bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genomic comparison of non-typhoidal salmonella isolated from pig farms with different levels of intensification in Yangon Region, Myanmar
Authors: Trung Nguyen Vinh , Zaw Moe Aung , May Than Hlaing , Bich Chieu Tran Thi , Mukarram Hossain A. S. Md , Trung Thanh Nguyen , Yen Huynh Xuan , Yen Phung Le Kim , Nghia Nguyen Huu , Murray Gemma G. R. , Su Wai Thiri , Thein Maw Min , Myint Hnin Thidar , Win Ye Tun , Wood James , Thwaites Guy , Maskell Duncan J. , Tucker Alexander W. , Hoa Ngo Thi
Published: September 2024

In Myanmar, where backyard, semi-intensive, and intensive pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) farming coexist, there is limited understanding of the zoonotic risks and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with these farming practices. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, AMR and genomic features of Salmonella in pig farms in the Yangon region and the impact of farm intensification to provide evidence to support risk-based future management approaches. Twenty-three farms with different production scales were sampled for two periods with three sampling-visit each. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and whole-genome sequencing were performed on the isolates. The prevalence of Salmonella was 44.5% in samples collected from backyard farms, followed by intensive (39.5%) and semi-intensive farms (19.5%). The prevalence of multi-drug resistant isolates from intensive farms (45/84, 53.6%) was higher than those from backyard (32/171, 18.7%) and semi-intensive farms (25/161, 15.5%). Among 28 different serovars identified, S. Weltevreden (40; 14.5%), S. Kentucky (38; 13.8%), S. Stanley (35, 12.7%), S. Typhimurium (22; 8.0%) and S. Brancaster (20; 7.3%) were the most prevalent serovars and accounted for 56.3% of the genome sequenced strains. The diversity of Salmonella serovars was highest in semi-intensive and backyard farms (21 and 19 different serovars, respectively). The high prevalence of globally emerging S. Kentucky ST198 was detected on backyard farms. The invasive-infection linked typhoid-toxin gene (cdtB) was found in the backyard farm isolated S. Typhimurium, relatively enriched in virulence and AMR genes, presented an important target for future surveillance. While intensification, in terms of semi-intensive versus backyard production, maybe a mitigator for zoonotic risk through a lower prevalence of Salmonella, intensive production appears to enhance AMR-associated risks. Therefore, it remains crucial to closely monitor the AMR and virulence potential of this pathogen at all scales of production. The results underscored the complex relationship between intensification of animal production and the prevalence, diversity and AMR of Salmonella from pig farms in Myanmar.
Exploring the influence of historical storytelling on cultural heritage tourists’ revisit intention: A case study of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang
Authors: Yuxin Feng , Jianpeng Qin , Xiaoyu Lv , Yunxia Tian , Weilong Meng
Published: September 2024

The revisit intention of tourists has long been a focal point of academic inquiry. However, there is still insufficient research on the antecedents of revisit intention from the perspectives of historical storytelling, destination image and perceived value. Taking the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as a case study, this paper, based on stimulus–organism–response (SOR) theory, examines the impact of historical storytelling on the destination image, perceived value, and revisit intention. Additionally, it further explores the mediating role of destination image and perceived value, as well as the moderating effect of place attachment in this chain. The research findings indicate that: (1) Historical storytelling significantly enhances tourists’ perception of the tourism experience and revisit intention; (2) The study supports the mediating effect of destination image and perceived value; (3) Place attachment has a significant positive moderating effect between historical storytelling and revisit intention. Effective historical storytelling can significantly enhance destination image and perceived value, improve tourists’ participation and satisfaction in tourism, stimulate revisit intention, and promote the sustainable development of tourist destinations. These findings enrich the research content of cultural heritage tourism, providing valuable suggestions for improving the management level of cultural heritage tourism attractions and increasing visitors’ revisit intention.
Intermediate hepatitis C virus (HCV) endemicity and its genotype distribution in Myanmar: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Phyo Zayar , Ko Ko , Ouoba Serge , Sugiyama Aya , Mirzaev Ulugbek Khudayberdievich , Akuffo Golda Ataa , Chhoung Chanroth , Akita Tomoyuki , Tanaka Junko
Published: September 2024

Background

Comprehensive details on Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Myanmar are lacking. This study determined the prevalence of HCV antibodies and ribonucleic acid (RNA) and the distribution of HCV genotypes across different populations in Myanmar from 1990 to 2023.

Material and methods

A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and local journals identified studies reporting on HCV antibodies, RNA, and genotypes, excluding clinical research related to liver disease prognosis. Screening and data extraction was done by two authors and study populations were categorized into low-risk, high-risk, liver disease patients, and refugees outside the country. The pooled prevalence was performed by Dersimonian and Laird method using the R program. The publication bias was shown by funnel plot, the Egger test was used to assess the symmetry of the plot, and the heterogeneity was examined by the Cochran Q test and I2 index.

Results

Out of 135 reports screened for eligibility, 35 reports comprising 51 studies were included in which 33 studies provided data on HCV seroprevalence in 685,403 individuals, 8 studies reported HCV RNA prevalence in 25,018 individuals, and 10 studies examined HCV genotypes in 1,845 individuals. The pooled seroprevalence of HCV among low-risk, high-risk, liver disease patients and refugees were 2.18%, 37.07%, 33.84%, and 2.52% respectively. HCV RNA-positive rates in these groups were 1.40%, 5.25%, 24.96%, and 0.84% respectively. Seroprevalence studies showed publication bias (Egger test, p = 0.0001), while RNA studies did not (Egger test, p = 0.8392). HCV genotype 3 was predominant in all sub-groups in Myanmar.

Conclusion

Our study shows Myanmar has intermediate HCV endemicity with lowest HCV prevalence of 2.18% in low-risk groups and highest prevalence of 37.07% in high- risk groups. However, the findings highlight the need for further epidemiological studies to understand actual disease burden and implement effective countermeasures to achieve the WHO’s goal of HCV elimination by 2030.
A retrospective characterization of pediatric facemasks marketed in the United States and implications for future designs
Authors: Hasani Ali , Ibarra Bryan , Snodderly Kirstie , Rottach Dana , Qian BiFeng , Porter Daniel , Guha Suvajyoti
Published: September 2024

Background

Device manufacturers who seek to market their pediatric facemasks in the United States (U.S.), as part of anthropometric data requirement, need to demonstrate their mask designs are expected to fit the intended user population. However, currently there are no well accepted test methodologies for pediatric facemasks. In addition, unlike N95 respirators, the expected maximum flow rate, and the pressure drop at that expected maximum flow rate for pediatric facemasks have not been established.

Method

The objective of this article is three-fold; use a literature survey to determine the worst-case flow rate, and an acceptable breathing resistance; and come up with a bench-test based protocol for assessing fit of pediatric facemasks.

Results & discussion

The worst-case breathing flow rate for mask testing in the pediatric population is 45–60 Liters/minute (LPM), and the acceptable pressure drop at the worst-case flow rate is 2.0 mmH2O. A retrospective assessment of all the four brands of legally marketed facemasks in the U.S. that could be purchased, revealed that majority of the brands have high filtration efficiency (>95%) at low flow rate 5 LPM which reduces to ~ 80% at 45 LPM. At 5 LPM, the pressure drop ranges from 0.3–0.6 mmH2O, remaining below the 2.0 mmH2O. However, at higher flow rates, (representing strenuous activities, or older children (> 12 years)), most masks exhibited a pressure drop within the range of 2.9 to 6.0 mmH2O. Furthermore, opening the pleats of the facemasks completely results in a notable reduction in pressure drop (a 6.6-fold decrease, p = 0.03). To assess fit of these same brands of facemasks, we then updated our previous validated adult manikin fit-test method and used it in manikins in the age group of 2 to 14 years. Either poor nose-clip adherence to the manikin, low filtration efficiency of the pediatric facemasks, or off-label use (i.e. when donned on manikins representing 2 years to 14 years) contributed to low fit.

Conclusions

A new bench-top tool to evaluate quantitative fit of pediatric facemasks was developed. In addition, based on the research reported here, we provide practical implications for the members of the community: users, academia and medical device manufacturers.
Aircraft deicing based on large vibration of wings
Authors: Du Qian , Wang Piao , Li Dongdong
Published: September 2024

Since aircraft icing will decrease the ability of aircraft to generate lift, it is significant to consider the aircraft deicing problem. The paper presents an aircraft deicing method based on the cracking of the ice layer caused by the large deformations of wings. To describe the deformation of wings, the absolute coordinate-based formulation is used. The aircraft with high aspect ratio wings is simplified as a hub-beam system. Such a rigid-flexible system with the fast rotation speed of hub and the large deformation of the beam is modeled using absolute coordinate-based formulation accurately. The maneuver of the rigid body will lead to the large deformation of wings to do the de-icing. Numerical examples are presented to reveal that the maximum tensile strength on the wing surface with sinusoidal control torques with some amplitudes and frequencies is larger than the ice’s tensile strength. Hence, the proposed de-icing method based on the aircraft maneuvering is potential.
The effect of periodontal treatments on endothelial function in degrees of periodontitis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lyu Jingzhe , Zhang Yiyao , Zhou Run , Ding Cheng , Ye Hong , Fang Qian , Jiang Chunhui , Chen Xijie , Zhong Liangjun
Published: September 2024

Objective

This article focus on patients with moderate-to-severe periodontitis and periodontitis patients with cardiovascular disease. After they received periodontal initial therapy or antimicrobial drug treatment, was there any improvement in endothelial function during short- and long-term followups?

Method

Relevant randomized controlled trials and clinical trials up to 30th June 2024 were identified and retrieved from electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and CNKI databases, with periodontitis therapy, periodontal disease and endothelial function as the keywords. The weighted (WMD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated using a fixed- or random-effect model and assessed heterogeneous results.

Result

Generally, 14 studies published between 2004 and 2022 were eligible for the meta-analysis, which are all randomised clinical trials. A total of 491 periodontitis patients were screened. All participants received whole-mouth supragingival and subgingival scaling and root planing of the teeth, some trials combined with antimicrobial drug treatment as well as extracting teeth that could not be saved. The outcome indicators were measured by flow-mediated dilatation(FMD) levels. The results of the short term (≤3 months) periodontitis initial therapy group showed positive results (WMD = -3.78,95%CI = [-5.49,-2.07], P<0.0001), while the results of the long term (6 months) periodontitis therapy group exhibited significant difference (WMD = -0.96,95%CI = [-2.06,0.14],P = 0.09). Furthermore, study population were categorized according to the severity of periodontitis, the presence of comorbidities, endothelial dysfunction, and the inclusion of extractions and antimicrobial therapy in the treatment process. The effects of each of these factors on FMD were explored and the results of these subgroups all support periodontitis therapy.

Conclusion

The results showed that periodontal treatment enhances endothelial function. Additionally, after subgroup analysis of long-term and short-term follow-up, patients with severe periodontitis, and different periodontal treatments, periodontal therapy was shown to increase FMD levels.
Effect of radiation after surgery on the prognosis of children with Wilms tumor
Authors: Chen Songqiang , Wan Zhisheng , Hu Shaohua , Bu Weizhen , Lu Yiqun , Zhao Zhenli
Published: September 2024

Background

To explore the association between radiation after surgery and the 5-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with Wilms tumor.

Methods

In this cohort study, 1564 participants were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The univariate and multivariable COX proportional risk model as well as competitive risk model were used to explore the covariates associated with 5-year OS and 5-year CSS of patients with Wilms tumor and the correlation between radiation after surgery and 5-year OS or 5-year CSS of patients with Wilms tumor, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier curves of participants were plotted.

Results

The median follow-up was 126.00 (84.00, 178.00) months. Patients receiving surgery had higher 5-year survival probability than those not receiving surgery, while participants receiving radiation after surgery showed poor 5-year survival than those not. After adjusting for covariates including age and SEER stage, increased risk of 5-year overall mortality in patients with Wilms tumor [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–2.41). After the adjustment for confounding factors including age, SEER stage and ethnicity, increased risk of 5-year cancer-specific mortality of patients with Wilms tumor was observed in those receiving radiation after surgery (HR = 1.77, 95%CI: 1.13–2.79).

Conclusion

Radiation after surgery was associated with poor prognosis of patients with Wilms tumor, which indicated that the clinicians should assess whether the patient was suitable for using radiation after surgery.
Self-compassion and association with distress, depression, and anxiety among displaced Syrians: A population-based study
Authors: Alsamman Sarah , Dajani Rana , Al-Delaimy Wael K.
Published: September 2024

Displaced communities are at increased risk of poor mental health with limited resources for treatment. Self-compassion moderates the impacts of stressors on mental health in high-income country general population samples, but its impact has not been described among people who have experienced displacement and associated trauma. The aim of this study was to characterize the associations between self-compassion, mental health, and resilience in a sample of displaced Syrian adults living in Jordan. This is a cross-sectional study using four validated survey tools measuring self-compassion, resilience, mental health, and traumatic exposure. Syrian adults who presented to four different community organizations serving refugees within Amman, Jordan were invited to participate. A total of 272 displaced Syrians were included in the final analysis. A majority of those surveyed were positive for emotional distress (84.6%), depression (85.7%), and anxiety (76.5%). In univariate analysis there was a significant lower risk of emotional distress, depression, and anxiety, with both higher resilience and self-compassion. However, in the multivariate model only self-compassion remained significantly associated with less emotional distress, depression, and anxiety, independent of resilience and other covariates. Female gender, poor financial stability, and high levels of traumatic exposure were also identified as persistent predictors of mental health morbidity. The findings of this study suggest that self-compassion is associated with less distress, depression, and anxiety in displaced individuals; suggesting it might be protective against poor mental health. Self-compassion is a modifiable factor that can be utilized as a tool by healthcare professionals and communities caring for refugees to promote positive mental health outcomes.
In vitro toxicity assessment of bioavailable iron in coal varieties of Central India
Authors: Jain Ruchika Kishor , Anshumali  , Sherekar Prasad , Nayak Amit , Jaiswal Shraddha , Pimpalghare Komal , Tumane Rajani , Jawade Aruna , Pingle Shubhangi Kailas , Suke Sanvidhan G. , Kashyap Rajpal Singh , Mandal Bibhuti Bhusan
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Information on bioavailable Iron (BAI) content in respirable coal dust (RCD) is crucial to address occupational health and safety, especially in preventing coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP).

Materials and methods

In the present study, we determined BAI concentrations in seventy-seven coal samples collected from ten coal mining regions of Central India. The cytotoxic potential of BAI-RCD was established invitro by using alveolar epithelial (A549) and macrophage (U937) cell lines. The oxidative/antioxidant status, inflammations, and genotoxicity attributed to BAI-RCD exposure were evaluated and correlated with CWP pathophysiology.

Results

The mean BAI concentrations in the coal samples (n = 77) range from (275 to 9065 mg kg-1) and showed wide variability. Both cell lines were exposed to low (275 mg kg-1), moderate (4650 mg kg-1), and high (9065 mg kg-1) BAI-RCD samples showed significant (p < 0.001) cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner (low < moderate < high) compared to the control. After BAI-RCD treatment, both cell lines showed a decrease in antioxidant stress measures (SOD, CAT, and GSH) and a significant (p < 0.001) increase in oxidative stress parameters (NADPH, MPO, LPO, and PC). Furthermore, these cell line models demonstrated a statistically significant (p < 0.001) dose-dependent increase in cytokines (TGF-β1, IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6 cytokines) and oxidative DNA damage marker (8-OH-dG).

Conclusion

Results indicated that the central India coals (even at low BAI content) may be accountable for inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity. Hence, BAI can be important characteristic to establish safety standards for coal dust exposure before active mining.
Relationship between body mass index and clinical events in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Yamazaki Tatsuro , Kitahara Hideki , Yamashita Daichi , Sato Takanori , Suzuki Sakuramaru , Hiraga Takashi , Matsumoto Tadahiro , Kobayashi Takahiro , Ohno Yuji , Harada Junya , Fukushima Kenichi , Asano Tatsuhiko , Ishio Naoki , Uchiyama Raita , Miyahara Hirofumi , Okino Shinichi , Sano Masanori , Kuriyama Nehiro , Yamamoto Masashi , Sakamoto Naoya , Kanda Junji , Kobayashi Yoshio
Published: September 2024

Background

It is still unclear whether body mass index (BMI) affects bleeding and cardiovascular events in patients requiring oral anticoagulants (OAC) for atrial fibrillation (AF) and antiplatelet agents after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between BMI and clinical events in patients who underwent PCI under OAC therapy for AF.

Method

This was a multicenter, observational cohort study conducted at 15 institutions in Japan. AF patients who underwent PCI with drug-eluting stents for CAD were retrospectively and prospectively included. Patients were divided into the Group 1 (BMI <21.3 kg/m2) and the Group 2 (BMI ≥21.3 kg/m2) according to the first-quartile value of BMI. The primary endpoint was net adverse clinical events (NACE), a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major bleeding events within one year after index PCI procedure.

Results

In the 720 patients, 180 patients (25.0%) had BMI value <21.3 kg/m2. While the rates of NACE and MACE were significantly higher in the Group 1 than the counterpart (21.1% vs. 11.9%, p = 0.003 and 17.2% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.004), that of major bleeding did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (5.6% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.54). The cumulative rate of NACE and MACE was significantly higher in the Group 1 than the Group 2 (both log-rank p = 0.002), although that of major bleeding events was equivalent between the 2 groups (log-rank p = 0.41). In multivariable Cox regression analyses, while BMI value <21.3 kg/m2 was not associated with major bleeding events, that cut-off value was an independent predictor for increased NACE and MACE.

Conclusions

Among the patients undergoing PCI for CAD and requiring OAC for AF, BMI value was a useful indicator to predict major adverse clinical events.
Cut-off scores for sensitivity interpretation of the Korean Highly Sensitive Person Scale
Authors: Yang Wonyoung , Kwon Miji
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to replicate findings on sensitivity groups, their proportions, and cut-off scores in a South Korean population. Uniquely, it extended the age range to include participants up to 80 years old, representing the first attempt to validate these constructs across such a broad age spectrum in this cultural context. A total of 1773 South Koreans in their 20s to 80s participated in the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS) questionnaire survey, conducted to establish a cut-off score to be used more conveniently in real-world scenarios. The results showed that 22.0%, 45.3%, and 32.7% belonged to the low-, medium-, and high-sensitivity groups, respectively. The average item scores of 3.81 and 4.73 served as cut-off points distinguishing low- from medium-sensitivity and medium- from high-sensitivity groups, respectively. This study represents applied research on the use of HSPS. Research on HSPS cut-off scores considering cultural or demographic characteristics is still in its early stages, and accumulating data through various surveys is key for in-depth comparative analyses.
Does the optimal level of illumination improve both visual functions and visual comfort in schoolchildren with low vision?
Authors: Yong Pui Theng , Mohammed Zainora , Mohamad Fadzil Norliza , Abd Rahman Mohd Harimi , Hairol Mohd Izzuddin , Sharanjeet-Kaur Sharanjeet , Narayanasamy Sumithira
Published: September 2024

Lighting modification is commonly performed by optometrists and occupational therapists to enhance visibility and visual comfort among schoolchildren with low vision. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal illumination level for visual function and visual comfort of schoolchildren with low vision and the relationship between them. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess five levels of illumination ranging from 125 lux to 2000 lux to determine the optimal illumination for visual functions and visual comfort in schoolchildren with low vision from a special education school for blind in Malaysia. Purposive sampling was done to recruit forty-two schoolchildren with low vision for this study. Visual functions assessed were visual acuity, measured using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study LogMAR chart at distance and near, contrast sensitivity (CS) measured using the Pelli-Robson chart at distance and the Mars CS chart at near. Reading speed was determined using the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Malay Language Related Word Reading Text test chart. Subjects were asked to rate their visual comfort using a validated questionnaire at the end of each measurement of visual functions and reading speed for the different illumination levels. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity at distance and near, visual comfort and reading speed improved significantly with increase in illumination levels (p<0.05). However, the interaction between illumination level and level of low vision was not significant (p>0.05). Visual comfort was significantly associated with visual function (p<0.05), while direct association between visual comfort and illumination level was not significant (p>0.05). Optimal illumination for improvement of visual function, reading speed and visual comfort range from 276.67 lux to 701.59 lux. Majority of the schoolchildren with low vision had improved visual function, reading speed and visual comfort with increased illumination. Illumination of at least 600 lux is recommended for maximum visual functioning and visual comfort of schoolchildren with low vision.
Effects of functional training on tennis-specific physical fitness and functional movement screen in junior tennis players
Authors: Xiao Wensheng , Bai Xiaorong , Soh Kim Geok , Zhang Yang
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Functional training mimics the coordinated motions of multiple muscle groups and joints performed during exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 12-week functional training and traditional resistance training on the performance in junior tennis players.

Methods

Trained tennis players (mean age: 16.6 years) were assigned to a traditional training group (n = 20) or functional training group (n = 20). The traditional training group received a resistance training program by their coach, while the functional training group was given Santana’s Racket Sport Program. At baseline, after six weeks, and after 12 weeks (T12), the participants’ tennis-specific physical fitness and functional movement screen (FMS) were evaluated.

Results

At T12, both training improved the values for multistage fitness test, hexagon test, planned agility test, sit and reach, and 20 metre sprint (p < 0.05); except the flexibility, functional training provided no additional advantages. At T12, functional training enhanced (p < 0.01) all seven components of the FMS, and there is a 100% probability that the total score of the FMS would be enhanced. In contrast, for the traditional training group, shoulder mobility of the FMS decreased (p = 0.03), and there was no changes in other FMS components at T12.

Conclusions

Functional training is not only effective in improving tennis-specific physical fitness, but it also provides greater functional movement advantages for junior tennis players compared to traditional resistance training.
CBL mutations in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia often occur in the RING domain with multiple subclones per patient: Implications for targeting
Authors: Lim Kelly , Kan Winnie L. , Nair Pramod C. , Kutyna Monika , Lopez Angel F. , Hercus Timothy , Ross David M. , Lane Steven , Fong Chun Yew , Brown Anna , Yong Agnes , Yeung David , Hughes Timothy , Hiwase Devendra , Thomas Daniel
Published: September 2024

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare blood cancer of older adults (3 in every 1,000,000 persons) characterized by poor survival and lacking effective mutation-specific therapy. Mutations in the ubiquitin ligase Cbl occur frequently in CMML and share biological and molecular features with a clonal disease occurring in children, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). Here we analyzed the clinical presentations, molecular features and immunophenotype of CMML patients with CBL mutations enrolled in a prospective Phase II clinical trial stratified according to molecular markers. Clinically, CBL mutations were associated with increased bone marrow blasts at diagnosis, leukocytosis and splenomegaly, similar to patients harboring NRAS or KRAS mutations. Interestingly, 64% of patients presented with more than one CBL variant implying a complex subclonal architecture, often with co-occurrence of TET2 mutations. We found CBL mutations in CMML frequently clustered in the RING domain in contrast to JMML, where mutations frequently involve the linker helix region (P<0.0001). According to our comparative alignment of available X-ray structures, mutations in the linker helix region such as Y371E give rise to conformational differences that could be exploited by targeted therapy approaches. Furthermore, we noted an increased percentage of CMML CD34+ stem and progenitor cells expressing CD116 and CD131 in all CBL mutant cases and increased CD116 receptor density compared to healthy controls, similar to CMML overall. In summary, our data demonstrate that CBL mutations are associated with distinct molecular and clinical features in CMML and are potentially targetable with CD116-directed immunotherapy.
EMFSA: Emoji-based multifeature fusion sentiment analysis
Authors: Tang Hongmei , Tang Wenzhong , Zhu Dixiongxiao , Wang Shuai , Wang Yanyang , Wang Lihong
Published: September 2024

Short texts on social platforms often suffer from insufficient emotional semantic expressions, sparse features, and polysemy. To enhance the accuracy achieved by sentiment analysis for short texts, this paper proposes an emoji-based multifeature fusion sentiment analysis model (EMFSA). The model mines the sentiments of emojis, topics, and text features. Initially, a pretraining method for feature extraction is employed to enhance the semantic expressions of emotions in text by extracting contextual semantic information from emojis. Following this, a sentiment- and emoji-masked language model is designed to prioritize the masking of emojis and words with implicit sentiments, focusing on learning the emotional semantics contained in text. Additionally, we proposed a multifeature fusion method based on a cross-attention mechanism by determining the importance of each word in a text from a topic perspective. Next, this method is integrated with the original semantic information of emojis and the enhanced text features, attaining improved sentiment representation accuracy for short texts. Comparative experiments conducted with the state-of-the-art baseline methods on three public datasets demonstrate that the proposed model achieves accuracy improvements of 2.3%, 10.9%, and 2.7%, respectively, validating its effectiveness.
Spatial patterns and associated factors of HIV testing and counselling (HTC) as a component of antenatal care services in Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfie Tigabu Kidie , Tilahun Werkneh Melkie
Published: September 2024

Background

While HIV testing and counselling play a crucial role in preventing mother-to-child transmission, numerous pregnant women did not receive these services. Understanding the spatial variation of HIV testing and counselling and its associated factors during antenatal care in Ethiopia remains limited. Thus, this study was aimed at assessing the spatial patterns and factors associated with HIV testing and counselling during antenatal care visits in Ethiopia.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was employed with a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. A total of 2,789 women who gave birth in the two years prior to the survey and had at least one antenatal care visit were included in the study. Stata version 16 and ArcGIS version 10.8 software were used for analysis. A multilevel robust Poisson regression model was fitted to identify significantly associated factors since the prevalence of HIV testing and counselling was higher than 10%. A statistically significant association was declared based on multivariable multilevel robust Poisson regression analysis using an adjusted prevalence ratio with its 95% confidence interval at a p-value < 0.05. Spatial regression analysis was conducted, and the local coefficients of statistically significant spatial covariates were visualised.

Results

In Ethiopia, the overall prevalence of HIV testing and counselling during antenatal care visits was 29.5% (95% CI: 27.8%, 31.2%). Significant spatial clustering was observed (Global Moran’s I = 0.138, p-value <0.001). In the spatial regression analysis, high and comprehensive knowledge related to HIV, and comprehensive knowledge on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission were significant explanatory variables for the spatial variation of HIV testing and counselling. In the multivariable multilevel robust Poisson regression analysis, education, household wealth, media exposure, number of antenatal care visits, comprehensive knowledge on mother-to-child transmission, comprehensive knowledge on prevention of mother-to-child transmission, and region were significantly associated factors.

Conclusion

The prevalence of HIV testing and counselling during antenatal care visits was low. Empowering women through education, promoting mass media exposure, increasing numbers of antenatal care visits, and enhancing women’s knowledge related to HIV and mother-to-child transmission by targeting cold spot areas could improve HIV testing and counselling service uptake among pregnant women in Ethiopia.
Enrico Letta: Sokkal több mint piac
Authors: Balogh Attila
Published: September 2024

Ez év áprilisában Enrico Letta ”Sokkal több, mint piac” (Much more than market) címen jelentést adott közre az Európai Unió megbízásából. Ebben a jelentésben ajánlásokat fogalmaz meg az európai egységes piac megerősítésére a fenntartható jövő és az uniós polgárok jóléte érdekében, melyek hat pontban foglalhatóak össze.
Eduardo A. Haddad (University of Sao Paulo), Modelling Spatial and Economic Impacts of Disasters című előadásának összefoglalója
Authors: Topercer Péter
Published: September 2024

Az RSAI Világkongresszus egyik plenáris előadója Eduardo A. Haddad volt, aki a természeti katasztrófák gazdasági és térbeli hatásainak modellezéséről tartott előadást. Haddad a brazíliai São Paulo Egyetem Közgazdaságtudományi Tanszékének professzora, ahol a Regionális és Városgazdasági Laboratóriumot (NEREUS) irányítja. Kutatásai középpontjában a többrégiós gazdasági rendszerek modellezése áll, különös tekintettel a közlekedés, a klímaváltozás és a térbeli interakciók integrációjának modellezésére.
Felnőttképzési Adatszolgáltatási Rendszer 2020-2022. évi szakképzések elégedettségmérésre vonatkozó adatainak feldolgozása
Authors: Prauda Péter Zoltán
Published: September 2024

Az Országos Képző és Vizsgaszervező Intézet Felnőttképzés Adatszolgáltatási Rendszere a szakképesítésre felkészítő szakmai képzés és a részszakmára felkészítő szakmai oktatás záróvizsgája után a képzést befejezőknek automatikusan kiküldött meghívóban ad lehetőséget és platformot arra, hogy értékelhessék a képzés színvonalát, lebonyolítását és körülményeit. A befolyt válaszokat megválaszolt kérdésenként, a kitöltő képzésének az utólagos kiértékelésre nézve minden releváns adatával a Felnőttképzési Adatszolgáltatási Rendszer táblázatba foglalta, mely adatbázist a rendelkezésemre bocsátották. Az empíria első szegmensében ezen táblázat statisztikai alapú feldolgozása olvasható.
A Monetary and Fiscal History of the United States, 1961–2021 – Alan S. Blinder’s reviewed by James L. Caton
Authors: Xuan Ngoc Tran Thi
Published: September 2024

In the realm of economics, fostering debates and embracing diverse opinions is paramount for driving innovation and achieving optimal outcomes. Alan S. Blinder’s seminal work, “A Monetary and Fiscal History of the United States, 1961-2021,” published in October 2022, exemplifies this ethos. Blinder, a renowned economist and Professor at Princeton University, draws from his extensive experience, including roles as Vice Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board and a member of President Clinton’s Council of Economic Advisers, to offer a unique perspective rooted in Keynesian economics. Through his book, Blinder not only enhances our comprehension of various economic concepts but also underscores the significance of critical thinking and vigorous debate in shaping public research.
LATAM: „Az egyenlőség és az esélyek jövőjének építése”
Authors: Fernandez Saralegui Clara
Published: September 2024

A Nemzetközi Magánvállalkozások Központja (CIPE) programot indított a női vezető szerep erősítésére a fejlődő világban. A program podcast-sorozata (Democracy that Delivers #343:Emerging Leaders – Interns), valamint Camila Cepeda és Tina Dolbaia csatlakozott Morgan Kinghez, a latin-amerikai és karibi térség programfelelőséhez, valamint Elizabeth Lenz Jedwabhoz, a program európai és eurázsiai szervezetének koordinátorához, hogy beszélgessenek a projektekről, amelyeken dolgoznak, valamint a CIPE támogatási gyakorlatáról.
Informális gazdaság és vállalkozói tevékenység Latin-Amerikában és a Karib-térségben
Authors: Fernandez Saralegui Clara
Published: September 2024

A „latin-amerikai vállalkozók megerősítése” című podcastban Hernando De Soto a CIPE (Center for International Private Enterprise) ügyvezető igazgatójával, Andrew Wilsonnal beszélgetett az informális gazdaság fontosságáról, a tulajdonjogok központi szerepéről és az ILD (Institute for Liberty and Democracy) és a CIPE partnerség első sikereiről. Ezen az alkalmon az informális gazdaságról és a latin-amerikai és karibi térség vállalkozói tevékenységéről folyt a diskurzus.
Development of RGB laser light source unit with crosstalk removal and polarization control functions and their incorporation into VR-HMD
Authors: ogata yoichi
Published: September 2024

For the development of full-color laser head-mounted display (VR-HMD), a white colored-laser light source fabricated by overlapping red-green-blue (RGB) lasers is necessary. Despite a lot of reports for the VR-HMD using RGB lasers, no report for removing crosstalk generating among beams has been done. Thus, the construction of a crosstalk removal and an electric field control devises is desirable urgently. In this work, an attempt has been made to create a function that avoids crosstalk among beams using RGB beams separated by using the time shift technique. If this function is realized, some negative influences such as an overlap among beams and field synthesis should be eliminated. In the future, the fine contrast type VR-HMD could be fabricated.
An Analysis of Implementation Challenges and Countermeasures for the
Yangtze River Protection Law from the Perspective of Grassroots Law Enforcement
Authors: Chen Xiping
Published: September 2024

The "Yangtze River Protection Law of the People's Republic of China," as the first watershed legislation in China, aims to provide comprehensive legal protection for environmental governance and sustainable economic development in the Yangtze River Basin. However, due to the complexity of environmental issues and the limitations of legal application, there are still many deficiencies in grassroots law enforcement practices. These include prominent issues such as conflicting laws, weak enforcement, and legislative gaps, which urgently need to be addressed. As the foundation of the watershed governance system and a key focus of the Yangtze River's protection efforts, grassroots law enforcement demands significant attention. This article examines the practical problems and institutional challenges of grassroots enforcement in the Yangtze River's protection, and the goal is to remove barriers for effective grassroots governance and truly safeguard the Yangtze River.
Positive attitude can improve recovery in acute COPD exacerbation
Authors: Singh Maneesh
Published: September 2024

The importance in this case lies in the patient’s positive attitude leading to a fast recovery from an acute COPD exacerbation. The positive attitude made the patient more compliant with treatments and allowed the hospital staff to provide him with better care.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker-Based Dual, Triple, and Quadruple Regimens for First-Line Helicobacter pylori Infection Treatment: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rokkas Theodore , Ekmektzoglou Konstantinos , Niv Yaron , Graham David Y.
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION:

In the last few years, numerous new potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB)-based randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning the first-line regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection treatment from various countries have been published. However, no network meta-analysis (NWM) exists, which examines the comparative efficacy and safety of P-CAB-based dual, triple, and quadruple treatments, and, therefore, in this NWM, we examined this matter comparing efficacy and safety of these P-CAB-based regimens.

METHODS:

Databases were searched for identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion of relevant RCTs. Extracted data were entered into a Bayesian NWM, and the ranking order for each regimen was evaluated by means of the surface under the cumulative ranking area values.

RESULTS:

Twenty-five eligible RCTs were included with 7,605 patients randomized to 6 first-line regimens, i.e. P-CAB dual therapy, P-CAB triple therapy, P-CAB quadruple therapy, PPI dual therapy, PPI triple therapy, and PPI quadruple therapy. The surface under the cumulative ranking area values (%) for these 6 regimens were 92.7, 62.5, 33.9, 75.1, 19.4, and 16.3, respectively. The comparative effectiveness ranking showed that P-CAB dual therapy regimen ranked first for efficacy and last for adverse effects and had the best profile for integrated efficacy-safety.

DISCUSSION:

In this NWM concerning the comparative efficacy and safety of P-CAB-based dual, triple, and quadruple regimens for the first-line H. pylori infection treatment, the overall results showed that P-CAB-based dual treatment ranked first for efficacy with the best-integrated efficacy-safety profile. This is of importance, since the dual regimens overcome the crucial issue of clarithromycin resistance. Consequently, these findings are expected to be useful in helping clinical decision making and future guidelines.
Composite Mesh in Incisional Hernia Repair: Unprecedented Gastric Penetration and Gastrocutaneous Fistula Formation
Authors: Abuassi Mohammad , Joulani Walid , Sammodi Emad , Eftaiha Mohamed , Obed Aiman
Published: September 2024

Hernia repair frequently employs surgical mesh. However, potential complications exist, including mesh migration into adjacent organs, leading to serious outcomes such as enteric fistulas. We report an unprecedented case of composite mesh leading to gastric penetration and subsequent gastrocutaneous fistula formation, identified during endoscopic investigation as a foreign body. A 70-year-old man who underwent right hemicolectomy and incisional hernia repair using composite mesh presented in with symptoms of intestinal obstruction and a small bowel content leak. Following these complications, a small bowel resection was performed, and an ileostomy was created. During an endoscopic investigation, the composite mesh used in the hernia repair during the ileostomy creation was found as a foreign body penetrating the gastric antral area, causing a gastrocutaneous fistula. An exploratory laparotomy was successfully carried out. This case highlights the need to consider mesh-related complications and advocates for research into prevention and management of such adverse outcomes.
Nontyphoidal Salmonella Hepatitis: A Rare Complication of a Common Enteric Infection
Authors: Bierowski Matthew J. , Edirisuriya Chelsea D. , Goldberg Ilana P. , Noverati Nicholas , Johnson Peter , Choudhary Cuckoo , Shivashankar Raina
Published: September 2024

Hepatitis from nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis is rare, especially in immunocompetent patients. We present the case of a 30-year-old woman who was found to have Salmonella serotype C2 gastroenteritis and elevated liver function tests concerning for concurrent hepatitis. An extensive workup was negative for other etiologies, making Salmonella the likely culprit. The patient was managed with supportive measures as her liver function tests and symptoms were improving before obtaining microbiological data. Since the role of antibiotic therapy in such cases is not well studied, disease severity in accordance with current guidelines should be used to tailor treatment on a case-by-case basis.
Missing methods: a call for holistic analysis of history textbooks
Authors: Llewellyn Kristina R , Clark Penney , Clifford Sarah , Capó García Rafael
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this article is to call for a holistic approach to the study of history textbooks. We engaged in an extensive analysis of textbook studies for the purpose of developing our own textbook study framework for the Thinking Historically for Canada’s Future project. We found that scholars rely on a narrow scope of research methods and that the field lacks attention to a holistic approach that broadens the researcher’s capacity to dissect positionality and perpetuation of historical knowledge(s). We demonstrate why it is beneficial for scholars to expand beyond narrow methods in the field of history textbook studies. Specifically, we illustrate that a holistic approach enables textbook researchers to further contest the often uncritical embrace of history textbooks and expand upon our understanding of the textbook as an artefact of our societies. In this article we significantly extend the yet to be taken-up call for a holistic approach to textbook studies.
Estimativa e análise da aceleração horizontal em séries temporais do posicionamento pelo GNSS em estações de monitoramento contínuo
Authors: Jesus Junior Eliel Jesse Morais de , Klein Ivandro , Costa Renan Toledo , Pilapanta Christian Gonzalo Amagua , Oliveira Junior Paulo Sergio
Published: September 2024

As séries de coordenadas oriundas de estações GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) são utilizadas para diversas finalidades, como na estimação de modelos de velocidades, aplicados na atualização temporal de coordenadas para uma época de referência. Entretanto, o deslocamento horizontal pode não ser descrito por um modelo linear com velocidade constante ao longo do tempo. Propomos incluir a aceleração horizontal na modelagem das séries de coordenadas de estações GNSS de monitoramento contínuo. Analisamos as séries de componentes horizontais (Este e Norte) de estações no Brasil (BRAZ, BELE, UFPR), Chile (CLL1, QLAP) e Japão (MIZU) com modelagem linear (polinômio de grau 1) e não linear (polinômio de grau 2). Para comparação dos modelos, foram feitas atualizações para uma época de referência. A inclusão da aceleração melhora significativamente os resultados para as estações do Chile (132 mm absolutos e 83% relativos) e Japão (556 mm absolutos e 82% relativos), próximas à borda de placas tectônicas. Mesmo para estações no Brasil, a inclusão da aceleração pode melhorar significativamente (≈10 mm absolutos e ≈92% relativos) a atualização temporal de coordenadas. Recomendamos a modelagem não linear na próxima realização do Sistema Geodésico Brasileiro, seguindo a tendência das últimas realizações do ITRF (International Terrestrial Reference Frame). Esta conclusão também se aplica ao monitoramento de grandes estruturas por longos períodos.