bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Cross-Priming of Antiviral CD8+ T Cells by Antigen Donor Cells Is GRP94 Independent
Authors: Lev Avital , Dimberu Peniel , Das Suman R. , Maynard Jason C. , Nicchitta Christopher V. , Bennink Jack R. , Yewdell Jonathan W.
Published: September 2009

Cross-priming, the activation of naive CD8+ T cells by dendritic cells presenting Ags synthesized by other cells, is believed to play an important role in the generation of antiviral and antitumor responses. The molecular mechanism(s) underlying cross-priming remain poorly defined and highly controversial. GRP94 (gp96), an abundant endoplasmic reticulum chaperone with innate immune-activating capacity, has been widely reported to play a major role in cross-priming. In this study, we show that cells whose expression of GRP94 is silenced via transient or stable transfection with GRP94-directed small interfering RNAs demonstrate no reduction in their abilities to generate class I peptide complexes in cultured cells or to prime antiviral CD8+ T cell responses in vivo. In demonstrating the dispensability of GRP94, our finding points to the importance of alternative mechanisms for generation of class I peptide complexes from endogenous and exogenous Ags and immunogens.
Heritability of Directional Asymmetry inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Carter Ashley J. R. , Osborne Elizabeth , Houle David
Published: September 2009

Directional asymmetry (DA), the consistent difference between a pair of morphological structures in which the same side is always larger than the other, presents an evolutionary mystery. Although many paired traits show DA, genetic variation for DA has not been unambiguously demonstrated. Artificial selection is a powerful technique for uncovering selectable genetic variation; we review and critique the limited number of previous studies that have been performed to select on DA and present the results of a novel artificial selection experiment on the DA of posterior crossvein location inDrosophilawings. Fifteen generations of selection in two genetically distinct lines were performed and none of the lines showed a significant response to selection. Our results therefore support and reconfirm previous findings; despite apparent natural variation and evolution of DA in nature, DA remains a paradoxical trait that does not respond to artificial selection.
Neuroprotective Effects ofCentella asiaticaagainst Intracerebroventricular Colchicine-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Kumar Anil , Dogra Samrita , Prakash Atish
Published: September 2009

Oxidative stress appears to be an early event involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects ofCentella asiaticaagainst colchicine-induced memory impairment and oxidative damage in rats. Colchicine (15 μg/5 μL) was administered intracerebroventricularly in the lateral ventricle of male wistar rats. Morris water maze and plus-maze performance tests were used to assess memory performance tasks. Various biochemical parameters such as lipid peroxidation, nitrite, reduced glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, acetylcholinesterase were also assessed. ICV colchicine resulted marked memory impairment and oxidative damage. Chronic treatment withCentella asiaticaextract (150 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) for a period of 25 days, beginning 4 days prior to colchicine administration, significantly attenuated colchicine-induced memory impairment and oxidative damage. Besides,Centella asiaticasignificantly reversed colchicines administered increase in acetylcholinesterase activity. Thus, present study indicates protective effect ofCentella asiaticaagainst colchicine-induced cognitive impairment and associated oxidative damage.
N,N,N′,N′‐Tetramethylchloroformamidinium Chloride‐Mediated Cyclizations of β‐Oxo Amides: Facile and Divergent One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted 2H‐Pyrans, 4H‐Pyrans and Pyridin‐2(1H)‐ones
Authors: Wang Yan , Xin Xin , Liang Yongjiu , Lin Yingjie , Duan Haifeng , Dong Dewen
Published: September 2009

An efficient and divergent one‐pot synthesis of substituted 2H‐pyrans, 4H‐pyrans and pyridin‐2(1H)‐ones from β‐oxo amides based on the selection of the reaction conditions is reported. Mediated by N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylchloroformamidinium chloride, β‐oxo amides underwent intermolecular cyclizations in the presence of triethylamine at room temperature to give substituted 2H‐pyrans in high yields, which could be converted into substituted 4H‐pyrans in the presence of sodium hydroxide in ethanol at room temperature, or into substituted pyridin‐2(1 H)‐ones under reflux.
Pancreas cell fate
Authors: Guney Michelle A. , Gannon Maureen
Published: September 2009

Diabetes is characterized by decreased function of insulin‐producing β cells and insufficient insulin output resulting from an absolute (Type 1) or relative (Type 2) inadequate functional β cell mass. Both forms of the disease would greatly benefit from treatment strategies that could enhance β cell regeneration and/or function. Successful and reliable methods of generating β cells or whole islets from progenitor cells in vivo or in vitro could lead to restoration of β cell mass in individuals with Type 1 diabetes and enhanced β cell compensation in Type 2 patients. A thorough understanding of the normal developmental processes that occur during pancreatic organogenesis, for example, transcription factors, cell signaling molecules, and cell–cell interactions that regulate endocrine differentiation from the embryonic pancreatic epithelium, is required in order to successfully reach these goals. This review summarizes our current understanding of pancreas development, with particular emphasis on factors intrinsic or extrinsic to the pancreatic epithelium that are involved in regulating the development and differentiation of the various pancreatic cell types. We also discuss the recent progress in generating insulin‐producing cells from progenitor sources. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 87:232–248, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural induction and factors that stabilize a neural fate
Authors: Rogers Crystal D. , Moody Sally A. , Casey Elena S.
Published: September 2009

The neural ectoderm of vertebrates forms when the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway is suppressed. Herein, we review the molecules that directly antagonize extracellular BMP and the signaling pathways that further contribute to reduce BMP activity in the neural ectoderm. Downstream of neural induction, a large number of “neural fate stabilizing” (NFS) transcription factors are expressed in the presumptive neural ectoderm, developing neural tube and ultimately in neural stem cells. Herein, we review what is known about their activities during normal development to maintain a neural fate and regulate neural differentiation. Further elucidation of how the NFS genes interact to regulate neural specification and differentiation should ultimately prove useful for regulating the expansion and differentiation of neural stem and progenitor cells. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 87:249–262, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biomimetic Interaction between FeII and O2: Effect of the Second Coordination Sphere on O2 Binding to FeII Complexes: Evidence of Coordination at the Metal Centre by a Dissociative Mechanism in the Formation of μ‐Oxo Diferric Complexes
Authors: Wane Amadou , Thallaj Nasser K. , Mandon Dominique
Published: September 2009

We report that the formation of μ‐oxo diferric compounds from O2 and FeCl2 complexes within the tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine series (N. K. Thallaj et al. Chem. Eur. J., 2008, 14, 6742–6753) involves coordination of O2 to the metal centre and that this reaction occurs following initial dissociation of the bound equatorial chloride anion. We also report evidence of the formation of a reduced form of dioxygen by an inner‐sphere mechanism, thus leading to modification of the ligand. The solid‐state structures of [FeCl2L] complexes (L1=mono(α‐pivalamidopyridylmethyl)bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine, L2=mono(α‐pivalesteropyridylmethyl)bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine, L3=bis(α‐pivalamidopyridylmethyl)mono(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine are described, and spectroscopic data support the structural retention in solution. In [FeCl2L3], the two amide hydrogen atoms stabilise the equatorial chloride anion in such a way that its exchange by a weak ligand is impossible: [FeCl2L3] is perfectly oxygen‐stable. In [FeCl2L2], the equatorial chloride anion is completely free to move and coordination of O2 can take place. The reaction product with [FeCl2L2] is a μ‐oxo diferric complex in which the ester function has been transformed into a phenol group. This conversion can be seen as a hydrolysis reaction in basic medium, hence supporting the initial formation of a reduced form of dioxygen in the medium. Complex [FeCl2L1] exhibits a very weak reactivity with O2, in line with a semistabilised equatorial chloride counteranion.
Atom‐Transfer Radical Addition Reactions Catalyzed by RuCp* Complexes: A Mechanistic Study
Authors: Fernández‐Zúmel Mariano A. , Thommes Katrin , Kiefer Gregor , Sienkiewicz Andrzej , Pierzchala Katarzyna , Severin Kay
Published: September 2009

Kinetic and spectroscopic analyses were performed to gain information about the mechanism of atom‐transfer radical reactions catalyzed by the complexes [RuCl2Cp*(PPh3)] and [RuClCp*(PPh3)2] (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl), in the presence and in the absence of the reducing agent magnesium. The reactions of styrene with ethyl trichloroacetate, ethyl dichloroacetate, or dichloroacetonitrile were used as test reactions. The results show that for substrates with high intrinsic reactivity, such as ethyl trichloroacetate, the oxidation state of the catalyst in the resting state is +3, and that the reaction is zero‐order with respect to the halogenated compound. Furthermore, the kinetic data suggest that the metal catalyst is not directly involved in the rate‐limiting step of the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: The Clathrate Ba8CuxGe46‐x‐y□y: Phase Equilibria and Crystal Structure.
Authors: Melnychenko‐Koblyuk Nataliya , Grytsiv Andriy , Rogl Peter , Schmid Harald , Giester Gerald
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Effects of Amine and Acid Catalysts of Efficient Chelation‐Assisted Hydroacylation of Alkene with Aliphatic Aldehyde.
Authors: Jo Eun‐Ae , Jun Chul‐Ho
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of para‐Substituted α‐Fluoroacetophenones
Authors: Fuglseth Erik , Sundby Eirik , Hoff Baard H.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition Reactions of 3‐Fluorobutenone
Authors: Patrick Timothy B. , Li Hongli
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Toward Intramolecular Cycloaddition of o‐Quinodimethane with an Oxazole Moiety.
Authors: Matsuya Yuji , Qin Hongbo , Nemoto Hideo
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Primary Alkyltrifluoroborates with Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Dreher Spencer , Lim Siang‐Ee , Sandrock Deidre L. , Molander Gary A.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Studies on α‐Trifluoromethylation of Ketones via Silyl Enol Ethers and Its Application to Other Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Sato Kazuyuki , Yuki Takashi , Yamaguchi Ryoji , Hamano Tetsuya , Tarui Atsushi , Omote Masaaki , Kumadaki Itsumaro , Ando Akira
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nafion® SAC‐13: Heterogeneous and Reusable Catalyst for the Activation of HMDS for Efficient and Selective O‐Silylation Reactions under Solvent‐Free Condition.
Authors: Rajagopal Gurusamy , Lee Hanbin , Kim Sung Soo
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Carbon‐Based Nucleophiles to Fmoc‐Protected Acyl Iminium Ions.
Authors: Hartman Alison E. , Brophy Cheryl L. , Cupp Julia A. , Hodge Daniel K. , Peelen Timothy J.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Prunus armeniaca Hydroxynitrile Lyase (ParHNL) Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of δ,ε‐Unsaturated Cyanohydrins.
Authors: Bhunya Rajib , Jana Nandan , Das Tapas , Nanda Samik
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Effective New Access to Ethyl 2‐[(Alkylamino)(cyano)methyl] Acrylates: First Synthesis of Ethyl 3‐Cyano‐2‐(hydroxymethyl) Acrylate.
Authors: Arfaoui Aicha , Amri Hassen
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen as Moderator in the Zinc‐Mediated Reduction of Aromatic Nitro to Azoxy Compounds.
Authors: Khan Faiz Ahmed , Sudheer Ch.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Screening for Asymmetric Catalysts: The Efficient Connection of Two Different Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions.
Authors: Yoshida Kazuhiro , Toyoshima Takeharu , Akashi Naohisa , Imamoto Tsuneo , Yanagisawa Akira
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridylalanine (Pal)‐Peptide Catalyzed Enantioselective Allenoate Additions to N‐Acyl Imines.
Authors: Cowen Bryan J. , Saunders Lindsey B. , Miller Scott J.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Mediated Palladium‐Catalyzed Formation of Carbon—Sulfur Bonds.
Authors: Eichman Chad C. , Stambuli James P.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Cobalt‐Catalyzed Enantiomer‐Differentiating Oxidation of Racemic Benzoins by Using Molecular Oxygen as Stoichiometric Oxidant.
Authors: Alamsetti Santosh Kumar , Muthupandi Pandi , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused‐Ring and Attached‐Ring bis‐Tetrahydrofurans via Pd‐Catalyzed Carboetherification.
Authors: Ward Amanda F. , Wolfe John P.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 2‐Allyl‐3‐oxotetrahydrofuran‐2‐carboxylates Using Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Oxonium Ylide Formation‐[2,3] Shift.
Authors: Yakura Takayuki , Matsui Katsuaki , Matsuzaka Kazumasa , Yamashita Masayuki
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Quaternary Carbon Centers: A Route to α‐Substituted Serines.
Authors: Ariza Xavier Ariza Xavier , Cornella Josep , Font‐Bardia Merce , Garcia Jordi , Ortiz Jordi , Sanchez Carolina , Solans Xavier
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Consecutive Three‐Component Coupling—Addition—SNAr (CASNAR) Synthesis of 4H‐Thiochromen‐4‐ones.
Authors: Willy Benjamin , Mueller Thomas J. J.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugate Addition Reactions of N‐Carbamoyl‐4‐pyridones with Organometallic Reagents.
Authors: Dieter R. Karl , Guo Fenghai
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium Tetraiodide Induced Cyclization of 2‐(2‐Cyanoalk‐1‐enyl)‐β‐keto Esters into 2‐Iodopyridines.
Authors: Hachiya Iwao , Minami Yushi , Shimizu Makoto
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 4‐Substituted 2,6‐Dioxopiperidine‐3‐carbonitrile by Using Thiourea‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition.
Authors: Inokuma Tsubasa , Nagamoto Yuuki , Sakamoto Shota , Miyabe Hideto , Takasu Kiyosei , Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acidic Imidazolium Salts Containing Perfluoroalkyl Tails Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,8‐Dioxo‐decahydroacridines in Water.
Authors: Shen Wei , Wang Li‐Min , Tian He , Tang Jun , Yu Jian‐jun
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 2‐[(2,4‐Diaryl‐3‐azabicyclo [3.3.1]nonan‐9‐ylidene)hydrazone]‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐4‐ones as a New Class of Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Ramachandran R. , Rani M. , Kabilan S.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoride Ion and Phosphines as Nucleophilic Catalysts: Synthesis of 1,4‐Benzothiazepines from Cyclic Sulfenamides.
Authors: Spitz Cedric , Lohier Jean‐Francois , Sopkova‐de Oliveira Santos Jana , Reboul Vincent , Metzner Patrick
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyanoboration of Allenes Leading to the Regioselective Synthesis of β‐Cyanoallylboranes.
Authors: Yamamoto Akihiko , Ikeda Yuto , Suginome Michinori
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Catalysis Strategy for Direct Glycosylation of 1‐Hydroxy Sugars. Methoxyacetic Acid as an Effective Catalytic Mediator.
Authors: Yokoyama Yasuo , Hanamoto Takeshi , Suzuki Shoko , Shimizu Kosuke , Furuno Hiroshi , Inanaga Junji
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Acutumine (I).
Authors: Li Fang , Tartakoff Samuel S. , Castle Steven L.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Acyclic C‐Nucleosides from 1,2‐ and 1,3‐Diketones.
Authors: Al‐Masoudi Najim A. , Saeed Bahjat A. , Essa Ali H. , Al‐Soud Yaseen A.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antinociceptive Activity of Capsinoid Derivatives.
Authors: He G.‐J. , Ye X.‐L. , Mou X. , Chen Z. , Li X.‐G.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and the Confirmation of the Revised Structures of Botcinins A and B.
Authors: Fukui Hiroki , Tsuji Keisuke , Umezaki Yuma , Shiina Isamu
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Natural Isocoumarins and Isocarbostyril Derivatives Having an Alkyl Substituent at the 3‐Position: Total Synthesis of Scoparines A and B (VIII), and Ruprechstyril (V)
Authors: Rudyanto Marcellino , Kobayashi Koichi , Honda Toshio
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diatomaceous Lessons in Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials
Authors: Losic Dusan , Mitchell James G. , Voelcker Nicolas H.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Organomagnesium Chemistry
Authors: Jastrzebski Johann T. B. H. , Boersma Jaap , van Koten Gerard
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrroles, Dipyrrins and Prodigiosenes: One, Two and Three
Authors: Thompson Alison , Bennett Sarah , Gillis H. Martin , Wood Tabitha E.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: [4.n]Cyclophanes
Authors: Bogdan Niculina Daniela , Grosu Ion
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Calixarenes
Authors: Sirit Abdulkadir , Yilmaz Mustafa
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Conjugated Polyunsaturated Silanes to Organic Synthesis
Authors: Fiandanese Vito , Bottalico Daniela
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Homogeneous Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Karimi B. , Zamani A.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Linear Allenes from Other Allenes
Authors: Reissig H.‐U. , Zimmer R.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Product Class 1: Cumulenes
Authors: Ogasawara M.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery and Synthetic Applications of Novel Silicon—Carbon Bond Cleavage Reactions Based on the Coordination Number Change of Organosilicon Compounds
Authors: Tamao Kohei
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress on the Total Synthesis of Acetogenins from Annonaceae
Authors: Li Nianguang , Shi Zhihao , Tang Yuping , Chen Jianwei , Li Xiang
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselectivity of the Chemical Transformations of Thio Analogues of Pyrimidine Bases
Authors: Nowakowska Zdzislawa , Wyrzykiewicz Elzbieta
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: From Plant Materials to Ethanol by Means of Supercritical Fluid Technology
Authors: Schacht Christian , Zetzl Carsten , Brunner Gerd
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
IL‐33 promotes DC development in BM culture by triggering GM‐CSF production
Authors: Mayuzumi Nobuyasu , Matsushima Hironori , Takashima Akira
Published: September 2009

Short‐term DC cultures generated with GM‐CSF and other cytokines have markedly improved our ability to study the immunobiology of DC. Here, we tested 65 cytokines individually for their potential to promote the generation of CD11c+ cells in a murine BM culture system. In addition to several cytokines known to promote DC survival and/or growth, IL‐33 was found to augment DC development time‐ and dose‐dependently. Although the resulting CD11c+ cells generated in the presence of IL‐33 exhibited a typical dendritic morphology, they expressed MHC class II molecules only at modest levels, showed negligible responses to TLR ligands, produced no detectable IL‐12 p70, displayed PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 on the surface, and failed to activate immunologically naïve T cells efficiently. IL‐33‐induced expansion of CD11c+ cells was completely blocked by anti‐GM‐CSF mAb, and GM‐CSF mRNA and protein expression in BM culture was markedly elevated by added IL‐33, indicating that IL‐33 promotes in vitro DC generation indirectly by a GM‐CSF‐dependent manner. With regard to the cellular source, IL‐33‐dependent GM‐CSF production was observed exclusively within the CD45+/FcεRI+ BM population. Not only do our results reinforce the notion that GM‐CSF serves as a primary DC growth factor, but they also reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism supporting DC development.
Synthesis of 1‐Substituted Benzimidazoles from o‐Bromophenyl Isocyanide and Amines
Authors: Lygin Alexander V. , de Meijere Armin
Published: September 2009

o‐Bromophenyl isocyanide (1‐Br) reacts with various primary amines under CuI catalysis to afford 1‐substituted benzimidazoles 4 in moderate to good yields (38–70 %, 13 examples). Analogously, 2‐bromo‐3‐isocyanothiophene (6) furnishes 3‐substituted 3H‐thieno[2,3‐d]imidazoles 7 (44–49 %, 3 examples). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Enhanced chitosan production and modeling hyphal growth of Mucor rouxii interpreting the dependence of chitosan yields on processing and cultivation time
Authors: Trutnau Mirko , Suckale Nicole , Groeger Gerlinde , Bley Thomas , Ondruschka Jelka
Published: September 2009

Chitosan is a major structural component of fungal cell walls and has diverse medical and other applications. However, cost‐effective culture and extraction methods for fungi need to be developed. Therefore, Mucor rouxii was grown on YPG‐media in both submerged batch and semi‐continuous cultures. Chitosan was extracted from the mycelia to explore strategies to enhance yields and production rates. As observed in earlier studies, M. rouxii is able to adapt to shear stress when cultured semi‐continuously. Modeling the hyphal growth of batch experiments shows that the mycelia were ruptured by shear forces within a short cultivation time shown by a decreased hyphal length. However, an increasing chitosan content was observed with an increasing cultivation period in semi‐continuous cultures, which is an indication for the adaption to shear stress. Semi‐continuous culture resulted in the highest contents of extractable chitosan. The results and models of hyphal growth, including tip extension and branching, suggest that repeated batch cultures may be optimal for chitosan production.
Voxelwise and skeleton‐based region of interest analysis of fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in young adults
Authors: Li Longchuan , Coles Claire D. , Lynch Mary Ellen , Hu Xiaoping
Published: September 2009

Though fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are among the most common developmental disorders, their understanding is incomplete. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which is sensitive to microstructural organization in white matter, may provide a relevant measure in this population demonstrating incompletely characterized white matter pathology. In this study, tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) routine and a skeleton‐based region of interest analyses were employed to detect differences in DTI‐derived metrics between young adults who were alcohol exposed and an unexposed control group. Participants include 28 with dysmorphic features associated with FAS, 29 who were prenatally exposed but do not show physical effects, and 25 with the same low socioeconomic status but unexposed. The TBSS analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in fractional anisotropy at the isthmus of the corpus callosum and its connected callosal fibers in dysmorphic individuals relative to controls (clusterwise PFWE < 0.05). This finding was consistent with that of the follow‐up skeleton‐based region of interest analysis (F(2,79) = 3.256, p = 0.044). In addition, the patterns in axial and radial diffusivity changes suggest that demyelination may be associated with the degraded white matter integrity observed in the dysmorphic group. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression pattern of two collagen type 2 α1 genes in the Japanese inshore hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri) with special reference to the evolution of cartilaginous tissue
Authors: Ota Kinya G. , Kuratani Shigeru
Published: September 2009

Collagen type 2 α1 (Col2A1) protein is a major component of the cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) in vertebrates. Over the past two decades, the evolutionary origin of Col2A1 has been studied at the biochemical and molecular levels in extant jawless vertebrates (hagfishes and lampreys). Although these studies have contributed to our understanding of ECM protein evolution, the expression profile of the Col2A1 gene in hagfishes has not been fully described. We have performed molecular cloning and analyzed the gene expression pattern of the Col2A1 gene in the Japanese inshore hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri). We succeeded in isolating two Col2A1 genes, EbCol2A1A and EbCol2A1B, in which EbCol2A1A was expressed in the noncartilaginous connective tissues whereas EbCol2A1B was detected in some cartilaginous elements. Based on these results, we discuss the evolutionary history of Col2A1 genes in early vertebrates. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:157–165, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organic–Inorganic Interactions in Poly(trimethylene carbonate)–Titania Hybrids
Authors: Cortecchia Elisa , Mazzocchetti Laura , Scandola Mariastella
Published: September 2009

Polycarbonate–titania hybrids have been synthesized by a sol–gel reaction, starting from poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) and titanium isoproproxide in different ratios. PTMC with a given chain length was obtained by ring opening polymerization. FT‐IR spectra reveal the presence of TiOC covalent bonds between organic and inorganic phases, and their number increases with increasing inorganic phase content. Solvent extractions show that hybrid soluble fraction contains low $\overline M _{\rm n}$ PTMC chains with isopropoxide ends, which suggests that TiOC bond formation is mainly promoted by transesterification reactions of isopropyl alcohol onto the polymer chain, catalyzed by Ti compounds. Hybrid thermal properties reflect the combined effect of the decrease of PTMC molecular weight and of bond formation between PTMC and the inorganic network. The nanometric dimension of the TiO2 domains, confirmed by atomic force microscopy, provides optically transparent hybrids.

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Polyacrylonitrile and Carbon Nanofibers with Controllable Nanoporous Structures by Electrospinning
Authors: Zhang Zhenyi , Li Xinghua , Wang Changhua , Fu Shawei , Liu Yichun , Shao Changlu
Published: September 2009

In this work, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and carbon nanofibers with controllable nanoporous structures were successfully prepared via electrospinning technique. For the preparation of porous PAN nanofibers, two kinds of polymers of PAN and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were used as electrospun precursor materials, and then the bicomponent nanofibers of PAN and PVP were extracted with water to remove the PVP in the composite polymer nanofibers. By altering the ratio of PAN/PVP in the precursor, the pore size and pore distribution of porous PAN nanofibers could be easily controlled. By using the porous PAN nanofibers as structures directing template and through heat treatment, carbon nanofibers with nanoporous structures were obtained. The porous nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), differential thermal analyses (DTA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectra.

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Sensitive J‐coupled metabolite mapping using Sel‐MQC with selective multi‐spin‐echo readout
Authors: Melkus Gerd , Mörchel Philipp , Behr Volker C. , Kotas Markus , Flentje Michael , Jakob Peter M.
Published: September 2009

The selective multiple quantum coherence technique is combined with a read gradient to accelerate the measurement of a specific scalar‐coupled metabolite. The sensitivities of the localization using pure phase encoding and localization with the read gradient are compared in experiments at high magnetic field strength (17.6 T). Multiple spin‐echoes of the selective multiple quantum coherence edited metabolite are acquired using frequency‐selective refocusing of the specified molecule group. The frequency‐selective refocusing does not affect the J‐modulation of a coupled spin system, and the echo time is not limited to a multiple of 1/J to acquire pure in‐phase or antiphase signal. The multiple echoes can be used to accelerate the metabolite imaging experiment or to measure the apparent transverse relaxation T2. A simple phase‐shifting scheme is presented, which enables the suppression of editing artifacts resulting from the multiple spin‐echoes of the water resonance. The experiments are carried out on phantoms, in which lactate and polyunsaturated fatty acids are edited, and in vivo on tumors, in which lactate content and T2 are imaged. The method is of particular interest when a fast and sensitive selective multiple quantum coherence editing is necessary, e.g., for spatial three dimensional experiments. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a new method for absolute protein quantification on 2‐D gels
Authors: Baudouin‐Cornu Peggy , Lagniel Gilles , Chédin Stéphane , Labarre Jean
Published: September 2009

With the development of systems biology projects aimed at modeling the cell, accurate and absolute measurements of cellular protein concentrations are increasingly important. However, methods for absolute quantification at the proteomic level remain rare. Using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we propose a new method based on the radioactive labeling with an 35S compound and 2‐D PAGE. The principle is simple: cells are grown for more than four generations in the presence of a unique sulfur source labeled at a defined specific radioactivity, ensuring that more than 90% of the proteins are labeled at the same specific radioactivity as the sulfur source. After separation of 35S‐labeled proteins on 2‐D gels, each protein is counted. The amount of each protein present in the gel is then calculated, from which is deduced the amount of each protein per cell. The method, limited to soluble and abundant proteins visible on 2‐D gels, is simple, precise and reproducible and does not require an internal standard. We use it to compare the amounts of proteins in two growth conditions: 100 μM sulfate or 500 μM methionine. Up to now, we only had transcriptional data on the expression of these proteins in both conditions.
Microwave‐assisted graft polymerization of ε‐caprolactone onto magnetite
Authors: Nan Alexandrina , Turcu Rodica , Craciunescu Izabell , Pana Ovidiu , Scharf Holger , Liebscher Jürgen
Published: September 2009

The graft polymerization of ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) onto magnetite was carried out under microwave irradiation in the presence of tin(II) 2‐ethylhexanoate. The molar ratio of ε‐CL to tin(II) 2‐ethylhexanoate was 300, whereas the molar ratio of ε‐CL to magnetite was 5. The chemical structures of the obtained poly(ε‐caprolactone) coated magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR and XPS spectroscopy. These magnetic‐polymer hybrid nanostructures were further investigated by X‐ray diffraction and magnetization measurements. The morphology of the magnetic core‐shell nanostructures were determined by TEM. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5397–5404, 2009
Titration_DB: Storage and analysis of NMR‐monitored protein pH titration curves
Authors: Farrell Damien , Miranda Emanuel Sá , Webb Helen , Georgi Nikolaj , Crowley Peter B. , McIntosh Lawrence P. , Nielsen Jens Erik
Published: September 2009

NMR‐monitored pH titration experiments are routinely used to measure site‐specific protein pKa values. Accurate experimental pKa values are essential in dissecting enzyme catalysis, in studying the pH‐dependence of protein stability and ligand binding, in benchmarking pKa prediction algorithms, and ultimately in understanding electrostatic effects in proteins. However, due to the complex ways in which pH‐dependent electrostatic and structural changes manifest themselves in NMR spectra, reported apparent pKa values are often dependent on the way that NMR pH‐titration curves are analyzed. It is therefore important to retain the raw NMR spectroscopic data to allow for documentation and possible re‐interpretation. We have constructed a database of primary NMR pH‐titration data, which is accessible via a web interface. Here, we report statistics of the database contents and analyze the data with a global perspective to provide guidelines on best practice for fitting NMR titration curves. Titration_DB is available at http://enzyme.ucd.ie/Titration_DB. Proteins 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.