bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score and collateral status predict target mismatch in large vessel occlusion with delayed time windows
Authors: Hang Yu , Wang Chen dong , Ni Heng , Cao Yuezhou , Zhao Lin Bo , Liu Sheng , Shi Hai-Bin , Jia Zhenyu
Published: August 2022

Background

The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and collateral score (CS) are two readily available imaging metrics for the evaluation of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large vessel occlusion (LVO).

Objective

To investigate the predictive value of the ASPECTS combined with CS in detecting patients with CT perfusion (CTP) target mismatch in delayed time windows.

Methods

One hundred and sixty-four patients with LVO-AIS were included. ASPECTS was assessed on non-contrast CT (NCCT). CS was evaluated on single-phase CT angiography (sCTA). Target mismatch was defined as a CTP core volume ≤70 mL, mismatch ratio ≥1.8, and absolute mismatch volume ≥15 mL. Spearman correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed.

Results

The median NCCT ASPECTS of the 164 patients was 8 (IQR 6–9), median sCTA-CS was 2 (IQR 1–2), and median CTP core volume was 8 mL (IQR 0–29.5). There was a strong correlation between NCCT ASPECTS and CTP core volume (rs=−0.756, p<0.0001) and a moderate correlation between the sCTA-CS and CTP core volume (rs=−0.450, p<0.0001). Integrating NCCT ASPECTS and sCTA-CS provided a higher area under the curve (AUC) for predicting target mismatch (AUC=0.882; sensitivity, 89.1%; specificity, 77.8%; p<0.001).

Conclusions

NCCT ASPECTS had a strong correlation with CTP core volumes in patients with LVO-AIS in delayed time windows. Combining NCCT ASPECTS with sCTA-CS resulted in a more accurate prediction of target mismatch. If a CTP scan is not available, NCCT ASPECTS combined with sCTA-CS may guide clinicians in making treatment decisions.
Safety of anticoagulation use for treatment of portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis and its effect on hospital-based outcomes: an insight from a US nationwide database
Authors: Tarar Zahid Ijaz , Farooq Umer , Kamal Faisal , Nawaz Ahmad , Saleem Saad , Ghous Ghulam , Basar Omer , Chela Harleen Kaur , Tahan Veysel , Daglilar Ebubekir
Published: August 2022

Background and aim

Anticoagulation use for portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in patients with advanced liver disease is controversial. We investigated the effect of anticoagulation on outcomes in patients with PVT with cirrhosis.

Methods

We reviewed National Inpatient Sample data from 2016 to 2018 to identify patients with PVT. Our outcomes were in-hospital mortality, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, acute kidney injury (AKI), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), sepsis and hospital resource utilisation.

Results

We included 60 505 patients with PVT, out of whom 6.63% (4015) were on anticoagulation. The overall mortality in the anticoagulation group was 2.12% compared with 9.72% in the no anticoagulation group. The adjusted odds of mortality were low in the anticoagulation group (adjusted OR (AOR) 0.27, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.46, p<0.001). Patients on anticoagulation had 29% lower odds of variceal bleeding (AOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.96, p=0.03). Lower odds of HRS (AOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.85, p=0.01) and AKI (AOR 0.57, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.69, p<0.001) were also seen in the anticoagulation group. Patients in the anticoagulation group also showed lower odds of SBP (AOR 0.62, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.89, p=0.01) and sepsis (AOR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.93, p=0.03). Anticoagulation use resulted in shorter hospital stay by 1.15 days (adjusted length of stay −1.15, 95% CI −1.51 to –0.79, p<0.001). The mean difference in total hospital charges between the anticoagulation and the no anticoagulation group was −$20 034 (95% CI −$27 077 to −$12 991, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Our analysis found that anticoagulation use is safe and associated with better outcomes in patients with PVT with advanced liver disease.
Levels of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in oral nicotine pouches
Authors: Mallock Nadja , Schulz Thomas , Malke Sebastian , Dreiack Nadine , Laux Peter , Luch Andreas
Published: August 2022

Background

Nicotine pouches without tobacco are new products that deliver nicotine into the body via the oral mucosa. There is a lack of independent research on the chemical composition and product characteristics of these products, contributing to uncertainties regarding product regulation. This study sought to address knowledge gaps by assessing levels of nicotine and screening for tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in a sample of these products.

Methods

Nicotine pouches (n=44) and nicotine-free pouches (n=2) from 20 different manufacturers were analysed regarding their contents of nicotine and TSNAs by gas chromatography with flame ionisation and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Product labelling and pH values of aqueous extracts were determined.

Results

Nicotine contents of products ranged from 1.79 to 47.5 mg/pouch; median product weight, pH, and proportion of free-base nicotine were 0.643 g, 8.8, and 86%, respectively. A clear labelling of the nicotine content was missing on 29 products and nicotine strength descriptions were ambiguous. TSNAs were detected in 26 products, with a maximum of 13 ng N-nitrosonornicotine/pouch.

Conclusion

Although nicotine pouches may potentially be a reduced risk alternative for cigarette smokers or users of some other oral tobacco products, nicotine contents of some pouches were alarmingly high. Presence of carcinogenic TSNAs in the nicotine pouches is of serious concern. Better manufacturing processes and quality control standards should be implemented. Labels of nicotine strength on most products are misleading. A strict regulation regarding nicotine contents and its labelling would be advisable.
Cigarette excise tax structure and cigarette prices in nine sub-Saharan African countries: evidence from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey
Authors: Filby Samantha , Van Walbeek Corné , Pan Liping
Published: August 2022

Background

Economic theory predicts that the excise tax structure influences the distribution of cigarette prices. Evidence shows that uniform specific excise tax structures exhibit the least price variability relative to other tax structures. The distribution of cigarette prices under different excise tax structures has never been examined for a group of African countries.

Objectives

To examine the distribution of cigarette prices under different tax structures in nine African countries and to critically evaluate the effectiveness of African regional tax directives in promoting public health.

Methods

Data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, conducted in eight African countries during 2012–2018, and data from the 2017 Gambia Tobacco Survey were used to construct survey-derived cigarette prices. The coefficients of variation and skewness of the price distribution were compared in the context of each country’s cigarette excise tax structure.

Results

The least price variability is found in countries with a uniform specific tax, or a mixed system with a minimum specific floor. Cigarette price variability is largest in countries with uniform ad valorem tax structures. Three of the four countries with ad valorem tax structures are in regional blocs, where the tax directives specify that they should implement an ad valorem structure.

Conclusions

Regional tax directives that require the adoption of uniform specific excise taxes, or high minimum specific floors, could be an efficient way to get multiple African countries to adopt a tax structure that reduces substitution possibilities in response to excise tax increases.
Culturally specific health-related features on cigarette packs sold in China
Authors: Cui Yuxian , Dai Zheng , Cohen Joanna E , Rosas Scott , Clegg Smith Katherine , Welding Kevin , Czaplicki Lauren
Published: August 2022

Background

China is the country with the highest burden of tobacco-caused disease. We characterised the extent to which cigarette pack marketing features (eg, imagery, text, pack color) could potentially mislead consumers by suggesting products are healthy.

Methods

We used two methods: group concept mapping and content analysis. First, we used a group concept mapping approach to generate and sort Chinese consumer responses to an open-ended prompt asking what marketing features suggest a product is ‘healthy’ or ‘good for you’. Second, based on the concept mapping results, we developed a codebook of health-related features on cigarette packs that were relevant to the unique cultural context of product marketing in China. Two trained coders who were native Chinese speakers double-coded a sample of 1023 cigarette packs purchased in 2013 (wave 1) and 2017 (wave 2). We examined differences in the presence of features overall and over time.

Results

Overall, 83.5% (n=854) of Chinese cigarette packs in our sample contained at least one ‘healthy’ or ‘good for you’ feature, and the presence of health-related features on packs remained constant between wave 1 (83.5%, n=354) and wave 2 (83.5%, n=500; p=1.00). Across both waves, the most common categories of culturally specific health features present related to recycling symbols, rare animal imagery, bright colours (eg, bright yellow) and botanical imagery (eg, bamboo, mint).

Conclusion

Health-related features on cigarette packs sold in China are common. Enhanced policies to address tobacco packaging, labelling and branding could support and facilitate a reduction in the high tobacco burden in China.
MUC5B, telomere length and longitudinal quantitative interstitial lung changes: the MESA Lung Study
Authors: Kim John S , Manichaikul Ani W , Hoffman Eric A , Balte Pallavi , Anderson Michaela R , Bernstein Elana J , Madahar Purnema , Oelsner Elizabeth C , Kawut Steven M , Wysoczanski Artur , Laine Andrew F , Adegunsoye Ayodeji , Ma Jennie Z , Taub Margaret A , Mathias Rasika A , Rich Stephen S , Rotter Jerome I , Noth Imre , Garcia Christine Kim , Barr R Graham , Podolanczuk Anna J
Published: August 2022

Background

TheMUC5Bpromoter variant (rs35705950) and telomere length are linked to pulmonary fibrosis and CT-based qualitative assessments of interstitial abnormalities, but their associations with longitudinal quantitative changes of the lung interstitium among community-dwelling adults are unknown.

Methods

We used data from participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis with high-attenuation areas (HAAs, Examinations 1–6 (2000–2018)) andMUC5Bgenotype (n=4552) and telomere length (n=4488) assessments. HAA was defined as the per cent of imaged lung with attenuation of −600 to −250 Hounsfield units. We used linear mixed-effects models to examine associations ofMUC5Brisk allele (T) and telomere length with longitudinal changes in HAAs. Joint models were used to examine associations of longitudinal changes in HAAs with death and interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Results

TheMUC5Brisk allele (T) was associated with an absolute change in HAAs of 2.60% (95% CI 0.36% to 4.86%) per 10 years overall. This association was stronger among those with a telomere length below an age-adjusted percentile of 5% (p value for interaction=0.008). A 1% increase in HAAs per year was associated with 7% increase in mortality risk (rate ratio (RR)=1.07, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.12) for overall death and 34% increase in ILD (RR=1.34, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.50). Longer baseline telomere length was cross-sectionally associated with less HAAs from baseline scans, but not with longitudinal changes in HAAs.

Conclusions

Longitudinal increases in HAAs were associated with theMUC5Brisk allele and a higher risk of death and ILD.
Rapid Convergence: The Outcomes of Making PPE During a Healthcare Crisis
Authors: Mack Kelly , Hofmann Megan , Lakshmi Udaya , Cao Jerry , Auradkar Nayha , Arriaga Rosa , Hudson Scott , Mankoff Jen
Published: August 2022

The
U.S. National Institute of Health (NIH)
3D Print Exchange is a public, open-source repository for 3D printable medical device designs with contributions from clinicians, expert-amateur makers, and people from industry and academia. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the NIH formed a collection to foster submissions of low-cost, locally manufacturable
personal protective equipment (PPE)
. We evaluated the 623 submissions in this collection to understand: what makers contributed, how they were made, who made them, and key characteristics of their designs. We found an immediate design convergence to manufacturing-focused remixes of a few initial designs affiliated with NIH partners and major for-profit groups. The NIH worked to review safe, effective designs but was overloaded by manufacturing-focused design adaptations. Our work contributes insights into: the outcomes of distributed, community-based medical making; the features that the community accepted as “safe” making; and how platforms can support regulated maker activities in high-risk domains.
Technical Requirements and Approaches in Personal Data Control
Authors: Sim Junsik , Kim Beomjoong , Jeon Kiseok , Joo Moonho , Lim Jihun , Lee Junghee , Choo Kim-Kwang Raymond
Published: August 2022

There has been a trend of moving from simply de-identification to providing extended data control to their owner (e.g., data portability and right to be forgotten), partly due to the introduction of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Hence, in this paper, we survey the literature to provide an in-depth understanding of the existing approaches for personal data control (e.g., we observe that most existing approaches are generally designed to facilitate compliance), as well as the privacy regulations in Europe, United Kingdom, California, South Korea, and Japan. Based on the review, we identify the associated technical requirements, as well as a number of research gaps and potential future directions (e.g., the need for transparent processing of personal data and establishment of clear procedure in ensuring personal data control).
Progressive Transformer Machine for Natural Character Reenactment
Authors: Xu Yongzong , Yang Zhijing , Chen Tianshui , Li Kai , Qing Chunmei
Published: August 2022

Character reenactment aims to control a target person’s full-head movement by a driving monocular sequence that is made up of the driving character video. Current algorithms utilize convolution neural networks in generative adversarial networks, which extract historical and geometric information to iteratively generate video frames. However, convolution neural networks can merely capture local information with limited receptive fields and ignore global dependencies that play a crucial role in face synthesis, leading to generating unnatural video frames. In this work, we design a progressive transformer module that introduces multi-head self-attention with convolution refinement to simultaneously capture global-local dependencies. Specifically, we utilize the non-lapping window-based multi-head self-attention mechanism with hierarchical architecture to obtain the larger receptive fields at low-resolution feature map and thus extract global information. To better model local dependencies, we introduce the convolution operation to further refine the attentional weight in the multi-head self-attention mechanism. Finally, we use several stacked progressive transformer modules with the down-sampling operation to encode information of appearance information of previously generated frames and parameterized 3D face information of the current frame. Similarly, we use several stacked progressive transformer modules with the up-sampling operation to iteratively generate video frames. In this way, it can capture global-local information to facilitate generating video frames that are globally natural while preserving sharp outlines and rich detail information. Extensive experiments on several standard benchmarks suggest that the proposed method outperforms current leading algorithms.
Machine-Learning Assisted Identification of Accurate Battery Lifetime Models with Uncertainty
Authors: Gasper Paul , Collath Nils , Hesse Holger C. , Jossen Andreas , Smith Kandler
Published: August 2022

Reduced-order battery lifetime models, which consist of algebraic expressions for various aging modes, are widely utilized for extrapolating degradation trends from accelerated aging tests to real-world aging scenarios. Identifying models with high accuracy and low uncertainty is crucial for ensuring that model extrapolations are believable, however, it is difficult to compose expressions that accurately predict multivariate data trends; a review of cycling degradation models from literature reveals a wide variety of functional relationships. Here, a machine-learning assisted model identification method is utilized to fit degradation in a stand-out LFP-Gr aging data set, with uncertainty quantified by bootstrap resampling. The model identified in this work results in approximately half the mean absolute error of a human expert model. Models are validated by converting to a state-equation form and comparing predictions against cells aging under varying loads. Parameter uncertainty is carried forward into an energy storage system simulation to estimate the impact of aging model uncertainty on system lifetime. The new model identification method used here reduces life-prediction uncertainty by more than a factor of three (86% ± 5% relative capacity at 10 years for human-expert model, 88.5% ± 1.5% for machine-learning assisted model), empowering more confident estimates of energy storage system lifetime.
Influence of Long-Term Storage Conditions on Lithium Metal Anode Surface in Liquid Carbonate-Based Electrolyte
Authors: Seara Josu , Alcaide Francisco , Barrio Victoria Laura , Benayad Anass , Ayerbe Elixabete
Published: August 2022

Lithium metal electrodes have been submitted to a long-term storage in contact with carbonated-based electrolyte at different temperatures, with the aim of gaining more understanding on the impact of aging conditions on the lithium metal surface. To do so, the evolution of lithium surface∣electrolyte interface has been monitored via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and FE-SEM techniques, to correlate the change of the interface properties with the chemical and morphological modifications at the electrode’s surface. After this aging, lithium electrodes were galvanostatically cycled in symmetric Li∣Li coin cell configuration at 10, 25 and 45 °C. Through this approach, a better cycling stability was observed in those cells stored at 45 °C, which can be ascribed to the more compact lithium electrodeposition than that observed in the rest of cells previously aged at lower temperatures. These results indicate that calendar at high temperature condition benefits lithium electrode performance, which can be attributed to a homogeneous passivation of the metal surface with fluorine and/or phosphate-based compounds, following XPS measurements, which can improve the behaviour of the solid electrolyte interface.
Zn/Fe/Al Modified Carboxymethyl Cellulose Biomass Carbon Aerogel for Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Wang Zhen , Deng Wenyang , Peng Jie , Miao Luwei , Chen Yi , Chen Wenqing
Published: August 2022

Biomass carbon aerogels have attracted increasing interest worldwide for capacitive deionization (CDI) desalination due to their hierarchical pore structure distribution, high specific surface area and modifiability. Herein, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used as a raw material, and Zn2+, Fe3+, and Al3+ are used as crosslinking agents to prepare carbon aerogels through “sol-gel, freeze-drying, high-temperature pyrolysis.” A CMC//AC asymmetric CDI electrode device is constructed for desalination. The results showed that coordination involving metal ions and carboxyl groups formed a carbon aerogel with a three-dimensional network structure; moreover, the addition of metal ions significantly increased the surface charge and graphitization of the material. Among the systems studied, CMC-Fe showed abundant pseudocapacitance due to redox reactions of the Fe. Gasification of Zn further increased the pore volume (2.11 cm3 g−1), specific surface area (1844 m2 g−1) and total specific capacitance (365 F g−1) of CMC-Zn. Al exhibited no obviously favorable behavior. Additionally, the prepared CMC-Zn showed good cycling stability, and the capacitance remained at 98% after 100 charging and discharging cycles. The CMC-Zn carbon aerogel electrode achieved a significantly high adsorption capacity of 25.8 mg g−1, showing that it has great potential among carbon materials for desalination.
Aerodynamic Analysis and Training Research of an S-Shaped Arc Ball Based on Hydrodynamics
Authors: Si Pinxin
Published: August 2022

The aerodynamic characteristics of S-shaped arc ball, such as poor combat performance and low intelligence, are studied and analyzed. In this paper, the aerodynamic analysis model of S-shaped arc soccer intelligent algorithm is established, and the dynamic tracking model of Soccer Tactics Based on fluid dynamics search algorithm is designed. The data information is collected from many aspects, such as the position of the players, the change of the arc ball movement, the trajectory of the football movement, and tactical flexibility. The results show that Benn’s algorithm can start the layout mechanism effectively. It has high feasibility and accurate algorithm accuracy and can effectively improve the aerodynamic layout performance of the system. The aerodynamic analysis and training optimization method of the S-shaped arc ball based on ant colony optimization has sped up the intelligent training system of Chinese football tactics.
Impact of AlN-SiC Nanoparticle Reinforcement on the Mechanical Behavior of Al 6061-Based Hybrid Composite Developed by the Stir Casting Route
Authors: Kaliappan S. , Shanmugam A. , Johnson Pradeep , Karthick M. , Sekar S. , Patil Pravin P. , Sai M. K. S. , Yuvaraj K. P. , Govindaraajan Venkatesan
Published: August 2022

The enhancement of composites’ mechanical characteristics (tensile, compressive, and hardness) is a constant demand for technological advancement. The stir casting process is used to make the hybrid aluminium alloy metal matrix composites Al 6061-SiC-AlN in our present study. To create mechanical qualities such as tensile, compressive, and hardness, silicon carbide and aluminium nitride (both 3% and 6%) were utilized as the reinforcement. The tensile strength, compressive strength, and hardness of the Al 6061-SiC-AlN hybrid composites samples were determined. The tensile, compressive, and hardness parameters of Al 6061-SiC-AlN hybrid composites are estimated and evaluated to those of the matrix Al 6061 alloy. With the inclusion of silicon carbide and AlN nanoparticles, the tensile strength, compressive strength, and hardness increased from 328 to 385 MPa, 145 to 178 Mpa, and 302 to 724 VHN, respectively.
Influence of Preoperative Foveal Layers’ Thickness on Visual Function and Macular Morphology by Phacovitrectomy for Epiretinal Membrane
Authors: Zhmurin R , Grajewski L , Krause L
Published: August 2022

Background. The aim of this retrospective study with short, differently dispersed follow-up is to record the relationships between the pathologies of the individual foveal layers, measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and to investigate their influence on pre- and postoperative best-corrected decimal far visual acuity (BCVA) by phacovitrectomy for epiretinal membrane (ERM) in comorbidity with cataract. Patients and Methods. 208 eyes of 173 patients with symptomatic idiopathic ERM and moderate cataract were included. Results. In all OCT morphological stages of ERM, as well as in their combination with macular lamellar hole (MLH) and vitreomacular traction (VMT), a significant difference in the thickness of the individual fovea layers was found. In addition, the entire fovea thickening led to the proportional thickening of the individual fovea layers (

p
<
0.001

). The larger the central foveolar (CFT, R2 = −0.238,

p
=
0.002

), maximum foveal (MFT, R2 = −0.267,

p
=
0.001

), and ONL thickness (R2 = −0.16,

p
=
0.044

) were preoperatively, the worse the initial visual acuity was at all OCT stages of ERM. This was even more significant in the presence of a tractive component in the case of MLH or VMT (

p
<
0.001

). In ERM without a traction component, only ONL thickening led to significant postoperative visual acuity reduction (R2 = −0.163,

p
=
0.047

). The foveolar retinal thickening (CFT and MFT) of the pure ERM is directly associated with distortion of the retinal layers (R2 = 0.292,

p
<
0.001

and R2 = 0.287,

p
<
0.001

) as well as with separation of the ERM (R2 = 0.168,

p
=
0.034

and R2 = 0.187,

p
=
0.018

). When ERM was combined with tractive component, CFT, ONL, and INL thickness correlated (positively) with the integrity of ellipsoid zone (R2 = 0.342,

p
<
0.05

) and external limiting membrane (R2 = 0.548,

p
<
0.001

). Conclusions. ONL thickening in ERM without a tractive component serves as a limited prognostic factor of postoperative visual acuity decrease. The preoperative BCVA in the groups of ERM with traction component showed significant correlation with CFT as well as with the thickness of individual foveal layers. VMT in ERM correlates with the disintegration of the ellipsoid zone.
Efficacy and Safety of Coronary Intervention via Distal Transradial Access (dTRA) in Patients with Low Body Mass Index
Authors: Li La-Mei , Zhang Liu-Yan , Huang Hao-Min , Chen Tao , Li Feng , Shi Gan-Wei , Li Wen-Hua , Xiao Jian-Qiang , Gong Chun , Xue She-Liang , Xu Bo , Gu Jun , Song Yan-Bin , Shen Dan-Dan , Ji Rong-Rong , Cai Gao-Jun
Published: August 2022

The study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of coronary intervention via distal transradial access (dTRA) in patients with low body mass index (BMI). A total of 67 patients with low BMI who underwent coronary intervention, comprising 29 patients via dTRA and 38 patients via conventional transradial access (cTRA), were retrospectively included. There was no significant difference in the puncture success rate between the two groups (dTRA 96.6%, cTRA 97.4%,

P
=
0.846

). Compared with the cTRA group, the success rate of one-needle puncture in the dTRA group was lower (51.7% vs. 81.6%,

P
=
0.020

). The compression haemostasis time in the dTRA group was shorter than that in the cTRA group (

P
 
<
 
0.001

). However, the incidence of radial artery occlusion was lower in the dTRA group than in the cTRA group (4.0% vs. 33.3%,

P
=
0.007

). In conclusion, coronary intervention via dTRA was safe and effective in patients with low BMI.
Acceptance of Electric Car Sharing in Rural Areas
Authors: Silberer Jan , Mrso Maja , Bäumer Thomas , Müller Patrick
Published: August 2022

Car sharing helps promote new drive systems to early adopters, and its market share has grown continuously worldwide. However, in rural areas, car sharing still faces challenges, such as sparse populations. In urban areas, previous research has identified underlying factors in the use of car sharing. However, these findings are yet to be transferred to rural areas. Three different methodological approaches were applied in a rural municipality in southern Germany to better understand the acceptance of electric car sharing in rural areas. Firstly, a survey was conducted with 190 participants to provide an overview of underlying factors in the acceptance of electric car sharing. Secondly, interviews were conducted with 21 participants to obtain a deeper insight into these factors. Finally, a cocreation workshop was conducted with 17 participants to identify an electric car sharing model for rural areas. The results showed that performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, and facilitating conditions were the most important factors in the use of electric car sharing in rural areas, at least when presented at a conceptual level. Furthermore, an electric car sharing service with a station-based system and a service provider to distribute vehicles to stations across the municipality’s districts was voted as the most suitable model by participants. As the car sharing system was not yet implemented at the time of the survey, future studies should examine the underlying factors in the use of electric car sharing systems in rural areas at later stages of development. Moreover, the economic and technical viability of the developed electric car sharing service should be tested.
Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Ficus tikoua Bureau
Authors: Yao Liangliang , Zhao Shengchao , Liu Wei , Wang Guanzhen , Wan Chunpeng (Craig)
Published: August 2022

Ficus tikoua Bureau (F. tikoua Bur.) is a perennial woody vine in the Moraceae family that has been used as a traditional folk medicine for centuries to treat many diseases such as chronic bronchitis, diarrhea, dysentery, rheumatism, and other inflammation-related diseases in certain parts of China, India, Vietnam, and Laos. This medicinal plant contains beneficial secondary metabolites belonging to various chemical classes, including flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids, coumarins, and alkaloids. In this review, we have summarized the natural compounds isolated from F. tikoua Bur. and their biological effects.
Big Data Model of Higher Education Online Teaching Based on Intelligent Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Xining
Published: August 2022

With the continuous development of society, the demand for processing large-scale data in many fields is increasing. Traditional processing training techniques have many limitations for big data analysis applications. Therefore, how to transform big data into general-purpose information becomes particularly important. This research mainly discusses the big data model analysis of higher education online teaching based on intelligent algorithms. The process of the experiment is to access how trainers interact or receive information stimulation in videos and courseware and how to cause relatively lasting changes in cognitive behavior. From the experimental research, we discovered the law of practical training and finally provided personalized teaching support services according to the needs and abilities of the trainers. On the other hand, the online training algorithm for big data analysis is studied, the methods needed to solve the big data mining task are discussed, and the online course training is recommended in many ways. Experimental data show that the algorithm of large-scale online training behavior data analysis on the behavior analysis results of online trainers is conducive to the improvement of online trainers’ learning efficiency. The experimental results show that the algorithm of large-scale online training behavior data analysis can show good model analysis performance, which is conducive to the prediction of the training personnel, and the prediction accuracy reaches about 90%. It is found that the algorithm that implements large-scale online training behavior data analysis can effectively categorize the relationship between the trainee’s visits. Through innovative data analysis methods, fast, efficient, and timely analysis of big data streams is realized.
An Artificial Neural Network-Based Approach to Optimizing Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions
Authors: Gao Mingyue
Published: August 2022

Resource depletion and ecological crisis have prompted human beings to reflect on the behavior patterns based on industrial civilization so as to seek ways of sustainable development of human society, economy, technology, and environment. The energy consumed in the construction process, commonly known as building energy consumption, accounts for more and more of the total social energy consumption, and with the continuous development of social economy and the improvement of living standards, this proportion will be larger and larger. The structure of the neural network directly determines its performance and work efficiency. The structure optimization of the neural network is not only a hot issue in this field but also an insurmountable key step in engineering applications. With the increase of network depth, the structural optimization difficulty index of the neural network increases, so solving this problem has important theoretical and practical significance for the design and application of the neural network. In this paper, the energy saving of buildings is optimized based on the optimization of structures such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and restricted Boltzmann machine. The experimental results show that the BPNN optimized by the improved PSO algorithm is significantly better than the non-optimized BPNN and the BPNN optimized by the basic PSO algorithm. The comprehensive output rate of the optimized neural network can reach 64.5%. In general, the error rate of the optimized artificial neural network (ANN) will be 57.65% lower than the original one.
Ameliorating Effects of Bioactive Peptides Extracted from Litopenaeus vannamei Wastes on Oxidative Stress, Glucose Regulation, and Autophagy Gene Expression in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver-Induced Rats
Authors: Moradian Roya , Najdegerami Ebrahim H. , Nikoo Mehdi , Nejati Vahid
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effect of bioactive peptides from Litopenaeus vannamei on oxidative stress, glucose regulation, and autophagy gene expression in the induced nonalcoholic fatty liver rats. Bioactive peptides used in the current study were extracted in a progressive rise in temperature (40–60°C) (GP). For this purpose, twenty-four healthy male rats (initial weight, 230.1 ± 22 g) were divided in four experimental groups including control (standard diet), HFD (high-fat diet), HFD + GP20, and 300 (high-fat diet + 20, 300 mg peptides/kg body weight). After 70 days, the results indicated that experimental treatments did not affect the body and liver weight (

P
>
0.05

), although the higher liver weight was seen in HFD treatment. Based on these results, the use of GP peptides improved antioxidant enzymes and decreased MDA concentration, and a significant difference was observed between peptide treatments and HFD (

P
<
0.05

). In comparison to the HFD group, significantly lower liver enzymes (ALT and AST) were seen in peptide treatments (

P
<
0.05

). Also, the results indicated that the lowest amylase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and inflammation cytokines (TNF-ɑ and IL-6) were seen in peptide groups. The autophagy gene expression was measured in the liver cells, and the results showed that, unlike HFD treatment, the use of GP peptides decreased Beclin 1, Atg7, and P62 expression in male rat’s livers. Overall, the results of the current study demonstrated that the use of GP peptides at low concentration shows significant hypoglycemia and antioxidant properties in nonalcoholic fatty liver-induced rats.
Application of Numerical Deconstruction in Enterprise Economic Management
Authors: Wang Lipeng
Published: August 2022

The rapid development of the global economy has provided new opportunities for all walks of life and enabled enterprises to develop in an all-round way. Under the multi-faceted competition, enterprises need to improve their comprehensive capabilities, so they need to effectively manage the enterprise economy in the process of enterprise operation. The traditional enterprise economic management model mainly predicts the future enterprise economy by analyzing the enterprise economic status of the previous period, but there are defects such as poor prediction accuracy and low management efficiency. Numerical analysis is the analysis and processing of numerical problems through techniques such as computers. By comparing with traditional management methods, numerical analysis is applied to enterprise economic management. The experimental results show that in terms of employee technical training time and reward innovation, the accuracy of enterprise economic forecasting under the binary regression method is 98%, and the accuracy under the univariate regression method is 61.7%. And the economic benefit brought by the optimal solution under the binary regression analysis is 45.8% higher than that of the single regression method, and the economic management efficiency of the enterprise is 23.5% higher. In terms of enterprise cost input and employee distribution, the method of binary regression applied to enterprise economic management is superior to the univariate regression method in terms of the accuracy of enterprise economic forecasting, the economic benefits, and the efficiency of enterprise economic management. Therefore, the application of numerical analysis in enterprise economic management can predict the development trend of the enterprise economy, ensure the economic benefits of the enterprise, and improve the management efficiency of the enterprise economy.
Application Research of Wireless Sensor Network Based on Computer BIM Technology and ZigBee in Interior Art Design
Authors: Hu Dong , Hao Xintian , Liu Chao
Published: August 2022

With the rapid development of computer technology and automation technology, modern interior art design has attracted more and more attention. This paper chooses BIM technology and ZigBee technology, which have the advantages of low cost, low power consumption, low complexity, etc., and can be used to establish the communication protocol of indoor art design and home wireless network, so as to achieve residential comfort and wireless data security transmission and convenient, real-time monitoring. This paper starts with many environmental parameters that are closely related to human comfort, such as temperature and humidity, light, and air cleanliness, and conducts an investigation on the comfort of intelligent houses and the appreciation of modern indoor art; this paper discusses the security of BIM and ZigBee and the algorithm of AES starting from the specific implementation process; according to the internal characteristics and password requirements of the family, a smart home safety net is constructed and encrypted, so as to ensure the safe transmission of family information; complete the modern artistic design of the home controller. The hardware and software were constructed, and a web server was constructed on Linux, which was invoked using the CGI interface, thereby connecting the web server to the terminal device that was comfortably controlled. The test proves that the control scheme can work normally in the laboratory network, which has great guiding significance for practical work.
The Efficacy and Safety of Bisoprolol in the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction with Cardiac Insufficiency
Authors: Wang Yan
Published: August 2022

Background. Bisoprolol is commonly used to treat moderate or severe chronic stable heart failure, coronary heart disease, and hypertension. This study is aimed at analyzing the efficacy of bisoprolol in the treatment of myocardial infarction with cardiac insufficiency and its effect on cardiac function, Hcy, and CRP through meta-analysis. Methods. A total of 120 patients with myocardial infarction and cardiac insufficiency from February 2020 to February 2021 were selected and randomly divided into two groups (control and the observation,

n
=
60

) according to the random number table method. The control group was given conventional treatment. The observation group was given bisoprolol on the basis of control group. The clinical efficacy, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac function indexes, homocysteine (Hcy), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment through data analysis. Adverse reactions were observed during treatment. Results. Compared with the control group, the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly increased (

p
<
0.05

). After treatment, the levels of heart rate, left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), and left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) and serum Hcy and CRP levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (

p
<
0.05

). Meanwhile, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) level in the observation group after treatment was higher than that of the control group (

p
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Bisoprolol combined with conventional treatment can reduce serum Hcy and CRP levels in patients with myocardial infarction and cardiac insufficiency and improve cardiac function. Moreover, there are no obvious adverse reactions during the treatment.
Maintenance of Network Security in Hospital Information Construction Based on the Internet of Things
Authors: Tong Hui
Published: August 2022

With the continuous deepening of Chinese medical and health system reform, hospital informatization construction is advancing by leaps and bounds, especially in the context of “Internet of Things + Medical,” hospital informatization construction has made significant progress. However, computer network security management and maintenance work still face many contradictions and problems, and we need to pay attention to them. Based on the analysis of the current situation of computer network security management and maintenance in hospital information construction, this paper focuses on the problems of computer network security management and maintenance and proposes targeted optimization countermeasures. Based on the current problems faced by the medical industry in our country and the state’s support for the medical Internet of Things, this paper studies the application of the Internet of Things in hospital information management at home and abroad. This article uses hospital information network security maintenance evaluation methods and evaluation indicators to conduct an empirical analysis of the information security maintenance level of these 12 hospitals, from the risk assessment of hospital information network security, the establishment of strategies, the level of information security software and hardware equipment, and the information security personnel. Experiments show that 58.33% of the hospitals surveyed have only done part of the work on risk analysis and risk assessment of their own network information security, and 41.67% of the hospitals have not done this work at all. This shows that hospitals should incorporate computer network security management and maintenance into the information construction system, focusing on the outstanding problems and possible risks faced by the arm’s computer network security management and maintenance, and vigorously promote the reform and innovation of computer network security management and maintenance.
An Assessment of Lexical, Network, and Content-Based Features for Detecting Malicious URLs Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models
Authors: Aljabri Malak , Alhaidari Fahd , Mohammad Rami Mustafa A. , Samiha Mirza  , Alhamed Dina H. , Altamimi Hanan S. , Chrouf Sara Mhd. Bachar
Published: August 2022

The World Wide Web services are essential in our daily lives and are available to communities through Uniform Resource Locator (URL). Attackers utilize such means of communication and create malicious URLs to conduct fraudulent activities and deceive others by creating deceptive and misleading websites and domains. Such threats open the doors for many critical attacks such as spams, spyware, phishing, and malware. Therefore, detecting malicious URL is crucially important to prevent the occurrence of many cybercriminal activities. In this study, we examined a set of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models to detect malicious websites using a dataset comprising 66,506 records of URLs. We engineered three different types of features including lexical-based, network-based and content-based features. To extract the most discriminative features in the dataset, we applied several features selection algorithms, namely, correlation analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and chi-square. Finally, we conducted a comparative performance evaluation for several ML and DL models considering set of criteria commonly used to evaluate such models. Results depicted that Naïve Bayes (NB) was the best model for detecting malicious URLs using the applied data with an accuracy of 96%. This research has made contribution to the field by conducting significant features engineering and analysis to identify the best features for malicious URLs predictions, compare different models and achieve a high accuracy using a large new URL dataset.
Comparative Analysis between 5th and 6th Generation Superalloys and Previous Generation Superalloys
Authors: Jithin S. Dev , Selvaraj Senthil Kumaran , Vijay Vishaal K. E. , Sundaramali G.
Published: August 2022

In harsh working environments where there can be very high temperatures and heavy loads, like in the inside of the combustion chamber of a rocket, industrial gas turbines, space vehicles, and so on, a special class of material will be needed for making the required parts. This special class of materials is called superalloys. There are many types of superalloys based on the major alloying element. But, among these, Ni-superalloys stand out significantly due to their superior mechanical and physical characteristics. Thus, they are widely used in situations where the working conditions are unbearably harsh for ordinary materials. And, due to this, a lot of research have been done on Ni-superalloys for improving them and studying their properties. This extensive research work has led to the development of many generations of Ni-superalloys, with alloys getting better and better with each passing generation. Among all generations, the 5th and 6th generations of Ni-superalloys are the most recently developed ones. With the development of 5th and 6th gen alloys being very recent, there are not many studies conducted on them. With the current bloom in aerospace, energy, and thermonuclear research fields, the need for materials such as Ni-superalloys that can withstand absurdly harsh environments is increasing. That is one of the reasons why reviewing existing studies pertaining to recently developed new generation alloys is very important. It can help us in finding out the future possibilities for research so that we can develop new alloys or improve the existing ones. In this review paper, various aspects of these alloys such as fatigue properties, creep properties, oxidation resistance properties, corrosion resistance properties, element composition of these alloys and their impact on the above factors, use of various manufacturing methods, and the presence of additives have been extensively studied.
Joint Resource Allocation Optimization for the Wireless Backhaul Link of User-Centric Cell-Free NOMA Networks
Authors: Wang Qiang , Ma Qingxiu
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we investigate the downlink resource allocation problem for the user-centric ultra-dense networks (UUDN) which can provide high area throughput density. UUDN can effectively improve the user experience since one user can be served by more than one access points (APs) simultaneously. However, the ultra-dense node deployment will also result in serious co-channel interference which will degrade the performance of the networks. Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is introduced to reduce the interference caused by the network densification. We consider the resource allocation for both the wireless backhaul downlink and the user access downlink at the same time in UUDN with NOMA, which involves the APs grouping and power allocation. The resource allocation problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonconvex optimization problem due to the combinatorial nature of APs grouping. We first decompose the problem into the APs grouping subproblem and power allocation subproblem to reduce the computational complexity. For the APs grouping subproblem, we model it as a bipartite graph maximum weight matching problem, and the Hungarian algorithm is used to solve it. When the APs grouping is fixed, the original problem is still difficult to tackle since the power allocation is a max-min optimization problem. The KKT conditions are applied to optimize the power allocation subproblem. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed resource allocation algorithm can effectively improve the system throughput of UUDN.