bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subacute multisystemic toxoplasmosis in a captive black‐and‐gold howler monkey (Alouatta caraya) indicates therapy challenging
Authors: Moreira Silvia Bahadian , Pereira Asheley Henrique Barbosa , Pissinatti Thalita de Abreu , Arruda Igor Falco , de Azevedo Raphael Rodrigues Miguel , Schiffler Francine Bittencourt ,   Outbreak Workgroup, Amendoeira Maria Regina Reis , dos Santos André Felipe Andrade , Pissinatti Alcides , Ubiali Daniel Guimarães
Published: June 2022

A 10‐year‐old black howler monkey presented with a 36‐day subacute clinicopathological picture of fever, prostration, inappetence, intestinal hypomotility, and emaciation. Therapy was trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole with streptomycin. The liver, lungs, lymph nodes, and spleen presented lesions. Toxoplasma gondii isolation and PCR determined the diagnosis, and indirect fluorescent antibody tests confirmed an increase in antibody titers.
Mind the ad: How personality requirements affect older and younger job seekers' job attraction
Authors: Koçak Aylin , Rooman Claudia , Duyck Wouter , Derous Eva
Published: June 2022

Age discrimination may explain lower labour market chances of older and younger job seekers. What remains underresearched, however, is how older/younger job seekers might self‐select out from early recruitment procedures due to stigmatizing information in job ads. Building on theories of metastereotypes and the linguistic category model, two experimental studies investigated how personality requirements that older/younger job seekers hold negative metastereotypes about and the way in which these requirements are worded (behavioural vs. dispositional) affected their job attraction. Within‐participant mediation analyses showed that as expected, job attraction was higher for older (N = 123, aged 50 years or more) and younger (N = 151, 30 years or less) job seekers when requirements were worded in a behavioural way (e.g., ‘You can be flexible’), compared with a dispositional way (e.g., ‘You are flexible’). This relation was mediated by perceptions of challenge among younger but not older job seekers. Contrary to expectations, perceptions of threat did not explain the effects of negatively metastereotyped personality requirements on job attraction. Understanding how job seekers perceive information in job ads might help recruiters to design age‐sensitive recruitment policies.
Association of sleep duration and quality with immunological response after vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 infection
Authors: Athanasiou Nikolaos , Baou Katerina , Papandreou Eleni , Varsou Georgia , Amfilochiou Anastasia , Kontou Elisavet , Pataka Athanasia , Porpodis Konstantinos , Tsiouprou Ioanna , Kaimakamis Evangelos , Kotoulas Serafeim‐Chrysovalantis , Katsibourlia Evgenia , Alexopoulou Christina , Bouloukaki Izolde , Panagiotarakou Meropi , Dermitzaki Aspasia , Charokopos Nikolaos , Pagdatoglou Kyriakh , Lamprou Kallirroi , Pouriki Sofia , Chatzivasiloglou Foteini , Nouvaki Zoi , Tsirogianni Alexandra , Kalomenidis Ioannis , Katsaounou Paraskevi , Vagiakis Emmanouil
Published: June 2022

Growing evidence suggests that sleep could affect the immunological response after vaccination. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate possible associations between regular sleep disruption and immunity response after vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). In total, 592 healthcare workers, with no previous history of COVID‐19, from eight major Greek hospitals were enrolled in this study. All subjects underwent two Pfizer–BioNTech messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) COVID‐19 vaccine BNT162b2 inoculations with an interval of 21 days between the doses. Furthermore, a questionnaire was completed 2 days after each vaccination and clinical characteristics, demographics, sleep duration, and habits were recorded. Blood samples were collected and anti‐spike immunoglobulin G antibodies were measured at 20 ± 1 days after the first dose and 21 ± 2 days after the second dose. A total of 544 subjects (30% males), with median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 46 (38–54) years and body mass index of 24·84 (22.6–28.51) kg/m2 were eligible for the study. The median (IQR) habitual duration of sleep was 6 (6–7) h/night. In all, 283 participants (52%) had a short daytime nap. In 214 (39.3%) participants the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was >5, with a higher percentage in women (74·3%, p < 0.05). Antibody levels were associated with age (r = −0.178, p < 0.001), poor sleep quality (r = −0.094, p < 0.05), insomnia (r = −0.098, p < 0.05), and nap frequency per week (r = −0.098, p < 0.05), but after adjusting for confounders, only insomnia, gender, and age were independent determinants of antibody levels. It is important to emphasise that insomnia is associated with lower antibody levels against COVID‐19 after vaccination.
Association between quality of sleep and screen time during the COVID‐19 outbreak among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Bani‐Issa Wegdan , Radwan Hadia , Saqan Roba , Hijazi Heba , Fakhry Randa , Alameddine Mohamad , Naja Farah , Ibrahim Ali , Lin Naing , Naing Yuwadi Thein , Awad Manal
Published: June 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic had a major impact on people of all ages. Adolescents' exposure to online learning is linked to excessive screen time on digital devices, which leads to poor sleep quality. This study aimed to investigate the association between screen time on different electronic devices and sleep quality among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates. This study was based on a self‐reported questionnaire, which was administered online to school‐aged adolescents (aged 12–19 years). The multicomponent questionnaire collected information on sociodemographic characteristics, sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and screen time (minutes) on TV, TV‐connected devices, laptops, smartphones, and tablets on weekdays, weeknight, and weekends using the Screen Time Questionnaire (STQ). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify factors correlated with poor sleep quality. A total of 1720 adolescents were recruited from private and public schools (mean age 14.6 ± 1.97 years). The mean PSQI score was 8.09 ± 3.37, and 74.3% of participants reported poor sleep (cutoff score >5). Mean scores were highest for the sleep latency (1.85 ± 0.97) and sleep disturbance (1.56 ± 0.62) domains. The highest STQ score was observed for smartphones, with a median screen time of 420 min on weekdays and 300 min on weekends. Screen time related to smartphones on weekends (p = 0.003) and increased screen time in bed (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with poor sleep. Our results confirmed the correlation between sleep and screen time in adolescents. The results may inform educational polices that target screen time and sleep among adolescents during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.
A critical evaluation of the interface between intellectual property rights and human rights with special emphasis on indigenous intellectual property
Authors: Samaranayake Wathsala R.
Published: June 2022

The rendezvous between intellectual property rights and human rights has awakened slumbering legal spirits. Miscellaneous legal phenomena are now nestled in the intersection between intellectual property rights and human rights. However, the interplay between human rights and intellectual property rights is bizarrely characterized by amity and hostility. Naturally, therefore, situating indigenous intellectual property at the intersection of intellectual property and human rights becomes a daunting task. However, the dilemma is often overstated especially from the point of view of conventional intellectual property rights. At the outset of this Article, I shall be exploring the history and the development of the relationship between human rights and intellectual property rights. In the followng section, I shall be examining the extent to which intellectual property rights are entrenched in the international human rights instruments. The last section shall be devoted to exploring the phenomenon of locating indigenous peoples' rights at the interface between intellectual property rights and human rights and reflecting on the ensuing issues—an aspect which has seldom been considered in the existing literature.
Appraisals of previous math experiences play an important role in math anxiety
Authors: Hunt Thomas E. , Maloney Erin A.
Published: June 2022

Math anxiety affects many people, from young children through to older adults. While there has been debate concerning the developmental trajectory of math anxiety and negative math attitudes, little attention has been given to the role of appraisals of previous math experiences. We surveyed 308 adults (mean age = 27.56 years, SD = 11.25) and assessed self‐reported measures of math anxiety, mathematical resilience, math attitudes, and appraisal of previous math experiences. As hypothesized, all variables were found to be interrelated. Math anxiety was significantly negatively related to appraisal of previous math experiences, mathematical resilience, and math attitudes. Moreover, appraisal of previous math experiences was shown to mediate the relations between (1) math anxiety and math attitudes, and (2) mathematical resilience and math attitudes. The findings demonstrate the importance of considering current appraisals of previous math experiences and are consistent with an interpretation account of math anxiety. This may help inform cognitive‐based interventions that focus on one's interpretation of past events to support current and future math learning and engagement.
Co‐creation of healthier food retail environments: A systematic review to explore the type of stakeholders and their motivations and stage of engagement
Authors: Vargas Carmen , Whelan Jillian , Brimblecombe Julie , Brock Jessica , Christian Meaghan , Allender Steven
Published: June 2022

Objective

To synthesize peer‐reviewed literature that utilize co‐creation principles in healthy food retail initiatives.

Methods

Systematic review of six databases from inception to September 2021. Screening and quality assessment were carried out by two authors independently. Studies were included if they were conducted in food retail stores, used a collaborative model, and aimed to improve the healthiness of the food retail environment. Studies excluded were implemented in restaurants, fast food chains, or similar or did not utilize some form of collaboration. Extracted data included the type of stakeholders engaged, level of engagement, stakeholder motivation, and barriers and enablers of the co‐creation process.

Findings

After screening 6951 articles by title and abstract, 131 by full text, 23 manuscripts that describe 20 separate studies from six countries were included. Six were implemented in low‐income communities and eight among Indigenous people groups. A common aim was to increase access to, and availability of, healthy products. A diverse range of co‐creation approaches, theoretical perspectives, and study designs were observed. The three most common stakeholders involved were researchers, corporate representatives or store owners, and governments.

Conclusions

Some evidence exists of the benefits of co‐creation to improve the healthiness of food retail environments. The field may benefit from structured guidance on the theory and practice of co‐creation.
Antimicrobial use and resistance in food‐producing animals—How can we protect the efficacy of antibiotics for reproductive diseases?
Authors: Magnusson Ulf
Published: June 2022

The ongoing emergence of antibiotic resistance jeopardizes efficacy of antibiotics in curing animals from bacterial infections that threaten their health, welfare and productivity. This review gives an overview of antimicrobial use data in food‐producing animals, a discussion on how antimicrobials are used for some infections in the reproductive system in cattle, the horse and pig in Europe where there are differences in treatment practices including options to refine the use of antibiotics, and finally, a presentation of the antibiotic resistance for some bacteria collected from the reproductive system. It is shown that there are differences in applied treatment regimens for, as well as prevention of, several reproductive diseases in Europe. Some of the treatments are not evidence‐based, which should be considered by clinicians and other stakeholders. It is concluded that a more refined and restrictive use of antibiotics could be achieved by adhering to evidence‐based guidelines by national and international expertise including the scientific literature when available. This may call for a re‐think among the animal health stakeholders regarding the use of antibiotics and may demand new skill‐sets in the animal health sphere.
Male SIRT1 insufficiency leads to sperm with decreased ability to hyperactivate and fertilize
Authors: Iniesta‐Cuerda María , Havránková Jiřina , Řimnáčová Hedvika , García‐Álvarez Olga , Nevoral Jan
Published: June 2022

Deficient sperm motility is a frequent cause of the age‐related male sub‐/infertility. Since the protein sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) develops anti‐aging action and participates in sperm motility and ATP synthesis in mitochondria, we investigated its role in the acquisition of hyperactivated motility during capacitation. For this, the dynamics of sperm subpopulations were studied, using males of Sirt1+/− heterozygous mutant mice. After 2 hr of capacitation, we observed reduced percentage of hyperactivated spermatozoa in Sirt1+/− males. Interestingly, prior to capacitation, Sirt1+/− spermatozoa showed higher mitochondrial superoxide levels, which could render mitochondrial injury and thereby motility defects. Accordingly, the fertilization rate of Sirt1+/− males after mating was decreased. We elucidated that SIRT1 male insufficiency underlies posterior sperm defects to hyperactivate during capacitation and propose Sirt1+/− males as a model for the study of the age‐related infertility.
The probability of multidimensional poverty: A new approach and an empirical application toEU‐SILCdata
Authors: Liberati Paolo , Resce Giuliano , Tosi Francesca
Published: June 2022

This paper proposes a novel method to analyze multidimensional poverty by using a large set of feasible weights to summarize the information about the poor, which enables remaining agnostic about the relative importance given to different poverty dimensions. This method allows for the calculation of the individual probability of being poor in a multidimensional perspective. The distribution of individual probabilities can then be combined with Generalized Lorenz dominance techniques to derive unanimous consent for a wide class of social welfare functions with a minimum load of value judgments. The innovations proposed here allow to move from a dual definition of poverty, where poor and non‐poor individuals are classified in a mutually exclusive context, to a continuous measure of deprivation capturing both the extensive and intensive margin of multidimensional poverty. The empirical application of the method consists of measuring multidimensional poverty in ten selected countries using four waves of EU‐SILC data (2008–2014).
Mapping anticipated advantages and disadvantages of implementation of extensive donor genotyping: A focus group approach
Authors: Luken Jessie S. , Ritsema Sebastien P. , Van der Wal Merel M. , van der Schoot C. Ellen , Rouwette Etiënne A. J. A. , de Haas Masja , Janssen Mart P.
Published: June 2022

Background and objectives

Current genotyping techniques allow typing of all relevant red cell, human leukocyte and platelet antigens in a single analysis. Even genetic markers related to donor health can be added. Implementation of this technology will affect various stakeholders within the transfusion chain. This study aims to systematically map the anticipated advantages and disadvantages of a national rollout of blood group genotyping of donors, which will affect the availability of rare donors and the implementation of an extensively typed blood transfusion policy.

Materials and methods

Two focus‐group sessions were held with a wide representation of stakeholders, including representatives of donor and patient organisations. A dedicated software tool was used to collect the reflections of participants on genotyping for blood group antigens and extensive matching. Additionally, stakeholders and experts discussed various prepared propositions. All information collected was categorised.

Results

From 162 statements collected, 59 statements (36%) were labelled as ‘hopes’ and 77 (48%) as ‘fears’. Twenty‐six (16%) statements remained unlabelled. The statements were divided in 18 categories under seven main themes: patient health, genotyping, privacy issues and ethical aspects, donor management, inventory management and logistics, hospital and transfusion laboratory and general aspects. The discussion on the propositions was analysed and summarised.

Conclusion

Stakeholders believe that a genotyped donor pool can result in a reduction of alloimmunization and higher availability of typed blood products. There are concerns regarding logistics, costs, consent for extended typing, data sharing, privacy issues and donor management. These concerns need to be carefully addressed before further implementation.
The spectrum of ABO haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn in neonates born to group O mothers
Authors: Talwar Manvi , Jain Ashish , Sharma Ratti Ram , Kumar Praveen , Saha Subhas Chandra , Singh Lakhvinder
Published: June 2022

Background and Objectives

ABO haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is a lesser recognized entity; however, the severity may vary in neonates. This prospective observational study was performed to determine the severity and risk of ABO‐HDFN in neonates born to O group mothers.

Materials and Methods

A total of 260 neonates born to non‐alloimmunized blood group O mothers were recruited. Blood group O neonates were excluded from the study. Neonatal direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was performed using the column agglutination technique. They were monitored for clinical and laboratory parameters and followed up at 6–8 weeks. The maternal anti‐A and anti‐B titres (IgM and IgG) were also done.

Results

A total of 176 neonates with blood group A (77/260; 29.6%) and B (99/260; 38.1%) were finally included in the study, and 15 (8.5%) of them were DAT positive. Overall, 26.7% (47/176) neonates received phototherapy, 172 (97.7%) survived and none required readmission. The median (inter‐quartile range [IQR]) maternal IgG anti‐B titre (32 [32–64]) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the IgG anti‐A titre (16 [8–64]). The maximum total serum bilirubin in neonates had a significant positive association with neonatal birth weight (p = 0.045), positive DAT (p = 0.006) and requirement of phototherapy (p < 0.001). The relative risk (95% CI) of a DAT‐positive neonate requiring phototherapy was 4.55 (3.12–6.33).

Conclusion

The frequency of ABO incompatibility in neonates born to group O mothers was 67.69% (176/260). The maternal IgG titre of ≥64 could be a good predictor for identifying the neonates at risk of developing hyperbilirubinaemia requiring phototherapy.
Efficient Computation of Large Deformation of Spatial Flexure-Based Mechanisms in Design Optimizations
Authors: Dwarshuis Koen , Aarts Ronald , Ellenbroek Marcel , Brouwer Dannis
Published: June 2022

Design optimizations of flexure-based mechanisms take a lot of computation time, in particular when large deformations are involved. In an optimization procedure, statically deformed configurations of many designs have to be obtained, while finding the statically deformed configuration itself requires tens to hundreds of load step iterations. The kinematically started deformation method (KSD-method) (Dwarshuis, K. S., Aarts, R. G. K. M., Ellenbroek, M. H. M., and Brouwer, D. M., 2020, “Kinematically Started Efficient Position Analysis of Deformed Compliant Mechanisms Utilizing Data of Standard Joints,” Mech. Mach. Theory, 152, p. 103911) computes deformed configurations fast by starting the computation from an approximation. This approximation is obtained by allowing the mechanism only to move in the compliant motion-direction, based on kinematic equations, using data of the flexure joints in the mechanism. This is possible as flexure-based mechanisms are typically designed to be kinematically determined in the motion directions. In this paper, the KSD-method is extended such that it can also be applied without joint-data, such that it is not necessary to maintain a database with joint-data. This paper also shows that the method can be used for mechanisms containing joints that allow full spatial motion. Several variants of the KSD-method are presented and evaluated for accuracy and required computation time. One variant, which uses joint-data, is 21 times faster and shows errors in stress and stiffness below 1% compared to a conventional multibody analysis on the same model. Another variant, which does not use joint-data, reduces the computation time by a factor of 14, keeping errors below 1%. The KSD-method is shown to be helpful in design optimizations of complex flexure mechanisms for large range of motion.
Time-Domain Simulation of Second-Order Diffracted Forces on Marine Structures in Multidirectional Irregular Seas
Authors: Ren Zhihao , Teng Bin , Cong Longfei
Published: June 2022

A new method for the accurate discrete technique of directional spectra is proposed for the simulation of the second-order incident potential of directional seas, and a second-order time-domain analysis program is developed for nonlinear wave forces on marine structures in multidirectional irregular seas. The boundary-value problems for the diffracted potential are solved by a higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM). The fourth-order Adams–Bashforth–Moulton method combined with the Newton–Raphson iteration is implemented for time integration. The present method is validated by comparison with the published frequency-domain results for a bottom-mounted vertical cylinder in bichromatic bidirectional waves. The second-order diffracted forces on a truncated cylinder are examined for different combinations of storms and swell seas, and major efforts are focused on investigating the effects of wave directionality, directional spreading, and the spectral peak frequency of mixed seas.
Correlation Between Tribological and Vibration Behaviors in Sliding Lubricated Contacts
Authors: Ta Thi-Na , Horng Jeng-Haur , Hwang Yunn-Lin
Published: June 2022

The tribological and vibration behaviors of a lubricated system are often studied separately. However, in recent years, the combination of tribology and mechanical vibration significantly contributes in analyzing and solving many practical problems. The main objective of this study is to establish empirical equations that describe friction–-vibration interactions under dynamic (sliding) lubricated contacts. The effects of operating conditions on the tribological and vibration behaviors of lubricating oils having different viscosities were experimentally investigated using a four-ball wear test machine. The results indicated that the vibration velocity tends to increase with the sliding velocity. With a lower combination of ratio of the vibration velocity to the sliding velocity and the specific film thickness, lower friction coefficients were observed in the boundary and mixed lubrication regimes. The mean wear scar diameters exhibited positive correlations with the amplitudes of vibration accelerations. The empirical equations provide basic information for the prediction of friction variation by measuring vibration signals.
6p valence relativistic effects in 5d photoemission spectrum of Pb atom and bonding properties of Pb-dimer using Dirac–Hartree–Fock formalism including many-body effects
Authors: Bagus Paul S. , Suzer Sefik
Published: June 2022

There has been strong recent interest related to the large spin–orbit coupling in Pb monolayers on various properties of graphene and other 2D-materials. The underlying physical/chemical origin of the spin–orbit splitting has been discussed in terms of the valence 6p atomic level of the lead atom. Indeed, the photoelectron spectra of the Pb atom were the subject of investigations about 50 years ago in Dave Shirley’s laboratory at UC Berkeley. In a paper published in 1975, using He-I UV photoelectron spectroscopy, we reported an unexpected relative intensity ratio for the observed atomic Pb peaks (2P1/2 and 2P3/2) after removal of a 6p valence electron and attributed it to the large spin–orbit interaction in that level. In this contribution, we use the Dirac–Hartree–Fock formalism to reanalyze the complex spectral features reported five years later, for the 5d He-II UV photoelectron spectrum of atomic lead, to extract the 6p valence contribution, which turns out to be significant. Furthermore, we calculate the energy levels of the Pb-dimer at the experimental equilibrium geometry of the molecule to also find the significant contribution of the spin–orbit splitting of the atomic 6p levels in the composition of the valence molecular orbitals of the dimer. Such an approach can be extended to larger systems like monolayers containing lead or other heavy atoms, thus helping in designing 2D-materials with controlled and better targeted properties.
Ca
2+
activity maps of astrocytes tagged by axoastrocytic AAV transfer
Authors: Georgiou Leonidas , Echeverría Anaí , Georgiou Achilleas , Kuhn Bernd
Published: June 2022

Astrocytes exhibit localized Ca
2+
microdomain (MD) activity thought to be actively involved in information processing in the brain. However, functional organization of Ca
2+
MDs in space and time in relationship to behavior and neuronal activity is poorly understood. Here, we first show that adeno-associated virus (AAV) particles transfer anterogradely from axons to astrocytes. Then, we use this axoastrocytic AAV transfer to express genetically encoded Ca
2+
indicators at high-contrast circuit specifically. In combination with two-photon microscopy and unbiased, event-based analysis, we investigated cortical astrocytes embedded in the vibrissal thalamocortical circuit. We found a wide range of Ca
2+
MD signals, some of which were ultrafast (≤300 ms). Frequency and size of signals were extensively increased by locomotion but only subtly with sensory stimulation. The overlay of these signals resulted in behavior-dependent maps with characteristic Ca
2+
activity hotspots, maybe representing memory engrams. These functional subdomains are stable over days, suggesting subcellular specialization.
Modes of information flow in collective cohesion
Authors: Sattari Sulimon , Basak Udoy S. , James Ryan G. , Perrin Louis W. , Crutchfield James P. , Komatsuzaki Tamiki
Published: June 2022

Pairwise interactions are fundamental drivers of collective behavior—responsible for group cohesion. The abiding question is how each individual influences the collective. However, time-delayed mutual information and transfer entropy, commonly used to quantify mutual influence in aggregated individuals, can result in misleading interpretations. Here, we show that these information measures have substantial pitfalls in measuring information flow between agents from their trajectories. We decompose the information measures into three distinct modes of information flow to expose the role of individual and group memory in collective behavior. It is found that decomposed information modes between a single pair of agents reveal the nature of mutual influence involving many-body nonadditive interactions without conditioning on additional agents. The pairwise decomposed modes of information flow facilitate an improved diagnosis of mutual influence in collectives.
The Combination Treatment of Fosmanogepix and Liposomal Amphotericin B Is Superior to Monotherapy in Treating Experimental Invasive Mold Infections
Authors: Gebremariam Teclegiorgis , Gu Yiyou , Alkhazraji Sondus , Youssef Eman , Shaw Karen Joy , Ibrahim Ashraf S.
Published: June 2022

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), invasive mucormycosis (IM), and invasive fusariosis (IF) are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Fosmanogepix (FMGX) is a first-in-class antifungal in clinical development with demonstrated broad-spectrum activity in animal models of infections.
Phoenicin Switch: Discovering the Trigger for Radical Phoenicin Production in Multiple Wild-Type
Penicillium
Species
Authors: Christiansen Johan Vormsborg , Isbrandt Thomas , Asferg Rasmus , Jarmusch Scott A. , Larsen Thomas Ostenfeld , Frisvad Jens Christian
Published: June 2022

This work was undertaken to explore the production of fungal quinones in wild-type strains for use as electrolytes in redox flow batteries. As society converts energy production in a more sustainable direction, it becomes increasingly more important to store sustainable energy in smart ways.
Persistence of Coronavirus Surrogates on Meat and Fish Products during Long-Term Storage
Authors: Bailey Emily S. , Curcic Marina , Sobsey Mark D.
Published: June 2022

The ability of SARS-CoV-2 viral surrogates like Phi 6 and animal coronaviruses to survive for long periods on meat and fish products at cold temperatures emphasizes the need for rigorous and sustained food sanitation and hygiene in the harvest, transport, processing, and distribution of these foods.
Genome-Wide Analysis and Characterization of the Riemerella anatipestifer Putative T9SS Secretory Proteins with a Conserved C-Terminal Domain
Authors: Chen Zongchao , Niu Pengfei , Ren Xiaomei , Han Wenlong , Shen Ruyu , Zhu Min , Yu Yang , Yu Shengqing
Published: June 2022

Riemerella anatipestifer
T9SS plays an important role in bacterial virulence. We have previously reported nine
R. anatipestifer
T9SS-secreted proteins and clarified the function of the metallophosphoesterase.
Dietary Exposure to Antibiotic Residues Facilitates Metabolic Disorder by Altering the Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Composition
Authors: Chen Rou-An , Wu Wei-Kai , Panyod Suraphan , Liu Po-Yu , Chuang Hsiao-Li , Chen Yi-Hsun , Lyu Qiang , Hsu Hsiu-Ching , Lin Tzu-Lung , Shen Ting-Chin David , Yang Yu-Tang , Zou Hsin-Bai , Huang Huai-Syuan , Lin Yu-En , Chen Chieh-Chang , Ho Chi-Tang , Lai Hsin-Chih , Wu Ming-Shiang , Hsu Cheng-Chih , Sheen Lee-Yan
Published: June 2022

This study demonstrates that even with limited exposure in early life, a residual dose of tylosin might cause long-lasting metabolic disturbances by altering the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Our findings reveal that the gut microbiota is susceptible to previously ignored environmental factors.
Composition and Ecological Roles of the Core Microbiome along the Abyssal-Hadal Transition Zone Sediments of the Mariana Trench
Authors: Jing Hongmei , Xiao Xiang , Zhang Yue , Li Zhiyong , Jian Huahua , Luo Yingfeng , Han Zhuang
Published: June 2022

The Mariana Trench is the deepest oceanic region on earth, its microbial ecological exploration has become feasible with the rapid progress of submersible and metagenomic sequencing. We investigated the community compositions and metabolic functions of the core microbiome along the abyssal-hadal transition zone of the Mariana Trench, although most studies by far were focused on the pelagic zone.
A High-Throughput Yellow Fever Neutralization Assay
Authors: Rasulova Madina , Vercruysse Thomas , Paulissen Jasmine , Coun Catherina , Suin Vanessa , Heyndrickx Leo , Ma Ji , Geerts Katrien , Timmermans Jolien , Mishra Niraj , Li Li-Hsin , Kum Dieudonné Buh , Coelmont Lotte , Van Gucht Steven , Karimzadeh Hadi , Thorn-Seshold Julia , Rothenfußer Simon , Ariën Kevin K. , Neyts Johan , Dallmeier Kai , Thibaut Hendrik Jan
Published: June 2022

Fast and accurate detection of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against yellow fever virus (YFV) is key in yellow fever serodiagnosis, outbreak surveillance, and monitoring of vaccine efficacy. Although classical PRNT remains the gold standard for measuring YFV nAbs, this methodology suffers from inherent limitations such as low throughput and overall high labor intensity.
Unusual δ26Mg values in oceanic crust basalts from the South China Sea
Authors: Liao Renqiang , Zhu Hongli , Zhang Lipeng , Li He , Li Congying , He Yongsheng , Sun Weidong , Liu He
Published: June 2022

Whether or not oceanic crust basalts are affected by plate subduction is a hot topic of debate. The South China Sea is one of the largest marginal basins in the western Pacific Ocean and has been surrounded by subduction of the Pacific plate and Indian plate, yet, to date, no study has clearly shown evidence of subduction in the geochemistry of volcanism in the basin due to a lack of sampling of igneous crust basalts on the seafloor. The International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 349 cored seafloor basalts near the fossil spreading ridges of the eastern (Site U1431) and southwestern (Site U1433 and U1434) subbasins in the South China Sea. The recovered basalt samples indicated a pyroxenite-bearing peridotite mantle source. Here, we report Mg isotopic data from 14 of these oceanic crust basalt samples. The δ26Mg values of most basalts from the three drill holes were higher (up to −0.10‰) than that of the average mantle (−0.25‰). The lack of correlations of δ26Mg with geochemical indices of magmatic processes (e.g., MgO, CaO/Al2O3, La/Sm, Nb/Zr) suggests that crystal fractionation and partial melting had insignificant effects on the Mg isotopic compositions of the South China Sea basalts. Thus, the variations in Mg isotopes were inherited from their mantle sources. Considering the highly varied Ce/Pb ratios and elevated 87Sr/86Sr values but mantle-like 143Nd/144Nd values, we propose that the varied δ26Mg values were likely caused by metasomatism of subduction-released fluids. The coupling of Mg and Sr-Fe isotopes provides robust evidence that the high-δ26Mg values of the South China Sea basalts resulted from mixing among pyroxenite-bearing peridotite mantle, the nearby Hainan plume materials, and subducting serpentinite-released fluids. Therefore, these Mg isotopes suggest that the mantle source of the South China Sea basalts was influenced by subducted materials, providing further evidence of the initial expansion, formation, and evolution of the South China Sea during plate subduction.
Mechanism of crustal thickening and exhumation of southern Lhasa terrane during the Late Cretaceous: Evidence from high-pressure metamorphic rocks of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis
Authors: Zhang Yanling , Yin Changqing , Davis Donald W. , Li Shun , Qian Jiahui , Zhang Jian , Gao Peng , Wu Shangjing , Li Wangchao , Xia Yanfei
Published: June 2022

The mechanism of Late Cretaceous crustal thickening and exhumation of the southern Lhasa terrane is critical for understanding the tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. High-pressure metamorphic rocks from the lower crust are good candidates for addressing this issue. In this study, we focus on Late Cretaceous, high-pressure, garnet-bearing amphibolites from the Nyingchi Complex of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and present an integrated study of geochronology, petrography, mineral chemistry, and thermodynamic modeling. Petrographic data determine three metamorphic stages (M1–M3). The M1 stage is characterized by a peak mineral assemblage of garnet + hornblende + albite + rutile + muscovite + quartz, which is followed by a post-peak (M2) assemblage of garnet + hornblende + plagioclase + epidote + biotite + rutile + quartz. The late retrograde stage (M3) is defined by hornblende + plagioclase symplectites surrounding garnet porphyroblasts. Mineral chemistry, with thermodynamic modeling, constrains the P-T conditions of the M1–M3 stages to 14–19 kbar/660–720 °C, 8–10 kbar/650–660 °C, and <7 kbar/<600 °C, respectively. Metamorphic zircons yield a concordant age at 90 Ma, which indicates the formation of garnet-bearing amphibolites. These results indicate a P-T-t path involving near-isothermal decompression for garnetbearing amphibolites, which suggests that the Nyingchi Complex underwent peak-pressure metamorphism (M1) at 90 Ma, followed by rapid exhumation to the depth of 32–26 km along the subduction channel. Moreover, the garnet-bearing amphibolites are considered to be the product of high-pressure metamorphism of mafic crust at the base of the Gangdese belt. Hence, the crust of the Gangdese belt experienced significant crustal thickening of up to 60 km at 90 Ma.
Association among high blood pressure health literacy, social support and health-related quality of life among a community population with hypertension: a community-based cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Wang Yujie , Chen Ting , Gan Wei , Yin Jinyu , Song Li , Qi Huan , Zhang Qinghua
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The prevalence of hypertension is increasing worldwide. Hypertensive patients in China have limited high blood pressure health literacy (HBP-HL) and social support (SS), which may have an impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and lead to poorer clinical outcomes. However, the potential mechanism of HBP-HL, SS and HRQoL remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association among HBP-HL, SS and HRQoL among community patients with hypertension in China.

Design

A community-based cross-sectional survey.

Setting

The community health service center in Huzhou, China.

Participants

406 community patients with hypertension were investigated from June to October 2019.

Primary outcome measures

HRQoL was assessed using the Quality of Life Instruments for Chronic Diseases-Hypertension V2.0, HBP-HL was assessed with the HBP-Health Literacy Scale into Chines and SS was assessed with the Social Support Rating Scale.

Results

Compared with moderate level of HRQoL and SS, HBP-HL of community hypertensive patients was significantly deficient. Overall, 93 patients (23.2%) lacked HBP-HL, 308 patients (76.8%) had a medium level of HBP-HL, and none of them had sufficient HBP-HL. Correlation analysis showed that HBP-HL, SS and HRQoL were positively correlated (p<0.01). The significant differences in HRQoL and SS were detected in HBP-HL level (p<0.001). In multiple linear regression models, HRQoL was significantly associated with ‘Print HL’ and ‘Medication Label’ of HBP-HL (p<0.05) and all three dimensions of SS (p<0.05). In addition, The bootstrap method was used to examine the indirect effect among variables. The results showed that SS played a mediating role between HBP-HL and HRQoL (p<0.001).

Conclusion

There is an association among HBP-HL, SS and HRQoL in community hypertension patients. HBP-HL can directly affect HRQoL, and through SS mediate the HRQoL. Community intervention for hypertension management should consider HBP-HL promotion and social engagement as the breakthrough points to increase the impact on patients’ HRQoL.
Rehabilitation using virtual gaming for Hospital and hOMe-Based training for the Upper limb post Stroke (RHOMBUS II): protocol of a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kilbride Cherry , Warland Alyson , Stewart Victoria , Aweid Basaam , Samiyappan Arul , Ryan Jennifer , Butcher Tom , Athanasiou Dimitrios A , Baker Karen , Singla-Buxarrais Guillem , Anokye Nana , Pound Carole , Gowing Francesca , Norris Meriel
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Upper limb (UL) rehabilitation is most effective early after stroke, with higher doses leading to improved outcomes. For the stroke survivor, the repetition may be monotonous. For clinicians, providing a clinically meaningful level of input can be challenging. As such, time spent engaged in UL activity among subacute stroke survivors remains inadequate. Opportunities for the stroke survivor to engage with UL rehabilitation in a safe, accessible and engaging way are essential to improving UL outcomes following stroke. The NeuroBall is a non-immersive virtual reality (VR) digital system designed for stroke rehabilitation, specifically for the arm and hand. The aim of the Rehabilitation using virtual gaming for Hospital and hOMe-Based training for the Upper limb post Stroke study is to determine the safety, feasibility and acceptability of the NeuroBall as a rehabilitation intervention for the UL in subacute stroke.

Methods and analysis

A feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) will compare the NeuroBall plus usual care with usual care only, in supporting UL rehabilitation over 7 weeks. Twenty-four participants in the subacute poststroke phase will be recruited while on the inpatient or early supported discharge (ESD) stroke pathway. Sixteen participants will be randomised to the intervention group and eight to the control group. Outcomes assessed at baseline and 7 weeks include gross level of disability, arm function, spasticity, pain, fatigue and quality of life (QoL). Safety will be assessed by recording adverse events and using pain, spasticity and fatigue scores. A parallel process evaluation will assess feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. Feasibility will also be determined by assessing fidelity to the intervention. Postintervention, semistructured interviews will be used to explore acceptability with 12 participants from the intervention group, four from the usual care group and with up to nine staff involved in delivering the intervention.

Ethics and dissemination

This trial has ethical approval from Brunel University London’s Research Ethics Committee 25257-NHS-Oct/2020-28121-2 and the Wales Research Ethics Committee 5 Bangor (Health and Care Research Wales) REC ref: 20/WA/0347. The study is sponsored by Brunel University London. Contact: Dr Derek Healy, Chair, University Research Ethics committee (Derek.healy@brunel.ac.uk). Trial results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals, presented at national and international conferences and distributed to people with stroke.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN11440079; Pre-results.
1032 Mobile phones for homeless patients in the emergency department, a lifeline to connect with vital support services during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Herrmann Simone , Harrison Hooi-Ling , Parkinson Sophie , Russell Hannah
Published: June 2022

Aims/Objectives/Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic most of London’s homeless day centres and hostels had to close, essential support services and GP practices were only contactable by phone or online. This created a precarious situation for vulnerable street homeless, leaving them with limited access to food, safe places or health care. Homeless patients attending our ED within hours could access homeless team support. However, an audit in our ED in May 2020 revealed that 70–80% of our homeless patients attended out of hours. We identified this shortfall in care, so conducted a pilot project to supply mobile phones to 30 homeless patients to facilitate a follow-up with our homeless team. This is the first study of this kind in an emergency department in the UK.

Methods/Design

Two grants from the GSTT charity and the Society of Catholic Medical Missionaries charity covered the purchase of 30 mobile phones. The phones were given together with contact numbers to 30 rough sleepers attending our department out of hours, who did not have access to a phone or an allocated support worker. In addition, we forwarded the patient‘s details and mobile number to our homeless team who contacted the patient the next working day after discharge.

Results/Conclusions

All 30 phones were given out during a 3 month period. ED staff referred 21 of the 30 patients to the homeless team. The homeless team was able to contact 17 patients. 4 patients were eligible for council housing and 3 patients received alternative accommodation with charities. 6 patients were referred to other services including the first fit clinic, domestic violence service, the HIV clinic and the community mental health team. These outcomes are significant and life changing for these individuals and, considering the low cost of one phone (£26 per phone including top-up), application for further funding has been submitted.
1116 Diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care lung ultrasound for COVID-19: a meta-analysis of 19 studies including 3954 patients
Authors: Matthies Ashley , Trauer Michael , Chopra Karl , Jarman Robert
Published: June 2022

Aims/Objectives/Background

There is a growing evidence-base concerning the role of Point-of-Care (POC) lung ultrasound (LUS) for the diagnosis of COVID-19. LUS is well-established for many respiratory illnesses and may convey several advantages over conventional imaging modalities and single initial reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for COVID-19.

The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of LUS for the diagnosis of COVID-19. This is the first meta-analysis in this evolving area of research and combines data from almost 4,000 patients.

Methods/Design

This work was synthesised according to the PRISMA guidelines. A research question was formulated according to the PICOTS framework and a search strategy was developed in accordance with existing guidance. A screening and selection tool was used to identify studies from the initial search. All prospective and retrospective trials of adult patients comparing LUS to either RT-PCR testing, chest CT or a final clinical diagnosis were included.

Data analysis was performed in R. Random effects bivariate binomial models were used to estimate overall sensitivity, specificity, and the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curve for LUS. The QUADAS-2 tool was used to assess the quality of included studies.

Abstract 1116 Figure 1

Forest plot of LUS sensitivity

Abstract 1116 Figure 2

Forest plot of LUS specificity

Abstract 1116 Figure 3

Random effects meta-analysis

Results/Conclusions

19 studies were included in the meta-analysis, providing data for 3,954 patients in total. LUS demonstrated an overall (pooled) sensitivity of 87.3% (95% CI 83.4–90.5) and specificity of 70.0% (61.6–76.4). The overall positive and negative likelihood ratios were 3.04 (2.27–4.06) and 0.16 (0.12–0.22) respectively. Heterogeneity between studies was found to be high, with I2values of 72.6% (59.2–91.7) and 87% (83.5–95.9) for sensitivity and specificity respectively.

LUS was found to be highly sensitive in a high prevalence population and may improve detection of COVID-19 pneumonia compared to CXR. In patients requiring hospital admission a normal LUS should prompt consideration of alternative diagnoses.