bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of re-exposure to instruction and the use of discourse-level interpretation tasks on processing instruction and the Japanese passive
Authors: Benati Alessandro
Published: May 2015

This experimental study explores immediate and re-exposure effects of processing instruction on the acquisition of Japanese passive forms as measured by sentence-level and discourse-level tasks. The passive construction in Japanese is affected by learners' use of the First Noun Strategy. Participants were English native speakers and were randomly assigned to one of three groups (processing instruction, processing instruction and re-exposure, and one control group), with the aim of measuring discourse-level and re-exposure effects. Two sentence-level tasks (interpretation and production), and one discourse level task (interpretation) were used in this experiment. The main findings from the study show that L2 learners receiving processing instruction not only improved in their ability to interpret and produce the target feature at sentence level, but they can also use the target forms to interpret discourse. Learners receiving re-exposure to the processing instruction treatment further improve their performance on both sentence-level and discourse-level tasks in an immediate and delayed post-tests battery.
Primary and secondary effects of processing instruction on Spanish clitic pronouns
Authors: White Justin
Published: May 2015

This study investigates the effects of token item frequency in Structured Input activities on both a primary target form (Spanish accusative clitics) and a secondary target form (Spanish dative clitics). Participants included 460 adult learners enrolled in a beginning-level Spanish language course and they were exposed to either 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, or 140 target form tokens. This study included a pretest, immediate posttest, and a delayed posttest measuring interpretation and production of both primary and secondary target forms. Findings reveal that primary form interpretation effects across all frequencies, however, production findings present themselves with the 60 and 80 token groups only. Secondary form interpretation findings reveal themselves across all frequency levels with the exception of the lowest frequency investigated (40 tokens) and secondary form production mirror those found in previous studies on the same forms. As such, we discuss the theoretical and methodological ramifications of these findings as well as directions for future research.
Input, input processing, and output: A study with discourse-level input and the French causative
Authors: Wong Wynne
Published: May 2015

This study examines the effects of input-oriented instruction and instruction that involves cycles of input plus output via three learning conditions with discourse-level input: (1) an input-oriented task in the form of a structured input reading activity, (2) a reading activity with comprehension questions, and (3) an input plus output-oriented task in the form of a text reconstruction activity, on the learning of the French causative structure. Results revealed that participants who engaged in the structured input reading activity performed significantly better than those in the other two learning conditions on both an interpretation and a production task.
The effects of Processing Instruction on the acquisition of English simple past tense: Age and cognitive task demands
Authors: Benati Alessandro , Angelovska Tanja
Published: May 2015

The present study investigates the effects of Processing Instruction on two different age groups and the role that cognitive task demands might play in the results generated by Processing Instruction. This study includes school-age children and adult native speakers of German learning English as a foreign language – a language combination not previously investigated within the Processing Instruction and individual differences research paradigm. The present study investigates directly whether two different age groups will benefit equally from Processing Instruction in altering their reliance on lexical temporal indicators and redirecting their attention to verb forms on Processing Instruction activities with different cognitive demands. The grammatical feature chosen for this study is the English past simple tense marking tested on both interpretation and production measures. The results from this study provide further evidence that the Processing Instruction is an effective instructional treatment in helping school-age children and adult L2 learners to make accurate form-meaning connections. The results from the first sentence-level interpretation task and the production task showed that Processing Instruction has positive and equal effects on both age groups (school-age learners and adults). The positive effects of instruction were maintained over the delayed post-test for both age groups who made similar gains on the immediate post-test. The results from the second (cognitively more complex) sentence-level interpretation task indicated that the adults made greater gains than school-age learners. However, both groups retained the positive effects of instruction over time. The difference in gains between the two age groups on the second sentence-level interpretation task can be explained in terms of cognitive processing load.
A commentary on processing instruction
Authors: Sharwood-Smith Michael
Published: May 2015

The commentary takes the form of reflections occasioned by the debate carried out in the various contributions to this volume as also the related presentations and discussions that took place at the Symposium on Processing Instruction at the University of Greenwich in September, 2013. Rather than review each contribution the debate is be placed within a historical perspective and focus is on the changing relationship between two types of professional: a) those who seek to extend our understanding of second language acquisition and b) those whose main aim is to assist language instructors by applying insights from theoretical research and, by so doing, provide their profession with a modern scientific foundation. It is about the relationship between the ‘understanders’, on the one hand, and the ‘helpers’ on the other. The interaction between Input Processing Theory (IP)– the theory – and Processing Instruction (PI) – the application – provides an ideal background for such a discussion.
Swallowed glucocorticoid therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis in children does not suppress adrenal function
Authors: Philla Katherine Q. , Min Steve B. , Hefner Jody N. , Howard Robin S. , Reinhardt Brian J. , Nazareno Luz G. , Vogt Karen S.
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of chronic swallowed glucocorticoids on adrenal function during the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in children.

Serum cortisol levels were obtained in children with EoE pre- and post-treatment with swallowed glucocorticoids. Exclusion criteria included those on any additional steroid therapy. Once diagnosed with EoE by esophageal biopsy, subjects were treated based on current standard of care with either swallowed fluticasone or budesonide. At the time of follow-up, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and blood sampling was repeated. Both pre- and post-treatment serum cortisol samples were collected fasting, between 07:00 and 10:00, and determined using a competitive binding method assay. The distribution of differences in cortisol levels between the pre- and post-treatment samples satisfied the assumption for normality and were subsequently analyzed using the paired t-test.

Pre- and post-treatment serum cortisol levels were examined in 14 children who met clinical and histological diagnostic criteria for EoE. Mean age was 10.1 years (range 2–17 years) with 71% male and 29% female subjects. Swallowed glucocorticoid treatment included fluticasone in 79% and budesonide in 21% of subjects. Mean dosage of fluticasone was 704 μg daily (range 220–880 μg daily) and budesonide 0.8 mg daily (range 0.5–1 mg daily), along with a mean treatment length of 17 weeks (range 8–43 weeks). No significant difference in serum cortisol was found following treatment with swallowed fluticasone or budesonide (mean change 1.9 μg/dL, p=0.75, SD of the change=21.2).

Swallowed glucocorticoid therapy does not appear to significantly affect the adrenal axis in children, and therefore, may represent a safe therapy for EoE.
A rare cause of fatal pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: Niemann-Pick disease type C2 and a novel mutation
Authors: Yaman Ayhan , Eminoğlu Fatma T. , Kendirli Tanıl , Ödek Çağlar , Ceylaner Serdar , Kansu Aydan , İnce Elif , Deda Gülhis
Published: May 2015

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a fatal autosomal recessive lipid storage disease associated with impaired trafficking of unesterified cholesterol and glycolipids in lysosomes and late endosomes. This disease is commonly characterized by hepatosplenomegaly and severe progressive neurological dysfunction. There are two defective genes that cause this illness. One of these genes is
Railways Restructuring and Ukrainian Economic Reform
Authors: Pittman Russell
Published: May 2015

If the Ukrainian economy is to be successfully restructured going forward, a restructured railway system will have to be part of the picture. This paper begins with a discussion of the crucial role that the Ukrainian railway plays in the Ukrainian economy. We follow with a survey of the world experience with railways restructuring: a large number of countries have already undertaken the task of converting sagging government-owned monopoly railways into more dynamic and competitive transport enterprises, and their experience in very diverse settings may have important lessons to offer. We then examine the current state of rail reform plans in Ukraine. We conclude with discussions of alternative paths forward that seem most likely to be successful in Ukraine, based on both the experience elsewhere and the country’s current situation.
Comparison of natural NQO2 inhibitors as a new target for cancer treatment in different cell lines
Authors: Yerer Mükerrem Betül , Demirpolat Eren , Cumaoğlu Ahmet , Torçuk Canan , İmamoğlu Nefise Nalan , Koşar Müberra
Published: May 2015

Objective: Quinones are highly reactive compounds undergoing either one- or two-electron reductions. Enzymatic one-electron reduction generates unstable semiquinone radicals which readily undergo redox cycling over NQO1 and NQO2 enzymes, in the presence of molecular oxygen, leading to the production of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS). NQO1 is responsible form detoxification where NQO2 inhibitors are found to show potent anticancerogenic effects. The aim of this study is to investigate some natural inhibitors of the NQO2 enzyme and to identify their action mechanisms over this enzyme on different cancer cell lines.

Methods: First of all the NQO2 inihibitry effects of flavonoids were investigated over enzyme kinetix and Ki values were calculated. Then the cytotoxic effects of flavonoids on different cancer cell lines such as Jurkat Clone E-6, MCF7 and HepG2 cancer cell lines were investigated via MTT test and their effects on NQO2 protein expressions via western blotting.

Results: Ki values for NQO2 inhibitory effects of the studied flavonoids are respectively, Apigenin (0.25 nM) <Kaempferol (0.55 nM) <Quercetin (1.06 nM) <Luteolin (1.54 nM). The IC50 values for flavonoids in three different cell lines were as follows: for Apigenin; 140 μM, 50 μM and 50 μM, for Kaempferol; 40 μM, 100 μM and 400 μM, for Quercetin; 10 μM, 60 μM and 50 μM, and for Luteolin; 50 μM, 60 μM and 75 μM in Jurkat Clone E-6, MCF7 and HepG2 cell lines, respectively. According to the western blotting results in Jurkat cell line, Apigenin; in MCF7, Kaempferol; significantly (p<0.05) reduced the NQO2 expression whereas in HepG2 cell lines any of them did not reveal any inhibitory effects.

Conclusion: As a result, the tested flavonoids were all inhibitors of NQO2 enzyme in nM levels and in Jurkat and MCF7 cell lines the cytotoxic effects of Apigenin and Kaempferol have been associated with NQO2 inhibition.
Synthese, Organ-Verteilung und cytostatische Wirkung der N-Methyl-N-β-chloräthyl-hydrazone von Metallocen-aldehyden / Synthesis, Biochemistry and Cytostatic Effects of N-Methyl-N-β-chlorethyl-hydrazones of Metallocene Aldehydes
Authors: Wenzel M. , S chneider M. , Liss E.
Published: May 2015

Since the N-Methyl-N-β-chlorethylhydrazone of benzaldehyde has cytostatic effects, the corre­sponding hydrazones of ferrocene-and ruthenocenaldehyde were synthesized. The ruthenocenal-dehyde hydrazone was labelled with 103Ru and its excretion, metabolism and organ-distribution in mice and rats were measured. The hydrazone was metabolized to one main metabolite, which was rapidly excreted in the bile. No evidence for the liberation of ruthenium ions was found. The hydrazone had a very high affinity to lung tissue, a 103Ru-concentration ratio lung/muscle of 600 : 1 was found, but only moderate affinities to liver, kidney and gut. The affinity for thymus, spleen and tumor was low. Both metallocenaldehyde hydrazones showed cytostatic effects, similar to that of benzaldehyde hydrazone.
A Model Mechanism for the Enzymatic Synthesis of Lupin Alkaloids
Authors: Wink Michael , Hartmann Thomas , Schiebel Hans-M artin
Published: May 2015

A crude enzyme preparation obtained from cell suspension cultures of Lupinus polyphyllus catalyzes the pyruvate dependent conversion of cadaverine into the tetracyclic lupin alkaloids. As the first reaction product 17-oxosparteine could be identified by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy. In some experiments sparteine was found additionally. A participation of di­amine oxidase could be ruled out. The cadaverine-pyruvate transaminating enzyme system (17-oxosparteine synthase) catalyzes the formation of 17-oxosparteine from three cadaverine units without releasing free intermediates. These results are inconsistent with the hypothetical mechanism thus far formulated for the lupin alkaloid biosynthesis. A new enzymatic model mechanism is proposed regarding both the results of the enzymatic experiments and those of the in vivo tracer studies.
Purification and Properties of a Catechol Methyltransferase of the Yeast Candida tropicalis
Authors: Veser Joseph , Geywitz Peter , Thomas Helmut
Published: May 2015

In an effort to investigate catechol methyltransferase activity in sources other than mammalian tissues and cells, a high level of enzyme activity was found in the yeast fungus Candida tropicalis CBS 94. Partial purification of the enzyme (approx. 550 fold with a recovery of 7%) could be achieved by using ion-exchange and gel filtration techniques. The molecular weight was estimated at 32,000 ± 2,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. In isoelectric focusing experiments on Sephadex G-75 the enzyme exhibited a pl-value o f 5.0 ± 0.1. In contrast to catechol methyltransferase from various mammalian tissues the enzyme activity was prepared from the pH 5-sediment. The substrate specifity is comparable to other catechol methyltransferases.
Acetylcholinesterase aus Rindererythrozyten. Reinigung und Eigenschaften des mit und ohne Triton X-100 solubilisierten Enzyms / Acetylcholinesterase from Bovine Erythrocytes. Purification and Properties of the En­zyme Solubilized in the Presence and the Absence of Triton X-100
Authors: Großmann Heinz , Liefländer Manfred
Published: May 2015

Acetylcholinesterase was released from bovine erythrocytes by Triton X-100 treatment and pu­rified by twofold affinity chromatography. The detergentfree enzyme was obtained with a specific activity of 4130 U /mg (303 000-fold purification) and a 25% yield. Alternatively, the commercial available crude enzyme was purified. The latter preparation has an uniform molecular weight (Mr 175 000). The Triton-solubilized enzyme, however, can be resolved after removal of the detergent in eight multiple forms (Mr 175 000 and multiple values), in the presence of Triton there exists only one form (Mr 338 000). The amino acid composition of the two enzyme preparations differs significantly. No differences were observed with respect to other properties: SDS gel electrophore­sis revealed two protein bands (Mr 166 000 and 86 000) with both preparations. The enzyme is a glycoprotein with a pI value of 4.3 and contains strongly bound phosphatidylethanolamine. The N-terminal amino acid has been found to be Glu (or Gin).
UDP-Glucose: Glucosyltransferase Activity Involved in the Biosynthesis of Flavonol Triglucosides in Pisum sativum L. Seedlings
Authors: Shute Josie L. , Jourdan Pablo S. , Mansell Richard L.
Published: May 2015

From young, light-grown seedlings of Pisum sativum L. an enzyme activity catalyzing the glucosylation of kaempferol and quercetin in the 3-position to form the 3-O-triglucoside derivative has been demonstrated. The reaction proceeds from the aglycone via the mono-and diglucoside intermediates. The triglucoside can be produced from any of the less substituted derivatives with uridine diphosphate-D-glucose (UDPG) as the glucosyl donor. Young leaf tissues had much high­er levels of glucosyltransferase activity than the petioles and internodes. This is the first report of the synthesis of flavonol-3-0-triglucosides in vitro.
Der Einfluß zweiwertiger Fremdkationen auf die Aufnahme von Zink durch Chlorella / Influence of Twovalent Foreign Cations on the Uptake of Zinc by Chlorella
Authors: Klünger G. , Broda E.
Published: May 2015

The influence of 10-4 divalent cations on the uptake of labelled Zn in the concentration range 10-5 to 5 × 10-5 ᴍ into the interior of Chlorella fusca at 30 °C was measured during 75 min. The Zn adsorbed on the surface or contained in the free space was removed by washing with EDTA. Corrections were applied for the loss in concentration due to surface adsorption, etc. The results were consistent with competitive inhibition of Zn uptake by the foreign ions. No allosteric inhibition was found. From the Lineweaver-Burk diagram, for uninhibited Zn, Kᴍ was found as 7 × 10-6 ᴍ and νmax as 8.3 × 10-9 mol · min-1 · g-1 algae. The inhibitor constants were: Mg 1.3 × 10-5, Ca 4.3 × 10-5, Co 4.3 × 10-5, Ni 4.3 × 10-5, Cd 1.3 × 10-5 and Pb 9.4 × 10-7 ᴍ. The values given for Kᴍ and the inhibitor constant refer to the velocities of uptake after 45 min.
Effects of α-Aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic Acid on Phenylalanine Metabolism in p-Fluorophenylalanine Sensitive and Resistant Tobacco Cells
Authors: Berhn Jochen , Vollmer Brigitte
Published: May 2015

A p-fluorophenylalanine (PFP) resistant cell line with high phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity and wild type cells with low PAL activity were compared in their responses to PAL inhibition by α-aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid (AOP). Inhibition of PAL reduced the levels of the main phenolic compounds to 30% of the controls. Free phenylalanine pools increased 17 fold in the resistant line and 6 fold in the sensitive line, respectively. The accumulation of phenylalanine did not reduce the flow of labeled shikimic acid into the aromatic amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine. The results are discussed with respect to the feedback inhibition of chorismate mutase activity by phenylalanine and tyrosine in both cell lines.
Chemical Modification of Biliprotein Chromophores
Authors: Kufer W. , Scheer H.
Published: May 2015

The reaction of biliproteins with sodium dithionite has been studied. The reagent is selective towards the chromophores. In denatured phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis, all three chromophores react to form yellow “phycorubin”, whereas only 1/3 of the chromophores react in native phycocyanin in a non-statistical manner. From reversion experiments, it can be shown, that the thermodynamic stability of the chromophores towards reaction with dithionite is increased in the native pigment. Similarly, native phytochrome in its Pr form reacts only partially to a pigment absorbing at both 420 and 660 nm. The same product is formed from native Pfr, indicating both a reversion to Pr and a partial reduction.
Size Distribution in the Higher Stages of Polymerization of the A-Protein of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (vulgare)
Authors: Vogel Dieter , Marcillac Guy D. de , Hirth Léon , Gregori Eva , Jaenicke Rainer
Published: May 2015

The composition of the A-protein of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has been investigated by se­dimentation velocity, light-scattering, spectroscopic methods, and thermodynamic calculations, at concentrations from 5 to 20 mg/ml, at temperatures from 7 to 26 °C , at various pH and buffer conditions. Above distinct critical concentrations and temperatures aggregates are formed which sediment near 8S, while the concentration of the smaller aggregates that sediment in the trailing boundary, near 4S, remains approximately constant. We identify the 4S protein with two-layer aggregates (Durham and Klug, J. Mol. Biol., 1972), with weight average molecular weight (Mw) near 5 subunits, at the lower limit of polymerization. The 8S aggregates are best described by a series of three-layer aggregates, starting with a heptamer (Caspar, Adv. Protein Chem., 1963), but attaining M̅w corresponding to at least 12 subunits, at the upper limit. The 4S/8S equilibrium is not significantly changed by a change in pH, nor by the coexistence of higher aggregates (20 - 30S) with residual “A-protein”. Three-layer aggregates are more stable than two-layer aggregates, but significantly less stable than would be expected with strictly equivalent bonding; the third lay­er in the 8S protein disturbs the pairing between the two layers in the 4S protein, and the intersub­unit interaction near tryptophan 52 seems to be involved. From the structure, 8S protein should tend to polymerize easier to helices than to disks, in accordance with earlier suggestions (Vogel et al., Eur. J. Biochem., 1977), and corroborated by studies on TMV-mutants.
Quantitativer Vergleich der Initiator-Regionen (Ribosome Binding Sites) von 12 aus Escherichia coli stammenden Nukleotidsequenzen (RNA-und DNA-Phagen), die aus Triplets zusammengesetzt sind / Quantitative Comparison of Ribosome Binding Sites of Twelve Nucleotide Sequences from Escherichia coli (RNA-and DNA Phages) Based on Triplet Patterns
Authors: Köhler Erich
Published: May 2015

The molecular structure of ribosome binding sites of ten phage genes and two messengers of Escherichia coli were compared concerning the signation parts which are presumably used by ribosomes for recognition and binding. With a simple calculation based on triplet patterns sofar unknown agreements between all of these sequences were found. In several cases it was shown that agreements between old sequences are easier reognizable if the purine-and pyrimidine bases are put into the triplets instead of the four A, G, C, and U (T) bases. In such cases “homologous” parts of sequences were recognized with more distinctness. This is true in our case for the double triplet (hexaplet) py-pu-pu-pu-pu-(pu) and the binding site triplet py-pu-pu, which are preceding the ini­tiator. These triplets are in specific positions in all twelve sequences which were compared. The different course of the quaternary and the binary conformity curves (diagram 1) may show for the investigated area that the RNA phage gene-part is organized according to the well known quater­nary triplet code. On the contrary the phage φ-gene-part seems to be organized according to a more simple, binary triplet sequence of purine and pyrimidine bases. The binary sequence seems to be the more original, the quaternary the derived one.
Radioactive Labelling of Lipids in Rat Neuro­sarcom a by Intravenous Injection of [1-14C]- Octadecenol
Authors: Weber Nikolaus , Volm Manfred , Wayss Klaus , Richter Ingolf , Mangold Helmut K. , Mukherjee Kumar D.
Published: May 2015

Radioactivity from cis-9-[1-14C]octadecenol, injected in­ travenously into rats bearing neurosarcoma, is incorporated to a significantly greater extent into tumor than into mus­cle. In the lipids of both tissues, radioactivity is incorporated predominantly into the acyl moieties, rather than into the alkyl or alk-1-enyl moieties, of diradylglycerophosphocholines, diradylglycerophosphoethanolamines, and triradyl-glycerols.
Radiation Induced Loss of Anti-Ig Binding Ability of Lymphocytes
Authors: Ojeda F. , Flores M. , Folch H.
Published: May 2015

The effect of irradiation on the anti Ig binding ability of lymphocytes after irradiation was studied. Normal control and irradiated lymphoid cells were treated with rabbit anti mouse IgG fluorescein conjugated serum and the fluores­cein positive cells compared. A reduction in the proportion of stained cells in the irradiated lymphocytes was found. It depends on the dose and on the incubation time at 37 °C after irradiation. The maximum effect was detected after 10 minutes of incubation, longer incubation is associated with a partial recovery of the stainability of the IgG receptors.
Acylated flavonol diglucosides from Ammania auriculata
Authors: Nawwar Mahmoud , Ayoub Nahla , El-Raey Mohamed , Zaghloul Soumaya , Hashem Amani , Mostafa Eman , Eldahshan Omayma , Lindequist Ulrike , Linscheid Michael W.
Published: May 2015

Chemical investigation of the extract of the whole Ammania auriculata plant resulted in the identification of 13 polyphenols, including the hitherto unknown flavonoids, kaempferol 3-O-β-(6″-galloylglucopyranoside)-7-O-β-glucopyranoside, and its quercetin analogue. The structures of all isolates were elucidated by conventional methods, spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR, and by HRESI-MS as well.
Synthesis and antimicrobial properties of N-substituted derivatives of (E)-2′,3″-thiazachalcones
Authors: Usta Asu , Taşkıran Hacer
Published: May 2015

N-alkyl substituted 2′,3″-thiazachalcones {3-[(1E)-3-(4-methylthiophene-2-yl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl]-1-alkyl (C5–12,14) pyridinium bromides} were synthesized by a two-step reaction. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectral studies. The synthesized compounds were tested for antibacterial activities and found to be more active against Gram-positive as compared to Gram-negative bacteria.
TheWukongTerminal-Repeat Retrotransposon in Miniature (TRIM) Elements in Diverse Maize Germplasm
Authors: Liu Zhen , Li Xinxin , Wang Tingzhang , Messing Joachim , Xu Jian-Hong
Published: May 2015

TRIMs (terminal-repeat retrotransposons in miniature), which are characterized by their small size, have been discovered in all investigated vascular plants and even in animals. Here, we identified a highly conservative TRIM family referred to as Wukong elements in the maize genome. The Wukong family shows a distinct pattern of tandem arrangement in the maize genome suggesting a high rate of unequal crossing over. Estimation of insertion times implies a burst of retrotransposition activity of the Wukong family after the allotetraploidization of maize. Using next-generation sequencing data, we detected 87 new Wukong insertions in parents of the maize NAM population relative to the B73 reference genome and found abundant insertion polymorphism of Wukong elements in 75 re-sequenced maize lines, including teosinte, landraces, and improved lines. These results suggest that Wukong elements possessed a persistent retrotransposition activity throughout maize evolution. Moreover, the phylogenetic relationships among 76 maize inbreds and their relatives based on insertion polymorphisms of Wukong elements should provide us with reliable molecular markers for biodiversity and genetics studies.
Investigating thiol-epoxy composites for semiconductor die attach adhesives
Authors: Wei Andrew , Reit Radu , Voit Walter
Published: May 2015

In this study, thiol-epoxy polymer composites are explored as candidates for high-temperature die attach applications. We present a polymer composite processing technique for die attach adhesives with low cure-stress. Lap shear samples of both a polymer adhesive and current industry adhesives were subjected to tensile testing and die shear strength was compared. At 260 °C, the candidate polymer adhesive exhibited a die shear strength of 0.500 MPa in comparison with 1.35 MPa and 0.258 MPa for two control adhesives. While samples showed less variation in properties in die shear strength between room temperature and 260 °C, the absolute die shear strength values were inferior to commercial adhesives at both room and elevated temperatures. We hypothesize that low cure stress networks, such as the thiol-epoxies presented, provide a compelling choice to engineer new die attach adhesives, but realize that further network refining is needed including the addition of adhesion promoters and other additives, a task better suited to industrial research with a focus in properties optimization.
Organic photovoltaic module development with inverted device structure
Authors: Mori Shigehiko , Oh-oka Haruhi , Nakao Hideyuki , Gotanda Takeshi , Nakano Yoshihiko , Jung Hyangmi , Iida Atsuko , Hayase Rumiko , Shida Naomi , Saito Mitsunaga , Todori Kenji , Asakura Taro , Matsui Akihiro , Hosoya Masahiro
Published: May 2015

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules with 9.5% (25 cm2) and 8.7% (802 cm2) have been demonstrated. This PCE of the module exceeded our previous world records of 8.5% (25 cm2) and 6.8% (396 cm2) that were listed in the latest Solar Cell Efficiency Tables ver.43 [1]. Both module design and coating/patterning technique were consistently studied for module development. In order to achieve highly efficient modules, we increased the ratio of photo-active area to designated illumination area to 94% without any scribing process and placed insulating layers in order to decrease the leakage current. The meniscus coating method was used for the fabrication of both buffer and photoactive layers. This technique ensures the fabrication of uniform and nanometer order thickness layers with thickness variation less than 3%. Furthermore, the PCE of the OPV under indoor illumination was found to be higher than that of the conventional Si type solar cells. This indicates that OPVs are promising as electrical power supplies for indoor applications. Therefore, we have also developed several prototypes for electronics integrated photovoltaics (EIPV) such as electrical shelf labels and wireless sensors embedded with our OPV modules, which can be operated by indoor lights.
CIÊNCIA E LINGUAGEM: INTEGRANDO DISCURSO E CONTEXTO NA ANÁLISE DAS CONCLUSÕES DE ARTIGOS CIENTÍFICOS EXPERIMENTAIS DO MEMÓRIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ (1909-1919 E 1980-1989)
Authors: Walsh Bianca
Published: May 2015

Resumo: Neste trabalho, foram analisadas as conclusões dos artigos científicos experimentais de um periódico brasileiro tradicional, considerando os períodos de 1909-19 e 1980-89. A análise integrou língua e contexto ao revelar tipos de argumentos, movimentos retóricos e traços linguísticos. Os achados foram a mudança de um discurso linear e menos retoricamente elaborado no primeiro período para uma densidade e ciclicidade altamente retóricas no segundo. Esses achados correlacionam-se com a mudança de uma comunidade de prestígio, coesa e pequena para uma comunidade grande e pressionada a adaptar-se aos parâmetros da big science sem nenhum apoio governamental. São discutidas contribuições aos estudos de gênero, estudos da ciência e ensino para fins acadêmicos.
O Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida nas regiões metropolitanas de São Paulo e Campinas: aspectos socioespaciais e segregação
Authors: Rolnik Raquel , Pereira Alvaro Luis dos Santos , Moreira Fernanda Accioly , Royer Luciana de Oliveira , Iacovini Rodrigo Faria Gonçalves , Nisida Vitor Coelho
Published: May 2015

Lançado em 2009, o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV), atual política habitacional do Governo Federal, vem desencadeando impactos territoriais significativos nas cidades brasileiras. Embora o programa tenha alçado o tema da habitação a uma posição de destaque na agenda do Governo Federal, incluindo grandes subsídios, o padrão de inserção urbana de seus empreendimentos reafirma a predominância de um modelo de urbanização excludente e precário na maior parte das cidades do país, especialmente nas principais regiões metropolitanas. É o que o artigo procura demonstrar, a partir de uma análise dos padrões de inserção urbana dos empreendimentos produzidos no âmbito do PMCMV, entre 2009 e 2012, nas regiões metropolitanas de São Paulo e Campinas.
Fragmentación de escala y precarización. Referentes de la estructuración urbana convencional
Authors: Monroy Rafael
Published: May 2015

Los países subdesarrollados cumplen el papel de aprovisionamiento de factores de producción en la racionalidad económica contemporánea. Las condiciones territoriales y sociales locales refieren un proceso de fragmentación de escala y precarización porque existe una tendencia a la ocupación irrestricta del suelo para el emplazamiento económico y urbano, así como una extracción de recursos intensiva y un deterioro de la capacidad de reproducción social. En el caso mexicano, la pérdida de suelo agrícola implica la reducción de la producción de alimentos básicos para la población, particularmente el maíz, pero de la misma forma, la sustitución de selva y bosque están asociados a las condiciones de sobreexplotación de acuíferos en la región con la mayor aglomeración. Además, los registros de precariedad en la vivienda indican que poco más del 60% de la población se encuentra en tales condiciones, lo cual no valida la adopción de estrategias de competitividad urbana, por ejemplo.
AINDA A QUESTÃO DE GÊNERO – (IN) DETERMINAÇÃO OU LUTA POR RECONHECIMENTO?
Authors: Cristófaro Helgis Torres , Manzi Filho Ronaldo
Published: May 2015

Este texto pretende apresentar algumas posições sobre o problema do gênero, na modernidade. Partindo do diagnóstico de Foucault de que os processos de constituição e de produção do sujeito implicariam ter um modelo de autodeterminação de si, buscamos pensar o problema do gênero por duas vertentes: por um lado, uma proposta de Butler, em que a sexualidade não poderia ser determinada, pois ela sempre resistiria a qualquer forma de normatização; por outro, uma luta por reconhecimento da individualidade que procura incluir todas as possibilidades de autorrealização de si, na esfera jurídica. Nossa proposta é avaliar esses dois modelos e questionar o que poderia estar mais próximo das demandas sociais em relação ao problema do gênero e, de um modo mais amplo, do problema da identidade individual.
Building spatial cloud-based local government services
Authors: Bediroglu Sevket , Yildirim Volkan , Nisanci Recep
Published: May 2015

Nowadays, administrators and practitioners want to speed up task processes, as decision-making and application periods in business life have been decreasing. As a result of this demand, accessing data clusters outdoors is now a necessity. Space and time dependency for accessing data has been reduced with the help of information technologies. Recently, a new technology called cloud computing (CC) has been developed to store and share the data under an Internet infrastructure. From a traditional viewpoint, editing, analysing and sharing spatial data have been made by way of a geographical information system (GIS). When technology developers harmonised CC and GIS, a new technological era called spatial cloud computing (SCC) or cloud GIS emerged. SCC is an efficient tool that is used for refining GIS applications and also delivering a comprehensive service for local governments. CC presents new important research eras in terms of development of GIS technology. The aim of this work was to determine the technical and practical problems in the process of moving towards SCC in Turkey and to prepare ‘would-be’ solutions for local government organisations. Some interoperability models for integrating spatial datasets were developed and tested with sample datasets.
Présentation
Authors: Garneau Michèle
Published: May 2015

Présentation
Présentation du dossier-artiste dominic gagnon
Authors: Parenteau-Rodriguez Dolorès
Published: May 2015

PORTFOLIODu moteur à explosion (2000) | The Matrix (2004) | Haute vitesse (2007) | RIP in Pieces America (2009) | Data (2010) | Big Kiss Goodnight (2012) | Pieces and Love All to Hell (2011) | Hoax_Canular (2013)
Searching for methods to predict septic complications in surgical patients
Authors: Zakiev T Z , Tuysin S R , Gil’fanov A R , Sagdiev R D , Zakieva I V
Published: May 2015

Aim. To assess the significance of acute stage reactants as the marker for purulent complications in surgical patients.Methods. We analyzed the results of treatment of 228 patients with purulent and inflammatory diseases of soft tissues, treated in 2011-2014. Acute phase reactants: C-reactive protein, albumin and fibrinogen were measured starting from the day of admission and surgical treatment and during the next 7 days. The control group (112 patients) included patients whowere treated conventionally by gauze bandage with water-soluble ointments and antiseptic solutions and broad-spectrum antibiotics. In the study group (116 patients) topical treatment of wounds was performed using «Poliderm» bandages.Results. Application of the «Poliderm» combined dressing reduced the wounds clearance term from 4.3±0.5 to 3.2±0.4 days, active inflammation term from 8.8±1.3 to 6.4±0.7 days, epithelialization of the wound from 10.1±0.8 to 8.4±0.6 days. C-reactive protein level was 87.3±4.3 g/l at the day of admission and decreased by day 7 to 34.13±1.2 g/l, compared to 51.83±3.6 g/l on the 7th day in the control group. Albumin level was 42.73±3.7 g/l in the study group with further decrease to 40.33±1.7 g/l on the 2nd and subsequent increase up to 45.13±1.3 g/l on the day 7. Patients of the control group had albumin level decreased on the 2nd and 3rd days with further increase up to 41.73±2.1 g/l on the day 7. At the treatment start, leukocyte intoxication index was 5.923±0.4 in the main group and 5.873±0.3 in the control group. On the 2nd day, this parameter decreased to 5.12 in the main group and to 5.41 in the control group.Conclusion. Measuring the levels of acute phase reactants (C-reactive protein, albumin, etc.) allows to assess the clinical course of a purulent and inflammatory disease, to register the good treatment effect on the 1-2nd day of treatment, even before the significant clinical changes, changes in the body temperature, white blood cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
Potential humoral markers of gastric and duodenal stress ulcers accompanied by concomitant head injury
Authors: Alyev F I
Published: May 2015

Aim. To evaluate the significance of a number of humoral indicators in gastrointestinal bleeding at various stages of severe concomitant head injury.Methods. The study included 347 patients with severe head injuries (brain contusion, intracerebral hemorrhage) associated with fractures of the extremities and pelvis (215 patients), abdominal organs injuries (75 patients), chest and lung injuries (57 patients). Samples of blood and stomach contents were taken on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th, 9th, 12th, 15th and 18th days after the injury. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed on the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 10th day after the trauma. Anti-streptolysin O, antihyaluronidase, C-reactive protein, sialic acids levels were determined by serum titration and precipitate formation.Results. On the 1st day, anti-streptolysin O level exceeded normal values (by 4.1±1.3 IU/ml), reaching a maximum value by 8-10th day (exceeding the normal range by 61.3±1.7 IU/ml) with further decrease after the 15th day. Antihyaluronidase level was permanently increased from the 5th day of observation. C-reactive protein level was higher than normal from the first day of study (0.1±0.17 mg/l), with further upward trend, reaching its peak on day 9, indicating continuous inflammation. Sialic acids level in the first days was twice as high as the normal level, and remained almost at the same level until the end of the study. Endoscopic examinations in 21 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding showed that in 11 (52.4%) cases, the source of bleeding were acute gastric and duodenal erosions and ulcers, in 5 (23.8%) cases - chronic gastric and duodenal ulcers, in 5 (23.8%) cases bleeding occurred due to exacerbation of chronic duodenal ulcer.Conclusion. Changes in serum anti-streptolysin O, antihyaluronidase, sialic acids levels in patients with severe head injuries, combined with other injuries may reflect the pathogenesis of acute gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers and be considered as the markers for their development.
On the possibility of an increased risk of breast cancer in patients who underwent breast surgeries for benign diseases
Authors: Klyushkin I V , Pasynkov D V , Busygina O V , Pasynkova O O
Published: May 2015

Aim. Assessment of risk of breast cancer secondary to earlier breast surgery for benign disease.Methods. The initial sample group of breast cancer included 295 patients who were followed up for 2006-2010. The final sample group of breast cancer (for primary analysis) was formed from this group and included 204 patients in order to provide accurate comparison with the control group on factors affecting the breast surgery probability for benign processes for life and on the lifetime risk for breast cancer. The control group included 1141 patients. The rate of surgical interventions for benign breast diseases was compared in the breast cancer group for primary analysis and the control group.Results. The rate of surgical interventions was significantly higher in breast cancer patients: (7.35 vs. 3.94% in the control group): odds ratio for breast cancer patients was 1.137; 95% confidence interval 0.981-1.318 (p=0.03). Duration of the gap between the initial surgical and subsequent development of breast cancer on operated side was 20.05±11.373 years (variation range - 8 to 54 years).Conclusion. Performed breast surgery might increase the risk of future developing breast cancer; however, a long-term study is needed to confirm these data.
Primary percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction complicated by «no-reflow» phenomenon
Authors: Iskhakov M M , Sayfullin R R , Yagafarov I R , Khatypov M G , Gazizov N V , Nugaybekova L A , Sayfutdinov R G
Published: May 2015

Aim. To study the association of «no-reflow» phenomenon incidence and the method of primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, and to determine the optimal tactics for primary coronary intervention.Methods. A retrospective analysis of 1339 cases of primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction performed in the period from January 2008 to June 2013 was executed. Depending on surgery method, all the patients were allocated to four groups: first group - direct stenting (n=483); second group - thromboaspiration before stenting (n=142); third group - balloon angioplasty and stenting using a small-diameter balloon ≤2.0 mm (n=491); fourth group - balloon angioplasty and stenting using a small-diameter balloon and subsequent use of medium and large-diameter balloons ≥2.0 mm (n=223).Results. «No-reflow» phenomenon was observed in 164 (12.2%) of cases, incliding 34 (7.0%) cases in the first group, 12 (8.4%) cases in the second group, 53 (10.8%) cases in the third group, and with the majority of cases seen in the fourth group - 65 (29.1%). At primary percutaneous coronary intervention, the following incidence of «no-reflow» phenomenon was observed depending on the infarct-related artery: left anterior descending artery - 85 cases (51.82% of the total number), right coronary artery - 51 (31.09%) cases, circumflex artery - 28 (17.07%) cases, and diagonal branch - 1 (0.6%) case.Conclusion. In primary percutaneous coronary intervention with direct stenting and thromboaspiration before stenting, the incidence of «no-reflow» phenomenon is significantly lower. Patients who undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention preceded by repeated balloon angioplasty using medium and large-diameter balloons are at higher risk for «no-reflow» phenomenon.
Differential diagnosis of hemangiomas and other orbital masses
Authors: Altynbaeva L R , Serezhin I N , Akchurina R A
Published: May 2015

Aim. To determine the differential diagnostic scintigraphic signs of hemangiomas and malignant tumors of the orbit.Methods. Comprehensive survey of 35 patients with orbital masses included a standard eye examination, ultrasound Doppler sonography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, scintigraphy using in vivo labeled 99mTs erythrocytes, and morphological study.Results. Scintigraphic studies using in vivo labeled 99mTs erythrocytes in 18 patients with hemangioma of the orbit, no accumulation of radiotracer in the dynamic phase of the study was observed. On the subsequent delayed planar scintigraphy and single-photon emission computerized tomography, intense delayed hyperfixation of in vivo labeled 99mTs erythrocytes in the lesion was revealed. In 8 patients with malignant orbital tumors (adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland - 4, osteogenic sarcoma - 1, olfactory neuroblastoma - 1, metastasis of renal cancer in orbit - 1) there was an intense accumulation of labeled erythrocytes in the projection of the affected area in all phases of the nuclear study. In patients with adenoma of the lacrimal gland, cranioorbital meningioma, orbital pseudo tumor, as well as in 1 patient with lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma, no pathological accumulation of in vivo labeled 99mTs erythrocytes in the lesion was observed at any stage of the study.Conclusion. According to the results of scintigraphic studies: (1) patients with orbital hemangioma had no accumulation of in vivo 99mTs labeled red blood cells in the vascular (dynamic) phase of the study and had hyperfixation of radiotracer in delayed planar scintigraphy and single-photon emission computerized tomography; (2) intensive accumulation of labeled 99mTs erythrocytes in tumor vascular (dynamic) phase of the study as well as in delayed planar scintigraphy and single-photon emission computerized tomography was characteristic of malignant neoplasms with hypervascularization.