bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-obesity and Antioxidant Effects of Ethanol Extract of Fingerroot Rhizomes (Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb.) on High-Carbohydrate Diet-induced Mice
Authors: Yuniarto Ari , Setiawan Abdul Aziz , Safitri Wulan , Taptajani Emir Rizky
Published: April 2024

Objective:

Obesity is defined as the abnormal and excessive accumulation of fat. Enlargement of white adipose tissue due to obesity activates the sympathetic nervous system to stimulate lipolysis to break down fat extensively. This causes a lot of free fatty acids to circulate in the body. Excessive circulating free fatty acids affect many cells and produce oxidative stress, which spreads throughout the body. This research purpose is to determine the anti-obesity and antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of B. pandurata rhizome (EEBP).

Methods:

Fingerroot rhizomes were extracted using maceration and the extract was used for in vivo, antioxidant, and total flavonoid concentration tests. Anti-obesity test was carried out by dividing mice into 6 groups such as normal controls, obese controls, standard groups, and extract-treated groups (100, 200, 400 mg/kg b.w). The in vivo test parameters observed included measurement of body weight and also liver, kidney, spleen, and retroperitoneal fat index measurement. Furthermore, in this research antioxidant test was performed using the DPPH method.

Results:

In vivo test showed that the giving of EEBP at a dose of 400 mg/kg b.w. effectively decreased body weight and retroperitoneal fat, but slightly affected the organ index of mice such as the liver, renal, and spleen. Furthermore, the antioxidant test showed that the IC50 EEBP results obtained were 37,05 µg/ml. In addition, the total flavonoid content found in the EEBP is 15,775 mgQE/g.

Conclusion:

The present study showed that EEBP may have a considerable potential anti-obesity agent and also has a very strong antioxidant effect.
COVID-19 pandemic and urban green spaces: Shifting usage behaviours and perceptions in Leipzig (Germany)?
Authors: Sielaff Hendrik , Bundschuh Lukas , Moritz Lena , Taubmann Clarissa , Badack Joanne , Weinhold Klara , Hübscher Marcus
Published: April 2024

Crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic challenge some established human-landscape interactions notably. In this article, we analyse whether the pandemic had an impact on the perception of urban green spaces (UGS) and usage behaviours in Leipzig, Germany. We use a quantitative survey to understand people’s attitudes. Our study is novel in that it firstly explores the relationship between UGS and visitors during the final phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (winter 2022/2023), contrary to the vast majority of already existing studies that relied on digitally distributed surveys due to the lockdown protocols. Secondly our study does not apply exclusively online methods to reach out to the participants. The survey results show that about 40% (of the 115 participants) use parks more frequently during the final phase of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before 2020. Characteristics such as proximity to home, naturalness and cleanliness have become the most relevant. We see a notable increase in the demand for secure public green spaces, particularly among female visitors. Every second respondent confirmed experiencing considerable difficulties when accessing UGS, revealing the existing (spatial) deficits in environmental justice. These results should be considered by urban planners to adapt UGS to the changing demands of the citizens.
Spatial mobility of the inhabitants of the countries of NATO’s eastern flank in the event of a military conflict
Authors: Borowska-Stefańska Marta , Goniewicz Krzysztof , Grama Vasile , Horňák Marcel , Masierek Edyta , Morar Cezar , Pénzes János , Rochovská Alena , Turoboś Filip , Wiśniewski Szymon
Published: April 2024

In this article, we identify the spatial mobility of the populations of selected urban centres in Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Hungary. In total, 1,616 interviews were conducted. Additionally also interviews with the employees responsible for crisis management were conducted. Based on the analyses, five different clusters were identified, with different patterns of inhabitants in terms of their spatial mobility in the event of war. The most significant factors influencing their mobility in crisis situations are country of residence, age, number of people in the household and sex. This research can help develop evacuation strategies at different levels of governance.
Water absorption and mechanical behaviour of green fibres and particles acting as reinforced hybrid composite materials
Authors: Kchaou Mohamed , Arul Sujin Jose , Athijayamani A. , Adhikary Priyabrata , Murugan S. , Aldawood Faisal Khaled , Abualkhair Hussain F.
Published: April 2024

This paper highlights the results of an experimental study on the preparation and characterization of Luffa cylindrica fiber (LCF) and groundnut shell particle (GSP) reinforced phenol-formaldehyde (PF) hybrid composites. The amount of LCFs was fixed at 25 wt%, while the amount of groundnut shell particles ranged from 0 to 25 wt%. Observations were made regarding the water absorption and thickness swelling behaviour of prepared hybrid composites. In addition, the mechanical behaviours of hybrid composites have been studied under both dry and wet conditions. In comparison to dry conditions, the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites were lower when they were wet. Hybrid composites comprising 25% Luffa cylindica fibre and 15% groundnut shell particle (25LCF/15GSP) exhibit the highest level of mechanical properties under both conditions. The percentages of water absorption and thickness swelling increase as groundnut shell particles increase. The composite 25LCF/25GSP exhibited the highest percentage of water absorption and thickness swelling. Compared to date palm leaf (DPL)-reinforced composites, 25LCF/15GSP showed more significant mechanical and physical properties. We concluded that the inclusion of groundnut shell particles in LCF/PF composites substantially improved the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite. The range of increment, however, was narrower under moist conditions compared to dry conditions.
Carbon Credits and Crude Oil: An Investigation of the Price Returns Interaction in the International Market
Authors: de Salles André Assis , Lima Renato Barros
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to verify the relationship between the international markets for crude oil and carbon credits. We studied the returns of prices practiced in these markets, focusing on the transmission of shocks between oil prices and carbon credit prices. The methodological approach used financial econometrics to study these variables’ risk and return relationships. Besides causality and cointegration hypothesis tests, the VECM and GARCH models were estimates. There is a short- and long-term interaction between these variables. The volatility models show a significant association between the volatilities of the two variables of interest. Fossil fuels, mainly crude oil, generate energy that has substantial restrictions. At the same time, the carbon credits market has shown significant growth that can contribute to the use of energy from fossil fuels with parsimony and responsibility. Studying these variables and their interactions contributes to understanding the importance of the carbon market.
EU Health Union: Legal Aspects and Digital Health
Authors: Cvahte Jasmina , Primec Andreja
Published: April 2024

Recurrent health crises and outbreaks of infectious diseases of international concern have created a specific EU public health policy. Its role was further strengthened by the COVID-19 pandemic, which triggered the next stage in the integration process of the Member States: the European Health Union. The research is carried out using a literature review method (a review of literature and documents in the field of public health policy and the European Health Union) and a comparative-legal method for comparing EU legal acts on which the Health Union is based (endogenous comparison) and the legal acts of EU and the Republic of Slovenia (exogenous comparison). The findings are examined using a qualitative content analysis method, which allows for meaningful aggregation and use of the data under study to answer the research questions. The European Health Union builds on and extends existing areas of public health and requires greater integration between Member States. One of its most essential pillars is a single information system with a single database to improve the health of individuals, resilience to cross-border health crises, patient mobility, and joint research on the most severe diseases. Member States, including Slovenia, must follow EU public health commitments. As the Slovenian legislative proposal analysis on the digitalization of healthcare shows, this challenging task will also require respect for the institute (safeguards) of other areas of law.
Overview of the Use of Eye-Tracking Technology for Monitoring Consumer Views
Authors: Peša Anita , Valčić Marko , Smokrović Ana Maria , Laura Izabela
Published: April 2024

Eye-tracking technology has become increasingly popular in studying consumer behavior and decision-making as a part of the marketing research area. The paper highlights the importance of eye tracking in the study of consumer behavior including the use of eye tracking in virtual reality environments, the integration of eye tracking with other physiological measures, and the development of more sophisticated analytical techniques. By observing eye movements and fixations researchers can gain insight into the visual and cognitive processes underlying consumer choices. For this reason, a literature review of relevant studies provides a detailed synthesis of the development of eye-tracking experiments. This paper contributes to the latest findings on consumer behavior in the field of eye-tracking technology.
Enhancement of the corrosion resistance for stainless steel 316 by applying laser shock peening
Authors: Jasim Sarah A. , Ayesh Ammar , Kadhim A. , Abdullah Oday I.
Published: April 2024

This research paper focuses on enhancing the surface characteristics of the 316 stainless steel (SS316) alloy, including roughness, microhardness, and corrosion resistance. Where the application of ND-YAG laser technology, a highly relevant and timely area, was investigated deeply. The Q-switching Nd: YAG Laser was used with varying laser energy levels within the context of the laser shock peening (LSP) technique. The corrosion resistance of the 316 ss alloy is evaluated in a corrosive environment of 500 mL of saliva (with a pH of 5.6) through electrochemical corrosion testing. Corrosion rate was determined based on the analysis of polarization curves. The outcomes of this research reveal that as the laser energy was increased, there was a noticeable enhancement in the mechanical properties of the 316 ss alloy’s surface. Importantly, the corrosion rate experiences a significant reduction, decreasing from 4.94 mm/yr to 3.59 mm/yr following laser shock peening (LSP) application.
Modeling and experimental studies of carbon dioxide separation on zeolite fixed bed by cyclic pressure swing adsorption
Authors: Aleksandrzak Tomasz , Zabielska Kamila , Gabruś Elżbieta
Published: April 2024

The paper presents the results of experimental and model studies of the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process in a column with a zeolite 13X bed with a height of 0.5 m. The gas mixture consisted of CO2 (10–20%), N2, and H2O (RH 50%) in different ratios. As a result of the column tests, concentration, and temperature evolutions were obtained for each of the adsorption and desorption stages, which were used to determine the breakthrough and bed saturation times and other parameters important for the analysis of the column operation. A mathematical model of the PSA process for the separation of CO2 from the gas mixture was developed. The system of second-order partial differential equations was solved using Matlab software. The research focuses on adsorptive CO2 capture and shows the influence of water vapor and operational parameters on the quality of model validation.
Liquid-liquid two phase-system stabilized by tween 40 and 80 surfactants: multiparametric study
Authors: Murasiewicz Halina , Illienko Khrystyna
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of process parameters such as interfacial tension, type of surfactants, and their concentration on simple oil-in-water dispersion. Explored systems were prepared with 5% liquid paraffin oil and aqueous phase with emulsifiers Tween 40 of concentrations from 0.008325 mM to 0.025 mM and Tween 80 with concentrations ranging from 0.00375 mM to 0.011 mM. All systems were characterized in terms of their density and interfacial tension. In the next step analysis of droplet size distributions and mean droplet diameter was performed. The results showed that the size of paraffin droplets decreased as the concentration of surfactants grew. This trend is accompanied by decrease in the interfacial tension between phases. The correlation between mean drop size and the energy input and physical properties of both liquids was developed. The last step provides scientific evidence for the formulation of stable droplets of liquid paraffin.
ANALISIS RANTAI PASOK UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK OLAHAN BUAH ANGGUR DI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Sriwana Iphov Kumala , Pambudi Hardian K. , Nurdiansyah Yodi , Yakti Suluh W.
Published: April 2024

The opportunities for developing grapes on an agribusiness and agroindustry scale in Indonesia are very high but have not been widely implemented. The aim of this research is to analyze the obstacles to the development of the current downstream grape supply chain. To develop the downstream grape supply chain, the first step is to identify the sub-elements that are part of the affected sector elements, the obstacles that occur and the programs needed. Identification of sub elements is carried out using ISM. Based on the results of the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis, the results showed that the obstacles to the downstreaming of the wine supply chain were that it had not paid attention to farmers who were the most important actors, had not designed a quality assurance system which was a program that should have been designed from the start of downstream planning and didn’t pay attention to the availability of materials. standard which is the main obstacle that has not been implemented so far. These three sub-elements can be integrated for institutional design to make downstream activities easier.
Department-Level Planning and Preparedness: A Toolkit to Assist in Full-Facility Hospital Evacuations
Authors: Duval Charles-Antoine , Oberas Mary Wendylane
Published: April 2024

A full-facility hospital evacuation is often the last resort utilized when facing an emergency situation as it is highly complex and disruptive to patient care.
حديث الإشارة الخفيَّة عند شعراء الغزل في العصر الأموي حديث إيماءة العين انموذجاً
Authors: حسن أرديني صالح محمد , نايف زينة حميدي
Published: April 2024

يقصد بها الأحاديث التي يُعبَّر عنها بكلام غير مباشر ومن غير تصريح ،وقد  ضمّنت دلالتها لذاتها أو لعارض فهي ما أشتبه معناه وخفي مرادهُ فهذا النوع من الأحاديث يعتمد على إشارات ِغير ظاهرة أو قائمة على الستر والكتمان  ولها ابعاد  نفسية واجتماعية تتعلق بالفرد، ثم بالجماعة وهذا ما اعطى لنصوصهم ابعاداً اجتماعية لأنَّ كل نص شكّل إشارة داعمة لتزيد من فاعلية النص وتمده بسياقات جديدة ومبتكرة بعيدًا عن السياق النصي.
ولا يقتصر حديث الإشارة  على الألفاظ فقط بل كل ما يصاحبها من وسائل الاتصال غير اللفظي كأن يستعمل أعضاء جسمه للتواصل مع الآخرين، أي يتكلم بجسمهِ كما يتكلم بلسانهِ وهذا بدورهِ يساعد في تعيين المعنى، وكشف دلالات الاتصال وتفسيرها تفسيرًا مناسبًا فلغة الجسد مساعدة للفظ ومدعمة له، فحظيت الإيماءات بالعين بنصيبٍ وافرٍ فوردت الإيماءة بالعين وملحقاتها(الطَّرْف، النظر، الغمز، الحاجب، الوجه، التبسم،...) في اشعارهم فشكّلت اللفظ المحوري، فالشاعر لم يعد مضطرًا لتبرير معرفة ما. فداخل لغته خصوصية معينة، فهو يشير للغة أخرى ليعبر عن ثقافة مكونة من العلامات عبر اختلاق إشارات شعرية ،فالحديث الإشاري له ميزة تكمن في أنه يمنح نفسه للتأويل ويدعو إلى ضرورته.
حركة نقل المركبات على الطريق الرابط بين تكريت وكركوك
Authors: حمادي منهل عبدالله , صابر الطائي احمد ناصر
Published: April 2024

إن الهدف الاساس من اعداد هذه البحث ،هو ابراز منظومة شبكة الطريق البري الرابط بين (تكريت- كركوك) وان  اهم مشكلة التي تعاني منطقة الدراسة هي ما حجم حركة المرور للمركبات على الطريق الرابط بين تكريت كركوك وقد تم قياس الحركة المركبات في منطقة الدراسة عن طريق الدراسة الميدانية, وقد استخدم التحليلي  المنهج  وذلك انسجاماً مع طبيعة الموضوعات في اثناء سير البحث , فقد تم استخدام بعض الوسائل في مقدمتها رسم خرائط شبكة الطريق البري , كما تمت الاستعانة بالإحصائيات والقوانين الهندسة وجهاز قياس سرعة المركبات تم وذلك من خلال البيانات الكمية التي جمعناها في جداول تم تصحيحها من خلال قراءة الخرائط بعد تحويلها الى اشكال طبولوجية خرجت البحث بقدر من التوصيات أظهرت الدراسة أن هناك تبايناً مكانياً للطريق, يتمثل في كثافة النقل وحركة المرور، إذ يشهد طريق (تكريت ـ كركوك)، كثافة في حركة الركاب في رحلة الذهاب قرب جسر تكريت يصل إلى (6,442) راكباً، بينما الاياب في نفس المكان (7,012)راكبا ليتصدر على طريق (تكريت ـ كركوك) قرب سيطرة الخليفة الذي تصل فيه, ضرورة التطوير والتوسعة الطريق ( تكريت ـ كركوك), لعدم قدرتهما على استيعاب كثافة الحركة المرورية المتزايدة عليهما باستمرار, لكثرة حركة المركبات وكثافة النقل.
Investigating the Summarizing and Analyzing Strategies of EFL University Students in Studying A Short Story
Authors: Al-Azzawi Istabraq Tariq , Mutar Haitham Hilal
Published: April 2024

Output cognitive strategies are essential for teaching literature in general as they are the outcomes of the process of teaching. When students have the ability to use their cognitive skills, they will be able to develop their learning of literature in general and short story in particular.The present study aims to identify and compare:1- The use of output cognitive strategies by EFL university students in studying short story at the colleges of education in Tikrit, Kirkuk ,and Al-Anbar universities.2- The use of output cognitive strategies : summarizing, and analyzing by EFL university students' in studying short story at three universities.3- The difference among EFL university students' use of output cognitive strategies in studying short story according to the gender at three universities.This study includes a sample of 381 undergraduate EFL university students in the second year at the Departments of English, Colleges of Education: Tikrit, Kirkuk and Al-Anbar universities. The study is conducted during the first semester of the academic year 2021-2022. The data are gathered by using a diagnostic test, it identifies and assesses students’ use of summarizing and analyzing in studying short story.
The Effect of Laser Energy on the Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of CdO Nanomaterials Generated Using (PLD) Technology, and Fabrication a Gas Sensor
Authors: Sabah Ahmed Basil , Jasim Mohammad Sabri , H. Mohammed Ghuson
Published: April 2024

In this study, cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles were synthesized using laser produced plasma technology with varying energy levels (300, 400, 500, and 600) mJ. These nanoparticles were deposited as a thin layers on glass surfaces (at a rate of 100 pulses). They were examined structurally and optically using a Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), X-Ray spectrophotometer (XRD), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and UV-visible spectrophotometer. The energy gap of the films varied from (1.5 eV) to (2.1 eV). We note that the energy gap decreases with increasing laser intensity. The FESEM and AFM images show a large anisotropy in the structure as the roughness varies with different energies. X-ray investigations indicated the presence of many crystals and a variation in the crystal structure of the film. The Figure of Merit (F.O.M) diagram revealed that the optimal energy was (400 mJ). A gas sensor for gas (NH3) was created, and the impact of increasing gas ratios and temperature on gas sensitivity over time was investigated.
State-supported language strategies in Azerbaijan: promotion of Azerbaijani and multilingual initiatives.
Authors: Abdullayev Ramil Sahib
Published: April 2024

The wealth of every independent and sovereign country is the abundance of language on its territory, in which the nationalities living there can freely use their languages. In addition to the State language, there are more than 15 languages spoken by ethnic minorities in the Republic of Azerbaijan. In addition to the languages of ethnic minorities, the population of the country uses other foreign languages, which are included in the group of world languages. The objects of research in this article are foreign languages and their relationship to the state language. The legislative acts adopted to regulate the language vector in the country are the subject of research. The author describes in detail and highlights the legislative bodies and government structures that play a crucial role in the development of language policy in the country. In the course of studying language policy, one cannot do without considering the following two main sociolinguistic terms: language regulation and language planning, which are of the nature of state or social impact on the functioning or development of languages in the state. The author mainly used the theoretical method in the study of the article, and also conducted a general analysis of the data. The conclusions are based on legal methods, as well as sociolinguistic methods (statistical and expert assessments). The necessary information in the field of the current language policy in the country was obtained during the analysis of legal documents. Foreign languages of global importance are in great demand among young people, increasingly studying these languages, they delve into the origins of this language, study the history of this country and through this prism the phenomenon of acculturation through language is observed. The author considers in more detail the status of the state language both de jure and de facto, and also considers in detail the position of the most widespread foreign languages in the republic. The language reforms carried out in the Republic of Azerbaijan mainly serve to strengthen the role of the Azerbaijani language as the state language and have the character of linguistic purism. Despite the ongoing reforms in the field of strengthening the state language, we are also considering a balanced language policy with regard to other languages existing on the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the purpose of which is to preserve linguistic pluralism.
Automated NMR/BHI Results for Realtime Characterization of a Low-Permeability Laminated Reservoir: Validation and Insights from Innovative Interpretation of LWD Data
Authors: Akindipe T. , Perfetta P. , Shrivastava C. , Ramadan Z. J. , Seitz J.
Published: April 2024

Low-permeability laminated reservoirs have been a challenge for accurate characterization, more so when realtime decisions are critical for operations. Innovative and automated logging-while-drilling (LWD) measurements have come a long way to address this challenge. This work presents a study from the Alaska North Slope where two sections of a well were drilled with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and bore-hole images (BHI) in conjunction with triple combo well-logs to characterize the challenging reservoirs.

In this study, the traditional measurements were supplemented with the new generation nine wait-time LWD NMR measurement as well as high-resolution LWD images. Realtime streaming of both NMR and image logs enabled by innovative data compression methodology resulted in automated answers as the intervals in the subsurface were getting drilled. Realtime porosity-distributions were made available with associated answer products of bound and free fluid volume and permeability of the thin sands, validated with realtime borehole images. The data were processed using a rate of penetration (ROP) aware 2D inversion (T1 and T2) to correct for any logging speed effects.

Subsequently, to fully unlock the potential of the acquired nine wait-time NMR data in conjunction with the other measurements, special methodologies were employed including "Factor Analysis" using a parallel analysis-based application and Viscosity Transforms based on empirical relations. These techniques enabled a comprehensive analysis and revealed a degree of variability in fluid viscosity along the drilled section, hitherto not understood. This variability is considered crucial for making informed completion decisions.

It is important to note that such analysis would not have been possible earlier during drilling, enabling realtime decisions in thin beds. Integration of new technology LWD NMR with borehole images revealed critical insights for development of low-permeability laminated reservoir, validated with core data.
Prediction of near visual acuity for intraocular lens with an extended range of focus technology based on preoperative biometry data
Authors:   S.M. Kirov Medical Military Academy Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, Danilenko E.V. , Kulikov A.N. ,   S.M. Kirov Medical Military Academy Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, Nevin N.V. ,   S.M. Kirov Medical Military Academy Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

Abstract Original article Prediction of near visual acuity for intraocular lens with an extended range of focus technology based on preoperative biometry data E.V. Danilenko, A.N. Kulikov, N.V. Nevin S.M. Kirov Medical Militar y Academy Ministr y of Defense of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation Purpose. To develop a method for predicting near visual acuity at 40 cm after TECNIS Symphony IOL implantation based on preoperative biometry data. Material and methods. 2 groups of patients were enrolled in the study – the test group (50 eyes), where IOL TECNIS ZCB00 was implanted, and the main group (30 eyes), who received the TECNIS Symphony lens. Preoperatively all patients underwent Lenstar LS900 measurement and OCT of the anterior segment Cassia 2. There were no differences in biometry and demographic parameters between the groups. In the postoperative period, the measurements were repeated, refraction, distance and near visual acuity were also determined in the main group. The follow-up period was 6,48±0,15 months. Results. The posterior surface of the TECNIS IOL was 0.06±0.17 mm (p=0.022) closer to the cornea than the center of the crystalline lens. Center of the crystalline lens depth had correlation with the distance between cornea and the anterior (R=0.76 and R=0.74 according to Cassia 2 and Lenstar, respectively, p=0.000 in both cases) and posterior IOL surface (R=0.74 and R=0.86, p=0.000 in both cases). The average near visual acuity in the main group was 0.50±0.20 and did not depend on the axial length of the eye, IOL power, length of the vitreous chamber, residual ametropia and gender. Based on the results of regression analysis, an equation was derived for predicting near visual acuity after implantation of the TECNIS Symphony IOL (sum of squares 0.83, p=0.000), which included center of the crystalline lens depth, flat cornea meridian power and its thickness. Conclusion. Near visual acuity at 40 cm after implantation of TECNIS Symphony IOL can be reliably predicted based on center of the crystalline lens depth, flat cornea meridian power and its thickness. It is also possible to use the simplified nomogram proposed by the authors. Key words: EDOF, near vision acuity prediction, presbyopia
Corneal morphometric and biomechanical properties in patients with pathological and uncomplicated high myopia
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Bushnina L.V. , Kolenko O.V. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Far-Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Pomytkina N.V. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Sorokin E.L. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Far-Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Pashentsev Y.E. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

Relevance. Pathological myopia leads to development of myopic maculopathy, which results in impaired visual functions. Formation of retinal pathological changes in the posterior pole of the eye in myopia is based on axial elongation of the eye and the formation of myopic staphyloma. Research methods aimed to clinical assessment of the strength properties of the corneoscleral capsule of the eye are interest to predict the risk of developing myopic staphylomas. Purpose. To conduct a comparative analysis of corneal stromal thickness and its biomechanics properties in pathological and uncomplicated high myopia. Material and methods. 42 patients (67 eyes) with high myopia (axial length of the eye (AL) – 26 mm or more) were examined and divided into 2 groups: the main group – 25 patients (40 eyes) with pathological myopia and presence of myopic staphyloma; the comparison group – 17 patients (27 eyes) with uncomplicated myopia and no staphyloma. Results. Statistically significantly lower values were found: max stromal corneal thickness, central stromal corneal thickness (2 mm), in segments S5, ST5, T5, IT5, I5, IN5, N5, SN5, S6, T6, IT6, I6, IN6, N6, HC radius (p=0.016), as well as an increase in indexes A2-Velocity (p=0.011) and DA (p<0.001) in the group of patients with pathological myopia. A direct correlation was established between the DA parameters and AL of the eye (p=0.008). Conclusion. Stromal corneal thickness in patients with pathological myopia in most segments was significantly lower than in patients with uncomplicated high myopia. The presence of significant differences in pathological myopia in indexes: A2-Velocity, DA, HC radius indicates a greater deformability and softness in cornea, and the lengthening of the DA parameter and its direct correlation with the values of the AL indicates to increased risk of axial elongation of the eye. Key words: pathological myopia, myopic maculopathy, corneal biomechanical properties, stromal corneal thickness
Combined surgery of cataract and glaucoma with drainage «Repegel A-1» implantation
Authors:   Clinical hospital «Russian Railways-Medicine» Penza», Penza, Russian Federation, Ivachev E.A. ,   Penza State University, Penza, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

Purpose. To evaluate the hypotensive and visual functions effect caused by combined сataract and filtering glaucoma surgery. Material and methods. The study was done on 34 patients with glaucoma and cataract who were operated, of which 2 (5.9%) had the initial stage of glaucoma, 5 (14.7%) of them – at the developed stage and 27 (79.4%) – at the severe stage. The tonometric pressure was 27.6±1.8 mm Hg; uncorrected visual acuity – 0.17±0.21; best corrected visual acuity – 0.31±0.24. According to the LOCS III classification, 3 (8.8%) had soft lens density nuclear cataract (NC) 1–3, 23 (67.4%) had NC 4–5, and 8 (23.5%) had NC 6. At 11 o’clock 4 mm from the limbus, scleral tunnel 2.2 mm wide is formed through the conjunctiva in the anteriorposterior direction, in the surface layers of the sclera with the exit of the knife through the angle into the anterior chamber, 2 paracentesis are made. Circular capsulorhexis and phacoaspiration of the lens are performed. The scleral tunnel is expanded to 3 mm, and an intraocular lens is implanted. With tweezers – through paracentesis, and scissors – through the scleral tunnel, a pericorneal coloboma of the iris is formed. A T-shaped form of drainage «Repegel A-1» is formed. The drain is implanted into the intrascleral tunnel. Results. The proposed surgery method allows to reduce intraocular pressure from 27.6 to 19.1 mm Hg, as well as to improve best corrected visual acuity from 0.31 to 0.5. Conclusion. Combined surgery allows to perform phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation and glaucoma drainage surgery through the one scleral incision, which leads to a decrease in intraocular pressure to 19.1 mm Hg and an improvement in best corrected visual acuity to 0.5. Key words: glaucoma, cataract, phacoemulsification, intraocular pressure
Problematics and poetics of Dmitry Naumov's works
Authors: Burtsev A. A. , Burtseva M. A.
Published: April 2024

In his works, Dmitry Naumov created a special social and spiritual “microcosm” in the image of the Yakut village Charannaakh, since, in his opinion, the national identity of the Sakha people is formed precisely in rural areas. The writer's stories demonstrate a number of intra-genre varieties, starting with the main types of short prose – the actual story, short story, essay – and ending with synthetic and hybrid forms of short epic genres. Naumov's short stories feature satirical stories directed against bureaucrats, careerists, and lovers of the “green serpent”. Many of them contain everyday comedy, and in a number of the writer’s stories one can feel the features of the so-called “mischievous” tradition known in world literature, which often borders on “black” humor. Naumov’s humor is of a soft, “hinting” nature, and its meaning is hidden in allegories and subtext. A whole series of stories is dedicated to animals: the author’s bestiary includes horses, cows, dogs, cats, even piglets. The writer demonstrates extraordinary skill in creating crowd scenes and identifying the “collective consciousness.” At the same time, his artistic anthropology contains many vivid individualized images. In many of Naumov’s stories one can feel his talent as a playwright. If the writer’s short stories demonstrate different types of short prose, then the genre designations of his dramatic works are limited to only two definitions – “play” in the sense of “drama” and “comedy”. The only dramatic work that is not accompanied by an author's genre definition is “Autumn.” Judging by the brief initial remark, adherence to the principle of “three unities,” the absence of external events, and the minimum of characters, this is a psychological monodrama. In his comedies, as in his stories, Naumov used a whole system of poetic means and techniques, starting with such as literary allusions, poetics of names, animalistic imagery, and ending with the verbal self-disclosure of the characters. To enhance the ironic context, they mention the characters of S.S. Yakovlev-Erilik Eristin, poor Khachygyr, D.K. Sivtsev-Suorun Omollooa autocrat Makar, the “great strategist” Ostap Bender from the works of I. Ilf and E. Petrov, and adapt Ellyai’s poems. Finally, Naumov himself is a brilliant expert on the native language, rightfully throws a stone at supporters of excessive “Yakutization” of the language of the Sakha people.
FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION AND ACIDIC PROPERTIES OF WILD BERRY POMACE AS ENRICHING FOOD INGREDIENTS
Authors: ПЕРЕГОНЧАЯ О.В. , ПОКУСАЕВ А.П. , ЛУКИН А.Н. , ДЕРКАНОСОВА Н.М. , КУБАРЬ В.В.
Published: April 2024

Перспективным источником обогащающих ингредиентов являются ягоды дикорастущих растений и про- дукты их переработки. Являясь ценным источником макро- и микронутриентов, они способны выполнять определен- ную технологическую функцию при формировании пищевых систем. Исследованы функциональный состав и кислот- ные свойства высушенных и измельченных выжимок ягод шикши, брусники и клюквы, полученных как вторичный продукт низкотемпературной технологией сока прямого отжима. Спектрограммы исследованных образцов показали сходство функциональных составов. Основу высушенных образцов выжимок ягод составляет целлюлоза и ее произ- водные. Идентифицированы кислородсодержащие соединения с карбоксильными и сложноэфирными группировками, а также азотсодержащие вещества с амидными и иминными связями. Установлено более высокое содержание карбоно- вых кислот, карбонильных соединений и сложных эфиров в выжимках ягод шикши. Наибольшей кислотностью среди исследованных образцов обладают выжимки клюквы, 86,7% кислотности которых обусловлено наличием водораство- римых карбоновых кислот и соединений, проявляющих кислотную активность. Выжимки шикши и брусники близки по общему содержанию кислот. Однако при набухании выжимок ягод шикши в воде кислотность раствора лишь на 72,7% формируется за счет водорастворимых кислот. Результаты исследования позволили разработать рекомендации по ис- пользованию выжи мок из ягод дикорастущих растений в технологии пищевых систем, преимущественно кондитерских.

Berries of wild plants and products of their processing are a promising source of enriching ingredients. Being a valuable source of macro- and micronutrients, they are able to perform a certain technological function in the formation of food systems. The functional composition and acidic properties of dried and crushed pomace of shiksha, lingonberry and cranberry berries obtained as a secondary product by low-temperature direct-pressed juice technology have been studied. Spectrograms of the studied samples showed a similar functional compositions. The basis of dried samples of berry pomace is cellulose and its derivatives. Oxygen-containing compounds with carboxyl and ester groups, as well as nitrogen-containing substances with amide and imine bonds have been identified. Cranberry pomace has the highest acidity among the studied samples, 86,7% of the acidity of which is due to the presence of water-soluble carboxylic acids and compounds exhibiting acid activity. Pomace of shiksha and lingonberries are similar in total acid content. However, when the pomace of shiksha berries swells in water, the acidity of the solution is only 72,7% formed due to water-soluble acids. The results of the study made it possible to develop recommendations on the use of pomace from berries of wild plants in the technology of food systems, mainly confectionery.
Finite Element Method in Modeling of Ship Structures. Part II – Practical Analysis Example
Authors: Doan D. , Szeleziński A. , Murawski L. , Muc A.
Published: April 2024

art I of this paper presents basic knowledge about Finite Element Method including the modeling method of ship structures. Numerical modeling methods were also shortly described. A ship hull and the upper works are typical thin-walled structures. Modeling method of plates (typical 2-D elements) with stiffeners (1-D elements) is presented in details. In the part II of the article, practical example of Ro-Ro ship's deck analyses was performed using Patran-Nastran software (MSC Software). The most common and dangerous risks and errors occurring in the process of ship structure modeling were discussed.
Wybrane sposoby poprawy wskaźników efektywności energetycznej statku
Authors: Zeńczak W.
Published: April 2024

W dążeniu do ograniczenia emisji dwutlenku węgla wszystkie obecnie nowo budowane statki większe niż 400 BRT muszą mieć określony Projektowy Wskaźnik Efektywności Energetycznej (Energy Efficiency Design Index – EEDI). Ponadto wprowadzono dobrowolnie określany Eksploatacyjny Wskaźnik Efektywności Energetycznej (Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator – EEOI), pozwalający na bieżącą ocenę efektywności transportowej statku. Korzystne wartości wskaźników możliwe są do osiągnięcia przez redukcję emisji CO2 m.in. dzięki zastosowaniu niekonwencjonalnych źródeł energii w układach energetycznych statków. W artykule przedstawiono analizę możliwości wykorzystania na statkach takich źródeł, w tym odnawialnych źródeł energii. Spośród wielu różnych źródeł rozważono tylko te, których zastosowanie jest najintensywniej rozwijane, tj. energię wiatru i promieniowania słonecznego.
Evaluation of the stability of the storage of selected fruit and vegetables freeze-dried powder based on the characteristics of the sorption properties
Authors: Ruszkowska Millena , Kropisz Paulina , Wiśniewska Zuzanna
Published: April 2024

A BET equation was used to mathematically interpret the course of water vapor sorption isotherms. Sorption isotherms of tested samples of lyophilisates in powder were characterized The aim of the study was the analysis of the storage stability of selected freeze-dried vegetables and fruit powders based on the characteristics of sorption properties. Analysis of the evaluation of sorption properties was done with static-desiccation method and determining the sorption isotherms in a wide range of environmental water activity aw = 0.07–0.93. by a sigmoidal shape typical of porous surfaces, on which multilayer adsorption leading to capillary condensation occurs. On the basis of the conducted tests, it was found that the product IV – lyophilisate of blueberry was characterized by a higher storage stability.
Design and Construction of a Startup System for Learning to Program Microcontrollers
Authors: Świtalski Emilian , Rabczuk Dorota
Published: April 2024

The article presents the design and execution of a startup system based on an Atmel AVR microcontroller. Due to its intended educational use, the system was equipped with a large number of peripherals connected to various microcontroller outputs using pin-cables. The diagram and PCB design feature an ergonomic layout of the microcontroller outputs and peripherals, to ensure clarity of connection. Libraries and examples were written in the C programming language, the code was compiled using Atmel Studio 7 software – the official Atmel programming environment. The startup system provides optimum conditions for learning related to microprocessor technology in the laboratory.
Modelling of a Wireless Channel with Time Dependent Parameters
Authors: Mieczyńska Marta , Borys Andrzej
Published: April 2024

It is convenient to analyse wireless channels and links by exploiting their input-output description. This approach relies on treating the system as a black box, whose behaviour can be fully described by the relationship between the input and output signals. In this paper, we study a relationship of the above type for linear wireless channels having time-dependent parameters, which also takes a multipath propagation environment into account. A starting point for the derivations presented here is a relationship derived in the literature for this type of model with the application of a single sinusoidal input signal. The subject of this paper is the generalization of that relationship for periodic input signals and then of non-periodic signals. To the best of our knowledge, the literature lacks a suitably convincing generalization. The derivations of this paper exploit a principle of superposition valid for linear systems as well as the relations existing between Fourier series and the Fourier integrals. The discussion is illustrated by the results of simulations performed with the help of the MATLAB program.
Status of ECDIS type specific training and gap in the rules
Authors: Komitov Dimitar , Belev Blagovest
Published: April 2024

Introduction of the Electronic Chart Display and Information System as the main navigation system on board a ship is one of the most significant developments in the maritime industry in recent years. Training of deck officers for its use is a key element for safe and effective work. According to international requirements, two types of training for covering the system are required – Operational Use of Electronic Chart Display and Information System and Type Specific training. Due to a lack of clear regulations for conducting Type Specific training, the producers apply their own training regulations for issuing certificates. Because of this, many seafarers face problems during their type specific training. The article examines and analyses different practices implemented by the producers regarding their Type Specific training for seafarers, the advantages and disadvantages of the above-mentioned procedures and training centre requirements as well. Examples of incidents resulting from improper use of ECDIS are provided. The authors present their experience as lecturers and instructors at the Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy training centre in respect to ECDIS type specific training.
Mathematical modelling of construction of ship turning trajectory using autonomous bow thruster work and research of bow thruster control specifics
Authors: Kupraty Oleksandr
Published: April 2024

The article proposes a method of constructing the trajectory of a ship’s turn using a control device. Mathematical modelling of the turn trajectory is performed using MS Excel in conjunction with the MATLAB environment. To construct a trajectory, a conditional centre of turn will be used, it will be guided by a control device, such as a radio buoy, or a lighthouse with pre-known coordinates. The construction of this trajectory has two features: a step course change when rotated equal to a sector step, and the accuracy of the trajectory is achieved by using the Kalman filter, simplified to the amplification factor. The bow thruster moment is calculating using the bow thruster shoulder. The angular velocity of turning depends on the linear speed, therefore, the angular velocity can be adjusted not only by changing the bow thruster mode of operation, but also by changing the linear speed of the vessel. The article provides the program code for constructing a trajectory in the MATLAB environment, which takes its initial data from MS Excel. Therefore, the work forms the basic view of autonomous bow thruster control.
A description of the development of HR Tech startups in Poland
Authors: Mańkowska Natalia , Kamińska Katarzyna
Published: April 2024

This article presents the problem of development and survival of startups providing services in the field of human resources. Research on startup success factors indicates that many variables simultaneously determine the possibility of survival in the market. The data used for the analysis were sourced from the website: www.mamstartup.pl (a database of startups established in Poland) and other publicly available data. The results of the analysis indicate that HR Tech is an industry that includes specific services for entrepreneurs, employees, or labour market participants in general. In the period surveyed (2012–2020) about 44% of startups from this industry in Poland ceased their activities. There is a lack of detailed, publicly available data on their funding. The startups under study use business models focused on generating revenue from the user of a given IT solution. The analysis shows that the survival and development of HR Tech startups in Poland is quite difficult; the problem is probably the specificity of services and their questionable profitability in the industry studied.
Economic and Quality Determinants of Yerba Mate, Tea and Coffee Consumption
Authors: Kłopotek Natalia , Dmowski Przemysław
Published: April 2024

Yerba Mate, coffee and tea consumption varies depending on the country, region and cultural background. The highest quantity of tea is consumed in Turkey, coffee in Finland and Yerba Mate in Argentina. The purpose of this paper is to present the economic and qualitative factors that determine the consumption of Yerba Mate, coffee and tea. The determinants and factors influencing the volume of production and consumption were analysed. A comparison of selected qualitative parameters, such as polyphenols, antioxidising effects and caffeine, was drawn. The discussed parameters determine, to a great extent, the demand for these products. The analysis made it possible to conclude that the analysed products can function as substitutes for each other, both in terms of economics and sensory and health-promoting properties.