bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Håndverk og fagspråk i pedagogisk arbeid
Authors: Pettersvold Mari , Østrem Solveig
Published: November 2020

ResumeHandling og språk kan forstås som hverandres gjensidige forutsetninger for nye erkjennelser, og for profesjonsutøvelse. I denne artikkelen gjør vi et forsøk på å sammenligne den dyktige pedagogen med den dyktige håndverkeren, nærmere bestemt glassblåseren. Vi spør deretter hva som kjennetegner et fagspråk som både er tilstrekkelig presist og har praktisk relevans for pedagogens arbeid. Diskusjonen er basert på pedagogers fortellinger om barn som motsetter seg det som er planlagt, og om hvordan pedagogene håndterer situasjonene. Konteksten for studien er dagsaktuelle diskusjoner om profesjonalisering, akademisering og politisering av barnehagefeltet.AbstractAction and language can be seen as each other’s reciprocal conditions for new knowledge, and for professional practice. In this article we try to compare the skilled pedagogue or preschool teacher with the skilled craftsman, more precisely the glassblower. Then we ask what characterizes a professional language that is both sufficiently precise and has practical relevance for preschool teachers’ work. The discussion is based on preschool teachers’ stories about children who oppose what is planned, and how the teachers handle the situations. The study may be seen in light of current discussions about professionalization of pedagogic work, academization and the politicization of the early childhood field.
Pædagogik, magt og myndiggørelse
Authors: Redaktionelt Redaktionelt
Published: November 2020

Intet
Makt og myndighet i pedagogisk utøvelse av medvirkningspraksis – saksbehandleres samhandling med ungdom i barnevernet
Authors: Jensen Gro
Published: November 2020

ResuméProblemstillingen i artikkelen omfatter hvordan makt og myndighet fordeles i samhandling mellom saksbehandlere og ungdom, i møter innrammet av makt i barnevernet. En underliggende argumentasjon angår betydningen av pedagogens refleksjon over egen praksis, som kan utvide det pedagogiske handlingsrommet i barnevernet. Det empiriske grunnlaget er en ph.d-studie om Flipover-metoden som en brukermedvirkende tilnærming for ungdom i barnevernet. Barnevernets virksomhet preges av asymmetriske posisjoner, der maktutøvelsen kan være både åpen og skjult. Jeg ser på maktformer i barnevern, og belyser brukermedvirkning som praktisk-pedagogisk utøvelse i barnevernet. Gjennomgående benyttes empiriske eksempler fra intervjuer med saksbehandlere og ungdom i studien. AbstractThe article discusses power and authority in interaction between professionals and youth in a Norwegian child welfare context. An underlying aim is to highlight the importance of the professional’s reflection on their own pedagogical actions, in order to improve practices in child welfare services. The empirical foundation is a PhD study of user participation in a Norwegian network approach, named Flipover. This approach intends to increase youth´s participation in problem solving in child welfare. Characteristic for child welfare activities are asymmetric positions and hidden power through the professionals’ beliefs and assumptions in problem solving. Power in child welfare can also be a productive and positive force. Empirical examples from interviews with social workers and youth in the study illustrate some of the issues. Reflective practice as a shared activity with colleagues, researchers and service users of child welfare, can qualify and expand the pedagogic leeway in child welfare systems.
Professionalismens spændingsfelt – om principledet professionalisme i udviklingen af den pædagogiske læreplan i dagtilbud
Authors: Hansen Naja Fibiger
Published: November 2020

Øvrig forfatter: Peter Møller Pedersen, ph.d. Uddannelsesdirektør, University College Nordjylland ResuméI denne artikel fremlægges resultaterne af forsknings- og udviklingsprojektet ”Principledet professionalisme i udviklingen af den pædagogiske læreplan i dagtilbud”. Projektet handler om, hvordan man på en professionel og pædagogisk måde kan arbejde med en styrket pædagogisk læreplan i dagtilbud.  Projektet er gennemført som professionscirkler med et integreret forskningsspor i samarbejde med to daginstitutioner i Aarhus Kommune. Formålet har været at finde spor af en ny form for professionalisme, en professionalisme, den britiske professionsforsker Ivor Goodson kalder ”principledet professionalisme”. Det er en form for professionalisme, der hviler på sociale og etiske principper, og som fastholder de professionelles fagpersonlige engagement i et åbent samarbejde med omverdenen.  I professionscirklerne i projektet findes der klare empiriske spor af en principledet professionalisme i det, vi kalder professionalismens spændingsfelt. Gennem projektet udvikles en tankefigur, der kan være med til at identificere elementerne i den principledede professionalisme. Tankefiguren kan bruges i den løbende refleksion i det pædagogiske arbejde og som grundlag for en løbende dokumentation og evaluering af praksis.AbstractThis article presents the results of the research and development project “Principled Professionalism in the Development of the Educational Curriculum in Early Childhood Education”. The purpose of the project was (1) to find ways of working in a professional and pedagogical way with “the bolstered educational curriculum” which is on the verge of being implemented in Denmark and (2) to examine if there would be signs of what Ivar Goodson calls “principled professionalism”.  We organized five profession-circle sessions in cooperation with two daycare centers in Aarhus Municipality. During those sessions we found clear signs of professionalism grounded on social and ethical purposes which can maintain the professionals’ professional commitment in an open collaboration with the outside world. A figure is developed in order to identify the elements of principled professionalism. The figure can be used in the continuous reflection of pedagogical work and as the basis for continuous documentation and evaluation of practice, and might be helpful in the further process of translation of the bolstered educational curriculum into practice.
Digitale teknologiers kulturkraft i daginstitutionen
Authors: Schrøder Vibeke
Published: November 2020

Digitale teknologiers kulturkraft i daginstitutionen undersøger den kulturelle produktion og reproduktion i daginstitutionen og inkluderer teknologier som en aktiv kulturel aktør. De empiriske data, der ligger til grund for analysen, stammer fra et praksisnært forsknings- og udviklingsprojekt initieret i 2014 af Ministeriet for Børn, Ligestilling, Integration og Sociale Forhold. Formålet med artiklen er at bidrage til en brugsbaseret forståelse af praksis med digitale teknologier i daginstitutionen. Analysen af de empiriske data viser børn, der omformer teknologierne til brug for leg og humor i børnefællesskabet. Når børn og pædagoger deltager i den samme aktivitet med digitale teknologier, er der en tendens til, at pædagogernes kultur og tolkning af teknologierne dominerer aktiviteten. Pædagogerne har en faglighed, der forstår værdierne i børnefællesskaberne, men deres teknologiforståelse er overvejende instrumentel. Dette skygger for en aktiv teknologiforståelse og for professionelle analyser af teknologiernes kulturkraft – både i relation til hverdagslivet i institutionen og i relation til de samfundsmæssige kampe i barnefeltet om vægtningen mellem børns leg og en læringsdagsorden.

AbstractDigital technology as a cultural force in the day-care institution investigates the culture production and reproduction in the institution while including technology as an active cultural actor. The empirical data used in the analysis stem from a practice-oriented research and development project initiated by the Ministry for Children and Social Affairs in 2014. The aim of this article is to contribute to a user-oriented understanding of practices involving digital technologies in the day-care institution. Analysis of the empirical data shows children using and transforming digital technologies for the purposes of play and humor in the child community. When children and pedagogues are engaging in the same activity, there is a tendency that the culture of the pedagogues and their perception of the technologies dominate the setting. The pedagogues do have a professional comprehension of the values in the community of the children, but their comprehension of the digital technologies are predominantly instrumental. This prevents an active technology comprehension and a professional analysis of the cultural role of the technologies – in the actual day-care setting as well as in relation to the general societal struggles in the day-care field between emphasizing children’s play or the agenda of learning.
Arrangementet som pædagogisk handlingsform
Authors: Jacobsen Gro Hellesdatter , Larsen Doris Overgaard , Nielsen Ole Steen
Published: November 2020

ResuméMed skolereformen fra 2014 har pædagoger fået en ny rolle i skolen, hvor de bl.a. varetager ”understøttende undervisning”. Det er dog stadig ikke helt klart, hvad pædagoger kan bidrage med i skolen, og hvordan deres bidrag forholder sig til lærernes. Med denne artikel præsenterer vi, med udgangspunkt i et almenpædagogisk perspektiv, et mere udfoldet bud på, hvad pædagoger kan bidrage med i skolen, og særligt hvordan de kan bidrage til at mindske marginalisering af børn. Vi argumenterer for, at pædagoger frem for at benytte sig af tydeligt instruerede aktiviteter, der minder om lærernes undervisning, med fordel kan benytte sig af arrangementet som en pædagogisk handlingsform, hvor den pædagogiske intention bevidst holdes svag for børnene. Hermed kan pædagoger bruge deres pædagogiske faglighed til at fremme børns medvirken i egne lærings- og dannelsesprocesser samt mindske marginalisering i skole og SFO.

AbstractThe Danish school reform (2014) has given pedagogues (social educators) a new role in primary schools, where they among other things provide "supportive teaching". However, it is still not quite clear how pedagogues contribute and how their contribution relates to that of the teachers. Based on a general pedagogical theoretical perspective, we propose a more detailed description of pedagogues’ contribution in the school context, with a particular focus on reducing marginalization of children. We argue that pedagogues, rather than using clearly instructed activities similar to teachers' lessons, should make use of ”the pedagogical arrangement” as a form of action, in which the pedagogues’ intention is deliberately kept subtle. In this way, pedagogues may use their pedagogical expertise to promote children's involvement in their own learning and Bildung processes and to reduce marginalization in schools and school-based leisure time facilities.
Optimisme og handlekraft
Authors: Buus Anne Mette
Published: November 2020

ResuméMetoder deklareret som evidensbaserede vinder frem i danske daginstitutioner båret af politiske ambitioner om en pædagogik baseret på videnskabelig viden om, hvad der virker. Evidensbegrebet anvendes i denne sammenhæng til at signalere, at effekten af en specifik indsats er målt med en videnskabelig præcision, der gør det muligt at forudsige dens virkning, uanset hvor den anvendes. Artiklen har som formål at udfordre en sådan forståelse af evidens og som alternativ at tilbyde en forståelse af evidens som et fænomen, der konstitueres og virker som del af en situeret politisk, social og kulturel praksis. Med afsæt i empiri fra et etnografisk feltarbejde og inspiration fra Aktør-Netværk-Teori undersøges i artiklen, hvordan den evidensbaserede metode De Utrolige År tildeles relevans og handlekraft på en national konference om evidens, til undervisning i metoden og i en børnehave. I disse sammenhænge stabiliseres metoden i kraft af sin status som evidensbaseret som en hensigtsmæssig del af en dansk småbørnspædagogik. De stabiliserende kræfter er ikke specifikke forskningsdesigns eller forskningsresultater men derimod attraktive og statusgivende rationaler og identiteter, som tildeler pædagogikken optimisme og status. Artiklen peger på, hvordan en evidensbaseret metode som et magtfuldt og virksomt fænomen i en dansk småbørnspædagogik ikke bliver til og virker i kraft af en iboende kvalitet, men er et resultat af metodens forbindelser til aktører af både politisk, ideologisk, emotionel og materiel art.

AbstractEvidence-based methods are becoming increasingly widespread in Danish early childhood education driven by political ambitions about a pedagogy based on scientific studies about “what works”. The concept of evidence signals a scientific precision that makes it possible to predict a specific outcome. Such assumptions are challenged in this paper, and an alternative perspective is offered, inspired by theoretical perspectives from Actor-Network-Theory and data from ethnographical fieldwork. Through an analysis of the evidence-based method “The Incredible Years” in three different contexts, the paper explores how evidence-based methods are stabilized as the right and only thing to do. In these contexts, evidence is not linked to research results or relevance criteria but to attractive rationalities and identities which assigns optimism and power to early childhood education. As such the paper argues that evidence as a dominant part of Danish early childhood education is not the result of an essential quality, but the result of multiple other actors of various kinds - political, ideological, emotional, and material.
Pædagogisk ekspertise og kvalitet i fritidsinstitutionerne
Authors: Stæhr Mette Høgh , Madsen Lisbeth
Published: November 2020

ResumeDet pædagogiske arbejde med børn og unge i fritidsinstitutionerne har de senere år politisk, økonomisk, kompetenceudviklingsmæssigt og forskningsmæssigt været nedprioriteret til trods for institutionernes samfundsmæssige rolle og betydning for børn og unge. Denne artikel diskuterer, hvilken betydning dette har for den faglige ekspertise på området. Gennem analyse af empiri indsamlet i forbindelse med et projekt vedrørende kompetenceudvikling på det fritidspædagogiske område, beskriver artiklen den faglige udvikling i praksis, hvilken viden henholdsvis pædagoger, ledere og organisationer fremhæver som essentiel, hvad dette kan være et udtryk for, og hvorfor netop denne viden sættes i tæt relation til drøftelser vedrørende pædagogisk ekspertise samt kvalitet i fritidsinstitutionerne. Med afsæt i analyser fra en gennemført undersøgelse er artiklens pointe, at pædagogisk kvalitet i fritidsinstitutionerne tager udgangspunkt i pædagogfaglig viden og situationsbunden kundskab om børne- og ungegruppers divergerende hverdagsliv, institutionsliv og interessefællesskaber.

Abstract Pedagogical expertise and quality in leisure institutionsWithin the last few years social pedagogical work among children and young people in after school clubs and -centers have not been prioritized politically and economically, with regard to continuing education and when it comes to research despite the societal role and importance these institutions have for the development of children and young people. The article discusses the possible consequences this has had for professional expertise in the field through an analysis of empirical data collected in relation to the project: ‘development of professional courses to professionals working within the field of after school clubs and centres.’ The article takes the reader through a description of the field within the last few years to an analysis of the knowledge that pedagogues, leaders and various organizations evaluate as needed. We will point out that good quality must be found in the relation between knowledge on the one side and capable professionals on the other.
Faglige fyrtårne
Authors: Jensen Charlotte Riis , Preus Marianne
Published: November 2020

ResuméArtiklens ærinde er at undersøge hvordan fænomenet fagligt fyrtårn, der blev introduceret i forbindelse med den nationale kompetenceudvikling på dagtilbudsområdet i 2018, konstrueres blandt ledere, medarbejdere og fyrtårne, samt at identificere de udfordringer, muligheder og dilemmaer der knytter sig hertil. Artiklen bygger på interviews med faglige fyrtårne, ledere og kolleger. Analysen viser, at de faglige fyrtårne konstrueres på mangfoldige måder gennem de positioner de forhandler sig frem til og bliver givet i det pågældende samarbejde. Artiklens metodologiske afsæt er inspireret af socialkonstruktionistisk erkendelsesteori, hvor virkeligheden anskues som et socialt konstrueret fænomen. I artiklen bliver fænomenet faglige fyrtårne sat i perspektiv i forhold til forståelsen af en intern og ekstern professionsforståelse og artiklen afsluttes med at fremhæve fire fremtrædende analytiske positioner; faglige fyrtårne som lyskastere, eksperter, facilitatorer og forandringskraft.

AbstractVocational lighthouses - a growing phenomenon in daycare institutionsThe purpose of this article is to examine the ways in which the phenomenon vocational lighthouse, introduced in reference to the national competence initiatives in daycare in 2018, is constructed among leaders, employees and vocational lighthouses and to identify challenges, possibilities, and dilemmas related to the position. The article is based on several interviews from vocational lighthouses, leaders and colleagues. The analysis shows that the vocational lighthouses are constructed in specific and multifarious ways, closely connected to the context and the negotiated positions in which they participate in the local collaboration. Methodologically the article is inspired by social constructionist theory, whereby reality is viewed as a socially constructed phenomenon. The article places the vocational lighthouses in an understanding of an internal and external profession, and in conclusion, the article highlights four salient positions: vocational lighthouses as light-casters, experts, facilitators and change enforcers.
Kronik
Authors: Philipson Lotte
Published: November 2020

Indhold: Franz Grillparzer 1791 – 1872; Danske Bogbinder Signaturer; Danske breve i Universitetsbiblioteket i Oslo; Glæde over Danmark - Gave til Det kongelige Bibliotek; MAGNUS 1992; Fhv. rigsbibliotekar Palle Birkelund fyldte 80 år; Erhvervelser; Besøg; Udlån til udstillinger; Personalia;
Lower Bounds for Dynamic Programming on Planar Graphs of Bounded Cutwidth
Authors: Van Geffen Bas , Jansen Bart , De Kroon Arnoud , Morel Rolf
Published: November 2020

Many combinatorial problems can be solved in time $\mathcal{O}^*(c^{\mathrm{tw}})$ on graphs of treewidth $\mathrm{tw}$, for a problem-specific constant $c$. In several cases, matching upper and lower bounds on $c$ are known based on the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH). In this paper we investigate the complexity of solving problems on graphs of bounded cutwidth, a graph parameter that takes larger values than treewidth. We strengthen earlier treewidth-based lower bounds to show that, assuming SETH, $\rm{I{\small NDEPENDENT}~S{\small ET}}$ cannot be solved in $O^*((2-\varepsilon)^{\mathrm{ctw}})$ time, and $\rm{D{\small OMINATING}~S{\small ET}}$ cannot be solved in $O^*((3-\varepsilon)^{\mathrm{ctw}})$ time. By designing a new crossover gadget, we extend these lower bounds even to planar graphs of bounded cutwidth or treewidth. Hence planarity does not help when solving $\rm{I{\small NDEPENDENT}~S{\small ET}}$ or $\rm{D{\small OMINATING}~S{\small ET}}$ on graphs of bounded width. This sharply contrasts the fact that in many settings, planarity allows problems to be solved much more efficiently.
Jaunu metožu izveide aminospirtu sintēzei un C–H funkcionalizēšanai. New Methods for the Synthesis and C–H Functionalization of Amino Alcohols
Authors:   , Boļšakova Jekaterina
Published: November 2020

Etīnilglicinola atvasinājumi A ir vērtīgi būvbloki farmaceitiski nozīmīgu savienojumu un dabasvielu totālajā sintēzē. Aminospirti ir daudzu farmaceitiski nozīmīgu savienojumu un dabas vielu struktūrelementi, tāpēc metodes aminospirtu modificēšanai ir ļoti pieprasītas. Īpaši pievilcīga ir aminospirtu transformēšana, izmantojot C–H saites funkcionalizēšanu, jo tā ļauj iegūt kompleksus atvasinājumus salīdzinoši īsā sintēzē, izmantojot katalītisku pārejas metāla katalizatora daudzumu. Promocijas darba mērķis ir jaunu sintēzes metožu izveide etīnilglicīnolu sintēzei un fenilglicīnolu C–H funkcionalizēšanai, izmantojot kobalta katalizatoru. Pētījumu rezultātā izstrādātas jaunas metodes etīnilglicīnola atvasinājumu sintēzei: 1) bis-imidātu iekšmolekulāra propargiliskā aizvietošanās reakcija demonstrēta racēmisku un enantiobagātinātu etīnilglicīnolu iegūšanai; 2) etīnilglikolu kobalta kompleksu Ritter reakcija izmantota C-kvaternāro etīnilglicīnolu iegūšanai; 3) demonstrēti jauni apstākļi alkīna-kobalta kompleksa nošķelšanai, izmantojot DDQ oksidētāju; 4) izstrādāta jauna un efektīva metode pikolīnamīda virzītai, kobalta katalizētai fenilglicīnolu C–H funkcionalizēšanai ar diaizvietotiem un terminālajiem alkīniem. Metode piemērota reģioselektīvai enantiobagātinātu dihidroizohinolīna atvasinājumu sintēzei.
No atjaunojamām izejvielām iegūtu poliuretāna putuplasta un nano izmēra dabas izcelsmes pildvielu kompozītu īpašības
Authors:   , Kirpļuks Miķelis
Published: November 2020

Cietais poliuretāna putuplasts tiek plaši pielietots kā siltumizolācijas materiāls celtniecības industrijā, kā arī saldētavu un ledusskapju ražošanā. Mainot cietā poliuretāna putuplasta ražošanas tehnoloģiju, ir iespējams palielināt tā mehāniskās īpašības, lai to varētu pielietot kā trieciena absorbcijas materiālu autobūves industrijā. Izstrādājot cietā poliuretāna putuplasta nano-kompozītus ir iespējams vēl vairāk uzlabot tā mehāniskās īpašības. Kaut arī ir iespējams iegūt cieto poliuretāna putuplastu no atjaunojamām izejvielām, vairums no rūpnieciski ražotā cietā poliuretāna putuplasta tiek iegūts, izmantojot naftas pārstrādes produktus. Dotajā promocijas darbā augstas efektivitātes cietais poliuretāna putuplasta materiāls tika iegūts no atjaunojamām izejvielām, kā arī no pārstrādāta PET polimēra. Lai cieto poliuretāna putuplastu varētu izmantot kā celtniecības materiālu, tam ir jāatbilst noteiktai uguns reakcijas klasei. Lai varētu izturēt attiecīgos materiāla uguns reakcijas testus, materiāla sastāvā tiek iekļautas liesmu slāpējošas vielas – antipirēni. Vairums izmantoto antipirēnu ir halogēnu grupu saturošas vielas, kuru izmantošana ir saistīta ar negatīvu ietekmi uz cilvēka veselību. Promocijas darbā tika pētīta halogenēto antipirēnu aizstāšana ar “intumescentiem” antipirēniem no atjaunojamām izejvielām iegūtā cietā poliuretāna putuplastā. Promocijas darbā iegūtie rezultāti ir sadalīti trīs darba daļās: Pirmajā daļā tika izstrādāts cietais poliuretāna putuplasts ar paaugstinātām mehāniskajām īpašībām, kā arī tika iegūti cietā poliuretāna putuplasta un nano-mālu kompozīts. Potenciālais izstrādātā materiāla pielietojums ir triecien absorbcijas materiāls autobūves industrijā. Tika izstrādātas reāla izmēra automašīnas detaļas, kas tika testētas atbilstoši autobūves trieciena testiem. Otrajā darba daļā tika izstrādāts cietā poliuretāna putuplasta siltumizolācijas materiāls, izmantojot no atjaunojamām izejvielām, iegūts poliolus. Iegūtajā siltumizolācijas materiālā halogenētie antipirēni tika aizstāti ar mazāk kaitīgajiem “intumescentiem” antipirēniem. Trešajā darba daļā tika sintezēti un raksturoti augstas funkcionalitātes polioli. Kā atjaunojamās poliolu sintēzes izejvielas, tika izmantotas rapšu un tallu eļļas. Poliolu sintēze tika veikta divās fāzēs, kur sākumā taukskābju nepiesātinātās dubultsaites tika epoksidētas dažādos apstākļos. Pēc epoksīda grupu ievadīšanas, tās tika atvērtas ar dažādiem polifunkcionāliem spirtiem, kā arī vienlaikus tika veiktas transesterifikācijas/esterifikācijas reakcijas.
Development of Renewable Feedstock Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam and Nanoclay Composites
Authors:   , Kirpļuks Miķelis
Published: November 2020

Rigid PU foams are versatile material commonly applied as a thermal insulation material. It can be applied as an impact absorption material in the automotive industry if material with sufficient mechanical properties has been developed. Further increase in mechanical properties can be achieved by developing nano-reinforced rigid PU foams. Majority of commercially used rigid PU foams are produced from non-renewable petrochemical-based raw materials. Although, renewable feedstock, as well as recycled materials, can be used to obtain rigid PU foams with equal properties. In this work, several bio-based, as well as APP polyols, have been used to develop rigid PU foams. Rigid PU foam thermal insulation material has to fulfil demanding flammability requirements. This is achieved by the introduction of different flame retardants into the material structure from which most common are halogenated flame retardants. Halogenated flame retardants are associated with different health hazards, thus their phase-out from the market can be expected. A good alternative to halogenated flame retardants are intumescent flame retardant solutions. The results and discussion of this thesis are divided into three parts: Part 1 describes the development of high-density rigid PU foam material for application as impact absorption material in the automotive industry. Sustainable origin polyols have been used to develop rigid PU foams and their influence on mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the material has been studied. To further increase mechanical properties of the rigid PU foams a nano-composite with montmorillonite nano-clay was developed. Lastly, most optimal rigid PU foam formulations were upscaled to produce real scale automotive part, which was tested according to the European Union’s crash test requirements. Part 2 describes the development of rigid PU foam thermal insulation from bio-based polyols. Halogenated flame retardants were replaced using non-halogenated alternatives. Intumescent flame retardants, such as expandable graphite was used to significantly reduce the flammability of the rigid PU foam. Part 3; during high-density rigid PU foam development it was discovered that used bio-based polyols have too low OH group functionality. Thus, the functionality of the polyols was increased by developing different bio-polyol synthesis method. Rapeseed oil, as well as tall oil, were used as feedstock for high functionality bio-based polyol synthesis. The first step was an epoxidation of the unsaturated moieties of the bio-based oils. Afterwards, oxirane ring opening with different polyfunctional alcohols and simultaneous transesterification/esterification reactions were used to obtain desired polyol structures.
Aprites cikla novērtējums poliuretānu iegūšanā izmantotiem atjaunojamo izejvielu poliolu monomēriem
Authors:   , Fridrihsone Anda
Published: November 2020

Progresīvu jaunu materiālu un tehnoloģiju izstrāde no atjaunojamām izejvielām ir ārkārtīgi nepieciešama, jo, pieaugot sabiedrības rūpēm par globālo ilgtspēju, pasaule saskaras ar aizvien pieaugošu izaicinājumu dažādību. No poliuretāna polimēriem tiek ražots plašs materiālu klāsts, apmierinot vajadzības dažādās pielietojuma jomās: sākot no automobiļu rūpniecības, celtniecības, sadzīves iekārtām un līdz pat mēbeļu, jūras un medicīnas industrijām. Promocijas darba vispārīgais mērķis ir veikt visaptverošu “no šūpuļa līdz vārtiem” Aprites cikla novērtējumu rapšu eļļas polioliem, kas piemēroti poliuretāna materiālu ražošanai. Promocijas darbs ir sadalīts trīs daļās. Literatūras apskata (1. nodaļa) mērķis ir sniegt lasītājam īsu ievadu par ilgtspējības izaicinājumiem un par polimēriem uzsverot poliuretānus, kā arī par jaunākajiem sasniegumiem par poliuretāniem no dabas eļļām, un to vides novērtējumu. Literatūras apskats (1. nodaļa) īsumā izskaidro lasītājam ilgtspējības izaicinājumus, sniedz ievadu par plastmasām, īpaši poliuretāniem, un iepazīstina ar jaunākajiem sasniegumiem un vides novērtējumu poliuretānu, kas iegūti no dabīgām eļļām, jomā. Metodiskās daļas (2. nodaļa) mērķis ir sniegt lasītājam aprakstu par galveno Aprites cikla novērtējuma metodoloģiju rapšu eļļas biopoliolu analīzei. Disertācijas rezultāti un diskusija (3. nodaļa) ir sadalīta četrās daļās. 3. nodaļas 1. apakšnodaļā sniegta detalizēta Aprites cikla inventarizācija ziemas un vasaras rapša sēklu audzēšanai Latvijā kā gadījuma izpētes valstij Ziemeļeiropā. Detalizēta un padziļināta informācija par lauksaimniecības praksi pētāmajā reģionā, tika iegūta no liela lauksaimniecības uzņēmuma, kas atrodas Latvijas Zemgales reģionā. 3. nodaļas 2. apakšnodaļā sniegta Aprites cikla inventarizācija rapšu eļļas spiestuves posmam ar datiem no rapšu eļļas spiestuves Zemgales reģionā. Tika izmantotas dažādas sadales metodes, lai novērtētu to ietekmi uz rapšu eļļas biopoliolu ekoloģiskajiem raksturlielumiem un šo metožu piemērošanas sekām, ņemot vērā galvenos pētījuma mērķus. 3. nodaļas 3. apakšnodaļā veikts Aprites cikla ietekmes novērtējums ziemas un vasaras rapšu sēklu ražošanai un rapšu eļļas ieguvei. Ekoloģiskie raksturlielumi analizēti, izmantojot Kumulatīvo enerģijas pieprasījuma ietekmes rādītāju kopā ar ReCiPe ietekmes novērtēšanas metodi. Tika noteikti galvenie vides karstie punkti un veikta jutības pārbaude. 3. nodaļas 4. apakšnodaļā prezentēti divu rapšu eļļas biopoliolu aprites cikla novērtējuma rezultāti. Aprites cikla inventarizācijas pamatā ir eksperimentāli dati par poliolu sintēzi pilot-reaktorā (50 L). Aprites cikla inventarizācija dati tika ievākti no eksperimentāliem datiem no poliolu sintēzes pilot-mēroga (50 L) reaktorā. No atjaunojamām izejvielām iegūtie polioli tika salīdzināti ar ekvivalentu no naftas ķīmijas. Divi izstrādātie rapšu eļļas biopolioli tika analizēti izmantojot trīs dažādas sadales sistēmas atjaunojamās izejvielas ieguves posmam. Tika veikta jutības pārbaude.
Characteristics and Management of Pregnant Patients From a Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine/Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Clinic
Authors: Frank Leah D. , Bhatia Shalini , Snider Karen T.
Published: November 2020

Context

Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) is considered beneficial in the treatment of pregnant women, but few studies have outlined the presenting complaints and diagnoses that warrant consideration and utilization of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in this population.

Objective

To describe the characteristics of pregnant patients receiving OMM at a neuromusculoskeletal medicine (NMM)/OMM specialty outpatient clinic, for the purpose of identifying patients who would benefit from referral to NMM specialty clinics or to be considered for treatment by DOs in non-NMM specialty clinics.

Methods

Electronic health records were reviewed from a single clinic for a 3-year period from October 2015 through September 2018 for patient encounters involving patients with an International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision code for pregnancy. Data regarding patient demographics, payment methods, presenting complaints, treatment modalities, regions treated, and assessment diagnoses were collected and analyzed.

Results

Records showed 465 clinical encounters with 194 pregnant patients (mean [SD] number of encounters per patient, 2.4 [2.0]). The most common presenting complaints involved the back (371; 55.4%), hip and pelvis (99; 14.8%), neck (62; 9.3%), and head (54; 8.1%). The most common clinical assessments were lumbar and thoracic spine neuromusculoskeletal diagnoses (420; 53.0%). There were 2604 somatic dysfunction assessments documented; lumbar (409; 15.7%) and sacral (396; 15.2%) somatic dysfunction were most commonly assessed. There were 2518 OMT techniques documented, and muscle energy was most frequently used (406; 16.1%).

Conclusions

This data, which documents the most frequent presenting complaints of pregnant patients in an NMM/OMM clinic, may be used by clinicians to better understand the role of OMM as an obstetric adjunctive treatment approach and to identify conditions to investigate in future outcome studies.
Transcriptome and gene expression analysis ofRhynchophorus ferrugineus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) during developmental stages
Authors: Yang Hongjun , Xu Danping , Zhuo Zhihang , Hu Jiameng , Lu Baoqian
Published: November 2020

Background

Red palm weevil,Rhynchophorus ferrugineusOlivier, is one of the most destructive pests harming palm trees. However, genomic resources forR. ferrugineusare still lacking, limiting the ability to discover molecular and genetic means of pest control.

Methods

In this study, PacBio Iso-Seq and Illumina RNA-seq were used to generate transcriptome from three developmental stages ofR. ferrugineus(pupa, 7th-instar larva, adult) to increase the understanding of the life cycle and molecular characteristics of the pest.

Results

Sequencing generated 625,983,256 clean reads, from which 63,801 full-length transcripts were assembled with N50 of 3,547 bp. Expression analyses revealed 8,583 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Moreover, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly related to the peroxisome pathway which associated with metabolic pathways, material transportation and organ tissue formation. In summary, this work provides a valuable basis for further research on the growth and development, gene expression and gene prediction, and pest control ofR. ferrugineus.
Geometric Characterization of Fluvial Associated Braid Bar Deposits in the Niger Delta
Authors: Akana Tombra Susan , Oki Oyinkuro Austin
Published: November 2020

Remote sensing and GIS based results from the geometric characterization of braid bar deposits in the Niger Delta are presented in this work. In this study the geometry of 67- braid bar deposits from Landsat images of 1985 and 2015 were documented and compared to determine the relationship that exist between geometric dimensions and the amount of change that has occurred on them. The braid bars identified in this work are all associated with fluvial environment in the Niger Delta. Braid bars in 1985 are observed to be greater in length, width and area than those in 2015. R² values (0.6) indicate that a significant relationship exists between braid bar length and width. R² values also indicate a significant relationship exists between both length and area (0.7) and width and area (0.8) of the braid bars values within the study area. Thus, the utilization of width to predict the length and vice versa of braid bars is reasonable. Hence data from this study provides relevant information on size ranges that can be utilized for the efficient characterization, modelling and development of hydrocarbon reservoirs.
The Impact of Early Child Care and Development Education on Cognitive, Psychomotor, and Affective Domains of Learning
Authors: Dorji Phub , Gyeltshen Chencho , Sanyasi Geeta D. , Sithub Phub , Dema Tenzin , Yangzom . , Choden Yeshi
Published: November 2020

Aims: This study examined the impact of early child care and development (ECCD) education on psychomotor, affective and cognitive domains of learning in elementary school students.

Study Design:  This descriptive study employed qualitative and quantitative methods.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in five schools under Chukha Dzongkhag for a period of one year (2019-2020). 

Sample: This study involved a survey of teachers and observation of students in 5 schools of Chhukha district. Seventy three teachers were selected to fill out the questionnaire using homogenous sampling technique and 6 students were selected as participants for observation using simple random sampling technique.

Methodology: Quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires, and documents and artifacts while qualitative data were gathered through observation for this descriptive study. The data collected from questionnaire, document and artifact and observation were triangulated to facilitate validation of data through cross verification and strengthen the findings of the study.

Results: The results indicated positive impact of ECCD on elementary school students’ academic performance. In particular, the analysis revealed that ECCD education has the highest level of impact on students’ psychomotor performance, followed by affective and cognitive performance.

Conclusion: In view of these findings, the researchers recommend the ECCD education programme developers and instructors to look for a balanced curriculum that ensure equal development of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains of learning.
The Effect of Concentrations of Basil Leaves Extract as Natural Preservatives in Mullet Fillet
Authors: Junianto . , Shofiani Shafa , Rostini Iis , Afrianto Eddy
Published: November 2020

This research aimed to know the shelf life of mullet fillet with basil leaves extract treatment in different concentrations based on the number of bacteria contained on mullet fillet during low-temperature storage. The method used in this research was experimental with four treatments in double measurements. Mullet fillets were soaked for a half-hour in different concentrations of Basil leaves extract (0%, 1,5%, 3%, and 4,5%) and stored at low temperature (5-10℃). The parameters observed in this research were the number of bacteria, pH measurements, and weight loss. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the use of basil leaves extract with a concentration of 3% in mullet fillet during low-temperature storage has the longest shelf life of 11 days with the amount bacteria of 4.55 x cfu/g, pH value of 6.55 and weight loss value of 20,00%.
Flood Vulnerability Assessment of Settlements in the Niger-benue Trough, Central Nigeria
Authors: Ifatimehin O. O. , Eneche P. S. U. , Ismail N. A.
Published: November 2020

Flooding has become a household phenomenon, particularly for communities in close proximity or situated in floodplain areas, although only on extreme cases that serious alarms are given. The brunt of this study assessed the flood vulnerability levels of settlements located in the Niger-Benue Trough of Central Nigeria by considering their livelihood assets. Data were sourced via a random administration of questionnaire in 36 communities in the study area earmarked; water level and discharge data obtained; communities were mapped; and remotely sensed data (Spot 5 and the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data were retrieved and analyzed using ArcGIS 10.5 and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 25) software. The simulated worst-case scenario of flooding revealed 22 settlements were inundated in the 2019 flood between July – September, covering larger areas before the confluence with more than 50% of the area under the high and moderately high-risk zones. Natural and physical livelihood assets were vulnerable and seriously damaged with indices greater than 3.0, while human, financial and social assets were all below 3.0. Generally, vulnerability index computed for all communities was 2.82, indicating moderate vulnerability of the communities to the flood event of 2019. Also, the Pearson correlation test revealed a strong, positive relationship (r = .769, α = .036) between the level of communities’ flood vulnerability and the livelihood assets in the study. It was therefore recommended that yearly flood events are worth simulating to aid prioritization of decisions and development of a comprehensive flood management plan for the area.
Is the Lateral Decubitus Position Safe and Easy for Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy?
Authors: Yuksel Cemil , Culcu Serdar , Celasin Haydar
Published: November 2020

Aims: In this study, we compared the results of laparoscopic distal pancreatic surgery performed in the classical supine position and lateral decubitus position.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Place and Duration of Study: The files of 12 patients who underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy in the General Surgery Clinic of our hospital between January 2017 and June 2020 were found by scanning the electronic file system of the hospital.

Methodology: Patients who underwent open surgery and whose data were not available, who had distant metastases, had a history of surgery due to other malignancies and those younger than 18 years were excluded from the study. All data were collected by the data collection assistant who was a general surgery and surgical oncology specialist. Clinicopathological records, inpatient treatment epicrisis, radiological examination reports, pathology reports and demographic information of the patients were reviewed.

Results: LDP was applied to 9 (75%) patients and LDP + splenectomy procedure was applied to 3 (25%) patients. Postoperative complications were seen in 2 (12.6%) patients. The average operation time was 199.58 minutes. The amount of perioperative bleeding was 111.25 ml. The average length of stay in the hospital is 5.83 ± 0.6 days. All of the patients are alive and the mean survival time is 16.91 ± 2.38 months, with no recurrence.

Conclusion: We think that LP provides a significant advantage to the surgeon, since it provides a better viewing angle and facilitates colon mobilization and stomach retraction. This argument can be supported by more patient numbers and studies.
Land Use Changes and Impacts on Livelihoods of the Communities Adjacent to Mt Elgon Forest Ecosystem
Authors: Masayi Nelly , Tsingalia Mugatsia , Omondi Paul
Published: November 2020

Forests play a critical role in providing essential goods and services to forest adjacent communities. There is, however, insufficient information on how land uses affect the availability and use of forest products and services by forest adjacent communities. This study analysed the impacts of land use changes on the livelihoods of Mt Elgon forests adjacent communities. Land use changes were assessed for the period 1977-2019 segmented into four time periods corresponding to remote sensing data obtained for the years 1977, 1986, 1999 and 2019. Household surveys were conducted using structured questionnaires administered to 387 respondents. The questionnaires assessed how changes in land uses has impacted livelihoods. Analysis of data revealed that between 1977 and 2019, the size of land under natural forest has declined by 18%, bamboo declined by 15% while grasslands declined by 13%. On the contrary, the size of land under mixed farming and fallow increased by 30% and 27% respectively. Majority of the households (91%) were affirmative that they obtained products from Mt Elgon forest pointing to the importance of the forest to the communities living adjacent to the forest. Households closer to the forest were more reliant on the forest than those that lived farther away. The use of forest resources has been declining from 1970s with herbal medicine, game meat and wild fruits experiencing the highest decline of 28%, 27% and 24% respectively. The high dependency of the forest-adjacent communities on the Mt. Elgon forests call for enhanced conservation of the forest ecosystem and sustainable utilization of forest resources.
Neonatal Bacterial Sepsis and Its Susceptibility Pattern in Neonatal Care Unit of Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Tunio Abdul Hameed , Mugheri Delijan , Khan Muhammad , Bhatti Wasim Sarwar , Soomro Abdul Majeed , Ghumro Pir Bux , Alolayan Sultan Othman , Malhani Waseem Abbas , Baloch Nadeem , Mangi Altaf Ali , Ahraf Zehra , Lashari Saika , Baloch Kanwal , Arain Shumaila Parveen
Published: November 2020

Background: The drug resistance and pathogens are different in various Hospitals of any country. Very high resistance pattern is observed nowadays to the frequently used antibiotics. The important observation has been noted that most of the doctors do not obtain blood cultures before start of the antibiotics, which becomes competent source of resistance. For the same purpose, this study has been done to find out the responsible microbes causing ailment and their susceptibility towards antibiotics to plan early and effective management.

Materials and Methods: A number of 100 new borns admitted in the NICU CMC Children Hospital Larkana with signs and symptoms of sepsis were included in this research work. The study will help in provision of a comprehensive record on microorganisms causing sepsis in the neonates and their antibiotic sensitivity. The epidemiology and presence of neonatal sepsis in particular area makes it more easy and convenient to implement the rationale of empirical antibiotic strategy. Results: From100 neonatal blood samples taken for culture, only 21 proved to be positive which stands 21%. In majority gram positive bacteria were found in (85.71%=18 cases) and gram negative bacteria stood (14.28%=3 cases).Staphylococcus species were found on the large scale (52.38%=11 cases) secondly Streptococcus species (33.33%=7 cases) and the remaining were Escherichia species being least common (14.28%=3 cases).

Conclusion: Staphylococcus species provided major share as gram positive bacteria and Escherichia species were found to be major gram negative bacterial population responsible for neonatal sepsis. Profound resistance pattern is seen against widely used antibiotics. It is mandatory to have a routine check over the antibiotic resistance.
Differential inhibition of the release of endogenous and newly synthesized acetylcholine from Torpedo synaptosomes by presynaptic muscarinic receptors
Authors: Luz S. , Pinchasi I. , Michaelson D.M.
Published: July 2002

Activation of Torpedo presynaptic muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors with the agonist oxotremorine (20 μM) results in the inhibition of Ca2+‐dependent release of endogenous ACh from Torpedo synaptosomes. This effect is reversed by the muscarinic antagonist atropine (1 μM) which, by itself, has no effect. In contrast, under the same conditions the amount of newly synthesized radiolabeled [3H]ACh released is not affected by muscarinic ligands. These findings suggest that presynaptic muscarinic inhibition in the Torpedo is due to interference with the mobilization of ACh from a storage pool.
Nucleotide sequence of a reiterated rat DNA fragment
Authors: Gupta Ramesh C.
Published: July 2002

A reiterated component of rat DNA was isolated by restriction with HindIII endonuclease and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sequence analysis revealed that the fragment was 179 nucleotides long. Unlike the known 370N reiterated rat DNA fragment which contained a high m5C content (2.7 mole%), this repetitive element contained a rather low m5C content (0.5 mole%). The present rat repetitive sequence appeared to be of α‐type as shown by its significant homologies with α DNA sequenes of African green monkey and human. The possibility of sequence heterogeneity is discussed.
Identification of the optical isomers of the amino acids in Polysphondylium violaceum acrasin
Authors: Shimomura O. , Suthers H.L.B. , Bonner J.T.
Published: July 2002

Using optically specific enzymes on the hydrolysate of glorin, we show the structure of natural glorin to be: N‐propionyl‐γ‐L‐glutamyl‐L‐ornithine‐δ‐lactam ethyl ester
The motile and tactic behaviour of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in anaerobic environments
Authors: Armitage Judith P. , Evans Michael C.W.
Published: July 2002

ATP generated by the anaerobic metabolism of L‐arginine in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used to maintain the membrane potential. Although both the ATP concentration and membrane potential were lower than in aerobically incubated bacteria, motility and chemotaxis were almost normal. Venturicidin stopped anaerobic motility by abolishing the membrane potential. The addition of venturicidin to aerobic bacteria caused an increase in the membrane potential, but a decrease in internal ATP concentration, resulting in bacteria which were motile but non‐chemotactic. The membrane potential was the only requirement for continued motility but ATP was required in addition for chemotaxis.
GDP does not support activation of adenylate cyclase nor ADP‐ribosylation of a guanine nucleotide binding protein by cholera toxin
Authors: Shimada Nobuko , Kimura Narimichi
Published: July 2002

The actions of cholera toxin (i.e., activation of adenylate cyclase and ADP‐ribosylation of a guanine nucleotide binding protein in purified membranes fronm rat liver) were GTP dependent. Neither of these actions of cholera toxin was reproduced with GDP. Simultaneous addition of ATP and MgCl2 along with GDP allowed cholera toxin to exert these actions. The role of GDP in adenylate cyclase regulation was discussed.