bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Suicide Risk Prediction With Polygenic Scores in Psychiatric Emergency Settings: Prospective Study
Authors: Lee Younga Heather , Zhang Yingzhe , Kennedy Chris J , Mallard Travis T , Liu Zhaowen , Vu Phuong Linh , Feng Yen-Chen Anne , Ge Tian , Petukhova Maria V , Kessler Ronald C , Nock Matthew K , Smoller Jordan W
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite growing interest in the clinical translation of polygenic risk scores (PRSs), it remains uncertain to what extent genomic information can enhance the prediction of psychiatric outcomes beyond the data collected during clinical visits alone.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the clinical utility of incorporating PRSs into a suicide risk prediction model trained on electronic health records (EHRs) and patient-reported surveys among patients admitted to the emergency department.

Methods

Study participants were recruited from the psychiatric emergency department at Massachusetts General Hospital. There were 333 adult patients of European ancestry who had high-quality genotype data available through their participation in the Mass General Brigham Biobank. Multiple neuropsychiatric PRSs were added to a previously validated suicide prediction model in a prospective cohort enrolled between February 4, 2015, and March 13, 2017. Data analysis was performed from July 11, 2022, to August 31, 2023. Suicide attempt was defined using diagnostic codes from longitudinal EHRs combined with 6-month follow-up surveys. The clinical risk score for suicide attempt was calculated from an ensemble model trained using an EHR-based suicide risk score and a brief survey, and it was subsequently used to define the baseline model. We generated PRSs for depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, suicide attempt, and externalizing traits using a Bayesian polygenic scoring method for European ancestry participants. Model performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operator curve (AUC), area under the precision-recall curve, and positive predictive values.

Results

Of the 333 patients (n=178, 53.5% male; mean age 36.8, SD 13.6 years; n=333, 100% non-Hispanic and n=324, 97.3% self-reported White), 28 (8.4%) had a suicide attempt within 6 months. Adding either the schizophrenia PRS or all PRSs to the baseline model resulted in the numerically highest discrimination (AUC 0.86, 95% CI 0.73-0.99) compared to the baseline model (AUC 0.84, 95% Cl 0.70-0.98). However, the improvement in model performance was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

In this study, incorporating genomic information into clinical prediction models for suicide attempt did not improve patient risk stratification. Larger studies that include more diverse participants are required to validate whether the inclusion of psychiatric PRSs in clinical prediction models can enhance the stratification of patients at risk of suicide attempts.
Scientific Production Dynamics in mHealth for Diabetes: Scientometric Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Castillo-Valdez Pedro Fernando , Rodriguez-Salvador Marisela , Ho Yuh-Shan
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The widespread use of mobile technologies in health care (mobile health; mHealth) has facilitated disease management, especially for chronic illnesses such as diabetes. mHealth for diabetes is an attractive alternative to reduce costs and overcome geographical and temporal barriers to improve patients’ conditions.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to reveal the dynamics of scientific publications on mHealth for diabetes to gain insights into who are the most prominent authors, countries, institutions, and journals and what are the most cited documents and current hot spots.

METHODS

A scientometric analysis based on a competitive technology intelligence methodology was conducted. An innovative 8-step methodology supported by experts was executed considering scientific documents published between 1998 and 2021 in the Science Citation Index Expanded database. Publication language, publication output characteristics, journals, countries and institutions, authors, and most cited and most impactful articles were identified.

RESULTS

The insights obtained show that a total of 1574 scientific articles were published by 7922 authors from 90 countries, with an average of 15 (SD 38) citations and 6.5 (SD 4.4) authors per article. These documents were published in 491 journals and 92 Web of Science categories. The most productive country was the United States, followed by the United Kingdom, China, Australia, and South Korea, and the top 3 most productive institutions came from the United States, whereas the top 3 most cited articles were published in 2016, 2009, and 2017 and the top 3 most impactful articles were published in 2016 and 2017.

CONCLUSIONS

This approach provides a comprehensive knowledge panorama of research productivity in mHealth for diabetes, identifying new insights and opportunities for research and development and innovation, including collaboration with other entities, new areas of specialization, and human resource development. The findings obtained are useful for decision-making in policy planning, resource allocation, and identification of research opportunities, benefiting researchers, health professionals, and decision makers in their efforts to make significant contributions to the advancement of diabetes science.
Current Status of Barriers to mHealth Access Among Patients With Stroke and Steps Toward the Digital Health Era: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Niyomyart Atsadaporn , Ruksakulpiwat Suebsarn , Benjasirisan Chitchanok , Phianhasin Lalipat , Nigussie Kabtamu , Thorngthip Sutthinee , Shamita Gazi , Thampakkul Jai , Begashaw Lidya
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Mobile health (mHealth) offers significant benefits for patients with stroke, facilitating remote monitoring and personalized health care solutions beyond traditional settings. However, there is a dearth of comprehensive data, particularly qualitative insights, on the barriers to mHealth access. Understanding these barriers is crucial for devising strategies to enhance mHealth use among patients with stroke.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine the recent literature focusing on barriers to mHealth access among patients with stroke.

METHODS

A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CINAHL Plus Full Text was conducted for literature published between 2017 and 2023. Abstracts and full texts were independently screened based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data synthesis was performed using the convergent integrated analysis framework recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute.

RESULTS

A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority were qualitative studies (about 42%), followed by mixed methods (25%), pilot studies (about 17%), nonrandomized controlled trials (about 8%), and observational studies (about 8%). Participants included patients with stroke, caregivers, and various health care professionals. The most common mHealth practices were home-based telerehabilitation (30%) and poststroke mHealth and telecare services (20%). Identified barriers were categorized into two primary themes: (1) at the patient level and (2) at the health provider-patient-device interaction level. The first theme includes 2 subthemes: health-related issues and patient acceptability. The second theme encompassed 3 subthemes: infrastructure challenges (including software, networking, and hardware), support system deficiencies, and time constraints.

CONCLUSIONS

This systematic review underscores significant barriers to mHealth adoption among patients with stroke. Addressing these barriers in future research is imperative to ensure that mHealth solutions effectively meet patients’ needs.
Insulin Injection Technique Education: A survey on knowledge and practice of insulin injection technique education among physicians in Indonesia (Preprint)
Authors: Kshanti Ida Ayu Made , Magfira Nadya , Widyastuti Anak Agung Arie , Nasarudin Jerry , Epriliawati Marina , Mokoagow Md Ikhsan
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Insulin therapy is crucial for diabetes management, and its effectiveness is well-established. With better access to health services, adherence to guidelines, and the availability of insulin, its usage in Indonesia may rise. However, prescribing insulin poses challenges such as storage issues, patient preparation, and proper injection techniques, all of which can impact insulin's effectiveness.

Patient education is vital for successful diabetes management, especially for those on insulin. Indonesia has guidelines for insulin injection techniques, adapted from the Forum for Injection Technique and Therapy Experts (FITTER), but proper insulin use remains insufficient. A preliminary study at a Jakarta hospital revealed that only 6.1% of diabetes patients received education during outpatient treatment.

OBJECTIVE

This study seeks to investigate physicians' knowledge and practice in providing education on insulin use to diabetes patients in Indonesia, as no previous research has addressed this issue.

METHODS

This study recruited potential participants (all physicians in Indonesia) through the internet using convenience sampling method. Participants gave their informed consent before completing the questionnaire. The online questionnaire was created by the research team and pretested on 30 individuals before distributed to participants. The survey lasted from February to March 2021.

RESULTS

A total of 823 participants were included in the analysis. More than 80% of the participants had given insulin education to patients at least once during the last 30 days. However, only 58.20% used specific guidelines in their practice, with only 34.02% aware of the Indonesian guideline. Almost all (99.03%) participants agreed that insulin injection techniques would affect clinical results. The median score of knowledge about insulin injection techniques were 7 (IQR 2) among the study participants.

CONCLUSIONS

Most physicians in this study had given education to their patients. However, there was still a gap between the guideline and practice of insulin education, as shown by the lack of awareness and the fair level of knowledge about the Indonesian guideline.
Correction: Real-World Evidence From a Digital Health Treatment Program for Female Urinary Incontinence: Observational Study of Outcomes Following User-Centered Product Design (Preprint)
Authors: Hall Evelyn , Keyser Laura , McKinney Jessica , Pulliam Samantha , Weinstein Milena
Published: August 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

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Unsupervised Multiple Correspondence Analysis: a relevant tool for investigating associations between prognostic factors in Gliomas (Preprint)
Authors: Goes Job Maria Eduarda , Fukumasu Heidge , Malta Tathiane Maistro , Porfirio Xavier Pedro Luiz
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) is an unsupervised data science methodology that aims to identify and represent associations between categorical variables. Gliomas are an aggressive type of cancer characterized by diverse molecular and clinical features that serve as key prognostic factors. Thus, advanced computational approaches are essential to enhance analysis and interpretation of the associations between clinical and molecular features in gliomas.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to apply MCA to identify associations between glioma prognostic factors and also explore their associations with stemness phenotype.

METHODS

Clinical and molecular data from 448 brain tumor patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The mDNA stemness index, derived from DNA methylation patterns, was built using a one-class logistic regression (OCLR). Associations between variables were evaluated using the chi-squared test with k degrees of freedom, followed by analysis of the adjusted standardized residuals (ASR > 1.96 indicates a significant association between variables). MCA was employed to uncover associations between glioma prognostic factors and stemness.

RESULTS

Our analysis revealed significant associations among molecular and clinical characteristics in gliomas. Additionally, we demonstrated the capability of MCA to identify associations between stemness and these prognostic factors. Our results exhibited a strong association between higher mDNA stemness index and features related to poorer prognosis such as glioblastoma cancer type (ASR: 8.507), grade 4 (ASR: 8.507), IDH Wild Type (ASR:15.904), Unmethylated MGMT Promoter (ASR: 9.983), and TERT expression (ASR: 3.351) demonstrating the utility of MCA as an analytical tool for elucidating potential prognostic factors.

CONCLUSIONS

MCA demonstrates to be a valuable tool for understanding the complex interdependence of prognostic markers in gliomas. MCA facilitates the exploration of large-scale datasets and enhances the identification of significant associations.
Keywords: Brain tumors, Bioinformatics, Stemness, Correspondence Analysis

CLINICALTRIAL
Smartphones and Mental Health Awareness and Utilization in Developing Countries: Focus Group Study (Preprint)
Authors: Alam Nadia , Giacco Domenico , Rasel Sheikh , Siddiqi Mohammad Bulbul Ashraf , Singh Swaran , Jilka Sagar
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Mental health disorders pose a significant challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), contributing substantially to the global disease burden. Despite the high prevalence of these disorders, LMICs allocate less than 1% of health budgets to mental health, resulting in inadequate care and a severe shortage of professionals. Stigma and cultural misconceptions further hinder access to mental health services. These challenges are present in Bangladesh, with high prevalence rates of depression and anxiety, a centralized and under-resourced mental health care system. Digital tools, such as smartphone applications and online platforms, offer innovative solutions to these challenges by increasing accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and scalability of mental health interventions.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to characterise the views around digital tools for mental health among residents of Korail, a major slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh, including the use of smartphones and investigate acceptable digital tools, and barriers and facilitators for digital mental health tools.

METHODS

Eight focus groups (FGs) were conducted with 38 participants, including individuals with serious mental disorders and their caregivers. The FGs were transcribed, translated, and analysed using thematic analysis with NVivo 14 software.

RESULTS

The findings revealed a general lack of awareness and understanding of digital mental health tools among slum residents. However, there was a notable appetite in these tools, recognising their potential to provide timely and cost-effective support, reduce hospital visits, and make healthcare more accessible. Participants highlighted the convenience and communication benefits of smartphones but expressed concerns about misuse such as excessive use, particularly among adolescents. Barriers to the utilisation of digital mental health tools included limited technological literacy and accessibility issues. Despite these challenges, participants acknowledged the potential of these tools to bridge the gap in mental health services, especially for those unable to travel. The importance of providing proper guidance and education to maximize the effectiveness of digital tools was emphasized.

CONCLUSIONS

Digital mental health tools hold promises for improving mental health care in underserved slum communities. This study underscores the need for further research and investment in tailored digital mental health solutions to address the unique needs of slum populations in LMICs.
Lightening the EHR Burden: Five Years of Physician Engagement in a Canadian Mental Health Organization (Preprint)
Authors: Tajirian Tania , Lo Brian , Strudwick Gillian , Tasca Adam , Kendell Emily , Poynter Brittany , Kumar Sanjeev , Chang Po-Yen (Brian) , Kung Candice , Schachter Debbie , Zai Gwyneth , Kiang Michael , Hoppe Tamara , Ling Sara , Haider Uzma , Rabel Kavini , Coombe Noelle , Jankowicz Damian , Sockalingam Sanjeev
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Lightening the EHR burden through the five year analysis of a physician engagement strategy in a Canadian Mental Health Organization focused on the use of electronic health records and the impact of digital health.

OBJECTIVE

This study focuses on evaluating physician burnout related to electronic health record (EHR) usage, and the impact of a Physician Engagement Strategy at a Canadian mental health organization five years post implementation.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the perceived impact of the Physician Engagement Strategy on burnout associated with EHR use. Physicians were invited to participate in an online survey that included the Mini-Z Burnout questionnaire, along with questions about their perceptions of the EHR and the effectiveness of the initiatives within the Physician Engagement Strategy. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the quantitative data, while thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data

RESULTS

Of the 254 physicians invited, 128 completed the survey, resulting in a 50% response rate. Among the respondents, 26% (33/128) met the criteria for burnout according to the Mini-Z questionnaire, with 61% (20/33) of these attributing their burnout to EHR use. About 52% of participants indicated that the EHR improves communication (67/128) and 38% agreed that the EHR enables high quality care (49/128). Regarding the Physician Engagement Strategy initiatives, 39% (50/128) agreed that communication through the strategy is efficient, and 75% (96/128) felt more proficient in using the EHR. However, additional areas for improvement within the EHR were identified, including: 1) Medication Reconciliation & Prescription Processes; 2) Chart Navigation and Information Retrieval; 3) Longitudinal Medication History; and 4) Technology Infrastructure Challenges.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the potential impact of EHRs on physician burnout and the effectiveness of a unique Physician Engagement Strategy in fostering positive perceptions and improving EHR usability among physicians. By evaluating this initiative in a real-world setting, the study contributes to the broader literature on strategies aimed at enhancing physician experience following large-scale EHR implementation. However, the findings indicate a continued need for system-level improvements to maximize the value and usage of EHRs. The Physician Engagement Strategy demonstrates the potential to enhance physicians' EHR experience. Future efforts should prioritize system-level advancements to increase the EHR’s impact on quality of care and develop standardized approaches for engaging physicians on a broader Canadian scale.
An Exergames Program for Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study of Acceptability (Preprint)
Authors: Mak Selene S , Nally Laura M , Montoya Juanita , Marrero Rebecca , DeJonckheere Melissa , Joiner Kevin L , Nam Soohyun , Ash Garrett
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Numerous barriers to moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) exist for youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The virtual exercise games for youth with T1D (ExerT1D) intervention implements synchronous support of MVPA including T1D peers and role models.

OBJECTIVE

To understand the acceptability of this intervention to participants.

METHODS

We conducted post-program, semi-structured, televideo interviews with participating youth to elicit perspectives on acceptability of the intervention and experience with the program. Two coders independently reviewed and analyzed each transcript using a coding scheme developed inductively by senior researchers. Discrepancies were resolved by team discussion, and multiple codes were grouped together to produce four main thematic areas.

RESULTS

All 15 participants provided interviews [14-19 years old; 2 non-binary, 6 females; 7.8% median HbA1c, 5 with HbA1c≥10.0%]. Qualitative data revealed four themes. (1) Motivation to engage in PA: Improving their physical capabilities and/or stabilizing glucose levels were cited as motivation for PA. Challenges of living with T1D were cited as PA barriers. (2) Experience with and motivation to manage diabetes while engaging in PA: Participants provided details of accommodating the inherent uncertainty or limitations of PA with diabetes. Sometimes preparing for PA involved psychological and motivational adjustments. Some relayed feelings of avoidance. (3) Peer support encouraged engagement with the intervention: Participants appreciated the peer aspects of components of ExerT1D. Participants’ reflections of the facilitated group experience highlight many benefits of a small-group virtual program. (4) Improvements in PA and diabetes self-management efficacy: All participants credited the program with improving and/or raising awareness of T1D management skills.

CONCLUSIONS

Our virtual PA intervention using an active video game and discussion component provided adolescents with T1D the confidence and peer support to engage in PA, improve awareness of diabetes-specific tasks to prepare for exercise, and improved understanding of the effect of PA on glucose levels. Engaging youth with a virtual videogame intervention is a viable approach to overcome barriers to PA for adolescents with T1D.

CLINICALTRIAL

Interviewed participants of clinical trial NCT05163912
Evaluation and Analysis of Regional Capacity for Industrial Undertaking in Guangdong Province Under the Context of Industrial Transfer
Authors: Fan Yu
Published: August 2024

Industrial transfer and undertaking are unavoidable consequences of the free allocation of enterprises and resources in space, and reasonable transfer and undertaking in the region will have an impact on the region’s future coordinated growth. This paper examines industrial transfer in Guangdong Province through a perspective of industrial undertaking place, primarily using the push-pull model of industrial transfer as a theoretical foundation. It measures and analyses 21 cities in Guangdong Province across four dimensions: regional infrastructure capacity, industrial scale advantage, market volume and potential, and regional brand effect. The three components of industrial scale effect gravity, regional infrastructure gravity, and regional industrial structure gravity are extracted by factors to interpret the undertaking capacity of each region, sort out the gradient and orderly transfer scheme from the Pearl River Delta（PRD）region to the east-northwest of Guangdong Province, and make some recommendations.
«Sólo Dios y nosotros sabemos de esto». Uniones filiales, consanguíneas y causas de dispensa matrimonial en Ciudad Real (Chiapas, México) en la primera mitad del siglo XIX
Authors: Morales Hernández Benjamín , Méndez Pérez Beatriz Guadalupe
Published: August 2024

En el presente artículo se analiza el procedimiento mediante el cual, en el siglo XIX, los ciudadanos ladinos en la ciudad que hoy conocemos como San Cristóbal de Las Casas (Chiapas, México) pudieron sortear los impedimentos que estorbaban enlaces matrimoniales de ciertos tipos. Para lograrlo, se da cuenta de los elementos que definieron el matrimonio a lo largo de distintas épocas y lugares, y que finalmente terminaron por normar las relaciones sociales en esta ciudad. En la exposición de los casos se puede observar que, más allá del cumplimiento de la norma, las personas involucradas ponderaron sus intereses y adaptaron el derecho de acuerdo con sus propias necesidades.
OFDM-IDMA Uplink Multi-user System with Scalable Latency for Next Generation WLAN
Authors: Vishwakarma Ravi Prakash , Shukla Shambhavi M
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Compared to OFDM-CDMA, the OFDM-IDMA method has several advantages, including a lower ISI and more efficient cross-cell interference mitigation. Furthermore, IDMA supports a turbo-type iterative MUD algorithm that is easy to use and efficient for systems with a high user count. This gives us a high throughput system. In this paper, we examine how variations in SNR during wireless communication affect bit error rate (BER) in a combined IDMA-OFDMA framework. By using IDMA for iterative discovery, the cyclic prefixing approach in OFDM can minimize ISI. Flexible rate adaptation, frequency diversity, low-cost iterative multi-user detection, and notable improvements in spectrum and power efficiency are all advantages of OFDM-IDMA.
Ermitaños y alfareros: hacia una historia discontinua de la producción cerámica en el Desierto de la Candelaria
Authors: Castellanos Montes Daniela
Published: August 2024

Este artículo aporta a la historia de la alfarería en Colombia desde un ángulo poco explorado: la presencia de ermitaños en el Desierto de la Candelaria. Si bien la arqueología y la antropología han documentado la cerámica prehispánica y sus transformaciones, conocemos menos sobre los intercambios y relaciones entre España y el Nuevo Mundo a partir de la influencia de religiosos en la tecnología alfarera durante la Colonia. Hornos de leña visibles en el paisaje y una tradición oral que sitúa a los monjes del siglo XVI como pioneros del oficio alfarero son señales de estos posibles intercambios. Retomando datos históricos y etnográficos sobre los ermitaños que fundaron el monasterio de la Candelaria y sus relaciones con la población local de alfareros y campesinos de Ráquira, además de reportes arqueológicos, el texto analiza la cerámica y sus desechos para rastrear una historia discontinua entre ermitaños y alfareros, y sus relaciones desde las fracturas del tiempo y el espacio.
The Role of Duodenogastroesophageal Reflux in the Progression of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: From Esophagitis to Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Storonova O. A. , Paraskevova A. V. , Makushina A. A.
Published: August 2024

Aim: to present data on the role of bile acids in the progression of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and the development of esophageal dysplasia and adenocarcinoma and to provide a rationale for the use of ursodeoxycholic acid in addition to basic therapy in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Key points. The prevalence of GERD in the world is 13.98 %. In the absence of the necessary treatment or non-compliance with the recommended regimens and duration of drug use, complications of GERD develop such as stricture, bleeding, BE, which, in turn, is a risk factor for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The basic therapy for GERD is proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), but up to 40 % of patients do not fully respond to PPI monotherapy, which indicates the need to consider, among the factors in the pathogenesis of GERD, the persistence of weakly acidic and weakly alkaline refluxes, the presence of which can be diagnosed by performing 24-hour impedance-pH monitoring. It has been proven that refluxate is predominantly acidic in nature in 50 % of patients with GERD, acidic with a bile component in 39.7 %, and 10.3 % of patients have bile reflux. The weaklly alkaline nature of reflux, due to the presence of duodenal contents, significantly increases the incidence of intestinal metaplasia with dysplasia and EAC compared to acidic pH values. Therefore, stopping duodenal reflux may be an important step in preventing the development of EAC. Among the components of duodenal contents that have a damaging effect on the mucous membrane of the esophagus, the role of bile acids has been most studied. The presence of hydrophobic bile acids, namely deoxycholic acid (DCA), is associated with oxidative DNA damage in lesions of intestinal-type columnar cell metaplasia. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a hydrophilic bile acid, is a natural competitive inhibitor of DCA and prevents DNA damage and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation caused by toxic bile acids in BE epithelial cells. The cytoprotective effect of UDCA, aimed at preventing DNA damage and increasing the reparative capacity of cells in the metaplastic epithelium of the BE, allows us to consider this drug as a means of chemoprophylaxis in patients diagnosed with GERD.

Conclusion. The addition of UDCA drugs to the basic therapy is pathogenetically justified in patients with GERD in the presence of duodenogastroesophageal reflux. Prescribing complex therapy will reduce the incidence of esophagitis, progression of BE with the development of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma caused by exposure to bile acids.
Mediación y convivencia: nuevos retos y nuevas oportunidades
Authors: Vega García Paula
Published: August 2024

Una lectura exegética del título del libro “Mediación y Convivencia: Nuevos Retos y Nuevas Oportunidades” nos lleva a pensar que se ha avanzado bastante en materia de mediación, como vehículo para garantizar la convivencia. Se han superado viejos retos. Sin embargo, deben afrontarse nuevos retos que, en parte, también supone recoger aquellos retos ya propuestos y no logrados. Los estudiosos que participan en esta obra, se encargan de analizar y dar respuesta a muchos de estos retos desde muy distintas aproximaciones y desde muy diversos ámbitos. Puede afirmarse que esta publicación supone una verdadera radiografía o descripción del estado de la cuestión a nivel internacional. Además, la riqueza de la multidisciplinariedad se pone de manifiesto en cada publicación de la Conferencia Internacional para el Estudio de la Mediación y el Conflicto (CUEMYC), bajo cuyo auspicio se lanza esta publicación. Para justificar la afirmación de que la mediación debe aún afrontar grandes retos y retomar alguno de los no cumplidos, no hay más que observar las grandes temáticas en las que se ha sistematizado el índice de esta ambiciosa publicación: Métodos y técnicas en mediación, Mediación, empresa y consumo, Mediación y convivencia universitaria, Mediación y educación, Mediación y Administración de justicia, Mediación familiar, discapacidad y minoría de edad, Mediación socio-sanitaria y deportiva. No cabe duda de que se plantean muchos y variados retos, desde la propia metodología o bases sobre las que se desarrolla esta modalidad de solución de conflictos, hasta en cuestiones tan concretas como la mediación en el ámbito universitario o en el ámbito deportivo. Suele considerarse que la manifestación de un conflicto puede presentarse como una oportunidad para generar un cambio, superar el conflicto, transformar las relaciones de las personas implicadas y mejorarlas. La mediación se presenta como el instrumento idóneo o adecuado. En este sentido, también puede entenderse en título de la obra cuando se refiere a nuevas oportunidades.
Blockchain para asegurar la integridad y trazabilidad en la cadena de custodia de evidencia digital en informática forense: un estudio de mapeo sistemático
Authors: Vaca Pablo A. , Dulce Villarreal Edgar R.
Published: August 2024

La incorporación de blockchain como estrategia para mejorar la seguridad de la información en diversos sectores de la sociedad se ha identificado como una potencial solución para reducir los riesgos asociados con el tratamiento de datos en Internet. Garantizar la cadena de custodia en investigaciones forenses es esencial para preservar el registro y procedencia de la evidencia digital. No obstante, la falta de investigación en el desarrollo e implementación de soluciones que integren blockchain para la cadena de custodia dificulta su aplicación y adopción. Por ello, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo clasificar las características de blockchain que permiten garantizar la integridad y trazabilidad de la evidencia digital en el proceso de cadena de custodia, mediante una revisión de literatura basada en un Estudio de Mapeo Sistemático. El estudio describió los conceptos y estado actual de blockchain en relación con la cadena de custodia. Los hallazgos revelaron diversos marcos, pruebas de concepto, prototipos y protocolos que propusieron aplicaciones de blockchain en el registro, intercambio y trazabilidad de evidencia digital en diferentes contextos, así como los beneficios, limitaciones y desafíos asociados con su implementación. Como conclusión final, se destaca la estrecha relación entre integridad y trazabilidad como propiedades fundamentales para la construcción de aplicaciones blockchain, además de proporcionar una base sólida de información que pueda servir de referencia para futuras investigaciones.
Impactos socioeconômicos e ambientais à população local no entorno de uma intervenção rodoviária em Juiz de Fora/MG
Authors: Silveira Fábio Jacob da , Rocha Cézar Henrique Barra
Published: August 2024

A implementação de uma rodovia em uma área urbana consolidada promoveu impactos socioeconômicos e ambientais diversos na chamada Cidade Alta, em Juiz de Fora/MG. Analisa-se criticamente e são apresentados os inerentes impactos à construção da rodovia BR-440, bem como seu percurso nos diversos planos municipais que foi incluída, desde sua concepção em 1978 ao último plano diretor, de 2018. Discute-se como o planejamento urbano local é afetado por alterações em suas proposições que se traduzem em impactos à população em seu cotidiano e qualidade de vida. Conclui-se que a falta de inclusão da sociedade nas decisões que a afetam diretamente foi a prática comum dos planos urbanos em Juiz de Fora até antes a elaboração do último plano diretor.
Distribuição espaço-temporal das salas de cinema no bairro de Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro (1909-2021)
Authors: Cruz Vinícius Burle Ferreira Araujo , Gomes Paulo Cesar da Costa
Published: August 2024

No presente trabalho, a partir de uma análise da sala de cinema como uma forma urbana passível de ser compreendida a partir de seus aspectos locacionais, foi investigado como se deu a distribuição espaço-temporal das salas de Copacabana ao longo do período da atividade no bairro (1909-2021) e como foi a sua trajetória. Para isso foi levantado as características dos cinemas de Copacabana (tempo de atividade, capacidade e localização) a partir dos dados obtidos no catálogo de Gonzaga (1996) e dados adicionais do acervo hemerográfico da Biblioteca Nacional. Com isso, foi construída uma periodização da atividade de exibição cinematográfica no bairro e foi analisado os eixos pelo qual esta se concentrou espacialmente.
Riscos e Vulnerabilidade socioambiental urbana em Iranduba-Amazonas
Authors: Alves Neliane de Sousa , Correa Ana Carolina Gomes , Silva Igor Ribeiro da
Published: August 2024

O mapeamento e setorização de áreas de alto risco são considerados ferramentas para lidar com desastres naturais. Devido ao aumento populacional e à ocupação desordenada do território, o município de Iranduba (AM) está sujeito a diversos tipos de riscos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar áreas socialmente vulneráveis que se sobrepõem a espaços ambientalmente favoráveis aos movimentos de massa, criando um mapa de risco para a ocorrência deste fenômeno na zona urbana de Iranduba. A determinação e análise do risco basearam-se no entendimento de que o risco decorre da combinação de fatores ambientais físicos (perigos naturais) e condições socioeconómicas (vulnerabilidade) da população exposta. Os resultados apontam a vulnerabilidade como principal fator determinante do risco local.
Leveraging ChatGPT for Enhancing the Internal Audit Process—A Real-World Example from Uniper, a Large Multinational Company
Authors: Emett Scott , Eulerich Marc , Lipinski Egemen , Prien Nicolo , Wood David A.
Published: August 2024

SYNOPSIS

We discuss how the internal audit function (IAF) of a large multinational energy company, Uniper, is using ChatGPT to enhance internal auditing tasks. We investigate the benefits and challenges of integrating ChatGPT into internal audit processes and assess internal auditors’ perception of the impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of the IAF. Uniper has implemented ChatGPT into audit preparation, fieldwork, and audit reporting tasks. Based on initial tests, the IAF estimates efficiency gains ranging from 50 to 80 percent for various processes. We report key risks and challenges associated with using ChatGPT in internal auditing and identify key practices and rules adopted by Uniper for using ChatGPT. This study should help practitioners learn how ChatGPT can aid in auditing and help inform researchers about this emerging technology.
Integrating Process Mining and Machine Learning for Advanced Internal Control Evaluation in Auditing
Authors: Duan Huijue Kelly , Vasarhelyi Miklos A. , Codesso Mauricio
Published: August 2024

This study proposes an internal control evaluation model that incorporates process mining and machine learning into audit procedures. The model consists of four components: process mining analysis, rule-based variant analysis, control risk assessment, and anomaly detection. It utilizes process mining to uncover transactions that deviate from normative process flows, assesses the underlying associated controls with these deviations, and applies machine learning algorithms to supply a quantitative measure at a transactional level to determine highly anomalous areas. Using a real-world dataset for demonstration, the model identifies control weaknesses and missing controls, and directs the investigation toward high-risk control areas. This study contributes to the literature on the application of emerging technologies in accounting and auditing and aims to generate practical implications.
Effect of Bleaching Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of the Dentin Matrix and on Collagen Biodegradation by Endogenous Protease
Authors: Junquera LB , Carlos NR , Otsuki M , Basting RT
Published: August 2024

This study evaluated the mechanical properties of demineralized dentin matrix submitted to different bleaching treatments, as well as the changes in mass and collagen biodegradation brought about by endogenous protease. Dentin collagen matrices were prepared to receive the following treatments (n=12): no bleaching treatment (C–control), 10% carbamide peroxide (CP–Opalescence PF, Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA) 10%/8 hours/ day/14 days, and 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP–Opalescence Boost, Ultradent), 40 minutes per session/3 sessions. The dentin matrices were evaluated for elastic modulus and mass before and after treatments and ultimate tensile strength after treatments. The solution collected during storage was evaluated for hydroxyproline release. There was no statistically significant difference between CP and C in terms of the elastic modulus (p=0.3697) or mass variation (p=0.1333). Dentin beams treated with HP and C presented significant mass loss after the first session (p=0.0003). HP treatment led to complete degradation of collagen matrices after the second bleaching session. After the second session, CP showed higher hydroxyproline concentration than C (p<0.0001). Ultimate tensile strength was lower for CP than C (p=0.0097). CP did not affect the elastic modulus or the dentin collagen matrix mass but did promote hydroxyproline release by endogenous protease and reduce the ultimate tensile strength. HP significantly affected the mechanical properties of dentin and promoted complete degradation of the demineralized dentin collagen matrix.
Effect of Surface Treatment with Zirconium Dioxide Slurry on the Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Ultratranslucent Zirconia
Authors: Colombino ACL , Bellan MC , Correr-Sobrinho L , Miranzi BAS , Calabrez-Filho S , Platt JA , Spohr AM , Borges GA
Published: August 2024

This laboratory study aimed to evaluate the effects of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) slurry surface treatment on the bond strength of ultratranslucent zirconia to resin cement using different ceramic primers. The surface morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the interface was evaluated by SEM. Additionally, the phase composition was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Specimens of zirconia (n=120) were obtained and divided into two groups according to the surface treatment: (1) airborne particle abrasion with 50-μm aluminum oxide (n=60) and (2) ZrO2 slurry (n=60). The 60 specimens were then further divided into three groups (n=20) according to the ceramic primer application: no primer (NP), Monobond N (MB), and Clearfil ceramic primer (CP). Four resin cement cylinders were built on each ceramic specimen. Half of the specimens (n=10) were subjected to a microshear bond strength (μSBS) test after 24 hours of storage in distilled water, and the other half (n=10) were subjected to a μSBS test after thermocycling. Additional specimens were prepared for SEM, AFM, and XRD analyses. According to the Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc tests, the μSBS values were significantly higher for MB and CP than for NP (p<0.05), and there were no significant differences in μSBS for both surface treatments associated with MB and CP after 24 hours of storage (p>0.05). Thermocycling significantly decreased the μSBS values for all specimens, especially for the NP groups and ZrO2 slurry treatment groups, and gaps at the interface were observed by SEM. SEM and AFM analyses showed agglomerate-type irregularities on the ceramic surface for ZrO2 slurry treatment. XRD spectra showed that ZrO2 slurry did not cause phase transformation. It was concluded that ZrO2 slurry promoted irregularities on the ultratranslucent zirconia surface, not causing phase transformation; moreover, the values of μSBS were comparable to those of airborne particle abrasion with aluminum oxide. However, neither surface treatment nor ceramic primer prevented the degradation of the interface.
Flexural Properties, Wear Resistance, and Microstructural Analysis of Highly Filled Flowable Resin Composites
Authors: Francois P , Attal JP , Fasham T , Troizier-Cheyne M , Gouze H , Abdel-Gawad S , Le Goff S , Dursun E , Ceinos R
Published: August 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the flexural properties and two-body wear resistance of nine highly filled flowable resin composites relative to those of viscous and conventional low-filled flowable composites. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the microstructures was performed.

Methods and Materials:

For each resin composite group (n=12), 12 specimen bars (25 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm) were fabricated using a silicon mold for performing flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (E), flexural toughness (FT), Weibull modulus (m) tests, and SEM microstructural analysis. For each group, ten bars were tested using a three-point flexural test on a universal testing machine, while the other two were embedded in acrylic resin before being observed by SEM for structural analysis. During the two-body wear test with a chewing simulator, 8 specimens (12 groups, n=8) of each resin composite group were manufactured in a specific mold and subjected to 120,000 cycles of wear against a steatite ball, and the depth loss was measured. Three one-way ANOVA tests followed by Tukey's post hoc tests were conducted to compare the flexural and wear properties among the different groups.

Results:

The majority of highly filled composites tested in this study exhibited similar flexural strengths (between 105.68 MPa and 135.49 MPa) and superior wear resistance to those of viscous composites. The flexural moduli (between 5.12 GPa and 9.62 GPa) of these composites were in between those of the viscous and low-filled composites tested in this study.

Conclusions:

The highly filled flowable composites tested in this study exhibited different in vitro properties but were often superior to those of viscous resin composite suggesting their possible use for posterior restorations.
In silico medicine and -omics strategies in nephrology: contributions and relevance to the diagnosis and prevention of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Checa-Ros Ana , Locascio Antonella , Steib Nelia , Okojie Owahabanun-Joshua , Malte-Weier Totte , Bermúdez Valmore , D’Marco Luis
Published: August 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasing over the last years, with a rate between 0.49% to 0.87% new cases per year. Currently, the number of affected people is around 850 million worldwide. CKD is a slowly progressive disease that leads to irreversible loss of kidney function, end-stage kidney disease, and premature death. Therefore, CKD is considered a global health problem, and this sets the alarm for necessary efficient prediction, management, and disease prevention. At present, modern computer analysis, such as in silico medicine (ISM), denotes an emergent data science that offers interesting promise in the nephrology field. ISM offers reliable computer predictions to suggest optimal treatments in a case-specific manner. In addition, ISM offers the potential to gain a better understanding of the kidney physiology and/or pathophysiology of many complex diseases, together with a multiscale disease modeling. Similarly, -omics platforms (including genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics), can generate biological data to obtain information on gene expression and regulation, protein turnover, and biological pathway connections in renal diseases. In this sense, the novel patient-centered approach in CKD research is built upon the combination of ISM analysis of human data, the use of in vitro models, and in vivo validation. Thus, one of the main objectives of CKD research is to manage the disease by the identification of new disease drivers, which could be prevented and monitored. This review explores the wide-ranging application of computational medicine and the application of -omics strategies in evaluating and managing kidney diseases.
Measles Vaccine in Kano, Northern Nigeria: Past, Present and Future
Authors: KI Yahaya
Published: August 2024

Rubeola, the primary agent for measles, is extremely contagious and has contributed significantly to the disruption of the health system in northern Nigeria—Kano state, specifically. Because this virus is infectious and only reacts well to medical support rather than specific antiviral treatment, it is exceedingly complicated and difficult to treat. Consequently, before the development of a vaccine, measles caused a great deal of mortality. Despite the introduction of systematic vaccination programs throughout Africa, particularly in Nigeria, Kano with no exception, no area has been declared measles-free. Deliberate coverage tactics, on one hand, have shown to be effective, in order to reach every part of the community. This is done regionally, compared to 9% when handled locally. This strategy achieved 95% coverage. Nevertheless, parents in Kano worry about their children’s safety and are caught between misinformation and worries. As a result, the health organization has a responsibility to guarantee that parents and guardians receive sufficient information about the benefits of early and regular vaccination.