bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principal component analysis of financial statements. A compositional approach
Authors: Carreras Simó Miquel , Coenders Germà
Published: December 2020

Financial ratios are often used in principal component analysis and related techniques for the purposes of data reduction and visualization. Besides the dependence of results on ratio choice, ratios themselves pose a number of problems when subjected to a principal component analysis, such as skewed distributions. In this work, we put forward an alternative method drawn from compositional data analysis (CoDa), a standard statistical toolbox for use when data convey information about relative magnitudes, as financial ratios do. The method, referred to as the CoDa biplot, does not rely on any particular choice of financial ratio but allows researchers to visually order firms along the pairwise financial ratios for any two accounts. Non-financial magnitudes and time evolution can be added to the visualization as desired. We show an example of its application to the top chains in the Spanish grocery retail sector and show how the technique can be used to depict strategic management differences in financial structure or performance, and their evolution over time.
Determinants of attendance frequency to flamenco shows in Spain. A cultural economic approach
Authors: Heredia-Carroza Jesús , Palma Martos Luis , Marín Alejandro
Published: December 2020

This article aims to determine which variables have effect on the attendance frequency to live flamenco shows. Firstly we have done interviews to flamenco and music industry experts to achieve new-fangled variables in our analysis. Secondly, these variables were valued by flamenco consumers through surveys. Afterwards, with these data, we used a methodology based on different econometric models to obtain the coefficients of the variables. The results show how variables such as educational level, the way the music is listened or the valuation of the performer, amongst others, have an influence on the attendance frequency to flamenco live shows. The article contributes to the scarce empirical literature relating attendance frequency determinants to traditional popular genres by adding never studied before variables, focusing on the flamenco case.
La relación entre la confianza y el compromiso y sus efectos en la lealtad de marca
Authors: Rocha Frederico Rafael Vargas , Curiel Javier de Esteban , Cunha Luiz Rodrigo Moura
Published: December 2020

Este artículo toma en cuenta las variables confianza y compromiso del cliente para lograr la tan deseada lealtad hacia a una marca. En este sentido, se propone validar un modelo teórico compuesto por tres pilares, es decir, la confianza, el compromiso y la lealtad de marca que será útil para las empresas que poseen un enfoque orientado hacia el valor de marca (brand equity). Este estudio ha sido uno de los pioneros en el contexto académico de Brasil en usar dichos pilares al analizar una marca con más de tres décadas de historia en el sector del entretenimiento musical brasileño, que es la del Festival Rock in Rio. Se alcanzaron 725 cuestionarios en línea por medio del Facebook Ads que fueron aplicados a los participantes del Rock in Rio en la edición del año 2017. Además, se establecieron, inicialmente, 3 hipótesis que se convirtieron en 5 hipótesis durante el proceso de análisis estadístico, de las que 4 de ellas fueron aceptadas. Según los resultados empíricos obtenidos, las relaciones entre los constructos confianza/expectativa de los servicios frente a compromiso, confianza/expectativa de los servicios frente a lealtad, confianza/recuperación de los servicios frente a lealtad y compromiso frente a lealtad presentaron resultados satisfactorios. Así que la utilización de dichos constructos en el modelo de prueba produjo un R2 de un 57,7% para el compromiso y un 83,1% para la lealtad, que son respectivamente positivos. Los hallazgos de este trabajo han sido tratados con análisis de contenido y procedimientos estadísticos basados en técnicas multivariantes.
MODELING AND ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMICAL EVAL UA TION OF GEOTECHNICAL STRATEGY FOR THE MINING OF TRANSITION AREAS OF ORE DEPOSITS
Authors:   Institute of Mining Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SOKOLOV I.V. , NIKITIN I.V. ,   Institute of Mining Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SOLOMEIN Y.M. ,   Institute of Mining Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

The economic-mathematical model of geotechnological strategy for the mining of transition areas at the consecutive scheme of the combined mining of ore deposits, representing a set of the methods for determining the parameters and indicators of the mining technical system, the evaluation algorithm and the corresponding computer program, was created. In the result of modeling the developed options of geotechnical strategy with different the condition of quarry, sequence of mining, method and scheme of opening, mining system, method of isolation goaf from quarry, method of utilization of wastes from mining and mineral processing, the optimal option was selected on proposed complex environmental and economical criterion.
ANALYSIS OF THERMOGRAMS DURING THERMAL VISION EXAMINATION OF HEAT PIPES OF MINES
Authors:   Developer-Soft LLC, SOKOLOV V.A. , SOKOLOVA S.S. ,   Tula State University, ROZHKOV V.F. ,   Tula State University
Published: December 2020

Thermography is a modern method of estimation the condition of heating networks using thermograms. The article considers discrimination of certain quantization levels without loss of thermogram analysis performance. Discrimination is performed by calculating the width of overlapping zone of thermogram histograms. The analysed histograms are supposed to have normal distribution of brightness. The statements for finding the informative brightness levels are given.
CURRENT STATE OF THE RESOURCE BASE OF COAL MINING INDUSTRY IN KUZBASS
Authors:   Kemerovo branch Of the Institute of computing technologies SB RAS, SHAKLEIN S.V. ,   Federal research center for coal and coal chemistry SB RAS, PISARENKO M.V. ,   Federal Research Center for Coal and Coal Chemistry
Published: December 2020

Analysis of the grade composition of the mineral resource base of the distributed and undistributed subsoil Fund as of 01.01.2018 showed a decrease in reserves of coal intended for open pit mining. In the future, the production of a number of technological grades of coal (gas fat (GZh), fat (Zh), coking fat (KZh), coking (K), coking caking low-metamorphized (KCN), coking caking (KC), lean caking (OC), low caking (CC) is possible only by underground method. The expansion of the raw material base of the Kuzbass coal industry and the support of coal production volumes, primarily by the technological of grades coking fat (KZh), coking (K), coking caking (KC), lean caking (OC), low caking (CC) involves exploration, the use of unconventional production technologies and tax preferences for coal mining enterprise
THE THERMAL MODE OF LARGE-SPAN EXCA VATIONS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF NUCLEAR POWER FACILITIES
Authors:   Branch of the Murmansk Arctic State University, KARNACHEV I.P. , NIKOLAEV V.G. ,   Branch of the Murmansk Arctic State University, BIRYUKOV V.V. ,   Mining Institute of the Kola Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GUSAK S.A. ,   Mining Institute of the Kola Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

The paper observes particular experimental research results on increase of stability of mining excavations in a permafrost area under low positive temperatures. The authors discuss the tasks on determining the temperature field parameters around the different-section excavations of underground small nuclear power plants at the construction stage. The mathematical models were designed for heat transfer processes in frozen rocks. The rocks were simulated as pore media filled with water with phase transfer under heating. This allowed creating virtual computing stands on which it became possible to work out the thermal modes of excavation driving.
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AS A TOOL TO INCREASE THE EXPORT OF RUSSIAN COAL
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations, EFIMOVA N.V. , FILIMONOV F.Y. ,   «Sumitomo Corporation Central Eurasia» LLC
Published: December 2020

Currently, conditions for the development of special relations between the state and business are being created, with mutually beneficial result. First, such relationships are necessary in strategically important sectors, such as energy security, where the infrastructure level is of particular importance. Public-private partnership is just such a type of cooperation, solving the issues of developing a specific type of business on the one hand and improving the economic situation in the country on the other. The need to implement major infrastructure projects in the railway sector is caused by the current state of rail-cars and the railway network itself. Solving these problems together with the state through public-private partnerships can provide real support to Russian coal miners in increasing export.
Peran Teknologi Dalam Pembelajaran Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Hanifah Salsabila Unik , Irna Sari Lailli , Haibati Lathif Khusna , Puji Lestari Ayu , Ayuning Asyharinur
Published: December 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused major changes in almost all aspects of life, one of which is the education system. Changes in the education system make it difficult for students to receive the material, especially students at the Elementary School and Kindergarten levels, because learning that is usually done conventionally turns into distance-learning or done online, the implementation of which cannot be separated from the use of technology information. This journal aims to examine the role of technology in the implementation of learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, besides that it also examines the challenges of education during the Covid-19 pandemic using descriptive-analytical literature methods. The results and conclusions in this paper show that technology has an important role in the implementation of learning, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic like today. Technology plays a role as a medium in making interactions between educators and students in the implementation of online learning. In addition, technology also plays a role in facilitating educators to deliver learning material so that learning continues even though it is not done face to face. In the implementation of online learning, of course, there are obstacles that become challenges for educations actors, related to academic culture, including values, attitudes, knowledge, skills, and readiness of technology-related facilities and infrastructure. The implementation of literacy and training related to the use of technology can be a solution to facing some of the challenges of online learning during the current Covid-19 pandemic.
Ensemble Perception: A Review of the Field
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Iakovlev Aleksei , Tiurina Natalia , Utochkin Igor
Published: December 2020

Ensemble perception refers to the ability of an observer to precisely estimate summary statistics of multiple objects (average, range, numerosity, etc.) at a glance. This article reviews the properties and research methodology of ensemble perception. Further, we consider the theoretical debate around mechanisms of information sampling and summary statistics calculation. One theory suggests a coarse, parallel and exhaustive mechanism, whereas another theory assumes high-precision processing of a small subsample of items to accomplish proxy statistics for the entire ensemble. We describe the evolving view of the internal ensemble representation that initially was viewed as a single magnitude (e.g., average) but later thought of as the entire feature distribution of all items. We also discuss the role of ensemble representations in various perceptual tasks. Finally, we describe potential neural correlates and neurally plausible models of ensemble perception.
Effect of Heavy Metals Emissions on Ecosystem of Pakistan
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Bushra Sharf  , Saqaina Anwar
Published: December 2020

Environmental contamination is one of the significant problems of modern society. Heavy metal pollutants include zinc, arsenic, nickel, cadmium, copper, lead, chromium, manganese, and iron etc. Their universal bioavailability accumulation in the food chain causes severe effects on human health. The lives of living species will be preserved by unique heavy metal treatments to improve the air, soil, and water quality. This review article represents a glimpse of heavy metal contamination in several areas of Pakistan over the past few years, that assess the heavy metal especially the contamination in water (groundwater, surface water, and wastewater), soil, and particulate matter. The listed pollution affects the quality of drinking water, the ecological environment, and the food chain. The toxicity induced by contaminated water, soil, and air causes a genuine threat to human health. Moreover, the technologies to overcome this problem has also reported in it.
Tibetan “Barbarians” in China’s Borderlands: Changing Perspectives According to the Geographical Records in the Siku Quanshu
Authors: Ptáčková Jarmila
Published: December 2020

China has always considered herself to be the center of the world. Those regions and populations which were not included in the Chinese territory under direct supervision of the imperial court were, depending on their distance from the court, perceived as being in a tighter or looser tributary relation to China. Tibet and its territorial relation to China is one such example and the historical sovereignty or suzerainty of China over Tibet is an omnipresent issue even in the current Sino-Tibetan context.

China expresses territorial claims over Tibet originating from the Yuan or even the Tang dynasty, while the Tibetan side argues that Tibet was an independent state until the middle of the twentieth century. There is evidence to support both claims. However, it is difficult to judge historical territorial claims from our contemporary viewpoint and current understanding of the functions and integrity of the state and its borders.

Undoubtedly, China and Tibet, as neighboring entities, experienced intense cultural, political, and religious interaction, and depending on the given political situation they would seek alliances or, more frequently, clash as enemies. An inquiry into the geographical records of the Qing dynasty collection of valuable sources, the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries (Siku quanshu), and particularly into the Qing historiographical record, the Da Qing yitong zhi, and its revised version the Jiaqing chongxiu yitong zhi, indicates that relations between China and Tibet were much more complex than presented by the two political parties nowadays, as they dependednot only on the military strength of the two parties, but also on prevailing economic needs or dominant religious trends.
“Like Sugar in Tea”
Authors: Steuer Clément
Published: December 2020

This article examines how, in a context of conflicting identities and collapsing states throughout the Middle East, the model of an Egyptian nation-state has—conversely—been reinforced during the recent revolutionary and counter-revolutionary waves. At first, the liberation of speech during the “Arab Spring” period of 2011–2013 allowed the public expression of competing models (pan-Islamism, pan-Arabism, Coptic ethno-nationalism, regionalism) of imagined communities. At the same time, however, the national flag became the most widespread symbol of the revolution, appropriated by all the political actors, from the leftists to the Salafis. Since 2013, the expression of diverging conceptions of identity within the political field has become impossible. Thus, the affirmation of alternative models of identity has occasionally taken a violent path, especially in the North-Sinai region, where regionalist feelings meet the pan-Islamism of insurgent jihadi movements. Simultaneously, the state has been trying to co-opt some of the most prominent identities, with a first official recognition of the Nubian culture within the 2014 Constitution, and with the adoption of a quota for Coptic candidates in the Parliament and local councils.
A Resource-Based View and Institutional Theory- based analysis of Industry 4.0 Implementation in the Indian Engineering Industry
Authors: Sony Michael , Aithal P. S.
Published: December 2020

Industry 4.0 is the digital transformation of the organization to meet the organizational goals and objectives. Industry 4.0 is making slow inroads in the Indian Engineering Industry. Therefore, there is a need for a study to understand the dynamics of the implementation in Indian Engineering Industry from a theoretical point of view. This study uses the Institutional Theory and ResourceBased theory to analyse the implementation of Industry 4.0. "Coercive", "normative" and "mimetic" pressure is used to analyse the forces on firms to implement Industry 4.0. Resource-based view is further used to analyse how the "physical, human, organizational, technological, financial and reputational capital" can be used in Indian Engineering Industry to attain competitive advantage. The study also develops a model to understand the dynamics of Industry 4.0 implementation. This is the first study to analyse the dynamics of Industry 4.0 implementation in Indian Engineering Industry. It will help the academicians to enrich the theoretical base of Industry 4.0 implementation. The industry will benefit from this analysis to understand the decision-making process for the implementation of Industry 4.0. The study can be used by the Government to decide policies that formal, informal rules and policies will help the Industries to implement Industry 4.0.
Perception of Employees towards TPM implementation in Foundry Industry with Reference to Coimbatore District
Authors: N. Elamaran , Nedunchezhian V.R. , Suresh Kumar P.K.
Published: December 2020

Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is really an economical method by means it will be able to keep up with the shrub, machinery/ gear in addition to resources inside rewarding condition throughout minimum expense. Well retained machineries leads to productivity. With the companies who are into the foundry industry, the TPM quality policy is to consistently provide superior quality products and services, surpassing customer expectations on time at affordable prices. The main objective is that to study the roles of various people involved in the TPM and to identify the tangible and intangible benefits of TPM. For this a sample of 130 was collected from the respondents were analysed by descriptive statistics, regression analysis, Kruskallwallis, Rank correlation, and SEM analysis. The conclusion is that the TPM is effectively implemented with the organisation and further slight changes have to be made which leads to cost effectiveness towards the company.
Development and Validation of Survey Questionnaire & Experimental Data – A Systematical Review-based Statistical Approach
Authors: Aithal Architha , Aithal P. S.
Published: December 2020

In quantitative research methodology, the empirical research method is finding importance due to its effectiveness in carrying out research in social sciences, business management, and health sciences. The empirical research method contains the procedure of developing a model to find the relationship between different variables identified in a problem. Based on developing hypotheses and testing hypotheses, one can examine and improve the model to explain realworld phenomena. The empirical research method consists of using a survey-based questionnaire to collect the data to identify and interrelate variables present in the problem. It is a comparatively difficult task to design and develop an effective, efficient, and psychometrically perfect questionnaire to be used for research data collection in empirical and clinical research settings. This paper provides a reference on guidelines and framework for developing suitable questionnaires for use in social sciences, business management, medical, and paramedical research with a special emphasis on various stages of questionnaire preparation, preliminary questionnaire testing, and validation (reliability & validity) of the questionnaire using a number of statistical methods. The paper throws light on data collection and analysis stages before the finalization of the developed model for testing hypotheses in empirical research by providing guidelines for the design, development, and translation of questionnaires for application in the above-mentioned research fields. The different types of validation processes required for cleaning the data by various measuring instruments in experimental research are also discussed for comparison. A framework is suggested to guide researchers through the various stages of questionnaire design, development, and improvement using suitable statistical methods to assess the reliability and validity of the questionnaire used in empirical research and validation of the data obtained in experimental research.
EFFECT OF ENGAGED WORKFORCE ON JOB PERFORMANCE: STUDY OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, OKO
Authors:   Deparment of Public Administration Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Nduka Ifegwu , Charlse Okeagu ,   Deparment of Public Administration Abia State Polytechnic, Aba
Published: December 2020

Managers often think that payment of salary and incentive are all the workers needs to be motivated. However beyond motivation which has been adjudged necessary for productivity, is the matter of workers engagement. This paper titled effect of engaged workforce on job performance: study of federal polytechnic, Oko, focused on examining what engages a worker and the effect of the engaged workforce on job performance. The work is hinged on Herzberg’s Two-Factor theory. The study employed qualitative and quantitative method. The finding shows that both the motivational factors and the “hygiene’ factor needs to be in place to “engage” a worker. Secondly, once the workforce is engaged the management spends less both in human and material resources in supervision and control, while recording optimal performance from the employees. It therefore recommends that managers should invest to engage the workers and save energy in supervision and control and yet achieved organizational objective.
THE ROLE OF NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management Science,Veritas University, Abuja, Shimawua Dominic
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study is to assess the contributions of Aisha Buhari Foundation in the alleviation of rural poverty in Nigeria. Population explosion was identified as one of the problems confronting poverty alleviation efforts in Nigeria. It goes without saying that uncontrolled population growth magnifies the problem of poverty and naturally, renders insignificant, poverty alleviation efforts. To check this menace, Nigerians, especially the rural folk should be enlightened on the imperative of birth control. The assistance of Aisha Buhari Foundation, other non-governmental organizations, institutions and government at all levels is needed in this regard. The rural folk need to be told that inasmuch as children are gifts from God, giving birth to as many children as God is willing to give one would merely compound the problem of poverty. Affordable family planning facilities should be provided for Nigerians especially the rural folk. Only when this is done can we hope to control the country’s population which according to the UNDP, is projected to grow to 230 million, that is double that present figure by 20152 (a mere 15 years away). Education is a very useful weapon against poverty. Ironically, poverty is a major weapon against education. In other words, poverty limits the ability of individuals to acquire education. Due to escalating costs of education in the face of dwindling income, many children are withdrawn from school by their parents to indulge in street hawking and unskilled labour. This tendency no doubt helps to compound the problem of poverty. Poverty alleviation efforts in Nigeria will receive a boost if educational opportunities are expanded to benefit as many people as possible.
ACHIEVING EFFECTIVE SERVICE DELIVERY BY LOCAL GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES THROUGH STRATEGIC TRAINING PROGRAMMES
Authors:   Department of Political Science Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Arugu Love
Published: December 2020

The thesis of the study is that effective service delivery by the local government employees is a function of a strategic training framework. Extant literature examined captured the importance of training and development programmes in the local government and stated among other things, that training increases employees productivity, reduce costs, boost morale, promote stability, flexibility and service delivery at the grassroots. The arguments are substantiated with the training and high-performance theory advanced by Gallie and White (1993). The study adopts ex post facto design. Data are obtained from secondary sources and analysed using the content analytical technique. Empirical analysis of literature provides the framework for conclusion and policy recommendation. The study advocates for a strategic continuous training plan to enhance the capacity of local government employees and service delivery in Nigeria.
CHALLENGES OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROVISION IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Dept of Estate Management, Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri, Imo State, C. Iheme , O. Udeagwu ,   Dept of Building Tech, Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri, Imo State, O. Duru ,   Dept of Quantity Surveying, Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri, Imo State
Published: December 2020

Adequate and affordable housing remains the critical basic and second need of every Nigerian after food. For many generations, good shelter and proper housing have eluded both urban and rural populate in Nigeria. Regimes after another have promised to tackle the problems of providing adequate and affordable housing to the masses, but failed after bold attempts. Some researchers have postulated that the problems of Inadequate and affordable housing in Nigeria were as a result of half measure policies of governments, high cost of building material, poor funding of mortgage institutions etc. this conference paper discuss the challenges affecting effective housing provision, availability and affordability indices of housing as experienced by greater population of Nigerians over two decades. The paper also recommended some measures that will ensure affordable housing.
Impact of Global Warming on Public Health
Authors: Hodambia Magaille , Dandala Sindi
Published: December 2020

This article aims to explain the impact of global warming on public health. The mechanism that occurs is that climate change affects environmental factors such as changes in environmental quality such as water quality, air and soil, depletion of the ozone layer, decreases in the quality and quantity of water resources, loss of ecosystem function and land degradation which in the end these factors will affect human health. . Global warming has shortened the mating cycle and growth of mosquitoes from eggs to larvae and adult mosquitoes, so that the population size will increase rapidly. The impact of global warming also affects ozone depletion, among others, the increasing intensity of ultraviolet rays reaching the earth's surface causing health problems, such as skin cancer, cataracts, decreased endurance, and the growth of genetic mutations. . It is also associated with high air temperature with decreased heart rate. A low heart rate can increase the risk of a heart attack.
Transformando pedagogías desde currículos universitarios interculturales
Authors: Castillo Gómez Letisia
Published: December 2020

Actualmente los fenómenos de racismo y discriminación cultural en que vivimos, demandan una profunda revisión de las prácticas pedagógicas y de innovación educativas que se han agenciado en las universidades. Por lo que es vital transformar y crear la transversalidad de una política curricular intercultural que, asuma las diferencias culturales inherentes a las distintas áreas y contenidos del currículo para diligenciar respuestas pedagógicas a una propuesta política de los derechos culturales y de pertinencia. Este ensayo tuvo el propósito de caracterizar el Estado del Arte de la gestión curricular en la Universidad de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense (URACCAN). Se enmarcó en el paradigma cualitativo, en la perspectiva de la investigación educativa, con el enfoque teórico metodológico del Interaccionismo Simbólico (IS), modelo de investigación enfocado en la Teoría Fundamentada, con métodos y técnicas de investigación como el análisis documental, la entrevista y la discusión grupal. El análisis de los datos ha permitido conceptualizar el currículo intercultural, pilar de la gestión curricular en contextos multiétnicos y la necesidad de transformar las pedagogías en procesos recreativos del saber y prácticas interculturales y de pensamientos colectivos críticos para asumir los desafíos del siglo veintiuno.
RESENTMENT AND SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF LARGE FAMILIES
Authors: Forma Paulina
Published: December 2020

Facing the demographic crisis, it is worth reflecting on the issues of the place, significance and values of large family. As I. Bukalska (2017, s. 55) rightly observes, the strength of the influence of an important group of social interest, which are large families, shapes their better perception. Analyzing the content that responds to research problems on characteristics attributed to large families in source materials, media, assigned to large families and stereotyping the category of such families, it can be concluded that, despite the positive impact of these families on many aspects (e.g. demographic, economic, cultural, identity), large families still have to face unfair stereotypes of remaining a burden on society, being recipients of excessive social benefits, and even – as M. Szyszka (2015, s. 177) indicates – a pathological environment label.
The Use of Moxisaxin for Treatment of a Decompensated Cirrhosis Patient with Severe Pulmonary Infection
Authors: Jiang Junfei , Wang Jing , Yang Zhiwen
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Moxifloxacin is recommended for empirical antibiotic treatment of patients with cirrhosis. However, due to a lack of clinical safety data on moxifloxacin in Child-Pugh C patients, it is unknown how to use moxifloxacin in clinical practice. Case Presentation: A 76-year-old female with decompensated cirrhosis developed pneumonia during hospitalization. She had an initial failure to respond to imipenem/cilastatin + linezolid therapy. After three-day therapy with imipenem/cilastatin + moxisaxin, her infection symptoms rapidly improved. At this time, she presented a poor response with suspected hepatic encephalopathy. Given the worsening clinical symptoms caused by drug hepatotoxicity, moxisaxin was discontinued. Then, her body temperature rapidly raised. Conclusions: Moxisaxin may be a potentially useful antibiotic for hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, but further studies are needed to validate its hepatotoxicity.
Perfect Being Theology and Analogy
Authors: Stacey Gregory R. P. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2020

Thomas Williams has argued that the doctrine of univocity (the thesis that God and creatures can be predicated of univocally) is true and salutary. Such a claim is frequently contested, particularly in regard to the property—if there be any such—of existence or being. Inspired by the thought of Francisco Suárez, I outline a way of understanding the thesis of the analogy of being that avoids the criticisms levelled by Williams and others against analogy. I further suggest that the metaphysically committed version of univocal predication favoured by many analytic philosophers of religion causes difficulties for the practice of perfect being theology, which is often taken to play an important role in the construction of kataphatic philosophical theologies. My exposition of the analogy of being is, I suggest, better fitted to the practice of perfect being theology and, thus, salutary for the practice of Christian natural theology.
Acknowledging Animal Rights: A Thomistic Perspective
Authors: Macdonald Paul A. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2020

In this article, I show how it is possible, working from a Thomistic perspective, to affirm the existence of animal rights. To start, I show how it is possible to ascribe indirect rights to animals—in particular, the indirect right to not be treated cruelly by us. Then, I show how it is possible to ascribe some direct rights to animals using the same reasoning that Aquinas offers in defending the claim that animals have indirect rights. Next, I draw on elements of Aquinas’s metaphysical worldview in order to buttress the claim that animals have direct rights. I then respond to an attempt to ground the ethical treatment of animals, but not direct rights for animals, in natural law. In conclusion, I affirm that it is permissible to use animals to further the human good so long as in doing so we respect the direct rights that they possess.
Editor’s Corner
Authors: Sare Laura
Published: December 2020

This is our student paper issue and I would like to thank all the professors who submitted papers this year: Emily Rogers, Andrea Morrison, and Jennifer Morgan. I would also like to thank the editorial board for all their hard work this year reviewing articles. Well done everyone!
Problems to Ponder
Authors: Woodward Jerry A. , Leitze Annette Ricks , Adler Jason , Christie Kaitlyn , Foxworthy Holly , Kratz Kelly , Walton, Donna Lee Slinker , Zawierucha Anna
Published: December 2020

Problems to Ponder provides 28 varying, classroom-ready mathematics problems that collectively span PK–12, arranged in the order of the grade level. Individuals are encouraged to submit a problem or a collection of problems directly to mtlt@nctm.org. If published, the authors of problems will be acknowledged.
Rough-Draft Thinking and Revising in Mathematics
Authors: Jansen Amanda
Published: December 2020

Ear to the Ground features voices from various corners of the mathematics education world.
Effect of water vapor in sonoluminescing bubble
Authors: Xie Chong Guo  , An Yu  , Ying Chong Fu  ,   (1)清华大学物理系,北京  100084; (2)中国科学院声学研究所,北京  100080
Published: December 2020

A simple model of single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) is proposed. The model is based on the approximation of pressure uniformity, while the mass and the temperature in the bubble remain nonuniform. The water vapor evaporation and condensation at the bubble wall and the water vapor diffusion versus the noble gas inside the bubble are also considered. The number density of electrons is estimated by the Saha equation, and in evaluating the light emission from bubbles, bremsstrahlung from electron-neutral particle and electron-ion collisions, as well as recombination radiation, are accounted for. The intensity of light emission at different water temperature is calculated. It has been found that the results obtained using the bremsstrahlung model at a water temperature of 0 ℃ agree with the experimental data. When the wtater tempreture increases, for example at 20 ℃ or above 20 ℃, the calculated results differ from the experimental data in magnitude. If chemical reactions are taken into account, the results by using bremsstrahlung model are always lower than the experimental data by 2 order of magnitude.
Transformation of electronic state of Co3+ and its influence on the structural development in Li(AlxCo1-x)O2
Authors: Hao Wan-Jun  , Li Chang  , Wei Ying-Jin  , Chen Gang  , Xu Wu  ,   (1)吉林大学汽车材料教育部重点实验室和材料科学系，长春  130023; (2)中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所，长春  130022
Published: December 2020

In this paper we have studied the magnetism of a new cathode material with a high energy density, Li(AlxCo1-x)O2(x=01—05), which is used in rechargeable lithium batteries. We found that doping Al can change the spin state of d electron in Co3+， leading to the emergence of high spin d electrons. Accompanied with this, there are also some changes of the structure development which is indicated by the obviously decreasing rate of the increasing value of c/a. This explains the positive deviation of the structure from the Vegard law. This is very important to the design of the microstructure and properties of materials.
Quantum fluctuations of current in a mesoscopic lossless transmission line
Authors: Wang ZhongChun  ,   盐城师范学院物理系,盐城  224002
Published: December 2020

Based upon the quantization of a mesoscopic lossless transmission line, analysis is made for the quantum fluctuations of the current and current gradient of the line in the vacuum state and squeezed vacuum state, especialy for the difference between the quantum fluctuations of the transmission line and LC circuit.
Photoacoustic determination of the energy band characterics for porous silicon carbides
Authors: Li Yi-De  , Du Ying-Lei  , Lee Ki-Huan  , Wu Bai-Mei  ,   (1)国立公州大学化学系，韩国，公州; (2)中国科学技术大学天文与应用物理系，合肥  230026; (3)中国科学技术大学物理系，合肥  230026
Published: December 2020

The photoacoustic spectra from ptype αporous silicon carbides prepared under UV photoassisted process and under darkcurrent condition have been measured，the original silicon carbides were also measured. Combined with RosencwaigGersho theory, the photoaconstic spectra are turned into the absorption spectra. It is found that the energy band gaps of the porous silicon carbide were lower than that of the original silicon carbide, and the causes were analyzed in detail. The absorptions near the absorption edge were studied as well.
Investigation of Yb3+-doped superfluorescent fibre sources around 105 3nm
Authors: Qiao Qi-Quan  , Chen Bai  , Fan Wei  , Chen Jia-Lin  , Li Xue-Chun  , Lin Zun-Qi  ,   高功率激光物理国家实验室，中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所，上海  201800
Published: December 2020

Based on theory analysis, we have demonstrated experimentally how to use cascaded wideband fibre Bragg grattings (FBGs) as reflectors in the superfluorescent fi bre sources (SFS) configuration. In the experiment, we investigated the output c haracteristcs of the set-up with cascaded wideband FBGs, and compared it with th ose of the set-up with fibre ring reflector or without any reflector. From what we have achieved in the experiment, we find that the cascaded wideband FBGs is p romising to be used as reflectors in SFS.
Multisoliton-like solutions for (2+1)-dimensional dispersive long wave equations and (2+1)-dimensional Broer-Kaup equations
Authors: Naranmandula  , Wang Ke-Xie  ,   (1)吉林大学物理科学学院，长春  130023; (2)吉林大学物理科学学院，长春  130023;内蒙古民族大学物理与机电学院，通辽  028043
Published: December 2020

By extending homogeneous balance method and improving some of its procedures, we have obtained new multi-soliton-like solutions for (2+1)-dimensional dispersive long-wave equations and (2+1)-dimensional Broer-Kaup equations- The solution we obtained presents generality, because it contain some multisoliton-like solutio ns which are given in other papers-
Particle simulation method for the electron temperature gradient instability in toroidal plasmas
Authors: Jian Guang-De  , Dong Jia-Qi  ,   核工业西南物理研究院，成都  610041
Published: December 2020

The gyrokinetic equations for the electrostatic electron-temperature gradient mo des in toroidal plasmas are solved with particle simulation method. An axisymmet ric geometry with circular flux surfaces is employed. The full kinetics, includi ng finite Larmor radius effects, transit k∥v∥, and toro idal (curvature and magnetic gradient) drift motion, is retained. The basic method of the parti cle simulation is described briefly. The fourth-order adaptive stepsize scheme i s adopted, that saves computer time and is simple. The basic characteristics of the modes are discussed. The scaling of the critical gradient with respect to to roidicity and to the ratio of electron temperature over ion temperature is given . Comparison with experiments are made and the theoretical results are close to the experimental observations.
Resistivity and magnetic susceptibility of nanotubular polyaniline doped with protonic acids
Authors: Long Yun-Ze  , Chen Zhao-Jia  , Zhang Zhi-Ming  , Wan Mei-Xiang  , Zheng Ping  , Wang Nan-Lin  , He Chao-Hui  , Geng Bin  , Yang Hai-Liang  , Chen Xiao-Hua  , Wang Yan-Ping  , Li Guo-Zheng  ,   (1)西北核技术研究所，西安69信箱13分箱  710024; (2)中国科学院化学研究所分子科学中心，有机固体实验室，北京  100080; (3)中国科学院物理研究所极端条件物理实验室，北京  100080
Published: December 2020

Nanotubular polyaniline (PANI) doped with protonic acids have been synthesized by a “template-free”method. The temperature dependence of resistivity (ρ) and magnetic susceptibility has been studied. The influences of different protonic acids (counterions), doping concentration and the synthesizing concentration of dopant on resistivity also have been investigated. It is obvious from experimental results that ln ρ is linear against T-1/2. With increasing acidity of protonic acids ,doping concentration and the synthesizing concentration of dopant, the resistivity of the samples decreases, and the magnetic susceptibility can be written as a sum of a temperature-independent Pauli spin susceptibility term and a Curie-law term.
Localization of current dipoles in a realistic head shape model by a magnetoence phalogram-multiple signal classification algorithm
Authors: Zhu Hong-Yi  , Li Jun  , Shen Jian-Qi  , He Sai-Ling  ,   浙江大学现代光学仪器国家重点实验室，光及电磁波研究中心，杭州  310027
Published: December 2020

It has been proved that the magnetoencephalogram-multiple signal classification algorithm has many advantages over the general global optimization methods in localizing current dipoles in a spherically symmetrical conductor head model. Making use of this method, we can tell the total number of current dipoles conveniently and localize those dipoles one by one in a shorter time, simply by calculating generalized eigenvalues of a two- or three-dimensional matrix. In this paper, this method is used to localize the current dipoles in a realistic head shap e model. Numerical simulation demonstrates that this algorithm is effective and has great advantages in the localization of multiple dipoles.
Predicting NMOS device radiation response at different dose rates in γ-ray environment
Authors: He Bao-Ping  , Wang Gui-Zhen  , Zhou Hui  , Gong Jian-Cheng  , Luo Yin-Hong  , Jiang Jing-He  ,   西北核技术研究所，西安市69信箱六室  710613
Published: December 2020

Linear response theory was used to predict threshold-voltage shifts for CC4007-NMOS device at dose rates of 0.1, 2.3, 44 and 91rad(Si)/s. These predictions were compared with the threshold-voltage shifts obtained after 60Co irradiations actually performed at these dose rates, and the agreement is excellent. Also, we use the linear response theory to predict the response of CC4007-NMOS device during radiation and 25℃ annealling for high and low-dose-rates. According to the predictions, under the same conditions of radiation and annealling, the threshold-voltage shifts caused by high dose-rate irradiation after room temperature annealling were equal to that by low-dose-rate irradiation within the limit of error, but the total times for both were the same. Finally, the failure doses for CC4007-NMOS device at different dose rates of irradiation were predicted also using the linear response theory.
The initial angle solution for the ultra-short laser pulse induced transient twist reorientation in a plane-aligned nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Hu Xi-Duo  , Xiang Ying  , Lin Zi-Yang  , Li Tao  , Zhang Jie-Li  , Wei Bing-Ping  ,   (1)东莞理工学院，东莞  523000; (2)刚达电子厂，深圳  519000; (3)中山大学化学系，广州  510275; (4)中山大学物理系，广州  510275
Published: December 2020

The optical phase retardation method was employed to observe the transient twist reorientation effect of a plane-aligned nematic liquid crystal induced by ultra-short laser pulses. The experimental result indicated that, although the electric field intensity of laser pulses is much higher than that needed for twist deformation, it does not ensure the twist reorientation under the laser pulse. This is because the width of laser pulse is very short and the response time for the twist reorientation is very long. To overcome this barrier an optimum angle (45°)between the polarization of the laser pulse and the director orientation in substrates is found by analysis.Using this initial angle, we observed a plane-aligned nematic liquid crystal cell doped with a few o-(D-Thr)N-C2-(TPP) to possess memory effect after the laser pulse pump, which was important in optical data storage and memory display.
Broadband two-photon absorption and optical power limiting properties of a novel organic compound
Authors: He Guo-Hua  , Zhang Jun-Xiang  , Ye Li-Hua  , Cui Yi-Ping  , Li Zhen-Hua  , Lai Jian-Cheng  , He An-Zhi  ,   (1)东南大学电子工程系，南京  210096; (2)南京理工大学应用物理系，南京  210094
Published: December 2020

The two-photon absorption (TPA) property and optical power limiting behaviour of a novel double-conjugated segment organic molecule have been investigated, and its TPA spectrum and optical power limiting curve have been experimentally obtai ned. Strong TPA and broadband optical power limiting properties from 700 nm to 1 100 nm in the near infrared region have been demonstrated in the tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution with 1×10-2mol/L concentration. It has three peaks o f TPA cross section at 730,850 and 980 nm. The maximum TPA cross section is σ′ 2＝25.9×10-47cm4·s·photon-1 at 850nm, which is about 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than usual organic molecules.
Optimization of pyroelectric properties in ultrathin organized molecular films
Authors: Ma Shi-Hong  , Yan Mei  , Li Shu-Hong  , Lu Xing-Ze  , Wang Gen-Shui  , Zhu Jun-Hao  , Wang Wen-Cheng  ,   (1)红外物理国家重点实验室，中国科学院上海技术物理研究所，上海  200083; (2)先进光子学材料与器件国家重点实验室,复旦大学光科学与工程系,上海  200433; (3)先进光子学材料与器件国家重点实验室,复旦大学物理学系,上海  200433
Published: December 2020

Pyroelectric properties in alternating DAEP/NC Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films and effects of incorporating the barium cations on pyroelectric behaviours have been investigated.The pyroelectric coefficient measured is found to be 58μCm-2K-1 at 300K.The dielectric properties have been measured and used to determine the figures of merit in thermal devices. Relative permittivity εr and dielectric loss values tanδ of pyroelectric films (in the range of 1kHz—100kHz) are 2.34—1.96 and 0.08—0.04, respectively. The effects of different deposition and incorporated metal ions on pyroelectric properties are also discussed in this paper. It is indicated that the alternating LB films is promising in the field of pyroelectricity and pyroelectric infrared detector.
Dynamic behaviours of an exciton confined in coupled quantum dots driven by an a lternating current electrical field
Authors: Liu Cheng-Shi  , Ma Ben-Kun  , Wang Li-Min  ,   北京师范大学物理系,北京  100875
Published: December 2020

With a two-site Hubbard model and Floquet theorem, we investigate the dynamic behaviour of an exciton confined in a coupled double-quantum-dot system driven by an alternating current(AC) electrical field. The calculation shows that the quasi-energy levels versus the amplitude of the external field undergo a series o f exact-crossing and avoid-crossing. Generally, the initially localized state can remain forever at the first exact-crossing point of two ground quasi-energy levels. Increasing the interaction of the electron and hole, the degree of dynamical localization is enhanced. At the second exact-crossing point of ground quasi-energy levels, this kind of dynamical localization is decayed. At the point of avoid-crossing and offset from the exact-crossing, the dynamical localiz ation ceases to maintain. This demonstrates the possibility to control the excit on states on extremely short time scales using the appropriate AC field with the adjustable amplitude and frequency, which may be useful for quantum information processing.
The quantum fluctuation of parallel mesoscopic RLC circuit
Authors: Long Chao-Yun  ,   贵州大学物理系,贵阳  550025
Published: December 2020

In this paper,the quantization of parallel mesoscopic RLC circuit is given and the quantum wavefunction and the corresponding energy levels are obtained by using unitary transformation. The quantum fluctuation of the voltage and current are calculated.