bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ferroptosis: A new therapeutic target for bladder cancer
Authors: Zeng Fan , Lan Yunping , Wang Ning , Huang Xiaobo , Zhou Qiao , Wang Yi
Published: November 2022

Bladder cancer (BC) is the most frequent type of urinary system cancer. The prognosis of BC is poor due to high metastasis rates and multidrug resistance. Hence, development of novel therapies targeting BC cell death is urgently needed. As a novel cell death type with strong antitumor potential, ferroptosis has been investigated by many groups for its potential in BC treatment. As an iron-dependent cell death process, ferroptosis is characterized by excessive oxidative phospholipids. The molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis include iron overload and the system Xc-GSH-GPX4 signaling pathway. A recent study revealed that ferroptosis is involved in the metastasis, treatment, and prognosis of BC. Herein, in this review, we comprehensively summarize the mechanism of ferroptosis, address newly identified targets involved in ferroptosis, and discuss the potential of new clinical therapies targeting ferroptosis in BC.
Highway to heal: Influence of altered extracellular matrix on infiltrating immune cells during acute and chronic lung diseases
Authors: Joglekar Mugdha M. , Nizamoglu Mehmet , Fan YiWen , Nemani Sai Sneha Priya , Weckmann Markus , Pouwels Simon D. , Heijink Irene H. , Melgert Barbro N. , Pillay Janesh , Burgess Janette K.
Published: November 2022

Environmental insults including respiratory infections, in combination with genetic predisposition, may lead to lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung fibrosis, asthma, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Common characteristics of these diseases are infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells and abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, leading to tissue damage and impairments in lung function. The ECM provides three-dimensional (3D) architectural support to the lung and crucial biochemical and biophysical cues to the cells, directing cellular processes. As immune cells travel to reach any site of injury, they encounter the composition and various mechanical features of the ECM. Emerging evidence demonstrates the crucial role played by the local environment in recruiting immune cells and their function in lung diseases. Moreover, recent developments in the field have elucidated considerable differences in responses of immune cells in two-dimensional versus 3D modeling systems. Examining the effect of individual parameters of the ECM to study their effect independently and collectively in a 3D microenvironment will help in better understanding disease pathobiology. In this article, we discuss the importance of investigating cellular migration and recent advances in this field. Moreover, we summarize changes in the ECM in lung diseases and the potential impacts on infiltrating immune cell migration in these diseases. There has been compelling progress in this field that encourages further developments, such as advanced in vitro 3D modeling using native ECM-based models, patient-derived materials, and bioprinting. We conclude with an overview of these state-of-the-art methodologies, followed by a discussion on developing novel and innovative models and the practical challenges envisaged in implementing and utilizing these systems.
Elevated Ca2+ at the triad junction underlies dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling in dysferlin-null skeletal muscle
Authors: Lukyanenko Valeriy , Muriel Joaquin , Garman Daniel , Breydo Leonid , Bloch Robert J.
Published: November 2022

Dysferlin-null A/J myofibers generate abnormal Ca2+ transients that are slightly reduced in amplitude compared to controls. These are further reduced in amplitude by hypoosmotic shock and often appear as Ca2+ waves (Lukyanenko et al., J. Physiol., 2017). Ca2+ waves are typically associated with Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, or CICR, which can be myopathic. We tested the ability of a permeable Ca2+ chelator, BAPTA-AM, to inhibit CICR in injured dysferlin-null fibers and found that 10–50 nM BAPTA-AM suppressed all Ca2+ waves. The same concentrations of BAPTA-AM increased the amplitude of the Ca2+ transient in A/J fibers to wild type levels and protected transients against the loss of amplitude after hypoosmotic shock, as also seen in wild type fibers. Incubation with 10 nM BAPTA-AM led to intracellular BAPTA concentrations of ∼60 nM, as estimated with its fluorescent analog, Fluo-4AM. This should be sufficient to restore intracellular Ca2+ to levels seen in wild type muscle. Fluo-4AM was ∼10-fold less effective than BAPTA-AM, however, consistent with its lower affinity for Ca2+. EGTA, which has an affinity for Ca2+ similar to BAPTA, but with much slower kinetics of binding, was even less potent when introduced as the -AM derivative. By contrast, a dysferlin variant with GCaMP6fu in place of its C2A domain accumulated at triad junctions, like wild type dysferlin, and suppressed all abnormal Ca2+ signaling. GCaMP6fu introduced as a Venus chimera did not accumulate at junctions and failed to suppress abnormal Ca2+ signaling. Our results suggest that leak of Ca2+ into the triad junctional cleft underlies dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling in dysferlin-null myofibers, and that dysferlin’s C2A domain suppresses abnormal Ca2+ signaling and protects muscle against injury by binding Ca2+ in the cleft.
Roles of electrical impedance tomography in lung transplantation
Authors: Jiang Hui , Han Yijiao , Zheng Xia , Fang Qiang
Published: November 2022

Lung transplantation is the preferred treatment method for patients with end-stage pulmonary disease. However, several factors hinder the progress of lung transplantation, including donor shortages, candidate selection, and various postoperative complications. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a functional imaging tool that can be used to evaluate pulmonary ventilation and perfusion at the bedside. Among patients after lung transplantation, monitoring the graft’s pulmonary function is one of the most concerning issues. The feasible application of EIT in lung transplantation has been reported over the past few years, and this technique has gained increasing interest from multidisciplinary researchers. Nevertheless, physicians still lack knowledge concerning the potential applications of EIT in lung transplantation. We present an updated review of EIT in lung transplantation donors and recipients over the past few years, and discuss the potential use of ventilation- and perfusion-monitoring-based EIT in lung transplantation.
Eight weeks of core stability training improves landing kinetics for freestyle skiing aerials athletes
Authors: Wei Ming , Fan Yongzhao , Lu Zulei , Niu Xuesong , Wu Hao
Published: November 2022

Freestyle skiing aerials are characterized by technical elements including strength, flexibility and balance. Core stability in aerials can improve sporting performance. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of 8 weeks of core stability training on core stability performance in aerials. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to a control group (CG; n = 4male + 5female; age 15.89 ± 1.54 years; height 163.11 ± 6.19 cm; weight 55.33 ± 5.07 Kg) and a training group (TG; n = 4male+5female; age 16.11 ± 2.47 years; height 161.56 ± 5.25 cm; weight 57.56 ± 8.11 Kg). Body shape, the performance of core stability, and landing kinetics were measured after 8 weeks of core stability training. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare baseline values between groups. A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (time × group) was used. Results: The TG improved body shape, and waist circumference (t = −2.333, p = 0.020). Performance of core stability, squat (t = −4.082, p = 0.004), trunk flexion isometric test (t = −4.150, p = 0.003), trunk lateral bending isometric test (t = −2.668, p = 0.008), trunk rotation isometric test (t = −2.666, p = 0.008), side bridge (t = −2.666, p = 0.008), back hyperextension (t = −4.116, p = 0.003), single foot triple jump (t = −4.184, p = 0.003), and single-leg balance with eyes closed (t = 4.167, p = 0.003). Performance in landing kinetics, End/Phase (t = −4.015, p = 0.004), sagittal axes (t = −4.598, p = 0.002), frontal axis (t = 3.116, p = 0.014), peak power hip changing range (t = 2.666, p = 0.017), peak power knee changing range (t = 2.256, p = 0.049). Conclusion: Core stability training leads to improvements in body shape, the performance of core stability, and landing kinetics. Therefore, these improvements can improve the sporting performance in aerials competitions.
Dietary choline, via gut microbe- generated trimethylamine-N- oxide, aggravates chronic kidney disease-induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting hypoxia-induced factor 1α
Authors: Xie Feifei , Zhen Xin , Liu Zhuoliang , Chen Xiaomei , Liu Zhuanhua , Zhou Miaomiao , Zhou Zhanmei , Hu Zheng , Zhu Fengxin , Huang Qiaobing , Zhang Lei , Nie Jing
Published: November 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem that shortens lifespan primarily by increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota-derived toxin produced by metabolizing high-choline or carnitine foods, is associated with cardiovascular events in patients with CKD. Although the deleterious effect of TMAO on CKD-induced cardiac injury has been confirmed by various researches, the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that TMAO aggravates CKD-induced cardiac injury and explores the potential mechanism. CD1 mice underwent 5/6 nephrectomy to induce CKD, and then fed with a diet supplemented with choline (1.2% total) for 8 weeks. Serum TMAO levels were elevated in CKD mice compared with SHAM group, and higher TMAO levels were found in choline-supplemented CKD mice compared with CKD group. Dietary choline aggravated CKD-induced cardiac dysfunction, and reducing TMAO levels via medicinal charcoal tablets improved cardiac dysfunction. RNA-seq analysis revealed that dietary choline affected cardiac angiogenesis in CKD mice. Reduced cardiac capillary density and expressions of angiogenesis-related genes were observed in choline-treated CKD mice. Furthermore, dietary choline inhibited cardiac Hif-1α protein level in CKD mice, and Hif-1α stabilizer FG-4592 could improve cardiac angiogenesis and dysfunction in CKD mice on a high-choline diet. In conclusion, these data indicate that dietary choline, via gut microbe-generated TMAO, inhibits cardiac angiogenesis by reducing Hif-1α protein level, ultimately aggravates cardiac dysfunction in CKD mice.
Establishment of discrete element flexible model of the tiller taro plant and clamping and pulling experiment
Authors: Wanru Liu , Guozhong Zhang , Yong Zhou , Haopeng Liu , Nanrui Tang , Qixin Kang , Zhuangzhuang Zhao
Published: November 2022

The taro harvesting process is affected by a complex system composed of particle mechanics system and multi-body dynamics system. The discrete element method(DEM) can effectively solve the nonlinear problem of the interaction between harvesting components and working materials. Therefore, the discrete element model of taro tiller plants is of great importance for taro harvesting. This paper proposes a simulation method to establish a discrete element flexible plant model and dynamic clamping and pulling process of taro tiller plant. Discrete Element models of taro corm and flexible tiller petiole and leaf were established using DEM method, and the discrete element flexible model of the taro plant was established. Taro clamping and pulling force testing platform was designed and built. The single factor and Plackett-Burman experiments were used to determine the simulation parameters and optimize the taro plant model by taking the correlation coefficient of clamping force and correlation coefficient of pulling force collected from the simulation and the bench experiment as the experiment index. The parameter calibration results of discrete element model of taro plant are as follows: petiole-petiole method/tangential contact stiffness was 8.15×109 N·m-3, and normal/tangential critical stress was 6.65×106 Pa. The contact stiffness of pseudostem- corm method was 1.22×109 N·m-3, the critical stress of normal/tangential was 1.18×105 Pa, and the energy of soil surface was 4.15×106J·m-3. When the pulling speed is 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 m·s-1, the correlation coefficients between the simulation experiment and the bench experiment are 0.812, 0.850, 0.770, 0.697 and 0.652, respectively. The average value of correlation coefficient is 0.756, indicating that the simulated discrete element plant model is close to the real plant model. The discrete element model of taro plant established in this paper has high reliability. The final purpose of this paper is to provide a model reference for the design and optimization of taro harvester by discrete element method.
Evolutionary history and patterns of geographical variation, fertility, and hybridization in Stuckenia (Potamogetonaceae)
Authors: Fehrer Judith , Nagy Nejedlá Michaela , Hellquist C. Barre , Bobrov Alexander A. , Kaplan Zdenek
Published: November 2022

Aquatic plant species are often widespread, even across continents. They pose a challenge to species delimitation and taxonomy due to their reduced morphology and high phenotypic plasticity. These difficulties are even more pronounced in the case of interspecific hybridization. We investigate the aquatic plant genus Stuckenia for the first time on a worldwide scale. Expert species determination is aided by sequencing of nuclear ribosomal ITS and 5S-NTS regions and the plastid intergenic spacers rpl20-5’rps12 and trnT–trnL. Nuclear markers are used to infer hybridization, and the maternal origin of hybrids is addressed with plastid markers. Pure species are subjected to phylogenetic analyses. Two main Stuckenia lineages are found: one consists of S. amblyphylla, S. filiformis, S. pamirica, and S. vaginata, the other includes S. pectinata and S. striata. The widespread species S. pectinata, S. filiformis, and S. vaginata show intraspecific genetic variation, which is structured geographically. Many intraspecific hybrids, which are usually fertile, occur between those genotypes. Interspecific hybrids, which are consistently sterile, are detected among all widespread species; some are reported for the first time in several countries and regions. They originated multiple times from reciprocal crosses and reflect the geographical origins of parental genotypes. Intraspecific genetic variation can be higher than interspecific differences between closely related species. Comparison of phenotypic variation in the field and in cultivation with genotypic variation shows that numerous conspicuous forms have been overestimated taxonomically. These are resolved as phenotypes responding to unusual environments, have recurrently evolved adaptations, or represent extreme forms of continuous variation of the recognized species. However, some specific regional lineages, which have evolved from variable species, may be interpreted as early steps of the speciation process. Hybridization has been underestimated in some regions as a source of Stuckenia diversity, and the respective hybrid plants have been misidentified as intraspecific taxa or even as separate species. Many erroneous entries in sequence databases are detected and summarized. This work provides a sound basis for species delimitation and hybrid recognition in this difficult genus.
Down-regulation of NCED leads to the accumulation of carotenoids in the flesh of F1 generation of peach hybrid
Authors: Song Haiyan , Liu Junhong , Chen Chaoqun , Zhang Yao , Tang Wenjing , Yang Wenlong , Chen Hongxu , Li Mengyao , Jiang Guoliang , Sun Shuxia , Li Jing , Tu Meiyan , Wang Lingli , Xu Zihong , Gong Ronggao , Chen Dong
Published: November 2022

Flesh color is an important target trait in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] breeding. In this study, two white-fleshed peach cultivars were crossed [Changsong Whitepeach (WP-1) × ‘Xiacui’], and their hybrid F1 generation showed color segregation of white flesh (BF1) and yellow flesh (HF1). Metabolome analysis revealed that the flesh color segregation in the hybrid F1 generation was related to the carotenoid content. The decrease in β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin in BF1 flesh and increase in β-cryptoxanthin oleate, rubixanthin caprate, rubixanthin laurate and zeaxanthin dipalmitate in HF1 flesh contributed to their difference in carotenoid accumulation. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that compared with BF1, HF1 showed significant up-regulation and down-regulation of ZEP and CCD8 at the core-hardening stage, respectively, while significant down-regulation of NCED in the whole fruit development stage. The down-regulation of NCED might inhibit the breakdown of the violaxanthin and its upstream substances and further promote the accumulation of carotenoids, resulting in yellow flesh. Therefore, NCED may be a key gene controlling the fruit color traits of peach. In this study, targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics were used to jointly explore the mechanism controlling the fruit color of peach, which may help to identify the key genes for the differences in carotenoid accumulation and provide a reference for the breeding of yellow-fleshed peach.
The impact of social phobia on willingness to communicate in a second language: The mediation effect of ideal L2 self
Authors: Zhang Chen , Zhang Wenzhong
Published: November 2022

In recent years, a greater focus has been placed on the influential power of domain-general psychological properties in second language acquisition and learning. The investigations of these properties, such as grit, academic procrastination and enjoyment etc. have been extensively conducted and are well-documented. Notwithstanding the surge of academic inquiry, the link between psychopathological notions and second language learning has not been adequately established and thoroughly scrutinized. The current study, therefore, aims to broaden the spectrum of second language research and explore the impact of social phobia on willingness to communicate in the second language context. Meanwhile, this research introduces the self-construct, particularly the ideal L2 self to further examine and elucidate the impact. 173 qualified Chinese speakers of L2 English participated in the study. By conducting correlation analysis, regression analysis and structural equation modelling analysis, it was revealed that social phobia had a significant negative impact on L2 willingness to communicate in social situations of meetings and public speaking. Ideal L2 self acted as a complete mediating role in the impact. Pedagogical implications and future directions were proposed and discussed.
Supervisory styles and graduate student innovation performance: The mediating role of psychological capital and the moderating role of harmonious academic passion
Authors: Yang Bingbing , Bao Shuimei , Xu Juan
Published: November 2022

Supervisory styles Are Key predictors of graduate students’ innovation performance (GSIP), but the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship require further exploration. Based on the job demands-resources model and conservation of resources theory, this study analyzed the influence of supervisory styles on GSIP, including the mediating role of psychological capital (PsyCap) and the moderating role of harmonious academic passion (HAP). Questionnaires were completed by 400 graduate students from a Chinese university. The results indicated that (1) both supportive and directive supervisory styles (SSS and DSS) were positively related To GSIP, (2) PsyCap fully mediated the relationship between SSS and GSIP, and (3) HAP significantly moderated the effect of DSS but exhibited no moderating influence on the effect of SSS. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of why, how and when supervisory styles influence GSIP. Implications for both theory and practice as well as the limitations of this research are discussed.
Promoting participatory research in chronicity: The ESPRIMO biopsychosocial intervention for young adults with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Donisi Valeria , Poli Silvia , Mazzi Maria Angela , Gobbin Francesca , Schena Federico , Del Piccolo Lidia , Bigardi Valeria , Gajofatto Alberto , Rimondini Michela
Published: November 2022

Background

Co-creation allows to develop tailored interventions in chronicity and to increase patients’ engagement. Considering the interacting nature of physical, psychological, and social domains in multiple sclerosis (MS), a biopsychosocial approach to care is crucial.

Aims

This paper aims to present (i) an example of a co-creation process in the context of chronic diseases (ii) preferences and perspectives of young adults with multiple sclerosis (YawMS; aged 18–45) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) on the relevance, objectives, and modalities of a biopsychosocial intervention (named ESPRIMO) and on strategies/barriers to participation.

Methods

A participatory mixed-method approach in three consecutive steps was implemented: online surveys with YawMS (n = 121) and HCPs (n = 43), online focus groups (FGs) with YawMS, consultation with an advisory board (AB) composed by YawMS, HCPs and researchers. For the survey, descriptive statistics and inductive content analysis have been used for quantitative and qualitative analysis, respectively. FGs and AB were used to deepen the understanding of the survey’s results.

Results

An integrated intervention is extremely relevant according to the perspectives of the main stakeholders. Helping disease acceptance, providing stress management strategies, and supporting emotional expression emerged as the most relevant psychological objectives according to participants. Having tangible benefits, being tailored, and fostering interpersonal relationships emerged as the main preferred characteristics of physical activity. Preferences emerged on the modalities and timing of the intervention, with a venue unrelated to the disease strongly supported. Both HCPs and YawMS highlighted as the most valuable advantages of conducting the intervention online the increased accessibility, while the main limit was the restriction to social interaction (recognized as already limited during the COVID-19 pandemic). Accessibility and lack of time resulted as the main barriers to participation.

Conclusion

The co-creation process gave valuable information on preferences and perspectives of main stakeholders on objectives, modalities, and strategies to improve participation which has been used in the design of the ESPRIMO biopsychosocial intervention. Those results might inform future intervention development in the field of chronicity. The current paper outlined a co-creation methodology which might be replicated in future research on other conditions of vulnerability.
Entrepreneurship education of college students and entrepreneurial psychology of new entrepreneurs under causal attribution theory
Authors: Xie Shuming , Luo Jie , Zheng Yixin , Ma Chongyang
Published: November 2022

With the rapid development of information technology, the society’s demand for innovative talents has become increasingly prominent. The purpose of this study is to optimize the teaching strategies of entrepreneurship education for college students, further cultivate college students’ entrepreneurial ideas, and promote the formation of entrepreneurial values. The problems existing in entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities are studied based on entrepreneurial psychology and attribution theory. A questionnaire survey is conducted on the problems with a high probability of entrepreneurial failure of college students. The heads of new ventures in Xi’an are selected. Then, 300 questionnaires are distributed, and 209 are returned. The survey results are analyzed using failure attribution and failure learning. Suggestions are provided for management strategies of new ventures. The results show that the Corrected Item-Total Correlation (CITC) value of R−1 is 0.65, and the CITC value of R−2 is 0.35. In addition, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) values of entrepreneurial failure attribution and entrepreneurial failure mode are both greater than 0.7, which indicates that the scale of entrepreneurial failure attribution has good validity and can be used for factor analysis. However, the KMO values of entrepreneurial failure attribution and entrepreneurial failure learning model are both greater than 0.7, and the significance of Bartlett sphericity test is 0.00, which indicates that the survey has good validity. The research has practical application and reference value for the cultivation of college students’ innovative and entrepreneurial ability.
“I am willing to do both well”: Chinese academic mothers facing tension in family and career
Authors: Bao Li , Wang Guanghua
Published: November 2022

Academic mothers perform intersected roles. They carry out their profession in workplaces, while they take the “second shift” of motherhood back to their families. The contested expectations in family and career built by the heterosexual matrix cause tension to academic mothers. We qualitatively investigate the interview data of six Chinese women academics on how they perform to negotiate their motherhood and academic work in the context of Chinese higher education, driven by the Butlerian theoretical concept of the heterosexual matrix. The findings suggest that Chinese academic mothers play a zero-sum game between being mothers and being academics, deriving from their ontological responsibilities of motherhood. We conclude that in the masculine academia, these women academics help maintain the heterosexual matrix by satisfying the gender normativity when they negotiate their performances in their family and career; meanwhile, most have developed some strategies to achieve their career advancement.
Teachers’ emotions in the time of COVID: Thematic analysis of interview data reveals drivers of professional agency
Authors: Porter Karen , Miles Paula Jean , Donaldson David Ian
Published: November 2022

Purpose

We explored two complex phenomena associated with effective education. First, teachers’ professional agency, the volitional actions they take in response to perceived opportunities, was examined to consider individual differences in its enactment. Second, “strong” emotions have been proposed as important in teaching and learning, and we wished to clarify which basic emotions might be involved, besides curiosity, which is a known emotional factor in engagement in teaching. We also explored how agency and basic emotions might be related.

Approach

Thirteen teachers working in Scottish secondary schools were interviewed at the start of the covid pandemic in 2020 to discuss relevant feelings, thoughts and actions arising from unprecedented changes in their lives and professional practices. Thematic analysis was used to identify aspects of agentic behavior and basic emotions expressed.

Findings

Teacher agency was expressed through adaptability, collective agency, constrained agency, and non-action. Four basic emotion percepts were identified, which we label as “CARE”, “CURIOSITY”, “COOPERATION”, and “CHALLENGE”.

Originality

We extend the definition of agency to include volitional non-action as a response to opportunity. In contrast to prior research emphasizing emotions as an outcome of volitional behavior, we explore emotions preceding agency. We develop four theoretical propositions related to teacher emotions. (1) Four emotion percepts substantially influence teachers’ voluntary motivated behavior. (2) The amount and proportion of emotions experienced varies between individual teachers. (3) The four percepts are experienced concurrently or in rapid succession in engaged teaching contexts. (4) Professional experience and specific situational factors also influence teachers’ behavioral choices. For future consideration, we suggest that awareness of emotion percepts may encourage both teachers’ engagement and their professional agency for the benefit of their pedagogical practice and outcomes for their students.
Research on false information clarification mechanism among government, opinion leaders, and Internet users — Based on differential game theory
Authors: Li Bowen , Li Hua , Sun Qiubai , Lv Rongjian
Published: November 2022

This article considers the government, opinion leaders, and Internet users to be a system for correcting false information, and it considers the problem of correcting false information that arises in the aftermath of major emergencies. We use optimal control theory and differential game theory to construct differential game models of decentralized decision-making, centralized decision-making, and subsidized decision-making. The solutions to these models and their numerical simulations show that the government, opinion leaders, and Internet users exercise cost-subsidized decision-making instead of decentralized decision-making. The equilibrium strategies, local optimal benefits, and overall optimal benefits of the system achieve Pareto improvement. Given the goal of maximizing the benefits to the system under centralized decision-making, the equilibrium results are Pareto-optimal. The research here provides a theoretical basis for dealing with the mechanism of correcting false information arising from major emergencies, and our conclusions provide methodological support for the government to effectively deal with such scenarios.
Improve employee-organization relationships and workplace performance through CSR: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Yafei , Dong Chuqing
Published: November 2022

Although CSR research in China has received increasing scholarly attention, employee-centered CSR is still an understudied topic. To fill the void, the purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effects of employees’ CSR perceptions on the quality of employee-organization relationships and workplace performance, as well as the underlying mechanisms explaining such effects, in the Chinese context. Guided by both managerial and relational approaches of corporate social responsibility (CSR) research, we conducted a survey (N = 248) with employees from a large private company in the electric and energy industry in China. Data were analyzedviapath analysis using R packages (e.g., lavaan) and results revealed that CSR perceptions can lead to positive employee-organization relationship quality and increase employees’ extra-role performance. We also found that these effects can be further explained by increased employee-organization identification or perceived corporate ability. In addition, a qualitative analysis of employees’ responses showed that the influence of government and Confucianism was reflected in employees’ expectations for their employer’s CSR initiatives. This study contributes to the scant research on employee outcomes and the underlying mechanisms of employee-centered CSR in China. Practically, we add empirical evidence addressing the value of internal CSR for professionals and educators.
The value of real world evidence: The case of medical cannabis
Authors: Schlag Anne Katrin , Zafar Rayyan R. , Lynskey Michael T. , Athanasiou-Fragkouli Alkyoni , Phillips Lawrence D. , Nutt David J.
Published: November 2022

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have long been considered the gold standard of medical evidence. In relation to cannabis based medicinal products (CBMPs), this focus on RCTs has led to very restrictive guidelines in the UK, which are limiting patient access. There is general agreement that RCT evidence in relation to CBPMs is insufficient at present. As well as commercial reasons, a major problem is that RCTs do not lend themselves well to the study of whole plant medicines. One solution to this challenge is the use of real world evidence (RWE) with patient reported outcomes (PROs) to widen the evidence base. Such data increasingly highlights the positive impact medical cannabis can have on patients’ lives. This paper outlines the value of this approach which involves the study of interventions and patients longitudinally under medical care. In relation to CBMPs, RWE has a broad range of advantages. These include the study of larger groups of patients, the use of a broader range and ratio of components of CBMPs, and the inclusion of more and rarer medical conditions. Importantly, and in contrast to RCTs, patients with significant comorbidities–and from a wider demographic profile–can also be studied, so providing higher ecological validity and increasing patient numbers, whilst offering significant cost savings. We conclude by outlining 12 key recommendations of the value of RWE in relation to medical cannabis. We hope that this paper will help policymakers and prescribers understand the importance of RWE in relation to medical cannabis and help them develop approaches to overcome the current situation which is detrimental to patients.
16p13.11 deletion variants associated with neuropsychiatric disorders cause morphological and synaptic changes in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons
Authors: Buttermore Elizabeth D. , Anderson Nickesha C. , Chen Pin-Fang , Makhortova Nina R. , Kim Kristina H. , Wafa Syed M. A. , Dwyer Sean , Micozzi John M. , Winden Kellen D. , Zhang Bo , Han Min-Joon , Kleiman Robin J. , Brownstein Catherine A. , Sahin Mustafa , Gonzalez-Heydrich Joseph
Published: November 2022

16p13.11 copy number variants (CNVs) have been associated with autism, schizophrenia, psychosis, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. The majority of 16p13.11 deletions or duplications occur within three well-defined intervals, and despite growing knowledge of the functions of individual genes within these intervals, the molecular mechanisms that underlie commonly observed clinical phenotypes remain largely unknown. Patient-derived, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a platform for investigating the morphological, electrophysiological, and gene-expression changes that result from 16p13.11 CNVs in human-derived neurons. Patient derived iPSCs with varying sizes of 16p13.11 deletions and familial controls were differentiated into cortical neurons for phenotypic analysis. High-content imaging and morphological analysis of patient-derived neurons demonstrated an increase in neurite branching in patients compared with controls. Whole-transcriptome sequencing revealed expression level changes in neuron development and synaptic-related gene families, suggesting a defect in synapse formation. Subsequent quantification of synapse number demonstrated increased numbers of synapses on neurons derived from early-onset patients compared to controls. The identification of common phenotypes among neurons derived from patients with overlapping 16p13.11 deletions will further assist in ascertaining common pathways and targets that could be utilized for screening drug candidates. These studies can help to improve future treatment options and clinical outcomes for 16p13.11 deletion patients.
Relationship trajectories of pregnant women with their parents and postpartum depression: A hospital-based prospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Terada Shuhei , Doi Satomi , Tani Yukako , Maeda Yuto , Isumi Aya , Sugawara Junichi , Maeda Kazuhisa , Satoh Shoji , Mitsuda Nobuaki , Fujiwara Takeo
Published: November 2022

Backgrounds

A history of childhood abuse and subsequent poor relationship with parents in adulthood among pregnant women is a known risk factor for postpartum depression (PPD). Although parent-daughter relationship can change during pregnancy, little is known whether the trajectories have an impact on PPD. The aim of this study is to examine whether trajectories of parent-daughter relationship during pregnancy are associated with PPD in Japanese mothers.

Methods

In a hospital-based prospective cohort study conducted in Japan, 4,772 women were followed from their first visit to their 1-month postpartum check-up (follow-up rate: 77.4%). Parent-daughter relationship was assessed whether participants were satisfied with their parents at first visit and after delivery. We defined four parent-daughter relationship trajectory categories: consistently satisfied, improving, deteriorating, and consistently unsatisfied. PPD was assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Logistic regression model was applied to adjust covariates.

Results

There were 129 (2.7%), 122 (2.6%), and 181 (3.8%) cases of improving, deteriorating, and consistently unsatisfied relationship, respectively. Compared to the group that was consistently satisfied, pregnant women of the deteriorating and consistently unsatisfied group showed 2.81 (95% CI: 1.73–4.55) and 2.39 (95% CI: 1.58–3.62) times, respectively, more likely to show PPD after adjustment for confounders.

Conclusion

Women who felt that their relationship with parents “deteriorated” or was “consistently unsatisfactory” during pregnancy showed significant risk of PPD. Paying attention to the pregnant women's feelings about the relationship with their parents and promoting positive change may help predict and prevent PPD.
Cybergonomics: Proposing and justification of a new name for the ergonomics of Industry 4.0 technologies
Authors: Pouyakian Mostafa
Published: November 2022

Various subdisciplines of ergonomics science have emerged during the past decades as our insight has been broadened of human and performance. The three main branches of ergonomics have evolved over time focusing on the physical, cognitive, and organizational aspects. But the question is, can these disciplines focus and research enough on the ergonomic aspects of cyberspace and Industry 4.0 technologies? Cyber-technologies of the Fourth Industrial revolution are dramatically imposing themselves on our life and work. This has been led to emerging cyber-aspects for human work and life. Hence, many sciences, mainly applied ones, have upgraded to their cyber versions to deal with the emergent issues, usually with a new name, including the cyber prefix. Cyber-medicine, cyber-health, cyber-commerce, and cyberpsychology are some examples. Also, ergonomics requires a similar look. Ergonomic benefits and threats of Industry 4.0 technologies must be considered in an integrated manner. This paper addresses this issue. First, the emergence and development of ergonomics and its subdisciplines chronologically is reviewed. Then, Cybergonomics as a new name and concept is proposed and defined as the ergonomics of Industry 4.0 era. Justification for this portmanteau is described, and an outline of the new realm is explained. Finally, a research road map is proposed for this new subdiscipline of ergonomics.
Patent foramen ovale closure vs. medical therapy alone after cryptogenic stroke in China: A cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Wei Na , Liu Bo , Ma Meijuan , Zhang Xuejun , Zhang Wei , Hou Fangxia , Liu Fuqiang , Yu Xiangyou
Published: November 2022

Background

In 2019, there were 28. 76 million patients with stroke in China, with ~25% of them suffering from cryptogenic stroke (CS). Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is related to CS, and PFO closure can reduce recurrent stroke. To date, no study has investigated the cost-effectiveness of PFO closure vs. medical therapy among such populations in China.

Methods

A Markov model with a cycle length of 3 months was established to compare the 30-year cost-effectiveness of PFO closure and medical therapy. The transition probability of recurrent stroke was derived from the RESPECT study, and the costs and utility were obtained from domestic data or studies conducted in China. The primary outcome of this study was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), which represents the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). PFO closure was considered cost-effective if the ICER obtained was lower than the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of 37,654 USD/QALY; otherwise, PFO closure was regarded as not being cost-effective. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results.

Results

After a simulation of a 30-year horizon, a cryptogenic stroke patient with PFO was expected to have QALY of 13.15 (15.26 LY) if he received PFO closure and a corresponding value of 11.74 QALY (15.14 LY) after medical therapy. The corresponding costs in both cohorts are US $8,131 and US $4,186, respectively. Thus, an ICER of 2783 USD/QALY and 31264 USD/LY was obtained, which is lower than the WTP threshold. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses showed that the results were robust.

Conclusion

With respect to the WTP threshold of three times per capita GDP in China in 2021, PFO closure is a cost-effective method for Chinese cryptogenic stroke patients with PFO, as shown in the 30-year simulation.
Putting prospection into practice: Methodological considerations in the use of episodic future thinking to reduce delay discounting and maladaptive health behaviors
Authors: Brown Jeremiah Michael , Stein Jeffrey Scott
Published: November 2022

In recent years, episodic future thinking (EFT) has emerged as a promising behavioral intervention to reduce delay discounting or maladaptive health behaviors; however, considerable methodological heterogeneity in methods for eliciting engagement in EFT has been observed in prior research. In this narrative review, we briefly describe methods for generating EFT cues, the content of EFT cues, common control conditions for experiments utilizing EFT, and considerations for cue delivery and implementation. Where possible, we make suggestions for current best practices in each category while identifying gaps in knowledge and potential areas of future research. Finally, we conclude by using the NIH Stage model to better frame the current state of the literature on EFT and propose gaps to be addressed if EFT is to be both an efficacious and effective behavioral intervention.
Current GMP standards for the production of vaccines and antibodies: An overview
Authors: Covarrubias Consuelo E. , Rivera Thomas A. , Soto Catalina A. , Deeks Trevor , Kalergis Alexis M.
Published: November 2022

The manufacture of pharmaceutical products made under good manufacturing practices (GMP) must comply with the guidelines of national regulatory bodies based on international or regional compendia. The existence of this type of regulation allows pharmaceutical laboratories to count on the standardization of high-quality production processes, obtaining a safe product for human use, with a positive impact on public health. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of having more and better-distributed manufacturing plants, emphasizing regions such as Latin America. This review shows the most important GMP standards in the world and, in particular, their relevance in the production of vaccines and antibodies.
Exploring public attitudes toward live-streaming fitness in China: A sentiment and content analysis of China's social media Weibo
Authors: Tian Rui , Yin Ruheng , Gan Feng
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Live-streaming fitness is perceived by the Chinese government as an invaluable means to reduce the prevalence of physical inactivity amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to investigate the public altitudes of the Chinese people toward live-streaming fitness and provide future health communication strategies on the public promotion of live-streaming fitness accordingly.

Methods

This study collected live-streaming fitness-related microblog posts from July 2021 to June 2022 in Weibo, the Chinese equivalent to Twitter. We used the BiLSTM-CNN model to carry out the sentiment analysis, and the structured topic modeling (STM) method to conduct content analysis.

Results

This study extracted 114,397 live-streaming fitness-related Weibo posts. Over 80% of the Weibo posts were positive during the period of the study, and over 85% were positive in half of the period. This study finds 8 topics through content analysis, which are fitness during quarantine; cost reduction; online community; celebrity effect; Industry; fitness injuries; live commerce and Zero Covid strategy.

Conclusions

It is discovered that the public attitudes toward live-streaming fitness were largely positive. Topics related to celebrity effect (5–11%), fitness injuries (8–16%), live commerce (5–9%) and Zero Covid strategy (16–26%) showed upward trends in negative views of the Chinese people. Specific health communication strategy suggestions are given to target each of the negative topics.
Conceptualizing rurality: The impact of definitions on the rural mortality penalty
Authors: James Wesley L. , Brindley Claire , Purser Christopher , Topping Michael
Published: November 2022

Background

In the U.S., inequality is widespread and still growing at nearly every level conceivable. This is vividly illustrated in the long-standing, well-documented inequalities in outcomes between rural and urban places in the U.S.; namely, the rural mortality penalty of disproportionately higher mortality rates in these areas. But what does the concept of “rural” capture and conjure? How we explain these geographic differences has spanned modes of place measurement and definitions. We employ three county-level rural-urban definitions to (1) analyze how spatially specific and robust rural disparities in mortality are and (2) identify whether mortality outcomes are dependent on different definitions.

Methods

We compare place-based all-cause mortality rates using three typologies of “rural” from the literature to assess robustness of mortality rates across these rural and urban distinctions. Results show longitudinal all-cause mortality rate trends from 1968 to 2020 for various categories of urban and rural areas. We then apply this data to rural and urban geography to analyze the similarity in the distribution of spatial clusters and outliers in mortality using spatial autocorrelation methodologies.

Results

The rural disadvantage in mortality is remarkably consistent regardless of which rural-urban classification scheme is utilized, suggesting the overall pattern of rural disadvantage is robust to any definition. Further, the spatial association between rurality and high rates of mortality is statistically significant.

Conclusion

Different definitions yielding strongly similar results suggests robustness of rurality and consequential insights for actionable policy development and implementation.
Prevalence of self-medication during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kazemioula Golnesa , Golestani Shayan , Alavi Seyed Mohammad Amin , Taheri Forough , Gheshlagh Reza Ghanei , Lotfalizadeh Mohammad Hassan
Published: November 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions on travel and quarantine measures made people turn to self-medication (SM) to control the symptoms of their diseases. Different studies were conducted worldwide on different populations, and their results were different. Therefore, this global systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication.

Methods

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, databases of Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched without a time limit. All eligible observational articles that reported self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed. Heterogeneity among the studies was assessed using Cochran's Q test and I2 statistics. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results

Fifty-six eligible studies were reviewed. The pooled prevalence of self-medication was 48.6% (95% CI: 42.8–54.3). The highest and lowest prevalence of self-medication was in Asia (53%; 95% CI: 45–61) and Europe (40.8%; 95% CI: 35–46.8). Also, the highest and lowest prevalence of self-medication was related to students (54.5; 95% CI: 40.8–68.3) and healthcare workers (32.5%; 16–49). The prevalence of self-medication in the general population (48.8%; 40.6–57) and in patients with COVID-19 (41.7%; 25.5–58). The prevalence of self-medication was higher in studies that collected data in 2021 than in 2020 (51.2 vs. 48%). Publication bias was not significant (p = 0.320).

Conclusion

During the COVID-19 pandemic, self-medication was highly prevalent, so nearly half of the people self-medicated. Therefore, it seems necessary to provide public education to control the consequences of self-medication.