bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A contradição no consenso social do discurso ecológico da campanha publicitária da linha Ekos da Natura
Authors: Teixeira Maria Eunice de Godoy Machado
Published: January 2018

Este artigo propõe analisar o discurso da campanha publicitária da linha Ekos/Natura, produzida em 2009. O sentido de reciprocidade e interdependência entre classes sociais traz, entretanto, a memória de uma sociedade dividida em classes economicamente opostas. Na perspectiva da Análise de Discurso, pretendeu-se tornar explícito o funcionamento dessa memória discursiva que, na produção do novo, contém o repetível, o conhecido e, no discurso dominante, traz o equívoco e a falha.
O Parque do Ibirapuera e o lazer na cidade de São Paulo: da descrição à apropriação
Authors: Nunes Junior Paulo Cezar
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho busca debater o papel dos parques urbanos e do lazer no desenvolvimento das cidades atuais, em especial na cidade de São Paulo. A partir de dados de uma pesquisa antropológica realizada em 2008 no Parque do Ibirapuera, serão apontados elementos de descrição do local e apropriações feitas pelos usuários no uso do tempo livre.
Inovação nas práticas de promoção da saúde por meio da arte da palhaçaria: a dialogia do riso registrada em vídeo-documentários nas experiências de campo
Authors: Matraca Marcus Vinicius Campos , Araújo-Jorge Tania C. de
Published: January 2018

Neste artigo descrevemos e refletimos sobre a construção dos vídeos documentários: “Matraca e o povo invisível” e “Na Pista”, ambos protagonizados pelo Palhaço Matraca nas ruas das cidades do Rio de Janeiro, Niterói, Buenos Aires e Brasília, dialogando e brincando com o povo da rua sobre temas de saúde e vida. Este estudo lança mão da metodologia da pesquisa participante e utiliza a Dialogia do Riso como estratégia para a promoção da saúde com a arte da palhaçaria fora de ambiente hospitalar, diretamente em situações de rua.
Implantation of Elongated Porous Silicon Neural Probe Array in Rat Cortex
Authors: Hajj-Hassan Mohamad , Fayad Rayan , Berro Soumaya , Chodavarapu Vamsy P. , Musallam Sam
Published: January 2018

Neural microprobes represent an important component of neural prosthetic systems where implanted microprobes record the electro-potentials generated by specific thoughts in the brain and convey the signals to algorithms trained to interpret these thoughts. Here, we present novel elongated multi-site neural probe that can reach depths greater than 10mm. We hypothesize that reaching such depth allows the recording of cognitive signals required to drive cognitive prosthetics. The impedance of the recording sites on the probes was on the order of 500 kΩ at 1 kHz, which is consistent with probes used for neurophysiological recordings. The probes were made porous using Xenon Difluoride (XeF2) dry etching to improve the biocompatibility and their adherence to the surrounding neural tissue. Numerical studies were performed to determine the reliability of the porous probes. We implanted the elongated probe in rats and show that the elongated probes are capable of simultaneously recording both spikes and local field potentials (LFPs) from various recording sites.
Heat Stress during Flowering Affects Time of Day of Flowering, Seed Set, and Grain Quality in Spring Wheat
Authors: Aiqing Sun , Somayanda Impa , Sebastian Sunoj Valiaparambil , Singh Kanwardeep , Gill Kulvinder , Prasad P. V. V. , Jagadish S. V. Krishna
Published: January 2018

Flowering in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is highly sensitive to heat stress. Eleven spring wheat genotypes were exposed to heat stress (34/16°C, day/night temperature) during flowering to investigate the impact on time of day of flowering, seed set, grain yield, and quality under controlled environment chambers. In general, all 11 wheat genotypes recorded peak flowering during cooler hours of the day (i.e. either early in the morning or late in the evening). The trend was more pronounced under heat stress, providing first evidence of an alternative mechanism (i.e. heat escape in wheat minimizing damage during flowering). On average, significant reduction in net CO2 assimilation (17%), starch (25%), and protein content in grain (21%), seed set (7–19%), kernel weight (11–15%), and grain yield (22–38%), but with 17% increase in flag leaves proline concentration, was recorded under heat stress over control. The negative impact of heat stress on seed set was greater among the primary spikes than for the main spike. This differential impact is mainly attributed to limited plasticity of early reproductive processes such as gametogenesis to escape heat stress, unlike heat escape phenomena observed at flowering. KSG1203 and KSG41 exhibited heat escape strategy, whereas KSG1194 emerged as a true heat‐tolerant line. Systematic characterization of time of day of flowering to introduce the heat escape trait and developing heat tolerance strategies for early reproductive stages in ongoing wheat breeding programs is an ideal strategy to minimize heat stress damage.
Big Bluestem and Indiangrass from Remnant Prairies: Plant Biomass and Adaptation
Authors: Vogel Kenneth P. , Johnson K. D. , Carlson I. T. , Schmer Marty R.
Published: January 2018

Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) and indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans L.) were collected from remnant Midwestern prairies and evaluated as individual prairie accessions in replicated space‐transplanted nurseries near Mead, NE, Ames, IA, and West Lafayette, IN. The objective was to determine the extent of differences among the accessions for plant biomass (g plant−1) and biomass quality, the extent of strain × location interactions, and the relationship between geographical locations of collection sites and evaluation locations for plant biomass production. Plant biomass has been used previously as a measure of plant adaptation and fitness. Big bluestem and indiangrass accessions differed significantly (P < 0.05) for plant biomass at all locations. Strain mean squares for plant biomass were 10× greater than strain × location effects for big bluestem and were not significant for indiangrass, indicating a general lack of specific adaptation across the Midwest. Accessions were identified that had high plant biomass at all three locations. These accessions should have value in breeding programs and for use in revegetation. Regression analyses were used to test the effect of north‐to‐south, east‐to‐west, and direct distances between the collection sites and the evaluation locations on plant biomass. The most important distance effects were the north‐to‐south effects, which were significant for plant biomass for big bluestem at all locations and for indiangrass at West Lafayette. Moving northern big bluestem accessions south resulted in reduced plant biomass, with the opposite effect when southern accessions were moved north. Results support the regional adaptation of the best accessions and cultivars for these grasses.
Potential for Iron Reduction Increases with Rainfall in Montane Basaltic Soils of Hawaii
Authors: Hodges C. , King E. , Pett-Ridge J. , Thompson A.
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas

In upland soils, the potential for iron reduction to occur increases with rainfall.

Bulk soil anoxia is not a requirement for soil iron reduction.

Soil iron reduction likely occurs at most sites that experience periodically high soil moisture.

Microbe‐mediated Fe reduction modulates the role of Fe‐bearing minerals, and can occur without saturation, in upland soils. Quantifying this Fe reduction is difficult, but critical for identifying climates in which Fe reduction plays a role in soil biogeochemistry. We measured potential for Fe reduction in upland soils along a rainfall gradient in Maui, Hawaii (2200 to 4400 mm yr–1 mean annual precipitation [MAP]), hypothesizing that potential for Fe reduction correlates with MAP. We determined the potential for Fe reduction by removal of Fe coating from (a) Fe oxide‐coated polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes (Indicator of Reduction in Soils; “PVC IRIS”) and (b) uniformly rusted steel rods (“Steel IRIS probes”) at 7, 11, and 14 d after installation. We measured soil redox potential (Eh) and pH at each site. Some coating was removed from all PVC and Steel IRIS probes, and fraction of Fe removed from Steel IRIS at 14 d (0.13 to 0.67) correlated with MAP (r2 = 0.66, p = 0.016). However, bulk soil Eh remained high (∼900 to 650 mV), except at the subsurface (45 cm) depth of the 4200 mm MAP site, suggesting overall oxidizing conditions. We also conducted in‐laboratory experiments to constrain the conditions of Fe removal. These laboratory experiments indicated (i) Fe reduction drives Fe coating removal, (ii) Fe coating removal (Fe reduction) initiates in unsaturated soils (iii) coating removal increases with increasing soil moisture. Our findings demonstrate that rainfall increases the likelihood for Fe reduction in otherwise oxic soils, and suggests that Fe redox influences the biogeochemistry of many upland soils.
O diálogo entre saúde e política externa brasileira nos governos de Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002) e Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010)
Authors: Barboza Tayná Marques Torres , Pinheiro Letícia , Pires-Alves Fernando
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo busca verificar a instrumentalidade do tema da saúde para a participação ativa e propositiva do Brasil na política internacional entre 1995 e 2010. O tema provocava discussões complexas, constantes e marcantes em diversos fóruns globais nesse período, quando os governos de Fernando Henrique Cardoso e Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva buscavam uma atuação internacional relevante e influente. Seus governos divergiam sobre as responsabilidades e oportunidades do Brasil no sistema internacional, mas compartilhavam o objetivo de assumir posição de influência na política internacional. Na busca estratégica por credibilidade, no período FHC, e por autonomia, no período Lula da Silva, o país assumia uma espécie de dever global, que seria realizado por meio de diversas parcerias internacionais e pela participação em instituições globais de relevo. Nesse esforço, parecia necessário formalizar o tratamento do tema da saúde na agenda da política externa brasileira, o que ocorreria em um processo de institucionalização que implicou, entre 1995 e 2010, a adoção de mudanças no nível político-administrativo dos ministérios das Relações Exteriores e da Saúde e em menções crescentes ao tema da saúde nos discursos das autoridades brasileiras nos fóruns internacionais.
ADM1 modelling of large-scale covered in-ground anaerobic reactor treating sugarcane vinasse
Authors: Elaiuy Marcelo Leite Conde , Borrion Aiduan Li , Poggio Davide , Stegemann Julia Anna , Nour Edson Aparecido Abdul
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we demonstrate in a clear procedure the application of the Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) to model a large-scale covered in-ground anaerobic reactor (Cigar), processing sugarcane vinasse from a biorefinery in Brazil. The biochemical make-up (carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids) of the substrate was analysed based on the food industry standards. Two distinct subsets of data, based on the sugarcane harvest season for bioethanol and sugar production in 2012 and 2014, were used to direct and cross validate the model, respectively. We fitted measured data by estimating two key parameters against biogas flow rate: the degradation extent (fd) and the first order hydrolysis rate coefficient (khyd). By cross validation we show that the fitted model can be generalised to represent the behaviour of the reactor under study. Therefore, motivated by practical and industrial application of ADM1, for both different reactors types and substrates, we show aspects on the implementation of ADM1 to a specific large-scale reactor for anaerobic digestion of sugarcane vinasse.
CUSTOM TRIFLANGE ACETABULAR COMPONENTS IN REVISION HIP REPLACEMENT (EXPERIENCE REVIEW)
Authors: Korytkin A. A. , Zakharova D. V. , Novikova Ya. S. , Gorbatov R. O. , Kovaldov K. A. , El Moudni Y. M.
Published: January 2018

Extensive defects of acetabulum especially accompanied by pelvis discontinuity at the level of acetabulum pose a serious challenge in revision hip replacement and create additional complexity in fixing the acetabular component. One of the perspective options to solve the above issue is the use of custom triflange acetabular components (CTAC) designed based on preoperative computer tomography given the specifics of bone defects of the patient. Purpose of the study — to evaluate the outcomes of CTAC use in revision hip replacement.Materials and methods. The authors analyzed treatment outcomes of 12 patients after revision hip replacement using additive techniques of computer simulation and 3D printing CTAC. Follow up period after the surgery averaged 7±3 months (from one to ten months). 7 out of 12 patients had acetabular defects of Paprosky 3B type, 4 patients had defects of Paprosky 3A and in one patient — of Paprosky 2C.Results. Two out of twelve patients had prosthesis dislocations that required revision hip surgery, one of those patients underwent open reduction of dislocation with wound debridement, another patient underwent replacement of articulating couple of acetabular component. Total scores under Harris Hip Score and paint VAS score prior to treatment was 28±7 and 7±1 points respectively, postoperative scores were 76±9 and 3±1 respectively.Conclusion. The application of additive techniques for revision hip replacement in patients with extensive acetabular and pelvic defects allows to make a precise preoperative planning, to restore joint rotation center, to reconstruct bone defects and to securely fix triflange acetabular component that altogether significantly improve treatment outcomes and patients satisfaction with the surgery.
IATROGENIC HALLUX VARUS: CAUSES OF DEFORMITY AND POSSIBILITIES OF PERCUTANEOUS SURGICAL CORRECTION (RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF CASE REPORTS)
Authors: Berezhnoy S. Yu.
Published: January 2018

Introduction. Hallux varus is a relatively rare foot deformity. Commonly, hallux varus is a complication after the hallux valgus surgery and typically is the result of the first metatarsal medial eminence over resection, first and second metatarsal excessive convergence, over release of the lateral soft tissues, overtightening of the medial soft tissues and soft tissue imbalance of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.The purpose of this study was to clarify the causes and timing of the iatrogenic hallux varus formation and to evaluate the possibility and efficiency of percutaneous techniques in its surgical treatment.Material and methods. Thirty-one feet (31 females suffering from iatrogenic hallux varus) were examined clinically and radiologically, including 14 patients who underwent surgery. The average age of the whole group was 57 years (range, 39 to 74), the subgroup of operated patients — 60 years (range from 53 to 68). The time after primary interventions before the examination varied from 2 to 44 years. The mean follow-up after surgery was 6 months (range from 1.5 to 54).Results. No infection or wound-healing issues were observed. Overall, the patients were completely satisfied with the outcomes of 12 surgeries and satisfied with reservation in 2 cases.Conclusions. The visual manifestations of hallux varus are determined not only by the hallux varus angle, but also by the value of the first intermetatarsal angle. In addition to well-known factors, hallux varus formation is determined by first metatarsal bone elongation and first metatarsophalangeal joint instability. In rare cases, only one of the factors leads to the hallux varus; as a rule, we see a combination of factors with their mutual reinforcement. Despite the demonstration of usage possibility and the efficiency of percutaneous techniques in hallux varus correcting, a small number of observations in the study does not yet allow giving recommendations on the use of specific percutaneous techniques depending on the various clinical manifestations of hallux varus.
EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY OF TOURNIQUET DURING TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: WHEN TO PERFORM RELEASE?
Authors: Chugaev D. V. , Kornilov N. N. , Kogan P. G.
Published: January 2018

Use of a pneumatic tourniquet during total knee arthroplasty is an effective option allowing reduction of the time of surgery and intraoperative blood loss. At the same time, there are a lot of researchers who advocate differing tactical approaches to the duration of the tourniquet application — the so-called “early” and “late” releases.Purpose of the study. To assess the effectiveness and safety of various methods of tourniquet use during primary total knee arthroplasty.Material and methods. 72 patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into two equal prospective groups: 1) keeping the tourniquet throughout the surgery, including wound closure (late release); 2) performing knee arthroplasty using the tourniquet until after implantation of the prosthesis component and implementation of hemostasis after the release of the tourniquet (early release). Such aspects as perioperative blood loss and changes in blood counts, blood transfusion volume, and severity of pain on the VAS scale, the rate of recovery of the knee joint function and number of postoperative complications were assessed during hospital stay of patients.Results. The duration of procedures was 70±15,4 min for the Group I with tourniquet throughout surgery (late release) and 95±27,5 for the Group II with early release (p = 0,001). On the 7th day after the arthroplasty the authors observed statistically significant differences (p0,05) in the dynamics of reducing the level of hemoglobin, red blood cells and hematocrit in patients of compared groups — in patients who underwent late release of the tourniquet, these indicators were higher. When assessing the rate of recovery of knee joint function according to the KSS -and the intensity of the pain syndrome no significant statistical differences were found in the patients of both groups.Conclusion. Application of the tourniquet throughout the surgery to release after closure of the surgical wound does not lead to a sharp increase in the number of ischemic and thromboembolic complications, while at the same time, the application of this methodology to a large extent maintains hemoglobin indicators, red blood cells and hematocrit at a high level without a critical decrease.
Species-Specificity in Myoglobin Oxygenation and Reduction Potential Properties
Authors: Nerimetla Rajasekhara , Krishnan Sadagopan , Mazumder Suman , Mohanty Smita , Mafi Gretchen G. , VanOverbeke Deborah L. , Ramanathan Ranjith
Published: January 2018

The objective was to compare oxygenation and reduction potential properties of bovine and porcine myoglobins in-vitro. Cyclic voltammetry and homology-based myoglobin modeling were used to determine the species-specific effects on myoglobin reduction potential and oxygenation properties at pH 5.6, 6.4, and 7.4. At all pHs, porcine myoglobin had greater (P = 0.04) oxygen affinity than bovine myoglobin. For both species, oxygen affinity was higher at pH 6.4 > pH 7.4 > 5.6 (P = 0.0002). Myoglobin reduction potential for both species was affected by pH (P < 0.0001). The redox potentials became more negative as pH increased, indicating a proton-coupled electron transfer. There were no differences (P = 0.51) between species in reduction potential properties of heme. Homology-based myoglobin modeling indicated that the porcine myoglobin has a shorter distance between the distal histidine and heme than does bovine myoglobin. The variation in amino acid composition between bovine and porcine myoglobin could be partially responsible for differences in oxygen affinity.
Nanobioética, fundamento de la nanoseguridad y la nanodefensa
Authors: Zuleta Salas Guillemo León , Campillo Vélez Beatriz Eugenia
Published: January 2018

El auge de la nanotecnología genera nuevos cuestionamientos, no sólo en las aplicaciones innovadoras, sino también en la reflexión de riesgos que pueden aparecer. En este artículo pretendemos realizar un acercamiento a ese escenario actual y desde allí aproximarnos al discurso de la nanoseguridad y la nanodefensa, desde donde también haremos alusión al nanoterrorismo, campo que los Estados deben empezar a considerar abriendo una suerte de nanodiálogo con los ciudadanos.

Este cuidado de la vida debe estar ligado a una reflexión bioética de la nanotecnología, que será objeto de reflexión en la segunda parte de este texto, una nanobioética que permita identificar los principios ontológicos que no son negociables, no como freno a la ciencia y a la técnica sino como un intento de humanizarla, de indicarle siempre a todo Hombre como su verdadera razón de ser.
Effects of Referents' Gender and Hierarchical Level on Employees' Satisfaction with Pay
Authors: Ataay Aylin
Published: January 2018

My aim was to explain gender differences in relation to pay level satisfaction using social comparison theory. I investigated the relative effects of referents' gender and pay level on pay satisfaction levels of men and women, exploring how referents shape individuals' pay satisfaction.
The results validate prior research findings showing women have greater pay satisfaction than men have. In contrast to previous research, I found that referents' pay level was more important than gender in explicating men's and women's pay satisfaction levels. However, this association is
limited. Even when women compared themselves with referents at the same levels as the men were using as comparison, women's pay level satisfaction differed from that of the men in that women have relatively lower pay level satisfaction because of upward comparisons. This suggests that women
are needed as managerial role models in organizations to improve other women's expectations of pay and accomplishments, and top executives need to encourage women, so they are not undervalued or underemployed.
Pierre Bourdieu og Axel Honneth: Sociologisk og socialfilosofisk kritik af den anerkendte orden. Indledning
Authors: Mathiesen Anders , Willig Rasmus
Published: January 2018

Pierre Bourdieu and Axel Honneth:

Sociological versus social-philosophical critique of the theory of recognition

This special issue of Dansk Sociologi on “Pierre Bourdieu & Axel Honneth“ com¬mences with a discussion between Pierre Bourdieu and Axel Honneth from 1984. It outlines their different positions as regards the relation to social-philo¬so¬phical critique and to the concept of recognition. Sociological critique and social-philosophical critique have always had areas of conflict. Sociology has avoi¬ded creating normative criteria to evaluate societal development, while hand social-philosophy insists on normative criteria for what can been seen as moral progress. It is argued that, even though Bourdieu and Honneth initially represent different perspectives, a closer comparison between these two sociologists may contribute to a more elaborated and critical social theory.
VEGAs Lounge - iøjnefaldende socialitet og afslappethed på en lounge
Authors: Grubb Ane , Rosdahl David
Published: January 2018

Artiklen præsenterer resultater fra en kvalitativ undersøgelse af den danske natklub VEGAs Lounge. Artiklens teoretiske ramme består hovedsageligt af Baumans tanker om flydende modernitet samt Baudrillards overvejelser om cirkulerende tegn. Den første del af artiklen fokuserer på socialiteten blandt de unge mennesker, der besøger Loungen. Med udgangspunkt i Baumans teori om den sen-moderne destabilisering af kollektive grupper og Veblens tanker om iøjnefaldende forbrug foreslås begrebet ”iøjnefaldende socialitet” for at beskrive, hvordan socialiteten med gode venner i et sen-moderne velfærdssamfund bliver en eftertragtet ressource, hvorfor den fremvises og nydes på en iøjnefaldende måde. I artiklens anden del undersøges det, hvordan Loungegæsterne bærer det samme tøj, der refererer til et begrænset antal urbane stilmæssige ikoner, samtidigt med, at de udtrykker sig selv individuelt heri. Ved at trække på Baudrillards tanker om simulation fremhæves det, hvordan dette er muligt, da alle i Loungens urbane setting kan indsætte sig selv som tegnets mere oprindelige referent. Endeligt undersøger artiklen den afslappede holdning og attitude, der præger Loungegæsterne. Begrebet ”iøjnefaldende afslappethed” foreslås for at beskrive, hvordan en afslappet attitude signalerer, at individet succesfuldt kan håndtere sen-modernitetens udfordring om at skabe en velafbalanceret identitet. Gennem den iøjnefaldende fremvisning af socialitet og afslappethed fremviser Loungegæsten altså nogle relevante ressourcer og evner til at håndtere de sen-moderne livsforhold.
Seksualitet mellem risiko og chance. Svingninger i senmoderne værdiorienteringer
Authors: Bruvik Heinskou Marie
Published: January 2018

Marie Bruvik Heinskou:
Sexuality between Risk and Chance: Oscillations in Late Modern Value Orientations

This article examines how young people can seek sexual experiences that intensify their existence to such an extent that the experience itself is not assigned any meaning. It is merely perceived as a moment having its own temporality and its own internal experience, often called chance. For example young people often take a chance and refrain from using a condom during sexual intercourse, while using the concept of risk as a means to navigate in a world characterized by contingency and ambivalence. The balance between these two value orientations, risk and chance, is crucial for determining whether or not young people use a condom. This outlook is often ignored in both campaigns concerning, for instance, sexually transmitted diseases and in studies on sexuality. The risk side of (deviant) sexualities is frequently overemphasized in these campaigns and in theories on sexuality, while chance is neglected. The article argues that there is need for a broader approach to sexualities both in sexual campaigns and in general analyses. Examining the power of risk and the power of chance as oppositional categories, as well as the traces of risk in chance and chance in risk, is one way of broadening the approach.
Effect of activated clinoptilolite in aflatoxin B1 contaminated laying hen diets on aflatoxin B1 residues and quality of eggs
Authors: Demir Ergün , Eseceli Hüseyin , Özcan Akif
Published: January 2018

This study was carried out to determine the effect of a high level of
aflatoxin B1 in laying hen diets, supplemented with deactivated and
activated clinoptilolite, on inner and outer quality and aflatoxin B1
residues in eggs. Two experimental groups were formed and fed high aflatoxin
B1 diets (965 ppb) containing deactivated and activated (450 ?C for 60
minutes) clinoptilolite (2% of diet) for 49 days. In the experiment, a total
of 960 55-week-old Lohmann LSL (white) laying hens were used. Each group had
8 replicates and 480 hens. Egg weight, inner and outer egg quality
parameters and egg aflatoxin B1 levels were determined in a total of 90 eggs
collected on the 15th, 30th and 49th days of the experiment. Diets
containing deactivated or activated clinoptilolite decreased aflatoxin B1
production in laying hen diets after incubation period of 15 days.
Activation of clinoptilolite by heat treat?ment significantly reduced
aflatoxin B1 level in eggs (p<0.05). In addition, the use of clinop?tilolite
as an antifungal agent in the presence of high aflatoxin B1level in layer
hen diets significantly increased the weight of eggs and significantly
reduced the ratio of broken-cracked and dirty eggs (p<0.05). Chicken blood
albumin, creatinine and calcium levels were higher in hens fed diet
containing activated clinoptilolite (p<0.05). However, triglyceride and VLDL
levels decreased significantly in the blood of these animals (p <0.05). In
conclusion, the supplementation of hen diets containing high aflatoxin B1
with activated clinoptilolite improves production performance, egg quality
and decreases aflatoxin B1 residue in the egg.
Laboratory competence evaluation through proficiency testing - mycotoxins in food
Authors: Torovic Ljilja
Published: January 2018

Laboratory for analysis of mycotoxins in food at the Institute of Public
Health of Vojvodina (Novi Sad, Serbia) participated in 15 proficiency
testing schemes in period 2012-2016, comprising 22 determinations of
regulated mycotoxins: aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 and M1, ochratoxin A,
deoxynivalenone, zearalenone, fumonisins and patulin, in different food
commodities: wheat, corn, barley, breakfast cereals, infant food, milk, wine
and fruit juice. Analyses were carried out by high performance liquid
chromatography with ultraviolet (patulin, deoxynivalenol) or fluorescence
detection (aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone) using o-phthalaldehyde
precolumn derivatization (fumonisins) or UV postcolumn derivatization
(aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2), following clean-up on immunoaffinity columns
with specific antibodies, except in case of patulin when solvent extraction
and solid-phase C-18 clean-up were used. Laboratory performance assessed in
terms of z scores showed all satisfactory results. In depth evaluation
revealed following distribution of z scores (absolute values): 59.1% up to
0.5, 36.4% between 0.5 and 1.0, and 4.5% above 1.0. Analysis of trends
performed for multiple determinations of individual mycotoxins showed
several changes of z score to better or worse rank. Overall assessment of
the performance in proficiency testing demonstrated laboratory competence
for analysis of mycotoxins in food.
Determination of multiple mycotoxins in maize using quechers sample preparation and LC-MS/MS detection
Authors: Vukovic Gorica , Kos Jovana , Bursic Vojislava , Colovic Radmilo , Vukmirovic Djuro , Jajic Igor , Krstovic Sasa
Published: January 2018

A reliable and easy method has been used for the multiple mycotoxins
determination of AFs, DON, ZEA and FBs in maize samples. Liquid
chromatography cou?pled mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used. Mycotoxins
have been extracted from maize using a QuEChERS-based extraction procedure.
All validation parameters were in accordance with Reg. (EC) No 401/2006.
The analyses of eight maize seed samples showed the AFs, DON, ZEA and FBs
contamination with the values below the state limit standards.
A influência de Bertrand Russell no posicionamento político-ideológico da obra de Ubiratan D’Ambrosio
Authors: Valle Júlio César Augusto
Published: January 2018

O propósito deste texto consiste em delinear o modo como o pensamento de Bertrand Russell e mesmo suas posturas diante de momentos significativos de sua vida influenciaram a obra de Ubiratan D’Ambrosio, impactando sua trajetória acadêmica, além de sua produção teórica. Neste sentido, trata-se, inclusive, de um exame dos possíveis fundamentos filosóficos da Etnomatemática que tem, em decorrência desta influência, elementos estruturantes associados às compreensões filosóficas russellianas como, por exemplo, o modo como ambos entendem a educação, a ciência, as avaliações e o ensino de matemática.
Perfis profissionais de professores baianos que ensinam matemática nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Silva Américo Junior Nunes da , Barros Herminia Kelly , Souza Ilvanete dos Santos
Published: January 2018

Este artigo objetiva descrever e identificar os perfis dos professores que ensinam Matemática em um município baiano. A rede municipal de ensino, quando da realização da pesquisa em 2015, tinha um quadro de 54 professores lecionando às disciplinas de Matemática. Desse total, 33 aceitaram participar da investigação e responder ao questionário proposto. As respostas foram categorizadas e analisadas pelo método de Análise de Conteúdo, respaldando-se, sobretudo, em Bardin (2007). Ao final da pesquisa, tendo em vista os conteúdos produzidos pelas falas dos sujeitos, foi identificado que existem três perfis de professores no município, são eles: Prático-artesanal, reflexivos e investidos. Reconhecemos a necessidade, para pesquisas futuras, que a prática desses profissionais seja investigada.
INCLUSIVE GROWTH AND THE FREEDOM OF THE POOR
Authors: Amone William
Published: January 2018

This article provides a discussion of economic growth and development, including new perceptions that have arisen. It covers the trending issues of inclusive growth, global poverty and the miraculous economic growth of the East Asian economies. The article identifies the major determinants of economic growth and the key objectives of economic development. It also acknowledges the fact that inclusive and sustainable economic growth is crucial for long-term poverty reduction, and that for growth to be effective in reducing poverty it must be broad-based, targeting the poor or those formerly bypassed by development. Although most regions of the world are achieving rapid economic growth, poverty, unemployment and food shortages seem to be persisting. Inequality and social exclusion are even rising in many countries. Women remain most affected globally in all forms of afflictions. Despite the global advocacy for inclusive growth by the World Bank, IMF, WTO , WHO and OECD, many developing countries are yet to appreciate the concept and to achieve holistic sustainable growth that benefits all people. Asia seems to have witnessed more stable and inclusive growth than other developing regions in the past four decades.
SHONA FOLKTALES AS CHILDRENâ€™S LITERATURE: THE CASE OF A.C. HODZAâ€™S NGANO DZECHINYAKARE (1980)
Authors: Khan Khatija Bibi
Published: January 2018

Some scholars of the genre of the folktale have argued that since time immemorial, folktales have been childrenâ€™s literature created by adults for childrenâ€™s pleasure. The main attraction in so describing African folktale as childrenâ€™s literature was that this form afforded children entertainment as they listened to the stories narrated mostly by the adults, and some sometimes by the children, to other children. Other scholars agreed that folktale are stories of what can happen, but did not actually happen, also worked as a conduit for socialising African children into the cultural values of their society, which values were invariably created by the older generation. Both views are to some extent correct. However, in reducing the impact of folktales on children to entertainment and social conformity, a myth was also promoted that fails to appreciate that children listening to stories can decode certain meanings from the folktales. The aim of this article is to highlight the significance of folktales as sources of aesthetic pleasure for children and also as imaginative sources that aid socialisation of children to the communityâ€™s mores. But the article complicates this instrumentalist approach of the role of folktales, whose meanings go beyond descriptions of them as an artistic force-field that merely secure the purchase of domesticating children for adult interests. Children are not passive listeners of stories, and as such can construct alternative worlds that provide useful critiques to society through its folktales.
SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD THROUGH SKILL DEVELOPMENT AMONG RURAL YOUTH: ROLE OF MICRO-FINANCE IN THE DEVELOPMENTAL PARADIGM
Authors: Singh Vikram
Published: January 2018

This Â article Â attempts toÂ  analyse Â the Â process Â ofÂ  sustainable Â livelihood Â through skill development and its conceptual and theoretical understanding in India with reference to rural youth. In India skill development is demanded for economic growth and inclusive development; hence the rural population cannot be overlooked. Employable skills alone have not been able to generate sufficient employment among rural youth or address/promote well-being and sustainable livelihood. Various frameworks associated with skill development leave scope for reforms to strengthen the implementation of various policy shifts in respect of rural development and government/non-government organisations. The process of skill development for rural youth through the establishment of institutions, launch of policy/programmes and their linkages with micro-finance are considered, as the distinctive nature and features of micro-finance in relation to the forces of societal structure, social relationships, and social interactions leading towards collective interests and norms that shape the lives of rural youth. Lastly, analysis is done and conclusions drawn on the basis of discussion.
TRADITIONAL HEALERS, THEIR SERVICES AND THE AMBIVALENCE OF SOUTH AFRICAN YOUTH
Authors: Nyundu Tony , Naidoo Kammila
Published: January 2018

In the aftermath of the Marikana massacre in 2012, a number of observers raised questions about young menâ€™s traditional beliefs. Did young miners apply muthi on their bodies believing that they would be invincible in the face of police bullets? How do young men generally, in the course of wrestling everyday challenges, draw on â€˜traditionalâ€™ and â€˜modernâ€™ medicine? The findings in the literature seem to be contradictory and mediated by age differentials, educational levels, and place of residence. In this article, both qualitative and quantitative evidence is drawn upon to offer insight into the views of young men in a particular site: Chiawelo, in Soweto. The study suggests that while young men do not hold a special place for traditional healers in their lives, their insecure life circumstances and the dynamics of the groups to which they affiliate, lead them when necessary to consult traditional healers for immediate or out-of-the-ordinary help, particularly if trusted institutions do not provide satisfactory assistance. The study links and uses the theoretical constructs, â€˜socialisationâ€™, â€˜habitusâ€™ and â€˜anomieâ€™.
CURRICULUM RENEWAL AS A TRANSFORMATIONAL PROJECT AT THE DURBAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY: WHAT DO THE EXISTING DATA SAY?
Authors: Parker Kudayja Mahommed
Published: January 2018

As one of the cornerstones of transformation at the Durban University of Technology (DUT), the curriculum renewal project (CRP) identifies desired graduate attributes that serve to inform the revitalising of the universityâ€™s academic programmes. A critical component of the renewal process is the introduction of General Education (GE) modules that are designed to address the deficiencies of poor schooling, enshrine the values of the university and complement programme content so that DUT graduates leave the university with the life skills and attributes needed to function successfully in society. As such, GE aims to provide a holistic education that goes beyond discipline- specific knowledge. One of the premises of the CRP therefore is that some DUT graduates leave university without achieving those â€˜graduate attributesâ€™ to the extent desirable. But how has DUT fared in terms of developing the desired graduate attributes in so far as students are concerned? This study uses the 2010 South African Survey on Student Engagement (SASSE) to examine student perceptions of their growth in career-related and general life skills, prior to the formal implementation of the CRP. As such, it could serve as a benchmark for assessing the efficacy of GE, subsequent to its formal integration into the academic programme across all faculties in the future.
THE INCLUSION OF UBUNTU IN POST-APARTHEID SCHOOLING â€“ MANDELAâ€™S TAKE
Authors: Grootboom Nomalanga P
Published: January 2018

This study explored the inclusion of Ubuntu in post-apartheid South African schooling â€“ with a specific focus on Mandelaâ€™s take. The objective was to study possible benefits for the learners and the extent to which Ubuntu could affect desegregated schools in South Africa. The current discourse is born out of the findings of a major study on cross-racial interactions in desegregated schools, as found at one school in Gauteng, a province of South Africa. A qualitative approach study was conducted to obtain a purposive sample where learners were conveniently selected from grade 11 (both black and white learners). The Critical Race Theory (CRT) that was framed within the narrative design was undertaken to ascertain the extent to which integration processes have been implemented in former white schools in South Africa. The nature of this study fits well with CRT, as it helps to interrogate how marginalised black learners are now trying to co-exist in an environment that government purports to be integrated. Results show that although the country purports that schools are integrated, in essence the contrary is found in the schools. There is, in reality, continued polarisation and sheer segregation in the schools. Plans to revisit more than six sampled schools are afoot.
BREAKING GENDER STEREOTYPES: WOMEN AND WORK IN THE FILM THE NO. 1 LADIESâ€™ DETECTIVE AGENCY
Authors: Mushore Washington
Published: January 2018

The aim of this article is to show that women are physically capable of performing (and free to perform) any task or work and pursue any career path in life. Guided by Amazon Feminist film theory, the article rejects the notion that work should be gendered. The argument made here is that if women are to be truly liberated, they must be at the centre of their own emancipation. They should be able to decide and pursue their dreams or career paths in life, without fear, without allowing men to decide for them what work they ought to do. In respect of world views, male frames usually exploit women by assigning subordinate roles or jobs to them. Furthermore, they discriminate against women based on the assumption or stereotype that they are passive, weak and physically helpless. To demonstrate the role films play in liberating or providing alternative images of women, The No. 1 Ladiesâ€™ Detective Agency (2008), directed by Anthony Minghella, is used as an example.
AFRICAN LITERATURE AND INDIGENOUS RELIGION: A STUDY OF WOLE SOYINKA’S DEATH AND THE KING’S HORSEMAN AND D.O. FAGUNWA’S ADIITU OLODUMARE
Authors: Abodunrin Femi
Published: January 2018

Religious bigotry pervades our world today. As the 21st century oscillates between what Ramin Jahanbegloo (2015) has described as the politicisation of religion and its accompanying ideologisation, this study examines the vast array of literary creativity and indigenous religion/knowledge from an ecocritical viewpoint. By indigenous, it is meant those systems of knowledge and production of knowledge that are sometimes perceived as antithetical to the Western empirical systems. Encapsulated in myths and mythical wisdom, these indigenous values have at the centre of their philosophical presuppositions a symbiotic strategy that seeks to integrate man with nature. The study examines Wole Soyinka’s Death and the King’s Horseman and D.O. Fagunwa’s Adiitu Olodumare [The Mysteries of God, Olu Obafemi (trans)], in particular, and the indigenous religious/knowledge system that they reiterate, in general, as distinct from the Western monotheistic system in ontological and metaphysical terms. Also, largely because the metaphysical presupposition of Yoruba religion is essentially performance poetry in motion, a carnivalesque perspective is employed to account for the folkloric and other elements of carnival often described as "the feast of time, the feast of becoming, change and renewal".
WHEN INDEMNITY BECOMES DISDAINFUL: REVENGE AS METAPHOR FOR â€˜UNFINISHED BUSINESSESâ€™ IN POST-APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICAN DRAMA
Authors: Mekusi Busuyi
Published: January 2018

Revenge, as an instance of oppositionality, typifies past wrongs, evils, violations and disregard for human dignity which have been imputed and for which the offender must be reprimanded. The foregoing sequence is remindful of the dastardly apartheid dispensation in South Africa, which is a strong metaphor for strife and â€˜rupturedâ€™ human interactions. While the transition of South Africa to constitutionality was substantially heralded by the negotiating preponderances of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), a number of people have adjudged the TRC to be a mere attempt to draw a curtain on the past - in sharp contrast to the spirit and letter of the commission. By so doing, there is a popular opinion that there are still some â€˜unfinished businessâ€™ that ironically link the present with the past. Therefore, it is considered a â€˜mustâ€™ that these â€˜silencesâ€™ be addressed in order for the present and future of South Africa not to be intractably burdened by the past. Bhekizizwe Petersonâ€™s and Ramadan Sulemanâ€™s Zulu Love Letter (both film and scripted play) has joined this discourse by artistically amplifying the need for an engagement with these â€˜deafening silencesâ€™. It is in the light of the aforementioned that this article investigates the process of wrong and attempts by the hegemony to expiate such wrongs, in the context of impervious agents, who disregard the processes for peaceful engagements, but rather scorn and threaten victims of their vicious actions for daring to seek justice. The article sees such a repudiation of oneâ€™s evil act and the conciliatory stance of the government as capable of breeding revenge. However, the article concludes that when medicated, using certain cultural and religious beliefs, the bleeding heart that is prone to seeking revenge or retaliation (vengeance) might also be a carrier of forgiveness and collectivism.
AIME CÃ‰SAIRE, WRITING THE (NON) HUMAN AND THE ONTOLOGICO-EXISTENTIAL SCANDAL
Authors: Sithole Tendayi
Published: January 2018

AimÃ© CÃ©saire scandalised the question of the human subject by exposing the deceit and hypocrisy of the idea of Europe and its myth of civilisation. The question of the human is foundational and constitutive in CÃ©saireâ€™s subjectivity, which originates from the site of the dehumanised and also railing against all forms of dehumanisation that plagued the colonised subject. The human is interrogated here in the light of the distance and proximity to the non-human. It is from the positionality of being non-human that CÃ©saire opposes faux humanism, which presents a scandal and it having a tendency of preaching humanism while engaging in dehumanisation. In order for there to be the insurrection of the colonised subject to become human, CÃ©saireâ€™s conception of â€˜the returnâ€™ is re-engaged from the standpoint of Negritude as decolonial humanism and reconceptualising it in its complexity. This then serves as the launching pad to imagine the possibility of the emergence of another humanity coming into being through the end of the modern colonial world â€“ the decolonised world.
ORAL LITERATURE AS CARRIER OF EDUCATION AND AESTHETICS: EXAMPLES FROM DIOPâ€™S TALES OF AMADOU KOUMBA AND KNAPPERTâ€™S MYTHS AND LEGENDS OF THE CONGO
Authors: Mapindani Aleck
Published: January 2018

Oral literature has for African societies become the bank of knowledge that emerges from the historical past to present generations. In a sense, it has become instrumental in transmitting societyâ€™s moral codes, beliefs and customs as well as its views on aesthetic phenomena. Thus, a remarkable array of animal characters, proverbs, songs and visual images play a pivotal role by indirectly attacking the nasty practices of society, and at the same time luring the current generation into extracting a wealth of wisdom that lies embedded in the values of its beautiful past. In this paper, a critical survey of Diopâ€™s Tales of Amadou Koumba and Knappertâ€™s Myths and Legends of the Congo shows how oral literature, through descriptions of either punishment for societal misbehavers or rewards for those who behave well, is instrumental in bringing to light not only the evil practices of society but also the accepted codes of communal behaviour.
AFRICA'S NATURAL HERITAGE AND ECOLOGICAL VISION IN THE WORK OF BART WOLFFE
Authors: Mthatiwa Syned
Published: January 2018

In this paper I use postcolonial ecocriticism to show that, although Bart Wolffe laments enÂ­vironmental injustice in his writing, he embraces a contradictory ecological vision and fails to expose and tackle the entangled nature of oppression. Wolffe says almost nothing about injustices amongst humans in the postcolonial context within which his work was written. He fails to acknowledge that injustices amongst humans lead to injustice against nature. He also depicts an imperialist outlook that either sees Africa as a blank space ready for occupation or sees Africans as a blemish on apristine and unspoiled landscape untouched by westernisation and industrialisation.