bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trimodal Cell Tracking In Vivo: Combining Iron- and Fluorine-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Magnetic Particle Imaging to Monitor the Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Ensuing Inflammation
Authors: Sehl Olivia C. , Makela Ashley V. , Hamilton Amanda M. , Foster Paula J.
Published: December 2019

The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is limited, as many cells undergo apoptosis following administration. In addition, the attraction of immune cells (predominately macrophages) to the site of implantation can lead to MSC rejection. We implemented a trimodal imaging technique to monitor the fate of transplanted MSCs and infiltrating macrophages in vivo. MSCs were labeled with an iron oxide nanoparticle (ferumoxytol) and then implanted within the hind limb muscle of 10 C57BI/6 mice. Controls received unlabeled MSCs (n = 5). A perfluorocarbon agent was administered intravenously for uptake by phagocytic macrophages in situ; 1 and 12 days later, the ferumoxytol-labeled MSCs were detected by proton (1H) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic particle imaging (MPI). Perfluorocarbon-labeled macrophages were detected by fluorine-19 (19F) MRI. 1H/19F MRI was acquired on a clinical scanner (3 T) using a dual-tuned surface coil and balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence. The measured volume of signal loss and MPI signal declined over 12 days, which is consistent with the death and clearance of iron-labeled MSCs. 19F signal persisted over 12 days, suggesting the continuous infiltration of perfluorocarbon-labeled macrophages. Because MPI and 19F MRI signals are directly quantitative, we calculated estimates of the number of MSCs and macrophages present over time. The presence of MSCs and macrophages was validated with histology following the last imaging session. This is the first study to combine the use of iron- and fluorine-based MRI with MPI cell tracking.
Gastric Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: GAMSIZKAN Mehmet , TORUN Serkan , DOĞAN Sami
Published: December 2019

Gastric squamous cell carcinoma is rarely seen and affects mostly elder patients. A 78-year-old woman presented with nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and epigastric pain. There was an ulcero-vegetative mass in the posterior area from the large curvature to the antrum in the endoscopic examination. The gastroesophageal junction and cardia were also normal. We performed a diagnostic endoscopic biopsy. Histopathologically, it was composed of atypical squamous cells displaying infiltrating solid nests in a desmoplastic stroma. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells also showed positivity for p40 and p63 and negativity for CEA. Besides, there was no radiological evidence of metastasis from other organs. We herein presented a case of gastric squamous cell carcinoma and discussed its clinical and morphological features with the literature.
A Model of an Advanced Communication System for Transmitting Space Monitoring Information to the Ground Control Complex for Reception and Processing of Information
Authors: Panteleymonov I.N. , Filatov V.V. , Aleshin V.S. , Panteleymonova A.V. , Kornienko V.I.
Published: December 2019

The technology of data transmission from spacecraft of remote sensing of the Earth to reception points on the ground has certain disadvantages such as the inability to quickly receive remote sens-ing data and the need to store large amounts of information on board. The technology of data re-transmission from remote sensing satellites through geostationary satellites retransmitters Luch to the reception points on the ground has the following disadvantages: the inability to quickly receive data when the remote sensing spacecraft is in the central part of the Western Hemisphere and the need for early planning of retransmission sessions. The article presents advanced concepts of com-munication organization and algorithms for establishing connections between the spacecraft and the point of data reception and transmission via a geostationary satellite repeater. The concepts are based on the following modern technologies: the availability of inter-satellite communication lines between geostationary satellites retransmitters that transforms this segment of communication net-work into a transport digital network for data transmission; the application of network technology for data flow routing that enables data transmission in an automatic mode; the application of auto-matic technology for establishing connections between remote sensing satellites and geostationary satellites retransmitters that transforms the ground reception point into a subscriber of the transport digital network by analogy with mobile network.
Genetic Parameters for Pre-Weaning Litter Traits in Heterogeneous Population of Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Raised in the Humid Tropics
Authors: Adeolu A I , Okoleh V.U Oleforuh , Mathew W , Onyeneke R U , Nwose R N , Isu Oko , Ogbuagu K P
Published: December 2019

Data from 302 progeny in a heterogeneous population of rabbits were used to estimate the heritability and correlations (phenotypic and genetic) of pre-weaning litter traits (litter size at birth LSB, litter size at weaning LSW, litter weight birth LWB, litter weight at weaning LWW, kit weight birth KWB, and kit weight weaning KWW). Heritability estimates for litter size ranged from 0.16 (LSW) to 0.22 (LSB). LWB and LWW were more highly heritable (0.52 and 0.55 respectively) than KWB and KWW (0.36 and 0.25 respectively). The genetic (rG ) and phenotypic (rP) correlations between litter size and litter weight at birth and weaning were 0.69 to 0.88 (rG) and 0.28 to 0.88 (rP). Generally, litter traits gave higher estimates than individual kit traits implying that selection criteria based on litter performance rather than on individual kit performance should be applied in genetic improvement of pre-weaning traits in rabbits raised in derived savanna zone.
Microsatellite DNA Markers and Their Correlation with Body Traits in Landrace, Duroc and Henan Western Black Pigs
Authors: Yang You Bing , Bian Jun Ping , Pang You Zhi , Lei Ying
Published: December 2019

Twelve microsatellite loci were selected from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to examine the genetic structure and relationship between microsatellite DNA and body traits including height, back height, body length, chest width, chest depth, head Length, Ear area, and forehead width. Twelve microsatellite loci analyzed were polymorphic in Landrace, Duroc and Henan Western Black Pigs. The total number of alleles found for the twelve microsatellite loci amounted to 150.The average expected heterozygositie ranged from 0.1287 to 0.8301 among twelve loci, and the average polymorphic information content ranged from 0.1168 to 0.7894. The results of cluster analysis showed that the genetic distance between Henan Western Black Pigs and Duroc was least 0.1414. Microsatellite loci of SW72 were significantly associated with back height and chest depth (plessthan0.05), while SO002 were significantly associated with chest depth and head Length (plessthan0.05). Finally, the results showed that Henan Western Black Pigs has a high level of genetic polymorphism and genetic differentiation. Cluster analysis shows that the relationship between Black Pigs and Duroc is closer. These were significantly associated with body traits in five microsatellite loci, including SW72, SO002, SW632, SO090 and SW1828 (plessthan0.05). These results provided scientific reference for the further cultivation and utilization of black pigs.
Teratological Effect of Indoxacarb on Chick Embryos (Gallus gallus domesticus)
Authors: Abbas Safeer , Iqbal Razia , Haleem Sumbal , Niaz Sadaf , Ullah Riaz , Shahat Abdelaaty A. , Naser Fahd A , Bari Ahmad
Published: December 2019

The present study was designed to assess the teratological effects of Indoxacarb on chick embryos (Gallus gallus domesticus) by administering different doses of commercial Indoxacarb (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5ml/1000ml/egg, in three experimental groups B, C and D) injected into the yolk sac of eggs before incubation. Embryos were recovered at day 12 of incubation. The mortality rate gradually increased from lower to higher doses. A total of twelve morphometric parameters viz., wet body weight, crown rump length, anterior posterior head diameter, eye diameter, beak length, neck length, humerus length, radius and ulna length, metacarpus length, femur length, fibula length and metatarsus length were recorded and compared with control group. These quantitative parameters indicated significant plessthan0.05) decrease in all treated groups compared to control group. While the qualitative anomalies such as microcephaly, hydrocephaly, edematous swelling, hematoma formation, abnormal body coloration, anophthalmia, microphthalmia, deformed beak, agnathia, wry neck, micromelia, amelia, omphalocele and ectopia cardis were also recorded in treated groups as compared to untreated groups. Therefore, it is concluded that Indoxacarb has potentially harmful effects on the development of avian embryos even at very low dose concentration. Hence, due to toxicity of this pesticide it must be used with utmost caution.
Molecular analysis of oncogenicity associated gene “vIL8” of serotype 1 Marek’s disease virus isolates from India
Authors: Suresh P , Rajeswar J Johnson , Sukumar. K , Harikrishnan T J , Srinivasan P
Published: December 2019

This study was undertaken to characterize the oncogenicity associated vIL8 (viral interleukin-8) gene at molecular level for three serotype 1 Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV) field isolates recovered from vaccinated poultry flocks. The prime aim was to generate nucleotide sequence data for important oncogenicity associated vIL8 gene of MDV1 which is very much lacking in India. Eighty six blood samples were collected from 15 commercial layer and broiler breeder farms. Isolation was done in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEF) and vIL8 gene was amplified by Polymerization Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The isolates were shown to have a homology of 99.8-100 per cent within themselves and 94.6-95.1 per cent with various isolates of China and 96.6 – 99.5 per cent with other isolates of USA for vIL8 gene. Alignment analysis of the nucleotide sequences had shown nucleotide mutations at three different positions and displayed perfect regularity. Phylogenetic analysis of vIL8 sequence of three isolates and other six reference strains showed that the analyzed nine MDVs could be distinctly separated into two clusters. The study revealed that the field isolates of serotype 1 MDVs circulating in vaccinated flocks had been shown to have consistent mutations in different positions in vIL8 gene.
Investigation of social skill levels seen in high school students from different variables
Authors: Gokalp Murat
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study is to examine the social anxiety scale for high school students (ESKO) in terms of psychometric properties. The research has been studied on 200 students in total in the academic year of 2017â€“2018 in Samsun Sema Cengiz BÃ¼berci Technical and Vocational High School, Samsun Canik Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School and Samsun Gazi Anatolian High School. The ESCT consists of three sub-scales: fear of negative evaluation (ODK), social avoidance and unrest in general situations (G-SKHD) and social avoidance and unrest in new situations (Y-SKHD). When the findings were examined, there was no significant difference between adolescents' gender, age group, number of siblings, mother's education status, mother's profession, mother's self or stepmother, father's education status, mother's or father's status and family income. A significant difference was found between the social anxiety level of the adolescents, whether the mother was her own or stepdaughter, and the father's occupation and the rent or self-ownership of the house.

Keywords: Social anxiety, adolescent, scale, reliability, validity.
Caracterización y extracción lipídica de las semillas del cacao amazónico [Theobroma grandiflorum].
Authors: Alviárez G. E. , Murillo A. W. , Murillo P. E. , Rojano B. A. , Méndez A. J. J.
Published: December 2019

La pulpa de Theobroma grandiflorum, conocido comúnmente como copoazú, es utilizada para la preparación de mermeladas, jugos, yogurt, néctares y dulces, y sus semillas son aprovechadas para la elaboración de cupulate, bebida equivalente al chocolate. En Colombia existe poca información sobre las propiedades de este fruto, especialmente de los ácidos grasos presentes en las semillas, las cuales podrían ser de gran interés para la industria alimentaria. En este estudio se identificó y analizó el contenido de ácidos grasos presentes en el aceite extraído de las semillas de copoazú en madurez fisiológica y sus índices de calidad, además, se midió el potencial antioxidante del aceite mediante el ensayo ORAC, lo anterior como aproximación al conocimiento del uso potencial alimenticio o nutracéutico de uno de los frutos exóticos de la amazonia de poco conocimiento en Colombia. La identificación de ácidos grasos reveló que hay mayor contenido de ácido oleico (36,3%), esteárico (29,27%) y palmítico (7,26%), los índices de calidad, como la saponificación (1,88,15 mg KOH/g muestra), yodo (49,33 g de I/g de grasa) y acidez (1,04 mg KOH/g muestra), muestran que el aceite de copoazú podría ser utilizado en la industria alimentaria y cosmética.
REFİ CEVAT ULUNAY’IN GAZETECİLİK ÜZERİNE YAZILARI
Authors: ÖZBEK GİRAY Özgül
Published: December 2019

Refi
Cevat Ulunay’ın 60 yıl boyunca sürdürdüğü gazetecilik hayatı 1908’de Ferdâ
gazetesi ile başlar. Türk basınının önemli gazetelerinden Tanin, İkdam, Şehrah
ve Alemdar’da saray muhabirliğinden, fıkra muharrirliğine, müdür muavinliğinden,
mütercimliğe kadar pek çok alanda hizmette bulunur. Millî Mücadele’ye karşı
gelmesi sebebiyle yüzellilikler listesine alınıp yurt dışına sürgüne gönderilen
Ulunay, sürgünden döndükten sonra 1940-1944 yılları arasında Tan’da, 1944-1952 yılları arasında Yeni
Sabah gazetesi ile Salon ve Mizah dergilerinde, 1952’de Hizmet’te, 1953-1968 yılları arasında da
Milliyet gazetesinde yazarlık ve fıkra muharrirliği
yapar. Gazetecilikte hemen her konu
hakkında söyleyecek sözü bulunan ve oldukça üretken bir yazar olan Ulunay’ın,
gazetecilik mesleği hakkında da pek çok yazısı bulunmaktadır. Yazılarında
gazetecilik mesleği ve bu mesleği icra eden gazetecilerin vaziyeti, Basın
Birliği’nin faaliyetleri, basın tarihinin ve basın müzesinin gerekliliği,
siyasetin gazeteciler ve gazeteler üzerindeki etkisi gibi meselelere değinir.
Bu çalışmada Ulunay’ın gazete ve mecmualardaki yazılarından hareketle
gazetecilik mesleği ile ilgili düşünce ve önerileri üzerinde durulacaktır.
Karbapenemaz üreten enterobacteriaceae izolatlarının immünokromatografik kart test RESIST-3 O.K.N. K-SET ile değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YAPICI Oktay , YAPICI Hafize , SAYGILI PEKİNTÜRK Nilüfer , AKGÜNEŞ Alper , AKGÜL Senem , EKİNCİ Bora
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Son yıllarda, Enterobacteriaceae türlerine karşı artan antimikrobiyal direnç küresel bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada karbapenem dirençli Enterobactericeae suşlarında immünokromatografik yöntem ile OXA-48 benzeri, KPC ve NDM beta-laktamaz karbapenemazlarının varlığının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: 1 Haziran 2017 ile 31 Mayıs 2018 tarihleri arasında mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarına çeşitli servislerden ve yoğun bakımdan gönderilen 717 Enterobactericeae suşu çalışma kapsamına alındı. Geleneksel yöntemler (koloni morfolojisi, gram boyama vb.) ve otomatize VİTEK-2 sistemi ile tanısı konulan Enterobactericea suşları değerlendirildi. VİTEK-2 sistemi ile antibiyogramı yapılan ve EUCAST önerilerine göre en az bir karbapenem grubu antibiyotiğe dirençli tespit edilen izolatlarda, karbapenem direnç tipi RESIST-3 O.K.N. K-SET (Coris BioConcept, Gembloux, Belgium) immünokromatografik yöntemle değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Değerlendirilmeye alınan Eschericia coli (n=430) ve Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=210), Klebsiella ozanea (n=4), Serratia marcescens (n=50), Serratia odorifa (n=3) arasında 35 karbapenem dirençli suş saptandı. Tespit edilen diğer türler (Salmonella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Citrobacter, Morganella, Yersinia) arasında karbapenem direnci saptanmadı. Enterobactericeae türleri arasında %4,8 (n=35) karbapenemlere direnç tespit edildi. Klebsiella pneumoniae suşları arasında %13,3 (n=28), Eschericia coli suşları arasında %0,9 (n=4) oranında karbapenem direnci tespit edildi. Klebsiella pneumoniae suşlarında (n=28) immünkromatografik yöntemle en fazla OXA-48 benzeri (n=13; %48) enzim direnci gözlendi. OXA -48 benzeri enzim pozitif saplanan bu 13 suşun 9‟u (%69) kolistine duyarlı bulundu. Sonuç: İlerleyen yıllarda mikrobiyoloji alanında daha kısa sürede, daha uygun maliyette, yüksek duyarlılık ve seçiciliğe ait bu tür pratik yöntemlerin kullanım alanının artacağını düşünmekteyiz.
Ileus due to gallstone: case report
Authors: BURCAK BİNİCİER Ömer
Published: December 2019

Gallstones are seen in 10% of the adult population. Ileus due to gallstones is a rare complication of cholelithiasis, representing 1-4% of mechanical intestinal obstruction cases. It often occurs as a result of larger than 2.5 cm stones passing through the gastrointestinal system due to bilioenteric fistula, causing obstruction in an already narrow space in the lumen. We present a patient with known prior history of a 4-cm gallstone who developed ileus associated with the gallstone in the sigmoid colon.
Commercialization of family functions: between supply and demand
Authors: Korenkova Marianna M. , Samylina Daria A. , Trundova Olga S.
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the process of changing family functions towards its commercialization, namely the emergence and development of the market of paid services for the family in the areas that historically have been served by the resources of the family itself. The authors analyzed 30 interviews with young parents and childless couples, and also carried out a content analysis of 150 discussions on family forums and materials on websites promoting commercial services for families to identify the transfer of certain family functions to external paid experts. According to the results of the study, the authors conclude that most of all changes can be traced on the example of reproductive, educational, running the house, emotional and leisure functions. Special attention is paid to the institutionalization of the recreational function, in particular such aspect of it as holding children’s parties.
The trail of folly and madness in the picture of Bosch: visual analysis
Authors: Rozhdestvenskaya Elena Yu.
Published: December 2019

In the essay, it carried out the visual analysis of the famous painting by I. Bosch, “Cure of Folly (Stone Operation),” which deals with the allegory of surgical cure for mental disorders. The literal embodiment of the metaphor and paths of insanity of both the patient and the quack doctor are included in the wide tradition of the early renaissance. The author follows the method of sequential analysis of visual images from a dense description of the visual series to the reconstruction of the meanings of the symbolic order and socio-cultural interpretation. The image of genre scene with the doctor, the patient and observers is structured through a rounded tondo method and combined with a textual frame in the style of the Gothic fracture, which refers to the client’s personal heraldic coat of arms. The bricolage of allegorical words and images complements each other and creates an intertextual space of meaning, to which semantic incongruity becomes a vehicle — flowers instead of expected stones. The hermeneutic tradition that has developed around the work of I. Bosch contradictory interpret this scene — from lithotomy by medical historians to a flower as an image of voluptuousness or a flower of wisdom (as a visual allegory of a philosopher's stone, elixir). But, the interpretation of the flower as a heraldic lily becomes more appropriate, taking into account the addressee of the picture, the reputation of customers and the rhyme of the formal characteristics of the picture with the style of the coat of arms of the customer. Bosch's painting with its hidden moral message is addressed to influential customers, metaphorically combining the meanings of folly stones and symbols of power.
Precarization of the Middle Class of the New Russia: What are the Results of a Study of Heterogeneous Middle Strata?
Authors: Anikin Vasiliy A.
Published: December 2019

The paper aims to study the heterogeneity of the middle classes in the new Russia. Drawing from the monitoring survey data collected by the Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, 2015 and 2018, the author employed Bayesian latent class analysis to detect Russian middle class and its main subgroups. In 2015 and 2018 it counted 58% and 61% of the population, respectively. Precarization of the middle is occurring in the lower stratum of the middle class, which comprises up to half of the middle class.

The paper aims to study the heterogeneity of the middle classes in the new Russia. Drawing from the monitoring survey data collected by the Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, 2015 and 2018, the author employed Bayesian latent class analysis to detect Russian middle class and its main subgroups. In 2015 and 2018 it counted 58% and 61% of the population, respectively. Precarization of the middle is occurring in the lower stratum of the middle class, which comprises up to half of the middle class.
Problem of Selective Control as a Means of Countering Terrorism (On the example of Poland, Latvia, Bulgaria)
Authors: Grigor’eva Kseniya S.
Published: December 2019

The use of ethnic discrimination in anti-terrorism activities is often preceded by terrorist attacks. The need for increased control over certain groups of citizens on the basis of their ethnic and / or national origin, as a rule, is justified by the extraordinary situation. However, ethnically selective control also exists where terrorist risks are low. The article discusses the relevant experience of Poland, Latvia and Bulgaria – countries where a low level of terrorist threat is officially declared. In all three countries, the main subject of ethnically selective control are people from the so-called “high-risk” countries. Discrimination against the citizens of these countries is carried out with the approval of the central authorities. The concept of “high-risk countries” is associated with the concept of “high-risk third countries” having strategic deficiencies in their anti-money laundering/counter-terrorism financing regimes”, introduced by the European Commission, as well as with the concept of “target countries” used in the United States. The inclusion of Palestine and the Caucasian republics of the Russian Federation in the list of high-risk countries suggests that in Poland, Latvia and Bulgaria Russian and Israeli methods of countering terrorism are also taken into account. Poland, Latvia and Bulgaria use similar approaches to the fight against terrorism, they are located close to each other and they have a common recent historical past. This makes it very likely either a direct exchange of experience in the implementation of ethnically selective control between them, or the incorporation of relevant experience in developing their own counter-terrorism measures.
Among the Working Population as a Form of Disadaptation Process. Part II
Authors: Pozdnyakova Margarita E. , Bruno Viktoria V.
Published: December 2019

This work is a continuation of the article devoted to the spread of drug use among the working population and in various professional groups. The second part of the article, based on the materials of quantitative and qualitative studies conducted by the sector of sociology of deviant behavior (ISRAS – FCTAS RAS), as well as reviews of different studies, discusses the features of substance use in the Armed forces of the Russian Federation. The main latency factors of drug use were identified. It is noted that the structure of drug use among military almost completely reflects the structure of their distribution among population in in the country. It is shown that, despite the steadily decreasing number of people exempted from military service due to drug use and the military involved in drug consumption, the lack of detection of drug users in Russian army remains.
CONFLUÊNCIAS ENTRE A BIOÉTICA GLOBAL E A ECOLOGIA INTEGRAL
Authors: Vilela Raquel V. R. , Júnior Oton Da Silva A.
Published: December 2019

Apesar de a palavra ‘bioética’ ter sido utilizada em 1927 pelo teólogo pro­testante alemão Paul Max Fritz Jahr (1895 – 1953), o termo só se notabilizou no início da década de setenta, quando o oncologista estadunidense Van Ransselaer Potter (1911 – 2001) apresentou a bioética como uma “Ponte para o futuro”, livro publicado em 1971. Posteriormente, Potter apresentou outras perspectivas, como “Bioética global” (1988) e ainda, “Bioética pro­funda” (1998) a qual, segundo ele, visa ir à raiz dos problemas ambientais e defende os direitos de toda a comunidade biótica (...)
RETOS ÉTICOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN
Authors: Junquera de Estéfani Rafael
Published: December 2019

Pocas veces nos planteamos la moralidad de nuestras actuaciones investigadoras, salvo que afecten a investigaciones polémicas y muy específicas (investigación sobre seres humanos, investigación con embriones, etc.), para anali­zar si realmente el mero investigar es una actividad buena moralmente hablando o no lo es. Y este análisis es el que se intenta realizar en el presente estudio. La investigación como una acción humana no puede quedar fuera de un análisis desde la Ética. Deberemos plantearnos por qué hay que investigar, cómo realizarlo, qué responsabilidades tenemos, si es necesario aunar o compaginar docencia e investigación, para quién investigar, qué condiciones debe de reunir la acción de investigar para ser considerada moralmente buena, etc.
The Role of Purified α-amylase from Soil Bacteria Versus Crude Cell Supernatant from Medium against Clinical Biofilm-forming Bacteria
Authors: Elamary Rokaya , Albarakaty Fawziah , Salem Wesam
Published: December 2019

Bacterial biofilms have become a significant and growing threat to human life, nature, and environmental health. The aim of this study is to isolate amylase-producing bacteria from the terrestrial environment (soil) for investigating their general inhibition of some pathogenic human bacterial biofilm. A total of 75 amylase producing isolates were obtained by serial dilution and streaking method. Amylotic activity of these isolates was screened by a starch agar plate method. Isolates were characterized by morphological and biochemical methods. The isolated Bacillus species were B. megaterium (26.7%), B. subtilis (16%), B. cereus (13.3%), B. thuringiesis (10.7%), B. lentus (10.7%), B. mycoides (5.3%), B. alvei (5.3%), B. polymyxa (4%), B. circulans (4%) and Micrococcus roseus (4%). The optimum conditions for amylase production were monitored. Antagonistic activity of these isolates and purified amylase against multidrug-resistant pathogenic human bacteria by agar disk diffusion method. The sensitivity level of some standard antibiotics served as control. Interestingly, it was found that all isolates exhibited great antagonistic activity against the target pathogens. The greatest activity recoded by B. alevi (48 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the lowest activity recorded by B. polymyxa (12 mm) against E. coli while low inhibition recorded for amylase. Antibiofilm efficacy of isolates supernatant and purified enzyme also monitored by spectrophotometric methods. The results revealed highly significant inhibition with percentages of 93.6 and 78.8% respectively. So, they represent a good tool for biofilm control in clinical and environmental applications.
Combining Direct and Indirect Measurements to Assess Patients’ Satisfaction with the Quality of Public Health Services in Romania: Uncovering Structural Mechanisms and Their Implications
Authors: Mihaila Viorel , Druica Elena , Burcea Marin , Cepoi Vasile
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Patients’ satisfaction was extensively researched over the last decades, given its role in building loyalty, compliance to treatment, prevention, and eventually higher levels of wellbeing and improved health status. Patients’ feedback on the perceived quality of health services can be incorporated into practice; therefore, understanding factors and mechanisms responsible for patients’ satisfaction allows providers to tailor targeted interventions. Method: A questionnaire assessing patients’ perception of the quality of health services was administered to a country-representative sample of 1500 Romanian patients. Using a partial least squares—path modeling approach (PLS-PM), with cross-sectional data, we developed a variance-based structural model, emphasizing the mediating role of trust and satisfaction with various categories of health services. Results: We confirmed the mediating role of trust in shaping the relationship between the procedural accuracy of health professionals, along with the perceived intensity of their interaction with patients, and patients’ experienced quality of the health services. We confirmed the mediating role of satisfaction by the categories of services in the relationship between waiting time on the premises, attention received, and the perceived reliability of the information received, as predictors, and the experienced quality of the health services. In addition, indirect assessment of patients’ satisfaction is a good predictor for direct assessment, thereby affirming the idea that the results of the two types of evaluations converge. Discussions: One of the most efficient solutions to increase both patients’ satisfaction and their compliance is to empower the communication dimension between patients and health practitioners. Given the non-linear relationships among variables, we advocate that, unless the nature of the relationships between satisfaction and its predictors is understood, practical interventions could fail. The most relevant variable for intervention is the degree of attention patients perceive they received. We suggest three methods to turn waiting time into attention given to patients.
Reputasi dan Kredibilitas sebagai Upaya untuk Mengatasi Masalah Koordinasi dan Reformasi yang Berkelanjutan
Authors: Indrawati Sri Mulyani , Kuncoro Ari , Ikhsan Mohamad
Published: December 2019

Perekonomian Indonesia sejak Krisis Ekonomi 1998 mengalami perlambatan dalam kemajuan. Laju pertumbuhan ekonomi tidak mampu lagi melewati angka 6,5% – yang merupakan tingkat laju pertumbuhan yang menjadi patokan sebelum Krisis Ekonomi 1998. Bahkan setelah tahun 2013, perekonomian Indonesia terjebak dalam tingkat pertumbuhan yang lebih rendah – yang jelas tidak cukup untuk mencegah perekonomian Indonesia untuk tidak terjebak dalam perangkap negara berpenghasilan menengah (middle income trap) saat penduduk berusia tua mendominasi struktur penduduk pada tahun 2040. Lebih jauh lagi, laju pertumbuhan ekonomi pasca-Krisis Ekonomi 1998 menjadi kurang sensitif terhadap penurunan tingkat kemiskinan dan diikuti dengan memburuknya distribusi pendapatan. Profil pertumbuhan yang sama sekali berbeda dengan gambaran selama lebih dari 30 tahun proses pembangunan ekonomi Indonesia sejak tahun 1969. Pola seperti ini sebetulnya bukan hanya dialami oleh Indonesia, tetapi juga dialami oleh negara Asia Tenggara lainnya, seperti Thailand dan Malaysia yang sebelumnya digolongkan sebagai “13 performing countries” oleh Growth Commission karena keberhasilan untuk tumbuh 6+ persen per tahun selama lebih dari 3 dekade.
KOMPETENSI MOTORIK ANAK USIA DINI: KETERKAITANNYA DENGAN KOGNITIF, AFEKTIF DAN KESEHATAN
Authors: Munif  , Pudyaningtyas Adriani Rahma , Parwatiningsih Sri Anggarini
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini memprediksikan kompetensi motorik (kasar dan halus) terhadap aspek kognitif, afektif dan kesehatan untuk anak usia dini. Pengukuran kompetensi motorik, kognitif dan kesehatan menggunakan tes dan pengukuran afektif menggunakan skala. Partisipan yang dilibatkan adalah anak-anak yang  berusia tiga sampai enam tahun (N=30) dinyatakan sehat secara fisik dan mental dan mendapat persetujuan dari orang tua/keluarga diambil dari taman kanak-kanak di Solo dan Yogyakarta. Data yang sudah terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan regresi untuk mengetahui sebab akibat dari masing-masing variabel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi motorik yang baik berdampak pada aspek kognitif, afektif dan kesehatan anak usia dini. Anak-anak dengan kognitif yang baik ditandai dengan keterampilan pemecahan masalah dengan mengedepankan prososial dalam setiap interaksi. Anak-anak dengan afektif yang tinggi ditandai dengan rasa simpati kepada kawan yang lain dalam bentuk kepedulian. Anak-anak dengan kesehatan yang baik ditandai dengan berkurangnya rasa mengeluh dan aktivitas fisik normal.
Bone Cement in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Monzón René A. , Coury John G. , Disse Gregory D. , Lum Zachary C.
Published: December 2019

» It is important to understand the mechanism of polymerization, mechanical properties, and environmental and temperature effects of polymethylmethacrylate.

» The liquid component of bone cement comprises methylmethacrylate monomer, N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine, hydroquinone, and possibly dye.

» The powder component of bone cement contains benzoyl peroxide, beads of polymethylmethacrylate, possibly dye, zirconium dioxide or barium sulfate radiopacifier, and antibiotics.

» Up to 2 g of powdered antibiotics added to a 40-g package probably does not compromise the integrity of the cement.

» Preheating the implant or heating during polymerization is controversial but does not appear to strongly negatively affect the mechanical properties of the bone cement.
Tibial Fixation Techniques for Soft-Tissue Grafts in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Patel Nilay A. , Choi Jeffrey H. , Wang Dean
Published: December 2019

» The method of graft fixation in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is important for initial stability. The tibial fixation site is reported to be the weakest point in ACL reconstructions.

» Tibial fixation techniques include aperture fixation (intra-tunnel), suspensory fixation (extra-tunnel), and hybrid tibial fixation.

» Although biomechanical data have demonstrated superior pull-out strength and resistance to cyclic loading with certain tibial fixation devices, the available clinical data have overall demonstrated no significant differences in patient outcomes and failure rates among methods.

» Further work is necessary to determine which technique optimizes biologic maturation and incorporation of the graft within the tibial tunnel.
THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ISLAMIC AND CONVENTIONAL BANK IN INDONESIA
Authors: Rinawati Tri , Santoso Aprih
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kinerja keuangan Bank Syariah dan Bank Konvensional di Indonesia berdasarkan rasio CAR, NPL, LDR dan BOPO untuk tahun 2008 – 2017 dan untuk mengetahui kinerja keuangan mana yang lebih baik antara kinerja keuangan Bank Syariah dan Bank Konvensional di Indonesia untuk periode 2008 - 2017 dilihat berdasarkan rasio CAR, NPL, LDR, BOPO, ROA. Objek penelitian ini adalah bank syariah dan bank konvensional di Indonesia selama periode 2008 - 2017. Metode penentuan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, yaitu pengambilan sampel dari suatu populasi berdasarkan kriteria tertentu. Kriteria dalam memilih sampel adalah: (1) Bank yang telah menerbitkan laporan keuangan selama 5 tahun berturut-turut mulai tahun 2008-2017; (2) Bank yang terdaftar di Bank Indonesia; (3) Bank yang menyediakan data laporan keuangan sesuai dengan rasio yang dipersyaratkan; (4) Data Keuangan Bank Syariah dan Bank Konvensional diambil secara keseluruhan dari Statistik Perbankan Indonesia dengan hasil pengujian yang berbeda dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara CAR Bank Islam dan CAR Conventions Bank, terdapat perbedaan antara Bank Syariah NPL dan Konvensional Bank NPL, ada perbedaan antara LDR Bank Syariah dan LDR Bank Konvensional, tidak ada perbedaan antara Bank Islam BOPO dan Bank Konvensional BOPO dan ada perbedaan antara ROA Bank Syariah dan ROA Bank Konvensional. [The objectives of this study are: (1) To find out the differences in the financial performance of Islamic Banks and Conventional Banks in Indonesia based on CAR, NPL, LDR and BOPO ratios for the years 2008 - 2017; (2) To find out which financial performance is better between the financial performance of Islamic Banks and Conventional Banks in Indonesia for the period 2008 - 2017 seen based on CAR, NPL, LDR, BOPO, ROA ratios. The object of this research is Islamic banks and conventional banks in Indonesia during the period 2008 - 2017. The method of determining the sample used is purposive sampling, which is sampling from a population based on certain criteria. The criteria in selecting samples are: (1) Banks that have published financial statements for 5 consecutive years starting in 2008 - 2017; (2) Banks registered at Bank Indonesia; (3) Banks that provide financial report data in accordance with the required ratio; (4) Financial Data of Islamic Banks and Conventional banks are taken as a whole from Indonesian Banking Statistics the results of different tests it can be concluded that there is a difference between CAR Islamic Banks and CAR Conventions Bank, there is a difference between Islamic Bank NPLs and Bank Conventions NPL, there is a difference between Islamic Bank LDR and Conventional Bank LDR, there is no difference between Islamic Bank BOPO and Conventional Bank BOPO and there is a difference between ROA of Sharia Banks and ROA of Conventional Banks]
STATUS WANITA DI NEGARA MUSLIM MODERN: STUDI TERHADAP HUKUM KELUARGA DI TUNISIA DAN INDONESIA
Authors: Noviana Lia
Published: December 2019

Salah satu fenomena penting yang muncul di dunia muslim sejak awal abad ke-20 adalah adanya upaya pembaharuan hukum keluarga di negara-negara berpenduduk mayoritas muslim baik dengan metode intra doctrinal reform maupun extra doctrinal reform. Adapun tujuan pembaharuan hukum keluarga di antaranya ialah untuk unifikasi hukum, tuntutan peningkatan status wanita dan merespon perkembangan masyarakat yang selalu bergerak dinamis. Dapat dikatakan bahwa tujuan kedua ini merupakan tujuan dari reformasi Undang-Undang Perkawinan di mayoritas negara-negara muslim, meskipun tidak menutup kemungkinan di beberapa negara mencakup beberapa tujuan sekaligus. Dengan menggunakan metode descriptive comparative, penelitian ini membahas tentang materi-materi pembaharuan hukum keluarga dan faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya pembaharuan hukum keluarga di negara Tunisia dan Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya pembaharuan hukum keluarga di Tunisia tidak lepas dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor, yaitu faktor eksternal: pengaruh Prancis dalam usaha sekularisasi dan pengaruh Habib Bourguiba yang berhasrat menjadikan Tunisia sebagai negara sekuler dan faktor internal: adanya reinterpretasi nash Al-Qur’an dan peningkatan status wanita di Tunisia. Sedangkan pembaharuan hukum keluarga di Indonesia dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya heterogenitas masyarakat dan usaha unifikasi hukum. [One important phenomenon that has emerged in the Muslim world since the beginning of the 20th century is the effort to reform family law in Muslim-majority countries with both intra-doctrinal reform and extra doctrinal reform methods. Some of the objectives of the renewal of family law are to unify the law, to legalize women’s equal rights, and to respond to the dynamic development of a society. It is well known that the legalization of women’s equal rights is mostly becomes the main goal in reforming the Marriage Law in the majority of Muslim countries, although some countries may also put other goals at once. Using descriptive-comparative methods, this study attempts to discuss the renewal material of family law and the factors that underlie the renewal in Indonesia and Tunisia. The results of the study show that the renewal of family law in Tunisia is inseparably influenced by two factors; namely external factors: the influence of France in their secularization efforts as well as the influence of Habib Bourguiba, who desires to make Tunisia as a secular state; and the internal factors: the reinterpretation of the Qur'anic text and some efforts done in Tunisia to improve the women’s status. On the other hand, the renewal of family law in Indonesia is motivated by the heterogeneity of the community and the effort of law unification].
Exploring university students’ attitudes towards Primary Care: evidence from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Voglino Gianluca , Moro Giuseppina Lo , Gualano Maria Rosaria , Bert Fabrizio , Siliquini Roberta
Published: December 2019

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Dietary practices and associated factors among pregnant women in West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Mulugeta Yeshalem , Alem Getu Degu , Belachew Tefera
Published: December 2019

Background: The optimal dietary practice is a critical requisite for maternal nutrition. However, the majority of Ethiopian pregnant women have inadequate nutrient intakes. These may be due to their poor dietary habits. Identifying factors affecting the dietary practices of pregnant women is crucial to design appropriate interventions. In this country, the dietary practices of pregnant women and determinants are not well studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the dietary practices and associated factors among pregnant women in West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 712 pregnant women from May to August 2018. Quantitative data complemented with a qualitative method. Pregnant women were selected using a cluster sampling technique. Structured questionnaires were utilized for data collection. Data were entered into Epi-Info version 7.2.2 and exported to SPSS version 23 software for analysis. Data were described using frequencies and mean. A logistic regression analysis was done. Three focus group discussions and 17 key-informant interviews were conducted for the qualitative data. Focus group discussion participants were mothers, husbands, and health professionals. Typical case and homogeneous sampling techniques were used for the key-informant interviews and focus group discussions, respectively. Thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data. Results: Only 19.9% of respondents had appropriate dietary practices. On the multivariable logistic regression analyses, being food secure [AOR=2.25, 95% CI: (1.1, 4.5)], having high edible crop production [AOR=2.00, 95% CI: (1.2, 3.2)] and a favorable attitude [AOR=1.69, 95% CI: (1.1, 2.6)] were significantly associated with the appropriate dietary practices of pregnant women. In the qualitative study, lack of knowledge on maternal diet, cultural prohibition, and knowledge gap of the professionals were barriers that interfere with dietary practices during pregnancy. Conclusion: Pregnant women in the study area are found to have suboptimal dietary practices. Therefore, health professionals should give regular nutrition counseling using cards and role models for promoting diversified food production and consumption. Keywords: Pregnant women, dietary practice, dietary diversity, food variety score
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Xpert MTB/Rif Ultra for tuberculosis adenitis
Authors: Antel Katherine , Oosthuizen Jenna , Malherbe Francois , Louw Vernon J , Nicol Mark P , Maartens Gary , Verburgh Estelle
Published: December 2019

Background: The WHO recently recommended the new Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay (Ultra) instead of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay because Ultra has improved sensitivity. We report the diagnostic accuracy of Ultra for tuberculous adenitis in a tuberculosis and HIV endemic setting.
Methods: We obtained fine-needle aspirates (FNA) and lymph node tissue by core-needle biopsy in adult patients with peripheral lymphadenopathy of > 20 mm. Ultra and mycobacterial culture were performed on FNA and tissue specimens, with histological examination of tissue specimens. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of Ultra against a composite reference standard of ‘definite tuberculosis’ (microbiological criteria) or ‘probable tuberculosis’ (histological and clinical criteria).
Results: We prospectively evaluated 99 participants of whom 50 were HIV positive: 21 had ‘definite tuberculosis’, 15 ‘probable tuberculosis’ and 63 did not have tuberculosis (of whom 38% had lymphoma and 19% disseminated malignancy). Using the composite reference standard the Ultra sensitivity on FNA was 70% (95% CI 51-85; 21 of 30), and on tissue was 67% (45-84; 16/24) these were far superior to the detection of acid-fast bacilli on an FNA (26%; 7/27); AFB on tissue (33%; 8/24 );or tissue culture (39%; 9/23). The detection of granulomas on histology had high senstivity (83%) but the lowest specficity. When the samples from tissue and FNA were pooled and compared to culture the sensitivity was 84% (60-97; 16/19).
Conclusions: Ultra performed on FNA or tissue of a lymph node had good sensitivity and high specificity. Ultra had a higher yield than culture and has the advantage of being a rapid test. Ultra on FNA would be an appropriate initial investigation for lymphadenopathy in tuberculosis endemic areas followed by a core biopsy for histopathology with a repeat Ultra on tissue if granulomas are present.
Factors influencing adoption of facility-assisted delivery - a qualitative study of women and other stakeholders in a Maasai community in Ngorongoro District, Tanzania
Authors: Mosley Paul D , Saruni Kisiaya , Lenga Bernadetha
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Tanzania’s One Plan II health sector program aims to increase facility deliveries from 50% to 80% from 2015-2020. Success is uneven among certain Maasai pastoralist women in Northern Tanzania who robustly prefer home births to facility births even after completing 4+ ANC visits. Ebiotishu Oondomonok Ongera (EbOO) is a program in Nainokanoka ward to promote facility births through a care-group model using trained traditional birth attendants (TBAs) as facilitators. Results to date are promising but show a consistent gap between women completing ANC and those going to a facility for delivery. A qualitative study was conducted to understand psychosocial preferences, agency for decision-making, and access barriers that influence where a woman in the ward will deliver. METHODS: In-depth interviews, focus group discussions and key-informant interviews were conducted with 24 pregnant and/or parous women, 24 TBAs, 3 nurse midwives at 3 health facilities, and 24 married men, living in Nainokanoka ward. Interviews and discussions were transcribed, translated, and analyzed thematically using a grounded theory approach. RESULTS: Most women interviewed expressed preference for a home birth with a TBA and even those who expressed agency and preference for a facility birth usually had their last delivery at home attributed to unexpected labor. TBAs are engaged by husbands and play a significant influential role in deciding place of delivery. TBAs report support for facility deliveries but in practice use them as a last resort, and a significant trust gap was documented based on a bad experience at a facility where women in labor were turned away. CONCLUSIONS: EbOO project data and study results show a slow but steady change in norms around delivery preference in Nainokanoka ward. Gaps between expressed intention and practice, especially around ‘unexpected labor’ present opportunities to accelerate this process by promoting birth plans and perhaps constructing a maternity waiting house in the ward. Rebuilding trust between facility midwives, TBAs, and the community on the availability of health facility services, and increased sensitivity to women’s cultural preferences, could also close the gap between the number of women who are currently using facilities for ANC and those returning for delivery.