bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defensorías públicas y los desafíos del acceso a la justicia penal en Brasil
Authors: Zackseski Cristina Maria , Amaral Machado Bruno , Carvalho Amaral Alberto
Published: June 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es, después de describir las principales atribuciones de la Defensoría Pública en el sistema de justicia penal, identificar los cambios ocurridos a partir de la Reforma Constitucional n. 80/2014 a favor de los imputados, víctimas y comunidades en situación de vulnerabilidad, para luego presentar y discutir algunos de los desafíos de los defensores públicos en el acceso a la justicia penal en Brasil. Guiada por un lente criminológico crítico, contextualizado a la luz de interpretaciones locales (Realismo Marginal/ funcionalismo reduccionista), la investigación se desarrolla a partir del siguiente interrogante: ¿cuál es el papel y la relevancia de la defensoría pública en el acceso a la justicia penal, particularmente su marco institucional y las condiciones concretas que aseguran el desempeño de sus funciones de garantía de los derechos fundamentales? La investigación utiliza una metodología cualitativa basada en el análisis documental de leyes, datos oficiales disponibles y resultados de investigaciones previas sobre la institución en cuestión, producidos en el campo penal/criminológico.
Prisiones cautelares y reforma del sistema procesal penal
Authors: Almeida Alcantara Naiara Sandi de , Canal Gabriela Catarina
Published: June 2023

El tratamiento legislativo dado a las detenciones preventivas en el sistema procesal brasileño ha sido objeto de constantes críticas doctrinales, basadas en la premisa de que el procedimiento penal es principalmente inquisitivo y, por lo tanto, incompatible con el orden constitucional vigente. Considerando los cambios introducidos en la materia por la Ley Nº 13.964/19 (Paquete Antidelincuencia), así como por el Proyecto de Ley Nº 8. 045/10, que tiene como objetivo promulgar un nuevo Código de Procedimiento Penal, se seleccionaron y analizaron tres temas de interés en relación con la crítica doctrinal de la disciplina de la prisión preventiva: la oficiante y el protagonismo judicial como manifestación de la naturaleza inquisitorial del procedimiento penal, la falta de un plazo máximo durante la duración de la prisión preventiva para evaluar en qué medida la futura reforma del sistema procesal penal brasileño será efectiva. para resolver estos problemas, y específicamente, si las nuevas normas sobre prisión preventiva son compatibles con la intención establecida en el artículo 4 del nuevo Código de Procedimiento Penal. 4 del nuevo Código de Procedimiento Penal (CPP) - la adopción de un modelo acusatorio de procedimiento penal. Se llegó a la conclusión de que, a pesar de algunos avances importantes, el proyecto de un nuevo código de procedimiento penal no era capaz de resolver todos los problemas existentes en el sistema de detención preventiva, especialmente porque no logró eliminar la dicotomía creada entre los "sistemas" acusatorio e inquisitorial.
La cárcel letal: homicidios consumados en cárceles uruguayas entre 2017 y 2020
Authors: Pellegrino Ceppi Lucía
Published: June 2023

El trabajo indaga sobre las características de los homicidios consumados en cárceles uruguayas en el período 2017-2020. Para lograrlo se analizaron los registros policiales de las 75 víctimas identificadas en todo el territorio nacional. Se adoptó una perspectiva crítica con énfasis en las expresiones latinoamericanas del sistema penal, considerando las violencias, el sufrimiento y el daño social experimentados en la cárcel real, así como también la apreciación de la responsabilidad estatal basada en la versión legal de la cárcel. El análisis de la narrativa de los registros fue complementado con el uso de fuentes secundarias involucradas en el ámbito penitenciario, de modo de poder caracterizar, dimensionar e interpretar el fenómeno adecuadamente. La pesquisa permite sostener que la violencia letal se encuentra enquistada en determinadas unidades del sistema carcelario, revelando importantes problemas de convivencia que afectan principalmente a varones jóvenes. Adicionalmente se presenta un registro oficial deficiente sobre lo que sucede, lo que dificulta las investigaciones al respecto. La cárcel letal revela la versión extrema de los padecimientos, los deterioros y las agresiones que atentan cotidianamente contra los derechos humanos de las personas privadas de libertad, las cuales se encuentran bajo la custodia y responsabilidad de los Estados. Esta investigación puede ser tenida en cuenta para el estudio de los homicidios consumados en contextos de encierro total, especialmente en América Latina.
Reseña
Authors: Torralba Sánchez Marta
Published: June 2023

Reseña

Juan García-Gutiérrez y Marta Ruiz-Corbella (eds.) (2022). Aprendizaje servicio virtual. Marco teórico y propuestas de acción innovadoras. Narcea
Tunable fiber source of entangled UV-C and infrared photons
Authors: Lopez-Huidobro Santiago , Noureddin Mohammad , Chekhova Maria V. , Joly Nicolas Y.
Published: June 2023

Pairs of entangled photons—biphotons—are indispensable in quantum applications. However, some important spectral ranges, like the ultraviolet, have been inaccessible to them so far. Here, we use four-wave mixing in a xenon-filled single-ring photonic crystal fiber to generate biphotons with one of the photons in the ultraviolet and its entangled partner in the infrared spectral range. We tune the biphotons in frequency by varying the gas pressure inside the fiber and thus tailoring the fiber dispersion landscape. The ultraviolet photons are tunable from 271 nm to 231 nm and their entangled partners, from 764 nm to 1500 nm, respectively. Tunability up to 192 THz is achieved by adjusting the gas pressure by only 0.68 bar. At 1.43 bar, the photons of a pair are separated by more than 2 octaves. The access to ultraviolet wavelengths opens the possibility for spectroscopy and sensing with undetected photons in this spectral range.
Securing 2D information carriers over dynamic and turbulent media in a free-space optical channel
Authors: Cao Yonggui , Xiao Yin , Chen Wen
Published: June 2023

In this Letter, a new, to the best of our knowledge, scheme is proposed to realize high-fidelity secured free-space optical information transmission through dynamic and turbulent media by encoding 2D information carriers. The data are transformed into a series of 2D patterns as information carriers. A novel differential method is developed to suppress noise, and a series of random keys are also generated. A different number of absorptive filters are arbitrarily combined to be placed in the optical channel to generate ciphertext with high randomness. It is experimentally demonstrated that the plaintext can be retrieved only when correct security keys are applied. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible and effective. The proposed method provides an avenue for securing high-fidelity optical information transmission over dynamic and turbulent media in a free-space optical channel.
PDTANet: a context-guided and attention-aware deep learning method for tumor segmentation of guinea pig colorectal OCT images
Authors: Lyu Jing , Ren Lin , Liu Qinying , Wang Yan , Zhou Zhenqiao , Chen Yueyan , Jia Hongbo , Tang Yuguo , Li Min
Published: June 2023

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology has significant potential value in the application of early gastrointestinal tumor screening and intraoperative guidance. In the application of diagnosing gastrointestinal diseases, a key step of OCT image intelligent analysis system is to segment the tissues and layers accurately. In this paper, we propose a new encoder-decoder network named PDTANet, which contains a global context-guided PDFF module and a lightweight attention-aware triplet attention (TA) mechanism. Moreover, during the model training stage, we adopt a region-aware and boundary-aware hybrid loss function to learn and update model parameters. The proposed PDTANet model has been applied for automatic tumor segmentation of guinea pig colorectal OCT images. The experimental results show that our proposed PDTANet model has the ability to focus on and connect global context and important feature information for OCT images. Compared with the prediction results of the model trained by the traditional Unet model and Dice loss function, the PDTANet model and a combination of dice and boundary related loss function proposed as the hybrid loss function proposed in this paper have significantly improved the accuracy of the segmentation of tissue boundaries, especially the surface Dice metric, which is improved by about 3%.
Extrapolated speckle-correlation imaging with untrained deep neural network
Authors: Mashiko Ryosuke , Tanida Jun , Naruse Makoto , Horisaki Ryoichi
Published: June 2023

We present a method for speckle-correlation imaging with an extended field of view to observe non-sparse objects. In speckle-correlation imaging, an object is recovered from a non-invasively captured image through a scattering medium by assuming shift-invariance of the optical process called the memory effect. The field of view of speckle-correlation imaging is limited by the size of the memory effect, and it can be extended by extrapolating the speckle correlation in the reconstruction process. However, sparse objects are assumed in the inversion process because of its severe ill-posedness. To address this issue, we introduce a deep image prior, which regularizes the image statistics by using the structure of an untrained convolutional neural network, to speckle-correlation imaging. We experimentally demonstrated the proposed method and showed the possibility of extending the method to imaging through scattering media.
Distinct neural encoding of glimpsed and masked speech in multitalker situations
Authors: Raghavan Vinay S , O’Sullivan James , Bickel Stephan , Mehta Ashesh D. , Mesgarani Nima
Published: June 2023

Humans can easily tune in to one talker in a multitalker environment while still picking up bits of background speech; however, it remains unclear how we perceive speech that is masked and to what degree non-target speech is processed. Some models suggest that perception can be achieved through glimpses, which are spectrotemporal regions where a talker has more energy than the background. Other models, however, require the recovery of the masked regions. To clarify this issue, we directly recorded from primary and non-primary auditory cortex (AC) in neurosurgical patients as they attended to one talker in multitalker speech and trained temporal response function models to predict high-gamma neural activity from glimpsed and masked stimulus features. We found that glimpsed speech is encoded at the level of phonetic features for target and non-target talkers, with enhanced encoding of target speech in non-primary AC. In contrast, encoding of masked phonetic features was found only for the target, with a greater response latency and distinct anatomical organization compared to glimpsed phonetic features. These findings suggest separate mechanisms for encoding glimpsed and masked speech and provide neural evidence for the glimpsing model of speech perception.
Alexithymia modulates the attitudes towards odors but not the olfactory abilities or the affective reactions to odors
Authors: Cecchetto Cinzia , Dal Bò Elisa , Aiello Marilena , Fischmeister Florian Ph. S. , Gentili Claudio , Osimo Sofia Adelaide
Published: June 2023

Although emotion and olfaction are closely linked, only a few studies have investigated olfactory processing in alexithymia, a condition characterized by altered emotional processing. These results do not allow comprehensive conclusions on whether individuals with alexithymia present lower olfactory abilities or only altered affective reactions and awareness of odors. Three pre-registered experiments were conducted to clarify this relation. We assessed olfactory functions, the affective qualities of odors, the awareness of odors, the attitudes towards them, and the ability to form olfactory images in the mind. Bayesian statistics were used to assess differences between low, medium and high alexithymia groups, and Linear Mixed Models (LMMs) were applied to investigate the modulation of the affective and cognitive components of alexithymia. We observed that individuals with a high level of alexithymia presented the same olfactory abilities, and did not show differences in their rating of odors compared to individuals with low alexithymia levels, while they reported lower levels of social and common odor awareness and a more indifferent attitude towards odors. Olfactory imagery was not affected by alexithymia level, and the affective and cognitive components of alexithymia, when considered separately, modulated olfactory perception differently. Learning more about olfactory perception in individuals with alexithymia leads to a better understanding of how alexithymia impacts the perception of hedonic stimuli coming from different sensory modalities. Our results imply that treatment goals for alexithymia should be the enhancement of the conscious perception of odors, supporting the use of mindfulness-based protocols in the alexithymia treatment.
Milan’s forgotten epidemic of summer 1629, a few months before the last great plague: An investigation into the possible cause
Authors: Galli Massimo , Oreni Letizia , Ridolfo Anna Lisa , Formenti Angelo , Luconi Ester , Boracchi Patrizia , Antinori Spinello , Biganzoli Elia , Vaglienti Folco
Published: June 2023

An epidemic not attributable to plague caused thousands of deaths in Milan in the summer of 1629, a time of war and famine that immediately preceded the even more fatal Great Plague of 1630 that killed an estimated ten of thousands of people. The 5,993 deaths of 1629 recorded in the Liber Mortuorum of Milan (a city with an estimated population of 130,000 inhabitants at the time) were 45.7% more than the average number recorded between 1601 and 1628. Registered deaths peaked in July, and 3,363 of the deaths (56,1%) were attributed to a febrile illness which, in most cases (2,964, 88%), was not associated with a rash or organ involvement. These deaths involved 1,627 males and 1,334 females and occurred at a median age of 40 years (range 0–95). In this paper, we discuss the possible cause of the epidemic, which may have been an outbreak of typhoid fever.
Early postpartum HbA1c after hyperglycemia first detected in pregnancy—Imperfect but not without value
Authors: Coetzee Ankia , Hall David R. , van de Vyver Mari , Conradie Magda
Published: June 2023

Background

South African women of childbearing age are disproportionally affected by obesity and at significant risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Unless pregnant, they do not readily undergo screening for T2DM. With a local focus on improved antenatal care, hyperglycemia is often first detected in pregnancy (HFDP). This may erroneously be attributed to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in all without considering T2DM. Glucose evaluation following pregnancy is essential for early detection and management of women with T2DM in whom persistent hyperglycemia is to be expected. Conventional testing with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is cumbersome, prompting investigation for alternate solutions.

Aim

To compare the diagnostic performance of HbA1c to the current gold standard OGTT in women with HFDP 4–12 weeks post-delivery.

Methods

Glucose homeostasis was assessed with OGTT and HbA1c in 167 women with HFDP, 4–12 weeks after delivery. Glucose status was based on American Diabetes Association criteria.

Results

Glucose homeostasis was assessed at 10 weeks (IQR 7–12) after delivery. Of the 167 participants, 52 (31%) had hyperglycemia, which was comprised of 34 (20%) prediabetes and 18 (11%) T2DM. Twelve women in the prediabetes subgroup had diagnostic fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG), but in two-thirds of the patients (22/34) only one time point proved diagnostic. The FPGs and the 2hPGs of six women with HbA1c-based T2DM were both within the prediabetes diagnostic range. According to the HbA1c measurements, 85% of 52 participants with gold standard OGTT defined hyperglycemia (prediabetes and T2DM) as well as 15 of 18 women with postpartum persistent T2DM were correctly classified. According to FPG, 15 women with persistent hyperglycemia would have been missed (11 with prediabetes and four with T2DM; 29%). When compared to an OGTT, a single HbA1c of 6.5% (48mmol/mol) postpartum demonstrated a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 97% for the identification of T2DM.

Conclusion

HbA1c may improve access to postpartum testing in overburdened clinical settings where the required standards of OGTT cannot be guaranteed. HbA1c is a valuable test to detect women who will benefit most from early intervention but cannot unequivocally replace OGTT.
A time slice analysis of dentistry students’ visual search strategies and pupil dilation during diagnosing radiographs
Authors: Borchers Conrad , Eder Thérése F. , Richter Juliane , Keutel Constanze , Huettig Fabian , Scheiter Katharina
Published: June 2023

Diagnosing orthopantomograms (OPTs: panoramic radiographs) is an essential skill dentistry students acquire during university training. While prior research described experts’ visual search behavior in radiology as global-to-focal for chest radiographs and mammography, generalizability to a hybrid search task in OPTs (i.e., searching for multiple, diverse anomalies) remains unclear. Addressing this gap, this study investigated visual search of N = 107 dentistry students while they were diagnosing anomalies in OPTs. Following a global-to-focal expert model, we hypothesized that students would use many, short fixations representing global search in earlier stages, and few, long fixations representing focal search in later stages. Furthermore, pupil dilation and mean fixation duration served as cognitive load measures. We hypothesized that later stages would be characterized by elaboration and a reflective search strategy, leading to higher cognitive load being associated with higher diagnostic performance in late compared to earlier stages. In line with the first hypothesis, students’ visual search comprised of a three-stage process that grew increasingly focal in terms of the number of fixations and anomalies fixated. Contrary to the second hypothesis, mean fixation duration during anomaly fixations was positively associated with diagnostic performance across all stages. As OPTs greatly varied in how difficult it was to identify the anomalies contained therein, OPTs with above-average difficulty were sampled for exploratory analysis. Pupil dilation predicted diagnostic performance for difficult OPTs, possibly capturing elaborative cognitive processes and cognitive load compared to mean fixation duration. A visual analysis of fine-grained time slices indicated large cognitive load differences towards the end of trials, showcasing a richness-resolution-trade-off in data sampling crucial for future studies using time-slicing of eye tracking data.
On the forms, contributions and impacts of community mobilisation involved with Kerala’s COVID-19 response: Perspectives of health staff, Local Self Government institution and community leaders
Authors: Benny Gloria , D. Hari Sankar , Joseph Jaison , Surendran Surya , Nambiar Devaki
Published: June 2023

Background

Kerala, a south Indian state, has a long and strong history of mobilisation of people’s participation with institutionalised mechanisms as part of decentralisation reforms introduced three decades ago. This history formed the backdrop of the state’s COVID-19 response from 2020 onwards. As part of a larger health equity study, we carried out an analysis to understand the contributions of people’s participation to the state’s COVID-19 response, and what implications this may have for health reform as well as governance more broadly.

Methods

We employed in-depth interviews with participants from four districts of Kerala between July and October, 2021. Following written informed consent procedures, we carried out interviews of health staff from eight primary health care centres, elected Local Self Government (LSG, orPanchayat)representatives, and community leaders. Questions explored primary health care reforms, COVID responses, and populations left behind. Transliterated English transcripts were analysed by four research team members using a thematic analysis approach and ATLAS.ti 9 software. For this paper, we specifically analysed codes and themes related to experiences of community actors and processes for COVID mitigation activities.

Results

A key feature of the COVID-19 response was the formation of Rapid Response Teams (RRTs), groups of lay community volunteers, who were identified and convened by LSG leaders. In some cases, pre-pandemic ‘Arogya sena’ (health army) community volunteer groups were merged with RRTs. RRT members were trained and supported by the health departments at the local level to distribute medicine and essential items, provided support for transportation to health facilities, and assisted with funerary rites during lockdown and containment period. RRTs often comprised youth cadres of ruling and opposition political parties. Existing community networks like Kudumbashree (Self Help Groups) and field workers from other departments have supported and been supported by RRTs. As pandemic restrictions eased, however, there was concern about the sustainability of this arrangement as well.

Conclusion

Participatory local governance in Kerala allowed for the creation of invited spaces for community participation in a variety of roles as part of the COVID 19 response, with manifest impact. However, the terms of engagement were not decided by communities, nor were they involved more deeply in planning and organising health policy or services. The sustainability and governance features of such involvement warrant further study.
Engaging learners with games–Insights from functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: De Nicolò Melina , Kanatschnig Thomas , Hons Manuel , Wood Guilherme , Kiili Kristian , Moeller Korbinian , Greipl Simon , Ninaus Manuel , Kober Silvia Erika
Published: June 2023

The use of game elements in learning tasks is thought to facilitate emotional and behavioral responses as well as learner engagement. So far, however, little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms of game-based learning. In the current study, we added game elements to a number line estimation task assessing fraction understanding and compared brain activation patterns to a non-game-based task version. Forty-one participants performed both task versions in counterbalanced order while frontal brain activation patterns were assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy (within-subject, cross-sectional study design). Additionally, heart rate, subjective user experience, and task performance were recorded. Task performance, mood, flow experience, as well as heart rate did not differ between task versions. However, the game-based task-version was rated as more attractive, stimulating and novel compared to the non-game-based task version. Additionally, completing the game-based task version was associated with stronger activation in frontal brain areas generally involved in emotional and reward processing as well as attentional processes. These results provide new neurofunctional evidence substantiating that game elements in learning tasks seem to facilitate learning through emotional and cognitive engagement.
A comparison of the attractiveness of flowering plant blossoms versus attractive targeted sugar baits (ATSBs) in western Kenya
Authors: Yalla Nick , Polo Brian , McDermott Daniel P. , Kosgei Jackline , Omondi Seline , Agumba Silas , Moshi Vincent , Abong’o Bernard , Gimnig John E. , Harris Angela F. , Entwistle Julian , Long Peter R. , Ochomo Eric
Published: June 2023

Attractive Targeted Sugar Baits (ATSB) have been demonstrated to result in significant reductions in malaria vector numbers in areas of scarce vegetation cover such as in Mali and Israel, but it is not clear whether such an effect can be replicated in environments where mosquitoes have a wide range of options for sugar resources. The current study evaluated the attractiveness of the predominant flowering plants of Asembo Siaya County, western Kenya in comparison to an ATSB developed by Westham Co. Sixteen of the most common flowering plants in the study area were selected and evaluated for relative attractiveness to malaria vectors in semi-field structures. Six of the most attractive flowers were compared to determine the most attractive to local Anopheles mosquitoes. The most attractive plant was then compared to different versions of ATSB. In total, 56,600 Anopheles mosquitoes were released in the semi-field structures. From these, 5150 mosquitoes (2621 males and 2529 females) of An. arabiensis, An. funestus and An. gambiae were recaptured on the attractancy traps. Mangifera indica was the most attractive sugar source for all three species while Hyptis suaveolens and Tephrosia vogelii were the least attractive plants to the mosquitoes. Overall, ATSB version 1.2 was significantly more attractive compared to both ATSB version 1.1 and Mangifera indica. Mosquitoes were differentially attracted to various natural plants in western Kenya and ATSB. The observation that ATSB v1.2 was more attractive to local Anopheles mosquitoes than the most attractive natural sugar source indicates that this product may be able to compete with natural sugar sources in western Kenya and suggests this product may have the potential to impact mosquito populations in the field.
Construction of a de novo assembly pipeline using multiple transcriptome data sets from Cypripedium macranthos (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Kambara Kota , Fujino Kaien , Shimura Hanako
Published: June 2023

The family Orchidaceae comprises the most species of any monocotyledonous family and has interesting characteristics such as seed germination induced by mycorrhizal fungi and flower morphology that co-adapted with pollinators. In orchid species, genomes have been decoded for only a few horticultural species, and there is little genetic information available. Generally, for species lacking sequenced genomes, gene sequences are predicted by de novo assembly of transcriptome data. Here, we devised a de novo assembly pipeline for transcriptome data from the wild orchid Cypripedium (lady slipper orchid) in Japan by mixing multiple data sets and integrating assemblies to create a more complete and less redundant contig set. Among the assemblies generated by combining various assemblers, Trinity and IDBA-Tran yielded good assembly with higher mapping rates and percentages of BLAST hit contigs and complete BUSCO. Using this contig set as a reference, we analyzed differential gene expression between protocorms grown aseptically or with mycorrhizal fungi to detect gene expressions required for mycorrhizal interaction. A pipeline proposed in this study can construct a highly reliable contig set with little redundancy even when multiple transcriptome data are mixed, and can provide a reference that is adaptable to DEG analysis and other downstream analysis in RNA-seq.
Adaptation of health systems to climate change-related infectious disease outbreaks in the ASEAN: Protocol for a scoping review of national and regional policies
Authors: Miranda Adriana Viola , Lestari Bony Wiem , Indrarini Annisa , Arsy Fadilah F. , Sagala Saut , Bisri Mizan Bustanul Fuadi , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo
Published: June 2023

Background

The Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states (AMS) are among the countries most at risk to the impacts of climate change on health and outbreaks being a major hotspot of emerging infectious diseases.

Objective

To map the current policies and programs on the climate change adaptation in the ASEAN health systems, with particular focus on policies related to infectious diseases control.

Methods

This is a scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. Literature search will be conducted on the ASEAN Secretariat website, government websites, Google, and six research databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Embase, World Health Organization (WHO) Institutional Repository Information Sharing (IRIS), and Google Scholar). The article screening will be based on specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Policy analysis will be conducted in accordance with the WHO operational framework on climate-resilient health systems. Findings will be analyzed in the form of narrative report. The reporting of this scoping review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for this study as this is a scoping review protocol. Findings from this study will be disseminated through electronic channels.
TNF licenses macrophages to undergo rapid caspase-1, -11, and -8-mediated cell death that restricts Legionella pneumophila infection
Authors: Pollock Tzvi Y. , Vázquez Marrero Víctor R. , Brodsky Igor E. , Shin Sunny
Published: June 2023

The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is necessary for host defense against many intracellular pathogens, including Legionella pneumophila. Legionella causes the severe pneumonia Legionnaires’ disease and predominantly affects individuals with a suppressed immune system, including those receiving therapeutic TNF blockade to treat autoinflammatory disorders. TNF induces pro-inflammatory gene expression, cellular proliferation, and survival signals in certain contexts, but can also trigger programmed cell death in others. It remains unclear, however, which of the pleiotropic functions of TNF mediate control of intracellular bacterial pathogens like Legionella. In this study, we demonstrate that TNF signaling licenses macrophages to die rapidly in response to Legionella infection. We find that TNF-licensed cells undergo rapid gasdermin-dependent, pyroptotic death downstream of inflammasome activation. We also find that TNF signaling upregulates components of the inflammasome response, and that the caspase-11-mediated non-canonical inflammasome is the first inflammasome to be activated, with caspase-1 and caspase-8 mediating delayed pyroptotic death. We find that all three caspases are collectively required for optimal TNF-mediated restriction of bacterial replication in macrophages. Furthermore, caspase-8 is required for control of pulmonary Legionella infection. These findings reveal a TNF-dependent mechanism in macrophages for activating rapid cell death that is collectively mediated by caspases-1, -8, and -11 and subsequent restriction of Legionella infection.
Formula One on social networks: a successful strategy
Authors: Palermo Alessandra , Delaine Guillaume
Published: June 2023

This research, aims to analyze the dynamics of engagement rate of F1 through the social networks of the car teams participating in the FIA championship. Classical media are now incorporated and integrated by the production of new media: publications that invite supporters to interacting, thus recreating a virtual agora, a community federated by online exchange, around real-time multimedia productions. A communication mix that allows an international championship to be within the reach of each supporter. The research conducted aims to analyze, with a quantitative methodology, the Engagement Rate, of the 10 teams participating in the 2021 championship on Facebook and Instagram.
Ampliando los límites de la historiografía de las relaciones públicas a través de la propaganda medieval regia
Authors: Reina Estevez Jesus
Published: June 2023

En los últimos años, ha crecido el interés académico por la historiografía de la historia de las relaciones públicas. Se revisan algunas de las teorías predominantes que amplían los orígenes histórico-conceptuales de las relaciones públicas y su armonización con otras áreas de comunicación humana, como el periodismo o la propaganda. Mediante un estudio de carácter exploratorio-descriptivo, se presentan ejemplos de antecedentes de relaciones públicas dentro de la propaganda medieval regia durante el reinado de los Austrias en España, en los siglos XVI-XVII, justificados por la teoría historiográfica de las motivaciones o strategic intent/human agency de Russell & Lamme (2016).
Paralympics as a Tool for Communication for Social Change
Authors: Akambadi Jessie , Noske-Turner Jessica , Magalasi Mufunanji
Published: June 2023

The Paralympics was broadcast in Sub-Saharan Africa for the first time during the 2020 Tokyo Games. This offered a unique opportunity to approach this phenomenon from a communication for social change perspective. Specifically, in this paper we conceive of the Paralympic broadcasts as a form of Edutainment. This conceptual intervention raises a number of pertinent empirical questions. Would the Paralympics be relevant and meaningful to these audiences? How would this new audience interpret the Paralympics? What are the dialogical processes required to engage communities in processes of change?  Drawing on findings from an action research project, we explore the extent to which the Paralympics can be a useful and relevant platform for addressing disability stigma. We argue that mobile screenings of the Paralympics created a critical awareness and served to spark plans for collective action.
Brand Activism Effectiveness
Authors: Miguel Alexandra , Miranda Sandra
Published: June 2023

Although social issues have been considered by the business world for decades, these topics have never gained such preponderance as in the 21st century. Given the great pressures for brands to broaden their responsibilities towards society, brand activism emerges as a new strategy for companies to address relevant social-political issues, assuming a public stance on these topics and taking action to solve or improve them. However, not all brands are managing to participate in an era of activism, and even those that participate do not always get positive feedback from their stakeholders. The main objective of this article is to carry out a literature review of brand activism, developing a theoretical model of the effectiveness of brand activism that highlights the factors that contribute to the participation and success of brands in addressing social problems and the potential effects of these actions. This article thus contributes to a better understanding of the phenomenon of brand activism, concluding about useful insights for brands to achieve favorable results with their activism actions and discussing directions for future research in this field.
Nivel de madurez de la gestión del conocimiento para la innovación educativa en la Universidad de Colima, México
Authors: Vázquez-González Guillermo César , Jiménez-Macías Iván Ulianov , Juárez-Hernández Luis Gibran , Bracamontes-Ceballos Edith
Published: June 2023

Las universidades enfrentan un proceso reflexivo de organización para mejorar la gestión de su capital intelectual, y con ello, dar impulso a la innovación del currículo, los procesos formativos y las prácticas educativas en función de la sociedad contemporánea. El objetivo del estudio consistió en identificar el nivel de madurez de gestión del conocimiento (en adelante, GC) para la innovación educativa en la Universidad de Colima, México. Para ello se realizó un estudio mixto, de tipo exploratorio-descriptivo, en el que se recabó información mediante un cuestionario diseñado y validado, conformado por 37 ítems que abordan aspectos de estrategia organizacional, personas-organización, procesos del conocimiento, tecnologías y métodos, constituidos en las dimensiones gerencia y acción. El cuestionario se aplicó a una muestra de 250 profesores de tiempo completo y parcial, y se obtuvieron 90 respuestas. Se estimó que la madurez se concentra en los niveles definido y establecido, es decir, se cuenta con la infraestructura básica de un sistema de GC y las iniciativas están plenamente establecidas. No obstante, es necesario fortalecer prácticas y métodos relacionados con los procesos tanto de gestión, como del conocimiento para transitar al estado óptimo, mediante el impulso a la actualización de los sistemas informáticos y las redes de telecomunicaciones, así como el desarrollo de los métodos: lecciones aprendidas, buenas prácticas, narrativas, historias de éxito, memoria organizacional, portafolios del conocimiento, MOOC y círculos del conocimientos para la codificación, adquisición, transferencia y creación del saber, respectivamente. Finalmente, se recomienda aplicar el instrumento a una muestra mayor de profesores e incluir a otros actores universitarios tales como asesores pedagógicos, agentes TIC y directivos.
Infraestructura de transporte en perspectiva multiescalar: problemáticas y desafíos para el desarrollo
Authors: Saus María Alejandra , Szupiany Estefanía
Published: June 2023

El presente dossier congrega siete artículos y una reseña de libro que son el resultado de una reunión científica realizada en la Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos en el año 2022. Con diversas metodologías, los trabajos discuten las tensiones entre los territorios, las ciudades y la construcción de infraestructuras de transporte. Esta presentación está organizada en tres ejes temáticos que revelan la incapacidad de las políticas públicas para conducir el desarrollo socio-económico y urbano hacia formas endógenas, la trivialidad de los discursos políticos y las limitaciones de los proyectos para abordar la complejidad de los territorios que procuran transformar.
Proyecto de nueva estación Nordelta de la Línea Mitre en el partido de Tigre
Authors: Velazquez Maximiliano Augusto
Published: June 2023

Los Planes de Movilidad Sostenible producidos en las últimas décadas han fortalecido el rol del transporte público signando al modo guiado por rieles como más eficiente en términos energéticos y ambientales respecto de los modos autotransportados. Las estaciones operan de nodos en la relación con la urbanidad local, permitiendo conectividad y accesibilidad, y simultáneamente irradiando actividad económica comercial en su entorno inmediato. Resulta clave analizar esta articulación entre la infraestructura de movilidad y desarrollo local con algunos de los términos, conceptos y palabras claves propuestas en el Desarrollo Orientado al Transporte Sostenible (DOTS), una línea de políticas públicas global que financia en el caso ferroviario mejoramientos de centros de transbordo.

Nuestro punto de partida busca investigar las complejas relaciones entre la planificación de las infraestructuras de transporte -en este caso ferroviarias- y los procesos de urbanización desplegados a partir de diversas estrategias de expansión o de concentración a escala metropolitana. En este artículo, buscamos indagar posibles estrategias de desarrollo urbano y regional, en donde la movilidad juega un rol preponderante en la producción del espacio urbano, razón por la cual proponemos evaluar los proyectos de transporte en el marco del paradigma de la movilidad sostenible y en clave socio urbanística.

Como estudio de caso tomamos el proyecto para la construcción de una nueva estación ferroviaria entre las estaciones General Pacheco y Benavides de la línea Mitre ramal Villa Ballester-Zárate que se ubicará desde la calle del túnel del Talar del Lago y paralela al corredor Bancalari-Benavidez, disponiendo de su eje medio de andenes en la Progresiva 35+400 respecto de la estación Retiro, en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, cabecera del servicio. El emplazamiento nos permite reflexionar sobre los contrastes socio ambientales resultantes de la interrelación entre las urbanizaciones cerradas de Nordelta, la ciudad construida entre las vías y la ex ruta nacional 9, actual avenida Presidente Perón, los enclaves logísticos de zona norte de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires y los asentamientos surgidos en los cursos de los arroyos y espacios intersticiales, donde pobreza y riqueza fragmentan una urbanización cada vez más desigual. 

El proyecto se plantea como objetivo servir para “satisfacer la demanda de los barrios de la zona en la cual se implantará la misma, brindando importantes mejoras en la accesibilidad, y constituirá un punto de partida para la generación de un nuevo enclave urbano de carácter social y comercial que potenciará la zona” (Pliego ADIFSE IF-2022-54929969-APN-IPE#PE, página 17). La pregunta rectora del análisis surge de contrastar el entorno inmediato a la estación con las dimensiones e indicadores que las iniciativas DOTS proponen para estimar su comportamiento socio urbanístico, identificando oportunidades de mejora, de integración social, y de resguardo ambiental.
Cambio climático, movilidad y transporte en una ciudad capital verde europea
Authors: Del Romero Renau Luis , Puertos Hernández Paula , Martínez Prats Noelia , Piñera Ramos Marta , Ponce García Caterina , Sánchez Collado Lucía , Silvestre Vañó Joana , Torres da Silva Joao Pedro
Published: June 2023

Valencia, la tercera ciudad y área metropolitana española, emprendió con el cambio de gobierno de 2015 una ambiciosa política hacia modelos de movilidad urbana sostenible como estrategia de adaptación y mitigación del cambio climático en un territorio como el valenciano especialmente afectado por ese fenómeno. Los problemas continuos de tráfico, un centro histórico en crisis y un transporte público metropolitano con grandes lagunas de servicios motivaron un cambio de paradigma hacia un nuevo modelo de movilidad con una ambiciosa política de expansión de carriles bici, mayores restricciones al tráfico rodado y mayor espacio para el peatón. La entrada en vigor en 2023 de una nueva normativa de restricción de acceso a vehículos contaminantes en la ciudad supondrá un nuevo giro de tuerca en la política de movilidad sostenible y la declaración de Valencia como capital verde europea un espaldarazo hacia este modelo de ciudad de movilidad sostenible. Sin embargo todas estas transformaciones no están exentas de conflicto, sobre todo por riesgos de aumentar las brechas de pobreza y desigualdad dentro de la ciudad, una importante descoordinación de políticas a nivel metropolitano, y muchas dudas sobre los límites de la peatonalización, la bicicleta y el coche eléctrico a la hora de articular un área metropolitana compleja de 1,5 millones de habitantes, que además es uno de los puertos comerciales y nodos de transporte de mercancías por carretera más importantes del país.
The Role of Career Parents In Developing Social-Emotional Early Childhood
Authors: Irbah Ariq Nurjannah , Suyadi Suyadi , Riyadi Ahmad Syafi'i Mufadzilah , Binsa Ucik Hidayah
Published: June 2023

Career women are women who play a role in the household as well as play a role outside the home. This study discusses the role of career parents in developing social-emotional early childhood at Tunas Muda Magetan Kindergarten. This research aims to; find out information about the extent of parenting parents who have a career in developing social-emotional early childhood. This type of research used a qualitative research approach in the nature of a case study with a population of parents of early childhood at Poncol Magetan. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. Spread over 3 Kindergartens in Poncol District with a sample of 75 parents in Poncol. Data collection was in the form of questionnaires and interviews. Based on data analysis, it shows that there is a role for career parents in developing children's social-emotional development. From the study, it was found that role for career parent has an influence on the development of children's social abilities. This parenting style has the effect of giving children the opportunity and freedom to choose sincere actions and approaches, fostering attitudes and habits such as cooperation, mutual respect, tolerance and responsibility, because it can develop social and emotional development. Feel loved, valued, safe, competent and optimize their abilities.
PEMIKIRAN ETIKA IBNU MISKAWAIH
Authors: Awal  , Santalia Indo
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ibn Miskawaih is known as the father of Islamic ethics. He has been able to formulate the basics of ethics in his book Tahdzib al Akhlaq wa Thathir al A'raq (Education Budi and Cleansing Morals). The source of Ibn Miskawaih's ethical philosophy comes from Greek philosophy, Persian civilization, Islamic teachings and personal experience. In His thoughts on ethics, he started by exploring the human soul. He views that psychology has its own virtues compared to other other psychology. Ibn Miskawaih's ethical teachings stem from the bitch theory middle. The point is to say that moral virtue is generally defined as as a middle position, extreme advantages and extreme disadvantages of each human soul. Thus, according to Ibn Miskawaih that morality is a a state of mind that invites someone to act without thinking and calculated beforehand. So that morality can be made into human nature by doing continuous exercises until it becomes a good self give birth to good morals.
Keywords: Ibn Miskawaih, Ethics, morality
 
Abstrak
Ibnu Miskawaih dikenal sebagai bapak etika Islam. Dia mampu merumuskan dasar-dasar etika dalam bukunya Tahdzib al Akhlaq wa Thathir al A'raq (Pendidikan Budi dan pembersihan budi pekerti) . Sumber filsafat etika Ibnu Miskawaih berasal dari Filsafat Yunani, peradaban Persia, ajaran Islam dan pengalaman pribadi. Di Pemikirannya tentang etika, ia mulai dengan menjelajahi jiwa manusia. Dia bahwa psikologi memiliki keutamaan tersendiri dibandingkan dengan yang lain psikologi lainnya. Ajaran etika Ibn Miskawaih berasal dari teori anjing betina lingkungan. Ini untuk mengatakan bahwa kebajikan moral secara umum didefinisikan sebagai sebagai posisi tengah, keuntungan ekstrim dan kerugian ekstrim masing-masing jiwa manusia. Jadi, menurut Ibnu Miskawaih, akhlak adalah keadaan pikiran yang mengajak seseorang untuk bertindak tanpa berpikir dan dihitung sebelumnya. Sehingga moralitas dapat menjelma menjadi fitrah manusia dengan melakukan latihan terus menerus sampai ia menjadi diri yang baik melahirkan akhlak yang baik.
Kata Kunci: Ibnu Miskawaih, Etika, akhlak.