bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vasomotor action of androgens in the mesenteric artery of hypertensive rats. Role of perivascular innervation
Authors: Isidoro-García Lucía , Villalpando Diva M. , Ferrer Mercedes
Published: February 2021

Androgens may exert cardiovascular protective actions by regulating the release and function of different vascular factors. In addition, testosterone (TES) and its 5-reduced metabolites, 5α- and 5β-dihydrotestosterone (5α- and 5β-DHT) induce vasorelaxant and hypotensive effects. Furthermore, hypertension has been reported to alter the release and function of the neurotransmitters nitric oxide (NO), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and noradrenaline (NA). Since the mesenteric arteries possess a dense perivascular innervation and significantly regulate total peripheral vascular resistance, the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of TES, 5α- and 5β-DHT on the neurogenic release and vasomotor function of NO, CGRP and NA. For this purpose, the superior mesenteric artery from male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats was used to analyze: (i) the effect of androgens (10 nM, incubated for 30 min) on the neurogenic release of NO, CGRP and NA and (ii) the vasoconstrictor-response to NA and the vasodilator responses to the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and exogenous CGRP. The results showed that TES, 5α- or 5β-DHT did not modify the release of NO, CGRP or NA induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the arteries of SHR; however, in the arteries of WKY rats androgens only caused an increase in EFS-induced NO release. Moreover, TES, and especially 5β-DHT, increased the vasodilator response induced by SNP and CGRP in the arteries of SHR. These findings could be contributing to the hypotensive/antihypertensive efficacy of 5β-DHT previously described in conscious SHR and WKY rats, pointing to 5β- DHT as a potential drug for the treatment of hypertension.
A cohort analysis of survival and outcomes in severely anaemic children with moderate to severe acute malnutrition in Malawi
Authors: Nkosi-Gondwe Thandile , Calis Job , Boele van Hensbroek Michael , Bates Imelda , Blomberg Björn , Phiri Kamija S.
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Moderate to severe acute malnutrition (SAM/MAM) and severe anaemia are important and associated co-morbidities in children aged less than five years. Independently, these two morbidities are responsible for high risk of in-hospital and post-discharge deaths and hospital readmissions. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the risk of death among severely anaemic children with moderate to severe acute malnutrition compared to children with severe anaemia alone.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of data collected from a large prospective study that was investigating severe anaemia in children aged less than 5 years old. The study was conducted at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre and Chikhwawa district hospital in southern Malawi. Children aged less than five years old; with severe anaemia were screened and enrolled. Each child was followed up for eighteen months at one, three, six, twelve and eighteen months after enrolment. Data were analysed using STATA 15.

Results

Between July 2002 and July 2004, 382 severely anaemic children were enrolled in the main study. A total of 52 children were excluded due to missing anthropometric data. Out of the 330 included, 53 children were moderately to severely malnourished and 277 were not. At the end of the 18-month follow period, 28.3% of children with MAM/SAM died compared to 13% of children without MAM/SAM (RR 2.1, CI 0.9–4.2, p = 0.03). Similarly, children with moderate to severe malnutrition reported a significantly higher number of malaria infection cases (33.9%) compared to children with severe anaemia alone (27.9%, p = 0.02). However, the number of hospitalizations and recurrence of severe anaemia was similar and not statistically significant between the two groups (RR 0.8 (0.4–1.4), p = 0.6 and RR 1.1 (0.3–2.8), p = 0.8).

Conclusion

Among children with severe anaemia, those who also had moderate to severe malnutrition had a twofold higher risk of dying compared to those who did not. It is therefore crucial to investigate acute malnutrition among severely anaemic children, as this might be treatable factor associated with high mortality.
Sex-related differences in the effects of nutritional status and body composition on functional disability in the elderly
Authors: Sawada Mika , Kubota Naoto , Sekine Rie , Yakabe Mitsutaka , Kojima Taro , Umeda-Kameyama Yumi , Usami Satoshi , Akishita Masahiro , Ogawa Sumito
Published: February 2021

Background

The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of changes of nutritional status and body composition on the results of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in inpatients of a geriatric ward. Sex differences in these relationships were also investigated.

Methods

A total of 212 elderly patients (>65 years old) admitted to the geriatric ward at the University of Tokyo hospital between 2012 and 2019 were enrolled in this study. CGA (ADL, IADL, MMSE, GDS, Vitality Index) was performed, along with assessment of body compositions (appendicular muscle mass, abdominal muscle mass, body fat mass) and blood malnutrition biomarkers (serum albumin, pre-albumin, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, zinc, hemoglobin concentrations).

Results

Multiple linear regression analysis showed that upper, lower limbs and abdominal muscle masses were significantly associated with the score on ADL in men. On the other hand, abdominal muscle mass was negatively associated with the scores on GDS. Body fat mass was also negatively associated with the score on IADL. In contrast, in women, multiple linear regression analysis failed to show any significant associations between body composition parameters and scores on any domains of CGA. Unlike in men, however, blood malnutrition biomarkers were significantly associated with ADL, IADL, MMSE, and Vitality Index in women.

Conclusions

Our study findings revealed that the association of the nutritional status and body composition with the functional status in the elderly differs by sex. These results suggest that intensification of exercise in men and improvement of the nutritional status in women are particularly useful to maintain the functional status.
Addressless: A new internet server model to prevent network scanning
Authors: Hao Shanshan , Liu Renjie , Weng Zhe , Chang Deliang , Bao Congxiao , Li Xing
Published: February 2021

Eliminating unnecessary exposure is a principle of server security. The huge IPv6 address space enhances security by making scanning infeasible, however, with recent advances of IPv6 scanning technologies, network scanning is again threatening server security. In this paper, we propose a new model named addressless server, which separates the server into an entrance module and a main service module, and assigns an IPv6 prefix instead of an IPv6 address to the main service module. The entrance module generates a legitimate IPv6 address under this prefix by encrypting the client address, so that the client can access the main server on a destination address that is different in each connection. In this way, the model provides isolation to the main server, prevents network scanning, and minimizes exposure. Moreover it provides a novel framework that supports flexible load balancing, high-availability, and other desirable features. The model is simple and does not require any modification to the client or the network. We implement a prototype and experiments show that our model can prevent the main server from being scanned at a slight performance cost.
Ethics of emerging infectious disease outbreak responses: Using Ebola virus disease as a case study of limited resource allocation
Authors: Nichol Ariadne A. , Antierens Annick
Published: February 2021

Emerging infectious diseases such as Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), Nipah Virus Encephalitis and Lassa fever pose significant epidemic threats. Responses to emerging infectious disease outbreaks frequently occur in resource-constrained regions and under high pressure to quickly contain the outbreak prior to potential spread. As seen in the 2020 EVD outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the current COVID-19 pandemic, there is a continued need to evaluate and address the ethical challenges that arise in the high stakes environment of an emerging infectious disease outbreak response. The research presented here provides analysis of the ethical challenges with regard to allocation of limited resources, particularly experimental therapeutics, using the 2013–2016 EVD outbreak in West Africa as a case study. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior healthcare personnel (n = 16) from international humanitarian aid organizations intimately engaged in the 2013–2016 EVD outbreak response in West Africa. Interviews were recorded in private setting, transcribed, and iteratively coded using grounded theory methodology. A majority of respondents indicated a clear propensity to adopt an ethical framework of guiding principles for international responses to emerging infectious disease outbreaks. Respondents agreed that prioritization of frontline workers’ access to experimental therapeutics was warranted based on a principle of reciprocity. There was widespread acceptance of adaptive trial designs and greater trial transparency in providing access to experimental therapeutics. Many respondents also emphasized the importance of community engagement in limited resource allocation scheme design and culturally appropriate informed consent procedures. The study results inform a potential ethical framework of guiding principles based on the interview participants’ insights to be adopted by international response organizations and their healthcare workers in the face of allocating limited resources such as experimental therapeutics in future emerging infectious disease outbreaks to ease the moral burden of individual healthcare providers.
Early differences in dynamic uptake of 68Ga-PSMA-11 in primary prostate cancer: A test-retest study
Authors: olde Heuvel J. , de Wit-van der Veen B. J. , Sinaasappel M. , Slump C. H. , Stokkel M. P. M.
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Dynamic PET/CT allows visualization of pharmacokinetics over the time, in contrast to static whole body PET/CT. The objective of this study was to assess 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake in pathological lesions and benign tissue, within 30 minutes after injection in primary prostate cancer (PCa) patients in test-retest setting.

Materials and methods

Five patients, with biopsy proven PCa, were scanned dynamically in list mode for 30 minutes on a digital PET/CT-scanner directly after an intravenous bolus injection of 100 MBq 68Ga-PSMA-11. Approximately 45 minutes after injection a static whole body scan was acquired, followed by a one bed position scan of the pelvic region. The scans were repeated approximately four weeks later, without any intervention in between. Semi-quantitative assessment was performed using regions-of-interest in the prostate tumor, bladder, gluteal muscle and iliac artery. Time-activity curves were extracted from the counts in these regions and the intra-patient variability between both scans was assessed.

Results

The uptake of the iliac artery and gluteal muscle reached a plateau after 5 and 3 minutes, respectively. The population fell apart in two groups with respect to tumor uptake: in some patients the tumor uptake reached a plateau after 5 minutes, whereas in other patients the uptake kept increasing, which correlated with larger tumor volumes on PET/CT scan. Median intra-patient variation between both scans was 12.2% for artery, 9.7% for tumor, 32.7% for the bladder and 14.1% for the gluteal muscle.

Conclusion

Dynamic 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scans, with a time interval of four weeks, are reproducible with a 10% variation in uptake in the primary prostate tumor. An uptake plateau was reached for the iliac artery and gluteal muscle within 5 minutes post-injection. A larger tumor volume seems to be related to continued tumor uptake. This information might be relevant for both response monitoring and PSMA-based radionuclide therapies.
Longitudinal telomere length and body composition in healthy term-born infants during the first two years of life
Authors: de Fluiter Kirsten S. , Codd Veryan , Denniff Matthew , Kerkhof Gerthe F. , van Beijsterveldt Inge A. L. P. , Breij Laura M. , Samani Nilesh J. , Abrahamse-Berkeveld Marieke , Hokken-Koelega Anita C. S.
Published: February 2021

Objective

Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is one of the markers of biological aging as shortening occurs over time. Shorter LTL has been associated with adiposity and a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. The objective was to assess LTL and LTL shortening during the first 2 years of life in healthy, term-born infants and to associate LTL shortening with potential stressors and body composition.

Study design

In 145 healthy, term-born infants (85 boys), we measured LTL in blood, expressed as telomere to single-gene copy ratio (T/S ratio), at 3 months and 2 years by quantitative PCR technique. Fat mass (FM) was assessed longitudinally by PEAPOD, DXA, and abdominal FM by ultrasound.

Results

LTL decreased by 8.5% from 3 months to 2 years (T/S ratio 4.10 vs 3.75, p<0.001). LTL shortening from 3 months to 2 years associated with FM%(R = 0.254), FM index(R = 0.243) and visceral FM(R = 0.287) at 2 years. LTL shortening tended to associate with gain in FM% from 3 to 6 months (R = 0.155, p = 0.11), in the critical window for adiposity programming. There was a trend to a shorter LTL in boys at 2 years(p = 0.056). LTL shortening from 3 months to 2 years was not different between sexes.

Conclusion

We present longitudinal LTL values and show that LTL shortens considerably (8.5%) during the first 2 years of life. LTL shortening during first 2 years of life was associated with FM%, FMI and visceral FM at age 2 years, suggesting that adverse adiposity programming in early life could contribute to more LTL shortening.
Health-related quality of life of middle-aged and elderly people with hypertension: A cross-sectional survey from a rural area in China
Authors: Chen Qi , Ran Li , Li Mengying , Tan Xiaodong
Published: February 2021

Objective

To evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of middle-aged and elderly people with hypertension in Enshi, China, and to explore the important correlates defining HRQoL.

Methods

From April through July 2018, a self-monitoring intervention program for hypertension control was implemented in a remote area of central China. Participants completed a cross-sectional survey which included demographic characteristics, the Health-related Quality of Life Survey, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Survey. Univariate analysis was performed by analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of HRQoL in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients. In the multivariate analysis, the variables with P≤0.05 in the single factor analysis were combined with the professional significance to establish a multiple linear regression model.

Results

Information from 500 participants was available for analysis. Among them, the scores of PCS and MCS was 31.66 ± 9.50 and 41.38 ± 10.69, respectively. Multivariable regression analyses showed that higher education and sleep quality, and moderate physical activity (30 minutes for at least five days a week) had a positive influence on PCS scores. Higher monthly family income (3,000–5,000 ¥) and sleep quality, regular tea-drinking, having 30 minutes of moderate physical activity at least five days a week were positively associated with MCS scores.

Conclusion

The overall HRQoL for rural middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients in Xuan’en county of Hubei province was poor. Effective relevant measures for the above factors were urgently needed to improve the quality of life for the elderly in rural areas. Awareness of these relevant factors could help health care professionals provide better supportive care.
The impact of different Zinc (Zn) levels on growth and nutrient uptake of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) grown under salinity stress
Authors: Tolay Inci
Published: February 2021

Salinity is among the most important abiotic stresses, which negatively affect growth, nutrient uptake and yield of crop plants. Application of different micronutrients, particularly zinc (Zn) have the potential to ameliorate the negative impacts of salinity stress. However, the role of Zn in improving salinity tolerance of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is poorly understood. This study evaluated the impact of different Zn levels (0, 5 and 10 mg kg-1) on growth and nutrient acquisition traits of basil under different salinity levels (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% NaCl). Data relating to biomass production, chlorophyll index, sodium (Na), potassium (K) uptake, K/Na ratio, Zn, copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) uptake were recorded. Increasing salinity level reduced biomass production, chlorophyll index and nutrient uptake traits (except for Na and Fe accumulation) of basil. Zinc application (10 mg kg-1) improved biomass production, chlorophyll index and nutrient acquisition traits under normal as well as saline conditions. The reduction in chlorophyll index and biomass production was higher under 0 and 5 mg kg-1 than 10 mg kg-1 Zn application. The K concentration decreased under increasing salinity; however, Zn application improved K uptake under normal as well as saline conditions. Different growth and nutrient acquisition traits had negative correlations with Na accumulation; however, no positive correlation was recorded among growth and nutrient uptake traits. The results revealed that Zn application could improve the salinity tolerance of basil. However, actual biochemical and genetic mechanisms involved in Zn-induced salinity tolerance warrant further investigation.
Capsule carbohydrate structure determines virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Talyansky Yuli , Nielsen Travis B. , Yan Jun , Carlino-Macdonald Ulrike , Di Venanzio Gisela , Chakravorty Somnath , Ulhaq Amber , Feldman Mario F. , Russo Thomas A. , Vinogradov Evgeny , Luna Brian , Wright Meredith S. , Adams Mark D. , Spellberg Brad
Published: February 2021

Acinetobacter baumanniiis a highly antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogen for which novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Unfortunately, the drivers of virulence inA.baumanniiremain uncertain. By comparing genomes among a panel ofA.baumanniistrains we identified a specific gene variation in the capsule locus that correlated with altered virulence. While less virulent strains possessed the intact genegtr6, a hypervirulent clinical isolate contained a spontaneous transposon insertion in the same gene, resulting in the loss of a branchpoint in capsular carbohydrate structure. By constructing isogenicgtr6mutants, we confirmed thatgtr6-disrupted strains were protected from phagocytosisin vitroand displayed higher bacterial burden and lethalityin vivo.Gtr6+ strains were phagocytized more readily and caused lower bacterial burden and no clinical illnessin vivo. We found that the CR3 receptor mediated phagocytosis ofgtr6+, but notgtr6-, strains in a complement-dependent manner. Furthermore, hypovirulentgtr6+strains demonstrated increased virulencein vivowhen CR3 function was abrogated. In summary, loss-of-function in a single capsule assembly gene dramatically altered virulence by inhibiting complement deposition and recognition by phagocytes across multipleA.baumanniistrains. Thus, capsular structure can determine virulence amongA.baumanniistrains by altering bacterial interactions with host complement-mediated opsonophagocytosis.
An ‘armour’ against anguish: Costume design considerations around protecting actors in emotionally distressing roles
Authors: Brayshaw Emily
Published: February 2021

Actors and singers frequently portray characters who experience distressing events, yet this may cause anguish for the performers themselves and require them to perform personal emotional management to cope with their own feelings during a production. This case study discusses and documents my costume design ethos and processes for the Sydney 2018 production of Clare Barron’s play, You Got Older (2015), which required the two lead actors to play characters who were experiencing profound fear, grief and loss. The design approach drew on Monks’s work on the relationship that actors have with their costumes and d’Anjou’s interpretation of Sartrean ethics within the context of a design practice. Once I had determined that the nature of my role as designer for this production would be to offer the actors emotional support through costume, I applied Woodward’s notion of comfort in everyday dress to the context of performance costume to ascertain how costume might contain a talisman and/or function as a form of psychological, ‘soft armour’ within the context of the play. Finally, this report uses Tonkinwise’s writing on ethical design alongside a semi-structured interview with the lead actor in You Got Older, Harriet Gordon-Anderson, to examine the forms that such protections took within my designs for the play and offers methodological considerations regarding designing costumes to protect and comfort performers playing emotionally distressing roles, should the actors require it.
A Estratégia pós-verdade
Authors: Andriolo Eric Veiga
Published: February 2021

Investiga-se a “pós-verdade” como ação política de comunicação. Através de desenvolvimento teórico e com auxílio de bibliografia especializada, busca-se evidenciar que o raciocínio crítico com as fontes de informação por parte do público alvo pode ser manipulado para reforçar preconceitos. Isso se relaciona com as características da modernidade, em termos de Giddens. Tal manipulação mira a confiança nas autoridades de informação critérios de legitimação: dos testemunhos, no caso do jornalismo; do conhecimento, no caso da ciência. Tal estratégia apresenta paralelos com a visão pós-estruturalista da política, caracterizada pelo questionamento das instituições que impõem critérios de discursos aceitáveis. Por isso escapa à deliberação argumentativa, prescindindo de veracidade e exatidão em seus enunciados.
Estratégias de Comunicação Política em Moçambique
Authors: Tsandzana Dércio
Published: February 2021

Com o advento do surgimento das redes sociais da Internet, a comunicação política tornou-se um dos temas de pesquisas de maior interesse. A primeira eleição de Barack Obama (2008) e o uso das redes sociais foi um dos primeiros marcos desse processo, seguindo hoje vários outros exemplos em que políticos apostam cada vez mais nas redes sociais como ferramentas de comunicação. Procurando analisar como é que os políticos moçambicanos usam as redes sociais na sua comunicação com os cidadãos, o presente artigo destaca que no princípio as redes sociais da Internet foram vistas como maléficas e perturbadoras para a sociedade, mas nos últimos cinco anos (2014-2019) as mesmas são usadas, não só para transmitir discursos políticos, mas igualmente para se posicionar perante a publicação e partilha de notícias falsas. O artigo resulta de uma pesquisa em curso para o doutoramento, tendo tido o seu início em 2018 através da realização de uma etnografia virtual durante as eleições municipais em Moçambique, bem como a recolha de elementos de análise por intermédio de páginas da Internet com maior enfoque para o Facebook.
Novos diálogos para atuação profissional
Authors: Gomes da Silva Cecília Seabra
Published: February 2021

O artigo parte da hipótese de que o ambiente econômico, social e político no Brasil contribui para colocar em xeque a independência dos jornalistas. Propõe uma abordagem focalizada nas relações neoliberais do trabalho, relacionadas aos conceitos de objetividade e de independência, e na responsabilidade individual na produção e disseminação de informações considerando os impactos da tecnologia na reconfiguração da prática jornalística. A discussão é uma reflexão aberta sobre as lacunas nas bases deontológicas para o exercício profissional, considerando as imperfeições da sociedade e, portanto, do próprio jornalismo — novos diálogos para atuação e formação profissional, num convite ao pensar conjunto entre academia, mercado e profissionais, em fortalecimento à atuação política e simbiótica em relação à informação na e para a democracia.
COVID-19. Clinical GuidanceDentistry | Pediatric Dentistry Extension
Authors: Guerra Fernando , Mata António Duarte , Vinagre Alexandra , Costa Ana Luísa , Vieira Andreia Luís , Falcão Carlos , Chaves Catarina , Herrera David , Baptista Isabel Poiares , Toro Ivan , Braga João , Ramos João Carlos , Santos João Miguel , Silveira João Miguel , Tondela João Paulo , Palma Paulo , Nicolau Pedro , Gomes Pedro Sousa , Dias Ricardo , Rocha Salomão , Matos Sérgio
Published: February 2021

Em Dezembro de 2019, o mundo assistiu à emergência de uma zoonose provocada por um novo tipo de Corona vírus o SARS CoV 2. Esta infeção rapidamente evoluiu para uma disseminação pandémica com consequências pesadas em todos os planos civilizacionais. O SARS CoV 2 e a Covid 19 persistem presentemente sem previsões para a sua eliminação, com grande incerteza sobre a sua evolução e extensão quer das consequências sanitárias quer do impacto económico. Desta forma importa desenvolver estratégias que possibilitem o funcionamento das estruturas produtivas, combatendo o congelamento económico e social enquanto consequências absolutamente nefastas no contexto pandémico. A Medicina Dentária, pela sua natureza, nomeadamente a produção de aerossóis, foi classificada como sendo uma atividade no topo do risco de aquisição/disseminação da doença por parte dos profissionais que a exercem. Muitos países suspenderam o exercício de Medicina Dentária como medida preventiva. Importa, pois, agora e na perspetiva de regresso criar mecanismos que permitam o exercício profissional em segurança. No entanto existe uma lacuna extensa sobre a própria definição de segurança no exercício profissional em Medicina Dentária no contexto SARS CoV 2 /Covid 19. O objetivo destas Normas de Orientação Clínica (NOC) foi compilar de forma sistematizada a evidência existente sobre esta temática e conferir a maior robustez possível à decisão clínica no pré per e pós consulta.
Classificação do uso e cobertura da terra utilizando imagens SAR/Sentinel 1 no Distrito Federal
Authors: Lima Ramos Barbosa Felipe , Fontes Guimarães Renato , Abílio de Carvalho Júnior Osmar , Arnaldo Trancoso Gomes Roberto
Published: February 2021

Os desafios sociais e ambientais estão diretamente relacionados àconcentração populacional existente nos ambientes urbanos, quecontribuem em mais de 75% do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) mundial.Assim, é essencial a detecção da dinâmica do uso e cobertura da terravisando à elaboração e efetivação de políticas públicas. Os sistemasSAR, especialmente as técnicas de interferometria, vêm apresentandoótimos resultados frente a esse desafio, uma vez que não possueminfluência direta da atmosfera. Limitados estudos foram realizadosutilizando-se a coerência interferométrica proveniente do satéliteSentinel-1 em ambiente urbano. Nesse sentido o objetivo desse estudofoi classificar o uso e cobertura da terra de parte do Distrito Federaltendo por base diferentes dimensionalidades considerando as medidasde intensidade e de coerência interferométrica relativas ao ano de 2018.Os resultados mensurados a partir das métricas Kappa e F1 indicamque a inserção de uma série temporal de coerências interferométricasmelhora o desempenho da classificação, de 0,50 a 0,75 (Kappa) e de 0,54a 0,79 (F1), fato que ficou evidente na melhora de desempenho dasclasses temáticas relacionadas à cobertura vegetal. Ademais, tambémconstata-se que a identificação dos objetos urbanos é melhorrepresentada pela utilização apenas das intensidades (VV e VH) noprocesso classificatório
Nova economia e Território: um estudo das tecnologias da informação
Authors: De Oliveira Giovana Mendes
Published: February 2021

A discussão apresentada aqui está relacionada ao território e às atividades econômicas. Nesse contexto, a globalização produziu uma nova economia na qual a competitividade precisa da informação, do conhecimento, das tecnologias, e o território precisa de conteúdos que propiciem esses elementos. O trabalho tem foco nas tecnologias de informação (TI), que são tecnologias importantes para formação do mundo global e para as transformações em todos os âmbitos da sociedade. Existe um esforço para definir melhor esta atividade, que já nasce digital e flexibiliza tempos e espaço, construindo sua geografia. Assim, busca-se localizar as atividades de TI e descortinar as características deste território em que ela está fixada. O recorte de análise é o Rio Grande do Sul, e a classificação da TI parte da Classificação Nacional de Atividades Econômicas-CNAE, e se utiliza de dados da Relação Anual de Informação Social-RAIS e, com isto, obtêm-se dados absolutos das empresas e dos empregados no Estado. É uma pesquisa baseada em dados quantitativos, na qual se utilizam informações de bancos de dados nacionais para estruturar as conclusões, softwares estatísticos auxiliam as análises e a pesquisa está apoiada em cartografias, gráficos e tabelas, elaboradas pela própria pesquisa. Como resultados, temos a concentração geográfica dessas atividades, e os territórios em que elas se instalam são carregados de ciência e tecnologia, infraestrutura e capital. O que anuncia desigualdades territoriais e uma hegemonização de processos no mundo, no qual as metrópoles parecem ser as ganhadoras.
A(s) natureza(s) da APA Macaé de Cima (Rio de Janeiro - Brasil): percepções, dilemas e conflitos
Authors: Hissa Villas Boas Guilherme , Passos de Mattos Cristiane
Published: February 2021

A criação e gestão de unidades de conservação (UC) envolvem uma problemática complexa, uma vez que integra tensões e conflitos desde a institucionalização dessas áreas pelo estado até a implementação do ordenamento do território propriamente dito. Isso porque, muitas vezes, múltiplos interesses se contrapõem, subsistindo diferentes significados sobre a natureza que se quer proteger. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse artigo foi elaborar uma (re)construção histórica da criação e implementação da APA Estadual Macaé de Cima e analisar qual(is) e como a(s) “natureza”(s) vem sendo protegida(s) nesta UC, localizada na região serrana do estado do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil). Para tal, foram sistematizadas informações relativas às ações de gestão e investigadas as diferentes percepções sobre natureza, dentre diferentes atores: gestores, conselheiros, proprietários e agricultores. A metodologia envolveu uma fase de campo com a realização de entrevistas, pautadas em procedimentos éticos, entre 2013 e 2019. Os resultados indicaram três visões de natureza que, por vezes, se mesclam entre si: a natureza contemplativa/bucólica, a natureza utilitária e a natureza científica.
El control de empresas estatales en la encrucijada. La comisión nacional de regulación del transporte y las nuevas sociedades ferroviarias en Argentina
Authors: Bertranou Julián
Published: February 2021

Los entes denominados reguladores fueron creados en los años 90 en el marco de las privatizaciones y concesiones de servicios públicos, con el propósito de controlar las nuevas empresas operadoras privadas. En los últimos años, estos entes han debido ejercer este control sobre empresas que fueron estatizadas. Tal es el caso de la Comisión Nacional de Regulación del Transporte, que debe ahora fiscalizar el desempeño de operadores ferroviarios estatales. El ejercicio de esta función de control se ve dificultado en ese caso por situaciones de incertidumbre normativa y de resistencia por parte de las empresas estatales. Esta situación agrava la desorganización del sector ferroviario y afecta la calidad y la seguridad de los servicios. Un nuevo arreglo de coordinación y cooperación interorganizacional es imprescindible.
¿Participa la ciudadanía en el gobierno electrónico? El caso de la ciudad de Bahía Blanca, Argentina
Authors: Alderete Maria Verónica
Published: February 2021

La literatura sobre gobierno electrónico se centró en explorar los servicios públicos desde el lado de la oferta. Sin embargo, la perspectiva del ciudadano no ha sido mayormente analizada. Este trabajo explora el nivel de adopción del gobierno electrónico desde la perspectiva del ciudadano. El objetivo del trabajo es determinar cuán involucrados están los ciudadanos de Bahía Blanca con el gobierno electrónico (mediante el sitio web municipal) así como explorar los factores subjetivos que influyen en su adopción. Para ello se utiliza una encuesta online dirigida a un grupo de ciudadanos locales, los seguidores de la red social Facebook Moderniza Bahía. Esto permitió obtener una muestra representativa de la población con un muestreo para poblaciones finita. Sin embargo, no se analiza la relación entre ciudadanos y gobierno mediada por las redes sociales. De los resultados obtenidos se desprende que el conocimiento, los beneficios esperados y la confianza sobre el gobierno electrónico se relacionan con mayores niveles de adopción de gobierno electrónico.
Between Conflict and Peace: The Government Policies and Sunni-Shia Relationship in Sampang and Yogyakarta
Authors: Abidin Ahmad Zainal , Fuadi Imam , Kholis Nur , Aziz Thoriqul
Published: February 2021

The Shi’a minority encounters different kind of treatments from the Sunni majority in several regions in Indonesia; some falls into series of violent discriminative conflicts, while the other live in peace. The Sampang Shi’a community has encountered the first kind of treatments, whereas the Shi’a community in Yogyakarta is able to get a safe environment. The disjuncture comes from the different policies enacted by the respective regional governments. This study tries to describe the differences of the policies from the regional governments and uncover the factors structuring them. In doing so, this qualitative study approaches the issue through a case study using the theory of conflict proposed by Ralf Dahrendorf and functional theory of Lewis A. Coser. This study finds some factors leading to the different form of treatments of Sunnī majority towards the Shi’a minorities of Sampang and Yogyakarta, including: social, cultural, political, economic, and some other external factors. Furthermore, it also suggets that to cope with the discrimination issue towards the minority, the government could consider to implement the politics of multiculturalism proposed by Charles Taylor.
Taḥqīq al-Farq bayna al-Sunan al-Ilāhiyyat wa al-Sunan al-Kauniyyat wa Ta’ṡīruhumā fī al-Tafsīr: Dirāsatun Muqāranatun bayna Tafsīr al-Manār wa Tafsīr al-Jawāhir [Investigating the Difference of Sunnah al-Ilāhiah and Sunnah al-Kauniah and Its Implication on Qur’anic Exegesis: A Comparative Study between Tafsīr al-Manār and Tafsīr al-Jawāhir]
Authors: Zuhurul Fuqohak Mukhamad Agus , Affandi Yuyun
Published: February 2021

This article aims at explaining the difference between sunan ilāhiyya ijtimāʿiyya and sunan kawniyya ṭabīʿiyya; two complicated concepts that are not easy to comprehend. Furthermore, as a means to help comprehension upon the concepts, this study also investigates their influences in Qurʾān commentaries. In doing so, this qualitative research employs analytical-comparative approaches upon Tafsīr al-Manār of Muḥammad Rashīd Riḍā and al-Jawāhir fī Tafsīr al-Qurʿān al-Karīm of Ṭanṭawī al-Jawharī. It is through both commentaries this article seeks to explain the difference between sunan ilāhiyya ijtimāʿiyya and sunan kawniyya ṭabīʿiyya. The result of the research is as follow: sunan ilāhiyya ṭabīʿiyya is a concept that is related to human and its intentionality and will, whereas sunan ṭabī’iyya is related to human but not in its intentionality but physicality. Sunan ijtimāʿiyya is reflected by Tafsīr al-Manār of Rashīd Riḍā, whereas sunan kawniyya ṭabīʿiyya is reflected by Tafsīr al-Jawāhir of Ṭanṭawī Jawharī. أوضح هذا البحث الفرق بين السنن الإلهية في المجتمع والسنن الكونية في الطبيعة وأثرهما في كتب التفسير. وقد استخدم هذا البحث الكيفي منهج التحليل والمقارنة بين تفسير المنار لمحمد رشيد رضا وكتاب الجواهر في تفسير القرآن الكريم لطنطاوي جوهري. ونتائج هذا البحث أن السنن الإلهية في المجتمع تتعلق بعزيمة وقدرة الإنسان. وأما السنن الكونية في الطبيعة لم تتعلق بالإنسان، لكن بالأحكام الطبيعية والعالمية. السنن الإلهية في المجتمع متضمنة في تفسير المنار لمحمد رشيد رضا، وأما السنن الكونية في الطبيعة متضمنة في كتاب الجواهر في تفسير القرآن الكريم لطنطاوي جوهري.
Spatial Analysis for Fire Risk Reduction in Kampung Ampel Cultural Heritage Area, Surabaya
Authors: Hudanti Farida , Okubo Takeyuki , Indradjati Petrus Natalivan
Published: February 2021

The objective of the research is to improve fire risk reduction in Kampung Ampel Surabaya through: [1] identifying the current firefighting system in Surabaya; [2] identifying the characteristics and conditions of Kampung Ampel; [3] identifying structure of the problem; [4] proposing strategies for fire risk reduction in Kampung Ampel. The analysis will focus on determining risks and resources of Kampung Ampel to fire hazard using Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis. Risk and resources are combined to find out the areas that have the highest risk of fire hazard. The results of the analyses consist of challenges and possible solutions. The challenges can be concluded as follow: [1] resources for firefighting cannot cover the entire area of Kampung Ampel; and [2] resources for evacuation cannot accommodate all the population and visitors. The proposed solutions for those challenges are: [1] reactivation of inactive fire wells; [2] utilization on source of water in Ampel Mosque; [3] proposing wider road to connect roads which are wider than 3.5 meters but are blocked by narrower roads; [4] the purchase of adapters to connect different types of fire hoses; [5] adding the number of fire hoses brought to the site; [6] remodeling the vulnerable buildings using inflammable materials with keeping the value of cultural landscape; [7] keeping portable fire pump in Ampel Mosque to facilitate the fire handling by residents; and [8] preparing evacuation route to the closest open space areas. The application of those solutions can reduce the high-risk area from 26.6% to 0.2%.
Flood-reduction scenario based on land use in Kedurus river basin using SWAT hydrology model
Authors: Purwitaningsih Santika , Pamungkas Adjie , Setyasa Prima Tama , Pamungkas Rahel Putri , Alfian Ahmad Rizky , Irawan Shafira Aulia Rosyida
Published: February 2021

The rapid growth population phenomenon has causes excessive land demand for residential and economic activity. Moreover, the rapid urbanization also increases the contribution of land constrains. Land conversion from conservation to cultivation uses affects the surface runoff volume that leads to flooding. According to these problems, it is necessary to take steps to control flood in Kedurus Watershed. One of the proper urban development concept is the Water Sensitive City (WSC). The protection against flood in WSC can be accomplished with the land use arrangement that can reduces the surface runoff. The aim of this research is to determine the proper land use scenario to reduce floods in Kedurus Watershed. In order to reach this aim, the writer uses sensitivity analysis to identify the proper land use scenario to be applied in the watershed and SWAT to select the best scenario. The efforts to reduce flood through the land use scenario (scenario 2) could reduce the flood volume by 44,320.32 m3 or 8.11% of the total volume of flood in the area. The average reduction of flood volume in each sub basins is 12,92% and the highest number of reduction is 65,67% (sub basin 22).
Youthizen Political Literacy: Educating The Generation Z
Authors: Lailiyah Nuriyatul , Pradhana Ghozian Aulia , Yuliyanto Muchammad
Published: February 2021

This study aims to investigate the differences in attitudes of young generation in showing their political expression on social media before and after the socialization in community service. The issue is related to the attitude of young generation in using social media as a means of expres-sion. Meanwhile, we realize that the internet can often be misleading with the abundance of in-formation and hoaxes. It requires the user’s ability to choose and filter the correct and useful information. As the generation that dominates social media and the internet, Generation Z is al-so a target of politicians and political issues on the internet. Therefore, political literacy for young generation in the internet is crucial. The data in this research were collected by quantita-tive descriptive methods through surveys before and after the socialization of social media and politics. The survey was conducted on 100 high school students in Semarang City. The results showed that the program for political literacy socialization increased the political literacy of the high school students by providing a positive knowledge regarding politics. The results showed that the program increased the high school students’ political literacy and attitude towards the use of social media for political expression.
Collaborative Governance In Public Service In Indonesia: A Systematic Mapping Study
Authors: Tando Cahyoko Edi , Sudarmo Sudarmo , Haryanti Rina Herlina
Published: February 2021

This research raises a problem in Indonesia’s public services, with its relation to the scope of Public Administration Science. The study aims to analyze research articles in international journals with a time span from 2015 to 2019. The databases that the researchers used in the preparation of these scientific articles are Scopus and Taylor and Francis Group, which already have recognition from academics internationally. This study uses a qualitative research method with a literature review approach model in the form of a systematic mapping study. The research concludes that collaborative governance is most widely applied in public services, especially in the health sector. In addition, the method most commonly used is qualitative research methods with a case study approach
Shear strength of linearly tapered plate girders
Authors: Yosep Flosten , Wijaya Paulus Karta
Published: February 2021

This study analyzes the shear behaviour of I profile linearly tapered plate girder and obtains a proposed method to estimate its shear strength. This study contains 72 models of linearly tapered plate girder with angle of inclination range from 2° up to 30°, web thickness: 5 mm up to 8 mm and ratio of a/h: 1, 1.25 dan 1.5. All models have slender web. This study was performed through analysis by finite element method using ADINA 9.5 software. All models are simply supported and applied two shear load variations, which cause diagonal tension field action at short diagonal direction (Type I) and long diagonal direction (Type II), respectively. For  type I, its shear strength can be determined using the equation of shear strength according to AISC 360-16 design specification using smallest web depth. While for  type II, the analysis results shown that its shear strength reduce with the increase of its inclination angle and ratio of .  According to that results, a modification factor for determining the shear strength of linearly tapered plate girder which respects to AISC 360-16 design specification has been obtained.
Stakeholder Power-Interest Analysis of disaster insurance for public infrastructure in Semarang City
Authors: Hatmoko Jati Utomo Dwi , Putri Dita Mentari , Hermawan Ferry
Published: February 2021

The use of disaster insurance for public infrastructure is still uncommon in Indonesia, including in Semarang. The success of the adoption of disaster insurance for public infrastructure is inevitably dependent on the acceptance of stakeholders. The aim of this study is to analyse the power and interest of stakeholders towards the use of disaster insurance for public infrastructure in Semarang. Data was collected via interviews and focussed group discussions with stakeholders of Semarang government officials, asset managers, users, etc. The power-interest grid of stakeholders divides the stakeholders based on their levels of power and interests, resulting in four categories, i.e. players, subjects, crowds, and context setters. This research identified the players are the Mayor, Regional Disaster Management Authority, and Regional Financial and Asset Management Authority (5.5%); the subjects category includes The Public Works Department of Human Settlements and Highways, Public Works Department, Trade Department, majority Public Health Center (40.7%); the crowds are Education Department and majority public schools (53.7%); and no context setters (0%). This study found that low trust in the insurer is a major factor causing a lack of interest in the use of insurance. The results of this study are valuable to understand the stakeholder map of Semarang city based on power and interest aspects, and serve as a basis for developing disaster insurance adoption strategies for public infrastructure.
COVID-19 outbreak among temporary foreign workers in British Columbia, March to May 2020
Authors: Mema Silvina , Frosst Gillian , Hanson Kristen , Yates Cheryl , Anderson Amanda , Jacobson Jennifer , Guinard Caroline , Lima America , Andersen Tannis , Roe Melissa
Published: February 2021

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, temporary foreign workers (TFWs) provided a critical role to maintaining the food supply in Canada, yet workers faced a number of challenges that made them particularly vulnerable to COVID-19. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological investigation and public health response to a COVID-19 outbreak among TFWs in an agricultural setting in British Columbia from March to May 2020. Methods: An outbreak was declared on March 28, 2020 following detection of two cases of COVID-19 among a group of 63 TFWs employed by a nursery and garden centre. Outbreak control measures included immediate isolation of cases, case finding via outreach screening and testing, cohorting of asymptomatic workers and enhanced cleaning and disinfection. The outbreak was declared over on May 10, 2020. Results: A total of 26 COVID-19 cases were identified among the group of TFWs; no cases were identified among local workers. Cases were primarily male (77%) with a median age of 41 years. Symptom onsets ranged from March 8 to April 9, 2020. One case required overnight hospitalization for pneumonia. Conclusion: This was the first COVID-19 community outbreak identified in British Columbia and the first COVID-19 outbreak identified among TFWs in Canada. This outbreak began prior to implementation of provincial and federal quarantine orders for international travellers. A provincial policy was later developed that requires TFWs to quarantine in government-funded accommodation prior to deployment to agricultural settings.
Country food consumption in Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut, Foodbook study 2014–2015
Authors: Morton Vanessa , Manore Anna , Ciampa Nadia , Glass-Kaastra Shiona , Hurst Matt , Mullen Angie , Cutler Jennifer
Published: February 2021

Background: This article presents a descriptive summary of the consumption of various country food (i.e. locally harvested plant and animal foods) products by residents of Yukon (YT), Northwest Territories (NT) and Nunavut (NU). Data were collected as part of the Foodbook study in 2014–2015. Methods: The Foodbook study was conducted by telephone over a one-year period. Respondents were asked about consumption of a wide range of food products over the previous seven days. Residents of the territories were also asked about consumption of regionally-specific country food. Data were weighted to develop territorial estimates of consumption. Data on age, gender, location, income and education were also collected. Results: The national response rate for the Foodbook survey was 19.9%. In total, 1,235 residents of the territories participated in the study (YT, n=402; NT, n=458; NU, n=375). Consumption of any country food during the previous seven days was reported by 77.5%, 60.7%, and 66.4% of participants in NU, NT and YT, respectively. Conclusion: Responses to country food questions asked alongside the main Foodbook questionnaire provide insight on country food consumption in YT, NT and NU.