bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey of the Ancient Monuments of Skipness
Authors: Graham Angus
Published: March 2023

An inventory of the monuments of Skipness which is the east part of the north end of the Kintyre peninsula. The monuments are classified as mediaeval buildings, hillforts, turf huts, burial places, stones and miscellaneous. The turf huts comprise upwards of seventy examples ranging from single buildings to 'villages'. It is argued that they have a lengthy period of use. Some are associated with bloomeries and iron smelting. House platforms are included in the miscellaneous category.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

The usual business was conducted at the Anniversary meeting, including the election of new Fellows and the presentation of a list of deceased Fellows. Other reports presented included: A report on the number of Fellows on the Society’s Roll Brief obituaries for some of the Fellows who died in the previous year, including Honorary Fellow Professor HaverfieldA note on the change in Directorship of the Society’s museumA report on the progress of the Society’s forthcoming publicationsA report on the re-starting of the Society’s excavations in ScotlandA report on the items added to the Society’s museum and library collections over the previous sessionA note on the next Rhind LecturesThe Treasurer presented the Annual Report on the Society’s finances

 

Meeting notes for 8 December, 1919 are appended.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

The usual business was conducted at the Anniversary meeting, including the election of new Fellows and the presentation of a list of deceased Fellows. Other reports presented included: A report on the number of Fellows on the Society’s Roll Brief obituaries for some of the Fellows who died in the previous year: Robert Munro, Erskine Beveridge, Lord Guthrie, Dr William Gemmell and Rev James Primrose.A report on the progress of the Society’s forthcoming publicationsA report on the items added to the Society’s museum and library collections over the previous sessionA report on the Society’s excavations in ScotlandIt is noted that the Rhind lectures in this year were given by Mrs Eugénie Strong on ‘Painting in the Roman Empire (from the last century of the Republic to about 800 AD)’. Mrs Strong was the first woman to deliver the Rhind lectures.The Treasurer then presented the Annual Report on the Society’s finances.

 

Meeting notes for 13 December, 1920 are appended. Miss Alice H Warrender donated many artefacts from around Scotland that were collected by Lady A J Scott of Spottiswood.

 

[The journal notes that a paper titled 'Roman Bronze vessels of the casserole type, found at Barochan, Renfrewshire' by David Murray was delivered but the content of the communication was not recorded.]
A Hoard of Bronze Age Implements found at Cullerne, near Findhorn, Morayshire
Authors: Callander J Graham
Published: March 2023

The hoard consisted of two spearheads, a socketed axe, a socketed, curved tool, and a razor. It was discovered by workmen while digging a drain. The hoard is important since it confirms deductions which have been made from previous discoveries. It almost certainly contains the weapons and instruments of a single individual, perhaps his complete kit of metal tools. Both the curved tool and the razor are quite rare in Scotland.
Ancient Remains at Birnam, Perthshire
Authors: McLaren Thomas
Published: March 2023

Duncan's Camp is a fort which occupies Duncan's Hill. The camp is roughly oval and it main axis running north-south is eighty yards in length. There are artificial defences on the north side while the others are naturally steep. On the upper surface of a large bench of undisturbed rock at Birnam Hill which slopes slightly towards the west is a group of twenty cup-marks, most of which are well formed and deeply cut. A detached mass nearby has three cup marks. Rohallion Castle lies in a hollow on the hillside completely dominated by a rocky eminence less than 100 yards\r\naway and its dimensions are very much smaller than is customary in ancient Scottish defensive buildings. It consists of a central block, oblong on plan with round towers at two diagonally opposite corners, and a series of outer defences.
The Hill Fort on the Barmekin of Echt, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Simpson W Douglas
Published: March 2023

The Barmekin fort consists of five concentric lines of defence, the inner enclosing a roughly circular courtyard, about 340 feet in diameter. The stone defences are well constructed and as much as twelve feet thick and five feet high. A number of stone\r\ntraverses connect the two inner walls to restrict movement of any possible intruders. There are three possible entranceways. No trace of hut-circles survives within.
Relics of the Family of Innes of Balnacraig and Ballogie, Aberdeenshire, including a Portrait of Prince Charles Edward Stuart
Authors: Stirton John
Published: March 2023

The items reported include a 17th-century prayer book which belonged to Lewis Innes, Almoner to Queen Mary of Modena, Consort of King James II and VII, a manuscript account of the life of Father Henry Innes, a birth-brief in favour of Walter Innes who was in the service of Queen Henrietta Maria, consort of Charles I, when resident in Paris. The portrait of Prince Charles Edward Stuart as a youth was a a gift from the Chevalier de St George to Lewis Innes, shortly before the death of the latter in 1738.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 14 February 1921.
Notes on a Chalice Veil in the National Museum of Antiquities
Authors: Start Laura E
Published: March 2023

This piece of sixteenth-century embroidery is an example of an almost unique kind, its decoration consisting solely of an embroidered text used as a border and enclosed between lines of fine stitching and drawn-thread work. A rather elaborately plaited tassel still decorates one corner of the cloth. From the torn condition of the other corners, it seems likely that at one time each was weighted by a tassel, and this possibility, combined with the number of rows of stitching and grouping of the drawn-thread border and the use of a text as the decorative motive, make it almost certain that the linen was intended for use as a chalice veil. The beginning of the quotation is marked by a heart worked in silver foil outlined with crimson silk and runs, " cal upon me cayeth the lord in tym of the trebil and i sal delyvir the and thou sal honour me."

-

Note: The chalice veil is currently on display in the National Museum of Scotland on Level 1, Scotland Galleries, Kingdom of the Scots, Reformed Church
Ancient Wooden Trap from the Moss of Auquharney, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Reid R W
Published: March 2023

The trap was found in peat and comprises a body made of alder, a movable flap or door made of birch, a bow and two pegs made of willow. With the exception of a horn of Bos Longifrons found 300 feet away no other artefacts were found. The construction is practically identical with twelve univalvular wooden traps found in Ireland and Wales.
Cup-marked Stones in Strathtay, Perthshire
Authors: Dixon John H
Published: March 2023

Cup-marked stones at a variety of sites are described. The stone at Bailandun is partly embedded in a burial mound. At Balnabeggan the stone has 59 cups, some of which are connected by grooves. Stones from Glen Brerachan and Balvaran which were previously reported are illustrated here. A stone known as the Priest's Basin has a 'cup' measuring 2 feet in width and is thought to have an Early Christian origin.
Two Trials for Witchcraft
Authors: Murray Margaret A
Published: March 2023

Many objections have been raised as to the value of the evidence given by witches. It is argued that a questionary was drawn up by the inquisitors and used by all witch-hunters, hence the similarity in the accounts. Records of two trials are presented in full: Alexander Hamilton in Edinburgh, 1630 and Lillias Adie in Torryburn, 1704.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 56

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1922

List of Corresponding members 1922

List of Honorary members November 1922

List of the Lady Associates November 1922

Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

The usual business was conducted at the Anniversary meeting, including the election of new Fellows and the presentation of a list of deceased Fellows. Other reports presented included: A report on the number of Fellows on the Society’s Roll Brief obituaries for some of the Fellows who died in the previous yearA report on the progress of the Society’s forthcoming publicationsA report on the items added to the Society’s museum and library collections over the previous sessionA report on the Society’s excavations in ScotlandA note on the Rhind LecturesTreasurer then presented the Annual Report on the Society’s finances.

 

Meeting notes for 11 December, 1922 are appended.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 12 March 1923.
A Roman Inscription found at Jedburgh, and some Roman Sculptures recently presented to the National Museum
Authors: MacDonald George
Published: March 2023

The inscription was found on a fragment of a stone which had originally been part of an altar. The altar was set up by the First Cohort of Vardulli, an auxiliary regiment which long helped to garrison Britain, and by its then commanding officer, G. Quiritius Severus who it is argued, was a native of Ravenna. The fragment may have come from a fort of which no trace now survives. Two sculptured stones re-used in a building at Croy are also described. One of these is inscribed with a legend dedicated to Victory.
Notes on the Duirinish Communion Cups
Authors: MacLeod Fred T
Published: March 2023

This paper is intended as a correction to an earlier published account and relates entirely to the question of who the original donor of the cups was and to which parish the presentation was made. The arms which appear on the cups, including the stag's head, were borne by Sir Rory Mor MacLeod of Dunvegan. They appear on an old gourd or water-bottle which has been in the possession of the MacLeods of Dunvegan from the time of Sir Rory Mor, and is preserved to-day in the castle among the relics of that chief. He received the honour of knighthood in London in the year 1613, the date of the hall-mark on the cups. It is highly probable that on his return to Skye he brought with him the cups for presentation to the parish of\r\nDuirinish for the use of the church he worshipped in.
A Short Cist containing a Food-vessel and Human Remains at Bridgeness, West Lothian. With a Report on the Skeletal Remains
Authors: Callander J Graham , Bryce Thomas H
Published: March 2023

During the early Bronze Age the site had proved attractive as two short cists of this period, each containing an urn of the food-vessel type, have now been discovered on it. A third and smaller cist filled with earth was also found between the others. Besides these a human skeleton without any enclosing structure was recently found, but there was nothing associated with it by which its period could be determined. In addition to the cists mentioned, another containing unburnt human remains and a food-vessel was unearthed at Cowdenhill about 300 yards to the west. The latest cist contained two skeletons and a complete urn. The skeletons were a young adult male and a child aged around seven years.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

The usual business was conducted including the election of new Fellows and the presentation of a list of deceased Fellows. Other reports presented included:A report on the number of Fellows on the Society’s RollBrief obituaries for some of the Fellows who died in the previous year, including Lord Abercromby of Aboukir and TullibodyA report on the progress of the Society’s forthcoming publicationsA report on the items added to the Society’s museum and library collections over the previous sessionA report on the Society’s excavations in ScotlandA note on the Rhind Lectures and the Chalmers-Jervise PrizeTreasurer then presented the Annual Report on the Society’s finances.

 

Meeting notes for 8 December, 1924 are appended.
Earth-House or Galleried Building near Durness, Sutherland
Authors: Mathieson John
Published: March 2023

Tigh nan Fiarnain consists of a roughly circular drystone chamber with a annexe abutting on the south-west. six pillars supported the roof of the structure. There is an entrance but no passageway.
Exploration of a Cairn on Canna
Authors: Lethbridge Thomas C
Published: March 2023

The cairn was one of a pair of small structures standing on the foreshore. When the outer layer of stones had been removed, the mound was found to consist of alternating bands of red and black soil. The black soil was full of charcoal, and the red consisted of some burnt clay-like material. it is suggested that the whole probably represents the remains of a funeral pyre scraped up and covered by a heap of stones. No urn or cist was discovered. Artefacts comprised pottery, a thumb scraper, a hammer-stone and burnt bone which was thought to be animal.
Notes on a Group of Chipped Stone Implements from Roxburghshire and Berwickshire
Authors: Corrie John M
Published: March 2023

This class of artefact comprises small stone implements which are wholly or partially chipped round the edges from one face only. They have been found in a number of locations in Roxburghshire and Berwickshire.
Some Carved Stones from Argyll
Authors: Graham Angus
Published: March 2023

The article describes a cross-shaft at Kilmore, Dervaig; a cross-shaft at Pennygowan; a slab and fragments of two others at Tobermory; two slabs at Kilinailean, and another at Kilninian, all in Mull; and a slab at Kilmory, Knapdale; another at Kilfinan, Cowal; and two fragments at Saddell, Kintyre, all on the mainland.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 8 February 1926.
Note on Three Metal Matrices of Seals (of apparently the thirteenth century or thereby) in the National Museum of Antiquities, which bear the Emblem of the Stag-head Cabossed
Authors: Stevenson J H
Published: March 2023

An account of three seals all of which show a stag-head accompanied by a lesser figure of one kind or another between the stag's horns. Although in two cases the owners are identified as Ralph Westhouse and Nicolas de Galway no references to either man have been traced. The owner of the third seal found at Epsom is unknown.
Three Crosses in the South-west of Scotland
Authors: Anderson R S G
Published: March 2023

An account of three fragmented cross slabs all thought to be of 10th-century date from Carleton, Glasserton and Fardenreoch. The Carleton slab has a cross decoration similar in form to an example from St Ninian's Cave. The cross-head at Glasserton is of the Whithorn type while the Fardenreoch example has a rope, plait and twist ornament uncommon in Scotland.
Notes on Lulach's Stone, Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire; a Symbol Stone recently found in Mortlach Churchyard, Banffshire; and other Antiquities
Authors: Simpson W Douglas
Published: March 2023

The standing stone is said to mark the place where Lulach, stepson of Macbeth, was overtaken and killed after his father's defeat and death at Lumphanan (15th August 1057). The upper symbol on the stone is the familiar 'elephant' while the other is indecipherable. The church is believed to have its origins in the 6th century. The nearby 'Battle Stone' has on one side a Celtic cross between two fish-like monsters facing each other on top and a grotesque beast at the base, while on the other side are a bird, a serpent, and an ox's skull, and a horseman with his hound. A stone in Botriphnie churchyard, Banffshire has an incised cross of the equal armed, wheeled and shafted type. The contents from a midden at the monastery on St Serf's Island, Lochleven are described along with the topography of Balcastle Motte.
Unrecorded Scottish Wood Carvings
Authors: Richardson James S
Published: March 2023

The article presents a gazetteer of lesser known examples of medieval Scottish wood carving from across Scotland. Items of both Gothic and Renaissance character are considered. The objects include carved panels in churches, aumbrie doors and railings.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 11 January 1926.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 10 January 1927.
Notes on some Relics from Orkney exhibited before the Society
Authors: Marwick James G
Published: March 2023

The objects comprise a smoothing glass from the Hillock of Howe, near Stromness, a stone ring from Stenness, a perforated stone from Sandwick and an old stone lamp from Flotta.
An Underground Building at Dale, Harray, Orkney
Authors: Kirkness William
Published: March 2023

The structure was a sub-oval chamber with five stone pillars which supported a roof of broad stone slabs. It was covered by an earthen mound. Artefacts comprised worked stones including a saddle quern. Two long cists found below the mound which extended beyond the limits of the structure contained only fragments of human bone.
Cist Burials in Holm, Orkney
Authors: Marwick Hugh , Bryce Thomas H
Published: March 2023

Two stone cists were found side by side. The larger of the two was of superior construction. Two long flags had been placed longitudinally on the lid stone to lean against each other like the roof of a house with a flat stone on the ridge formed by the two stones. This cist contained the remains of a crouched skeleton and a cremation burial. The smaller cist contained the remains of a disarticulated skeleton.
On a Jet Necklace from a Cist at Poltalloch, Argyll
Authors: Craw John Hewat
Published: March 2023

Report on the excavation of two stone cists, one of which contained a cremation, a flint knife, a jet necklace, charcoal and ochre. The second contained a skeleton, a Food Vessel, flint, ochre and charcoal. Four long cists found nearby contained human skeletons.
Scottish Neolithic Pottery
Authors: Callander J Graham
Published: March 2023

A review of all extant pottery from both domestic and funerary sites including old and new discoveries with reference to associated artefacts and human remains.
Ardlui Megaliths and their Associations; Crosses at Luib and Alloway and a Short cist at Ednam, Roxburghshire
Authors: Lacaille A D
Published: March 2023

The article considers the use of megaliths and large boulders as markers for boundaries and meeting places and the traditions surrounding them in the Loch Lomond area. An incised cross pillar at Suie is thought to be early Christian. In Alloway, the relationship of crosses at Cambusdoon and Blairston with Mungo's Well are considered. A short cist discovered at Ednam contained a crouched skeleton and a worked flint.
More Cross-Slabs from the Isle of Man
Authors: Kermode P M C
Published: March 2023

A description of thirteen newly discovered carved slabs from a variety of sites.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

The usual business of the meeting was conducted including the election of new Fellows and the presentation of a list of deceased Fellows. Other reports presented included:A report on the number of Fellows on the Society’s RollBrief obituaries for some of the Fellows who died in the previous yearA report on the progress of the Society’s forthcoming publicationsA report on the items added to the Society’s museum and library collections over the previous sessionA report on the Society’s excavations in ScotlandA note on the Rhind Lectures and the Chalmers-Jervise PrizeTreasurer then presented the Annual Report on the Society’s finances. Meeting notes for 9 December, 1929 are appended.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 13 January 1930.
The Nether Largie Chambered Cairn, Kilmartin, Argyll
Authors: Mitchell Margaret E Crichton
Published: March 2023

The main chamber and two secondary cists were excavated by Canon Greenwell in 1864. This report provides a detailed description of the surviving remains and their condition, alongside illustrations by Mr R Dickinson. Although, the cairn has been badly denuded, Crichton Mitchell highlights its importance as an interesting example of Neolithic burial in Scotland.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 12 May 1930.
The Roman Camp at Channelkirk, Berwickshire
Authors: Craw John Hewat
Published: March 2023

Excavation of the largely obliterated Roman camp found evidence of a possible pre-Roman defensive structure.
Craig Castle and the Kirk of Auchindoir, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Simpson W Douglas
Published: March 2023

A detailed account of the history of Auchindoir including a cup marked rock at Cuttiesburn, an earthwork at Cnoc Cailliche, the motte and church of Auchindoir.The architectural history of Craig Castle is presented in great detail.
The Gordons of Craig
Authors: Bulloch John Malcolm
Published: March 2023

The family history of the Gordons of Craig who were landowners in Aberdeenshire and beyond.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 64

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1930

List of Corresponding members 1930

List of Honorary members November 1930

List of the Lady Associates November 1930

Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications
The Bannatyne or Bute Mazer and its Carved Bone Cover
Authors: Stevenson J H , Crichton Lionel A , Brook William , Ritchie James , Smith W Wright
Published: March 2023

The mazer, or medieval drinking cup, is an ornate example of its type, comprising wood, carved bone and silver with many heraldic symbols. The names of Robert and Ninian Bannatyne of Kames are engraved on a silver band encircling the edge of the cup.
An Underground Building at Midhouse, Orkney; Two Urns found at Lintlaw, Berwickshire; and the Excavation of a Cairn at Drumelzier, Peeblesshire
Authors: Craw John Hewat
Published: March 2023

The structure at Midhouse was a stone-built chamber with passageway. No artefacts were recovered. At Lintlaw two inverted urns containing cremated human bone were found in close proximity to a cist containing charcoal and a fragment of burnt bone. The cairn at Drumelzier covered seven cists. Artefacts included six urns, cremated human bone, worked flint, a jet armlet and a whetstone. A slab with carved ring markings was also found.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Before the meeting began, the Chairman announced the death of a long-standing member of the Society, Victor A Noel Paton. A brief obituary was read. This is followed by the meeting notes for 13 April 1931.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 11 January 1932.
Corn Bykes of Caithness
Authors: Dunbar L Duffus
Published: March 2023

A byke was a method of storing corn which was preserved in stacks in the shape of beehives thatched in a circular shape. The last recorded example dates from 1910.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 8 February 1932.
Cross-slabs recently discovered at Fowlis Wester and Millport
Authors: Waddell J Jeffrey
Published: March 2023

Three early Christian carved stones were discovered during restoration work at the church of Fowlis Wester, Crieff, Perthshire. The best preserved of the three is elaborately carved with symbols including a cross, an animal and a possible sword. A carved stone discovered in the parish manse garden on the island of Millport, Cumbrae, Buteshire has among other symbols, interlacing strands forming a cross.
The Perth Psalter
Authors: Eeles Francis C
Published: March 2023

A discussion which includes a complete transcript of all the entries in the Psalter.
Inscription on a Cross from Kilchoman, Islay
Authors: Watson W J
Published: March 2023

The inscription which includes both Latin and Gaelic is linked to a 15th century individual.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 67

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1933

List of Corresponding members 1933

List of Honorary members November 1933

List of the Lady Associates November 1933

Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications`
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 12 February 1934.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

The usual business of the meeting was conducted including the election of new Fellows and the presentation of a list of deceased Fellows. The President then delivered the Anniversary Address.
Notes on Scottish Coins: (1) Rex Scottorum Pennies of David II.; (2) Edinburgh Light Groats of Robert III.; (3) Some James II. Groats of the Third Variety of the Fleur-de-lis Groats; and (4) Gilbert Kirkwood's Mark on a Gold Coin of James V
Authors: Dakers C H
Published: March 2023

All the coin types are described in detail and an attempt is made to classify them typologically. Some previously unpublished coins are included.
The Experimental Production of the Phenomena Distinctive of Virtified Forts
Authors: Childe V Gordon , Thorneycroft Wallace
Published: March 2023

The term vitrified is applied to those forts in Scotland or abroad that comprise within their ramparts broken stones fused together to form a solid mass. The extent of such vitrifaction varies enormously from site to site. The idea that the combustion of the walls would generate a temperature between 800Â° C. and 1100Â° C. such as was necessary to melt the stones employed at Rahoy and Finavon was tested by experiment. An essential moment in the production of vitrifaction is the conversion of the wood into charcoal by a process of distillation in which heat is absorbed by the timbers. It is only after the completion of this endothermic reaction that the combustion of the resultant charcoal under suitable conditions of ventilation and in contact with the stones produces the high temperature needed to fuse the rocks.
Excavations of Iron-Age dwellings on the Calf of Eday in Orkney
Authors: Calder Charles S T
Published: March 2023

Further excavations of a group of Iron Age dwellings. The largest is a substantial stone-built circular structure identified as a 'potter's workshop' due to the large quantity of associated pottery and peat fires within. Three less substantial circular structures are located close by. The fourth stone-built structure is rectangular and thought to be of later date. The excavator identified two phases of occupation. Animal bone and worked stone were present.
An earth-house at Gripps, Frotoft, Rousay, Orkney
Authors: Grant Walter G
Published: March 2023

An earth-house discovered during plough comprised a passageway into a widened chamber with clay walls and a slabbed roof. A small quantity of pottery and a hammer stone were among the few artefacts.
Two Scottish Thirteenth-century songs, with the original melodies, recently discovered in Sweden
Authors: Beveridge John
Published: March 2023

Two previously unrecorded Scottish songs were contained within a parchment manuscript of 13th century date. One was a hymn sung at the wedding of Princess Margaret of Scotland to King Eric of Norway at Bergen in 1281. The other was a hymn in praise of St Magnus, Earl of Orkney, who died in 1115 and was enshrined in 1135. He was the patron saint of Orkney, and in his honour the Cathedral of Kirkwall was built and dedicated.
Notes: (1) Rock Scribings at Hawthornden, Midlothian
Authors: Childe V Gordon , Taylor John
Published: March 2023

A series of pecked carvings in the natural rock face survive in a shallow recess or shelter in a cliff above the river Esk. Designs include circles, triangles, vertical grooves and spirals. They are compared to examples of rock art from Ireland.
An Iron Age site at Aignish, near Sternoway
Authors: Curwen E Cecil
Published: March 2023

The remains of an Iron Age site comprised a hearth between the footings for two small walls and a midden heap. Find included pottery sherds, a bone comb, animal bone, a large iron rivet, a flat piece of iron and bloomery cinder.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

The Anniversary meeting was not held in person due to the War. This continued throughout the year and the Society held no meetings during this session. Instead, the preceding Council remained in office. A list of newly elected Fellows was presented, as was a list of deceased Fellows and a report on how this affected the Society's roll overall. Other reports presented included:A report on the Society’s publicationsA report on the items added to the Society’s museum and library collections over the previous sessionA report on the Society’s grants for excavations in Scotland
Donations to and purchases for the Museum, 1939-40
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

A list of acquisitions for the Society's museum from 1939 – 1940.
Scottish micro-burins
Authors: Lacaille A D
Published: March 2023

A review of current knowledge of Scottish micro-burins considers distribution, typology, technology, notched flakes, function and materials used. In addition, aspects of the English gun-flint industry as related to micro-burin technique are presented.
Further urns and cremation burials from Brackmont Mill, near Leuchars, Fife
Authors: Childe V Gordon , Waterston David
Published: March 2023

A report on further discoveries from the urnfield at Brackmont Mill comprises a catalogue of the urns and the cremated human remains. A total of eighteen burials have been revealed. Two of the urns contained incense cups and a third contained an ivory buckle.
Notes: (7) The Water-Gate Passage at Kildrummy Castle
Authors: Simpson W Douglas
Published: March 2023

The results of excavation are presented. The passage is cut into the steep slope on the north side of the castle, with which it has no direct communication, the upper end opening in a small triangular platform of ground between the edge of the slope, the north curtain wall and the north-east tower. Access to this platform was obtained from the castle by a postern, secured with a portcullis and covered by the tower.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

At the Anniversary meeting a list of newly elected Fellows was presented, as was a list of deceased Fellows and a report on how this affected the Society's roll overall. Other reports presented included:A report on the Society’s publicationsA report on the items added to the Society’s museum and library collections A note on the Rhind Lectures 1943
Notes: (5) A Bronze Age Food Vessel from Finnart Hill, South Ayrshire
Authors: Anderson R S G
Published: March 2023

A Food Vessel was found in a short cist within a small cairn. There were no human remains.
Notes: (5) An Early British Bronze Finger Ring from Forfar
Authors: Edwards Arthur J H
Published: March 2023

The ring is made of cast bronze. The hoop is plain and very nearly circular. The bezel is circular and contains a triskele ornament in openwork design. The ring does not fall into line with any known examples, but the fact that the material from which it was\r\nmade is bronze, and the unusual openwork triskele decoration, suggested an early date.
Notes: (6) Burials near Blackness Castle
Authors: Low Alexander
Published: March 2023

In digging a ditch on the crest of the ridge at the extremity of which stands\r\nBlackness Castle, two burials came to light. One grave contained cremated remains, the other unburnt bones which appear to have been accompanied by a bowl-shaped Food Vessel. The 'inhumation' is in fact two adult individuals, while the cremated bone comprises parts of an adult and a child.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 79

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows, Corresponding members, Honorary Fellows, Etc., November 1945

Lady Associate

Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications
Notes: (5) Old Windmill at Whithorn, Wigtownshire
Authors: Greenhill F A
Published: March 2023

A windmill depicted in a water-colour view of Whithorn in 1825 has been linked to a local landmark known as the "Windmill Stump". It consists of the shell of a two-storey circular building of brown sandstone, with some red brick, about 22 feet in height, with an iron railing about 3 feet high running round the top. On the western side is an outer staircase of stone leading from ground-level to the first floor, of which only a few odd timbers remain.
Notes on Some Northumbrian 'Peles.'
Authors: Graham Angus
Published: March 2023

A survey by the RCAHMS identified a small group of buildings of a distinctive type not previously known in Scotland. No more than four certain examples have been discovered, and all of them are concentrated in quite a small area on and near the head of Jed Water in Roxbughshire. They are known in much larger numbers in Northumberland. These houses are stone built barn like structures with gable-ends of two storeys, or sometimes three.
Notice of Two Standing Stones (one with Pictish Symbols) on the Lands of Peterhead Farm, near Gleneagles, Perthshire
Authors: Calder Charles S T
Published: March 2023

Description of two prehistoric standing stones, one of which displays incised Pictish symbols comprising a goose and a rectangular grid.
Note on the Bluidy Banner or Haughhead Banner
Authors: Mein E M
Published: March 2023

A brief assessment of the provenance and authenticity of a well known Covenanting banner.
A Stone Age Settlement at the Braes of Rinyo, Rousay, Orkney. (Second Report)
Authors: Childe V Gordon , Grant Walter G
Published: March 2023

Further excavation of stone built domestic structures and associated features revealed in 1937-8. Features included internal divisions, floor surfaces, hearths, drains and a post hole.Finds included decorated pottery, burnt bone, skaill knives, hammer stones, rubbers, a macehead, bone tools, worked flints and charcoal.
Notes: (4) Some Late Bronze Age Burial Cairns at Musselburgh
Authors: Stevenson Robert B K
Published: March 2023

During the laying of drains and other services a cinerary urn was struck in the middle of January 1947. This had been covered by a low burial cairn. Part of a second cairn was revealed about 20 feet to the west and remains of cremation burials were found among its stones. A second cinerary urn was also revealed. A further four burials comprised un-urned cremated bone. A third highly disturbed cairn was identified 140 yards south-south-east of the first.
Notes: (7) New Vitrified Forts
Authors: Graham Angus
Published: March 2023

A note on the discovery of two new vitrified forts from western Ross where they were previously unknown.
Some Observations on the Brochs
Authors: Graham Angus
Published: March 2023

Discussion of the distribution and physical features of the brochs of Scotland. All known structures are listed in an appendix.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

At the Anniversary meeting a list of newly elected Fellows was presented, as was a list of deceased Fellows and a report on how this affected the Society's roll overall. Other reports presented included:A note on the change of the Society’s meetings schedule and annual subscriptionA report on the Society’s publicationsA report on the Society’s museum and library collections A report on the excavations that took place during the preceding sessionA note on the Rhind LecturesThe Treasurer then presented the Society’s accounts.
Donations to and purchases for the Museum and Library, 1953-1954 and 1954-1955
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

A list of acquisitions for the Society's museum and library from 1953 – 1954 and 1954 – 1955. Appended are details of Society meetings held in 1953 – 1954.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 88

Table of contents

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

Office-bearers of the Society 1955-6
The Gaulcross hoard of Pictish silver
Authors: Stevenson Robert B K , Emery John
Published: March 2023

This hoard of three silver objects found in the cairn of a stone circle at Ley, Fordyce, Banffs, c 1840 and only previously known from drawings and notes made by J Stuart in 1867, is published for the first time. The objects in the hoard, conventionally termed 'Pictish', consist of a hand-pin with hair-spring spirals terminating in animal heads and (on the reverse) punched circles; a spiral bracelet of convex-section broad silver ribbon; and a complex chain. The first two are paralleled in the Norrie's Law hoard. An attempt to reproduce the chain in a modern workshop showed that even with a specially made die and punch no exact replica of the fine linking could be made. It is unique in Pictish contexts in Britain, but parallels are known in the late Viking age in Scandinavia.
Excavations at Underhoull, Unst, Shetland
Authors: Small Alan
Published: March 2023

A site near the Broch of Underhoull had three periods of occupation, the earliest indicated by a very fragmentary hut floor and associated narrow souterrain; on a similar horizon were pottery fragments comparable with some from Jarlshof (EIA phase). The second occupation, indicated by a hut floor with two hearths, had industrial purposes, including iron working and manufacture of stone vessels. Amber and cannel coal were among the prolific small finds: a clear stratigraphical break divided this horizon from the Viking occupation, when a level platform was constructed for an almost boat-shaped longhouse paralleled at Jarlshof (Norse 1). Mixed farming was carried on and pebble line-sinkers suggest fishing. Soapstone vessels did duty for pottery, as at Jarlshof. This occupation seems to have begun in 9th cent and flourished in 10th. A few of the finds from all periods are figured.
Excavations at Linlithgow palace, West Lothian, 1966-7
Authors: Laing Lloyd R
Published: March 2023

NT 774002. Rescue excavations failed to determine the nature and position of Edward I's peel, but produced a good sequence of stratified 13th-17th cent pottery. Previous finds indicate some 2nd cent Roman occupation of the site. The earliest medieval occupation consisted of a 12th cent stone church and a royal manor house, which was repaired or rebuilt and defended by Edward I for his 1301-2 campaigns; a surviving indenture shows that an encircling ditch and peel was to incorporate the church as part of the defences, with a second (lesser) ditch and peel round the promontory. Timber was to be used for the most part, but the accounts suggest some stonework in the main defences. After 1314 the peel probably fell into decay and was subject to robbing. On the same lines in 1650-51 Cromwell built a stone wall, dismantled in 1663. Appended is an interim report on current problems of Scottish medieval pottery, discussing the Northern cooking pot and mapping "Leuchars" ware (12th-late 13th cents).
Donations to and purchases for the Museum and Library, 1966-1967
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

A list of acquisitions for the Society's museum and library from 1966 – 1967. Appended are details of Society meetings held in 1966 – 1967.
Dynamic Feedback Between Antidepressant Placebo Expectancies and Mood
Authors: Peciña Marta , Chen Jiazhou , Karp Jordan F. , Dombrovski Alexandre Y.
Published: March 2023

Importance

Despite high antidepressant placebo response rates, the mechanisms underlying the persistence of antidepressant placebo effects are still poorly understood.

Objective

To investigate the neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying the evolution of antidepressant placebo effects using a reinforcement learning (RL) framework.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this acute within-patient cross-sectional study of antidepressant placebos, patients aged 18 to 55 years not receiving medication for major depressive disorder (MDD) were recruited at the University of Pittsburgh between February 21, 2017, to March 1, 2021.

Interventions

The antidepressant placebo functional magnetic resonance imaging task manipulates placebo-associated expectancies using visually cued fast-acting antidepressant infusions and controls their reinforcement with sham visual neurofeedback while assessing expected and experienced mood improvement.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The trial-by-trial evolution of expectancies and mood was examined using multilevel modeling and RL, relating model-predicted signals to spatiotemporal dynamics of blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) response.

Results

A bayesian RL model comparison in 60 individuals (mean [SE] age, 24.5 [0.8] years; 51 females [85%]) with MDD revealed that antidepressant placebo trial-wise expectancies were updated by composite learning signals multiplexing sensory evidence (neurofeedback) and trial-wise mood (bayesian omnibus risk <0.001; exceedance probability = 97%). Placebo expectancy, neurofeedback manipulations, and composite learning signals modulated the visual cortex and dorsal attention network (threshold-free cluster enhancement [TFCE] = 1 − P >.95). As participants anticipated antidepressant infusions, learned placebo expectancies modulated the salience network (SN, TFCE = 1 – P >.95), positively scaling with depression severity.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this cross-sectional study suggest that on a timescale of minutes, antidepressant placebo effects were maintained by positive feedback loops between expectancies and mood improvement. During learning, representations of placebos and their perceived effects were enhanced in primary and secondary sensory cortices. Latent learned placebo expectancies were encoded in the SN.
Occupation shapes cognition? The case of restaurant ticket collectors' working memory updating ability
Authors: Zhao Xin , Jin Liang , Xiaoliang Zhu , Maes Joseph H. R.
Published: March 2023

Previous research revealed associations between an individual's occupation and cognitive abilities. However, the underlying causal relation is not always clear and only few studies focused on a critical component of executive functioning, namely working memory updating (WMU). Study 1 examined whether restaurant ticket collectors (N = 53) have a better WMU ability compared to a group of security guards (N = 49) that was matched on relevant variables. Study 2 examined transfer effects of a computerized working memory training program in students. The program simulated elements of a restaurant ticket collector's daily work requirements. In Study 1, the ticket collectors performed better than the guards on WMU tasks. In Study 2, using an active control group (N = 33) as comparison, the trained students (N = 33) displayed beneficial training effects on transfer WMU tasks but not on general intelligence tasks. The results support the general notion of repeated experience with occupation‐specific demands affecting specific objectively‐assessed cognitive abilities.
California Burning: Architecture's Pyrocene Future
Authors: Stoner Jill
Published: March 2023

As our planet gets hotter, California suffers the devastating effects of increasingly large annual wildfires. However, in honouring the wisdom of the trees, Berkeley architecture professor and writer Jill Stoner describes how, contrary to popular belief, such pyrotechnic events have many advantages for ecological diversity.
Extra‐disciplinary Dreams Journeys Into the Foothills
Authors: Flood Heather , Gensler Aaron
Published: March 2023

Over the years, architects have experimented with cross‐disciplinary practices, techniques and concepts to enable them to push the boundaries of their work. At the Woodbury School of Architecture, faculty and students are actively encouraged to take this path. Interim Dean Heather Flood and Chair Aaron Gensler describe some recent successful work and its various individual preoccupations.
There's Something in the Air: Authorship, the Hand and the Machine
Authors: Coffman Courtney
Published: March 2023

Princeton University School of Architecture's Courtney Coffman investigates the architectural and artistic adventures of Ball‐Nogues Studio and its very hands‐on approach to material production. The aim of the studio's work is to engage viewers and encourage them to bring their own perceptions and multiple vantage points to reading it. A mastery of digital and fabrication techniques is therefore crucial to the operation of the studio.
Skin and Bones: Pushing the Event Horizon
Authors: Menuhin Eva
Published: March 2023

Architect Alexis Rochas, founder of Stereobot, has a history of producing spectacular light shows and urban interventions using space‐frame technology. Art and architecture writer Eva Menuhin records the firm's creative trajectory and further explores their recent developments, using the same techniques, that can provide homes for those hit by disaster, whether financial or physical, or both.
In the Mood for Love: Chromophilia Unbound
Authors: Benyamin Jasmine
Published: March 2023

Colour has again exploded on the architectural scene, nowhere more markedly than in California. Jasmine Benyamin, a lecturer at the University of Southern California School of Architecture, examines the chromatically ambitious designs of Atelier Manferdini, whose visually saturated projects enliven building interiors and urban streetscapes alike. Not since the halcyon days of postmodernism have we witnessed such exuberant panoramas.
Influence of Radial Stiffness Gradients on Porous Composite Bulk Mechanics
Authors: Abed Melissa R. , Archibeck Erin S. , Isied Roger S. , Feteih Yarah , O’Connell Grace D. , Gu Grace X.
Published: March 2023

Functionally gradient materials, characterized by a smooth compositional change over space, have gained attention in recent years due to their tunable properties and ability to reduce mechanical stress concentrations. Specifically, attaining high stiffness without compromising toughness is a challenge, as the properties are inversely related. Varying moduli gradients, as seen abundantly in biological materials, do not present this trade‐off, facilitating increased rigidity without altering maximum elongation. Herein, the application of stiffness gradients in porous structures is investigated through compressive mechanical testing, computerized tomography imaging, and finite element modeling. Gradients are compared to several alternative designs to investigate the importance of a smooth material transition and increased radial stiffness. All groups are compressed to 50% strain and the pre‐ and postpore closure modulus, toughness, and dimensional change in the transverse and radial directions are measured. The findings indicate that a mechanical gradient with increasing radial stiffness allows for balance of mechanical integrity and favorable recovery characteristics, crucial for long‐lasting performance. Furthermore, the structures with an increasing radial stiffness outperform those with a decreasing radial stiffness in all aspects. The results emphasize the mechanical advantages and optimization potential of a radial stiffness gradient for a wide range of load‐bearing applications.