bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Group Factors As A Part Of Drama Education
Authors: Toivanen Tapio , Pyykkö Anu
Published: June 2014

This article aims to answer the following questions: 1) How do structural factors of a group appear in drama teaching? 2) How do structural factors of a group influence the progression and functionality of a drama lesson? An analytic model of the structural factors that influence drama lessons was developed in a preliminary study by Toivanen, Pyykkö & Ruismäki. The purpose of the developed analyzing model was to help prospective teachers to increase their theoretical knowledge of the structural factors that influence drama teaching. The chosen structural factors as the target of the theoretical study are; norms, roles, statuses and communication in the group. In this study the research material contained seven videotaped drama lessons held by class teacher trainees at the Helsinki University Teacher Training School in Finland. The pupils were from the Teacher Training School of Helsinki University’s primary school. The set of data used in this study was collected in spring 2011 and 2012. The video material included lessons from the 1st and 2nd grades. Researchers coded the video recordings that formed the basis of the analysis. This study confirms that consideration of the pupil’s group roles has an impact on the success of the lesson. The success of the lesson means pupils commitment and active participation in the drama work. The considering of group roles had a connection to all the other studied structural factors of the group. Trainee teachers’ remedial actions during drama lessons were also aligned with the consideration of group roles. The teaching-studying-learning process in the context of the classroom drama is challenging as compared to many other ways of teaching. The nature of classroom drama requires a physical mentality that should be involved in fictional roles, time and space as well as in the social group roles of the class. Teachers using drama need to be able to facilitate the working dynamics of both kinds of groups in empty space. Becoming a teacher using drama in education requires knowledge of group dynamics (pedagogical skills) and drama (substance management) in order to anticipate problems in drama teaching situations.
Multiage Instruction: An Outdated Strategy, Or A Timeless Best Practice
Authors: Ritland Valerie , Eighmy Myron
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this study was to explore the practices of multiage instruction with experts who have best practice knowledge or practitioner expertise in the multiage classroom. This investigation provided a foundation of knowledge on multiage instruction regarding strategies and challenges, the pros and cons of multiage instruction, and training and resources needed for the successful implementation of multiage instruction. A Delphi methodology was utilized which consisted of three rounds of surveys. The population comprised two panels of experts, multiage theory experts and multiage practitioner experts, based on required criteria for each panel set. A total of 21 experts completed Round One, which consisted of 55 Likert scale statements. A total of 20 experts completed Round Two, which consisted of 31 statements/questions. A total of 20 experts completed Round Three, which consisted of 29 statements. The findings in the study found the panel experts agreed that multiage instruction remains a credible practice today that should be recognized and supported by state boards of education. They also agreed that once oriented to the philosophy and after their child has spent time in the classroom, parents tend to be generally excited about the practice of multiage instruction. The experts further agreed that children of all abilities and needs can be successful in the multiage classroom. In terms of training and preparation, experts agreed that parents, teachers, school boards, principals, and superintendents should all receive training on the philosophy and strategies of multiage instruction in order for it to be a successful practice. There was consensus among the panellists in this study that it is difficult to find regular training and conferences geared for elementary teachers who work in multiage settings. Panel experts identified strategies that multiage teachers use including how the room is arranged, flexible grouping, theme-based learning, collaborative learning, and peer mentoring. Through open-ended questioning, panellists also identified challenges as well as training and resource needs.
Enhancing Ninth Grade Students' Understanding Of Human Circulatory System Concepts Through Conceptual Change Approach
Authors: Alkhawaldeh Salem A.
Published: June 2014

The present study investigated the effectiveness of combining conceptual change text and discussion web strategies on students’ understanding of human circulatory system concepts. The data were obtained from 38 students in the experimental group taught with conceptual change text accompanied with discussion web, and 36 students in the control group taught with traditional instruction. After instruction, data were analyzed with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) using the Test of Logical Thinking and pretest scores as covariate. The conceptual change instruction, which explicitly dealt with students’ misconceptions, produced significantly greater achievement in understanding of human circulatory system concepts. Results also revealed that the students' logical thinking and previous understanding of human circulatory system concepts accounted for significant portion of variation in understanding of human circulatory system concepts.
Comparison Effectiveness Stability in Two Career Counselling Approaches on Entrepreneurship Skills Over Time
Authors: Fekri Katrin , Shafiabady Abdollah , Nooranipour Rahmatollah , Ahgha Ghodsy
Published: June 2014

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness stability of Shafiabadi's multi-axial model using and Gottfredson's theory of circumscription and compromise during the time. Statistical population was humanities graduate volunteer students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch, who attend to entrepreneurial classes. According to random sampling 45 individuals were selected among people who had been achieved fewer scores in the entrepreneurship skills questionnaire and randomly were replaced in three groups 1, 2 and control. Researcher's made questionnaire tools for entrepreneurship skills was used that its content validity, construct, and criterion were approved. Its credibility was calculated 0.90 by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Test groups of one and two received respectively eight training entrepreneurship sessions based on Shafiabadi's model and Gottfredsons' theory. the control group has no intervention. Results showed that both of two groups are effective to increase entrepreneurship skills and multi-axial model is more effective. A month later, both two groups were tested again to investigate stability results. Also, results showed that findings of both two groups were stable over the time and multi-axial model is more stable.
The Sign Language and Spoken/Written Language of Bilingual Method for Hearing-Impaired Children in Pre-Schools in Latvia
Authors: Zaiceva Inamora
Published: June 2014

Problem statement: to explore the theoretical aspects of the bilingual method related to the acquisition of the sign language and Spoken/Written language for hearing-impaired children. Purpose of Study: to identify in the article the correlations of the theoretical and empirical research on the bilingual method related to the language acquisition process of hearing-impaired children and its impact on the acquisition of key skills of the sign language and Spoken/Written language for children having serious hearing-impairment at a pre-school educational establishment; provision of the selection of pedagogical methods and the link between the sign language and Spoken/Written language for hearing-impaired children at a pre-school educational establishment. Research methods: The theoretical analysis of the bilingual method in relation to the language skills and special practical approaches letting explore the reading and writing skills of hearing-impaired children referring to the sign language and Spoken/Written language within the bilingual method for children with serious hearing-impairment. The results of the research correspond to the theoretical standpoints and the researches of other countries. They show the link between the gradual acquisition of the sign language and Spoken/Written language dynamics for children with serious hearing-impairment setting priorities for children in the choice of the sign or verbal language acquisition. The results of the research indicate a dynamic link between the acquisition of the sign and Spoken/Written language skills in the learning process for hearing-impaired children at pre-school educational establishments. Conclusions: a correct choice and impact of pedagogical methods in the acquisition of the sign and Spoken/Written language skills taking into consideration the language acquisition peculiarities for children with serious hearing-impairment. The overview and analysis of the theoretical and practical material let think of the regularities of the sign Spoken/Written and language acquisition which will help improve the learning process for hearing-impaired children at pre-school educational establishments. Qualitatively applying these techniques and this method the language acquisition process for children with serious hearing-impairment is made positive and dynamic.
Pancasila as an Islamic Ideology for IndonesianMuslim: An Interview with Munawir Sjadzali
Authors: Prasetyo Hendro
Published: June 2014

The independence of Indonesia created a new political horizon. The shift from old political systems such as ethnicity-based, monarchic or colonial, to a nation-state has been an invaluable experience for Indonesians. They started to live in a pluralistic society and within new international relationship. BUt given the fact  that the new system was embryonic and different from the oldones, Indonesians also experienced intricate frictions in both political and spheres.  Conflicts of interests, wheter religious, classbased or cultural, became an inseparable part of the political process.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i1.871
Kultur Kelas Menengah dan Kelahiran ICMI
Authors: Mujani Saiful
Published: June 2014

Robert W. Hefner and Mitsuo Nakamura argue that the establishment of the Ikatan Cendikiawan Muslim se-Indonesia (ICMI), or the Muslim Intellectual Society of Indonesia, is a manifestation of the rising Muslim middle class that the cultural foundation of the Muslim middle class and the ICMI is 'renewal Islam' or Islamic neomodernism, which stresses the modern spirit: tolerant, pluralist, moderate, democratic, etc.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i1.872
Islam and Party Politics in Rural Java
Authors: Pranowo Bambang
Published: June 2014

This essay shall discuss the decrease of religious polarization as a result of depoliticization at the rural level which, in turn, results in a blurring of the distinctions between santri and abangan. This is a 'by product' of a field study which conducted in Tegalroso (a pseudonym), a dry land village on the west slope of Mount Merbabu in the Regency of Magelang, Central Java, during July to December 1987. Politically, before the banning of the Indonesian Communist Party PKI) in 1966, this village was known as the stronghold of the PKI and the Indonesian Nationalist Pany (PNI). Socially, the village was notorious for being crime-ridden, gambling and theft being prevalent, and, religiously, most people of the village, observed from outside, appear to fall into the category of 'nominal Muslims', labeled by many as abangan (Geertz 1960, Lyon 1970, Ward 1974).DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i2.855
Devaluating the Aliran Politics: Views from the third Congress of the PPP
Authors: Mujani Saiful
Published: June 2014

This article suggests the political dynamics that occur at the time of the conference the Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP), which was held on 29 August to 2 September 1994.Many opinions that say that the congress of the United Development Party (PPP) that has its own strategic significance because the results will determine the 1997 election and then General Session, 1998. At this General Assembly will take place according to many in the national succession, including the change of state leaders, the president Republic of Indonesia. So many groups concerned with this third congress PPP: who is leading the party's control she would participate in such an important time of succession.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i3.853
Al-Islam wa al-Naṣrānīyah fī Indūnīsīyā
Authors: Rais M. Amien
Published: June 2014

Since Indonesia declared its sovereignty and its independence in 1945, relations between Christians and Muslims in this country has been characterized by cooperation, tension and competition. Until the 1960s the number of Muslims about 90 percent of the entire population, but in the early 1990s this figure dropped to 87.5 percent. Two and a half percent of the 185 million people is about 4.5 million, and of course the number is not small. Tension and often coloring competition relations between the two religions up to now, and keep in mind that the future Indonesia will depend largely on the direction and prospects between Christianity and Islam.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i1.842
Naẓarīyah “Martabat Tujuh” fī Niẓam al-Mamlakah al-Buṭunīyah
Authors: Yunus Abdurrahim
Published: June 2014

"Dignity Seven" is not unfamiliar to the people of Buton. Relics of the old manuscripts show that the teachings of tasawwuf sultanate is spread in sudan long Buton. At the very least, since the 17th century, when Sultan Dayanu Ihsanuddin reign, the theory of "the dignity of the seven" was becoming known. Even so, there is no written record of this period; The oldest manuscript only came from the mid-19th century, when the imperial power was at Sultan Muhammad Idrus Kaimuddin (1824-1851).DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i1.843
Mitos Politik Aliran dan Aspirasi Politik ICMI Modernis
Authors: Mujani Saiful
Published: June 2014

This article is a review of the writings of Adam Schwarz, titled Islam: Coming in from the Cold in his book, A Nation in Waiting, Indonesia in the 1990's. Adam Schwarz is a reporter Far Eastern Economic Review magazine published in Hong Kong. This book is the result of observations during which he served in Indonesia in the late 80s and early 90s, a period characterized much debate about Islam in Indonesia.Started writing this, Schwarz explained about the relationship Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) with the government. A few weeks after Gus Dur Tabligh Akbar held in Senayan East Parking Lot, he was "invited" Let. Colonel Prabowo, Suharto's son-president, to meet him. Reportedly, during the meeting, Prabowo warned that steps Gus Dur (with the Tabligh Akbar) has crossed the line. If he continues to play politics, said Prabowo, the first to be disturbed is president Suharto's re-election as president for the next term.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i1.847
Tanẓīm al-Taqālid al-‘Ilmīyah Islāmīyah fī Jāwah fī al-Qarn al-Tāsi‘ ‘Ashar wa Nufūḍuh Naḥw al-Taṭawwur al-Islāmī fī Indūnīsīyā
Authors: Nurhakim Nurhakim
Published: June 2014

Special study of the development of scientific tradition of Islam in Java in the 19th century has not been done yet this area is the center of religious institutions and traditional Islamic education. If in the early centuries of Islamic science centers has given rise to a number of 'scholars' and major works are in Pasai, Malacca then Aceh, the 19th century it has been shifted to the center of Java.This paper intends to describe about the formation, development and influence of the Islamic intellectual tradition that includes institutional elements such as mosques, actors such as students-chaplain, system, method, process of transmitting knowledge, books and software facilities used in the 19th century.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i4.822
Majlis al-‘Ulama’ al-Indūnīsī fī Munādalat al-Barnāmij al-Siyāsī
Authors: Suwito Suwito , Wahab Muhbib Abdul
Published: June 2014

The birth of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), among others, initiated by the New Order. Minister of Religion formed the Indonesian Islamic Propagation Center (WWII) in charge of organizing workshop preachers in Indonesia on 26-29 November 1974. Among the results of the workshop consensus is forming MUI.The initiative was in addition to the presence of concerned government organizations 'scholars' to accelerate the implementation of its discretion, as well as outside of Islam similar associations have been formed. General Assembly of the Indonesian Bishops (MAWI) for the Ummah Catholics had formed in 1924 and the Communion of Churches in Indonesia (PGI) for the Ummah Protestant founded in 1950.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i4.823
Reactions and Attitudes towards the Darul Arqam Movement in Southeast Asia
Authors: Meuleman J.H.
Published: June 2014

This article discusses the various reactions and attitudes towards Darul Arqam in Southeast Asia, especially in mid-1994, when Darl Arqam became the object of heated debate between institutions and leaders who support the crackdown on Darul Arqam and who reject the action throughout the region. Within this context, the authors analyze the different establishments of various governments, religious organizations, other agencies and the general population in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Singapore. The results of this analysis is not limited to the Darul Arqam issue alone, but showed various common traits of Islam in a number of regions and countries in Southeast Asia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v3i1.813
Mulāḥaẓah ‘Ammah ‘an al-Kutub al-Ṣafrā fī al-Ma‘āhid al-Dīnīyah
Authors: Mochtar Affandi
Published: June 2014

Islamic intellectual tradition in Indonesia, among others, enriched by literature dars (textbooks) that classical Arabic is still maintained boarding school until today. Literature known as the Kitab Kuning (KK) it marks an important phase that arises from contact archipelago-Middle East more intensive and institutionalized in the scientific world of Islam in Indonesia since the early 16th century until the late 18th century. Until now in the Islamic tradition, the books became major elements that distinguish it from the modern education system. He is transmitted from one generation to the next as if not to appreciate the development and changes in society. But the question; justified in boarding schools of Islamic scholarship so static? If not, why KK used as the main reference for generations? Is not Islam supposed al-Quran and al-Hadith which they referenced?DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v3i2.809
Al-Ṭaṣawwuf fī Indūnīsīyā: Dirāsah li Nuskhah al-Kitāb Maṭālib al-Sālikīn Ta’līf Yūsuf al-Makāsārī
Authors: Kami Awis
Published: June 2014

Muhammad Yusuf al-Makasari (1627-1699) was one of the Muslim thinkers Nusantara (Indonesian) who lived around the leading 17th century. The other two are Nuruddin ar-Raniri (d. 1658) and as-Singkili Abdurrauf (1615-1693) derived from the Sultanate of Aceh .Yusuf al-Makasari has devoted his life to the propagation of Islam. He has focused his attention on the study of various fields, especially with respect to kalam (theology), tasawwuf (Sufism), and the shari'ah (Islamic law) and write no less than 23 books in Arabic.Matalib al-Salikin (MS) is one of the interesting work of Yusuf al-Makasari. Arable field which he wrestled in this book is tasawwuf, with the main thesis of the separation between tawhid impossible (oneness of God) , ma'rifah (divine knowledge), and worship (Rite). He maintains the view that if someone lost one of the elements of the integral, then it has fallen on an idolatrous attitude.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v3i2.810
Трофічні зв’язки Pterostichus melanarius (coleoptera, carabidae) із домінантними видами безхребетних лісових екосистем степового Придніпров’я
Authors: Korolev О. V. , Brygadyrenko V. V.
Published: June 2014

Розглянуто особливості взаємозв’язків Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798) із представниками ґрунтово-підстилкової мезофауни. В умовах лісових екосистем степового Придніпров’я P. melanarius віддає перевагу зоофагам І порядку, які належать до розмірно-вагової категорії 8,0–31,9 мг, а також сапро- та фітофагам із вагою понад 128 мг. P. melanarius (Ill.) здатний перерозподіляти трофічне навантеження між кормовими об’єктами залежно від їх чисельності у конкретному біотопі. Для дослід­женого виду характерна надзвичайно широка трофічна ніша порівняно з іншими видами турунів, що є однією з основних причин високої чисельності P. melanarius (Ill.) у багатьох антропогенно трансформованих екосистемах.
Comparison of channel mobility and oxide properties of MOSFET devices on Si-face (0001) and A-face (11-20) 4H-SiC
Authors: Lichtenwalner Daniel J. , Cheng Lin , Allen Scott , Palmour John W. , Lelis Aivars , Scozzie Charles
Published: June 2014

In this report we present results comparing lateral MOSFET properties of devices fabricated on Si-face (0001) and A-face (11-20) 4H-SiC, with nitric oxide passivation anneals. We observe a field-effect mobility of 33 cm2/V.s on p-type 5×1015 doped Si-face. These devices have a peak field-effect mobility which increases with temperature, indicative of a channel mobility limited by coulomb scattering. On 1×1016 p-type A-face SiC, the peak channel mobility is observed to be 80 cm2/V.s, with a negative temperature dependence, indicating that phonon-scattering effects dominate, with a much lower density of shallow acceptor traps. This > 2x higher channel mobility would result in a substantial decrease in on-resistance, hence lower power losses, for 4H-SiC power MOSFETs with voltage ratings below 2 kV. However, MOS C-V and gate leakage measurements indicate very different oxide and interface quality on each SiC face. For example, the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) conduction-band (CB) barrier height for electron tunneling at the SiO2/SiC interface is 2.8 eV on Si-face SiC, while it is 2.5 eV or less on A-face SiC. For the valence-band side, the effective FN barrier height at the valence-band (VB) side of only 1.6 eV on A-face SiC, while the VB barrier height is about 3.1 eV on Si-face SiC. Moreover, C-V of the MOS gate on A-face indicates the presence of a high-density of deep hole traps. It is apparent that oxides on alternative crystal faces, very promising in terms of channel mobility, require further study for complete understanding and control of the interface properties.
Effect of M1a and M1b Category in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kennecke Hagen , Yu Jason , Gill Sharlene , Cheung Winson Y. , Blanke Charles D. , Speers Caroline , Woods Ryan
Published: June 2014

Background.

In 2009, the American Joint Committee on Cancer version 7 staging system introduced the M1 subclassifications M1a (single metastatic site) and M1b (peritoneal or multiple metastatic sites). The study objectives were to evaluate the prognostic effect of site of metastasis and M1a/b category among patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer and synchronous metastasis.

Patients and Methods.

Patients with newly diagnosed pathologic or clinical category M1 colorectal cancer referred to the British Columbia Cancer Agency between 1999 and 2007 were included. Demographic, tumor, treatment, and outcome data were prospectively collected, and prognostic factors were identified. Univariate Cox models were used to assess the prognostic impact of individual sites of metastasis and to determine the effect of M1a/b category on overall survival (OS).

Results.

Among 2,049 eligible patients, 70% had M1a and 30% M1b category disease. The most common sites of common single sites of metastasis included liver (56%), lung (5.3%), and peritoneum (3.6%). Metastasis to a single organ or site, including peritoneum, was associated with improved OS compared with multiple sites of metastasis. In multivariate analysis, M1b category conferred inferior survival and hazard ratio (HR) 1.38 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22, 1.55), along with age >70 and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 3–4. Resection of primary tumor was associated with improved survival, HR 0.46 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.52). Results were similar in subgroup analysis of patients undergoing resection of their primary tumor when histology, tumor, and node category were included.

Conclusion.

The results lend support to the introduction of M1a/b colorectal cancer categories. Consideration may be given to classifying patients with solitary peritoneal metastasis only as M1a rather than M1b category. Further refinement of category M1a to reflect resectability of metastasis at initial diagnosis may improve prognostication.
Adolescents and Young Adults With a “Rare” Cancer: Getting Past Semantics to Optimal Care for Patients With Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Stoneham Sara J. , Hale Juliet P. , Rodriguez-Galindo Carlos , Dang Ha , Olson Thomas , Murray Matthew , Amatruda James F. , Thornton Claire , Arul G. Suren , Billmire Deborah , Krailo Mark , Stark Dan , Covens Al , Hurteau Jean , Stenning Sally , Nicholson James C. , Gershenson David , Frazier A. Lindsay
Published: June 2014

Because the tumors of adolescence and young adulthood (AYA) are distinct from those that occur earlier and later in life, the most common tumors in this age group are termed “rare.” We offer a collaborative, cross-disciplinary, evidence-based approach, advocated and funded by civil society, to advance the field of germ cell tumor and potentially to apply to other rare AYA tumors.
Influence of sacrificial bonds on the mechanical behaviour of polymer chains
Authors: Nabavi S. Soran , Harrington Matthew J. , Fratzl Peter , Hartmann Markus A.
Published: June 2014

A growing focus in modern materials science is the attempt to transfer principles found in nature into new technological concepts with the goal of producing novel materials with tailored mechanical properties. One of these principles used in nature is the concept of sacrificial bonding (i.e. non-covalent cross-links that rupture prior to the protein backbone), which is associated with increased toughness in many biological materials. In the present work, the influence of the number and distribution of sacrificial bonds (SBs) on three main mechanical parameters—strength, work to fracture and apparent stiffness—is investigated in a simple model system using computer simulations. The results show that the work to fracture is mainly determined by the number of SBs present in the system, while the apparent stiffness and, to a lesser extent, the strength is altered when the distribution of SBs is changed.
Fluid Production Studies Using NMR and High-Frequency Dielectric Permittivity
Authors: Taherian R. , Valori A , AlZoukani A. , Ali F.
Published: June 2014

Fully water saturated plugs were centrifuged in air using small capillary pressure steps. At each pressure step the low frequency (2 MHz) NMR and high frequency dielectric permittivity were measured. The centrifugal pressure steps were incremented at 1 psi so as to determine the water saturation at fine scale.

These experiments are designed to replace water by air, which has no NMR signal. As a result NMR signal decreases as the centrifugal pressure increases. The NMR T2 distribution data show gradual depletion of free water from the pore space as the centrifugal pressure increases from zero to five psi. Above this pressure the rate of fluid production per pressure decreases suggesting the produced water is bound to the pore wall. A plot of water filled porosity vs centrifugal pressure shows at least two regimes. An initial fast production at low pressures has a larger slope compared with later slow production at higher pressures. Both smaller produced volume and higher pressures are consistent with the water being bound to the pore surface. The dielectric permittivity also shows a decrease in permittivity as the centrifugal pressure increases. This is because the dielectric permittivity is most sensitive to the water content as compared to air or solid matrix. The permittivity data plotted vs the centrifugal pressure also show at least two different slopes. The initial fast slope is attributed to the production of free water while the higher pressure slow slope is due to bound fluid.
Smart Completion Design for Managing Steam Injection in CSS Process
Authors: Suranto A. M. , Bae W. , Permadi A. K. , Dang Son T.
Published: June 2014

In conventional cyclic steam stimulation (CSS), steam is periodically injected at high pressure to the reservoir. After the steam injection period, the well is soaked for several days then it will be produced. Generally, for the first to the fifth cycle, the steam can effectively transfer the heat to the reservoir. After that, the CSOR will rise up indicating that the process is currently ineffective.

This paper aims to improve the CSS performance using modified well completion. The perforation is modified to become two parts, one part is on the top side (as injection) and the other part is on the bottom side (as production). In this process, after being injected, the steam will condense, resulting from heat loss, and it will move to lower part because of gravity drainage. Simultaneously, crude oil was produced through the production perforation. The opening-closing of the injection-production cycle is managed by interval control valve (ICV). To provide an overview of this phenomenon, a synthetic reservoir model was built based on Pertama-kedua formation, located in Sumatra Indonesia. Sensitive variables are length of the injection-production perforation and soaking time. Finally, the heat efficiency was evaluated during 8 years of project life.

Simulation results show that dividing the perforation into injection and production intervals will reduce CSOR 30% and this requires shorter soaking time compared to that of conventional processes. Furthermore, if the distance between injection and production interval is longer the production will be better. However, this gap is limited by reservoir thickness.
A Novel Non-damaging Approach to Isolate Open hole Lateral that Allowed Performing Mechanical Descaling in the Non-Monobore Cased Completion: A Case Study in Saudi Arabian Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Mukhliss A. E. , Ogundare T. M. , Dashash A. A. , Malik A. R. , Rivadeneira E. V. , Molero N.
Published: June 2014

Mechanical descaling of iron sulfide scales in high angle non-monobore or horizontal open hole completion offer multifaceted challenges, especially when the reservoir is depleted. The history of the descaling program in carbonate gas wells in Saudi Arabia dates back to 2007. The program suffered several setbacks with operational complexities like stuck pipe, H2S generation (souring) during chemical dissolution and severe induced damage during reservoir isolation process. The depleted reservoir needs to be isolated to ensure full circulation during mechanical descaling process. The mechanical means of isolation with a bridge plug is not feasible due to the presence of FeS scale in the wellbore. The only isolation option available at the moment is CaCO3 chips bullheaded from the surface. Often the post-descaling and stimulation operation does not restore the original production, due to the heavy damage induced in the reservoir during isolation.

This paper shares a successful descaling experience and best practices in a single lateral open hole well that was completed with 4-1/2-in tubing and 7-in liner, and had severe pressure depletion. A novel non-damaging visco-elastic surfactant based fluid was used to fill the open hole lateral and as base to support CaCO3 chips above it that prevented additional damage and allowed reservoir isolation for mechanical descaling, using high pressure coiled tubing and a jetting tool. A clean wellbore with no further induced damage made subsequent post-stimulation results very attractive. The paper also presents the production results of stimulation treatment performed after the descaling treatment.
Nanotechnology Applications To Minimize Geo-Mechanical Related Challenges While Drilling Intercalated Sediments, Western Desert, Egypt
Authors: El Sherbeny Wael , Al-Baddaly Hesham , Rahal Ayman , Said Mohamed , Hardman Douglas , Henry Todd
Published: June 2014

Nanotechnology has become the buzz word of the decade! The precise manipulation and control a matter at dimensions of (1 – 100) nanometers have revolutionized many industries including the oil and gas industry. Nanotechnology applications have pierced through different petroleum disciplines from exploration, reservoir, drilling, completion, production, processing and finally to refining.

Nanoparticles are the simplest form of the structures with sizes in the nm range. In principle, any collection of atoms bonded together with a structural radius of less than 100 nm can be considered a nanoparticle.

The Tiny nature of nanoparticles results in some useful characteristics, such as an increased surface area to which other materials can bond in ways that make for stronger or more lightweight materials. At the nanoscale; size does matter when it comes to how molecules react to and bond with each other.

The filter cake developed during nanoparticles-based drilling fluid filtration is very thin, which implies high potential for reducing the differential pressure sticking problem and formation damage while drilling.

While drilling shales formations with nanodarcy (nD) permeability, Nanoparticles can be added to the drilling fluids to minimize shale permeability through physically plugging the nanosized pores and suppress the pressure transmission, hence Nanotechnology can provide a potential solution for environmentally sensitive areas where oil-based mud (OBM) historically used as a solution to stabilize shales.

Geotechnical challenges normally increase with increasing well inclination due to the highly faulted nature of many of the formations. Pressures and temperatures are typically not excessive but the complex interlayering of shales, sandstones siltstones and limestones results in multiple problems associated with borehole instability.

The Paper will reveal all lab work and field procedures for new Nanotechnology additive for wells that have an intercalated lithologies and tight reservoirs. Also paper will reveal the effectiveness of the nanotechnology additives to stabilize hole geometry that is demonstrated by comparison pre-nanotechnology wells and post-nanotechnology wells
Characterization of Next-Generation Heavy Oil of Tar Mats in Carbonate Reservoirs and Understanding Its Role in Reserve Estimation and Oil Recovery Economics
Authors: Almansour Abdullah , Al-Bazzaz Waleed , Saraswathy Geetha , Almohsin Ayman , Bai Baojun
Published: June 2014

The study presented here examined a Kuwaiti reservoir that is classified as a next-generation extreme heavy oil tar-mat reservoir. Successful pyrolysis experiments were performed on carbonate rock containing 33.51% total organic content (TOC). Comparable toluene solvent, water extraction, and surfactant solution extraction had successful but different hydrocarbon recovery yields under different temperature settings. The tar-mat flow was extremely viscous, with a measured "API density close to 1.34 and calculated flow mobility close to zero.

Depending on the type of extracting agent applied, increasing the temperature cracked the extreme heavy oil tar-mat available in the carbonate rock, hence improving the extremely viscous nature of the solid residue and causing it to be mobile so that it could flow and be recovered. Four carbon-density flow regimes were identified in this extreme heavy oil tar-mat composition mix, including the free hydrocarbon type I composition (C1–C15), the light hydrocarbon type II composition (C15–C40), the heavy hydrocarbon type III composition (>C40), and the insoluble carbon-residue type IV material (NSO). Each flow regime exhibited a unique recovery potential within the extremely viscous composition mix.

A detailed characterization of this tar-mat sample confirmed that the release of trapped type I, type II, and type III compositions from the carbonate pore space was possible, while type IV residue remained resistant to flow, and hydrocarbon retention on the rock was difficult to overcome with the suggested recovery treatments.
Method for outlier detection: a tool to assess the consistency between laboratory data and ultraviolet–visible absorbance spectra in wastewater samples
Authors: Zamora D. , Torres A.
Published: June 2014

Reliable estimations of the evolution of water quality parameters by using in situ technologies make it possible to follow the operation of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), as well as improving the understanding and control of the operation, especially in the detection of disturbances. However, ultraviolet (UV)–Vis sensors have to be calibrated by means of a local fingerprint laboratory reference concentration-value data-set. The detection of outliers in these data-sets is therefore important. This paper presents a method for detecting outliers in UV–Vis absorbances coupled to water quality reference laboratory concentrations for samples used for calibration purposes. Application to samples from the influent of the San Fernando WWTP (Medellín, Colombia) is shown. After the removal of outliers, improvements in the predictability of the influent concentrations using absorbance spectra were found.
Monitoring intracellular polyphosphate accumulation in enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems by quantitative image analysis
Authors: Mesquita Daniela P. , Amaral A. Luís , Leal Cristiano , Carvalheira Mónica , Cunha Jorge R. , Oehmen Adrian , Reis Maria A. M. , Ferreira Eugénio C.
Published: June 2014

A rapid methodology for intracellular storage polyphosphate (poly-P) identification and monitoring in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems is proposed based on quantitative image analysis (QIA). In EBPR systems, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) is usually combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization to evaluate the microbial community. The proposed monitoring technique is based on a QIA procedure specifically developed for determining poly-P inclusions within a biomass suspension using solely DAPI by epifluorescence microscopy. Due to contradictory literature regarding DAPI concentrations used for poly-P detection, the present work assessed the optimal DAPI concentration for samples acquired at the end of the EBPR aerobic stage when the accumulation occurred. Digital images were then acquired and processed by means of image processing and analysis. A correlation was found between average poly-P intensity values and the analytical determination. The proposed methodology can be seen as a promising alternative procedure for quantifying intracellular poly-P accumulation in a faster and less labour-intensive way.
Dynamic one-dimensional modeling of secondary settling tanks and system robustness evaluation
Authors: Li Ben , Stenstrom M. K.
Published: June 2014

One-dimensional secondary settling tank models are widely used in current engineering practice for design and optimization, and usually can be expressed as a nonlinear hyperbolic or nonlinear strongly degenerate parabolic partial differential equation (PDE). Reliable numerical methods are needed to produce approximate solutions that converge to the exact analytical solutions. In this study, we introduced a reliable numerical technique, the Yee–Roe–Davis (YRD) method as the governing PDE solver, and compared its reliability with the prevalent Stenstrom–Vitasovic–Takács (SVT) method by assessing their simulation results at various operating conditions. The YRD method also produced a similar solution to the previously developed Method G and Enquist–Osher method. The YRD and SVT methods were also used for a time-to-failure evaluation, and the results show that the choice of numerical method can greatly impact the solution. Reliable numerical methods, such as the YRD method, are strongly recommended.
Issues concerning spectral analysis of water samples for monitoring and treatment of public water resources
Authors: Lee M. , Lambrakos S. G. , Yapijakis C. , Huang L. , Ramsey S. , Shabaev A. , Massa L. , Peak J.
Published: June 2014

Experimental measurements conducted in the laboratory, involving hyperspectral analysis of water samples taken from public water resources, have motivated a re-evaluation of issues concerning the potential application of this type of analysis for water monitoring, treatment and evaluation prior to filtration. One issue concerns hyperspectral monitoring of contaminants with respect to types and relative concentrations. This implies a need to better understand the statistical profiles of water contaminants in terms of spatial-temporal distributions of electromagnetic absorption spectra ranging from the ultraviolet to infrared, which are associated with specific water resources. This issue also implies the need to establish correlations between hyperspectral signatures and types of contaminants to be found within specific water resources. Another issue concerns the use of absorption spectra to determine changes in chemical and physical characteristics of contaminants after application of water treatments, in order to determine levels of toxicity with respect to the environment. This paper presents a prototype spectral analysis showing various aspects relevant to water monitoring and discusses the use of basic theory for the interpretation of spectral features associated with water contaminants, as well as discussing inverse analysis of hyperspectral measurements.
How “political” is Quong’s political liberalism?
Authors: Zoffoli Enrico
Published: June 2014

In this short paper I ask to what extent the sharp contrast between the
political and the comprehensive, on which political liberals such as Rawls
and Quong place primary emphasis, caters to a truly ?political? conception of
liberalism. I argue that Quong?s own take on this point is more distinctively
?political? than Rawls?s, in that it assigns far less weight to citizens?
comprehensive doctrines. Indeed, I suggest that Quong?s exclusion of
comprehensive doctrines (exemplified by his worries about an ?overlapping
consensus?) has more radical implications than Quong himself seems to think.
In doing so, I offer a streamlined version of Quong?s critique, which
encompasses two more or less direct criticisms of Rawls?s doctrine of the
overlapping consensus. I will call them the ?sincerity objection? and the
?liberal objection?.
Liberalism without perfection: Replies to Lister, Kulenovic, Zoffoli, Zelic, and Baccarini
Authors: Quong Jonathan
Published: June 2014

I would like to begin by thanking all the contributors to this symposium,
especially Elvio Baccarini, who hosted the conference at the University of
Rijeka where several of the papers in this symposium were initially
presented. I?ve learned a great deal from these essays, and I?m very
fortunate for my work to be the subject of such careful and perceptive
philosophical attention. Below I offer some replies to each contributor,
though I do not address all the important points raised in each paper.
The sexual and ontology
Authors: Zupancic Alenka
Published: June 2014

This paper explores some of the crucial ontological implications of the
psychoanalytic theory of sexuality in its Freudo-Lacanian orientation. As
irreducible to different sexual practices and contents, the concept of
sexuality obtains conceptual weight that makes it particularly relevant for
philosophical ontological thinking. Starting from the hypothesis that
something about sexuality is constitutively unconscious - that is to say,
existing only in the form of the unconscious - the paper points at the
singular short-circuit of the epistemological and ontological level which is
at work in psychoanalytic theory, and which cannot be neglected in
philosophical examination of the relation between knowledge and being.
Political theology: Possibility of comparison of the usage of death in theology and politics
Authors: Kuljic Todor
Published: June 2014

This paper considers the epistemological value of the concept of political
theology in thanatopolitics. The concept can be useful if one wants to
interpret political usage of death. In addition to blurred boundaries between
politics and theology, there is a more general and deeper socially
integrative affinity between the two. In addition, there have been various
politicizations of salvation in the past and in the present. Every political
theology accentuates obedience as an immanent condition of salvation,
although interpretation of death in political theology has a different
function than in secular ideologies. In the centre of politically theological
ideas one can find crosscutting of the divisions between public friend and
public enemy from political world with similar divisions from religious
world. Finally, beside the theological influence on politics, this paper
considers some analogies between theology and the secular judiciary.
Fibre and polyphenols of selected fruits, nuts and green leafy vegetables used in Serbian diet
Authors: Dodevska Margarita , Sobajic Sladjana , Djordjevic Brizita
Published: June 2014

Fruits and vegetables are known as good sources of numerous bioactive
compounds among which polyphenols and dietary fibre are considered essential
because of their protective health effects. The aim of this study was to
characterize the quality of selected plant foods of our region regarding
amount of total phenols, fibres and ratio of certain fractions of fibre.
Fifteen samples of plant foods (green leafy vegetables, fruits and nuts) were
evaluated for total antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total,
soluble and insoluble fibre and fractions of fibre: beta-glucans,
arabinoxylan, cellulose and resistant starch. Generally nuts were the richest
sources of fibre and total phenols. However, when serving size was taken into
consideration, it appeared that raspberry and blackberry were the richest in
total, soluble fibre and cellulose. At the same time, almonds and hazelnuts
were particulary rich in insoluble fibre, while walnuts had the highest
polyphenol content. Analyzed plant foods were poor sources of arabinoxylan
and beta-glucan. Data on resistant starch presence in cashew nut is the first
confirmation that resistant starch can be found in significant amount in some
nuts. The results give rare insight into the quality of selected plant foods
regarding dietary fibre and polyphenols from the nutritive point of view.
Resection or radiofrequency ablation of colorectal liver metastasis
Authors: Jasarovic Damir , Stojanovic Dragos , Mitrovic Nebojsa , Stevanovic Dejan
Published: June 2014

Background/Aim. Liver resection is the treatment of choice for solitary
colorectal liver metastases in suitable candidates. Recently, radiofrequency
ablation (RFA) has become a very popular procedure in the treatment of liver
metastases. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes in patients with
solitary colorectal liver metastasis who had been subjected to resection or
ablation. Methods. In this retrospective study we analyzed and compared
patients with solitary colorectal liver metastases treated by resection or
ablation in the University Hospital Centre ?Dr Dragisa Misovic? in Belgrade
from January 2002 until December 2009. Results. In this study 94 (67.1%)
patients underwent resection whereas 46 (32.9%) patients underwent RFA. Most
of the resected patients (59.6%) required major hepatectomy. The median
follow-up time was 28.4 months. Tumor ablation was a significant predictor of
the overall survival (p = 0.002; OR 3.75; 95% CI 1.696-8.284). Our study
demonstrated longer disease free-survival in the group of resected patients
compared to the RFA group (37.6 vs 22.3 months, p = 0.073). The median
overall survival was 56.3 months for patients who underwent resection vs 25.1
months for those in the RFA group (p = 0.005). Conclusion. This study shows
that the patients with solitary hepatic colorectal cancer metastases should
be considered for hepatic resection whenever it is feasible, because this
procedure provides superior long-term survival as compared to radiofrequency
ablation.
Terms of clinical research consent’s validity
Authors: Zivojinovic Dragica , Planojevic Nina , Banovic Bozidar
Published: June 2014

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