bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome Mining for Unknown-Unknown Natural Products
Authors: Yee Danielle , Niwa Kanji , Perlatti Bruno , Chen Mengbin , Li Yuqing , Tang Yi
Published: December 2022

Genome mining of biosynthetic pathways with no identifiable core enzymes can lead to discovery of the so-called unknown (biosynthetic route)-unknown (molecular structure) natural products. In this work, we focused on a conserved fungal biosynthetic pathway (ank) that lacks a canonical core enzyme, and used heterologous expression to identify the associate natural product to be a highly modified cyclo-arginine-tyrosine dipeptide (cRY). Biochemical characterization of the ank pathway led to identification of a new arginine-containing cyclodipeptide synthase (RCDPS), which was previously annotated as a hypothetical protein (HP) and has no sequence homology to nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NPRS) or bacterial cyclodipeptide synthase (CDPS). RCDPS homologs are widely encoded in fungal genomes and we showed other members of this family can synthesize diverse cyclo-arginine-Xaa dipeptides. Characterization of a cyclo-Arg-Trp (cRW) RCDPS showed the enzyme is aminoacyl-tRNA dependent, and represents the first report of such CDPS-like enzyme from fungi. Further characterization of the biosynthetic pathway anchored by the cRW synthase led to discovery of new compounds of which the structures would not have been predicted without knowledge of RCDPS function.
Simulation of two-dimensional infrared Raman spectroscopy with application to proteins
Authors: van Hengel Carleen D. N. , van Adrichem Kim E. , Jansen Thomas L. C.
Published: December 2022

Two-dimensional infrared Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique for studying the structure and interaction in molecular and biological systems. Here, we present a new implementation of the simulation of the two-dimensional infrared Raman signals. The implementation builds on the Numerical Integration of the Schr ̈odinger Equa- tion approach. It combines the prediction of dynamics from molecular dynamics with a map-based approach for obtaining Hamiltonian trajectories and response function calculations. The new implementation is tested on the amide-I region for two pro- teins, where one is dominated by α-helices and the other by β-sheets. We find that the predicted spectra agree well with experimental observations. The present imple- mentation and findings pave the way for future applications for the interpretation of two-dimensional infrared Raman spectra.
Sustainable ammonia synthesis from nitrogen wet with sea water vapor by single-step plasma catalysis
Authors: Nguyen Hoang M. , Gorky FNU , Guthrie Shelby R. , Carreon Maria L.
Published: December 2022

Ammonia synthesis at ambient conditions employing intermittent distributed green sources of energy and feedstocks is globally sought to replace the centralized Haber-Bosch (H-B) process operating at high temperature and pressure. We report herein for the first time an effective and sustainable ammonia synthesis pathway from N2 wet with seawater vapor over spherical SiO2 and M/SiO2 (M: Ag, Cu, and Co) catalysts driven by non-thermal plasma (NTP). Experimental results indicate that the presence of a catalyst is required for ammonia production from seawater vapor and N2. The Co/SiO2 catalyst delivered the highest ammonia synthesis rate rNH3 of 3.7 mmol.gcat-1.h-1 and energy yield of 3.2 g-NH3.kW-1.h-1 at a relatively low input power of 2 W. The extraction of H atoms from H2O molecules plays an important role in the ammonia synthesis from seawater vapor. This work unfolds a novel platform for the subsequent optimization of sustainable ammonia production from endless resources such as seawater and N2 through catalytic non-thermal plasma potentially powered by renewable sources.
Computational evolution of new catalysts for the Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction
Authors: Seumer Julius , Hansen Jonathan Kirschner Solberg , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogen , Jensen Jan H.
Published: December 2022

We present a de novo discovery of an efficient catalyst of the methanol-mediated Morita– Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reaction by searching chemical space for molecules that lower the es- timated barrier of the rate-determining step using a genetic algorithm (GA) starting from randomly selected tertiary amines. We performed five independent GA searches that resulted in 448 unique molecules, for which we were able to locate 435 true transition states at semiem- pirical level of theory. The predicted activation energies of all 435 molecules were all lower than that of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), which is a popular catalyst of the MBH reaction. Virtually all the molecules contain an azetidine N as the catalytically active site, which is discovered by the GA since it is either not found in the initial population or discarded early only to be rediscovered as the search progresses. Many of the GA searches also intro- duce a substituent with a hydrogen bond donor that helps to stabilize the transition state and thus lower the barrier. Two molecules are selected for further study based on their synthetic accessibility as predicted by the retrosynthesis package Manifold. For these two molecules, we compute the entire free energy reaction profile at the DFT level and show that their rate- determining barriers are 1.7 and 2.4 kcal/mol lower than that of DABCO. Azetidines have not been used as catalysts for the MBH reaction so we experimentally verified our predictions. One of the molecules was successfully synthesized and is indeed more active than DABCO with an eight-fold increase in the rate-constant corresponding to a roughly 1 kcal/mol lower barrier, in good agreement with the predictions. We believe this is the first experimentally verified de novo discovery of an efficient catalyst using a generative model.
Computational evolution of new catalysts for the Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction
Authors: Seumer Julius , Hansen Jonathan Kirschner Solberg , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens , Jensen Jan H.
Published: December 2022

We present a de novo discovery of an efficient catalyst of the methanol-mediated Morita– Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reaction by searching chemical space for molecules that lower the es- timated barrier of the rate-determining step using a genetic algorithm (GA) starting from randomly selected tertiary amines. We performed five independent GA searches that resulted in 448 unique molecules, for which we were able to locate 435 true transition states at semiem- pirical level of theory. The predicted activation energies of all 435 molecules were all lower than that of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), which is a popular catalyst of the MBH reaction. Virtually all the molecules contain an azetidine N as the catalytically active site, which is discovered by the GA since it is either not found in the initial population or discarded early only to be rediscovered as the search progresses. Many of the GA searches also intro- duce a substituent with a hydrogen bond donor that helps to stabilize the transition state and thus lower the barrier. Two molecules are selected for further study based on their synthetic accessibility as predicted by the retrosynthesis package Manifold. For these two molecules, we compute the entire free energy reaction profile at the DFT level and show that their rate- determining barriers are 1.7 and 2.4 kcal/mol lower than that of DABCO. Azetidines have not been used as catalysts for the MBH reaction so we experimentally verified our predictions. One of the molecules was successfully synthesized and is indeed more active than DABCO with an eight-fold increase in the rate-constant corresponding to a roughly 1 kcal/mol lower barrier, in good agreement with the predictions. We believe this is the first experimentally verified de novo discovery of an efficient catalyst using a generative model.
A Randomised Control Trial in Comparison of Polypropylene Mesh Versus Polyester Mesh in Open Inguinal Hernia Repair
Authors: Arun KP
Published: December 2022

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ON THE FORMATION OF FRACTAL IRON FILMS
Authors: Иванов Дмитрии Викторович , Антонов Александр Сергеевич , Семенова Елена Михайловна , Иванова Александра Ивановна , Кузьмин Николай Борисович , Сдобняков Николай Юрьевич
Published: December 2022

Рассмотрены закономерности формирования фрактального рельефа наноразмерных пленок железа на поверхности слюды с использованием атомносиловой микроскопии. С целью не допустить образования оксидного слоя, пленки железа исследовались непосредственно после их получения на установке магнетронного напыления. Установлено, что магнетронное напыление позволяет получать островковые пленки железа, структурным элементом которых являются усеченные нанокубы - нанопирамиды. Определена фрактальная размерность полученных агломератов на различных масштабах: на масштабе 5 мкм D = 2,462±0,113; на масштабе 3 мкм D = 2,373±0,122; на масштабе 1 мкм D = 2,298±0,139. Проведена оценка распределения вероятности обнаружения агломератов на исследуемых пленках с определенной фрактальной размерностью поверхности пленок железа. Последующий элементный анализ пленок железа показал наличие кислорода, а следовательно формирование упорядоченных оксидных пленок типа ядро-оболочка.

The patterns of formation of the fractal relief of nanosized iron films on the mica surface are considered using the atomic force microscopy. In order to prevent the formation of an oxide layer, iron films were studied immediately after their production employing at a magnetron sputtering unit. It has been established that magnetron sputtering makes it possible to obtain island films of iron, the structural element of which are truncated nanocubes - nanopyramids. The fractal dimension of the resulting agglomerates was determined at various scales: on a scale of 5 µm D = 2,462±0,113; on a scale of 3 µm D = 2,373±0,122; on a scale of 1 µm D = 2,298±0,139. The distribution of the probability of detecting agglomerates on the films under study with a certain fractal dimension of the surface of iron films is estimated. The subsequent elemental analysis of the iron films showed the presence of oxygen and, consequently, the formation of ordered oxide films of the core-shell type.
EFFECT OF DISLOCATION DENSITY ON THE DYNAMIC YIELD STRENGTH OF ALLOYS WITH NANOSCALE DEFECTS UNDER HIGH ENERGY EXTERNAL ACTIONS
Authors: Малашенко Вадим Викторович , Малашенко Татьяна Ивановна
Published: December 2022

Выполнен теоретический анализ неупругих процессов в состаренных сплавах в условиях интенсивных внешних воздействий. Анализ проведен в рамках теории динамического взаимодействия дефектов. Получено аналитическое выражение зависимости динамического предела текучести от плотности дислокаций. Определена причина различного влияния наноструктурных дефектов на движение дислокаций при высокоскоростной и квазистатической деформации. Показано, что при высокоскоростной деформации наноразмерные дефекты влияют на характер зависимости динамического предела текучести от плотности дислокаций. Эта зависимость становится немонотонной и имеет минимум. В точке минимума происходит переход от доминирования торможения дислокации зонами Гинье-Престона к доминированию её торможения другими дислокациями. Выполнены численные оценки вклада зон Гинье-Престона в величину предела текучести. Показано, что при высокой концентрации зон Гинье-Престона этот вклад является весьма существенным. Выполнены численные оценки плотности дислокаций, при которой нарушается соотношение Тейлора.

A theoretical analysis of inelastic processes in aged alloys under intense external influences is carried out. The analysis was carried out within the framework of the theory of dynamic interaction of defects. An analytical expression for the dependence of the dynamic yield strength on the dislocation density has been obtained. The reason for the different influence of nanostructural defects on the dislocation motion under high strain rate deformation and quasi-static deformation is determined. It is shown that under high strain rate deformation, nanosized defects affect the nature of the dependence of the dynamic yield strength on the dislocation density. This dependence becomes nonmonotonic and has a minimum. At the minimum point, there is a transition from the dominance of the drag of the dislocation by Guinier-Preston zones to the dominance of its drag by other dislocations. Numerical estimates of the contribution of the Guinier-Preston zones to the yield strength are made. It is shown that at a high concentration of Guinier-Preston zones, this contribution is very significant. Numerical estimates are made of the dislocation density at which the Taylor relation is violated.
METHODS FOR DESCRIBING THE REACTIVITY OF TRANSITION METAL NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Замулин Иван Сергеевич , Голубничий Артем Александрович , Чепкасов Илья Васильевич , Байдышев Виктор Сергеевич
Published: December 2022

Используя современные расчеты из первых принципов, в данной работе мы систематически изучали адсорбцию атомарного кислорода на поверхности наночастиц ГЦК металлов Ag, Cu, Pd состоящих из 79 атомов. Было рассмотрено две модели для описания реакционной способности переходных металлов на основе центра d-зоны (d-band center) атомов поверхности, а также на основе обобщенного координационного числа. Оба метода предсказания энергии адсорбции атомов кислорода на различных сайтах показали себя хорошо, однако метод основанный на обобщенном координационном числе более прост в вычислительном плане, так как для этого метода нужна информация лишь о структуре частицы, в то время как для модели d-band center необходимы расчеты электронной структуры. Полученные значения энергии адсорбции кислорода и d-band center соответствуют известным литературным данным. Наиболее благоприятные позиции для адсорбции атома кислорода находятся на плоскости (100) и представляют собой полости состоящие из 4 атомов и не зависят от типа рассматриваемого металла. Наибольшая энергия адсорбции атома кислорода наблюдалась в случае медных наночастиц.

Using modern calculations from first principles, in this work we systematically studied the adsorption of atomic oxygen on the surface of nanoparticles of fcc metals Ag, Cu, Pd consisting of 79 atoms. Two models were considered to describe the reactivity of transition metals based on the d-band center of surface atoms, as well as on the basis of the generalized coordination number. Both methods for predicting the adsorption energy of oxygen atoms at different sites have shown good results, however, the method based on the generalized coordination number is computationally simpler, since this method requires information only about the structure of the particle, while the d-band center model requires electronic structure calculations. The obtained values of the oxygen adsorption energy and d-band center correspond to the known literature data. The most favorable positions for the adsorption of an oxygen atom are on the (100) plane and are hollow consisting of 4 atoms and do not depend on the type of metal under consideration. The highest adsorption energy of the oxygen atom was observed in the case of copper nanoparticles.
IDENTIFICATION OF COMPLEX CORE-SHELL NANOSTRUCTURES FROM THE RADIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF THE LOCAL DENSITY OF COMPONENTS
Authors: Талызин Игорь Владимирович , Богданов Сергей Сергеевич , Самсонов Владимир Михайлович , Сдобняков Николай Юрьевич , Григорьев Роман Евгеньевич , Первиков Александр Васильевич , Мишаков Илья Владимирович
Published: December 2022

Работа посвящена обоснованию и дальнейшему развитию подхода к анализу мезоскопической и интегральной структуры бинарных металлических наночастиц по радиальным распределениям локальной плотности компонентов. В качестве примера рассмотрены распределения локальной плотности Ni и Al, полученные с использованием результатов молекулярно-динамического моделирования бинарных наночастиц Ni-Al с исходным однородным распределением компонентов и икосаэдрических наноструктур ядро-оболочка Ni@Al. Оба паттерна демонстрируют сегрегацию атомов Al в ходе релаксации и последующей закалки исходных конфигураций, содержащих 5000 атомов в соотношении 1:1 (радиус наночастиц 3 нм). В процессе закалки температура наночастиц уменьшалась от 1000 К до 0,01 К с низкой для атомистического моделирования скоростью охлаждения. Экспериментально бинарные наночастицы Ni-Al радиуса порядка 100 нм (76Ni:24Al ат.%) были синтезированы методом электровзрыва проволок. Представлены и проанализированы экспериментальные распределения интенсивностей, полученных по данным энергодисперсионного анализа при воздействии электронного пучка. Эти распределения в большей степени соответствуют начальным конфигурациям в молекулярно-динамических экспериментах, т.е., очевидно, являются неравновесными. Вместе с тем, сделан вывод, что и конечные молекулярно-динамические конфигурации также не являются в полной степени равновесными.

The paper is devoted to the substantiation and further development of the approach to the analysis of the mesoscopic and integral structure of binary metal nanoparticles from the radial distributions of the local density of the components. As an example, the local density distributions of Ni and Al obtained using the results of molecular dynamics modeling of binary Ni-Al nanoparticles with an initial uniform distribution of components and Ni@Al core-shell icosahedral nanostructures are considered. Both patterns demonstrate the surface segregation of Al atoms during relaxation and subsequent quenching of the initial configurations containing 5000 atoms in 1:1 ratio (nanoparticle radius 3 nm). During cooling, the temperature of the nanoparticles decreased from 1000 K to 0,01 K with a low for atomistic simulation cooling rate. Experimentally binary Ni-Al nanoparticles with a radius of about 100 nm (76Ni:24Al at.%) were synthesized by the wire electric explosion. The experimental intensity distributions obtained from the data of energy-dispersive analysis under the action of an electron beam are presented and analyzed. These distributions correspond to a greater extent to the initial configurations in our molecular dynamics experiments, i.e., they are obviously nonequilibrium. At the same time, it was concluded that the final molecular dynamic configurations are also not entirely equilibrium.
TO THE PROBLEM OF INVESTIGATING THE PROCESSES OF STRUCTURE FORMATION IN FOUR-COMPONENT NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Вересов Сергей Александрович , Савина Ксения Геннадьевна , Веселов Алексей Дмитриевич , Серов Сергей Викторович , Колосов Андрей Юрьевич , Мясниченко Владимир Сергеевич , Сдобняков Николай Юрьевич , Соколов Денис Николаевич
Published: December 2022

Исследованы различные типы конфигураций четырехкомпонентной наносистемы Au-Cu-PD-PT, включая сложные структуры ядро-оболочка. В качестве метода моделирования использовался метод Монте-Карло, межатомное взаимодействие описывалось потенциалом сильной связи - потенциалом Гупты. По результатам серий компьютерных экспериментов было установлено, что четырехкомпонентные наночастицы в данной системе не имеют склонности к формированию структуры ядро-оболочка, даже при том, что атомы золота имеют повышенную сегрегацию к поверхности. Определены температуры плавления для исследуемых наносплавов. Полученные значения находятся в диапазоне от 1100 K до 1250 K и слабо зависят от композиции наночастиц (соотношения числа атомов). Обнаружен стехиометрический состав на основе этих металлов, для которого в процессе охлаждения формируется кристаллическая ГЦК структура с включениями ГПУ фазы. Однако отличительных особенностей в характере сегрегации для данного стехиометрического состава не установлено. Все рассмотренные составы в исследуемом температурном диапазоне были стабильны по отношению к распаду.

Various types of configurations of the Au-Cu-Pd-Pt four-component nanosystem, including complex core-shell structures, have been studied. The Monte Carlo method was used as a simulation method, the interatomic interaction was described by the tight-binding potential, i.e. the Gupta potential. According to the results of a series of computer experiments, it was found that four-component nanoparticles of this system do not tend to form a core-shell structure, even though gold atoms have an increased surface segregation. The melting temperatures for the nanosystems under study have been determined. The obtained values are in the range from 1100 K to 1250 K and weakly depend on the composition of nanoparticles (the ratio of the number of atoms). A stoichiometric composition based on these metals was found, for which, during cooling, an FCC crystal structure with inclusions of the HCP phase is formed. However, no distinctive features in the nature of segregation for this stoichiometric composition have been established. All considered stoichiometric compositions in the studied temperature range were stable with respect to decomposition.
STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF ZINC SILICATE STABILIZED WITH L-HISTIDINE
Authors: Блинова Анастасия Александровна , Ясная Мария Анатольевна , Маглакелидзе Давид Гурамиевич , Тараванов Максим Александрович , Лапин Вячеслав Анатольевич , Леонтьев Павел Сергеевич
Published: December 2022

В данной работе представлены результаты исследования процесса стабилизации наночастиц силиката цинка с использованием аминокислоты L-гистидина. В качестве прекурсора использовали ацетат цинка, в качестве осадителя -силикат натрия, стабилизатором выступала аминокислота L-гистидин. Синтез осуществляли методом химического осаждения в водной среде. Провели синхронный термический анализ, в результате которого установлено, что добавление аминокислоты в наноразмерный силикат цинка оказывает большое влияние на кристаллическую структуру и термические переходы для данного материала. Далее провели рентгенофазовый анализ, который показал, что частицы силиката цинка имеют аморфную структуру и находятся в наноразмерном состоянии. Затем исследовали процесс взаимодействия аминокислоты с частицей силиката цинка методом ИК-спектроскопии. Результаты исследования показали, что стабилизация частиц сопровождается образованием химической связи между кремнием в молекуле силиката цинка и аминогруппой в молекуле L-гистидина.

This paper presents the results of a study of the process of stabilization of zinc silicate nanoparticles using the amino acid L-histidine. Zinc acetate was used as a precursor, sodium silicate was used as a precipitant, and the amino acid L -histidine acted as a stabilizer. Synthesis was carried out by chemical precipitation in an aqueous medium. A simultaneous thermal analysis was carried out, as a result of which it was found that the addition of an amino acid to nanosized zinc silicate has a great influence on the crystal structure and thermal transitions for this material. Next, the X-ray phase analysis was carried out, which showed that of zinc silicate particles have an amorphous structure and are in a nanoscale state. At the next stage of the work, the process of interaction of an amino acid with a zinc silicate particle was studied by IR spectroscopy. The results of the study showed that stabilization of particles is accompanied by the formation of a chemical bond between silicon in the zinc silicate molecule and the amino group in the L -histidine molecule.
Chloronychia / Green Nail Syndrome
Authors: D Fadia Racchana
Published: December 2022

None
Adverse Donor Reactions During Voluntary Blood Donation Camp by Medical Students- A Pilot Study
Authors: BS Nishanth , P Shashikala , S Mahesh
Published: December 2022

Background Adverse donor reactions of variable severity occur during blood donation. This may have a negative impact on donor retention and donor return. The present study aims to analyse the donor reactions in a group of voluntary blood donors who belong to medical fraternity. The knowledge about various donor reactions helps us to take necessary preventive measures.Materials and methods This is a cross sectional study on donor reactions conducted during a voluntary blood donation camp by medical students and doctors. All the donors were observed for adverse reactions during and for a period of 30 minutes after donation and the data regarding adverse reactions were recorded and analysed.Results A total of 37 medical students donated blood. 2464.86 were males and 1335.14 were females. Nine 24.32 donors developed adverse donor reactions out of which 7 77.78 were first time donors.Conclusion The prevalence of adverse donor reactions was high even though all the donors were medical students and doctors with prior knowledge about blood donation. Counselling of blood donors prior to donation about the adverse reactions along with incorporation of preventive measures can minimise the donor reactions.nbsp
Student debt incidence: recent data and conceptual issues
Authors: Manes Jordan B. , Moschini Emily , Phelan Thomas M.
Published: December 2022

Abstract: In recent years, the rising level of student debt has led to calls for increased government assistance in the form of partial or full student debt cancellation. In this Commentary, we use the 2019 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) to study the incidence of student debt and cancellation benefits along quantiles of household income, net worth, and our estimate of lifetime wealth. We show that student debt is highly concentrated among households with low net worth, but much more evenly distributed across income and lifetime wealth. We then highlight several challenges in using such statistics to draw conclusions about whether cancellation will ultimately increase or decrease inequality in lifetime wealth, and we outline open questions for future research.

Replication materials for this Commentary may be found at https://github.com/tphelanECON/student_debt_SCF
ECONOMETRIC MODELING OF INDIVIDUAL ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF THE ACTIVITY OF CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES
Authors: Tsvil Mariya , Abramova O.
Published: December 2022

The article represents the theoretical, regulatory consolidated information on the effectiveness indicesof the performance of the customs authorities, as well as an econometric modeling of the separate parameters of such economic indicators as customs payments, namely weight and cost. The developed models according to the given parameters are based on the monthly data of the Customs statistics for commodity group 23 «Residues and wastes of the food industry; prepared animal feed» for 2018-2021. By means of the constructed econometric models, the values of the customs value and weight for this category of goods for January 2022 have been predicted.
ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF EXPORT VOLUMES CHINA
Authors: Fomichev Nikolay , Leonov D. , Khilchevski S.
Published: December 2022

The paper analyzes the value volumes of China's exports for 2011-2021 by constructing an econometric model of a time series. The polynomial equation of the trend of the third degree is constructed by introducing fictitious variables. The result of the work is a forecast for 2022
FORECASTING OF RUSSIAN FEDERAL BUDGET REVENUES FROM OIL EXPORTS
Authors: Chernikova Ekaterina , Kirzhoy E. , Agayan A.
Published: December 2022

The article presents a methodology for forecasting the revenues of the federal budget of the Russian Federation from oil exports. Based on quarterly data for the period 2018-2021. an additive time series model was built. The adequacy of the obtained model was assessed.
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Livestock Manure and its Biochar as a Solid Fuel and Soil Amendment
Authors: Gunamantha Made , Parwata I Putu , Widana I Gede Agus Beni , Oviantari Made Vivi
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study is to elucidate some of the basic characteristics of manure and its biochar and to explore its potential as a solid fuel and soil amendment. Cow, pig, chicken, and duck manure were selected and collected in the farmer’s pen. Furthermore, composite sampling was applied to obtain a representative sample of each manure. Each of them was dried in the sun for four to seven days, and each sample was divided into two parts. The first part was not further processed, while the rest were carbonized. Carbonization was carried out within a temperature range of 300 to 400?C and 4 h residence time. C-organic, N-total, available P and K, CEC, volatile matters, fixed carbon, ash content, Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Sulfur (S) content), higher heating value, and the chemical composition of their ash in both original and carbonized manure were identified. In addition, the nutritional content was relatively comparable and the H/C and O/C ratio in biochar were lower than in its original state. Both the original and carbonized manure indicated low calorific value, while the ash content and fouling index were high. The results showed that livestock manure in both forms has more potential as a soil amendment than solid fuel.
Assessment of Households’ Perception Towards Participatory Forest Management the Case of Heban Arsi Woreda, Ethiopia
Authors: Girma Gonche
Published: December 2022

Understanding communities perceptions and attitudes towards participatory forest management (PFM) is crucial to successful PFM improvement. However, there is a lack of research evidence on the perception of local communities for PFM program intervention. The purpose of the study was to exmine local community perceptions and attitudes towards PFM intervention. In this study, 131 households were surveyed and data were collected through the household survey; key informant interviews (KIIs), focus group discussion (FGD). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results show that the households perceived that there is no deforestation after PFM intervention. This increased species diversity, forest coverage, productivity of the forest, number of valuable species and address environmental degradation. Respondents that PFM program has opportunities to change a negative attitude to a positive through giving of power to the local community, enables to exclude non-PFM members, and creates a sense of belongingness to use and conservation of forest. The finding demonstrated that households generate their incomes from different sources and the share of forest income is the second. The different actions such as better protection of existing forests, access to alternative livelihood, access to better knowledge were suggested to increase the existing benefits and management of PFM. The finding of the study suggests further improvement of local communities’ perception and attitudes as well as providing alternatives to improve forest conditions and livelihood.
O TRABALHO ESCRAVO CONTEMPORÂNEO EM TORTO ARADO: UMA (RE)LEITURA A PARTIR DE VOZES SILENCIADAS
Authors: Eleutério Lechinewski Renata
Published: December 2022

O artigo pretende fomentar a produção científica sobre o trabalho escravo contemporâneo, de forma interdisciplinar, sob a ótica da obra literária Torto Arado. A partir da perspectiva de vozes negras silenciadas e das vulnerabilidades apresentadas no romance, busca-se demonstrar a relevância das heranças do sistema escravagista brasileiro e compreender como o racismo obsta a erradicação do trabalho escravo contemporâneo. Os resultados alcançados indicam que existem questões jurídicas e culturais que impossibilitam ou retardam a erradicação do trabalho escravo contemporâneo, denunciando uma sociedade racista e um Estado que é omisso em relação aos direitos e garantias fundamentais dos trabalhadores mais vulneráveis.
Hepatitis C time trends in reported cases and estimates of the hidden population born before 1965, Denmark and Sweden, 1990 to 2020
Authors: Christensen Peer Brehm , Debrabant Birgit , Cowan Susan , Debrabant Kristian , Øvrehus Anne , Duberg Ann-Sofi
Published: December 2022

Background

According to the World Health Organization, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection should be under control by 2030.

Aim

Our aim was to describe the size and temporal changes in reported cases of chronic HCV infection in Denmark and Sweden and to estimate the size of the hidden (undiagnosed) population born before 1965.

Methods

We extracted all HCV infections reported to national surveillance systems in Denmark and Sweden from 1990 to 2020. Prediction of the size of the hidden HCV-infected population was restricted to the cohort born before 1965 and cases reported up to 2017. We applied a model based on removal sampling from binomial distributions, estimated the yearly probability of diagnosis, and deducted the original HCV-infected population size.

Results

Denmark (clinician-based) reported 10 times fewer hepatitis C cases annually than Sweden (laboratory and clinician-based), peaking in 2007 (n = 425) and 1992 (n = 4,537), respectively. In Denmark, the birth year distribution was monophasic with little change over time. In recent years, Sweden has had a bimodal birth year distribution, suggesting ongoing infection in the young population. In 2017, the total HCV-infected population born before 1965 was estimated at 10,737 living persons (95% confidence interval (CI): 9,744–11,806), including 5,054 undiagnosed, in Denmark and 16,124 (95% CI: 13,639–18,978), including 10,580 undiagnosed, in Sweden.

Conclusions

The reporting of HCV cases in Denmark and Sweden was different. For Denmark, the estimated hidden population was larger than the current national estimate, whereas in Sweden the estimate was in line with the latest published numbers.
Sex Reversal of the Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium dacqueti through Androgenic Gland Ablation
Authors: VİLLANUEVA Roy , TABERNA Princess , VİLLANUEVA Marjorie , AJIK Jaro , TAHILUDDIN Albaris
Published: December 2022

The male Macrobrachium species (giant freshwater prawn) typically achieve better growth and a larger harvest size than females. Hence, it is clear that the monosex culture of all-male prawn populations would be inexpensively advantageous. This study aimed to determine whether androgenic gland (AG) ablation induces sex reversal of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium dacqueti. The AG of the prawn was ablated through bilateral microsurgery (AG ablation) and let them recover for two months. The weight and length were also measured every 15 days. Results revealed that the removal of AG from the males of immature M. dacqueti resulted in sex reversal, with 70% female differentiation. Successful neo-female prawns exhibited the development of an ovary with orange coloration as it matures. Andrectomized M. dacqueti did not develop the appendix masculina in the second pleopod, an indicator of a suspected neo-female prawn. A significant increase in weight and length was observed within two months compared to the control. Based on the result of the study, sex reversal of M. dacqueti is possible through AG ablation. Therefore, sex-reversed (neo-females) M. dacqueti can be used to breed with normal males to produce all-male progenies since both parents possess male hormones, thereby rendering a huge advantage for prawn culture.
Extraction and Identification of Volatile Compounds in Rosa laxa Retz var harputense T. Baytop "Kişmiri rose"
Authors: ALP Şevket , ZARIFIKHOSROSHAHI Mozhgan , YAŞA ÖZTÜRK Gülşah , ERCİSLİ Sezai
Published: December 2022

The gardening of ornamental plants comes back to ancient times (Urartians). Nowadays the gardening of ornamental plants is done worldwide as in the Van provinces of Türkiye. Old and traditional gardens can be seen in different regions of this province naturally. Among these plants, Rosa laxa Retzius var. harputense T. Baytop (Kişmiri rose), is an exotic plant coming from Central Asia. Kişmiri rose has semi-double and miniature flowers and blooms for about five months in the ecological conditions of Van. It has not only highly decorative but also has a light, pleasant, and enthusiastic fragrance. As far as we know there is no previously published on the volatile profile of Rosa laxa Retz var. harputense (Kişmiri rose). For this purpose, in this study, "Headspace Solid Phase Micro Extraction Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry" (HS/SPME/GC/MS) was applied for the detection of volatile compounds of Kişmiri rose flowers. A total of 31 compounds of Kişmiri rose were identified and quantified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Among these identified compounds, phenyl ethyl alcohol (26.59%), cis-3-hexenyl acetate (18.573%) was detected as the major ones. According to the obtained results, it is concluded that our species has also a Chinese origin.
The Influence of Good Corporate Governance Implementation towards Employee Performance in PT. XYZ, Surabaya.
Authors: Kurniawati Yuli
Published: December 2022

In the era of business volatility and uncertainty, there are companies that dealing with loss caused by fraudulence and unethical actions. Good Corporate Governance (GCG) known as one of the best management frameworks, is now being adapted and implemented by many of companies around the world. It is often referred as the formal standard for business principles and corporate ethics. This research paper aims to measure the influence (including correlation) of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) implementation towards the employee performance in PT. XYZ, Surabaya. Method used in this study is simple linear regression applying the equation of Y=a+bX. Some of activities done here include observation and analysis where survey is conducted using questionnaire, process of identification and data modelling, parametric testing, goodness of fit evaluation, and also hypothesis examination. Based on the analysis result, it is found that Good Corporate Governance implementation has influence towards employee performance positively and significantly in PT. XYZ with coefficient determination value at the number of 0,41 which is categorized as fine correlation.
Motivation as A Mediation of Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Work Environment, Impact on Employee Performance at Bank BJB Surabaya Branch Office
Authors: Dewi Irene Puspita , Sukarno Gendut
Published: December 2022

BANK BJB SURABAYA BRANCH OFFICE is an institution engaged in financial services. In carrying out their functions and duties, the leaders and employees of the Bjb Surabaya Branch Office help the individual performance of their employees, but there are recommendations for uneven employee performance results based on preliminary research, it is very important and necessary to conduct research related to the influence of organizational culture and work environment using motivation as a variable. intervention on employee performance.This study aims: 1) To analyze the influence of organizational culture on employee performance at Bank bjb Surabaya Branch Office; 2) To analyze the effect of work environment on employee performance at Bank bjb Surabaya Branch Office; 3) To analyze the influence of organizational culture through motivation on employee performance at Bank bjb Surabaya Branch Office; 4) To analyze the influence of work environment through motivation on employee performance at Bank bjb Surabaya Branch Office.The sample in this study were all leaders and employees of bank bjb Surabaya branch, totaling 59 leaders and employees. The sampling technique used in this study is a sampling technique because the sample under study is part of the entire population. The data analysis technique in this study used the Partial Least Square (PLS) methods.The results of the study concluded that: 1) Organizational culture can contribute to employee performance; 2) The work environment can contribute to employee performance; 3) Organizational culture can contribute to employee performance through motivation; 4) The work environment has not been able to contribute to employee performance through motivation.
Influence of Internal Marketing on Marketing Performance with Branding Strategy in PT. Jayaland Sidoarjo
Authors: Farandori Fabian , Anwar Muhadjir
Published: December 2022

JAYALAND is a developer of the Puri Surya Jaya Gedangan Housing in Sidoarjo. Observing this business opportunity, the company has the opportunity to attract consumers' interest in purchasing housing products that have been built in the city of Sidoarjo. PT. Jayaland must understand the importance of marketing expenses and manage them to provide sustainable benefits for the company. The purposes of this study are 1) to find out and empirically test the influence of Internal Marketing on Marketing Performance at Puri Surya Jaya Housing PT. Jayaland Sidoarjo; 2) to find out and empirically test the impact of Internal Marketing on Marketing Performance with Branding Strategy as a moderating variable at Puri Surya Jaya Housing PT. Jayaland Sidoarjo. In this study, the sampling technique used a census where the sample members obtained were about 41 employees of the Puri Surya Jaya Housing Marketing Division PT. Jayaland Sidoarjo. The data analysis technique in this study used the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. This study concludes that Internal Marketing has a significant positive effect on marketing performance, and Branding Strategy as Moderating Variable has no impact on Marketing Performance.
The Role of Adaptive Sales in Increasing the Performance ff Jimshoney Product Sales Personnel in East Java
Authors: Suryahadi Rezza Lutviana , Anwar Muhadjir
Published: December 2022

This research is based on the phenomenon of selling online-based products by using salespeople as marketing subjects, so there is a need for research on sales force performance to measure the effectiveness of sales force performance in marketing company products. The purpose of this study was to test and determine the causal relationship between constructs in the model, namely the construct of customer orientation and sales soft capability on the performance of employees with adaptive sales as a mediator.This study uses a quantitative approach. The sampling method used is a purposive sampling method with 100 respondents who are JimsHoney salespeople in East Java who have joined as salespeople for at least 3 months on January 1, 2021. The data analysis used in this study uses Smart PLS version 3 for windows.The conclusion of the study shows that customer orientation has a positive and significant effect on the performance of salespeople for JimsHoney products in East Java, while sales soft capability has no positive and significant effect on the performance of salespeople for JimsHoney products in East Java. Furthermore, customer orientation and sales soft capability have a positive and significant impact on the performance of salespeople through adaptive selling of JimsHoney products in East Java.
Designing a Sales Strategy with SWOT Method for Small and Medium Enterprises Products
Authors: Vitasari Prima , Herawati Lenny , Gustopo Dayal , Achmadi Fuad , Mokhtar Mazita
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This research was conducted on SMEs of brown sugar. This business has difficulty increasing sales especially in the new products from SMEs, namely printed brown sugar products. Where previously this SMEs only produced and sold bulk brown sugar. Design/methodology/approach: The methods used are Fishbone and Pareto, to identify the factors that can support the sales strategy. Findings: The results showed that there are internal factors and external factors as a sales strategy. Fishbone and Pareto diagram shows that internal factors have strength and weakness, indicating that there are SMEs that have their own business capital, workers who are experienced in making brown sugar. Meanwhile, external factors, in the form of opportunities and threats, where SMEs already have markets and customers. Research limitations/implications: Current condition has several obstacles, such as facing increasingly competitive competition, more types of products, rapid technological developments, and the number of similar businesses. This has an effect on conventionally run businesses such as SMEs. Practical implications: The results showed that there are internal factors and external factors as a sales strategy. Fishbone and Pareto diagram shows that internal factors have strength and weakness, indicating that there are SMEs that have their own business capital, workers who are experienced in making brown sugar. Meanwhile, external factors, in the form of opportunities and threats, where SMEs already have markets and customers. In the Threat factor, technology and competitors are found to be a threat, but if examined again, these two things are real opportunities for SMEs. The use of technology in this digital era can be used as a promotional medium, while the identified competitors come from outside the area of SME. These competitors can surely be a driver of good performance in running their business. Paper type: is categorized as a research paper
Covid-19 Effect on Business Performance SMMES Perspectives in a South African Context
Authors: Mkhonza Vukile Mlungisi , Sifolo Portia Pearl Siyanda
Published: December 2022

Purpose: There is lack of enough empirical and conceptual studies of business performance among Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs), not only in South Africa, but the African continent.

Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative study was conducted with the use of an online survey distributed to the sample of 169 participants who were SMME owners and management in Johannesburg CBD.

Findings: The results showed that most SMMEs owners used strategic planning techniques which helped improve their performance. Formalizing SMMEs strategic planning process and taking advantage of technology is imperative for business performance. However, these results were based on a single point in time; therefore,

longitudinal research will be able to provide new insight on how strategic planning can influence the performance of SMMEs.

Research limitations/implications: This research study sought to investigate the Small Micro Medium Enterprises (SMMEs)’ perspective on business performance during Covid-19 in Johannesburg Central District Municipality (CBD).

Practical implications: The research focused mainly on SMMEs operating in Johannesburg CBD

Paper type: Research Paper
Participation Ladder in Business Incubation Program
Authors: Utomo Priyo , Dharmawan Arif , Zakariya Zakariya , Handoko Rudy
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The government's efforts in developing the economy of low-income communities in the city of Surabaya require high participation support. The low community participation in the incubation facilitation program for independent businesses is a problem that needs a solution

Design/methodology/approach: The research method used is descriptive quantitative and case study methods. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The analysis technique uses inferential analysis and analysis of data characteristics.

Findings: The results of this study indicate that the novelty at the level of community participation is arranged into three steps, namely: Stairs 1 (Basic Need Participation), 2 (Learning Encouragement), and 3 (Participation for growth).

Paper type: Research paper
Analysis of the Level of Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Convenience of Using a Pedal Powered Water Pump for Irrigation Activities
Authors: Hatta Mochammad , Tjahjani Ida Kusnawati , Nurmawati Nurmawati
Published: December 2022

Purpose: Analyze the level of efficiency, effectiveness, and convenience of using a pedal-powered water pump for irrigation activities.

Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a qualitative approach by conducting interviews, observations, and documentation on farmers in Carat Village, Pasuruan Regency and conducting descriptive analysis of the data that has been collected.

Findings: The results show that the use of a pedal-powered water pump has various benefits, including efficiency, effectiveness, convenience for farmers, and other benefits.

Research limitation/implications: This research is limited to land that has the same geographical conditions

Practical implications: This research is limited to land that has the same geographical conditions.

Originality/value: This research is original

Paper type: Research paper