bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The organellar genomes of Silvetia siliquosa (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) and comparative analyses of the brown algae
Authors: Liang Yanshuo , Choi Han-Gil , Zhang Shuangshuang , Hu Zi-Min , Duan Delin
Published: June 2022

The brown alga Silvetia siliquosa (Tseng et Chang) Serrão, Cho, Boo & Brawly is endemic to the Yellow-Bohai Sea and southwestern Korea. It is increasingly endangered due to habitat loss and excessive collection. Here, we sequenced the mitochondrial (mt) and chloroplast (cp) genomes of S. siliquosa. De novo assembly showed that the mt-genome was 36,036 bp in length, including 38 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 26 tRNAs, and 3 rRNAs, and the cp-genome was 124,991 bp in length, containing 139 PCGs, 28 tRNAs, and 6 rRNAs. Gene composition, gene number, and gene order of the mt-genome and cp-genome were very similar to those of other species in Fucales. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close genetic relationship between S. siliquosa and F. vesiculosus, which diverged approximately 8 Mya (5.7–11.0 Mya), corresponding to the Late Miocene (5.3–11.6 Ma). The synonymous substitution rate of mitochondrial genes of phaeophycean species was 1.4 times higher than that of chloroplast genes, but the cp-genomes were more structurally variable than the mt-genomes, with numerous gene losses and rearrangements among the different orders in Phaeophyceae. This study reports the mt- and cp-genomes of the endangered S. siliquosa and improves our understanding of its phylogenetic position in Phaeophyceae and of organellar genomic evolution in brown algae.
Predicting the potential distribution of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo-an important medicinal orchid in the West Himalaya, under multiple climate change scenarios
Authors: Singh Laxman , Kanwar Nidhi , Bhatt Indra D. , Nandi Shyamal K. , Bisht Anil K.
Published: June 2022

Climate variability coupled with anthropogenic pressures is the most critical driver in the Himalayan region for forest ecosystem vulnerability. Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo is an important yet highly threatened medicinal orchid from the Himalayan region. Poor regenerative power and growing demand have resulted in the steep decline of its natural habitats populations. The present study aims to identify the habitat suitability of D. hatagirea in the Western Himalaya using the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt). The community climate system model (CCSM ver. 4) based on representative concentration pathways (RCPs) was used to determine suitable future areas. Sixteen least correlated (< 0.8) bioclimatic, topographical and geomorphic variables were used to construct the species climatic niche. The dominant contributing variables were elevation (34.85%) followed by precipitation of the coldest quarter (23.04%), soil type (8.77%), land use land cover (8.26%), mean annual temperature (5.51%), and temperature seasonality (5.11%). Compared to the present distribution, habitat suitability under future projection, i.e., RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 (2050 and 2070), was found to shift to higher elevation towards the northwest direction, while lower altitudes will invariably be less suitable. Further, as compared to the current distribution, the climatic niche space of the species is expected to expand in between11.41–22.13% in the near future. High habitats suitability areas are mainly concentrated in the forest range like Dharchula and Munsyari range, Pindar valley, Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, West of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, and Uttarkashi forest division. The present study delineated the fundamental niche baseline map of D. hatagirea in the Western Himalayas and highlighted regions/areas where conservation and management strategies should be intensified in the next 50 years. In addition, as the species is commercially exploited illegally, the information gathered is essential for conservationists and planners who protect the species at the regional levels.
Bipyridines mediate electron transfer from an electrode to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Authors: Wayama Fumiya , Hatsugai Noriyuki , Okumura Yasuaki
Published: June 2022

Biocatalysts are widely used in industry, but few examples of the use of oxidoreductases, in which enzymatic function often requires electrons, have been reported. NADPH is a cofactor that supplies an electron to oxidoreductases, but is consequently inactivated and no longer able to act as an electron donor. NADP+ can not receive electrons from electrodes through straightforward electrochemistry owing to its complicated three-dimensional structure. This study reports that bipyridines effectively mediate electron transfer between an electrode and NADP+, allowing them to serve as electron mediators for NADPH production. Using bipyridines, quinones, and anilines, which have negative oxidation–reduction potentials, an electrochemical investigation was conducted into whether electrons were transferred to NADP+. Only bipyridines with a reduction potential near -1.0 V exhibited electron transfer. Furthermore, the NADPH production level was measured using spectroscopy. NADPH was efficiently produced using bipyridines, such as methyl viologen and ethyl viologen, in which the bipyridyl 1- and 1’-positions bear small substituents. However, methyl viologen caused a dehydrogenation reaction of NADPH, making it unsuitable as an electron mediator for NADPH production. The dehydrogenation reaction did not occur using ethyl viologen. These results indicated that NADP+ can be reduced more effectively using substituents that prevent a dehydrogenation reaction at the bipyridyl 1- and 1’-positions while maintaining the reducing power.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pozelimab alone or in combination with cemdisiran in non-human primates
Authors: Devalaraja-Narashimha Kishor , Huang Cong , Cao Marc , Chen Ya Ping , Borodovsky Anna , Olson William C. , Morton Lori G. , Retter Marc W.
Published: June 2022

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare disease caused by uncontrolled complement activation; effective and approved treatments include terminal complement inhibition. This study assessed whether combination cemdisiran (an investigational N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated RNAi therapeutic that suppresses liver production of complement component C5) and pozelimab (an investigational fully human monoclonal antibody against C5) results in more effective and durable complement activity inhibition than the individual agents alone in non-human primates. Cynomolgus monkeys received a single subcutaneous injection of cemdisiran (5 or 25 mg/kg), pozelimab (5 or 10 mg/kg), or combination cemdisiran and pozelimab (5+5 mg/kg, 5+10 mg/kg, or 25+10 mg/kg, respectively). When given in combination, pozelimab was administered 2 weeks after cemdisiran dosing. Pharmacokinetics and ex vivo pharmacodynamic properties were assessed. The half-life of pozelimab alone was 12.9–13.3 days; this increased to 19.6–21.1 days for pozelimab administered in combination with cemdisiran. In ex vivo classical pathway hemolysis assays (CH50), pozelimab + cemdisiran combinations achieved durable and more complete suppression of complement activity (8–13 weeks) vs monotherapy of either agent. Cemdisiran monotherapy demonstrated dose-dependent suppression of total C5 concentrations, with the higher dose (25 mg/kg) achieving >90% maximum suppression. Total C5 concentrations after administration of pozelimab + cemdisiran combinations were similar compared with administration of cemdisiran alone. The combination of pozelimab + cemdisiran mediates complement activity inhibition more efficiently than either pozelimab or cemdisiran administered alone. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile of combination pozelimab + cemdisiran in non-human primates appears suitable for further clinical investigation as a potential long-acting treatment for PNH and other complement-mediated diseases.
An umbrella review on the use of antipsychotics in anxiety disorders: A registered report protocol
Authors: Garakani Amir , Freire Rafael C. , Buono Frank D. , Thom Robyn P. , Larkin Kaitlyn , Funaro Melissa C. , Salehi Mona , Perez-Rodriguez Mercedes M.
Published: June 2022

Anxiety disorders, including panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), agoraphobia, and specific phobia, are among the most common psychiatric disorders. Although the traditional pharmacologic treatments for anxiety included barbiturates and then benzodiazepines, the introduction of tricyclic antidepressants, followed by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), marked a tidal shift in the treatment of anxiety. Although not approved for treatment of anxiety disorders (with the exception of trifluoperazine) there is ongoing off-label, unapproved use of both first-generation “typical” antipsychotics (FGAs) and second-generation or “atypical” antipsychotics (SGAs) for anxiety. Although there have been systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the use of antipsychotics in anxiety disorders, most of these reviews focused on SGAs, primarily the use of quetiapine in GAD. Given that there is little known about the potential benefits and short-and long-term risks of using antipsychotics in anxiety, there is a need for an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the use of both FGAs and SGAs in anxiety disorders. The specific aims of this study are as follows: (1) Evaluate the evidence of efficacy of FGAs and SGAs in anxiety disorders as an adjunctive treatment to SSRIs, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and other non-antipsychotic medications; (2) Compare monotherapy with antipsychotics to first-line treatments for anxiety disorders in terms of effectiveness, risks, and side effects; and (3) Evaluate the short- and long-term risks and side effects of prescribing antipsychotics in anxiety disorders. The review is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021237436). Since data extraction has not begun, there is not preliminary data to share.
Division of labor, specialization and diversity in the ancient Roman cities: A quantitative approach to Latin epigraphy
Authors: Kaše Vojtěch , Heřmánková Petra , Sobotková Adéla
Published: June 2022

Recent empirical studies on the division of labor in modern cities indicate a complex web of relationships between sectoral specialization of cities and their productivity on one hand and sectoral diversification and resilience on the other. Emerging scholarly consensus suggests that ancient urbanism has more in common with modern urban development than previously thought. We explore whether modern trends in urban division of labor apply to the cities of the Western Roman Empire from the first century BCE to the fourth century CE. We analyze occupational data extracted from a large body of Latin epigraphic evidence by computer-assisted text-mining, subsequently mapped onto a dataset of ancient Roman cities. We detect a higher frequency of occupation terms on inscriptions from cities led by Rome than from rural areas and identify an accumulation of tertiary sector occupations in large cities. The temporal dimension of epigraphic data allows us to study aspects of the division of labor diachronically and to detect trends in the data in a four centuries-long period of Roman imperial history. Our analyses reveal an overall decrease in the frequency of occupational terms between the first half and second half of the third century CE; the maximum frequency of occupational terms shifts over time from large cities to medium and small towns, and finally, rural areas. Our results regarding the specialization and diversity of cities and their respective impact on productivity and resilience remain inconclusive, possibly as a result of the socio-economic bias of Latin inscriptions and insufficient representativeness of the data. Yet, we believe that our formalized approach to the research problem opens up new avenues for research, both in respect to the economic history of the Roman Empire and to the current trends in the science of cities.
Ability and accuracy of the smartphone-based O`VIEW-M® sperm test: Useful tool in the era of Covid-19
Authors: Kim Kyu Shik , Kim Ji Hoon , Roh Ji Hyoung , Kim Daegwan , Kim Hyang Mi , Jo Jung Ki
Published: June 2022

Male infertility affects up to 12% of men. Although manual testing using microscope examination and computer-assisted semen analysis are standard methods of measuring sperm count and motility, these methods are limited by being laboratory based. To investigate the usefulness of a novel semen analysis device using a smartphone camera. This prospective multicenter randomized parallel design trial enrolled 200 men aged ≥19 years of age between August and December 2018. Each subject was advised to use the Smart Sperm Test for OVIEW-M at home after 5 days of abstinence. The accuracy of the OVIEW-M test relative to the in-hospital test was determined. A questionnaire was administered to assess subject likelihood of using the OVIEW-M. Measurements using standard methods and the OVIEW-M showed similar sperm counts and similar motile sperm counts. Correlation analysis showed significant correlations between sperm count and sperm motility when measured by OVIEW-M tests (r = 0.893, p < 0.01) and standard microscope examination (r = 0.883, p < 0.01). Of the subjects who responded to questionnaires, 43% regarded the results of the OVIEW-M tests as reliable and 18% as unreliable. Semen analysis with the smartphone-based application and accessories yielded results not inferior to those of laboratory tests. Men who visit the hospital for evaluation of infertility can easily perform OVIEW-M semen tests at home.
mTOR inhibition as a novel gene therapeutic strategy for diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Lee Steven Hyun Seung , Lee Joo Yong , Choi Jun-Sub , Kim Hee Jong , Kim Jin , Cha Seho , Lee Kyoung Jin , Woo Ha-Na , Park Keerang , Lee Heuiran
Published: June 2022

In addition to laser photocoagulation, therapeutic interventions for diabetic retinopathy (DR) have heretofore consisted of anti-VEGF drugs, which, besides drawbacks inherent to the treatments themselves, are limited in scope and may not fully address the condition’s complex pathophysiology. This is because DR is a multifactorial condition, meaning a gene therapy focused on a target with broader effects, such as the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), may prove to be the solution in overcoming these concerns. Having previously demonstrated the potential of a mTOR-inhibiting shRNA packaged in a recombinant adeno-associated virus to address a variety of angiogenic retinal diseases, here we explore the effects of rAAV2-shmTOR-SD in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model. Delivered via intravitreal injection, the therapeutic efficacy of the virus vector upon early DR processes was examined. rAAV2-shmTOR-SD effectively transduced mouse retinas and therein downregulated mTOR expression, which was elevated in sham-treated and control shRNA-injected (rAAV2-shCon-SD) control groups. mTOR inhibition additionally led to marked reductions in pericyte loss, acellular capillary formation, vascular permeability, and retinal cell layer thinning, processes that contribute to DR progression. Immunohistochemistry showed that rAAV2-shmTOR-SD decreased ganglion cell loss and pathogenic Müller cell activation and proliferation, while also having anti-apoptotic activity, with these effects suggesting the therapeutic virus vector may be neuroprotective. Taken together, these results build upon our previous work to demonstrate the broad ability of rAAV2-shmTOR-SD to address aspects of DR pathophysiology further evidencing its potential as a human gene therapeutic strategy for DR.
PIF-independent regulation of growth by an evening complex in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Lagercrantz Ulf , Billhardt Anja , Rousku Sabine N. , Landberg Katarina , Thelander Mattias , Eklund D. Magnus
Published: June 2022

Previous studies in the liverwortMarchantia polymorphahave shown that the putative evening complex (EC) genesLUX ARRHYTHMO(LUX) andELF4-LIKE(EFL) have a function in the liverwort circadian clock. Here, we studied the growth phenotypes of MpLUXand MpEFLloss-of-function mutants, to establish ifPHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR(PIF) and auxin act downstream of theM.polymorphaEC in a growth-related pathway similar to the one described for the flowering plant Arabidopsis. We examined growth rates and cell properties of loss-of-function mutants, analyzed protein-protein interactions and performed gene expression studies using reporter genes. Obtained data indicate that an EC can form inM.polymorphaand that this EC regulates growth of the thallus. Altered auxin levels in Mpluxmutants could explain some of the phenotypes related to an increased thallus surface area. However, because MpPIFis not regulated by the EC, and because Mppifmutants do not show reduced growth, the growth phenotype of EC-mutants is likely not mediated via MpPIF. In Arabidopsis, the circadian clock regulates elongation growth viaPIFand auxin, but this is likely not an evolutionarily conserved growth mechanism in land plants. Previous inventories of orthologs to Arabidopsis clock genes in various plant lineages showed that there is high levels of structural differences between clocks of different plant lineages. Here, we conclude that there is also variation in the output pathways used by the different plant clocks to control growth and development.
Fairness in the use of limited resources during a pandemic
Authors: Schosser Josef
Published: June 2022

Capacity limitations are indispensable measures of social distancing in fighting COVID-19 and other pandemics. The paper at hand analyzes these restrictions from the viewpoint of fairness, understood as the possibility of equal access to the scarce resource. To this end, it employs the so-called El Farol Bar problem in conjunction with an adaptive learning approach. Particular emphasis is given to the distribution of information. Our results show that information is, indeed, central to the situation. Policy recommendations are derived.
Clinical evaluation of the Diagnostic Analyzer for Selective Hybridization (DASH): A point-of-care PCR test for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Achenbach Chad J. , Caputo Matthew , Hawkins Claudia , Balmert Lauren C. , Qi Chao , Odorisio Joseph , Dembele Etienne , Jackson Alema , Abbas Hiba , Frediani Jennifer K. , Levy Joshua M. , Rebolledo Paulina A. , Kempker Russell R. , Esper Annette M. , Lam Wilbur A. , Martin Greg S. , Murphy Robert L.
Published: June 2022

Background

An ideal test for COVID-19 would combine the sensitivity of laboratory-based PCR with the speed and ease of use of point-of-care (POC) or home-based rapid antigen testing. We evaluated clinical performance of the Diagnostic Analyzer for Selective Hybridization (DASH) SARS-CoV-2 POC rapid PCR test.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of adults with and without symptoms of COVID-19 at four clinical sites where we collected two bilateral anterior nasal swabs and information on COVID-19 symptoms, vaccination, and exposure. One swab was tested with the DASH SARS-CoV-2 POC PCR and the second in a central laboratory using Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 PCR. We assessed test concordance and calculated sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values using Xpert as the “gold standard”.

Results

We enrolled 315 and analyzed 313 participants with median age 42 years; 65% were female, 62% symptomatic, 75% had received ≥2 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, and 16% currently SARS-CoV-2 positive. There were concordant results for 307 tests indicating an overall agreement for DASH of 0.98 [95% CI 0.96, 0.99] compared to Xpert. DASH performed at 0.96 [95% CI 0.86, 1.00] sensitivity and 0.98 [95% CI 0.96, 1.00] specificity, with a positive predictive value of 0.85 [95% CI 0.73, 0.96] and negative predictive value of 0.996 [95% CI 0.99, 1.00]. The six discordant tests between DASH and Xpert all had high Ct values (>30) on the respective positive assay. DASH and Xpert Ct values were highly correlated (R = 0.89 [95% CI 0.81, 0.94]).

Conclusions

DASH POC SARS-CoV-2 PCR was accurate, easy to use, and provided fast results (approximately 15 minutes) in real-life clinical settings with an overall performance similar to an EUA-approved laboratory-based PCR.
The flipped classroom is effective for medical students to improve deep tendon reflex examination skills: A mixed-method study
Authors: Uchida Shun , Shikino Kiyoshi , Ishizuka Kosuke , Yamauchi Yosuke , Yanagita Yasutaka , Yokokawa Daiki , Tsukamoto Tomoko , Noda Kazutaka , Uehara Takanori , Ikusaka Masatomi
Published: June 2022

Deep tendon reflexes (DTR) are a prerequisite skill in clinical clerkships. However, many medical students are not confident in their technique and need to be effectively trained. We evaluated the effectiveness of a flipped classroom for teaching DTR skills. We recruited 83 fifth-year medical students who participated in a clinical clerkship at the Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, from November 2018 to July 2019. They were allocated to the flipped classroom technique (intervention group, n = 39) or the traditional technique instruction group (control group, n = 44). Before procedural teaching, while the intervention group learned about DTR by e-learning, the control group did so face-to-face. A 5-point Likert scale was used to evaluate self-confidence in DTR examination before and after the procedural teaching (1 = no confidence, 5 = confidence). We evaluated the mastery of techniques after procedural teaching using the Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS). Unpaired t-test was used to analyze the difference between the two groups on the 5-point Likert scale and DOPS. We assessed self-confidence in DTR examination before and after procedural teaching using a free description questionnaire in the two groups. Additionally, in the intervention group, focus group interviews (FGI) (7 groups, n = 39) were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the flipped classroom after procedural teaching. Pre-test self-confidence in the DTR examination was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (2.8 vs. 2.3, P = 0.005). Post-test self-confidence in the DTR examination was not significantly different between the two groups (3.9 vs. 4.1, P = 0.31), and so was mastery (4.3 vs. 4.1, P = 0.68). The questionnaires before the procedural teaching revealed themes common to the two groups, including “lack of knowledge” and “lack of self-confidence.” Themes about prior learning, including “acquisition of knowledge” and “promoting understanding,” were specific in the intervention group. The FGI revealed themes including “application of knowledge,” “improvement in DTR technique,” and “increased self-confidence.” Based on these results, teaching DTR skills to medical students in flipped classrooms improves readiness for learning and increases self-confidence in performing the procedure at a point before procedural teaching.
Synthesis of encapsulated ZnO nanowires provide low impedance alternatives for microelectrodes
Authors: Maddah Mohsen , Unsworth Charles P. , Gouws Gideon J. , Plank Natalie O. V.
Published: June 2022

Microelectrodes are commonly used in electrochemical analysis and biological sensing applications owing to their miniaturised dimensions. It is often desirable to improve the performance of microelectrodes by reducing their electrochemical impedance for increasing the signal-to-noise of the recorded signals. One successful route is to incorporate nanomaterials directly onto microelectrodes; however, it is essential that these fabrication routes are simple and repeatable. In this article, we demonstrate how to synthesise metal encapsulated ZnO nanowires (Cr/Au-ZnO NWs, Ti-ZnO NWs and Pt-ZnO NWs) to reduce the impedance of the microelectrodes. Electrochemical impedance modelling and characterisation of Cr/Au-ZnO NWs, Ti-ZnO NWs and Pt-ZnO NWs are carried out in conjunction with controls of planar Cr/Au and pristine ZnO NWs. It was found that the ZnO NW microelectrodes that were encapsulated with a 10 nm thin layer of Ti or Pt demonstrated the lowest electrochemical impedance of 400 ± 25 kΩ at 1 kHz. The Ti and Pt encapsulated ZnO NWs have the potential to offer an alternative microelectrode modality that could be attractive to electrochemical and biological sensing applications.
Death and invasive mechanical ventilation risk in hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and/or antiviral agents: A systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Saha Sumanta
Published: June 2022

Background

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has claimed >4 million lives globally, and these deaths often occurred in hospitalized patients with comorbidities. Therefore, the proposed review aims to distinguish the inpatient mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation risk in COVID-19 patients treated with the anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and/or the antiviral agents.

Methods

A search in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus will ensue for the publications on randomized controlled trials testing the above, irrespective of the publication date or geographic boundary. Risk of bias assessment of the studies included in the review will occur using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Frequentist method network meta-analyses (NMA) will compare each outcome’s risk across both types of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents in one model and each in separate models. Additional NMA models will compare these in COVID-19 patients who were severely or critically ill, immunocompromised, admitted to the intensive care unit, diagnosed by nucleic acid amplification test, not treated with steroids, <18 years old, and at risk of infection due to variants of concern. The plan of excluding non-hospitalized patients from the proposed review is to minimize intransitivity risk. The acceptance of the network consistency assumption will transpire if the local and overall inconsistency assessment indicates no inconsistency. For each NMA model, the effect sizes (risk ratio) and their 95% confidence intervals will get reported in league tables. The best intervention prediction and quality of evidence grading will happen using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve values and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation-based Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis approach, respectively. Sensitivity analysis will repeat the preliminary NMA while excluding the trials at high risk of bias. The Stata statistical software (v16) will be used for analysis. The statistical significance will get determined at p<0.05 and 95% confidence interval.

Trial registration

PROSPERO Registration No: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021277663.
p166 links membrane and intramitochondrial modules of the trypanosomal tripartite attachment complex
Authors: Schimanski Bernd , Aeschlimann Salome , Stettler Philip , Käser Sandro , Gomez-Fabra Gala Maria , Bender Julian , Warscheid Bettina , Vögtle F.-Nora , Schneider André
Published: June 2022

The protist parasite Trypanosoma brucei has a single mitochondrion with a single unit genome termed kinetoplast DNA (kDNA). Faithfull segregation of replicated kDNA is ensured by a complicated structure termed tripartite attachment complex (TAC). The TAC physically links the basal body of the flagellum with the kDNA spanning the two mitochondrial membranes. Here, we characterized p166 as the only known TAC subunit that is anchored in the inner membrane. Its C-terminal transmembrane domain separates the protein into a large N-terminal region that interacts with the kDNA-localized TAC102 and a 34 aa C-tail that binds to the intermembrane space-exposed loop of the integral outer membrane protein TAC60. Whereas the outer membrane region requires four essential subunits for proper TAC function, the inner membrane integral p166, via its interaction with TAC60 and TAC102, would theoretically suffice to bridge the distance between the OM and the kDNA. Surprisingly, non-functional p166 lacking the C-terminal 34 aa still localizes to the TAC region. This suggests the existence of additional TAC-associated proteins which loosely bind to non-functional p166 lacking the C-terminal 34 aa and keep it at the TAC. However, binding of full length p166 to these TAC-associated proteins alone would not be sufficient to withstand the mechanical load imposed by the segregating basal bodies.
Poetics as a counter archive: Neoclassical Shi‘i poetry and de-sectarianizing knowledge
Authors: Bashkin Orit
Published: June 2022

In this article, I highlight the importance of literary products as an alternative archive. Focusing on Iraqi history in the first two decades of the twentieth century, I suggest that relying on Arabic literature is a useful method of decolonizing knowledge, which allows us to reconstruct, even partially, voices of Iraqis and exposes to us to their creativity and world-views. Some of Iraq’s poets, novelists and writers supported, and were supported by, the State, whose praises they sang in extravagant odes and mediocre novels. Others, however, were dissidents, radicals, anticolonial activists and commentators on social justice and gender equality. Their literary products are thus highly relevant to the late Ottoman period and the early years of the mandate as an archive countering British perceptions of politics at the time.
Living and dying on record: ‘Atrocity archives’ as sacred remains1
Authors: Whiting Rebecca Abby
Published: June 2022

This article considers the ethical issues surrounding conducting research in archives that include records of atrocities, taking Baʿth Party and Islamic State records that were de-territorialized from Iraq between 1991 and 2016 as case studies. I argue for the need to further consider whether historical subjects are being granted a voice in how their stories are being told. I will discuss the dichotomy between the imperatives to expose human rights abuses and seek accountability, against the need to consider the power dynamics defining control of the post-mortem narratives of the individuals named within records. I advocate for an approach to academic research that takes into account the affective power of records and the relations created by engaging them. I will explore how we might approach official records that document the abuse people have suffered as extensions of their physical bodies, as sacred remains.
Multichannel diffusion: An interview with Robert Hampson
Authors: Loydell Rupert
Published: June 2022

This interview contextualizes the music of Robert Hampson, firstly with the bands Loop and Main (which became a solo project), and then within the area of musique concrète and acousmatic music. Hampson discusses his initial influences and the move from psychedelic post-punk guitar to guitarless abstract sound compositions, and why he has reformed a new version of Loop.
Use of structural steel in residential construction
Authors: Lakusic Stjepan
Published: June 2022

Although structural steel for industrial use is successfully proven in the market of Southern and Southeastern Europe, examples of its use in residential construction are rare. A strong tradition of masonry and reinforced concrete construction still limits the use of materials like steel, despite examples of good practice in countries like Japan and USA. By reviewing the advantages and disadvantages and presenting the solutions to these disadvantages, especially in accordance with the three basic steel structure framing systems, it is clear that structural steel is a competitive and often rational choice for residential construction. The example of housing unit (villa) structural analysis illustrates the advantages and possibilities to reduce the disadvantages of the structural steel use, and thus clearly shows the possibilities of its use.
Baseline Assessment of Urban Forest Vegetation at the Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City
Authors: De Los Santos Amanda , Alba Vince Jethro , Bautista Noelle Anne , Garcia Angelo Miguel , Geronimo Akhaila Jale , Nidea Gaye , Perez Teresita
Published: June 2022

An urban forest plays an essential role by providing multiple ecological services such as improved air and water quality, carbon sequestration, and many others. However, these forests are facing threats due to increasing numbers of exotic species influenced by human activities. This ecological imbalance may potentially cause an extensive impact on the urban community. Thus, the present study aimed to provide a baseline assessment of the remaining urban forest in the Ateneo de Manila University by determining the general floristic composition, (ii) comparing the proportions of life forms present with the Raunkiaer’s categories, and (iii) determining the ecological importance of the vegetation in the area through endemism and ecological or conservation status assessment. The BMB-DENR method on Terrestrial Ecosystems Biodiversity and Assessment Monitoring was adopted for this study. The results showed that the presence of exotic and invasive species in the area affected the diversity and composition of floral life-forms at the Ateneo Urban Forest and Wildlife Sanctuary as they altered fundamental properties of the biotic organization in the urban ecosystem.
ORÇAMENTO E SUCESSÃO INTERGERACIONAL EM EMPRESA FAMILIAR
Authors: Hillen Cristina , Facin Lavarda Carlos Eduardo
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: compreender a construção social do planejamento e controle orçamentário no contexto de sucessão intergeracional em uma empresa familiar.
Método: Desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso qualitativo único em uma empresa familiar brasileira, do segmento industrial de alimentos. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas semiestruturadas, observações, documentos e organizados no software Nvivo12 por meio da lente analítica da análise textual discursiva.
Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que a construção do orçamento no contexto do processo sucessório teve como ponto de partida a internalização de conhecimentos a partir da socialização secundária do sucessor que os buscou fora do núcleo familiar. Assim, atrelou-os com suas experiências na empresa e formou sua rede de relacionamento, o que lhe conferiu legitimidade e confiança enquanto líder e gestor.
Contribuições: Os resultados do estudo contribuem com a literatura ao agregar a compreensão de como a realidade objetiva do orçamento foi construída socialmente pelas ações do antecessor e do sucessor em interação com os gestores. Contribuem de forma prática ao possibilitarem o entendimento de como o planejamento e controle orçamentário podem auxiliar gestores, fundadores e sucessores em suas atividades diárias em contexto sucessório. Também apresentam implicações sociais ao fornecer reflexões para os gestores e empreendedores de empresas familiares com diferentes configurações sobre o papel do orçamento no processo sucessório de forma a gerenciar a sucessão intergeracional com o apoio de instrumentos do Sistema Controle Gerencial.
Reforming Islamic Marriage Bureaucracy in Indonesia: Approaches and Impacts
Authors: Kharlie Ahmad Tholabi , Fathudin Fathudin , Triana Windy
Published: June 2022

This paper aims at discussing approaches to Islamic marriage administration reform in Indonesia upheld by the Ministry of Religious Affairs and the KUA. This qualitative study relies on various statutory materials to examine the reform of Islamic marriage in Indonesia. An empirical study was conducted in several KUA offices in Denpasar Bali to obtain information about reform-related regulations implementation and the approaches of the marriage administration reform made by KUAs. This paper argues that top-down policies are not sufficient to make successful bureaucratic reform. Bottom-up approaches by each KUA through solid leadership and innovation have proven to determine the success of the reform. The paper, however, found that these bottom-up approaches are not without weakness as they tend to be unsystematically taken and that not all KUAs in Indonesia, therefore, have introduced such reforms and made equal success.[Artikel ini membahas beberapa pendekatan dalam mengkaji reformasi administrasi pernikahan Islam di Indonesia yang dikelola oleh Kementerian Agama dan KUA. Studi kualitatif ini mengandalkan beberapa bukti hukum untuk menguji reformasi pernikahan Islam di Indonesia. Studi empiris ini dilakukan di sejumlah KUA di Bali untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai implementasi kebijakan dan pendekatan reformasi administrasi yang telah dibuat KUA. Argumen dari artikel ini adalah kebijakan dari atas ke bawah tidak cukup berhasil dalam reformasi birokrasi. Sedangkan pendekatan dari bawah ke atas di masing-masing KUA melalui kepemimpinan yang solid dan inovatif, justru cenderung dominan keberhasilan reformasinya. Meskipun demikian, artikel ini juga menunjukkan kekurangannya yaitu kurang tersistematis dan tidak semua KUA di Indonesia yang juga menjalankan program reformasi dapat meraih sukses yang sama.]
Entrevista com Dauro Oliveira
Authors: Oliveira Dauro , Andrade Ildeu , Miguel José Augusto Mendes , Nojima Lincoln Issamu , Palomo Juan Martin , Pithon Matheus Melo
Published: June 2022

São engraçados os caminhos por onde a vida nos leva. Antes de falar da magnífica carreira acadêmica do Prof. Dauro, gostaria de comentar sobre os caminhos que me levaram de seu admirador a seu amigo. Conheci-o nas palestras promovidas pela extinta SMO (Sociedade Mineira de Ortodontia), hoje denominada ABOR-MG. Nessa época distante, o professor Dauro tinha acabado de retornar ao Brasil depois de sua brilhante passagem pelo conceituado programa de residência da Saint Louis University. Nessa época, o que me chamava atenção era o volume de conhecimento transmitido quando da sua fala, assim como a fluência na língua inglesa. Anos depois, reencontramo-nos no Departamento de Ortodontia da UFRJ, eu como aluno de mestrado e ele, de doutorado. Nesse período, apesar da distância imposta pelas formalidades do departamento, ainda se mantinha tamanha admiração.
PREEMPTION OF EARTHMOVING CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS IN STROBOSCOPE
Authors: Ioannou Photios G. , Likhitruangsilp Veerasak
Published: June 2022

Preemption in simulation modeling is the interruption of ongoing operations when trigger events occur, and the transfer of the resources involved to new activities. The new preemption capabilities added to the Stroboscope simulation system are illustrated by their application to two earthmoving examples. The first involves moving soil using two wheelbarrows and two laborers, one who loads and one who hauls. Preemption occurs when the return of an empty wheelbarrow interrupts loading the other wheelbarrow to start a new haul activity immediately. When the loading and hauling cycles are balanced, preemption improves productivity when the time to haul is less variable than the time to load. In the second example, two cranes unload barges that bring construction fill material for undersea land reclamation. When only one barge is currently unloading, it uses both cranes. The arrival of a second barge preempts the unloading of the first barge so that each barge is unloaded by a single crane. When unloading a barge is complete, and there are no other barges waiting to unload, its crane is reallocated to the barge that may still be unloading so it can use both cranes. Modeling the required multiple preemptions and reallocations of cranes dynamically illustrates the new preemption capabilities added to Stroboscope and how they can be used to model preemption in general.
IReNE: AN ENVIRONMENTALLY IMPACTED INFRASTRUCTURE CASE STUDY REPOSITORY FOR EDUCATION ON RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
Authors: Cavallin Humberto , Lopez del Puerto Carla
Published: June 2022

Maintaining information that documents damages that natural disasters cause to infrastructure and documenting the efforts to rebuild it, is essential for future infrastructure mitigation and reconstruction actions. To address this, we have developed the Interdisciplinary Research Network Extension (IReNE) aimed to keep record and centralize data relevant to cases in Puerto Rico. IReNE has been conceptualized following the case study methodology and it has been designed to fit and scaffold the Resilient Infrastructure and Sustainability Education – Undergraduate Program (RISE-UP), following the four stages defined by the Depth of Knowledge (DOK) model and a Project Based Learning approach. This paper presents the development of IReNE and presents case study examples of its current use for supporting the RISE-UP teaching model. IReNE was designed as an open-source platform that will be timely available to researchers, academics, and practitioners. We also expect their conceptual and applied developments to be replicated in other academic contexts, and therefore contributing on documenting, systematizing, and disseminating the impact of natural events on infrastructure.
FRP COMPOSITE STRENGTHENING OF CONCRETE COLUMNS WITH VARIOUS SHAPES AND LOADING CONDITIONS
Authors: Kabashi Naser , Krasniqi Enes , Muhaxheri Milot
Published: June 2022

The various loading in different cases will result in different columns made of reinforced concrete having a unique behavior within the scope of bearing capacity of columns. Fiber-reinforced polymers sheets can be put to use for wrapping or jacketing columns cross-sections with determined adhesive providing confinement resulting in increasing the load-carrying capacity of the strengthened columns. Retrofitting with fiber-reinforced polymeric materials with desired qualities is a great way to replace traditional materials like steel jacketing or adding fresh concrete to the sections of reinforced concrete columns. Traditional conventional methods are effective, but labor-consuming and mainly result in a significant cross-section growth. At the same time, the fiber-reinforced polymers wrapping technology has shown to be timeeffective, more appropriate, and linked with the country's contemporary architecture. The effect of the reinforced concrete columns section will also be a target and part of the analysis in this paper. Increasing the bearing capacity can lead to seismic damage of deficient and improve the ductility and energy absorption capacity.
STRUCTURE ROBUSTNESS AGAINST PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE DUE TO UNFORESEEABLE EVENTS
Authors: El-Metwally Salah El-Din E. , El-Zoughiby Mohamed E. , El-Demerdash Waleed E.
Published: June 2022

A robust structure will survive and remain serviceable during its design life where unforeseeable events or attacks are likely to occur. Examples of such unforeseeable events are: change of use; sudden and large settlements of supports; extreme impact; war; fire; extreme wind; catastrophic events, etc. Two case studies are presented in this paper, a multi-story flat plate building subjected to column loss and a cable-stayed bridge subjected to cable(s) loss, in order demonstrate such a role of robustness. The finite element method considering both material and geometric nonlinearity, with the aid of the software ABAQUS, is employed in this study to perform both static and dynamic analysis of the relevant structures. The two examples reveal how robustness can prevent progressive collapse of structures due to unforeseeable events. The flat plate building with continuous bottom reinforcement could survive column loss. The system robustness enabled the cable-stayed bridge to survive cable(s) loss.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CONSTRUCTION METHODS ABOUT SHAKE PREVENTION DUCT STRUCTURES
Authors: Chiba Shoya , Takahashi Osamu , Kato Daichi , Sakatsume Kazuto
Published: June 2022

Experimental studies are carried out on the newly devised method of shake-proof ducts with earthquake resistance, and it is verified whether the method will satisfy the allowable values of the construction guidelines in Japan. Based on the results, the aim is to improve the workability of the new method. The jig was installed on two shake prevention duct structures, fixed, and loaded horizontally. The vertical load was approximately 1kN assuming an actual duct, and the horizontal load was 4.9kN according to the construction guidelines. The interlaminar deformation angle and deflection angle was measured to determine if the allowable values are met. The construction methods about shake prevention duct structures was to install two pillars and connect the duct ring to the pillar with a plate. Bolts ware used to connect the duct ring to the plate and the pillar to the plate. Nine different tests conducted with parameters such as pillar height and cross-sectional standard. For a pillar length of 1500 mm, the allowable value in the Japanese construction guidelines was met, but for a pillar length of 2000 mm or more, it was difficult to meet the allowable horizontal displacement. However, it was possible to meet the allowable value by increasing the pillar cross section, increasing the bolts connecting the pillar to the plate, and reinforcing the base of a pillars.
DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF A RC COLUMN UNDER AXIAL-LATERAL IMPACT
Authors: Savin Sergey Yu. , Fedorova Natalia V.
Published: June 2022

The analysis of the collapses of buildings and structures that have occurred in recent decades, as well as the results of experimental studies, shows that a sudden failure of a column of the load-bearing system of a building leads to dynamic effect on structures adjacent to the site of initial local destruction. In this case, the columns adjacent to the site of the initial local destruction can be subjected to the simultaneous action of the axial shock loading and the lateral displacement of the support nodes. In this regard, the subject of the paper is the dynamic behavior of a reinforced concrete column under axial-lateral impact. The paper proposes an analytical solution to the differential equation of the axial-lateral buckling of a reinforced concrete column under accidental impact caused by a sudden structural transformation of the load-bearing system. Nonlinear behavior of material and energy dissipation due to damping have been considered. As a criterion for the bearing capacity assessment, the achievement of zero resistance is accepted, i.e., the ability of cross-section to resist the increment of forces along the height of the column. The results of numerical modeling are compared with the experimental data for lateral displacement obtained by the authors for the model of a two-story reinforced concrete frame with slender columns. The obtained analytical solution allows approximate evaluation the progressive collapse behavior of eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete columns.
Accounting for wire saggingоn span of 220 kV OHL whendetermining current, induced in ground wire by phase current magnetic fields
Authors: Krotkov Evgenij A. , Bezmenova Nadezhda V. , Shchobak Aleksandr A.
Published: June 2022

Overhead ground-wire cable (GW) is more prone to ice formation compared to 220 kV overhead lines. Ice-melting methods for GW using special power source have certain engineering constraints and required is connection of overhead line. Preventive heating of GW to above-zero temperature is an equivalent method to ice-melting. Preventive heating shall be provided by induction from electromagnetic field (EMF) of 220 kV overhead lines while in service. Induction methods of 220 kV OHL GW heating have been summarized and briefly described. Mathematical models of GW inductive heating do not consider the influence of wire and GW saggingon EMF parameters and equivalent circuit ground wire-earth. Therefore, sufficient mathematical model is required to use induction method of GW heating at 220 kV OHL segment. We propose induction heating for GW of double-circuit 220 kV OHL inclosed circuit ground wire-additional conductor top reventice formation. Mathematical model have been developed to calculate current, induced in circuit ground wire-additional conductor by magnetic fields of 220 kV OHL current while in service. Influence of wire and GW saggingon EMF parameters and equivalent circuit ground wire-additional conductor has been estimated. Due to mathematical model we could estimate induced current to prevent ice formation on GW of double-circuit 220 kV OHL while in service. Closed circuit ground wire-additional conductor is recommended for practical use, with capacitor loop included into circuit, its capacitance to be determined based on voltage resonance conditions.