bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence redefines RNA virus discovery
Authors: Shi Mang , Hou Xin , He Yong , Fang Pan , Mei Shi-Qiang , Xu Zan , Wu Wei-Chen , Tian Jun-hua , Zhang Shun , Zeng Zhen-Yu , Gou Qin-Yu , Xin Gen-Yang , Le Shi-Jia , Xia Yinyue , Zhou Yu-Lan , Hui Feng-Ming , Pan Yuan-Fei , Eden John-Sebastian , Yang Zhaohui , Han Chong , Shu Yuelong , Guo Deyin , Li Jun , Holmes Edward , Li Zhaorong
Published: April 2023

RNA viruses are diverse components of global ecosystems. The metagenomic identification of RNA viruses is currently limited to those with sequence similarity to known viruses, such that highly divergent viruses that comprise the "dark matter" of the virosphere remain challenging to detect. We developed a deep learning algorithm – LucaProt – to search for highly divergent RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) sequences in 10,487 global meta-transcriptomes. LucaProt integrates both sequence and structural information to accurately and efficiently detect RdRP sequences. With this approach we identified 180,571 RNA viral species and 180 superclades (viral phyla/classes). This is the broadest diversity of RNA viruses described to date, including many viruses undetectable using BLAST or HMM approaches. The newly identified RNA viruses were present in diverse ecological niches, including the air, hot springs and hydrothermal vents, and both virus diversity and abundance varied substantially among ecological types. We also identified the longest RNA virus genome (nido-like) observed so far, at 47,250 nucleotides, and expanded the diversity of RNA bacteriophage to more than ten phyla/classes. This study marks the beginning of a new era of virus discovery, with the potential to redefine our understanding of the global virosphere and reshape our understanding of virus evolutionary history.
Effect of Sun and Microwave Drying on the Antioxidant Potential and Hydroxymethylfurfural Formation of Damson Plum (Prunus domestica subsp. Insititia)
Authors: Yıldız Dilay , Çağındı Özlem
Published: April 2023

In this study, the antioxidant potential and hydroxymethylfurfural formation of damson plum were investigated using different drying methods. Before drying, the samples were immersed in 1% NaOH at 55°C for 1 min and divided into two groups (half and whole) and dried under the sun and using different microwave power levels (450, 720, 900 W) to reduce the moisture content to 18%. Total dry matter, drying period, total monomeric anthocyanin, total flavonoid, total phenolic, antioxidant capacity and hydroxymethylfurfural values were determined. The sun-drying period of whole plums found to be about four times longer than half plums. Similarly, at different microwave power levels (450, 720 and 900 W), the drying period of whole plums was also longer than half plums, but the sun drying for whole plums was more than 500 times longer and 150 times longer than microwave drying for half plums. Also, the increase in microwave power level shortened the time. The total anthocyanin, total flavonoids, total phenolic and antioxidant capacity values of sun-dried samples were lower than those of microwave-dried samples. It was observed that hydroxymethylfurfural values in microwave-dried samples increased. It is thought that microwave drying at 900 W, where the antioxidant properties of plums dried at three power levels are better preserved, can be recommended with little difference in drying period in 720 W microwave application.
Effect of different production techniques on the color of porcelain-fused-to-titanium restorations
Authors: Korkmaz Cumhur , Atay Arzu
Published: April 2023

Background The aim of the study was to compare the effects of different framework production techniques used in porcelain-fused-to-titanium restorations on color changes.Methods Forty-five square specimens were produced using cast, milling, and laser-sintering techniques. Opaque and dentin porcelain were implemented, and all frameworks glazed. Color measurements were made with a spectrophotometer at before and after opaque application and after porcelain + glaze application, and L*, a*, b* values were obtained. Color difference analyses (ΔE00) were made using the CIEDE2000 formula. Shapiro Wilks (Normality) and ANOVA (Post Hoc:Bonferroni) tests were used to analyze the data (p < 0.05).Results At the different laboratory steps, the difference between cast&laser-sintered groups and between milled&laser-sintered groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Before and after opaque application, the differences in L*, a*, and b* values between cast, milled and laser-sintered groups were found a statistically significant (p < 0.05).Conclusions The color of porcelain-fused-to-titanium restorations was influenced by different framework production techniques.
Physical Activity Interventions for The Management of Hypertension: A Scoping Review
Authors: Simamane Mandisa , Constantinou Demitri , Gradidge Philippe Jean-Luc , Watson Estelle
Published: April 2023

Background For all persons with hypertension, the potential benefits of a healthy diet, weight control, and regular exercise cannot be overemphasized. Patients with hypertension should be encouraged to undertake a light-to-moderate intensity exercise programme without needing to consult with their doctor.Aim The purpose of this scoping review was to gain perspective on the specific interventions that worked for hypertension management to have an overall understanding of which type of exercise, frequency, duration, intensity, and time that has an effect in hypertension management.Method A scoping review was conducted according to the methodologically rigorous scoping review approach proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. A search engine was undertaken from Database A-Z: COCHRANE; EBSCOHost: CINAHL Complete, Global Health, and MEDLINE Complete; ProQuest Health & Medical Complete; PubMed; SA ePublications; ScienceDirect; and SCOPUS.Results There were randomised controlled/ experimental studies (N = 31) which fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with successful interventions (n = 9). Duration ranged from minimum of 8 to a maximum 24 weeks, the interventions had the most consistent frequency of 2–3 days/week. Time varied from 20 to 70 minutes per session, and intensity of > 50% in both aerobic and strength exercises elicit positive physiological changes.Conclusion Aerobic exercise programme alone can have the same results as that of a combined exercise programme, which also takes into consideration other physiological aspect.Contribution: This review provided clarifications on when you can prescribe physical activity programme in any settings and how these can have a positive effect in managing hypertension.
Brain-Computer Interfaces for Children: A Comparative Study of Five Common EEG-based Paradigms
Authors: Kelly Dion , Zewdie Ephrem , Carlson Helen , Kirton Adam
Published: April 2023

Background Quadriplegic cerebral palsy (QCP), the most severe form of cerebral palsy (CP), affects millions of individuals worldwide. Children with QCP often have intact cognitive function but face challenges in communication or interaction with their environments, which may result in a condition similar to "locked-in syndrome." Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) hold potential to help, but pediatric BCI research has been limited. This study aimed to establish baseline performance of common BCI paradigms in typically developing children to support applications in children with disabilities.Methods Performance on five BCI paradigms, including visual (P300), auditory (AEP), and vibro-tactile (VTP2 and VTP3) event-related potentials, and sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) modulation using motor imagery, was evaluated in thirty school-age children using tasks with predefined goals. Two commercially available EEG-based BCI systems, Mindbeagle® and intendiX®, were used. The primary outcome was online classification accuracy. Potential factors affecting performance, including age, sex, motivation, tolerability, and fatigue, were also explored.Results We found that most children were able to demonstrate competency on multiple BCI paradigms with favorable tolerability and no serious adverse events. Mean accuracy across all paradigms was 77.03%, with 73% achieving BCI competency. Performance on P300-based paradigms was better than the SMR paradigm, with the highest performance observed in the VTP2 paradigm (89.48%), and the lowest in the SMR paradigm (55.68%). Significant differences in accuracy and fatigue were observed across the paradigms, with the visual P300 spelling paradigm showing the highest motivation and lowest fatigue. Age was correlated only with AEP BCI performance, while no other factors appeared to influence performance across paradigms.Conclusion We conclude that evoked potential BCI paradigms are generally effective in children as young as 6 years of age in a laboratory setting for potentially meaningful tasks, such as communication, recreation, and computer operation. The research contributes to the limited knowledge on non-invasive BCI performance in children and offers insights into factors affecting performance. More research is needed to understand how these BCI paradigms can be optimized for children and implemented in real-world environments and as assistive technology for youth with disabilities.
Understanding Camouflaging and Identity in Autistic Children and Adolescents Using Photo-Elicitation
Authors: Howe Stephanie J. , Hull Laura , Sedgewick Felicity , Hannon Benjamin
Published: April 2023

Purpose Camouflaging, or the use of strategies by autistic people to minimize the visibility of their autistic traits in social situations, is associated with stress, autistic burnout, depression, and suicidality among autistic adults. However, little is known about how autistic children and adolescents experience camouflaging, limiting our understanding of its onset and development. The present study filled this knowledge gap by examining camouflaging behaviour among autistic children and adolescents using a photo-elicitation approach.Methods Eight autistic children and adolescents aged 10 to 14 years (M = 11.88, SD = 1.89) attended an orientation session and were given two to three weeks to take photographs on the topic of camouflaging. Individual interviews were conducted with each participant about their photos. Inductive thematic analysis and an interpretive engagement framework were used to identify major themes within participant interviews and images.Results Qualitative analysis identified 12 themes reflecting motivations to camouflage (as a response to negative social experiences, as a learned habit), contexts of camouflaging (e.g., the audience), strategies and behaviours used to camouflage (suppressing autistic stimming behaviour, hiding the self), and perceived consequences of camouflaging (internal conflict, stress, needing time to recharge).Conclusion Results highlight that autistic children and adolescents as young as 10 years old engage in camouflaging behaviour which can be pervasive and automatic, and that this can be a stressful, confusing, and energetically draining experience. Better understanding of the development and experience of camouflaging in childhood can inform prevention of mental health concerns in adulthood.
Artificial neural networks optimize the establishment of a Brazilian germplasm core collection of winter squash (Cucurbita moschata D.)
Authors: Gomes Ronaldo Silva , Júnior Ronaldo Machado , de Almeida Cleverson Freitas , de Oliveira Rebeca Lourenço , Nascimento Moysés , Nardino Maicon , Silva Derly José Henriques da
Published: April 2023

With widespread cultivation, Cucurbita moschata stands out for the carotenoid content of its fruits such as β and α-carotene, components with pronounced provitamin A function and antioxidant activity. C. moschata seed oil has a high monounsaturated fatty acid contente and vitamin E, constituting a lipid source of high chemical-nutritional quality. The present study evaluate the agronomic and chemical-nutritional aspects of 91 accessions of C. moschata kept at the BGH-UFV and propose the establishment of a core collection based on multivariate approaches and on the implementation of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). ANNs was more efficient in identifying similarity patterns and in organizing the distance between the genotypes in the groups. The averages and variances of traits in the CC formed using a 15% sampling of accessions, were closer to those of the complete collection, particularly for accumulated degree days for flowering, the mass of seeds per fruit, and seed and oil productivity. Establishing the 15% CC, based on the broad characterization of this germplasm, will be crucial to optimize the evaluation and use of promising accessions from this collection in C. moschata breeding programs, especially for traits of high chemical-nutritional importance such as the carotenoid content and the fatty acid profile.
CHMP4C Deficiency Represses Angiogenesis in Chronic Ischemia by Inhibiting Hypoxia-induced Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Activation via GSK3β
Authors: Liu Wen , Ding Suling , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhou Nianwei , Li Xuejie , Xie Huilin , Tian Fangyan , Weng Haobo , Liu Ao , Bao Pei , Zhu Xiaowei , Yang Xiangdong , Shu Xianhong
Published: April 2023

Aims
Angiogenesis is critical for tissue repair in chronic ischemia. Chromatin modified protein 4C (CHMP4C) is a subunit of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport -III(ESCRT-III), which is involved in endocytic progress and cell proliferation. Recent evidence suggests ESCRT-III plays a vital role in endothelial functioning. This study aimed to determine the role of endothelial CHMP4C in angiogenesis, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Methods and Results
Hind-limb ischemia was surgically induced in both CHMP4C-/- mice and wild-type C57BL/6J mice. Loss of CHMP4C was associated with significant decreases in blood perfusion and capillary density post-ischemia. In vitro, knockdown of CHMP4C by small interfering RNAs(siRNA) impaired the angiogenic and proliferate functions of ECs and induces G1/S cell cycle arrest without apoptotic effects under hypoxic conditions. RNA-Seq data and further analysis revealed the repression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and hyperactivation of GSK3β in CHMP4C-deficiency ECs. And selective inhibition of GSK3β significantly ameliorated the inhibitory effects of CHMP4C deficiency on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and proliferate functions in vitro. Electron microscopy and immunohistochemical colocalization analysis revealed that the CHMP4C deficiency impedes endocytic trafficking of GSK3β. Additionally, co-immunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis demonstrated CHMP4C interacted with PP2Ac and regulate GSK3β activity. The interaction between CHMP4C and PP2Ac may be crucial for GSK3β endocytic trafficking.
Conclusion
CHMP4C deficiency suppresses angiogenesis in chronic ischemia by disrupting Wnt/β-catenin signaling via GSK3β. The mechanism is associated with suspension of GSK3β endocytic trafficking.
TcrXY is an acid-sensing two-component transcriptional regulator of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a novel target for enhanced TB therapy
Authors: Stupar Miljan , Tan Lendl , Kerr Edward , De Voss Christopher , Forde Brian , Schulz Benjamin , West Nicholas P.
Published: April 2023

The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to persist in the host complicates and prolongs tuberculosis (TB) patient chemotherapy. Here we demonstrate that a neglected two-component system (TCS) of Mtb, TcrXY, is an autoregulated acid-sensing TCS that controls a functionally diverse 117-gene regulon required for bacterial persistence. Characterisation of two representatives of this regulon, Rv3706c and Rv3705A, implicate these genes as key determinants for the survival of Mtb in vivo by serving as important effectors to mitigate redox stress at acidic pH. We show that genetic silencing of the response regulator tcrX using CRISPR interference attenuates the persistence of Mtb during chronic mouse infection and improves treatment with the two front-line anti-TB drugs, rifampicin and isoniazid. We propose that targeting TcrXY signal transduction blocks the ability of Mtb to sense and respond to acid stress, resulting in a disordered program of persistence to render the organism vulnerable to existing TB chemotherapy.
Nitrogen dynamics as a function of soil types, compaction, and moisture
Authors: Das Saurav , Mohapatra Ankita , Sahu Karubakee , Panday Dinesh , Ghimire Deepak , Maharjan Bijesh
Published: April 2023

The complex interactions between soil types, compaction, and moisture on nitrogen transformation processes, such as ammonia volatilization, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification, were examined using a simulated columns study. Over the course of 30 days, two different soil types—loam and sandy loam—were subjected to three different compaction treatments (control, surface, and sub-surface compaction), and two different moisture treatments (dry and wet). Urea ammonium nitrate (32-0-0) was used as nitrogen fertilizer at the rate of 200 kg N/ha. Measurements were made of important indicators of nitrogen transformations, such as residual concentrations of ammonium and nitrate, nitrate leaching, ammonia volatilization, and nitrous oxide emissions. The findings showed that compaction increased residual ammonium concentrations in deeper soil profiles and decreased nitrification rates in both soil types. Loam soil showed increased nitrate leaching due to higher rates of nitrification and residual nitrate concentrations. The interaction of compaction and moisture had the greatest impact on nitrous oxide emissions, with the highest emissions observed in control treatments during simulated dry weather. The results highlight the significance of taking soil texture, moisture, and compaction into account when implementing sustainable nitrogen management techniques in agriculture. Based on these findings, a number of recommendations are put forth for effective nitrogen management, including the avoidance of broadcast application in moist soil to reduce ammonia volatilization and improve nitrogen use efficiency, and split application to reduce potential nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions from loam soil.
Improving Detection of ChatGPT-Generated Fake Science Using Real Publication Text: Introducing xFakeBibs a Supervised-Learning Network Algorithm
Authors: Hamed Ahmed Abdeen , Wu Xindong
Published: April 2023

ChatGPT is becoming a new reality. In this paper, we show how to distinguish ChatGPT-generated publications from counterparts produced by scientists. Using a newly designed supervised Machine Learning algorithm, we demonstrate how to detect machine-generated publications from ones produced by scientists. The algorithm was trained using 100 real publications, calibrated by 10-fold of real publications. When comparing the training with calibration, we found that the similarities fluctuated between (19%-21%) of bigram overlaps. The calibrating folds contributed (51%-70%) of new bigrams, while ChatGPT contributed only 23% (> 50% of any of the other 10 calibrating folds). When classifying the individual articles, the xFakeBibs algorithm predicted 98/100 publications as fake, while 2 articles failed the test and were classified as real publications. We introduced an algorithmic approach that detected the ChatGPT-generated articles with a high degree of accuracy. However, it remains challenging to detect all fake records. This work is indeed a step in the right direction to counter fake science and misinformation.
Analysis of Link between Brain Insulin Resistance and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Andrade Luís Jesuino de Oliveira , de Oliveira Luís Matos , Bittencourt Alcina Maria Vinhaes , Lourenço Letícia Góes de Carvalho , de Oliveira Gabriela Correia Matos
Published: April 2023

Introduction
Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition characterized by the inability of cells to respond to insulin, leading to glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. This condition has been well-documented in peripheral tissues such as liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. However, recent studies suggest that the IR in the brain, also known as brain IR, may play a role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Objective
In this systematic review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge about brain insulin resistance (BIR) and its potential implications in neurodegenerative diseases.
Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted using the keywords "insulin resistance", “brain insulin resistance”, "Alzheimer's disease", "neurodegeneration", and "cognition". The search was limited to articles published in English from 2000 to 2023. Studies were included if they investigated the role of BIR in neurodegenerative diseases or if they provided insights into the mechanisms involved in BIR. A total of 17 articles were included in this review.
Results
BIR has been observed in various neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. Studies suggest that BIR may contribute to the cognitive impairment seen in these diseases. Insulin plays an important role in regulating glucose metabolism, neuronal energy production, and synaptic plasticity in the brain. BIR leads to impaired glucose uptake and utilization, decreased ATP production, and alterations in synaptic plasticity, which ultimately affect cognitive function.
Conclusion
BIR is emerging as an important factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly AD. By targeting BIR, novel therapeutic strategies may be developed for the treatment and prevention of these devastating diseases.
NSUN5 facilitates the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by increasing the expression of SMAD3
Authors: Han Hexu , Du Yanping , Zhao Zhibin , Wang Yifan , Zhang Jing , You Xiaomin , Zhou Guoxiong , Zhou Huilin , Ye Jun , Tian Weizhong , Yu Hong
Published: April 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent liver cancer, makes patients' prognosis extremely poor due to frequent intrahepatic and distant metastasis. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in this process. However, the content of NSUN5 in hepatocellular carcinoma and whether NSUN5 is involved in mediating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma remains unknown. In this study, based on clinicopathologic analyses of several independent HCC cohorts and the results of induced tumor formation in Nsun5 knockout mice, we observed that NSUN5 expression was increased in tumor tissues. The absence of Nsun5 would retard the malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting that Nsun5 might be an important oncogene in HCC. Furthermore, we found that high expression of NSUN5 promotes EMT in HCC cells. After NSUN5 is knocked out, the HCC cell's ability to invade and migrate decreases in vivo and vitro conditions; on the other hand, NSUN5 overexpression in HCC cells had the opposite effect. Mechanically, the highly expressed NSUN5 in cancer tissues promotes the enrichment of Tri-Methyl-histone H3 (Lys4) in the promoter region of SMAD3 by interacting with WDR5, thereby promoting hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by SMADd3-mediated EMT. In general, we identified NSUN5 as a novel promoter of metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma and established an innovative theoretical foundation for treating this disease.
Investigation of Factors Affecting Generation Z’s Halal Cosmetics Adoption
Authors: Gumus Niyazi , Onurlubas Ebru
Published: April 2023

It is estimated that the Muslim population, which is currently 1.6 billion in total, will reach 2.2 billion in 2030. For this reason, the Muslim population has significant potential in terms of the halal cosmetics sector, as in many other sectors. In addition, the more Muslim population is turning to halal cosmetic products that are not tested on animals, symbolizing cleanliness. In addition to Muslim consumers, consumers also demand halal cosmetic products for various reasons. Since the world halal cosmetics market is expected to reach approximately 54 billion dollars in 2024, the efforts of brands and companies in the halal cosmetics market are increasing. Brands and companies aware of this potential are trying to get a bigger share of the Muslim cosmetic products market with the products they develop. However, industry brands have significant problems motivating consumers to buy halal cosmetics, but consumer behaviour is a complex and dynamic process. The same is true when it comes to halal cosmetic products. Many factors affect consumers’ choice of halal cosmetic products. It is important for brands that want to be successful in the sector and get more shares to learn more about the factors affecting the halal cosmetics demand of Muslim consumers. Only in this way would it be possible for brands to create the right marketing strategies. Generation Z, who is constantly interacting with the world due to their technological competencies and continuously following the developments in every field, is the most important target group for brands. Especially in recent years, Generation Z has been a focused area of research in human resources, marketing, and business strategies. Turkey is a country with a predominantly Muslim population. Generation Z among the Muslim population in Turkey is a potential market for halal cosmetics. Therefore, it is of great importance for cosmetic brands to understand the factors that affect the behaviour of Generation Z to adopt halal cosmetics. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the factors affecting Generation Z’s halal cosmetics adoption. The research was carried out with 550 participants living in Istanbul with the online survey method in November and December 2021. The results showed that product characteristics, social influence, and consumer innovativeness significantly affected Generation Z’s halal cosmetics adoption. Religiosity did not affect their halal cosmetics adoption.
Synthesis of Fentanyl Triazole Derivatives and their Affinity for Mu-Opioid and Sigma-1 Receptors
Authors: Paulino Ruth , Alves Rosemeire , Matalińska Joanna , Lipiński Piotr , Freitas Rossimiriam
Published: April 2023

The search for compounds with affinity for both mu-opioid receptor (MOR) and sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) is one of the innovative directions to develop painkillers with reduced side effects. Additionally, triazole scaffolds have been extensively explored in the last two decades in medicinal chemistry. In this context, we synthesized a series of new triazole fentanyl derivatives and evaluated their affinity for both MOR and σ1R. The binding affinity of the compounds for human MOR was determined in competitive radioligand binding assays, using fentanyl as standard. For the assays with σ1R, a σ1R agonist (SKF10047) was employed. The most active analogue was 6d which moderately binds to MOR with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) = 1.9 μM and to σ1R with IC50 = 6.9 μM. Molecular docking calculations were carried out, providing a structural elucidation for the observed values of affinity. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion toxicity (ADMET) parameters for the new compounds were simulated with the SwissADME tool
Social Distance as a Determiner of Business Internet Communication Variability in Email Correspondence
Authors: Satuchina Tat'yana
Published: April 2023

Social distance determines the variability of digital business communication. This research tested business email messages using a complex methodology related to the theoretical description, analysis, and systematization of linguistic material. The specifics of business Internet communication manifested themselves as the choice of certain language formulae, spelling, structural elements (greeting, signature, etc.), graphic means, abbreviations, etc. The social distance between colleagues proved to be one of the leading factors that affected the variability of Internet communication.
Existential sense of trust
Authors:   Institute for Philosophy and Law — Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Biricheva Ekaterina V.
Published: April 2023

Investigating the lack of trust in the contemporary society, researchers tend to use various definitions of trust in their social and cultural studies. Hence difficult is to compare the results of such surveys and to understand the essence of the studied phenomenon clearly. In this regard, the search for the fundamental sense of trust seems to be an urgent task. However, philosophical literature allows to conclude that the category was used as something obvious throughout the history of thought. Philosophers appeared to focus on analyzing phenomena either opposite (lie and deceit), or related but not identical (faith, fidelity, certainty, etc.). Thus, this study is reasonable at the ontological level, using hermeneutic and existential analysis, as a result of which, on one hand, it is possible to show the relation between trust and etymologically related truth, and, on the other hand, to understand its nature and to formulate a definition that reflects it’s basic sense. Trust is designated as a “switch” into the mode of openness to the light of truth, which does not change either words or state of affairs, but allows to check our own constructs for falsity and unproductiveness. Therefore, trust is offered to be studied not as a characteristic of the relationship to others: the basic background of any relationship is found to be the opening of human being to the “level” of truth as the full scale of reality. In this light, the article demonstrates the existential aspects of trust giving examples of life situations and investigates fears that lead to mistrust. Some recommendations are also formulated for overcoming these fears and for building the most reliable, non-conflict, trustworthy relationships.
German experience of migrants integration
Authors:   Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, Bakhturidze Zeinab Z. , Pogodin Sergey N. ,   Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, Smolskaia Natalia B. ,   Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: April 2023

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the integration politics of Germany and identifies the features of its implementation, considers the history of migration processes in Germany, as well as the current migration situation. The migration politics of Germany and the measures taken by the German authorities to implement integration programs for immigrants are analyzed. The problems of integration of immigrants in modern conditions are determined. The sociocultural integration of immigrants is described taking into account their cultural and ethnic characteristics. An analysis is made of the problems and difficulties that arise during the adaptation of immigrants in German society. To achieve the goal, a number of methods were used, such as: the historical method, which made it possible to trace the stages of development of the German integration politics and to identify the factors that influenced the formation of the integration politics of modern immigrants; the method of statistical analysis that made it possible to determine the extent of immigration; method of system analysis, to obtain a holistic view of the current migration situation in Germany. Undoubtedly, the topic of migration, integration and adaptation of immigrants remains very relevant, especially for a united Europe. In Germany, a large number of the state reforms have been carried out to strengthen the effectiveness of the regulation of immigration flows and the implementation of integration politics. It seems, the experience of implementing the migration politics, the difficulties that had to be overcome along the way, and the results that Germany managed to achieve, which, thanks to the implementation of the politics of hospitality and open doors, became one of the countries with an extremely large number of immigrants, can be useful and interesting for other countries.
Forgotten wars: Russian nurses reflect on their choices in the armed conflicts of Afghanistan and Chechnya
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Cherepanova Ekaterina S.
Published: April 2023

This article examines Russian nurses’ reflections about their individual moral experience of the armed conflicts in Afghanistan (1979–1989) and in Chechnya (1994–1996; 1999–2009). The study relies on published documents and interviews featured in various online sources. The study aims to shed light on the main value orientations that influence present-day evaluations of these events and to show how the values systems of those participating in war had become transformed under the influence of wartime experiences. The concept of charity plays a crucial role in the nurses’ reflection as it enables them to emphasise their special mission in war: not only to provide people with health care but also with moral support. This concept also underpins the practises of justification of moral choice. The article demonstrates that the discrepancy between established commemorative practises and the personal inability to make sense of death in war makes any justification of casualties impossible on the level of individual reflection relative to the events of the WWII. The circumstances of war’s ‘trauma epidemics’ remain significant within these women’s personal moral experience. In addition to the paralysis or passivity in the face of death that they experienced, in their civilian lives, they become acutely aware of the impossibility of finding any meaning in the death toll that is war’s inevitable result. The nurses’ memoirs lay a special emphasis on their attitudes toward the enemy. On one hand, they remember the feelings they experienced toward the enemies in Chechnya or Afghanistan; on the other hand, from a more recent perspective, it becomes clear that these armed conflicts require new interpretations and evaluations.
J.H.Newman’s path from Anglicanism to Catholicism: The most important historiographical assessments
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Stetckevich Mikhail S.
Published: April 2023

The most important event in the life of the outstanding Christian theologian J.H.Newman (1801–1890) was his transition from Anglicanism to Catholicism, which took place in 1845. That event made a huge impression on contemporaries. Interest in it has remained even further. This article attempts to analyze the historiography of the Newman’s conversion process, highlight the most important stages, and consider research concepts. The first stage in the development of the historiography of Newman’s conversion took 1845 to 1864. The writings of that time were distinguished with emotionality and were completely based on confessional preferences. Many Anglicans who shared traditional anti-Catholic beliefs perceived Newman’s departure as treason. The second stage covered the period from 1865 to the mid 20th century. The appearance of such sources as Newman’s autobiography “Apologia Pro Vita Sua” (1864), the publication of his selected letters made it possible to look at the problem more broadly. The confessional approach continued to dominate. Highly ecclesiastical authors (W.Palmer, R.Church, S.Ollar), regretting Newman’s departure from the Church of England, assigned a decisive role to unfavorable circumstances, while radical Protestants saw in Newman a figure initially aspiring to Rome (W.Walsh). The third stage, started in the middle of the last century, was marked with a gradual departure from Confessionalism and the appearance of a number of works specifically devoted to the process of Newman’s conversion (R.Imberg, J.Hammond, W.Conn). That question is also considered in detail by Newman’s biographers (F.Turner, I.Ker, S.Gilley). Currently, a research consensus has been reached in understanding Newman’s movement to Rome as a long-term process determined by both internal and external factors. But there is no consensus in understanding what combination of those factors turned out to be decisive.
Effective first flush volumes in experimental household-scale rainwater catchment systems
Authors: Charlebois Bridgette , Wittbold Patrick , Reckhow David , Kumpel Emily
Published: April 2023

Rainwater collection systems often include a first flush system to divert contaminants away from collected and stored rainwater. These have traditionally been designed for a set volume, to capture and divert the first 1–2 mL of rain deposited onto a roof. However, environmental and collection system parameters can vary the volume of the first flush necessary to effectively divert contaminants. Using a test-scale rainwater collection system in Amherst, Massachusetts (USA), a series of experiments were conducted to assess the quality of rainwater in the system per collection volume and time. This included a tracer study of an ideal contaminant, and water quality measurements of atmospheric rain, fractionated first flush, and the collection tank during rain events. First flush samples contained elevated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations up to 40 mg/L, with high variability between the rain events. UV 254, DOC, and conductivity all trended together indicating a uniform wash-off of contaminants. Higher intensity storms increased roof wash-off deposition and environmental conditions affected the necessary first flush volumes. The majority of contaminants likely originated from roof wet and dry deposition. The design of first flush in rainwater harvesting systems needs to account for local precipitation patterns, storm intensity, and canopy conditions.
Role of cationic surfactants in palladium adsorption of commercial ion exchange resins using electroless plating solutions
Authors: Rajesh Yennam , Jeeru Lakshmana Rao , Dabhade Ganesh , Daware Gaurav
Published: April 2023

This work investigates the role of cationic surfactants in the adsorption of palladium ions from synthetic electroless plating solutions using a commercial resin, Lewatit TP-214. This would also help us in determining the batch adsorption experiments elaborated on the optimal parameters such as surfactant concentration, pH, dosage, initial metal ion concentration for the development of an ion-exchange resin with high metal removal efficiency. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) appears to be an important parameter in determining the adsorption behavior of ion-exchange resins with palladium ions. Equilibrium models were measured for their fitness with the obtained Pd (II) batch adsorption characteristics and Freundlich isotherm confirms the heterogeneous Pd (II) adsorption on Lewatit TP-214. FTIR analysis confirmed that the Pd (II) metal uptake of Lewatit TP-214 resin largely depends on amine groups (-NH2+ and -NH+) and the donor atoms attached to cationic surfactant. The optimized choice of adsorption parameters (pH of 8, dosage of 1 g/L, and contact time of 300 min) of Lewatit TP-214 adsorbent provided the highest metal uptake and removal efficiency as 201.7 mg/g and 90.16%, respectively, for the lowest Pd concentration of 300 mg/L.
A construção das diferenças no constitucionalismo chileno (1810-1980)
Authors: Manuel Bastias Saavedra
Published: April 2023

O artigo busca analisar a construção das diferenças no constitucionalismo chileno a partir da problemática relação entre direito e diversidade. Parte-se das tensões entre diferentes formas de observação social da diversidade para repensar o problema da alteridade nas constituições chilenas de 1810 a 1980. Sob essa perspectiva, a evolução histórica da constituição pode ser vista, além de suas reivindicações de igualdade formal, como um processo contínuo de construção de diferenças legais. Focalizando nas diferenças construídas através da história constitucional chilena, pode-se repensar a transição do ancien régime para o constitucionalismo moderno não como um processo orientado pela igualdade, mas sim como a construção e o desdobramento de novas diferenças. A história constitucional mostra que os modelos legais não produziram uma equalização par tout da população. Ao invés disso, a igualdade e a diferença foram reconstruídas e adaptadas às sociedades que emergiram da dissolução da ordem do ancien régime.
Como contar a história dos direitos humanos na Europa: algumas questões metodológicas
Authors: Cristina Nogueira da Silva
Published: April 2023

Neste texto pretende-se discutir alguns problemas metodológicos que se colocam quando se pensa numa história dos Direitos Humanos. Procura-se, por meio de exemplos retirados de diversos contextos históricos, da Antiguidade até ao século XX, desenvolver duas ideias centrais. Por um lado, questionar a ideia de que o conceito de «direitos humanos» possa ser transtemporal. Pelo contrário, procura mostrar-se que houve contextos históricos em que dificilmente se podia concetualizar direitos à escala da humanidade. A outra ideia central é a de que não é possível fazer uma história linear e contínua dos direitos humanos e que, quando os historiadores o tentam fazer, facilmente incorrem na retroprojeção e no anacronismo. Procura-se também identificar alguns debates historiográficos em torno destas questões, chamando-se a atenção para diferentes posicionamentos.
Eva é sempre a mesma mulher: a elaboração da Constituição de 1934 e a questão dos direitos e deveres femininos
Authors: Monica Karawejczyk
Published: April 2023

O texto pretende dar visibilidade para algumas das discussões apresentadas durante a terceira Constituinte da era republicana que versaram sobre a questão feminina. Entre os assuntos debatidos, que diziam respeito às brasileiras, serão destacados três, a saber: a participação feminina no corpo de jurados, o serviço militar obrigatório para as mulheres e o sufrágio feminino. Tais questões causaram certa controvérsia nas reuniões da Assembleia Constituinte e acabaram por reverberar na imprensa da época e, em especial, no jornal Correio do Povo, publicado na cidade Porto Alegre, fio condutor da narrativa aqui apresentada. Outras fontes de consulta foram os anais da Constituinte e os arquivos da Federação Brasileira pelo Progresso Feminino.
Cushing’s syndrome in Flanders and the Netherlands: an owner survey
Authors: Schils G. , Hoogendoorn M. , Stammeleer L. , Daminet S.
Published: April 2023

Cushing’s syndrome is a common chronic condition, with daily impact on the owner’s and dog’s life. The owners’ perception and quality of life are essential, as any negative impact could lead to cessation of medical care or decision of euthanasia. The present survey aimed at collecting the perception of Flemish and Dutch owners of dogs affected by Cushing’s syndrome on medical, practical, financial and emotional aspects. In total, the questionnaires of 218 respondents were available for analysis, highlighting owners’ expectations, quality of life, understanding of the disease and encountered difficulties, and identifying weak and strong points regarding ownerveterinary interactions, together with providing several demographic data related to canine Cushing’s syndrome in Flanders and the Netherlands.
Rabiës aan het einde van de 19de eeuw: Korte beschrijving aan de hand van een verdacht geval in Kruishoutem (1889)
Authors: Van der Meeren C. , De Smet J. , Devriese L.
Published: April 2023

In 2022 was het tweehonderd jaar geleden dat Louis Pasteur geboren werd (Dole, Franche- Comté) in het oosten van Frankrijk. Hij was een van de grondleggers van de bacteriologie en weerlegde definitief de theorie van de spontane generatie (leven ontstaat spontaan uit levenloze materie). Als eerste ontwikkelde hij efficiënte vaccins tegen vogelcholera (Pasteurella multocida), miltvuur (Bacillus anthracis) en vlekziekte (Erysipelotrix rhusiopathiae). Ook al wist Louis Pasteur niet dat razernij door een virus werd veroorzaakt, toch kon hij in 1885 een werkzaam rabiësvaccin produceren. Vooral dit vaccin tegen de gevreesde razernij (rabiës) maakte hem wereldberoemd (Figuur 1). Hij zou daardoor het leven redden van duizenden mensen die gebeten waren door honden met rabiës besmet. Maar hoe ging men voordien te werk om deze verschrikking in te perken? Aan miraculeuze tussenkomsten door Sint-Hubertus hechtte men in de tweede helft van de negentiende eeuw alsmaar minder geloof. Door de overheid opgelegde quarantaine nam de plaats in. Hieronder wordt beschreven welke maatregelen de Oost-Vlaamse gemeente Kruishoutem in 1873 nam bij een van rabiës verdachte hond, op voorschrift van de plaatselijke veearts. Het dier bleef gelukkig symptoomloos en de maatregelen werden na één maand opgeheven.
Short-Term Impact of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Leukemia Patients on Bone Bio Markers, Electrolytes and Blood Profile
Authors: Joshi Rhythm , Khan Zehva , Garg Aakriti , Bhurani Dinesh , Agarwal Nidhi B , Aqeel Ubada , Khan Mohd Ashif
Published: April 2023

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) has significantly improved the survival rates of patients suffering from hematological malignancies. However, the cure can only be achieved at the price of morbidity and long-term complications such as bone diseases leading to fractures and osteopenia. Several studies have reported the impact of organ transplants on bone metabolism, electrolytes and blood profile. This prospective observational clinical study aims at elucidating the effects of HSCT on bone metabolism, electrolytes and blood profile in leukemia patients. Sixty patients were included in this study. The current study aimed to evaluate the short-term (30 days) impact of HSCT on bone biomarkers [osteoprotegerin (OPG) and alkaline phosphatase], electrolytes (calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium), and blood profile [hemoglobin, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), platelet, and total leucocyte count (TLC)] in leukemia patients undergoing HSCT from their record files before HSCT (TP1) and after 30 days of HSCT (TP2). Further, the correlation among various parameters at TP2 was assessed using Spearman correlation analysis. At TP2, the level of OPG, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, magnesium and TLC increased significantly compared to TP1. However, no significant change was observed in other parameters at TP2 compared to TP1. A statistically significant positive correlation of TLC with hemoglobin and sodium; and magnesium with alkaline phosphatase was observed. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation between hemoglobin and calcium was observed. Even though there was a statistically significant increase in the level of OPG, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, magnesium and hemoglobin after 30 days of HSCT, the level of bone biomarkers, electrolytes and blood profile were in the normal physiological range. However, additional studies are required to get a detailed understanding of the changes in parameters after HSCT.