bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concurrent and Predictive Validity of the Instrument for Forensic Treatment Evaluation: From Risk Assessment to Routine, Multidisciplinary Treatment Evaluation
Authors: Schuringa Erwin , Heininga V.E. , Spreen Marinus , Bogaerts Stefan
Published: November 2016

Besides assessment of forensic patients’ risk of future violence and criminogenic needs, knowledge on their responsivity to treatment is equally important. However, instruments currently used for risk assessment are not sensitive enough for treatment evaluation. Therefore, the Instrument for Forensic Treatment Evaluation (IFTE) was developed. The IFTE is a treatment evaluation tool, which uses the dynamic risk items of the Dutch risk assessment tool, the HKT-R (Historical, Clinical, Future–Revised). The IFTE has an extended answering scale, which makes it more sensitive for measuring change and enables clinicians to monitor patients’ responsivity to treatment closely. This study examines the concurrent and predictive validity of the IFTE. We found moderate to strong correlations between IFTE items and HKT-30 items (the HKT-30 is the predecessor of the HKT-R), with work and therapy attendance, and positive drug tests. In addition, we found moderate to modest correlations between some IFTE items and work and therapy attendance in a 6-month follow-up period and modest to high discriminative power for some IFTE items for violence and drug use 6 months after the measurement. Given its good reliability and validity properties, and comprehensive but short-term nature, implementation of the IFTE in forensic practice likely improves individual treatment of forensic psychiatric patients and has high potential for risk management purposes.
Trigeminal nervous system sensitization by infraorbital nerve injury enhances responses in a migraine model
Authors: Toyama Midori , Kudo Chiho , Mukai Chikako , Inoue Mika , Oyamaguchi Aiko , Hanamoto Hiroshi , Sugimura Mitsutaka , Niwa Hitoshi
Published: November 2016

Background

Although the peripheral and central sensitizations of trigeminal nervous system may be one of the important factors of migraine, the precise mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we examined the influence of the sensitization of the second division of the trigeminal nerve (V2) by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the infraorbital nerve (ION) on migraine headache, using the capsaicin-induced migraine model.

Methods

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups: (a) sham surgery and topical-dural vehicle application (Sham + Vehicle) group, (b) CCI-ION and topical-dural vehicle application (CCI-ION + Vehicle) group, (c) sham surgery and topical-dural capsaicin application (Sham + Capsaicin) group, (d) CCI-ION and topical-dural capsaicin application (CCI-ION + Capsaicin) group. Behavioral testing and immunohistochemical staining were performed.

Results

In the behavioral test, the Sham + Capsaicin group showed significantly longer duration of immobilization and shorter duration of exploration compared with the Sham + Vehicle group, which is similar to clinical features of migraine patients. Moreover, CCI-ION enhanced these effects in the CCI-ION + Capsaicin group. Immunohistochemical staining for phospho-extracellular signal-related kinase (pERK) in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) containing first and second divisions of the trigeminal nerve and the trigeminocervical complex (TCC) revealed that pERK expression was significantly increased in the CCI-ION + Capsaicin group compared with the other groups. However, comparing between effects of the peripheral and central sensitizations (in the TG and TCC), from our results, peripheral sensitization would play a much less or not significant role.

Conclusions

These data demonstrate that the sensitization of V2 could influence the activation and the sensitization of the first division of the trigeminal nerve in the TCC, subsequently exacerbating pain sensation and pain-related behaviors. We have shown for the first time that the existence of the central sensitization of V2 can be an exacerbating factor for migraine related nociceptive thresholds/activation.
The Use of Technology for Estimating Body Composition
Authors: Teigen Levi M. , Kuchnia Adam J. , Mourtzakis Marina , Earthman Carrie P.
Published: November 2016

Assessment of body composition, both at single time points and longitudinally, is particularly important in clinical nutrition practice. It provides a means for the clinician to characterize nutrition status at a single time point, aiding in the identification and diagnosis of malnutrition, and to monitor changes over time by providing real‐time information on the adequacy of nutrition interventions. Objective body composition measurement tools are available clinically but are often underused in nutrition care, particularly in the United States. This is, in part, due to a number of factors concerning their use in a clinical context: cost and accessibility of equipment, as well as interpretability of the results. This article focuses on the factors influencing interpretation of results in a clinical setting. Body composition assessment, regardless of the method, is inherently limited by its indirect nature. Therefore, an understanding of the strengths and limitations of any method is essential for meaningful interpretation of its results. This review provides an overview of body composition technologies available clinically (computed tomography, dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, bioimpedance, ultrasound) and discusses the strengths and limitations of each device.
New insight in the biological integration of polytetrafluoroethylene from an explant used for diaphragm repair
Authors: Schneider Anne , Talon Isabelle , Mathieu Eric , Schaaf Pierre , Becmeur François , Hemmerlé Joseph
Published: November 2016

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a severe disease requiring diaphragm replacement mostly with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. Unfortunately, the recurrence rate is high due to prosthesis failure with significant morbidity for the child. To provide a better understanding of the integration and possible failure processes of the biomaterial implanted in humans, we conducted electron microscopical and mechanical assessments on a prosthesis explant from a child with congenital diaphragmatic hernia presenting a recurrence. Our findings show a major penetration of connective tissue into the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene on the rough side, whereas the smooth side presents few tissue colonization. This penetration is more important in the central area (area A) with large collagen bundles and layers, in comparison to the peripheral areas without prosthesis failure (area B), where few extracellular matrix is produced. The connective tissue penetrates the prosthesis in depth. In contrast, the peripheral areas with prosthesis failure (area C) show very few cells and extracellular matrix, with an oriented organization in comparison to areas A and B. Obviously, the forces applied on the implanted material modulate the cellular behavior of the newly developed tissues. Atomic force microscopic measurements of the biomaterials’ surfaces may explain some cellular behaviors according to areas with or without failure.
Tasks, skills, and competencies of future high-speed train drivers
Authors: Brandenburger Niels , Hörmann Hans-Jürgen , Stelling Dirk , Naumann Anja
Published: November 2016

This study aims at identifying the roles and tasks of a train driver, who operates a highly automated high-speed passenger train, as well as the job requirements in terms of personnel selection criteria. To this end, two studies – a prospective task analysis and a prospective job analysis based on Fleishman – were conducted with two samples of experienced high-speed train drivers from Germany. The results show that cognitive information acquisition and continuous monitoring tasks require mental persistence and sustained attention, thus converting the train driver into a train operator. It is proposed that the future tasks and working conditions should be designed to strengthen the train operators’ share in tasks of information integration, strategizing, and decision-making. Thus, the detrimental effects of continuous monitoring tasks, which are well established across transportation industry domains, could be alleviated.
Autoantibodies persist in relatives to systemic lupus erythematosus patients during 12 years follow-up
Authors: Langkilde H , Voss A , Heegaard N , Laustrup H
Published: November 2016

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with presence of autoantibodies and characteristic multi-organ involvement. Relatives of SLE patients have an increased risk of autoantibody production and autoimmune diseases.

Methods

In 2001, 226 first degree relatives (FDRs) of a population-based cohort of SLE patients were examined for the prevalence of autoantibodies and self-reported health complaints. In 2013, 143 FDRs were re-investigated and deceased’s medical records were examined.

Results

Participants and non-participants were comparable regarding baseline characteristics, while deceased FDRs were older than participants, but with comparable ANA status. ANA status at baseline correlated to ANA status at follow-up. At follow-up, two FDRs reported SLE and 15 FDRs other autoimmune diseases. No observation at baseline alone could predict self-reported health. During follow-up 33 died at median age 76 years. Three deceased FDRs were diagnosed with an autoimmune disease.

Conclusion

The study showed that FDRs of SLE patients have an increased prevalence of ANA compared to healthy controls. The prevalence increased during follow-up, and ANA positive FDRs at baseline were prone to be ANA positive at follow-up. ANA positive FDRs had more self-reported autoimmune diseases, including SLE and rheumatoid arthritis, than reported from other population-based investigations.
Time trend and risk factors of avascular bone necrosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Tse Sau Mei , Mok Chi Chiu
Published: November 2016

Objectives

The objective of this paper is to study the time trend and risk factors of avascular bone necrosis (AVN) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

Between 1999 and 2014, patients who fulfilled the ACR criteria for SLE and developed symptomatic AVN were identified from our cohort database and compared with those without AVN, matched for age, sex and SLE duration. The standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of AVN in different SLE age groups were calculated from data derived from our hospital registry and population census. Risk factors for AVN were studied by logistic regression, adjusted by a propensity score for ever use of high-dose glucocorticoids (GCs).

Results

Fifty-five SLE patients with AVN and 220 SLE patients without AVN were studied. There were 104 AVN sites involved, with the hips being most commonly affected (82%). The point prevalence of AVN in our SLE cohort was 7.4%. The SIRs of AVN in our SLE patients were 131 (86.6–199; p < 0.001) and 56.0 (34.3–91.4; p < 0.001), respectively, in the periods 1995–2004 and 2005–2014. In both decades, the age-stratified SIR was highest in the youngest age group (<19 years). AVN patients were more likely to be treated with GCs and had received a significantly higher cumulative dose of prednisolone since SLE diagnosis (16.5 vs 10.7 grams; p = 0.001). The SLE damage score (excluding AVN) was also significantly higher in AVN than non-AVN patients (2.5 vs 0.4; p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed that preceding septic arthritis of the involved joint (odds ratio (OR) 17.7 (1.5–205); p = 0.02), cushingoid body habitus (OR 2.4 (1.1–5.2); p = 0.04), LDL cholesterol level (OR 1.4 (1.0–1.9); p = 0.04), maximum daily dose of prednisolone (OR 6.4 (1.2–33.3); p = 0.03) and cumulative dose of prednisolone received in the first six months of the first lupus flare (OR 1.3 (1.0–1.8); p = 0.046) were independently associated with AVN.

Conclusions

AVN is prevalent in SLE, particularly in younger patients. The use of GCs remains the strongest independent risk factor. A trend of reduction in the SIR of AVN in our SLE patients is observed over the past two decades.
Competency-Based Framework and Continuing Education for Preparing a Skilled School Health Workforce for Asthma Care: The Colorado Experience
Authors: Cicutto Lisa , Gleason Melanie , Haas-Howard Christy , Jenkins-Nygren Lynn , Labonde Susan , Patrick Kathy
Published: November 2016

School health teams commonly address the needs of students with asthma, which requires specific knowledge and skills. To develop a skilled school health team, a competency-based framework for managing asthma in schools was developed. A modified Delphi with 31 panelists was completed. Consensus (≥80% agreement) was reached for all 148 items regarding the appropriateness as a minimum competency for asthma care in schools. The resultant Colorado Competency Framework for Asthma Care in Schools guided the development and pilot testing of a continuing education curriculum for school nurses. Pre- and postassessments demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge and self-confidence related to asthma care in schools and inhaler technique skills. This work is the first to use a consensus process to identify a framework of minimum competencies for providing asthma care in schools. This framework informed a continuing education curriculum that resulted in improved knowledge, confidence, and skills for school nurses.
Rayleigh waves in a layered orthotropic elastic half-space with sliding contact
Authors: Chi Vinh Pham , Thi Ngoc Anh Vu
Published: November 2016

The presented paper is concerned with the propagation of Rayleigh waves in an orthotropic elastic half-space overlaid by an orthotropic elastic layer of arbitrary thickness. The layer and the half-space may be compressible or incompressible and they are in sliding contact with each other. The main aim of the paper is to derive explicit exact secular equations of the wave for four possible combinations: both the layer and the half-space are compressible or incompressible, one is compressible and the other is incompressible. When the layer and the half-space are both compressible, the explicit secular equation is derived by using the effective boundary condition method. For the three remaining cases, the explicit secular equations are deduced directly from this secular equation by using the incompressible limit technique. Based on the obtained secular equations, the effect of incompressibility and the sliding contact on the Raleigh wave propagation is considered through some numerical examples. It is shown that the incompressibility (of half-spaces and coating layers) and the sliding contact strongly affects the Raleigh wave velocity.
Successful pregnancy after natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pitarokoili Kalliopi , Hellwig Kerstin , Lukas Carsten , Gold Ralf
Published: November 2016

We report the case of a post-progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), multiple sclerosis (MS) patient with an uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery. A 28-year-old woman on natalizumab (total of 49 infusions) was diagnosed with PML due to typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical presentation. John Cunningham virus (JCV) was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Nine months after PML onset, JCV negativity in the CSF was observed. MS was stabilised with dimethyl fumarate (DMF), and 18 months later, a desired pregnancy was reported, resulting in the birth of a healthy boy. Our report gives new hope regarding family planning for post-PML patients.
A determination methodology for the spatial profile of the convective heat transfer coefficient on building components
Authors: Vereecken Evy , Janssen Hans , Roels Staf
Published: November 2016

Several experimental procedures have been established to determine the convective heat transfer coefficient, a frequently used parameter in many engineering disciplines. Almost all of these methodologies focus on point or spatially averaged values. Yet, in many studies the spatial profile of the local convective heat transfer is of importance. In this paper, a methodology to determine such spatial profile is proposed. In this method, experiments are combined with Monte Carlo simulations. Such an approach makes it possible to account for inaccuracies in the input data. As an example, the methodology is applied to determine the spatial profile of the local convective heat transfer coefficient near a corner for two thermal bridge configurations. The temperature difference between interior surface and indoor air is found to restrict the applicability of the method. Nonetheless, for the case with a sufficient temperature difference, the order of magnitude of the convective heat transfer coefficients further away from the corner is in line with literature data. An important limitation of the technique at this stage of its development is, however, its requirement for prior knowledge of the equation that describes the spatial profile of the convective heat transfer coefficient. Despite these drawbacks, the methodology shows much potential and can be valuable for other applications as well.
Multi-stage downscaling procedure to analyse the impact of exposure concentration in a factory on a specific worker through computational fluid dynamics modelling
Authors: Murga Alicia , Yoo Sung-Jun , Ito Kazuhide
Published: November 2016

Indoor air quality plays a significant role in human health, especially for those who spend the majority of their time indoors, as is the case of workers in the industrial field. The control of contaminants inside the occupational indoor environment becomes critically important for promoting health. In terms of Health Impact Assessment, indoor air quality inside a factory becomes an essential factor of industrial hygiene. Here, computational fluid dynamics-based indoor environmental design was applied to potentially evaluate the environmental quality in a factory and to improve industrial hygiene. In particular, this study proposes an integrated simulation procedure to predict the inhalation exposure concentration of a hazardous chemical compound (here, cyclohexanone) by using a multi-stage, one-way nesting method. This procedure connects a factory building space, a micro-climate around the human body, and a respiratory tract in the human body. This research provides quantitative and qualitative detailed information of contaminant dosing in workers. The exact inhalation dose of contaminants in the human airways can be estimated based on factory-environment conditions through this procedure. Subsequently, the average contaminant concentration in the work place and inside the human body can be calculated.
Dynamic Respiratory Tortuosity of the Vertebral Artery Ostium
Authors: Tang Xiaobin , Tang Feng , Hu Chang , Wang Qian , Long Whitney , Li Lei
Published: November 2016

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of dynamic respiratory tortuosity (DRT) of the vertebral artery ostium (VAO) as well as to evaluate its correlation with in-stent restenosis (ISR) and stent fracture. Methods: From March 2012 to June 2015, 178 consecutive patients (mean age 65.2±5.8 years; 124 men) with symptoms of atherosclerotic vertebrobasilar ischemia underwent angiography prior to stent implantation in the vertebral, subclavian, and/or carotid arteries. In this cohort, 54 patients (mean age 67.3±5.3 years; 40 men) had VAO stent implantation. Angiography of the vertebral artery was recorded in 2 phases with breath-hold: deep inspiration (DIP) and deep expiration (DEP). Obvious VAO tortuosity was defined as any VAO angle ≤120° in DIP. Obvious VAO-DRT was defined as any VAO angle increasing ≥60° from DIP to DEP. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography was used in follow-up to detect ISR and stent fracture. Results: Of the 178 patients in this study, 21 (11.8%) had obvious VAO tortuosity and 8 (4.5%) had obvious VAO-DRT. Two of the 21 patients with obvious VAO tortuosity also had obvious VAO-DRT. Three of the 54 VAO stent patients had VAO-DRT. There were no correlations between VAO-DRT and age, sex, risk factors, body mass index, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, or obvious VAO tortuosity (p>0.05). Over a mean follow-up of 28±10 months, there were 4 (7.4%) asymptomatic VAO ISR cases. Two (3.7%) were occlusions at 6 and 12 months, respectively; both were associated with stent fracture in patients with obvious VAO-DRT before stenting. Both stents fractured at the tortuous VAO region. VAO-DRT was correlated with stent fracture (Spearman ρ=0.81, p<0.01) and ISR (Spearman ρ=0.55, p<0.01). Conclusion: VAO-DRT could be a risk factor for stent fracture and restenosis after VAO stent implantation. Angiography in both inspiration and expiration phases, especially the latter, should be considered before VAO stenting. Using a shorter stent to avoid crossing the tortuosity could reduce the occurrence of fracture.
Joint Space Narrowing in Patients With Pisotriquetral Osteoarthritis
Authors: ten Berg Paul W. L. , Heeg Erik , Strackee Simon D. , Streekstra Geert J.
Published: November 2016

Background: Patients with suspected pisotriquetral osteoarthritis may show joint space narrowing. However, the extent of joint space narrowing and its deviation from the joint space width (JSW) in normal anatomy is unknown. In this pathoanatomic study, we therefore compared the JSW in the pisotriquetral joint between osteoarthritic patient wrists and healthy wrists. Methods: We reviewed preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans of 8 wrists of patients with ulnar-sided wrist pain who underwent a pisiformectomy with confirmed pisotriquetral osteoarthritis at surgery. We also reviewed CT scans of 20 normal wrists from healthy volunteers serving as control group. Three-dimensional CT models of the pisiform and triquetrum were obtained from both affected and normal wrists, after which the minimum JSW was calculated in an automated fashion. Results: In the patient group, the median (interquartile range) of the minimum JSW was 0.1 mm (0.0-0.2), and in the control group, 0.8 mm (0.3-0.9) ( P = .007). Conclusions: We showed that the pisotriquetral joint space in osteoarthritic patient wrists was significantly narrowed compared with healthy wrists. These results suggest that JSW evaluation has a potential diagnostic value in the work-up of patients with suspected pisotriquetral osteoarthritis. This is an interesting area for future clinical research, especially because no gold standard for diagnosing pisotriquetral osteoarthritis has been established yet.
Measurement for improvement
Authors: Dawda Paresh , Raymond Mareeni
Published: November 2016

In our first article on an introduction to quality improvement we discussed the philosophy and principles of quality improvement, and our second article discussed the model for improvement. In this article we discuss measurement for improvement, and how it differs from research and audit. We explore the selection, and types, of measures before explaining how to understand and analyse variation in your data in order to answer the question ‘How do we know a change is an improvement?’ posed by the model for improvement.
Temporal quantitative phosphoproteomics of ADP stimulation reveals novel central nodes in platelet activation and inhibition
Authors: Beck Florian , Geiger Jörg , Gambaryan Stepan , Solari Fiorella A. , Dell’Aica Margherita , Loroch Stefan , Mattheij Nadine J. , Mindukshev Igor , Pötz Oliver , Jurk Kerstin , Burkhart Julia M. , Fufezan Christian , Heemskerk Johan W. M. , Walter Ulrich , Zahedi René P. , Sickmann Albert
Published: November 2016

Key Points

Temporal profiles of >4000 phosphopeptides after stimulating human platelets (a) with ADP and (b) consecutively with ADP and Iloprost. Reciprocal phosphorylation profiles of ADP and Iloprost point to central players of platelet homeostasis.
Psychological, behavioral and social effects of disclosing Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers to research participants: a systematic review
Authors: Bemelmans S. A. S. A. , Tromp K. , Bunnik E. M. , Milne R. J. , Badger S. , Brayne C. , Schermer M. H. , Richard E.
Published: November 2016

Background

Current Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research initiatives focus on cognitively healthy individuals with biomarkers that are associated with the development of AD. It is unclear whether biomarker results should be returned to research participants and what the psychological, behavioral and social effects of disclosure are. This systematic review therefore examines the psychological, behavioral and social effects of disclosing genetic and nongenetic AD-related biomarkers to cognitively healthy research participants.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature search in eight scientific databases. Three independent reviewers screened the identified records and selected relevant articles. Results extracted from the included articles were aggregated and presented per effect group.

Results

Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the data synthesis. None of the identified studies examined the effects of disclosing nongenetic biomarkers. All studies but one concerned the disclosure of APOE genotype and were conducted in the USA. Study populations consisted largely of cognitively healthy first-degree relatives of AD patients. In this group, disclosure of an increased risk was not associated with anxiety, depression or changes in perceived risk in relation to family history. Disclosure of an increased risk did lead to an increase in specific test-related distress levels, health-related behavior changes and long-term care insurance uptake and possibly diminished memory functioning.

Conclusion

In cognitively healthy research participants with a first-degree relative with AD, disclosure of APOE ε4-positivity does not lead to elevated anxiety and depression levels, but does increase test-related distress and results in behavior changes concerning insurance and health. We did not find studies reporting the effects of disclosing nongenetic biomarkers and only one study included people without a family history of AD. Empirical studies on the effects of disclosing nongenetic biomarkers and of disclosure to persons without a family history of AD are urgently needed.

Trial registration

PROSPERO international prospective register for systematic reviews CRD42016035388. Registered 19 February 2016.
Under Adorno's Spell: Bann as Fundamental Concept Rather Than Mere Metaphor
Authors: Turner Christopher
Published: November 2016

This article explores Theodor W. Adorno's “central concept” of the Bann, generally translated as “spell” and understood as a suggestive, if vague, metaphor. Through etymological analysis and investigation into Adorno's use of it in several key texts, especially Negative Dialectics, an essential polysemy is revealed as necessary to an understanding of this most elusive of Adornian expressions. Explication of this polysemy establishes its relevancy for a deeper comprehension of Adorno's philosophical magnum opus and the Bann as a nonidentical conceptual formulation of the problematic project of identifying thinking.
A research note regarding "Variation in cancer risk among tissues can be explained by the number of stem cell divisions"
Authors: Tarabichi Maxime , Detours Vincent
Published: November 2016

Tomasetti and Vogelstein argued that 2/3 of human cancers are due to ‘bad luck’ and that “primary prevention measures [against cancer] are not likely to be very effective”. We demonstrate that their calculations for hepatocellular carcinomas overlooked a major subset of these cancers proven to be preventable through vaccination. The problem, which is not limited to hepatocellular carcinoma, arises from the general reliance of their analysis on average incidences in the United States and the omission of incidences in specific risk groups.
Hubungan Kadar Hepcidin dengan Status Besi pada Inflamasi Akibat Obesitas
Authors: Ridha Nadirah Rasyid , Daud Dasril
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Angka kejadian obesitas yang tinggi cenderung mengalami komplikasi jangka panjang, yaitu penyakit kardiovaskular, diabetes mellitus, dan gangguan homeostasis besi.Tujuan. Menilai hubungan kadar hepcidin dengan status besi akibat inflamasi pada anak obesitas.Metode. Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan desain potong lintang mengenai hubungan kadar hepcidin dengan status besi (feritin, sTfR) pada anak obesitas (IL-6, Hs-CRP). Subjek berasal dari siswa SMP Z di Makassar yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Penelitian berlangsung dari September sampai November 2012. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji student t dan Mann Whitney U dengan nilai kemaknaan p=0,05.Hasil. Jumlah subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi 20 anak obes, 20 superobes, dan 35 berat badan normal. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata kadar hepcidin pada obes dengan berat badan normal (p=0,850), tetapi terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata kadar hepcidin pada superobes dengan berat normal (p=0,012), rerata IL-6 antara obes dengan berat normal (p=0,01), superobes dengan berat normal (p=0,000), rerata hs-CRP antara obes dengan berat normal (p=0,004), superobes dengan berat normal (p=0,011). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata feritin dan sTfR antara superobes dan obes dengan berat normal (p=0,05).Kesimpulan. Pada anak superobes, terjadi peningkatan kadar hepcidin akibat inflamasi tetapi belum menyebabkan gangguan status besi. Sementara itu, pada obes terjadi inflamasi, tetapi belum menyebabkan peningkatan kadar hepcidin
Effect of steroidal saponins-loaded nano-bioglass/phosphatidylserine/collagen bone substitute on bone healing
Authors: Yang Chunrong , Wu Huazhong , Wang Jianhua
Published: November 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of nano-bioglass/phosphatidylserine/collagen (nBG/PS/COL) scaffolds loaded with steroidal saponins as an inducer factor for skeletal defects. The drugs-encapsulated bone substitute was prepared by loading steroidal saponins-collagen microsphere suspension in nano-bioglass and phosphatidylserine (PS) composite. The scaffolds possess an interconnected porous structure with a porosity of about 82.3%. The pore size ranges from several micrometers up to about 400 μm. The drug release assays showed the long-term sustained release of steroidal saponins from the scaffolds with effective and safe bioactivity. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies showed that the involvement of steroidal saponins contributed to the secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF) in MC3T3-E1 cells, which may be the possible factor that greatly enhanced bone healing. The results suggest that the bone substitute is an effective implantable drug-delivery system for use in bone repair.
Language norms and language use: Hypercorrections in the Independence period of Chilean Spanish
Authors: Rojas Darío , Avilés Tania
Published: November 2016

In this study we analyze ego-documents and metalinguistic texts from nineteenth century and early twentieth century Chilean Spanish showing a number of cases of phonetic-phonological hypercorrections. Our focus is the interaction between language-normative discourses and language use. We work with the assumption that hypercorrections are a symptom of the speakers’ linguistic consciousness regarding the norm and the (overt) prestige associated with certain variants, and thus they reveal the influence that normative ideas exert over language use. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Chilean Spanish underwent a process of linguistic standardization, which manifested itself through a number of ‘disciplinary texts’ (grammars, dictionaries) that offered an exoglossic normative model. Chilean Spanish differed from this normative model in a number of features which were subject to overt condemnation and also were precisely those affected by hypercorrection in our data.
Why we need a token-based typology: A case study of analytic and lexical causatives in fifteen European languages
Authors: Levshina Natalia
Published: November 2016

This paper investigates variation of lexical and analytic causatives in 15 European languages from the Germanic, Romance, and Slavic genera based on a multilingual parallel corpus of film subtitles. Using typological parameters of variation of causatives from the literature, this study tests which parameters are relevant for the choice between analytic and lexical causatives in the sample of languages. The main research question is whether the variation is constrained by one semantic dimension, namely, the conceptual integration of the causing and caused events, as suggested by previous research on iconicity in language, or whether several different semantic and syntactic factors are at play. To answer this question, I use an exploratory multivariate technique for categorical data (Multiple Correspondence Analysis with supplementary points) and conditional random forests, a nonparametric regression and classification method. The study demonstrates the importance of corpus data in testing typological hypotheses.
Joint Model for Mortality and Hospitalization
Authors: Chen Yuqi , Guo Wensheng , Kotanko Peter , Usvyat Len , Wang Yuedong
Published: November 2016

Modeling hospitalization is complicated because the follow-up time can be censored due to death. In this paper, we propose a shared frailty joint model for survival time and hospitalization. A random effect semi-parametric proportional hazard model is assumed for the survival time and conditional on the follow-up time, hospital admissions or total length of stay is modeled by a generalized linear model with a nonparametric offset function of the follow-up time. We assume that the hospitalization and the survival time are correlated through a latent subject-specific random frailty. The proposed model can be implemented using existing software such as SAS Proc NLMIXED. We demonstrate the feasibility through simulations. We apply our methods to study hospital admissions and total length of stay in a cohort of patients on hemodialysis. We identify age, albumin, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and vintage as significant risk factors for mortality, and age, gender, race, albumin, NLR, pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure (preSBP), interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) and equilibrated Kt/V (eKt/V) as significant risk factors for both hospital admissions and total length of stay. In addition, hospitalization admissions is positively associated with vintage.
Perinatal death associated with umbilical cord prolapse
Authors: Hehir Mark P. , Hartigan Lucia , Mahony Rhona
Published: November 2016

Objective:

Umbilical cord prolapse occurs when the cord prolapses ahead of or alongside the presenting part. It is an acute obstetric emergency with potential catastrophic effects. We set out to assess incidence of cord prolapse, as well as rates and characteristics of perinatal death associated with the condition.

Study design:

This was a retrospective cohort study. All recorded cases of cord prolapse were included, and rates of perinatal death and encephalopathy, as well as intrapartum and maternal characteristics were examined.

Results:

There were 156,130 deliveries at the hospital over the 20-year study period. Three hundred and seven cases of cord prolapse were identified (1.9/1000 deliveries). There was a decrease in the incidence of cord prolapse over the course of the study. The rate peaked in 1999 at 3.9/1000 and was just 0.8/1000 of all deliveries in 2007. The majority of cases (216/307, 70%) occurred in multiparas; however, nulliparous parturients were more likely to have a perinatal death [12% (11/91) vs. 4.6% (10/216)]. The rate of perinatal death in cases of cord prolapse was 6.8% (21/307). Over half of perinatal deaths (11/21) occurred in infants of mothers who presented with ruptured membranes, seven of these infants were already dead on reaching hospital. There was just one case of neonatal encephalopathy associated with cord prolapse, giving an incidence of 0.32%.

Conclusion:

Cord prolapse carries a significant risk of perinatal death, approximately 7%. The corresponding rate of encephalopathy is low. A significant number of deaths were diagnosed on presentation to hospital and were not deemed preventable.
Optical transmission theory for metal-insulator-metal periodic nanostructures
Authors: Blanchard-Dionne Andre-Pierre , Meunier Michel
Published: November 2016

A semi-analytical formalism for the optical properties of a metal-insulator-metal periodic nanostructure using coupled-mode theory is presented. This structure consists in a dielectric layer in between two metallic layers with periodic one-dimensional nanoslit corrugation. The model is developed using multiple-scattering formalism, which defines transmission and reflection coefficients for each of the interface as a semi-infinite medium. Total transmission is then calculated using a summation of the multiple paths of light inside the structure. This method allows finding an exact solution for the transmission problem in every dimension regime, as long as a sufficient number of diffraction orders and guided modes are considered for the structure. The resonant modes of the structure are found to be related to the metallic slab only and to a combination of both the metallic slab and dielectric layer. This model also allows describing the resonant behavior of the system in the limit of a small dielectric layer, for which discontinuities in the dispersion curves are found. These discontinuities result from the out-of-phase interference of the different diffraction orders of the system, which account for field interaction for both inner interfaces of the structure.
Unintended Consequences of Wearable Sensor Use in Healthcare
Authors: McCaldin D. , Wang K. , Schreier G. , Lovell N.H. , Marschollek M. , Redmond S.J. , Schukat M.
Published: November 2016

Objectives: As wearable sensors take the consumer market by storm, and medical device manufacturers move to make their devices wireless and appropriate for ambulatory use, this revolution brings with it some unintended consequences, which we aim to discuss in this paper.

Methods: We discuss some important unintended consequences, both beneficial and unwanted, which relate to: modifications of behavior; creation and use of big data sets; new security vulnerabilities; and unforeseen challenges faced by regulatory authorities, struggling to keep pace with recent innovations.

Where possible, we proposed potential solutions to unwanted consequences.

Results: Intelligent and inclusive design processes may mitigate unintended modifications in behavior. For big data, legislating access to and use of these data will be a legal and political challenge in the years ahead, as we trade the health benefits of wearable sensors against the risk to our privacy. The wireless and personal nature of wearable sensors also exposes them to a number of unique security vulnerabilities. Regulation plays an important role in managing these security risks, but also has the dual responsibility of ensuring that wearable devices are fit for purpose. However, the burden of validating the function and security of medical devices is becoming infeasible for regulators, given the many software apps and wearable sensors entering the market each year, which are only a subset of an even larger ‘internet of things’. Conclusion: Wearable sensors may serve to improve wellbeing, but we must be vigilant against the occurrence of unintended consequences. With collaboration between device manufacturers, regulators, and end-users, we balance the risk of unintended consequences occurring against the incredible benefit that wearable sensors promise to bring to the world.
Impact of Patient-centered eHealth Applications on Patient Outcomes: A Review on the Mediating Influence of Human Factor Issues
Authors: Wildenbos G.A. , Peute L.W. , Jaspers M.W.M.
Published: November 2016

Objectives: To examine the evidence of the impact of patient-centered eHealth applications on patient care and to analyze if and how reported human factor issues mediated the outcomes.

Methods: We searched PubMed (2014-2015) for studies evaluating the impact of patient-centered eHealth applications on patient care (behavior change, self-efficacy, and patient health-related outcomes). The Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS 2.0) model was used as a guidance framework to identify the reported human factors possibly impacting the effectiveness of an eHealth intervention.

Results: Of the 348 potentially relevant papers, 10 papers were included for data analysis. None of the 10 papers reported a negative impact of the eHealth intervention. Seven papers involved a randomized controlled trial (RCT) study. Six of these RCTs reported a positive impact of the eHealth intervention on patient care. All 10 papers reported on human factor issues possibly mediating effects of patient-centered eHealth. Human factors involved patient characteristics, perceived social support, and (type of) interaction between patient and provider.

Conclusion: While the amount of patient-centered eHealth interventions increases, many questions remain as to whether and to what extent human factors mediate their use and impact. Future research should adopt a formal theory-driven approach towards human factors when investigating those factors’ influence on the effectiveness of these interventions. Insights could then be used to better tailor the content and design of eHealth solutions according to patient user profiles, so as to enhance eHealth interventions impact on patient behavior, self-efficacy, and health-related outcomes.
The Genetics of Axon Guidance and Axon Regeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Chisholm Andrew D , Hutter Harald , Jin Yishi , Wadsworth William G
Published: November 2016

The correct wiring of neuronal circuits depends on outgrowth and guidance of neuronal processes during development. In the past two decades, great progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of axon outgrowth and guidance. Genetic analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans has played a key role in elucidating conserved pathways regulating axon guidance, including Netrin signaling, the slit Slit/Robo pathway, Wnt signaling, and others. Axon guidance factors were first identified by screens for mutations affecting animal behavior, and by direct visual screens for axon guidance defects. Genetic analysis of these pathways has revealed the complex and combinatorial nature of guidance cues, and has delineated how cues guide growth cones via receptor activity and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Several axon guidance pathways also affect directed migrations of non-neuronal cells in C. elegans, with implications for normal and pathological cell migrations in situations such as tumor metastasis. The small number of neurons and highly stereotyped axonal architecture of the C. elegans nervous system allow analysis of axon guidance at the level of single identified axons, and permit in vivo tests of prevailing models of axon guidance. C. elegans axons also have a robust capacity to undergo regenerative regrowth after precise laser injury (axotomy). Although such axon regrowth shares some similarities with developmental axon outgrowth, screens for regrowth mutants have revealed regeneration-specific pathways and factors that were not identified in developmental screens. Several areas remain poorly understood, including how major axon tracts are formed in the embryo, and the function of axon regeneration in the natural environment.
Pathway-Structured Predictive Model for Cancer Survival Prediction: A Two-Stage Approach
Authors: Zhang Xinyan , Li Yan , Akinyemiju Tomi , Ojesina Akinyemi I , Buckhaults Phillip , Liu Nianjun , Xu Bo , Yi Nengjun
Published: November 2016

Heterogeneity in terms of tumor characteristics, prognosis, and survival among cancer patients has been a persistent problem for many decades. Currently, prognosis and outcome predictions are made based on clinical factors and/or by incorporating molecular profiling data. However, inaccurate prognosis and prediction may result by using only clinical or molecular information directly. One of the main shortcomings of past studies is the failure to incorporate prior biological information into the predictive model, given strong evidence of the pathway-based genetic nature of cancer, i.e., the potential for oncogenes to be grouped into pathways based on biological functions such as cell survival, proliferation, and metastatic dissemination. To address this problem, we propose a two-stage approach to incorporate pathway information into the prognostic modeling using large-scale gene expression data. In the first stage, we fit all predictors within each pathway using the penalized Cox model and Bayesian hierarchical Cox model. In the second stage, we combine the cross-validated prognostic scores of all pathways obtained in the first stage as new predictors to build an integrated prognostic model for prediction. We apply the proposed method to analyze two independent breast and ovarian cancer datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), predicting overall survival using large-scale gene expression profiling data. The results from both datasets show that the proposed approach not only improves survival prediction compared with the alternative analyses that ignore the pathway information, but also identifies significant biological pathways.
Modeling Human Population Separation History Using Physically Phased Genomes
Authors: Song Shiya , Sliwerska Elzbieta , Emery Sarah , Kidd Jeffrey M
Published: November 2016

Phased haplotype sequences are a key component in many population genetic analyses since variation in haplotypes reflects the action of recombination, selection, and changes in population size. In humans, haplotypes are typically estimated from unphased sequence or genotyping data using statistical models applied to large reference panels. To assess the importance of correct haplotype phase on population history inference, we performed fosmid pool sequencing and resolved phased haplotypes of five individuals from diverse African populations (including Yoruba, Esan, Gambia, Maasai, and Mende). We physically phased 98% of heterozygous SNPs into haplotype-resolved blocks, obtaining a block N50 of 1 Mbp. We combined these data with additional phased genomes from San, Mbuti, Gujarati, and Centre de’Etude du Polymorphism Humain European populations and analyzed population size and separation history using the pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent and multiple sequentially Markovian coalescent models. We find that statistically phased haplotypes yield a more recent split-time estimation compared with experimentally phased haplotypes. To better interpret patterns of cross-population coalescence, we implemented an approximate Bayesian computation approach to estimate population split times and migration rates by fitting the distribution of coalescent times inferred between two haplotypes, one from each population, to a standard isolation-with-migration model. We inferred that the separation between hunter-gatherer populations and other populations happened ∼120–140 KYA, with gene flow continuing until 30–40 KYA; separation between west-African and out-of-African populations happened ∼70–80 KYA; while the separation between Maasai and out-of-African populations happened ∼50 KYA.