bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ВЛАСТИ
И ГРАЖДАНСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА
В ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-КОММУНИКАЦИОННОЙ СРЕДЕ
Authors: Балиев И.В.
Published: December 2024

Статья анализирует влияние цифровых технологий и социальных медиа на политические процессы и общественные взаимодействия с акцентом на американские выборы и их воздействие на российские социокультурные практики. В частности, рассмотрены манипулятивные техники анализа больших данных, которые республиканцы применяли для мобилизации, и вопросы моральности подобных методов. Авторы обсуждают структурные и институциональные барьеры, препятствующие интеграции цифровых коммуникаций в российские государственные системы, что приводит к асимметрии в восприятии цифровой информации между обществом и властью. Подчёркивается важность инклюзии общественного мнения в государственные процессы, а также вызовы и возможности самоорганизации различных сообществ в условиях цифровой трансформации. Предлагаются пути интеграции новых методов взаимодействия для усиления диалога между гражданским обществом и государственными структурами, что может способствовать социальному равновесию и снижению конфронтации.
КОНЦЕПЦИЯ
БРЕНДА РАБОТОДАТЕЛЯ
ДЛЯ ВЫПУСКНИКОВ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ
Authors: Болотханов Э.Б. , Хамидова Д.Л.-А.
Published: December 2024

В статье рассмотрены различные подходы к определению понятия «бренд работодателя», проанализированы его особенности для выпускников образовательных учреждений. Целью настоящего исследования является определение понятия бренд работодателя для выпускников образовательных учреждений, анализ этапов формирования ценностного предложения и его составляющие. В результате анализа предложено новое определение бренда работодателя для целевой аудитории. Исследованы этапы формирования ценностного предложения работодателя и предложены основные его составляющие: реклама бренда, команда, бонусы и преимущества на работе, задачи работников. Ценностное предложение работодателя для выпускников образовательных учреждений является экосистемой поддержки, признания и ценностей, которые существуют в компании для достижения сотрудниками высочайшего уровня профессионального развития. Также определено экономическое влияние бренда работодателя на результаты компании, а именно: происходит уменьшение расходов на подбор персонала в два раза.
АНАЛИЗ И ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Магомадов Э.М.
Published: December 2024

В динамичной и конкурентной среде каждое предприятие стремится поддерживать плановый уровень производительности или повышать её в соответствии с требованиями рынка и потребителей. Производственный потенциал предприятия является важной экономической категорией, практическая значимость его определения тесно связана с оценкой стоимости производственного комплекса, уровня конкурентоспособности организации, увеличения потенциальных возможностей производства и реализации, выбором оптимального размера и структуры производства. Оценка производственного потенциала предприятия является сложным многоэтапным процессом, сложность и глубина исследования определяется целями и задачами анализа. Этими обстоятельствами обусловлен выбор темы проводимого исследования.
INTELLECTUAL CULTURE AND ITS UNDERSTANDING IN THE DEVELOPED WORLD
Authors: Odilbek Babanazarovich Radjapov
Published: December 2024

This article studies the diverse perspectives on the definition of the term “intellectual culture” and views the idea of discourse as a form of human thought autonomy
KEY WORDS: Intellectualism, culture, culture of mass manipulation, manipulation with values, the essence of the concepts of mass culture and mass thinking
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND NATURAL ZEOLITE INFLUENCE ON THE BRASSICA NAPUS POLLEN MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Zubkova Tatyana , Vinogradov Dmitri
Published: December 2024

The purpose of research is a comparative study of the morphometric characteristics of Brassica napus pollen grown on variants with different levels of nutrition, and the identification of features of the formation of spring rapeseed productivity. The influence of organic fertilizers and natural zeolite on the morphobio-logical characteristics and productivity of spring rapeseed was revealed. The work was carried out during 2018–2020 on the experimental field of Yelets State University named after Bunin. Morphological charac-teristics of Brassica napus pollen (polar axis, equatorial diameter, shape index, exine perforation pattern, and perimeter of perforation zones) were also proposed, which were studied using JEOL JSM-6390 scan-ning electron microscopy. It was shown that the pollen grains of Brassica napus had an oblong-ellipsoid shape. Pollen grains were round with straight sides in polar view, elliptical in equatorial view. For the equatorial axis among fertilizer applications, the coefficient of variation ranged from 8.47 to 12.01 % com-pared to the control (18.35 %). For the outer perforation perimeter of pollen grains, the minimum values ranged from 1.68 to 1.95 µm, while the maximum values ranged from 4.34 to 7.12 µm compared to the control (1.34; 5.68 µm). The pollen grain shape index of Brassica napus varied from 1.96 to 2.07 com-pared to the control (2.03). In general, when using organic fertilizer and zeolite, the morphometric parame-ters of pollen grains were significantly improved.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBLINGUAL SALIVARY GLANDS IN AMERICAN MINK AND SIBERIAN WEASEL
Authors: Terebova Svetlana , Momot N , Kolina Yuliya , Kamliya I
Published: December 2024

The sublingual salivary glands in mammals are divided into single- and multi-duct, they are tubular-alveolar, of mixed secretion. The purpose of research is to study the histological structure and histochemi-cal features of the sublingual salivary glands of the American mink and the Siberian weasel. Research methods included: obtaining histological sections from the sublingual salivary glands, staining them with hematoxylin-eosin; setting up histochemical reactions with appropriate controls. The intensity of histo-chemical reactions was determined using a semi-quantitative visual assessment according to the method of V.V. Sokolovsky. According to our studies, the sublingual salivary glands of the American mink and of the Siberian weasel are of mucous secretion. The dominant acini of the salivary glands in both the mink and the Siberian are purely mucous. The weasel has elongated mucous end sections. On closer examina-tion, they form significant secretory spaces throughout. Histochemically alcianophilic secret is found in the sublingual gland of the weasel in a significant amount and its topography is peculiar. In the mink, the lu-men of the mucous acini is blocked by contents consisting of glycoproteins, carboxylated glycosaminogly-cans, proteoglycans, sulfated glycosaminoglycans. The intercalary excretory ducts in the sublingual sali-vary glands are round in shape and occur singly, lined with cuboidal epithelium. In the mink, the interca-lary ducts are developed and have a structure of the usual form. The striated ducts of the sublingual sali-vary glands, especially in the long ducts, are well expressed in the animals we studied. However, there are very few of them in the weasel, and they resemble intercalary ducts, but of a larger diameter, and are lined with cuboidal epithelium, while the epithelium of the striated ducts of the sublingual salivary glands of the mink is cylindrical. The sublingual salivary glands of carnivores are complex tubular-alveolar glands with specific morphological features determined by the type of food and habitat. Histochemical studies have revealed in the sublingual salivary gland of the mink and the weasel a predominantly mucous nature of the secretion of epithelial cells of the terminal sections.Despite an insignificant number of serous acini in the salivary glands of the compared animal species, the weasel also has mixed terminal sections. The epithelium of the excretory ductal system of the sublingual glands is involved in the production of a secret, which is histochemically detected not only in the lumen of the ducts, but also in the epithelial cells of the intercalary and striated ducts.
INDEX CONSTRUCTION TO COMPREHENSIVELY ASSESS DAIRY COWS
Authors: Alekseeva Elena
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the work is to construct an index for a comprehensive assessment of dairy cows. The object of research is the cows of the Yenisei intra-breed type of the red-and-white breed, having three completed lactations, bred in the breeding reproducer of JSC Tubinsk of the Krasnoturansk District of the Krasnoyarsk Region. To test the productive-technological index, a group of 501 heads was formed, which included cows of three lactations: the first – 380 heads, the second – 75 heads and the third – 46 heads. A formula for calculating the productive-technological index of cows is proposed. With the age of cows, milk yield increased from 6340 to 7028 kg. The mass fractions of fat and protein were 4.15–4.20 and 3.14–3.16 %, respectively. In the first lactation, the cows had the smallest measurements: height at the withers – 135 cm, chest depth – 77.2, oblique body length – 147, chest girth behind the shoulder blades – 192 cm, which is consistent with the physiology of animal development. With age, the cows became shorter-legged due to an increase in the depth of the chest, which led to a decrease in the long-legged index from 42.7 to 42.0; An increase in milk yield and a change in measurements led to a slight decrease in the productive and technological index with age – from 4.71 to 4.52, which can be used to predict the productivity of cows. The parameters for the formation of the structure of a herd of cows are determined, taking into account the productive and technological index: 5.01 and above – selection; 4.01–5.00 – the first production; 3.51–4.00 – the second production; 3.50 and less – alignment. Among the first heifers, the selection group included 37.6 %, and the first production group included 38.2 %. The proportion of animals included in the ranking group increased by the third lactation to 15.2 %.
USING THE IN SILICO METHOD TO PREDICT THE BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES PROPERTIES
Authors: Kurbanova Marina , Voroshilin Roman , Matyushev Vasily , Kalugina, Olesya , Muhim-zade Muhsin
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the work is to conduct research on the study of the accumulation of bioactive peptides during the ripening of semi-hard cheeses, depending on the strains of microorganisms included in starter cultures using the in silico method. Tasks: to carry out the development of model semi-hard cheeses with the participation of starter cultures containing strains; determine the chemical composition of model semi-hard cheeses at the age of 90 days, as well as their peptide sequence; to study the effect of strains of starter cultures on the bioactivity and other properties of peptides of model semi-solid varieties. For research, model samples of semi-hard cheeses developed in the workshop of scientific and experimental foundations of food systems at the Technological Institute of Food Industry of the Kemerovo State University (KemSU) were used in two variations: cheese A – starter cultures were used, consisting of strains of microorganisms Lactococcus lactis subs. lactis and Lactococcus lactis subs. cremoris; cheese B – from strains of microorganisms Lactococcus lactis subs. lactis and Lactococcus lactis subsp. Cremoris, and a culture containing the bacteria Lactocaseibacillus casei. By evaluating the bioactive properties by the in silico method, it was determined that the studied peptide samples have the following main properties: ACE inhibitors, DPP-IV inhibitor and antioxidant properties. In this regard, it can be assumed that with the regular use of mature cheeses in the diet, pharmacological preparations can be avoided
LAMADOR SEED PROTECTANT EFFECTIVENESS BY THE SOFT SPRING WHEAT EXAMPLE
Authors: Khizhnyak Sergey , Keler Victoria , Ovsyankina Sofya , Demeneva Alena , Mashkovskaya Eleonora , Scheklein Denis
Published: December 2024

The aim of the work is to evaluate the effect of the systemic fungicide Lamador on the yield, infesta-tion and taxonomic composition of seed phytopathogenic fungi in the soft spring wheat varieties Novosi-birskaya 16 and Pamyati Vavenkova (Triticum aestivum L.). Objectives: to study the prevalence of seed infection pathogens using the example of soft spring wheat varieties Pamyati Vavenkova and Novosi-birskaya 16 and to evaluate the effectiveness of the Bayer JSC Lamador seed treater in the fight against identified pathogens to increase their productivity. As test objects, seeds of soft spring wheat harvested in 2021–2022 were used, obtained on the experimental field of the UNPK Borsky (Borsk settlement, Su-khobuzimsky District, the Krasnoyarsk Region), located in the forest-steppe zone. The choice of seeds of these varieties as test objects for testing the effectiveness of the disinfectant was due to the fact that, according to the results of preliminary experiments, these seeds were characterized by a high level of nat-ural infection with phytopathogenic fungi. The taxonomic composition of the causative agents of seed in-fection was typical for the region and included representatives of the g.g. Fusarium, Bipolaris, Alternaria. The distribution of representatives of different genera according to the frequency of occurrence on seeds significantly (p<0.001) differed from uniform due to the predominance of representatives of the g. Fusari-um, which accounted for more than 60 % of isolated isolates. In addition, highly significant (p<0.001) dif-ferences were noted between seeds of different varieties in terms of the frequency of occurrence of repre-sentatives of the g.g. Bipolaris and Alternaria, while the frequency of occurrence of representatives of the g. Fusarium differed statistically insignificantly. Seed treatment with Lamador systemic fungicide resulted in a highly significant (p<0.001) decrease in the prevalence of seed infection from 100 % to 14–25 % (de-pending on the variety).
SOWING METHODS AND SOWING RATES INFLUENCE ON THE SEEDS SOWING QUALITY AND PLANTS SAFETY FOR HARVESTING BUCKWHEAT VARIETIES
Authors: Nikitina Vera , Vagner V.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of research is to reveal the significance of the studied elements of technology in the pro-cess of formation of sowing qualities of seeds. Laboratory and field experiments were carried out with 2 varieties of buckwheat: Zemlyachka (Bashkir Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa), Zhdanka (OPKh (experimental production farm) Kuraginskoye, the Krasnoyarsk Region). The study options were 2 sowing methods (row: row spacing 15 cm; inter-row – 30 cm) and 3 seeding rates: 2.5; 1.8 and 1.2 million viable seeds per 1 ha. Plant density was determined on test plots 0.25 m2 in size for all repetitions in four repetitions during full germination and before harvesting. The laboratory germination of seeds was deter-mined in accordance with GOST 12038-84(2011). Significant differences in germination energy and labor-atory germination of seeds in varieties according to the studied variants were obtained. The germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds were higher in the Zemlyachka variety. A significant difference in sowing qualities of seeds was observed over the years. Significantly higher values of laboratory germi-nation were found with the inter-row sowing method. In fact, there were no significant differences in ger-mination energy by sowing methods. Significantly higher values for germination energy, laboratory germi-nation were obtained at a seeding rate of 1.8 million seeds/1 ha. A higher contribution to the germination energy variability is made by the factor “years” (29.6 %), the interaction of the factors “variety × years” (19.9 %), “years × seeding rate”, “seeding rate” (9.4 %), “variety × years × seeding rate” (8.9 %). The phe-notypic variability of laboratory germination includes a large proportion of the interaction of the factors "va-riety × years" (31.1 %), "variety × years × seeding rates" (15.7 %), "years" (12.9 %), "variety" (10.8 %). The main influence on the variability of field germination was exerted by the growing conditions (64.3 %), then the interaction of the factors "vegetation conditions × seeding rate" (13.2 %), "variety × growing con-ditions × seeding rate" (10.3 %). Higher field germination values were obtained with an ordinary sowing method, the seeding rate was 1.2 million seeds per 1 ha. The survival rate of plants for harvesting was higher with the row sowing method at a seeding rate of 1.8 million seeds per 1 ha. The Zemlyachka varie-ty stood out in terms of plant survival for harvesting. The combination of the following factors showed the greatest influence on the variability of plant survival “years × seeding rates” (26.1 %), “years × sowing methods × seeding rates” (21.1 %), “years” (12.9 %), “sowing methods × seeding rates” (10.1 %). The highest proportion of variability in the number of plants per unit area is caused by seeding rates (74.2 %) and vegetation conditions (16.1 %).
INTEGRATED CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ADAPTIVE ACTIVITY LEVEL OF WINTER RYE TETRA-PLOID SAMPLES UNDER THE NORTH-WEST OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION CONDITIONS
Authors: Safonova Irina , Anis'kov Nikolay
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is to evaluate tetraploid varieties of winter rye in terms of plasticity, ecologi-cal stability, adaptability, intensity in changing growing conditions and to identify varieties that are the best in terms of these indicators. The degree of realization of a consistently high yield is determined by the genotype and the influence of specific soil-climatic and temporal conditions. An integrated assess-ment of the level of adaptive potential of plasticity and stability of varieties makes it possible to select among the studied assortment the most high-yielding and ecologically adaptive forms of plants adapted to a wide range of cultivation conditions. Evaluation of ten varieties of tetraploid winter rye (Secale cereale tetraploidum nudipaleatum) was carried out in 2018–2021, according to fourteen parameters of adaptabil-ity, plasticity and stability of the trait – grain yield: by regression coefficient (bi), ecological plasticity index (O), multiplicative coefficient (ai), intensity index (I), ecological plasticity index (I.E.P.), adaptability coeffi-cient (C.A.), ecovalence (Wi), stability index (SI), stability index (Ϭd2), stability level indicator (A), geno-typic effect (Ɛi), coefficient of variation (V). Mathematical processing of experimental data was carried out by the method of two-factor analysis of variance without repetitions. It was revealed that the formation of rye yield is determined by 89.4 % by the conditions of the growing year and by 7.9 % by the variety. A high average yield level was obtained in varieties Siberia 4 (+0.86), Praleska (+0.63), Flame (+0.55) to the standard Verasen. A high level of adaptive activity was revealed by the sum of ranks – 14 parameters in the varieties Siberia 4 (Ʃ ranks = 50), Plamya (Ʃ ranks = 57), Praleska (Ʃ ranks = 61), Siberia 3 (Ʃ ranks = 70), Siberia (Ʃ ranks = 71).
GENEALOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE ABERDEEN-ANGUS BREED HERD OF THE PEASANT (FARM) ECONOMY TSVETKOVA T.N. OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA
Authors: Usmanova Elena , Cvetkova Tat'yana , Ostapchuk Pavel , Kuzyakina Lyudmila , Kuevda Tat'yana
Published: December 2024

The purpose of research is to study the genealogical structure of the Aberdeen Angus herd in one of the leading peasant farms of the Republic of Crimea. Information about the genealogy of the herd of cattle of the Aberdeen-Angus breed, formed in the conditions of the Republic of Crimea, is given and recommendations are given on further ways of developing this direction. As of 01/01/2022 in the Republic of Crimea, cattle for meat production are registered – 5,270 heads, or 13 % of the total livestock. The most popular breed in the Crimea is the Aberdeen Angus. An analysis of the genealogy of the herd of the Aberdeen-Angus breed, formed in the conditions of the republic, is given. The brood stock was received from 9 breeders. The offspring from the bull Atlas is more numerous – 81 heads (or 74 %). From other bulls, a significantly smaller number of daughters were obtained – from 7 to 1 head. A feature of the herd is the presence of animals with a red suit, which is recessive. With the gene of the red color in the homozygous state there were 6 animals (5.4 %). In addition, the carriers of this gene are other descendants of the Atlas bull, but with a black suit, in the amount of 75 heads. To increase the livestock of the red suit, it is necessary to breed animals that have the red suit gene in the homozygous and heterozygous states, selecting bulls carrying this gene for their insemination. Directions for further work with the herd are outlined: the main selection criteria are reproductive efficiency, the presence of bulls that transmit good fattening traits, “marbling” of meat, but at the same time retaining a high fertility trait. When planning breeding work, it is necessary to follow the general breeding program of the Aberdeen Angus breed, which provides for the preservation of the general traits of the breed and individual ones that are adapted in specific regions and farms, while taking into account the heritability and expression of traits in the complex. Purposeful line breeding should be followed; attention should be paid to identifying candidate genes for beneficial traits and the presence of genetic defects.
THE EIMERIA VACCINE STRAINS COMBINED USE EFFECT ON THE INTESTINAL MUCOSA OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Frolova Ol'ga , Donkova Natalya , Rybin Nikolay , Holodilina Mariya , Ermakova Lyudmila , Afonyushkin Vasiliy
Published: December 2024

The purpose of research is to study the effect of the combined use of Eimeria vaccine strains on the intestinal mucosa of chickens by histological methods. The object of the study is broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross, divided into 3 experimental groups: Group 1 (n = 10): on day 14, 1 dose/head was immunized per os. vaccine "Evalon"; group 2 (n = 10): on day 14, 1 dose/head was immunized per os. vaccine "Eymeriavaks 4M"; Group 3 (n = 10): on day 14, they were immunized peros with a mixture of Evalon vaccines, 0.5 doses/head. and "Eymeriavaks 4M" 0.5 doses / goal. On the 28th day, the chickens of these groups per os were re-infested with the second passage of sporulated oocysts at a dose of 0.5 thousand/head, isolated from the litter of a particular group. The study was performed at the Department of Anatomy, Pathological Anatomy and Surgery, Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University. In chickens immunized with Evalon and Eymeriavax 4M in the monovariant, at 35 days, 20 days after the start of the experiment, no disturbances in the histoarchitectonics of the mucosal, submucosal, muscular and serous layers were detected in the duodenum and jejunum. When stained with the PAS reaction with alcian blue, mucins in Goblet cells were intensively stained. Premature differentiation of crypt cells into Goblet cells was observed. In chickens vaccinated with a combination of vaccines, at 35 days the most pronounced changes associated with chicken eimeriosis were observed in the duodenum: the largest number of macrogamonts and microgamonts, villous infiltration with mononuclear cells. Catarrhal enteritis was characterized by the formation of a large number of goblet exocrinocytes, intensely stained with alcian blue. During artificial invasion of chickens with oocysts of the second passage of Eimeria, after synchronous vaccination with two live anti-Eimeri vaccines, a greater severity of gametogenesis and violations of the histoarchitectonics of the intestinal villi was observed in comparison with the use of anti-Eimeri vaccines in the monovariant.
ARTERIAL BLOOD SUPPLY OF REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS IN WHITE CROSS HISEX CHICKEN
Authors: Dikikh Anastasia , Perveneckaya Marina , Koshkarev Maksim , Komarov Aleksandr
Published: December 2024

The aim of research is to study the features of the arterial system of the ovary and oviduct in the white cross Hisex chicken. The object of the study is the ovary and oviduct of a white cross Hisex chicken at the age of 165–185 days. To study the vessels that are involved in the vascularization of the ovary and oviduct, the method of conventional and thin preparation was used, pouring SKS-65 latex through the femoral artery, then fixing in a 3 % aqueous solution of formaldehyde was performed. Three types of arterial blood supply to the ovaries have been identified. In the first type, two arteries originated from the left cranial renal artery and penetrated into the ovarian stroma. In the second type, one artery branched from the descending aorta and two arteries from the left cranial renal artery. In the third type, two arteries branched from the descending aorta and one artery from the left cranial renal artery and entered the ovarian stroma. Arterial blood supply to the oviduct is carried out by the main arteries - dorsal and ventral oviduct, additional – cranial, middle and caudal protein, cranial and caudal uterine and small collateral – right and left craniolateral, caudoventral, cranioventral uterine. Vascularization of the uterus in chicken occurs due to the main (cranial and caudal uterine) and additional (craniolateral right and left, caudodorsal and cranioventral) collateral arteries. In 68.5 % of cases, it was found that the ovaries were supplied with blood by branches both from the descending aorta and from the left cranial renal artery, while in 31.5 % of cases – only from the left cranial renal artery. The presence of various connections in the form of intersystemic and intrasystemic anastomoses on the lateral surface of the oviduct, which represent a morphological path of roundabout blood circulation, was noted.
DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN TRICHOPHYTOSIS OF DOGS
Authors: Rodin Igor' , Burmenskaya Galina , Bogatyr' Maksim , Gerasimenko Svetlana
Published: December 2024

The purpose of research is to study the spread and conduct of diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic measures with the identification of the most effective treatment regimen for trichophytosis in dogs. The study was conducted from 2018 to 2022 in veterinary clinics in the cities of Temryuk and Goryachiy Klyuch. An analysis of the incidence of trichophytosis in dogs was carried out. Data on the seasonality of this disease and the percentage of morbidity in animals at different ages were established. A comprehensive diagnosis was carried out taking into account the epizootic situation, anamnestic information from the owners of animals, the results of clinical studies of dogs and mycological analysis of samples of pathological material from infected animals. The characteristic symptomatology for infected animals with fungi of the genus Trichophyton is manifested by a violation of the structural integrity of the skin, as well as its derivatives (hairline, claws and crumbs on the paws). Alopecia, splitting and fragility of the hair at the base of the hair follicle, redness of the skin, rash, itching, crusts are the main signs to suggest the presence of trichophytosis in dogs. The data obtained were taken from veterinary clinics in the cities of the Krasnodar Region (Goryachiy Klyuch and Temryuk), after which they were carefully studied and differentiated. Laboratory studies revealed cultures of fungi belonging to the genera Trichophyton, Mucor, Alternaria alternata, Microsporum, Aspergillus and Penicillium. Inoculation was carried out on Sabur dextrose agar, where the differentiation of genera was carried out according to the following features: the shape of the colonies, their growth rate, the consistency and color of the grown mushrooms. A comparative assessment of various treatment regimens for dogs diagnosed with trichophytosis is given. The most effective regimen for the treatment of trichophytosis in dogs with the use of sanoderm cream, itraconazole and immunofan was established. Of the preventive measures, it is recommended to systematically carry out anti-epizootic measures using vaccines: Trimivak, Polivak-TM and Vakderm, Microderm, Mentava; compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards for keeping animals and constant examination of the skin.
SECONDARY RAW MATERIAL OF CAVIAR PRODUCTION BIOPOTENTIAL TO OBTAIN BIOLOGICALLY VALUABLE PROTEIN PRODUCTS
Authors: Poleshchuk Denis , Podlennyy Lev , Maksimova Svetlana , Volkov Vladimir , Kalinina Natalya
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the feasibility of using caviar production waste generated during salmon processing to obtain biologically valuable products with easily digestible protein by hydrothermal impact on secondary raw materials. Objectives: to substantiate the choice of waste generated during the punching of ovaries of Pacific salmon species as a valuable secondary raw material; to determine its biotechnological potential; to substantiate the expediency of using thermohydrolysis to obtain a biologically valuable protein product from caviar production waste. The material of the study is caviar processing by-products generated and collected during the punching of chum salmon ovaries in August 2022 at a fish processing plant located in the Khabarovsk Region. Sampling of raw materials and their preparation for analysis was carried out according to standard methods (GOST 31339-2006, GOST 7631-2008). The determination of the general chemical composition was carried out according to GOST 7636-85 Fish, marine mammals, marine invertebrates and products of their processing. Methods of Analysis. The amino acid composition of proteins was determined by capillary electrophoresis on a Kapel-105 device. The fractional composition of proteins was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with a Phenomenex column (Yarra 3uSEC = 2000). The investigated secondary raw materials have a high technological potential due to the presence of proteins in it, including collagen. The presence of collagen in caviar processing by-products is not constant and can vary depending on many factors. To obtain a biologically available protein, it was proposed to use barometric processing of secondary raw materials at a temperature of 130 °C. As a result of thermal hydrolysis, two fractions were obtained: water-soluble protein in the amount of 39.2 % of the total mass and sediment, which is a mixture of insoluble minerals and proteins. The water-soluble protein hydrolyzate was freeze-dried and analyzed for the presence of biologically valuable low molecular weight protein substances. The dry protein hydrolyzate contained 80.3 % protein and 30.61 % biologically valuable low molecular weight peptides with a molecular weight of less than 10 kDa.
INFLUENCE OF COFFEE BREWING METHODS ON ORGANOLEPTIC AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Lashmanova Lidiya , Ibragimova Railya , Borisova Anna
Published: December 2024

The purpose of reseach is to study the methods of coffee brewing and their influence on the organoleptic and physico-chemical properties of the drink. Tasks: obtaining a coffee drink using traditional methods of brewing in a cezve, a coffee maker, infusion and using high-tech intensive processing methods in a microwave field and ultrasound; comparison of the organoleptic properties of the resulting drinks; comparison of the degree of extraction of coffee, depending on the method of preparation. The material of the study is a coffee mixture of Arabica and Robusta varieties Black Card of medium roast, medium grinding, obtained using a laboratory mill. Coffee was brewed by heating on the stove, steeping, in a drip coffee maker, with the influence of ultra-high frequency currents, ultrasound. A comparative assessment of the organoleptic characteristics of drinks was carried out, the amount of soluble solids and the total content of extractives isolated during coffee brewing by different methods were determined. Different ways of brewing coffee influenced the color of the drink, the samples differed in palette from rich dark brown to light brown. The darkest color was observed in a drink brewed under the influence of microwave currents. The amount of extractives met the requirements for only a few samples, for example, coffee brewed in the microwave field had a large mass fraction of extractives (25 %), and the smallest amount of extractives (16.6 %) was found in a coffee sample obtained by infusion in hot water. The amount of soluble solids varied from 1 to 2 %, depending on the method of coffee brewing. The most balanced taste was observed in drinks brewed in a cezve and a coffee maker. Coffee that was steeped in boiling water for 3 minutes had a bitter taste.
ANALYSIS OF THE HEMP FLOUR 'S AMINO ACID COMPOSITION
Authors: Ermosh Larisa , Prisukhina N
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is to determine the amino acid composition of hemp flour and to compare its biological value with traditional baking types of flour – premium wheat, first grade and rye. The object of the study is hemp flour produced by Konoplex Foods LLC (Penza), which is widely represented in the retail chain of Krasnoyarsk. The determination of the amino acid composition was carried out in a laboratory way in the research testing center of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, the amino acid score – by calculation, based on a comparison of the amino acid composition of the protein of the evaluated product with the amino acid indicators of the standard (“ideal”) protein (chicken egg protein). Analysis of the data obtained showed that out of 18 types of certain amino acids, 11 are indispensable, including 8 – the most valuable. The content of essential amino acids was 45.8 % of their total content. Comparative analysis of hemp flour with traditional types of baking flour showed that the amount of essential amino acids is: in wheat of the highest grade – 2.53; wheat of the first grade – 2.97; rye – 2.271; hemp – 8.41 g/100 g. The amino acid score (AC) of hemp flour for all types of essential amino acids exceeds the CA of all traditional types of flour. The highest excess is observed in threonine (5–6 times), the minimum difference is in leucine (1.1–1.4 times) and tryptophan (1.3–1.5 times). However, hemp flour proteins are incomplete (AC below 100 %), as well as wheat and rye flour. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the use of hemp flour in the formulation composition of bakery products made from wheat and rye flour is appropriate in terms of improving the qualitative and quantitative composition of amino acids, and hence the biological value.
BEE PRODUCTS MACRO- AND MICROCOMPONENT COMPOSITION ANALYSIS
Authors: Bakin Igor , Sukhikh Andrey , Lyubimov Andrey , Mustafina Anna , Chaplygina Olga
Published: December 2024

The purpose of research is to study the macro- and microcomponent composition of the plant part of Angelica officinalis (Angelica archangelica L.) and samples of bee products of monofloral honey collected by bees from this plant in order to predict the functional properties of bee products. Tasks: to analyze samples for the content of macro- and microelements; to evaluate the quantitative content of mineral elements in the plant part of Angelica officinalis and bee products; to analyze the influence of the mineral composition of bee products on the physiological and pharmacological potential of the human body; to explore the botanical origin of honey. The object of the study is the aerial part (inflorescences) of Angelica officinalis and samples of monofloral honey collected in the black taiga zone of Kuznetsk Alatau during the first half of July 2022. Honey samples were examined for the frequency of occurrence of pollen grains of melliferous plants according to the requirements of the GOST 31769-2012 standard, on the basis of which the botanical origin was determined by the method of melissopalynological analysis. Determination of the component mineral composition of honey samples was carried out by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry on an ISP-AES 9820 spectrometer (Shimadzu, Japan). Analysis of the content of elements in samples was carried out according to the calibration dependence of standard solutions of element ions. Quantitative analysis of the content of elements was carried out using multi-element standard samples (ICP multi-element standard solution IV Merck). Correspondence of the botanical origin of honey from the plant Angelica archangelica L. was established. Of the 23 elements identified in the inflorescences of the plant, 17 elements were found in bee products. The content of elements of phosphorus (340 mcg/kg), tin (110) and indium (380 mcg/kg) in honey was determined. The high accumulation of the potassium macroelement up to 3800 µg/kg in honey with the content up to 5700 µg/kg in the plant part is associated with an increased content of elements in the soils of Western Siberia. The degree of satisfaction of the daily requirement for the mineral components of angelica honey was calculated. Bee products can be considered as a natural source of mineral components.
PEAR FRUIT TECHNOLOGICAL EVALUATION AS A RAW MATERIAL TO PRODUCE SNACK PRODUCTS
Authors: Maslovsky Sergey , Osmolovskiy Pavel , Kauhcheshvili Nikolay , Gryzunov Alexey , Fedchenko Ekaterina , Karpova Anastasiya , Merkur'ev Nikolay , Vinokurova Ekaterina , Poleva Nadezhda
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is the technological assessment of pear varieties cultivated in the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation as a raw material for the production of snack products using various dehydration methods. Objectives: to analyze the organoleptic and biochemical parameters of pear fruits of various varieties that are promising for use as a raw material for the production of snack products; to carry out laboratory production of snacks using various methods of dehydration of raw materials (convective, vacuum, freeze-drying); to identify patterns of changes in the chemical composition of the finished product when using various methods of dehydration of raw materials; to establish the influence of varietal characteristics of raw materials and the method of dehydration on the organoleptic characteristics of finished products. The objects of study are pear varieties Moskvichka, Belorusskaya pozdnyaya and Fevral'skij suvenir. According to the organoleptic characteristics of raw materials, pear fruits of the Moskvichka variety were distinguished, the score of which was 9.50 points on a 10-point scale. The highest content of solids was observed in pear fruits of the Fevral'skij suvenir variety – 17.7 %, but pear fruits of the Moskvichka variety were characterized by the highest content of sugars – 6.28 and organic acids – 3.26 %, respectively. During convective drying, darkening of the finished product was observed, which manifested itself in all the studied varieties. To a lesser extent, darkening due to the oxidation of polyphenolic compounds was observed during vacuum drying; it was most pronounced in pear fruits of the Fevral'skij suvenir variety. Freeze drying contributed to the preservation of the color of the raw material. The highest organoleptic evaluation was received by samples made from pear fruits of the Moskvichka variety.The highest score (9.28) was obtained by the sample produced using freeze drying. In the process of dehydration, the concentration of solids, sugars, nitrates and organic acids was noted, which was accompanied by an increase in their mass fraction compared to the initial fresh raw material. The highest degree of dehydration (dry matter content 91.1–94.2 %) was observed when using freeze drying. To obtain high-quality snack products, pear fruits of the Moskvichka variety should be used, using freeze-drying technology.
WHEAT BRAN USE IN BAKERY PRODUCTS MANUFACTURE AS DIETARY PRODUCTS
Authors: Tipsina Nellya , Demidenko Galina
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is to study the quality of white bread "Wheat Healthy" with the optimal partial replacement of wheat baking flour of the highest grade with wheat bran. The objects of the study are samples of white bread “Wheat healthy”, made from baking wheat flour of the highest grade with its partial replacement with wheat bran, added with different percentage replacement. Experiment with study options: options with 10; 20; 30 % with the replacement of wheat baking flour of the highest grade with wheat bran, compared with the control variant, was performed to establish the optimal percentage replacement. The content of solids increases by 1.48 g in comparison with the control in variant № 2 (a sample with 10 % replacement of wheat flour for wheat bran). The variant of experiment No. 2 has no contrast indicators to control. Physico-chemical parameters (duration of dough fermentation, layering, baking) in the variant of experiment № 2 correspond to the control variant. The tasting evaluation of white bread Pshenichnyj poleznyj compared with the control (white bread Pshenichnyj) showed the advantage of the product of white bread Pshenichnyj poleznyj in the variant of experiment № 2. This is expressed in the quality indicators of bread samples in this variant of the experiment: taste and aroma; structure, texture and form. Color and appearance corresponds to the control. Both the total (178 points) and the final (25 points) marks are high, exceeding the control.
INFLUENCE OF BASIC TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON AGROPHYSICAL INDICATORS OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM OF THE KRASNOYARSK FOREST-STEPPE
Authors: Polosina Valentina , Ivchenko Vladimir , Vasiliev Alexander , Luganceva Mariya
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of influence of various systems of basic tillage on the structure of the arable layer, density and hardness of the leached chernozem of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. Field experiments were carried out at the Minderlinskoye educational farm of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University. The territory of the economy belongs to the closed part of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The soil of the experimental plot is leached chernozem with a heavy loamy granulometric composition. The studies were carried out in a five-field crop rotation: green manure fallow – spring wheat – barley – corn – spring wheat. The scheme of the experiment included a variant with 20–22 cm plowing and no main tillage. In general, the state of general porosity in the studied variants of the main tillage can be characterized as excellent (55–65 %) in accordance with the scale of N.A. Kachinsky. A stronger influence of the predecessor on the change in this indicator was noted compared to tillage. The soil of spring wheat crops after green manure fallow with plowing and corn crops of the variant without tillage was characterized by the best ratio of non-capillary and capillary porosity. The results of the study show that both in 2017 and 2020, the soil under the crops of the second grain crop (barley) was characterrized by an increased value of capillary porosity and reduced non-capillary porosity compared to the crops of spring wheat and corn. In the variant without tillage, no noticeable increase in the bulk density was found compared to the variant of moldboard tillage. The refusal to carry out tillage did not lead to a significant deterioration in the parameters of the structure of the arable layer, the density of addition and the hardness of the leached chernozem of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe.
VETERINARY AND SANITARY ASSESSMENT OF ANIMAL SLAUGHTER PRODUCTS FOR ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TUVA
Authors: Danilkina Ol'ga
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is the veterinary and sanitary assessment of the products of slaughter of farm animals with echinococcosis in the Republic of Tuva. Objectives: to study the veterinary and sanitary quality of products of slaughter of farm animals when they are affected by echinococcosis. Conduct an analysis of the epizootic situation of animal and human echinococcosis in the Republic of Tuva for 2019–2021. according to the results of veterinary and sanitary examination. Information on the organization and procedure for conducting a veterinary and sanitary examination of carcasses and internal organs of animals affected by echinococcosis in the Republic of Tuva for 2019–2021 is presented. Analysis of the epizootic situation in the Republic of Tuva for 2019–2021 showed that echinococcosis is widespread among farm animals. According to the results of the veterinary and sanitary examination of carcasses and organs, in 2019 there were 35 cases of detection of echinococcosis, in 2020 – 21 cases, in 2021 – 16 cases of damage to animal carcasses. Horses are more often affected, the percentage of culling of their organs in different years ranged from 9.3 to 21 %. During the veterinary and sanitary assessment of the carcasses of animals affected by echinococcosis, the following signs were noted: liver, lungs, kidneys, bumpy, dull gray in color. Organs affected by echinococcal blisters were deformed, enlarged, hard on palpation. Subcutaneous tissue, adipose tissue, serous integuments of the omentum, mesentery and muscles had a color with a yellowish tint. To improve the epizootic situation and improve the Republic of Tuva from animal echinococcosis, it is necessary to adjust special veterinary and general organizational and economic anti-echinococcosis measures in relation to the prevailing conditions, taking into account the specifics of animal husbandry management and maintenance in the Republic of Tuva.
THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF VARROPlAST M WITH VARROATOSIS IN THE AUTUMN PERIOD
Authors: Domatskaya Tamara , Domatsky Anatoly
Published: December 2024

The purpose of research is to study the effectiveness of varroplast M in varroatosis in apiaries of the Tyumen Region. The object of the study is bee colonies with varroatosis. Varroplast M (prototype) is wooden plates 3.0×20×0.1 cm in size containing fluvalinate and auxiliary components. The experiments were carried out in the same apiary in the Tyumen Region in September 2021 (experiment № 1) and in October 2022 (experiment № 2) on barren bee colonies according to the same scheme. The average daily air temperature during the experiments was 8.9 and 9.90 °C, respectively. For the first experiment, 10 bee colonies were selected, the second – 20 bee colonies of the same strength (12 frames on average), which were divided into 2 equal groups: experimental and control. In the experimental families, 2 plates of the drug were introduced, evenly placing them in the nest. Control families were not treated. Dead ticks were recorded after 2 days in all groups for 10 days. The results obtained were processed using the ANOVA statistic program. It was established that the treatment of barren bee families in the autumn period with varroplast M by introducing 2 plates of the drug into the hive for a period of 10 days reduces the number of varroa mites by 91.6 ± 0.5 – 92.8 ± 1.1 %. There were no deaths of bees and queens during the experiment. Varroplast M is a highly effective acaricide in the treatment of barren bee colonies in the late autumn period in the conditions of the Tyumen Region.