bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological characteristics analysis of femoral neck fracture in children
Authors: Zhao Niu-Niu , Gu Xue-Lian , Dai Zhen-Zhen , Wu Chen-Chen , Zhang Tian-Yi , Li Hai
Published: July 2024

Purpose
To investigate the morphological characteristics of pediatric femoral neck fracture (FNF) from clinical cases by fracture mapping technology and to analyze the relationship between fracture classifications and age.
Methods
The CT data were collected from 46 consecutive pediatric inpatients diagnosis of FNF from March 2009 to December 2022. The fracture imaging were reconstructed in three dimensions and performed simulated anatomical reduction by Mimics and 3-matic. Both Delbet classification and Pauwels angle classification were documented according to the fracture line in each patient. Furthermore, all of the fracture lines in these patients were superimposed to form a fracture map and a heat map.
Results
This study included 24 boys and 22 girls (average age, 9.61 ± 3.17 years (4 to 16 years)). The fracture lines of anterior and superior femoral neck were found to be mainly located in the middle and lower regions of the femoral neck, while fracture lines of posterior and inferior neck were mainly concentrated in the middle region. Most children younger than 10 years had Delbet Ⅲ type of fracture (69%), whereas those older than 10 years had Delbet Ⅱ type of fracture (73%). Furthermore, most children had Pauwels angle III type of fracture (63%), especially in those over 10 years old (80%) (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
FNF in children are predominantly located in the middle and lower regions of the neck. Older children may be prone to be affected with higher fracture location of FNF or unstable type of fracture.
Correlation of Melatonin and Cortisol in Bipolar Depression: A Preliminary Small-Sample Study
Authors: Liu Yi , Chen Mengfei , Li Na
Published: July 2024

【Background】 To dynamically monitor the plasma melatonin and cortisol levels in patients with bipolar depressive episodes, to improve polysomnography, and to analyze the circadian rhythm characteristics of patients with bipolar depression, we explore the value of circadian rhythm disorders diagnosed bipolar depression.【Methods】A total of 54 subjects were included, comprising 16 cases of bipolar depression, 12 cases of unipolar depression, 11 cases of bipolar depression in remission, and 15 healthy controls. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect the plasma melatonin and cortisol levels of the four groups at 8 am, 12 am, 4 pm, 8 pm, and polysomnography were determined.
【Results】 The plasma melatonin levels at 8 am in the bipolar depression group were higher than those in the unipolar depression group at 8 am(mean difference = 22.504, t = 2.833, P = 0.014), but the plasma melatonin levels at 8pm were lower than those in the unipolar depression group at 8pm(mean difference = -2.471, t = -2.506, P = 0.006). And the plasma cortisol levels in the bipolar depressive episode group at 8 am (mean difference = 57.411, t = 2.623, P = 0.001), 12 pm (mean difference = 39.276, t = 2.879, P < 0.001), and 8 pm (mean difference = 62.692, t = 2.697, P = 0.001) were higher than those in the unipolar depression group at the same time.
【Conclusion】Patients with bipolar depression have a dysregulation of plasma melatonin and cortisol levels, with circadian rhythm disturbances, and these disturbances may contribute to the diagnosis of bipolar depression.
Dynamic ctDNA tracking stratifies individual relapse risk for early triple negative breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Liu Qiang , Li Shunying , Li Yudong , Wei Wei , Gong Chang , Wang Ting , Li Guangxin , Yao Feng , Ou Jiang-Hua , Xu Yan , Wu Wei , Jin Liang , Rao Nanyan , Nie Yan , Yu Fengyan , Jia Weijuan , Li Xingrui , Zhang Jun , Yang Hua-Wei , Yang Yaping , Wu Mengzi , Li Qin , Gong Yuhua , Li Fang , Yi Xin
Published: July 2024

Background Early Triple negative breast cancer (eTNBC) is the breast cancer subtype with the least favorable outcome. Tools to identify their individual relapse risk are in great need. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis is shown to predict the prognosis in breast cancer, but its utility in eTNBC remains unclear.Patients and methods In this prospective study, 130 eTNBC patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) were successfully enrolled. Their blood samples were taken at the baseline, post-NAC, post-surgery and during follow-up, and were subjected to tumor-guided ctDNA analysis.Results ctDNA positivity at post-NAC and post-surgery, but not at baseline, was associated with significantly worse prognosis. A threshold of 1.1% maximum variant allele frequency (MVAF) at baseline better stratified eTNBC patients with different relapse risk, which was validated both internally and externally. A systemic tumor burden model integrating baseline and post-surgery ctDNA was highly prognostic and independent of clinical characteristics. Combining systemic tumor burden with pathologic response identified a highly curable subgroup and a subgroup of high-risk eTNBC patients that need more effective adjuvant treatments. ctDNA surveillance during follow-up showed that the patients with negative ctDNA had 100% distant recurrence free survival (DRFS), but the ones with positive ctDNA had high relapse rate with relatively short lead time.Conclusions This systemic ctDNA analysis from baseline to follow-up demonstrates the utility of baseline ctDNA with a threshold and a systemic tumor burden model in risk stratification of eTNBC patients, which may guide future treatment escalation or de-escalation trials.
Active Use of Latent Constituency Representation in both Humans and Large Language Models
Authors: Ding Nai , Liu Wei , Xiang Ming
Published: July 2024

Understanding how sentences are internally represented in the human brain, as well as in large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, is a major challenge for cognitive science. Classic linguistic theories propose that the brain represents a sentence by parsing it into hierarchically organized constituents. In contrast, LLMs do not explicitly parse linguistic constituents and their latent representations remains poorly explained. Here, we demonstrate that humans and LLMs construct similar latent representations of hierarchical linguistic constituents by analyzing their behaviors during a novel one-shot learning task, in which they infer which words should be deleted from a sentence. Both humans and LLMs tend to delete a constituent, instead of a nonconstituent word string. In contrast, a naive sequence processing model that has access to word properties and ordinal positions does not show this property. Based on the word deletion behaviors, we can reconstruct the latent constituency tree representation of a sentence for both humans and LLMs. These results demonstrate that a latent tree-structured constituency representation can emerge in both the human brain and LLMs.
A New Laboratory Study on the Effect of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Cellulose Ether Dosages on the Fresh and Hardened State Properties of Sustainable Flyash Mortar
Authors: Baah Wambley Adomako , Wu Yangfeng , Imurana Abdul-Aziz
Published: July 2024

Sustainable Construction with cement-based composites implies the reduction of the negative impact of the whole construction process on the environment while achieving economic and social sustainability. Notably, multiple studies have been conducted on individual application of polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose ethers in mortars but none have considered their combined effect on flyash mortar. This study shows the effect of polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose ether on sustainable fly ash mortar's fresh and hardened state properties with defoamer and naphthalene-based water reducer. Utilizing natural river sand with particle sizes ranging from 0.08 to 5mm, cementitious mortar with up to 50% Ordinary Portland cement replacement using Class F fly ash was prepared. Characterisation of the sand reveals mud particle content (< 0.2%) for densification aid. Optimal dosages were determined: 0.6% Naphthalene-based water reducer and 0.62% defoamer of total binder weight. Excess defoamer adversely affected viscosity and bulk density, impacting fresh and hardened mortar properties. Combined polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose ether dosage not exceeding 0.37% of binder weight in the presence of water reducer and defoamer was found to avoid adverse effects. These findings offer insights for optimizing fly ash mortar formulations in sustainable engineering construction applications.
Public Perceptions Related to Healthcare Preparedness to Anti-Amyloid Therapies for Alzheimer’s Disease in Japan
Authors: Sato Kenichiro , Niimi Yoshiki , Ihara Ryoko , Iwata Atsushi , Suzuki Kazushi , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Arai Tetsuaki , Higashi Shinji , Igarashi Ataru , Kasuga Kensaku , Awata Shuichi , Iwatsubo Takeshi
Published: July 2024

Background
The approval of lecanemab, an anti-amyloid therapy for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), necessitates addressing healthcare preparedness for disease-modifying treatment (DMT) to ensure appropriate, safe, and sustainable drug administration. Understanding public perceptions on this matter is crucial. We aimed to assess discrepancies and similarities in the perceptions of Japanese trial-ready cohort study (‘J-TRC webstudy’) participants and clinical specialists in the fields of dementia treatment and radiology, concerning affairs related to challenges in DMT preparedness.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional prospective observational study conducted in November-December 2023. The J-TRC webstudy participants were invited to participate in an online survey using Google Forms, and clinical specialists were invited to complete a mail-based survey. Main questionnaire items had been designed to be common in both surveys, and their responses were analyzed for participant attributes, interests, attitudes, expectations, and concerns about DMTs without specifying lecanemab.
Results
Responses were obtained from n = 2,050 J-TRC webstudy participants and n = 1,518 clinical specialists. Compared to specialists, more J-TRC respondents perceived the eligible proportion for DMT as smaller (59.1% versus 30.7%), perceived the eligible severity for DMT as more limited (58.0% versus 24.5%), and perceived the efficacy of DMT as slightly more encouraging (29.3% versus 34.8%). In terms of treatment prioritization, both J-TRC respondents and specialist respondents exhibited similar levels of acceptance for prioritizing patients to treat: e.g., approximately two-thirds endorsed patient prioritization under hypothetical resource constraints or other reasons. A medical rationale emerged as the most compelling reason for acceptance of patient prioritization across the surveys. In contrast, the need to address vulnerable populations was the reason that led to the least acceptance of prioritization, followed by socioeconomic considerations.
Conclusions
Our findings offer valuable insights into the discrepancies in knowledge and perception between patients and healthcare providers. This could enhance the delivery of patient information in clinical settings and inform the discussion surrounding patient prioritization strategies.
Exploring Patterns of Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Consumption: An Epidemiological Study in Northwestern Iran (Urmia City, 2022)
Authors: Moharamzade Elham , Oshnouei Sima , Heidari Mohammad
Published: July 2024

Background The prevalence of methamphetamine consumption among youth in Iran is high, but there is a lack of information in provincial level. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of methamphetamine use in city of Urmia in the Northwest of Iran.
Method Data of study was collected from patients referred to the Food and Drug Administration of Urmia University of Medical Sciences between December 2021 and May 2022. We calculate the prevalence of legal Ritalin use in the city and describe the characteristics of the patients. The ordinal logistic regression model was employed to explore the moderating effects of studied factors on drug consumption levels. Analysis was done in STATA 15.
Results A total of 473 individuals sought Ritalin, with 314 (66.3%) being male. The prevalence of legal Ritalin use in Urmia during the first six months of 2022 was 85.3 per 100,000 people. The majority of individuals were under 20 years old 305 (64.4%). There was a significant difference in the age distribution between male and female (P< 0.001). The most common reason for referral was ADHD & ADD, with 354 individuals (74.8%), and the majority of visitors had an elementary and middle school education 226 (47.7%). University students mainly 34 (55.7) use Ritalin to focus on studding.
Conclusion Students are in high-risk groups for Ritalin misuse. Considering the cultural and social conditions of Iran, the actual prevalence of drug consumption are likely to be much higher than reported, to accurately estimate the volume of this problem, more extensive studies using more accurate methods are needed.
Prominent impacts of hydrologic scaling laws on climate risks
Authors: Shen Chaopeng , Song Yalan , Clark Martyn , Liu Jiangtao , Halgren James , Lawson Kathryn
Published: July 2024

Climate risk assessments typically focus on large rivers, but water availability and excess critically depend on catchment area. The enigmatic yet paramount scaling relationships have for decades remained poorly understood and thus under-represented in Earth System models. With state-of-the-art physics-informed artificial intelligence, we learned scaling relationships from >3000 basins, highlighting overlooked climate risks. Catchment-area scaling has outsized impacts on mean specific water supply (arid-basin median ~25%), groundwater ratio (~30%), and runoff climate sensitivities to temperature (>200%) and precipitation (~10%), with distinct regional patterns. In arid regions, as catchment area increases, mean streamflow supply declines by 25% (median) at ~50km length scale (increasing with aridity) when groundwater return flow balances stream water loss. Floods in headwater catchments have larger sensitivity to precipitation intensification, while baseflows downstream are more susceptible to temperature changes. Physics-informed learning demonstrates a systematic solution to spatial scaling and elucidates the fine-scale distribution of climate risks across communities.
How fear of missing out influence social networking site addiction among Chinese college students? The multiple mediating roles of basic psychological needs and imaginary audience
Authors: Yang Ning , Zhu Feng , Zhuang Linyi , Liu Ling , Bao Yujie
Published: July 2024

Background: The proliferation and advancement of social networking platforms have facilitated interpersonal connections, yet they also have an impact on our physical and mental health. Previous studies have investigated that fear of missing out (FoMO) is positively related to social networking site (SNS) addiction, but the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood.
Purposes: the present study newly introduces the concept of imaginary audience together with the factor of basic psychological needs (BPNs), to explore the mediating role of them between fear of missing out and SNS addiction that rooted in both the basis of Self-Determination Theory and Use and Gratification Theory.
Methods: In the study, Fear of Missing out Scale, Basic Psychology Needs Scale, Imaginary Audience Ideation Scale, and Social Networking Site Intrusion Scale (WeChat version) were used to investigate 1682 college students (Mage = 19.86 years, SD = 1.70) in Fujian, a province of China. The demographic variables (e.g., gender, age, online duration of participates) were controlled as covariates for conservative predictions.
Results: (a) FoMO is positively correlated with SNS addiction; (b) BPNs and imaginary audience play a parallel mediator between FoMO and SNS addiction; (c) BPNs and imaginary audience play a serial mediator between FoMO and SNS addiction.
Conclusion: Current study highlights the importance of BPNs and imaginary audience as mediators of the relationship between FOMO and SNS addiction. Moreover, the current study provides theoretical guidance about the development of intervention programs for social network addiction in future.
A Novel Real-Time Pedestrian Tracking Model Based on S-YOFEO in Complex Traffic Scenarios
Authors: Sheng Wenshun , Shen Jiahui , Huang Qiming
Published: July 2024

A real-time stable multi-target tracking method based on the enhanced You Only Look Once-v8 (YOLOv8) and the optimized Simple Online and Realtime Tracking with a Deep association metric (DeepSORT) for real-time stable multi-target tracking (S-YOFEO) is proposed with the aim of addressing the issue of target ID transformation and loss caused by the increase of practical background complexity. For the purpose of further enhancing the representation of small-scale features, a small target detection head is first introduced to the detection layer of YOLOv8 in this paper with the aim of collecting more detailed information by increasing the detection resolution of YOLOv8. Secondly, the Omni-Scale Network (OSNet) feature extraction network is implemented to enable accurate and efficient fusion of the extracted complex and comparable feature information, taking into account the restricted computational power of DeepSORT's original feature extraction network. Again, a novel adaptive forgetting Kalman filter algorithm (FSA) is devised to enhance the precision of model prediction and the effectiveness of parameter updates to adjust to the uncertain movement speed and trajectory of pedestrians in real scenarios. Following that, an accurate and stable association matching process is obtained by substituting Efficient-Intersection over Union (EIOU) for Complete-Intersection over Union (CIOU) in DeepSORT to boost the convergence speed and matching effect during association matching. Last but not least, One-Shot Aggregation (OSA) is presented as the trajectory feature extractor to deal with the various noise interferences in the complex scene. OSA is highly sensitive to information of different scales, and its one-time aggregation property substantially decreases the computational overhead of the model. According to the trial results, S-YOFEO has made some developments as its precision can reach 78.2% and its speed can reach 56.0 frames per second (FPS).
Forecasting GPU Type Allocation via Demand Feature Extraction in Heterogeneous Clusters
Authors: Wang Sheng , Shi Yumei , Chen Shiping , Liu Meng
Published: July 2024

The availability of multiple types of GPUs enhances parallel processing capabilities and provides users with a broader spectrum of options in heterogeneous GPU clusters. However, the inherent randomness and uncertainty in GPU type requests introduce complexity into resource allocation, resulting in disparities between requested and allocated GPU types and exacerbating imbalances in the GPU resource distribution. In this study, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the attributes associated with diverse GPU requests and allocations in heterogeneous clusters. By introducing the adaptive selection model (ASM), our approach not only predicts the demand for various GPU types but also extracts critical features from the resource demand. These features play a pivotal role in predicting GPU resource allocation, effectively bridging the gap between request and allocation. Moreover, we introduce spatial and temporal long short-term memory (ST-LSTM), a novel LSTM-based model that accommodates both spatial and temporal correlations in GPU type allocation. Our experimental efforts confirm the effectiveness of our proposed methodology through the utilization of real-world trace data from Alibaba cloud data centres. The ASM achieves an impressive accuracy rate of 87% and illuminates the key factors influencing user GPU type selection. Additionally, the ST-LSTM model demonstrates excellent performance with average RMSE and MAE values of 1.84 and 1.09, respectively.
The Relationship of Antimullerian Hormone with Severity of Clinical Symptoms in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: ATA CAN , ATLIHAN UFUK , AVSAR HUSEYIN AYTUG , YAVUZ ONUR , ERKILINC SELCUK , BILDACI TEVFIK BERK
Published: July 2024

Background:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder prevalent in around 6-8% of women in their reproductive years. The measurement of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) holds particular promise in discerning both the diagnosis and the extent of severity in PCOS cases. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using AMH as a potential tool for identifying and diagnosing the severity of clinical aspects associated with the syndrome.
Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 309 female patients who presented for consultation at our hospital's gynecology outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria, between January 2018 and March 2022. Data were extracted from the hospital database and systematically assessed. Patients were divided into two groups based on AMH level of 7.5 ng/ml.Clinical symptoms and findings were assessed based on AMH values.
Results:A statistically significant difference was observed between groups for the mean levels of total testosterone, androstenedione, free androgen index, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone (p < 0.05). Additionally, a statistically significant difference was noted between AMH groups and the presence of oligomenorrhea (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Even at the higher end of the spectrum, AMH retains significant value in determining the clinical aspects of PCOS.
PNPLA7 mediates Parkin-mitochondrial recruitment in adipose tissue for mitophagy and inhibits browning
Authors: Li John , ji xuetao , Zhang Xu , Zhang Tong , Xue Yao , He ping , Li pu , Huang Yun , Wang yu , Ju Jing , Cai e , Wang zhu , Wang Ning , Fan juan , Tong Hui , Fan Heng , Lu wei , Cong Li , Tang Huiru , Chang Yongsheng , Kong Xingxing , Shen Han , Liang Hui , Zhou Hongwen , Wang Qian
Published: July 2024

PINK1/Parkin-mediated ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy is a critical negative regulator for browning in iWAT. However, the precise regulatory mechanism underlying PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy during browning of iWAT remains largely unknown. Here we report that PNPLA7, an ER and mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) protein, inhibits browning of iWAT by promoting PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy upon cold challenge or β3-adrenergic receptor agonist treatment. With genetic manipulation in mice, adipose tissue overexpressing PNPLA7 proteins induces mitophagy, abolishes iWAT browning and interrupts adaptive thermogenesis. In contrast, ablation of PNPLA7 in adipose tissue promotes browning of iWAT, resulting in enhanced adaptive thermogenesis. Mechanistically, PNPLA7 interacts with Parkin to promote mitochondrial recruitment of Parkin for mitophagy activation and mitochondria degradation by disrupting PKA induced phosphorylation of Parkin under cold challenge. Taken together our findings suggest that PNPLA7 is a critical regulator of mitophagy that resist cold induced browning of iWAT, thus providing a direct mechanistic link between mitophagy and browning of iWAT.
Exploring Rock-inhabiting Microbes in Atacama Desert's Gypcrete: Raman Spectroscopy Unveils the Biomolecular Adaptations
Authors: Vitek Petr , Carmen Ascaso , Artieda Octavio , Wierzchos Jacek
Published: July 2024

The high-altitude pre-Andean region of the Atacama Desert, is characterized by its stark volcanic rock formations, hosts unique hydrothermal gypsum outcrops (gypcrete). This study delves into the biomolecular composition of endolithic phototrophic microbes thriving within these gypcretes. Using advanced Raman spectroscopy techniques, including Raman imaging, complemented by microscopic and 3D microscopic observations, we unveil new insights into the adaptive strategies of gypsum-inhabiting algae. Our Raman imaging results provide a detailed chemical map of photoprotective and photosynthetic pigments associated with microbial colonization. This map reveals a significant gradient in pigment composition, highlighting a critical survival mechanism for algae and cyanobacteria in this polyextreme environment. Intriguingly, we detected carotenoid signals not only in the algae-colonized layer but also deeper within the gypsum matrix, indicating pigment migration following cell disruption. In addition, we conducted an in-depth analysis of individual algal cells from the Trebouxiae family, noting their color variations from green to orange and describing the spectral differences in detail. This investigation identified in-vivo pigments (carotenoids, chlorophyll) and lipids at the cellular level, offering a comprehensive view of the molecular adaptations enabling life in one of Earth's most extreme habitats.
Efficacy of brivudine in the treatment of herpes zoster with diabetes and renal insufficiency following resection of left renal carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Zhang Yuren , Li Jie , Ni Qing
Published: July 2024

Diabetes and malignant tumors often lead to abnormal immune function, increasing susceptibility to herpes zoster infection and severe post-herpetic neuralgia. Renal insufficiency following renal cell carcinoma surgery can be compounded by nephrotoxic antiviral drugs. A 68-year-old man developed herpes zoster at the surgical site and severe neuralgia after left nephroureterectomy for left kidney clear cell carcinoma, which had resulted in postoperative renal insufficiency. Brivudine therapy suppressed infection, and relieved neuralgia, without affecting renal function. Short-term control of herpes, crust formation, and neuralgia relief were achieved by day 14. Nephrotoxicity should be considered when selecting antiviral drugs for such patients.
Imaging features of pediatric hepatic sclerosing epithelial fibrosarcoma
Authors: Shadmani Ghazal
Published: July 2024

Background: Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a rare variant of fibrosarcoma that has been described in fewer than a handful of pediatric patients in the literature and in almost all prior publications focused on pathology. There is no description of the imaging features of hepatic SEF in the literature.
Patient presentation: A 17-year-old female with chronic abdominal pain and pruritis was found to have a large solid mass in the right hepatic lobe on ultrasonography (US). Further imaging by contrast-enhanced MRI and FDG PET was performed. A core biopsy of the hepatic mass revealed SFE. Two months later, she underwent liver transplantation. On clinical and imaging follow-up up to 24 months after transplantation, no evidence of recurrence or metastasis was identified.
Conclusion: This paper presents the first multimodality imaging features of primary hepatic SEF in an adolescent patient.
Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Essential Oils Against Isolated Bacteria From Milk Samples
Authors: Sanchita
Published: July 2024

The consumption of food contaminated with bacteria or their toxins can result in foodborne infections or illnesses. Every year, millions of individuals worldwide are affected by this. Food manufacturers now focus on food safety as a global health objective. Secondary metabolites from aromatic and medicinal plants can be identified as essential oils. There are numerous applications for these essential oils in the fragrance, cosmetic, and culinary industries. The chemical constituents of these essential oils vary significantly based on factors such as extraction techniques, bacterial endophytes, genetics, botanical origins, and geographic origin. In this study aims that isolation and identification of Biofilm forming bacteria from raw milk samples from the local vendors Pune, Maharashtra, India. In the present study Essential Oil (EO) and its constituents, which are known to possess several antimicrobial activities. The antibacterial properties of essential oil were investigated in vitro using the agar disc diffusion method. The microdilution method was employed to examine the minimal inhibitory concentration of essential oils, as well as the minimum bactericidal concentration and biofilm inhibition activities. Both essential oils Oregano and Cinnamon bark showed potential antibacterial and antibiofilm activity out of 10 essential oils against isolated biofilm forming bacteria from milk samples.
Prevalence, types, and determinants of gender-based violence among pregnant women in Northern Uganda: A hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Okot Jerom , Anena Cinderella , Okema Nelson James , Otunnu Jerry Enock , Lamwaka Beatrice , Lutara Ian Daniel , Nsubuga Yakobo , Bongomin Felix , Pebolo Pebalo Francis , Ouma Simple ,   Denis Oryem Amuku1
Published: July 2024

Background
Gender-based violence (GBV) against women is a global health issue, affecting one in three women worldwide. Exposure to GBV during pregnancy poses significant health risks to the mother and her foetus, leading to various complications. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, types, and factors associated with GBV among pregnant women in Northern Uganda.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital's antenatal care clinic from June to August 2023. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires in English or Acholi. Participants were selected through systematic random sampling. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, partner attributes, and GBV exposure was collected. Descriptive statistics and modified Poisson regression analyses were performed using STATA 18.0. Associations between variables and GBV were reported as adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR), with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results
Among the 339 participants, the mean age (standard deviation) was 26.1(5.5) years. Overall, 73.2% (n = 248) of the participants were exposed to GBV in pregnancy. The most common form of GBV was controlling behaviour by male partners (61.9%, n = 210), followed by emotional violence (34.8%, n = 118), economic violence (29.5%, n = 100), sexual violence (28.9%, n = 98), and physical violence (16.2%, n = 55). Factors associated with GBV included being in a polygynous marriage (aPR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.03–1.31, p = 0.013), having poor (aPR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.32–1.89, p < 0.0001) or good (aPR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.03–1.51, p = 0.026) versus perfect relationship with the husband's family, week of amenorrhea (aPR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.003–1.02, p = 0.006), and maternal age (aPR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97–0.99, p = 0.003).
Conclusions
GBV during pregnancy, particularly controlling behaviour by male partners, is highly prevalent in Northern Uganda. To mitigate the negative impacts on maternal and foetal health, targeted interventions by the Ministry of Health, development partners, and other stakeholders are urgently needed to prevent and manage GBV in pregnancy.
Focus of Chinese Researchers on Traditional Elements of Brand Design and Local Elements of Logo Design in Three Asian Countries
Authors: Ding Yiyuan , Cheng Nankai , Qu Guixiang , Kong Mário Say Ming , Neto Maria João Pereira , Oliveira Fernando Jorge Matias Sanches , Jiang Puyuan
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the interaction between local culture and global market trends under globalisation through a comparative analysis of brand design in China, Vietnam, and Japan. Employing bibliometric analysis, literature review, and case study methodologies to analyse over 900 articles and several case studies, it reveals those Chinese brands merge traditional elements with modern design philosophies. In contrast, Vietnamese brands integrate significant cultural totems amidst modernisation, and Japanese brands showcase minimalism and a focus on detail. The research underscores the importance of acknowledging and respecting cultural uniqueness in brand design for effective cross-cultural communication and market positioning, offering new insights into the dynamics of globalisation and cultural identity in brand design.
Exploring the application of deep learning for super-resolution microscopy
Authors:   , Rahm Johanna Viola
Published: July 2024

Fluorescence microscopy has significantly impacted our understanding of cell biology. The extension of diffraction-unlimited super-resolution microscopy opened an observation window that allows for the scrutiny of cellular organization at a molecular level. The non-invasive nature of visible light in super-resolution microscopy methods renders them suitable for observations in living cells and organisms. Building upon these advancements, a promising synergy between super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and deep learning becomes evident, extending the capabilities of the imaging methods. Tasks such as image modality translation, restoration, single-molecule fitting, virtual labeling, spectral demixing, and molecular counting, are enabled with high precision. The techniques explored in this thesis address three critical facets in advanced microscopy, namely the reduction in image acquisition time, saving photon budget during measurement, and increasing the multiplexing capability. Furthermore, descriptors of protein distributions and their motion on cell membranes were developed.
Increasing the effectiveness of training employees of forestry enterprises in the conditions of digitization
Authors: Сиваков В. В. , Заикин А. Н.
Published: July 2024

Повышение эффективности обучения студентов высших и средних специальных учебных заведений, персонала предприятий, в том числе безопасным приемам работы, в настоящее время является актуальной задачей, так как эффективность традиционных методов обучения достаточно низкая. Цель работы – проанализировать направления использования современных цифровых технологий в области обучения специалистов лесного комплекса. Использование мультимедийных технологий, электронных курсов, видеоконтента позволяет оживить процесс обучения, а применение различных симуляторов и тренажеров, технологий дополненной и виртуальной реальности позволяет значительно повысить интерес к обучению и закрепить полученные знания и умения.

Increasing the efficiency of training for students of higher and secondary specialized educational institutions, enterprise personnel, including safe work practices, is currently an urgent task, since the effectiveness of traditional teaching methods is quite low. The purpose of the work is to analyze the directions of use of modern digital technologies in the field of training specialists in the forestry complex. The use of multimedia technologies and electronic courses makes it possible to revive the learning process, and the use of various simulators and augmented and virtual reality technologies can significantly increase interest in learning.
Influence of corrugated production processes on the strength of cardboard from neutral sulfite semichemical during its cyclic use
Authors: Кейзер П. М. , Симонова Е. И. , Быстрова А. А. , Смирнова Е. Г.
Published: July 2024

Широко используемым полуфабрикатом для получения бумаги для гофрирования и картона для плоского слоя гофрокартона является нейтральносульфитная полуцеллюлоза, получаемая из древесины лиственных пород. В работе исследовано влияние высокой температуры на прочностные свойства картона из нейтрально-сульфитной полуцеллюлозы и морфологические характеристики волокон в картоне при его цикличном использовании в процессе гофропроизводства. Показано, что в результате термического воздействия на картон с 3-го цикла переработки доминирующей становится фракция с более короткими волокнами 0,4–0,8 мм (ее увеличение составило 13%), взамен фракции с волокнами 0,8–1,2 мм (снижение которой составило 7,6%). Установлено, что в результате шести циклов переработки с применением высоких температур, имитирующих процессы гофрообразования у картона из НСПЦ в меньшей степени снижаются прочностные показатели, чем у картона из сульфатной небеленой хвойной целлюлозы. Это позволяет предположить, что лигноуглеводный комплекс нейтрально-сульфитной полуцеллюлозы препятствует интенсивному термическому разложению целлюлозы. Поэтому термопластические свойства лигнина можно использовать без опасности сильной деструкции целлюлозных волокон и снижения прочностных показателей картона, что приведет к увеличению количества циклов переработки картона. В целом нейтрально-сульфитная полуцеллюлоза обладает более высоким потенциалом для вторичной переработки в гофропроизводстве, чем сульфатная небеленая хвойная целлюлоза нормального выхода.

A widely used first stuff for fluting and linerboard is neutral-sulfite semichemical obtained from hardwood. The paper studies the effect of high temperature on the strength properties of neutral sulfite semichemical board, and the morphological characteristics of the fibers in the board during its multicycle use in the process of corrugated production. It is shown that as a result of thermal influence on cardboard after 3 cycles of processing the fraction with shorter fibers (0,4–0,8 mm) becomes dominant, its increase was 13%, instead of fraction with fibers 0,8–1,2 mm, decrease of which was 7,6%. It was found that as a result of six cycles of processing at high temperatures simulating the corrugation process, the strength properties of paperboard made of neutral-sulfite semichemical decreased to a lesser extent than those of paperboard made of unbleached softwood sulfate pulp. This suggests that the lignin-carbohydrate complex of neutral sulfite semi-cellulose prevents intensive thermal destruction of cellulose. Therefore, the thermoplastic properties of lignin can be used without the danger of severe degradation of cellulose fibers and reduction of strength properties of cardboard, which will increase the number of cardboard processing cycles. In general, neutral sulfite semichemical pulp has a higher potential for recycling in corrugated production than unbleached sulfate softwood pulp of normal yield.
Comparative analysis of the forest climatic standards REDD+
Authors: Лобовиков М. А. , Прядилина Н. К.
Published: July 2024

Стандарт по выбросам парниковых газов подразумевает набор правил и процедур для оценки выбросов парниковых газов (ПГ). Наиболее известные стандарты включают VCS (Верифицированный углеродный стандарт), CCB (Климат, сообщество и биоразнообразие), VCS+CCB, платформу REDD.plus механизма REDD+, FCPF Всемирного банка (Фонд партнерства по лесному углероду), ART TREES (Стандарт экологического совершенства REDD+ под управлением корпорации Архитектура для Транзакций REDD+), CAR (Регистр по борьбе с изменением климата) и GS (Золотой стандарт). Для сравнительного анализа эти стандарты анализируются и оцениваются по ряду критериев и индикаторов (КиИ). Критериями являются: базовый уровень, дополнительность, постоянство, утечка, неопределенность, гнездование (нестинг), двойной учет, гарантии, регистр, мониторинг и проверка, управление и учет, права человека. Сравнительный анализ обеспечивает основу для качественной оценки углеродных квот, продаваемых на мировых углеродных рынках.

The GHG standard implies a set of rules and procedures for the greenhouse gas (GHG) assessment. The most prominent standards include VCS (Verified Carbon Standard), CCB (Climate, Community and Biodiversity), VCS+CCB, REDD.plus platform of the REDD+ mechanism, World Bank FCPF (Forest Carbon Partnership Facility), ART (Architecture for REDD+ Transactions) TREES (The REDD+ Environmental Excellence Standard), CAR (Climate Action Reserve), and GS (Gold Standard). For comparative analysis, these standards are analyzed and evaluated against a series of criteria. These criteria are: Baseline, Additionality, Permanence, Leakage, Uncertainty, Nesting, Double Counting, Safeguards, Registry, Monitoring and Verification, Governance and Accounting, Human Rights. Comparative analysis provides basis for the evaluation of the carbon credits traded in the current carbon markets.
Heavy metal accumulation in the phytomass of plants in the Bolshoy Yugan River valley, Surgut District, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra
Authors: Kravchenko I. V. , Mulyukin M. A. , Petrova Yu. Yu. , Shepeleva L. F.
Published: July 2024

Processes of heavy metal accumulation in plants are increasingly attracting research attention due to the high toxicity of such substances. The pollutants accumulated in the aerial (green leaves, stems, inflorescences) and underground (roots) mass of plants cause oxidative stress associated with the production of reactive oxygen species.

   In this work, we investigate the accumulation of heavy metals (nickel, lead, chromium, and cadmium) in the aerial mass of plants growing in the Surgut district of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra.

   In total, leaves from 15 plant species widespread in the studied area were collected for elemental analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy. About 6–7 mg/kg of nickel was found in the green mass of reed canary grass and heal-all (Prunella vulgaris), which exceeds significantly the nickel amount in the aerial mass of сouch grass, marsh bedstraw, and broadleaf plantain. The aerial parts of reed canary grass and broadleaf plantain were found to accumulate more than 4 mg/kg of lead, while those of bladder sedge, сouch grass, and marsh bedstraw accumulate about 2–3 mg/kg of chromium. More than 2 mg/kg of cadmium was found in сouch grass. The results obtained were used to compile series of accumulation of elements in the aerial parts of floodplain plant species. The content of the studied heavy metals in the aerial phytomass of all studied plants, except for сouch grass, ranges within standard values, corresponding to their maximum permissible concentrations.
Preliminary hydrothermal treatment and steam explosion of cellulosic feedstock for the subsequent biotechnological transformation: A review
Authors: Gladysheva E. K.
Published: July 2024

The use of renewable sources of cellulosic feedstock to produce high value-added products is a relevant issue. Cellulosic feedstock constitutes a natural matrix comprising cellulose (38–50 %), lignin (10–25 %), and hemicel-luloses (23–32 %). In order to break it down, pretreatment involving the removal of hemicelluloses and lignin is required. This process can change the chemical composition and structure of cellulose while increasing porosity. This review article provides an analysis of data on the hydrothermal treatment and steam explosion of cellulosic feedstock (sunflower straw, lawn grass, poplar sawdust, hay, reed, aspen, giant reed, silage, etc.) intended to convert it into substrates for the synthesis of biotechnological products (protein, biohydrogen, biogas, levulinic acid, methane, lactic acid, ethanol, and succinic acid). Hydrothermal treatment involves treating raw materials at 160–240 °С in water under high pressure. Pressure keeps water in a liquid state. During steam explosion, feedstock is treated with steam at a moderate temperature and pressure for a certain amount of time. Then, the pressure is rapidly released, and the fibers of cellulosic feedstock expand. The effectiveness of hydrothermal treatment and steam explosion depends both on the type of feedstock (chemical composition, solids concentration, and properties of solids) as well as on the conditions of hydrothermal treatment and steam explosion.
Regularities in mercury cation sorption by a lignin-based sulfur-containing sorbent
Authors: Aslamova V. S. , Golovkova E. A. , Shneygelberger E. A. , Aslamov A. A.
Published: July 2024

The unfavorable environmental situation in the town of Usolye-Sibirskoye (Irkutsk Oblast, Russia) determines the relevance of investigating and applying a new lignin-based sulfur-containing sorbent for purification of groundwater from mercury compounds.

   The sorbent was synthesized on the basis of waste products of epichlorohydrin (1,2,3-trichloropropane), sulfur, and lignin. The IR spectrum of the sorbent under study showed the presence of an S–S bond in the region of 445–465 cm-1. Intensive absorption of Hg2+ ions in the regions of 2800–2950 cm-1 (valence vibrations of C–H bonds in CH and CH2 groups) and 1460 cm-1 (deformation vibrations in CH2 group) was observed. Absorption of Hg2+ ions by lignin fragments was accompanied by a change in the vibration band of S–S bonds, which splits into two bands of higher frequencies than the νS–S band in the original sorbent. The optimum sulfur content, which ensures the maximum sorption activity of the sorbent, was found to be 53.25%. The mercury sorption isotherms at 20 and 60 °C are described by parabolic dependencies with determination coefficients of 98.9 and 98.6 %, respectively. The kinetic curve at 20 °C and 40 °C is approximated by a hyperbola and a cubic polynomial with determination coefficients of 97.9 and 96.2 %, respectively. The reaction order (first order at 20 °C and second order at 40 °C) and the reaction rate constant (0.0876 min-1 at 20 °C and 0.00014 min-1 at 40 °C) were determined. At 20 °C, the sorption rate of Hg2+ was established to be significantly higher and the sorption time to be faster than those at 40 °C. Therefore, mercury sorption by the proposed sorbent should be carried out at 20 °C in order to reduce energy consumption.
Innovative in-place repair technology for assembles in marine, railway, and road transport, as well as industrial equipment in the Arctic: Practical application
Authors: Pavlov O. G. , Dunaev A. V. , Lavrov Yu. G. , Tseyko A. P. , Sharifullin S. N. , Aratsky P. B. , Shilin M. B.
Published: July 2024

For forty years, serpentine-based tribological compounds have been successfully used in sea and river vessels, on railroads, in agricultural machinery, in a wide range of industrial equipment, as well as in passenger and freight road transport. The article presents only some practical results of using serpentinebased friction geomodifi s in technical equipment that can be used in the development of the Arctic, as well as in ships on the Northern Sea Route.
Lithology of surface sediments in the East-Siberian Sea based on geological mapping
Authors: Ryabchuk D. V. , Kovaleva O. A. , Sergeev A. Yu. , Zhamoida V. A. , Grigoriev A. G. , Budanov L. M. , Nesterova E. N. , Neevin I. A. , Dron O. V.
Published: July 2024

New data on the lithology of surface sediments in the coastal areas of the East-Siberian Sea (between Wrangel and Novaya Sibir islands), obtained within the framework of the state geological mapping at the scale of 1:1M, was used to clarify the distribution of granulometric types, mineral composition, and geochemistry of surface seabed sediments in this area. The main sources of sedimentary material and sedimentation patterns of the coastal part of the Western and Eastern sectors of the East-Siberian Sea were considered. An important factor determining sediment redistribution along the seabed, violating the regularities of mechanical differentiation of matter, consists in the plowing of the seabed surface by drifting ice to depths of 50 m.
Araçlarda CO2 Emisyonlarının Farklı Yapay Sinir Ağı Modelleri Kullanılarak Tahminlerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Aslan Emrah
Published: July 2024

İklim değişikliği, insanlık için en büyük çevresel tehlikelerden biridir. İklim değişikliğinde karbondioksit (CO2), sera etkisinin başlıca sebeplerindendir. Ulaşım sektörü, büyük CO2 emisyon kaynaklarından birini oluşturmaktadır. Bu makale, araçlarının anlık CO2 emisyonlarını tahmin etmek için bir yapay sinir ağı (YSA) modeli sunmaktadır. Araçlarda CO2 emisyonlarını tahmin etmek için Linear Regresyon, XGBoost Regresör ve K-Nearest Neighbours Regresörü olmak üzere üç regresyon modeli kullanılarak kapsamlı bir yaklaşım kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, araçlardaki CO2 emisyonlarını tahmin etmek ve analiz etmek için bu yapay sinir ağlarının yeteneklerinden yararlanmaya odaklanmaktadır. Farklı modellerin kullanılması, doğruluk ve verimlilik açısından performanslarının karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Yüksek doğruluk ve uygulanabilirlik sağlayan bu yöntem, motor hacmi, silindiri, şehir içi ve şehir dışı yakıt tüketimi gibi parametreler ile egzoz emisyonlarının öngörücüleri olarak kullanmaktadır. Her parametrenin emisyon tahminlerine olan önemi, test ve eğitim doğruluğu, kök ortalama kare hatası, ortalama mutlak hata, R2 skor gibi sonuçlar karşılaştırılarak kapsamlı bir şekilde analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, özellikle araç emisyonları bağlamında CO2 emisyon tahmin metodolojilerinin ilerlemesine katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu araştırmanın bulguları, ulaştırma sektöründe karbon ayak izlerini azaltmak için sürdürülebilir çözümler arayan politika yapıcılar, çevreciler ve otomotiv mühendisleri için önem taşımaktadır.