bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Action of Ultrasound Therapy in Altering Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity of Ulnar Nerve
Authors: Suganthirababu Prathap , Alagesan Jagatheesan , Prathap Lavanya , Manikumar M. , Kumaresan A. , Banu Naseema
Published: June 2019

Ultrasound therapy is one of the commonest and most popular modality used for tissue healing, pain reduction, tissue extensibility and in inflammation by physiotherapists all around the globe. Various sensitivity tests on peripheral nerves are done with ultrasound therapy, yet conclusions are still skeptical, which makes it inconclusive in progressing the modality further into management of nerve disorders. This study aimed to analyze efficiency of therapeutic ultrasound in influencing ulnar nerve conduction velocity. To Analyze the effect of ultrasound therapy in altering motor nerve conduction velocity of ulnar nerve with two therapeutic frequencies. 40 healthy individuals were included according to the selection criteria and they were explained about safety and simplicity of procedure and informed consent was obtained. All the participants were randomly assigned into two groups as 20 in each group. Group-A was given ultrasound therapy at specific site of elbow to target the ulnar nerve with 1MHz frequency and Group–B followed the same procedure with 3MHz frequency. Pre and Post to ultrasound therapy application Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity (MNCV) of ulnar nerve were recorded for both the groups. The posttest mean of MNCV for forearm segment and arm segment for Group A and Group B showed statistically significant difference (P Value <0.001).The analysis done by the statistical data also revealed that the MNCV at forearm segment showed an increase in velocity compared to its pretest values, whereas the post MNCV values at arm component showed a decrease in velocity when compared to its pretest values. Among comparison the data within the groups it is evident that group A with 1 MHz of ultrasound sonification is more capable of altering the MNCV values in comparison with the 3MHz. frequency. Findings of this study conclude that ultrasound therapy can be used effectively in altering conduction velocity of a nerve and it has a potential ability to facilitate or inhibit a nerve physiological function.
A Comparative Mircoleakage Assessment in Root Canals Obturated by Three Obturation Techniques using Fluid Filtration System
Authors: Lokhande Pravin R. , Balaguru S. , Dayalan Deena
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was to assess the micro leakage in three root canal obturation techniques viz. Warm vertical condensation, Cold lateral condensation and Thermafil using fluid filtration system. In this study the fluid filtration method is fabricated and used to assess the micro leakage in gutta-percha material obturated using three obturation techniques viz. Warm vertical condensation, Cold lateral condensation and Thermafil. The assessment system which can quantify the micro leakage present into the obturated root canal cavity is today's vital need to improve the further progress in endodontics and conservative dentistry. 45 No's of samples were taken for study and categorized into three, Category I: 15 No's of samples obturated using warm vertical condensation, Category II: 15 No's of samples obturated using cold lateral condensation and Category III: 15 No's of samples obturated using Thermafil. All obturated samples were tested using the fluid filtration system. The DSLR 1200D Canon and Auto CAD by Auto Desk were used to record the bubble displacement in the micropipette. The micro leakage reading are shown in Table 2 and tabulated values showed that Category II: 15 No's of samples obturated using cold lateral condensation, showed highest micro leakage value highest micro leakage followed by Category III: 15 No's of samples obturated using Thermafil and Category I: 15 No's of samples obturated using warm vertical condensation. Category III shown moderate leakage value. The study indicated that micro leakage evaluation using the fabricated fluid filtration system is most reliable quantitative method. On the basis of comparison of micro leakage assessment of three obturation techniques it is found that warm vertical condensed sample having least leakage over the Thermafil and Cold lateral condensation. The reason for micro leakage is shrinkage of gutta-percha during solidification to cause gap in between obturation material and canal wall which can be avoided by providing shrinkage allowance.
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and ampicillin Class C beta lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from food animals: A review
Authors: Bitrus Asinamai Athliamai , Mshelia Peter Anjili , Kwoji Iliya Dauda , Goni Mohammed Dauda , Jajere Saleh Mohammed
Published: June 2019

Antimicrobial resistance has gained global notoriety due to its public health concern, the emergence of multiple drug-resistant bacteria, and lack of new antimicrobials. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)/ampicillin Class C (AmpC)- producing Escherichia coli and other zoonotic pathogens can be transmitted to humans from animals either through the food chain, direct contact or contamination of shared environments. There is a surge in the rate of resistance to medically important antibiotics such as carbapenem, ESBL, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones among bacteria of zoonotic importance. Factors that may facilitate the occurrence, persistence and dissemination of ESBL/AmpC-Producing E. coli in humans and animal includes; 1). o ral administration of antimicrobials to humans primarily (by physician and health care providers) and secondarily to animals, 2). importation of parent stock and day-old chickens, 3). farm management practice and lack of water acidification in poultry, 4). contamination of feed, water and environment, 5). contamination of plants with feces of animals. Understanding these key factors will help reduce the level of resistance, thereby boosting the therapeutic effectiveness of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of animal and human infections. This review highlights the occurrence, risk factors, and public health importance of ESBL/AmpC-beta-lactamase producing E. coli isolated from livestock.
Synthesis, Spectral, Structural and Thermal Characterization of Inorganic Crystal: Phenyl Trimethylammonium Tetrachlorocobaltate
Authors: Mohanraj V. , Pavithra R. , Thenmozhi M. , Umarani R.
Published: June 2019

Phenyl trimethylammonium tetrachlorocobaltate, crystals were grown by slow evaporation technique. The crystal was bright, transparent. The three dimensional structure of the phenyl trimethylammonium tetrachlorocobaltate was obtained from single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The molecule belongs to monoclinic crystal system with C2/c space group. The presence of functional groups and modes of vibrations were identified by FT-IR spectroscopy. 1H NMR spectroscopy was also used to characterise the compound and the thermal stability of the crystal was established by TGA/DT analysis. This work undergoes phase transition which makes the study interesting.
Experimental and DFT Study of Reaction Mechanisms in Removal of H2S in Ferrites
Authors: Aquino-Torres E. , Prieto-García F. , Prieto-Méndez J. , Acevedo-Sandoval O.A. , Canales-Flores R.A.
Published: June 2019

The objectives of this work were to synthesize and characterize manganese ferrites via hydrochemistry under optimized conditions to evaluate the adsorption capacity and removal of H2S; calculation of the structural and electronic parameters involved in the process of adsorption between H2S and Fe3O4 surfaces as majority phase ferrites in manganese and discern the process of physisorption or chemisorption. Relating experimental and theoretical on the mechanism of adsorption data allow us to conclude the interaction of H2S with Fe3O4 and ferrites of manganese. The XRD patterns showed the majority of ferrites obtained magnetite phase. The adsorption capacity of H2S on Mn ferrites indicate that the adsorption depends on the amount of iron and temperature. The XRD patterns after adsorption of H2S show two corresponding to crystalline phases Fe3O4 and FeS2 orthorhombic. Estimates of the volume of magnetite surfaces and adsorption of H2S with Fe3O4 (111) with CRYSTAL09 code using the PBE0 functional and the data bases were performed using a modification of an iron base that improves the results of volume and surface adsorption H2S on Fe3O4 (111) in FeO-Fet termination. BSSE results in the calculation of the energy of adsorption of H2S were bridged site -17.50 kcal/mol base using Fe(III), -12.51 kcal/mol using the Fe(III) and Fe(II) bases simultaneously and -4.99 kcal/mol with the modified base. The energy of chemisorption process on octahedral iron was -48.42 kcal/mol, where the rupture of the -SH bond in the molecule and the formation of H2S and O-H bond occurs at the surface. The experimental and theoretical evidence suggests that the adsorption capacity of the ferrites is limited to 50 %, as is the majority magnetite phase and it has two ends Feo-Fet and Fet-O energetically favoured. However, the former is reacted with hydrogen sulfide.
trans Effect of Amino-Chloro-Platinum Complexes and the Reaction of Cisplatin with Guanine: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Makhyoun Mohamed A. , Massoud Raghdaa A.
Published: June 2019

The reactions of cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl-cytosine] to form cis and trans dichloro products have been investigated theoretically by the aid of DFT method at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level. It has been demonstrated by the estimation of activation energies the labile nature of the NH3 in the trans position. Investigation of the reaction between guanine and cis-platin was also performed. The transition states of the first two reactions were found by involving a restrained optimization of the reactant complexes and the product complexes.
Adsorption Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Effect of ortho-Substitution to Benzoic Acid in Aqueous Phase Using Granular Activated Carbon
Authors: George Roy
Published: June 2019

Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics studies of effect of ortho-substituted benzoic acid in aqueous phase using granular activated carbon were investigated. The granular activated carbon (GAC) obtained from bituminous type coal having a surface area of 998 m2/g and loosely bounded and open pores morphology. The adorbates selected for this study was benzoic acid and its ortho-derivatives namely; salicylic acid, phthalic acid and o-toluic acid. The solubility of adsorbate in solvent affected the adsorption behaviour more pronouncly. The order of adsorption for adsorbates was found to be as: benzoic acid > salicylic acid > o-toluic acid > phthalic acid.
Preparation and Characterization of Polyethylene Glycol Coating Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Curcumin Delivery
Authors: Thanh Thuy Nguyen Thi , Anh Le Duc , Tri Nguyen Huu , Hoang Cu Van , Nhut Nguyen Anh
Published: June 2019

The PEG-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs-PEG) was synthesized by coprecipitation and ultrasonication method. X-ray diffraction results exhibited that the average size of Fe3O4 NPs-PEG was 19.10 nm, which was further confirmed in TEM imaging. In addition, sonication time and curcumin concentration were studied to evaluate the efficiency of loading curcumin onto Fe3O4 NPs-PEG. Further, statistical optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) has shown curcumin concentration (0,01% w/v) and sonication time (21 min) for maximal curcumin loading (0.37 mg/g). Along with the magnetization studies, the immobilization of curcumin onto the Fe3O4 NPs-PEG was characterized by UV, FTIR and SEM. The results showed that the curcumin loaded PEG coated iron oxide nanoparticles could potentially be used for magnetically target drug delivery.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Microwave-Assisted Transesterification of Papaya Oil
Authors: Nayak Milap G. , Vyas Amish P.
Published: June 2019

Microwave-assisted transesterification due to drastic reduction in reaction time when compared with conventional method gain the research attention. Pesent study explores the kinetic and thermodynamic study of microwave-assisted transesterification of non-edible papaya oil. The experiments were performed using pre-optimized process parameters having 9:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, 1 wt. % NaOH catalyst. The experiments carried out in commercial microwave reactor with infrared temperature controller. Kinetic study of microwave-assisted palm oil methyl ester (POME) conversion was carried out by varying temperature from 50 to 65 ºC with an increment of 5 ºC. Kinetic study revealed that microwave-assisted homogeneous alkali-catalyzed transesterification follows first order having lower activation energy 27.86 KJ mol-1. Also, higher frequency factor 14764 min-1 and rate constant 0.6703 min-1 at 60 ºC revealed the non-thermal and thermal effect of the microwave. Other thermodynamic properties such as ΔG, ΔH and ΔS were found out to be 94.48 KJ/mol, 24.87 KJ/mol and -0.209 KJ/mol K, respectively, which show that reaction is non-spontaneous, endothermic and endergonic in nature.
Adsorption of Acid Blue 113 using Nanocarbon Spheres and its Kinetic and Isotherm Studies
Authors: Priya V. , Krishna S.K. , Sivakumar V. , Sivakumar P.
Published: June 2019

Nanocarbon spheres were prepared from the stems of Alternanthera sessilis. Their characterization studies were performed and the application of nanocarbon spheres for the adsorption of acid blue 113 from the aqueous solution was studied. Effect of pH of effluent, effect of initial acid blue 113 concentration and the effect of solution temperature were analyzed. Pseudo-first order model, pseudo-second order model, Elovich model, Intra-particle diffusion model, Langmuir model, Freundlich model and thermodynamic parameters were used to evaluate the percentage and the amount of acid blue 113 dye removed. The kinetics follows multi-order and Langmuir type of isotherm. The ΔG, ΔH and ΔS parameters which relate to sorption energy were also evaluated. The outcome of the study indicates that nanocarbon sphere is a potential material for the sorption of acid blue 113 with good efficiency.
Chemical Profile and Biological Activities of Essential Oil from Flowers of Artemisia dubia Wall. ex Bess. Growing Wild in Western Himalaya, India
Authors: Shameem Shameem Ahmad , Khan Khaliquz Zaman , Waza Ajaz Ahmad , Banday Abid Hussain , Ramzan Asiya , Shah Abdul Hasseb , Ganai Bashir Ahmad
Published: June 2019

The flowers of Artemisia dubia wall ex Bess., on hydrodistillation provided a refreshing violet-blue viscous essential oil with sweet woody odour. The oil was found to be a complex mixture of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and their esters. A total of 67 chemical constituents comprising 79.43 % of the oil were characterized with the help of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Major chemical constituents of the oil were characterized as nerylisovalerate (9.79 %), 1,8-cineole (8.32 %), neryl-2-methyl-butanoate (7.32 %), chamazulene (5.92 %), linalool (4.15 %), camphor (4.10 %), germacrene D (4.04 %), nerol (3.37 %), linalyl propionate (3.32 %). The investigations performed on the flower essential oil of A. dubia allowed the distinction of this plant growing in the temperate Kashmir region of western Himalayas from the same plant with different varieties growing in different parts of the world. The essential oil was evaluated for its antifungal activity against Candida species and was found to be active against the tested strains with more sensitivity against C. paropsilosis and C. krusei strains. The antioxidant activity evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay evidenced that the essential oil has moderate antioxidant activity. The antiproliferative ability of the oil was evaluated by MTT assay against the two cell lines A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells) and HCT-116 (human colon cancer cells). The essential oil effectively inhibits the growth of A549 and HCT-116 cancer cells at 62.5 and 31.25 μg/mL concentration, respectively.
Poly(ethylene glycol) Supported Metal Nitrates as Well-Organized Reagents for Hunsdiecker Conversion of α,β-Unsaturated Acids to β-Nitrostyrenes under Solvent and Acid-Free Conditions
Authors: Ramesh K. , Shylaja S. , Ramgopal S. , Rao A. Sambashiva , Rajanna K.C.
Published: June 2019

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) supported metal nitrates such as ferric nitrate and manganese nitrate were accomplished as well-organized reagents for Hunsdiecker conversion of α,β-unsaturated acids to β-nitrostyrenes under acid-free and solvent free conditions using grind-stone technique. However, in the case of unsaturated aliphatic acids, nitro alkene derivatives were obtained as products. PEG-400 was found the best among the other PEGs (PEG-200,300, 400, 600, 3000 and 6000) used in this protocol.
Structure, Vibrations, Molecular Orbitals, Reactivity Properties of 3-Trifluoromethylphenylchloroformate by FT-IR, FT-Raman, FT-NMR and DFT Studies
Authors: Arjunan V. , Senthilkumari S. , Mohan S.
Published: June 2019

The geometry of 3-trifluoromethylphenylchloroformate (FMPCF) was optimized with B3LYP method using 6–311++G** and cc–pVTZ basis sets. The molecular structural parameters and thermodynamic properties of the compound have been determined. The vibrational frequencies of the fundamental modes of the compound have been precisely assigned, analyzed and the theoretical results were compared with the experimental data. The energies of important molecular orbitals of the compound are also evaluated from DFT method. The Frontier orbital energy gap (ELUMO–EHOMO) is found to be 6.2143 eV. The extreme limits of the electrostatic potential is +8.301e × 10–3 to –8.301e × 10–3 while the total electron density spreads between +3.835e × 10–2 to –3.835e × 10–2. 1H NMR and 13C NMR chemical shifts are measured and compared with their gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) calculated values. The n(O7) →π*(C13–O14) and π(C1–C6) →π*(C2–C3) transitions are best stablized with 48.40 and 21.03 kcal mol–1, respectively. In 3-trifluoromethylphenylchloroformate, the atoms C13 is favourable for electrophilic attack. The atoms C2 and C8 are more favourable for nucleophilic attack. The dual descriptors (Δfk, Δsk and Δωk) revealed that the order of nucleophilic attack is C1 > C4 > C2 > C8 > C5. Thus, the present investigation provides complete structure, vibrations and reactivity characteristics of the compound.
Structure Activity Relationship, Drug Likeness and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Some Mannich Bases of Dihydropyrimidinones
Authors: Mamidala Ravinder , S. Bhimathati Solomon Raj , Vema Aparna
Published: June 2019

A series of 21 O- and N-Mannich bases of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones (2a-j and 3a-k) were synthesized by using microwave irradiation technique by multi-component reaction in two steps. All the compounds were evaluated for their free radical scavenging activity by four methods. Structure activity relationship studies revealed that the compounds 2h, 2g, 3h and 3g exhibited profound antioxidant properties compared to standard ascorbic acid. Among O- and N-Mannich bases, N-Mannich bases were found to be more potent in scavenging free radicals. The correlation between structure and activities of these compounds with concern to drug likeliness profile and other physico-chemical parameters are portrayed and verified experimentally.
Isotherms, Kinetics and Break through Curve for Sorptive Removal of Chromium from Wastewater by Activated Sludge
Authors: Kulkarni Sunil
Published: June 2019

In the present investigations, activated sludge is used for removal of chromium in batch and continuous mode. It was observed that the sorption process followed Langmuir isotherm better than Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.95). The Freudlich model with R2 value above 0.9 suggests that the sorptive removal may involve physical and chemical adsorption with some multilayer sorption. Chromium uptake followed second order kinetics. The maximum adsorption capacity qe was observed to be 208.33 mg/g. The breakeven time and exhaustion time were determined for continuous operation. The non-availability of adsorbate at low flow rates play important role in delaying the break point time. Sludge age and initial concentration also affect the removal of chromium. The data follows the Thomas model with R2 value more than 0.9.
Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Capacity of the Leaves of Aloe greatheadii var. davyana from Four South African Provinces
Authors: Gololo Sechene S. , Nthai Denga , Mogale Motetelo A.
Published: June 2019

The current study was aimed at the determination of the phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacity of the leaves of A. greatheadii from four provinces of South Africa. The leaves samples of A. greatheadii were collected at four different locations in South Africa; namely, Limpopo province (Polokwane), Gauteng province (Ga-Rankuwa), Mpumalanga province (Siyabuswa) and North-West province (Brits) during the summer season of the year. The ground samples were then extracted in a serial sequential procedure with different organic solvents using cold maceration extraction method. The extracts were then subjected to quantitative phytochemical analysis for the determination of total phenolic, total tannin, total flavonoid and total saponin content. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of the methanol extracts were evaluated through the DPPH assay. Quantitative phytochemical analysis showed variation in the total phenolic, total tannin, total flavonoid and total saponin contents of the samples from different locations, with specific phytochemicals found in higher amounts at different locations. However, upon calculation of the total phytochemical content the high amount was recorded with the Limpopo province sample. Variation in the antioxidant capacity (EC50 based) of the samples from different locations was demonstrated, with the Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces’ samples showing high capacity. The results demonstrated that the variation in geographical locations has an effect on the phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacity of the leaves of A. greatheadii. Furthermore, the Limpopo province area with a high altitude appeared to be providing suitable growing conditions for high accumulation of phytochemicals and higher antioxidant capacity.
Antibacterial Activity of a New Flavone Glycoside from the Stems of Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz.
Authors: Yadava R.N. , Raghuvansi Jyotsna
Published: June 2019

A new flavone glycoside was isolated from ethanolic extract of stem parts of Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz. Its structure was characterized as 3,4′-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone-3-O-β-Dgalactopyranosyl(1→4)-O-β-D-arabinopyranosyl-4′-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1) by colour reactions, chemical degradation and spectroscopic analysis. Antibacterial activity of compound 1 was evaluated against various Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria showing a significant effects.
Optical, Structural and Gas Sensing Studies on Tin Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Chawla Swati
Published: June 2019

In this paper, pure and copper doped tin oxide thin films were grown on glass substrates by thermal evaporation technique for gas sensing applications. Optical, structural and gas sensing properties were investigated for their application for gas sensing applications. The thickness of the samples was kept about 300 nm. The films were annealed at 400 ºC for 4 h in the presence of air. The gas sensing studies were carried out for hydrogen sulphide and ethanol gas. The sensitivity was quite high for hydrogen sulphide gas but little sensitivity towards hydrocarbon gases.
FTIR Spectra of N,N,N',N'-Tetraoctyl Diglycolamide Complex in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Rama R.
Published: June 2019

The interaction of an octyl derivative of diglycolamide extractant complex in three different types of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) was studied by ATR-FTIR spectroscopic method. The shift in stretching vibrational frequencies for the functional groups (C=O and C-O) in the nitrate ion-extractant complexes and metal ion-extractant complexes in room temperature ionic liquids namely, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C4mim][NTf2], 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C4mpyr][NTf2]) and 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C4mpip][NTf2]) was compared. These results were also compared with that obtained for molecular diluent system, n-dodecane.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antifungal Studies of Adducts of p- Ethylphenyldithiocarbonates of Copper(II)
Authors: Sharma Shivangi , Sachar Renu , Bajju G.D. , Sharma Vikas
Published: June 2019

A series of adducts of p-ethylphenyldithiocarbonates of copper(II) [(p-C2H5C6H4OCS2)2Cu] with ethyl pyridines and chloro pyridines have been synthesized in 1:2 molar ratio. They were characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility and molar conductance measurements, infrared, electronic, electron spin resonance and mass spectroscopy, NMR and thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, antifungal studies of these adducts were also performed. The results revealed that the adducts have 1:2 stoichiometry, non-electrolytic and paramagnetic at room temperature. On the basis of spectral studies, a distorted octahedral geometry is proposed around copper(II) ion. ESR studies depicted elongated axial symmetry of Cu(II)adducts with nitrogen donors. Moreover, the adducts also showed potential antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporium.
Potential of Ti2O3/Zn Electrodes versus Zn by Electrocoagulation Process for Disperse Dye Removal
Authors: Kalivel Parameswari , Palanichamy Jegathambal , Rubella Mano Magdalene
Published: June 2019

Electrocoagulation methods are being used for the alternative treatment process for the remediation of textile waste water. This work primarily deals with the treatment of textile dyeing waste water followed by the utilization of waste material. The purpose of the proposed study is to evaluate the potential of electrocoagulatison process using Ti2O3/Zn electrode prepared by spray pyrolysis using TiCl3 and compared the performance with Zn electrodes. The surface morphology, structural analysis and percentage composition of the elements of the Ti2O3/Zn electrode was studied by SEM, XRD and EDS analysis. The efficiency of electrocoagulation treatment process to treat synthetic waste water containing Coralene Navy RDRLSR, Coralene Red 3G, Rubru RD GLFI dye was studied for the effect of operational parameters. The result indicates that this process was able to achieve colour removal (97.2 %) at pH 8.5, with 34.42 % less energy consumption with Ti2O3/Zn compared with zinc electrodes.
An Overview on Biofuels and Their Advantages and Disadvantages
Authors: Datta Arup , Hossain Aslam , Roy Sanjay
Published: June 2019

Blazing of fossil energy resources generally changes the global climate. Speeding up of global temperate nowadays is an important aspect. Emission of greenhouse gases mainly from blazing of fossil energy resources is one of the most important sources. So, to carry the significant energy and to reduce air pollution, biofuels might be a substitute energy sources. The unnecessary utilization of fossil energy resources or fuels results deficient in the storage in underground earth then people naturally have to depend on biofuels. Consequently increasing demand for the manufacture of biofuels will put a huge burden on agriculture and food prices. Biofuels generally attributed as liquid fuels which are made from the biomass. This consists of mostly wood, vegetable oils, forestry products, agricultural crops, agricultural residues or municipal garbage, residues of domestic animal wastes and aquatic plants. In this review, we summarized the different types of biofuels including biodiesel and their comparative study, production and uses from an ecological perspective.
Synthesis and X-Ray Crystal Structure of 1,1'-Bis(diphenyphosphino)ferrocene Supported CuSCF3 Complex
Authors: Yang Yi , Luo Gen , Tong Xia , Shu Yu-Mei , Zheng Yu-Bing
Published: June 2019

We report herein the synthesis of CuSCF3 complex supported by 1,1'-bis(diphenyphosphino)ferrocene via deoxygenative reduction of Langlois reagent (CF3SO2Na). This cuprous complex [(dppf)Cu(SCF3)] was fully characterized by elemental analysis and 1H (13C, 19F, 31P) NMR spectra. In addition, the molecular structure of [(dppf)Cu(SCF3)] was established by X-ray crystallography. The crystal of compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 11.4366(9), b = 19.1340(16), c = 14.0625(11) Å, V = 3072.62(2) Å3, Z = 4, Z’ = 0, C35H28CuF3FeP2S, Mr = 719.00 and R-factor = 3.69. The short contacts between the two fluorine atoms of CF3S moiety and aromatic hydrogen of Cp/(Ph) rings were observed with leaving the sterically-congested fluorine untouched which highly resembled to the sibling [(PPh3)2CuSCF3]. These interesting secondary interactions in the crystal lattice were explained by the electrostatic forces in terms of the strong dipole of C-F bonds.
Manevi Bakımı Destekleyici Bir Uygulama: Müzik Terapi
Authors: KARSLI Necmi
Published: June 2019

İnsanoğlunun duygu, düşünce ve davranışlarını mucizevi bir şekilde etkileme gücüne sahip olan müzik, eski çağlardan günümüze kadar farklı coğrafya ve kültürlerde tedavi amacıyla kullanılagelmiştir. Müzik terapi ve manevi bakım hedef kitlesi ve amaçları açısından benzer özelliklere sahiptir. Bu nedenle ciddi sağlık sorunlarına sahip bireylerin maddi ve manevi tedavilerinde benzer amaçlara sahip bu uygulamaların birlikte kullanılması bütüncül bir tedaviye olanak sağlaması açısından önem arz etmektedir. Müzik terapi manevi bakım hizmetlerinde yaşlı ve hastaların, rahatlatılması, teskin ve tedavi edilmesinde çok önemli destekleyici bir uygulama olmakla birlikte, ülkemizde müzik terapinin yeterli seviyede uygulandığını söylemek mümkün değildir. Bu araştırmada müzik olgusunun tarihsel arka planı, ilahi ve dünyevi dinlerin müziğe yönelik yaklaşımları, seküler veya dini müziğin dünyadaki sağlık hizmetleri ve manevi bakım faaliyetlerindeki kullanımı ve psikolojik/bedensel sağlığa olan etkileri ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada çeşitli bedensel ve psikolojik hastalıkların tedavisinde olumlu katkılar sağladığı tespit edilmiş olan müziğin ülkemizde yeni yeni gelişmekte olan manevi bakım hizmetlerinde kullanımının önemine dair farkındalığın oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır.
التحديات التي تواجه التعليم المحاسبي في جامعات إقليم كوردستان
Authors: Mohammed Akram A. , Khzer Karzan A. , Abdullah Hariem A.
Published: June 2019

يهدف هذا البحث دراسة تقييم الواقع الحالي للتعليم المحاسبي في أقليم كوردستان لكي تخدم أهداف التنمية الاقتصادية في الاقليم. والخطوة الأولى التي يجب اتخاذها تكمن في تحديد والتعَرف على التحديات التي تواجه التقدم والتطور المحاسبي في كوردستان وسبل مواجهتها. وفي بداية، تم تحديد التحديات المهمة التي تواجه التعليم المحاسبي والتي قد صنفت إلى عدة أقسام رئيسية المتمثلة بالتحديات السائدة في المناهج الدراسية للمحاسبة، والتحديات الادارية والاقتصادية وكذلك التحديات التي تواجه الهيئة التدريسيية لاقسام المحاسبة في الجامعات، والتحديات التي تواجه النظام المحاسبي من قلة المصادر والكتب العلمية المحاسبية. وأخيرا ضعف الترابط بين متطلبات سوق العمل وبرامج التعليم المحاسبي المطبقة حاليا في ظل استخدام تكنولوجيا المعلومات في المجال المحاسبي. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم إتباع المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وتم استخدام قائمة الاستبيان ومن ثم تحليلها. وأهم النتائج التي توصلت اليها الدراسة أن التحديات مجتمعة لها تأثير عميق على التعليم المحاسبي. واوصت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات منها، تهيئة ظروف مناسبة لتوفير الكوادر العلمية وايجاد التغييرات اللازمة في المناهج الدراسية وايجاد التمويل الكافي لتوافر المصادر والكتب العلمية المتخصصة واللجوء الى ايجاد برامج تدريبية اثناء الدراسة وايجاد ارتباط ونسق بين قسم المحاسبة ومناهج المراحل الاعدادية. وايجاد الخدمات الكافية للطلاب اثناء الدراسة والسعي لايجاد علاقة بين الجامعات والنقابات المهنية المحاسبية.
Response to Individualism in Robinson Crusoe
Authors: Mohammad Ahmed A. , Karim Hawara N. , Azeez Rebin A.
Published: June 2019

In this explorative study, the response to individualism in Robinson Crusoe as a character in the novel written by Daniel Defoe is scrutinized.  Over 40 participants in English Language Department took role while they were studying the novel in their full academic year. In conformity with data collection, pre-test and post-test were administered on the students using individualism inventory. Their opinions in both tests were analyzed using quantitative measures. The focus of the study is to determine if students get any lessons of life from the novel namely, Crusoe's lonely life on the island, and how they are going to apply it in their own real lives on the one hand. On the other, whether or not their attitudes get affected by the individual and solitude life Crusoe experienced. That is, their psychological status and self-awareness about their individual life and community as collective.  The findings confirm that students of English department on Faculty of Education were psychologically changed and have more appreciation of collective which is the community and their self-awareness as individuals. This suggests that novels provide not only knowledge chiefly related to language proficiency, but also psychological, social, and intellectual in the long run.
جوانكاریی وشه‌یی له‌ شیعره‌كانی سامی عه‌وداڵدا
Authors: Fattah Rzgar U.
Published: June 2019

ئه‌م لێكۆڵینه‌وه‌ به‌ناونیشانی (جوانكاری وشه‌یی له‌ شیعره‌كانی سامی عه‌وداڵ) دا، ده‌رفه‌تێكی بایه‌خداره‌ بۆ پتر ئاشنا بوون به‌چەمك و پێناسەی (جوانكاری) و، زیاتر پێشاندان و به‌رجه‌سته‌كردنی ئاسۆو پایه‌كانی جوانكاری و كاریگه‌ری و ڕۆڵی ئه‌م بابه‌ته‌ له‌ شیعره‌كانی شاعیردا، كەتا ئه‌مڕۆ به‌پێی پێویست ئاوڕی لێ نه‌دراوه‌ته‌وه‌. بێگومان هۆكارەكانی هەڵبژاردنی ئەوبابەتە زۆرن ، بەڵام به‌ شێوه‌یه‌كی ڕاسته‌وخۆ بۆ پێگه‌و  گرینگی جوانكاری  لە داهێنانی شیعرییدا لەلایەك تواناو ڕۆڵی شاعیر لە لایەكی دیكه‌وه ده‌گه‌رێته‌وه‌. توێژینەوەكە لە پێشەكی و دوو بەشی سەرەكی پێكهاتووە. بەشی یەكەم بەشێوەیەكی گشتی تێورییەو لەسێ تەوەرە پێكهاتووە .تەوەرەی یەكەم ،بریتیە لە چەمك وپێناسەی جوانكاری. لێڕه‌دا به‌ پشت به‌ستن به‌ به‌ڵگه‌ی زانستی و  بیرو بۆچونی نوسه‌ران و ڕه‌خنه‌گران ، چه‌مك و پێناسه‌ی جوانكارییمان ده‌رخستووه‌.  ته‌وەرەی دووەم بۆ مێژوو وسه‌رهه‌ڵدانی جوانكاری لەشیعردا تەرخانكراوە، له‌ته‌وه‌ره‌ی سێیه‌میشدا جۆرو مه‌به‌سته‌كانی جوانكارییمان پێشانداوه‌. بە ڵام بەشی دووەم   تایبەتە بەجۆرەكانی جوانكاری و  بەهاو و ڕەنگدانەوەی  لە شیعرەكانی سامی عه‌وداڵدا . كە له‌ سی ته‌وه‌ر پێكهاتووە . لە تەوەرەی یەكەمداهونه‌ره‌كانی جوانكاری (ڕه‌گه‌زدۆزی و هێنانه‌وه‌ و سه‌روادار) مان لە شیعرەكانی شاعیردا،به‌شێوازیكی زانستی  خستۆتەڕوو. لەتەوەرەی دووەم دا، بایەخ و كاریگەری هونه‌ره‌كانی (كه‌رتكردن و گێڕانه‌وه‌ و پاتكردنه‌وه‌) مان شرۆڤه‌ كردووه‌. لەتەوەرەی سێیەمیشدا كاریگه‌ری و ڕه‌نگدانه‌وه‌ی هونه‌ره‌كانی جوانكاری (بوونی پێویسته‌ و تێكهه‌ڵكێش و دووسه‌روا) مان له‌ شیعره‌كانی شاعیردا به‌وردی ڕوون كردوونه‌ته‌وه‌. لەكۆتایدا ئەنجامی توێژینەوەكەو لیستی سەرچاوەكان و پوختەی توێژینەوەكەمان به‌ هه‌ردوو زمانی عه‌ربی و ئینگلیزی خستۆته‌ ڕوو.
النبيّ والرسول في فكر إخوان الصفا وخلان الوفا
Authors: Karim Abdullah M.
Published: June 2019

النبي والرسول في فكر إخوان الصفا وخلان الوفاء دراسة  كلامية ـــ، بيّنت فيه أفكار ومعتقدات إخوان الصفا من خلال رسائلهم الإثنتين وخمسين المنسوبة إليهم، فقمت بدراسة أفكارهم وحللتها تحليلاً علمياً بدون تعصب، ويتكون بحثي من مقدمة ومبحثين، والمقدمة فيها بيان لهذه الجماعة والتعرف بهم، ولرسائلهم، وإختلاف الناس في الطعن بهم، وفي المدح لهم، حيث العالم الإسلامي كان يعيش في فوضى وإضطراب وقت نشأتهم وتكوينهم، وذكرت أقوال العلماء في أسماء من كتب هذه الرسائل من جماعة إخوان الصفا، ثمّ ذكرت أقوالهم في معنى النبي والرسول من خلال رسائلهم، وكلا المعنيين واحد عندهم، فهما: أي النبي والرسول لفظان مختلفان لفظاً متحدان معناً، وبيّنت أيضاً آرائهم في صفات الأنبياء عليهم الصلاة السلام، الصفات الخَلقية، والصفات الخُلقية، والنبوة عندهم غير منتهية، بل هي مستمرّة ودائمة. معتقد إخوان الصفا في الأنبياء عليهم الصلاة والسلام، حيث بينت فيه أنّ الأنبياء عندهم غير محصورين في عدد، ولا يؤمنون بأن الوحي ينزل عليهم، بل كلّ إنسان صالح وفيلسوف فهو نبي عندهم، لأنّهم لا يؤمنون بالملائكة، ولا بالوحي ولا بالجنّ والشياطين، بل لا يؤمون باليوم الآخر، ثمّ ذكرت في المطلب الثاني بياناً للعقيدة الصحيحة التي جاء بها الأنبياء عليهم الصلاة والسلام، حتى يكون ردّاً على شبهاتهم، وبياناً لما يوافق القرآن والسنة النبويّة
دور استراتيجيتي تدريب و تمكين الموارد البشرية
Authors: Mantak Sherwan O. , Wali Ahlam I. , Sadq Zana M.
Published: June 2019

يهدف البحث الى قياس دور استراتيجيتي تدريب و تمكين الموارد البشرية في تعزيز مقدرات الابداع الاستراتيجي بأبعادها (التعلم المنظمي و فرق العمل) من وجهة نظر الملاكات التدريسية في المعهد التقني عقرة باقليم كوردستان العراق. ولتحقيق الهدف تم تصميم استبانة مكونة من (30) فقرة لجمع بيانات الجانب الميداني, و بلغ حجم العينة (38) من الملاكات التدريسية، تمثلت اهم استتاجات البحث في وجود علاقة معنوية موجبة بين استراتيجيتي تدريب و تمكين الموارد البشرية و مقدرات الابداع الاستراتيجي، و ووجود تاثير معنوي موجب لهما في تعزيز مقدرات الابداع الاستراتيجي في المعهد التقني عقرة باقليم كوردستان العراق، و بناء على ذلك قدم البحث عدد من المقترحات اهمها ضرورة تدريب وتطوير الملاكات التدريسية في المعهد وتفعيلها أكثر وبشكل خاص في مجال تعزيز عملية الإبداع الاستراتيجي
Fabrication of textured substrates for dye-sensitized solar cells using polydimethylsiloxane nanoimprint lithography
Authors: Yang Na , Oka Chiemi , Hata Seiichi , Sakurai Junpei
Published: June 2019

We proposed a fabrication of nanoimprinted textures on a front glass/transparent conductive oxide interface for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These textures were fabricated through polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanoimprint lithography on organosilsesquioxane solution. The texture structures were estimated via optical simulation. Master molds were anodic aluminum oxide templates with nano-texture (N-Tx) and micro-nano double texture (D-Tx). Meanwhile, replicate molds used a hard PDMS. Fluorine-doped tin oxide and titanium dioxide were deposited on textured glass substrates to generate electrodes for DSSCs. Unlike the DSSCs without texture, textured DSSCs realized 11.4% (N-Tx) and 10% (D-Tx) improvement in conversion efficiency.
Monitoring and coordination for essentiality of money
Authors: Awaya Yu , Fukai Hiroki
Published: June 2019

For money to be essential, environments have been considered in which there is imperfect monitoring of past actions and in which it is difficult to coordinate among economic agents. This paper provides an environment in which there is no monitoring of past actions while coordination is difficult. In this environment, we show that the first best allocation is achieved without money, and hence, money is not essential. The implication is that, for money to be essential, no monitoring is not enough but coordination must also be free.
On the evolution of solutions of Burgers equation on the positive quarter-plane
Authors: Hanaç Esen
Published: June 2019

In this paper we investigate an initial-boundary value problem for the Burgers equation on the positive quarter-plane;

v

t

+
v

v

x

-

v

x
x

=
0
,
 
 
 
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0
,
 
 
 
t
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0
,

v

(

x
,
0

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=

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+

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0
,

v

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t

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,

$\matrix{ {{v_t} + v{v_x} - {v_{xx}} = 0,\,\,\,x > 0,\,\,\,t > 0,} \cr {v\left( {x,0} \right) = {u_ + },\,\,\,x > 0,} \cr {v\left( {0,t} \right) = {u_b},\,\,t > 0,} \cr }$

where x and t represent distance and time, respectively, and u
+ is an initial condition, ub is a boundary condition which are constants (u
+ ≠ ub). Analytic solution of above problem is solved depending on parameters (u
+ and ub) then compared with numerical solutions to show there is a good agreement with each solutions.
New copulas based on general partitions-of-unity (part III) — the continuous case
Authors: Pfeifer Dietmar , Mändle Andreas , Ragulina Olena , Girschig Côme
Published: June 2019

In this paper we discuss a natural extension of infinite discrete partition-of-unity copulas which were recently introduced in the literature to continuous partition of copulas with possible applications in risk management and other fields. We present a general simple algorithm to generate such copulas on the basis of the empirical copula from high-dimensional data sets. In particular, our constructions also allow for an implementation of positive tail dependence which sometimes is a desirable property of copula modelling, in particular for internal models under Solvency II.
Primary adrenal insufficiency in the United States: diagnostic error and patient satisfaction with treatment
Authors: Regan Elizabeth A. , Vaidya Anand , Margulies Paul L. , Make Barry J. , Lowe Katherine E. , Crapo James D.
Published: June 2019

Background

The objective of the study was to assess the diagnostic process, access to care and treatment adequacy for primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) patients from a US-based online registry.

Methods

The National Adrenal Diseases Foundation (NADF) patient registry from 2015 to 2016 was used for a cross-sectional assessment of PAI patients. Five hundred and forty-one adults met the study inclusion criteria (US residents, age >20, self-reported physician diagnosis of PAI and replacement dosing for cortisol). Issues in diagnosis, comorbid conditions, symptoms, with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were determined. Disease management assessment included medication dose, patient satisfaction with function, and education. Factors associated with adrenal crisis were noted.

Results

The cohort was predominantly female (83%), non-Hispanic White (97%), and well-educated (94% > high school education). A majority (57%) of patients reported difficulty with initial diagnosis, while 27% felt that their current steroid replacement was not adequate. Comorbid thyroid disease and other autoimmune conditions were common among PAI patients in the registry. More than three-quarters (78%) of patients used hydrocortisone for glucocorticoid replacement with a mean dose of 24.4 (standard deviation [SD]: 8.7) mg. Mean dose of hydrocortisone has declined over time following current treatment recommendations.

Conclusions

Timely, accurate diagnosis remains a problem for patients with primary adrenal insufficiency in an affluent, well-educated US cohort. Episodes of adrenal crisis are common and replacement steroid treatment is not always effective for patient function. Comprehensive information about outcomes of care for PAI in the US remains limited and the establishment of a research-specific registry to foster future research may be desirable. Patient registry data is a valuable source of information on diagnostic error and outcomes of care in rare diseases.
Treatment of European beech with a new wood fire retardant agent based on in situ deposition of calcium oxalate
Authors: Franke Tom , Volkmer Thomas
Published: June 2019

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) was impregnated in a two-step process with aqueous solutions of potassium oxalate and calcium chloride successively. These compounds are intended to react in situ to the water-insoluble salt calcium oxalate and the reaction by-product potassium chloride. In order to assess the treatability, the solid uptake after the first impregnation and after the treatment was examined. The fixation of the precipitated salts was measured in leaching tests according to the European standard EN 84. The reaction to fire of mineralized beech was tested following the standard ISO 11925-2. A weight percentage gain of appr. 35% indicates a sucessful treatment of the beech with the mineralization agents. The weight percentage gain after leaching indicates a sufficient fixation of calcium oxalate in the wood. Furthermore, results from flammability tests indicate improved fire resistance due to the mineralization.
Neuronal microtubules and proteins linked to Parkinson’s disease: a relevant interaction?
Authors: Calogero Alessandra M. , Mazzetti Samanta , Pezzoli Gianni , Cappelletti Graziella
Published: June 2019

Neuronal microtubules are key determinants of cell morphology, differentiation, migration and polarity, and contribute to intracellular trafficking along axons and dendrites. Microtubules are strictly regulated and alterations in their dynamics can lead to catastrophic effects in the neuron. Indeed, the importance of the microtubule cytoskeleton in many human diseases is emerging. Remarkably, a growing body of evidence indicates that microtubule defects could be linked to Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis. Only a few of the causes of the progressive neuronal loss underlying this disorder have been identified. They include gene mutations and toxin exposure, but the trigger leading to neurodegeneration is still unknown. In this scenario, the evidence showing that mutated proteins in Parkinson’s disease are involved in the regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton is intriguing. Here, we focus on α-Synuclein, Parkin and Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), the three main proteins linked to the familial forms of the disease. The aim is to dissect their interaction with tubulin and microtubules in both physiological and pathological conditions, in which these proteins are overexpressed, mutated or absent. We highlight the relevance of such an interaction and suggest that these proteins could trigger neurodegeneration via defective regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton.
The Fourier-finite-element method for Poisson’s equation in three-dimensional axisymmetric domains with edges: Computing the edge flux intensity functions
Authors: Nkemzi Boniface , Jung Michael
Published: June 2019

In [Nkemzi and Jung, 2013] explicit extraction formulas for the computation of the edge flux intensity functions for the Laplacian at axisymmetric edges are presented. The present paper proposes a new adaptation for the Fourier-finite-element method for efficient numerical treatment of boundary value problems for the Poisson equation in axisymmetric domains Ω̂ ⊂ ℝ3 with edges. The novelty of the method is the use of the explicit extraction formulas for the edge flux intensity functions to define a postprocessing procedure of the finite element solutions of the reduced boundary value problems on the two-dimensional meridian of Ω̂. A priori error estimates show that the postprocessing finite element strategy exhibits optimal rate of convergence on regular meshes. Numerical experiments that validate the theoretical results are presented.
Geodesic equations and their numerical solution in Cartesian coordinates on a triaxial ellipsoid
Authors: Panou G. , Korakitis R.
Published: June 2019

In this work, the geodesic equations and their numerical solution in Cartesian coordinates on an oblate spheroid, presented by Panou and Korakitis (2017), are generalized on a triaxial ellipsoid. A new exact analytical method and a new numerical method of converting Cartesian to ellipsoidal coordinates of a point on a triaxial ellipsoid are presented. An extensive test set for the coordinate conversion is used, in order to evaluate the performance of the two methods. The direct geodesic problem on a triaxial ellipsoid is described as an initial value problem and is solved numerically in Cartesian coordinates. The solution provides the Cartesian coordinates and the angle between the line of constant λ and the geodesic, at any point along the geodesic. Also, the Liouville constant is computed at any point along the geodesic, allowing to check the precision of the method. An extensive data set of geodesics is used, in order to demonstrate the validity of the numerical method for the geodesic problem. We conclude that a complete, stable and precise solution of the problem is accomplished.