bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND FLAVONE BIOACTIVITY OF PEANUT HULLS AS ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIPROLIFERATION TOWARD HELA CANCER CELLS
Authors: Alawiyah Aika Latifah , Achmadi Suminar Setiati , Syahbirin Gustini
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study aimed to determine the total phenolic content, correlation of it with antioxidant capacity, and peanut hulls as an antiproliferationon Henrietta Lacks (HeLa) cancer cells, which Indonesia has a serious problem in term of cervix cancer.Methods: Peanut hulls were extracted by Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound vibration, and reflux boiling to obtain the best extraction method. The totalphenolic content of the ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction was determined using Folin–Ciocalteu method. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to evaluated an antioxidant capacity of both samples. Identification of the isolated flavone was done by ultraviolet spectra and analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. Inhibition of proliferation of HeLa cancer cells was tested for the purified fraction using 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazole-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Results: The results of total phenolic content determination giving 262 (ethanol extract) and 532 (ethyl acetate fraction) mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract, respectively. DPPH assay resulted antioxidant capacity with value of inhibitory concentration 50% (IC) was 36.36 (ethanol extract) and 18.68 (ethyl acetate fraction) µg/mL, respectively. Identification of isolated flavone resulted an apigenin and indicated moderate potency in inhibiting the proliferation of HeLa cancer cells with IC 50 value of 34 µg/mL. 50Conclusions: There was a correlation between the total phenolics with antioxidant capacity of the peanut hulls. The isolated flavone is predominated by apigenin. This isolated compound is potential as antioxidant and inhibiting the proliferation of HeLa cancer cells moderately.Keywords: Peanut hulls, Total phenolic, Antioxidant capacity, Flavone, Apigenin, Henrietta Lacks cancer cells.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CINNAMON TEA IN REDUCING WEIGHT AMONG LATE OBESE ADOLESCENCE
Authors: Sethuraman Thenmozhi , P Mangala Gowri , T Mary Minolin , P Meena , S Vimala
Published: April 2017

Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of cinnamon tea in reducing weight among late obese adolescent.Methods: Pre experimental research design was adopted to conduct the study with 30 samples who met the inclusion criteria. Cinnamon tea was given for the samples for 15 days and  theirweight and BMI was measured before as well as after the intervention. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results:Out of 30 samples in pretest, 70% of them had overweight and 30% of them had class I obesity with the BMI mean value of 28.75 and2.72 standard deviation. In posttest 20% of them were normal weight, 66.67% of them were overweight and 13.33% of them were Class I obesity.The posttest BMI mean was 27.45 with 3.34 standard deviation. Paired t test revealed that Cinnamon tea was found to be effective in reducing weight at the level of *P<0.05.Conclusion:the findings of the present study revealed that the prescribed cinnamon tea resulted in an improvement reduction of weight. However, we need further studies with larger samples to investigate the effect of cinnamon in reducing the different factors like weight, BMI, hip waist circumference level in obese adolescents.Keywords: Obesity, Childhood obesity, Adolescent, Cinnamon, BMI, Weight, Cinnamon tea
CURCUMINOID AND TOXICITY LEVELS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF JAVANESE GINGER (Curcuma xanthorriza) ON BRINE SHRIMP (Artemia salina) LARVAE AND ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio) EMBRYOS
Authors: Syahbirin Gustini , Mumuh Nurfadilawati , Mohamad Kusdiantoro
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study was aimed at determining the levels of curcuminoids and analyzing the toxicity of ethanol extracts of Javanese ginger.Methods: Curcuminoid levels were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, while the toxicity tests were done on larva of brine shrimp (Artemia salina) by using a brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method and embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio) using a zebrafish embryo acute toxicity (ZFET) method.Results: The level curcuminoid of ethanol extracts was 10.5% dry wt., consisting of curcumin at the highest percentage (68.06%) followed bydesmethoxycurcumin (24.6%) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (1.41%). In BSLT method, the lethal concentration 50% values (LC) value of our ethanol extract was 238 ppm, whereas in ZFET method, the LC value at 96 hours after fertilization was 80 ppm. The ethanol extract of ginger caused major malformations of the pericardial edema of zebrafish embryos at a concentration of 100 ppm. 50Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Curcuma xanthorrhiza from Bogor contained curcuminoids consisting of curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, with acute toxicity, caused major malformations on the pericardial edema in zebrafish embryos.Keywords: Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Curcuminoid, Toxicity, Zebrafish embryo acute toxicity.50
PULSE WAVE VELOCITY AND ITS USEFULNESS IN ESTIMATION OF HYPERTENSION
Authors: Thiruvengadam Jayanthi , M Anburajan
Published: April 2017

Objective: “Arterial vessel wall stiffness” is an important determinant of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Prolonged hypertension causes deteriorationin the blood vessel elasticity. Hypertension can be prevented by early diagnosis. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the direct method for assessing thearterial stiffness. Though numerous studies have been performed, the definite limit is not declared to evaluate CVD based on the threshold of PWVfor South Indian population.Methods: In this study, we included a total of 246 healthy controls and 14 hypertensive patients. Mechanical variables of blood flow are measuredusing PC-based periScope Device (Genesis Medical Systems, India). The following variables are measured from the normal controls and hypertensivepatients: (i) Heart rate (bpm), (ii) systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg), (iii) diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (mmHg), (iv) brachial PWV(baPWV) (cm/s), (v) carotid-femoral PWV (C-F PWV) (cm/s), (vi) pulse pressure (mm Hg), (vii) arterial stiffness index (ASI) (mmHg), (viii) anklebrachialindex (ABI), (ix) aortic SBP and DBP (mmHg), and (x) aortic augmentation pressure (mmHg).Results: The study shows the deterioration in the vessel elasticity with advancing age in both men and women. In the normal men population studied(n=135), an increase in SBP from a young age to older age was 3.7%, likewise in women (n=111), it was 12%. A standard cutoff value of 1738 cm/sfor baPWV and 1215 cm/s for C-F PWV was calculated from the combined group of known hypertensive patients and age- and sex-matched normalcontrols.Conclusion: Thus, the PWV and the variables derived from it can be used for evaluating the status of blood vessels noninvasively.Keywords: Vascular stiffness, Pulse wave velocity, Gender, Carotid-femoral, Hypertensive.
PRESCRIPTION PATTERN OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AMONG DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN NORTH INDIA
Authors: Suhaib Mohammad , Ahmad Farida , Ahmad Mohammed
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to find out the pattern of antimicrobial prescription among dental practitioners in a tertiary care centre in North India. Methods:100 prescriptions of the patients attending the various dental outpatient departments of Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University were collected and tabulated between January 2016 to June 2016. An observational study was done on the obtained prescriptions on various aspects like dental pathology for which antimicrobial were prescribed, antimicrobial agents used for management of acute and chronic conditions along with their dose and duration. Compliance of the patients during therapy and  adverse effects associated with the regimen was also taken into consideration and the final data was expressed as counts and percentages. Results Out of a total of 100 patients 54 (54.0%) were males while females were numbered as 46 (42.0%) with maximum distribution of the patients between 31-40 years. On analysis the most commonly presented dental condition for which antimicrobials were prescribed were Acute/Chronic periodontitis (48%), Acute/Chronic gingivitis (32%), Caries (11%), Post RCT (4%), Pericoronitis (3%), Oral trauma (1%) and other condition (1%). For the management of above conditions  antimicrobials were the most extensively used agents which were prescribed for only 3-5 days which may not be sufficient, followed by analgesics and antimicrobial mouthwashes. Among the antimicrobials used, most frequently used agents were Amoxycillin (50%) followed by Ornidazole (21%), Ofloxacin (20%), Doxycycline (16%), Cefixime (9%) and Ciprofloxacin (3%) used either alone or in combination for the management of acute and chronic conditions. Only two patients were advised for culture & sensitivity tests prior to antimicrobial therapy because of non compliance of patients. Majority (74%) of patients completed the prescribed regimen of antimicrobials while 7 patients reported adverse drug reactions(ADRs), among which most common  were nausea and vomiting.Conclusions In our study we found that the periodontal diseases were the most frequently reported conditions followed by acute/chronic gingivitis for which antimicrobials were prescribed while Amoxycillin and Ornidazole were the most commonly used antimicrobials for the management of various acute and chronic dental conditions, but were prescribed without culture & sensitivity in most cases. 7% patients reported ADRs. To conclude appropriate measures are to be promoted for rational prescribing and ADR reporting.Keywords: Amoxicillin, Dental, Antimicrobials, infections, Prescription pattern.
IN VITRO STUDY OF URSOLIC ACID COMBINATION FIRST-LINE ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS AGAINST DRUG-SENSITIVE AND DRUG-RESISTANT STRAINS OF Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Pitaloka Dian Ayu Eka , Sukandar Elin Yulinah
Published: April 2017

Objective: The resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium TB (MTB) is associated with the rapid spread of multidrug-resistant,therefore, the development of new antimycobacterial agents is necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimycobacterial activity ofursolic acid (UA) when it using alone and combination with TB drugs.Methods: MTB H37Rv strain, streptomycin-rifampicin resistant strain, and isoniazid-ethambutol resistant strain were evaluated by susceptibility testusing a serial number of UA (25-150 µg/mL). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was read as minimum concentration of drugs that completelyinhibit visible growth of organism. Activities of drug combination of UA with TB drug were determined in Lowenstein-Jensen media by calculatingthe fractional inhibitory concentration index.Results: The results showed that MIC of UA was 50 µg/mL against three different strains of MTB. The combination of UA and TB drugs displayedsynergistic interaction, and no antagonism result from the combination was observed for strains of MTB.Conclusion: These results indicate that UA may serve as a promising lead compound for future antimycobacterial drug development.Keywords: Ursolic acid, Tuberculosis, Drug combination, Susceptibility test
ROLE OF "ATYPICAL" MICROORGANISMS ON THE FORMATION OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE AND RECURRENT OBSTRUCTIVE BRONCHITIS
Authors: Zhukova Olga V , Kononova Svetlana V , Konyshkina Tatjana M
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the link between the presence of “atypical” infections in patients with acute obstructive andrecurrent obstructive bronchitis (AOB/ROB) and bronchial asthma (BA) development based on the concept of risk.Methods: The materials for the study were the data records of patients hospitalized with AOB or ROB and whose analysis was performed to identifyantibodies to “atypical” microflora (796 patients). The study period was 4 years from 2008 to 2011. In the analyzed period, immunosorbent assay forthe detection of antibodies to “atypical” microflora (Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis) was performed. Theconcept of risk identification was based on the determination of the absolute risk, attributable risk (AtR), relative risk, population attributable risk, aswell as on the definition of the standard errors for each type of risk and the confidence interval.Results and Conclusion: Methodical aspects of determining the relationship between the presence of “atypical” infections in patients with AOBor ROB and BA development were based on the concept of risk. The analysis showed a direct link between the increase of cases of BA formationagainst the backdrop of “atypical” infections. Therefore, the performed analysis of atypical pathogens influences on BA occurrence in patients withAOB/ROB which indicates direct dependence increase of BA incidence on atypical infection. In experimental group, Frequency of event is 14.84% inexperimental group. Frequency of event is 1.67% in control group. The risk factor increases probability of event by 13.17%, the risk factor increasesprobability of event by 13.17%. Presence of atypical infection leads to increase of BA incidence by 8.9 times. Number needed to harm (NNH) is 7.59,i.e., in the presence of atypical infection in patients with AOB/ROB, each eighth exposed person develops BA in addition to background level of BAincidence.Keywords: Acute obstructive bronchitis, Recurrent obstructive bronchitis, Bronchial asthma, The concept of risk, Risk factor, The absolute risk,Relative risk, Attributable risk, Population attributable risk, Number needed to harm.
FORMULATION ANDCHARACTERIZATION OF OLANZEPINELOADED MUCOADHESIVE MICROSPHERES
Authors: Deshmukh Madhuri T , Mohite Shrinivas K
Published: April 2017

Objective: The objective of this research was to formulate and evaluate olanzapine (OLE) mucoadhesive microsphere prepared using carbopol and sodium combination. OLE having extensive hepatic first pass metabolism and low bioavailability problem, determined the need for the development of sustained release formulation.Methods: OLE mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared by ionic gelation method. OLE mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared byionic gelation method by using calcium chloride as crosslinking agent. The OLE mucoadhesive microsphere was characterized by particle sizemeasurement, process yield, morphology of microsphere, drug entrapment efficiency, mucoadhesion test, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) study and in-vitro drug release.Results: The OLE mucoadhesive microsphere having mean particle size ranged from 546.0 µm to 554.3 µm, and the entrapment efficiencies ranged from 73% to 96%. All the olanzapine (OLE) microsphere batches showed good in-vitro mucoadhesive property ranging from 75.89% to 96.47% and in the in-vitro wash off test ranging from 68.12% to 81.3%. FTIR studies indicated the no drug-polymer interactions in the ideal formulation F9. Therewere no compatibility issues, and the crystallinity of OLE was found to be reduced shoeing less intense peak in prepared mucoadhesive microspheres, which were confirmed by differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffraction studies. Among different formulations, the OLE microspheres of batch F9 had shown the optimum percent drug entrapment of microspheres. Release pattern of OLE from F9 microspheres batch followed Higuchi kinetic model. Stability studies were carried out for F9 formulation at 4°C/ambient, 25±2°C/60±5%, 40±2°C/75±5% relative humidity revealed that the drug entrapment, mucoadhesive behavior, and drug release were within permissible limits.Conclusion: The results obtained in this work demonstrate the use of carbopol and sodium alginate polymer for preparation of mucoadhesive microsphere.Keywords: Ionic gelation method, Gastroretentive delivery, Mucoadhesive microsphere, Carbopol.
EFFECT OF IRON OVERLOAD AND IRON CHELATORS ON ANTI-MÜLLERIAN HORMONE LEVEL IN EGYPTIAN FEMALE PATIENTS WITH TRANSFUSION DEPENDENT β-THALASSEMIA
Authors: Hamed Noha Sayed
Published: April 2017

Objective: This work aims to determine the effect of iron overload on serum anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in females subjected to transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia by measuring serum ferritin and to investigate the effects of iron chelation therapy including oral deferiprone and subcutaneous deferoxamine in the management of transfusion-related iron overload together with reproductive function.Methods: 90 female patients with thalassemia major (TM), thalassemia intermedia (TI) and thalassemia minor (T minor) were selected to investigate AMH by ELISA and ferritin by IRMA.Results: Serum AMH level was lower in female patients with transfusion dependent β-thalassemia than in T minor also, Ferritin was 25 fold more in TM compared to T minor (3088.0±2497.6 ng/ml vs. 120.3±36.2 ng/ml). There was significant negative correlation of AMH with ferritin in TM (r =-0.949; P<0.001*), in TI (r =-0.378; P =0.039*) and in T minor (r =-0.754; P<0.001*). The iron chelator, deferoxamine had significantly higher ferritin and lower AMH in TM and TI than deferiprone.Conclusion: the results demonstrated that females with TM and TI were found to have lower serum AMH levels than T minor and inversely related to the serum ferritin levels in all thalassemic groups. Also, it demonstrated that deferiprone was more efficient than deferoxamine in removing excess iron and reduced the deleterious effect of excess iron to the reproductive system, which leads to fertility preservation of female patients with transfusion–dependent β-thalassemia.Keywords: Anti-müllerian hormone, Ferritin, Iron overload, β-thalassemia, Deferoxamine, Deferiprone.
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES AND ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS FROM FRUIT OF THESPESIA POPULNEA
Authors: Nandhini Sasi Usha , V Radhika , S Manisha , V Anusha Jeslin
Published: April 2017

Objectives: To study the phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial compounds from fruits of Thespesia populnea.Methods: The determination of antimicrobial activity of fruit extract was done by agar well diffusion method. Active compounds were extracted bydifferent solvent extraction methods. The presence of active compounds was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS).Results: The active extract was identified by the GC-MS analysis and it was revealed that the presence of oleic acid, pentadecanoic acid, andN-hexadecanoic acid.Conclusion: This method adopted and extracted purified active metabolites and can be fruitfully employed for obtaining novel antibiotic compounds to treat human pathogenic bacterial and fungal diseases.Keywords: Thespesia populnea (L.), Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Antimicrobial, Phytochemical.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF FOOD GRADE WAX MATRIX SUSTAINED RELEASE MINI-TABLETS OF MONTELUKAST SODIUM
Authors: Deshpande Amar H , D Wasul
Published: April 2017

Objective: The objective of this study is to formulate a tablet that fits in the size range of mini-tablets using wax matrix forming substances, allowsvariation of drug dose and study of drug release kinetics of the dosage form.Methods: The blends of drug with glyceryl monostearate, purified rice bran wax and carnauba wax that renders the waxes food grade, were preparedand evaluated for precompression characteristics. The blends were compressed into mini-tablets having desirable physical characteristics andwere subjected to tests such as weight variation and friability. The tablets were subjected to drug dissolution test and the release parameters weremathematically treated for order and mechanism of drug release.Results: The tablets complied with the pharmacopoeial standards of physical characteristics. The release was satisfactorily sustained (up to 10 hrs)by carnauba wax and rice bran wax, but not by glyceryl monostearate (only up to 4 hrs). The release followed a zero order with super Case II transportbeing the major mechanism of drug release.Conclusion: Wax matrix formers were satisfactorily used for sustained drug release mini-tablets. The tablets had good physical characteristics withmajor mechanism of drug release being super Case II transport.Keywords: Wax matrix, Sustained release, Mini-tablets, Montelukast sodium.
BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING ANDREDERA CORDIFOLIA LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: Palanivelrajan Rajathi , S Suja
Published: April 2017

Objective: The present study is focussed on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Andredera cordifolia and to investigate the free radical scavenging potential, antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles against different human pathogens.Methods: The formation of silver nanoparticles was indicated by the colour change from colourless to reddish brown. Biosynthesized nanoparticles was characterised using several techniques, viz- UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, TEM, SEM and EDAX analysis. The free radical scavenging potential was measured by DPPH, FRAP assay, antimicrobial activity against six microorganisms was tested using disc diffusion method.  Results: UV-Vis spectral analysis showed silver Surface Plasmon Resonance band at 426 nm.  The crystalline morphology and size of the nanoparticles were determined by TEM, SEM, and X-ray diffraction studies which showed the average size of the nanoparticles in the range 40 –60nm.  The biologically synthesized nanoparticles efficiently inhibited pathogenic organisms such as E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella Pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris.  The biosynthesized nanoparticles might serve as a potent antioxidant as revealed by DPPH assay and FRAP assay. Conclusion: The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles had several advantages in pharmaceutical applications as well as large scale commercial production.Key Words: Silver nanoparticle, Andredera cordifolia leaf, SEM,TEM,XRD,antioxidant, antimicrobial,etc.
Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Bisoprolol and Triamterene in human plasma
Authors: G Hemavathi , M Hipparagi S
Published: April 2017

Objective: A highly sensitive, specific, and rapid liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of bisoprolol and triamterene in human plasma using metoprolol as an internal standard (IS) as per regulatory guidelines.Methods: Both the analytes and IS were extracted from plasma using a protein precipitation extraction method. Chromatography was achieved on Welchrom XB C18, 50 mm×4.6 mm, 5 µm column using an isocratic mobile phase (2 mM ammonium formate acetonitrile, 70:30 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.60 ml/minute.Results: The total chromatographic run time was 3.5 minute and the elution of bisoprolol, triamterene, and IS occurred at ~2.57, 1.30 and 1.57 minute, respectively. A linear response function was established at 2.04-210 ng/ml for both the analytes in human plasma. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precisions were in the range of 1.12-7.87 and 1.26-6.36%; 1.46-6.13 and 1.65-7.34% for bisoprolol and triamterene, respectively.Conclusion: A new robust method was developed for simultaneous determination of Bisoprolol and Triamterene in human plasma. The method was strictly validated according to the ICH [1] guidelines. The information thus obtained from the study can be used for the full pharmacokinetic profiling in individuals.Keywords: Bisoprolol, Triamterene, Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, Method validation, Human plasma,Pharmacokinetics.
EFFECT OF CANNA INDICA L. EXTRACT AGAINST CAFFEINE-NICOTINE CO-ADMINISTRATION-INDUCED EXAGGERATION IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Kumbhar Subhash T , Une Hemant D , Kannur Dayanand M , Patil Shriniwas P
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Canna indica L. extract against caffeine-nicotine administration-induced type 2 diabetes exaggeration in rats.Methods: A study was conducted for three weeks in four rat groups (n=6); viz.  type 2 diabetic control group, a caffeine-nicotine diabetic control group (20mg/kg, 0.4mg/kg, ip twice daily),  and Canna indica L. extract and caffeine-nicotine treatment group and  standard drug treated caffeine-nicotine diabetic group (Glibencamide, 5mg/kg, once daily). Type 2 diabetes was induced by two weeks high fatty diet and a single dose streptozotocin (50mg/kg, ip) on 1th day of the study in all groups. Blood and urine samples were collected every week for serum biochemical analysis.Results: Results of extract treatment and standard drug treatment were compared with untreated caffeine-nicotine co-administration group. Difference in each relevant serum parameter was analyzed through ANOVA and Dunett’s t test. Extract treated caffeine-nicotine-diabetic group showed about 150-200mg/dL (p<0.001) reduction in the serum glucose than untreated caffeine-nicotine-diabetic control group. Extract treatment reduces serum glucose by 10-15 mg/dL than glibenclamide treatment with higher significance (p<0.001). Extract treatment showed better results than standard drug in liver and kidney function test and exhibited its better potential in controlling diabetic complications. Extract treatment increased HDL-C and reduced triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C and TC much better and with higher significance than standard drug. Extract treatment reduced TC by at least 60-80mg/dL (p<0.01) in comparison to caffeine-nicotine-diabetic control group. Extract treatment reduced 10-15mg/dL of more total cholesterol than that of standard drug.Conclusion: Caffeine-nicotine co-administration-induced exaggeration of type 2 diabetes was better treated by CI extract than that of standard drug gibenclamide. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, Streptozotocin, Caffeine, Nicotine, Diabetic complication, Rat
OYSTER MUSHROOM : ANSWER TO HUMAN AILMENTS:A REVIEW
Authors: Jandaik Savita , Anjana Sharma
Published: April 2017

Abstract : Oyster mushroom is consumed all over the world due to its taste, flavor, high nutritional value and some medicinal properties. Many species of this genus are rich in proteins with essential amino acids, polysaccharides, essential amino acids, dietary fibers , important minerals and some vitamins. Because of these nutritional composition and presence of bioactive molecules oyster mushroom have been reported to have anticancer,antihypertensive,antihypercholestromic, anti diabetic, antiobesity antiaging ,antimicrobial and antioxidant activities The high nutritional value and potent medicinal uses suggests that Pleurotus mushrooms are important functional foods or nutraceuticalsKey words: Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus species, medicinal value, human ailments, antimicrobial activities
NIMOTUZUMAB INDUCED HYPERTENSION(NIH): A MAIDEN CASE REPORT
Authors: Ommurugan Balaji , Priya Amita , Patil Navin
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT                      Nimotuzumab is one among the latest humanized monoclonal antibody targeting against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). It is approved for Head and neck squamous cancer in India, Srilanka, Cuba and Argentina, for glioma in Cuba, Argentina and Ukraine and Nasopharyngeal cancer in China. Hypertension is most common with Bevacizumab and Cetuximab, which are monoclonal antibodies against EGFR. Hence, we report here a case of Nimotuzumab induced hypertension in a 70-year-old man treated for vocal cord carcinoma. KEYWORDS: Nimotuzumab, Hypertension, EGFR, Adverse effects.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF MEBHYDROLINE NAPADISYLATE IN TABLET PREPARATIONS
Authors: Nerdy Nerdy
Published: April 2017

Objective : Mebhydrolin Napadisylate is classified as an antihistamine drug classes used to treat allergies. One of the quality requirements for drug preparation was active compound levels must meet the requirements as stated in the Pharmacopoeia or other standard books. The purpose of this study was to validate an ultraviolet spectrophotometric method of determination of Mebhydrolin Napadisylate in the tablet preparation available in the market.Methods : Solvents used are hydrochloric acid (HCl) 0.1 N in methanol and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 0.1 N in methanol for determination of Mebhydrolin Napadisylate and has not been reported. The ultraviolet spectrophotometric method used in the determination of Mebhydrolin Napadisylate will be conducted validation which includes: accuracy, precision, linearity, range, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ).Results : Measurements were made at a maximum wavelength (λmax) of Mebhydrolin Napadisylate 287 nm. Results of ultraviolet spectrophotometric method validation in determination of Mebhydrolin Napadisylate in tablet preparation; accuracy, precision, linearity, range, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ) meet the requirements of validation tests for methods of analysis. The obtained results of the determination of Mebhydrolin Napadisylate levels in tablet preparation with a branded name on the market meet the general requirements of tablet preparation.Conclusion : Ultraviolet spectrophotometric method of Mebhydrolin Napadisylate determination in tablet preparation meets the requirements of validation tests for methods of analysis. The determination of Mebhydrolin Napadisylate levels in tablet preparation meets the general requirements of tablet preparation.Keywords : Development, Validation, Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric, Mebhydroline Napadisylate
STUDY OF THYROID PROFILE IN GERIATRIC TYPE-2 DIABETICS IN JHARKHAND
Authors: Jha Pankaj Kumar , Mandal Gunjan Kumar
Published: April 2017

Objective: To study the  association of the two endocrinal disorders (Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease) in randomly selected geriatric patients.Method: The study includes 80 patients in geriatric age groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus visiting the Medicine out patients department. Thyroid profile were assayed  in type 2 diabetic patients.Results: It was noted that thyroid dysfunction was prevalent in 41(51.25%)  out of the 80 geriatric age group patients with 31(38.75%) being hypothyroidism, 7 (8.7%) having subclinical hypothyroidism and 3 (3.7%) having a hyperthyroid state.Conclusion: The study shows that screening should be strongly recommended for all type 2 diabetics to rule out thyroid dysfunction in patients with increasing age.Keywords: Thyroid profile, Geriatric patients, Diabetes mellitus.
Evaluation of Process Capability in Manufacture of Anti-Hypertensive Tablets 10 mg
Authors: Gupta N Vishal , S Rahul Raj , G Ravi
Published: April 2017

Background of the Study: A Process Capability Study is a formal procedure for undertaking a systematic investigation to reliably assess a process ability to consistently meet a specific requirement. Its indices are to measure the inherent variability of a process and thus to reflect its performance.Objective: The present study describes the evaluation of Process capability in the manufacture of Anti-hypertensive tablets 10 mg.Materials and Methods: This project focuses on Process Capability Study that had been applied in Pharmaceutical industry which includes selection of critical parameters, data collection, study on process capability and data evaluation. In this process capability study the critical process parameters were identified and evaluated by challenging its lower and upper release specifications. Here many statistical process control tools along with Minitab-16 software were used to find the capability of this manufacturing process.Results and Discussion: The discovered results for Ppk (Process performance index), tolerance limit and Standard deviation (overall) are 2.25, 40 and 2.949, which advocates that the process meets the criteria required for capability. Process capability ensures that processes are fit for industry company specification while reduce the process variation and important in achieving product quality characteristic. This capability study should be employed in the industry before the batch is made commercial. It acts as a cost effective approach that can reduce the time taken for inspection.Conclusion: In this research work the current capability of the process is predicted and the process is found to be capable.Keywords: Process capability, Specifications, Critical parameters.
La actividad forestal en el desarrollo económico de Chignahuapan, Puebla
Authors: Salinas Cruz Eileen , González Guillén Manuel de Jesús , León Merino Aurelio , Rodríguez Hernández Rafael
Published: April 2017

El objetivo del estudio fue medir el impacto de la actividad forestal en Chignahuapan, Puebla, para determinar su interrelación con otros sectores, e identificar si impulsa la economía del municipio, o sólo les provee insumos a otros ramos. Se utilizó la matriz insumo-producto con el método Flegg; los resultados sugieren que el aprovechamiento forestal y la industria maderera contribuyen significativamente al desarrollo de Chignahuapan. Por lo tanto, para impulsar la economía municipal habría que incentivar la inversión en estos sectores, a través de la implementación de políticas públicas integrales, lo que se pudiera considerar un modelo a seguir para otros municipios o regiones.
Política social para la infancia en escenarios de violencia: el caso del FANVI en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, 2011-2014
Authors: Aguirre Rodríguez Lina María , Camargo González Ignacio
Published: April 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es comprender, desde la perspectiva del actor, la implementación del fideicomiso Fondo de Atención para los Niños y Niñas, Hijos de las Víctimas de la Lucha Contra el Crimen. Se utilizó el enfoque de la teoría fundamentada, para entrevistar a madres (viudas) y abuelas de los niños incluidos o marginados de esta política. Los resultados principales fueron que se obstaculizó y se excluyó a muchos niños que tenían derecho a recibir la ayuda del programa, debido a disposiciones informales de los funcionarios públicos; que las abuelas y las madres biológicas tuvieron que enfrentar el dilema de mantener o ceder la custodia legal de los niños y que los medios masivos de comunicación lucraron con el dolor de estas familias y, de manera subsidiaria, visibilizaron las deficiencias de la implementación de este programa en un contexto de violencia estructural y criminal.
Origen, protagonistas y alianzas. El Banco de San Luis Potosí, 1897-1916
Authors: Gámez Rodriguez Moisés
Published: April 2017

En este trabajo se expone el origen de la banca en San Luis Potosí, cuyo estudio se centra a partir de la legislación bancaria de 1897, que representa históricamente la institucionalización y modernización de la empresa bancaria mexicana. Como punto de partida se plantea que los perfiles financieros y empresariales de los involucrados en el nacimiento del Banco de San Luis Potosí, y representados en los miembros de su Consejo de Administración, son importantes para entender la configuración del sistema, y también que las redes extendidas en torno a dicha empresa muestran prácticas financieras de la economía de México en el último cuarto del siglo xix.
Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolates among Diarrhoeic Patients From University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Authors: Mailafia S. , Nafarnda W. , Sugun M.Y.
Published: April 2017

The present study is the first to be conducted in order to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Aeromonas hydrophila strains from diarrheic patients attending University of Abuja Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. A total of 153 stool samples were collected from out patients attending University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH). The diarrhoeic patients were screened for the presence of Aeromonas hydrophila using routine cultural methods and biochemical characterization. Our results did show that the overall isolation rate is (3. 92%). The prevalence per age group is presented showed that age group 26-30 years having the highest rate of (1.31%) of the total sample analysed. Age groups 11-15 and 16-20 years having the same prevalence rate of (0.65%) each, while the age groups d”5, 6-10 and >30 had no prevalence for Aeromonas hydrophila. The distribution of A. hydrophila infection among different sexes has shown that (2.22%) out of the six A.hydrophila were isolated from diarrheic stools collected from males, while (6.35%) were isolated from females. Statistical analysis showed that X2 yates corrected)= 0.05 P= 0.596, OR=1.10 (0.50<OR<2.80).This indicated the level of association between age and rate of Aeromonas infection. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of A. hydrophila showed that the isolates were extremely (100%) resistant to Ampicillin, Cephalothin, Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Sulphatriazone, Tetracyclin and Cotrimoxazole. All the isolates are highly susceptible to Colistin and Ceftazidime (100%) followed by Augmentin (83%). They are moderately susceptible to Cefutoxime 50%). Earlier studies revealed resistance to Tetracycline and Cotrimoxazole. Our study confirmed that Aeromonas hydrophila as an important enteropathogen responsible for diarrhoea in humans in Gwagwalada. Diagnostic regime should involve screening of this organism alongside other microorganisms responsible for diarrhoeic symptoms in man and animals. This is the first report to involve Aeromonas hydrophila in human diarrhoea and sought regime for choice of antibiotics for the management of the infection.
Comparative Analysis of mecA and nuc Gene Sequences of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Human Urine Samples
Authors: Maxton Ann , Masih Sam A. , Bailey Shashi B. , Ram G.D. , Singh Satendra
Published: April 2017

In the present study twenty five human urine samples of hospital patients were screened for Staphylococcus aureus. Twenty percent of the samples were positive for Staphylococcus aureus as yellow colonies were observed aerobically on mannitol salt agar, out of the five isolates two were catalase positive. On the basis of resistance against methicillin, out of the three catalase positive isolates, two were MSSA and one was MRSA. One MRSA and one MSSA strain was examined using PCR technique, for gene identification. The mecA and nuc gene were amplified using PCR technique. The presence of mecA gene and nuc gene in MRSA and MSSA respectively, confirmed the strains. Comparative gene analysis of mecA gene and nuc gene was performed using BLAST and CLUSTALW tools. Thereafter rooted phylogenetic tree was obtained for both mecA and nuc gene sequences explaining the genetic evolutionary lineage. Present study analyzed the resistance mechanism of MRSA and to identify the gene responsible in order to control the re-emerging methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection.
Protective Efficiency of Pasteurella multocida A:1 Bacteriophage lysate Vaccine against Homologous and Heterologous Challenge in Poultry
Authors: Nagdive Anshuja , Rawat Mayank , Kumar Bablu , Tiwari Ashok Kumar , Chavhan Somanath
Published: April 2017

Fowl cholera (FC) caused by serotypes of Pasteurella multocida includes A:1, A:3, A:4 is a highly fatal septicemic disease. Preliminary trials of P. multocida A:1 bacteriophage lysate vaccine against FC was evaluated. Lytic phage and P. multocida ratio was standardized to obtain stable lysate batches. Consequently, three batches of lytic phage preparation were produced; estimation of protein and carbohydrate content amongst batches did not shown any significant variation indicating same batches can be produced by standardized procedure. Protective response trials in poultry with P. multocida A:1, A:3, A:4 against plain lysate and alum adsorbed lysate (1% alum) on vaccinated group showed both homologous and heterologous protection compared with inactivated whole cell group provided only homologous protection. Assessment of antibody response towards P. multocida A:1, A:3, A:4 antigen evaluated by Indirect Haemagglutination test (IHA) reveals presence of protective antibody titer.
Detection of Bluetongue Virus Antigen from Livestock of Gujarat State
Authors: Patel S.S. , Shah N.M. , Chauhan H.C. , Chandel B.S. , Shrimali M.D. , Patel A.C. , Patel K.B. , Patel M.A. , Patel B.K , Patel M.G. , Kala J.K. , Rajgor Manish
Published: April 2017

Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious, non-contagious disease of domestic and wild ruminants. Bluetongue virus (BTV) causes severe disease in sheep, which is transmitted by insect vector belonging to Culicoides spp. It is particularly a viral disease of sheep, occasionally affecting cattle, buffaloes, goats, camels and other wild ruminants. Out of 377 (364-blood, 5-spleen and 8-pooled Culicoides) samples 110 (29.18%) and 28 (7.42%) were found positive for BTV antigen by s-ELISA and BT-AGID respectively. Species wise incidence by s-ELISA recorded was 48.20 per cent in sheep, 57.14 per cent in goats and 2.60 per cent in cattle however, none of the blood sample found positive from buffalo and camel. Species wise incidence by BT-AGID recorded was 12.23 per cent in sheep and 15.71 per cent in goats however, none of the blood sample found positive for BTV antigen from cattle, buffalo and camel. Higher incidence seen in goats by both the test. s-ELISA proved to be the most sensitive in detecting BTV antigen than BT-AGID. Considering s-ELISA as the reference test, the relative sensitivity, specificity and overall agreement between both the tests were 25.45 per cent, 100 per cent and 78.24 per cent respectively.
Evaluation of Rice Varieties against Multiple Diseases Under Middle IGP of Bihar
Authors: Bhakta N. , Kumar Rahul , Mishra J.S. , Prakash Ved , Rao K.K. , Yadav Shikha , Jaiswal Kundan Kumar , Kumar Shiv Shankar , Sharma Basant Kumar , Sarma Kamal , Sarkar Bikash , Bhatt B.P.
Published: April 2017

An investigation was carried out to evaluate the susceptibility of rice cultivation to major field diseases like brown spot, sheath blight and bacterial leaf blight under middle Indo Gangetic Plain. The disease incidence and disease severity were observed at three different growth stages namely flowering, milk and maturity in boro seasons during 2015-16. The incidence of brown spot ranged from 8.93 to 17.83%, 16.67 to 25.67% and 18.33 to 28.33% at flowering, milk and maturity stages, respectively. The severity of brown spot in grade (0-9 scale) ranged from 5.13 to 10.33, 9.33 to 20.00 and 11.57 to 22.67, respectively at flowering, milk and maturity stages. The incidence of sheath blight of paddy ranged from 7. 03 to 16.50%, 13.13 to 22.67% and 19.67 to 35.67% at flowering, milk and maturity stages, respectively. The severity of sheath blight in grade (0-9 scale) ranged from 4.00 to 8.60, 8.33 to 13.93 and 18.33 to 34.33, respectively at flowering, milk and maturity stages. The incidence of bacterial leaf blight ranged from 5.00 to 14.00%, 11.43 to 21.00% and 17.00 to 34.00% at flowering, milk and maturity stages, respectively. The severity of bacterial leaf blight in grade (0-9 scale) ranged from 2.00 to 8.00%, 6.33 to 12.05% and 14.47 to 20.17%, respectively at flowering, milk and maturity stages. Among the varieties, the highest incidence and severity of Brown spot was recorded on Rajendra Bhagawati whereas it was lowest on 27P31 at all growth stages. In the case of Sheath blight, highest incidence and severity was recorded on Sambha Mahsuri whereas it was the lowest on CRL 193. Beside this in the case of Bacterial leaf blight, the highest incidence and severity was recorded on Kranti whereas the lowest was recorded on CRL 193. In general, it was observed that the incidence and severity of diseases increased gradually from flowering to maturity stage and the genotypes with the minimum incidence and severity of diseases gave the maximum yield.
Faecal Culture and IS900 PCR Assay for the Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Bovine Faecal Samples
Authors: Rasool Sumiyah , Narang Deepti , Chandra Mudit , Sharma N.S.
Published: April 2017

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is a pathogen that causes johne’s disease in animals and is implicated in Crohn’s disease in humans. Culture of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) from faeces has been considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis for many years. However, direct faecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is becoming more widely used, demonstrating similar sensitivity and specificity to culture. In the present study, faecal culture and IS900 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of faecal samples was done on 200 clinically suspected cases of Johne’s disease in dairy cattle. One isolates appeared only on the mycobactin J supplemented media at 8–16 weeks post-inoculation. A total of 7 faecal samples out of 200 samples were detected positive by IS900 PCR assay for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) yielding an expected product of size 229 bp. The sensitivity of the IS900 PCR was assessed by making ten fold serial dilutions of the known concentration (5 ng/µl) of the standard genomic DNA of MAP. The detection limit of the IS900 PCR was upto 5 pg/µl.
Correlation Analysis for Seed Yield and Its Contributing Traits in Isabgol Genotypes
Authors: Tyagi Sachin , Sahay Sanjay , Kumar Anuj , Singh Deen Dayal , RajKumar  , Mohd.Imran  , Rashmi Kumari
Published: April 2017

The present investigation was carried out at main experiment station Horticulture, Department of Horticulture, NDUA&T, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) to study the correlation analysis for seed yield and its contributing traits on 42 genotypes of Isabgol. The experiment was laid out during rabi season (2011-12) in randomized block design replicated twice with the plant spacing 30×10 cm. The study revealed that the seed yield per plant was highly significant and positively correlated with number of spike per plant (0.628), while it had significant and positively correlated with number of branches per plant (0.342). On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficient, which is good indicator for selection is can be concluded that to increase the seed yield per plant, the character number of spikes per plant must be considered because these characters had highly significant and positive correlation with seed yield per plant. Therefore, direct selection for number of spike per plant would be effective for seed yield improvement in Isabgol.
Comparative Study Between Different Types of Media used for the Isolation of Uropathogens with Special Reference to E. coli
Authors: Kumar Yashab , Kunj Lata , Ramteke Pramod W.
Published: April 2017

Escherichia coli is the greatest cause of primary urinary tract infections. The present study aimed Urinary tract infection in female with special reference Escherichia coli and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern. A total of 100 urine samples were collected from different hospitals of Allahabad. The samples were cultured on Cystein lysine electrolytes deficiency media, MacConkey’s agar, Nutrient agar and Hicrome UTI agar media. Based on the results it was found that different media had different properties and Hicrome UTI agar was the best and convenient media for the isolation of Escherichia coli and other uropathogens. Further it was also observed that Escherichia coli was the most common organism for UTI in female.