bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHALLENGE RISKS AND THREATS TO INFORMATION SECURITY
Authors:   University of Defence in Belgrade, National Defense School, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Berisa Hatidza ,   Ј-6, General Staff of the Serbian Army, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Gajic Tamara ,   University of Defence in Belgrade, National Defence School, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka Street No. 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Prelic Jovan
Published: December 2024

Extremely rapid scientific and technological development, the diffusion of
modern scientific achievements and technology and their growing impact on all areas
of social life in countries around the world increase the complexity of the strategic
environment. In this context, there will be greater potential for achieving a positive
impact on the economic development of countries, through the application of innovative
technological solutions that will contribute to improving the use of resources and
accelerated productivity growth.
Systems based on information and communication technologies are another subsystem
of the strategic environment whose task is to manage information or uncertainty and
thus improve and accelerate the decision-making process. However, they also
significantly affect other characteristics of the strategic environment, making it more
dynamic, complex, unstable, nonlinear, and especially uncertain.
The authors start from the rapid scientific and technological progress, which causes
various dangers, so the focus is on possible challenges and risks, which are manifested
through the threat to information security.
APPLICATION OF DIBR-TOPSIS MODEL IN SELECTING LOCATION FOR FORCED RIVER CROSSING USING AMPHIBIOUS TRANSPORTERS PTS-M
Authors:   First Pontoon Battalion, Pocerska 2, Sabac, Republic of Serbi, Dojic Katarina ,   Military Academy, University of Defense in Belgrade, Veljka Lukica Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Bozanic Darko
Published: December 2024

In this paper it has been worked out the problem of selecting the optimal
location for forced river crossing using amphibious transporters PTS-M in an offensive
operation. For the purpose of this research a hybrid model is developed based on two
methods: the Defining Interrelationships Between Ranked criteria (DIBR) method and
the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method.
The DIBR method is applied to determine weight coefficients of criteria, while the
TOPSIS method is used to rank different alternatives. Through the paper, the criteria
are elaborated that condition the selection of the location for forced river crossing
using amphibious transporters PTS-M. Five experts with significant experience in the
field of river crossing and military operations participated in the process of research
and conclusion.
THE ROLE OF THE SERBIAN ARMED FORCES IN THE SYSTEM OF PROTECTION AND RESCUE IN FIGHTING NATURAL DISASTERS - A CASE STUDY OF THE FLOOD OF 2014 IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors:   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Bajrami Serif ,   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Pusulic Stefan
Published: December 2024

Natural disasters caused by floods, regardless of today's level of scientific
development, cannot be completely prevented. They represent the consequences of
natural laws on which man has no decisive and direct influence. What can be
undertaken, in certain cases, refers to activities aimed at preventing natural disasters
or reducing the damage caused. Given the frequency and devastating effect of floods
on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, especially in 2005 and 2014, such a question
is certainly gaining importance. For the above reasons, the Republic of Serbia was
forced to build an effective protection and rescue system in response to the increasingly
frequent occurrence of floods and other natural disasters, and one of the most
important parts of the above integral system is precisely the units of the Serbian Armed
Forces.
THE INTERNATIONAL INNOVATION PROJECTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF AGRICULTURAL NATURAL MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINE
Authors:   National University of water and environmental engineering, Rivne, Soborna Street,11, Ukraine, Skrypchuk Petro ,   Khmelnytskyi National University, Khmelnytskyi, вул. Instytutska Street, 11, Ukraine, Rybak Viktor ,   Khmelnytskyi National University, Khmelnytskyi, вул. Instytutska Street, 11, Ukraine, Skrypnyk Sergiy
Published: December 2024

The principles and projects regarding the implementation of the Concept of
ecological and economic security of agrarian nature management in Ukraine have
been developed. The relevance of the concept lies in: the implementation of the
European integration vector of Ukraine's economy, the implementation of state policies
aimed at the green economy, the creation of a favorable business climate, the need for
investments, and the implementation of social security projects. Ensuring the
implementation of international and national projects for economic growth will
contribute to the development of the state's economy through the appropriate quality of
education, science, medicine, culture and preservation of the natural environment in
the context of a green economy. Scientific and methodological support of the concept
includes: documents of Ukraine, EU, COT, ISO; environmental safety methodology;
the concept of Total Quality Management; certification schemes; strategies and
concepts for digitization and greening of the economy; scientific and methodological
developments of the UN, FAO. The implementation of the concept results in food
security through the implementation of FAO's provisions on the four dimensions of food
security (availability, accessibility, utilization and stability) and the three main factors
of security (access to food, care and nutrition, health and sanitation) which are now
universally recognized in the world.
GEOSTRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE RUSSIAN- UKRAINIAN CONFLICT
Authors:   Faculty of Business Studies and Law, University of UNION Nikola Tesla, Jurija Gagarina 141a Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Forca Bozidar
Published: December 2024

In the history of international relations, there are evident processes in which
certain events in them culminate in such a way that they are characterized as - nothing
will be like before. Such a process in recent history is the Cold War, and the event is
the demolition of the Berlin Wall in 1989. In combination with the tectonic disturbances
created by the fall of the Berlin Wall and in the conditions in which the USA tried to
establish a unipolar world order, there was a war between Russia and Ukraine in 2022,
which expanded into a conflict between the collective West and Russia. It is heard again
- nothing will be the same again.
This paper is an attempt to predict the geostrategic implications of the Russian-
Ukrainian conflict. The general hypothesis from which it was started is as follows:
International relations are primarily state-centric, and the creation of a new world
order determined by world powers is turning into a cluster arrangement of the world..
In confirming the hypothesis, well-known scientific methods were used, primarily
comparative, content analysis, analogy and case studies. The general conclusion can
be: The war between Russia and Ukraine, which has expanded into a conflict between
the collective West and Russia, will result in a geostrategic realignment of states in the
creation of a new cluster-type world order, and the possibility of the outbreak of the
Third World War should not be ruled out.
OFFENSIVE OPERATION FORCE MODELING – ANALYSIS OF AN EXAMPLE OF BATALLION TACTICAL GROUP OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN UKRAINE
Authors:   University of Defence in Belgrade, National Defence School, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka Street No. 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Ilic Miloje ,   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka Street No. 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Zivkovic Misa ,   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka Street No. 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Djuric Zoran
Published: December 2024

Ongoing armed conflict gives insight of classic, line war to the theoreticians.
Analysis and predictions prior to conflict did not foreseen future war with formed front
lines and massive artillery usage. A piece that did not fail modern insights on combat
is certainly force modularity. In Ukraine conflict, we are witnesses of wide spectra of
variants of force modeling in purpose of task realization. Battalion combat groups,
which are the main bearers of combat operations, appear as the most massive
phenomenon. Having in mind that one of organization principles of Serbian Army is
modularity, the analysis of temporary components engaged in Ukraine’s conflict is
useful lection for us.
First part of this paper clarifies term modeling in Serbian Army with accent on offensive
operations. Second part is an analysis of Russian federation’s battalion combat group
attacking populated area. Its composition as well as the way of realizing the tasks in
this operation were reviewed. The first step in that analysis was to determine how to
model a battalion combat group, searching principles that determine the most suitable
structures and combat organizations of forces. Then the use of the same in the
implementation of an attack on a populated area was analyzed.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN MODERN ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMS
Authors:   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka Street No. 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Arsic Slavisa ,   Faculty of Project and Innovation Management, Boze Jankovica 14, Belgrade, Republic of  Serbia, Kovac Mitar ,   Directorate for Public Relations, Ministry of Defense, Bircaninova 5, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Katancevic Vladimir
Published: December 2024

Strategic management as a way to solve future situations and challenges
enables modern organizations to anticipate future conditions, adapt to changes in a
timely manner and create advantages in relation to other environmental actors that
will enable more certain survival and development in the planned direction.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT TO THE POPULATION AS A MEASURE FOR ALLIEVATING THE CONSEQUENCES OF EARTHQUAKES
Authors:   College of Professional Studies for Criminology and Security Nis, Bulevar Svetog cara Konstantina 80-86, Nis, Republic of Serbia, Slavkovic Rade ,   College of Professional Studies for Criminology and Security Nis, Bulevar Svetog cara Konstantina 80-86, Nis, Republic of Serbia, Filipovic Slobodan
Published: December 2024

Earthquakes are the most terrible natural disasters that occur our planet,
which has attracted the attention of the human race since ancient times. They are
catastrophic natural events. They are formed due to the movement of tectonic plates,
and there is a displacement and even dislocation, soil. Strong earthquakes induce
significant material damage, and there is a loss of life as the seismic event itself is not
directly lethal.
It is not possible to safely predict the earthquake because only the prediction is a very
complex process. Some countries have established a warning system for possible
earthquakes, so in the event of an earthquake, the population is given a few minutes to
evacuate or take other precautions and prepare for the earthquake. Earthquakes can
cause different psychological reactions to humans, so psychological support is key to
mitigating the consequences of the earthquake.
CAMOUFLAGING IN MODERN COMBAT OPERATION CONDITIONS
Authors:   University of Defense in Belgrade , Military Academy, Veljka Lukica Kurjaka 33,
Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Milic Aleksandar ,   University of Defense in Belgrade , Military Academy, Veljka Lukica Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Kostic Srđan ,   University of Defense in Belgrade , Military Academy, Veljka Lukica Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Milicevic Jovica
Published: December 2024

Resources camouflaging is ongoing task that is constantly being planned
and implemented. It is achieved through concealment, imitation and false actions. It is
undertaken to reduce own losses and to reduce the effects of enemy's actions and to
increase the ability to protect own forces. The conducting of camouflaging is
accomplished by applying acquired experience, acquiring and applying knowledge of
the application of various means and techniques, as well as technologies. The
development of modern acomplishments in various fields of science has found
application in camouflage actions. In order to lead to wrong conclusions, armored
combat vehicles are disguised by the application of technical-technological solutions
that create the image of a passenger car on the screen of recconaisance devices. In
order to improve the camouflage effects, experiments are carried out based on the
natural characteristics of the plant and animal world. Efforts are being made to
conquer the possibility of controlled application of their natural abilities in artificial
conditions through the production of materials that will significantly help the
integration of manpower and technology into the natural environment.
NEURO LINGUISTIC PROGRAMMING (NLP) IN MANAGERIAL PRACTICE
Authors:   General Staff of the Serbian Armed Forces, Directorate for Development and Equipping J5, Technical Test Center, Center for Testing Weapons and Military Equipment, Nikinci, Republic of Serbia, Jankovic Katarina
Published: December 2024

In order to improve the economic system, there is a need to introduce
innovative approaches in the managerial structure. One of the most modern methods
is neuro-linguistic programming (hereinafter referred to as NLP). In the business
world, NLP methods are directly applied to improving interpersonal relationships,
creating business relationships based on trust and precise goal setting.
NLP was first developed in America in the 70s of the twentieth century, as a result of
studying the skills of successful people. Today, numerous global companies use NLP
methods to increase their productivity, manage human resources, and create as few
costs as possible. Some of them are "Sony", "Coca Cola". Research conducted in these
companies shows that thanks to the introduction of the NLP method, they managed to
reduce the lack of interest of clients by as much as 67%. In the Republic of Serbia,
research shows that the most desirable companies (Oil Industry of Serbia, Marbo
Company) are companies that operate according to NLP methods. The introduction of
the NLP method into the business system in the Republic of Serbia would improve the
business of small and medium-sized enterprises.
The paper describes some of the NLP techniques that have found their application in
improving managerial skills. The aim of the paper is to show how this important skill
affects successful business decision-making, efficient management of the organization
and acquisition of a sustainable competitive advantage.
CHALLENGES OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION IN CONTEMPORARY SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Security Research Center, Street Sinise Mijatovica 9, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Jurisic Dragisa
Published: December 2024

Infrastructures are all around and the life of people in contemporary times
depends on them. People are using that infrastructure to make their lives easier and
more acceptable. In order to have a nice life people are trying to protect some of that
infrastructure. The same situation is with the states. Protection of critical entities or
infrastructure is one of the state's tasks when it comes to the basic needs of the
population, but these infrastructures usually, in the contemporary world, cross the
border, and then there are more subjects responsible for protection. Moreover, some
infrastructures are so important and they are in focus for the all world. That kind of
infrastructure should be also in some way protected because it has benefits for most of
the population in the world. However, the big geopolitical players are calculating
depending on their interests whether they would protect that infrastructure or not. This
paper shows that world critical infrastructure depends on the interest of big
geopolitical players and individual states are not able to do anything to prevent
destruction or failure on purpose of that infrastructure.
IMPROVISATION DURING MANUFACTURING MINE EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE AND CONTROL OF PRECURSORS AS AN ELEMENT OF STATE SECURITY
Authors:   University of Defense in Belgrade , Military Academy, Veljka Lukica Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Milicevic Jovica ,   Mine Action Center Serbia, Vojvode Toze 31, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Glamoclija Bojan ,   Mine Action Centre of Republic of Serbia,VojvodeToze 31, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Krstic Jelena
Published: December 2024

Contemporary society is permeated by conflicts in all segments, new warfare
techniques are inevitably introduced, the goal is to keep the opposing side in a constant
state of tension and readiness. Stakeholders resort to different ways of fighting, starting
from conventional, through guerilla methods and up to terrorist activities. Actions
under a "false flag" as well as spontaneous terrorism are a special item. One of the
points of contact of all the mentioned forms is the lack of material resources, resorting
to improvisation when making explosive ordnance, needed for the realization of certain
tasks. For the successful production of the mentioned means, good knowledge and the
materials from which they will be made are needed. Materials that can be used to make
improvised explosive devices can be found on the free market, these materials are
called explosive precursors. One part of this paper deals with improvised explosive
devices (IED). The second part of the paper deals with precursors and legal regulations
related to the control of production and circulation of these items in the EU and the
Republic of Serbia as an important element of security.
ASSESSMENT OF RISK AND DANGER IN THE OPERATION OF ELECTRIC BUSES AND CARS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS
Authors:   Kosovo and Metohija academy of applied studies, Department Zvecan, Nusiceva br.6, Zvecan, Republic of Serbia, Petkovic Martina ,   Ministry of Interior, Sector for Emergency Management, Department of Emergency management Smederevo, Republic of Serbia, Klikovac Anita ,   College "Center for Business Studies" in Kiseljak, Bosna and Hercegovina, Knezevic Dragan
Published: December 2024

There are many expert analyzes on the use of electric vehicles and the
potential danger of fire and explosions that they represent. Sales of electric vehicles at
the global level have exceeded ten million, and the trend is a significant increase in
sales. Electric cars and buses have advanced battery management systems. When
lithium-ion batteries used to power electric vehicles ignite, they burn much differently
than the gasoline used to power vehicles with an internal combustion engine. Although
these batteries provide an efficient and effective power source, the likelihood of them
overheating, catching fire, and even exploding increases when they are damaged or
improperly used, charged, or stored.
All this imposes the need to increase the fire protection measures during the operation
of such vehicles in public transport to the highest level of safety, all in order to protect
users and the environment, as well as the readiness to manage emergency situations.
The aim of the work is to draw the attention of both the scientific and professional
public to the seriousness and responsibility of using new technologies in transportation.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN CBRN EVENTS: APPLICATION OF WORD ASSOCIATION TEST
Authors:   Provincial Directorate of Disaster and Emergency, Konya, Turkiye, İbrahim Çiçekdağı Halil ,   Provincial Directorate of Disaster and Emergency, Konya, Turkiye, Ökenek Fatime ,   Provincial Directorate of Disaster and Emergency, Konya, Turkiye, Tosun Yıldız
Published: December 2024

This research aims to determine the perceptions of units involved in
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) incident response regarding
the CBRN discipline. A qualitative research method was employed for this purpose.
The data collection tool used in this study was the Free Word Association Test, and the
data was analyzed through content analysis. Maxqda 2020 data analysis software was
utilized to perform the data analyses, resulting in a total of 18,620 codes. The results
of the association test were categorized into associated individuals and objects, past
events, intervention and protection methods, modes and sources of dissemination,
outcomes, and types. Subcategory codings were conducted for each category. It was
observed that certain concepts were lacking, and an attempt was made to establish a
mind map diagram within the scope of the study to present these concepts. The analysis
results revealed that the participants' perceptions of CBRN were limited. Therefore, an
attempt was made to create a mind map to strategically manage sensitive topics like
CBRN and to address training, exercises, and awareness-raising efforts within this
framework.
ORGANIZATIONAL MEASURES TO RAISE THE CAPACITY OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENTS IN EMERGENCIES
Authors:   Educons University, Faculty of Security Studies, Vojvode Putnika 87, Sremska Kamenica, Republic of Serbia, Karovic Samed
Published: December 2024

Emergencies cause major disruption in the functioning of the community. A
significant role in solving emergencies is played by local governments,
The work explains the necessary elements of raising the capacity of local self-
governments to function efficiently and manage emergencies. In particular, it
highlights ongoing problems in the area of functioning of local self-governments in the
autonomous province of Vojvodina.
The emphasis is placed on organizational measures and the work of authorities at the
local level and concrete solutions for the successful functioning of local self-
governments and effective management of emergencies. The proposals for the measures
are based on the data collected in the field and cover the area of the Autonomous
Province of Vojvodina.
THE SUBJECT OF MILITARY SCIENCES IN THE SPECTRUM OF MODERN CRISES
Authors:   University of Defense, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Komazec Nenad ,   University of Defense in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka Street Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Soskic Svetislav
Published: December 2024

Military sciences have formally become an integral part of the review of
scientific fields in the Republic of Serbia. Military activity is created by organizing the
protection of human communities and practically represents the first organized human
activity. In the Republic of Serbia, military sciences have long been in the scientific
community and occupy an important place. Although scientific activity related to
defence activity in the Republic of Serbia has been very pronounced since ancient times,
scientists in the defence system had to find their way and classify the results of their
research into other, then existing, scientific fields.
The world and society, in which scientific research related to defence activities should
be carried out, has changed a lot, which also has an impact on the constituents of
military science. The paper examines the problem of the subject of military sciences
modernity in relation to the current view that it is armed struggle (according to some
authors it is also war, defense activity, etc.), that is, the reality that armed struggle
cannot be viewed as an isolated phenomenon in relation to to the environment. The new
reality is crises, multi-polar, multi-causal, multi-consequential and multi-causal
conditions in which war and armed struggle are just one drop. The presented views of
the author, obtained from the analysis of the existing literature, represent a review of
the key arguments and conclusions. The reaction of the scientific public to an innovative
and out-of-the-box approach to determining the subject of military science will
determine the direction and intensity of further research, that is, contribute to reducing
the existing gap in views on the subject of military science.
The goal of the paper is not the analysis and elaboration of the approach to defining
the subject of military science by the authors at the world level (this will be the subject
of future research and the proof of this hypothesis), but rather a reasonable attention
to the approach of domestic authors. Namely, the imposition of "armed combat" as a
subject of military sciences made sense, until the emergence of hybrid warfare. With
the emergence of hybrid war, the armed struggle becomes only part of the spectrum of
the resulting crisis, and military capacities are engaged precisely in such an
environment.
Do Children's Media Content Overstep the Mark? An Analysis of Gender-Based Problematic, Evil and Criminal Themes Presented in Children's Cartoon Shows
Authors: Zulfiqar Attia , Mahmood Qasim , Akhtar Adiba
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: In todays’ world, media and technology have become central components for children so far their entertainment is concerned. Electronic media especially children’s television entertainment programs have been facing strong criticism for their negative impacts on young viewers. The current paper was designed to explore the gender-based criminal and evil activities, bad manners and problematic themes in children cartoon shows.
Methodology: A total of 34 hours long data containing 150 episodes (N=150) of three channels namely Disney, Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon were randomly collected.
Findings: Using qualitative and quantitative content analysis overall bad Manners occurred at 44 % (n=232/523) almost 7 activities per hour (n= 34 hours) and 3 activities per episode (n=150). Evil activities at 37% (n=195/523) is at the second number with an average of 5 incidents per hour (n=34hours) and 2 incidents per episode (n=150) followed by criminal activities at 18% (n=96 /523) with an average of 3 incidents per hour (n=34hours).
Conclusion: The study found that the male characters were more dominantly shown in displaying different criminal, evil and problematic attitudes as compared to female characters. Female characters were emotionally and physically under pressure to carry on the evil activities commanded by male characters.
An Analysis of Measures of Economic Development: A Case Study of Pakistan Economy
Authors: Khan Sardar Javaid Iqbal , Khan Sardar Adil Iqbal , Ayub Rizwan
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The paper analysis different Classical measures of economic development, their similarities and differences.
Methodology: There are different measures or techniques to measure the economic development of a country. In the paper, researchers have used three of the Classical measures estimators for Pakistan economy point of view. These measures are Per Capital Income in U.S. dollar (PCI US. $), Per Capita Income in Rs. Market Prices (PCI Rs. MP). The per capital income in Dollar is posed as a perfect measure of development also considered as adjusted income measure and satisfied the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) condition.
Findings: The analysis provides us an interesting result that per capita income on market prices shows, more similarities with an international measure of economic development. It also provides another important result that both Classical measures of economic development are perfect.
Conclusion: The study provide an important conclusion that per capita income on market prices shows more similarity with an international measure of development i.e., per capita income on US $. So, both measure of economic development are perfect. Moreover, to measure level of economic development the both measure are correct, according to Pakistan economy analysis.
Exploring Journalists’ Narratives on Challenges to Climate Journalism in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Aqeel , Kashif Mohammad , Mansoor Sara
Published: December 2024

Background and Study Aim: Pakistan has been classified among the five most vulnerable societies to climate change, yet its coverage in Pakistani media remains event-driven and limited. Given the absence of research in field, this qualitative research, based on focus group discussion, documents the narratives of Pakistani journalists about challenges to climate journalism in Pakistan.
Methodology: This qualitative research was conducted through a focus group discussion, collecting data from 11 Islamabad-based Pakistani journalists who have been serving different print, electronic and digital news media organizations as news reporters and news editors.
Findings: The findings of the study reveal event-based media coverage of climate change, lack of prioritization and desensitization of media on climate change, the influence of policy agenda on media coverage, and the lack of professional journalistic training and education.
Conclusion/Policy Recommendations: The study concluded/recommended that addressing the challenges to climate journalism in Pakistan required specialized training and sensitization of the journalists, besides the establishment of dedicated climate beats and desks within the media organizations. Enhancing the utilization of technology and fostering journalists-media academics collaboration, independent editorial policies, and introduction of climate change education in academic curricula can improve the quality and consistency of climate change awareness and coverage in Pakistan.
Internalized HIV Stigma, Psychological Distress, and Quality of Life in a Collectivist Culture
Authors: Noor Ayesha , Earnshaw Valerie
Published: December 2024

Background: This study analyzes the impact of internalized HIV stigma on psychological distress and quality of life among the individuals infected with HIV in collectivistic culture.
Method: Questionnaires were distributed to 250 PLWHA and a total of 138 questionnaires were returned.
Results: The results shows that internalized HIV stigma negatively affect the quality life of HIV infected people with mediation of psychological distress. The results also depicted that collectivistic culture positively exacerbate the relationship between internalized HIV stigma and psychological distress.
Conclusion: Overall this study shows that internalized stigma affects the quality of life in collectivist culture. Implications are also given at the end.
Challenging Patriarchal Stereotypes: A Study of Female Identity in Manju Kapur’s Difficult Daughters
Authors: Binth e Zia Atifa , Dar Maidah Basit , Shah Amina
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This paper explores the conflict between traditional ideologies of Indian Patriarchy and an anti-traditional struggle for individual space in Manju Kapur’s Difficult Daughters. The protagonist, Virmiti, encounters her submissive position within a male-controlled society as well as struggles for a new identity for marginalized women in Arya Samaj Indian family.
Methodology: In this paper we employ the theoretical concept of gender being a cultural product by Nancy J. Chodorow (1995). By applying this theory, this paper argues that, the cultural specific norms for a female are considered gender normative while Virmiti performs gender non-conformity within a gender biased society and “operate[s] psychologically” (Chodorow, 1995) to define her identity.
Findings: Virmiti fights for her own space and individuality by criticizing the division between male and female roles in a phallocentric Indian culture.
Conclusion: So this paper discusses that challenging patriarchal stereotypes is not an easy task rather a woman has to strive hard against patriarchy to construct her new identity.
Impact of Financial Literacy, Institutional Framework and Social Network on Financial Inclusion: A Study of Lower Middle Income Group
Authors: Affandi Hina , Malik Qaisar Ali
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Financial inclusion allows individuals to access financial products and services that help in reducing poverty and encourage economic growth. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of social network, institutional framework and financial literacy on financial inclusion.
Methodology: Current study is based on cross-sectional quantitative research design. This study has employed a sample of 300 lower middle income group household heads residing in District Rawalpindi. Quantitative data has been analyzed through assessment of measurement model and structural model using SMART PLS.
Findings & Implications: The findings of this study found that institutional framework, social network and financial literacy have significant impact on financial inclusion. The results of this study provide insights and implications of financial inclusion for policy makers and regulatory bodies.
Media Direction and Life Satisfaction among Young Adults of Bahawalpur
Authors: Mujtaba Ghulam , Majid Ul Ghafar  , Khan Noor Nabi
Published: December 2024

The present research study explains “Media direction and life satisfaction among young adults of Bahawalpur”. The basic purpose of the study was to know about the importance of media in guiding young adults related to their education, religion, culture and making career path. This research study was conducted in Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. The methodology of the present study was survey and comprehensive questionnaire was prepared to that was consisted on 14 close ended and 1 open ended questions. The sample size of (400) respondents was chosen including males and female young adults of aged between 18 to 30 years old. The data was collected from the respondents in available and convenience basis. This research study was conducted in the light of “Agenda Setting Theory”. For data analysis, SPSS software was used. The study concluded that media is important source of information and directing young adults in the field of education. Moreover, media is promoting young adults socially, ethically and promoting Islamic and Pakistani culture. Media has vital role in making right career path of young adults of Bahawalpur as well.
Reviewing the Women Objectification in Media and its Impacts
Authors: Pasha Saadia Anwar
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Women objectification in mass media has long been recognized as a major issue. Many feminist scholars have raised voice against it as a basic social and psychological issue particularly against women. Notably, the relevant phenomenon is thought-provoking to the impacts attributed to objectifying women. Several feminist scholars have discussed and highlighted women objectification requiring critical consideration. This article investigates women's objectification in music videos under Nussbaum's perspective of objectification.
Methodology: The researchers conducted a review of the literature. Through analysis of various music videos, the study examines the ways in which women are depicted and the impact of these depictions on societal perceptions of gender and sexuality.
Findings: The study found that women are frequently objectified in media content and that this objectification can negatively affect how women are perceived and treated in society.
Conclusion: The article concluded by calling for greater awareness of the issue and a more responsible and respectful representation of women in music videos.
The Effect of Core Stability Exercises on Dynamic Balance on Novice Cricket Players (Male)
Authors: Gill Sajjad Ali , Arslan Muhammad , Umer Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of core stability exercises on the balance (dynamic & static) of novice male cricket players.
Methodology: A total of 44 novice male cricket players distributed into experimental group (N=30) and control group (N=14) through simple random sampling technique. A group of ten Normal Control subjects were also selected for further comparison. The tentative group underwent a 6 week core stability exercise program, as the other group did not participate in any specific core training as they perform their normal activities. All the participants were assessed by standardize Johnson Modification Bass of Dynamic Balance (JMBD) before and after the training. The subjects were selected from all cricket clubs of Lahore. This experimental research utilized purposive sampling technique, normality has been checked through Shapiro-Wilk test and data was analyzed through SPSS-32 along with paired sample t-test has been utilized in this study.
Findings: These findings suggest that core stability exercises can be effective in enhancing the dynamic balance of novice male cricket players. The study concluded that a significant improvement in dynamic balance in the experimental group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrated that core stability exercises have a significant positive effect on the dynamic balance of novice male cricket players. The study indicate that incorporating a structured core stability exercise program into training regimens can enhance postural control, stability, and balance during cricket-specific movements. The study provides empirical support for the integration of core stability training into the training programs of novice cricket players.
Effects of Moral Injury on Psychopathology of Pakistanis Affected by War against Terror: Moderating Role of Religiosity
Authors: Shahid Hina , Akhtar Tanvir , Adil Adnan
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The present research investigated the effect of moral injury (MI) on depression, anxiety, and stress (psychopathology) among Pakistanis affected by the war on terrorism. A moderating role of religiosity between MI and psychopathology was also documented.
Methodology: The study was based on a snowball sample of 214 men 103 women (N = 317) with an age range of 18 to 64 years (M = 43.26, SD = 9.17) who were directly affected by war. The participants were recruited from various cities of KPK, Balochistan, and the Punjab. Multidimensional Moral Injury Scale (Aman, 2022), Dimensions of Religiosity Scale (Aman, 2022), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-42 DASS-42 (Zafar, 2014) were used to measure the focal constructs in the present study; all scales were translated and adapted in Urdu.
Findings: Mean depression (M = 21.40, SD = 10.32) and anxiety (M = 19.94, SD = 9.66) were severely high in the participants; where stress (M = 21.05, SD = 8.99) was moderately high. Findings revealed MI positively predicted depression, anxiety, and stress and religiosity negatively predicted this psychopathology; and high religiosity expressed lower psychopathology than lower religiosity.
Conclusion: MI moderately (14-19%) but significantly explains for psychopathology (depression, anxiety and stress); and religiosity moderates MI and psychopathology. Religiosity buffers against depression, anxiety and stress because people with higher religiosity had lower levels of these measures than those with lower religiosity. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
An Exploration of Perinatal Distress in Pakistan: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Shafiq Sameera
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To develop an indigenous perinatal distress model (PDM) for couples, measured with the indigenously developed Perinatal Distress Inventory (PDI), and verified via statistical regression analysis. 
Methodology: An exploratory sequential mixed method research design was used. In Phase-I, an item pool of 209 items was generated by reviewing the literature and conducting semi-structured interviews with experts and perinatal couples at high risk of distress. Reflexive thematic analysis and interpretative phenomenological analysis were used to construct the PDM.  In Phase II, the face and content validation of 209 items in the PDI was carried out and 200 items were finalized. The try-out (50 couples) and pilot study (2080 participants) was carried out via purposive sampling technique, from hospitals.  Exploratory factor analysis yielded 194 items in PDI with Parental Perinatal Distress Scale (PPDS), Parental Perinatal Distress Expression Scale (PPDES), and Parental Perinatal Distress Aetiology Scale (PPDAS), with acceptable Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients 0.90, 0.97, and 0.91 respectively.
Results: PDM showed reciprocal interactions between assessments of distress in terms of depression, anxiety, mania, and psychosis and cultural expressions of emotions, somatization, maladaptive coping, and beliefs in religious and supernatural cognitions, and between the cultural aetiology of stressful and traumatic events; gender roles, mental health stigma, mental health illiteracy, family support, perinatal cognitions, emotional attachment, and bonding, all of which contributed to perinatal distress in couples. The regression analysis revealed that cultural expression and cultural aetiology significantly predicted perinatal distress in couples.
Conclusion: Indigenous PDM was developed, measured with PDI, and verified via regression analysis in couples.
Women Nurses’ Lived Experiences with Covid-19 Patients. A Challenging Situation
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Aiman  , Hussain Zubair
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Corona virus (covid-19) has seriously affected health care systems across the countries. In some countries, including Pakistan, the consequences of the pandemic reached to the collapse of the health care systems. Women staff nurses as an essential part of the health care system also faced challenges while caring covid-19 patients. This study, is thus, explored women nurses’ lived experiences while dealing with the covid-19 patients in the government hospitals of Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP).
Methodology: Data for the study come from 19 interviews conducted with women nurses working in government hospitals in district Mardan, KP. Feminist epistemology guided the methodological procedure of the study. Smith’s theory of women’s standpoint is used to explore women nurses’ lived experiences with the covid-19 patients. Qualitative thematic analysis technique helped in the analysis of data.
Findings and Conclusion: The study found that dealing with the covid-19 patients was a challenging job for women staff nurses. Women staff nurses faced the situation of lack of knowledge about covid-19, non-availability of covid-19 personal protective equipment (PPE) KIT, and stress and fear was common among women nurses while dealing with the covid-19 patients. The study recommends proper training of women nurses along with ensuring health safety measurements for health emergency services, including covid-19.
Analyzing the Effectiveness of Social Media Advertising on Consumer Buying Behavior: A Study of Narowal
Authors: Sultana Saba , Farrah ul Momineen  , Hafsa Ainy
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The study aimed to analyze the role of social media advertisements on consumer behaviour in Narowal, Pakistan. The present research aims to determine the impact of social media advertising on consumer buying behavior, and the role of social media influencers and online reviews on influencing businesses and brands among consumer.
Methodology: Quantitative method was implied in the study. Data was collected through the survey method from 200 respondents, chosen through purposive sampling procedure.
Findings: The key findings revealed that social media advertisements have an impact on consumers purchasing behaviour. However, social media influencers and online reviews do not play a significant role in influencing businesses and brands among consumers. Furthermore, research findings supported that social media advertisement content plays a significant role in consumers' satisfaction and purchasing decisions. 
Conclusion: The study concluded that the respondents have positive attitudes towards social media advertisement. Based on obtained results online marketing communication, especially online advertisement is effective in promoting online shopping through social media platforms.
Impact of Gratitude and Kindness on Self- Esteem, Subjective Well-Being and Family Relationships among University Students
Authors: Majeed Rukhshanda , Kamal Anila
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of gratitude and kindness-based interventions on self-esteem, subjective well-being and family relations among university students.
Methodology: It was a within and between-group experimental study. Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) (Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988) was used to measure subjective well-being. Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965; Rizwan, Aftab, Shah, and Dharwarwala, 2012) was used to measure self-esteem and family relationship was measured by using Family System Apgar scale (Smilkstein, 1978). The sample consisted of university students (N=88) of the age range (18-27). Participants were divided into three groups i.e., experimental group I - gratitude group (n=27), experimental group II- kindness group (n=33) and control group (n=28). This study was carried out in three phases.
Findings: Findings revealed that for experimental group II family relation improved and negative affect decreased after conducting kindness-based meditation, while no change was observed in the control group.
Conclusion: This study explored how positive psychology-based interventions work in collectivistic culture. Moreover, this research has implications for therapists and psychologists working with young people.
Relationship of Academic Motivation with Study Habits among Undergraduate University Students
Authors: Siddiqui Perh Shahab , Malik Muniza
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The research focused to assess association of academic motivation, study habits among undergraduates.
Methodology: The participants was comprised of (n=100) including both genders (males=50; females=50). Information were gathered through simple random sampling from universities i.e., Sindh University & Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro. Two standardized questionnaires were administered namely academic motivation scale and study habits and attitudes inventory.
Findings: Findings of the study showed that intrinsic and extrinsic academic motivation can predict the positive attitude towards assignment and class and time management of the student. No gender difference found in academic motivation but a significant difference found in the study habits and examination preparation. Female have better study habits and the preparation for exams then male students.
Conclusion: The findings are useful for parents, teachers to understand the study habits as well as the difficulties they are facing in studies and motivate them to attain goals they want to achieve in life.