bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Irritable bowel syndrome – a literature review
Authors: Cuber Iwona , Aghadi Artur , Białowąs Edyta , Dybała Ewelina , Mazurek Magdalena
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common diseases affecting people around the world. It is characterized by irregular bowel movements and abdominal pain. IBS significantly reduces the quality of life of patients. Despite such a frequent occurrence of this disease, its correct diagnosis and treatment still causes many problems for primary care physicians. Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge on the pathophysiology, diagnostics and drugs used in irritable bowel syndrome. Description of the state of knowledge: Many factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of IBS. The most common are: genetic factors, intestinal motility disorders, visceral hypersensitivity, mental disorders, especially disorders of the brain-gut axis regulation, past intestinal infections, intestinal microbiota disorders and food intolerances. The Rome IV criteria are currently used in the diagnosis of IBS. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome includes lifestyle modification and dietary management, pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.
Summary: Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic disease, symptoms often recur and complete recovery is not possible.
Pain therapy in the pediatric population
Authors: Białowąs Edyta , Mazurek Magdalena , Aghadi Artur , Cuber Iwona , Dybała Ewelina
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The assessment and treatment of pain in the pediatric population is a huge challenge for doctors and medical staff dealing with this group of patients. It is also one of the most important elements of pediatric care practice. There are many factors that contribute to the difficulty of assessing and managing pain in children, but the most important seems to be the lack of unified standards of care. In pain therapy, both pharmacotherapy and behavioral methods and psychological care are used.

Purpose of the work: The aim of this work is to systematize the current state of knowledge in the field of pain therapy in the pediatric population, focusing particular attention on pharmacotherapy

Materials and Evidence: We reviewed the literature available in the PubMed database using the following keywords: pediatric; pain therapy; analgesia

Summary: Pain therapy in the pediatric population, despite the fact that it is often underestimated and insufficiently managed, is crucial both in terms of avoiding health complications and in the overall therapeutic process. Despite the presence of many drugs for pain therapy on the market, many of them are not approved for use in this group of patients. Knowledge of their mechanisms of action and predicting the impact on metabolism in a pediatric patient compared to an adult is crucial for the management of both acute and chronic pain syndromes. Despite the current knowledge, there is still a need for broader research on the possibility of the drugs used, their impact on the therapy process and side effects in the youngest patients.
The Endometriosis - treatment and new methods
Authors: Chrzanowski Jakub , Ostaszewska Sandra , Augustynowicz Kinga , Szymańska Ewa , Świąder Kinga
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Endometriosis is a common disease, especially in young women. Inthis article, we reviewed the epidemiology, symptoms, and various options for thetreatment of endometriosis.Material and methods: The work was based on medical articles collected inPubMed, websites and medical books. The research was conducted by looking atkeywords such as: "endometriosis", „endometriosis treatment”, „endometriosis andnew methods"Results: There are many methods of treating endometriosis, ranging fromhormonal therapy to surgical treatment.Conclusions: Endometriosis is difficult disease to treat. We need more researchesand experience to find the perfect way treatment without side effects.
Immunity system dysfunction caused by insomnia and methods of treatment
Authors: Augustynowicz Kinga , Szymańska Ewa , Ostaszewska Sandra , Świąder Kinga , Chrzanowski Jakub , Morawski Przemysław , Pactwa Filip , Popińska Zuzanna , Łoginoff Jan
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Sleep is a very important part of human health. Research over the past several years has shown that sleep disorders such as insomnia can affect the risk of infectious diseases. This review describes the immunocompromising mechanisms of insomnia and the consequences associated with this disorder. This review also includes treatment methods.
Material and methods: The work was based on the articles published in PubMed, medical books and websites. 
Results: Insomnia has an influence in the markers of inflammation and there are few methods of treating insomnia.
Conclusions: Sleep influences the two primary effector systems which in turn regulate immune responses. Sleep disturbance like insomnia increases the risk of infectious diseases. Treatment can lower the markers of inflammation and helps relieve the symptoms of insomnia.
Socio-environmental displacement associated with climate change: an emergency of the risk society in the central coffee-growing region of Colombia.
Authors: Muñoz Villareal Erika Milena , Valencia Hernández Javier Gonzaga
Published: February 2023

In the Eje Cafetero (central coffee belt) of Colombia, climate risk situations have caused the involuntary displacement of human populations. Based on a documentary analysis, this qualitative research describes how the relationship of environmental displacement is expressed as a result of different climate change factors, taking as empirical reference some climatic risks presented in this region of Colombia during the 2010-2011 rainy season. A cycle of analysis was designed according to the case study approach. It describes 15 cases of environmental displacement associated with climate change scenarios, such as climate variability, environmental degradation, socio-environmental conflicts, and megaprojects. In an era of climate change, the risk society undermines the permanence of human populations in their territories.
Las protestas son el temor a los gobiernos colombiano y chileno en los años 2020 a 2021
Authors: Pineda Castro Laurent Lizeth
Published: February 2023

Colombia y Chile han sido países que siempre se han encontrado inmersos en la violencia, en gobiernos corruptos y en las muertes de personas inocentes que se manifiestan con la esperanza de que el Estado las escuche y garantice sus derechos equitativamente. Teniendo en cuenta ello, se decidió realizar este artículo de investigación de carácter científico y tecnológico sobre el derecho a la protesta en los gobiernos en mención, con el propósito de exponer las causas, circunstancias y efectos sociopolíticos que sufren dichos países, considerando los motivos de las protestas que tuvieron lugar durante el período de los años 2020-2021, y se llevó a cabo una comparación con el objeto de identificar las similitudes y diferencias en los contextos de estos gobiernos; así mismo, se determinaron los derechos fundamentales y humanos que fueron vulnerados a la población y a los individuos pertenecientes a la fuerza pública en el lapso de las protestas. Por último, se hizo un análisis desde la perspectiva maquiavélica, misma que ha sido aplicada por los Estados anteriormente indicados con respecto a los mecanismos implementados como respuesta a las manifestaciones, tal como el uso gradual de la fuerza. Ahora bien, se recibió una respuesta violenta y quebrantadora por parte de los gobiernos objeto de estudio, la cual afecta directamente los derechos fundamentales, evidenciándose cierta incongruencia con lo propuesto por el autor Maquiavelo en cuanto a contemplar las protestas como medios idóneos para poder conocer las inconformidades que presenta el pueblo, a fin de poder fortalecer el gobierno.
Social Reference Points and Risk Taking
Authors: Schwerter Frederik
Published: February 2023

Social reference points have been identified to be important determinants of individuals’ welfare. We investigate the consequences of social reference points for risk taking in a laboratory experiment. In the main treatments, risk-taking subjects observe the predetermined earnings of peer subjects when making a risky choice. We exogenously manipulate peers’ earnings and find a significant treatment effect: decision makers make less risk-averse choices in the case of larger peers’ earnings. The treatment effect is consistent with an application of prospect theory to social reference points and cannot be explained by reference points based on counterfactual information, anchoring, and experimenter demand effects. In additional analyses, we show that diminishing sensitivity seems to play an important role in subjects’ risky choices. We explore also whether inequity aversion and expectations-based reference points can account for our findings and conclude that they do not provide plausible alternative explanations for them.

This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: This research was financially supported by the Bonn Graduate School of Economics and the Center for Economics and Neuroscience in Bonn.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4698 .
Ischaemic stroke, preventable with tissue adhesive
Authors: Bothma Pieter , Campos Goncalo , Shakya Ananda
Published: February 2023

LETTER TO THE EDITOR This Letter comments on the following case report: Abu-Abaa M, Dawood G, Arshad H, Mousa A, Jumaah O. Acute ischaemic stroke by a different mechanism. EJCRIM 2022;9:doi:10.12890/2022_003618.
Research roundup: February 2023
Authors: Mendes Aysha
Published: February 2023

In this section, a range of brief synopses of recently published articles that may be of interest to health visitors is presented. The aim of this roundup is to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary, of the research papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Automation Key to Hardware Security
Authors: Edwards Chris
Published: February 2023

Why automation is the key for design teams looking to deliver more secure systems.
Making AI Explainable
Authors: Pingel Johanna
Published: February 2023

How explainable AI helps engineers to overcome complexity.
Sometimes it’s All in the Timing Reliability?
Authors: Castaneda Marlyn Rosales , Castaneda Marlyn Rosales
Published: February 2023

Marlyn Rosales Castaneda and Matthias Thomas discuss “real-time control” and explain why it can play an important part in systems design
Scientific Machine Learning
Authors: Willcox Karen
Published: February 2023

Karen Willcox, director of the Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, discusses how an emerging field of computing could revolutionize how aircraft are designed
Flight Test Innovation
Authors: Sampson Ben
Published: February 2023

The demands of flight testing and commercial pressure are driving innovation in areas such as wireless networks
Best of Boeing
Authors: Sampson Ben
Published: February 2023

Boeing's chief test pilot in the UK, Rich Pillans, talks about running the company's first test and evaluation center outside of the USA and why it pays to keep a clear head during flight tests
Old Before Their Time
Authors: Willis Paul
Published: February 2023

The recent engine explosion on a Southwest Airlines Boeing 737 calls into question the tools and techniques being used to test aircraft for fatigue
Icing in the Electric Age
Authors: Coppinger Rob
Published: February 2023

Despite the arrival of new types of aircraft, icing remains a fundamental challenge for aviation that only more testing can solve
The End Of A Dream
Authors: Sampson Ben
Published: February 2023

The untimely end of the world's largest cargo plane provides an opportunity to reflect on its storied history
Community Service
Authors: Beck Chris
Published: February 2023

One Derbyshire manufacturer has taken an innovative approach to securing its future in the heart of the community
Meeting the Crisis
Authors: Legrenzi Fabrizio
Published: February 2023

Manufacturers are reinventing their supply chains by harnessing Additive Manufacturing
Harmonic Analysis of Electric Transmission System of New Energy Vehicle
Authors: Xie Xiaomin , Dou Renwei , Yang Yinping , Xie Jun , Du Xuanfu
Published: February 2023

In order to improve the cruising range of new energy electric vehicles and solve the low efficiency of electric transmission system in low-speed driving stage, a space vector pulse width modulation algorithm is proposed. The simulation model is established by Matlab/Simulink software, and the test parameters of electric transmission system in the actual driving process of new energy electric vehicle are analyzed, and the harmonic distribution of line voltage of electric transmission system and the influence of battery bus voltage on harmonic content are explored. The actual test results show that reducing the difference between the bus voltage and the fundamental line voltage under actual electric transmission can reduce the harmonic content and improve the system efficiency. According to the characteristics of power generation system, a reliable motor optimization scheme is proposed to reduce harmonic content to improve the efficiency of electric transmission system of new energy vehicles.
Development and Application of Rural Tourism Information Service System Based on SOA Technology Framework
Authors: Ma Yan , Du Jiang
Published: February 2023

Due to the development of the times and the rapid pace of life in the modern society, the living standards has become higher and higher, and various types of self-driving travel have begun to increase. However, at present, most rural areas do not have good infrastructures, tourist introduction platforms and tour guide services for tourism, and there is no effective guidance service for the rural complex traffic environment, so these problems restrict the development of rural tourism. In view of these problems, in this paper, the rural tourism information service system based on SOA technology framework was designed and developed to provide tourists with convenient services and to attract more tourists.
Research of Behavioral Context of Trends in Conscious Consumption of Fashion Industry Goods
Authors: Mykhaylivna Mashchak Nataliia , Yaroslavivna Dmytriv Anna , Krykavskyy Yevhen
Published: February 2023

The main purpose of the study conducted in the article is to study the nature of Ukrainian consumption of fashion industry goods for “consciousness” and to determine the present and prospect trends of development. To achieve this goal, the next tasks were set: to analyze literary sources to reveal the topic of conscious consumption; to study the general world trends of conscious consumption in the category of clothing – from the point of view regarding how does phenomenon of conscious consumption is disseminated, and regarding to dissemination of information about this fact; to conduct a qualitative survey of a representative sample of consumers for their behavior in the field of fashion industry products consumption; to draw conclusions about the state and prospects of conscious fashion in the domestic market. The study of literature sources and approaches to solving the problem of the detrimental impact of the fashion industry, in particular the fast fashion sector, showed the need to promote this problem and the insufficient awareness of Ukrainians in conscious consumption field. The urgency of solving this scientific problem is that the purchasing behavior and habits of Ukrainians in the field of goods of the fashion industry is somewhat different from the behavior of European consumers, which is due to the impact of the hard trade deficit during the Soviet Union times. To achieve the goals of the article, normative documents of both international level and internally adapted materials were processed. Empirical methods have been used to describe the general problems of the harmful impact of the fashion industry on the environment and approaches to its solution. The own marketing sociological survey about the conscious consumption of fashion industry goods by Ukrainians was conducted using digital tools. Theoretical research methods such as analysis, generalization, explanation and classification are used. The results of the study may be valuable for top managers of domestic and international fashion companies in restructuring their business strategy and marketing strategy to a more environmentally and socially oriented – respondents demonstrated a willingness to pay more for recycled clothing and willingness to properly dispose of clothing – and these are, in fact, specific recommendations for the development of new collections and ideas for new environmental programs and communication plans. Thus, the willingness of consumers to practice environmental approaches in consumer behavior confirms the need to promote this study among the public and stakeholders in order to raise awareness in the conscious consumption field.
Genetic variability for micronutrients under an aerobic condition in local landraces of rice from different agro-ecological regions of Karnataka, India
Authors: THUY NGUYEN PHUONG , NHU TRAN THI THAO , TRAI NGUYEN NGOC , NHU NGHI KHAC , THAO NGUYEN HOANG XUAN , PHONG VUONG TUAN , KHOA BUI DANG , LUAN NGUYEN THANH
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Thuy NP, Nhu TTT, Trai NN, Nhu NK, Thao NHX, Phong VT, Khoa BD, Luan NT. 2023. Genetic variability for micronutrients under an aerobic condition in local landraces of rice from different agroecologicalregions of Karnataka, India. Biodiversitas 24: 1-10.Genetic variability is a fundamental reference for the innovative development of breeding programs to improve varieties and desirable traits. This study aimed to assess genetic variability for micronutrients (iron and zinc) and protein content under an aerobic condition in local landraces of rice (Oryza sativa L.) from different agroecological regions of Karnataka, India. Fifty-fivelocal landraces of ricefrom India were studied.High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for grain yield per plant and moderate for the remaining traits. Heritability was high for most of the traits observed while moderatefor harvest index and grain yield plant-1. The genetic advance (GA) was high for the majority of yield and its attributing traits. GA as mean was high for grain yield per plant. Based on D2value, 50 genotypes were grouped into 8 clusters. Clusters VI and VIII are the largest and had accessions with the highest protein and zinc content. Marabatta, Jeerige Batta, Neerguli, Mugadh Sughanda, and Kesarnellu genotypes contained high grain protein and zinc content, whereas Naga Batta genotype has high iron content. Among the superior nutrient landraces, Neerguli, Jeerige Batta, DBN, Kesarnellu, and Doddiga genotypes had high grain yield plant-1.
Genetic diversity and gain quantitative characters of maize from index-based selection at two dry lands in Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: SUDIKA I WAYAN , SOEMEINABOEDHY I NYOMAN , SUTRESNA I WAYAN
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Sudika IW, Soemeinaboedhy IN, Sutresna IW. 2023. Genetic diversity and gain quantitative characters of maize from index-based selection at two dry lands in Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 11-19. Genetic diversity and gain quantitative characters of maize from index-based selection at dry land is poorly reported. This research aims to study the genetic diversity and gain of several traits quantitative of the index-based selection at two dry lands in Amor-Amor and Pererenan, Lombok, Indonesia. A randomized block design with three replications was applied to design the experiment. The materials used is maize from nine populations, namely eight populations from the selection of index-based and one from the initial population. The data were analyzed for variance at the 5% significance level. The results showed that the genetic diversity of yields was categorized as moderate, and the weight of dry cobs harvested per plant was narrow in both locations. The genetic diversity of fresh stover weight per plant in Pererenan was wider than in Amor-Amor, but still in the same category, which was medium. These three traits had a significant genetic gain in the moderate category for both locations, except for the weight of fresh stover per plant, which was high in Pererenan. The dry seed weight per plant had a moderate genetic diversity and gain with a significant positive phenotypic correlation with yield. Yield and fresh stover per plant can still be increased through index-based selection by using dry seed weight per plant and fresh stover per plant in both locations.
Detection of homozygous wildtype V1016V using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction in Aedes albopictus
Authors: Setiawan Ahmad Rudi , Fadila Syananda Zahra , Sucipto Teguh Hari , Fauziyah Shifa , Madaniyah Safira , Dewi Eryantika Cipta , Naw Sin War , Tukiran Tukiran , Cahyaningrum Sari Edi
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Setiawan AR, Fadila SZ, Sucipto TH, Fauziyah S, Madaniyah S, Dewi EC, Naw SW, Tukiran, Cahyaningrum SE. 2023. Detection of homozygous wildtype V1016V using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction in Aedes albopictus. Biodiversitas 24: 62-67. Aedes sp. is a carrier of several viruses that can infect humans and cause diseases such as zika, yellow fever, chikungunya, and dengue fever. Symptoms of dengue infection vary, consisting of classic dengue fever (DD), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome. Insecticide spray can be used to manage Aedes mosquitoes chemically. Insecticide substances target nervous system proteins. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) are rendered inactive by pyrethroid binding. Knockdown is a signal indicating an insect has been knocked down in response to a specific insecticide. However, using insecticides for a long time can cause mosquitoes to become resistant. The pesticide resistance of mosquitoes is known as knockdown resistance (kdr). This study aims to detect kdr mutations (V1016G) in two male Aedes albopictusmosquitos named A1 and A2 collected from settlements in Kranggan, Sawahan, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) assay. RNA was extracted from the two mosquito samples using an RNA extraction kit. After that, the extracted RNA was tested for kdr mutations using the AS-PCR method. After assaying, both samples are homozygous wildtype (V1016V) because the results showed bands appearing from samples A1 and A2 at 60 bp. On the other hand, this study has the potential to serve as preliminary monitoring for the program controlling vectors.
Isolation and molecular identification of agarwood-inducing fungi and their virulence test using Aquilaria sp. seedlings
Authors: LUKMAN LUKMAN , DINARTI DINY , SIREGAR ULFAH JUNIARTI , TURJAMAN MAMAN , SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Lukman, Dinarti D, Siregar UJ, Turjaman M, Sudarsono. 2023. Isolation and molecular identification of agarwood-inducing fungi and their virulence test using Aquilaria sp. seedlings. Biodiversitas 24: 140-148. Agarwood is a lump of fragrant resin with a dark color and distinctive aroma from secondary metabolite products that accumulate in wood fibers produced from the genus Aquilaria and Gyrinops, a plant defense mechanism against damage caused by wounds and infection of specific fungal pathogens. The three main factors in producing agarwood sapwood are the presence of plants that have the potential to produce agarwood (family Thymelaceae) as a host, a supportive environment, and the presence of specific fungal pathogens. The isolation, identification, and virulence testing of local isolates must be made to get the correct agarwood-inducing pathogens without posing potential environmental problems. A total of five explants of Aquilaria sp. branches producing agarwood from the study site were used. This study aims to isolate local strains of fungi associated with agarwood formation from North Aceh regency, Aceh province, Indonesia, figure out their virulence against and ability to induce agarwood from seedlings of target trees, and determine their species identity. The experiments comprised isolation, macroscopic and microscopic identification, virulence tests, and species identification based on ITS sequences. The study resulted in five local Aceh isolates (LAI-1- LAI-5). Four isolates (LAI-1 - LAI-4) can induce agarwood formation, and oneisolate (LAI-5) is a white rot fungus. The ITS sequence analysis showed that LAI-1 - LAI-4 were Fusarium solani, while two colonies taken from LAI-5 isolate were identified as Ceriporia lacerataor Irpex laceratus (LAI-5 colony#1), and Daldinia eschscholtzii (LAI-5 colony #3). Based on these findings, the LA-5 isolate was probably a mixture of the two white rot fungus isolates.
DNA primer design for sex identification of Sumatran tiger body samples
Authors: ASRORI IKRIMA , TJONG DJONG HON , NOVARINO WILSON , MANSYURDIN MANSYURDIN , SYAIFULLAH SYAIFULLAH , ROESMA DEWI IMELDA
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Asrori I, Tjong DH, Novarino W, Mansyurdin, Syaifullah, Roesma DI. 2023. DNA primer design for sex identification of Sumatran tiger body samples. Biodiversitas 24: 241-249. Many reports of cases of illegal trade in animal body parts have resulted in more and more samples of animal body parts being seized. Seized sample from illegal trade needs to be identified with the help of molecular methods to ensure the profile of the seized samples including the determination of their sex. At the molecular level, amelogenin gene amplifications are used to determine the sex of mammals. Previous studies using primers for amelogenin gene amplification found that amelogenin X (AMELX) and amelogenin Y (AMELY) bands in male samples were difficult to distinguish due to very small differences, 20 base pairs (bp). The difficulty of distinguishing these bands resulted in errors in detecting male and female individual samples. Therefore, it was to design a more specific primer as a way to avoid this error. The purpose of this study was to design a DNA primer for the sex identification of the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae Pocock, 1929). The research was carried out using descriptive methods and molecular observation of the AMELX and AMELY Sumatran tiger sequences. The primer design results in this study were 100% able to identify the sex of the Sumatran tiger sample. The present primer design (F= 5’ TCGGTTAACAATTCCCTGGGC’3 and R= 5’AGGCCAAATAGGAGTGTGCT’3) is more specific than the primers previously reported.
Genetic variation of Limnophora marginata Stein, 1904 (Diptera: Muscidae), associated with an altitudinal gradient in Pedro Moncayo Canton, Pichincha, Ecuador
Authors: AGUILAR KAREN ESTEFANIA VALENCIA , VIVAS ANA YOLEIDA SOTO , LÓPEZ CAMILA ACOSTA
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Aguilar KEV, Vivas AYS, Acosta-López C. 2023. Genetic variation of Limnophora marginata Stein, 1904 (Diptera: Muscidae), associated with an altitudinal gradient in Pedro Moncayo Canton, Pichincha, Ecuador. Biodiversitas 24: 269-275. Analyzing heterogeneity in insect populations is relevant to understanding its biology. Thus, we analyzed the genetic variability of two populations of “hunter-flies”, Limnophora marginata Stein, 1904 associated with an altitudinal gradient in the Tocachi and Jerusalem localities, in the Pedro Moncayo Canton, Ecuador, using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the mitochondrial Cytochrome oxidase I gene. Thirty alleles were detected from analysis with five restriction enzymes; the percentage of polymorphic loci was higher in Tocachi (96.67%) than in Jerusalem (80%). Haplotypes were generated with the corresponding alleles, resulting in a different haplotype for each analyzed individual. Several estimators were used to characterize the population structure. The Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) evidenced the existence of higher intra-population variability (94%) than inter-population (6%), showing similar information to that found through haplotype analysis. The Fst fixation index indicated that there is no genetic difference between populations (0.056, P<0.05). Nei's genetic distance and Nei's similarity index indicated that L. marginata populations did not show differences between populations. From the results we deduce that the evolutionary force that may be modelling the existent genetic variability may be gene flow, thus establishing a low inter-population genetic structure. The mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome oxidase I gene was an advantageous molecular marker to obtain results that established intra and inter population variability. The characteristics of the mitochondrial DNA were useful to successfully apply the PCR-RFLP technique. Our findings highlight the existence of ecosystem connectivity between L. marginata populations despite altitudinal and habitat differences.
Detection of the presence and distribution of invasive fish in the Progo River, Yogyakarta, Indonesia using the environmental DNA method
Authors: Anggraini Rahmi Kurnia , Adharini Ratih Ida , Sari Dini Wahyu Kartika , Satriyo Tony Budi
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Rahmi KA, Adharini RI, Sari DWK, Satriyo TB. 2023. Detection of the presence and distribution of invasive fish in the Progo River, Yogyakarta, Indonesia using the environmental DNA method. Biodiversitas 24: 276-281. Invasive species are alien species that enter the ecosystem and can adapt to the ecosystem quickly. So, the presence of invasive fish can threaten endemic diversity in these ecosystems. This study aims to detect the presence and distribution of invasive fish in the Progo River, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, through the environmental DNA (eDNA) method. Water samples were taken at three observation points in the upstream area of the river (site 1), the middle of the river (site 2), and downstream of the river (site 3). The water samples were filtered using 0.45 µm MF-Milipore installed on the filtration pump and extracted using the ZymoBIOMICS DNA Miniprep Kit. Sequencing used nanopore sequencing. The primers used were FishF2 and FishR2. The sequencing results were analyzed using the mBRAVE software, which was then classified as an invasive species based on government regulations and journals. The results showed that 188 OTUs were detected in the upstream area (site 1), 227 OTUs in the middle area (site 2) and 154 OTUs downstream. Lagocephalus and Sciaenops were found in the upstream area (site 1). In the middle area of the river (site 2), Gambusia and Lepomis were found, while in the lower reaches of the river (site 3), Gambusia and Sciaenops were found. With the detection of these invasive species, appropriate management and conservation efforts must be carried out immediately to protect endemic species in the Progo River.
Bioassay and molecular detection of insecticides resistance of Aedes aegypti, vector of dengue in Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: SAYONO SAYONO , NURULLITA ULFA , HANDOYO WAHYU , TYASNINGRUM WINDA SEPTY , CHAKIM IRFANUL , BUDIHARJO ANTO
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Sayono, Nurullita U, Handoyo W, Tyasningrum WS, Chakim I, Budiharjo A. 2023. Bioassay and molecular detectionsof insecticides resistance of Aedes aegypti, vector of dengue in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 300-307. The emergence of insecticide-resistant strains among Aedes aegyptipopulations hampered Dengue control programs in the endemic areas. Moreover, to understand the current situation and distribution of insecticide resistance status of Ae. aegypti to cypermethrin, malathion, and temephos compounds, we conducted morphological and molecular detection in the Dengue endemic areas in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Mosquito larvae were obtained from thirteen villages of five Dengue endemic areas representing different altitudes. Larval and adult stage of Ae. aegypti colony from each village was subjected to a bioassay test based on the WHO procedures. Subsequently, they were sampled and subjected to molecular analysis to identify the 1016G kdr allele using the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR). Mortality of Ae. aegypti after exposure to cypermethrin, malathion, and temephos ranged from 16-86%, 75-100%, and 6-51%, respectively. These findings showed that Ae. aegypti populations were resistant to cypermethrin and temephos, although malathion-susceptible strains were found among 23.08% of the different altitudinal localities. The result of the AS-PCR indicated that the homozygous (G/G) and heterozygous (V/G) alleles of codon 1016 of the AaNav gene were found throughout the study site altitudes. The development of multiple resistance strains was found among Ae. aegypti populations in Central Java Province, Indonesia. The use ofcypermethrin and temephos compounds must be delayed for at least five years, while malathion can still be used selectively to control the Ae. aegypti population in several areas, namely Karangjati, Gebugan (Semarang District), and Rowosari in Semarang City.
Effect of different drying methods on some mineral elements, amino acids and fatty acids of the fruits of some Iraqi palm cultivars
Authors: HAMZA RAMIA SHEHAB , AL-HASHIMI ALAA GAZI
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Hamza RS, Al-Hashimi AG. 2023. Effect of different drying methods on some mineral elements, amino acids and fatty acids of the fruits of some Iraqi palm cultivars. Biodiversitas 24: 359-369. The current study aimed to produce date palm powder from low-quality local varieties, namely (Dayeri and Zahdi). The dates were dried by three methods (solar, electric and microwave) and the mineral elements of the date powder were investigated. The mineral components in the powder produced by heat treatments increased significantly, although the microwave was the best drying method. The microwave-dried Dayeri date powder had the highest levels of potassium and phosphorus, whereas the microwave-dried Zahdi showed the highest levels of calcium. A discrepancy was observed in the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids of date powder, diagnosed by gas chromatography connected to a mass spectrometer. Fatty acid levels were affected by heat treatments, a decrease in saturated and unsaturated fatty acids was recorded, especially by the electric oven drying method. Amino acids ratio varied between varieties and drying methods; the dates of the Zahdi variety contain the highest percentage of amino acids. The proline amino acid was superior to the other amino acids; the solar-dried Zahdi powder had the highest concentration of proline, while the microwave-dried powder had higher concentrations of leucine and serine. Similar amounts of phenylalanine and threonine were found in Zahdi powder that had been microwave dried. However, the amount of cysteine in that which had been solar-dried was higher. The objective of the current study is to determine some biochemical constituents of the locally considered low-quality dates in southern Iraq. These date varieties have not been investigated before for their nutritional quality.
Antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts from endophytic bacteria isolated from girang (Leea indica) leaves
Authors: ARIVO DEBI , MUBARIK NISA RACHMANIA , RUSMANA IMAN , BATUBARA IRMANIDA
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Arivo D, Mubarik NR, Rusmana I, Batubara I. 2023. Antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts from endophytic bacteria isolated from girang (Leea indica) leaves. Biodiversitas 24: 415-422. Girang (Leea indica) is one of the medicinal plants with various bioactive compounds that act as an antioxidant. However, isolating these bioactive compounds need a significant amount of biomass. Endophytic bacteria can be a good solution to produce the same bioactive compounds as their host. This study determined whether the potential isolate produces high antioxidant activity in various solvents, phytochemical screening, determination of total flavonoid and phenolic contents, and identification of the isolate. The BT4 isolate was isolated from L. indica leaves. The supernatant of BT4 was extracted in fractionated extraction. The antioxidant activity was determined using a DPPH assay. Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods analyzed the total flavonoid and phenolic content. The isolate was identified using the 16S rRNA method. The best IC50 was obtained from n-butanol extract with a value of 59.021±0.541 ?g/mL. The flavonoid and phenolic contents from n-butanol extract have the value of 4.686±0.476 mgQE/g extract and 31.406±0.716 mgGAE/g extract, respectively. The BT4 isolate contained flavonoids, saponin, tannins, terpenoids, and steroids and was identical to Bacillus tequilensis with 99% similarity. This study revealed that endophytic bacteria from L. indica leaves could be a potential source of the novel natural antioxidant compound.
Detection of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairies milk in Medowo Village of Kediri District, Indonesia
Authors: PUTRA GIOVANNI DWI SYAHNI , KHAIRULLAH ASWIN RAFIF , EFFENDI MUSTOFA HELMI , LAZUARDI MOCHAMAD , KURNIAWAN SHENDY CANADYA , AFNANI DANIAH ASHRI , SILAEN OTTO SAHAT MARTUA , WARUWU YUSAC KRISTANTO KHODA , MILLANNIA SAUMI KIREY , WIDODO AGUS , RAMADHANI SAFIRA , FARIZQI MUHAMMAD THORIQ IHZA , RIWU KATTY HENDRIANA PRISCILIA
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Putra GDS, Khairullah AR, Effendi MH, Lazuardi M, Kurniawan SC, Afnani DA, Silaen OSM, Waruwu YKK, Millannia SK, Widodo A, Ramadhani S, Farizqi MTI, Riwu KHP. 2023. Detection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairies milk in Medowo Village of Kediri District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 423-430. Bacterial resistance has emerged as a major concern in dairy farms in Indonesia due to the pervasive usage of antibiotics. Furthermore, no specific research has been done to explain the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in isolated milk from dairy cows in Kediri, particularly in Medowo Village, and their antibiotic resistance. Moreover, to control the emergence of diseases in humans brought on by dairy cow's milk or infections transmitted through milk, additional research on the prevalence and resistance of bacteria in dairy farms in the Kediri district is urgently required. In Medowo, the Village Kandangan of District, Kediri Regency, Indonesia, 100 dairy cow's milk samples were taken from farms in numerous hamlets. The Kirby-Bauer method performed an antibiotic sensitivity test using disk diffusion. The sensitivity test was attached with antibiotic discs on tetracycline, penicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, and cefoxitin. According to sample evaluation results, S. aureus was detected in 94 (94%) of the 100 isolated milk samples based on morphological culture features, Gram staining, and biochemical assays. According to the profile of antibiotic resistance derived from the findings of the S. aureus antibiotic resistance test, 23 isolates (24.47%) were proven to be multidrug-resistant (MDR) because they were resistant to three to four classes of antibiotics. The use of antibiotics typically rises in response to an increase in the prevalence of disease in cattle, which could lead to higher levels of antibiotic residue in milk and possibly higher levels of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, dairy farming requires methods for prudently and correctly employing antibiotics.
Population dynamics of Spirostachys africana Sond. a species highly exploited amongst some communities of Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: VICTOR PHALANNDWA MASHUDU , TSHISIKHAWE MILINGONI PETER , MAGWEDE KHATHUTSHELO
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Victor PM, Tshisikhawe MP, Magwede K. 2023. Population dynamics of Spirostachys africana Sond. a species highly exploited amongst some communities of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Biodiversitas 24: 492-497. Over-exploitation of important indigenous plant species impact negatively on their population structure. Unmonitored and unsustainable harvesting from plant ecosystems may inhibit plant recovery. The aim of the study was to investigate the population structure of Spirostachys africana in a communal area of Ha-Matsa Village in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Eleven transects of 100m x 10m were used to sample ecological parameter data from 66 plant specimens of S. africana species. Transects were subjectively placed within the population of S. africana. Data on plant height size classes and basal stem diameter size classes exhibited an almost Bell-shaped population curve. The population of S. africana did not have many seedlings, with the Crown health status data revealing a population with generally moderately damaged crowns (24%), while 19% of individuals had healthy crowns. The concern is the recorded 9% of dead crowns. Although the population looks great from a distance, the sampled ecological data revealed an unviable population. The Spirostachys africana population of Ha-Matsa Village does not have more individuals in the small size classes of both height and basal stem diameter. Conservation practice implies that if anthropogenic activities are not properly monitored, there may not be enough young individuals to support the population of S. africana into the future. Therefore, this study aimed to improve the assessment and the effects of harvesting on the S. africana species population. This study also suggests important information and guides ecologists and conservationists on sustainable harvesting practices and offtakes of S. africana.
Vegetation composition, diversity, stand structure and carbon stock of a dry evergreen montane forest of Lendikinya forest reserve in Tanzania
Authors: MWALUSEKE MPONIE LEISON , MWAKALUKWA EZEKIEL EDWARD , SALIM MALIONDO SALIM MOHAMMED
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Mwaluseke ML, Mwakalukwa EE, Maliondo SMS. 2023. Vegetation composition, diversity, stand structure and carbon stock of a dry evergreen montane forest of Lendikinya forest reserve in Tanzania. Biodiversitas 24: 551-562. There is limited information on woody plant diversity and vegetation patterns in African dry forests, particularly in East Africa, and hence increasing the interests in understanding species composition, diversity, and structural attributes of catchment forest reserves found in Tanzania. Moreover, tree species composition, species richness, and carbon stock are not well documented in most montane forests in the region, apart from Ethiopia. Their potential in terms of carbon storage is also important for understanding their productivity and the extent to which they can be used in mitigating the effects of climate change. This study assessed vegetation composition and diversity, stand structure and potential carbon stocks of Lendikinya Forest Reserve, a dry evergreen montane forest located in Monduli District in Tanzania. A total of 56 concentric circular plots with subplots of 2 m, 5 m, 10 m, 15 m and 20 m radii were used to collect woody species data on standing trees and stumps across the entire forest of 3,689 ha. A total of 79 species belonging to 36 families were identified. Drypetes natalensis (9.2%), Diospyros abyssinica (7.1%) and Dombeya rotundifolia (6.5%) were the most important species as per the Importance Value Index (IVI). The diversity indices have indicated the forest reserve to have a high diversity of woody species. Stand structure comprises 1,398 ± 679 stems ha-1, basal area of 11.42 ± 5.41 m2ha-1and standing volume of 54.47 ± 24.1 m3ha-1 while the mean carbon stocks were 16.04 ± 7.7 t C ha-1. The alarming disturbances stress the urgent need for increased conservation efforts in order to protect the existing biodiversity and increase carbon storage and enhance water conservation in the reserve.
Biophysical assessment of the plant biodiversity of Northern Negros Natural Park, Negros Island, Philippines
Authors: DECHIMO JR. ARAGON A. , BUOT JR. INOCENCIO E.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Jr Dechimo AA, Jr Buot IE. 2023. Biophysical assessment of the plant biodiversity of Northern Negros Natural Park, Negros Island, Philippines. Biodiversitas 24: 583-602. Data sets on plant bioresources in Northern Negros Natural Park are critical in planning for conservation management and strategies. This study aimed to (i) conduct a survey of plant species in NNNP and determine their conservation status, (ii) assess the species diversity pattern and vegetation structures, (iii) establish altitudinal zones, and (iv) analyze the environmental factors affecting species distribution. Standard vegetation analysis and secondary data were utilized in the data collection process. Results showed 242 species, 72 families of 78 tree species, 90 shrubs and small trees, and 37 epiphytes. About 112 species are threatened, 35 of which are Philippine endemics. Two altitudinal zones were identified using the cluster analysis: Zone I (643 to 1,256 m asl.), dominated by Crypteronia paniculata, Acer laurinum, Weinmannia hutchinsonii, and Syzygiumsp.; and Zone II (1421 to 1470 m asl.) dominated by Dacrydium cf. beccarii. Zone I was further subdivided into three clusters: Zone IA (643 to 985 m asl.), Zone IB (908 to 913 m asl.), and Zone IC (822 to 1,182 m asl.). Canonical correspondence analysis illustrated that environmental factors (N, Altitude, and human disturbance) influenced the zonation of vegetation or species abundance. These results are important in understanding the landscape and crafting strategic interventions and management plans for conservation.
Phytochemical analysis of Annona atemoya seed extract by HPLC and their ability to inhibit the growth of Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: AL-BARHAWEE NAJWA IBRAHIM KHALEEL , QASIM WIJDAN SALIM , ABDLLA YOUSRA A.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Al-Barhawee NIK, Qasim WS, Abdlla YA. 2023. Phytochemical analysis of Annona atemoya seed extract by HPLC and their ability to inhibit the growth of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Biodiversitas 24: 603-608. The main objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Annona atemoya seeds crude alcoholic extract utilizing nine different concentrations (0.0020, 0.0039, 0.0060, 0.0080, and 0.00100 mg/ml). Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall disease in numerous plant crops causing significant economic losses. Medicinal plants contain chemical compounds (a group of secondary metabolites) known to have antibacterial properties. The result showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration was (0.0313 mg/ml) using agar diffusion technique, while it ranged from (0.0156-0.0313 mg/ml) in the minimal microplate inhibitory concentration test. The crude alcoholic extract of A. atemoya seeds contains alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, phenols, and proteins, but not saponins, based on the results of qualitative analysis of chemical components. HPLC analysis revealed that the extract contained quercitin, rutin, valine, and camphor which were found in the amount of 33.09, 139.39, 0.061, and 7.43 ppm/ml, respectively. Therefore the present finding suggests that A. atemoya seed extract may be used as a biological control to inhibit crown gall formation in plants. This is the first study of the antimicrobial activity of A. atemoya seed alcoholic extract on the growth of plant pathogenic bacteria.