bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE PRIMARY NOZZLE THROAT DIAMETER ON THE EVAPORATOR PERFORMANCE OF AN EJECTOR EXPANSION REFRIGERATION CYCLE
Authors: Seçkin Candeniz
Published: March 2018

The present work aims to perform the thermodynamic
analysis of an ejector expansion refrigeration cycle (EERC) with a
constant-pressure two phase flow ejector and to present the effect of primary
nozzle throat diameter on cooling capacity of the EERC. The refrigerant is
R134a. In order to achieve these objectives, a computational program is developed
using EES software to simulate the system. Mathematical modeling of EERC and
applied computational procedure are reported in detail. Operation under
critical mode is favorable in ejector operation in terms of high entrainment
ratio and enhanced ejector performance. As a result, in this present study,
ejector of the refrigeration cycle operates under critical conditions and
normal shock occurs at the end of the constant area mixing section. Not an
iteration process but Henry and Fauske model is applied to determine the
physical properties of the fluid under critical conditions.
Aberrant phenotypes in acute myeloid leukemia in India
Authors: Aparna Suresh Kumar , Sharmila Murugesan
Published: March 2018

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease, associated with a high diversity of phenotypes. The study was done with the aim to study about the aberrant phenotypes in acute myeloid leukemia cases and the correlation among the aberrant phenotypes and poor prognostic factors in acute myeloid leukemia.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 35 cases of newly diagnosed AML according to the selection criteria at Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai for a period of 6 months. Immunophenotyping analysis by flow cytometry was done on fresh bone marrow aspirate or peripheral blood sample by applying Acute Leukemia Panel. The co-expression of different antigen markers on lymphocytes was analyzed.Results: Aberrant lymphoid markers were seen in 17 (49%) cases. 5 (14%) cases had lymphoid associated antigen expression alone. 3 (8%) cases had asynchronous antigen expression alone. 9 (27%) cases had both asynchronous antigen expression and lymphoid associated antigen expression which is of cases . In total, lymphoid associated antigen expression is seen in 41% of cases and asynchronous antigen expression in 35% of cases. CD3, CD19 (lymphoid associated antigen) and CD34+ CD15+ (asynchronous aberrant phenotype) were the most common equally expressed aberrant phenotypes, each in 7 cases. CD 3 was significantly more common in males (P=0.021) but in general there were no statistically significant association between adverse prognostic factors and aberrant phenotypic AML.Conclusions: CD19 and CD3 were the most commonly expressed lymphoid associated antigen. Most common asynchronous aberrant phenotype was CD34+CD15+. None of the aberrant phenotypic expression was not associated with poor risk factors in acute myeloid leukemia except for common expression of CD3 in males.
Prevalence of insulin resistance in cirrhosis of liver
Authors: Deep Hardeep Singh , Babbar Navida , Mahajan Devinder Singh
Published: March 2018

Background: Liver plays a central role in glucose homeostasis. Chronic liver disease is associated with an increased incidence of insulin resistance (IR) and Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes that develops as a complication of cirrhosis of liver is known as ‘Hepatogenous diabetes (HD)’. This study was conducted to study the prevalence of insulin resistance in liver cirrhosis.Methods: One Hundered (100) non-diabetic patients of liver cirrhosis considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria and visiting both indoor and outpatient department of medicine, SGRDIMSAR were included in the study. All cirrhotic patients irrespective of etiology were subjected to fasting plasma glucose level and fasting plasma insulin levels and insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR method. Study was statistically analyzed.Results: 79 out of 100 patients were found to have insulin resistance and increase in prevalence with grades of child pugh score were noted.Conclusions: Keeping in view the results of the study, we conclude that FPG and HbA1c are not sufficient in detecting glucose metabolism disorders in cirrhosis. As insulin resistance can be used as an important prognostic marker in patients with cirrhosis of liver, serum insulin levels can be recommended as routine investigation in these patients. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of HCC in cirrhosis patients. So, by early detection of diabetes mellitus by calculating insulin resistance with HOMA-IR method we can prevent progression of disease to development into HCC.
Comparative study of detection of diabetic neuropathy by clinical and nerve conduction study in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Mohan Gurinder , Chandey Manish , Monga Anusha , Dev Parik
Published: March 2018

Background: Diabetes mellitus is known for its complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy. Diabetic neuropathy is one of the devastating complication associated with diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to detect sensory motor neuropathy in type 2 Diabetes mellitus by clinical examination and nerve conduction study and to correlate clinical features of peripheral neuropathy with nerve conduction study in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus.Methods: This study was undertaken to study types of neuropathy in type 2 diabetes and to correlate clinical features of peripheral neuropathy with nerve conduction study in type 2 diabetes mellitus.100 patients with diabetes whose onset of diabetes mellitus after age of 30 years and duration of diabetes 5 years or more visiting SGRDIMSR, Vallah, Amritsar were subjected to nerve conduction study to find out peripheral neuropathy.Results: Eight four percentage patients were found to have neuropathy on NCS whereas only 61% of patients were found to have neuropathy on clinical examination and detection rate with NCS was statistically significant (p <0.001) as compared to clinical examination.Conclusions: NCS helps in early detection of neuropathy and most common form of diabetic neuropathy is distal symmetrical polyneuropathy.
Correlation of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time with serum immunoglobulins in newly diagnosed patients with plasma cell dyscrasias: an experience from tertiary care centre
Authors: Shafi Filza , Geelani Sajad , Rasool Javid , Khan Subuh Parvez , Qadri Syed Mudasir , Bashir Nusrat , Khan Fiza Parvez
Published: March 2018

Background: Plasma cell dyscrasia (PCD) is the term used to describe the disorders characterized by neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells with the abnormal production of immunoglobulins (Ig). Patients with multiple myeloma frequently have abnormal coagulation tests. Aim of the present study were to correlate prothrombin time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin time (aPTT) with Ig concentrations in patients with newly diagnosed with PCD and to compare PT and aPTT values in untreated and treated patients diagnosed with PCDMethods: This study was conducted in the department of clinical hematology of SKIMS, a tertiary care hospital in northern India from 2015 to 2016. Patients diagnosed with PCD were advised for coagulogram (PT, aPTT) as a base line investigation. A total of 72 patients were included in the study.Results: 37% of multiple myeloma cases (newly diagnosed) and 22% of light chain disease patients presented with prolonged PT whereas none of the patients in treated cases of PCD had prolonged PT. The mean Ig concentration was significantly higher in patients with prolonged PT and aPTT compared to that of patients with normal PT and aPTT values. In IgA myeloma, the mean immunoglobulin concentration was 3643 mg/dL with a mean PT and aPTT values of 18.8s and 36.6 (p value: 0.006). The mean free light chain concentration in kappa (k) light chain myeloma was 1727 mg/L with a mean PT value of 20.5 s, mean aPTT value of 37.4 s (p-value: 0.026).Conclusions: Patients with newly diagnosed myeloma presented with prolonged PT as compared to the treated cases. Also, mean Ig concentration was significantly higher in patients with prolonged PT and aPTT compared to that of patients with normal PT and aPTT values.
Unveiling Muslim Women in Socialist Yugoslavia: the Body between Socialism, Secularism, and Colonialism
Authors: Hadžiristić Tea
Published: March 2018

The creation of the second Yugoslavia (1943–1992) heralded the legal and economic emancipation of women, a social change deeply indebted to the role of female combatants in the Partisan army, and catalyzed by post-war state-building. The Anti- Fascist Women’s Front (AFŽ) was a primary agent in rapid social changes that followed. Along with education and literacy campaigns, from 1947–1950 local chapters of the AFŽ organized campaigns to unveil Muslim women in Yugoslavia, as the practice was deemed incompatible with economic and political participation as well as multiethnic unity. This paper focuses on the Bosnian case, though unveiling also took place in Macedonia, Kosovo, Serbia, and Montenegro. This paper investigates how state secularism put women’s ‘emancipated’ bodies to the fore as signifiers of progress and modernity. The process of unveiling in Yugoslavia is analyzed both within the context of the reconstruction and the consolidation of the socialist state, and the nexus of ideological conflicts in the region. Unveiling drew on Orientalist discourses, as well as the promise of a radical socialist future and an indigenous Yugoslav feminism, while popular support for the AFŽ problematizes notions of the oppressive nature of state-sanctioned feminism. The paper interrogates the discourses surrounding these campaigns of unveiling, as they draw on and confound various dichotomies.
The Body Politic(s) of the Jezebel Spirit
Authors: Jonathon O’Donnell S.
Published: March 2018

‘Third wave’ neo-charismatic evangelical discourses of spiritual warfare envision the world as caught within a struggle between good and evil, in which demonic forces play an active role in shaping the lives of individuals, institutions, and nations. In contemporary American spiritual warfare discourse one demonic spirit has gained particular notoriety: the Jezebel spirit. Through a close reading of American spiritual warfare manuals, this article explores constructions of the Jezebel spirit and her place in third wave demonology. Constructed as a spiritual force reigning over an errant United States, the figure of Jezebel facilitates a discursive conflation of personal and social bodies in which the ‘present absences’ of ‘deviant’ (gendered, sexualised, racialised) bodies within the nation become figured as threatening to both national and spiritual survival. Drawing on poststructuralist, postcolonial, and queer theory, the article unpacks how Jezebel is constructed as a figure of feminised absence and multiplicity, whose ‘illegitimate’ possession of ‘deviant’ places and persons renders them as territories of absence that must be restored to normative presence through the reinscription of God’s will.
Transgender Identity, The Sex-Reassignment Surgery Fatwās and Islāmic Theology of A Third Gender
Authors: Alipour M.
Published: March 2018

Although in the late 1980s, transgender sex-reassignment surgery was legalized (made halāl) in sharīʿa and/or in state law by the Fatwās of Āyatullāh Khomeini in Iran and Shaykh al-Ṭanṭāwī in Egypt, the issue of whether Islamic theology accepts transgender people as third gender remains underdeveloped. The traditional Islamic line on gender divisions has been criticised for being established on the basis of the binary logic of male and female gender which leaves no capacity to accept a third gender in traditional Islāmic theology. Therefore, the fatwās of both Khomeini and al-Ṭanṭāwī were issued on the basis of the binary logic of male and female gender. However, this article argues that although al-Ṭanṭāwī’s fatwā was vague and clearly built on a gender binary logic, Khomeini’s fatwā was issued on other grounds that may allow for a discussion on transgender Muslims as third gender. Moreover, the article argues that there is a discursive space within Muslim juridical texts which one may justifiably use to underpin an interpretation of a third gender in Islāmic legal and theological debates.
IMF, BIS, and World Bank: On the Intra-institutional Articulation of the International Financial System
Authors: Carmo Previdelli Maria de Fatima Silva do , Simões de Souza Luiz Eduardo ,   Economic Science Department, Post Graduation Program on Social and Economic Development, Universidade Federal do Maranhao, Brazil.,   Economic Science Department, Post Graduation Program on Social and Economic Development, Universidade Federal do Maranhao, Brazil.
Published: March 2018

The international financial system could be organized into three groups. According to this classification, the first group includes the organizations that exercise the functions of regulation and supervision. In the second, we have those that are regulated and supervised by the former, and in the third, we find the organizations that do not follow such rules or supervision, forming the so-called shadow banking system. This article seeks to examine the first group, and, more specifically, how the International Monetary Fund articulates with the primary elements of such a group.
Has the IMF Outlived Its Usefulness or Gone Past Its ‘Use-by’ Date?
Authors: Moosa Imad A. ,   School of Economics, Finance and Marketing, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Published: March 2018

Since the advent of the Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s, a debate has ensued on whether the International Monetary Fund (IMF) should be reformed, abolished, or left as is because it is performing a good and useful job. In this paper, it is argued that the IMF should be abolished because its work, particularly in developing countries, has been useless at best and harmful at worst. Several reasons, as well as examples of how IMF operations have been detrimental to the welfare of people living in countries that the IMF is supposed to help, are presented to support this proposition.
A Critical Evaluation of IMF History and Policies
Authors: Ahmed Syed , Sukar Abdulhamid ,   School of Business, Cameron University, 2800 W. Gore Boulevard, Lawton, OK 73505, USA.,   School of Business, Cameron University, 2800 W. Gore Boulevard, Lawton, OK 73505, USA.
Published: March 2018

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was originally mandated to maintain exchange rate stability and adjustment of external imbalances in member countries and to act as a lender for countries facing short-term balance-of-payment crises. With the breakdown of the fixed exchange rate system, the IMF had to adjust its role in exchange rate management. The international banking crisis in the 1980s required a recalibration of IMF policies. Most of the policies in the 1980s and 1990s were driven by “Washington Consensus,” a doctrinaire view of economic development that called for structural adjustment through market liberalization and privatizations. However, critics indicate that the IMF, by failing to consider the unique conditions in developing economies and lumping them under a “one size fits all,” category may have caused more damage than good. In addition, it was alleged that IMF loans imposed unrealistic conditions on borrowers. All these policies are under review now in a quest for appropriate policies that will address some of these concerns and aid economic development. This paper provides a brief review of IMF policies from a historical perspective and a critique of IMF policies over the last few decades.
Reforming the IMF to Increase FDI Led Economic Growth: The Case of Latin American and Caribbean Countries
Authors: Mahate Ashraf ,   Hamdan bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai Academic City, P.O. Box 71400, Dubai, UAE.
Published: March 2018

There is a strong body of literature that finds a direct connection between inward foreign direct investment and economic growth in the host country. At the same time, economic growth in the host country attracts additional Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). This bidirectional relationship can be supported by the IMF through its lending program to countries to assist in dealing with short-term shocks as well as managing more long-term structural issues. In fact, the IMF programs in theory should provide an indicator to potential investors that the country is committed to making a change and opening its economy, which are typical requirements under IMF conditions. IMF intervention should lead to a positive impact on inward FDI. This study examines the impact of IMF-support programs on inward FDI for a sample of Latin American and Caribbean Countries. The results from this study reveal that being on an IMF borrowing program has a negative impact on inward FDI in the second and third year. We argue that being on an IMF borrowing program does not provide inward FDI with the seal of approval that it requires in making an investment.
The Cosmological Constant Problem and Quantum Spacetime Reference Frame
Authors: Luo Min-Jie
Published: March 2018

We generalize the idea of quantum clock time to quantum spacetime reference frame via physical realization of a reference system by quantum rulers and clocks. Omitting the internal degrees of freedom (such as spins) of the physical rulers and clocks, only considering their metric properties, the spacetime reference frame is described by a bosonic non-linear sigma model (NLSM). We study the quantum behavior of the system under approximations, and obtain (1) a cosmological constant valued (2/π)ρc0 (ρc0 the critical density at near current epoch) which is very close to the observations; (2) an effective Einstein-Hilbert term; (3) the ratio of variance to mean-squared of spacetime interval tends to a universal constant 2/π in the infrared region. This effect is testable by observing a linear dependence between the inherent quantum variance and mean-squared of the redshifts from cosmic distant spectral lines. The proportionality is expected to be the observed percentage of the dark energy. The equivalence principle is also generalized to the quantum level.
Exergy Analyses of Onion Drying by Convection: Influence of Dryer Parameters on Its Performance
Authors: Castro María , Román Celia , Echegaray Marcelo , Mazza Germán , Rodriguez Rosa
Published: March 2018

This research work is concerned in the exergy analysis of the continuous-convection drying of onion. The influence of temperature and air flow rate was studied in terms of exergy parameters. The energy and exergy balances were carried out taking into account the onion drying chamber. Its behaviour was analysed based on exergy efficiency, exergy loss rate, exergetic improvement potential rate and sustainability index. The exergy loss rates increase with the temperature and air flow rate augmentation. Exergy loss rate is augmented at higher drying air temperatures and flow rates because the overall heat transfer coefficient increase. On the other hand, the exergy efficiency increases with the air flow rate augmentation. This behavior is due to the energy utilization was improved because the most amount of supplied energy was utilized for the moisture evaporation. However, the exergy efficiency decreases with the temperature augmentation due to the free moisture is less, then, the moisture begins diffusing from the internal structure to the surface. The exergetic improvement potential rate values show that the onion drying process presents a high potential to improve the exergy efficiency. The sustainability index of the drying chamber varied from 1.9 to 5.1. To reduce the environmental impact of the process, the parameters must be modified in order to ameliorate the exergy efficiency of the process.
US Mayors’ and Health Commissioners’ Opinions About Health Disparities in Their Cities
Authors: Purtle Jonathan , Henson Rosie Mae , Carroll-Scott Amy , Kolker Jennifer , Joshi Rennie , Diez Roux Ana V.
Published: March 2018

Objectives. To characterize US mayors’ and health commissioners’ opinions about health disparities in their cities and identify factors associated with these opinions.

Methods. We conducted a multimodal survey of mayors and health commissioners in fall–winter 2016 (n = 535; response rate = 45.2%). We conducted bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression.

Results. Forty-two percent of mayors and 61.1% of health commissioners strongly agreed that health disparities existed in their cities. Thirty percent of mayors and 8.0% of health commissioners believed that city policies could have little or no impact on disparities. Liberal respondents were more likely than were conservative respondents to strongly agree that disparities existed (mayors: odds ratio [OR] = 7.37; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.22, 16.84; health commissioners: OR = 5.09; 95% CI = 3.07, 8.46). In regression models, beliefs that disparities existed, were avoidable, and were unfair were independently associated with the belief that city policies could have a major impact on disparities.

Conclusions. Many mayors, and some health commissioners, are unaware of the potential of city policies to reduce health disparities. Ideology is strongly associated with opinions about disparities among these city policymakers.

Public Health Implications: Information about health disparities, and policy strategies to reduce them, needs to be more effectively communicated to city policymakers.
Long-Term Effects of the Communities That Care Trial on Substance Use, Antisocial Behavior, and Violence Through Age 21 Years
Authors: Oesterle Sabrina , Kuklinski Margaret R. , Hawkins J. David , Skinner Martie L. , Guttmannova Katarina , Rhew Isaac C.
Published: March 2018

Objectives. To evaluate whether the effects of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system, implemented in early adolescence to promote positive youth development and reduce health-risking behavior, endured through age 21 years.

Methods. We analyzed 9 waves of prospective data collected between 2004 and 2014 from a panel of 4407 participants (grade 5 through age 21 years) in the community-randomized trial of the CTC system in Colorado, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Oregon, Utah, and Washington State. We used multilevel models to evaluate intervention effects on sustained abstinence, lifetime incidence, and prevalence of past-year substance use, antisocial behavior, and violence.

Results. The CTC system increased the likelihood of sustained abstinence from gateway drug use by 49% and antisocial behavior by 18%, and reduced lifetime incidence of violence by 11% through age 21 years. In male participants, the CTC system also increased the likelihood of sustained abstinence from tobacco use by 30% and marijuana use by 24%, and reduced lifetime incidence of inhalant use by 18%. No intervention effects were found on past-year prevalence of these behaviors.

Conclusions. Implementation of the CTC prevention system in adolescence reduced lifetime incidence of health-risking behaviors into young adulthood. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01088542.
Undiagnosed HIV and HCV Infection in a New York City Emergency Department, 2015
Authors: Torian Lucia V. , Felsen Uriel R. , Xia Qiang , Laraque Fabienne , Rude Eric J. , Rose Herbert , Cole Adam , Bocour Angelica , Williams Gary J. , Bridgforth Robert F. , Forgione Lisa A. , Doo Howard , Braunstein Sarah L. , Daskalakis Demetre C. , Zingman Barry S.
Published: March 2018

Objectives. To measure undiagnosed HIV and HCV in a New York City emergency department (ED).

Methods. We conducted a blinded cross-sectional serosurvey with remnant serum from specimens originally drawn for clinical indications in the ED. Serum was deduplicated and matched to (1) the hospital’s electronic medical record and (2) the New York City HIV and HCV surveillance registries for evidence of previous diagnosis before being deidentified and tested for HIV and HCV.

Results. The overall prevalence of HIV was 5.0% (250/4990; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.4%, 5.7%); the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV was 0.2% (12/4990; 95% CI = 0.1%, 0.4%); and the proportion of undiagnosed HIV was 4.8% (12/250; 95% CI = 2.5%, 8.2%). The overall prevalence of HCV (HCV RNA ≥ 15 international units per milliliter) was 3.9% (196/4989; 95% CI = 2.8%, 5.1%); the prevalence of undiagnosed HCV was 0.8% (38/4989; 95% CI = 0.3%, 1.3%); and the proportion of undiagnosed HCV was 19.2% (38/196; 95% CI = 11.4%, 27.0%).

Conclusions. Undiagnosed HCV was more prevalent than undiagnosed HIV in this population, suggesting that aggressive testing initiatives similar to those directed toward HIV should be mounted to improve HCV diagnosis.
Impact of New York City’s 2014 Increased Minimum Legal Purchase Age on Youth Tobacco Use
Authors: Macinko James , Silver Diana
Published: March 2018

Objectives. To assess the impact of New York City’s (NYC’s) 2014 increase of the minimum legal purchase age (MLPA) for tobacco and e-cigarettes from 18 to 21 years.

Methods. We performed a difference-in-differences analysis comparing NYC to the rest of New York State by using repeated cross-sections of the New York Youth Tobacco Survey (2008–2016) and to 4 Florida cities by using the Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (2007–2015).

Results. Adolescent tobacco use declined slightly in NYC after the policy change. However, this rate of change was even larger in control locations. In NYC, e-cigarette use increased and reported purchases of loose cigarettes remained unchanged, suggesting uneven policy implementation, enforcement, or compliance.

Conclusions. Increasing the MLPA to 21 years in NYC did not accelerate reductions in youth tobacco use any more rapidly than declines observed in comparison sites.

Public Health Implications. Other cities and states currently raising their MLPA for tobacco may need to pay close attention to policy enforcement and conduct enhanced monitoring of retailer compliance to achieve the full benefits of the policy.
Fostering Local Health Department and Health System Collaboration Through Case Conferences for At-Risk and Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Vest Joshua R. , Caine Virginia , Harris Lisa E. , Watson Dennis P. , Menachemi Nir , Halverson Paul
Published: March 2018

In case conferences, health care providers work together to identify and address patients’ complex social and medical needs. Public health nurses from the local health department joined case conference teams at federally qualified health center primary care sites to foster cross-sector collaboration, integration, and mutual learning. Public health nurse participation resulted in frequent referrals to local health department services, greater awareness of public health capabilities, and potential policy interventions to address social determinants of health.
Implications of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act for Public Health
Authors: Glied Sherry
Published: March 2018

The recently passed Tax Cuts and Jobs Act will reduce total federal revenues by about 4% between 2018 and 2027. The law makes multiple changes to the taxation of individuals and corporations.

It also repeals the Affordable Care Act’s (ACA’s) individual mandate penalties, which will erase some of the gains in insurance coverage achieved since implementation of the ACA’s coverage expansions. The resulting increases in rates of uninsurance will likely lead to increased uncompensated care and deflect hospitals and health departments from addressing other prevention and public health needs.

In addition, the law is expected to lead to substantial increases in the federal debt and, consequently, to calls for reductions in spending on entitlement programs, particularly Medicare, and on discretionary programs, including public health. Many other provisions of the law could also have second-order effects on public health.
Pendugaan Parameter Genetik dan Seleksi Karakter Morfofisiologi Galur Jagung Introduksi di Lingkungan Tanah Masam
Authors: Lubis Khairunnisa , Sutjahjo Surjono Hadi , Syukur Muhamad , Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas
Published: March 2018

Morpho-physiological characterization of sixteen inbred lines of maize originated from CIMMYT and from Indonesian Cereals Research Institute Maros, was carried out in Tenjo, Bogor, from January to April 2013. The objectives of this research were to (1) estimate the genetic parameters of morphophysiological characters, (2) obtain morpho-physiological characters that can be used as selection characters and (3) obtain tolerance inbred lines on acid soil condition. The experiment was conducted using a Nested Design with three replications, nested in selection environment. The first factor was environments, the second factor was genotypes. The two environments were acid soil with eAl 0.2 me/100 g (represented the optimum soil) and acid soil with eAl 1.87 me/100 g (represented the medium acid soil). The results showed that environment had significant effect on inbred lines performances. Characters of anthesis silk interval, number of seeds/cob, number of rows/cob, cob dry weight, seed dry weight and cob weight/plot could be used as selection characters for tolerance to medium acid soil condition; the inbred lines tested indicated high genetic variabilities and showed high heritability under such condition. Inbred line CLA 84, CLA 46, CLA 95 and 1042-13 each was found tolerant genotype on medium acid soil condition
Efektivitas Trichoderma sp. dan Gliocladium sp. sebagai Agen Biokontrol Hayati Penyakit Busuk Pelepah Daun pada Jagung
Authors: Soenartiningsih Soenartiningsih , Djaenuddin Nurasiah , Saenong M. Sujak
Published: March 2018

Sheath blight is an important disease in corn. The disease could cause significant yield loss when infection occurs on susceptible varieties. Disease control using the microorganism antagonist is an alternative for disease management. Research was carried out in a laboratory, greenhouse and field from 2010 to 2012. The research objective was to compare several biological agents for controlling sheath blight disease on corn. In vitro laboratory tests identified that out of sixteen isolates of microorganisms, only 3 isolates which had the potency to suppress the pathogen of sheath blight over 50%, namely TT1; TM; and GM. Conidia development among the three isolates of microorganism the highest was by TT1. In the greenhouse, three isolates of microorganisms showed potential of decreasing sheath blight disease up to 70%. The Gliocladium isolates decreases the disease by 53%. Research results from the field indicated the antagonist had decreased sheath blight disease by 67%. Isolates of Trichoderma and Gliocladium fungus could reduce the yield loss by 23% by suppressing the infection of sheath blight disease.
Keragaman Virulensi dan Konstruksi Molekuler Virus Tungro pada Padi dari Daerah Endemis
Authors: Praptana R. Heru , Sumardiyono Y. B. , Hartono Sedyo , Trisyono Y. Andi , Widiarta I Nyoman
Published: March 2018

Tungro is an important disease of rice, constraining to the rice production in Indonesia. Tungro is caused by the infection of two different viruses namely tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and tungro spherical virus (RTSV). Both viruses are only transmitted by green leafhoppers, especially Nephotettix virescens in a semipersistent manner. The variation of tungro viruses from different areas had been reported, and there is a specific relationship between resistance variety and tungro virus isolate. It is important therefore, to study the virulences and the genetic diversities of tungro viruses derived from the endemic areas in Indonesia. This study was aimed to identify the virulence and the molecular diversity of tungro viruses from endemic areas in Indonesia. Susceptible variety TN1 was used in the study. Surveys and collection of the infected plants and green leafhoppers were conducted in some tungro endemic areas, including: West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, Central Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Bali and West Nusa Tenggara. Artificial virus transmission using test tube method was used in the virulence test. Green leafhoppers caught from the field were used as vector transmitters. The virulence of tungro viruses was determined based on diseases indexes (DI). Results showed that the virulence of tungro viruses varied among region in the endemic areas in Indonesia. The Central Java virus isolate was the most virulence; however, not all isolates from endemic areas in the island of Java were more virulent than those from outside of Java. The presence of RTBV and RTSV was detected in the infected TN1 plants. The existences of molecular diversities of tungro viruses from the endemic areas were observed. The relationship between combination of DNA bands of RTBV and RTSV with the virulence in endemic areas outside of Java was more complex than it was in West Java and Central Java. The molecular diversities of tungro viruses were not correlated with the geographic difference of the endemic areas, nor with the virulences.
Distinguishing Rice Genotypes using Morphological, Agronomical,
Authors: Susanto Untung , Rohmah Nofi Anisatun , Mejaya Made Jana
Published: March 2018

Complete data on characteristics of a rice variety is very important to  race the authenticity of the variety at the field. Sometimes a name of a variety had changed, due to the informal  seed distribution among farmers. This could become problem in the property right of the variety. Distinguishing among rice varieties using only morphological and agronomical traits are sometimes not sufficient. Currently, molecular markers such as SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) and SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) markers have become available and are powerfull to distinguish rice genotypes. This research was aimed to distinguish nine rice varieties grown by farmers, using morphological characters (47 traits), agronomical characters (9 traits), SSR markers (12 primer pairs, related with important traits of rice plant), and 384 SNP markers, and to compare the effectiveness of each technique in distinguishing among genotypes. A field experiment was conducted in Ranca Jaya village, Patok Beusi, Subang, West Java during Wet Season (WS) of 2011/2012, using a Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications. A modified CTAB method was used to extract DNA for detection using 12 SSR markers and 384 SNP markers. The results revealed that the use of SSR markers that were linked to certain genes was more accurate than that of the SNP markers, agronomic, and morphological characters, in distinguishing differences among the 9 rice genotypes. The complete data of morphologic, agronomic, and molecular are useful to distinguish the authenticity of a variety in order to protect the intelectual property right attached on the variety.
Identifikasi Varietas Padi Menggunakan Pengolahan Citra Digital dan Analisis Diskriminan
Authors: Adnan Adnan , Widiastuti Mira Landep , Wahyuni Sri
Published: March 2018

Identification of the authenticity of variety is important in order to ensure the purly of rice variety. Variety identification based on visual traits is a common technique, but it is difficult to be applied when ones encounter almost similar varieties. An alternative technique is using the image processing analysis combined with the discriminant analysis. The research objectives were: (1) to develop the geometrical, shape and textural description of rice varieties (Ciherang, Inpari 10 and Inpari 13) generated based on the image process properties, (2) to determine selective geometry, shape and texture variables, and (3) to identify rice variety using discriminant analysis. Digital image of rice grains was captured by a scanner, then was quantified by image process application in order to generate geometry, shape and texture data. Discriminant model was built using 5 of 17 input variables that have strong discriminant power. Discriminant model represented
85.9% of the data variability. The model accuracy based on the cross validation method for Ciherang, Inpari 10 dan Inpari 13 varieties was 53.6%, 52.8% dan 76.0%, respectively. Image process technology and discriminant analysis has a potential as a technique for identifying rice variety based on the seed physical criteria. Further works need to be done in order to increase the accuracy of the model.
DETERMINANT OF EFFICIENCY OF THE ISLAMIC BANKING IN INDONESIA
Authors: Hidayati Nadiah , Siregar Hermanto , Pasaribu Syamsul Hidayat
Published: March 2018

Dual banking system in Indonesia provides an excellent opportunity for the growth of Islamic banking industry in Indonesia. Islamic banking industry in Indonesia has improved in number of banks and branches but the performance of Islamic banks has decreased in recent years. This paper measures the efficiency of Islamic banking in Indonesia using the intermediation approach and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) on quarterly reports of 10 Islamic Banks (BUS) and 15 Islamic Business Units (UUS). The results showed that Islamic Banks (BUS) and Islamic Business Units (UUS) in Indonesia has not been operating efficiently in its intermediation function. The estimation results of data panel regression model showed total financing and CAR have positive and significant impact, whereas the deposits have negative and significant impact to the efficiency of BUS and UUS in Indonesia.
A DYNAMIC STOCHASTIC GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM (DSGE) MODEL TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF STRUCTURAL REFORMS ON THE INDONESIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Sahminan Sahminan , Utama Ginanjar , Rakman Robbi Nur , Idham Idham
Published: March 2018

One of the Government programs to spur economic growth is to improve the availability andquality of infrastructure through increased government spending on infrastructure development. In this paper, we build a DSGE model for a small open economy to predict the impact of government spending on output and welfare in Indonesia. The DSGE model uses parameters in line with the characteristics of Indonesian economy. The simulation results show that in the short run a 1% increase in government spending on consumption and investment could potentially increase economic growth by 0.04% and 0.05%, respectively. Output multiplier of government spending on consumption is estimated at 0.03, much lower than output multiplier of the government spending on investment at 0.20. The simulation results also show that government spending on investment leads to welfare improvement with welfare multiplier at 0.05. On the other hand, an increase in government spending on consumption would leadto a decline in welfare with a multiplier of -0.001.
ASEAN CREDIT GROWTH AND ASSET PRICE RESPONSE TO GLOBAL FINANCIAL CYCLE
Authors: Andaiyani Sri , Falianty Telisa Aulia
Published: March 2018

An upsurge and volatility of capital flows to Emerging Asian Economies indicated that there is the potential effect of global financial cycle to emerging market. It provides an overview of investor risk aversion in short term investment after financial crisis 2008. Global financial cycle could have a significant impact not only to credit growth but also asset prices, including equity prices and property prices. Rey (2015) has triggered an interesting discussion about global financial cycle. She found that there was a global financial cycle in capital flows, asset prices and credit growth. This cycle was co-moves with the VIX, a measure of uncertainty and risk aversion of the markets. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze empirically global financial cycle shocks, measured by the VIX, on credit, equity prices and property prices in ASEAN-4, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. We estimate quarterly frequency data from Q1 1990 to Q2 2016 with Panel Vector Autoregressive (PVAR) approach. The result of this study showed that the response of asset markets and credit to global financial cycle shocks is negative. This result is consistent with ASEAN-4 as small open economies that remain vulnerable to the global factor. This study contributes to the literature in several ways. First, we identify not only cyclical expansions orcontraction in asset markets but also the impact of global financial cycle to credit growth and asset markets in ASEAN-4 countries. Second, we also identify the pattern of cycle in ASEAN-4 countries. Third, we used PVAR approach that can capture heterogeneity.
DEVELOPING ISLAMIC BANKING PERFORMANCE MEASURES BASED ON MAQASID AL-SHARI’AH FRAMEWORK: CASES OF 24 SELECTED BANKS
Authors: Omar Mohammed Mustafa , Md Taib Fauziah
Published: March 2018

Islamic banking has achieved remarkable growth that has surpassed the growth of the conventional banking system. Yet, studies show that the performances of Islamic banks (IBs) seem to be trailing behind the conventional banks (CBs). Is the poor performance of IBs the result of mismatch between their objectives and their performance measurement criteria or it is a reflection of their true performances? The objectives of Islamic banking had not been formally addressed. Mustafa and Taib (2009) derived the objectives of Islamic banking from Abu Zahara’s theory of the objectives of Shari’ah (Maqasid al-Shari’ah) and, based on these Shari’ah objectives, developed a model of Islamic banking performance measures. They named it as Performance Measures based on Maqasid al-Shari’ah framework or the PMMS model. This paper has tested the PMMS model on a sample 24 banks (12 IBs and 12 CBs). The twenty four banks were also evaluated using the traditional conventional financial measures. Mann-Whitney U-Test results show IBs faring well in their performances when measured using the PMMS model than when they are measured using the conventional banking performance yardstick. Policy prescriptions and recommendations for further studies are provided at the concluding section of the paper. Key words: Maqasid al-shari’ah, operationalization, PMMS Model, Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), Mann-Whitney U-Test.JEL Classification: A13, B59, C02, C6, C12, C19, C42, C43, G21, M21, P46, P47, P49
BEHAVIORAL INTENTION TO PAY ZAKAH ON EMPLOYMENT INCOME AMONG ACADEMICIANS IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Dandago Kabiru Isa , Muhammad Aliyu Dahiru , Abba Safiyya Abubakar
Published: March 2018

The institution of zakah is the cornerstone of the Islamic economic system and the disbursement of the zakah fund in line with the Qur’anic injunction ensures equitable distribution and transfer of wealth from the rich to the poor. However, zakah practice in many Muslim countries left wide gap especially in realizing the goal of zakah in poverty reduction. For instance, zakah on employment income is largely neglected despite its juristic backing and changing economic structure that creates high professional income earners that form either upper middle class or lower middle class of the society. The objective of this paper is to explore the intention of income earners to pay zakah on their employment income in Kano State as this will add to the zakatable sources of the State Zakah commission. The paper employed Theory of Reasoned Action to examine the behavioral intention of 300 academics across Kano state government owned tertiary educational institutions to pay zakah on their income.  Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data collected. The overall result shows that the respondents have favorable behavioral intention towards payment of zakah on employment income. Specifically, the positive effect of both attitudinal beliefs and subjective norm on the behavioral intention is revealed. Hence, the need to come up with a comprehensive policy that will boost zakah collection, consequently its distribution to reduce extreme poverty in the state.Keywords: Zakah, Employment Income, Attitudes, Subjective Norm, Behavioral IntentionJEL Classification: H2, H310
PSICOLOGÍA Y ENVEJECIMIENTO
Authors: Sitges Esther
Published: March 2018

Las últimas predicciones que ha realizado el Instituto Nacional de Estadística en sus proyecciones de población, muestran que nos enfrentamos a una nación que ha incrementado cuantitativamente su población y que además es considerablemente más envejecida con respecto a otros países de nuestro entorno (I.N.E. 2007). Se prevé, cada vez más cierta y cercanamente, que España será en el 2050, la nación más añosa de Europa y el segundo país del mundo más envejecido por detrás de Japón (Garcés de Los Fayos, 2004). Esta inversión de la pirámide poblacional reclama con urgencia respuestas tanto a nivel político como social para atender a las nuevas necesidades sociales y sanitarias que se demandan. Se observa ya cómo se ha producido un cambio en la forma de conceptualizar, entender y afrontar el envejecimiento, haciéndose también patente la necesidad de formación específica de los profesionales tanto de la psicología como de la medicina o de la gestión de servicios para mejorar la calidad asistencial que se presta a esta población (Baile, 2007).
LA APLICACIÓN DE TEORÍA DE LA CONDUCTA PLANEADA EN EL EJERCICIO FÍSICO CON PERSONAS MAYORES: UNA REVISIÓN
Authors: Bonete Lopez Beatriz
Published: March 2018

Según los datos de la última Encuesta Nacional de Salud (INE, 2006), apenas el 44% de la población mayor de 55 años posee una valoración positiva de su salud. Aunque pudiera considerarse paradójico abordar aspectos como la promoción de la salud y la prevención de la enfermedad en la época del ciclo vital que se considera como el declive inevitable del cuerpo humano, coincidimos con Iruzubieta (2004) en valorar como totalmente erróneo tal enjuiciamiento. Para evidenciar la

importancia de la salud durante el envejecimiento, analizaremos los conceptos de estilo de vida, atendiendo a la conducta de realizar ejercicio físico como elemento determinante en el envejecimiento activo. Para ello, de entre los Modelos Sociales Cognitivos, analizaremos la Teoría de la Conducta Planificada como marco teórico que mejor explica la conducta de realizar ejercicio físico en el envejecimiento, detallando los trabajos que han aplicado esta teoría con personas mayores.

Palabras clave: Envejecimiento, Ejercicio Físico, Teoría de la Conducta Planeada
Estrés por Hospitalización y Estrategias de Afrontamiento
Authors: Rodriguez Marín Jesus , López Roig Sofía , Pastor Mira Maria Ángeles
Published: March 2018

Este trabajo estudia las realización entre el distrés percibido por la hospitalización y una serie de variables psicosociales y demográficas en paciente quirúrgicos hospitalizados. Se utilizó la escala de Volicer para medir el distrés hospitalario y, a partir de los resultados, los grupos de alto y bajo distrés fueron comparados según el nivel de depresión y ansiedad referidos: el grupo de alto distrés obtuvo unas puntuaciones en los nieveles de depresión y ansiedad referidos significativamente mayores que las obtenidas por el grupo de bajo distrés. Las variables más altamente predictoras del distrés de los pacientes de enfermedad, el apoyo social y el estilo de afrontamiento de evitación.

Los aspectos de estrés se comparan con los índices de afrontamiento proporcionados por la escala de Billings y Moos. El grupo de bajo nivel de distrés hospitalario utilizó las estrategias de afrontamiento activo conductuales en mayor medidas que el grupo de alto nivel. A su vez, el grupo de alto distrés hospitalario informó que utiliza las estrategias de evitación en mayor grado que el grupo de bajo nivel. El grupo de afrontamiento evitativo obtuvo un nivel significativamente mayor de depresión y ansiedad que los otros grupos, y un nivel de distrés hospitalario.

Se sugiere un modelo explicativo de la relación entre los estresores, activación de estrés y respuestas de afrontamiento, para una mejor comprensión de los efectos estresantes de la hospitalización.

Los resultados concuerdan con los obtenidos en numerosos estudios sobre los efectos de la hospitalización, y señalan que no hay diferencias interculturales en este sentido.