bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Judicialização e direito à saúde no Brasil: uma trajetória de encontros e desencontros
Authors: Vieira Fabiola Sulpino
Published: February 2023

Neste texto, discutem-se os impactos da judicialização na garantia do direito à saúde no Brasil e a necessidade de reavaliação do papel do Judiciário na sua proteção. Evidências da literatura técnico-científica e informações sobre a execução orçamentário-financeira e a aquisição de medicamentos do Ministério da Saúde foram utilizadas para fundamentar os argumentos. Mostra-se que, em 2019, as ações judiciais consumiram 25,2% dos recursos do Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica, sendo 21% para 10 medicamentos. Argumenta-se que, embora o Judiciário promova esse direito quando o Estado falha em assegurar o acesso a medicamentos incorporados ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), ele compromete o acesso a medicamentos da população com as determinações de aquisição de produtos não incorporados. Defende-se a necessidade de o Judiciário pautar seu controle sobre a observância dos preceitos constitucionais e legais nas políticas públicas, especialmente na política fiscal, dado seu impacto sobre o financiamento do SUS.
A Genomic Risk Score Identifies Individuals at High Risk for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Myserlis Evangelos Pavlos , Georgakis Marios K. , Demel Stacie L. , Sekar Padmini , Chung Jaeyoon , Malik Rainer , Hyacinth Hyacinth I. , Comeau Mary E. , Falcone Guido J. , Langefeld Carl D. , Rosand Jonathan , Woo Daniel , Anderson Christopher D.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has an estimated heritability of 29%. We developed a genomic risk score for ICH and determined its predictive power in comparison to standard clinical risk factors.

Methods:

We combined genome-wide association data from individuals of European ancestry for ICH and related traits in a meta-genomic risk score ([metaGRS]; 2.6 million variants). We tested associations with ICH and its predictive performance in addition to clinical risk factors in a held-out validation dataset (842 cases and 796 controls). We tested associations with risk of incident ICH in the population-based UK Biobank cohort (486 784 individuals, 1526 events, median follow-up 11.3 years).

Results:

One SD increment in the metaGRS was significantly associated with 31% higher odds for ICH (95% CI, 1.16–1.48) in age-, sex- and clinical risk factor-adjusted models. The metaGRS identified individuals with almost 5-fold higher odds for ICH in the top score percentile (odds ratio, 4.83 [95% CI, 1.56–21.2]). Predictive models for ICH incorporating the metaGRS in addition to clinical predictors showed superior performance compared to the clinical risk factors alone (c-index, 0.695 versus 0.686). The metaGRS showed similar associations for lobar and nonlobar ICH, independent of the known
APOE
risk locus for lobar ICH. In the UK Biobank, the metaGRS was associated with higher risk of incident ICH (hazard ratio, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.09–1.21]). The associations were significant within both a relatively high-risk population of antithrombotic medications users, as well as among a relatively low-risk population with a good control of vascular risk factors and no use of anticoagulants.

Conclusions:

We developed and validated a genomic risk score that predicts lifetime risk of ICH beyond established clinical risk factors among individuals of European ancestry. Whether implementation of the score in risk prognostication models for high-risk populations, such as patients under antithrombotic treatment, could improve clinical decision making should be explored in future studies.
Trade Protectionism and Export Adjustment on the Extensive Margin: An Analysis Based on the China–U.S. Trade War
Authors: Tian Wei , Hei Ye
Published: February 2023

Based on highly disaggregated customs data from 2016–19, this paper investigates the impact of the China–U.S. trade war on the exports of Chinese firms, from the perspective of the extensive margin of product scope. The paper finds that the rise in U.S. import tariffs during the trade war led to Chinese exporters concentrating on production of their core products and shrinking their export scope. Higher import tariffs resulted in an average 2.43 percent decline in export scope and an average 1.25 percent increase in the export share of core products. The damage was particularly pronounced for intermediate products and heterogeneous products, which is consistent with the high duties. The paper provides direct evidence on the harm to export diversification caused by the China–U.S. trade war, suggesting a welfare loss from the decrease in product variety, as emphasized in the literature. This result holds after controlling for factors such as production cycles and heterogeneity.
The Belt and Road Initiative: Economic Causes and Effects
Authors: Sjöholm Fredrik
Published: February 2023

Chinese investment abroad has grown significantly in connection with the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This paper tries to answer two questions: First, what considerations gave birth to the BRI? And second, what are the project's economic effects in terms of capital flows and international trade? It is found that the project is above all a way to deal with large surplus capacity in China's capital-intensive industries, to increase growth in relatively poor regions of the country, and to secure a supply of energy and raw materials. For other countries involved in the project, BRI investments are a means to increase production and international trade. International trade and foreign direct investment have been positively affected, although to a limited extent. Finally, there are concerns that lack of transparency in Chinese lending may lead to increased corruption, and that some countries will face financial difficulties.
From Farms to Factories and Firms—Structural Transformation and Labor Productivity Growth in Malaysia
Authors: Rahman Amanina Abdur , Schmillen Achim
Published: February 2023

Using data from the Department of Statistics Malaysia from 1987 to 2018 and decompositions that take account of both the static and dynamic efficiency gains from labor reallocation, this study documents that Malaysia has undergone structural transformation from an agriculture-driven to a services-driven economy. In contrast to common perceptions, however, the country's impressive growth in output per capita over the last three decades can largely be attributed not to its structural transformation but instead to sustained growth in within-sector labor productivity. At 3 percent, the contribution of between-sector reallocation of labor to output per capita growth has been relatively low.
Deep Learning for Medication Recommendation: A Systematic Survey
Authors: Ali Zafar , Huang Yi , Ullah Irfan , Feng Junlan , Deng Chao , Thierry Nimbeshaho , Khan Asad , Jan Asim Ullah , Shen Xiaoli , Rui Wu , Qi Guilin
Published: February 2023

Making medication prescriptions in response to the patient's diagnosis is a challenging task. The number of pharmaceutical companies, their inventory of medicines, and the recommended dosage confront a doctor with the well-known problem of information and cognitive overload. To assist a medical practitioner in making informed decisions regarding a medical prescription to a patient, researchers have exploited electronic health records (EHRs) in automatically recommending medication. In recent years, medication recommendation using EHRs has been a salient research direction, which has attracted researchers to apply various deep learning (DL) models to the EHRs of patients in recommending prescriptions. Yet, in the absence of a holistic survey article, it needs a lot of effort and time to study these publications in order to understand the current state of research and identify the best-performing models along with the trends and challenges. To fill this research gap, this survey reports on state-of-the-art DL-based medication recommendation methods. It reviews the classification of DL-based medication recommendation (MR) models, compares their performance, and the unavoidable issues they face. It reports on the most common datasets and metrics used in evaluating MR models. The findings of this study have implications for researchers interested in MR models.
Estimation of Density and Height of Winter Wheat Varieties Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Images
Authors: Zang Hecang , Wang Yanjing , Yang Xiuzhong , He Jia , Zhou Meng , Zheng Guoqing , Li Guoqiang
Published: February 2023

In order to quickly and accurately obtain density and height information of winter wheat varieties, it is of great practical significance for the growth monitoring of new wheat varieties. In actual production, the plant density and height are mainly obtained by manual measurement, which is inefficient, time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, the winter wheat were extracted coverage based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) images at seedling stage, the relationship between coverage and plant density were investigated. Moreover, the high-definition digital images of winter wheat varieties at 4 growth stages including jointing, booting, flowering and grain filling stages were obtained. The digital orthophoto model (DOM) and digital surface model (DSM) of winter wheat varieties was generated in combination with the ground control points. The estimation model of plant height at the four growing stages were established. Based on the ground measured plant height (H) of new wheat varieties, the plant height of new wheat varieties extracted by DSM was verified. The results showed that the coverage of new wheat varieties extracted from the UAV images at seedling stage was highly correlated with the measured plant density, and the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.82. The new wheat varieties H extracted by DSM was significantly correlated with the measured H, and the fittedR2and root mean square error (RMSE) of the predicted plant height and the measured value were 0.96 and 6.32 cm, respectively. It indicated that the use of UAV images to predict the plant density and plant height of new wheat varieties has good applicability, and can provide technical reference for the monitoring of wheat phenotypic information in the future.
Comparison of the Performance of the Observation-Based Hybrid EDMF and EDMF-TKE PBL Schemes in 2020 Tropical Cyclone Forecasts from the Global-Nested Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System
Authors: Hazelton Andrew , Zhang Jun A. , Gopalakrishnan Sundararaman
Published: February 2023

Better representation of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) in numerical models is one of the keys to improving forecasts of TC structure and intensity, including rapid intensification. To meet this goal, our recent work has used observations to improve the eddy-diffusivity mass flux with prognostic turbulent kinetic energy (EDMF-TKE) PBL scheme in the Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS). This study builds on that work by comparing a modified version of EDMF-TKE (MEDMF-TKE) with the hybrid EDMF scheme based on a K-profile method (HEDMF-KP) in the 2020 HAFS-globalnest model. Verification statistics based on 101 cases in the 2020 season demonstrate that MEDMF-TKE improves track forecasts, with a reduction in a large right bias seen in HEDMF-KP forecasts. The comparison of intensity performance is mixed, but the magnitude of low bias at early forecast hours is reduced with the use of the MEDMF-TKE scheme, which produces a wider range of TC intensities. Wind radii forecasts, particularly the radius of maximum wind speed (RMW), are also improved with the MEDMF-TKE scheme. Composites of TC inner-core structure in and above the PBL highlight and explain differences between the two sets of forecasts, with MEDMF-TKE having a stronger and shallower inflow layer, stronger eyewall vertical velocity, and more moisture in the eyewall region. A case study of Hurricane Laura shows that MEDMF-TKE better represented the subtropical ridge and thus the motion of the TC. Finally, analysis of Hurricane Delta through a tangential wind budget highlights how and why MEDMF-TKE leads to faster spinup of the vortex and a better prediction of rapid intensification.
Incarcerated Amyand Hernia Associated With Acute Appendicitis and Incidental Finding of Serrated Adenoma
Authors: McNamee Molly M. , Stolz Michael P. , Gibson Brian H. , Brown Cecil
Published: February 2023

Background

Amyand hernias are rare as they represent 0.5% of all hernias. An Amyand hernia that is discovered due to acute appendicitis is even rarer, accounting for approximately 0.11% of cases. Furthermore, appendiceal neoplasms are infrequently encountered in only 0.7–1.7% of appendectomy specimens.

Purpose

This paper presents the case of an 85 year-old man presenting with acute appendicitis located within an amyand hernia as well as a serrated adenoma noted on final pathology.

Conclusions

An Amyand hernia is a rare diagnosis. We proceeded with laparoscopic appendectomy and interval inguinal hernia repair. Pathology should be reviewed for all patients and proper follow up ensured for all incidental findings.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Placement in Trauma Patients: Early vs Delayed Initiation of Enteral Feeding
Authors: Garner Sydney M. , Reparaz Laura , Justice Jessica , Foster Alexandra P. , Litzenberger Stephanie , Bell Nathaniel , Schaller Stephanie L. , Spoor Kristen , Cull John , Watson Christopher M. , Dunkelberger Lindsey C.
Published: February 2023

In critically ill trauma patients, adequate nutrition is essential for the body’s healing process. Currently, there is no clinical standard for initiating feeds after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement. We aimed to demonstrate that early enteral nutrition (EN) is as safe as delayed EN in patients who have undergone PEG tube insertion. We conducted a multi-center, retrospective cohort study of 384 patients from the Prisma Health Trauma Registries who received PEGs. Feeding intolerance was defined as high gastric residuals, nausea, emesis, sustained diarrhea, or ileus. The probability that a patient would experience intolerance was 11.7% in those fed within 6 hours, 5.1% among patients fed between 6 and 12 hours, 6.0% among patients fed between 12 and 24 hours, and 7.6% among patients fed after 24 hours, for which no statistically significant difference was detected. These findings support that early EN after PEG placement is safe in critically ill, trauma patients.
Splenic Rupture Following Colonoscopy
Authors: Ninad Nehal , Edwards Macie , Jones Ashley
Published: February 2023

Splenic rupture following colonoscopy (SRFC) is a rare complication and can have associated mortality if left undiagnosed. Most of the cases reported have been managed operatively. Here, we present a case of a 75-year-old-female who underwent conservative management for SRFC. Splenic rupture should remain a differential in patients presenting with abdominal pain, syncope, and hypotension following colonoscopy. Decisions regarding operative versus conservative management should be guided by the patient’s clinical status, hemodynamics, and available resources.
Positive Nipple Margins and Oncologic Outcomes of Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy in a Large Community-Based Hospital System
Authors: Shaffer Kristina , Harris Lilian , McCullough Katherine , Tjoe Judy A.
Published: February 2023

The American Society of Breast Surgeons recommends sending separate nipple margins (NMs) when performing nipple-sparing mastectomies (NSMs). However, the definition of a positive NM is vague. We evaluated NM management and outcomes in breast cancer patients undergoing NSM from 2010 to 2021 at our community-based hospital system through a retrospective review and descriptive analysis. A total of 619 patients (1086 NSM) were included. Median invasive tumor size was 1.5cm and median follow-up 30 months. Fourteen therapeutic NSMs had tumor within the NMs. Nine were positive using the definition “any tumor within the separate NM,” and nipple-areolar complex (NAC) excised. Two were negative when positive was defined as “any tumor on ink,” and were observed without recurrence. Our results suggest positive NMs warranting NAC excision could be interpreted as “any tumor on ink” and NSMs can be safely performed with low rates of positive NMs and recurrences in high-volume hospitals.
The Non-interference Principle and the BRI Grand Strategy in the GCC
Authors: Chaziza Mordechai
Published: February 2023

There are already signs that the PRC is backing out of the non-interference policy. Perhaps this is the right time to ask if China’s policy of non-interference in other countries internal affairs is ending, especially in light of the BRI grand strategy. The study examines whether China’s policy of non-interference is sustainable in the age of the BRI. Will the PRC be able to maintain its non-interference and neutrality policy, especially if its commercial interests, investments, and citizens living in the GCC countries are threatened? China must moderate its non-interference policy and increasingly intervene to secure overseas economic interests by framing its engagement in a way that eases the perceived breadth and depth of its interference.
Perceptions on Management of Atopic Dermatitis in Children Under 2 Years by Community Pediatricians: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Hamideh Noor , Venkatesh Pooja , Zhao Sharon , Ariza Adolfo J. , Bolanos Liliana , Necheles Jonathan , Fishbein Anna B.
Published: February 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin condition and is undertreated in children under 2 years, whom there are no specific guidelines for. We sought to understand barriers to AD treatment and primary care pediatricians’ (PCPs) suggested solutions. We conducted semi-structured focus groups (n = 5) with PCPs (n = 17) on how the undertreatment of AD can be addressed. Data were analyzed using an inductive qualitative approach. Participants noted that the perceived undertreatment of AD in children under 2 years could be explained by topical corticosteroid (TCS) use hesitancy, lack of caregiver adherence to PCP recommendations, and under-documentation of AD in the electronic medical record (EMR). Proposed suggestions for improving AD management included caregiver and PCP education on TCS safety; stepwise management guidelines for this age group; and EMR aids to help document and manage AD. Research is warranted to create and disseminate clinician-friendly AD management guidelines for this age group.
Risk Factors of Exchange Blood Transfusion in Infants With Severe Pertussis
Authors: Shi Tingting , Du Shuling , Fan Huifeng , Yu Minghua , Jiang WenHui , Zhang Dongwei , Ding Tao , Lu Gen , Huang Li
Published: February 2023

Exchange blood transfusion (ET) reportedly improves the outcomes of the patients with severe pertussis accompanied with deadly complications continued to worsen despite intensive therapeutic measures. This study assessed the medical records of 12 patients with severe pertussis requiring ET therapy who were admitted to our medical center. Of the 12 patients requiring ET therapy, 8 survived and 4 died. The independent risk factors for requiring ET therapy in infants with severe pertussis were T ≥ 38.5°C (odds ratio [OR], 11.697; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.325–262.184; P = .046), C-reactive protein (CRP) >30 mg/L (OR, 62.393; 95% CI, 6.264–2381.773; P = .004), and WBC > 40.0 × 109/L (OR, 68.509; 95% CI, 8.118–1829.695; P = .001). ET therapy worked effectively for our severe pertussis cases. When the severe pertussis patients with T ≥ 38.5°C, CRP >30 mg/L, and WBC > 40.0 × 109/L, ET therapy might be taken into consideration.
Chronicle of the Girls’ Bureau for Freedom and Uplift
Authors: LeSure Ainsley , Locke Jill
Published: February 2023

This essay is part of a special issue celebrating 50 years of Political Theory. The ambition of the editors was to mark this half century not with a retrospective but with a confabulation of futures. Contributors were asked: What will political theory look and sound like in the next century and beyond? What claims might political theorists or their descendants be making in ten, twenty-five, fifty, a hundred years’ time? How might they vindicate those claims in their future contexts? How will the consistent concerns of political theorists evolve into the questions critical for people decades or centuries from now? What new problems will engage the political theorists (or their rough equivalents) of the future? What forms might those take? What follows is one of the many confabulations published in response to these queries.
From Attendance to Collaboration: Contextual Differences in Teacher Perceptions of Multilingual Family Engagement
Authors: Schultz Lyndsie Marie , Bonney Edwin Nii , Dorner Lisa M. , Song Kim
Published: February 2023

Background/Context:

There is a growing need for schools to examine the best ways of working with immigrant and multilingual families, as it is ever more likely that all teachers will work with multilingual newcomers and their children during their career. However, teachers often view multilingual families in deficit ways, and many teachers lack experience in designing culturally responsive school–family partnerships. Although professional development (PD) has been shown to positively impact teachers’ beliefs regarding actively engaging culturally and linguistically diverse families, it is not clear from the literature how such PD is taken up across different district contexts.

Purpose/Objective/Research Question or Focus of Study:

This article explores teachers' perceptions of multilingual family engagement across four distinct school districts involved in a PD project. We specifically asked: (1) How have teachers’ perceptions of immigrant/multilingual family engagement changed over the first year of a PD program? (2) How do teachers’ perceptions of multilingual family engagement differ across district contexts?

Research Design:

In this mixed-method study, we examine teacher survey responses, reflections, and researcher field notes from our first cohort of teachers ( n = 25) participating in our National Professional Development (NPD) grant project. We completed descriptive statistics to address our initial research question before exploring how context could be shaping the ways teachers implemented ideas from the PD. Next, teacher reflections and researcher field notes were analyzed following an ethnographic approach.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

We found that power-sharing approaches to family engagement were conceptualized by teachers along a continuum of relationship-building and power-sharing across districts. While PD can support teachers to develop family engagement beyond common and traditional practices, buy-in by teachers can be limited by district context and opportunities. Researchers providing PD need to recognize that discussions around power-sharing will look different depending on district context. Furthermore, providing this type of PD will require relationship-building with districts/teachers, ongoing support, and different amounts of time specific to the context(s) they are serving.
Crosscurrents: Welfare
Authors: Kaun Anne , Lomborg Stine , Pentzold Christian , Allhutter Doris , Sztandar-Sztanderska Karolina
Published: February 2023

In this crosscurrent contribution, we approach the notion of welfare through the lens of the data welfare state. We, further, suggest that datafied welfare can be fruitfully studied with the capabilities approach to better understand how ideas and values of data welfare intersect with and may allow for the ‘good’ life and human flourishing. The main aim is to highlight the deep-seated changes of the welfare state that emerge with the delegation of care and control tasks to algorithmic systems and the automation based on datafication practices. Welfare provision is undergoing major shifts that imply fundamentally rethinking the role of technology that supports and enhances welfare with the help of data.
Embedded agency: A critique of negative liberty and free markets
Authors: Saner Senem
Published: February 2023

The concept of negative liberty as non-interference is operative in the concept of a free market and stipulates that market relations remain outside the purview of social control. As a purported self-regulating system, however, the market functions as a system of necessity that facilitates and rules social life. I argue that Isaiah Berlin’s defense of negative liberty leads to a paradox as it entails subjection to the external necessity of a self-regulating market. The argument for the self-defeating nature of negative liberty relies on two philosophical insights that have their roots in G. W. F. Hegel’s theory of self-determination. First, negative liberty fails to account for the inner and outer conditions of freedom and thus reduces to mere whim or arbitrariness, subject to heteronomous forces but masquerading as license. Second, individual freedom is intersubjectively mediated in its deliberative process and framed by social and political institutions in its exercise; thus, free agency must be theorized as embedded agency. I challenge the association of freedom and the market and the automatic and unchallenged implication of deregulation and freedom. Deregulation, rather, leaves the community’s future development to the whims of economic players using a rhetoric of freedom as both lure and principle.
Three-Year Field Performance of a Low Volume Road With 100% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Cold Mix With Rejuvenator
Authors: Wu Shenghua , Marty Cade
Published: February 2023

In the pavement construction industry, 100% reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has not been widely adopted, although it is a sustainable technique that can significantly contribute to the ambitious goal of carbon neutralization. The field performance of this technology is rarely well documented, resulting in a lack of confidence in using it. To address the gap, this paper presents three-year field performance monitoring of a low volume road that used 100% RAP cold mix with a rejuvenator. A three-round distress survey was conducted for 7, 22, and 34 months of service, and the effects of staged construction and edge compaction on the road conditions were evaluated to determine the best practice in paving with 100% RAP with rejuvenator. The change of pavement condition index with time was constructed to better understand the performance evolution of a low volume road in a warm and non-freeze climate zone. Based on the three-year field performance data, it was found that the major distresses were weathering and raveling and neither cracking nor rutting was observed. This study recommends enhancing compaction efforts during the construction stage to achieve a better in-place density and completion of mixing and compaction on the same day for better durability and field performance. As a low-cost solution, the application of 100% RAP with rejuvenator is feasible for a low volume road that is located in a wet and non-freeze climate zone.
An Organizational Assessment of 34 Home Delivered Meals Programs that Engaged and Assisted Homebound Individuals With Obtaining the COVID-19 Vaccine During the Pandemic
Authors: Guglielmo Dana , Cloud Jennifer , Trejo Laura , Baca Chris , Smith Lisa V. , Shetgiri Rashmi , Kuo Tony ,   Homebound Data Workgroup
Published: February 2023

Vaccinating homebound individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic presented several challenges, including time and cost of engaging this group. In Los Angeles County, the departments of Public Health and Aging and Disabilities turned to home delivered meals programs (HDMs) for help with this public health priority. A mixed-method organizational assessment of 34 HDMs was conducted during March–April 2022 to describe these efforts. Most HDMs were nonprofit (67.6%) and had <25 staff (58.8%). Overall, they served a large catchment area before and during COVID-19, providing services to an estimated total of 24,995 clients/week and delivering 19,511 meals/day. A majority (82.4%) reported engaging their clients to facilitate COVID-19 vaccinations. As of early 2022, <6% of these HDMs’ homebound clients were unvaccinated. These programs’ efforts to assist older individuals who were homebound during the pandemic represent a potentially underutilized model of public-nonprofit/not-for-profit partnership for improving vaccine delivery and uptake in this hard-to-reach population.
“AI Am Here to Represent You”: Understanding How Institutional Logics Shape Attitudes Toward Intelligent Technologies in Legal Work
Authors: Fang Chengyu , Wilkenfeld J. Nan , Navick Nitzan , Gibbs Jennifer L.
Published: February 2023

The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in work is increasingly common across industries and professions. This study explores professional discourse around perceptions and use of intelligent technologies in the legal industry. Drawing on institutional theory, we conducted 30 semi-structured interviews with legal professionals and semi-professionals in varying roles including lawyers, law librarians, legal staff (paralegals, document clerks), and law students. Their discursive accounts provided evidence for three institutional logics—expertise, accessibility, and efficiency—that guided their understanding and use of AI. Our analysis further revealed that legal professionals and semi-professionals held contradictory attitudes towards intelligent technologies and invoked contradictory institutional logics. These findings contribute to theory on institutional logics and digital transformation, providing insights into how occupational roles and institutional logics shape professionals’ discursive construction of intelligent technologies, and how discursive tensions are redefining professional boundaries and contributing to institutional change in knowledge-intensive work.
Experimental and numerical studies on bending characteristics of woven CFRP reinforced aluminum thin-walled automotive structures
Authors: Chen Guang , Han Duo , Zhang Junyuan , Jing Guoxi , Sun Xiuxiu
Published: February 2023

Metal/composite hybrid thin-walled structure is the most preferential approach to achieve dual contradictive objectives of high crashworthiness and lightweight of auto body. Its collapse with regard to different fiber layup patterns is one of the governing mechanisms of energy dissipation, which is yet to be explored. Especially, the effect of different fiber layup angles and layup sequences on bending collapse, which is one of the most significant performance indicators, has received little attention. To this gap, this study investigates experimentally and numerically the bending characteristics of aluminum/carbon fiber reinforced plastic (Al/CFRP) hybrid structures with different layup angles and layup sequences. To start with, three-point bending tests are carried out on specimens to derive the bending failure behavior and crashworthiness, and the internal section damage is observed by CT scan. Finite element model is then constructed and benchmarked against the test results to be proficient. On this basis, the effects of Al thickness, number of CFRP layers and CFRP wrapping range on the bending performance of hybrid tube are analyzed numerically. The simulation results show that layup angle has greater effect on the bending performance than layup sequence. Increasing Al thickness and the number of CFRP layers can effectively improve the bending resistance of structure, and appropriate partial wrapping of CFRP can increase the specific energy absorption (SEA) by 10.92% compared with that of complete wrapping. The revelation from this study provides sound reference for the crashworthiness design of metal/composite hybrid thin-walled structure.
Numerical investigation of trailing edge losses in transonic ORC turbines
Authors: Bilgiç Mustafa , Yasa Tolga , Baran Özgür U , Aksel Mehmet H
Published: February 2023

Profile loss that contributes 1/3 of their total loss is one of the major sources of entropy within the turbine blades. Understanding loss mechanisms and accurate prediction of them play critical role in turbine design. In this study, the loss mechanisms within the two-dimensional axial flow turbine passage, whose working fluid is R134a, are computationally investigated. Firstly, the numerical model is experimentally validated with VKI LS89 and LS59 cascades for air flow by examining the variation of the total pressure loss for various exit Mach numbers of the cascades. Then, the real gas deviations of the aerodynamic loss generation for the case of R134a organic fluid from the ideal gas flow with air are investigated. It is observed that the results obtained using the ideal gas approach of R134a fluid do not provide significant deviations from the results obtained using air. The major difference appears when the inlet state of the real gas approaches the saturation line having low compressibility factors. As the compressibility factor decreases while going away from the ideal gas state, due to having high density, the Reynolds number increases. The shock losses behind the trailing edge decreases up to inlet compressibility factor of 0.7 but then they increase continuously with the decreasing compressibility factor. The compressibility factor and Reynolds number which are two driving mechanisms for the loss generation within turbine passage are investigated separately. It is observed that the total pressure loss decreases by 5% as the compressibility value goes from 1 to 0.7, and increases by about 50% as it goes from 0.7 to 0.4. According to the results obtained from the study, the loss correlations extracted for the ideal gas should be corrected when R134a gas is used. Finally, a curve that is fitted to the numerical results is offered to correct the profile loss coefficient for air flow.
The Relationship Between Parental Attachment and Career Aspirations in Indian Female Undergraduate Students
Authors: Bhatia Avantika , Rana Simran , Gregor Margo
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the present study was to examine the career aspirations of Indian female undergraduate students, by utilizing a theoretical framework integrating Attachment Theory and Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT). Data were collected from 157 female Indian undergraduate students at a Liberal Studies college in India to study the contribution of self-reported maternal and paternal attachment security in predicting career aspirations. In particular, the mediating effects of student-reported self-esteem and career decision self-efficacy were examined in the relationship between their perceptions of maternal and paternal attachment security and career aspirations. Secure attachment to mothers, but not fathers, was found to relate to self-esteem and career decision self-efficacy, which in turn predicted career aspirations. Findings from the study contribute to the literature on career aspirations of women in India and lend support for the integration of attachment theory and SCCT. Future research and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
“He Loves Me Hard and Then He Abuses Me Hard”: How Service Providers Define and Explain Trauma Bonds Among Sex Trafficking Survivors
Authors: Casassa Kaitlin , Ploss, Alexa , Karandikar Sharvari
Published: February 2023

There is a dearth of research on trauma bonding among victims of sex trafficking. This study aims to fill this gap by seeking to understand how service providers working with survivors of sex trafficking conceptualize and observe trauma bonding in their clients. This qualitative study involved interviews with 10 participants. Purposeful sampling was employed among licensed social workers or counselors. Two themes emerged: defining trauma bonding (with four subthemes: embracing intensity, power imbalance, distortion of love, and inescapability) and the development of trauma bonds (with three subthemes: universality, gendered, and grooming). These findings provide much-needed insight into the complexities of trauma bonding.
Phenolic content and oxidative stability of chocolates produced with roasted and unroasted cocoa beans
Authors: Cerit İnci , Demirkol Omca , Avcı Ayşe , Arkan Betül Sena
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to produce chocolate using roasted (RB) and unroasted cocoa beans (URB). The effect of roasting on the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) values], phenolic compounds, caffeine, oxidative stability [free fatty acid, peroxide, conjugated dienes, conjugated trienes, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)], Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) analysis of both cocoa beans and chocolate samples were analyzed. According to the results, the TPC of URB (24.96 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample) was higher than roasted beans (21.32 mg GAE/g sample). Similar results were also seen in the TPC of chocolate samples. Although roasting did not affect the DPPH scavenging activity and caffeine content of cocoa beans, it decreased FRAP and CUPRAC values. (-)-Epicatechin and chlorogenic acid values were higher in unroasted bean and chocolate samples, but the amount of gallic acid increased with the roasting process. Free fatty acid, peroxide, conjugated dienes, conjugated trienes, and TBARS results of unroasted samples were lower than roasted ones, indicating better oxidative stability. The melting temperatures of cocoa beans changed with roasting while it was similar between chocolate samples. Composition of the beans and the chocolate samples were qualitatively determined with FTIR.
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Evidence of Prefrontal Regulation of Cognitive Flexibility in Adults With ADHD
Authors: Li Yaojin , Chen Jianwen , Zheng Xintong , Liu Jianxiu , Peng Cong , Liao Youguo
Published: February 2023

Background:

Executive function (EF) deficit is considered to be a core cognitive deficit in ADHD. The current study combined functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and numerical switching tasks to investigate the cognitive flexibility of adult ADHD as an important part of EF.

Material and Methods:

The Wender Utah Rating Scale and the adult ADHD self-rating scale were respectively used to assess ADHD symptoms in childhood and adulthood. A 22 adults with ADHD and 24 healthy controls (HCs) participated in the large/small and odd/even switching tasks.

Results:

Behavioral results were indicative of the ADHD switch costs being lower than the HCs. The fNIRS results also showed that ADHD’s frontal eye field was over-activated both in magnitude and switched judgment tasks. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was also over-activated in magnitude judgment tasks.

Conclusion:

These results revealed that adults with ADHD’s cognitive flexibility performed better than the HCs, which result is different from mainstream ideas that EF is a core deficit in ADHD.
European Youth Dialogue as a Governmental Technology: Construction of the Youth Voice
Authors: Pušnik Tomaž
Published: February 2023

In recent years, the EU Youth Dialogue (EUYD) gained significant popularization as an important political mechanism through which young people in dialogue with policymakers from the local to the EU level jointly formulate youth policies. In an ethnographic study of the sixth cycle of the EUYD, I applied the Foucauldian analytics of government to analyze how the voice was constructed. In contrast to the representations that EUYD annuls hierarchies and offers a space for equal discussion between young people and policymakers, thus producing a genuine voice, I argue that the construction of the voice is always under the influence of various power relations that form specific voices. I illuminate how, through concrete techniques and micro-practices, EUYD worked as a disciplinary technology that sought a docile voice of the youth and at the same time offered a space for shaping the subjectivity of young delegates as active and responsible EU citizens.
Selective laser capsulotomy complications: Management and prevention
Authors: Romano Vito , Romano Davide , Iaria Antonio , Rovati Marco , Semeraro Francesco
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To report how to manage and prevent the incomplete laser cut and following uncut tags of anterior capsular lens, performed using the selective laser capsulotomy.

Methods

We describe three possible approaches: peeling the anterior capsulotomy disc with forceps, breaking the tags using the cystotomy needle tip, or cutting them using a 23-G vitrectomy scissors.

Results

Using the 23-G vitrectomy scissors resulted in no complication. Peeling the anterior capsulotomy using the forceps instead caused zonular stress with subsequent risks of zonular dialysis, whereas using the cystotomy needle tip resulted in irregular capsulotomy rim and weakness all along the capsulotomy edge where micro tears caused a tear during the rest of cataract surgery.

Conclusion

Incomplete laser cut and subsequent discontinuous capsulotomy results in the presence of multiple tags which create strong adherence between the central capsulotomy disc and the peripheral capsule. Key steps of the procedure to prevent an incomplete laser cut, which are the anterior lens capsule staining and laser beam focusing, and how to correctly manage them, which may shorten the learning curve and enhance the outcomes.
‘Without support CALD patients will be left behind’: A mixed-methods exploration of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) client perspectives of telehealth and those of their healthcare providers
Authors: Brady Bernadette , Saberi Golsa , Santalucia Yvonne , Gorgees Paul , Nguyen Tran Thao , Le Hien , Sidhu Balwinder
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The rapid adoption of telehealth during the global pandemic has the potential to widen disparities for culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) consumers. We explored the perspectives and experiences of CALD consumers accessing telehealth during the global pandemic and those of their healthcare providers.

Methods

A multistakeholder mixed-methods study involving two parallel samples comprising consumer–participants ( n = 56) and healthcare provider–participants ( n = 81). Multicultural consumer–participants, recruited from consecutive referrals to Health Language Services for telehealth support, were assisted to complete two surveys (before and after their clinical telehealth appointment) in their preferred language. A purposive sample of consumer–participants was interviewed to understand their perceived barriers and enablers of successful telehealth consultations. Simultaneously, all healthcare providers within the local health district were eligible to participate in an online survey if they had provided telehealth care to a consumer during the recruitment period. Closed-ended responses were descriptively summarised, while open-ended responses and interview transcripts were analysed thematically.

Results

Despite 86% of consumer–participants inexperienced with telehealth, 80% achieved a successful appointment with a healthcare provider. Consumer perceptions were shaped by cultural and diagnostic concepts of legitimacy, in the context of known accessibility and technology literacy challenges. Healthcare provider perspectives were less favourable towards telehealth, with equity of healthcare delivery a major concern.

Discussion

Our findings highlight unintended consequences arising from a rapid transition to telehealth. Adopting collaborative approaches to the design and implementation of telehealth is imperative to mitigate health inequities faced by CALD communities and maximise their opportunity to realise potential health benefits associated with telehealth.
Serendipity on radio and streaming: Between musical discovery and recognition
Authors: Kischinhevsky Marcelo , Ferreira Gustavo , Vieira Itala Maduell
Published: February 2023

This article seeks to discuss, within the scope of radio and audio media studies, how serendipity articulates discovery, memory and recognition, standing at the heart of current Music Streaming Platforms’ rhetoric and musical culture. Fortuitous discovery mobilizes affections and helps to build bonds (either with platforms or radio stations), representing a major role in music innovation and circulation. Combining a range of current Global South references with critical theories on media and memory, we address similarities and differences between music programming and curation on radio and streaming, refuting computer scientists’ ambition to engineer serendipitous experiences and highlighting that serendipity must be correlated with the listeners’ sociocultural background. We conclude that acknowledging the complexity of serendipity opens doors for thinking of critical issues concerning musical consumption, conditions of listening, identity, representation and audio media agency. These are central themes in restructuring of the music industry, in a context of platformization.
Exploring the impact educational interventions have on nursing and medical students’ attitudes and empathy levels towards people with disability. A systematic review
Authors: Evans William , Lisiecka Dominika , Farrell Dawn
Published: February 2023

This systematic review aimed to explore the impact educational interventions have on undergraduate nursing and medical students' attitudes and empathy levels towards people with disability. There are over one billion people with some form of disability currently. A growing body of research reveals that nurses and doctors display negative attitudes including decreased empathy towards people with disability. A systematic review using narrative synthesis of chosen randomized controlled trials was employed. A comprehensive search was completed in June 2021 on six databases (CINAHL, Medline, Science Direct, Health Research Premium - PROQUEST, Scopus. Cochrane Library). The search strategy yielded 21,616 studies and only three randomised controlled trials fulfilled the eligibility criteria. These trials included 125 participants ( n = 50 medical students and n = 75 nursing students) and evaluated the effectiveness of a disabled health course, disability education module with bedside teaching and wheelchair workshop intervention. Findings from one study revealed that a disabled health course using affective learning method based on a transformative learning theory significantly improves attitudes to disability amongst nursing students however there was no statistically significant difference in empathy levels. More high-quality randomised controlled trials with greater theoretical and methodological complexity are needed to identify more effective educational approaches that enhance attitude and empathy levels of these key stakeholders.
The construction of family memory through activist engagement: The case of relatives of the disappeared in Spain
Authors: Smaoui Sélim
Published: February 2023

Since the early 2000s, Spain has been shaken by mobilizations of “victims of Francoism,” promoting the memory of past violence. In this article, instead of apprehending such mobilizations as a sudden public display of private accounts, as is often stated, I contend that the “memory of Franco’s repression” is rather produced and constructed by the dynamics of mobilization. In order to demonstrate this, I analyze the process that led Spanish citizens to engage in defending the memory of the victims of Francoism, with a particular focus on the commitment of the relatives of the “disappeared.” While one might assume that these actors were the bearers of pre-existing family memory, they were content to disseminate in the public space on the occasion of their commitment; I argue quite the contrary: it is the experiences lived during the specific time of mobilization (social interactions, expert socializations, memorial activities) that have forged their status as relatives of the disappeared while profoundly reconfiguring their family memory.