bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zur Konstitution und Lichtabsorption der reversibel polymeren Form des Pseudoisocyanins
Authors: Zimmermann H. , Scheibe G.
Published: October 2023

Es wird gezeigt, daß die Zahl der Farbstoffmolekeln des Ψ‐Isocyanins, die zur Entstehung der „polymeren Absorptionsbande”︁ nötig sind, höchstens drei beträgt. Bei Entstehung der „reversiblen Polymerisate”︁ mit größerer Gliedzahl tritt eine Verschiebung des Schwerpunkts der Absorptionsbande nach langen Wellen bis zu etwa 20 A ein.
Zur Theorie der Heyrovský‐Forejtschen oszillographischen Polarographie
Authors: Matsuda Hiroaki
Published: October 2023

Es wird eine theoretische Analyse der Potential‐Zeit‐Kurve der Heyrovský‐Forejtschen oszillographischen Polarographie beschrieben. Die Theorie unterliegt folgenden Voraussetzungen: 1. An der Beobachtungselektrode finden drei verschiedene Elektrodenvorgänge, d. h. ox/red (ox, red = oxydierte bzw. reduzierte Form des Depolarisators), K/K(Hg) [K, K(Hg) = Kation des Fremdelektrolyten bzw. entsprechendes Metall im Quecksilber] und Hg++2/Hg, statt. Das System ox/red enthält nur einen potentialbestimmenden Schritt und die Systeme K/K(Hg) und Hg++2/Hg verlaufen reversibel. 2. Die Transporte der beteiligten fünf Stoffe [ox, red, K, K(Hg) und Hg++2] erfolgen nur durch die Diffusionsvorgänge, die durch die eindimensional unendlich ausgedehnten ruhenden Phasen verlaufen.

Unter diesen Voraussetzungen wird eine allgemeine Formel der Potential‐Zeit‐Kurve abgeleitet. Weiterhin ergeben sich die Ausdrücke für die Knicklänge und auch für die den Mittelpunkten der kathodischen und anodischen Knicke entsprechenden Potentiale.

Zuletzt wird der Einfluß des Kapazitätsstromes auf die Potential‐Zeit‐Kurve näherungsweise diskutiert.
Eine Methode zur schnellen Druckbestimmung mit einer zähen und benetzenden Manometerflüssigkeit (Siliconöl 300)
Authors: Weber Horst
Published: October 2023

Es wird über die Verwendungsmöglichkeit von hochviskosen und benetzenden Ölen als Manometerflüssigkeiten zur schnellen Druckbestimmung berichtet. Speziell untersucht wird ein praktisch dampfdruckfreies Siliconöl der Dichte D = 0,9733 {1‐0,00095 (t‐200C)} und Viskosität v = 300 cSt. Bei der Durchführung einer Messung erfolgt die Ablesung der Höhenwerte hl und hr in dem Augenblick, in dem der zunächst fallende Meniskusboden durch ein Minimum wandert. Als Bestimmungsgleichungen werden folgende Beziehungen abgeleitet:

magnified image
Integrale Verdünnungswärmen wäßriger Lösungen von Ca3(Fe(CN)6)2, Sr3(Fe(CN)6)2, Ca2Fe(CN)6 und Sr2Fe(CN)6 bei 25°C
Authors: Lange E. , Miederer W.
Published: October 2023

Als Beispiele für weitere 2–3– und 2–4–wertige Elektrolyte wurden die molaren integralen Verdünnungswärmen wäßriger Lösungen von Ba3(Fe(CN)6)2, Sr3(Fe(CN)6)2, Ca2Fe(CN)6 und Sr2Fe(CN)6 bei 25°C bestimmt. Für große Verdünnungen ergab sich:

magnified image

In diesen Fällen ist der experimentelle Wertigkeitsquotient der Anfangsneigung – auf einen 1–1‐wertigen Elektrolyten bezogen – zwei– bis dreimal so groß wie der entsprechende theoretische interionisch bedingte Quotient.
Untersuchungen zur Reduktion elementaren Schwefels an der Quecksilbertropfelektrode
Authors: Stackelberg M. V. , Hans† W. , Hauck G.
Published: October 2023

1. Lösungen von Schwefel in Methanol geben sehr gute Polarogramme, die zur quantitativen Bestimmung geeignet sind, wenn die Lösungen mit Essigsäure‐Natriumacetat oder mit Ammonchlorid auf ein pH von 5,5 bis 7 (gemessen mit der Glaselektrode) gut gepuffert sind. Ein weiteres Leitsalz ist nicht notwendig, doch kann LiCl verwandt werden.

2. Die Gestalt dieser Reduktionsstufe S → H2S ist ungewöhnlich: Die Stromstärke steigt exponentiell an und mündet mit einem scharfen Knick in den Diffusionsstrom ein. Dieses ist dadurch bedingt, daß zunächst stromlos HgS gebildet wird und die Reduktion somit von einem Stoff konstanter Aktivität ausgeht:

Bis zum Knickpunkt gilt die Gleichung

Bei gleichzeitiger Anwesenheit von S und H2S in der Lösung ergibt sich eine glatt durch die Galvanometernullinie hindurchgehende Kurve. Der Redoxvorgang ist also polarographisch reversibel.

3. In saurer und besonders in alkalischer Lösung weist der Grenzstrom ein Minimum auf. Es läßt sich nachweisen, daß dies durch eine kinetische Hemmung der Elektrodenreaktion bedingt ist. In alkalischer Lösung wird die Hemmung wahrscheinlich durch Polysulfidbildung in einer Adsorptionsschicht verursacht.

4. Bestimmte Leitsalzanionen (z. B. Cl−, SO2−4, CH3COO−) ergeben, wenn in der methanolischen Lösung auch Schwefel zugegen ist, vor dem anodischen Endanstieg eine kleine anodische Vorstufe, die die Eigenschaften einer Adsorptionsvorstufe hat und wahrscheinlich auf der Bildung einer Hg‐S‐X‐Oberflächenverbindung beruht (X = Anion).
Membranpotentiale an Graphitoxydfolien
Authors: Clauss A. , Hofmann U. , Weiss Armin
Published: October 2023

Es gelang mit Membranen aus Graphitoxyd bei 1–1‐wertigen Elektrolyten der Kationen H+, K+, Cs+, N(CH3)4+ Potentialdifferenzen von 58 mV je Zehnerpotenz Aktivitätsunterschied zu messen. Das Verhältnis der Aktivitäten rechts und links der Membran konnte > 102 betragen. Die Aktivität der Meßlösung konnte von 10−0,5 bis 10−4, bei H‐Ionen bis 10−5 variiert werden. Auch die Aktivitäten von Alkaloidionen konnten gemessen werden.

Bei 2–1‐wertigen Elektrolyten der Kationen Ca2+ und Ba2+ reichte der entsprechende Meßbereich in Aktivitäten von 10−2 bis 10−4. Das starke Umbiegen der Kurven bei höheren Aktivitäten hat vielleicht die gleiche Ursache wie die Umladung von Tonsuspensionen in konzentrierten Erdalkalisalzlösungen.

Die Ursache für die Eignung der Graphitoxydmembranen sind die innerkristalline Quellung und die hohe Dichte an dissoziierten (austauschfähigen) Kationen. Diese Kationendichte läßt sich aus den bekannten chemischen Eigenschaften des Graphitoxyds in der richtigen Größenordnung errechnen.
Über die Phasenendumsätze an einfachen Elektroden
Authors: Lange E.
Published: October 2023

Die Stoffmengen‐Änderungen in jedem der beiden Phasenendräume einer stationär stromdurchflossenen einfachen Elektrode I/II rühren einerseits von der Elektrodenreaktion α in der Nähe der elektrochemischen Doppelschicht und andererseits von der Wanderung von Ionen (einschließlich Elektronen) durch eine Homogenfläche, die schon im homogenen Phaseninneren liegt, her. So ergibt sich für den stationären Transport von einer positiven Äquivalentladung F im Zählsinn durch die Elektrode im Phasenendraum I (II) die Phasenendumsatzzahl:

und im Phasenendraum II (I):

Wenn statt F die Ladung Δq=J.Δt im Zählsinn fließt, kommt für Δ nii des Phasenendumsatzes der Faktor J. Δt/F hinzu. Wichtige Sonderfälle sind τ = 0 und die ‐ bei ϑi = 0 ‐ in den historischen Grundgesetzen der Elektrolyse zum Ausdruck kommenden einfachen Phasenendumsatz‐Zahlen für τ, z.B. τ = 1 oder τ = 1/zi.
Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem spektralen, magnetischen und komplex‐chemischen Verhalten des gelösten Hämin‐Häm‐Systems
Authors: Rackow B. , Pröger H. , Junghähnel G.
Published: October 2023

Die Arbeit stellt eine Fortsetzung der magnetochemischen Arbeiten von Haurowitz Rawlinson, sowie Pauling am Blutfarbstoff dar.

Zunächst werden allgemeine Grundlagen über die Bildung von Normal‐ und Durchdringungskomplexen bei FeII‐ und FeIII‐Ionen und den damit verbundenen magnetischen Erscheinungen vorausgeschickt. Dabei wird auf die besondere Rolle des sechsten Liganden, „magnetokritischer Ligand”︁ genannt, hingewiesen. Besonderheiten an den an sich bekannten Versuchsmethoden werden skizziert.

Als experimentelles Ergebnis wird mitgeteilt, daß sich vier Spektraltypen unterscheiden lassen, und daß sich jedem Spektraltyp eine oder zwei bestimmte Konfigurationen am Koordinationszentrum und damit verbundene magnetische Momente zuordnen lassen.

Theoretisch lassen sich die spektralen Unterschiede auf Grund der Komplexstabilisierung, der effektiven Ladung des Komplexes und des Einflusses des starken magnetischen Momentes in der Großringebene bei fehlender 5. und 6. Koordination deuten.
Schabeffekte an aktiven und passiven Chromelektroden
Authors: Weidinger H. G. , Lange E.
Published: October 2023

Nach einer Erörterung einschlägiger thermodynamischer und kinetischer Gesichtspunkte und einer verwendeten Schabapparatur werden Herstellung und UH‐Werte einer schichtfreien, aktiven Chromelektrode, insbesondere UH‐t‐und UH‐I‐Kurven diskutiert. Anschließend wird die Schichtbildung auf zunächst aktiven Chromelektroden verfolgt. Ferner werden stationäre U‐i‐Kurven, die bis zum passiven und transpassiven

Zustand führen, mit entsprechenden Kurven am geschabten Chrom verglichen. Den Abschluß bilden einige allgemeine Gesichtspunkte zur Verwirklichungsmöglichkeit einer Wasserstoff‐elektrode.
Eine oszillographische Untersuchung der Elektrodenreaktionen am Stoffsystem Cd/wäßrige Lösung mit der intermittiert galvanostatischen Meßmethode
Authors: Ohse Roland W.
Published: October 2023

Die bei Belastung von Cadmium [l, 2] in wäßrigen Lösungen auftretenden Elektrodenreaktionen wurden mit einer intermittiert galvanostatischen Meßmethode mit oszillographischer Registrierung dei Spannungs‐Zeitkurven untersucht. Bei anodischer Belastung mit bestimmten Stromdichten wurden zwei Spannungsniveaus unterhalb der Gleichgewichts‐Bezugsspannung der Sauerstoffelektrode beobachtet; die bei intermittierter Belastung gemessenen Ruhe‐Bezugsspannungen wurden der Bildung von Cd(OH)2 und CdO nach den Elektrodenreaktionen

equation image

und

equation image

zugeordnet. Die dadurch nachgewiesene zeitliche Folge der zunächst zur Bildung von Cd(OH), und dann von CdO führenden Elektrodenreaktionen wurde mit dem durch Strukturuntersuchungen anderweitig [3‐8] ermittelten Schichtaufbau mit einer örtlichen Reihenfolge Cd/CdO/Cd(OH)2/OH−‐Lösung verglichen.

Neben diesen Befunden ergaben die oszillographischen Messungen Hinweise auf die Bildung eines höheren Cadmiumoxyds und eines Cadmiumhydrids. Der Reaktionsmechanismus bei kathodischer Belastung wurde durch die Messung der Niveauladungen und des Sauerstoffeinflusses naher erörtert.
Kinetik der Umwandlung des Ninhydrins im Alkalischen
Authors: Melkonian G. A. , Holleck L.
Published: October 2023

Die Polarogramme des Ninhydrins im Alkalischen weisen eine Ähnlichkeit mit denen des Phenylglyoxals auf. Die Konzentration des Ninhydrins HBt sich auch bei höheren pΠ‐Werten, bei denen eine Umwandlung eintritt, polarographisch gut bestimmen und damit kinetisch auswerten. Wir finden eine Umwandlungsreaktion zweiter Ordnung. Die Arrheniussche Gleichung wird ermittelt und die thermodynamischen Daten der “Aktivierung” berechnet. Ein Vergleich mit den ebenfalls ermittelten Daten des Phenylglyoxals läßt die Umwandlung als eine dem Phenylglyoxal analoge intramolekulare Cannizzaro‐Reaktion erscheinen.
Diversity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from the Bark of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn., (Bombacaceae) and Antibacterial Potential of Secalonic Acid A Produced by Diaporthe searlei EC 321
Authors: Dominique Sagou , Alex Pakora Gilles , Christiane Essoh You , Dodehe Yeo , Adèle Kacou N'douba
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study was to study the diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from Ceiba pentandra and to isolate their bioactive chemical compounds. The methodology used during this study consisted in isolating endophytic fungi from the bark of C. pentandra on Potato Agar. The isolates obtained were identified on the basis of the ITS regions of their ribosomal DNA. Antibacterial screening of the mycelium of endophytic fungi isolated was evaluated against multidrug‐resistant E. coli and S. aureus strains. This screening led to the selection of isolates EC 321 and EC 28 for their ability to effectively inhibit the growth of the bacterial strains tested. EC 321 was grown and fermented on rice medium. Secondary metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate. From the crude extract, secalonic acid A was isolated and identified by chromatographic and NMR. The in vitro activity of secalonic acid A against the growth of multiresistant bacterial strains was evaluated. Secalonic acid A was active against all multidrug‐resistant bacterial strains E. coli 942, E. coli 4814, S. aureus 931, S. aureus 934, S. aureus MRSA 1872 and K. pneumonia 815 with respective MICs of 18.75; 18.75; 18.75; 4.7; 37.5 and 37.5 μg/mL.
5‐Ammonium‐4,4‐dimethylvaleryl (Amv) Group: Generation from Acryloyl Group through Decatungstate‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−H Addition and Removal by Base‐Triggered Cyclization
Authors: Song Jizhou , Torigoe Takeru , Kuninobu Yoichiro
Published: October 2023

The 5‐ammonium‐4,4‐dimethylvaleryl (Amv) group was generated by conversion of acryloyl group through decatungstate‐catalyzed addition of C(sp3)−H bond of i‐BuNH2⋅HCl under the irradiation of UV light (365 nm or 405 nm). Treatment of Amv‐protected alcohols and anilines with aqueous Na2CO3 promoted the efficient deprotection of Amv. This is a unique method for the efficient removal of acryloyl groups from phenols, alcohols, and anilines. The selective removal of acryloyl groups through Amv in the presence of another acetyl or benzoyl group was demonstrated. The base‐triggered intramolecular cyclization of Amv was monitored by the release of a fluorescent molecule, and it was found that cyclization by Na2CO3 was very rapid (within 1 min) and that some weak bases such as 2,6‐lutidine are sufficient to promote cyclization.
Ultrasound of the Ulnar Nerve: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Becciolini Marco , Pivec Christopher , Raspanti Andrea , Riegler Georg
Published: October 2023

This is the first of a two‐part article in which we focus on the ultrasound (US) appearance of the normal ulnar nerve (UN) and its main branches. The detailed US anatomy of the UN course is presented with high‐resolution US images obtained with the latest‐generation US machines and transducers.
Determination of the Cricothyroid Membrane Height by Age and Sex and Optimal Tracheal Tube Size
Authors: Kokulu Kamil , Alkan Ender , Sert Ekrem T. , Mutlu Hüseyin , Turkucu Cagri , Akar Emin H.
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The primary aim of this study was to determine the average cricothyroid membrane (CTM) height in healthy volunteers, and the secondary aim was to determine the hypothetical success rate for emergency cricothyrotomy with a tracheal tube with an 8.0 mm outer diameter.

Methods

This study included healthy volunteers aged 18 years and older. The participants' clinical characteristics were recorded, and their CTM height was measured using ultrasound, with their necks placed sequentially in the neutral and extension positions. The relationship between the CTM height and sex, age, height, weight, body mass index, and sternomental distance was evaluated using linear regression analysis. An equation that could estimate the height of the CTM was obtained with the parameters found significant in this analysis.

Results

Of the 340 participants, 208 (61.2%) were male. The mean (SD) height of the CTM in the extension position was 9.60 (1.54) mm, and it was significantly shorter in the women than in the men (8.72 [1.19] mm vs. 10.16 [1.48] mm, p < 0.001). Among the participants of short stature, the CTM was significantly shorter, regardless of sex. The hypothetical success rate for emergency cricothyrotomy was 93.3% for the males and 73.5% for the females. The equation for estimating the height of the CTM in the extension position was determined as −4.36 + 5.27 × height (m) + 0.32 × sternomental distance (cm).

Conclusions

Since the CTM height may differ according to age, sex, and height, cricothyrotomy sets should be available in various outer diameters.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:1825–1830, 2024
Extracting proteins from microscopic biominerals: A reproducible method development using oyster larvae
Authors: Carini Alessia , Gaitán‐Espitia Juan Diego , Thiyagarajan Vengatesen
Published: October 2023

Microscopic biominerals are ubiquitous in the ocean, and several major taxa secrete them during early life stages or as adults. Organisms secrete an extracellular proteome incorporated within the biomineral to guide biomineralization remotely and enhance its material properties. This proteome has attracted the attention of extensive scientific research, but its characterization is challenging due to methodological constraints that limit the overall insight, particularly in small organisms. Therefore, we propose this straightforward and reproducible method development for preparing microscopic biominerals before proteome extraction. The method development can be tailored to other microscopic biominerals, and, importantly, it aims to integrate biomineral cleanliness and integrity without sacrificing proteome completeness. First, we suggest running an in‐depth sample exploration to identify key sample characteristics and determine the magnitude of the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) treatment. Then, we recommend running a multiple time points experiment for biomineral cleaning treatment with a fixed NaOCl concentration. The time points are evaluated using qualitative (visual assessment) and quantitative methods (biomineral loss, elemental composition, and organic structural components removal). Finally, critical time points are identified for method validation using shotgun proteomics. This approach was tested using Hong Kong oyster larval shells as a model organism. Our study discovered that surprisingly, longer treatments and partial biomineral damage are preferred for Hong Kong oyster larvae and do not lead to protein diversity loss but enrichment. This microscopic biomineral cleaning method development can facilitate harnessing information from increasingly diverse biomineral proteomes.
A case of acute submandibular sialadenitis caused by a fish bone that strayed into the submandibular gland duct
Authors: Yoshida Hisato , Yamamoto Satoshi , Matsuda Shinpei , Ozaki Kumi , Yoshimura Hitoshi
Published: October 2023

Background

Fish bones commonly stray into the tongue base, palatine tonsils, and pharyngeal mucosa but rarely into the submandibular gland duct.

Case presentation

A 74‐year‐old man developed acute sialadenitis after a fish bone strayed into the submandibular gland duct. Laboratory data revealed elevated S‐amylase level; computed tomography (CT) revealed linear opacification along the submandibular gland duct. Electron microscopic analysis confirmed the object to be a fish bone; the bone discharged spontaneously prior to a scheduled excision.

Conclusion

Identification of foreign bodies is difficult with CT or other imaging modalities alone. Additional detailed examination, such as electron microscopy analysis, is required.
Toward an Effective Innovation Framework for Federal Grant-Making: an Exploration into OPA’s Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program
Authors: Hyman Mikayla , Philbrick Sarah
Published: October 2023

States, local, tribal, and territorial governments received almost 20% of all federal spending in fiscal year 2022, about $1.2 trillion dollars (US Office of Management and Budget, 2023a). For a strong, well-functioning democracy, the federal government must be able to disperse grant funds efficiently and effectively. Rates of teen pregnancy in the USA, while decreasing in recent years, are still consistently higher than that of other western industrialized nations (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023). The Office of Population Affairs’ (OPA) Teen Pregnancy Prevention program combines cutting edge research with innovative grant distribution to creatively tackle this issue. In this commentary, we explore some of the strengths of OPA’s grant distribution program in the hope that others may emulate best practices from this program. Specifically, the special issue highlights how OPA’s grant program took a customer-centered focus by prioritizing work with end users and community. This evidence-based focus enabled the testing of ideas, which in turn could be iterated and scaled up. Through grantee innovation networks, they created space for external expertise, creative thinking, and diversity of thought. Other programs, policymakers, and their partners may learn from OPA’s success, which arises from three core characteristics: (1) their funding stature allows long-term and flexible allocation of funding toward innovation; (2) OPA focuses on creating and supporting local communities and networks of innovation; (3) OPA emphasizes evidence-based decision-making and rigorous evaluation throughout the grant process. With a fifth of the federal budget being dispersed through grant-making and teen pregnancy still at high rates, OPA offers an exciting avenue for innovation and success in both of these areas. This commentary concludes with some recommendations for future practice.
Mendelssohn and the Genesis of the Protestant A Cappella Movement
Authors: Reichwald Siegwart
Published: October 2023

Drawing on his experiences in Berlin under Schleiermacher and his travels to the Vatican, Mendelssohn, as the Director of Prussian Church Music, wanted to offer an edifying worship experience where large-scale choral works would become an indispensable part of the liturgy, which he saw as a performative or representational act, centered around the life of Christ. Yet he quickly realized that the court and clergy were not interested in his foundational concepts; they merely wanted reforms based on the restauration ideals espoused by Winterfeld and Thibaut. Analyses of his 25 Domchor compositions and their revisions in this Element chronicle Mendelssohn's stylistic development and his ability to continue to offer a Christological worship experience within strictly prescribed parameters. The Berlin Domchor and its new repertoire by Mendelssohn and contemporaneous composers quickly became the model for the emerging a cappella movement throughout Protestant Germany.
Evidentialism, Judgment, and Suspension: Meeting Sosa's Challenges
Authors: McCain Kevin
Published: October 2023

Ernest Sosa has recently presented three challenges for evidentialism. The challenges concern what is required for epistemically justified judging and suspending of judgment. The aim of this article is to respond to these challenges on behalf of the evidentialist. Importantly, responding to Sosa's challenges requires giving substance to the idea of appreciating what one's evidence supports. This idea has been mentioned by prominent evidentialists but not given adequate development. Hence, this article marks a significant move forward in the understanding of evidentialism as well as a defense of the theory from Sosa's prima facie serious objections.
Hezb-e Tudeh-ye Iran and Its Struggle Against the Challenges Posed Against It by the British, 1942–1946: An Analysis Based on Soviet Documents
Authors: Shahvar Soli
Published: October 2023

Archival documents from Russia, which are becoming more accessible, help to provide a more accurate accounts of Iran's political past. Based on Soviet documents from the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, as well additional primary and secondary sources in various languages, the focus of this article is on the challenges and obstacles which the Tudeh Party faced from the British and their proxies in Iran during the Allied occupation of Iran in Second World War (thus creating Tudeh's ‘British Problem’). The article delves not only on describing and analyzing those challenges and obstacles, but also on the way the Tudeh was able to overcome them, and its political breakthrough and success in the Fourteenth Majlis elections and later in introducing three of its members into Qavam's coalition government. Faced with such successes of the Tudeh, and worried about the future of their own interests in Iran, and especially the oil installations of the AIOC, the British sought American assistance. According to the Soviet view, it was only through an Anglo-American cooperation that Tudeh's political rise in Iran was checked.
Fixed point sets and the fundamental group II: Euler characteristics
Authors: Cappell Sylvain , Weinberger Shmuel , Yan Min
Published: October 2023

For a finite group

$G$

of not prime power order, Oliver showed that the obstruction for a finite CW-complex

$F$

to be the fixed point set of a contractible finite

$G$

-CW-complex is determined by the Euler characteristic

$\chi (F)$

. (He also has similar results for compact Lie group actions.) We show that the analogous problem for

$F$

to be the fixed point set of a finite

$G$

-CW-complex of some given homotopy type is still determined by the Euler characteristic. Using trace maps on

$K_0$

[2, 7, 18], we also see that there are interesting roles for the fundamental group and the component structure of the fixed point set.
Ownership psychology, its antecedents and consequences
Authors: Boyer Pascal
Published: October 2023

Commentators discussed the coherence and validity of a minimalist approach to ownership intuitions, in ways that make it possible to clarify the model, re-evaluate its cognitive underpinnings, and sketch some of its implications. This response summarizes the model; addresses issues concerning the need for a special technical lexicon when describing cognitive semantics; the psychology involved in contexts of competitive acquisition and their consequences for possession and use of rival resources; the role of cooperative expectations in creating mutually beneficial allocation of resources; the consequences of ownership psychology for social interaction and the production of social norms of property; and the relations between psychological processes and legal institutions in the domain, before proposing some final thoughts.
The increase in the surface brightness of the night sky and its importance in visual astronomical observations
Authors: Wesołowski Marcin
Published: October 2023

The problem of sky pollution with artificial light currently affects practically all branches that are related to the broadly understood environment. This is especially true for astronomical observations. This paper presents the results of measurements of the surface brightness of the night sky for the city of Rzeszów and the surrounding area, which were made in 2015, 2018 and 2021 using the photometer Sky Quality Meter (SQM-L). The measurements show that the surface brightness of the night sky in Rzeszów in 2015 was in the range from 19.20 to 18.67 mag/arcsec2, in 2018 the value of brightness oscillated in the range from 18.53 to 16.47 mag/arcsec2, and in 2021 this value was in the range from 17.13 by 15.11 mag/arcsec2. Translating the obtained values on the Bortle scale, we can see an increase in the brightness of the night sky from class VI in 2015 to class IX in 2021. A similar trend applies to neighboring towns, for which an increase in brightness from class IV in 2015 to class VIII in 2021 was also observed. An increase in the surface brightness of the night sky causes a deterioration or even loss of visibility of astronomical objects in the night sky. This is especially true for comets and low-brightness stars. Based on the measurement results, a forecast of the development of light pollution was prepared for the study areas until 2025. This forecast shows that we will still have to deal with an increase in the surface brightness of the night sky. Due to the further projected increase in the brightness of the night sky, it should be expected that observers in small towns will experience changes in the quality of the sky over the coming years, which will undoubtedly make astronomical observations difficult, in particular for faint celestial bodies such as comets.
Gut microbiome and brain transcriptome analyses reveal the effect of walnut oil in preventing scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment
Authors: Zheng Jing Yi , Kang Ting , Jiang Chao , Lin Li Ke , Gao Lu , Jin Li Hua , Shu Yu , Zhang Jing Jing , Li Cong , Chen Bang , Shen Ye Hua
Published: October 2023

Walnut oil could improve cognitive impairment by influencing the secretion of neurotransmitters through the regulation of gut microbiota in vivo.
Organic polymer facilitated CO2 photoreduction: a minireview
Authors: Zhao Wenfeng , Ge Qinmei , Li Hu , Jiang Nan , Chen Shangwei , Yang Song , Cong Hang
Published: October 2023

CO2 photoreduction with organic polymer as photocatalysts is an attractive strategy. This review highlights the recent advances in polymer-driven CO2 photoreduction, and discusses the opportunities and challenges for further development.
Elucidating the reaction mechanism of SO2 with Cu-CHA catalysts for NH3-SCR by X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Molokova Anastasia Yu. , Abasabadi Reza K. , Borfecchia Elisa , Mathon Olivier , Bordiga Silvia , Wen Fei , Berlier Gloria , Janssens Ton V. W. , Lomachenko Kirill A.
Published: October 2023

In situ XAS reveals the mechanism of SO2 interaction with Cu-CHA SCR catalysts.
Mikrobiologische Diagnostik und Therapie bei Hautkrankheiten
Authors: Karthein Jutta M.
Published: October 2023

Die Funktionen der Haut sind sehr komplex. Sie schützt und bewahrt den Menschen. Unsere Haut definiert uns nach außen und verleiht unserer Persönlichkeit einen Rahmen. Zudem beeinflusst die unbedeckte Haut den sog. ersten Eindruck. Sie kann Stimmungen wie leichtes Erröten anzeigen und dient nicht zuletzt der Repräsentation (z. B. durch Schminken, Piercings und Tattoos). Der Artikel befasst sich mit den Funktionen und Störungen der Haut, geht auf die Mikroökologie und Immunologie unserer „Schutzschicht und Abgrenzung“ nach außen ein und gibt einen Überblick über Diagnostik und Therapiemöglichkeiten bei Störungen dieses Grenzflächenorgans. Ein Patientenfall zeigt, dass auch Dermatosen einer mikrobiologischen Therapie zugänglich sind.
Hautnah – Ayurveda bei Hauterkrankungen
Authors: Mittwede Martin , Rosenberg Theresa
Published: October 2023

Der Zugang der traditionellen Ayurveda-Medizin zu Gesundheit und Krankheit ist systemisch. Dies trifft auch auf die Haut und ihre Erkrankungen zu. Neben lokalen Ursachen (die selbstverständlich auch vorkommen können) schaut der Ayurveda bei intensiveren Hautstörungen auf den Gesamtstoffwechsel und dessen Regulation. Gleichzeitig ist zu beachten, dass der Ayurveda von einer multifaktoriellen Genese ausgeht und die Patienten individuell betrachtet. Daher werden auch die Therapiemaßnahmen i. d. R. genau auf die vorhandene Störung, die individuelle Konstitution und die Lebensumstände inkl. der Ernährung abgestimmt. Der Beitrag geht auf die psychosomatischen und organischen Ursachen ein und beschreibt dies anhand eines klinischen Praxisbeispiels aus dem Rosenberg Kur- und Gesundheitszentrum in Birstein.
Update on Pediatric Spine Imaging
Authors: Schatteman Stijn , Jaremko Jacob , Jans Lennart , Herregods Nele
Published: October 2023

The spine is often difficult to evaluate clinically in children, increasing the importance of diagnostic imaging to detect a wide variety of spinal disorders ranging from congenital abnormalities to severe infections. Clinical history and physical examination can help determine whether imaging is needed and which imaging technique would be best. The most common cause for back pain, even in children, is muscular strain/spasm that does not require any imaging. However, red flags such as pain at age < 5 years, constant pain, night pain, radicular pain, pain lasting > 4 weeks, or an abnormal neurologic examination may require further investigation. Imaging can be of great value for diagnosis but must be interpreted along with the clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory findings to achieve an accurate diagnosis. We discuss imaging for the most common and/or important spine pathologies in children: congenital and developmental pathologies, trauma, infectious processes, inﬂammatory causes, and tumors.
Spectrum of Multidetector Computed Tomography Imaging Findings in Iatrogenic Abdominopelvic Injuries: A Comprehensive Pictorial Review
Authors: Subramanian Pavithra , Sharma Arun , Soundararajan Raghuraman , Singhal Manphool
Published: October 2023

Iatrogenic injuries are unavoidable complications of surgeries and minimally invasive procedures. They are generally classified into vascular and nonvascular injuries and based on the time of injury into early and late injuries. Iatrogenic injuries, particularly vascular injuries, increase the mortality and morbidity, with prolongation of hospital-stay. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is a highly sensitive, and often the first imaging modality in suspected iatrogenic injuries. This pictorial review elucidates the imaging considerations and appearances of iatrogenic injuries of the abdominopelvic organs on MDCT.
Pollution, income inequality and green finance in the new EU member states
Authors: Simionescu Mihaela , Gavurová Beáta
Published: October 2023

Income inequality and pollution represent major challenges for the New EU Member States. In this context, the main objective of this paper is to check if income inequality enhances pollution in the EU-13 countries in the period 2002–2021. The results depend on the type of method that was employed (Fully Modified Least Square (FMOLS) estimators and method of moments quantile regression). In most of the cases, Gini index and gender pay gap have a negative impact on GHG emissions. An inverse U pattern is supported for the pollution—economic growth nexus. Foreign direct investment contributes to pollution, while renewable energy consumption proved to be the most efficient tool in the fight with pollution. For robustness check, in the period 2006–2021, the environmental protection investments of general government reduced the GHG emissions only in the long run. The results are the basis for the formulations of various proposals to reduce pollution in the New EU Member States.
Non-invasive rheological testing overcomes a critical setback
Authors: Palivela Ananya
Published: October 2023

By adjusting the known Generalized Stokes-Einstein Relation, light can measure bulk rheological dynamics.
Wireless microwave energy harvester uses electromagnetic metamaterials to power electrical devices
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: October 2023

By converting electromagnetic radiation into thermal energy first, this harvester circumvents the inefficiencies of other wireless energy converters.
Complete and Effective Data Protection
Authors: Lynskey Orla
Published: October 2023

Data protection law is often invoked as the first line of defence against data-related interferences with fundamental rights. As societal activity has increasingly taken on a digital component, the scope of application of the law has expanded. Data protection has been labelled ‘the law of everything’. While this expansion of material scope to absorb the impact of socio-technical changes on human rights appears justified, less critical attention has been paid to the questions of to whom the law should apply and in what circumstances. The Court of Justice has justified an expansive interpretation of the personal scope of the law in order to ensure ‘effective and complete’ data protection for individuals. This article argues that the attempt to make the protection offered by the law more ‘complete’ risks jeopardising its practical effectiveness and raises doubts about the soundness of the regulatory approach to data protection. In the quest for effective and complete protection, it seems that something must give.
Use of Surgical Adjuvants Does Not Decrease Recurrence of Aneurysmal Bone Cysts in Surgical Intervention With Pediatric Patients
Authors: Gettleman Brandon S. , Padilla Abigail N. , Kumar Shourya , Wren Tishya A.L. , Miller Joseph , Pawel Bruce R. , Tolo Vernon T. , Christ Alexander B.
Published: October 2023

Background:

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign active tumors often requiring intralesional curettage with or without adjuvants. The primary aim of this study was to analyze whether recurrence is influenced by the use of surgical adjuvants in pediatric patients with ABCs. Secondary aims examined recurrence rates based on age, sex, and physeal contact.

Methods:

A retrospective review was performed at a tertiary pediatric hospital from 2004 to 2020. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients treated surgically for histologically confirmed ABCs with a minimum of 6 months follow-up. Patients with treatment for a recurrent tumor or incomplete records were excluded. Patient demographics, location of the lesion, treatment technique, and incidence of recurrence were collected. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA.

Results:

There were 129 patients (74 males and 55 females) with a mean age of 11.5 ± 4.1 years and an average follow-up of 29.0 ± 25.4 months. The most common locations for ABCs were the femur and tibia. Of the patients, 53.5% had tumors abutting the physis, 28.7% had no physeal contact, and 17.8% had insufficient imaging to evaluate physeal contact. Surgical adjuvants (high-speed burr, coagulation, liquid nitrogen, and/or hydrogen peroxide) were used in 91 of the 129 cases (70.5%). There was no significant difference in recurrence when comparing those who received an adjuvant and those who did not (25.3% vs 23.7%, P = 1.000). Physeal contact was also not significantly associated with recurrence (P = 0.146). Finally, patients younger than 6 years old were significantly more likely to have recurrence compared with those 6 years old or older (66.7% vs 21.7%, P = 0.007).

Conclusion:

Our study found no association between the use of surgical adjuvants and the risk of recurrence after intralesional curettage for ABCs. Although our study did demonstrate that patients 6 years old or younger had an increased rate of recurrence, no significant association was found regarding physeal contact or sex. These data indicate that surgical adjuvant may not affect the recurrence rates of pediatric patients with ABCs.

Level of Evidence:

Level III. This retrospective review compares rates of recurrence based on the choice of surgical adjuvant.
Can We Control Lateral Shoulder Balance Through Proximal Thoracic Curve Correction in Lenke Type 2 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis?
Authors: Lee Hyung Rae , Hwang Chang Ju , Seok Sang Yun , Gwak Hyun Wook , Cho Jae Hwan , Lee Dong-Ho , Lee Choon Sung
Published: October 2023

Background:

Proximal thoracic curve (PTC) correction has been considered to prevent lateral shoulder imbalance in Lenke Type 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients; however, postoperative shoulder imbalance (PSI) commonly occurs despite these strategies with PTC correction. We investigated the hypothesis that PTC correction would not directly affect PSI in the majority of Lenke type 2 AIS cases. Furthermore, we investigated the risk factors for lateral PSI after corrective surgery.

Methods:

This study examined the records for AIS patients with Lenke type 2 who underwent corrective surgery and followed up for >2 years. Patients were categorized into PSI (−); radiologic shoulder height (RSH)<15 mm, and PSI (+); RSH≥15 mm. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed at preoperatively, postoperatively, 1 month, and final follow-up. Postoperative lateral shoulder imbalance was predicted by the identification of univariate analysis and multivariate analysis.

Results:

Among the 151 patients reviewed, 29 (19.2%) showed PSI at final follow-up. Lateral shoulder balance parameters showed different directionalities between PSI (−) and (+) groups at postoperatively, 1 month, and final follow-up (P<0.01 each). Preoperative PTC, middle thoracic curve (MTC) curve and MTC correction showed strong correlations with the RSH (P=0.01, 0.03, and 0.04, respectively). However, PTC correction did not show a significant correlation with the RSH. Moreover, only a smaller MTC curve and larger MTC correction rate were related to lateral PSI in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:

In Lenke type 2 AIS curves, the MTC curve and its correction predominantly influence lateral shoulder imbalance after corrective surgery, irrespective of the PTC correction extent. Consequently, overemphasizing the correction of the PTC curve may not necessarily lead to an improved lateral shoulder balance. When MTC curve is smaller, surgeons should be more careful for MCT overcorrection leading to a lateral shoulder imbalance.

Level of Evidence:

Level III.
Neurocognitive and Symptom Validity Testing for Post–COVID-19 Condition in a Workers Compensation Context
Authors: LeGoff Daniel B. , Lazarovic Jacob , Kofeldt Miranda , Peters Aimee
Published: October 2023

Objective

Efficacy of a neurocognitive screening evaluation (NCSE) in assessing symptoms and disability associated with post–COVID-19 condition (PCC) and facilitating employee recovery and return to work was evaluated.

Methods

An NCSE was administered to 64 employees off work because of neurocognitive complaints attributed to post–COVID-19 condition. Neurocognitive and symptom validity data were analyzed along with recovery and return-to-work timelines.

Results

A large percentage of the employees gave invalid responses and noncredible effort on psychological and cognitive tests (48%). The NCSEs with invalid profiles suggested more severe cognitive and psychiatric symptoms than valid profiles. Both valid and invalid groups had significant reductions in illness duration and lost workdays after the NCSE.

Conclusions

Post–COVID-19 condition resulted in reports of mild to moderate cognitive and psychiatric symptoms with extensive mean work leave of 11 months before mental health assessment. Regardless of symptom validity, after the NCSE, the employees were released to work at an average of 3 weeks.
Nursing Students' Intention to Work in Hospice Care in the Future
Authors: Ben Natan Merav , Makhoul Khuri Moran , Hammer Haviel , Yarkoni Maya
Published: October 2023

Studies reveal that nursing students rank hospice nursing among their least preferred career choices. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between nursing students' intention to work in hospice care in the future and their attitudes toward caring for dying patients, death anxiety, personal and/or professional experience of caring for dying patients, and type of nursing program studied. In this cross-sectional study, 200 nursing students completed an online survey based on the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale and the Turkish Death Anxiety Scale. Only 11% of the respondents were found to express interest in working in hospice care in the future. Studying in the accelerated program for nonnursing Bachelor of Arts graduates predicted a higher intention to work in hospice care in the future, than studying in the generic program (β = 0.27, P < .001). Completion of clinical experience in a medical ward predicted lower intention (β = −0.21, P < .01). These findings suggest that nursing students in the accelerated program for nonnursing Bachelor of Arts graduates should be provided with appropriate experience and support to maintain their interest in hospice nursing. Clinical experience in medical wards does not seem to be a good substitute for clinical experience in hospice care.
High HIV prevalence in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia patients
Authors: Parker Victoria L. , Baker Zoe L.I. , Stone Benjamin J. , Singh Kamaljit , Winter Matthew C. , Palmer Julia E.
Published: October 2023

Objective:

To assess the HIV prevalence in patients diagnosed with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN).

Design:

A retrospective single centre cohort study.

Methods:

A database from the Sheffield Trophoblastic Disease Centre (STDC), Sheffield, UK was searched between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2021. A total of 3,591 patients were referred to STDC with a diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), of which 221 (6.2%) were treated for GTN. The prevalence of HIV-positive tests in GTN patients was assessed.

Results:

HIV testing was performed in 93% GTN patients (n = 205/221). Overall, 1.3% of GTN patients (n = 3/221) were HIV-positive, involving two known HIV-positive patients and one new diagnosis. This equates to a HIV prevalence of 14 : 1000, which is ∼7 to 9× higher than the HIV prevalence in Sheffield (1.9 per 1000) and Yorkshire and Humber (1.5 per 1000).

Conclusion:

Given the extremely high HIV prevalence in our population, ‘opt out’ HIV testing is recommended within our specialist trophoblastic centre for all referred GTD and GTN patients. There is little reason to suspect that the prevalence of HIV-positive patients is any lower in the cohort of GTD patients referred to specialist trophoblastic centres for hCG screening alone, without requiring chemotherapy, particularly considering that most GTN arises from GTD.
Hybrid Surgery for Revascularization of Chronic Occlusion of Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Ma Lin , Ren He-cheng , Huang Ying , Yin Long
Published: October 2023

Objective:

The aim of this study was to conclude the safety and effectiveness of hybrid surgery for revascularization of chronic occlusion of internal carotid artery (COICA).

Methods:

A total of 56 COCIA patients underwent hybrid surgery (carotid endarterectomy+carotid artery stenting) from September 2017 to September 2021 in our department. The clinical material and radiology data (preoperation and postoperation) were retrospectively analyzed to conclude the safety and effectiveness of hybrid surgery for revascularization of COICA.

Results:

All 56 patients underwent hybrid surgery got revascularization successfully (with a successful rate of 100%) and improved intracranial blood flow. The computed tomography perfusion results indicate that the postoperative cerebral blood flow perfusion of the patient is significantly improved compared with before surgery. In 1 patient, postoperative brain magnetic resonance imaging within 24 hours showed spotted fresh infarction with head magnetic resonance imaging, without any clinical symptoms; 3 patients developing symptoms of ipsilateral neural-functional defect (hypoglossal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve, and mandibular branch of facial nerve, respectively), 2 weeks later the symptoms were disappeared. Imaging study at 3 and 6 months during the follow-up showed no abnormalities.

Conclusion:

Hybrid surgery is safe and effective for revascularization of COICA.
CBCT Analysis of Oropharynx Airway Volume
Authors: Al-Bahrani Zainab M. , Najm Areej Ahmed , Hadi Farah A.
Published: October 2023

Objective:

The study was performed to analyze the oropharynx airway and examine the influence of age and gender on the oropharynx volume configuration using cone beam computed tomography.

Materials and Methods:

This study examined the cone beam computed tomographic images of 51 patients 25 male and 26 females, group matched for age and gender. The oropharynx airway volume and area between the posterior nasal spine and top of the epiglottis were measured and compared.

Results:

The statistical measurements of 51 cone beam computed tomography images showed a nonsignificant difference found between male and female regarding the age (the mean age for female 40.15 y. and for male32.72 y). Male subjects had greater oropharynx volume, a high significant difference (P=0.005) in oropharynx volume between the 3 age groups. A significant difference was found between the smallest age group with the larger age groups.

Conclusion:

The study data revealed that the changes in measurements of oropharynx airway are age-dependent in addition to gender effect.
‘Tarzan of the sciences’: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in the communication jungle,
CA
1970
Authors: Beckman Jenny
Published: October 2023

In this paper, I discuss how the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences attempted to transform itself from an unofficial government agency into what might be called a scientific public relations organization in the years around 1970. On an organizational level, this transformation manifested in the establishment of new positions at the Academy: an international secretary was hired in 1970 and an information secretary in 1973, both soon followed by their own departments and staff. On a more existential level, it involved redefining its role in Swedish scientific research and administration, in relation to other institutions and to its own past position.