bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Three Paired Modified Fyke Nets for Characterizing Fish Assemblages in the Nearshore Zone of Lake Michigan
Authors: Smith Bradley J. , Simpkins Darin G.
Published: August 2017

We performed a gear comparison between three types of paired fyke nets used to monitor fish communities in the nearshore zone of Lake Michigan. Our objective was to identify a single net design that would maximize species diversity and catch. The three types of paired fyke nets included a small frame model with 3-mm bar mesh (Mini-fyke), a larger-framed model with 13-mm mesh (Fyke), and a large frame model with 13-mm mesh recommended by the American Fisheries Society (AFS-fyke). We set all three gear types in triplicate on similar nearshore littoral habitat at 16 sites in Green Bay, an embayment of Lake Michigan. Total catch was dominated by Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum, Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus, Spottail Shiner Notropis hudsonius, Trout-perch Percopsis omiscomaycus, and Yellow Perch Perca flavescens, which represented 99.3% of all individuals captured. We found that Mini-fyke nets selected for smaller individuals, caught relatively few species, and had the highest catch per unit effort; this was largely driven by high catches of Spottail Shiner and Gizzard Shad. Fyke nets captured the largest individuals, had the lowest catch per unit effort, and the greatest diversity of species. Results for AFS-fyke nets were typically intermediate between Mini-fyke and Fyke nets for most parameters. Species accumulation curves indicated that Fyke nets acquired more total species at a higher rate than the other two net types. Given the need to balance effort, gear bias, and sampling efficiency, we found that AFS-fyke nets recommended by the AFS effectively characterized the nearshore fish community of lower Green Bay, especially if used in conjunction with complementary sampling gears.

Received November 28, 2016; accepted May 25, 2017Published online August 4, 2017
Effects of age on inhibitory control are affected by task-specific features
Authors: de Bruin Angela , Sala Sergio Della
Published: August 2017

Older adults have been argued to have impoverished inhibitory control compared to younger adults. However, these effects of age may depend on processing speed and their manifestation may furthermore depend on the type of inhibitory control task that is used. We present two experiments that examine age effects on inhibition across three tasks: a Simon arrow, static flanker and motion flanker task. The results showed overall slower reaction times (RTs) for older adults on all three tasks. However, effects of age on inhibition costs were only found for the Simon task, but not for the two flanker tasks. The motion flanker task furthermore showed an effect of baseline processing speed on the relation between age and inhibition costs. Older adults with slower baseline responses showed smaller inhibition costs, suggesting they were affected less by the flanker items than faster older adults. These findings suggest that effects of age on inhibition are task dependent and can be modulated by task-specific features such as the type of interference, type of stimuli and processing speed.
Progranulin deficiency causes impairment of autophagy and TDP-43 accumulation
Authors: Chang Michael C. , Srinivasan Karpagam , Friedman Brad A. , Suto Eric , Modrusan Zora , Lee Wyne P. , Kaminker Joshua S. , Hansen David V. , Sheng Morgan
Published: August 2017

Loss-of-function mutations in GRN cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kD (TDP-43)–positive inclusions and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). There are no disease-modifying therapies for either FTD or NCL, in part because of a poor understanding of how mutations in genes such as GRN contribute to disease pathogenesis and neurodegeneration. By studying mice lacking progranulin (PGRN), the protein encoded by GRN, we discovered multiple lines of evidence that PGRN deficiency results in impairment of autophagy, a key cellular degradation pathway. PGRN-deficient mice are sensitive to Listeria monocytogenes because of deficits in xenophagy, a specialized form of autophagy that mediates clearance of intracellular pathogens. Cells lacking PGRN display reduced autophagic flux, and pathological forms of TDP-43 typically cleared by autophagy accumulate more rapidly in PGRN-deficient neurons. Our findings implicate autophagy as a novel therapeutic target for GRN-associated NCL and FTD and highlight the emerging theme of defective autophagy in the broader FTD/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spectrum of neurodegenerative disease.
Identified hadron production in pp collisions measured with
ALICE.
Authors: Morales Yasser Corrales
Published: August 2017

The production of identified hadrons in proton-proton collisions is frequently
studied as a reference for the investigation of the strongly-interacting medium
created in heavy-ion collisions. In addition, at LHC energies measurements in pp and
p–Pb collisions as a function of the event multiplicity have shown some features
reminiscent of those related to collective effects in Pb–Pb collisions. Thanks to its
excellent PID capabilities and p
Τ coverage, the ALICE detector offers a unique opportunity for the
measurement of p
Τ spectra, integrated yields (dN/dy) and mean transverse momenta (〈p
Τ〉) of identified light-flavour hadrons at midrapidity over a wide p
Τ range.

In this contribution, results on π, K, p,

K
S
0

, Λ, Ξ, Ω and K*0 as a function of multiplicity in pp
collisions at

s

=
7
 
TeV

are presented. The results are compared with those measured in p–Pb
and Pb–Pb collisions. A similar evolution of the spectral shape, the p
Τ-differential particle ratios and the integrated yield ratios with the
charged particle multiplicity in both small and large systems is observed. The
production rates of strange hadrons in pp collisions increase more than those of
non-strange particles, showing an enhancement pattern with multiplicity which is
remarkably similar to the one measured in p–Pb collisions.

In addition, results on the production of light flavour hadrons in pp collisions at

s

=
13
 
TeV

, the highest centre-of-mass energy reached so far in the
laboratory, are also presented and the behaviour observed as a function of

s

are discussed.
Ectopic Expression of Xylella fastidiosa rpfF Conferring Production of Diffusible Signal Factor in Transgenic Tobacco and Citrus Alters Pathogen Behavior and Reduces Disease Severity
Authors: Caserta R. , Souza-Neto R. R. , Takita M. A. , Lindow S. E. , De Souza A. A.
Published: August 2017

The pathogenicity of Xylella fastidiosa is associated with its ability to colonize the xylem of host plants. Expression of genes contributing to xylem colonization are suppressed, while those necessary for insect vector acquisition are increased with increasing concentrations of diffusible signal factor (DSF), whose production is dependent on RpfF. We previously demonstrated that transgenic citrus plants ectopically expressing rpfF from a citrus strain of X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca exhibited less susceptibility to Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, another pathogen whose virulence is modulated by DSF accumulation. Here, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of rpfF in both transgenic tobacco and sweet orange also confers a reduction in disease severity incited by X. fastidiosa and reduces its colonization of those plants. Decreased disease severity in the transgenic plants was generally associated with increased expression of genes conferring adhesiveness to the pathogen and decreased expression of genes necessary for active motility, accounting for the reduced population sizes achieved in the plants, apparently by limiting pathogen dispersal through the plant. Plant-derived DSF signal molecules in a host plant can, therefore, be exploited to interfere with more than one pathogen whose virulence is controlled by DSF signaling.
Role of Spring and Deltoid Ligament Reconstruction for Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity
Authors: Patel Milap S. , Barbosa Mauricio P. , Kadakia Anish R.
Published: August 2017

Failure of the spring ligament is a known pathologic process in the setting of adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD). Many surgical techniques have been described to correct the deformity associated with adult acquired flatfoot deformity; however, there are limited techniques available to reconstruct the spring ligament. The goal of spring ligament reconstruction is to restore the primary ligamentous stabilizer of the talonavicular joint and restore the stability of the hindfoot without creating secondary deformity and hindfoot rigidity. Stage IV flatfoot deformity may result in ankle valgus that places asymmetric stress on the tibiotalar joint that is ideally treated with a secondary reconstruction to avoid ankle arthrodesis or arthroplasty. Despite involving the tibiospring and deep deltoid in the Deltoid reconstruction, restoration of the normal tibiotalar relationship has proven difficult, particularly in the setting of hindfoot arthrodesis, where increased stress on the medial collateral ligament complex worsens the deformity. Spring ligament reconstruction is an evolving technique and we describe a reproducible technique with promising early clinical results.

Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Effect of Natural Sunlight on Sleep Problems and Sleep Quality of the Elderly Staying in the Nursing Home
Authors: Düzgün Gönül , Durmaz Akyol Asiye
Published: August 2017

This study was designed as an intervention study to determine the effect of light therapy on sleep problems and sleep quality of elderly people. The study sample was composed of a total of 61 elderly persons from Social Security Institution Narlıdere Municipal Nursing Home, 30 in the test group and 31 in the control group. Those 65 years and older, not diagnosed with major depression, not exercising regularly, not having sun allergy, not using sleeping pills, independent in activities of daily living, and having bad sleep quality were included in the study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Demographic Data Form, and the Follow-up Form for Elderly were used for data collection, whereas the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used for sample selection. It was found that exposure to direct sunlight between 8 am and 10 am for 5 days seems to be effective in increasing the global sleep quality score (P < .001). In light of the findings in this study, it is suggested that allocating living places in the institution's architectural setting and providing social opportunities for elderly persons to get direct sunlight exposure can help increase the sleep quality of older adults.
Criteria for Risk Stratification of Vulvar and Vaginal Smooth Muscle Tumors
Authors: Sayeed Sadia , Xing Deyin , Jenkins Sarah M. , Weisman Paul S. , Buehler Darya , Warmke Laura , Uram-Tuculescu Cora , Bakkum-Gamez Jamie N. , Howitt Brooke E. , Cortese Cherise , Park Kay J. , Schoolmeester J. Kenneth
Published: August 2017

Accurate risk stratification of smooth muscle tumors (SMTs) is essential for appropriate patient management. Yet, the rarity of SMTs of the vagina and vulva makes development of a prognostically meaningful classification system challenging. While 2 classification methods for vulvar SMTs and 1 for vaginal SMTs have been proposed, it is our experience that many pathologists tend to apply criteria for uterine SMTs when evaluating vulvovaginal tumors. We retrospectively reviewed a large cohort of vulvovaginal SMTs with clinical follow-up and evaluated which method most accurately classified tumors according to patient outcome. A total of 71 tumors, 53 vaginal (75%) and 18 vulvar (25%), from 71 patients were identified. All tumors were centrally examined for degree of cytologic atypia, morphology (spindled, epithelioid, myxoid), mitotic index per 10 high power fields, atypical mitotic figures, tumor cell necrosis, ischemic necrosis, tumor interface (circumscribed or infiltrative) and margin status. Clinical features were recorded for each patient. Follow-up was available for 63 patients (89%), and ranged from 1 to 234 months (median: 64 mo). While site-specific and uterine criteria showed equally excellent sensitivity in classifying smooth muscle neoplasms as leiomyosarcoma according to patient outcome, uterine criteria showed improved specificity relatively to site-specific methods in classifying tumors as nonsarcoma according to patient outcome. We recommend that uterine SMT criteria and nomenclature be adopted for evaluation and classification of vulvovaginal SMTs.
Immunotherapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment
Authors: Carter Brett W. , Halpenny Darragh F. , Ginsberg Michelle S. , Papadimitrakopoulou Vassiliki A. , de Groot Patricia M.
Published: August 2017

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality and is responsible for more deaths than breast, prostate, and colon cancer combined. Most patients are diagnosed with advanced disease at the time of presentation, and treatment options have traditionally included surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation. However, significant advances in the molecular characterization of lung cancer have led to the creation of effective immunotherapies that assist in the recognition of cancer as foreign by the host immune system, stimulate the immune system, and relieve the inhibition that allows tumor growth and spread. Extensive experience with the immunomodulatory monoclonal antibody ipilimumab has demonstrated that unique responses may be seen with immunotherapies that are not adequately captured by traditional response criteria such as the World Health Organization criteria and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Consequently, several modified criteria have been developed to evaluate patients treated with immunotherapy, including immune-related response criteria, immune-related RECIST, and immune RECIST. Finally, patients undergoing immunotherapy may develop a wide variety of immune-related adverse events with which the radiologist must be familiar. In this article, we present the fundamental concepts behind immunotherapy, specific agents currently approved for the treatment of lung cancer, and immune-related adverse events. The role of imaging in the evaluation of these patients will also be discussed, including the general principles of treatment response evaluation, specific response criteria adopted with these agents, including immune-related response criteria, immune-related RECIST, and immune RECIST, and the imaging of immune-related adverse events.
Correlation Between Autophagy and Collagen Deposition in Patients With Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Zeng Chunyan , Liu Juan , Wang Hailan , Zhou Yan , Wu Junwei , Yan Guangrong
Published: August 2017

Objectives

The aim of this study was to explore the link between autophagy and collagen metabolism in patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) by detecting the expressions of autophagy factors, collagen, desmin, cytokeratin, and vimentin.

Methods

Histology of anterior vaginal wall and uterosacral ligament was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining in POP and non-POP control patients (n = 50 per group). Expressions of collagen types I and III, LC3II, beclin 1, and p62 were examined by Western blot analysis. Expressions of LC3, vimentin, desmin, and cytokeratin were detected by immunohistochemical staining. A linkage between the mean of LC3 integrated option density summation (IOD SUM) and POP clinicopathologic parameters including Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) staging, age, body mass index, gravidity, and parity was analyzed by χ2 test, respectively.

Results

Compared with the control group, the following differences were found both in the vaginal wall and in the uterosacral ligament of the POP group: hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that collagen was more fragmented and disorganized. Expressions of collagen types I and III, LC3II, and beclin 1 were diminished, whereas the p62 level was elevated in Western blotting. Immunohistochemical staining showed that expression of LC3 was down-regulated, whereas vimentin level was increased. There were no significant differences in the expressions of desmin and cytokeratin in the 2 groups (P > 0.05). Mean of LC3 IOD SUM was highly linked to the POP-Q stage in the POP group (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant correlation between the mean of LC3 IOD SUM and POP groups in age, body mass index, gravidity, and parity, respectively(P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Autophagic activity is impaired in the POP group, which may relate to collagen deposition.
Collection and Storage of HLA NGS Genotyping Data for the 17thInternational HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop
Authors: Chang Chia-Jung , Osoegawa Kazutoyo , Milius Robert P. , Maiers Martin , Xiao Wenzhong , Fernandez-Viňa Marcelo , Mack Steven J.
Published: August 2017

For over 50 years, the International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshops (IHIW) have advanced the fields of histocompatibility and immunogenetics (H&I) via community sharing of technology, experience and reagents, and the establishment of ongoing collaborative projects. In the fall of 2017, the 17thIHIW will focus on the application of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies for clinical and research goals in the H&I fields. NGS technologies have the potential to allow dramatic insights and advances in these fields, but the scope and sheer quantity of data associated with NGS raise challenges for their analysis, collection, exchange and storage. The 17thIHIW has adopted a centralized approach to these issues, and we have been developing the tools, services and systems to create an effective system for capturing and managing these NGS data. We have worked with NGS platform and software developers to define a set of distinct but equivalent NGS typing reports that record NGS data in a uniform fashion. The 17th IHIW database applies our standards, tools and services to collect, validate and store those structured, multi-platform data in an automated fashion. We are creating community resources to enable exploration of the vast store of curated sequence and allele-name data in the IPD-IMGT/HLA Database, with the goal of creating a long-term community resource that integrates these curated data with new NGS sequence and polymorphism data, for advanced analyses and applications.

Abbreviations

Abbreviations

CSV

Comma-Separated Values

GFE

Gene Feature Enumeration

GL

Genotype List

HLA

Human Leukocyte Antigen

HML

Histoimmunogenetics Markup Language

H&I

Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics

IHIW

International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop

IMGT

ImMunoGeneTics

IPD

ImmunoPolymorphism Database

IUPAC

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

KIR

Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor

MIRING

Minimum Information for Reporting Immunogenomic NGS Genotyping

NGS

Next Generation Sequencing

PI

Principal Investigator

RSCA

Reference Strand Conformation Analysis

rSSO

Reverse Sequence-Specific Oligo

SBT

Sequence-Based Typing

sFTP

secure File Transfer Protocol

SS

Sequence-Specific

SSO

Sequence-Specific Oligo

SSP

Sequence-Specific Priming

WMDA

World Marrow Donor Association

WS

Workshop

XML

eXtensible Markup Language
The structured demography of open populations in fluctuating environments
Authors: Schreiber Sebastian , Moore Jacob
Published: August 2017

At the spatial scale relevant to many field studies and management policies, populations may experience more external recruitment than internal recruitment. These sources of recruitment, as well as local demography, are often subject to stochastic fluctuations in environmental conditions. Here, we introduce a class of stochastic models accounting for these complexities and provide analytic methods for understanding their long-term behavior. The population state n(x) of these stochastic models is a function or vector keeping track of densities of individuals with continuous (e.g. size) or discrete (e.g. age) traits x taking values in a compact metric space. This state variable is updated by a stochastic affine equation n
t+1
= A
t+1
n
t
+ b
t+1
where A
t+1
is a time varying operator (e.g. an integral operator or a matrix) that updates the local demography, and b
t+1
is a time varying function or vector representing external recruitment. When the realized per-capita growth rate of the local demography is negative, we show that all initial conditions converge to the same time-varying trajectory. Furthermore, when A
1
, A
2
,... and b
1
, b
2
, ... are stationary sequences, this limiting behavior is determined by a unique stationary distribution. When the stationary sequences are periodic, uncorrelated, or a mixture of these two types of stationarity, we derive explicit formulas for the mean, within-year covariance, and auto-covariance of the stationary distribution. Sensitivity formulas for these statistical features are also given. The analtyic methods are illustrated with applications to discrete size-structured models of space-limited coral populations, and continuously size-structured models of giant clam populations.
Symmetric, explicit numerical integrator for molecular dynamics equations of motion with a generalized friction
Authors: Fukuda Ikuo
Published: August 2017

A general mathematical scheme to construct symmetric, explicit numerical integrators of Newtonian equations of motion endowed with a generalized friction is provided for molecular dynamics (MD) study. The exact integrations are done for all the decomposed vector fields, including the one that contains the friction term. On the basis of the symmetric composition scheme with the adjoint for the resulting maps, integrators with any local order of accuracy can be systematically constructed. Among them, the second order P2S1 integrator gives the least evaluation of atomic force and potential, which are most time consuming in MD simulations. As examples of the friction function, three functional types are considered: constant, Laurent polynomial, and exponential with respect to the kinetic energy. Several MD equations of motion fall into these categories, and the numerical examinations of their integrators using a basic model system give positive results on the accuracy and efficiency. The extended phase-space scheme also presents an invariant function, which allows to easily detect numerical errors in the integration process by monitoring the function value.
Seizure epicenter depth and translaminar field potential synchrony underlie complex variations in tissue oxygenation during ictal initiation.
Authors: Harris Samuel S. , Boorman Luke W. , Kennerley Aneurin J. , Sharp Paul S. , Martin Chris , Redgrave Peter , Schwartz Theodore H. , Berwick Jason
Published: August 2017

Whether functional hyperemia during epileptic activity is adequate to meet the heightened metabolic demand of such events is controversial. Whereas some studies have demonstrated hyperoxia during ictal onsets, other work has reported transient hypoxic episodes that are spatially dependent on local surface microvasculature. Crucially, how laminar differences in ictal evolution can affect subsequent cerebrovascular responses has not been thus far investigated, and is likely significant in view of possible laminar-dependent neurovascular mechanisms and angioarchitecture. We addressed this open question using a novel multi-modal methodology enabling concurrent measurement of cortical tissue oxygenation, blood flow and hemoglobin concentration, alongside laminar recordings of neural activity, in a urethane anesthetized rat model of recurrent seizures induced by 4-aminopyridine. We reveal there to be a close relationship between seizure epicenter depth, translaminar LFP synchrony and tissue oxygenation during the early stages of recurrent seizures, whereby deep layer seizures are associated with decreased cross laminar synchrony and prolonged periods of hypoxia, and middle layer seizures are accompanied by increased cross-laminar synchrony and hyperoxia. Through comparison with functional activation by somatosensory stimulation and graded hypercapnia, we show that these seizure-related cerebrovascular responses occur in the presence of conserved neural-hemodynamic and blood flow-volume coupling. Our data provide new insights into the laminar dependency of seizure-related neurovascular responses, which may reconcile inconsistent observations of seizure-related hypoxia in the literature, and highlight a potential layer-dependent vulnerability that may contribute to the harmful effects of clinical recurrent seizures. The relevance of our findings to perfusion-related functional neuroimaging techniques in epilepsy are also discussed.
Assembly and analysis of 100 full MHC haplotypes from the Danish population
Authors: Jensen Jacob M. , Villesen Palle , Friborg Rune M. ,   The Danish Pan-Genome Consortium, Mailund Thomas , Besenbacher Søren , Schierup Mikkel H.
Published: August 2017

Genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC, also known as HLA) play a critical role in the immune response and variation within the extended 4-Mb region shows association with major risks of many diseases. Yet, deciphering the underlying causes of these associations is difficult because the MHC is the most polymorphic region of the genome with a complex linkage disequilibrium structure. Here, we reconstruct full MHC haplotypes from de novo assembled trios without relying on a reference genome and perform evolutionary analyses. We report 100 full MHC haplotypes and call a large set of structural variants in the regions for future use in imputation with GWAS data. We also present the first complete analysis of the recombination landscape in the entire region and show how balancing selection at classical genes have linked effects on the frequency of variants throughout the region.
Advertised reference price and sales price as anchors of the latitude of expected price and its impact on purchase intention
Authors: Sinha Rajesh Kumar , Adhikari Atanu
Published: August 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the influence of advertised reference price (ARP) and sales price (SP) as anchor points on the latitude of expected price, and subsequently on purchase intention (PI). The research involves the theoretical lens of selective anchoring mechanism, which allows investigation of the influence of ARP and SP in a situation where price estimation task is a “non-thoughtful processes”.

Design/methodology/approach

On the basis of quasi-experimental design, the study involves intercept survey of 142 shoppers.

Findings

The study finds that due to anchoring effect, the highest and the lowest expected prices shift toward ARP and SP, respectively. Consequently, it influences the latitude of expected price, which in turn influences purchase intention. In addition, the study proposes and tests a method to forecast expansion and contraction of the latitude of expected price.

Research limitations/implications

It suggests a new mechanism to understand the simultaneous influence of ARP and SP, provides a mechanism to understand shifts in price latitude’s end-points and investigates a phenomenon with two externally provided anchors.

Practical implications

The study highlights the role of the latitude of expected price in understanding consumers’ response. Results suggest that a plausible ARP, when joined with an above-expectation SP, can fetch better consumer responses.

Originality/value

The study uniquely investigates a problem with two anchor points and two estimation targets, and proposes a construct of internal price uncertainty (IPU).
Emotion effects on choice deferral
Authors: Garg Nitika , Inman J. Jeffrey , Mittal Vikas
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Choice deferral (making no choice at all) is a common phenomenon, especially when individuals face a difficult decision. This is further exacerbated in the presence of negative incidental emotions which can have a wide-ranging influence on various aspects of decision-making. Previous research suggests that process (vs outcome) accountability might be more effective at mitigating the effect of irrelevant factors. This paper aims to examine whether accountability attenuates emotion effects on choice and examines the differences in the efficacy of the two accountability types.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses the appraisal tendency framework to propose differences between same valenced emotions on choice deferral and predicts the moderating role of process versus outcome accountability. Two experiments are conducted to test the predictions and the results analyzed using logistic regression.

Findings

The authors find that outcome and process accountability have different moderating effects on emotion and choice deferral relationship: under outcome accountability, angry individuals are more likely to defer choice while under process accountability, differences in choice across emotion conditions are attenuated. As predicted, differences between anger and fear on the certainty appraisal and thereby information processing, mediate the effects of emotion on choice deferral in the outcome (but not process) condition.

Originality/value

This research studies the intersection of two developing research streams, affect and accountability, by focusing on specific affective states (anger and fear) and specific accountability types (outcome and process) in the important context of decision avoidance in consumer behavior. Thus, theoretical understanding in both domains is advanced and the benefits of specific accountability types clarified. Key implications for consumers and future research directions are also discussed.
Venture creation persistence: overcoming stage-gate issues
Authors: Meek William , Williams David W.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into how nascent entrepreneurs persist despite outward appearances of little progress by using participant observations, and autobiographical and interview data.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilizing a multi-year case study, the authors use participant observation, autobiographical, and interview data to build the arguments.

Findings

The authors demonstrate that persistence involves overcoming stage-gate issues, and overcoming stage gates requires a flurry of activity and opportunity variation. Once stage gates are overcome, entrepreneurs experience an emergence-like event with a new flurry of activity that propels them toward the next stage gate. Doing so, the authors extend theories of entrepreneurial persistence and entrepreneurial action by suggesting that nascent entrepreneurs who are slowly making progress toward start-up may be persisting by taking small but important steps toward start-up.

Originality/value

This study offers detailed observations and analysis about the behaviors and activities that a nascent entrepreneur undertook during an extremely long gestation/persistence period, which ultimately ended with the successful completion of the goal.
Digital inequalities and social media: experiences of young people in Chile
Authors: McNicol Sarah , Aillerie Karine
Published: August 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to report the findings from a survey of secondary school students in Chile by exploring their use of social networking services for information-seeking purposes.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey was distributed via Chile’s Ministry of Education and 12,354 responses were received.

Findings

The results indicate that young people in Chile extensively use SNSs, but there are differences in the ways in which they use these services, specifically for information purposes. When considering school-related activities, there are differences in the use of SNSs by students in different types of schools. Those in academic-focussed institutions are more likely to use SNSs for school-related information purposes and are more likely to publish most types of information on SNSs than their counterparts in vocational schools.

Research limitations/implications

The sample was self-selecting and excluded students without online access to the survey.

Practical implications

The findings indicate more needs to be done in schools serving lower socio-economic communities to support students’ use of SNSs for information-seeking, especially for academic purposes.

Social implications

The findings suggest that school-associated social capital may have a role in shaping students’ use of SNSs for information and learning purposes and, potentially, in exacerbating digital inequalities.

Originality/value

The focus on the use of social media specifically for information-seeking distinguishes this research. The findings challenge possible assumptions about the links between social media use and social class and suggest that differences may be exacerbated by school practices.
Social media sentiment analysis: lexicon versus machine learning
Authors: Dhaoui Chedia , Webster Cynthia M. , Tan Lay Peng
Published: August 2017

Purpose

With the soaring volumes of brand-related social media conversations, digital marketers have extensive opportunities to track and analyse consumers’ feelings and opinions about brands, products or services embedded within consumer-generated content (CGC). These “Big Data” opportunities render manual approaches to sentiment analysis impractical and raise the need to develop automated tools to analyse consumer sentiment expressed in text format. This paper aims to evaluate and compare the performance of two prominent approaches to automated sentiment analysis applied to CGC on social media and explores the benefits of combining them.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 850 consumer comments from 83 Facebook brand pages are used to test and compare lexicon-based and machine learning approaches to sentiment analysis, as well as their combination, using the LIWC2015 lexicon and RTextTools machine learning package.

Findings

Results show the two approaches are similar in accuracy, both achieving higher accuracy when classifying positive sentiment than negative sentiment. However, they differ substantially in their classification ensembles. The combined approach demonstrates significantly improved performance in classifying positive sentiment.

Research limitations/implications

Further research is required to improve the accuracy of negative sentiment classification. The combined approach needs to be applied to other kinds of CGCs on social media such as tweets.

Practical implications

The findings inform decision-making around which sentiment analysis approaches (or a combination thereof) is best to analyse CGC on social media.

Originality/value

This study combines two sentiment analysis approaches and demonstrates significantly improved performance.
Examining the moderating role of personality traits in the relationship between brand trust and brand loyalty
Authors: Menidjel Choukri , Benhabib Abderrezzak , Bilgihan Anil
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this empirical study is to investigate both the relationships among brand satisfaction, trust and loyalty and the moderating effects of personality traits, namely, consumer innovativeness, variety-seeking and relationship proneness, in the context of fast-moving consumer goods.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected using a survey of 443 consumers. Structural equation modeling, specifically partial least squares regression, was used to test the theoretical model.

Findings

The findings indicate that brand loyalty is the most affected (both directly and indirectly) by satisfaction through the mediation of brand trust in both product categories studied. Moreover, variety-seeking behavior negatively moderates the relationship between brand trust and brand loyalty for fruit juices.

Research limitations/implications

This research was conducted in the context of fast-moving consumer goods within a limited geographical region. Future research could apply this model to different contexts and countries.

Practical implications

Companies that produce fast-moving consumer goods are advised to consider the important role of satisfaction in the generation of trust, which leads to brand loyalty.

Originality/value

This study proposes and tests a theoretical model that is more comprehensive than the models used in previous studies because it investigates the relationships among satisfaction, trust, loyalty and personality traits. It is the first attempt to examine the moderating effects of consumer innovativeness, variety-seeking and relationship proneness on the relationship between brand trust and loyalty.
Host country consumers’ brand attitudes after cross-border acquisitions
Authors: Shi Tiebing , Li Jiandong , Lim Chi Lo
Published: August 2017

Purpose

This study aims to investigate factors impacting host country consumers’ attitudes toward acquirers’ corporate brands and target brands after cross-border acquisitions (CBAs).

Design/methodology/approach

Surveys were conducted with US consumers using two fictitious CBA scenarios in the automobile industry.

Findings

Consumer ethnocentric tendencies (CETs) are negatively related to attitudes toward a CBA event; attitudes toward a CBA event are positively related to post-CBA attitudes toward the acquirer's corporate brand; brand-image fit is positively related to attitudes toward a CBA event, and post-CBA attitudes toward the acquirer's corporate brand and the target brand; post-CBA attitudes toward the acquirer's corporate brand and the target brand are positively related.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited in the sample, analysis approaches, context and factors examined. Future research could use more representative samples and both quantitative and qualitative methodologies; conduct more tests; examine real CBAs in different industries and countries; and investigate effects of other factors affecting attitudes toward the CBA event and post-CBA brand attitudes.

Practical implications

Managers should consider CETs and brand-image fit and strategically influence attitudes toward a CBA event and post-CBA brand attitudes.

Originality/value

It investigates the mediating effect of attitudes toward a CBA event on the relationship between CETs and post-CBA attitudes toward the acquirer's corporate brand and the effects of brand-image fit on attitudes toward a CBA event and post-CBA brand attitudes.
Strategic and institutional sustainability: corporate social responsibility, brand value, and Interbrand listing
Authors: Agus Harjoto Maretno , Salas Jim
Published: August 2017

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the impact of strategic and institutional (normative) corporate social responsibility (CSR) on brand value and brand reputation, based on the strategic and legitimacy theory of CSR. It argues that because CSR strengths represent firms’ proactive approach to satisfy their stakeholders’ interests, the authors expect that this proactive approach is likely to generate an accumulated level of reservoir of goodwill that is positively related to the level of brand value. In contrast, the authors would expect that social irresponsibility (CSR concerns), as a measure of firms’ reactive position to stakeholders’ interests, adversely affects the incremental change in this reservoir of goodwill.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper measures strategic CSR using CSR strengths and normative (institutional) CSR from CSR concerns scores from the MSCI ESG (Kinder Lydenburg Domini). This paper measures the level of brand value from the Interbrand listing, and it measures the brand reputation based on changes in brand value and brand ranking from Interbrand’s 100 global brands.

Findings

This paper finds evidence to support the authors’ theory that one-, two- and three-year lagged CSR strengths positively affect the level of brand value. This study also finds empirical evidence to support the authors’ hypothesis that CSR concerns adversely affect changes in brand value and brand ranking. This study concludes that the differing impacts of CSR strengths and CSR concerns help the authors better understand the impacts of firms’ pro-action and reaction to stakeholders’ interests ion brand values and ranking.

Practical implications

The findings indicate that strategic CSR enhances brand value, while socially irresponsible activities that are against social norms, values and ethics adversely affect the companies’ legitimacy and adversely affect changes in brand reputation.

Originality/value

This research offers a new perspective to distinguish the differing impacts of CSR strengths and concerns on brand value and brand reputation.
Fewer reasons to sin: a five-factor investigation of vice stock returns
Authors: Richey Greg
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the return performance of a portfolio of US “vice stocks,” firms that manufacture and sell products such as alcohol, tobacco, gaming services, national defense and firearms, adult entertainment, and payday lenders.

Design/methodology/approach

Using daily return data from a portfolio of vice stocks over the period 1987-2016, the author computes the Jensen’s α (capital asset pricing model (CAPM)), Fama-French Three-Factor, Carhart Four-Factor, and Fama-French Five-Factor results for the complete portfolio, and each vice industry individually.

Findings

The results from the CAPM, Fama-French Three-Factor Model, and the Carhart Four-Factor Model show a positive and significant α for the vice portfolio throughout the sample period. However, the α’s significance disappears with the addition of the explanatory variables from the Fama-French Five-Factor Model.

Originality/value

The author provides academics and practitioners with results from a new model. As of this writing, the author is unaware of any articles published in peer-reviewed academic journals that investigate vice stocks within the framework of the Fama-French Five-Factor Model (2015). First, the existing literature does not shed light on the relationship between “profitability” and “aggressiveness” (the fourth and fifth factors of the Fama-French Model) and vice stock returns. Second, within the framework of the Fama-French Five-Factor Model, the author shows results not only from a portfolio of vice stocks, but from various vice industries as well.
Self‐disclosure, trauma and the pressures on the analyst
Authors: West Marcus
Published: August 2017

This paper argues that self‐disclosure is intimately related to traumatic experience and the pressures on the analyst not to re‐traumatize the patient or repeat traumatic dynamics. The paper gives a number of examples of such pressures and outlines the difficulties the analyst may experience in adopting an analytic attitude – attempting to stay as closely as possible with what the patient brings. It suggests that self‐disclosure may be used to try to disconfirm the patient's negative sense of themselves or the analyst, or to try to induce a positive sense of self or of the analyst which, whilst well‐meaning, may be missing the point and may be prolonging the patient's distress. Examples are given of staying with the co‐construction of the traumatic early relational dynamics and thus working through the traumatic complex; this attitude is compared and contrasted with some relational psychoanalytic attitudes.
Prenatal androgen receptor activation determines adult alcohol and water drinking in a sex‐specific way
Authors: Huber Sabine E. , Zoicas Iulia , Reichel Martin , Mühle Christiane , Büttner Christian , Ekici Arif B. , Eulenburg Volker , Lenz Bernd , Kornhuber Johannes , Müller Christian P.
Published: August 2017

Alcohol use disorders are major psychiatric disorders. Correlational studies in humans suggested organizational hormonal effects during embryonic development as a risk factor for adult alcohol dependence. Permanent changes can be induced by the activity of sex hormones, like testosterone. Here, we demonstrate a relationship between prenatal androgen receptor (AR)‐activation and adult alcohol as well as water drinking in mice in a sex‐dependent fashion. Prenatal AR inhibition using the antagonist flutamide decreased adult male alcohol consumption. In contrast, prenatal AR activation by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) led to an increase in adult alcohol consumption in females. These effects were different in adult water drinking, flutamide increased water consumption in females and DHT increased water consumption in males. Prenatal flutamide reduced locomotion and anxiety in adult males but was ineffective in females. We found that prenatal AR activation controls adult levels of monoaminergic modulatory transmitters in the brain and blood hormone levels in a sex‐specific way. RNA‐Seq analysis confirmed a prenatal AR mediated control of adult expression of alcohol drinking‐related genes like Bdnf and Per2. These findings demonstrate that prenatal androgen activity is a risk factor for the establishment of alcohol consumption in adults by its organizational effects.
The effects of Mongolia's booming mining industry on its agricultural sector: A test for Dutch disease
Authors: Ge Wei , Kinnucan Henry W.
Published: August 2017

Dutch disease occurs when currency strengthening associated with a booming sector of an economy crowds out a lagging trade‐dependent sector. In this study, a Keynesian‐style model is specified to deduce hypotheses about how increased foreign direct investment (FDI) aimed at Mongolia's mining sector affects its agricultural sector. A key finding is that while econometric results suggest the increased FDI strengthened Mongolia's currency, its adverse effect on Mongolia's trade‐sensitive agricultural sector is not sufficiently strong to cause the sector to decline. Although Dutch disease was not detected, the posited mechanism clearly is important. Specifically, when currency strengthening is ignored the reduced‐form elasticity of agricultural value‐added with respect to FDI is 2.7 times larger than when currency strengthening is taken into account (0.103 vs. 0.038). Also, FDI‐induced currency strengthening causes the Keynesian multiplierto drop from 2.40 to 2.00 and the FDI multiplierto drop from 3.05 to 1.89.
Drug eruption caused by enzalutamide: A case and literature review of androgen receptor inhibitor‐related drug eruptions
Authors: Saito‐Sasaki Natsuko , Sawada Yu , Okada Etsuko , Nakamura Motonobu
Published: August 2017

Enzalutamide is an androgen receptor inhibitor. We report a new cutaneous eruption to this drug and review cases of drug eruptions caused by androgen receptor inhibitors.