bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The precarious lives of others: studying community, treatment, and precarity in Homebound
Authors: John Shobha Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

This paper explores themes of precarity, community, and treatment in the novel Homebound (2021) by Puja Changoiwala. The text foregrounds the experiences of migrant workers in India during the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 as they walked home during a nationwide lockdown. The paper locates itself within discourses on health, differential treatment, and intersectional vulnerabilities which are compounded by factors including gender and poverty. It particularly highlights the concepts of precariousness and precarity as opening up multiple avenues for exploration of the migrants’ experience within the neoliberal political economy. The paper argues that it is the pre-existing precarities that are systemic, epistemic, and gendered, which aggravate the vulnerability of communities in a medical crisis. Furthermore, it looks at how social and medical treatment of the workers facilitates violence at the hands of those who perceive them as the ill-other – the police forces, the public, the healthcare workers, and the media. It also questions the logic that underlines spaces such as pandemic camps, which become sites of control more than care, and where medical treatment is inhered in socio-political biases and constructs. The paper argues that apprehending these experiences of socioeconomic and gendered precarities through literature can aid in developing a complex and sustained engagement with unequal socio-political systems that perpetuate violence and vulnerability.
Geodetic advances in Estonia 2018–2022
Authors: Kollo Karin , Ellmann Artu
Published: January 2024

Geodetic advances in Estonia within the Nordic Geodetic Commission activity term 2018–2022 are reviewed. The new Estonian height and gravity systems and a new geoid model, EST-GEOID207, have been implemented. A national global navigation satellite system (GNSS) satellite data centre (ESTPOS) was established at the Estonian Land Board (ELB). ELB has also acquired instruments capable of detecting GNSS interference. ELB and Latvian Geospatial Information Agency conducted the Interreg-funded joint Estonian–Latvian cross-border project “Harmonization of Estonian and Latvian geodetic systems in the border areas” within 2021–2022.
Identifying topology of leaky photonic lattices with machine learning
Authors: Smolina Ekaterina , Smirnov Lev , Leykam Daniel , Nori Franco , Smirnova Daria
Published: January 2024

We show how machine learning techniques can be applied for the classification of topological phases in finite leaky photonic lattices using limited measurement data. We propose an approach based solely on a single real-space bulk intensity image, thus exempt from complicated phase retrieval procedures. In particular, we design a fully connected neural network that accurately determines topological properties from the output intensity distribution in dimerized waveguide arrays with leaky channels, after propagation of a spatially localized initial excitation at a finite distance, in a setting that closely emulates realistic experimental conditions.
Reconfigurable application-specific photonic integrated circuit for solving partial differential equations
Authors: Ye Jiachi , Shen Chen , Peserico Nicola , Meng Jiawei , Ma Xiaoxuan , Nouri Behrouz Movahhed , Popescu Cosmin-Constantin , Hu Juejun , Kang Haoyan , Wang Hao , El-Ghazawi Tarek , Dalir Hamed , Sorger Volker J.
Published: January 2024

Solving mathematical equations faster and more efficiently has been a Holy Grail for centuries for scientists and engineers across all disciplines. While electronic digital circuits have revolutionized equation solving in recent decades, it has become apparent that performance gains from brute-force approaches of compute-solvers are quickly saturating over time. Instead, paradigms that leverage the universes’ natural tendency to minimize a system’s free energy, such as annealers or Ising Machines, are being sought after due to favorable complexity scaling. Here, we introduce a programmable analog solver leveraging the formal mathematical equivalence between Maxwell’s equations and photonic circuitry. It features a mesh network of nanophotonic beams to find solutions to partial differential equations. As an example, we designed, fabricated, and demonstrated a novel application-specific photonic integrated circuit comprised of electro-optically reconfigurable nodes and experimentally validated 90 % accuracy with respect to a commercial solver. Finally, we tested this photonic integrated chip performance by simulating thermal diffusion on a spacecraft’s heat shield during re-entry to a planet’s atmosphere. The programmable light-circuitry presented herein offers a facile route for solving complex problems and thus will have profound potential applications across many scientific and engineering fields.
In silico and in vitro profiling of coumarins and flavonoids for anti-Alzheimer and antioxidant activity
Authors: Osman Limya Yagoup , Awad Talal Ahmed , Abdalla Sahar , El-Faki Mohamed Osman , Ali Amna , Fadul Alla Eltayeb Fadul
Published: January 2024

In this study, we examined the potential anti-Alzheimer’s and antioxidant activities of 12 analogs of coumarin and flavone compounds. Notably, nitro coumarins 6 and 7 demonstrated noteworthy activity against acetylcholinesterase, although they did not exhibit antioxidant properties. Among the tested compounds, four flavones and one coumarin displayed dual activity as both inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and antioxidants. Particularly, flavone 9 exhibited exceptional antioxidant activity as well as substantial anti-cholinesterase activity. Molecular docking techniques were employed to investigate the relationship between the anti-Alzheimer’s and antioxidant potential of the compounds. Intriguingly, compound 9 displayed the strongest binding energy values with both monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) enzyme (−15.70 kcal/mol) and acetylcholinesterase enzyme (−21.70 kcal/mol), indicating that its antioxidant activity may be attributed to MAO-B inhibition. The pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of five compounds (5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) were examined using pkCSM server, revealing varying characteristics in absorption, CYP enzyme interactions, and toxicity. Compound 8 displays high absorption and lower toxicity, while Compound 6 emerges as a promising candidate due to favorable overall attributes. Nonetheless, comprehensive evaluation, including clinical studies, is crucial for determining their suitability for human use.
Characterization of glass composite material by pressureless sintering of soil and its application to uranium contaminated soil as a waste form
Authors: Hwang Jaewoong , Koo Jaseung , Lee Keunyoung
Published: January 2024

When operating and dismantling a nuclear facility that handles uranium, the surrounding soil may be contaminated, emphasizing the need for appropriate treatment and disposal methods for soil waste. This study assessed high-temperature sintering technology for uranium contaminated soil waste to overcome limitations in existing decontamination methods and the volume increase associated with current solidification technology. The sintering process was found to effectively vitrify and re-mineralize complex chemical components in the soil. Sintered bodies were produced under varying conditions, adjusting molding pressure, heating temperature, and time. Optimized conditions resulted in sintered bodies with a volume reduction rate exceeding 30 % and a compressive strength surpassing 10 MPa, indicating a significant impact on the phase conversion and re-mineralization of silt and clay minerals. The soil sintering mechanism was identified through comprehensive microscopic observations and mineral phase change analysis. Leaching evaluations of sintered bodies, made from simulated uranium-contaminated soil, demonstrated their applicability to contaminated soil wastes. Additionally, it was confirmed that the sintering temperature of the soil could be lowered by incorporating a small amount of B2O3, suggesting a means to enhance the economic feasibility of the treatment process. The findings of this study highlight the applicability of pressureless sintering technology, based on glass composite materials, capable of simultaneously reducing and stabilizing uranium-contaminated soil waste.
Análisis de contenido sobre Educación Ambiental Energética:
Authors: Acosta Flores Erick , Maldonado González Ana Lucía
Published: January 2024

En este artículo se presentan resultados parciales de una investigación en proceso. En ella se analiza la forma en que los jóvenes universitarios del área técnica de la Universidad Veracruzana (UV) se informan sobre Educación Ambiental Energética (EAE) desde sus planes de estudio (PE). El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la posible integración de la dimensión ambiental en educación energética en la estructura curricular. Se muestra aquí el análisis de contenido de ocho planes de estudio, donde se identificaron diversos segmentos relacionados con la EAE con base en las categorías sustantivas y formales definidas. En los hallazgos se muestra una fuerte intensión en cuanto a la introducción de la sustentabilidad; sin embargo, en algunos de los planes de estudio se detectaron contraposiciones con sesgo hacia una cultura extractivista.
Stability Analysis of Binary Wing Flutter Based on Cyclic Symmetry Algorithm in Internet of Things Environment
Authors: Wang Jinliang , Gao Weicheng
Published: January 2024

This paper studies the flutter stability analysis characteristics of the two-dimensional wing based on the cyclic symmetry algorithm. First, the cyclic symmetry algorithm is analyzed. The two-dimensional wing model and the wing model with two degrees of freedom of pitch and heave are designed. According to the two models, the aerodynamic model and the wing dynamic equation are constructed. Without considering the random disturbance of the equations, the zero-balance characteristic matrix is designed, and the Mach number of the incoming flow is selected as the bifurcation parameter to judge the stability of the binary wing. In the simulation experiment, the influence of “wing/air” mass ratio and “heave/pitch” natural vibration frequency ratio on flutter velocity boundary is mainly studied. From the research results, it can be seen that the analysis effect of this algorithm is good, and the adverse effect of hysteresis nonlinear factors can be reduced by increasing the natural vibration frequency ratio.
Relationship between Serum Selenium Levels and Hypertension: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009–2018
Authors: Lili Wang , Liwei Guo
Published: January 2024

Objective: This study was aimed at evaluating the association between serum selenium (Se) levels and hypertension in United States (US) adults.

Methods: Data were extracted from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2009–2018). Multivariate logistic regression and subgroup analysis were conducted to examine associations between Se and hypertension.

Results: Patients with hypertension had higher serum Se levels than healthy participants (P = 0.01017). After adjustment for demographic and health behaviors, serum Se levels were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure in women (OR = 0.014; 95% CI: 0.001–0.027; P = 0.04174). Serum Se levels were significantly associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in both women and men. In subgroup analysis, serum Se levels were significantly associated with higher diastolic blood pressure (P for trend <0.001).

Conclusion: In summary, this analysis supports a nonlinear association between serum Se levels and the prevalence of hypertension, and higher serum Se levels were associated with higher DBP.
Use-dependent, untapped dual kinase signaling localized in brain learning circuitry
Authors: Sears James C. , Broadie Kendal
Published: January 2024

Imaging brain learning and memory circuit kinase signaling is a monumental challenge. Theseparation ofphases-basedactivityreporter ofkinase (SPARK) biosensors allow circuit-localized studies of multiple interactive kinasesin vivo, including protein kinase A (PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. In the precisely-mappedDrosophilabrain learning/memory circuit, we find PKA and ERK signaling differentially enriched in distinct Kenyon cell connectivity nodes. We discover that potentiating normal circuit activity induces circuit-localized PKA and ERK signaling, expanding kinase function within new presynaptic and postsynaptic domains. Activity-induced PKA signaling shows extensive overlap with previously selective ERK signaling nodes, while activity-induced ERK signaling arises in new connectivity nodes. We find targeted synaptic transmission blockade in Kenyon cells elevates circuit-localized ERK induction in Kenyon cells with normally high baseline ERK signaling, suggesting lateral and feedback inhibition. We discover overexpression of the pathway-linking Meng-Po (human SBK1) serine/threonine kinase to improve learning acquisition and memory consolidation results in dramatically heightened PKA and ERK signaling in separable Kenyon cell circuit connectivity nodes, revealing both synchronized and untapped signaling potential. Finally, we find that a mechanically-induced epileptic seizure model (easily shocked“bang-sensitive” mutants) has strongly elevated, circuit-localized PKA and ERK signaling. Both sexes were used in all experiments, except for the hemizygous male-only seizure model. Hyperexcitable, learning-enhanced, and epileptic seizure models have comparably elevated interactive kinase signaling, suggesting a common basis of use-dependent induction. We conclude that PKA and ERK signaling modulation is locally coordinated in use-dependent spatial circuit dynamics underlying seizure susceptibility linked to learning/memory potential.

Significance StatementCritical protein kinases act in learning/memory circuits to enable experience-dependent plasticity. This work images kinase signalingin vivoto elucidate circuit-level organization relative to mapped connectivity nodes. We discover different kinases exhibit heightened signaling in different circuit domains, which is dramatically reorganized by use-dependent synaptic transmission and circuit activity levels. We discover the newest learning/memory kinase, Meng-Po/SBK1, co-regulates different kinases within distinct circuit connectivity nodes. Targeted over-expression of Meng-Po/SBK1 improves learning and memory, and elevates kinase signaling, indicating untapped kinase signaling potential may enhance capabilities to learn and remember. Linked heightened seizure susceptibility similarly increases kinase signaling in learning/memory circuitry, indicating a trade-off of benefit for instability. This work mechanistically connects hyperexcitation seizure susceptibility and learning/memory via circuit-level kinase signaling.
The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on managerial functions: Theory verified by Delphi method
Authors: Noskova Marta , Kutlak Jiri
Published: January 2024

The aim of the article is to analyse the performance of managerial functions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The first part of the article focuses on a systematic literature review (SLR) aimed at identifying the most frequently researched managerial functions in the context of changes due to the pandemic and the difficulties in performing these functions. A total of 211 articles from the Web of Science database were analysed, 18 of which were relevant to the present research. Based on the SLR conducted, two research questions were identified and answered by conducting a three-round Delphi survey among the experts interviewed (a total of 23 company managers). The results show that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the managerial function of planning has the highest importance and was performed the most often, followed by the function of leading. The managers gave minor importance to the organising function, which was statistically confirmed by Friedmann ANOVA followed by post hoc analysis – the Bonferroni-Dunn test. The results also confirmed a satisfactory level of expert agreement on the data obtained (Kendall W ~ 0.7–0.84), confirming the relevance of the findings. Also, several internal barriers that affected the work of managers were identified. The results are somewhat unusual, as most of the constraints faced by managers were imposed by the external environment, such as government regulations or sanitary measures. This discrepancy suggests that companies should emphasise improving their crisis management in the future. The results obtained thus provide the basis for further research in the area analysed. At the same time, it is possible to move away from the COVID-19 situation and transform the issue into managerial management in crises.
Postaci kobiece w pamiętnikach Albrychta Radziwiłła
Authors:   Instytut Studiów Kobiecych / Muzeum Podlaskie w Białymstoku (Polska), Kossakowski Krzysztof
Published: January 2024

Women’s influence on political affairs in 17th-century Poland is a rather problematic matter. Offices and titles were reserved for men only, which means that formally women were completely excluded from political power. However, they could affect it to some extent using their discreet influence – through their husbands, sons or brothers and members of their political parties. This influence was publicly known in many cases but it found very little reflection in official documents. This is the reason why information about this influence could be found only in letters and memoires. The memoires of Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł are one of the most useful sources in this case. This was because, one, the author achieved a really high rank in Polish state, and two, his memoires include relatively long (more than 20 years) period of time.
Emigrantka – intelektualistka: przypadek Aurelii Wyleżyńskiej. Wstęp do badań
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Siedlcach (Polska), Walęciuk-Dejneka Beata
Published: January 2024

The article is a literary (preliminary) attempt to look at the modest literary output of Aurelia Wyleżyńska, a writer and publicist, practically unknown and forgotten. It is also an attempt to discuss her female perspective on the world. The heroines of Wyleżyńska’s novel are strong, independent, courageous, lonely women who want happiness, love, and sometimes a partner. Seemingly weak and submissive, in fact resourceful, progressive, rising above the average, they do not give in to the pressure of the environment and from the most difficult experiences they can draw the knowledge necessary for further development, becoming advocates of change themselves. Wyleżyńska was then an emancipator in the best sense of the word, and at the same time managed to maintain a childlike sensitivity in observing the world.
Praca wychowawczo-propagandowa i kształtowanie postaw ochotniczek Pomocniczej Służby Kobiet (1940–1945)
Authors:   Instytut Pamięci Narodowej w Warszawie (Polska), Marcinkiewicz-Kaczmarczyk Anna
Published: January 2024

The Women’s Auxiliary Service was established in 1941 after the conclusion of the Sikorski–Mayski agreement. The first women’s military troops were created in 1941 in the Polish Armed Forces in the Soviet Union. Women served as nurses, doctors, liaison officers and they worked in common-room and military departments. Many female soldiers organized educational activities for soldiers and participated in shaping their attitudes. At the beginning, military authorities did not conduct the propaganda work for women who were serving in the Women’s Auxiliary Service. The Welfare and Education Department in the Main Inspectorate of WAS was established in January 1943. The most important goal of this institution was to organize the propaganda work for female soldiers, who also continued to organize educational activities for soldiers.
Trendy w modzie „robotniczej” w Polskiej Kronice Filmowej
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku / Instytut Studiów Kobiecych (Polska), Kowalska Justyna
Published: January 2024

The Polish Chronicle is an excellent source of knowledge about life during the Polish People’s Republic. As a propaganda medium, the chronicle smuggled in broadcast editions the guidelines given to it in circulars containing censorship instructions and guidelines. In the case of fashion matters, this was the removal of all elements unrelated to socialist Poland (including those stemming from Polish national identity), the promotion of qualities such as simplicity, modesty, practicality, as well as the negation and elimination of all extravagance, manifestations of non-conformism and the desire to express one’s ‘self’ through the choice of clothing. The article provides an overview of the fashion issues brought up in the pages of the Chronicle in relation to both national and international fashion. The analysis covers both the editions relating strictly to fashion, but also those showing the everyday life of Poles, and therefore presenting their style of dress both at work and in leisure time.
Role społeczne kobiet w przestrzeni publicznej i prywatnej w prasie typu people na przykładzie magazynu „Viva!” w latach 1997–2001
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach (Polska), Sałek Weronika
Published: January 2024

The article is an attempt to define the social roles of women presented in Viva! in the years 1997‒2001. The opening of the magazine Viva! in 1997 initiated the Polish people-type press segment, which is an intermediate form between the entertainment and gossip press and true story magazines. By presenting news about people recognizable through press profiles and interviews, Viva! combines aspects of public and private lives of woman characters. This is reflected in the social roles presented by the magazine. The quantitative analysis, preceded by theoretical considerations, was performed on 763 profiles of women on the passive plane (the characters of media coverages). The content analysis allowed the author to identify the social roles of women of the media coverage. The study revealed that women featured in the magazine Viva! actively participate in public and private spaces, playing a variety of roles, including those that are classically identified with both spheres: professional and family, as well as those non-standard, related to the specificity of the magazine – the roles of relatives and affinities of famous people.
Administrative Courts in Lithuania: History, Evolution, the Present, and Perspectives
Authors:   Vilniaus universitetas (Vilnius University, Lithuania), Bareikytė Simona , Deviatnikovaitė Ieva ,   Mykolo Romerio universitetas (Mykolas Romeris University, Lithuania), Jacevič Barbara ,   Mykolo Romerio universitetas (Mykolas Romeris University, Lithuania), Paužaitė-Kulvinskienė Jurgita ,   Vilniaus universitetas (Vilnius University, Lithuania)
Published: January 2024

Judicial review of the legality of administrative acts is one of the most important elements of the rule of law. The institute of administrative justice began to develop in the 19th century: in 1872 The French Council of State was given a function of judicial review, the Administrative Court in Vienna (Austria-Hungary) was established in 1867, in Baden (Germany) in 1863, etc. After the First World War, administrative courts were established in several European countries. The law on the Supreme Administrative Court and its Jurisdiction in Czechoslovakia was adopted in 1918. The Law for the Supreme Administrative Court in Poland was issued in 1922. Administrative courts were also functioning in other countries (Latvia, Estonia). In Lithuania administrative courts were established for the first time in 1999, although up to fifteen draft laws on the Administrative Court were prepared in the interwar Lithuania. This article was written on the occasion of the centenary of the Polish administrative courts. Thus, the purpose of the article is to familiarize the readers with Lithuanian administrative courts, starting with the development of the institute of administrative justice from 1918 and ending with the perspectives of judicial review formed in that time. Therefore, the authors of the article set the following objectives: to remind of the origins of administrative justice in Lithuania from 1918 to 1940; to reveal the course of the establishment of administrative courts after the Restoration of the Independence of the Republic of Lithuania in 1990, briefly discussing who and on the basis of which legal acts controlled the legality of administrative acts during the Soviet era; to provide the insights of institutional evelopment as well as competence development of the administrative courts; to present contemporary administrative process, giving some insights about the status quo; to present the features of and the most relevant reforms of administrative process. Abbreviations used in the article are as follows: CSARL – Central State Archive of the Republic ofLithuania, MDWLLAS – Manuscript Department of the Wróblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences.
Ewolucja udziału organizacji społecznej w postępowaniu przed sądem administracyjnym
Authors:   WSPiA Rzeszowska Szkoła Wyższa (WSPiA University of Rzeszów, Poland), Czarnik Zbigniew
Published: January 2024

The participation of social organizations in court proceedings is an important procedural problem in any judicial procedure. This issue has been deeply analyzed in civil and criminal trials, that is, in those proceedings that have faced the participation of social organizations since the codification of these procedures after World War II. In the proceedings involving administrative matters, the situation is different. This is prompted by the fact that judicial-administrative proceedings are a relatively new procedure, and they have been fully independent since 2004. The purpose of the analysis presented in the article is to draw attention to the peculiarities of the participation of a social organization in judicial proceedings in administrative cases. On the one hand, the aim is to point out the origins of the solution that has been functioning in this respect. On the other hand, to present the role of a social organization in actions on behalf of third parties, as well as the realization of the social interest in judicial proceedings, as an important element of the socialization of the procedure. Ultimately, to demonstrate to what extent is the participation of the social factor in the administration of justice by the administrative court possible. The indicated assumptions are implemented by means of the dogmatic and historical method. They consist of an analysis of the normative material which was in force in the past and which is a part of the current legal system.
Właściwość sądu administracyjnego w sprawach ze stosunku służbowego żołnierzy zawodowych
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku (University of Bialystok, Poland), Witoszko Wioletta , Czartoryjski Dariusz ,   18. Łomżyński Pułk Logistyczny im. gen. bryg. Mariana Raganowicza (Brigadier General Marian Raganowicz 18th Lomza Logistics Regiment, Poland)
Published: January 2024

The aim of the article is to analyze the legal regulations concerning soldiers in terms of guaranteeing them the right to appeal against decisions or other acts in cases related to the service relationship. This is because they give rise to the guarantees that an officer is entitled to have his or her case examined under the service relationship not only by an official body, but also by a court. Therefore, it becomes useful to analyze the presented issue in the light of the evolution of regulations concerning professional soldiers and administrative judiciary. The professional relations of professional soldiers are characterized by a greater degree of availability and administrative authority, which make it difficult for independent and impartial entities to examine their cases. The nature of the acts issued in official matters should be assessed and it should be determined whether the earlier provisions of official pragmatics or other legal regulations, in particular regarding the administrative judiciary, provided for the possibility of suing soldiers’ cases to a higher authority and to the court. The work uses sources in the form of previously binding legal acts concerning professional soldiers and administrative judiciary. In addition, the cited literary sources contain the analysis of the previous legal status, in particular in the scope of the activities of the Supreme Administrative Court. The article also analyzes the applicable legal acts and current jurisprudence.
Конституционный аспект эволюции пограничных войск в 1945–1965 гг.
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Zawadzki Paweł
Published: January 2024

Before I proceed to further detailed and developed arguments, I would like to present the main research problem involving the following question: how did the Border Protection Forces evolve in the years 1945–1965 from the perspective of the legal system and the constitutional law in particular. The constitution referred to above is not the basic law “as such”, in common parlance, but it is the constitution present in the course of the evolution of the legal status of the Frontier Protection Forces. This article is mainly focused on this constitution, although, apart from that, it contains the spectrum of legal and constitutional schemes adopted in different periods of the functioning of the Border Guard Forces in their constitutions. It is therefore immanent to present the process of the functioning of the Border Guard Forces – the origin and evolution of legal norms in the light of the constitution and the whole system of law, as well as the changes taking place in the system of law in the time-space between 1945 and 1965. Taking into account the defined objectives, it turned out to be necessary to present the work from a historical perspective. The chronology of facts is important for the discussed subject matter, as it helps to systematize the deliberations. The structure of the work has been adapted to the above principles of this publication. It begins with a legal-historical part introducing the subject of the tradition of constitutionalism in Poland. It presents the reasons for the creation and the process of subordination of border formations to various institutional solutions, and systematizes the legal and organizational transformation of the Border Protection Forces created in 1945 as a separate type of troops by the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Internal Affairs as part of the People's Army of Poland. The Border Protection Forces repeatedly revised its structural-bureaucratic subordination from the Ministry of National Defence through the Ministry of Public Security to the Ministry of the Interior and vice versa. The general research method became a legal-historical method to reconstruct the past state of affairs, the evolution of the legal status of the Border Protection Forces.
Problematyka stwierdzenia nieważności orzeczeń Wojskowych Sądów Rejonowych w praktyce funkcjonowania Oddziału Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej w Białymstoku
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku (University of Bialystok, Poland), Wnorowska Barbara
Published: January 2024

The subject of this article is the activity of the Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation (CNDP), located in the Bialystok Branch of the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), in the area of annulling the rulings of Military District Courts (MDC). It presents the tasks of the Commission and the legal acts regulating the procedure of invalidating the rulings of MDCs functioning in People's Poland in the years 1946–1955. The following part enumerates and discusses the structure and competences of the MDCs, with particular emphasis on the one functioning in Bialystok. Thanks to the available prosecution files of the IPN and the source materials from the IPN Archives in Bialystok, the author could present examples of three different rulings issued by the MDC in Bialystok. The cases were analyzed and their course of action during the years of the MDCs operation was shown. It was pointed out that in two cases, the rulings of the MDC were overturned by the Bialystok Regional Court primarily because they were based not on the provisions of the existing law, but on the communist ideology. The last presented case is an example that, according to the court's assessment, there were no grounds for overturning a ruling made during the Stalinist period. The author used the available lists of criminal cases from 1991–2007 and the internal statistics of the Bialystok District Court conducted after 2007, to present the scale associated with the annulment of judgments of MDCs. The number of annulled rulings of the Bialystok MDC was also analyzed in relation to the rejected applications that had no grounds for consideration in favor of convicts in 1946–1955.
Marginalizacja instytucji ławnika we współczesnym procesie karnym na tle ustawodawstwa PRL
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski (University of Warsaw, Poland), Dziadkiewicz Marcin , Fiłoc Bartosz ,   Uniwersytet Warszawski (University of Warsaw, Poland)
Published: January 2024

The presence of lay judges in the composition of criminal courts is the most significant form of social participation in the administration of justice in practice. In Poland, this structural solution has been maintained for over 70 years. During this period, the discussed institution has undergone many changes, both in terms of legal regulations and functioning in practice. The Authors decided to investigate it due to the role it fulfills in the political discourse of recent years, as well as due to the changes introduced and proposed in this area. The aim of this article is to show the transformations of the role of the lay judge in the criminal proceedings after World War II, resulting in a reduction of its importance in the Polish normative system, especially after the political changes in 1989, and to assess them. Additionally, a comparison of provisions from two different historical periods and a comparison of views of representatives of different social groups on the functioning of lay judges in criminal courts will allow to comprehensively present the discussed issue and to achieve the research goal. In the text, the Authors refer to numerous scientific monographs and statistical studies conducted among different social groups on the topic of lay judges, and also analyze non-normative factors. In addition, the article adduces opinions of prominent representatives of criminal law doctrine and public figures. Among the sources from the period of the Polish People’s Republic, the works of Prof. A. Turska and Prof. M. Rybicki, as well as the research conducted by the Institute of Law Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, were particularly inspiring. While describing the current shape of the lay judge institution, the Authors referred to contemporary studies, surveys, and statements, mainly the works of Dr. J. Kil and Prof. J. Zagrodnik. The leading methods used in creating the article are the comparative and sociological methods.
Nigeria’s Bloated Recurrent Expenditure: Interrogating the National Assembly’s Proposed Additional Constituencies for Women
Authors:   Abia State University, Enyiazu Chukwuemeka , Suleiman Ukandu ,   Abia State University, Eze Stanley Ukata ,   Abia State University, Ndubuisi Kalu Chima ,   Abia State University
Published: January 2024

Women representative in Nigeria executive and parliament has since 1999 continuously beaten a spiral downward trend from 35/7% in 2014 to 19/6% in 2021. This has generated debates on the need for mechanisms to engender gender inclusiveness in Nigeria. Therefore, the stride of the National Assembly to proffer a modus Vivendi to this political malaise is a welcome development. However, there are already two contending debates which the National Assembly’s additional constituencies will compound in Nigeria: over bloated recurrent expenditure and National Assembly budget. This paper examines the problems and prospects of the National Assembly’s proposed additional constituencies for women in an era of bloated recurrent expenditure in Nigeria. Using the post-colonial state and women’s empowerment framework of analysis and qualitative method of research, the paper argues that rather that filling the gap of women participation in Nigeria politics, additional constituencies for women shall aggravate two already existing problems in Nigeria: bloated recurrent expenditure, National Assembly budget and two other new ones. This paper concludes that Nigeria’s First Past the Post Electoral System has never engendered inclusive participation anywhere in the world and recommend that the National Assembly should rather change the electoral system to the Proportional Representative System.
Vakarų ir vidurio Lietuvos moterų antroponimai XVIII a. pabaigoje
Authors: Ramonienė Meilutė
Published: January 2024

На основе анализа женских антропонимов, содержащихся в регистрационной сводной книге крещений 1795 г. Жемайтской епископии, установлено, что именовaние женщин в конце XVIII в. главным образом является двухчленным. Первым членом наименовании служат христианские имена, которые в статье описаны кратко; основное внимание уделяется второму члену именования женщин - фамилиям, образованным от мужских фамилий при помощи разных суффиксов. Наиболее часто употребляются славянские суффиксы -оvnа и -ovа. Реже встречаются другие суффиксы нелитовского происхождения (-ska, -anka, -ina). Исследуются также и довольно часто употребляемые литовские суффиксы женских фамилий -aitė, (-aičia), -alė, -уtė (-yčia), -utė, -(i)ukė, -ikė, -ienė.
Transfer Patterns Among Infants Born at 28 to 34 Weeks’ Gestation
Authors: Handley Sara C. , Salazar Elizabeth G. , Kunz Sarah N. , Lorch Scott A. , Edwards Erika M.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Although postnatal transfer patterns among high-risk (eg, extremely preterm or surgical) infants have been described, transfer patterns among lower-risk populations are unknown. The objective was to examine transfer frequency, indication, timing, and trajectory among very and moderate preterm infants.

METHODS

Observational study of the US Vermont Oxford Network all NICU admissions database from 2016 to 2021 of inborn infants 280/7 to 346/7 weeks. Infants’ first transfer was assessed by gestational age, age at transfer, reason for transfer, and transfer trajectory.

RESULTS

Across 467 hospitals, 294 229 infants were eligible, of whom 12 552 (4.3%) had an initial disposition of transfer. The proportion of infants transferred decreased with increasing gestational age (9.6% [n = 1415] at 28 weeks vs 2.4% [n = 2646] at 34 weeks) as did the median age at time of transfer (47 days [interquartile range 30–73] at 28 weeks vs 8 days [interquartile range 3–16] at 34 weeks). The median post menstrual age at transfer was 34 or 35 weeks across all gestational ages. The most common reason for transfer was growth or discharge planning (45.0%) followed by medical and diagnostic services (30.2%), though this varied by gestation. In this cohort, 42.7% of transfers were to a higher-level unit, 10.2% to a same-level unit, and 46.7% to a lower-level unit, with indication reflecting access to specific services.

CONCLUSIONS

Over 4% of very and moderate preterm infants are transferred. In this population, the median age of transfer is later and does not reflect immediate care needs after birth, but rather the provision of risk-appropriate care.
Generación de una comunidad de aprendizaje docente para el desarrollo del trabajo autónomo a través de la utilización de aprendizaje auténtico en un curso de Genética Molecular Humana
Authors: Moena Daniel , Orellana María Soledad , Faunes Fernando , Pérez Azola Patricia
Published: January 2024

El aprendizaje auténtico es una metodología que desarrolla el pensa- miento crítico en estudiantes, permitiendo conectar aprendizajes teóricos con situaciones reales. Actividades de estudio personal, que tributan al trabajo autónomo resultan ser clave para interiorizar y madurar los conocimientos mejorando significativamente la recepción aprendizaje. En este estudio se utilizó el aprendizaje auténtico en 363 estudiantes de Odontología en un curso de Genética, a través del desarrollo de actividades relacionando contenidos teóricos con enfermedades genéticas odontológicas. El 70% de los estudiantes indicaron que las acti- vidades fueron fáciles de realizar y estaban en concordancia con los contenidos teóricos, permitiéndoles comprender mejor los conceptos trabajados en el aula y mejorar sus tiempos personales de estudio. Además, el 73% de los estudiantes se motivó con las actividades del curso y el 65% encontró que los instrumentos para realizarlas eran adecuados. Por otra parte, el 33% de los estudiantes consideró que participar o no en las actividades tenía el mismo resultado en el aprendizaje. Se puede concluir que el uso de actividades de aprendizaje auténtico es un buen instrumento para iniciar a los estudiantes en el aprendizaje autónomo y el pensamiento crítico de forma natural.
Dynamical model for dog clutch shiftability
Authors: Aljawabrah Ayham , Lovas Laszlo
Published: January 2024

The dog clutch offers advantages in mass and efficiency, but faces challenges in mismatch speed synchronization, which affects its shiftability. Face impact between dog teeth also reduces its lifespan. Our previous work introduced the kinematical shiftability condition that ensures impact-free gearshift but had limitations due to analysis assumptions. This study eliminates those assumptions, but uses a similar approach. Based on our previous work for dog clutch engagement dynamics, we develop the dynamical shiftability condition. Validation with full dog clutch dynamics showed an agreement. Employing another previous work that introduced shiftability map and parametric study method, we study system parameters impact on shiftability but based on the dynamical shiftability condition.
THAP9-AS1 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression through targeted regulation of the miR-185-5p/SOX13 axis
Authors: Mo Jinhua , Gong Zengyi , Liu Hong , Zhou Lian , Zhao Yanguang
Published: January 2024

Background

It has been reported that long non-coding RNA THAP9-AS1 exerts carcinogenic role by mediating miRNAs and target genes in various human cancers. However, whether THAP9-AS1 influences the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unknown.

Methods

The transcriptional levels of THAP9-AS1 and miR-185-5p were estimated via quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. The protein level of SOX13 was detected with western blotting assay. Additionally, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay as well as colony formation assay were utilized to measure cell growth. The apoptotic cells were observed by employing Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl Transferase Mediated Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) staining analysis, and transwell assay was introduced to test cell migration in addition to invasion. Moreover, the relationship between miR-185-5p and THAP9-AS1 or SOX13 was estimated through dual-luciferase reporter gene assay.

Results

THAP9-AS1 was overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues and NPC cells. Besides, silencing of THAP9-AS1 depressed the life processes of NPC cells including cell growth, migration as well as invasion but facilitated cell apoptosis. Further investigation proved that miR-185-5p was the direct target of THAP9-AS1. Besides, the knockdown of THAP9-AS1 notably reduced the transcriptional level of miR-185-5p. Furthermore, THAP9-AS1 served as a sponge of miR-185-5p to modulate the expression of SOX13, which regulated the development of NPC cells.

Conclusion

This work verified that THAP9-AS1 promoted NPC cell progression at least partly by mediating the miR-185-5p/SOX13 axis.
Change in the biomechanics of gait in patients undergoing reconstructive surgeries in the foot due to alcoholic neuropathy
Authors:   First Moscow State Medical University named after I.М. Setchenov, Bogatov Viktor , Lychagin Alexey ,   First Moscow State Medical University named after I.М. Setchenov, Drogin Andrey ,   First Moscow State Medical University named after I.М. Setchenov, Garkavi Andrey ,   First Moscow State Medical University named after I.М. Setchenov, Shishova Anastasiya ,   First Moscow State Medical University named after I.М. Setchenov
Published: January 2024

Alcoholic polyneuropathy can lead to such serious complications as one- and two-sided deformities of the feet. In this case, the feet get a characteristic equinovarus deformation, which seriously changes the biomechanics of the walk of patients, sometimes making it just impossible. The article describes the results of treatment of 16 patients with alcoholic polyneuropathy with foot deformity. This group of patients also included patients with severe disease, when both lower limbs were affected. The results of the operative treatment are shown from the point of view of change of parameters of the biomechanics of walking. It was revealed that complex surgical treatment in combination with external fixation devices is able to return such patients to everyday life and walking without additional support.
Biomechanical mechanisms of action of low-frequency acoustic vibrations on a person
Authors:   D.F. Ustinov Baltic State Technical University ", Ivanov Nikolay ,   Voenmeh", Zinkin Valeriy ,   Central Research Institute of the Air Force of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Slivina Lyudmila ,   Volgograd State Medical University
Published: January 2024

The aim of this work to substantiate the mechanisms of action of low-frequency acoustic vibrations on humans, caused by mechanical interaction of acoustic oscillations with the anatomical structures of the body. One of the modern features of industrial noise is the domination noise spectrum of the low frequency noise and infrasound with high intensity. To characterize these ranges, the scientific literature uses the term low-frequency acoustic oscillations, due to similar physical properties and biological effects on the human body and animals. It is proven that infrasound has negative effects on many organs (respiratory, hearing, vision, etc.) and human systems (central and autonomic nervous, etc.) and leads to the development of diseases, including professional (sensorineural hearing loss, vestibulopathy, autonomic disorders). On this basis, infrasound is included in the list of harmful production factors. A number of biological effects is formed by a direct mechanical interaction of acoustic oscillations with the anatomical structures of the human body. The length of the acoustic wave and its intensity are decisive parameters for the formation of a reaction in the human body. The interaction of low frequency acoustic oscillations with the anatomical structures of the body must be considered as the interaction of two mechanical systems that leads to the development of various physical effects in tissues and organs (diffraction, resonance, elastic waves, cavitation, etc.). The latter are the basis of the direct action of acoustic oscillations and lead to anatomical damage of the tissues, a conformational disturbance of cellular structures and macromolecules, activation of receptors (mechano-, proprio, vestibuloadaptive, etc.). Biomechanical effect of low frequency acoustic oscillations should be taken into account in the normalization of low frequency sound range, and determining ways and means of protection from low-frequency acoustic oscillations not only the organ of hearing and the head and internal organs.
Educación y Tecnología
Authors: Restrepo Moreno Marta Inés
Published: January 2024

Todos los aquí reunidos sabemos bastante bien lo que deberíamos decir en la apertura de una celebración como esta, el 50° aniversario de vida jurídica de la Corporación Centro Comunitario La Rosa, en la ciudad de Pasto, Colombia.