bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychopathology among apprentice traditional health practitioners: A quantitative study from rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: van der Zeijst Martine C.E. , Veling Wim , Makhathini Elliot Mqansa , Mtshemla Sisanda , Mbatha Ndukuzakhe D. , Shabalala Sinethemba S. , Susser Ida , Burns Jonathan K. , Susser Ezra , Hoek Hans W.
Published: October 2020

Sociocultural context seems to influence the epidemiology, phenotype, treatment, and course of psychosis. However, data from low- and middle-income countries is sparse. This research is part of a multidisciplinary and multimethod study on possible mental disturbances, including hallucinations, among (apprentice) traditional health practitioners (THPs) who have experienced the “ancestral calling to become a THP” in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The aim of the current article is to examine whether the calling-related experiences can be assessed according to a psychiatric taxonomy. We included individuals who were identified with the calling and who were undergoing training to become a THP ( ukuthwasa). IsiZulu-speaking formal mental health practitioners conducted thorough psychiatric interviews that measured psychological experiences with and without distress using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences, and psychiatric symptoms and disorders using the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Of the 48 individuals who participated, 92% had psychotic experiences (PE), causing distress in 75%; and 23% met DSM-5 criteria for an unspecified psychotic disorder (15%) or mood disorder (8%). In conclusion, in rural KwaZulu-Natal, the ancestral calling may resemble phenomena that psychiatry would understand in the context of psychosis, ranging from subclinical PE to clinical psychotic disorder. Ukuthwasa might have a beneficial influence on the course of psychotic symptoms in some individuals, potentially because it reduces stigma and promotes recovery. Further multidisciplinary research is needed to investigate the psychopathology of the apprentice THPs and the underlying processes of ukuthwasa.
Particularities of indoor atmospheric corrosion of steel inside electric boxes in the tropical climate of Tabasco, Mexico
Authors: Angel-Meraz Ebelia Del , Corvo Francisco , Hernandez-Morales Nancy E. , Tejero-Rivas Maria C.
Published: October 2020

Indoor corrosion inside electric boxes is important for the reliability of electric and electronic instruments. A parallel evaluation of indoor/outdoor atmospheric corrosion of steel, pollutants and meteorological parameters was made at two sites, i.e. a rural site and a coastal site of the Tabasco State, Mexico. Two exposure conditions were evaluated: outdoors and inside electric boxes. Very low levels of sulphur compounds have been observed at the two exposure sites and two exposure conditions. As expected, corrosion of steel in an open atmosphere is higher than indoors (electric boxes). The difference between corrosion outdoors and inside electric boxes is higher at the coastal site due to the influence of chloride deposition. Significant differences have been observed in the morphology of corrosion products formed on steel. The influence of sun radiation, rain, dew and fog causes the formation of more compact corrosion products. The influence of Time of Wetness outdoors is in some extent equivalent to the influence of relative humidity inside electric boxes. Commonly, chloride deposition is very low indoors, showing low influence on corrosion. However, in particular conditions of Tabasco coastal tropical climate, its role is significant indoors. Reliability of electric and electronic instruments could be affected.
Numerical study of the influence of ventilation modes on the distribution and deposition of particles generated from a specific cooking process in a residential kitchen
Authors: Wang Yuanbo , Li Huixing , Feng Guohui
Published: October 2020

Computational fluid dynamics have been used to numerically study the particle diffusion and deposition in a residential kitchen under several ventilation modes. First, combining the renormalized group turbulent model with cooking release conditions, the airflow field in a kitchen was simulated and its airflow characteristics were analysed. Second, the drift flux model was adopted to predict the spatial distribution of particles, quantifying various mechanisms that affect the particle diffusion. Finally, the deposition flux towards the wall was determined by a semi-empirical particle deposition model. The results show that the rising thermal plume has a great influence on the diffusion of particles. When particles with small sizes diffuse in the kitchen, the influence of turbulence plays a crucial role. The case studies show that the ventilation form is an important factor affecting the concentration distribution and deposition of particles. However, the ultrafine particles distribution with different sizes is little sensitized to changes of the airflow field. The results also show that the main determinant of the deposition flux is the particle concentration near the wall. There is not much difference in the particle deposition flux under different particle sizes, which is related to the larger air exchange rate.
Mindfulness as an intervention after multisystem trauma
Authors: Clement Elizabeth , Murphy Patrick , Lee Anna , Ericson Austin , Gratton Carolyn , Clements Thomas , Ryan Joanna , Kim Michael , Ball Chad G , Widder Sandy
Published: October 2020

Background

There is a known significant risk of negative mental health consequences following traumatic injury, yet no standard approach to prevent psychiatric illness in trauma patients currently exists. Mindfulness-based psychotherapies have been shown to reduce symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety and improve resiliency, however it is unknown whether a mindfulness intervention immediately following traumatic injury would lead to diminished mental health consequences.

Methods

Multi-system trauma patients at the University of Alberta Hospital (N = 63) and the Foothills Hospital (N = 60) were assigned to the experimental and control groups respectively. Patients in the experimental group were asked to use the guided mindfulness application “Stop, Breathe & Think” for 28 consecutive days. All patients completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) 48 hours and 28 days following admission. An exit interview was conducted for patients in the experimental group.

Results

There was no significant difference in mean enrollment DASS-21 scores, mean enrollment CD-RISC scores, mean follow-up DASS-21 scores and mean follow-up CD-RISC scores between experimental and control groups. Paired t-tests of mean admission and mean follow-up DASS-21 and CD-RISC scores were not significantly different in the experimental group. Paired t-tests of mean admission and follow-up CD-RISC scores were not significantly different in the control group whereas mean followup DASS-21 scores were decreased in the control group relative to enrolment DASS-21 scores (p = 0.014). Patients reported improved mood after use of mindfulness, and most planned to continue using the therapy and would recommend it to others.

Conclusion

Our study did not demonstrate an objective benefit of mindfulness intervention immediately following traumatic injury. Exit interview data suggests that a web-based mindfulness intervention may be beneficial for certain trauma patients however further research is required to identify those most likely to realize substantial gains.
Prediction of the thermal bow of rotor based on the measured displacement and temperature
Authors: Peng He , Zhou Zhaohua , Feng Jigang , Yu Xiangyu , Liu Zhansheng
Published: October 2020

The thermal bow of the rotor occurs in the cooling process after the shutdown of the aeroengine. The deflection of the bowed rotor is the primary concern of the research on this problem. The objective of this work is to propose a method to predict the bow shape of the rotor with the measured temperature and displacement in a rotor thermal bow experiment. The experiment was introduced and the variations of the measured temperature and displacement were analyzed. A series of polynomial function was proposed to model the bowed shape of the rotor. The measured temperature and displacement were taken into considered in the constraint equations, with which the coefficients in the polynomial function were obtained. The bow shapes of the rotor at different time in the experiments were analyzed. Results showed that the maximum deflection of the rotor was much greater than the measured displacement at the sections near the rotor support. The forced cooling could reduce the thermal deflection of the rotor quickly. The analysis of the different cases of experiment indicated that the proposed method could predict the bow shape of the rotor with the measured temperature and displacement.
Problems affecting the pinna
Authors: Juman Charlotte , Bhamra Navdeep Singh , Jolly Karan
Published: October 2020

The presentation of problems relating to the ears is common in general practice. This article considers common and significant presentations encountered in primary care including assessment, diagnosis and management of patients with guidance on when to refer to secondary care.
Surgery in Nasal Polyp Patients: Outcome After a Minimum Observation of 10 Years
Authors: Vlaminck Stephan , Acke Frederic , Prokopakis Emmanuel , Speleman Kato , Kawauchi Hideyuki , van Cutsem Jean-Christophe , Hellings Peter W. , Jorissen Mark , Seys Sven , Bachert Claus , Zele Thibaut Van , Lambrecht Bart N. , Gevaert Philippe
Published: October 2020

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) often requires surgery, but recurrence even after surgery is common. Recurrence rates largely vary in literature and asthma seems to be a comorbid factor.

Objective

In this study, we aim to estimate disease recurrence during a long-term follow-up, together with the investigation of possible predicting and/or influencing parameters.

Methods

Out of 196 patients operated for CRSwNP between 01/2000 and 01/2006, 133 patients had a follow-up of at least 10 years and could be included. The inflammatory profile at surgery was determined on nasal tissue and sinonasal secretions, and included analysis of eosinophils, eosinophilic-rich mucus (ERM) typically containing Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLC), and fungal hyphae (FH). During follow-up, recurrence, received treatments and comorbidities were collected.

Results

Out of the 133 included patients, local eosinophilia was present in 81% and ERM in 60%. Recurrence during follow-up was observed in 62%, and was associated with local eosinophilia and ERM (both p < 0.001). Asthma was present in 28% at inclusion, and 17% developed asthma after surgery during follow-up. The presence of asthma, at inclusion as well as developed during follow-up, was significantly associated with recurrence of CRSwNP (p = 0.001 for group comparison).

Conclusion

Recurrence after CRSwNP surgery is common when a long-term follow-up is taken into account. ERM detected in sinonasal secretions at surgery seems to be a predictive factor for recurrence and need for revision surgery. Asthma is a frequently found comorbid factor in CRSwNP, develops even at higher age despite surgical treatment for CRSwNP, and is also associated with a higher recurrence rate. Sustained medical care after surgery is mandatory.
International broadcasters and country image management: Comparing audience perceptions of China, Russia and Iran in Latin America
Authors: Morales Pablo Sebastian
Published: October 2020

This article focuses on international news channels in the Global South and the perceptions by audiences in Latin America. Designed with the intention of re-shaping global narratives, international broadcasting is considered instrumental to public diplomacy and improving the image of particular countries. While many studies focus on global media policies of specific countries or the messages broadcast by international media outlets, less attention has been paid to the impact on audiences. Based on a series of focus groups conducted in Mexico and Argentina, this article discusses how Latin American audiences perceive public diplomacy efforts as channelled by international news media and their effect on country image perception, by focusing on China’s CCTV-E, Russia’s RT and Iran’s HispanTV. The findings show that preconceived images contribute to undermine the acceptance of international broadcasters. In addition, participants were optimistic about RT’s prospects of success in Latin America, hesitant about HispanTV and pessimistic about China Central Television.
Social Exclusion of Muslims in India and Britain
Authors: Khan Sabah
Published: October 2020

The main objective of this article is to study the complexities and nuances of exclusion of Muslims, a dominant minority group in India and Britain. It is an exploration of how Muslims, a religious minority in both India and Britain, are facing exclusion in different spheres of life, namely socio-economic and physical spaces. Moreover, it also explores the process of ‘othering’ which further excludes Muslims. It aims to explore how exclusion is directly associated with religion in face of a stigmatised religious identity. Muslims in India and Britain are not one monolith community. However, their experience of exclusion in different spheres of society offers some similarities. It offers an account of the fact that Muslims stand on the periphery in social and secular spheres of life and how this is closely related to their identity.
Producing a Chinese hydrosocial territory: A river of clean water flows north from Danjiangkou
Authors: Rogers Sarah , Wang Mark
Published: October 2020

Hydrosocial territories are produced not just through concrete water infrastructure, but through flows of people, water, money, and ideas at multiple scales. As part of China’s South–North Water Transfer Project, water drawn from the distant Danjiangkou Reservoir now supplies the megacities of Beijing and Tianjin with the majority of their drinking water. To provide this new service – supplying drinking water of sufficient quality and quantity – the Reservoir and its upper reaches are in the midst of socio-economic and ecological transformations. In this article, we outline the tools being mobilised to send a river of clean water north, including administrative interventions, displacement, and discursive imaginings. We argue that what is being attempted is a wholesale reorganisation that marginalises local territorialities, reflects China’s particular governing rationalities and practices, and highlights new spatialities of water governance. Our analysis of the remaking of Danjiangkou pushes hydropolitical scholarship to more precisely define the geographies of power in hydrosocial territories.
Evaluation of two commercially-available Salmonella vaccines on Salmonella in the peripheral lymph nodes of experimentally-infected cattle
Authors: Edrington Thomas S. , Arthur Terrance M. , Loneragan Guy H. , Genovese Kenneth J. , Hanson Devin L. , Anderson Robin C. , Nisbet David J.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Salmonella is a common inhabitant of the ruminant gastrointestinal tract, where it often resides asymptomatically and may be shed into the feces. More recently it was discovered that Salmonella may be contained within the peripheral, non-mesenteric lymph nodes, where it is impervious to in-plant pathogen control interventions and may serve as a source of Salmonella-contamination of ground beef. Over the past 10 years considerable research effort has been expended at understanding how this pathogen gets to these lymph nodes, the duration of infection, and, most importantly, screening and developing potential intervention strategies that may be employed on farm prior to the animal being presented for slaughter.

Methods:

Utilizing an experimental model of Salmonella inoculation of bovine peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs), two pilot vaccine experiments were conducted to evaluate two Salmonella vaccines: Salmonella Newport Bacterial Extract (Experiment I) and Endovac-Bovi® (Experiment II) on preventing Salmonella acquisition by these nodes. In Experiment I, 4 months following the booster vaccination, 30 steers were inoculated with three Salmonella serotypes intradermally: Newport, Montevideo, and Anatum administered to the right legs, left legs, and to the caudal thorax and abdomen, respectively. Cattle were inoculated every other day over the course of five days (three total inoculation events) and 6 and 12 days following the final Salmonella inoculation, 16 and 14 head in each treatment were euthanized, respectively. In Experiment II, 12 head of Holstein steers were utilized. Seven days following the booster and weekly thereafter for 3 weeks (four total inoculation events), cattle were inoculated as above and euthanized 7 days following final inoculation. Right and left sub-iliac, popliteal and pre-scapular lymph nodes were collected in each experiment, weighed and cultured for Salmonella.

Results:

In Experiment I, no treatment differences were observed in Salmonella prevalence 6 days post-inoculation (necropsy 1). However, in vaccinated cattle at the second necropsy, a reduction ( p = 0.05) in Salmonella prevalence was observed in the sub-iliac and pre-scapular lymph nodes as well as when all nodes were evaluated collectively ( p = 0.04). In Experiment II, the vaccine reduced ( p = 0.03) Salmonella prevalence in the right popliteal and tended ( p = 0.09) to decrease prevalence in both popliteal lymph nodes.

Conclusion:

Under these experimental conditions, the data generated provide evidence of a partial vaccine effect on Salmonella within PLNs and indicate that further research may be warranted.
Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111) plus obinutuzumab in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and follicular lymphoma
Authors: Tam Constantine S. , Quach Hang , Nicol Andrew , Badoux Xavier , Rose Hannah , Prince H. Miles , Leahy Michael F. , Eek Richard , Wickham Nicholas , Patil Sushrut S. , Huang Jane , Prathikanti Radha , Cohen Aileen , Elstrom Rebecca , Reed William , Schneider Jingjing , Flinn Ian W.
Published: October 2020

Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111) is a next-generation Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor designed to be more selective with fewer off-target effects. We conducted a phase 1 study to assess the safety of its combination with obinutuzumab and evaluate early efficacy in 81 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) or relapsed/refractory (R/R) follicular lymphoma (FL). In this phase 1b study, zanubrutinib was tolerable at 160 mg twice daily or 320 mg once daily combined with IV obinutuzumab in patients with CLL/SLL (n = 45) and FL (n = 36). Common adverse events (AEs) included upper respiratory tract infection (51%; n = 23), neutropenia (44%; n = 20), contusion (33%; n = 15), cough, diarrhea, or fatigue (27%; n = 12 each), and pyrexia (22%; n = 10) in CLL/SLL patients and upper respiratory tract infection (39%; n = 14), contusion (28%; n = 10), fatigue (25%; n = 9), and cough (22%; n = 8) in FL patients. Neutropenia was the most common grade 3/4 AE (CLL/SLL, 31% [n = 14]; FL, 14% [n = 5]). Five patients required temporary dose reductions, and 5 discontinued the study drug because of AEs. Overall response rate (ORR) was 100% (n = 20) in treatment-naïve CLL patients and 92% (n = 23) in R/R CLL patients. ORR in 36 R/R FL patients was 72% (n = 26), with 14 complete and 12 partial responses. Median follow-up was 29 months (range, 8-37) for CLL patients and 20 months (range, 2-37) for FL patients. Zanubrutinib and obinutuzumab combination therapy was generally well tolerated. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02569476.
Multiple donor-derived leukemias in a recipient of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for myeloid malignancy
Authors: Aldoss Ibrahim , Song Joo Y. , Curtin Peter T. , Forman Stephen J.
Published: October 2020

Key Points

A patient with myelodysplastic syndrome was transplanted twice and developed clonally unrelated relapse each time in donor-derived cells. This case supports the concept that a leukemogenic marrow environment may predispose the transplant recipient to malignant transformation.
Correction to: IonCRAM: a reference-based compression tool for ion torrent sequence files
Authors: Shokrof Moustafa , Abouelhoda Mohamed
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Distinctive gene and protein characteristics of extremely piezophilic Colwellia
Authors: Peoples Logan M. , Kyaw Than S. , Ugalde Juan A. , Mullane Kelli K. , Chastain Roger A. , Yayanos A. Aristides , Kusube Masataka , Methé Barbara A. , Bartlett Douglas H.
Published: October 2020

Background

The deep ocean is characterized by low temperatures, high hydrostatic pressures, and low concentrations of organic matter. While these conditions likely select for distinct genomic characteristics within prokaryotes, the attributes facilitating adaptation to the deep ocean are relatively unexplored. In this study, we compared the genomes of seven strains within the genus Colwellia, including some of the most piezophilic microbes known, to identify genomic features that enable life in the deep sea.

Results

Significant differences were found to exist between piezophilic and non-piezophilic strains of Colwellia. Piezophilic Colwellia have a more basic and hydrophobic proteome. The piezophilic abyssal and hadal isolates have more genes involved in replication/recombination/repair, cell wall/membrane biogenesis, and cell motility. The characteristics of respiration, pilus generation, and membrane fluidity adjustment vary between the strains, with operons for a nuo dehydrogenase and a tad pilus only present in the piezophiles. In contrast, the piezosensitive members are unique in having the capacity for dissimilatory nitrite and TMAO reduction. A number of genes exist only within deep-sea adapted species, such as those encoding d-alanine-d-alanine ligase for peptidoglycan formation, alanine dehydrogenase for NADH/NAD+ homeostasis, and a SAM methyltransferase for tRNA modification. Many of these piezophile-specific genes are in variable regions of the genome near genomic islands, transposases, and toxin-antitoxin systems.

Conclusions

We identified a number of adaptations that may facilitate deep-sea radiation in members of the genus Colwellia, as well as in other piezophilic bacteria. An enrichment in more basic and hydrophobic amino acids could help piezophiles stabilize and limit water intrusion into proteins as a result of high pressure. Variations in genes associated with the membrane, including those involved in unsaturated fatty acid production and respiration, indicate that membrane-based adaptations are critical for coping with high pressure. The presence of many piezophile-specific genes near genomic islands highlights that adaptation to the deep ocean may be facilitated by horizontal gene transfer through transposases or other mobile elements. Some of these genes are amenable to further study in genetically tractable piezophilic and piezotolerant deep-sea microorganisms.
RNA-Seq and differential gene expression analysis in Temora stylifera copepod females with contrasting non-feeding nauplii survival rates: an environmental transcriptomics study
Authors: Russo Ennio , Lauritano Chiara , d’Ippolito Giuliana , Fontana Angelo , Sarno Diana , von Elert Eric , Ianora Adrianna , Carotenuto Ylenia
Published: October 2020

Background

Copepods are fundamental components of pelagic food webs, but reports on how molecular responses link to reproductive success in natural populations are still scarce. We present a de novo transcriptome assembly and differential expression (DE) analysis inTemora styliferafemales collected in the Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean Sea, where this copepod dominates the zooplankton community. High-Throughput RNA-Sequencing and DE analysis were performed from adult females collected on consecutive weeks (May 23rd and 30th 2017), because opposite naupliar survival rates were observed. We aimed at detecting key genes that may have influenced copepod reproductive potential in natural populations and whose expression was potentially affected by phytoplankton-derived oxylipins, lipoxygenase-derived products strongly impacting copepod naupliar survival.

Results

On the two sampling dates, temperature, salinity, pH and oxygen remained stable, while variations in phytoplankton cell concentration, oxylipin concentration and oxylipin-per-diatom-cell production were observed.T. styliferanaupliar survival was 25% on May 23rd and 93% on May 30th. De novo assembly generated 268,665 transcripts (isoforms) and 120,749 unique ‘Trinity predicted genes’ (unigenes), of which 50% were functionally annotated. Out of the 331 transcript isoforms differentially expressed between the two sampling dates, 119 sequences were functionally annotated (58 up- and 61 down-regulated). Among predicted genes (unigenes), 144 sequences were differentially expressed and 31 (6 up-regulated and 25 down-regulated) were functionally annotated. Most of the significantly down-regulated unigenes and isoforms wereA5 Putative Odorant Binding Protein(Obp). Other differentially expressed sequences (isoforms and unigenes) related to developmental metabolic processes, protein ubiquitination, response to stress, oxidation-reduction reactions and hydrolase activities. DE analysis was validated through Real Time-quantitative PCR of 9 unigenes and 3 isoforms.

Conclusions

Differential expression of sequences involved in signal detection and transduction, cell differentiation and development offered a functional interpretation to the maternally-mediated low naupliar survival rates observed in samples collected on May 23rd. Down-regulation ofA5 Obpalong with higher quantities of oxylipins-per-litre and oxylipins-per-diatom-cell observed on May 23rd could suggest oxylipin-mediated impairment of naupliar survival in natural populations ofT. stylifera. Our results may help identify biomarker genes explaining variations in copepod reproductive responses at a molecular level.
Recruiting men from across the socioeconomic spectrum via GP registers and community outreach to a weight management feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: McDonald Matthew D. , Dombrowski Stephan U. , Skinner Rebecca , Calveley Eileen , Carroll Paula , Elders Andrew , Gray Cindy M. , Grindle Mark , Harris Fiona M. , Jones Claire , Hoddinott Pat ,   on behalf of the Game of Stones team, Avenell Alison , Kee Frank , McKinley Michelle , Tod Martin , van der Pol Marjon
Published: October 2020

Background

Men, particularly those living in disadvantaged areas, are less likely to participate in weight management programmes than women despite similar levels of excess weight. Little is known about how best to recruit men to weight management interventions. This paper describes patient and public involvement in pre-trial decisions relevant to recruitment and aims to report on recruitment to the subsequent men-only weight management feasibility trial, including the: i) acceptability and feasibility of recruitment; and ii) baseline sample characteristics by recruitment strategy.

Methods

Men with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 and/or waist circumference ≥ 40 in. were recruited to the feasibility trial via two strategies; community outreach (venue information stands and word of mouth) and GP letters, targeting disadvantaged areas. Recruitment activities (e.g. letters sent, researcher venue hours) were recorded systematically, and baseline characteristics questionnaire data collated. Qualitative interviews (n = 50) were conducted three months post-recruitment. Analyses and reporting followed a complementary mixed methods approach.

Results

105 men were recruited within four months (community n = 60, GP letter n = 45). Community outreach took 2.3 recruiter hours per participant and GP letters had an opt-in rate of 10.2% (n = 90/879). More men were interested than could be accommodated. Most participants (60%) lived in more disadvantaged areas. Compared to community outreach, men recruited via GP letters were older (mean = 57 vs 48 years); more likely to report an obesity-related co-morbidity (87% vs 44%); and less educated (no formal qualifications, 32% vs 10%, degree educated 11% vs 41%). Recruitment strategies were acceptable, a sensitive approach and trusting relationships with recruiters valued, and the ‘catchy’ study name drew attention.

Conclusions

Targeted community outreach and GP letters were acceptable strategies that successfully recruited participants to a men-only weight management feasibility trial. Both strategies engaged men from disadvantaged areas, a typically underserved population. Using two recruitment strategies produced samples with different health risk profiles, which could add value to research where either primary or secondary prevention is of interest. Further work is required to examine how these strategies could be implemented and sustained in practice.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03040518, 2nd February 2017.
Comparison of prognostic impact of anatomic location of the pancreas on postoperative pancreatic fistula in laparoscopic and open gastrectomy
Authors: Kinoshita Jun , Yamaguchi Takahisa , Saito Hiroto , Moriyama Hideki , Shimada Mari , Terai Shiro , Okamoto Koichi , Nakanuma Shinichi , Makino Isamu , Nakamura Keishi , Tajima Hidehiro , Ninomiya Itasu , Fushida Sachio
Published: October 2020

Background

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a serious complication after gastric cancer surgery. The current study aimed to investigate the significance of the anatomic location of the pancreas as a predictor for POPF in both laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) and open gastrectomy (OG).

Methods

In total, 233 patients with gastric cancer were assessed retrospectively. We measured the maximum vertical (P-L height; PLH) and horizontal length (P-L depth; PLD) between the upper border of pancreas and the root of left gastric artery on a preoperative CT in the sagittal direction. The maximum length of the vertical line between the surface of the pancreas and the aorta (P-A length), previously reported as prognostic factor of POPF, was also measured. We investigated the correlations between these parameters and the incidence of POPF in LG and OG groups.

Results

Among the patients in this study, 118 underwent OG and 115 underwent LG. In LG, the median PLH and P-A length in patients with POPF were significantly longer compared with those without POPF (p = 0.026, 0.034, respectively), but not in OG. There was no significant difference in the median PLD between the patients with or without POPF in both LG and OG. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that PLH (odds ratio [OR] 4.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.57–11.3, P = 0.004) and P-A length (OR 4.06, 95%CI 1.05–15.7, P = 0.042] were independent factors for predicting POPF in LG. However, intraoperative blood loss (OR 2.55, 95%CI 1.05–6.18, P = 0.038) was extracted as an independent factor in OG. The median amylase level in the drained fluid (D-Amy) were significantly higher in patients with high PLH(≥12.4 mm) or high P-A length (≥45 mm) compared with those with low PLH or low P-A length in LG. However, there were no differences in the D-Amy levels by PLH or P-A length in OG patients.

Conclusions

The anatomic location of the pancreas is a specific and independent predictor of POPF in LG but not in OG. PLH is a simple parameter that can evaluate the anatomic position of the pancreas, and it may be useful for preventing POPF after LG.
Classification of gastrointestinal symptom patterns in young adults
Authors: Vivier Helize , Ross Emily J. , Cassisi Jeffrey E.
Published: October 2020

Background

The purpose of this study was to identify common gastrointestinal (GI) symptom groups using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - GI symptom scales (PROMIS-GI) within a large sample of young adults. An attempt was made to relate the emergent groups to the Rome IV disorders of gut-brain interaction symptom domains. The PROMIS-GI is a freely available, adaptable, normatively referenced symptom measurement system that is applicable to many health assessment situations.

Methods

Participants were 956 introductory psychology students between the ages of 18 and 25 who completed the PROMIS-GI as part of ongoing research monitoring physical and psychological health of students at a major southeastern university. GI symptom groups were determined using a latent class analysis (LCA) approach. These GI symptom groups were then compared on key psychosocial factors including self-reported mood, anxiety, and health related quality of life (HRQoL) using MANOVA.

Results

Three groups were identified based on GI symptom elevations: Normal (n = 649), Mild (n = 257), and Moderate (n = 50). Self-reported anxiety, depression, and bodily pain levels were significantly higher in the Mild and Moderate GI symptom groups, and they indicated significantly lower work functioning, and general health ratings compared to participants in the normal group.

Conclusions

Approximately a third of young adults surveyed were experiencing at least one GI symptom of a severity greater than normative levels. Both the Mild and Moderate GI groups demonstrated a similar configuration of symptoms with significantly the higher levels of pain, gas/bloating, and nausea/vomiting compared to the Normal group. The configuration of symptoms did not map discretely onto the Rome IV diagnostic categories for Bowel Disorders, such as IBS with predominant Diarrhea or Functional Constipation as might be expected. Rather, the emergent groups suggest that Bowel Disorders occur on a continuum of severity across multiple symptom areas. Mild to moderate GI symptoms appear to emerge at much earlier ages and are more frequent than previously documented. It is recommended that health service providers evaluate individual patterns of “GI health” when young adults present with anxiety and depression, and conversely, they should assess anxiety and depression when they present with GI complaints.
Non-uptake of viral load testing among people receiving HIV treatment in Gomba district, rural Uganda
Authors: Nakalega Rita , Mukiza Nelson , Kiwanuka George , Makanga-Kakumba Ronald , Menge Robert , Kataike Hajira , Maena Joel , Akello Carolyne , Atuhaire Patience , Matovu-Kiweewa Flavia , Ndikuno-Kuteesa Cynthia , Debem Henry , Mujugira Andrew
Published: October 2020

Background

Viral load (VL) testing is the gold-standard approach for monitoring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment success and virologic failure, but uptake is suboptimal in resource-limited and rural settings. We conducted a cross-sectional study of risk factors for non-uptake of VL testing in rural Uganda.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of uptake of VL testing among randomly selected people with HIV (PWH) receiving anti-retroviral treatment (ART) for at least 6 months at all eight primary health centers in Gomba district, rural Uganda. Socio-demographic and clinical data were extracted from medical records for the period January to December 2017. VL testing was routinely performed 6 months after ART initiation and 12 months thereafter for PWH stable on ART. We used descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression to evaluate factors associated with non-uptake of VL testing (the primary outcome).

Results

Of 414 PWH, 60% were female, and the median age was 40 years (interquartile range [IQR] 31–48). Most (62.3%) had been on ART > 2 years, and the median duration of treatment was 34 months (IQR 14–55). Thirty three percent did not receive VL testing: 36% of women and 30% of men. Shorter duration of ART (≤2 years) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.38; 95% CI:1.37–4.12; p = 0.002), younger age 16–30 years (AOR 2.74; 95% CI:1.44–5.24; p = 0.002) and 31–45 years (AOR 1.92; 95% CI 1.12–3.27; p = 0.017), and receipt of ART at Health Center IV (AOR 2.85; 95% CI: 1.78–4.56; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with non-uptake of VL testing.

Conclusions

One-in-three PWH on ART missed VL testing in rural Uganda. Strategies to improve coverage of VL testing, such as VL focal persons to flag missed tests, patient education and demand creation for VL testing are needed, particularly for recent ART initiates and younger persons on treatment, in order to attain the third Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 95–95-95 target – virologic suppression for 95% of PWH on ART.
The relationship between physical activity and lymphoma: a systematic review and meta analysis
Authors: Davies Gwynivere A. , Strader Christopher , Chibbar Richa , Papatheodorou Stefania , Dmytriw Adam A.
Published: October 2020

Background

The literature suggests an increased risk between anthropometrics including higher body mass index and lymphoma incidence; however, the association with physical activity remains unclear. A systematic review/meta-analysis was therefore performed to examine this association with physical activity (total, recreational or occupational).

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were reviewed from inception to October 2019 identifying relevant observational studies. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) including subtypes diffuse large B cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) were analyzed. Included studies reported activity, lymphoma cases, effect size and variability measures, and were restricted to human subjects of any age. Data was pooled generating summary relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random-effects models with primary outcome of histologically confirmed incident lymphoma.

Results

One thousand four hundred studies were initially identified with 18 studies (nine cohort, nine case-control) included in final analysis. Comparing highest vs. lowest activity categories was protective for all lymphoma (RR 0.89, 95%CI 0.81–0.98). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated effect persistence within case-control studies (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71–0.96), but not cohort studies (RR 0.95, 95%CI 0.84–1.07). Borderline protective effect was seen for NHL (RR 0.92, 95%CI 0.84–1.00), but not HL (RR 0.72, 95%CI 0.50–1.04). Analysis by NHL subtype or gender showed no effect. Dose response analysis demonstrated a protective effect (p = 0.034) with a 1% risk reduction per 3 MET hours/week (RR 0.99, 95%CI 0.98–1.00).

Conclusions

Physical activity may have a protective effect against lymphoma development; further studies are required to generate recommendations regarding health policy.

Trial registration

This study was registered prospectively at PROSPERO: CRD42020156242.
Translating research into practice: outcomes from the Healthy Living after Cancer partnership project
Authors: Eakin Elizabeth G. , Reeves Marina M. , Goode Ana D. , Winkler Elisabeth A. H. , Vardy Janette L. , Boyle Frances , Haas Marion R. , Hiller Janet E. , Mishra Gita D. , Jefford Michael , Koczwara Bogda , Saunders Christobel M. , Chapman Kathy , Hing Liz , Boltong Anna G. , Lane Katherine , Baldwin Polly , Millar Lesley , McKiernan Sandy , Demark-Wahnefried Wendy , Courneya Kerry S. , Job Jennifer , Reid Natasha , Robson Erin , Moretto Nicole , Gordon Louisa , Hayes Sandra C.
Published: October 2020

Background

Healthy Living after Cancer (HLaC) was a national dissemination and implementation study of an evidence-based lifestyle intervention for cancer survivors. The program was imbedded into existing telephone cancer information and support services delivered by Australian state-based Cancer Councils (CC). We report here the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of the program.

Methods

In this phase IV study (single-group, pre-post design) participants - survivors of any type of cancer, following treatment with curative intent - received up to 12 nurse/allied health professional-led telephone health coaching calls over 6 months. Intervention delivery was grounded in motivational interviewing, with emphasis on evidence-based behaviour change strategies. Using the RE-AIM evaluation framework, primary outcomes were reach, indicators of program adoption, implementation, costs and maintenance. Secondary (effectiveness) outcomes were participant-reported anthropometric, behavioural and psychosocial variables including: weight; physical activity; dietary intake; quality-of-life; treatment side-effects; distress; and fear of cancer recurrence and participant satisfaction. Changes were evaluated using linear mixed models, including terms for timepoint (0/6 months), strata (Cancer Council), and timepoint x strata.

Results

Four of 5 CCs approached participated in the study. In total, 1183 cancer survivors were referred (mostly via calls to the Cancer Council telephone information service). Of these, 90.4% were eligible and 88.7% (n = 791) of those eligible consented to participate. Retention rate was 63.4%. Participants were mostly female (88%), aged 57 years and were overweight (BMI = 28.8 ± 6.5 kg/m2). Improvements in all participant-reported outcomes (standardised effect sizes of 0.1 to 0.6) were observed (p < 0.001). The program delivery costs were on average AU$427 (US$296) per referred cancer survivor.

Conclusions

This telephone-delivered lifestyle intervention, which was feasibly implemented by Cancer Councils, led to meaningful and statistically significant improvements in cancer survivors’ health and quality-of-life at a relatively low cost.

Trial registration

Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) - ACTRN12615000882527 (registered on 24/08/2015).
Therapeutic potential of a novel prodrug of green tea extract in induction of apoptosis via ERK/JNK and Akt signaling pathway in human endometrial cancer
Authors: Man Gene Chi Wai , Wang Jianzhang , Song Yi , Wong Jack Ho , Zhao Yu , Lau Tat San , Leung Kam Tong , Chan Tak Hang , Wang Huating , Kwong Joseph , Ng Tzi Bun , Wang Chi Chiu
Published: October 2020

Background

Previous studies have shown a major green tea polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate ((−)-EGCG) as a powerful anti-cancer agent. However, its poor bioavailability and requirement of a high dosage to manifest activity have restricted its clinical application. Recently, our team synthesized a peracetate-protected derivative of EGCG, which can act as a prodrug of (−)-EGCG (ProEGCG) with enhanced stability and improved bioavailability in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of this novel ProEGCG, in comparison to EGCG, toward human endometrial cancer (EC).

Methods

In this study, the effects of ProEGCG and EGCG treatments on cell growth, cell survival and modulation of intracellular signaling pathways in RL95–2 and AN3 CA EC cells were compared. The antiproliferative effect was evaluated by cell viability assay. Apoptosis was measured by annexin/propidium iodide staining. Expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases, markers of proliferation and apoptosis were measured by immunoblot analysis. In addition, the effects of ProEGCG and EGCG on tumor growth, vessel formation and gene expression profiles on xenograft models of the EC cells were investigated.

Results

We found that treatment with ProEGCG, but not EGCG, inhibited, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, the proliferation and increased apoptosis of EC cells. Treatment with low-dose ProEGCG significantly enhanced phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK and inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and ERK which are critical mediators of apoptosis. ProEGCG, but not EGCG, elicited a significant decrease in the growth of the EC xenografts, promoted apoptotic activity of tumour cells in the EC xenografts, and decreased microvessel formation, by differentially suppressing anti-apoptotic molecules, NOD1 and NAIP. Notably, no obvious adverse effects were detected.

Conclusions

Taken together, ProEGCG at a low dose exhibited anticancer activity in EC cells through its anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-tumor actions on endometrial cancer in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, a low dose of EGCG did not bring about similar effects. Importantly, our data demonstrated the efficacy and safety of ProEGCG which manifests the potential of a novel anticancer agent for the management of endometrial cancer.
Correction to: The prevalence and associated factors of alcohol use among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Tesfaye Getaneh , Demlew Demeke , G/tsadik Meseret , Habte Fikreselam , Molla Gebeyaw , Kifle Yohannes , Gebreegziabhier Gebreslassie
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Identification of bipolar disorder using a combination of multimodality magnetic resonance imaging and machine learning techniques
Authors: Li Hao , Cui Liqian , Cao Liping , Zhang Yizhi , Liu Yueheng , Deng Wenhao , Zhou Wenjin
Published: October 2020

Background

Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a common mood disorder that is often goes misdiagnosed or undiagnosed. Recently, machine learning techniques have been combined with neuroimaging methods to aid in the diagnosis of BPD. However, most studies have focused on the construction of classifiers based on single-modality MRI. Hence, in this study, we aimed to construct a support vector machine (SVM) model using a combination of structural and functional MRI, which could be used to accurately identify patients with BPD.

Methods

In total, 44 patients with BPD and 36 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Clinical evaluation and MRI scans were performed for each subject. Next, image pre-processing, VBM and ReHo analyses were performed. The ReHo values of each subject in the clusters showing significant differences were extracted. Further, LASSO approach was recruited to screen features. Based on selected features, the SVM model was established, and discriminant analysis was performed.

Results

After using the two-sample t-test with multiple comparisons, a total of 8 clusters were extracted from the data (VBM = 6; ReHo = 2). Next, we used both VBM and ReHo data to construct the new SVM classifier, which could effectively identify patients with BPD at an accuracy of 87.5% (95%CI: 72.5–95.3%), sensitivity of 86.4% (95%CI: 64.0–96.4%), and specificity of 88.9% (95%CI: 63.9–98.0%) in the test data (p = 0.0022).

Conclusions

A combination of structural and functional MRI can be of added value in the construction of SVM classifiers to aid in the accurate identification of BPD in the clinic.