bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Three‐Component Reaction of Rapid Synthesis of Some 5,6‐Dihydro‐4H‐1,3‐thiazine Derivatives under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Wan Jie‐Ping , Pan Yuan‐Hang , Mao Hui , Chen Yun‐Hua , Pan Yuan‐Jiang
Published: July 2010

Microwave irradiation is found to efficiently promote the three‐component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, thiourea and vinylbenzenes in the presence of Tms‐Cl.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phosphonato Esters Involving Heterocyclic Biological Bases in a Highly Diastereoselective and Chemoselective Route.
Authors: Maghsoodlou Malek T. , Hazeri Nourallah , Habibi‐Khorassani Sayed M. , Heydari Reza , Marandi Ghasem , Lashkari Mojtaba , Bagherpour Khatereh , Gharechaei Zahra
Published: July 2010

A diastereoselective access to highly functionalized phosphonato esters is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Wittig Olefination in Aqueous Media for the Rapid Preparation of Unsaturated 7,3‐Lactone‐α‐D‐xylofuranose Derivatives.
Authors: Ramirez Elsie , Sanchez Mario , Meza‐Leon Rosa L. , Quintero Leticia , Sartillo‐Piscil Fernando
Published: July 2010

A highly efficient sequential protocol is developed for the conversion of D‐glucose derivatives (I) to the versatile synthons (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Easy Access to 2,5‐Anhydro‐1,3‐O‐Isopropylidene‐D‐glucitol.
Authors: Doboszewski Bogdan , Clarindo de Siqueira Edmilson
Published: July 2010

An improved procedure for the synthesis of the title compound (III) from D‐mannitol (I) is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycosylation Catalyzed by a Chiral Broensted Acid.
Authors: Cox Daniel J. , Smith Martin D. , Fairbanks Antony J.
Published: July 2010

It is shown that the stereoselective outcome of glycosylation can be affected by the chirality of catalytic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Aspects in Modern Inorganic Chemistry
Authors: Garnovskii A. D. , Sennikova E. V. , Kharisov B. I.
Published: July 2010

Review: 132 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Complexes and Dioxygen Activation
Authors: Nebe Thomas , Xu Jing‐Yuan , Schindler Siegfried
Published: July 2010

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anatomy of Long‐Lasting Love Affairs with Lithium Carbenoids: Past and Present Status and Future Prospects.
Authors: Capriati Vito , Florio Saverio
Published: July 2010

Review: [60 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Friedel—Crafts Reactions
Authors: Terrasson Vincent , de Figueiredo Renata Marcia , Campagne Jean Marc
Published: July 2010

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydropericyclic Routes to Reactive Intermediates
Authors: Johnson Richard P.
Published: July 2010

Review: 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acids, H‐Bond Donors, and Combined Acid Systems in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Yamamoto Hisashi , Payette Joshua N.
Published: July 2010

Review: 186 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Applications of tert‐Butanesulfinamide
Authors: Robak MaryAnn T. , Herbage Melissa A. , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: July 2010

Review: 452 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Applications of the Carbonyl‐Generating Grob Fragmentation
Authors: Prantz Kathrin , Mulzer Johann
Published: July 2010

Review: 142 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Divalent Metal Complexes of the Monovalent Polyether Ionophorous Antibiotic Monensin
Authors: Pantcheva I. N. , Zhorova R. , Mitewa M. Io. , Sheldick W. S.
Published: July 2010

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials Using Toxicokinetics and Toxicoproteome Analysis
Authors: Nabeshi Hiromi , Yoshikawa Tomoaki , Imazawa Takayoshi , Tsunoda Shin‐ichi , Tsutsumi Yasuo
Published: July 2010

Review: 17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ganglioside Cluster‐Mediated Aggregation and Cytotoxicity of Amyloid β‐Peptide: Molecular Mechanism and Inhibition
Authors: Matsuzaki Katsumi
Published: July 2010

Review: 16 refs.
RNG1 is a late marker of the apical polar ring in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Tran Johnson Q. , de Leon Jessica C. , Li Catherine , Huynh My‐Hang , Beatty Wandy , Morrissette Naomi S.
Published: July 2010

The asexually proliferating stages of apicomplexan parasites cause acute symptoms of diseases such as malaria, cryptosporidiosis and toxoplasmosis. These stages are characterized by the presence of two independent microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). Centrioles are found at the poles of the intranuclear spindle. The apical polar ring (APR), a MTOC unique to apicomplexans, organizes subpellicular microtubules which impose cell shape and apical polarity on these protozoa. Here we describe the characteristics of a novel protein that localizes to the APR of Toxoplasma gondii which we have named ring‐1 (RNG1). There are related RNG1 proteins in Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis neurona but no obvious homologs in Plasmodium spp., Cryptosporidium spp. or Babesia spp. RNG1 is a small, low‐complexity, detergent‐insoluble protein that assembles at the APR very late in the process of daughter parasite replication. We were unable to knock‐out the RNG1 gene, suggesting that its gene product is essential. Tagged RNG1 lines have also allowed us to visualize the APR during growth of Toxoplasma in the microtubule‐disrupting drug oryzalin. Oryzalin inhibits nuclear division and cytokinesis although Toxoplasma growth continues, and similar to earlier observations of unchecked centriole duplication in oryzalin‐treated parasites, the APR continues to duplicate during aberrant parasite growth. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics of Nonlocally‐Coupled Transition of the Heat Transport in LHD
Authors: Tamura N. , Ida K. , Inagaki S. , Tanaka K. , Tokuzawa T. , Itoh K. , Shimozuma T. , Kubo S. , Tsuchiya H. , Nagayama Y. , Kawahata K. , Sudo S. , Yamada H. , LHD Experiment Group
Published: July 2010

A comparison of characteristics between a nonlocal transport phenomenon and an electron internal transport barrier (ITB) in the Large Helical Device is performed with a transient transport analysis and from the viewpoint of a dynamic behavior of transport state. The electron ITB is characterized by a jump of electron temperature gradient. In contrast, the transient transport analysis indicates the nonlocal transport phenomenon is characterized by a jump of electron heat flux. And seen from the viewpoint of the dynamic behavior of transport state, the physical mechanism of the appearance of the nonlocal transport phenomenon is found to be qualitatively different from that of the formation of the electron ITB (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of Energetic‐Ion‐Driven MHD Instabilities on Energetic‐Ion‐Transport in Compact Helical System and Large Helical Device
Authors: Isobe M. , Ogawa K. , Toi K. , Osakabe M. , Nagaoka K. , Shimizu A. , Spong D. A. , Okamura S. , CHS  , LHD Experiment Groups
Published: July 2010

This paper describes 1) representative results on excitation of energetic‐particle mode (EPM) and toroidicity‐induced Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) and consequent beam‐ion losses in CHS, and 2) recent results on beam‐ion transport and/or losses while EPMs are destabilized in LHD. Bursting EPMs and TAEs are often excited by co‐injected beam ions in the high‐beam ion pressure environment and give a significant effect on co‐going beam ions in both experiments. It seems that in CHS, resonant beam ions are lost within a relatively short‐time scale once they are anomalously transported due to energetic‐ion driven MHD modes, whereas unlike CHS, redistribution of beam ions due to energetic‐ion driven MHD modes is seen in LHD, suggesting that not all anomalously transported beam ions escape from the plasma (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Long‐Range Correlations During Plasma Transitions in the TJ‐II Stellarator
Authors: Pedrosa M. A. , Hidalgo C. , Silva C. , Carreras B. A. , Carralero D. , Calvo I. , TJ‐II Team
Published: July 2010

The mechanism underlying the development of edge transport barriers is still one of the fundamental issues con‐fronting the magnetic fusion community. The results presented show the importance of long‐range correlation as approaching plasma bifurcations in different plasma scenarios, including biasing induced and spontaneous edge transport bifurcations in ECRH and NBI plasmas. These findings are consistent with the theory of zonal flows, pointing out the importance of both mean and fluctuating electric fields during the development of edge plasma transitions (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Core Plasma Design of a Heliotron Reactor
Authors: Goto T. , Suzuki Y. , Watanabe K. Y. , Imagawa S. , Sagara A.
Published: July 2010

The design of a core plasma with the LHD‐type heliotron configuration has been advanced. Recent design study of a LHD‐type heliotron reactor has shown that the increase in the reactor size is a possible solution to secure a sufficient blanket space. The increase in the reactor size enables a flexible selection of plasma configurations. In this respect, a commercial plant design with the plasma configuration which has a similar shape to that of LHD high‐beta plasma discharge was carried out. A parametric scan with a system design code showed that there exists the design window with engineering constraints and the physics constraints which can be extrapolated from the present experimental achievements. Finite‐beta equilibrium calculations by VMEC code showed that the last closed flux surface which has almost the same shape as that in vacuum equilibrium can be obtained by applying an appropriate additional vertical field (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
L‐H Transition Experiments in TJ‐II
Authors: Estrada T. , Ascasíbar E. , Happel T. , Hidalgo C. , Blanco E. , Jiménez‐Gómez R. , Liniers M. , López‐Bruna D. , Tabarés F.L. , Tafalla D.
Published: July 2010

In the TJ‐II stellarator, L‐ to H‐mode transitions are achieved under NBI heating conditions when operating with lithium coated walls. Several magnetic configurations have been explored in order to study the influence of the rotational transform in the transition. The shear of the negative radial electric field, Er, increases at the L‐H transition by an amount that depends on the magnetic configuration and heating power. Magnetic configurations with and without a low order rational surface close to the plasma edge show differences that may be interpreted in terms of local changes in the radial electric field induced by the rational surface that could facilitate the L‐H transition. Fluctuation measurements show a reduction in the turbulence level that is strongest at the position of maximum Er shear. High temporal and spatial resolution measurements indicate that turbulence reduction precedes the increase in the mean sheared flow, but is simultaneous with the increase in the low frequency oscillating sheared flow. These observations may be interpreted in terms of turbulence suppression by oscillating flows, the so‐called zonal flows (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Overview of Studies on Energetic‐Ion‐Driven MHD Instabiities in Stellarator/Helical Plasmas and Comparison with Tokamaks
Authors: Toi K. , Isobe M. , Osakabe M. , Ogawa K. , Spong D. , Todo Y. , LHD Experiment Group
Published: July 2010

Suppression of anomalous radial transport of alpha particles and beam ions due to energetic ion driven MHD in‐stabilities is one of the critical issues toward D‐T burning plasma experiments in toroidal magnetic confinement devices such as tokamaks and stellarator/helical devices. This paper reports the characteristics of energetic ion driven MHD modes such as Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) and their effects on transport of energetic ions and bulk plasma in the Large Helical Device (LHD) and some different types of stellarator/helical devices. Beneficial impacts of AEs on toroidal plasma confinement are also included. These experimental results on AEs are compared with those in tokamaks, and the important similarities and differences are pointed out that can lead to better understanding of AEs in toroidal plasmas (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Edge Plasma Transport in the Helical Divertor Configuration in LHD
Authors: Masuzaki S. , Kobayashi M. , Murase T. , Morisaki T. , Tokitani M. , Ohyabu N. , Yamada H. , Komori A. , LHD Experiment Group
Published: July 2010

To understand the edge plasma transport in the complex magnetic field lines structure in the LHD heliotoron, the heat and particle fluxes profiles on divertor plates were investigated experimentally and theoretically by using EMC3‐EIRENE code. The heat flux profiles on a divertor plate in different magnetic configuration were measured and the main channel of the heat transport was revealed to be the field lines with long connection lengths which connect the divertor plate and the stochastic field lines layer. A comparison of the heat and the ion fluxes profiles on the divertor plates between the experimental data and the results of the calculation using EMC3‐EIRENE code was conducted. It was revealed that the change of the cross‐field transport in the edge plasma region causes not only the change of the heat and particle flux profiles on divertor plates, but also the changes of the intrinsically non‐uniform global heat and particle deposition profiles on the helical diveror. The cross‐field transport seems to be larger in the higher edge electron temperature discharge in the experimental conditions in this paper (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ideal Perturbed Equilibria in Tokamaks and Control of External Magnetic Perturbations
Authors: Park J.‐K. , Menard J. E. , Boozer A. H. , Schaffer M. J. , Wolfe S. A.
Published: July 2010

Tokamaks are sensitive to deviations from axisymmetry as small as δB /B0 ∼ 0.01% with significant degradation or improvement in performance. Ideal Perturbed Equilibrium Code (IPEC) has been developed in order to understand plasma response to such a small non‐axisymmetric perturbation in tokamaks. IPEC has been benchmarked in cylindrical limits, with CAS3D code, and has been validated through Resonant Field Amplification (RFA) measurements and error field correction results. The calculations of perturbed equilibria, such as IPEC in tokamaks, can be used to decompose the distributions of external magnetic perturbations on a control surface by their importance to critical plasma properties. The coupling between the external field at the control surface and the resonant field driving islands at the rational surfaces determine the most important distribution of external magnetic field on the control surface for island opening and plasma locking. It has been shown that the most important distribution of external magnetic field changes little across various plasma profiles and parameters, indicating the possibility of robust error field corrections. The described IPEC method can be also applied to general 3D geometry if a relevant perturbed equilibrium code such as CAS3D is utilized (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multistep Anchoring Route of Luminescent (5‐Amino‐1,10‐phenanthroline)tris(dibenzoylmethane)europium(III) on Si(100)
Authors: Condorelli Guglielmo G. , Tudisco Cristina , Motta Alessandro , Di Mauro Alessandro , Lupo Fabio , Gulino Antonino , Fragalà Ignazio L.
Published: July 2010

A multistep route for the covalent anchoring of (5‐amino‐1,10‐phenanthroline)tris(dibenzoylmethane)europium(III)molecules on silicon (100) has been developed. The anchoring route consists of Si functionalization with N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) activated carboxylic acid, followed by nucleophilic substitution at the carboxylic acid sites. Characterization of the resulting Si based hybrid materials was achieved by using several complementary techniques: X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflection FTIR spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), AFM and fluorescence spectroscopy. Comparison of results obtained for NHS activated Si surfaces with those of inert alkyl functionalized Si surfaces proved the covalent anchoring of the Eu complex and ruled out the presence of physisorbed Eu species. The 1.8 nm thickness of the grafted layer, estimated by atomic‐force lithography, is compatible with the presence of the anchored complex on the surface. Fluorescence measurements proved that luminescence properties are retained in the grafted complex.
Mono‐, Bi‐, Tri‐ and Tetranuclear Palladium(II), Copper(I), and Gold(I) Complexes of Morpholine‐ and N‐Methylpiperazine‐Functionalized Cyclodiphosph(III)azans, cis‐[(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8X)2] (X = O, NMe)
Authors: Balakrishna Maravanji S. , Suresh Devarajan , Mague Joel T.
Published: July 2010

Bis(amido)cyclodiphosphazanes, cis‐[(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8O)2] (2) and cis‐[(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8NMe)2] (3) were synthesized by treating the corresponding amines with cis‐[ClP(tBuN‐μ)2PCl] (1). The stoichiometric reactions of 2 or 3 with elemental sulfur and selenium afforded the bis‐chalcogenides, cis‐[(tBuN‐μ)2(P(E)NC4H8X)2] (X = O, E = S; 4, X = NMe, E = S; 5, X = O, E = Se; 6, X = O, E = Se; 7). The reactions of 2 or 3 with [PdCl2(SMe2)2] produced exclusively the mononuclear trans‐[PdCl2{(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8X)2}2] (X = O; 8, X = NMe; 9), whereas the reactions with [Pd(μ‐Cl)(η3‐C3H5)]2 afforded the bimetallic complexes [{PdCl(η3‐C3H5)}2{(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8X)2}] (X = O; 10, X = NMe; 11) in good yield. Treatment of 2 or 3 with [AuCl(SMe2)] in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios yielded the mono‐ and binuclear complexes, [{AuCl(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8O)2}] (X = O; 12, X = NMe; 13), [{AuCl}2{(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8O)2}] (X = O; 14, X = NMe; 15), respectively. The PdII (8) and AuI (12) complexes were used as metallo‐ligands to prepare homo‐ and heterometallic complexes, trans‐[PdCl2{(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8O)2}2{Pd(η3‐C3H5)Cl}2] (16), trans‐[PdCl2{(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8O)2}2(AuCl)2] (17), and [Cu(CH3CN)(μ‐Cl)2Cu(CH3CN){(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8O)2}2(AuI)2](18). The crystal structures of 2, 4, 7–9, 14, 15, and 18 were established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies.
Toner and paper‐based fabrication techniques for microfluidic applications
Authors: Coltro Wendell Karlos Tomazelli , de Jesus Dosil Pereira , da Silva José Alberto Fracassi , do Lago Claudimir Lucio , Carrilho Emanuel
Published: July 2010

The interest in low‐cost microfluidic platforms as well as emerging microfabrication techniques has increased considerably over the last years. Toner‐ and paper‐based techniques have appeared as two of the most promising platforms for the production of disposable devices for on‐chip applications. This review focuses on recent advances in the fabrication techniques and in the analytical/bioanalytical applications of toner and paper‐based devices. The discussion is divided in two parts dealing with (i) toner and (ii) paper devices. Examples of miniaturized devices fabricated by using direct‐printing or toner transfer masking in polyester‐toner, glass, PDMS as well as conductive platforms as recordable compact disks and printed circuit board are presented. The construction and the use of paper‐based devices for off‐site diagnosis and bioassays are also described to cover this emerging platform for low‐cost diagnostics.
Continuous sorting and separation of microparticles by size using AC dielectrophoresis in a PDMS microfluidic device with 3‐D conducting PDMS composite electrodes
Authors: Lewpiriyawong Nuttawut , Yang Chun , Lam Yee Cheong
Published: July 2010

Soft lithography technology allows for the development of numerous PDMS‐based microfluidic devices for manipulation of particles and cells. However, integrating metallic electrodes with PDMS‐based channel structures is challenging due to weak adhesion between metal and PDMS. To overcome this issue, we develop a new PDMS‐based microfluidic device for continuous sorting and separation of microparticles by size using AC dielectrophoresis (DEP) with 3‐D conducting PDMS composites as sidewall electrodes. The composites are synthesized by mixing silver powders with PDMS gel and such composite electrodes can easily be integrated with the PDMS microchannels. Furthermore, the sidewall electrodes also allow DEP forces to distribute three dimensionally, thus enhancing DEP effects in the entire region of channels. The capability of such PDMS‐based microfluidic device is demonstrated for continuously sorting and separating 10 and 15 μm particles, and also for separating 5 from 10 μm particles. Together with experimental results, analysis of particle's trajectory based on Lagrangian approach provides insights into how microparticles transport under the effects of hydrodynamic and DEP forces in the present PDMS‐based microfluidic device.
In‐line extraction employing functionalized magnetic particles for capillary and microchip electrophoresis
Authors: Tennico Yolanda H. , Remcho Vincent T.
Published: July 2010

An approach to performing in‐line extraction employing functionalized magnetic particles for CE and microchip electrophoresis is presented. Silica‐coated iron oxide particles were synthesized and used as the solid support. The particles were functionalized with octadecylsilane and used as reverse‐phase sorbents for in‐line SPE followed by electrophoresis. Magnets were used to locally immobilize these sorbents inside the capillary or microchip. Extraction, elution, and detection of the analytes were performed sequentially without interruption or need for sample handling. Mixtures of hydrophobic analytes were successfully extracted from solution using the synthesized magnetic sorbents. CE was able to extract and separate mixture of parabens within 10 min. In‐line extraction was also carried out on a disposable PMMA microfluidic device with LIF detection. Electrophoretic separation of fluorescent dyes, Rhodamine 110 and SulfoRhodamine B, was completed in under a minute. The results demonstrated the feasibility of performing the in‐line extraction/separation technique in a microchip platform enabling rapid analysis, low sorbent consumption, and increased analyte recovery (relative to the capillary format).
Human‐caused stratigraphic mixing of a coastal Hawaiian midden during prehistory: Implications for interpreting cultural deposits
Authors: Khaweerat Sasiphan , Weisler Marshall , Zhao Jian‐xin , Feng Yue‐xing , Yu Kefu
Published: July 2010

Archaeologists rely on the spatial and temporal distribution of artifacts and other site‐based materials to understand the stratigraphic integrity of the matrix in which remains are embedded. Although they are aware of taphonomic and site formation processes that can cause post‐depositional movement of objects, misinterpretation can occur. We used high‐precision 230Th dating of branch corals found throughout cultural layers of a coastal Hawaiian midden to identify the effects of post‐depositional disturbances to the archaeological record. Fifteen corals distributed in three cultural layers of a Mo'omomi bay site on west Moloka'i, Hawaiian Islands, were 230Th dated between A.D. 1513 and A.D. 1623. Even though the cultural layers appeared visually intact, the positions of the dated coral samples indicate stratigraphic mixing as there is no positive age–depth correlation. Consequently, all cultural layers should be considered one analytical unit for analysis of contents. This study is applicable to other Pacific archaeological sites, especially throughout Hawaii and East Polynesia generally, that have well‐preserved branch coral for 230Th dating. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Post‐excavation deterioration of the Copney Bronze Age Stone Circle Complex: A geomorphological perspective
Authors: Warke Patricia A. , Curran Joanne M. , Smith Bernard J. , Gardiner Mark , Foley Claire
Published: July 2010

Post‐excavation deterioration of stones from under blanket peat at the Copney Bronze Age Stone Circle Complex in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, proceeded through widespread scaling, flaking, and splitting of stones. Investigation showed that prior to burial the porphyritic stones already possessed a complex legacy of geological weaknesses derived from hydrothermal alteration and tectonic deformation. Analysis indicated that significant alteration occurred during approximately 2000 years of burial under acidic peat cover, with development of a secondary porosity, alteration of primary minerals, and the opening of preexisting lines of weakness within the stones. Burial under peat also resulted in “bleaching” the stones so that they appeared white in color following excavation. These alterations during burial left the stones in a significantly weakened state and particularly susceptible to the effects of subaerial weathering processes. Data underline the potential fragility of excavated stonework and highlight the need to plan for its aftercare before complete excavation is undertaken. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variation in innate immunity genes and risk of multiple myeloma
Authors: Purdue Mark P. , Lan Qing , Menashe Idan , Zheng Tongzhang , Zhang Yawei , Yeager Meredith , Hosgood H. Dean , Zahm Shelia H. , Chanock Stephen J. , Rothman Nathaniel , Baris Dalsu
Published: July 2010

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B‐cell lymphoid malignancy suspected to be associated with immunologic factors. Given recent findings associating single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in innate immunity genes with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, we conducted an investigation of innate immune gene variants using specimens from a population‐based case‐control study of MM conducted in Connecticut women. Tag SNPs (N = 1461) summarizing common variation in 149 gene regions were genotyped in non‐Hispanic Caucasian subjects (103 cases, 475 controls). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) relating SNP associations with MM were computed using unconditional logistic regression, while the MinP test was used to investigate associations with MM at the gene level. We calculated permutation‐adjusted P‐values and false discovery rates (FDR) to account for the number of comparisons performed in SNP‐level and gene‐level tests, respectively. Three genes were associated with MM when controlling for a FDR of ≤10%: SERPINE1 (PMinP < 0.0001; FDR = 0.02), CCR7 (PMinP = 0.0006; FDR = 0.06) and HGF (PMinP = 0.001; FDR = 0.08). Two SNPs demonstrated robust associations: SERPINE1 rs2227667 (P = 2.1 × 10−5, Ppermutation = 0.03) and HGF rs17501108 (P = 5.0 × 10−5, Ppermutation = 0.07). Our findings suggest that genetic variants in SERPINE1 and HGF, and possibly CCR7, are associated with MM risk, and warrant further investigation in other studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overestimation of the 25(OH)D serum concentration with the automated IDS EIA kit
Authors: Cavalier Etienne , Huberty Véronique , Cormier Catherine , Souberbielle Jean-Claude
Published: July 2010

We have recently observed an increasing number of patients presenting very high serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (> 150 ng/mL), which, in all cases, had been measured with the IDS EIA kit adapted on different “open” automated platforms. We performed a comparison between the IDS EIA kit adapted on two different “open”automated platforms and the DiaSorin RIA. We found a systematic bias (higher levels with the IDS EIA kit) for concentrations more than 50–60 ng/mL that was less obvious when the IDS EIA was used in its manual procedure. We thus suggest to use the IDS EIA kit in its manual procedure rather than to adapt it on an automated platform, and to interpret cautiously a 25(OH)D greater than 100 ng/mL with this kit. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
An investigation into the relationship between soft tissue body composition and bone mineral density in a young adult twin sample
Authors: Bogl Leonie H , Latvala Antti , Kaprio Jaakko , Sovijärvi Olli , Rissanen Aila , Pietiläinen Kirsi H
Published: July 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) with bone mineral density (BMD) independent of genetic effects. We also assessed the extent to which genetic and environmental influences explain the associations between these phenotypes. Body composition and BMD were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 57 monozygotic and 92 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs, aged 23 to 31 years, chosen to represent a wide range of intrapair differences in body mass index (BMI; 0 to 15.2 kg/m2). Heritability estimates were adjusted for height and gender. In multiple linear regression analysis, intrapair differences in both FM and LM were independently associated with intrapair differences in BMD at most skeletal sites after adjustment for gender and differences in height. Within monozygotic and dizygotic pairs, LM was a significantly stronger predictor of whole-body BMD than FM (p < .01). Additive genetic factors explained 87% [95% confidence interval (CI) 80%–91%), 81% (95% CI 70%–88%), and 61% (95% CI 41%–75%) of the variation in whole-body BMD, LM, and FM, respectively. Additive genetic factors also accounted for 69% to 88% of the covariance between LM and BMD and for 42% to 72% of the covariance between FM and BMD depending on the skeletal site. The genetic correlation between LM and whole-body BMD (rg = 0.46, 95% CI 0.32–0.58) was greater than that of FM and whole-body BMD (rg = 0.25, 95% CI 0.05–0.42). In conclusion, our data indicate that peak BMD is influenced by acquired body weight as well as genetic factors. In young adulthood, LM and BMD may have more genes in common than do FM and BMD. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Interaction identification of Zif268 and TATAZF proteins with GC‐/AT‐rich DNA sequence: A theoretical study
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhu Yanyan , Wang Yan , Chen Guangju
Published: July 2010

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for Zif268 (a zinc‐finger‐protein binding specifically to the GC‐rich DNA)‐d(A1G2C3G4T5G6G7G8C9A10C11)2 and TATAZF (a zinc‐finger‐protein recognizing the AT‐rich DNA)‐d(A1C2G3C4T5A6T7A8A9A10A11G12G13)2 complexes have been performed for investigating the DNA binding affinities and specific recognitions of zinc fingers to GC‐rich and AT‐rich DNA sequences. The binding free energies for the two systems have been further analyzed by using the molecular mechanics Poisson‐Boltzmann surface area (MM‐PBSA) method. The calculations of the binding free energies reveal that the affinity energy of Zif268‐DNA complex is larger than that of TATAZF‐DNA one. The affinity between the zinc‐finger‐protein and DNA is mainly driven by more favorable van‐der‐Waals and nonpolar/solvation interactions in both complexes. However, the affinity energy difference of the two binding systems is mainly caused by the difference of van‐der‐Waals interactions and entropy components. The decomposition analysis of MM‐PBSA free energies on each residue of the proteins predicts that the interactions between the residues with the positive charges and DNA favor the binding process; while the interactions between the residues with the negative charges and DNA behave in the opposite way. The interhydrogen‐bonds at the protein‐DNA interface and the induced intrafinger hydrogen bonds between the residues of protein for the Zif268‐DNA complex have been identified at some key contact sites. However, only the interhydrogen‐bonds between the residues of protein and DNA for TATAZF‐DNA complex have been found. The interactions of hydrogen‐bonds, electrostatistics and van‐der‐Waals type at some new contact sites have been identified. Moreover, the recognition characteristics of the two studied zinc‐finger‐proteins have also been discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
The induction of tuftelin expression in PC12 cell line during hypoxia and NGF‐induced differentiation
Authors: Leiser Yoav , Silverstein Nechama , Blumenfeld Anat , Shilo Dekel , Haze Amir , Rosenfeld Eli , Shay Boaz , Tabakman Rinat , Lecht Shimon , Lazarovici Philip , Deutsch Dan
Published: July 2010

The tuftelin protein isoforms undergo post‐translation modifications, and are ubiquitously expressed in various tissues in embryos, adults, and tumors. Developmental and pathological studies suggested an apparent correlation between oxygen deprivation and tuftelin expression. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate the effect of a pathological insult (hypoxia) and a physiological growth factor (NGF), which antagonistically regulate HIF1 expression, on tuftelin expression using the neuronal PC12 cell model. In the present study, we first demonstrated the expression of tuftelin in PC12 cells, providing an experimental system to investigate the pathophysiological role of tuftelin. Furthermore, we demonstrated the induction of tuftelin during hypoxia by oxygen deprivation and during chemical hypoxia by cobalt chloride. Down‐regulation of HIF1α mRNA blocked hypoxia‐induced HIF1α expression, and reduced by 89% hypoxia‐induced tuftelin expression. In mice, intraperitoneal injection of cobalt chloride significantly induced tuftelin mRNA and protein expression in the brain. During NGF‐mediated PC12 differentiation, tuftelin expression was significantly induced in correlation with neurite outgrowth. This induction was partially blocked by K252a, a selective antagonist of the NGF receptor TrkA, indicating the involvement of the TrkA‐signaling pathways in tuftelin induction by NGF. Revealing the physiological role of tuftelin will clarify mechanisms related to the “hypoxic genome,” and NGF‐induced neurotrophic and angiogenic effects. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 165–172, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crossing barriers: The new dimension of 2D cell migration assays
Authors: van Horssen Remco , ten Hagen Timo L.M.
Published: July 2010

In our body cells move in three dimensions, embedded in an extracellular matrix that varies in composition, density and stiffness, and this movement is fundamental to life. Next to 3D cell migration assays, representing these physiological circumstances, still we need 2D migrations assays to perform detailed studies on the contribution of matrix‐components and (extra)cellular proteins to cell movements. Next to the debate on differences between 3D and 2D migration, there also are many new perspectives on the use and development of novel or modified 2D cell migration assays. Of special significance is the introduction of so‐called barrier migration assays, methods that avoid cell and matrix damage, as complementation or replacement of scratch/wound healing assays. Here, we discuss the possibilities and limitations of different 2D barrier migration assays. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 288–290, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reciprocal modulation between TH17 and other helper T cell lineages
Authors: Bi Yujing , Liu Guangwei , Yang Ruifu
Published: July 2010

T helper 17 (TH17) cells have well‐described roles in autoimmune disease. However, TH17 is not stable in some physiological or pathological courses. Also, TH17 cells can reciprocally modulate and convert into other helper T cell subpopulations. The fully exploring the reciprocal regulatory effects and its immunoregulatory mechanisms are becoming interesting topics in the immunological study. In this review, we summarized reciprocal modulation pattern between TH17 cell and other helper T cell subpopulations in the mouse model of autoimmune diseases and human diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 8–13, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The physiology and pathology of inositide signaling in the nucleus
Authors: Ramazzotti Giulia , Faenza Irene , Fiume Roberta , Matteucci Alessandro , Piazzi Manuela , Follo Matilde Yung , Cocco Lucio
Published: July 2010

Nuclear inositide signaling is nowadays a well‐established issue and a growing field of investigation, even though the very first evidence came out at the end of the 1980's. The understanding of its biological role is supported by the recent acquisitions dealing with pathology and namely hematological malignancies. Here, we review this issue highlighting the main achievements in the last years. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 14–20, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of caveolin‐1 in fibronectin‐induced mouse embryonic stem cell proliferation: Role of FAK, RhoA, PI3K/Akt, and ERK 1/2 pathways
Authors: Park Jae Hong , Ryu Jung Min , Han Ho Jae
Published: July 2010

Fibronectin (FN) is the foremost proliferation‐associated extracellular matrix component promoting cell adhesion, migration, and survival. We examined the effect of FN on cell proliferation and the related signaling pathways in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. FN increased integrin β1, Src, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and caveolin‐1 phosphorylation levels in a time‐dependent manner. Phosphorylation of Src, FAK, and caveolin‐1 was attenuated by integrin β1 neutralizing antibody. Integrin β1, Src, and FAK coimmunoprecipitated with caveolin‐1 in the presence of FN. In addition, FN increased RhoA and Rho kinase activation, which were completely blocked by PP2, FAK small interfering RNA (siRNA), caveolin‐1 siRNA, or the caveolar disruptor methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (MβCD). FN also increased phosphorylation of Akt and ERK 1/2, which were significantly blocked by either FAK siRNA, caveolin‐1 siRNA, MβCD, GGTI‐286 (RhoA inhibitor), or Y‐27632 (Rho kinase inhibitor). FN‐induced increase of protooncogenes (c‐fos, c‐myc, and c‐Jun) and cell‐cycle regulatory proteins (cyclin D1/CDK4 and cyclin E/CDK2) expression levels were attenuated by FAK siRNA or caveolin‐1 siRNA. Furthermore, inhibition of each pathway such as integrin β1, Src, FAK, caveolin‐1, RhoA, Akt, and ERK 1/2 blocked FN‐induced [3H]‐thymidine incorporation. We conclude that FN stimulates mouse ES cell proliferation via RhoA‐PI3K/Akt‐ERK 1/2 pathway through caveolin‐1 phosphorylation. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 267–275, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Countercurrent purification of the tetrahydro iso‐α acids derived from Humulus lupulus L.
Authors: Dahlberg Clinton J. , Traub James S. , Tripp Matthew L. , Bland Jeffrey S. , Carroll Brian J.
Published: July 2010

Recent biological research has shown that commercially available tetrahydro iso‐α acid (THIAA) extract exhibits a significant anti‐inflammatory response in cellular assays. To further elucidate the mechanism of the response, a method was developed and optimized for the purification of three THIAA cis congeners that are found in commercially available modified hop (Humulus lupulus L.) extracts. Utilizing a Pharmatech Research hydrodynamic countercurrent separation instrument, the choice of solvent, pH and buffer composition were optimized to increase the overall efficiency. It was determined that a quaternary HEMWat (7:3:5:5, pH 5.3) solvent system is optimal for separating cis and trans diastereomers, whereas the binary solvent system of hexanes and aqueous buffer (1:1, pH 6.8) is optimal for the isolation of individual congeners. The optimal countercurrent separation method allows for sample loadings of 3 mg of sample per milliliter of column volume, minimal purification times (1–4 h) and greater than 90% homogeneity of individual THIAA congeners.
Comparison of columns packed with porous sub‐2 μm particles and superficially porous sub‐3 μm particles for peptide analysis at ambient and high temperature
Authors: Ruta Josephine , Guillarme Davy , Rudaz Serge , Veuthey Jean‐Luc
Published: July 2010

The objective of this study was to evaluate various chromatographic approaches for peptide analysis. Initially, the ultra‐HPLC (UHPLC) strategy, which consists of using columns packed with sub‐2 μm particles at a maximal pressure of 1000 bar, was tested. To limit the backpressure generated by small particles, columns packed with superficially porous sub‐3 μm particles (fused‐core technology) that should theoretically improve mass transfer, particularly beneficial for large biomolecules, were investigated. To evaluate these claims, kinetic plots were constructed in both isocratic and gradient modes at ambient and elevated temperature (up to 90°C). For peptide analysis, both UHPLC and fused‐core technologies showed a significant gain in peak capacity when compared with conventional HPLC using 5 μm particles and monolithic supports. Additionally, it has been shown that high temperature was of utmost interest to further improve kinetic performance and peak shape due to the improvement of secondary interaction kinetics. Finally, the best conditions developed for UHPLC using the gradient kinetic plot methodology were applied to the analysis of a complex tryptic digest of various proteins. The expected and experimental peak capacity values obtained were similar. In addition, the resolving power of UHPLC at 60°C was appropriate for resolving complex mixtures of peptides.
Capillary electrophoresis characterization of molecularly imprinted polymer particles in fast binding with 17β‐estradiol
Authors: DeMaleki Zack , Lai Edward. P. C. , Dabek‐Zlotorzynska Ewa
Published: July 2010

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) submicron particles were synthesized, using either ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as a cross‐linker, specifically for recognition of 17β‐estradiol (E2). HPLC with fluorescence detection (HPLC‐FD) results showed that 90(±5)% of E2 bound onto these particles after 2 min of incubation, and 96(±3)% after long equilibrium. The binding capacity was 8(±3) μmol/g for MIP particles prepared using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and 33–43(±8) μmol/g for using trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. CE separation of MIP and non‐imprinted polymer particles was successful when 50 mM borate buffer (pH 8.5) containing 0.005% w/v EOTrol™ LN in reverse polarity (−30 kV) was used. The electrophoretic mobilities of MIP and non‐imprinted polymer particles, together with dynamic light scattering measurement of particle sizes, allowed for an estimation of their surface charges. Automated injection of E2 and particles in mixture set a lower limit of 20(±1) s on incubation time for the study of fast binding kinetics. The presence of E2 and bisphenol A (BPA) together tested the selectivity of MIP particles, when the two compounds competed for available binding cavities or sites. Addition of E2 after BPA confirmed E2 occupation of the specific binding cavities, via displacement of BPA.
Plant‐based food and feed protein structure changes induced by gene‐transformation, heating and bio‐ethanol processing: A synchrotron‐based molecular structure and nutrition research program
Authors: Yu Peiqiang
Published: July 2010

Unlike traditional “wet” analytical methods which during processing for analysis often result in destruction or alteration of the intrinsic protein structures, advanced synchrotron radiation‐based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy has been developed as a rapid and nondestructive and bioanalytical technique. This cutting‐edge synchrotron‐based bioanalytical technology, taking advantages of synchrotron light brightness (million times brighter than sun), is capable of exploring the molecular chemistry or structure of a biological tissue without destruction inherent structures at ultra‐spatial resolutions. In this article, a novel approach is introduced to show the potential of the advanced synchrotron‐based analytical technology, which can be used to study plant‐based food or feed protein molecular structure in relation to nutrient utilization and availability. Recent progress was reported on using synchrotron‐based bioanalytical technique synchrotron radiation‐based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy to detect the effects of gene‐transformation (Application 1), autoclaving (Application 2), and bio‐ethanol processing (Application 3) on plant‐based food and feed protein structure changes on a molecular basis. The synchrotron‐based technology provides a new approach for plant‐based protein structure research at ultra‐spatial resolutions at cellular and molecular levels.
Pelvic organ dysfunction is more prevalent and severe in MSA‐P compared to parkinson's disease
Authors: Yamamoto T. , Sakakibara R. , Uchiyama T. , Yamaguchi C. , Nomura F. , Ito T. , Yanagisawa M. , Yano M. , Awa Y. , Yamanishi T. , Hattori T. , Kuwabara S.
Published: July 2010

Aims

It is usually difficult to distinguish between idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonian‐type multiple system atrophy (MSA‐P) in the early stage. However, it is important to make a careful early‐stage diagnosis. Therefore, we determined whether an examination of pelvic organ dysfunction would be helpful to distinguish between PD and MSA‐P.

Methods

We recruited 61 patients with PD and 54 patients with MSA‐P who were examined at our neurology clinic. The mean ages of the patients with PD and MSA‐P were 67 and 64 years, respectively. The mean disease duration of both groups was 3.2 years. We administered a questionnaire on pelvic organ dysfunction to the PD and MSA‐P groups. The questionnaire had sections focusing on bladder, bowel, and sexual function. Dysfunction, as described in the responses, was evaluated as normal, mild (>once a month), moderate (>once a week), or severe (>once a day). The Mann–Whitney U‐test was used for statistical analysis.

Results

Compared with the PD group, the prevalence and severity of pelvic dysfunction in the MSA‐P group was significantly higher for urinary urgency (MSA‐P 76%, PD 58%, P < 0.05), retardation in initiating urination (79%, 48%, P < 0.05), prolongation in urination (79%, 72%, P < 0.05), and constipation (58%, 31%, P < 0.05). The quality‐of‐life index among pelvic organ dysfunctions indicated that urinary and bowel function was significantly more impaired in the MSA‐P group than in the PD group.

Conclusions

Urinary urgency, retardation in initiating urination, prolongation in urination, and constipation are more prevalent and severe in MSA‐P compared to PD. Neurourol. Urodyn. 30:102–107, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced flow behaviors of metallocene‐catalyzed linear low‐density polyethylene during ultrasound‐assisted extrusion
Authors: Wu Hong , Bao Wenting , Guo Shaoyun
Published: July 2010

The effect of ultrasound on flow behaviors of metallocene‐catalyzed linear low‐density polyethylene (mLLDPE) melt in capillary‐like die during the extrusion is investigated in this article. The rise in die temperature is found with increasing ultrasound power, especially at lower initial die temperature. At the same die temperature, the presence of ultrasound can decrease the apparent viscosity and the viscous flow activation energy of mLLDPE melt then increase its slip velocity at the capillary wall in the die. The flow behavior of mLLDPE melt is enhanced during ultrasound‐assisted extrusion as the presence of ultrasound can enhance the mobility and the orientation of entangled segments. It is also found that ultrasound can break the dispersed phase of mLLDPE/polyolefin elastomer (POE) blend into small pieces thus improve the homogeneous dispersion of POE phase in mLLDPE matrix. A possible mechanism for enhanced flow behaviors of mLLDPE melt because of the presence of ultrasound is also proposed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Modification of physical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane by incorporation of low‐molecular‐weight diurethanes
Authors: Fiorio Rudinei , Zattera Ademir José , Ferreira Carlos Arthur
Published: July 2010

In this study, two diurethanes were synthesized and blended with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and the effects of the incorporation of these diurethanes on the physical properties of the TPU were evaluated. The diurethanes were obtained reacting 4,4′‐diphenylmethane‐diisocyanate with 1‐butanol (Additive 1) or 1‐octanol (Additive 2). An increase in the amount of Additive 1 promoted a reduction in the rigid phase glass transition temperature (Tg), while an increase in the amount of Additive 2 caused an increase in the Tg of this phase. Processing of the TPU increased the hardness and elastic modulus and decreased the tensile stress at break. Addition of diurethanes did not promote significant changes in the hardness and stress‐strain behavior, compared with the processed TPU; however, increasing the additive content decreased the elongation and tensile stress at break. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed that incorporation of diurethanes into TPU led to migration of these additives. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers