bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lung and liver editing by lipid nanoparticle delivery of a stable CRISPR-Cas9 RNP
Authors: Chen Kai , Han Hesong , Zhao Sheng , Xu Bryant , Yin Boyan , Trinidad Marena , Burgstone Benjamin W. , Murthy Niren , Doudna Jennifer A.
Published: November 2023

Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery of CRISPR ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) has the potential to enable high-efficiencyin vivogenome editing with low toxicity and an easily manufactured technology, if RNP efficacy can be maintained during LNP production. In this study, we engineered a thermostable Cas9 fromGeobacillus stearothermophilus(GeoCas9) using directed evolution to generate iGeoCas9 evolved variants capable of robust genome editing of cells and organs. iGeoCas9s were significantly better at editing cells than wild-type GeoCas9, with genome editing levels >100X greater than those induced by the native GeoCas9 enzyme. Furthermore, iGeoCas9 RNP:LNP complexes edited a variety of cell lines and induced homology-directed repair (HDR) in cells receiving co-delivered single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) templates. Using tissue-selective LNP formulations, we observed genome editing of 35‒56% efficiency in the liver or lungs of mice that received intravenous injections of iGeoCas9 RNP:LNPs. In particular, iGeoCas9 complexed to acid-degradable LNPs edited lung tissuein vivowith an average of 35% efficiency, a significant improvement over editing efficiencies observed previously using viral or non-viral delivery strategies. These results show that thermostable Cas9 RNP:LNP complexes are a powerful alternative to mRNA:LNP delivery vehicles, expanding the therapeutic potential of genome editing.
(U)SAXS characterization of porous microstructure of chert: insights into organic matter preservation
Authors: Munoz Patricio , Ilavsky Jan , Newville Matthew , Wetter Niklaus U. , Lourenço Rafael André , Barbosa de Andrade Marcelo , Martins Tereza S. , Dipold Jessica , Freitas Anderson Z. , Cides da Silva Luis Carlos , Oliveira Cristiano Luis Pinto
Published: November 2023

This study characterizes the microstructure and mineralogy of 132 (ODP sample), 1000 and 1880 million-year-old chert samples. By using ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS), wide-angle X-ray scattering and other techniques, the preservation of organic matter (OM) in these samples is studied. The scarce microstructural data reported on chert contrast with many studies addressing porosity evolution in other sedimentary rocks. The aim of this work is to solve the distribution of OM and silica in chert by characterizing samples before and after combustion to pinpoint the OM distribution inside the porous silica matrix. The samples are predominantly composed of alpha quartz and show increasing crystallite sizes up to 33 ± 5 nm (1σ standard deviation or SD). In older samples, low water abundances (∼0.03%) suggest progressive dehydration. (U)SAXS data reveal a porous matrix that evolves over geological time, including, from younger to older samples, (1) a decreasing pore volume down to 1%, (2) greater pore sizes hosting OM, (3) decreasing specific surface area values from younger (9.3 ± 0.1 m2 g−1) to older samples (0.63 ± 0.07 m2 g−1, 1σ SD) and (4) a lower background intensity correlated to decreasing hydrogen abundances. The pore-volume distributions (PVDs) show that pores ranging from 4 to 100 nm accumulate the greater volume fraction of OM. Raman data show aromatic organic clusters up to 20 nm in older samples. Raman and PVD data suggest that OM is located mostly in mesopores. Observed structural changes, silica–OM interactions and the hydrophobicity of the OM could explain the OM preservation in chert.
Vicarious abusive supervision among restaurant frontline employees: the role of employee industry tenure
Authors: Li Mengxuan , Wang Xingyu , Paşamehmetoğlu Aysin
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Vicarious abusive supervision (VAS) has recently garnered the attention of hospitality researchers. VAS is prevalent in hospitality work settings characterized by long production chains and open operating environments. Based on the conservation of resources (CORs) theory, this study aims to examine how VAS influences hospitality employees’ work behaviours (i.e. supervisor-directed deviance, silence and helping behaviour) via affective rumination, with the moderating role of industry tenure as an individual contingency on the relationship between VAS and affective rumination.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were gathered from 233 restaurant frontline employees and their supervisors in Turkey. The authors tested the proposed model using partial least squares method through SmartPLS 3.

Findings

The results reveal that VAS triggers affective rumination, which, in turn, is positively related to supervisor-directed deviance and silence, and negatively related to helping behaviour. Moreover, industry tenure, as a buffer resource, significantly moderates the relationship between VAS and affective rumination.

Practical implications

To reduce the occurrence of VAS and mitigate its negative effects, managers should establish a work environment that embraces understanding and respect, pay attention to how they communicate with employees, implement appropriate interventions when VAS occurs and conduct stress management training and improve employees’ emotion regulation skills in ways that correspond to the employees’ industry experience.

Originality/value

This study advances research on VAS by offering insight into how VAS impacts employees’ work behaviours via the underlying mechanism of affective rumination through a COR lens. The findings also shed light on the salient buffering effect of industry tenure as an individual contingency.
Formation of sustainable development competencies in Ukrainian English for specific purposes students
Authors: Chaikovska Hanna , Levchyk Iryna , Adamska Zoriana , Yankovych Oleksandra
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the formation of sustainable development competencies (SDCs) in future primary school teachers during English for specific purposes classes, and to assess the correlation between English proficiency and the development of SDCs, including Collaboration, Strategic thinking, Critical thinking, Modelling sustainable behaviour, Systems thinking and Future thinking.

Design/methodology/approach

The research experiment involved the application of content and language integrated learning and facilitation methods in three higher education institutions in Ukraine. The students’ level of English language proficiency was assessed based on the results of the online Cambridge English Language Assessment test, while the level of SDC formation was measured using research methods adapted to the Ukrainian context.

Findings

The experiment revealed positive changes in the levels of SDCs and English language proficiency through integrated learning and the application of facilitation methods.

Originality/value

The study established a correlation between the level of English language proficiency and the formation of competencies, such as Collaboration, Strategic thinking, Critical thinking, Modelling sustainable behaviour, Systems thinking and Future thinking, all of which are vital for sustainable development.
Influence of floating ring elastic deformation on ring equilibrium and minimum film thickness for a hydrodynamic/hydrostatic floating ring bearing
Authors: Yang Shuai , Hou Junxing , An Xiaodong , Xi Shuanghui
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The floating ring generates elastic deformation as the film pressure for high-speed floating ring bearings (FRBs). The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of ring elastic deformation on the performance of a hydrodynamic/hydrostatic FRB, including floating ring equilibrium and minimum film thickness.

Design/methodology/approach

The finite element method and finite difference method are used to solve thermohydrodynamic (THD) lubrication models, including the Reynolds equation, energy equation and temperature–viscosity equation. The deformation matrix method is applied to solve the elastic deformation equation, and then the deformation distribution, floating ring equilibrium and minimum film thickness are investigated. The maximum pressure is compared with the published article to verify the mathematical models.

Findings

The deformation value increases with the growth of shaft speed; owing to elastic deformation on the film reaction force and friction moment, the ring achieves equilibrium at a new position, and the inner eccentricity increases while the ring-shaft speed ratio declines. The minimum film thickness declines with the growth of inlet temperature, and the outer film tends to rupture considering elastic deformation at a higher temperature.

Originality/value

The floating ring elastic deformation is coupled with the THD lubrication equations to study ring deformation on the hydrodynamic/hydrostatic FRB lubrication mechanism. The elastic deformation of floating ring should be considered to improve analysis accuracy for FRBs.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-05-2023-0139/
An analysis of spatial effects of terrorism on stock market returns in the Middle East countries
Authors: Rezazadeh Ali , Nikpey Pesyan Vahid , Karami Azhdar
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Stock markets are highly sensitive to foreign and domestic events. Stock exchange markets react promptly to news and are known as an indicator of good and bad trading conditions. Terrorist attacks leave adverse effects on the economy and cause stock price volatility and, consequently, stock return volatility. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the spatial effects of terrorism on stock market returns in the Middle East from 2008 to 2019.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses analytical research design and estimates spatial model. Before estimating the spatial model, the spillover effects were confirmed for the spatial autoregressive model using Moran’s diagnostic test for spatial dependence, Geary’s C test and Akaike statistic.

Findings

The results of this study on spatial panel data and based on spatial autoregressive estimator indicated that terrorism and associated neighborhood effects had a negative impact on stock returns in Middle East countries. Also, the corruption index and oil price negatively affected stock market return in these countries, while the democracy index had a positive effect on stock market returns. According to the results, to achieve a high and stable stock market return, it is recommended that high-level consultation is pursued with leaders of involved countries to reduce the devastating effects of terrorist activities, increase political and economic stability, attract stockholders to stock markets and spend corresponding incomes developing the infrastructures in this sector in countries of this region.

Originality/value

Most of the studies have investigated the impact of terrorism on the stock market returns at the national or provincial level. However, the effect of terrorism on the stock market index in the tense region of the Middle East, which is the center of terrorist attacks in the world, has not been dealt with by considering the spatial econometric effects. Thus, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is a first attempt to study the impact of terrorism on the stock market returns in Middle East countries using the spatial econometric approach.
Innovative interdisciplinary pedagogical approaches to enhance students' learning experiences and to benefit them in their future development
Authors: Bremner Pauline A.M. , Air Carol
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This study adds to the existing body of knowledge on the benefits to learners of using an interdisciplinary design thinking (DT) pedagogical approach taking the form of a micro credential with an extra curricula workshop.

Design/methodology/approach

The interpretivist research examined opinion via nine semi-structured interviews with learners who had participated in a workshop. The interviews focussed on demographic information, learning strategies, workshop interdisciplinary benefits and being taught via DT. The recorded interviews and transcriptions were analysed via NVivo and content analysis.

Findings

The results are themed into development opportunities, future learning, making meaning and sense and practical application of knowledge and skills reflection for the students. The DT pedagogy worked well for the students who confirmed university learning should be this way, adding to the debate on embedding engaging interdisciplinary methods to embed entrepreneurship and innovation in the curriculum.

Originality/value

The research is original as the use of DT has added value to the students' development and mindset. Developing graduates this way benefits the local and national economy, as the reach of graduates' transferability makes them fit for the future.
Bank competition and business formation in the U.S. Midwest
Authors: Hean Oudom , Jabas Parker
Published: November 2023

Purpose

In the wake of rapid banking consolidations in the USA, concerns have arisen about the accessibility of capital and financial services for new businesses. With fewer and more centralized banking options, the likelihood of these entities securing financing may be compromised. This study aims to explore the repercussions of this consolidation on entrepreneurial activities in the U.S. Midwest.

Design/methodology/approach

To measure entrepreneurship, this study examines various business application metrics: total applications, high-propensity business applications (i.e. those with a high likelihood of evolving into businesses with payrolls), business applications from corporations (applications stemming from corporations or personal service entities) and applications with planned wages (those indicating a forthcoming payroll date). To assess the banking sector’s consolidation, this study used the deposit-based Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI), a well-known measure of banking concentration.

Findings

This research underscores the detrimental impact of banking consolidation on various new business formations. To illustrate, a one standard deviation surge in the HHI, roughly 1253 points, correlates with a decline of approximately 16 total business applications, 7.3 high-propensity business applications, 3.72 applications originating from corporations and 3 applications indicating planned wages – all per 10,000 individuals. The findings indicate that reduced banking competition could slow down new business formations and negatively affect entrepreneurship.

Originality/value

This study examines various business formation statistics and use deposits at the institution level to determine banking concentration.
Organisational culture and organisational commitment: the moderating effect of self-efficacy
Authors: Opolot Julius Samuel , Lagat Charles , Kipsang Stanley Kipkwelon , Muganzi Yonah Katto
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This study aims at establishing the moderating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between organisational culture (OC) and organisational commitment in the perspective of institutions of higher learning in a developing country.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional design was used to obtain quantitative data from 572 academic staff in eight universities. The sample was selected following a simple random technique. The study data were analysed using SPSS version 23.

Findings

The study findings reveal that OC and self-efficacy influence organisational commitment. Further, self-efficacy moderates the relationship between OC and organisational commitment.

Practical implications

Universities should foster a culture that emphasises collaboration, open communication, inclusion, equity and staff development to increase organisational commitment. In order to build academic staff self-efficacy, universities should provide opportunities for training and development, mentoring, coaching, continuous performance evaluation, and regular feedback to stimulate academic staff's desire to remain committed to the institution. University administrators should look beyond traditional skills and competencies when recruiting future academic staff as their personal beliefs are essential to accelerating organisational commitment.

Originality/value

This study extends the current literature in organisational behaviour and provides a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between OC and organisational commitment using the Competing Values Framework. This study was also conducted in a developing country context, which can always lead to different results than studies conducted in developed countries.
A mediation moderation model between work–family conflict and turnover intention among public and private kindergarten school teachers in China
Authors: Wang Fang , Wang Zhicheng
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The present study aimed to examining the association between work–family conflict and turnover intention by exploring the mediating effect of job satisfaction and the moderating effect of perceived organizational support on preschool teachers in China.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey of 827 preschool teachers was conducted, and the data were analyzed using correlation analysis, hierarchical linear regression and path analysis with a structural equation model.

Findings

The results revealed that work–family conflict was significantly and positively associated with preschool teachers' turnover intention. Job satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between work–family conflict and turnover intention, while perceived organizational support moderated the association between work–family conflict and job satisfaction, thus mitigating the negative impact of work–family conflict on job satisfaction.

Originality/value

These findings contribute to the understanding of turnover among preschool teachers and suggest the need to enhance perceived organizational support to promote job satisfaction and reduce turnover in this profession.
Effect of social media usage on job security through social media disorder and networking behavior: a serial mediation mechanism
Authors: Rajhi Sarra , Asadullah Muhammad Ali , Derbel Walid
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The usage of social media at the workplace has become an undeniable reality, yet the role of social media use (SMU) in job-related outcomes is still unclear. This study uncovers a chain process through which SMU may strengthen job security perception of employees through social media disorder (SMD) and networking behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

This quantitative study used ratings of 197 Emirati students enrolled in a higher education institution located in United Arab Emirates (UAE). The respondents were professionals serving in different public and private organizations in UAE.

Findings

The statistical results supported a significant serial mediation of SMD and networking behavior between SMU and job security perceptions of employees.

Practical implications

This study offers implications for employees and their supervisors about the usage of social media for strengthening their perceptions of job security.

Originality/value

This study contributed to the existing stream of research on SMU to explain a chain process through which employees may benefit from social media to strengthen their perceptions of job security.
Firm's capital structure decisions, asset structure, and firm's performance: application of the generalized method of moments approach
Authors: Priyan P.K. , Nyabakora Wakara Ibrahimu , Rwezimula Geofrey
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The study aims to evaluate the influence of capital structure decisions and asset structure on firms' performance for East African listed nonfinancial firms.

Design/methodology/approach

The research is descriptive and employs secondary data from the East African capital markets' websites. The generalized method of moments approach is used to estimate the relationship due to its ability to account for endogeneity problems.

Findings

The result shows that capital structure decisions and asset structure strongly influence the firms' performance. When long-term debts, short-term debts and tangible fixed assets increase, the return on total assets increases. An increase in the total debt ratio raises the return on equity (ROE). However, the increase in long-term debt lowers the ROE.

Practical implications

The results will help investors and potential investors decide on a financing policy that maximizes performance. Likewise, governments and other policymakers review the capital markets' frameworks to attract institutional and individual investors to the markets for financial availability and to increase profitability.

Originality/value

The research provides evidence on the influence of capital structure decisions and asset structure on firms' performance. Furthermore, its results contribute to firms' financing policy formulation and the corporate finance literature.
Effects of climate variability and hydrological rehabilitation measures on long‐term mangrove trajectories: From reproduction to recruitment and landscape cover changes
Authors: Sánchez‐Núñez David Alejandro , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez J. Alexandra , Mancera Pineda José Ernesto
Published: November 2023

Hydrological rehabilitation is widely used to improve soil conditions and promote passive recovery. However, climate variability that is seldom considered in restoration planning can affect hydrological rehabilitation goals.

We used long‐term observations to assess the effects of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate variability and hydrologic rehabilitation on tree recruitment and landscape cover changes in a South American mangrove complex.

ENSO climate variability and rehabilitation hydrology measure types collectively explained 88%, 90% and 70% of mangrove cover change rates in the whole mangrove system and porewater salinity in basin and riverine sites, respectively. Therefore, major and detrimental rehabilitation measures counterbalanced or reinforced the effects of ENSO phase intensity on the system. In addition, climate variability explained the rates of change of salinity in the basin site (58%).

Porewater salinity, its rates of change and ENSO explained 28%–75% of propagule density and seedling/sapling growth rates ofRhizophora mangle,Laguncularia racemosaandAvicennia germinansin representative basin and riverine sites.

Tree colonization in the basin site, under high irradiance, was triggered by high seedling/saplings diameter growth rates (0.5–1.6 cm year−1) ofL. racemosaandR. manglegenerated by strong porewater salinity drop rates during consecutive La Niña episodes, while widespread tree mortality occurred during a strong El Niño. Tree size categories were more stable to ENSO climate variability in the riverine site.

Synthesis and implications. This study shows that hydrologic rehabilitation effectiveness depended on its influence on freshwater flows and on the effects of ENSO climate variability. ENSO, porewater salinity and its rates of change regulated tree recruitment and landscape cover changes. Thus, besides porewater salinity, rates of change of porewater salinity, light availability and climate variability need to be included in monitoring and mangrove restoration planning to better understand and predict mangrove trajectories. Climate‐smart restoration in mangroves should implement the types of hydrological rehabilitation measures that offset or avoid reinforcing ENSO strong phases.
Could you give me a leg up …? Models, frameworks and support structures to help aspiring clinical academic speech and language therapists
Authors: Harrall Kate , Louise Sinnott Emma , Roebuck Saez Lucy , Clunie Gemma
Published: November 2023

Background

Increasing research capacity and capability for the speech and language therapy (SLT) profession is a key national strategic driver, with many speech and language therapists (SLTs) aspiring to a clinical academic (CA) career. There are known benefits but also acknowledged challenges with this career path, including limited funding opportunities and a poorly established career trajectory.

Aims

To present models, frameworks and support structures that can be used by aspiring SLT CAs to chart research knowledge and skills, and plan career development. Organisational models are also presented to facilitate SLT CA career development and research capacity‐building.

Methods & Procedures

A narrative review was conducted using a literature search of published peer‐reviewed journals across four electronic databases: Medline, CINAHL, AMED and Embase, with additional search for grey literature through internet searches. Search results were screened against eligibility criteria by two researchers, with full‐text articles retrieved and reviewed by four researchers independently.

Results & Discussion

The database search and grey literature search combined identified 610 records. Full‐text screening of 66 records resulted in 19 articles or grey literature sources being included within the narrative review.

Main Contribution

This paper details models, frameworks and support structures pertinent to SLTs that can be used at an individual and organizational level to assist CA skill development and career paths.

Conclusion & Implications

The national climate is looking positive for aspiring SLT CAs. The time is now to take the initiative and use the support structures available to show our CA value and develop the necessary skills outlined within these resources to fulfil our ambitions.

WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS

What is already known on the subject

Interest in CA careers within the SLT profession is increasing. Whilst there are known benefits to embedding research within clinical practice, barriers exist including the strategic and operational steps individuals can take to make the career path a reality.

What this study adds

This narrative review has searched the literature for CA models, frameworks and support structures created for nurses, midwives and allied health professionals. These tools are presented and discussed, with special consideration and focus to the SLT profession.

What are the clinical implications of this work?

This paper will provide SLTs with the tools to support their personal CA career development as well as advocate for CA roles within their teams and organisations. Organisational models are also presented to support SLT managers to foster a CA path for workforce development.
Freshwater plastispheres as a vector for foodborne bacteria and viruses
Authors: Witsø Ingun Lund , Basson Adelle , Vinje Hilde , Llarena Ann‐Katrin , Bringas Carlos Salas , Aspholm Marina , Wasteson Yngvild , Myrmel Mette
Published: November 2023

There is growing evidence that plastic particles can accumulate microorganisms that are pathogenic to humans or animals. In the current study, the composition of the plastispheres that accumulated on polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) pieces submerged in a river in the southeast Norway was characterized by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Seasonal and geographical effects on the bacterial composition of the plastisphere were identified, in addition to the detection of potential foodborne pathogenic bacteria and viruses as part of the plastisphere. The diversity and taxonomic composition of the plastispheres were influenced by the number of weeks in the river, the season, and the location. The bacterial diversity differed significantly in the plastisphere from June and September, with a generally higher diversity in June. Also, the community composition of the plastisphere was significantly influenced by the geographical location, while the type of plastic had less impact. Plastics submerged in river water assembled a variety of microorganisms including potentially pathogenic bacteria and viruses (noro‐ and adenovirus) detected by qPCR. Cultivation methods detected viable bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. The results highlight the need for additional research on the risk of contaminating food with plastic particles colonized with human pathogens through irrigation water.
Biogeochemical characterization of four depleted gas reservoirs for conversion into underground hydrogen storage
Authors: Bassani Ilaria , Bellini Ruggero , Vizzarro Arianna , Coti Christian , Pozzovivo Vincenzo , Barbieri Donatella , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , Verga Francesca , Menin Barbara
Published: November 2023

Depleted gas reservoirs are a valuable option for underground hydrogen storage (UHS). However, different classes of microorganisms, which are capable of using free H2 as a reducing agent for their metabolism, inhabit deep underground formations and can potentially affect the storage. This study integrates metagenomics based on Illumina‐NGS sequencing of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA and dsrB and mcrA functional genes to unveil the composition and the variability of indigenous microbial populations of four Italian depleted reservoirs. The obtained mcrA sequences allow us to implement the existing taxonomic database for mcrA gene sequences with newly classified sequences obtained from the Italian gas reservoirs. Moreover, the KEGG and COG predictive functional annotation was used to highlight the metabolic pathways potentially associated with hydrogenotrophic metabolisms. The analyses revealed the specificity of each reservoir microbial community, and taxonomic and functional data highlighted the presence of an enriched number of taxa, whose activity depends on both reservoir hydrochemical composition and nutrient availability, of potential relevance in the context of UHS. This study is the very first to address the profiling of the microbial population and allowed us to perform a preliminary assessment of UHS feasibility in Italy.
Management of kidney injury in critically ill patients with earthquake‐induced crush syndrome: A case series of 18 patients
Authors: Aslan Murat , Bilgi Deniz Özel
Published: November 2023

İntroduction

It was aimed primarily to analyze the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and treatment management in critically ill patients who developed rhabdomyolysis due to earthquake‐related crush syndrome.

Methods

We evaluated 18 patients with crush syndrome who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after the great earthquake in February 2023 in Turkey.

Results

AKI occurred in 83% (n:15) of these patients after ICU admission (AKI‐1; 16.6% [n:3], AKI‐2; 16.6% [n:3], and AKI‐3; 50% [n:9]). While the majority of patients who developed crush syndrome were treated with high volume intravenous hydration, only 33% (n:6) of all patients required renal replacement therapy. All patients who developed AKI had complete recovery in renal functions at the end of 2 months.

Conclusion

There is no need for routine renal replacement therapy in the treatment of AKI, which is frequently seen in patients with crush syndrome. Most can be treated with high volumes of intravenous fluid.
Interventional oncology in breast cancer
Authors: Orsi Franco
Published: November 2023

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and one of the most important causes of death in women. Surgery is the standard therapy for breast cancer and in the last decades evolved towards a more conservative approach, with lumpectomy, followed by radiation therapy, the most common option. Unfortunately, up to 40% of women affected by BC will develop metastases and will receive systemic therapy, which improves survival and quality of life. Interventional oncology (IO), thanks to the improvement in technology and clinical experience, is gaining an important role in the field of breast cancer, both in treating the primary tumour and also in metastasis in well‐selected cases. Percutaneous thermal ablation and more recently cryoablation are reported to achieve promising results in the radical treatment of small breast cancer, with optimal cosmetic outcome and a very high safety profile. Percutaneous ablation as well as intra‐arterial therapies, such as chemoembolization and radioembolization, might also be indicated in metastatic BC patients. In advanced stage disease, breast cancer liver metastases (BCLM) represent the main factor affecting the overall survival. Metastatic breast disease is a systemic disease, with tumour deposits potentially spread into different organs and tissues for which systemic therapy is the standard approach. Local therapies for liver metastases might have an important role in improving survival and quality of life in well‐selected patients. Clinical and technical indications with their limitations, results and potential complications in local IO treatment for BCLM, will be also described.
ECOGEN: Bird sounds generation using deep learning
Authors: Guei Axel‐Christian , Christin Sylvain , Lecomte Nicolas , Hervet Éric
Published: November 2023

Large‐scale acoustic projects generate vast amounts of data that can now be efficiently processed using deep learning tools. However, these tools often face limitations due to sound labeling and imbalanced sampling. Data augmentation can help overcome such challenges, particularly through the generation of synthetic and lifelike sounds. Synthetic samples can be valuable not only for deep learning but also for species with limited available data. Despite advancements in computer power, sound generation remains a time‐consuming process, even requiring a substantial number of samples.

We present ECOGEN, a novel deep learning approach designed to generate realistic bird songs for biologists and ecologists. The primary objective of ECOGEN is to enhance the number of samples in under‐represented bird song classes, thereby improving the performance and robustness of classifiers in ecological research.The ECOGEN framework employs spectrograms as a representation of bird songs and leverages proven image generation techniques to create new spectrograms, subsequently converted back to digital audio signals. As a class‐agnostic tool, ECOGEN is applicable to a wide range of biophonic sounds, including mammal and insect calls.

We show that adding samples generated by ECOGEN to a bird song classifier improved the classification accuracy by 12% on average and improved results compared with classic data augmentation techniques 80% of the time.

Our approach is both fast and efficient, enabling the generation of synthetic bird songs on standard computing resources. By facilitating the creation of synthetic bird songs, ECOGEN can contribute to the conservation of endangered bird species, while providing valuable insights into their vocalizations, behaviours and habitat preferences. Future development of ECOGEN can be easily implemented and could focus on incorporating additional configurable parameters during the generation phase for increased control over the output, catering to the specific needs of biologists.
Assessment of the biointeractivity of a novel vital pulp therapy agent derived from eggshell biowaste: An in vitro study
Authors: Aksoy Merve , Karadaş Bakirhan Nurgül , Yücel Çiğdem , Atak Demet , Topsakal Kübra Gülnur , Bal Cenkhan
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to assess the calcium (Ca2+) and hydroxyl (OH−) ion‐releasing ability, namely the biointeractivity of eggshell‐derived hydroxyapatite (ESDHA) in comparison with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide (CH). ESDHA, MTA and CH samples (n = 10; 8 × 1.6 mm) were immersed in 10 mL of deionised water (37°C, pH 6.8). Ca2+ and OH− ion releases were detected in 1, 7 and 21 days. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses were also conducted. IBM SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analyses. The cumulative Ca2+ ions (56.22 ± 11.28 ppm) were detected as most significant in ESDHA (day 21; p < 0.05). The OH− ion values of the ESDHA group were statistically higher than MTA and CH (days 1 and 7; p < 0.05). ESDHA and CH showed a similar pattern with sharp peaks in Ca2+, oxygen and carbon elements. ESDHA being a sustainable material with a high ion‐releasing ability may be a preferable alternative to the commercial vital pulp therapy agents.
Identifying women with a disability in Australian maternity services: Time for a change
Authors: Benzie Charlie A. , Newton Michelle S. , McLachlan Helen L. , Forster Della A.
Published: November 2023

It is estimated that over 1 billion people worldwide have a disability. In Australia, 9% of women of childbearing age have a disability, but data on disability status for women accessing maternity services are not routinely collected and data collection processes are inconsistent. Maternal disability may affect perinatal outcomes, but to understand what factors might be amenable to interventions to improve outcomes, accurate data collection on disability status is essential. This opinion piece reflects on disability identification within maternity services in Australia, identifying areas for policy and practice change.
Supporting children's recovery from bushfires: Stakeholders' views about the impact of a community‐based intervention program on children
Authors: McGill Nicole , Curtin Michael , Hodgins Gene , Parnell Tracey , Verdon Sarah , Crockett Judith , Davison Wendy Rose
Published: November 2023

Introduction

A multidisciplinary Bushfire Recovery Program was developed by Royal Far West focused on reducing the short‐ and medium‐term impacts of the 2019‐2020 bushfires in Australia on children’s wellbeing and resilience.

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of the Program’s psychosocial groups on children’s wellbeing and resilience.

Design

A two‐phase mixed method approach was used, involving post‐intervention surveys and interviews of children impacted by the 2019‐2020 bushfires in Australia who participated in the Bushfire Recovery Program, their parents/carers, teachers, and the facilitators of the workshops. Statistical analysis was undertaken with quantitative data and content and thematic analysis of qualitative data.

Findings

Children learnt to talk to and trust adults, share thoughts and experiences with others, recognise they were not alone in their experiences, build connections with peers, understand and manage feelings, and implement strategies that enabled them to cope with change.

Discussion

Psychosocial groups delivered in preschools and schools as part of the Bushfire Recovery Program reportedly led to significant learning and positive impacts for children in the areas of coping, wellbeing, and peer connections. Similar themes occurred across surveys and interviews and findings reflected the perceptions of the children who participated in the groups, and key adults around the children.

Conclusions

Community‐based psychoeducational interventions can provide effective support in the short‐ and medium‐term post‐bushfire for children to develop strategies and skills to enable them to cope with changes and their emotional reactions.
Effects of propylene glycol used at different doses in Akkaraman lambs rations on metabolism‐related parameters and liver gene and protein expression during different feeding periods
Authors: Yakan Akın , Özkan Hüseyin , Kaya Ufuk , Keçeli Hasan Hüseyin , Dalkiran Sevda , Karaaslan Irem , Ünal Necmettin , Akçay Aytaç , Arslan Korhan , Akyüz Bilal , Güngör Güven , Çamdeviren Baran , Küçükoflaz Mehmet , Sariözkan Savaş , Özbeyaz Ceyhan
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to investigate the metabolic effects of propylene glycol (PG) over 60, 90, and 120 days in lambs. Seventy‐two weaned male lambs were allocated into three groups: control (Con), PG1.5 (1.5 mL/kg live weight0.75), and PG3 (3 mL/kg live weight0.75). Blood samples were collected at the beginning and slaughter days. Biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, ALT, AST, LDH, BUN, and insulin) and gene and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), diacylglycerol o‐acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP‐1c) in the liver were determined. Glucose in PG1.5 was increased on Day 60, while significant differences were observed in biochemical parameters except for insulin on the 60, 90, and 120 days. Biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, LDH, and BUN increased over time, while triglycerides decreased. DGAT1 gene and protein levels were lower, while SREBP‐1c and PPARγ were higher in PG groups on Day 60. While SREBP‐1c was lower in PG1.5, ChREBP was higher in PG3 on Day 90. PPARγ, DGAT1, and ChREBP were upregulated in PG3 on Day 120. Positive correlations were found between proteins. The long‐term use of PG in lambs did not have detrimental effects on metabolism. The study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic effects of PG in lambs, shedding light on its potential applications in lamb production.
Use of the universal scan template to achieve a predictable optical impression: Preliminary data of a case series study in complete edentulous patients
Authors: Campana Veronica , Papa Andrea , Silvetti Manuel Amilcare , Del Fabbro Massimo , Testori Tiziano
Published: November 2023

Background

Full‐arch IOS scan of edentulous areas rehabilitated with dental implants is nowadays still described as an unpredictable procedure. To improve the accuracy, a universal scan template (UST®) is proposed in this article. The clinician can easily assemble the template with a mechanical coupling, by matching the scan bodies with objects of known dimension characterized by specific markers. The UST® facilitates the scanning of an entire arch on scan bodies, reducing the learning curve, simplifying acquisition movements, shortening the scanning time, and drastically reducing the risk of distortions and aberrations of the scans.

Materials and Methods

In a case series study on 12 patients, the improvement in the accuracy of the scans with UST® was validated by comparing the STL files derived from scans with and without the guide in place. A titanium bar was produced from each optical impression.

Results

The bars obtained from the optical impressions taken without UST® were found to be nonpassive in the mouth in the majority of the cases. On the contrary with the use of UST® we obtained 12 passive prosthetic rehabilitations.

Conclusions

The proposed solution may represent a valid method to improve the predictability of full arch optical impressions on implants.
Inter‐ and intraindividual variability in virtual single‐tooth implant positioning
Authors: Raabe Clemens , Biel Philippe , Dulla Fabrice A. , Janner Simone F. M. , Abou‐Ayash Samir , Couso‐Queiruga Emilio
Published: November 2023

Objectives

The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the inter‐ and intraindividual variability in virtual single‐tooth implant positioning based on the level of expertise, specialty, total time spent, and the use of a prosthetic tooth setup.

Materials and Methods

Virtual implant planning was performed on matched pre‐ and post‐extraction intraoral scans (IOS), and cone‐beam computed tomography scans of 15 patients. Twelve individual examiners, involving six novices and experts from oral surgery and prosthodontics positioned the implants, first based on anatomical landmarks utilizing only the post‐extraction, and second with the use of the pre‐extraction IOS as a setup. The time for implant positioning was recorded. After 1 month, all virtual plannings were performed again. The individual implant positions were superimposed to obtain 3D deviations using a software algorithm.

Results

An interindividual variability with mean angular, crestal, and apical positional deviations of 3.8 ± 1.94°, 1.11 ± 0.55, and 1.54 ± 0.66 mm, respectively, was found. When assessing intraindividual variability, deviations of 3.28 ± 1.99°, 0.78 ± 0.46, and 1.12 ± 0.61 mm, respectively, were observed. Implants planned by experts exhibited statistically lower deviations compared to those planned by novices. Longer planning times resulted in lower deviations in the experts' group but not in the novices. Oral surgeons demonstrated lower crestal, but not angular and apical deviations than prosthodontists. The use of a setup only led to minor adjustments.

Conclusions

Substantial inter‐ and intraindividual variability exists during implant positioning utilizing specialized software planning. The level of expertise and the time invested influenced the deviations of the implant position during the planning sequence.
Single‐center experience with early liver transplantation for acute alcohol‐related hepatitis—Limitations of the SALT score and directions for future study
Authors: Ivkovic Ana , Nisavic Mladen , Yang Alexander H. , Punko Diana , Aaron Ashley Elizabeth , Keegan Eileen , Bethea Emily D. , Yeh Heidi
Published: November 2023

Alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) is the leading indication for liver transplantation worldwide. Since Mathurin et al. described their experience in providing early liver transplantation for patients with ALD in 2011, other centers have followed suit with generally favorable survival outcomes. This patient population poses a unique clinical challenge given the expedited nature of the evaluation and the lack of any significant sobriety period prior to transplantation. The SALT (Sustained Alcohol Use Post‐Liver Transplant) score is a standardized psychometric tool increasingly used to help stratify the risk of relapse and guide listing decisions for these challenging clinical situations. In 2018, our center introduced a protocol for early liver transplantation for acute alcohol‐related hepatitis (AAH). In this article, we offer a retrospective review of 26 patients transplanted between May 2018 and May 2021, including at least 1‐year follow‐up, and compare outcomes to initial SALT scores; we further identify additional factors that may impact post‐transplant success. As transplant committees continue to weigh the ethical dilemma of denying lifesaving treatment against the obligation to remain stewards of a limited resource, we aim to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of risk regarding early transplantation for ALD.
Market concentration and the relative demand for college‐educated labour
Authors: Akerman Anders
Published: November 2023

If large firms employ relatively more educated workers, will an increase in market concentration increase income inequality by raising the relative demand for skill? I use Swedish employer–employee data from 1997–2016 and find a strong correlation between firm size and the share of college‐educated (‘skilled’) workers. An increase in a sector's market concentration is correlated with a higher skilled wage premium and higher relative employment of skilled workers. This is due mainly to the reallocation of workers across firms. I demonstrate how these findings can be explained by a model of heterogeneous firms where productivity and skill intensity are positively correlated.
Joint object contour points and semantics for instance segmentation
Authors: Zhang Wenchao , Fu Chong , Zhu Mai , Cao Lin , Tie Ming , Sham Chiu‐Wing
Published: November 2023

The edges of objects are of great significance to the task of instance segmentation. However, most of the current popular deep neural networks do not pay much attention to the object edge information. More importantly, using the down‐sampling pooling layer in the deep learning network, the edge detail information of the object will be lost. To address this issue, inspired by the manual annotation process, we propose Mask Point R‐CNN aiming at promoting the neural network's attention to the object boundary. Specifically, we introduce the auxiliary task of object contour point detection on the Mask R‐CNN framework, which can effectively improve the gradient flow between different tasks by multi‐task learning and repairing objects' boundary information via feature fusion. Consequently, the model can be more sensitive to the edges of the object and capture more geometric features. Quantitatively, the experimental results show that our Mask Point R‐CNN outperforms vanilla Mask R‐CNN by 3.8% on the Cityscapes dataset and 0.8% on the COCO dataset.