bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facebook as a Medium for the Support and Enhancement of Ambulatory Care for People With Diabetes: Qualitative Realist Evaluation of a Real-World Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Cleal Bryan , Willaing Ingrid , Hoybye Mette T , Thomsen Henrik H
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

There is a growing focus on the potential uses, benefits, and limitations of social media in the context of health care communication. In this study, we have sought to evaluate an initiative pioneered at a hospital in Denmark that uses Facebook to support and enhance patient-provider communication about diabetes.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to evaluate the success of the trial according to its initial objectives and to assess its potential scalability.

METHODS

The study was undertaken in a clinic for diabetes and hormonal diseases at a large regional hospital in Denmark. Using a realist evaluation approach, we identified 4 key components in the program theory of the initiative, which we formulated as context-mechanism-outcome configurations (eg, complex and iterative chains of causality). These configurations informed data gathering and analysis. Primary data sources were the activity and content in the Facebook group, in the form of posts, likes, and comments, and interviews with patients (n=26) and staff (n=6) at the clinic.

RESULTS

New developments in diabetes technology were the most popular posts in the forum, judged by number of likes and comments. Otherwise, information specific to the clinic received the most attention. All 4 components of the program theory were compromised to varying degrees, either as a result of failings in the anticipated mechanisms of change or contextual factors derived from the mode of implementation.

CONCLUSIONS

Social media serves well as a conduit for imagining positive change, but this can be a strength and weakness when attempting to enact change via concrete interventions, where stakeholder expectations may be unreasonably high or incompatible. Nonetheless, such initiatives may possess intangible benefits difficult to measure in terms of cost-effectiveness.
How Specialist Aftercare Impacts Long-Term Readmission Risks in Elderly Patients With Metabolic, Cardiac, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases: Cohort Study Using Administrative Data (Preprint)
Authors: Kaleta Michaela , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Klimek Peter
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

The health state of elderly patients is typically characterized by multiple co-occurring diseases requiring the involvement of several types of health care providers.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to quantify the benefit for multimorbid patients from seeking specialist care in terms of long-term readmission risks.

METHODS

From an administrative database, we identified 225,238 elderly patients with 97 different diagnosis (ICD-10 codes) from hospital stays and contact with 13 medical specialties. For each diagnosis associated with the first hospital stay, we used multiple logistic regression analysis to quantify the sex-specific and age-adjusted long-term all-cause readmission risk (hospitalizations occurring between 3 months and 3 years after the first admission) and how specialist contact impacts these risks.

RESULTS

Men have a higher readmission risk than women (mean difference over all first diagnoses 1.9%, P<.001), but similar reduction in readmission risk after receiving specialist care. Specialist care can reduce readmission risk by almost 50%. We found the greatest reductions in risk when the first hospital stay was associated with diagnoses corresponding to complex chronic diseases such as acute myocardial infarction (57.6% reduction in readmission risk, SE 7.6% for men [m]; 55.9% reduction, SE 9.8% for women [w]), diabetic and other retinopathies (m: 62.3%, SE 8.0; w: 60.1%, SE 8.4%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (m: 63.9%, SE 7.8%; w: 58.1%, SE 7.5%), disorders of lipoprotein metabolism (m: 64.7%, SE 3.7%; w: 63.8%, SE 4.0%), and chronic ischemic heart diseases (m: 63.6%, SE 3.1%; w: 65.4%, SE 3.0%).

CONCLUSIONS

Specialist care can greatly reduce long-term readmission risk for patients with chronic and multimorbid diseases. Further research is needed to identify the specific reasons for these findings and to understand the detected sex-specific differences.
Evaluating the Implementation of a Remote-Monitoring Program for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Qualitative Methods from a Service Design Perspective (Preprint)
Authors: van Lieshout Florence , Yang Rebecca , Stamenova Vess , Agarwal Payal , Cornejo Palma Daniel , Sidhu Aman , Engel Katrina , Erwood Adam , Bhatia R Sacha , Bhattacharyya Onil , Shaw James
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Implementing digital health technologies is complex but can be facilitated by considering the features of the tool that is being implemented, the team that will use it, and the routines that will be affected.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to assess the implementation of a remote-monitoring initiative for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Ontario, Canada using the Tool+Team+Routine framework and to refine this approach to conceptualize the adoption of technologies in health care.

METHODS

This study was a qualitative research project that took place alongside a randomized controlled trial comparing a technology-enabled self-monitoring program with a technology-enabled self- and remote-monitoring program in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and with standard care. This study included interviews with 5 remote-monitoring patients, 3 self-monitoring patients, 2 caregivers, 5 health care providers, and 3 hospital administrators. The interview questions were structured around the 3 main concepts of the Tool+Team+Routine framework.

RESULTS

Findings emphasized that (1) technologies can alter relationships between providers and patients, and that these relationships drove the development of a new service arising from the technology, in our case, and (2) technologies can create additional work that is not visible to management as a result of not being considered within the scope of the service.

CONCLUSIONS

Literature on the implementation of digital health technologies has still not reconciled the importance of interpersonal relationships to conventional implementation strategies. By acknowledging the centrality of such relationships, implementation teams can better plan for the adaptations required in order to make new technologies work for patients and health care providers. Further work will need to address how specific individuals administering a remote-monitoring program work to build relationships, and how these relationships and other sources of activity might lead to technological scope creep—an unanticipated expanding scope of work activities in relation to the function of the tool.
The Effect of 360° Virtual Reality versus 2-Dimensional Video Reviews on History Taking and Physical Examination Skills Learning in Undergraduate Medical Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Chao Yi-Ping , Kang Chung-Jan , Hsieh Ming-Ju , Chang Yu-Che , Fang Tuan-Jen , Li Hsueh-Yu , Kuo Terry B.J. , Yang Cherry C.H. , Shyu Liang-Yu , Lee Li-Ang , Huang Chung-Guei
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

History taking and physical examination (H&P) is an important core competency of undergraduate medical education. Recent advances in virtual reality (VR) simulation, lowering the complexity of learning tasks and the cognitive load of the learners, make this novel technology well suited for the initial training of novices. Reduced heart rate variation (HRV) is associated with decreased cognitive efficiency. Whether a 360° VR video review can impact learning outcome, cognitive load, and HRV while learning H&P skills in undergraduate medical students is unknown.

OBJECTIVE

We explored the effectiveness of 360° VR versus 2-dimensional (2D) video review to learn H&P skills with regards to learning outcome, cognitive load, and HRV.

METHODS

In 2018, we randomly assigned (1:1) 64 undergraduate medical students to either a 360° VR or 2D video group (matched by age, sex, and cognitive style) with allocation concealment to learn H&P skills using VR headsets and controllers. Subsequently, the participants each performed a focused H&P with a real outpatient. Two raters used the Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX) and Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) questionnaires to assess the participants’ performance blindly. The Cognitive Load Component questionnaire and a portable electrocardiogram monitor were used to measure cognitive load and HRV, respectively.

RESULTS

All participants completed the study (mean age=24.2 years, standard deviation=0.9 years; 44 [69%] males and 20 [31%] females). The physical examination and student’s satisfaction scores (Mini-CEX), total DOPS score, total and intrinsic cognitive load scores, and standard deviation of normal to normal R-R intervals in the 360° VR video group were significantly higher than those in the 2D video group (effect size=0.63, 0.56, 0.72, 0.53, 0.67, and 0.52, respectively). Differences in the other aspects of the Mini-CEX and cognitive loads of both groups were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides a high level of evidence to confirm that 360° VR video review can help undergraduate medical students to perform fundamental H&P skills as effectively as traditional 2D video review. Furthermore, a 360° VR video review could be used to more efficiently examine the body of a real patient with higher learner’s satisfaction. These findings may inspire the design of 360° VR video-based training protocols to enhance competencies other than history taking.

CLINICALTRIAL

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03501641; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03501641 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/72f59ImWm)
Classification of Lexile Level Reading Load Using the K-Means Clustering and Random Forest Method
Authors: Rosyid Harits Ar , Pujianto Utomo , Yudhistira Moch Rajendra
Published: February 2020

There are various ways to improve the quality of someone's education, one of them is reading. By reading, insight and knowledge of various kinds of things can increase. But, the ability and someone's understanding of reading is different. This can be a problem for readers if the reading material exceeds his comprehension ability. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the load of reading material using Lexile Levels. Lexile Levels are a value that gives a size the complexity of reading material and someone's reading ability. Thus, the reading material will be classified based a value on the Lexile Levels. Lexile Levels will cluster the reading material into 2 clusters which is easy, and difficult. The clustering process will use the k-means method. After the clustering process, reading material will be classified using the reading load Random Forest method. The k-means method was chosen because of the method has a simple computing process and fast also. Random Forest algorithm is a method that can build decision tree and it’s able to build several decision trees then choose the best tree. The results of this experiment indicate that the experiment scenario uses 2 cluster and SMOTE and GIFS preprocessing are carried out shows good results with an accuracy of 76.03%, precision of 81.85% and recall of 76.05%.
Analytical Closed-Form Solution for General Factor with Many Variables
Authors: Lipovetsky Stan , Manewitsch Vladimir
Published: February 2020

The factor analytic triad method of one-factor solution gives the explicit analytical form for a common latent factor built by three variables. The current work considers analytical presentation of a general latent factor constructed in a closed-form solution for multivariate case. The results can be supportive to theoretical description and practical application of latent variable modeling, especially for big data because the analytical closed-form solution is not prone to data dimensionality.
Modelos de capital intelectual a nivel empresarial y su aporte en la creación de valor
Authors: Gómez-Bayona Ledy , Londoño-Montoya Erika , Mora-González Beatriz
Published: February 2020

En las organizaciones, el capital intelectual ha venido ganando importancia en la valorización de los procesos en los que se involucra el capital humano, relacional y estructural. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el capital intelectual, sus componentes, la creación de valor y los métodos financieros desarrollados para su medición. La metodología utilizada se basó en una revisión de literatura, en cuyo resultado se evidencian aspectos clave para la implementación de modelos de capital intelectual y su aplicabilidad en el sector empresarial. Como conclusión, se plantea la importancia de la identificación del capital intelectual como activo principal para la generación de valor en las empresas.
Intellectual Capital, Bank Size, Bank Market Share, and Efficiency of Conventional Banks in Indonesia
Authors: Rahmat SIP., M.H.
Published: February 2020

This study aims to empirically examine the effect of intellectual capital, bank size, and market share on the efficiency of commercial banks in Indonesia from 2013 to 2017. The results of a panel data analysis of two models show that intellectual capital (calculated simultaneously or individually per component), bank size, and market share have a significant effect on bank efficiency, as confirmed by a fixed-effect regression model. Said model indicates that the year-to-year effect of the independent variables is influenced by individual bank differences. In other words, dissimilar characteristics of banks’ intellectual capital and its components determine the effect of said variables on bank efficiency. Likewise, the asset ownership and market share of banks also distinguish their behavior in terms of bank efficiency.
INCIDÊNCIA DA PARACOCCIDIOIDOMICOSE NO ESTADO DE RONDÔNIA - 2011 A 2014
Authors: Toyotani Bruna Janaina Silveira , Souza Elton Bill Amaral de
Published: February 2020

A Paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é uma micose sistêmica de evolução crônica, sendo considerada dentre outras a mais importante do Brasil, que representa a área de maior endemicidade no mundo, com 80% dos casos. Por não ser doença de notificação compulsória, não permite o real conhecimento da magnitude do problema. O presente artigo buscou analisar o perfil epidemiológico da PCM em Rondônia entre 2011 e 2014.  Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, 364 fichas de notificação de pacientes com diagnóstico para PCM. A coleta dos dados foi realizada pelo Programa Estadual de Controle da PCM.  Os dados encontravam-se tabulados em planilha.   A partir da análise dos dados foi possível concluir que há uma maior incidência de PCM na cidade de Porto Velho e região central de Rondônia; que há uma predominância da incidência em trabalhadores rurais e no sexo masculino; houve um aumento de patamar de incidência 2011-2012; que ocorreu uma sazonalidade em janeiro, fevereiro, março e outubro; que há uma proeminência da doença na faixa etária de 40 a 59 anos de idade.
Sustainable development of pressure equipment using 3D Digital Image Correlation method
Authors: Popovic Dejana , Mitrovic Nenad , Petrovic Aleksandar , Milosevic Milos , Momcilovic Nikola
Published: February 2020

As pressure equipment is most commonly used in various industrial fields, making manufacturing processes eco-friendlier (e.g., mass reduction of the final product, material and energy savings, etc.) and transitioning to sustainable production by developing eco-innovative products will have a positive effect on the environment. The aim of this paper is to analyze globe valve housing exposed to internal pressure using full-field experimental 3D digital image correlation (3D-DIC) method and numerical strain and stress data in order to propose improvements for more sustainable development, with respect to practical engineering application of EN standards. The highest von Mises strain values around 0.03% were measured on the point of highest geometrical discontinuity, sphere/cylinder intersection. Stresses of the examined globe valve using numerical and theoretical approach are significantly below material yield limit and allowable stress for internal pressure values of 30 bar, that is significantly higher than nominal operating pressure of 6 bar, proving that structure is over-dimensioned and can be optimized. New experimental procedure development and application in full-field strain analysis contributes to increased valve housing reliability, mass reduction and material and energy savings during manufacturing which directly affects its eco-friendliness, lowers manufacturing price and increases market competitiveness.
Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study
Authors: Braffett Barbara H. , Gubitosi-Klug Rose A. , Albers James W. , Feldman Eva L. , Martin Catherine L. , White Neil H. , Orchard Trevor J. , Lopes-Virella Maria , Lachin John M. , Pop-Busui Rodica ,   the DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: February 2020

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study demonstrated that intensive glucose control reduced the risk of developing diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). We evaluated multiple risk factors and phenotypes associated with DPN and CAN in this large, well-characterized cohort of participants with type 1 diabetes, followed for >23 years. DPN was defined by symptoms, signs, and nerve conduction study abnormalities in ≥2 nerves; CAN was assessed using standardized cardiovascular reflex tests. Generalized estimating equation models assessed the association of DPN and CAN with individual risk factors measured repeatedly. During DCCT/EDIC, 33% of participants developed DPN and 44% CAN. Higher mean HbA1c was the most significant risk factor for DPN, followed by older age, longer duration, greater height, macroalbuminuria, higher mean pulse rate, β-blocker use, and sustained albuminuria. The most significant risk factor for CAN was older age, followed by higher mean HbA1c, sustained albuminuria, longer duration of type 1 diabetes, higher mean pulse rate, higher mean systolic blood pressure, β-blocker use, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, higher most recent pulse rate, and cigarette smoking. These findings identify risk factors and phenotypes of participants with diabetic neuropathy that can be used in the design of new interventional trials and for personalized approaches to neuropathy prevention.
Association Between the Use of Antidepressants and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Large, Population-Based Cohort Study in Japan
Authors: Miidera Hiroyuki , Enomoto Minori , Kitamura Shingo , Tachimori Hisateru , Mishima Kazuo
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to reveal the associations between the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes and the duration of antidepressant use and the antidepressant dose, and between antidepressant use after diabetes onset and clinical outcomes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In this large-scale retrospective cohort study in Japan, new users of antidepressants (exposure group) and nonusers (nonexposure group), aged 20–79 years, were included between 1 April 2006 and 31 May 2015. Patients with a history of diabetes or receipt of antidiabetes treatment were excluded. Covariates were adjusted by using propensity score matching; the associations were analyzed between risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes and the duration of antidepressant use/dose of antidepressant in the exposure and nonexposure groups by using Cox proportional hazards models. Changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level were examined in groups with continuous use, discontinuation, or a reduction in the dose of antidepressants.

RESULTS

Of 90,530 subjects, 45,265 were in both the exposure and the nonexposure group after propensity score matching; 5,225 patients (5.8%) developed diabetes. Antidepressant use was associated with the risk of diabetes onset in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The adjusted hazard ratio was 1.27 (95% CI 1.16–1.39) for short-term low-dose and 3.95 (95% CI 3.31–4.72) for long-term high-dose antidepressant use. HbA1c levels were lower in patients who discontinued or reduced the dose of antidepressants (F[2,49] = 8.17; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Long-term antidepressant use increased the risk of type 2 diabetes onset in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Glucose tolerance improved when antidepressants were discontinued or the dose was reduced after diabetes onset.
Diabetes Prevalence and Its Relationship With Education, Wealth, and BMI in 29 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Seiglie Jacqueline A. , Marcus Maja-Emilia , Ebert Cara , Prodromidis Nikolaos , Geldsetzer Pascal , Theilmann Michaela , Agoudavi Kokou , Andall-Brereton Glennis , Aryal Krishna K. , Bicaba Brice Wilfried , Bovet Pascal , Brian Garry , Dorobantu Maria , Gathecha Gladwell , Gurung Mongal Singh , Guwatudde David , Msaidié Mohamed , Houehanou Corine , Houinato Dismand , Jorgensen Jutta Mari Adelin , Kagaruki Gibson B. , Karki Khem B. , Labadarios Demetre , Martins Joao S. , Mayige Mary T. , Wong-McClure Roy , Mwangi Joseph Kibachio , Mwalim Omar , Norov Bolormaa , Quesnel-Crooks Sarah , Silver Bahendeka K. , Sturua Lela , Tsabedze Lindiwe , Wesseh Chea Stanford , Stokes Andrew , Atun Rifat , Davies Justine I. , Vollmer Sebastian , Bärnighausen Till W. , Jaacks Lindsay M. , Meigs James B. , Wexler Deborah J. , Manne-Goehler Jennifer
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes is a rapidly growing health problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but empirical data on its prevalence and relationship to socioeconomic status are scarce. We estimated diabetes prevalence and the subset with undiagnosed diabetes in 29 LMICs and evaluated the relationship of education, household wealth, and BMI with diabetes risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We pooled individual-level data from 29 nationally representative surveys conducted between 2008 and 2016, totaling 588,574 participants aged ≥25 years. Diabetes prevalence and the subset with undiagnosed diabetes was calculated overall and by country, World Bank income group (WBIG), and geographic region. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risk (RR).

RESULTS

Overall, prevalence of diabetes in 29 LMICs was 7.5% (95% CI 7.1–8.0) and of undiagnosed diabetes 4.9% (4.6–5.3). Diabetes prevalence increased with increasing WBIG: countries with low-income economies (LICs) 6.7% (5.5–8.1), lower-middle-income economies (LMIs) 7.1% (6.6–7.6), and upper-middle-income economies (UMIs) 8.2% (7.5–9.0). Compared with no formal education, greater educational attainment was associated with an increased risk of diabetes across WBIGs, after adjusting for BMI (LICs RR 1.47 [95% CI 1.22–1.78], LMIs 1.14 [1.06–1.23], and UMIs 1.28 [1.02–1.61]).

CONCLUSIONS

Among 29 LMICs, diabetes prevalence was substantial and increased with increasing WBIG. In contrast to the association seen in high-income countries, diabetes risk was highest among those with greater educational attainment, independent of BMI. LMICs included in this analysis may be at an advanced stage in the nutrition transition but with no reversal in the socioeconomic gradient of diabetes risk.
Impact of Glucose Level on Micro- and Macrovascular Disease in the General Population: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Emanuelsson Frida , Marott Sarah , Tybjærg-Hansen Anne , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Benn Marianne
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate whether high glucose levels in the normoglycemic range and higher have a causal genetic effect on risk of retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, chronic kidney disease (CKD), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and myocardial infarction (MI; positive control) in the general population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This study applied observational and one-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to individual-level data from 117,193 Danish individuals, and validation by two-sample MR analyses on summary-level data from 133,010 individuals from the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-Related Traits Consortium (MAGIC), 117,165 from the CKDGen Consortium, and 452,264 from the UK Biobank.

RESULTS

Observationally, glucose levels in the normoglycemic range and higher were associated with high risks of retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, PAD, and MI (all P for trend <0.001). In genetic causal analyses, the risk ratio for a 1 mmol/L higher glucose level was 2.01 (95% CI 1.18–3.41) for retinopathy, 2.15 (1.38–3.35) for neuropathy, 1.58 (1.04–2.40) for diabetic nephropathy, 0.97 (0.84–1.12) for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, 1.19 (0.90–1.58) for PAD, and 1.49 (1.02–2.17) for MI. Summary-level data from the MAGIC, the CKDGen Consortium, and the UK Biobank gave a genetic risk ratio of 4.55 (95% CI 2.26–9.15) for retinopathy, 1.48 (0.83–2.66) for peripheral neuropathy, 0.98 (0.94–1.01) for eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and 1.23 (0.57–2.67) for PAD per 1 mmol/L higher glucose level.

CONCLUSIONS

Glucose levels in the normoglycemic range and higher were prospectively associated with a high risk of retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, PAD, and MI. These associations were confirmed in genetic causal analyses for retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, and MI, but they could not be confirmed for PAD and seemed to be refuted for eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2.
Dentin Staining Caused by Nano-silver Fluoride: A Comparative Study
Authors: Espíndola-Castro LF , Rosenblatt A , Galembeck A , Monteiro GQM
Published: February 2020

Clinical Relevance

The new formulations of nano-silver fluoride caused less dentin staining than the already available commercial agents 35% silver fluoride and silver diamine fluoride at 30% and 38%.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the dentin staining potential of nano-silver fluoride (NSF 600 and 1500 ppm) compared with the following commercially available cariostatic agents: Advantage Arrest (Elevate Oral Care, West Palm Beach, FL, USA), Riva Star (SDI, Victoria, Australia), and Cariestop (Biodinâmica, Paraná, Brazil). Seventy-five extracted human molars were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction, and the occlusal enamel was removed for exposure of coronary dentin. The samples were divided among the five agents tested (n=15). The dentin staining (ΔE/ΔL) was analyzed with a digital spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade, VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) at three different time points (before application, after two weeks, and after four weeks). Photographic images were also performed. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests compared the mean ΔE and ΔL values between groups. The NSF 600 and 1500 ppm resulted in the smallest color change (ΔE=1.02 and 1.53) and dentin staining after four weeks (ΔL=−0.76 and −1.2). The new formulations differed significantly from the commercial cariostatic agents (p<0.001). NSF might be an alternative to silver diamine fluoride since it does not compromise esthetics.
Täydentävien ja vaihtoehtoisten (CAM) hoitojen käyttö Suomessa
Authors: Vuolanto Pia , Kemppainen Laura , Kemppainen Teemu , Nurmi Johanna
Published: February 2020

Tarkastelemme tässä artikkelissa täydentävien ja vaihtoehtoisten hoitojen käyttöä Suomessa vuosina 2008 ja 2018. Täydentävillä ja vaihtoehtoisilla hoidoilla tarkoitetaan monimuotoista joukkoa erilaisia hoitomuotoja, joita ei tietyssä historiallisessa ja yhteiskunnallisessa tilanteessa pidetä valtavirtalääkinnän osana eikä niitä ole integroitu terveydenhoitojärjestelmään. CAM-hoitojen käyttö virallisesti hyväksyttyjen hoitomenetelmien sijasta tai ohella on merkittävä, mutta maassamme vähän tutkittu ilmiö. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää, miten paljon suomalaiset käyttävät CAM-hoitoja ja millaisia muutoksia käytössä on tapahtunut vuodesta 2008 vuoteen 2018. Tarkastelimme, millaisia hoitoja suomalaiset käyttävät sekä sitä, kokivatko käyttäjät saaneensa hoidosta apua. Tutkimme myös, millaisia mielikuvia suomalaisilla oli eri hoitomuotojen mahdollisuuksista parantaa jokin sairaus. Tutkimusaineistona käytimme Taloustutkimuksen keräämiä kyselyitä, joita analysoimme Khiin neliön testillä, eksploratiivisella pääkomponenttianalyysillä ja lineaarisella regressioanalyysillä.

 

Tulostemme mukaan CAM-hoitojen käyttö oli vähentynyt viimeisen kymmenen vuoden tarkastelujaksolla. Käytetyimmät hoitomuodot olivat suun kautta otettavat tuotteet (luontaistuotteet, ravintolisät ja rohdosvalmisteet). Muita yleisesti käytettyjä hoitomuotoja olivat rukous, akupunktio ja kiropraktiikka. Vaikka yleinen usko hoitojen parantavuuteen oli laskenut, niin hoitoja käyttäneet kokivat edelleen saaneensa hoidoista apua. Terapioita, joihin sisältyy asiantuntijan hoidettavana oleminen, käyttivät eniten naiset ja vanhemmat ikäluokat. CAM-hoitojen ja valtavirtalääketieteen käyttö eivät olleet tilastollisesti merkitsevästi yhteydessä toisiinsa eli CAM-hoidot eivät vähentäneet valtavirtalääketieteen käyttöä. Vastaajat hakivat apua laajasti eri hoitomuodoista.
Prospective bride interpersonal communication Judging from the Gender: Are there any differences?
Authors: Sari Alfina , Nirwana Herman , Afdal Afdal
Published: February 2020

Based on the existing phenomena, there are still many brides who have not been able to establish good interpersonal communication. If the condition is ignored, it will have an impact on divorce. This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach . The population of the study was the candidate pair of pengatin in Padang City with a total sample of 43 pairs . The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling with data collection tools used in the form of Interpersonal Communication Scale (SKI) . Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and for analysis of interpersonal communication differences based on gender brides do different test method t-test using SPSS version 22. The findings of the study revealed that interpersonal communication is in the category bride lace h with the achievements of the percentage of 44.0% , interpersonal communication on the verbal aspect is in the medium category with 45.3% percentage achievements, interpersonal communication on the nonverbal aspect is in the low category with a percentage of 37.2%. Meanwhile, the level of interpersonal communication of the bride and groom if calculated on average, men are lower than women, with 54.46 achievements and 55.81 women. However, statistically there is no significant difference between the bride and groom's interpersonal communication skills with the bride , in other words there is no significant difference in the bride's interpersonal communication skills in terms of gender . The findings of this research can then be an important need study to create interpersonal communication modules in the family for the bride and groom, so that the bride and groom understand good communication within the family and then be able to apply it.
Islamic Dilemma Studies in College Islamic Religion
Authors: Umar Muhammad Toha
Published: February 2020

Islamic studies (Islamic studies) in several Islamic Religious Colleges (PTKI) seem to find new challenges in the form of "UIN" ization that open several majors / general study programs within the scope of PTKI. In addition, the transfer of titles from what originally attributed "religion", "Islam", or "Sharia" behind the scholarship degree (S.Ag, S.Pd.I, SHI) becomes without penance (S.Pd. SH), as well as the competence of graduates who increasingly push the competence of ulema, making Islamic studies must really appear competitive so that students are interested. This paper will try to see how students at IAIN Purwokerto have dialectics with the variety of scholarships offered, especially Islamic scholarship which must look for interested people in the midst of a number of vocational courses and professions that are not included in Islamic studies.
Democracy Compromised: A Study of Adiga’s The White Tiger
Authors: Singh Dr. Pralayankar Kumar
Published: February 2020

The paper tries to underscore that how one of the oldest democracies of the world is exposed to corruption.  Corruption has brought India not only to halt but also dragging it backward. Corruption in India stems from the connection between bureaucrats, politicians and criminals. Adiga writes that there are mainly three diseases in India typhoid, cholera and election fever of which election is the worst. Election is the very fountainhead of all types of corruption. Voters casting their votes for money or even for a bottle of liquor are a common practice in many cities of India. Politicians before election make many promises but once government is formed they forget the promises. Balram Halwai, the protagonist, owes his success to the bribe that he gave to political institutions.  In corruption police stands second to none. Taking hefty amount of bribe, they protect the big-wigs from legal proceedings. They harass and arrest mostly the have-nots and the honest. The police are totally rotten in Delhi, the capital of India. “If they see you without a seat belt, you’ll have to bribe them a hundred rupees”, says Balram. The police appointed with a view to control crime and maintain law and order promotes crime by taking bribe. Corruption in education system has crippled the poor. The mid-day meal of the students is taken home by the teacher of the school. Balram’s school teacher sells the uniform of the students in the neighbouring villages to earn profit. He is carried to the hospital, where no doctor is present saved a ward boy. The ward boy tells Balram that the doctor might come in the evening only when Balram gives him ten rupees bribe. Balram asks a person who is beside him “why isn’t a doctor here uncle”. The man answers that the doctor gives a fat amount of bribe to higher officials to get that job and after getting the job the bribes government medical superintendent one third of their salary to mark their attendance. The corruption in health department costs the life of Balram’s father. Blaram’s father has been suffering from tuberculosis. He is carried to the hospital, where no doctor is present saved a ward boy. The ward boy tells Balram that the doctor might come in the evening only when Balram gives him ten rupees bribe. Balram asks a person who is beside him “why isn’t a doctor here uncle”. The man answers that the doctor gives a fat amount of bribe to higher officials to get that job and after getting the job the bribes government medical superintendent one third of their salary to mark their attendance. People lose their confidence in their politicians and civil servants. The largest democracy of the world is being compromised.
The Concept of New Women in the Short Stories of Odia Writer Binapani Mohanty
Authors: Nanda Chinmayee
Published: February 2020

I deliberate on examining few of the liberated women or the New Women presented in an Odia short story writer  Binapani Mohanty’s stories.  In her stories, the persona and disposition is finding a place for constructive thrive, but again those are not really allowed to flourish in a full fledged manner. With the change of time and different dynamics of the modern scenario, women have started to become aware of the happening surrounded by them. A liberated woman thinks on her own, can take decision, has the ability to accept or reject any idea. They hold their own opinion. But when patriarchy operates, to what extent they have been allowed for expression is the next thing to be examined. Talking about the New Women is more appropriate than New Woman. Every individual woman has a different circumstance to respond to. Her portrayal of new women is different from the idea of the Victorian New Woman.  In the modern context, they have to endure lots of struggle and suffering.  Mohanty’s characters are mostly the middle class women, who are affected by every small little change in the society. She has also drawn a parallel with the doubly disadvantageous lot of the society, the poor class women. In every situation the characters so dynamically adopt to every situation.
A Study of Minor Characters in William Shakespeare’s Great Tragedies.
Authors: Tiwari Dr. Jai Shankar
Published: February 2020

The abstract summarizes the analysis and interpretation of the significance of minor characters in Shakespeare’s major tragedies and concludes that Shakespeare is the greatest creator of characters. His greatness lies of course, in creating and heroic characters like Hamlet, Othello, Lear and Macbeth but what is significant is that even the minor characters are as immortal as the major ones. The great Villain Iago are great characters but the less important characters like Horatio, Fortinbras, Edgar, Cassio and Banquo are equally important.

            Besides, Shakespeare’s women characters, mostly assigned minor roles, create niche in our heart. Ophelia, Cordelia, Desdemona and Lady Macbeth have their own place. Nobody will forget them. In fact, they bring spice to the development of the plot and so do Horatio Ophelia, Lady Macbeth, Banquo, Macduff, Earl of Gloster , Edgar, Cassio and Emilia in tragedies.
Effectiveness of Person Fit Indices in Item Response Models with Different Degrees of Item Local Dependence
Authors: Al Shaqsy Yaqoub Z. , Abu Shindi Yousef A. , Almehrizi Rashid S.
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of person fit indices (Wright’s weighted index, Drasgow index and Almehrizi’s weighted index) in item response models with different degrees of item local dependence (0.0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9) using simulated item parameters. Item responses for 40 samples each with 10000 subjects (a total of 400000 subjects) were simulated on a test of 60 items. Item discrimination parameters ranged between 0.19 and 1.79 and item difficulty parameters ranged between -2 and +2. 20% of test items were manipulated to show local dependence for each level of local dependence degrees. Student ability was generated to follow a standard normal distribution. Assumptions of item response theory were examined in all data sets using exploratory factor analysis and residual analysis using NOHARM platform for unidimensionality and Q3 index for local independence. Results showed that there was an increase in the percentages of non-conforming persons when increasing the degree of items local dependence for the three person fit indices (Wright’s weighted index, Drasgow index and Almehrizi’s weighted index). Results showed also that the percentages of non-conforming persons were larger with Wright’s weighted index than with Drasgow index and Almehrizi’s weighted index. The distributional properties of the three indices showed relatively consistent in distributional properties. Drasgow index and Almehrizi’s weighted index were very similar distributional properties. Also, there was a larger agreement index between Wright’s weighted index and Drasgow index.
The Impact of Teaching Programming by using Scratch on Self-motivation towards Learning Programming for Primary School Students in Riyadh
Authors: Al-Othman Abdulrahman A. , Almawash Faisal A.
Published: February 2020

The study aimed to measure the effect of teaching programming using Scratch on Self-motivation towards learning programming for primary school students in Riyadh. Twenty-five 4th-grade students participated in the study. A quasi-experimental design was applied. Pre and post-tests were utilized using a motivational scale towards learning programming designed by the researchers to include three dimensions: perseverance, ambition and enjoyment. Participants received Scratch lessons for the duration of a semester. The results showed significant differences in favor of the post-test in all dimensions of the scale. In addition, students' self-motivation towards learning programming has improved by 22.8% in the average rate of the scale. The results showed the improvement rate of students' self-motivation towards learning programming to the scale axes (perseverance, ambition, enjoyment) as follows: 20.9%, 23.8%, and 23.6% respectively. Moreover, the order of items and the improvement rate were different according to the pre-test and post-test; although all the items were positive.
Analisis Variabel Yang Mempengaruhi Harga Saham Syariah di Jakarta Islamic Index
Authors: Febriani Lisa
Published: February 2020

One of the methods used by companies to obtain company capital is by selling shares to the public through the capital market. Stock prices can change and this is changed by various factors. This study aims to determine the effect of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Earning per Share (EPS), and Return on Equity (ROE) on sharia stock prices listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) in 2014-2017, both partially and simultaneously. The data used in this study is secondary data taken from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website (www.idx.co.id), which is in the form of a company's annual financial report. The analysis technique used in this study uses Linear Regression Analysis. Based on the research results, it is known that partially DER has no significant effect on stock prices, while EPS and ROE have a significant effect on stock prices. Simultaneously, DER, EPS, and ROE significantly influence stock prices.
Analysis of Whole Genome Sequences and Homology Modelling of a 3C Like Peptidase and a Non-Structural Protein of the Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Shows Protein Ligand Interaction with an Aza-Peptide and a Noncovalent Lead Inhibitor with Possible Antiviral Properties
Authors: Shanker Arun , Bhanu Divya , Alluri Anajani
Published: February 2020

The family of viruses belonging to Coronaviridae mainly consist of virulent pathogens that have a zoonotic property, Severe Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) of this family have emerged before and now the Novel COVID-19 has emerged in China. Characterization of spike glycoproteins, polyproteins and other viral proteins from viruses are important for vaccine development. Homology modelling of these proteins with known templates offers the opportunity to discover ligand binding sites and possible antiviral properties of these protein ligand complexes. Any information emerging from these protein models can be used for vaccine development. In this study we did a complete bioinformatic analysis, sequence alignment, comparison of multiple sequences and homology modelling of the Novel COVID-19 whole genome sequences, the spike protein and the polyproteins for homology with known proteins, we also analysed receptor binding sites in these models for possible vaccine development. Our results showed that the tertiary structure of the polyprotein isolate COVID-19 _HKU-SZ-001_2020 had 98.94 percent identity with SARS-Coronavirus NSP12 bound to NSP7 and NSP8 co-factors. Our results indicate that a part of the viral genome (residues 254 to 13480 in Frame 2 with 4409 amino acids) of the Novel COVID-19 virus isolate Wuhan-Hu-1 (Genbank Accession Number MN908947.3) when modelled with template 2a5i of the PDB database had 96 percent identity with a 3C like peptidase of SARS-CoV which has ability to bind with Aza-Peptide Epoxide (APE) which is known for irreversible inhibition of SARS-CoV main peptidase. The part of the genome when modelled with template 3e9s of the PDB database had 82 percent identity with a papain-like protease/deubiquitinase which when complexed with ligand GRL0617 acts as inhibitor which can block SARS-CoV replication. It is possible that these viral inhibiters can be used for vaccine development for the Novel COVID-19.
Changes in learning style preferences of physical education students
Authors: Alemdağ Ceyhun
Published: February 2020

Identification of learning styles is one way of contributing to a more efficient teaching process, and it helps teachers choose an effective teaching strategy. This study reports a three-year process to explain the change in the learning styles of physical education students. It also involves an assessment of the overall academic achievement of physical education students based on their learning style preferences throughout this process. Forty-one  physical education students, 41.5% of whom were female, comprised the sample. The study used a longitudinal study/panel study design to observe the time-dependent variation of learning styles. The data were collected using the Kolb Learning Style Inventory 3  and analysed using a Chi-Squared (χ2) test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Mann-Whitney U test. The results of the analysis showed that the curriculum of the PE teaching department did not lead to a change in the learning styles of students studying in this department. Additionally, the overall academic achievement of the physical education students did not vary for the first (Semester 3) and second measurements (Semester 5) based on their learning style preferences. However, for the third measurement (Semester 7), learning style preferences had differing effects on their academic achievement.

Key Words: Study process, learning style, longitudinal study, teacher candidate
Los métodos alternativos de fotografía como un aporte a la obra de artistas emergentes
Authors: Vega Mora Brenda
Published: February 2020

Enseñar los métodos alternativos fotográficos de impresión, ha supuesto un replanteamiento en mi práctica como docente: la necesidad de los estudiantes de arte en aprender nuevas técnicas que les permita encontrar dentro de su investigación teórica, el componente práctico para concluir con sus propuestas de exhibición de grado. Esta búsqueda se debe, principalmente a que estas técnicas no han sido exploradas de forma ampliada pues, paulatinamente han dejado de ser parte de un currículo de enseñanza formal y, antes de empezar con los talleres itinerantes que dicto, había la necesidad por encontrar nuevas maneras de plantear la creación artística dentro del campo expandido de la fotografía contemporánea, la cual supone descubrir técnicas que amplíen sus aplicaciones conceptuales.
Maternidad: el relato desde la periferia
Authors: Rosero Andrade Glenda
Published: February 2020

En la historia del arte y la literatura, el reconocimiento de la participación de la mujer llegó bastante tarde.  El hombre ha sido, en un esquema tradicional del relato, el sujeto creador mientras que los personajes femeninos se han ubicado en el territorio de la marginalidad o del olvido -con sus respectivas y muy pocas excepciones-. Esta falta de reconocimiento dio un giro apenas en la segunda mitad del siglo XX gracias al feminismo que colocó sobre la mesa de discusión aspectos antes ausentes y que permiten, en la actualidad, presentar nuevas perspectivas. Entre los diversos temas abordados, la mirada habitual con la que se había construido la maternidad también tuvo una ruptura.  La madre, que a lo largo de la historia ha sido representada bajo la figura del sacrificio y la virtud, obtuvo estos significantes debido a discursos solidificados en los albores de la modernidad. Sin embargo, las nuevas narraciones acerca de lo femenino lograron contrastar y cuestionar las representaciones habituales mostrando nuevas voces y lugares de enunciación.
Entre el arte digital y el activismo político
Authors: López Cuenca Alberto , Méndez Cota Gabriela
Published: February 2020

Desde la insurrección Zapatista en México en 1994, algunas prácticas digitales han experimentado con formas de sociabilidad en las que se borran las distinciones entre arte digital y activismo político. Este artículo revisa casos notablemente distintos como Mejor Vida Corp. (1998), sitio*TAXI (2004), El Rancho Electrónico (2013) o Telecomunicaciones Indígenas Comunitarias (2016) que, en el periodo de auge del neoliberalismo en México y su sistemática privatización de las telecomunicaciones, han puesto en el centro de sus estrategias modos singulares de producir formas de sociabilidad mediadas digitalmente. Los comunes será un concepto clave para dilucidar la especificidad de esos procesos de sociabilidad, lo que permitirá caracterizar cómo se producen y mantienen relaciones sociales en los intersticios de la lógica de mercado. Como conclusión, se señalará que en estos procesos de comunalización digital la comunidad no aparece como un presupuesto sino como el incierto resultado de las mediaciones digitales.