bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of systemic lidocaine on postoperative quality of recovery, the gastrointestinal function, inflammatory cytokines of lumbar spinal stenosis surgery: a randomized trial
Authors: Wu Yu , Chen Zhuoming , Yao Caimiao , Sun Houxin , Li Hongxia , Du Xuyang , Cheng Jianzheng , Wan Xiaojian
Published: October 2023

Surgery is one of the most frequent and effective intervention strategies for lumbar spinal stenosis, however, one-third of patients are not satisfied with postoperative outcomes. It is not clear whether perioperative systemic lidocaine could accelerate the early postoperative quality of recovery in patients undergoing lumbar spinal stenosis surgery. 66 patients were enrolled in this trial. Lidocaine or placebo was administered at a loading dose of 1.5 mg/kg for 10 min and then infused at 2.0 mg/kg/hour till the end of surgery. Continued infusion by postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with a dose of 40 mg/hour. The primary outcome was the quality of recovery. Secondary outcomes included the time of the patient's first flatus, catheter removal time, underground time from the end of the surgery, pain score, levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α), postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), sufentanil rescues, patients’ satisfaction scores, and complications of lidocaine. Eventually, 56 patients were in the final analysis with similar age, Body Mass Index (BMI), duration of surgery and anesthesia, and median QoR-15 score (a development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Postoperative Quality of Recovery Score). The difference in median QoR-15 score in placebo versus lidocaine patients was statistically significant (IQR, 106 (104–108) versus 114 (108.25–119.25), P < 0.001). The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score at the 12th hour, median sufentanil rescue consumption, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) of patients treatment with lidocaine were lower. Nevertheless, patients given lidocaine had high satisfaction scores. Suggesting that lidocaine enhanced the postoperative quality of recovery, met early postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery, provided superior pain relief, lessened inflammatory cytokines, etc., indicating it may be a useful intervention to aid recovery following lumbar spinal stenosis surgery.
Increased risk of chronic kidney disease in uric acid stone formers with high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
Authors: Tung Hsiu-Ting , Liu Chia-Min , Huang Ho-Shiang , Lu Ze‐Hong , Liu Chan-Jung
Published: October 2023

Urolithiasis is associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), irrespective of stone compositions. Chronic inflammation is an important factor for CKD progression. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been recognized as a reliable biomarker of inflammation, yet its use in predicting renal deterioration in patients with urolithiasis remains limited. We aimed to explore whether the combination of stone composition and NLR could be useful as a predictor for CKD risk. A total of 336 stone formers with at least one stone submission for analysis were enrolled in the retrospective study. Stones were classified into uric acid and calcium groups. Renal functions were assessed at least one month after stone treatment. Uric acid stone formers had significantly lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) compared with calcium stone formers (p < 0.001). NLR was significantly higher in uric acid stone formers (p = 0.005), and a significantly negative correlation (p < 0.001) between NLR and eGFR had been observed only in uric acid stone group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that higher proportion of uric acid stone composition and higher NLR were both significantly associated with CKD risks. A nomogram integrating independent predictors was generated for CKD prediction, yielding an AUC of 0.811 (0.764–0.858). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that stone formers with higher proportion of uric acid composition and higher NLR levels were associated with higher CKD risk.
Adaptive EWMA control chart for monitoring the coefficient of variation under ranked set sampling schemes
Authors: Riaz Afshan , Noor-ul-Amin Muhammad , Emam Walid , Tashkandy Yusra , Yasmeen Uzma , Rahimi Javed
Published: October 2023

In this study, we introduce an Adaptive Exponentially Weighted Moving based Coefficient of Variation (AEWMCV) control chart, designed to address situations where the process mean fluctuates over time and the standard deviation of the process changes linearly with the process mean. To enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the control chart, we integrate the ranked set sampling method and its modified schemes, such as Simple Random Sampling, Quartile RSS, Median RSS, and Extreme RSS. The performance of the proposed AEWMCV control chart and the studied CV control charts are evaluated using the Average Run Length and Standard Deviation of Run Length metrics. Our findings reveal that the proposed control chart outperforms the existing CV control charts, especially in detecting slight to moderate changes in the process CV. To illustrate the practical applicability of the suggested control chart, we present an example demonstrating its use on a real dataset. The results highlight the superior performance of the AEWMCV control chart in accurately detecting and responding to changes in the process CV. In conclusion, our study introduces an innovative AEWMCV control chart that combines ranked set sampling and its modified schemes to enhance performance in scenarios with fluctuating process means and changing standard deviations. The proposed control chart proves to be more effective in detecting subtle variations in the process CV compared to traditional CV control charts. This research provides a valuable contribution to the field of control chart methodology, especially when dealing with challenging or costly data collection scenarios.
Combined telemonitoring and telecoaching for heart failure improves outcome
Authors: Knoll Katharina , Rosner Stefanie , Gross Stefan , Dittrich Dino , Lennerz Carsten , Trenkwalder Teresa , Schmitz Stefanie , Sauer Stefan , Hentschke Christian , Dörr Marcus , Kloss Christian , Schunkert Heribert , Reinhard Wibke
Published: October 2023

Telemedicine has been shown to improve the outcome of heart failure (HF) patients in addition to medical and device therapy. We investigate the effectiveness of a comprehensive telehealth programme in patients with recent hospitalisation for HF on subsequent HF hospitalisations and mortality compared to usual care in a real-world setting. The telehealth programme consists of daily remote telemonitoring of HF signs/symptoms and regular individualised telecoaching sessions. Between January 2018 and September 2020, 119,715 patients of a German health insurer were hospitalised for HF and were eligible for participation in the programme. Finally, 6065 HF patients at high risk for re-hospitalisation were enroled. Participants were retrospectively compared to a propensity score matched usual care group (n = 6065). Median follow-up was 442 days (IQR 309–681). Data from the health insurer was used to evaluate outcomes. After one year, the number of hospitalisations for HF (17.9 vs. 21.8 per 100 patient years, p < 0.001), all-cause hospitalisations (129.0 vs. 133.2 per 100 patient years, p = 0.015), and the respective days spent in hospital (2.0 vs. 2.6 days per year, p < 0.001, and 12.0 vs. 13.4, p < 0.001, respectively) were significantly lower in the telehealth than in the usual care group. Moreover, participation in the telehealth programme was related to a significant reduction in all-cause mortality compared to usual care (5.8 vs. 11.0 %, p < 0.001). In a real-life setting of ambulatory HF patients at high risk for re-hospitalisation, participation in a comprehensive telehealth programme was related to a reduction of HF hospitalisations and all-cause mortality compared to usual care.
Tradeoffs between resources and risks shape the responses of a large carnivore to human disturbance
Authors: Mills Kirby L. , Belant Jerrold L. , Beukes Maya , Dröge Egil , Everatt Kristoffer T. , Fyumagwa Robert , Green David S. , Hayward Matt W. , Holekamp Kay E. , Radloff F. G. T. , Spong Göran , Suraci Justin P. , Van der Weyde Leanne K. , Wilmers Christopher C. , Carter Neil H. , Sanders Nathan J.
Published: October 2023

Wide-ranging carnivores experience tradeoffs between dynamic resource availabilities and heterogeneous risks from humans, with consequences for their ecological function and conservation outcomes. Yet, research investigating these tradeoffs across large carnivore distributions is rare. We assessed how resource availability and anthropogenic risks influence the strength of lion (Panthera leo) responses to disturbance using data from 31 sites across lions’ contemporary range. Lions avoided human disturbance at over two-thirds of sites, though their responses varied depending on site-level characteristics. Lions were more likely to exploit human-dominated landscapes where resources were limited, indicating that resource limitation can outweigh anthropogenic risks and might exacerbate human-carnivore conflict. Lions also avoided human impacts by increasing their nocturnal activity more often at sites with higher production of cattle. The combined effects of expanding human impacts and environmental change threaten to simultaneously downgrade the ecological function of carnivores and intensify human-carnivore conflicts, escalating extinction risks for many species.
An electrochemical molecularly imprinted microfluidic paper-based chip for detection of inflammatory biomarkers IL-6 and PCT
Authors: Li Wenpeng , Xiang Jiawen , Han Jinglong , Man Mingsan , Chen Lingxin , Li Bowei
Published: October 2023

Based on surface biomolecular imprinting technology, a rotary microfluidic electrochemical paper-based chip (MIP-ePADs) was proposed for sensitive and selective detection of human interleukin 6 (IL-6) and procalcitonin (PCT).
Covalent targeting of non-cysteine residues in PI4KIIIβ
Authors: Cosgrove Brett , Grant Emma K. , Bertrand Sophie , Down Kenneth D. , Somers Don O. , P. Evans John , Tomkinson Nicholas C. O. , Barker Michael D.
Published: October 2023

The synthesis and characterisation of fluorosulfate covalent inhibitors of the catalytic lysine, a distal tyrosine or both residues in the lipid kinase PI4KIIIβ is described.
Advances in chloride additives for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells: multiple points of view
Authors: Liu Xue , Guo Yanru , Cheng Yu , Lu Shirong , Li Ru , Chen Jiangzhao
Published: October 2023

Chloride additives for high performance perovskite solar cells, and the understanding of their roles from the viewpoint of their solubility, volatility, cation size and chemical groups.
Development of 18F-Labeled hydrophilic trans-cyclooctene as a bioorthogonal tool for PET probe construction
Authors: Xu Muyun , Ma Xinrui , Pigga Jessica E. , Zhang He , Wang Shuli , Zhao Weiling , Deng Huaifu , Wu Anna M. , Liu Rihe , Wu Zhanhong , Fox Joseph M. , Li Zibo
Published: October 2023

We developed a hydrophilic 18F-labeled a-TCO derivative [18F]3 through a readily available precursor and a single-step radiofluorination reaction.[18F]3 can be used to construct multiple small molecule- and protein-based imaging probes.
Carborane-based heteromolecular extended networks driven by directional C–Te⋯N chalcogen bonding interactions
Authors: Beau Maxime , Jeannin Olivier , Fourmigué Marc , Aubert Emmanuel , Espinosa Enrique , Lee Sunhee , Han Won-Sik , Jeon Ie-Rang
Published: October 2023

Bis(telluromethyl)-o-carborane directs, in the presence of linear ditopic neutral Lewis bases, the formation of 1D extended supramolecular networks driven by efficient C–Te⋯N chalcogen bonding interactions.
A heteropolytungstate based 2D layered porous framework with high proton conductivity
Authors: Yang Mengnan , Zhang Yao , Ji Shiyan , Li Huafeng , Ma Xinyi , Jin Yuzhen , Ma Pengtao , Wang Jingping , Niu Jingyang
Published: October 2023

A heteropolytungstate-based 2D layered weaving framework with pore channels rich in hydrogen bonding network was co-directed by sodium cations and bipyridine ligands for high proton conductivity.
Phonon dynamics in MoSi2N4: insights from DFT calculations
Authors: Oreshonkov A. S. , Sukhanova E. V. , Popov Z. I.
Published: October 2023

Exploring Raman spectra and vibrational properties of possible α1, α2 and α3 MoSi2N4 polymorphs in monolayered, bilayered, and bulk geometries.
Cyclo[n]carbons and catenanes from different perspectives: disentangling the molecular thread
Authors: Kozáková Silvia , Alharzali Nissrin , Černušák Ivan
Published: October 2023

All-carbon atomic rings, cyclo[n]carbons, have recently attracted vivid attention of experimentalists and theoreticians.
An automatic robot system for machine learning–assisted high-throughput screening of composite electrocatalysts
Authors: Kodera Masanori , Sayama Kazuhiro
Published: October 2023

An automatic robot developed for the high-throughput preparation and characterization of electrocatalysts was used in conjunction with machine learning–aided composition optimization to achieve the selective production of O2/HClO from NaCl solution.
Novel Cu(ii) complexes as DNA-destabilizing agents and their DNA nuclease activity
Authors: Kwon Hee Chang , Lee Da Hyun , Yoon Minyoung , Nayab Saira , Lee Hyosun , Han Ji Hoon
Published: October 2023

Cu1–4, comprising novel Cu complexes based on quinoline or pyridine and morpholine or piperidine, interact with DNA, leading to the destabilization of DNA duplex and causing oxidative DNA cleavageviathe superoxide dismutase (SOD) pathway.
Utilizing bis(imino)dihydroacridanide pincer ligands in p-block chemistry: synthesis and catalysis of an antimony monocation salt
Authors: Lan Xiaofang , Zhang Xin , Mei Yanbo , Hu Chaopeng , Liu Liu Leo
Published: October 2023

The isolation of an Sb(iii) cation salt marked the inaugural application of a bis(imino)dihydroacridanide ligand in p-block chemistry. This salt exhibits Lewis acidity and demonstrates catalytic activity in the cyanosilylation of arylketones.
Deconvoluting charge-transfer, mass transfer, and ohmic resistances in phosphonic acid–sulfonic acid ionomer binders used in electrochemical hydrogen pumps
Authors: Arunagiri Karthik , Wong Andrew Jark-Wah , Briceno-Mena Luis , Elsayed Hania Mohamed Gaber Hassan , Romagnoli José A. , Janik Michael J. , Arges Christopher G.
Published: October 2023

This work reveals how electrode binders affect reaction kinetics, ionic conductivity, and gas transport in electrochemical hydrogen pumps (EHPs). Using a blend of phosphonic acid and perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers as the electrode binder, an EHP was operated at 5 A cm−2.
Redox mediators for oxygen reduction reactions in lithium–oxygen batteries: governing kinetics and its implications
Authors: Ko Youngmin , Kim Kyoungoh , Yoo Jaekyun , Kwon Giyun , Park Hyeokjun , Kim Jihyeon , Lee Byungju , Song Jun-Hyuk , Kim Jinsoo , Kang Kisuk
Published: October 2023

Intrinsic properties of quinones such as steric hindrance and heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics that follows Marcus theory concurrently govern their performance as redox mediators for oxygen reduction reactions in lithium–oxygen batteries.
Mobility of antipyretic drugs with different molecular structures in saturated soil porous media
Authors: Chen Jiuyan , Zhang Qiang , Chen Weifeng , Farooq Usman , Lu Taotao , Wang Bin , Ni Jinzhi , Zhang Huiying , Qi Zhichong
Published: October 2023

The mobility of the drugs through the soil column followed the order of APAP > IBF > IMC, which was ascribed to the difference in the physicochemical characteristics of various antipyretic drugs (e.g., the molecular structure and hydrophobicity).
Efficient elimination of Cr(vi) in groundwater using nano zero-valent iron synthesized with Ginkgo biloba extracts: enhanced mechanism and reduced toxicity
Authors: Li Ting , Zhu Fang , Gao Yaqin , IRIBAGIZA Marie Rose , Hu Guangyao , Guan Jian
Published: October 2023

Various industrial activities have led to increasingly serious hexavalent chromium (Cr(vi)) contamination in the aquatic environment.
Fermented soybean foods (natto) ameliorate age-related cognitive decline by hippocampal TAAR1-mediated activation of the CaMKII/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8)
Authors: Zheng Yifeng , Yasuda Mayu , Yamao Mizuki , Gokan Toshiya , Sejima Yudai , Nishikawa Takanobu , Katayama Shigeru
Published: October 2023

Natto is a traditional fermented soybean-based food that has been an integral part of Japanese cuisine. This study demonstrated that the oral administering natto ameliorated cognitive decline by activating TAAR1-mediated CaMKII/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice.
Iron-catalyzed regioselective C–H alkylation of indoles: an additive-free approach in renewable solvent
Authors: Pradhan Chandini , Jagtap Rahul A. , Samal Pragnya Paramita , Krishnamurty Sailaja , Punji Benudhar
Published: October 2023

Alkylated indoles are important motifs in various biologically active molecules and drug candidates.
Simultaneously obtaining stable and radiogenic Nd isotope ratios through a single DGA column using double spike TIMS
Authors: Liu Fang , Li Xin , Yang Hong , Peng Qingyao , Wu Jiaojiao , Zhang Zhaofeng
Published: October 2023

In this study, stable and radiogenic Nd isotopic compositions are simultaneously obtained through a single DGA column using a double spike by TIMS. Heavy isotopes are preferentially retained onto the resin, contrary to previous observations.
Psoralidin–cucurbit[7]uril complex with improved solubility to tackle human colorectal cancer: experimental and computational study
Authors: Ponte Fortuna , Sedky Nada K. , Fawzy Iten M. , Mokhtar Fatma , Sicilia Emilia , Fahmy Sherif Ashraf
Published: October 2023

Nowdays, natural compounds are extensively studied for the prevention and treatment of various types of cancer due to their remarkable healing properties.
Femtosecond laser modified metal surfaces alter biofilm architecture and reduce bacterial biofilm formation
Authors: Gnilitskyi Iaroslav , Rymar Svitlana , Iungin Olga , Vyshnevskyy Olexiy , Parisse Pietro , Potters Geert , Zayats Anatoly V. , Moshynets Olena
Published: October 2023

Surface nanotexturing can be used to control bacterial fouling in a non-chemical manner using a low-cost and high-speed method based on naturally occurring self-organised formation of nanostructures upon laser irradiation.
Rh(iii)-catalyzed redox-neutral C–H [4 + 1] annulation of sulfoximines with α,α-difluoromethylene alkynes: diastereoselective synthesis of E-monofluoroalkenyl benzoisothiazole 1-oxides
Authors: Wang Ting , Peng Zhi-Huan , Wu Liexin , Song Qingwei , Li Qianying , Gao Hui , Zeng Zhongyi , Zhou Zhi , Yi Wei
Published: October 2023

Rh(iii)-catalyzed redox-neutral C–H [4 + 1] annulation of sulfoximines with α,α-difluoromethylene alkynes has been realized to diastereoselectively build E-monofluoroalkenyl benzoisothiazole 1-oxides.
Making sense of chemical equilibrium: productive teacher–student dialogues as a balancing act between sensemaking and managing tension
Authors: Hamnell-Pamment Ylva
Published: October 2023

Navigating the observational, symbolic, and theoretical knowledge domains of chemistry is crucial for chemistry sensemaking. However, this has been shown to be particularly challenging for students of chemistry. In order to reach government standards for sensemaking in the chemistry subject, it is important to investigate how chemistry teachers can sustain sensemaking practices in their classrooms. In this study, conversation analysis was used to study videotaped teacher–student dialogues at upper secondary school practical lessons in chemical equilibrium. Common patterns in how sensemaking was produced in interaction were found in four experienced chemistry teachers’ sensemaking dialogues with students. The data show how the teachers use coordinated actions in conversations to create a balance between (1) managing sensemaking dialogues in the laboratory classroom on a moment-to-moment basis through connecting theory and experience, and (2) managing the tension between exposing students’ knowledge gaps and presenting the students as competent as part of the interaction. The results of the study indicate that resolving tension in interaction is an important part of teacher–student sensemaking in chemistry, and also identify the chemical equation as a possible tool for sensemaking progression. The detailed examples of teacher–student sensemaking can be used as models for chemistry teachers interested in how sensemaking can be achieved practically.
Active sites of atomically dispersed Pt supported on Gd-doped ceria with improved low temperature performance for CO oxidation
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Wang Haodong , Song Haohong , Rui Ning , Kottwitz Matthew , Senanayake Sanjaya D. , Nuzzo Ralph G. , Wu Zili , Jiang De-en , Frenkel Anatoly I.
Published: October 2023

The reactivity and reaction mechanism of a Pt single atom supported on ceria can be tuned by changing its local electronic and atomic structure through Gd doping.
Borylation directed borylation of N-alkyl anilines using iodine activated pyrazaboles
Authors: Millet C. R. P. , Noone E. , Schellbach A. V. , Pahl J. , Łosiewicz J. , Nichol G. S. , Ingleson M. J.
Published: October 2023

Doubly electrophilic pyrazabole derivatives (pyrazabole = [H2B(μ-C3N2H3)]2) combined with one equiv. of base effect the ortho-borylation of N-alkyl anilines.
Interplay of cell motility and self-secreted extracellular polymeric substance induced depletion effects on spatial patterning in a growing microbial colony
Authors: Bera Palash , Wasim Abdul , Ghosh Pushpita
Published: October 2023

The combination of cell motility and self-secreted extracellular polymeric substance-mediated depletion effect influences the morphology of a developing colony, leading to the emergence of various phase-separated and dispersed colonies.
Tailoring the Pt/ionomer interface for enhancing the local oxygen transport in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Sun Fengman , Liu Haijun , Di Qian , Xu Keyi , Chen Ming , Wang Haijiang
Published: October 2023

A specific Pt/ionomer interface with good oxygen mass-transfer characteristics is tailored by utilizing nano-SiO2 to capture ionomer, and the mechanism for modulating Pt/ionomer interface to enhance local oxygen transport is elucidated.
Defect engineering: the role of cationic vacancies in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis
Authors: Ding Wenming , Yuan Shengbo , Yang Yang , Li Xiaoman , Luo Min
Published: October 2023

Defect engineering is an effective strategy to control the performance of photocatalyst and electrocatalyst. This review highlights the key role of cationic vacancy from the aspects of synthesis methods, testing techniques and applications.
Cartilage-inspired rapid in situ fabrication of seamless interlocked electrolyte–electrode interface for high-performance flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Guo Yu , Shang Yinghui , Jiao Bingqian , Guo Yuting , Tang Yujing , Shen Saiji , Wu Dongbei , Wang Xia , Li Wenju , Wang Qigang
Published: October 2023

We construct a seamless, mechanically interlocked and H-bonded electrode–electrolyte interface (MHEEI) which exhibits 6.4 times higher interfacial toughness and 2.4 times longer cycling stability with 92.1% capacity retention than that of MEEI.
Angiogenesis and villous development in human placenta
Authors: Mayhew T. M.
Published: October 2023

Fetal well being requires adequate growth and maturation of placental villous trees. During gestation new phenotypes and relationships appear: precursor villi produce stem villi (the tree trunks), terminal villi (the finest branches) and intermediate forms called immature and mature intermediate villi (IIV and MIV). Before about 20 week, the emphasis is on producing IIV and stem villi. Thereafter production switches from IIV to MIV and from these abundant terminal villi are generated. The switch depends on fetal vascular development influenced by local O2 tensions, growth factor receptors and their ligands (notably vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF, and placental growth factor, PlGF). From 9 to 25 week (low O2 tensions, high VEGF levels) fetal capillaries grow by branching angiogenesis. Between 15 and 32 week (high O2 tensions, low VEGF, high PlGF levels) they grow via nonbranching angiogenesis (linear growth of existing capillaries). Quantitative measures of these differences have been made using indices of villous and vessel growth (volumes, surfaces, lengths; numbers of endothelial cells) coupled with estimators of vessel calibre (mean cross sectional area) and endothelial cell size (squame surface area). Estimates were obtained stereologically using randomly sampled histological wax sections of placentas from 10 to 41 week. Here the following definitions apply: the term TV embraces true terminal villi plus some of the thinner MIV, intermediate villus (IV) includes IIV and MIV, whilst stem villus includes stem villi and larger IIV. Results were analysed by regression analysis and analysis of variance on untransformed or log transformed data. From 10 week, all villous compartments grew but the volume of capillaries expanded disproportionately to stroma and trophoblast. Capillary growth was proliferative and essentially linear (i.e. not due to increases in calibre). The volume of TV altered dramatically but the increase in IV volume was modest and the volume of stem villi did not alter significantly. During villous growth TV and IV became longer and thinner with larger surface areas. For most variables gestational changes showed inflection points at 20–25 week and growth was faster after the inflection point. Exceptionally, IV volume increased up to 24 week but not thereafter. In addition capillary to villus length ratios displayed 2 growth phases: the first (peaking before 20 week) was followed by a sharp drop preceding gradual restoration of peak values by term. In the first phase the mean area of an endothelial squame was maintained but squame size increased during the second phase. These findings confirm and extend the spatiotemporal patterns of change identified by qualitative studies and are consistent with branching and nonbranching angiogenesis being important phases in villous development.
Microinjected neutrophils retain the ability to take up bacteria
Authors: Bird M. M. , Segal A. W.
Published: October 2023

It is now possible to microinject protein to probe specific biochemical pathways and/or cell functions in small cells such as human neutrophils (Bird et al. J.Anat.198, 2001). We have shown that these cells retain their ability to modify their F‐actin cytoskeleton following the microinjection procedure. The principal task of neutrophils is to hunt and kill bacteria by responding to chemotactic gradients which cause them to extend actin rich pseudopodia in the direction of the highest concentration of these molecules. On reaching their target the neutrophils make tight contact with the bacteria and phagocytosis ensues. Here we address the question of whether or not the microinjected cells are still able to maintain their normal phagocytic activities.

Human neutrophils maintained in culture for 20 mins were confronted with Staphylococcus aureus (1 × 104 cells/mL) for 5 min and then injected with rat IgG as an exogenous protein that also serves as a marker for injected cells. After 30 min the cells were fixed for fluorescence or confocal microscopy in 3.7% formaldehyde and permeabilised for 5 min (0.2% Triton X‐100 in PBS). They were then incubated for 45 min in 2.5 µL FITC‐anti rat IgG and 1 µL TRITC‐phalloidin (to show the F‐actin cytoskeleton), in 996.5 µL of PBS, washed 6 times in PBS and mounted on slides in 5 µL Mowiol containing a grain of antiquench. For TEM cells were fixed in 1.5% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer for 3 min at room temperature and then washed in 0.2 m cacodylate buffer 6 times before incubation with 1 mm NiCl2 and SIGMA fast DAB peroxidase tablets for 30 min. The cells were postfixed in a 2% solution of osmium tetroxide for 30 min, dehydrated through a series of graded ethanols, and embedded and sectioned for TEM.

By TEM the injected neutrophils were observed to have taken up bacteria into vacuoles of varying size. At the earliest stages of this process, prior to and immediately following the initial release of granular contents and the initiation of mechanisms to rapidly destroy bacteria, the bacteria fitted more tightly in the vacuoles than at later stages. Injected neutrophils commonly contained several bacteria; more than one bacterium was frequently located within a single vacuole of substantial size. Confocal laser microscopic observations confirmed that cells containing ingested bacteria also contained IgG. Thus injected cells not only survive the microinjection procedure but also retain their ability to take up bacteria and initiate the digestive process.
Dynamic mass estimation framework for autonomous vehicle system via bidirectional gated recurrent unit
Authors: Zhang Hui , Yang Zichao , Shen Jun , Long Zhineng , Xiong Huiyuan
Published: October 2023

The precise estimation of vehicle mass is crucial for the optimal performance of electronic control systems in autonomous vehicles. However, the nonlinear nature of vehicle dynamics makes it a challenging task to estimate the mass accurately. In response to this concern, this paper proposes a dynamic vehicle mass estimation framework underpinned by a bidirectional gated recurrent unit, developed using deep neural networks. The bidirectional mechanism and gated recurrent unit network are adopted to elevate the precision of the neural network estimator. The dataset used for training and validation is collected from heavy‐duty vehicle simulations and real vehicle road tests. The average root mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, and mean absolute error evaluated over simulation tests are 92.66 kg, 0.93, and 79.67 kg, respectively, and those in real vehicle data tests are 16.61 kg, 0.13, and 16.61 kg, respectively. The outcomes manifest that the method put forth surpasses the contrasted approaches in relation to accuracy in the conducted experiments.
Investigation of the impact of rotor shaping on the torque and radial force harmonics of a V‐shape interior permanent magnet synchronous machine
Authors: Masoumi Moien , Tsao Alex , Abeyrathne Charitha , Sahu Ashish , Bilgin Berker
Published: October 2023

This paper introduces a technique aimed at improving the performance of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) by reducing torque ripple and radial force harmonics. Unlike conventional IPMSMs, the proposed method employs a variable airgap length that is defined by a mathematical function. Two distinct rotor shapes are investigated to determine the most efficient design. Finite Element Analysis is employed to assess both the electromagnetic and mechanical attributes of the proposed motors. It compares the results for three operating points of the shaped motor with those of a conventional one. The investigation delves into the influence of rotor geometry on key output parameters, including Back Electromotive Force (back‐EMF) harmonics, average torque, cogging torque, torque ripple, efficiency, power factor, and radial force harmonics. The findings indicate that optimising rotor shape can significantly enhance IPMSM performance by reducing torque ripples and radial force harmonics, while simultaneously increasing average torque and efficiency at different operating points.
Review of cybersecurity for integrated energy systems with integration of cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Ding Shixing , Lu Shuai , Xu Yijun , Korkali Mert , Cao Yang
Published: October 2023

The integrated energy system leverages advanced information, communication, and control technology to integrate various energy subsystems, including electricity, heat, and gas, to achieve efficient and coordinated operation of the entire energy system. The integrated energy system further forms an integrated energy cyber physical system (IECPS) through resonant coupling between cyber and physical systems. However, integrating multiple energy subsystems and the deep coupling of cyber and physical procedures in the IECPS increases the risk of cyberattacks, necessitating enhanced cybersecurity measures. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the cyber‐physical coupling modelling, security performance evaluation, attack and defence methods, and operation and recovery strategies of IECPS in response to cybersecurity threats. The coupling modelling of cyber and physical systems is discussed, followed by an evaluation of security performance of IECPS. Next, a range of attack and defence methods and effective IECPS operation and recovery strategies are presented. At last, the future research direction of IECPS cybersecurity is pointed out.
Equity‐aware power distribution system restoration
Authors: Rodriguez‐Garcia Luis , Hassan Ali , Parvania Masood
Published: October 2023

The efficient, reliable, and resilient supply of electricity has become essential for social and economic well‐being of the modern society. However, more frequent occurrence of extreme weather events has exposed inequity in the planning and operation practices of power distribution systems, evidenced in higher vulnerability and longer power interruptions for some parts of the grid as compared to others. This paper proposes an equity‐aware power distribution system restoration model in an effort to ensure a more equitable yet resilient power distribution operation after outages. To this end, the proposed equity‐aware distribution system restoration model balances the efficiency of the restoration operation and the equitable allocation of distributed energy resources among affected customers after an outage, while prioritizing the critical infrastructure (e.g. hospitals). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework to ensure a more equitable restoration process as measured by the proposed fairness and restoration performance indices.
BO‐XGBoost‐based voltage/var optimization for distribution network considering the LCOE of PV system
Authors: Zhang Bo , Gao Yuan , Wang Lei , Li Tiecheng
Published: October 2023

With large‐scale renewable energy connected to the distribution network, the traditional method to solve the distribution network voltage/var power optimization model can hardly meet the needs of online optimization of the distribution network. Therefore, a Bayesian optimization eXtreme Gradient Boosting (BO‐XGBoost) based optimization strategy for voltage/var of the distribution network considering the cost of the photovoltaic (PV) power is proposed to improve the solving speed of the optimization model. First, the voltage/var optimization model of the distribution network considering the LCOE of the PV system is established. The optimal reactive power output command data set of the PV generation in the distribution network is obtained by solving the established optimization model. The XGBoost model is used to mine the nonlinear mapping relationship between the state information of the distribution network and the optimal reactive power output of the PV system; then the Bayesian algorithm is used to complete the adaptive optimization of the hyperparameters of the XGBoost model. Finally, the PG&E 69 node power distribution system is used to verify the advantages of the proposed strategy in improving the performance of the XGBoost algorithm, increasing the solving speed of the voltage/var optimization model, and reducing the LCOE of PV generation.
Hβspectroscopy of the high-inclination black hole transientSwiftJ1357.2−0933 during quiescence
Authors: Anitra A. , Mata Sánchez D. , Muñoz-Darias T. , Di Salvo T. , Iaria R. , Miceli C. , Armas Padilla M. , Casares J. , Corral-Santana J. M.
Published: October 2023

SwiftJ1357.2−0933 is a transient low-mass X-ray binary hosting a stellar-mass black hole. The source exhibits optical dips and very broad emission lines during both outburst and quiescence, which are thought to be the result of a high orbital inclination. We present phase-resolved spectroscopy obtained with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). The spectra focus on the Hβspectral region during X-ray quiescence. The emission line is exceptionally broad (full width at half maximum,FWHM > 4000 Å), in agreement with previous studies focused on Hα. A two-Gaussian fit to the prominent double-peaked profile reveals a periodic variability in the centroid position of the line. We also produced a diagnostic diagram aimed at constraining additional orbital parameters. Together, they allow us to independently confirm the orbital period of the system using a new dataset obtained five years after the previous outburst. However, our estimates for both the systemic velocity and the radial velocity semi-amplitude of the black hole reveal larger values than those found in previous studies. We argue that this could be explained by the precession of the disc and the presence of a hotspot. We found evidence of a narrow inner core in the double-peaked Hβemission profile. We studied its evolution across the orbit, finding that it is likely to result from the occultation of inner material by the outer rim bulge, further supporting the high orbital inclination hypothesis.
Empirical contrast model for high-contrast imaging A VLT/SPHERE case study
Authors: Courtney-Barrer B. , De Rosa R. , Kokotanekova R. , Romero C. , Jones M. , Milli J. , Wahhaj Z.
Published: October 2023

Context. The ability to accurately predict the contrast achieved with high-contrast imagers is important for efficient scheduling and quality control measures in modern observatories.

Aims. We aim to consistently predict and measure the raw contrast achieved by SPHERE/IRDIS on a frame-by-frame basis in order to improve the efficiency of SPHERE at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) and maximise scientific yield.

Methods. Contrast curves were calculated for over 5 yr of archival data obtained using the most common SPHERE/IRDIS corona-graphic mode in the H2/H3 dual-band filter. These data consist of approximately 80 000 individual frames, which were merged and interpolated with atmospheric data to create a large database of contrast curves with associated features. An empirical power-law model for contrast – motivated by physical considerations – was then trained and finally tested on an out-of-sample test dataset.

Results. At an angular separation of 300 mas, the contrast model achieved a mean (out-of-sample) test error of 0.13 magnitude with the 5th and 95th percentiles of the residuals equal to −0.23 and 0.64 magnitude respectively. The models test-set root mean square error (RMSE) between 250 and 600 mas was between 0.31 and 0.40 magnitude, which is equivalent to that of other state-of-the-art contrast models presented in the literature. In general, the model performed best for targets of between 5 and 9 G-band magnitude, with degraded performance for targets outside this range. This model is currently being incorporated into the Paranal SCUBA software for first-level quality control and real-time scheduling support.
Coronal diagnostics of solar type III radio bursts using LOFAR and PSP observations
Authors: Nedal Mohamed , Kozarev Kamen , Zhang Peijin , Zucca Pietro
Published: October 2023

Context.Solar type III radio bursts are common phenomena, recognized as the result of accelerated electron beams propagating through the solar corona. These bursts are of particular interest as they provide valuable information about the magnetic field and plasma conditions in the corona, which are difficult to measure directly.

Aims.This study aims to investigate the ambiguous source and the underlying physical processes of the type III radio bursts that occurred on April 3, 2019, through the utilization of multi-wavelength observations from the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) radio telescope and the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) space mission, as well as incorporating results from a Potential Field Source Surface (PFSS) and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models. The primary goal is to identify the spatial and temporal characteristics of the radio sources, as well as the plasma conditions along their trajectories.

Methods.We applied data preprocessing techniques to combine high- and low-frequency observations from LOFAR and PSP between 2.6 kHz and 80 MHz. We then extracted information on the frequency drift and speed of the accelerated electron beams from the dynamic spectra. Additionally, we used LOFAR interferometric observations to image the sources of the radio emission at multiple frequencies and determine their locations and kinematics in the corona. Lastly, we analyzed the plasma parameters and magnetic field along the trajectories of the radio sources using PFSS and MHD model results.

Results.We present several notable findings related to type III radio bursts. Firstly, through our automated implementation, we were able to effectively identify and characterize 9 type III radio bursts in the LOFAR-PSP combined dynamic spectrum and 16 type III bursts in the LOFAR dynamic spectrum. We found that the frequency drift for the detected type III bursts in the combined spectrum ranges between 0.24 and 4 MHz s−1, while the speeds of the electron beams range between 0.013 and 0.12 C. Secondly, our imaging observations show that the electrons responsible for these bursts originate from the same source and within a short time frame of fewer than 30 min. Finally, our analysis provides informative insights into the physical conditions along the path of the electron beams. For instance, we found that the plasma density obtained from the magnetohydrodynamic algorithm outside a sphere (MAS) model is significantly lower than the expected theoretical density.
Le haricot mungo, Vigna radiata (L.), une alternative à l’association sorgho-niébé pour la diversification des cultures en conditions soudano-sahéliennes ?
Authors: Raboin Louis-Marie , Batieno Benoit Joseph , Gozé Eric , Douzet Jean-Marie , Poda Léandre , Koala Wendegoudi Astrid , Agbevohia Koffi Aquilas , Hassami Djibre , Kabore Mariam , Adam Myriam , Dusserre Julie , Kabore Roger
Published: October 2023

La diversification des cultures est un des leviers qui pourraient contribuer à stabiliser, voire améliorer, les rendements dans les régions soudano-sahéliennes contraintes par des conditions climatiques semi-arides et des sols très faiblement fertiles. Elle peut permettre aussi d’atténuer les risques liés aux marchés. Cette diversification peut être mise en œuvre par la pratique des associations et des rotations ainsi que par l’enrichissement de celles-ci avec de nouvelles espèces. Pendant trois années d’expérimentation, nous avons comparé sept espèces, dont quatre légumineuses y compris le haricot mungo, cultivées seules ou en association avec le sorgho. Le haricot mungo est apparu comme une espèce très bien adaptée aux conditions semi-arides du Burkina Faso. Parmi les sept espèces testées, c’est celle qui a produit le plus de grains, entre 0,8 et 1,8 t ha−1 en culture pure et entre 0,35 et 0.9 t ha−1 en association avec le sorgho. Nos résultats confirment aussi le gain de rendement de la culture de sorgho associée avec les légumineuses par rapport à la culture pure. Vingt-cinq producteurs du centre nord du Burkina Faso ont testé le haricot mungo dans leurs parcelles et apprécié sa productivité et sa rusticité. Ils ont obtenu un rendement moyen de 0,7 t ha−1. Toutefois, l’absence de marché, par comparaison au niébé, reste un frein à sa diffusion.
Influence of the age structure on the stability in a tumor-immune model for chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Dariva Kyriaki , Lepoutre Thomas
Published: October 2023

In this paper a model of tumor-immune response for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is proposed and analyzed. It is based on the ordinary differential equations’ models (ODE) studied in A. Besse, et al., Bull. Math. Biol. (2017) 1—27, G.D. Clapp, et al., Cancer Res. 75 (2015) 4053-4062. The proliferation of cells, their differentiation in the bone marrow and the interactions of leukemic and immune cells are described. The model is based on a non-monotonic immune response. At low levels immune response increases with the tumor load, whereas at high levels tumor is suppressing the effect of the immune system (immunosuppression). We consider that the age of cells is described by a continuous variable which we use to structure the system and obtain a partial differential equations’ model (PDEs). We analyze the stability of the equilibrium points of the model and compare it to the case of A. Besse, et al., Bull. Math. Biol. (2017) 1—27 where age was described as a discrete state. In particular, an equilibrium point describing remission, induced by a control of the immune system, is shown to be unstable in certain situations for the PDE model, whereas in A. Besse, et al., Bull. Math. Biol. (2017) 1-27 it was systematically stable.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser…
Authors: Stange Rainer
Published: October 2023

“If you don't like bacteria, you're on the wrong
planet.”* 

„… vielleicht sitzen wir aber auch nur im falschen Film?“
Angioplastie mit Sirolimus-beschichtetem Ballon: der neue Standard in der Behandlung der PAVK?
Authors: Teichgräber Ulf Karl-Martin , Ingwersen Maja
Published: October 2023

Die endovaskuläre Revaskularisierung mit Paclitaxel-beschichteten Ballons zur Behandlung der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit hat sich im femoropoplitealen Segment als wirksame
Therapieoption erwiesen. Der antiproliferative Effekt von Paclitaxel verhindert Restenosen. Im infrapoplitealen Segment dagegen ist die Evidenz derzeit noch widersprüchlich. Allerdings gibt
es Hinweise auf ein erhöhtes Amputations- und Mortalitätsrisiko ab 2 Jahren nach Angioplastie mit Paclitaxel-beschichteten Ballons. Dies könnte auf einen dosisabhängigen zytotoxischen Effekt
von Paclitaxel zurückzuführen sein. Sirolimus-beschichtete Ballons könnten daher eine Alternative sein, weil Sirolimus nicht zytotoxisch, sondern zytostatisch wirkt und damit ein weites
therapeutisches Fenster aufweist.

Drei einarmige Pilotstudien (50, 25, bzw. 50 Patient*innen) zeigen, dass die Angioplastie mit Sirolimus-beschichteten Ballons zu vergleichbaren Ergebnissen führt, wie von
Paclitaxel-beschichteten Ballons berichtet (Lumenverlust nach 6 Monaten: 0,29 mm; primäre Offenheit nach 12 Monaten: femoropopliteal 79%–82%, infrapopliteal 59%; Freiheit von
Revaskularisierung der Zielläsion nach 12 Monaten: femoropopliteal 83%–94%, infrapopliteal 86%). Randomisierte kontrollierte Studien zum Vergleich mit Standard-Ballon Angioplastie und mit
Paclitaxel-beschichteten Ballons für die Behandlung von Claudicatio intermittens oder chronischer Gliedmaßen-gefährdender Ischämie sind aktiv und werden voraussichtlich ab Mitte 2024 erste
Ergebnisse zu Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit liefern.

Diese Übersichtsarbeit stellt die Ergebnisse der Pilotstudien zur Angioplastie mit Sirolimus-beschichteten Ballons zur Behandlung der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit vor und gibt
einen Überblich über aktuell laufende randomisierte kontrollierte Studien.
Ayurveda-Öltherapien bei Rückenschmerzen
Authors: Keßler Christian , Ehm Michael
Published: October 2023

Ayurveda umfasst verschiedene Maßnahmen, von denen auch Rückenschmerz-patient*innen profitieren können. Dazu gehören unter anderem Ordnungstherapie, Ernährungstherapie (ahara), Yoga-Therapie, selektive ausleitende Verfahren (z. B. matra-basti) oder die Phytotherapie (aushadi). Positive Effekte bietet auch die Ayurveda-Manualtherapie, bei der mithilfe von speziellen Ölen Rückenschmerzen gelindert werden können.
Large Ascending Aortic Pseudoaneurysm with Focal Dissection after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Anderson Devon , Xue Anna , Wong Samantha , Kiaii Bob , Catrip-Torres Jorge
Published: October 2023

Background There are many known complications that occur after surgical revascularization for patients with significant left main coronary artery disease.

Case Description This case report highlights the preoperative workup, surgical approach, and postoperative management of a patient who presents with an aortic pseudoaneurysm and dissection 2 years after the index CABG.

Conclusion The development of an aortic pseudoaneurysm in combination with an ascending aortic dissection after prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a rare compilation of complications that has scarcely been reported in the literature.