bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Separation Mechanism of Fatty Acids from Waste Cooking Oil and Its Flotation Performance in Iron Ore Desiliconization
Authors: Guo Wenda , Zhu Yimin , Han Yuexin , Luo Binbin , Wei Yihe
Published: December 2017

Using the mixed fatty acids (MFA) produced by waste cooking oil as flotation collectors directly, the flotation effect is usually not satisfactory, especially at lower temperature, which may be due to the presence of large amounts of saturated fatty acids. In this study, waste cooking oil was separated into saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). The separation mechanism was studied by molecular simulation based on quantum and molecular mechanics. SFA and UFA were analyzed by iodine value, melting point measurement and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to check the result of the separation. The micro-flotation and bench-scale flotation tests were performed to investigate the flotation differences between SFA and UFA. The results showed that the poor flotation performance of waste cooking oil was due to the large amount of SFA in presence. If the SFA was separated out, the TFe grade and recovery of the flotation concentrates would be increased by 4.09 and 2.70 percentage points, respectively and the SiO2 grade would be 4.03 percentage points lower at the same time. This study would provide technical supports and theoretical guidance for the waste cooking oil application in the field of mineral processing.
Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Colon and Peripheral Tissues: A Focus on Butyrate, Colon Cancer, Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Authors: McNabney Sean , Henagan Tara
Published: December 2017

Increased dietary fiber consumption has been associated with many beneficial effects, including amelioration of obesity and insulin resistance. These effects may be due to the increased production of short chain fatty acids, including propionate, acetate and butyrate, during fermentation of the dietary fiber in the colon. Indeed, oral and dietary supplementation of butyrate alone has been shown to prevent high fat-diet induced obesity and insulin resistance. This review focuses on sources of short chain fatty acids, with emphasis on sources of butyrate, mechanisms of fiber and butyrate metabolism in the gut and its protective effects on colon cancer and the peripheral effects of butyrate supplementation in peripheral tissues in the prevention and reversal of obesity and insulin resistance.
Feed Intake and Weight Changes in Bos indicus-Bos taurus Crossbred Steers Following Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Type 1b Challenge Under Production Conditions
Authors: Runyan Chase , Downey-Slinker Erika , Ridpath Julia , Hairgrove Thomas , Sawyer Jason , Herring Andy
Published: December 2017

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has major impacts on beef cattle production worldwide, but the understanding of host animal genetic influence on illness is limited. This study evaluated rectal temperature, weight change and feed intake in Bos indicus crossbred steers (n = 366) that were challenged with BVDV Type 1b, and where family lines were stratified across three vaccine treatments of modified live (MLV), killed, (KV) or no vaccine (NON). Pyrexia classification based on 40.0 °C threshold following challenge and vaccine treatment were investigated for potential interactions with sire for weight change and feed intake following challenge. Pyrexia classification affected daily feed intake (ADFI, p = 0.05), and interacted with day (p < 0.001) for ADFI. Although low incidence of clinical signs was observed, there were marked reductions in average daily gain (ADG) and cumulative feed intake during the first 14 day post-challenge; ADG (CV of 104%) and feed efficiency were highly variable in the 14-day period immediately post-challenge as compared to the subsequent 14-day periods. A sire × vaccine strategy interaction affected ADFI (p < 0.001), and a sire by time period interaction affected ADG (p = 0.03) and total feed intake (p = 0.03). This study demonstrates that different coping responses may exist across genetic lines to the same pathogen, and that subclinical BVDV infection has a measurable impact on cattle production measures.
Modulating the Tg of Poly(alkylene succinate)s by Inserting Bio-Based Aromatic Units via Ring-Opening Copolymerization
Authors: Morales-Huerta Juan , Martínez de Ilarduya Antxon , Muñoz-Guerra Sebastián
Published: December 2017

Two series of aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters derived from succinic and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acids, and di-O-2-(hydroxyethyl) resorcinol as diol substituent of either 1,4-butanediol or ethylene glycol, respectively, were obtained by ring opening polymerization(ROP) performed in bulk and catalyzed by Sn(Oct)2. Cyclic oligomers of furandicarboxylate of di-O-2-(hydroxyethyl) resorcinol were successfully synthesized by high-dilution condensation, and then copolymerized with cyclic oligomers of either butylene or ethylene succinate. The synthesized resorcinol-containing succinate-furanoatecopolyesters had Mw oscillating between 50,000 and 30,000 g·mol−1 depending on composition, and they all displayed a nearly random microstructure. They showed an excellent thermal stability with onset decomposition temperatures near 300 °C. They are amorphous with Tg increasing monotonically with the content in resorcinol in both series with values ranging from −30 or −13 °C for butylene and ethylene-based copolyesters, respectively, up to around 45 °C. The resorcinol-containing succinate-furanoate copolyesters showed appreciable hydrolytic degradation when incubated for a few weeks in water under physiological conditions, a behavior that was notably enhanced in the presence of lipases.
Bis(formylphenolato)cobalt(II)-Mediated Alternating Radical Copolymerization of tert-Butyl 2-Trifluoromethylacrylate with Vinyl Acetate
Authors: Banerjee Sanjib , Bellan Ekaterina , Gayet Florence , Debuigne Antoine , Detrembleur Christophe , Poli Rinaldo , Améduri Bruno , Ladmiral Vincent
Published: December 2017

The organometallic-mediated radical polymerization (OMRP) of vinyl acetate (VAc) and its OMR copolymerization (OMRcoP) with tert-butyl 2-trifluoromethylacrylate (MAF-TBE) mediated by Co(SAL)2 (SAL = 2-formylphenolato or deprotonated salicylaldehyde) produced relatively well-defined PVAc and poly(VAc-alt-MAF-TBE) copolymers at moderate temperature (<40 °C) in bulk. The resulting alternating copolymer was characterized by 1H-, 13C- and 19F-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, and by size exclusion chromatography. The linear first-order kinetic plot, the linear evolutions of the molar mass with total monomer conversion, and the relatively low dispersity (Đ~1.55) of the resulting copolymers suggest that this cobalt complex provides some degree of control over the copolymerization of VAc and MAF-TBE. Compared to the previously investigated cobalt complex OMRP mediators having a fully oxygen-based first coordination sphere, this study emphasizes a few peculiarities of Co(SAL)2: a lower ability to trap radical chains as compared to Co(acac)2 and the absence of catalytic chain transfer reactions, which dominates polymerizations carried in the presence of 9-oxyphenalenone cobalt derivative.
Advanced Control over Cell-Material Interfaces
Authors: Mano João , Choi Insung
Published: December 2017

Cells in vivo sense and respond to signals from their environment (e.g., other cells and extracellular matrices) for their orchestrated behaviour and function.[...]
S-Band Doppler Wave Radar System
Authors: Chen Zezong , Wang Zihan , Chen Xi , Zhao Chen , Xie Fei , He Chao
Published: December 2017

In this paper, a novel shore-based S-band microwave Doppler coherent wave radar (Microwave Ocean Remote SEnsor (MORSE)) is designed to improve wave measurements. Marine radars, which operate in the X band, have been widely used for ocean monitoring because of their low cost, small size and flexibility. However, because of the non-coherent measurements and strong absorption of X-band radio waves by rain, these radar systems suffer considerable performance loss in moist weather. Furthermore, frequent calibrations to modify the modulation transfer function are required. To overcome these shortcomings, MORSE, which operates in the S band, was developed by Wuhan University. Because of the coherent measurements of this sensor, it is able to measure the radial velocity of water particles via the Doppler effect. Then the relation between the velocity spectrum and wave height spectrum can be used to obtain the wave height spectra. Finally, wave parameters are estimated from the wave height spectra by the spectrum moment method. Comparisons between MORSE and Waverider MKIII are conducted in this study, and the results, including the non-directional wave height spectra, significant wave height and average wave period, are calculated and displayed. The correlation coefficient of the significant wave height is larger than 0.9, whereas that of the average wave period is approximately 0.4, demonstrating the effectiveness of MORSE for the continuous monitoring of ocean areas with high accuracy.
CSR Disclosure in Polish-Listed Companies in the Light of Directive 2014/95/EU Requirements: Empirical Evidence
Authors: Matuszak Łukasz , Różańska Ewa
Published: December 2017

On 15 December 2016, new non-financial reporting requirements were implemented in the Polish Accounting Act (PAA) which would be enforced from 1 January 2017. This act resulted from the transposition of Directive 2014/95/EU. New requirements oblige certain groups of entities to disclose non-financial information on environmental, social and employee-related matters, respect for human rights, anti-corruption and bribery matters. The purpose of this paper is two-fold. Firstly, this study analyses the new non-financial reporting requirements implemented in PAA, which were created from the transposition of the Directive. Secondly, this study investigates the current extent and quality of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting in companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) and their compliance with the new requirements. The sample comprises 150 selected listed companies on the WSE. The data were collected from annual reports, separate CSR reports, and companies’ websites. Content analysis and a rating scale were used to measure the level of CSR disclosures. The results show that companies prefer annual reports to communicate voluntary CSR disclosures. In the majority of cases, CSR disclosure of companies were not compliant with the new requirements. Companies placed little emphasis on reporting about human rights and anti-corruption. This suggests that the new reporting obligation should increase the extent and quality of non-financial disclosure among Polish listed companies.
Detoxification of Pesticide-Containing Wastewater with FeIII, Activated Carbon and Fenton Reagent and Its Control Using Three Standardized Bacterial Inhibition Tests
Authors: Rott Eduard , Pittmann Timo , Wasielewski Stephan , Kugele Amélie , Minke Ralf
Published: December 2017

Discharge of toxic industrial wastewaters into biological wastewater treatment plants may result in inhibition of activated sludge bacteria (ASB). In order to find an appropriate method of detoxification, the wastewater of a pesticide-processing plant in Vietnam was treated with three different methods (FeIII, powdered activated carbon (PAC), Fenton (FeII/H2O2)) analyzing the detoxification effect with the nitrification inhibition test (NIT), respiration inhibition test (RIT) and luminescent bacteria test (LBT). The heterotrophic ASB were much more resistant to the wastewater than the autotrophic nitrificants. The NIT turned out to be more suitable than the RIT since the NIT was less time-consuming and more reliable. In addition, the marine Aliivibrio fischeri were more sensitive than the nitrificants indicating that a lack of inhibition in the very practical and time-efficient LBT correlates with a lack of nitrification inhibition. With 95%, the Fenton method showed the highest efficiency regarding the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. Although similar COD removal (60–65%) was found for both the FeIII and the PAC method, the inhibitory effect of the wastewater was reduced much more strongly with PAC. Both the NIT and the LBT showed that the PAC and Fenton methods led to a similar reduction in the inhibitory effect.
Evolution of Post-accretion-induced Collapse Binaries: The Effect of Evaporation
Authors: Liu Wei-Min , Li Xiang-Dong
Published: December 2017

Accretion-induced collapse (AIC) is widely accepted to be one of the formation channels for millisecond pulsars (MSPs). Since the MSPs have high spin-down luminosities, they can immediately start to evaporate their companion stars after birth. In this paper, we present a detailed investigation on the evolution of the post-AIC binaries, taking into account the effect of evaporation both before and during the Roche-lobe overflow process. We discuss the possible influence of the input parameters including the evaporation efficiency, the initial spin period, and the initial surface magnetic field of the newborn neutron star. We compare the calculated results with the traditional low-mass X-ray binary evolution and suggest that they may reproduce at least part of the observed redbacks and black widows in the companion mass–orbital period plane depending on the mechanisms of angular momentum loss associated with evaporation.
Testing the Viewing Angle Hypothesis for Short GRBs with LIGO Events
Authors: Eichler David
Published: December 2017

It has been suggested that short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have shorter or undetectable spectral lags than longer GRBs because for the former, the observer's line of sight makes a larger angle with the GRB jet axis than it does for the latter. It is proposed that simultaneous gravitational-wave–short-GRB events could provide a simple test of this hypothesis. Multimessenger astronomy eventually may test whether event horizons are a necessary ingredient for GRBs.
Pulsar J1411+2551: A Low-mass Double Neutron Star System
Authors: Martinez J. G. , Stovall K. , Freire P. C. C. , Deneva J. S. , Tauris T. M. , Ridolfi A. , Wex N. , Jenet F. A. , McLaughlin M. A. , Bagchi M.
Published: December 2017

In this work, we report the discovery and characterization of PSR J1411+2551, a new binary pulsar discovered in the Arecibo 327 MHz Drift Pulsar Survey. Our timing observations of the radio pulsar in the system span a period of about 2.5 years. This timing campaign allowed a precise measurement of its spin period (62.4 ms) and its derivative (9.6 ± 0.7) × 10−20 s s−1; from these, we derive a characteristic age of >9.1 Gyr and a surface magnetic field strength of <2.6 × 109 G. These numbers indicate that this pulsar was mildly recycled by accretion of matter from the progenitor of the companion star. The system has an eccentric (e = 0.17) 2.61 day orbit. This eccentricity allows a highly significant measurement of the rate of advance of periastron,

. Assuming general relativity accurately describes the orbital motion, this implies a total system mass M = 2.538 ± 0.022 M
⊙. The minimum companion mass is 0.92 M
⊙ and the maximum pulsar mass is 1.62 M
⊙. The large companion mass and the orbital eccentricity suggest that PSR J1411+2551 is a double neutron star system; the lightest known to date including the DNS merger GW170817. Furthermore, the relatively low orbital eccentricity and small proper motion limits suggest that the second supernova had a relatively small associated kick; this and the low system mass suggest that it was an ultra-stripped supernova.
Comparative Study on Adding Pioglitazone or Sitagliptin to Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Insufficiently Controlled With Metformin
Authors: Jameshorani Maryam , Sayari Saba , Kiahashemi Narjes , Motamed Nima
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a progressive disorder that often requires combination therapy.AIM: This study aimed to compare and study of add-on sitagliptin versus pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin.METHODS: This 12-week, randomised, open-label and single centre study compared sitagliptin (100 mg daily, n = 80) and pioglitazone (30 mg daily, n = 80) in type 2 diabetic patients whose disease was not adequately controlled with metformin.RESULTS: The mean change in HbA1c from baseline was -1.001 ± 0.83 with sitagliptin and -0.75 ± 1.20 with pioglitazone, and there were no significant difference between groups (P = 0.132). The mean change in fasting blood sugar (FBS) was -18.48 ± 33.32 mg/dl with sitagliptin and -20.53 ± 53.97 mg/dl with pioglitazone, and there were no significant difference between groups (P = 0.773). Sitagliptin caused 1.08 ± 2.39 kg decrease in weight, whereas pioglitazone caused 0.27 ± 2.42 kg increase in weight, with a between-group difference of 0.81 kg (P < 0.001). On the other hand, in sitagliptin group, there was greater improvement in lipid profile than pioglitazone group.CONCLUSION: Sitagliptin and Pioglitazone demonstrated similar improvements in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients whose diabetes had been inadequately controlled with metformin. Nevertheless, sitagliptin was more effective than pioglitazone regarding lipid and body weight change.
Soluções saturada, insaturada e supersaturada e suas representações por licenciandos em química
Authors: Ribas Jeferson Ferreti , Broietti Fabiele Cristiane Dias , Vida Leal Luana Pires , Passos Marinez Meneghello
Published: December 2017

Neste estudo buscamos analisar o entendimento que licenciandos em Química possuem a respeito dos diferentes tipos de soluções quanto à sua saturação, a partir de suas representações e posterior explicação delas. As respostas dos estudantes foram analisadas à luz dos pressupostos da Análise de Conteúdo e agrupadas em 4 categorias. Por meio das categorias obtidas, constatamos que a maioria dos participantes não conseguiu explicar corretamente o conceito de uma solução saturada, insaturada ou supersaturada e, em consequência disso, apresentaram dificuldades para representá-las. Além disso, verificamos que os estudantes representaram os diferentes tipos de soluções por meio de conceitos macroscópicos sem considerar as interações entre soluto e solvente. No que diz respeito ao entendimento sobre o conteúdo investigado, ficou notável que os licenciandos não possuem o léxico específico para explicar o conceito de forma adequada.
Um estudo de caso no setor de pós-venda: análise da confiabilidade de coletores de lixo e da satisfação dos clientes
Authors: Menezes Jéssica Silva , Monteiro Junior Aluísio Dos Santos
Published: December 2017

O presente trabalho de pesquisa apresenta alguns conceitos básicos da engenharia da confiabilidade, incluindo a aplicação de uma Árvore de Falhas com uso voltado para o setor de pós-venda de uma empresa fabricante de coletores compactadores de lixo com objetivo de verificar se o desempenho do setor de pós-venda está de acordo com o nível de satisfação dos clientes e confrontar essas informações com os resultados obtidos no estudo de confiabilidade do produto. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi feito baseado em duas ações: pesquisa de satisfação voltada para o setor de pós-venda e levantamento de dados técnicos, como quantidade de peças concedidas em garantia e os custos totais envolvidos neste processo. Observou-se, na análise de confiabilidade do produto, que a fabricação dos comandos hidráulicos deve ser acompanhada mais de perto e aprimorada até que o item atinja a confiabilidade desejada, pois atualmente encontra-se em grau preocupante. A análise matemática e gráfica dos dados gerou material consistente para o auxílio à tomada de decisão, fazendo com que a confiabilidade se destacasse das demais dimensões da qualidade. Com isso, foram feitas à empresa pesquisada recomendações científicas para manter e alavancar a fidelidade de seu produto ou continuar indiferente aos riscos iminentes de uma perda de mercado e de difamações prejudiciais à marca.
Análise de riscos de um posto de combustíveis em Itaipuaçu utilizando a técnica Hazop
Authors: Barboza Douglas Vieira , Teixeira Marcos Alexandre , Lima Gilson Brito Alves
Published: December 2017

Postos de combustíveis encontram-se espalhados pelas estradas de todo o país e devido aos produtos que distribuem tem riscos inerentes a sua atividade, porém não existem muitos estudos que tratem do assunto tanto em estradas como em áreas urbanizas, como é o caso de Itaipuaçu. Logo este estudo se propõe a analisar os riscos envolvidos nos processos de um posto de combustíveis no distrito de Itaipuaçu desde o descarregamento até a revenda de produtos através do abastecimento de automóveis, assim identificando os perigos, causas e efeitos envolvidos. Para este trabalho se valeu da coleta de dados e posterior aplicação do método de análise de perigos e operabilidade (HazOp). É evidenciado nos resultados que o risco com maior criticidade neste tipo de empreendimento está relacionado a incêndios, explosões e eventos semelhantes, e são propostas  como medidas preventivas: a melhora na manutenção e inspeção, a capacitação do operador e a instalação de ferramentas de proteção para os equipamentos.
Conseiller, expert ou maître ? Interrogations autour de la dimension politique des Phénomènes
Authors: Lorgeoux Bouayad Laetitia
Published: December 2017

Résumé Les Phénomènes d’Aratos, commande d’Antigone Gonatas, avaient tout pour être une œuvre politique : l’amitié entre les deux hommes, le sujet du poème, et le genre didactique, propice à la distillation de conseils. Pourtant, on n’y trouve guère de réflexion politique ; il n’y a même aucune trace d’une adresse au roi. Ce paradoxe mérite qu’on étudie la réelle relation entre prince et poète, et que l’on en cherche d’éventuelles traces dans les Phénomènes . Il y aura alors lieu de s’interroger sur les silences de l’auteur ; et l’on se demandera dans quelle mesure cette modestie ressemble moins au précepteur stoïcien que l’on voit traditionnellement en Aratos qu’au poète de la cité idéale de Platon.
Les conseils des haruspices pour les prodiges de 56 av. J.-C.
Authors: Poulle Bruno
Published: December 2017

Résumé L’examen du discours de Cicéron Sur la réponse des haruspices montre que le texte de cette réponse cité par l’orateur est littéral mais incomplet, en particulier pour la liste des prodiges : pour l’un d’entre eux, on propose de retrouver le mode d’expiation qui, lui aussi, est absent du texte. Ce discours est, en tout cas, un très précieux témoignage de la manière dont les prêtres étrusques remplissaient leur rôle de conseillers et d’experts, en cherchant dans leurs documents anciens les directives qui s’appliquaient le mieux au présent, tout en laissant aux autorités romaines d’assez grandes marges d’interprétation et d’application.
Counsellor, Teacher, Friend. The apragmôn as Political Figure in Isocrates
Authors: Blank Thomas
Published: December 2017

Résumé Cet article vise à éclaircir comment la manière même dont Isocrate se façonne en apragmôn sert à définir une position politiquement pertinente pour l’intellectualisme aristocratique dans l’Athènes du iv e  siècle. Les textes isocratiques qui s’adressent à des monarques contemporains doivent être interprétés non comme témoignages d’un supposé changement de focalisation, d’Athènes vers un leadership monarchique, mais comme symboles du besoin politique d’un conseil qualifié, symbolisme qui souligne la pertinence politique d’une éducation éthique dans la démocratie athénienne d’après 403.
Sumbouloi : la perception de soi chez les orateurs attiques
Authors: Bianco Elisabetta
Published: December 2017

Résumé Quand on parle d’orateurs attiques, on pense au mot grec rhètores , mais en fait, si l’on analyse la perception qu’ils semblent avoir d’eux-mêmes, ce qui nous frappe, c’est l’effort que certains d’entre eux déploient pour ne pas être définis de cette manière et pour caractériser négativement par ce terme leurs ennemis politiques. En réalité, le choix d’utiliser ce titre comme une accusation paraît plutôt curieux, dans la mesure où celui qui la lance semble toujours oublier son propre statut de rhètôr pour dénoncer celui de l’adversaire. Pour remédier à cette évidente contradiction, il a donc fallu choisir un nouveau mot positif et, à travers l’analyse de diverses sources oratoires, il est prévu ici de mettre en évidence le rôle de Démosthène, qui imprime une nette impulsion à la diffusion du mot sumboulos (« conseiller », déjà utilisé, quoique rarement, chez ses prédécesseurs), pour caractériser celui qui sait parler en public en vue du bien supérieur de sa polis .
Cléandridas le Spartiate : un cas énigmatique
Authors: Mataranga Kalomira
Published: December 2017

Résumé Cléandridas est un personnage controversé : conseiller du roi de Sparte Pleistoanax lors de l’invasion péloponnésienne de l’Attique en 446, il fut accusé d’avoir reçu de l’argent de Périclès – donc d’avoir été corrompu – pour que les Péloponnésiens se retirent sans combattre. Le présent article se propose, dans cette assez troublante affaire d’invasion manquée, de revenir tant sur le rôle joué par le conseiller Cléandridas que par le « conseillé », le roi Pleistoanax ; l’examen des textes vise à faire émerger les mobiles possibles des parties prenantes, ainsi qu’à envisager les répercussions politiques et les enjeux internationaux de l’affaire. Enfin, en retraçant les étapes de la carrière de Cléandridas, nous ambitionnons ici de rendre quelque peu plus nette son image assez ambiguë, qui balance entre le stéréotype du « mauvais conseiller » et celui du commandant habile et compétent.
Antoninos, un ambassadeur alexandrin citoyen romain ayant trahi l’Empire
Authors: Rodriguez Chris
Published: December 2017

Résumé Le payrus CPJ  II 158, ou Acta Pauli et Antonini , est l’une des composantes les plus méconnues du corpus papyrologique des Acta Alexandrinorum . Ce document, très lacunaire, met aux prises deux ambassades, l’une juive et l’autre alexandrine, à la suite d’émeutes ayant troublé Alexandrie à la fin de l’été 115. Trois figures alexandrines émergent dans ce document : Paulos, Théon et surtout Antoninos. Les informations sur ces ambassadeurs de la cité d’Égypte sont minces, voire quasi-inexistantes. Si les dénommés Paulos et Théon semblent connus par la Souda , Antoninos reste depuis longtemps un personnage mystérieux. L’objectif de cette communication sera de montrer que Antoninos, prêt à mourir pour Alexandrie, était en réalité un citoyen romain, considéré comme un traître par les autorités romaines. Loin d’être le seul dans ce cas, Antoninos s’inscrivait dans une tradition plus ancienne d’ambassadeurs alexandrins qui, bien que détenteurs de la citoyenneté romaine, s’élevèrent contre un pouvoir politique qui ne leur convenait guère.
Un consolidamento antico con inzeppature metalliche in un paramento lapideo a Iasos (Caria)
Authors: Vitti Paolo
Published: December 2017

El artículo analiza una consolidación antigua en una pared de la gran terma en Iasos de Caria. El análisis se basa en la observación del uso inusual de elementos de hierro, insertados abundantemente en las juntas de una pared del caldarium. La inspección y estudio de las características constructivas del muro permitieron identificar un deterioro del revestimiento. Este último, formado por grandes y pesados bloques apenas esbozados y no unidos al núcleo del muro, se desprendió quizás por efecto de un terremoto. El uso de la cuña de hierro para crear contraste entre las piedras de un paramento constituía una solución óptima para consolidar la mampostería sin tener que desmontar todo el revestimiento.

[it] L’articolo analizza un consolidamento antico su una parete delle grandi terme a Iasos di Caria. L’analisi si basa sull’osservazione dell’impiego inconsueto di elementi di ferro, inseriti in abbondanza nei giunti di una parete del caldarium. Il rilievo e lo studio delle caratteristiche costruttive del muro hanno condotto all’identificazione di un dissesto del paramento. Quest’ultimo, formato da grandi e pesanti blocchi appena sbozzati e non ammorsati al nucleo della muratura in conglomerato, si distaccò forse per effetto di un terremoto. L’impiego di zeppe di ferro per creare contrasto tra le pietre di un paramento dissestato, costituiva una soluzione ottimale per consolidare la muratura senza dover smontare l’intero paramento.
El Hospicio Nacional de Alienados en la prensa de Río de Janeiro (1903-1911)
Authors: A. Venancio Ana Teresa , Saiol José Roberto
Published: December 2017

Este trabajo analiza la forma en que la prensa de la capital republicana difundió informaciones durante la primera década del siglo XX, contribuyendo a la formación de opiniones acerca del Hospicio Nacional de Alienados (HNA), primera institución psiquiátrica brasileña que abrió sus puertas en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro en 1852. Para esta investigación hemos analizado las noticias sobre el Hospicio en dos diarios: O Paiz y Correio da Manhã. Hemos seguido en ella tanto la historiografía brasileña más reciente, como la referente a la historia de la psiquiatría en Iberoamérica, con objeto de relativizar la relevancia otorgada a la psiquiatría y al manicomio en su función de control social, así como de apuntar su carácter híbrido y polifacético en las noticias que se publicaron en la prensa de la capital federal. En los dos periódicos, el conjunto variado de menciones sobre el HNA pone en juego tres puntos de vista: los dos primeros se centran en la descripción y el retrato de la vida institucional, llevado a cabo por prensa, en sus diferentes aspectos (administrativo, asistencial, científico); mientras que el tercero analiza aquellas situaciones en que el Hospicio se contempla como una solución para acontecimientos que perturbaban la vida de la ciudad.
Alcoholismo y degeneración en el Manicomio Departamental de Antioquia, Colombia (1920-1930)
Authors: Salazar Bermúdez Alejandro
Published: December 2017

En este artículo se analizan 159 historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnósticos relacionados al consumo de alcohol en el Manicomio Departamental de Antioquia entre 1920 y 1930. En esa década se inició una transformación institucional con la llegada a la dirección del Dr. Lázaro Uribe Calad. Además fue muy discutido entre médicos y políticos el lugar del alcoholismo como causa determinante de la degeneración racial. En los escritos médicos se evidencia una preocupación constante debido a las terribles consecuencias que podía traer el elevado consumo de alcohol en la sociedad. Sin embargo, en la revisión exhaustiva de fuentes como las estadísticas anuales del Manicomio y las historias clínicas, encontramos que la práctica clínica refleja otra realidad. Se concluye que la cantidad de pacientes que fueron diagnosticados como alcohólicos o cuya etiología estuvo vinculada con la bebida, fueron muy inferiores a los señalados por los médicos. Dichos ingresos respondieron principalmente a problemas de orden moral y social, mas no a cuestiones propiamente psiquiátricas.
El niño problema como objeto institucional: la psiquiatría infantil en Cuba, 1926-1945
Authors: Lynn Lambe Jennifer
Published: December 2017

El nacimiento de la psiquiatría infantil en Cuba en los años 1920 refleja el desarrollo de la psiquiatría como una disciplina con importancia social. La extensión de la pericia psiquiátrica se entrelazó con la figura del “niño problema”, quien se concibió como una metáfora para un estado soberano en desarrollo. Pero los reformadores sociales del momento frecuentemente tropezaron con el problema de la corrupción política en sus esfuerzos de rehabilitar a los niños enfermos y delincuentes. Al final, los psiquiatras y activistas que habían concebido al niño problema como un laboratorio poderoso para la regeneración política invertirían la dirección de su lógica causativa: fue el mismo estado que se tendría que rehabilitar para lograr sus metas médicas y sociales.
Andrés Bello y la difusión de la astronomía: Educación y retórica científica
Authors: Ramírez Errázuriz Verónica , Leyton Alvarado Patricio
Published: December 2017

En este trabajo se analizan los textos de divulgación astronómica escritos por Andrés Bello entre 1810 y 1848, desde sus propósitos educativos y su expresión retórica, proponiendo que aquellos se enfocan en mostrar el progreso de la astronomía -tanto en lo que se refiere al conocimiento de la naturaleza, como al avance en materia instrumental- como un saber que permite mejorar las condiciones materiales y cognitivas de las naciones, y cuya enseñanza debe realizarse a través de la activación de la imaginación y la creatividad. Esto último se relacionará con los esfuerzos de Bello por mantener una fuerte vinculación entre ciencias y artes, y en este caso concreto, entre astronomía y literatura.
La diversité des pratiques scientifiques au travers de l’histoire de la dioptrique : expérimentation d’une innovation pédagogique en classe de seconde en Tunisie
Authors: Slaïma Mohamed , Maurines Laurence
Published: December 2017

Deux séquences d’investigation visant à montrer la diversité des pratiques scientifiques ont été élaborées pour la classe de seconde de l’enseignement tunisien. Documentaires et fondées sur l’histoire de la loi de la réfraction, elles ont été expérimentées à un an d’intervalle par le même enseignant préalablement formé. Elles se distinguent par le fait que la première vise également à l’élaboration d’un savoir scientifique relatif à la loi de la réfraction. Les résultats obtenus auprès des deux groupes d’élèves (20 et 25 élèves) sont encourageants quant à l’évolution de leur image des pratiques scientifiques mais semblent révéler un rapport différent à l’innovation.
Knowledge of child development in the interface of theory and practice in foundation phase teacher education
Authors: Ragpot Lara
Published: December 2017

How the child develops and learns should be an integral part of pre-service teacher education programmes. This article argues that for foundation phase teachers to teach young children effectively, course content in initial teacher education (TE) should cultivate a thorough understanding of the developing child by infusing theories of childhood development into coursework and practicum. To strengthen this argument, the article gives examples of international TE programmes which recognise that child development should take preference in these programmes. However, for the future teacher to really know the developing child and how to intervene when optimal development is not in place, the theories on child development taught in coursework need to be done in tandem with practical work in a school classroom. This theory–practice interface in initial TE could be optimally supported in a foundation phase pre-service TE programme, which utilises a university-affiliated teaching school as site for practical cross articulation of coursework theory.
Risk Factors for Human Brucellosis in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Cash-Goldwasser Shama , Maze Michael J. , Rubach Matthew P. , Biggs Holly M. , Stoddard Robyn A. , Sharples Katrina J. , Halliday Jo E. B. , Cleaveland Sarah , Shand Michael C. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Muiruri Charles , Saganda Wilbrod , Lwezaula Bingileki F. , Kazwala Rudovick R. , Maro Venance P. , Crump John A.
Published: December 2017

Little is known about the epidemiology of human brucellosis in sub-Saharan Africa. This hampers prevention and control efforts at the individual and population levels. To evaluate risk factors for brucellosis in northern Tanzania, we conducted a study of patients presenting with fever to two hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania. Serum taken at enrollment and at 4–6 week follow-up was tested by Brucella microagglutination test. Among participants with a clinically compatible illness, confirmed brucellosis cases were defined as having a ≥ 4-fold rise in agglutination titer between paired sera or a blood culture positive for Brucella spp., and probable brucellosis cases were defined as having a single reciprocal titer ≥ 160. Controls had reciprocal titers < 20 in paired sera. We collected demographic and clinical information and administered a risk factor questionnaire. Of 562 participants in the analysis, 50 (8.9%) had confirmed or probable brucellosis. Multivariable analysis showed that risk factors for brucellosis included assisting goat or sheep births (Odds ratio [OR] 5.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4, 24.6) and having contact with cattle (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0, 1.4). Consuming boiled or pasteurized dairy products was protective against brucellosis (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02, 0.93). No participants received a clinical diagnosis of brucellosis from their healthcare providers. The under-recognition of brucellosis by healthcare workers could be addressed with clinician education and better access to brucellosis diagnostic tests. Interventions focused on protecting livestock keepers, especially those who assist goat or sheep births, are needed.
Sensitivity of atmospheric aerosol scavenging to precipitation intensity and frequency in the context of global climate change
Authors: Hou Pei , Wu Shiliang , McCarty Jessica L.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Wet deposition driven by precipitation is an important sink for atmospheric aerosols and soluble gases. We investigate the sensitivity of atmospheric aerosol lifetimes to precipitation intensity and frequency in the context of global climate change. Our study, based on the GEOS-Chem model simulation, shows that the removal efficiency and hence the atmospheric lifetime of aerosols have significantly higher sensitivities to precipitation frequencies than to precipitation intensities, indicating that the same amount of precipitation may lead to different removal efficiencies of atmospheric aerosols. Combining the long-term trends of precipitation patterns for various regions with the sensitivities of atmospheric aerosols lifetimes to various precipitation characteristics allows us to examine the potential impacts of precipitation changes on atmospheric aerosols. Analyses based on an observational dataset show that precipitation frequency in some regions have decreased in the past 14 years, which might increase the atmospheric aerosol lifetimes in those regions. Similar analyses based on multiple reanalysis meteorological datasets indicate that the precipitation changes over the past 30 years can lead to perturbations in the atmospheric aerosol lifetimes by 10 % or higher at the regional scale.
A new non-resonant laser-induced fluorescence instrument for the airborne in situ measurement of formaldehyde
Authors: St. Clair Jason M. , Swanson Andrew K. , Bailey Steven A. , Wolfe Glenn M. , Marrero Josette E. , Iraci Laura T. , Hagopian John G. , Hanisco Thomas F.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. A new in situ instrument for gas-phase formaldehyde (HCHO), COmpact Formaldehyde FluorescencE Experiment (COFFEE), is presented. COFFEE utilizes non-resonant laser-induced fluorescence (NR-LIF) to measure HCHO, with 300 mW of 40 kHz 355 nm laser output exciting multiple HCHO absorption features. The resulting HCHO fluorescence is collected at 5 ns resolution, and the fluorescence time profile is fit to yield the ambient HCHO mixing ratio. Typical 1σ precision at  ∼  0 pptv HCHO is 150 pptv for 1 s data. The compact instrument was designed to operate with minimal in-flight operator interaction and infrequent maintenance (1–2 times per year). COFFEE fits in the wing pod of the Alpha Jet stationed at the NASA Ames Research Center and has successfully collected HCHO data on 27 flights through 2017 March. The frequent flights, combined with a potentially long-term data set, makes the Alpha Jet a promising platform for validation of satellite-based column HCHO.
Coupling a three-dimensional subsurface flow and transport model with a land surface model to simulate stream–aquifer–land interactions (CP v1.0)
Authors: Bisht Gautam , Huang Maoyi , Zhou Tian , Chen Xingyuan , Dai Heng , Hammond Glenn E. , Riley William J. , Downs Janelle L. , Liu Ying , Zachara John M.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. A fully coupled three-dimensional surface and subsurface land model is developed and applied to a site along the Columbia River to simulate three-way interactions among river water, groundwater, and land surface processes. The model features the coupling of the Community Land Model version 4.5 (CLM4.5) and a massively parallel multiphysics reactive transport model (PFLOTRAN). The coupled model, named CP v1.0, is applied to a 400 m × 400 m study domain instrumented with groundwater monitoring wells along the Columbia River shoreline. CP v1.0 simulations are performed at three spatial resolutions (i.e., 2, 10, and 20 m) over a 5-year period to evaluate the impact of hydroclimatic conditions and spatial resolution on simulated variables. Results show that the coupled model is capable of simulating groundwater–river-water interactions driven by river stage variability along managed river reaches, which are of global significance as a result of over 30 000 dams constructed worldwide during the past half-century. Our numerical experiments suggest that the land-surface energy partitioning is strongly modulated by groundwater–river-water interactions through expanding the periodically inundated fraction of the riparian zone, and enhancing moisture availability in the vadose zone via capillary rise in response to the river stage change. Meanwhile, CLM4.5 fails to capture the key hydrologic process (i.e., groundwater–river-water exchange) at the site, and consequently simulates drastically different water and energy budgets. Furthermore, spatial resolution is found to significantly impact the accuracy of estimated the mass exchange rates at the boundaries of the aquifer, and it becomes critical when surface and subsurface become more tightly coupled with groundwater table within 6 to 7 meters below the surface. Inclusion of lateral subsurface flow influenced both the surface energy budget and subsurface transport processes as a result of river-water intrusion into the subsurface in response to an elevated river stage that increased soil moisture for evapotranspiration and suppressed available energy for sensible heat in the warm season. The coupled model developed in this study can be used for improving mechanistic understanding of ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical cycling along river corridors under historical and future hydroclimatic changes. The dataset presented in this study can also serve as a good benchmarking case for testing other integrated models.
PCR-GLOBWB 2: a 5 arc-minute global hydrological
and water resources model
Authors: Sutanudjaja Edwin H. , van Beek Rens , Wanders Niko , Wada Yoshihide , Bosmans Joyce H. C. , Drost Niels , van der Ent Ruud J. , de Graaf Inge E. M. , Hoch Jannis M. , de Jong Kor , Karssenberg Derek , López López Patricia , Peßenteiner Stefanie , Schmitz Oliver , Straatsma Menno W. , Vannametee Ekkamol , Wisser Dominik , Bierkens Marc F. P.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. We present PCR-GLOBWB 2, a global hydrology and water resources model. Compared to previous versions of PCR-GLOBWB, this version fully integrates water use. Sector-specific water demand, groundwater and surface water withdrawal, water consumption and return flows are dynamically calculated at every time step and interact directly with the simulated hydrology. PCR-GLOBWB 2 has been fully rewritten in Python and PCRaster-Python and has a modular structure, allowing easier replacement, maintenance, and development of model components. PCR-GLOBWB 2 has been implemented at 5 arc-minute resolution, but a version parameterized at 30 arc-minute resolution is also available. Both versions are available as open source codes on https://github.com/UU-Hydro/PCR-GLOBWB_model. PCR-GLOBWB 2 has its own routines for groundwater dynamics and surface water routing. These relatively simple routines can alternatively be replaced by dynamically coupling PCR-GLOBWB 2 to a global two-layer groundwater model and 1D-2D-hydrodynamic models, respectively. Here, we describe the main components of the model, compare results of the 30 arcminute and the 5 arc-minute versions and evaluate their model performance using GRDC discharge data. Results show that model performance of the 5 arc-minute version is notably better than that of the 30 arc-minute version. Furthermore, we compare simulated time series of total water storage (TWS) of the 5 arc-minute model with those observed with GRACE, showing similar negative trends in areas of prevalent groundwater depletion. Also, we find that simulated water withdrawal, by source and sector, matches reasonably well with reported water withdrawal from AQUASTAT.
A modified pseudo-rigid-body modeling approach for compliant mechanisms with fixed-guided beam flexures
Authors: Liu Pengbo , Yan Peng
Published: December 2017

Abstract. In the present paper, we investigate a modified pseudo-rigid-body (MPRB) modeling approach for compliant mechanisms with fixed-guided beam flexures by considering the nonlinear effects of center-shifting and load-stiffening. In particular, a fixed-guided compliant beam is modeled as a pair of fixed-free compliant beams jointed at the inflection point, where each fixed-free beam flexure is further modeled by a rigid link connected with an extension spring by a torsion spring, based on the beam constraint model (BCM). Meanwhile, the characteristic parameters of the proposed MPRB model are no longer constant values, but affected by the applied general tip load, especially the axial force. The developed MPRB modeling method is then applied to the analysis of three common compliant mechanisms (i.e. compound parallelogram mechanisms, bistable mechanisms and 1-DOF translational mechanisms), which is further verified by the finite element analysis (FEA) results. The proposed MPRB model provides a more accurate method to predict the performance characteristics such as deformation capability, stiffness variation, as well as error motions of complaint mechanisms with fixed-guided beam flexures, and offers a new look into the design and optimization of beam-based compliant mechanisms.
The influence of soil on the impacts of burst water mains on infrastructure and society: A mixed methods investigation
Authors: Farewell Timothy S. , Jude Simon , Pritchard Oliver
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Society relies on infrastructure, but colocation and interdependencies make infrastructure systems vulnerable to cascading failures. This study investigated cross-infrastructure and societal impacts of burst water mains, with the hypotheses that (1) burst main-triggered cross-infrastructure failures are more common in sandy soils and (2) mixed-methods approaches are more beneficial than pure data analysis for understanding the wide-ranging impacts of these events. When water mains in sandy soils burst, pressurised water can create sub-surface voids and abrasive slurries, contributing to further infrastructure failures. To investigate the role of soil in hosting cascading infrastructure failures, maps of soil sand content for England and Wales were created. Analysis of the infrastructure impacts arising from burst mains combined; (1) spatio-temporal clustering and analysis of infrastructure failure data, (2) meta-analysis of web-based media reports of burst mains impacting on other networks, and (3) workshop discussions and structured interviews with infrastructure industry experts. The workshop, interviews and media reports produced a greater depth of information on the infrastructure and societal impacts of cascading failures than the spatio-temporal data analysis. Cross infrastructure impacts were most common on roads, built structures and gas pipes, and occurred at a higher rate in soils with very high sand contents.