bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implications of Overseas Strategic Petroleum Reserve System to China
Authors: Guo Zhen Yu , Xia En Jun
Published: August 2011

The western countries has long established their strategic petroleum reserve system, most typically in the US and Japan. The paper analyzes and compares the strategic petroleum reserve systems in the US and Japan which are representative to the western world, and proposes the basic approach of establishing strategic petroleum reserve system in China.
Numerical Simulation about Heat Transfer Coefficient for the Double Pipe Heat Exchangers
Authors: Zheng Hui Fan , Bai Jing , Wei Jing , Huang Lan Yu
Published: August 2011

Based on the EES software, a heat transfer coefficient calculation program about double pipe heat exchanges is established. Some experimental data are compared to the simulation data for proving that the program can predict the heat transfer coefficient of the double pipe heat exchangers, and then the change of heat transfer coefficient is calculated and analyzed with relevant parameters. The results show that the heat transfer coefficient of heat exchanger are increasing with the flow of the shell side, the tube side and the logarithmic mean temperature difference, and when the temperature difference equals to 12°C, the total heat transfer coefficient can up to 2400W/m2.K or so.
Supercooling and Phase Separation of Inorganic Salt Hydrates as PCMs
Authors: Tang Yan Rong , Gao Dao Lin , Guo Ya Fei , Wang Shi Qiang , Deng Tian Long
Published: August 2011

Inorganic salt hydrates as a new type of clean and renewable energy storage materials are widely used in a variety of fields due to their high volumetric latent storage density. However, the supercooling and phase separation effects limit their applications. In this paper, the characteristics of inorganic salt hydrates as PCMs were introduced, and the supercooling and phase separation for inorganic salt hydrates as PCMs were summarized in details. Then, some new approaches of nucleating and thickening agents to overcome the supercooling and phase separation were presented. Finally, the prospects and new trends of salt hydrates as PCMs in the future were also demonstrated.
Inorganic Phase Change Materials in Building Energy Saving
Authors: Li Xue Lu , Zhang Lei , Wang Shi Qiang , Guo Ya Fei , Deng Tian Long
Published: August 2011

The applications of inorganic phase change materials (PCMs) in building energy saving have been investigated within the past decades. In this paper, the contents of operative principles of applying inorganic PCMs in buildings, incorporation methods, and its applications in building energy saving in the fields of PCM wallboards, floors, and roofs and so on were summarized in details. Finally, some problems and new trends in the future are also discussed.
The Constitution of the Harmonious Architectural System
Authors: Sun Wang Hu
Published: August 2011

On the basis of Man’s three major relations and harmonies, by analogy, this paper puts forward three harmonies in architecture — harmony between architecture and nature, between architecture and human, and between architecture and itself. By explaining the main content of three harmonies in architecture, the paper introduces the system constitution of the harmonious architecture and devises the concept and target of the harmonious architecture.
Failure Analysis of Kelly Cock Valve Used in Drilling Process
Authors: Zheng Xun , Deng Jin Gen , Zhu Hai Yan , Liu Shu Jie , Zhao Wen Long , Zhang Mi Hua
Published: August 2011

Though statistically analyzing ten typical wells of kelly cock valve failure in certain oilfields, the main failure modes of the kelly cock valve were determined. Aiming at these modes and combining with mechanical analysis of knob, upper seat and main body of the kelly cock valve, its finite element calculation had been implemented and the weakness of all parts was found. By numerical modeling of the flow field of a kelly cock valve it was found that the velocity of fluid rapidly increased at upper and lower valve seats and this could easily prick out ball valves and valve seats, there was a annular low-velocity zone of minimum speed between the ball valve and the inner wall of the main body and this caused solid aggregation at this area. The research in this paper made the modes and causes of kelly failure to be recognized systematically. The results provided theoretical foundations of further improving the design and reasonable using of a kelly cock valve.
Project Design of Power Distribution and Illumination Monitor System of Certain Terminal Based on IBMS
Authors: Su Wei , Dong Nan Ping , Gao Man Ru
Published: August 2011

On the basis of an integration project of intelligent building system completed by the author recently , and through analysis of the concept for IBMS, this paper explains in detail engineering design plan. The paper also presents in detail the design of power distribution monitoring and management system, illumination monitoring and management system, and the realization of their functions. We can see that application of intelligent building management system can bring enormous direct economic benefits to the terminal. The indirect benefits in the control, management, information and decision making are immeasurable.
A Comparative Study on Decomposition of Airborne Microorganisms by Negative Air Ions and Nano-Ag/TiO2 as Photocatalyst in Medical Nursing Institution
Authors: Tsai Tzai Tang , Zhao Yu Kuang , Sung Wen Pei , Wang Hsien Jung
Published: August 2011

This study focused on the investigation of the effectiveness of nano-plasma negative air ionization (NPNAI) and photocatalytic oxidation with combining nano-Ag/TiO2 as photocatalyst and UV light irradiation to enhance the disinfecting capability of full-scale bacterial restraining equipment in the medical nursing institute. Results show the bacteria removal efficiencies (η) of different methodologies, respectively. In this removal method, the contributions of photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) as nano-Ag/TiO2 (ave. bacterial restraining rate = 73%) were higher than those of NPNAI (ave. bacterial restraining rate = 17%) for the removal of airborne microorganisms. The proposed equipment can disinfect air to restrain bacteria effectively as demonstrated on-site in medical nursing institutions; the results will be valuable references for designing a full-scale commercialized device for large-scale applications in the future.
Study on Potato Starch Wastewater Pretreatment Using Flocculation
Authors: Zhao Xia , Zhao Yang Li , Chen Zhong Lin , Luo He Ming , Feng Hui Xia , Jiang Feng
Published: August 2011

In this paper, flocculation process was applied to the treatment of potato starch wastewater. The Influence of flocculent types, dosage of flocculants, pH, dosage of coagulant aid polyacrylamide (PAM) and sedimentation time on flocculation efficiency was studied, and principal factors of influence flocculation pretreatment of potato starch wastewater and the optimum flocculation conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment. On the optimum conditions which had the advantage of better treatment efficiency with chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate of 40.55% , the suitable pH(7) in favour of the following biological treatment, high yield of sludge of 1.59g/L wastewater which could be used as animal feed or fertilizer and increase economic benefits.
Complete Toluene Oxidation over Palladium-Based Monolithic Catalyst Prepared via a New Electroless Plating Method
Authors: Li Yong Feng , Huang Yan Ting , Lin Tan Ting , Yu Qian , Yu Lin , Wu Lun Fu
Published: August 2011

The palladium-based catalyst of 0.36wt%Pd/cordierite honeycomb ceramics (CHC) without alumina interlayer film was prepared via a new electroless plating method. The results of activity test for complete toluene oxidation showed that the prepared catalysts had good catalytic activity and temperature resistance. The total oxidation temperature (T99) for toluene was at 230°C for the catalyst calcined at 500°C. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that the particles of palladium phases were small and well dispersed on the CHC substrate surface. And the X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) further revealed that both PdO state and adsorbed oxygen species participated and played a more important role in toluene oxidation reaction.
Experimental Study of Corrosion-Proof Scale-Preventative Agent on 150MW Circulating Cooling Water System
Authors: Shen Bing Yun , Pan Hui , Hou Jing , Guo Xiao Yu , Fan Xiang Dong
Published: August 2011

This article aims at exploring the influence of different water quality system to the scaling corrosion, which based on the mixed of circulating cooling water and reserved water in different proportion. Then the mixed water as new circulating cooling water conducts dynamic simulation experiment and rotating piece experiments and then adds with a certain volume of scale inhibitor. This article’s purpose still lies in obtaining the best water ratio through the scaling and corrosion inhibition’s performance of three kinds of water quality analysis.
The Dynamic Game of Complete Information for Developing Cyclic Economy of Highway Projects Construction
Authors: Yuan Chi , Ma Biao
Published: August 2011

Both the government and the firms are concerning about the development of cyclic economy for highway projects construction. However, the huge investment risks and technology spillover are primary obstacle for developing and research of energy saving and emission reduction. This paper introduces the theory of the dynamic game of complete information to analyze how the government provide sufficient subsidy and make preferential policy to promote the firms to do it for their own interests. According to the establishment of sub-game perfect Nash equilibrium under non-corporative conditions, it indicates clearly that the most effective measures to make sure the firms to develop cyclic economy is that the government should maintain the highest rate of subsidies to the first firm who is willing to developing the energy saving technology.
Numerical Simulation of Ozone Oxidation on Oily Wastewater
Authors: Zhu Meng Fu , Deng Cheng , You Xiu Dong , Su Hong Bo , Chen Ping
Published: August 2011

A simulation method was presented based on the theory analysis and ozone reaction equation. The preliminary mathematical models of ozonation correlative to oily pollutant removal were set up by numerical simulation. The ozonation models implied removal ratio of oil related to reaction time, ozone dosage and initial oil content. The simulation results were consistent with the experimental data.
Ecological Environment of Wetland Nature Reserve along the Yangtze River in Anqing and Economic Development Policies
Authors: Huang Min Yi , Duan Ren Yan , Wu Li Feng , Zhu Shan Shan , Li Xue
Published: August 2011

The wetland possesses very important environmental function and ecological benefits. Study on the Wetland Nature Reserve along the Yangtze River in Anqing has become a focus of academic community for its well nature. The resources and function of wetland along the Yangtze River in Anqing were analyzed and the dangers faced by the wetland from agricultural pollution, water conservancy, unreasonable fishery production, invasive species were discussed. In order to promote sustainable development of wetland resources and environment, the suggestions and policies about the protection for Anqing wetland resources and environment were proposed.
The Problem of H∞Control of a Class of Lurie Switched Time-Delay Systems
Authors: Mao Bei Xing , Zhao Hui
Published: August 2011

The problem ofcontrol of Lurie time-delays switched systems is investigated. Lyapunov functions is used to derive the sufficient conditions for the systemsabsolutely stable
Study on Mass Concentrations and Size Distribution of Particulate Material from Incense Burning in Temples
Authors: Wang Ming Shi , Qin Fan , Zhang Xiao
Published: August 2011

Ash samples were collected using eight classifications of atmospheric particulate matter sampler in two temples located in Jiaozuo city. Concentration of particles of different grain size was measured and analyzed. The results indicated that particulate mass concentration was significantly increased in the burning incense air. The maximum concentration of PM9.0 and PM2.1 were 9 times than that of the national air quality secondary standard (PM9.0:0.15mg/m3) and 13.5 times for American standard (PM2.1:0.065mg/m3), respectively. The size distributions of particles from incense burning overall showed “U” model. Range of size distribution of fine particles concentrated in 1.1~0.43µm, or the total 39.36%~50.14%.
The Chemical Composition and Sources of PM10 in Urban Road Dust
Authors: Jia Ya Hong , Peng Lin , Mu Ling
Published: August 2011

Samples of road dust were collected in Changzhi, Taiyuan and Jincheng in Shanxi Province, the characteristics of the chemical composition of fine particles (diameter ≤ 10μm)and the chemical profiles of road dust obtained from different cities were analyzed, the "double source apportion" technology was applied to identify the source of road dust . Results show that: the chemical profiles of road dust vary significantly in different regions, however, all contain a high percentage of Si, Ca, Al, TC and OC, with the highest content of Si; Road dust originates mainly from soil dust, smoke and dust from coal and cement dust, and their contributions to road dust are 50%,25% and 15% in Changzhi ,47%,26% and 20% in Taiyuan,48%,21% and 22% in Jincheng, respectively.
Influence of Various Factors on Arsenic Removal Using Ferruginous Manganese Ore
Authors: Huang Yong Bing , Wang Li Li , Tu Shu Xin , Liu Xiu Ying , Li Xiao Juan , Li Ye
Published: August 2011

This paper dealt with the influence of various factors on As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) removal using ferruginous manganese ore, including environmental factors (temperature, time, light, pH) and coexisting ions(HCO3-,CO32-,Cl-,HPO42-,SiO32-,SO42-,Mg2+,Ca2+,Fe3+). The comprehensive influence of various factors was also studied in orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the removal efficiency of As(Ⅲ) was up to 90.26%, while As(Ⅴ) was only 79.88%, under the conditions of that manganese ore dosage was 0.1000g per 50ml polluted water, reaction time was 1h, pH was 3.05, the concentration of arsenic was 204.45ug/l. Lower pH could achieve higher removal efficiency. Illumination was little beneficial to the removal efficiency. SiO32-, HPO42-, CO32- and HCO3- could reduce the efficiency, due to competitive adsorption and electrostatic repulsion. The results of orthogonal experiment indicated that SiO32- and HPO42- were the greatest competitors with arsenic for adsorptive sites on the manganese ore, while temperature and time had no significant effect on arsenic removal.
The Research of Ecological and Economic Benefits for Green Roof
Authors: Yan Bing
Published: August 2011

Green roofs are a passive cooling technique that stop incoming solar radiation from reaching the building structure below. Many studies have been conducted over the past 10 years to consider the potential building energy benefits of green roofs and shown that they can offer benefits in winter heating reduction as well as summer cooling.With review and summarized the description of its functional traits in our country, this paper discuss the necessity to carry out the research on the functional traits of green roofs, and gave some suggestions about how to do this.At last, we propose the estimate method for the cost of green roofs construction project and green roof’s economic value and ecological benefit.
Comparative Study of Dissolved Air Flotation and Sedimentation Process for Treating Reservoir Water with Low Temperature, Low Turbidity and High Natural Organic Matter
Authors: Zou Jing , Zhu Jun Tao , Pan Chao , Ma Jun
Published: August 2011

In this research, the dissolved air flotation (DAF) were tried to treat drinking water to replace traditional sedimentation technology. Experimental study of sedimentation process and DAF was carried out in a jet tester and a glass bubble column respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the indicators of water quality such as turbidity, chromaticity and CODMn after two processes decreased firstly and then increased with the PAC-dose increasing, and 7.41 mg Al L-1 was the optimum PAC dosage. Moreover, with the optimum PAC dosage, water quality after DAF proved much better than that after sedimentation process. As a result, DAF is a more effective technology to treat the reservoir water with low temperature, low turbidity and high NOM.
Asphalt Surface Course Structure Combination Design Based on Anti-Rut Performance for Very Long Uphill Expressway
Authors: Guan Hong Xin , Luo Zeng Jie , Zhang Qi Sen , Xu Yang
Published: August 2011

Rut disease and anti-rut performance of a 13km very long uphill expressway was studied, which indicates that standard rut testing methods and dynamic stability controlling standard values are not suitable for the very long uphill expressway. According to the study, the 52km very long continuous uphill expressway was divided into three sections based on the temperature and longitudinal slope condition. Many asphalt surface course combination structures were set for the three sections. Total-thickness rut tests were carried out for these combination structures at heavy loading, low speed and different temperature conditions with the developed Wheel Tracking Test equipment. A dynamic stability controlling standard value for the whole asphalt surface course of the 52km long uphill expressway was determined, and according to the dynamic stability controlling standard value, the optimal asphalt surface course combination structures were recommended for the three sections.
The Damage Test Research and Durability Predict of Songhuajiang Highway Bridge with Freeze-Thaw Condition
Authors: Song Zhan Ping , Ren Song Bo , Yuan Cheng Fang
Published: August 2011

Bridge engineering concrete’s Freeze-thaw damage is the main durability diseases which take place in the service process of north China. Aiming at the Songhuajiang Highway Bridge being located in the cold-warm alternant area, According to this environmental characteristics, a batch of concrete samples were made in the construction site by using Material and ratio of the Bridge’s practical construction, they were shipped back to the laboratory and then were used in freeze-thaw test and carbonization test under the influence of freeze-thaw. Obtained the dynamic elastic modulus and compressive strength variation regulation according to the freeze-thaw circles of the concrete specimens. Analyzed the relation between laboratory experiment and field atmospheric exposure test, the paper constructs the durability degradation appraising model and predicts the maintenance-free life of Songhuajiang Highway Bridge. It has important meaning for the maintenance and repair measures in the process of this bridge.
Pre-Grouting Treatment and Flow Numerical Simulation for the Landslide Area of Dalian Metro
Authors: Jiang Shu Ai , Jiang An Nan
Published: August 2011

The study discusses the simulation analysis based on the modflow software. Generalize body site, zone and boundary conditions of simulation, make a finite element model based on the geology of the Collapse of Lot 110 , Dalian Metro. Determine the accuracy of the simulation results based on the comparison between the test and the field measurement data. And then predict the flow of groundwater and the penetration. Base on the software simulation of the surface displacement and field observation wells pumping records, to calculate the water surface elevation and the elevation, the general trend of measuring is same and the values are ​​consistent. Prove the necessity of the injection that is used in the accident.
Advanced Treatment of Municipal Wastewater Effluent by Coagulation/Sedimentation and Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection
Authors: Cheng Li Hua , He Ai Hua , Bi Xue Jun , Wang Qi
Published: August 2011

Due to increasing water scarcity, reclamation and reuse of the secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plant are widely concerned in many countries. Before reuse, the residual contaminant in the secondary effluent should be further removed to guarantee safe reuse. Coagulation/sedimentation and subsequent chlorine dioxide(ClO2) disinfection was adopted for tertiary treatment of secondary effluent. Selection of coagulant and optimization of tertiary treatment parameters were performed in this study. The results showed that coagulation could remove turbidity and total phosphours(TP) effectively. Polyaluminium chloride(PAC) was the most suitable coagulant. The optimal coagulation condition was as follows: PAC dosage of 10mg/L(measured as Al3+), reaction time of 20 min, settling time of 40 min, in this case, the average removal rate of turbidity, color, UV254, TP and TOC could reach to 58.2%, 22.8%, 18.2%, 60.6% and 22.2%, respectively. ClO2could inactive bacteria andE. colieffectively. ClO2could further remove UV254, color and TOC. In case of ClO2dosage of 5mg/L, the sterilization efficiency could reach 100%, and the removal rate of UV254, color and TOC was higher than 25%, 70% and 25%, respectively. In the optimal condition, the removal efficiency of residual contaminant by the combination process was as follows: UV254of 45.9%, color of 76.5%, TOC of 66.7%, turbidity of 61.9% and TP of 96.3%.
Study on the Environmental Management of Watershed Distinction
Authors: Feng Hui Juan , Luo Hong
Published: August 2011

According to requirements of the natural and economic laws, the environmental management of watershed distinction is inevitable for improvement of watershed environmental management effect. In the paper, the Nine-division Principle is set forth, i.e. division by watershed, area, sequence, stage, type, grade, duty, right and policy through analysis of watershed distinction management in system theory and behavior economics, and of regional sub-characteristics of watershed in geographical elements, functions and economic developments. Under the guide of Nine-division principle, the idea on the environmental management of watershed distinction is reflected and implemented smoothly by dividing watershed environmental and economical function region, ways of optimizing the watershed environmental management, and creating conditions for implementation of environmental management of watershed distinction.
Research on Degradation of Persistent Organic Pollutants- Pentachlorophenol by Mechanochemical
Authors: Zhang Kai , Fei Qing Zhi , Li Ya Min
Published: August 2011

Pentachlorophenol (PCP), metallic oxide and ball-grinder medium steel beads are ground together in a ball-grinder under room temperature and pressure to degrade PCP. A AgNO3 standard solution was used to titrate the Cl--containing solution made from grinding product. The dechlorination rate used to show the degradation result of PCP was calculated through the amount of AgNO3 standard solution. The results show that dechlorination rate is increased with grinding time increasing, and the product shows a black hue after 2.5h grinding, which might be a sigh of elemental formation carbon; The bigger the CaO/PCP molar ratio is, the better the dechlorination rate is. With the molar ratio of 50:1,the dechlorination rate is over 90%, while 60:1 for almost 98%;
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Performance and Characteristics of a Sequencing Batch Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor
Authors: Guo Hai Yan , Feng Teng Teng , Liu Zhi Gang , Guo Zhen
Published: August 2011

Laboratory scale experiments were conducted to study the performance and characteristics of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal of a sequencing batch moving bed biofilm reactor (SBMBBR) with simple anaerobic/aerobic operating mode. Experimental results indicated that, under the operating condition of influent N concentration of 114 mg/L and P concentration of 12 mg/L, N and P removal efficiency reached 95% and 94% respectively under the conditions of influent COD/N (C/N) ratio of 2.8 to 4.0. Track studies of N, P and other operating parameters demonstrated that N removal was accomplished by anoxic denitrification during the filling and mixing stage and simultaneous nitriﬁcation and denitriﬁcation (SND) process in aerobic stage, while removal of P was realized through conventional phosphorus removal and denitrifying phosphorus removal processes.
The Optimization Strategy in the Design of Container Hostel Buildings
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Yang , Miao Lin
Published: August 2011

By demonstrating the economical efficiency and environmental friendliness of containers, this paper expatiates the development trend of China’s container buildings at the current stage. Researches and analysis have been conducted during the practice of container hostel virtual design by introducing the design essence of Unité d'Habitation de Marseille. This paper also proposes the low-carbon design strategy in container buildings and states the experimental analysis of wind environment in the container hostels.
Culture of Chlorella spp and Optimization of Growth Condition
Authors: Ji Xiang , Zhang Zhi Hui , Cai Lu
Published: August 2011

The growth condition of Chlorella spp was optimized to increase its biomass. Under the aseptic culture condition, major nutritional factors for Chlorella spp growth, such as Na2CO3, NaNO3, KH2PO4 and MgSO4 were optimized. Trace elements and pH value had a prominent influence on the growth of Chlorella. Optimized culture medium program was as follows: Na2CO3 0.02g/L, NaNO3 2.0g/L, KH2PO4 0.02g/L, MgSO4 0.1g/L and ambient conditions of pH value 6.0. The research could lay foundation for t the cultivation of Chlorella spp. on a large scale.
Research on the Consumer Demand of Decision Making in the E-Commence System Building Process
Authors: Xie Jian Min , Qin Qin
Published: August 2011

In the process of developing e-commerce system, enterprises are able to accurately understand and grasp the needs of the user enterprise that is the key to the successful implementation of e-commerce. Based on this, the article proposed a new method which was based on the process of developing consumer demand for e-business decision-making though a rough set theory. This new approach is built using rough set decision model to calculate the different needs of the impact on consumer satisfaction, come to an important degree of each demand and the demand reduction order. This method overcomes the traditional rough set method cumbersome bottlenecks, and helps operating; cases studies show that the proposed method is simple and effective.
Impact of Carbonate Hydroxylapatite (CHAP) Addition on Bio-Hydrogen Production from Microwave Pretreated Sludge
Authors: Guo Liang , Li Xiao Ming , Zhou Yi , She Zong Lian
Published: August 2011

In order to promote the hydrolysis and disintegration of waste sludge, the most logical approach is pretreatments to disrupt the microbial cells of sludge. After microwave pretreatments, the heavy metal which were toxicity to H2 production were released from waste sludge, and the increase rate was 10.6 (Cu), 5.5(Cd), 3.6(Zn) and 1.6 (Ni) times after pretreatment. Carbonate hydroxylapatite (CHAP) had high efficiency in heavy metal removal. In this study, the effect of heavy metal removal on bio-hydrogen production from microwave pretreated sludge using CHAP was evaluated. 0.53 g/gVSS CHAP addition could enhance the bio-hydrogen yield by 53.6% compared with control, and the lag time was 9 h. Dosages of CHAP couldinfluence the hydrolysis, fermentation type and hydrogen yield of pretreated sludge.
Distribution and Source of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ( PAHs) in Soils of XinLuo District, Longyan City
Authors: Zhang Ru Ping , Zhang Xia Hong , He Li Fang
Published: August 2011

The analytical method for the determination of trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental soil by ultrasonic assisted soxhlet extraction coupled with constant energy synchronous fluorescence spectrometry was described.The results indicated that were taken in Longyan City XinLuo District of soil containing 9 components: Benzo(k)fluorathene, Anthracene, Fluorathene, 1,12-benzoperylene, 2,3-benzanthracene, 1,2,5,6-dibenzo-anthracene, Fluorene, 2,3-Benzofluorene, Coronene and that the concentrations of PA Hs are in the range of 9.344~372.986 ng.g-1. Industrial area around the PAHs were relatively higher in concentration in the soil, non-industrial area around the PAHs increased with the increase of human activity increased.
Corrosion Behavior of Austenitic and Ferritic/martensitic Steels Exposed in Supercritical Water with Dissolved Oxygen
Authors: Zhang Nai Qiang , Bai Yang , Yuan Xiao Na , Li Bao Rang , Xu Hong
Published: August 2011

The corrosion behaviors of ferritic/martensitic steel P92, austenitic stainless steel TP347HFG and HR3C have been investigated in supercritical water (SCW) at 550°C under 25MPa with 2ppm dissolved oxygen. After 600h exposue, all the samples formed a stable oxide layer, but of varying thickness and microstructure. A typical dual-layered oxide film on P92 and a single-layered structure on TP347HFG and HR3C were observed by SEM and EDS. Further XRD studies indicated the compositions of oxide layers weren’t independent to the type of the used steel. In comparison with ferritic/martensitic steel, austenitic steel showed a higher corrosion resistance.
Effects of Potassium Permanganate Preoxidation Followed with Coagulation on the Fluorescence Spectrum of Algae
Authors: Xie Peng Chao , Fang Jing Yun , Ma Jun
Published: August 2011

This study was performed to illustrate the effects of preoxidation by potassium permanganate on the fluorescence spectrum of Microcysis aeruginosa, a kind of blue-green algae. The results showed there were four dominate excitation/emission (Ex/Em) wavelength pairs, 230/334, 280/312, 280/334 and 620/642 nm/nm in the fluorescence spectra of algae and their derived organic matters (AOM). Coagulation resulted in desorption of the organic matter adsorbed in algae cells and produced two new fluorophores centered at 275/460 and 400/460 nm/nm. Potassium permanganate preoxidation could reduce the fluorescence intensity of algae and dissolved algal organic matters effectively and the descent rate increased with increasing potassium permanganate dosage.
Study on Influence Factors to the Biomass Compression Process
Authors: Yin Yu Ting , Wang Lian Yong , Cai Jiu Ju
Published: August 2011

The principle of biomass briquetting, the advantages and disadvantages of biomass briquette machine and the current research status were introduced in this paper. The influence of the four factors biomass particle size, moisture, pressure and compression speed to formation density and compressive strength was summarized, by orthogonal test method. The results show that, the influence of biomass size to the formation density is largest and to the compressive strength is least. The biomass size in the range of<40 mesh is best. The influence of compressing speed to compressive strength is largest and to formation density is least. The speed about 60mm/min is best. The influence of biomass moisture content and pressure cannot be neglected, 15% and 10MPa are best in this paper.
Analysis on Migration and Transformation Law of Arsenic between Groundwater and Fishponds in the Northen Suburb Groundwater Source Field, Zhengzhou
Authors: Sun Ying Jie , Wang Gang , Lu Mou , Fu Bo , Chen Ying , Guo Qing Yuan
Published: August 2011

Based on the test results of the samples of groundwater, fishpond water, pond sediment and topsoil, analysis on migration and transformation laws of arsenic between them was executed. The SPSS statistical analysis software (V1.70) was used, in view to find out the influencing factors about migration and transformation of arsenic. It may be concluded that arsenic in groundwater was transferred to ponds through the irrigation supplies, which was adsorbed by the iron and manganese oxidation of fishpond sediment. As the changing of environment, the arsenite in the groundwater was transformed into arsenate in the fishpond water. The main factors of influencing the arsenic forms were pH、Eh、Fe and Mn in different environments. High pH and strong oxidation condition were conducive to the adsorption of arsenic in fishpond water, while low pH and strong reductive condition were conducive to the dissolution of
Distribution and Influencing Factors of Arsenic in Groundwater - Based on the Riverside Groundwater Source Field of some Northern City, China
Authors: Sun Ying Jie , Wang Gang , Lu Mou , Fu Bo , Chen Ying , Guo Qing Yuan
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the geological and anthropogenic aspects of As pollution in groundwater of Northern Suburb Groundwater Source Field in Zhengzhou, China. Based on the groundwater samples of 78 wells in the groundwater source field of some northern city in China, distribution and influencing factors of arsenic were analyzed. The results show that: in the horizontal direction, the arsenic concentration outside beach is higher than that inside; the arsenic concentration presents the regional and continual distribution in the east area and west area, respectively. The arsenic concentration was reduced along with the increase of depth in the vertical direction. Arsenic concentration has significantly correlations with pH, Fe, Mn, SO42- and the water level of Yellow River, respectively (r = 0.5011, 0.7302, 0.6231, -0.5222 and -0.7671), which are the primary influencing factors on the mobilization and transform of arsenic in the groundwater.
Analysis on Water Quality Change and Influence Factors in the Yitong River Basin
Authors: Bian Jian Min , Ma Hai Yan , Sun Xiao Qing
Published: August 2011

Using survey information about pollution sources and water quality monitoring data, water quality condition was analyzed systematically. The result displayed that water quality in the upper reach was obviously better than that in the middle-lower reaches. Water quality was Inferior Class V and showed worse trend, with serious excess of contents of DO, COD, CODMn, BOD5, NH3-N in the middle-lower reaches. Based on the water quality change trend, influence which affected water pollution possibly on land use, urban life and industry activities were discussed. As application rate and loss of fertilizers and content of NH3-N heightened with the increase of cultivated land area, rural activity was the major factor affecting water quality in village and town. Discharge of living pollution and industrial pollution led to water quality deterioration.
Calibrating the Equilibrium Urbanization Level under Constraint of the Resource and Environment
Authors: Liu Yao Bin , Zhuang Xiao Wen
Published: August 2011

According to China's typical dual-economic structure characteristics, the paper develops a general equilibrium model of urban-rural sectors through introducing the resource-environmental constraint. With the model, Jiangxi province of China is taken as a case to be calibrated, and the result shows that when the transfer level from rural population to urban sector is at a steady path, the equilibrium urbanization level z is 79.23%.
Seasonal Dynamics of Soil Microorganism in Zhalong Reed Wetland
Authors: Ma Ling , Liu Sheng Nan , Ding Xin Hua , Ma Wei
Published: August 2011

In this paper, the spatial distributions and seasonal dynamics of soil microbes and microbial biomass were investigated in a typical reed marsh in Zhalong natural wetlands.We wanted to explore the main factors that impacted their spatio-temporal patterns. The results showed that: Bacteria were dominant, followed by actinomyces and fungi were at least in the soil microbes community. The seasonal dynamics of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were more regularly, and their change patterns were significantly as "W" types. The response of soil microbial biomass in Bottom (10-30cm) to time was slower than the surface, and it fluctuated tinily in every months. The correlation analysis shows that the soil nutrient and soil microbial activity had close relationship. Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were all significantly positively correlated to quantities of fungus, organic carbon content and Alkali-hytrolyzabel N content(P<0.01), but negative extremely significantly correlated with pH (P<0.01).
Physical Properties and Thermal Performance of Calcined Sludge as Planting Substrate in Green Roofs
Authors: Lin Yi Jiung , Lin Hsien Te , Chou Chong Yi
Published: August 2011

Heat from solar radiation contributes to the high energy usage in Taiwan. Green roofs are well known efficient tools for heat insulation. Reservoir sedimentation is a serious problem in Taiwan. This paper studies reservoir sludge as planting substrate in green roofs to solve the problem of reservoirs, and to reduce the indoor heat translation from the roof. The six physical properties of calcined sludge particles are examined, and their thermal performance is evaluated.
Comparative Cases of Two Prominent Green Buildings in the World EXPO 2010 - Shanghai Case and London Case
Authors: Wang Ai Min
Published: August 2011

In terms of architectural insulation materials, recycled materials, clean energy technology, architectural ventilation technology, architectural tridimensional virescence and rainwater collection systems, the aim is to analyze Shanghai Case and London Case which are two permanent green buildings in the World EXPO 2010. Through site investigation, the results showed that these two cases are outstanding in terms of architectural materials and eco-technology for urban sustainable development.
Establishing a Assay for Detection of Nonylphenol Estrogenic Effects
Authors: Liu Yan Qun , Lu Xiong Bing
Published: August 2011

Environmental estrogen could mimic natural estrogens thereby disrupting the endocrine systems of human and animals. The actions of such endocrine disruptors have been studied mainly on reproduction and development. To explore the estrogenic effects of NP by reporter genebased assays we developed. pERE-GFP plamid was generated by inserting estrogen response element fragment into pGADD153-GFP. the recombinant was confirmed by restriction enzyme map and transfected into SPC-A1 cells to ensure the expression of green fluorescent protein．The assay we established in usful, NP could induce the estrogenic activities at any of the tested concentrations.
Modeling Branch Length of Larch Tree Using Linear Mixed-Effects Models
Authors: Zhang Rui , Jiang Li Chun , Li Feng Ri , Li Yao Xiang
Published: August 2011

In this study, the sample data was based on 2190 branch length samples of 30 trees from dahurian larch (Larix gmeliniiRupr.) plantations located in Wuying forest bureau in Heilongjiang Province. A second order polynomial equation with linear mixed-effects was used for modeling branch length of larch tree. The LME procedure in S-Plus is used to fit the mixed-effects models for the branch length data. The results showed that the polynomial model with three random parameters could significantly improve the model performance. The fitted mixed effects model was also evaluated using mean error, mean absolute error, mean percent error, and mean absolute percent error. The mixed model was found to predict branch length better than the original model fitted using ordinary least squares based on all errors. The application of mixed branch length model not only showed the mean trends of branch length, but also showed the individual difference based on variance-covariance structure.
Preparation of SCRUBBER Substitution in H2S Analyzer on-Line
Authors: Shi Yu Min
Published: August 2011

SCRUBBER substitution in on-line H2S analyzer was prepared as modified treatment molecular sieve in the media of some buffer solutions , by ionic of acetates exchanged in the solution. Results showed that this substitution was satisfied for H2S analyzer on-line, and better than America’s, with 99.9% of scrubbing SO2and 99.4% of transforming H2S.
Adsorption of Hexavalent Chrome in Wastewater by Peanut Shell
Authors: Zhao Xin , Hu Chao Yu , Yan Xu
Published: August 2011

In order to investigate the adsorption of hexavalent chrome in wastewater by peanut shell, the orthogonal test was designed to find the best adsorption conditions such as pH value, temperature, adsorption time and adsorbent dosage etc. The results show that the peanut shell is a kind of economic and efficient absorbent; hexavalent chrome removal rate can reach more than 85%, when the hexavalent chrome wastewater concentration is 30mg/L, dosing 1g peanut shells into 50mg wastewater, adjusting pH value to 2.0, adsorbing 300min at room temperature.
Study of Adsorbability of the Colloidal Particles from Different Stages of a Conventional Water Treatment Plant
Authors: Wang Na , Ma Jun
Published: August 2011

The adsorbability of colloidal particles from different stages of a conventional water treatment plant was studied with the assistance of micro-membrane filtration experiment. The microfiltration (MF) performance and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the foulants on membrane surface were investigated. The results showed that the particles in the ozonated water (OW) had the strongest adsorbability, and stronger than that in the clarified water (CW); and the particles in the sand filtrated water (SFW) had relatively weaker adsorbability than that in the raw water (RW). The particles in the sand filter backwash water (SFBW) were mainly consisted of detached aggregates and had weak attachment with the membrane surface.
Research on the Government Behavior in the Operation of Infrastructure Projects Based on BOT Mode
Authors: Zhao Jian Na , Li Xiang Nan
Published: August 2011

BOT is a new financing mode, which in the current is in the use of our infrastructure projects gradually. Infrastructure project in China has its own characteristics,and the government behavior in the running of these projects exists defects [1].By applicating the BOT mode in the infrastructure projects of China, combining the quantitative and the qualitative and analysis method, paper analyses the "defects" of the government behavior in the operation of infrastructure projects and optimize our government acts to reposition the role of government. According to the analysis and study of the thesis, paper puts forward the new government operating mode in the operation of the infrastructure projects that is not only applicable to the infrastructure construction, but also can be used extensively in other public project areas and in economic construction.
Gray Relevance Analysis of Scientific and Technological Input and Economic Growth of Hebei
Authors: Zhao Jian Na , Li Jing
Published: August 2011

According to the data related to infrastructure expenditure，project number and persons engaged in scientific and technological activities during 2003-2008 of Hebei，in addition to the gross domestic production(GDP),by using gray relevance analysis principle and method，this paper analyzes the relationship between scientific and technological input and economic growth and concludes that there is close relation between economic growth and scientific and technological input.Especially the project number has more effect on the GDP.The conclusion can provide some theoretical support forgovernment decision and some suggestions are also given.
Environmental Problems Related to Tunnel Constructions in Sulfide-Bearing Rocks
Authors: Ma Jian Qin
Published: August 2011

Although it is generally right that tunnel and underground structures are environment favorable, the practical situation strongly depends on the geochemical features of the rock mass to be excavated. When a tunnel is built in sulfide-bearing rocks, it is analogical to the environmental impact related to mining activities. This paper presents the features of the environmental problems related to tunnel construction in sulfide-bearing rocks and the measures to cope with the problems. It is shown that more effective options are available earlier in the tunnel life, especially at the stages of feasibility and design of a tunnel project.
Discharge Plasma for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater
Authors: Gao Ai Hua , Yang Shui Jiao , Hu Shang Bin , He Xiao Qing , Lu Zhi Guo
Published: August 2011

The treatment of industrial wastewaters collected from petrochemical works, gypsum plant, and printing and dyeing mill, was investigated at atmospheric pressure in air discharge plasma. The degradation effects of organic contaminants in water were compared for the printing and dyeing wastewater under different discharging conditions and for the wastewater from the other two plants under the same discharging conditions. The influences of several factors on chemical oxygen demand (COD) remove rate were studied experimentally. The results showed that the treatment effects for the same industrial wastewater differed significant under different discharge conditions. There may be a suitable discharge plasma treatment to specific industrial wastewater. Due to the removal rates of COD of industrial wastewaters with discharge plasma isn’t very high, therefore the discharge plasma water treating needs to combine conventional water treating methods or addition other catalyst to effectively remove organic pollutants in wastewater and obtain the expected treatment effect.
Effect of Air Temperature and Humidity near the Ground under Moisture Conserving Irrigation of Straw Mulch
Authors: Wei Xin Dong , Yun Xue Feng , Wang You Ke
Published: August 2011

Based on the monitoring and analysis of field experiments, used the advanced auto-monitoring instruments, we studied the effect of air temperature and humidity near the ground under moisture conserving irrigation(MCI) of Straw Mulch in maize field. The result showed that the air temperature and humidity near the ground could be decreased and increased separately. The relationship between the air temperature and humidity near the ground can be expressed by Index equation. The view of this study is to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the technology of MCI of straw mulch.
Research on Human and Vehicles Coordination Evacuation Simulation Optimization Method under Emergency Incidents
Authors: Ma Yun Long , Wang Jian
Published: August 2011

Among researches on crowd flow evacuation under emergency, there are no deep touch of coordinating evacuation strategy of crowd and traffic, and also can not set models and simulate the whole picture of evacuation. The purpose of this research is to realize the coordinating evacuation of both traffic and crowd. The author divided the situations into Not Intervene and May Intervene, analyzed the coordination system and probed the model of coordinating evacuation. A series of coordinate evacuation method has been put forward based on swarm intelligence and simulation optimization. Based on the result of crowd simulation and Ant colony algorithm, in order to find the optimal traffic evacuation proposal, the author took use of the improved Genetic Algorithm as well as the distributed coordinating simulation, finally found a systematic optimal scheduling program. Also the internal regular pattern of coordinating evacuation has also been revealed. All these will provide support for emergency planning and decision making.
Type, Characteristics and Distribution of Typical Areas of Contaminated Sites in China
Authors: Zhao Qian , Zhang Huan Zhen , Li Fei
Published: August 2011

With the world economic development, environmental pollution caused by contaminated sites has become a focused problem in the world. The backward remediation and management of contaminated sites in China make this problem more prominent. Based on the generalized understanding of "contaminated sites", the paper analyzed contaminated sites information and summarized types, characteristics and distribution of typical areas in China according to category.