bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management Of Early Childhood Caries A Perpetual Challenge To Clinician
Authors: Jayakumar HL , Mahesh Chandra K , Pallavi H N , Jyothi D
Published: July 2019

The incidence of Early Childhood caries is increasing due to complex behavioral variations among the children; the dental professionals are facing an uphill task to manage this condition in their routine practice. Many treatment protocols have been designed, each one claiming a distinct advantage over the other. Early childhood caries still remains an incompletely managed oral disease leading to prevalence of increased disease load among children.
Inverted and Impacted Third Molar
Authors: Chandra Ramesh , Kaushal Ambrish
Published: July 2019

A case of unilateral impacted and inverted third molar has been reported. Its management should be performed in the conservative way to avoid conservative way to avoid serious consequences.
Lip Prints - Can it Aid in Individual Identification
Authors: Nagesh L , Amith HV
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To compare the Lip Print Patterns of males and females, and to find out quadrant wise and sex wise predilection of lip print patterns.

Materials and Methods

A total of 200 dental students who satisfied the eligibility criteria were selected. Lip impressions of all these subjects were recorded. Suzuki's classification of Lip Prints was used and the results were analyzed.

Results

Type II pattern was dominant in males in the Third and Fourth quadrants. Type III pattern did not occur in Third and Fourth quadrants at all. It has occurred in First/ Second quadrant exclusively in males. The results were found to be statistically significant.

Conclusions

With these results it can be concluded that Lip Prints are characteristic of an individual and behold a potential in individual identification like the Finger Prints. Further longitudinal investigations with larger sample size should be carried out to know more about this science.
Bio Medical Waste And Dentistry
Authors: Singh Ajay , Agarwal Bhaskar , Agarwal Srishti , Shekhar Abhinav
Published: July 2019

This article provides dentists with the information they need to properly dispose of mercury and amalgam waste, and provides suggestions for managing the other wastes that result from the day-to-day activities of a dental office such as used X-ray fixers and developers; cleaners for X-ray developer systems; lead foils, shields and aprons; chemiclave/chemical sterilant solutions; disinfectants, cleaners, and other chemicals; and, general office waste.
Gum Bugs Hit Heart: State-of-the-Science
Authors: Luthra Kaushal , Luthra Sarita , Aggarwal Nidhi , Luthra Shaily
Published: July 2019

Gingival bleeding is a hallmark of chronic periodontal disease; it is likely that the bacteria associated with this disease may produce a low level bacteraemia over extended time periods and the periodontal bacteria enter the bloodstream and travel to major organs like the heart. Microbial infections associated with periodontal disease contribute to cardiovascular disease via transient bacteraemia. Inflammatory and immunological mechanisms which may link periodontal infection and athermanous diseases may be numerous and diverse, potentially involving various cellular and molecular components, direct effects of bacteremia and indirect effects of periodontal tissue inflammation.
Barodontalgia: A Clinical Entity
Authors: Gaur Tarun K , Shrivastava Tarun V
Published: July 2019

Barodontalgia is the oral pain caused by the changes in the pressure caused due to altitude changes either on deep sea diving or inflight conditions. Barodontalgia is one of the important clinical entities which present with such overlapping signs and symptoms, that in normal clinical setup the pain due to barodontalgia goes unnoticed. Also the literature available in textbooks is also less informative and revealing of the nature of pain caused due to barodontalgia. Hence this article focuses on those untouched aspects of barodontalgia which are to be paid attention.
Supplemental Mesiodens with Facial Talons Cusp-An Unusual Case Report
Authors: Neeraja R , Kayalvizhi G
Published: July 2019

Supernumerary tooth is one that is additional to the normal series and can be found in almost any region of the dental arch. Mesiodens is the most common type of supernumerary tooth found in the premaxilla between two central incisors. Talon cusp is a supernumerary structure projecting from the dento-enamel junction to a variable distance towards the incisal edge of an anterior tooth and mostly on the palatal aspect. Only few have been reported on the facial aspect of the teeth. Here we present a case of a ten year old male child with supplemental mesiodens associated with facial talons cusp.
Prosthetically Driven Implant Placement with Immediate Function in the Esthetic Zone - A Case Report
Authors: Rathee Manu , Luthra Kaushal , Luthra Sarita
Published: July 2019

A waiting period of two weeks after osteotomy increases the surrounding tissue activity to its maximum level as collagen formation and neo-angiogenesis represents a relaxed and acceptable implant bed configuration. In this case delayed implant placement protocol and conventional implant placement was followed with immediate function of esthetics, phonetics and comfort with implant restoration in the esthetic zone with minimal invasive approach. Early osteotomy with delayed implant placement showed lesser bone resorption and higher success rates than conventional implant placement.
Evaluation of Awareness Among Muslim Parents of Preschool Children in Udaipur City of Rajasthan India, Regarding the Importance of Primary Dentition
Authors: Arora Ruchi
Published: July 2019

Aim

Little data is available on the initiative shown by the Muslim parents for dental health care of their children. This study was conducted to evaluate the awareness among Muslim parents of preschool children in Udaipur city of Rajasthan India, regarding the importance of primary teeth.

Material and Methods

A total of hundred Muslim parents of preschool children were included in the study with equal ratio of males and females. Self-administered questionnaire were given to the parents to be completed by holding interactive meetings with the help of respective community heads. Chi-square test was applied and significance level was calculated.

Results

The results showed that a high proportion of parents were unaware of their children's dental needs. It was surprising to note that the male parents (67.7%) were more aware as compared to the female parents (58.2%).

Conculusion

Parents lack adequate knowledge on importance of the primary teeth; hence, there is an increasing need to increase the knowledge of parents through effective strategies. Educational background appeared to influence the level of awareness of the importance of primary dentition.
Fresh Mouth is a Gateway to a Healthy Body – An Overview of Current Use of Chlorhexidine
Authors: Gambhir Ramandeep Singh , Sohi Ramandeep Kaur , Randhawa Amaninder , Bansal Vikram , Sogi G.M , Veeresha KL
Published: July 2019

For the past many years intensive research has been conducted on various chemical agents, as adjunct to mechanical plaque control measures, for the reduction of oral diseases. Various chemical formulations are available for control of plaque which is the causative factor in gingivitis. Extensive amount of literature is present, providing proof of efficacy of chlorhexidine in plaque control. After three decades of use by the dental profession, chlorhexidine is still recognized as the gold standard against which other antiplaque and antigingivitis agents are measured. It is both bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal in nature owing to different concentrations. Chlorhexidine is available in different forms like gels, sprays, mouth rinses etc. It appears to be mainly useful in situations where oral hygiene is difficult to maintain.
Prevalence of Gingivitis Among Children Living in Bhopal
Authors: Hiremath Vinaykumar , Mishra Nishi , Patil Anandkumar G , Sheetal Aparna , Kumar Sheetal
Published: July 2019

Objective

Study was conducted to determine prevalence of gingivitis amongst school going children between 5-13 years old around sub-urban area of Bhopal city.

Method

A total of 928 children (510 boys and 418 girls of age 5-13 years were examined). Out of 928 children 738 showed gingivitis.

Results

Prevalence of gingivitis was seen more in boys than girls. Age wise prevalence was evident amongst the children who were between the ages of 5-7 years.

Conclusion

This indicates the need for community health activities and awareness program.
Articulator and Facebow: Review of Literature and History of Articulators
Authors: Batra P
Published: July 2019

Articulators and facebows are the integral part of any branch of prosthodontics. We all have seen, the constant innovation, expansion and evolution of these two important instruments through the years. The core aim of this article is to bring in light, the way these instruments were used around more than five decades back till recent times as well as theories and principles related to their uses are also changing as the passes. This review has shown conclusions of many researchers on so many concepts like superiority of arcon articulator over non-arcon articulators, survey of their use in dental school/ colleges, various techniques of recording jaw movements like transographic, stereographic, axiographic, digital & more and importance of terminal hinge axis. Efforts were made and still going on to record the accurate jaw movements in order to make a prosthesis which functions harmoniously and also preserve the remaining tissues, which is a big aim of prosthodontics.
Management of Syncope in Dental Camps
Authors: Gururaju CR , Raghu KM , Thanuja R , Jayaprakash K
Published: July 2019

Syncope is a transient, self-limiting, self-correcting loss of consciousness, usually leading to fall on prolonged standing. The normal circulation is restored immediately after the collapse lest the patient is suffering from any underlying diseases. Dental camps as an adjunct to public health dentistry provide awareness and treatment but lack hospital level management or emergency support system. Hence, in a dental camp, a dental practitioner should be well aware of the prevention and treatment practices to manage patients experiencing syncope with available limited resources. The present article summarizes such treatment guidelines for efficient management of syncope in dental camps till the medical emergency unit arrive thus facilitating better health care delivery.
Prevalence of Caries and Periodontal Disease in Betel Quid Chewers in Relation to Gender
Authors: Wali A , Siddiqui TM , Taqi M , Niazi N , LNU Rizwaullah
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of our study is to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in betel quid chewers in relation to gender and to determine the treatment need and priorities in Betel quid chewers attending Baqai Dental College.

Material and Method

A cross sectional study conducted among patients selected from the out patient department of Baqai Dental College Karachi. A total of 100 patients aged between 22 to 60 years participated in the study. Patients with consumption of minimum seven betel quid since at least 6 months were included. Informed consent was obtained before the study began and each patient completed a questionnaire. The purpose of which was to access and obtain the information about the betel quid habits. Patients were asked to proceed for an oral examination as soon as they had finished filling the questionnaire. Reliability and validity of data was analyzed by chi square test using SPSS 19.0 version.

Result

A Total of 100 patients were examined in this survey. The total number of sound teeth in males was 443(84%) and total number of teeth with decay was 85(16%). The total number of sound teeth in females was 207(76%) and total number of teeth with decay was 65(24%). Female subjects showed 61% of pocket 4-5mm, mostly observed in lower right first molar. In males 4-5mm pocket was 80%, Bleeding on probing was 1% in females and 4% in males. Pocket greater than 6mm was 27% in females and 16% in males.

Conclusion

The present study concluded that effect of dental caries in betel quid chewers is less. A high prevalence rate of periodontal disease was found in betel quid chewers.
Usefulness of Oral Exfoliative Cytology in Dental Practice
Authors: Saxena S , Kaur M , Samantha YP , Chawla G , Yadav G
Published: July 2019

Early detection of oral cancers is not easy, because oral precancerous lesions and early oral cancers can mimic many benign conditions in the mouth, leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment. There is a need to emphasize the early diagnosis of oral cancers in order to reduce the unacceptably high morbidity and mortality. Oral exfoliative cytology can be a powerful tool for early detection of malignant and premalignant lesions as well as for some viral and fungal infections. The use of oral exfoliative cytology in clinical practice declined due to the subjective nature of its interpretation and because there may be only a small number of abnormal cells identifiable in a smear. The more recent application of quantitative techniques, together with advances in immunocytochemistry, has refined the potential role of cytology, stimulating a reappraisal of its value in the diagnosis of oral cancer. The limitations of the method should be thoroughly understood and appreciated by the dental clinician. The aim of the publication is to encourage maximum participation of dental professional in early detection and control of oral cancer by means of early diagnosis through use of cytological smear.
Prevalence and Relationship Between Dental Caries, Diet and Nutrition, Socioeconomic Status and Oral Hygiene Habits in Children Using Laser Fluorescence Device (Diagnodent)
Authors: Kumar A , Goel M , Dutta S , Namdev R , Mehta R , Hooda A
Published: July 2019

Aim

The study assessed the incidence of dental caries in first permanent molars, evaluate and compare caries activity between upper and lower first permanent molar and evaluates the effect of various variables on the incidence.

Materials and Methods

Caries were detected using DIAGNOdent as a valuable adjunct to clinical examination. The visual appearance of the site recorded using the criteria proposed by Ekstrand et al.

Results

Out of total teeth examined, 50.17% were affected by dental caries and 49.90% teeth had no carious lesion. Out of affected teeth enamel caries consisted of 108 (20.69%) teeth, outer half dentin caries affected 101(19.35%) teeth and 53(10.15%) teeth showed dentin caries extended to inner half of teeth. Further significant associations were noted in between different variables.

Conclusions

An early preventive program at the age of 6-7 years reduced caries incidence in permanent molars.
Immediate Implant Loading – A Paradigm Shift
Authors: Aneja S , Rathee M
Published: July 2019

The marked rise in patients’ demands as regards quality of life and a good appearance makes it mandatory for the Prosthodontist to provide a dental prosthesis with optimal functional, esthetic and physiological requirements. Recent researches in dental implants advocate precise preparation of the implant bed and an adequate primary stability for more vital bone to be in contact with the implant interface facilitating immediate loading. Improvements in implant designs and surface modifications have favored reduced treatment time.
Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumour of the Maxilla - A Case Report with Review
Authors: Kannan A , Sumathy C , Bojan A , Sathasivasubramanian S
Published: July 2019

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour is a relatively uncommon odontogenic tumour first described by steensland in 1905. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour accounts for about 3-7% of all odontogenic tumours, predominantly found in young female patients, located more often in maxilla associated with an unerupted permanent tooth. The tumour often misdiagnosed as an odontogenic cyst. AOT frequently resembles other odontogenic lesions such as dentigerous cysts or ameloblastomas. Therefore, it should be distinguished from the more common lesions of odontogenic origin in routine dental examinations. We present a rare case report of 59-year-old female patient of AOT occurring in the maxilla.
Mesiodens with Facial Talon Cusp- A Rarity
Authors: Sulabha AN , Sameer C
Published: July 2019

Mesiodens is the most common type of supernumerary tooth found in premaxilla between two the central incisors. Talon cusp, also known as eagle's talon, is a dental anomaly that occurs on lingual aspect of the teeth. This paper reports a rare presentation of talon cusp on facial aspect of mesiodens in 9 year old female child. The treatment plan consisted of extraction of mesiodens.
Parsimonious Prediction Model for the Prevalence of Dental Visits in Chennai, India
Authors: Prabu D , Shylaja M , Vidhya RU , Manipal S , Ahmed A , Adusumilli P
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the study is to analyze the prevalence of dental visits within the last year in the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System or BRFSS by the simple sociodemographic factors among the adults in 10 different areas of Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

METHODS

Cross sectional telephone survey (Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System) conducted among 500 adults. Data was collected based on a standardized questionnaire to determine the distribution of risk behaviours and health practices among non-institutionalized adults. A multivariable logistic regression model considers the complex sample design of the BRFSS was used to predict the prevalence of dental visits based on four non-clinic parsimonious variables.

RESULTS

Results showed that the adults with the High household income, Religion (Hindu), High Education(> High School Diploma), and marital status were associated with an annual dental visit with the odd ratios of 0.943, 1.161, 1.243, 0.876 respectively. Besant Nagar had the highest percentage (13%) of estimated annual users, while Redhills had the lowest percentage(8%).

CONCLUSION

Health promotion organizations, Local governments, Insurance companies, and organizations that administer public health programs will benefit by applying this model to the available nonclinical databases, and will be able to improve planning of dental health services and required dental workforce.
Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage in Class 2 Cavities Restored with A Nanohybrid Composite Using Three Different Increment Techniques- An in vitro Stereomicroscopic Study
Authors: Kumar V , Devi A , Bhargava R
Published: July 2019

Context

Purpose of the study was to compare the microleakage in class II cavities using Horizontal oblique increment (G1), Centripetal oblique increment (G2) and Oblique increment (G3), techniques

Aims

To determine ideal incremental placement technique in restoring class II cavity.

Methods and Material

Class II cavities were prepared in 45 extracted permanent molars. The teeth were restored with nanohybrid composite (Ceram X) and bonding with adhesive systems (Xeno V). Microleakage evaluated after thermocycling of the specimens.

Statistical analysis used

ANOVA test at the 0.05 level of significance.

Results

Mean microleakage score of group G1, G2 and G3 was 2.86 ± 1.43, 1.86 ± 1.65 and 2.46 ± 1.50 respectively.

Conclusions

None of the insertion techniques used in this study was able to prevent microleakage, though the lowest microleakage values were obtained when the centripetal oblique technique was used.
Tooth Pontic As An Immediate Replacement For Periodontally Compromised Tooth Adopting Polyethylene Fiber Reinforced Composite Technology: A Case Report
Authors: Singh J , Bharti V
Published: July 2019

The loss of anterior teeth can be psychologically and socially damaging to the patient. Tooth loss in the esthetic zone of the anterior region can be due to trauma, periodontal disease or endodontic failure. Replacement can be provisional, semi provisional or permanent in nature. Depending upon multiple factors, a treatment module is decided upon by dentist and the patient. The start of the definitive treatment depends on many factors and thus may require short to long temporization. Final restoration can vary between removable prosthesis, tooth supported prosthesis or implant supported prosthesis. Irrespective of the final treatment, first line of treatment would be to provisionally restore the patient's esthetic appearance while functionally stabilizing the compromised arch. This article highlights a simple and fast method to replace a periodontally compromised tooth by utilizing natural tooth pontic (NTP) (bonded with resin composite and reinforced by plasma-treated woven polyethylene fibers).
Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs Among Government and Private Primary School Teachers in Mathura City
Authors: Gupta R , Ingle NA , Kaur N , Haloi R , Roy BK
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To assess the oral health status and treatment needs among Government and Private primary school teachers in Mathura city.

Materials and Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted upon 650 primary school teachers who were randomly selected from the 5 zones of Mathura city. The oral health status and treatment needs were recorded using standard WHO proforma 1997 (modified).

Results

The mean DMFT was found to be higher in Government school teachers than the Private school teachers. It was seen that among Government school teachers, 12.6 percent and among the Private school teachers 18.5 percent had healthy periodontal tissue (code 0). Majority of the school teachers both from Government and Private schools showed the prevalence of shallow pockets.

Conclusion

In conclusion the results of the study showed the increased prevalence of gum diseases, periodontitis and dental caries in Government schoolteachers as compared to Private schoolteachers. Regular dental check- ups and practice of routine oral hygiene procedures will enable them to lead a healthier life.
Oral Health Care Behind The Bars (A Review on Dental Department of Tihar Jail, Delhi, India)
Authors: Solanki N
Published: July 2019

The Article depicts organisation set-up of Dental Department in Central Jail Hospital, Tihar New Delhi. No research had been carried out in past regarding functioning of Medical or Dental care of Tihar Jail or any other Jail of our country. In addition, there was studies about research in Dental Care are very limited. In addition to above, an effort is also made to show quality & difficulties encounter by the dental personal while working in CJH.

It is an effort to show the difference in Dental Practice between a General & Prison based Dental set-up.
Erosive Potential Of Various Commercially Available Lollipops
Authors: Chaly Preetha Elizabeth , Leelavathi L
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVES

• To measure pH and neutralisable acidity of lollipops. • To determine salivary pH and salivary secretion.

METHODS

Chocolate, strawberry and mango flavoured lollipops were selected based on differences in pH and neutralisable capacity and tested on 10 healthy volunteers. Each experimental session included collection of unstimulated saliva, stimulated saliva and post-stimulated saliva. Saliva secretion rates were determined gravimetrically and the salivary pH was measured by electronic pH meter.

RESULTS

The pH of chocolate, strawberry and mango flavoured lollipops were 5.2, 3.8 and 2.6 respectively. The nuetralisable acidity of chocolate, strawberry and mango flavoured lollipop were 500 μl, 2600 μl and 3300 μl respectively. All lollipops stimulated salivary flow. Strawberry and mango flavoured lollipops induced a significant decrease of the salivary pH at stimulated 5 minutes (p value < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Strawberry and mango flavoured lollipops have mild erosive potential. Chocolate flavoured lollipops seem to have no erosive potential.
Trigeminal Neuralgia: The New Medicinal Treatment Modalities
Authors: Kumar A , Kumar V , Goel M , Hooda A , Dahiya A
Published: July 2019

Trigeminal neuralgia has been considered as a painful condition since long time. Pain is perceived in one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve, mostly unilaterally. Pain is shooting, lancinating, sharp, agonizing and described as an electric shock. Usually lasts seconds to minutes with repetitive bursts every few seconds. The patient is symptom-free between the attacks. Common evidence can be the trigger effect of some routinely actions involving territories innervated by the affected root, such as speaking, swallowing, chewing, brushing the teeth, or sensitive stimuli applied in these regions like simple light touch, cold, or an air blow. Medicinal therapy is the main stay of treatment in trigeminal neuralgia. This review focuses on the drug therapy in neuralgic patients.
Thyroid Tuberculosis: Yes, It is True
Authors: Gupta Rajeev , Mohindroo Nariender K
Published: July 2019

Tuberculosis of the thyroid gland is an uncommon disease and primary involvement of thyroid is even rarer. It is very uncommon disease even in countries where tuberculosis is endemic. Histologically, the presence of necrotizing epithelioid cell granulomas along with Langhans-type giant cells are the hallmark features of thyroid tuberculosis. In this case report, we are presenting a rare case of thyroid tuberculosis in a 40-year-old female.

How to cite this article

Gupta R, Mohindroo NK, Azad R. Thyroid Tuberculosis: Yes, It is True. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(4):193-194.
Core Competency Education in Communication and Systems-based Practice: Are We Failing Our Residents?
Authors: Alessi Anthony , Boruk Marina
Published: July 2019

Core competencies clearly established by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) for residency training include ‘Systems-based practice’ and ‘Interpersonal and communication skills’. However, the practical skills of medical documentation and coding that fall under these categories are often ignored in the formal training curriculum as well as during trainee assessments. Residents and practicing physicians alike have been shown to be poor medical coders. The few small studies that have been performed suggest that a combination of formalized lectures and individualized feedback on resident charts may be effective at teaching residents how to properly document and code. In today's health care environment with increasing cost and trends for decreasing reimbursement these skills are essential for the survival of any practicing physician and more effort should be made to ensure that residents are competent in medical documentation and coding.

How to cite this article

Alessi A, Boruk M. Core Competency Education in Communication and Systems-based Practice: Are We Failing Our Residents? Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(1):13-16.
Surgery of the Thyroid in Children: Current Trends in Practice
Authors: Windsor Alanna M , Kiell Eleanor P , Berg Eric E , Kazahaya Ken
Published: July 2019

Thyroid surgery in the pediatric population is performed for a variety of benign and malignant conditions, including thyroid nodules, hyperthyroidism, goiter, and thyroid cancer. Thyroid nodules, though uncommon in children, are more likely to be malignant than in adults and require careful evaluation with history, imaging, thyroid function tests and often ultrasoundguided biopsy to determine which nodules will require further interventions. The treatment of thyroid malignancy is primarily surgical, though the extent of surgery is an area of active debate. Moreover, thyroid surgery in children may have a higher rate of complications, and a number proposals have been suggested to mitigate these risks. The guidelines developed by the 2015 American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Pediatric Thyroid Cancer are a helpful tool in directing the medical and surgical management of these complex patients, and provide a method for stratification of patient risk for recurrent disease. Children with thyroid disease are recommended to be cared for using a multidisciplinary approach and by providers and facilities experienced in management of pediatric patients. Surgery should be performed by surgeons experienced in pediatric cervical procedures. The objective of this review is to describe the range of thyroid disease affecting pediatric patients, examine current diagnostic algorithms, and discuss common treatment approaches, including the role for both surgery and adjunctive therapies.

How to cite this article

Windsor AM, Kiell EP, Berg EE, Kazahaya K. Surgery of the Thyroid in Children: Current Trends in Practice. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):57-63.
Validation of the Invasive Pattern Grade Score as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Oral Squamous Cell Cancers
Authors: Ranganath R , Sethi Shweta , Madur Bhulaxmi
Published: July 2019

Aim

To prove the validity of an invasive pattern grade score (IPGS) as an independent prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinomas.

Introduction

Oral squamous cell carcinomas are the most common type of cancers in Indian males and their treatment is associated with morbidity and socioeconomic losses to the individual and society. In spite of advances in diagnosis and therapy, prognosis and survival remain dismal: One, due to late clinical presentation and two, due to the unpredictable biological behavior of these cancers. Validation of IPGS as an independent prognostic factor may reduce the uncertainty involved in treatment.

Materials and methods

A retrospective analysis of the records of all patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas treated with surgery between July 2010 and June 2012 was done. A total of 54 patients were analyzed with respect to various clinicopathological parameters including IPGS.

Results

Statistically significant associations were established between IPGS and tumor recurrence (p < 0.004) and death due to cancer (p < 0.02). Invasive pattern grade score was not influenced by age, tumor size, gender, site, clinical stage, or histologic grade.

Conclusion

Our study indicates the validity of IPGS as an independent prognostic factor that can be used to predict disease behavior in oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas. Further studies are required to establish this score as a routine part of the histopathological examination and to help us in choosing treatment modalities.

How to cite this article

Ranganath R, Sethi S, Madur B. Validation of the Invasive Pattern Grade Score as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Oral Squamous Cell Cancers. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(1):21-24.
Giant Keratoacanthoma of Pinna: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Garg Ashok , Chauhan Sandhya , Tegta Geeta R , Chauhan Pooja
Published: July 2019

Aim

The present case describes a rare and large size of giant keratoacanthoma (KA) of pinna.

Background

Keratoacanthoma is a fast growing benign cutaneous tumor resembling closely to well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on clinical and histopathological examination (HPE).

Case report

A 70-year-old male presented with a rapidly growing mass on the left ear for 9 months. Tumor was excised and sent for HPE, which revealed well-differentiated SCC with focal features of a KA.

Clinical significance

Differentiation of KA from SCC has been a major challenge for dermatosurgeons, especially at setups with unavailability of molecular studies. So, if the tumor is giant, nonregressing in size especially on sun-exposed sites in an elderly patient, always think of SCC and treat it by surgical excision rather than watching for a spontaneous resolution.

How to cite this article

Chauhan S, Thakur K, Garg A, Tegta GR, Chauhan P. Giant Keratoacanthoma of Pinna: A Rare Presentation. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(1):31-33.
Unifocal Leydig Cell Hyperplasia: Tumor Mimic
Authors: Abbas Tariq O , Bassiouny Ibrahim E , Al-Thani Sheikha , Ali Mansour A
Published: July 2019

Leydig cell tumors and Leydig cell hyperplasia constitute about 3% of testicular lesions in pediatric patients. These lesions are characterized by an interesting constellation of clinical and biochemical features that can facilitate presurgical diagnosis. In some patients, however, these lesions have ambiguous characteristics. We describe here a prepubertal boy with a unifocal Leydig cell hyperplasia that resembled a tumor. The patient was treated successfully by enucleation of the hyperplastic focus.

How to cite this article

Abbas TO, Bassiouny IE, Al-Thani S, Ali MA. Unifocal Leydig Cell Hyperplasia; Tumor Mimic. World J Endocr Surg 2012;4(1):17-19.
Intraoperative Monitoring of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Thyroidectomy: A Standardized Approach Part 2
Authors: Dralle Henning , Sitges-Serra Antonio , Angelos Peter , Poveda Manuel C Durán , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Barczynski Marcin , Phelan Eimear , Randolph Gregory
Published: July 2019

This is the second of two articles on intraoperative neural monitoring. The aim of part one was to provide a concise overview of intraoperative nerve monitoring in thyroid surgery and its effectiveness. Part 1 included a brief review of the surgical anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and described the surgical landmarks which can be used to identify the nerve during surgery. Part 2 will describe in detail a standardized approach to intraoperative nerve monitoring during thyroid surgery. A brief review of the nerve monitoring procedure and all its requirements will be discussed. The article concludes with the description of a troubleshooting algorithm for intraoperative loss of signal.

How to cite this article

Poveda MCD, Dionigi G, Sitges- Serra A, Barczynski M, Angelos P, Dralle H, Phelan E, Randolph G. Intraoperative Monitoring of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Thyroidectomy: A Standardized Approach Part 2. World J Endocr Surg 2012;4(1):33-40.
Pay It forward: Strategies for Successful Implementation of Short-term Endocrine Surgical Mission
Authors: Long Kristin L , Cohen Mark , Perrier Nancy
Published: July 2019

Introduction

With increasing interest in humanitarian surgical efforts, numerous opportunities for specialized mission trips have developed. Extreme short-term surgical “blitzes” of specialist teams have offered much-needed surgical care but lack efforts for patient continuity and local sustainability. We sought to define characteristics that aid in the long-term success of short-term international surgical missions to better apply this insight toward future dedicated humanitarian endocrine surgical efforts.

Materials and methods

A broad search engine review identified 1,954 reports of medical and surgical missions. One hundred and sixty-six of these abstracts involved surgical missions from 2009 to 2014 with 24 articles including details of specific mission trips. We identified factors deemed essential for improving patient care and affecting local infrastructure for longterm sustainability and included our prospective experience with an endocrine surgery-specific mission trip for comparison.

Results

Of the 24 articles reviewed, missions went to Africa (9), North America (8), South America (5), and Asia (5). Factors for mission sustainability and success included the following: (a) ability to educate local physicians and trainees, (b) multiple return trips to the same location, and (c) formal pre-mission planning and site visits. Emerging interest is on optimizing patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness.

Conclusion

Short-term surgical missions require a local infrastructure for optimal patient outcomes. Sustainability hinges on education and involvement of local physicians and surgical trainees, pre-mission planning, and return trips to the same location. For endocrine surgical missions, preoperative evaluation and postoperative follow-up by the operating surgeon is important for optimizing performance and outcomes.

How to cite this article

Long KL, Cohen M, Perrier N. Pay It forward: Strategies for Successful Implementation of Short-term Endocrine Surgical Mission. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2):137-140.
Study of Validity and Reliability of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and Tc99m Scintigraphy in Thyroid Swelling
Authors: Bist SS , Mishra Sarita , Agrawal Vinish , Gupta Yamini
Published: July 2019

Cytology, radiology, and radionuclide scintigraphy are the three preoperative investigation modalities to know the probable diagnosis of thyroid mass which is usually confirmed postoperatively by histopathology examination of the excised specimen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of cytology and scintigraphy in patients with thyroid swelling. It was concluded after the study that fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is safe, cost effective, valid, and reliable investigation for preoperative evaluation of thyroid swelling to differentiate between benign and malignant gland lesion on pathology.

How to cite this article

Gupta Y, Bist SS, Agrawal V, Mishra S. Study of Validity and Reliability of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and Tc99m Scintigraphy in Thyroid Swelling. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2):143-146.
The History of the Asian Association of Endocrine Surgeons
Authors: Miyauchi Akira
Published: July 2019

The Asian Association of Endocrine Surgeons (AsAES) was established in 1986, 30 years ago. Its history was never described in detail. This article describes its establishment and development in detail with many memorial pictures. This article was read at the 15th Congress of the AsAES held in Seoul in April 8, 2016.

How to cite this article

Miyauchi A. The History of the Asian Association of Endocrine Surgeons. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2):147-155.
Carotid Body Paraganglioma: Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: Matta Rekha , Sahoo Kulamani , Jagtap Sunil
Published: July 2019

We report two cases of carotid body paraganglioma – one was Shamblin Level III and the other was Shamblin Level I.

How to cite this article

Matta R, Sahoo K, Jagtap S. Carotid Body Paraganglioma: Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2):160-163.
Dilemmas in Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: To irradiate, medicate, or palliate?
Authors: Lee Melissa H , Moxey Jayne E , McLachlan Sue-Anne , MacIsaac Richard J , Sachithanandan Nirupa
Published: July 2019

Aims

To explore the challenges in the management of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer.

Introduction

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common form of thyroid cancer. The initial diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma and the distinction between benign and neoplastic disease can be challenging. Radioiodine-refractory metastatic DTC also presents a therapeutic dilemma. Novel targeted agents for advanced radioiodine-refractory metastatic thyroid cancer, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), are being increasingly used with clinical success, broadening current available therapeutic options.

Case report

We present the case of a 61-year-old woman with radioiodine-refractory metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma, which was initially misdiagnosed as benign Hurthle cell adenoma. We focus on the challenges in both the initial diagnosis and the subsequent management of her advanced disease with skeletal dominant metastases.

Conclusion

The advent of targeted systemic therapies as emerging frontline and salvage therapy is a novel addition to the management of radioiodine-refractory advanced DTC. Further studies to expand the role of sequential and redifferentiation therapy for advanced disease and strategies to reduce skeletalrelated events are still required.

How to cite this article

Lee MH, Moxey JE, McLachlan S-A, MacIsaac RJ, Sachithanandan N. Dilemmas in Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: To irradiate, medicate, or palliate? World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2):168-171.
Transoral Endoscopic Thyroid Surgery through Vestibular Approach
Authors: Agarwal Amit
Published: July 2019

Scarless neck surgery for thyroid became popular after the advancement of endoscopic and robotic thyroid surgery. Different approaches have been practiced for endoscopic thyroid surgery in different parts of the world.

How to cite this article

Chand G, Mishra SK. Transoral Endoscopic Thyroid Surgery through Vestibular Approach. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2):179-182.
Surgical Incisions: Balancing Surgical and Cosmetic Outcomes in Head and Neck Oncosurgery
Authors: Tubachi Jagadish , Jainkeri Vivek , Gadagi Vinay , Gunari Prasad
Published: July 2019

The oral and oropharyngeal cancer surgery is challenging due to presence of carotid arteries, internal jugular vein and cranial nerves in close proximity to the primary tumor or matastatic lymph node. So surgical incisions should be planned to improve oncologic resection without compromising functional and esthetic outcomes. Macfee and Crile's incision are commonly used in present day oncologic practice. Extension and probable modification of these incisions depending on case scenerio are discussed.

How to cite this article

Tubachi J, Jainkeri V, Gadagi V, Gunari P. Surgical Incisions: Balancing Surgical and Cosmetic Outcomes in Head and Neck Oncosurgery. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(2):47-50.
Neurofibroma of Soft Palate: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Smitha SG , Gangaraj Smitha Soubhagya , Shantharam Lakshmi , Vijay Suguna
Published: July 2019

Neurofibroma of soft palate is a rare tumor with this report being the fourth case reported in English literature. We are reporting this case of isolated neurofibroma of soft palate for its rarity. The mass was excised by intraoral approach without prior tracheostomy. Histopathological examination showed features of neurofibroma with secondary changes.

How to cite this article

Thimmaiah AH, Shantharam L, Gangaraj SS, Vijay S. Neurofibroma of Soft Palate: A Rare Case Report. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(2):109-110.
Routine Histopathological Analysis of Pediatric and Adult Tonsils
Authors: Shoba K , Harikumar B , Jayaganesh P , Srinivasan K
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Making a protocol is a must to overcome the controversy of doing routine histopathological examination of tonsillectomy specimen.

Materials and methods

Histopathological report of 100 consecutive tonsillectomy specimens that reached the pathology department of Saveetha Medical College was analyzed.

Results

Histological examination of the 154 pediatric tonsils showed reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in all the patients. One specimen had a small cartilaginous choristoma. In the 46 adult tonsils, there were two lymphoma, one extensive osteocartilaginous choristoma, and one epidermoid cyst of tonsil.

Discussion

As the histopathological examination in the pediatric group did not reveal any finding, it can be done only in patients with risk factors. The adult group showed two cases of Hodgkins lymphoma, one epidermoid cyst of tonsil and one osteocartilaginous choristoma tonsil. Hence, we suggest to continue the practice of routine histopathological analysis in adults.

Conclusion

We suggest continuing the practice of routine histopathological examination of all adult tonsillectomy specimens.

How to cite this article

Shoba K, Harikumar B, Jayaganesh P, Srinivasan K. Routine Histopathological Analysis of Pediatric and Adult Tonsils. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):11-12.
Palatal Schwannoma: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Arora Nikhil , Hameed PS Shahul
Published: July 2019

Schwannoma is a benign tumor that originates from perineural Schwann cells of nerve sheath. They are solitary, wellencapsulated, slow-growing adjacent to the parental nerve but extrinsic to the nerve fascicles. Approximately 25 to 45% of all schwannomas are seen in the head and neck region and are found rarely in the oral cavity. Most of the intraoral schwannomas are located in the tongue. Palatal schwannoma is very rare as till date and only 16 cases have been reported; one such rare case we came across is reported here.

How to cite this article

Hameed PSS, Arora N, Malhotra V. Palatal Schwannoma: A Rare Case Report. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):29-31.
Myoepithelioma of Soft Palate: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Bhuie HS , Mathur Navneet , Yogee Arjun N , Choudhary Raman
Published: July 2019

Myoepitheliomas are rare benign neoplasms of salivary glands representing less than 1% of all salivary gland tumors. This tumor is usually located in the parotid gland and less frequently in the submandibular gland and minor salivary glands that are distributed throughout the oral cavity. Diagnosis of tumor is based on evaluation of histological feature, although immunohistochemical analysis confirms the myoepithelial origin of tumor cells and the final diagnosis. Herein, a case of plasmacytoid myoepithelioma of soft palate in an adult male is presented along with review of the literature.

How to cite this article

Yogee AN, Choudhary R, Mathur N, Bhuie HS. Myoepithelioma of Soft Palate: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):32-34.
Unusual Location for Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: Basisphenoid extended to Parapharyngeal Space
Authors: Salimov Asif , Suslu Ahmet E , Ozer Serdar , Yilmaz Taner , Bajin Hatice IY
Published: July 2019

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease with unknown etiology involving abnormal proliferation of histiocytes. We hereby describe an LCH that has a rare location. A 4-year-old female patient was referred to our clinic with headache lasting for 2 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an expansile mass on the level of basisphenoid extended to the right parapharyngeal space with dense contrast enhancement. The patient underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for biopsy of the mass. Immunohistochemical and pathological studies confirmed LCH diagnosis. This is the first case report of LCH extended to the parapharyngeal space in the current literature.

How to cite this article

Salimov A, Suslu AE, Ozer S, Yilmaz T, Bajin HIY. Unusual Location for Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: Basisphenoid extended to Parapharyngeal Space. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):38-40.
Coblation vs Microdebrider-assisted Inferior Turbinoplasty
Authors: Goyal Amit , Kumar Amit , Singh Rahul K
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of coblation and microdebrider-assisted turbinoplasty in reducing nasal obstruction due to inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH).

Background

A comprehensive search of articles in English language was performed in PubMed using the keywords coblation turbinoplasty, coblation inferior turbinate reduction, microdebrider turbinoplasty, microdebrider assisted inferior turbinate reduction.

Review results

Primary search yielded 41 results with only two fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In both studies, patients were assessed objectively as well as subjectively. Improvement in nasal obstruction was similar in both coblation and microdebrider groups up to 6 months of follow-up in both studies. However, in the study by Lee and Lee (2006) at 12 months postoperative follow-up, microdebrider-assisted turbinoplasty patients showed a better improvement in nasal obstruction both objectively on acoustic rhinometry and subjectively as compared with the coblation group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Despite getting better results with microdebriderassisted turbinoplasty in one of the study, it can be safely concluded that longer postsurgical follow-up period with bigger sample size is required to adequately comment on the extra benefit offered by either coblation or microdebrider.

Clinical significance

As and when further research is planned on comparing benefits of different powered instruments for turbinate reduction, it will be wise to prolong the follow-up period with increased sample size.

How to cite this article

Kumar A, Goyal A, Singh RK. Coblation vs Microdebrider-assisted Inferior Turbinoplasty. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):51-52.
Tubercular Dacryocystitis: A Quirky Diagnosis!!
Authors: Gupta Divya , Gulati Achal
Published: July 2019

Tuberculosis of the lacrimal sac is a rare condition even in a place considered endemic to tuberculosis. It is usually suspected with either local or systemically present tubercular lesion or with a history of recurring failure of lacrimal drainage procedures. Failure to identify the ailment may have devastating consequences. We present a case of tubercular dacryocystitis and discuss its clinical spectrum.

How to cite this article

Gupta D, Gulati A. Tubercular Dacryocystitis: A Quirky Diagnosis!! Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):65-67.