bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research and Analysis for Electronic Throttle Control Method
Authors: Sun Jian Min , Yin Yu Bo , Zhou Ze Yang
Published: November 2012

By reviewing the development of the electronic throttle abroad, it introduces the development of foreign electronic throttle. Control theory has been constantly enriched and control functions developed from single integrated. With the development of domestic research, some car manufacturing companies and university research institutions have obtained certain results. Articles in control theory focus on the theory of PID control, fuzzy control theory, sliding mode variable structure control theory research and more mature theory, and then, the above theories were compared. Finally, according to the articles of the current development state of electronic throttle, the article describes the prospect of the electronic throttle.
A Optimized Design of One Traffic Circle
Authors: Xiong Jun Yu , Du Xiao Hui , Wang Jia Qi , Zhai Hui Li
Published: November 2012

In this paper we use queuing theory to analysis the incoming traffic, developed an effective way to control the traffic of a circle by using stop signs and yield signs,and calculated the traffic capacity and average waiting time of this method. Then, we use signals to control the traffic and improve the original method by a analysis the ways the car can pass through the circle crossing. Taking into account of the traffic flow in the different time of a day, we got the light's signal period to adapt to the features of the traffic flow.
The Movement Analysis and Research of 3R Parallelogram Linkage Manipulator
Authors: Tao Ke , Fan Shi Liang
Published: November 2012

This paper studies three degrees of freedom used in multi-joint robot kinematics in the process of loading and unloading problems, through the homogeneous coordinate transformation method to describe the spatial relationship between two adjacent connecting rod, thus derived the equivalent homogeneous transformation matrix between "gripper coordinate system" and "reference frame", establishing a movement equation for the operation arm, then worked out all joints variable with the known position vector of the last connecting rod.
Application of Plug-In Electric Vehicles and Controllable Loads to Frequency Regulation
Authors: Deng Shu Lei , Liu Bao Ping , Li An Jun , Zhou Xiong , Huang Yu Xiang
Published: November 2012

High renewable energy penetration in power systems may bring a series of problems such as frequency fluctuations. Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and controllable loads have been shifting into focus for this. A dynamic vehicle-to-grid (V2G) model with feedback control is proposed by considering the battery charging/discharging characteristics and the dynamic model of frequency regulation with PEVs and controllable loads for a single area is established. Simulation results demonstrate that the application of PEVs and controllable loads can relief the frequency refutation due to the randomness of renewable energy sources.
Lagrange Dynamic Modeling of a Multi-Fingered Robot Hand in Free Motion Considering the Coupling Dynamics
Authors: Boughdiri Rim , Nasser Habib , Bezine Hala , M’Sirdi Nacer K. , Naamane Aziz , Alimi Adel M.
Published: November 2012

Multi-fingered robot hands have been one of the major research topics because several robotic systems, including service robots, industrial robots and wheel-type mobile robots require grasping and manipulation of a variety of objects as crucial functionalities. Roughly speaking, there are two different types of robotic behavior: free motion, purpose of this paper and constrained motion that would be published in the near future. In this paper, we address the problem of multi-fingered robot hand’s dynamic modeling which is fundamental in design of model-based controllers for grasping and manipulation tasks. Based on the specified multi-fingered robot hand, a new methodology for deriving an efficient dynamic equation by the Lagrange formulation is presented. This methodology is new in the sense that it considers the coupling dynamics of the system in the identification of the parameters of the dynamic equation. Furthermore the developed dynamic model leads to decoupling dynamic characteristics, by which the control of different parts of the system can be separately simulated. So the new structure of the dynamic model was very useful and effective for the simulation and the diagnostic. Several simulation results proved that the derived dynamic model can predict the motion of the multi-fingered hand in free motion.
Workspace Analysis and Going through Singularities of 5-Bar Symmetric Planar Parallel Manipulator by Automated Selective Actuation Mechanism
Authors: Sundar Syam , Rathore Vijay S. , Sahi Manoj K. , Upendran V. , Kumar Dash Anjan
Published: November 2012

In this article‚ a new approach is presented to determine the various shapes of workspaces of 5 bar symmetric planar parallel manipulators. Here the shape of the workspace is determined by the number of ways the workspaces of the two serial manipulators intersect with each other. Geometric conditions are established in each case and area of each shape of workspace is determined in closed form. Singularity is another important consideration in the design of parallel manipulators. In this paper, an approach is presented to go through the singularity points using an automatic selective actuation mechanism. A prototype 5-bar planar manipulator is fabricated along with an automatic selective actuation mechanism demonstrating the manipulator going through the singularity points.
Study on Mechanism of Molybdenum Concentrate Carbon-Free Roasting
Authors: Wang Lian Yong , Zhang Jing Fan , Dai Lei , Cai Jiu Ju
Published: November 2012

Technical analysis was used to analyze the roasting of molybdenum concentrate on the basis of thermal balance test of rotary furnaces used for Roasting, and the results indicate that, on the condition of commercial production, the Roasting of MoS2 can occur spontaneously because the heat of reaction is so much that proper cooling measures should be adopted in case overheating happens. According to above analysis, carbon-free roasting technology of molybdenum concentrate was proposed in this paper. The results, which come from thermal balance test and technical analysis of rotary furnaces used for carbon-free roasting of molybdenum concentrate, indicate that outer heat source used in traditional Roasting technology is not needed in carbon-free roasting technology, because enough heat is generated during Roasting to ensure spontaneous reaction. In fact, heating is not needed in operating process except at the beginning, to make molybdenum concentrate catching fire, and when reaction completing, to remove residual sulphur. The technology in this paper is obviously advantageous in aspects of energy saving, output, quality of production, heat loss, the concentration of SO2 in flue gas, etc. and will have remarkable environmental benefits, economic benefits and social benefits.
Experimental Study on Recovering Molybdenum from One Processed Tailing in Bai Shi Zhang Plant
Authors: Dai Hui Xin , Wang Pu Rong , Zhao Wei
Published: November 2012

The grade of molybdenum in one processed tailing from a molybdenum plant is 0.0063%.The assay of mineral composition shows that the molybdenum metal mainly exists in the form of molybdenite. Employing the flow-sheet with one rougher and one scavenger, in which kerosene is used as collector, we can obtain the rough concentrate, of which the yield is 0.65%, and its grade is 0.73% with a recovery of 77.04%. Then, the rough molybdenum concentrate was milled and floated again, and its yield of final flotation concentrate is 0.01534%, with the grade of 24.87% and a recovery of 61.39%.
The Effect of Molding Process and Test Conditions on the Thermal Conductivity of Polypropylene/Graphite Composites
Authors: Yan Sha , Liu Ying , Wu Da Ming , Yuan Hui Lin
Published: November 2012

The thermal conductive composites prepared by twin-screw extrusion extrudes polypropylene and graphite.This paper studies the influence of molding process on the thermal conductivity.The experimental results show that thermal conductivity of composites changes with the screw rotate speed changing,obtaining the maximum when the screw rotate speed is 300r/min.Results indicate that the opposite trend with thermal conductivity and the melt index and injection speed,and the injection temperature has not a big influence on the thermal conductivity. The crystallization influences the electrical conductivity and density of some points of molding samples.In addition,the test condition has cast impact on thermal conductivity,in the lower temperature(lower than the Debye temperature),the thermal conductivity of composites increased with the of temperature and humidity increasing.
The Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis of Rotary Working Table for C5250 Vertical Lathe
Authors: Wang Jia Chun , Zhang Jin Xiu , Liu Qing Fa , Jiang Chong Min
Published: November 2012

The rotary working table of C5250 vertical lathe requires high reliability. Based on the Fault Mode and Effect Analysis, the fault-tree of “guide surface lapping damage about rotary table” was established. To solve the problem of failure probability of bottom events obtaining insufficiently, fuzzy set theory was introduced into the fault tree analysis method. The failure probability distribution of bottom events was described as triangular fuzzy number. The occurrence probability distribution of the top event and the fuzzy importance of basic events were calculated according to fuzzy calculation rule. Through the analysis, the weak reliability links of the fault tree such as hydraulic pump, oil film thickness measuring installation and hydraulic valve were found out.
Research on Reliability of CNC Grinding Machine Based on Function Structure Tree
Authors: Wang Gui Ping , Zhou Guang Wen , Jia Ya Zhou
Published: November 2012

Based on the function structure tree ,the spot failure data of CNC grinding machine were analyzed and found out that of the all failure positions in the subsystem of the CNC machine was High-frequency Motor Built-in Spindle an high failure frequent and main criticality failure position . By further in detail analysis found out that the main failure cause of the CNC grinding machine was burning out of components. It was defined the main direction to improve the reliability of this CNC grinding machine and put forward the corresponding improvement measures. It can offer a theory basis for the reliability design and analysis of CNC machine tool .
Research on Gasoline Antiknock Additive Affect to Vehicle
Authors: Li Jin
Published: November 2012

MMT had been used widely as an antiknock additive in petrol. It can enhancing the vehicles dynamic performance and reduces fuel consumption, but causes some negative impact on vehicle emissions. In this paper, the author research on the emission performance of a vehicle which meet Stage IV emission standard use gasoline containing MMT run for 50,000km.The test results show emission pollution such as CO, HC and NOx increased by MMT which result in three-way catalytic converter deterioration quickly. MMT also made the oxygen sensor deterioration and cause high NOx emission.
Characterization of Cutting Temperature and Ignition Phenomena of Magnesium Chip Using Infrared Imaging
Authors: Sulistiyanti S.R. , Burhanudin Yanuar , Harun Suryadiwansa
Published: November 2012

In this paper, we report our experimentation about measurement temperature of ignition cuts and chip phenomenon using infrared imaging methods, to model and simulate machine rotary cutting tool system. Finally this research was obtained of the optimum conditions expected of cutting magnesium at high speed and without coolant.
Virtual Manufacturing Technology and Application over Tooling Machines
Authors: Li Zhan Feng , Xu Jing
Published: November 2012

Virtual manufacturing technology in being one of the best technology recently, it’s manufacturing philosophy based on information integration. Manufacturing function/concept/core technology/application of VRM (hereafter referred as virtual reality manufacturing technology) as are fully described in this essay. Nowadays, manufacturing industry is being marching rapidly towards precion/automation/flexibility/integration/information/intelligence with the time going on. Consequently, many advanced manufacturing technology and model have been created, in which intelligent manufacturing and VM become most important part and this will bring a bright revolutionary future.
Prospects Analysis of Integrated-Wrapped Multi-Layer Vessels Used as High Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen Storage Vessels
Authors: Song Peng Yun , Gao Jie , Ma Fang Bo
Published: November 2012

High pressure gaseous hydrogen energy is the most mature technology of hydrogen utilizing. High pressure gaseous hydrogen storage involves with high pressure vessel. In this paper, the research of high pressure gaseous hydrogen storage vessel is reviewed, and the research progress of multi-layer vessel used as high pressure hydrogen storage vessel is especially introduced. An integrated multi-layer-wrapped cylinder which may be used as high pressure gaseous hydrogen storage equipment is analyzed. The cylinder consists of lining, internal cylinder and multi-layer laminates. Lining and internal cylinder are made of anti-hydrogen steel, while the laminates are wrapped outside the internal cylinder to the required thickness with integrated wrapping method. The circumferential and longitudinal welding seams can be staggered in each laminate. The hydrogen leaking detection device is located in each cylinder section. This cylinder is provided with bearing pressure, resistance to hydrogen, anti-burst, online safety monitoring and other characteristics, which offers a possible structure for the construction of high pressure hydrogen storage vessel.
The Structure and Fluid Analysis for the New Type of Rotary Tubular Liquid Mixer
Authors: Wu Qing , Li Quan Lai , Han Bao An
Published: November 2012

A new type of rotary tubular liquid mixer is proposed in this paper. The tubular rotary drum is rotated with stationary spiral blade fixed inside. The wings are fixed on the blades. The fluid is expelled into the rotary drum and is impinged, separated, flowed around and merged under the effect of centrifugal force and blade hindrance. Then the mixing process is finished. The dimension of mixture structure is reduced, meanwhile the mixture efficiency is enhanced and the mixture effect is strengthened. The practicable turbulent flow in the new rotary tubular liquid mixer is analyzed and the influencing factor is discussed, which provides some proofs for the structural improvement, as well as the selection and optimization of structural parameters.
Studies on Fluid-to-Fluid Modeling of Critical Heat Flux in a Helically-Coiled Tube
Authors: Tan Lu Zhi , Han Ji Tian , Chen Chang Nian , Dou Peng Cheng
Published: November 2012

An experimental study on critical heat flux (CHF) in a helically-coiled tube cooled with R-134a has been completed in order to assess present fluid-to-fluid modeling approaches. The investigated range of flow parameters for R-134a was: pressure from 0.2 to 0.5 MPa, mass flux values from 50 to 1500 kg m-2 s-1 and inlet quality from -0.2 to 0.1. The CHF data of R-134a have been compared with that of water by applying the Ahmad and the Katto modeling. The water equivalent CHF data translated from R-134a CHF data by using the two modeling approaches have shown a good agreement with the actual water CHF data from previous studies when mass flux exceeds 600 kg m-2 s-1. The results indicate that both the Ahmad and the Katto modeling can be applied only for the high mass flux conditions in helically-coiled tubes.
Study on Flow Separation Control by Vortex Generator Jets with Different Parameters
Authors: Xie Yong Hui , Shen Zhong Yang , Fan Tao
Published: November 2012

In order to investigate the mechanism of flow separation control in conical diffuser by vortex generator jets (VGJs) method, numerical simulations were conducted to discuss the effect of VGJs with different parameters on flow control. The aerodynamic performance in conical diffuser with angle of 14° was tested and analyzed based on Shear-Stress-Transport (SST) simulation. The flow charts at several sections were analyzed, illuminating the formation of complex vortices. Moreover, the effects of 5 VGJs parameters on the diffuser were analyzed by orthogonal analysis. It was shown that the number of jets and the pitch angle of jet showed more profound influence on the flow control by VGJs.
Comparison of Critical Heat Flux for R-134a Flow Boiling in a Horizontal Straight Tube and a Helically-Coiled Tube
Authors: Tan Lu Zhi , Han Ji Tian , Chen Chang Nian , Dou Peng Cheng
Published: November 2012

Experimental studies on critical heat flux (CHF) have been conducted in a uniformly heated horizontal straight tube and helically-coiled tube respectively with R-134a as the working fluid. The helically-coiled tube has the same heated length and inner diameter with the straight tube and experiments were performed under the following conditions: pressure from 0.4 to 2.5 MPa, mass flux values from 80 to 1500 kg m-2 s-1, inlet quality from -0.23 to 0.28 and critical quality from 0.65 to 0.86. The CHF data of the helically-coiled tube have been compared with that of the straight tube. The results show that the helically-coiled tube gets significant improvement in the CHF values vs. the straight tube under the same conditions and the degree of improvement depends on the mass flux, system pressure, inlet quality and critical quality.
Utilization of Waste Heat of Circulating Cooling Water in Hot-Stamping Power System
Authors: Qin Pan Pan , Chen Hui , Chen Li Li , Qu Zhen , Yu Lu Ning , Liu Shi Kui
Published: November 2012

This paper studies the possibility of using heat pump instead of cooling tower to decrease temperature and recover waste heat of circulating cooling water of power system. Making use of heat transfer theory the paper carried on analysis and calculation about recoverable waste heat of circulating cooling water in hot-stamping power system which includes hot-stamping, closing in and extrusion intermediate frequency induction furnace. The results show that the whole process can recover calories which is 2.642×106kJ per hour.Using the recycled calories can make 15.82 tons hot water per hour which is 60°C. This research shows that using heat pump to recover the waste heat of circulating cooling water is effectual.
Study on the Freeze-Drying Dual-Evaporator Refrigeration System
Authors: Xia Peng , Zhang Min Liang , Sha Hua Nan
Published: November 2012

In the freeze-dryer, the dual-evaporator refrigeration system is used to meet the demands of the freeze-drying technology. One evaporator is used as “cold trap”, and the other one, shelf evaporator, is used to control materials’ temperature. In this paper, experimental study on the dual-evaporator refrigeration system in the process of freeze-drying is carried out. First, the influence of valve opening on the dual-evaporator refrigeration system is analyzed. Secondly, the influence of vacuum on the surface temperature of the heat exchanger is analyzed. Finally, the influence of the varied evaporation temperature on the first drying rate is analyzed.
Research on Cylinder Drop Stamping Part of Heat Recovery Regularity Based on Pro/Mechanica
Authors: Chen Li Li , Chen Hui , Liu Xiao Xiao , Qin Pan Pan , Qu Zhen , Yu Lu Ning
Published: November 2012

There are large quantities of heat is wasted in the producting process of cylinder drop stamping part, it is necessary to recycle the heat from the perspective of environmental protection. In this paper the waste heat recovery system that based on heating pump were analyzed, building up cylinder drop stamping normalizing temperature curve and observed metallographic microstructure of the samples at different temperatures. Rapid establishment of geometric model through the use of Pro/Engineer, application of Pro/Mechnica analog normalizing temperature curve, observed the cross-section temperature field nephogram. Based on the analysis, been established by virtual prototype thermal analogue in the Pro/Mechnica with the measured cooling process is consistent. waste heat recovery system which is used in the production of cylinder drop stamping part is effective.
Research of Absorption Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment Using Waste Heat from Marine Incinerator
Authors: Kong Xiu Hua , Liu Xin Jian , Song Xiu Fu
Published: November 2012

Energy conservation and environmental protection is the two themes of the maritime transport development, through discussing the necessity of the incinerator waste heat utilization. Analysis the feasibility of incinerator waste heat using on ship air conditioning ,and puts forward specific technical plan to absorption refrigeration and air conditioning equipment using Marine incineration waste heat.
Fractal Features of Cracked Backfill Particle Size Distribution
Authors: Zhu Yong Jian , Deng Dai Qiang , Wang Ping
Published: November 2012

Based on the taking sample by geological drilling, combined with the fractal principle, analysis on the cracked backfill particle size of its fractal features and strength correlation. Even each backfill sand specimen particle size is difference, but calculation data shows that the particle size of each sand specimen has preferable fractal feature, the sand specimen particle size distribution has remarkable fractal structure by the linear fitted results of the sand specimens. The fractal relationship of strength and particle size distribution shows that with the increased of fractal dimension, the strength of backfill is decreased, that is to say there is negative correlation, the main cause is that the higher parameter D of the fractal dimension, the higher fine-grained content and more non-uniform of the particle size distribution, especially for the thinner full tailings, if properly increasing the content of slightly crude particles, the strength of backfill will be certainly improved to some extent.
Study on Abnormal High Intensity of Hanyuan during Wenchuan Earthquake Based on Resonance Effect
Authors: Qi Wen Hao , Bo Jing Shan , Li Ping
Published: November 2012

In order to find the reason why a rare distant-earthquakes abnormal high intensity occurred in Hanyuan county town during 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake of China, the earthquake damage was studied from resonance effect point of view. The seismic records of Wenchuan Earthquake in Hanyuan were collected, and their dominant periods were obtained from their Fourier spectra. Based on transfer function of 3 engineering geological boreholes surveyed in Hanyuan county town, the fundamental period of the sites the was calculated. The natural vibration periods of the structures there were estimated by the empirical formulas of natural period according to their structure type. It was found that the tree periods were close very much, and the resonance was prone to occur. The resonance effect was one of the main reasons which caused abnormal high intensity in Hanyuan county town.
Investigation of Coal Failure under Triaxial Compression by CT Scanning
Authors: Peng Rui Dong , Shao Li Li , Lu Jin Bo , Wang Peng , Mao Ling Tao
Published: November 2012

In order to reveal the deformation and failure mechanism of coals, the evolution of coal’s inner structures should be discovered and studied. A serial of coal specimen collected from 600m deep underground mine were scanned by a μCT system before and after conventional triaxial compression testing respectively. All the CT images were enhanced by some digital image processing techniques and then collected together to reconstructed 3D models by self-developed software. The stress-strain curves of coals at different confining pressure were obtained, and correspondingly the evolution of the inner structure of coals were well presented by enhanced CT images. Experimental results indicate that the strength of coal agrees well to linear Mohr-Coulomb Criterion. CT images show that more cracks occurs with the increasing confining pressure. It was inferred that the damage become more severe with increasing confining pressure and cause the variation of failure from ductile style at low confining pressure to brittle style at high confining pressure.
Research on the Seismic Performance of Construction Waste Recycled Brick Masonry Structure
Authors: Su Hui , Han Guo Song , Jiang Xin Pei
Published: November 2012

In order to research the seismic property of masonry building constructed with the construction waste recycled bricks, a four stories building model with 1:3 scale is constructed and tested on the shaking table. Based on the test results, the cracks pattern, displacement response, acceleration response of the building are studied. The failure mechanism of the infill building is investigated. The results show that the construction waste recycled brick is a qualified building material to construct the low rise building.
Dynamic Characteristics of a New Space Beam String Structure with Outer Truss Torus
Authors: Yao Yun Long , Ma Guang Ying , Dong Shi Lin
Published: November 2012

The large-span space beam string-structure system is a kind of economic and larger spanning spatial structure system. A new type of space beam-string-structure with outer truss torus is introduced. Sunflower-patterned space beam-string-structure was taken as an example and its dynamic characteristics under full-span load and half-span load were analyzed by block Lanczos method. The efect of prestress level and load level on dynamic behavior of the structure was studied. The results are valuable for the dynamic response research on the earthquakes and wind vibration and will provide a reference for a further design and project application of such structure.
Generation of Internal Tides by Tide-Topography Resonance over Weak Topography: Analytical Calculation
Authors: Wu Li Dan , Miao Chun Bao
Published: November 2012

Internal tides generated by the interaction of the barotropic tide with bottom topography are studied by using an analytical solution. Tide-topography resonance takes place when the wavenumber of the truncated sinusoidal topography is equal to that of one baroclinic mode. The minimum amplitude of the resonant mode increases from the center of the domain to both sides of the topography; while the maximum keeps the same. Amplitudes of the internal tides and mode conversion rate are analyzed as a function of the length and wavenumber of the topography. For non-resonant modes, the amplitudes are weak and vary periodically with the extending of the topography, and are exactly zero when the length of topography is integral times of the mode-1 wavelength. For resonant modes, the amplitudes increase with the length of the topography. For each internal tide mode, there is a response zone, where the amplitude for one mode is obviously larger than other baroclinic modes. The response zones for high modes are wider than those for low modes. Mode conversion rate is obviously high when the wavenumber of the topography is equal to that of the baroclinic modes; otherwise it is almost zero. Furthermore, mode conversion rate for small topography wavenumber is more than that for large topography wavenumber with the same number of the sinusoidal topography, and is less with the same topography length.
The Mechanism of Internal Tide Generation over Weak Topography
Authors: Wu Li Dan , Miao Chun Bao
Published: November 2012

Here the process of internal tide generation over idealized (sinusoidal) topography was investigated using numerical techniques, in which the barotropic-to-baroclinic energy conversion was discussed. The result shows that when the wavenumber of the sinusoidal topography, ktopo, is equal to the horizontal wavenumber of the m-th baroclinic mode km, the conversion from the barotropic tide to the m-th baroclinic mode is enhanced with the increase of topography length; When the wavenumber of the sinusoidal topography is not equal to horizontal wavenumbers of any baroclinic modes, ktopo≠km(m=1,2,...), conversion from the barotropic energy to baroclinic modes is decreased with the increase of topography length. Furthermore, it shows that in resonance case, the phase of the perturbation pressure gradually agrees with the phase of the truncated sinusoidal topography, and the conversion rate is always positive over the topography, thus the baroclinic mode which matches with the wavenumber of the sinusoidal topography persists in absorbing energy from the barotropic tide, and the conversion rate is increased.
Study on Analysis of Vehicle Engine Failure Risk Based on ANP_FE
Authors: Chen Lu Hua
Published: November 2012

The study focuses on the problem of risk analysis of vehicle engines’ failure. Based on investigation and analysis of vehicle engine, an index system which is suitable for analyzing vehicle engines’ failure is established. And a much perfect technique ANP_FE is introduced into the risk analyzing of vehicle engines’ failure. It has been found that this index system and analyzing technique has a good adaptability, the result could be used as a theoretical proof for the production and improvement. The theory, system, thinking and method could be used as a reference to the similar product.
Soil Stress of Shield Tunnel Face in Sands under High Hydraulic Pressure
Authors: Chen Meng Qiao , Liu Jian Kun , Xiao Jun Hua
Published: November 2012

Based on the under river tunneling project of Nanjing Metro Puzhulu-Binjianglu interval, a numerical model was built to simulate the process of losing stability, variation of soil stress and the soil arching effect caused by soil stress redistribution under high hydraulic pressure were studied. The results show that, compared to no hydraulic pressure, the limit supporting pressure is reached when smaller soil deformation has occurred and it is much greater under high hydraulic pressure. Along the depth from the bottom, soil vertical stress first decreases and then remains unchanged with increasing face displacement; Soil horizontal stress first decreases and then increases slightly. Soil lateral pressure coefficient first increases and then decreases along the depth from the bottom. Soil vertical and horizontal stress decrease in front of the tunnel face, where the failure region forms. Soil vertical stress decreases and horizontal stress increases above the failure region, where the vault region forms. Soil vertical stress increases and horizontal stress decreases around the failure region, where the skewback region forms. The results are conductive to better reveal the failure mechanism and determine the limit supporting pressure under high hydraulic pressure.
Improvement on Xi’an Digital Seismic Telemetry Network
Authors: Zhong Cui Xiang , Huang Ming He
Published: November 2012

A scientific analysis on the geographical environments and regional geological tectonic features of some notable earthquakes over the world revealed the root cause of tectonic earthquakes—that is, a tectonic earthquake is generally caused by underground water erosion instead of inter-continental plate collision. According to this new law, it’s easy to explain many past great earthquakes around the world, and also easy to predict some future possible earthquake foci by observing landforms, that is, great earthquakes occur easily in coastal areas, or areas retaining large amounts of water, but not in areas lacking water. So these research results are important to economically protecting against earthquakes and reducing disasters. Especially, according to this new explanation, many digital seismograph networks in the world can be improved. Through on-the-spot investigation or observing topographic maps, one can find that Xi’an urban area and some of its surrounding areas lack underground water, and the possibility of devastating earthquakes occurring in these areas is vey low. Hence the observation on these areas can be lessened. But some areas such as Weihe down-faulted basin near Huaxian and Huayin is seismic risk area, the observation on these areas should be enhanced.
Application of a Geohazard Early Warning System in Huaying Mountain Region, Sichuan Province
Authors: Cheng Si , Wang Yun Sheng , Liang Ming
Published: November 2012

Geohazards occur in south west mountain area of China each year frequently. Therefore, selecting a typical region to establish a geohazard early warning system and to research the mechanisms of geohazard can greatly improve the ability of geohazard prevention in that mountain area, and then a geohazard early warning system is established at Huaying Mountain region. This article not only presents the construction of that system, but also elaborately analyses mechanism of some geohazards in that mountain region.
A Case Study of RFID-Enabled Payment Device
Authors: Zhou Miao
Published: November 2012

Payment cards supporting contactless transactions are becoming increasingly popular in recent years. While enjoying the benefits in terms of speed and convenience provided by the new feature, considerable concerns over security and privacy of RFID technology used for contactless payment have been raised for some time. Actually, diverse attacks against fielded systems have already been found and demonstrated. Among the various existing countermeasures, cryptographic solutions are more commonly used as a mechanism for providing security and privacy protections. The goal of this paper is to take a deep insight into one of the RFID-enabled payment devices, known as Digital Signature Transponder (DST). Especially, the explanation of its cryptographic design is presented in detail.
Stability Analysis of Cd Contaminated Soil in Dabizhuang
Authors: Huang Jing Yi , Xu Hong , Liu Zhi Rong , Zhang Ying , Bai Xiang Dong
Published: November 2012

Cd in soil samples at 12 sites from Dabizhuang, Tianjin, was analyzed with the sequential extraction. According to its area types, the Ssites are divided into 5 groups. The test of Cd in soil was carried out by using atomic absorption spectrometry. The analyzed results showed that the area around the factory was seriously polluted, and sewage irrigation was moderately polluted. Cd is mainly existed as Carbonate and ionic form in soil which are the non-stable species.
Frequent Pattern Mining Based on Pattern Space Division in Map/Reduce Cluster
Authors: Liu Qian , Chen Ming
Published: November 2012

By means of pattern space division and based on Map/Reduce, the problem of processing the many-to-many corresponding relationship between the data set and the patterns set is converted to the problem of processing the many-to-many corresponding relationship between the data subsets and the pattern subspaces associated with the frequent 1-itemsets. Thus, the scale of the intermediate key/value pairs set is reduced so dramatically that the problem of single Map node bottleneck which results from combinatorial explosion of candidate patterns space is avoided. Over three rounds of Map/Reduce tasks, the pattern space is constructed and divided, the filtering rules is established and employed, father more, the mining of frequent patterns is realized in each pattern subspace independently. By making the best of both the universal trait of the entire pattern space and the individuality of each pattern subspace, the optimized non-recursive algorithm is designed and implemented to improve the efficiency of mining phase.
A Hybrid Treatment System Combining Enforced Diatomite Process Followed by Biological Aerated Filters for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Wang Wei Liang , Bi Xue Jun , Zhang Bo
Published: November 2012

A hybrid treatment system combining enforced diatomite process followed by biological aerated filters (BAF) was developed for treatment of municipal wastewater. Most pollutants, especially phosphorus, were removed in the enforced diatomite process and BAFs took a role of polishing process. New ceramic filter media and ceramisite agitator were used in two BAFs for comparison. The results showed that when the average influent CODcr was 347mg/L, NH4+-N 49mg/L and TP 6.1mg/L, the removal efficiency was 92.6%, 99.8%, and 96.4% respectively at the operating conditions of precise diatomite dosage of 75mg/L, the sludge reflux ratio 100%, the HRT of 30min in diatomite enhanced primary treatment process and the HRT of 1.5h in BAF.
Residues and Spatial Distribution of Organochlorine Pesticides in Arable Land from Liaocheng
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Bao Hua , Zhang Xi
Published: November 2012

In order to determine the residues and the distribution characteristics of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in arable land from Liaocheng City, 136 soil samples were collected using lattice method. The samples were extracted by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), the residual amounts of 8 types of OCPs, including α-BHC, β-BHC, γ-BHC, δ-BHC, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDD and o,p′-DDT, were analyzed with GC-ECD. With the aid of software of SPSS and ArcGIS, residues and spatial distributions of 8 OCPs were analyzed. The results showed that all OCPs had different detectable rates and residual amounts. p,p′-DDE was the primary pollutant in arable land of Liaocheng. Its detectable rate and average residual amount were both highest, 92.65% and 74.16µg•kg-1 respectively, over the first grade criteria (50µg•kg-1) of the national standard for soil environment quality, while the residual amounts of the other OCPs were at a low level and didn't pollute the arable land. The results of spatial distribution showed that the 8 OCPs varied greatly. β-BHC distributed widely, and the others were relatively concentrated. There was a significant difference of γ-BHC and DDTs between Linqing county and the other counties, and the residual amounts in Linqing were highest, and there was no obvious difference among the other counties
Shading Effect and Optimal Tilt-Angle of Collectors in a Collector Array
Authors: Tang Run Sheng , Liu Nian Yong
Published: November 2012

In this work, shading effect and optimal tilt-angle of collectors in an array was investigated based on the mathematical method developed. Results show that the distance between collectors in two adjacent raws (D) has a significant effect on the annual collectible radiation, and the ratio of top vertical height of collectors (H) measuring from the ground to D should be larger than tan(23.45+). Results also indicate that, the optimal tilt angle of collectors is related to site latitude (), climatic conditions in sites, reflectivity of the ground () as well its position in the collector array, for the case of = 0.2, the optimal tilt-angle of south-facing collectors in the first raw, opt,1, is close to the site latitude for most of areas in China except areas with poor solar resources, and the optimal tilt-angle of collectors in other place is about 4-5o lower than opt,1; whereas for the case of =0, the optimal tilt-angle of all collectors in the array is almost identical and about 7-8o lower than the site latitude for most areas in China.
FEM Strength Analysis on the Main Structure of Modular Mechanical Water Treatment Plant
Authors: Feng De Zhen , Luan Hao Feng , Zhao Ran
Published: November 2012

The modular mechanical water treatment plant is a kind of new technology in present. The new technology has changed the work way of conventional water plants and got very wide use in practice. According to characteristics of the modular mechanical water treatment equipment, the paper analyzed the strength of the main mechanical structure, compared the stress and deformation, presented the stress and strain cloud picture. Finally, the paper combined theory with practice and improved and optimized the design plan.
The Impacts of Different CO2 Injection Temperature on Heat Extraction Rate in CO2-EGS Based on CCS Demonstration Project
Authors: Na Jin , Wang Fu Gang , Shi Yan , Cai Zhi Min
Published: November 2012

In this paper we use Majiagou geologic formation in Erdos Carbon Caputure and Storage(CCS) demonstration project aera as artificial geothermal reservoir, and create numerical models of Enhanced Geothermal System(EGS) using CO2 as a heat transfer carrier. In order to analyze the impacts of CO2 injection temperatures on heat extraction rate and the sustainability of CO2-EGS, five cases with different CO2 injection temperature are designed. Simulation results show that the range of the average heat extraction rate of case 1～5 is 6.56～8.47MW in the whole CO2-EGS operation period. The heat extraction rates vary over time, And it is 6.37～7.9MW in CO2 and water displacement stage and 6.64～8.68MW after aqueous phase dispear respectively. Injection temperature of CO2 significantly impacts the heat extraction rate of EGS .
Personal Future Transport Development
Authors: Zhang Fei , Wan Jin Gui
Published: November 2012

Design of a future personal transport, body adopts the streamline design, aerodynamic. Small volume light weight, less fuel to obtain higher power output, to do as much as possible to protect the environment, and the various techniques can be easily transplanted to the current various traffic tools, realizing energy saving and emission reduction in the ultimate aim of protect environment.
Segmentation of Adhering Cell Images Based on Two-Dimensional Histogram
Authors: Dai Shang Ping , Jin Tao , Liang Qing
Published: November 2012

For duplication and adhering of cells images in medical micro-images, it presents a variety of segmentation method based on two-dimensional histogram of the distance transformed images.Two-dimensional histogram is constructed by the concerned center pixel’s gray scale in a window .We can select gray mask by observing the characteristics distribution of the histogram of the region through the adhering cell image,getting the inverse transformed images.Experimental results show that different type of histograam segmention method are applicable to different adhering cell images’ segmentation.
Research of Lighting Technology Based on the OpenGL
Authors: Xu Jin , Shen Zhi Jie
Published: November 2012

The manipulating technique of lighting is a very important component of realistic image rendering, including lighting model and shading. This paper, first, introduces the basic concepts, the principles and the programming of the general thoughts of Lighting with OpenGL; then, introduces how to compute the light intensity and shading interpolation by investigating the reflex factors on object surface; last, provides a set of cases to show the ideal effect with different rendering techniques.
Evaluation of Traffic Safety of Curved Section with Gray Theory Based on the Driving Track
Authors: Xi Jian Feng , Gao Zhen Hai , Qi Bo , Liu Hai Zhu
Published: November 2012

Curved section is one of the sections where happened extraordinarily serious traffic accidents in China. Until now, one kind of the traffic safety evaluation method based on the accident indexes, the other based on the non-accident indexes, just as the traffic conflict technique. But there are difficulties in collecting data when the evaluation of traffic safety on specific road sections is applied. So, one safety evaluation method for the curved sections is putting forward, in which the deviation value between the driving track and safe trajectory is used as the evaluation index, and the gray evaluation method is applied. The case study shows that, the method in this paper could be a new way for traffic safety evaluation.
Under Axial Load Finite Element Analysis of Characteristics of Circular Steel Tube Compile Short Column Filled with Steel Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Jing Rui , Zhang Yong Sheng
Published: November 2012

With the help of large general finite element analysis software ANSYS, under different parameters, this paper will have a finite element analysis of bearing capacity on circular steel tube compile short column filled with steel reinforced concrete(STCSRC).In the paper,it uses separate models to calculate and analyze.Considering the nonlinear constitutive relation of steel and concrete and determining the type of unit,it is shown that stress distribution and load-displacement curve of specimen under the effect of different parameters.According to the curve and data,analysis results of bearing capacity of specimen have been shown that bearing capacity of STCSRC will increase with concrete strength increasing and it also will increase with steel rate increasing under axial load.Because of core concrete working together with steel tube and angle steel,it can significantly improve the bearing capacity of composite columns, slow down and inhibit shearing inclined cracks occur in the core concrete and develop,and improve the ductility of columns.
Dealing with the Bottom Intersection Problem in Isopycnic-Coordinate Models Using the Flooding Algorithm
Authors: Miao Chun Bao , Lv Xian Qing
Published: November 2012

In isopycnic-coordinate models, special algorithm is required to compute the horizontal pressure force on steep bottom slopes. The “extrapolation” algorithm which constructs an “underground” estimate of pressure force using extrapolation was used in previous studies to deal with the bottom intersection problem. However, extrapolation will definitely introduce some errors, and would not be the best way to deal with this problem. In this paper, the flooding algorithm which is traditionally used to simulate transient flooding of coastlines caused by tides or tsunamis is used in the isopycnic-coordinate model to deal with the bottom intersection problem. The two algorithms were compared in the test case with a two-dimensional isolated Gaussian topography. The results of comparison indicate that the flooding algorithm performs better in dealing with the bottom intersection problem especially with the situation where interfaces near the bottom topography are going upwards.
On Asymptotically Non-Expansive Self-Maps in Metric Spaces and Related Stability of Dynamic Systems
Authors: de La Sen Manuel , Ibeas Asier , Garrido Aitor J.
Published: November 2012

This paper investigates self-maps which satisfy a distance constraint in a metric space which mixed point-dependent non-expansive properties, or in particular contractive ones, and potentially expansive properties related to some distance threshold. The above mentioned constraint is feasible in certain real -world problems of usefulness, for instance, when discussing ultimate boundedness in dynamic systems guaranteeing Lyapunov stability. This fact makes the proposed analysis to be potentially useful to investigate global stability properties in dynamic systems in the potential presence of some locally unstable equilibrium points. The results can potentially be applied to stability problems of dynamics systems and circuit theory as the given examples suggest
Design and Energy Analysis for Eco-Community Based on Constructed Marine Wetland
Authors: Zhao Jing De , Zhang Li Zhi , Zhu Yan Bin
Published: November 2012

A design concept of eco-community based on constructed marine wetland is proposed. Constructed marine wetland can clean up seawater, which is not only helpful to reduce the corrosion of seawater on the pipeline of the seawater heat pump system, but also remove the thermal impact of discharged cooling water on ocean. Energy analysis simulation of a typical coastal eco-community in Xiamen city is conducted. This investigation shows that the eco-community has higher efficiency of energy and water usage than conventional chiller with cooling tower system.
Service Based E-Learning System Model Using IRT
Authors: Choi Hae Gill , Jeong Hwa Young
Published: November 2012

This paper aim to make a model for service based e-learning system. To consider the efficient learning process, we use web service technology as learning process logic. And we are also considering IRT to improve learning effect, and the method can help to analyze the user’s learning score and feedback their learning course.