bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERILAKU KONSUMEN
Authors: Sumirah R.R. Dhewi Putri Ayu
Published: October 2022

perilaku konsumen adalah deskripsi tentang bagaimana konsumen mengalokasikan pendapatan antara barang dan jasa yang berbeda-beda untuk memaksimalkan kesejahteraan. Utility atau nilai guna sering digunakan sebagai istilah untuk menjelaskan mengenai suatu manfaat barang atau komoditas tertentu. Pokok persoalan ekonomi yang dihadapi oleh setiap orang dalam perannya sebagai konsumen membutuhkan bermacam barang dan jasa yang semua harus di imbangi dengan kemampuan membeli.
Recrutamento como estratégia organizativa: “parlamentarização” e desenvolvimento de novos partidos no Brasil (2011-2014)
Authors: Schaefer Bruno Marques
Published: October 2022

Durante o período de 2011-2014, cinco novos partidos foram fundados no Brasil. As origens destas organizações são distintas, bem como seus principais “patrocinadores”: desde movimentos sociais ou políticos com mandato, até esforços quase individuais de seus líderes. Nosso principal problema, neste trabalho, é buscar responder a questão:como se organizam estes novos partidos? Partindo da literatura que dá conta do surgimento de novos partidos em democracias consolidadas e emergentes, propomos, neste trabalho exploratório, realizar: a) análise das origens dos partidos; b) o recrutamento parlamentar; c) estruturação das Executivas Estaduais; d) capilaridade organizacional. O surgimento e consolidação, ou enfraquecimento, de novas organizações partidárias, afinal de contas, tem impacto sobre padrões de representação do sistema partidário.
TEORI KEPUASAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Sumirah R.R. Dhewi Putri Ayu
Published: October 2022

kepuasan konsumen adalah keseluruhan sikap yang ditunjukkan konsumen atas barang atau jasa setelah mereka memperoleh dan menggunakannya. bila kualitas jauh di bawah harapan, maka mereka akan mengalami ketidakpuasan emosional.
The Synergic Entropy : an efficient frontier output derived from merged input units boosted by synergy and constrained by critical input
Authors: Videira Henrique de Carvalho
Published: October 2022

The theory equates the maximum output deviations (efficient frontier) caused by combined inputs with affinity-synergy in a system, which leads to a parametric volatility whose curve can be compared to data envelopment analysis (DEA). The input is a cumulative variable (e.g.: merged assets), and the output is a flow variable (e.g.: combined incomes). Rather than being purely stochastic, volatility is estimated by a novel parameter for risk named synergy, which is constrained by critical input (scarce resources). The output acceleration derived from the mergers among inputs, boosted by synergy, is the main foundation of the approach, which particular case gives Shannon and Boltzmann-Gibbs entropies. Tests are done in the 11 USA Sectors over their quarterly financial statements, proving that synergy is significant for financial statements, whereas typical betas only present significance in stock market data. A practical application is a novel discount rate for valuation using synergy, whose results for each sector are stable and coherent with perceived risk. Systems that rely on causal relations between output and multiple inputs can be regressed under novel parameters, rather than reckoning exclusively in optimization procedures.
B. Riemann, On the Hypotheses which lie at the Bases of Geometry [translated by W.K. Clifford]
Authors: Lusen Mark
Published: October 2022

This is "On the Hypotheses which lie at the Bases of Geometry" by Bernhard Riemann Translated by William Kingdon Clifford, Nature, Vol. VIII. Nos. 183, 184, pp. 14–17, 36, 37
Age-related differences in response inhibition are mediated by frontoparietal white matter but not functional activity
Authors: Parimoo Shireen , Grady Cheryl , Olsen Rosanna K.
Published: October 2022

According to the cortical disconnection hypothesis, age-related changes in white matter may disrupt neural communication, which in turn can impair behavioral performance, including response inhibition and processing speed. In addition, older adults sometimes over-recruit regions of the frontoparietal network as measured using fMRI. To determine whether frontoparietal over-recruitment compensates for white matter dysconnectivity in aging, 145 healthy adults (18-86 years old) underwent a diffusion-weighted imaging scan and completed a response inhibition task (Go/No-go) in the fMRI scanner. Older adults and female participants were slower but equally as accurate compared to younger adults and male participants, respectively. We observed differential frontoparietal recruitment across the cerebral hemispheres, with increasing activity in the right hemisphere in older age. Moreover, frontoparietal white matter mediated the association between age and processing speed (Go reaction times), but not between age and inhibition (No-go accuracy). These results add to the literature on age-related frontoparietal over-recruitment in the domain of response inhibition and suggest that cortical disconnection is an underlying driver of selective age-related differences in behavioral performance.
Time to smile: How onset asynchronies between reciprocal facial expressions influence the experience of responsiveness of a virtual agent
Authors: Kroczek Leon O. H. , Mühlberger Andreas
Published: October 2022

Human social interactions are highly coordinated in time and involve the reciprocal exchange of facial emotional expressions. While timing has been identified as an important factor in social communication via gaze or speech, so far there has been no systematic investigation on how the temporal delays in the exchange of facial emotional expressions between interactive partners influence the experience of responsiveness. In the present study, 40 participants were cued to direct a facial emotional expression (angry or happy) towards a virtual agent in front of them and the virtual agent would then react with a congruent facial expression. The temporal delay between the cue and the reaction was manipulated as an independent variable. Exact delays between facial expressions were determined based on the onset latencies of participants’ facial expressions measured via facial EMG (M. Zygomaticus and M. Corrugator). Ratings of experienced responsiveness of the virtual agent were collected as a dependent measure. Using a linear mixed effect model in a growth curve analysis revealed that experienced responsiveness peaked at delays around 700 ms. Moreover, experienced responsiveness at shorter temporal delays was higher when happy versus angry facial expressions were exchanged, while the reversed pattern was found at longer delays. Our results demonstrate a crucial role of timing in non-verbal communication, suggesting that temporal relations between facial expressions are processed as social information. Furthermore, our results can inform the implementation of virtual social interactions.
The Interplay of Time-of-day and Chronotype Results in No General and Robust Cognitive Boost
Authors: Rey-Mermet Alodie , Rothen Nicolas
Published: October 2022

Using physiologically validated questionnaires in which the peak of circadian arousal is determined through morningness-eveningness preferences, individuals can be categorized into morning or evening chronotypes. Typically, individuals with such chronotypes are assumed to show better cognitive performance at their subjective peak of circadian arousal than at off peak. Although this so-called synchrony effect is accepted as common knowledge, empirical evidence is rather mixed. This may be explained by two methodical challenges. First, most studies are underpowered. Second, they include one task, but tasks differ across studies. Here, we tested the synchrony effect by focusing on two cognitive constructs that are assumed to underlie a wide variety of behaviors, that is: short-term maintenance and attentional control. Short-term maintenance refers to our ability to maintain information temporarily. Attentional control refers to our ability to avoid being distracted by irrelevant information. We addressed the methodical challenges by asking 446 young adults to perform eight tasks at on- and off-peak times. Four tasks were used to assess temporary maintenance of information (i.e., short-term memory). Four tasks were used to assess temporary maintenance and manipulation of information (i.e., working memory). Using structural equation modeling, we modeled attentional control as the goal-directed nature of the working-memory tasks without their maintenance aspects. At the individual-task level, there was some evidence for a synchrony effect. However, the evidence was weak and limited to two tasks. Moreover, at the latent-variable level, the results showed no evidence for a robust and general synchrony effect. These results were observed for the full sample (N = 446) and the subsample including participants with moderate to definite morning or evening chronotypes (N = 191). We conclude that the synchrony effect is most likely a methodical artefact and discuss the impact of our research on psychological science and scientific research more widely.
Translating Isabelle Eberhardt: A Historiographic Adventure
Authors: HAMERLAIN Souâd
Published: October 2022

The wanderlust spirit of the Russo-Swiss Muslim convert Isabelle Eberhardt (1877-1904), who lived a nomadic lifestyle in Algeria, has always disclosed a metaphysical vision that is persistently echoed in her literary works. She opted for a linguistic immersion that left many prints on her diaries. She was systematically accused by the French colonial regime of being a turncoat, and this is precisely why publishers of that time refused to disseminate (via publications or translations) what they considered to be ‘unorthodox’ and ‘threatening’ thoughts. Fortunately, things have changed for the better since then, as many scholars/translators are now trying to decipher Eberhardt’s moral fiber. A case in point would be Steele’s (2011) English translation of Eberhardt’s “Silhouettes d’Afrique” (1898). Steele set herself the task –after a blatant shortage of scholarly contributions valuing Eberhardt’s literary creations– to play the role of an advocate who would restore the biased positions taken against the author’s motives/works on account of her pro-Arabo-Islamic and anti-colonial views. This paper argues for a better appreciation of otherness through Steele’s ‘historiographic’ rendering, which reflects Eberhardt’s position vis-à-vis some orientalists’ vision which she was not to follow; even if there appear to be parallels between both. Finally, I come to conclude that the translator’s confessions as regards her deliberate choice to confront English-speaking readers with local Arabic terms (Burnous, tolba, Haik, mueddine, etc.) highlight the existence of a more affable audit.
The Outsider: A Feminist Study of Susan Glaspell’s The Outside
Authors: Mahmood Snoor Ismael
Published: October 2022

The American dramatist, Susan Glaspell, in her literary work, addresses the assigned position of women in a male-dominated society to promote gender equality and woman’s empowerment. She negotiates the plight of women and gender roles by situating the female characters in confined and unlikely settings. This study is primarily concerned with the position of women in her controversial play, The Outside (1917). It focuses on the female characters’ positions as outsiders and strangers in their society and how they have become outsiders and aliens in their community as a result of being non-conformists to the prescribed rules. It also demonstrates that women are forced to choose between conforming to the societal norm and being shunned and rejected as insane by society. Using feminist theories, the position of female characters as outsiders and detached from the social activity is analyzed. It concludes with the point that the writer defends the right of non-conformist women who want to have their own space and role that is not confined by masculine principles.
The Deconstruction and Reconstruction of “the Other” in Robert Warren’s Blackberry Winter
Authors: Wang Xue
Published: October 2022

Robert Warren’s Blackberry Winter is popular for its distinction in depicting a variety of critical issues from the perspective of a 9-year-old protagonist. Set in a small village in the United States after World War II, Blackberry Winter tells the story of Seth, the hero, when he was nine years old, in which the deconstruction and reconstruction of the image of “the Other” are widely indicated. The novel reveals the author’s profound insights towards society, history as well as human beings by creating various images of “the Other” worth discussing. The purpose of this paper is to interpret the deconstruction and reconstruction of the human “the Other” image and non-human “the Other” image in Robert Warren’s Blackberry Winter from three levels—gender, race, and natural poetic. Based on the previous research related to imagery, alienation and ecological thinking, this paper will shed new light on the textual significance of “the Other” in Blackberry Winter by manifesting how human “the Other” image and non-human “the Other” image are deconstructed and reconstructed throughout the novel. The analysis of the novel is unfolded by close reading and comparison. It is found that the novel challenges the binary opposition between “the Self” and “the Other” through deconstructing and reconstructing marginalized and stereotyped images of human “the Other” and non-human “the Other”.
A Non-Western Representation of the Third World Women in Nadia Hashimi’s A House without Windows
Authors: Mohammed Rouwaida Jasim , Rasheed Lamiaa Ahmed
Published: October 2022

Third-world women in western literature have often been depicted as submissive, illiterate, vulnerable, and having no identity. They are cast from the outside discourses, always entangled in the gaze of the west as being primitive. Yet the world is open to change with viable feminist female practices to enhance the accurate and exact image oe third-world women. Nadia Hashimi’s A House Without Windows is a manifestation of deconstructing the false stereotyped image created by the West writers through skillfully presenting the real pressing contemporary issues of Afghan women in their society with diverse forms of ordeals. This paper aims to reflect upon the significant differences between stereotypical western depictions of third world women— are portrayed in mainstream western discourses as weak and in need of help— and their representation by Non-Western writers. It further explores how the female characters can cope with life hardships and pass the closures with no fear despite the difficulties of living within the nonwestern codes of patriarchy and culture. Investigating Hashmi’s novel is significant because it presents an accurate depiction of third-world women together with a variety of their inspirational tales, correcting and changing the stereotyped western representation. This study elucidates the Transnational Feminist Theory as a remarkable framework for comprehending the gap between the global north and south to address the representation of third-world women. Consequently, dismantling the stereotypical images of women in the third world and the phony universalization of global sisterhood is investigated by reflecting upon the vivid pictures of strong women.
Üretra darlıklarında nüks sayısı, darlık uzunluğu ve lokalizasyonu öngören parametreler
Authors: TEMEL Muhammed , OKÇELİK Sezgin
Published: October 2022

Purpose: In addition to the known etiological and predisposing factors of urethral stricture, we aimed to examine unknown and not clearly defined factors.

Materials and Methods: Medical records of 317 patients who underwent visual internal urethrotome (VIU) surgery in our clinic between 2017 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The effect of other parameters on the total number of VIU operations was investigated. Additionally, the factors affecting the total strictural segment length of urethra and stricture localization were investigated.

Results: The presence of history of endourological surgery and history of cardiovascular disease were independently associated with a higher number of VIU operations (p
HEC-1B hücrelerinde glabridinin hücre proliferasyonu ve uzun kodlamayan rna ekspresyonu üzerindeki etkileri
Authors: DOĞAN Muhammed Fatih , SEÇME Mücahit , ŞAHİN Yasemin , ÇİFTÇİ Osman
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological cancers in the world. Glabridin is a main isoflavone in Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) root. It has several therapeutic effects such as anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) play a role in a variety of cellular processes, and their abnormal expression may contribute to tumor development and progression. In this study, the effects of glabridin on LncRNAs gene expression and viability of HEC-1B human endometrial cancer cell lines have been investigated.

Materials and methods: Glabridin was applied to HEC-1B cells in concentrations of 1 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM, 40 μM, 60 μM, and 80 μM. Glabridin's effect on HEC-1B cell proliferation was also evaluated using MTS assay. Expression profiles of LncRNAs such as H19, RNU43, LNC-MYC-3:1 and ABCC5-AS1:1 were determined by real-time PCR.

Results: Glabridin reduced the viability of HEC-1B cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) dose in HEC-1B cells was detected to be 21.32 μM and 13.5 μM at the 24th and 48 hours, respectively. Glabridin has been observed to cause a significant decrease in the expression of H19 and RNU43 while increasing in the expression of LNC-MYC-3:1 and ABCC5-AS1:1.

Conclusion: Glabridin could induce HEC-1B cell death by regulating LncRNAs expression. As a result, glabridin is a potential candidate for a more effective therapeutic agent against human endometrial cancer.
Disinformation and the Return of Mass Society Theory
Authors: Christensen Michael
Published: October 2022

Background: The contemporary political discourse about online disinformation has, in many cases, adopted assumptions about the dangers of mass culture that can be traced back to mid-twentieth century theories of mass society.

Analysis: To understand how mass society theory has shaped contemporary debates about disinformation, the article examines the Government of Canada’s recent framing of the problem in terms of security, regulation, and media literacy.

Conclusion and Implications: The article shows that official discourses of disinformation have overemphasized the role of behavioural manipulation by foreign actors and technology companies and underestimated the deeper socio-structural factors that disinformation narratives express.
Use of home care services by older Veterans and dependants in Melbourne, Australia, 2007-2016
Authors: Johnstone Georgina , Joe Angela , Dickins Marissa , Lowthian Judy A.
Published: October 2022

LAY SUMMARY

Military service has an impact on health and well-being across the life course. However, there is little research on older Veterans and dependants who use home care to enable them to remain living in the community. The authors analyzed data from a Melbourne, Australia, home care organization’s electronic care records to explore the differences between clients supported by the Department of Veterans’ Affairs and clients in the general home nursing population. Results showed the greater needs of and complexity of care utilized by Veterans and dependants. Funding structures and support services need to account for these needs in older age.
Health differences by entry stream among Canadian Armed Forces officer cadets
Authors: Chin Serena , Carlucci Samantha , McCuaig Edge Heather J. , Lu Diane
Published: October 2022

LAY SUMMARY

This study compared the baseline physical and mental health of officer candidates attending military college and officer training programs (i.e., non-direct-entry officer or non-DEO stream) with those of officers entering through a direct stream (direct-entry officer or DEO stream). Overall, DEO candidates had better health than non-DEO candidates. Female DEO and non-DEO candidates also reported more physical activity than male DEO and non-DEO candidates, and female non-DEO candidates had more symptoms of mental illness than male non-DEO candidates. A better understanding of these groups may lead to opportunities to customize health screening and supports depending on officer entry stream and sex; however, more research is needed to inform policy.
Effect of Spray Parameters on Porosity and Lifetime of Suspension Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Aranke Omkar , Gupta Mohit , Markocsan Nicolaie , Kjellman Björn , Li Xin-Hai
Published: October 2022

Fabrication of Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) with higher lifetime and relatively cheaper processes is of particular interest for gas turbine applications. Suspension Plasma Spray (SPS) is capable of producing coatings with porous columnar structure, and it is also a much cheaper process compared to the conventionally used Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD). Although TBCs fabricated using SPS have lower thermal conductivity as compared to other commonly used processes, they are still not commercialized due to their poor lifetime expectancy. Lifetime of TBCs is highly influenced by the top coat microstructure. The objective of this work was to study the TBCs produced using axial SPS with different process parameters. The bond coat was deposited using High Velocity Air Fuel (HVAF) spray. Influence of the microstructure on lifetime of the coatings was of particular interest and it was determined by thermal cyclic fatigue testing. Thermal conductivity of the coatings was determined by laser flash analysis. The results show that axial SPS could be a promising method of producing TBCs for high temperature gas turbine applications.
Fabrication and Characterization of ICP Sprayed Boron Carbide Coating On Tungsten Monoblock
Authors: Zhou Qiujiao , Zhao Peng , Guo Qijia , Li Lin , Chen Junling , Meng Yuedong
Published: October 2022

Presently one of the most important tendencies is the use of tungsten (W) monoblock material for the first wall and other plasma facing components (PFCs) in tokamak. The use of low Z materials such as B4C for protection of PFCs is a conventional method to decrease heavy impurity influx into tokamak plasma. This study involves the fabrication and characterization of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) thermal sprayed B4C coating on tungsten monoblock. Thickness of the coating was about 120μm. Surface morphology of the coating is presented with scanning electron microscope and metallographic microscope analyses. X-ray diffraction analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the main phase and chemical composition of the coatings were preserved when compared with that of the initial B4C powder. Adhesion test result revealed that the adhesion/cohesion strength of the coating was above 13.1 MPa. This work is innovative not only for the ICP thermal sprayed method for the B4C coating fabrication but for the plasma sprayed B4C on tungsten substrate.
Particle In-Flight Behavior and Its Significance in Determining the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Zirconia Based Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Zhang L. , Bai Y. , Wang Y. , Fan W. , Kang Y.X.
Published: October 2022

The present study aims to elaborate the particle in-flight behavior during plasma spraying and its significance in determining the microstructure and mechanical properties of plasma sprayed yttria partially stabilized zirconia (YPSZ) based thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). The as-sprayed YPSZ coatings were characterized in terms of the defects (such as porosity, unmelted particles, cracks and micro-cracks), hardness, elastic modulus and fracture toughness. The results showed that the total defects percentage, porosity, unmelted particles and crack content were found to decrease significantly with the improvement of temperature of in-flight particles. The mechanical properties were associated with the microstructure of these coatings, such as total defects, porosity, unmelted particles and cracks. It was confirmed that the mechanical properties, including hardness, elastic modulus and fracture toughness, notably enhanced with the total defects, porosity, unmelted particles and cracks decreased. The SAPS (supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying) coatings sprayed at 3401 } 3.76 °C and 482 ± 2.18 m/s and a spraying distance of 100 mm possessed the lowest microstructural defects percentage and the most favorable mechanical properties among the 15 coatings.
Pin Fin Array Heat Sinks by Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing: Economics of Powder Recycling
Authors: Perry J. , Richer P. , Jodoin B. , Matte E.
Published: October 2022

As a result of the rise in processing power demands of today’s personal computers, water cooled pin fin heat sinks are increasingly being employed for the cooling of graphical processing units. Currently, these high performance devices are manufactured through high-cost, high-waste processes. In recent years, a new solution has emerged using the cold gas dynamic spray process, in which pin fins are directly manufactured onto a base plate by spraying metallic powder particles through a mask. This process allows for a high degree of adaptability to different graphics processing unit shapes and sizes not achievable by any other process to date. One drawback of this new additive manufacturing process is reduced deposition efficiency, resulting in a fair portion of the feedstock powder being wasted as substrate sensitivity to heat and mechanical residual stresses requires the use of reduced spray parameters. This work aims to demonstrate the feasibility of using powder recycling to mitigate this issue and compares coatings sprayed with reclaimed powder to their counterparts sprayed with as-received powder. In so doing, cold gas dynamic spray is shown to be a highly flexible and economically competitive process for the production of pin fin heat sinks even when spray parameters result in reduced deposition efficiency.
Depositing Metallic Coatings on Polymer Substrates by Cold Spray Process
Authors: Rokni M.R. , Nutt S.R. , Gill M.C. , Widener C.A. , Hrabe R.H.
Published: October 2022

In this study, high pressure cold spray (HPCS) process was used to metallize the surface of polymeric substrates to improve their mechanical performance, such as erosion, wear, and strength. Thermoplastic polymer materials (PEEK, PEI, and ABS) were used as substrate. Commercially pure (CP) Al and 7075 Al were cold sprayed onto the polymeric substrates. Good quality defect-free coatings were achieved in all combinations except with ABS substrates, which suffered from distortion during CS process due to stored thermal energy. 7075Al coatings showed high adhesion strength but low thickness (low deposition efficiency (DE)), whereas CP Al coatings revealed high thickness (high DE) but poor adhesion strength. Based on the obtained results, the DE and bonding strength are not only highly sensitive to properties of the substrate, but also to the applied process parameters as well as powder morphology. It is concluded that two separate sets of spray parameters should be applied for 7075 Al and CP Al deposition otherwise, either more damage or less bonding is achieved to the substrate. Also, for each one of these powders, the first layer of metal/polymer should be deposited with a separate recipe than the subsequent metal/metal layers. Coefficient of thermal expansion and hardness difference between the coating material and the substrate were also found to be key factors to developing continuous coatings on the polymeric substrates with the HPCS process.
Fundamental Investigation Into the Effects of In-process Heat Treatment in Cold Spray
Authors: Aldwell Barry , Hunter Ben , Jenkins Richard , Lupoi Rocco
Published: October 2022

Cold spray is a technology with great potential for additive manufacturing applications. Due to the high levels of plastic deformation experienced by the powder during the coating process, any deposit will require heat treatment post-spraying to improve ductility and fatigue strength. In extreme cases, the residual stresses from coating can cause delamination or compromise the bond strength when subsequent cold spray layers are deposited. This work details the use of a commercial CO2 laser cutter to perform a surface heat treatment on single lines of cold sprayed aluminium, to relieve residual stresses. The effect of laser power and traverse speed on material hardness is quantified, and compared with as sprayed deposits. The results shown in this work demonstrate the potential for in-process heat treatment to reduce post-processing time and improve coating quality by reducing residual stresses.
Grain Refinement of Pure Al Coating via In-Situ Shot-Peening-Assisted Cold Spray
Authors: Wei Ying-Kang , Luo Xiao-Tao , Li Chang-Jiu
Published: October 2022

In this study, pure Al coating was deposited via in-situ shot-peening-assisted cold spray method in order to study the effect of the in-situ tamping effect which was caused by the impact of large sized shot-peening particles on grains size evolution of coatings. The microstructures of the as-sprayed Al coating were observed by using Scanning Electron Microscope and Electron Backscatter Diffraction. A commercial gas atomized Al powder with a grain size range of 10-20 μm was used as the spraying powder. The cross section of the as-sprayed Al particles presented elongated rectangular morphologies, which indicated that the nearly spherical particles experienced severe plastic deformation by the impact of large sized shot-peening particles. It was found that dynamic recrystallization of dislocations-ridden regions was responsible for the grain refinement of cold sprayed coating. Aluminum grains with size of several tens to several hundred of nanometers can be apparently recognized at the whole cross section of the particle. Therefore, in-situ shot-peening-assisted cold spray method can deposit completely nanocrystalline coating using micrometer-grain powder, and thus can be employed to develop high quality coatings of commercial importance.
Characterization of Cold Sprayed Ni Alloy 718 Coatings
Authors: Walker Mike , Howes Paul , McNutt Phil , Harvey Dave , Dong Hong , Cacho-Nerin Fernando , Quinn Paul
Published: October 2022

Repairing of Ni-alloy components using cold spray is being increasingly considered as an option in the aerospace industry. To further the understanding of the microstructure of Ni-alloy coatings and the bonding mechanism, gas atomised alloy 718 was sprayed onto carbon steel substrates to form 0.5mm thick coatings and single particle impacts. Spray trials were performed with different process parameters to compare the splat and coating morphology/microstructure and to optimise the parameters. The powder consumable, single particle impacts and coatings were characterised using SEM, EBSD, TEM and nanoscale XRF and XRD. Four-point bend tests were performed to test strength, ductility, cracking and de-bonding. Fine grains were observed in the substrate-particle interfaces caused by particle fragmentation, deformation and dynamic recrystallisation. Low angle grain boundaries and sub-grains form in the substrate due to strain induced by high energy impacts. The deposition efficiency, thickness, porosity, hardness and surface roughness of the coatings were measured and compared across all parameters. The porosity decreases notably (1.2% to 0.25%) and the hardness increases (410HV to 465 HV) with the increase in gas temperature and pressure. The results indicate that temperature has a larger effect on the coating properties compared to the pressure and that deformation has an important role in bonding.
Effects of Interface Bonding on the Residual Stresses in Cold Sprayed Al-6061: A Numerical Investigation
Authors: Lin Enqiang , Chen Qiyong , Ozdemir Ozan C. , Müftü Sinan , Champagne Victor K.
Published: October 2022

A contact model that accounts for interfacial cohesion and thermal conduction is developed to investigate the influence of bonding on the final residual stresses build-up in cold spray. The residual stress evolution in the cold sprayed Al-6061 coating on an Al-6061 substrate is investigated via three-dimensional (3D) single-particle and multi-particle impact simulations. It is shown that the interface bonding mainly affects the local residual stress distribution near the interfaces. The residual stresses are largely due to the kinetic peening and bonding effects. The thermal cooling has negligible influence. In general, the peening effect introduces a compressive stress while the bonding effect results in a relaxation to this compressive stress. This work suggests that the interface bonding should be considered as one of the essential factors in numerical modeling of the residual stresses evolution in cold spray.
Chemical Composition Changes of Composite Abradable Powders During the Deposition Process
Authors: Yu Yueguang , Liu Jianming , Lu Xiaoliang , Zhang Deming , Cheng Xuying , General Beijing
Published: October 2022

Chemical composition differences between the feedstock powder and the final coating of a series of composite abradable coatings were investigated. Graphite filler material mass distributions in the coating, overspray powder and burned power is calculated. A preliminary mechanism of graphite loss during the deposition process is established. It is found that the graphite content in the coating is significantly lower than that in the feedstock powder. Over 70% graphite in the feedstock powder is lost during the deposition process. Melting and shrinkage of the nickel shell of the nickel cladded graphite particle as flying through the flame, which resulted in the exposure of the graphite core to the flame and substrate, is the main reason for graphite loss and chemical composition change between the feedstock powder and the final coating. A random manner of particle structure transformation in the flame and its reactions with the spray environment is concluded as an important reason for the poor process repeatability of abradable coatings.
Influence of Process Gas Composition on Laser Cladding Process Characteristics
Authors: Wank A. , Schmengler C. , Hitzek A. , Kroemmer W. , Runzka M. , Merten B.
Published: October 2022

The influence of process gas composition on characteristics of laser cladding processes is studied in detail at the example of a 60 HRC nickel based self fluxing alloy powder. Typically pure nitrogen, argon or helium are used as process gases in laser cladding processes. Besides mixtures of these gases also addition of hydrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen are applied studying their influence on thermal emission, weld penetration depth and homogeneity, powder usage and crack formation. Use of identical composition of carrier gas and laser process gas is compared to use of different carrier and laser process gases. Oxygen addition increases thermal emission, but does not result in increased weld penetration depth or crack formation tendency. Thereby homogeneity of weld penetration is improved in comparison to use of pure argon. Also, maximum hardness of claddings is achieved when adding oxygen.
Electrical Properties of Dense Al2O3 Coatings Prepared by SPS Process
Authors: Ibe Hiroyuki , Masuda Takaya , Sato Kazuto , Kato Nobuaki
Published: October 2022

Al2O3 coatings obtained by the plasma spraying are applied for applications utilizing the electrical insulation properties of such electronics devise manufacturing equipment components. In recent years, it has been reported that Al2O3 coatings with excellent electrical properties can be obtained by suspension plasma spraying (SPS). From past studies, it is cleared that functional properties and characteristics of coating were strongly affected by SPS conditions. For example, ratio of metastable phase Al2O3 was much different by SPS conditions. On the other hand, functional properties were not correlated with coating properties on Al2O3 SPS coating. It is obvious that detailed understanding of phenomenon is necessary to advance Al2O3 coating technology. In this study, several SPS factors such as in-flight particle property, splat property and coating property were investigated in order to understand SPS phenomenon.
Neutron Diffraction Residual Stress Measurements in Suspension HVOF Sprayed Al2O3 and YSZ Coatings
Authors: Owoseni T. , Bai M. , Hussain T. , Faisal N. H. , Lee T.L. , Kelleher J.
Published: October 2022

Thermally sprayed coatings have residual stresses due to the processing techniques where the particles go through thermal softening / melting, high velocity impact and rapid solidification. The nature and magnitude of residual stresses in these coatings determine the bond strength and failure mechanisms. This investigation thus involves a non-destructive neutron diffraction residual stress evaluation of suspension high-velocity oxy-fuel (S-HVOF) thermal sprayed alumina and YSZ coatings onto 304 stainless steel substrates. SHVOF spray is a high deposition efficiency process to deposit coatings from sub-micron or nanometric feedstock particles. Neutron diffraction measurements were performed at the UK ISIS facility, using ENGIN-X pulsed neutron diffractometer to obtain through thickness residual stress profiles. The Z-scanning method was used to avoid pseudo-strains in the neutron diffraction measurements near the coating surface whereby the incident neutron beam/gauge volume was partially submerged and traversed vertically out of the horizontal coating surface. The residual stress in the alumina coating was compressive across the whole thickness while the stress changed from tensile to compressive in the YSZ coatings. The residual stress measurements were complemented by lab based X-ray diffraction residual stress measurement techniques. Depth sensing indention of the coatings were also performed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the stresses in SHVOF sprayed ceramic coatings.
An Economical Approach to Cold Gas Dynamic Spraying Using In-Line Nitrogen- Helium Blending
Authors: MacDonald D. , Rahmati S. , Jodoin B. , Birtch W.
Published: October 2022

The cold gas dynamic spraying process solves many issues with respect to the deposition and additive manufacturing of metals. Namely, it provides a reduced reactive environment, simplicity of operation, and high deposition rates. It is known that the deposition efficiency of the cold spray process can be substantially increased using helium instead of nitrogen as the process gas. However, the use of pure helium can be cost prohibitive in many situations and commercially available helium recovery systems constitute a major capital investment on top of the spray system and ancillary equipment. This work focuses on the development and use of a novel, inline gas mixing system, designed to provide a blend of nitrogen and helium at any ratio. Deposits produced with different gas ratios were investigated through particle velocity, deposition efficiency, porosity, and hardness. The experimental results show that helium, even in lower percentages, can have a significant effect on deposition efficiency and that helium percentage can be optimized to reduce the overall coating production costs. From the results, a cost model is presented which, when provided experimental values and user costs, can be used to identify the nitrogen-helium ratio that will produce the lowest overall coating cost.
Investigation Into the Suitability of HVOF Nickel Based Cermets in Marine Hydraulic Service Subject to Biofouling
Authors: Howse Hugo , Ang Andrew S.M. , Wade Scott A , Berndt Christopher C. , Leigh Matthew , Piola Richard
Published: October 2022

A study was conducted into the use of HVOF coatings on hydraulic cylinder rods in marine environments subject to both biofouling and corrosion. The study comprised a laboratory phase for candidate material selection and HVOF process optimisation. This was followed by long term field testing of the most promising candidates, which were subsequently assessed based on corrosion, adhesion, surface roughness and hydraulic sealing performance. Two candidates, nickel based WC cermet coatings, WC–10Ni5Cr and WC–18Hastelloy C, showed excellent results, and are considered as candidates for the application.
Analysis of Mechanical and Tribocorrosion Properties of Thermally Sprayed Nb2O5 Coatings
Authors: Lima Carlos R. C. , Belém Maria J. X. , Camargo Flávio
Published: October 2022

Niobium and its alloys have been used for several industrial applications including high strength low alloy steels (HSLA) in the automotive and aerospace industries, mainly because of being highly corrosion resistant in different media. Niobium pentoxide is an excellent option to reduce costs in repairing damages caused by corrosion, protection of industrial equipment or systems for being chemically inert to corrosive agents that cause severe corrosion and are normally present in refineries and other industrial environments. Whatever the application, mechanical properties of coatings define their effective durability and performance, mainly for tribocorrosion applications. In this work, these properties are studied and correlated for Nb2O5 coatings applied by Flame Spray onto steels. Salt Spray corrosion (ASTM B117), abrasive wear resistance (ASTM G65-16) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microstructural analysis allowed the evaluation of the coatings.
Thermal Aging Fatigue Behavior of Functionally Graded TBCs: Oxidation Failure
Authors: Yuan Kang , Yu Yueguang , Ji Xiaojuan , Peng Ru Lin
Published: October 2022

Functionally graded thermal barrier coatings (FG-TBCs) with a gradual composition change from the MCrAlY bond coat (BC) layer to the yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) TBC layer is one way to decrease the residual stresses at the BC/TBC interface during a thermal cycling process. At high temperatures, the oxidation resistance of TBCs is also important which would affect the cyclic life of the coatings. In this paper, two YSZ materials were used to make FG-TBCs and conventional duplex TBCs by applying air-plasma spray (APS) technique. The coated samples were thermal cycled with 24-hours heating at 1100 °C followed by air cooling. The results showed that the FG-TBCs performed earlier failure than the duplex ones. Microstructure study indicated that the poor oxidation resistance of the graded mixed layer was responsible for the coating failure. In addition, the influence of spraying parameters on the coating life was discussed.
Transiciones epidemiológicas en Venezuela: diferencias territoriales en las causas de muerte, 2000-2010
Authors: García Arias Jenny
Published: October 2022

En el intento de construir marcos teóricos que sinteticen las razones que se han dado para explicar los cambios en los perfiles epidemiológicos a lo largo de la historia, surge la teoría de la transición epidemiológica. Muchos han sido los cuestionamientos que se han hecho a esta teoría, entre ellos los realizados por Frenk et al. (1991a) quienes apuntan a la idea de un modelo de transición alternativo para América Latina, llamado polarizado-prolongado. Por medio de la comprobación de las hipótesis de este modelo de transición, se analiza la estructura de las causas de muerte en Venezuela en la consideración del sesgo urbano, durante los años 2000 a 2010. Para ello se hace uso de correlaciones (bivariadas y parciales) y regresiones simples de las tasas estandarizadas de mortalidad de la población de 5 y más años de edad. Los resultados obtenidos señalan el acercamiento al modelo propuesto en la estructura y evolución del perfil epidemiológico en Venezuela. A pesar de las variaciones entre sexos, los diferenciales introducidos por la urbanización explican gran parte de la polarización y superposición de las etapas encontradas en el perfil.
Retained Metallic Part of a Dislodged Knife in the Thoracic Spine with Paraparesis
Authors: Antara Fateha Yasmin , Antara Fateha Yasmin , A Dey , MSH Khan , MMH Morshed , MN Khan , S Sarkar
Published: October 2022

The incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury is reported as 30-40 million per year. Among these, stab wounds to the spinal canal are usually rare. These injuries often lead to complete or incomplete neurological deficits. An appropriate management can ensure good functional recovery for approximately two-third of the patient. As these cases are uncommon, their treatment protocols are still controversial and under evaluation. Some literatures reveal various surgical approaches. Spinal canal injury with retained part of the causative agent (knife, bullet, glass etc.) or any other complication on the wound site demands immediate surgical exploration. Here we report on a patient with a retained metallic foreign body (tip of knife) in the thoracic region traversing the left pedicle of sixth thoracic vertebrae along with spinal canal with paraparesis and after neuro-surgical exploration and complete removal of the foreign body, patient shows gradual improvement of neuro-functional status. Proper wound care and long term close follow up was ensured during post operative period.
ANALISIS POTENSI DAN KELAYAKAN EKONOMI BUDIDAYA JAGUNG (Zea mays L) DI DESA PUUNDOHO KOLAKA UTARA, SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Syamsuri Syamsuri , Alang Hasria
Published: October 2022

Corn is the second food ingredient after rice, so its existence must be considered. One of the areas that cultivate corn as a livelihood is Puundoho Village. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential and economic feasibility of corn cultivation in Puundoho Village, North Kolaka Regency. The results of this study are expected to contribute as a source of information, and also as consideration for determining the direction of the corn cultivation business in the region. The method of determining the location is done by purposive sampling. The variables studied were the potential and economic feasibility of corn cultivation in Puundoho Village. Determination of the sample is done through simple random sampling, to obtain 15 respondents. The data used are primary data obtained through observation and interviews. Data analysis was carried out by looking at revenue (TR: Q x P), income (I: TR-TC), and feasibility (R/C). The results showed that the income of corn cultivation farmers in Puundoho Village was 11,400,000, income was 8,070,000 and the R/C ratio was 3.4. This means that the corn cultivation business in the research location has economic potential and is feasible.
KAJIAN KELAYAKAN PENGOLAHAN MEDIA TANAM ORGANIK PERUSAHAAN PERORANGAN “2 TIA AGRI” DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Husinsyah Husinsyah , Mahyudi Fitri
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine technically the implementation of organic growing media processing business on PO. 2 Tia Agri. To find out economically the large costs, revenues, profits and business feasibility of processing organic growing media on PO. 2 Tia Agri.  In its implementation, the business of processing organic growing media on “PO. 2 Tia Agri” in Banyu Irang Village, Bati-Bati District, Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan Province in general has been running well. Production activities consist of several main stages, namely material preparation, mixing all ingredients, fermentation process, packaging, and delivery. With a production capacity of 20 tons (20,000 kg) of organic growing media for 1 (one) production cycle with a selling price of Rp.1,000 per kg.  The income obtained in one production of organic growing media processing business is an average of Rp. 20,000,000 and a total cost of Rp. 16,396,506,47 and the profit obtained in one production is Rp. 3,603,493.53.  The RCR value of Organic Planting Media Processing Business is 1.22 so it is feasible to cultivate