bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bazyliański klasztor św. Onufrego w Ławrowie w XVII-XVIII wieku
Authors: Lorens Beata
Published: September 2023

Początki bazyliańskiego monasteru św. Onufrego w Ławrowie, znajdującego się w eparchii przemyskiej, sięgają prawdopodobnie końca XII w. W XVII w. monaster pozostawał pod kontrolą biskupów prawosławnych. W 1659 r. decyzją Antoniego Winnickiego, prawosławnego biskupa przemyskiego, zorganizowano zakon według reguły obowiązującej w klasztorze maniowskim. Ławrów utrzymywał szczególne stosunki z rodziną Winnickich, do której należało trzech eparchów przemyskich. Po przyjęciu przez diecezję przemyską unii z Kościołem łacińskim w 1691 r., klasztor przeszedł pod jurysdykcję biskupa unickiego. Dopiero w 1739 r. klasztor został przekazany Bazyliańskiemu Zgromadzeniu Opieki Najświętszej Maryi Panny, zrzeszającemu klasztory znajdujące się na terytorium Rosji. W latach 1743-1780 klasztor w Ławrowie został przyłączony do prowincji Opieki Najświętszej Maryi Panny, zwanej Polską lub Królewską. W 1780 r. klasztor znalazł się w granicach prowincji pod wezwaniem Zbawiciela, zwanej galicyjską. Od klasztoru zależały wówczas rezydencje w Bilinie i Wysocku Wyżnym.Klasztor w Ławrowie różnił się od innych klasztorów położonych w prowincji polskiej wyposażeniem i liczbą zakonników. W drugiej połowie XVIII w. przebywało w nim od 9 do 29 zakonników. Przełożeni klasztoru należeli do bazyliańskiej elity intelektualnej i pełnili funkcję protoihumenów w prowincji Opieki Najświętszej Maryi Panny. Mnisi z Ławrowa rozwinęli działalność duszpasterską i edukacyjną. Od lat 40. XVIII w. w klasztorze organizowano studia zakonne z zakresu retoryki, filozofii i teologii. Dzięki otwarciu internatu dla młodzieży świeckiej kształciła się tu także niższa szlachta. Ławrowscy bazylianie przyjmowali także synów mieszczan. Działalność edukacyjną wspierała biblioteka klasztorna, jedna z największych bibliotek bazyliańskich w prowincji.
IMPACT OF IMF’S EXTENDED FUND FACILITY (EFF) ON MACROECONOMICS OF PAKISTAN
Authors: ,Dr. Rashid Aftab Dr. Musab Yousufi, Aqeel Mansoor
Published: September 2023

The International Monetary Fund's (IMF) Extended Fund Facility (EFF) utilized by several countries including Pakistan who facing the economic challenges. This study tried to analyze the impact of the IMF's EFF program on the macroeconomics of Pakistan. The study examining the different scopes of EFF program, including its objectives, conditions, and way forward. The paper also assess its effects on the main macroeconomic indicators such as economic growth, inflation, fiscal discipline, and external sector stability. The EFF program, implemented in Pakistan during a period of economic distress, aimed to address the country's balance of payment crisis, stabilize the exchange rate, restore investor confidence, and promote sustainable economic growth. Under this program, Pakistan committed to a set of economic reforms and structural adjustments, including fiscal consolidation measures, monetary tightening, and structural reforms in key sectors such as energy and taxation. However, the implementation of the EFF program also had some adverse effects on the macroeconomics of Pakistan. The program's stringent conditions, such as fiscal austerity measures and energy tariff adjustments, contributed to a temporary slowdown in economic growth. Furthermore, the austerity measures had distributional consequences, impacting vulnerable segments of society and potentially widening income inequality.
Fabrication of Porous Co3O4 Arrays by a Co-Precipitation Method and it Application as a Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor
Authors: Jie Zhang Jie Zhang , Ri Xia Ri Xia , Xianchun Li and Jiasheng Xu Xianchun Li and Jiasheng Xu
Published: September 2023

The porous cobaltosic oxide (Co3O4) arrays has been prepared by a chemical co-precipitation route using the nickel foam as s substrate. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), and ampere current method (i-t curve) are used to explore the non-enzymatic glucose sensor in a three-electrode system. This porous Co3O4 array non-enzymatic sensor shows a sensitivity of 592.8 mA mM1 cm2 in concentration from 0.99 M to 1.073 mM. The porous Co3O4 array sensor electrode also showed low LOD value (0.005 M) and fast response time (4 s). This porous Co3O4 electrode shows a good sensor performance due to these rich redox reaction sites in the unique porous structure. This porous cobaltosic oxide arrays maybe a potential sensor material in the glucose detection application
Packaging Attributes and Consumers' Patronage of Milk Products
Authors: C.C. Nwobodo , E.J. Edim , I.E. Jerome , B.I. Inyang
Published: September 2023

This study was on packaging attributes and consumers' patronage of milk products. It was conducted specifically to determine the effects of packaging colour, design of wrapper, quality of packaging material, and packaging information on consumers’ patronage of evaporated milk brands. It was a cross-sectional study that obtained primary data from 168 consumers of evaporated milk brands using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, and the hypotheses developed for the study were tested using multiple linear regression. Consequently, the study revealed that design of wrapper, quality of packaging material and packaging information had significant positive effects on consumers’ patronage of evaporated milk brands, while packaging colour had no significant effect in this regard. Therefore, the study recommended that manufacturers of evaporated milk brands should pay little attention to packaging colour in their packaging design process because consumers’ patronage of evaporated milk brands is influenced by more important factors than packaging colour, such as design of wrapper, quality of packaging material and packaging information. As such, we recommended, among others, that it is imperative for manufacturers of evaporated milk brands to use quality materials such as water-proof, air-tight and healthy materials to package their products to prevent damage to the product and consumers’ health.
Knowledge Management and Organizational Performance of Selected Oil Servicing Companies in Delta State
Authors: D. Ethelmary , M.I. Udodiugwu , N.T. Nnanyelugo
Published: September 2023

The study examined knowledge management and organizational performance of selected oil servicing companies in Delta State. The objective of the study was regarding components of knowledge management such as knowledge conversion and knowledge acquisition. Relevant empirical literature was reviewed concerning the topic under study. The study was anchored on the contingency theory of Fred Fiedler. A descriptive survey research design was adopted as a method of analyzing data. The population of the study was 400 and questionnaires was used to generate data. Handling responses, coding, categorizing, and keyed into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 for analysis. The statistics generated were descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The specific descriptive statistics include percentages and frequencies while the inferential statistics include a multiple linear regression model. Descriptive statistics including the mean and standard deviations were used to analyze the data and capture the characteristics of the variables under the study. Inferential statistics were used to test the nature and magnitude of the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Simple regression analysis and Pearson's correlations were computed to determine the nature and the strength of the relationship among the variables. Analysis of variance statistical tools were used for testing the hypotheses. We concluded that the organizational performance of selected oil servicing companies in Delta State is dependent and sensitive to knowledge management practices, knowledge conversion, and knowledge acquisition. We recommended that the selected oil servicing companies in Delta State55 should plan on how all the variables of knowledge management recommended should be entailed into the organization for proper utilization and efficient organizational performance.
Entrepreneurial Culture and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: O.C. Nnabugwu , I.A. Ibekwe
Published: September 2023

This study examines the role of entrepreneurial culture on performance of small and medium enterprises in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study aims to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial mindset, entrepreneurial leadership and entrepreneurial values on financial performance, marketing performance, and environmental performance. Relevant literature were reviewed. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The survey instrument used for data collection for the study was a structured questionnaire with 5 Likert scale responses. The population of study was 2093 made up of registered small and medium scale enterprises in Anambra State, Nigeria. The statistical formula by Borg and Gall was employed to determine the sample size of 408. The instruments were subjected to face and content validity. The reliability of the questionnaire was established through the test-retest and Cronbach Alpha. Simple percentage analysis was used in the analyzing research question. Hypotheses for the study were analyzed using Linear Regression Analysis (MRA). The study revealed that entrepreneurial mindset has a significant positive effect on financial performance, entrepreneurial leadership styles have a significant positive effect on sales performance of small and medium enterprises, and entrepreneurial value has a significant positive influence on marketing performance of small and medium enterprises. The study therefore concluded that entrepreneurial culture has a significant positive effect on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study recommended that entrepreneurship education in universities should consider teaching techniques that require students’ to have hands-on enterprise experience as well as to practice entrepreneurial directed approach in improving entrepreneurial mindset. Government should encourage the facilitation of workshops and seminars for SMEs operators in order to help their improved entrepreneurial leadership styles for better organizational performance.
Physiotherapy Intervention in Elderly Immobility Syndrome: Narrative Review
Authors: Lopes-Junior José Evaldo Gonçalves , Gomes Gecilane de Jesus Dourado de Sousa , Vieira-Filho José Jario da Silva , Terceiro Luciano Bruno Osorio , Pinheiro Denise Gonçalves Moura , Neves Eduardo de Almeida e , Vanderlei Edfranck de Sousa Oliveira
Published: September 2023

With aging, several physiological changes occur in the elderly, including a decrease in muscle mass, bone density, and balance, which increase the risk of falls. As the elderly population continues to grow, the role of the physiotherapist becomes indispensable in promoting the autonomy and independence of these individuals. This study presents a narrative review on the physiotherapist's role in preventing immobility syndrome in the elderly. Immobility syndrome primarily affects the musculoskeletal system, leading to functional limitations that impact posture transfer and bed-to-chair mobility, hindering daily activities, altering gait patterns, and reducing the activity of certain systems. The implementation of early rehabilitation protocols within the first 48 hours of intervention can be applied to improve mobilization and prevent the onset of immobility syndrome. As the elderly population expands, the proactive involvement of physiotherapists in preventing and managing immobility-related issues becomes crucial. This not only enhances the quality of life for older individuals but also reduces the burden on healthcare systems. Overall, physiotherapy plays a vital role in mitigating the negative effects of immobility in the elderly, promoting their well-being, and maintaining their functional independence.
Documentary evidence of donations to the Eastern Rumelian militia
Authors: Donchev Anton
Published: September 2023

The importance of the Russian donations to the Еastern Rumelian militia had an impact on the development of the armed forces of Bulgaria. Its detailed presentation aims to show the true meaning it has had. The importance of this donation should also be seen as part of the period in which it occurs. In the 19th century, firearms were a staple of any army. Eastern Rumelia could not afford to buy the necessary amount of weapons. What has been said so far sheds new light on the Russian donation. Without weapons, the development of the armed forces would have been extremely slow. It is true that Eastern Rumelia later bought more modern rifles from Russia, but they were fewer in number and this happened in 1882 or three years after the creation of the militia. One of the main pillars of the setting up of the East Rumelia army turned out to be the donations of Russia, due to which the Bulgarians in Rumelia began their military training from the very beginning of the existence of the autonomous region within the Ottoman Empire. The successful beginning of the development of the militia is not only the beginning for the military units of Eastern Rumelia. Viewed in depth, this donation is the basis for the creation of the Bulgarian Army. This is because the army of the Principality of Bulgaria was successfully supplemented in 1885–1886 by the East Rumelia militia that joined it. The positives of this merger far exceed the Union of 1885.
International experience in waste minimization in aic and food
Authors: Аникиенко Т.И. , Дунченко Н.И.
Published: September 2023

в процессе производства, переработки или неправильного хранения, а также с истекшим сроком годности. По данным ООН примерно треть от всего производимого продовольствия оказывается на свалке. Согласно международному классификатору, пищевые отходы по классу опасности относятся к 3–5-му классу. В то же время в России, согласно Федеральному классификационному каталогу отходов (ФККО) по опасности для окружающей среды, пищевые отходы относятся к 4–5-му классу. Пищевые отходы – это глобальная проблема, поскольку огромные потери сырья и продовольствия происходят от поля до потребителя, в результате чего производители вынуждены платить по счетам за эти потери. Современные потребители во всех странах замечают, что продукты питания становятся все дороже и дороже. В связи с растущим мировым населением и проблемой безопасности пищевых продуктов, которая все больше привлекает внимание, промышленность ищет эффективные способы защиты ресурсов. Мировое сообщество в рамках устойчивого развития планирует сократить в два раза потери при производстве и сбыте пищевых продуктов к 2030 г. Работа ФАО сосредоточена на наращивании потенциала заинтересованных сторон для управления качеством по всей цепочке поставок пищевых продуктов «от поля/фермы до прилавка», поэтому мировое сообщество ищет методы и способы минимизации отходов в АПК и перерабатывающей промышленности. Россия, как член ВТО, стремится выполнять взятые на себя обязательства в области обращения с пищевыми отходами.

The article deals with the issues of handling industrial food waste, which is much more than in public catering and households. This is waste that has partially or completely lost its presentation and consumer properties during production, processing or improper storage, as well as expired. According to the UN, about a third of all food produced ends up in landfill. According to the international classifier, food waste by hazard class belongs to the 3–5 class. At the same time, in Russia, according to the Federal Classification Catalog of Waste (FKKO) in terms of environmental hazard, food waste belongs to class 4–5. Food waste is a global problem as huge losses of raw materials and food occur from the field to the consumer, causing producers to pay the bill for these losses. Modern consumers in all countries are noticing that food is becoming more and more expensive. With a growing global population and an increasing focus on food safety, industry is looking for effective ways to protect resources. The global community, as part of sustainable development, plans to halve losses in the production and marketing of food products by 2030. FAO's work is focused on building the capacity of stakeholders to manage quality throughout the food supply chain from field/farm to fork, so the global community is looking for methods and ways to minimize waste in the agribusiness and processing industries. Russia, as a member of the WTO, strives to fulfill its obligations in the field of food waste management.
Functions of microarthropods in reclaimed mines spoil: A case study of Kathara Coalfield area of Jharkhand,India
Authors: Hembrom Amita , Sinha Braj Kishore
Published: September 2023

Reclaimed mines spoil (RMS) is the byproduct of open-cast mining and an ecological footprint under twin stresses namely, anthropogenic and natural. The present paper measures the stresses in reclaimed coal mine spoils and has two sections – the first dealing with the experiments and their results, while the second section derives an ecological model from the experiment. An experiment was carried out (experimental years, 2006 – 2008) in reclaimed coal mine spoils (RMS) of Jharkhand. Four RMSs of different chrono sequences of plantations on the overburden dumps (OBD) were considered for the study. Data on soil arthropods along with other physical parameters were collected from a 1meter x 1meter grid of quadrate periodically. It was observed that the Shannon diversity index of younger RMS was higher than the 15- and 30-year-old RMS. Old age sites and forests had a higher Diversity Index. Simpson’s index was 0.0877, 0.889, 0.869, and 0.887 in four RMS sites, and 0.885, and 0.917 in the forest. Organisms in degraded systems are initially rudrals – create a functional system and establish as K-select species. It was observed that the system has stresses – homeostatic processes that keep a system in its original state, and other forces – resilience pulls them out of the status quo but in reclaimed mine spoils an additional force anthropogenic activities work synergistically with the forces of resilience that push the system towards non-equilibrium, which is critical for succession and ecesis. Based on findings and functional stresses in the system an ecological model was developed for ecesis that is operative in the system.
Study on the effect of chemical and physical mutagen on seed germination of Indian mustard
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Arun , Raj Rudhima , Singh Smriti
Published: September 2023

Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L) Czern & coss.] is considered as one of the most important vegetable oil and protein meal crops in the Indian subcontinent. Seeds of Indian Mustard Brassica juncea (L) cultivars Shivani and Pusa Bold were treated with EMS (0.3%) and gamma rays (900-1100 Gy) to study germination and other quantitative traits. Gamma rays as a kind of ionizing radiation represent a physical mutagen that induces mutations and may be effectively used in plant breeding. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is a chemical extensively used to set off mutations at loci that adjust economically vital traits. During these experiments, we observed seed germination percentage in the M1 generation was highest in Pusa Bold then followed by Shivani. An increase in doses of gamma rays and the concentration of EMS reduced the percentage of germination.
Precedent of traditional water conservation: A case study of Ara and Keram villages, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Authors: Sahu Manish Kumar
Published: September 2023

Life on Earth is due to water. 71% of the earth is covered by water but 97% of water is stored in oceans as salt water, only 3% of water is fresh of which 2.4% is stored in the form of glaciers. 0.6% of fresh water is available for drinking and other purposes. Rainwater is the major source of freshwater, hence its conservation is extremely important. Today machines, concrete, artificial structure and technologies are being used for rainwater conservation. In the era of artificial intelligence, a few villages in the Ranchi district are conserving millions of litres of rainwater every year by traditional methods and using it for agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, etc. People of two villages Ara and Keram have done extraordinary work by making thousands of Trench cum Bund (T.C.B.), Loose Bolder Structure (L.B.S.) and Dobha to conserve rainwater. Taking cognizance of this excellent performance of these villages, the Prime Minister of India has appreciated his program ‘Mann Ki Baat’. This paper is an attempt to present the traditional methods of rainwater conservation in these villages. In this research paper, mainly methods and benefits of water conservation including community participation and the motivation to do this work have been highlighted.
Refeeding Day Strategies in Elite Soccer Players: A New Way to Maintain Performance Losing Body Fat Percentage
Authors: Fernandes Haniel
Published: September 2023

The refeeding days strategies are already used by bodybuilders in pre-contest periods to increase the decrease in body fat percentage without impairing the performance of these athletes and maintain fat-free mass for their competition day. But, among elite soccer players, who always want to have low percentages of body fat, how could the refeeding days strategies be used? Perhaps in off-season periods where there is not so much concern in optimizing performance but in keeping the fat-free mass high and reducing the body fat percentage. This work demonstrates a scientifically based commentary with articles that address the subject and a proposal of how the prescription of a dietary week that includes refeeding days strategies for elite soccer players who want to reduce body fat percentage during off-season periods could be.
Cross-Project Analysis of Volunteers’ Scientific Observation Skills
Authors: Del Bianco Veronica , Peterman Karen , Becker-Klein Rachel , Davis Cathlyn M. , Grover Andrea , Phillips Tina
Published: September 2023

This paper explores the assumptions that citizen science (CS) project leaders had about their volunteers’ science inquiry skill–proficiency overall, and then examines volunteers’ actual proficiency in one specific skill, scientific observation, because it is fundamental to and shared by many projects. This work shares findings from interviews with 10 project leaders related to two common assumptions leaders have about their volunteers’ skill proficiency: one, that volunteers can perform the necessary skills to participate at the start of a CS project, and therefore may not need training; and two, volunteer skill proficiency improves over time through involvement in the CS project. In order to answer questions about the degree of accuracy to which volunteers can perform the necessary skills and about differences in their skill proficiency based on experience and data collection procedures, we analyzed data from seven CS projects that used two shared embedded assessment tools, each focused on skills within the context of scientific observation in natural settings: Notice relevant features for taxonomic identification and record standard observations. This across-project and cross-sectional study found that the majority of citizen science volunteers (n = 176) had the necessary skill proficiency to collect accurate scientific observations but proficiency varied based on volunteer experience and project data collection procedures.
Otimização inspirada na interação ecológica de predação do gato em relação ao rato aplicada ao problema da múltipla mochila 0-1
Authors: Neto Alfredo Silveira Araújo
Published: September 2023

Classificado como um problema de otimização combinatória NP-difícil, que em geral despende um esforço computacional inaceitável quando da determinação de soluções ótimas e exatas, o problema da mochila, assim como as suas variações, tem sido usualmente endereçado por intermédio de algoritmos heurísticos e meta-heurísticos, capazes de estabelecer resultados aproximadamente ótimos a um custo de processamento admissível. Sendo assim, e considerando a assiduidade com que métodos fundamentados em comportamentos biológicos e evolucionários têm sido admitidos à sua resolução, este estudo propõe aplicação de uma meta-heurística inspirada da relação ecológica de predação do gato em relação ao rato, à obtenção de soluções aproximadas para o problema da múltipla mochila 0-1, e observa, por intermédio de uma avaliação empírica que incluiu uma análise estatística não paramétrica dos resultados, que o algoritmo sugerido foi capaz de alcançar soluções equivalentes ou mais adequadas do que as determinadas por outros métodos de otimização combinatória.
Detecção e alerta de equipamentos não permitidos em quartos hospitalares por meio da supervisão da corrente elétrica
Authors: Rebonatto Marcelo Trindade , Da Paixão Oneide Jorge Pereira , Spalding Luiz Eduardo Schardong
Published: September 2023

Em períodos de frio intenso, pacientes ou seus familiares fazem uso de aquecedores elétricos não permitidos que sobrecarregam e potencializam os riscos às instalações elétricas hospitalares, podendo provocar o desligamento de disjuntores, superaquecimento de cabos, tomadas e conectores elevando os riscos de incêndio e danos permanentes à estrutura física. Este artigo traz um método não invasivo de monitoramento, buscando detectar variações de corrente relativas ao consumo de aquecedores elétricos e informar quanto este for ligado. O sistema usa uma placa Texas Instruments TM4C1294XL que captura e envia amostras desta corrente via interface Ethernet a um computador, onde um programa na linguagem Python classifica as ocorrências em eventos, armazena em banco de dados e disponibiliza uma interface web a fim de alertar os responsáveis para atuarem em medidas de minimização dos riscos. Além disso, limites são estabelecidos para as correntes de fase e de fuga para que possa ser informado quando as mesmas apresentam risco à instalação ou ao paciente. Testes confirmaram a eficiência do monitoramento na detecção da ligação de aquecedores elétricos mesmo em conjunto de outras cargas no circuito, mostrando que é possível supervisionar a rede elétrica de forma não invasiva e detectar a ligação de aparelhos indesejados/não permitidos.
Authorship attribution of comments in Portuguese extracted from Reddit
Authors: Matias Vinicius Alves , Digiampietri Luciano Antonio
Published: September 2023

Ambientes de interação na Internet, como redes sociais, transferem dados textuais em larga escala que carregam implicitamente os estilos de escrita de cada usuário da rede. Dado o fluxo constante e intenso de informações por meio de sistemas de informação desse tipo, é necessário desenvolver técnicas que possam distinguir um texto entre dois possíveis autores peor motivos de, por exemplo, evitar o retorno de usuários banidos da plataforma. Este artigo abordou e avaliou diferentes formas de realizar a atribuição de autoria por meio de processamento de linguagem natural e aprendizado de máquina, com base em comentários em português extraídos da rede social Reddit. Este artigo tem como objetivo atualizar a literatura de atribuição de autoria utilizando o português como idioma principal, dada a escassez de trabalhos atualizados nesse idioma. Os resultados de vários métodos viáveis ​​para a tarefa de atribuição de autoria binária foram expostos e avaliados na questão da viabilidade de acordo com sua significância estatística, obtendo-se dois modelos dentro do mesmo intervalo de confiança que atingiram 0,88 de F1-score e 0,94 de AUC com extração de texto atributos por meio de embeddings BERTimbau e por meio de TF-IDF de palavras.
Death rites disrupted: coronavirus, ‘lockdown’ laws and the altered social ritual of the funeral
Authors: Conway Heather
Published: September 2023

While emergency measures for tackling coronavirus fundamentally altered our daily lives, this limiting of freedoms on public health grounds had an equally dramatic impact on the rituals of death. The sweeping restrictions imposed on the time-honoured social practice of the funeral recast its fundamentals but have not been meaningfully probed in legal scholarship. This article addresses that lacuna by examining the relevant laws and government guidance and their broader societal impact. Drawing on the multidisciplinary field of death studies, it examines both the transformative effect of these measures on funerals and the attendant human and social consequences. Integrating this analysis with evidence from emerging research on bereavement and grief during the pandemic, the article argues that the ongoing emotional toll of Covid-era funerals is fuelling a new type of public health crisis.
George Gavan Duffy and the legal consequences of the Anglo Irish Treaty, 1921–1923
Authors: Mohr Thomas
Published: September 2023

George Gavan Duffy (1882–1951) was a signatory of the 1921 ‘Anglo Irish Treaty’. In the 1930s he enjoyed a notable judicial career and would rise to the position of President of the High Court of Ireland. This article examines a more neglected period of Gavan Duffy’s career. It focuses on his brief parliamentary career as a TD in the early 1920s and, in particular, his involvement in the creation of the Constitution of the Irish Free State. This analysis also examines the reasons for the divergence of Gavan Duffy’s position from that held by other signatories and supporters of the 1921 Treaty. By late 1922 Gavan Duffy had emerged as a determined critic of the Provisional Government and of the draft Constitution of the Irish Free State that emerged from negotiations in London. This analysis focuses on Gavan Duffy’s attempts to amend provisions of the draft Constitution that he believed went further than the strict legal demands of the 1921 Treaty. The conclusion assesses Gavan Duffy’s attitude towards the legal consequences of the 1921 Treaty and his attempts to mitigate their impact on the 1922 Constitution of the Irish Free State.
TEKSTİL SEKTÖRÜNDE TEMİZ ÜRETİM UYGULAMA ÖRNEKLERİ
Authors: ADAL Mustafa Gürdal
Published: September 2023

"Two of the most important events in human history are undoubtedly the invention of machines and the industrial revolution. Since these events, production has accelerated in the history of humanity and it may even be that the progression that will take place over the centuries has been realized in a short period of time. Meanwhile, breakthroughs in healthcare have led to the prolongation of human life and increased world population, as a result the demand for commodities has increased, and the production capacity has continued to increase exponentially over the years. Undoubtedly, “textile” is one of the most important sectors in our daily life. In addition to its daily benefits, textile also has great economic advantages. Türkiye has survived many economic crises through the help of the textile sector. Although textile is one of the most important sectors, the environmental damage of uncontrolled and illegal textile production is enormous.In this article, the examples of the practices I have made on behalf of the company and myself regarding the prevention of Environmental Pollution which is one of the most important issues in my industrial life, which started in the 1990s with the company I co-founded “Emre Tekstil Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd. Şti”, have been reviewed."
NET SIFIR EMİSYON POLİTİKALARI VE YEŞİL MUTABAKATA UYUM
Authors: DİNÇBAŞ Tuğba , DURMUŞ Abdurrahim
Published: September 2023

"The increase in the concentration of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere since the industrial revolution has caused the temperature of the earth to increase by 1,1°C. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992, the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, and the Paris Agreement in 2015 were adopted in order to collectively combat this phenomenon which is called climate change. The Paris Agreement set the target to limit global warming to below 2°C and to pursue efforts to limit it to 1,5°C. It has been stated that countries should reach net zero emissions by the middle of this century in order to be realized these targets. Having regarded it a duty to be a global leader in the fight against climate change, the European Union announced the European Green Deal in 2019 and declared that it aims to be the first continent to reach net zero emissions by 2050. With its elements, the EU Green Deal has a global impact and it is expected to have an effect on Türkiye’s foreign trade. In parallel with these developments, in 2021, Türkiye announced its 2053 net-zero emission target and became a party to the Paris Agreement. In this study; net zero emission policies were discussed while addressing the current situation in climate change and greenhouse gas emissions; the possible effects of the policies of the European Green Deal on Türkiye have been evaluated and, Policy recommendations have been developed for Türkiye in order to achieve its net zero emissions target and to comply with the European Green Deal."
YEŞİL MUTABAKATIN DEĞER ZİNCİRİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: NUMANOĞLU Nurşen
Published: September 2023

"The European Green Deal (EU GD) is one of the noteworthy initiatives which is under implementation for achieving the goal of combating climate change in line with the Paris Agreement. The relevant EU regulatory framework includes measures that require green transformation and compliance along the value chain in the countries which have trade relationships with the EU. In this regard, EU GD process is important with its effect on competition and trade while serving also to achieve the goal of sustainable development. This article evaluates different components which have impacts on the value chain in the context of relevant Acquis Communautaire. The holistic structure of EU GD is elaborated by taking into account its components which deepened in all relevant sectors and reinforced by financial, technological and social measures. The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism which is under the EU GD, plays a critical role throughout the value chain. It also has a transformative effect on the production and supply chain processes. Reducing dependency on raw materials which is strategic for the green transformation and ensuring resource diversification are the other critical areas to focus. As trade rules being to take shape in line with environmental measures, how companies comply with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles and sustainability reporting are becoming important areas of development. This gives a significant impetus to sustainability financing efforts. Another area is the focus more on R&D and innovation processes which will realize the technology dimension of the green transformation."
HAVA KALİTESİ VE İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN EMİSYON AZALTIMI
Authors: TAYANÇ Mete
Published: September 2023

"Increasing levels of certain chemicals in the atmosphere reduce the quality of the air we breathe and trigger climate change. The increase in global average temperatures exceeded 1.59 ºC on land surfaces and 0.88 ºC on ocean surfaces compared to the 1850-1900 average. In Türkiye, on the other hand, the temperatures did not show a clear increase until the mid- 1990s, and the main increase in temperatures took place since the 2000s. With the increase in temperature, precipitation has decreased in the Mediterranean belt during recent years and the last three years, the period of 2020-2022, was characterized as years having belownormal precipitation in Türkiye. Most of the air polluting gases that threaten human health and the greenhouse gases that trap the long wavelength terrestrial radiation are produced mainly by burning fossil fuels to produce electricity and heat. Air quality can change from day to day, hour to hour or instantaneously, depending on emissions and meteorological conditions. The necessity of reducing emissions is an absolute reality to reduce air quality problems and avoid the undesirable effects of climate change. To achieve this, we must reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and turn to alternative energy sources that are clean, accessible, affordable, sustainable and reliable. We can classify the measures that can be taken for emission reduction and the policies and actions that can be developed, in general, under the headings of energy production and conservation, transportation systems, industry, waste and wastewater management, agriculture and forestry."
"2023 KAHRAMANMARAŞ DEPREMİNDE TASARIM HATALARININ DEPREM HASARINA ETKİSİ"
Authors: KORKMAZ Hasan Hüsnü
Published: September 2023

"While the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in 2023 caused the death of more than 50,000 people, nearly 12 million people were affected by the earthquake. The total cost of building damage in earthquakes is more than $100 billion. After the earthquake, the author examined the collapsed and heavily damaged buildings in the earthquake area and identified the faults that caused the destruction. The residential buildings in the region are reinforced concrete framed structures, and the industrial buildings are in the form of reinforced concrete prefabricated. In addition to the old reinforced concrete structures, many structures built after 2000 and using ready-mixed concrete were demolished. It is in question in cases where unfinished buildings are destroyed or severely damaged under construction. Ownership of the heavily damaged buildings is transferred to the state, and it is not possible for the owners of the houses to even take their belongings in the building. Serious structural system errors have been made in reinforced concrete structures. In addition to the lack of reinforced concrete material, reinforcement detailing defects and structural system errors, many errors related to the building geometry have been detected. Starting from the building parcel geometry, systematic errors were made in the building geometry and architectural design stages. Errors in reinforcement (rebar) details, lack of stirrups caused heavy damage and destruction in columns and beams. Short colon damage, soft fold formation is common. If the lower floors of reinforced concrete buildings are shops, the articulations occur on the ground floor and cause the building to collapse suddenly. In the province of Hatay, an inventory of the collapsed buildings has been made, and there are shops below 95%of the new collapsed buildings. This earthquake showed that architects and civil engineers are not sufficiently knowledgeable about the earthquake behavior of their designs."
"ARAZİ KULLANIMI VE İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNİN BİYOÇEŞİTLİLİK KAYBI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ"
Authors: AKSOY Ahmet , ATASAGUN Bayram
Published: September 2023

"The increase in the use of fossil fuels, land use changes, deforestation and industrial processes, and the rapid increase in greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere by anthropogenic events strengthen the natural greenhouse effect, resulting in global climate change. The effects of climate change affect our lives negatively, causing extinction of species as a result of drought, erosion and desertification, epidemics, relocation of biomes, increase in natural disasters, rise in sea level, deterioration of natural balance and overall disturbances of ecosystem services. This situation leads to undesirable results by directly or indirectly affecting socio-economic sectors and ecological systems. Land use and climate change are among the biggest threats to biodiversity. Therefore, they have important implications for immediate and future biodiversity conservation along with its ability to support ecosystem services and functions on which both humans and other species rely."
TÜRKİYE KUŞ BİLİMİ (ORNİTOLOJİ) TARİHİ VE KUŞ (ORNİS) ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİ
Authors: KİZİROĞLU İlhami
Published: September 2023

"Until the publication of Dr Saadet Ergene’s study in 1945, ornithofaunal research in Türkiye was carried out by foreign individuals or groups who came to Anatolia for various purposes. Bird research was initiated by Prof. Kosswig, who took over the post of the head of the zoological department of the Faculty of Natural Sciences at Istanbul University. Before that time, research was carried out in certain regions of Anatolia. In the meantime, Kumerloeve’s work on Anatolian birds, published in 1961, is also significant. This and later scientific research conducted at Turkish universities have attempted to explore the ornithofauna of Türkiye. In this framework, the International Eurasian Ornithology Symposium, which Hacettepe University started to organise together with Akdeniz University, and was held in different countries. It will be realised for the seventh time in İzmir this year. The number of Master’s and PhD programmes at Turkish universities has also increased greatly, although they have not yet reached the level that corresponds to the importance of ornithology. The number of scientific researches on birds is increasing day by day. In addition, bird research centres have been opened at various universities. In this study, an attempt has been made to present the ornithological researches in Türkiye during the last 150 years and to briefly mention the developments in this process as well as the bird ringing and conservation strategies. The number of bird species in Türkiye varies from 426 to 530 in studies on the birds of Türkiye. In this study, the number of bird species in Türkiye was found to be 530 (297 in the nonpasseres group, 233 in the passeres group). Of these species, 134 are summer migrants (S), 233 native species (N), 63 winter visitors (WV) and 19 transit birds (T). In addition, 81 bird species belong to the group of rare (N) and accidental (R) species, which are observed 1-3 times in different regions. If we exclude the 81 bird species that are rarely or accidentally observed in Türkiye, the number of regularly observed bird species is 449. Both before and after nineteen fifty years, a large number of studies on the birds of Türkiye have been carried out by foreign ornithologists. In certain periods, it has been observed that some foreign researchers have carried out a kind of biomuggling by collecting bird specimens and taking them back to their own countries. Nowadays, such an action is prohibited on legal grounds within the framework of CITES and BERN-Contracts. Those who act otherwise are severely penalised."
TÜRKİYE DENİZ BALIKLARI ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİNDEKİ DEĞİŞİMLER
Authors: BİLECENOĞLU Murat
Published: September 2023

"The marine fish diversity of the Turkish seas is undergoing profound changes under the influence of many anthropogenic factors. On the one hand, population fluctuations and declines due to overexploitation are reported, on the other hand, quite opposite effects are observed together with the inclusion of tropical origin species in the ecosystem. With the increase in biodiversityoriented research over time, the existence of native species that were not previously known in our coasts are reported, and new additions are constantly made to the alien species inventory. As a result, nearly 100 fish species have been included in the checklists over the past 20 years; while the status of locally extinct or threatened species has not yet been revealed with a holistic approach. Research results reveal that the natural faunal structures of our seas, each exhibiting different characteristics, have begun to deteriorate. While the tropicalization process was observed very strongly throughout the Mediterranean coasts, thermophilic native species, which expanded their distribution areas due to physical changes in the marine ecosystem, started to introduce to the Marmara and Black Sea ecosystems. Continuous monitoring of these changes in biological diversity is particularly important in order to understand the extent of the environmental factors they are exposed to."
ULUSAL SU ÜRÜNLERİ GEN BANKASI VE BİYOÇEŞİTLİLİĞE ETKİLERİ
Authors: AYDIN İlhan
Published: September 2023

"The National Fisheries Gene Bank plays a very important role in recording, protecting and examining aquaculture genetic resources in Türkiye. This gene bank functions as a containment site for aquatic genetic resources. It aims to facilitate research into the conservation and seed production of species and preservation of genetic diversity. The National Fisheries Gene Bank prioritizes studying economically valuable species. By collecting and conserving genetic material from different populations, the gene bank ensures that valuable genetic traits and variations are preserved for future use. This genetic diversity can be used for selective breeding programs, improving disease resistance, and increasing the productivity and quality of aquaculture species. The gene bank also supports scientific research on biodiversity and provides a valuable resource for studying the ecological aspects of aquatic organisms. By analyzing the genetic material stored in the gene bank, researchers can gain insight into the genetic makeup, population dynamics and histories of aquatic species. This knowledge is essential for developing effective conservation strategies and understanding the effects of human activities on ecosystems. It also promotes international cooperation and knowledge exchange. By sharing genetic material and information, the gene bank contributes to efforts to conserve biodiversity and support sustainable aquaculture practices. The National Fisheries Gene Bank plays a vital role in the conservation of aquatic genetic resources. It supports scientific research, facilitates sustainable aquaculture practices, and contributes to global initiatives to conserve aquatic biodiversity. By conserving genetic resources and encouraging cooperation, the gene bank ensures the longterm viability of their ecosystems and the sustainable use of water resources."
DEĞİŞEN BİYOÇEŞİTLİLİKTE SALGINLAR VE TEK SAĞLIK TEHDİTLERİ
Authors: ÖKTEM Mehmet Ali
Published: September 2023

"Infectious agents, and the outbreaks they have caused, have historically resulted in significant consequences for humanity. The recent examples of these outbreaks are the COVID-19 pandemic and the Monkeypox epidemic. These viruses, along with many other infectious agents, originate from animals and/or vectors in nature. Therefore, targeting only human infections is insufficient to cope with outbreaks. The ‘One Health’ approach is becoming increasingly important due to this inadequacy. Particularly, the changing biodiversity and human impact on nature, are increasingly posing a health threat to humanity and the planet. The One Health approach, which takes a transdisciplinary understanding and addresses the health of the planet as a whole, has been discussed with various case studies."
TARIMSAL BİYOÇEŞİTLİLİĞİN SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KULLANIMI
Authors: ERCİŞLİ Sezai
Published: September 2023

"Agricultural biodiversity is defined as the diversity and variability of plants, animals and microorganisms used directly or indirectly for food and agriculture, including crop plants, livestock, forestry and fisheries. Habitats are included in this definition as they affect agriculture and ecosystem functions in the agricultural landscape. One of the issues that have been emphasized in recent years and which is important for human life and our planet is the concept of sustainability. In this context, the sustainable use of agricultural biodiversity is also important. Sustainable use of agricultural biodiversity means the use of agricultural biodiversity in a way and at a rate that does not lead to a reduction in the components that make up agricultural biodiversity in the long term, thereby maintaining the potential of agricultural biodiversity to meet the needs of present and future generations. For this reason, sustainable use of agricultural biodiversity includes, on the one hand, meeting the needs of present generations, while observing equality between regions, on the other hand, securing the rights of future generations when considered in the axis of food security."