bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological perspective associated with principal risk factors of Trichinella spiralis infection in pigs and humans in Egypt
Authors: Mohammed Eman Sayed , Youseef Asmaa Gahlan , Mubarak Asmaa Gaber , Mawas Amany Sayed , Khalifa Fatma Ahmed , Felefel Wael
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim: In Egypt, there is a scarcity of recent data on trichinellosis in pigs and humans. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the epidemiological profile and risk factors associated with Trichinella spiralis infection as well as to assess the effectiveness of the trichinoscope and digestion technique in diagnosing trichinellosis.

Materials and Methods: Data were collected on 33812 pigs slaughtered during a year at the Al-Basateen abattoir, Cairo Governorate, Egypt. The slaughtered pigs had already been examined by trichinoscope in the abattoir. The diagnostic effectiveness technique was randomly conducted on 170 pork muscle samples, which were examined using the digestion technique. Furthermore, 90 serum samples from high-risk individuals in Qena and Sohag Governorates, Upper Egypt, were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: The investigation revealed that the overall prevalence was 1.06% in pigs by trichinoscope. Of the examined 170 samples, 2.35% and 3.35% were found to harbor Trichinella by trichinoscope and artificial digestion, respectively. Trichinella was identified as T. spiralis using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. A significant relationship was affirmed between the prevalence of trichinellosis and the sex and age of the examined pigs. Likewise, for the first time, there was a considerable seasonal trend in the prevalence of Trichinella with the maximum infection, which was observed during Autumn (1.18%). The prevalence of trichinellosis in humans was 10%, with a significant association with age.

Conclusion: Our findings are intended to serve as a starting point for developing effective preventive and control measures for trichinellosis (as application of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) in pig farms, stop feeding pigs on garbage as well as, preventing illegal slaughter of pigs outside the slaughterhouses). It also fortifies the establishment of the digestion technique because of its high specificity and sensitivity, although it is difficult to apply to a large number of samples.
A new sound change for Guarani(an): glottal prothesis, internal classification, and the explanation of synchronic irregularities
Authors: de Carvalho Fernando O.
Published: June 2022

A so far overlooked sound change in the historical phonology of the Guaranian branch of the Tupi-Guarani language family is discussed in the present paper. The sound change in question, which accounts for certain synchronic morphological irregularities, consists of the insertion of the glottal fricative h in word-initial position any time the next (right-adjacent) syllable has a glottal stop ʔ as its onset consonant. Allomorphy resulting from this change is shown to affect verbal, nominal, and postpositional prefixes, as well as monomorphemic lexemes, thus unifying the treatment of synchronic patterns which are often addressed as an exclusive trait of certain verb forms. The paper ends by discussing the issue of internal classification, pointing a few limitations in past attempts to ground the subgrouping of Tupi-Guarani languages on phonological grounds, and highlighting the status of glottal prothesis as the first known phonological isogloss exclusively shared by the Guaranian varieties.
Hybrid dual-loop control method for dead-time second-order unstable inverse response plants with a case study on CSTR
Authors: Kumari Shweta , Aryan Pulakraj , Kumar Deepak , Raja G. Lloyds
Published: June 2022

Unstable processes are hard to stabilize as they contain one or more positive poles which result in unbounded dynamic behavior. The occurrence of the delay and positive zeros often creates more difficulty in controlling such unstable plants. Most control strategies meant for first-order unstable processes fail to stabilize and control the higher-order unstable processes. Hence, a new dual-loop hybrid control structure is suggested for dead-time unbounded second-order processes with positive/negative zeros. Inner-loop has a stabilizing PID controller. The PID controller parameters are derived by comparing the numerator and characteristic polynomial coefficients in the transfer function for internal-loop servo action. A fractional-order internal model controller (FOIMC) is used in the external-loop. Methods for the selection of outer-loop tuning parameter and fractional-order are also discussed. By comparing the simulation results with a contemporary single-loop scheme, the usefulness of the suggested scheme is proved. The suggested scheme is capable of minimizing the overshoot and improving the overall dynamic performance. Finally, the usefulness of the suggested scheme is also demonstrated by a case study on temperature control of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) during a first-order irrevocable exothermic reaction.
Who texts what to whom and when? Patterning of texting in four multilingual minoritized language communities and a preliminary proposal for the language repertoire matrix
Authors: Eberhard David M. , Mangulamas Manap
Published: June 2022

Though computer mediated communication has been widely studied, private messaging in minoritized languages (many without standardized orthographies) is an area of minimal research. This article looks at texting in four multilingual language communities: Maguindanaon (Philippines), Sebuyau (Malaysia), Mamaindê (Brazil) and Marubo (Brazil). The majority of the data comes from the Maguindanao case study, an Austronesian language spoken by over one million speakers in the Maguindanao province of Mindanao Island. Based on this preliminary data, an initial framework with which to understand the language choices for digital messaging in such societies is proposed. The broader implications of this study are its insights into the variable patterning of texting in minority languages in general, providing a baseline for future work in this area. This preliminary study suggests that the texting repertoires of minority language communities are found to pattern after their parallel repertoires of either orality or literacy. These patterns are collectively referred to as the “Language Repertoire Matrix”. The variable that distinguishes one texting repertoire from another is the language(s) used for intra-group texting: minority (L1), majority (L2), or minority + majority (L1 + L2) languages. We propose that the choice of employing either the orality or literacy repertoires for intra-group texting demonstrates the underlying function of such texting within that society. The conclusion offers some suggestions on how these insights might apply to the field of minority language development.
Contested Civic Spaces in Greece in the Context of Foreign Immigration and the Refugee Crisis of 2015
Authors: Makrides Vasilios N.
Published: June 2022

This article takes a closer look at various developments in Greece with regard to the status of civil society (more specifically regarding certain NGOs and volunteer-run solidarity initiatives), a country that was challenged in the last decades by foreign immigration and especially by a serious refugee crisis in 2015. The latter had an immediate impact on NGO activities in the country, which became in many cases seriously questioned, contested or restricted. Greece’s case can be used as a testing ground for examining and understanding the complex intricacies between establishing viable civic structures and becoming aware of local sensitivities pertaining to security and other issues.
Toward achieving sustainable development agenda: Nexus between agriculture, trade openness, and oil rents in Nigeria
Authors: Adedoyin Festus F. , Osundina Olawumi A. , Bekun Festus V. , Asongu Simplice A.
Published: June 2022

Over the years, agriculture has been considered as a panacea for long-term economic growth as believed by the physiocracy school of thought. Aligning this with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (specifically UN-SDG-2 which highlights zero hunger), the present study empirically complements existing studies by exploring the interactions between agriculture, trade openness, and oil rents using annual time frequency series data from 1981–2017. A series of analyses is conducted. First, a battery of non-stationarity and stationarity unit root tests are performed; these range from the traditional Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips–Perron (PP) techniques to the relatively recent Zivot Andrews (ZA) unit root test which accounts for a single structural break to ascertain stationarity properties in the variables under review. Subsequently, the recent Bayer–Hanck cointegration test in conjunction with the Johansen cointegration test was used for the cointegration analysis. Furthermore, to detect the direction of causality, the Toda-Yamamoto Granger Causality test alongside the impulse response function technique shows insightful outcomes. From the empirical results, cointegration is apparent and a long-run equilibrium relationship is traced between the outlined variables over the investigated period. The causality results and impulse response analysis highlight the existence of one-way causality links running from agriculture to trade and from trade to oil rents. The causality test results are informative, and the plausible explanation might be due to the dwindling oil market prices. More insights are elucidated in the conclusion section accordingly.
Educators’ reflections on the teaching and learning of the periodic table of elements at the upper secondary level: a case study
Authors: Narod Fawzia , Narrainsawmy Vickren
Published: June 2022

It is an undeniable fact that the periodic table is an essential tool for both chemists and chemistry students, as it represents all presently known 118 elements, their properties and the trends in their properties. It is reported to be “… a rather holistic and all-inclusive aspect of chemistry…” (Scerri E. Explaining the Periodic Table, and the role of chemical triads. Found Chem 2010;12:69–83) and an understanding of the periodic table lays the foundation for effective learning of chemistry. However, it is also reported that students find the topic challenging and educators find the topic difficult to teach. Thus, an attempt is made in this study to allow educators to reflect on the challenges encountered in teaching and learning of the periodic table and related concepts at the secondary level. This study reports chemistry educators’ reflection on the teaching and learning of the periodic table at the secondary school level in Mauritius. Data was collected through a questionnaire, which included both open- and close ended questions pertaining to the teaching and learning of chemistry. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data through the lens of the constructivist learning framework. The results indicate that the major barriers for adopting constructivist practices when teaching the periodic table are inadequate educators’ knowledge of students’ alternate conceptions and knowledge of how students learn the periodic table as a classification system. The findings from this study inform how to improve the teaching and learning of the periodic table from a constructivist viewpoint. Thus, through this study, it is expected that enhancing educators’ pedagogical content knowledge of the periodic table could potentially help overcome students’ challenges of learning periodic table.
QuantiFERON-TB gold plus in liver transplant candidates: single-center experience
Authors: Simkins Jacques , Maria A Mendoza Maria A Mendoza , Motoa Gabriel , Aditya Chandorkar Aditya Chandorkar , Natori Yoichiro , Anjan Shweta , Arosemena Leopoldo R , Rodrigo Vianna Rodrigo Vianna
Published: June 2022

Background/Objectives: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening prior to orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) is essential. The data on QuantiFERON-TB -Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) in OLT candidates is scarce. Methods: QFT-Plus results performed prior to transplant among OLT recipients transplanted between 4/2019 and 8/2020 were evaluated. Previous QFT-Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) results were obtained, if available, to evaluate for discordant results. The infectious diseases (ID) team plan for those with positive or indeterminate QFT-Plus was obtained. Results: We assessed 170 OLT recipients. QFT-Plus was performed in 124(73%) patients [8(6%) were positive, 20(16%) indeterminate and 96(77%) negative]. Nine (45%) of the QFT-Plus-indeterminate patients converted to negative. Twenty-one (17%) of the patients that were tested with QFT-Plus were previously tested with QFT-GIT [4(21%) of them had discordant results]. There were no differences in the survival and biopsy-proven rejection at 6 months post-transplant between QFT-Plus-positive and QFT-Plus-negative patients. ID team recommended isoniazid 300mg daily for 9 months for 7(88%) and 9(45%) patients with positive and indeterminate QFT-Plus, respectively. Conclusions: QFT-Plus appears to be appropriate for LTBI diagnosis in OLT candidates. In our cohort, indeterminate QFT-Plus is common and QFT-Plus conversion from indeterminate to negative is frequent. In the presence of risk factors, it might be wise to treat patients with indeterminate QFT-Plus.
Superior outcomes of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) in the palliation of skull metastases of multiple myeloma: a case report
Authors: Zhang Roland L. L. , Dunkerley Nicolle , Wright Katie , Withers Barbara , Mayson Eleni , Fogarty Gerald B.
Published: June 2022

Palliative radiotherapy (RT) is often given to symptomatic sites of multiple myeloma (MM). Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) is often the main modality due its efficiency but it may involve irradiation volumes which include organs at risk (OARs). A case of end-stage MM with innumerable skull lesions was treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) which demonstrated superior conformity compared to a 3DCRT plan. VMAT planning yielded an 88% dose reduction to the hippocampi, 60% dose reduction to the brain yet equivalent dose homogeneity to the skull target. Treatment with 15Gy in five fractions gave significant almost complete symptom resolution with no adverse OAR related complications at 4 weeks.As the life expectancy of MM patients and other cancers increases with better systemic therapy, there will be a greater chance of experiencing late effects of RT in OARs. This case supports the notion that perhaps VMAT could be considered in some cases of palliative RT.
Efficacy and safety of facial treatments with polio lactic acid. Systematic revision
Authors: Jiménez Iris Flores , Martínez-Carpio Pedro , M Alcolea Justo
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is a synthetic polymer from the family of poly alpha-hydroxy acids widely used in aesthetic medicine. It induces a controlled inflammatory reaction to a foreign body, with formation of new collagen; therefore, it is considered not only a facial filler but also a bioimplant. The aim of this work is to study the efficacy and safety of PLLA as a facial filler based on the current literature. Material and methods: After a systematic review of the Medline database (PubMed), 43 valid articles were obtained. Studies were included: interventional, randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. In addition to observational, prospective and retrospective studies, whenever PLLA was injected in the facial area. Results: The overall efficacy (OE) of PLLA in skin rejuvenation was 93%, in lipodystrophy 74% and in acne scars 68%. The total OE was 78%. Of the patients injected with PLLA, 92.3% had no complications, 5.1% mild complications, 2.4% moderate complications and only 0.2% severe complications. Conclusion: PLLA requires a refined technique to perform the treatment, although it presents varied indications and multiple advantages: prolonged permanence of its results, high efficacy and adequate safety profile.
Development and validation of a commercial grade technique for Patagonian cashmere fiber
Authors: Frank Eduardo , MF Castillo , A Prieto , MHV Hick
Published: June 2022

The double-coated goat fiber that is commercially called cashmere must have an average diameter of fine fibers (ADFF) less than 19 µm. In the flock studies, values below 50% of animals that produced fleeces with that fiber diameter were obtained. The determination of the diameter in the laboratory (fineness) by automatic equipment is not applicable in large-scale flocks due to its costs and care/protection. This makes it necessary to look for a fast and cheap commercial classification system whose precision at least allows for the formation of homogeneous batches that highlight the use of the finest fleeces (below 19 µm). In this work, the objective of developing and validating a method of visual and semi-quantitative classification of the fiber from the Creole goat of the north of the Argentine Patagonia was raised. Two tests were carried out: one following a drawn crimp scheme as a reference and the other assuming a coarse fiber/fine fiber length ratio of about 1 as an indicator of fiber <19.0 µm. The results indicate that the combination of both methods allows classifying types of fleece that are significantly separated by ADFF and allow forming homogeneous batches for the commercialization of the fiber of this type of animal.
Treatment of Non-thrombotic Iliac Vein Stenosis: Where is the Evidence?
Authors: Joh Maria , Desai Kush R
Published: June 2022

Non-thrombotic iliac vein lesions (NIVLs) refer to iliac vein lumen stenosis, usually secondary to extrinsic compression, without associated thrombosis. Clinical presentation varies; patients may be asymptomatic, have symptoms of lower extremity venous hypertension, or in women, may be associated with chronic pelvic pain. Given the significant variability in symptomatology, thorough history and physical examination are mandatory in excluding other causes of symptoms. Non-invasive imaging, such as venous duplex/insufficiency ultrasound examinations, and axial imaging aid in the diagnosis of a NIVL in the appropriate clinical context. Catheter venography and intravascular ultrasound remain the primary modalities for definitive diagnosis, treatment planning, and ultimately placement of self-expanding venous stents to resolve the causative iliofemoral venous obstruction. In appropriately selected patients, stent placement can lead to marked improvements in symptoms, heal stasis ulceration when present, and improve disease-specific and overall quality of life. Stents placed in patients with NIVL demonstrate high long-term primary patency. In this article, the authors discuss clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, endovascular interventions and outcomes of NIVL treatment.
Los códices mayas, fray Diego de Landa, la literatura maya colonial y la historia reciente del desciframiento de los jeroglíficos mayas
Authors: Solórzano Fonseca Juan Carlos
Published: June 2022

En el siglo XVI, los españoles hallaron en Yucatán libros o códices de los mayas cuyos textos estaban escritos en jeroglíficos. El fraile Diego de Landa quemó gran número de estos códices, pero consignó la información en ellos contenida, necesaria para que siglos más tarde Yuri V. Knórosov encontrara la clave para la comprensión de esos textos jeroglíficos. Entretanto, los mayas aprendieron a escribir su lengua con letras del alfabeto latino y lograron expresarse de forma poética y con belleza formal. Durante el siglo XIX se descubrieron las ruinas de las ciudades mayas y comenzaron los intentos por descifrar los textos tallados en sus monumentos de piedra. No sería sino hasta mediados del siglo XX en que finalmente se encontró la clave para acceder al conocimiento semántico de los textos legados por los mayas de la antigüedad.
Internet of Things (IoT) Cybersecurity Challenges and Mitigation Mechanisms
Authors: Chukwuere Joshua Ebere
Published: June 2022

This study deployed desktop research methodology in seeking to understand the cybersecurity challenges confronting Internet of Things (IoT) and the mitigation mechanisms. Objects are no longer independent from each other; rather, connectivity through the power of the internet has connected them. IoT is no longer a new invention or innovation in the technology industry and human lives. The concept is widely used in different industries such as healthcare, food, finance, manufacturing, government, insurance, oil and gas, transportation, postal services, defence, and many more. These industries are using the ability of IoT to function optimally in facilitating different activities. Users of technology devices use IoT devices in homes, offices, and other places to increase productivity and efficiency daily. This article analyses the cybersecurity challenges of IoT and its mitigation mechanisms. The findings identified different cybersecurity challenges confronting IoT and the ways to mitigate them.
Effects of the economic recession on suicide mortality in Brazil: interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Figueiredo Daniela Cristina Moreira Marculino de , Sanchéz-Villegas Pablo , Figueiredo Alexandre Medeiros de , Moraes Ronei Marcos de , Daponte-Codina Antonio , Schmidt Filho Ricardo , Vianna Rodrigo Pinheiro de Toledo
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze trends in suicide rates in Brazil in the period before and after the start of the economic recession. Methods: interrupted time series research using national suicide data recorded in the period between 2012 and 2017 with socioeconomic subgroups analyses. Quasi-Poisson regression model was employed to analyze trends in seasonally adjusted data. Results: there was an abrupt increase in the risk of suicide after economic recession in the population with less education (12.5%; RR = 1.125; 95%CI: 1.027; 1.232) and in the South Region (17.7%; 1.044; 1.328). After an abrupt reduction, there was a progressive increase in risk for the black and brown population and for those with higher education. In most other population strata, there was a progressive increase in the risk of suicide. Conclusions: the Brazilian economic recession caused different effects on suicide rates, considering social strata, which requires health strategies and policies that are sensitive to the most vulnerable populations.
Fatores de risco para flebite relacionada ao uso de cateteres intravenosos periféricos em pacientes adultos
Authors: Simões Adriana Moreira Noronha , Vendramim Patrícia , Pedreira Mavilde Luz Gonçalves
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco para flebite relacionada a cateteres intravenosos periféricos em pacientes adultos. Método: Estudo de análise post hoc de ensaio clínico randômico, totalizando 1.319 pacientes. Pesquisaram-se variáveis demográficas, clínicas, relacionadas à terapia e à flebite. Para análise de dados, calcularam-se frequências, medidas de tendência central e dispersão, e utilizaram-se os testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher, implementando-se regressão logística, curva ROC e cálculo de Odds Ratio (intervalo de confiança 95%; nível de significância 5%). Resultados: Dos 1.319 participantes, 80 (6,1%) desenvolveram flebite. Associaram-se à ocorrência de flebite mobilidade reduzida (p = 0,015), história familiar de trombose venosa profunda (p = 0,05), cateterização de veias do dorso da mão (p = 0,012), dor (p < 0,01), Amoxicilina-Clavulanato de Potássio (p = 0,015) e Omeprazol sódico (p = 0,029). Conclusão: Os fatores de risco para flebite envolveram fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos ao paciente, indicando intervenções de enfermagem preventivas, como promover a mobilidade do paciente, não cateterizar veias do arco dorsal da mão, infusão cautelosa de fármacos de risco e valorizar a queixa de dor.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE O INVESTIMENTO DIRETO ESTRANGEIRO E AS EMISSÕES DE CO2 EM PAÍSES COM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE RENDA
Authors: Carvalho Danielle Evelyn de , Silva Fernanda Aparecida
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Este trabalho se propôs a analisar a relação existente entre os investimentos do tipo greenfield e brownfield com a emissão de CO2 para países do mundo, utilizando dados de 170 economias, dividindo-as de acordo com sua renda. O modelo utilizado foi o de painel dinâmico System-GMM. Encontrou-se que esses investimentos não influenciam de maneira significativa a emissão de CO2 em países de maior renda. Enquanto, para países de menor renda, os resultados sugerem que um aumento dos dois tipos de investimento gere uma ampliação na emissão de CO2, corroborando a ideia de que, para países menos desenvolvidos, o efeito escala (aumento da atividade econômica devido ao IDE) prevaleça. Além dos problemas de alguns tipos de investimentos nesses países serem feitos por causa dos refúgios de poluição e legislações ambientais mais flexíveis.
Determinants of the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding at the 30th day after birth
Authors: Freitas Daniele Azevedo Kanan de , Pires Thaymê , Willges Bruna dos Santos , Daudt Letícia , Käfer Kimberli Dantas , Martins Franciele da Silva , Nunes Leandro Meirelles
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), introduction of water, herbal teas, or other milks, as well as to identify the factors associated with the interruption of EBF at the 30th day after birth. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using structured and pretested questionnaires applied to 310 mothers in two moments: in person, at the maternity ward; and at the time the infant was 30 days of age, by telephone call. Descriptive statistics and multivariate Poisson regression, following a multilevel hierarchical model according to the proximity to the outcome, were used to estimate the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: The maintenance of EBF at 30 days of age of the infant occurred in 85.2% of the sample, 1.6% receiving water, 11.5% herbal teas, and 8.2% other milk. Predictors for EBF interruption in the univariate analysis were the mothers’ return to work or study activities shortly after the baby's birth (IR 2.88; 95%CI 1.14–7.25) and the use of a pacifier (IR 3.29; 95%CI 1.52–6.22). The interruption of EBF was lower in the group of participants who received support from the infant's maternal grandmother (IR 2.71; 95%CI 1.11–6.56) and their partner (IR 4.78; 95%CI 1.90–12.06). After a multivariate analysis, only the use of a pacifier (IR 5.47; 95%CI 2.38–19.3) and the partner's support (IR 6.87; 95%CI 2.04–23.1) maintained the association with the outcome. Conclusions: The prevalence of EBF found in this study can be considered good, and future interventions aimed at increasing the duration of EBF in this population should take into account the participation of the partner and the reinforcement for not introducing the pacifier.
COVID-19 cutaneous manifestations in children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Pasquini Neto Ricardo , Mazzo Felipe Antonio Torres , Vieira Fernanda de Almeida , Bueno Gustavo de Souza , Previdi João Vitor Correa , Silva Lara Rozetti da , Silva Nasthia Kreuz Baziulis da , Jorizzo Joseph Lucius , Cerci Felipe Bochnia
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cutaneous manifestations described in pediatric patients and discuss their relevance for early diagnosis. Data source: The study consisted of a systematic review of original articles indexed in PubMed and Embase databases, as well as gray literature articles found through Google Scholar. A search strategy, based on PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) Tool, with the terms “child,” “infant,” “childhood,” “adolescents,” “teenagers,” “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” and “skin manifestations,” was performed to optimize the findings. The study did not restrict any article regarding language. Data synthesis: Out of the 310 articles that initially met the inclusion criteria, 35 were selected for review, totalizing 369 patients. The most common COVID-19 cutaneous manifestations in children and adolescents were Chilblain-like lesions, presented in 67.5% of the cases, followed by erythema multiforme-like (31.7%) and varicella-like lesions (0.8%). The Chilblain-like lesions appeared 7.6 days (95%CI 7.4–7.8) after the viral infection and lasted for 17.5 days (95%CI 16.5–18.5), erythema multiforme-like lesions appeared in 9.5 days (95%CI 9–10) and lasted for 10.3 days (95%CI 9.1–11.5), and varicella-like lesions appeared in 12.3 days (95%CI 4–20.6) and lasted for 7 days. Conclusions: Knowledge of the different skin manifestations in children and adolescents with COVID-19 is essential for an early diagnosis and, consequently, the possibility of promptly care adoption as well as to interrupt the new coronavirus transmission chains in the current pandemic context.
Trabalho e sindicalismo na indústria – Poder institucional e social em contexto de crise e pandemia
Authors: Ramalho José Ricardo
Published: June 2022

Resumo: Atingidos pela sofisticação dos mecanismos de flexibilização e controle do trabalho, os sindicatos enfrentam talvez o maior desafio ao seu poder coletivo de sua história. Este texto pretende trazer argumentos para o debate sobre esta “crise do sindicalismo”, a partir de uma perspectiva analítica (de “recursos de poder”) que valoriza esforços de ressignificação de práticas de resistência, coletivismo e solidariedade, em nível nacional e internacional, e vê nesse contexto pandêmico (anos 2020 e 2021) uma oportunidade para a recomposição de seus repertórios de ação coletiva (Alonso, 2012; Schmalz et al., 2018). A referência empírica é a experiência sindical metalúrgica de um setor industrial brasileiro com predomínio de empresas transnacionais, considerando sua capacidade de responder, de forma proativa, às ameaças ao seu poder consolidado, ao longo das últimas seis décadas, no ABC paulista. Os dados utilizados têm como base sete entrevistas gravadas (online) com lideranças sindicais metalúrgicas, realizadas em 2020 e 2021, e um levantamento, pelo método da raspagem de dados, de temas extraídos do jornal Tribuna Metalúrgica, do Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos do ABC.
Dinâmica entre potenciais de fortalecimento e desgaste na vida de jovens da escola pública: pesquisa-ação com oficinas emancipatórias
Authors: Lachtim Sheila Aparecida , Trapé Carla Andrea , Pasquim Heitor Martins , Soares Cássia Baldini
Published: June 2022

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a dinâmica entre os potenciais de fortalecimento e desgaste inerentes às condições de reprodução social de jovens escolares. Com base no Materialismo Histórico-Dialético, em particular, na Teoria da Determinação Social da Saúde, a análise considerou as dimensões universal, particular e singular da totalidade social. Trata-se de pesquisa-ação, desenvolvida em 13 oficinas emancipatórias, durante um período de cinco meses, com 12 alunos do ensino médio de uma escola pública da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. As condições de reprodução social expuseram as configurações familiares dos participantes, que sofrem com a precarização do trabalho e o desemprego, a ausência ou inconsistência de apoio paterno e o precário processo de ressocialização e sociabilidade. Os jovens discutiram as inseguranças e dificuldades que enfrentam nos territórios onde vivem, os conflitos familiares, as repercussões das pressões sociais para enfrentar o futuro, o lugar da escola e da família em suas vidas, além de dúvidas sobre sexualidade e uso de drogas. A pesquisa-ação emancipatória permitiu aos participantes irem além da aparência, e revelou a essência da realidade dos jovens, mostrando que a perspectiva da emancipação está pautada no entendimento das dimensões singular, particular e universal das relações sociais.
Enhancing Microbial Electron Transfer Through Synthetic Biology and Biohybrid Approaches: Part I
Authors: Myers Benjamin , Hill Phil , Rawson Frankie , Kovács Katalin
Published: June 2022

Traditional microbial synthesis of chemicals and fuels often rely on energy-rich feedstocks such as glucose, raising ethical concerns as they are directly competing with the food supply. Therefore, it is imperative to develop novel processes that rely on cheap, sustainable and abundant resources whilst providing carbon circularity. Microbial electrochemical technologies (MET) offer unique opportunities to facilitate the conversion of chemicals to electrical energy or vice versa, by harnessing the metabolic processes of bacteria to valorise a range of waste products, including greenhouse gases (GHGs). However, the strict growth and nutrient requirements of industrially relevant bacteria, combined with low efficiencies of native extracellular electron transfer (EET) mechanisms, reduce the potential for industrial scalability. In this two-part work, we review the most significant advancements in techniques aimed at improving and modulating the efficiency of microbial EET, giving an objective and balanced view of current controversies surrounding the physiology of microbial electron transfer, alongside the methods used to wire microbial redox centres with the electrodes of bioelectrochemical systems via conductive nanomaterials.
Planning with Critical Section Macros: Theory and Practice
Authors: Chrpa Lukas , Vallati Mauro
Published: June 2022

Macro-operators (macros) are a well-known technique for enhancing performance of planning engines by providing “short-cuts” in the state space. Existing macro learning systems usually generate macros by considering most frequent action sequences in training plans. Unfortunately, frequent action sequences might not capture meaningful activities as a whole, leading to a limited beneficial impact for the planning process.

In this paper, inspired by resource locking in critical sections in parallel computing, we propose a technique that generates macros able to capture whole activities in which limited resources (e.g., a robotic hand, or a truck) are used. Specifically, such a Critical Section macro starts by locking the resource (e.g., grabbing an object), continues by using the resource (e.g., manipulating the object) and finishes by releasing the resource (e.g., dropping the object). Hence, such a macro bridges states in which the resource is locked and cannot be used. We also introduce versions of Critical Section macros dealing with multiple resources and phased locks. Usefulness of macros is evaluated using a range of state-of-the-art planners, and a large number of benchmarks from the deterministic and learning tracks of recent editions of the International Planning Competition.
Increasing Antioxidant Activity in Food Waste Extracts by β-Glucosidase
Authors: Karami Farahnaz , Ghorbani Mohammad , Sadeghi Mahoonak Alireza , Pourhossein Alireza , Bagheri Ahmad , Khodarahmi Reza
Published: June 2022

Research background. Food by-products such as onion peels and olive leaves are rich in bioactive compounds applicable as natural and low-cost sources of antioxidants. Still, these compounds mainly exist in glycosylated form. Often, hydrolysis of glycoside compounds increases their antioxidant activity and health benefits. However, not many
studies have been done concerning the β-glucosidase effect, specifically from Aspergillus niger, on glycosylated compounds within these by-products. Also, changes in the antioxidant activity of the mentioned by-products under the effect of β-glucosidase have not been reported yet. Therefore, this study considers the effect of A. niger β-glucosidase on glucoside compounds and the antioxidant activity of onion peel and olive leaf extracts.
Experimental approach. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays.
Also, glucose, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured. Moreover, TLC and HPLC analyses were performed before and after the enzymatic hydrolysis.
Results and conclusions. The obtained results showed an increase in the extract antioxidant activity after treatment. Also, β-glucosidase increased the glucose content of the extracts. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results showed the β-glucosidase efficacy to hydrolyze quercetin glucosides in onion peel extract, and the quercetin concentration increased from (0.48±0.04) mg/mL in the untreated extract to (1.26±0.03) mg/mL in the treated extract (0.5 % m/V) after 3 h of enzymatic hydrolysis at 45 °C. Also, the content of quercetin-3-O-glucoside increased considerably from (1.8±0.1) to (54±9) μg/mL following the enzyme treatment. Moreover, oleuropein in olive leaf extract (1 % m/V) was hydrolyzed completely from (0.382±0.016) to 0 mg/mL by β-glucosidase for 24 h at 50 °C.
Novelty and scientific contribution. This study showed that A. niger β-glucosidase, as
a stable enzyme, hydrolyzed quercetin and oleuropein glycosides in onion peel and olive
leaf extracts. Thus, A. niger β-glucosidase is a good candidate for processing the food
waste and extracting valuable bioactive compounds. Also, the treated extracts with
higher antioxidant and biological activity, and without bitter taste can be applicable as
potent, natural and cost-effective antioxidants in the food industry.
Detecting Signals of Species’ Ecological Niches in Results of Studies with Defined Sampling Protocols: Example Application to Pathogen Niches
Authors: Cobos Marlon E. , Peterson A. Townsend
Published: June 2022

Ecological niches are increasingly appreciated as a long-term stable constraint on the geographic and temporal distributions of species, including species involved in disease transmission cycles (pathogens, vectors, hosts). Although considerable research effort has used correlative methodologies for characterizing niches, sampling effort (and the biases that this effort may or may not carry with it) considerations have generally not been incorporated explicitly into ecological niche modeling. In some cases, however, the sampling effort can be characterized explicitly, such as when hosts are tested for pathogens, as well as comparable situations such as when traps are deployed to capture particular species, etc. Here, we present simple methods for testing the hypothesis that non-randomness in occurrence or detection exists with respect to environmental dimensions (= a detectable signal of ecological niche); i.e., whether a pathogen occurs nonrandomly with respect to environment, given the occurrence and sampling of its host. We have implemented a set of R functions that presents an overall test for nonrandom occurrence with respect to a set of environmental dimensions, and, a posteriori, a set of exploratory tests that identify in which dimension(s) and in which direction or form the nonrandom occurrence is manifested. Our tools correctly detected signals of niche in most of our example cases. Although such signal may not be detectable in cases in which the niche of interest is broader than the universe sampled, such a possibility was correctly discarded in our analyses, preventing further interpretations. This kind of testing can constitute an initial step in a process that would conclude with development of a more typical ecological niche model. The particular advantage of the analyses proposed is that they consider the biases involved in sampling, testing, and reporting, in the context of nonrandom occurrence with respect to environment before proceeding to inferential and predictive steps.
Yes Bank: A Saga of Corporate Governance Conundrum
Authors: Rajani Reshma
Published: June 2022

India’s fifth largest private sector moneylender, YES Bank, was put on moratorium on 5th March, 2020. It was in the midst of a crisis as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) had taken over its affairs and placed strict limits on its operations. Such a value deterioration because of governance failure and the consequent erosion of investors trust or confidence shows that corporate governance standards remain weak in India and calls for immediate renovation. The present study attempts to review corporate governance reforms in India through a survey of existing research, identifying issues which are not being sufficiently addressed in the existing corporate governance framework of Yes Bank and exemplify the key takeaways to prevent such instances in the future. Lastly, the study suggests some suitable measures to draw the attention of concerned authorities in order to make corporate governance reforms more effective in India.
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Preparation of 1M calcium chloride solution (CaCl2) v1
Authors: Pérez Escudero Alfonso
Published: June 2022

Original source of the protocol: WormBook Methods http://www.wormbook.org/chapters/www_strainmaintain/strainmaintain.html This protocol is for making 1M calcium chloride solution, which is used in the preparation of worm media, like NGM (Nematode Growth Medium).
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Authors: not provided vasim
Published: June 2022

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Effectiveness of rehabilitation for osteoarthritis of the knee associated with isolated meniscus injury: a scoping review protocol V2 v2
Authors: Hayashi Masateru
Published: June 2022

⮚ Objective: The purpose of this scoping review is to examine whether there are differences in rehabilitation according to the degree of damage to the isolated medial and lateral meniscus and to determine whether it is of value to conduct a systematic review in the future. ⮚ Introduction: The prevalence of meniscus injuries in middle-aged and elderly people (>50 years) is 31%, and they occur more frequently in medial meniscus injuries than in lateral meniscus injuries (28%＞12%). The treatment of meniscus injuries consists of conservative therapy and surgery, and the benefit of combining surgery with rehabilitation has become clear. However, the effectiveness of rehabilitation alone, according to the degree of isolated meniscus injury, has not been clarified. ⮚ Eligibility criteria: The review will be a scoping review of the effectiveness of rehabilitation for osteoarthritis of the knee with unilateral or bilateral isolated meniscus injuries in patients over 40 years of age. Outcomes will be pain, function, and re-injury. All types of research will be accepted without restrictions as to location, race, gender, or language of the original article. ⮚ Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) databases using the keywords "meniscus" and "physical therapy" will be conducted during September 2021. In addition, we will not limit the language of the search, in order to include all studies. Data extraction tools will be used to specifically show findings in extracted articles related to participants, concepts, context, research design, and review questions. Outcomes should be pain, function, and re-injury, and results should be specified for each outcome.
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