bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia and other countries: analysis of anti-crisis programs, impact on the position in international rankings and prospects for recovery
Authors:   Market Economy Institute of RAS, Zoidov Kobiljon Kh. , Jankauskas Konstantin S. ,   Market Economy Institute of RAS
Published: November 2021

The article examines the socio-economic consequences of the COIVD-19 pandemic, such as the increase in poverty and social differentiation. Goal. To identify and analyze the socio-economic consequences of the COIVD-19 pandemic in Russia and other countries of the world, the measures taken by national governments to combat these consequences, as well as the dynamics of Russia's position in international economic rankings and the presence or absence of a connection between this dynamics and the dynamics of investment in the national economy. Objectives. Analysis of indicators of poverty and social stratification in Russia and the world in the context of the COIVD-19 pandemic; comparison of anti-crisis economic programs in the largest countries and Russia by GDP; study of the methodology of the most credible international economic rankings; comparative analysis of the dynamics of Russia's position in international economic rankings and the dynamics of capital investment and foreign direct investment in Russia. Methodology. The methods of system analysis, classification and comparison, evolutionary-institutional theory and historical approach were applied. Statistical and other data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, federal executive authorities of the Russian Federation, the Eurasian Economic Commission were used, and their own calculations were carried out on the basis of these data. Results. It was revealed that in order to combat the socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments in different countries implemented comprehensive packages of measures including such as increasing health care costs, direct support for the population, maintaining employment, promoting small and medium-sized businesses, and the most affected sectors of the economy. The total volume of the anti-crisis program in Russia, calculated as a percentage of GDP, is about 2-3 times less than in the largest world economies. Conclusions. At the same time, our country is distinguished by a significantly higher level of concentration of wealth in the hands of a group of so-called «super-rich» citizens, compared to the global average and the level of Eastern European countries, even in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, the dynamics of the volume of capital investment and foreign direct investment, as possible sources of recovery of economic growth, significantly lags behind the dynamics of Russia's position in some international ratings.
Gravitational econometric models of foreign trade of the EAEU+ countries: analysis, assessment and search for sources of inclusive economic growth
Authors:   Market Economy Institute of RAS, Zoidov Kobiljon Kh. , Zoidov Zafar K. ,   Market Economy Institute of RAS
Published: November 2021

The article presents an analysis and assessment of Russia's foreign trade cooperation based on the gravitational econometric model with other EAEU+ countries with which there are stable economic relations. Inclusive growth is understood as economic growth aimed at creating favorable conditions for improving the quality of life and ensuring equal opportunities for all groups of the population in the national economy. Ensuring economic inclusion is the most important condition for sustainable economic growth. The main idea of the approach is a gravitational econometric model of foreign trade and foreign trade turnover, which directly depends on the economic capabilities of trading countries (GDP) and inversely depends on the distance between these countries. Goal. To test the hypothesis that the growth of income from trade is possible in the future, taking into account the growth of GDP in the EAEU+ member states. To develop gravitational econometric models of Russia's foreign trade within the framework of the development and expansion of the EAEU. Tasks. To present a retrospective analysis of the foreign economic activity of Russia and other EAEU+ countries in the period from 1991 to 2021. To analyze, evaluate and search for sources of inclusive economic growth based on the use of gravitational econometric models of foreign trade of the EAEU+ countries. Methodology. The methods of system analysis, classification and comparison, evolutionary-institutional theory and analytical approach were applied in the course of the study. Results. The high empirical accuracy of gravitational econometric models, demonstrated by their use in research, allows us to build the most reliable medium-term forecasts of economic growth and development of foreign trade, to search for the optimal scenario for the realization of the export potential of the national economy to adapt to the geo-graphical trade race. It should be noted that the use of gravitational economic models to identify trade relations that can be implemented both locally and globally. Conclusions. Based on the results of the gravitational econometric model of foreign trade, it is established that in the future the growth of trade turnover between the EAEU+ countries are possible taking into account the GDP growth of these countries. The EAEU+ countries have significant economic potential to increase mutual trade flows and further integration into world trade.
Import substitution in the context of ensuring the economic sovereignty of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Market Economy Institute of RAS, Prodchenko Igor A.
Published: November 2021

The study is devoted to the assessment of the interim results of the implementation of import substitution programs in key sectors of Russian industry, as well as their relationship with the level of economic sovereignty of the country. Goal. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the interim results of import substitution programs in key industries, to determine and characterize their impact on ensuring the economic sovereignty of the country. Research methodology. The study used a comparative and retrospective analysis of import substitution processes in Russia, as well as theories and concepts of ensuring the economic sovereignty of the state, the use of which allowed us to identify the importance of import substitution in the conditions of sectoral sanctions against Russian industrial enterprises. Results. The results of the scientific research allowed us to reveal the existing theoretical approaches to determining the place and role of import substitution in the system of state measures to ensure its economic sovereignty. The results of the assessment of the interim results of the implementation of import substitution programs in key industries are presented separately, the analysis of the factors preventing the achievement of key indicators in reducing import dependence and ensuring the required level of economic sovereignty of the Russian Federation is carried out. Conclusions/significance. In the course of the scientific research, the importance of applying the results of the implementation of import substitution programs in key industries in increasing the level of economic sovereignty of the country is proved. The results of the study allow us to assert that the sectoral economic sanctions imposed against Russia, in addition to the negative, had a positive effect, which consisted in updating the technological base of industrial and agricultural enterprises, in mastering the production of new types of products, in the structural reorganization of key branches of Russian industry that had begun. The correctness of the thesis that to ensure the economic sovereignty of the country, not full, but selective import substitution is required is confirmed. Otherwise, Russian enterprises will be deprived of access to new technologies and will not be able to implement their own diversification programs.
Estándares y trabajo colaborativo como parte de la enseñanza BIM en educación superior
Authors: Gutiérrez Karen , Godoy Paulina
Published: November 2021

El documento se propone determinar la importancia de los espacios de colaboración en entornos BIM (Building Information Modeling) como fundamento del cambio de paradigma que vive hoy la educación superior, frente a la formación de profesionales con las competencias necesarias para responder a los requerimientos actuales y futuros de la industria AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction).

Para lograrlo, se revisarán los aspectos más relevantes a considerar para generar un cambio en la forma de enseñar, enfocándose en incentivar el uso de espacios de colaboración como parte de un proceso de trabajo multidisciplinario. En este sentido, la importancia de potenciar la enseñanza de la metodología BIM radica en su base de procesos y tecnologías colaborativas para aumentar la eficiencia en la ejecución de proyectos de la industria de la construcción. De esta forma se buscar fortalecer la respuesta académica a la disponibilidad de profesionales con las competencias exigidas en el mercado actual y presentar nuevas formas de hacer educación frente a una acelerada transformación digital. Además, se abordan los distintos estándares de la industria de la construcción, y en especial los que dan sustento a la metodología BIM, y que posibilitan mantener consistencia y trazabilidad de la información en todo el ciclo de vida de un proyecto, sin importar en número de participantes de distintas disciplinas que se involucren en él.

Detalles del artículo
Género, medioambiente y equidad: Tres conceptos claves en la gestión de Recursos Humanos del presente y futuro.
Authors: Acuña-Jujihara Bárbara , Baeza Cecilia
Published: November 2021

El desarrollo del presente ensayo se enmarca en una reflexión acerca de la gestión de recursos humanos en las empresas y organizaciones de nuestro país, poniendo el énfasis en tres grandes desafíos que están lejos de ser considerados como logrados: (1) Igualdad de género, (2) Gestión ambiental sostenible y (3) Equidad social. Estos desafíos se enmarcan en exigencias emanadas de acuerdos internacionales firmados y ratificados por nuestro país, en relación a los tres ámbitos presentados, que se vinculan por una parte a los derechos laborales de las y los trabajadores, como también a la competitividad de las organizaciones a nivel internacional. Estos desafíos suelen aparecer en términos formales pero pocas veces desarrolladas de manera real al interior de las empresas y organizaciones y suelen responder a presiones internacionales asociados a exigencias de certificación. En las siguientes páginas se presentan antecedentes vinculados a cada uno de los desafíos, como también experiencias exitosas a modo de referencia.
Desafíos de la Implementación de la Estrategia de Negocio
Authors: Bacho Ulises
Published: November 2021

Obstáculos y factores que inciden en la implementación de una estrategia de negocios son analizados en el presente artículo. Mediante una revisión de la literatura pertinente, se describe un breve marco conceptual que identifica los principales obstáculos a la implementación estratégica exitosa. En seguida, se analizan factores que posibilitan implementar correctamente la estrategia de negocio. Se concluye, con el desafío de gestionar de manera interdependiente los factores analizados.
La importancia de la difusión científica.
Authors: Sanhueza Rodrigo , Silva Diego
Published: November 2021

En un momento en que la generación de investigación y en particular su difusión se hace cada vez más urgente y trascendental, es necesario revisar una vez más el cómo se realizara el proceso de divulgación científica, en este caso particular a través de un artículo. Aquí se recogen algunos elementos esenciales del vehículo o dispositivo llamado artículo científico y los elementos que están a la base para su construcción. Para apoyar a los investigadores núbiles que tienen ganas de realizar sus primeras armas en la investigación, pero carecen de un modelo estructurado para dicho fin, por lo que se propone este artículo como un breviario que debiera ser de ayuda para la creación de otros artículos. Teniendo como objetivo realizar una propuesta o pequeña guía de cómo escribir un artículo para principiantes, basadas en la experiencia de los autores.
Formación del arquitecto: La incidencia del proyecto de título en el campo laboral
Authors: Sarmiento Domingo , Caro Guillermo
Published: November 2021

Este artículo desarrolla un análisis reflexivo sobre el aporte que genera el proceso de titulación tradicional (que es utilizado por la mayoría de las escuelas del país) basado en el desarrollo de un anteproyecto ficticio como parte de la formación del arquitecto y su relación con el ejercicio profesional. Estudios previos infieren sobre la distancia entre el proceso de título y el mercado laboral del arquitecto. El objetivo es describir la incidencia, en el ejercicio profesional, que tiene el proceso de titulación vigente en la carrera de arquitectura de una universidad privada de la Región Metropolitana. Para este estudio, se trabajó desde una metodología mixta (CUALI+Cuanti), con un enfoque exploratorio/fenomenológico, en el que se aplicaron entrevistas semi estructuradas y encuestas a 12 alumnos en proceso de titulación y 20 arquitectos egresados de la misma institución, con 3 a 7 años de ejercicio profesional. Los resultados evidencian que la institución debería contar con nuevos métodos de titulación que acerquen al futuro arquitecto a las problemáticas reales y actuales del campo laboral. En conclusión, la titulación a través de un anteproyecto ficticio no incide significativamente y no se relaciona con el ejercicio de la profesión. Se infiere entonces que las escuelas de arquitectura deberían entregar nuevas y mejores opciones de titulación, a partir de los problemas concretos y reales de la sociedad, vinculados al mercado laboral actual de la disciplina.
Social Media for the Surgeon
Authors: Yusuf Omar Faruque
Published: November 2021

Abstract not available

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (2); July 2021; Page 1-2
COVID-19 Pandemic and Prevalence of Self-Care Practices among the Future Physicians: A Bangladesh Study
Authors: Johora Fatema , Abbasy Asma Akter , Jeenia Fatiha Tasmin , Bhowmik Mithun Chandro , Aktar Mohsena , Choudhury Nargis Akhter , Moitra Priyanka , Ferdoush Jannatul
Published: November 2021

Background: Since December 2019, the Novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has garnered global attention due to its rapid transmission, which has infected more than twenty nine million people worldwide. World is facing enormous stress and anxiety as there is no effective medicine or vaccine to treat or prevent COVID-19 till date. Experts are recommending self-care like social distancing, respiratory etiquette, hand washing, using face mask to prevent corona virus infection. The aim of the study to describe the pattern of self care practice among the student of Bangladesh during COVID-19.

Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was designed to assess the prevalence of self-care practice among the undergraduate medical students (4th year) of 14 medical colleges of Bangladesh during COVID-19 pandemic. A structured questionnaire survey linked in the google form was used as study instrument and was distributed among study population through email, messenger, whatsapp and other social media during the month of October 2020. Total 916 students were participated in the study.

Results: 79.8% of students reported self-care practice in study period. 44.98% of students went outside once in a week. 90.5%, 70.96% and 52.62% of respondents always used face mask, followed 20 seconds hand washing principle and maintained social distancing. Face masks (97.8%), sanitizers (76.7%) and gloves (71.9%) are most common items purchased as protective mesures. Most of the students (76.9%) follow their hobbies as a coping strategy to overcome phychological stress, while 6% of students took professional help.

Conclusion: Suboptimal practice of self-care was found among the undergraduate medical students of Bangladesh.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (2); July 2021; Page 22-27
Treatment Result Following Fluoroscopic Guided Close Reduction and Internal Fixation by Per-Cutaneous Crossed K-Wires of Extension Type Gartland Type-II and Type-III Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus in Children
Authors: Kabir Tafhim Ehsan , Humayun Kabir ANM , Biswas Alak Kanti , Anwar Rahma Binte , Islam Touhidul , Nath Tusher Kanti
Published: November 2021

Background : Supracondylar fractures of the humerus is one of the most common fractures in children. Failure to treat properly leads to malunion of the fracture site. For that, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning is considered to be the golden choice for treatment. There are many methods in which percutaneous k-wire fixation can be done. The aim of this study is to report the advantages of percutaneous fixation using cross pinning from both medial and lateral sides.

Materials and methods : A total number of seventy pediatric patients with Gartland type II and type III supracondylar fracture of the humerus were recruited from the outpatient department of two different hospitals between January 2018 and September 2020. All of them were treated using closed reduction and internal fixation using percutaneous crossed k-wires. The treatment outcomes were evaluated using Flynn’s criteria and were compared with other similar studies.

Results : The mean age of study subjects was 8.14 ± 2.8 and the male to female ratio was 1.6:1. In 27(38.6%) cases the left arm was involved while in 43(61.4%) cases the right arm was involved. Preoperative complications included 1(1.4%) case with radial nerve palsy and 4(5.7%) cases with pulseless pink hand. When evaluating cosmetic outcome using Flynn’s criteria, there were 57(81.4%) excellent, 10(14.3%) good and 3(4.3%) fair outcomes. On evaluating outcome according to range of motion deficit outcomes were excellent in 35(50%), good in 22(31.4%), fair in 5(7.2%) and poor in 8(11.4%) children. Post-operative complications were 1(1.4%) ulnar nerve neuropraxia and 5(7.2%) superficial pin tract infections.

Conclusion : Closed reduction and internal fixation using percutaneous crossed kwires placed from the medial and lateral side gives satisfactory cosmetic and functional outcomes in majority of the patients with Gartland type II and III supracondylar fractures of the humerus.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (2); July 2021; Page 32-36
Case Report of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in a Child Related to COVID-19
Authors: Ahmed Faisal , Zahid Hasan , Hasan Moinul , Hossain Anwar , Zaid Md Arman , Rahman ATM Mahmudur , Siddique JA
Published: November 2021

Background : Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a serious condition that appears to be linked to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Most children who become infected with the COVID-19 virus have only a mild illness. Aim of this study to evaluate the children who go on to develop MIS-C, some organs and tissues-such as the heart, lungs, blood vessels, kidneys, digestive system, brain, joints, skin or eyes -become severely inflamed.

Case Report : 11 years old girl admitted in Paediatric Ward of in Imperial Hospital Chattogram on 12 July 2020 with the complains of fever, loose motion, rash in hands, body and legs, swelling of the wrist and ankle joints which were associated with anorexia, nausea , vomiting and bodyache. For this reason the child was evaluated.

Conclusion : Clinical features in children have varied but predominantly include cardiac dysfunction, abdominal pain, and elevated inflammatory markers, including C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Ferritin, D-dimer and Interleukin-6. MIS-C can lead to shock and multiple organ failure requiring intensive care.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (2); July 2021; Page 89-92
Las Rutas de Guerra en la España Nacional: patrimonio, turismo y propaganda política
Authors: Palou Rubio Saida
Published: November 2021

Entre los años 1938 y 1939 el Servicio Nacional de Turismo adscrito al Ministerio de Interior del gobierno sublevado pone en marcha las denominadas Rutas de Guerra, unos itinerarios turísticos en las zonas de guerra donde las tropas nacionales estaban ganando. Dichas rutas tenían la finalidad de legitimar la sublevación militar franquista. Así, a través de la exposición del patrimonio histórico, los turistas podían reconocer la progresiva victoria de los nacionales. Esta modalidad de turismo generó la atención de millares de turistas extranjeros interesados en los impactos de la contienda. Esta experiencia es considerada el único ejemplo de la historia en que un gobierno organiza rutas turísticas comerciales guiadas en una zona de guerra activa. No podemos atribuir, estricto sensu, la categoría de turismo oscuro a esta experiencia, pues sus intereses eran en primer lugar políticos e ideológicos. De todos modos, lo cierto es que generaron unas dinámicas muy similares a las que actualmente se proponen los productos de turismo oscuro, pues pretendían actuar en los sentimientos y emociones de sus visitantes. El presente texto analiza este fenómeno y reflexiona sobre los usos políticos y turísticos del patrimonio histórico en un contexto de guerra activa.
Fatores que podem influenciar na promoção da saúde do caminhoneiro: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Lucileide Alves da , Paz Francisco Adalberto do Nascimento
Published: November 2021

Os caminhoneiros fazem parte de uma grande equipe que movimenta a economia do mundo. A má alimentação, a falta de exercícios físicos, as longas jornadas de trabalho sem obedecer ao repouso recomendado e a falta de proteção nas suas relações sexuais com os profissionais do sexo são um grande potencializador para adquirir alguma doença. O objetivo desse estudo buscou analisar a produção científica acerca fatores que podem influenciar na promoção da saúde do caminhoneiro, o risco de doenças cardiovasculares, nos motoristas de caminhão, conhecer os fatores ocasionados por excesso de longas jornadas de trabalho, alcoolismos e DSTs. O presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão de literatura com pesquisa nas bases de bibliotecas virtuais aplicando os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS), a dados coletados foi coletado registrados em formulário com posterior analise por uma revisora da pesquisa. Resultados: foram identificados 1.776 estudos, 937 na MEDLINE, 349 na PUBMED e 490 na SCIELO. Após a análise pela pesquisadora, 61 estudos foram selecionados para leitura. Desses estudos, 50 foram excluídos após a leitura, sendo selecionados 11 estudos validos para a composição da revisão. No Brasil estudos identificaram inúmeros problemas para a saúde do caminhoneiro. As longas jornadas de trabalho com poucas interrupções fazem que o esse profissional acabe por negligenciar a sua saúde. Além disso o desenvolvimento de certos hábitos contribui como fatores de risco para predisposição de várias doenças. Oferecer compreensão da complexidade acerca dos riscos e a exposição aos fatores que influenciam na saúde do caminhoneiro é de grande importância.
Notificação e identificação do abuso sexual de vulnerável por meio de alterações orofaciais e aspectos comportamentais no ambiente odontológico
Authors: Loiola Nayara Guimarães , Dietrich Lia , Andrade Cláudia Maria de Oliveira
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir aos profissionais da área de Odontologia, informações sobre identificação e notificação de abuso sexual no ambiente odontológico, por meio da análise comportamental e de manifestações orofaciais. Este estudo consiste de revisão de literatura, qualitativa do tipo integrativa. Por meio de consultas nas bases de dados: Google Acadêmico, SciELO, BVS, e PubMed, foram buscados artigos entre os anos de 1990 a 2021, preferencialmente com as palavras chaves: Abuso Sexual Infantil, Notificação Compulsória de Abuso, e Infecção Sexualmente Transmissível. O abuso sexual infantil muitas vezes não é diagnosticado e nem notificado, sendo o cirurgião-dentista obrigado a notificar situações suspeitas ou confirmação de maus tratos, de acordo com o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente - ECA. Entretanto, existe pouco conhecimento sobre à violência infantil, dificuldade na identificação dos principais sinais/manifestações do abuso sexual e dúvidas sobre como proceder diante os casos, sendo necessário orientação profissional ao cirurgião-dentista, para ajudá-lo tanto no diagnóstico, quando no registro da violência infantil. A comunidade odontológica é essencial no diagnóstico/ prevenção dos maus tratos, no tratamento das lesões orofaciais derivadas do abuso e auxilio nas notificações da violência infantil, devendo ser conscientizada sobre o combate ao abuso e negligências infantis, levando em consideração, que pode responder legalmente a não realização das deliberações do ECA. Conclui-se que lesões provenientes dos maus tratos, inclusive do abuso sexual, comprometem a região orofacial, sendo indispensável que cirurgiões-dentistas estejam aptos para identificar e denunciar os casos de suspeita de abuso sexual de vulnerável.
Effects of probiotics combined with dietary and lifestyle modification on clinical, biochemical, and radiological parameters in obese children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rodrigo Thushara , Dulani Samaranayake , Nimali Seneviratne Sumudu , De Silva Arjuna P. , Fernando Jerad , De Silva H. Janaka , Jayasekera  , Wickramasinghe V. Pujitha
Published: November 2021

Background: Childhood obesity is a global problem associated with metabolic abnormalities. The gut-liver axis is thought to play a major role in its pathogenesis. Probiotics are known to alter the gut microbiota and, therefore, could be a therapeutic option in the management of childhood obesity-related complications.Purpose: This double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of probiotics on metabolic derangement in obese children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/ nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH).Methods: Obese children with NAFLD/NASH treated at the nutrition clinic of the University Paediatric Unit at Lady Ridgeway Hospital, Colombo, were recruited. Anthropometry, body fat, metabolic derangement, and liver ultrasound scan (USS) results were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months. Transient elastography (FibroScan) was performed on a subsample of these patients. Eighty-four patients were recruited and randomized into the probiotics (n=43) and placebo (n= 41) groups. The mean age was 11.3±1.9 versus 12.1±1.5 years in the probiotic and placebo groups, respectively. Baseline parameters including liver disease stage on USS, body fat percentage, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, liver function, and C-reactive protein showed no significant intergroup differences.Results: In the probiotic group, a statistically significant reduction in body mass index was noted from the baseline value. However, the reduction was not significant compared with the placebo group. There was a significant reduction in triglycerides, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST/ALT ratio, and alkaline phosphatase in the placebo group over the treatment period. Although the liver disease stage on USS improved from stage II–III to stage I in a small number of patients in the probiotic-treated group, transient elastography performed in a subsample did not demonstrate significant improvement in either group.Conclusion: Our results indicate that probiotics have no advantage over lifestyle modification for improving obesityassociated metabolic derangement in children.
Puerto Rico plain pigeon, scaly-naped pigeon and red-tailed hawk: population dynamics and association patterns before and after hurricanes
Authors: Rivera-Milán FF , Martínez AJ , Matos A , Guzmán D , Ruiz-Lebrón CR , Ventosa-Febles EA , Diaz-Soltero H
Published: November 2021

Since the 1980s, 3 major hurricanes have made landfall on Puerto Rico: Hugo in September 1989 (Saffir-Simpson scale, category 4), Georges in September 1998 (category 3) and María in September 2017 (category 4). María was the most devastating hurricane since the 3 major hurricanes that occurred in 1899-�1932. Major hurricanes can cause severe abundance declines and population bottlenecks by decreasing survival and reproductive rates and increasing predation and competition for limited resources. In April to June 1986-2021, we used distance sampling to estimate abundance and monitor the population dynamics of the endangered Puerto Rico plain pigeonPatagioenas inornata wetmoreiand the abundant scaly-naped pigeonP.squamosaand red-tailed hawkButeo jamaicensis. Here, we fit a Bayesian state-space logistic model with distance sampling abundance estimates to generate posterior estimates of maximum population growth rate and population carrying capacity, and predict abundance in April to June 2020-2030. In addition, we usedN-mixture and 2-species models to assess association patterns in April to June 2015-2019. The scaly-naped pigeon and red-tailed hawk populations did not decline, or recovered faster from their declines than the plain pigeon population after the hurricanes. The association patterns between species were positive but variable for the 2 pigeon species and negative but variable for the plain pigeon and red-tailed hawk. At lowered abundance (i.e. mean ± SE estimatesN̂= 1043 ± 476 island-wide andN̂= 522 ± 157 at the centre of abundance in the east-central region in April to June 2018-2021), the plain pigeon may become extinct if another hurricane with the path and intensity of María makes landfall on the island during the current decade.
Government, the private sector, and local communities in ecosystem restoration governance and practices
Authors: Rochmayanto Yanto
Published: November 2021

Ecosystem restoration is not only a concern for countries such as Indonesia, but has become a global concern, as the UN has announced the Decade on Ecosystem Restoration for 2021-2030. Ecosystem restoration is an important way of restoring degraded landscapes, ensuring the sustainability of biodiversity, as well as being an effective pathway for reducing emissions in the land-based sector. Indonesia has committed to ecosystem restoration through national statutory law since 2004, although it is no longer explicitly listed in the Omnibus Las No. 11 of 2020 and Government Regulation No. 23 of 2021 on Forestry Stewardship. Indonesia has  demonstrated good progress in the implementation of ecosystem restoration in several priority provinces coordinated by the Peat and Mangrove Restoration Agency, as well as in initiatives led by the private sector. Although both involved rural communities in restoration activities, I propose here that an innovative ecosystem restoration business model is necessary to make their participation more financially attractive to local communities. This paper provides an analysis of  progress and the needs for ecosystem restoration improvement in Indonesia.Restorasi ekosistem tidak hanya menjadi perhatian negara-negara seperti Indonesia, tetapi telah menjadi perhatian global, karena PBB telah mengumumkan Dekade Restorasi Ekosistem untuk 2021-2030. Restorasi ekosistem merupakan cara penting untuk memulihkan bentang alam yang terdegradasi, memastikan keberlanjutan keanekaragaman hayati, serta menjadi jalur yang efektif untuk mengurangi emisi di sektor berbasis lahan. Indonesia telah berkomitmen untuk melakukan restorasi ekosistem melalui peraturan perundang-undangan nasional sejak tahun 2004, meskipun tidak lagi secara eksplisit tercantum dalam Omnibus Las No. 11 Tahun 2020 dan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 23 Tahun 2021 tentang Penatagunaan Kehutanan. Indonesia telah menunjukkan kemajuan yang baik dalam pelaksanaan restorasi ekosistem di beberapa provinsi prioritas yang dikoordinasikan oleh Badan Restorasi Gambut dan Mangrove, serta inisiatif yang dipimpin oleh sektor swasta. Meskipun sama-sama melibatkan masyarakat lokal dalam kegiatan restorasi, saya mengusulkan di sini bahwa model bisnis restorasi ekosistem yang inovatif diperlukan untuk membuat partisipasi mereka lebih menarik secara finansial bagi masyarakat lokal. Makalah ini memberikan analisis kemajuan dan kebutuhan perbaikan restorasi ekosistem di Indonesia.
Biological and economic values of Dipterocarpaceae, the main timber forest product of Indonesia
Authors: Widiyono Wahyu
Published: November 2021

Dipterocarpaceae is known as a very important tree family both biologically and economically.  Its distribution around the world covers the areas of Peninsular Malaysia, the Philippines, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Sulawesi, Maluku to Papua.  Dipterocarpaceae family has a high economic value, such as producing wood, balsam, resin, charcoal, fat, fruit, bark, essential oil, and camphor. Its products have very important roles for domestic use and export needs. As  representatives of Dipterocarpaceae, the economic value of Shorea Roxb. ex Gaertner f, Dipterocarpus Gaertner f, and Dryobalanops Gaertner f will be discussed. Considering the very important role of Dipterocarpaceae, both biologically and economically, it is necessary to handle it sustainably, through the following actions such as conservation of genetic resources, seed physiology, seed handling, seedling ecology, root symbiosis and nutrition, pest and disease, management of natural forest, and plantation, and also non-timber forest product from Dipterocarpaceae. Dipterocarpaceae dikenal sebagai famili pohon yang sangat penting baik secara biologis maupun ekonomis. Penyebarannya di seluruh dunia meliputi wilayah Semenanjung Malaysia, Filipina, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Jawa, Sulawesi, Maluku hingga Papua. Famili Dipterocarpaceae memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi, seperti menghasilkan kayu, balsam, damar, arang, lemak, buah, kulit kayu, minyak atsiri, dan kapur barus. Produk-produknya memiliki peran yang sangat penting untuk kebutuhan domestik dan ekspor. Sebagai perwakilan Dipterocarpace, nilai ekonomi Shorea Roxb. ex Gaertner f, Dipterocarpus Gaertner f, dan Dryobalanops Gaertner f akan dibahas. Mengingat peranan Dipterocarpaceae yang sangat penting, baik secara biologis maupun ekonomis, maka perlu dilakukan penanganan secara berkelanjutan, melalui tindakan-tindakan seperti konservasi sumber daya genetik, fisiologi benih, penanganan benih, ekologi semai, simbiosis dan nutrisi akar, hama dan penyakit, pengelolaan hutan alam, dan perkebunan, serta hasil hutan bukan kayu dari Dipterocarpaceae.
Implant Term Extraction from Swedish Medical Records – Phase 1: Lessons Learned
Authors: Jerdhaf Oskar , Santini Marina , Lundberg Peter , Karlsson Anette , Jönsson Arne
Published: November 2021

We present the case of automatic identification of “implant terms”. Implant terms are specialized terms that are important for domain experts (e.g. radiologists), but they are difficult to retrieve automatically because their presence is sparse. The need of an automatic identification of implant terms spurs from safety reasons because patients who have an implant may be at risk if they undergo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). At present, the workflow to verify whether a patient could be at risk of MRI side-effects is manual and laborious. We claim that this workflow can be sped up, streamlined and become safer by automatically sieving through patients’ medical records to ascertain if they have or have had an implant. To this aim we use BERT, a state-of-the-art deep learning algorithm based on pre-trained word embeddings and we create a model that outputs term clusters. We then assess the linguistic quality or term relatedness of individual term clusters using a simple intra-cluster metric that we call cleanliness. Results are promising.
Cross-Topic Author Identification -- a Case Study on Swedish Literature
Authors: Zechner Niklas
Published: November 2021

Using material from the Swedish Literature Bank, we investigate whether common methods of author identification using word frequencies and part of speech frequencies are sensitive to differences in topic. The results show that this is the case, thereby casting doubt on much previous work in author identification. This sets the stage for a broader future study, comparing other methods and generalising the results.
Intracellular and Intercellular Gene Regulatory Network Inference From Time-Course Individual RNA-Seq
Authors: Kashima Makoto , Shida Yuki , Yamashiro Takashi , Hirata Hiromi , Kurosaka Hiroshi
Published: November 2021

Gene regulatory network (GRN) inference is an effective approach to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying biological events. Generally, GRN inference mainly targets intracellular regulatory relationships such as transcription factors and their associated targets. In multicellular organisms, there are both intracellular and intercellular regulatory mechanisms. Thus, we hypothesize that GRNs inferred from time-course individual (whole embryo) RNA-Seq during development can reveal intercellular regulatory relationships (signaling pathways) underlying the development. Here, we conducted time-course bulk RNA-Seq of individual mouse embryos during early development, followed by pseudo-time analysis and GRN inference. The results demonstrated that GRN inference from RNA-Seq with pseudo-time can be applied for individual bulk RNA-Seq similar to scRNA-Seq. Validation using an experimental-source-based database showed that our approach could significantly infer GRN for all transcription factors in the database. Furthermore, the inferred ligand-related and receptor-related downstream genes were significantly overlapped. Thus, the inferred GRN based on whole organism could include intercellular regulatory relationships, which cannot be inferred from scRNA-Seq based only on gene expression data. Overall, inferring GRN from time-course bulk RNA-Seq is an effective approach to understand the regulatory relationships underlying biological events in multicellular organisms.
3 Stages of a Pan-African Identity Framework for Establishing Self-Sovereign Identity With Blockchain
Authors: Darnell S. Solomon , Sevilla Joseph
Published: November 2021

The African continent (specifically its overwhelming in(animate) resources) is often referred to as the sleeping giant by magazines, blogs, research presentations and articles, and NGOs [such as World Bank]. Reasons for this moniker/title include the continent’s plentiful natural resources, its large and quickly growing young population, and the young population’s quick adoption and acclimatization to technology. Most countries on the continent are known as developing countries due to lack of access to safe drinking water, reliable electricity and roads, sanitation and hygiene, and a high number of people with tropical/infectious diseases. However, due to the usefulness of cellular phones and technology, several countries and companies within them have focused on cell phone proliferation (91% in Kenya). Smart phone usage allows Kenyans access to the world’s information and potentially endless innovation. Given that a large number of Kenyans with smartphones use social media, coupled with the advent of Europe’s GDPR (general data protection regulation), African identity and its associated data became an area of great interest. As the world is quickly progressing into a digital economy, a solution must be created that allows us to regain and control our identities, doing our best to ensure losing such is infinitely close to computationally and probabilistically impossible/improbable. Developing a blockchain-based identity backbone using biometrics and historical family information while allowing government-based identification documents is the best way forward. Three stages have been identified as necessities to accomplish the development of this system before opening it further beyond the pan-African worldwide community. The three stages are defined by systems that allow for biometric/demographic registration (stage 1), interoperability and security hardening (stage 2), and biometric modality data analysis/organization/association (stage 3).
Ferroptosis: New Dawn for Overcoming the Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases
Authors: Luo Meng-Yi , Su Jian-Hui , Gong Shao-Xin , Liang Na , Huang Wen-Qian , Chen Wei , Wang Ai-Ping , Tian Ying
Published: November 2021

The dynamic balance of cardiomyocytes and neurons is essential to maintain the normal physiological functions of heart and brain. If excessive cells die in tissues, serious Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases would occur, namely, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke. The regulation of cell death plays a role in promoting or alleviating Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent new type of cell death that has been proved to occur in a variety of diseases. In our review, we focus on the critical role of ferroptosis and its regulatory mechanisms involved in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, and discuss the important function of ferroptosis-related inhibitors in order to propose potential implications for the prevention and treatment of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases.
A Novel 3D Culture Model of Human ASCs Reduces Cell Death in Spheroid Cores and Maintains Inner Cell Proliferation Compared With a Nonadherent 3D Culture
Authors: Luo Liang , Zhang Wei , Wang Jing , Zhao Ming , Shen Kuo , Jia Yanhui , Li Yan , Zhang Jian , Cai Weixia , Xiao Dan , Bai Xiaozhi , Liu Kaituo , Wang Kejia , Zhang Yue , Zhu Huayu , Zhou Qin , Hu Dahai
Published: November 2021

3D cell culture technologies have recently shown very valuable promise for applications in regenerative medicine, but the most common 3D culture methods for mesenchymal stem cells still have limitations for clinical application, mainly due to the slowdown of inner cell proliferation and increase in cell death rate. We previously developed a new 3D culture of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) based on its self-feeder layer, which solves the two issues of ASC 3D cell culture on ultra-low attachment (ULA) surface. In this study, we compared the 3D spheroids formed on the self-feeder layer (SLF-3D ASCs) with the spheroids formed by using ULA plates (ULA-3D ASCs). We discovered that the cells of SLF-3D spheroids still have a greater proliferation ability than ULA-3D ASCs, and the volume of these spheroids increases rather than shrinks, with more viable cells in 3D spheroids compared with the ULA-3D ASCs. Furthermore, it was discovered that the SLF-3D ASCs are likely to exhibit the abovementioned unique properties due to change in the expression level of ECM-related genes, like COL3A1, MMP3, HAS1, and FN1. These results indicate that the SLF-3D spheroid is a promising way forward for clinical application.
Treatment of Severe Acute Pancreatitis and Related Lung Injury by Targeting Gasdermin D-Mediated Pyroptosis
Authors: Wu Jinxiang , Zhang Jintao , Zhao Jiping , Chen Shihong , Zhou Tao , Xu Jianwei
Published: November 2021

The functional relevance and effects of the pyroptosis executioner gasdermin D (GSDMD) on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)-associated lung injury are unclear. We established caerulein-induced mouse models of SAP-associated lung injury, which showed that GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis was activated in both pancreatic and lung tissues. Compared with Gsdmd wild-type SAP mouse models, Gsdmd knockout (Gsdmd–/–) ameliorated SAP-induced pancreas and related lung injury. Additionally, we investigated the effects of disulfiram on the treatment of SAP. Disulfiram is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-alcoholism drug, which is reported as an effective pyroptosis inhibitor by either directly covalently modifying GSDMD or indirectly inhibiting the cleavage of GSDMD via inactivating Nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome. We demonstrated that disulfiram inhibited the cleavage of GSDMD, alleviated caerulein-induced SAP and related lung injury, and decreased the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18). Collectively, these findings disclosed the role of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in SAP and the potential application of disulfiram in the treatment of SAP.
Photo-Driven Reduction of Carbon Dioxide: A Sustainable Approach Towards Achieving Carbon Neutrality Goal
Authors: Gui Meei Mei , Lee W.P. Cathie , Putri Lutfi Kurnianditia , Kong Xin Ying , Tan Lling-Lling , Chai Siang-Piao
Published: November 2021

The photo-driven reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into green and valuable solar fuels could be a promising solution to simultaneously address energy- and environmental-related problems. This approach could play an integral role in achieving a sustainable energy economy by closing the carbon cycle and allowing the storage and transportation of intermittent solar energy within the chemical bonds of hydrocarbon molecules. This Perspective discusses the latest technological advancements in photo-driven CO2 conversion via various pathways, namely photocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis and photovoltaic-integrated systems. In addition to providing an outlook on unresolved issues concerning the said technologies, this Perspective also spotlights new trends and strategies in the structural engineering of materials to meet the demands for prominent CO2 photoreduction activity as well as spearhead the ground-breaking advances in the field that lead to the translation of CO2 photo-driven technologies from the laboratory to industrial-scale applications.
Steam Explosion Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass: A Mini-Review of Theorical and Experimental Approaches
Authors: Ziegler-Devin Isabelle , Chrusciel Laurent , Brosse Nicolas
Published: November 2021

Steam Explosion (SE) is one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly processes for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. It is an important tool for the development of the biorefinery concept to mitigate the recalcitrance of biomass. However, the two distinct steps of SE, steam cracking and explosive decompression, leading to the breakdown of the lignocellulosic matrix have generally been studied in empiric ways and clarification are needed. This mini-review provides new insights and recommendations regarding the properties of subcritical water, process modeling and the importance of the depressurization rate.
Perspectives on the Influence of Crystal Size and Morphology on the Properties of Porous Framework Materials
Authors: Hobday Claire L. , Krause Simon , Rogge Sven M. J. , Evans Jack D. , Bunzen Hana
Published: November 2021

Miniaturization is a key aspect of materials science. Owing to the increase in quality experimental and computational tools available to researchers, it has become clear that the crystal size and morphology of porous framework materials, including metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks, play a vital role in defining the physicochemical behaviour of these materials. However, given the multiscale and multidisciplinary challenges associated with establishing how crystal size and morphology affect the structure and behaviour of a material–from local to global structural modifications and from static to dynamic effects–a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of size and morphology effects is missing. Herein, we provide our perspective on the current state-of-the-art of this topic, drawn from various complementary disciplines. From a fundamental point of view, we discuss how controlling the crystal size and morphology can alter the mechanical and adsorption properties of porous framework materials and how this can impact phase stability. Special attention is also given to the quest to develop new computational tools capable of modelling these multiscale effects. From a more applied point of view, given the recent progress in this research field, we highlight the importance of crystal size and morphology control in drug delivery. Moreover, we provide an outlook on how to advance each discussed field by size and morphology control, which would open new design opportunities for functional porous framework materials.