bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iran and Turkey: From Regional Competition to Trading Partnership
Authors: Habibi Roza , Mahdizadeh Akbar
Published: May 2015

The profound and accelerated developments of the region have paved the way for the role play of the regional actors. In this regard, the role of Iran and Turkey as two regional powers is clear and undeniable. Iran and Turkey are two major players of the region whose roles and limit of effectiveness differ and are sometimes complementary. The closeness of these two players creates a strong political, security and economic bloc in the Middle East. Upon emphasizing the ancient history and heritage of two great empires, the collaboration of Iran and Turkey is the best chance to compensate the past tensions and to obtain trade cooperation, stability and peace. As a result, the present research deals with the relations of the two countries.
Effectiveness of Psycho - Educational Intervention on the Rate of Attention of Preschool Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Malekpour Mokhtar , Shooshtari Mozhgan
Published: May 2015

The aim of this research was to investigating the effectiveness of psycho-educational interventions on the Rate of attention of preschool children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Statistical population included all Preschool boys with ADHD in Isfahan city, Iran during 2011-2012. The sample of this research was 30 children with ADHD Symptoms. To select this sample, multi-stage random sampling was employed. Then these 30 pre-schoolers were randomly assigned in two groups, (15 children in the experimental group and 15 children in the control group). Research method was experimental with pre and post test design. Research tool, was parent’s Conner’s questionnaire and clinical interview. Psycho-educational interventions as independent variable was performed on experimental group. Data was analyzed by analysis of Covariance. The results showed that the Psycho - Educational interventions is effective on the rate of attention of preschool children with ADHD (p < 0/001). Therefore, psycho-educational intervention is one of appropriate approach for improvement of attention in children with ADHD.
Silence as an Uncertainty Communicational Inductor
Authors: Vlăduţescu Ştefan
Published: May 2015

The study explores the silence as communicational element and as autonomous message; also, highlights its specificity as an inductor of uncertainty. Thesis that silence radiating uncertainties is proved by using the comparative method and procedures of natural logic and erotetic logic. From the comparison between word and silence follows some characteristic notes of silence: a) the silence is an element without accredited code (there is not a coherent and usable code of silence); b) mostly silence is not only element of communication, but autonomous message; c) the fact that peace is a property of nature and the silence is intentional human element; d) the fact that silence is no speech, logos, discourse, it is an incomplete and expressive "language"; e) that silence is the most important communicational element and uncertainty message inductor.
A Computational Line of Comprehension of Account
Authors: Avram Marioara , Traistaru Aurelia
Published: May 2015

The study creates a trail of computational explaining of the account and balance sheet as nuclear structure of the elements functioning of an entity. The main working tool used for situation and patrimony elements movement recording is the account. The balance sheet presents the situation of the patrimony elements at a time, leading to a broader scope, while the account has a much narrower scope, referring only to a patrimonial element - genre or test case - included in the balance sheet but about which shows both the situation at a time and the modifications which are registered over periods of time. By its form, the account allows the separate registration of the increases and movements in a given period and establishing of the existence of the patrimonial element anytime. By account is also performed a systematization of economic and financial operations.
Human Security in Africa: Issues and Problems
Authors: Adeyemi-Suenu Adebowale
Published: May 2015

The problem of human security is though a global phenomenon, but it is more pronounced in Africa because of its numerous problems of development. This paper however articulates these problems from colonial, post-colonial, and contemporary issues confronting African states. These issues are examined within the vortex of wars, small arms, problems of economic development, and gradual continental extinction. All these are issues and problems in human security in Africa.
Studying the Relationship between Critical Thinking Skills and Students’ Educational Achievement (Eghlid Universities as Case Study)
Authors: Taghva Fateme , Rezaei Narges , Ghaderi Javad , Taghva Roghaye
Published: May 2015

In today’s complex world, several changes are occurring. Also there is an intensive competition among societies in achieving advanced technologies. In this regard, societies and individuals are forced to attempt in achieving it. Education is an important issue in this area, as students cannot be passive in 21th century. This is why that final and quantitative goal of education should be changed and critical thinking should be considered as one of the inevitable goals of education. Education of critical thinking may results in new technologies that its goal is making people health not making them destructive. the present study is a descriptive-correlation research. In such studies, the author attempts to examine type and degree of the relationship between variables. Generally, there are several factors influencing students’ educational achievement. The authors of this study have attempted to examine the relationship between teachers’ critical thinking and students’ educational achievement. This study has been done in the universities of Eghlid city. A sample of 130 students has been selected from this population randomly. The respondents were asked to answer the questionnaire. In order to collect the research data, critical thinking questionnaire has been used. Correlation coefficient method has been used for analyzing the research data and testing the research hypotheses in the SPSS. The results of this study revealed that there is a significant relationship between teachers’ critical thinking and students’ educational achievement (p ≤ 0/05). Another part of the results indicated that there is not any significant difference between male and female students in terms of critical thinking.
Social Interactions in the Public Space in the Context of Public Confidence
Authors: Borowski Andrzej
Published: May 2015

Without confidence, without conviction that another person can be trusted, it is not possible to function well, neither in places associated with private life nor public ones. In this study, special attention has been given to the issues of public confidence as a context of social interactions taking place in public places. Confidence is also indispensable in the sphere of activities in public places and local communities, as well as with different types of interactions. But confidence increases also a co-operation and the latter affects an increase in the level of confidence. Adherence to cultural rules, as far as the question of confidence is concerned, on the basis of inertia is of dysfunctional nature in the aspect of society as a whole. Definitely greater confidence is generated by the society being fully democratic, with the established traditions in this regard.
Reengineering some Uncertainties about Communicational Relationships
Authors: Vlăduţescu Ştefan
Published: May 2015

The impulse to start the current research is represented by the ascertainment that in the universe of communication there is a persistence of uncertainties regarding the place and the functions of communicational relationship in the processes of communication. This study takes into account the fact that in the nuclear center of communication there is a communicational relationship. The investigation focuses on revealing the conceptual articulations for understanding the idea of communicational relationship. We emphasize the fact that, on the first level, communication is a voluntary social involvement, an intentional existential manifestation. The so-called involuntary aspects of communication are moments of loss of control on generating meanings. There cannot be communication without a will for communication. The meanings are the first level of human will and desire for communication. The second level is the message. Communication itself appears as an integrative third level of human will for communication. We help the emergence to be seen and delineate the criteria for the comprehension of communicational relationships: existential manifestation, the classes of communicators (actors, agents, actants, interactants, transactants), transactivity (transactional criterion), and repetition (iteration). The conclusion is that the communicational relationship is an interpersonal-iterative, transactional and life-existential meaningful manifestation.
The Revolution in the Poetry of Dabiran
Authors: Kamaladdini Seied Mohammad Bagher
Published: May 2015

The poetry of the era of the Islamic Revolution developed alongside the Islamic movement of Iran in the closing years of the previous regime, and soon indicated its future direction. Many poets were inspired by the demonstrations and protests of the days of the Revolution to write about achievements of the movement and reflect the new values of the popular movement in their poetry, with their mainly epic, mystic and religious aspects. After the Revolution, these works grew in quantity and reflected the bravery and self-sacrifice of the generation of the Revolution. The traditional and religious emotions of the people opened up a new horizon for Persian poetry and literature and paved the way for the introduction of new subjects, theme and even vocabulary into the language and literature of Iran. The poetry of Gholamreza Dabiran is a characteristic example of the poetry of the Revolution, in which all literary features and rhetorical figures are reflected.
Strategies and Stratagems of Negotiation
Authors: Teodorescu Bianca
Published: May 2015

Negotiation is a dynamic process through two or more persons are discussing about some problems in order to reach a satisfactory agreement on common interest. The techniques of negotiation represent procedures, methods used by negotiators to approach the process. In this process, it is important to know how to handle the problems that appear in the negotiation in achieving the desired result. For winning the negotiation, the person who applies to the discussion needs to anticipate the steps that are taken by his partner and what kind of situation might call for his skills as a negotiator. The act of negotiation has four phases: preparation- identification of interest, debate- direct communication, proposal-suggestion in finding a solution and bargaining-obtaining a result. The negotiation is based on stratagems too. A stratagem is a scheme or a clever plot. Stratagems are persuasive strategies. All these elements must induce fear to the partner of negation in order to reach success. We can say that a negotiation is a complex communication based on a persuasive project.
Heuristic Valences of Professional Newspapers
Authors: Ionescu Dan
Published: May 2015

Heuristic valences of professional newspapers, on the Moravian organization and activity of the institutions that they founded, preserves information taken from News initiating activity, what means guard or pre-military training for youth, school cooperatives about (importance, their purpose and practical means of achievement) and about the country teacher attributions. This study is dedicated to examples highlighting the vigor of newspapers storage, primarily thanks to discipline and editors vocation and secondly, public attentive to everything concerning him (Borowski, 2013; Frunză, 2014). The best getaway ever, those hit by complaints in the area where they were working, featured it the newspapers. Here came and told their inconvenience and had ambitions that the situation will resolve, if not even improve.
Huxley’s Ape and Essence and Human Manipulation
Authors: Babaee Ruzbeh , Wan Yahya Wan Roselezam
Published: May 2015

In Ape and Essence (1948), Aldous Huxley indicates that people and their lives are highly controlled and regulated by disciplinary systems. Not only are people‟s minds controlled by the disciplines, but also physical bodies are disciplined into submission and literally taken away from their rightful owners. In fact, in Belial society of Ape and Essence, people are considered as the property of the State. Thus, their goals and ambitions revolve around satisfying the States needs. This present study shows the impacts of disciplinary systems- as a consequence of nuclear bomb- on humanity, and investigates the ways through which human beings are manipulated in Ape and Essence.
Landmarks of Corporate Social Responsibilities in Romania
Authors: Teodorescu Mirela
Published: May 2015

Currently, the image of a company, its corporate identity and culture have become of fundamental importance. Involvement in the community is necessary for a company that wants to ensure not only commercial success but also the respect in which society operates. Donations, sponsorship and corporate social responsibility are forms that companies can interact with the community in which it operates. The difference between a company's social responsibility and philanthropy is that the former involves the development of a strategy for community involvement and partnerships in which the company has in turn gain, while in the case of philanthropy, NGO strategy is oriented towards solving the problems of beneficiaries. Corporate Social Responsibility is a concept increasingly more present in Romanian business society. Obviously, the main driver in this process have established multinationals that have done a transfer of organizational culture locally. Like almost every important concept, undergo accelerated assimilation needs, has become more like a fashion initially, than as a result of full awareness of the needs. As expected in an economic and social framework rather immature and unstable social responsibility in Romania was valued more for its commercial valences than the ethical. In a market that was becoming increasingly competitive, players quickly discovered the potential of this dimension in the construction process of the image and reputation building, as the prerequisite for commercial success in the short and medium term (Hawkins, 2006). I want to emphasize from the outset that, the complexity of processes and phenomena referred to, the impact they have on the living standards and health of the population, Sectoral Strategies for Sustainable Development, which will be launched today, concern equally to state authorities at central and local level, and each of Romanian citizens. Therefore, it is natural to train as many social partners in public debates on sectoral strategies launched during the session, so that they integrate with society's expectations Romanian, medium and long term, says President Ion Iliescu in opening allocution of First Session on Strategy of Sustainable Development of Romania “Horizon 2025” (Ion Iliescu, 2004).
Some Uncertainties at Romanian Beginning of the Philosophy of History
Authors: Vlăduţescu Ştefan
Published: May 2015

The study is part of the contemporary effort of scanning and philosophical-epistemological exploration of valuable research of the history of philosophy and the philosophy of history. The investigative approach proves that the Xenopolian philosophical ideas are extended in relation to the status of philosophy at the time. It follows that in his writings the scientist uses a philosophic vocabulary and thematizes interrogatively the elevated aspects of the reflection on history.
Evaluating the Readiness of Management Schools to Execute Knowledge Management
Authors: Jandaghi Gholamreza , Irani Hamid Reza , Jandaghi Ehssan , Mousavi Zeinab Sadat , Davoodavabi Maryam
Published: May 2015

A new branch of management called knowledge management is created for improved application of knowledge capital in organizations. Applying such process improves knowledge processes and enhances organizational knowledge by linking knowledge management with organizational strategies. Also, it provides proper guidelines to compensate current deficiencies and helps organization to keep its competitive advantage. In present study and after brief study of knowledge management concepts by identifying and considering affecting factors on management success and knowledge management enablers, research hypotheses were revealed to evaluate organizational readiness to execute knowledge management in both individual and organizational sections. The readiness of Management Schools in Qom province of Iran to execute knowledge management was assessed and confirmed by a questionnaire and the relevant scores were computed. Then, the weak points were identified according to the readiness of the statistical population and proper guidelines were provided to remove deficiencies.
Ageing, Risk and the EU
Authors: Powell Jason L.
Published: May 2015

This article explores the concept of ‘risk’ in relation to the theoretical study of old age and welfare in Europe. Ideas related with what has been conceptualised as the ‘risk society’ (Beck, 1992) have, it might be argued, become part of the organising ground of how we define and position the ‘personal’ and ‘social spaces’ in which to grow old. This has startling continuities across Europe. These spaces have served to place the definition of what it means to be an older person – shifts from state care to individualised care (Phillipson and Powell, 2004). As Ulrich Beck (1992) claims, in the conditions of advanced modernity, growing old moves from being a collective to an individual experience and responsibility.
Place of the Didactic Literature in Vahshi Bafghi's Khold-e-Barin
Authors: Kamaladdini Seied Mohammad Bagher
Published: May 2015

Masnavi Khold-e-Barin is one of letters that educate people moral courses in different ways. Vahshi Bafghi by using his special technique, compose a word full of advice and using the different metaphor sings helps to understanding of good and bad issues in life. He expresses ethical messages in two ways, the theme of novel and direct expression. This paper tries to evaluate the Place of the educational literature in Vahshi Bafghi's Khold-e-Barin; the author shows aspects and features of didactic literature using content analysis in Khold-e-Barin. Issues such as the avoidance of envy, greed, worldly and other worldly courses, advice and the moral results of tales, praised of the knowledge and awareness, chastity word of poet, give didactic Ethics and Spirituality atmosphere to this letter. In this research, didactic poems in two sections of “sermon – ethical” and “Education – Spiritual” have been studied.
The Mimic (Wo)man ‘Writes Back’: Anita Desai’s In Custody
Authors: Arasteh Parisa , Pirnajmuddin Hossein
Published: May 2015

This article aims to trace the articulation of resistance in terms of gender and the postcolonial condition in Anita Desai’s In Custody (1984). As one of the most prominent post-Independence Indian writers of her time, Anita Desai has been a strong voice in portraying the Indian domestic sphere. Accordingly, one of the main concerns of Desai’s novels has been the representation of women and their struggles against patriarchal and colonial oppression. Though promising in many aspects, the political Independence of 1947 failed to unburden women from the ideal visions of womanhood promoted both by traditional community and colonialists in India. The present study focuses on the portrayal of women and female instances of resistance and the spaces through which they manage to survive in a male-dominated Post-Independence Indian society. Since the 1980s, Homi K. Bhabha has opened up a wide variety of critical issues fundamental to the understanding of colonial and post-colonial condition. His theorization of the idea of ‘mimicry’ is used in order to explore the socio-cultural interrelations Desai’s novel seeks to reveal.
Revision of the American Frontier in Doctorow's; Welcome to Hard Times
Authors: Ramin Zohreh
Published: May 2015

The present paper seeks to demonstrate how Doctorow revises the history of America in his Welcome to Hard Times. The novel is written in the tradition of a parody which is the most characteristic technique employed in postmodern fiction. Setting his novel in the late nineteenth century Dakota County, Doctorow debunks traditional notions of the west as a land of endless opportunity, freedom and success. This he achieves through the inversion of character, setting and events in the cyclic structure of the novel. But the novel is not only a parody of the western. In this novel parody is a tool which provides Doctorow a means to reach a broader objective; by inverting traditional notions of the western, Doctorow not only the reader revise his understanding of the western myth of frontier expansion in particular and the American dream of hope for a better future and economic prosperity in general.
Travels in Aspects of their Functions and Pedagogical Values
Authors: Gębora Agnieszka Katarzyna
Published: May 2015

Travels influence on comprehensive human development, they are source of knowledge, create possibility of satisfaction of one basic need which is the need of cognition. Tourism education gives chances for people to take part in culture dialogues, educate in a humanistic way, breaks barrier between nations and societies of different regions of the world. Travel, apart from place, time and aims and other circumstances which every trip is accompanied with, gives the chance for development.
Ontological Foregrounding in Luigi Pirandello’s Six Characters in Search of an Author
Authors: Madahian Masoud , Pirnajmuddin Hossein
Published: May 2015

Pirandello's twentieth-century play is so form-conscious and experimental in technique that it can be characterized as postmodernist. As the dominant of postmodernist literature, ontology has formed the poetics of Pirandello's Six Characters in Search of an Author. The poetics of his play foregrounds ontology: different ontological planes are conceived in its world. Each of these planes – ontologies – stands for a world. Moreover, ontological foregrounding signifies breaking the ontological boundaries between the worlds in the play, hence the confusion of ontologies. The result has been the coexistence of different ontologies that induces ontological instability and indeterminacy in the structure of the play. In fact, the world logic of the six characters does not meet with that of the Actors, and it brings about ambiguity and a(n)(ontological) tension between their worlds.
The Comparative Study of Borrowing in Hafez and Iraqi’s Poetry
Authors: Yousefi Hadi
Published: May 2015

Undoubtedly, the precise survey indicates that there was an inseparable link among Persian literature, Islam and Quran verses and prophet's Hadith as well and it will be continued. The first individuals who adorned their poetries by verses and Hadith were some poets such as Rudaki, Abushakur Balkhi and Kesaie Maruzi. Borrowing is welcomed by the poets in the next eras and it has continued until now as we can observe Sohrab Sepehri's pliability from Quran in his works easily. The present study aims at investigating borrowing in the poetry of two Farsi literature poets, Hafez and Iraqi, the rate of their exploitation of verses and Hadith and also comparative methods of the issue. The results reveal that the names of Quran and prophets in Hafez's poetry have an increased frequency, also Hafez has excelled Iraqi at conceptual function and Iraqi has excelled Hafez at applying a part of verses.
The Evolution of Industrial Democracy in a Small-Island Economy, Mauritius
Authors: Betchoo Nirmal Kumar
Published: May 2015

This research work concerns an evaluation of the Employment Relations Act 2008, ERA 2008, from its inception in 2008 up to the present date. Considered as a major revolution in industrial relations, the legislation has met with mitigated results. Firstly, trade unions have contested the legislation in terms of loopholes and inadequacies concerning employee protection. Secondly, the public including people at work are not fully knowledgeable of the legislation because of its complexities and numerous issues that are addressed but not looked into. The assessment of the ERA is seen from the perspectives of employee relations whereby it addresses better the pluralistic perspective since Mauritius, a small-island economy in the Indian Ocean, has maintained its cultural identity of democracy and alongside industrial democracy. The research emphasises that through amendments to the legislation, it is seen that employee relations must sound and dynamic to maintain the concept of industrial democracy and see that employees are better off with the ERA 2008 since it replaced the former Industrial Relations Act (1973).
Accenting of the Negative Journalism in Economic Crisis Periods
Authors: Vlăduţescu Ştefan
Published: May 2015

The study joins the law and deontological axis of the journalistic communication and it theorizes the phenomenology of grimness's direct and indirect impact on the journalistic discourse. The assumptions of the starting hypothesis are the following: because of austerity, a lot of changes have occurred in terms of opinions, behavior and attitudes; consequently, these changes occur in the journalistic field, as well as in the media's relationship with the audience. This thesis proves that under economic crisis, under the pressure of lack of money, media operators' negative-persuasive behavior increases. In order to prove this, we appeal to psychological, logical, comparative and argumentative methods. Thus, it is obvious that austerity decreases the audience's availability for media's rational argumentation (persuasion) and increases its sensitivity to journalistic negative emotional, persuasive arguments. Under these conditions, in journalistic communication the media exploits this excess of emotional sensitivity by providing even more persuasive motivations and arguments.
Structural Changes Utilization Agricultural Land and Plant Production: The Case Northeastern Montenegro
Authors: Rajović Goran , Bulatović Jelisavka
Published: May 2015

Among the growth, potential of northeastern Montenegro primary importance is agricultural land. The structure of agricultural land according to the use, by applying the method of alternating splitter in the system 6/6, we found type of secondary representation meadows, with a greater share of pasture and arable land P3L2O1 participation. Type the equal participation of vegetables, animal fodder and grain products and share uncultivated arable land Po2Sk2Ţ1No1, characterized by the use of the structure of arable land. Judging by the size of the total area planted, production volumes, as well as other indicators, crop production northeastern Montenegro mainly serves to meet the needs of the household. A smaller part of are intended market
Structural Changes in Livestock Production: The Case Northeastern Montenegro
Authors: Rajović Goran , Bulatović Jelisavka
Published: May 2015

The production structure of agriculture northeastern Montenegro, livestock production has a very important role, because without a stable and developed livestock production has neither developed agriculture. Therefore, in this paper, shows the change in the number of livestock by type and category. Fluctuations in the number of cattle in the period 1964-2005, primarily the result of economic factors, such as reduced local and regional markets, low purchasing power, transition, privatization, lack of long-term development strategy for livestock, technological and technical unwillingness processing facilities, primary production disorganization, poor farmers and processors association, insufficient and slow recovery racial composition of cattle. Applying the method of alternating splitter Systems 6/6 in 1964, we have found in northeastern Montenegro, type with a dominant share of sheep and cattle share (O5G1), who in 2005 was gradually transformed into a type with equal participation of sheep and cattle (O3G3). Judging by the number and categories of livestock by type, production volume, as well as other indicators, livestock production in the region, mainly serves to meet the needs of the household. A smaller part of are intended market. To mention the problems were solved in an appropriate manner, it is necessary to adopt appropriate strategies in livestock development with the proposed measures, that has to be long term, because only in this way can stop the decline in the number of cattle to provide the increase livestock production and improve the quality of livestock products.
Comparative Study on the Supre-Segmental Phonemes between English and Sichuan Dialect
Authors: Ma Chuan Dong , Tan Lun Hua
Published: May 2015

Supra-segmental phonemes, the prosodic features of a language, including stress, pitch, intonation, rhythm and juncture, play a very important role in distinguishing meaning in English. This paper analyzes the supra-segmental phoneme differences between English and Sichuan Dialect from the following four aspects: word stress, intonation, rhythm and junture. We are convinced that if language teachers in China have some knowledge of the transfer theory and if they know clearly the similarities and differences of the supra-segmental phonemes between English and their mother tongue, it would be much easier for them to know the language focuses and difficulties for the learners and their teaching would be more effective.
The Effect of Content-Based Language Instruction on EFL Learners' Attention, Engagement, Volunteering and Verbal Interaction
Authors: Heidari-Shahreza Mohammad Ali
Published: May 2015

Encouraged by the increasing popularity of content-based courses in academic contexts, the present study explored the possible effects of content-based language instruction (CBLI) on 72 Iranian university students’ motivated behaviors, namely, attention, engagement, eager volunteering and verbal interaction. The participants, who took part in the study, were divided into two groups of language class (LC) and content class. The average age in both groups was 22 with almost the same language proficiency level. To gather information on the participants’ motivated behaviors in language class and content class, a modified version of COLT (Communicative Orientation of Language Teaching) and MOLT (Motivation Orientation of Language Teaching) classroom observation scheme was implemented. Each class was observed five times during the first semester of the educational year 2012-2013. The observations took place with three-weak interval between them which totally covered almost the whole semester. The analysis of scheme-based classroom observation for a whole semester revealed that the students in the content-based class paid attention, engaged in and volunteered for learning tasks and activities more than their counterparts in the language-based class did. They also had more contribution to the total verbal interaction in the classroom. In the light of the findings, this study suggests that by shifting the focus in English language classrooms from form-focused to meaning-focused, language instructors can create more opportunities for the students to participate in learning activities and remain well-motivated throughout the semester.
Sustainable Architecture: An Appeal of the Global Environment
Authors: Golrokhi Ali , Kateb Fatemeh
Published: May 2015

Given the fact that protecting the environment and saving the exhaustible fossil resources is of high importance there is a need to utilize the clean and renewable energies like the solar energy more than ever before. The residential tower with a sustainable approach is not a common residential space and it has been adapted with the sustainable architecture where this in itself has engendered in the saving of the national resources. A sustainable designing means a dynamic balance among different systems of the environment and scientifically speaking it is a simultaneous attaining the sustainability of socio-economic, cultural and environmentalist systems.
Persuasive Way of Communicational Propaganda
Authors: Vlăduţescu Ştefan
Published: May 2015

This study examines communication fundamentals of propaganda. Using meta-analyticalmethod shows that propaganda is one of the main forms of persuasive communication. Propaganda aspersuasion of the ability to express an opinion appears in the 20th Century as consequence of theformation of nations and urban concentrations and of the appearance of a new technique, which leadto spreading the prints, the word and the image. Contemporary propaganda is characterised byimproving the old types of propaganda and the emergence of new types.
The Studying the Effect of Social Capital on Job Satisfaction in General Inspection Organization of Iran (GIO)
Authors: Darvish Hasan , Jandaghi Gholamreza , Mashayekhi Maryam
Published: May 2015

In this research has been paid to the research and study of new concepts in management that is considered to the attention of many researchers in various fields including economics, social sciences, and political science and ... because of its strand nature. This study investigates the effect of social capital on job satisfaction of managers and employees in the State General Inspection Organization. The purpose of this study, the type of application and data collection methods, descriptive. This study is called correlation research because of the relationship between two or more variables. In this study has been investigated the model by using exploratory and confirmatory analysis statistics. The statistics society of this research is managers, experts and employees of the State General Inspection Organization. Confirmatory factor analysis of social capital in the first question of all questions except 58 and 61 t-value are acceptable to that question will be removed and the job satisfaction of first-order factor analysis of questions 2 and 31 are removed and values x 2 / df First-and second-order confirmatory factor analysis, and RMSEA of social capital and job satisfaction of first-and second-order model is indicative of the suitability and the value of x 2 / df and RMSEA T-value of the structural model and the necessary modifications are appropriate.
Globalization and the Global Manual of Islamic Education
Authors: Tudu Shehu Yusufu Birnin
Published: May 2015

The global world does not exist on it own, nor the events in the globe left without a guide. For machinery to operate successfully there is the need for strict adherence to its operation manual. The source of Islamic education provides man with complete code of life as guiding principles covering all aspects of the global life. The paper discuss Qur'an the Devine rules from the global Creator to the universal creatures, the bases and guide for successful universal or global operation and development.
Challenges of Automobile Technology in Entrepreneurship Development
Authors: Okuta Segun , Dawha Josephine Musa
Published: May 2015

The desire of Federal Government of Nigeria and the world over is the building of a better world in the 21st century, where the economy of the nations would be seen to have developed by quality of high level manpower produced by higher institutions of learning. Therefore, educators of tertiary institutions must prepare for entrepreneurial training that will richly transform the economy. In discussing the challenges of Automobile Technology in entrepreneurship development, the paper examines the concept of entrepreneurship development, the roles of government and non-governmental organizations, challenges of Automobile Technology in entrepreneurship development such as lack of practical based curriculum and inadequate funding. The paper also offers suggestion that curriculum should be frequently reviewed and adequate funding be provided.
Total Quality Management: Today’s Business Excellence Strategy
Authors: Singh Hardeep , Singh Bikrampal
Published: May 2015

In this world of hard competition and globalization quality has become the necessity and the requirement of every customer. Quality is must to win the game of competition. Quality is a mandatory factor to retain the customers. Poor quality leads to loss of customers. This paper has been made to make the readers aware about the concept of Total Quality Management (TQM). The research methodology used in this paper is purely based on research work. This includes data based on primary and secondary sources. Secondary sources include various research papers, news papers, professional journals, magazines, text books an d various websites. Primary data was collected with the help of personal interactions, telephonic interactions with the learned people.
The Role of Small Scale Enterprises in Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas of Sokoto State
Authors: Abubakar Ibrahim Sirajo , Ladan Zayyanu
Published: May 2015

Poverty reduction is a major goal and issue for many international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Bank. The World Bank estimated 1.29 billion people were living in absolute poverty in 2008. This is more obvious with the regard to Nigeria where it was estimated about 70 % (2010) of the population are living below poverty line. Similarly, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) recently released the figure in 2013., which indicate Sokoto state as having highest incidence of poverty, with 81.2 % poverty rate. The pressure of poverty and the absence of any other income earning activity during the dry season force the people in these area of the North Western part of Sokoto on Migration after every raining season across the country, in order to sustain their livelihood. This paper is of the opinion that rural dwellers can be self reliant within their locality by utilizing the available resources as well as establishing some new business ideas for small scale business as a strategy in poverty reduction and controlling high migration rate. Similarly the paper recommend among others, the effective enlightenment awareness and motivation on the role of boosting the economic development of the rural areas.
Assessing the Status of Fine and Applied Arts Curriculum in Human Capacity Building in North Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Shedrach Goshi M.
Published: May 2015

Art is everything in life, no nation or society survives without art. It can also be seen as a natural and immediate form of expression. It equips the teeming youths or the citizenry with job opportunities and reduces unemployment rate, but on the other hand, unemployment and national insecurity is drastically on the increase. This necessitated the assessment of fine and applied arts curriculum in terms of human capacity building in north eastern Nigeria. Two research questions were formulated to guide the researcher in the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted to seek the opinion of the respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 50 students and 12 lecturers from three colleges of education from three states of north eastern Nigeria, these are:- Federal College of Education (Tech) Potiskum, Yobe State, Federal College of Education (Tech) Gombe, Gombe State and College of Education Azare, Bauchi State. The total of 62 subjects was used as the population. Statistical mean was used to answer the research questions and t-test was used to analyze the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. In the findings, infrastructure and facilities are so much lacking. Some recommendations were made one of which is: there is the need for an analytical curriculum.
Implementation of Admission Guidelines in Colleges of Education in South East, Nigeria
Authors: Israel Paul Chijioke , Israel Happiness Cherechi
Published: May 2015

The regulation of entry qualification is one of the quality assurance measures in colleges of education. The essence of this measure is to ensure that only candidates with the mental capacity to pursue and complete a course of study in a tertiary institution are admitted into this level of education. The success of any policy measure toward the attainment of its underlying objectives however depends on the level of its implementation. Due to some unpleasant remarks about the quality of some products of teacher education institutions, this study was executed to determine the extent of implementation of some stipulated guidelines for the admission of students into colleges of education in the south East of Nigeria. In order to accomplish the study, the multistage sampling technique was used to draw six colleges out of eleven colleges of education in the area. From the six colleges, 205 academic and non academic staff were drawn out of about 2053 staff. The research data were collected using researchers’ constructed Admission Guidelines Implementation Rating Scale (AGIRS). This instrument has a validity index of .95. It was supplemented by the Admission Guidelines Implementation Interview schedule also constructed by the researchers. The data so collected were analyzed by means of both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study showed that whereas some stipulated admission guidelines were being implemented to a high degree, the level of implementation of others were low. Also found was a disparity in the level of implementation of stipulated guidelines between federal colleges and privately owned colleges of education. Consequently, it was recommended that the National Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE) should step up its monitoring and evaluation functions in the colleges with special attention given to the private colleges.
The Role of Adult Education in National Development
Authors: Jinna Yilben James , Maikano P.N.
Published: May 2015

Adult and non-formal education has been apparently much neglected aspect of educational activities in the country. This neglect could be traced to our colonial heritage where the British colonial masters and the early missionaries who pioneered education in the African continent paid attention only to formal education to train clerks and interpreters in Government service and commercial houses; and catechists in the church. The complication and the problem of organizing and administering non-formal education is yet another reason for the neglect.
Temporal Variation of Students’ Drug Abuse in Langtang North Local Government Area, Plateau State - Nigeria
Authors: Dangbin Joseph Philip , Samuel E.S.
Published: May 2015

This study determined the temporal variation of students’ drug abuse in Langtang North Local Government Area - LGA, Plateau state - Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was employed for the study with data collected from a sample of 752 students’, selected through multi stage sampling procedure from all the secondary schools in Langtang North LGA. The instrument for data collection was investigators’ structured ten items questionnaire. Face validation of the instrument was obtained through the judgement of five experts. A reliability index of .84 was obtained through the outcome of pilot testing using split half method. Frequencies, percentages and overall means were utilized to answer the research question while Chi-square statistic was used to test the null hypothesis at .05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that overall, a slightly higher proportion of the students’ in the morning (40.4%), followed by during dry season (37.6%), in the evening (33.4%), during festive period (29.8%), at weekends (27.8%), and during rainy season (24.2%) moderately abused drugs. The study further revealed that students’ drug abuse differed according to temporal variation (Cal χ2 = 325.873 > χ2 tab = 12.59, df = 6, p < .05). Following from the findings of the study, it was recommended that the Federal Government and Non-Governmental Organizations should endeavour to sponsor people to review the current intervention programs on drug abuse so as to strengthen measures that will further alter the negative attitudes and practices-related to inappropriate use of drugs that still exist. As the review on the current intervention programme is done; the outcome that is consistent with the current drug abuse trends when implemented ought to improve on the current status quo. As the current intervention programme is implemented and adopted, it will further curtail substance abuse thereby having informed and healthy people that will live devoid of drug abuse in Langtang North, Plateau state and the country at large.
Application of ICT in Nigerian Educational System for Achieving Sustainable Development
Authors: Gidadawa Zainab Sambo , Dogondaji Mansur Bello
Published: May 2015

Information communication Technology (ICT) is an indispensable part of the contemporary world. Infact, culture and society have to be adjusted to meet the challenge of knowledge age. The pervasiveness of ICT has brought about rapid technological, social, political and economic transformation, which has eventuated in a network society organized around ICT. In view of the above therefore, the paper tries to highlight on the application of ICT in Nigerian educational system for achieving sustainable development. Also, the paper discusses the concept of ICT, sustainable development as well as the computer itself and its major components. Finally, the paper concludes on the challenges of ICT in Nigeria and some possible recommendations were offered.
Sabotage in Patronage: Crimes and Globalization in an Islamic Culture Perspective
Authors: Yeldu Hanafi Usman
Published: May 2015

The concept of globalization pretence universal development, along the line, crimes revolves round globalization. Crimes grow in equal rate with globalization, the more the developmental inventions, the high the rate of crimes. Like globalization, crimes are global phenomena, detrimental to the development of the world nations. Unless humanity are educated religiously to understand and illuminate these crimes before a meaningful globalization could be attain. This paper intends to bring to light these crimes as sabotage of globalization.
Investigating the Causes of Examination Anxiety and Ways to Reduce it among the Payame Noor University Students South of the West Azerbaijan Province
Authors: Movloudi Siamand , Mahmoudfakhe Heman
Published: May 2015

The aim of the present research was to investigate the causes of examination anxiety and ways to reduce it among the Payame Noor University students south of the West Azerbaijan province. The universe under study was all the Payame Noor university students south of west Azerbaijan (Mahabad, Naghade, Piranshahr). They number around 12000 who were differentiated as 5401 boys and 6599 girls. The sample in question in this research was 300 people including 171 girls and 129 boys. The sampling method was a random-classification one. To collect data in this research , a researcher made questionnaire that included 32 questions as well as a standard 25 question questionnaire for the examination anxiety(Ahvaz) were used so as to measure the depending variable (examination anxiety). The research method was survey and for analyzing the data, the inferential statistics (Spearman correlation test and U Mann-Whitney test) were used. Findings revealed that there is a direct significant relationship among the familial life and examination anxiety, personality characteristics, environmental factors, quality of regulations and administration of examinations and both mental and bodily characteristics.