bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Realization and Optimization of Quantum Equivalent Circuits of Reversible Combinational Circuits
Authors: Kamaraj A. , Marichamy P. , Kaviyashri K. P.
Published: June 2020

Energy dissipation is the important constrain in the design and implementation of VLSI circuits. Usage of Reversible logic circuit is the best solution for lower energy dissipation. In this paper, basic reversible gates and some existing gates and KMD gates are realized using the Quantum
Equivalent structure and the Controlled-V and V+ gate structure from their functional expression. Using the qubit gate reduction procedure of quantum circuit, the quantum cost and number of primitive gates of the functional expression are deduced. After synthesizing
the Quantum Cost (QC), Gate count (GC), Garbage Output (GO), number of gates, constant inputs are compared with the non-optimized circuit. The quantum circuit and controlled V and V+ structure are realized in RCViewer+ tool using .tfc (“Toffoli-Fredkin
Cascade”) code.
An Algorithmic Analysis on Load Balancing and Workflow Scheduling in Cloud
Authors: Tamil Thendral M. , Godfrey Winster S.
Published: June 2020

Cloud computing is a paradigm for facilitating omnipresent, comfortable, on-demand network access to shared provisions of configurable computing resources like servers, applications, networks, and services that can be quickly provisioned and discharged with minimal management effort
or service provider intercommunication. Data centers are the set of hosts that runs Virtual Machines. The broker submits the requests which are provisioned to the data centers that submit the task. The task or an application that runs is known as cloudlet. The term “Cloud computing”
is to deliver the hosted services on the internet. Each “cloudlet” requires one or more computing resources from the cloud to complete its job. The executions of these sub-tasks use a scheduling algorithm in a particular fashion. Hence, one of the most important issues is that
executing a large number of workflow in cloud environment and consumption of resources. The work proposes literature about the scheduling algorithm that resolves the conflict in the allocation of resources and manages the resource provisioning at dynamic to each task in any workflow. This
paper proposes an analysis of proposed schemes with different workflow by executing the scheduling algorithm for the cloud workflow. This paper is presented with their objectives, parameters, and limitations and finally concluded with research directions.
A Novel Analysis of Advanced Visual Cryptography Techniques for Providing Security Against Web Attacks Using Support Vector Machine Technique
Authors: Vivek Tammineedi Venkata Satya , Rajavarman V.N.
Published: June 2020

In today’s internet applications such as some real time application services like core banking and other public service oriented application have been major issue in authentication of user specification. To perform online dictionary attacks, passwords have been used for security
and authentication mechanism. Present days, hacking of databases on web oriented applications is unavoidable to access them easily. Data maintenance is a complex task in internet applications. To solve these type of problems in internet applications, in this paper, we proposed a novel Integrated
and Dynamic CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart) (I&D CAPTCHA), which is extension version of existing CAPTCHA that valuated third party human attacks in internet applications based Visual Cryptography approach to discuss about authentication
problem in real time applications. There is more number of methods presented for security in advanced pictures for insurance from inventive uninvolved or dynamic assaults in system correspondence environment. Like insightful Visual Cryptographic (VC) is a cutting edge strategy, which is utilized
to mystery picture safely impart furthermore keep up to privacy. To proceed with difficulties of security in advanced picture information sharing, so in this paper we break down various VC security instruments for computerized picture information offering to regard tomystery information secrecy.
Our examination give effective security answers for relative mystery advanced picture information imparting to correspondence progressively environment. Security aspects are main concepts in present days because of increasing statistical data storage. In Artificial Intelligence (AI) oriented
applications, it is very difficult in terms of protection to increasing new aspects in real time world. So we also plan a Novel and Advanced Security system to enable solution for basic AI problems in this paper. This framework mainly works based on Captcha as visual security passwords (CaRP);
it is two way communication plan which means that, it is the combination of Captcha and visual security plan. Our approach mainly worked with image security with respect to selection of passwords based on random way. In this paper, we also propose AMODS, an adaptive system that periodically
updates the detection model to detect the latest unknown attacks. We also propose an adaptive learning strategy, called SVM HYBRID, leveraged by our system to minimize manual work. Our system out performs existing web attack detectionmethods, with an F-value of 94.79% and FP rate of 0.09%.
The total number of malicious queries obtained by SVM HYBRID is 2.78 times that by the popular Support Vector Machine Adaptive Learning (SVMAL) method. The malicious queries obtained can be used to update the Web Application Firewall (WAF) signature library.
Analyzing Behavioural Pattern of Malware Propagation in Mobile Environment
Authors: Maria Jones G. , Godfrey Winster S.
Published: June 2020

The evolution of mobile devices technology has no longer novelty but the usage of the device has been different from persons to persons with variety of purposes. Due to their compatibility in size and portability, the smart devices are prone to attack. Once a single node of the mobile
network is attacked, it can compromise the entire network. In this paper, a study of malware attacking behavior is done and used fractional discrete model to analysis the attacking and spreading behavior of possible malware in mobile environment is examined. The mobile malware propagation
model is analyzed, and investigated using the stability theory and also proposed a model S (Susceptible state), L (Latent state) and B (Breaking state). Here, basic reproductive number helps to analysis the malware propagation which helps us to find the threshold values. If the reproduction
number is less than one, then the malware free equilibrium state is locally asymptotically stable. Endemic equilibrium state is globally asymptotically stable if reproductive number greater than one. Numerical illustrations assure the consistency of the theoretical analysis and interesting
dynamical behavior of the system is observed.
Experimental Analysis on Level Three Autonomous Rover for Precision Agriculture
Authors: Selvakumar R. , Lakshmi Narasimha Naga Aditya K. , Anudeep N. V. D. K.
Published: June 2020

Agriculture plays the crucial role in survival of people in India. There is a constant need in the robotic industry for an improved efficiency, accessibility and accuracy in the operation of the robotic systems. There is great demand for robotic systems in regions of operation where
a direct human intervention is not possible either because of redundant nature of the task or due to the harmful nature of the region of operation. Robotic systems are increasingly combined with new technologies to automate or semi-automate labor intensive work. The purpose behind this endeavor
is to give embedded based structure to soil checking and water framework to reduce the manual seeing of the field and get the information by methods for compact application. The structure is proposed to help the farmers with expanding the rustic age. The earth is taken a stab at using diverse
sensors, for instance, pH sensor, temperature sensor, and Humidity sensor. In perspective on the result, the farmers can build up the fitting harvest that suits the earth. The obtained sensor values are sent to the field manager through the Wi-Fi router and the crop suggestion is made through
the mobile application.
Framework for Environment Quality Monitoring Using Radial Support Vector Regression
Authors: Uday Kiran K. , Shakeela Shaikh , Sakthi Kumar B. , Rajesh Kumar K. , Shravan Kumar N. , Sree Ram Reddy M. , Pavan Kalyan G. S. R.
Published: June 2020

Air contamination is the difficult issue that one must consider and is brought about by injurious gases present in the climate. For example, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Sulfur Dioxide and so on. The dimensions of quality of the air shifts starting with one spot then onto the next.
As indicated by WHO (World Health Organization) air contamination is the fifth significant reason for heart related diseases, hypertension, poor sustenance and tobacco smoking. Observing the measure of destructive gases over a specific zone can lessen the odds of jeopardize to individuals
and caution to take prudent steps and do fundamental solutions for direct the emanation of harmful climatic gases. The present paper manages the observing of the polluted gases utilizing gas sensor which is connected with Node MCU. The levels of polluted gases sent through web to cloud stages
utilizing MQTT conventions. The information is then sent to ThingSpeak cloud which can be additionally dissected from anyplace in world. Further analysis of the gas levels and estimations of future status of the air quality must be done and in order to carry out the same, high end strategies
are adopted like Machine learning (ML) computation called Support Vector Regression (SVR) using Radial Basis Function (RBF), which is good in class regression analysis in the field of data prediction and significantly utilized for information anticipating. The implementation of proposed ML
algorithm enhances the chances of forecasting close gas levels to actual values. And mean square error analysis gives the performance measure of the proposed model.
Analysis of Data Security in Healthcare Cloud Environment
Authors: John Joseph S. , Godfrey Winster S.
Published: June 2020

In the present scenario, the money blessings of cloud computing thought of vital. Cloud computing provides versatile and potential resources as service for a reduced worth in pay as you go manner. Mainly, it avoiding large expenditure as a result of IT resources are earned on-demand
as needed and obtained as an overhead. Also, the value of workers resources needed to deploy and maintain IT resources are enclosed within the cost of cloud computing. The health care system consists of an oversized quantity of knowledge commonly created from hospitals and health care centers
within the sort of doctors case sheets, hospital admission procedures, discharge outline sheets, patient records, etc. The health care knowledge is employed for the event of patient’s health by the manner of distinctive the health conditions in emergency things. It supports to scale
back the worth of health care solutions of the patients. Health care data needs the main target on 2 major issues particularly data security and privacy of the information. The important nature of the hospital data has to be method and analyzed by some advanced technologies like cloud computing
that is employed to process the information in an economical manner. In most of the prevailing system providing economical security in health care knowledge of cloud, the atmosphere could be a major concern. In our work, we tend to are analyzing electronic health care knowledge supported completely
different parameters by considering their science approaches and comparison of access management strategies.
Extraction and Clustering of Adverse Drugs: Using Twitter Data
Authors: Loganathan V. , Godfrey Winster S.
Published: June 2020

Social media is a place where one can create, update and share both the Public/Private Messages and Updates through various Platforms to several communities. It plays a vital role in our Traditional and Cultural Values. There are different types of Media Platform in which one can communicate
and gets interacted with each other. But many of the people prefer social media like LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, Various Creative and Non Creative blogs and Various YouTube channels. There is a huge transformation in the field of Medicine with marvelous up gradation of speed in social media
networking for the common public. People make use of these social media platform to seek general information regarding medicine and diseases and its symptoms.
Design and Implementation of Intelligent Hybrid Neuro Controller for Automatic Voltage Regulator
Authors: Suri Babu Golla , Chiranjeevi Tirumalasetty
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we presented a hybrid controller by combining the advantages of both PID and Neuro controllers for automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system. A Neuro controller is designed using multilayer feedforward neural network and Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithm is
used for training the network. Also, hybrid controller is achieved by blending the characteristics of classical PID and proposed Neuro controller using a switching mechanism based on the error. The proposed PID, Neuro and Hybrid controllers are simulated in MATLAB environment and their transient
response parameters are compared. The simulation results clearly indicated the improvement in the transient output of the automatic voltage regulator system with proposed hybrid controller even in the presence of uncertainties in the system.
A Simple Instrumentation System for Health Monitoring of Concrete Structures
Authors: Gowri Shankar Rao R. , Rayaguru N. K. , Gouda Pramod Kumar
Published: June 2020

The objective of this work is to develop a simple instrumentation system to assess the healthiness of small concrete structures. There are various methods available for crack detection in concrete structures such as visual inspection, thermography, ultrasonic testing etc. This work
emphasizes on a simple resistance transducer sensor for detection of crack in small concrete structures. The system is integrated with NodeMCU based micro controller which measures the change in resistance with respect to the crack developed. A simple prototype concrete structure is developed
and the performance results is discussed. The experimental results show that proposed method seems to be simple and effective in comparison with other techniques.
Link Stability Inspired Hopping Technique for Detection and Alleviation of Malicious Adversaries
Authors: Pradeepa K. , Saravanan R. , Bharathiraja N.
Published: June 2020

In multi-hop ad hoc network, the network organization exhaustively relies on the trust relationship that exists between the participating mobile nodes of the network. Secure and trustworthy mechanisms are necessary for enforcing collaboration between the mobile nodes. Further, the malicious
adversaries that intentionally injure or compromise network functionality during the process of multi-hop communication need to be detected and isolated from the network. Specifically, malicious adversaries like selfish nodes and root node attacks that exploits the network resources without
rendering cooperation in routing or packet forwarding is a major challenge that need to be handled. The core aim of this proposed Link Stability Inspired Hopping Technique concentrates on the classification of mobile nodes into malicious and benevolent nodes based on the computation of link
stability factor. This discrimination between the mobile nodes is achieved by the computation of Contention count, Signal strength, Hop determination, Link energy availability and normalized multi-objective optimization function for facilitating the elimination of malicious adversaries so
as to improve the rate of data dissemination in the network. The interactions between the mobile nodes are periodically monitored for testing its link stability based on which the mobile nodes may be identified as co-operative and malicious.
An Automated Learning Model of Conventional Neural Network Based Sentiment Analysis on Twitter Data
Authors: Neelakandan S. , Paulraj D.
Published: June 2020

Twitter is an internet based life broadly utilized by individuals to transport their feelings and show estimations on various circumstances. Supposition examination is a capacity to watch information and recover conclusion examination that it typifies. Twitter opinion investigation
is an intrigue of supposition see on information from Twitter (tweets), in arrangement to disconnect mentality get by the client. In the previous decades, the exploration in this field has reliably developed. The purpose for this is the trying organization of the tweets which makes the handle
troublesome. The tweet position is little web based life administrations which start a total new component of interchanges like utilization of slang, contractions and so on. In this composition paper, we mean to examination on Twitter fixing, to show up the procedure grasp and similar examination
of existing capacity for mining like glossary based introduction. Further we worn unalike machine guidance calculations to evaluate cadent like Naïve bayes, and Support incline Machine. We have additionally explored demand of nostalgic Analysis and general difficulties on twitter.
Privacy Based Preservation in Multi Cloud Environment Using Attribute Level Trusted Access Measure Technique
Authors: Siva Kumar A. , Godfrey Winster S.
Published: June 2020

The Portent of data security in cloud setting is well studied. There are number of approaches has been discussed for the data security in multi cloud environments. The previous methods suffer to achieve higher performance in data security and privacy preservation. To improve the performance,
an attribute level trusted access measure is presented. The method classifies the user data into several classes and for each class of attributes different access restriction has been enforced. The access between different cloud has been restricted based on the attribute level trusted access
measure (ALTAM). The ALTAM measure for each request has been estimated based on the depth of privacy has been accessed by the request and the number of data values the user has access in the cloud and outside the cloud. Based on all these the method estimates the trust measure. According to
the trust measure, the method restrict the access of data in multi cloud environments. The method produces efficient result in access restriction and privacy preservation.
Low Power Structural Design of 2–4 and 4–16 Line Decoder Logic Circuit
Authors: Chowdhury Nikita Kar , Dhanabal R. , Ramakrishnan V. N.
Published: June 2020

An analysis of low power 2–4 decoder and 4–16 decoders are made and comparing it with the proposed decoders. The decoder logic circuit have been made utilizing Dual Value Logic (DVL) and Transmission gate logic to actualize a fourteen transistors 2–4 decoder for limiting
the transistor count. By utilizing 2–4 pre-decoders and post-decoders to execute 4–16 decoder. Blended digital logic is additionally utilized for this reason. In correlation we have execute a solitary 2–4 decoder with least transistor check and low power utilization which
is utilized to structure a 4–16 decoder. CADENCE Virtuoso simulation at 90 nm technology is used and calculated the power and area. We thus made a tabular comparison of our results with the results from previous researches.
Automatic Controlled Wheel Chair Using Multi-Intelligence Technique
Authors: Cheedella Nagaram , Andanapalli Kumarraja , Cheepurupalli Raghuram
Published: June 2020

Tremendous magnification in medical technology is incrementing day by day with excellent remedying methodologies and making persons to be salubrious, but paralysis disease is unable to remedy perpetually whereas partial remedying is possible. Peoples are affected with plenarily and/or
quarterly paralyzed persons were unable to survive themselves, even though with felicitous medication is available. Paralyzed persons need an opportune conveyance to move themselves independently for their personal needs. Now a day’s advancement of automation in electric conveyance designs
is predicated on the desideratum of application. In this paper, a new wheelchair design methodology was presented with multi controlled schemes for the fully or partially paralyzed persons to move independently without help of any caretaker. Three controlling schemes were developed and integrated
to make the robust of the wheelchair design. A prototype model is developed and presents in the paper, it was tested rigorously to analyze the performance of the proposed methodology. Results show the efficacy of the method.
Deep Survey and Comparative Analysis of Medical Image Processing
Authors: Durgadevi P. , Vijayalakshmi S.
Published: June 2020

Biomedical picture handling has encountered emotional extension, and has been an interdisciplinary research field drawing in skill from connected arithmetic, PC sciences, building, insights, material science, science and medication. PC helped indicative handling has just turned into
a critical piece of clinical daily schedule. Joined by a surge of new advancement of high innovation and utilization of different imaging modalities, more difficulties emerge; for instance, how to process and dissect a huge volume of pictures so top notch data can be delivered for sickness
findings and treatment. The foremost destinations of this course are to give a prologue to essential ideas and strategies for medicinal picture preparing and to advance interests for further examination and research in restorative imaging handling. We will present the Medical Image Processing
and abridge related research work here and portray late cutting edge strategies Restorative imaging is regularly seen to assign the arrangement of procedures that noninvasively produce pictures of the inside part of the body. The arrangement of numerical opposite issues has been done with
the help of therapeutic imaging. The ultrasonic weight waves and echoes that go inside the tissue to demonstrate the inward structure in medical ultrasonography. In projectional radiography X-beam radiation, which is grouped with respect to its rates and tissue types such as bone, muscle,
and fat. As the quality of medical imaging affects analysis that medical image processing has become a vital and the clinical applications wants to store and retrieve images for future purpose needs some suitable process to store those images in details. The paper discusses the general concept
of medical image processing.
A New Approach for Sclera Segmentation Using Integro Differential Operator
Authors: Gokul Rajan V. , Vijayalakshmi S.
Published: June 2020

Sclera vessel patterns are one of the most reliable biometrics against performance, accessibility and availability. Sclera segmentation is the important phase of sclera recognition system as its performance depends on the segmentation accuracy. The big challenge in segmentation is nonlinearity
of iris, sclera and upper and lower eyelid. This paper proposes a new approach to isolate the sclera accurately from the unconditionally acquired eye image. Hough transform and Integro differential operator (IDO) are popularly used to confine the iris and sclera boundary. Both of these two
localizations are done based on the midpoint of the iris. These techniques produce better results as compared with other approaches but computation of iris center point incurs more time. To overcome this time consumption issue gabor based filter has been used. Experimental results are listed
based on the UBIRIS database images. The experimental result shows that the proposed segmentation system will produce fast and accurate result.
Design of Montgomery Multiplier for High Speed Pairing Computation with Modified Compressor for Floating-point Unit
Authors: Dhanabal R. , Ramakrishnan V. N.
Published: June 2020

Pairings are adorable and captive cryptographic primitives for endowing different unique and effective information security schemes. Cryptosystem is generally attained using repeated modular multiplication for integers in large volume. To gear the security providing process high speed
Montgomery multiplication modular VLSI architectures and algorithms and adapt addition by carry save method to prevent the carry propagation for every addition operation in add-shift loop. The suggested architecture consumes less energy and through put is high. In extension the compressor
is modified with modified Kogge-stone adder to prominently increase the speed of the circuit.
Efficient Half Face Detection System Based on Linear Binary Pattern
Authors: Upadhyay Ashutosh , Vijayalakshmi S.
Published: June 2020

In the field of computer vision, face detection algorithms achieved accuracy to a great extent, but for the real time applications it remains a challenge to maintain the balance between the accuracy and efficiency i.e., to gain accuracy computational cost also increases to deal with
the large data sets. This paper, propose half face detection algorithm to address the efficiency of the face detection algorithm. The full face detection algorithm consider complete face data set for training which incur more computation cost. To reduce the computation cost, proposed model
captures the features of the half of the face by assuming that the human face is symmetric about the vertical axis passing through the nose and train the system using reduced half face features. The proposed algorithm extracts Linear Binary Pattern (LBP) features and train model using adaboost
classifier. Algorithm performance is presented in terms of the accuracy i.e., True Positive Rate (TPR), False Positive Rate (FTR) and face recognition time complexity.
Comparative Analysis and Proposal of Deep Learning Based Colorectal Cancer Polyps Classification Technique
Authors: Tanwar Sushama , Vijayalakshmi S.
Published: June 2020

The information hidden in an image is worth more than a thousand words. Proper analysis of a medical image can help in timely detection and diagnose of a disease which increases the rate of survival of cancer patients. Analysis of images manually is subjective and time consuming. On
the other hand, automated analysis of a medical image has a lot of challenges due to the architecture and colors of the medical images. This paper, gives a survey on detection, classification and diagnosis of colorectal cancer and proposes a deep learning based techniques to differentiate
between healthy tissues and cancerous polyps in histology images. It also compares the accuracy of three different classification frameworks namely Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). It also presents the overview of the
work done in this field. It first discusses basic deep learning methods and then the known techniques used for detection, classification and diagnosis of colorectal cancer followed by the comparative analysis of all the surveyed paper. Finally, it talks about the conclusion, challenges and
the future scope of the progress in this field.
Trash Monitoring and Alerting System Using Internet of Things
Authors: Thilagam T. , Ananthi S. N. , Padmavathy T. , Lallithashri A.
Published: June 2020

Waste management is primitive problem faced by around the world this case is Developed or developing country. Since flooding of garbage bins the reproducing of germs and it makes awful wellbeing condition for the general population by spreading a few savage sicknesses, to keep away
from such circumstance, wanting to plan a smart bins means it contains some sensors like IR sensor, weight sensor, photoelectric sensor and Radio frequency identification (RFID) CARD reader with help of these improve squander accumulation and keep up the neatness of the area. Internet of Things
(IoT) is changing into associate more and more growing conception each in geographical point and out of doors of it. In this paper, we intends to structure an IoT based trash bin will consequently and constantly intimate the status of the trash in to the Municipality with help of IR sensing
element it’ll send the information to the specialists United Nations office responsible for that correct space. Thus, the specific specialists can get the messages until the point that the bin is squashed and the each bin is given a specific ID it will in showcase in the screen of the
revered officer and that they will take immediate action. The district laborers get the notice and they can find the region evacuate the trash receptacle supplant the enhanced one.
Authentication Process in Smart Card Using Sha-256
Authors: Teju V. , NagaSai Krishna N. , Deepesh Reddy K. V.
Published: June 2020

Smart cards are related to the issues of security. The applications of smart card are manipulated in hardware, software and telecommunications which appears to be a big issue. In this paper we introduce a new design which is a secured 2 level processing in authentication which uses
the number of the pin as 1st authenticated level by the use of SHA-256. OTP is brought as a 2nd authenticated processing level. The project is to generate an OTP using the sha-256 hashing algorithm. As the program initiates, ‘local host: 8080/view’ is typed in the web browser to
bring up the front end of the application. Client and server nodes are created in the client node, the column for the username, credentials, messages and the trust values created while on server node, name and user credentials are created.
Image Enhancement Using Wavelet Based Image Fusion and Power Law Transform
Authors: Sujatha M. , Srilekha G. , Tina Kommula , Tulasi Tella Sri , Harish K.
Published: June 2020

One of the best branches of data fusion is Image Fusion and Power law transform is having its own importance in image enhancement. The future applications will be mainly based on image brightness and image sharpness. The enhanced images provide better information than the low-quality
blur images. In this paper, we acquired a solitary image which introduces better execution under a few assessment criteria’s by combining wavelet transform with power law transformation for the images at around various locales. Wavelet transform is basically utilized as a result of its
natural property that is, they are repetitive and move variation. It changes image into various scales. In power law transformation one must pick the example showing up in the transform capacity with the end goal that it doesn’t corrupt the nature of the image. The empirical results
are better for proposed algorithm compare with state of art algorithms.
Design and Optimization of E Shape Multi Band Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Fractal Geometry for Wireless Communication
Authors: Akkole Suresh , Vasudevan N.
Published: June 2020

In this paper an E shaped multiband fractal microstrip antenna proposed. The proposed E structure uses self similar fractal concept. The geometry is extended up to two iteration which resonates at seven multiband frequencies. The proposed antenna operates in 1–2 GHz (L-band),
2–4 GHz (S-band) and 4–8 GHz (C-band) frequencies and finds uses for military and secure long distance communication and C band frequency uses like satellite communication, Wi-Fi, and Radio Detection and Ranging. All designed antennas are optimized by IE3D antenna simulation tool
with FR-4 material having 4.4 dielectric constant and loss tangent = 0.02. The parameters of all antennas have been examined in terms of directivity, VSWR, return loss, resonant frequency, bandwidth and gain.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of low temperature carburizing layer on AISI 440C martensitic stainless steel
Authors: Gao Fei , Zong Xiaoming , Tian Ling , Quan Sijia
Published: June 2020

In this study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 440C martensitic stainless steel with low temperature carburizing (LTC) layers were investigated by microscopes, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Vickers indenter and pin-on-disc test device, etc. LTC treatment was conducted
at 420 °C for 10–40 h on the quenched-tempered steel samples by pack method. Results indicated that the LTC layers formed on base metal exhibited compact and regular morphology, and carbon-expanded martensite (α′c), Fe3C and Cr23C6 compounds
were examined in the LTC layers by XRD analysis. Besides, the layer hardness from 1430 to 1720 HV0.025 with processing time increased, which was approximately three times higher than that of the specimen without LTC treatment. However, as the processing time increased, the adhesion
strength of LTC layers deteriorated and the indentation grade decreased from HF1 to HF3. In addition, the wear resistance was significantly improved after the LTC treatment, and the wear rate of the LTC layer decreased by 93.7% in comparison with the untreated condition.
Production and enzymatic degradation of poly(ε-caprolactone)/graphene oxide composites
Authors: Martínez-Ramón V. , Castilla-Cortázar I. , Vidaurre A. , Campillo-Fernández A. J.
Published: June 2020

Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based composites containing different graphene oxide (GO) contents (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 wt%) were produced by the solution mixing method followed by compression molding and enzymatically degraded in a pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution containing Pseudomonas
lipase at 37 °C. Morphological changes, molecular weight, calorimetric and mechanical properties were analyzed according to graphene oxide content. The study of tensile properties showed that the composites increased their Young’s modulus, while tensile strength and elongation
at break decreased to significantly less than that of neat PCL. PCL composite crystallinity was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that incorporating GO can reduce nucleation activity as well as crystallization rates, from 67.6% for neat PCL to 50.6% for a composite
with 0.5 wt% GO content. For enzymatic degradation, the weight loss data showed that incorporating GO into the PCL significantly altered enzymatic degradation. The presence of GO did not alter PCL’s hydrolysis mechanism, but did slow down composite enzymatic degradation in proportion
to the percentage of filler content.
CD44-specific A6 nano-short peptide enhances the targeting and mechanism of doxorubicin on the surface of polymers for multiple myeloma
Authors: Huang Li , Hu Shanshan , Gao Xinfang
Published: June 2020

In this study, we sought to prepare epirubicin immunonanoparticles and observe their antibody activity, drug release in vitro, and antitumor effects in vitro. Epirubicin nanoparticles (e-adm-nps) were synthesized using the polyelectrolyte complex method, and monoclonal
antibody nanoparticles were synthesized using a chemical cross-linking method. The antibody activity of epirubicin monoclonal antibody nanoparticles (emadm ab nps) was detected by ELISA, the drug release in vitro was measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and the cytotoxic effect
in vitro was detected using a thiazole blue assay. The average particle size of e-adm-ab-nps was 190 (±21) mm, and the antibody activity was well preserved. in vitro drug release analysis showed that e-admab-nps had sustained-release characteristics, and the cumulative
release of e-adm-ab-nps reached 93.46% in 10 days. The cytotoxic effect of e-adm in vitro was time-dependent over 1 to 6 days, and dose-dependent over 1 to 10 days, although the difference between e-adm-ab-nps and e-adm at the same concentrations was not statistically significant (P
> 0.05). E-adm-abnps show a sustained-release effect and immune activity, can prolong the effective time of e-adm for mouse multiple myeloma cells, and have no effect on the biological activity of epirubicin.
Poly(-caprolactone)/graphene oxide composite systems: A comparative study on hydrolytic degradation at extreme pH values
Authors: Campillo-Fernández Alberto J. , González-Reed Pablo , Vidaurre Ana , Castilla-Cortázar Isabel
Published: June 2020

Polycaprolactone/Graphene oxide (PCL/GO) composites are shown to be promising substrates for tissue engineering as their degradation behavior is a key aspect in this type of application. The present paper studies the effect of different GO contents (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 wt%) of PCL/GO composites
on accelerated hydrolytic degradation at extreme pH values. Degradation kinetics at pH 13 is strongly affected by GO content, and speed up at higher percentages. The composite with 0.5 wt% of GO was completely degraded in 72 hours, while degradation at pH 1 presents a different profile and
seems to have an induction period that lasts more than 1500 hours. Morphological changes, molecular weight distribution, weight loss, degree of swelling and calorimetric properties were investigated as a function of degradation time. According to the results obtained, the addition of small
percentages of GO significantly influences the degradation behavior of the composites acting as degradation modulators.
Effective optical nanoparticles and nanocomposites based on a carbon nanotubes-organic—inorganic nanohybrid for industrial pollutant removal
Authors: Alshoaibi Adil
Published: June 2020

Improving the optical properties of zinc oxide to meet the practical requirements of photocatalytic reactions and solar cells is an ongoing challenge. To address this challenge, different nanostructures of ZnO were prepared from an organic—inorganic-CNTs nanohybrid. The nanohybrid
was formed through intercalation of the long chain fatty acid C17H35COOH and carbon nanotubes into Zn–Al nanolayered structures. X-ray diffraction revealed an increase in the interlayer spacing of the Zn–Al layered double hydroxides from 0.75 nm to 2.1 nm
after admixing with the CNTs and organic fatty acid. Thermal analyses and FTIR confirmed the formation of the CNTs–C18–Zn–Al nanohybrid. Three different thermal treatments were used to transform the nanohybrid into nanostructures of doped zinc oxide nanoparticles
and zinc aluminum oxide nanocomposites. As a result of changes in the nano size and structure, the band gap energy of the products decreased from 3.3 eV to 1.8 eV, to give efficient photocatalysts. The nanomaterials were used to purify water through the photocatalytic degradation of colored
pollutants under UV light. A kinetic study showed that water purification was achieved within a short time, demonstrating the effectiveness of the nanomaterials. The nanohybrid and its derivatives are attractive materials for designing-efficient photocatalysts for pollutant degradation.
Characteristics of W thin film deposited by indirect inductively coupled plasma assisted sputtering
Authors: Kim Tae Hyung , Kim Kyong Nam , Kim Dong Woo , Yeom Geun Young
Published: June 2020

Tungsten (W) has a short electron mean free path (EMFP) of 19 nm and a high melting point (3673 K), and, therefore, is being actively studied as one of the next generation thin interconnector materials replacing Cu. In this study, DC magnetron sputtering of W thin film assisted by indirect
inductively coupled plasma (ICP) (where, the ICP is located near the substrate) has been investigated for the deposition of 20 nm thick W thin films with a low resistivity and the results were compared with those deposited by direct ICP assisted DC magnetron (where, the ICP is located near
the DC magnetron). The W thin films deposited with the indirect ICP assisted sputtering showed the continuous decrease of the W resistivity from 76.5 (0 W) to 22.2 (500 W) Ohm-cm with the increase of ICP power. In the case of W thin film deposited with direct ICP assisted sputtering, even
though the resistivity was initially decreased with the ICP power, the resistivity was increased at high ICP powers due to the increased W surface roughness. The lower W resistivity at high ICP powers for the indirect ICP assisted DC sputtering was related to the change of crystal structure
to BCC from A-15 and lower oxygen content in the film due to the higher ion flux to the substrate without increasing the surface roughness.
A comparative study of Cx(x = 4, 5, 7)F8 plasmas for dry etch processing
Authors: Sung Da In , Tak Hyun Woo , Kim Dong Woo , Yeom Geun Young
Published: June 2020

In this study, the SiO2 etch characteristics of perfluorocarbon such as C4F8, C5F8, and C7F8 were investigated using inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) to study the effect of a high C/F ratio on the etch characteristics
of SiO2 for the ICP. The SiO2 rates and etch selectivities over Si3N4 and amorphous carbon layer (ACL) were measured by using the mixtures of Cx(x = 4, 5, 7)F8/Ar/O2. The higher C/F ratio of perfluorocarbon
showed lower SiO2 etch rate but exhibited higher etch selectivities over Si3N4 and ACL due to the higher C2 while keeping the similar F in the plasma as observed by optical emission spectroscopy and due to the thicker fluorocarbon layer with more
carbon-rich fluorocarbon on the materials surface as observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Especially, C7F8 is environmentally benign material because it not only has a relatively low global warming potential but also can be captured easily using a capture system
(a liquid state at the room temperature). Therefore, C7F8 could be applicable as one of the next generation perfluorocarbon etching materials.
Will Weather Dampen Self-Driving Vehicles?
Authors: Walker Curtis L. , Boyce Brenda , Albrecht Christopher P. , Siems-Anderson Amanda
Published: June 2020

Innovative technologies that support implementation of automated vehicles continue to develop at a rapid pace. These advances strive to increase efficiency and safety throughout the global transportation network. One important challenge to these emergent technologies that remains underappreciated is how the vehicles will perform in adverse weather. Each year, weather-related vehicular crashes account for approximately 21% of all highway crashes in the United States. These crashes result in over 5,300 fatalities, injure over 418,000 people, and cost billions of dollars in insurance claims, liability, emergency services, congestion delays, rehabilitation, and environmental damage annually. Automated vehicles have the potential to significantly mitigate these statistics; however, public, private, and academic partnerships between the meteorological and transportation communities must be established to develop solutions to weather impacts now. To date, such interactions have been sparse and largely contribute to a lack of awareness in how these two communities may collaborate together. The purpose of this manuscript is to call the meteorological community to action and proactive engagement with the transportation community. A secondary goal is to make the transportation community aware of the advantages of teaming with the weather enterprise. Automated vehicles will not only increase travel safety, but also have benefits to the meteorological community through increasing availability of high-resolution surface data observations. The future challenges of these emergent technologies in the context of road weather implications focus on vehicle situational awareness and technological sensing capability in all weather conditions, and transforming how drivers and vehicles are informed of weather threats beyond sensing capabilities.
The EUSTACE Project: Delivering Global, Daily Information on Surface Air Temperature
Authors: Rayner Nick A. , Auchmann Renate , Bessembinder Janette , Brönnimann Stefan , Brugnara Yuri , Capponi Francesco , Carrea Laura , Dodd Emma M. A. , Ghent Darren , Good Elizabeth , Høyer Jacob L. , Kennedy John J. , Kent Elizabeth C. , Killick Rachel E. , van der Linden Paul , Lindgren Finn , Madsen Kristine S. , Merchant Christopher J. , Mitchelson Joel R. , Morice Colin P. , Nielsen-Englyst Pia , Ortiz Patricio F. , Remedios John J. , van der Schrier Gerard , Squintu Antonello A. , Stephens Ag , Thorne Peter W. , Tonboe Rasmus T. , Trent Tim , Veal Karen L. , Waterfall Alison M. , Winfield Kate , Winn Jonathan , Woolway R. Iestyn
Published: June 2020

Day-to-day variations in surface air temperature affect society in many ways, but daily surface air temperature measurements are not available everywhere. Therefore, a global daily picture cannot be achieved with measurements made in situ alone and needs to incorporate estimates from satellite retrievals. This article presents the science developed in the EU Horizon 2020–funded EUSTACE project (2015–19, www.eustaceproject.org) to produce global and European multidecadal ensembles of daily analyses of surface air temperature complementary to those from dynamical reanalyses, integrating different ground-based and satellite-borne data types. Relationships between surface air temperature measurements and satellite-based estimates of surface skin temperature over all surfaces of Earth (land, ocean, ice, and lakes) are quantified. Information contained in the satellite retrievals then helps to estimate air temperature and create global fields in the past, using statistical models of how surface air temperature varies in a connected way from place to place; this needs efficient statistical analysis methods to cope with the considerable data volumes. Daily fields are presented as ensembles to enable propagation of uncertainties through applications. Estimated temperatures and their uncertainties are evaluated against independent measurements and other surface temperature datasets. Achievements in the EUSTACE project have also included fundamental preparatory work useful to others, for example, gathering user requirements, identifying inhomogeneities in daily surface air temperature measurement series from weather stations, carefully quantifying uncertainties in satellite skin and air temperature estimates, exploring the interaction between air temperature and lakes, developing statistical models relevant to non-Gaussian variables, and methods for efficient computation.
Distributing Computing Devices in Classrooms: Hedonic and Utilitarian Influences on Science and Technology Attitudes
Authors: Sah Young June , Makki Taj W. , Cotten Shelia R. , Rikard R. V.
Published: June 2020

While extensive efforts have been made to harness benefit of computing technologies in education, little attention focuses on how such efforts lead to students’ positive attitudes toward science and technology. Building on the technology acceptance model and motivation literature, the current study proposed that hands-on experiences with computing devices allow students to perceive their technology use as being useful and enjoyable, which in turn leads to positive attitudes toward science and technology in general. Data collected from a pedagogical intervention support our predictions regarding the role of utility perception and enjoyment. Furthermore, it is suggested that students’ prior attitudes toward science and technology and the type of device used in the intervention influence perceived usefulness and enjoyment of classroom computing. When using education-specific devices, students’ prior attitudes were positively associated with postintervention attitudes as well as with utility perception and enjoyment. When using general-purpose devices, however, students’ prior attitudes were not related to those outcomes. These results imply that distribution of technologies to schools may improve attitudes toward science and technology, particularly in populations that have been underrepresented in the fields of science and technology thus far.
Political Corruption and Cost of Equity
Authors: Hossain Ashrafee Tanvir , Kryzanowski Lawrence
Published: June 2020

Using U.S. Department of Justice data on state-level political corruption, we find that, consistent with the Harmful Corruption Environment Hypothesis (HCEH), firms situated in states with higher levels of corruption incur higher costs of equity (CoEs). These results are robust for additional controls, propensity score matching, use of instrumental variables, exogenous shocks, and alternate measures for main dependent and primary independent research variables. Our study extends the stream of literature that investigates the influence of local ethical or trust factors on CoE and complements works by El Ghoul and colleagues and Gupta and colleagues.