bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The resistence of conditioned enamel to the effect of cariogenic solution
Authors: Dacic Stefan , Dacic-Simonovic Dragica , Radicevic Goran
Published: November 2008

INTRODUCTION Enamel surface around restoration is very sensitive to the effect of cariogenic solution. It is the consequence of the manner the cavity is prepared before restoration, the existence of marginal cracks around restoration, that is, irregular polishing of filling. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to analyze the morphology of the marginal enamel surface around composite fifth class restoration after the application of cariogenic solution. METHOD In this study 28 extracted molars were used. After the V class preparation of the buccal crown surface, teeth samples were divided into two groups. The first group was restored with the composite system Single Bond +Z250, applying the total etching technique. The second group was restorated with Prompt L-pop +Z250 and by applying self-etching primers. After the cavity restoration, teeth samples were kept in demineralising solution (lactic acid, pH 4.5, 0.1 M) at the temperature of 37?C during 7 and 28 days. Control group samples were kept in distilled water during the experiment. The marginal enamel surface analysis was done by a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS The achieved results showed that there was a denivelation and severe demineralization of the perimarginal enamel zone after 7 and 28 days, while on the remaining enamel there were some minor changes. Along the marginal composite/ enamel joint there was the central type of demineralization of enamel prisms and preserved inter prismatic enamel. The existence of pores of different sizes and scattered enamel fractures was established. The marginal joint was mostly without any gaps in the first group samples, while in the second group samples there were narrow or wider edge gaps. CONCLUSION After the application of cariogenic solution, perimarrginal enamel showed conspicuous morphological damage in comparison to the remaining enamel surface.
Disease relapses after radical radiotherapy of prostate cancer: Analysis of prognostic factors
Authors: Josifovski Tatjana , Radosevic-Jelic Ljiljana , Tulic Cane , Milosevic Aleksandar
Published: November 2008

INTRODUCTION Although there is no consensus on which is the best option in prostate cancer treatment, these patients could be successfully treated with radiotherapy. Regarding some prognostic factors, it is possible today to classify prostate cancer patients into several risk groups for clinical and biochemical relapse, and therefore to choose the right treatment modality. OBJECTIVE The objective in our study was to analyze the impact of tumor stage and grade, previous transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR), initial prostate specific antigen (PSA) level and age on disease relapse after radical radiotherapy of the prostate cancer. METHOD Between January 1991 and December 2005, a clinical, retrospective study was performed at the Radiotherapy Department of the Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, which included 283 patients with prostate cancer treated only with radical radiotherapy. During regular follow-up we analyzed response to treatment and disease relapse. RESULTS After radical radiotherapy disease relapse more often occurred (with statistical significance) in patients with locally advanced tumor (stage C 35% vs. A 13% vs. B 19%), low tumor grade (grade III 38% vs. grade II 23% vs. grade I 17%), initial PSA level over 10 ng/ml (29%) and over 20 ng/ml (37%) compared to 11% in the patients with initial PSA level below10 ng/ml, and patients of lower age (less than 55 years 50% vs. 16% in patients over 70 years). CONCLUSION Tumor stage C, low tumor grade (grade II-III), initial PSA level over 10 ng/ml (over 20 ng/ml) and younger age are poor prognostic factors for disease relapse. In this case, radiotherapy as monotherapy is not an adequate approach, and it needs to be combined with other therapeutic modalities.
Serum inhibin B in polycystic ovary syndrome as a potential marker of ovarian dysfunction
Authors: Cetkovic Aleksandar
Published: November 2008

INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of anovulation, infertility and hyperandrogenism, and the prevalence of this condition in women of reproductive is 5-10%. The growth of early ovarian antral follicles is arrested and dominant follicle selection is disturbed in this syndrome. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate whether inhibin B serum concentrations represent the extent of ovarian abnormalities in patients with PCOS. METHOD Inhibin B serum concentrations on the third day of spontaneous menstrual cycle and other endocrine characteristics were compared between 20 patients with PCOS and 19 healthy women in the control group. RESULTS Inhibin B concentrations were not significantly different between women with PCOS and women in the control group. In patients with PCOS there was statistically significant correlation between serum inhibin B and LH (r=0.514; p=0.021). There were no positive correlations between inhibin B and others endocrine parameters in patients with PCOS (FSH, E2, T, androstenedione). CONCLUSION Inhibin B serum concentrations on the third day of spontaneous menstrual cycle in women with PCOS are not different from the concentrations in healthy women. Serum Inhibin B levels in patients with PCOS are only slightly correlated with the endocrine markers of the disease so it could not represent the magnitude of ovarian dysfunction in this syndrome.
Score system: Potential uses and application in the assessment of results in Colles' fractures
Authors: Cvetkovic Voja , Lesic Aleksandar
Published: November 2008

INTRODUCTION Colles' fractures are the most common fractures of the human skeleton, especially in winter and in menopausal women. OBJECTIVE The objective of the paper was to provide an overview of the potential uses of the Gartland-Werley (G-W) scoring system, that is, of its elements (residual deformities, subjective discomfort, objective discomfort and complications) in assessing the results of the Colles' fractures treatment; as well as to determine which of these elements - and to what extent - have an impact on the final result of the scoring system and what correlations exist within the G-W scoring system itself. METHOD Our paper included 102 patients suffering from Colles' fractures treated non-operatively with a minimum follow- up period of one year. The Gartland-Werley scoring system was used to assess the results of the non-operative treatment. RESULTS The results, when applying the G-W score, were excellent in 40, good in 46, satisfactory in 14, and poor in 2 patients at the end of the assessment. The G-W score elements had the following percentages in the scoring results: residual deformities 15.38%, subjective discomfort 15.38%, objective discomfort (functional results) 43.58%, and complications 25.64%. The correlation analysis showed a statistically significant correlation of the residual deformities and the total G-W score (p<0.01) at the level of subjective discomfort and total G-W score (p<0.01), and between objective discomfort and total G-W score at the same level. CONCLUSION Colles' fractures, as the most common fractures in humans, require a special approach and adequate assessment of final treatment results, because inadequate treatment results in the reduction of patients' daily activities and their ability to work.
Health-related quality of life of general practitioners - family physicians in South-eastern Europe
Authors: Lapcevic Mirjana , Gvozdenovic Branislav , Stankovic Suzana
Published: November 2008

Introduction An insight into the health-related quality of life (HRQL) provides information on the extent of activities and everyday functioning restriction by deteriorated health. Objective The purpose of the paper was to analyze the HRQL of general practitioners-family physicians of the Southeastern Europe and compare it with HRQL of controls, the subjects of the same educational background, geographical area, sex and age, but different working activities. Method The study "Health-related quality of life of general practitioners-family physicians in the South-eastern Europe" (HERQUL study) was performed in Serbia, Republic of Srpska, Montenegro, Macedonia and Bulgaria during February- September 2004. Study instrument was a standardized generic questionnaire for the measurement of HRQL SF-36, which subject's health status assesses across eight different domains. Results The study included 1141 doctors (337 male and 804 female) and the same number of controls. The deteriorated physical health affected HRQL of controls, but more significantly of physicians. The deteriorated mental health affected HRQL of both physicians and controls regardless of age and sex. The lowest HRQL scores of physicians due to lowered vitality was reported in all studied countries, excluding subjects from Montenegro. Better social functioning HRQL domain was recorded in males regardless of profession. The deteriorated physical and mental health as well as social functioning mostly influenced HRQL of physicians aged 55-59, and in controls this applied to those older than 60, regardless of sex. Emotional health HRQL domain scores were better in the control group than in physicians, regardless of sex. Conclusion Studies of physicians' HRQL, particularly doctors of general practitioners-family physicians, are scarce. The results of the HERQUL study could be the impetus to obtain support for the improvement of HRQL of this important group of health professionals from the relevant government institutions.
Hepatosplenic candidiasis in acute leukemia patients
Authors: Rajic Zoran , Colovic Natasa , Sretenovic Mirjana , Plecic Mira , Jankovic Snezana , Bakrac Milena , Colovic Milica
Published: November 2008

INTRODUCTION Hepatosplenic candidiasis is a disseminated invasive fungal infection that may affects patients with acute leukemia. The main clinical manifestation is a persistent fever in patients recovered from prolonged neutropenia after recent chemotherapy. CASE OUTLINE The authors present three patients, two women and one men, aged 23, 26 and 33 years, with acute leukemia; one with acute myeloblastic and two with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed hepatosplenic candidiasis. The diagnosis was based on prolonged fever, elevated serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase, as well as characteristic lesions on computed tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance and ultrasonographic findings and positive blood culture in one patient. The antifungal treatment was successful in one patient only. Two patients died due to progression of leukemia. CONCLUSION If leukemia patient in remission after chemotherapy develops a prolonged fever of unknown origin, hepatosplenic candidiasis has to be considered and all efforts should be done to diagnose it. The diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and imaging techniques. The positive cultures of fungi are not usually possible and are not mandatory. The antifungal treatment may be prolonged, sometimes 2 to 3 months or even more.
The role of cytokine in regulation of the natural killer cell activity
Authors: Jurisic Vladimir , Stojacic-Djenic Sladjana , Colovic Natasa , Konjevic Gordana
Published: November 2008

Natural killer (NK) cells are characterized by a CD3-CD16+ CD56+ immunophenotype and have a central role in the innate immune system. They are defined by their capacity to kill certain tumor-target cells or virus infected cells without prior sensitization or MHC-restriction. The activity of the NK cells is determined by the balance between activation and inhibitory receptor molecules expressed on the surface of NK cells. However, several cytokines and chemokines can significantly modulate their activity, inducing increase of NK cell activity. Immunomodulation mediated by NK cells is very important mechanism in tumor immunity, as well as in other immunodepressions of the immune system. In this study, we summarize the role of several cytokines, including IFN, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-12 and IL-17, on NK cell function. The NK cells, after activation, depending on cytokine environment, can differentiate into NK1 cells that produce Th1 cytokine type (IFN-?, IL-2, IL-12) or NK2 cells that produce Th2 type cytokines, enhance exocytosis and release of previously formed molecules from NK cells (granzyme, perforin). We also describe that the release of cytokines and mediators show local or distance effects, or induce apoptosis (mostly by secreted TNF-?) after binding appropriated killer cell receptors from TNF receptor superfamily.
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: Diagnostics and contemporary treatment
Authors: Vukasinovic Zoran , Vucetic Cedomir , Spasovski Dusko , Zivkovic Zorica
Published: November 2008

Legg-Calv?-Perthes disease represents avascular necrosis of the femoral head in a growing child. It commonly affects children aged 2-14 years, mostly boys, and has familiar pattern. The etiology of this disease is unknown. It is based on avascular necrosis due to variations of the femoral head vascular supply, trauma, coagulation of endocrine disturbances. The disease presents with limping and pain localized in the hip with projection to thigh and knee, frequently accompanied by the limitation of abduction and internal rotation, as well as slight limitation in flexion of about 20 degrees. Plain radiography is most informative additional diagnostic procedure, enabling assessment of the stage of disease, containment of the femoral head within the acetabulum, acetabular coverage and the extent of disease. Main treatment goal is obtaining the spherical congruity of the hip joint. This can be achieved by abduction bracing, varization femoral osteotomies and various innominate osteotomies (sometimes combined with femoral osteotomies). Children younger than four years of age, with minimal femoral head involvement, do not need any treatment. These children with a larger involvement, older than four years of age, with possible containment in hip abducion, should be treated by one of the following procedures: Salter innominate osteotomy, Salter innominate osteotomy with femoral shortening, or triple pelvic osteotomy. The patients with containment of the hip is not possible in abduction (related to subluxation and femoral head crush), should be treated by Chiari pelvic osteotomy.
Bibliografija Ninoslave Radosevic
Authors: Dzelebdzic Dejan
Published: November 2008

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Izreke i citati u Amijanovom portretisanju cara Julijana
Authors: Milin Milena
Published: November 2008

(francuski) Dans L'Histoire d'Ammien Marcellin on rencontre souvent des citations des personnalit?s c?l?br?s, aussi bien grecques que romaines, mais aussi des sentences populaires, des dictons et des locutions. Leur r?le est multiple et varie. Ils apparaissent souvent comme ironie, mais ?galement pour t?moigner de l'?rudition de l'auteur ou bien tout simplement pour donner de la fra?cheur a la narration en respectant le principe de d?lecter. Les citations qui contribuent aux caract?res (cf. nn. 9-11) dans Res gestae surtout celui de l'empereur Julien, sont tr?s importantes. Etant donne que Julien prenait pour model? Alexandre le Grand (nn. 20-22), l'auteur s'emploie a montrer Julien comme un personnage digne de son grand pr?d?cesseur. Ammien r?alise la comparaison entre son h?ros et le roi mac?donien plus souvent par des moyens stylistiques, tels que chria, que directement et explicitement. C'est pourquoi il note les anecdotes sur Alexandre et les plaisanteries d'Alexandre (n. 25), pour appliquer ensuite le m?me proc?d? a Julien. Cela devient d'autant plus ?vident du fait que le jeune souverain aimait lui aussi a employer des sentences et des citations, ce qui est confirme par les textes de l'empereur, tels que Misopogon (n. 27). Les citations d'Alexandre faites par Julien am?nent le lecteur a penser que ces deux souverains se ressemblent. Mais, bien que les comparaisons directes soient importantes, les associations indirectes qu'Ammien provoque chez les lecteurs, ont un poids pareil, sinon plus grand encore. En comparaison avec les portraits des autres empereurs, il semble que c'est justement l'emploi plus fr?quent de chria et du paradigme qui caract?rise le proc?d? par lequel Ammien donne le portrait du principal personnage de son Histoire. .
Gregory of Nazianzus's De rebus suis and the tradition of epic didactic poetry
Authors: Milovanovic Celica
Published: November 2008

Gregory's poem De rebus suis (Carm.2.1.1) is examined in this article from the point of view both of its content and of its literary and stylistic features. In content, the poem is personal and reflexive, and its central theme appears to be a crisis of faith that its author had experienced in his later years. In form, it has all the characteristics of the epic didactic genre: it is metaphrastic in nature (i.e., it turns prose material into verse form); it is written in the archaizing epic language; it makes use of the modified Homeric simile (the so-called multiple correspondence simile); and it carefully avoids the use of specific liturgical terms and expressions replacing them instead with various poetic paraphrases. The overall conceptual simplicity of the poem is generic too, and it may have been modeled on the earliest known representative of the genre, Hesiod's Works and Days. .
Corrigenda: Drobeta - Debrecin - Turn Severin
Authors: Popovic Aleksandar
Published: November 2008

(francuski) Le commentaire accompagnant l'?dition de l'?uvre de Procope De aedificiis dans la c?l?br? ?dition Tusculum des auteurs antiques identifie a tort l'antique Drobeta (a l'emplacement de l'actuelle Turnu Severin en Roumanie) avec Debrecin en Hongrie. Cette m?me erreur appara?t ?galement dans deux articles, respectivement de l'?dition abr?g?e et de la nouvelle ?dition de l'encyclop?die Pauly - Wissowa. Ce travail se propose donc d'attirer l'attention sur cette identification erron?e en vue de sa rectification, car a force de r?p?tition, cette erreur pourrait devenir un fait acquis, a plus forte raison, au vu d'une tendance, parmi les auteurs modernes, a reprendre les textes les uns des autres sans proc?der aux v?rifications d'usage dans les sources ?crites. .
Porfirogenitnost u Vizantiji u doba Komnina
Authors: Stankovic Vlada
Published: November 2008

(francuski) La conception de la naissance dans la pourpre et la fa?on de calculer la porphyrog?n?se de quelqu'un ont consid?rablement ?t? modifi?es a l'?poque du r?gne de la dynastie des Comn?nes. Un nombre important des membres de cette famille qui depuis le r?gne d'Alexis Comn?ne ?tait ne dans la pourpre, mais aussi leur antagonisme mutuel, ont contribue a la modification de la conception de la porphyrog?n?se et la naissance de l'id?e sur la lign?e d?tach?e, la lign?e imp?riale pourpre, qui avait joue un r?le important dans l'id?ologie politique en Byzance et les ?tats avoisinants. .
O crkvi Svetog Nikole u Prilepu
Authors: Korac Vojislav
Published: November 2008

(francuski) Nonobstant ses modestes dimensions, l'?glise Saint-Nicolas a Prilep est consid?r?e comme un remarquable monument et, a ce titre, a souvent retenu l'attention de chercheurs s'?tant int?resses tant a son architecture qu'a sa d?coration murale. De construction relativement ?lev?e, elle offre une partie inferieure en pierre non taill?e au-dessus de laquelle s'?l?vent des fa?ades rehauss?es d'une riche d?coration c?rame-plastique. Cet aspect ext?rieur, ainsi que les restes de fresques datant de deux ?poques diff?rentes ont incite les chercheurs a conclure que la partie sup?rieure de l'?difice a ?t? ?rig?e sur les murs d'une ancienne ?glise. L'auteur de ces lignes, qui a lui aussi aborde ce point (v. note 8), s'int?resse ici plus particuli?rement aux valeurs g?n?rales de cette ?glise, et en particulier a sa finition ext?rieure et ses fa?ades qui peuvent ?tre compar?es avec celles des plus remarquables monuments de l'architecture byzantine tardive. Quant a la question de savoir s'il s'agit ici d'un ou deux ?difices successifs seules des recherches arch?ologiques pourraient lui apporter une r?ponse d?finitive. Il n'en apparait pas moins que cette ?glise, et notamment sa partie sup?rieure, relev? d'une remarquable r?alisation architecturale. Pour cette raison, outre les fresques de grande qualit? ornant ses murs, il s'agit assur?ment d'un monument qui contribue grandement a l'aspect pittoresque de la ville de Prilep. Aux fins d'illustrer au mieux ces constatations, cet article est illustre par plusieurs dessins r?alises d'apr?s l'id?e de l'auteur. .
The Chadenos affair: Pachymeres, book I, chapters 5-6
Authors: Bartusis Mark
Published: November 2008

The author offers an interpretation of a passage from the history of George Pachymeres involving the fate of the highlanders of Asia Minor under Michael VIII Palaiologos during the 1260s. Contrary to the opinion of numerous scholars, these men were not transformed into pronoia soldiers but into mercenaries. .
'Drugi' u iskazu srpskih hagiografa - primer Teodosijevih zitija
Authors: Marjanovic-Dusanic Smilja
Published: November 2008

(francuski) Dans cet article on essayera de d?finir le champ de l'alt?rite chez les auteurs de Moyen Age, en s'int?ressant a un seul aspect de la r?alit? de l'autre dans le monde m?di?val: celui qui apparait dans les hagiographies. Pour illustrer le ph?nom?ne de l'alt?rite dans le genre hagiographique, on a choisi d'analyser les Vies de Th?odose, ?crites au sein du monast?re de Chilandar au d?but du XIV si?cle. Le but de recherche est de r?pondre ici a deux questions: Qui est 'l'autre' dans les t?moignages de l'hagiographie serbe? Quel est le rapport de l'auteur du r?cit hagiographique au domaine de l'alt?rite?. .
Natural persons (individuals) and legal persons (entities) in Serbian medieval law
Authors: Sarkic Srdjan
Published: November 2008

In this paper the author is exposing the concept of natural persons (individuals) and legal persons (entities) in Serbian mediaeval law. The terms glava (head, caput, kephal?), or sometimes kapa (cap, hood) are used in Serbian legal sources to designate natural persons (individuals). In Serbian mediaeval law, it was mostly churches and monasteries that had the trait of legal persons (entities). Beside them, towns, villages, counties and districts, had some characteristics of legal persons.
'Nicolaus Notarius Parserini': A supplement to knowing about the institution of the nomik in medieval Serbia
Authors: Bubalo Djordje
Published: November 2008

The sources that refer to nomiks, the notaries of medieval Serbia, are scarce. Therefore, any new item of information discovered about them is invaluable. (All the known data about the nomiks and their documents have been collected and analyzed in the study by Dj. Bubalo, The Serbian Nomiks Special Editions of the Institute for Byzantine Studies of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bk. 29, Belgrade 2004) A document in Latin from Kotor (1368), which I obtained through the kindness of academician Sima Cirkovic, mentions Nicolaus notarius Parserini and his instrumentum publicum. The instrumentum of Nikola the 'notary' is a court ruling pronounced by the Serbian king, Vukasin, in a dispute between two inhabitants of Kotor regarding an unpaid debt. The verdict was pronounced in Prizren on November 1, 1367. In Latin and Italian sources, there is only one instance of a Serbian nomik being called a notary, in a Dubrovnik document dating from 1403 - notar de Nouaberda. Nicolaus notarius Parserini would be the other known case. It is very likely that Nicolaus notarius Parserini was the same person as the Namik? Nikola?d Mat?r? Bozi? prizr?n?sk? (nomik Nikola of the Blessed Virgin of Prizren), known to scientific circles from 1872, when the only surviving document by him was published. The fact that the name, the town and the period are identical, and that the person was a notary, supports this assumption. Nikola was the nomik of the Prizren Metropolitanate. The data in the Kotor document indicates that church nomiks wrote out documents dealing with legal affairs not only connected with the Church but also where the participants were laymen. Before the discovery of this document, by analogy with the competences of the Byzantine church nomiks, the aforesaid was only assumed to be a possibility. The people of Kotor were strictly forbidden by their city statute to take their mutual disputes to the court of the Serbian ruler. That is why the person found guilty in the court of King Vukasin presented a lawsuit against his compatriot in Kotor. The principal evidence of culpability was the verdict pronounced by the court of King Vukasin, which was written in Prizren by the nomik, Nikola. It is known that the documents of the Serbian nomiks had no weight as evidence in the Adriatic coastal communities, where the western type of notary prevailed. Similarly, the people of Kotor were forbidden in their mutual disputes to present Serbian documents as the means of proof. The use of a document written by a nomik, as evidence in the dispute between the two inhabitants of Kotor, did not represent a violation of this ban. The ruling by the court of King Vukasin in this case, did not serve the party in the dispute to prove his rights. Here, it was a kind of corpus delicti, 'an object' that proved culpability.
Areopagitova simvolika covecjeg tela u prevodu inoka Isaije
Authors: Trifunovic Djordje
Published: November 2008

(francuski) Isaija, moine serbe ?rudit, ermite et r?novateur de plusieurs monast?res du Mont Athos, a ach?ve, peu de temps ?pres la bataille de la Maritza (1371), la traduction du grec en ancien serbe, de tous les ?crits du Pseudo-Denys Ar?opagite (Corpus Areopagiticum). Outre le texte principal de l'Ar?opagite, il a ?galement traduit toutes les interpr?tations et scholies de Maxime le Confesseur. Ce travail d'Isaija a tr?s rapidement connu une forte diffusion parmi les Slaves orthodoxes. En attestent plus de soixante-dix copies, de r?daction serbe, russe ou bulgare, aujourd'hui conserv?es. Parmi celles-ci la plus ancienne est celle conserv?e dans la Biblioth?que nationale de Russie a Saint-P?tersbourg (collection A.F. Hilferding, n? 46), avec ses filigranes de 1370-1371. Un groupe de slavistes de Berlin et de Saint-P?tersbourg ont entrepris, il y a de cela d?j? une dizaine d'ann?es, la pr?paration en commun de la publication de ce manuscrit. Celle-ci devrait voir le jour sous forme de cinq tomes. Ce groupe de chercheurs consid?re, entre autre, que le manuscrit de la collection de Hilferding est un texte autographe du moine Isaija. Toutefois, d?j? en 1980 l'auteur de ce travail a montre dans son ouvrage consacre au moine Isaija que ce manuscrit ne saurait ?tre autographe, pour la raison qu'on y reconna?t deux ?critures. Il est bien sur toujours possible que l'une d'elles soit d'Isaija. En tout ?tat de cause, ce dilemme sera r?solu lorsque para?tront les photocopies de l'ensemble du manuscrit qui compte 329 feuilles. Le principe suivi par Isaija dans son activit? de traducteur ?tait qu'il fallait donner une traduction la plus fid?le possible, c'est-a-dire mot a mot, en rendant chaque morph?me, etc., raison expliquant la difficult? de comprendre aujourd'hui le texte d'Isaija. A titre d'exemple, nous reproduisons dans ce travail un article de l'essai intitule Sur la hi?rarchie c?leste (XV, ? 3). Cet essai est accompagne d'un lexique serbe-slave - grec, puis de sa traduction en serbe moderne.
Tanatologija Georgija Gemista Plifona
Authors: Medvedev Igor
Published: November 2008

(ruski) Traktovka vizantijcami smerti i togo, cto ozidaet celoveka za predelami zemnogo suscestvovanija, byla poroju ves'ma daleka ot cerkovnogo ucenija, nosila fakticeski a-hristianskij harakter. Odin iz naibolee jarkih primerov etogo javlenija - tanatologija pozdnevizantijskogo filosofa-neoplatonika Georgija Gemista Plifona, ego vzgljady na problemu smerti i samoubijstva, kotoroe rodnit celoveka s bozestvom. Odnako, vsja filosofija Plifona obrascena v buduscee, pronizana optimizmom. Skoree vsego eta ideja sla ne ot Platona, a ot stoikov.
The Byzantine historiography on the state of Serbian despots
Authors: Nikolic Maja
Published: November 2008

The four Byzantine historians of 'the Fall' of the Byzantine Empire, Doucas Chalcocondyles, Sphrantzes and Critobulos, as well as the Byzantine short chronicles, bring many news concerning Serbian history of the first half of the XV century. Although almost all of them refer to the Serbian political history of the period, they also imply that Serbia was a state, having its own territory, ethnicity, government, diplomacy, army and economic resources.
Mehmed II, 'The Conqueror', in Byzantine short chronicles and old Serbian annals, inscriptions, and genealogies
Authors: Korac Dusan , Radic Radivoj
Published: November 2008

This article analyzes how Byzanitne Short Chronicles and Old Serbian Annals Inscriptions, and Genealogies depicted sultan Mehmed II, 'The Conqueror'. These sources are similar in character, as a genre belong to medieval popular literature, and reflect in its peculiar way the 'public opinion' of the Byzantines and the Serbs, two of the conquered nations under the Ottoman rule. The sultan was in narrow focus of anonymous chronicle writers who concisely and precisely, recorded important events of his life, above all his military successes. On rare occasions they dared enter next to his name negative qualifications, even outright rude insults. However, painfully aware in whose empire they all lived, they sometimes used the years of Mehmed's rule to date personal events in their own lives.
Relation of Dispositional Optimism with Burnout among Athletes
Authors: Chen Lung Hung , Kee Ying Hwa , Tsai Ying-Mei
Published: November 2008

Optimism is important in enhancing human psychological and physical well-being; however, the association of optimism with burnout has received little attention in sport psychology. This study recruited 139 young volleyball players ( M = 16.3 yr., SD = 0.8) to examine this relation. Athletes completed the Chinese version of the Life Orientation Test at Time 1 and 4 mo. later (Time 2). The Chinese version of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire was also administered. Analysis showed scores on optimism were negatively related to athletes' burnout scores.
Dream Recall Frequency in a Representative German Sample
Authors: Schredl Michael
Published: November 2008

The present study investigated the effects of sociodemographic variables on dream recall frequencies in a representative sample of 931 persons over 14 years of age. Analyses indicated that age, sex, and the size of the place of residence had small but significant effects: women and inhabitants of large cities tend to report dreams more often than men and residents of small towns. There was also a decline in dream-recall frequency with age. The explained variance, however, was small.
Experience with a Computer Word-Entry Method in Processing Chinese Characters by Fluent Typists
Authors: Chen Jenn-Yeu , Chuang Chun-Yu
Published: November 2008

A 2003 study by Green and Bavelier showed that action video-game playing modified the visual selective attention of habitual players so the present hypothesis was whether processing of Chinese characters became more phonologically or orthographically oriented depending on whether participants were experienced typing with the phonological ( zhuyin) or the orthographic ( changjie) word-entry method. In Exp. 1, 38 changjie and 40 zhuyin users typed a short text on a computer using the word-entry method they had experienced. Every keystroke was recorded, and typing errors were categorized. In Exp. 2, 25 changjie and 25 zhuyin users had to circle all characters which contained a predesignated radical when they read a short passage. In Exp. 3, 25 changjie and 20 zhuyin users heard pairs of syllables and had to decide whether the two syllables in a pair shared the same onset consonant in one block of trials or the same rhyme in another block of trials. Analysis showed participants with extensive experience using phonological typing displayed more phonologically related typing errors, better sensitivity to the onset and rhyme of a syllable, but poorer sensitivity to the radical of a character. Participants with extensive experience using orthographic typing displayed opposite results. Although the general cognitive system might be similar in the two groups of participants, the specific configuration of the system can vary to meet the demand of a particular design of the artifactual environment.
Assessing Executive Functions in Traumatic Brain Injury: An Exploratory Study of the Executive Interview
Authors: Larson Eric B. , Duff Kevin M. , Leahy Brian , Wilde Mark C.
Published: November 2008

Executive dysfunction is a frequent sequela of traumatic brain injury. Two correlational studies using samples of inpatients and outpatients diagnosed with traumatic brain injury were undertaken to evaluate the validity of a bedside screening test of executive functioning, the 1992 Executive Interview EXIT 25 by Royall, Mahurin, and Gray. In the first study of 23 inpatients receiving rehabilitation, the EXIT 25 was strongly related to both the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination. In the second study of 20 outpatients, the EXIT 25 correlated with other executive function measures and with ratings of functional disability at discharge, although a ceiling effect raised questions about its utility for patients with mild to moderate disability. Further study of the EXIT 25 is justified with a larger sample of inpatients, although caution should be exercised when using the EXIT 25 in mildly impaired outpatients.
Provisional Norms by Age Group for Japanese Females on the Controlled Force-Exertion Test Using a Bar-Chart Display
Authors: Nagasawa Yoshinori , Demura Shinichi
Published: November 2008

This study examined age-group and individual differences on the controlled force-exertion test by bar-chart display and proposed a provisional norm in 249 females who were right-handed and ages 15 to 84 years. The subjects matched their submaximal grip strength to changing demand values, appearing as a bar chart on the display of a personal computer. The subjects performed the controlled force-exertion test three times with 1-min. intervals (single trials were 40 sec), after one practice trial using the dominant hand. A total of the differences (%) between the demand value and the grip-exertion value for 25 sec. was used as an evaluation parameter. The measurements showed a right-skewed distribution, normalized after logarithmic transformation. Analysis of variance identified significant differences between means of each age group; test performance decreased after 40 years of age. Norms for each age group were presented.
Enumeration Produces Poor Primacy for Tactile Presentation Relative to Visual and Auditory Presentation as the Only Modality Effect
Authors: Gibbons Jeffrey A. , Velkey Andrew J. , Partin Kathren T.
Published: November 2008

Methodological biases may help explain the modality effect, which is superior recall of auditory recency (end of list) items relative to visual recency items. In 1985 Nairne and McNabb used a counting procedure to reduce methodological biases, and they produced modality-like effects, such that recall of tactile recency items was superior to recall of visual recency items. The present study extended Nairne and McNabb's counting procedure and controlled several variables which may have enhanced recall of tactile end items or disrupted recall of visual end items in their study. Although the results of the present study indicated general serial position effects across tactile, visual, and auditory presentation modalities, the tactile condition showed lower recall for the initial items in the presentation list than the other two conditions. Moreover, recall of the final list item did not differ across the three presentation modalities; modality effects were not found. These results did not replicate the findings of Nairne and McNabb, or much of the past research showing superior recall of auditory recency items. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Oral Cavity Awareness in Nonnative Speakers Acquiring English
Authors: Lohman Patricia
Published: November 2008

This investigation assessed awareness of the oral cavity of nonnative speakers acquiring English. University students (60 men, 60 women) were placed into three equal-size groups. The Less Experienced group lived in the USA less than 6 mo. ( M = 3.3 mo., SD = 2.4). The More Experienced group lived in the United States 3 or more years ( M = 5.0 yr., SD = 1.9). Native English speakers were the control group. Participants were recruited from undergraduate general education classes and passed a speech screening in English including accurate production of the seven English syllables tested, namely, suh, luh, tuh, kuh, ruh, shuh, and thuh. Participants answered four multiple-choice questions about lingual contact for each of the syllables imitated. Total test mean scores were significantly higher for the More Experienced group. Native speakers performed the task best. Findings support the effects of amount of time speaking the language. Training methods employed to teach English and slight dialectal variations may account for the significant differences seen in the two groups of nonnative speakers. Further study is warranted.
Utility of Habituation–Dishabituation Procedure for Comparative Cognitive Studies of Callithrix Jacchus and Aotus spp.: Preliminary Assessments
Authors: Kaneko Takaaki , Tomonaga Masaki
Published: November 2008

The utility of the habituation–dishabituation procedure was examined in the common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus) and the owl monkeys ( Aotus spp.). The same movies were repeatedly shown to monkeys during an habituation phase, followed by a test phase during which monkeys were presented with a different movie. The time monkeys spent looking at the movie gradually decreased during the habituation phase and then significantly increased when they were presented the new movie. The limited findings indicate that these monkeys were sensitive to the habituation–dishabituation paradigm, suggesting that this procedure might be used to assess cognition and perception.
Person-Centered Support and Athletes' Motivation for Performance
Authors: Patsiaouras Asterios
Published: November 2008

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of person-centered intervention on motivation for athletic performance. 74 volleyball players, 24 boys and 50 girls ( M age = 13 yr., SD= 1.0), completed a motivation questionnaire, the Leistungs Motivations Test für Jugendlichen prior to and after an 8-mo. group treatment that included the application of Roger's person-centered method to the participants of the experimental group (1 boys' team n = 12; 1 girls' team n = 11), at a frequency of at least one session per week. In the control group (1 boys' team n = 12; 3 girls' teams n = 39), no particular method was used apart from the pedagogical methods that coaches selected. Results revealed a statistically significant decrease in boys' scores on desire for performance and success between the pre- and posttest measurements. No significant change in girls' scores was observed. Thus, the 8-mo. treatment using the person-centered method did not improve volleyball players' motivation for performance.
RPE at Relative Intensities after 12 Weeks of Resistance-Exercise Training by Older Adults
Authors: Gearhart Randall F. , Riechman Steven E. , Lagally Kristen M. , Andrews Ryan D. , Robertson Robert J.
Published: November 2008

The constant-RPE tracking model monitors progress over the course of exercise training. During aerobic exercise, prior work using this model has demonstrated similar relative intensities pre- and posttraining, while the absolute workload increases posttraining. However, the prediction equation associated with these changes has not been examined during resistance training. 22 men and 27 women (M age 64 yr.) participated in a 12-wk. resistance training. Orientation determined resistances associated with RPEs of 4, 5–6, 7–8, and 9 on the OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale for each of seven exercises for each participant. Individuals trained 3 days a week for 12 wk. Linear regression was used to calculate percent of 1-repetition maximum (%1-RM) at RPE 4, 6, and 8 for the exercises. Paired sample t tests, comparing pre- and posttraining %1-RMs at each RPE, indicated that posttraining %1-RMs were higher for RPE 4 and 6 for each exercise, while at RPE 8, results were significant for only 3 exercises. Thus for at least the RPE 4 and 6, the constant RPE tracking model is appropriate for resistance exercise; however, the equation of prediction appears to differ from that for aerobic exercise. Development of a new prediction equation may be necessary to track relative strength in older adults.
Photoconductivity and photoluminescence in chemically deposited films of CdSSe:CdCl2,Ho
Authors: Bhushan S. , Oudhia A.
Published: November 2008

Results of the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical absorption, photoconductivity (PC), and photoluminescence (PL) studies for the CdSSe:CdCl2,Ho films are presented in this paper. The SEM studies of different CdSSe films show a layered growth structure. A crystalline nature of the films is observed in the XRD studies. The regions with stacking fault were also observed in the X-ray diffractograms. The optical absorption spectra of these films show variations corresponding to the band gaps and the grain-sizes obtained under various deposition conditions and also with annealing. The effect of flux, impurities and annealing on the saturated photo to dark current ratio Ipc/Idc is observed in the PC rise and decay studies. The maximum value of Ipc/Idc ∼107 is obtained for the impurity doped annealed films. The PL emission spectra of CdSSe films show two emission peaks associated with the annihilation of free excitons and the transitions between shallow donor and deep acceptor states. In CdSSe:CdCl2,Ho films, two PL emission peaks are observed at 495 nm and 545 nm corresponding to the transitions 5S2→5I8 and 5F3→5I8, respectively, in Ho. The effect of pH on PL and grain size is also included in the present studies.
Multimodal biometric authentication based on score level fusion using support vector machine
Authors: Wang F. , Han J.
Published: November 2008

Fusion of multiple biometrics for human authentication performance improvement has received considerable attention. This paper presents a novel multimodal biometric authentication method integrating face and iris based on score level fusion. For score level fusion, support vector machine (SVM) based fusion rule is applied to combine two matching scores, respectively from Laplacianface based face verifier and phase information based iris verifier, to generate a single scalar score which is used to make the final decision. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method can bring obvious improvement comparing to the unimodal biometric identification methods and the previous fused face-iris methods.
Assays for S‐Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet/SAM)‐Dependent Methyltransferases
Authors: Wooderchak Whitney L. , Zhou Zhaohui Sunny , Hevel Joan
Published: November 2008

Modification of small molecules and proteins by methyltransferases impacts a wide range of biological processes. Here we report two methods for measuring methyltransferase activity. First we describe an enzyme‐coupled continuous spectrophotometric assay used to quantitatively characterize S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (AdoMet or SAM)–dependent methyltransferase activity. In this assay, S‐adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine (AdoHcy or SAH), the transmethylation product of AdoMet‐dependent methyltransferase, is hydrolyzed to S‐ribohomocysteine and adenine by recombinant AdoHcy nucleosidase. Subsequently, the adenine generated from AdoHcy is further hydrolyzed to homoxanthine and ammonia by recombinant adenine deaminase. This deamination is associated with a decrease in absorbance at 265 nm that can be monitored continuously. Secondly, we describe a discontinuous assay that follows radiolabel incorporation into the methyl receptor. An advantage of both assays is the destruction of AdoHcy by AdoHcy nucleosidase, which alleviates AdoHcy product feedback inhibition of S‐adenosylmethionine‐dependent methyltransferases. Importantly both methods are inexpensive, robust, and amenable to high throughput. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 38:4.26.1‐4.26.12. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Bacterial Cell‐Free Expression System to Produce Membrane Proteins and Proteoliposomes: From cDNA to Functional Assay
Authors: Liguori Lavinia , Marques Bruno , Lenormand Jean‐Luc
Published: November 2008

Limitations in the production of folded membrane proteins represent the major bottleneck for functional and structural studies of this huge category of macromolecules. Cell‐free expression systems provide an attractive alternative to the classical overexpression systems for producing membrane proteins. However, optimization of these systems remains a challenging task, considering the hydrophobic properties of these molecules. This unit describes the production of eukaryotic membrane proteins either in soluble form or integrated into liposomes using a bacterial cell‐free expression system. Liposomes in the reaction mixture induce the direct insertion of freshly produced membrane proteins into the bilayer and allow the formation of functional proteoliposomes in which the membrane proteins are correctly folded. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 54:5.22.1‐5.22.30. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Expression and Purification of ZEBRA Fusion Proteins and Applications for the Delivery of Macromolecules into Mammalian Cells
Authors: Rothe Romy , Lenormand Jean‐Luc
Published: November 2008

The recent development of peptide carriers for efficient and specific delivery of biologically active molecules into mammalian cells represents a major advance in the study of both normal and uncontrolled cell growth. In the past few years, this technology has been successfully applied to the delivery of therapeutic molecules in animal models, and now some of these carriers are available in the clinic for the treatment of some human diseases. This unit describes the production, in a bacterial expression system, of reporter proteins (EGFP and β‐galactosidase) fused to a transduction domain of the Epstein‐Barr virus ZEBRA protein, as well as purification of the fusion proteins. The purified fusion proteins can be added to any of a large spectrum of mammalian cells and the internalization process measured by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy on live cells. Fluorescence microscopy on fixed cells is used to study their intracellular distribution. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 54:18.11.1‐18.11.29. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Detection of Proteins on Blot Transfer Membranes
Authors: Sasse Joachim , Gallagher Sean R.
Published: November 2008

Staining of blot transfer membranes permits visualization of proteins and allows the extent of transfer to be monitored. In the protocols described in this unit, proteins are stained after electroblotting from one‐dimensional or two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gels to blot membranes such as polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), nitrocellulose, or nylon membranes. Protocols are provided for the use of six general protein stains: Amido black, Coomassie blue, Ponceau S, colloidal gold, colloidal silver, and India ink. In addition, the fluorescent stains fluorescamine and IAEDANS, which covalently react with bound proteins, are described. Approximate detection limits for each nonfluorescent stain are indicated along with membrane compatibilities. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 83:8.10B.1‐8.10B.6. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Laboratory Maintenance of Rickettsia rickettsii
Authors: Ammerman Nicole C. , Beier‐Sexton Magda , Azad Abdu F.
Published: November 2008

This unit includes protocols for the laboratory maintenance of the obligate intracellular bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, including propagation in mammalian cell cultures, as well as isolation, counting, and storage procedures. Regulations for working with R. rickettsii in biosafety level 3 containment are also discussed. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 11:3A.5.1‐3A.5.21. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.