bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stable White Afterglow Along the Blackbody Radiation Line Enabled by Assisted Partial Phosphorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Wu Tongyue , Liao Peilong , Qi Weilin , Song Huaiyu , Li Hongpeng , Huang Jianbin , Yan Yun
Published: November 2024

White afterglow is very appealing both in scenario‐specific luminescence and background‐free bio‐imaging, while it is challenging to obtain stable white afterglow due to the difficulty in matching the emission lifetimes of complementary colors. It is reported here that assisted partial phosphorescence resonance energy transfer (ap‐PRET) can be a very efficient way toward this goal. When a blue afterglow of energy donor with long lifetime is obtained in a polymeric network displaying phosphorescent clusterization‐triggered emission (CTE), the network assisted partial phosphorescence resonance energy transfer (ap‐PRET) between it and a yellow fluorescent acceptor would yields orange afterglow. Owing to the energy supply of the CTE network, the lifetime of the donors blue afterglow can be tuned close to that of the acceptors orange afterglow through ap‐PRET in a wide donor to accepter ratios, and emissions ranging from the cold to warm white afterglows can be obtained. Amazingly, these white afterglows are along the blackbody radiation line in the CIE plot, disclosing the powerful ability of ap‐PRET in generating desired white afterglows for applications in diversified luminescent scenarios.
Self‐Recoverable and NIR‐I to NIR‐II Tunable Broadband Mechanoluminescence of Cr3+‐Doped Antimonate Double Perovskites
Authors: Dou Chao , Liang Tianlong , Zhao Meng , Song Zhen , Ning Lixin , Peng Dengfeng , Liu Quanlin
Published: November 2024

Mechanoluminescence (ML), which generates an optical response to external mechanical stimuli, shows promise for high‐end stress sensing, flexible optoelectronic skin, dynamic mechanical visualization, and anti‐counterfeiting applications. Near‐infrared (NIR) light possesses the advantages of high tissue penetration capability and can be absorbed by certain organic molecules, thus NIR‐ML materials have potential applications in biomechanics imaging, nondestructive composition analysis, etc. However, their practical applications are limited by the emission wavelengths and bandwidths of the NIR‐ML materials. In this study, a series of double perovskites A2MSbO6:Cr3+ (A = Sr, Ba; and M = Ga, Sc) is reported with self‐recoverable NIR‐ML emissions. By modulating the composition, the ML emission coverage are tuned from NIR‐I to NIR‐II (700 nm to over 1200 nm), and adjusted the full width at half maximum of the emission to 163 nm. In addition, under ultrasonic stimulation, these A2MSbO6:Cr3+ ML materials emitted NIR light, with the NIR light from Sr2ScSbO6:Cr3+ penetrating 5 mm of beef tissue. This study expands the library of NIR‐ML light sources and the ML spectral range, thereby promoting new applications of NIR‐ML materials.
Facilitating Dielectric Elastomer Actuator Multilayer Fabrication and Performance Through Low‐Contact‐Resistance Hybrid Electrodes, Scalable Vacuum Filtration, and Adaptive Pre‐Clearing
Authors: Cohen Andy J. , Yuen Michelle C. , Corrigan Mady N. , Xu Siyi , Wood Robert J.
Published: November 2024

Networks of conductive nanoparticles have been used as electrodes for dielectric elastomer actuator multilayers because of their excellent extensibility and low added stiffness. Nanoparticle network topography, however, has typically effected a tradeoff between conductivity and breakdown strength. This has limited actuators to a corresponding tradeoff between either high operating frequencies and efficiencies or high stresses, strains, and energy densities. This tradeoff is resolved by spatially patterning multiple nanoparticles to produce hybrid electrodes. Sparse networks of high‐aspect‐ratio carbon nanotubes allow for self‐clearing in the body of the electrode, yielding 54.7 V µm−1 breakdown strength, 86.4% that of the neat elastomer. Dense networks of low‐aspect‐ratio carbon black at the external interfaces, meanwhile, provide low contact resistance (44.09 kΩmm). Two tools essential for their practical deployment are developed: a scalable fabrication process and an automated pre‐clearing algorithm. The fabrication method leverages the batch spray and stamp paradigm in concert with vacuum filtration to scalably deposit nanoparticle electrodes with minimal parameter tuning, enabling the production of a 100‐layer actuator capable of 14% strain. The adaptive pre‐clearing algorithm discriminates between and responds to a range of defect‐induced failures in newly fabricated actuators, eliminating the need for human oversight and standardizing the break‐in procedure.
Vacuum‐Sublimed Cocrystalline Thin Films of Naphthalene Bisimide and Pt(II) Complex for Phosphorescent Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Brust Felix , Soldner Simon , Stepanenko Vladimir , Stolte Matthias , Würthner Frank
Published: November 2024

Cocrystals employing small organic molecules with platinum(II)‐complexes are known to exhibit organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP). However, this desirable property is so far only demonstrated in the macroscopic 1:1 cocrystalline state, which limits device applications outside of small single‐crystal devices. Here, this work shows that vacuum cosublimed thin films of both components in various mixing ratios form layers with self‐assembled small cocrystalline domains which exhibit RTP. This Pt(II) doping improves the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (ΦPL) of the now phosphorescence emitting 1,8:4,5‐naphthalene bisimide (NBI) from below 0.1% to 9% in respective thin films. These doped layers are employed as active layers in light‐emitting diodes to emit red electroluminescence (EL). Via time‐resolved measurements the lifetime of the device EL is determined in accordance with the PL to be around 50 µs. Maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of over 0.2% with RTP emission signatures consistent with the PL of solution‐grown cocrystals could be achieved.
Charge Dynamics and Defect States under “Spot‐Light”: Spectroscopic Insights into Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Junjie , He Maolin , Liu Chunming , Gao Peng
Published: November 2024

Halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown remarkable power conversion efficiencies. However, the inherent defect issues of perovskite materials still limit their performance and long‐term stability, resulting in lifespans far from commercial standards. With their noninvasive approach to probing the electronic and vibrational properties of materials, spectroscopic techniques have become crucial tools for uncovering and understanding defect states and complex charge carrier dynamics in halide perovskites. This review explores the application of various advanced spectroscopic techniques in PSCs to elucidate the complex behaviors of charge carriers within PSCs. These techniques reveal detailed temporal and spatial distributions of charge carriers, enabling precise analysis of defect impacts and interfacial charge transfer processes. By integrating spectroscopic data, it is possible to more accurately identify and mitigate defect‐induced nonradiative recombination and charge transfer, thereby enhancing the stability and efficiency of PSCs. This comprehensive spectroscopic understanding is crucial for developing innovative technologies to accelerate the commercial viability of PSCs.
In Vivo Photopolymerization: Achieving Detailed Conducting Patterns for Bioelectronics
Authors: Ek Fredrik , Abrahamsson Tobias , Savvakis Marios , Bormann Stefan , Mousa Abdelrazek H. , Shameem Muhammad Anwar , Hellman Karin , Yadav Amit Singh , Betancourt Lazaro Hiram , Ekström Peter , Gerasimov Jennifer Y. , Simon Daniel T. , Marko‐Varga György , Hjort Martin , Berggren Magnus , Strakosas Xenofon , Olsson Roger
Published: November 2024

Bioelectronics holds great potential as therapeutics, but introducing conductive structures within the body poses great challenges. While implanted rigid and substrate‐bound electrodes often result in inflammation and scarring in vivo, they outperform the in situ‐formed, more biocompatible electrodes by providing superior control over electrode geometry. For example, one of the most researched methodologies, the formation of conductive polymers through enzymatic catalysis in vivo, is governed by diffusion control due to the slow kinetics, with curing times that span several hours to days. Herein, the discovery of the formation of biocompatible conductive structures through photopolymerization in vivo, enabling spatial control of electrode patterns is reported. The process involves photopolymerizing novel photoactive monomers, 3Es (EDOT‐trimers) alone and in a mixture to cure the poly(3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)butoxy‐1‐sulfonate (PEDOT‐S) derivative A5, resulting in conductive structures defined by photolithography masks. These reactions are adapted to in vivo conditions using green and red lights, with short curing times of 5–30 min. In contrast to the basic electrode structures formed through other in situ methods, the formation of specific and layered patterns is shown. This opens up the creation of more complex 3D layers‐on‐layer circuits in vivo.
Optimizing Atomic and Electronic Structure of Antiperovskite Solid Electrolytes for Electrochemically Stable Interface of Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Kim Heebae , Jang Eunbin , Jin Huding , Yun Heejun , Lee Jeewon , Lee Jemin , Min Byeongyun , Yoon Si Hyun , Choi Won Jun , Yoo Jeeyoung , Kim Youn Sang
Published: November 2024

Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) employing Li‐metal anodes (LMAs) show significant potential for overcoming the energy density limitations inherent in conventional Li‐ion batteries with graphite anodes. In the past decade, diverse approaches have tried to improve the cycling performance of SSBs, including chemical modifications of solid electrolytes (SEs) and designs of multifunctional interlayers. However, knowledge gaps regarding the physical characteristics of Li‐ion conducting inorganic SEs and the interfacial stability of LMAs are impeding advancements in battery technology. Herein, a practical strategy is developed to facilitate Li‐ion mobility and mitigate current constriction at the interfaces via manganese substitution into antiperovskite SEs, inspired by how liquid electrolyte additives modify the surface characteristics of LMAs. Due to the stable half‐filled 3d shell of manganese, the physically modified SE can achieve structural endurance and electrochemical compatibility with LMA. The Li symmetric cell employing this advanced SE demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performance at room temperature without external pressure. This cell configuration exhibits a high critical current density of 10.5 mA cm−2 and maintains its stable charge–discharge process over 4000 cycles at 10.0 mA cm−2. The findings here will advance the commercialization of SSBs by providing insights into the complicated solid‐solid interactions during battery operation.
Endogenous/exogenous stimuli‐responsive smart hydrogels for diabetic wound healing
Authors: Khattak Saadullah , Ullah Ihsan , Sohail Mohammad , Akbar Muhammad Usman , Rauf Mohd Ahmar , Ullah Salim , Shen Jianliang , Xu Hong‐Tao
Published: November 2024

Diabetes significantly impairs the body's wound‐healing capabilities, leading to chronic, infection‐prone wounds. These wounds are characterized by hyperglycemia, inflammation, hypoxia, variable pH levels, increased matrix metalloproteinase activity, oxidative stress, and bacterial colonization. These complex conditions complicate effective wound management, prompting the development of advanced diabetic wound care strategies that exploit specific wound characteristics such as acidic pH, high glucose levels, and oxidative stress to trigger controlled drug release, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effects of the dressings. Among the solutions, hydrogels emerge as promising due to their stimuli‐responsive nature, making them highly effective for managing these wounds. The latest advancements in mono/multi‐stimuli‐responsive smart hydrogels showcase their superiority and potential as healthcare materials, as highlighted by relevant case studies. However, traditional wound dressings fall short of meeting the nuanced needs of these wounds, such as adjustable adhesion, easy removal, real‐time wound status monitoring, and dynamic drug release adjustment according to the wound's specific conditions. Responsive hydrogels represent a significant leap forward as advanced dressings proficient in sensing and responding to the wound environment, offering a more targeted approach to diabetic wound treatment. This review highlights recent advancements in smart hydrogels for wound dressing, monitoring, and drug delivery, emphasizing their role in improving diabetic wound healing. It addresses ongoing challenges and future directions, aiming to guide their clinical adoption.
Biosynthetic Origin of the Methoxy Group in Quinine and Related Alkaloids
Authors: Lombe Blaise Kimbadi , Zhou Tingan , Caputi Lorenzo , Ploss Kerstin , O'Connor Sarah E.
Published: November 2024

Quinine is a historically important natural product containing a methoxy group that has been assumed to be incorporated at a late pathway stage. Here we show that the methoxy group in quinine and related alkaloids is introduced onto the starting substrate tryptamine. Feeding studies definitively show that 5‐methoxytryptamine is utilized as a quinine biosynthetic intermediate in planta. We discover the biosynthetic genes that encode the responsible oxidase and methyltransferase, and we use these genes to reconstitute the early steps of the alkaloid biosynthetic pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana to produce a mixture of methoxylated and non‐methoxylated alkaloid intermediates. Importantly, we show that the co‐occurrence of both tryptamine and 5‐methoxytryptamine substrates, along with the substrate promiscuity of downstream pathway enzymes, enable parallel formation of both methoxylated and non‐methoxylated alkaloids.
Synergistic π‐Extension and Peripheral‐Locking of B/N‐Based Multi‐Resonance Framework Enables High‐Performance Pure‐Green Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Xiao Shengbing , Cao Xiaosong , Chen Guohao , Yin Xiaojun , Chen Zhi , Miao Jingsheng , Yang Chuluo
Published: November 2024

Multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters offer natural advantages for creating power‐efficient, wide‐color‐gamut OLEDs. However, current green MR‐TADF emitters face challenges in simultaneously achieving high color purity and efficient reverse inter‐system crossing (RISC), leading to suboptimal device performance. In this study, we propose a synergistic molecular design approach that combines π‐extension and peripheral locking to address these challenges. This approach allows for the construction of quadruple borylated MR‐TADF emitters that not only deliver precisely tuned pure‐green emission with a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 15 nm, but also exhibit close‐to‐unity quantum yield, rapid RISC, and optimal horizontal dipole orientation. The resulting sensitizer‐free OLED approaches the BT.2020 standard with CIE coordinates of (0.18, 0.74) and demonstrates impressive external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 36.6 % at maximum and 31.8 % at 1000 cd m−2. Additionally, the device shows good operational stability, with a lifetime (LT80) of 485 hours at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m−2. This study hence offers a promising molecular design strategy that effectively enhances the comprehensive OLED performance.
Glycerol esterification of free fatty acids catalyzed by zinc glycerolate for biodiesel production from acidified palm oil: Optimization, kinetic study, and process evaluation
Authors: Fei Haotian , Zheng Congwen , Wu Zhenyu , Liang Xiaojiang , Nie Yong
Published: November 2024

Biodiesel is an important alternative renewable liquid fuel due to its eco‐friendly, non‐toxic, and lower emissions. In this work, glycerol esterification catalyzed by zinc glycerolate was employed as a pretreatment to prepare biodiesel from acidified palm oil. The effects of stirring rate, catalyst amount, glycerol to free fatty acids (FFAs) molar ratio, and reaction temperature on the conversion of FFAs and concentration of monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides were investigated and optimized. The results show that the conversion of FFAs could reach 99.16% under the optimized conditions. Moreover, the kinetics of glycerol esterification catalyzed by zinc glycerolate at 160–200°C was obtained. Additionally, a comprehensive evaluation of the new biodiesel production process was also conducted. As a result, higher biodiesel content in the crude biodiesel phase was obtained after transesterification and separation using this new process. Overall, the study contributes to the utilization of waste oils to produce renewable energy and to minimize the waste management problem.
Macromolecular metamorphosis of thermoplastic poly(thio)urethanes containing boronic acid esters
Authors: Schwarzl Philip , Koch Thomas , Liska Robert , Baudis Stefan
Published: November 2024

Biodegradable thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) are promising materials for vascular grafts, due to their excellent mechanical properties and the possibility to incorporate degradable moieties. Especially degradability is important in the field of tissue engineering (TE) or regenerative medicine, because the synthetic scaffold should be replaced by human tissue after a certain time. We synthesized thermoplastic polythiourethanes (TPTUs) based on degradable chain extenders and tested their mechanical, thermal and degradation characteristics. As soft‐block we used polytetrahydrofuran (pTHF) and as hard‐block the aliphatic hexamethylenediisocyanate (HMDI) in combination with a variety of chain extenders. The focus was set on the boronic acid‐based dithiol 2,2′‐(1,4‐phenylene)‐bis[4‐mercaptan‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolane] (BDB). As dithiol‐based reference 1,2‐bis(2‐mercaptoethoxy)ethane (BMEE) was used and bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐terephthalate (BHET) as well‐known ester‐based reference chain extender. By using BDB as degradable chain extender we could accelerate the degradation rate in terms of mass erosion at 37 and 90°C compared to BHET‐based TPUs. However, a strong increase in molecular weight was observed under degradation conditions. Further investigation by ATR‐FTIR revealed a release of benzene‐1,4‐diboronic acid (BDBA) in the polymer. This leads to the formation of a hydroxy‐terminated polyol, which then undergoes an intramolecular functional group metamorphosis with the thiourethane group to form a crosslinked polymer. BMEE‐based TPTUs in contrast show excellent mechanical properties, even better than BHET‐TPUs but a slightly lower mass erosion at 37 and 90°C.
Investigation of the Adaptability of Pt/HfO2/n+Si Memristors with Self‐Limiting Oxygen‐Deficient Hafnium Oxide Films under Repetitive Pulse Stimuli
Authors: Wang Kexiang , Lu Jie , Xiang Zeyang , Shi Mengrui , Wu Liuxuan , Yan Fuyu , Jiang Ran
Published: November 2024

In this study, the performance of memristive devices made of oxygen‐deficient HfO2 films is investigated when exposed to various electrical pulse stimulations. The devices exhibited signs of fatigue with the number increasing of a fixed frequency pulse, mirroring the synaptic adaptation to repeat stimuli. Interestingly, the synaptic behavior can be highly simulated by logic function, and the pulse frequency and magnitude play different roles in changing the synaptic curves. Only pulses with certain quantized frequencies can reshape the synaptic current response curve. In addition, a similarity is observed between the frequency stability of these devices and the biological lifespan in response to external stimuli. These observations strengthen the case for the potential of memristors in emulating cognitive functions.
Unveiling tomorrow: Carbonic anhydrase activators and inhibitors pioneering new frontiers in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mishra KM Abha , Sethi Kalyan K.
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and a principal basis of dementia in the elderly population globally. Recently, human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs, EC 4.2.1.1) were demonstrated as possible new targets for treating AD. hCAs are vital for maintaining pH balance and performing other physiological processes as they catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and a proton. Current research indicates that hCA plays a role in brain functions critical for transmitting neural signals. Activation of carbonic anhydrase (CA) has emerged as a promising avenue in addressing memory loss and cognitive issues. Conversely, the exploration of CA inhibition represents a novel frontier in this field. By enhancing glial fitness and cerebrovascular health and blocking amyloid‐β (Aβ)‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction pathways, cytochrome C (CytC) release, caspase 9 activation, and H2O2 generation in neurons, CA inhibitors improve cognition and lessen the pathology caused by Aβ. Recent research has pushed hCAs into the spotlight as critical players in AD pathogenesis and precise therapeutic targets. The captivating dilemma of choosing between hCA inhibitors and activators looms large, as inhibitors reduce Aβ aggregation and improve cerebral blood flow, while activators enhance cerebrovascular functions and restore pH balance. The current review sheds light on the clinical evidence for hCAs and the roles of inhibitors and activators in AD. Additionally, this review offers a fascinating outlook on the data that may aid medicinal chemists in designing and developing new leads that are more effective and selective for upcoming in vitro and in vivo studies, allowing for the discovery and introduction of novel drug candidates for the treatment of AD to the market and into the clinical pipeline.
Spatio‐temporal localization of P21‐activated kinase in endometrial cancer
Authors: Roy Joydeep , Hemavathy Nagarajan , Saravanan Roshni , Gopinath Prarthana , Pugazh Pooja , Jeyaraman Jeyakanthan , Venkatraman Ganesh , Rayala Suresh Kumar
Published: November 2024

Endometrial cancer is the sixth most common gynecologic cancer, and has been reported as a malignancy arising due to the idiopathic effects of certain anticancer agents. Tamoxifen is the drug of choice in ER‐positive breast cancer, and several studies have shown better disease‐free survival in these patients. However, the long‐term usage of tamoxifen has been associated with resistance and risk for endometrial malignancy. A direct mechanistic basis for tamoxifen‐induced endometrial tumorigenesis is still unclear. Hyperactivation of PAK1 in endometrial cancer correlates with poor overall survival. The present study demonstrates that tamoxifen treatment induces nuclear localization of PAK1 in endometrial carcinoma cells. This nuclear transit is mediated through JAK2 phosphorylation of PAK1 and binding of β‐PIX. In addition, a computational approach involving molecular modeling and simulation of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of PAK1 was used to elucidate the dynamics of nuclear localization. Thus, PAK1 phosphorylation by JAK2 is a prerequisite for its nuclear localization and its tumorigenic effects on endometrial cancer cells.
Ameliorative effect of rutecarpine supplementation against cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats via inhibition of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, high‐mobility group box 1, and nuclear factor kappa B
Authors: Zhang Dong , Jin Rui , Li Guoxing , Zhang CaiFeng , Zhou Yanhong
Published: November 2024

Cisplatin, the pioneering heavy metal compound, stands out as a potent drug for the treatment of various solid tumors. However, its clinical utility is hampered by notable toxicity and adverse effects, particularly nephrotoxicity. The potency of rutecarpine, a phytochemical, in mitigating cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity was assessed in the present study. In this experimental setup, healthy male Wistar rats were grouped into four and Group I rats served as the control group, receiving only vehicle control. Group II rats were subjected to cisplatin treatment alone, administered intraperitoneally at a dosage of 7 mg/kg body weight on the 19th, 20th, and 21st days. Group III and IV rats were orally administered with rutecarpine at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight, respectively, starting from Day 1 and continuing daily for 21 days. Additionally, they were injected intraperitoneally with cisplatin at the same dosage and schedule as Group II. Relative kidney weight and renal biochemical markers blood urea nitrogen, lactate dehydrogenase, serum urea, and creatinine were measured to assess rutecarpine inhibitory potency against cisplatin toxicity. Markers of oxidative damage and antioxidants levels were quantified in the ruteacarpine‐ and cisplatin‐treated rats. The study investigated the anti‐inflammatory property of rutecarpine in cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity by analyzing inflammatory cytokines. Renal tissue levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, high‐mobility group box 1, and nuclear factor kappa B, key markers of nephrotoxicity, were quantified to assess rutecarpine's potential to mitigate cisplatin‐triggered damage. Histopathological examinations were performed to confirm the impact of rutecarpine against cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity. Treatment with rutecarpine notably reduced renal biochemical markers, prevented renal edema, and attenuated oxidative stress‐induced damage in cisplatin‐treated rats. Both inflammatory and nephrotoxicity markers showed significant decreases in rats treated with rutecarpine along with cisplatin. Histological analysis affirmed that rutecarpine pretreatment effectively prevented cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity. The study findings demonstrate that rutecarpine ameliorates cisplatin‐triggered nephrotoxicity through its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, suggesting that rutecarpine supplementation alongside cisplatin treatment could potentially reduce nephrotoxicity in cancer patients.
The development of supplemental multimedia learning modules and their impact on student learning in food biotechnology courses
Authors: Zhu Jiangyu , Yang Zhengfei , Yin Yongqi , Fang Weiming
Published: November 2024

The rapid growth of online education has created opportunities to integrate multimedia learning tools into complex scientific disciplines like food biotechnology. This study aimed to develop and evaluate supplementary online course modules on gene expression analysis, protein engineering tools, and fermentation genomics for undergraduate food biotechnology education. Based on cognitive load theory and multimedia learning principles, the modules incorporated focused visual media and interactive knowledge checks. The study involved 85 students in an introductory food microbiology course and 25 students in an upper‐level food biochemistry elective at a large public university. Module implementation included tracking student usage through learning management system analytics, collecting qualitative feedback, and assessing learning outcomes via exam performance. Results showed that 73%–76% of students voluntarily accessed the modules, with average engagement times of 5–8 min per module. Student feedback highlighted the modules' effectiveness in clarifying textbook content through replayable examples and real‐world scenarios. Comparison of exam scores revealed a 6%–10% improvement in performance on module‐related items compared to overall exam averages. Qualitative feedback indicated that students found the visual representations and interactive elements helpful for clarifying complex concepts. This study demonstrates the potential of well‐designed multimedia modules to support student learning in food biotechnology education, providing a model for expanding such resources in food science curricula.
Developing a Women's Heart Center With a Specialization in Coronary Microvascular and Vasomotor Dysfunction: If You Build It, They Will Come
Authors: Tapp Danielle N. , Ashokprabhu Namrita D. , Hamstra Michelle S. , Losekamp Melissa , Schmidt Christian , Palmer Cassady , Julie Gallatin N. P. , Tierney Darlene , Trenaman Tammy , Canoniero Mariana , Frizzell Jarrod , Henry Timothy D. , Quesada Odayme
Published: November 2024

Background

Women's Heart Centers (WHC) are comprehensive, multidisciplinary care centers designed to close the existing gap in women's cardiovascular care. The WHC at The Christ Hospital Heart and Vascular Institute (TCH‐WHC) in Cincinnati, Ohio was established in October of 2020, and is a specialized coronary microvascular and vasomotor dysfunction (CMVD) program.

Methods

The TCH‐WHC focuses its efforts across five pillars: patient care, research, education, community outreach and advocacy, and grants and philanthropy. These areas, centered around providing specalized CMVD care and treatment have allowed for substantial growth.

Results

From October 2020‐December 2023, TCH‐WHC saw a total of 3219 patients, 42% of which were apart of the CMVD program. Since establishment, patient volume has consistently increased year over year.

Conclusion

The CMVD program at TCH‐WHC is one of the fastest growing in the U. S. and is nationally recognized for specialized clinical care, diagnostics, and research. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the TCH‐WHC structure that allows for the establishment and growth of a CMVD program and to outline core activities supporting the TCH‐WHC approach.
Breaking Activity‐Durability Inverse Relationship via Electrode Engineering by Utilizing β‐MnO2/RuO2 Heterostructures for Efficient Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Bishwanathan Shashwat , Oberoi Simran Kaur , Gupta Prashant Kumar
Published: November 2024

Significant efforts are underway to enhance the efficiency of water electrolysis for sustainable hydrogen production. Approaches that were explored are the design of an efficient anode, engineering of electrolytes, and application of diffusion protective layer over the catalyst to protect it from corrosive reactions. Here we are exploring the engineering of electrode fabrication to enhance the efficacy of anode catalysts by ensuring that the materials are carefully selected. β‐MnO2 has been used to develop a cost‐effective method for electrode fabrication that establish a Schottky junction at heterostructure interface. This method transforms commercial RuO2, which is considered to be less active and stable, highly selective for chlorine oxidative reactions, into a highly active, stable, and OER‐selective in alkaline medium and surrogate seawater. With the help of thorough electrochemical techniques, we found that this engineering significantly improves the effective electrochemical surface area, and higher kinetics and conversion per unit site, profoundly affecting the charge transfer mechanism and optimizing the adsorption of OER intermediates, resulting in much‐increased mass activity. It is observed that the selectivity of the OER was enhanced due to the Lewis acid repercussions of β‐MnO2.
Strategies for improving the performance of practical Li‐CO2 battery
Authors: Zhu Kaige , Yin Shuai , Zhai Feiyue , Yan Dezhi , Tang Diyin , Xing Yalan , Zhang Shichao
Published: November 2024

The Li‐CO2 battery represented an enticing energy storage/output system characterized by its high‐specific energy capacity and simultaneously achieving CO2 fixation and conversion, which held significant promise in mitigating global warming and advancing toward carbon neutrality. Nonetheless, the current Li‐CO2 battery's practical capacity and energy efficiency lagged behind traditional lithium‐ion battery considerably, posing great challenges for practical applications and commercialization. This review comprehensively summarized recent advancements and prospective strategies aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of practical Li‐CO2 battery, encompassing insights into the cycling reaction mechanisms, anode electrode protection, key interface optimization, electrolyte design, and cathode catalyst innovations. Furthermore, insights into the prospects and key obstacles that lay ahead in advancing the Li‐CO2 battery toward practical applications were provided.
Traffic Prevention and Security Enhancement in VANET Using Deep Learning With Trusted Routing Aided Blockchain Technology
Authors: Swamynathan Cloudin , Shanmugam Revathy , Mohan Kumar Kanagasabapathy Pradeep , Subbiyan Balasubramani
Published: November 2024

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) in portable broadband networks are a revolutionary concept with enormous potential for developing safe and efficient transportation systems. Because VANETs are open networks that require regular information sharing, it might be difficult to ensure the security of data delivered through VANETs as well as driver privacy. This paper proposes a blockchain technology that supports trusted routing and deep learning for traffic prevention and security enhancement in VANETs. Initially, the proposed Feature Attention‐based Extended Convolutional Capsule Network (FA_ECCN) model predicts the driver's behaviors such as normal, drowsy, distracted, fatigued, aggressive, and impaired. Next, the Binary Fire Hawks‐based Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (BFH_OLSRP) is used to route traffic after trust values have been assessed. Furthermore, Binary Fire Hawks Optimization (BFHO) determines the best routing path based on criteria such as link stability and node stability degree. Finally, blockchain storage is supported by the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) technology to improve the security of VANET data. Additionally, the validation process is established by using Delegated Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (DPBFT). As a result, the proposed study employs the blockchain system to securely send data to neighboring vehicles via trust‐based routing, thereby accurately predicting the driver's behavior. The proposed method achieves a better outcome in terms of latency, packet delivery ratio (PDR), overhead packets, throughputs, end‐to‐end delay, transmission overhead, and computational cost. According to simulation results and efficiency evaluation, the proposed approach outperforms existing approaches and enhances vehicle communication security in an effective manner.
Exploring the Relationship Between Dietary Phytochemical Index and Chemotherapy‐Related Symptoms: Insights From a Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Yüksel Barış , Dumlu Bilgin Gözde , Kavsara Hasan Kaan
Published: November 2024

Phytochemicals may confer substantial benefits in alleviating chemotherapy‐related symptoms. This cross‐sectional study aimed to determine the role of dietary phytochemicals on treatment‐related symptoms in patients receiving chemotherapy. Data including demographic variables, anthropometric measures such as weight and height, 3‐day food record, and Nightingale Symptom Assessment Scale (N‐SAS), a composite measure of patients' chemotherapy‐related symptoms, were gathered via face‐to‐face interviews. The dietary phytochemical index (DPI) was computed based on the patient's food records and presented by dividing into quartiles. The study included 152 participants with a mean age of 59.59 ± 13.19 years. The mean N‐SAS score was 2.16 ± 0.80. The average DPI score for the entire group was 24.66 ± 6.55, significantly higher in women (26.61 ± 6.06) than men (23.05 ± 6.54) (p = 0.001). As the DPI quartile values increased, there was a statistically significant decrease in N‐SAS scores (p = 0.002). A significantly negative correlation was found between the N‐SAS score and DPI, as well as all cancers (r = −0.364; p < 0.001). Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between the N‐SAS score and specific cancer types, comprising lung cancer (r = −0.513; p = 0.005), breast cancer (r = −0.612; p < 0.001), and gastrointestinal system (GIS) cancer (r = −0.329; p = 0.033). Increasing dietary phytochemicals in chemotherapy patients may help manage treatment‐related symptoms. Phytochemicals may confer substantial benefits in alleviating chemotherapy‐related symptoms. This cross‐sectional study aimed to determine the role of dietary phytochemicals on cancer‐related symptoms in patients receiving chemotherapy. A significantly negative correlation was found between N‐SAS score and DPI and all cancers (r = −0.364; p < 0.001) and different cancer types such as lung (r = −0.513; p = 0.005), breast (r = −0.612; p < 0.001), and GIS (r = −0.329; p = 0.033). As a result, increasing dietary phytochemicals in chemotherapy patients may help manage treatment‐related symptoms.
Recovery, Bioactivity, and Utilization of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds in Citrus Peel
Authors: Durmus Nihal , Gulsunoglu‐Konuskan Zehra , Kilic‐Akyilmaz Meral
Published: November 2024

Citrus peels are rich in bioactive phenolic compounds with various health effects including antioxidant, antiobesity, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive, antihypercholesterolemic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticarcinogenic activities. Both extractable and nonextractable phenolics are present in significant amounts in Citrus peel with diverse bioactivities. While extractable phenolics can be recovered from the fruit peels by conventional extraction methods, nonextractable phenolics remaining in the residues must be released from the cell matrix first by hydrolysis with acid, alkali, or enzymes. Novel processing technologies can help in improvement of extraction efficiency. Extreme process or medium conditions degrade phenolics and their bioactivity where encapsulation can be applied to improve their stability, solubility, and bioactivity. Citrus peel powder including ascorbic acid and dietary fiber besides phenolics or extracts therefrom can be used as functional food ingredients to extend shelf life and provide health benefits. In addition, phenolic extracts can be used as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in active food packaging applications. Phenolic extracts have also a potential to be used as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. In this review, phenolic compounds in different forms in Citrus peels, their recovery, bioactivity and possible applications for upcycling in the industry are presented.
Anatomy and Histology of Sensorimotor Connections Between the Facial and Trigeminal Nerve in the Buccinator Muscle
Authors: Mohanty Ahneesh J. , van Rooij Joep A. F. , Miseré Renée M. L. , Lataster Arno , Rozen Shai M. , van der Hulst René R. W. J. , Tuinder Stefania M. H.
Published: November 2024

Background

Despite indications of a close interaction between the trigeminal (CN V) and facial nerve (CN VII) within the buccinator muscle, a combination of anatomical dissection and histological analysis has not been reported.

Methods

Five formalin‐fixed and fresh‐frozen hemifaces were dissected to reveal the buccal fat pad, the buccinator muscle, and anastomotic connections between CN V and CN VII within it. Samples were taken for histological processing and immunostaining.

Results

Branches of CN V and CN VII formed pronounced sensorimotor anastomotic connections in and surrounding the buccinator muscle. These findings were histologically evident with close intramuscular coupling of sensory and motor fibers. There was an evident but gradual shift from motor to sensory fibers in the interconnections when analyzing them from the side of CN V toward the side of CN VII and vice versa.

Conclusions

These results further elucidate connections between CN V and CN VII and their possible role in proprioception of the facial muscles.
Quandaries of Trying to Do Good—The Adequacy of the WHO FENSA Regulations
Authors: Benzian Habib , Beltrán‐Aguilar Eugenio , Niederman Richard , Caplan Arthur
Published: November 2024

The World Health Organization's (WHO) Framework of Engagement with Non‐State Actors (FENSA), established in 2016, is designed to enhance transparency, impartiality, and conflict‐of‐interest safeguards by setting rigorous guidelines for WHO's interactions with private entities, particularly those in high‐risk industries such as tobacco, alcohol, and arms. This paper briefly reviews the implementation and impact of FENSA, observing that, despite these safeguards, its application in academic contexts poses specific challenges. Universities, often reliant on diverse funding sources, may find the rules restrictive and misaligned with independent funding needs. The creation of the WHO Foundation in 2020 further complicates this landscape by enabling engagements with previously restricted private sector entities through an “arm's length” model. The authors advocate for a reassessment of FENSA to resolve inconsistencies and support essential academic collaborations, while upholding WHO's commitment to ethical standards.
The Influence of Sanctions on Corporate Reporting Behaviour: International Evidence
Authors: Abweny Mohammad , Ahmed Rizwan , Benjasak Chonlakan , Nguyen Dung T. K.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of sanctions on corporate reporting behaviour, encompassing both financial and sustainability reporting. Utilising comprehensive data from the Global Sanctions Database (GSDB), the study reveals an asymmetrical effect of sanctions on corporate reporting behaviours. Specifically, our findings reveal a negative relationship between sanctions and earnings management, suggesting a more conservative and transparent approach to financial reporting during sanction periods. However, the relationship between sanctions and the quality of sustainability reporting is significantly negative, indicating a decline in sustainability reporting quality during times of sanctions. Furthermore, the study provides evidence that EU sanctions have a stronger influence on both types of reporting compared to US sanctions. The results also break down the effects of each type of sanction on corporate reporting, indicating that financial and trade sanctions have a significant impact, while military and other types of sanctions do not show a significant effect. Drawing from signalling theory, corporate reports serve to signal stakeholders about a firm's behaviour and alleviate the information asymmetry between managers and other stakeholders. Consequently, our study contributes to signalling theory by illustrating that distinct signals are conveyed through different reports during uncertain periods, such as sanctions.
Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Potential of Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon (ta‐C) Coatings on CoCrMo Alloy for Articulating Implant Surfaces
Authors: Fabisch Patrick , Voropai Vadym , Nieher Maren , Buchholz Adrian , Weissmantel Steffen , Lohmann Christoph H. , Bertrand Jessica , Döring Joachim
Published: November 2024

Premature implant failure, a critical concern in biomedical applications, is often attributed to poor biocompatibility and vulnerability to bacterial colonization. These issues are addressed by creating an endoprosthetic material with natural biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. In this in vitro study, the relaxed and unrelaxed tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta‐C) coatings were examined, both fabricated by the improved patented Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technology. The chemical composition, surface roughness, hardness, topography, and wettability were analyzed. The ta‐C surfaces were incubated by MM6 cells, E. coli and S. capitis bacteria for 24 h. PCR assessed the inflammatory response in MM6 cells, while fluorescence microscopy quantified adhering bacteria, and scanning electron microscopy examined local adhesion behavior. The results demonstrate comparable carbon phase composition, wettability properties, and hardness for both relaxed and unrelaxed ta‐C. However, relaxed ta‐C coating exhibited significantly fewer defects in terms of both quantity and quality, along with an antibacterial effect against E. coli. This suggests that the relaxed ta‐C coating could contribute to the development of an endoprosthesis, preventing adverse biological reactions and implant‐related infections, thus improving the longevity of the prosthesis.
Elastomeric and Conductive Nerve Conduits From Poly(Glycerol‐Sebacate)/Carbon Nanofibers (PGS/CNFs)
Authors: Topuz Bengisu , Gokcen Dincer , Aydin Halil Murat
Published: November 2024

Many patients suffer from peripheral nerve injury, which can impair their quality of life. Restoring nerve tissue is difficult due to the low ability of nerves to regenerate. Nerve conduits are designed to help peripheral nerve regeneration by providing a scaffold that can match the tissue characteristics, facilitate cellular activities, and be easily implanted. In order to provide a nerve conduit having scaffolding properties, conductance cytocompatibility, we have investigated the potential of channeled structures made of poly (glycerol‐sebacate) (PGS) elastomer containing carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in the regeneration of nerve tissue. The first step was to synthesize PGS elastomer and tune its properties to match the nerve tissue. Then, a carbon dioxide laser was used to create micro channels on the elastomer surface for guiding nerve cells. The PGS elastomer was blended with carbon nanofiber (CNF), which was functionalized to bond with the elastomer, to form a conductive structure. The constructs were investigated in terms of cell behavior using PC12 and S42 cell lines. A statistically significant increase in cell proliferation was observed in both cell lines. It was found that the cells began to grow along the canal in places. In terms of elasticity, conductance and cell response, these constructs may be a potential candidate for nerve tissue engineering.
The LTAR Integrated Common Experiment at Southern Plains
Authors: Fortuna Ann‐Marie , Northup Brian , Starks Patrick J. , Moriasi Daniel N. , Steiner Jean L. , Wagle Pradeep , Zhang Xunchang (John) , Flanagan Paul , Busteed Phillip , Teet Stephen , Witt Travis W. , Hunt Sherry , Moffet Corey , Cibils Andres , Gunter Stacey A.
Published: November 2024

The Southern Plains (SP) is one of 18 Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research network sites that combine strategic research projects with common measurements across multiple agroecosystems. Projects at the SP site focus on the use of indicator measurements to aid in assessment of land and nutrient management's impact on soil health, water quality, carbon and water balances, and forage biomass‐quality in diversified, adaptive crop‐livestock systems designed to overcome shifts in natural resources and climate. The prevailing treatment is tilled winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that is grazed, hayed, harvested for grain, or grazed and harvested for grain. The alternative treatment is year‐round annual cover crop forage mixes for cattle (Bos taurus) production planted in fall and spring under conservation tillage management. The area is subject to variable weather and climatic shifts that reduce the potential to diversify forage crops and limit grazing in southern tall grass prairies and small grain systems. Incorporation of fertilized, rain‐fed, annual cool and warm season mixtures of cover crops could fill forage gaps. The presence of year‐round ground cover reduces sediment and nutrient loading to surface waters while enhancing soil health and water holding capacity. Tools to aid agricultural producers and land and water resource managers have been developed and implemented to determine how climate, topography, and varying conservation management practices alter hydrological structures, greenhouse gas emissions, water usage, and soil resources.