bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fundamental stellar parameters of benchmark stars from CHARA interferometry
Authors: Karovicova I. , White T. R. , Nordlander T. , Casagrande L. , Ireland M. , Huber D. , Jofré P.
Published: June 2020

Context.Benchmark stars are crucial as validating standards for current as well as future large stellar surveys of the Milky Way. However, the number of suitable metal-poor benchmark stars is currently limited, owing to the difficulty in determining reliable effective temperatures (Teff) in this regime.

Aims.We aim to construct a new set of metal-poor benchmark stars based on reliable interferometric effective temperature determinations and a homogeneous analysis. The aim is to reach a precision of 1% inTeff, as is crucial for sufficiently accurate determinations of the full set of fundamental parameters and abundances for the survey sources.

Methods.We observed ten late-type metal-poor dwarfs and giants: HD 2665, HD 6755, HD 6833, HD 103095, HD 122563, HD 127243, HD 140283, HD 175305, HD 221170, and HD 224930. Only three of them (HD 103095, HD 122563, and HD 140283) have previously been used as benchmark stars. For the observations, we used the high-angular-resolution optical interferometric instrument PAVO at the CHARA array. We modelled angular diameters using 3D limb-darkening models and determined effective temperatures directly from the Stefan-Boltzmann relation, with an iterative procedure to interpolate over tables of bolometric corrections. Surface gravities (log(g)) were estimated from comparisons to Dartmouth stellar evolution model tracks. We collected spectroscopic observations from the ELODIE and FIES spectrographs and estimated metallicities ([Fe/H]) from a 1D non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) abundance analysis of unblended lines of neutral and singly ionised iron.

Results.We inferredTeffto better than 1% for five of the stars (HD 103095, HD 122563, HD 127243, HD 140283, and HD 224930). The effective temperatures of the other five stars are reliable to between 2 and 3%; the higher uncertainty on theTefffor those stars is mainly due to their having a larger uncertainty in the bolometric fluxes. We also determined log(g) and [Fe/H] with median uncertainties of 0.03 dex and 0.09 dex, respectively.

Conclusions.This study presents reliable and homogeneous fundamental stellar parameters for ten metal-poor stars that can be adopted as a new set of benchmarks. The parameters are based on our consistent approach of combining interferometric observations, 3D limb-darkening-modelling and spectroscopic observations. The next paper in this series will extend this approach to dwarfs and giants in the metal-rich regime.
Analysis and Modeling of Power Consumption Modes of Tunnelling Complexes in Coal Mines
Authors: Petrov Vadim , Sadridinov Alhidin , Pichuev Alexandr
Published: June 2020

The technological processes of mining enterprises are largely energy-intensive; therefore, studying the modes of power consumption in different sites of a mining enterprise is a relevant task, as it makes it possible to reduce current costs. The article presents the results of an experimental study of the dynamics of changes in the specific power consumption depending on per-shift indicators of extracted rock volume and the rate of mine workings penetration. The analysis of geological, technological and organizational factors affecting the efficiency of mining operations in coal mines is performed. Energy technological profiles and recommendations for assessing sustainable levels of power consumption by mechanized tunnelling complexes are given. Dynamic and predictive models of power consumption have been developed taking into account the main time trends and additive components within the limits that ensure a steady level of power consumption. Special recommendations on improving the efficiency of power consumption during mining operations are given.
Analysis of methane hazard in longwall working equipped with a powered longwall complex
Authors: Sobik Leszek , Brodny Jarosław , Buyаlich Gennady , Strelnikov Pavel
Published: June 2020

Most of currently exploited hard coal seams has a very high degree of methane saturation. Consequently, the mining process of such deposits generates substantial amounts of methane. This in turn increases the risk of fire and/or explosion of this gas. Methane hazard is currently one of the most dangerous threats occurring in the process of underground mining exploitation. In particular, this applies to longwall excavations where the rock mass mining process generates the highest level of this gas. Commonly used high-performance longwall complexes cause an increase in the amount of coal output, which also causes an increase in the amount of methane released. In order to prevent hazardous concentrations, appropriate ventilation systems and atmosphere monitoring in mining excavations are used. The paper discusses currently used methods designed to limit risks caused by methane such as methane drainage. The paper presents an example of the use of an innovative method of analysing methane risk status and measures aimed at minimizing it. The developed method is based on air parameters in the actual mining area which were then used to create a method of ventilation for such excavations. The method combines advanced model analysis and experience of mine employees and integrates academic and practical knowledge. The main objective of the activities presented in the article was to improve the safety of mining operation
Slope Monitoring Systems Design for Mining Enterprises
Authors: Cheskidov Vasilii , Grobler Hendrik , Kurenkov Dmitrii , Lipina Alexandra
Published: June 2020

The fast development of technologies for the collection, processing and interpretation of information, as well as significant complication of mining natural-technical systems, leads to the emergence of a need to revise the principles of monitoring mining facilities. The operation of modern sloping structures in mining enterprises is associated with high industrial and environmental risks, since the possibility of emergencies remains, and the scope of the accident consequences can be continental. The current conditions of mining require the development of new principles to assess and forecast the status of dumps, open pit slopes, tailings dams, and hydraulic dumps. The developed typification of mining and geological phenomena and factors that affect the stability of sloping structures allows the design of monitoring systems of their state with consideration to each object’s specifics. Besides, this approach is formalized and allows its implementation in conditions of digital technologies progress. The development of detailed models of slope structures, which should become their digital twins, at last, enables to evaluate the current state of the observed object at all stages of its life cycle, based on received surveying, engineering-geological and hydrogeological information, and predict the slope structure behavior in the short term and medium term. The main task to be solved is the creation of principles for the organization of monitoring at mining enterprises that will enhance environmental and industrial safety in conditions of significant complication of mining and geological conditions of operated mineral deposits.
Formation and Evaluation of Costs for Geotechnical Monitoring
Authors: Konoreva Tatiana , Miliushenko Olesia , Kovaleva Oksana
Published: June 2020

In this paper, the features of a set of works on geotechnical monitoring as an object of cost accounting are identified. The factors that determine the specifics of various geotechnical monitoring agreements that affect related costs are studied. The modern practice of the formation and accounting of costs for geotechnical monitoring in the exploring and mining organizations is investigated. The expediency of applying the project method of accounting and cost estimation for a complex of geotechnical monitoring works is substantiated. Using of appropriate documentary forms of accounting and cost estimation for the implementation of geotechnical monitoring in organizations engaged in geotechnical monitoring is recommended.
Computer-aided design of multi-purpose steel headframes for mines with a new technical level
Authors: Kassikhina Elena , Pershin Vladimir , Rusakova Nina
Published: June 2020

The existing structures of the steel sinking headgear and permanent headframe do not meet the requirements of resource saving (metal consumption and manpower input at installation), and the present methods of the headframe designing do not fully reflect recent possibilities of applying of the advanced information technologies. Technical level of the modern software makes it possible for designers to set up multiple numerical experiments to create a computer simulation that allows solving the problem without field and laboratory experiments, and therefore without special costs. In this regard, a mathematical simulation has been developed and based on it, software to select cross-sections of multi- purpose steel headframe elements and to calculate proper weight of its metal structures depending on the characteristics and hoisting equipment. A headframe drawing is displayed, as the results of the software work, including list of elements, obtained optimal hoisting equipment in accordance with the initial data. The software allows speeding up graphic work and reducing manpower input on calculations and paper work. The software allows developing a three-dimensional image of the structure and its functional blocks, based on the obtained initial parameters, as well as developing control software for units with numerical control (NC) in order to manufacture multi-purpose headframes.
Dynamic Construction of Underground Mining Operations with Visualization in Virtual Reality
Authors: Ivina Oksana , Belova Anastasia , Klimchuk Andrey , Akhmetgalym Tlek
Published: June 2020

Mining is one of the fastest growing solid mining industries worldwide. The intensification of production processes and increased economic efficiency by reducing costs and increasing production volumes, enhanced the intensive development in the use of modern, innovative technologies. Mixed reality technologies with the emphasis on creating the most natural interface, which could not be realized for a long time, are successfully being introduced into the production processes of the mining industry.The company SoftCATEN has developed a software package for the dynamic construction of underground mine workings with visualization in virtual reality. The principles of project implementation based on Unreal Engine 4 are developed. The proposed technology for constructing a coal mine model provides the conditions for a high-quality change in approaches to training processes and provides mining enterprises with tools for a full analysis of possible options for the development of mining operations.
Formation of the organizational and legal mechanism for ensuring environmental safety in the Russian Federation: problems and solutions
Authors: Vorontsov Andrey , Vorontsova Elena , Drozdenko Yuriy , Mannanov Ulugbek
Published: June 2020

The article is a study of the process of formation of the organizational and legal mechanism for ensuring environmental safety in the Russian Federation, as well as an analysis of a number of urgent problems arising in the implementation of the state environmental policy by the country. The authors’ study is interdisciplinary in nature and includes not only a legal analysis of regulatory acts adopted by the Russian state in order to ensure environmental safety, but also some assessments of an economic and natural-scientific (environmental) nature related to the functioning of resource-extracting sectors of Russian industry and their impact on state of the environment. Considerable attention is paid to the worldview aspects of the topic under study. The role of the territories of the Russian Federation not disturbed by economic activity in maintaining the sustainability of the global ecosystem is emphasized.
Russian Coal Companies Ecological Responsibility Practices as a Social Development Harmonization Factor in the Globalization Context
Authors: Bobrikov Valeriy , Ravochkin Nikita
Published: June 2020

In recent years globalization has created a new set of challenges and imperatives for industrial business, one of the most significant of which is greening. Indeed widespread environmental pollution increases many social groups interest. In the article the authors analyze Russian coal enterprises corporate management socio-environmental practices as a tool for regional social development harmonizing in a globalizing context. From the position of intellectual dynamics corporate social responsibility phenomenon substantial features are analyzed. Evolution features of Russian entrepreneurs socially responsible management practices reception are shown. Ecological aspect of management and environmental protection significance and vitality are justified in a view of the increased man-caused damage caused by coal industry enterprises. Environmental practices implemented features characteristic by the coal business in the openness and transparency world context are clarified. The list of advantages obtained by coal enterprises in the case of target groups environmental interests and needs satisfying is determined. It`s proved that greening becomes a modernization driver of coal business, as a result of which it is integrated into all business processes of enterprises. In conclusion, study main results are summarized.
Latvian Peat Industry – to Be or Not to Be?
Authors: Lukjanova Jelena , Odinokova Tatyana , Zahars Vitolds
Published: June 2020

This article is devoted problems sector which traditional Latvia face – peat extraction and processing industry. Potential industry, dynamic of development, and contribution to country’s economy has been provided as well. Specifics use of peat extracted in Latvia, namely, use in horticulture, is determined. Unresolved industry problems were identified, threat to industry related to implementation of European Green Investment Plan was also indicated.
Prophylactic Approach to Industrial Electro-Traumatism Taking into Account Individual Psycho-Physical Peculiarities of Worker Taking into Account Network Digitalization
Authors: Kuvshinov Dmitriy , Zakharenko Sergey , Zakharov Sergey , Yakunina Yana , Voronin Vyacheslav
Published: June 2020

The article assesses electrical safety in electrical installations, considers the risks and factors affecting a working person. Electrical injury, compared with other types of industrial injuries, is a relatively small percentage, however, the number of injuries with severe and fatal outcomes occupies a leading place. That is why electrical safety issues need to be given the closest attention. To ensure safe working conditions during the operation of electrical installations, it is necessary to know how electric current acts on the human body, conditions of exposure to hazardous voltage, protection measures against electric shock. The topic of the article is of great practical importance both for those interested in electrical safety issues and for employees and enterprises of the energy industry.
Economic Transformation Impact on the Modernization of a Mineral Resource Industry Cluster
Authors: Zhernov Evgeny , Nekhoda Evgenia , Petrova Mariana
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the study is to show the economic transformation impact on solving the problems of modernization of the socio-economic sphere of the mineral resource industry cluster operating in the mining region. The object of the research is the mineral resource industry cluster as a center of interaction between state, science, education and business for the implementation of innovative scientific, technical and socio-economic projects. The subject of the article is socio-economic relations concerning nature, focused in the mineral resource industry cluster of the mining region. The problems of sustainable development and modernization of the mineral resource industry cluster of the mining region are considered in terms of the socio-ecological-economic approach methodology, taking into account the economic transformation in the cluster, which ensures the scientific novelty of the study. The scientific merit of the study is the determination of the impact of the change in the types of economy on solving the problems of modernization of the socio- economic sphere of the cluster, based on the parity of nature and the economy in the mining region. It has been shown that clustering involving the potential of a world-class regional scientific and educational center is an effective mechanism for such modernization. The practical relevance of the study lies in the fact that its results can be used to clarify, taking into account the proposed approach, the state strategy of support and development of clusters, as well as regional cluster policy.
Factors of Investment Attractiveness of Mining Industries: Methodology Identification and Assessment
Authors: Alexandrov Gennady , Iablonev Aleksandr
Published: June 2020

In this study, we consider the highly relevant and, to a large extent, the debatable problem of the investment attractiveness of the subsoil use sphere and, above all, the investment attractiveness of mining enterprises. At the same time, attention is drawn to the fact that the development of mineral resources, unlike any other type of production activity, has its own specifics. It consists primarily in the fact that, along with such factors of production as capital and labor, which constitute the material basis of all production, the most important factor of production inherent in subsoil use is the subsoil itself. And it is their qualitative condition that determines to a large extent the results of the economic activity of mining enterprises. It is clear that without a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the role of the natural factor in the production process, as well as other objective and subjective factors, it is practically impossible to create a reliable theoretical basis for the development of practical measures, the implementation of which could significantly improve the investment attractiveness of extractive activities. Particular attention is paid to the methodology and methods for identifying and differentiating by specific signs specific barrier and restrictive factors that are considered in the investment process in the form of an unsystematic component of investment risk. It is shown that the results of a study of the nature of the influence of industry-specific factors on investment attractiveness are the basis for the development of specific measures to eliminate or minimize barriers to investment.
Trends and Potential of the Reindustrialization of the Mining Region
Authors: Kusurgasheva Ludmila , Muromtseva Alina , Prokopenko Evgeniya , Yakunina Yuliya
Published: June 2020

The aim of this work is to develop theoretical foundations for the reindustrialization of the mining region in the context of trends in the spatial development of the Russian economy. The urgency of the problem is caused by the deepening of regional development unevenness, differentiation of regions by structural, resource and institutional parametric characteristics. As a result, the imperative of spatial development of the Russian economy is a consistent modernization of the regional organization of the economy on the basis of the reindustrialization policy. In the macroeconomic context, globalization is associated with overcoming stagnation consequences and entering the trajectory of sustainable innovative growth, stagnation and development mainly in the scenario; in the mesoeconomic context it is associated with accelerated capitalization of the competitive advantages of each region. The exhaustion of the predominantly export-raw material model of economic growth has put Kuzbass – the mining region of Western Siberia, which is heavily dependent on the state of the world market of fuel and energy resources in the most difficult situation. The task of the accelerated transition to the innovative-resource type of development through structural and technological transformation in the context of the General course of neoindustrialization for the region is actualized. This article presents a theoretical justification of the necessity, possibility and feasibility of neoindustrialization of the mining region in the context of globalization.
Factors and Objectives of Sustainable Development at the Implementation of Digital Technologies and Automated Systems in the Mining Industry
Authors: Myaskov Alexander , Temkin Igor , Deryabin Sergey , Marinova Dora
Published: June 2020

Mining inevitably violates the natural environment. The consequences of its functioning for the environment are diverse at different stages of the life of the enterprise. During mineral exploration, environmental damage is generally negligible, localized, and can be relatively easily repaired. Subsequent initial work, both with open pit and underground mining methods, has a more significant impact on the environment, but still less significant than with the development itself. During extraction and enrichment, the main production process, the most noticeable consequences are violation of land resources, pollution by wastewater, changes in hydraulic regime and composition of atmospheric air. The key factor, of course, is not how much land is used for any particular activity, but whether this use can be compatible with maintaining environmental integrity.
Innovation in Teaching Multicultural Future Specialists in Kuzbass Coal Mining Region: a Flipped Classroom Approach
Authors: Kolomiets Svetlana , Medvedeva Elena , Perevalova Alena
Published: June 2020

In the era of globalization export of education has greatly increased all over the world and the Russian Federation is not an exception. Multicultural classes filled with students of different nationalities, cultural backgrounds and languages put a new challenge before the educators. One of the possible solutions to create an equally successful learning environment for all students is applying flipped classroom approach which is connected with the reasonable use of ICT. The article discusses the principles of organization of the flipped class as well as its main characteristics. The authors study the effectiveness of flipped classroom in language learning and describe mobile applications, Internet resources and online services that possess high didactic potential for blended learning. The paper gives the analysis of flipped classroom approach advantages and disadvantages on the results of survey carried out while teaching future specialists in Kuzbass. The outcomes of the study revealed that the main benefit of the flipped classroom approach in ESL teaching is the improvement of students` achievements and therefore their motivation and satisfaction. Among the significant drawbacks of the approach the dependence on technologies and students` reluctance to learn new material autonomously via online resources are mentioned.
Kuzbass Development Strategy: Past Lessons and Future Wrongs
Authors: Fridman Yuri , Rechko Galina , Loginova Ekaterina
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the place and role of strategic planning in ensuring that Kemerovo Oblast – Kuzbass develops comprehensively. For over thirty years, we have been studying the region with one of the leading national territorial-production centers established in the 20th century, how it emerged and functioned. Studies suggest that without regard to the economies of Russia as a whole and Kuzbass’s neighboring regions in particular, its issues cannot be satisfactorily resolved. At large, when strategic planning followed this assumption, it contributed to how fast and holistically the territory developed. Considering that, in the 21st century, strategy makers diverged from this concept and started to search for new approaches, the region’s economy has slowed down and its living standards have declined sharply. The momentum can be reversed with an active state socio-economic policy. Its previous forms, however, when the state gave preferences to private companies and did not require corresponding growth in standards of living in return, became unacceptable. It is necessary to work out a system of effective solutions and measures with mechanisms for reconciling the interests of the government, business and society within approaches that are adequate to the political and economic reality of today’s world.
Structural Inertia as a Constraint for Sustainable Development and Interregional Differences in Quality of Life Reducing
Authors: Dotsenko Elena , Galoyan Diana , Burdenko Elena , Mudrova Svetlana
Published: June 2020

Inertia is an attribute of various systems, including sustainable development. The study of the inertia of sustainable development as a complex industrial-ecological and socio-economic supersystems is necessary to give due depth to theoretical explanations of the processes implemented in the practice of regulating industrial production, economic relations that determine the environmental load, the level of consumption of natural resources, to identify qualitative and quantitative relationships between factors of changes in structural proportions in production and consumption, their sources and relocation productive forces. The result if the study of inertia as a quality of macroeconomic structural changes, immanent to sustainable development, should be a knowledge of the forms of the transition of economic achievements of society into environmental ones. The study of sustainable development inertia is intended to improve the forecasting of various processes of interaction between man and the environment through the use of productive forces. The content of structural inertia of sustainable development can be revealed through the dynamic and actively transforming properties of structural shifts no less than through the conservatism of the structure of the economy, therefore, the creation of conditions for the regulated implementation of structural inertia, its transition into its opposite – acceleration of positive structural transformations – is associated with the regulation of economic relations in the system of environment management, production and consumption of natural resources, dynamization of changes in structural proportions between raw materials production and its processing, to overcome delaying the formation of new structural elements.
Kinematic versus mechanical alignment for primary total knee arthroplasty with minimum 2 years follow-up: a systematic review
Authors: Sappey-Marinier Elliot , Pauvert Adrien , Batailler Cécile , Swan John , Cheze Laurence , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sébastien
Published: June 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature to determine whether there are any clinical or radiological differences in mechanically aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) compared with kinematically aligned TKA.Methods: This study included retrospective cohort studies, prospective randomized controlled trials (PRCTs) and prospective cohort studies comparing clinical and radiological outcomes, and complications in TKA with kinematic alignment (KA) and mechanical alignment (MA). All studies had a minimum follow-up of 2 years.Results: Five PRCTs published between 2014 and 2020 were included. These studies showed a low risk of bias and were of very high quality. We did not find a superiority of KA compared to MA technique for clinical and radiological outcomes, except in one study which showed a significant difference favoring KA between the two groups for all clinical scores.Conclusion: We found that KA in TKA achieved clinical and radiological results similar to those of MA. The complication rate was not increased for KA TKAs. Studies with longer follow-up and larger cohorts are required to prove any benefit of KA technique over MA technique.
Rehabilitation bei dermato-onkologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Veltmaat K. , Tsianakas A.
Published: June 2020

Durch die in den letzten Jahren zunehmende Professionalisierung auf dem Gebiet der Dermato-Onkologie im Rahmen der Zertifizierung der Hauttumorzenten ist auch das Thema der Rehabilitation zunehmend in den Vordergrund gerückt. Im folgenden Artikel lernt der Leser, wie ein Rehabilitationsantrag zu stellen ist und was die Patienten während eines Rehabilitationsaufenthalts erwartet. Die Inhalte einer spezifisch dermato-onkologischen Rehabilitation reichen von einem breiten physiotherapeutischen Angebot mit Einzel- und Gruppensitzungen über die Lymphdrainage bis zu Entspannungsübungen und Massage. Dazu kommen wichtige Aspekte wie die Ernährungsberatung, aber auch die sozialmedizinische Beratung mit den Themen Wiedereinstieg ins Berufsleben oder auch die Beantragung eines Schwerbehindertenausweises. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit erfährt auch die psycho-onkologische Betreuung mit Einzel- und Gruppensitzungen. Hinzu kommen Patientenschulungsprogramme, in denen die Patienten Hintergründe zu ihrer onkologischen Erkrankung wie Genese, Risikofaktoren und Therapiemöglichkeiten in Patienten-gerechter Sprache erlernen. Zusammenfassend versucht eine spezifisch dermato-onkologische Rehabilitation, den betroffenen Patienten sowohl psychisch als auch physisch bestmöglich zu stärken und ihm dadurch beim Wiedereinstieg ins berufliche und soziale Leben zu helfen.
Die Blasenhernie: eine Fallserie und Review der Literatur
Authors: Trenti Emanuela , Palermo Salvatore , Huqi Dorjan , Ladurner Christian , Krause Philipp , Pycha Armin , Comploj Evi
Published: June 2020

Inguinale Blasenhernien machen unter allen Leistenhernien nur 1 – 4 % aus. Die Diagnosestellung kann aufgrund der atypischen Symptome erschwert sein und wird oft erst intraoperativ diagnostiziert. Umso wichtiger ist, es die Diagnose präoperativ zu stellen, um evtl. iatrogene Komplikationen zu vermeiden.

Wir berichten über eine Fallserie von 5 Patienten in den letzten 20 Jahren, welche mit der seltenen Pathologie einer Blasenhernie in unserer Abteilung therapiert wurden.
Abstract to Publication in Microsurgery: What Are the Discrepancies?
Authors: Maisner Rose S. , Ayyala Haripriya S. , Agag Richard L.
Published: June 2020

Background The American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery (ASRM) annual meeting is a forum to present new research abstracts prior to peer-reviewed publication. The aim of this study is to determine the conversion rate, discrepancies, and time between presentation and publication.

Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted cross-referencing ASRM abstracts presented between 2014 and 2018 with peer-reviewed manuscripts. The title and authors of the abstract and manuscript, the journal of manuscript publication, and time in months between presentation and publication were recorded. The conversion rate was calculated as the proportion of publications to abstracts. Major discrepancies were defined as changes in the purpose, study design, methods, sample size, statistical analysis, results, or conclusions. Minor discrepancies were defined as changes in the title or authorship.

Results Out of 667 oral abstract presentations, 361 (54%) resulted in publication. Of these abstracts, 53 were presented after their corresponding manuscripts were published. The mean conversion rate was 55.52 ± 10.17%. The mean time from presentation to publication was 13.83 months. Minor discrepancies were more frequent than major discrepancies (91 vs. 76%). The most common major and minor discrepancies involved changes in the results (63%) and authorship (79%), respectively. There was a significant association between the year of abstract presentation and whether the conclusion was changed (p = 0.001), but interyear relationships with all other discrepancies failed to reach statistical significance.

Conclusion Only around half of abstracts presented at the annual ASRM conference have reached full publication in peer-reviewed journals, and most are undergoing significant changes between presentation and publication. This may be due to panel discussions at meetings suggesting study modifications, as well as revisions after careful peer review. Altering surgical practices may not be recommended based on abstracts' content.
Central Apnea of Prematurity: Does Sex Matter?
Authors: Nagraj V. Peter , Lake Douglas E. , Kuhn Louise , Moorman J. Randall , Fairchild Karen D.
Published: June 2020

Objective Apnea is common among infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Our group previously developed an automated algorithm to quantitate central apneas with associated bradycardia and desaturation (ABDs). Sex differences in lung disease are well described in preterm infants, but the influence of sex on apnea has not been established.

Study Design This study includes infants < 34 weeks' gestation admitted to the University of Virginia NICU from 2009 to 2014 with at least 1 day of bedside monitor data available when not on mechanical ventilation. Waveform and vital sign data were analyzed using a validated algorithm to detect ABD events of low variance in chest impedance signal lasting at least 10 seconds with associated drop in heart rate to < 100 beats/minute and drop in oxygen saturation to < 80%. Male and female infants were compared for prevalence of at least one ABD event during the NICU stay, treatment with caffeine, occurrence of ABDs at each week of postmenstrual age, and number of events per day.

Results Of 926 infants studied (median gestational age 30 weeks, 53% male), median days of data analyzed were 19 and 22 for males and females, respectively. There was no sex difference in prevalence of at least one ABD event during the NICU stay (males 62%, females 64%, p = 0.47) or in the percentage of infants treated with caffeine (males 64%, females 67%, p = 0.40). Cumulative prevalence of ABDs from postmenstrual ages 24 to 36 weeks was comparable between sexes. Males had 18% more ABDs per day of data, but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.16).

Conclusion In this large cohort of infants < 34 weeks' gestation, we did not detect a sex difference in prevalence of central ABD events. There was a nonsignificant trend toward a greater number of ABDs per day in male infants.

Key Points
Experimental characterization of a section of a spherically imploding plasma liner formed by merging hypersonic plasma jets
Authors: Yates K. C. , Langendorf S. J. , Hsu S. C. , Dunn J. P. , Brockington S. , Case A. , Cruz E. , Witherspoon F. D. , Thio Y. C. F. , Cassibry J. T. , Schillo K. , Gilmore M.
Published: June 2020

We report experimental results on merging of hypersonic plasma jets, which is the fundamental building block for forming spherically imploding plasma liners as a potential standoff compression driver for magneto-inertial fusion. Jets are formed and launched by contoured-gap coaxial plasma guns mounted at the six vertices and the center of a hexagon covering approximately one-tenth of the surface area of a 9-ft-diameter spherical chamber. First, from experiments with two and three merging jets of four different species (N, Ar, Kr, and Xe), we show that (1) density spatial non-uniformities can be large (with electron-density jumps ranging from 2.9 for N to 6.6 for Xe) when shocks form upon jet merging, but smaller (density jumps <2) when shocks do not form; (2) jet impurities (20% Ti in these experiments) can increase the level of density spatial non-uniformity by increasing the collisionality of jet merging, leading to shock formation rather than potentially more desirable shockless jet merging; and (3) the liner Mach number can remain high (≳10), as required for plasma liners to be an effective compression driver. Second, from experiments with six and seven merging jets using Ar, we present results with improved jet-to-jet mass balance of <2% across jets, including (1) evidence of substantially increased balance in the jet merging and symmetry of the liner structure and (2) potentially favorable changes in the jet-merging morphology with the addition of the seventh jet. For both experiments, we present comparisons between experimental and synthetic data from three-dimensional hydrodynamic codes.
On the dynamics of Richtmyer–Meshkov bubbles in unstable three-dimensional interfacial coherent structures with time-dependent acceleration
Authors: Hill D. L. , Abarzhi S. I.
Published: June 2020

Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) plays an important role in many areas of science and engineering, from supernovae and fusion to scramjets and nano-fabrication. Classical RMI is induced by a steady shock and impulsive acceleration, whereas in realistic environments, the acceleration is usually variable. We focus on RMI induced by acceleration with power-law time-dependence and apply group theory to study the dynamics of regular bubbles. For early time linear dynamics, we find the dependence of the growth rate on the initial conditions and show that it is independent of the acceleration parameters. For late-time nonlinear dynamics, we consider regular asymptotic solutions, find a continuous family of such solutions, including their curvature, velocity, Fourier amplitudes, and interfacial shear, and study their stability. For each solution, the interface dynamics is directly linked to the interfacial shear. The non-equilibrium velocity field has intense fluid motion near the interface and effectively no motion in the bulk. The quasi-invariance of the fastest stable solution suggests that the dynamics of nonlinear RM bubbles is characterized by two macroscopic length scales: the wavelength and the amplitude, in agreement with observations. The properties of a number of special solutions are outlined. These are the flat Atwood bubble, the curved Taylor bubble, the minimum shear bubble, the convergence limit bubble, and the critical bubble. We elaborate new theory benchmarks for future experiments and simulations.
First-principles calculation of lattice thermal conductivity and thermoelectric figure of merit in ferromagnetic half-Heusler alloy CoMnSb
Authors: Hori Akihiro , Minami Susumu , Saito Mineo , Ishii Fumiyuki
Published: June 2020

Half-Heusler (HH) alloys are an important and well-studied class of thermoelectric, magnetic, and spintronic materials. However, few studies have reported on thermal conductivity of magnetic HH alloys. In this study, we have performed first-principles calculation of the thermoelectric properties of a magnetic HH alloy CoMnSb. The lattice thermal conductivity of CoMnSb was found to be smaller than typical nonmagnetic HH alloys (CoTiSb, CoZrSb). The reason for this was found to be the small group velocity and relaxation time of acoustic phonons. Moreover, we estimated the electronic thermal conductivity and power factor, and finally, we evaluated the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of CoMnSb.
Imaging plasma formation in isolated nanoparticles with ultrafast resonant scattering
Authors: Rupp Daniela , Flückiger Leonie , Adolph Marcus , Colombo Alessandro , Gorkhover Tais , Harmand Marion , Krikunova Maria , Müller Jan Philippe , Oelze Tim , Ovcharenko Yevheniy , Richter Maria , Sauppe Mario , Schorb Sebastian , Treusch Rolf , Wolter David , Bostedt Christoph , Möller Thomas
Published: June 2020

We have recorded the diffraction patterns from individual xenon clusters irradiated with intense extreme ultraviolet pulses to investigate the influence of light-induced electronic changes on the scattering response. The clusters were irradiated with short wavelength pulses in the wavelength regime of different 4d inner-shell resonances of neutral and ionic xenon, resulting in distinctly different optical properties from areas in the clusters with lower or higher charge states. The data show the emergence of a transient structure with a spatial extension of tens of nanometers within the otherwise homogeneous sample. Simulations indicate that ionization and nanoplasma formation result in a light-induced outer shell in the cluster with a strongly altered refractive index. The presented resonant scattering approach enables imaging of ultrafast electron dynamics on their natural timescale.
Electrostatic flat-top solitons near double layers and triple root structures in multispecies plasmas: How realistic are they?
Authors: Verheest Frank , Hellberg Manfred A. , Olivier Carel P.
Published: June 2020

Electrostatic flat-top solitons are a new acoustic-type nonlinear mode and found to be a generic feature accompanying the occurrence of double layers and/or triple root structures, in multispecies plasmas admitting the latter. Their existence domains can be parameterized by the difference between their velocities and the double layer or triple root velocities, but these velocity differences turn out to be extremely small, of the order 10−5 or less. The onset of their flat top character in the electrostatic potential is clearly seen in the corresponding electric field or charge density profiles. However, even at the limit of the numerical accuracy for vanishing velocity differences, their profiles are still soliton-like, very unlike those of double layers or triple root structures. So although the Sagdeev potential varies continuously as the structure velocity approaches that of the double layer or triple root structure, the character of the nonlinear modes changes in a discontinuous manner. For sufficiently wide flat-top solitons, the electric field signature looks very much like two unipolar signals with opposite polarities, where unipolar electric fields typically characterize double layers or triple root structures. We are not aware of flat-top solitons having been reported to date, and their extremely limited existence range raises the question of whether they may be observable at all, unless helped by a fortunate stroke of serendipity. This topic requires suitable numerical simulations to ascertain their stability and interaction properties.
On the extension of positive definite kernels to topological algebras
Authors: Alpay Daniel , Paiva Ismael L.
Published: June 2020

We define an extension of operator-valued positive definite functions from the real or complex setting to topological algebras and describe their associated reproducing kernel spaces. The case of entire functions is of special interest, and we give a precise meaning to some power series expansions of analytic functions that appears in many algebras.
Effect of surfactant and evaporation on the thin liquid film spreading in the presence of surface acoustic waves
Authors: Li Chunxi , Shi Zhixian , Xiao Han , Ye Xuemin
Published: June 2020

A theoretical model of a liquid film flow in the presence of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) is established by involving the effects of an insoluble surfactant and evaporation on the spreading process of the partially wetting thin liquid film. A numerical simulation is performed to investigate the liquid film spreading dominated by the SAWs-induced drift of mass and the capillary stress. The simulated results show that SAWs drive liquid films to spread and move, and surfactants promote the further spreading and movement of liquid films, while liquid evaporation suppresses the spreading and movement. The inhibiting contribution of liquid evaporation to the liquid film dynamics is greater than the promoting contribution of the surfactant in this simulation. The mass loss of the liquid film caused by evaporation leads the spreading range to gradually retract. In addition, the spreading range has a positive correlation with the coefficient between the disjoining pressure and surfactant concentration and has a negative correlation with the Marangoni number. The spreading stability of liquid films is strengthened by the surfactant effect, while it is weakened by the evaporation effect.
Connected three-body terms in single-reference unitary many-body theories: Iterative and perturbative approximations
Authors: Li Chenyang , Evangelista Francesco A.
Published: June 2020

This work introduces various approaches to include connected three-body terms in unitary many-body theories, focusing on the driven similarity renormalization group (DSRG). Starting from the least approximate method—the linearized DSRG truncated to one-, two-, and three-body operators [LDSRG(3)]—we develop several approximate LDSRG(3) models with reduced computational cost. Through a perturbative analysis, we motivate a family of iterative LDSRG(3)-n and -n′ (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) methods that contain a subset of the LDSRG(3) diagrams. Among these variants, the LDSRG(3)-2 scheme has the same computational complexity of coupled cluster theory with singles, doubles, and triples (CCSDT), but it outperforms CCSDT in the accuracy of the predicted correlation energies. We also propose and implement two perturbative triples corrections based on the linearized DSRG truncated to one- and two-body operators augmented with recursive semi-quadratic commutators [qDSRG(2)]. The resulting qDSRG(2)+(T) approach matches the accuracy of the “gold-standard” coupled cluster theory with singles, doubles, and perturbative triples model on the energetics of twenty-eight closed-shell atoms and small molecules.
Discovery of widely available abyssal rock patches reveals overlooked habitat type and prompts rethinking deep-sea biodiversity
Authors: Riehl Torben , Wölfl Anne-Cathrin , Augustin Nico , Devey Colin W. , Brandt Angelika
Published: June 2020

Significance

Ground-truthed analyses of multibeam sonar data along a fracture zone of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge reveal an abyssal seafloor much rockier than previously assumed. Our data show rock exposures occurring at all crustal ages from 0–100 Ma along the Vema Fracture Zone and that approximately 260,000 km
2
of rock habitats can be expected to occur along Atlantic fracture zones alone. This higher than expected geodiversity implies that future sampling campaigns should be considerably more sophisticated than at present to capture the full deep-sea habitat heterogeneity. We provide a baseline to unravel the processes responsible for the evolution and persistence of biodiversity on the deep seafloor as well as to determine the significant scales of these processes in the benthoscape.
Magnetic fluctuations and the spin–orbit interaction in Mott insulating CoO
Authors: Sarte P M , Wilson S D , Attfield J P , Stock C
Published: June 2020

Motivated by the presence of an unquenched orbital angular momentum in CoO, a team at Chalk River, including a recently hired research officer Roger Cowley, performed the first inelastic neutron scattering experiments on the classic Mott insulator [Sakurai et al 1968 Phys. Rev.
167 510]. Despite identifying two magnon modes at the zone boundary, the team was unable to parameterise the low energy magnetic excitation spectrum below T

N
using conventional pseudo-bosonic approaches, instead achieving only qualitative agreement. It would not be for another 40 years that Roger, now at Oxford and motivated by the discovery of the high-T
c cuprate superconductors [Bednorz and Muller 1986 Z. Phys. B
64 189], would make another attempt at the parameterisation of the magnetic excitation spectrum that had previously alluded him at the start of his career. Upon his return to CoO, Roger found a system embroiled in controversy, with some of its most fundamental parameters still remaining undetermined. Faced with such a formidable task, Roger performed a series of inelastic neutron scattering experiments in the early 2010s on both CoO and a magnetically dilute structural analogue Mg0.97Co0.03O. These experiments would prove instrumental in the determination of both single-ion [Cowley et al 2013 Phys. Rev. B
88 205117] and cooperative magnetic parameters [Sarte et al 2018 Phys. Rev. B
98 024415] for CoO. Both these sets of parameters would eventually be used in a spin–orbit exciton model [Sarte et al 2019 Phys. Rev. B
100 075143], developed by his longtime friend and collaborator Bill Buyers, to successfully parameterise the complex spectrum that both measured at Chalk River almost 50 years prior. The story of CoO is of one that has come full circle, one filled with both spectacular failures and intermittent, yet profound, little victories.