bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El apego y la depresión adolescente: el impacto de las primeras experiencias de apego
Authors: Shaw Samantha K. , Dallos Rudi
Published: May 2021

Las ideas de Bowlby (1969/1982) sobre el apego como un sistema interactivo nos proporcionan la base para entender el desarrollo de los modelos de funcionamiento adaptativos y desadaptativos del yo y el otro. Más concretamente, la teoría del apego puede ofrecernos una comprensión detallada del desarrollo de un autoesquema depresógeno. La teoría del apego se sitúa junto a la investigación sobre la depresión adolescente, para ilustrar la importancia de la relación de apego primaria a la hora de proteger a los adolescentes en nuestra sociedad contra el desarrollo de sintomatología depresiva. Así, se considera la investigación actual sobre la depresión adolescente a través de la lente de la teoría del apego. Dicha visión se complementa con una exploración sobre el papel de la cultura en la producción de las diferencias de género en la depresión. Así, se ofrece un modelo tripartito de la depresión adolescente, que incluye el individuo, las relaciones familiares y los factores socioculturales, y que puede presentar un valor potencial para los profesionales de la salud e investigadores en esta área.
Intervención constructivista narrativa en un caso de trastorno afectivo infantil.
Authors: Ger Cabero Sandra , Belles Busqueta Laia
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se presenta un estudio de caso de depresión infantil que fue abordado desde una perspectiva constructivista narrativa. El trabajo se estructura de la siguiente forma: en primer lugar se contextualiza el caso y el método, en segundo lugar se describe la cliente, en tercer lugar se presenta el marco conceptual que guía la intervención de la terapeuta, en cuarto lugar se evalúan los problemas y las metas de la cliente y sus padres, en quinto lugar se formula un plan de tratamiento, a continuación se describe el curso de la terapia y finalmente se realiza una evaluación del resultado.
Adicción a los videojuegos: una breve revisión psicológica.
Authors: Griffiths Mark D. , Beranuy Fargues Marta
Published: May 2021

Para muchos, el concepto de la adicción a los videojuegos es poco probable, sobretodo si el concepto de adicción implica tomar drogas. Este artículo hace una revisión del área, pequeña pero en crecimiento, de la adicción a los videojuegos, incluyendo la adicción a los videojuegos online. En el mundo hay pocos profesionales especializados en el tratamiento de la adicción a los videojuegos, cosa que podría deberse a que son pocos los jugadores genuinamente adictos a los videojuegos. Sin embargo, Internet puede facilitar el juego en línea excesivo, como evidencia el número en aumento de las clínicas especializadas en el tratamiento de la adicción a los videojuegos online. Tener en cuenta todos los factores y variables y considerar la prevalencia del juego y la prevalencia de los efectos adversos sobre la salud, es relativamente difícil si nos basamos en la evidencia empírica hasta la fecha. Una revisión de la literatura disponible parece indicar que los efectos nocivos afectan, probablemente, a solo un subgrupo pequeño de jugadores y que la mayoría de jugadores con un uso frecuente de los videojuegos están en riesgo de desarrollar problemas de salud. Estos jugadores experimentan unos efectos sutiles, menores y temporales, que se resolverán espontáneamente con la reducción de la frecuencia de juego.
Organizaciones de significado personal y trastornos de personalidad: una propuesta constructivista
Authors: Dodet Maurizio , Merigliano Daniela
Published: May 2021

El constructo de Organización de Significado Personal representa un patrimonio del cognitivismo debido a la gran potencialidad explicativa en relación a los procesos que mantienen una identidad; en particular respecto a su desarrollo dentro de los procesos de apego y el patrón afectivo-cognitivo que la caracteriza. Una identidad puede articularse de modo armónico, neurótico o psicótico dando lugar a distintos cuadros patológicos. Psicopatología descriptiva y psicopatología explicativa representan las claves de lectura utilizadas en el proceso de diagnóstico y de la posterior definición de un proyecto terapéutico. En esto artículo presentaremos reflexiones sobre algunos desarrollos del Modelo Constructivista Postracionalista en particular sobre la posibilidad de formalizar una hipótesis explicativa de los trastornos de personalidad.
La técnica de la moviola como método de reelaboración de las narrativas autobiográficas.
Authors: Lambruschi Furio , Lenzi Silvio
Published: May 2021

La técnica de la “moviola” constituye el núcleo central de la metodología terapéutica postracionalista. En el presente artículo se analiza la moviola en sus componentes más estrictamente técnico-procedimentales y posteriormente se somete su aplicación en una sesión llevada a cabo por el propio Vittorio Guidano a un análisis basado en el método cognitivo-conversacional.
Recensión.
Authors: Alcini Stefano
Published: May 2021

Psicoterapia cognitiva postrazionalista: una ricognizione dalla teoria alla clinica.
Construcción social de las transformaciones corporales quirúrgicas.
Authors: Durán Fabré Maite , Botella Luis
Published: May 2021

En España, el número de operaciones de cirugía estética aumenta año tras año, situándose a la delantera de Europa. No sólo es un mercado abierto a las mujeres sino que cada vez se dan más casos de hombres y –desde hace unos años– chicas adolescentes, que demandan algún tipo de intervención relacionada con esta cirugía. El aspirar a estos cambios físicos está estrechamente vinculado con la búsqueda de un self positivo y por lo tanto, está relacionado con dimensiones tanto psicológicas como sociales. Así, el objetivo de este estudio es el abordaje de la construcción social de dichas intervenciones para poder comprender mejor la relación entre lo corporal, lo psicológico y lo social.
Intervención constructivista narrativa en un caso de insatisfacción corporal.
Authors: Grañó Solé Núria , Beriain Romera Diana , Botella García del Cid Lluís
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se presenta un estudio de caso de insatisfacción corporal acompañada de una sintomatología alimentaria que fue abordado desde una perspectiva constructivista narrativa. El trabajo incluye en primer lugar la contextualización del caso y la metodología empleada, en segundo lugar la descripción de la cliente, en tercer lugar se describe el marco conceptual que guía la intervención de las terapeutas, en cuarto lugar se evalúan la problemática y las metas de la cliente, en quinto lugar se presenta el plan de tratamiento, a continuación se describe el curso de la terapia y finalmente se realiza la evaluación de los resultados.
Una mirada desde el espejo: consecuencias del abordaje biomédico de las mujeres
Authors: Gismero González Elena
Published: May 2021

Revisamos en este artículo cómo se ha considerado a la mujer desde el ámbito médico: cómo se ha abordado su cuerpo desde la investigación, el tratamiento de problemas comunes con los hombres, la medicalización de su ciclo vital reproductivo y de su malestar anímico, e incluso de su aspecto físico. Esta peculiar mirada sobre las mujeres tiene consecuencias no sólo sobre su salud, sino también sobre la forma de verse y entenderse a sí mismas.
El cuerpo sacrificado: una mirada comprensiva sobre la fibromialgia desde el constructivismo.
Authors: Fontecha Sonia , Hermosilla Silvia , Villegas Manuel
Published: May 2021

El presente trabajo plantea la intervención psicoterapéutica desde el marco del constructivismo y específicamente desde la teoría del Desarrollo Moral (Villegas, 2005, 2008) llevada a cabo con dos pacientes diagnosticadas de fibromialgia. A partir de estos dos casos, explicados brevemente, proponemos una serie de conclusiones e hipótesis sobre las modalidades de regulación moral de estas pacientes y la aparición de la fibromialgia, que pueden servir como marco para una mejor comprensión de la experiencia de la fibromialgia y la prosecución de nuevas investigaciones.
Comentario de libros
Authors: Villegas Manuel
Published: May 2021

Comentario al libro Psicoterapias Contemporáneas
La psicoterapia como reconstrucción de la experiencia. A propósito de un proceso de duelo.
Authors: Villegas Besora Manuel
Published: May 2021

El artículo plantea la psicoterapia como un proceso de reconstrucción del significado de la experiencia. A este fin se reproduce todo el proceso de principio a fin de una terapia, utilizando para ello una selección de fragmentos de las sesiones, grabadas en video y transcritas en su totalidad. La reproducción de partes significativas de los diálogos permite anotar paso a paso las oscilaciones seguidas por la paciente durante los casi dos años que duró el recorrido terapéutico. Escritos en una segunda columna los comentarios hacen referencia tanto al proceso seguido por la paciente como al procedimiento e intervenciones llevadas a cabo por el terapeuta. De este modo se hace evidente el pasaje que experimenta la paciente en su crisis personal, desencadenada por una intensa experiencia de duelo, a través de diversos niveles de regulación moral hasta la autonomía.
Un caso de insomnio: ¿qué hay detrás de los síntomas?
Authors: Rivas Serra Glòria
Published: May 2021

Ante una demanda sintomática para solucionar un problema de insomnio aparece una culpa nuclear gestionada con el castigo. Se describe una experiencia lesiva a la que por una parte se da significado de accidente pero por otra, no se acepta subjetivamente, dando lugar a una activación de remordimientos, rumiaciones, preocupación y desasosiego. Para apaciguar la conciencia moral será necesario responder por los hechos, aceptarlos para poder arrepentirse y perdonarse.
Los motivos de vinculación a sectas coercitivas.
Authors: Almendros Carmen , Rodríguez-Carballeira Álvaro , Carrobles José Antonio , Gámez-Guadix Manuel
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo pretende examinar el proceso de vinculación de una persona a un grupo de manipulación psicológica (GMP) o secta coercitiva. Para ello, se aplicó una batería de cuestionarios a 101 españoles auto-identificados como ex-miembros de diversos GMP, a 38 ex-miembros de grupos no manipulativos y a 24 personas que simularon haber sido miembros de GMP. Los resultados mostraron que en la mayoría de los casos la involucración fue surgiendo de forma gradual. Los ex-miembros de GMP juzgaron las prácticas manipuladoras de los grupos y su propia búsqueda de ideales y desarrollo personal como factores más determinantes en su vinculación. Informaron también de la ocurrencia de otras prácticas de abuso psicológico en sus antiguos grupos. No se encontró evidencia de que la información proporcionada por los ex-miembros de GMP pudiera explicarse por factores de deseabilidad, alteración o falta de sinceridad, valorados a través del MCMI-II.
Sectadependencia: la afiliación a una secta como conducta adictiva
Authors: Rodríguez Pepe
Published: May 2021

La atribución de la problemática sectaria a las técnicas coercitivas aplicadas sobre los adeptos es cuestionada en este artículo que, por el contrario, sitúa la génesis del problema en factores psicosociales del propio sujeto (personalidad presectaria) que incrementan su vulnerabilidad y facilitan su proceso de sumisión y dependencia grupal; sólo cuando esta dependencia ya es notable pueden surtir efecto las estrategias coactivas destinadas a explotar al adepto. La máxima expresión de la dependencia grupal es la sectadependencia, que es una vía adictiva que comparte parecidos desencadenantes psicosociales, además de los mismos procesos bioquímicos cerebrales, con adicciones a sustancias (alcohol, tabaco, drogas ilegales) o a conductas (juego, compras, trabajo…). La adscripción extrema a una “secta” encuentra su explicación básica (aunque no única) en que actúa como un reductor de ansiedad, que es más eficaz y deseable cuánto más frágil sea el perfil psicosocial de un sujeto antes de su afiliación.
Aproximación psicoterapéutica a las familias con miembros afiliados a sectas.
Authors: Rodríguez Pepe , Odriozola Begoña
Published: May 2021

La intervención terapéutica con familias con algún miembro integrado en una “secta” es abordada desde el modelo de las dependencias, que se propone como el más útil desde la psicología clínica y la terapia familiar. Este artículo es fruto de la amplia experiencia clínica de sus autores en el EMAAPS. Se describe la demanda en una selección de casos; se aborda la evaluación o aproximación diagnóstica del sistema familiar y del perfil psicosocial del sujeto adscrito a una “secta”; y se comentan las intervenciones psicoterapéuticas concretas empleadas en las familias atendidas. La casuística clínica presentada muestra que la problemática psicosocial previa del sujeto es el principal dinamizador del proceso de afiliación y subsiguiente dependencia de la secta. Todos los casos atendidos por los autores fueron resueltos sin necesidad de contemplar la hipótesis de la “manipulación” ni de actuar sobre el grupo y su estructura y conductas.
Libertad religiosa del progenitor frente al beneficio del hijo menor.
Authors: Romero Coloma Aurelia María
Published: May 2021

La influencia de las sectas, y su poder, en nuestro país es, sin lugar a dudas, preocupante. Desde el punto de vista jurídico, y como abogada especialista en Derecho de Familia, estimo que el tema de las sectas en el seno de la comunidad familiar, constituye un peligro para el beneficio, o interés, de los hijos menores de edad, y que el legislador debe implicarse en esta compleja y delicada cuestión. En este trabajo de investigación, se ponen de manifiesto las Sentencias más interesantes que han sido dictadas en España en relación con este tema y las implicaciones que esas resoluciones puedan tener de cara al desarrollo de la personalidad de los hijos menores y, por ende, de cara a su derecho a la libertad y a la dignidad.
Brainspotting, un nuevo modelo de sintonía dual para la psicoterapia.
Authors: Grand David
Published: May 2021

Brainspotting (BSP) es un nuevo enfoque de tratamiento que propone que el campo visual puede servir para localizar posiciones oculares que correlacionan de manera relevante con experiencia neuronal y emocional interna. Una vez localizadas estas posiciones oculares o Brainspots (puntos cerebrales), pueden llevar –a través del mantenimiento de la fijación ocular– a la resolución de asuntos profundamente almacenados en las áreas no-verbales, no-cognitivas del cerebro. BSP utiliza tanto la activación enfocada como la conscienciación plena (mindfulness) como mecanismos de intervención. El objetivo es conseguir una liberación completa y exhaustiva de la activación guardada en el cerebro y en el cuerpo. BSP es un modelo que incorpora activación y recursos sistémicos aplicados sobre la base de consideraciones de diagnóstico y desarrollo. El modelo BSP es fruto de un desarrollo tanto relacional como técnico con un fundamento filosófico y fisiológico. Es un modelo abierto, inclusivo que invita a los terapeutas a hacer uso de la sabiduría de su formación previa y experiencia profesional.
Tratamiento del abuso sexual con emdr.
Authors: Gonzalez Anabel , Mosquera Dolores
Published: May 2021

La terapia EMDR ha obtenido reconocimiento internacional como tratamiento de elección para el trastorno de estrés postraumático, aunque su utilización se ha extendido a numerosas patologías. Desde EMDR se entiende que el origen de los síntomas está en experiencias traumáticas previas que se almacenan en el cerebro de una manera disfuncional. La resolución de los problemas presentes del paciente se consigue a través del procesamiento de las memorias traumáticas, que se reconsolidarán como memorias ordinarias. El procedimiento estándar incluye no sólo el procesamiento de eventos pasados, sino también de las situaciones presentes y la proyección de futuro. Para su aplicación específica en casos de abuso sexual es preciso tener en cuenta si se trata de un abuso temprano y/o prolongado, sobre todo un abuso sexual intrafamiliar, ya que las consecuencias en este caso van más allá de un estrés postraumático simple, como ocurre en un episodio aislado de agresión sexual en un paciente con una historia previa sin elementos de traumatización grave temprana. En este artículo se ejemplificará con casos clínicos la aplicación diferencial en ambos casos.
Maize Grain Extract Enriched with Polyamines Alleviates Drought Stress in Triticum aestivum through Up-Regulation of the Ascorbate–Glutathione Cycle, Glyoxalase System, and Polyamine Gene Expression
Authors: Alharby Hesham F. , Al-Zahrani Hassan S. , Alzahrani Yahya M. , Alsamadany Hameed , Hakeem Khalid R. , Rady Mostafa M.
Published: May 2021

The potential protective role of priming wheat seeds with maize green extract (MGE) against the stress effects of drought was studied. Pretreatment using MGE, MGE enriched with polyamines (MGEPA), and drought treatments (irrigation deficit of 30% (severe drought) or 60% (moderate drought) versus 90% relative water content of soil as a control) were applied in a factorial completely randomized design. Under moderate drought, pretreatment with MGEPA outperformed MGE and control, while severely stressed plants died even with pretreatments. Both extracts enhanced normal plant growth and yield and mitigated the deleterious effect of moderately stressed plants. Application of both extracts markedly increased photosynthetic efficiency, membrane stability, relative water content, and accumulation of antioxidants, osmoprotectants, trans- and cis-zeatin, polyamines, and their gene expressions, while levels of superoxide (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage were decreased. Enzymatic antioxidants and glyoxalase system activities were improved in moderately stressed plants and were further improved with pretreatment with both extracts, thus protecting plants from oxidative damage by up-regulation of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle. Glycine betaine, soluble sugars, and proline levels were greatly increased in pretreated plants, thus maintaining membrane stability and photosynthetic efficiency. The interaction between drought and pretreatment using MGEPA was significant in growing wheat plants in dry environments with 60% relative water content of soil.
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment Based on Measured versus Predicted Unbound Ceftriaxone Concentrations in Critically Ill Patients with Pneumonia: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Gijsen Matthias , Dreesen Erwin , Van Daele Ruth , Annaert Pieter , Debaveye Yves , Wauters Joost , Spriet Isabel
Published: May 2021

The impact of ceftriaxone pharmacokinetic alterations on protein binding and PK/PD target attainment still remains unclear. We evaluated pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target attainment of unbound ceftriaxone in critically ill patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Besides, we evaluated the accuracy of predicted vs. measured unbound ceftriaxone concentrations, and its impact on PK/PD target attainment. A prospective observational cohort study was carried out in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe CAP. Ceftriaxone 2 g q24h intermittent infusion was administered to all patients. Successful PK/PD target attainment was defined as unbound trough concentrations above 1 or 4 mg/L throughout the whole dosing interval. Acceptable overall PK/PD target attainment was defined as successful target attainment in ≥90% of all dosing intervals. Measured unbound ceftriaxone concentrations (CEFu) were compared to unbound concentrations predicted from various protein binding models. Thirty-one patients were included. The 1 mg/L and 4 mg/L targets were reached in 26/32 (81%) and 15/32 (47%) trough samples, respectively. Increased renal function was associated with the failure to attain both PK/PD targets. Unbound ceftriaxone concentrations predicted by the protein binding model developed in the present study showed acceptable bias and precision and had no major impact on PK/PD target attainment. We showed suboptimal (i.e., <90%) unbound ceftriaxone PK/PD target attainment when using a standard 2 g q24h dosing regimen in critically ill patients with severe CAP. Renal function was the major driver for the failure to attain the predefined targets, in accordance with results found in general and septic ICU patients. Interestingly, CEFu was reliably predicted from CEFt without major impact on clinical decisions regarding PK/PD target attainment. This suggests that, when carefully selecting a protein binding model, CEFu does not need to be measured. As a result, the turn-around time and cost for ceftriaxone quantification can be substantially reduced.
Draft Genome Sequence and Biofilm Production of a Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KpR405) Sequence Type 405 Strain Isolated in Italy
Authors: Fasciana Teresa , Ciammaruconi Andrea , Gentile Bernardina , Di Carlo Paola , Virruso Roberta , Tricoli Maria Rita , Palma Daniela Maria , Pitarresi Giovanna Laura , Lista Florigio , Giammanco Anna
Published: May 2021

Rapid identification and characterization of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains is essential to diagnose severe infections in patients. In clinical routine practice, K. pneumoniae is frequently identified and characterized for outbreak investigation. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis or multilocus sequence typing could be used, but, unfortunately, these methods are time-consuming, laborious, expensive, and do not provide any information about the presence of resistance and virulence genes. In recent years, the decreasing cost of next-generation sequencing and its easy use have led to it being considered a useful method, not only for outbreak surveillance but also for rapid identification and evaluation, in a single step, of virulence factors and resistance genes. Carbapenem-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae have become endemic in Italy, and in these strains the ability to form biofilms, communities of bacteria fixed in an extracellular matrix, can defend the pathogen from the host immune response as well as from antibiotics, improving its persistence in epithelial tissues and on medical device surfaces.
WGS-Based Analysis of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Vietnam and Molecular Characterization of Antimicrobial Determinants and MLST in Southeast Asia
Authors: Wareth Gamal , Linde Jörg , Nguyen Ngoc H. , Nguyen Tuan N. M. , Sprague Lisa D. , Pletz Mathias W. , Neubauer Heinrich
Published: May 2021

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii, CRAb) is an emerging global threat for healthcare systems, particularly in Southeast Asia. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was employed to map genes associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and to identify multilocus sequence types (MLST). Eleven strains isolated from humans in Vietnam were sequenced, and their AMR genes and MLST were compared to published genomes of strains originating from Southeast Asia, i.e., Thailand (n = 49), Myanmar (n = 38), Malaysia (n = 11), Singapore (n = 4) and Taiwan (n = 1). Ten out of eleven Vietnamese strains were CRAb and were susceptible only to colistin. All strains harbored ant(3”)-IIa, armA, aph(6)-Id and aph(3”) genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, and blaOXA-51 variants and blaADC-25 conferring resistance to ß-lactams. More than half of the strains harbored genes that confer resistance to tetracyclines, sulfonamides and macrolides. The strains showed high diversity, where six were assigned to sequence type (ST)/2, and two were allocated to two new STs (ST/1411-1412). MLST analyses of 108 strains from Southeast Asia identified 19 sequence types (ST), and ST/2 was the most prevalent found in 62 strains. A broad range of AMR genes was identified mediating resistance to ß-lactams, including cephalosporins and carbapenems (e.g., blaOXA-51-like, blaOXA-23, blaADC-25, blaADC-73, blaTEM-1, blaNDM-1), aminoglycosides (e.g., ant(3”)-IIa, aph(3”)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, armA and aph(3’)-Ia), phenicoles (e.g., catB8), tetracyclines (e.g., tet.B and tet.39), sulfonamides (e.g., sul.1 and sul.2), macrolides and lincosamide (e.g., mph.E, msr.E and abaF). MLST and core genome MLST (cgMLST) showed an extreme diversity among the strains. Several strains isolated from different countries clustered together by cgMLST; however, different clusters shared the same ST. Developing an action plan on AMR, increasing awareness and prohibiting the selling of antibiotics without prescription must be mandatory for this region. Such efforts are critical for enforcing targeted policies on the rational use of carbapenem compounds and controlling AMR dissemination and emergence in general.
Skeletal Lipocalin-2 Is Associated with Iron-Related Oxidative Stress in ob/ob Mice with Sarcopenia
Authors: Choi Eun Bee , Jeong Jae Hun , Jang Hye Min , Ahn Yu Jeong , Kim Kyu Hyeon , An Hyeong Seok , Lee Jong Youl , Jeong Eun Ae , Lee Jaewoong , Shin Hyun Joo , Kim Kyung Eun , Roh Gu Seob
Published: May 2021

Obesity and insulin resistance accelerate aging-related sarcopenia, which is associated with iron load and oxidative stress. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an iron-binding protein that has been associated with skeletal muscle regeneration, but details regarding its role in obese sarcopenia remain unclear. Here, we report that elevated LCN2 levels in skeletal muscle are linked to muscle atrophy-related inflammation and oxidative stress in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. RNA sequencing analyses indicated the LCN2 gene expression is enhanced in skeletal muscle of ob/ob mice with sarcopenia. In addition to muscular iron accumulation in ob/ob mice, expressions of iron homeostasis-related divalent metal transporter 1, ferritin, and hepcidin proteins were increased in ob/ob mice compared to lean littermates, whereas expressions of transferrin receptor and ferroportin were reduced. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that LCN2 functions as a potent proinflammatory factor in skeletal muscle in response to obesity-related sarcopenia and is thus a therapeutic candidate target for sarcopenia treatment.
Modulations of Cardiac Functions and Pathogenesis by Reactive Oxygen Species and Natural Antioxidants
Authors: Woo Sun-Hee , Kim Joon-Chul , Eslenur Nipa , Trinh Tran Nguyet , Do Long Nguyen Hoàng
Published: May 2021

Homeostasis in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiac myocytes plays a critical role in regulating their physiological functions. Disturbance of balance between generation and removal of ROS is a major cause of cardiac myocyte remodeling, dysfunction, and failure. Cardiac myocytes possess several ROS-producing pathways, such as mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADPH oxidases, and nitric oxide synthases, and have endogenous antioxidation mechanisms. Cardiac Ca2+-signaling toolkit proteins, as well as mitochondrial functions, are largely modulated by ROS under physiological and pathological conditions, thereby producing alterations in contraction, membrane conductivity, cell metabolism and cell growth and death. Mechanical stresses under hypertension, post-myocardial infarction, heart failure, and valve diseases are the main causes for stress-induced cardiac remodeling and functional failure, which are associated with ROS-induced pathogenesis. Experimental evidence demonstrates that many cardioprotective natural antioxidants, enriched in foods or herbs, exert beneficial effects on cardiac functions (Ca2+ signal, contractility and rhythm), myocytes remodeling, inflammation and death in pathological hearts. The review may provide knowledge and insight into the modulation of cardiac pathogenesis by ROS and natural antioxidants.
The Effect of Carnosol, Carnosic Acid and Rosmarinic Acid on the Oxidative Stability of Fat-Filled Milk Powders throughout Accelerated Oxidation Storage
Authors: Tzima Katerina , Brunton Nigel P. , McCarthy Noel A. , Kilcawley Kieran N. , Mannion David T. , Rai Dilip K.
Published: May 2021

The in vitro antioxidant effects of the most potent antioxidants of rosemary, namely carnosol, carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid (c: ca: ra) were assessed in fat-filled milk powders (FFMPs) under accelerated conditions (40 °C and relative humidity (RH) 23%) over 90 days. Lipid oxidation was assessed in FFMPs by measuring peroxide values (PVs), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and aroma volatiles using headspace (HS) solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant potency of c: ca: ra exhibited a concentration-related effect (308 ppm > 200 ppm > 77 ppm), with the highest concentration being the most effective at controlling the formation of TBARS and PVs. At a concentration of 308 ppm c: ca: ra were particularly effective (p < 0.05) in inhibiting all the evaluated oxidation indices (primary and secondary) compared to the control samples, but in some cases less effectively (p < 0.05) than butylated hydroxyanisole: butylated hydroxytoluene (BHA: BHT) (200 ppm).
Properties of Dry Hopped Dark Beers with High Xanthohumol Content
Authors: Paszkot Justyna , Kawa-Rygielska Joanna , Anioł Mirosław
Published: May 2021

The antioxidant activity of beers comes mainly from phenolic compounds and melanoidins. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of technological operations, especially the ethanol fermentation process using top fermentation brewer’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on the antioxidant activity of dark dry hopped beers with a high xanthohumol content. Four beers were produced using different varieties of hops. The polyphenol content during beer processing increased at the stage of hopping and fermentation, while it decreased during aging. The ability to reduce iron ions increased for all beers compared to hopped wort. The opposite tendency was noted for the antioxidant capacity expressed as the ability to reduce the radical cation ABTS•+ generated from 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). Fermentation and aging caused a decrease in beer color intensity. The content of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) increased with the color intensity of wort, therefore in beers no presence of 5-HMF was observed. The beers were characterized by a distinctly high content of xanthohumol in the range of 1.77–3.83 mg/L and 0.85–1.19 mg/L of isoxanthohumol. The content of prenylflavonoids and bitterness of beer depended on the variety of hops used.
Effects of Green Alga, Chaetomorpha aerea Extract on Non-Specific Immune Responses and Disease Resistance against Edwardsiella tarda Infection in Labeo rohita
Authors: Sattanathan Govindharajan , Tamizhazhagan Vairakannu , Raza Nadeem , Shah Syed Qaswar Ali , Hussain Muhammad Zubair , Kim Ki-Hyun
Published: May 2021

The current study evaluated the effects of a methanol extract from Chaetomorpha aerea (a green alga) on non-specific immune responses and resistance against Edwardsiella tarda infection in Labeo rohita. Different doses of the extract (5, 50 and 500 mg/kg of body weight) were injected into the fish intraperitoneally while a control group was injected with 0.2 mL of sterile physiological salt solution. Variations in several immunostimulatory parameters (i.e., neutrophil, serum lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, serum antiprotease, and ceruloplasmin activity), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) were assessed after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of post stimulation. E. tarda culture was injected into the fish after 28 days of post stimulation to induce infection to monitor fish mortality within 14 days. Interestingly, all doses of methanolic extract enhanced neutrophil, lysozyme, and myeloperoxidase activity, ROS and RNS, while a dose of 50 mg/kg was the most effective. Fish injected with this optimal dose were also protected against infection with virulent strain of E. tarda. The results of the study suggest that C. aerea extract is a potential prophylactic agent against bacterial infections in finfish.
Assessment of Contact Pressures between a Mandibular Overdenture and the Prosthodontic Area
Authors: Idzior-Haufa Małgorzata , Pilarska Agnieszka A. , Gajewski Tomasz , Szajek Krzysztof , Faściszewski Łukasz , Boniecki Piotr , Pilarski Krzysztof , Łukaszewska-Kuska Magdalena , Dorocka-Bobkowska Barbara
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we assess the pressure between the overdenture located in the mandible and supported by a bar retained on two implants and the prosthodontic area. For testing, a model of an edentulous mandible was created using a mold by FRASACO with two implants and a “rider” bar inserted. A complete mandibular denture with polypropylene matrices was made. Three types of matrices of various stiffness were applied. The mandible and overdenture geometry was mapped using a digital image obtained with a Steinbichler Comet L3D 3D scanner. Finite element method calculations were performed in the Abaqus FEA software. The results demonstrate that the maximum contact pressure is observed when the loads are associated with canines. A critical case for the lower posterior is chewing performed by the molars. The pressure zone is the largest for POM-1 with Young’s modulus of 1.5 GPa and is reduced by 5.0% and 7.8% for POM-2 (E = 2.5 GPa) and POM-3 (E = 3.5 GPa), respectively. The stress distribution under the prosthesis mostly depends on the region loaded onto it. The applied load produces a slight contact pressure between the denture and the prosthodontic area in the anterior zone. A change in polypropylene matrix stiffness does not affect contact pressures.
Field Testing Protocols for Talent Identification and Development in Basketball—A Systematic Review
Authors: Gál-Pottyondy Anna , Petró Bálint , Czétényi András , Négyesi János , Nagatomi Ryoichi , Kiss Rita M.
Published: May 2021

Basketball is one of the most popular team sports in the world. A wide variety of athletic skills can be valuable indicators of a talented player. Testing these skills help trainers and scouts to make the best decisions during both youth and adult player selection of different competitive levels and field positions. However, scientific data regarding the association between field tests results and match statistics is sparse. We conducted a systematic review to logically summarize the physical field tests of athletic abilities and anthropometric measures used in basketball in different player positions at different levels, and to determine whether test results may correlate with match statistics. A comprehensive electronic literature search was performed via three electronic databases (PubMed, GoogleScholar, SportDiscus). The CASP checklist was used for checking the quality of reporting for all included articles. Based on 39 studies, it could be supported that the agility, speed and jumping test values seem to be crucial measures for basketball players. Anthropometry appeared to be the strongest discriminative factor between basketball positions, therefore, these values need to be significantly considered during selection. Moreover, the maturity status is also an important influencing factor for U-18 teams. In general, we found that successful players can be identified by their nonplanned agility and reactive power, considering that these factors affect match outcomes the most at the same competitive level.
Smart Helmet-Based Personnel Proximity Warning System for Improving Underground Mine Safety
Authors: Kim Yeanjae , Baek Jieun , Choi Yosoon
Published: May 2021

A smart helmet-based wearable personnel proximity warning system was developed to prevent collisions between equipment and pedestrians in mines. The smart helmet worn by pedestrians receives signals transmitted by Bluetooth beacons attached to heavy equipment, light vehicles, or dangerous zones, and provides visual LED warnings to the pedestrians and operators simultaneously. A performance test of the proposed system was conducted in an underground limestone mine. It was confirmed that as the transmission power of the Bluetooth beacon increased, the Bluetooth low energy (BLE) signal detection distance of the system also increased. The average BLE signal detection distance was at least 10 m, regardless of the facing angle between the smart helmet and Bluetooth beacon. The subjective workload for the smartphone-, smart glasses-, and smart helmet-based proximity warning system (PWS) was evaluated using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration task load index. All six workload parameters were the lowest when using the smart helmet-based PWS. The smart helmet-based PWS can provide visual proximity warning alerts to both the equipment operator and the pedestrian, and it can be expanded to provide worker health monitoring and hazard awareness functions by adding sensors to the Arduino board.
Observer-Based Consensus Control for Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems with Output Saturations
Authors: Lim Young-Hun , Lee Gwang-Seok
Published: May 2021

This paper studies the consensus problem for heterogeneous multi-agent systems with output saturations. We consider the agents to have different dynamics and assume that the agents are neutrally stable and that the communication graph is undirected. The goal of this paper is to achieve the consensus for leaderless and leader-following cases. To solve this problem, we propose the observer-based distributed consensus algorithms, which consists of three parts: the nonlinear observer, the reference generator, and the regulator. Then, we analyze the consensus based on the Lasalle’s Invariance Principle and the input-to-state stability. Finally, we provide numerical examples to demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithms.
The Cytotoxic Activity of Diiron Bis-Cyclopentadienyl Complexes with Bridging C3-Ligands
Authors: Braccini Simona , Provinciali Giacomo , Biancalana Lorenzo , Pampaloni Guido , Chiellini Federica , Marchetti Fabio
Published: May 2021

Diiron bis-cyclopentadienyl bis-carbonyl cationic complexes with a bridging vinyliminium ligand, [Fe2Cp2(CO)(μ-CO){μ-η1:η3-C3(R′)C2HC1NMe(R″)}]CF3SO3 (R = Xyl = 2,6-C6H3Me2, R′ = Ph, R″ = H, 2a; R = Xyl, R′ = R″ = Me, 2b; R = R′ = Me, R″ = H, 2c; R = Me, R′ = 2-naphthyl, R″ = H, 2d; R = Me, R′ = R″ = Ph, 2e), are easily available from commercial chemicals, robust in aqueous media and exert a variable in vitro cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines depending on the nature of the substituents on the vinyliminium ligand. The anticancer activity is, at least in part, associated to fragmentation reactions, leading to iron oxidation and active neutral and well-defined monoiron species. We report an innovative synthetic procedure for the preparation of 2a,c,d, and a facile method to access the monoiron derivative of 2a, i.e., [FeCp(CO){C1(NMeXyl)C2HC3(Ph)C(O)}] (3a). According to IC50 analyses at different times of incubation of the complexes, 3a is significantly faster in inhibiting cell viability compared to its diiron precursor 2a. The neutral complexes [Fe2Cp2(CO)(μ-CO){μ-k1N:k1C:k1C-C3(R′)C2(Se)C1(NMe2)C4(CO2Y)C5(CO2Y)}] (R′ = Y = Me, 4a; R′ = Pr, Y = tBu, 4b; R′ = Y = Et, 4c) are obtained via the two-step modification of the vinyliminium moiety and comprise a bridging selenophene-decorated alkylidene ligand. The antiproliferative activity exhibited by 4a-c is moderate but comparable on the ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and the corresponding cisplatin resistant cell line, A2780cisR. Complexes 4a-c in aqueous solutions undergo progressive release of the alkylidene ligand as a functionalized selenophene, this process being slower in cell culture medium. Since the released selenophenes SeC1{C(O)R′}C2(NMe2)C3(CO2Y)C4(CO2Y) (R′ = Y = Me, 5a; R′ = Pr, Y = tBu, 5b) are substantially not cytotoxic, it is presumable that the activity of 4a-c is largely ascribable to the {Fe2Cp2(CO)2} scaffold.
Adjustment of an Integrated Geodetic Network Composed of GNSS Vectors and Classical Terrestrial Linear Pseudo-Observations
Authors: Gargula Tadeusz
Published: May 2021

The paper proposes a new method for adjusting classical terrestrial observations (total station) together with satellite (GNSS-Global Navigation Satellite Systems) vectors. All the observations are adjusted in a single common three-dimensional system of reference. The proposed method does not require the observations to be projected onto an ellipsoid or converted between reference systems. The adjustment process follows the transformation of a classical geodetic network (distances and horizontal and vertical angles) into a spatial linear (distance) network. This step facilitates easy integration with GNSS vectors when results are numerically processed. The paper offers detailed formulas for calculating pseudo-observations (spatial distances) from input terrestrial observations (horizontal and vertical angles, horizontal distances, height of instrument and height of target). The next stage was to set observation equations and transform them into a linear form (functional adjustment model of geodetic observations). A method was provided as well for determining the mean errors of the pseudo-observations, necessary to assess the accuracy of the values following the adjustment (point coordinates). The proposed algorithm was verified in practice whereby an integrated network made up of a GNSS vector network and a classical linear-angular network was adjusted.
Y2O3:Eu3+ Nanophosphor-Coated Mica or TiO2/Mica as Red-Emitting Pearl Pigment: Coating Factors, Luminescent and Gloss Properties
Authors: Ban Se-Min , Ullah Mahboob , Jung Kyeong Youl , Choi Byung-Ki , Kang Kwang-Jung , Kang Myung Chang , Kim Dae-Sung
Published: May 2021

Red-emitted Y2O3:Eu3+ nanophosphor coated on a mica flake (Y2O3:Eu@MF) or on TiO2 having a rutile crystalline mica flake (Y2O3:Eu@TMF) has been prepared by an electrostatic interaction with the wet-coating method for the purpose of a pigment with luminescent and gloss properties. Aggregated Y2O3:Eu3+, prepared by the template method, was dispersed into nanosol by a controlled bead-mill wet process. The (+) charged Y2O3:Eu3+ nanosol was effectively coated on the (−) charged mica flake (MF) or the TiO2/mica flake (TMF) by an electrostatic interaction between the Y2O3:Eu3+ nanoparticles and MF or TMF at pH 6–8. The coating factors of Y2O3:Eu@MF were also studied and optimized by controlling the pH, stirring temperature, calcination temperature, and coating amount of Y2O3:Eu3+. The Y2O3:Eu3+ was partially coated and optimized on the MF or TMF surface with a coating coverage of about 40–50% or 60–70%, respectively. Y2O3:Eu@MF and Y2O3:Eu@TMF were exhibiting the luminescent property of a red color under a 254 nm wavelength, and had a color purity of over 95% according to CIE chromaticity coordinates. These materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FE-SEM, zeta potential, and a fluorescence spectrometer. These materials with luminescent and gloss properties prepared in this work potentially meet their applications for security purposes.
Waste Management Strategies to Mitigate the Effects of Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases on Climate Change
Authors: Castro Paulo J. , Aráujo João M. M. , Martinho Graça , Pereiro Ana B.
Published: May 2021

Fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases) are used for various applications, such as in refrigeration and air conditioning, as substitutes of the ozone-depleting substances. Their utilization has increased drastically over the last few decades, with serious consequences for global warming. The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol and several national and international legislations, such as the 2014 EU F-gas Regulation, aim to control the utilization and emissions of these gases. In the EU, the phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) is underway, with successive reductions in quotas up to 2050. Under this scenario, efficient strategies for managing the produced and already existing F-gases are of vital importance to guarantee that their effect on the environment is mitigated. Up to now, most of the F-gases recovered from end-of-life equipment or when retrofitting systems are either released into the atmosphere or destroyed. However, in order to put forward a cost-efficient adaptation to the F-gas phase-down, increasing separation and recycling efforts must be made. This critical review aims at providing a revision of the current F-gas management problems and strategies and providing an overview on the innovative strategies that can be applied to contribute to build a sustainable market under circular economy principles.
Metabolic Reprogramming: Strategy for Ischemic Stroke Treatment by Ischemic Preconditioning
Authors: Liang Jing , Han Rongrong , Zhou Bing
Published: May 2021

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and permanent disability worldwide. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is an endogenous protective strategy, which has been reported to exhibit a significant neuroprotective effect in reducing the incidence of ischemic stroke. However, the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms of IPC remain elusive. An increased understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of stroke and IPC serves to highlight the importance of metabolic reprogramming. In this review, we summarize the metabolic disorder and metabolic plasticity in the incidence and progression of ischemic stroke. We also elaborate how IPC fully mobilizes the metabolic reprogramming to maintain brain metabolic homeostasis, especially for energy and redox homeostasis, and finally protects brain function in the event of an ischemic stroke.
The Combination of Paraformaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde Is a Potential Fixative for Mitochondria
Authors: Qin Yuan , Jiang Wenting , Li Anqi , Gao Meng , Liu Hanyu , Gao Yufei , Tian Xiangang , Gong Guohua
Published: May 2021

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles, constantly undergoing shape changes, which are controlled by mitochondrial movement, fusion, and fission. Mitochondria play a pivotal role in various cellular processes under physiological and pathological conditions, including metabolism, superoxide generation, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis. Abnormal mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial protein expression are always closely related to the health status of cells. Analysis of mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial protein expression in situ is widely used to reflect the abnormality of cell function in the chemical fixed sample. Paraformaldehyde (PFA), the most commonly used fixative in cellular immunostaining, still has disadvantages, including loss of antigenicity and disruption of morphology during fixation. We tested the effect of ethanol (ETHO), PFA, and glutaraldehyde (GA) fixation on cellular mitochondria. The results showed that 3% PFA and 1.5% GA (PFA-GA) combination reserved mitochondrial morphology better than them alone in situ in cells. Mitochondrial network and protein antigenicity were well maintained, indicated by preserved MitoTracker and mitochondrial immunostaining after PFA-GA fixation. Our results suggest that the PFA-GA combination is a valuable fixative for the study of mitochondria in situ.