bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi Kuantitatif Gambaran Swamedikasi Mahasiswa Kesehatan di Kota Medan
Authors: Khairunnisa Effendi  , Diva Aulia Nathasya  , Sylva Qamara Nur Fadilah  , Siregar Zahwatul Hasanah
Published: July 2023

Pengobatan sendiri adalah upaya mengatasi keluhan gejala hingga penyakit sebelum mengambil keputusan untuk melakukan pemeriksaan di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan atau tenaga kesehatan. Pengobatan sendiri adalah pilihan lain bagi orang untuk dapat dengan mudah mencapai biaya pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa kesehatan dan upaya pengobatan sendiri mahasiswa kesehatan di tiga perguruan tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode survei. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner melalui formulir Google yang kemudian dianalisis untuk dapat menggambarkan hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa dalam praktik swamedikasi menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan kelompok riset tentang swaredien pada tiga perguruan tinggi A, B, dan C dikategorikan sangat baik dan baik, yaitu universitas A, masing-masing 84% dan 16% tidak terlalu baik. Universitas B 100%, universitas C 95%, dan kurang baik 5%. Dalam upaya pengobatan sendiri, 81% siswa mendapatkan universitas A dan 19% tidak cukup baik. Universitas B 97% dan 3% tidak baik. Sedangkan universitas C 92% dan 8% kurang bagus. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, diketahui bahwa universitas B memiliki tingkat pengetahuan tertinggi, yaitu 100% dan upaya pengobatan sendiri sebesar 97% di antara ketiga universitas di kota Medan.
Analisa Bending Loss pada Fiber Optic Single-Mode
Authors: RyanYusrizal Ryan , Sefrina Putri Trisnanti  , Meta Yantidewi  , Irwan Rawal Husdi
Published: July 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh diameter lengkungan terhadap bending loss pada fiber optic, pengaruh jumlah lilitan terhadap bending loss, dan faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya bending loss. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) tipe Cable Analyzer Fluxe Networks DSX-602. Variabel kontrol yaitu fiber optic single-mode dan panjang fiber optic. Variabel manipulasi yaitu diameter lengkungan (mm) dan jumlah lilitan serta variabel respon yaitu bending loss (dB) dan reflektansi (dB). Data diperoleh dengan alat OTDR yang di lengkungkan pada kerucut sesuai dengan variabel penelitian. Diketahui bahwa loss terjadi karena adanya sinar datang dan garis normal yang membentuk sudut kritis yang jika semakin kecil akan menyebabkan sinar menembus dan tidak dipantulkan. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa diameter lengkungan berpengaruh terhadap nilai loss yang jika semakin besar diameternya akan semakin kecil loss yang terjadi dan semakin banyak jumlah lilitan juga akan mengakibatkan semakin besar nilai loss yang terjadi.   Alat ukur dalam penelitian ini juga berpengaruh terhadap loss karena memiliki sensitivitas atau batas ukur yang berbeda serta terbatas, sehingga jika diameter terlalu kecil alat tidak mampu menunjukan hasil yang maksimal. Diharapkan Analisa dalam penelitian ini dapat membantu penelitian selanjutnya untuk sensor beban, propagasi, dan pengembangan ilmu terkait fiber optic kedepannya.
Analisis Redaman Fiber Optik dengan Menggunakan Pemodelan Software Optisystem
Authors: Rahmatulloh Mohammad Arif , Hanto Dwi , Yantidewi Meta , Agitta Rianaris  , R.A. Firdaus
Published: July 2023

Fiber optik merupakan media transmisi dengan menggunakan cahaya. Fiber optik mampu menghasilkan redaman (atenuasi) kurang dari 20 dB/km dengan bandwith yang besar sehingga mampu untuk mentransmisikan data dalam kapasitas yang besar dan kecepatan yang tinggi. Pelemahan (redaman) adalah salah satu karakteristik dari serat optik, redaman ini mengakibatkan penurunan dari daya cahaya, penurunan bandwith dari sistem transmisi, dan kapasitas sistem.penelitian dilakukan secara simulasi dengan menggunakan Software Optisystem karena dapat merancang jaringan optik dengan mudah, dan efisien. Percobaan dilakukan untuk menentukan redaman sinyal optic apabila dilakukan dengan 2 variasi yaitu panjang fiber optik sebanyak 10 kali dan penambahan EDFA sebagai penguat optik. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa Semakin panjang fiber optik yang digunakan maka redaman daya yang dihasilkan juga akan semakin besar. Nilai atenuasi dapat bernilai negatif karena nilai daya saat diterima oleh photodetector lebih besar dibandingkan dengan daya saat ditransmisikan. Hal ini dikarenakan penambahan Erbium Dopped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) pada rangkaian optic yang berfungsi sebagai penguat optik. Sehingga dengan penambahan EDFA pada penelitian ini sistem optik tidak mengalami redaman. Besarnya redaman dapat menyebabkan terganggunya proses transmisi dan berpengrauh terhadap kebutuhan daya pada sistem serat optik.
Relasi Nilai Politik, Proses Teknokratis, dan Partisipatif dalam Mengakomodir Kebutuhan Masyarakat Kota pada Arena Perencanaan dan Penganggaran
Authors: Franky Djafar  , Rifka S. Akibu
Published: July 2023

Skema perencanaan dan penganggaran mengharuskan adanya relasi antara nilai politik, proses teknokratis, dan partisipatif sebagai konstruksi demokratisasi kebijakan.  Sempitnya penyerapan apirasi dan kebutuhan masyarakat yang dirasakan selama ini akibat dari kurang padunya hasil rumusan antara perencanaan politik, teknokratis, dan partisipatif dalam rencana pembangunan. Kecenderungan modus perencanaan dan penganggaran di daerah masih terlalu bersifat teknokratis dan politis yang tidak di imbangi dengan aspek partisipasi yang nyata. Peran lembaga perencana pembangunan daerah sebagai Lembaga teknis perencanaan yang diharapkan menjadi mediator dalam perencanaan pembangunan dalam pelaksanaannya tidak bisa berbuat banyak karna masih di bawah tekanan politik oleh penguasa dan kelompok kepentingan lainnya. Peran esensial para aktor pembangunan seperti partai politik, kelompok kepentingan, maupun para kelompok penekan dalam mengartikulasikan kebutuhan masyarakat dalam pembangunan daerah tidak berjalan pada garis integritas sistem politik. Beberapa hal yang mempengaruhi kebutuhan masyarakat sulit terakomodir yakni datang dari tingkat kepentingan politik, kualitas usulan, dan keprofesionalan aparatur lembaga perencana.
Research Progress on Anatomical Structure of Alveolar Antral Artery
Authors: Zhao Yuhui , Zhao Jiefan , Dong Qing , Gu Jianqi
Published: July 2023

Alveolar antral artery is closely related to the bleeding of the maxillary sinus floor elevation. By reviewing the study of the alveolar antral artery, and analyzed the blood supply source, diameter, detection rate, relationship with bone wall and other characteristics of alveolar antral artery, so as to provide reference for avoiding alveolar antral artery injury in clinical practice.
Research on the Theory and Practice of Juvenile Public Welfare Education
Authors: Chen Qihui
Published: July 2023

As a new hope and reserve force for the future development of the nation, young people play an extremely important role. They are full of innovative thinking in the process of growth, and have high plasticity. At the same time, the teenage years are also the best time to develop good habits and shape the world view. Therefore, it is very important to carry out diversified public welfare activities to cultivate the all-round quality of young people. We should try our best to provide young people with a variety of opportunities for public welfare activities, so as to inspire them to inject more vitality into the country’s public welfare undertakings. Therefore, this paper first introduces the relevant contents of public welfare education, and then analyzes the current situation and influencing factors of public welfare education for Chinese youth. On this basis, the paper puts forward the practical strategies of youth public welfare education, and summarizes. Public welfare education is a form of education that cultivates youth’s sense of social responsibility, teamwork spirit and civic consciousness through participation in public welfare activities. Through public welfare education, young people can learn important values such as humanistic care, social problems and public interests in practice. However, public welfare education of teenagers in our country faces some problems nowadays. Among them, the lack of public welfare awareness, the insufficiency of family education, the limitation of school education system and the pressure of social environment all have a certain impact on the development of public welfare education for teenagers. In order to effectively carry out youth public welfare education, we should adopt the following practical strategies: First, build a diversified public welfare platform to provide various public welfare activities and projects to meet the needs of different young people. Second, strengthen the cooperation between families and schools, and jointly cultivate young people’s sense of public welfare and values. In addition, the training and guidance of young volunteers should be strengthened to improve their ability and quality. Public welfare education for teenagers is of great significance in cultivating their all-round quality. We should actively create a diverse public welfare environment and provide more opportunities for young people to participate in public welfare activities. Through the practice of public welfare education, we can stimulate young people’s sense of social responsibility and civic consciousness, and inject more vitality into public welfare undertakings in our country.
DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-COST SPECTROPHOTOMETER USING A DUAL-ARDUINO SYSTEM
Authors: MYUNG DEREK JEON
Published: July 2023

Rationale: A spectrophotometer is an analytical instrument used to measure the transmission or reflection of visible light, UV light, or infrared light for quantifying solution concentrations.   Despite the importance of the spectrophotometer as a precious analytical instrument, it has not been possible for many STEM science laboratories to access spectrophotometers due to their lack of funding.   Creating a spectrophotometer with an Arduino microcontroller might demonstrate the possibility that low-cost assembling procedures can give insight into spectrophotometry and affordable accessibility for young scientists. 

Methods: An Arduino Uno was connected with an RGB LED and two light sensors that read the light intensity from two points, one from the front near to light input and the other from the back of the sample cuvette. A stepper motor could control the sample cartridge, which had 16 holders created with a 3D printer. The second Arduino Uno managed the stepper motor with an obstacle sensor to stop the cartridge at the exact sample reading point. The difference in the analog light intensity was recorded into variables for later calculating calibration curve with regression slope, intersection, and coefficient.  

Results: Using three colors of food dyes and serial dilution solutions, it was found that this automated spectrophotometer could accurately measure the sample concentrations within approximately 5.7% error from the actual concentration. The performance of the Arduino spectrophotometer was supported with the comparable regression coefficients being near 0.98 or so in measuring standard serially diluted dye solutions of the food dyes within the spectrum of the dye concentration.

Conclusion: With 8 dye samples of blind test trials, no difference in the measured concentration was found for those from the samples with concentration created blindly.
BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS OF Buddleja SPP., AND THEIR THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALS
Authors: HIKAL WAFAA M. , SAID-AL AHL HUSSEIN A. H. , TKACHENKO KIRILL G.
Published: July 2023

Plants are rich source of natural bioactive phytochemicals. Medicinal plants have ingredients that can treat a disease or can be used to manufacture useful drugs. Herbal medicines are an important part of culture and traditions all over the world. Present review discusses the reported work on the genus Buddleja, due its chemical components and medicinal uses including structures, origins and the potent biologically active natural products isolated from Genus Buddleja, which is known for having many important pharmacologically active substances. The Genus Buddleja have more than 150 species, many of them are distributed in Mediterranean and Asian regions. Traditionally, species of the genus are reported to be used for healing, treatment of liver diseases, bronchial complaints, preventing several other diseases by exhibiting diuretic properties, sedative functions, analgesic potential, antirheumatic actions, antimicrobial activities, anti-hyperglycemic functions and antioxidant properties. A very small number of common species of the Genus Buddleja have been investigated for their biological potential. So, for purposes of the review are shedding light on the plants of the genus Buddleja being promising plants and conducting further examination, study and investigation of their chemical components and biological efficiency.
THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATION OF Aloe barbadensis Mill. (aloe vera) FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): A SYSTAMATIC REVIEW
Authors: CHAKRABORTY KOUSANI
Published: July 2023

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a lifestyle disorder that occurs due to hyperandrogenism in women. In this, FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) levels decrease whereas testosterone levels increase at once. There are many reasons for which PCOS occurs. Etiology and pathophysiology are discussed briefly in the present article. Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Mill.) is a renowned medicinal herb among the whole world for its pharmacological activities like ‘anti-diabetogenic’, ‘anti-microbial’, ‘anti-inflammatory’, ‘anti-obesity’ and clinical activities including ‘PCOS management’ and ‘wound healing’, ‘skin protection’ etc. The present paper objects to summarize the impact of aloe vera in PCOS management and other PCOS-induced disorders. It inhibits the genes that induce PCOS and aloe vera also regulates the activity of insulin. Several bioactive phytochemicals, present in aloe vera like ‘barbaloin’, ‘aloe-emodin-9-anthrone’, ‘lsobarbaloin’ ,’Anthrone-C-glycosides’ and ‘chromones’, ‘phytosterols’, ‘aloin’, ‘anthrone’, ‘aloe emodin’ , ‘aloetinic acid’ , ‘choline’ and ‘choline salicylate’ etc., which are responsible for its efficacy in PCOS and PCOS-induced disorders management.
IDENTIFICATION OF PSYCHOACTIVE NICOTINE COMPOUND IN COMMONLY USED INDIAN TOOTH PASTE PRODUCTS
Authors: BABU P. B. RAMESH , MANIKANDAN A. , BEGUM A. SARAH , SHARON N. S. , BALASHANMUGAM P. , NIVETHA B.
Published: July 2023

Nicotine is a nitrogen-containing alkaloid produced by a small number of plants, including the tobacco plant. Although the use of tobacco products as dentifrices is still popular in some parts of India, Indian law prohibits the use of nicotine in dentifrices. Nicotiana tobacco, the type of nicotine found in tobacco plants, is a nightshade family member and has a potential to cause oral lesions and other oral hazard in a few individuals. In the present study, we focussed to find the quantitative limits of Nicotine in toothpaste varieties. Ten brands for ordinarily utilized toothpaste were assessed by Agarwal and Rajagopal method for extraction and seclusion of nicotine from toothpowder. Another most proposed method for the practical and reliable detection of alkaloids belong to pyrrolidine group -test by Wagner reagent (iodine-potassium-iodide solution). Our results demonstrated the presence of nicotine content in a few commercial brands tested like Closeup, Pepsodent, Colgate and Himalaya. Our approach involved in demonstrating a simplified method to analyse nicotine compounds in tooth pastes by expressing titrations values using aqueous solutions using Wagner reagent. Further safety studies need to be focussed in validating a simplistic and rapid method in monitoring and expressing the permissible limits of nicotine in commonly available tooth paste varieties.
ALLEVIATION OF WATER STRESS ON SOYBEAN (Glycine max) BY FOLIAR APPLICATION OF POTASSIUM
Authors: HASHEM OMNIA, S. M. , ERAKY HANIA A. M.
Published: July 2023

An experiment was performed in wiry greenhouse at Giza Experimental Research Station (30.0204508, 31.2067921), ARC, during two summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 to determine the optimum potassium requirement for mitigating the adverse effects of water stress and improving photosynthetic rate, oxidative substance, RWC, growth and seed quality of soybean. Soybean plants were exposed to water stress at different growth stages under water limited regimes,i.e100% (control), 88% (moist), 76% (medium) and 64% (dry) as well as Potassium at the concentrations of 1 and 2% K2O in addition to spraying with water (as control) were applied. Increasing water stress up to 64% significantly decreased chlorophyll fluorescence, RWC, LAI, CGR and yield component, in the contrary, proline, lipid peroxidation and total soluble protein content increased in response to water stress. In water stress treatments, plants treated with 2%K2O showed the highest values for chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), RWC, LAI, CGR, protein, carbohydrate, oil,  N, P, k seed content, germination measurements and yield component, while proline, lipid peroxidation, total soluble protein content and EC gave the lowest values. It seems that the application of potassium in 2%K2O concentration may improve plant functions in both normal and stress conditions.
INSECTICIDAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL STUDY OF Dennettia tripetala (G. Baker) FRUIT OIL EXTRACT USED AS COWPEA GRAINS PROTECTANT AGAINST Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) INFESTATION
Authors: ONI MERCY OLAYINKA , LAMIDI ABDULATEEF ADEWUMI , OLADEPO CHRISTIANAH OLUWASEUN , OLANIYI OGUNGBITE CHARLES
Published: July 2023

Dennettia tripetala fruit ethanolic oil extract was investigated for its insecticidal property. Bioassay was conducted at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0ml/20 g of susceptible cowpea. Results indicated that 1.0 ml dosage was the most effective as it evoked 100% beetle mortality within 24 h of application and its effect was significantly (p<0.05) different from other treatments except the positive control that recorded up to 94% mortality of the beetles. All dosages displayed significant lethal effects on the insect as compared with the untreated check. Insect mortality was dosage dependent. Probit analysis showed that, fruit oil extract required 2.46 and 6.66ul to achieve 50 and 95% highest insect mortality within 24 hours. Treated seeds with highest dose of 1.0 ml D. tripetala extract prevented oviposition, adult emergence as well as ability of the insect to cause damage and weight loss, hence reduced infestation and subsequent damage of treated cowpea seeds. Thus, Dennettia tripetala extract could be a potential toxicant and of great importance in storage protection of stored cowpea against the bruchids. The bilirubin, GGT and Uric acid were high as the dosages increased. Positive control showed significantly higher concentration of Bilirubin - 69.11g/dl, GGT - 38.02g/dl Uric acid - 50.25g/dl while Total protein was at its least (0.06g/dl) when compared to other groups. The low values of AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), ALP (Alkaline Phosphate), ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) and Creatine concentrations recorded at 1.0ml of 2% concentration of D. tripetala oil extract has no hepatotoxic effect on animals.
FLOOD VULNERABILITY MAPPING OF RIVER NGADDA USING GEOSPATIAL AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES MAIDUGURI METROPOLIS, BORNO STATE
Authors: OBROH OVEKA GLORIA , SAMBO GARBA
Published: July 2023

Flood disaster has been threating to animal, plants, land, human and non-human resources over the years. This have increased concerns on the need to investigate various vulnerable areas to flood for decision making.  As a mitigative measures to loss of lives, properties, and livelihood which could arise from flood disaster, understanding zones at risk to flooding is vital to support all stages of disaster management including early warning and planning. River Ngadda is a major river within Maiduguri metropolis. Its plains and banks are known to have different activities and resources. When the river overflows its shores, neighboring lands could suffer destruction, there could be loss of lives and properties. This project aims to investigate flood vulnerability along River Ngadda identifying the shores, plains, and banks of the river at risk. The research adopts ground truth information, the use of Aster DEM (30m) and Sentinel 2 (10m) Satellite Imagery dataset through Geospatial and Remote Sensing techniques to assess undulating nature of the area under study, identify areas liable to flood and analyzed the flood plain. Further analysis was carried out to obtain the Land use and Landcover (LULC) within the study area using a supervised classification and areas at various flood risk were also identified. This research results presented the river plains, flood vulnerable impact on LULC, it was found that 13.17 hectares of built-up areas fall within the very high flood risk zone, over sixty six percent (66%) of the study area appears fall within the moderate to very high vulnerable flood risk zone and the production of the flood plains, LULC, risk and hazard map of the study area was presented. This result could aid early warning, planning and decision making for River Ngadda and its environs.
FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH ROT IN PLANTAIN AND ITS EFFECTS OF ON NUTRITITIONAL VALUE OF THE FRUIT
Authors: FRANCES EJIMOFOR CHIAMAKA , JOHNSON OLEDIBE ODIRA , ENOCH NWAKOBY NNAMDI
Published: July 2023

The nutrients found in Plantain are necessary for the body's metabolism. However, if the fruits are infected with fungi, they can be tampered with. This can lead to a reduction in the nutrients' quality and quantity. Fruit rot of Plantain is a post-harvest fungi that can affect the quality and quantity of the fruit. The objective of the study was to determine the fungi associated with fruit rot of plantain and its effects on the nutritional value of plantain fruits. Three samples of healthy plantain fruits were taken from Eke-Aka market in Anambra state and were transported to Alpha research laboratory Awka, Anambra state in a sterile polythene bag for isolation. Proximate analysis was carried out on both samples to determine the moisture content, crude fat, crude fibre, crude protein, ash content and carbohydrate content determination. The fungi associated with the spoilage of Plantain fruits in Eke Awka, Anambra state were studied using the standard procedure. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) were the culture media used. 39g of PDA and 69g of SDA were poured into one litre of water in the conical flask and autoclaved at 121ºC at 15psi for 20 minutes. Fungi identified were: Aspergillus sp, Fusarium sp and Penicillium sp. The result showed that Aspergillus sp (52.50%) had the highest frequency of occurrence from the fungi isolated while Penicillium sp. (20.00%) had the least occurrence. The result of nutritional analysis showed that the healthy plantain pulp had high moisture content (27%) and low fibre (6.50%) while the spoilt plantain pulp have high moisture content (35.20%) and low protein content (1.30%). From the study, the activity of these microorganisms affect the nutritional value of the plantain fruit.
DISTRIBUTION OF POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC AND TOTAL ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON CONTENTS IN SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENTS OF SOMBRIERO RIVER IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ALOZIE BARTHOLOMEW EZE , OSUJI LEO CHIGBU , HART ADUABOBO IBITORU
Published: July 2023

Variations in Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and Total Aliphatic Hydrocarbon (TAH) concentrations in surface water and sediments of Sombriero River during wet and dry climatic conditions and their implications to human health and the environment were investigated. The sediments and water samples were collected from seven selected stations at Sombriero river banks and within Sombriero River. The dry season sampling was carried out in December, 2020 while the wet season sampling took place in May, 2021. The samples were analyzed in the laboratory for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH’s), and Total aliphatic Hydrocarbons (TAHs) following the standard operational procedures. The results indicated that the summation of the Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon (\(\Sigma\)PAH’s) exceeded 0 – 50ng/l background value signifying contamination by polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon with congeners such as benzo(a) pyrene; benzoflouranthenes; benzo(a) anthracene; indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene and dibenzo(a,h) anthracene which are carcinogenic. The aliphatic fraction of the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) results indicated ranges within DPR target and intervention limits, but the aromatic fraction indicated presence of chemical compounds that are carcinogenic to human health and at concentrations that exceeded their tolerable limits. The potential health effect of concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons to human exposure in the study area lies on the carcinogenic Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) fractions constituent chemical compounds such as Benz[a]anthracene, Benzo[b]fluoranthene, Benzo[k]fluoranthene, Benzo[a]pyrene,  Dibenz [a,h] anthracene, Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, whose concentrations portends human health  hazard.
EFFECT OF LEAF PHENOLOGY, TOPOGRAPHY AND WIND SPEED ON FOREST CANOPY HEIGHT AND ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS ESTIMATION USING OPTICAL UAV DATA IN MALAWI’S MIOMBO WOODLANDS
Authors: KADZUWA HENRY , MISSANJO EDWARD
Published: July 2023

The study investigated the effect of tree leaf phenology, topography and wind speed on estimating forest canopy height (FCH) and above ground biomass (AGB) using optical drone data in Miombo Woodlands of Malawi. Data were acquired in 2019 from thirteen plots of Ntchisi Forest Reserve, in two-fold; tree measurements from 0.1ha in-situ plots and airborne RGB ortho-images overlaid on the terrestrial plots from 50 ha boxes. The imagery were acquired by DJI Phantom-4 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) at ~7cm pixel resolution. These were processed using Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry algorithm in Agisoft Metashape Professional software. Malawi’s local allometry  was used to estimate AGB while the Analysis of Variance was employed to test accuracy. Results reveal that leaf phenology, topography and wind speed significantly (P<0.05) affected estimation of FCH and AGB using the airborne observations. Wind speed contributed highly (53.95% and 55.52%) to the total variation of FCH and AGB, respectively. Furthermore, wind speed upsurge >5m.s-1 (-666.90±27.62%; -64.78±8.47%), topography >15% slope (-114.53±2.92%; -17.07±2.31%) and leaf-off condition (-188.45±25.62%; -27.80±7.98 %) bore higher errors for FCH and AGB, respectively. A significant variation of relationship (R2=0.71; P<0.05) was observed between ground-based height and UAV canopy height. Nevertheless, the variation of the relationship strongly increased by 10% to R2=0.81 when two plots highly affected by the wind speed were excluded from the analysis. Similarly, a significant variation of relationship (R2=0.81; P<0.05) was registered between the ground-based and UAV-based AGB. Correspondingly, a very strong variation of relationship (R2= 0.95; an increase by 14%) was yielded when the two plots highly affected by wind speed were excluded from the analysis. These findings imply that seasonal leaf-fall, slope and wind speed significantly influence the accuracy of FCH and AGB estimations in Miombo Woodlands. Hence, for accurate results, it is a pre-requisite to consider leaf-phenology, topography and wind speed prior to undertaking ground and airborne inventory in the Woodlands.
THE INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION (EE) AS A TEACHING SUBJECT USING A WASTE SEPARATION APPROACH, A CASE STUDY OF SCHOOLS AT IFAKO-IJAIYE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ALLEN-TAYLOR K. O.
Published: July 2023

The Nigerian society lacks profound environmental awareness, knowledge and attitudes (AKA) on sustainable environmental practices. This research analyses how Environmental Education (EE) could help to develop the students’ awareness, knowledge and attitude towards their environment. The research investigates two secondary schools selected randomly in Lagos state, Nigeria. The empirical part of this research follows qualitative and quantitative data analyses obtained through primary and secondary sources as experimental research. The research further generalizes the discussion and proposes some topics to be integrated into the teaching of EE, followed by some constraining factors that may affect the teaching of environmental education in Nigeria. This research has not proven that the introduction of EE as a teaching single subject is the only solution to the environmental problems in Nigeria, but rather will help to challenge the students’ environmental responsibility in their society.
AFFECTATION OF THE FAMILY ECONOMY AND ITS DIRECT IMPACT ON HIGHER EDUCATION IN MEXICO DUE TO THE HEALTH CONTINGENCY OF COVID-19
Authors: SERRET-CRUZ BELEM IDALIA
Published: July 2023

The “Type of Article” of this paper is “Letter to the Editor”. This paper discuses about: “AFFECTATION OF THE FAMILY ECONOMY AND ITS DIRECT IMPACT ON HIGHER EDUCATION IN MEXICO DUE TO THE HEALTH CONTINGENCY OF COVID-19”. No formal abstract is available. Readers are requested to read the full article.
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE FOR COVID 19 AMONG NURSES IN PUDUCHERRY, INDIA
Authors: NINAN WINNY ANNA , KAVITHA D. , CHITRA A. FELICIA
Published: July 2023

Background: Development of alternative medicine usage makes it necessary for nurses to be up to date about these treatments. However, much information is needed about the level of knowledge and practice of the nurses in this field.

Aim: The current study aimed to identify the level of knowledge and practice on selected alternative medicine for covid 19 among covid 19 positive nurses in Puducherry city, India.

Subjects and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among COVID 19 positive nurses, in Puducherry. Sample size were 55, selected through convenient sampling. The quantitative approach was used and design was descriptive survey design. Data collected by using structured questionnaire related to demographic variables and knowledge level. practice was assessed by Likert scale.

Result: A total of 55 participants were recruited, majority of whom were female 42 (76.4%), and 44(80%) participants were aged between 18-30 years. The result shows that 39(70.9%)had heard about the alternative medicine and 33(60%) had not underwent any type of alternative medicine. The data show that 23(41.8%) had inadequate and moderate knowledge and 9(16.4%) had adequate knowledge, However,44(80%) had moderate practice and 5(9.1%) had adequate practice.

Conclusion: These study findings revealed that majority of nurses were aware about the alternative medicine practiced in the region. when the level of knowledge of selected alternative medicine for covid 19 increases their practice also will be increased.
IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ON LEVEL OF ESSENTIAL MINERAL CONTENT AND HEAVY METAL OF PLANT SPECIES FROM CHEMBUR INDUSTRIAL AREA OF MUMBAI, INDIA
Authors: MORE SMITA N. , SINGARE PRAVIN U.
Published: July 2023

The rapid development in urban and industrial areas has risen the air pollution problem for a few decades. Plants leaves can maintain their essential mineral content even under the air pollution stress and can survive for a longer period. Aiming at the current issue of air pollution, the present study was carried out to determine heavy metal and essential element concentration present in twelve landscape plant species collected from the Chembur industrial area of Mumbai. Heavy metal accumulation in leaves exhibits an impact on plant metabolic processes. The highest cobalt concentration (3.07 ppm) was reported by Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. in the rainy season. The highest chromium concentration was reported by Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand (11.38 ppm) in the summer season. Calcium mineral content was found to be maximum for Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit (60472 ppm) in the summer season. The highest potassium mineral content was observed for Polyalthia longifolia (27738 ppm) in the rainy season. Apluda mutica L. has reported the highest magnesium content (8475 ppm) in the summer season and Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand has reported the highest sodium content (10028 ppm) in the summer season. Raised heavy metal load of plant leaves reduces the essential mineral content of plant species. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit, Polyalthia longifolia, Apluda mutica L., Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand could maintain the mineral content necessary for metabolic processes and can survive for a longer duration even under pollution stress. Also, these plant species exhibited cobalt and chromium concentration in normal limits as well as have certain medicinal values. Hence these plant species can be planted in large numbers around the industrial area to develop green zone and for their medicinal uses.
Carica papaya THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES IN DISEASE MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW
Authors: KHAN SABIR , ARSHAD SHAFIA , AMIN ZEEMAL SEEMAB , ABBAS SABA , AHMAD MUKHTIAR , TANVEER RIDA , LATIF AMARA , SHAHID ABBAS
Published: July 2023

Carica papaya of (family: Caricaceae) is one of the mostly used plants. The papaya is well recognized for having nutritious and therapeutic importance. Various plant parts of papaya for example leaves, seeds, fruit, skin and roots have been utilized in accordance to their therapeutic importance. Here, the main objective of the review is to merge different evidences based curative uses such as, the antibacterial, hypolipidemic and antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-sickling, diuretic, anti-amoebic, anticoagulant, insecticidal, antimalarial, anthelmintic, antioxidant, antifungal, activities of papaya extract. The data were collected from “Scopus”, “Google Scholar”, “Science Direct” and “Web of Science” by searching words such as, “antimicrobial”, “antifungal”, “hypoglycemia or diabetes”, “sickle-cell, antioxidant”, “Carica papaya” until 2021. The papaya plant, including its fruit, leaves, seeds, bark, latex and its constituents plays an important role in treating the course of different diseases. Carica papaya extract contains active components such as glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins, which are responsible for its medicinal properties. The main results showed that papaya plant extract has powerful medicinal properties with antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, clinical trials are needed to investigate the medicinal potential of papaya plant extract. Though, more work is necessary to certify the safety profile, dose and mode of action of papaya peel, leaves and seeds while being utilized as a remedial product.
DNA EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES FOR SOME WILD SPECIES FROM UZBEKISTAN
Authors: NIKITINA E. V. , KHALBEKOVA Kh. U. , KARIMOV F. I.
Published: July 2023

Although DNA extraction is already a routine procedure and protocols have been developed for a large number of plant species, various plant tissues and organs, solving the problem of extracting pure undegraded DNA from plant is the main step in molecular approaches for study plant organisms. The extraction of high-quality DNA from plant materials is an important factor for DNA barcoding. The effective DNA extraction protocol for samples with high content of admixture, which prevents the restriction reaction and the PCR, or degraded DNA should be established for each case. This work presents the comparison of DNA isolation techniques from silica gel dried and herbarium samples of some wild species collected in Uzbekistan. In this work, we optimized the technique for isolating the total DNA, on the examples of 16 representatives of Salvia, Dracocephalum, Phlomoides, Tulipa, Iris, Allium genera from Uzbekistan. The results of a comparative analysis of three methods of DNA extraction from leaf tissues of wild plants are represented in this article. DNA amount and purity degrees were measured using spectrophotometer. The efficiency of the DNA extraction method was assessed according to two criteria: the quantitative parameters -DNA concentration (ng/μl), and the qualitative parameters - DNA purity (nm). The DNA concentration variate from 758.1 ng/μl obtained with the CTAB method to 13.89 ng/μl obtained with commercial column extraction kits. λ = 260/280 ratio is range from 1.7 to 1.98 nm. Additionally, PCR amplification was realized to reflect the validation of the DNA isolation protocol, using specific primers of four chloroplast (rbcL, matK, psbA, trnL-F) and one nuclear (ITS) plant DNA barcode regions. The sequence length was 300–800 bp appropriately.
MORPHO-GENETIC VARIATION AND LOSSES ASSESSMENT OF FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE OF GRAM PREVAILING IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID REGION OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Authors: FATIMA KANEEZ , HABIB AMER , SAHI SHAHBAZ TALIB , CHEEMA HAFIZA MASOOMA NASEER
Published: July 2023

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major source of human and animal food and the world’s third most important pulse crop after beans and peas. Chickpea is rich source of protein like meat. In Pakistan, it is one of the most cultivated crops in Thal areas. Fusarium spp. cause gram wilt disease which has adverse effect on crop production and livelihood of these areas. Current study was carried out for isolation, purification of Fusarium spp. involved in gram wilt disease and molecular characterization of nine most virulent Fusarium spp. from five districts (Layyah, Bhakkar, Khushab, Jhang & Mianwali) in Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The survey results showed that the highest disease severity of 100% in districts Layyah abd Bhakkar compared to 75% observed in Jhang and Mianwali. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that F. oxysporum, G. moniliformis and F. solani are most dominant strain present in five districts of Thal region and are causing gram wilt.
IDENTIFICATION OF LOW GRAIN SHATTERING QTLS IN RICE USING BACKCROSS INBRED LINES OF MTU1010
Authors: SAMPATH V. S. , RAMANA P. V. , RAMANA J. V. , AHAMED M. LAL , DURGA K. VIJAYA , KASTURI T. , PRAVEENA M. VANI
Published: July 2023

Rice is an important food crop in Asia and is predominant in India. Rice crop is affected by biotic or abiotic stresses which culminate in yield loss. Grain shattering is physiological problem among the several stresses in rice. Some rice varieties which are improved through breeding still have problems like grain shattering. The mega variety MTU 1010 has several desirable traits but having high grain shattering has been a major drawback. Therefore identification of QTLs for low grain shattering is important for improving MTU 1010 with marker assisted breeding programmes. Eighty four backcross inbred lines in BC2F8 generation were developed from the cross MTU1010/JGL17004. The parental polymorphism survey was carried out with 626 SSR markers. Out of these, 88 markers were polymorphic between the parents. The population was subjected to genotyping with the eighty eight polymorphic markers. The genotyping data was used in QTL ICImapping Version 4.2 to generate a linkage map which covered 2381cM. The IM and ICIM analysis detected 29 and 22 QTLs respectively at a LOD threshold of 2.0. The epistatic analysis detected 453 epistatic QTLs. Four novel QTLs viz., qSh-2-1, qSh-2-2, qSh-3-1 and qSh-10-1 for shattering were detected in both ICIM and IM. These four QTLs were also co-localized with 24 epistatic QTLs. Among the four QTLs identified in the present study, qSh-3-1 on chromosome 3 is far away from the QTLs reported earlier while, the QTL qSh-2-2 might be nearer to the gene (OsGRF4) for moderate grain shattering identified in earlier studies. But till date, none of the QTLs were identified for low grain shattering on chromosome 10. The current study also identified some major QTLs viz., qPHt-3-1 , qDFF-6-1, qPL-8-1, qUFG-2-1, qSF-2-1 and qTW-6-1 with high phenotypic variance. The BILs with low grain shattering can be utilized for further confirmation studies and the regions with QTLs for low grain shattering can be analyzed more precisely. So that they can be introgressed into the varieties with high grain shattering.
EFFECT OF OSMO-PRIMING ON SEED QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF ARTIFICIALLY AGED RICE (Oryza sativa L.) SEEDS
Authors: GUPTA JAI PRAKASH , KAMBLE UMESH R.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: As per Indian minimum seed certification standards, minimum germination percentage for certified rice seeds needs to be above 80%. During storage and transport of seeds, it is likely to be affected by high humidity and temperature fluctuations which subsequently can lead to loss in seed viability and vigour. Priming technology has proven in reversing the detrimental effects of seed deterioration and increasing seedling vigour, seedling length and seedling dry weight. Therefore, standardization of a priming technique is imperative to ameliorate deteriorated seeds affected due to natural ageing or variable storage conditions.

Materials and Methods: In the present study, two rice cultivars viz., PRH-10 and KMR-3 were initially subjected to an accelerated ageing test and further osmo-primed with various chemicals viz., potassium nitrate, polyethylene glycol, zinc sulphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and salicylic acid. Effect of various osmo-priming treatments and its effect on seed germination, vigour and biochemical properties were analysed.

Results and Discussion: Exposition of seeds to accelerated ageing test of both the varieties resulted in reduction of germination percentage, and vigour index I and II. However, with different osmo-priming treatments, germination percentage, seedling dry weight and vigour indices I and II were found to increased notably in accelerated ageing test seeds.

Conclusion: Among the various treatments, seeds osmo-primed with ZnSO4 and salicylic acid were found to beneficial in improving seed germination in PRH-10 and KMR-3 varieties.
ENHANCED PRODUCTION OF VASICINE, AN ALKALOID IN CALLUS AND SUSPENSION CULTURES OF Adhatoda zeylanica
Authors: PAUL K. JAYA , REDDY K. JANARDHAN , SREELAXMI L.
Published: July 2023

Adhatoda zeylanica is an important medicinal plant and being used in the rural areas of India for several ailments. It belongs to the family Acanthaceae and is known as Vasaka in Sanskrit, Malabar nut in English. The leaves contain a pyrroloquinazoline alkaloid called Vasicine. It is a powerful expectorant, antiseptic, antiperiodic and antihelminthic. Besides seasonal variations, majority of the plant-based alkaloids can not be chemically synthesized. Tissue culture protocols for a number of medicinal plants were established, and this enabled the analysis of callus/cell suspension extracts for the presence of different classes of secondary products.. Therefore, research attempts for the production of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical importance through tissue culture approach was taken up to enhance the production of vasicine. Callus cultures were established from leaves and petioles of A.zeylanica on Murashige and Skoog and B5 medium supplemented with auxins (2,4-D and NAA) and cytokinins (6-BA and kinetin).The synthesis of vasicine was more in leaf-derived callus grown on MS medium with 10.7µM NAA and 4.4 µM 6-BA along with 0.5ml/l of Ornithine(4.7mg/gDW). Suspension cultures were treated with different biotic and abiotic elicitors to increase the content of vasicine. Aspergillus niger at a concentration of 1.5ml/l gave maximum yield of 4.72mg/gDW of vasicine after an incubation of 48hrs. Chitosan yielded 5.54mg/gDW of vasicine at a concentration of 150mg/l for 48 hrs incubation.Synthesis of vasicine was detected and confirmed by thin layer chromatography,1H NMR, 13C NMR, electron ionization mass spectra and high pressure liquid chromatography analyses.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYLLOPLANE MICROBES ASSOCIATED WITH SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas (L.) LAM.)
Authors: AGOGBUA JOSEPHINE U. , NWALA SMILE I.
Published: July 2023

The phylloplane of plants are associated with diverse micro-organisms which could be phytopathogens or non-pathogenic beneficial microbes. This study aimed at the isolation, characterization and identification of fungi and bacteria associated with the phylloplane of seven sweet potato varieties (UMUSPO 1, UMUSPO 2, UMUSPO 3, UMUSPO 4, TiS 0.87, Mother delight and King James) using molecular techniques. Leaf samples were collected from field-grown plants and taken to the laboratory for isolation of associated phylloplane microbes. The fungi and bacteria were isolated using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium and nutrient agar respectively. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from the fungi isolated from UMUSPO3 and UMUSPO4 varieties while bacterial DNA was extracted from UMUSPO 4. The genomic DNA was extracted using Zymo Quick-DNA fungal /Bacterial MiniPrep kit. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification targeted the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene for the fungi and the 16S gene for the bacteria using universal primer pairs (ITS4 and ITS5 for the fungal DNA, and 27F and 1525R for the bacterial DNA). The sequence of each organism was aligned with the sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The result of the alignment revealed that the fungal isolate of UMUSPO3 was 95.07% identical to Trichoderma koningiopsis (AJ27995.1) and the fungal isolate of UMUSPO4 was 91.67% identical to Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus (MI4384816.1). The bacterial isolate of UMUSPO4 was 100% identical to Bacillus cereus (MK120124.1). This study has revealed some of the microorganisms associated with the phylloplane of sweet potato in the study area.
GENETIC DIVERSITY ESTIMATION AMONG THIRTEEN LATE MATURING MANGO VARIETIES USING SSR MARKERS
Authors: BUKHARI BIRRA , MEHVISH AMBREEN , BABAR MUHAMMAD , RAZA SAMAD , ULLAH SYED INAM , QURESHI MUHAMMAD AHSAN , ZAFAR MUHAMMAD SHAHZAD , NAZ AMBREEN , RAUF SHEEBA , SHAUKAT FAIZA , RAUF NIMRA
Published: July 2023

Genetic diversity estimation of 13 varieties of mango was assessed using 28 microsatellite markers. Mean values of 3.9231, 0.4455, 0.5407 and 0.4952 were observed for alleles, minor alleles frequency, gene diversity and polymorphic information content respectively. The observed heterozygosity value of YY implies that spontaneous hybridization may have contributed to the ancestry of some genotypes and that improvement by farmers may have possibly been by selection of somatic mutants. The dendrogram of the cluster analysis revealed three groups. Findings demonstrated the efficiency of SSR markers in distinguishing closely related mango varieties due to their high specificity. The study contributes to the understanding of the genetic organization of the mango germplasm. Nonetheless, fifteen SSR markers were used in thirteen exotic mango varieties to calculate polymorphism percentage, genetic diversity, frequency based genetic distances, genetic diversity percentage, allelic frequencies and PIC values. Polymorphism percentage recorded was 76.48%. Moreover, varietal similarity index of genome helped to construct phylogenetic tree that divided all varieties into three clusters according to their genetic similarities. First cluster that exhibited similarity in genetic consonance included varieties viz. Collector, Haden, Zill, Early gold and Pope. Two varieties i.e. Momi-k and Spring Fells were similar to each other genetically. Similarly, third cluster encapsulated Kensington Pride, Tomi-Atkin, Keitt, Maya and Sensation cultivars in genetic harmony.