐based membranes for controlled release fertilizers
Authors: Wang Xiaosong , Zhang Xu , Han Xiaozhao , Liu Kun , Xu Chao , Hu Xianguo , Jin Zhenghui
Published: July 2020

Here, the phase inversion method using a mixture of chloroform and acetone as a solvent was adopted to fabricate a series of porous polylactic acid (PLA)‐based membranes for controlled release fertilizers (CRFs). Cellulose acetate (CA) was used as an additive; polyethylene glycol (PEG) and nano‐SiO2 were used as porogens. Our first interest is to investigate effects of the amount of additive and porogen and type of porogens on the resulting membranes' performance. Results show the dialysis coefficient for membrane M1‐3 (CA content of 2%) is nearly 20 times higher than that for M0‐1 (CA content of 0%), suggesting that the addition of CA can promote the membrane's permeability. Porogens can increase membranes' hydrophilicity, dialysis coefficient and nutrient release rate. However, there is no obvious performance difference between membranes with different porogens. Secondly, M1‐2 (no porogen), M2‐2 (nano‐SiO2 content of 0.5%) and M3‐2 (PEG content of 0.5%) were selected to coat urea granules. Results show the nutrient release rate of urea coated by M2‐2, M3‐2 is much higher than that of urea coated by M1‐2. This research suggests the resulting membranes' performance is easily adjustive and they can be applied to prepare various CRFs to fertilize various crops.
C-reactive protein trajectory to predict colorectal anastomotic leak: PREDICT Study
Authors: Stephensen B D , Reid F , Shaikh S , Carroll R , Smith S R , Pockney P
Published: July 2020

Background

Anastomotic leak is a common complication after colorectal surgery, associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and poorer long-term survival after oncological resections. Early diagnosis improves short-term outcomes, and may translate into reduced cancer recurrence. Multiple studies have attempted to identify biomarkers to enable earlier diagnosis of anastomotic leak. One study demonstrated that the trajectory of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels was highly predictive of anastomotic leak requiring intervention, with an area under the curve of 0·961. The aim of the present study was to validate this finding externally.

Methods

This was a prospective international multicentre observational study of adults undergoing elective colorectal resection with an anastomosis. CRP levels were measured before operation and for 5 days afterwards, or until day of discharge if earlier than this. The primary outcome was anastomotic leak requiring operative or radiological intervention.

Results

Between March 2017 and July 2018, 933 patients were recruited from 20 hospitals across Australia, New Zealand, England and Scotland. Some 833 patients had complete CRP data and were included in the primary analysis, of whom 41 (4·9 per cent) developed an anastomotic leak. A change in CRP level exceeding 50 mg/l between any two postoperative days had a sensitivity of 0·85 for detecting a leak, and a high negative predictive value of 0·99 for ruling it out. A change in CRP concentration of more than 50 mg/l between either days 3 and 4 or days 4 and 5 after surgery had a high specificity of 0·96–0·97, with positive likelihood ratios of 4·99–6·44 for a leak requiring intervention.

Conclusion

This study confirmed the value of CRP trajectory in accurately ruling out an anastomotic leak after colorectal resection.
Chemical Constituents from Endophytic Fungus Annulohypoxylon cf. stygium in Leaves of Anoectochilus roxburghii
Authors: Gao Shuo , Tian Wen‐Jing , Liao Zu‐Jian , Wang Guang‐Hui , Zeng De‐Quan , Liu Xiang‐Zhong , Wang Xiao‐Yao , Zhou Hu , Chen Hai‐Feng , Lin Ting
Published: July 2020

The chemical investigation on endophytic fungus Annulohypoxylon cf. stygium in leaves of Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. has been performed. Sixteen compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as (−)‐notoamide A, (−)‐notoamide B, (+)‐versicolamide B, notoamide C, notoamide D, stephacidin A, sterigmatocystin, dihydrosterigmatocystin, secosterigmatocystin, versiconol, averufanin, kipukasin D, kipukasin E, diorcinal, palmarumycin CP2 and (−)‐(3R)‐mellein methyl ether, respectively, by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. All the compounds were isolated from Annulohypoxylon genus for the first time. Sterigmatocystin and palmarumycin CP2 showed selective cytotoxic activities against HepG2, HeLa, MCF‐7 and HT‐29.
A chemometric approach to compare Portuguese native hops with worldwide commercial varieties
Authors: Martins Zita E. , Machado Júlio C. , Cunha Sara C. , Barata Ana Maria , Ferreira Isabel M.P.L.V.O.
Published: July 2020

A diversity of native hops can be found in Portugal, but little is known concerning their volatile and sensory profiles. Nowadays, the exponential growth of the craft beer sector and the preference for more flavoured beers promote the research of unexplored wild hops that have the advantage of being well adapted to the Portuguese edaphoclimatic conditions. Therefore, the goal of this study was to characterize the volatile profile of 75 native Portuguese hops and compare with 34 commercial varieties by means of headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC/MS), in order to select those that present similarities with commercialized hops and confirm by check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) analysis if they present similar organoleptic characteristics. Due to the complexity of hop volatile profile and the great number of samples analysed, robust chemometric treatment of chromatographic and sensorial data was required to make reliable conclusions. Twelve Portuguese hops present a volatile profile and sensory characteristics quite similar to some commercial varieties, because 11 Portuguese hops were grouped with the European varieties Challenger, Hallertauer Magnum and Perle, both in volatile profile and sensory analysis and one clustered with American registered varieties.
Conservation production systems in the mid‐southern USA: III. Zone tillage for furrow‐irrigated soybean
Authors: Bryant C.J. , Krutz L.J. , Reynolds D.B. , Locke M.A. , Golden B.R. , Irby T. , Steinriede R.W. , Spencer G.D. , Mills B.E. , Wood C.W.
Published: July 2020

Mid‐southern U.S. soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] producers are frequently encouraged to adopt no‐tillage systems to capture the associated environmental benefits; however, adoption is minimal due to the need for raised seedbeds for irrigation and drainage purposes. This research was conducted to determine if zone tillage systems, with and without a tillage radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. longipinnatus) cover crop, can maintain yield, profitability, and water use efficiency relative to that of a conservation tillage system with subsoiling. The effects of conservation systems on soybean grain yield, net returns above specified costs, and water use efficiency were investigated near Stoneville, MS on a Dubbs silt loam (Fine‐silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Hapludalfs). Relative to a conservation tillage system with subsoiling, switching to a zone tillage system with or without a cover crop had no effect on soybean grain yield (P = .4986), net returns above specified costs (P = .3724), or water use efficiency (P = .5652). Our data indicate that mid‐southern U.S. soybean productivity and profitability are maintained in zone‐tillage systems.
Transforming Photocatalytic g‐C3N4/MoSe2 into a Direct Z‐Scheme System via Boron‐Doping: A Hybrid DFT Study
Authors: Ai Changzhi , Li Jin , Yang Liang , Wang Zhipeng , Wang Zhao , Zeng Yamei , Deng Rong , Lin Shiwei , Wang Cai‐Zhuang
Published: July 2020

Z‐scheme photocatalytic systems are an ideal band alignment structure for photocatalysis because of the high separation efficiency of photo‐induced carriers while simultaneously preserving the strong reduction activity of electrons and oxidation activity of holes. However, the design and construction of Z‐scheme photocatalysts is challenging because of the need for appropriate energy band alignment and built‐in electric field. Here, we propose a novel approach to a Z‐scheme photocatalytic system using density functional theory calculations with the HSE06 hybrid functional. The undesirable type‐I g‐C3N4/MoSe2 heterojunction is transformed into a direct Z‐scheme system through boron doping of g‐C3N4 (B‐doped C3N4/MoSe2). Detailed analysis of the total and partial density of states, work functions and differential charge density distribution of the B‐doped C3N4/MoSe2 heterojunction shows the proper band alignment and existence of a built‐in electric field at the interface, with the direction from g‐C3N4 to MoSe2, demonstrating a direct Z‐scheme heterojunction. Further investigation on the absorption spectra reveals a large enhancement of the light absorption efficiency after boron doping. The results consistently confirm that electronic structures and photocatalytic performance can be effectively manipulated by a facile boron doping. Modulating the band alignment of heterojunctions in this way provides valuable insights for the rational design of highly efficient heterojunction‐based photocatalytic systems.
From Electronic Waste to Suzuki−Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction in Water: Direct Valuation of Recycled Palladium in Catalysis
Authors: Lacanau Valentin , Bonneté Françoise , Wagner Patrick , Schmitt Martine , Meyer Daniel , Bihel Frédéric , Contino‐Pépin Christiane , Bourgeois Damien
Published: July 2020

From electronic waste to Pd‐catalyzed reaction! The straightforward valuation of palladium recovered from electronic waste is reported here. Following a classical leaching stage, palladium is selectively extracted from a complex aqueous mixture of metallic cations into an organic phase. Afterwards, the judicious choice of a surfactant enables stabilization of palladium during back extraction cycles, and the direct preparation of an aqueous micellar solution, which can be employed in a model Suzuki−Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction. Clean phase separation is observed, and distribution of all components between organic and aqueous phases is mastered. The proposed process avoids several waste generating steps dedicated to palladium isolation and ultimate purification, as well as the preparation of palladium pre‐catalyst. This novel approach enables a better use of both natural resources and industrial wastes, through new cycles in circular economy.
A Durable Ruddlesden‐Popper Cathode for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells
Authors: Huan Daoming , Zhang Lu , Li Xinyu , Xie Yun , Shi Nai , Xue Shuangshuang , Xia Changrong , Peng Ranran , Lu Yalin
Published: July 2020

Protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) have been proved as an efficient energy converter at intermediate temperatures. To accelerate the kinetics of the proton‐involved oxygen reduction reaction (p‐ORR), developing efficient and durable cathodes is of great importance for improving PCFCs. In this work, a new triple‐layered Ruddlesden‐Popper (R−P) structure oxide, Sr3EuFe2.5Co0.5O10−δ (3‐SEFC0.5), was developed as a potential single‐phase cathode for PCFCs, showing high oxygen non‐stoichiometry and desirable structural thermal stability. By employing this highly active and stable single‐phase cathode, the PCFC demonstrated unprecedented low polarization resistances and exceptionally great peak power densities, which were approximately 0.030 Ω cm2 and 900 mW cm−2 measured at 700 °C, respectively. These findings not only manifest the effectiveness of optimal doping in improving the structural stability and electrocatalytic activity in the multi‐layered perovskite family, but also highlight the great potential of using multi‐layered R−P series oxides as highly active and durable catalysts for PCFCs.
Achieving Near‐Unity CO Selectivity for CO2 Electroreduction on an Iron‐Decorated Carbon Material
Authors: Hu Xin‐Ming , Mendoza Daniela , Madsen Monica Rohde , Joulié Dorian , Lassalle‐Kaiser Benedikt , Robert Marc , Pedersen Steen U. , Skrydstrup Troels , Daasbjerg Kim
Published: July 2020

A straightforward procedure has been developed to prepare a porous carbon material decorated with iron by direct pyrolysis of a mixture of a porous polymer and iron chloride. Characterization of the material with X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and electron microscopy indicates the presence of iron carbide nanoparticles encapsulated inside the carbon matrix, and elemental mapping and cyanide poisoning experiments demonstrate the presence of atomic Fe centers, albeit in trace amounts, which are active sites for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The encapsulated iron carbide nanoparticles are found to boost the catalytic activity of atomic Fe sites in the outer carbon layers, rendering the material highly active and selective for CO2 reduction, although these atomic Fe sites are only present in trace amounts. The target material exhibits near‐unity selectivity (98 %) for CO2‐to‐CO conversion at a small overpotential (410 mV) in water. Furthermore, the material holds potential for practical application, as a current density over 30 mA cm−2 and a selectivity of 93 % can be achieved in a flow cell.
Understanding the Formation of Deep Eutectic Solvents: Betaine as a Universal Hydrogen Bond Acceptor
Authors: Abranches Dinis O. , Silva Liliana P. , Martins Mónia A. R. , Pinho Simão P. , Coutinho João A. P.
Published: July 2020

The mechanism of formation of betaine‐based deep eutectic solvents (DES) is presented for the first time. Due to its polarity unbalance, it was found that betaine displays strong negative deviations from ideality when mixed with a variety of different organic substances. These results pave the way for a comprehensive design of novel deep eutectic solvents. A connection to biologically relevant systems was made using betaine (osmolyte) and urea (protein denaturant), showing that these two compounds formed a DES, the molecular interactions of which were greatly enhanced in the presence of water.
Heterogeneous Non‐noble Catalyst for Highly Selective Production of Linear α‐Olefins from Fatty Acids: A Discovery of NiFe/C
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Lin Wenwen , Li Yafei , Okejiri Francis , Lu Yubing , Liu Jixing , Chen Hao , Lu Xiuyang , Fu Jie
Published: July 2020

Catalytic deoxygenation of even‐numbered fatty acids into odd‐chain linear α‐olefins (LAOs) has emerged as a complementary strategy to oligomerization of ethylene, which only affords even‐chain LAOs. Although enzymes and homogeneous catalysts have shown promising potential for this application, industrial production of LAOs through these catalytic systems is still very difficult to accomplish to date. A recent breakthrough involves the use of an expensive noble‐metal catalyst, Pd/C, through a phosphine ligands‐assisted method for LAOs production from fatty acid conversion. This study presents a unique, cost‐friendly, non‐noble bimetallic NiFe/C catalyst for highly selective LAOs production from fatty acids through decarbonylative dehydration. In the presence of acetic anhydride and phosphine ligand, a remarkable improvement in the yield of 1‐heptadecene from the conversion of stearic acid was found over the supported bimetallic catalyst (NiFe/C) as compared to corresponding monometallic counterparts (Ni/C and Fe/C). Through optimization of the reaction conditions, a 70.1 % heptadecene yield with selectivity to 1‐heptadecene as high as 92.8 % could be achieved over the bimetallic catalyst at just 190 °C. This unique bimetallic NiFe/C catalyst is composed of NiFe alloy in the material bulk phase and a surface mixture of NiFe alloy and oxidized NiFeδ+ species, which offer a synergized contribution towards decarbonylative dehydration of stearic acid for 1‐heptadecene production.
Hidden diversity in Antarctica: Molecular and morphological evidence of two different species within one of the most conspicuous ascidian species
Authors: Ruiz Micaela B. , Taverna Anabela , Servetto Natalia , Sahade Ricardo , Held Christoph
Published: July 2020

The Southern Ocean is one of the most isolated marine ecosystems, characterized by high levels of endemism, diversity, and biomass. Ascidians are among the dominant groups in Antarctic benthic assemblages; thus, recording the evolutionary patterns of this group is crucial to improve our current understanding of the assembly of this polar ocean. We studied the genetic variation within Cnemidocarpa verrucosa sensu lato, one of the most widely distributed abundant and studied ascidian species in Antarctica. Using a mitochondrial and a nuclear gene (COI and 18S), the phylogeography of fifteen populations distributed along the West Antarctic Peninsula and Burdwood Bank/MPA Namuncurá (South American shelf) was characterized, where the distribution of the genetic distance suggested the existence of, at least, two species within nominal C. verrucosa. When reevaluating morphological traits to distinguish between genetically defined species, the presence of a basal disk in one of the genotypes could be a diagnostic morphological trait to differentiate the species. These results are surprising due to the large research that has been carried out with the conspicuous C. verrucosa with no differentiation between species. Furthermore, it provides important tools to distinguish species in the field and laboratory. But also, these results give new insights into patterns of differentiation between closely related species that are distributed in sympatry, where the permeability of species boundaries still needs to be well understood.