bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moderate Utility
Authors: He Junnan , Natenzon Paulo
Published: May 2024

Hotelling’s and Salop’s spatial competition models, as well as nested logit, covariance probit, elimination-by-aspects, and several other well-known discrete choice models, belong to the class of moderate utility models, where binary choices are a function of the ratio between utility difference and a product differentiation index satisfying the properties of a distance metric. We provide a behavioral foundation for this class of models. Our main result establishes that moderate utility has a single, directly testable implication: choice probabilities are moderately transitive. We use our characterization to show how the model achieves a useful compromise between explanatory power and predictive power. (JEL C25, D11, D91)
Algılanan Marka Etiğinin Marka İmajı, Tutumu ve Tercihine Etkisi: Türkiye’deki GSM Operatörleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Arklan Ümit , Kocaömer Neslihan
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışma, algılanan marka etiği kavramını tüketici perspektifinden ele almaktadır. Markaların etik ya da etik dışı uygulamalarının tüketicilerin markaya yönelik tutumlarını, imaj algılarını ve tercihlerini nasıl etkilediğini Türkiye’deki GSM operatörleri örneğinde belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bireylerin etik tüketicilik anlayışları ile davranışsal eğilimleri arasındaki uyumluluğun da incelendiği çalışmada değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek için yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılmıştır. 459 katılımcıdan elde edilen veriler SPSS ve AMOS programları kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda marka etiğinin marka imajı ve tutumu üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu, marka etiğinin marka imajı ve tutumu aracılığıyla marka tercihini dolaylı olarak etkilediği görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda marka imajının marka tutumu ve tercihi üzerinde, marka tutumunun ise marka tercihi üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, ilgili değişkenlerin bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla ele alınması ve sonuçların ampirik bulgularla ortaya konulmasıyla literatüre katkı sağlama potansiyeline sahiptir.
Efectos de la realidad aumentada y virtual en estudiantes con TEA (Effects of augmented and virtual reality on students with ASD)
Authors: López-Belmonte Jesús , Dúo-Terrón Pablo , Moreno-Guerrero Antonio-José , Marín-Marín José-Antonio
Published: May 2024

El objetivo general de esta investigación es comprobar el impacto de una intervención en alumnos con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) desde dos perspectivas diferentes, tradicional e innovadora con realidad aumentada (RA) y virtual (RV). Se trata de un estudio de investigación cuantitativo con un diseño cuasi-experimental pretest-postest en un mismo grupo de sujetos. Se establecieron dos tipos de variables, la acción formativa desplegada (enfoque tradicional y RA-RV) y el efecto causado en las distintas dimensiones presentadas (motivación, atención, comunicación, autonomía y resultados de aprendizaje). La muestra estuvo formada por 23 personas con TEA, con una edad media de 10,52 años. Se concluye que el diseño y la adaptación de las tecnologías a las necesidades individuales de los alumnos con TEA son importantes. La comorbilidad puede afectar a los resultados del aprendizaje en los enfoques tradicionales, pero no en los innovadores. El uso adecuado y equilibrado de la RA y la RV puede maximizar los beneficios y minimizar los posibles efectos negativos para los alumnos con TEA.
Non-volant mammals in the central Andes Yungas: the Pampa Hermosa National Sanctuary
Authors: Cervantes Klauss , Arias Edith , Aguilar Adela , Larico César , Pacheco Víctor
Published: May 2024

The Pampa Hermosa National Sanctuary (SNPH) is a Natural Protected Area (11,543 ha) that encompasses a large extension of central Yungas; however, despite its high priority status for the conservation of biodiversity, the non-volant mammals have been poorly documented.  This study reports the non-volant mammals from the Yungas of the SNPH and its buffer zone, for the first time.  We sampled four localities: Podocarpus (1,900 m), Los Cedros (1,600 m), Santa Isabel (1,450 m), and Nueva Italia (1,370 m), which encompass very humid premontane and montane forests.  We used capture methods for small mammals; and direct and indirect records for medium and large-sized mammals.  The capture effort was 6,860 traps-night (Sherman and Victor traps) and 490 buckets-night (pitfall traps).  We recorded 31 native species: six marsupials, one cingulate, two primates, 18 rodents, two carnivores, and two artiodactyls, including the threatened species Lagothrix lagotricha tschudii and two endemic rodents.  The most diverse orders were rodents and marsupials (77 %).  The analysis of true diversity (qD) showed that the montane forests of SNPH (1,600 to 1,900 m) had the highest values: Los Cedros (0D = 18.80) when order q = 0; and Podocarpus (1D = 6.34; 2D = 4.99) when order q = 1, 2.  The rank-abundance curves indicated the same taxa group (Hylaeamys yunganus, Akodon cf. A. aerosus, and species of Neacomys) as the most abundant at all localities.  The species Marmosa (Micoureus) constantiae, Hylaeamys yunganus, Rhipidomys gardneri, Euryoryzomys nitidus, Oligoryzomys microtis, and Neacomys macedoruizi are the first records for the region of Junín.  One species of Neacomys and another of Oecomys might be new species to science.  A beta diversity analysis showed that the Yungas of SNPH are more similar to the Manu National Park (21 %) and the Tingo María National Park (20 %); highlighting that dissimilarity is high even between relatively close communities.  Our study indicates that the SNPH allow connectivity with other nearby Yungas, especially for medium and large-sized mammals that need pristine and preserved forests.  Nevertheless, the real diversity of the region is still far from being completely inventoried; additional evaluations with a diverse array of methods are needed toward that goal.  In addition, the local and regional governments should get involved in conserving these fragile forests where the changes in land use may affect many key and endemic species.
Por mais encontros entre a gestão editorial e institucional: reflexões sobre a Revista Enfermagem UERJ
Authors: Rafael Ricardo de Mattos Russo , Correia Luiza Mara
Published: May 2024

Editorial acerca do compromisso entre a gestão institucional da Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e a Revista Enfermagem UERJ, escrito pela Diretora e Vice-Diretor da unidade acadêmica na gestão 2020-2024, a convite da Editora Chefe da Revista.
O (des)cuidado em saúde às pessoas LGBTQIAP+ dispensado por profissionais em unidades básicas de saúde
Authors: Oliveira Bárbara Angélica Santos de , Suto Cleuma Sueli Santos , Porcino Carle , Cortes Helena Moraes , Souza Sinara de Lima
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: compreender o cuidado em saúde dispensado às pessoas LGBTQIAP+ por profissionais em Unidades Básicas de Saúde, a partir do referencial teórico da Política Nacional de Saúde LGBT (PNSILGBT) estabelecida pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, que entrevistou 12 profissionais de saúde da Atenção Básica. Os dados coletados passaram pela Análise Lexical utilizando-se do software IRAMUTEQ. Resultados: emergiram três categorias temáticas que possibilitaram compreender que os profissionais reconhecem as violências praticadas na assistência a essa população, as barreiras no acesso e as dificuldades enfrentadas por pessoas LGBTQIAP+. Considerações finais: o desconhecimento das políticas e a não percepção das consequências dessas ações para a saúde dessa população remete muito mais ao (des)cuidado do que efetivamente ao cuidado condizente as suas reais necessidades em saúde.
Mineração de Dados Educacionais para a Predição de Evasão
Authors: Salaberri Piero , Piovesan Sandra , Irala Valesca
Published: May 2024

A evasão é um problema que assola instituições de ensino superior públicas e privadas em todo o mundo e estratégias para análise dos motivos para o fenômeno abundam em publicações científicas. Muitos trabalhos que objetivam encontrar as técnicas e práticas mais apropriadas e efetivas para a identificação dos indutores de desistência no aluno acabam por se alicerçar no uso de tecnologias para aprimorar a análise dos dados e atingir um maior volume de informação processada. O presente estudo visa identificar boas práticas para o uso de mineração de dados para informações de cunho educacional. Para tanto, investigou-se práticas já existentes na literatura para a estruturação de uma pesquisa com dados de uma universidade pública no interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo conta com testes práticos com os algoritmos Árvore de Decisão C4.5, Random Forest e Redes Neurais em diferentes conjuntos de dados. O trabalho demonstra que o algoritmo Random Forest conseguiu ter maior precisão na identificação dos alunos em risco de evasão. A partir desta experiência outras instituições poderão basear-se para a definição de suas melhores práticas.
Evolução do Modelo de Negócio: O Caso de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior
Authors: Silva e Meirelles Dimária , Bonome de Souza Marques Mariana
Published: May 2024

A evolução de um modelo de negócio é tema recorrente na literatura, porém a sua abordagem ainda é um desafio, sobretudo do ponto de vista metodológico. A partir de uma abordagem de pesquisa processual, que permite uma perspectiva de observação longitudinal e em profundidade dos eventos, este artigo visa descrever o processo evolutivo do modelo de negócio de uma instituição de ensino superior privada, localizada no estado de São Paulo. São analisadas as várias fases do modelo de negócio da instituição, desde a constituição até o encerramento, conforme incidentes críticos e como eles atuaram nos componentes do modelo de negócio. Verificou-se que, a evolução deste modelo de negócio seguiu um ciclo teleológico: a partir do descontentamento com a situação vigente, buscaram-se soluções, foram visualizados e implementados objetivos para evoluir o modelo de negócio. Dentre as duas alternativas identificadas na literatura de modelo de negócio para condução de processos evolutivos, observou-se que as ações de experimentação marcaram tanto a construção inicial do modelo de negócio como etapa seguinte de ascensão. Já nos dois processos evolutivos seguintes, as ações de Extensão e Revisão são predominantes.
Emergency general surgery: a ‘state of the nation’ survey
Authors: Walsh A , Olivier J , Old O
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

Many projects seek to improve emergency general surgery (EGS) care across England. However, no study to date has examined how EGS is currently organised or how this is evolving. The aim of this study was to determine the current status of EGS organisation in England, whether this correlates with measures of hospital activity and changes proposed in the future.

METHODS

Surveys were sent to all NHS trusts in England via freedom of information requests. Trusts were given eight weeks to reply. Trust characteristics were ascertained by asking their organisational structure as well as acute bed numbers, number of admissions under general surgery, number of cases submitted to the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit in 2021 and whether they planned to start an EGS service within the next five years. Organisational structures were categorised as: a) mixed general surgical take; b) daily allocation to a subspecialty; c) dedicated EGS consultants/service covering weekdays; d) dedicated EGS consultants/service covering weekdays and weekends; or e) other.

RESULTS

A total of 101 organisations responded. There were 36 organisations in group A, 16 in group B, 10 in group C, 30 in group D and 5 in group E. Four organisations declined to supply information on organisational structure. No trust characteristic was significantly different between organisational structures. Two-fifths (41%) of the organisations reported having an EGS service in place (groups C and D). Almost a quarter (23%) of those without an EGS service reported plans to implement one within the next five years.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results indicate a growing trend towards implementing EGS services in England, with over 50% of trusts expected to offer such a service in five years’ time. It is important to pursue a collaborative definition of best practice for EGS to ensure high quality care for patients.
From experience to actions for justice: learners’ views on epistemic, environmental and transitional justice in Nepal, Peru and Uganda
Authors: Shields Robin , Muratkyzy Ainur , Paudel Mohan , Singh Ashik , Nuwategeka Expedito , Rodriguez María Fernanda , Paulson Julia
Published: May 2024

Understanding how today’s children will act in the future is essential to education supporting sustainable development. This study investigated how students in three contexts in Nepal, Peru and Uganda understand environmental, epistemic and transitional justice. It used a tablet-based app to present students with scenarios that illustrates different attitudes, experiences and intended actions with respect to these three forms of justice and analysed responses to focus on factors related to intended actions. The analysis suggests that both attitudes and experiences are important in shaping intended actions in the future. Thus, education systems should not only develop attitudes to support sustainable development, but also exemplify and embody socially justice practices, providing students with experience of social contexts that support sustainable development.
Voice
Authors: Fast Heidi , Tiainen Milla
Published: May 2024

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Bears and Dogs: Animals, Animal Metaphors, and the Telling of Rape and Gendered Collectivity in Fredrik Backman's Beartown
Authors: Nygren Anna
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Fredrik Backman's Beartown trilogy (2016–2021) tells the story of the fictional Swedish peripheral city Beartown and how it is affected by the rape of a young girl. This article examines the novels' use of animals and animal metaphors. Through Deleuze and Guattari's theories of becoming-animal, it investigates how humanity is negotiated through the closeness to nature.
La sofisticación artística y el espejo de la miseria: la colección Palabra e Imagen de Lumen como vehículo de memoria
Authors: Villamia Luis
Published: May 2024

RESUMEN: La colección Palabra e Imagen de Lumen, que apareció en 1961, representa uno de los mayores logros de la edición española de las últimas décadas. En 2004 el Museo Reina Sofía organizó una exposición de fotolibros españoles del siglo XX que estaba integrada en gran medida por libros de esta colección. Desde entonces estos volúmenes se han despojado de su función básica de ser leídos y se han convertido casi en reliquias del patrimonio cultural español. Son productos culturales que pueden ser concebidos como vehículos de memoria que revelan, a través del estilo de documental humanista que cultivaban muchos de aquellos fotógrafos, una realidad de miseria que estaba ausente de la oficialidad del régimen franquista. Desde una perspectiva de la memoria, estas fotos interesan hoy en día ensambladas unas a otras como un gran caleidoscopio que nos asalta y que demanda a la nueva generación hacerse cargo de una deuda con el pasado. Abstract: The collection of books Palabra e Imagen from Lumen, which began in 1961, undoubtedly represents one of the major achievements of Spanish publishing in recent decades, not only for its exquisite and unique design, but also because the best Spanish narrators and photographers from the sixties took part in it. Today these books are expensive, almost luxury goods, and hard to find. In 2004, the Reina Sofia Museum in Madrid organized an exhibition of Spanish Photobooks from the 20th century, modeled to a large extent on books from this collection. Since then, these volumes have lost their primary function of being read and have become instead relics of Spanish cultural heritage. These photos are cultural products that can be considered as objects of memory that reveal, through their humanist documentary style, a reality of misery absent from the official rhetoric of the Franco regime. From a memory perspective, these photos attract attention nowadays as a collective snapshot that assaults our senses and that requires the new generation to acknowledge a debt from the past.
El eunuco Luis como parodia de Polifemo en la Novela del celoso extremeño de Miguel de Cervantes
Authors: Hidalgo José Manuel
Published: May 2024

RESUMEN: Este trabajo ofrece una lectura del personaje Luis de la Novela del celoso extremeño de Miguel de Cervantes en conexión con la figura del cíclope Polifemo del Canto 9 de la Odisea de Homero. El estudio de los elementos del vino, la música, el color negro de Luis, y su mula destapan una asociación sutil entre ambos personajes. Además, un estudio diacrónico del mito de Polifemo lo presenta enamorado de la ninfa Galatea. La no correspondencia amorosa de Galatea hace que Polifemo muestre su maestría a la hora de cantar sus desamores acompañado de su instrumento musical. Se presenta así una imitación literaria y paródica de este gigante que aparece ahora transformado en el eunuco Luis. Con todo, este ensayo muestra la adaptación letrada que Miguel de Cervantes hace de un conocido encuentro mítico y que brinda a sus lectores de manera oculta y jocosa. Abstract: This work offers a reading of the character Luis from the Novel of the Jealous Extremaduran by Miguel de Cervantes that connects him with the cyclops Polyphemus from Book 9 of Homer's Odyssey. This study of the elements of wine, music, Luis's blackness, and his mule, reveals a subtle association between both characters. In addition, a diachronic study of the myth of Polyphemus shows him to be in love with the nymph Galatea. Galatea's rejection of Polyphemus's love forces him to show his musical mastery, which he does by singing of his heartbreaks accompanied by his musical instrument. By these means, Cervantes introduces a literary and parodic imitation of Polyphemus, who now appears to be transformed into the eunuch Luis. This essay explores the literary adaptation that Miguel de Cervantes makes of a well-known mythical encounter which he offers to his readers in a hidden and humorous way.
Trading Places: Continuity and Change in Northern Ireland's Trading Relationships
Authors: Birnie Esmond
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: Northern Ireland's external trading relations for 2011–22 were analysed using the NISRA 'Northern Ireland economic trade statistics'. The major geographical markets were considered: Northern Ireland itself, Ireland, Great Britain (GB), rest of EU and rest of the world. In volume terms exports and external sales of goods declined during 2011–22. There was considerable growth of services. Trade integration between Northern Ireland and Ireland was considered as one indicator of the all-island economy. For both goods and services, especially the former, Northern Ireland sales to Ireland outgrew those going to GB during 2011–22. Potential explanations were considered: development of cross-border supply chains, impact on aggregate figures of the closure/contraction of a small number of larger firms and InterTradeIreland interventions. Data for 2021 and 2022 were used to consider the impact of the Protocol: more rapid growth in Northern Ireland purchases of goods from Ireland than from GB may indicate trade diversion.
A Note on Adjoint Reality in Simple Complex Lie Algebras
Authors: Gongopadhyay Krishnendu , Maity Chandan
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Let G be a Lie group with Lie algebra [inline-graphic 01i]. In [8], an infinitesimal version of the notion of classical reality, namely adjoint reality, has been introduced. An element X ∈ [inline-graphic 01i] is adjoint real if −X belongs to the adjoint orbit of X in [inline-graphic 01i]. In this paper, we investigate the adjoint real and the strongly adjoint real semi-simple elements in complex simple classical Lie algebras. We also prove that every element in a complex symplectic Lie algebra is adjoint real.
Design of a nano-scale optical 2-bit analog to digital converter based on artificial intelligence
Authors: Hussein Nashwan.J. , Saeed Saeed R. , Hatem Ahmed S.
Published: May 2024

A novel, to our knowledge, optical 2-bit analog to digital converter
(ADC) plasmonic waveguide was proposed using a metal–insulator–metal
(MIM) with a circular disk resonator. A mutual cooperation between the
finite element method of COMSOL software and MATLAB with the aid of
artificial intelligence (AI) presented by the multi-layer perceptron
(MLP) has been proposed for implementing the main structure. The phase
shift difference between the input and the control ports is the basic
principle used to select the outcomes on the output port. The
transmission threshold (Tthreshold) is selected to be 0.5, resonance
wavelength is 1040 nm, and the footprint of the design is 1200×2500nm. Several criteria like full width at
half maximum (FWHM), contrast ratio (CR), modulation depth (MD),
insertion loss (IL), and curves covering a complete wavelength range
from 800 to 2000 nm versus transmission value (Tv) are
simulated to evaluate the plasmonic system performance. The FWHM is
17 nm, CR is equal to 10.8 dB, MD and IL are 98.17% and −1dB, respectively, and the quality factor
(Q-factor) for a single segment of the design reached 61.17.
Individual differences in color matches and cone spectral sensitivities in 51 young adults
Authors: Shi Keyu , Luo Ming Ronnier , Rider Andrew T. , Song Siyuan , Huang Tingwei , Stockman Andrew
Published: May 2024

Forty-six young adult observers with normal color vision (plus five from an earlier study) made a series of color matches using a new LED-based, multi-wavelength visual trichromator. Thirteen LED lights of different wavelengths were combined to produce 11 triplets of lights that observers were asked to match to a white reference light of 7500 K over visual angles of either 2° or 10°. Matches were initially made by asking observers to adjust the intensities of the three lights making up each triplet. As the experiment progressed, a more intuitive matching procedure was developed. By transforming the triplet of lights into CIELAB space, observers adjusted colors using lightness (L*), redness-greenness (a*), and blueness-yellowness (b*) to make the match with white. The new procedure proved easier for observers and reduced the inter- and intra-observer variability. Given that each of the 11 matches to the reference white for a given observer (obtained by either method) should produce identical L-, M- and S-cone excitations, we were able to use the matches to infer the individual cone spectral sensitivities for each observer and thus estimate the range of individual differences across our 51 observers. By applying a model of the CIEPO06 standard LMS observer, the photopigment, macular and lens optical densities and the L- and M-cone photopigment spectral shifts that best equated the three-cone excitations across the 11 matches were found for each observer. The individual differences were consistent with the CIEPO06 observer except for a 3 nm shift of the M-cone photopigment to longer wavelengths and a slightly denser 2-deg macular pigment density.
Blue-excitable orange-red-emitting M3Y(PO4)3:Pr3+ (M = Ba, Sr, Ca) phosphors for multifunctional applications
Authors: Li Benchun , Sun Haojie , Ding Qingyang , Chen Fayi , Zhang Xiaoshan , Huang Saifang , Zhuang Songlin , Zhang Dawei , Yu Dechao
Published: May 2024

Research on multifunctional luminescent materials has become an emerging trend for new applications of optical sensing, monitoring, anticounterfeiting, lighting, etc. Herein, a library of Pr3+-doped M3Y(PO4)3 (M = Ba, Sr, Ca) phosphors was prepared for careful spectroscopic studies in potential lighting and optical temperature sensing applications. With the help of density functional theory calculation, diffuse reflectance spectra, and steady/dynamic photoluminescence spectra, the effects of alkaline earth metals on the fluorescence properties of M3Y(PO4)3:Pr3+ were studied systematically. Under the excitation of blue ∼ 445 nm, orangish-red fluorescence of approximately 602 nm was efficiently detected due to Pr3+ 1D2 → 3H4 transition, which becomes stronger by regulating alkaline-earth elements from Ba to Sr and to Ca. An optimized Ca3Y(PO4)3:0.7%Pr3+ sample was validated with excellent thermal stability 89%@423 K and further applied to fabricate a white light emitting diode by combining with commercial YAG:Ce3+ phosphors on a 445 nm blue chip. Specifically, CIE chromaticity coordinates (0.3510, 0.3650) and correlated color temperature (∼ 4838 K) were obtained for an obvious improvement. Moreover, optical thermometry properties of Ca3Y(PO4)3:0.7%Pr3+ were explored on basis of Pr3+ 3P0-3P1 thermally coupled energy levels. Their fluorescence intensity ratios following the Boltzmann equation could be operated over 298-598 K with superior relative sensitivity ∼ 0.87% K-1 at 298 K. These interesting results for multifunctional luminescence will greatly promote the development of novel Pr3+-doped luminescent materials as well as the related photoelectric devices.
High-precision and low-noise dielectric tensor tomography using a micro-electromechanical system mirror
Authors: Lee Juheon , Chae Byung Gyu , Kim Hyuneui , Yoon Min Sung , Hugonnet Herve , Park Yong Keun
Published: May 2024

Dielectric tensor tomography is an imaging technique for mapping three-dimensional distributions of dielectric properties in transparent materials. This work introduces an enhanced illumination strategy employing a micro-electromechanical system mirror to achieve high precision and reduced noise in imaging. This illumination approach allows for precise manipulation of light, significantly improving the accuracy of angle control and minimizing diffraction noise compared to traditional beam steering approaches. Our experiments have successfully reconstructed the dielectric properties of liquid crystal droplets, which are known for their anisotropic structures, while demonstrating a notable reduction in the background noise of the images. Additionally, the technique has been applied to more complex samples, revealing its capability to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio. This development represents a significant step forward in the field of birefringence imaging, offering a powerful tool for detailed study of materials with anisotropic properties.
Size-dependent optoelectronic characteristics of InGaN/GaN red micro-LEDs on 4-inch Si substrates: high pixel density arrays demonstration
Authors: Park Juhyuk , Youn Eun-Jeong , Baek Woo Jin , Chu Eun-Kyung , Kim Hyun Soo , Geum Dae-Myeong , Kim Joon Pyo , Kim Bong Ho , Kuk Song-Hyeon , Park Hyeong-Ho , Kim Sang Hyeon
Published: May 2024

In this study, we explored the size-dependent optoelectronic characteristics of InGaN/GaN red micro-LEDs grown on Si substrates. We successfully demonstrated the fabrication of 4-inch wafer-scale InGaN/GaN micro-LEDs, showcasing the feasibility of large-scale production. Additionally, we presented the binary pixel display with 6 µm pitch, achieving a resolution of 4232 PPI. We also introduced a method of driving the display using PWM to linearly control and counteract the blue shift in peak wavelength caused by the QCSE and band-filling effect. Our research represents a significant milestone in the development of InGaN/GaN red micro-LEDs on Si substrates, establishing them as a key component for full-color micro-LED displays.
Nonreciprocal routing of microwave photons with broad bandwidth via magnon-cavity chiral coupling
Authors: Yang Tian-Le , Ye Guang-Zheng , Su Wan-Jun , Wu Huaizhi
Published: May 2024

We propose a scheme for realizing nonreciprocal microwave photon routing with two cascaded magnon-cavity coupled systems, which work around the exceptional points of a parity-time (PT)-symmetric Hamiltonian. An almost perfect nonreciprocal transmission can be achieved with a broad bandwidth, where the transmission for a forward-propagating photon can be flexibly controlled with the backpropagating photon being isolated. The transmission or isolated direction can be reversed via simply controlling the magnetic field direction applied to the magnons. The isolation bandwidth is improved by almost three times in comparison with the device based on a single PT-symmetric system. Moreover, the effect of intrinsic cavity loss and added thermal noises is considered, confirming the experimental feasibility of the nonreciprocal device and potential applications in quantum information processing.
Modeling spatial evolution of multi-drug resistance under drug environmental gradients
Authors: Freire Tomas Ferreira Amaro , Hu Zhijian , Wood Kevin B. , Gjini Erida
Published: May 2024

Multi-drug combinations to treat bacterial populations are at the forefront of approaches for infection control and prevention of antibiotic resistance. Although the evolution of antibiotic resistance has been theoretically studied with mathematical population dynamics models, extensions to spatial dynamics remain rare in the literature, including in particular spatial evolution of multi-drug resistance. In this study, we propose a reaction-diffusion system that describes the multi-drug evolution of bacteria based on a drug-concentration rescaling approach. We show how the resistance to drugs in space, and the consequent adaptation of growth rate, is governed by a Price equation with diffusion, integrating features of drug interactions and collateral resistances or sensitivities to the drugs. We study spatial versions of the model where the distribution of drugs is homogeneous across space, and where the drugs vary environmentally in a piecewise-constant, linear and nonlinear manner. Although in many evolution models, per capita growth rate is a natural surrogate for fitness, in spatially-extended, potentially heterogeneous habitats, fitness is an emergent property that potentially reflects additional complexities, from boundary conditions to the specific spatial variation of growth rates. Applying concepts from perturbation theory and reaction-diffusion equations, we propose an analytical metric for characterization of average mutant fitness in the spatial system based on the principal eigenvalue of our linear problem, λ1. This enables an accurate translation from drug spatial gradients and mutant antibiotic susceptibility traits to the relative advantage of each mutant across the environment. Our approach allows one to predict the precise outcomes of selection among mutants over space, ultimately from comparing their λ1 values, which encode a critical interplay between growth functions, movement traits, habitat size and boundary conditions. Such mathematical understanding opens new avenues for multi-drug therapeutic optimization.
Astrocytes as a mechanism for contextually-guided network dynamics and function
Authors: Gong Lulu , Pasqualetti Fabio , Papouin Thomas , Ching ShiNung
Published: May 2024

Astrocytes are a ubiquitous and enigmatic type of non-neuronal cell and are found in the brain of all vertebrates. While traditionally viewed as being supportive of neurons, it is increasingly recognized that astrocytes play a more direct and active role in brain function and neural computation. On account of their sensitivity to a host of physiological covariates and ability to modulate neuronal activity and connectivity on slower time scales, astrocytes may be particularly well poised to modulate the dynamics of neural circuits in functionally salient ways. In the current paper, we seek to capture these features via actionable abstractions within computational models of neuron-astrocyte interaction. Specifically, we engage how nested feedback loops of neuron-astrocyte interaction, acting over separated time-scales, may endow astrocytes with the capability to enable learning in context-dependent settings, where fluctuations in task parameters may occur much more slowly than within-task requirements. We pose a general model of neuron-synapse-astrocyte interaction and use formal analysis to characterize how astrocytic modulation may constitute a form of meta-plasticity, altering the ways in which synapses and neurons adapt as a function of time. We then embed this model in a bandit-based reinforcement learning task environment, and show how the presence of time-scale separated astrocytic modulation enables learning over multiple fluctuating contexts. Indeed, these networks learn far more reliably compared to dynamically homogeneous networks and conventional non-network-based bandit algorithms. Our results fuel the notion that neuron-astrocyte interactions in the brain benefit learning over different time-scales and the conveyance of task-relevant contextual information onto circuit dynamics.
Evaluation of short-term hair follicle storage conditions for maintenance of RNA integrity
Authors: Harkin Eilís E. , Browne John A. , Murphy Barbara A.
Published: May 2024

Hair follicles provide an easily accessible tissue for interrogating gene expression for multiple purposes in mammals. RNAlater® is a liquid storage solution that stabilises and preserves cellular RNA, eliminating the need to immediately process or freeze tissue specimens. The manufacturer advises storage of samples at 2-8°C overnight before transfer to –20°C. This study aimed to evaluate RNA integrity in hair follicle samples collected from horses, stabilized in RNAlater®, and stored under three short-term storage conditions. Mane hair samples complete with follicles were collected from four horses at a single time point. Approximately 15 hairs were placed in each of three 2 mL tubes containing 0.75ml RNAlater® solution. Test group A was stored at 4°C for 24-h, then decanted and stored at -20°C. Test groups B and C were stored at 4°C and 19°C (room temperature) respectively for 7 days, then decanted and stored at -20°C. RNA was isolated from all samples and RNA quantity and quality were measured. One-way ANOVA revealed no difference in RNA concentration (A:516 +/-125 ng/ml, B:273+/-93 ng/ml, C:476+/-176 ng/ml;P = 0.2) or quality (A:9.5 +/-0.19, B:9.8+/-0.09, C:9.2+/-0.35 RIN; P = 0.46) between the test groups. There were no group differences in mean Cycle Threshold values from qPCR validation assays confirming high-quality template cDNA. The results suggest that storage of hair follicles for one week in RNAlater® at cool or room temperature conditions will not compromise RNA integrity and will permit extended transport times from remote sampling locations without the need for freezing.
Sleep quality and mental health among Chinese nurses after the COVID-19 pandemic: A moderated model
Authors: Zhao Yanyan , Liu Fuzhi , Lin Pingzhen , Tu Zhuote , Wu Biyu
Published: May 2024

Introduction and aims

In the specialized nursing setting, nurses are susceptible to developing negative mental health issues. Such conditions among nurses can potentially result in unfavorable medical outcomes. Consequently, this study aims to explore the role of social support in regulating between sleep and mental health in nurses.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out in September 2022 on 1219 nurses in Quanzhou. The study comprised general demographic information and utilized various questionnaires, namely the Social Support Rate Scale (SSRS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire (PSQI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The data analysis was performed using t-tests, ANOVAs, Pearsons correlations and hierarchical regression analyses in SPSS software.

Results

Results show that significant associations of sleep quality and social support with anxiety and depression. Simple slope analysis shows that under low levels of social support, sleep quality has a positive impact on anxiety(β = 0.598) and depression(β = 0.851), and the impact is significant. Under high levels of social support, sleep quality also has a positive impact on anxiety(β = 0.462) and depression(β = 0.578), but the impact is smaller. This indicates that as the level of social support increases, the positive predictive effect of sleep quality on anxiety and depression gradually diminishes.

Conclusions

Social support has the potential to alter the impact of sleep quality on anxiety and depression. Therefore, healthcare policymakers need to focus on enhancing the level of social support and mitigating the impact of poor sleep on anxiety and depression.
Gender disparity between first and senior authors on liver cancer research in the top journals of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Authors: Shi Huiqin , Xu Huan , Huang Shu , Tan Zhenju , Ma Xinyue , Zhang Han , Zhang Wei , Shi Lei , Zhong Xiaolin , Lü Muhan , Chen Xia , Tang Xiaowei
Published: May 2024

Background

Gender disparity is pervasive in academic medicine. This study aimed to assess the disparity between men and women with regard to first and senior author positions in primary studies on liver cancer over the last two decades.

Methods

We conducted a review of articles published in high-impact factor journals of the field of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020. First and senior authors of all ages were considered as the study population. The authors’ genders were determined using the online artificial intelligence tool genderize.io (https://genderize.io/). The disparity between men and women authors was assessed using the linear-by-linear association test.

Results

665 original articles from 10 journals were reviewed. The point prevalence of first women authors was 25.0% compared with 75.0% for men. The point prevalence of senior women authors was 16.3% compared with 83.7% for men. From 2000 to 2020, the proportion of first women authors increased 14.4% to 26.8% compared with 85.6%-73.2% for men (P = 0.009), and the proportion of senior women authors increased from 7.4% to 19.5%, compared with 92.6%-80.5% for men (P = 0.035). The factor independently associated with a reduced representation of women among first authors was the region of author. The factor independently associated with a reduced representation of women among senior authors was the impact factor of journals.

Conclusion

The findings indicated a remarkable increase in the proportion of women, both first and senior authors, over the past two decades in the field of liver cancers. However, the representation of women authors in this area is far less than that of men.
Arctos: Community-driven innovations for managing natural and cultural history collections
Authors: Cicero Carla , Koo Michelle S. , Braker Emily , Abbott John , Bloom David , Campbell Mariel , Cook Joseph A. , Demboski John R. , Doll Andrew C. , Frederick Lindsey M. , Linn Angela J. , Mayfield-Meyer Teresa J. , McDonald Dusty L. , Nachman Michael W. , Olson Link E. , Roberts Dawn , Sikes Derek S. , Witt Christopher C. , Wommack Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2024

More than tools for managing physical and digital objects, museum collection management systems (CMS) serve as platforms for structuring, integrating, and making accessible the rich data embodied by natural history collections. Here we describe Arctos, a scalable community solution for managing and publishing global biological, geological, and cultural collections data for research and education. Specific goals are to: (1) Describe the core features and implementation of Arctos for a broad audience with respect to the biodiversity informatics principles that enable high quality research; (2) Highlight the unique aspects of Arctos; (3) Illustrate Arctos as a model for supporting and enhancing the Digital Extended Specimen concept; and (4) Emphasize the role of the Arctos community for improving data discovery and enabling cross-disciplinary, integrative studies within a sustainable governance model. In addition to detailing Arctos as both a community of museum professionals and a collection database platform, we discuss how Arctos achieves its richly annotated data by creating a web of knowledge with deep connections between catalog records and derived or associated data. We also highlight the value of Arctos as an educational resource. Finally, we present the financial model of fiscal sponsorship by a nonprofit organization, implemented in 2022, to ensure the long-term success and sustainability of Arctos.
Reversion from basal histone H4 hypoacetylation at the replication fork increases DNA damage in FANCA deficient cells
Authors: Teresa Benilde García-de , Ayala-Zambrano Cecilia , González-Suárez Mirna , Molina Bertha , Torres Leda , Rodríguez Alfredo , Frías Sara
Published: May 2024

The FA/BRCA pathway safeguards DNA replication by repairing interstrand crosslinks (ICL) and maintaining replication fork stability. Chromatin structure, which is in part regulated by histones posttranslational modifications (PTMs), has a role in maintaining genomic integrity through stabilization of the DNA replication fork and promotion of DNA repair. An appropriate balance of PTMs, especially acetylation of histones H4 in nascent chromatin, is required to preserve a stable DNA replication fork. To evaluate the acetylation status of histone H4 at the replication fork of FANCA deficient cells, we compared histone acetylation status at the DNA replication fork of isogenic FANCA deficient and FANCA proficient cell lines by using accelerated native immunoprecipitation of nascent DNA (aniPOND) and in situ protein interactions in the replication fork (SIRF) assays. We found basal hypoacetylation of multiple residues of histone H4 in FA replication forks, together with increased levels of Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). Interestingly, high-dose short-term treatment with mitomycin C (MMC) had no effect over H4 acetylation abundance at the replication fork. However, chemical inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDAC) with Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) induced acetylation of the FANCA deficient DNA replication forks to levels comparable to their isogenic control counterparts. This forced permanence of acetylation impacted FA cells homeostasis by inducing DNA damage and promoting G2 cell cycle arrest. Altogether, this caused reduced RAD51 foci formation and increased markers of replication stress, including phospho-RPA-S33. Hypoacetylation of the FANCA deficient replication fork, is part of the cellular phenotype, the perturbation of this feature by agents that prevent deacetylation, such as SAHA, have a deleterious effect over the delicate equilibrium they have reached to perdure despite a defective FA/BRCA pathway.
Grazing resistance developed in Escherichia coli K-12 during coexistence with a bacterivorous protist
Authors: Nakamura Kanji , Miyauchi Keisuke
Published: May 2024

A development of grazing resistance in Escherichia coli K-12 was examined in the presence of a bacterivorous protist, Spumella sp. TGKK2. Two transformants were generated from E. coli K12 for grazing experiments. One was E. coli K-12-TGF, which possesses tetracycline resistance and green fluorescence. The other was E. coli K-12-KRF with kanamycin resistance and red fluorescence. These strains can be selectively colonized on antibiotic-containing agar media and further confirmed by their fluorescent colors. First, we added protist-untouched E. coli K-12-KRF to protist-touched residual E. coli K-12-TGF that had been attacked by Spumella sp. TGKK2 in a batch test. Then the survivability of the respective strains was investigated. Consequently, E. coli K-12-KRF was predated preferentially. On the other hand, E. coli K-12-TGF in the same tube was less predated, indicating some grazing resistance. Similar phenomena were observed when the conditions of these two strains of bacteria were reversed. Also, a continuous culture device supplied with a glucose-containing medium as a substrate was operated. The device connected two complete mixed reactors in series. E. coli K-12-TGF was cultivated in the first reactor, and then grown E. coli K-12-TGF was predated by Spumella sp. TGKK2 in the second reactor. The effluent in the second reactor containing residual E. coli K-12-TGF and Spumella sp. TGKK2 was supplemented with batch-cultured E. coli K-12-KRF. Consequently, it was confirmed that bach-cultured E. coli K-12-KRF never exposed to protist was predated preferentially. These findings reveal that E. coli K12 acquires some predation resistance through coexistence with the bacterivorous protist.
Corporate social responsibility: A key driver of sustainable development in China’s post-COVID economy
Authors: Salman Muhammad , Zhu Yongming , Kiran Saima , Sibt e Ali Muhammad , Ali Talpur Bandeh , Raza Talpur Kazim , Laghari Madeeha , Raza Talpur Samar
Published: May 2024

The first goal of this research was to measure the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the sustainable development of an organization. However, the second objective examines the moderating influence of government policies, cultural norms, and stakeholder expectations on the relationship between CSR and an organization’s sustainable development. This research primarily focused on the enterprises operating in the energy industry in Beijing. A sample of 498 individuals holding management positions within these enterprises was collected. The study’s results established that CSR significantly influences the sustainable development of firms. Moreover, the results revealed that governmental regulations, cultural norms, and stakeholder expectations play a significant and positive role in moderating the impact of corporate social responsibility on the sustainable development of companies. The results of this study make a valuable contribution to the existing body of literature on CSR and its impact on the sustainable performance of enterprises in China.
Free roaming of 3D stratum models based on internal and external boundary identification
Authors: Zhong Yusen , Liu Zhen , Zhou Cuiying
Published: May 2024

3D stratum roaming can visualize the complex geomorphology, underground structure and stratum distribution of geotechnical engineering. Conventional 3D stratum roaming technology is generally aimed at roaming outside the 3D stratum model but rarely roams inside the 3D stratum model, and the efficiency of switching between external and internal roaming is low. In practical engineering, especially in geological and geotechnical engineering, the underground structure and stratum situation are critical. Therefore, focusing on this problem, this paper adopts a three-dimensional roaming engine to connect the inside and outside of a three-dimensional model. Based on an internal and external boundary identification method, the combination of external roaming and internal roaming of the three-dimensional stratum model is implemented by using a stratum virtual surface, and lightweight loading is carried out by controlling the stratum virtual surface to establish the internal and external roaming of the 3D stratum model, and to give full play to the advantages of lightweight loading to provide more intuitive and comprehensive geological information for the project.