bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precipitation Processes during Non-Isothermal Ageing of Fine-Grained 2024 Alloy
Authors: Kozieł J. , Błaż L. , Włoch G. , Sobota J. , Lobry P.
Published: March 2016

Mechanical alloying and powder metallurgy procedures were used to manufacture very fine-grained bulk material made from chips of the 2024 aluminum alloy. Studies of solution treatment and precipitation hardening of as-received material were based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests and TEM/STEM/EDX structural observations. Structural observations complemented by literature data lead to the conclusion that in the case of highly refined structure of commercial 2024 alloys prepared by severe plastic deformation, typical multi-step G-P-B →θ” →θ’ →θ precipitation mechanism accompanied with G-P-B →S” →S’ →S precipitation sequences result in skipping the formation of metastable phases and direct growth of the stable phases. Exothermic effects on DSC characteristics, which are reported for precipitation sequences in commercial materials, were found to be reduced with increased milling time. Moreover, prolonged milling of 2024 chips was found to shift the exothermic peak to lower temperature with respect to the material produced by means of common metallurgy methods. This effect was concluded to result from preferred heterogeneous nucleation of particles at subboundaries and grain boundaries, enhanced by the boundary diffusion in highly refined structures.

Transmission electron microscopy and diffraction pattern analysis revealed the development of very fine Al4C3 particles that grow due to the chemical reaction between the Al matrix and graphite flakes introduced as a process control agent during the preliminary milling of chips. Al4C3 nano-particles are formed at high temperatures, i.e. during hot extrusion and the subsequent solution treatment of the samples. Highly refined insoluble particles such as aluminum carbide particles and aluminum oxides were found to retard recrystallization and reduce recovery processes during solution treatment of preliminarily milled materials. Therefore, the as-extruded material composed of a milled part and chip residuals retained its initial bimodal structure in spite of solution heat treatment procedures. This points to a high structural stability of the investigated materials, which is commonly required for new technologies of high-strength Al-based materials production.
Structure and Properties of Nd-Fe-B Alloy Subjected to HDDR Process
Authors: Szymański M. , Michalski B. , Leonowicz M. , Miazga Z.
Published: March 2016

In this paper the Hydrogenation, Disproportionation, Desorption and Recombination (HDDR) route was tested, for the Nd-Fe-B master alloy, as a prospective procedure for recycling of sintered scrap neodymium magnets. The HDDR method is based on the hydrogen induced reversal phase transformation of Nd-Fe-B alloy: Nd2Fe14B + (2±x) H2 = 2NdH2±x + Fe2B + 12Fe. Microstructural observations (SEM), phase constitution studies (XRD) and measurement of magnetic properties (VSM) were done to investigate the HDDR transformation progress. It was observed that disproportionation reaction starts at the grain boundaries, where the Nd-rich phase is located. Average grain size was reduced and coercive material was produced as a result of the HDDR process. Obtained results are similar to literature data.
Mathematical Model of Gas, Powder and Bed Flow in Metallurgical Shaft Furnaces
Authors: Panic B.
Published: March 2016

This paper presents the second phase of model investigations. In the first phase research into flow for the system “gas transporting powder - moving packed bed” was conducted in the physical modeling. The influence of bed, powder and gas parameters on values of interaction forces and phenomena occurring in investigated system was defined.

The article discusses the successive stage of investigations into gas flow carrying the powder through the descending packed bed. The research was performed with the application of mathematical modeling after tests with a physical model in use had been accomplished. The elaborated mathematical model was used to calculate resistance values of gas flow carrying the powder through the descending packed bed, masses of ‘static’ and ‘dynamic’ powders as well as total mass of powder holdup in the bed. Then the verification of the model was done comparing the obtained results with those from the physical model.
Impact of Sterilisation and Strain Hardening in Drawing Process on Resistance to Electrochemical Corrosion of Wires Intended in Cardiology
Authors: Przondziono J. , Hadasik E. , Walke W. , Mendala J.
Published: March 2016

The study presents results of tests of impact of work hardening in cold drawing process, surface treatment and sterilisation on resistance to electrochemical corrosion of wires made of stainless steel X2CrNiMo 17-12-2 intended for cardiology. Potentiodynamic tests were performed on the ground of registered anodic polarisation curves in artificial plasma solution. Static uniaxial tension test made the ground for determination of strength characteristics of wires and the flow curve. Functions presenting the change of polarisation resistance according to strain applied in drawing process were selected.

Test results show deterioration of corrosion properties of wires with work hardening. Surface modification of passivated surface caused increase of resistance of stainless steel wires to electrochemical corrosion, whereas sterilisation with pressurised water steam deteriorated that resistance.
Fatigue Characteristics of Selected Light Metal Alloys
Authors: Cieśla M. , Junak G. , Marek A.
Published: March 2016

The paper addresses results of fatigue testing of light metal alloys used in the automotive as well as aerospace and aviation industries, among others. The material subject to testing comprised hot-worked rods made of the AZ31 alloy, the Ti-6Al-4V two-phase titanium alloy and the 2017A (T451) aluminium alloy. Both low- and high-cycle fatigue tests were conducted at room temperature on the cycle asymmetry ratio of R=-1. The low-cycle fatigue tests were performed using the MTS-810 machine on two levels of total strain, i.e.Δεc= 1.0% and 1.2%. The high-cycle fatigue tests, on the other hand, were performed using a machine from VEB Werkstoffprufmaschinen-Leipzig under conditions of rotary bending. Based on the results thus obtained, one could develop fatigue life characteristics of the materials examined (expressed as the number of cycles until failure of sample Nf) as well as characteristics of cyclic material strain σa=f(N) under the conditions of low-cycle fatigue testing. The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy was found to be characterised by the highest value of fatigue life Nf, both in lowand high-cycle tests. The lowest fatigue life, on the other hand, was established for the aluminium alloys examined. Under the high-cycle fatigue tests, the life of the 2017A aluminium and the AZ31 magnesium alloy studied was determined by the value of stress amplitude σa. With the stress exceeding 150 MPa, it was the aluminium alloy which displayed higher fatigue life, whereas the magnesium alloy proved better on lower stress.
Measurement the Thermal Profile of Steelmaking Ladle with Subsequent Evaluation the Reasons of Lining Damage
Authors: Vlček J. , Jančar D. , Burda J. , Klárová M. , Velička M. , Machovčák P.
Published: March 2016

Based on the operational measurement, of which content was to determine ladle thermal profile, there were analysed causes of possible damage of lining in steel ladles by steel breakout through the ladle shell. There exists connection between thermal state of ladle lining during the operation and its lifetime. There were reached to the conclusion that the cause of failure in the lining of ladle is except for high temperature of bath, also wide interval of temperature change during the tap operation, in consequence with possible insufficient pre-heating of ladle, discontinuous operation of aggregate and damage of insulating lining layer, respectively deformation of ladles shell.
Impact of Oscillation Parameters on Surface Quality of Cast Billets
Authors: Cibulka J. , Krzok R. , Hermann R. , Bocek D. , Cupek J. , Michalek K.
Published: March 2016

The paper is focused on impact of different oscillation parameters on surface quality of peritectic steel grades cast into billets 150x150 mm. Hydraulic oscillation used for this purpose was temporarily installed on one strand of the billet caster. Hydraulic oscillation enables, in comparison to ordinary used electromechanical oscillation, flexible set-up of basic parameters of the oscillation cycle (negative strip time and its ratio). Proper oscillation mode is capable to assure regular oscillation marks development, good lubrication in the mould and adequate compression of the solidifying shell. Impact of an oscillation mode providing negative strip time 0.085 s and its ratio -50 % on surface quality of cast billets is compared with standard oscillation mode applied on strands equipped with electromechanical oscillation characterized with variable negative strip time between 0.084 and 0.096 s and fixed negative strip ratio to -14 %.
An Influence of Ageing on the Structure, Corrosion Resistance and Hardness of High Aluminum ZnAl40Cu3 Alloy
Authors: Michalik R. , Tomaszewska A.
Published: March 2016

Zn-Al-Cu alloys are used primarily because of their tribological properties as an alternative material for bronze, cast iron and aluminum alloy bearings and as a construction material. Particularly interesting are high aluminum zinc alloys. Monoeutectic zinc and aluminum alloys are characterized by the highest hardness, tensile strength and wear resistance of all of the zinc alloys. A significant problem with the use of the Zn-Al-Cu alloys is their insufficient resistance to electrochemical corrosion. Properties of Zn-Al-Cu alloys can be improved by heat treatment. The purpose of examination was to determine the effect of heat treatment (aging at various temperatures) on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of the ZnAl40Cu3 alloy. The scope of the examination included: structural examinations, determination of hardness using Brinell’s method and corrosion resistance examinations. Ageing at higher temperatures causes a creation of areas where is an eutectoid mixture. The study showed that ageing causes a decrease in hardness of ZnAl40Cu3 alloy. This decrease is even greater, when the temperature of ageing is lower. The studies have shown a significant influence of ageing on the corrosion resistance of the alloy ZnAl40Cu3. Maximum corrosion resistance were characterized by the sample after ageing at higher temperatures.
Research on Vibration Properties of Copper-Titanium Alloys
Authors: Burdzik R. , Lisiecki A. , Warczek J. , Konieczny Ł. , Folęga P. , Szkliniarz A. , Siwiec G.
Published: March 2016

The article addresses a method proposed for comprehensive research of vibration properties dedicated to new structural materials. The method in question comprises three-stage studies, thus enabling the related costs to be reduced on each stage of the process. Subjects of identification and assessment are both the properties and the material structure as well as numerically determined dynamic characteristics and actual vibration characteristics of materials. The article provides preliminary research results obtained for Cu-2Ti-1Co and Cu-6Ti-1Co alloys, the mechanical properties of which are very prospective. An additional advantage of the method proposed is the capability of identifying alloy types by application of non-destructive vibratory methods.
Influence of the Chemical Composition on Electrical Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of the Hypoeutectic Al-Si-Mg Alloys
Authors: Dybowski B. , Szymszal J. , Poloczek Ł. , Kiełbus A.
Published: March 2016

Due to low density and good mechanical properties, aluminium alloys are widely applied in transportation industry. Moreover, they are characterized by the specific physical properties, such as high electrical conductivity. This led to application of the hypoeutectic Al-Si-Mg alloys in the power generation industry. Proper selection of the alloys chemical composition is an important stage in achievement of the demanded properties. The following paper presents results of the research on the influence of alloys chemical composition on their properties. It has been revealed that Si and Ti addition decreases electrical conductivity of the Al-Si-Mg alloys, while Na addition increases it. The mechanical properties of the investigated alloys are decreased by both silicon and iron presence. Sodium addition increases ductility of the Al-Si-Mg alloys.
The Effect of Dispersion Phases of SiC and Al2O3 on the Properties of Galvanic Nickel Coatings
Authors: Kozik A. , Nowak M. , Gawlik M. , Bigaj M. , Karaś M.
Published: March 2016

In this study, Ni, Ni-SiC and Ni-Al2O3 coatings were electroplated on the 2xxx series aluminium alloy. The following parameters of the electroplating process were applied: current density - 4A/dm2, time - 60 minutes, and temperature - 60°C. Hard particles of submicrometric size were used. The results of the research showing the effect of the addition of hard particles (introduced into the nickel bath as a dispersed phase) on the properties of coatings, including the effect of the type (SiC or Al2O3) and content (0, 25, 50 g / l) of these particles, were discussed. Based on extensive investigations, it was found that the type of ceramic particles significantly affects the structure of produced coatings. The dispersed particles incorporated into the nickel coatings improve their abrasion resistance. Improving of the corrosion properties were observed only in the case of coatings containing silicon carbide particles.
Heat Treated AZ61 Magnesium Alloy Obtained by Direct Extrusion and Continuous Rotary Extrusion Process
Authors: Bigaj M. , Boczkal S. , Żelechowski J. , Gawlik M. , Mitka M.
Published: March 2016

The results of studies carried out on the heat treated AZ61 magnesium alloy extruded by two methods, i.e. direct extrusion and continuous rotary extrusion, were presented. As part of the work, parameters of the T6 heat treatment were proposed and aging curves were plotted. The solution heat treatment process was accompanied by the grain growth. During artificial aging, due to the decomposition of solid solution, the β-Mg17Al12 phase was precipitated from the supersaturated α solution. It precipitated in a coagulated form at the grain boundaries and in the form of fine-dispersed plates arranged in a preferred direction relative to the grain orientation. Rods obtained by continuous rotary extrusion, unlike those made by the direct process, exhibited a low degree of texturing and lack of anisotropic properties.
Centrifugal Infiltration of Porous Ceramic Preforms by the Liquid Al Alloy – Theoretical Background and Experimental Verification
Authors: Dolata A.J.
Published: March 2016

The goal of this work is the description of phenomena occurring during centrifugal infiltration of porous ceramic materials by liquid Al alloy. In this method, the pressure required to infiltration of liquid metal into pores of ceramic is generated by centrifugal force. From the beginning it was assumed that the porous ceramic material will create reinforcement layer in specific area of the casting. The forces that influence on the liquid metal during mould centrifugation and heat exchange between ceramic preform and metal alloy within the area of the front of infiltration were considered in the analysis. The paper presents also selected experiment results.
Structure and Soft Magnetic Properties of the Amorphous Alloys: Fe61Co10Ti3-xY6+xB20 (x = 0, 1)
Authors: Błoch K.
Published: March 2016

This paper presents studies relating to the structure, soft magnetic properties and thermal stability of the following bulk amorphous alloys: Fe61Co10Ti3-xY6+xB20 (x = 0, 1). On the basis of the performed X-ray diffraction studies and Mössbauer spectroscopy, it was found that investigated samples were amorphous in the as-cast state. The DSC curve obtained for Fe61Co10Ti2Y7B20 alloy exhibited one exothermic peak, while for the Fe61Co10Ti3Y6B20 sample, two peaks were distinguishable. The change in the chemical structure of the investigated alloys has a major effect on their soft magnetic properties; especially on coercivity and saturation magnetization. On the basis of the magnetization curves analysis, the spin wave stiffness parameter Dsp were determined for the investigated alloys.
A Note on a Multiplicity Result for the Mean Field Equation on Compact Surfaces
Authors: Jevnikar Aleks
Published: March 2016

We are concerned with the class of equations with exponential nonlinearities

-

Δ
⁢
u

=

ρ
1

⁢

(

h
⁢

e
u

∫
Σ

h
⁢

e
u

⁢

𝑑

V
g

-

1

|
Σ
|

)

-

ρ
2

⁢

(

h
⁢

e

-
u

∫
Σ

h
⁢

e

-
u

⁢

𝑑

V
g

-

1

|
Σ
|

)

$-\Delta u=\rho_{1}\Biggl{(}\frac{he^{u}}{\int_{\Sigma}he^{u}\,dV_{g}}-\frac{1}% {|\Sigma|}\Biggr{)}-\rho_{2}\Biggl{(}\frac{he^{-u}}{\int_{\Sigma}he^{-u}\,dV_{% g}}-\frac{1}{|\Sigma|}\Biggr{)}$

on a compact surface Σ, which describes the mean field equation of equilibrium turbulence with arbitrarily signed vortices. Here, h is a smooth positive function and

ρ
1

,

ρ
2

${\rho_{1},\rho_{2}}$

are two positive parameters. We provide the first multiplicity result for this class of equations by using Morse theory.
Bounded Solutions for Nonlocal Boundary Value Problems on Lipschitz Manifolds with Boundary
Authors: Gal Ciprian G. , Warma Mahamadi
Published: March 2016

We consider nonlinear nonlocal boundary value problems associated with fractional operators (including the fractional p-Laplace and the regional fractional p-Laplace operators) and subject to general (fractional-like) boundary conditions on bounded domains with Lipschitz boundary. Under suitable conditions on the nonlinearities of our system, we establish the existence of bounded solutions and provide explicit

L
∞

${L^{\infty}}$

-estimates of solutions which are optimal with respect to the inhomogeneous “sources” present in the system. As application, these results are shown to apply to a class of nonlinear nonlocal equations for the Dirichlet fractional p-Laplacian and regional fractional p-Laplace with a dissipative nonlinearity, and to a class of semilinear nonlocal boundary value problems with fractional Wentzell–Robin boundary conditions corresponding to the so-called fractional Wentzell Laplacian.
A Singular Semilinear Elliptic Equation with a Variable Exponent
Authors: Carmona José , Martínez-Aparicio Pedro J.
Published: March 2016

In this paper we consider singular semilinear elliptic equations with a variable exponent whose model problem is

-

Δ
⁢
u

=

f
⁢

(
x
)

u

γ
⁢

(
x
)

 

in
⁢
Ω

,

u
=

0
 

on
⁢

∂
⁡
Ω

.

$-\Delta u=\frac{f(x)}{u^{\gamma(x)}}\quad\text{in }\Omega,\qquad u=0\quad\text% {on }\partial\Omega.$

Here Ω is an open bounded set of

ℝ
N

${\mathbb{R}^{N}}$

,

γ
⁢

(
x
)

${\gamma(x)}$

is a positive continuous function and

f
⁢

(
x
)

${f(x)}$

is a positive function that belongs to a certain Lebesgue space. We prove that there exists a solution to this problem in the natural energy space

H
0
1

⁢

(
Ω
)

${H^{1}_{0}(\Omega)}$

when

γ
⁢

(
x
)

≤
1

${\gamma(x)\leq 1}$

in a strip around the boundary. For another case, we prove that the solution belongs to

H
loc
1

⁢

(
Ω
)

${H^{1}_{\mathrm{loc}}(\Omega)}$

and that it is zero on the boundary in a suitable sense.
Investigation of the Characteristics of Elasticised Woven Fabric by Using PBT Filament Yarns
Authors: Kadoğlu Hüseyin , Dimitrovski Krste , Marmaralı Arzu , Çelik Pınar , Bayraktar Güldemet Başal , Üte Tuba Bedez , Ertekin Gözde , Demšar Andrej , Kostanjek Klara
Published: March 2016

Owing to growing demand for comfortable clothes, elastane filament yarns are being used in fabrics for several garments. In this study, core spun yarns were produced with cotton fibres and PBT/elastane filament yarns (cotton as sheath material, PBT yarn and elastane as core yarns). Twill woven (1/3 Z) fabrics were produced by using core spun yarns (30 tex) and cotton yarns (30 tex) as weft, and 100% cotton yarn (59 tex) as warp yarns. The fabrics consisting of PBT were washed at 100°C for 30 minutes to gain the elasticity. The woven fabrics’ weight, thickness, elongation, permanent elongation, dimensional stability, air permeability, thermal conductivity, thermal absorptivity characteristics were tested and statistically evaluated. According to the results, the fabrics containing PBT and elastane filaments had similar elongation and shrinkage values. PBT filament yarns have a great potential to produce lightweight elastic fabrics.
Frictional Sound Analysis by Simulating the Human Arm Movement
Authors: Yosouf Khaldon , Latroch Hadj , Schacher Laurence , Adolphe Dominique C. , Drean Emilie , Zimpfer Véronique
Published: March 2016

Fabric noise generated by fabric-to-fabric friction is considered as one of the auditory disturbances that can have an impact on the quality of some textile products. For this reason, an instrument has been developed to analyse this phenomenon. The instrument is designed to simulate the relative movement of a human arm when walking. In order to understand the nature of the relative motion of a human arm, films of the upper half of the human body were taken. These films help to define the parameters required for movement simulation. These parameters are movement trajectory, movement velocity, arm pressure applied on the lateral part of the trunk and the friction area. After creating the instrument, a set of soundtracks related to the noise generated by fabric-to-fabric friction was recorded. The recordings were treated with a specific software to extract the sound parameters and the acoustic imprints of fabric were obtained.
Mathematical Modelling of the Heald Shaft
Authors: Bílek Martin , Kovář Šimon , Skřivánek Josef
Published: March 2016

The manufacturers of weaving equipment recently endeavour to minimise the necessary designing plays in the weaving loom mechanisms. One of the mechanisms most exposed to stress is the shedding motion that defines the held-shaft stroke. Its end part is the heald shaft. The heald shaft constitutes a problematic assembly of the shedding motion. The design employed presently is characterised by dynamic impact loading caused by designing play in the suspension of healds into the heald shaft. During weaving cycle, the healds fly between the main beams of the heald shaft, producing a considerable force pulse. This paper is concerned with the description of dynamic behaviour of the existing design on the basis of mathematical modelling and verification of obtained results by means of experimental analysis.
Innovativeness of Chosen Polish Textile-Clothing Companies
Authors: Czajkowski Tomasz , Woźniak-Malczewska Maria
Published: March 2016

Innovation allows companies to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. Companies—even in the same sector of activities—often have various ways to reach this goal. The paper gives an insight to the most recent trends concerning the theory of innovations, presents four different innovative approaches, and illustrates them with the help of the selected Polish textile companies. Those companies are only a few selected from many that belong to this sector, which are innovative not only at the national, but also at the international level. The authors decided to present examples from this sector because there is a belief that it is one of the declining sectors of the Polish economy, while the presented examples clearly show that it includes companies that are innovative and can compete even on global markets.
Planktonic and benthic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Middle Eocene–Lower Miocene successions from the Sivas Basin (Central Anatolia, Turkey)
Authors: Hakyemez Aynur , Özgen-Erdem Nazire , Kangal Özgen
Published: March 2016

Planktonic and benthic foraminifera are described from the Middle Eocene-Lower Miocene successions in the Sivas Basin, Central Anatolia. An integrated foraminiferal zonation provides new age assignments in terms of a great number of taxa for the studied sections. Four biostratigraphical intervals are first recorded based on the concurrent ranges of sporadically occurring but well preserved planktonic foraminiferal assemblages. The first interval characterized by the co-occurrences ofAcarinina bullbrooki, Truncorotaloides topilensisandTurborotalia cerroazulensisis referable to the E11 Zone of late Lutetian–early Bartonian. An assemblage yieldingParagloborotalia opimaaccompanied byGlobigerinella obesaforms a basis for the late Chattian O5 Zone. The successive interval corresponds to the late Chattian O6 Zone indicated by the presence ofGlobigerina ciperoensisandGlobigerinoides primordiusalong with the absence ofParagloborotalia opima. The early Aquitanian M1 Zone can be tentatively defined based mainly on the assemblage ofGlobigerina, Globigerinella, GloboturborotalitaandTenuitella. The biostratigraphical data obtained from the benthic foraminifera assign the studied sections to the SBZ 21–22, SBZ 23 and SBZ 24 ranging in age from Rupelian to Aquitanian. The SBZ 23 and 24 are well constrained biozones by the occurrences ofMiogypsinella complanataandMiogypsina gunteri, respectively, whereas the SBZ 21–22 defined by nummulitids and lepidocylinids in the Tethyan Shallow Benthic Zonation is characterized dominantly by peneroplids, soritids and miliolids in the studied sections. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages suggest different paleoenvironments covering lagoon, algal reef and shallow open marine whereas planktonic foraminifera provides evidence for relatively deep marine settings on the basis of assemblages characterized by a mixture of small-sized simple and more complex morphogroups indicative for intermediate depths of the water column.
Evolution of the passive margin of the peripheral foreland basin: an example from the Lower Miocene Carpathian Foredeep (Czech Republic)
Authors: Francírek Michal , Nehyba Slavomír
Published: March 2016

The Karpatian deposits of the central part of the Carpathian Foredeep in Moravia, which are deeply buried under the Outer Western Carpathians, provide a unique opportunity to reconstruct the former evolutionary stages of this peripheral foreland basin and its paleogeography. A succession of three depositional units characterized by a distinct depositional environment, provenance, and partly also foreland basin depozone, have been identified. The first depositional unit represents a proximal forebulge depozone and consists of lagoon-estuary and barred coastline deposits. The source from the “local” crystalline basement played here an important role. The second depositional unit consists of coastline to shallow marine deposits and is interpreted as a forebulge depozone. Tidalites recognized within this unit represent the only described tide-generated deposits of the Neogene infill of the Carpathian Foredeep basin in Moravia. The source from the basin passive margin (the Bohemian Massif) has been proved. The third depositional unit is formed by offshore deposits and represents a foredeep depozone. The provenance from both passive and active basin margin (Silesian Unit of the Western Carpathian Flysch Zone) has been proved. Thus, both a stepwise migration of the foredeep basin axis and shift of basin depozones outwards/cratonwards were documented, together with forebulge retreat. The shift of the foreland basin depozones more than 50 km cratonward can be assumed. The renewed thrusting along the basin’s active margin finally completely changed the basin shape and paleogeography. The upper part of the infill was deformed outside the prograding thrust front of flysch nappes and the flysch rocks together with a strip of Miocene sediments were superposed onto the inner part of the basin. The width and bathymetric gradient of the entire basin was changed/reduced and the deposition continued toward the platform. The basin evolution and changes in its geometry are interpreted as a consequence of the phases of the thrust-sheet stacking and sediment loading in combination with sea-level change.
Cenozoic structural evolution of the southwestern Bükk Mts. and the southern part of the Darnó Deformation Belt (NE Hungary)
Authors: Petrik Attila , Beke Barbara , Fodor László , Lukács Réka
Published: March 2016

Extensive structural field observations and seismic interpretation allowed us to delineate 7 deformation phases in the study area for the Cenozoic period. Phase D1 indicates NW–SE compression and perpendicular extension in the Late Oligocene–early Eggenburgian and it was responsible for the development of a wedge-shaped Paleogene sequence in front of north-westward propagating blind reverse faults. D2 is represented by E–W compression and perpendicular extension in the middle Eggenburgian–early Ottnangian. The D1 and D2 phases resulted in the erosion of Paleogene suites on elevated highs. Phase D2 was followed by a counterclockwise rotation, described in earlier publications. When considering the age of sediments deformed by the syn-sedimentary D3 deformation and preliminary geochronological ages of deformed volcanites the time of the first CCW rotation can be shifted slightly younger (~17–16.5 Ma) than previously thought (18.5–17.5 Ma). Another consequence of our new timing is that the extrusional tectonics of the ALCAPA unit, the D2 local phase, could also terminate somewhat later by 1 Myr. D4 shows NE–SW extension in the late Karpatian–Early Badenian creating NW–SE trending normal faults which connected the major NNE–SSW trending sinistral faults. The D5 and D6 phases are late syn-rift deformations indicating E–W extension and NW–SE extension, respectively. D5 indicates syn-sedimentary deformation in the Middle Badenian–early Sarmatian and caused the synsedimentary thickening of mid-Miocene suites along NNE–SSW trending transtensional faults. D5 postdates the second CCW rotation which can be bracketed between ~16–15 Ma. This timing is somewhat older than previously considered and is based on new geochronological dates of pyroclastite rocks which were not deformed by this phase. D6 was responsible for further deepening of half-grabens during the Sarmatian. D7 is post-tilt NNW–SSE extension and induced the deposition of the 700 m thick Pannonian wedge between 11.6–8.92 Ma in the southern part of the study area.
Impact of Energy Slope Averaging Methods on Numerical Solution of 1D Steady Gradually Varied Flow
Authors: Artichowicz Wojciech , Prybytak Dzmitry
Published: March 2016

In this paper, energy slope averaging in the one-dimensional steady gradually varied flow model is considered. For this purpose, different methods of averaging the energy slope between cross-sections are used. The most popular are arithmetic, geometric, harmonic and hydraulic means. However, from the formal viewpoint, the application of different averaging formulas results in different numerical integration formulas. This study examines the basic properties of numerical methods resulting from different types of averaging.
Analysis and Design of a Long Range PTFE Substrate UHF RFID Tag for Cargo Container Identification
Authors: Petrariu Adrian-Ioan , Popa Valentin
Published: March 2016

In this paper, a high-performances microstrip antenna for UHF (ultra high frequency) RFID (radio frequency identification) tag is designed, prototyped and tested. The antenna consists of two main components: a 1.52 mm RT/duroid 5880 laminate substrate on which the antenna is designed and a 10 mm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) dielectric material placed as a separator between the antenna and the reference ground plane for the microstrip antenna. With this structure, the RFID tag can reach a maximum reading distance of 19 m, although the antenna has a compact size of 80 mm × 50 mm. The long reading distance is obtained by attaching to the antenna an RFID chip that can provide a reading sensitivity of −20.5 dBm. The high bandwidth from 677 MHz to 947 MHz measured at −10 dB, makes the tag being usable worldwide especially for cargo container identification, the main purpose of this research.
A New Adaptive Mother Wavelet for Electromagnetic Transient Analysis
Authors: Guillén Daniel , Idárraga-Ospina Gina , Cortes Camilo
Published: March 2016

Wavelet Transform (WT) is a powerful technique of signal processing, its applications in power systems have been increasing to evaluate power system conditions, such as faults, switching transients, power quality issues, among others. Electromagnetic transients in power systems are due to changes in the network configuration, producing non-periodic signals, which have to be identified to avoid power outages in normal operation or transient conditions. In this paper a methodology to develop a new adaptive mother wavelet for electromagnetic transient analysis is proposed. Classification is carried out with an innovative technique based on adaptive wavelets, where filter bank coefficients will be adapted until a discriminant criterion is optimized. Then, its corresponding filter coefficients will be used to get the new mother wavelet, named wavelet ET, which allowed to identify and to distinguish the high frequency information produced by different electromagnetic transients.
Note on Modular Reduction in Extended Finite Fields and Polynomial Rings for Simple Hardware
Authors: Repka Marek
Published: March 2016

Modular reduction in extended finite fields and polynomial rings is presented, which once implemented works for any random reduction polynomial without changes of the hardware. It is possible to reduce polynomials of whatever degree. Based on the principal defined, two example RTL architectures are designed, and some useful features are noted furthermore. The first architecture is sequential and reduce whatever degree polynomials, taking 2 cycles per term. The second one is Parallel and designed for reduction of polynomials of 2(t −1) degree at most, taking 1 cycle for the whole reduction.
Quartz Crystal Micro–Balance Gas Sensor with Ink–Jet Printed Nano–Diamond Sensitive Layer
Authors: Kulha Pavel , Kroutil Jiří , Laposa Alexandr , Procházka Václav , Husák Miroslav
Published: March 2016

the paper presents fabrication and characterization of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance based gas sensor with a diamond powder sensitive layer deposited using the ink-jet printing technique. The sensor was exposed to a low concentration of ammonia, acetone vapors and different levels of humidity. Impedance characteristics close to the natural resonant frequency of 10 MHz were examined. The sensor exhibits significant shifts in serial resonant frequency under different gas environments.
Critical Theory and Processual Social Ontology
Authors: Renault Emmanuel
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this article is to bridge the gap between critical theory as understood in the Frankfurt school tradition on the one hand, and social ontology understood as a reflection on the ontological presuppositions of social sciences and social theories on the other. What is at stake is the type of social ontology that critical theory needs if it wants to tackle its main social ontological issue: that of social transformation. This paper’s claim is that what is required is neither a substantial social ontology, nor a relational social ontology, but a processual one. The first part of this article elaborates the distinction between substantial, relational and processual social ontologies. The second part analyzes the various ways in which this distinction can be used in social ontological discussions. Finally, the third part focuses on the various possible social ontological approaches to the issue of social transformation.
Tension in the Natural History of Human Thinking
Authors: Moll Henrike
Published: March 2016

Michael Tomasello has greatly expanded our knowledge of human cognition and how it differs from that of other animals. In this commentary to his recent book A Natural History of Human Thinking, I first critique some of the presuppositions and arguments of his evolutionary story about how homo sapiens’ cognition emerged. For example, I question the strategy of relying on the modern chimpanzee as a model for our last shared ancestor, and I doubt the idea that what changed first over evolutionary time was hominin behavior, which then in turn brought about changes in cognition. In the second half of the commentary I aim to show that the author oscillates between an additive and a transformative account of human shared intentionality. I argue that shared intentionality shapes cognition in its entirety and therefore precludes the possibility that humans have the same, individual intentionality (as shown in, e.g. their instrumental reasoning) as other apes.
Electrochemical deposition of coatings of highly entropic alloys from non-aqueous solutions
Authors: Jeníček V. , Diblíková L. , Bláhová M.
Published: March 2016

The paper deals with electrochemical deposition of coatings of highly entropic alloys. These relatively new materials have been recently intensively studied. The paper describes the first results of electrochemical coating with highly entropic alloys by deposition from non-aqueous solutions. An electrochemical device was designed and coatings were deposited. The coatings were characterised with electronic microscopy scanning, atomic absorption spectrometry and X-ray diffraction methods and the combination of methods of thermic analysis of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry.
The influence of total reinforcement anchorage length on misinterpretation of the impact of hot-dip galvanised steel corrosion on its bond strength with concrete
Authors: Pokorný P. , Čech J. , Tej P. , Vokáč M.
Published: March 2016

To begin with, the intorduction of this paper summarises literature sources that wrongly interpret results of the bond strength between hot-dip galvanised reinforcements and concrete. The influence of the total reinforcement anchorage length on the bond strength results assessment was studied in detail. The numeric analysis of beam models with various testing anchorage lengths (the analysis input data comprised the results of previous bond strength tests carried out in a laboratory) unambiguously confirmed that when the bond strength between concrete and hot-dip galvanised reinforcement with a sufficient test anchorage length is tested in a beam test, the negative impact of the coating corrosion on bond strength with concrete may be biased. It is more objective to test bond strength with concrete in a pull-out test where a very short test reinforcement anchorage length is set out as a standard.
Synthesis of Graphenic Carbon Materials on Nickel Particles with Controlled Quantity of Carbon
Authors: Grehov V. , Kalnacs J. , Mishnev A. , Kundzins K.
Published: March 2016

A cheap, comparatively simple and effective method is proposed for the large quantity production of the sheets of graphenic carbon materials (GCM) by annealing the mixture of nickel powder with a suitable carbon amount at the temperatures close to 1000 ºC. The number of graphene layers in the sheets of GCM may be varied by altering the amount of carbon in the mixture and parameters of annealing and drying of the obtained products. Samples of GCM were prepared in the form of heat-dried GCM paper and in the form of graphene sponge with freeze-drying. The appearance of GCM on the surface of Ni particles was identified using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a low accelerating voltage of 5 kV. The thickness and properties of the layers were investigated by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The fabrication processes were carried out at the concentrations of added carbon from 0 to 1 at%. The results obtained are fully consistent with the well-known solid phase reactions of carbon dissolution in Ni at 1000 °C and graphene or graphite precipitation on the surface with cooling down to the room temperatures.
Tribological Properties of PVD Carbon-Copper Composite Films Reinforced by Titanium
Authors: Lungevics J. , Leitans A. , Rudzitis J. , Bulahs N. , Nazarovs P. , Kovalenko V.
Published: March 2016

Carbon-copper composite coatings reinforced with titanium were deposited using high power magnetron sputtering technique. Tribological and metrological tests were performed using Taylor Hobson Talysurf Intra 50 measuring equipment and CSM Instruments ball-on-disk type tribometer. Friction coefficient and wear rate were determined at 2N, 4N, 6N loads. It was revealed that friction coefficient decreased at a higher Ti concentration, which was particularly expressed at bigger applied loads. However, wear volume values tended to increase in the beginning, till Ti concentration reached about 11 %, but then decreased, thus providing better nanocoating wear resistance.
Testing knowledge sharing effectiveness: trust, motivation, leadership style, workplace spirituality and social network embedded model
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Sabbir , Osman-Gani AAhad M. , Momen Md. Abdul , Islam Nazrul
Published: March 2016

The aim of this inquiry is to investigate the relationships among the antecedents of knowledge sharing effectiveness under the position of non-academic staff of higher learning institutions through an empirical test of a conceptual model consisting of trust, extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, leadership style, workplace spirituality and online social network. This study used the respondents from the non-academic staff of higher learning institutions in Malaysia (n = 200), utilizing a self-administered survey questionnaire. The structural equation modeling approach was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The outcomes indicate that all the antecedents play a substantial function in knowledge sharing effectiveness. In addition, perceived risk plays a mediating role between trust and knowledge sharing effectiveness. On the other hand, this research also proved the communication skill also plays a mediating role between leadership style and knowledge sharing effectiveness. This study contributes to pioneering empirical findings on knowledge sharing literature under the scope of the non-academic staff perspective.
Using CSR to mitigate information asymmetry in the banking sector
Authors: Semenescu Andreea , Curmei Cătălin Valeriu
Published: March 2016

The paper examines the power of corporate social responsibility to reduce information asymmetry and to act as a marketing instrument in the banking sector. Trust is the most important asset of a bank. Therefore, banks are motivated to use the most effective instruments to diminish information asymmetry with their stakeholders. The fact that cash disbursements in CSR actions are not directed towards shareholders makes them more valuable signals to other stakeholders regarding the financial soundness of the bank. The empirical study conducted based on limited dependent variable models supports the effectiveness of the CSR as marketing instrument in banking. It reveals the circumstances associated to a higher probability of an active CSR policy conducted by a banking institution. The results support the hypothesis that in the banking sector CSR is perceived as an instrument which helps stakeholders reduce information asymmetry. As marketing instrument, CSR contributes to increasing the tangibility of the banking products, decreasing their perceived variability and thus making them more attractive for the clients and allowing for differentiation between competitors.
Youth motivations to watch sports in Indian context: exploring cross-nationality and cross-gender differences
Authors: Yousaf Anish , Bashir Makhmoor , Amin Insha
Published: March 2016

The current study revolves around research in sport consumption motivations exploring Nationality and Gender difference across fan motivations to watch sports in a way similar to Kwon and Trail (2001) in Indian context, a subject neglected until now. Data was collected from 260 respondents from India’s largest Private University. Findings reveal Group Affiliation as the most important motivation followed by Eustress (entertainment), Aesthetics, and Self-Esteem. Betting on sports was found as the least preferred motivation. Findings revealed Nationality having a significant impact on Group Affiliation and Aesthetics while Gender has a significant impact on Group Affiliation, Eustress as well as on level of identification with sport. These findings have implications for sports marketers of different sporting events involved in marketing of sports related activities to enhance their marketing practices. The results of the current study are of interest for physical education departments of large private Universities which can use them to promote their sports events at a large scale. The last section of the study discusses the results in detail followed by directions for future research.
The crystal structure of bis(4-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methane, C25H36N4
Authors: Lian Zhi-Min , Sun Juan
Published: March 2016

C25H36N4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.460(2), Å, b = 12.653(3) Å, c = 17.566(3) Å, β = 94.452(7)°, V = 2317.9(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0548, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1325, T = 273 K.
Crystal structure of 2-amino-3-cyano-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-4H-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran, C18H15F3N2O2
Authors: Meng Qinghua , Zhang Shuan
Published: March 2016

C18H15F3N2O2, monoclinic P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.5271(8) Å, b = 17.2629(9) Å, c = 10.5560(9) Å, β = 113.526(4)°, V = 1591.8(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0417, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1203, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of dichlorido(2-(1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)aniline-κ2
N,N′)zinc(II)
Authors: Zhou Ting-Ting , Zhang Dong-Mei , Li Jia-Wen , Zhang Fan
Published: March 2016

C14H13Cl2N3Zn, M = 359.54, orthorhombic, Pna21 (No. 33), a = 10.1222(5) Å, b = 18.6435(10) Å, c = 7.6190(4) Å, V = 1437.81(12) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0407, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0780, T = 102 K.
Crystal structure of (Z)-1-(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-hydroxybut-2-en-1-one C9H12N2O2
Authors: Radi Smaail , Tighadouini Said , Hadda Taibi Ben , Akkurt Mehmet , Özdemir Namık , Sirajuddin Muhammad , Mabkhot Yahia N.
Published: March 2016

C9H12N2O2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 6.6954(7) Å, b = 7.6325(8) Å, c = 9.8928(11) Å, α = 95.908(9)°, β = 92.810(9)°, γ = 108.360(8)°. V = 475.49(9) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0606, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1549, T = 296(2) K.
Spread and Liquidity Issues: A markets comparison
Authors: Strašek Sebastjan , Bricelj Bor
Published: March 2016

The financial crises are closely connected with spread changes and liquidity issues. After defining and addressing spread considerations, we research in this paper the topic of liquidity issues in times of economic crisis. We analyse the liquidity effects as recorded on spreads of securities from different markets. We stipulate that higher international risk aversion in times of financial crises coincides with widening security spreads. The paper then introduces liquidity as a risk factor into the standard value-at-risk framework, using GARCH methodology. The comparison of results of these models suggests that the size of the tested markets does not have a strong effect on the models. Thus, we find that spread analysis is an appropriate tool for analysing liquidity issues during a financial crisis.
Capabilities of Statistical Residual-Based Control Charts in Short- and Long-Term Stock Trading
Authors: Žmuk Berislav
Published: March 2016

The aim of this paper is to introduce and develop additional statistical tools to support the decision-making process in stock trading. The prices of CROBEX10 index stocks on the Zagreb Stock Exchange were used in the paper. The conducted trading simulations, based on the residual-based control charts, led to an investor’s profit in 67.92% cases. In the short run, the residual-based cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart led to the highest portfolio profits. In the long run, when average stock prices were used and 2-sigma control limits set, the residual-based exponential weighted moving average control chart had the highest portfolio profit. In all other cases in the long run, the CUSUM control chart appeared to be the best choice. The acknowledgment that the SPC methods can be successfully used in stock trading will, hopefully, increase their use in this field.