bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient Satisfaction with Physicians and Nurse Practitioners in Multiple Sclerosis Centers
Authors: Thotam Smitha Mary , Buhse Marijean
Published: October 2019

Background:

With the predicted shortage of neurologists, care of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may be affected. Nurse practitioners (NPs) have successfully filled the provider gaps in a variety of care settings, with positive effects on care outcomes, including patient satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to determine patient satisfaction with physicians (MDs) and NPs in MS centers.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional pilot study wherein a convenience sample was recruited from two MS centers. Demographic data were collected previsit, and satisfaction surveys were completed postvisit using the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (PSQ-18) and the Visit-Specific Satisfaction Instrument (VSQ-9). Different attributes of satisfaction and visit times were analyzed.

Results:

Patient satisfaction with both types of providers was high. All attributes of satisfaction were comparable for NPs and MDs, and they spent similar amounts of time with their patients, often exceeding the scheduled office visit duration. Encounter length was a strong determinant of patient satisfaction: VSQ-9 scores were significantly lower (P = .01) when duration was less than 20 minutes. Satisfaction was higher (P = .011) in patients who were diagnosed as having MS for 10 years or longer or had progressive MS, irrespective of provider type.

Conclusions:

This pilot study showed that use of standardized questionnaires to determine patient satisfaction with NPs and MDs was feasible. With the impending neurologist shortage and the increased MS prevalence, a collaborative team approach between NPs and MDs may improve access to care in MS centers without compromising patient satisfaction.
AGROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L) IN UKRAINE UNDER CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS
Authors: MELNYK Andrii , ZHERDETSKA Svetlana , MELNYK Tatiana , SHABIR Ghulam , ALI Shahid
Published: October 2019

The market for oilseeds in Ukraine is a large segment of the general market foragricultural products. Mustard (Brassica junceaL) is an oilseed crop that canrestore the optimal ratio of crops in crop rotation and not reduce the rates ofeconomic activity. Ukraine is among the top ten world leaders in its cultivation.The warming trends observed over the last 30 years in the world and in Ukraine,allow growing of mustard throughout the country. Consequently, it becamenecessary to develop varietal technologies for growing mustard for specific soiland climatic conditions. The objective of this research was to develop cultivationtechnology for Brassica junceaL in the conditions of the north-eastern foreststeppeof Ukraine for the first time. We studied the influence of weather conditionson the peculiarities of growth, development, formation of biomass, photosyntheticactivity, productivity indices, yield, seed quality, oil production, depending on thevariety, sowing time, seeding rates and fertilizer for growing bluish mustard.According to research results, for the formation of 1.71-1.91 t/ha of bluish mustardseeds in the conditions of the north-eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine on typicalblack soil, the cultivation technology should include: use of seeds of modern highyieldingadapted varieties; start sowing at soil temperature of 4-5 o C at a depth of10 cm; the rate of fertilizer N30P30K30 (during pre-sowing cultivation) and seedingrates of the varieties Prima - 1.5 million pieces/ha, and Retro -2.0 millionpieces/ha.
Embryo polarity in moth flies and mosquitoes relies on distinct old genes with localized transcript isoforms
Authors: Yoon Yoseop , Klomp Jeff , Martin-Martin Ines , Criscione Frank , Calvo Eric , Ribeiro Jose , Schmidt-Ott Urs
Published: October 2019

Unrelated genes establish head-to-tail polarity in embryos of different fly species, raising the question of how they evolve this function. We show that in moth flies (Clogmia, Lutzomyia), a maternal transcript isoform of odd-paired (Zic) is localized in the anterior egg and adopted the role of anterior determinant without essential protein change. Additionally, Clogmia lost maternal germ plasm, which contributes to embryo polarity in fruit flies (Drosophila). In culicine (Culex, Aedes) and anopheline mosquitoes (Anopheles), embryo polarity rests on a previously unnamed zinc finger gene (cucoid), or pangolin (dTcf), respectively. These genes also localize an alternative transcript isoform at the anterior egg pole. Basal-branching crane flies (Nephrotoma) also enrich maternal pangolin transcript at the anterior egg pole, suggesting that pangolin functioned as ancestral axis determinant in flies. In conclusion, flies evolved an unexpected diversity of anterior determinants, and alternative transcript isoforms with distinct expression can adopt fundamentally distinct developmental roles.
Multiplex live single-cell transcriptional analysis demarcates cellular functional heterogeneity
Authors: Atmanli Ayhan , Hu Dongjian , Deiman Frederik Ernst , van de Vrugt Annebel Marjolein , Cherbonneau François , Black Lauren Deems , Domian Ibrahim John
Published: October 2019

A fundamental goal in the biological sciences is to determine how individual cells with varied gene expression profiles and diverse functional characteristics contribute to development, physiology, and disease. Here, we report a novel strategy to assess gene expression and cell physiology in single living cells. Our approach utilizes fluorescently labeled mRNA-specific anti-sense RNA probes and dsRNA-binding protein to identify the expression of specific genes in real-time at single-cell resolution via FRET. We use this technology to identify distinct myocardial subpopulations expressing the structural proteins myosin heavy chain α and myosin light chain 2a in real-time during early differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. We combine this live-cell gene expression analysis with detailed physiologic phenotyping to capture the functional evolution of these early myocardial subpopulations during lineage specification and diversification. This live-cell mRNA imaging approach will have wide ranging application wherever heterogeneity plays an important biological role.
Epistasis and entrenchment of drug resistance in HIV-1 subtype B
Authors: Biswas Avik , Haldane Allan , Arnold Eddy , Levy Ronald M
Published: October 2019

The development of drug resistance in HIV is the result of primary mutations whose effects on viral fitness depend on the entire genetic background, a phenomenon called ‘epistasis’. Based on protein sequences derived from drug-experienced patients in the Stanford HIV database, we use a co-evolutionary (Potts) Hamiltonian model to provide direct confirmation of epistasis involving many simultaneous mutations. Building on earlier work, we show that primary mutations leading to drug resistance can become highly favored (or entrenched) by the complex mutation patterns arising in response to drug therapy despite being disfavored in the wild-type background, and provide the first confirmation of entrenchment for all three drug-target proteins: protease, reverse transcriptase, and integrase; a comparative analysis reveals that NNRTI-induced mutations behave differently from the others. We further show that the likelihood of resistance mutations can vary widely in patient populations, and from the population average compared to specific molecular clones.
Looking into nerve damage in the cornea
Authors: Gadjeva Mihaela
Published: October 2019

Interactions between T helper cells and the complement system promote loss of sensory neurons in the eye.
Chikungunya Virus Infection-associated Arthralgia in Adult Jamaicans Post-outbreak
Authors: O’Sullivan O , Campbell T , Darby A , Mourillon N , Campbell J , Melbourne T , Green V , Jackson MD
Published: October 2019

Objective: To report demographic and self-reported clinical characteristics associated with persistent and severe arthralgia 8–12 months post-chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 306 adults who self-reported CHIKV infection was conducted. Subjects were consecutively enrolled at public primary healthcare centres in urban and rural areas in Jamaica. Adults with arthralgic conditions were compared with those who reported no arthralgia. Binary logistic regression models were used to determine demographic and self-reported clinical factors associated with severe arthralgia and persistent arthralgia. Results: Most subjects (70.3%) reported arthralgia after CHIKV outbreak (age: 47.6 ± 18.5 years). Medical consultation (36.2%) and laboratory confirmation (1.4%) were low. The prevalence of persistent and severe arthralgia in the previous month was 30.3% and 27.5%, respectively. Severe arthralgia was associated with the female gender (odds ratio (OR): 2.44; 95% confidence level (CI): 1.08, 5.52) and pre-existing arthritis (OR: 3.78; 95% CI: 1.23, 11.62). Females showed a greater likelihood of persistent arthralgia (OR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.09, 4.39). Conclusion: Self-perceived arthralgia was an important feature 8–12 months post-CHIKV infection and has implications for the recognition and management of arthritis/rheumatic conditions.
Nursing Professionals’ Perspective on Occupational Risks and Work Accidents in The Sterilization and Materials Processing Center / Visão dos Profissionais de Enfermagem Quanto aos Riscos Ocupacionais e Acidentes de Trabalho na Central de Material e Esterilização
Authors: Carvalho Herica Emilia Félix , Silva Vanessa de Fátima Magalhães , Silva Dandara Leticia da , Ribeiro Ivonizete Pires , Oliveira Adélia Dalva da Silva , Madeira Maria Zélia de Araújo
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: explorar a visão dos profissionais de enfermagem quanto aos riscos ocupacionais e acidentes ocupacionais na Central de Material Esterilização. Método: estudo qualitativo exploratório realizado em um hospital de referência do estado do Piauí, com 12 profissionais de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados no mês de maio de 2017, utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturada e a análise dos dados foi realizada pelo Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultado: Emergiram três temas: Riscos presentes no ambiente de trabalho; A visão da Equipe de Enfermagem sobre os acidentes na CME e Assistência prestada aos profissionais acidentados. Conclusão: percebeu-se que os participantes estão cientes de que as atividades nesta unidade requerem o uso adequado de equipamento de proteção individual para protegê-los dos riscos e acidentes de trabalho, no entanto o processo de educação continuada precisa ser valorizado e periodicamente efetivado para maior segurança e valorização da equipe e melhorar do processo de trabalho.
Knowledge, Behaviour and Health Practices of Men Concerning the Prostate Cancer / Conhecimento, Comportamento e Práticas em Saúde do Homem em Relação ao Câncer de Próstata
Authors: Faller Jossiana Wilke , Menezes Roberta , Menezes Mariana , Teston Elen Ferraz , Matumoto Silvia
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Descrever o conhecimento, o comportamento e as práticas em relação ao câncer de próstata em adultos. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, realizado com 130 homens. A coleta de dados ocorreu no primeiro semestre de 2015, por meio do Modelo de Crenças em Saúde. Resultados: Embora relatem conhecimento sobre o câncer, 30% realizam a dosagem do Antígeno Prostático Específico e 17,6% o exame de toque retal anualmente. A maioria percebe a susceptibilidade e a severidade do câncer e acredita que é capaz de fazer algo por si mesmo, beneficiando-se com esses cuidados. Quanto às barreiras, 16,9% apresentaram comportamento não preventivo. Conclusão: O medo da dor, a vergonha e a falta de coragem para realizar o exame constituem barreiras a esses indivíduos. A equipe de saúde deve oportunizar abordagens considerando esses aspectos, utilizando estratégias que ampliem o acesso dos homens ao serviço de saúde e estimulem a prática do autocuidado.
Sexuality in The Perception of Adolescents Sudents Of The Public School: Contribution To The Care / Sexualidade na Percepção de Adolescentes Estudantes da Rede Pública de Ensino: Contribuição para o Cuidado
Authors: Ferreira Ediane de Andrade , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Pereira Audrey Vidal , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Santos Márcia Vieira dos , Gabrielloni Maria Cristina
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: discutir a percepção de adolescentes acerca da sexualidade no espaço escolar. Método: estudo descritivo e exploratório, de natureza qualitativa, realizado com quarenta e seis adolescentes em três escolas públicas do município de Macapá, capital do Estado do Amapá. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de entrevistas realizadas com a autorização dos respectivos responsáveis, posteriormente transcritos e submetidos à análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: Obteve-se a formação da seguinte categoria: a sexualidade no cotidiano dos adolescentes - um desafio para a educação sexual e reprodutiva, em que foi trabalhado estes aspectos: a sexualidade relacionada ao ato de gerar filhos; o desconhecimento dos adolescentes acerca da saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Conclusão: torna-se relevante a aproximação entre profissionais da educação e saúde para reverem as práticas pedagógicas ofertadas aos estudantes, sendo necessário avaliar as metodologias aplicadas e buscar novas propostas que alcancem as necessidades de informações necessárias para que adolescentes.
Material Support, Family And Care Towards Crack Users / Apoio Material, Família e Cuidado as Pessoas que Utilizam Crack
Authors: De Pinho Leandro Barbosa , Schneider Jacó Fernando , Kantorski Luciane Prado , Siniak Débora Schlotefeldt , Da Silva Aline Basso , Medeiros Rafael Gil
Published: October 2019

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o apoio material recebido por familiares no cuidado as pessoas que utilizam crack. MÉTODO: Estudo qualitativo, do tipo estudo de caso, realizado com três familiares, entre os meses de outubro à novembro de 2013 em uma cidade da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS. RESULTADOS: Identificou-se que o apoio material é sustentado pela presença das redes informais, ou seja, da própria família e colegas de trabalho. O recurso financeiro é fundamental para sobrevivência e manutenção das necessidades cotidianas dos familiares. CONCLUSÃO: As redes de apoio funcionam como estratégia no enfrentamento da situação do uso do crack dentro da família. Ressalta-se a importância de explorarmos essas redes no contexto dos serviços de saúde mental, com vistas a potencializar o cuidado para fora dos serviços.
Drug Interactions in Elderly People Making use of oral Anticoagulants and Hospitalized in a Cardiology Hospital / Interações Medicamentosas nos Idosos em uso de Anticoagulantes Orais Internados num Hospital Cardiológico
Authors: Cheno Maysa Yukari , Cardilli Carolina Vieira Cagnacci , Kobayashi Rika Miyahara
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Relacionar as interações medicamentosas dos anticoagulantes orais com os medicamentos utilizados por idosos internados em hospital cardiológico. Métodos: Estudo exploratório, prospectivo, com 16 idosos em uso de anticoagulantes orais, internados numa instituição cardiológica governamental de São Paulo entre novembro e dezembro de 2017. Resultados: Dentre 73 medicamentos prescritos e analisados no Micromedex 2.0, 24 (33,3%) interagiam com a Varfarina, único anticoagulante oral prescrito. Encontrou-se Omeprazol (70;97,2%); Dipirona (68;94,4%); Sinvastatina (43;59,72%); Enoxaparina (42;58,33%); Amiodarona (29;40,27%); Sertralina (28;38,88%); Espironolactona (21;29,16%); e Atenolol (11;15,27%), cujas interações poderiam potencializar ou inibir a ação anticoagulante. Das interações, 14 (58,33%) eram de gravidade moderada, 10 (41,66%) maior e 14 (58,33%) de efeito rápido. Conclusão: A polifarmácia e o uso de anticoagulante oral em idosos cardiopatas é comum e, conhecer as interações medicamentosas, é imperativa, considerando que potencializam ou diminuem a ação anticoagulante, com gravidade maior ou moderada.Descritores: Anticoagulação, Idoso, Hospitalização, Interações de Medicamentos
Controlling the Vector Aedes Aegypti and Handling Dengue Fever Bearing Patients / Controle do Vetor Aedes Aegypti e Manejo dos Pacientes com Dengue
Authors: Cavalli Filipe Steimbach , Seben Jeronimo Tocchetto , Busato Maria Assunta , Lutinski Junir Antonio , Andrioli Denise Catarina
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Identificar as ações adotadas de combate ao vetor e as formas de manejo dos pacientes com sinais e sintomas de alarme para dengue grave. Métodos: Estudo que descreve, na percepção dos profissionais de saúde que atenderam pacientes com suspeita de dengue, os aspectos semiológicos e fisiopatológicos da doença. Apresenta a percepção dos Agentes de Combate a Endemias e Agentes Comunitários de Saúde sobre a eficiência das medidas de controle do vetor. Resultados: Os profissionais de saúde procedem o cuidado conforme orientações da Organização Mundial da Saúde. A maior parte da população contribui com a eliminação dos criadouros do mosquito. Imóveis fechados e o difícil acesso têm sido os principais desafios para o controle do vetor. Conclusão: Esses serviços precisam estar atentos às tendências dessa doença para rapidamente conseguir detectar mudanças em seu perfil e orientar ações de controle.
Social Participation in Health and the Nursing Role: Using the Ecological Model / Participação Social Na Saúde e o Papel da Enfermagem: Aplicação do Modelo Ecológico
Authors: Ferreira Amanda Guimarães , De Carvalho Deciane Pintanela , Barlem Edison Luiz Devos , Rocha Laurelize Pereira , Da Silva Mara Regina Santos , Vaz Marta Regina Cezar
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: identificar os elementos do modelo ecológico na análise da produção científica acerca da participação social na saúde e o papel da enfermagem. Método: revisão integrativa, tendo como questão norteadora quais elementos do modelo ecológico são identificados na produção científica acerca da participação social na saúde e o papel da enfermagem? Os artigos foram selecionados por meio de critérios de inclusão e exclusão pré-estabelecidos, obtendo-se 19 estudos para síntese. Resultados: evidenciaram-se elementos individuais, organizacionais e ambientais do Modelo Ecológico, possibilitando a identificação da participação social na saúde e o papel da enfermagem, por meio do pensamento ecológico, conscientização ambiental e de saúde, mudanças de comportamentos e estilos de vida, além  do envolvimento da comunidade, instituições de saúde, universidades e profissionais de saúde nessa promoção. Conclusão: a Enfermagem deve incentivar a participação social, tomada de decisões de cuidados e implementação de políticas públicas, promovendo a conscientização.
MXene‐Bonded Flexible Hard Carbon Film as Anode for Stable Na/K‐Ion Storage
Authors: Sun Ning , Zhu Qizhen , Anasori Babak , Zhang Peng , Liu Huan , Gogotsi Yury , Xu Bin
Published: October 2019

Hard carbon (HC) is a promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), but the volume change during the insertion/extraction of Na+ or K+ limits the cycle life, especially for PIBs due to the large ion size of K+. Moreover, the conventional anodes fabricated through the coating method cannot satisfy the requirement of flexible devices. Here, it is shown that 2D carbide flakes of Ti3C2Tx MXene can be used as multifunctional conductive binders for flexible HC electrodes. The use of MXene nanosheets eliminates the need for all the electrochemically inactive components in the conventional polyvinylidene fluoride–bonded HC electrode, including polymer binders, conductive additives, and current collectors. In MXene‐bonded HC electrodes, conductive and hydrophilic MXene 2D nanosheets construct a 3D network, which can effectively stabilize the electrode structure and accommodate the volume expansion of HC during the charge/discharge process, leading to an enhanced electrode capacity and excellent cycle performance as anodes for both SIBs and PIBs. Benefiting from the 3D conductive network, the MXene‐bonded HC film electrodes also present improved rate capability, indicating MXene is a very promising multifunctional binder for next‐generation flexible secondary rechargeable batteries.
Precision Imprinted Nanostructural Wood
Authors: Huang Dafang , Wu Jiayang , Chen Chaoji , Fu Xinxin , Brozena Alexandra H. , Zhang Yan , Gu Ping , Li Chen , Yuan Changsheng , Ge Haixiong , Lu Minghui , Zhu Mingwei , Hu Liangbing , Chen Yanfeng
Published: October 2019

Wood is a ubiquitous material, widely used in human society, that features naturally abundant, aligned longitudinal cells (e.g., tracheids in softwood and fibers/vessels in hardwood) with diameters of ≈50–1000 µm. Here, the realization of, fine patterns on a wood surface ranging in size from 40 nm to 50 µm by precision imprinting is described. The precision imprinting is enabled by releasing cellulose fibril aggregates from the bondage of lignin through the delignification process, then imprinting in wet condition and fixing the designed configuration in the dry state. Various precision structures on a wood surface using imprinting technology, including dot arrays, lines, triangular features, and other complex patterns, are successfully demonstrated. Even multiscale structures with nanosized lines on the surface of micrometer hemiballs can be acquired. As a proof of concept, the use of surface‐imprinted wood as a microlens array (MLA), which exhibits superior imaging ability and thermal stability even at a high temperature up to 150 °C compared with traditional polystyrene MLA, is demonstrated. This precision imprinted wood may open new possibilities toward environmentally friendly devices and applications in optics, biology, electronics, etc.
Improving Alkylamine Incorporation in Porous Polymer Networks through Dopant Incorporation
Authors: Day Gregory S. , Drake Hannah F. , Joseph Elizabeth A. , Bosch Mathieu , Tan Kui , Willman Jeremy A. , Carretier Valentin , Perry Zachary , Burtner William , Banerjee Sayan , Ozdemir Osman K. , Zhou Hong‐Cai
Published: October 2019

The industrial scale capture of CO2 from flue gas streams is becoming an increasingly important environmental issue. However, many of the existing CO2 capture systems either have regenerative energy demands that are too high or are cost prohibitive. A promising solution is the utilization of functionalized solid sorbents, such as porous polymer networks (PPNs). PPNs are attractive due to their inherent structural stability, flexibility, high surface areas, and ability to incorporate various functional groups within the chemical scaffold. Herein, a low cost, scalable alternative to common carbon capture systems using a series of robust mesoporous melamine‐formaldehyde resins (mPMFs) loaded with active alkylamine sorbents is presented, which is dubbed as the PPN‐150 family. The variants within this material class are differentiated based on the incorporation of functionalized dopants; small molecules added at low molar percent concentrations to impart additional functionality into the PPN in order to achieve low cost noncovalent tethering of alkylamines. The cyanuric acid doped PPN‐151‐DETA (DETA = diethylenetriamine) demonstrate unique features such as improved cycling capacity and heat of adsorption. To show its scalability, PPN‐151‐DETA is successfully synthesized at the 250 g scale without loss of the sorbent properties.
Applied and Translational Research on Trauma‐Responsive Programs and Policy: Introduction to a Special Issue of the American Journal of Community Psychology
Authors: Herrenkohl Todd I. , Mersky Joshua P. , Topitzes James
Published: October 2019

Highlights

Trauma in children and adults is prevalent.

Advances in trauma‐informed programs, practices, and systems are necessary.

Articles appearing in the special issue cover a range of topics and areas in trauma approaches.
Hairy cell leukemia: 2020 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment
Authors: Maitre Elsa , Cornet Edouard , Troussard Xavier
Published: October 2019

Disease overview

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and HCL‐like disorders, including HCL variant (HCL‐V) and splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma (SDRPL), are a very heterogeneous group of mature lymphoid B‐cell disorders. They are characterized by the identification of hairy cells, a specific genetic profile, a different clinical course and the need for appropriate treatment.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of HCL is based on morphological evidence of hairy cells, an HCL immunologic score of three or four based on the CD11C, CD103, CD123, and CD25 expression. Also, the trephine biopsy which makes it possible to specify the degree of tumoral medullary infiltration and the presence of BRAF V600E somatic mutation.

Risk stratification

Progression of patients with HCL is based on a large splenomegaly, leukocytosis, a high number of hairy cells in the peripheral blood and the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene mutational status. The VH4‐34 positive HCL cases are associated with poor prognosis.

Treatment

Risk adapted therapy with purine nucleoside analogs (PNA) are indicated in symptomatic first line HCL patients. The use of PNA followed by rituximab represents an alternative option. Management of progressive or refractory disease is based on the use of BRAF inhibitors associated or not with MEK inhibitors, recombinant immunoconjugates targeting CD22 or BCR inhibitors.
Outlining key inflammation‐associated parameters during early phase of an experimental gram‐negative sepsis model in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Rosado‐Franco Jose J. , Ramos‐Benitez Marcos J. , Parodi Laura M. , Rosario Derick , Compo Nicole , Giavedoni Luis D. , Espino Ana M.
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to identify inflammation‐associated markers during the early phase of sepsis in rhesus macaque. Four rhesus macaques were given an intravenous dose of 1010 CFU/kg of E. coli. Blood samples were collected before, or 30 minutes, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after E. coli infusion. Physiological parameters, bacteremia, endotoxemia, C‐reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and plasma cytokines/chemokines were determined for each animal. Bacteremia was present in all animals from 30 minutes to 3 hours after E. coli infusion whereas endotoxin was detected during the full‐time course. CRP and PCT levels remained at detectable levels during the whole experimental window suggesting an ongoing inflammatory process. Signature cytokines and chemokines such as TNF‐α, MIP‐1α, and MIP‐1β peaked about 2 hours after E. coli infusion and decreased thereafter. Plasma IL‐6, IL‐12p40, IFN‐γ, and IL‐1Ra, as well as I‐TAC, MIG, IP‐10 and MCP‐1, remained at detectable levels after 4 hours of E. coli infusion. This nonhuman primate model could be useful for the assessment of new therapeutics aiming to suppress key inflammatory markers throughout sepsis early phases.
Concise Synthesis of Open‐Cage Fullerenes for Oxygen Delivery
Authors: Zhou Zishuo , Han Hongfei , Chen Zijing , Gao Rui , Liu Zhen , Su Jie , Xin Nana , Yang Xiaobing , Gan Liangbing
Published: October 2019

Open‐cage fullerenes with a 19‐membered orifice were prepared in three steps from C60. The key step for cage‐opening is aniline mediated ring expansion of a fullerene‐mixed peroxide with a ketolactone moiety on the orifice. Release of ring strain on the spherical fullerene cage served as the main driving force for the efficient cage‐opening sequence. Encapsulation of oxygen could be achieved at room temperature under moderate pressure (50 atm) and the encapsulated oxygen could be released slowly under ambient conditions. The activation energy of the oxygen‐releasing process is 18.8 kcal mol−1 and the half‐life at 37 °C was 73 min, which makes this open‐cage fullerene derivative a potential oxygen‐delivery material.
Di‐tert‐butyldiphosphatetrahedrane: Catalytic Synthesis of the Elusive Phosphaalkyne Dimer
Authors: Hierlmeier Gabriele , Coburger Peter , Bodensteiner Michael , Wolf Robert
Published: October 2019

While tetrahedranes as a family are scarce, neutral heteroatomic species are all but unknown, with the only reported example being AsP3. Herein, we describe the isolation of a neutral heteroatomic X2Y2 molecular tetrahedron (X, Y=p‐block elements), which also is the long‐sought‐after free phosphaalkyne dimer. Di‐tert‐butyldiphosphatetrahedrane, (tBuCP)2, is formed from the monomer tBuCP in a nickel‐catalyzed dimerization reaction using [(NHC)Ni(CO)3] (NHC=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene (IMes) and 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene (IPr)). Single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination of a silver(I) complex confirms the structure of (tBuCP)2. The influence of the N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand on the catalytic reaction was investigated, and a mechanism was elucidated using a combination of synthetic and kinetic studies and quantum chemical calculations.
Rational Design of Nanogels for Overcoming the Biological Barriers in Various Administration Routes
Authors: Zhao Qing , Zhang Siyu , Wu Fengchang , Li Dengyu , Zhang Xuejiao , Chen Wei , Xing Baoshan
Published: October 2019

Nanogels have been identified as outstanding nanocarrier candidates for drug delivery due to their desirable physiochemical properties and versatile applicability for diverse therapeutic molecules and imaging probes. One of the main challenges that hinder the clinical translation of nanogels is the low efficiency of drug delivery to the target sites because of the complex biological barriers during the in vivo journey. The purpose of this review is to examine and summarize the recent advances on the rational design and structural modulation of nanogels to overcome the barriers and challenges on the way to the site of action following various dosing modes. In particular, the functional moieties or domains have been incorporated in the nanogels, allowing them to spontaneously regulate their structure and physiochemical properties to cross one or more of the multifaceted barriers. In addition, the future perspectives are presented with regards to opportunities and challenges for the precise and efficient therapeutic use of nanogel formulations.
Advances in the Interfacial Assembly of Mesoporous Silica on Magnetite Particles
Authors: Yue Qin , Sun Jianguo , Kang Yijin , Deng Yonghui
Published: October 2019

Interfacing magnetic particles with ordered mesoporous materials is an effective direction for the development of functional porous composite materials with rationally designed core–shell structures. Owing to the combined properties of magnetic nanoparticles and mesoporous silica (high surface area, large pore volume, porosity, and biocompatibility), core–shell magnetic mesoporous silica materials have generated tremendous interest in various disciplines, including chemistry, materials, bioengineering, and biomedicine. Interfacial assembly strategies enable the rational construction of magnetic mesoporous silica materials with well‐defined core–shell structure, morphology, pore parameters, and surface wettability, which can decisively influence their physical and chemical properties and thus improve their application performance. This Minireview summarizes recent progress in the synthesis of core–shell magnetic mesoporous silica and the adjustment of key parameters, including pore size, morphology, and pore orientation.
Molecular weight dependency of β phase formation in injection‐molded isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Yang Xiao , Tuinea‐Bobe Cristina , Whiteside Ben , Coates Phil , Lu Ying , Men Yongfeng
Published: October 2019

The influence of β‐nucleating agents and the molecular weight of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) on the formation of β phase in the injection‐molded iPP were explored using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction technique. Without the β‐nucleating agents, the molecular weight of iPP was the dominant factor controlling the production of β phase during injection. A higher molecular weight could promote the orientation of molecular chains in the skin layer of injected sample, bringing out a larger content of β phase in the corresponding region. Although the β‐nucleating agents had a profound effect on the formation of β phase, it was only efficient for the iPP with moderate molecular weights. The systems of the lowest and highest molecular weight iPP samples compounded with β‐nucleating agents still performed the same with the corresponding ones without β‐nucleating agents. Such performances can be interpreted as a result of the competition between the β‐nucleating agents and the orientation degree of molecular chains. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48555.
Potential Utilization of Metal–Organic Frameworks in Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Case Study of Hydrogen‐Bond Donating and Single‐Site Catalysis
Authors: Rao Purna Chandra , Mandal Sukhendu
Published: October 2019

Crystalline solid materials are platforms for the development of effective catalysts and have shown vast benefits at the frontiers between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Typically, these crystalline solid catalysts outperformed their homogeneous analogs due to their high stability, selectivity, better catalytic activity, reusability and recyclability in catalysis applications. This point of view, comprising significant features of a new class of porous crystalline materials termed as metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) engendered the attractive pathway to synthesize functionalized heterogeneous MOF catalysts. The present review includes the recent research progress in developing both hydrogen‐bond donating (HBD) MOF catalysts and MOF‐supported single‐site catalysts (MSSCs). The first part deals with the novel designs of urea‐, thiourea‐ and squaramide‐containing MOF catalysts and study of their crucial role in HBD catalysis. In the second part, we discuss the important classification of MSSCs with existing examples and their use in desired catalytic reactions. In addition, we describe the relative catalytic efficiency of these MSSCs with their homogeneous and similarly reported analogs. The precise knowledge of discussed heterogeneous MOF catalysts in this review may open the door for new research advances in the field of MOF catalysis.
Syntheses and Functional Studies of Self‐Adjuvanting Anti‐HER2 Cancer Vaccines
Authors: Feng Qi , Manabe Yoshiyuki , Kabayama Kazuya , Aiga Taku , Miyamoto Asuka , Ohshima Shino , Kametani Yoshie , Fukase Koichi
Published: October 2019

The 9‐mer peptide MFCH401 (N: 165–173: DTILWKDIF), which is located in the extracellular domain of HER2, has been predicted to be a novel epitope. Self‐adjuvanting anti‐HER2 vaccine constructs were designed and synthesized via covalently attaching MFCH401 or its linear tandem repeats (2×MFCH401, 3×MFCH401) to a lipopeptide Pam3CSK4 via iterative condensation reaction. The in vivo results showed the Pam3CSK4‐MFCH401 vaccine construct can induce higher antibody titers of IgG and IgM than those of other conjugates, and the analysis of changes in plasma cytokines level indicate the activation of Th1 cells and NK cells. In addition, the Pam3CSK4‐MFCH401 vaccine conjugate induced a specific immune response to HER2‐overexpressing human BT474 cells. Our data clearly indicated that MFCH401 is a promising epitope; moreover, its linear tandem repeats were unsuitable for anticancer vaccine design when conjugating with Pam3CSK4, which provided useful evidence for developing further anti‐HER2 cancer vaccines.
HLA Polymorphism in Regressive and Non‐Regressive Autism: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Tamouza Ryad , Fernell Elisabeth , Eriksson Mats Anders , Anderlid Britt‐Marie , Manier Céline , Mariaselvam Christina Mary , Boukouaci Wahid , Leboyer Marion , Gillberg Christopher
Published: October 2019

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) comprises heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions with symptom onset usually during infancy. However, about 10%–30% of affected cases experience a loss of language and social skills around 18–30 months, so‐called regressive autism. In this subset with regression, immune dysfunctions including inflammation and autoimmunity have been proposed to be at risk factors. Given the implication of the human histocompatibility antigens (HLA) system in various aspects of immune responses, including autoimmunity, and in ASD, we investigate here the distribution of the HLA Class I and Class II haplotypes in 131 children with ASD meeting DSM‐IV TR criteria, with and without regression. We found that 62 of the 98 non‐regressive ASD patients carry the HLA‐DPA1*01‐DPB1*04 sub‐haplotype as compared to 14 of the 33 patients with regression (63% vs. 43% respectively, Pc = 0.02), suggesting that this HLA haplotype may exert a protective effect against regression. Similarly, the HLA‐DPA1*01‐DPB1*04 has also been found to be more represented in healthy controls as compared to patients affected with common nonpsychiatric autoimmune disorders. Overall our findings suggest a possible involvement of HLA polymorphism in the context of regressive ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 182–186. © 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Immune dysfunctions including inflammatory and autoimmune processes have been reported in autism, particularly in regressive forms. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of HLA haplotypes among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with and without regression from Sweden and observed that HLA‐DPA1*01‐DPB1*04 sub‐haplotype was less represented in patients with regressive autism as compared with those without regression. Such possible protective effect, also observed in other common autoimmune disorders, may constitute a link between HLA‐mediated immune processes and regressive ASD.
Evidence and its consequences in educational research
Authors: Malone Anthony , Hogan Pádraig
Published: October 2019

We begin by arguing that the continuing dominance of ‘evidence‐based’ thinking in educational policymaking does serious harm to the notion of evidence itself; also that it brings a loss of coherence to education as a practice that might wish to be regarded as a coherent and research‐informed one. The second section of the article suggests that the invidious consequences of ‘evidence‐based’ thinking are likely to continue unless energetically challenged by a vibrant and robust understanding of education as a practice in its own right. In elucidating such an understanding, we investigate closely the notions of practice and practitioner, and their intrinsic connections, drawing on landmark researches on practice by authors like Alasdair MacIntyre and Joseph Dunne. Building on the understanding of education as a practice in its own right, the third section argues that the Dewey‐inspired notion of justified warrant, rather than proof or replicability, is more appropriate to research claims made in education. Here we focus in particular on action research, which has experienced recurring difficulties in having its research credentials recognised.
Rate and Computational Studies for Pd‐NHC‐Catalyzed Amination with Primary Alkylamines and Secondary Anilines: Rationalizing Selectivity for Monoarylation versus Diarylation with NHC Ligands
Authors: Lombardi Christopher , Rucker Richard P. , Froese Robert D. J. , Sharif Sepideh , Champagne Pier Alexandre , Organ Michael G.
Published: October 2019

The relative rates of arylation of primary alkylamines with different Pd‐NHC catalysts have been measured, as have the relative rates of arylation of the secondary aniline product in an attempt to understand the key ligand design features necessary to have high selectivity for the monoarylated amine product. As the substituents on the N‐aryl ring of the NHC increase in size, selectivity for monoarylation increases and this is further enhanced by chlorinating the back of the NHC ring. Computations have been performed on the catalytic cycle of this transformation in order to understand the selectivity obtained with the different catalysts.
Cubane Electrochemistry: Direct Conversion of Cubane Carboxylic Acids to Alkoxy Cubanes Using the Hofer–Moest Reaction under Flow Conditions
Authors: Collin Diego E. , Folgueiras‐Amador Ana A. , Pletcher Derek , Light Mark E. , Linclau Bruno , Brown Richard C. D.
Published: October 2019

The highly strained cubane system is of great interest as a scaffold and rigid linker in both pharmaceutical and materials chemistry. The first electrochemical functionalisation of cubane by oxidative decarboxylative ether formation (Hofer–Moest reaction) was demonstrated. The mild conditions are compatible with the presence of other oxidisable functional groups, and the use of flow electrochemical conditions allows straightforward upscaling.
Observing the 3D Chemical Bond and its Energy Distribution in a Projected Space
Authors: Wilson Timothy R. , Rajivmoorthy Malavikha , Goss Jordan , Riddle Sam , Eberhart Mark E.
Published: October 2019

Our curiosity‐driven desire to “see” chemical bonds dates back at least one‐hundred years, perhaps to antiquity. Sweeping improvements in the accuracy of measured and predicted electron charge densities, alongside our largely bondcentric understanding of molecules and materials, heighten this desire with means and significance. Here we present a method for analyzing chemical bonds and their energy distributions in a two‐dimensional projected space called the condensed charge density. Bond “silhouettes” in the condensed charge density can be reverse‐projected to reveal precise three‐dimensional bonding regions we call bond bundles. We show that delocalized metallic bonds and organic covalent bonds alike can be objectively analyzed, the formation of bonds observed, and that the crystallographic structure of simple metals can be rationalized in terms of bond bundle structure. Our method also reproduces the expected results of organic chemistry, enabling the recontextualization of existing bond models from a charge density perspective.
European Medicines Agency’s Priority Medicines Scheme at 2 Years: An Evaluation of Clinical Studies Supporting Eligible Drugs
Authors: Neez Emilie , Hwang Thomas J. , Sahoo Samali Anova , Naci Huseyin
Published: October 2019

The Priority Medicines (PRIME) scheme was launched by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2016 to expedite the development and approval of promising products targeting conditions with high unmet medical need. Manufacturers of PRIME drugs receive extensive regulatory advice on their trial designs. Until June 2018, the EMA granted PRIME status to 39 agents, evaluated in 138 studies (102 initiated before and 36 after PRIME eligibility). A third of the studies forming the basis of PRIME designation were randomized controlled trials, and a quarter of the studies were blinded. There was no statistically significant difference between trials initiated before and after PRIME designation in terms of randomized design and use of blinding. However, significantly more efficacy studies included a clinical end point after PRIME designation than before, and significantly fewer included surrogate measures alone. There were no statistically significant differences between the trial designs of PRIME and non‐PRIME‐designated products.
Mg(OH)2‐Facilitated Liquid‐Phase Conversion of Lactic Acid into 1,2‐Propanediol over Cu: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Wang Xinde , Beine Anna Katharina , Hausoul Peter J. C. , Palkovits Regina
Published: October 2019

Mg(OH)2 is found to exhibit superior performance in the liquid‐phase conversion of lactic acid (LA) into 1,2‐propanediol over Cu. A conversion of 90 % with a selectivity of 98 % is achieved at 513 K and 5 MPa H2. Mg(LA)2 could be identified as a crucial intermediate in this reaction, as it undergoes faster conversion than the combination of LA and Mg(OH2) and regeneration of Mg(OH)2 through the conversion of Mg(LA)2 as a substrate. DFT calculations reveal that the energetic span of the reaction decreases from 46.6 kcal mol−1 catalyzed with no cation to 43.6 kcal mol−1 with [Mg(OH)]+, confirming the facilitating effect of Mg(OH)2.
Generic Isolated Cell Image Generator
Authors: Scalbert Marin , Couzinie‐Devy Florent , Fezzani Riadh
Published: October 2019

Building automated cancer screening systems based on image analysis is currently a hot topic in computer vision and medical imaging community. One of the biggest challenges of such systems, especially those using state‐of‐the‐art deep learning techniques, is that they usually require a large amount of training data to be accurate. However, in the medical field, the confidentiality of the data and the need for medical expertise to label them significantly reduce the amount of training data available. A common practice to overcome this problem is to apply data set augmentation techniques to artificially increase the size of the training data set. Classical data set augmentation methods such as geometrical or color transformations are efficient but still produce a limited amount of new data. Hence, there has been interest in data set augmentation methods using generative models able to synthesize a wider variety of new data. VitaDX is actually developing an automated bladder cancer screening system based on the analysis of cell images contained in urinary cytology digital slides. Currently, the number of available labeled cell images is limited and therefore exploitation of the full potential of deep learning techniques is not possible. In an attempt to increase the number of labeled cell images, a new generic generator for 2D cell images has been developed and is described in this article. This framework combines previous works on cell image generation and a recent style transfer method referred to as doodle‐style transfer in this article. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to use a doodle‐style transfer method for synthetic cell image generation. This framework is quite modular and could be applied to other cell image generation problems. A statistical evaluation has shown that features of real and synthetic cell images followed roughly the same distribution. Finally, the realism of the synthetic cell images has been assessed through a visual evaluation performed with the help of medical experts. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Parental deployment and distress, and adolescent disordered eating in prevention‐seeking military dependents
Authors: Higgins Neyland M. K. , Shank Lisa M. , Burke Natasha L. , Schvey Natasha A. , Pine Abigail , Quattlebaum Mary , Leu William , Gillmore Dakota , Morettini Alexandria , Wilfley Denise E. , Stephens Mark , Sbrocco Tracy , Yanovski Jack A. , Jorgensen Sarah , Klein David A. , Olsen Cara H. , Quinlan Jeffrey , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian
Published: October 2019

Objective

Parental military deployment can lead to stress in the family system due to concerns about the deployed service‐member's safety and increased responsibilities for those not deployed. Parent‐related stress can impact adolescent disordered eating. Given the important role that stress plays in disordered eating and obesity, it is crucial to understand the impacts of unique stressors to which vulnerable populations are exposed.

Method

We studied 126 adolescent (14.3 ± 1.6 years; 59.5% girls; 44.4% non‐Hispanic White; BMI‐z, 1.91 ± .39) military dependents prior to entering an obesity and binge‐eating disorder prevention trial. The Eating Disorder Examination was used to assess adolescent disordered eating. Parents self‐reported their own distress and family deployment history that occurred during the adolescent's lifetime.

Results

Parental distress interacted with frequency of parental deployments such that for those with high parental distress, more frequent deployment was associated with greater adolescent shape and weight concerns (β = .21, p = .012) and global eating pathology (β = .18, p = .024).

Discussion

In this hypothesis‐generating study, the combination of number of deployments and parental distress may be associated with disordered eating among adolescent military dependents seeking prevention of binge‐eating disorder and adult obesity. If these preliminary findings are supported longitudinally, interventions to reduce parental stress related to deployment may be warranted to reduce disordered eating in adolescent dependents.