bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water resource accounting: information and awareness for sustainable use
Authors: Pereira Jozenei Silva , Silva Frederico Fonseca de , Panhoca Luiz , Chaves Joselisa Maria , Fernandes Alexandre Machado
Published: August 2022

This article aims to show each inhabitant’s share in the municipality of Alagoinhas (State of Bahia, Brazil) in the water demand in 2050 in monetary values. In methodological terms, this case study is empirical and exploratory. The Balance Sheet of Nations accounting technology allows identifying countries’ environmental assets, liabilities, and equity. The environmental water asset based on the region’s gross domestic product is determined, the environmental net worth by the residual balance of the water reserves, and the environmental water liability by accounting equivalence using the Basic Accounting Equation. Results showed a surplus of US$ 3.04 per capita in 2017 and a deficit of US$ 12.68 per person projected for the year 2050. This result offers the possibility that the municipality of Alagoinhas does not have water resources in the year 2050. It also points to the importance of how inhabitants should take care of their water resources in the coming decades and contributes to future research highlighting the relevance of accounting information aimed at these natural resources’ patrimonial situation.
Estudo numérico de desempenho de trocadores de calor solo-ar em cidades do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Victoria Lucas Costa , Vaz Igor Silva , Costi Juliana , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira , Santos Elizaldo Domingues dos , Rodrigues Michel Kepes , Isoldi Liércio André
Published: August 2022

Trocadores de Calor Solo-Ar (TCSA) são equipamentos instalados em edificações com o intuito de redução no consumo de energia elétrica com sistemas tradicionais de condicionamento de ar. Seu princípio de operação é simples e consiste em dutos enterrados por onde o ar é forçado a escoar, sendo o solo o responsável por propiciar as trocas térmicas e amenizar a temperatura no ambiente edificado. No presente trabalho é estudado o comportamento de um TCSA em duto reto para três localidades distintas no estado brasileiro do Rio Grande do Sul: Rio Grande, Novo Hamburgo e Ibirubá. Ao final da análise, chegou-se à conclusão que o melhor desempenho foi para a cidade do Rio Grande, com um potencial térmico de aquecimento de 6,51 °C e de resfriamento de 5,95 °C. Além disso, foi possível observar que todas regiões apresentaram resultados considerados satisfatórios quanto ao desempenho térmico.
Reflexões discentes: participação em um curso superior em Ciências - Biologia e Química no IEAA/UFAM
Authors: Freitas Felipe Augusto Marques , Lima Renato Abreu , Isabel Alonso Alves Maria , Sant’Anna Cavalcante Felipe
Published: August 2022

Este artigo faz parte de um módulo abordado em uma monografia de conclusão de curso e apresenta reflexões a partir das concepções dos discentes ao ingressar no curso de licenciatura plena em Ciências: Biologia e Química no IEAA/UFAM. Participaram da pesquisa 29 alunos, assumindo uma pesquisa qualitativa. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados sinalizam que ao pensar na formação acadêmica a partir da inserção em um curso de nível superior, seja ele ou não de licenciatura, faz toda a diferença, uma vez que os alunos consideram, a qualificação profissional como um diferencial na vida do indivíduo, proporcionando novas possibilidades para ingressar no mercado de trabalho. Além disso, a escolha do curso de Ciências: Biologia e Química seria uma boa opção por se tratar de uma área específica com poucos profissionais qualificados para atuar na região, possibilitando assim uma oportunidade de se estabilizarem financeiramente.
Utilização de estatística multivariada para análise de fatores físico-químicos do lodo de uma estação de tratamento de água do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Leite Bruna Jann , Zimmermann Nilo Eduardo Kehrwald , Ferreira Vera Lucia Duarte
Published: August 2022

O grande avanço populacional nos centros urbanos, demandam uma crescente nos serviços essenciais para a vida humana, sendo um deles o saneamento básico. O presente artigo investiga as variações de qualidade de resíduos sólidos gerados em uma estação de tratamento de água (ETA) pertencente a Companhia Riograndense de Saneamento. Utilizando-se dados oriundos de análises diárias realizadas nos períodos compreendidos entre janeiro de 2015 e dezembro de 2019, foram aplicadas técnicas de estatística multivariada não paramétrica no intuito de determinar quais os principais fatores físico-químicos caracterizam a qualidade do lodo residual. As variáveis pesquisadas foram: turbidez, pH, oxigênio dissolvido, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, chumbo, ferro, manganês, alumínio e dureza. Os resultados evidenciaram a existência de altas correlações entre: ferro e pH, oxigênio e pH, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio e ferro e oxigênio dissolvido e demanda bioquímica de oxigênio. Também verificaram que o manganês não interfere consideravelmente no lodo gerado. A avaliação da qualidade do lodo oriundo do tratamento da água através de parâmetros físico-químicos pré-determinados possibilita inferir, por exemplo, como a quantidade do coagulante sulfato de alumínio aplicada para o tratamento pode influenciar substancialmente no nível de alumínio presente na água potável como também no lodo produzido.
Padrões espaciais de agregação populacional em modelos discretos
Authors: Rossato Marcelo Cargnelutti , Rodrigues Luiz Alberto Díaz , Mistro Diomar Cristina
Published: August 2022

Diversos modelos matemáticos são utilizados para tentar descrever a formação de distribuições heterogêneas de indivíduos de muitas espécies. Com este intuito, são propostos neste trabalho dois modelos de redes de mapas acoplados com movimentação dependente da densidade. O primeiro modelo considera que os indivíduos possuem apenas uma percepção local enquanto o segundo pressupõe uma percepção não local. Em ambos os modelos, é adotada uma preferência dos indivíduos por densidades intermediárias, protegendo-se dos riscos gerados pela superpopulação ou pela dificuldade de manter a espécie em locais pouco povoados. Foram realizadas simulações dos dois modelos, obtendo distribuições espaciais homogêneas, heterogêneas estáveis, heterogêneas oscilatórias e instáveis. Foi possível concluir que ambos os modelos representam mecanismos de agregação e que os modelos com percepção não local possibilitaram a formação de padrões mais extensos.
Diagnóstico da análise de água de um poço artesiano da Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Peixoto Sandra Cadore , Martins Resmini João Pedro
Published: August 2022

A água deve atender a alguns padrões de potabilidade, estabelecidos na legislação, visto que é um recurso de suma importância para o homem, quando designada para consumo dos seres humanos pode ser utilizada para a ingestão, preparo e produção de alimentos, e para a higiene pessoal independente da origem (BRASIL, 2011). Com isso, este estudo visa diagnosticar a qualidade da água de um poço artesiano da Região Central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a fim de comprovar a potabilidade perante aos parâmetros de potabilidade estabelecidos na Portaria Nº 2.914, de 12 de dezembro de 2011, do Ministério da Saúde. Para isto, os procedimentos experimentais realizados foram: determinação do valor de pH; temperatura; sólidos totais dissolvidos; dureza; sódio, potássio, coliformes totais e concentração residual de ferro. Após a análise da amostra de água, verificou-se que o consumo desta amostra analisada é indicado para a população, visto que os parâmetros obtidos estão de acordo com a Portaria Nº 2.914, de 2011.
Strategic plan to achieve the SDGs in South Brazil: evidence from the Regional Development Council articulated with the 2030 Agenda
Authors: Dal Moro Leila , Soares João Filipe Torres , Casagranda Yasmin , Guadagnin Alana , Mores Giana de Vargas
Published: August 2022

The Regional Development Councils (Coredes), created in 1994, have become spaces for discussion of public policies, promotion of governance, and citizen participation in the multiple areas in which the public power operates. In this task, the Councils assume the work of elaborating the strategic plans of regional development. The 28 Coredes of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, promote this work responsibility and periodically carry out its evaluation and eventual correction every 10 years, financed by the state government. The last review process, which ended in July 2017, was a process carefully handled by a team of technicians from a university. Universities contribute as articulators to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. This study aims to analyze the methodologies used in this participatory process, the strategies defined, and the proposed projects linked to the 2030 Agenda by the United Nations. From the diagnosis, it was possible to identify the potentialities and challenges for Strategic Development Planning in the region. The following are themes of the Sustainable Development Goals: health, education, infrastructure, and production, among others.
Repercussões da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde das mulheres mães de crianças autistas
Authors: Souza Jeane Barros , Potrich Tassiana , Pitilin Érica Brito , Rossetto Maíra , Durand Michelle Kuntz , Oliveira Friestino Jane Kelly
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: compreender as repercussões da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde das mulheres que são mães de crianças autistas. Método: estudo qualitativo, tipo ação participante, fundamentado nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos de Paulo Freire. Realizou-se um Círculo de Cultura virtual em janeiro de 2021. Participaram 12 mulheres mães de crianças autistas, membros de uma associação na região Sul do Brasil. A análise dos dados ocorreu com a participação de todos os envolvidos no Círculo de Cultura, conforme Itinerário Freireano. Resultados: as mulheres refletiram sobre a sua saúde física e mental; seu papel social enquanto mãe e esposa; e a conciliação das atividades domésticas com a educação formal do filho. Também emergiram os sentimentos: cansaço, desânimo, depressão e medo de contrair COVID-19. Conclusão: a pandemia repercutiu na sobrecarga de mulheres mães de crianças autistas com diminuição do tempo para autocuidado e a necessidade de reprogramação dos seus ambientes de trabalho e rotina doméstica.
A experiência de vida dos trabalhadores da saúde mental durante a pandemia do coronavírus
Authors: Santos Lucas Rafael dos , Barbosa Guilherme Correa , Silva Júlia Carolina de Mattos Cerioni , Oliveira Marcia Aparecida Ferreira de
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: conhecer a experiência de vida dos trabalhadores de saúde mental durante o primeiro ano da pandemia do coronavírus. Método: estudo exploratório, descritivo, qualitativo com uso de narrativas, realizado em quatro serviços de saúde mental de um município do interior de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulário on-line e a análise se deu pela hermenêutica dialética. Resultados: participaram 108 trabalhadores da saúde, predominou-se o sexo feminino, brancos, idade entre 38 e 47 anos, relação estável ou casamento e ensino superior. A partir das narrativas emergiram duas categorias temáticas: Adaptações às novas rotinas pessoais e Adaptações à nova rotina no trabalho. Conclusão: os trabalhadores da saúde mental experienciaram impactos que geram múltiplos anseios. Estratégias organizacionais que propiciem momentos de escuta e ofereça segurança e condições de trabalho adequadas são favoráveis ao momento enfrentado e necessitam ser discutidas nos serviços em questão.
Aspectos da ambiência que influenciam o processo de trabalho na unidade materno-infantil
Authors: Pires do Amaral Kelly , Portella Ribeiro Juliane , Hartmann Melissa , Rutz Porto Adrize , Alves Bonow Clarice
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: conhecer aspectos da ambiência que influenciam no processo de trabalho na unidade materno-infantil. Método: pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório e descritivo; realizada em uma unidade materno-infantil. Participaram 21 profissionais de enfermagem. A coleta de dados ocorreu por entrevista semiestruturada gravada; posteriormente submetidos à análise temática. Resultados: como aspectos que contribuem no desenvolvimento do processo de trabalho elencaram-se a boa relação entre a equipe de enfermagem; disponibilidade de recurso pessoal e material; a identidade do hospital. Como dificultadores foi apontada a falta de especificidade e espaço da unidade; sua localização; dificuldade na comunicação e a assimetria entre os cuidados prestados pela equipe de enfermagem e médica. Conclusão: a ambiência da unidade materno-infantil deve contemplar a confortabilidade das mulheres internadas; possibilitar a produção de subjetividade dos profissionais de enfermagem, por meio do trabalho em equipe multiprofissional; bem como favorecer a utilização do próprio espaço como ferramenta facilitadora da produção de saúde.
2021 cybersecurity and privacy annual report
Authors: O'Reilly Patrick , Rigopoulos Kristina , Feldman Larry , Witte Greg
Published: August 2022

During Fiscal Year 2021 (FY 2021) from October 1, 2020, through September 30, 2021 the NIST Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) Cybersecurity and Privacy Program successfully responded to numerous challenges and opportunities in security and privacy. This annual report highlights the FY 2021 research agenda and activities for the ITL Cybersecurity and Privacy Program, including the ongoing participation and development of international standards; the enhancement of privacy and security risk management models, including those for the protection of controlled unclassified information (CUI), systems engineering and cyber resiliency, supply chains, and mobile technologies; the continued advancement of cryptographic technologies, including updates to Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140-3, Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules, and preparation for post-quantum cryptographic methods; and improved infrastructure protection in areas such as zero trust architectures and advanced networking security. NIST maintained a strong focus on supporting small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs), including updates to the Small Business Cybersecurity Corner website to make resources easier to find and use and drawing on contributed cybersecurity resources and feedback received from federal partners and the public.
Mucinous carcinoma of the breast: distinctive histopathologic and genetic characteristics
Authors: Jung Minjung
Published: August 2022

Mucinous carcinoma is a rare histologic type of breast cancer that, when classified with favorable histology, can be treated with different therapeutic options. This study reviews the histologic findings of mucinous carcinoma that support or exclude favorable histology and emphasizes the necessity of an appropriate gross examination with radiologic findings for an accurate diagnosis. In addition, unusual findings such as micropapillary arrangements and lobular differentiation in mucinous carcinoma and their implications for prognosis and treatment are reviewed. Mucinous carcinoma involves upregulation of MUC2, a mucus-associated gene common in mucinous carcinoma of the breast as well as various other organs. In mucinous carcinoma, the fraction of genome altered and tumor mutation burden are lower than those of invasive carcinoma of no special type, the most common histology of breast cancer. In addition, the genetic alterations found in mucinous carcinoma are diverse, unlike the pathognomonic genetic alterations observed in other histologic types of breast cancer. These genetic features support the importance of conventional microscopic evaluations for the pathologic differential diagnosis of mucinous carcinoma of the breast in routine practice. A variety of breast lesions, including mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and mucocele-like lesions, as well as mucinous carcinoma from other organs, can mimic mucinous carcinoma of the breast. In order to obtain an accurate pathologic diagnosis, careful evaluation of the overall histopathologic characteristics and ancillary testing are required to provide information on appropriate treatment and prognosis.
Child development at age 5 years: The effects of maternal education, socioeconomic status and early-life growth examined prospectively in a lowresource setting
Authors: Slemming W , Norris S A , Kagura K , Saloojee H , Richter L
Published: August 2022

Background. Deeper insight into relationships between social factors and early childhood growth and development is required, particularly in low-resource settings.

Objectives. To determine (i) associations between early linear growth and child development at 5 years; and (ii) whether early childhood growth mediates relationships between maternal education, household socioeconomic status (SES) and subsequent child development.

Methods. This study used data from the Birth to Twenty Plus study, a longitudinal South African birth cohort study. The study sample comprised 636 participants with complete data at all relevant time points for the analysis. Household SES and maternal education were measured during pregnancy and the first two years of life, and growth between birth and 4 years of age. Child development was assessed using the Revised Denver Pre-screening Developmental Questionnaire (R-DPDQ). Multivariable regression analyses were used to investigate the association between SES, maternal education, growth and child development, and structural equation modelling was used to analyse the mediation of growth.

Results. In both sexes, higher birthweight and household SES were associated with higher R-DPDQ scores. Increased relative linear growth, particularly between 0 and 2 years, was associated with higher R-DPDQ scores among boys (β=0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27 - 1.37) at age 5. Growth status but not SES mediated the association between maternal education and R-DPDQ scores.

Conclusion. Child development at 5 years was independently associated with SES and birthweight. The negative effects of lower maternal education on child development was attenuated by better growth.
Primary hyperoxaluria: The Baragwanath experience
Authors: Chang C-L , Petersen K L , Cilliers A M , Kalla U K
Published: August 2022

Background. Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterised by defects in the metabolism of glyoxylate which leads to excess oxalate production. It is an important disease to diagnose as it can progress to kidney failure (KF).

Objective. To describe the characteristics, diagnosis and management of PH in South Africa and to identify any determinants of KF and death.

Method. A retrospective study of all children younger than 16 years of age, diagnosed with PH at the Paediatric Renal Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, from 1984 - 2017.

Results. A total of 24 patients were identified, of which 20 records were available for complete analysis. The median age of presentation was 6.0 years. The common clinical presentations were urolithiasis (90%), KF (85%), nephrocalcinosis (75%), urinary tract infections (55%) and haematuria (30%). Nephrocalcinosis was better detected on abdominal radiograph compared with ultrasonography. Both nephrocalcinosis (p=0.009) and haematuria (p=0.018) were significantly associated with KF. Five patients had A112D genetic mutation in the AGXT. Fourteen received dialysis and four were transplanted. The mortality rate in this study was 58.3%.

Conclusion. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for PH in patients presenting with haematuria, urolithiasis and KF. This study supports the measurement of urine oxalate levels and abdominal radiographs in screening for PH in children presenting in KF.
An improved organ explant culture method reveals stem cell lineage dynamics in the adult Drosophila intestine
Authors: Marchetti Marco , Zhang Chenge , Edgar Bruce A
Published: August 2022

In recent years, live-imaging techniques have been developed for the adult midgut of Drosophila melanogaster that allow temporal characterization of key processes involved in stem cell and tissue homeostasis. However, these organ culture techniques have been limited to imaging sessions of <16 hours, an interval too short to track dynamic processes such as damage responses and regeneration, which can unfold over several days. Therefore, we developed an organ explant culture protocol capable of sustaining midguts ex vivo for up to 3 days. This was made possible by the formulation of a culture medium specifically designed for adult Drosophila tissues with an increased Na+/K+ ratio and trehalose concentration, and by placing midguts at an air-liquid interface for enhanced oxygenation. We show that midgut progenitor cells can respond to gut epithelial damage ex vivo, proliferating and differentiating to replace lost cells, but are quiescent in healthy intestines. Using ex vivo gene induction to promote stem cell proliferation using RasG12V or string and Cyclin E overexpression, we demonstrate that progenitor cell lineages can be traced through multiple cell divisions using live imaging. We show that the same culture set-up is useful for imaging adult renal tubules and ovaries for up to 3 days and hearts for up to 10 days. By enabling both long-term imaging and real-time ex vivo gene manipulation, our simple culture protocol provides a powerful tool for studies of epithelial biology and cell lineage behavior.
Decomposing the role of alpha oscillations during brain maturation
Authors: Tröndle Marius , Popov Tzvetan , Dziemian Sabine , Langer Nicolas
Published: August 2022

Childhood and adolescence are critical stages of the human lifespan, in which fundamental neural reorganizational processes take place. A substantial body of literature investigated accompanying neurophysiological changes, focusing on the most dominant feature of the human EEG signal: the alpha oscillation. Recent developments in EEG signal-processing show that conventional measures of alpha power are confounded by various factors and need to be decomposed into periodic and aperiodic components, which represent distinct underlying brain mechanisms. It is therefore unclear how each part of the signal changes during brain maturation. Using multivariate Bayesian generalized linear models, we examined aperiodic and periodic parameters of alpha activity in the largest openly available pediatric dataset (N=2529, age 5-22 years) and replicated these findings in a preregistered analysis of an independent validation sample (N=369, age 6-22 years). First, the welldocumented age-related decrease in total alpha power was replicated. However, when controlling for the aperiodic signal component, our findings provided strong evidence for an age-related increase in the aperiodic-adjusted alpha power. As reported in previous studies, also relative alpha power revealed a maturational increase, yet indicating an underestimation of the underlying relationship between periodic alpha power and brain maturation. The aperiodic intercept and slope decreased with increasing age and were highly correlated with total alpha power. Consequently, earlier interpretations on age-related changes of total alpha power need to be reconsidered, as elimination of active synapses rather links to decreases in the aperiodic intercept. Instead, analyses of diffusion tensor imaging data indicate that the maturational increase in aperiodic-adjusted alpha power is related to increased thalamocortical connectivity. Functionally, our results suggest that increased thalamic control of cortical alpha power is linked to improved attentional performance during brain maturation.
Proton-transporting heliorhodopsins from marine giant viruses
Authors: Hososhima Shoko , Mizutori Ritsu , Abe-Yoshizumi Rei , Rozenberg Andrey , Shigemura Shunta , Pushkarev Alina , Konno Masae , Katayama Kota , Inoue Keiichi , Tsunoda Satoshi P , Béjà Oded , Kandori Hideki
Published: August 2022

Rhodopsins convert light into signals and energy in animals and microbes. Heliorhodopsins (HeRs), a recently discovered new rhodopsin family, are widely present in archaea, bacteria, unicellular eukaryotes, and giant viruses, but their function remains unknown. Here, we report that a viral HeR from Emiliania huxleyi virus 202 (V2HeR3) is a light-activated proton transporter. V2HeR3 absorbs blue-green light, and the active intermediate contains the deprotonated retinal Schiff base. Site-directed mutagenesis study revealed that E191 in TM6 constitutes the gate together with the retinal Schiff base. E205 and E215 form a PAG of the Schiff base, and mutations at these positions converted the protein into an outward proton pump. Three environmental viral HeRs from the same group as well as a more distantly related HeR exhibited similar proton-transport activity, indicating that HeR functions might be diverse similarly to type-1 microbial rhodopsins. Some strains of E. huxleyi contain one HeR that is related to the viral HeRs, while its viruses EhV-201 and EhV-202 contain two and three HeRs, respectively. Except for V2HeR3 from EhV-202, none of these proteins exhibit ion transport activity. Thus, when expressed in the E. huxleyi cell membranes, only V2HeR3 has the potential to depolarize the host cells by light, possibly to overcome the host defense mechanisms or to prevent superinfection. The neuronal activity generated by V2HeR3 suggests that it can potentially be used as an optogenetic tool, similarly to type-1 microbial rhodopsins.
In situ single particle classification reveals distinct 60S maturation intermediates in cells
Authors: Lucas Bronwyn A , Zhang Kexin , Loerch Sarah , Grigorieff Nikolaus
Published: August 2022

Previously, we showed that high-resolution template matching can localize ribosomes in two-dimensional electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) images of untilted Mycoplasma pneumoniae cells with high precision (Lucas et al., 2021). Here, we show that comparing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) observed with 2DTM using different templates relative to the same cellular target can correct for local variation in noise and differentiate related complexes in focused ion beam (FIB)-milled cell sections. We use a maximum likelihood approach to define the probability of each particle belonging to each class, thereby establishing a statistic to describe the confidence of our classification. We apply this method in two contexts to locate and classify related intermediate states of 60S ribosome biogenesis in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell nucleus. In the first, we separate the nuclear pre-60S population from the cytoplasmic mature 60S population, using the subcellular localization to validate assignment. In the second, we show that relative 2DTM SNRs can be used to separate mixed populations of nuclear pre-60S that are not visually separable. 2DTM can distinguish related molecular populations without the need to generate 3D reconstructions from the data to be classified, permitting classification even when only a few target particles exist in a cell.
Physico-chemical Characteristics of Different Banana Genotypes in Nagaland
Authors: Mathukmi Khamrang , Sarkar A. , Suresh C. P.
Published: August 2022

The current study aims to evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics of selected banana genotypes of Nagaland. Ten banana genotypes were collected from farmer’s field and the fruits were analyzed for TSS, acidity, total sugar, reducing sugar, TSS/Acid ratio, crude protein and total carotenoids. All the analysis was done in randomized block design with three replication. In order to obtain suitable interpretation the generated data was subjected to statistical analysis such as One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 0.05%. The experimental result revealed wide variation in the physico-chemical attributes of the selected genotypes. The maximum total soluble solids, acidity, total sugar and reducing sugar were found in Bhootmanohar, Chinichampa, Grand Naine and Meiteihei banana respectively. Highest TSS/Acid ratio, crude protein and total carotene were obtained in Bhootmanohar, Grand Naine and Bharatmani respectively. The cluster analysis of the mean of different physico-chemical characteristics revealed two major clusters and one out group.
Activity Level of 238U, 232Th, 40K and Resultant Dose Rates in Soil and Some Commonly Cultivated Vegetables
Authors: Alsaedi Suad A. , Alfarraji Haider M. , Dwenee Sadeq J. , Razaq Ibrahim B.
Published: August 2022

This present study aims to determine the level of natural radionuclides of 40K, 238U and 232Th in soil samples and (Potato, Solanum tuberosum and Carrot, Daucus carota) samples and vegetables (Tomato, Solanum hycopersicum and Eggplant Solanum melongena) in Al- Mada'in district 30 km south east of Baghdad, Iraq. High purity germanium (HPGe) detector was used for measurement. The transfer factors, annual absorbed dose rate and the annual effective dose in the samples collected were determined. The results showed that the mean level of measured natural radionuclides were 362.6 ± 41.6 Bqkg-1, 184.7 ± 17.4 Bqkg-1, 191.9 ± 13.5 Bqkg-1, 120.3 ± 10.6 Bqkg-1 and 126.1 ± 11.7 Bqkg-1 for 40K; 19.67 ± 2.00 Bqkg-1, 4.70 ± 0.609 Bqkg-1, 5.43 ± 0.977 Bqkg-1, 3.30 ± 0.460 Bqkg-1 and 2.40 ± 0.701 Bqkg-1 for 238U and 12.34 ± 4.12 Bqkg-1, 3.77 ± 0.904 Bqkg-1, 4.54 ± 0.709 Bqkg-1, 3.51 ± 0.721 and 3.81 ± 0.796 Bqkg-1 for 232Th to soil, tomato, eggplant, potato and carrot samples respectively. The soil-to-tomato transfer factors were found to be 0.512, 0.242 and 0.344 for 40K, 238U and 232Th and soil-to-eggplant transfer factors were found to be 0.534, 0.279 and 0.408 for 40K, 238U and 232Th respectively. The soil-to-potato transfer factors were found to be 0.336, 0.170 and 0.320 for 40K, 238U and 232Th while the soil-to-carrot transfer factors were found to be 0.348, 0.122 and 0.309 for 40K, 238U and 232Th respectively. The mean absorbed dose rate was 30.0 ± 0.57 nGyh-1 and the mean annual outdoor effective dose was 55.2 mSvy-1. This present study's annual effective dose report was 91.6% of the world average value of 70.0 msvy-1 and 87.3% of Thi-Qar government, south Iraq state value of 39.9 msvy-1.
Kit-gay
Authors: Euzébio Felipe Aurélio , Souza Newan Acacio Oliveira de , Rodrigues Vagner Barreto , Alfonso Louise Prado
Published: August 2022

O evento ‘P.O.C. Projeto Outras Cores: três dias para falarmos de diversidade e educação’ foi realizado pelo Centro Acadêmico Florestan Fernandes, no curso de Ciências Sociais da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (CAFF-UFPel), e pelo Projeto de Extensão ‘Mapeando a noite: o universo travesti’, vinculado ao projeto de pesquisa ‘Margens: grupos em processos de exclusão e suas formas de habitar Pelotas’ do Grupo de Estudos Etnográficos Urbanos do Departamento de Antropologia e Arqueologia (GEEUR-UFPEL), nos dias 14, 15 e 17 de maio de 2019, na UFPel. A oficina ‘Kit-gay: construindo saberes para discussão de gênero e sexualidade em contextos educacionais’, um segmento do evento, aconteceu em meio a um contexto político conturbado, em que a ‘ideologia de gênero’ é acionada para mobilizar ações políticas autoritárias. Neste sentido, este texto busca refletir sobre o diálogo entre os campos da Antropologia e da Educação a partir de uma breve contextualização sobre esse tal de kit-gay, utilizando metodologias que abordam o gênero, a educação, a performance, a ideologia e as narrativas.
Reflexões perante a performance 'Macaquinhos'
Authors: Silva Tiago Herculano da
Published: August 2022

Após o estudo dissertativo no curso de Artes Cênicas da Pós-graduação da UFRN, defendido em 2019, constatamos o desaparecimento de diversas referências utilizadas na pesquisa; é como se na atual conjuntura política alguns sites e plataformas preferissem retirar de circulação reportagens e materiais sobre a obra Macaquinhos. Caso semelhante ocorre com alguns vídeos de políticos – utilizados em suas campanhas eleitorais – que saíram de circulação de plataformas como YouTube. Este fato propiciou a possibilidade de atualizar as referências, os diálogos e republicar este material com o objetivo de buscar um olhar diferenciado perante a obra e o corpo nu em cena. Nesse processo de atualização, levantamos questionamentos que envolvem o nu artístico, seus entraves e a perseguição sofrida por artistas de obras com nudez, com foco em Macaquinhos. Juntamente, dialogamos com artistas que estão criando saberes na perspectiva do ânus enquanto local de conhecimento e espaço contra a normatividade do sistema.
The ghost of Anna O
Authors: Manning Seán
Published: August 2022

The origin of the Freudian notion of 'the unconscious' is examined through the history of 'Anna O' (Bertha Pappenheim) and the early mistakes of Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud are highlighted. The theory of the unconscious, based on the idea of repression and conversion, is rejected as a mistake, caused by diagnostic error and the myth of 'hysteria'. With reference to the developmental theory of Daniel Stern and the brain research of Joseph LeDoux, an alternative view of the unconscious is approached.
Attachment with children with special needs
Authors: Robb Betty
Published: August 2022

The paper, initiated by personal experience, looks at the fear of attachment to children with conditions which put them at risk, the experiencing of grief at the loss of the 'fantasy baby' and the acceptance by the parents which enables the attachment to proceed.
Reference is made to attachment issues in the case of adoption, styles of attachment, and some notions of reconstruction in therapy with 'special needs' survivors where attachment has been insecure or the process attenuated by length of risk.
Play, the therapist and associative thought
Authors: Caradoc-Davies Gill
Published: August 2022

If we do not totally cast out the concept of left brain/ right brain with the bath-water of New Ageism, we can examine what may be useful in the concept that different parts of the brain are used for different ways of thinking. I want to show that the right brain processes are essential for associative thought, which in turn is essential for play, and play, of course is the way we are able to transform ourselves.
Geographic Variation in Appointment Wait Times for US Military Veterans
Authors: Feyman Yevgeniy , Asfaw Daniel A. , Griffith Kevin N.
Published: August 2022

Importance

Timely access to medical care is an important determinant of health and well-being. The US Congress passed the Veterans Access, Choice, and Accountability Act in 2014 and the VA MISSION (Maintaining Systems and Strengthening Integrated Outside Networks) Act in 2018, both of which allow veterans to access care from community-based clinicians, but geographic variation in appointment wait times after the passage of these acts have not been studied.

Objective

To describe geographic variation in wait times experienced by veterans for primary care, mental health, and other specialties.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This is a cross-sectional study using data from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Corporate Data Warehouse. Participants include veterans who sought medical care from January 1, 2018, to June 30, 2021. Data analysis was performed from February to June 2022.

Exposures

Referral to either VHA or community-based clinicians.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Total appointment wait times (in days) for 3 care categories: primary care, mental health, and all other specialties. VHA medical centers are organized into regions called Veterans Integrated Services Networks (VISNs); wait times were aggregated to the VISN level.

Results

The final sample included 22 632 918 million appointments for 4 846 892 unique veterans (77.3% male; mean [SD] age, 61.6 [15.5] years). Among non-VHA appointments, mean (SD) VISN-level appointment wait times were 38.9 (8.2) days for primary care, 43.9 (9.0) days for mental health, and 41.9 (5.9) days for all other specialties. Among VHA appointments, mean (SD) VISN-level appointment wait times were 29.0 (5.5) days for primary care, 33.6 (4.6) days for mental health, and 35.4 (2.7) days for all other specialties. There was substantial geographic variation in appointment wait times. Among non-VHA appointments, VISN-level appointment wait times ranged from 25.4 to 52.4 days for primary care, from 29.3 to 65.7 days for mental health, and from 34.7 to 54.8 days for all other specialties. Among VHA appointments, wait times ranged from 22.4 to 43.4 days for primary care, from 24.7 to 42.0 days for mental health, and from 30.3 to 41.9 days for all other specialties. There was a correlation between wait times across care categories and setting (VHA vs community care).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study found substantial variation in wait times across care type and geography, and VHA wait times in a majority of VISNs were lower than those for community-based clinicians, even after controlling for differences in specialty mix. These findings suggest that liberalized access to community care under the Veterans Access, Choice, and Accountability Act and the VA MISSION Act may not result in lower wait times within these regions.
Race and Ethnicity–Conscious Clinical Research Best Practices
Authors: Barrett-Campbell Odeth , DeGroote Maya , Lansigan Frederick
Published: August 2022

This Viewpoint describes the concept of race-conscious medicine in oncology.
Cotton flower metabolites inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease
Authors: Zhang Yufang , Li Wenkang , Hu Yiming , Ding Tianze , Zafar Muhammad Mubashar , Jia Xue , Zhang Liya , Ren Maozhi , Li Fuguang , Wang Wenjing
Published: August 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has been spreading globally for over 2 years, causing serious contagious disease and incalculable damage. The introduction of vaccines has slowed the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 to some extent, but there remains a need for specific and effective treatment. The high chemical diversity and safety profiles of natural products make them a potential source of effective anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 drugs. Cotton plant is one of the most important economic and medical crops and is the source of a large number of antiviral phytochemicals. In this work, we used SARS‐CoV‐2 main protein (Mpro) as the target to identify potential anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 natural products in cotton. An in vitro assay showed that of all cotton tissues examined, cotton flower extracts (CFs) exhibited optimal inhibitory effects against Mpro. We proceeded to use the CF metabolite database to screen natural Mpro inhibitors by combining virtual screening and biochemical assays. We identified that several CF natural products, including astragalin, myricitrin, and astilbin, significantly inhibited Mpro with half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 0.13, 10.73, and 7.92 μm, respectively. These findings may serve as a basis for further studies into the suitability of cotton as a source of potential therapeutics for SARS‐CoV‐2.
Dosimetric analysis of MR‐LINAC treatment plans for salvage spine SBRT re‐irradiation
Authors: Han Eun Young , Yeboa Debra N. , Briere Tina M. , Yang Jinzhong , Wang He
Published: August 2022

Purpose

We investigated the feasibility of thoracic spine stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) using the Elekta Unity magnetic resonance‐guided linear accelerator (MRL) in patients who received prior radiotherapy. We hypothesized that Monaco treatment plans can improve the gross tumor volume minimum dose (GTVmin) with spinal cord preservation and maintain consistent plan quality during daily adaptation.

Methods

Pinnacle clinical plans for 10 patients who underwent thoracic spine SBRT (after prior radiotherapy) were regenerated in the Monaco treatment planning system for the Elekta Unity MRL using 9 and 13 intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) beams. Monaco adapt‐to‐position (ATP) and adapt‐to‐shape (ATS) workflow plans were generated using magnetic resonance imaging with a simulated daily positional setup deviation, and these adaptive plans were compared with Monaco reference plans. Plan quality measures included target coverage, Paddick conformity index, gradient index, homogeneity index, spinal cord D0.01cc, esophagus D0.01cc, lung V10, and skin D0.01cc.

Results

GTVmin values from the Monaco 9‐beam and 13‐beam plans were significantly higher than those from Pinnacle plans (p < 0.01) with similar spinal cord dose. Spinal cord D0.01cc, esophagus D0.01cc, and lung V10 did not statistically differ among the three plans. The electron‐return effect did not induce remarkable dose effects around the lungs or skin. While in the ATP workflow, a large increase in GTVmin was observed at the cost of a 10%–50% increase in spinal cord D0.01cc, in the ATS workflow, the spinal cord dose increase was maintained within 3% of the reference plan.

Conclusion

These findings show that MRL plans for thoracic spine SBRT are safe and feasible, allowing tumor dose escalation with spinal cord preservation and consistent daily plan adaptation using the ATS workflow. Careful plan review of hot spots and lung dose is necessary for safe MRL‐based treatment.
Anisotropic Bone Surface Topography Mimicked Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Membranes
Authors: Puza Fatih , Rostami Sabra , Özçolak‐Aslan Birgün , Odabaş Sedat , Jandt Klaus D. , Garipcan Bora
Published: August 2022

Synergy between biomaterial surfaces and cells is known to be important due to the direct and inevitable interactions that mediate cell behavior. Thus, the design of biomimetic surfaces with proper topography and chemistry is crucial for optimization of cellular responses. Herein, we report surface topography mimicking ability of chitosan (CH) biopolymer and its promising application as a platform for osteoblast cell culture. CH is frequently used in bone tissue engineering applications. For this reason, anisotropic bone surface was chosen to demonstrate its surface mimicking skill. Initially, bone surface topography is replicated by using soft lithography and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds. Subsequently, solvent casting by CH is performed on the replicated molds, and then polymer membranes with bone surface topography are obtained. To prepare nanocomposite, graphene oxide (GO) is blended into CH membranes to enhance biocompatibility. It is observed that CH and CH/GO nanocomposite membranes are both eligible to mimic anisotropic bone surface. Considering the surface of bone tissue, hydroxyapatite (HA) modification is also conducted using ultraviolet/ozone method. Following that, human osteoblasts are chosen to evaluate the cell responses on mimicked surfaces. The results indicate that surface mimicking has a positive impact on osteoblast viability and morphology.
Direct Writing of 3D Micro/Nanostructures Based on Nanoscale Strong Electric Field of Electron Beam
Authors: Yang Guanghong , Huang Xiaowei , Jia Caihong
Published: August 2022

3D micro/nanostructures have a wide range of applications in metamaterials, integrated circuits and optoelectronic coupling devices, etc. However, 3D nanofabrication has always been a difficult problem in materials science and nanoengineering fields due to the influence of surface tension or capillary action at nanoscale. Here, using nanoscale strong electric field (NSEF) of the electron beam as a driving force, the diffusion flux, migration direction, and aggregation process of material atoms or nanoclusters can be accurately controlled to realize the direct writing of 3D micro/nanostructures. By this method, several ZnO nanocharacters and a vertical ZnO nanowire with a diameter of 18 nm are direct written successfully, and a spatial contact with a characteristic size of 8 nm is created. The direct writing process of a bud‐like nanostructure is also demonstrated on a NiCo2O4 nanorod. Finally, the electron beam direct writing mechanism is analyzed based on the electric field forces and electric potential. This 3D nanofabrication method shows the advantages of flexibility, controllability, and high real‐time ability, which are of great significance to solve the problems of direct writing of 3D nanostructures, material molding control at nanoscale, and electrical interconnection in integrated circuits.
Oriented Thiophene‐Extended Benzotrithiophene Covalent Organic Framework Thin Films: Directional Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Frey Laura , Pöhls Jonas Fredrik , Hennemann Matthias , Mähringer Andre , Reuter Stephan , Clark Timothy , Weitz Ralf Thomas , Medina Dana Dina
Published: August 2022

The synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) based on a novel thiophene‐extended benzotrithiophene (BTT) building block is described, which in combination with triazine‐based amines (1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl)trianiline (TTA) or (1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl)tris(([1,1´‐biphenyl]‐4‐amine)) (TTTBA)) affords crystalline, and porous imine‐linked COFs, BTT TTA and BTT TTTBA, with surface areas as high as 932 and 1200 m2 g−1, respectively. Oriented thin films are grown successfully on different substrates, as indicated by grazing incidence diffraction (GID). Room‐temperature in‐plane electrical conductivity of up to 10−4 S m−1 is measured for both COFs. Temperature‐dependent electrical conductivity measurements indicate activation energies of ≈123.3 meV for BTT TTA and ≈137.5 meV for BTT TTTBA and trap‐dominated charge transport via a hopping mechanism for both COFs. Moreover, conductive atomic force microscopy reveals directional and defect‐dominated charge transport in the oriented BTT COF films with a strong preference for the in‐plane direction within the molecular 2D‐planes. Quantum mechanical calculations predict BTT TTTBA to conduct holes and electrons effectively in both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane directions. In‐plane, charge carrier transport is of hopping character where the triazine cores represent the barrier. Out‐of‐plane, a continuous charge‐carrier pathway is calculated that is hampered by an imposed structural defect simulated by a rotated molecular COF layer.
Oscillating Gadolinium Thermal Diode Using Temperature‐Dependent Magnetic Forces
Authors: Zhu Qing , Zdrojewski Kaitlyn , Castelli Lorenzo , Wehmeyer Geoff
Published: August 2022

High‐performance thermal diodes would enable improved waste heat scavenging and thermal management systems. Prior study has indicated that the temperature (T)‐dependent magnetic response of ferromagnets near the Curie temperature provides a potential mechanism for thermal rectification via thermally induced mechanical oscillations between hot and cold surfaces, but the rectification was not investigated in a macroscopic device. Here, a centimeter‐scale oscillating gadolinium thermal diode (OGTD) is constructed with steady‐state thermal rectification ratios (γ) as large as γ = 23 in air and γ = 16 in vacuum. In the forward mode when the top surface is warmer than 26 °C and the bottom surface is colder than 20 °C, an unstable balance between gravitational forces and T‐dependent magnetic forces causes a shuttle containing gadolinium to oscillate and transfer thermal energy. In the reverse mode, the shuttle does not oscillate and energy is transferred via parasitic conduction. The diode is durable over >103 oscillation cycles and can be used in thermal circuits for rapid thermal regulation in time‐varying environments or half‐wave thermal rectification with up to 50% of the ideal‐diode performance. The experiments show that the OGTD can achieve large γ in a convenient geometry and T range for thermal control applications.