bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in the Behavior of Mineralizing Cells Related to Bone Tissue Regeneration—A Scoping Review of In Vitro Evidence
Authors: de Lima Barbosa Renata , Stellet Lourenço Emanuelle , de Azevedo dos Santos Julya Vittoria , Rodrigues Santiago Rocha Neilane , Mourão Carlos Fernando , Alves Gutemberg Gomes
Published: October 2023

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a second-generation blood concentrate that serves as an autologous approach for both soft and hard tissue regeneration. It provides a scaffold for cell interaction and promotes the local release of growth factors. PRF has been investigated as an alternative to bone tissue therapy, with the potential to expedite wound healing and bone regeneration, though the mechanisms involved are not yet fully understood. This review aims to explore the in vitro evidence of PRF’s effects on the behavior of mineralizing cells related to bone tissue regeneration. A systematic electronic search was conducted up to August 2023, utilizing three databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. A total of 76 studies were selected, which presented in vitro evidence of PRF’s usefulness, either alone or in conjunction with other biomaterials, for bone tissue treatment. PRF membranes’ influence on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of bone cells is linked to the constant release of growth factors, resulting in changes in crucial markers of bone cell metabolism and behavior. This further reinforces their therapeutic potential in wound healing and bone regeneration. While there are some notable differences among the studies, the overall results suggest a positive effect of PRF on cell proliferation, differentiation, mineralization, and a reduction in inflammation. This points to its therapeutic potential in the field of regenerative medicine. Collectively, these findings may help enhance our understanding of how PRF impacts basic physiological processes in bone and mineralized tissue.
Design and Optimization of an Ultra-Low-Power Cross-Coupled LC VCO with a DFF Frequency Divider for 2.4 GHz RF Receivers Using 65 nm CMOS Technology
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad Faisal , Maheshwari Mukesh Kumar , Raza Muhammad , Masud Aurangzeb Rashid
Published: October 2023

This article presents the design and optimization of a tunable quadrature differential LC CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a D flip-flop (DFF) frequency divider. The VCO is designed for the low-power and low-phase-noise applications of 2.4 GHz IoT/BLE receivers and wireless sensor devices. The proposed design comprises the proper stacking of an LC VCO and a DFF frequency divider and is simulated using a TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology, and it has a tuning range of 4.4 to 5.7 GHz. The voltage headroom is preserved using a high-impedance on-chip passive inductor at the tail for filtering and enabling true differential operation. The VCO and frequency divider consume as low as 2.02 mW altogether, with the VCO section consuming only 0.47 mW. The active area of the chip including the pads is only 0.47 mm2. The designed VCO achieved a much better phase noise of −118.36 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset frequency with 1.2 V supply voltages. The design produced a much better FoM of −196.44 dBc/Hz compared to other related research.
Comprehensive Deciphering the Complexity of the Deep Bite: Insight from Animal Model to Human Subjects
Authors: Watted Nezar , Lone Iqbal M. , Zohud Osayd , Midlej Kareem , Proff Peter , Iraqi Fuad A.
Published: October 2023

Deep bite is a malocclusion phenotype, defined as the misalignment in the vertical dimension of teeth and jaws and characterized by excessive overlap of the upper front teeth over the lower front teeth. Numerous factors, including genetics, environmental factors, and behavioral ones, might contribute to deep bite. In this study, we discuss the current clinical treatment strategies for deep bite, summarize the already published findings of genetic analysis associated with this complex phenotype, and their constraints. Finally, we propose a comprehensive roadmap to facilitate investigations for determining the genetic bases of this complex phenotype development. Initially, human deep bite phenotype, genetics of human deep bite, the prevalence of human deep bite, diagnosis, and treatment of human deep bite were the search terms for published publications. Here, we discuss these findings and their limitations and our view on future strategies for studying the genetic bases of this complex phenotype. New preventative and treatment methods for this widespread dental issue can be developed with the help of an understanding of the genetic and epigenetic variables that influence malocclusion. Additionally, malocclusion treatment may benefit from technological developments like 3D printing and computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM). These technologies enable the development of personalized surgical and orthodontic guidelines, enhancing the accuracy and effectiveness of treatment. Overall, the most significant results for the patient can only be achieved with a customized treatment plan created by an experienced orthodontic professional. To design a plan that meets the patient’s specific requirements and expectations, open communication between the patient and the orthodontist is essential. Here, we propose to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS), RNAseq analysis, integrating GWAS and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), micro and small RNA, and long noncoding RNA analysis in tissues associated with deep bite malocclusion in human, and complement it by the same approaches in the collaborative cross (CC) mouse model which offer a novel platform for identifying genetic factors as a cause of deep bite in mice, and subsequently can then be translated to humans. An additional direct outcome of this study is discovering novel genetic elements to advance our knowledge of how this malocclusion phenotype develops and open the venue for early identification of patients carrying the susceptible genetic factors so that we can offer early prevention and treatment strategies, a step towards applying a personalized medicine approach.
Assessment of Dyspnoea, Physical Activity, and Back Pain Levels in Students at Medical Universities after the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland
Authors: Gałczyk Monika , Zalewska Anna , Sobolewski Marek
Published: October 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to assess the extent of dyspnoea, physical activity (PA), and back pain complaints and the association of dyspnoea, PA, and back pain complaints with PA in post-COVID-19 students at medical universities in Poland. Methods: An online survey was carried out among Polish medical students (213 women and 204 men) who had had a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 within the last year. The Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale was used to assess the degree of dyspnoea. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine the level of PA. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the Neck Disability Index (NDI) were used to assess back discomfort. Results: The study group had average levels of PA, with median total activity significantly lower in women (median total activity for women was 1189 and for men was 2044, while the standard deviation for women was 1419 and for men was 1450). More than 93% of the students reported no symptoms of dyspnoea. The following results were observed for ODI (median of 1.2 for women and 1.7 for men and standard deviation of 3.1 for women and 4.0 for men) and for NDI (median of 2.8 for women and 2.5 for men, standard deviation of 4.3 for women and 4.0 for men). Cervical spine pain was more frequent and severe. There are small, statistically significant correlations between the MRC and IPAQ measures and the ODI and NDI and IPAQ. Conclusions: In the study group of students of medicine, dyspnoea linked with a history of COVID-19 is not an issue. Post-pandemic PA levels should be increased in this group, with particular attention to female students. Urgent measures are also needed to prevent cervical pain in students at medical universities in Poland.
A Salinity-Impact Analysis of Polarization Division Multiplexing-Based Underwater Optical Wireless Communication System with High-Speed Data Transmission
Authors: Chaudhary Sushank , Sharma Abhishek , Khichar Sunita , Shah Shashi , Ullah Rizwan , Parnianifard Amir , Wuttisittikulkij Lunchakorn
Published: October 2023

The majority of the Earth’s surface is covered by water, with oceans holding approximately 97% of this water and serving as the lifeblood of our planet. These oceans are essential for various purposes, including transportation, sustenance, and communication. However, establishing effective communication networks between the numerous sub-islands present in many parts of the world poses significant challenges. Underwater optical wireless communication, or UWOC, can indeed be an excellent solution to provide seamless connectivity underwater. UWOC holds immense significance due to its ability to transmit data at high rates, low latency, and enhanced security. In this work, we propose polarization division multiplexing-based UWOC system under the impact of salinity with an on–off keying (OOK) modulation format. The proposed system aims to establish high-speed network connectivity between underwater divers/submarines in oceans at different salinity levels. The numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed system with a 2 Gbps data rate up to 10.5 m range in freshwater and up to 1.8 m in oceanic waters with salinity up to 35 ppt. Successful transmission of high-speed data is reported in underwater optical wireless communication, especially where salinity impact is higher.
Ecological Welfare Performance Evaluation and Spatial–Temporal Difference Evolution of Blue Economic Zones: A Case Study of the Blue Economic Zone of Shandong Peninsula
Authors: Cong Xuhui , Qi Zhipeng , Wang Sai , Su Peikun , Wang Liang , Šaparauskas Jonas , Górecki Jarosław , Skibniewski Miroslaw J.
Published: October 2023

The construction and development of the Blue Economic Zone on the Shandong Peninsula in China was elevated to a national strategy in 2011, and it has achieved year-on-year economic growth, driving the economic development of Shandong Province. However, it has also generated problems, such as a fragile ecological environment, unbalanced regional development, and prominent human–land conflicts. Therefore, on the basis of the idea of green sustainable development, this paper measures the ecological welfare performance of seven prefecture-level cities in the Blue Economic Zone of Shandong Peninsula from 2011 to 2020 using an entropy-weighted model together with the TOPSIS method. It then analyzes their spatial distribution characteristics using the natural breaks method. Our findings show that the overall ecological welfare performance level in the Shandong Peninsula BEZ shows a stable upward trend, and that the ecological welfare performance of each city is similar to that of the divided region. The ecological welfare performance levels of Weifang, Rizhao, and Binzhou are relatively low. Dongying, Weihai, Qingdao, and Yantai form a cluster of cities with high ecological welfare performance. Therefore, for the advancement of the Shandong Peninsula BEZ, the government should the government should reasonably deploy the industrial structure; actively implement industrial transformation; strengthen the synergistic development among cities to achieve complementary advantages, coordinating the growth of rural and urban areas; and improve the social security system to achieve high-quality sustainable development in the Shandong Peninsula BEZ.
Research on Evaluation System and Optimization Strategy of Community Garden Based on IPA Method: A Case Study in Wuhan, China
Authors: Sun Yilan , Sun Yiyuan , Zhang Bin
Published: October 2023

The intrinsic attributes and service functions of community gardens (CGs) are closely related to the stage of national development and social needs. With the gradual implementation of China’s urban micro-renewal policy, many CGs have been gradually developed, but they still face problems such as poor operation and low participation, which urgently require us to carry out site-based research under China’s actual national conditions. Constructing a human’s perception value-oriented evaluation system and summarizing the optimization strategies according to the evaluation results can provide more systematic and targeted practical guidance for the construction of CGs in China. We developed a set of evaluation metrics for CGs based network text analysis, literature analysis, and expert opinions and collected 245 questionnaires from 20 existing CGs in Wuhan as a study sample. Using the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method, we conducted statistical analysis of data for each type of CG. The results show that “Mosquito impact”, “Facility maintenance”, and “Social experience” are essential parts of residential-type community gardens (Resi-CGs) that are easily overlooked; that the users of commercial-type community gardens (Comm-CGs) consider that “Mosquito impact” is a serious deficiency; that campus-type community gardens (Camp-CGs) need to be optimized with regard to the aspects of “Crop stewardship” and “Leisure facilities”; and finally that there is no significant trend in the key improvement indicators of company-type community gardens (Comp-CGs) and the indicators like “Fitness and recreation experience”, “Crop diversity”, and “Aesthetics” need to be improved. According to the above results, we put forward specific optimization strategies to provide development guidelines and practical guidance for the future construction of CGs.
Climate Warming Dominates Vegetation Productivity in the Hanjiang River Basin, China
Authors: Bao Yuhui , Zheng Liang , Zhu Kai , Liu Hai
Published: October 2023

The Hanjiang River Basin (HJRB) encompasses the Danjiangkou Reservoir, a critical water source for the South-to-North Water Transfer project, the world’s largest such endeavor. Recent studies have highlighted that increased vegetation growth in the HJRB has led to reduced water availability in the region. To investigate the seasonal dynamics and spatial patterns of vegetation and their association with the local climate, we employed Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), a pivotal component of terrestrial carbon-water cycling, derived from the MODIS MOD17A2HGF dataset at a 500 m resolution. We combined this dataset with station meteorological data and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to explore the complex relationship between vegetation productivity, climate fluctuations, and hydrothermal changes in the HJRB from 2000 to 2020. Our findings reveal that the rising trend in vegetation productivity in the HJRB is primarily attributable to climate warming. Different types of vegetation in the upstream and downstream areas exhibit varying water requirements. While the region has not experienced prolonged widespread drought conditions thanks to its excellent water conservation capabilities, there remains a certain level of drought risk in the downstream area as the climate continues to warm. Moreover, variables such as wind speed and sunshine duration significantly impact the hydrothermal conditions within the river basin, consequently influencing vegetation productivity. This study elucidates the mechanisms through which climate change affects vegetation productivity in the HJRB. Despite afforestation efforts in the upstream region and climate warming leading to increased greening, there may be implications for the water retention function of the HJRB. This understanding is crucial for water resource management and ecosystem sustainability in the HJRB.
Determining Factors for Supply Chain Services Provider Selection and Long-Term Relationship Maintenance: Evidence from Greece
Authors: Sakas Damianos P. , Giannakopoulos Nikolaos T. , Kanellos Nikos , Christopoulos Christos , Toudas Kanellos S.
Published: October 2023

Background: Due to increased globalization and its subsequent rise in competitiveness, the role of supply chain services (3PL) in managing logistics, reducing operational and non-operational costs, and managing customer and supplier relationships, have become of utmost importance. Customer-centric production has led to the development of a close relationship between production processes. Amidst all this, the demand for logistic services has dramatically increased, thus putting more pressure on firms for enhanced operational results, and leading to the outsourcing of their internal and external logistic activities. On the other hand, supply chain firms that provide 3PL services seek to enhance their sustainability and predict their customers’ demand. Methods: The authors collected quantitative data from 81 firms that operate in various industrial sectors in Greece. A questionnaire was sent for completion, in which firms could rate and evaluate various aspects that were discerned as important for deciding to cooperate with a 3PL service provider and maintain this cooperation in the long run. To extract the required outcomes, statistical analyses like categorical regression (CATREG) and MANOVA were utilized. Results: The demand for 3PL services was affected by 3PL service providers’ operational performance based on accuracy, reputation, and IT capabilities, while the customer firms’ intention for maintaining cooperation with 3PL service providers was affected by their reliability level, improved service efficiency, and trustworthiness. Conclusions: 3PL service providers should seek to improve the reputation, IT infrastructure, and accuracy of their firm's operations to have a continuous demand for their services. Apart from that, 3PL service providers to maintain the cooperation with their customers, need to enhance the levels of their services reliability and efficiency, while also creating a bond of trust with their existing customers.
Friction and Wear Characteristics of Fe3O4 Nano-Additive Lubricant in Micro-Rolling
Authors: Zhu Yuchuan , Zhang Hongmei , Li Na , Jiang Zhengyi
Published: October 2023

As nanotechnology has developed, some nano-additives have been employed to improve the performance of lubricants. The mechanisms of nano-additives still need to be investigated. The wear characteristics of Fe3O4 nano-additive lubricant were investigated in this study. Different diameters of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were mixed in basic oil using an ultrasonic mixer. The new lubricant was used for analytical tests at room temperature. The results showed that nano-lubricants with 20 nm nanoparticles increase the oil film strength. The coefficient of friction was reduced when 20 nm diameter 8 wt% Fe3O4 nanoparticles were mixed with lubricants. The effect of surfactants and nanoparticles in the base oil was measured using numerical simulation methods. The adsorption capacity of the lubricants was significantly improved by Fe3O4 nanoparticles, particularly when looking at the small relative atomic mass of the metal. The 8 wt% Fe3O4 lubricant exhibited optimal tribological properties when applied in micro-rolling tests. The results showed that the surface quality of the rolled samples was significantly improved, and the rolling force was dramatically reduced. At the same time, the shapes of the samples were effectively controlled in the rolling process. Therefore, Fe3O4 nanoparticles can improve the friction and wear characteristics of lubricants.
Neurosurgical Education Using Cadaver-Free Brain Models and Augmented Reality: First Experiences from a Hands-On Simulation Course for Medical Students
Authors: Efe Ibrahim E. , Çinkaya Emre , Kuhrt Leonard D. , Bruesseler Melanie M. T. , Mührer-Osmanagic Armin
Published: October 2023

Background and Objectives: Neurosurgery has been underrepresented in the medical school curriculum. Advances in augmented reality and 3D printing have opened the way for early practical training through simulations. We assessed the usability of the UpSurgeOn simulation-based training model and report first experiences from a hands-on neurosurgery course for medical students. Materials and Methods: We organized a two-day microneurosurgery simulation course tailored to medical students. On day one, three neurosurgeons demonstrated anatomical explorations with the help of life-like physical simulators (BrainBox, UpSurgeOn). The surgical field was projected onto large high-definition screens by a robotic-assisted exoscope (RoboticScope, BHS Technologies). On day two, the students were equipped with microsurgical instruments to explore the surgical anatomy of the pterional, temporal and endoscopic retrosigmoid approaches. With the help of the RoboticScope, they simulated five clipping procedures using the Aneurysm BrainBox. All medical students filled out a digital Likert-scale-based questionnaire to evaluate their experiences. Results: Sixteen medical students participated in the course. No medical students had previous experience with UpSurgeOn. All participants agreed that the app helped develop anatomical orientation. They unanimously agreed that this model should be part of residency training. Fourteen out of sixteen students felt that the course solidified their decision to pursue neurosurgery. The same fourteen students rated their learning experience as totally positive, and the remaining two rated it as rather positive. Conclusions: The UpSurgeOn educational app and cadaver-free models were perceived as usable and effective tools for the hands-on neuroanatomy and neurosurgery teaching of medical students. Comparative studies may help measure the long-term benefits of UpSurgeOn-assisted teaching over conventional resources.
Study of Machined Surface Quality of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy by End Milling
Authors: Zhang Pengchong , Huang Yang , Wang Rongjun , Ohashi Kazuhito
Published: October 2023

Magnesium alloys are lightweight structural materials with excellent machinability. However, further development is seriously limited by their low strength and poor formability. Therefore, further decreasing the surface residual stress of the frame by post-process treatment is a key issue, such as for reducing the subsequent deformation due to the residual stress, improving the machining accuracy and corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy frame products, and extending the service life of the magnesium alloy frame products. Using AZ31B magnesium alloy as the experimental subject, and by exploring the effects of milling parameters on the surface quality of frame parts, this study shows that the surface residual compressive stress, hardness, and roughness of frame parts decreased with the increasing of the milling speed and increased as the depth of cut and the feed per tooth increased. Using cutting fluid in the milling process can decrease the surface residual stress and roughness of the frame parts but increase the surface hardness. In accordance with the experimental results and analysis, the main reason affecting the residual stress on the surface layer of frame components is the thermal elastoplastic problem caused by thermal mechanical coupling during the milling process, resulting in varying stress states on the workpiece’s surface. The primary contributors to hardness are the work-hardening effect induced by milling forces and the thermal-softening effect of milling temperatures, which either augment or diminish the workpiece’s surface hardness. Furthermore, the primary factor impacting surface roughness is the magnitude of cutting forces. Excessive cutting forces lead to the ploughing phenomenon or tool vibrations, thereby causing varying degrees of surface roughness on the workpiece. Meanwhile, the influence of stress-relief annealing or cryogenic treatment on surface residual stress and hardness after the milling of the frame parts was researched. It shows that within the selected milling parameters, both stress-relief annealing and cryogenic treatment can reduce the surface residual stress and homogenize the residual stress distribution of frame parts. Stress-relief annealing leads to a reduction in the hardness of the machined surface, and the hardness of the machined surface increases slightly under cryogenic treatment. The effects of the two post-processing methods on surface quality vary, and in practical production, a rational selection can be made according to the different processing requirements to achieve the optimal standards.
Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles under Microwave Irradiation: Get Much with Less Energy
Authors: Kustov Leonid , Vikanova Kseniia
Published: October 2023

Microwave irradiation is widely used to intensify various chemical processes, including in the synthesis of nanomaterials. The purpose of this review is to present recent trends in the application of microwave heating for the preparation of monometallic, bimetallic, and more complicated metal nanoparticles. The advantages and drawbacks behind the use of microwave irradiation in the synthesis of unsupported and supported metal nanoparticles are summarized. Such metals as Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Cu, Ni, Co, etc. are considered. Illustrative examples have been presented of the positive effects of microwave treatments, including the preparation of particles of different shapes and particles of immiscible metals.
Machinability Features of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Ultrafine-Grained Structure
Authors: Semenova Irina , Polyakov Alexander , Gareev Alfiz , Makarov Vladimir , Kazakov Ivan , Pesin Mikhail
Published: October 2023

Titanium alloys are widely used in various industries. The most common and well-known titanium alloy is titanium alloy with aluminum and vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V). This alloy is used, for example, in the manufacture of aircraft engines. As part of the development of technologies and the emergence of the evolving requirements for materials, Ti-6Al-4V alloys with ultrafine grains less than 1 μm may become promising. This modification of the alloy has excellent strength characteristics, such as increased fatigue resistance. However, manufacturers are aware of the machinability problem of titanium alloys. To date, a sufficiently high level of understanding of this problem has already been achieved. But, there is practically no information about the machinability of ultrafine-grained alloys and their comparison, in this regard, with the usual coarse-grained version. This study presents the results of experimental studies on the influence of cutting parameters (cutting speed, V, m/min; feed rate, Fz, mm/rev) on the roughness and microstructure of the surface of Ti-6Al-4V samples with coarse-grained and ultrafine-grained structures produced via equal-channel angular pressing. It is shown that turning at a low cutting speed (V = 48 m/min) results in a better surface roughness, Ra, for the coarse-grained sample compared to its ultrafine-grained alloy counterpart. When the cutting speed is increased by 1.5 times (up to V = 72 m/min), on the contrary, the ultrafine-grained sample has a lower surface roughness, Ra, compared to the coarse-grained sample. The differences in the morphology and microstructure of the chips, depending on the microstructure type of the processed alloy, are discussed: the presence of plastic flow lines in the chip microstructure of the turned ultrafine-grained sample and the formation of shear bands, cleavages, and microcracks in the chips of the turned coarse-grained alloy.
Inhibition of GCN2 Reveals Synergy with Cell-Cycle Regulation and Proteostasis
Authors: Gauthier-Coles Gregory , Rahimi Farid , Bröer Angelika , Bröer Stefan
Published: October 2023

The integrated stress response is a signaling network comprising four branches, each sensing different cellular stressors, converging on the phosphorylation of eIF2α to downregulate global translation and initiate recovery. One of these branches includes GCN2, which senses cellular amino acid insufficiency and participates in maintaining amino acid homeostasis. Previous studies have shown that GCN2 is a viable cancer target when amino acid stress is induced by inhibiting an additional target. In this light, we screened numerous drugs for their potential to synergize with the GCN2 inhibitor TAP20. The drug sensitivity of six cancer cell lines to a panel of 25 compounds was assessed. Each compound was then combined with TAP20 at concentrations below their IC50, and the impact on cell growth was evaluated. The strongly synergistic combinations were further characterized using synergy analyses and matrix-dependent invasion assays. Inhibitors of proteostasis and the MEK–ERK pathway, as well as the pan-CDK inhibitors, flavopiridol, and seliciclib, were potently synergistic with TAP20 in two cell lines. Among their common CDK targets was CDK7, which was more selectively targeted by THZ-1 and synergized with TAP20. Moreover, these combinations were partially synergistic when assessed using matrix-dependent invasion assays. However, TAP20 alone was sufficient to restrict invasion at concentrations well below its growth-inhibitory IC50. We conclude that GCN2 inhibition can be further explored in vivo as a cancer target.
Preparation of MgO Self-Epitaxial Films for YBCO High-Temperature Coated Conductors
Authors: Yu Fei , Xue Yan , Zhong Chaowei , Song Jiayi , Nie Qiong , Hou Xin , Wang Baolei
Published: October 2023

Ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) has been proposed as a promising texturing technology that uses the film epitaxy method to obtain biaxial texture on a non-textured metal or compound substrate. Magnesium oxide (MgO) is the most well explored texturing material. In order to obtain the optimal biaxial texture, the actual thickness of the IBAD-MgO film must be controlled within 12nm. Due to the bombardment of ion beams, IBAD-MgO has large lattice deformation, poor texture, and many defects in the films. In this work, the solution deposition planarization (SDP) method was used to deposit oxide amorphous Y2O3 films on the surface of Hastelloy C276 tapes instead of the electrochemical polishing, sputtering-Al2O3 and sputtering-Y2O3 in the commercialized buffer layer. An additional homogeneous epitaxy MgO (epi-MgO) layer, which was used to improve the biaxial texture in the IBAD-MgO layer, was deposited on the IBAD-MgO layer by electron-beam evaporation. The effects of growth temperature, film thickness, deposition rate, and oxygen pressure on the texture and morphology of the epi-MgO film were systematically studied. The best full width at half maximum (FWHM) values were 2.2° for the out-of-plane texture and 4.8° for the in-plane texture for epi-MgO films, respectively. Subsequently, the LaMnO3 cap layer and YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) functional layer were deposited on the epi-MgO layer to test the quality of the MgO layer. Finally, the critical current density of the YBCO films was 6 MA/cm2 (77 K, 500 nm, self-field), indicating that this research provides a high-quality MgO substrate for the YBCO layer.
Evaluation of Heavy Metal Presence in Agricultural Samples of Lactuca sativa and Trifolium alexandrinum Using Picosecond Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in Banha and Giza Governorates, Egypt
Authors: Fayek Noura , Tawfik Walid , Khalafallah Ahmed , Hamed Sawsan , Mousa Wafaa , Fikry Mohamed
Published: October 2023

This pioneering study utilizes Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) and Picosecond Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (Ps-LIBS) to quantify heavy metal contents in samples of Lactuca sativa L. and Trifolium alexandrinum L. collected from Banha and Giza, Egypt for the first time. In order to enhance the performance of Ps-LIBS, laser parameters were carefully optimized. Expressly, laser energy was set to 100 ± 5% J/cm², pulse duration was calibrated to 170 picoseconds, and 1064 nm Nd: YAG pulses were employed. This optimization facilitated the creation of linear LIBS calibration curves, a crucial element in ensuring precise elemental quantification and bolstering the overall analytical reliability. The assessment of pollution indices revealed concerningly high levels of copper, nickel, and cadmium consistently across all study sites. Lactuca sativa L. and Trifolium alexandrinum L. also demonstrated multiple metals’ bioaccumulation factors (>1), further underscoring the potential health risks associated with copper, nickel, and cadmium contents. Given these findings, it is imperative to recommend constructing a dedicated wastewater treatment facility to address Al Mansouria village’s environmental challenges in the Giza governorate.
Recent Advances of Composite Nanomaterials for Antibiofilm Application
Authors: Qi Ruilian , Cui Yuanyuan , Liu Jian , Wang Xiaoyu , Yuan Huanxiang
Published: October 2023

A biofilm is a microbial community formed by bacteria that adsorb on the surface of tissues or materials and is wrapped in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) such as polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids. As a protective barrier, the EPS can not only prevent the penetration of antibiotics and other antibacterial agents into the biofilm, but also protect the bacteria in the biofilm from the attacks of the human immune system, making it difficult to eradicate biofilm-related infections and posing a serious threat to public health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new and efficient antibiofilm drugs. Although natural enzymes (lysozyme, peroxidase, etc.) and antimicrobial peptides have excellent bactericidal activity, their low stability in the physiological environment and poor permeability in biofilms limit their application in antibiofilms. With the development of materials science, more and more nanomaterials are being designed to be utilized for antimicrobial and antibiofilm applications. Nanomaterials have great application prospects in antibiofilm because of their good biocompati-bility, unique physical and chemical properties, adjustable nanostructure, high permeability and non-proneness to induce bacterial resistance. In this review, with the application of composite nanomaterials in antibiofilms as the theme, we summarize the research progress of three types of composite nanomaterials, including organic composite materials, inorganic materials and organic–inorganic hybrid materials, used as antibiofilms with non-phototherapy and phototherapy modes of action. At the same time, the challenges and development directions of these composite nanomaterials in antibiofilm therapy are also discussed. It is expected we will provide new ideas for the design of safe and efficient antibiofilm materials.
Angle-Insensitive Ultrathin Broadband Visible Absorber Based on Dielectric–Semiconductor–Lossy Metal Film Stacks
Authors: Ma Yuanchen , Hu Junhao , Li Wenfeng , Yang Zhengmei
Published: October 2023

Ultrathin broadband absorbers with high efficiency, wide angular tolerance, and low fabrication cost are in demand for various applications. Here, we present an angle-insensitive ultrathin (<150 nm) broadband absorber with an average 96.88% (experiment) absorptivity in the whole visible range by utilizing a simple dielectric–semiconductor–lossy metal triple-layer film structure. The excellent broadband absorption performance of the device results from the combined action of the enhanced absorptions in the semiconductor and lossy metal layers exploiting strong interference effects and can be maintained over a wide viewing angle up to ±60°. Benefiting from the lossy metal providing additional absorption, our design reduces the requirement for the semiconductor’s material dispersion and has great flexibility in the material selection of the metal layer. Additionally, the lithography-free nature of the proposed broadband visible absorber provides a high-throughput fabrication convenience, thus holding great potential for its large-area applications in various fields.
Manufacturing Scalable Carbon Nanotube–Silicone/Kevlar Fabrics
Authors: Giri Prakash , Kondapalli Vamsi Krishna Reddy , Joseph Kavitha Mulackampilly , Shanov Vesselin , Schulz Mark
Published: October 2023

Carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid composites were formed by combining a CNT and silicone elastomer solution with Kevlar yarn, Kevlar fabric, and Kevlar veil materials. The integration of a CNT-silicone matrix with Kevlar yarn and fabric materials produced a composite with moderate electrical and thermal conductivity due to CNT fabric combined with the strength of Kevlar fabric or yarn. In the material synthesis, a notable difficulty was that the CNT-silicone did not bond strongly to the Kevlar. The composites passed the Vertical Flame Test ASTM D6413 and the Forced Air Oven Test NFPA 1971. These hybrid composites can have multiple applications in areas requiring favorable conductivity, strength, and flame and heat resistance. The application areas include firefighter apparel, military equipment, conductive/smart structures, and flexible electronics. The synthesis process used to manufacture CNT-silicone/Kevlar composites yielded composite sheets with an area of 2250 cm2. The process is scalable and customizable for the synthesis of CNT composites with tailored properties. Improvements in the bonding of CNT-silicone to Kevlar are being investigated.
Aggression against Nursing Personnel during the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: An Internet-Based Survey
Authors: Cruz Juan Pablo Sánchez-de la , Genis-Mendoza Alma Delia , López-Narváez María Lilia , González-Castro Thelma Beatriz , Juárez-Rojop Isela Esther , Tovilla-Zárate Carlos Alfonso , Nicolini Humberto
Published: October 2023

(1) Background: health care workers, particularly nurses, have been regularly assaulted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Purpose: to evaluate the prevalence and location of assaults against nursing personnel in Latin America, and to determine predictor factors for aggression against nurses. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was answered by 374 nurses working in health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aggression against nurses was estimated using the Victimization Scale. (3) Results: A total of 288 nurses were included in this study. The victimization scale showed that 52.1% of nurses have suffered aggression by the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Males were more likely to be attacked than females (p < 0.05). Additionally, males were attacked more frequently on public transport (x2 = 6.72, p = 0.01). The home neighborhood and markets were other locations with a higher risk of being assaulted (OR: 3.39, CI: 1.53–7.50). (4) Conclusions: Our results indicate that nurses in Latin America who work during the COVID-19 pandemic and social isolation have been frequently assaulted by the general public. Males are more frequently attacked than females and the main places of aggression are public transportation, their home neighborhood and supermarkets. Implications for nursing practice: it is necessary to create and implement protocols and guidelines to support nursing personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was retrospectively registered at the Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (103/CIPDACS/2020) on the (08/2020).
Perceived Consequences of COVID-19 Restrictive Visitation Policy on Family Members at Rural Hospitals in Vhembe District: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Maputle Maria Sonto , Mbedzi Takalani , Maluleke Mary , Netshikweta Mutshinyalo Lizzy , Ramathuba Dorah Ursula , Raliphaswa Ndidzulafhi Selina , Luhalima Takalani Rhoda , Mulondo Seani Adrinah , Malwela Thivhulawi , Tshililo Azwidihwi Rose , Mafumo Julia Langanani , Shilubane Nwamuhohova Hilda , Ndou Nthomeni Dorah , Netshisaulu Khathutshelo Grace
Published: October 2023

From a public health standpoint, a stringent visitation policy was necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic, but it had unforeseen communicative and emotional health consequences for family members. This study explored family members’ experiences regarding implementing a restricted visitation policy when a patient was admitted with COVID-19 at public hospitals in the Vhembe district. Researchers used an exploratory, descriptive, and contextual qualitative technique. Twelve family members made up the population. Unstructured telephone interviews were used to obtain the data, and open coding was used to analyse data. Ethics were consistently followed. Before taking part, participants provided verbal informed consent, acknowledging that they could withdraw from the study if necessary. Three themes emerged: inadequate measures for temporary communication channels and techniques, the mental health effects of COVID-19 admission, and poor/lack of standardised visitation policy during the COVID 19-pandemic. There was a need to balance safety from contracting COVID-19 infection and promoting family-centred care. Virtual visits through telecommunication solutions could reduce fear and anxiety as the family could be updated on the progress of the hospitalised relative. Alternatively, hospital managers must allocate a dedicated person in the unit to update families when they call and enquire about the conditions.
How Do Disaster Relief Nurses in Japan Perceive and Respond to Risks? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nishikawa Aki , Yamaguchi Takumi , Yamada Yumiko , Urata Hideko , Shinkawa Tetsuko , Matsunari Yuko
Published: October 2023

This study assessed the risk perceptions among disaster relief nurses (DRNs) in Japan by focusing on 15 risk factors associated with frequent natural disasters and the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional study that targeted DRNs across six prefectures in Japan and explored nurses’ perceptions of risks including radiation exposure, volcanic eruptions, and mass infections. The findings indicated a heightened perception of radiation and nuclear-related risks. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, DRNs perceived “mass infection” as a significant risk. An age-based analysis revealed that younger nurses had more dread about “mass infection” and had heightened uncertainty about the “X-ray test” compared with their older peers. Understanding DRNs’ risk perceptions is crucial for effective disaster response preparedness and training. The study highlights the need to address these perceptions to ensure that DRNs are well prepared and supported in their roles. This study was not pre-registered on a publicly accessible registry.
A Completely Digital Workflow of an Interim Complete Arch Fixed Implant Prosthesis Using a Novel High-Performance 3D Printed Polymer
Authors: Sadowsky Steven , Stansbury Jeffrey
Published: October 2023

The advent of osseointegration has offered a quantum shift in treatment planning patients with missing teeth. Patients with a terminal dentition or edentulous arch have become candidates for a fixed rehabilitation with immediate function. A striking limitation of this modality, however, has been the mechanical failure rate of the reconstructions, especially the interim prostheses. This clinical report describes a completely digital workflow and additive manufacturing of an interim complete arch fixed implant prosthesis, immediately placed after extraction. The prosthesis is supported by four immediately loaded implants on the maxillary arch, using stackable guides and the use of a novel 3D printed high-performance UDMA to improve precision, efficiency, and prosthetic stability.
Field Study on the Prevalence of Ovine Footrot, Contagious Ovine Digital Dermatitis, and Their Associated Bacterial Species in Swedish Sheep Flocks
Authors: Rosander Anna , Mourath Sophia , König Ulrika , Nyman Ann , Frosth Sara
Published: October 2023

Ovine footrot and contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) cause lameness in sheep, affecting welfare and economics. Previous Swedish studies focused on individual slaughter lambs, leaving flock-wide prevalence less explored. This study examined the prevalence of footrot and CODD in Swedish sheep flocks, focusing on adult sheep. From 99 flocks, 297 swabs were analysed using real-time PCR for Dichelobacter nodosus, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Treponema spp. Sampled feet were photographed and assessed using scoring systems for footrot and CODD. Results indicated footrot prevalences (footrot score ≥ 2) of 0.7% and 2.0% at the individual and flock levels, respectively, whereas there were no signs of CODD. The individual footrot prevalence was lower than that from a 2009 study but aligned with a 2020 study, both conducted on slaughter lambs. Dichelobacter nodosus, F. necrophorum, and Treponema spp. were found in 5.7%, 1.3%, and 65.0% of sheep, and in 9.1%, 3.0%, and 82.8% of flocks, respectively. Compared to the 2020 study, there was a notable decrease in F. necrophorum and Treponema spp., while D. nodosus was consistent. In conclusion, the findings show a low prevalence of footrot, CODD, D. nodosus, and F. necrophorum in Swedish sheep flocks. Continuous surveillance and owner education are important to maintain this favourable status.
Immunohistochemical Characterization of M1, M2, and M4 Macrophages in Leprosy Skin Lesions
Authors: Quaresma Tatiane Costa , de Aguiar Valentim Lívia , de Sousa Jorge Rodrigues , de Souza Aarão Tinara Leila , Fuzii Hellen Thais , Duarte Maria Irma Seixas , de Souza Juarez , Quaresma Juarez Antônio Simões
Published: October 2023

Mycobacterium leprae is the etiological agent of leprosy. Macrophages (Mφs) are key players involved in the pathogenesis of leprosy. In this study, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine the phenotype of Mφ subpopulations, namely M1, M2, and M4, in the skin lesions of patients diagnosed with leprosy. Based on the database of treatment-naïve patients treated between 2015 and 2019 at the Department of Dermatology of the University of the State of Pará, Belém, routine clinical screening samples were identified. The monolabeling protocol was used for M1 macrophages (iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α) and M2 macrophages (IL-10, IL-13, CD163, Arginase 1, TGF-β, FGFb), and the double-labeling protocol was used for M4 macrophages (IL-6, MMP7, MRP8, TNF-α e CD68). To confirm the M4 macrophage lineage, double labeling of the monoclonal antibodies CD68 and MRP8 was also performed. Our results demonstrated a statistically significant difference for the M1 phenotype among the Virchowian (VV) (4.5 ± 1.3, p < 0.0001), Borderline (1.6 ± 0.4, p < 0.0001), and tuberculoid (TT) (12.5 ± 1.8, p < 0.0001) clinical forms of leprosy. Additionally, the M2 phenotype showed a statistically significant difference among the VV (12.5 ± 2.3, p < 0.0001), Borderline (1.3 ± 0.2, p < 0.0001), and TT (3.2 ± 0.7, p < 0.0001) forms. For the M4 phenotype, a statistically significant difference was observed in the VV (9.8 ± 1.7, p < 0.0001), Borderline (1.2 ± 0.2, p < 0.0001), and TT (2.6 ± 0.7, p < 0.0001) forms. A significant correlation was observed between the VV M1 and M4 (r = 0.8712; p = 0.0000) and between the VV M2 × TT M1 (r = 0.834; p = 0.0002) phenotypes. The M1 Mφs constituted the predominant Mφ subpopulation in the TT and Borderline forms of leprosy, whereas the M2 Mφs showed increased immunoexpression and M4 was the predominant Mφ phenotype in VV leprosy. These results confirm the relationship of the Mφ profile with chronic pathological processes of the inflammatory response in leprosy.