bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timely Access to Maternal, Neonatal and Child Healthcare for rural communities in Rwanda: Job satisfaction of Community Health Workers delivering Community Based Maternal, Newborn and Child Healthcare
Authors: BIGIRIMANA Jean Bosco , Luginaah Isaac
Published: July 2020

Background

In Rwanda, although there has been progressing in health care delivery as expressed in the reduction in maternal and child mortality, rates are still high and geographically variable. For the improvement of equitable access to health services for maternal, newborn and child healthcare (MNCH), community-based maternal, newborn and child healthcare (CBMNCH) depends on the use of “community health workers” (CHWs). However, the CHW program faces challenges that disrupt the quality delivery of a full package of services. Yet little is known about the satisfaction of CHWs in delivering CBMNCH.
Methods

This quantitative cross-sectional study involved a survey of 500 sampled CHWs delivered CBMNCH in three selected rural districts of the southern province, Rwanda. Ordinal regression was used to examine the determinants of CHWs` job satisfaction.
Results

Multivariate analysis shows that the determinants of job satisfaction were motivation (OR = 8.59, p < 0.001), formal training in CBMNCH (OR = 2.24, p < 0.05), individual supervision (OR = 6.19, p < 0.001), and peer support (OR = 2.66, p < 0.01), knowledge about CBMNCH (OR = 0.51, p < 0.05), access to essential materials (OR = 0.32, p < 0.05), and incentives (OR = 0.53 (p < 0.01).
Conclusion

The findings indicated that the managers of CHW programs and other stakeholders need to improve the working conditions of CHWs to enhance their job satisfaction, to enable the effective provision of CBMNCH.
Ameliorative Effects of Nano-Selenium Against Fluoride Stress Induced Hepatocytes Autophagy and Apoptosis in Mice
Authors: Wang Yajing , Liu Bingxian , Han Qingyue , Mehmood Khalid , Nabi Fazul , Chang Yung-Fu , Tang Zhaoxin , Li Ying , Zhang Hui
Published: July 2020

Background: Fluorine is widespread in the environment, and the injurious impacts of fluoride underscore its significance for public health. The long-term presence of fluorine in environment could be a risk in hepatotoxicity for both human beings and animals. Important role of selenium in mitigation of heavy metal toxicity via regulating autophagy and apoptosis is well-known. Further, nano-Se is a common artificial nano material, with higher biological activity and lower toxicity. The aim of the current study was to examine whether nano-Se supplementation can reduce the effects of fluoride-induced hepatocytes autophagy and apoptosis. Results: Here, we report that fluoride exposure induces apoptosis and autophagy with nucleus broken, dissolved and disappeared of hepatocyte, contributing to its hepatotoxicity. More importantly, Cyt-C and Beclin-1/Bcl-2 pathways are involved in the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis via targeting Caspase-9, Caspase-3, P53, Bax, LC3, ATG-5, P62 and mTOR expressions. Conclusion: Nano-Se is capable to alleviate fluoride-induced hepatocyte damage, that selenium can be prefer to prevent chronic fluorosis-induced autophagy and apoptosis by regulating Cyt-C and Beclin-1/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. In precisely, NaF-induced the liver injury by activating autophagy and apoptosis, which indicate that fluorine exposure, pose an ecological risk to human beings and animals. Nano-Se has protective effects against fluoride-induced hepatocytes.
An improved pollen number counting method using a cell counter and mesh columns
Authors: Kakui Hiroyuki , Tsurisaki Eriko , Sassa Hidenori , Moriguchi Yoshinari
Published: July 2020

Background
The determination of pollen number is important in evolutionary, agricultural, and medical studies. Tree species of the Cupressaceae family cause serious pollinosis worldwide. Although Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) is the most important forestry species in Japan, it is also the biggest cause of pollinosis in the country. Japanese cedar trees have been selected for growth speed and superior morphological traits and then cloned. These clones may vary in their pollen production, but there has been little research on how many pollen grains are produced by a single male strobilus (flower). A recently reported method for counting pollen number with a cell counter was applicable to Arabidopsis species and wheat, but was not suitable for Japanese cedar because the strobilus does not open with heating.
Results
Here, we report an improved pollen counting method for Japanese cedar using a precise and rapid cell counter in combination with home-made mesh columns. The male strobilus was gently crushed using a pestle. Large and small debris were then removed using 100- and 20-µm mesh columns. We successfully detected pollen sizes and numbers that differed between two clones using this method.
Conclusions
This improved method is not only suitable for counting pollen from Japanese cedar, but could also be applied to other species of the Cupressaceae family with hard scale tissue covering the pollen. Moreover, this method could be applied to a broader range of plant species, such as wheat, because there is no need to wait for anthesis and debris can be removed efficiently.
Sleep Disorders, Perceived Stress and Family Support Among Nursing Staff During the Pandemic Crisis
Authors: Tselebis Athanasios , Lekka Dimitra , Sikaras Christos , Tsomaka Effrosyni , Tassopoulos Athanasios , Ilias Ioannis , Bratis Dionisios , Pachi Argyro
Published: July 2020

Background: The covid-19 pandemic is likely to cause mental health issues, especially for healthcare professionals. The aim of this study is to investigate levels of perceived stress, sleep disturbances and sense of family support among nurses in pandemic conditions. Methods: Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Family Support Scale (FSS) were administered in a sample of 150 nurses from different hospital departments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individual and demographic data were recorded. Results: 120 women and 30 men completed the study questionnaires. Almost half of participants (49.7%) reported the presence of sleep difficulties and more than half (50.3%) experienced increased stress levels. Scores on AIS scale correlated positively with PSS scores (P<0.01), and nega­tively with FSS scores (P<0.01). A significantly negative correlation was observed between the PSS scores and the FSS scores (p<0.01). Regression model showed ‘scores on PSS scale’ and ‘years of work experience’ were significant predictors of ‘scores on AIS scale’, each explaining 43.6% and 2.3% of the variance. Scores on AIS scale’ and ‘scores on FSS scale’ were significant predictors of PSS explaining 43.7% and 9,2% of the variance . Conclusion: The study confirmed that working with COVID-19 patients has a negative effect on the sleep of nurses, possibly mediated by increased levels of stress. Family support, as a protective factor, appears to moderate the deleterious consequences of stress.
Proteomic Analysis Of Trichuris Trichiura Egg Extract Reveals Potential Immunomodulators And Diagnostic Targets
Authors: Cruz K. , Marcilla A. , Kelly P. , Vandenplas M. , Osuna A. , Trelis M.
Published: July 2020

Background: Trichuris trichiura embryonated eggs are the infectious developmental stage and the first signal to the immune system of the definitive host. Each infective T. trichiura egg carries the antigens needed to challenge the immune system with a wide variety of proteins present in the shell, larvae’s surface, and the accompanying fluid that contains their excretions/secretions. The parasite eggs constitute the first antigenic stimuli to evoke the host response to this intestinal parasite with direct life cycle and enteric development.Methods: The soluble egg extract of T. trichiura obtained from naturally infected African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) was investigated using a proteomic approach by mass spectrometry. The antigenic profile of the egg soluble proteins against sera IgG from C. sabaeus with trichuriasis was also investigated by Western blot and LC-MS/MS from the corresponding SDS-PAGE gel.Results: A total of 231 proteins were accurately identified, 168 with known molecular functions. The proteome of the egg lysate revealed common protein families including energy and metabolism; cytoskeleton, motility and muscle; proteolysis; signaling; stress and detoxification; transcription and translation and; lipid binding and transport. Vitellogenin N and VWD and DUF1943 domain containing protein, Poly-cysteine and histidine tailed protein isoform 2, Heat shock protein 70, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Actin and Enolase, were among the potential immunoactive proteins. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to identify the proteome of the T. trichiura egg extract as a novel source of immunomodulators and targets for immunodiagnosis able to contribute to the treatment of human autoimmune diseases and to the control of this neglected disease.
Effects of Parents’ Value of Children on Adolescent Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study in China
Authors: Dong Dan , Feng Yi , Zheng Mengna , Zong Min , Zhang Peng , Qiao Zhihong
Published: July 2020

Background: Parenting style has been extensively demonstrated as a predictor of depression in children and adolescents, but few studies have examined the antecedents of parenting style, especially parents’ beliefs towards children. The effect of parents’ implicit beliefs on children’s mental health is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the influence of parents’ value of children (VOC) on adolescent depression, and the underlying mechanism between parents’ VOC and adolescent depression.Methods: High school and college students and their parents were recruited to participate a cross-sectional online survey. The parents completed the VOC scale, and the adolescents completed the scales of parenting style, external LOC, self-esteem, and depression. A structural equation model was performed to analyze the multiple mediating effects on adolescent depression.Results: A total of 963 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 17.78 ± 1.94 years, 55.5% female) and their parents (Mage = 45.40 ± 4.40 years, 58% mothers) were recruited and examined in the current analysis. The results showed that the social and psychological benefits of VOC directly predict adolescent depression (βsocial benefits = 0.191, p < 0.001; βpsychological benefits = - 0.180, p < 0.001), whereas the relational benefits of VOC do not (βrelational benefits = - 0.027, p > 0.05). Moreover, the underlying mechanism and paths were examined between VOC, parenting style, external locus of control, self-esteem and depression.Conclusions: Our results enrich the theoretical framework of parents’ VOC on adolescent depression. It also provides valuable practical insights into parenting attitudes and beliefs, and highlighted the importance of VOC towards psychological benefits as a possible protective factor against depression in adolescence.
The association between ambient temperature and mortality of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: A time-series analysis
Authors: Zhu Gaopei , Zhu Yuhang , Wang Zhongli , Meng Weijing , Wang Xiaoxuan , Feng Jianing , Li Juan , Xiao Yufei , Shi Fuyan , Wang Suzhen
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe COVID-19 has caused a sizeable global outbreak and has been declared as a public health emergency of international concern. Sufficient evidence shows that temperature has an essential link with respiratory infectious diseases. The objectives of this study were to describe the exposure-response relationship between ambient temperature, including extreme temperatures, and mortality of COVID-19.MethodsThe Poisson distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was constructed to evaluate the non-linear delayed effects of ambient temperature on death, by using the daily new death of COVID-19 and ambient temperature data from January 10 to March 31, 2020, in Wuhan, China.ResultsDuring the period mentioned above, the average daily number of COVID-19 deaths was approximately 45.2. Poisson distributed lag non-linear model showed that there was a non-linear relationship (U-shape) between the effect of ambient temperature and mortality. With confounding factors controlled, the daily cumulative relative death risk decreased by 12.5 % (95 % CI [3.8 %, 20.4 %]) for every 1.0 °C increase in temperature. Moreover, the delayed effects of the low temperature are acute and short-term, with the most considerable risk occurring in 5–7 days of exposure. The delayed effects of the high temperature appeared quickly, then decrease rapidly, and increased sharply 15 days of exposure, mainly manifested as acute and long-term effects. Sensitivity analysis results demonstrated that the results were robust.ConclusionsThe relationship between ambient temperature and COVID-19 mortality was non-linear. There was a negative correlation between the cumulative relative risk of death and temperature. Additionally, exposure to high and low temperatures had divergent impacts on mortality.
MUDAS DE TOMATEIRO PRODUZIDAS À BASE DE PÓ DE COCO E ESTERCO BOVINO CURTIDO
Authors: Carvalho de Oliveira Mateus , Renovato dos Santos Júlio , Francisco da Costa Diogo , Ribeiro da Costa Gean , De Jesus Lourenço Everton
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o potencial do pó de coco (PC) enquanto substrato e seus diferentes níveis de proporções juntamente com o esterco bovino curtido (EBC) na produção de mudas de tomateiro. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido com tela nylon (50% luminosidade) na Secretaria Municipal de Agricultura do município de Coronel João Sá - BA, no período que compreende de maio à junho de 2018. Foram testados 5 tratamentos: T1 (100% PC + 0% EBC), T2 (90% PC + 10% EBC), T3 (80% PC + 20 % EBC), T4 (70% PC + 30% de EBC) e T5 (60% PC + 40% EBC), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Aos 24 dias após semeadura avaliou-se a percentagem de germinação (PG), número de folhas definitivas (NFD), diâmetro do caule (DC), altura de plantas (AP), sistema radicular (SR), massa fresca da parte aérea (MFPA), massa fresca do sistema radicular (MFSR), peso matéria seca da parte área (PMSPA), peso matéria seca da parte radicular (PMSPR) e o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD), sendo os dados obtidos submetidos à comparação entre médias e análise de variância a 5% de probabilidade utilizando-se o software SISVAR. Todos os tratamentos analisados diferiram estatisticamente entre si, com exceção para a variável PG. O tratamento T1 promoveu um maior sistema radicular, sendo os níveis de EBC superiores a 30% em pó de coco prejudiciais ao DC, MFSR, PMSPR, PMSPR, PMSPA. As mudas de maior qualidade foram obtidas com a adição de 10, 20 e 30% de EBC em pó de coco.
What shapes public attitudes towards assisted reproduction technologies in Europe? + On-line supplementary material
Authors: Szalma Ivett , Djundeva Maja
Published: July 2020

By examining attitudes on assisted reproduction technologies (ART) in 42 European countries, we highlight individual and country-level factors that are associated with the level of social acceptance or rejection of ART. This paper contributes to the literature on social acceptance of artificial insemination and in-vitro fertilization, the two most prominent examples of ART in Europe, and directs attention to several previously under-researched aspects. The empirical base of this study is the fourth round of the European Values Study, conducted in 2008–2010. Using a multilevel random-intercept linear regression model, we examine the impact of several individual- and country-level characteristics on the agreement level with the statement that artificial insemination or in-vitro fertilization can always be justified, never be justified or it is evaulated in a mixed manner. According to our findings, there are strong relationships between attitudes towards ART and socio demographic variables, as well as religiousness and some individual attitudes, including those related to traditional family formation practices, “justification for homosexuality”, (non-)preference for homosexual neighbors and acceptance of adoption by homosexual couples. For country-level characteristics we find significant association only in the case of mean age at first birth of women. We do not find a significant relationship between attitudes towards ART and country-level variables such as GDP, religiosity and same-sex couples’ access to ART.
USO DE TÉCNICAS VEGETATIVAS NA RECUPERAÇÃO DE SOLO DE TALUDE AS MARGENS DA RODOVIA BR 381 EM MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Vieira Alexandre sylvio , Neto Antonio pereira
Published: July 2020

Os estudos de impactos ambientais em relação à construção das estradas, devem ser encarados avaliando-se a dimensão dos investimentos em função da região e dos efeitos negativos ao meio ambiente.  Este trabalho foi realizado em um talude da estrada BR 381 na região Leste de Minas Gerais onde o solo foi caracterizado como Argissolo vermelho amarelo. Foram utilizados os tratamentos: Monocultivo da braquiaria, leucena, crotalária e guandu além dos cultivos da leucena, braquiaria, crotalaria e guandu consorciados. Foram construídos sulcos na horizontal com distância de 0,5 metro seguido de semeadura adensada. Após 18 meses de desenvolvimento das plantas, foram coletados amostras de solo para determinação de suas características de densidade aparente e capacidade de retenção de água nas linhas de plantio e entrelinhas. A presença das plantas beneficiou as características físicas do solo nas linhas de plantio como densidade aparente e retenção de água com exceção da cultura da leucena.  A redução da capacidade de reter água dos solos foi observada nos solos adensados das entrelinhas, o mesmo não ocorrendo com os solos das linhas de plantio, local de desenvolvimento das raízes. Na linha de plantio do Guandu, os valores de retenção de água foram 23% superiores quando comparado a capacidade de retenção de água das entrelinhas de cultivo.
ELABORAÇÃO DE FERMENTADO ALCOÓLICO DE MELANCIA (Citrullus lanatus) COM PRÓPOLIS E VERIFICAÇÃO DOS COMPOSTOS FENÓLICOS E ANTIOXIDANTES
Authors: Dangui Anayana Zago , Silva Ana Merian da , Ranchel Bruna Valiatti , Kwiatkowski Naiana , Muller Sônia Bopp , Lima Kely Priscila de
Published: July 2020

A melancia (Citrullus lanatus) é um alimento saudável, refrescante, diurético, de baixo teor calórico, rico em água e que funciona como uma excelente fonte de sais minerais e vitaminas como: A, B1 e B2, que ajudam a manter a integridade da pele e do sistema nervoso e auxiliam no metabolismo dos carboidratos. Além disso, a polpa vermelha é rica em licopeno, um pigmento antioxidante, que exerce importante papel na prevenção contra o câncer e contra doenças do coração. A obtenção do fermentado de fruta se dá pela fermentação alcoólica, que é o tipo de fermentação em que se obtêm essencialmente etanol. Os flavonoides são considerados os principais compostos bioativos da própolis com vários estudos comprovando as suas propriedades antibacterianas, antivirais e antioxidantes. O principal objetivo deste artigo foi a elaboração e acompanhamento de fermentado alcoólico de melancia, visando o aumento dos compostos fenólicos e antioxidantes com a adição da própolis. Dentre os resultados obtidos foram pH 3,88 para o fermentado normal e 3,89 para o fermentado com própolis, observou-se um pequeno aumento pH do meio do fermentado com própolis, tornando-se menos ácido. O oBrix apresentou-se em 8,1 para o fermentado normal e 7,00 para o fermentado com própolis. A partir dos resultados encontrados de compostos bioativos de ambos os fermentados nota-se que as amostras com própolis apresentam valores elevados de antioxidantes e compostos fenólicos se comparados com o suco da melancia e o fermentado sem adição do própolis, onde o fermentado alcoólico obteve 1464,02 mg GAE/ 100 mL de compostos fenólicos e 853,51 mg Trolox/ 100 mL de atividade antioxidante. Porém, este valor aumentou significativamente nas amostras que foram adicionadas de própolis, obtendo assim, 2411,28 mg GAE/ 100 mL e 969,69 mg Trolox/ 100 mL.
SOBERANIA E SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR: PERCEPÇÕES HISTÓRICAS, CONCEPÇÕES DE CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E SOCIEDADE E ENTENDIMENTOS AGROECOLÓGICOS
Authors: Bordenowsky da Silva Thais , Haliski Antônio Marcio
Published: July 2020

: A área de concentração de ciência, tecnologia e sociedade (CTS), permeia um grande leque proporcionando pesquisas aplicadas e soluções tecnológicas que beneficiem a comunidade local. Estas tecnologias permitem impulsionar processos de empoderamento, construção coletiva de conhecimento. A perspectiva agroecologia soa como um dos caminhos para a garantia da segurança alimentar da comunidade. Como metodologia foi utilizada uma revisão bibliográfica dos temas relacionados, de forma eletrônica e/ou manual através de livros, artigos, dissertações e teses disponíveis em bibliotecas. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi elucidar a visão de CTS e a incorporação das tecnologias sociais, na interação com a população e apropriadas por ela. Evidenciar a construção da agroecologia no âmbito do que vem a ser soberania e segurança alimentar e nutricional. O contexto apresenta uma reflexão tendo como princípio epistemológico a agroecologia como uma proposta na visão CTS – Ciência, Tecnologia, Sociedade, em prol da segurança e soberania alimentar. A agroecologia faz imergir uma nova relação com o alimento, harmonização de diálogo acerca de questões essenciais em ciência, tecnologia, sociedade, segurança alimentar e desenvolvimento sustentável. A ampliação do conhecimento agroecológico, expande as possibilidades de uma transformação efetiva dos paradigmas de produção e consumo de alimentos do sistema agroalimentar vigente.
Deactivation of Ascaris suum eggs using electroporation and sequential inactivation with chemical disinfection
Authors: Niven C. , Parker C. B. , Wolter S. D. , Dryzer M. H. , Arena C. B. , Stoner B. R. , Ngaboyamahina E.
Published: July 2020

Electroporation has been evaluated as a potential backend wastewater treatment for deactivation of Ascaris suum eggs in buffer solution. Initial results indicate that eggshell permeability is affected by the pulse train electric field strength and duration. Coupling electroporation with chemical exposure, using low concentrations of commercially available disinfectants, allows oxidizing agents to pass through the complex strata of the A. suum eggshell, specifically reaching the innermost embryonic environment, which leads to successful deactivation compared to either method used separately. The aim of this work is to identify and develop an alternative technique that efficiently inactivates helminth eggs present in wastewater.
Parameter estimation of a dual-pol radar rain rate estimator with truncated paired data
Authors: Ku Jung Mo , Na Wooyoung , Yoo Chulsang
Published: July 2020

This study proposes a new method for estimating the parameters of a radar rain rate estimator, particularly of the dual-pol radar. The proposed method is similar to the probability matching method (PMM), except for being based on truncated data pairs. A truncation value is introduced to the log-transformed data in order to remove those in the low rain rate zone as well as to introduce Gaussian distribution. The parameters are then estimated by comparing the first- and second-order moments. The proposed method is applied to a total of six rainfall events observed by the Beaslesan Radar in Korea from 2014 to 2017. Summarizing the results, first, the truncation value should be applied to the horizontal reflectivity (dBZh) data. In this case only, the other two data, the rain rate (dBR) and the differential reflectivity (dBZdr), follow the Gaussian distribution well. It is also important to consider rather severe rainfall events for the parameter estimation. The parameters for only the severe rainfall events are all estimated rather reasonably. On the other hand, for the other moderate and light rainfall events, the parameters are estimated as being rather far from their normal ranges. This is mainly due to the relatively small variance of dBR compared to that of dBZh. That is, the variance of dBR is found to be greatly dependent on the peak rain rate, but the variance of dBZh remains almost unchanged, regardless of the peak rain rate. As a result, the peak rain rate plays a dominant role in the reasonable parameter estimation. These findings are also consistent with many previous studies.
Cocrystallization: Cutting Edge Tool for Physicochemical Modulation of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Authors: Kumari Nimmy , Ghosh Animesh
Published: July 2020

Cocrystallization is a widely accepted and clinically relevant technique that has prospered very well
over the past decades to potentially modify the physicochemical properties of existing active pharmaceutic ingredients
(APIs) without compromising their therapeutic benefits. Over time, it has become an integral part of the
pre-formulation stage of drug development because of its ability to yield cocrystals with improved properties in a
way that other traditional methods cannot easily achieve. Cocrystals are solid crystalline materials composed of
two or more than two molecules which are non-covalently bonded in the same crystal lattice. Due to the continuous
efforts of pharmaceutical scientists and crystal engineers, today cocrystals have emerged as a cutting edge
tool to modulate poor physicochemical properties of APIs such as solubility, permeability, bioavailability, improving
poor mechanical properties and taste masking. The success of cocrystals can be traced back by looking at
the number of products that are getting regulatory approval. At present, many cocrystals have obtained regulatory
approval and they successfully made into the market place followed by a fair number of cocrystals that are currently
in the clinical phases. Considering all these facts about cocrystals, the formulation scientists have been
inspired to undertake more relevant research to extract out maximum benefits. Here in this review cocrystallization
technique will be discussed in detail with respect to its background, different synthesis approaches, synthesis
mechanism, application and improvements in drug delivery systems and its regulatory perspective.
The Development of Spectrophotometric and Validated Stability- Indicating RP-HPLC Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Ephedrine HCL, Naphazoline HCL, Antazoline HCL, and Chlorobutanol in Pharmaceutical Pomade Form
Authors: Dindar Çiğdem K. , Erkmen Cem , Uslu Bengi , Göğer Nilgün G.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Allergic rhinitis, acute nasal congestion and sinusitis are one of the most
common health problems and have a major effect on the quality of life. Several medications are
used to improve the symptoms of such diseases in humans. Pharmaceutical pomade form
containing Ephedrine (EPD) HCl, Naphazoline (NPZ) HCl, Antazoline (ANT) HCl, and
Chlorobutanol (CLO) is one of them.

Objective:

For these reasons, this study includes the development of spectrophotometric and
chromatographic methods for the determination of EPD HCl, NPZ HCl, ANT HCl, and CLO
active agents in the pharmaceutical pomade.

Method:

In the spectrophotometric method, third-order derivative of the amplitudes at 218 nm n=5
and the first-order derivative of the amplitudes 254 nm n=13 was selected for the determination of
EPD, ANT, respectively while NPZ was determined by the second derivative at 234 nm and n=21.
Colorimetric detection was applied for assay analysis of CLO at 540 nm. Furthermore, a reverse
phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP- HPLC) method has been developed and
optimized by using Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 (75 mm x 3.0 mm, 3.5μm) column. The
column temperature was 40°C, binary gradient elution was used and the mobile phase consisted of
15 mM phosphate buffer in distilled water (pH 3.0) and methanol, and the flow rate was 0.6 mL
min-1 and the UV detector was detected at 210 nm. The linear operating range was obtained as
11.97-70, 0.59-3, 2.79-30, and 2.92-200 μg mL-1 for EPD HCl, NPZ HCl, ANT HCl, and CLO
respectively.

Results:

The LOD values were found to be 3.95, 0.19, 0.92 and 0.96 μg mL-1 for EPD HCl, NPZ
HCl, ANT HCl, and CLO in the spectrophotometric method, respectively. The linear ranges in the
RP-HPLC method were 8.2-24.36 μg mL-1, 0.083 - 0.75 μg/mL, 2.01-7.5 μg mL-1 and 2.89-24.4
μg mL-1 for EPD HCl, NPZ HCl, ANT HCl, and CLO, respectively. The LOD values in the
validation studies were 2.7, 0.025, 0.66 and 0.86 μg mL-1 for EPD HCl, NPZ HCl, ANT HCl, and
CLO in RP-HPLC method respectively.

Conclusion:

The results of the spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods were compared
and no differences were found between the two methods.
Molecular Dynamics in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Who’s in Control?
Authors: Dang Tong , Chai Jianyuan
Published: July 2020

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the fastest-growing cancers in the world. It
occurs primarily due to the chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), during which the
esophageal epithelium is frequently exposed to the acidic fluid coming up from the stomach. This
triggers gene mutations in the esophageal cells, which may lead to EAC development. While p53 is
activated to get rid of the mutated cells, NFκB orchestrates the remaining cells to heal the wound.
However, if the mutations happen to TP53 (a common occasion), the mutant product turns to support
tumorigenesis. In this case, NFκB goes along with the mutant p53 to facilitate cancer progression.
TRAIL is one of the cytokines produced in response to GERD episodes and it can kill cancer
cells selectively, but its clinical use has not been as successful as expected, because some highly sophisticated
defense mechanisms against TRAIL have developed during the malignancy. To clear
the obstacles for TRAIL action, using a second agent to disarm the cancer cells is required. CCN1
appears to be such a molecule. While supporting normal esophageal cell growth, CCN1 suppresses
malignant transformation by inhibiting NFκB and kills the EAC cell through TRAIL-mediated
apoptosis.
Patient Satisfaction with the Etanercept Biosimilar SB4 Device, Among Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthropathy Patients - A German Observational Study
Authors: Maucksch Christof , Aries Peer M. , Zinke Silke , Müller-Ladner Ulf
Published: July 2020

Background:

The etanercept biosimilar SB4 is a TNF inhibitor authorised for use as a targeted Biological Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drug (bDMARD). Various administration devices have been developed for subcutaneous self-injection of bDMARDs.

Objective:

This study surveyed patient satisfaction with their experience of using the SB4 pre-filled pen device.

Methods:

This non-interventional, cross-sectional, multi-centre study enrolled adult rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthropathy patients who had been treated for at least three months with the SB4 pre-filled pen. Based on a standardized questionnaire, patients rated general satisfaction, handling, user-friendliness, physical characteristics, and training material received. A total of 492 eligible patients completed questionnaires at 43 centres across Germany between August 2017 and June 2018. Data were analysed descriptively. Pre-defined subgroup analyses by previous therapy and by indication were performed.

Results:

Overall, 87% (95% CI 83% - 90%) of patients reported being ‘satisfied’ or ‘very satisfied’ with the pen. 89% of patients reported that the pen was ‘simple’ or ‘very simple’ to use. Most patients (87%) self-injected. 93% of patients who received training on the use of the pen were ‘satisfied’ or ‘very satisfied’ with the training provided. In this cross-sectional study, 12 patients reported an Adverse Event (AE) and one patient reported a treatment-related AE (nausea).

Conclusion:

The results demonstrated a high level of general satisfaction among patients using the SB4 pre-filled pen as well as satisfaction with ease of use for patients who were either naïve to bDMARDs or who had switched to SB4 from other bDMARDs.
Theoretical Foundations of Adolescent Development through Tagiuri’s Taxonomy: Analysis of Educational Setting as an Organizational Climate
Authors: Aslan Mehmet , Kosir Suzana , Levidze Marine
Published: July 2020

Background:

Research on student attachment and adolescent development indicates that negligence or lack of support during development processes such as social, emotional, and psychological processes could cause severe harm to their future lives in adulthood. Thus, delinquent behaviors may occur as less severe in peer pressure, academic challenges, family problems and as more severe in truancy, drop-out, academic failure, substance usage, juvenile crimes, suicidal tendencies,etc.

Aims:

In this regard, the present study aims at providing theoretical foundations of adolescent development through Tagiuri’s four scaled taxonomy in order to analyze the school environment as an organizational climate: ecology, milieu, social system, and culture.

Methods:

Based on the presented literature review, content analysis was used to present different theoretical foundations of adolescents based on Taqiuri’s four scaled taxonomy on school attachment. The content analysis helped us to analyze the presence, meaning and relationship of certain themes or concept.

Results:

The study shows that one of the significant challenges that appear for educational settings is to find ways and strategies to address students` developmental and academic needs in a fashion of preventing delinquent behaviors and fostering adaptive behaviors. One of the major findings of the study suggests that educational performance and enhancement should be measured together with the four scaled taxonomy to reach a complete framework of a bonding model in education.

Conclusion:

The study also aims at providing an overview of the research on Attachment Theory and its relation with Tagiuri’s four scaled taxonomy by analysis of a comprehensive research table in the field.
An evaluation of mathematics learning program at primary education using Countenance Stake Evaluation model
Authors: Tompong Bayuk Nusantara Karaeng Jannang , Jailani Jailani
Published: July 2020

The quality of mathematics learning in Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi were in a low category based on the research findings from the Institute of Educational Quality Assurance of South Sulawesi in 2011. It affects students to be unwilling to be involved in the process of mathematics learning. This study aims to evaluate the process of learning mathematics in the elementary educational level at Bantaeng Regency. The model of evaluation used in this study is the Stake Countenance Model consisting of three steps of evaluation, namely antecedent, transaction, and outcomes. The subjects of this study were 12 teachers at state elementary schools in Bantaeng Regency assessed by three raters. There were 363 midterm score tests from 12 schools. The instruments used in this study were observation sheet, lesson plan sheet, assessment documentation sheet, and interview guideline. This study used a quantitative research approach supported by qualitative data. The result of the study shows that (1) the lesson plan of mathematics subject is in a good category (93.45%), (2) the learning process is in the good enough category (67.07%), (3) the document of students assessment is in the good enough category (71.34%), and (4) most students in each school do not pass the school standard.
Analysis of science process skills in physics education students
Authors: Maison Maison , Darmaji Darmaji , Kurniawan Dwi Agus , Astalini Astalini , Dewi Utari Prisma , Kartina Lia
Published: July 2020

This study aims to analyze students' science process skills on specific heat material by reviewing two aspects of basic science process skills indicators (observation and classification), and two indicators of integrated science process skills (identifying variables and making hypotheses). This research uses a descriptive quantitative method. In this study, the sample used was 35 students of physics education of batch 2018 who were randomly selected. The assessment instrument used was the science process skills observation sheet with the skill score used in the form of a Likert scale. The results of the study show that the students' mastery of basic science process skills on the observation indicator is 65% in the good category, 30% in the high category, and 10% in the category of not good to low, whereas, the classification indicators obtained are 54.3% and 37.1% of students have mastered classification skills in both good and high categories. The remaining 8.6% are classified in the not good category. For the mastery of integrated science process skills in the variable identification indicator, 60% of them are in the good category and 14.3% in the high category. The rest are in the category of not good and low. For the indicators of skills in making hypotheses, 65.7% and 14.3% are in the good and high categories. It proves that physics education students have mastery of science process skills that are in the good category.
Parallel tests viewed from the arrangement of item numbers and alternative answers
Authors: Kartowagiran Badrun , Mardapi Djemari , Purnama Dian Normalitasari , Kriswantoro Kriswantoro
Published: July 2020

This research aims to prove that a parallel test can be constructed by randomizing the test item numbers and or alternative answers' order. This study used the experimental method with a post-test only non-equivalent control group design, involving junior high schools students in Yogyakarta City with a sample of 320 students of State Junior High School (SMPN) 5 Yogyakarta and 320 students of SMPN 8 Yogyakarta established using the stratified proportional random sampling technique. The instrument used is a mathematics test in the form of an objective test consisting of a five-question package and each package contains 40 items with four alternatives. The test package is randomized in the item numbers' order from the smallest to the largest and vice versa. The options in each item are also randomized from A to D and vice versa. Each item is analyzed using the Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory approaches, while data analysis is done using the discrimination index with Kruskal-Wallis test technique to see the differences among the five-question packages. The study reveals that the result of item analysis using the Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory approaches shows no significant difference in the difficulty index among Package 1 until Package 5. Nevertheless, according to the Classical Test Theory, there is a category shift of the difficulty index of Package 2 until Package 5 when compared to Package 1 – the original package – which is, in general, not a good package, because it contains too easy items.
Developing instruments for measuring the level of early childhood development
Authors: Gunartha I Wayan , Sulaiman Tajularipin , Suardiman Siti Partini , Kartowagiran Badrun
Published: July 2020

The aims of the study were to: (1) develop a set of instruments to measure the level of early childhood development (kindergarten group B), and (2) assess the quality of the developed instruments. This study is developmental research. The samples of the study were the students of kindergarten group B. The developed instrument was a set of questionnaires. Instrument testing was carried out in three stages with the number of subjects increased on each stage. The validity analysis of the questionnaire used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability estimation of the questionnaire used composite reliability. The results of the study are in the form of instruments for measuring the level of early childhood development, which consists of an instrument to measure religious morality, social-emotional, language, cognitive, and physical-motor development. Based on field study, all instruments have a good fit model, construct validity, and reliability that meet the academic requirements of early childhood education.
Item parameters of Yureka Education Center (YEC) English Proficiency Online Test (EPOT) instrument
Authors: Siwi Endrati Jati , Anindyarini Rosyita , Nahar Sabiqun
Published: July 2020

Yureka Education Center (YEC) is one of the institutions which has developed an online-based English proficiency test. The test is called the English Proficiency Online Test (EPOT) which follows the TOEFL ITP (Institutional Testing Program) framework. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the characteristics of EPOT instruments consisting of Listening, Structure, and Reading subtests, which later the quality of each EPOT test item is identified. This study used a descriptive quantitative approach by describing the characteristics of EPOT test items in terms of item difficulty index, item discrimination index, test information’s function, and test measurement’s errors. The data were collected through EPOT trials conducted by 2,652 online test-takers as participants from 20 provinces in Indonesia. The collected data were then analyzed using the Item Response Theory (IRT) approach using the BILOG program on all logistic parameter models which began with the item compatibility test against the model. Based on the results of the analysis, all subtests match the 3-PL model. Most of EPOT’s test items had a good range of difficulty index and discrimination index. The EPOT information’s function shows that accurate items are used on the 3-PL model for a certain capability range. This study is expected to point out that the EPOT test could be used as an alternative English proficiency test that is easy to use and useful.
Telerehabilitation for Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Focused Review of Technologies and Teleservices (Preprint)
Authors: Naeemabadi MReza , Fazlali Hesam , Najafi Samira , Dinesen Birthe , Hansen John
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Telerehabilitation programs are designed with the aim of improving the quality of services as well as overcoming existing limitations in terms of resource management and accessibility of services. This review will collect recent studies investigating telerehabilitation programs for patients with knee osteoarthritis while focusing on the technologies and services provided in the programs.

OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this review is to identify and discuss the modes of service delivery and technologies in telerehabilitation programs for patients with knee osteoarthritis. The gaps, strengths, and weaknesses of programs will be discussed individually.

METHODS

Studies published in English since 2000 were retrieved from the EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and PsycINFO databases. The search words “telerehabilitation,” “telehealth,” “telemedicine,” “teletherapy,” and “ehealth” were combined with “knee” and “rehabilitation” to generate a data set of studies for screening and review. The final group of studies reviewed here includes those that implemented teletreatment for patients for at least 2 weeks of rehabilitation.

RESULTS

In total, 1198 studies were screened, and the full text of 154 studies was reviewed. Of these, 38 studies were included, and data were extracted accordingly. Four modes of telerehabilitation service delivery were identified: phone-based, video-based, sensor-based, and expert system–based telerehabilitation. The intervention services provided in the studies included information, training, communication, monitoring, and tracking. Video-based telerehabilitation programs were frequently used. Among the identified services, information and educational material were introduced in only one-quarter of the studies.

CONCLUSIONS

Video-based telerehabilitation programs can be considered the best alternative solution to conventional treatment. This study shows that, in recent years, sensor-based solutions have also become more popular due to rapid developments in sensor technology. Nevertheless, communication and human-generated feedback remain as important as monitoring and intervention services.
Advantages and Challenges in Using Telehealth for Home-Based Palliative Care: Protocol for a Systematic Mixed Studies Review (Preprint)
Authors: Steindal Simen A , Nes Andréa Aparecida Goncalves , Godskesen Tove E , Lind Susanne , Dhle Alfhild , Winger Anette , Österlind Jane , Pettersen Fredrik Solvang , Holmen Heidi , Klarare Anna
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Given the increasing number of people in need of palliative care services and the current health care professional workforce strain, providing equitable, quality palliative care has become a challenge. Telehealth could be an innovative approach to palliative care delivery, enabling patients to spend more time or even remain at home, if they wish, throughout the illness trajectory. However, no previous systematic mixed studies reviews have synthesized evidence on patients’ experiences of the advantages and challenges of telehealth for home-based palliative care.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this systematic mixed studies review is to critically appraise and synthesize findings from studies that investigated patients’ use of telehealth in home-based palliative care with a focus on the advantages and challenges experienced by the patients.

METHODS

This article describes the protocol for a systematic mixed studies review with a convergent design. The reporting will be guided by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. A systematic search was performed in eight databases for studies published from January 2010 to June 2020. The search will be updated in 2021. Pairs of authors will independently assess eligibility, extract data, and assess methodological quality. The data will then be analyzed using thematic synthesis.

RESULTS

We describe the rationale and design of a systematic mixed studies review. The database searches were performed on June 25, 2020. Assessment of eligibility and further steps have not yet been performed. Results are anticipated by August 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

Following the ethos of patient-centered palliative care, this systematic mixed studies review could lead to recommendations for practice and policy, enabling the development and implementation of telehealth applications and services that align with patients’ preferences and needs at home.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/22626
Is tracking and modeling Covid-19 infection dynamics for Bangladesh using daily data feasible? (Preprint)
Authors: Ahsan Karar Zunaid , Ijdi Rashida , Streatfield Peter Kim
Published: July 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Given the low Covid-19 testing coverage in the country, this study tested whether the daily change in the number of new Covid-19 cases is due to increase (or decrease) in the number of tests done daily. We performed Granger causality test based on vector autoregressive models on Bangladesh case and test numbers between 8 March and 5 June 2020, using publicly available data. The test results show that the daily number of tests Granger-cause the number of new cases (p <0.001), meaning the daily number of new cases is perhaps due to an increase in test capacity rather than a change in the infection rates. From the results of this test we can infer that if the number of daily tests does not increase substantially, data on new infections will not give much information for understanding covid-19 infection dynamics in Bangladesh.