bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Война Великого княжества Литовского с Тверским княжеством 1448–1449 гг.
Authors: Воронин Василий Алексеевич
Published: July 2024

Война между Великим княжеством Литовским и Тверским княжеством 1448–1449 гг. вспыхнула в сложной обстановке, которая сложилась в Восточной Европе в 40-х гг. XV в. Поводом к ее началу стал незаконный захват бельским князем Иваном Владимировичем города Ржевы, который незадолго до этого Москва передала Твери. Великий князь тверской Борис Александрович попытался вернуть город. Тогда в ситуацию был вынужден вмешаться король польский и великий князь литовский Казимир Ягеллончик, который поддержал Ивана Бельского. Военный конфликт был скоротечным, однако он заметно повлиял на взаимоотношения между Вильно, Тверью и Москвой. Результаты войны нашли свое отражение в литовско-тверском и московско-литовском мирных договорах 1449 г., которым также уделено внимание в статье.
Dwa „pogrzeby” wojewody wileńskiego Janusza Radziwiłła. Przyczynek do stosunków politycznych i wyznaniowych w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim w drugiej połowie XVII wieku
Authors: Kriegseisen Wojciech
Published: July 2024

Opracowanie jest przyczynkiem mającym na celu uporządkowanie i uzupełnienie wiedzy o pośmiertnych losach ciała zmarłego w końcu 1655 r. w Tykocinie wojewody wileńskiego i hetmana wielkiego litewskiego Janusza Radziwiłła. Zmarły magnat nie doczekał się nigdy oficjalnego pogrzebu, a jego trumnę z powodów tak politycznych, jak wyznaniowych ukrywano aż do roku 1674, kiedy ostatecznie złożono ją w kościele ewangelicko-reformowanym w Kiejdanach. Wbrew dotychczasowym hipotezom, które inicjatywę przeniesienia trumny do Kiejdan i zamówienia sarkofagu przypisywały siostrze zmarłego Katarzynie z Radziwiłłów Hlebowiczowej, udało się ustalić, iż odpowiedzialni za to byli administratorzy dóbr radziwiłłowskich, a w szczególności Kazimierz Krzysztof Kłokocki i Stanisław Niezabitowski.
Pieczęcie Trybunału Głównego Litewskiego w latach 1581–1792. Pieczęcie kadencji wileńskiej
Authors: Sipavičiūtė Justina
Published: July 2024

Artykuł ukazuje pieczęcie Trybunału Głównego Litewskiego kadencji wileńskiej z lat 1591–1792. Materiałem do badań były niepublikowane pieczęcie. Artykuł dzieli się na trzy części. W pierwszej podano zwięzłą informację o samej instytucji Trybunału Głównego Litewskiego i jej rozwoju. Część drugą poświęcono analizie zasad używania pieczęci Trybunału Głównego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w prawie oraz w praktyce. W części trzeciej pieczęcie sądów trybunalskich kadencji wileńskiej poddano analizie heraldycznej i sfragistycznej. Tezę artykułu stanowi twierdzenie, że kwestie przewidziane w statucie Trybunału Głównego Litewskiego z 1581 r. i w konstytucjach sejmowych były realizowane w ówczesnej praktyce. Do artykułu dołączono zdjęcia pieczęci sądów trybunalskich kadencji wileńskiej.
Analiza współczesnych edytorskich badań międzynarodowych: Metryka Litewska (1987–2021)
Authors: Łopatecki Karol
Published: July 2024

Artykuł prezentuje najnowszy dorobek edytorski dotyczący Metryk Litewskich. Przeanalizowano 86 wydanych w latach 1987–2021 monograficznych edycji źródłowych w ujęciu statystycznym. Wykonano zestawienie wszystkich prac (aneks) oraz przeprowadzono badania kwantytatywne dotyczące intensywności wykonanych zadań w ujęciu czasowym. Przeprowadzono analizę istniejących metod pracy – tworząc siatkę współpracy pomiędzy badaczami, uwzględniono również dorobek najaktywniejszych edytorów, wydawnictw oraz ośrodków naukowych. Podsumowując: projekt ten będzie musiał być kontynuowany przez kolejnych kilkadziesiąt lat, a to stawia pytanie o możliwość wykorzystania nowych rozwiązań, które pojawiły się w dobie rewolucji informatycznej.
Wybielony książę? Kilka uwag na temat biografii Hieronima Floriana Radziwiłła (1715–1760)
Authors: Mariani Andrea
Published: July 2024

Celem niniejszego artykułu recenzyjnego jest uzupełnienie najnowszej biografii Hieronima Floriana Radziwiłła (1715–1760). Jej Autor Paweł Gad w przekonujący sposób obala tezę, jakoby bohater był okrutnikiem i szaleńcem, wskazując, że jego zachowania – aczkolwiek niekiedy specyficzne – mieściły się w akceptowanym kanonie dla przedstawicieli osiemnastowiecznej magnaterii. Skupiając się na życiu rodzinnym księcia, jego aktywności politycznej, pasjach i rozrywkach, Autor pominął inne istotne zagadnienia, takie jak jego działalność gospodarcza, religijność i relacje z różnymi grupami wyznaniowymi. Opierając się na źródłach rękopiśmiennych niewykorzystanych przez Autora, recenzent potwierdza i rozszerza obraz księcia rysowany na kartach biografii. Słabą stroną recenzowanej książki jest wybiórcze wykorzystywanie dorobku historiograficznego i niestaranne przygotowanie maszynopisu do druku.
L’Evangelo di san Giovanni proclamato nell’actio liturgica e accolto nella lectio divina
Authors: Sodi Manlio
Published: July 2024

Proclamare il Vangelo di Giovanni nella liturgia permette di scoprire la sua peculiare ricchezza tematica. In questo è di particolare aiuto l’impostazione del Lezionario festivo e feriale. La conoscenza del Vangelo si arricchisce anche con la lectio divina che, nella meditazione e nella preghiera della stessa Parola di vita, offre quel nutrimento spirituale che ha il suo vertice nei sacramenti.
Interacting with Man or Machine: When Do Humans Reason Better?
Authors: Bayer Ralph-Christopher , Renou Ludovic
Published: July 2024

The resolution of complex problems is widely seen as the next challenge for hybrid human–artificial intelligence (AI) teams. This paper uses experiments to assess whether there is a difference in the quality of human reasoning depending on whether the humans interact with humans or algorithms. For this purpose, we design an interactive reasoning task and compare the performance of humans when paired with other humans and AI. Varying the difficulty of the task (i.e., steps of counterfactual reasoning required), we find that, for simple tasks, subjects perform much better if they play with other humans, whereas the opposite is true for difficult problems. Additional experiments in which subjects play with human experts show that the differences are driven by the knowledge that AI reasons correctly rather than that it is nonhuman.

This paper was accepted by Elena Katok, special issue on the human-algorithm connection.

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03315 .
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Optimisme Karier: Kajian Literatur
Authors: Affa Athia Fadila , Mulyana Olievia Prabandini
Published: July 2024

Pandangan positif seseorang terhadap masa depan tentunya memiliki pengaruh besar untuk mencapai tujuan yang dicapai. Dengan adanya optimisme, seseorang akan cenderung memiliki rasa percaya diri dan membawa dirinya meraih hasil yang terbaik. Optimisme karier adalah sikap seseorang yang memiliki padangan positif terhadap dirinya dengan mengusahakan kemungkinan baik untuk mencapai keberhasilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hasil-hasil studi literatur mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi optimisme karier pada seseorang. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan pada database Google Scholar dan Sematic Scholar dengan menggunakan kata kunci “career optimism”. Hasil dari penelusuran menunjukkan bahwa optimisme karier dipengaruhi dua faktor, yakni faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal merupakan faktor yang terbentuk dari dalam individu, sedangkan faktor eksternal merupakan faktor yang terbentuk dari luar individu. Faktor internal yang mempengaruhi optimisme karier, yaitu: efikasi diri, orientasi karier boundaryless, protean karier, serta kepercayaan diri. Adapun faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi optimisme karier, yaitu: dukungan sosial dan layanan karier yang baik.
COMBINANDO PRECISÃO E ESFORÇO COMPUTACIONAL NO AJUSTE DE DISTRIBUIÇÕES WEIBULL TRIPARAMÉTRICAS COM ELEVADAS ASSIMETRIAS PARA GERAÇÃO DE CENÁRIOS DE VENTOS CORRELACIONADOS COM AFLUÊNCIAS
Authors: Geber de Melo Albert Cordeiro , Piñeiro Maceira Maria Elvira , Moreira Pessanha José Francisco
Published: July 2024

Propõe-se uma modelagem das velocidades mensais de ventos através de distribuições Weibull triparamétricas, na geração de cenários de ventos mensais correlacionados com afluências às usinas hidrelétricas, em um esquema de Programação Dinâmica Dual Estocástica-PDDE. A abordagem constitui-se de duas etapas. Na primeira, os parâmetros da distribuição Weibull dos resíduos das velocidades mensais históricas do vento são estimados pelo Método dos Momentos de 3a Ordem. Se a assimetria das velocidades sintéticas for suficientemente próxima da histórica, o algoritmo para. Caso contrário, a estimativa do parâmetro posição, obtida na primeira etapa é utilizada como valor inicial para calcular estimativas dos outros dois parâmetros (forma e escala) por meio do Método dos Momentos de 2a Ordem. Em seguida, de forma iterativa, o algoritmo atualiza a estimativa inicial do parâmetro posição com vistas a reduzir a diferença entre as assimetrias das velocidades sintéticas e históricas do vento, até que se atinja um valor considerado aceitável. Procura-se, assim, assegurar precisão com o menor esforço computacional possível. A aplicação a parques eólicos do Nordeste e Sul do Brasil, em diferentes meses e assimetrias, aponta para a sua robustez, apresentando desempenho sempre superior a 17 outros métodos avaliados.
Case for expanding school-led childcare
Authors: Hayes Derren
Published: July 2024

Panel of experts assess the children's commissioner for England's proposals for early education to be run by schools and childminders
MAKING TOWNS CHILD FRIENDLY
Authors: Goddard Charlotte
Published: July 2024

The way spaces are designed can have a huge impact on the wellbeing and life chances of children and young people. Charlotte Goddard speaks to those leading the way in child-friendly town planning
Children's services inspections
Authors: Stephenson Jo
Published: July 2024

Jo Stephenson summarises key trends in inspection outcomes for children's social care services, while a local authority performance expert offers key advice on how to prepare for an Ofsted visit
Parents hone their skills thanks to extra support
Authors: Goddard Charlotte
Published: July 2024

Parenting programmes and workshops develop families' skills and boost their emotional wellbeing while improving relationships between children and parents
Suicide bereavement support, Denmark
Authors: Wardley Anna
Published: July 2024

Anna Wardley visited Denmark to speak to leading experts and organisations doing innovative work to improve mental health outcomes for suicide-bereaved children that could be replicated in the UK
Astragalin Nanoparticles Ameliorates CCl4 - Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats
Authors: Ganesan Nirmala , Anandhabhairavi N. , Arivarasan S. , Balamurugan V. , Anitha T.
Published: July 2024

Liver plays a vital role in the elimination of xenobiotics that can induce hepatotoxicity in living organisms. Polymeric nanoparticles have evolved recently as an alternative in various industries and are used for their biomedical applications. Astragalin is a least studied flavonoid that has been used in the traditional medicine of Southeast Asia for its healing properties. Hence, in this study we used carbon tetrachloride as a hepatotoxin to induce liver damage. The protective effects of astragalin loaded polymeric nanoparticles on hepatotoxin-induced liver damage in experimental rats were assessed. The results of the assessment indicate that astragalin nanoparticles were effective in protecting the liver from damages induced by carbon tetrachloride. Astragalin nanoparticles formulation is not available in the market. Among existing literature, this is the first ever approach for hepatoprotective effect of astragalin nanoparticles studied.
Non-Invasive Bio-impedance Diagnostics: Delving into Signal Frequency and Electrode Placement Effects
Authors: Krishnan G Hari , Santhosh Sheeba , Mohandass G , Sudhakar T
Published: July 2024

Electrical characterization of biological tissues offers a promising non-invasive approach to understanding tissue properties. This research rigorously examines how bio-impedance values are influenced by the frequency of the input signal and the strategic placement of electrodes. Utilizing the capabilities of the AD5933 evaluation board by Analog Devices, the study spanned a frequency range from 1KHz to 200 KHz. The results highlighted a significant decrease in impedance with increasing frequency, a trend attributed to the capacitive characteristics of cell membranes. Moreover, the specific distance between electrodes was identified as a crucial factor affecting measurement accuracy. Given these findings, the adaptation of this technique in healthcare settings, particularly in diagnostics, could offer enhanced precision, underscoring its potential relevance in clinical practice.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Cardiospermum Halicacabum Leaf Extract and its Effect on Human Colon Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Kotteeswaran Venkatesan , Ponsreeram Shruthi , Mukherjee Aritra , Sadagopan Anirudh , Anbalagan Naveen Kumar
Published: July 2024

Nanobiotechnology is an evolving domain of scientific exploration connected with synthesis and mechanism of nanoparticles in biological systems. Silver nanoparticles have gained utmost popularity because of its characteristics like thermal conductivity, chemical stability, and high catalytic activities. It also has various advantages like being a drug carrier, transmembrane deliver and potential for controlled intracellular drug-delivery. The current study deals with fabrication of nanoparticles which are formed from biologically reduced silver, followed by its characterization. In addition, anticancer activity was investigated using in-vitro cell model. The synthesis was confirmed from the change in color to brown from golden yellow and also from absorbance peak obtained at 430nm in UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The obtained nanoparticle had an average size of about 150.1 nm and its FTIR peaks suggested the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols. XRD analysis exhibited peaks in the 2θ range of 227.72o, 32.29o, 38.76o, 43.17o, 54.47o, 64.04o and 77.75o, is confirming its crystallographic nature. Further, anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles was tested through cell proliferation assays, Lactate Dehydrogenase assays, and apoptosis assay using Hoechst/PI staining, wherein there is clear reduction in cell’s proliferation, viability, and LDH release, followed by increased dead cells as a result of treatment.
Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 and hs-CRP are Correlated with Anti-TPO Antibodies in Jordanian Non-Pregnant Women with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Authors: Alamro Mais Ahmad , Ahmed Khaled A. , Khleifat Khaled M , almajali Belal , Sayed Usamah , Al-wajeeh Abdullah Saleh , Al-Jamal Hamid Ali Nagi
Published: July 2024

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. This research investigates the complex interaction between HT and cardiovascular risk in adult Jordanian non-pregnant women aged 20-50. Through a study involving 50 HT subjects and 40 healthy subjects, the levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (PLA2), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies were compared using ELISA methods and enzymatic colorimetric assays for lipid profiles. The results revealed significantly higher serum levels of hs-CRP, PLA2, and Anti-TPO in Hashimoto's patients, coupled with elevated cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Conversely, reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were observed in Hashimoto’s patients compared to healthy subjects. The study establishes a noteworthy correlation between thyroid autoimmunity, thyroid disease, PLA2, hs-CRP, and lipid profile, underscoring an increased cardiovascular risk in individuals with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The findings emphasize the prevalence of Anti-TPO antibodies in adult Jordanian non-pregnant women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of the Nutritionally Rich Plant, Dioscorea alata L.
Authors: Induar Sadhni , Dubey Debasmita , Rath Shakti , Mehe Rajesh Kumar , Swain Santosh Kumar , Tripathy Subrat Kumar
Published: July 2024

Dioscorea alata belongs to Dioscoreaceae or the yam family. Around 600 Dioscorea species are consumed in various regions of the world. Dioscorea alata is well known cultivated tuber consumed by both rural and urban people. In this study, we have investigated the nutrient composition, phytochemicals, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the underground and aerial tubers of Dioscorea alata. The result of the analysis showed that the aerial tuber of D. alata contained a higher amount of moisture (68.51%), ash (4.64%), starch (5.61%), reducing sugar (0.029%), fat (0.33%) and protein (1.39%) than underground tuber of D. alata. At the same time, carbohydrates, free amino acids, vitamin C, sodium, potassium and iron contents were superior in the underground tuber than in the aerial tuber. Further, both underground and aerial tuber was a good source of phenols, flavonoids, tannins and diosgenin. The underground tuber exhibited better DPPH scavenging potential compared to the aerial tuber. Six solvents extract of D. alata showed significant to moderate antibacterial activity toward seven tested clinical stains. Thus, the tuber of D. alata could be used as a better food supplement to meet the calorie requirement and a rich source of relevant antimicrobial agents to treat microbial infections.
Thе Influеnсе of Sоmе Isоquinоlinе Аlkаlоids on thе Dysfunсtiоn of Rаt Hеаrt Mitосhоndriа Undеr Соnditiоns of Оxidаtivе Strеss
Authors: Komiljonovich Pozilov Mamurjon , Bakhtiyor qizi Mukhamedieva Irodakhon , Sodiq qizi Djumaeva Malika , Saminjon Isroiljonov , Niyatkabulovich Zhurakulov Sherzod
Published: July 2024

In this аrtiсlе, thе еffесts оf 1-(4-dimеthylаminоphеnyl)-6,7-dimеthоxy-1,2,3,4-tеtrаhydrоisоquinоlinе (F-24) аnd 1-(4-mеthоxylphеnyl)-6,7-dimеthоxy-1,2,3,4-tеtrаhydrоisоquinоlinе (F-4) isоquinоlinе аlkаlоids оn thе swеlling prосеss оf rаt hеаrt mitосhоndriа undеr соnditiоn оf оxidаtivе strеss аnd сitrаtе-Fе2+-dеpеndеnt lipid pеrоxidаtiоn wеrе studiеd. Thе оxidаtivе strеss (ОS) mоdеl in rаts wаs induсеd by оrаl аdministrаtiоn оf PbСl2 sаlt аt а dоsе оf 10 mg/kg оnсе dаily. Аftеr induсing ОS, rаts оf grоups III аnd IV wеrе аdministеrеd isоquinоlinе аlkаlоids F-24 аnd F-4, with thеir аdditiоn tо аnimаl fееd, аt а dоsе оf 30 mg/kg оnсе а dаy fоr 7 dаys, rеspесtivеly. In thе ОS mоdеl grоups, оnly а smаll numbеr оf rаts diеd (10%). It wаs fоund thаt thе inhibitоry еffесt оf isоquinоlinе аlkаlоid F-4 оn thе swеlling оf hеаrt mitосhоndriа undеr ОS соnditiоns is mоrе асtivе thаn thаt оf isоquinоlinе аlkаlоid F-24. Undеr ОS соnditiоns, isоquinоlinе аlkаlоids F-24 аnd F-4 hаd аn inhibitоry еffесt оn Fе2+/сitrаtе-induсеd lipid pеrоxidаtiоn оf rаt hеаrt mitосhоndriаl mеmbrаnеs. Thе mаin rеаsоns fоr thе оpеning оf mitосhоndriаl pеrmеаbility trаnsitiоn pоrе (mPTP) undеr ОS соnditiоns аrе thе dеvеlоpmеnt оf strеss, prо-оxidаnts, induсtiоn оf lipid pеrоxidаtiоn, аnd оxidаtiоn оf thiоl grоups in thе mPTP соmplеx.
Effects of metformin on knee joint capsule fibrosis in a diabetic mouse model
Authors: Naito Toichiro , Yamanaka Yoshiaki , Tokuda Kotaro , Sato Naohito , Tajima Takafumi , Tsukamoto Manabu , Suzuki Hitoshi , Kawasaki Makoto , Nakamura Eiichiro , Sakai Akinori
Published: July 2024

Aims

The antidiabetic agent metformin inhibits fibrosis in various organs. This study aims to elucidate the effects of hyperglycaemia and metformin on knee joint capsule fibrosis in mice.

Methods

Eight-week-old wild-type (WT) and type 2 diabetic (db/db) mice were divided into four groups without or with metformin treatment (WT met(-/+), Db met(-/+)). Mice received daily intraperitoneal administration of metformin and were killed at 12 and 14 weeks of age. Fibrosis morphology and its related genes and proteins were evaluated. Fibroblasts were extracted from the capsules of 14-week-old mice, and the expression of fibrosis-related genes in response to glucose and metformin was evaluated in vitro.

Results

The expression of all fibrosis-related genes was higher in Db met(-) than in WT met(-) and was suppressed by metformin. Increased levels of fibrosis-related genes, posterior capsule thickness, and collagen density were observed in the capsules of db/db mice compared with those in WT mice; these effects were suppressed by metformin. Glucose addition increased fibrosis-related gene expression in both groups of mice in vitro. When glucose was added, metformin inhibited the expression of fibrosis-related genes other than cellular communication network factor 2 (Ccn2) in WT mouse cells.

Conclusion

Hyperglycaemia promotes fibrosis in the mouse knee joint capsule, which is inhibited by metformin. These findings can help inform the development of novel strategies for treating knee joint capsule fibrosis.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(7):321–331.
Risks of anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and sleep disorders in patients with dengue fever: A nationwide, population-based cohort study
Authors: Shih Hsin-I , Wang Yu-Ping , Chi Chia-Yu , Chien Yu-Wen
Published: July 2024

Background

Dengue virus (DENV) infection, a common mosquito-borne disease, has been linked to several mental disorders like depression and anxiety. However, the temporal risk of these disorders after DENV infection is not well studied.

Methods

This population-based cohort study encompassed 45,334 recently lab-confirmed dengue patients in Taiwan spanning 2002 to 2015, matched at a 1:5 ratio with non-dengue individuals based on age, gender, and residence (n = 226,670). Employing subdistribution hazard regression analysis, we assessed the immediate (<3 months), intermediate (3–12 months), and prolonged (>12 months) risks of anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and sleep disorders post DENV infection. Corrections for multiple comparisons were carried out using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure.

Results

A significant increase in depressive disorder risk across all timeframes post-infection was observed (<3 months [aSHR 1.90, 95% CI 1.20–2.99], 3–12 months [aSHR 1.68, 95% CI 1.32–2.14], and >12 months [aSHR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03–1.25]). Sleep disorder risk was higher only during 3–12 months (aSHR 1.55, 95% CI 1.18–2.04). No elevated anxiety disorder risk was found. Subgroup analysis of hospitalized dengue patients showed increased risk of anxiety disorders within 3 months (aSHR 2.14, 95% CI 1.19–3.85) and persistent risk of depressive disorders across all periods. Hospitalized dengue patients also had elevated sleep disorder risk within the first year.

Conclusion

Dengue patients exhibited significantly elevated risks of depressive disorders in both the short and long term. However, dengue’s impact on sleep disorders and anxiety seems to be short-lived. Further research is essential to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Plasmodium vivax populations in the western Greater Mekong Subregion evaluated using a genetic barcode
Authors: Hu Yubing , Li Yuling , Brashear Awtum M. , Zeng Weilin , Wu Zifang , Wang Lin , Wei Haichao , Soe Myat Thu , Aung Pyae Linn , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Kyaw Myat Phone , Yang Zhaoqing , Zhao Yan , Cui Liwang , Cao Yaming
Published: July 2024

An improved understanding of the Plasmodium vivax populations in the Great Mekong Subregion (GMS) is needed to monitor the progress of malaria elimination. This study aimed to use a P. vivax single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) barcode to evaluate the population dynamics and explore the gene flow among P. vivax parasite populations in the western GMS (China, Myanmar and Thailand). A total of 315 P. vivax patient samples collected in 2011 and 2018 from four regions of the western GMS were genotyped for 42 SNPs using the high-throughput MassARRAY SNP genotyping technology. Population genetic analysis was conducted to estimate the genetic diversity, effective population size, and population structure among the P. vivax populations. Overall, 291 samples were successfully genotyped at 39 SNPs. A significant difference was observed in the proportion of polyclonal infections among the five P. vivax populations (P = 0.0012, Pearson Chi-square test, χ2 = 18.1), with western Myanmar having the highest proportion (96.2%, 50/52) in 2018. Likewise, the average complexity of infection was also highest in western Myanmar (1.31) and lowest in northeast Myanmar (1.01) in 2018. The older samples from western China in 2011 had the highest pairwise nucleotide diversity (π, 0.388 ± 0.046), expected heterozygosity (He, 0.363 ± 0.02), and the largest effective population size. In comparison, in the neighboring northeast Myanmar, the more recent samples in 2018 showed the lowest values (π, 0.224 ± 0.036; He, 0.220 ± 0.026). Furthermore, the 2018 northeast Myanmar parasites showed high and moderate genetic differentiation from other populations with FST values of 0.162–0.252, whereas genetic differentiation among other populations was relatively low (FST ≤ 0.059). Principal component analysis, phylogeny, and STRUCTURE analysis showed that the P. vivax population in northeast Myanmar in 2018 substantially diverged from other populations. Although the 42 SNP barcode is a valuable tool for tracking parasite origins of worldwide parasite populations, a more extended barcode with additional SNPs is needed to distinguish the more related parasite populations in the western GMS.
High prevalence of hepatitis B and HIV among women survivors of sexual violence in South Kivu province, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Basimane Bisimwa Parvine , Koyaweda Giscard Wilfried , Bihehe Masemo Dieudonné , Ayagirwe Rodrigue Balthazar Basengere , Birindwa Ahadi Bwihangane , Bisimwa Patrick Ntagereka , Kikuni Besulani Georges , Kashosi Théophile Mitima , Mugisho Matabishi Cadeau , Mitima Misuka Bienfait , Mukonkole Jean Paulin Mbo , Bisimwa Nachega Jean , Mukwege Mukengere Denis , Komas Narcisse Patrice Joseph
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Limited data are available on the prevalence rates of hepatitis B and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among women survivors of sexual violence (WSSV) in South Kivu province, in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where armed conflicts persist. Here, we aimed to assess the prevalence of these two infections in this vulnerable local population.

Methods

A total of 1002 WSSV, aged from 18 to 70 years old were enrolled from May 2018 to May 2020 at three healthcare facilities (Panzi, Mulamba and Bulenga hospitals), which are called “The One-Stop Centre Care Model" for the management of sexual violence in South Kivu. Blood samples were collected and tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens and antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) methods. Subsequently, viral load quantification for HBV and HIV were performed using the GeneXpert. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with HIV-positive and HBV-positive status.

Results

For HBV, overall prevalence was 8.9% (95% CI; 7.2–10.8%), 32.1% (95% CI; 29.3–35.0%), and 14.5% (95% CI; 12.3–16.8%) for HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs antibodies, respectively. Among the 89 HBsAg-positive patients, 17 (19.1%) were HBeAg-positive. The median age of individuals with a positive HBsAg test was higher than those with a negative test (median: 40 years (IQR 30–52) compared to 36 years (IQR 24–48)). Risk factors for HBV infection were age (≥35 years) (AOR = 1.83 [1.02–3.32]; p = 0.041), having no schooling (AOR = 4.14 [1.35–12.62]; p = 0.012) or only primary school-level (AOR = 4.88 [1.61–14.75]; p = 0.005), and multiple aggressors (AOR = 1.76 [1.09–2.84], p = 0.019). The prevalence of HIV was 4.3% [95% CI: 3.1–5.7%]. HIV/HBV co-infection occurred only in 5 individuals (0.5%). The HBV viral load was detectable (> 1 log10 UI/mL) in 61.8% of HBsAg-positive subjects and 64.8% HIV-positive subjects had a high viral load (≥ 3 log10 copies/mL).

Conclusion

This study revealed a high prevalence of HBV and HIV infections among WSSV in South Kivu. The results generated highlight the urgent need for systematic screening of HBV and HIV by integrating fourth-generation ELISA tests in HIV and HBV control programs.
Criticality and partial synchronization analysis in Wilson-Cowan and Jansen-Rit neural mass models
Authors: Kazemi Sheida , Farokhniaee AmirAli , Jamali Yousef
Published: July 2024

Synchronization is a phenomenon observed in neuronal networks involved in diverse brain activities. Neural mass models such as Wilson-Cowan (WC) and Jansen-Rit (JR) manifest synchronized states. Despite extensive research on these models over the past several decades, their potential of manifesting second-order phase transitions (SOPT) and criticality has not been sufficiently acknowledged. In this study, two networks of coupled WC and JR nodes with small-world topologies were constructed and Kuramoto order parameter (KOP) was used to quantify the amount of synchronization. In addition, we investigated the presence of SOPT using the synchronization coefficient of variation. Both networks reached high synchrony by changing the coupling weight between their nodes. Moreover, they exhibited abrupt changes in the synchronization at certain values of the control parameter not necessarily related to a phase transition. While SOPT was observed only in JR model, neither WC nor JR model showed power-law behavior. Our study further investigated the global synchronization phenomenon that is known to exist in pathological brain states, such as seizure. JR model showed global synchronization, while WC model seemed to be more suitable in producing partially synchronized patterns.
Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors
Authors: Sun Boxiang , Wang Huiyu , Zou Songyan , Shao Xiang
Published: July 2024

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are vital for alternative energy, powering motors effi-ciently. They offer fuel versatility and waste heat recovery, making them ideal for various applications. Optimizing interconnector structures is crucial for SOFC advancement. This paper introduces a novel 2D simulation model for interconnector SOFCs, aiming to enhance their performance. We initially construct a single half-cell model for a conventional interconnector SOFC, ensuring model accuracy. Subsequently, we propose an innovative interconnector SOFC model, which outperforms the conventional counterpart in various aspects.
The impact of mixed-ownership reform on zombie firms: Evidence from Chinese listed SOEs
Authors: Yin Yufei , Cao Kexin
Published: July 2024

Clearing out zombie firms is a critical challenge for both developed and developing countries. This article draws upon data from Chinese listed SOEs to examine the impact of mixed-ownership reform on zombie firms. The findings indicate that non-state-owned shareholders participating in mixed-ownership reform by appointing directors can help reduce the possibility of SOEs becoming zombie firms, while participating in mixed-ownership reform through shareholding is not significant. Moreover, the impact of mixed-ownership reform on zombie firms is more pronounced for firms in competitive industries and firms located in the eastern region of China. Mechanism analysis reveals that the reduction of inefficient investment has a positive mediating effect between mixed-ownership reform and zombie firms.
Biochemical properties of novel Carbon nanodot-stabilized silver nanoparticles enriched calcium hydroxide endodontic sealer
Authors: Ali Tayyaba Waqar , Gul Hashmat , Fareed Muhammad Amber , Tabassum Sobia , Mir Sana Rubab , Afzaal Aqsa , Muhammad Nawshad , Kaleem Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Calcium Hydroxide-based endodontic sealer loaded with antimicrobial agents have been commonly employed in conventional root canal treatment. These sealers are not effective against E. faecalis due to the persistent nature of this bacterium and its ability to evade the antibacterial action of calcium hydroxide. Therefore, endodontic sealer containing Carbon nanodots stabilized silver nanoparticles (CD-AgNPs) was proposed to combat E. faecalis. The therapeutic effect of CD-AgNPs was investigated and a new cytocompatible Calcium Hydroxide-based endodontic sealer enriched with CD-AgNPs was synthesized that exhibited a steady release of Ag+ ions and lower water solubility at 24 hours, and enhanced antibacterial potential against E. faecalis. CD-AgNPs was synthesized and characterized morphologically and compositionally by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Vis Spectroscopy, followed by optimization via minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination against E. faecalis by broth microdilution technique and Cytotoxicity analysis against NIH3T3 cell lines via Alamar Blue assay. Calcium hydroxide in distilled water was taken as control (C), Calcium hydroxide with to CD-AgNPs (5mg/ml and 10mg/ml) yielded novel endodontic sealers (E1 and E2). Morphological and chemical analysis of the novel sealers were done by SEM and FTIR; followed by in vitro assessment for antibacterial potential against E. faecalis via agar disc diffusion method, release of Ag+ ions for 21 days by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and water solubility by weight change for 21 days. CD-AgNPs were 15–20 nm spherical-shaped particles in uniformly distributed clusters and revealed presence of constituent elements in nano-assembly. FTIR spectra revealed absorption peaks that correspond to various functional groups. UV-Vis absorption spectra showed prominent peaks that correspond to Carbon nanodots and Silver nanoparticles. CD-AgNPs exhibited MIC value of 5mg/ml and cytocompatibility of 84.47% with NIH3T3 cell lines. Novel endodontic sealer cut-discs revealed irregular, hexagonal particles (100–120 nm) with aggregation and rough structure with the presence of constituent elements. FTIR spectra of novel endodontic sealers revealed absorption peaks that correspond to various functional groups. Novel endodontic sealers exhibited enhanced antibacterial potential where E-2 showed greatest inhibition zone against E. faecalis (6.3±2 mm), a steady but highest release of Ag+ ions was exhibited by E-1 (0.043±0.0001 mg/mL) and showed water solubility of <3% at 24 hours where E-2 showed minimal weight loss at all time intervals. Novel endodontic sealers were cytocompatible and showed enhanced antibacterial potential against E. faecalis, however, E2 outperformed in this study in all aspects.
Watch out! High vigilance at small waterholes when alone in open trees
Authors: Hofmann Gerhard , Mettke-Hofmann Claudia
Published: July 2024

An animal’s environment contains many risks causing animals to scan their environment for potential predators and threats from conspecifics. How much time they invest in such vigilance depends on environmental and social factors. Most vigilance studies have been conducted in a foraging context with little known about vigilance in other contexts. Here we investigated vigilance of Gouldian finches at waterholes considering environmental and social factors. Gouldian finches are colour polymorphic with two main head colours in both sexes co-occurring in the same population, black-headed and red-headed. Data collection was done on birds sitting in trees surrounding waterholes by measuring the frequency of head movements, which reflects how frequently they change their field of view, i.e., scan different areas in their environment. A higher frequency generally reflects higher vigilance. Gouldian finches had a higher frequency of head movements when at small waterholes and when sitting in open, leafless trees. Moreover, head movements were higher when birds were alone in the tree as compared to groups of birds. Finally, birds in same head colour morph groups had a higher frequency of head movements than birds in mixed head colour groups. Results indicate heightened vigilance with increased perception of predation risk (small waterholes, open exposed perch, when alone) but that social vigilance also played a role (group composition) with particularly the aggressive red-headed birds being more vigilant when together with other red-headed birds. Future research should investigate the effect of smaller waterholes as global warming will cause smaller waterholes to become more common for longer periods of time, which can increase stress in the birds.
The implementation of Public–Private Partnership in China: A sustainable pathway?
Authors: Zuo Chuan , Li Jun , Wang Yatong
Published: July 2024

The organizational forms of infrastructure in China are divided into two categories, the traditional Public Procurement Model (PUB) model and Public–Private Partnership(PPP) model. The main difference is the separation or binding of the construction and operation phases. A systematic understanding is needed of how Chinese local governments choose between these two models. In this paper, we take public capital congestion and local government objectives as the entry point to study the effects of both on PPP choice. Firstly, by constructing an endogenous economic growth model under the PPP model, and comparing it with the model under the PUB model, this paper initially explains how the rise in public capital congestion affects the choice of the PPP by growth-oriented local governments. Then the data from prefecture-level cities from 2009–2018 are utilized to conduct empirical tests. We find that urban economic growth pressures have a positive effect on the choice of PPP when the congestion of public capital increases. Furthermore, the implementation of PPP is indeed conducive to economic performance, and its core mechanism is to provide more infrastructure (like roads) rather than tax competition. The PPP model is more sustainable. We are the first to employ both modeling approach and the empirical research to address the implementation of Public–Private Partnership in China. And we have systematically analyzed the conditions and results of PPP selection by local governments. It formulates the Chinese PPP theory.
Molecular epidemiology of enteroviruses from Guatemalan wastewater isolated from human lung fibroblasts
Authors: Sayyad Leanna , Harrington Chelsea , Castro Christina J. , Belgasmi-Allen Hanen , Jeffries Miles Stacey , Hill Jamaica , Mendoza Prillwitz María Linda , Gobern Lorena , Gaitán Ericka , Delgado Andrea Paola , Castillo Signor Leticia , Rondy Marc , Rey-Benito Gloria , Gerloff Nancy
Published: July 2024

The Global Specialized Polio Laboratory at CDC supports the Global Poliovirus Laboratory Network with environmental surveillance (ES) to detect the presence of vaccine strain polioviruses, vaccine-derived polioviruses, and wild polioviruses in high-risk countries. Environmental sampling provides valuable supplementary information, particularly in areas with gaps in surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) mainly in children less than 15 years. In collaboration with Guatemala’s National Health Laboratory (Laboratorio Nacional de Salud Guatemala), monthly sewage collections allowed screening enterovirus (EV) presence without incurring additional costs for sample collection, transport, or concentration. Murine recombinant fibroblast L-cells (L20B) and human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells are used for the isolation of polioviruses following a standard detection algorithm. Though non-polio-Enteroviruses (NPEV) can be isolated, the algorithm is optimized for the detection of polioviruses. To explore if other EV’s are present in sewage not found through standard methods, five additional cell lines were piloted in a small-scale experiment, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used for the identification of any EV types. Human lung fibroblast cells (HLF) were selected based on their ability to isolate EV-A genus. Sewage concentrates collected between 2020–2021 were isolated in HLF cells and any cytopathic effect positive isolates used for NGS. A large variety of EVs, including echoviruses 1, 3, 6, 7, 11, 13, 18, 19, 25, 29; coxsackievirus A13, B2, and B5, EV-C99, EVB, and polioviruses (Sabin 1 and 3) were identified through genomic typing in NGS. When the EV genotypes were compared by phylogenetic analysis, it showed many EV’s were genomically like viruses previously isolated from ES collected in Haiti. Enterovirus occurrence did not follow a seasonality, but more diverse EV types were found in ES collection sites with lower populations. Using the additional cell line in the existing poliovirus ES algorithm may add value by providing data about EV circulation, without additional sample collection or processing. Next-generation sequencing closed gaps in knowledge providing molecular epidemiological information on multiple EV types and full genome sequences of EVs present in wastewater in Guatemala.
Co-production of research derived actionable resources for the delivery of Individual Service Funds (EQUALD study): Protocol
Authors: Dunning Alice , Tarling Clare , Croot Liz
Published: July 2024

Adults with a learning disability who receive social care are legally entitled to a personal budget. Personal budgets were introduced to promote choice and control in support. Individual Service Funds were introduced as a flexible way that personal budgets can be managed by a provider while maintaining choice and control for the individual. Individual Service Funds have been shown to improve quality of life for individuals and efficiency in support. Despite this, only 20% of local authorities offer them to adults with a learning disability, demonstrating the need for resources to be developed to support their delivery. This protocol described a co-production study with key stakeholders to develop and refine Individual Service Fund resources. Our primary aim is to co-produce two actionable resources: to support development, delivery, consistency, and sustained provision of ISFs; and to support uptake and optimal use of ISFs by recipients. We also aim to user-test and evaluate these resources with three Local Authorities. The result of this study will be two resources that will support the uptake of Individual Service Funds for adults with a learning disability that will be freely available online.
‘Other Stations Are Shit’: Student Radio in Aotearoa New Zealand, Matt Mollgaard and Karen Neill (2023)
Authors: Fauteux Brian
Published: July 2024

Review of: ‘Other Stations Are Shit’: Student Radio in Aotearoa New Zealand, Matt Mollgaard and Karen Neill (2023)

Christchurch: Freerange Press, 228 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-47369-263-6, e-book, $24.45

Live from the Underground: A History of College Radio, Katherine Rye Jewell (2023)

Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 480 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-469677-25-5, p/bk, $29.95
Applicability Analysis of Emergency Discharge Technology Based on Case Study of Reservoir Failure
Authors: Choi Byoung Han , Hong Jae Joo , Won Dong Hyun ,   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis
Published: July 2024

As climate variability and uncertainty are increased, reservoir(dam) collapse occurs every each year, and social
and economic losses due to the collapse of reservoirs affect the convenience and national security of the
people. In particular, there are a lot of concern about human lives and property damage in small and medium-sized
reservoirs of local governments which are lack of flood control capabilities and lack of professional manpower
for the management. In this study, 94 cases of reservoir collapse data caused by localized heavy rain, were
constructed. And 12 categories based on specific and geometrical characteristics were classified into four
categories, for 11,395 small and medium-sized reservoirs under 300,000 tons completed by 1970. The 1,014
reservoirs in 109 municipalities derived into the collapse characteristic category. Finally, the 964 reservoirs were
derived, through relationship analysis between emergency discharge technology and specific information of
reservoir. Although this study results are able to used as basic information on the disaster management operation
system of local governments by deriving risky reservoirs from this data analysis and classification system.
Claudia Paim corpo paisagem#sur
Authors: Tedesco Elaine Athayde Alves
Published: July 2024

Este artigo propõe um olhar para obras da artista brasileira Claudia Paim, especificamente os vídeos gravados e editados por ela. Procurou-se compreender como a artista via a paisagem, para tanto, foram analisadas suas fotoperformances da série Corpopaisagem e excertos de seus escritos. O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir da memória da autora sobre visitas a exposições, consulta de arquivos e acesso aos vídeos da artista disponíveis on-line. A definição de paisagem apoiou-se nas reflexões de Michel Collot. O texto tem os eixos: Como vista por seus olhos e gravada com a câmera; Corpopaisagem; A voz, a paisagem que sai pela boca e as traições da memória.
alegoria do corpo feminino e o olhar do espectador como elemento dessa construção
Authors: Bertinato Flavia
Published: July 2024

Considerando a definição de alegoria como uma forma de conhecimento que evidencia as camadas de atribuição de significados sobre o objeto, em diferentes tempos históricos, este artigo propõe uma reflexão que surge a partir de instalações e pinturas, a saber: “Calada” (2008), “Amante” (2008), “Bandida” (2013), “Rapunzel” (2015) e “Dama da Noite” (2020). Vemos neste grupo de obra, o lidar com experiências da esfera social e com um repertório do âmbito artístico como convenções e clichês. Este artigo visa elencar as principais características dessas narrativas alegóricas do feminino, focando na reflexão em comum quanto ao olhar do espectador como elemento, não externo, mas a elas estruturalmente interiorizado.
Nomes próprios de pessoa em línguas de sinais
Authors: Rech Gabriele Cristine , Sell Fabíola Sucupira Ferreira
Published: July 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo levantar a nomenclatura utilizada para designar os sinais de nomes próprios em pesquisas realizadas sobre este objeto de estudo em diferentes línguas de sinais. Para tanto, parte-se da busca por termos utilizados em trabalhos realizados sobre diferentes línguas de sinais. Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como teórica, que apresenta abordagem clássica da classe gramatical nome para então situá-la no âmbito da antroponomástica. Como resultados, foram encontradas diferentes nomenclaturas para designar os sinais de nomes próprios em diferentes trabalhos acerca das línguas de sinais. Parte destes termos parecem ser traduções de termos já existentes em trabalhos pioneiros. Como conclusões, aponta-se que em pesquisas brasileiras, embora haja diferenças nos termos traduzidos, há evidências de que são equivalentes.
Hydraulic Dynamics of the Riparian Soil in the Chapadão do Diamante - Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais
Authors: Confessor Jefferson Gomes , Silva Lara Luiza , Lima Natália Aparecida Rodrigues , Santos Anna Beatriz Pereira dos
Published: July 2024

Serra da Canastra National Park, located in the Cerrado Biome in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, consolidates a conservation unit that includes the sources of several important Brazilian hydrographic basins. Given the significance of local and national water supply and regulation, this study aimed to analyze and understand the physical-hydraulic characteristics of the soil in the riparian zone within the park. Field data were collected using a rainfall simulator and a concentric ring infiltrometer. The results demonstrated an elevated infiltration capacity in the study área. Only 23.74% of the 57.4mm of artificially precipitated high-intensity rainfall was runoff. Basic infiltration velocity (BIV) values were considered very high (50.74 mm/h). Overall, these values were associated with the characteristics of the landscape, highlighting the importance of vegetation in the soil cover and the physical attributes of the soil. These factors influenced the modulation of the soil's capacity to retain, infiltrate, and store large volumes of water. In this regard, the importance of these riparian zones for the environment was emphasized as they play a crucial role in protecting watercourses. They act as barriers against erosive flow from upstream areas, incorporating water into the soil profile to store and release over time.  These areas thus become important sites for water regulation.