bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LINGKUNGAN BERBAHASA ARAB SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR BAHASA ARAB UNTUK PELAJAR PEMULA
Authors: Ajyad Muhammad , Yusuf Kamal
Published: October 2022

Urgensi terhadap penggunaan bahasa Arab bagi peradaban masa kini, menyebabkan masyarakat non Arab beranggapan bahwa mempelajari bahasa Arab menjadi suatu kewajiban yang tidak bisa dihindarkan khususnya untuk kaum muslim. Mengesampingkan fungsi lingkungan yang menerapkan penggunaaan bahasa Arab sebagai kebanggaan dan aset suatu badan institusi pendidikan terkait, namun juga berfungsi sebagai motivasi dan sumber belajar peserta didik. Peneliti menyusun artikel ini dengan tujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa lingkungan bahasa yang terbentuk secara baik dapat dijadikan sebagai strategi dan penentu dalam keterampilan belajar bahasa Arab. Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif disusun dengan menggunakan studi pustaka, dimana observasi melalui media online dengan menjadikan sumber literasi berupa buku dan jurnal sangat diperlukan guna memperoleh informasi-informasi valid dan relevan terkait permasalahan utama yang akan dijabarkan. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa mengembangkan bahan ajar bahasa Arab bagi peserta didik berlandaskan pada lingkungan dapat memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan pelajar dalam menulis, membava, berbicara, maupun menyimak bahasa Arab, walaupun pada faktanya setiap manusia dianugerahi oleh perangkat akusisi natural LAD (Language Acquisition Device) yang memudahkan manusia untuk berbahasa, kemahiran tersebut juga ditentukan oleh kondisi lingkungan sekitar setiap pelajar.
Analisis Perubahan Gaya Hidup Remaja Era Pandemi Covid-19 Dalam Prespektif Sosiologi Budaya (Stusi Kasus di Desa Tluwe Kabupaten Tuban)
Authors: Laelatul Kasanah Dwi Maulita
Published: October 2022

Penetilian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana perubahan pola gaya hidup remaja Desa Tluwe Kabupaten Tuban selama Pandemi Covid – 19 dalam prespektif sosiologi budaya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lokasi yang terletak di Desa Tluwe Kabupaten Tuban. peneliti memakai metode kualitatif untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang terjadi. Teknik mengumpulkan data yang dipakai oleh peneliti yaitu dari hasil wawancara mendalam, dan observasi di lapangan, serta dokumentasi berupa teks. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada 2021. Subjek penelitian ditentukan dengan cara sampling. Teknik analasisi data menggunakan berbagai tahap yaitu, mlkukan redksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan. kemudian data dianalisis dengan prespektif kebudayaan menurut Clifford Geertz. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu, remaja banyak mengalami perubahan karena pandemi. Perubahan yang terjadi diawali dengan adanya kebijakan dari pemerintah yang menghasruskan seruluh masyarakatnya untuk menerapkan dan patuh terhadap protokol kesehatan. Dari kebijakan ini menimbulkan kebiasaan pada diri remaja di Desa Tluwe, sehingga menimbulkan perubahan pada perilaku para remaja. Perilaku yang dilakukan oleh para rmaja ini merupakan salah satu wujud dari kebudayaan. Bahwa setiap perilaku yang dilakukan oleh masing-masing remaja mengandung makna yang beragam. Seorang remaja harus mampu mehamai makna terhadap symbol-simbol yang ada. Hal ini selaras dengan pemaknaan kebudayaan menurut tokoh Geertz bahwa segala sesuatu yang dilakukan manusia itu berkaitan dengan symbol.
ALIH KODE DAN CAMPUR KODE DALAM PERCAKAPAN WHATSAPP GRUP STAF LABORATORIUM FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN ILMU KEGURUAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI PROF. K. H. SAIFUDDIN ZUHRI PURWOKERTO
Authors: Fransisca Malia , Syaifullah
Published: October 2022

Alih Kode dan Campur Kode sering sekali terjadi dalam percakapan dua bahasa atau lebih. Hal ini memicu peneliti untuk meneliti percakapan yang terdapat di WhatsApp Grup. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Alih Kode dan Campur Kode yang terjadi antara Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa Jawa dan Bahasa Ngapak Banyumasan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Penulis mengurai percakapan dalam WAG berdasarkan unsur-unsur terkecilnya. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah adanya alih kode dan campur kode intern dan ekstern dalam percakapan tersebut. Artinya alih kode dan campur kode yang terjadi itu antara Bahasa Indonesia ke Bahasa Jawa, Bahasa Jawa biasa ke Bahasa Ngapak, Bahasa Indonesia ke Bahasa Ngapak, Bahasa Jawa biasa ke bahasa ngapak atau Bahasa Indonesia ke Bahasa Inggris.
An Investigation into Spatial Ability in Geometry among Secondary School Students
Authors: Noor Muhammad  , Dr. Sajid Rehman  , Dr. Muhammad Naeemullah
Published: October 2022

Spatial ability is reflected to be one of the major abilities that appear especially essential in learning and doing mathematics. The present study is aimed at observing the spatial ability in geometry among secondary school students and teachers teaching mathematics. Objective of the study was to compare the spatial ability of the students of urban and rural secondary schools. To achieve the above objective, following null hypothesis was tested; there is no significant difference between urban and rural secondary schools’ students on spatial abilities. A total of 400 students studying in 9th class from sixteen schools were randomly selected as the sample of the study. The study was conducted with the help of an empirical research design. Different Spatial Ability Tests were developed to measure spatial ability. For the purpose of data collection, observation sheets and test items were developed to investigate the performance of the students. Different statistical techniques like Mean, Standard Deviation, and t-test were applied to analyze the collected data. The study is equally significant for all secondary school students as well as for researchers and curriculum developers. Major conclusions of the study were; urban private secondary school students performed better than the others (government urban, government rural and private rural). Main recommendation was; curriculum was relevant hence it was retained.
Academic Environment and Students’ Learning: Causal Perspective of Secondary School Level in Dera Ghazi Khan
Authors: Dr. Ijaz Hussain  , Irum Iqbal  , Sofia Khakwani
Published: October 2022

The study aims to find out students’ perception about various aspects of academic environment at school and to depict the impact of academic environment on students’ learning. This study also discovers whether these two variables exist at the same standard in public and private sectors or there is any variation in availability or relation? The study employed descriptive survey method. The population of the study was the secondary class students of all Public and Private Secondary Schools in Dera Ghazi Khan district. Two stage random technique was adopted to determine the sample size. At first stage 10 public sector and 10 private secondary school from Dera Ghazi Khan with equal ratio of male and female schools. At the second stage 25 students from each school were randomly selected. Total sample size for the study was consisted on 500 secondary school students. The researchers used the questionnaire and an achievement test in English as data collection instruments. The collected data was analysed by calculated mean score and Standard Deviation. t-test and co relational tests were applied to find out the relation between academic environment at school and students’ learning. The study concluded that there was a positive co-relation between academic environment and students’ learning. The study also recommended that secondary school management should focus in ensuring positive academic environment at school to enhance students’ learning output and overall growth and development.
Generalization of Tail Inequalities for Random Variables in the Martingale Theory
Authors: Formica Maria Rosaria , Ostrovsky Eugeny , Sirota Leonid
Published: October 2022

We generalize the tail Doob's inequality, concerning two non-negative random variables, arising in the martingale theory, in three directions: on the more general source data, on the random variables belonging to the so-called Grand Lebesgue Spaces, as well as on the multidimensional variables. We also provide several examples. Moreover we show the exactness of the estimates obtained in the particular case of positive random variables having exponential distribution.
Counting in the Dark
Authors: Ghose Partha
Published: October 2022

Born in 1894, Satyendra Nath Bose was one of the leading luminaries of twentieth century physics. Written by Bose’s former student, Partha Ghose, this account pays tribute to the life of a trailblazer who, along with Albert Einstein, established a new direction in quantum mechanics, and whose name will echo in the annals of scientific discovery for centuries to come.
Pengaruh berat karbon aktif dari ampas tebu dan lama perendaman terhadap kualitas minyak goreng bekas
Authors: Mardwita Mardwita , Sri Yusmartini Eka , Selviana Nindia
Published: October 2022

Jumlah minyak goreng bekas pemakaian semakin bertambah seiring aktivitas kegiatan manusia. Minyak goreng bekas yang dibuang secara langsung ke lingkungan akan memberikan dampak buruk bagi kesehatan dan penurunan kualitas lingkungan hidup, oleh karena itu perlu adanya pemanfaatan minyak goreng bekas dengan cara pemurnian atau purifikasi sehingga minyak goreng bekas tersebut dapat digunakan kembali. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan minyak goreng bekas yang telah digunakan dengan lama pemanasan 3 jam, 5 jam, dan 7 jam. Minyak goreng bekas tersebut dimurnikan dengan menggunakan karbon aktif yang dibuat dari ampas tebu ukuran 100 mesh dengan variasi berat 2,5 gr, 5 gr, dan 7,5 gr, lama waktu perendaman 24 jam, 48 jam, dan 72 jam. Analisa yang digunakan adalah analisa kadar air, kadar asam lemak bebas (free fatty acid), dan angka penyabunan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar air dan angka penyabunan menurun siring dengan lamanya waktu perendaman dan berat karbon aktif. Kadar asam lemak bebas yang paling rendah dihasilkan pada penggunaan berat karbon aktif 7,5 gr dan lama perendaman 24 jam.
Analisa Konsentrasi NaOH dan Temperatur Pemanasan Terhadap Kadar Selulosa dan Kadar Lignin dari Batang Pisang Klutuk Menggunakan Alat Delignifikasi sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Bioetanol.
Authors: Arjeni Rafit , Hasan Abu , Syarif Aida
Published: October 2022

Indonesia is a country with the largest energy consumption in southeast asia and fifth in asia pacific in primary

energy consumption, after a chinese, india, japan, and south korea. If considered sectorally, so having the greatest share of

the transportation sector, is as much as 42%, higher than the industrial sector with of 36. Hence the need of the use of

environmentally friendly alternative energy and new and renewable energy ( ebt bioetanol ) as. Bioetanol can come from

organic waste as klutuk stems of a banana tree. To research it will study and to making delignifikasi adsorbsi klutuk bioetanol

of a banana stem. To research will be done study delignifikasi and adsorbsi to making bioetanol of a banana stem klutuk.

First, perform the process pratreatmen and delignifikasi in a banana stem klutuk with variations konsetrasi naoh 10%, 20%,

30% and temperature warming namely 100oC, 125oC, 150oC, 175oC, and 100oC. At the delignifikasi this can be said that on

the concentration naoh 10% in 150oC, warming temperatures produce levels of cellulose and lignin best, to the cellulose and

lignin 81,3% levels 10,1%. A banana stem fiber that has been in delignifikasi, next will be done and also hydrolysis

fermentation to produce bioetanol. Bioetanol produced the application will be done distillation to separate bioetanol and

water. Bioetanol next analysis used a gcms and obtained bioetanol 80,34%.
Vasopressin: a possible link between hypoxia and hypertension
Authors: Szczepańska-Sadowska Ewa , Żera Tymoteusz
Published: October 2022

Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are frequently associated with transient and prolonged hypoxia, whereas hypoxia exerts pro-hypertensive effects, through stimulation of the sympathetic system and release of pressor endocrine factors. This review is focused on the role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in dysregulation of the cardiovascular system during hypoxia associated with cardiovascular disorders. AVP is synthesized mainly in the neuroendocrine neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON), which send axons to the posterior pituitary and various regions of the central nervous system (CNS). Vasopressinergic neurons are innervated by multiple neuronal projections releasing several neurotransmitters and other regulatory molecules. AVP interacts with V1a, V1b and V2 receptors that are present in the brain and peripheral organs, including the heart, vessels, lungs, and kidneys. Release of vasopressin is intensified during hypernatremia, hypovolemia, inflammation, stress, pain, and hypoxia which frequently occur in cardiovascular patients, and blood AVP concentration is markedly elevated in cardiovascular diseases associated with hypoxemia. There is evidence that hypoxia stimulates AVP release through stimulation of chemoreceptors. It is suggested that acting in the carotid bodies, AVP may fine-tune respiratory and hemodynamic responses to hypoxia and that this effect is intensified in hypertension. There is also evidence that during hypoxia, augmentation of pro-hypertensive effects of vasopressin may result from inappropriate interaction of this hormone with other compounds regulating the cardiovascular system (catecholamines, angiotensins, natriuretic peptides, steroids, nitric oxide). In conclusion, current literature indicates that abnormal mutual interactions between hypoxia and vasopressin may significantly contribute to pathogenesis of hypertension.
Key Aspects of Transnational Practice of Corruption Prevention and Prospects of Their Implementation in Ukraine
Authors: KISIL Zoriana , KISIL Roman-Volodymyr
Published: October 2022

The relevance of scientific intelligence is that the existing problem of preventing corruption is not only a national problem, but also a global problem. The purpose of the article is to study the international experience in preventing corruption offenses in order to implement it in domestic law. The methodological basis of our scientific article is a system of methods and techniques of scientific knowledge, namely: systems analysis, comparative-implementation method, statistical method, retrospective method. The article provides a systematic review of international concepts for the prevention of corruption offenses. It is noted that in the current globalization processes that take place in modern society, the need to implement positive foreign experience in the system of current legislation of Ukraine is extremely important. A thorough analysis of a number of measures of the highly developed states aimed at preventing corruption offenses was also carried out. Positive experience of the states with the lowest level of corruption is positioned, indicating the ways to achieve such a result. The article analyses the anti-corruption strategies of such countries as Singapore, the Netherlands, Belgium, Israel, the United States of America, the Slovak Republic, Germany and Poland. Attention is drawn to the fact that in countries with low levels of corruption, repressive measures prevailing in anti-corruption models are combined with the comprehensive elimination of the determinants of corruption offenses. The article notes that the latest strategy to prevent corruption always requires the development of active cooperation between government agencies, law enforcement agencies and civil society in preventing and combating corruption offenses. At the same time, an important determinant of preventing corruption offenses is the growth of social consciousness. Emphasis is placed on the fact that corruption offenses are an extremely dangerous phenomenon, which, unfortunately, is common to all countries of the modern world. It is noted that a number of foreign countries have managed to create a modern and effective algorithm for preventing and combating corruption offenses. Taking into the consideration the European vector of our state, there is an urgent need to create and implement a new anti-corruption policy, taking into account the positive aspects of existing international experience.
Object of Criminal Offences Related to Raiding
Authors: KRUSHYNSKYI Serhii , ZAKHARCHUK Viktor
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the object of criminal offenses provided for by Articles 205-1, 206, 206-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which are positioned by the authors as special criminal prohibitions introduced to counter raiding. Doctrinal views and problems of legislative formulation of the object of criminal offenses related to raiding are analysed. Based on the analysis of judicial statistics for the last eight years, it was established that the effectiveness of the specified criminal law norms depends on the perfection of their content. Attention is drawn to the significant shortcomings of the current editions of the specified norms and the ways of their improvement are suggested. Authors’ interpretation of the object of the criminal offense is expressed. The authors criticize the usage of the term «integral property complex» as obsolete as well as excessive detailing of this concept by indicating individual objects as a part of an integral property complex in the text of Art. 206 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. In order to improve the current criminal legislation, changes to the wording of the dispositions of individual «anti-raider» prohibitions are proposed. In particular, the disposition of Art. 206 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in the part indicating the object of a criminal offense is proposed to be worded as follows: «… or seizure of an entire property complex or its part …». The opinion is expressed that instead of the term «enterprise, institution, organization» in the disposition of Art. 206-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine the term «business entity» should be used, which will make the relevant criminal law more clear and concise. Taking into account the above, it is proposed to outline the disposition of Art. 206-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in the part of the object of the criminal offense in the following wording: «Illegal acquisition of the property of a business entity or a dividend, share, divvy of its participant …». With reference to examples from judicial practice separate cases of erroneous qualification of acts related to forgery of documents submitted for state registration of business entities according to Art. 358 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are given.
The Impact of the Launch of the Nord Stream 2 Gas Pipeline on the Political Situation in the EU and Ukraine
Authors: SHEVCHUK Inna
Published: October 2022

The article establishes that the availability of fuel and energy resources becomes a tool of powerful influence in the international arena. When researching the mentioned problems, the significant influence of Russian capital and joint projects on the processes of formation and adoption of foreign policy decisions, changes in the vector of foreign state policy in lobbying interests by Russia is shown. The work proves that the exporting state builds its foreign policy from a position of strength and protects national interests through strategic and tactical manipulations (regulation of energy market prices in the interests of partner countries; creation of conditions for artificial deficit; use of energy dependence of importing countries for lobbying interests in foreign policy or coercion into strategically disadvantageous alliances). The political prerequisites and specifics of the positioning of the USA, EU member states and Ukraine in terms of the construction and commissioning of the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline are analysed, the possible impact on the state of European security and the consequences for Ukraine are determined. The behaviour strategy and state policy of supporters and opponents within the framework of project implementation are outlined. It is established that support for the launch of the gas pipeline by Germany, as a key player of the EU, especially during military operations on the territory of Ukraine, may lead to a change in positions in the format of the alliance's functioning. In Ukraine, the launch of the Nord Stream-2 gas pipeline is a direct threat to national interests and the integrity of state borders, as the challenges and threats are both economic (blocking gas supplies, limiting the volume of gas transit through the territory of U kraine) and geopolitical in nature (being at the intersection of spheres of influence EU and NATO Ukraine must balance and adjust the vector of foreign policy).
A Cross sectional Study on Estimation of Stature from Forearm length in the age group of 18 to 25 years in Telangana population
Authors: K Srinivasulu  , Prashanti Mylabathula  , M Karteek Sai  , B Ruchitha  , Tanneru Bhanu Prathyusha
Published: October 2022

A cross sectional study on correlation of the stature from forearm length was conducted in the population of Telangana region of India, A total of 150 members participated in the study among 75 males and 75 females in the age group of 18 to 25 years. The aim of the study is to estimate stature from a fragmentary body part forearm in the population of Telangana and to derive a separate regression equation for both right and left hand and for both male and female individuals. Measurement of the body part forearm length has taken as distance from the tip of the olecranon to proximal wrist crease in semi flexed posture measured by using vernier caliper. Statistical analysis was done by descriptive statistics like mean standard deviation, correlation coefficient and linear regression. P vale <0.05 was considered as statistical significant. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 25 software. The formula for right forearm is y = 50.76 + 4.18 X, left forearm is y = 50.89 + 4.19 X for total study group. For male population the formula for right forearm is y = 67.80 + 3.62 X, left forearm is y = 72.84 + 11.19 X. For female population the formula for right forearm is Y = 68.45 + 8.13 X and for left forearm is Y = 64.88 + 3.60 X.We found highly significant correlation between the forearm length and height of the individual. We observed a separate regression equation for right and left hand in both male and female population yield better result. We also observed left forearm equation is more accurate than right forearm. The height of the individual is about 6.1 times of forearm length. Linear regression formula developed in our study group is more appropriate for Telangana population
Medical, Legal and Social Problems Faced by Medical Officers Working in Primary Health Centers
Authors: Jeeveswararao Bagadi  , Lakshmi Sativada  , Kiran Kanth Vudayana  , Kulkarni.V.P  , Bhargavi Sampathirao
Published: October 2022

Healthcare facilities are getting costly, and becoming non-accessible for the poor. The medical officers working in primary health centers are facing medical, legal and social problems by lack of resources and infrastructure. This study was conducted on 150 primary health centers during the period of six months from July -December 2021 in and around Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh. Medical professionals are facing problems mostly due to primary health centers are located far away from headquarters. Improving primary health care facilities in rural areas may give good results in health care system.
The Current Practice and Medico Legal Aspects of Informed Consent in Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a Teritary Care Hospital, Can We Improve?: An Interventional Study
Authors: Shreen R.  , Kagne R.N  , Jayasree M
Published: October 2022

The Informed Consent plays major role in both Patients and the Doctors to carry out variousaspects in the surgical procedures. This paper was an interventional study it was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Sri Manakula Vinayaga Medical College and Hospital, Madagadipet, Puducherry to audit and to improve it was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The deficiencies were identified and it was analysed. The results of both pre-interventional and post-interventional were recorded, which showed the significant improvement in the consent form of the major and minor procedures. This study results will give importance on documenting the Informed Consent day to day life practice.
Factors Influencing Peak Expiratory Flow Rate among Selected People in Basrah City
Authors: Adil G. Fadil  , Hussein Sh Al-Essa  , Firas Abdulkader  , Rafid M. Albadr
Published: October 2022

Background: In many obstructive airway diseases, including asthma, the Maximum Expiratory Flow (PEFR) measurement offers a reliable and objective technique for estimating the amount of airway blockage. Peak expiratory flow rate can be easily evaluated with a peak flow meter at home by the patient or their parents. The peak expiratory flow rate test measures how fast the air is circulating through the lungs. Materials and Methods: The study was done in college of Dentistry, University of Basrah, we select 301 person who agree to participate of this study, an anthropometric measure were obtained from all subjects after simple interview, peak expiratory flow rate was obtained by using peak flow meter, then the result were analyzed using SPPSS. Conclusions: Peak expiratory flow rate in males was higher than females and showed a strong positive correlation with the study participants’ age, height, weight, and body surface. The subjects’ age and body mass index had an inverse relationship with peak expiratory flow rate; however, it was not statistically significant
Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles using Green Tea and Neem Formulation and Assessment if its Antimicrobial Effects
Authors: Anjali Anna Thomas  , Remmiya Mary Varghese  , S Rajeshkumar
Published: October 2022

Aims: Nanotechnology is the science which is about manipulating matter, atom by atom and is associated with particles smaller than 100 nm in size. Copper nanoparticles are used mainly due to its surplus amount, low cost, easy availability and biocompatible property. Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles is very simple, economical and eco-friendly method that does not involve any toxic chemicals. The aim of our study is green synthesis of copper nanoparticles using green tea and neem formulation and assessment of its antimicrobial effects.Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Nanotechnology, Saveetha dental college and hospitals, between December 2020 and January 2021Methodology: 20 mM of copper sulphate solution is mixed with 40mL of plant extract and 60 mL of distilled water was added and made it into 100 ml solution. Once the copper nanoparticles are synthesized the solution is characterized using UV- vis-spectroscopy and was scanned in double beam UV-vis- spectrophotometer from 300 nm to 700nm wavelength. The antimicrobial property of copper nanoparticle is evaluated by agar well diffusion method.Results: The colour change from green to brown and peak observed in UV-vis- spectrophotometer was associated with the synthesis of copper nanoparticles. Copper nanoparticle from green tea and tea extract has good antimicrobial activity against S.mutans, C.albicans, E.faecalis, S, aureus.Conclusion: Copper nanoparticles can be efficiently synthesised from green and neem formulation.hese copper nanoparticles showed good antibacterial properties and are effective against oral pathogens
Abuse of Chemical Substances Cause Poisoning in Dogs and Cats: A Review
Authors: Athip Lorsirigool  , Yuttana Sudjaroen  , Narong Kulnides
Published: October 2022

Chemical substances are used worldwide as rodenticides, insecticides and herbicides, and also to protect animals against ectoparasites. Poisoning from chemical substances can occur in dogs and cats from both non-accidental and accidental causes. Non-accidental causes include the intentional abuse of chemical substances. This is regarded as animal cruelty and is illegal in many countries. By contrast, accidental causes result from animals ingesting poisonous substances unintentionally such as baits containing rodenticides or eating dead or alive poisoned rodents. Knowledgeable use of poisonous chemicals is vital for the safety of pets. Clinical signs of poisoning in dogs and cats depend on the type of chemical substances, species, lethal dose (LD50) and duration after exposure. This review summarises the common chemical substances that can endanger dogs and cats including rodenticides, insecticides, molluscicides, herbicides, paracetamol and antifreeze chemicals (ethylene glycol)
Medical, Legal and Social Problems Faced by Medical Officers Working in Primary Health Centers
Authors: Jeeveswararao Bagadi  , Lakshmi Sativada  , Kiran Kanth Vudayana  , Kulkarni.V.P
Published: October 2022

Healthcare facilities are getting costly, and becoming non-accessible for the poor. The medical officers working in primary health centers are facing medical, legal and social problems by lack of resources and infrastructure. This study was conducted on 150 primary health centers during the period of six months from July -December 2021 in and around Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh. Medical professionals are facing problems mostly due to primary health centers are located far away from headquarters. Improving primary health care facilities in rural areas may give good results in health care system
A study on Knowledge and Awareness on Duties and Responsibilities of a Doctor in a Teaching Hospital Hyderabad Telangana
Authors: K Srinivasulu  , M Karteek Sai  , Boinpally Ruchitha  , Tanneru Bhanu Prathyusha
Published: October 2022

Medical practitioner has a tremendous role in the society in saving the life of human beings; this can be achieved when they practice their profession with utmost care and responsibility, Doctor’s duties are regulated by law enforcement authorities and the National medial council, any breach of their duties can lead to a medico legal issue. The aim of the study is to analyze the knowledge and awareness of doctors regarding their duties and responsibilities towards their patients. A cross sectional study on knowledge and awareness on duties and responsibilities of a doctor was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital, a total of 100 doctors have participated in the study, doctors who are registered in Medical Council of India and working in the institution as postgraduates, tutors, senior residents and assistant professors were included in this study. Data was collected in the form of a questionnaire after obtaining an informed consent from all the participants. Doctors who are not willing to participate in the study are excluded. Each duty and responsibility was assessed by grading based on their knowledge and awareness. Data analysis was done with the help of Microsoft Excel software. Study results revealed that 12.9% of doctors are having poor knowledge, 19.3% of doctors have fair knowledge and 67.8% of doctors are having good knowledge on their duties and responsibilities. Periodical Continuous medical education programs can achieve better result
Evaluation of Prescription Writing Skill of Dental Students and Professionals Working in Dental Teaching Institute in Haryana
Authors: Lavina Arya  , Vishal Arya  , Jyoti Prajapat  , Preeti Kumari  , Neha Sikka
Published: October 2022

Background: Prescription is an integral part of practice in the field of dentistry. Errors in prescription can be either knowledge or writing related. Understanding the lacunae gives an insight to improvement in this vital clinical skill.Aim: To evaluate prescription writing pattern in a dental teaching Institute in Haryana with primary objective to identify the most common errors in prescription writing among students and faculty and secondary objective to assess overall performance and prescription writing skills.Methods and Material: The hospital based cross-sectional, descriptive survey was conducted with 194 participants with a problem based approach requiring response in the form of complete prescription. Undergraduate students of third and final year, interns along with post graduate students and faculty were included. Each prescription was analysed for 28 parameters. Six prescriber related, five patient related, eleven drug related, and seven Miscellaneous parameters. Each parameter was scored as one if present and zero if absent. Total score for each parameter and total score of each prescription was calculated and graded as poor score 0-7, medium or fair score 8-14, good score 15-22.and 22-30 excellent.Results: The patient and doctors related parameters were most deficient followed by miscellaneous and drug related parameters. Maximum prescription were of fair quality. Undergraduate prescription was well written in comparison to other groups.Conclusions: There is a need to emphasis, audit and revise the art of prescription writing throughout the curriculum and later stages too
Early diagnosis of acute kidney injury by measurement of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Hepcidin levels in patients following cardiac catheterization
Authors: Hind F. Aref  , Nazar A. Naji  , Hadaf D. Ibrahim
Published: October 2022

Acute kidney damage is a severe condition common in patients who have undergone heart surgery (catheterization) and secondary injury is also referred to as being synonymous with surgery. The goal of this research is to determine the rate of serum urea, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Hepcidin levels in patients with acute renal injury (AKI) following cardiac catheterization. The study included 81 patients (64 males and 17 females) ranging in age from 40 to 75 years. Data from most patients is reported in the form of an age, gender and smoking background questionnaire. The results indicate a significant increase in serum urea, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Hepcidin levels in patients with severe renal insufficiency after cardiac catheterization in (79%) males versus (21%) females. According to the outcomes of this study, improved risk prediction could improve patient monitoring and treatment after surgery, as well as direct patient treatment and decision making. Also, the findings show that they enhance participation in AKI interventional trials.
Nephrotoxicity Related to Iodinated-Based Contrast Media: From Pathophysiology to Management
Authors: Oktavinayu Sari Latif  , Tenta Hartian Hendyatama
Published: October 2022

Contrast Induced Nephropathy (CIN) or Contrast Induced Acute Kidney Injury (CI-AKI) is defined as sudden deterioration of renal function which is caused by administration of contrast media. Iodinated Contrast Media (ICM) is frequently used to enhance anatomical structure in medical imaging, for both diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, such as angiography, urography, and coronary intervention. The pathophysiology of nephrotoxicity related to ICM has not been completely understood. Hemodynamic changes, direct tubular cell toxicity and oxidative stress may contribute to pathophysiology of CI-AKI. Screening patient’s risk factors, selecting contrast and avoiding nephrotoxic drug are several ways to be performed prior to administration of ICM to avoid CI-AKI. In addition to fluid administration and hemodialysis, medications such as N-acetylcysteine, statins, furosemide and nebivolol can be used to manage CI-AKI
Concern over career is the primary reason for poor mental health among students
Authors: Agnita Kundu  , Sampurna Kundu
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 is the cause of a lot of concern around the world. Apart from the obvious physical distress it has contributedsignificantly to elevation of mental health issues. Students who mostly have not been vaccinated are doing onlineclasses with severe restriction on their social lives. Survey was done with students from school, college and universityto determine their mental health status. Their mental health was evaluated with the DASS-21 questionnaire that wasdistributed and collected online. The students were found to have become vulnerable to stress, anxiety and depression.Their mental health status was found to be poor with university students being most affected. Upon Correlation studieswith relevant questions on online education and consequent change in their mode of studies and interaction with familyand friends, it was found that university students’ concern over their career led to their poor mental health
Critical Analysis of Case Based Learning as a Teaching Learning Method in Medical Education.
Authors: Ajay Khade  , Jyoti Wahane
Published: October 2022

Various teaching-learning methods are used in imparting medical education. Case Based Learning (CBL) is one of theteaching-learning methods in which clinical cases are used for teaching. It was first used by Dr James Smith, pathologist,in 1912 in Edinburg, wherein the students correlated the clinical records of patients with the post mortem findings. Theuse of CBL in teaching medical students was extensively searched in PubMed search engine. Full text articles related toCBL studies conducted in medical colleges were included. 6 relevant articles were selected and a critical analysis wasdone. Most of the studies compare CBL with didactic lecture and found to be more effective. These studies are limited toone college and sample size is small. CBL correlates the theory with practice. The students learn many skills like criticalthinking, higher order thinking, self-directed learning and working in a team. Thus, the learner will become a successfulIndian Medical Graduate (IMG).
Six of one, half dozen of the other: Suboptimal prioritizing for equal and unequal alternatives
Authors: James Warren , Hunt Amelia R. , Clarke Alasdair D. F.
Published: October 2022

It is possible to accomplish multiple goals when available resources are abundant, but when the tasks are difficult and resources are limited, it is better to focus on one task and complete it successfully than to divide your efforts and fail on both. Previous research has shown that people rarely apply this logic when faced with prioritizing dilemmas. The pairs of tasks in previous research had equal utility, which according to some models, can disrupt decision-making. We investigated whether the equivalence of two tasks contributes to suboptimal decisions about how to prioritize them. If so, removing or manipulating the arbitrary nature of the decision between options should facilitate optimal decisions about whether to focus effort on one goal or divide effort over two. Across all three experiments, however, participants did not appropriately adjust their decisions with task difficulty. The only condition in which participants adopted a strategy that approached optimal was when they had voluntarily placed more reward on one task over the other. For the task that was more rewarded, choices were modified more effectively with task difficulty. However, participants were more likely to choose to distribute rewards equally than unequally. The results demonstrate that situations involving choices between options with equal utility are not avoided and are even slightly preferred over unequal options, despite unequal options having larger potential gains and leading to more effective prioritizing strategies.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Abortus pada Ibu Hamil di Poli Kebidanan Rs Budi Kemuliaan Batam
Authors: Sahreni Sukma , Gagah,P Dino , Septian Fikri
Published: October 2022

Background: Abortion is still a big problem in Indonesia in terms of epidemiology, morbidity, mortality, and prognosis. The unclear pathogenesis due to the uncertainty of etiology and risk factors is reflected in research design with a case control approach. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling with a sample of 69 people. Sources of data used in this study is medical records. Data analysis using Chi Square statistical test.

Method : This study uses an analytical observational research design with a case control approach. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling with a sample of 69 people. Sources of data used in this study is medical records. Data analysis using Chi Square statistical test.

Results: From the results of the study, it was found that parity, maternal age, and iron deficiency anemia had a relationship with the incidence of abortion, while a history of abortion had no relationship with the incidence of abortion. The results of the Chi Square statistical test showed that the p-value for parity was 0,000, maternal age was 0,000, history of abortion was 0,779, and iron deficiency anemia was 0,007.

Conclusion: Based on the results of data processing, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between parity, maternal age, and iron deficiency anemia with the incidence of abortion and there is no significant relationship between the history of abortion and the incidence of abortion at the obstetrics poly at Budi Kemuliaan Hospital Batam.
Pembuatan Peta Laut indonesia No. 63 Menggunakan Perangkat Lunak Caris Paper Chart Composer 2.1 (Studi Kasus Perairan Selat Gelasa)
Authors: Ilyas Ilyas , Ibrahim Ahmad Lufti , Suryanegara Dady
Published: October 2022

Peta laut adalah peta yang secara khusus dirancang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan navigasi laut. Peta laut Indonesia yang berstandar Internasional mutlak dibutuhkan keberadaannya mengingat tingginya tingkat pelayaran di Indonesia dan tidak menutup kemungkinan untuk pelaut asing berlayar di Indonesia. Karena itulah dibutuhkan ketentuan atau spesifikasi yang dipublikasikan oleh International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) yaitu S-4 dan S-57 Untuk mendapatkan peta laut dengan standar Internasional. Pembuatan PLI di Pushidrosal saat ini masih menggunakan perangkat lunak CARIS GIS 4.5 dengan proses dan tahapan yang cukup panjang. CARIS Paper Chart Composer 2.1 (CARIS PCC 2.1) merupakan perangkat lunak yang mempunyai fungsi sama dengan CARIS GIS 4.5 dalam hal pembuatan peta laut namun dengan proses dan tahapan pembuatan yang lebih efektif dan efisien.
Corpus callosum dysgenesis and colpocephaly
Authors:   Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Ciurea Roxana Beatrice , Mihailescu Gabriela ,   Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Anton Ruxandra Maria ,   Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Parvu Delia ,   Hiperdia S.A, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Nica Sanda Maria ,   Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Pavel Georgiana ,   Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Buraga Ioan ,   Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Popescu Bogdan O. ,   Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Molecular Medicine, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
Published: October 2022

We present the case of T.F., a 28-year-old woman diagnosed with corpus callosum dysgenesis and colpocephaly. The diagnosis is based on cerebral imaging – magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerised tomography (CT).
The Gliese 86 Binary System: A Warm Jupiter Formed in a Disk Truncated at ≈2 au
Authors: Zeng Yunlin , Brandt Timothy D. , Li Gongjie , Dupuy Trent J. , Li Yiting , Brandt G. Mirek , Farihi Jay , Horner Jonathan , Wittenmyer Robert A. , Butler R. Paul. , Tinney Christopher G. , Carter Bradley D. , Wright Duncan J. , Jones Hugh R. A. , O’Toole Simon J.
Published: October 2022

Gliese 86 is a nearby K dwarf hosting a giant planet on a ≈16 day orbit and an outer white dwarf companion on a ≈century-long orbit. In this study we combine radial velocity data (including new measurements spanning more than a decade) with high angular resolution imaging and absolute astrometry from Hipparcos and Gaia to measure the current orbits and masses of both companions. We then simulate the evolution of the Gl 86 system to constrain its primordial orbit when both stars were on the main sequence; the closest approach between the two stars was then about 9 au. Such a close separation limited the size of the protoplanetary disk of Gl 86 A and dynamically hindered the formation of the giant planet around it. Our measurements of Gl 86 B and Gl 86 Ab’s orbits reveal Gl 86 as a system in which giant planet formation took place in a disk truncated at ≈2 au. Such a disk would be just big enough to harbor the dust mass and total mass needed to assemble Gl 86 Ab’s core and envelope, assuming a high disk accretion rate and a low viscosity. Inefficient accretion of the disk onto Gl 86 Ab, however, would require a disk massive enough to approach the Toomre stability limit at its outer truncation radius. The orbital architecture of the Gl 86 system shows that giant planets can form even in severely truncated disks and provides an important benchmark for planet formation theory.
High-velocity Stars in SDSS/APOGEE DR17
Authors: Quispe-Huaynasi F. , Roig F. , McDonald D. J. , Loaiza-Tacuri V. , Majewski S. R. , Wanderley F. C. , Cunha K. , Pereira C. B. , Hasselquist S. , Daflon S.
Published: October 2022

We report 23 stars having Galactocentric velocities larger than 450 km s−1 in the final data release of the APOGEE survey. This sample was generated using space velocities derived by complementing the high-quality radial velocities from the APOGEE project in Sloan Digital Sky Survey’s Data Release 17 (DR17) with distances and proper motions from Gaia early Data Release 3 (eDR3). We analyze the observed kinematics and derived dynamics of these stars, considering different potential models for the Galaxy. We find that three stars could be unbound depending on the adopted potential, but in general all of the stars show typical kinematics of halo stars. The APOGEE DR17 spectroscopic results and Gaia eDR3 photometry are used to assess the stellar parameters and chemical properties of the stars. All of the stars belong to the red giant branch, and, in general, they follow the abundance pattern of typical halo stars. There are a few exceptions that would deserve further analysis through high-resolution spectroscopy. In particular, we identify a high-velocity Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor star, with a Galactocentric velocity of 482 km s−1. We do not confirm any hypervelocity star in the sample, but this result is very sensitive to the adopted distances and less sensitive to the Galactic potential.
Scattered Light in the Hinode/EIS and SDO/AIA Instruments Measured from the 2012 Venus Transit
Authors: Young Peter R. , Viall Nicholeen M.
Published: October 2022

Observations from the 2012 transit of Venus are used to derive empirical formulae for long- and short-range scattered light at locations on the solar disk observed by the Hinode Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) and the Solar Dynamics Observatory Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instruments. Long-range scattered light comes from the entire solar disk, while short-range scattered light is considered to come from a region within 50″ of the region of interest. The formulae were derived from the Fe xii 195.12 Å emission line observed by EIS and the AIA 193 Å channel. A study of the weaker Fe xiv 274.20 Å line during the transit and a comparison of scattering in the AIA 193 Å and 304 Å channels suggests the EIS scattering formula applies to other emission lines in the EIS wavebands. Both formulae should be valid in regions of fairly uniform emission such as coronal holes and quiet Sun, but may be less accurate for faint areas close (around 100″) to bright active regions. The formula for EIS is used to estimate the scattered light component of Fe xii
λ195.12 for seven on-disk coronal holes observed between 2010 and 2018. Scattered light contributions of 56%–100% are found, suggesting that these features are dominated by scattered light, consistent with earlier work of Wendeln & Landi. Emission lines from the S x and Si x ions—formed at the same temperature as Fe xii and often used to derive the first ionization potential bias from EIS data—are also expected to be dominated by scattered light in coronal holes.