bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the pseudogap temperature dependence in YBa2Cu3O7–δ films under the influence of a magnetic field
Authors: Petrenko E. V. , Rogacki K. , Terekhov A. V. , Bludova L. V. , Kolesnichenko Yu. A. , Shytov N. V. , Sergeyev D. M. , Lähderanta E. , Solovjov A. L.
Published: April 2024

The evolution of the temperature dependence of the pseudogap Δ*(T) in optimally doped (OD) YBa2Cu3O7–δ (YBCO) films with the superconducting critical temperature Tc = 88.7 K under the influence of a magnetic field B has been studied in detail. It has been established that the shape of Δ*(T) for various B over the entire range from the pseudogap opening temperature T* to T01, below which superconducting fluctuations occur, has a wide maximum at the BEC-BCS crossover temperature Tpair, which is typical for OD films and untwinned YBCO single crystals. T* was shown to be independent on B, whereas Tpair shifts to the low-temperature region along with the increase in B, while the maximum value of Δ*(Tpair) remains practically constant regardless of B. It was revealed that as the field increases, the low-temperature maximum near the 3D-2D transition temperature T0 is blurred and disappears at B > 5 T. Moreover, above the Ginzburg temperature TG, which limits superconducting fluctuations from below, for B > 0.5 T, a minimum appears on Δ*(T) at Tmin, which becomes very pronounced with a further increase in B. As a result, the overall value of Δ*(T) decreases noticeably most likely due to the pair-breaking effect. A comparison of Δ*(T) near Tc with the Peters–Bauer theory shows that the density of fluctuating Cooper pairs actually decreases from ⟨n↑n↓⟩ ≈ 0.31 at B = 0 to ⟨n↑n↓⟩ ≈ 0.28 in the field of 8 T. The observed behavior of Δ*(T) around Tmin is assumed to be due to the influence of a two-dimensional vortex lattice created by the magnetic field, which prevents the formation of fluctuating Cooper pairs near Tc.
Strong zero modes and edge states in the interacting fermion chain without pairing
Authors: Zvyagin A. A.
Published: April 2024

The operator of the strong zero mode for the one-dimensional system of interacting fermions without pairing is presented. It is conjectured that the strong zero mode is related to the Majorana edge eigenstate, which is shown to exist (using the exact Bethe ansatz study) in this system. The results are robust with respect to the sign randomness of hopping amplitudes (and if the pairing amplitudes are nonzero, similar results exist for equal sign randomness of hopping and pairing amplitudes).
Effective cross-plane thermal conductivity of metal-dielectric multilayers at low temperatures
Authors: Bezuglyj A. I. , Mironenko I. V. , Shklovskij V. A.
Published: April 2024

Heat transfer in layered metal-dielectric structures is considered theoretically based on an analytical solution of the Boltzmann transfer equation for the phonon distribution function. Taking into account the size effect, the problem of effective cross-plane thermal conductivity of structures containing two metal layers is analyzed in detail. If the thickness of the metal layers is less than the phonon mean free path, interlayer heat transfer is carried out predominantly by phonons, and the effective cross-plane thermal conductivity is determined by the reflection of phonons from the metal/dielectric interfaces. In the opposite case of thick metal layers, the effective cross-plane thermal conductivity is determined both by the thermal conductivity of the metal layers and by the thermal resistance of the dielectric layers. The results obtained are generalized to multilayer structures and superlattices.
Comparative analysis of surface phase diagrams in aqueous environment: Implicit vs explicit solvation models
Authors: Yang Jing , Todorova Mira , Neugebauer Jörg
Published: April 2024

Identifying the stable surface phases under a given electrochemical conditions serves as the basis for studying the atomistic mechanism of reactions at solid/water interfaces. In this work, we systematically compare the performance of the two main approaches that are used to capture the impact of an aqueous environment, implicit and explicit solvent, on surface energies and phase diagrams. As a model system, we consider the magnesium/water interface with (i) Ca substitution and (ii) proton and hydroxyl adsorption. We show that while the implicit solvent model is computationally very efficient, it suffers from two shortcomings. First, the choice of the implicit solvent parameters significantly influences the energy landscape in the vicinity of the surface. The default parameters benchmarked on solvation in water underestimate the energy of the dissolved Mg ion and lead to spontaneous dissolution of the surface atom, resulting in large differences in the surface energetics. Second, in systems containing a charged surface and a solvated ion, the implicit solvent model may not converge to the energetically stable ionic charge state but remain in a high-energy metastable configuration, representing the neutral charge state of the ion. When these two issues are addressed, surface phase diagrams that closely match the explicit water results can be obtained. This makes the implicit solvent model highly attractive as a computationally-efficient surrogate model to compute surface energies and phase diagrams.
In biased and soft-walled channels: Insights into transport phenomena and damped modulation
Authors: Fan Wenyue , Hu Meng , Feng Lukun , Luo Xiao , Lu Yao , Bao Jingdong
Published: April 2024

The motion of a particle along a channel of finite width is known to be affected by either the presence of energy barriers or changes in the bias forces along the channel direction. By using the lateral equilibrium hypothesis, we have successfully derived the effective diffusion coefficient for soft-walled channels, and the diffusion is found to be influenced by the curvature profile of the potential. A typical phenomenon of diffusion enhancement is observed under the appropriate parameter conditions. We first discovered an anomalous phenomenon of quasi-periodic enhancement of oscillations, which cannot be captured by the one-dimensional effective potential, under the combination of sub-Ohmic damping with two-dimensional restricted channels. We innovatively develop the effective potential and the formation mechanism of velocity variance under super-Ohmic and ballistic damping, and meanwhile, ergodicity is of concern. The theoretical framework of a ballistic system can be reinterpreted through the folding acceleration theory. This comprehensive analysis significantly enhances our understanding of diffusion processes in constrained geometries.
Unmasking quantum effects in the surface thermodynamics of fluid nanodrops
Authors: Contreras Sergio , Martínez-Borquez Alejandro , Avendaño Carlos , Gil-Villegas Alejandro , Jackson George
Published: April 2024

The focus of our study is an in-depth investigation of the quantum effects associated with the surface tension and other thermodynamic properties of nanoscopic liquid drops. The behavior of drops of quantum Lennard-Jones fluids is investigated with path-integral Monte Carlo simulations, and the test-area method is used to determine the surface tension of the spherical vapor–liquid interface. As the thermal de Broglie wavelength, λB, becomes more significant, the average density of the liquid drop decreases, with the drop becoming mechanically unstable at large wavelengths. As a consequence, the surface tension is found to decrease monotonically with λB, vanishing altogether for dominant quantum interactions. Quantum effects can be significant, leading to values that are notably lower than the classical thermodynamic limit, particularly for smaller drops. For planar interfaces (with infinite periodicity in the direction parallel to the interface), quantum effects are much less significant with the same values of λB but are, nevertheless, consequential for values representative of hydrogen or helium-4 at low temperatures corresponding to vapor–liquid coexistence. Large quantum effects are found for small drops of molecules with quantum interactions corresponding to water, ethane, methanol, and carbon dioxide, even at ambient conditions. The notable decrease in the density and tension has important consequences in reducing the Gibbs free-energy barrier of a nucleating cluster, enhancing the nucleation kinetics of liquid drops and of bubble formation. This implies that drops would form at a much greater rate than is predicted by classical nucleation theory.
Photoionization cross sections measurements of the excited states of lutetium and ytterbium in the near threshold region
Authors: Zhang Zhenmei , Wang Zhicheng , Wang Qiaolin , Ma Xiaokang , Wang Zhixie , Hua Zefeng , Yao Guanxin , Yang Xinyan , Sun Zhongfa , Qin Zhengbo , Zheng Xianfeng
Published: April 2024

In this work, the threshold photoionization cross sections from the excited states of lutetium and ytterbium atoms were investigated by the laser pump–probe scheme under the condition of saturated resonant excitation. We obtained the resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization spectra of the lutetium and ytterbium atoms of the lanthanide metals in the range of 307.50–312.50 nm and 265.00–269.00 nm, respectively; the photoionization cross sections of the 5d6s(1D)6p(2D05/2) and 5d6s(3D)6p(2P01/2) states of lutetium and the 4f13(2F0)5d6s2(J = 1) states of ytterbium above threshold regions (0.4–1.6 eV) were measured, and measured values ranged from 2.3 ± 0.2 to 17.7 ± 1.5 Mb.
Wing design optimization and stall analysis with Co-flow Jet active control
Authors: Jiang Hao , Yao Weigang , Zheng Boda , Xu Min
Published: April 2024

Coupled with Co-flow Jet (CFJ) technology, the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II was utilized for the multi-objective combination optimization of an optimized Co-flow Jet wing, based on National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 6421. A high-precision numerical simulation using the delayed detached eddy simulation model was performed on the optimized wing to investigate the three-dimensional flow separation characteristics after static stall. The stall improvement was investigated by adjusting the momentum coefficient of the injection. The results show that the optimized wing exhibits significant improvements in aerodynamic performance and corrected aerodynamic efficiency. At an angle of attack of 10°, the average lift increased by 16.25% and the drag decreased by 27.23% compared to the CFJ6421 wing, while effectively addressing the problem of low modified aerodynamic efficiency of the CFJ wing at lower angles of attack. By utilizing higher momentum and improving the boundary layer control capability, flow separation is effectively suppressed, thus achieving the goal of stall recovery of the CFJ wing.
A cavity ringdown spectrometer for methane isotope analysis using a 1.65 µm distributed feedback diode laser with fiber optical feedback loop
Authors: Terabayashi Ryohei , Yoshida Fumiko , Kunimaru Takanori , Hasegawa Shuichi
Published: April 2024

The development of a 1.65 µm cavity ringdown methane spectrometer for methane isotope analysis is reported. In order to reduce the laser linewidth, simple optical feedback with an 11 m external fiber cavity using a retroreflector was implemented and it improved the sensitivity. The detection limit at the ppt level for both 12CH4 and 13CH4 concentrations at 100 Torr gas pressure was evaluated from the Allan–Werle plot calculated from the dataset obtained at the fixed laser frequency. In contrast, the detection limit estimated from the baseline noise on the absorption spectrum was a few ppb for both methane isotopologues due to the periodic background oscillations that remained even after baseline correction. The system demonstrated the direct measurement of ambient methane in atmospheric room air, and the estimated 13CH4 ratio as well as the methane concentration were in good agreement with the reference values of ambient air.
Optical spin hall effect in exciton–polariton condensates in lead halide perovskite microcavities
Authors: Xiang Bo , Li Yiliu , Spencer M. S. , Dai Yanan , Bai Yusong , Basov Dmitri N. , Zhu X.-Y.
Published: April 2024

An exciton–polariton condensate is a hybrid light–matter state in the quantum fluid phase. The photonic component endows it with characters of spin, as represented by circular polarization. Spin-polarization can form stochastically for quasi-equilibrium exciton–polariton condensates at parallel momentum vector k|| ∼ 0 from bifurcation or deterministically for propagating condensates at k|| > 0 from the optical spin-Hall effect (OSHE). Here, we report deterministic spin-polarization in exciton–polariton condensates at k|| ∼ 0 in microcavities containing methylammonium lead bromide perovskite (CH3NH3PbBr3) single crystals under non-resonant and linearly polarized excitation. We observe two energetically split condensates with opposite circular polarizations and attribute this observation to the presence of strong birefringence, which introduces a large OSHE at k|| ∼ 0 and pins the condensates in a particular spin state. Such spin-polarized exciton–polariton condensates may serve not only as circularly polarized laser sources but also as effective alternatives to ultracold atom Bose–Einstein condensates in quantum simulators of many-body spin–orbit coupling processes.
Drag reduction of the turbulent boundary layer over divergent sawtooth riblets surface with a superhydrophobic coat
Authors: Hu Jinge , Yao Zhaohui
Published: April 2024

Energy conservation and environmental protection have become pivotal components of the green economy. In recent years, underwater drag reduction technology has garnered significant interest. This study discusses a novel composite surface that combines divergent riblets with a superhydrophobic coating (D-rib&SHS) to enhance the drag reduction rate. Alongside this new surface, a riblet surface with a superhydrophobic coating (rib&SHS, without yaw angles) and a smooth surface are used as comparison groups. The turbulent boundary layer flow of these three surfaces is measured using a two-dimensional particle image velocimetry system. The results indicated that the maximum drag reduction rate of D-rib&SHS is approximately 27% higher than that of rib&SHS, and the drag reduction range is increased to Reθ≈4100 compared to rib&SHS (Reθ≈2200). Using correlation algorithms, it observed that the spacing between low-speed streaks over D-rib&SHS is larger than that of rib&SHS and the smooth surface. This finding suggested that the spacing between the hairpin vortex legs of D-rib&SHS is wider. The increased spacing between the hairpin vortex legs reduces the likelihood of vortex head formation between the two quasi-streamwise vortices, ultimately suppressing the auto-generation of hairpin vortices. Consequently, the development of hairpin vortex packets over D-rib&SHS is also inhibited. These phenomena observed over D-rib&SHS can be attributed to the combined effects of velocity slip on the superhydrophobic coating and the secondary flow over the divergent riblets near the wall. In addition, unlike divergent riblets that are not covered with a superhydrophobic coating, where the drag reduction effect is more pronounced with a yaw angle of 30° compared to 10°, D-rib&SHS with a 10° yaw angle demonstrated a superior drag reduction effect compared to D-rib&SHS with a 30° yaw angle. This innovative composite surface enhances the drag reduction effect and expands the drag reduction Reynolds number range, offering a new approach to mitigating drag in turbulent boundary layer flows.
Breathing in danger: Mapping microplastic migration in the human respiratory system
Authors: Riaz Hafiz Hamza , Lodhi Abdul Haseeb , Munir Adnan , Zhao Ming , Farooq Umar , Qadri M. Nafees Mumtaz , Islam Mohammad S.
Published: April 2024

The abundance of air pollutants over the last few years, including the concentration of microplastics, has become an alarming concern across the world. Initially discovered in marine life, these toxic and inflammatory particles have recently been found in human lung tissues. When inhaled, these harmful particles settle down in the lung airways and, over time, lead to respiratory failures. A recent study analyzed the microplastic transport behavior in the mouth–throat airways. However, the knowledge of the microplastic migration in bifurcating tracheobronchial airways is missing in the literature. Therefore, this first-ever study analyzes in detail the transport behavior and settling patterns of microplastic particles of different sizes and shapes at different respiratory intensities in the tracheobronchial lung airways. A numerical technique based on discrete phase modeling is employed to simulate the flow of microplastic particles in a three-dimensional realistic lung geometry. The numerical model results indicate low velocity and turbulence intensity magnitudes with smooth flow in the trachea compared to the airways of left and right lobes, which experience higher velocities and generate secondary vortices. Lower lung lobes are the deposition hotspots for the harmful microplastic particles at a lower flow rate. These hotspots shift to upper lung lobes at a higher flow rate for the same particle size. Moreover, microplastic particle size and shape influence the overall deposition rate in the tracheobronchial lung airways. The results of the current study, including microplastic accumulation regions at different breathing intensities, will contribute to the updated knowledge of pollutant inhalation and facilitate relevant treatment measures.
Phenomenological analysis of positive and negative electrocaloric effects in Rochelle salt
Authors: Li Junjie , Tao Chengdong , Xiong Zhe , Hou Yuxuan , Zhang Xing , Wu Wenjuan , Li Lezhong , Bai Yang
Published: April 2024

Ferroelectrics exhibiting both positive and negative electrocaloric effects stand out as promising materials for achieving high-efficiency solid-state refrigeration. The phase transition is acknowledged as a crucial factor in designing such materials. This study investigates the electrocaloric behavior and its correlation with phase transitions in Rochelle salt single crystal using Landau thermodynamic theory. Analysis of free energy density, ferroelectric, and dielectric data uncovers a complex temperature-dependent phase transition sequence of paraelectric–ferroelectric–paraelectric. This imparts Rochelle salt single crystal with intriguing field-induced phase transition behaviors and electrocaloric responses. Pronounced positive and negative electrocaloric effects are, respectively, observed near the high-temperature and low-temperature Curie point. The opposite sign of entropy differences between the ferroelectric and the two paraelectric phases is identified as the origin of the difference in electrocaloric response. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the electrocaloric effect but also provide a design solution for materials with the coexistence of positive and negative electrocaloric effects.
Broadband infrared polarizer of graphene wire grids with flat PER curves
Authors: Qi Jinlin , Zhou Yaodong , Xu Yichen , Deng Qingyan , Liu Kaihui , Xu Xiaozhi , Zhou Xu
Published: April 2024

Since 2004, the flourishing two-dimensional graphene has sparked extensive research on graphene-based optical and optoelectronic devices with high performance due to its ultra-fast photoelectric response, broadband, and tunable optical response. However, up until now, graphene-based wire grid polarizers have not been demonstrated to perform excellent characteristics with flat polarization extinction ratio (PER) curves, while they all exhibited narrow peak-shaped working bands. Here, we propose a broadband polarizer based on graphene wire grids with a flat PER curve of up to ∼84.5 dB in the ultrawide range of 1–10 μm. In the range of <4 μm, the graphene wire grid polarizer exhibits a strong plasmon resonance effect and outputs a linear-polarized state. Its performance is closely related to carrier density that is tuned by the Fermi level (EF) and thickness of graphene.
Enhanced vertical piezoelectricity in nano-switch diamane structures by super-dipole-moment effect
Authors: Shang Xiao , Zhang He-Na , Liu Si-Tong , Tang Dai-Song , He Qi-Wen , Wang Jun-Hui , Zhu Dan-Yang , Liu Fu-Chun , Wang Xiao-Chun
Published: April 2024

The lack of the vertical piezoelectricity and the corresponding internal physical mechanism of diamanes limit their applications in the piezoelectric field. The vertical piezoelectricity of the diamane doped with Si/Ge atoms is studied systematically by the first principles calculation. These monolayer diamanes can be regarded as the vertical piezoelectric nano-switches with a moderate barrier. Based on the 25 kinds of monolayers' data, the super-dipole-moment effect is found as the internal mechanism of larger vertical piezoelectricity based on the ordered phase of Born effective charges. It may deepen the understanding of the internal physical mechanism about the piezoelectricity.
Weak ferromagnetism and magnetoelectric coupling in van der Waals antiferromagnet MnPSe3
Authors: Zhang J. H. , Lin L. , Zheng S. H. , Chen P. Z. , Huang L. , Zhou G. Z. , Zhai W. J. , Yu F. , Yu B. , Cui X. M. , Liu M. F. , Tang Y. S. , Yan Z. B. , Liu J.-M.
Published: April 2024

With the discovery of two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism in van der Waals (vdW) materials, there has been significant interest in 2D multiferroics. Herein, we report the occurrence of weak ferromagnetism and magnetoelectricity in vdW antiferromagnet MnPSe3 single crystals. Our results demonstrate that MnPSe3 undergoes an antiferromagnetic transition at the Néel temperature TN = 70 K with weak ferromagnetism along the [1–10] direction. Detailed magnetoelectric (ME) data show that MnPSe3 exhibits a linear ME tensor αij with nine nonzero components. Additionally, a magnetically induced electric polarization as large as 98.5 μC/m2 is observed along the [110] direction, with a ME coefficient of 13.5 ps/m at 10 K for a magnetic field of 9 T applied along the [110] direction. Importantly, we discuss our experiments based on symmetry and microscopic analysis, thereby suggesting that the spin-dependent p-d hybridization mechanism plays an important role in the emergence of magnetic-field-induced ferroelectricity. Hence, our findings provide insights for exploring the ME coupling in vdW materials.
Nonlinear vibration characteristics of axially moving anisotropic membrane with gas-thermal-elastic coupling
Authors: Shao Mingyue , Xing Xiaoqing , Wu Jimei , Wu Qiumin , Zhao Xingshui , Qing Jiajuan
Published: April 2024

In the actual printing production process, the printing electronic motion membrane is susceptible to transverse vibration caused by interference from air drag, temperature changes, and other external conditions, resulting in membrane wrinkles, slippage, and other phenomena in the transmission process. We studied the bifurcation and chaos movement properties of anisotropic membranes under air drag and temperature. According to D’Alembert’s theory and von Kármán’s principle, the nonlinear dynamic differential formulas of axially moving anisotropic membranes with gas-thermal-elastic coupling are established. The Galerkin method is applied to discretize the formulas to obtain the state equation of the system. Finally, numerical simulations are performed by applying the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method to analyze the bifurcation and chaos of the system in terms of orthotropic coefficient, dimensionless air drags, and dimensionless temperature. The bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent diagrams, displacement time-history diagrams, phase-trajectory plane diagrams, and Poincaré diagrams of the membrane system are obtained. The results show that the anisotropic coefficient, dimensionless air drag, and dimensionless temperature significantly impact the investigated nonlinear dynamic of the anisotropic membrane, which provides a theoretical basis for production efficiency and high-quality printing equipment.
Dynamic strain coupling driven by structural phase transition in mixed-dimensional 2H-MoS2/VO2 van der Waals heterointerfaces
Authors: Li Wanyu , He Lanping , Jiang Yang , Yao Yijun , Chen Meixia , Ge Weifeng , Zhu Zhifeng , Cheng Sheng , Tan Cheng , Yang Yuanjun , Wang Lan
Published: April 2024

Mixed-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, integrated two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals with three-dimensional (3D) functional materials, offer a powerful means to manipulating physical properties and generating unprecedented functionalities. Understanding interfacial couplings at those hetero (homo)-interfaces is indispensable for exploring new optical and electronic devices. Herein, we investigated dynamically phase-transition-driven strain coupling across a vdW heterointerface through integrating 2D layered 2H-MoS2 nanoflakes onto 3D phase-change VO2 epitaxial thin films. The Raman peak positions of the in-plane and out-of-plane vibration modes E2g1 and A1g from the 2H-MoS2 nanoflakes show a phonon softening and reversible hysteresis loop as a function of temperature in this mixed-dimensional vdW 2H-MoS2/(1¯11)-VO2/(11¯02)-Al2O3 heterostructure, originating from the co-action of temperature-dependent anharmonicity in 2H-MoS2 and reversible structural phase transition (SPT)-induced in-plane tensile strain from the VO2 thin film. Accordingly, the integrated Raman scattering intensity of these two feature peaks of the 2H-MoS2 nanoflakes increased (decreased) as the temperature increased (decreased), exhibiting a hysteresis loop in the SPT and metal–insulator transition region of VO2. Additionally, the peak integrated intensity enhancement ratio of the E2g1 and A1g vibration modes was approximately 2.3 and 2.8, respectively. These results indicate that the dynamically SPT-driven in-plane tensile strain from the bottom VO2 layer interfacially couples with the adjacent 2H-MoS2 nanoflakes and results in a reduction in the electronic transition energy, leading to an enhancement in the Raman scattering intensity of 2H-MoS2. Our work holds promise for dynamic strain control of lattice dynamics and electron–phonon interaction of 2D materials for functional electronic and photoelectronic devices.
Epitaxial AlN film with improved quality on Si (111) substrates realized by boron pretreatment via MOCVD
Authors: Nong Mingtao , Liao Che-Hao , Tang Xiao , Cao Haicheng , Liu Tingang , Cortez Patsy A. Miranda , Chettri Dhanu , García Glen Isaac Maciel , Li Xiaohang
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the growth of AlN epitaxial films on 2-in. Si(111) via metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. By introducing triethylboron (TEB) during trimethylaluminum pretreatment, a nearly crack free AlN epilayer with a thickness of 500 nm was acquired. The x-ray diffraction rocking curves of AlN (002) and (102) exhibited full width at half maximum values of 0.22° and 0.36°, respectively. Atomic force microscopy image analysis showed that after the introduction of TEB, larger grains appeared on the surface of Si(111) substrate, promoting the 3D growth pattern of the subsequent AlN buffer layer. Laytec reflection curves depicted the morphological transition from 3D to 2D growth mode during AlN deposition. At the same time, the curvature value was significantly reduced by 20 km−1, and the Raman spectrum peak of E2(high) shifted from 648.7 to 652.5 cm−1, indicating that the surface tensile stress was greatly reduced, effectively suppressing the crack problem of AlN on Si(111).
Manifestations of Jinghpaw influence among Rawang speakers
Authors: LaPolla Randy J. , Kurabe Keita
Published: April 2024

Rawang and Jinghpaw, while both considered part of the larger Kachin ethnic group, are not seen to be closely
related, though both retain proto-Tibeto-Burman forms relatively well. But as essentially all Rawang speakers speak Jinghpaw,
there are a lot of loan words from Jinghpaw in Rawang, and there is also some commonality in the structures. This paper looks at
the domains in which we find many loanwords and their paths into Rawang, and certain grammatical structures that seem to be either
direct loans from Jinghpaw into Rawang, or could be calques on Jinghpaw structures. One such pattern is an adverbial phrase with a
reduplicated adverb plus a light verb. There are also two nominalisation constructions that are relatively transparent loans from
Jinghpaw.
Exploring normal vs. service translators’ orientation in rendering
realia in The Holy Qur’an
Authors: Afrouz Mahmoud
Published: April 2024

Realia has always been thought of as a great challenge for
translators. The native language and cultural background of a translator can be
a factor potentially affecting the selection of equivalents and translation
procedures. This paper aims to explore whether being a normal or a service
translator would have any effect on adopting source- or target-oriented
translation procedures. ‘Service translators’ are those who translate into a
foreign language, while ‘normal translators’ are those who translate into their
mother language. In other words, normal translators should be target-language
native translators. The corpus includes the realia extracted from The
Holy Qur’an and its four English translations by two service
translators (Abdel-Haleem 2005 and
Starkovsky 2005) and two normal
translators (Arberry 1955 and Abu Nasr 1985). The data were analyzed
on the basis of Liang’s (2016) model.
Findings revealed that the normal translators showed a slightly greater tendency
(1%) towards source-oriented procedures than the service translators. On the
other hand, target-oriented procedures adopted by the service translators
exceeded those of the normal translators by 0.50%.
Eye-tracking the processing of visual input of live transcripts in
remote simultaneous interpreting
Authors: Yuan Lu , Wang Binhua
Published: April 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic has led to the booming of remote
simultaneous interpreting (RSI), which poses new cognitive challenges for
interpreters. This study explores how interpreters adapt to these challenges,
specifically the functionality of live transcripts generated automatically by Zoom
Meetings in RSI. The study aims to: (1) investigate whether access to live
transcripts enhances the overall performance of interpreters; (2) explore
whether RSI with live transcripts increases cognitive demands; (3) identify
visual attention patterns in RSI with live transcripts. A group of professional
interpreting trainees (N = 13) were recruited for the study to
examine their interpreting with live transcripts and interpreting without live
transcripts, which yields three preliminary findings: Firstly, using live
transcripts significantly improves overall interpreting performance. Secondly,
RSI with live transcripts is more cognitively demanding. Lastly, live
transcripts attract the highest visual attention during the interpreting
process.
Towards cultivating plurilingual selves in early-years foreign language learning
Authors: Maad Mohamed Ridha Ben
Published: April 2024

Although plurilingualism has been extensively researched in the area of foreign-language education and identity
formation, no such effort has been equally documented outside the European context. In view of this disparity, the present article
focuses on this research area in a context where the mainstream language learning experience ascribes only peripheral importance
to the transformational value accentuated by pluringual pedagogies. It is accordingly believed that these alternative pedagogical
initiatives, such as the awakening to languages approach, language learning is a space where youngsters undergo intellectual,
affective, and attitudinal transformations. The article reports on three studies with different methodological courses, yet all
subsumed under the framework of awakening 5-to 8-year-old children to foreign languages. Both quantitative and qualitative
results, reported from this experimental triad, attested to the emergence and development of the plurilingual
self as a form of identity that is well receptive to intercultural diversity. Aside from the empirical
substance accentuating the plurilingual self as a researchable concept, the present findings would give substance
to the voices for reshuffling priorities in the early foreign language learning agenda.
Experimental study of the influence of O2 content on electrical and optical characteristics of He/CF4 APPJ
Authors: Wang Lijun , Zhao Huan , Liu Jie , Li Wei
Published: April 2024

CF4 is an important source of reactive F-containing species (RFS) so that it is used to mix with inert gas as the working gas of atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) for material surface fluoridation modification. The addition of a small amount of O2 can increase the density of RFS in He/CF4 APPJ. Therefore, the hydrodynamic, electrical and optical properties of He/CF4/O2 APPJ interacting with the dielectric are experimentally investigated in this paper. Meanwhile, the influence of the excitation source on plasma discharge is discussed in detail and the internal mechanism of the experimental phenomenon in this paper is analyzed using the simulation results based on the model established in the previous paper. It is found that the addition of a small amount of O2 can increase the intensity and accelerate the axial propagation speed of He/CF4 APPJ due to the low ionization energy of O2 and the increase of the Penning ionization between metastable He and O2. With the increase of O2 content, the stability of the discharge is gradually enhanced due to the electron attachment reaction of O2 and the position of the primary current pulse in each half voltage cycle gradually approaches the position of the peak voltage because the increase in O2 content raises the breakdown threshold in dielectric barrier discharge region. In the presence of downstream dielectric, the addition of 0.1%O2 does not significantly change the radial development radius of APPJ due to the higher electron attachment rate and electron collision excitation loss power. The discharge pulse intensity is generally reduced compared to the absence of dielectric and the glow discharge in the strict sense no longer exists. The continuous spectrum intensity of RFS increases with the addition of a small amount of O2 while decreases significantly when O2 content is too high.
Tunable electronic, transport, and optical properties of fluorine- and hydrogen-passivated two-dimensional Ga2O3 by uniaxial strain
Authors: Zeng H , Wu M , Ma C , Fu X , Gao H
Published: April 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have shown great prospects for future-oriented optoelectronic applications, whereas the applications of conventional 2D materials are significantly impeded by their low electron mobility (⩽200 cm2 V−1 s−1). In this work, strain-mediated fluorine- and hydrogen-passivated 2D Ga2O3 systems (FGa2O3H) have been explored via using first-principles calculations with the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerh and Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof functionals. Our results reveal a considerable high electron mobility of FGa2O3H up to 4863.05 cm2 V−1 s−1 as the uniaxial tensile strain reaches 6%, which can be attributed to the enhanced overlapping of wave functions and bonding features. Overall, when applying uniaxial strain monotonously along the a(b) direction from compressive to tensile cases, the bandgaps of 2D FGa2O3H increase initially and then decrease, which originates from the changes of σ* anti-bonding in the conduction band minimum and π bonding states in the valence band maximum accompanying the lengthening Ga–O bonds. Additionally, when the tensile strain is larger than 8%, the stronger π bonding at the G point leads to an indirect-to-direct transition. Besides the highest electron mobility observed in n-type doped 2D FGa2O3H with 6% tensile strain, the electrical conductivity is enhanced and further elevated as the temperature increases from 300 K to 800 K. The variations of the absorption coefficient in the ultraviolet region are negligible with increasing tensile strain from 0% to 6%, which sheds light on its applications in high-power optoelectronic devices.
Spatial shaping of low- and high-order harmonics generated using vortex beams
Authors: Reddy Andra Naresh Kumar , Kim Vyacheslav V , Kärcher Victor , Zacharias Helmut , Bundulis Arturs , Sarakovskis Anatolijs , Atvars Aigars , Ubelis Arnolds , Ganeev Rashid A
Published: April 2024

We demonstrate the generation of the low- and high-order harmonic vortex beams from a single spiral phase plate illuminated by different laser wavelengths. The second harmonic (532 nm) originates from the application of the wavefront-structured 1064 nm femtosecond pulses with fractional orbital angular momentum (OAM) during propagation through a lithium triborate crystal, while the third harmonic (500 nm) originates from the application of the wavefront-structured near-IR (1500 nm) femtosecond pulses with integer OAM during propagation through a 150 μm thick fused silica plate. The topological charges (TCs) of the second and third harmonics are measured and compared. The increase in TC and the peculiarities in OAM variations during modification of the polarisation of the incident radiation are analysed and discussed. The two-colour-pump-driven second-harmonic vortex radiation interacted with an Ar gas jet to generate vortex harmonics up to the 14th order with double-lobe complex spatial profiles in the extreme ultraviolet region.
A bearing surface defect detection method based on multi-attention mechanism Yolov8
Authors: Ding Pengcheng , Zhan Hongfei , Yu Junhe , Wang Rui
Published: April 2024

Surface defects in bearings not only affect the appearance but also impact the service life and performance. Therefore, it is imperative for bearing manufacturers to conduct quality inspections before bearings leave the factory. However, traditional visual inspection methods exhibit shortcomings such as high omission rates, insufficient feature fusion and oversized models when dealing with multiple target defects in bearings. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a surface defect detection method for bearings based on an improved Yolov8 algorithm (G-Yolov8). Firstly, a C3Ghost convolutional module based on the Ghost module is constructed in YOLOv8 to simplify model computational costs. Secondly, a global attention mechanism module is designed at the end of the backbone network to increase sensitivity to implicit small target area features and optimize feature extraction efficiency. Subsequently, a deep deformable convolution feature pyramid network is constructed by introducing the deformable convolutional networks version 2 (DCNv2) and the lightweight content-aware reassembly of features upsampling operator to reduce sampling information loss and improve the fusion of multi-scale target defects. Finally, different attention mechanisms are embedded in the detection network to construct a multi-attention detection head to replace the decoupled head, refining classification and localization tasks, reducing feature confusion, and improving the model’s detection accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved algorithm achieves a 3.5% increase in mean average precision on a self-made small-scale train bearing surface defect dataset, with a 17.3% reduction in model size. This improvement not only enhances accuracy but also addresses the requirement for lightweight deployment in subsequent stages.
One-pot synthesis of NiCo-phyllosilicate supported on zeolite for enhanced degradation of antibiotic contaminants
Authors: Zhou Yutao , Sun Qing , Yu Jiale , Zhang Jian , Sheng Jiawei
Published: April 2024

The overuse of antibiotics currently results in the presence of various antibiotics being detected in water bodies, which poses potential risks to human health and the environment. Therefore, it is highly significant to remove antibiotics from water. In this study, we developed novel rod-like NiCo-phyllosilicate hybrid catalysts on calcined natural zeolite (NiCo@C-zeolite) via a facile one-pot process. The presence of the zeolite served as both a silicon source and a support, maintaining a high specific surface area of the NiCo@C-zeolite. Remarkably, NiCo@C-zeolite exhibited outstanding catalytic performance in antibiotic degradation under PMS activation. Within just 5 min, the degradation rate of metronidazole (MNZ) reached 96.14%, ultimately achieving a final degradation rate of 99.28%. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of catalyst dosage, PMS dosage, MNZ concentration, initial pH value, and various inorganic anions on the degradation efficiency of MNZ. The results demonstrated that NiCo@C-zeolite displayed outstanding efficacy in degrading MNZ under diverse conditions and maintained a degradation rate of 94.86% at 60 min after three consecutive cycles of degradation. Free radical quenching experiments revealed that SO•−
4 played a significant role in the presence of NiCo@C-zeolite-PMS system. These findings indicate that the novel rod-like NiCo-phyllosilicate hybrid catalysts had excellent performance in antibiotic degradation.
A lightweight deep learning approach for detecting electrocardiographic lead misplacement
Authors: Huang Yangcheng , Wang Mingjie , Li Yi-Gang , Cai Wenjie
Published: April 2024

Objective. Electrocardiographic (ECG) lead misplacement can result in distorted waveforms and amplitudes, significantly impacting accurate interpretation. Although lead misplacement is a relatively low-probability event, with an incidence ranging from 0.4% to 4%, the large number of ECG records in clinical practice necessitates the development of an effective detection method. This paper aimed to address this gap by presenting a novel lead misplacement detection method based on deep learning models. Approach. We developed two novel lightweight deep learning model for limb and chest lead misplacement detection, respectively. For limb lead misplacement detection, two limb leads and V6 were used as inputs, while for chest lead misplacement detection, six chest leads were used as inputs. Our models were trained and validated using the Chapman database, with an 8:2 train-validation split, and evaluated on the PTB-XL, PTB, and LUDB databases. Additionally, we examined the model interpretability on the LUDB databases. Limb lead misplacement simulations were performed using mathematical transformations, while chest lead misplacement scenarios were simulated by interchanging pairs of leads. The detection performance was assessed using metrics such as accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and Macro F1-score. Main results. Our experiments simulated three scenarios of limb lead misplacement and nine scenarios of chest lead misplacement. The proposed two models achieved Macro F1-scores ranging from 93.42% to 99.61% on two heterogeneous test sets, demonstrating their effectiveness in accurately detecting lead misplacement across various arrhythmias. Significance. The significance of this study lies in providing a reliable open-source algorithm for lead misplacement detection in ECG recordings. The source code is available at https://github.com/wjcai/ECG_lead_check.
Tuning charge density wave of kagome metal ScV6Sn6
Authors: Yi Changjiang , Feng Xiaolong , Kumar Nitesh , Felser Claudia , Shekhar Chandra
Published: April 2024

Compounds with a kagome lattice exhibit intriguing properties and the charge density wave (CDW) adds an additional layer of interest to research on them. In this study, we investigate the temperature and magnetic field dependent electrical properties under a chemical substitution and hydrostatic pressure of ScV6Sn6, a non-magnetic CDW compound. Substituting 5% Cr at the V site or applying 1.5 GPa of pressure shifts the CDW from 92 K to ∼ 50 K. This shift is attributed to the movement of the imaginary phonon band, as revealed by the phonon dispersion relation. The longitudinal and Hall resistivities respond differently under these stimuli. The magnetoresistance (MR) retains its quasilinear behavior under pressure, but it becomes quadratic after Cr substitution. The anomalous Hall-like behavior of the parent compound persists up to the respective CDW transition under pressure, after which it decreases sharply. In contrast, the longitudinal and Hall resistivities of Cr substituted compounds follow a two-band model and originate from the multi carrier effect. These results clearly highlight the role of phonon contributions in the CDW transition and call for further investigation into the origin of the anomalous Hall-like behavior in the parent compound.
DFT combined to Boltzmann transport theory for optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties investigations for Se (4 & 8 (at.%)) doped Li2SnS3
Authors: Aamer Muhammad , Azam Sikander , Jawad Muhammad , Kanwal Sidra , Khan M Tahir , Mahmood Asif , Khan Wilayat , Rahman Amin Ur
Published: April 2024

Cubic Li2SnS3 emerges as a noteworthy ionic conductor and a viable electrode material for lithium secondary batteries. Its application extends to solar cell technologies, owing to its commendable optoelectronic properties and high-power conversion efficiency. In this study, we present density functional theory (DFT)-based first principles calculations for Li2SnS3-xSex (x = 0, 4, and 8% (atomic percent (at.%)) utilizing the modified Becke Johnson (mBJ) approximations, proposing a compelling alternative. Our investigation reveals significant optical absorption in the ultraviolet region for Li2SnS3-xSex (x = 0, 4, and 8%), accompanied by modest effective mass and indirect band gaps of 2.18 eV for the pristine material. Conversely, doped materials exhibit direct band gaps, with values of 2.113 eV for 4% and 2.026 eV for 8%. Furthermore, the calculated thermoelectric power factor underscores the potential and efficacy of Li2SnS3-xSex in thermoelectric energy devices. The findings not only highlight the material’s promise for solar applications but also underscore its candidacy as a novel solid-state electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. This stems from its robust thermal stability and notable lithium-ion conductivity, positioning Li2SnS3 as a compelling candidate for advanced energy storage technologies.
Multiple firing patterns, energy conversion and hardware implementation within Hindmarsh-Rose-improved neuron model
Authors: Yan Shaohui , Jiang Jiawei , Zhang Yuyan , Zheng Bian , Zhan Hanbing , Jiang Defeng
Published: April 2024

The transmission of information between neurons is accomplished in living organisms through synapses. The memristor is an electronic component that simulates the tunability of the strength of biological synaptic connections in artificial neural networks. This article constructs a novel type of locally active memristor and verifies by nonlinear theoretical analysis, locally active analysis and circuit simulation. The designed memristor is simulated as a biological autapse of Hindmarsh-Rose(HR) neuron to obtain the improved HR neuron model of memristive autapse, and the Hamilton energy is obtained according to Helmholtz theorem. By varying the external forcing current and the memristive autapse strength, this article analyses the changes of the Hamilton energy and explores its self-excited and hidden firing behavior. The analog circuit simulation and digital circuit implementation of the HR model confirm the consistency between the mathematical model and the actual behavior, which can advance the field of neuroscience and artificial intelligence.
Master symmetries of non-linear systems
Authors: Serwa Nitin
Published: April 2024

We explore new symmetries in two-component third-order Burgers’ type systems in (1+1)-dimension using Wang’s

O

-scheme. We also find a master symmetry for a (2+1)-dimensional Davey-Stewartson type system. These results shed light on the behavior of these equations and help us understand their integrability properties. Our approach offers a practical method for identifying symmetries, contributing to the study of integrable systems in mathematics and physics.