bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relation Between Contempt, Anger, and Intimate Partner Violence: A Dyadic Approach
Authors: Sommer Johannah , Iyican Susan , Babcock Julia
Published: August 2016

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a persistent problem in our society, and there is strong evidence for the existence of bidirectional violence in heterosexual romantic relationships. Couples’ research has long focused on conflict and distressed communication patterns as a source of relationship distress and eventual dissolution. In addition to relationship dissatisfaction, dysfunctional communication also appears to be associated with elevated risk of IPV. In fact, one study found that communication difficulties were one of the most frequently self-reported motivations for committing partner violence in a sample of both males and females arrested for IPV. The current study sought to explore the association between the expression of distressed communication (contempt and anger) during a laboratory conflict discussion and reports of IPV perpetration using a dyadic data analysis method, the Actor Partner Interdependence Model, in a large ethnically diverse sample of heterosexual couples. We found that negative communication in the form of contempt was not only associated with one’s own physical assault perpetration, but it was also associated with physical assault perpetration of the other partner. In contrast, anger was only associated with one’s own physical assault perpetration. Therefore, our results highlight the potential efficacy of treatments for IPV that target negative communication patterns and affect.
Factors Associated with Recurrent Infant Feeding Practices in Subsequent Births
Authors: Bentley Jason P. , Bond Diana , de Vroome Michelle , Yip Elizabeth , Nassar Natasha
Published: August 2016

Background:

Previous breastfeeding experience has been associated with subsequent infant feeding practices. However, few longitudinal studies have investigated formula-only feeding patterns or the full range of potentially associated characteristics.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the recurrence of infant feeding practices and maternal, birthing, and infant characteristics associated with recurrent formula-only feeding and changes between exclusive breastfeeding and formula-only feeding across subsequent births.

Methods:

We conducted a population-based record-linkage study of 317 027 mothers, with a term singleton live-birth in 2007-2011, New South Wales, Australia. Infant feeding patterns were described using sequential birth pairs. For mothers with a first and second birth, robust Poisson regression was used to investigate the association between maternal, birthing, and infant characteristics and infant feeding patterns. Combined relative risks (RRs) were calculated for selected maternal characteristics.

Results:

Across 69 994 sequential birth pairs, the recurrence rate of formula-only feeding was 71%, and 92% for exclusive breastfeeding. Maternal characteristics < 25 years old, being Australian born or single, smoking during pregnancy, and living in lower socioeconomic areas were most strongly associated with repeat formula-only feeding (RR, 22.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 18.6-26.3), changing from exclusive breastfeeding to formula-only feeding (RR, 9.0; 95% CI, 7.4-10.7), and being less likely to change from formula-only feeding to exclusive breastfeeding (RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.38-0.59).

Conclusion:

Infant feeding practices were strongly recurrent, highlighting the importance of successful breastfeeding for first-time mothers. Additional support for young mothers from disadvantaged backgrounds accounting for infant feeding history, experiences, and common barriers could improve recurrent exclusive breastfeeding and positively affect infant and maternal health.
Experiencing Resilience via Video Games
Authors: Tichon Jennifer G. , Mavin Timothy
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of games, where characters must overcome adversity, on player’s perceptions of their psychological resilience. Located on the PlayStation blog (blog.us.playstation.com ), the online PlayStation Network (PSN) community group focuses on video gamers unique stories and experiences. Using a qualitative and exploratory design, blogs posted between March 2012 and January 2013 were analyzed for content describing experiences via gameplay that members reported made them feel more resilient. Both social and emotional aspects of resilience were discussed with players reporting game experiences had helped them feel more confident in their abilities. Many also associated themselves with the same resilient traits as their characters display in games. A range of popular off-the-shelf video games were reported as helpful in providing players with the opportunity to feel confident under pressure and, importantly, some players reported transferring these positive psychological effects to their real-world lives.
Graduates’ employability
Authors: Matsouka Kyriaki , Mihail Dimitrios M.
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this article is to investigate the views of university graduates and human resource managers (HRMs) on graduates’ employability in terms of the soft skills required by the labour market. Soft skills (personal attributes that enhance an individual’s interactions, job performance and career prospects) are necessary in the labour market in addition to hard skills (professional knowledge, tools or techniques). In this study, 178 graduates from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and 29 HRMs from Greek companies took part. The research tool was a questionnaire exploring participants’ views on the demand for soft skills as a decisive factor in employability. The findings identify differences between the views of the graduates and the HRMs. The graduates tended to overestimate themselves, while the employers argued that graduates lacked the necessary skills. The findings are discussed in relation to the changes needed in higher education institutions and the importance of appropriate interaction and collaboration between companies and universities.
Addressing cross-cultural teamwork barriers
Authors: Levitt Steven R.
Published: August 2016

This study explores cultural factors affecting international team dynamics and the implications for industry practice and higher education. Despite decades of studying and experience with cultural diversity, international work groups continue to be challenged by ethnocentrism and prejudices. Central to the context is that cultural differences in international teamwork result in a dynamic push–pull tension between seemingly contradictory forces: the diversity of the team members and the desired unity of the team’s purpose and activities. Thus there is a critical demand for increased intercultural competence for industry practitioners and higher education students. Recommendations for improving international teamwork dynamics and implications for higher education curricula are offered.
A series of organosoluble polyamides with 4-(dimethylamino)triphenylamine
Authors: Feng Fei , Sun Ningwei , Wang Daming , Zhou Hongwei , Chen Chunhai
Published: August 2016

A series of novel aromatic polyamides containing 4-(dimethylamino)triphenylamine were prepared via the polycondensation reactions of the newly synthesized dicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-dicarboxy-4″-(dimethylamino)triphenylamine, and various diamines. Introduction of 4-(dimethylamino)triphenylamine units along the polymer chain enhanced the solubility of the polymers. The 10% weight loss temperatures of these polymers ranged from 432°C to 471°C with the char yields more than 63% at 800°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The polymers displayed low oxidation potentials because of the incorporation of dimethylamino at the para position of triphenylamine. Cyclic voltammograms of the polyamide films showed their onset potential around 0.38–0.47 V with color changing from nearly colorless to light blue.
Evaluating the use of high-pressure coolant in turning process of Inconel 625 nickel-based alloy
Authors: Magri Aristides , Diniz Anselmo Eduardo , Suyama Daniel Iwao
Published: August 2016

The automotive, aerospace and energy industries have lately increased their search for materials which must have high mechanical resistance/weight ratio and capability to maintain the mechanical properties in high temperatures and at corrosive environments in order to produce critical parts of their equipment. The nickel-based alloys are one type of materials which have been a good answer for this search. On the other hand, the very good mechanical properties of these alloys make their manufacturing very difficult, especially when machining processes are used. Among other problems in the machining of these alloys, due to the high mechanical resistance in high temperature, tool lives used to be much shorter than when steel alloys are machined, forcing cutting speeds to be much lower and, consequently, to have less productive processes. The main goal of this work was to test an alternative to increase tool life in the turning of Inconel 625 nickel-based alloy by the use of high-pressure coolant. This system was tested using different directions of the fluid flow (toward the rake face, toward the flank face and directing the fluid simultaneously toward these two tool faces) compared to the conventional way of applying fluid. The results show that the use of high-pressure coolant harms the notch wear development and, consequently, increases tool life with simultaneous improvement of workpiece surface roughness in some cases. However, the application of high-pressure coolant over both flank and rake faces at the same time did not provide any improvement.
Simulations of gasoline engine combustion and emissions using a chemical-kinetics-based turbulent premixed combustion modeling approach
Authors: Yang Shiyou , Pomraning Eric , Jia Ming
Published: August 2016

This work presents a turbulent premixed combustion modeling approach which is based on chemical kinetics. In this approach, the smallest length scales are of the order of 0.1–1.0 mm for typical engine simulations with a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence model and, after adaptive mesh refinement technology is used to consider the magnitude of the subgrid field, the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes turbulent flow field can be well resolved. For solution of the flame front, an artificially thickened laminar flame concept is introduced to balance the computational accuracy and the computational cost. Around the artificially thickened laminar flame front, a special grid resolution strategy is designed, i.e. using much finer resolution in the normal direction of the flame front and typical adaptive mesh refinement resolution in the other two perpendicular directions. Then, chemical kinetics can be applied to the chemistry process which occurs in the flame front. To use this chemical-kinetics-based turbulent premixed combustion modeling approach better, a good chemical kinetics mechanism is very important. For this reason a practical primary-reference-fuel chemical kinetics mechanism is improved and validated in present work. The newly improved mechanism resolves several issues in the existing mechanisms, including unrealistically fast autoignition reactions and limited laminar flame speed validation. After reoptimization of those laminar-flame-speed-related reactions, the new mechanism can correctly compute the laminar flame speeds for a wide range of Ford spark ignition engines and for various operating conditions. Using this combustion modeling approach together with the new mechanism, simulations of the combustion and the emissions of several spark ignition engines for typical operating conditions were carried out. The simulated in-cylinder pressures, the simulated burn rates, and the simulated emissions including the brake specific carbon monoxide emissions, the nitrogen oxide emissions, and the unburned hydrocarbon emissions are compared with the experimental data, and very good agreement is found without tuning any model constants.
Gardnerella vaginalis and Mollicute detection in rectal swabs from men who have sex with men
Authors: Cox Ciara , Watt Alison P , McKenna James P , Coyle Peter V
Published: August 2016

The numbers of rectal sexually transmitted infections are on the rise especially among men who have sex with men. Males from men who have sex with men population are encouraged to send a rectal swab to the laboratory for sexually transmitted infection screening at their visit to the Genitourinary Medicine Clinic. In healthy asymptomatic males, the range of pathogens tested is limited therefore other pathogens may be left untreated allowing infections to persist among sexual partners. Molecular techniques have revolutionarised sexually transmitted infection testing enabling the detection of previously difficult-to-culture pathogens in extra-genital sites and have increased the evidence base for their clinical significance. The present study tests 107 rectal swabs from men who have sex with men negative for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae against quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays targeting five common sexually transmitted bacteria which include Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum and Gardnerella vaginalis. The pathogenic role of these five bacteria in men who have sex with men is currently unknown. Amongst the 107 patients, a positive qPCR was obtained respectively for G. vaginalis 89 (83.2%); U. urealyticum 26 (24.3%); M. hominis 26 (24.3%); M. genitalium 10 (9.3%) and U. parvum 5 (4.7%). Bacterial loads in single and co-infections were compared for each organism. G. vaginalis and M. hominis loads were significantly ( p = 0.007 and p = 0.005, respectively) higher when co-infecting with at least one other organism. Amongst co-infections, the loads of each organism were assessed to determine possible synergies. G. vaginalis and M. hominis displayed a synergistic pattern ( r = 0.51; p = 0.02) which is in keeping with a similar synergy detected previously in the vagina of women with bacterial vaginosis. This study outlines that potential significant infections are being missed in men who have sex with men population; however, further research is warranted to confirm a pathogenesis in the rectal mucosa before routine screening can be introduced to clinical settings.
Feedback nonlinear robust control for hydraulic system with disturbance compensation
Authors: Xu Zhangbao , Ma Dawei , Yao Jianyong , Ullah Nasim
Published: August 2016

In this article, a practical method named feedback nonlinear robust control with disturbance compensation is proposed for a hydraulic system with matched and mismatched generalized uncertainties (e.g. parameter derivations, external disturbances, modeled errors and/or unmodeled dynamics), in which a finite-time disturbance observer and a nonlinear robust controller are integrated together by backstepping method. The finite-time disturbance observer is used to estimate matched and mismatched generalized uncertainties. The design of the nonlinear robust controller is to make the closed-loop system stable. Not only the nonlinearities (e.g. nonlinear flow features of servo-valve) but also matched and mismatched generalized uncertainties are considered by the proposed controller. Furthermore, asymptotic output tracking performance after a time T0 is theoretically ensured by the proposed controller. The high-performance nature of the proposed control strategy is verified by extensive comparative experimental results.
High-performance motion control of the hydraulic press based on an extended fuzzy disturbance observer
Authors: Wei Jianhua , Zhang Qiang , Li Mingjie , Shi Wenzhuo
Published: August 2016

This article focuses on the high-performance motion control problem of the hydraulic press. Smooth and precise motion control of the hydraulic press is hardly achieved due to the complex external disturbances which typically consist of the deformation force and friction force. An extended fuzzy disturbance observer is first constructed to estimate and compensate the hardly modeled deformation force. The proposed extended fuzzy disturbance observer differs with the fuzzy disturbance observer on parameter adaptation; the fuzzy disturbance observer is commonly driven by the disturbance observer error, while the designed extended fuzzy disturbance observer is driven by the disturbance observer error and the motion tracking error together. The nonlinear cascade controller is further applied to synthesize the motion controller considering the particular work principle of the separate meter-in separate meter-out drive system adopted in the hydraulic press. The outer motion tracking loop of the nonlinear cascade controller is designed based on the sliding mode control with the desired driving force as control output, and the inner pressure control loop of the nonlinear cascade controller uses the backstepping technique to make the separate meter-in separate meter-out drive system track the desired driving force precisely. The minimum equivalent load criterion is proposed to act as the bridge linking the outer and inner loop. The stability of the overall closed-loop system is proved based on the Lyapunov theory. The performance of the proposed scheme is verified through the simulations and experiments. The results demonstrate that the nonlinear cascade controller together with the extended fuzzy disturbance observer provides an excellent motion tracking performance in the presence of complex external disturbances.
The Acquisition and Usage of the SODAS Problem-Solving Method Among Adults at Risk for Homelessness
Authors: Streetman Collin , Crosland Kimberly , “Rusty” Clark Hewitt B.
Published: August 2016

Purpose:

Individuals experiencing extended homelessness face multifaceted risks related to health, substance use, and continuing unemployment and may benefit from learning a problem-solving and decision-making method to assist them in dealing with everyday situations.

Methods:

This study used a multiple-baseline design to teach three men with extensive histories of homelessness the situation, options, disadvantages, advantages, and solution (SODAS) problem-solving and decision-making method and assessed their ability to learn it and guide another adult in the use of the method in simulated role-play problem situations.

Results:

All three participants demonstrated substantial increases (from approximately 10% of steps correct in baseline to 100% steps correct after intervention) in their ability to successfully guide another adult through the SODAS process when role-playing problem situations.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that the SODAS problem-solving and decision-making method could be efficiently taught to adults who have histories of homelessness, and the participants found the process helpful for problems they encountered.
Psychometric Properties of an Arabic Version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS)
Authors: Moussa Miriam Taouk , Lovibond Peter , Laube Roy , Megahead Hamido A.
Published: August 2016

Objective:

To translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of an Arabic-language version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS).

Method:

The items were translated, back translated, refined, and tested in an Australian immigrant sample ( N = 220).

Results:

Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the Arabic DASS discriminates between depression, anxiety, and stress but to a lesser degree than the English DASS. The factor loadings for all 42 items were comparable to those of the English DASS, indicating that the items had been appropriately translated and adapted. Analysis of exploratory items suggested by Arabic-speaking mental health professionals failed to reveal any new items that were both psychometrically adequate and theoretically coherent. Analysis of a bilingual sample ( N = 24) indicated that the English norms was appropriate for the Arabic DASS.

Conclusion:

The results support the universality of depression, anxiety, and stress across cultures and provide initial support for the psychometric properties of the Arabic DASS.
“Prison Ain’t Free Like Everyone Thinks”
Authors: Harner Holly M. , Wyant Brian R. , Da Silva Fernanda
Published: August 2016

Most women in prison are poor and suffer from health problems prior to and during incarceration. Policies that impose inmate medical co-payment fees do not consider gender-specific health needs or other financial stressors faced by women in prison. We examine the financial needs and concerns of incarcerated women through the lens of gender and behavioral economics. We conducted individual interviews with 95 women incarcerated in a medium/maximum security prison in the United States. Women described several common financial stressors during confinement: paying for medical care, “working for pennies,” staying in contact with loved ones, and relying on others. In an attempt to remain gender neutral, prison polices often do not consider gender-based differences between male and female prisoners. When gender neutrality is applied to financial policies surrounding access to healthcare, incarcerated women are profoundly disadvantaged and left to make consequential trade-offs with scarce financial resources. Our findings provide important insight into financial stressors facing incarcerated women and provide evidence to support the elimination of mandatory medical co-payment fees for incarcerated women.
Pharmacy-Driven Dexmedetomidine Stewardship and Appropriate Use Guidelines in a Community Hospital Setting
Authors: Schickli M. Alexandra , Eberwein Kip A. , Short Marintha R. , Ratliff Patrick D.
Published: August 2016

Background: Dexmedetomidine is a widely utilized agent in the intensive care unit (ICU) because it does not suppress respiratory drive and may be associated with less delirium than midazolam or propofol. Cost of dexmedetomidine therapy and debate as to the proper duration of use has brought its use to the forefront of discussion. Objective: To validate the efficacy and cost savings associated with pharmacy-driven dexmedetomidine appropriate use guidelines and stewardship in mechanically ventilated patients. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who received dexmedetomidine for ICU sedation while on mechanical ventilation at a 433-bed not-for-profit community hospital. Included patients were divided into pre-enactment (PRE) and postenactment (POST) of dexmedetomidine guideline groups. Results: A total of 100 patients (50 PRE and 50 POST) were included in the analysis. A significant difference in duration of mechanical ventilation (11.1 vs 6.2 days, P = 0.006) and incidence of reintubation (36% vs 18% of patients, P = 0.043) was seen in the POST group. Aggregate use of dexmedetomidine 200-µg vials (37.1 vs 18.4 vials, P = 0.010) and infusion days (5.4 vs 2.5 days, P = 0.006) were significantly lower in the POST group. Dexmedetomidine acquisition cost savings were calculated at $374 456.15 in the POST group. There was no difference between the PRE and POST groups with regard to ICU length of stay, expected mortality, and observed mortality. Conclusions: Pharmacy-driven dexmedetomidine appropriate use guidelines decreased the use of dexmedetomidine and increased cost savings at a community hospital without adversely affecting clinical outcomes.
Circulating Breast Carcinoma Cells Mimicking Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Rowan Daniel J. , Logunova Valentina , van Tuinen Peter , Olteanu Horatiu , Peterson Jess F.
Published: August 2016

Circulating tumor cells are rare in peripheral blood smears. We report the case of a patient with circulating breast carcinoma cells resembling circulating myeloid blasts and provide a brief review of the literature. Peripheral blood smears and a bone marrow aspirate were examined morphologically and by flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Bone marrow histology in conjunction with immunohistochemical stains was also evaluated. A population of atypical cells with blast-like morphology was present in the peripheral blood. Flow cytometry showed a 9% population of CD45 dim positive, CD13 partial positive, and CD15 variably positive cells. Peripheral blood FISH analysis revealed deletion 7q, gain of 8q, and deletions 16q and 17q in 32.5% to 36% of 200 interphase cells analyzed. The bone marrow biopsy showed cohesive groups of cytokeratin AE1/AE3 positive cells. Our report demonstrates that circulating carcinoma cells can mimic a high-grade myeloid neoplasm morphologically and by flow cytometry and FISH analysis.
Marriage Migration as a Multifaceted System: The Intersectionality of Intimate Partner Violence in Cross-Border Marriages
Authors: Chiu Tuen Yi
Published: August 2016

This article addresses the intersectional nature of intimate partner violence (IPV) against female marriage migrants in Mainland China–Hong Kong cross-border marriages. The author analyzes data from 15 battered female marriage migrants who share the same ethnicity as their husbands to illustrate how the immigration of female marriage migrants intricately intersects with gender, class, and culture to form a multifaceted system that traps battered marriage migrants in abusive marriages. It is proposed that marriage migration, as a distinct form of migration, involves certain intrinsic risk factors that make marriage migrants particularly vulnerable to IPV.
Effect of single agent high-dose methotrexate-related acute kidney injury on length of hospitalization and relative dose intensity in adult patients with central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Steward Jennifer S , Bullard Heather M , O’Rourke Timothy J , Campbell Alan D , Brinker Brett T , Yost Kathleen J , Vanderwoude Amy C , Scott William L , Kintzel Polly E
Published: August 2016

Purpose

Grade ≥3 adverse effects prolong hospitalization and reduce chemotherapy dose intensity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate and severity of high-dose methotrexate-related acute kidney injury and analyze its effect on hospital length of stay and relative chemotherapy dose intensity.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort analysis. Patients receiving ≥1 dose of high-dose methotrexate were analyzed for acute kidney injury and length of stay. Patients receiving ≥6 cycles of induction therapy were included in the analysis of relative chemotherapy dose intensity. Chi squared analysis was used to determine the differences between dichotomous data; Student’s t-test for parametric data and Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric data for continuous variables. Statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS Statistics (version 21).

Results

Twenty-six patients and 194 treatment encounters were identified. Thirteen patients were evaluated for relative chemotherapy dose intensity. Grade ≥3 acute kidney injury occurred in four patients (15% of patients; 2% of encounters). There were no grade 5 adverse events. Mean length of stay for encounters with grade ≥3 acute kidney injury was almost three times longer than for those with ≤ grade 2 acute kidney injury (p = 0.041). Mean relative chemotherapy dose intensity was reduced approximately in half for patients experiencing grade ≥3 acute kidney injury (p < 0.01). The most common adverse events were hypokalemia and nausea. Proton pump inhibitors were the most frequently co-administered medications with the potential to affect high-dose methotrexate pharmacokinetics.

Conclusion

At our cancer program, the rate of grade ≥3 acute kidney injury with high-dose methotrexate is similar to that reported by others. Grade ≥3 acute kidney injury following high-dose methotrexate administration significantly prolonged length of stay and reduced relative chemotherapy dose intensity.
The Threshold and Inclusive Approaches to Determining “Best Available Evidence”
Authors: Stockard Jean , Wood Timothy W.
Published: August 2016

Most evaluators have embraced the goal of evidence-based practice (EBP). Yet, many have criticized EBP review systems that prioritize randomized control trials and use various criteria to limit the studies examined. They suggest this could produce policy recommendations based on small, unrepresentative segments of the literature and recommend a more traditional, inclusive approach. This article reports two empirical studies assessing this criticism, focusing on the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC). An examination of outcomes of 252 WWC reports on literacy interventions found that 6% or fewer of the available studies were selected for review. Half of all intervention reports were based on only one study of a program. Data from 131 studies of a reading curriculum were used to compare conclusions using WWC procedures and more inclusive procedures. Effect estimates from the inclusive approach were more precise and closer to those of other reviews. Implications are discussed.
Determination of reference intervals and comparison of venous blood gas parameters using standard and non-standard collection methods in 24 cats
Authors: Bachmann Karin , Kutter Annette PN , Schefer Rahel Jud , Marly-Voquer Charlotte , Sigrist Nadja
Published: August 2016

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine in-house reference intervals (RIs) for venous blood analysis with the RAPIDPoint 500 blood gas analyser using blood gas syringes (BGSs) and to determine whether immediate analysis of venous blood collected into lithium heparin (LH) tubes can replace anaerobic blood sampling into BGSs.

Methods

Venous blood was collected from 24 healthy cats and directly transferred into a BGS and an LH tube. The BGS was immediately analysed on the RAPIDPoint 500 followed by the LH tube. The BGSs and LH tubes were compared using paired t-test or Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test, Bland–Altman and Passing–Bablok analysis. To assess clinical relevance, bias or percentage bias between BGSs and LH tubes was compared with the allowable total error (TEa) recommended for the respective parameter.

Results

Based on the values obtained from the BGSs, RIs were calculated for the evaluated parameters, including blood gases, electrolytes, glucose and lactate. Values derived from LH tubes showed no significant difference for standard bicarbonate, whole blood base excess, haematocrit, total haemoglobin, sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose and lactate, while pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen, actual bicarbonate, extracellular base excess, ionised calcium and anion gap were significantly different to the samples collected in BGSs ( P <0.05). Furthermore, pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen, extracellular base excess, ionised calcium and anion gap exceeded the recommended TEa.

Conclusions and relevance

Assessment of actual and standard bicarbonate, whole blood base excess, haematocrit, total haemoglobin, sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose and lactate can be made based on blood collected in LH tubes and analysed within 5 mins. For pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen, extracellular base excess, anion gap and ionised calcium the clinically relevant alterations have to be considered if analysed in LH tubes.
Preventing chiefs from being chiefs: An ethnography of a co-operative sheet-metal factory
Authors: Jaumier Stéphane
Published: August 2016

Knowledge of how democracy and equality are practically achieved within member-based organisations such as co-operatives remains underdeveloped in the literature. In order to investigate this question, this study is based on a piece of ethnographic work, namely, 1 year of participant observation as a factory worker, which I conducted within a French co-operative sheet-metal factory. Pondering the presence within the co-operative of seemingly powerless chiefs, I draw on the works of French anthropologist Pierre Clastres (1934–1977) on stateless societies in order to study co-operators in their ‘continual effort to prevent chiefs from being chiefs’. Three types of day-to-day practices appear to be central for members of the co-operative in circumventing the coalescence of power in the hands of their chiefs: a relentlessly voiced refusal of the divide between chiefs and lay members; a permanent requirement for accountability and endless overt critique towards chiefs; and the use of schoolboy humour. The case, as analysed through a Clastrian lens, evidences a novel avenue that is conducive to avoiding the fate of oligarchisation within democratic organisations. Indeed, it shows how power can be kept at bay by being named and then embodied in a figure, who is eventually – through mostly informal practices – stripped of all authority. In addition, it suggests that our understanding of co-operation could be greatly improved if researchers’ dominant focus on governance was complemented by studies anchored in the everyday experience of co-operators.
Fatigue and fluid hydration status in multiple sclerosis: A hypothesis
Authors: Cincotta Molly C , Engelhard Matthew M , Stankey Makela , Goldman Myla D
Published: August 2016

Background:

Fatigue is a prevalent and functionally disabling symptom for individuals living with multiple sclerosis (MS) which is poorly understood and multifactorial in etiology. Bladder dysfunction is another common MS symptom which limits social engagement and quality of life. To manage bladder issues, individuals with MS tend to limit their fluid intake, which may contribute to a low-hydration (LoH) state and fatigue.

Objective:

To evaluate the relationship between patient-reported MS fatigue, bladder dysfunction, and hydration status.

Methods:

We performed a prospective cross-sectional study in 50 women with MS. Participants submitted a random urine sample and completed several fatigue-related surveys. Using a urine specific gravity (USG) threshold of 1.015, we classified MS subjects into two groups: high-hydration (HiH) and LoH states.

Results:

LoH status was more common in MS subjects with bladder dysfunction. Statistically significant differences in self-reported Fatigue Performance Scale were observed between HiH and LoH subjects ( p = 0.022). USG was significantly correlated with fatigue as measured by the MS Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) score ( r = 0.328, p = 0.020).

Conclusion:

Hydration status correlates with self-reported fatigue, with lower fatigue scores found in those with HiH status (USG < 1.015).
Exposing convergence: YouTube, fan labour, and anxiety of cultural production in Lonelygirl15
Authors: Bakioğlu Burcu S
Published: August 2016

As one of the first social media franchises, Lonelygirl15 (LG15) played a surprisingly important role in transforming YouTube into a legitimate storytelling platform and a site of cultural production worthy of commercial attention. While LG15 has been hailed as one of the first community-based storytelling initiatives that harnessed the power of participatory culture, the anxiety of creating an economically sustainable story led to the careful management of fan efforts and the strict definition of the boundaries of the LG15 canon. In this article, I argue that LG15 demonstrates one of the most worrisome aspects of YouTube’s monetization strategies, the commodification of labour in which advertisers and media companies exploit users for profit. This exploitation does not necessarily come in the form of loss of monetary value but through the alienation of fans from their productive labour. As such, the production of LG15 presents a powerful critique of convergence culture. It demonstrates that the movement of fans to the centre of cultural production does not necessarily mean empowerment but may also suggest exploitation.
Brazilian physical education teachers’ attitudes toward inclusion before and after participation in a professional development workshop
Authors: Haegele Justin A , Hodge Samuel , Filho Paulo José Barbosa Gutierres , de Rezende Alexandre Luiz Gonçalves
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the attitudes of physical education teachers about inclusion and teaching students with disabilities in Brazil before and after they participated in a professional development workshop focused on inclusive ideology and strategies. The participants were Brazilian physical education teachers (pretest sample, n = 90, and posttest sample, n = 90, respectively) sampled randomly from a two-day workshop held in Brasília, Brazil. The research method was pretest–posttest group design. The primary data source was the Physical Educators’ Judgments about Inclusion survey, a three-dimensional attitude survey scale with an accompanying demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicate the Brazilian physical education teachers: (a) were undecided about inclusion; (b) were accepting of students with disabilities in their classes; and (c) perceived a need for additional professional development training to effectively teach children with disabilities.
Vital sign documentation in electronic records: The development of workarounds
Authors: Stevenson Jean E , Israelsson Johan , Nilsson Gunilla , Petersson Goran , Bath Peter A
Published: August 2016

Workarounds are commonplace in healthcare settings. An increase in the use of electronic health records has led to an escalation of workarounds as healthcare professionals cope with systems which are inadequate for their needs. Closely related to this, the documentation of vital signs in electronic health records has been problematic. The accuracy and completeness of vital sign documentation has a direct impact on the recognition of deterioration in a patient’s condition. We examined workflow processes to identify workarounds related to vital signs in a 372-bed hospital in Sweden. In three clinical areas, a qualitative study was performed with data collected during observations and interviews and analysed through thematic content analysis. We identified paper workarounds in the form of handwritten notes and a total of eight pre-printed paper observation charts. Our results suggested that nurses created workarounds to allow a smooth workflow and ensure patients safety.
Medicated bodies: Mental distress, social media and affect
Authors: Tucker Ian , Goodings Lewis
Published: August 2016

Social media are increasingly being recruited into care practices in mental health. This article analyses how a major new mental health social media site ( www.elefriends.org.uk ) is used when trying to manage the impact of psychiatric medication on the body. Drawing on Henri Bergson’s concept of affection, analysis shows that Elefriends is used at particular moments of reconfiguration (e.g. change in dosage and/or medication), periods of self-experimentation (when people tailor their regimen by altering prescriptions or ceasing medication) and when dealing with a present bodily concern (showing how members have a direct, immediate relationship with the site). In addition, the analysis illustrates how users have to structure their communication to try to avoid ‘triggering’ distress in others. The article concludes by pointing to the need to focus on the multiple emerging relationships between bodies and social media in mental health, due to the ways the latter are becoming increasingly prominent technologies through which to experience the body when distressed.
The effect of moral intuitions on decisions in video game play: The impact of chronic and temporary intuition accessibility
Authors: Tamborini Ron , Bowman Nicholas David , Prabhu Sujay , Hahn Lindsay , Klebig Brian , Grall Clare , Novotny Eric
Published: August 2016

The model of intuitive morality and exemplars (MIME) highlights the central influence of innate moral instincts (or intuitions) in media use. Recent experimental research on the MIME found that moral intuitions that are chronically accessible in video gamers are likely to influence players to uphold related moral principles in the game. This study replicated and extended this research to examine the influence of both chronic and temporary accessibility of moral intuitions. Discussion focuses on the prospect that while chronic accessibility should be a better predictor of behavior in most cases, there are proximal in-game instances where environmental cues temporarily increase the accessibility of other moral intuitions. This suggests that (a) players do not necessarily disengage their morals during gameplay, and that moral intuitions influence their in-game decisions, and that (b) this influence is not fixed, but can be continuously modulated by game design features.
When White reporters cover race: News media, objectivity and community (dis)trust
Authors: Robinson Sue , Culver Kathleen Bartzen
Published: August 2016

When White reporters cover issues involving race, they often fall back on traditional, passive practices of objectivity, such as deferring to official sources and remaining separate from communities. Using in-depth interviews and focus groups combined with textual analysis in a case study of one Midwestern city, we explore the ethical tensions between the commitment to neutrality and the need for trust building in communities. This essay suggests that the current practices by White reporters may be unethical and argues for an active objectivity focused on loyalty to all citizens. This statement about the clashing of ethics explores a middle ground for reporters in historically White-dominated communities caught between long-time norms and the demands of an increasingly diverse society.
Framing the Cypriot economic crisis: In the service of the neoliberal vision
Authors: Doudaki Vaia , Boubouka Angeliki , Tzalavras Christos
Published: August 2016

This study examines the framing of the bailout-related news in Cyprus, adopting a critical analytical perspective. The examination of the actors’ associations with the main framing components (actors, causes, solutions and effects), as presented in the Cypriot elite press, revealed the dependency, the (non)liability and the economistic frame. These frames reproduce the hegemonic neoliberal discourse over the crisis, while disconnecting the responsibility for the crisis from the agents involved, protecting, thus, the legitimacy of their actions and of their authority. The media studied advocate the implementation of neoliberal policies (expressed in harsh austerity and protection of the banking system), legitimating them as the optimal model not only of the economy, but also of politics and social practice.
Jekyll or Hyde? Examining the criminal careers of public violence offenders
Authors: van Ham Tom , Blokland Arjan A.J. , Ferwerda Henk B. , Doreleijers Theo A.H. , Adang Otto M.J.
Published: August 2016

Since the 1970s theoretical and empirical work on public violence has mainly focused on the context in which public violence takes place, assuming that public violence offenders are ordinary people acting in extraordinary circumstances. Recent studies however indicate that ‘hooligans’ share many characteristics with other violent offenders, which has (re)fuelled the notion that individual propensity is important in explaining public violence, and that public violence offenders generally fit the small group of serious and persistent offenders identified by Moffitt. Based on Dutch police data on 438 individuals involved in public violence, we examined the criminal careers of public violence offenders leading up to the date of registration as a public violence offender. Using group-based models, we distinguished three criminal career trajectories in our sample. Although we found many public violence offenders had no criminal records whatsoever, we also found a small group of public violence offenders who exhibited a high frequency of offending, displayed both solo and group violence, and acted violently across different settings. Our results leave us to take a middle ground in the context-propensity debate, because we argue that different categories of public violence offenders may exist whose behaviour is triggered by different processes. Incorporating the notion of different types of public violence offenders helps explain the seemingly contradictory findings of prior studies, and suggests new avenues for future research into the intra- and intergroup dynamics of public violence.
Patient participation in clinical ethics support services – Patient-centered care, justice and cultural competence
Authors: Ballantyne Angela J , Dai Elizabeth , Gray Ben
Published: August 2016

Many clinical ethics support services do not involve patients. This is surprising because of the broad commitment to provide patient-centered healthcare. Clinical ethics support services are a component of the healthcare system and have an influence on patient care, and should therefore align with the regulatory and ethical requirements of patient-centered care, just process and cultural competence. First, in order to achieve good patient care, it is essential to involve patients in making their own healthcare decisions. Second, just ethical deliberation requires that the deliberating parties have access to complete, accurate and unbiased information – this is best achieved through direct patient input. These arguments are especially compelling in the case of non-dominant cultural and ethnic groups. Here, we argue that when a clinician refers a case to a clinical ethics support services for consideration, and that case involves a conflict between the views or values of the clinician and the patient, the patient is entitled to, at a minimum: (a) be informed of the referral; (b) have the opportunity to speak directly to the clinical ethics support services prior to deliberation; (c) be provided with any opinion directly from the clinical ethics support services; and (d) have the opportunity to speak to a clinical ethics support services member after the deliberation. We use New Zealand as a case study to support and extrapolate the ethical principles and the minimum patient involvement requirements. We draw on our empirical research with senior doctors at a tertiary New Zealand hospital. Clinicians in our study indicated that they would feel bound by clinical ethics support service advice and that the clinical ethics support service has a significant impact on patient care in the case it reviews.