bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Slow-Release Mometasone Furoate Injection of PLGA for the Treatment of Knee Arthritis
Authors: Liang Yutong , Zhang Jiaojiao , Zhao Xinghua , Wang Ming , Ding Shi , Wang Yang , Chen Ye , Liu Ju
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to develop a new PLGA based formulation for microspheres,
which aims to release mometasone furoate for one month, so as to improve compliance.

Methods:

The microspheres containing mometasone furoate were prepared by oil in water emulsion
and solvent evaporation. The microspheres were characterized by surface morphology, shape,
size and encapsulation efficiency. The release in vitro was studied in 37°C phosphate buffer, and in
vivo, pharmacodynamics and preliminary safety evaluation were conducted in male Sprague Dawley
rats.

Results:

The morphology results showed that the microspheres have a smooth surface, spherical
shape and an average diameter of 2.320-5.679μm. The encapsulation efficiency of the microspheres
loaded with mometasone furoate was in the range of 53.1% to 95.2%, and the encapsulation
efficiency of the microspheres could be greatly affected by the proportion of oil phase to the
water phase and other formulation parameters. In vitro release kinetics revealed that drug release
from microspheres was through non-Fick's diffusion and PLGA polymer erosion. Pharmacokinetic
data showed that the initial release of microspheres was small and then sustained. The results of the
pharmacodynamics study fully proved the long-term effectiveness of mometasone furoate microspheres.
The results of in vivo safety evaluation showed that the preparation system possessed good
in vivo safety.

Conclusion:

This study shows that the microspheres prepared in this study have sufficient ability
to stable drug release at least for 35 days, with good efficacy and high safety. In addition, mometasone
furoate can be used as a potential candidate drug for 35 days long-term injection.
Energy Provisioning and Inflammasome Activation: The Pivotal Role of AMPK in Sterile Inflammation and Associated Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Shrungeswara Akhila H. , Unnikrishnan Mazhuvancherry K.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Body defenses and metabolic processes probably co-evolved in such a way that rapid, energyintensive acute inflammatory repair is functionally integrated with energy allocation in a starvation/ infection / injury-prone
primitive environment. Disruptive metabolic surplus, aggravated by sedentary lifestyle, induces chronic under-activation of
AMPK, the master regulator of intracellular energy homeostasis. Sudden increase in chronic, dysregulated ‘sterile’ inflammatory disorders probably results from a shift towards calorie rich, sanitized, cushioned, injury/ infection free environment,
repositioning inflammatory repair pathways towards chronic, non-microbial, ‘sterile’, ‘low grade’, ‘parainflammation’.
AMPK, (at the helm of energy provisioning) supervises the metabolic regulation of inflammasome activation, a common
denominator in lifestyle disorders.

Discussion:

In this review we discuss various pathways linking AMPK under-activation and inflammasome activation.
AMPK under-activation, the possible norm in energy-rich sedentary lifestyle, could be the central agency that stimulates inflammasome activation by multiple pathways such as: [1] decreasing autophagy, and accumulation of intracellular DAMPs,
(particulate crystalline molecules, advanced glycation end-products, oxidized lipids etc.) [2] stimulating a glycolytic shift
(pro-inflammatory) in metabolism, [3] promoting NF-kB activation and decreasing Nrf2 activation, [4] increasing reactive
oxygen species (ROS) formation, unfolded protein response( UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

Conclusion:

The ‘inverse energy crisis’, associated with calorie-rich, sedentary lifestyle, advocates dietary and pharmacological interventions for treating chronic metabolic disorders by overcoming / reversing AMPK under-activation.
Regulation of MicroRNAs in Inflammation-Associated Colorectal Cancer: A Mechanistic Approach
Authors: Muthusami Sridhar , Ramachandran Ilangovan , Krishnamoorthy Sneha , Sambandam Yuvaraj , Ramalingam Satish , Queimado Lurdes , Chaudhuri Gautam , Ramachandran Ileng Kumaran
Published: September 2020

The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multistage process. The inflammation of the colon as in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) is often regarded as the initial trigger for the development of inflammation-associated CRC. Many cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins (ILs) are known to exert proinflammatory actions, and inflammation initiates or promotes tumorigenesis of various cancers, including CRC, through differential regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs). miRNAs can be oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs) or anti-oncomiRs/tumor suppressor miRNAs, and they play key roles during colorectal carcinogenesis. However, the functions and molecular mechanisms of regulation of miRNAs involved in inflammation-associated CRC are still anecdotal and largely unknown. Consolidating the published results and offering perspective solutions to circumvent CRC, the current review is focused on the role of miRNAs and their regulation in the development of CRC. We have also discussed the model systems adapted by researchers to delineate the role of miRNAs in inflammation-associated CRC.
Role of Thyroid Hormone and Oxidant Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Khan Mobidullah , Mukherjee Suchismita , Bank Sarbashri , Maiti Smarajit
Published: September 2020

Background:

Cardiovascular-diseases (CVD) are caused by different metabolic-anomalies
related to hypertension/sedentary lifestyle/drug-addiction/dyslipidemia and diabetes. The scanty
report suggests that metabolic-rate regulating thyroid hormones are linked to CVD.

Methods:

A total of 59 individuals (male, >45 yrs) were involved in this study. Blood-samples
from diagnosed cardiac-patients troponin (N=13, trop-T+), individuals with high-risk (N=15) (high
glucose/cholesterol/triglycerides), and with age-matched controls (N=31) were tested for the evaluation
of lipid-profiles/thyroid-hormones; Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone
(T3/T4/TSH), blood-glucose/oxidative-stress indicators like malondialdehyde(MDA)/
non-protein-soluble-thiol(NPSH) and metabolic inflammatory-marker; human C-reactive protein
hsCRP by biochemical-methods/ELISA.

Result:

Correlation-data suggest that in normal conditions, there is no significant correlation between
thyroid-hormones and other parameters. On the contrary, blood-glucose/triglyceride/uric-acid/
proteins are correlated in cardiac and high-risk patients, suggesting hypermetabolic conversion
of nutrients by biochemical connectors like the TCA cycle and gluconeogenesis pathways. Further,
the hypermetabolic-state is favored by the rise in the thyroid hormones level. In the high-glucose
group, there is a significant correlation between metabolic-parameter and oxidative-stress indices
like uric-acid/NPSH/MDA. T3 and T4 have also been linked to the serum-protein. But in the trop
t+ group, all thyroid hormones have been significantly associated with blood cholesterol/triglyceride
and glucose, suggesting the increasing involvement of thyroid-hormone in risk-factors and
disease groups. The hsCRP level was ~100% and ~5-fold higher in high cholesterol and trop t+
groups, respectively. T3 was also ~70%, ~4.5-fold, and ~3.5-fold higher in high-glucose/high-cholesterol/
trop-t+ groups, respectively. This suggests that T3/TSH is linked to pathogenesis and
severity.

Conclusion:

Dyslipidemia, oxidant-stress in association with T3, augments cardiac-pathogenesis.
Disruption of Healthcare Amid COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh
Authors: Reza Hasan Mahmud , Sultana Farhana , Khan Isha Olive
Published: September 2020

The world is experiencing an unrestrained devastating power of COVID-19. Lack of experience in combating such a pandemic, insufficient medical equipment and professionals, and above all, poor management have led to failure in controlling disease transmission to a large extent in Bangladesh. Therefore, an incredibly high percentage of people may need medical intervention. However, most of the hospitals in the country are not fully ready to cope with the expected surge in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The majority of the private hospitals and some government hospitals are not providing necessary medical care to both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to reinstate the healthcare system to full function to ensure proper treatment to the ailing patients of both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19.
Psychological Empowerment and Job Satisfaction of Temporary and Part-Time Nonstandard Workers: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Dickson Kevin E. , Lorenz Alicia
Published: September 2020

This study examines several relationships between psychological empowerment and job satisfaction of temporary and part-time nonstandard workers. Data were collected from undergraduate students employed in short-term jobs outside their field of study. This study found two cognitions of psychological empowerment (meaning and impact) to be positively associated with job satisfaction. This study also tested the relationships between organizational tenure and psychological empowerment and organizational tenure and job satisfaction for temporary and part-time nonstandard workers. The results indicate a positive relationship between organizational tenure and psychological empowerment and a negative relationship between organizational tenure and job satisfaction.
Profile and management of patients with low back pain complaints in a Brazilian Emergency Department: a cross-sectional retrospective study
Authors: Borges Larissa Faria , Cisneros Ligia Loiola , Silva Danielle Aquino , Borges Dario Amabile , Ferreira Manuela , Ferreira Paulo Henrique
Published: September 2020

Objective: To describe the demographic profile and the management of patients with low back pain (LBP) complaints presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) of a Brazilian public hospital. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of patients with LBP triaged at the studied ED through the Manchester Triage System along a year. Data were extracted from electronic medical records. LBP presentations were classified as non-traumatic, traumatic, and non-spinal related pain according to the signs and symptoms reported. Data included patients’ demographic profile, pain severity and management (e.g., imaging exams, medication prescription and hospitalization). Results: Data from 2016 patients was analyzed. Most were middle-aged adults (mean age = 40.5years, SD 15.7), female (n = 1043, 51.7%) and presented moderate pain intensity (score range 4 to 7 on the Visual Analogue Scale, n=1,471; 74.1%). Non-traumatic pain (n = 1,016; 50.4%) was the main cause of care-seeking. A total of 36.9% (n = 743) underwent imaging exams and 42.2% (n = 850) received medication. Patients with non-spinal related pain were three times more likely to receive opioid medication (OR = 2.96; 95%CI 2.30 to 3.79). Conclusion: Non-traumatic LBP (i.e., no history of trauma or red flags) was the main cause of LBP care-seeking in a Brazilian ED. Most patients were treated conservatively and without hospitalization. Opioids prescription and imaging exams, although performed on a smaller scale, were still used for of the management of this type of LBP.
Efecto del ozono y tiempo de almacenamiento sobre las características fisicoquímicas de espárrago verde (Asparagus officinalis L.) mínimamente procesado
Authors: Pretell-Vásquez Carla , Márquez-Villacorta Luis , Siche Raúl , Hayayumi-Valdivia María
Published: September 2020

A nivel mundial, Perú es uno de los principales productores de espárrago verde (Asparagus officinalis L.); este es un vegetal altamente perecible debido a su elevada velocidad de respiración y metabolismo, por lo que es muy importante conservar las características de calidad en los turiones, motivo por el cual se evaluó el efecto del ozono gaseoso (0 a 10 ppm) y tiempo de almacenamiento (0 a 30 días) sobre la pérdida de peso, luminosidad, firmeza, contenido de clorofila y contenido de lignina. Se utilizó la metodología de superficie de respuesta, aplicando un diseño compuesto central rotable. Los resultados indicaron que existió influencia significativa de las variables independientes sobre las características fisicoquímicas estudiadas, así como una adecuada bondad de ajuste del modelo de regresión cuadrático. Mediante la técnica de superposición de contornos se determinó que las condiciones óptimas para la mayor retención de firmeza (11,42 N), contenido de clorofila (12,33 mg/100 g) y contenido de lignina (7 mg/100 g) correspondieron a 6,98 ppm de ozono gaseoso hasta los 30 días de almacenamiento, con adecuadas características de calidad en los turiones.
Potential Early Identification of a Large Campylobacter Outbreak Using Alternative Surveillance Data Sources: Autoregressive Modelling and Spatiotemporal Clustering
Authors: Adnan Mehnaz , Gao Xiaoying , Bai Xiaohan , Newbern Elizabeth , Sherwood Jill , Jones Nicholas , Baker Michael , Wood Tim , Gao Wei
Published: September 2020

Background

Over one-third of the population of Havelock North, New Zealand, approximately 5500 people, were estimated to have been affected by campylobacteriosis in a large waterborne outbreak. Cases reported through the notifiable disease surveillance system (notified case reports) are inevitably delayed by several days, resulting in slowed outbreak recognition and delayed control measures. Early outbreak detection and magnitude prediction are critical to outbreak control. It is therefore important to consider alternative surveillance data sources and evaluate their potential for recognizing outbreaks at the earliest possible time.

Objective

The first objective of this study is to compare and validate the selection of alternative data sources (general practice consultations, consumer helpline, Google Trends, Twitter microblogs, and school absenteeism) for their temporal predictive strength for Campylobacter cases during the Havelock North outbreak. The second objective is to examine spatiotemporal clustering of data from alternative sources to assess the size and geographic extent of the outbreak and to support efforts to attribute its source.

Methods

We combined measures derived from alternative data sources during the 2016 Havelock North campylobacteriosis outbreak with notified case report counts to predict suspected daily Campylobacter case counts up to 5 days before cases reported in the disease surveillance system. Spatiotemporal clustering of the data was analyzed using Local Moran’s I statistics to investigate the extent of the outbreak in both space and time within the affected area.

Results

Models that combined consumer helpline data with autoregressive notified case counts had the best out-of-sample predictive accuracy for 1 and 2 days ahead of notified case reports. Models using Google Trends and Twitter typically performed the best 3 and 4 days before case notifications. Spatiotemporal clusters showed spikes in school absenteeism and consumer helpline inquiries that preceded the notified cases in the city primarily affected by the outbreak.

Conclusions

Alternative data sources can provide earlier indications of a large gastroenteritis outbreak compared with conventional case notifications. Spatiotemporal analysis can assist in refining the geographical focus of an outbreak and can potentially support public health source attribution efforts. Further work is required to assess the location of such surveillance data sources and methods in routine public health practice.
Adherence of HIV Self-Testing Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China: Longitudinal Study
Authors: Yan Xiangyu , Su Hexuan , Zhang Bo , Li Yongjie , Zhang Lingling , Jia Zhongwei
Published: September 2020

Background

The World Health Organization recommended HIV self-testing (HIVST) for individuals practicing unsafe sexual behaviors; however, the adherence to HIV testing has not been reported.

Objective

In this study, we attempted to determine the adherence to HIVST among men who have sex with men (MSM), as well as the impact factors and potential effects of their adherence.

Methods

We conducted a longitudinal study among MSM in Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China from July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018. A mobile app system was used to provide the “Mailing rapid test reagent kit” for the HIVST service. The proportion of those who adhered to HIV testing every 3 months was calculated. Logistic regression was used to explore the impact factors related to adherence to HIVST. Rates of HIV infection between MSM who adhered to HIVST and those who did not were compared using Cox proportional hazards regression. Changes of condom use behaviors between the two groups were also compared using the chi-square test.

Results

A total of 1315 MSM who received the HIVST service through the app were included in the study. Overall, 10% of the MSM adhered to HIVST, and the proportion of adhering tests was only 34.9%. Adherence of HIVST was associated with marital status (adjusted odds ratio [OR]unmarried vs married 2.31, 95% CI 1.13-4.71) and the number of HIV tests they received (adjusted OR3 times vs 2 times or below 3.36, 95% CI 2.01-5.63; adjusted OR4 times or above vs 2 times or below 7.30, 95% CI 4.67-11.42). Twenty HIV seroconversions were observed during 1-year follow up. The rate of HIV infection in the adherence group (17.10 per 100 person years, 95% CI 8.80-30.84) was significantly higher than that in the nonadherence group (4.80 per 100 person years, 95% CI 2.77-7.88; adjusted hazard ratio 3.33, 95% CI 1.35-8.20). Those who adhered to HIV testing were more likely to improve condom use behaviors, although the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Regular HIV testing is necessary for early detection of HIV infection among MSM. Given the poor adherence, a new internet-based management paradigm for MSM is needed to raise their health awareness to optimize the implementation of HIVST.
Educational Needs and Preferences for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in the Cystic Fibrosis Community: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Godfrey Emily M , Kazmerski Traci M , Brown Georgia , Thayer Erin K , Mentch Laura , Pam Molly , Al Achkar Morhaf
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare, life-shortening, multiorgan disease, the treatment of which has seen significant increases in the life expectancy of those with CF. Many advances in CF care are thanks to the dedicated and active participation of people with CF as research participants. Unfortunately, most CF research teams still do not fully partner with people with CF or their caregivers.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine the interest, knowledge gaps, and desired format for patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) training in the CF community.

METHODS

We surveyed patients, caregivers, researchers, research staff, and diverse health care providers via list servers and social media outreach about their knowledge of, experience with, and preferences for PCOR training components. We followed the survey with 3 small-group discussion sessions with 22 participants who completed the survey to establish consensus and prioritize key learning components of a PCOR training program. We summarized results using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

A total of 170 participants completed the survey (patients/caregivers: 96/170, 56.5%; researchers/health care providers: 74/170, 43.5%). Among providers, 26% (19/74) were physicians/advanced practice providers, 20% (15/74) were nurses, and 54% (40/74) were from other disciplines. Among all participants, 86.5% (147/170) expressed interest in learning about PCOR, although training topics and training format differed between the patient/caregiver and researcher/health care provider groups. Before participating in PCOR, patients/caregivers wanted to understand more about expectations of them as partners on PCOR research teams (82/96, 85%). Meanwhile, researchers/health care providers desired information on how to include outcomes important to patients/caregivers (55/74, 74%) and the quality and impact of PCOR research (52/74, 70% and 51/74, 69%, respectively). Patients/caregivers were most interested in learning about the time commitment as a PCOR team member (75/96, 78%). Researchers/health care providers wanted to receive training about how to establish trust (47/74, 64%) and maintain confidentiality (47/74, 64%) when including patient or caregiver partners on the PCOR team. During follow-up discussions, participants emphasized the importance of addressing the traditional patient/caregiver and researchers/health care provider hierarchy by teaching about transparency, appreciation, creating a common language between the groups, and providing specific training on “how” to do PCOR.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest CF community members are interested in PCOR. A high-quality training program would fill a current deficit in methodological research. This assessment identified the topics and formats desired and can be used to develop targeted training to enhance meaningful PCOR in CF.
ANALISIS FINANSIAL DAN EFISIENSI PRODUKSI USAHATANI RUMPUT LAUT DI KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Azwir Azwir , Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo , Suryantini Any
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the factors that influence the production of seaweedfarming, the level of efficient use of production factors, the factors that affect the efficiency of production and determine thefeasibility of seaweed farming financially. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis and financial feasibility. The results showed that the factors of production (input)positive effect on production and productivity of seaweed in Kendari is widely kavlingan, number of seeds, the level of education and dummy location. For the analysis of the level of technical efficiency (I'ER) with an average value of 1.0001 indicates that the utilization of thefactors of production (input) by seaweed farmers in Kendari is efficient. Allocative efficiency analysis results (efficiency rates) kavlingan widely variable, labor and variable number of seeds not be located efficiently (inefficiently). From the calculationof profit using investment eligibility criteria NPV, IRR , and B/C ratio in the know that seaweedfarming profitable and worth the effort or developed.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk.mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi usahatani rumput laut, tingkat efisien penggunaan faktor produksi, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efisiensi produksi serta mengetahui kelayakan usahatani rumput laut secara tinansial. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda dan kelayakan fmansial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor produksi (input) yang perpengaruh positif terhadap produksi dan produktivitas rumput laut di Kota Kendari adalah luas kavlingan, jumlah bibit, tingkat pendidikan dan dummy lokasi. Untuk. hasil analisis tingkat efisiensi teknis (TER) dengan nilai rata-rata 1,0001 menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan faIstor-faktorproduksi (input) oleh petani rumput laut di Kota Kendari sudah efisien. HasH analisis efisiensi alokatif (efisiensi harga) variabelluas kavlingan, tenaga kerja dan variabeljumlah bibit belum dilokasikan secara efisien (tidak efisien). Dari hasil perhitungan keuntungan dengan menggunakan kriteria kelayakan investasi NPV, IRR, dan B/C Ratio di ketahui bahwa usahatani rumput laut menguntungkan dan layak diusahakan atau dikembangkan.
RURAL TRANSFORMATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Widodo Sri
Published: September 2020

Rural transformation in Indonesia
STRATEGI RUMAH TANGGA TRANSMIGRAN DALAM MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN DASAR DI PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN (TRANSMIGRANT HOUSEHOLD STRATEGY IN ORDER TO FULFIL THE BASIC NEED IN SOUTH SUMATERA PROVINCE)
Authors: Yamin M , Mantra Ida Bagoes , Maksum M , Hartono Slamet
Published: September 2020

The objective of this research is to know the household strategy in order to fulfill the household the basic need. The research is done in South Sumatra Province with on settlement unit sample there are taken purposively based on the up land and low land, the new (maximum for seven years) and old settlement (more then seven years). The samples of households are taken randomly from each unit at about 15% from the population.The method of analysis are using regression OLS, and using coefficient variation.Permanent consumption is on the primary food level while temporary consumption consist of clothes, education, furniture, er cetera. In old settlement, permanent income in up land comes from the farm and off farm, while in low land comes only from the farm. The short-term strategy is that because of the limitation (Oransmigran's income, they postpone or sacrifice the other necessities. The longterm strategy will change due to the growing age of the settlement from only specializing on food crop to cash crop. However, the age of settlement studied is not enough to grow perennial cash crop.
PETANI DALAM PERSPEKTIF ANTROPOLOGI EKONOMI
Authors: Abar Akhmad Zaini
Published: September 2020

The concepts of rational and moral choices are both of ideal types in social science. These are only use for a social analysis and not for a social engineering. The rational peasants do not indicate the rational choice that have been introduced by Samuel L. Popkin, they are, on the other hand, in moral choice that have been stated by James C. Scott. The commercialization of peasants and agricultural sectors do not reflect the rational peasant's movement. In the essay, the Indonesian case, the commercialization of peasants are an effect of the state's project of colonial era and the New Order, these aren't the articulation of the rational peasants.
PERANAN BIMAS DAN INMAS DALAM PENINGKATAN PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT ( THE ROLE OF BINMAS AND INMAS IN INCREASING THE ECONOMY)
Authors: Birowo A.T
Published: September 2020

Peranan BIMAS dan INMAS dalam peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat.
SUATU PENDEKATAN DALAM PENENTUAN LUAS USAHATANI YANG OPTIMUM UNTUK DAERAH TRASNMIGRASI
Authors: Soemangat Soemangat , Poerwadi Tri
Published: September 2020

PendahuluanUsaha-usaha pemekaran daerah transmigrasi yang dalam kaitannya dengan program pengembangan wilayah dimana harus dipertahankan sumber kelestarian alam mempunyai sifat yang sangat komplek. Dalam proses pemekaran ini dikehendaki alokasi dana dan sumber daya secara optimal. Tenaga kerja yang tersedia di dalam masing-masing keluarga transmigran harus digunakan secara effisien. Demikian pula luas tanah yang diusahakan harus cukup untuk dapat menjamin kehidupan yang layak tetapi jangan sampai terjadi sebagian dart sumber daya dan dana yang sudah dialokasikanmenjadi terlantar.Dalam program pemekaran transmigrasi ini telah banyak diserahkan sumber dana dan daya. Suatu pertanyaan yang harus mampu kita jawab ialah berapakah kemampuan sebenarnya dart transmigran untuk mengerjakan tanahnya sehingga dari input daya dan tenaga dapat dicapai hasil yang maksimal. Kalau dia misalnya mampu mengerjakan seluas 0,7 Ha atau 2 Ha bahkan seluas 5 Ha maka dasar kriteria apa yang kita gunakan untuk menentukan ukuran ini. Hal ini merupakan suatu tantangan yang menarik bagi kita semua. Berbagai cara pendekatan telah digunakan sehingga timbul angka 2 Ha atau 5 Ha
KEMISKINAN DAN PEMERATAAN DI DAERAH PROYEK IRIGASI SEMARANG BARAT ( POVERTY AND EQUITY IN THE WEST SEMARANG IRRIGATION PROJECT AREA )
Authors: Witjaksono Roso
Published: September 2020

Proyek rehabilitasi jaringan pengairan terutama dimaksudkan untuk memperbaiki keadaan sosial ekonomi masyarakat petani yang sebagian besar termasuk dalam lapisan bawah masyarakat. Dampak proyek ini dapat antara lain dilihat pada indikator tingkat kemiskinan dan pemerataan pendapatan petani di daerah proyek.Patokan yang digunakan untuk menentukan tingkat kemiskinan suatu masyarakat adalah garis kemiskinan yang dicetuskan oleh Sajogyo (1982), yang mendasarkan perhitungannya pada besarnya pengeluaran rumah tangga petani dalam bentuk setara beras.Pemerataan pendapatan petani ditentukan dengan cara pengukuran terhadap standar deviasi (S), koefisien variasi (Kv) dan Gini Ratio (GR), yang semuanya mendasarkan pada perhitungan besarnya pengeluaran rumah tangga petani sampel. Penggunaan tiga cara pengukuran tersebut secara bersama-sama akan dapat memberikan gambaran keadaan pemerataan yang lebih riil daripada hanya menggunakan salah satu cara pengukuran.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa 63,4% anggota masyarakat petani di daerah proyek berada di atas garis kemiskinan. Di antara Lima kriteria daerah proyek (daerah Rehabilitasi Irigasi, daerah Banjir, daerah Tebu, daerah Tembakau dan daerah Tambak) ternyata keadaan pemerataan terbaik dijumpai di daerah Tebu dan keadaan pemerataan terburuk dijumpai di daerah Rehabilitasi Irigasi
PENGELOLAAN TANAMAN SAGU DI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Suharno Suharno
Published: September 2020

Sago plan tree is the main of food raw in Southeast Sulawesi. The sago powder could made the fod like sinonggi and other snack. The sago palm wide areas in Southeast Sulawesi is 5.083 hectares, most growth in several district in Southast Sulawesi especially in costal region. The sago palm tree is the several utilitized plant. Most of several part of tee has the economics value. Therefore the sago palm tree nmanagemnet is still an exploitations for economic objectives not conservation yet. The sago process has done in long time ago. There are two ways to processing the sago powder, one method do by traditional and other by machine, but most people change to the machines process now. The paper described the management of sago palm management and also economic benefit of sago palm tre in Southeast Sulawesi focused on powder production in Konawe and Kendari district. The result analysis of sago powder processing indicated that farmer found revenue Rp 568.750 per tree on R/C Ratio 2,71.
KOORDINASI PADA PROSES PENYUSUNAN RENCANA PRIMA TANI DALAM MENDUKUNG PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH DI DESA HARGOBINANGUN, KECAMATAN PAKEM, KABUPATEN SLEMAN
Authors: Wiranti Endang Wisnu , Herianto Ageng Setiawan , Witjaksono Roso
Published: September 2020

A proper coordination process of an integrated development program, such as PRIMATANIN is not well understood by the development program manager. The research objectives are to assess the coordination process in formulating a PRIMATANI development plan; and to identify its influencing factors. The research was conducted in Hrgobinangun village of Sleman District. Method of this research was a qualitative method with a case study. The data collection and anlyiss was conducted using an in-depth interviews method and a documentary analysis on the coordination meeting of PRIMATANI. The result shows that the imperfect coordination process in this program was caused by asymmetric communication process whisvh dominated solely by the Department of Agriculture in determining this targeted village and its decelpment program. In order to support the integrated development program, the coordination process among the technical department shiuld be formalized since the targeted area determination. Then, it should be followed by a formal agreement among the departments on development program formulation plan and regular information supply on their corrdination meeting.
BANK CREDIT AND FORESTRY OUTPUT : DO BANKING DEREGULATION AND ECONOMIC CRISIS MATTER?
Authors: Ssenyonga Muyanja
Published: September 2020

The article investigates the effect bank credit extended to the forestry sub-sector to the sub sector's output, and wether banking deregulation and the economic crisis have any impact on such a relationship. research findings shows hat bank credit is found to have positive influence on forestry output. bank credit to the forestry sub-sector, paradoxically continues to rise in the wake of the economic crisis,before it plumments. there is  also evidence of an augmenting effect of banking deregulation on forestry output, proof that deregulation indeed works. the economic crisis however, is found to have led to a tumultuos decline in output as expected. policy implications were drawn basing on research findings.
Ilmu Ekonomi Pertanian dan Pembangunan
Authors: Widodo Sri
Published: September 2020

Pertanian memegang peranan penting dalam kehidupan ekonomi di negara-negara yang sedang berkembang.
Analisis Marjin Pemasaran Melinjo di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Mnaumono Danang
Published: September 2020

Gnetum is plant which be developed to increase farmer's welfare, but the marketing behaviour is difficult to understand. Based on these reasons, the purpose of the research is to understand and to identify marketing channels, wholesaler role, proportion and establishment pf marketing margin.
Ilmu Ekonomi Pertanian dan Pembangunan
Authors: Widodo Sri
Published: September 2020

Pertanian memegang peranan penting dalam kehidupan ekonomi negara-negara yang sedang berkembang,demikian puls di Indonesia, terutama pada tahap-tahap permulaan proses pembangunan.
Temor y angustia: experiencia del paciente en la unidad de cuidados intensivos
Authors: Ruidiaz-Gómez Keydis Sulay , Fernández-Aragón Shirley
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Comprender las experiencias de pacientes egresados de una unidad de cuidado intensivo de una institución clínica de tercer nivel de atención de la Ciudad de Cartagena utilizando como enfoque la teoría del desarrollo humano de Rosemarie Rizzo Parse. Materiales y métodos: Estudio fenomenológico - interpretativo con perspectiva Hermenéutica, participaron 11 adultos egresados de la unidad de cuidados intensivos, se utilizó la técnica de entrevista a profundidad con una duración de 30 y 40 minutos, los datos se analizaron a través de la técnica de intencionalidad, reducción y constitución. Resultados: Los participantes del estudio fueron ocho hombres y tres mujeres adultos, su experiencia la describen con sentimientos de temor y angustia respaldados por buen trato, Imaginación de muerte, Mi vida, el trabajo y la familia, Sentimientos de soledad, Fortaleza espiritual y Cambios de vida. Conclusión: Estar hospitalizado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos logró desencadenar una experiencia descrita como “temor y angustia”, para los participantes es primordial el núcleo familiar, la fortaleza espiritual y la transformación en los cambios de vida.
Competencia para el cuidado y acceso a la salud rural
Authors: Bernal-Baron Lorena Alejandra , Gómez-Ramírez Olga Janneth
Published: September 2020

Objetivos: Describir la competencia para el cuidado de la persona con enfermedad crónica y su cuidador, residentes en zona rural. Identificar las barreras que limitan el acceso a los servicios de salud. Materiales y Métodos: estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal, con una muestra no probabilística de 218 diadas (paciente -cuidador), que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión del estudio y a la que se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos: ficha de caracterización de la diada; Competencia para el cuidado en el hogar paciente y cuidador y Encuesta de acceso a servicios de salud para hogares colombianos. Resultados: la competencia para el cuidado del paciente revela ser menor que la desarrollada por el cuidador. Sin embargo, en ambos casos la mayor deficiencia en los residentes rurales es la falta de conocimientos sobre la patología crónica que se padece, de esta manera se convierte en un reto para el cuidado en la ruralidad. De igual manera, se hace evidente que el acceso a los servicios de salud es limitado en estas poblaciones, dado por barreras de acceso de tipo administrativo, económico y de desplazamiento que se extienden por las condiciones propias de la zona rural. Ante dicho escenario, la enfermera (o) se transforma en el profesional idóneo y con las capacidades adecuadas para mitigar desde su actuar estas dificultades, mediante el reconocimiento de las condiciones iniciales de la población y la gestión de estrategias que permitan que los programas de salud de la instituciones puedan llegar a las poblaciones más vulnerables.  Conclusión: En la ruralidad, los retos son diversos y adversos, sin embargo, se hace necesaria su intervención, con el objetivo de mejorar las condiciones de salud en las poblaciones que allí residen.
El aprendizaje de los estudiantes de enfermería en la interacción con el docente experto
Authors: Jaramillo-Vargas Juliana , Ossa-Garcés Natalia , Carrillo-Pineda Marcela
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Describir el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de enfermería en la interacción con el docente experto. Materiales y Métodos: Investigación cualitativa, utilizando herramientas de la etnografía. Se identificó un docente reconocido como docente experto. La recolección de la información se hizo en dos fases. En la primera de realizaron observaciones durante dos clases y 23 entrevistas think aloud a 6 estudiantes. En la segunda fase se realizaron 8 entrevistas a profundidad a seis estudiantes. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo y la categorización en el programa Atlas Ti. Resultados: A Partir de la interacción estudiante-docente emergieron dos categorías que describen el proceso de aprendizaje. La primera es “la interacción entre los estudiantes y el docente experto: un procesos de dos”, que se desarrolla mediante la explicación, las intervenciones espontáneas de los estudiantes y los ejercicios de recapitulación. La segunda trata sobre “los aprendizajes: se quedan para la vida”, los cuales se evidencian en la identificación de las diversas formas de aprender, los aprendizajes para aprender y los aprendizajes implícitos. Conclusiones: El proceso de aprendizaje en la interacción entre el docente experto y los estudiantes es dinámico, flexible y abierto. Es un espacio donde los estudiantes y el docente construyen una relación activa, propositiva y bidireccional que favorece los procesos formativos en Enfermería, haciendo que los estudiantes obtengan aprendizajes significativos.
Características de los donantes voluntarios de sangre en universidades de Neiva, Huila
Authors: Guzman-Rivera Jose Vladimir , Alvira-Guauña Diana Cristina , Morales-Pérez Marly Hasbleydy
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Describir las características de los donantes voluntarios de sangre en las Universidades de Neiva Huila, durante las promociones realizadas por el banco de sangre del Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo en convenio con la Universidad Surcolombiana durante el período 2013-2017. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, para los periodos de enero 2013 a diciembre 2017, basado en fuentes secundarias suministradas por la Red Nacional de Bancos de Sangre, a través del Banco de Sangre del Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo de Neiva. Se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia, que cumplieran con criterios de inclusión y exclusión definidos para el estudio. Las variables que se analizaron fueron grupos de edad, género, grupo sanguíneo ABO y factor Rh. Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio se realizaron 6.547 donaciones de sangre voluntarias, de las cuales el 85,5% (I.C 95%: 84,6-86,3) fueron ocasionales y el 14,5% (I.C 95%: 13,6-15,6) habituales. Quienes más donaron fueron hombres entre 19 y 29 años. Se evidencio que el factor Rh positivo y el grupo sanguíneo O+, fueron los que más prevalecieron en la población donante en el 98,5% y 61,6% respectivamente. Conclusión: Los donantes voluntarios habituales son principalmente hombres entre 19 y 29 años, con grupo sanguíneo O y Rh +, dado que los hombres pueden realizar un mayor número de donaciones en comparación con las mujeres. Palabras Clave: Características de la población, Donantes de sangre, Sistema del grupo sanguíneo ABO, Sangre, Factor Rh.
CSR for emergencies: The two concepts of accountability
Authors: Rainero Christian , Modarelli Giuseppe
Published: September 2020

This work tries to highlight the determinant role of CSR during periods characterized by non-linearity and to produce insights for further research on a dual perspective: 1) companies’ decision-making on CSR implementation and promotional tool preference; 2) consumers’ purchasing/consuming decision-making. So, the interrelated perspective, under the influencing contextual variable of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, would show a crucial role of CSR as an anti-crisis solution. The domain-based review, the direct observation mixed with field analysis survey-based on a sample of 208 respondents made possible the hermeneutical and inference activity on results according to the Situational Crisis Communication Theory and Goffman’s view on the art of impression management, mixed with a persuasive approach characterizing advertising. The perception analysis, not directly operated ethnographically with companies, allowed to investigate CSR from different angles, permits the researchers to observe the exponential rise of advertising campaigns with a social scope and CSR promotional activities in accordance with the emergence of the two intrinsic concepts of accountability from an external point of view.
Critical thinking and its importance in doctoral education
Authors: Vergara Garavito Judith , Rodríguez Maribel Serna
Published: September 2020

Introduction: For a doctoral student it is necessary and mandatory to conduct research that leads them to move the frontier of knowledge. In this context, how does critical thinking contribute to generating new knowledge? Many authors attempt to explain and define critical thinking. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the most relevant critical thinking models and to develop a model for this personal attribute in doctoral education. Materials and methods: Seminal works and the most significant models of critical thinking were reviewed in the current literature. Results: A critical thinking model in doctoral education was developed as an integration of the most important contributions of all authors. Conclusions: We argue that there is not a unique definition for this concept and that critical thinking may be understood as a process rather than as a tool, attribute or skill.
Influencia social y afectiva del aula de apoyo en el alumnado con diferentes capacidades hacia el aprendizaje
Authors: Jiménez Conde Claudio Felipe , Huertas Carlota De León , González López Ignacio
Published: September 2020

Introducción. Un campo fundamental dentro de la inclusión educativa y social en los centros escolares es la atención a la diversidad. Objetivo. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la influencia del aula de apoyo de un colegio rural de infantil y primaria en la concepción social que sobre el alumnado con diferentes capacidades para el aprendizaje que acuden a la misma tiene el grupo de iguales de su aula de referencia donde están escolarizados. Materiales y métodos. En el estudio se han analizado mapas sociométricos de nueve clases, desde educación infantil de cuatro años a sexto de educación. Resultados. Los resultados muestran un aislamiento de este alumnado dentro de las dinámicas participativas entre iguales a nivel afectivo. Conclusión. Es preciso transformar las aulas en espacios donde se aprecie la diversidad del alumnado, potenciando su participación, presencia y progreso y fomentando las competencias afectivas y emocionales.
El Pensamiento filosófico de izquierda ante la ideología: una lectura desde la obra de Luis Villoro
Authors: Gómez Palacio Germán David , Yepes Muñoz Wilfer Alexis
Published: September 2020

Este artículo tiene por objetivo reflexionar cómo el pensamiento de izquierda de Luis Villoro hace frente a la ideología. Para Villoro, la izquierda es una “postura moral” que irrumpe y cuestiona lo que ha sido instituido a través de la imposición. Por ideología entiende una creencia falsa e injustificada al servicio de intereses particulares. Se realizó un análisis crítico de los textos del autor que abordan de manera expresa los conceptos de ideología e izquierda. El método llevado a cabo responde a los componentes que estructuran el tipo de investigación teórica. Como resultado se tiene que una de las principales formas ideológicas que Villoro cuestiona es la ciencia, que desemboca en cientificismo. Frente al discurso de la ciencia en tanto ideología, Villoro antepone la sabiduría como experiencia transmisible. Luego, de cara al poder y el dominio, dos acciones que dan consistencia a la ideología: la razón de la izquierda como pensamiento y perspectiva política, el reconocimiento del otro como estrategia a la dominación y la necesidad humana como horizonte, constituyen categorías de análisis que convergen en lo que puede entenderse como un hacer frente a la ideología.
Análisis regional de zonas homogéneas de precipitación en Carabobo, Venezuela
Authors: Olivares Barlín Orlando , Hernández Rafael Ángel
Published: September 2020

Introducción. La utilidad primordial de los datos sobre el clima para planificar el desarrollo sostenible en áreas agrícolas y hacer frente a todas las consecuencias del cambio climático ya ha quedado firmemente establecida en diferentes programas y políticas a nivel mundial. Objetivo. Analizar la variabilidad espacio temporal de la precipitación e identificar las zonas homogéneas a partir de datos mensuales y anuales (1969-1999) provenientes de las estaciones climatológicas en Carabobo, Venezuela. Materiales y métodos. Para definir subgrupos de estaciones pluviométricas que caractericen zonas homogéneas se aplicaron técnicas multivariadas (análisis de componentes principales y análisis de conglomerados) basadas en la similitud del comportamiento de las series de datos de lluvia anual precipitada. Finalmente se elaboró el mapa de distribución espacial de la precipitación mediante la interpolación kriging. Resultados. Se lograron identificar cuatro grupos de estaciones con comportamiento similar en lo que se refiere a los procesos pluviométricos. Esta investigación permitió conocer el comportamiento espacial y temporal de la precipitación, caracterizada por la marcada estacionalidad producto de la influencia directa de la Zona de Convergencia Intertropical. La tendencia mostró un patrón de distribución espacial con una gradación que va de menor a mayor en sentido noreste a sureste. Conclusiones. Este estudio permitió estimar la regularidad espacial del comportamiento de la lluvia y del grado de heterogeneidad de este elemento climático año tras año, que a su vez representa el inicio de la planificación estratégica a nivel regional.
Household food security during Covid-19 pandemic in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Purnasari Nurwulan , Juwitangtyas Titisari , Sabarisman Iman
Published: September 2020

Household food security in Indonesia depends on many factors. This study aims to describe household food security during the Covid-19 pandemic in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). This research was conducted using a questionnaire for taking data. This study showed that there was a difference in household food security between the pre-pandemic of Covid-19 and during the pandemic of Covid-19. The hunger scale di DIY at the pre-pandemic of Covid-19 was 6% and increased during the pandemic of Covid-19 to 11%. It is showed that the financial crisis because of Covid-19 also influenced at increasing household food insecurity. As far as future research is concerned, the impact of food insecurity in vulnerable groups within the studied communities needs to be determined.