bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DOMINAÇÃO, RELAÇÕES DE GÊNERO E TRAJETÓRIAS DE ELEVAÇÃO DA ESCOLARIDADE
Authors: Matos Ivy Daniela Monteiro
Published: December 2017

RESUMO: Este artigo toma as trajetórias de elevação da escolaridade das mulheres fora da idade escolar, discutindo a (des)construção da identidade de gênero deste grupo e investigando as relações de dominação e poder nas quais essas mulheres estão inseridas. Para tal realizou-se entrevista oral semiestruturada com grupo de 11 mulheres, categorizando-as: com ou sem trabalho remunerado, com ou sem filho, com ou sem companheiro, de diferentes faixas etárias. As relações de dominação são discutidas fazendo o diálogo entre uma abordagem sociológica, estendendo ao mundo do trabalho e à educação, à luz dos estudos de Pierre Bourdieu e de Max Weber. A trajetória dessas mulheres ao romper com o espaço doméstico e voltar à escola demonstra que a avaliação de políticas públicas focadas nas relações de gênero deve ir bem além das fronteiras do mercado de trabalho.
O DIREITO (EN)GENDRANDO IDENTIDADES TRANS: ANALISE DOS VOTOS DE INDEFERIMENTO DA RETIFICAÇÃO DE REGISTRO CIVIL NO TJRS
Authors: Teixeira Róger Ruoso , Maia Gabriela Felten da
Published: December 2017

O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar as decisões do Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul - TJRS, proferidas a partir do ano de 2010, em sede recursal de apelação, referentes às demandas que objetivavam a retificação de sexo/gênero do registro de nascimento de pessoas trans. Objetivou-se identificar através dos votos proferidos pelos operadores do direito (Desembargadores), a existência de produção e reprodução de tecnologias de gênero, de discursos nutridos de apropriação de saberes médicos e utilização de representações sobre o que é ser homem e ser mulher. Mediante a análise hermenêutica, com o auxílio das teorias feministas sobre sexo, gênero e transexualidade, analisou-se seis decisões do proferidas TJRS que, em sede de apelação, não reconheceram o direito à retificação de sexo/gênero no registro de nascimento de pessoas trans. A referida análise demonstrou que as decisões dos julgadores fundamentaram o não acolhimento dos pedidos com base nas representações socialmente compartilhadas de gênero, eivadas de discurso científico, dos julgadores sobre o tema em discussão nos pleitos.
Lithuania: A Social Portrait of the Elite Born in 1945–1947
Authors: Matulionis Arvydas Virgilijus
Published: December 2017

The article is based on the biographies of the members of elite published in the ency­clopaedia Lietuva (Lithuania), and on interviews with these persons. Men outnumber women in this cohort of the Lithuanian elite. Part of its representatives was born in the countryside, but others had their social roots in cities and towns, particularly in Kaunas. Later most of them came to Vilnius and have been living in the capital of Lithuania. Their parents belonged to the intelligentsia. Part of this generation was deported to Siberia. Institutions of higher learning, in particular Vilnius University and Kaunas Polytechnical Institute, were the channels of vertical social mobility, although some of the representatives of the future elite received their professional education in Moscow, Leningrad, Novosibirsk, and other universities in Russia. The majority of the elite born in 1945–1947 are Lithuanians, but there is also a high percentage of Jews. A qualitative research shows that these people cannot be labelled as a lost generation, because the achievements of the elite of this particular age group are significant.
Professionalization without Autonomy: The Italian Case of Building the Nursing Profession
Authors: Sena Barbara
Published: December 2017

The nursing professionalization is still a work in progress, especially because forms of medical dominance and conflicts with other health professions often undermine its professional autonomy. This article contributes to the understanding of the relationship between professionalization and autonomy building in the health professions by presenting the case of Italian nursing, where medical dominance, supported by the legal system, is the main factor preventing nursing from achieving professional autonomy. The work aims particularly to understand how professionalization and professional autonomy can follow two parallel and sometimes opposite paths toward building the nursing profession, and the role of academic knowledge and specialized roles to legitimize and strengthen professional autonomy. The analysis draws on the literature addressing professionalization, professional autonomy, and medical dominance, as well as various sources on Italian nursing. They include national legislation, research literature, and national sociological surveys on Italian nurses.
Where Are We Now? Survey on Rates of Faculty Self-Deposit in Institutional Repositories
Authors: Tillman Ruth Kitchin
Published: December 2017

INTRODUCTION The literature of institutional repositories generally indicates that faculty do not self-deposit, but there is a gap in the research of reported self-deposit numbers that might indicate how widespread and common this is. METHODS This study was conducted using a survey instrument that requested information about whether a repository allowed self-deposit and what its rates of self-deposit were, if known. The instrument contained additional questions intended to gather a broader context of repositories to be examined for any correlations with higher rates of self-deposit. It also included questions about the kinds of labor required to populate an IR as well as satisfaction with the rates of self-deposit. RESULTS Of 82 respondents, 80 were deemed to fall within the study’s parameters. Of these, 55 respondents’ institutions allowed self-deposit, and 10 reported rates of self-deposit of more than 20 items per month. More than half the total respondents reported using at least three methods other than relying on self-deposit to add content to their repository. Respondents are generally unsatisfied with their deposit profiles, including one at a school reporting the highest rate of self-deposit. DISCUSSION From the responses, no profile could be formed of respondents reporting high rates of self-deposit that did not entirely overlap with many others reporting little or no self-deposit. However, the survey identifies factors without which high rates are unlikely. CONCLUSION The results of this survey may be most useful as a factor in administrative prioritizations and expectations regarding institutional repositories as sites of scholarly self-deposit.
A Systematic Assessment of the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Fault Activation Through Induced Seismicity in Oklahoma and Southern Kansas
Authors: Schoenball Martin , Ellsworth William L.
Published: December 2017

Much of Oklahoma and southern Kansas has seen widespread seismic activity in the last decade that is attributed to large‐scale wastewater disposal into the Arbuckle group. Using a waveform‐relocated earthquake catalog, we perform a systematic study of the activity on several hundreds of identified faults. We use 93 sequences with at least 30 events for a detailed analysis of their spatiotemporal evolution. For most awakened faults, seismicity tends to initiate at shallower depth and migrates deeper along the faults as the sequence proceeds. No major sequence starts with the largest earthquake, and many sequences initiate months before they rise to peak activity. We study temporal clustering as a means to quantify earthquake interactions. Some sequences show no temporal clustering similar to Poissonian background seismicity but at much higher rate than the natural background. Other sequences exhibit strong temporal clustering akin to main shock‐aftershock sequences. We conclude that once initiated by anthropogenic forcing, portions of the activated faults in the Oklahoma/Kansas area are close enough to failure to continue failing through earthquake interactions. In many sequences, including those with the largest earthquakes, seismicity continues within the previously activated region rather than by growing the activated area. Therefore, monitoring seismicity with a low magnitude threshold and high location precision has the potential to detect minor activity as it initiates failure on specific faults and thus provide time to take actions to mitigate the occurrence of potentially damaging earthquakes.
Measurement of Seafloor Deformation in the Marine Sector of the Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy)
Authors: Iannaccone Giovanni , Guardato Sergio , Donnarumma Gian Paolo , De Martino Prospero , Dolce Mario , Macedonio Giovanni , Chierici Francesco , Beranzoli Laura
Published: December 2017

We present an assessment of vertical seafloor deformation in the shallow marine sector of the Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy) obtained from GPS and bottom pressure recorder (BPR) data, acquired over the period April 2016 to July 2017 in the Gulf of Pozzuoli by a new marine infrastructure, MEDUSA. This infrastructure consists of four fixed buoys with GPS receivers; each buoy is connected by cable to a seafloor multisensor module hosting a BPR. The measured maximum vertical uplift of the seafloor is about 4.2 ± 0.4 cm. The MEDUSA data were then compared to the expected vertical displacement in the marine sector according to a Mogi model point source computed using only GPS land measurements. The results show that a single point source model of deformation is able to explain both the GPS land and seafloor data. Moreover, we demonstrate that a network of permanent GPS buoys represents a powerful tool to measure the seafloor vertical deformation field in shallow water. The performance of this system is comparable to on‐land high‐precision GPS networks, marking a significant achievement and advance in seafloor geodesy and extending volcano monitoring capabilities to shallow offshore areas (up to 100 m depth). The GPS measurements of MEDUSA have also been used to confirm that the BPR data provide an independent measure of the seafloor vertical uplift in shallow water.
Impact of Intraseasonal Oscillations on the Tropical Cyclone Activity Over the Gulf of Mexico and Western Caribbean Sea in GFDL HiRAM
Authors: Gao Kun , Chen Jan‐Huey , Harris Lucas M. , Lin Shian‐Jiann , Xiang Baoqiang , Zhao Ming
Published: December 2017

The tropical cyclones (TCs) that form over the warm waters in the Gulf of Mexico region pose a major threat to the surrounding coastal communities. Skillful subseasonal prediction of TC activity is important for early preparedness and reducing the TC damage in this region. In this study, we evaluate the performance of a 25 km resolution Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) High Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM) in simulating the modulation of the TC activity in the Gulf of Mexico and western Caribbean Sea by the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) based on multiyear retrospective seasonal predictions. We demonstrate that the HiRAM faithfully captures the observed influence of ISO on TC activity over the region of interest, including the formation of tropical storms and (major) hurricanes, as well as the landfalling storms. This is likely because of the realistic representation of the large‐scale anomalies associated with boreal summer ISO over Northeast Pacific in HiRAM, especially the enhanced (reduced) moisture throughout the troposphere during the convectively enhanced (suppressed) phase of ISO. The reasonable performance of HiRAM suggests its potential for the subseasonal prediction of regional TC risk.
Blind adaptive identification of 2‐channel systems using bias‐compensated RLS algorithm
Authors: Jia Lijuan , Lou Jian , Yang Zijiang
Published: December 2017

This paper studies the problem of blind adaptive identification, which focuses on how to obtain the consistent estimation of channel characteristics when only the output signal of each transmission channel is available. To solve this problem, traditional algorithms usually construct a single‐input–multiple‐output system resorting to the technique of antenna array or time oversampling. However, they simply suppose that the noise of each channel is known a priori or balanced, which cannot always be satisfied in practice. Therefore, considering the practical situation where the noise of each transmission channel is both unknown and unbalanced, a bias‐compensated recursive least‐squares algorithm is proposed, which can estimate the unbalanced noises in real time and obtain the consistent estimation of channel characteristics. Simulation results illustrate the good performance of the proposed algorithm under different signal‐to‐noise‐ratio conditions.
Fabrication and Properties of Micro‐ and Nanoscale Metallic Glassy Wires: A Review
Authors: Yi Jun
Published: December 2017

A large number of metallic glasses (MGs) with high mechanical and functional performance that cannot be achieved by traditional metals in various alloy systems have been developed. At the same time, people realized that micro‐ and nanoscale wires can improve properties and extend functionality of bulk materials. Therefore, intensive effort has been made to fabricate micro‐ and nanoscale MG wires, and study their mechanical and physical behavior to achieve high performance. This article reviews fabrication, properties and applications of the wires, and presents technical and theoretical challenges, which must be tackled to achieve high‐performance MG wire devices and understand physical mechanisms of mechanical and functional behaviors of the wires.
Preconcentration of Nitroalkanes with Archetype Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Concept for a Sensitive Sensing of Explosives in the Gas Phase
Authors: Rieger Max , Wittek Michael , Scherer Philip , Löbbecke Stefan , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus
Published: December 2017

Thermal desorption based enrichment is a general concept that can enhance any detection system's sensitivity and selectivity. Given their large interior surface area and chemical versatility, archetype metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are selected for preconcentration of explosives and their precursors occurring in low concentrations, and are compared to the state‐of‐the‐art sorbent Tenax TA. Applying inverse gas chromatography (iGC), this study shows that several archetype MOFs, namely HKUST‐1 and MIL‐53, surpass Tenax regarding their specific retention volume for nitromethane, a typical ingredient in improvised explosives. Using linear hydrocarbons as reference probe molecules, the dispersive surface energy is determined for all MOFs along with the specific contribution of the nitro group for HKUST‐1 and ZIF‐8. Trends from pulse‐chromatographic iGC‐investigations are mostly followed in breakthrough and thermal desorption experiments using a 1000 ppm nitromethane source. In these experiments, HKUST‐1 proves the peak substance, with enrichment factors being 109‐fold higher than for Tenax, followed by MIL‐53. In case of HKUST‐1, this factor is successfully reproduced for a 1 ppm concentration scenario. This shows that archetype MOFs can be suitable or even superior candidates for a sensitive sensing of nitroalkane explosives from the gas phase by a concept of preconcentration.
Ultrasensitive NIR‐SERRS Probes with Multiplexed Ratiometric Quantification for In Vivo Antibody Leads Validation
Authors: Kang Homan , Jeong Sinyoung , Jo Ahla , Chang Hyejin , Yang Jin‐Kyoung , Jeong Cheolhwan , Kyeong San , Lee Youn Woo , Samanta Animesh , Maiti Kaustabh Kumar , Cha Myeong Geun , Kim Taek‐Keun , Lee Sukmook , Jun Bong‐Hyun , Chang Young‐Tae , Chung Junho , Lee Ho‐Young , Jeong Dae Hong , Lee Yoon‐Sik
Published: December 2017

Immunotargeting ability of antibodies may show significant difference between in vitro and in vivo. To select antibody leads with high affinity and specificity, it is necessary to perform in vivo validation of antibody candidates following in vitro antibody screening. Herein, a robust in vivo validation of anti‐tetraspanin‐8 antibody candidates against human colon cancer using ratiometric quantification method is reported. The validation is performed on a single mouse and analyzed by multiplexed surface‐enhanced Raman scattering using ultrasensitive and near infrared (NIR)‐active surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering nanoprobes (NIR‐SERRS dots). The NIR‐SERRS dots are composed of NIR‐active labels and Au/Ag hollow‐shell assembled silica nanospheres. A 93% of NIR‐SERRS dots is detectable at a single‐particle level and signal intensity is 100‐fold stronger than that from nonresonant molecule‐labeled spherical Au NPs (80 nm). The result of SERRS‐based antibody validation is comparable to that of the conventional method using single‐photon‐emission computed tomography. The NIR‐SERRS‐based strategy is an alternate validation method which provides cost‐effective and accurate multiplexing measurements for antibody‐based drug development.
Hyperstage Graphite: Electrochemical Synthesis and Spontaneous Reactive Exfoliation
Authors: Jeon Intak , Yoon Bora , He Maggie , Swager Timothy M.
Published: December 2017

Covalent modification of the π‐electron basal planes of graphene enables the formation of new materials with enhanced functionality. An electrochemical method is reported for the formation of what is referred to as a Hyperstage‐1 graphite intercalation compound (GIC), which has a very large interlayer spacing d001 > 15.3 Å and contains disordered interstitial molecules/ions. This material is highly activated and undergoes spontaneous exfoliation when reacted with diazonium ions to produce soluble graphenes with high functionalization densities of one pendant aromatic ring for every 12 graphene carbons. Critical to achieving high functionalization density is the Hyperstage‐1 GIC state, a weakening of the van der Waals coupling between adjacent graphene layers, and the ability of reactants to diffuse into the disordered intercalate phase between the layers. Graphene functionalization with 3,5‐dinitrophenyl groups provides for exceptional dispersibility (0.24 mg mL−1) in N,N‐dimethylformamide and for conjugation with amines.
Cu‐Decorated ZnO Nanorod Array Integrated Structured Catalysts for Low‐Pressure CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol
Authors: Du Shoucheng , Tang Wenxiang , Lu Xingxu , Wang Sibo , Guo Yanbing , Gao Pu‐Xian
Published: December 2017

CO2 conversion into valuable chemicals and fuels, such as methanol, is one of the most practical routes for utilizing emitted CO2 and mitigating global warming. Herein, a 3D Cu‐decorated ZnO nanorod array based structured catalysts for efficient thermochemical CO2 hydrogenation to methanol at relatively low pressures (<10 atm) is successfully fabricated and demonstrated. This new type of nanorod array integrated structured catalysts has yielded a methanol formation rate of 1.9 mol h−1 kg−1 with a methanol selectivity of 56%, rivaling the state‐of‐the‐art powder‐form catalysts. The well‐dispersed copper species on the array structure as well as the array‐structure‐enhanced interfacial effect are key factors that improve the activity of the nanorod array catalysts in CO2 hydrogenation. The Cu‐ZnO nanorod array interface also suppresses reverse water‐gas shift reaction, reducing the selectivity to CO. Further improvement of the performance of the nanorod array based catalysts is demonstrated by tuning the ZnO nanorod array length. The developed nanorod array integrated monolithic catalysts also exhibit good stability during a long‐time continuous operation, demonstrating the potential and the feasibility of their practical implementation in industrial situation.
Combining Light‐Gated and pH‐Responsive Nanopore Based on PEG‐Spiropyran Functionalization
Authors: Ma Tianji , Walko Martin , Lepoitevin Mathilde , Janot Jean‐Marc , Balanzat Emmanuel , Kocer Armagan , Balme Sebastien
Published: December 2017

To mimic the selectivity and properties of biological channels and pumps, adaptive systems can be designed using artificial membranes. One big advantage of those membranes is that they are able to respond to several stimuli at the same time. Here, it is proposed to tailor conical nanopores by grafting polyethyleneglycol (PEG)‐spiropyrans in order to combine both light‐ and pH‐responsive properties. The study of the ionic transport reveals that after UV irradiation the nanopore is open while after visible irradiation, it is closed. This gating property is due to the self‐assembly of PEG‐spiropyran. The reversibility of the assembly inside the nanopore strongly depends on the solvent. Indeed, water blocks the photoswitchable molecule in its zwitterionic form, while ethanol favors the conformational switching. Under UV irradiation, the pH can control the nanopore selectivity. It is demonstrated that at acidic pH, the nanopore is selective to anion while at neutral pH the cation transport is favored.
The role of local government in migrant and refugee settlement in regional and rural Australia
Authors: Boese Martina , Phillips Melissa
Published: December 2017

Government responsibility for the settlement of newly arrived refugees and migrants in Australia is shared between the federal, state and local levels. While Australia's settlement policies are predominantly top‐down and Commonwealth driven with some state involvement, local government has the potential to play a greater role in facilitating the settlement of newly arrived migrants and refugees. A growing body of literature in Australia and overseas highlights the role of local‐level policies in supporting integration and social cohesion, which is arguably even more crucial in the context of migrant and refugee settlement in regional and rural areas. This paper draws on focus groups with 90 local stakeholders in eight local government areas in Victoria to propose a typology of local government involvement that shows the variable but potentially significant role of local government in the regional and rural settlement of recent arrivals. We argue that Australia's over 560 local governments provide crucial but underutilised governance resources for improving the settlement process. This finding has implications for settlement policies and funding, intergovernmental coordination, and the retention of migrants and refugees in regional and rural communities in Australia.
Spectroscopic Evidence for Ligand Substitution Reactions at the Solid–Liquid Interface of a Sub‐micrometer Gold(I) Carbene Complex
Authors: Langford Daniel , Đurović Mirjana , Oszajca Marcin , Kuncewicz Joanna , van Eldik Rudi
Published: December 2017

Colloidal coordination compounds in the sub‐micrometer range were synthesized from a chloro gold(I) carbene complex via the anti‐solvent procedure and stabilized by a surfactant shell of Tween 20. This compound was successfully applied as model system to monitor heterogeneous multiphase ligand substitution reactions at the solid–liquid interface.
Heterologous Expression, Biosynthetic Studies, and Ecological Function of the Selective Gq‐Signaling Inhibitor FR900359
Authors: Crüsemann Max , Reher Raphael , Schamari Isabella , Brachmann Alexander O. , Ohbayashi Tsubasa , Kuschak Markus , Malfacini Davide , Seidinger Alexander , Pinto‐Carbó Marta , Richarz René , Reuter Tatjana , Kehraus Stefan , Hallab Asis , Attwood Misty , Schiöth Helgi B. , Mergaert Peter , Kikuchi Yoshitomo , Schäberle Till F. , Kostenis Evi , Wenzel Daniela , Müller Christa E. , Piel Jörn , Carlier Aurélien , Eberl Leo , König Gabriele M.
Published: December 2017

The cyclic depsipeptide FR900359 (FR), isolated from the tropical plant Ardisia crenata, is a strong and selective inhibitor of Gq proteins, making it an indispensable pharmacological tool to study Gq‐related processes, as well as a promising drug candidate. Gq inhibition is a novel mode of action for defense chemicals and crucial for the ecological function of FR, as shown by in vivo experiments in mice, its affinity to insect Gq proteins, and insect toxicity studies. The uncultured endosymbiont of A. crenata was sequenced, revealing the FR nonribosomal peptide synthetase (frs) gene cluster. We here provide a detailed model of FR biosynthesis, supported by in vitro enzymatic and bioinformatic studies, and the novel analogue AC‐1, which demonstrates the flexibility of the FR starter condensation domains. Finally, expression of the frs genes in E. coli led to heterologous FR production in a cultivable, bacterial host for the first time.
A Six‐Oxidase Cascade for Tandem C−H Bond Activation Revealed by Reconstitution of Bicyclomycin Biosynthesis
Authors: Meng Song , Han Wei , Zhao Juan , Jian Xiao‐Hong , Pan Hai‐Xue , Tang Gong‐Li
Published: December 2017

As a commercial antibiotic, bicyclomycin (BCM) is currently the only known natural product targeting the transcription termination factor rho. It belongs to a family of highly functionalized diketopiperazine (DKP) alkaloids and bears a unique O‐bridged bicyclo[4.2.2]piperazinedione ring system, a C1 triol, and terminal exo‐methylene groups. We have identified and characterized the BCM biosynthetic pathway by heterologous biotransformations, in vitro biochemical assays, and one‐pot enzymatic synthesis. A tRNA‐dependent cyclodipeptide synthase guides the heterodimerization of leucine and isoleucine to afford the DKP precursor; subsequently, six redox enzymes, including five α‐ketoglutarate/Fe2+‐dependent dioxygenases and one cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, regio‐ and stereoselectively install four hydroxy groups (primary, secondary, and two tertiary), an exo‐methylene moiety, and a medium‐sized bridged ring through the functionalization of eight unactivated C−H bonds.
Kinetic studies of POSS–DGEBA precursors derived from monoamine functional POSS using dynamic dielectric sensing and nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Sharma Amit K. , Hassan Mohammad K. , Tu Jianwei , Mauritz Kenneth A. , Wiggins Jeffrey S.
Published: December 2017

Incorporation of pre‐reacted monofunctional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)–epoxy adducts dramatically improves dispersion of POSS in epoxy–amine networks. The relationship between reaction kinetics and mechanism for formation of POSS–epoxy adducts versus reaction temperature was investigated. Reactivities of epoxy–monoamine functional POSS molecules were determined using in situ reaction monitoring by dynamic dielectric sensing and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. The amine‐functional POSS–epoxy isothermal reaction showed reduced reactivity due to reduced molecular mobility, that is, diffusion limitations. Kinetic parameters were determined by fitting 29Si NMR data to the model of Kamal that was extended to include diffusion. Fitting of this model to experimental data showed very good agreement over the entire conversion range for pre‐reaction between amine‐functionalized POSS and epoxy. An autocatalytic mechanism, the same as that for the neat epoxy–amine systems, was indicated. Gel permeation chromatography, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate molecular weight evolution and morphology of final networks cured by 4,4′ diaminodiphenyl sulfone using pre‐reacted POSS–epoxy adducts. POSS aggregate size decreased with increased pre‐reaction temperature; more homogenous POSS dispersion was observed with higher pre‐reaction temperature. Dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated that Tg of composites decreased slightly compared to that of the neat matrix and there appeared to be little change in microstructural heterogeneity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45994.
Association Between Marginal Jawbone Loss and Onset of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Relationship to Plasma Levels of RANKL
Authors: Kindstedt Elin , Johansson Linda , Palmqvist Py , Koskinen Holm Cecilia , Kokkonen Heidi , Johansson Ingegerd , Rantapää Dahlqvist Solbritt , Lundberg Pernilla
Published: December 2017

Objective

To investigate whether periodontitis, characterized by marginal jawbone loss, precedes the onset of symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to analyze plasma levels of RANKL (a cytokine that is crucial for bone resorption) and anti–citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs) in presymptomatic individuals compared with matched referent controls.

Methods

Marginal jawbone loss was measured on dental radiographs of the premolar/molar regions in the jaws in 176 subjects, 93 of whom subsequently developed RA. Among these participating subjects, 46 had documented radiographs predating symptom onset, and 45 cases could be matched to controls, according to sex, age, and smoking status. Plasma RANKL concentrations were analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to define the cutoff value for RANKL positivity.

Results

Bone loss was significantly greater in presymptomatic subjects classified as never smokers compared with that in controls, and increasing levels of bone loss were associated with a higher risk of the subsequent development of RA (hazard ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.05). No association between jawbone loss and RA was observed in smokers. A significantly greater extent of marginal jawbone loss was detected in RANKL‐positive presymptomatic subjects, and even more pronounced jawbone loss was observed in those who were positive for both RANKL and ACPA.

Conclusion

Marginal jawbone loss preceded the clinical onset of RA symptoms, but this was observed only in nonsmokers. Moreover, marginal jawbone loss was significantly greater in RANKL‐positive presymptomatic subjects compared with RANKL‐negative presymptomatic subjects and was highest in presymptomatic subjects positive for both ACPA and RANKL.
Temperaturwechselbeanspruchungen bei Fassaden: Konstruktionsweisen, Bewegungskonzepte und messtechnische Untersuchung
Authors: Junghanns Mike , Schmid Fabian
Published: December 2017

Im Fassadenbau und insbesondere im Sonderfassadenbau sind verlässliche Auslegungswerkzeuge, der Muster‐ und Prototypenbau sowie umfangreiche Versuchsreihen unerlässlich, um die Produkte für einen regelkonformen und projektbezogenen Einsatz verlässlich entwickeln, planen und herstellen zu können. Wesentliche Anforderungen an Glas‐Stahl‐Konstruktionen und Element‐Fassaden sind die Dichtigkeit des gewählten oder entwickelten Konstruktionssystems sowie die Sicherheit der eingesetzten Produkte und Bauteile bei extremen Einflüssen. Die Konstruktionen müssen dabei eine Gebrauchstauglichkeit nach geltenden nationalen und lokalen Regelwerken sowie nach kundenseitig spezifizierten Einsatzszenarien erfüllen. Die Dichtigkeit und Gebrauchsfähigkeit der Konstruktionen ist dabei für den Regelbetrieb und für extreme Ereignisse, wie Temperaturwechselbeanspruchungen, Gebäudebewegungen oder Schadensereignissen, nachzuweisen und sicherzustellen. Bei Sonderkonstruktionen mit komplexer Geometrie sind an kritischen Konstruktionsdetails neben den üblichen Auslegungen auch Berechnungen, Simulationen sowie Tests und Versuche aus Ermangelung von übertragbaren Ergebnissen erforderlich. Dieser Aufsatz thematisiert deshalb Erfordernisse, Richtlinien und Prüfverfahren, die aus Temperaturwechselbeanspruchungen für Fassadenkonstruktionen resultieren. Aus Erfahrungen durch umfangreiche Versuche an Sonderkonstruktionen für den nordamerikanischen Markt werden kritische Randbedingungen bei Auslegung und Prüfung identifiziert, um abschließend Empfehlungen für die Weiterentwicklung und Anwendung der Risikoeinschätzung im Planungsprozess zu geben.
Recognize how your own patterns and choices affect interactions with others
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: December 2017

BOSTON — “My number‐one requested topic [for speaking engagements] is ‘life would be easy if it weren't for other people,’” said Connie Podesta, motivational speaker and author, at the national conference for the National Association for College Admission Counseling. Podesta discussed some of the top complaints and realities of working in industries where you must work with other people, whether co‐workers, faculty, other administrative staff, students, or parents.
Group‐wise partial least square regression
Authors: Camacho José , Saccenti Edoardo
Published: December 2017

This paper introduces the group‐wise partial least squares (GPLS) regression. GPLS is a new sparse PLS technique where the sparsity structure is defined in terms of groups of correlated variables, similarly to what is done in the related group‐wise principal component analysis. These groups are found in correlation maps derived from the data to be analyzed. GPLS is especially useful for exploratory data analysis, because suitable values for its metaparameters can be inferred upon visualization of the correlation maps. Following this approach, we show GPLS solves an inherent problem of sparse PLS: its tendency to confound the data structure because of setting its metaparameters using standard approaches for optimizing prediction, like cross‐validation. Results are shown for both simulated and experimental data.
Application of near‐infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for online monitoring of Moluodan extraction
Authors: Tao Lingyan , Li Wenjing , Jin Ye , Yang Yue , Wu Yongjiang , Liu Xuesong
Published: December 2017

In this study, the application of near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for online monitoring of the Moluodan extraction process was investigated. Paeoniflorin, the main active component of Moluodan, was chosen as the quality index. Samples were partitioned into calibration and validation sets by random select and set partitioning based on joint X‐Y distances algorithm (SPXY), respectively. Wavelengths for modeling were selected by manual method and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (Cars) algorithm. Particle swarm optimization–based least square support vector machines (PSO‐LS‐SVM) and partial least squares models were both established for quantitative analysis to determine the content of paeoniflorin online. At last, 8 models were obtained according to the combination of these algorithms and the SPXY‐Cars‐PSO‐LS‐SVM model had the best quantitative analysis performance compared with the other 7 models. Specifically, in the developed SPXY‐Cars‐PSO‐LS‐SVM model, the determination coefficients of the calibration
and validation
sets were 0.99 and 0.95, respectively, and the root mean square errors of the calibration and validation sets were 0.012 and 0.024 mg/mL, respectively, and the relative standard errors of the calibration and validation sets were 2.84% and 6.34%, respectively. These results suggested that the appropriate sample partition, wavelength selection, and regression analysis methods in this study, namely, the SPXY‐Cars‐PSO‐LS‐SVM algorithm combined with NIR spectroscopy, could be an effective and real‐time approach for online monitoring of the extraction process of Moluodan.
A Macroporous Metal–Organic Framework with Enhanced Hydrophobicity for Efficient Oil Adsorption
Authors: Jing Peng , Zhang Shi‐Yuan , Chen Wenjie , Wang Liang , Shi Wei , Cheng Peng
Published: December 2017

The applications of three‐dimensional superstructures that consist of metal–organic framework (MOF) crystals are promising, but limited by spatial control over the crystallization process. Here a hydrophobic hierarchical metal–organic framework (HZIF‐8) containing unusual micro‐, meso‐, and macropores was designed and synthesized by a template strategy, in which the polystyrene (PS) not only acted as the template to construct the macropores, but also modified the hydrophilic crystal surface of ZIF‐8. When used as adsorbent for liquid oil/water separation, HZIF‐8 demonstrated significantly enhanced oil adsorption performance while maintaining very low water uptake.
Methylsemicarbazide as a Ligand in Late 3d Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Szimhardt Norbert , Stierstorfer Jörg
Published: December 2017

Most ignition and initiation systems nowadays still contain poisonous chemicals such as lead styphnate and lead azide but also chromates and other compounds of high concern. Therefore, methylsemicarbazide (1, MSC), which can be prepared in a one‐step reaction and in an extraordinary high yield of 95 %, has been evaluated as ligand in energetic coordination compounds. For the first time 25 new transition metal complexes (Mn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) using methylsemicarbazide (1) as the ligand were prepared and comprehensively analyzed by, for example, XRD, IR, EA, UV/Vis and DSC/DTA/TGA. Many show a strong energetic character, which can be tuned by using different anions such as Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, ClO4−, picrate or styphnate. Selected compounds were additionally evaluated as lead‐free primary explosives in initiation tests (nitropenta filled detonators) and in laser ignition systems. Especially compound 7 showed very promising results during these tests and could be a potential candidate for future applications.
Lipid‐DNAs as Solubilizers of mTHPC
Authors: Liu Yun , de Vries Jan Willem , Liu Qing , Hartman Alwin M. , Wieland Gerhard D. , Wieczorek Sebastian , Börner Hans G. , Wiehe Arno , Buhler Eric , Stuart Marc C. A. , Browne Wesley R. , Herrmann Andreas , Hirsch Anna K. H.
Published: December 2017

Hydrophobic drug candidates require innovative formulation agents. We designed and synthesized lipid‐DNA polymers containing varying numbers of hydrophobic alkyl chains. The hydrophobicity of these amphiphiles is easily tunable by introducing a defined number of alkyl chain‐modified nucleotides during standard solid‐phase synthesis of DNA using an automated DNA synthesizer. We observed that the resulting self‐assembled micelles solubilize the poorly water‐soluble drug, meta‐tetra‐hydroxyphenyl‐chlorin (mTHPC) used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) with high loading concentrations and loading capacities. A cell viability study showed that mTHPC‐loaded micelles exhibit good biocompatibility without irradiation, and high PDT efficacy upon irradiation. Lipid‐DNAs provide a novel class of drug‐delivery vehicle, and hybridization of DNA offers a potentially facile route for further functionalization of the drug‐delivery system with, for instance, targeting or imaging moieties.
Green Photo‐Organocatalytic C−H Activation of Aldehydes: Selective Hydroacylation of Electron‐Deficient Alkenes
Authors: Papadopoulos Giorgos N. , Voutyritsa Errika , Kaplaneris Nikolaos , Kokotos Christoforos G.
Published: December 2017

Selective C−H activation is an area of growing importance. Metal‐free C−H activation of branched aldehydes mediating the hydroacylation of electron‐deficient alkenes is an attractive transformation, but is limited by selectivity issues, especially in the case of α,α‐disubstituted aldehydes. Herein, we report a green, cheap, versatile, and easily reproducible selective hydroacylation of alkenes utilizing phenylglyoxylic acid as the photocatalyst and common household bulbs for irradiation, leading to products in excellent yields and selectivities. The reaction mechanism was also studied to account for the high selectivity.
Bumpy road ahead for U.S. higher education
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: December 2017

In last month's column, I promised to share with readers information about international enrollment for the fall 2017 term. All the data is yet to be recorded, but what we know today is that many of the predictions made about international student enrollment for the fall 2017 term have become reality.
Preservative effects of some selected spice oleoresins to stabilize the sunflower oil in comparison to tertiary butylhydroquinone
Authors: Pradhananga Mahalaxmi , Manandhar Pratibha
Published: December 2017

DPPH (1, 1‐Diphenyl‐2‐Picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity was performed to find out the antioxidant activity (AA) of all the antioxidants used at a concentration of 5, 10, and 15 μl/ml. Effect of spice oleoresins (clove, black pepper, and ginger) (200 ppm) and TBHQ (200 ppm) were incorporated in stabilizing refined, bleached, and deodorized (RBD) sunflower oil heating at frying temperature (170°C) and during accelerated oxidation storage (70°C) was studied in comparison to Tert‐Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). Antioxidant activity (AA) was found to be in the order TBHQ > clove > ginger > pepper at a concentration of 5; 10; 15 μl/ml. A direct correlation was found between AA and the effectiveness of oleoresins and TBHQ in controlling AV and PV of the sunflower oil. During both heating and storage, TBHQ was found most effective to control AV and PV followed by clove, pepper, and ginger.
Task Force Drainage (TFD) – The project for life after
Authors: Schachinger Tobias , Sperger Lukas , Heissenberger Roman , Wagner Oliver Kai
Published: December 2017

The ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG currently has several very large tunnelling projects in Austria. However, not only the construction itself is important for the client, but also that the tunnels can be used as efficiently as possible during their entire service life. Regarding water pressure‐relieved tunnel structures, the drainage system is usually the most expensive and time‐consuming maintenance activity. For this reason a specialized project, the Task Force Drainage (TFD), was launched to deal with drainage systems during construction and operation. The objectives of the TFD are primarily the concentration of innovation regarding the drainage system, the optimization and systematization of the maintenance process and the specification of necessary components and technologies. Examples are the development of new flushing systems for the drainage system, the development of optimized pipe materials and a uniform inventory of existing drainage systems. These examples are explained in the article.
Cameras for digitized 3D geological documentation of the tunnel face from cutterheads of TBMs
Authors: Wenighofer Robert , Six Gerhard , Galler Robert , Chmelina Klaus
Published: December 2017

A camera system has been developed, which can cover the full face when mounted in disc housings, thus imaging the tunnel face to provide greater transparency for client and contractor and to provide more objective geological assessment. No manholes or extra apertures are needed to accommodate the camera system. The images recorded are used to generate a 3D reconstruction of the face, revealing depths and volumes of breakouts. For the determination of the orientation of discontinuities, plugins based on .NET have been developed to enable the use of AutoCAD or Civil3d of Autodesk for the geological assessment of the face. The contribution describes the application, images and computed results of the camera system based on its regular use over a period of more than 20 months.
The railway station Mürzzuschlag in relation to the Semmering Base Tunnel
Authors: Gobiet Gerhard
Published: December 2017

The opening of the Semmering Base Tunnel (SBT from timetable change in 2026/27) will change the characteristics of the Baltic‐Adriatic axis from a mountain railway to a flat trajectory. This will revalue the trans‐European route in the Austrian segment with lasting effect. In future, the railway station at Mürzzuschlag will play an even more important role in the Baltic‐Adriatic axis than today. The connection to the metropolitan area of Vienna will bring a time saving for long‐distance passenger traffic of about 30 minutes. The rail freight traffic will profit from the fact that train will no longer run over the mountains. The enlargement of the park & ride facility, the improved connection to public transport as part of the transformation of the forecourt, the enlargement of the ASC location and the adaptation of the existing station buildings will improve Mürzzuschlag station with lasting effect.
Development of holistic prognosis models using exploration techniques and seismic prediction
Authors: Reinhold Chris , Schwarz Christian , Bergmeister Konrad
Published: December 2017

As part of the Brenner Base Tunnel project, the currently running Tulfes‐Pfons construction lot includes a stretch of the exploratory tunnel (ET), which has a length of 15 km and is being bored by a gripper TBM. During this tunnelling work, a diverse and broad set of exploration techniques is being used. Although it is an exploratory tunnel, the tunnel is subject to the same constraints as a performance heading. The choice of exploration techniques was made with regard of the capability to smoothly integrate them into regular tunnelling in order to not create further downtime. The exploration techniques are useful for the current ET but also to produce a forecast for the subsequent main tunnels (MT). The geological investigation is undertaken by face and peripheral mapping as well as by percussion drilling ahead of the machine. The geotechnical exploration is carried out by analysing the TBM parameters and the system behaviour, and analysing the percussion drilling. The exploration concept is completed with the geophysical reflection seismic method. All these exploration methods have different sensitivities, exploration ranges and directions, strengths and weaknesses, so they complement one another. This paper assesses the exploration techniques based on the experience until now. A case study of one fault zone is presented to show how the different exploration methods interact and contribute to a holistic prognosis model.
Contemplating Resectability
Authors: Shuman Andrew G.
Published: December 2017

Suzie loves to talk. A successful mid‐thirties businesswoman, she is a self‐described social butterfly—which made her diagnosis of tongue cancer even more devastating. She came to the clinic complaining of a lump in her throat, which in most young healthy people turns out to be benign and easily treated. But not for Suzie, who had a very rare salivary tumor arising in the back of her tongue. Its slow growth was both a blessing and a curse; such tumors do not kill people quickly, but they typically require surgery. It would slowly and relentlessly grow until and unless we removed most of her tongue. In head and neck surgery, issues of appearance, identity, function, and communication are the foremost considerations when we decide when, and whether, to operate. As the adage goes, knowing when not to operate is the sine qua non of the wise surgeon. But the inverse is also true.
The Real‐World Ethics of Adaptive‐Design Clinical Trials
Authors: Bothwell Laura E. , Kesselheim Aaron S.
Published: December 2017

From the earliest application of modern randomized controlled trials in medical research, scientists and observers have deliberated the ethics of randomly allocating study participants to trial control arms. Adaptive RCT designs have been promoted as ethically advantageous over conventional RCTs because they reduce the allocation of subjects to what appear to be inferior treatments. Critical assessment of this claim is important, as adaptive designs are changing medical research, with the potential to significantly shift how clinical trials are conducted. Policy‐makers are swiftly moving to encourage greater use of adaptive designs. In 2016, the newly enacted 21st Century Cures Act instructed the Food and Drug Administration to help product sponsors incorporate adaptive methods into proposed clinical trial protocols and applications for investigational drugs and also biological products. In this article, we review the ethical justifications commonly offered for adaptive designs, explore these arguments in the context of actual trials, and contend that clinical equipoise is a useful standard for adaptive‐trial ethics. We distinguish between theoretical and clinical equipoise and explain why ethical arguments related to adaptive trials tend to focus on the former. Yet we contend that theoretical equipoise can be an unreliable standard for adaptive ethics. While we contend that clinical equipoise is the most critical principle for the primary ethical concerns posed by adaptive trials, we suggest ethical approaches to deal with some additional concerns unique to adaptive designs.