bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solar eclipse represented in the petroglyphs of Vigirima (Venezuela)
Authors: Falcón Nelson
Published: November 2015

The Vigirima archaeological complex is characterised by the abundant presence of lithic sites whose age is unknown. The land registry of the petroglyphs, the revision of the techniques and styles used in its execution and the classification of the symbols in terms of the figurative characteristics has been done.
Using archaeo-astronomic techniques some petroglyphs considered to contain astronomical content have been analysed and it was concluded that they corresponded to the total eclipse of the sun, which took place in 577 AC. Following that, the construction of a cultural model showing the possible significance of the petroglyphs as archetypal expressions of the socio-cultural structure of the ethnic groups who created them, was proposed.
Connectivity in Later Life: The Declining Age Divide in Mobile Cell Phone Ownership
Authors: Gilleard Chris , Jones Ian , Higgs Paul
Published: November 2015

In recent decades changes in social connectivity have become key features in the changing contexts of later life. Communities of propinquity no longer seem to be as determining of social relationships as they once were. Mobile cell phone technology and the Internet have redefined what it means to ‘keep in touch’. Some authors have argued that these new forms of connectivity have created a ‘digital divide’ between those who have become active adopters of these technologies and those who have not. Using data from the British General Household Survey (GHS), we examined trends in mobile phone ownership amongst people over fifty during the period 2000 - 2009. Compared with the pace of change in ownership of other household technologies such as personal computers, dishwashers, fridge freezers and microwave ovens, the take up of mobile phones amongst those aged 50 and over has followed a much sharper rise. Based upon these findings, we suggest a more sceptical stance towards the ICT ‘generational divide’ which needs more detailed interrogation. Future research should consider the possibility that the divide may be a more short lived phenomenon, as successive cohorts of people aged fifty and over are becoming active participants in individualised networked communities.
Inside the Research-Assemblage: New Materialism and the Micropolitics of Social Inquiry
Authors: Fox Nick J. , Alldred Pam
Published: November 2015

This paper explores social inquiry in terms of the ‘research-assemblages’ that produce knowledge from events. We use the precepts of new materialism (and specifically DeleuzoGuattarian assemblage ontology) to develop understanding of what happens when social events are researched. From this perspective, research is not at root an enterprise undertaken by human actors, but a machine-like assemblage of things, people, ideas, social collectivities and institutions. During social inquiry, the affect economies of an event-assemblage and a research-assemblage hybridise, generating a third assemblage with its own affective flow. This model of the research-assemblage reveals a micropolitics of social research that suggests a means to interrogate and effectively reverse-engineer different social research methodologies and methods, to analyse what they do, how they work and their micropolitical effects. It also suggests a means to forward-engineer research methods and designs to manipulate the kinds of knowledge produced when events are researched.
Driven to Distraction: Turkish Diaspora Football Supporters, New Media and the Politics of Place-Making
Authors: Mcmanus John
Published: November 2015

This article explores how new media forms linked to the internet are feeding into the generation of community. It looks specifically at the place-making practices of a transnational group of football fans, European supporters of the Turkish club team Beşiktaş.I trace the mediations of two common football fan practices: the singing of chants and the display of banners. Adopting a multi-sited ethnographic approach, I track their circulation. While remaining part of the stadium experience, the chant and the banner have a prolonged life as digital objects. Fans combine them with new media practices, using them to expanding the array of places and means by which they can be Beşiktaş fans. The politics of building a transnational fan community is increasingly predicated on mediating between ‘virtual’ and ‘actual’ spaces. Success is measured through an individual's ability to intervene successfully on both the terrace and the Facebook page. This in turn requires a new form of interaction amongst fans, one based around a sense of distracted tactility. I conclude by suggesting the need to refigure the benchmarks by which we judge the affective relationships of fans. The sociology of sport can be refreshed through paying closer attention to the production of space, the materiality of internet media, and the sensate dimensions of the fan experience.
Exploring Gender in Portuguese Bedrooms: Men's and Women's Narratives of Their Sexuality through a Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Alarcão Violeta , Virgolino Ana , Roxo Luis , Machado Fernando L. , Giami Alain
Published: November 2015

The nature of intimacy and self-identity changed profoundly over the past century. The disruption between sex and procreation enabled the emergence of new forms of relationships and contributed towards the legitimacy of a sexuality focused on pleasure, as a mean of self-realization and an expression of intimacy. Despite the evidence that most individuals now approach close relations with expectations of mutual emotional support and romantic love, intimate relationships remain highly gendered, particularly in societies where traditional roles of men and women persist in the growing diversity of sexual relationships.

To address this topic, an empirical research was conducted in the Greater Lisbon area using a mixed methods approach. First, a quantitative study, with 323 primary healthcare users, intended to explain how gender influences self-constructions of sexuality and intimacy. Then, a qualitative study, with a subsample of 10 heterosexual men and 15 heterosexual women, employed in-depth interviews to explore how individuals construct their etiquette of sexual behavior. Building upon Gagnon and Simon's scripting theory and Giddens’ transformations of intimacy, along with feminist criticisms concerning male dominance in hetero-relationships, we have reached an explanatory typology that focuses on Portuguese specificity in terms of the subjective experience of sexuality and intimate relationships.

Sexuality and intimacy are complex and multifaceted phenomena that are affected by sexual and non-sexual factors, both in and out of the bedroom. Key findings reveal a coexistence of highly gendered sexual scripts with increasingly more egalitarian sexual roles, namely among the youngest and the most educated generations in Portuguese society.
CoastColour Round Robin data sets: a database to evaluate the performance of algorithms for the retrieval of water quality parameters in coastal waters
Authors: Nechad B. , Ruddick K. , Schroeder T. , Oubelkheir K. , Blondeau-Patissier D. , Cherukuru N. , Brando V. , Dekker A. , Clementson L. , Banks A. C. , Maritorena S. , Werdell P. J. , Sá C. , Brotas V. , Caballero de Frutos I. , Ahn Y.-H. , Salama S. , Tilstone G. , Martinez-Vicente V. , Foley D. , McKibben M. , Nahorniak J. , Peterson T. , Siliò-Calzada A. , Röttgers R. , Lee Z. , Peters M. , Brockmann C.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. The use of in situ measurements is essential in the validation and evaluation of the algorithms that provide coastal water quality data products from ocean colour satellite remote sensing. Over the past decade, various types of ocean colour algorithms have been developed to deal with the optical complexity of coastal waters. Yet there is a lack of a comprehensive intercomparison due to the availability of quality checked in situ databases. The CoastColour Round Robin (CCRR) project, funded by the European Space Agency (ESA), was designed to bring together three reference data sets using these to test algorithms and to assess their accuracy for retrieving water quality parameters. This paper provides a detailed description of these reference data sets, which include the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) level 2 match-ups, in situ reflectance measurements, and synthetic data generated by a radiative transfer model (HydroLight). These data sets, representing mainly coastal waters, are available from doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.841950. The data sets mainly consist of 6484 marine reflectance (either multispectral or hyperspectral) associated with various geometrical (sensor viewing and solar angles) and sky conditions and water constituents: total suspended matter (TSM) and chlorophyll a (CHL) concentrations, and the absorption of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Inherent optical properties are also provided in the simulated data sets (5000 simulations) and from 3054 match-up locations. The distributions of reflectance at selected MERIS bands and band ratios, CHL and TSM as a function of reflectance, from the three data sets are compared. Match-up and in situ sites where deviations occur are identified. The distributions of the three reflectance data sets are also compared to the simulated and in situ reflectances used previously by the International Ocean Colour Coordinating Group (IOCCG, 2006) for algorithm testing, showing a clear extension of the CCRR data which covers more turbid waters.
Climate change and its impacts on river discharge in two climate regions in China
Authors: Xu H. , Luo Y.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Understanding the heterogeneity of climate change and its impacts on annual and seasonal discharge and the difference between median flow and extreme flow in different climate regions is of utmost importance to successful water management. To quantify the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of climate change impacts on hydrological processes, this study simulated river discharge in the River Huangfuchuan in semi-arid northern China and in the River Xiangxi in humid southern China. The study assessed the uncertainty in projected discharge for three time periods (2020s, 2050s and 2080s) using seven equally weighted GCMs (global climate models) for the SRES (Special Reports on Emissions Scenarios) A1B scenario. Climate projections that were applied to semi-distributed hydrological models (Soil Water Assessment Tools, SWAT) in both catchments showed trends toward warmer and wetter conditions, particularly for the River Huangfuchuan. Results based on seven GCMs' projections indicated changes from −1.1 to 8.6 °C and 0.3 to 7.0 °C in seasonal temperature and changes from −29 to 139 % and −32 to 85 % in seasonal precipitation in the rivers Huangfuchuan and Xiangxi, respectively. The largest increases in temperature and precipitation in both catchments were projected in the spring and winter seasons. The main projected hydrologic impact was a more pronounced increase in annual discharge in the River Huangfuchuan than in the River Xiangxi. Most of the GCMs projected increased discharge in all seasons, especially in spring, although the magnitude of these increases varied between GCMs. The peak flows were projected to appear earlier than usual in the River Huangfuchuan and later than usual in the River Xiangxi, while the GCMs were fairly consistent in projecting increased extreme flows in both catchments with varying magnitude compared to median flows. For the River Huangfuchuan in the 2080s, median flow changed from −2 to 304 %, compared to a −1 to 145 % change in high flow (Q05 exceedance threshold). For the River Xiangxi, low flow (Q95 exceedance threshold) changed from −1 to 77 % and high flow changed from −1 to 62 %, while median flow changed from −4 to 23 %. The uncertainty analysis provided an improved understanding of future hydrologic behavior in the watershed. Furthermore, this study indicated that the uncertainty constrained by GCMs was critical and should always be considered in analysis of climate change impacts and adaptation.
Upwelling characteristics in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) as revealed by Ferrybox measurements in 2007–2013
Authors: Kikas V. , Lips U.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Ferrybox measurements are carried out between Tallinn and Helsinki in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) in a regular basis since 1997. The system measures autonomously water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a fluorescence and turbidity and takes water samples for further analyses at a pre-defined time interval. We aimed to show how the Ferrybox technology could be used to study the coastal upwelling events in the Gulf of Finland. Based on the introduced upwelling index and related criterion, 33 coastal upwelling events were identified in May–September 2007–2013. The number of events as well as frequency of their occurrence and intensity, expressed as a sum of daily average temperature deviations in the 20 km wide coastal area, were almost equal near the northern and southern coast. It is shown that the wind impulse needed to generate upwelling events of similar intensity differ between the two coastal areas whereas this difference is related to the average wind forcing in the area. Two types of upwelling events were identified – one characterized by a strong temperature front and the other revealing gradual decrease of temperature from the open to coastal area with maximum temperature deviation close to the shore.
Predicting parameters of degradation succession processes of Tibetan Kobresia grasslands
Authors: Lin L. , Li Y. K. , Xu X. L. , Zhang F. W. , Du Y. G. , Liu S. L. , Guo X. W. , Cao G. M.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. In the past two decades, increasing human activity (i.e., overgrazing) in the Tibetan Plateau has strongly influenced plant succession processes, resulting in the degradation of alpine grasslands. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose the degree of degradation to enable implementation of appropriate management for sustainable exploitation and protection of alpine grasslands. Here, we investigated environmental factors and plant functional group (PFG) quantity factors during the alpine grassland succession processes. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the parameters indicative of degradation. We divided the entire degradation process into six stages. PFG types shifted from rhizome bunchgrasses to rhizome plexus and dense-plexus grasses during the degradation process. Leguminosae and Gramineae plants were replaced by sedges during the advanced stages of degradation. The PFGs were classified into two reaction groups: the grazing-sensitive group, containing Kobresia humilis Mey, and Gramineae and Leguminosae plants, and the grazing-insensitive group, containing Kobresia pygmaea Clarke. The first group was correlated with live root biomass in the surface soil (0–10 cm), whereas the second group was strongly correlated with mattic epipedon thickness and K. pygmaea characteristics. The degree of degradation of alpine meadows may be delineated by development of mattic epipedon and PFG composition. Thus, meadows could be easily graded and their use adjusted based on our scaling system, which would help prevent irreversible degradation of important grasslands. Because relatively few environmental factors are investigated, this approach can save time and labor to formulate a conservation management plan for degraded alpine meadows.
Entrepreneurial Education Embedded in Sport Psychology: A Swedish Case Study
Authors: Holmström Stefan , Lindberg Erik , Jansson John
Published: November 2015

The main objective of this study was to provide a contribution to the entrepreneurship education field through evaluating and describing changes in students’ attitudes towards entrepreneurship. A pre-test and post-test design was used to evaluate a course design where sport psychology was the main topic with an embedded element of entrepreneurship education. The course was part of university program in Masters Programme in Sports Psychology or Physical Trainer Programme. Sport psychology-students are not the traditional group of students that are selected and trained to get both skills and a positive entrepreneur mindset. There were 39 students completing both the pre-test and post-test questionnaire (response rate 84.4%), mean age 23 years (SD=2.90). Both the pre- and post-test results showed that the sport psychology students had positive attitudes towards entrepreneurship, and the embedded course design have significant effect on students’ subjective perception of their ability to create and commercialize new ideas. The results from this case study shown that an embedded course design with sport psychology and entrepreneurial education make it possible to strengthen students’ entrepreneurial attitudes. The positive results point out that it is important to continue examine embedded coursed designs between entrepreneurial education and non-traditional areas (e.g., physiotherapists, dentists, architects, e.g.).
The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Existential Group Therapy on Increasing Hope and Decreasing Depression in Women-Treated With Haemodialysis
Authors: Bahmani Bahman , Motamed Najjar Maryam , Sayyah Mansour , Shafi-Abadi Abdollah , Haddad Kashani Hamed
Published: November 2015

INTRODUCTION: Hopefulness is one of the most significant predictors of adaptation in hemodialysis patients, and plays a vital role in the recovery process. In contrast to hopefulness, depression is a frequent psychological reaction of the hemodialysis treatment with many negative consequences.  The current research was designed to examine the effect of cognitive-existential treatment on the level of hopefulness and depression in hemodialysis patients.

MATERIALS & METHODS: This quasi-experimental research included 22 female patients suffering from chronic kidney failure disease undergoing hemodialysis treatment for at least 3 months. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control conditions. The experimental group received a combination of treatment including some elements of "existentialism" philosophy and a "cognitive" approach designed for the Iranian population. The treatment protocol lasted for 12 sessions of 90 minutes twice per week prior to the entry of the patient to the dialysis session.  Miller’s hope scale and BDI-II-21 were employed to collect the data. Statistical analysis was performed on the data using analysis of covariance by SPSS: 16 software.

RESULTS: The result of the analysis indicated that there was a significant improvement in hopefulness level and decrease in depression of the patients in the experiment condition (P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: The result of analysis showed that cognitive-existential treatment resulted in the increase of hopefulness and decrease level of depression in the hemodialysis patients suffering from chronic kidney failure.
Nurses’ Awareness of Preterm Neonates’ Sleep in the NICU
Authors: Mahmoodi Nasrin , Arbabisarjou Azizollah , Rezaeipoor Mahmood , Pishkar Mofrad Zahra
Published: November 2015

INTRODUCTION: Fetus and neonate spend most of their time sleeping inside and outside the womb. Sleep is considered a crucial action of neonatal period similar to breathing and nutrition. It plays a key role in brain development. Today, it is shown that sleep plays a predominant role in body temperature regulation, energy saving and neuronal detoxification. Sleep is the most important behavioral state of neonates, particularly in preterm ones. Noise, light, invasive treatment and caring activities are among disturbing factors in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) that leave negative impacts on brain development through disturbing the sleep process. 

MATERIALS & METHODS: This descriptive study assessed all NICU nurses of Ali-ibn-Abitaleb hospital using the census sampling method. Demographic data was collected through a questionnaire with 10 questions about active sleep (AS) cycles, also referred to as REM, methods for inducing AS and AS specifications in neonates. The questionnaire was distributed between the nurses. After completion, data was analyzed using SPSS 16 and descriptive statistics method. 

FINDINGS: According to analyses, 24%, 20%, 48% and 92% of nurses gave correct answers to questions about AS cycle, AS in neonates, the role of sleep in saving energy and ideal noise level, respectively.

CONCLUSION: According to results, nurses had a low level of knowledge towards neonatal sleep. All nurses need to know the importance of sleep in preterm neonates. The main role of inducing sleep is to protect the development of the neonates’ brain in the NICU. Those nurses who spend a remarkable portion of their time for caring neonates in the NICU play a significant role in neonatal sleep care.
Cost Analysis of Selected Patient Categories Within A Dermatology Department Using an ABC Approach
Authors: Papadaki Šárka , Popesko Boris
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND: Present trends in hospital management are facilitating the utilization of more accurate costing methods, which potentially results in superior cost-related information and improved managerial decision-making. However, the Activity-Based Costing method (ABC), which was designed for cost allocation purposes in the 1980s, is not widely used by healthcare organizations. This study analyzes costs related to selected categories of patients, those suffering from psoriasis, varicose ulcers, eczema and other conditions, within a dermatology department at a Czech regional hospital.

METHODS: The study was conducted in a hospital department where both inpatient and outpatient care are offered. Firstly, the diseases treated at the department were identified. Further costs were determined for each activity using ABC. The study utilized data from managerial and financial accounting, as well as data obtained through interviews with departmental staff. Using a defined cost-allocation procedure makes it possible to determine the cost of an individual patient with a given disease more accurately than via traditional costing procedures.

RESULTS: The cost analysis focused on the differences between the costs related to individual patients within the selected diagnoses, variations between inpatient and outpatient treatments and the costs of activities performed by the dermatology department. Furthermore, comparing the costs identified through this approach and the revenue stemming from the health insurance system is an option.

CONCLUSIONS: Activity-Based Costing is more accurate and relevant than the traditional costing method. The outputs of ABC provide an abundance of additional information for managers. The benefits of this research lie in its practically-tested outputs, resulting from calculating the costs of hospitalization, which could prove invaluable to persons involved in hospital management and decision-making. The study also defines the managerial implications of the performed cost analysis for the hospital management. Based on the analysis results, it is possible to standardize activities and performance appraisal (Benchmarking), and provide all necessary information for hospital budgeting practices, especially Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB).
Implementation of Hepatitis Information Management System in Iran
Authors: Safdari Reza , Farzi Jebraeil , Nasiri Ali Akbar , Ghazisaeedi Marjan , Taghavi Mohammad Reza , Afshari Mehdi , Sargolzaee Mahlagha , Taji Farhad
Published: November 2015

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays, hepatitis is of the most important health priorities around the world, where information plays a very significant role in specialized diseases prevention planning, and policy- and decision-making processes. Thus, this study addressed challenges of hepatitis information management and investigated the outcomes of establishing a hepatitis information management system to overcome such challenges. To this end, this research intended to study the implementation of an Electronic hepatitis information management system.

METHODOLOGY: This is an applied-developmental study with following specifications and procedures: preparation of study proposal and design, justification of the design's stakeholders, approval of the design by the Postgraduate Education Council of Faculty, determination of pilot hepatitis control center, software development, deciding on control, prevention, and treatment centers, and finally development of a network-based system for collecting and managing hepatitis information.

FINDINGS: Results indicated that the inconsistency and lack of integrity of data, as well as the lack of communication between related units prevented timely information register of viral hepatic patients and services that are provided to them. This inhibited the possibility of considering a follow-up process. However, the implementation of this system and involvement of relevant units greatly solved these problems.

CONCLUSION: Results show that the implementation of an electronic system for the management of hepatitis control, prevention, and treatment is a regional and national requirement; since, this system with its empowered infrastructure is capable in providing desired services to all laboratories, counseling and health centers, specialized clinics, and physicians connected to the hepatitis network. This enables them to follow up and monitor patients' conditions. That mentioned system paves the way for the analysis of gathered information, managers' and specialists' access in different regions to the data for making appropriate and accurate decisions.
De remmende werking van huwelijk en arbeid op vermogensdelicten. Rotterdam, 1812-1820
Authors: Gallée Bjørn , Ligthart Jaap
Published: November 2015

The crime reducing effects of marriage and labour on crime against property. Rotterdam, 1812-1820

Within the field of criminology, marriage and labour are important determinants for the decline in criminal behavior. However, these factors are seldom researched in the context of historical criminology. By conducting research into crimes against property in Rotterdam, those brought to the Rotterdam correctional court in the 1812-1820 period, this paper attempts to shed light on the topic. Our findings show that a majority of the delinquents in question were employed, while a minority of those female delinquents were married, yet also in gainful employment in most cases. Male adolescents, who had just entered the labour market, were the largest group of male delinquents. The female population of delinquents consisted mostly of women who were close to marriageable age. Thus, it is suggested that labour and marriage supplied insufficient economical stability to inhibit criminal behavior during the 1812-1820 period.
‘In een vlaag van waanzin’: psychische stoornissen, gender en de tbr in krantenberichten over delicten in 1930
Authors: Wilkinson Clare
Published: November 2015

‘In a fit of madness’: mental disorders, gender and special restriction orders (TBR) in Dutch newspaper crime reporting in 1930

This paper looks at how Dutch newspapers dealt with mental disorders and gender in their crime reports in 1930. The Psychopath Acts, which allowed special restriction orders (‘TBR’) to be imposed on mentally disturbed delinquents who were a danger to society, had just come into effect then. The newspapers did not present such TBR criminals as dangerous or mentally disturbed. Instead, the papers used ‘madness’ to explain apparently motiveless crimes such as killing one’s own children. Female perpetrators were no more likely to be labelled mentally ill than male perpetrators.
Koncept incumbency advantage v českých senátních volbách
Authors: Voženílková Marcela , Hejtmánek Jan
Published: November 2015

The concept of incumbency advantage has, for more than 40 years, been a frequently discussed topic in American political science. The fact that incumbents, for various reasons, have a noticeable advantage over their challengers also brings new questions, notably what the sources of this advantage are and how exactly this advantage is reflected in the elections. Our aim was to apply the concept of incumbency advantage to the Czech political environment, specifically the Senate elections. Our research faced several challenges stemming mainly from fundamental differences between the political systems of the United States and the Czech Republic. We had to adjust the existing theoretical knowledge and measuring instruments in order to perform an analysis of the Czech Senate elections from 1998 to 2012 and answer the main research question of whether there is or not an advantage for incumbent senators in the Czech Republic. On the basis of the analysis of data from the election results, this could not be confirmed. To the contrary, in many cases, the very fact that a particular politician defends a mandate may in fact be a disadvantage. Such a claim is also in line with several other studies with a similar theme and we hope our paper will be an impulse for further research on the topic of incumbency advantage in the Czech Republic.
Kniha, která neměla být napsána (a pokud již byla, neměla být vydána). Rastislav Tóth: Politologický slovník
Authors: Naxera Vladimír
Published: November 2015

Praha: Protál, 2015, 160 stran, ISBN 978-80-262-0807-5
Konflikt v hlasování Poslanecké sněmovny PČR (1993–2013)
Authors: Dvořák Petr
Published: November 2015

The paper explores the legislative unity of government and opposition blocs in the Czech Chamber of Deputies over a period of twenty years. As voting unity is usually rather low in the Czech Republic, temporarily high concentrations of the respective blocks’ votes are linked to higher rates of conflict between the government and opposition. I use the Rice and UNITY indices to compare average unity scores of individual cabinets and also explorative time series of unity vectors in order to analyse bloc concentration, success rate, and increased conflict. The outcomes are relevant as both a case study and a methodological observation: (1) Broad differences in the logic of interaction are confirmed (e.g. caretaker cabinets show less conflict than standard cabinets). Although no universal trend (e.g. a transition from consensual to conflictual practice) is found, the Czech opposition became more concentrated and resorted to the tactics of serial blocking in the second decade; thus, a major change of behaviour occurred after all. (2) The Rice and UNITY indices correlate considerably; UNITY’s discrimination capacity is not distorted significantly despite the nature of equilibria in the Chamber. Moreover; the UNITY index is able easily to distinguish contested votes which are not detectable by the Rice index alone.
Názvosloví studií státního převratu: jeho použití v odborné literatuře, 1962–2014
Authors: Martinák Lukáš
Published: November 2015

This short study provides a comparative analysis of Anglo-Saxon scientific literature (in the form of monographs, articles from reviewed periodicals, Internet sources) in which the phenomenon of coup d’état is the primary subject of research interest. The main goals of this text are (1) to increase awareness of research into coup d’état as an essential phenomenon in the sphere of transitology among Czech political science students, and (2) to present solutions to the terminological problems relating to this political science discipline. To achieve these goals, the text presents a coherent terminological concept of coup d’état based on a semantic analysis of the disparate literature of Anglo-Saxon provenance, in which research into coup d’état has reached an advanced level of knowledge
Espace et pouvoir dans La rage de Louis Hamelin 1
Authors: Desrochers Julien
Published: November 2015

En prenant appui sur le concept d’espace abstrait tel que développé par Henri Lefebvre, cet article propose de montrer comment, dans La rage (1989) de Louis Hamelin, le pouvoir, par le truchement de figures et de configurations spatiales précises, prend place à l’intérieur du récit. Appareil de domination politique, technocratique et capitaliste, le complexe aéroportuaire de Mirabel que décrit le narrateur Édouard Malarmé est investi de significations symboliques qui imposent aux personnages une hégémonie physique et mentale. À la fois contesté et convoité, ce pouvoir détermine leur champ d’action, fortement circonscrit à l’intérieur d’une logique spatiale où s’oppose une matrice de verticalité à une autre d’horizontalité. Loin de se limiter à La rage, cette configuration de l’espace romanesque est réitérée dans les fictions subséquentes d’Hamelin, ce qui témoigne de la place importante qu’elle occupe dans l’imaginaire de l’auteur.
Présences d’Octobre
Authors: Dion Robert
Published: November 2015

Parmi les ouvrages littéraires québécois publiés ces dernières années à propos
d’événements historiques marquants, il en est deux, particulièrement intéressants, qui
portent sur la crise d’Octobre 1970. Le premier, Le personnage secondaire de Carl
Leblanc (2006), ressortit à l’essai-fiction, et le second, La constellation du Lynx
de Louis Hamelin (2010), au roman d’enquête. À travers ces deux ouvrages qui optent pour des
stratégies discursives éminemment différentes, mais qui ont en commun de revisiter au
présent un épisode traumatique de l’histoire nationale (relativement) récente, il
s’agit de voir comment la littérature entend interroger les fictions de l’historiographie
pour, à la fois, lui contester le monopole de la mémoire et lui opposer d’autres formes de
discours telles que le témoignage et le documentaire, d’une part, et la fiction romanesque,
de l’autre. Nous avons ainsi voulu vérifier s’il est vrai que, comme l’a écrit à propos du
roman d’Hamelin un critique plutôt complaisant, la crise d’Octobre « a tellement traumatisé
notre conscience collective que seule la lunette de la fiction peut nous en faire découvrir
la vérité cachée, l’essence qu’obscurciraient toute exactitude anecdotique, tout
sensationnalisme lié à des noms véritables » (Michel Lapierre, « Louis Hamelin et les
étoiles d’Octobre », Le Devoir, 25 septembre 2010).
Effects of deposition rate and ion bombardment on properties of a-C:H films deposited by H-assisted plasma CVD method
Authors: Dong Xiao , Koga Kazunori , Yamashita Daisuke , Seo Hyunwoong , Itagaki Naho , Shiratani Masaharu , Setsuhara Yuichi , Sekine Makoto , Hori Masaru
Published: November 2015

In our previous study, we realized conformal, subconformal, and anisotropic deposition profiles of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films formed on trench substrates by plasma CVD using toluene. To obtain information on the film structures, we investigated the effects of deposition rate and ion bombardment on hydrogen bonding configurations and hydrogen content in the a-C:H films deposited by plasma CVD using toluene. The structure of a-C:H films transforms from polymer-like a-C:H (PLCH) for the ion energy <75 eV to diamond-like a-C:H (DLCH) for the ion energy ≥75 eV. The hydrogen bonding configurations in a-C:H films are closely related to the ion energy, whereas they are less dependent on ion flux and deposition rate. The mass density increases gradually with decreasing hydrogen content in the PLCH region, and it increases sharply with decreasing hydrogen content in the DLCH region. This difference is due to the different C–C sp3 concentration in PLCH and DLCH films.
Influence of growth pressure on filling 4H-SiC trenches by CVD method
Authors: Ji Shiyang , Kojima Kazutoshi , Kosugi Ryoji , Saito Shingo , Sakuma Yuuki , Tanaka Yasunori , Yoshida Sadafumi , Himi Hiroaki , Okumura Hajime
Published: November 2015

To construct a superjunction structure consisting of p/n columns, narrow stripe-shaped trenches (∼1.5 µm wide and ∼4.7 µm deep) preformed on an n+ 4H-SiC substrate were filled by the hot-wall CVD method using a conventional gas reaction system, SiH4:C3H8:H2. The influences of growth pressure on the coverage distribution of epilayers and the corresponding filling efficiency (the thickness ratio of epilayers on trench bottom and mesa top) were investigated. Two benefits of increasing the growth pressure from 10 to 38 kPa were found: one is the reduced growth around the mesa surface, which lessens the risk of void formation; the other is a high filling rate as well as an improved filling efficiency up to ∼7. By supplying source gases at high flow rates, a void-free trench filling with a filling rate of ∼1.3 µm/h was successfully achieved at 38 kPa.
Professional Agency, Identity, and Emotions While Leaving One’s Work Organization
Authors: Vähäsantanen Katja , Eteläpelto Anneli
Published: November 2015

This study investigated the enactment of professional agency in an emotionally troubled work context emerging from a conflicted relationship between the professional and the work organization. Narrative interviews with Finnish educators were utilized. The findings indicate that the enactment of agency was in part framed by the educators’ rational interpretations of the relationship between themselves and their employer, plus their work history and future prospects. However, it was simultaneously embedded with contradictory emotions, such as a sense of being undervalued, fear, and a sense of empowerment. Within this framework, multifaceted professional agency was enacted particularly via leaving the organization. This was also a means of upholding one’s professional identity and resisting the organization’s work practices. The paper contributes to the theorizing of professional agency, particularly regarding its emotional dimension, and elaborates the significance of an emotional relationship between professionals and their organizations.

Keywords: career, educators, emotions, meaningful work, narrative research, professional agency, professional identity
Preface to VarSITI Special Section
Authors: Hu Qiang
Published: November 2015

Key Points

Preface to the special collection VarSITI

Some introduction to the VarSITI program

Some description of the STP13 meeting
The relative influence of topography and land cover on inorganic and organic carbon exports from catchments in southern Quebec, Canada
Authors: Li Mingfeng , del Giorgio Paul A. , Parkes Alice H. , Prairie Yves T.
Published: November 2015

Export of carbon (C) from watersheds represents a key component of local and regional C budgets. We explored the magnitude, variability, and drivers of inorganic, organic, and total C exports from 83 temperate catchments in southern Québec, Canada. The average dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and total C (TC) exports from these catchments were 4.6, 5.1, and 10.2 g m−2 yr−1, respectively. Multiple regression models, using a combination of topographical variables (catchment area, shape, and slope), along with land cover variables (%vegetation, %wetland, %lake, and building density), explained 34%, 62%, and 53% of the variability in the DIC, DOC, and TC exports, respectively. Variance partitioning in the models revealed that topography is slightly more important than land cover in explaining the variance in DIC export (19% versus 15%), whereas land cover is much more important than topography in determining DOC export (44% versus 18%). Interestingly, %vegetation had a negative effect on DIC export but a positive effect on DOC export, suggesting that a change in land cover that reduces vegetation (e.g., deforestation) would lead to modest decreases in TC export but large increases in DIC/DOC export ratio. We conclude that topography and land cover together determine DIC, DOC, and TC exports. While topography is static, land cover can be altered, which will determine the quantity, form, and fate of C exported from these catchments. Finally, annual differences in export values that are related to temperature and precipitation suggest that climate change also have an impact on C export.
Beyond annual streamflow reconstructions for the Upper Colorado River Basin: A paleo‐water‐balance approach
Authors: Gangopadhyay Subhrendu , McCabe Gregory J. , Woodhouse Connie A.
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we present a methodology to use annual tree‐ring chronologies and a monthly water balance model to generate annual reconstructions of water balance variables (e.g., potential evapotranspiration (PET), actual evapotranspiration (AET), snow water equivalent (SWE), soil moisture storage (SMS), and runoff (R)). The method involves resampling monthly temperature and precipitation from the instrumental record directed by variability indicated by the paleoclimate record. The generated time series of monthly temperature and precipitation are subsequently used as inputs to a monthly water balance model. The methodology is applied to the Upper Colorado River Basin, and results indicate that the methodology reliably simulates water‐year runoff, maximum snow water equivalent, and seasonal soil moisture storage for the instrumental period. As a final application, the methodology is used to produce time series of PET, AET, SWE, SMS, and R for the 1404–1905 period for the Upper Colorado River Basin.
A Transparent, Smooth, Thermally Robust, Conductive Polyimide for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Spechler Joshua A. , Koh Tae‐Wook , Herb Jake T. , Rand Barry P. , Arnold Craig B.
Published: November 2015

In this work, a thermally and mechanically robust, smooth transparent conductor composed of silver nanowires embedded in a colorless polyimide substrate is introduced. The polyimide is exceptionally chemically, mechanically, and thermally stable. While silver nanowire networks tend not to be thermally stable to high temperatures, the addition of a titania coating on the nano­wires dramatically increases their thermal stability. This allows for the polyimide to be thermally imidized at 360 °C with the silver nanowires in place, creating a smooth (<1 nm root mean square roughness), conductive surface. These transparent conducting substrate‐cum‐electrodes exhibit a conductivity ratio figure of merit of 272, significantly outperforming commercially available indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO)‐coated plastics. The conductive polymide is subjected to various mechanical tests and is used as a substrate for a thermally deposited, flexible, organic light‐emitting diode, which shows improved device performance compared to a control device made on ITO coated glass.
Bioprinting Complex Cartilaginous Structures with Clinically Compliant Biomaterials
Authors: Kesti Matti , Eberhardt Christian , Pagliccia Guglielmo , Kenkel David , Grande Daniel , Boss Andreas , Zenobi‐Wong Marcy
Published: November 2015

Bioprinting is an emerging technology for the fabrication of patient‐specific, anatomically complex tissues and organs. A novel bioink for printing cartilage grafts is developed based on two unmodified FDA‐compliant polysaccharides, gellan and alginate, combined with the clinical product BioCartilage (cartilage extracellular matrix particles). Cell‐friendly physical gelation of the bioink occurs in the presence of cations, which are delivered by co‐extrusion of a cation‐loaded transient support polymer to stabilize overhanging structures. Rheological properties of the bioink reveal optimal shear thinning and shear recovery properties for high‐fidelity bioprinting. Tensile testing of the bioprinted grafts reveals a strong, ductile material. As proof of concept, 3D auricular, nasal, meniscal, and vertebral disk grafts are printed based on computer tomography data or generic 3D models. Grafts after 8 weeks in vitro are scanned using magnetic resonance imaging and histological evaluation is performed. The bioink containing BioCartilage supports proliferation of chondrocytes and, in the presence of transforming growth factor beta‐3, supports strong deposition of cartilage matrix proteins. A clinically compliant bioprinting method is presented which yields patient‐specific cartilage grafts with good mechanical and biological properties. The versatile method can be used with any type of tissue particles to create tissue‐specific and bioactive scaffolds.
UV‐Light‐Driven Oxygen Pumping in a High‐Temperature Solid Oxide Photoelectrochemical Cell
Authors: Brunauer Georg Christoph , Rotter Bernhard , Walch Gregor , Esmaeili Esmaeil , Opitz Alexander Karl , Ponweiser Karl , Summhammer Johann , Fleig Juergen
Published: November 2015

A solid‐state photoelectrochemical cell is operated between 400 and 500 °C under 365 nm UV light. The cell consists of a photovoltaic part, based on a La0.8Sr0.2CrO3/SrTiO3 junction, and an electrochemical part including a zirconia solid electrolyte with a shared (La,Sr)FeO3 electrode. The photovoltaic cell part leads to open circuit voltages up to 920 mV at 400 °C. Upon UV light, this driving force is used in the electrochemical part of the cell to pump oxygen from low to high partial pressures, i.e., to convert radiation energy to chemical energy. This demonstrates the feasibility of high‐temperature photoelectrochemical cells for solar energy storage. The detailed characterization of the different resistance contributions in the system by DC and AC methods reveals the parts of the cell to be optimized for finally achieving high‐temperature photoelectrochemical water splitting.
Fast Photoresponse from 1T Tin Diselenide Atomic Layers
Authors: Yu Peng , Yu Xuechao , Lu Wanglin , Lin Hsin , Sun Linfeng , Du Kezhao , Liu Fucai , Fu Wei , Zeng Qingsheng , Shen Zexiang , Jin Chuanhong , Wang Qi Jie , Liu Zheng
Published: November 2015

Atomically layered 2D crystals such as transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) provide an enchanting landscape for optoelectronic applications due to their unique atomic structures. They have been most intensively studied with 2H phase for easy fabrication and manipulation. 1T phase material could possess better electrocatalytic and photocatalytic properties, while they are difficult to fabricate. Herein, for the first time, the atomically layered 1T phase tin diselenides (SnSe2, III‐IV compound) are successfully exfoliated by the method of mechanical exfoliation from bulk single crystals, grown via the chemical vapor transport method without transport gas. More attractively, the high performance atomically layered SnSe2 photodetector has been first successfully fabricated, which displays a good responsivity of 0.5 A W−1 and a fast photoresponse down to ≈2 ms at room temperature, one of the fastest response times among all types of 2D photodetectors. It makes SnSe2 a promising candidate for high performance optoelectronic devices. Moreover, high performance bilayered SnSe2 field‐effect transistors are also demonstrated with a mobility of ≈4 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an on/off ratio of 103 at room temperature. The results demonstrate that few layered 1T TMD materials are relatively stable in air and can be exploited for various electrical and optical applications.
Optimization of grade transitions in polyethylene solution polymerization processes
Authors: Shi Jun , Biegler Lorenz T. , Hamdan Intan
Published: November 2015

This study considers the development of optimization models for grade transition of polyethylene solution polymerization processes. A detailed mathematical model is developed to capture the dynamics of the solution polymerization process. This includes time delay models for vapor and liquid recycle streams as well as a reduced, yet accurate, vapor‐liquid equilibrium (VLE) model derived from rigorous VLE calculations. Simultaneous dynamic optimization approach is applied to solve the optimization problem to reduce off‐spec production time and transition time. Two optimization formulations, single stage and multistage, are developed to deal with single‐value target and specification bands of product properties, respectively. The results show significant reductions in grade transition time and off‐spec production time. In addition, the multistage formulation designed for problems with specification bands outperforms its single stage counterpart. It minimizes transition time and off‐spec production directly, and leads to higher performance control profiles. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1126–1142, 2016