bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disruptions to agricultural activities, income loss and food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from farm households in a developing country
Authors: Thanh Pham Tien , The Duy Duong , Bao Duong Pham
Published: April 2022

Purpose

In the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, Vietnam imposed many drastic restrictions to curb the outbreak of this virus. Such restrictions interrupted the normal functioning of various economic sectors, including agriculture. This research examined disruptions to agricultural activities, income loss and perceived food insecurity among farm households during the pandemic, and then explored the relationships among these economic factors.

Design/methodology/approach

Household data from Vietnam and Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM) were used for empirical analysis.

Findings

Descriptive analyses found that only a small proportion of farm households suffered from the COVID-19 disruptions to their agricultural activities, a large percentage experienced income loss, and a medium number were worried about their food insecurity. GSEM results also revealed that the COVID-19 disruptions to agricultural activities significantly increased the likelihood of worrying about food insecurity, mediated by income loss.

Research limitations/implications

Due to data limitations, the authors could not use better indicators to define and measure the variables of interest (e.g. COVID-19 disruptions to agricultural activities, income loss and food insecurity). Another similar concern was that our models did not account for unobservables, causing some estimation biases.

Originality/value

This research is among the first attempts that examined the direct and indirect (mediated by income loss) effects of the COVID-19 disruptions to agricultural activities on food insecurity.
Boost your email marketing campaign! Emojis as visual stimuli to influence customer engagement
Authors: Valenzuela-Gálvez E. Sophía , Garrido-Morgado Álvaro , González-Benito Óscar
Published: April 2022

Purpose

In an effort to evaluate if and how emojis might boost customer engagement in email marketing, the current research aims to analyzes emojis' effects and investigates how certain features, such as the type of emoji or the way of emojis' presentation (repetition and position), moderate their effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

This research comprises four experimental studies. The first two analyze whether the presence and the type of emoji (facial vs non-facial) influence customer engagement. Then, two more studies analyze the influence of the presence and type of emoji, as well as repetitions (repetition vs no repetitions) and positions (left vs right). The data collection is through email marketing campaigns, with two types of brands. The analysis is a fractional factorial design in one- and two-way interactions to identify the influence of presentation features.

Findings

Emojis influence customer engagement and can trigger interactive behaviors and increase customer engagement, even in a channel that generally is less prone to interaction. The emojis increase the probability of opening the email, the number of times email gets opened and clicks to access additional content.

Research limitations/implications

The varied results suggest the need for more research to confirm the findings regarding presentation features. This research offers novel implications for interactive marketing and the theory of visual rhetoric because the research establishes how visual stimuli such as emojis can persuade and capture customer attention and increase customer engagement.

Practical implications

Practitioners can optimize email marketing by using emojis strategically to attract audience interest, provoke interactions, build relationships and generate word of mouth, leading to better consumer experiences, loyalty and brand profitability.

Originality/value

Most studies use semantic analysis to analyze emojis; the current study instead tests whether emojis can increase customer engagement in a less-interactive channel and then also considers the moderating role of several emoji-relevant variables. In addition, the authors apply the theory of visual rhetoric to explicate the original findings, which are gathered from a unique data set involving real marketing campaigns.
The role of social marketing theory in assessing insecticide-treated net usage intentions among pregnant women in Ghana
Authors: Tweneboah-Koduah Ernest Yaw , Abdulai Shaman , Coffie Isaac Sewornu , Mahmoud Mahmoud Abdulai
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Despite the efforts to improve the usage of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) among pregnant women in endemic malaria countries like Ghana, its usage still remains low. Therefore, this study aims to assess the intention to use ITNs and actual usage behaviour among pregnant women in Ghana using the integrated model of behaviour prediction (IMBP) and explore factors preventing its usage.

Design/methodology/approach

A structured questionnaire was administered to 310 respondents using a convenience sampling technique, and the data were analysed using multiple regression. Exploratory data collected through an interview guide was analysed using Kvale and Brinkman’s (2015) five-step approach.

Findings

The findings indicate a significantly positive association between intention to use ITN and actual usage of ITN among pregnant women in Ghana. Attitude and normative beliefs were the most significant predictors of intention to use ITNs among pregnant women. The result further shows that despite the generally positive perception of the effectiveness of the ITN in malaria prevention and positive intention to use it, its actual usage remains low because of discomfort (primarily associated with heat, irritation, heat rashes, suffocation and vomiting, size and design, reactions to ITN’s chemicals and misconceptions about ITNs causing cancer. In this study, the implications are discussed.

Originality/value

This study applied the IMBP to ITNs usage intention among pregnant women in a developing market context and found the model to predict ITN usage intention effectively.
Construction of evaluation model of ecotourism resources in featured small towns
Authors: Wangzhou Kaixin , Hao Chunbo , Wang Huamin
Published: April 2022

Purpose

With the development of small towns in China, the country pays more and more attention to the protection of landscape resources. It is an urgent problem that is how to protect landscape resources and ecological environment while developing economic industry in small towns. Establishing an ecotourism evaluation model can provide valuable reference for ecotourism planning, development protection and sustainable development of small towns.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to construct the ecotourism evaluation system that accords with the characteristics of small towns. A judgment matrix is constructed to determine specific indicators and factor values based on expert survey results. Based on the AHP theory and considering 4 aspects, construction conditions of featured small towns, ecological and environmental conditions, ecotourism resources endowment and development conditions and tourism capacity. In addition, 16 factor evaluations were selected, evaluation model of ecotourism resources were built and each evaluation index value was confirmed by adopting expert's advice.

Findings

Ecological environment, socioeconomic, uniqueness, esthetic ornamental value, small-scale industry scale, type and development level, type and scale, tourism talent level, therapeutic and leisure value were the indispensable components of evaluation of ecotourism resources in featured small towns.

Originality/value

The ideas of ecological environment development are rooted in the hearts of the people with the development of times. The model in this research is pertinent, typical and universal to some extent. Thus it is worth popularizing and applying.
Neutrosophic management evaluation of insurance companies by a hybrid TODIM-BSC method: a case study in private insurance companies
Authors: Zhang Ke , Xie Yujuan , Noorkhah Seyed Ali , Imeni Mohsen , Das Sapan Kumar
Published: April 2022

Purpose

In this paper, a combined TODIM-BSC method with the neutrosophical approach for evaluating the performance of a private insurance company has been proposed. In other words, first, using the BSC technique, and identify the performance evaluation indicators, then evaluate the performance of the insurance company's agencies and rank them with the TODIM decision-making method.

Design/methodology/approach

The insurance industry has a special prestige and importance in domestic and foreign trade. The evaluation of insurance companies, in addition to informing the stakeholders, increases competition, industry dynamism, sustainable and balanced development of society. The purpose of this paper is to establish a model for evaluating the performance of private insurance companies by adopting multiple-attribute decision-making and Balanced Scorecard (BSC) with single-values neutrosophic numbers (SVNNs) which will be applied by considering a set of indicators and alternatives deliberated with different viewpoints.

Findings

A case study of the private insurance agencies in one of the provinces of Iran based on 26 criteria of agencies is used to confirm the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed model. Finally, there was a discussion about why the results are logical, which shows the strength and robustness of the proposed framework.

Originality/value

To the best of our knowledge, no study has been performed to evaluate the performance of a real-world problem with the integrated TODIM-BSC method in a neutrophilic environment. Therefore, this paper can be effective in bridging the existing research gap and expanding our knowledge of the discussion of evaluating the performance of organizations or companies. Besides, by using these results, the authors can help the planners of these companies as well as similar organizations in attracting satisfaction and retaining target customers.
Bioactive compounds and its optimization from food waste: review on novel extraction techniques
Authors: Dhua Subhamoy , Kumar Kshitiz , Sharanagat Vijay Singh , Nema Prabhat K.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The amount of food wasted every year is 1.3 billion metric tonne (MT), out of which 0.5 billion MT is contributed by the fruits processing industries. The waste includes by-products such as peels, pomace and seeds and is a good source of bioactive compounds like phenolic compounds, flavonoids, pectin lipids and dietary fibres. Hence, the purpose of the present study is to review the novel extraction techniques used for the extraction of the bio active compounds from food waste for the selection of suitable extraction method.

Design/methodology/approach

Novel extraction techniques such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pulsed electric field extraction and pressurized liquid extraction have emerged to overcome the drawbacks and constraints of conventional extraction techniques. Hence, this study is focussed on novel extraction techniques, their limitations and optimization for the extraction of bioactive compounds from fruit and vegetable waste.

Findings

This study presents a comprehensive review on the novel extraction processes that have been adopted for the extraction of bioactive compounds from food waste. This paper also summarizes bioactive compounds' optimum extraction condition from various food waste using novel extraction techniques.

Research limitations/implications

Food waste is rich in bioactive compounds, and its efficient extraction may add value to the food processing industries. Hence, compressive analysis is needed to overcome the problem associated with the extraction and selection of suitable extraction techniques.

Social implications

Selection of a suitable extraction method will not only add value to food waste but also reduce waste dumping and the cost of bioactive compounds.

Originality/value

This paper presents the research progress on the extraction of bioactive active compounds from food waste using novel extraction techniques.
Research on microstructure and mechanical properties of hybrid plasma arc and micro-rolling additive manufacturing of Inconel 718 superalloy
Authors: Chen Qingyong , Wang Guilan , Zhang Haiou , Li Runsheng
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of different rolling deformation parameters on the morphology, microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 superalloy in hybrid plasma arc and micro-rolling (HPAMR) additive manufacturing.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, different deformation strains are designed, which are as-deposited, 15% and 30%. Two straight walls are fabricated by HPAMR for each kind of deformation. One wall underwent post-deposition heat treatment, and the other wall is treated without heat treatment. These samples are further investigated to evaluate the effects of deformation on the morphology, microstructure and mechanical properties.

Findings

As compared to as-deposited samples, the morphology can be significantly improved, the generation of defects and microporosity inside the alloy can be suppressed, and finer equiaxed crystals can be obtained with deformation of 30%. With heat treatment and 30% deformation, the Laves phase at the grain boundary is completely disappearing, more γ” and γ' strengthening phase is precipitated in the crystal and the size of the strengthening phase is smaller. Mechanical properties have been significantly improved.

Practical implications

HPAMR technology is used to successfully manufacture Inconel 718 superalloy aero-engine casing.

Originality/value

Compared with plasma arc additive manufacturing, HPAMR technology adds a rolling process, which can effectively improve the morphology of walls, refine internal grains, eliminate defects and microporosity, increase precipitation of strengthening phase and improve mechanical properties. It provides an optional manufacturing method for the integrated manufacturing of Inconel 718 parts.
Internal corporate social responsibility and university brand legitimacy: an employee perspective in the higher education sector in Tanzania
Authors: Amani David
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) towards university brand legitimacy (UBRL) with the mediation effect of university brand perceived ethicality in the higher education sector in Tanzania.

Design/methodology/approach

The study collected data from 399 employees of two universities through a cross-sectional survey research design. The data were analyzed using structural equation modelling.

Findings

The findings of this study suggest that internal CSR influences UBRL when mediated with university brand perceived ethicality.

Research limitations/implications

A cross-sectional survey research involving self-administered questionnaire was used. Therefore, the generalization of the findings should be made with caution.

Practical implications

Higher education institutions should invest in ethical management practices that consider internal CSR to ensure employees as legitimacy-granting constituents motivated to grant legitimacy to the university brand.

Originality/value

This study is among initial endeavors to examine internal CSR as a driver of UBRL in the higher education domain context.
The effect of maternal obesity on labour
Authors: Booker Whitney A.
Published: April 2022

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on Tilde Broch Østborg et al., pp. 2166–2174 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471‐0528.17186
Episodic alcohol exposure attenuates mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic differentiation during bone fracture callus formation
Authors: Eby Jonathan M. , Sharieh Farah , Azevedo Jessica , Callaci John J.
Published: April 2022

Background

During bone fracture repair, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) differentiate into chondrocytes and osteoblasts to form a fracture callus. Our laboratory previously reported that alcohol‐exposed rodents with a surgically created tibia fracture display deficient fracture callus formation and diminished signs of endochondral ossification characterized by the absence of chondrocytes and mature hypertrophic chondrocytes, suggesting that alcohol may inhibit MSC differentiation. These findings led to our hypothesis that alcohol exposure inhibits mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic differentiation within the developing fracture callus.

Methods

In the present study, we utilized a lineage‐tracing approach to determine which stage(s) of chondrogenic differentiation are affected by alcohol exposure. We utilized lineage‐specific reporter mice to determine the effects of alcohol on MSC and early and late chondrogenic cell frequencies within the fracture callus. In addition, serially sectioned slides were stained immunofluorescently and immunohistochemically and quantified to determine the effect of alcohol on cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively, within the fracture callus of alcohol‐administered rodents.

Results

Alcohol‐administered rodents had a reduced fracture callus area at 4, 6, and 9 days postfracture. Alcohol had no effect on apoptosis in the fracture callus at any of the examined timepoints. Alcohol‐administered rodents had significantly fewer proliferative cells in the fracture callus at 9 days postfracture, but no effect on cell proliferation was observed at earlier fracture callus timepoints. Alcohol‐administered rodents had reduced Collagen2a1‐ and Collagen10a1‐expressing cells in the developing fracture callus, suggesting that alcohol inhibits both early chondrogenic differentiation and later chondrocyte maturation during fracture callus development.

Conclusion

The data suggest that alcohol could affect normal fracture healing through the mitigation of MSC chondrogenic differentiation at the callus site.
Node negative duodenal adenocarcinoma is associated with long‐term patient survival following pancreaticoduodenal resection
Authors: Patel Pranav Harshad , Likos‐Corbett Marinna , Doyle Joseph , Kumar Sacheen , Bhogal Ricky Harminder
Published: April 2022

Background

Duodenal adenocarcinoma (DA) is a rare gastrointestinal malignancy. There is limited data reporting patient outcomes following radical pancreatic resection for DA. We assessed the disease‐free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for DA in our institution.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed all patients undergoing pancreatic resection of DA at our institution between January 2009 and March 2020 inclusive.

Results

Ninteen patients underwent pancreatic resection at our institution for DA during the study period. The overall postoperative morbidity and mortality was 37% and 5%, respectively. Nine patients (47%) had no nodal involvement. Median follow up was 25 months (range 1–108 months). Median DFS for our whole cohort was 17 months but was significantly higher in patients with no nodal metastasis [p < 0.001]. Median OS was 9.5 months for the whole cohort but was significantly higher in the patients with no nodal metastasis (60 months) compared to those with nodal metastasis (17.5 months) [p < 0.003].

Conclusion

Improved DFS and OS for patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for DAs is associated with lymph node negative disease.
A comparison of extracorporeal side to side or end to side anastomosis following a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for colon cancer
Authors: Baqar Ali Riaz , Wilkins Simon , Wang Wei Chun , Oliva Karen , Centauri Suellyn , Yap Raymond , McMurrick Paul
Published: April 2022

Background

This study aimed to investigate whether an extracorporeal side‐to‐side (SS) or end‐to‐side (ES) stapled anastomosis impacts short‐term and long‐term outcomes after an oncological laparoscopic right hemicolectomy.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data from two Victorian tertiary referral hospitals was performed. Patients who underwent oncological resection for colorectal cancer between February 2010 and September 2020 were selected from the colorectal neoplasia database. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the type of stapled anastomosis: Group 1 (functional end‐to‐end/side‐to‐side (SS)); and Group 2 (end‐to‐side (ES)). Primary outcomes were anastomotic leak, postoperative ileus, mortality and morbidity, length of stay post‐surgery, readmission to hospital, and 30‐day mortality.

Results

This large case series of 1040 patients (SS = 625, ES = 415) demonstrated that the type of stapling technique impacted operative duration and postoperative ileus rates. Patients in the SS group had a faster operation of 108 min rather than 130 min in the ES group (p < 0.001). The SS group were more likely to experience a post‐operative ileus (p < 0.001) with no impact on length of stay (SS, 7 days versus ES, 7 days; p = 0.14). There were no differences between the two groups with respect to lymph node yield, lymph node ratio, anastomotic leaks, return to theatre, 30‐day mortality and 5‐year overall survival.

Discussion

The type of extracorporeal stapled anastomosis following an oncological laparoscopic right hemicolectomy has minimal impact on morbidity and survival outcomes; however, a side‐to‐side stapled anastomosis is more likely to be a faster operation with a higher postoperative ileus rate.
The coincidence of Guillain‐Barré syndrome and myasthenia gravis
Authors: Alluqmani Majed
Published: April 2022

Background

The occurrence of both Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) and myasthenia gravis (MG) in the same individual is rare. The underlying pathophysiology of this case was assumed to be an autoimmune humoral mechanism. Molecular mimicry, in which a cross‐reaction occurs between autoantibodies and the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves and acetylcholine receptors of the neuromuscular junction, cannot be excluded as an underlying cause.

Case presentation

An 18‐year‐old female presented with symptoms of generalized weakness and distal weakness in both upper and lower extremities, more pronounced on the right side, and with associated right foot drop and bilateral ptosis. An electrophysiological study was performed and the acetylcholine receptor antibody titer determined. The patient was diagnosed with GBS and MG.

Conclusions

GBS and MG are two different neurological entities with different pathophysiologies. New‐onset or persistence of symptoms in a patient with GBS treated with intravenous immunoglobulins or plasmapheresis should prompt a probe for another autoimmune neurological illness, particularly autoimmune neuromuscular disorders such as MG.
Atractylenolide III ameliorates spinal cord injury in rats by modulating microglial/macrophage polarization
Authors: Xue Meng‐Tong , Sheng Wen‐Jie , Song Xue , Shi Yu‐Jiao , Geng Zhi‐Jun , Shen Lin , Wang Rui , Lü He‐Zuo , Hu Jian‐Guo
Published: April 2022

Background

Inflammatory reactions induced by spinal cord injury (SCI) are essential for recovery after SCI. Atractylenolide III (ATL‐III) is a natural monomeric herbal bioactive compound that is mainly derived in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz and has anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.

Objective

Here, we speculated that ATL‐III may ameliorate SCI by modulating microglial/macrophage polarization. In the present research, we focused on investigating the role of ATL‐III on SCI in rats and explored the potential mechanism.

Methods

The protective and anti‐inflammatory effects of ATL‐III on neuronal cells were examined in a rat SCI model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated BV2 microglial line. The spinal cord lesion area, myelin integrity, and surviving neurons were assessed by specific staining. Locomotor function was evaluated by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale, grid walk test, and footprint test. The activation and polarization of microglia/macrophages were assessed by immunohistofluorescence and flow cytometry. The expression of corresponding inflammatory factors from M1/M2 and the activation of relevant signaling pathways were assessed by Western blotting.

Results

ATL‐III effectively improved histological and functional recovery in SCI rats. Furthermore, ATL‐III promoted the transformation of M1 into M2 and attenuated the activation of microglia/macrophages, further suppressing the expression of corresponding inflammatory mediators. This effect may be partly mediated by inhibition of neuroinflammation through the NF‐κB, JNK MAPK, p38 MAPK, and Akt pathways.

Conclusion

This study reveals a novel effect of ATL‐III in the regulation of microglial/macrophage polarization and provides initial evidence that ATL‐III has potential therapeutic benefits in SCI rats.
Efficacy and safety of cotadutide, a dual glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and glucagon receptor agonist, in a randomized phase 2a study of patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Parker Victoria E. R. , Hoang Thuong , Schlichthaar Heike , Gibb Fraser W. , Wenzel Barbara , Posch Maximillian G. , Rose Ludger , Chang Yi‐Ting , Petrone Marcella , Hansen Lars , Ambery Philip , Jermutus Lutz , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. , McCrimmon Rory J.
Published: April 2022

Aim

To assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of cotadutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease.

Materials and Methods

In this phase 2a study (NCT03550378), patients with body mass index 25‐45 kg/m2, estimated glomerular filtration rate 30‐59 ml/min/1.73 m2 and type 2 diabetes [glycated haemoglobin 6.5‐10.5% (48‐91 mmol/mol)] controlled with insulin and/or oral therapy combination, were randomized 1:1 to once‐daily subcutaneous cotadutide (50‐300 μg) or placebo for 32 days. The primary endpoint was plasma glucose concentration assessed using a mixed‐meal tolerance test.

Results

Participants receiving cotadutide (n = 21) had significant reductions in the mixed‐meal tolerance test area under the glucose concentration‐time curve (–26.71% vs. +3.68%, p < .001), more time in target glucose range on continuous glucose monitoring (+14.79% vs. –21.23%, p = .001) and significant reductions in absolute bodyweight (–3.41 kg vs. –0.13 kg, p < .001) versus placebo (n = 20). In patients with baseline micro‐ or macroalbuminuria (n = 18), urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratios decreased by 51% at day 32 with cotadutide versus placebo (p = .0504). No statistically significant difference was observed in mean change in estimated glomerular filtration rate between treatments. Mild/moderate adverse events occurred in 71.4% of participants receiving cotadutide and 35.0% receiving placebo.

Conclusions

We established the efficacy of cotadutide in this patient population, with significantly improved postprandial glucose control and reduced bodyweight versus placebo. Reductions in urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratios suggest potential benefits of cotadutide on kidney function, supporting further evaluation in larger, longer‐term clinical trials.
Rapid‐acting insulin analogues: Theory and best clinical practice in type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Authors: De Block Christophe E. M. , Van Cauwenberghe Jolijn , Bochanen Niels , Dirinck Eveline
Published: April 2022

Since the discovery of insulin 100 years ago, insulin preparations have improved significantly. Starting from purified animal insulins, evolving to human insulins produced by genetically modified organisms, and ultimately to insulin analogues, all in an attempt to mimic physiological insulin action profiles seen in individuals without diabetes. Achieving strict glucose control without hypoglycaemia and preventing chronic complications of diabetes while preserving quality of life remains a challenging goal, but the advent of newer ultra‐rapid‐acting insulin analogues may enable intensive insulin therapy without being too disruptive to daily life. Ultra‐rapid‐acting insulin analogues can be administered shortly before meals and give better coverage of mealtime‐induced glucose excursions than conventional insulin preparations. They also increase convenience with timing of bolus dosing. In this review, we focus on the progress that has been made in rapid‐acting insulins. We summarize pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data, clinical trial data supporting the use of these new formulations as part of a basal‐bolus regimen and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, and provide a clinical perspective to help guide healthcare professionals when and for whom to use ultra‐fast‐acting insulins.
Important questions for the malignant hematologist to consider when designing or evaluating a study with patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs)
Authors: Balitsky Amaris K. , D'Souza Anita , Levine Mark N.
Published: April 2022

Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs), which are measures of symptom burden, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), and therapy effectiveness have become increasingly important in clinical research. They are unique in that they are reported directly from the patient, without clinician interpretation, thereby avoiding clinician bias. With an increased focus on the patient at the center of health care, PROMs have been increasingly incorporated into clinical research, systematic reviews, and clinical guidelines. Despite the recognition of the importance of including PROMs into clinical haematologic cancer research, barriers have prevented their integration into cancer research. This review highlights the value of including PROMs into clinical haematologic cancer research and addresses the methodological challenges in using and evaluating PROMs. We propose important questions for the malignant haematologist to consider when designing or evaluating a study that includes PROMs.
Genome‐scale phylogeography resolves the native population structure of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)
Authors: Cui Mingming , Wu Yunke , Javal Marion , Giguère Isabelle , Roux Géraldine , Andres Jose A. , Keena Melody , Shi Juan , Wang Baode , Braswell Evan , Pfister Scott E. , Hamelin Richard , Roe Amanda , Porth Ilga
Published: April 2022

Human‐assisted movement has allowed the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)) to spread beyond its native range and become a globally regulated invasive pest. Within its native range of China and the Korean peninsula, human‐mediated dispersal has also caused cryptic translocation of insects, resulting in population structure complexity. Previous studies used genetic methods to detangle this complexity but were unable to clearly delimit native populations which is needed to develop downstream biosurveillance tools. We used genome‐wide markers to define historical population structure in native ALB populations and contemporary movement between regions. We used genotyping‐by‐sequencing to generate 6102 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and amplicon sequencing to genotype 53 microsatellites. In total, we genotyped 712 individuals from ALB’s native distribution. We observed six distinct population clusters among native ALB populations, with a clear delineation between northern and southern groups. Most of the individuals from South Korea were distinct from populations in China. Our results also indicate historical divergence among populations and suggest limited large‐scale admixture, but we did identify a restricted number of cases of contemporary movement between regions. We identified SNPs under selection and describe a clinal allele frequency pattern in a missense variant associated with glycerol kinase, an important enzyme in the utilization of an insect cryoprotectant. We further demonstrate that small numbers of SNPs can assign individuals to geographic regions with high probability, paving the way for novel ALB biosurveillance tools.
Intraindividual variability of CD30 expression in mycosis fungoides –implications for diagnostic evaluation and therapy
Authors: Mitteldorf Christina , Kampa Franziska , Ströbel Philipp , Schön Michael P. , Kempf Werner
Published: April 2022

Aims

To evaluate the frequency, subcellular localization, and variability of CD30 expression in mycosis fungoides.

Methods

This retrospective multicenter study investigated 135 biopsy specimens of 95 patients with mycosis fungoides for CD30 expression and CD30 staining pattern in relation to histomorphologic criteria, eosinophils, and tumour stage. We used two different CD30 cutoffs: (i) any CD30 positivity (important for in‐label treatment with an anti‐CD30 antibody‐based drug), and (ii) ≥10% (most commonly used cutoff in therapy studies). The histologic slides were digitally evaluated with a slide viewer. None of the patients were treated with an anti‐CD30 antibody‐based drug.

Results

We found any CD30 expression in 90% of the samples (tumour cells and tumour microenvironment). More than 60% of the samples had CD30 expression ≥10%. CD30 staining was predominantly cytoplasmic and membranous, a Golgi pattern was only found in three samples. In patients with multiple biopsies (69 samples), a highly variable CD30 expression was found, especially in biopsies taken at different timepoints. CD30 and eosinophils were more common in advanced disease stage and cytoplasmic CD30 staining in intraepidermal lymphocytes was significantly associated with the presence of eosinophils.

Conclusions

90% of mycosis fungoides biopsies showed CD30 expression and are principally eligible for anti‐CD30‐antibody treatment. Because of the high intraindividual variability, investigation of multiple tissue samples for CD30 expression improves the assessment of this therapeutic target. Analysis of only a single skin biopsy might lead to misinterpretation of CD30 and bears the risk of inadequate and potentially unfavourable therapeutic decisions.
Cuticular protein genes involve heat acclimation of insect larvae under global warming
Authors: Guo Pan‐Long , Guo Zi‐Qian , Liu Xiang‐Dong
Published: April 2022

Cuticular proteins (CPs) play important roles in insect growth and development. However, it is unknown whether CPs are related to heat tolerance. Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, a serious pest of rice, occurs in summer and exhibits strong adaptability to high temperature, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, the role of CP genes in heat acclimation was studied. Heat tolerance of the heat‐acclimated larvae was significantly stronger than the unacclimated larvae. The cuticular protein content in the heat‐acclimated larvae was higher than that of the unacclimated larvae. 191 presumed CP genes of C. medinalis (CmCPs) were identified. Expression patterns of 14 CmCPs were different between the heat acclimated (S39) and unacclimated (S27) larvae under heat stress. CmCPs were specifically expressed in epidermis and the head except CmCPR20 mainly expressed in Malpighian tubules. CmCPR20 was upregulated in S39 while downregulated in S27, but CmTweedle1 and CmCPG1 were upregulated in S27 and downregulated in S39. RNAi CmTweedle1 or CmCPG1 remarkably decreased heat tolerance and cuticular protein content of the heat‐acclimated larvae but not the unacclimated larvae. RNAi CmCPR20 decreased heat tolerance and cuticular protein content of the unacclimated larvae but not the heat‐acclimated larvae. CmTweedle1 and CmCPG1 genes involve heat acclimation of C. medinalis.
Rethinking the Effective Sample Size
Authors: Elvira Víctor , Martino Luca , Robert Christian P.
Published: April 2022

The effective sample size (ESS) is widely used in sample‐based simulation methods for assessing the quality of a Monte Carlo approximation of a given distribution and of related integrals. In this paper, we revisit the approximation of the ESS in the specific context of importance sampling. The derivation of this approximation, that we will denote as
, is partially available in a 1992 foundational technical report of Augustine Kong. This approximation has been widely used in the last 25 years due to its simplicity as a practical rule of thumb in a wide variety of importance sampling methods. However, we show that the multiple assumptions and approximations in the derivation of
make it difficult to be considered even as a reasonable approximation of the ESS. We extend the discussion of the
in the multiple importance sampling setting, we display numerical examples and we discuss several avenues for developing alternative metrics. This paper does not cover the use of ESS for Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms.
Genome‐wide association studies for egg quality traits in White Leghorn layers using low‐pass sequencing and SNP chip data
Authors: Li Jinghui , Wang Zigui , Lubritz Danny , Arango Jesus , Fulton Janet , Settar Petek , Rowland Kaylee , Cheng Hao , Wolc Anna
Published: April 2022

Low‐pass sequencing data have been proposed as an alternative to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips in genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of several species. However, it has not been used in layer chickens yet. This study aims at comparing the GWAS results of White Leghorn chickens using low‐pass sequencing data (1×) and 54 k SNP chip data. Ten commercially relevant egg quality traits including albumen height, shell strength, shell colour, egg weight and yolk weight collected from up to 1,420 White Leghorn chickens were analysed. The results showed that the genomic heritability estimates based on low‐pass sequencing data were higher than those based on SNP chip data. Although two GWAS analyses showed similar overall landscape for most traits, low‐pass sequencing captured some significant SNPs that were not on the SNP chip. In GWAS analysis using 54 k SNP chip data, after including more individuals (up to 5,700), additional significant SNPs not detected by low‐pass sequencing data were found. In conclusion, GWAS using low‐pass sequencing data showed similar results to those with SNP chip data and may require much larger sample sizes to show measurable advantages.
Therapists' confidence in their theory of change and outcomes
Authors: Bartle‐Haring Suzanne , Bryant Alessandra , Whiting Riley
Published: April 2022

Previous research has sought to understand what therapist characteristics contribute to positive outcomes for clients. It is widely accepted knowledge that the alliance between the therapist and client is a significant contributing factor to client outcomes. With that said, few studies have examined specific characteristics within the therapist themselves that may contribute to client success, regardless of the therapeutic model being used. Using data from a sample of therapist‐trainees at a large, midwestern institution, this study sought to explore therapist confidence in their theory of choice and its potential impact on client outcomes. Findings suggest that those clients who have therapists with greater confidence in their theory are less likely to terminate treatment prematurely or without agreement. These findings have the potential to inform the curriculum for training programs to focus more on developing confidence in the chosen theory.
Investigation of the relationship between inflammatory blood parameters and seborrheic dermatitis
Authors: Tosun Mustafa , Yasak Güner Rukiye , Akyol Melih
Published: April 2022

Objective

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. The etiology of the disease is still unknown. The systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII), red cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), C‐reactive protein (CRP), monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have all been reported as inflammatory markers in recent studies. However, these inflammatory markers have not been explored in SD patients. This study aimed to explore inflammatory and hematological parameters in SD patients with healthy controls (HCs) and evaluate their possible relationship with disease severity.

Materials and Methods

One hundred patients who presented to our hospital were diagnosed with SD and 74 HCs were retrospectively included in our study. The seborrheic dermatitis area severity index (SDASI) score was used to assess the severity of the SD.

Results

The patient group's mean PLR, MPV ve CRP levels were statistically significantly higher than the HCs (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the patients compared with the control group regarding RDW, NLR, MHR, and SII levels (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between NLR, PLR, MPV, monocyte/HDL cholesterol, SII levels with age, and SDASI in the patient group. There was a significant correlation between CRP with age and RDW with SDASI score.

Conclusion

Hematological parameters and CRP are low‐cost tests. These tests can be used to define inflammation levels in inflammatory diseases. This study shows that PLR, CRP, and MPV may be used as novel inflammatory markers in SD.
Pseudo‐pseudo Meig's syndrome presenting as an acute surgical abdomen: A rare entity and review of the literature
Authors: Karadeniz Ozan , Bahat Pinar Yalcın , Koyan Karadeniz Gizem Nur , Yaman İlteris , Palalıoglu Rabia Merve
Published: April 2022

Aim

Pseudo‐pseudo Meigs' syndrome is a rare entity of systemic lupus erythematosus, which is defined with the combination of pleural effusion, elevated serum CA‐125 levels, and ascites. It has similar clinical aspects with gynecological malignancies which may lead gynecologists to perform unnecessary surgeries and lab workouts. This review seeks to point out the importance of diagnosing pseudo‐pseudo Meig's syndrome (PPMS) and endeavors to inform gynecologists about the differential diagnoses.

Methods

This article includes a review of the literature on different cases of PPMS. We searched the PubMed database using the search terms in various combinations “Pseudo‐pseudo Meig's syndrome,” “Tjalma syndrome,” and “SLE.”

Results

According to the current literature, a majority of internal medicine specialists recognized this clinical condition in the past few years and discussed PPMS as a new onset of systemic lupus erythematosus. PPMS is one of the disregarding entities where gynecologists do not consider it as a differential diagnosis in case of less awareness. When a gynecologist evaluates ascites manifesting as acute abdomen; ectopic pregnancy, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, cyst rupture, and malignancy come to mind first. Four‐thirds of those patients evaluated by gynecologists were performed hysterectomy leading to unnecessary interventions and economic burden on the health system.

Conclusion

Although the mechanism is unrevealed and remains unclear, PPMS has been noticed in the literature for the past few years. In order to prevent unnecessary interventions, this syndrome should be considered as a differential diagnosis.
An Esthetic Evaluation of Different Abutment Materials in the Anterior Maxilla: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Using a Crossover Design
Authors: Vazouras, Konstantinos , Gholami, Hadi , Margvelashvili‐Malament, Mariam , Kim, Yong Jeong , Finkelman, Matthew , Weber, Hans‐Peter
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To assess the effect of implant abutment material and soft tissue thickness on the peri‐implant soft tissue color using spectrophotometry and to evaluate gingival esthetics and patient satisfaction with three different abutments.

Materials and methods

Twenty‐five patients with a missing maxillary tooth in the esthetic area received an endosseous implant using a two‐stage protocol. Gray titanium, pink anodized titanium, and hybrid zirconia custom abutments were fabricated for each participant and inserted for one week with a cross‐over design in a randomized manner. Color measurements were made using a spectrophotometer comparing midfacial peri‐implant soft tissue and marginal gingiva of the contralateral tooth. CIE Lab color scale was used following the formula: ΔE = [(∆L)2 + (∆a)2 + (∆b)2]½. PES scores were recorded, and patient satisfaction questionnaires were completed at each abutment change visit and at 1‐year follow‐up. Statistical analysis was performed using Friedman's test and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test with Bonferroni correction as well as the Mann‐Whitney U test (α = 0.05).

Results

Abutment material type significantly affected the ΔΕ values of the peri‐implant mucosa when compared to the contralateral teeth. At baseline, the highest ΔΕ means ± standard deviation (SD) values were obtained with gray titanium (11.25 ± 2.98), followed by pink anodized titanium (9.90 ± 2.51), and zirconia abutments (6.46 ± 1.43). Differences were statistically significant irrespective of soft tissue thickness. The highest PES values were obtained with zirconia abutments (10.88 ± 0.88), followed by pink anodized titanium (10.12 ± 1.13) and the lowest with gray titanium (9.68 ± 1.41). PES differences were significant only for the thin soft tissue group. Regarding patient satisfaction, VAS scores for the pink anodized and zirconia hybrid abutment groups were higher than the gray titanium group for each question.

Conclusion

The color difference between soft tissues around teeth and implants was significant in all groups regardless of tissue thickness. The hybrid zirconia abutments resulted in the least color difference, followed by pink anodized and gray titanium. Significantly different PES values were recorded only for the thin tissue group. There was no significant difference in patient satisfaction between zirconia and pink anodized abutments at the 1‐year follow up. Pink anodized abutments represent a good esthetic alternative to zirconia hybrid abutments especially in mechanically challenging situations.
“They have more than enough to do than patch up people like me.” Experiences of seeking support for self‐harm in lockdown during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Sass Cara , Farley Kate , Brennan Cathy
Published: April 2022

Accessible Summary

What is known on the subject?

In the initial months of the pandemic, there was no significant increase in demand for mental health services

During the pandemic, there was an increase in people reporting an increase in suicidal thoughts.

Understanding of the experience of seeking help for self‐harm during lockdown is lacking, in terms of availability and accessibility of support services

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

People who self‐harm found that their support structures were significantly impacted by lockdown

Lockdown presented relational difficulties for people who self‐harm

What are the implications for practice?

Learning about the experience of receiving support from mental health liaison services during lockdown from a first‐hand perspective is essential to improving the provision of these services in the future.

In times of national crisis, services should be prepared to support clients via alternative means including telephone and online.

Public facing messages about service availability should be carefully expressed to minimize misunderstandings.

Introduction

National lockdown caused disruption to health services and third‐sector organizations offering support to people who self‐harm. Early reports suggested self‐harm‐related hospital attendances declined. Lack of knowledge related to the availability and accessibility of support provisions for people who self‐harm warrants exploration into how they experienced help‐seeking during lockdown.

Aims

This study aimed to explore the experiences of people who self‐harm and perspectives on help‐seeking.

Method

We conducted a qualitative study based on telephone and email interviews with 14 people who self‐harm in England.

Results

Participants identified challenges to coping with life in lockdown, emphasizing the role of self‐harm. Help‐seeking was impeded by feeling like a burden and potential for spreading the virus. People who self‐harm exercised self‐reliance in response to “stay home” messaging, but some may have struggled without formal support. Online support served an important role in continuity of care during lockdown but could widen inequalities from limited resources and access.

Implications for practice

Helping mental health liaison nurses to understand the experiences of people who self‐harm during lockdown is critical to providing continuing support to this population. Services should consider how and when they communicate changes to their provisions to the public, and the impact this will have on those in need of support.