bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real geo‐time‐based secured access computation model for e‐Health systems
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Abhishek Kumar , Chakraborty Chinmay , Rodrigues Joel J. P. C.
Published: April 2022

Role Back Access Control model (RBAC) allows devices to access cloud services after authentication of requests. However, it does not give priority in Big Data to devices located in certain geolocations. Regarding the crisis in a specific region, RBAC did not provide a facility to give priority access to such geolocations. In this paper, we planned to incorporate Location Time‐ (GEOTime) based condition alongside Priority Attribute role‐based access control model (PARBAC), so requesters can be allowed/prevented from access based on their location and time. The priority concept helped to improve the performance of the existing access model. TIME‐PARBAC also ensures service priorities based on geographical condition. For this purpose, the session is encrypted using a secret key. The secret key is created by mapping location, time, speed, acceleration and other information into a unique number, that is, K(Unique_Value) = location, time, speed, accelerator, other information. Spatial entities are used to model objects, user position, and geographically bounded roles. The role is activated based on the position and attributes of the user. To enhance usability and flexibility, we designed a role schema to include the name of the role and the type of role associated with the logical position and the rest of the PARBAC model proposed using official documentation available on the website for Azure internet of things (IoT) Cloud. The implementation results utilizing a health use case signified the importance of geology, time, priority and attribute parameters with supporting features to improve the flexibility of the existing access control model in the IoT Cloud.
Path‐finding algorithm as a dispersal assessment method for invasive species with human‐vectored long‐distance dispersal event
Authors: Lee Sung‐Joo , Cho Hyojin , Choi Yuyoung , Choi Won Il , Chung Hye In , Lim No Ol , Nam Youngwoo , Jeon Seongwoo
Published: April 2022

Aim

An assessment method that can precisely represent human‐vectored long‐distance dispersals (HVLDD) is currently in need for the effective management of invasive species. Here, we focussed on HVLDD happening along roads and proposed a path‐finding algorithm as a more precise dispersal assessment tool than the most widely used Euclidean distance method by using pine wilt disease (PWD) as a case study.

Location

Busan Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea.

Methods

A path‐finding algorithm, which calculates distances by considering the spatial distribution of road networks, was tested for its effectiveness in estimating dispersal distances of HVLDD events. To this end, annual HVLDD cases were classified from entire PWD occurrence data from 2016 to 2019, and their dispersal distances were calculated using the path‐finding algorithm and the Euclidean distance method. We constructed potential dispersal ranges based on the occurrence points in 2016, 2017 and 2018 using the respective year's mean dispersal distance for both methods, and their performances in accounting for each subsequent year's HVLDD cases were compared to determine which method calculated more precise distances. The information on which road class contributed more to dispersal occurrences and distances was analysed as well using the proposed algorithm.

Results

The potential dispersal ranges of the path‐finding algorithm accounted for more future anthropogenic infection cases than the ones that used the Euclidean distance method, validating its higher functionality. It also revealed that most HVLDDs started and ended on small roads, and large roads constituted the majority of the total dispersal length.

Main conclusions

The path‐finding algorithm has proven to be a more effective dispersal assessment method for HVLDD events. It can help design effective control strategies. Thus, we encourage using the path‐finding algorithm for the dispersal assessment of invasive species that move along road networks, and for the development of more powerful HVLDD prediction models.
Revascularization strategies for patients with established chronic coronary syndrome
Authors: Coerkamp Casper F. , Hoogewerf Marieke , van Putte Bart P. , Appelman Yolande , Doevendans Pieter A.
Published: April 2022

Coronary artery disease is the most common type of cardiovascular disease, leading to high mortality rates worldwide. Although the vast majority can be treated effectively and safely by medical therapy, revascularization strategies remain essential for numerous patients. Outcomes of both percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting improve in a rapid pace, resulting from technical innovation and ongoing research. Progress has been achieved by technical improvements in coronary stents, optimal coronary target and graft selection, and the availability of minimally invasive surgical strategies. Besides technical progress, evidence‐based patient‐tailored decision‐making by the Heart Team is the basic precondition for optimal outcome. The combination of fast innovation and long‐term clinical evaluations creates a dynamic field. Research outcomes should be carefully interpreted according to the techniques used and the trial's design. Therefore, more and more trial outcomes suggest that revascularization strategies should be tailored towards the specific patient. Although the European Society of Cardiology/European Association for Cardio‐Thoracic Surgery guidelines on myocardial revascularization date from 2018 and a large variety of trial outcomes on revascularization strategies in chronic coronary syndrome have been published since, we aim to provide an updated overview within this review.
Growth and canopy traits affected by myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii Winter) in Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla
Authors: Hakamada Rodrigo , da Silva Renato Meulman Leite , Moreira Gabriela Gonçalves , Teixeira José Da Silva , Takahashi Simone , Masson Marcus Vinicius , Ferreira Karina Zamprogno , Fernandes Pietro Gragnolati , Martins Sarah Diniz Silva
Published: April 2022

Austropuccinia psidii Winter, causal agent of myrtle rust, is one of the main pathogens in Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. We investigated the effects of the pathogen on wood yield and light use efficiency (LUE) in a Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla clone in a field trial at the end of a five‐year rotation. The study comprised two treatments that are commonly adopted by managers. One treatment with curative fungicide spray (Triadimenol 250 g l−1) seven months after planting and another with five preventive sprays of the same fungicide, from the 1st to 7th month age of saplings. At 5 years old, the control plots attained a mean annual increment of 35 m³ ha−1 yr−1, the curative and preventive treatments were 39 and 47 m³ ha−1 yr−1 (11% and 34% higher, respectively). LUE was also higher when fungicides were applied, 8% and 26% higher in curative and preventive treatments (1.06 and 1.24 g MJ−1) compared with the control plots (0.98 g MJ−1). To confirm the negative effect of rust at a larger scale, we tracked 102 inventory plots (from 1,234 ha) from 2 to 6 years old with the same clone, half infected and half with rust corrective control. Growth difference decreased with time, from an average of 41% at age 2%–5% at age 6. These results highlight the importance of managing myrtle rust in Eucalyptus plantations by selecting a disease‐tolerant genotype or adopting other strategies for disease control.
Ascertaining land allocation decisions of farmers about the adoption of carinata as a potential crop for sustainable aviation fuel production in the Southern United States
Authors: Ullah Kazi Masel , Dwivedi Puneet
Published: April 2022

The adoption of a bioenergy crop is affected by various factors, including but not limited to the characteristics of farmers, farm economics, market forces, and physical environment. This study develops a spatially explicit agent‐based model for ascertaining the adoption rate of carinata (Brassica carinata) among the farmers in the Little River Experimental Watershed located in the southern state of Georgia in the United States. Each farmer's adoption behavior is modeled using the profitability difference between traditional crop rotations (with and without carinata at different contract prices), the adoption rate of neighboring farmers, and their land allocation decisions from managing a risky portfolio of enterprises. Carinata production in the winter season once every 3 years has no conflict with the most profitable and popular traditional row crop rotations, such as cotton‐cotton‐cotton and cotton‐cotton‐peanut, to a larger extent. The results show that 28% and 85% of farmers in the watershed will adopt carinata after 33 years at a contract price of $13/bushel (bu) under two different assumptions of low (2.5%) and high (5%) initial neighborhood adoption rates. The proportions of land allocated to carinata to the total farmland under field crops are 38% and 85% after 33 years under the same low and high neighborhood adoption rates, respectively. Our results suggest that fixing the appropriate contract price of carinata will bring additional profits to farmers without any significant foreseeable agronomic risks, thereby increasing the adoption rate of carinata at a regional level.
T cell‐intrinsic miR‐155 is required for Th2 and Th17‐biased responses in acute and chronic airway inflammation by targeting several different transcription factors
Authors: Kim Hyo Jin , Park Seong Ok , Byeon Hee Won , Eo Jun Cheol , Choi Jin Young , Tanveer Maryum , Uyangaa Erdenebelig , Kim Koanhoi , Eo Seong Kug
Published: April 2022

Asthmatic airway inflammation is divided into two typical endotypes: Th2‐mediated eosinophilic and Th1‐ or Th17‐mediated neutrophilic airway inflammation. The miRNA miR‐155 has well‐documented roles in the regulation of adaptive T‐cell responses and innate immunity. However, no specific cell‐intrinsic role has yet been elucidated for miR‐155 in T cells in the course of Th2‐eosinophilic and Th17‐neutrophilic airway inflammation using actual in vivo asthma models. Here, using conditional KO (miR155ΔCD4 cKO) mice that have the specific deficiency of miR‐155 in T cells, we found that the specific deficiency of miR‐155 in T cells resulted in fully suppressed Th2‐type eosinophilic airway inflammation following acute allergen exposure, as well as greatly attenuated the Th17‐type neutrophilic airway inflammation induced by repeated allergen exposure. Furthermore, miR‐155 in T cells appeared to regulate the expression of several different target genes in the functional activation of CD4+ Th2 and Th17 cells. To be more precise, the deficiency of miR‐155 in T cells enhanced the expression of c‐Maf, SOCS1, Fosl2 and Jarid2 in the course of CD4+ Th2 cell activation, while C/EBPβ was highly enhanced in CD4+ Th17 cell activation in the absence of miR‐155 expression. Conclusively, our data revealed that miR‐155 could promote Th2 and Th17‐mediated airway inflammation via the regulation of several different target genes, depending on the context of asthmatic diseases. Therefore, these results provide valuable insights into actual understanding of specific cell‐intrinsic role of miR‐155 in eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation for the development of fine‐tune therapeutic strategies.
Simple strategies that generate bounded solutions for the multiple‐choice multi‐dimensional knapsack problem: a guide for OR practitioners
Authors: Dellinger Anthony , Lu Yun , Song Myung Soon , Vasko Francis J.
Published: April 2022

The multiple‐choice multi‐dimensional knapsack problem (MMKP) is an NP‐hard generalization of the classic 0–1 knapsack problem. The MMKP has a variety of important industrial and business applications. Approximate solution approaches characteristically give no guarantees on solution quality. Exact solution approaches usually generate solutions that are guaranteed to be close to the optimum but typically take excessive computation times—one to several hours have been recorded in the literature. In this article, we use both simple single‐step and multiple step strategies to demonstrate how a commercial software package (Gurobi in this case) can easily be used to generate guaranteed tightly bounded solutions for 293 MMKP instances commonly tested in the literature. These four simple strategies that require no problem‐specific algorithms are shown to perform competitively with the five best published algorithms for the MMKP. Since no problem‐specific coding is required, these simple strategies are easy for operations research practitioners to use.
Development and psychometric testing of the safety climate instrument suitable for nurses handling chemotherapy drugs
Authors: Lin Ying‐Siou , Gau Bih‐Shya , Liang Jyh‐Chong , Chen Hai‐Chiao , Shih Fuh‐Yuan , Lin Yen‐Chun , Lou Meei‐Fang
Published: April 2022

Aim

To develop and test the psychometric properties of the Taiwanese safety climate instrument suitable for nurses handling chemotherapy drugs.

Design

This is an instrument development study.

Method

All four stages, including questionnaire design, expert consultation, cognitive testing and psychometric validation, were used in this study. The data were collected between August and December 2018. Nurses with experience in handling chemotherapy drugs (N = 484) at one medical centre and two regional hospitals in Taiwan completed this instrument. Data were randomly split into two groups: one group (N = 237) for exploratory factor analysis and the other (N = 247) for confirmatory factor analysis.

Results

The instruments' items were based on qualitative research, and the content validity index levels exceeded the acceptable value. An exploratory factor analysis revealed 43 items remaining in six factors, which accounted for 74.4% of variance. The result of the confirmatory factor analysis verified the acceptability of a 43‐item model. The composite reliability values, Cronbach's alpha values, convergent validity and discriminant validity for each factor exceeded the acceptable value.

Conclusion

Most climate safety instruments used in the health care sector focus mainly on patient safety outcomes. Furthermore, there is no safety climate instrument for handling chemotherapy drugs, and there is a cultural difference. Through the development and validation process, we have developed a new instrument suitable for nurses handling chemotherapy drugs, which has good psychometric properties.

Impact

This instrument is valuable as its development was based on the concept of a safety climate for health care perceptions and qualitative survey findings. Hospital managers can use this instrument regularly to evaluate nurses' perceptions of the safety climate to determine the strengths and weaknesses of their workplace, thereby assisting organizational managers in proposing concrete actions.
A feasibility study on social competence intervention for Chinese adolescents and adults with comorbid autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability
Authors: Tsang Brenda , Leung Cecilia Nga Wing , Chan Raymond Won Shing
Published: April 2022

Background

Social competence training for individuals with comorbid autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability was scarce and had methodological limitations in sample sizes and outcome measures.

Aims

The current study addressed the limitations and reported a social competence intervention for adolescents and adults with ASD and intellectual disability in Hong Kong, the CBT‐CSCA (Mild Intellectual Disability).

Materials & Methods

Thirty‐three participants (aged 14–44 years, with an FSIQ 55–70) completed the 15‐session intervention in a community centre. A pre‐post intervention design was employed. Outcome measures included proxy‐ratings on participants’ social competence, autistic symptoms and behavioural problem, and participants' weekly self‐evaluation on knowledge acquisition and confidence in applying skills.

Results

Significant improvements were shown in proxy‐reported negative social behaviours, autistic symptoms and overall behavioural problems. Participants also reported satisfactory knowledge gain and confidence in applying content learnt after each session.

Discussion

The CBT‐CSCA (Mild Intellectual Disability) is based on an established model and validated studies on ASD population. It demonstrated its applicability and emerging effectiveness in individuals with ASD and mild intellectual disability.

Conclusion

The study supports that social competence training remains a centrality intervention approach for individuals with ASD and intellectual disability.
A Mindfulness Application for Reducing Prenatal Stress
Authors: Porter Anne C. , Hunter Sharon , Noonan Kate , Hoffman M. Camille
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Up to 40% of patients report depression or anxiety symptoms in pregnancy; feelings of increased stress are nearly universal. Antepartum stress is linked to adverse outcomes including preterm birth, low birthweight, postpartum depression, and maternal self harm. Unfortunately, limited treatment options exist, and patients are often hesitant to initiate medications prenatally. Thus, the development of efficacious nonpharmacologic interventions is crucial. This pilot study investigated the feasibility and impact of an application (app)‐based mindfulness practice, begun in the first trimester, on maternal stress and pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

The study enrolled patients prior to 15 weeks’ gestation and followed them prospectively through birth. Patients were provided with a free subscription to Expectful, a commercially available prenatal mindfulness app, and asked to complete daily meditations. Patients completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) self‐assessment at 15 weeks and 28 weeks. PSS scores and pregnancy outcomes were compared with a historical control group of pregnant people who did not use the app.

Results

Of 68 patients approached, 59 consented to enrollment. Of these, 21 used the app, with an average use of 170 minutes (range, 1.3‐1315 min). The average PSS score was significantly lower in the app group at 28 weeks. Additionally, the change in PSS score for app users was greater compared with that of the historical control between enrollment and 28 weeks (−6.3 vs −0.95, P = .0008). Pregnancy outcomes were similar for app users and the historical control.

Discussion

Our recruitment rate suggests pregnant patients are eager for a nonmedication intervention to decrease stress. However, adherence after enrollment was limited. For a subset of motivated patients, an app‐based mindfulness practice significantly reduced perceived stress between the second and third trimesters compared with non‐app users. Prenatal mindfulness apps represent an important low‐intervention, low‐cost, highly accessible tool for managing perinatal mood and stress.
Clinical study of Asian skin changes after application of a sunscreen formulation containing grape seed extract
Authors: Yarovaya Liudmila , Waranuch Neti , Wisuitiprot Wudtichai , Khunkitti Watcharee
Published: April 2022

Background

Asian skin undergoing chronological aging, accumulates signs of photoaging mediated by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Although sunscreens are effective in preventing signs of photoaging, polyphenol‐rich extracts, for example, grape seed extract (GSE) can provide additional protection through the broad spectrum of biological activities.

Aims

To access the effectiveness of a sunscreen formulation containing GSE as an important cosmetic ingredient for the improvement of age‐related changes in Asian skin using noninvasive evaluation techniques.

Methods

Noninvasive methods were used to assess changes in the biophysical properties corresponding to aging signs including melanin and erythema indices, color parameters of the CIE L*a*b* system, elasticity, and hydration of the forearm skin before and after applying the sunscreen with GSE. In addition, to confirm the effectiveness of the tested product, we compared it with benchmark sunscreen, and a cream base containing either GSE or UV filters.

Results

Twice‐daily application of sunscreen containing 3% GSE significantly reduced the level of melanin and erythema and improved overall skin tone. The hydration was drastically increased after 3 h of wearing formulation and was maintained relatively high for 5 h. Skin elasticity parameters, including Young's modulus, retraction time, and viscoelasticity, improved in participants of all age categories (35–59 years). Moreover, sunscreen with GSE, as acclaimed by participants, improved overall skin appearance.

Conclusions

The balancing potential of GSE on the skin, combined with the photoprotective properties of UV filters demonstrated an added value as an anti‐aging agent and proved efficacy for both photo‐ and chronologically‐aged Asian skin.
Efficacy and tolerability of a microneedling device for treating wrinkles on the face
Authors: Alqam Mona , Wamsley Christine E. , Hitchcock Thomas M. , Jones Brian C. , Akgul Yucel , Kenkel Jeffrey M.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

A microneedling pen has been cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration, indicated for improving the appearance of adult facial acne scars. The objective of this study was to assess the device's effectiveness for treating wrinkles of the face area.

Materials and Methods

Healthy adults seeking to improve the appearance of face wrinkles were enrolled (N = 35), receiving four monthly microneedling procedures by a trained aesthetician who treated the face skin per manufacturer instructions. Wrinkle assessments were performed by two trained blinded raters by comparing baseline images of each subject with images obtained at 90 days post‐procedure. Subsequently, the two raters were unblinded for the Clinician's Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (CGAIS) assessment. Subjects completed the Subject's Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (SGAIS) and a Satisfaction Questionnaire at 30 and 90 days post‐treatment.

Results

The study was completed by 32 subjects with a mean (SD) age of 56.3 (5.0) years. Wrinkle assessments demonstrated significant improvement in the face areas (p < 0.001). The SGAIS scores showed significant improvements after 30 and 90 days post‐treatment (for each, p < 0.001). The CGAIS scores also showed significant improvements at 90 days post‐treatment (p < 0.001). Most subjects reported some level of improvement in their appearance at 30 days (73.3%) and 90 days (68.8%) post‐treatment. The satisfaction questionnaire showed high levels of improvement in wrinkles (93.8%), satisfaction with the treatment procedure (87.5%) and would recommend microneedling to friends and family members (80.6%) on the face and neck.

Conclusion

Microneedling is a viable, minimally invasive option for treating wrinkles of the face. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03803059.
Barbarians at the Store? Private Equity, Products, and Consumers
Authors: FRACASSI CESARE , PREVITERO ALESSANDRO , SHEEN ALBERT
Published: April 2022

We investigate the effects of private equity firms on product markets using price and sales data for an extensive number of consumer products. Following a private equity deal, target firms increase retail sales of their products 50% more than matched control firms. Price increases—roughly 1% on existing products—do not drive this growth; the launch of new products and geographic expansion do. Competitors reduce their product offerings and marginally raise prices. Cross‐sectional results on target firms, private equity firms, the economic environment, and product categories suggest that private equity generates growth by easing financial constraints and providing managerial expertise.
Different Undercut Depths Influence on Fatigue Behavior and Retentive Force of Removable Partial Denture Clasp Materials: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zheng Jenny , Aarts John M. , Ma Sunyoung , Waddell John Neil , Choi Joanne Jung Eun
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To perform a systematic review that provides an overview of the current literature on fatigue behavior of removable partial denture (RPD) clasp materials based on different retentive areas.

Materials and methods

The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Electronic searches were done via PubMed, Scopus, and OVID for studies reporting on RPD clasps and the fatigue failure of clasp materials. Inclusion criteria were English language with full text and in vitro studies only. Exclusion criteria were studies that did not assess the fatigue of RPD clasp materials. A quality assessment and selection of full‐text articles were performed according to Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials criteria.

Results

A total of 182 articles were initially identified and screened. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 articles were selected for the final analysis. Seven of the included studies utilized a vertical insertion/removal testing approach. Ten studies used the constant deflection test. Three studies used untapered specimens, and 12 studies used tapered specimens. Ten studies performed post‐test analysis.

Conclusions

Cobalt‐chromium (CoCr) is the strongest material in terms of fatigue in relation to the undercut depth and the modern, digitally manufactured RPD clasp materials also exhibit comparable fatigue behavior. Recent RPD clasp materials such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or laser sintered CoCr, however, require further study in terms of their fatigue behavior. In order to improve the quality of future studies, a standardized and calibrated fatigue testing method is needed with standardized specimen size and shape, which will reduce the risk of bias and enable meta‐analysis for bulk comparison between studies.
Novel causative agents of Fusarium solani species complex causing stem and fruit rot in cucurbit in Taiwan
Authors: Sritongkam Benjapon , Sun Pei‐Lun , Lo Pei‐Hsin , Shen Yuan‐Min , Wang Chao‐Jen , Unartngam Jintana , Chung Wen‐Hsin
Published: April 2022

Four members of Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), F. cucurbiticola, F. petroliphilum, F. falciforme and F. keratoplasticum, cause foot, crown, stem and fruit rot in cucurbits. Although previous studies revealed that F. cucurbiticola was the pathogen causing crown and fruit rot in Taiwan melons, these are unreliable in assessing FSSC infection in cucurbits in Taiwan. We collected 47 FSSC isolates from the stem or fruit rot of bitter gourd, cucumber, luffa, melon and pumpkin, and three FSSC isolates from pumpkin seeds. Eleven pumpkin fruit rot isolates and two pumpkin seed isolates could not infect cucurbit seedlings. Luffa seedlings were tolerant to most FSSC isolates. None of the FSSC isolates could infect cucumber fruits and showed variable virulence in different cucurbit fruits. In addition, only certain FSSC isolates could be amplified by specific primers for F. cucurbiticola and F. petroliphilum. Multilocus sequence typing analyses separated FSSC isolates from the stem or fruit rot or seeds into three molecular groups with high bootstrap values: Group I isolates were F. petroliphilum (FSSC1), Group II isolates were F. solani‐melongenae (FSSC 21) and Group III isolates were F. falciforme (FSSC 3+4). The FSSC isolates amplified by specific primers for race 2 belonged to F. petroliphilum; however, the FSSC isolates amplified by specific primers for race 1 were not F. cucurbiticola. To our knowledge, the three species of the FSSC are novel causative agents in Taiwan.
Exploring individuals’ experiences of hope in mental health recovery: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Murphy Joan , Mulcahy Helen , Mahony James O' , Bradley Stephen
Published: April 2022

Accessible Summary

What is known on the subject?

The delivery of mental health recovery orientated acre is a requirement of mental health professionals and an acknowledged desired outcome for individuals presenting with mental health issues.

Hope has been recognized as one of 5 key processes of mental health recovery, and critically as the key catalyst of recovery.

Mental health nurses are required to be competent in cultivating service user hope.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Novel exploration of how people described and made sense of the lived experience of hope in mental health recovery.

Participants described hope as intrinsic to life in the context of its ability to cultivate desire and provide energy for life and living.

Participants with experience of attempts to end life had a very clear concept of hope as missing at these times.

Participants described the concept of hope as present but hidden to explain their survival through tortuous circumstances.

The themes generated contribute to a greater understanding of the dynamic role and process of hope in mental health recovery.

What are the implications for mental health nursing practice?

Mental health practitioners need to be competent in understanding and cultivating hope as part of a person‐centred approach, embedded in a therapeutic relationship.

All stakeholders including service users, mental health nurses and educators need a more accessible reified dialogue of “hope” that harnesses its therapeutic potential.

Introduction

Mental health services have embraced the philosophy and practice of recovery. Research has confirmed hope as a micro‐process of recovery. The lived experience of hope has received scant attention. This is required to improve understanding and optimize its therapeutic potential.

Aim

To explore how individuals describe and make sense of their experience of hope in mental health recovery.

Method

A qualitative interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach was used. The sample was accessed via email networks. Data were generated through semi‐structured interviews and analysed using an IPA framework.

Results

Three superordinate themes emerged: “Without it we would wither up and die”—Hope as intrinsic to life; “I will be ok”—Having a sense of possibility and “Making it happen”—Moving forward. Individuals referenced hope by its absence when attempts were made to end life, and as present but hidden in tortuous circumstances.

Discussion

Individuals were more familiar with the concept of hopelessness, had a ready‐to‐hand vocabulary of “having no hope” and used this by default to inform what hope meant.

Implications for Practice

It is important that all stakeholders appreciate the context specific interpretation of hope and cultivate dialogue and understanding to harness its therapeutic potential.
Becoming breastfeeding friendly in Wales: Recommendations for scaling up breastfeeding support
Authors: Brown Amy , Chucha Shameela , Trickey Heather
Published: April 2022

Breastfeeding and the provision of human milk is established as protecting infant and maternal health. However, breastfeeding rates in many countries, including Wales, are low. Given the significant health, economic and environmental impacts of this, the need to strengthen breastfeeding promotion, protection and support is paramount. As part of this, the becoming breastfeeding friendly: a guide to global scale‐up (BBF) initiative sets out a methodology to enable countries to assess their readiness to scale up breastfeeding protection, promotion and support by gathering data and scoring progress under eight areas, termed ‘gears’, shown to be essential for large‐scale change. Recently, Wales took part in the BBF initiative. A cross‐sector committee, including stakeholders from Universities, Welsh Government, Public Health Wales and Health Boards alongside critical friends scored Wales’ support for breastfeeding across the eight gears. The overall score for Wales was 1.1 out of a possible 0–3, representing a moderate scaling up the environment for breastfeeding. Six gears were rated in the moderate gear strength category and two (‘Promotion’ and ‘Advocacy’) in the weak gear strength category. Gaps in breastfeeding support were identified and 31 recommendations covering six themes for change were put forward. These included a strategic action plan, consistent and long‐term funding, a nuanced, cocreated engagement and promotion framework, strengthened education and training, robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms and ensuring maternity rights and the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitute are upheld. Taken together, the analysis and recommendations present a clear vision for protecting and not merely promoting breastfeeding in Wales.
Isolation‐by‐distance and genetic parentage analysis provide similar larval dispersal estimates
Authors: Naaykens Taylor , D’Aloia Cassidy C.
Published: April 2022

Larval exchange among marine populations is a vital driver of population dynamics and has the potential to inform conservation actions, but accurately measuring dispersal remains challenging. Consequently, empirical dispersal kernels have been measured for only a few marine species. Here, we obtained indirect dispersal estimates using an isolation‐by‐distance (IBD) model in the coral reef fish Elacatinus lori and assessed the accuracy of these estimates by comparing them to direct measurements of dispersal from genetic parentage analysis. Specifically, drawing on the IBD slope and effective population density, we indirectly estimated sigma (σ), the spread of a dispersal distribution. While the spread of the directly measured distribution was σ = 3.93 km (95% CI: 3.29–4.71 km), the spread of the IBD distribution was σ = 4.10 km (95% CI: 3.23–5.03) and σ = 2.90 km (95% CI: 2.26–3.59), assuming a random or monogamous mating system, respectively. Parameterizing Laplace dispersal kernels with these values of σ yielded patterns that were remarkably similar to a kernel fit to the direct parentage data. We also found that, like many marine fishes, E. lori has a large effective population size. However, uncertainty in effective size did not ultimately have a strong effect on the IBD‐based dispersal estimates. Taken together, these findings illustrate that accurate dispersal estimates can be produced by indirect IBD methods and suggest that this more feasible approach to estimating dispersal may be broadly applicable to the study of marine larval dispersal.
Large‐scale structural health monitoring using composite recurrent neural networks and grid environments
Authors: Eltouny Kareem A. , Liang Xiao
Published: April 2022

The demand for resilient and smart structures has been rapidly increasing in recent decades. With the occurrence of the big data revolution, research on data‐driven structural health monitoring (SHM) has gained traction in the civil engineering community. Unsupervised learning, in particular, can be directly employed solely using field‐acquired data. However, the majority of unsupervised learning SHM research focuses on detecting damage in simple structures or components and possibly low‐resolution damage localization. In this study, an unsupervised learning, novelty detection framework for detecting and localizing damage in large‐scale structures is proposed. The framework relies on a 5D, time‐dependent grid environment and a novel spatiotemporal composite autoencoder network. This network is a hybrid of autoencoder convolutional neural networks and long short‐term memory networks. A 10‐story, 10‐bay, numerical structure is used to evaluate the proposed framework damage diagnosis capabilities. The framework was successful in diagnosing the structure health state with average accuracies of 93% and 85% for damage detection and localization, respectively.
Madeleine Albright: Negotiating Gender at Home and Abroad
Authors: Davies Brooke
Published: April 2022

As the first female United States Secretary of State, Madeleine K. Albright redefined the role of America’s top diplomat. While Albright’s prolific foreign policy achievements are well documented, there has been little analysis of the negotiation style that contributed to her accomplishments. This article argues that Secretary Albright’s negotiation style was formed, at least in part, by the need to respond to her counterparts’ gender‐based stereotypes. Albright managed those stereotypes in two ways: by leveraging them in her negotiations, and by framing her assertiveness so as to avoid a counter stereotypic backlash. How exactly she did so is the focus of this article. Using two case studies from Albright’s tenure as Secretary of State, I draw generalizable lessons for other negotiators looking not only to mitigate, but also exploit, the gender‐based assumptions that they face.
Abscisic acid negatively regulates the Polycomb‐mediated H3K27me3 through the PHD‐finger protein, VIL1
Authors: Zong Wei , Kim Junghyun , Bordiya Yogendra , Qiao Hong , Sung Sibum
Published: April 2022

Polycomb dictates developmental programs in higher eukaryotes, including flowering plants. A phytohormone, abscisic acid (ABA), plays a pivotal role in seed and seedling development and mediates responses to multiple environmental stresses, such as salinity and drought.

In this study, we show that ABA affects the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2)‐mediated Histone H3 Lys 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) through VIN3‐LIKE1/VERNALIZATION 5 (VIL1/VRN5) to fine‐tune the timely repression of ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) and ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4) in Arabidopsis thaliana.

vil1 mutants exhibit hypersensitivity to ABA during early seed germination and show enhanced drought tolerance.

Our study revealed that the ABA signaling pathway utilizes a facultative component of the chromatin remodeling complex to demarcate the level of expression of ABA‐responsive genes.
Automation and the future of work: A social shaping of technology approach
Authors: Howcroft Debra , Taylor Phil
Published: April 2022

Recent years have seen enormous attention paid to automation and its potential implications for the future of work. This study rejects unhelpful speculation and, instead, poses the question ‘what is shaping automation and its predicted effects?’ In contrast to the technological determinism framing much of the current debate, this study utilises the social shaping of technology (SST) approach, a theoretically informed body of research largely overlooked by sociology of work scholars. Compared with mainstream commentary, which treats technology as separate from the social world, SST facilitates examination of how the development and use of technology are shaped by broader socioeconomic concerns and politics. The analysis presented is based on an understanding of how technology is shaped by existing technology, economics, social relations, gender and the state.
Common Sense as a Political Weapon: Populism, Science Skepticism, and Global Crisis‐Solving Motivations
Authors: Staerklé Christian , Cavallaro Matteo , Cortijos‐Bernabeu Anna , Bonny Stéphane
Published: April 2022

This research examines the relationship between populist thinking and global crisis‐solving motivations concerning climate change and the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using data from five European countries (Switzerland, France, Finland, Greece, and Italy), we test a model where crisis‐related science skepticism—understood as the defense of commonsense knowledge against scientific expertise—mediates the association between populist thinking and crisis‐mitigation attitudes. The results show considerable convergence across national contexts. Relative deprivation predicts endorsement of two core components of populism's thin ideology, people sovereignty and antielitism. These subdimensions of populism are linked to science skepticism, although variably across contexts. Science skepticism then leads to a lower sense of personal responsibility for climate change mitigation and to negative attitudes towards a governmental measure to contain the COVID‐19 pandemic. Findings further show that under specific conditions, the populist request for greater democratic participation may mobilize individuals to get involved in crisis mitigation. Overall, our results highlight the role of politicized common sense in motivating and justifying opposition to measures and policies based on scientific expertise. We conclude that science skepticism, rather than populism per se, explains cynical and dismissive attitudes towards global crises.
Navigation network derivation for QR code‐based indoor pedestrian path planning
Authors: Yan Jinjin , Lee Jinwoo (Brian) , Zlatanova Sisi , Diakité Abdoulaye A. , Kim Hyun
Published: April 2022

With the development of cities, the indoor structures of contemporary public or commercial buildings are becoming increasingly complex. Accordingly, the need for indoor navigation has arisen. Among the indoor positioning technologies, quick response (QR) code, a low‐cost, easily deployable, flexible, and efficient approach, has been used for indoor positioning and navigation purposes. A navigation network (model) is a precondition for pedestrian navigation path planning. However, no thorough research has been completed to investigate the relationship between navigation networks and locations of QR codes, which may cause ambiguities when deciding the closest node from the network that should be used for path computation. Specifically, QR codes are generally placed according to preferences or certain specifications whereas current agreed navigation network derivation approaches do not consider that. This article presents a navigation network derivation approach to address the issue by integrating QR code locations as nodes in navigation networks. The present approach is demonstrated in a shopping mall case. The results show that the approach can overcome the above‐mentioned issue for indoor pedestrian path planning based on the QR code localization.
The genomic landscape of blood groups in Indigenous Australians in remote communities
Authors: Jadhao Sudhir , Hoy Wendy , Lee Simon , Patel Hardip R. , McMorran Brendan J. , Flower Robert L. , Nagaraj Shivashankar H.
Published: April 2022

Background

Red blood cell (RBC) membrane‐associated blood group systems are clinically significant. Alloimmunisation is a persistent risk associated with blood transfusion owing to the antigen polymorphisms among these RBC‐associated blood groups. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) offers an opportunity to characterize the blood group variant profile of a given individual. Australia comprises a large multiethnic population where most blood donors are Caucasian and blood group variants remain poorly studied among Indigenous Australians. In this study, we focused on the Tiwi Islanders, who have lived in relative isolation for thousands of years.

Methods and materials

We predicted the blood group phenotype profiles in the Tiwi (457) and 1000 Genomes Phase 3 (1KGP3‐2504) cohort individuals using RBCeq (https://www.rbceq.org/). The predicted phenotype prevalence was compared with the previous literature report.

Results

We report, for the first time, comprehensive blood group profiles corresponding to the 35 known blood group systems among the Indigenous Tiwi islander population and identify possible novel antigen variants therein. Our results demonstrate that the genetic makeup of the Tiwi participants is distinct from that of other populations, with a low prevalence of LU (Au[a−b+]) and ABO (A2) and D+C+c+E+e− phenotype, an absence of Diego blood group variants, and a unique RHD (DIII type4) variant.

Conclusion

Our results may contribute to the development of a database of predicted phenotype donors among the Tiwi population and aid in improving transfusion safety for the ~2800 Tiwi people and the ~800,000 other Indigenous Australians throughout the nation.
A Snake-Inspired Swallowing Robot Based on Hoberman’s Linkages
Authors: Zhang Yang , Qian Zeyu , Huang Hailin , Yang Xiaojun , Li Bing
Published: April 2022

To solve the problems of existing swallowing robots, such as low load capacity, small deploy/fold ratio, and small swallowing space, this article presents a new snake-inspired swallowing robot (SSR) that can synchronously deploy and fold both axially and radially. The SSR is composed of multiple modules, each of which includes two end disk mechanisms (EDMs) and three connecting backbone mechanisms (CBBMs). The EDM is designed based on Hoberman’s linkages to achieve a radial deployment and a folding motion, while the CBBM is designed to realize the axial deployment and the folding movement and connect the EDMs. In addition, the driving device is designed. Then, to achieve the maximum deploy/fold ratio of the SSR and meet the requirements of assembly, the length of the rods is optimized on the basis of the kinematics analysis of the SSR. The final deploy/fold ratio reached up to 2.2459. The ratio of the maximum to the minimum swallowing space is 28.2754. In the end, experiments are conducted to evaluate the ability to swallow and store one object and multiple objects.
Increasing Reliability of Self-Folding of the Origami Hypar
Authors: Liu Addison , Johnson Mykell , Sung Cynthia
Published: April 2022

Self-folding systems, which can transform autonomously from a flat sheet into a 3D machine, provide opportunities for rapidly fabricable robots that are deployable on-demand. Existing self-folding fabrication processes convert fold patterns into laminated structures that respond to external stimuli, most commonly heat. However, demonstrations of these approaches have been generally limited to simple fold patterns with little ambiguity in folding configuration, and the reliability of self-folding drops drastically with the fold pattern complexity. In this paper, we explore methods of biasing a symmetric fold pattern, the origami hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar), to fold into one of the two possible configurations. The biasing methods are simulated using a bar-and-hinge inspired self-folding model that defines a single fold as a bending beam and the hypar crease pattern as an elastic spring network. Simulation results are also verified on physical samples. Based on these results, three techniques to bias the hypar by manipulating the target fold angles are proposed and tested. The results show that biasing a self-folding pattern can increase folding accuracy from 50% (purely random) to 70% and provide insights for improving the reliability of future self-folding systems with complex fold patterns.
Virtual-Reality Training of Elite Boxers Preparing for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study
Authors: Romeas Thomas , More-Chevalier Basil , Charbonneau Mathieu , Bieuzen François
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic struck right during the Olympic preparation, leading to significant training restrictions such as noncontact practices for combat sports. This case study research describes the application of a complementary virtual-reality (VR) intervention to train elite boxers preparing for Tokyo 2020 during the pandemic. It also addresses the evaluation of broader visuocognitive functions in elite boxers. Six boxers were allocated to two groups: one experimental group trained on a 360° VR (360VR) temporal video-occlusion program, and one active control group trained on a VR game simulation during 11 sessions. Pre- and postevaluations of specific decision-making performance were performed on a 360VR evaluation test. Fundamental visual and visuocognitive functions were assessed at baseline. Greater on-test decision-making improvements were observed in the 360VR-trained group compared with VR game, and 360VR offered self-reported satisfactory, representative, and safe individual training opportunities for the boxers. More research is warranted to explore the applications of 360VR and VR simulation for psycho-perceptual-motor-skill evaluation and training. Superior visuocognitive performance was observed in elite boxers and should also be a topic of further investigation. The methodological approach, implementation, and reflections are provided in detail to guide practitioners toward the applied use of VR in the sporting environment.
The Copper Resistome of Group B Streptococcus Reveals Insight into the Genetic Basis of Cellular Survival during Metal Ion Stress
Authors: Goh Kelvin G. K. , Sullivan Matthew J. , Ulett Glen C.
Published: April 2022

Genetic systems for copper (Cu) homeostasis in bacteria, including streptococci, are vital to survive metal ion stress. Genetic systems that underpin survival of GBS during Cu stress, beyond the archetypal
cop
operon for Cu management, are undefined.