bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF SHODHANOTTARA GUDA TAILA PRAYOGA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TAMAKA SHWASA
Authors: S Ganashree , Shaikh Fareeda Begum , Diggavi Madhav
Published: October 2021

Tamaka Shwasa is tridoshaja vatakapha pradhana avaranajanya Yapya vyadhi and requires Samhita based evidence-based scientific approach with current standards. Tamaka Shwasa is nearer to bronchial asthma identified with airway obstruction, inflammation, producing extra mucus making it difficult in breathing with a prevalence rate of 2.05% of 18 million asthmatics in the nation leading to reduced quality of life along with socioeconomic burden. The contemporary steroidal research has not yielded satisfactory outcomes and is a threat to safety. A case of Tamaka Shwasa from the OPD of TGAMC&H, c/o Shwasa Krichrata, Kasa etc. with PEF-250 Lt/min, AEC-970cells/cumm. has been taken for the present case study. After the diagnosis of Tamaka shwasa by Pratyatma lakshanas and relevant investigations, managed with Sadhyovamana, virechana and shaman aushadhi like guda taila yoga. Improvements were noticed in Kasa Shwasa Krichrata, Gurgurata, asino labhate sukham, parshwashula. Also, improvements were observed in Spirometry taken before and after treatment. The combined effect of shodhana followed by shaman acts as deepana, pachana, Srotoshodhaka, kaphahara, vatanulomana, Rasayana, brahmana, shwasahara. Shodhanottara guda taila prayoga showed significant improvements in both subjective and objective parameters taken in the study.
EFFICACY OF SEEDS OF UTANGAN (BLEPHARIS EDULIS), LAJJAWANTI (MIMOSA PUDICA), VASTUK (CHENOPODIUM ALBUM) IN SHUKRA DUSHTI WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MALE INFERTILITY
Authors: Gupta Govind Prasad , Singh Chitra , Singh Madhu
Published: October 2021

The population of the world is increasing day by day but today 1 out of 10 couples is suffering from infertility. There are many reasons for infertility but oligospermia is a major factor of infertility. In Ayurveda, eight kinds of shukra dushti explained, in which ksheen shukra can be considered as oligospermia. Many treatment modules have been depicted in ayurvedic text. In the present study three drugs Lajjawanti, Vastuk and uttangan used for treatment. In this study, 30 patients were selected according to the sign and symptoms described in our texts and semen analysis was done as laboratory investigation. Significant results are found on symptoms like Swinngatrta (body sweating), Sharm (fatigue) Pandutav (anaemia) etc. This drug also showed a dramatic effect on, sperm motility, Viability, Erection and Ejaculation.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CORIANDER SEEDS SOAKING WATER ON LEUCORRHEA: AN INTERVENTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Bhuvaneswari G , Priya Guna J
Published: October 2021

Leucorrhea is a major gynaecological disorder that impacts women in both aspects, mentally and physically. The coriander seeds, water is used as a non-pharmacological approach to reduce the clinical symptoms of Leucorrhea. The present study aims to determine the effectiveness of coriander seeds soaking water among women with Leucorrhea. A total of 30 samples were collected using the purposive sampling technique and women with symptoms of Leucorrhea were used as samples. The demographic data and clinical variables were collected from the samples, followed by pretest were conducted by using standardized Leucorrhea assessment scale and numerical itching scale. After a period of intervention with coriander seeds water. Post-test was done by using the same Leucorrhea assessment scale. The study depicts that the pretest mean score of symptoms was 21.53 with a standard deviation of 5.34 and the posttest mean score of symptoms was 17.83 with a standard deviation of 3.96. The calculated paired ‘t’ test value of t = 3.022 was found to be statistically significant at p < 0.01 level. It also depicts that the pretest mean score of itching was 6.23 with a standard deviation of 2.61 and the posttest mean score of symptoms was 4.27 with a standard deviation of 1.74. The calculated paired ‘t’ test value of t = 3.079 was found to be statistically significant at p < 0.01 level. This infers that there was significant improvement was observed that coriander seeds, water on Leucorrhea were found to be effective in reducing the level of symptoms and itching among women with Leucorrhea
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF SEVANI WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO JIHWAGATA SEVANI
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Manohar Jannu , Nath Pashupati
Published: October 2021

Sushruta Samhita, one of the representative treatises of the Dhanwanthareeya Sampradaaya of Ayurveda. Terminologies in the different contexts of Sushruta Samhita. Critical analysis of these terminologies under the Ayurvedic perspective is required to provide a new outlook towards understanding Sushruta’s approach to human anatomy. Sevani is seven in number. Among them, five are situated in Shira, one in Jihwa & one in Shepha. Surgical procedures are contraindicated in the region of Sevani. Jihvais derived from the Mamsa, Rakta and Kapha. It is composed of thirty-six Sira and nourished by four Urdhwagata Dhamani. In the description of Alasa disease, in which there is Paaka of the muscles of the tongue. Therefore, it is instructed to surgeons not to take incision in the midline part of the floor of the tongue.
REGIMENAL MODALITIES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS (WAJA UR RAQABA): AN EVIDENCE-BASED COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Kouser Hina V , Nayab Mohd , Ahmad Manzoor Mir , Anwar Mohd , Akhtar Jamal
Published: October 2021

Musculoskeletal conditions are the leading contributors to disability worldwide, typically characterized by pain, decreased mobility, dexterity, and functional ability. After back pain, neck pain is the most frequent musculoskeletal cause of consultation in primary care worldwide. Cervical spondylosis is a chronic degenerative process of the cervical spine characterized by pain in the neck, degenerative changes in the intervertebral disc, and osteophyte formation. This condition is known as wajaʹur raqaba in the Unānī system of medicine. Its rate is 3.3 patients per 1000 people in the general population. Its increasing prevalence is drawing the attention of the medical fraternity. Due to the limited efficacy of conventional treatment and potential side effects of long-term use, patients seek alternative treatment options. Unānī physicians claimed the management of various joint disorders with the help of several tadābīr. The objective of this critical review is to address the claims of Unānī physicians and clinical studies conducted on the efficacy of various Regimenal modalities in the management of joint pain. Classical Unānī literature, peer-reviewed journal articles, and RCTs that predominantly focused on the use of Regimenal modalities in joint pain were included in this review. It was extracted that several Regimenal modalities are effective in the management of various joint disorders including cervical spondylosis. Despite the long history of the use of various Regimenal modalities in several painful conditions, more systematic, well designed, rigorous, randomized, controlled clinical trials are needed to determine which approaches have merit.
AN OUTLOOK ON RAJASWALA PARICHARYA: MENSTRUAL REGIMEN AS PER AYURVEDA
Authors: Bhandari Swati , Kavya G M , Agarwal Ruby Rani
Published: October 2021

Menstruation is an important indicator of women’s health. It is a natural event as a part of the normal process of reproductive life in females. Today’s faulty lifestyle such as – having junk food, irregular sleep pattern and lack of exercise are the cause of increasing gynaecological disorders day by day. In Ayurveda, various Paricharyas (mode of living) are explained to maintain an optimum level of health. One such Paricharyas is Rajaswala Paricharya, which explains certain dos and don’ts to be followed during the menstruating phase. It is a lifestyle modification advised in Ayurveda for menstruating females. Following this Rajaswala Paricharya helps the women to adjust better to the physical and mental changes happening in the body and also helps in reducing the gynaecological complaints (dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, infertility, adenomyosis, fibroids etc). Thus, to maintain optimum gynaecological and obstetrical health of a woman, it is important to follow the regimen mentioned under Rajaswala Paricharya. This article discussed and analysed how to maintain menstrual hygiene and health with Rajaswala Paricharya along with its importance of application in today’s time.
A REVIEW ON PILLA ROGAS
Authors: D S Arya , Kumar Pradeep K
Published: October 2021

Shalakya Tantra is one of the eight branches of Ayurveda specifically for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of all the diseases occurring above the neck such as eyes, ear, nose, mouth and head. The branches of Shalakya Tantra includes Nethra Chikitsa (Ophthalmology), Karna Chikitsa (otology), Nasa Chikitsa (Rhinology), Mukharoga Chikita (Oral hygiene, Dentistry and Laryngology), and Shiroroga Chikitsa (diseases of the head). Among them, Ophthalmology comprises a major part of Shalakya Tantra. The eye is a very important and sensitive part of the body and responsible for visibility therefore the disease related to the eye must be handled carefully. According to Acharya Vagbhata, 18 diseases are designated as Pillakhya Rogas or Pilla Rogas which persist for a long time. The term Pilla means lusterless, dull, clouded, or dirty. Here it is used as a technical term to denote a group of 18 diseases of the eye. Also, many simple and effective treatments are mentioned in Ashtanga Hrudaya by Acharya Vagbhata. In this paper, an effort is taken to compile the references regarding Pillarogas and its management.
EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF DIET LINE PROVISIONS OF CHARAKA SAMHITA: A REVIEW
Authors: Kumar Raju , Pandey Vijay Shankar
Published: October 2021

Ahara is the foremost factor among all which sustain the life and maintain the normal physiological functioning of the human body and comprises the basic most cause of life. Provide longevity, complexion, satisfaction, strength, nourishment, growth and development also imparts mental as well as spiritual well-being. That is why in Ayurveda it is considered that healthy nutrition nourishes the body, mind and soul, through which a person can afford to perform all the activities which lead to happiness, heaven and salvation. But without knowing the proper dietary guidelines one cannot gain adequate nutrition and hence optimum benefits from the food. That is why it is important to awake people about the importance of dietary discipline. Otherwise from the beginning, it has to be seen that the dietary unconcern comprises the susceptibility to several diseases. Hence in Ayurveda, there are many guidelines related to diet and its contents are given which govern the adequate nutritional profile for a healthy life. Such diet line provisions are more precisely prescribed in Charka Samhita Vimana Sthana called the Ahara Vidhi Vidhana.
Survey of Remote Sensing Technique in Plant Disease Management
Authors: Goswami Swapnalika Nanda , Satapathy Rakesh Roshan
Published: October 2021

Agriculture can be contemplated as the “vertebral column” of the human life and has substantial control on country’s economy. In the aim of enhancing agricultural sustainability, effectiveness and plant health, cultivators are continuously innovating high technical and scientific estimation. Remote sensing is a quick, broad-spectrum, and sophisticated approach for analysing the spectral properties of earth surfaces from a variety of distances, ranging from satellites to ground-based platforms. In this process, the information can be obtained without coming into direct contact with the object. One of the main focus of remote sensing in agriculture production of crop including crop protection from various diseases and pests. Remote sensing technique is very helpful for incredibly spatial diagnostic results and its execution in agriculture, more sustain and safe by evading expensive and excessive use of different pesticides, fungicides etc. in production of crops.
Socio-personal and Communication Characteristics of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) Beneficiary Farmers in Uttarakhand
Authors: Adhikari Babita , Prasad S. V. , Praveena P. L. R. J. , Sagar G. Karuna , Ravindra Reddy B.
Published: October 2021

Water is a critical resource in agriculture & allied sector and it is estimated that globally, on average, agriculture accounts for 70 percent of global freshwater withdrawals. Consequently, the management of water in agriculture (irrigation) becomes important and in this context, programmes on irrigation and water conservation have been playing pivotal role. At present, this task at central level is performed by Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY). So, the research objective was formulated to study the socio-personal and communication characteristics of beneficiary farmers of PMKSY and it was undertaken during 2020-21. Uttarkashi and Dehradun districts were selected purposively and two blocks were selected in each district by simple random sampling. Three villages from each block and twenty farmers from each village were selected by following simple random sampling. Thus, the sample constituted to a total of 240 respondents. The findings revealed that majority (35.84%) of beneficiary farmers belonged for middle age group, more than two-fifth (40.00%) of the beneficiary farmers had education up to intermediate, almost two-fifth (39.17%) of the beneficiary farmers had medium farm, nearly half (49.59%) of the beneficiary farmers had medium farming experience. Moreover, beneficiary farmers (100.00%) had agriculture as their primary occupation, half (50.83%) of the beneficiary farmers had medium extension contact, more than half (56.67%) had medium level of mass media exposure followed, three-fifth (61.25%) beneficiary farmers had high innovativeness, 51.67 per cent PMKSY beneficiary farmers had low level of training exposure, majority (47.50%) had low social participation, 60.83 per cent beneficiary farmers had medium achievement motivation, majority (67.50%) had medium scientific orientation and majority (66.67%) of beneficiary farmers belonged to medium risk preference group. Interventions on focusing on small and marginal farmers, providing more trainings, improving extension contacts and social participation were suggested as the suitable measures for success of micro irrigation under PMKSY.
Urban Growth and Its Impact on Urban Land Cover Change in Akure South Local Government, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ibilewa Dada , Aliyu Mustapha , O. Alalu Usman , Abdulrasheed Taiwo Hassan
Published: October 2021

Urban Growth and its Impact on Urban land cover change in Akure South Local Government area was investigated to bridge the knowledge gap created by data deficiency on the nature, scope, and magnitude of urban threat on the land use/land cover type, most especially the agricultural land in the area. This was done through the analysis of Landsat images of three epochs from 2000 through 2010 to 2020. The processing of the satellite images was done in ArcGIS 10.8, while the analysis and 2030 projection were done in Microsoft office excel using the result from the analysis. QGIS was used to remove the scan lines error on the 2010 image. The result showed increasing urban growth (built-up area), reducing vegetation and farmlands, and increasing rock outcrops. The changes vary among the different classification characteristics. Both farmlands and vegetation increased in the first epoch and reduced in the second epoch due to man's urbanization and other socio-economic activities. The increasing change in the second epoch was higher in built-up areas while rock outcrops increased throughout the study period. The research was able to assess the magnitude of farmland and vegetation that have been converted for urban uses over time. It also proved the efficiency of Remote Sensing and GIS technology in urban growth studies.
The Role of University Identification on Students' Perceptions and University Branding Activities
Authors: Thu Huong Nguyen , Thu Huong Nguyen Thi
Published: October 2021

University brand is becoming a topic of interest to most universities worldwide. This paper used the systematic review methodology to examine peer-reviewed journal articles. Practically, the study used a descriptive analysis and material evaluation to assess the different aspects of the university identification, students' perceptions and university branding activities. Base on the social identity theory and social exchange theory, the paper focuses on the role of university identification from students' perceptions in university branding activities. ​This may shed light upon clearer strategic university brand positioning in this highly competitive environment. Finally, apart from focusing the role of university identification, the study not only stimulates future research but provides a reference point for those being lecturers and students who are interested in the topics of university brand.
Estimation and Investigation of Mean and Most Probable Velocities of Tropospheric Gases over Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Akpootu D. O. , Ohaji D. E. , Nouhou I. , Iliyasu M. I. , Abubakar M. B. , Aina A. O. , Idris M. , Mustapha W.
Published: October 2021

In this study, the monthly average minimum and maximum temperature meteorological data obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) during the period of thirty eight years (1979 – 2016) were used to estimate the mean velocity and most probable velocity of atomic Oxygen and Hydrogen for Ilorin. The values of the mean velocity and most probable velocity for these atoms were compared to the value of escape velocity. The results revealed that the highest values of mean velocity and most probable velocity for atomic Oxygen were found to be in the month of March with  and  respectively and the highest values of mean velocity and most probable velocity for atomic Hydrogen were found to be in the month of March with  and  respectively. Based on the values of the mean velocity and most probable velocity for atomic Oxygen and Hydrogen obtained during the studied period suggests that these atoms cannot escape the gravitational field as their values are less than the escape velocity .
Bisphenol a Exposure Causes Increased Oxidation of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Its Abduct in Rats
Authors: E. Oguazu Chinenye , C. Ezeonu Francis , C. Dike Charles , G. Ikimi Charles
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: Living organisms are exposed to oxidant agents constantly from both endogenous and exogenous sources. One of such oxidant agent is Bisphenol A (BPA) and its exposure is capable to modify biomolecules and induce damages. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a contaminant with increasing exposure. It exerts toxic effects on cells.  This study investigates the possibility of BPA exposure on Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) perturbations at prevailing low exposure doses in female albino Wistar rats, following exposure for the period of three (3) month. Materials and Methods: Total 12 groups were formed; out of which 11 experimental groups, each containing 10non-pregnant female rats were administered; 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 1 mg of BPA/kgbw/day. To the 12th control group was given water.  Blood was collected from animals at the end of every week of the study and serum sample specimens analyzed by routine diagnostic procedures for oxidized LDL such as malondialdehyde modified- LDL (MDA-LDL), oxidized phospholipids LDL (OX-PL LDL), N (epsilon) (carboxymethyl) lysine-modified-LDL (CML LDL) and 4-hydroxynonenal-LDL (HNE-LDL) using Autochemical Analyzer.

Results: Significantly increased concentrations of serum oxidized LDL such as MDA-LDL, OX-PL LDL, CML LDL and HNE-LDL were observed at all concentrations of BPA exposure.

Conclusion:  Bisphenol A alters oxidized LDL such as MDA-LDL, OX-PL LDL, CML LDL and HNE-LDL balance and causes disturbance of internal oxidative statues.
Effect of Ethanol Extract of the Fruiting Bodies of Pleurotus Ostreatus on Serum Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Indices of HS-HFD-STZ Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Okoroh P. N. , Onuoha Sam , Uwakwe A. A. , Ukegbu C. Y.
Published: October 2021

The effect of ethanol extract of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus on serum lipid profile  and atherogenic indices of high sucrose high fat diet streptozotocin (HS-HFD-STZ) induced diabetic rats was determined by standard methods. All the groups were fed high sucrose-high fat diet except the normal group. The Metformin HCl and ethanol extract was given once daily by gavage to the reference and experimental groups respectively at doses of 150mg/Kg b.w., 50mg/Kg   b.w, 150mg/Kg b.w. and 300mg/Kg b.w. respectively while the normal control received saline solution.  The HDL-cholesterol level was higher than the value of the disease group after 6 weeks of administration of extract at 300mg/kg and after 9 weeks administration of extract at 150mg/kg. HDL cholesterol concentration increased by 22.2% after 6 weeks of extract administration at 300mg/kg and by 16.7% and 28.3% respectively after 9 weeks of extract administration at 150mg/kg and 50mg/kg respectively, indicating that the POE extract has the capacity to reduce cardiovascular diseases. At all the doses of extract administered for treatment at 3 weeks, 6 weeks and 9 weeks intervals, there was dose and time dependent lowering of LDL: HDL ratio even below the recommended risk limit of ≤ 2.5 compared to the test control with value above 2.5. After 3 weeks of treatment with extract at administration concentration level of 150mg/kg, atherogenic indices were lowered and extract levels of 150mg/kg and 300mg/kg reduced atherogenic index value after 6 weeks of administration while after 9 weeks of treatment, extract at 150mg/kg concentration reduced atherogenic indices. The atherogenic indices of the diabetic animals under treatment were dose-and time dependently reduced by POE treatment as observed in this study.These results suggest a possible use of the extracts in the management of hyperlipidemic conditions, hypertension and associated complications.
Admissible Inversion on Γ1 Non-Deranged Permutations
Authors: Magami M. S. , Ibrahim M.
Published: October 2021

Some further theoretic properties of scheme called Γ1 non deranged permutations, the permutation which fixes the first element in the permutations were identified and studied in relation to admissible inversion in this paper. This was done first through some computation on this scheme using prime number p ≥ 5, the admissible inversion descent aid (ωp-1) is equi-distributed with descent number des (ωp-1) and also showed that the admissible inversion set Ai (ωi ) and admissible inversion set Ai (ωp-i ) are disjoint.
Phytochemical and Potential Pharmacological Properties of Pavetta indica Linn
Authors: Perera Shishanthi Anuradha , Samaranada Vimukthi Asahara , Wijekumar Praba Jalini , Hemasinghe Imesha Hansani Nayanathara , Ranasinghe Kaveesha Dulangi , Marasinghe Piyal
Published: October 2021

Background: Pavetta indica Linn is a medicinal plant that belongs to the family of Rubiaceae. The parts of this plant are used in indigenous clinical practices, especially for treating visceral obstruction, haemorrhoidal pains, rheumatism and eye diseases, and in the preferential treatment of liver disease, pain from piles, urinary infections, and fever. Despite its usage in indigenous clinical practices, there is limited available information on comparative pharmacognostic, physicochemical, phytochemical, ethnopharmacological data and antioxidant capacity of this herb.

Aim: To review and summarize the medicinal properties of Pavetta indica Linn after critically evaluating the published studies reporting and to identify potential research areas from the existing data.

Methodology: In the first phase, a comprehensive literature search was carried out in several databases under the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Project for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines.

Results: The plant reported various classes of bioactive compounds with the main components: carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, phytosterols, saponins, tannins, proteins and amino acids, phenolic and flavonoids. Extracts of this plant possess multiple pharmacological activities such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, neuroprotective and wound healing factors, anti-dementia, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antihelminthic and diuretic properties.

Conclusion: This review gives vital information on the traditional uses and, on the other hand, modern discoveries such as phytochemistry and pharmacology of Pavetta indica Linn. The therapeutic value of the plant was discovered based on the information gathered during the review process. As a result, greater research on this plant should be encouraged to identify new useful drugs and therapeutic effects and test using clinical studies.
Effect of Nitrogen Levels on Forage Yield and Quality of Multi Cuts Oat Cultivars
Authors: Patel H. K. , Rathod P. H. , Padheriya D. R.
Published: October 2021

A field experiment was conducted at Main Forage Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during rabi-2019-20 to study the effect of nitrogen levels on yield and quality of multi cut oat cultivars with aim to find out nitrogen levels on green fodder yield and quality of oat. There were total four varieties (V1: OL 1874, V2: JO-05-304, V3: UPO 212 and V4: RO 19) and four levels of nitrogen (N1: 35 kg N/ha, N2: 70 kg N/ha, N3: 105 kg N/ha and N4: 140 kg N/ha) was tested. Experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Experiments results revealed that significantly the highest green fodder yield was reported in RO 19 (V4) treatment, while average plant height and average number of tiller per meter row length were reported in V1: OL 1874 and V2: JO 05-304 treatment, respectively. Average plant height, Green fodder yield, average dry matter, average crude protein, total crude protein yield and dry matter yield were found highest by application of 140 kg N/ha. Average tiller per meter row length was higher in N4 (140 kg N/ha) and average dry matter was higher in N1 (35 kg N/ha). Response of nitrogen non-significant in case of average ADF and NDF content.
Characterization of Identified Distinct Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) Genotypes for Yield-related Morphological Traits in Karnataka
Authors: Mamathashree M. N. , Prakash B. G. , Fakrudin B. , Jayashree U. , Honnabyraiah M. K. , Mallikarjungowda A. P.
Published: October 2021

A monotypic genus crop tamarind is one of the important grown in India. The multipurpose tree comprises multiuse in cuisine preparation to medicine. All the parts of the tree have been used in many industries. The present study was conducted to assess the quantum of diversity in seventeen morphological traits of identified distinct 96 tamarind genotypes collected from 30 districts of Karnataka during 2018-19 at College of Horticulture, Bengaluru. The morphological traits including fruit yield/plant were observed. Among major yield attributing morphological traits viz., fruit weight ranged from 4.27-32.45 g, pulp weight ranged from 2.10-15.00 g and fruit yield/plant ranged from 49.50 to 298.50 kg. The genetic variation components viz., PCV ranged from 13.93 to 48.25 while GCV ranged from 12.22 to 47.28. The high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent over mean was observed in the traits such as fruit weight (96%, 91.20%) and seed weight (96%, 95.45%) while moderate heritability and genetic advance as per cent over mean was revealed in fruit yield/plant (78.00 %, 55.83 %). Present study brought out and identified three top best performing tamarind genotypes TAM_KOL4, TAM_BEN(U)3 and TAM_BEN(U)4 expressed higher yield over the check GKVK17 recorded third highest fruit yield/plant but however it was not significant. The selection based on yield related traits and best performing genotypes in terms of fruit yield/plant could be effectively used in tamarind breeding programme.
Geochemical Baseline and Contamination Level Assessment of Antimony (Sb) in Sediment around Agbaou Gold Mine, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Kinimo Kakou Charles , Ouattara Ahbeauriet Ahmed , Kouassi N’guessan Louis Berenger , N’goran Koffi Pierre dit Adama , Yao Koffi Marcellin
Published: October 2021

Agbaou is one of the most recent gold mine exploitation sites in Côte d’Ivoire. Little studies are discussed on the geochemical baseline concentration of trace metals in the wetland sediments around Agbaou gold mine. The main objectives of this study were to establish geochemical baseline values and to assess the pollution status of antimony (Sb). The geochemical baseline concentration of Sb (GBCSb) was estimated using linear regression method. In this study, total Sb concentration was analysed in sediment (10 sediment samples) collected around Agbaou gold mine site. The average Sb concentration was 5.63 ± 2.50 µg.g-1 ranging from 2.50 to 11.3 µg.g-1. The spatial distribution of Sb showed a tendency to accumulate near gold mine site. Moreover, the GBCSb (5.72 µg.g-1) was slightly higher than the average concentration found in sediments. GBC of Sb was used to calculate the anthropogenic contribution rate (R) which exhibited a positive value (R > 0) for all samples, indicating that the sediments were influenced by gold mining activities. Due to lack of local baseline value in the study area, the GBCSb obtained could be used as reference value for Sb contamination level assessment in the sediments.
Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Rice Intended for Infant Flour Production in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Compaoré Hamidou , Samandoulougou Serge , S. Compaoré Clarisse , Bambara Alima , Ratongué Hissein , Traoré Lassina , Sawadogo-Lingani Hagrétou
Published: October 2021

A total of four samples of rice intended for infant flour production in Ouagadougou were received at the Physico-chemistry laboratory of Food Technology Department (DTA) for quality control. The latter were also tested for Aspergillus section Flavi presence and analyzed for aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 content using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Among the twenty (20) strains of mold isolated from these samples, three Aspergillus section Flavi were obtained and cultivated in “Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus Agar (AFPA)” to ascertain if they belong to Aspergillus flavus or Aspergillus parasiticus species. The qualitative ability of aflatoxin production was also performed by fluorescence emission under ultra violet light at 365 nm after four days of incubation at 30 °C on Coconut Agar Medium (CAM). Statistical analysis results showed that 75% of samples were contaminated with total aflatoxins (AFs) with contents ranging from 0.54 ± 0.06 to 2.40 ± 0.07 µg/Kg. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) were detected in two contaminated samples. AFB1 had the highest concentration as compared with other aflatoxins. A significant level of contamination (p< 0.0001) was observed in sample R441 compared to other sample types.
Late Presentation of Neglected Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome
Authors: Murad Rania Alsayed , Alakkad Ashraf , Adwan Anwar , Ramahi Mikdam Al
Published: October 2021

A 60-year-old male patient, weighing 40 kg, having a BMI of 13, who was also a known case of Diabetes Mellitus Type II was shifted to the Orthopaedic Ward last month due to a fall, which led him to develop an intertrochanteric fracture in the femur. While the treatment of the patient was in an ongoing status for his fracture, his Diabetes was seen to be poorly controlled, with his blood glucose levels being constantly evaluated to be in a state of severe hypoglycaemia to slightly increased levels of blood glucose. On examination, the patient showed clear signs of being malnourished. He was in a bad and dishevelled state, he had creases on the palmar aspects of his hands and hyperpigmentation on his buccal mucosa. Furthermore, his lab reports revealed abnormalities in nearly every lab test ordered. Not only did he have elevated ACTH levels, but there was also a failure of Cortisol stimulation. His DEXA Scan showed that he was predisposed to develop severe osteoporosis and his malnourished condition was supportive of promoting that condition even more. The patient was diagnosed to be suffering from Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome, Type II. This is a rare condition of one of its kind where there is a pre-existence of autoimmune adrenal insufficiency along with either autoimmune thyroid disease or autoimmune diabetes mellitus. Since this condition is rare, it tends to often get overlooked upon diagnosis, leading to misdiagnosis because almost all of the presenting features or the symptoms of the prevalent endocrinological disorders present in this condition mimic either hypothyroidism, or diabetes, or adrenal insufficiency alone, and thus lead to further consequences when the condition does not resolve despite persistent treatment, such as the case in this patient. This paper reviews the background of the patient and the causes that possibly could have made him reach this advanced stage of the disease. The paper also reflects upon the disease, Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type II, as a whole and elaborates on the symptoms and signs which the patient tens to confuse with other endocrinological diseases. Lastly, this paper shall also review the appropriate management plan for the patient to ease his symptoms and accelerate his recovery process.
Assessing the Grindability Behaviour of Anka (Zamfara State, Nigeria) Manganese Ore towards Effective Manganese Mineral Liberation
Authors: Gbadamosi Y. E. , Alabi O. O. , Borode J. O.
Published: October 2021

The Bond standard grindability test provides a Work Index that is widely used to estimate the energy required for ore grinding. The research investigates the work index of Anka Manganese ore at Anka deposit in Zamfara state, Nigeria. The reference ore (Quartz) was sourced from the studied ore overburden in the mine. The test ore and the reference ore were characterized using Energy Dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, X - ray Diffractometer and the Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with Energy Dispersive Spectrum. 500 g each of the manganese ore and quartz were sampled and prepared by crushing and grinding to 100% passing 1200 μm sieve. 100 g of prepared ores were charged into array of sieve arranged in √2 series from 1000 μm to 63 μm. Set of sieves were mounted on the Automated Pascal Denver sieve shaker (16153) and was in operation for 20 minutes. The work index of reference ore was used to calculate the work index of the test ore using Gaudin Schuman expression to obtain a work index of 14.16 Kwh/ton for test ore and it lies within the work index of 10-15.14 Kwh/ton for manganese ore stated in the literature and the energy expended to achieve communition at mineral liberation size was calculated to be 3.3984 Kw/ton.
Photovoltaic (PV) Model Evaluation with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
Authors: Areola R. I. , Oyediji F. T. , Olajuyin E. A.
Published: October 2021

The use of solar energy is widespread due to increase in its demand across the world. This is because this form of energy can supply steady, stable, regular and clean energy. Evaluation of  PV (photovoltaic) model with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) using matlab/simulink cell model for estimating the I-V characteristic curves of photovoltaic panel with respect to changes on environmental parameters (temperature and irradiance) and cell parameters (parasitic resistance and ideality factor) were evaluated. The PV model equations were modelled and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK Approach. This paper confirmed the usefulness of MATLAB/SIMULINK in the development of MPPT (maximum power point tracking) algorithm. Using a Shockley diode equation, an accurate simulink PV panel model was developed. It was concluded that the MPPT is able to achieve maximum power output when there is variation in solar irradiance.
Effectiveness on Simulation Teaching Regarding Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation among Workers of State Transport Depot
Authors: Alwadkar Sagar , Mendhe Deeplata
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the technique of life-saving procedure in that artificial ventilation uses external chest compressions to maintain circulation flow of the heart and oxygenation during cardiac arrest. Many peoples in the developed and developing countries have taken known education of Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training which was launched jointly by Universal Medical Assistance International Center.

Objectives: 1. To evaluate the previous knowledge and skill regarding CPR among workers of ST Depot. 2. To evaluate effectiveness and correlation the post-test knowledge and skill score regarding CPR among workers of ST Depot. 3. To identify the association with the post-test skill score regarding CPR among workers of ST Depot.

Methodology: In this study, will the effectiveness of simulation teaching regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation the sample will be the 100 ST depot workers. The workers will select according to inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as the Purposive sampling technique. One group pre-test and post-test design. It will be conducted at State Transport Depot. Wardha Maharashtra, India respectively. The data will be collected by using questionnaires and an observational checklist for simulation teaching on cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Conclusion:  It is concluded that the effectiveness of simulation teaching on CPR was found to be effective in improving the knowledge and skill of workers of ST depot.
Dental Management in the Immunocompromised Children: A Review
Authors: Habash Abdulrahman Kamal , Basoudan Firas Walid , Alwayel Hassan Adnan , Alarfaj Bassam Walid , Alwayel Ali Naji , Alaithan Jafar Ali , Alzuhiri Mushary abdullah , Alduraye Ghada Sami
Published: October 2021

Oral manifestations of oropharyngeal infections in immunocompromised individuals pose a unique challenge for medical and dental specialists, as clinical signs and symptoms could be minor, making correct diagnosis and treatment difficult. Effective infection control and oral symptom management are critical, and they can be done by the careful use of topical and systemic medicines, as well as proper oral hygiene. According to current guidelines, children should receive an oral examination before starting cancer treatment.  Before the commencement of cancer treatment–related oral issues, a pretreatment examination helps develop a dentist-child relationship. Intensive mouth care is critical because it reduces the chance of developing moderate/severe mucositis while also reducing the risk of septicemia and oral infections. Almost all of the therapy's oral side effects are caused by stomatotoxicity, either direct or indirect. The purpose of therapy for this patient group is to keep the oral mucosa healthy, avoid secondary infection, relieve pain, and maintain nutritional intake. In this narrative review we will be looking at evaluation, prevention and management of dental complications in immunosuppressed children.
Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yopa Daniele Sandra , Kamga Hortense Gonsu , Nga Emmanuel Nnanga , Njikeu Olive Nathalie Kouamen , Ohandza Claude Stephan , Nguefack-Tsague Georges
Published: October 2021

Aims: Over the decades, antibiotic resistance has become a cross-border public health problem. This calls for the profiling of microorganisms, particularly bacteria implicated in antibiotic resistance, in order to improve clinical practice and reduce the incidence of therapeutic failure in the treatment of infectious diseases.

Study Design: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of the Study: The study was made at the bacteriology laboratory at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital, Cameroon during the period between January 2016 and June 2021.

Methodology: All bacterial strains from the following biological fluids were included: blood, stool, urine, suppurations, probe tip and catheter tip. The antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was collected from the registers of the said laboratory. The data were encoded in Censuses and Survey Procession Software (CSPro) version 7.3 and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25. Graphs and figures were made using Excel 2016 spreadsheet software.

Results: A total of 1071 bacteria were enrolled in 955 patients. The age group most represented was 0-5 years (34.6%). Most of the isolates came from a blood sample. Among the isolates, Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (18.5%), Escherichia coli (17.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (14%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.2%) were the most common. A total of 1071 bacteria were enrolled in 955 patients. The age group most represented was 0-5 years (34.6%). Most of the isolates came from a blood sample. Among the isolates, Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (18.5%), Escherichia coli (17.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (14%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.2%) were the most represented. Between 2016 and 2020, almost remarkable resistance was observed to the class of penicillins (78% to 83%), cephalosporins (44% to 61%) and quinolones (43% to 100%) for Escherichia coli. For Staphylococcus aureus, resistance changes range from 68% to 77% for the penicillin class. Klebsiella pneumoniae showed an evolution ranging from 11% to 19% for aminosides.

Conclusion: Although not all isolates showed a change in the level of resistance to all antibiotics that are frequently used in our study population, Nevertheless, it is important for national public health actors to establish active surveillance of antibiotic and even antimicrobial resistance and to implement a guide to the proper use of antibiotics for health professionals, and the community.
Activation of the purinergic receptor P2X7 improves hepatosteatosis by promoting lipophagy
Authors: Dong Zizhi , Wei Yujia , Tao Min , Zhang Lili
Published: October 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health problem that develops through unclear molecular mechanisms. The P2X7 purinergic receptor (P2RX7) is an ATP‐gated ion channel that belongs to the P2XR family. Thus far, studies on P2RX7 in NAFLD have been largely contradictory. Integrating experiments and modeling, we elucidate the dynamic processes of lipid droplet fusion and degradation following regulation of P2RX7. We show that activation of P2RX7 can activate the AMPK/ULK1 pathway to promote autophagosome generation and lysosomal degradation of autophagosomes. Inhibiting P2RX7 has the opposite effect. Notably, we find that lipid droplets become larger by the fusion of dysfunctional lysosomes but cannot be degraded by them following P2RX7 inhibition. Our study provides evidence that P2RX7 activation improves NAFLD by promoting lipophagy.
A Universal Nonhalogenated Polymer Donor for High‐Performance Organic Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Zhang Tao , An Cunbin , Cui Yong , Zhang Jianqi , Bi Pengqing , Yang Chenyi , Zhang Shaoqing , Hou Jianhui
Published: October 2021

Nonhalogenated polymers have great potential in the commercialization of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells due to their advantage in low‐cost preparation. However, non‐halogenated polymers usually have high highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels and inferior self‐aggregation properties in solution, thus resulting in low power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Herein, two nonhalogenated polymers, PB1 and PB2, are prepared. When the polymers are used to fabricate OPV cells with BTP‐eC9, the PB1‐based device only gives a PCE of 5.3%, while the PB2‐based device shows an outstanding PCE of 17.7%. After the introduction of PBDB‐TF as the third component, the PB2:PBDB‐TF:BTP‐eC9‐based device with an optimal weight ratio of 0.5:0.5:1 achieves a PCE up to 18.4%. More importantly, PB2 exhibits good compatibility with various nonfullerene acceptors to achieve better PCEs than those of classical polymer (PBDB‐T and PBDB‐TF)‐based devices. When PB2 is combined with a wide‐bandgap electron acceptor (F‐BTA3), this device shows excellent PCE of 27.1% and 24.6% for 1 and 10 cm2 devices, respectively, under light intensity of 1000 lux light‐emitting diode illumination. These results provide new insight in the rational design of novel nonhalogenated polymer donors for further development of low‐cost materials and broadening the application of OPV cells.
E‐Skin Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Combining Laser Engraving and Shrinking Polymeric Films for Health Monitoring Applications
Authors: dos Santos Andreia , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo , Águas Hugo , Igreja Rui
Published: October 2021

Electronic‐skin (e‐skin) is pursued, as of the 21st century, to mimic the sensory capabilities of human skin for several applications. Pressure is one of the key stimuli in e‐skin technology, frequently detected using piezoresistive sensors, which consist of film layers commonly micro‐structured to improve their performance, either through expensive photolithography techniques or other poorly customizable approaches. The authors’ group recently introduced laser engraving as a low‐cost yet highly customizable micro‐structuring technique to produce molds, despite the limited resolution. Combining laser engraving with shrinking polymeric films (SPFs) to fabricate molds is an innovative strategy to greatly improve the performance of the sensors, allowing for thinner and highly conformal sensor layers while minimizing costs. Shrinking these SPFs after their engraving yields smaller yet high aspect ratio cavities. Herein, all the laser engraving parameters are thoroughly investigated to optimize SPF molds (arrays of 10 µm vertical lines spaced by 200 µm, engraved with 3% laser power, 25% speed, and 0.04'’ between laser and substrate) to produce e‐skin piezoresistive sensors with a sensitivity of −1.4 kPa−1 below 10 kPa, a 1.4 ms recovery time, and a capability to detect distinct body movements, illustrating the great potential for health monitoring applications.
Direct Atomic Layer Deposition of Ultrathin Aluminum Oxide on Monolayer MoS2 Exfoliated on Gold: The Role of the Substrate
Authors: Schilirò Emanuela , Nigro Raffaella Lo , Panasci Salvatore E. , Agnello Simonpietro , Cannas Marco , Gelardi Franco M. , Roccaforte Fabrizio , Giannazzo Filippo
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the authors demonstrate the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of highly homogeneous and ultrathin (≈3.6 nm) Al2O3 films with very good insulating properties (breakdown field of ≈10–12 MV cm−1) directly onto monolayer (1L) MoS2 exfoliated on gold. Differently than in the case of 1L MoS2 supported by a common insulating substrate (Al2O3/Si), a better nucleation process of the high‐k film is observed on the 1L MoS2/Au system since the ALD early stages. Atomic force microscopy analyses show a ≈50% Al2O3 surface coverage just after 10 ALD cycles, its increase to >90% (after 40 cycles), and a uniform ≈3.6 nm film (after 80 cycles). The Al2O3 density on bilayer MoS2 is found to be significantly reduced with respect to 1L MoS2/Au, suggesting a role of screened interface charges with the metal substrate on the adsorption of ALD precursors. Finally, Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy show a p‐type doping and tensile strain of 1L MoS2 induced by the Au substrate, providing an insight on the evolution of vibrational and optical properties after the Al2O3 deposition. The direct ALD growth of Al2O3 on large‐area 1L MoS2 induced by the Au underlayer can be of wide interest for electronic applications.