bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Biselyngbyolide A (I), a Novel Cytotoxic Macrolide from the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp.
Authors: Morita Maho , Ohno Osamu , Suenaga Kiyotake
Published: June 2012

isolation, structure determination and biological activities
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis of Some New (2‐Aminothiazol‐4‐yl)methylester Derivatives as Possible Antimicrobial and Antitubercular Agents.
Authors: Karuvalam Ranjith P. , Haridas Karickal R. , Nayak Susanta K. , Row Tayur N. Guru , Rajeesh P. , Rishikesan R. , Kumari N. Suchetha
Published: June 2012

Several of the newly prepared thiazole derivatives, e.g. (Ia) and (Ib), show good antibacterial and significant antitubercular potency.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in New Luminescent Nanomaterials for Electrochemiluminescence Sensors
Authors: Li Jing , Guo Shaojun , Wang Erkang
Published: June 2012

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Surface Chemistry of Atomic Layer Depositions of Solid Thin Films
Authors: Zaera Francisco
Published: June 2012

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron‐poor Polyhedra in Metallaborane Structures: Metal Atoms at Degree 7 Vertices of Capped Isocloso Deltahedra
Authors: King R. Bruce
Published: June 2012

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thinning and Shaping Solid Films into Functional and Integrative Nanomembranes
Authors: Huang Gaoshan , Mei Yongfeng
Published: June 2012

Review: 295 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Bonds: A Structural Insight into Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Dong Kun , Zhang Suojiang
Published: June 2012

Review: 136 ref.
ChemInform Abstract: Trichlorosilane‐Mediated Asymmetric Reductions of the C=N Bond
Authors: Jones Simon , Warner Christopher J. A.
Published: June 2012

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silyl Glyoxylates. Conception and Realization of Flexible Conjunctive Reagents for Multicomponent Coupling.
Authors: Boyce Gregory R. , Greszler Stephen N. , Johnson Jeffrey S. , Linghi Xin , Malinowski Justin T. , Nicewicz David A. , Satterfield Andrew D. , Schmitt Daniel C. , Steward Kimberly M.
Published: June 2012

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneously Catalyzing C—C Coupling Reactions with Precious Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Beaumont Simon K.
Published: June 2012

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Click Chemistry: An Approach to Sustainable Development in Drug Synthesis
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Kumar Pankaj , Joshi Himanshu
Published: June 2012

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphene Quantum Dots: Emergent Nanolights for Bioimaging, Sensors, Catalysis and Photovoltaic Devices.
Authors: Shen Jianhua , Zhu Yihua , Yang Xiaoling , Li Chunzhong
Published: June 2012

Review: [110 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Recognition and Separation of Sulfate Anions
Authors: Ravikumar I. , Ghosh Pradyut
Published: June 2012

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanomaterials for Targeted Detection and Photothermal Killing of Bacteria
Authors: Ray Paresh Chandra , Khan Sadia Afrin , Singh Anant Kumar , Senapati Dulal , Fan Zhen
Published: June 2012

Review: 83 refs.
A gathering of neuronal cytoskeletal scientists in South America
Authors: Baas Peter W. , Gonzalez‐Billault Christian
Published: June 2012

This essay attempts to capture the spirit of our recent meeting in Chile entitled “Emerging Concepts in Neuronal Cytoskeleton.” The purpose of the meeting was to bring together scientists from South American countries with colleagues from the USA and the global community, to inspire and motivate the next generation of scientists from South America who share a fascination of the internal architecture of the neuron. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Principal Dynamical Components
Authors: de la Iglesia Manuel D. , Tabak Esteban G.
Published: June 2012

A procedure is proposed for a dimension reduction in time series. Similarly to principal components, the procedure seeks a low‐dimensional manifold that minimizes information loss. Unlike principal components, however, the procedure involves dynamical considerations through the proposal of a predictive dynamical model in the reduced manifold. Hence the minimization of the uncertainty is not only over the choice of a reduced manifold, as in principal components, but also over the parameters of the dynamical model, as in autoregressive analysis and principal interaction patterns. Further generalizations are provided to nonautonomous and non‐Markovian scenarios, which are then applied to historical sea‐surface temperature data. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Size‐Dependent Lattice Expansion in Nanoparticles: Reality or Anomaly?
Authors: Diehm P. Manuel , Ágoston Péter , Albe Karsten
Published: June 2012

Size‐dependent lattice expansion of nanoparticles is observed for many ionic compounds, including metal oxides, while lattice contraction prevails for pure metals. However, the physical origin of this effect, which is of importance for the thermodynamic, chemical and electronic properties of nanoparticles, is discussed controversially. After a survey of the experimental literature, revealing a wide variety of materials with size‐dependent lattice expansion, we show that the negative surface stress is the key reason for lattice expansion, while the excess of lattice sums or point defects of various charge states can be excluded as general explanations. Ab initio calculations of surface stresses for various surface structures of metal oxides confirm the model of a surface‐induced lattice expansion.
Clustering methods applied in the detection of Ki67 hot‐spots in whole tumor slide images: An efficient way to characterize heterogeneous tissue‐based biomarkers
Authors: Lopez Xavier Moles , Debeir Olivier , Maris Calliope , Rorive Sandrine , Roland Isabelle , Saerens Marco , Salmon Isabelle , Decaestecker Christine
Published: June 2012

Whole‐slide scanners allow the digitization of an entire histological slide at very high resolution. This new acquisition technique opens a wide range of possibilities for addressing challenging image analysis problems, including the identification of tissue‐based biomarkers. In this study, we use whole‐slide scanner technology for imaging the proliferating activity patterns in tumor slides based on Ki67 immunohistochemistry. Faced with large images, pathologists require tools that can help them identify tumor regions that exhibit high proliferating activity, called “hot‐spots” (HSs). Pathologists need tools that can quantitatively characterize these HS patterns. To respond to this clinical need, the present study investigates various clustering methods with the aim of identifying Ki67 HSs in whole tumor slide images. This task requires a method capable of identifying an unknown number of clusters, which may be highly variable in terms of shape, size, and density. We developed a hybrid clustering method, referred to as Seedlink. Compared to manual HS selections by three pathologists, we show that Seedlink provides an efficient way of detecting Ki67 HSs and improves the agreement among pathologists when identifying HSs. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Temporally controlled targeted somatic mutagenesis in mouse eye pigment epithelium
Authors: Mori Mikiro , Gargowitsch Laetitia , Bornert Jean‐Marc , Garnier Jean‐Marie , Mark Manuel , Chambon Pierre , Metzger Daniel
Published: June 2012

To generate temporally controlled site‐specific somatic mutations in the mouse eye pigment epithelium, we generated a TRP1‐Cre‐ERT2 transgenic mouse line that expresses the tamoxifen‐dependent Cre‐ERT2 recombinase under the control of the tyrosinase‐related protein 1 (TRP1) promoter. Cre‐ERT2 transcripts were readily detected in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and tamoxifen treatment of adult TRP1‐Cre‐ERT2 transgenic mice induced efficient excision of floxed DNA in patches of RPE cells, in numerous epithelial cells of the iris and ciliary body, and in very few cells of the neural retina. Importantly, no excision was detected in any cells in the absence of tamoxifen treatment. Thus, the TRP1‐Cre‐ERT2 mouse line provides a powerful tool to study in vivo gene functions in the mouse eye pigment epithelium. genesis 1–18 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Longitudinal differentiation among pelagic populations in a planktic foraminifer
Authors: Ujiié Yurika , Asami Takahiro , de Garidel‐Thoron Thibault , Liu Hui , Ishitani Yoshiyuki , de Vargas Colomban
Published: June 2012

Evolutionary processes in marine plankton have been assumed to be dependent on the oceanic circulation system, which transports plankton between populations in marine surface waters. Gene flow facilitated by oceanic currents along longitudinal gradients may efficiently impede genetic differentiation of pelagic populations in the absence of confounding marine environmental effects. However, how responsible oceanic currents are for the geographic distribution and dispersal of plankton is poorly understood. We examined the phylogeography of the planktic foraminifer Pulleniatina obliquiloculata in the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) by using partial small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences. We found longitudinal clines in the frequencies of three distinct genetic types in the IPWP area. These frequencies were correlated with environmental factors that are characteristic of three water masses in the IPWP. Noteworthy, populations inhabiting longitudinally distant water masses at the Pacific and Indian sides of the IPWP were genetically different, despite transportation of individuals via oceanic currents. These results demonstrate that populations of pelagic plankton have diverged genetically among different water masses within a single climate zone. Changes of the oceanic circulation system could have impacted the geographic patterns of dispersal and divergence of pelagic plankton.
On stochastic modelling of groundwater uptake in semi‐arid water‐limited systems: root density and seasonality effects
Authors: Vervoort R. W. , van der Zee S. E. A. T. M.
Published: June 2012

In recent ecohydrological modelling, a common basis has been found in methodology and axiomas, such as the minimalist, systems analysis approach and a piecewise linear root zone water loss function. In this paper, we consider the loss function for root zones in contact with ground water through capillary upflow and including deep root systems. The basic assumption of a piecewise linear behaviour is not well supported, and we highlight how this generates a series of new research questions, related to important knowledge gaps at the interface of physics, plant physiology and ecology. We develop analytical solutions for the probability density functions for soil saturation and evapotranspiration for simple ecohydrological box models that are based on different vegetation groundwater feedbacks, for which numerical results have been presented earlier. In the case of intermediate groundwater levels and wetter climates, a feedback model that regulates groundwater uptake in response to root zone wetness regulates the transpiration most realistically. In semi‐arid regions, root zone salinization may occur as a result of groundwater quality and ineffective root zone leaching. How to combine the adverse effects of drought and osmotic stress in models is subject to debate, and several alternatives are presented. Seasonality is another unexplored area, and we highlight how this affects root zone salinization. Finally, a further feedback between upper root zone density and transpiration regulation in the loss function highlights dependence of deep rooted vegetation on groundwater. Experimental data are needed as the availability at this time is limiting further development of models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Possibility of Uphill Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Multicopper Oxidases: Electrochemical and Quantum Chemical Study of Bilirubin Oxidase
Authors: Shleev Sergey , Andoralov Viktor , Falk Magnus , Reimann Curt T. , Ruzgas Tautgirdas , Srnec Martin , Ryde Ulf , Rulíšek Lubomír
Published: June 2012

The catalytic cycle of multicopper oxidases (MCOs) involves intramolecular electron transfer (IET) from the Cu‐T1 copper ion, which is the primary site of the one‐electron oxidations of the substrate, to the trinuclear copper cluster (TNC), which is the site of the four‐electron reduction of dioxygen to water. In this study we report a detailed characterization of the kinetic and electrochemical properties of bilirubin oxidase (BOx) – a member of the MCO family. The experimental results strongly indicate that under certain conditions, e.g. in alkaline solutions, the IET can be the rate‐limiting step in the BOx catalytic cycle. The data also suggest that one of the catalytically relevant intermediates (most likely characterized by an intermediate oxidation state of the TNC) formed during the catalytic cycle of BOx has a redox potential close to 0.4 V, indicating an uphill IET process from the T1 copper site (0.7 V) to the Cu‐T23. These suggestions are supported by calculations of the IET rate, based on the experimentally observed Gibbs free energy change and theoretical estimates of reorganization energy obtained by combined quantum and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations.
Accelerating Effect of Tetramethylthiourea on the Kinetics of Zn2+ Electroreduction
Authors: Nieszporek Jolanta
Published: June 2012

The results of kinetic measurements of Zn2+ electroreduction on mercury electrode in the presence of tetramethylthiourea showed the two‐step character of the electrode process. The acquisition of nonlinear wide potential range Tafel plots was found to offer a good opportunity to examine the Zn2+ electroreduction mechanism. Three mechanisms including the ion transfer step followed by the electron exchange step (IE mechanism), the adsorption step (IA mechanism) and the chemical step followed by electron transfer (CE) were applied. The accelerating influence of tetramethylthiourea on Zn2+ electroreduction was found to result from possible complexes formation in the diffuse layer. The ion transport step is probably combined with the loss or exchange of a ligand. The second step probably consists in the electron transfer or adsorption process connected with partial charge transfer.
A Simple Route of Modifying Copper Electrodes for the Determination of Methanol and Ethylene Glycol
Authors: Hu Xuefeng , Wang Jichang
Published: June 2012

Copper foil electrodes were modified in a stirred NaOH solution at room temperature. Measurements with scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the simultaneous structural transformation and chemical modification of the foil surface. The as‐prepared electrodes produced isolated anodic peaks in the cyclic voltammogram of methanol or ethylene glycol in alkaline solution. The highest anodic peak current was achieved at the electrode that was modified for 5 hours. Amperometric study illustrates that the modified electrode can detect lower than 100 µM methanol with a sensitivity of 15.8 µA/mM or 10 µM ethylene glycol with a sensitivity of 193 µA/mM. Importantly, the method is robust and the prepared electrodes show great reproducibility.
Direct and delayed X‐ray‐induced DNA damage in male mouse germ cells
Authors: Cordelli Eugenia , Eleuteri Patrizia , Grollino Maria Giuseppa , Benassi Barbara , Blandino Giovanni , Bartoleschi Cecilia , Pardini Maria Chiara , Di Caprio Edoardo Vittorio , Spanò Marcello , Pacchierotti Francesca , Villani Paola
Published: June 2012

Sperm DNA integrity is essential for the accurate transmission of paternal genetic information. Various stages of spermatogenesis are characterized by large differences in radiosensitivity. Differentiating spermatogonia are susceptible to radiation‐induced cell killing, but some of them can repair DNA damage and progress through differentiation. In this study, we applied the neutral comet assay, immunodetection of phosphorylated H2AX (γ‐H2AX) and the Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) to detect DNA strand breaks in testicular cells and spermatozoa at different times following in vivo X‐ray irradiation. Radiation produced DNA strand breaks in testicular cells that were repaired within the first few hours after exposure. Spermatozoa were resistant to the induction of DNA damage, but non‐targeted DNA lesions were detected in spermatozoa derived from surviving irradiated spermatogonia. These lesions formed while round spermatids started to elongate within the testicular seminiferous tubules. The transcription of pro‐apoptotic genes at this time was also enhanced, suggesting that an apoptotic‐like process was involved in DNA break production. Our results suggest that proliferating spermatogonia retain a memory of the radiation insult that is recognized at a later developmental stage and activates a process leading to DNA fragmentation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The frequency of Pig‐a mutant red blood cells in rats exposed in utero to N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea
Authors: Dobrovolsky Vasily N. , Heflich Robert H. , Ferguson Sherry A.
Published: June 2012

The Pig‐a assay has been developed as a rapid sensitive measure of gene mutation in adult rats; however, no data exist on its ability to detect mutation following in utero exposures or in neonatal animals. Pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats were treated daily on gestational days 12–18 with oral doses of 0, 6, or 12 mg/kg/day N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea (ENU); following parturition, the offspring and dams were monitored over a period of 5 months for the frequency of CD59‐deficient erythrocytes as a marker of Pig‐a mutation. Significant dose‐related increases in Pig‐a mutant red blood cells (RBCs) were observed in ENU‐treated dams. However, only very weak increases in RBC Pig‐a mutant frequency (MF) were noted in offspring treated in utero with the lower ENU dose. The higher ENU dose produced extremely variable responses in the offspring as a function of age, even among littermates, ranging from a steady low or moderately high Pig‐a MF to a rapidly increasing or decreasing Pig‐a MF. The manifestation kinetics of Pig‐a mutant RBCs in the offspring suggest that the change from predominantly hepatic to predominantly bone marrow erythropoiesis that occurs during early development may have contributed to this variability. Our results indicate that using the RBC Pig‐a model for mutation detection in animals treated in utero may require analysis of multiple offspring from the same litter to account for potential “jack pot” effects, and that detection of the earliest treatment effect (i.e., in neonates using the hepatic RBC fraction) may require optimization of blood processing. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. Published 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Estimation of the spatial distribution through the kernel indicator variogram
Authors: García‐Soidán Pilar , Menezes Raquel
Published: June 2012

The distribution function of a spatial random process provides the probability that the variable involved does not exceed a given threshold. Estimation of this function can be addressed in a parametric way, although the available data do not always support the distribution model assumption. Additional options for distribution approximation are based on applying the indicator kriging technique or the sill estimation, which demand assuming stationary conditions from the random process and also estimation of the indicator variogram. In this paper, the latter distribution approximation approaches will be redesigned, by previously establishing the appropriate application setting, so that characterization of the dependence structure will be reduced to the estimation of one indicator variogram for each threshold. Furthermore, a kernel‐type estimator is suggested for the latter aim, as a nonparametric alternative to Matheron's indicator variogram. Numerical studies for simulated data have been developed to illustrate the better performance of the kernel estimator, when compared with Matheron's one, as well as the behavior of the procedures described for estimation of the distribution function. Finally, an application is included, where the nitrate concentration in groundwater in the Beja district (Portugal) is measured, so that pollution risk maps of the referred region will have been generated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A projection method for the spectral solution of non‐homogeneous and incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Pierro Bastien Di , Abid Malek
Published: June 2012

This paper is devoted to the development of a parallel, spectral and second‐order time‐accurate method for solving the incompressible and variable density Navier–Stokes equations. The method is well suited for finite thickness density layers and is very efficient, especially for three‐dimensional computations. It is based on an exact projection technique. To enforce incompressibility, for a non‐homogeneous fluid, the pressure is computed using an iterative algorithm. A complete study of the convergence properties of this algorithm is done for different density variations. Numerical simulations showing, qualitatively, the capabilities of the developed Navier–Stokes solver for many realistic problems are presented. The numerical procedure is also validated quantitatively by reproducing growth rates from the linear instability theory in a three‐dimensional direct numerical simulation of an unstable, non‐homogeneous, flow configuration. It is also shown that, even in a turbulent flow, the spectral accuracy is recovered. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association study of GRIK1 gene polymorphisms in schizophrenia: case–control and family‐based studies
Authors: Hirata Yuko , Zai Clement C. , Souza Renan P. , Lieberman Jeffrey A. , Meltzer Herbert Y , Kennedy James L.
Published: June 2012

Glutamatergic function is one of the major hypotheses for schizophrenia. Within the glutamate system, the glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate‐1 (GRIK1) gene is thought to be particularly involved in schizophrenia because of the reported reduction of GRIK1 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients.

Objective

We examined single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GRIK1 gene for possible association with schizophrenia.

Methods

We analyzed eight SNPs across the GRIK1 gene in 202 case–control pairs and 108 small nuclear families.

Results

For the case–control study, we found nominal significant associations in the analysis of rs469472 (p = 0.028) and its haplotypes. In the family‐based study, nominal significant association was also observed for rs469472 (p = 0.046), as well as rs455892 (p = 0.024). The marker rs469472 was associated with schizophrenia when we combined the case–control and family samples (p = 0.027). The association findings did not survive correction for multiple testing.

Conclusions

Because we observed similar association findings with marker rs469472 in two independent samples, further analyses in larger samples are warranted. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An armed oncolytic herpes simplex virus expressing thrombospondin‐1 has an enhanced in vivo antitumor effect against human gastric cancer
Authors: Tsuji Toshiaki , Nakamori Mikihito , Iwahashi Makoto , Nakamura Masaki , Ojima Toshiyasu , Iida Takeshi , Katsuda Masahiro , Hayata Keiji , Ino Yasushi , Todo Tomoki , Yamaue Hiroki
Published: June 2012

Advanced gastric cancer is a common disease, but the conventional treatments are unsatisfactory because of the high recurrence rate. One of the promising new therapies is oncolytic virotherapy, using oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (HSVs). Thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1) suppresses tumor progression via multiple mechanisms including antiangiogenesis. Our approach to enhance the effects of oncolytic HSVs is to generate an armed oncolytic HSV that combines the direct viral oncolysis with TSP‐1‐mediated function for gastric cancer treatment. Using the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) system, a 3rd generation oncolytic HSV (T‐TSP‐1) expressing human TSP‐1 was constructed for human gastric cancer treatment. The enhanced efficacy of T‐TSP‐1 was determined in both human gastric cancer cell lines in vitro and subcutaneous tumor xenografts of human gastric cancer cells in vivo. In addition, we examined the apoptotic effect of T‐TSP‐1 in vitro, and the antiangiogenic effect of T‐TSP‐1 in vivo compared with a non‐armed 3rd generation oncolytic HSV, T‐01. No apparent apoptotic induction by T‐TSP‐1 was observed for human gastric cancer cell lines TMK‐1 cells but for MKN1 cells in vitro. Arming the viruses with TSP‐1 slightly inhibited their replication in some gastric cancer cell lines, but the viral cytotoxicity was not attenuated. In addition, T‐TSP‐1 exhibited enhanced therapeutic efficacy and inhibition of angiogenesis compared with T‐01 in vivo. In this study, we established a novel armed oncolytic HSV, T‐TSP‐1, which enhanced the antitumor efficacy by providing a combination of direct viral oncolysis with antiangiogenesis. Arming oncolytic HSVs may be a useful therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer therapy.
Induction of CD8 T‐cell responses restricted to multiple HLA class I alleles in a cancer patient by immunization with a 20‐mer NY‐ESO‐1f (NY‐ESO‐1 91‐110) peptide
Authors: Eikawa Shingo , Kakimi Kazuhiro , Isobe Midori , Kuzushima Kiyotaka , Luescher Immanuel , Ohue Yoshihiro , Ikeuchi Kazuhiro , Uenaka Akiko , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi , Udono Heiichiro , Oka Mikio , Nakayama Eiichi
Published: June 2012

Immunogenicity of a long 20‐mer NY‐ESO‐1f peptide vaccine was evaluated in a lung cancer patient TK‐f01, immunized with the peptide with Picibanil OK‐432 and Montanide ISA‐51. We showed that internalization of the peptide was necessary to present CD8 T‐cell epitopes on APC, contrasting with the direct presentation of the short epitope. CD8 T‐cell responses restricted to all five HLA class I alleles were induced in the patient after the peptide vaccination. Clonal analysis showed that B*35:01 and B*52:01‐restricted CD8 T‐cell responses were the two dominant responses. The minimal epitopes recognized by A*24:02, B*35:01, B*52:01 and C*12:02‐restricted CD8 T‐cell clones were defined and peptide/HLA tetramers were produced. NY‐ESO‐1 91‐101 on A*24:02, NY‐ESO‐1 92‐102 on B*35:01, NY‐ESO‐1 96‐104 on B*52:01 and NY‐ESO‐1 96‐104 on C*12:02 were new epitopes first defined in this study. Identification of the A*24:02 epitope is highly relevant for studying the Japanese population because of its high expression frequency (60%). High affinity CD8 T‐cells recognizing tumor cells naturally expressing the epitopes and matched HLA were induced at a significant level. The findings suggest the usefulness of a long 20‐mer NY‐ESO‐1f peptide harboring multiple CD8 T‐cell epitopes as an NY‐ESO‐1 vaccine. Characterization of CD8 T‐cell responses in immunomonitoring using peptide/HLA tetramers revealed that multiple CD8 T‐cell responses comprised the dominant response.
Oxidative inhibition of Hsp90 disrupts the super‐chaperone complex and attenuates pancreatic adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Sarkar Sayantani , Dutta Devawati , Samanta Suman Kumar , Bhattacharya Kaushik , Pal Bikas Chandra , Li Jinping , Datta Kaustubh , Mandal Chhabinath , Mandal Chitra
Published: June 2012

Pancreatic cancer is almost always fatal, in part because of its delayed diagnosis, poor prognosis, rapid progression and chemoresistance. Oncogenic proteins are stabilized by the Hsp90, making it a potential therapeutic target. We investigated the oxidative stress‐mediated dysfunction of Hsp90 and the hindrance of its chaperonic activity by a carbazole alkaloid, mahanine, as a strategic therapeutic in pancreatic cancer. Mahanine exhibited antiproliferative activity against several pancreatic cancer cell lines through apoptosis. It induced early accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to thiol oxidation, aggregation and dysfunction of Hsp90 in MIAPaCa‐2. N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine prevented mahanine‐induced ROS accumulation, aggregation of Hsp90, degradation of client proteins and cell death. Mahanine disrupted Hsp90‐Cdc37 complex in MIAPaCa‐2 as a consequence of ROS generation. Client proteins were restored by MG132, suggesting a possible role of ubiquitinylated protein degradation pathway. Surface plasmon resonance study demonstrated that the rate of interaction of mahanine with recombinant Hsp90 is in the range of seconds. Molecular dynamics simulation showed its weak interactions with Hsp90. However, no disruption of the Hsp90‐Cdc37 complex was observed at an early time point, thus ruling out that mahanine directly disrupts the complex. It did not impede the ATP binding pocket of Hsp90. Mahanine also reduced in vitro migration and tube formation in cancer cells. Further, it inhibited orthotopic pancreatic tumor growth in nude mice. Taken together, these results provide evidence for mahanine‐induced ROS‐mediated destabilization of Hsp90 chaperone activity resulting in Hsp90‐Cdc37 disruption leading to apoptosis, suggesting its potential as a specific target in pancreatic cancer.
Estrogen receptor‐β gene polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk: Effect modified by body mass index and isoflavone intake
Authors: Honma Naoko , Yamamoto Ken , Ohnaka Keizo , Morita Makiko , Toyomura Kengo , Kono Suminori , Muramatsu Masaaki , Arai Tomio , Ueki Takashi , Tanaka Masao , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Maehara Yoshihiko , Okamura Takeshi , Ikejiri Koji , Futami Kitaroh , Maekawa Takafumi , Yasunami Yohichi , Takenaka Kenji , Ichimiya Hitoshi , Terasaka Reiji
Published: June 2012

Estrogen receptor (ER)‐β signaling has generally been implicated in protection against colorectal cancer. The ER‐β gene cytosine‐adenine (ESR2 CA) repeat polymorphism was reported to be associated with colorectal cancer, although showing contradicting results probably caused by ethnicity or age distribution of the subjects. We investigated the association between this polymorphism and the colorectal cancer risk in a community‐based case‐control study in Japan (685 cases/778 controls), including only subjects younger than 75. The effect modifications of the body mass index (BMI) and isoflavone intake were also examined. ESR2 CA repeat polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction using fluorescein‐labeled primers. CA repeat alleles were classified into short (S) allele (<22 repeats) and long (L) allele (≥22 repeats). Subjects were divided into three genotype groups (SS/SL/LL). The risk of colon cancer, but not of rectal cancer, was increased with an increasing number of L alleles among postmenopausal women; age‐adjusted odds ratio (OR) for SL and LL genotypes compared with the SS genotype were 1.78 and 2.91, respectively (trend p = 0.002). Increased risks of colon cancer associated with the L allele were more evident among postmenopausal women with low BMI (<25 kg m−2) or with high isoflavone intake. Such associations were not observed among men or premenopausal women. Having longer ESR2 CA repeat increases colon cancer risk among postmenopausal women younger than 75, possibly with modification of BMI and isoflavone intake. Aging and estrogenic condition may be important in the colon cancer pathogenesis associated with ESR2 CA repeat polymorphism.
Potentially estrogenic polychlorinated biphenyls congeners serum levels and its relation with lung cancer
Authors: Recio‐Vega Rogelio , Mendez‐Henandez Alejandra , Gabriel Antonio Padua y , Jacobo‐Avila Antonio , Portales‐Castanedo Arnulfo , Hernandez‐Gonzalez Sandra , Gallegos‐Arreola Martha Patricia , Ocampo‐Gomez Guadalupe
Published: June 2012

Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world. The main cause of lung cancer is cigarette smoke; however, other important genetic and environmental risk factors play a significant role in the development of lung cancer. Among these factors, occupational and accidental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been associated with an increased risk in lung cancer, suggesting that PCBs could be potent carcinogens. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between PCB exposure levels, CYP1A1 polymorphisms and the risk of lung cancer. This study enrolled newly diagnosed lung cancer patients. Environmental and occupational information related to the patients studied was collected. Blood samples were taken for the measurement of serum levels of 20 PCB congeners and for CYP1A1 polymorphism analysis. The serum levels of two PCB congeners with potential estrogenic activity were higher in lung cancer patients. The risk of lung cancer was found to correlate with age, gender, smoking history and with agricultural workers, as well as with congener 18. No differences were found in the frequency of CYP1A1 polymorphisms. Furthermore, we did not find a correlation between CYP1A1 polymorphisms and PCB serum levels. The high levels of PCB with estrogenic activity found in our cases, could promote lung cancer inducing cell proliferation in non‐neoplastic and neoplastic lung cells via ERβ; inducing the formation of DNA adducts, producing oxidative stress with the subsequent DNA damage and increasing the endogenous catechol levels by catechol‐O‐methyl transferase (COMT) inhibition. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution of bone density in the proximal femur and its association with hip fracture risk in older men: The osteoporotic fractures in men (MrOS) study
Authors: Yang Lang , Burton Annabel C , Bradburn Mike , Nielson Carrie M , Orwoll Eric S , Eastell Richard ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Group
Published: June 2012

This prospective case-cohort study aimed to map the distribution of bone density in the proximal femur and examine its association with hip fracture. We analyzed baseline quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scans in 250 men aged 65 years or older, which comprised a randomly-selected subcohort of 210 men and 40 cases of first hip fracture during a mean follow-up period of 5.5 years. We quantified cortical, trabecular, and integral volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and cortical thickness (CtTh) in four quadrants of cross-sections along the length of the femoral neck (FN), intertrochanter (IT), and trochanter (TR). In most quadrants, vBMDs and CtTh were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in cases compared to the subcohort and these deficits were present across the entire proximal femur. To examine the association of QCT measurements with hip fracture, we merged the two quadrants in the medial and lateral aspects of the FN, IT, and TR. At most sites, QCT measurements were associated significantly (p < 0.001) with hip fracture, the hazard ratio (HR) adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), and clinical site for a 1-SD decrease ranged between 2.28 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44–3.63) to 6.91 (95% CI, 3.11–15.53). After additional adjustment for total hip (TH) areal BMD (aBMD), trabecular vBMDs at the FN, TR, and TH were still associated with hip fracture significantly (p < 0.001), the HRs ranged from 3.21 (95% CI, 1.65–6.24) for the superolateral FN to 6.20 (95% CI, 2.71–14.18) for medial TR. QCT measurements alone or in combination did not predict fracture significantly (p > 0.05) better than TH aBMD. With an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.901 (95% CI, 0.852–0.950), the regression model combining TH aBMD, age, and trabecular vBMD predicted hip fracture significantly (p < 0.05) better than TH aBMD alone or TH aBMD plus age. These findings confirm that both cortical and trabecular bone contribute to hip fracture risk and highlight trabecular vBMD at the FN and TR as an independent risk factor. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Protective efficacy of ellagic acid on glycoproteins, hematological parameters, biochemical changes, and electrolytes in myocardial infarcted rats
Authors: Kannan M. Mari , Quine S. Darlin , Sangeetha T.
Published: June 2012

The cardioprotective property of ellagic acid in rats has been reported previously. The present study reveals the protective role of ellagic acid in biochemical parameters including serum iron, plasma iron binding capacity, uric acid, glycoprotein, and electrolytes along with hematological parameters. Rats were subcutaneously injected with isoproterenol (ISO) (100 mg/kg) for 2 days to induce myocardial infarction. ISO‐induced rats showed a significant increase in their levels of serum iron, serum uric acid, and blood glucose, and a significant decrease in their levels of plasma iron binding capacity, serum total protein, albumin/globulin ratio, and heart glycogen, when compared with normal control rats. The altered hematological parameters were also observed in ISO‐induced rats when compared with normal control rats. Pretreatment with ellagic acid at doses of 7.5 and 15 mg/kg produced significant beneficial effect by returning all the above‐mentioned biochemical and hematological parameters to near normal levels. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:270–275, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10:1002/jbt.21418
Demographic, laboratory, and operational variables that influence short‐ and long‐term plateletpheresis yields
Authors: Badami K. G. , Sesun M. , Basu A. , Absalom N.
Published: June 2012

We studied the demographic, laboratory, and operational parameters that might influence individual, as well as average, plateletpheresis yields. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that 25.4% and 11.6% of variability, among males and females, respectively, in individual yields was explained by the platelet count prior to that donation and 55% of the variation in mean platelet yields (PYs) was explained by the pre‐first donation platelet count, the first donation PY and the body mass index (BMI). Logistic regression analysis showed that donors with first donation PYs higher, compared to those with lower yields, than the median of all mean PYs were more likely to be relatively high platelet yielders over the long term. A statistically significant, although clinically insignificant, decline in predonation platelet counts is seen in all donors regardless of the total number of donations or interdonation interval. Donors with high pre‐first donation platelet counts, first donation yields, and BMI are likely to be consistent good platelet yielders. J. Clin. Apheresis 27:247–254, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alliance Building and Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Authors: Ronningstam Elsa
Published: June 2012

Building a therapeutic alliance with a patient with pathological narcissism or narcissistic personality disorder is a challenging process. A combined alliance building and diagnostic strategy is outlined that promotes patients’ motivation and active engagement in identifying their own problems. The main focus is on identifying grandiosity, self‐regulatory patterns, and behavioral fluctuations in their social and interpersonal contexts while engaging the patient in meaningful clarifications and collaborative inquiry. A definition of grandiosity as a diagnostic characterological trait is suggested, one that captures self‐criticism, inferiority, and fragility in addition to superiority, assertiveness, perfectionism, high ideals, and self‐enhancing and self‐serving interpersonal behavior. These reformulations serve to expand the spectrum of grandiosity‐promoting strivings and activities, capture their fluctuations, and help clinicians attend to narcissistic individuals’ internal experiences and motivation as well as to their external presentation and interpersonal self‐enhancing, self‐serving, controlling, and aggressive behavior. A case example illustrates this process.
Unusual motion detected on real‐time sonography inside a glomus tumor in the thigh
Authors: Werner Jeff D. , Wright Chadwick L. , Iwenofu O. Hans , Patil Sumukh B. , Yuh William T.C.
Published: June 2012

Glomus tumors are rare and many have been reported to have a hypervascular appearance on color or power Doppler sonography. We report a pathologically proven case of superficial glomus tumor within the thigh with no detectable color flow signals on color or power Doppler sonography. In addition, real‐time sonography showed spontaneous motions within the tumor, which were not synchronized with vascular or respiratory motions, and misled the presurgical diagnosis of a suspected parasite in a patient who had direct contact with multiple animal species. The etiology of this internal motion remains hypothetical but, if reconfirmed, this finding may be a useful adjunctive sign for the diagnosis of glomus tumors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2013
Granular cell tumor in a male breast: Mammographic, sonographic, and pathologic features
Authors: Patel Hiten B. , Leibman A. Jill
Published: June 2012

Granular cell tumor (myoblastoma) is a rare soft tissue tumor that can present in the breast, producing mammographic and physical exam findings that may be indistinguishable from breast carcinoma. Multifocal lesions in male patients are very unusual. We present a case of a male patient with a granular cell tumor of the breast that was imaged on mammography and sonography. Definitive diagnosis was made with ultrasound‐guided core biopsy followed by surgical excision. On clinical examination, the patient demonstrated multiple subcutaneous lesions that were also found to represent granular cell tumor. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2013
Development of yolk sac and chorioallantoic membranes in the Lord Howe Island skink, Oligosoma lichenigerum
Authors: Stewart James R. , Russell Kylie J. , Thompson Michael B.
Published: June 2012

Development of the yolk sac of squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) differs from other amniote lineages in the pattern of growth of extraembryonic mesoderm, which produces a cavity, the yolk cleft, within the yolk. The structure of the yolk cleft and the accompanying isolated yolk mass influence development of the allantois and chorioallantoic membrane. The yolk cleft of viviparous species of the Eugongylus group of scincid lizards is the foundation for an elaborate yolk sac placenta; development of the yolk cleft of oviparous species has not been studied. We used light microscopy to describe the yolk sac and chorioallantoic membrane in a developmental series of an oviparous member of this species group, Oligosoma lichenigerum. Topology of the extraembryonic membranes of late stage embryos differs from viviparous species as a result of differences in development of the yolk sac. The chorioallantoic membrane encircles the egg of O. lichenigerum but is confined to the embryonic hemisphere of the egg in viviparous species. Early development of the yolk cleft is similar for both modes of parity, but in contrast to viviparous species, the yolk cleft of O. lichenigerum is transformed into a tube‐like structure, which fills with cells. The yolk cleft originates as extraembryonic mesoderm is diverted from the periphery of the egg into the yolk sac cavity. As a result, a bilaminar omphalopleure persists over the abembryonic surface of the yolk. The bilaminar omphalopleure is ultimately displaced by intrusion of allantoic mesoderm between ectodermal and endodermal layers. The resulting chorioallantoic membrane has a similar structure but different developmental history to the chorioallantoic membrane of the embryonic hemisphere of the egg. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of different cultivation methods on carbohydrate and lipid compositions and digestibility of energy of fruits and vegetables
Authors: Jørgensen Henry , Bach Knudsen Knud Erik , Lauridsen Charlotte
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND: Environmental as well as cultivation factors may greatly influence the chemical composition of plants. The main factors affecting the chemical composition of foodstuff are level and type of fertilizer (conventional and organic cultivation systems), location or soil type, and year of harvest. Organic foods are defined as products that are produced under controlled cultivation conditions characterized by the absence of synthetic fertilisers and very restricted use of pesticides. Very limited information is available regarding the impact of organic cultivation systems on the composition of carbohydrates and fatty acids of fruits and vegetables. The objective was to investigate the influence of organic and conventional cultivation systems on the carbohydrate and fatty acid composition and digestibility of the energy of apple, carrot, kale, pea, potato, and rape seed oil.

RESULTS: Carbohydrate and lignin values ranged from 584 g kg−1 dry matter in kale to 910 g kg−1 DM in potato, but with significant differences in the proportion of sugars, starch, non‐starch polysaccharides, and lignin between the foodstuffs. Triacylglycerol was the major lipid class in pea, with 82% of total fatty acids, as opposed to apple, with only 35% of fatty acids of the ether extract. The most important factor influencing the digestibility of energy, and consequently faecal bulking, was the content of dietary fibre.

CONCLUSION: The cultivation system had minor impact on the carbohydrate and lipid composition in the investigated foodstuffs or on the digestibility of energy when assessed in the rat model. Faecal bulking was related to dietary fibre in a linear fashion. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Simplifying complex PTSD: Comment on Resick et al. (2012)
Authors: Bryant Richard A.
Published: June 2012

Although constructs related to complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) have been discussed for many years, the field still lacks reliable and standardized definitions to guide research in this field. This comment responds to the article by Resick et al. (2012), who conclude that CPTSD lacks sufficient support to be recognized as a diagnosis. Even though there is no doubt that research is lacking, this comment argues that the key to progressing the field is introducing a standardized definition that will allow researchers to understand CPTSD in relation to other trauma‐related disorders, identify key mechanisms driving the condition, and further treatment programs specifically for patients with CPTSD.
Passion and purpose: Leading from the inside out
Authors: Love Alaina
Published: June 2012

Love believes that leadership requires self‐discovery. “Deep awareness of the skills, talents, and knowledge that shape you is important,” she writes, “but you must also know the inner purpose and passions that drive you so that you're able to inspire the people you lead.” Three factors are described that help leaders to leave a lasting legacy, while unleashing energy: personal fulfillment is directly connected to motivation at work; fulfillment escalates if there is an opportunity to translate purpose in life to work contributions; and the attainment of purpose/passion should be part of an organization's dialogue.
Consumers’ Views of Feng Shui: Antecedents and Behavioral Consequences
Authors: Luk Chung‐Leung , Wan Wendy W. N. , Chow Raymond P. M. , Chow Cheris W. C. , Fam Kim‐Shyan , Wu Peiguan , Kim Sarang
Published: June 2012

Consumers have three views about Feng Shui: instrumental, spiritual, and minimalist. According to the instrumental view, Feng Shui arrangements can affect luck and fortune. The spiritual view treats Feng Shui as part of one's spiritual life and cultural identification. The minimalist view dismisses Feng Shui as superstition. We developed psychometric scales for measuring these three views and the intention to make Feng Shui–related purchase, and conducted two studies to establish the reliability and validity of these scales. The participants in Study 1 were 331 university students; 180 working adults were the participants in Study 2. These three views of Feng Shui have different antecedents. Their effects on the intention to make Feng Shui–related purchase are also different. The effect of the instrumental view is positive and the strongest, but that of the spiritual view and the minimalist view is weakly positive and negative, respectively. The marketing implications of these findings are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.