bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CERTAIN APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT OF INTEROPERABILITY OF RAILWAY LINES
Authors: Szkopiński Janusz
Published: June 2015

This paper presents the main aspects concerning the systemic approach to the problem of interoperability of rail transport. Follow decision about the opening of the EU market and transport services for rail transport, the European Parliament and of the Council have introduced a number of interoperability directives for implement interoperability on the rail system in EU. Their goal was to get the integration of rail transport systems, despite the differences in control-command and signaling systems, power supply and operation system, to be rich on the safe and not disrupted train running over the different countries (different infrastructure managers). The article indicated the main areas in the railway system which are depends on strongly of the interoperability implementation.
Long-term fluorometric measurements of photosynthetic processes in Antarctic moss Bryum sp. during austral summer season
Authors: Barták Miloš , Váczi Peter
Published: June 2015

Photosynthetic activity pattern of Bryum sp. was monitored for 28days using a chlorophyll a fluorescence measuring system installed in the field. For the study, long-term research plot, a moss-dominated vegetaiton oasis at seashore located close to the J.G. Mendel station (James Ross Island, Antarctica) was selected. In this study, two measuring sites were used: (1) control plot with moss cover and (2) moss located inside open top chamber (OTC). At both sites, effective quantum yield of photosynthetic processes in photosyntem II (FPSII) was measured and relative photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETRrel) evaluated each 15 min. Simultaneously, microclimate of the sites was measured including air and moss surface temperature, relative air humidity and photosynthetically active radiation. The length of photosyntetically active period depended mainly on hydration of moss cushion. Water availability, however, was not limiting in the measuring period (Jan 8 - Feb 18, 2009), because the sites were well suplied by melt water from neighbouring snowfield. Thus, daily courses of ETRrel were dependent on incident PAR. On sunny days, ETRrel reached values over 400. Inhibition of primary photosynthetic processes due to below-zero temperature and resulting freezing of moss cushions appeared two times within the measuring periods thanks to rapid decreases in air temperature. The effect of low air temperature on ETRrel was less apparent in OTC site since moss cushion freezing period was shorter and less pronounced than in control site thanks to OTC-induced shift in air temperature. For future photosynthetic studies in Antarctic mosses, simultaneous measurements of gas exchange- and chlorophyll fluorescence-related parameters is recommended so that the effects of particular limiting factors for photosynthesis and photosynthetic productivity can be distinguished and evaluated.
The Standard of Proof for Redressing Wrongful Convictions - A Comparative Study with Case Analyses
Authors: Jiahong He
Published: June 2015

Instances of wrongful conviction have the nature of universality and latency. The determination of wrongful conviction has the nature of ambiguousness and antagonism. The facts behind a case of wrongful conviction are not always black-and-white; sometimes there is a grey zone, meaning that there is no way to determine with accuracy whether the defendant is guilty or not. As a result, the rectification of wrongful conviction becomes very difficult. In the case of Hugejiletu, for example, although the true perpetrator came out in 2005, the wrongful conviction had not been corrected by the court until the end of 2014. Therefore, the standard of proof for redressing wrongful convictions needs to be clarified. Through case analyses of the standard in USA, UK and Germany, we can see that the standard for redressing wrongful convictions are different from the standard for convictions, with the former being generally lower than the latter. We should restate the standard of proof for redressing wrongful convictions in Chinese criminal proceedings, and make distinctions between the standard for starting a retrial, the standard for redressing a wrongful conviction, and the standard for awarding a state compensation.
Facteurs de risque des stratégies collectives entrepreneuriales
Authors: Noireaux Virginie
Published: June 2015

Ce travail s’inscrit dans la continuité des travaux menés sur les stratégies collectives entrepreneuriales (SCE) et s’intéresse à leur dynamique relationnelle. À travers trois cas étudiés de manière longitudinale sur plus de neuf années, nous constatons l’existence d’une dynamique relationnelle qui construit et anime les actions. Les résultats de cette recherche tendent à montrer que la pérennité des SCE semble être étroitement liée à ce processus qui s’articule à trois niveaux : individuel (PME-PMI), groupe et autres parties prenantes. Cette dynamique permet de limiter les risques organisationnels des SCE. Son étude nous permet de dégager un certain nombre d’enseignements pour les acteurs de SCE : une très bonne communication interne, l’identification et la communication continue avec les parties prenantes critiques et institutionnelles, une taille restreinte du comité de pilotage, des décisions orientées vers le plus grand nombre de PME parfois au détriment d’objectifs individuels plus ambitieux. Nous constatons également que l’encastrement institutionnel, très présent les premières années, fait place à un encastrement social, ce qui permet à la SCE d’acquérir une certaine autonomie.
Front Matter
Authors: Editors
Published: June 2015

Front matter
Measurement and simulation of neutron monitor count rate dependence on surrounding structure
Authors: Aiemsa‐ad N. , Ruffolo D. , Sáiz A. , Mangeard P.‐S. , Nutaro T. , Nuntiyakul W. , Kamyan N. , Khumlumlert T. , Krüger H. , Moraal H. , Bieber J. W. , Clem J. , Evenson P.
Published: June 2015

Neutron monitors are the premier instruments for precise measurements of time variations (e.g., of solar origin) in the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux in the range of ∼1–100 GeV. However, it has proven challenging to accurately determine the yield function (effective area) versus rigidity in order to relate a neutron monitor's count rate with those of other monitors worldwide and the underlying GCR spectrum. Monte Carlo simulations of the yield function have been developed, but there have been few opportunities to validate these observationally, especially regarding the particular environment surrounding each monitor. Here we have precisely measured the count rate of a calibration neutron monitor near the Princess Sirindhorn Neutron Monitor (PSNM) at Doi Inthanon, Thailand (18.59∘N, 98.49∘E, 2560 m altitude), which provides a basis for comparison with count rates of other neutron monitors worldwide that are similarly calibrated. We directly measured the effect of surrounding structure by operating the calibrator outside and inside the building. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we clarify differences in response of the calibrator and PSNM, as well as the calibrator outside and inside the building. The dependence of the calibrator count rate on surrounding structure can be attributed to its sensitivity to neutrons of 0.5–10 MeV and a shift of sensitivity to nucleons of higher energy when placed inside the building. Simulated calibrator to PSNM count rate ratios inside and outside agree with observations within a few percent, providing useful validation and improving confidence in our ability to model the yield function for a neutron monitor station.
Fragment‐Based De Novo Design Reveals a Small‐Molecule Inhibitor of Helicobacter Pylori HtrA
Authors: Perna Anna M. , Rodrigues Tiago , Schmidt Thomas P. , Böhm Manja , Stutz Katharina , Reker Daniel , Pfeiffer Bernhard , Altmann Karl‐Heinz , Backert Steffen , Wessler Silja , Schneider Gisbert
Published: June 2015

Sustained identification of innovative chemical entities is key for the success of chemical biology and drug discovery. We report the fragment‐based, computer‐assisted de novo design of a small molecule inhibiting Helicobacter pylori HtrA protease. Molecular binding of the designed compound to HtrA was confirmed through biophysical methods, supporting its functional activity in vitro. Hit expansion led to the identification of the currently best‐in‐class HtrA inhibitor. The results obtained reinforce the validity of ligand‐based de novo design and binding‐kinetics‐guided optimization for the efficient discovery of pioneering lead structures and prototyping drug‐like chemical probes with tailored bioactivity.
UV‐Induced Tetrazole‐Thiol Reaction for Polymer Conjugation and Surface Functionalization
Authors: Feng Wenqian , Li Linxian , Yang Chengwu , Welle Alexander , Trapp Oliver , Levkin Pavel A.
Published: June 2015

A UV‐induced 1,3‐dipolar nucleophilic addition of tetrazoles to thiols is described. Under UV irradiation the reaction proceeds rapidly at room temperature, with high yields, without a catalyst, and in both polar protic and aprotic solvents, including water. This UV‐induced tetrazole‐thiol reaction was successfully applied for the synthesis of small molecules, protein modification, and rapid and facile polymer–polymer conjugation. The reaction has also been demonstrated for the formation of micropatterns by site‐selective surface functionalization. Superhydrophobic–hydrophilic micropatterns were successfully created by sequential modifications of a tetrazole‐modified porous polymer surface with hydrophobic and hydrophilic thiols. A biotin‐functionalized surface could be fabricated in aqueous solutions under long‐wavelength UV irradiation.
Preparation and characterization of quartz‐fiber‐cloth‐reinforced, polymerization‐of‐monomer‐reactant‐type polyimide substrates with a high impact strength
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Yang Haixia , Liu Jingang , Yang Shiyong , Li Yanfeng
Published: June 2015

A series of novel quartz‐fiber‐cloth‐reinforced polyimide substrates with low dielectric constants were successfully prepared. For this purpose, the A‐stage polyimide solution was first synthesized via a polymerization‐of‐monomer‐reactant procedure with 2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine and 3,3′,4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride as the monomers, and cis−5‐norbornene‐endo‐2,3‐dicarboxylic anhydride as the endcap. Then, an A‐stage polyimide solution (TOPI) was impregnated with quartz‐fiber cloth (QF) to afford the prepregs, which were thermally molded into the final substrate composites. The influence of the curing temperature and the resin content on the mechanical properties of the composite were examined. The composites exhibited a high glass‐transition temperature over 360°C, a low and steady dielectric constant below 3.2 at a test frequency of 1–12 GHz, and a volume resistance over 1.8 × 1017 Ω cm. Meanwhile, they also showed a high mechanical strength with flexural and impact strengths in ranges 845–881 MPa and 141–155 KJ/m2, respectively. The excellent mechanical and thermal properties and good dielectric properties indicated that they are good candidates for integrated circuit packaging substrates. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42358.
Changes in gastrointestinal cancer resection rates
Authors: Speelman A D , van Gestel Y R B M , Rutten H J T , de Hingh I H J T , Lemmens V E P P
Published: June 2015

Background

Many developments in medicine are likely to have influenced the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer, including rates of resection. This study sought to investigate changes in surgical resection rates over time among patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Methods

Patients diagnosed between 1995 and 2012 in the Eindhoven Cancer Registry area were included. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent influence of interval of diagnosis on the likelihood of having a resection.

Results

Among 43 370 patients, crude resection rates decreased between 1995 and 2012 for gastric, colonic and rectal cancer, most notably for patients aged at least 85 years with gastric cancer (from 37·3 to 13·3 per cent), and patients aged 75–84 years and 85 years or more with rectal cancer (from 80·5 to 64·4 per cent, and from 58·9 to 36·0 per cent respectively). After adjustment for patient and tumour characteristics, patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2012 with gastric (odds ratio (OR) 0·71, 95 per cent c.i. 0·55 to 0·92), colonic (OR 0·52, 0·44 to 0·62), rectal (OR 0·39, 0·33 to 0·48) and periampullary (OR 0·42, 0·27 to 0·66) cancers were less likely to undergo resection than those diagnosed between 1995 and 1998. Patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer were more likely to undergo resection in recent periods (OR 4·13, 2·57 to 6·64).

Conclusion

Resection rates have fallen over time for several gastrointestinal cancers. This might reflect increased availability of other treatments, better selection of patients as a result of improved diagnostic accuracy, risk-avoiding behaviour and transparency related to surgical outcomes at hospital and surgeon level.
Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Hypertension Compared With the Joint National Committee 8 Panelists' Recommendations
Authors: Snipelisky David , Waldo Oral , Burton M. Caroline
Published: June 2015

Background

The panelists of the Joint National Committee recently published new recommendations for the management of hypertension. Our study aims to evaluate how current practice compares.

Hypothesis

Current practice likely deviates from the recent JNC 8 panelists' recommendations.

Methods

A survey was sent to cardiology providers at 3 academic medical centers: Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona; and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Providers were asked to select which blood‐pressure goal would be deemed appropriate in various cases based on individual practice in both the maintenance of patients already on therapy as well as threshold of when to initiate therapy. Comparisons with current recommendations were made, as well as geographic location and level of experience.

Results

A total of 251 survey requests were sent (May 2014), and 77 responses (30.7%) were received. Cardiologists tended not to practice according to the new guidelines, with most variation seen in patients age >60 years without comorbidities on active treatment. Providers' selection of initial pharmacologic agents in non–African American patients, African American patients, and patients with diabetes mellitus reflected congruency with guidelines.

Conclusions

Our study found that clinical practice does not correlate well with the new blood‐pressure goal recommendations published by the Joint National Committee 8 panelists, particularly in patients age >60 years. Practitioners are likely to follow the recommendations in regard to pharmacologic management.
Insights into the Kinetics of Methane Hydrate Formation in a Stirred Tank Reactor by In Situ Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Jong Min , Cho Seong Jun , Lee Ju Dong , Linga Praveen , Kang Kyung Chan , Lee Jaeyong
Published: June 2015

We present a new method to observe the kinetics of methane hydrate formation by the simultaneous application of macroscopic and microscopic measurements. In a stirred tank stabilized under two different subcooling conditions, both the consumption rate of methane by water and in situ Raman spectra were measured with time. According to our observations, an abrupt decline in the intensity of the Raman peak of dissolved methane coincided with an increase in the intensity of the Raman peak of methane that occupies the large cages of the hydrate at the beginning of hydrate formation. The occupancy of the small cages only occurred after a considerable delay from the nucleation point, whereas the occupancy of the large cages occurred throughout the growth period. Thus, the early stage of hydrate growth shows a strong preference of the dissolved methane to occupy the large cages.
The semantic anatomical network: Evidence from healthy and brain‐damaged patient populations
Authors: Fang Yuxing , Han Zaizhu , Zhong Suyu , Gong Gaolang , Song Luping , Liu Fangsong , Huang Ruiwang , Du Xiaoxia , Sun Rong , Wang Qiang , He Yong , Bi Yanchao
Published: June 2015

Semantic processing is central to cognition and is supported by widely distributed gray matter (GM) regions and white matter (WM) tracts. The exact manner in which GM regions are anatomically connected to process semantics remains unknown. We mapped the semantic anatomical network (connectome) by conducting diffusion imaging tractography in 48 healthy participants across 90 GM “nodes,” and correlating the integrity of each obtained WM edge and semantic performance across 80 brain‐damaged patients. Fifty‐three WM edges were obtained whose lower integrity associated with semantic deficits and together with their linked GM nodes constitute a semantic WM network. Graph analyses of this network revealed three structurally segregated modules that point to distinct semantic processing components and identified network hubs and connectors that are central in the communication across the subnetworks. Together, our results provide an anatomical framework of human semantic network, advancing the understanding of the structural substrates supporting semantic processing. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3499–3515, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of high frequency performance of TO‐46 header through three‐dimensional full wave electromagnetic model and circuit model
Authors: Shih Tien‐Tsorng , Jou Jau‐Ji , Chu Shun‐Shien
Published: June 2015

The TO‐46 header has been commonly used for vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) and photodetector package. The high‐frequency characteristics of a TO‐46 header were measured using our special K‐type adaptors and simulated through a three‐dimensional full wave electromagnetic simulator. The measurement and simulation results show the TO‐46 header provides a resonance‐free transmission bandwidth over 40‐GHz and reflection loss below −10‐dB within 31‐GHz, with an ideal 50‐Ω terminal. The 25‐Gb/s and 40‐Gb/s eye diagrams through a TO‐46 header were measured using our measurement setup, and the eye diagrams are clear enough. In addition, the single‐end and differential‐end equivalent circuit models of a TO‐46 header were established and verified. The TO‐46 header provides a low‐cost and high‐speed package solution and can be applied in 21‐Gb/s fiber channel technology and 100‐Gb/s (4 × 25‐Gb/s) Ethernet (100 GbE) network. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using principal components analysis to explore competence and confidence in student nurses as users of information and communication technologies
Authors: Todhunter Fern
Published: June 2015

Aim

To report on the relationship between competence and confidence in nursing students as users of information and communication technologies, using principal components analysis.

Design

In nurse education, learning about and learning using information and communication technologies is well established. Nursing students are one of the undergraduate populations in higher education required to use these resources for academic work and practice learning. Previous studies showing mixed experiences influenced the choice of an exploratory study to find out about information and communication technologies competence and confidence. A 48‐item survey questionnaire was administered to a volunteer sample of first‐ and second‐year nursing students between July 2008–April 2009. The cohort (N = 375) represented 18·75% of first‐ and second‐year undergraduates. A comparison between this work and subsequent studies reveal some similar ongoing issues and ways to address them.

Methods

A principal components analysis (PCA) was carried out to determine the strength of the correlation between information and communication technologies competence and confidence. The aim was to show the presence of any underlying dimensions in the transformed data that would explain any variations in information and communication technologies competence and confidence. Cronbach's alpha values showed fair to good internal consistency.

Results

The five component structure gave medium to high results and explained 44·7% of the variance in the original data. Confidence had a high representation. The findings emphasized the shift towards social learning approaches for information and communication technologies. Informal social collaboration found favour with nursing students. Learning through talking, watching and listening all play a crucial role in the development of computing skills.
Does psychological need satisfaction perceived online enhance well‐being?
Authors: Wang Ligang , Tao Ting , Fan, Chunlei , Gao Wenbin
Published: June 2015

The Internet has been building a new context, in which adolescents and young people complete their academic tasks, do their work, engage in social interaction, and even conduct anonymous identity experimentation. Therefore, it becomes very significant to assess psychological need satisfaction online, and to relate it to well‐being. This study investigated the influence on well‐being of psychological need satisfaction perceived online and the regulatory role in this relationship of psychological need satisfaction perceived in daily life. A total of 1,727 students from junior and senior high schools and universities in China were surveyed using the Basic Psychological Needs in General scale, the Basic Psychological Needs in the Online World scale, and the Index of Well‐Being, Index of General Affect scale. The mean age of the adolescent sample was 17.47 years (ranging from 12.50 to 25.42 years). The results indicated that both need satisfaction perceived online and that perceived in daily life positively predicted psychological well‐being, and psychological need satisfaction in daily life qualified the association between psychological need satisfaction perceived online and well‐being. In particular, students who perceived higher psychological need satisfaction in daily life were found to benefit from psychological need satisfaction perceived online, but students with low psychological need satisfaction perceived in daily life did not. We suggest that people who perceive lower basic need satisfaction in daily life are more likely to use the Internet for socioaffective regulation and to consider cyberspace as a new world. Thus, need satisfaction perceived online may not transform into “real” happiness.
The health action process approach applied to African American breast cancer survivors
Authors: Paxton Raheem J.
Published: June 2015

Background

The health action process approach (HAPA) is a relevant model for understanding physical activity (PA), yet it has not been examined in cancer survivors or minorities. In this study, we assessed the HAPA in African American breast cancer survivors using covariance modeling.

Methods

A total of 304 African American breast cancer survivors (mean age = 54 years) participated in a Web‐based survey assessing demographic and medical characteristics as well as constructs of the HAPA. A two‐step covariance modeling approach was used to assess the structural relationships among the constructs.

Results

The hypothesized measurement model fit the data; however, general severity was not significantly associated with the remaining constructs. General severity was removed, and the fit did not change significantly. The final adjusted model provided a reasonable fit to the data and accounted for significant variance in intentions (49%) and PA (42%). Action (β = 0.1, p < 0.01) and coping (β = 0.3, p < 0.01) planning mediated the relationship between intentions and behavior.

Conclusions

The HAPA appears to be a relevant model for understanding PA in African American breast cancer survivors. However, more work is needed to determine whether these relationships can be replicated in other breast cancer survivors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards using a full spectrum of early clinical trial data: a retrospective analysis to compare potential longitudinal categorical models for molecular targeted therapies in oncology
Authors: Colin Pierre , Micallef Sandrine , Delattre Maud , Mancini Pierre , Parent Eric
Published: June 2015

Following the pattern of phase I clinical trials for cytotoxic drugs, dose‐finding clinical trials in oncology of molecularly targeted agents (MTA) aim at determining the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). In classical phase I clinical trials, MTD is generally defined by the number of patients with short‐term major treatment toxicities (usually called dose‐limiting toxicities, DLT), occurring during the first cycle of study treatment (e.g. within the first 3weeks of treatment). However, S. Postel‐Vinay (2011) highlighted that half of grade 3 to 4 toxicities, usually considered as DLT, occur after the first cycle of MTA treatment. In addition, MTAs could induce other moderate (e.g. grade 2) toxicities which could be taken into account depending on their clinical importance, chronic nature and duration. Ignoring these late toxicities may lead to an underestimation of the drug toxicity and to wrong dose recommendations for phase II and III clinical trials. Some methods have been proposed, such as the time‐to‐event continuous reassessment method (Cheung 2000 and Mauguen 2011), to take into account the late toxicities. We suggest approaches based on longitudinal models (Doussau 2013). We compare several models for longitudinal data, such as transitional or marginal models, to take into account all relevant toxicities occurring during the entire length of the patient treatment (and not just the events within a predefined short‐term time‐window). These models allow the statistician to benefit from a larger amount of safety data which could potentially improve that accuracy in MTD assessment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Choreographing Response: Online Game of Shopping and the Digital Puppet Master
Authors: Sajadieh Sahar
Published: June 2015

It's a game! Who is on the other side, a human or a machine? You don't know! All you know is the items you have been watching for a while and the possibility of buying them cheap or losing them to the others. In this paper, I explore the performativity of the texts and digital features of online shopping Web sites and the impact of the existence of the other tele-shoppers to motivate you to push on the “checkout” button and “place an order.” Now the main question becomes: Who is the real choreographer of the movements in this game?
WHICH QUALITY OF LIFE MEASURES FIT YOUR RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS ASSESSMENT?
Authors: Cleemput Irina , Neyt Mattias
Published: June 2015

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important endpoint of many healthcare interventions. This study develops guidance on how to select appropriate HRQoL measures for inclusion in a clinical trial, given the purposes of the HRQoL measurement.

Methods: The guidance is based on a systematic literature review, discussions with members of the European Network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) and two rounds of public consultation.

Results: A set of twelve recommendations was developed, addressing the requirements for HRQoL data for relative effectiveness assessment, for cost-utility analyses and for informing clinical decision making. Recommendations relate to the choice of the type of measure as well as to aspects such as measurement frequency, target population and presentation.

Conclusions: The purpose and context of HRQoL measurement is crucial for the relevance of the data obtained with a specific HRQoL measure. It is recommended to always include a generic HRQoL instrument in clinical trials to cover a wide range of possible future uses of the HRQoL data.
A possible macronova in the late afterglow of the long–short burst GRB 060614
Authors: Yang Bin , Jin Zhi-Ping , Li Xiang , Covino Stefano , Zheng Xian-Zhong , Hotokezaka Kenta , Fan Yi-Zhong , Piran Tsvi , Wei Da-Ming
Published: June 2015

Long-duration (>2 s) γ-ray bursts that are believed to originate from the death of massive stars are expected to be accompanied by supernovae. GRB 060614, that lasted 102 s, lacks a supernova-like emission down to very stringent limits and its physical origin is still debated. Here we report the discovery of near-infrared bump that is significantly above the regular decaying afterglow. This red bump is inconsistent with even the weakest known supernova. However, it can arise from a Li-Paczyński macronova—the radioactive decay of debris following a compact binary merger. If this interpretation is correct, GRB 060614 arose from a compact binary merger rather than from the death of a massive star and it was a site of a significant production of heavy r-process elements. The significant ejected mass favours a black hole–neutron star merger but a double neutron star merger cannot be ruled out.
A composite annual-resolution stalagmite record of North Atlantic climate over the last three millennia
Authors: Baker Andy , C. Hellstrom John , Kelly Bryce F. J. , Mariethoz Gregoire , Trouet Valerie
Published: June 2015

Annually laminated stalagmites can be used to construct a precise chronology and variations in laminae thickness provide an annual growth-rate record that can be used as a proxy for past climate and environmental change. Here, we present and analyse the first composite speleothem annual growth-rate record based on five stalagmites from the same cave system in northwest Scotland, where precipitation is sensitive to North Atlantic climate variability and the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Our 3000-year record confirms persistently low growth-rates, reflective of positive NAO states, during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA). Another persistently low growth period occurring at 290-550 CE coincides with the European Migration Period and a subsequent period of sustained fast growth-rate (negative NAO) from 600-900 AD provides the climate context for the Viking Age in northern and western Europe.
A zero density change phase change memory material: GeTe-O structural characteristics upon crystallisation
Authors: Zhou Xilin , Dong Weiling , Zhang Hao , Simpson Robert E.
Published: June 2015

Oxygen-doped germanium telluride phase change materials are proposed for high temperature applications. Up to 8 at.% oxygen is readily incorporated into GeTe, causing an increased crystallisation temperature and activation energy. The rhombohedral structure of the GeTe crystal is preserved in the oxygen doped films. For higher oxygen concentrations the material is found to phase separate into GeO2 and TeO2, which inhibits the technologically useful abrupt change in properties. Increasing the oxygen content in GeTe-O reduces the difference in film thickness and mass density between the amorphous and crystalline states. For oxygen concentrations between 5 and 6 at.%, the amorphous material and the crystalline material have the same density. Above 6 at.% O doping, crystallisation exhibits an anomalous density change, where the volume of the crystalline state is larger than that of the amorphous. The high thermal stability and zero-density change characteristic of Oxygen-incorporated GeTe, is recommended for efficient and low stress phase change memory devices that may operate at elevated temperatures.
Dendrimer templated bioactive glass-ceramic nanovehicle for gene delivery applications
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Santhiya Deenan , Aditya Anusha , Badra Kishore
Published: June 2015

Herein, multifunctional nanocrystalline microporous 45S5 bioglass particles were synthesized using poly(amidoamine) dendrimer generation 3 as a template and evaluated for gene delivery applications.
Optimization and characterization of CLEAs of the very thermostable dimeric peroxidase from Roystonea regia
Authors: Morales Alba , Barbosa Oveimar , Rueda Nazzoly , Fonseca Zayda , Torres Rodrigo , Rodrigues Rafael C. , Ortiz Claudia , Fernandez-Lafuente Roberto
Published: June 2015

This paper describes the optimization of the immobilization of the peroxidase from Roystonea regia (RPTP) using the technique of the crosslinking enzyme aggregates.
Ultrasonic-assisted biodiesel production from waste cooking oil over novel sulfonic functionalized carbon spheres derived from cyclodextrin via one-step: a way to produce biodiesel at short reaction time
Authors: Maneechakr Panya , Samerjit Jittima , Karnjanakom Surachai
Published: June 2015

A novel sulfonated carbon derived from cyclodextrin showed high catalytic activity for the ultrasonic-assisted transesterification of waste cooking oil.
3D electrogenerated chemiluminescence: from surface-confined reactions to bulk emission
Authors: Sentic Milica , Arbault Stéphane , Bouffier Laurent , Manojlovic Dragan , Kuhn Alexander , Sojic Neso
Published: June 2015

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence is extended to the 3D by generating light at the level of millions of micro-emitters addressed remotely by bipolar electrochemistry.
Visible-light-driven BiOBr nanosheets for highly facet-dependent photocatalytic inactivation of Escherichia coli
Authors: Wu Dan , Wang Bo , Wang Wei , An Taicheng , Li Guiying , Ng Tsz Wai , Yip Ho Yin , Xiong Chunmei , Lee Hung Kay , Wong Po Keung
Published: June 2015

The efficiency of photocatalytic inactivation towards Escherichia coli K-12 is highly dependent on the dominantly exposed facets of BiOBr.
A flexible ultraviolet photodetector based on single crystalline MoO3 nanosheets
Authors: Zheng Qinghong , Huang Jin , Cao Shilin , Gao Haili
Published: June 2015

A flexible UV photodetector was fabricated based on highly crystalline MoO3 nanosheets. The photodetector exhibits high UV spectral selectivity, excellent stability, fast response speed and is able to bear significant external mechanical forces.
Multiple‐input–multiple‐output high‐order sliding mode control for a permanent magnet synchronous generator wind‐based system with grid support capabilities
Authors: Valenciaga Fernando , Fernandez Roberto Daniel
Published: June 2015

This study presents a control design for a grid connected wind energy conversion system based on a gearless PMSG. The generation system structure comprises a three blade turbine, a 2 MW multi‐pole PMSG and a full‐scale back‐to‐back frequency converter linked to the utility grid. The proposed control scheme allows following dynamical specifications taking into account operational requirements and ancillary services imposed by the recent grid connection codes, that is, reactive power regulation and fault ride‐through (FRT) capabilities. The control actions to be applied during normal grid operation are designed through second‐order sliding mode techniques using a two‐stage cascade structure. The multi‐variable controller designed attains to regulate the active and reactive powers delivered to the grid, minimising the resistive losses into the generator and maintaining important internal variables into the desired range. This controller presents attractive advantages such as robustness against unmodelled dynamics and external perturbations, finite time convergence to the sliding surfaces and chattering mitigation. To endorse the controlled system with FRT capabilities, a switching control scheme based on voltage grid measurements is also proposed. The performance of the whole control approach is analysed through representative simulations which include parameter variations, external perturbations and three‐phase voltage dips.
Analytic properties of complex Hermite polynomials
Authors: Ismail Mourad
Published: June 2015

We study the complex Hermite polynomials

{

H

m
,
n

(
z
,

z
¯

)
}

\{H_{m,n}(z, \bar z)\}

in some detail, establish operational formulas for them and prove a Kibble-Slepian type formula, which extends the Poisson kernel for these polynomials. Positivity of the associated kernels is discussed. We also give an infinite family of integral operators whose eigenfunctions are

{

H

m
,
n

(
z
,

z
¯

)
}

\{H_{m,n}(z,\bar z)\}

. Some inverse relations are also given. We give a two dimensional moment representation for

H

m
,
n

(
z
,

z
¯

)

H_{m,n}(z,\bar z)

and evaluate several related integrals. We also introduce bivariate Appell polynomials and prove that

{

H

m
,
n

(
z
,

z
¯

)
}

\{H_{m,n}(z, \bar z)\}

are the only bivariate orthogonal polynomials of Appell type.
Cross-talk between androgen receptor/filamin A and TrkA regulates neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells
Authors: Di Donato Marzia , Bilancio Antonio , D'Amato Loredana , Claudiani Pamela , Oliviero Maria Antonietta , Barone Maria Vittoria , Auricchio Alberto , Appella Ettore , Migliaccio Antimo , Auricchio Ferdinando , Castoria Gabriella
Published: June 2015

Steroids and growth factors control neuronal development through their receptors under physiological and pathological conditions. We show that PC12 cells harbor endogenous androgen receptor (AR), whose inhibition or silencing strongly interferes with neuritogenesis stimulated by the nonaromatizable synthetic androgen R1881 or NGF. This implies a role for AR not only in androgen signaling, but also in NGF signaling. In turn, a pharmacological TrkA inhibitor interferes with NGF- or androgen-induced neuritogenesis. In addition, androgen or NGF triggers AR association with TrkA, TrkA interaction with PI3-K δ, and downstream activation of PI3-K δ and Rac in PC12 cells. Once associated with AR, filamin A (FlnA) contributes to androgen or NGF neuritogenesis, likely through its interaction with signaling effectors, such as Rac. This study thus identifies a previously unrecognized reciprocal cross-talk between AR and TrkA, which is controlled by β1 integrin. The contribution of FlnA/AR complex and PI3-K δ to neuronal differentiation by androgens and NGF is also novel. This is the first description of AR function in PC12 cells.
Substance Use and the Media
Authors: Russell Cristel Antonia , Russell Dale W. , Grube Joel W.
Published: June 2015

This chapter reviews the research relating to substance use portrayals and marketing in media. Research suggests that alcohol and tobacco marketing through traditional advertising, but also through product placements in film and television and other new forms of promotion, are prevalent. Youth may be especially exposed to these marketing efforts. New interactive electronic media, including social media, mobile phones, and games are increasingly important marketing tools. Overall, there is good evidence that exposure to tobacco marketing and portrayals are related to smoking behaviors, especially among youth. Evidence regarding exposure to alcohol marketing and portrayals also indicates that it is correlated with drinking behaviors among youth. Less is known about the effects of exposure to other substance use portrayals or about new media. There is some evidence that social marketing through media campaigns or entertainment media may have socially desirable effects. Future research should focus on emerging media and marketing techniques.
The Strange Career of Fair Play, or, Warfare and Gamesmanship in the Time of Victoria
Authors: Kriegel Lara
Published: June 2015

Wars fought overseas had an indelible imprint on the Victorian home front and its cultural formations. In their responses to the Crimean War (1854–6), writers of middlebrow fiction promulgated the ideal of muscular Christianity, wherein might was deployed for purposes of right. This notion found popular expression in the ideal of the games ethic, which had at its core the quintessentially British notion of fair play. This became a preoccupation within late Victorian literature for young people, as well as a recurring motif in the popular press, particularly during the Second Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902). Although it would be subject to reversal during the Great War (1914–18), this idea would endure well into the twentieth century. As it traces the career of fair play, this essay seeks to understand the contours of Victorian culture in the later nineteenth century and the reverberations of Victorian values into the twentieth century.
Vocal Psychotherapy
Authors: Austin Diane
Published: June 2015

Vocal psychotherapy is the first model of music psychotherapy that focuses primarily on the voice. Vocal psychotherapy can be defined as the use of the breath, sounds, vocal improvisation, songs, and dialogue within a client-therapist relationship to promote intrapsychic and interpersonal growth and change. Since 2000 the Vocal psychotherapy training program in New York has been training postgraduate music therapists. This training provides the opportunity to learn the theoretical underpinnings that integrate the physical, psychological and spiritual benefits of singing, along with in-depth understanding of the theories from the fields of psychology, traumatology, addiction treatment, and psychodrama. There are now training programs in Vancouver, BC and in Seoul, Korea. An overview of Vocal psychotherapy is provided here and details of the main tenets of the approach are described, as well as techniques used in therapy sessions.
Training, Education, and Professional Issues in Music Therapy
Authors: Edwards Jane
Published: June 2015

Becoming a practitioner in music therapy occurs at multiple levels. At an individual level the student’s processes and learning are part of thisbecoming. At an interpersonal level the interactions between students as a group and in collaboration with their educators, fieldwork supervisors, and clients shape and frame the development of professional competencies. At the wider systemic level the values and processes of training are influenced by the provider institution, usually a university, and the management and department in which the music therapy training programme is housed. This systemic level also includes the external regulator such as state or national accreditation structures and the requirements of the relevant professional body. This chapter presents how the profession of music therapy has considered aspects of professionalism, professional practice, and accreditation.
Community Music Therapy
Authors: Ansdell Gary , Stige Brynjulf
Published: June 2015

This chapter provides an overview of the wide and complex territory of Community Music Therapy, orientating readers to the key events, arguments, and practices of this international movement. Characterizing CoMT as a “social movement” helps explain the particular pattern of its emergence and development, and the varying reactions to it. This also indicates how the movement critically refracts dimensions of the practice, discipline, and profession of international music therapy more generally in its late-modern phase—showing how it is adapting to the demands and opportunities of globalization, cultural plurality, economic crisis, and the restructuring and revisioning of health and social care services. In its short history CoMT has functioned variously as an inspiration for broader and more flexible practice, as a critique of traditional theory, as a platform for exploring fresh interdisciplinary theory, and as an instigator of inter-professional dialogue and dispute.
The Contributions of Syndrome Research to the Study of MLD
Authors: Mazzocco Michèle M. M.
Published: June 2015

Studies of mathematics learning disabilities (MLD) in persons with a known genetic syndrome can illustrate the heterogeneity of MLD by revealing distinct cognitive profiles linked to poor mathematics achievement. These profiles may model the development of MLD and have implications for diagnosis and intervention. This approach is evident in research on fragile X or Turner syndromes. Both syndromes have a high incidence of MLD, and their phenotypes include remarkable strengths and difficulties in select math skills. Girls with fragile X syndrome show remarkable rote knowledge that does not appear to support problem solving or conceptual mastery; at some stages, it may mask MLD. Girls with Turner syndrome have remarkably difficulty with math fluency and estimation, but untimed performance is often accurate, even under high working memory demands, suggesting unique compensatory strategies. These phenotypes have important implications for the roles of individual and developmental differences in MLD.
Indigenous Innovations on Music and Christianity at Ratana Pa
Authors: Anderson Harold
Published: June 2015

This chapter explores how Maori innovated on the music and religion that European colonialists brought to Aotearoa/New Zealand, constructing a synthesis that transcended both the European and the native. For Maori, Christianity was conceived within a framework of “cultural economy,” in which cultural misunderstandings served as resources in a process of cultural selection involving the preservation of some elements and rejection of others, to enhance power among Maori. The chapter focuses on the Ratana Church, founded by the visionary prophet T. W. Ratana in the early 20th century. Ratana purposefully used music and performance in forging his syncretic brand of Christianity, creating new repertoires aligned with his project of finding a place for Maori in the new nation. This vision continues to be celebrated each year at the powhiri (ceremony of encounter), where Aotearoa New Zealand is performed through the confluence of diverse cultures, traditions, and worldviews.
Malignant Hyperthermia Testing in Probands without Adverse Anesthetic Reaction
Authors: Timmins Matthew A. , Rosenberg Henry , Larach Marilyn Green , Sterling Carly , Kraeva Natalia , Riazi Sheila
Published: June 2015

AbstractAbstract

Approximately two thirds of patients referred for nonanesthetic reasons, including postviral chronic fatigue and muscle weakness of unknown etiology, tested positive to the caffeine–halothane contracture test (CHCT). Oral dantrolene therapy improved musculoskeletal symptoms in 82% CHCT-positive patients.

Background:

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is triggered by reactions to anesthetics. Reports link nonanesthetic-induced MH-like reactions to a variety of disorders. The objective of the authors was to retrospectively investigate the reasons for referrals for MH testing in nonanesthetic cases and assess their phenotype. In addition, the response to the administration of oral dantrolene in nonanesthetic probands with positive caffeine–halothane contracture test (CHCT) was investigated.

Methods:

Following institutional research ethics board approval, probands without reaction to anesthesia, who underwent CHCT, were selected. Clinical details and response to dantrolene were analyzed.

Results:

In total, 87 of 136 (64%) patients referred for nonanesthetic indications tested positive to the CHCT. Of these, 47 with a high creatine kinase (CK), 9 with exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis and/or exercise intolerance, 2 with high CK and exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis and/or exercise intolerance, 15 with postviral chronic fatigue, and 14 with muscle weakness of unknown etiology had a positive CHCT. These patients had a higher CK compared with those with negative CHCT. Oral dantrolene improved the musculoskeletal symptoms in 28 of 34 (82%) CHCT-positive patients. Response to treatment was associated with a significantly higher pretreatment CK and a greater posttreatment CK reduction.

Conclusions:

A positive CHCT may represent more than simply an anesthetic-related disorder. Individuals with positive CHCTs may exhibit muscle symptoms without exposure to MH-triggering anesthetics. Oral dantrolene may be useful in alleviating these symptoms.