bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An end-to-end approach to autonomous vehicle control using deep learning
Authors: Novello Gustavo Antonio Magera , Yamamoto Henrique Yda , Cabral Eduardo Lobo Lustosa
Published: December 2021

The objective of this work is to develop an autonomous vehicle controller inside Grand Theft Auto V game, used as a simulation environment. It is used an end-to-end approach, in which the model maps directly the inputs from the image of a car hood camera and a sequence of speed values to three driving commands: steering wheel angle, accelerator pedal pressure and brake pedal pressure. The developed model is composed of a convolutional neural network and a recurring neural network. The convolutional network processes the images and the recurrent network processes the speed data. The model learns from data generated by a human driver´s commands. Two interfaces are developed: one for collecting in-game training data and another to verify the performance of the model for the autonomous vehicle control. The results show that the model after training is capable to drive the vehicle as well as a human driver. This proves that a combination of a convolutional network with a recurrent network, using an end-to-end approach, is capable of obtaining a good driving performance even using only images and speed velocity as sensory data.
Influence of Risk Habits on Demographic Factors and its Impact on Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Rashid Shahrayne , Manzar Saadia , Kazmi Farhat , Shahzad Hazik Bin , Aslam Jan Zeeshan , Minam Qureshi Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Objective: To establish a correlation and evaluate paradigm shift of demographic parameters in oral submucous fibrosis patients due to use of areca nut and tobacco. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Outpatient Department of Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Lahore from 1st November 2019 to 30th June 2021. Methodology: All patients with compliant of limited mouth opening and diagnosed clinically with oral submucous fibrosis were included. Biographical data was collected based on age, gender, literacy rate, socioeconomic conditions and habit of consumption of areca nut-based products and tobacco. Results: Prevalence of OSMF was 0.45% with mean age of 29.26±14.12 years. Areca nut alone is consumed more by females (44.12%) whereas combination of tobacco and areca nut use was higher in males (87.76%). Risk habits were found to be highest in uneducated/primary education (63.01%) and in low socioeconomic group (59.03%). Conclusion: Comparing the last two decades, there is paradigm shift in age of contracting OSMF towards younger age. Significant finding of areca nut use by females also draws attention for control measures. Harmful effects of areca nut and tobacco products should be highlighted and included in educational and community programs. Keywords: Oral submucous fibrosis, Potentially malignant disorders, Areca nut, Oral squamous cell carcinoma
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Dengue
Authors: Shoaib Maryam , Sohail Tareen Muhammad , Afridi Uzma , Saifullah Samia
Published: December 2021

Background: Dengue infection has been observed to cause critical outcomes in mother as well as child from an infected pregnancy. Objective: To assess the maternal and neonatal outcomes of dengue infected pregnancy. Study Design: Prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta 1st August 2018 to 28th February 2021. Methodology: Fifty pregnant females were enrolled after their dengue confirmation either by NS1, IgM or IgG test. Clinical and demographic information was recorded. Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were noticed by following the patients until delivery and postpartum period and the new born if infected then up to post 6 months of delivery. Results: The mean age of patients was 25.5±3.5 years. Out of the total pregnant dengue infected females 60% had multigravida. Fifty percent of females came for clinical assistance in their third trimester. Post-partum hemorrhages were common in 6% patients. Vertical transmission was seen in three cases where two did not survive and had intra uterine death. Maternal mortality was seen in 14% of total cases. Conclusion: Morbidity, preterm labor, vertical transmission, intrauterine death are some of the maternal and neonatal outcomes of dengue infected pregnancy. Keywords: Dengue, Pregnancy, Neonatal outcomes, Maternal outcomes
Spinal Anaesthesia Failure Risk Followed by Failed Epidural Block in Caesarean Deliveries
Authors: Unar Fozia , Javaid Nazish , Rasool Dar Shahid , Tariq Noman
Published: December 2021

Background: There is a risk associated with spinal anaesthesia failure after immediate deliverance of epidural anaesthesia. Objective: To assess the risk of spinal anaesthesia failure followed by failed epidural block in caesarean deliveries. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Khairpur Medical College Khairpur Mir’s from 1st July 2020 to 30th June 2021. Methodology: One hundred and seventy labour cases who have been given epidural anaesthesia and were prepared for caesarean section through spinal anaesthesia were included. The demographic and clinical information of each pregnant female was documented. Proper epidural dosage was maintained during labour. Results: The mean age of the patients was 26.5±5.2 years. There was a significant increase in body mass index among epidural converted spinal aesthesia patients. The higher incidence of non-reassuring foetal heart tracing and malpresentation in failure cases were found. Conclusion: There is a 11.17% risk of spinal anaesthetics failure for attaining block height when administered within 30 min of epidural dose. Keywords: Epidural, Spinal anaesthesia, Anaesthesia, Caesarean
Incidence of Appendicitis in Adults
Authors: Hassan Maaz-ul-, , Muhammad Shah Syed , Shah Ali Akbar
Published: December 2021

Background: Appendicitis is a common infection which can lead to serious illness in children as well as adults. Objective: To assess the incidence of appendicitis in adults. Study Design: Retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Surgery, Shalamar Medical & Dental College, Lahore from 1st January 2020 to 30th June 2021. Methodology: One hundred and eighty cases registered for abdominal pain in right iliac fossa. The appendectomy cases of adults (>45 years) were scrutinized from these cases. Demographic and clinical information was gathered from each appendicitis patient with diagnostic symptoms as well as histopathology and radiology imaging. Result: Eighty seven were confirmed acute appendicitis with 48 males and 39 females within the age group of 45-75 years. Gangrenous appendicitis was presented in 11.5% and perforated appendicitis was noticed in 31.03% of the total patients. Conclusion: The incidence of appendicitis was 48.33% in adults. Keywords: Appendectomy, Perforated, Misdiagnosis
THE LEARNING MODEL IMPLEMENTATION OF SASAK, BALI-LOMBOK AND BUGIS ETHNICITY MULTIGENIC-HOMOGENIC LOCAL TRADITION-BASED CIVICS LITERACY IN MATARAM CITY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LOMBOK WEST NUSATENGGARA
Authors: Solihin Ichas Hamid  , Tuti Istianti  , Baiq Zohri Uyni  , Ni Nyoman Elly Setiawati  , G. Ayu Ariyanthi
Published: December 2021

The implementation of collaboration with teachers in SDN Selaprang 7 and Cakranegara 1 Mataram City Lombok NTB was conducted corresponding to health protocol during the pandemic situation, that is, the by the dual system, both using technological information devices teachers visit program to student’s group. Apart from the situational limitation, the ethnic-pedagogic approach in this research delivers a visible outcome target, at least in the behavior changes and teachers' understanding of the demand of multidimensional Literacy development, which is a part of the curriculum message content for building student's character since elementary school. Exploring the local wisdom value contained in a variety of traditional arts such as verbal expressions, audial chants, visual appearances, and combinations of games and exhibitions, either virtual or directly, has the potential to become a medium is the message in cultural literacy and citizenship development. Traces marks and learning outcomes of citizenship literacy models based on homogeneous and multigenic local wisdom in elementary schools of Mataram City, Lombok, NTB found in this study are : 1) teachers’ involved research collaboration for developing Civics Literacy in elementary school can make integral revitalization of their professional task demand to encourage the process and learning outcome of the students’ entirely conforming to the elementary school students’ requirements; 2) Covid-19 pandemic situation, aside as an obstacle for achieving learning standard, remain gives the opportunity to develop technological network-based learning alternative with its all practical innovation and combination in the field; 3 the implementation of Civics Literacy development becomes pleasant refreshment medium for student from monotone situation as a result of partial academic assignments because it integrates learning activities in which it will more explore students’ potential in absorbing and internalizing cultural values instilled within family and community both homogeneously and multi-culturally.
MORAL EDUCATION VALUE IN TEMBANG ILIR-ILIR LYRICS FOR THE SOCIETY (PRAGMATIC AND IMPLICATIVE STUDIES)
Authors: Sunarmi
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to find the meaning or value of moral education implied in tembang ilir-ilir lyrics of Sunan Wali Sanga's (12th century) and its meaning for society. The narrative of the lyrics is expressed in Javanese. The study was carried out by using a qualitative paradigm, which was pursued by a single embedded descriptive case study. Data were collected from document / archive sources or libraries. Data validity used triangulation of data. Data were analyzed using pragmatic analysis models. The findings showed that moral education value in tembang Ilir-ilir lyrics was related to one's faith and piety to God. Faith and piety starts from the moment humans are born until they die. The manifestation of one's faith and piety in tembang Ilir-ilir lyrics expressed the need to believe in the oneness of God, doing shalat, and perform amar ma'ruf nahi mungkar (acts of virtue and stay away from God's prohibitions). The impact on readers was that they can understand the meaning and improve the belief of need to approach oneself towards God by carrying out worship according to what has been directed. The novelty of this study was namely delivering of da'wah that carried out by Islamic religious leaders by conveying the chanting of tembang which makes listeners feel entertained and happy, so that the message conveyed feels easy to accept and is motivated to be implemented.
SLOW DEEP BREATHING EXERCISE ON PATIENTS’ BLOOD PRESSURE WITH HYPERTENSION IN WORKING AREA OF KERTOSARI HEALTH CENTER BANYUWANGI 2020
Authors: Rima Ambarwati  , Masroni  , Anita Dwi Ariyani
Published: December 2021

Slow deep breathing exercise is a non-pharmacological therapy in hypertension patients without comorbidities that can reduce blood pressure. This study aimed to investigate the effect of slow deep breathing exercise on patients’ blood pressure with hypertension in working area of Kertosari Health Center Banyuwangi. This study used experimental design with One-Group Pre-test - Post-test. The sample consisted of 11 respondents who fit the inclusion criteria recruited from an observation sheet of blood pressure measurement using a digital sphygmomanometer, then processed by conducting scoring, tabulating and statistical analysis using Paired T-Test from SPSS 25 for windows. The average respondent's SBP (Systolic Blood Pressure) before SDB (slow deep breathing) was 162.82 mmHg and after SDB was 133.27 mmHg. The average DBP before SDB was 87.91 mmHg and after SDB was 80.09 mmHg. Further analysis used Paired T-Test found ρ value = 0.000, α = 0.05 or ρ value < 0.05. It can be concluded that there was a significant Effect of Slow Deep Breathing Exercise on Patients' Blood Pressure with Hypertension in Working Area of Kertosari Health Center Banyuwangi 2020.
THE INFLUENCE OF AMOUNT TOURISTS AND AMOUNT HOTEL ON RECEIVING HOTEL TAX
Authors: Sulistyowati  , Hendrawati
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of the amount of tourists, the amount of hotels on tax revenue. In an effort to support the existence of advanced, prosperous, independent, and just regional autonomy, they are faced with a challenge to prepare strategies in development planning. Proper planning by taking into account the potential of the region, especially in identifying the linkages between the hotel sector and other sectors. The analytical research technique used is t is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the amount of tourists has an effect on hotel tax receipts while the amount of hotels does not affect hotel tax revenues. Based on the coefficient of determination the influence of the amount of tours and the amount of hotels has an effect of 63.2%. It is recommended to local and central governments to continue to increase the amount of tourist visits by increasing the development of the amount of tourist and entertainment places and having to hold events more often, both nationally and internationally.
POTENTIAL OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA ON THE INTENSITY OF THE BEMESIA TABACI PEST IN HORTICULTURAL PESTS
Authors: Betty Kadir Lahati  , Helda Sabban
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze the potency of Beauveria bassiana (Bb) and the best concentration on the population of whitefly Bemesia tabaci on horticultural crops. The method used was a Randomized Block Design (RAK) on eggplant and chili plants with 4 treatments, namely control, Bb 100g/10ltr water, 150g/10ltr water and 200g/10ltr water. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. Data analysis used analysis of variance and continued with the BNT test. The results of the potency test of Beauveria bassiana have the best concentration at 200g/10ltr of water. The average whitefly population on eggplant plants was 65.57%, the population decreased to 6.37% and chili with an average population of 39.37% chili, the population decreased to 15.87%. This is also influenced by agricultural systems in eggplant fields which often rely on synthetic pesticides which cause pests to become resistant and also destroy natural enemies. compared to whitefly pest populations in chili fields which often use organic materials that are far from pest resistance and anti-natural enemies. In addition, the leaves of the eggplant plant are larger than the chili leaves which allow them to lay more eggs and also have a number of trichomes as a shelter for whitefly from natural enemies (predators). The conclusion of the study was that Beauveria Bassiana had good potency at a concentration of 200g/10ltrair against the whitefly Bemesia tabaci on horticultural crops, both eggplant and chili plants. It is suggested to analyze the relationship between leaf structure and preference level of whitefly on horticultural crops.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BREAST CARE IMPLEMENTATION AND POST PARTUM MOTHER'S MILK PRODUCTION AT PMB VERONIKA SINAGA BATAM CITY
Authors: Nurul Fajar Rina  , Indah Mastikana  , Sherly Mutiara
Published: December 2021

Breast care is one of the most important efforts for post partum mothers with the aim of facilitating the production of breast milk.In order to reduce child morbidity and mortality, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2005 recommended that infants be breastfed for at least six months.The success rate of breastfeeding in Indonesia in 2013 was 54.3%,(Kemenkes RI, 2014). The success rate of breastfeeding in the Riau Islands in 2013 was 52.6%,(Kemenkes RI, 2014).Exclusive Breast Milk Coverage in Batam City 47% in 2017. The low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding may be due to the low awareness of the importance of breast care to support the production of breast milk,(Dinas Kesehatan Kota Batam, 2018).The purpose of this study was to explain the relationship between the implementation of breast care and the expenditure of breast milk in post partum mothers.The method used by the author is a descriptive type, in the form of research with a case study method or approach, with visits during the postpartum period to respondents aged 25 years P2A1 at PMB Veronika Sinaga Batam City and carried out 3 times.From the results of the study, it was shown that the breast care provided to the respondents went smoothly and there was an increase in the expenditure of breast milk after breast care was carried out.The conclusion in this study based on the results of the assessment and examination it was found that breast care for postpartum mothers was very influential, respondents were able to carry out breast care independently well, and the authors were able to apply midwifery care through a midwifery management approach and documented by the SOAP method.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF SENNA TORA (L.) ROXB
Authors: Manimaran Subramanian , Venkatachalam Kadirvelmurugan , Krishnan Gandhimaniyan , Govindasamy Ambedkar , Sakthivel Vijayakumar
Published: December 2021

Plants have always been an important source of medicines since ancient times and seventy percent of the worldwide population still relies on one or other forms of traditional plant based medicine. Plant items have been essential for phytomedicines since days of yore. These can be derived from any part of the plants like bark, leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, seeds, etc. The present exploration has been conducted in the leaf of Senna tora performing various phytochemical tests to identify the secondary metabolites present in it such as alkaloids, flavonoids, sugars, glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds, Vitamin C, proteins, amino acids and carbohydrates. The maximum phenolic content was presented in methanol solvents 1.41 ± 0.44 and lowest content was presented in petroleum ether extract 0.17 ± 0.21. Antibacterial activity were estimated and evaluated by using different types of extract against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Bacillus thuriengensis and Staphylococcus. Among these the maximum antibacterial activity (Zone of inhibition 19.0 mm) shown against Klebsiella pneumoniae in the extract of Petroleum ether. The minimum antibacterial activity observed (Zone of inhibition 11.0 mm) against Staphylococcus ceureus in extract of Ethanol extract of Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Keywords: Senna tora (L.), phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity, bacterial strains
Horváth Ciprián: Régészeti tanulmányok a Bodrogköz 10–11. századi településtörténetéhez
Authors: Szigeti Judit
Published: December 2021

Recenzió. Horváth Ciprián: Régészeti tanulmányok a Bodrogköz 10–11. századi településtörténetéhez. A Magyarságkutató Intézet Kiadványai 1. Budapest 2019.
TÜRKİYE’DE KATILIM BANKACILIĞI SEKTÖRÜ BAĞLAMINDA FİNANSAL GELİŞMELER, ENFLASYON VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: EMEK Ömer Fazıl , DÜŞÜNCELİ Faruk
Published: December 2021

Türkiye'de bir nevi niş bir alan olarak görülen katılım bankalarının son yıllarda geleneksel bankacılık ve finans sektörünün içindeki payını artırması ile bu bankacılık faaliyetlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olup olmadığı sorusu anlam kazanmaktadır. Literatürde son yıllarda şekillenmeye başlayan bu soru, yapılan bu çalışmada Türkiye örnekleminde cevap aramaktadır. Aynı zamanda enflasyonun ekonomik büyüme ile olan ilişkisi de literatürün popüler konuları arasındadır. Türkiye'de uzun yıllardır yaşanan yüksek ve kronik enflasyonun ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini yeniden gündeme getirmek literatüre bir kez daha katkı sağlamak açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de katılım bankacılığı bağlamında finansal gelişmelerin ve enflasyonun ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini tespit etmektir. Bunun için 2006 ile 2021 yılları arası çeyreklik verilerden oluşan gayri safi yurt içi hasıla (GSYH), katılım bankaları tarafından özel sektöre kullandırılan toplam krediler ve tüketici fiyat endeski (TÜFE) değişkenleri ele alınmıştır. ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımı ile elde edilen bulgulara göre katılım bankalarının özel sektöre sunmuş olduğu kredilerin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi pozitif, enflasyonun ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi ise negatiftir. Bu bulgular literatüre genel olarak paralellik göstermektedir.
Shopping and Basket Analysis by Using an Improved Apriori Algorithm in WEKA
Authors: Kaka Ali Shahab H. , Aydilek Ibrahim Berkan
Published: December 2021

In the past years, e-commerce and online shopping grew fast. It became more helpful by letting people buy the desired product online. Also, to help their users to find the product of their desire easily and make the process simpler, the online shopping websites use some kinds of an algorithm to provide recommendation systems. Often, these systems use techniques like basket analyzing and association rules which is finding the relation between the products together or between users too, so apriori algorithm is one of the famous ones among the recommendation systems. Although it has some limitations while implementing which makes the algorithm less confident or even useless, Let us assume we have 100K records in the sold item list in a system in which about 10K refers to the customers buying only one or two items in their purchase. Therefore, this ten per cent will not affect finding the relation between the items, at the same time these records will make the system less efficient and take more time to analyze, in this paper, we try to show how we can improve the apriori algorithm efficiency and accuracy by some preprocessing on the dataset before applying apriori algorithm by eliminating the unnecessary records, this process helps to make the algorithm better because of reducing the number of transactions, hence finding strong relationships between items easier for the rest of the records.
In the name of housing
Authors: Padora Sameep
Published: December 2021

Ludwig Hilberseimer in his 1925 book Groszstadtbauten talks about the relation of city form to the form of the smallest single architectural unit; a room within a house. This commentary is further validated by the fact that the residential fabric of any city comprises most that city’s built form, and housing for the common man is a large part of that majority. This essay focuses on history of architecture for the housing of this majority in the city of Mumbai. the tie between Mumbai’s form and its inhabitation. Looking specifically at the architectural form of these projects, they become instructive both through the breadth of their variations, as well as the depth of their spatial and formal engagements. Building on the history of housing in Mumbai since the early-nineteenth century the essay presents the types of housing that the ordinary man inhabited and their immediate spatial ecologies that facilitated a specific manner of compressed living. These types are commentaries on technology, lifestyle, and culture all situated within the particularities of their respective time. These armatures however unique, still seem to gravitate around certain emergent commonalities which could provide a armature for the design of collective housing models in the future.
Impact of women’s share of income on household expenditure in southeast Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Opata Patience , Ezeibe Adaku ,   Center for Entrepreneurship and Development Research, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Ume Chikwuma ,   Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Published: December 2021

The main focus of this paper was to: (i) determine the impact of women’s share of household income on the pattern of expenditure on various categories of basic goods in southeast Nigeria; (ii) explain the pattern of household expenditure using the bargaining model of household behaviour; and (iii) extrapolate the results to the policy implications of gender-specific control of household incomes. We used cross-sectional household data elicited from a sample of 400 households constituting 2 520 members collected from November 2016 to March 2017 and disaggregated by gender. We found that increasing women’s share of incomes raises the budget share for food, children’s clothes, children’s school fees, fuel for household services and other expenditure, although not significantly with the budget shares for alcohol and meals out of the home. Our results suggest that any strategy by policymakers in southeast Nigeria to improve any of the expenditure items should target the empowerment of the gender that will more likely spend their money on the items concerned.
Nutritional implications of dietary patterns in Mali
Authors:   Justin S Morrill Hall of Agriculture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, M, Smale Melinda , Theriault Veronique ,   Justin S Morrill Hall of Agriculture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, M, Vroegindewey Ryan ,   Department of Community Sustainability, Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
Published: December 2021

Mali’s population is experiencing lifestyle and dietary changes that are driven in part by urbanisation and income growth. Utilising two large-scale datasets, we bring new empirical evidence regarding whether Malians are shifting toward highly processed foods, meals purchased away from home, and sugary foods. We find that on-farm production represents only 25% of the food consumed by rural households during the hungry season, and 36% after harvest. Processed food shares are greater in urban (60%) than in rural areas (48%), and considerably higher overall than those reported for Eastern and Southern Africa, but with a lower portion of highly processed foods and negligible shares of meals consumed outside the home. Average household dietary diversity scores are higher in urban than in rural areas. Women’s and household diet diversity varies by season in both locations. About half of farm women interviewed did not meet minimum adequate dietary diversity during the lean season.
Impact of Nile perch (Lates niloticus) overfishing on fishers’ income: Evidence from Lake Victoria, Tanzania
Authors:   Discipline of Agricultural Economics, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences (SAEES), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, South Africa, Mkuna Eliaza , Baiyegunhi Lloyd ,   Discipline of Agricultural Economics, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences (SAEES), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, South Africa.
Published: December 2021

Despite the crucial role played by Nile perch in the income of fishers around Lake Victoria, Tanzania, fishing pressure has increased in recent years and has led to overfishing and, consequently, a risk to the lake’s future sustainability and the fishers’ livelihoods. This study used data collected in 2018 from 268 randomly selected sample fishers at 10 landing sites across Lake Victoria. In conjunction with the endogenous switching regression model, the potential impact of Nile perch overfishing on the fishers’ income per fishing trip in Lake Victoria was evaluated. The results show that there is a significant difference in the socio-economic, institutional and fishing effort characteristics of Nile perch fishers who overfish and those who do not. In particular, Nile perch fishers who overfish earn significantly higher incomes per fishing trip than fishers who do not overfish. The study recommends the need for policy makers to develop policies that acknowledge the dynamics of socio-economic, institutional and fishing effort factors. In addition, more flexible fish quota restrictions and consistent fishing patrols need to be enforced to ensure compliance with fishery regulations. These measures should promote a balance between the sustainability of fishery resources and an improved income for Nile perch fishers in Lake Victoria.
Complement or substitute: Private investment, public expenditure and agricultural productivity in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria, Ifeakachukwu Nwosa Philip
Published: December 2021

This study examines the complementarity and substitutability effect of private investment and public expenditure on agricultural productivity in Nigeria for the period 1978 to 2018. The study employs the vector error correction modelling (VECM) technique, and the estimate shows that government expenditure on the agricultural sector had the most significant effect on agricultural productivity, followed by commercial bank credit for the agricultural sector. Also, the study found that public expenditure (proxied by government expenditure on the agricultural sector) and private investment (proxied by commercial bank credit for the agricultural sector) are complementary investments in promoting agricultural productivity, while public expenditure on the agricultural sector and foreign direct investment are substitute investments. The study recommends that budgetary allocation to the agricultural sector should be increased, and that commercial banks should be strengthened through the monetary authority by advancing more loans to agricultural businessmen and businesswomen at a reduced lending rate
Is change worth it? The effects of adopting modern agricultural inputs on household welfare in Rwanda
Authors:   Department of Economics, University of Rwanda, Kigali., Nsabimana Aimable
Published: December 2021

This study investigates the driving factors that influence farmers’ decisions to adopt modern agricultural inputs (MAI) and how this affects farm household welfare in rural Rwanda. To account for heterogeneity in the MAI adoption decision and unobservable farm and household attributes, we estimate an endogenous switching regression (ESR) model. The findings reveal that size of land endowment, access to farm credit and awareness of farm advisory services are the main driving forces behind MAI adoption. The analysis further shows that MAI adoption increases household farm income, farm yield and equivalised consumption per capita. This implies that adopting MAI is the most consistent and potentially best pathway to reduce poverty among rural farmers. The study hence suggests that policymakers should align the effective dissemination of MAI information and farm advisory services, strengthen farm credit systems and improve market access – most crucially at affordable prices – among small-farmers throughout Rwanda.
Introduzione di un obbligo vaccinale contro il Covid-19: profili di criticità
Authors: Maniaci Arturo
Published: December 2021

SOMMARIO: 1. L’epidemia nel Codice civile italiano - 2. “Una brutta notizia, avvolta in una proteina” - 3. Le misure di contenimento dell’epidemia da Covid-19 adottate e l’esordio di vaccini anti-Covid-19 - 4. La vaccinazione obbligatoria: precedenti storici italiani - 5. La vaccinazione obbligatoria contro il Covid-19, oggi: una mappa mondiale - 6. La vaccinazione contro il Covid-19 in Italia: obbligo, diritto od onere? 7. Il problema della compatibilità dell’obbligo vaccinale con il quadro normativo costituzionale ed europeo - 8. Conclusioni.

The introduction of a compulsory vaccination in Italy: critical profiles

ABSTRACT: The multiple Covid-19 vaccines developed until now are typically thought of as the only means to meet the challenges posed by the current pandemic. The Italian legal system offers a composite framework for the regulation of vaccinations against Covid-19 and more precisely provides for the burden of vaccination for many categories of people (including healthcare workers). The purpose of this paper is to verify the legitimacy of a compulsory vaccination in the light of Italian and European sources of law. In this perspective, the Author argues that a compulsory vaccination against Covid-19 could be considered not consistent with both the Italian Constitution and the European legislation. Furthermore, the Author focuses on the phenomenon of vaccine esitancy, questioning whether a policy of mandatory vaccination is the proper tool for supporting the effective implementation of vaccination strategies.
Onomástica griega, fraseología, lengua poética indoeuropea: para una reelaboración de Fr. Bechtel, Die historischen Personennamen des Griechischen
Authors: García Ramón José Luis
Published: December 2021

The present paper relies on the materials from the files for a reelaboration of Friedrich Bechtel’s epoch-making Die historischen Personennamen des Griechischen(1917: HPNG), that, having basically the same structure as HPNG, will integrate the names of the 1st millenium, which were still not known at its time, and those attested in Linear B, as well as the phraseological collocations, poetic or prosaistic, underlying them, which were taken into account only sporadically in HPNG, and, if possible, their parallels and eventual IE background. The names discussed are classified into three groups: those attested only in 1st millennium Greek, those attested also in Mycenaean, and those attested exclusively in Mycenaean. Special attention is dedicated to four names which reflect inherited lexicon and Indo-European poetic phraseology, namely Ἁρμόδικoς (and Ἁρμoδίκᾱ), Βοᾱ́θοος, Εὐρυφάων (and Εὐρύφαντος), and Φέριστος, Φέρτατος.
Implementasi Program Corporate Social Responsibility Dalam Meningkatkan Citra PT. Khotai Makmur Insan Abadi Tenggarong Seberang
Authors: Evarista Yunita
Published: December 2021

This research aims (i) to find the implementation and form of CSR program which is conducted by PT. Khotai Makmur Insan Abadi and  (ii) to find the impact of implementation CSR towards the image of PT Khotai Makmur Insan Abadi (PT KMIA).This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The determination of this research uses purposive sampling technique. The data collection uses observation, interview, and documentation. The data analysis of this research is using Miles & Huberman’s analysis method. The result of this research shows that CSR PT KMIA indicated by 8 programs Development & Society Empowerment. CSR implementation conducted effectively appropriate with purpose and significance of the CSR program. It is supported by the result of research measured using key performance indicator used by the researcher. Program implementation CSR PT KMIA certainly can creates  the view of society. For the conclusion, implementation CSR PT KMIA has been done optimally, that is to creates a good relation with the society. The suggestion for PT KMIA are to increase their focus on CSR program environmental sector and UKM, in other hand PT KMIA needs to apply financial transparency, and to defend the image of PT KMIA.
ANALISIS PENGEMBANGAN DESTINASI WISATA RELIGI PADA ISLAMIC CENTER KALIMANTAN TIMUR DI KOTA SAMARINDA
Authors: Kasih Wahyutika Chandra
Published: December 2021

The result of this research, tourism object manager has not yet fully planned development in the field of tourism. Attraction, amenities and accesibility development efforts ned to be made because religios destination of Islamic Center East Kalimantan has a great potential. SO Strategy can be utilized by tourism object manager is 1) manage and optimize the potential of tourist attraction, 2) improve the performance of tourism managers 3) organizing event or tourism routine activities. Supporting factors for developmnet isthe role of goverment, it has a easy coordination between parties, and already have good facilities and infrastructure. Inhibiting factor for development is lack of goverment funding and less solid human resources.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA SEBAGAI MODEL PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA BUDAYA PAMPANG SAMARINDA UTARA
Authors: Djubaedah Siti Nur
Published: December 2021

The background of this research is the existence of a strategy to develop a tourist village in Samarinda's Pampang Cultural Village which will have a good impact on the economy of Samarinda's Pampang Cultural Village community. The Pampang Cultural Village in Samarinda has been developed by the government and the local community as a tourist destination, so it is necessary to know the strategy of developing a tourism village in Samarinda's Pampang Cultural Village so that the human resources we have must be utilized properly and increase tourist arrivals. Grand Theory in this research is the principles of managing the development of tourism villages by Gumelar (2010), among others, utilizing the facilities and infrastructure of the local community, benefiting the local community, involving the local community, and implementing the development of rural tourism products. Data analysis techniques used are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that with the development of a tourism village development strategy in Samarinda's Pampang Cultural Village to further develop through the human resources that we have and can be managed properly, as well as providing an economic impact on the community of Pampang Cultural Village such as changes in the economic activities of its people who get additional income in activities tourism. From the results of the study it is suggested to the government in the development of tourism the government should build tourism education, and improve facilities and infrastructure as well as recreational facilities even better in the cultural objects of the Pampang Cultural Village in Samarinda.
PENGARUH CITRA MEREK DAN ATRIBUT PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK HANDPHONE VIVO SMARTPHONE PADA PT SALIM SURYA PHONE DI SAMARINDA
Authors: Setiawan Rijal
Published: December 2021

The background of this research is the sales of Vivo Smartphone that is not stable at PT Salim Surya Phone Samarinda. The sales decline was caused by the brand image and attribute products. There are some purposes of this study are to know and analyse the variable influences of brand image and attribute products to the purchasing decision of Vivo Smartphone at PT Salim Surya Phone  Samarinda. And to know which variables have the dominant influences on the purchasing decision of these products. The research method that the researcher used is a quantitative research method. The sample of this study was 100 respondents with amount population. The technique that used is Incidental sampling Technique. The data collection technique is study of literature and field research that is questionnaire, observation, and interview. While the data analysis technique used multiple linear analysis. The conclusion of this study are the variable of brand image (X1) and attribute products (X2) simultaneously and partial significant effects on purchasing decision (X2) is to have a dominant influence on products purchasing decision of Vivo Smartphone at PT Salim Surya Phone Samarinda.
First record of Lindernia dubia (Linderniaceae) from Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Raghvendra
Published: December 2021

In this communication Lindernia dubia has been reported as new to the flora of Uttar Pradesh.
Genus Pyrus: A new record from the family Rosaceae for Odisha
Authors: Das Prabhat , Kalidass Chinnamadasamy
Published: December 2021

The genus Pyrus L. is reported as an addition to the non-indigenous flora of Odisha. The description, nomenclature, phenology and other relevant details are provided for easy identification and better understanding of the taxa.
In vitro and in vivo parameters for identification of landrace pigs with low reproductive performance
Authors:   Instituto Federal Catarinense, Málaga Fábio da Costa , Siqueira Helloa Alaide ,   Instituto Federal Catarinense, Rauber Lucio Pereira ,   Instituto Federal Catarinense, Marques Mariana Groke ,   Instituto Federal Catarinense, Peripolli Vanessa ,   Instituto Federal Catarinense, Schwegler Elizabeth ,   Instituto Federal Catarinense, Oliveira Júnior Juahil Martins de ,   Instituto Federal Catarinense, Moreira Fabiana ,   Instituto Federal Catarinense, Lopes Marcos Soares ,   Topigs Norsvin®, Bianchi Ivan ,   Instituto Federal Catarinense
Published: December 2021

In pig farming, measurements of production parameters play a fundamental role in the success of the activity. Minimal differences in fertility between breeders can lead to less reproductive efficiency and, less productivity. However, assessing the fertility of each male and the early identification of subfertile males is a difficult task to be performed. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of in vitro and in vivo parameters in the identification of subfertile males of the Landrace breed, aiming to collaborate with genetic improvement programs, routine optimization in the Genetic Diffusion Units (GDUs) and the results of performance. In experiment 1, an approach to identify males with subfertility was evaluated based on retrospective data. For this, the results (averages of birth rates, number of total births and average percentages of female and male piglets per litter) were evaluated for a total of 996 matings and 847 parturitions. The inseminations came from ejaculates of 32 males, who had at least 19 females inseminated with homospermic doses in the concentration of 2.5 x 109 total sperm from the same male. As for the birth rate (BR), an average of 85.47% ± 6.05 was observed with a group of median males, seven males that stood out and one individual (M32) with a performance of 58.06% ± 9.0. For the total number of piglets born (PB) the average was 13.41 ± 0.56, with three males with better performance and one (M32) with very poor performance (8.62 ± 0.59). In experiment 2, it was verified whether evaluations of inseminating doses (ID) of semen in vitro (motility and sperm morphology) after 96 hours of storage had correlations with fertility in vivo, which can be used to identify subfertile males. The evaluations were performed on 30 ejaculates regarding the means of BR and PB, considering only those who had at least 7 females inseminated. There were no correlations between the motility assessments and semen morphological changes and the reproductive parameters evaluated. The results obtained in vivo, referring to BR and PB, demonstrated that it was possible to identify differences between males, the individual (M32) had the worst results for the percentages of BR and PB. It is concluded that there are males of high and low fertility and that only the in vitro analyzes carried out in this study are not enough to categorize them, however, the evaluation of retrospective data was efficient for this purpose.
Evaluation of fecal smear methods for research on Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in the feces of dairy calves
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Candeias Ana Paula Molinari , Huff Gabrieli Maria ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rosado Adriana Fiorini ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Beninca André Luis Vriesman ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Souza Laura Zanella ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Osaki Silvia Cristina ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Fernandes Nelson Luis Mello ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study is to compare the direct fecal smear (DFS) and centrifugal sedimentation (CS) methods in the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in fecal samples of dairy calves. One hundred and fourteen fecal samples were collected from calves aged up to six months from 10 dairy farms located in Palotina and Francisco Alves, Paraná, Brazil. The microscopic analysis revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in 51.75% (59/114) of the samples in both methods. In CS, 48.25% (55/114) of the samples were positive, while in DFS slides, only 6.14% (7/114) were positive. Only 4 samples were positive exclusively in DFS. To ensure that there were no false-negative results in the microscopic analysis, the 55 samples that were negative in both DFS and CS were selected for molecular analysis using the nested PCR (nPCR). Of these 55 samples, 24% (13/55) were positive and forwarded for sequencing part of the genome, which made it possible to identify C. parvum, C. bovis and C. ryanae. Besides the characterization of the Cryptosporidium species, it was possible to identify bacteria of the genus Acinetobacter interfering directly in the analyzed samples. The microscopic analysis also revealed higher sensitivity when CS was used to make the fecal smears. However, some samples that were negative in this technique had positive PCR results. Thus, molecular analysis is indicated to confirm cases of Cryptosporidium spp. Further studies are necessary to prove the specificities of the used primers since the results obtained in nPCR were positive for the protozoan but, when genetic sequencing was performed, Acinetobacter spp. was identified.
Selenium supplementation levels and sources in postlarvae Nile tilapia diet
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Goiás, Batista João Marcos Monteiro , Pascoal Leonardo Augusto Fonseca ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Silva José Humberto Vilar da ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Gomes Veruska Dilyanne Silva ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Amâncio Alda Lúcia de Lima ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Guerra Ricardo Romão ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Almeida Jorge Luiz Santos de ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Araújo Chimenes Darlan Leal de ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Almeida Jonathan Mádson dos Santos ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Santos Jairo Janailton Alves dos ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba
Published: December 2021

Fish larviculture exert great influence in the subsequent phases, in which nutrition is a basic prerequisite for success. Therefore, when it is in an intensified production system, it promotes the limitation of some minerals, making it necessary to supplement selenium in diets for post-larvae. The objective of this study was to evaluate selenium levels and sources in post-larvae Nile tilapia diets on muscle performance and histology. A total of 1,260 post-larvae with an initial average weight of 0.010 g were used, distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme with four supplementation levels (0.6; 0.9; 1.2 and 1.5 mg of Se/Kg) and two sources (sodium selenite and selenium yeast), plus the negative control, with 35 post-larvae Nile tilapia used per experimental unit. The physical-chemical parameters of water quality were within those recommended for tilapia cultivation. Feed consumption (p < 0.05) and hepatosomatic index (p < 0.05) were affected by the source used. Effects of supplemented selenium levels and sources were not observed for the other performance variables. Higher values for final height, final width, specific development rate and protein efficiency rate were found (p < 0.05) when comparing the control diet with diets containing the sodium selenite source. No effects on muscle fiber morphometry were observed (p > 0.05) in the studied variables. It is concluded that 0.6 mg of selenium in the diet, regardless of the source used, met the mineral requirement for post-larvae Nile tilapia.