bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the rhetoric of climate science debates
Authors: Walsh Lynda
Published: December 2016

Scientists and policymakers alike frequently call for the elimination of rhetoric from discussions of climate science. These calls betray some fundamental misunderstandings about the 2500‐year‐old art of rhetoric. Once these are dispelled, it becomes apparent that what we need for effective climate‐science debate is not less rhetoric but more: that is, more sensitivity to the political frame within which every debate takes place and how that frame shapes deliberation; more awareness of the unstated values and assumptions supporting statements made on all sides; more ways to link climate to stakeholders’ daily lives, values, and decisions. This article briefly introduces readers to the history and theory of rhetoric for two purposes: (1) explaining the various and sometimes contradictory ways in which this ancient discipline shapes the communication of climate science and (2) providing readers with a few simple but powerful tools for coping with climate debates. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e452. doi: 10.1002/wcc.452

This article is categorized under:

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
The need to build policy literacy into climate science education
Authors: Selin Noelle E. , Stokes Leah C. , Susskind Lawrence E.
Published: December 2016

An increased focus on ‘policy literacy’ for climate scientists, parallel to ‘science literacy’ for the public, is a critical need in closing the science–society gap in addressing climate mitigation. We define policy literacy as the knowledge and understanding of societal and decision‐making contexts required for conducting and communicating scientific research in ways that contribute to societal well‐being. We argue that current graduate education for climate scientists falls short in providing policy literacy. We identify resources and propose approaches to remedy this, arguing that policy literacy education needs to be mainstreamed into climate science curricula. Based on our experience training science students in global environmental policy, we propose that policy literacy modules be developed for application in climate science curricula, including simulations, case studies, or hands‐on policy experiences. The most effective policy literacy modules on climate change will be hands‐on, comprehensive, and embedded into scientific education. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e455. doi: 10.1002/wcc.455

This article is categorized under:

The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Policies, Instruments, Lifestyles, Behavior

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Research Participants’ Preferences for Hypothetical Secondary Results from Genomic Research
Authors: Wynn Julia , Martinez Josue , Duong Jimmy , Chiuzan Codruta , Phelan Jo C. , Fyer Abby , Klitzman Robert L. , Appelbaum Paul S. , Chung Wendy K.
Published: December 2016

Secondary or incidental results can be identified in genomic research that increasingly uses whole exome/genome sequencing. Understanding research participants’ preferences for secondary results and what influences these decisions is important for patient education, counseling, and consent, and for the development of policies regarding return of secondary results. Two hundred nineteen research participants enrolled in genomic studies were surveyed regarding hypothetical preferences for specific types of secondary results, and these preferences were correlated with demographic information and psychosocial data. The majority of research participants (73%) indicated a preference to learn about all results offered, with no clear pattern regarding which results were not desired by the remaining participants. Participants who reported greater interest in genetic privacy were less likely to indicate a preference to learn all results, as were individuals who self‐identified as Jewish. Although most research participants preferred to receive all secondary results offered, a significant subset preferred to exclude some results, suggesting that an all‐or‐none policy would not be ideal for all participants. The correlations between preferences to receive secondary results, religious identification, and privacy concerns demonstrate the need for culturally sensitive counseling and educational materials accessible to all education levels to allow participants to make the best choices for themselves.
Schizotypal and affective traits in the offspring of antenatally depressed mothers – Relationship to family history of psychosis in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort
Authors: Taka-Eilola (née Riekki) T. , Miettunen J. , Mäki P.
Published: December 2016

Background

Maternal depression is relatively common during pregnancy. However, follow-ups of the adult offspring of antenatally depressed mothers are scarce. Previously we found the risk of schizophrenia to be higher in the adult offspring with antenatally depressed mothers and parents with psychosis than in subjects with only one or neither of these risk factors. The aim was to study whether the risk of schizotypal or affective traits differ among adult offspring with antenatally depressed mothers with or without a parental history of psychosis when compared with offspring without antenatally depressed mothers and without parental psychosis.

Methods

In the general population-based Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (NFBC 1966), the mothers of the cohort members were asked at mid-gestation whether they felt depressed. Parental psychosis (Familial Risk, FR) was detected using the Finnish Care Register for Health Care. In the 31-year field study, seven psychometric questionnaires surveyed schizotypal and affective traits in the offspring. The final sample included 4928 individuals (2203 males).

Results

There were no statistically significant differences in mean scores on the schizotypal and affective scales between offspring with and without antenatally depressed mothers, or between subjects with and without parental psychosis. The scores were not highest in the subjects with both maternal antenatal depressed mood and FR.

Conclusion

Surprisingly, maternal depressed mood during pregnancy was unlikely to increase the risk of schizotypy or affective traits in adult offspring, and not even with parental psychosis (FR) in this general population-based birth cohort with about 5000 subjects.
Why I-O Journals Do Not Publish Qualitative Work
Authors: Fichman Mark
Published: December 2016

Pratt and Bonaccio (2016) ask why there is very little qualitative research published in “top [industrial–organizational] I-O” journals, such as the Journal of Applied Psychology (JAP), Personnel Psychology (PP), or Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes (OBHDP). They propose better training, placing skilled qualitative researchers on editorial boards, and “dispelling” myths related to qualitative research as a way to begin changing this situation. Even if these I-O journals explicitly invite qualitative work for its own sake, I do not think the steps Pratt and Bonaccio propose will have the intended effect, however valuable they may be in other respects.
Journal Guidelines for Qualitative Research? A Balancing Act That Might Be Worth It
Authors: Wilhelmy Annika
Published: December 2016

I agree with and expand on Pratt and Bonaccio's (2016) view that in order to facilitate the use of qualitative research in our field, we need more guidance for industrial–organizational (I-O) researchers in terms of training, best practice articles, and criteria for evaluating research quality. Fortunately, the interest in and openness to qualitative research is slowly but steadily growing in our field, something that is reflected in small but increasing numbers of publications and best practice articles (Bluhm, Harman, Lee, & Mitchell, 2011; Smith, Madden, & Ashmos Plowman, 2015). To give an example, the Journal of Applied Psychology (JAP), a journal not well known for publishing qualitative research, has recently published a qualitative article written by my colleagues and me (Wilhelmy, Kleinmann, König, Melchers, & Truxillo, 2016).
Qualitative I-O Psychology: A View From Europe
Authors: Symon Gillian , Cassell Catherine
Published: December 2016

Pratt and Bonaccio's (2016) article is oriented to the position of qualitative research in U.S. industrial–organizational (I-O) psychology, although brief reference is made to innovations in the UK psychology field. As European work and organizational (W/O) psychologists who have championed the use of qualitative research in our field for the last 25 years, we share Pratt and Bonaccio's concerns about the lack of qualitative research in what are described as the “top” I-O psychology journals, and we agree that this situation is detrimental to the development of the discipline in many ways (see Cassell & Symon, 2006, for further discussion). Here we want to present a European perspective on this issue, which sheds some light on why qualitative research may be more accepted in European W/O psychology but also highlights the power relations that tend, even in Europe, to maintain it in a rather second rate position. Our intention is to engage in a process of mutual learning across the American and European situations.
Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Doctoral Education: A Case Study
Authors: Bickmeier Robert M. , Rogelberg Steven G. , Berka Gregory C.
Published: December 2016

We were honored and flattered to be recognized in the feature article for our commitment to qualitative methods training. As an interdisciplinary program focused on organizational science, we strive not to privilege one form of training, thought, or inquiry over another. We recognize that a number of the problems and questions faced by organizational scholars and practitioners cannot adequately be addressed solely by a single discipline or method. Instead, we emphasize the synergy between different methods and modes of thought. Ultimately, our philosophy is that organizational phenomena are inherently interdisciplinary, thus training should reflect that. Our students are trained in industrial–organizational (I-O) psychology, management, organizational sociology, and organizational communication. We use this commentary as an opportunity to explain why our program values qualitative methods equally with quantitative methods, describe how we integrate that training, highlight a few success stories resulting from qualitative projects in our program, and then share some advice to other programs considering additional qualitative training.
Don't Give Up on the Self Too Quickly
Authors: Taylor Scott N.
Published: December 2016

Bracken, Rose, and Church (2016) call for less self- versus other research. They say that self-ratings versus non-self-ratings research (often referred to as self–other agreement research, or SOA) is not particularly helpful and that self-ratings’ primary purpose is to serve as a “reflection point for individuals receiving feedback” (Bracken, Rose, & Church, p. 785). It is true that SOA research has played a dominant role with 360° feedback for many years (for a review, see Fleenor, Smither, Atwater, Braddy, & Sturm, 2010), but the value we can draw from the self through 360° feedback remains terrain largely unexplored.
How do we die?
Authors: Stabile Bonnie , Grant Aubrey
Published: December 2016

Within the next two decades, the elderly population in the United States will reach its zenith, comprising 73 million individuals, 20 percent of the nation, the baby boomers’ final surge. The process of their dying may become contentious. Should policymakers and bioethicists be satisfied with our current approach to dying, or should they begin now to reconceptualize it? We distill end-of-life discussions in the bioethics literature and popular press, paying particular attention to physician-assisted suicide and its uptake where legal. Evidence so far indicates that few of the dying opt for this alternative, suggesting that its role in assuring “death with dignity” cannot be, as may have been hoped, a leading one. The end-of-life literature on the whole lends credence to the fear that most of the dying, along with their families and physicians, will muddle through a morass of uncoordinated options, with futile medical intervention the most prominent outcome — despite more palliative strategies, such as home hospice care, being favorably described. We found no reason to recommend persistence in our current approach to dying and found good reason to urge early, conscientious, and thoroughgoing reconceptualization in policy and practice as well as in theory.
Late Chronology in Hualfín Valley (Catamarca, Argentina): A Revision from 14C Dating
Authors: Wynveldt Federico , Balesta Bárbara , Iucci María Emilia , Valencia Celeste , Lorenzo Gabriela
Published: December 2016

This article addresses chronological problems about archaeological sites traditionally associated with the Belén culture from Hualfín Valley (Catamarca, Argentina), analyzing background research, radiocarbon dates obtained by A Rex González before 1970, and 14C dates made since 1996. First, we critically review the chronological sequence built by González for Belén sites, which include the Late period (AD 1100–1480) and Inca period (AD 1480–1536), subdivided into three phases. Methodological problems that could affect results of the first 14C dates are discussed. Based on this review, we present new 14C dating considering extraction contexts, types of samples, calibration curve data used, the laboratory where each date was obtained, and their methods of measuring, characteristics of sites of origin, and associated archaeological material. Finally, using calibrated ranges and Bayesian models, we suggest groups of events that would correspond to different times in the history of late occupations in the valley.
Nilpotent, Algebraic and Quasi-Regular Elements in Rings and Algebras
Authors: Stopar Nik
Published: December 2016

We prove that an integral Jacobson radical ring is always nil, which extends a well-known result from algebras over fields to rings. As a consequence we show that if every element x of a ring R is a zero of some polynomial px with integer coefficients, such that px(1) = 1, then R is a nil ring. With these results we are able to give new characterizations of the upper nilradical of a ring and a new class of rings that satisfy the Köthe conjecture: namely, the integral rings.
Theorems of the Phragmén–Lindelöf Type for Subfunctions in a Cone
Authors: Qiao Lei , Pan Guoshuang
Published: December 2016

Our first aim in this paper is to deal with the maximum principle for subfunctions in an arbitrary unbounded domain. As an application, we next give a result concerning the classical Phragmén–Lindelöf theorem for subfunctions in a cone. For a subfunction defined in a cone that is dominated on the boundary by a certain function, we finally generalize the Phragmén–Lindelöf type theorem by making a generalized harmonic majorant of it.
American Monsters: Tabloid Media and the Satanic Panic, 1970–2000
Authors: HUGHES SARAH
Published: December 2016

“American Monsters” analyzes the satanic panic, an episode of national hysteria that dominated the media throughout the 1980s. It involved hundreds of accusations that devil-worshipping pedophiles were operating America's white middle-class suburban daycare centers. Communities around the country became embroiled in trials against center owners, the most publicized of which was the McMartin Preschool trial in Manhattan Beach, California, still the longest and most expensive criminal trial in the nation's history. This article explores how the panic both reflected and shaped a cultural climate dominated by the overlapping worldviews of politically active conservatives. Their ideology was incorporated into the panic and reinforced through tabloid media. Infotainment expanded dramatically in the 1980s, selling conservative-defined threats as news. The panic unfolded mostly through infotainment, lending appeal to subgenres like talk shows. In the 1990s, judges overturned the life sentences of defendants in most major cases, and several prominent journalists and lawyers condemned the phenomenon as a witch hunt. They analyzed it as a powerful delusion, or what contemporary cultural theorist Jean Baudrillard termed a “hyperreality,” in which audiences confuse the media universe for real life. Integral to the development, influence, and success of tabloid television, the panic was a manifestation of the hyperreal.
THE RETURNS OF FAMILY PLANNING: MACRO-LEVEL ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF CONTRACEPTIVE USE ON WOMEN’S ANAEMIA AND CHILDHOOD UNDERNUTRITION
Authors: Rana MD Juel , Goli Srinivas
Published: December 2016

This study investigated the effect of family planning on the levels of women’s anaemia and child undernutrition at the aggregate level using the compiled databases of the World Bank, UNICEF and the Economist Intelligence Unit. Correlation scatter matrix plots and multivariate OLS regression models were employed to assess the effect of family planning on women’s anaemia and child nutritional status across countries. At the aggregate level, the bivariate correlation estimates found that the Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) was negatively associated with women’s anaemia (r=−0.62, p<0.01), child underweight (r=−0.57, p<0.01) and child stunting (r=−0.63, p<0.01). The results of the OLS regression showed that the independent effect of CPR on women’s anaemia (β=−0.35, p<0.01), child underweight (β=−0.13, p<0.01) and child stunting (β=−0.18, p<0.05) was negative, even after controlling for child marriage, female literacy, per capita GDP, poverty ratio, health expenditure and food security. The synthesis of these findings with the existing literature based on micro-data suggests pathways through which family planning influences the nutritional status of women and children. Family planning helps in avoiding shorter birth intervals, unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion, which would otherwise result in nutrient depletion among mothers and further increase the risk of undernutrition in their children.
Creative Destruction and Asset Prices
Authors: Grammig Joachim , Jank Stephan
Published: December 2016

We relate Schumpeter’s notion of creative destruction to asset pricing, thereby offering a novel explanation of size and value premia. We argue that small-value firms must offer higher expected returns to compensate for the risk posed by serendipitous invention activity, whereas large-growth stocks provide protection against creative destruction and receive expected return discounts. A 2-factor model that accounts for creative-destruction risk effectively explains the cross-sectional return variation of size- and book-to-market-sorted portfolios. The estimated risk compensations associated with creative destruction are substantial and statistically significant, indicating their relevance for asset pricing.
Continuing Overreaction and Stock Return Predictability
Authors: Byun Suk Joon , Lim Sonya S. , Yun Sang Hyun
Published: December 2016

We study the return predictability of a measure of continuing overreaction based on the weighted average of signed volumes. We find that the strategies of buying stocks with upward continuing overreaction and selling stocks with downward continuing overreaction generate significant positive returns and that our measure of continuing overreaction is a better predictor of future returns than past returns. The results are stronger among stocks primarily held by investors more prone to biased self-attribution. Our results provide direct support for the model of return predictability based on overconfidence and biased self-attribution.
Horizon Pricing
Authors: Kamara Avraham , Korajczyk Robert A. , Lou Xiaoxia , Sadka Ronnie
Published: December 2016

The literature documents heterogeneity in the delay of stock price reaction to systematic shocks, implying that asset risk depends on investment horizon. We study the pricing of risk factors across investment horizons. Value (liquidity) risk is priced over intermediate (short) horizons. Conditioning horizon-factor exposures on firm characteristics indicates that characteristics, with the exception of momentum, are not priced beyond their contribution to systematic risk. Long-horizon institutional investors overweight assets with high intermediate-horizon exposures to value risk and high short-horizon exposures to liquidity risk. The results highlight the importance of investment horizon in determining risk premia.
Urban Agglomeration and CEO Compensation
Authors: Francis Bill B. , Hasan Iftekhar , John Kose , Waisman Maya
Published: December 2016

We examine the relation between the agglomeration of firms around big cities and
chief executive officer (CEO) compensation. We find a positive relation among the
metropolitan size of a firm’s headquarters, the total and equity portion
of its CEO’s pay, and the quality of CEO educational attainment. We also
find that CEOs gradually increase their human capital in major metropolitan areas and
are rewarded for this upon relocation to smaller cities. Taken together, the results
suggest that urban agglomeration reflects local network spillovers and faster
learning of skilled individuals, for which firms are willing to pay a premium and
which are therefore important factors in CEO compensation.
Expression of maspin in invasive fungal rhinosinusitis
Authors: Huang Y D , Yu H W , Xia S W , Kang Z H , He Y S , Han D Y
Published: December 2016

Objective:

This study aimed to test the expression of maspin in invasive fungal rhinosinusitis and explore its value in diagnosing invasive fungal rhinosinusitis.

Methods:

Forty-two fungal rhinosinusitis cases (12 invasive and 30 non-invasive) were selected as the experimental group, and 30 chronic rhinosinusitis cases comprised the control group. Maspin expression was assessed in nasal mucous membrane specimens by immunohistochemical staining.

Results:

Compared with the control group, maspin expression was down-regulated in the fungal rhinosinusitis group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the staining score for maspin was lowest in the invasive fungal rhinosinusitis group, as compared with both the non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis group and the control group (p < 0.05). A maspin staining score of 5.70 was the critical value for diagnosis of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, with sensitivity and specificity of 91.7 per cent and 88.3 per cent, respectively.

Conclusion:

The results of this study suggest that the maspin staining score may be a biomarker for effective and rapid diagnosis of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis.
Two new grey whale call types detected on bioacoustic tags
Authors: López-Urbán Anaid , Thode Aaron , Durán Carmen Bazúa , UrbáN-R Jorge , Swartz Steven
Published: December 2016

Between 2008 and 2010, 27 acoustic tags were applied to various age and reproductive classes of grey whales in Laguna San Ignacio, Mexico, a part of the Biosphere Reserve ‘El Vizcaino’. Besides previously described S1 and S3 calls, two additional calls were identified: the impulsive S8 call and the slightly frequency-modulated S9 call. These two additional S8 and S9 calls are by far the most common grey whale sounds detected on tags, even though contemporary bottom-mounted acoustic recordings also collected from the lagoon in 2008 yielded no S8 or S9 calls. The new S8 and old S3 calls display similar spectral maxima, even though the S3 is a frequency-modulated harmonic call and the S8 is a broadband impulsive call. This spectral analysis provides evidence that these new call types are not artefacts arising from mechanical vibration or flow noise.
Positive psychology constructs as predictors of depression in retirees
Authors: ALLENDEN NICOLE , BOMAN PETER , MERGLER AMANDA , FURLONG MICHAEL J.
Published: December 2016

This study investigated whether five positive psychological constructs (self-efficacy, gratitude, grit, hope and optimism) had a combined effect on levels of depression. The co-occurrence of these psychological factors, defined as an example of covitality, was examined in relation to predicting lower levels of depression. Participants were 278 retirees living in Brisbane, Australia. Each participant completed either an online or hard-copy self-report, related to positive psychological functioning. A standard multiple regression found that self-efficacy, grit, optimism and hope were individually all significant predictors of depression (small effect sizes); however, the combinatorial relation of all these four factors with depression was substantial (R2= 0.34; large effect size). Gratitude was not a significant predictor. While no causality can be inferred from this cross-sectional study, having a combination of positive psychological factors might have an effect on levels of depression in retirement.
Living arrangements and health at older ages in rural Malawi
Authors: KENDALL JACOB , ANGLEWICZ PHILIP
Published: December 2016

Sub-Saharan Africa's older population is projected to nearly double in size by 2030. At the same time, demographic changes have caused major shifts in the units primarily responsible for the care of older adults: the family and household. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between household composition and health at older ages in rural Malawi. We use data from the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health, which contains detailed information on household and family structure, along with measures of mental and physical health (from the Short Form-12). We focus on several measures of living arrangements that are expected to be associated with health: overall household size, sex composition and kin structure (based on co-residence with offspring and grandchildren). Results show that: (a) older women who co-reside with offspring have better mental and physical health compared to those living only with grandchildren; (b) older men who live in larger households or in households with a higher proportion of females have better physical health.
The Anglicisation of word formations: cross-linguistic blends in Spanish
Authors: Roig-Marín Amanda
Published: December 2016

Whereas the influence of English in form of Anglicisms has attracted considerable attention, little has been written on how English is interacting with autochthonous word-formation processes in modern languages. The present paper attempts to shed some light on a phenomenon that has been very recently attested in Spanish: the coinage of blend words involving overlap and combination of material from both English and the recipient language (in this case Spanish). I argue that thesead hocwords give us important insights into the state and status of English in what Kachru (1982) called the ‘Expanding Circle’.
Emergence of an extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing serotype K1 Klebsiella pneumoniae ST23 strain from Asian countries
Authors: CHEONG H. S. , CHUNG D. R. , PARK M. , KIM S. H. , KO K. S. , HA Y. E. , KANG C. I. , PECK K. R. , SONG J. H.
Published: December 2016

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production has been very rare in serotype K1 Klebsiella pneumoniae ST23 strains, which are well-known invasive community strains. Among 92 ESBL-producing strains identified in 218 isolates from nine Asian countries, serotype K1 K. pneumoniae strains were screened. Two ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates from Singapore and Indonesia were determined to be serotype K1 and ST23. Their plasmids, which contain CTX-M-15 genes, are transferable rendering the effective transfer of ESBL resistance plasmids to other organisms.
Examining bidirectional relationships between parenting and child maladjustment in youth with autism spectrum disorder: A 9-year longitudinal study
Authors: Dieleman Lisa M. , De Pauw Sarah S. W. , Soenens Bart , Beyers Wim , Prinzie Peter
Published: December 2016

Longitudinal bidirectional effects between parents and children are usually studied in samples of typically developing children, but remain understudied in families with a child with autism spectrum disorder. This three-wave longitudinal study examined how parents and children with autism spectrum disorder influence one another, relying on parent reports of parenting behaviors and children's problem behaviors across 9 years, in a sample of 139 youngsters (M age Time 1 = 10.2 years, 83% boys). Cross-lagged analyses indicated that children's externalizing problems at Time 1 predicted negative controlling parenting 6 years later (Time 2) that in turn predicted externalizing problems 3 years later (Time 3). Negative parental control at Time 1 also increased the risk for internalizing problems at Time 2. It was surprising that externalizing problems at Time 2 also predicted positive parental involvement at Time 3. Thus, although results indicate that externalizing problems generally elicit maladaptive reactions in parents, this study also suggests that parents adjust their way of reacting to externalizing child problems as their child reaches adolescence/emerging adulthood. Implications for future research on parenting dynamics in families with a child with autism spectrum disorder are discussed.
The interaction between monoamine oxidase A and punitive discipline in the development of antisocial behavior: Mediation by maladaptive social information processing
Authors: Galán Chardée A. , Choe Daniel Ewon , Forbes Erika E. , Shaw Daniel S.
Published: December 2016

Previous studies demonstrate that boys' monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genotype interacts with adverse rearing environments in early childhood, including punitive discipline, to predict later antisocial behavior. Yet the mechanisms by whichMAOAand punitive parenting interact during childhood to amplify risk for antisocial behavior are not well understood. In the present study, hostile attributional bias and aggressive response generation during middle childhood, salient aspects of maladaptive social information processing, were tested as possible mediators of this relation in a sample of 187 low-income men followed prospectively from infancy into early adulthood. Given racial–ethnic variation inMAOAallele frequencies, analyses were conducted separately by race. In both African American and Caucasian men, those with the low-activityMAOAallele who experienced more punitive discipline at age 1.5 generated more aggressive responses to perceived threat at age 10 relative to men with the high-activity variant. In the African American subsample only, formal mediation analyses indicated a marginally significant indirect effect of maternal punitiveness on adult arrest records via aggressive response generation in middle childhood. The findings suggest that maladaptive social information processing may be an important mechanism underlying the association betweenMAOA× Parenting interactions and antisocial behavior in early adulthood. The present study extends previous work in the field by demonstrating thatMAOAand harsh parenting assessed in early childhood interact to not only predict antisocial behavior in early adulthood, but also predict social information processing, a well-established social–cognitive correlate of antisocial behavior.
Decreased lymphocyte dopamine transporter in romantic lovers
Authors: Marazziti Donatella , Baroni Stefano , Giannaccini Gino , Piccinni Armando , Mucci Federico , Catena-Dell’Osso Mario , Rutigliano Grazia , Massimetti Gabriele , Dell’Osso Liliana
Published: December 2016

Objective

The role of dopamine (DA) in romantic love is suggested by different evidence and is supported by the findings of some brain imaging studies. The DA transporter (DAT) is a key structure in regulating the concentration of the neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft. Given the presence of DAT in blood cells, the present study aimed to explore it in resting lymphocytes of 30 healthy subjects of both sexes in the early stage of romantic love (no longer than 6 months), as compared with 30 subjects involved in a long-lasting relationship.

Methods

All subjects had no physical or psychiatric illness. The DAT was measured by means of the [3H]-WIN 35,428 binding and the [3H]-DA reuptake to resting lymphocytes membranes. Romantic love was assessed by a specific questionnaire developed by us.

Results

The results showed that the subjects in the early phase of romantic love had a global alteration of the lymphocyte DAT involving both a decreased number of proteins (Bmax) and a reduced functionality (Vmax).

Conclusions

Taken together, these findings would indicate the presence of increased levels of DA in romantic love that, if paralleled by similar concentrations in the brain, would explain some peculiar features of this human feeling.
Mixed features in bipolar disorder
Authors: Solé Eva , Garriga Marina , Valentí Marc , Vieta Eduard
Published: December 2016

Mixed affective states, defined as the coexistence of depressive and manic symptoms, are complex presentations of manic-depressive illness that represent a challenge for clinicians at the levels of diagnosis, classification, and pharmacological treatment. The evidence shows that patients with bipolar disorder who have manic/hypomanic or depressive episodes with mixed features tend to have a more severe form of bipolar disorder along with a worse course of illness and higher rates of comorbid conditions than those with non-mixed presentations. In the updated Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5), the definition of “mixed episode” has been removed, and subthreshold nonoverlapping symptoms of the opposite pole are captured using a “with mixed features” specifier applied to manic, hypomanic, and major depressive episodes. However, the list of symptoms proposed in the DSM–5 specifier has been widely criticized, because it includes typical manic symptoms (such as elevated mood and grandiosity) that are rare among patients with mixed depression, while excluding symptoms (such as irritability, psychomotor agitation, and distractibility) that are frequently reported in these patients. With the new classification, mixed depressive episodes are three times more common in bipolar II compared with unipolar depression, which partly contributes to the increased risk of suicide observed in bipolar depression compared to unipolar depression. Therefore, a specific diagnostic category would imply an increased diagnostic sensitivity, would help to foster early identification of symptoms and ensure specific treatment, as well as play a role in suicide prevention in this population.
Enhancement of dwarf wheat germplasm with high-yield potential derived from induced mutagenesis
Authors: Xiong Hongchun , Guo Huijun , Xie Yongdun , Zhao Linshu , Gu Jiayu , Zhao Shirong , Li Junhui , Liu Luxiang
Published: December 2016

The dwarfing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding has promoted a dramatic increase in yields. Since the utilized dwarfing genes in wheat are very limited, identification of novel dwarfing genes is necessary for improving the genetic diversity of wheat. In this study, more than 300 dwarfing wheat lines from induced mutation were screened by kompetitive allele-specific PCR and gibberellin (GA) treatment. The 17.49% of Rht-D1b and 1.37% of Rht-B1b dwarfing mutants were identified in this mutant group. Additionally, Rht-D1b mutants showed more effective in reduction of plant height and higher 1000-grain weight comparing with that of Rht-B1b mutants. By combing with comparison of yield components and expression profile of GA biosynthetic genes with wild-type, the GA-responsive mutant dm15 without directly involvement in GA metabolism, significantly increased 1000-grain weight but no change of other yield components in two locations of field experiments. Meanwhile, another elite mutant dm11 with change of GA biosynthetic genes expression was also identified. These mutants will be promising candidates for dwarfing wheat breeding.
Award Highlights Need to Preserve Historic Geoscience Data
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: December 2016

The award raises awareness about the importance of preserving and having access to research data, and it showcases a diversity of initiatives to recover and reuse older research data.
The protein level and transcription activity of activating transcription factor 1 is regulated by prolyl isomerase Pin1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression
Authors: Huang Guo-Liang , Liao Dan , Chen Hua , Lu Yan , Chen Liyong , Li Huahui , Li Binbin , Liu Weilong , Ye Caiguo , Li Tong , Zhu Zhu , Wang Jian , Uchida Takafumi , Zou Ying , Dong Zigang , He Zhiwei
Published: December 2016

The function of activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) and the mechanism about why ATF1 was over-phosphorylated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) progression is completely undiscovered. In this study, a series of experiments both in vitro and in vivo were used to characterize a promotive function of ATF1 in NPC tumorigenesis and identify prolyl isomerase Pin1 as a novel regulator of ATF1 at post-transcription. First, we found that overexpression of ATF1 promoted colony formation in NPC. However, the high protein level of ATF1 in NPC was not resulted from high mRNA level. Then, a direct interaction between Pin1 and ATF1 at Thr184 was demonstrated using mammalian two-hybrid assay and coimmunoprecipitation. Cycloheximide (CHX) treatment indicated Pin1 stabilized the expression of ATF1 at post-transcription level. We confirmed that Pin1 upregulated ATF1 transcriptional activity of Bcl-2 using luciferase reporter assay, quantitative RT-PCR and western blot. Furthermore, the newly identified phosphorylation of ATF1 at Thr184 was suggested to have an important role in ATF1 function of transcription and tumor promotion. Finally, high expression of Pin1 in NPC tissue was found to be positively correlated with ATF1. The ATF1 promoted NPC tumorigenesis was regulated by Pin1 both in vitro and in vivo. All these findings clearly state that Pin1 is a novel regulator of ATF1 at Thr184 and thereby enhances ATF1 transcription activity and tumorigenesis promotive function in NPC.
Heme oxygenase-1 in the forefront of a multi-molecular network that governs cell–cell contacts and filopodia-induced zippering in prostate cancer
Authors: Paez Alejandra V , Pallavicini Carla , Schuster Federico , Valacco Maria Pia , Giudice Jimena , Ortiz Emiliano G , Anselmino Nicolás , Labanca Estefania , Binaghi Maria , Salierno Marcelo , Martí Marcelo A , Cotignola Javier H , Woloszynska-Read Anna , Bruno Luciana , Levi Valeria , Navone Nora , Vazquez Elba S , Gueron Geraldine
Published: December 2016

Prostate cancer (PCa) cells display abnormal expression of cytoskeletal proteins resulting in an augmented capacity to resist chemotherapy and colonize distant organs. We have previously shown that heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is implicated in cell morphology regulation in PCa. Here, through a multi 'omics' approach we define the HO-1 interactome in PCa, identifying HO-1 molecular partners associated with the integrity of the cellular cytoskeleton. The bioinformatics screening for these cytoskeletal-related partners reveal that they are highly misregulated in prostate adenocarcinoma compared with normal prostate tissue. Under HO-1 induction, PCa cells present reduced frequency in migration events, trajectory and cell velocity and, a significant higher proportion of filopodia-like protrusions favoring zippering among neighboring cells. Moreover forced expression of HO-1 was also capable of altering cell protrusions in transwell co-culture systems of PCa cells with MC3T3 cells (pre-osteoblastic cell line). Accordingly, these effects were reversed under siHO. Transcriptomics profiling evidenced significant modulation of key markers related to cell adhesion and cell–cell communication under HO-1 induction. The integration from our omics-based research provides a four molecular pathway foundation (ANXA2/HMGA1/POU3F1; NFRSF13/GSN; TMOD3/RAI14/VWF; and PLAT/PLAU) behind HO-1 regulation of tumor cytoskeletal cell compartments. The complementary proteomics and transcriptomics approaches presented here promise to move us closer to unravel the molecular framework underpinning HO-1 involvement in the modulation of cytoskeleton pathways, pushing toward a less aggressive phenotype in PCa.
Osteopontin facilitates tumor metastasis by regulating epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity
Authors: Jia Rongjie , Liang Yingchao , Chen Rui , Liu Guoke , Wang Hao , Tang Min , Zhou Xuyu , Wang Huajing , Yang Yang , Wei Huafeng , Li Bohua , Song Yipeng , Zhao Jian
Published: December 2016

Tumor metastasis leads to high mortality; therefore, understanding the mechanisms that underlie tumor metastasis is crucial. Generally seen as a secretory protein, osteopontin (OPN) is involved in multifarious pathophysiological events. Here, we present a novel pro-metastatic role of OPN during metastatic colonization. Unlike secretory OPN (sOPN), which triggers the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) to initiate cancer metastasis, intracellular/nuclear OPN (iOPN) induces the mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) to facilitate the formation of metastases. Nuclear OPN is found to interact with HIF2α and impact the subsequent AKT1/miR-429/ZEB cascade. In vivo assays confirm that the progression of metastatic colonization is accompanied by the nuclear accumulation of OPN and the MET process. Furthermore, evidence of nuclear OPN in the lung metastases is exhibited in clinical specimens. Finally, VEGF in the microenvironment was shown to induce the translocation of OPN into the nucleus through a KDR/PLCγ/PKC-dependent pathway. Taken together, our results describe the pleiotropic roles of OPN in the tumor metastasis cascade, which indicate its potential as an effective target for both early and advanced tumors.
Silencing speckle-type POZ protein by promoter hypermethylation decreases cell apoptosis through upregulating Hedgehog signaling pathway in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhi Xiaofei , Tao Jinqiu , Zhang Lei , Tao Ran , Ma Lilin , Qin Jun
Published: December 2016

Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressors contributes to the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). We recently found that speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) was significantly downregulated and the inactivation of SPOP promoted metastasis in CRC. This study aimed to clarify its epigenetic alteration, molecular mechanisms and clinical significance in CRC. Our results revealed that the core region of SPOP promoter was hypermethylated in CRC tissues and its methylation was correlated with poor survival. Transcription factor RXRA had a vital role in the regulation of SPOP gene. The data indicated that DNA methylation at −167 bp of the SPOP gene altered the binding affinity between transcription factor RXRA and SPOP promoter. Moreover, SPOP was found to associate with Gli2 and promoted its ubiquitination and degradation in CRC. Consequently, the expression level of Hh/Gli2 pathway-related apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was decreased and the function of resisting cell death was inhibited in CRC. It suggests that methylation status of SPOP promoter can be used as a novel epigenetic biomarker and a therapeutic target in CRC.
RanBP9/TSSC3 complex cooperates to suppress anoikis resistance and metastasis via inhibiting Src-mediated Akt signaling in osteosarcoma
Authors: Dai Huanzi , Lv Yang-Fan , Yan Guang-Ning , Meng Gang , Zhang Xi , Guo Qiao-Nan
Published: December 2016

Suppression of anoikis is a prerequisite for tumor cell metastasis, which is correlated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis. We characterized a novel interaction between RanBP9 SPRY domain and TSSC3 PH domain by which RanBP9/TSSC3 complex exerts transcription and post-translation regulation in osteosarcoma. RanBP9/TSSC3 complex was inversely correlated with a highly anoikis-resistant phenotype in osteosarcoma cells and metastasis in human osteosarcoma. RanBP9 cooperated with TSSC3 to inhibit anchorage-independent growth and to promote anoikis in vitro and suppress lung metastasis in vivo. Moreover, RanBP9 SPRY domain was required for RanBP9/TSSC3 complex-mediated anoikis resistance. Mechanistically, RanBP9 formed a ternary complex with TSSC3 and Src to scaffold this interaction, which suppressed both Src and Src-dependent Akt pathway activations and facilitated mitochondrial-associated anoikis. Collectively, the newly identified RanBP9/TSSC3 complex cooperatively suppress metastasis via downregulation of Src-dependent Akt pathway to expedite mitochondrial-associated anoikis. This study provides a biological basis for exploring the therapeutic significance of dual targeting of RanBP9 and TSSC3 in osteosarcoma.
Using Ongoing Outcomes Based Assessment and Monitoring to Drive Intervention in AAC
Authors: Kovach Tracy M. , Frisbie Amy , Moore Susan M.
Published: December 2016

Communicative competence using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) was defined more than 25 years ago (Light, 1989; Light & McNaughton, 2014). Outcomes-based assessment guiding intervention was identified as an important component in AAC (Schlosser & Raghavendra, 2004). However, assessment guiding intervention and documenting outcomes has not been widely implemented in AAC services over the recent time period. As speech-language pathologists (SLPs), we must more objectively assess and document performance for students using AAC. Use of objective measurements can direct intervention and document successful development of communicative competence. One component of ongoing assessment involves development of progress monitoring tools aligned with key indicators of growth in AAC competence. Another involves communication partners' support and interaction with those using AAC (Mitchell & Alvares, 2015). There is consensus in the literature that family involvement in assessment and intervention is associated with positive outcomes. (Angelo, 2000; Kovach, Moore, & Frisbie, 2015; Lund & Light, 2007; Thistle & Fosco, 2013). This paper discusses outcomes-based assessment and monitoring that directs intervention, and the importance of communication partners in the process. It provides examples of outcomes-based assessment and monitoring tools, their application in intervention planning directed toward desired outcomes and communicative competence development.
Prevent Falling Patients From Falling Off the Radar: Resources for Building Your Falls Risk Protocol
Authors: Hatton Kelsey
Published: December 2016

The impact of falls on patients and the burden of consequences due to falls on health care are increasing. A number of national and international organizations recognize this issue and efforts to better define, assess, and prevent falls are growing. While textbooks and research are available to guide clinicians in developing test protocols, this article aims to provide general tips and some practical discussion. A number of falls risk factors and their importance to an assessment will be reviewed. Potential screening methods with an estimation of their associated costs are also provided for each falls risk factor.
Audiologist's Role Within the Changing Climate of Fall Prevention: Are We Ready?
Authors: Bassett Alaina M. , Honaker Julie A.
Published: December 2016

This article is aimed to address the vestibular audiologist's role in assessing patient fall risk as tasked by Medicare. With implementation of the Physician's Quality Reporting System (PQRS), audiologists performing standard measures of the vestibular battery must report on measures #154: Falls: Risk assessment and #155: Falls: Plan of care for Medicare beneficiaries. Mandated reporting of this measure includes vestibular audiologists in the multidisciplinary medical management of fall prevention in older adults. In order for audiologists to provide the most relevant care, it is important to evaluate the current fall risk assessments in medical settings, how the implementation of these measures can be structured within the audiology clinic, and challenges audiologist may face with implementation.