bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a Wind Panel with Savonius Wind Turbines
Authors: Grzymislawski Przemyslaw , Poltoraczyk Dawid , Kalkowska Joanna
Published: November 2024

The paper presents the results of numerical analysis of a wind panel built of 6 vertical Savonious wind turbines. The basis for comparison were calculations made for a single turbine with the same parameters. Simulations were performed for six different directions of inflow, from almost parallel to the panel (5◦) to almost perpendicular (85◦). The calculations were performed using the Ansys FLUENT program, while the computational grids were prepared in the GMSH program. The aim of the analyses was to investigate the influence of the wind inflow angle on the panel on the amount of energy produced on subsequent turbines. The analysis covered the velocities between individual turbines and their influence on subsequent turbines. The calculations were performed as time-varying on a two-dimensional plane. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the inflow angle has a large influence on the efficiency of subsequent turbines. For the angles up to 30◦ the aerodynamic wake behind subsequent turbines has a huge influence on the stability of the inflow on the next ones. For the cases from 45◦ the flow between turbines starts playing significant role.
A Trinuclear Co(II) Complex Based on the Tris-dioxolene Triphenylene Non Innocent Bridge: Complementary Redox, Magnetic Behavior and Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Colin Aristide , Wang Yiting , Lambert François , Bridonneau Nathalie , Suaud Nicolas , Guillot Régis , Rivière Eric , Halime Zakaria , Guihéry Nathalie , Ohkoshi Shin-ichi , Mallah Talal
Published: November 2024

A trinuclear Co(II)-containing complex was assembled using the non-innocent hexahydroxytriphenylene bridging ligand. Cyclovoltammetry and spectro-electrochemistry studies revealed that the central ligand can sustain five reversible redox events leading to different spices with diverse optical behavior. Complementary analysis of the molecular structure confirmed by ab initio theoretical calculations are consistent with the bridge in the tris-semiquinone (sq) state for the trinuclear complex. The exchange coupling among the electrons of the bridge results in a spin doublet (s = ½) localized close to one of the three Co(II) ions, as suggested by the experimental magnetic data. The central doublet undergoes one large antiferromagnetic exchange coupling with one Co(II) and almost no coupling with the two other metal ions.
Sequential Neural Network-Based Gait Analysis and Step Length Estimation with a Foot-Mounted IMU
Authors: Paul Aritra , Sadhukhan Pampa , Das Pradip K. , Roy Nirmalya
Published: November 2024

Gait analysis with step length estimation is essential not only for assessing an individual's health status, mobility, and balance but also for designing a pedestrian navigation system in infrastructure-less environments. This study presents an improved methodology for gait analysis and step length estimation (SLE) by applying a sequential neural network (SNN), a kind of artificial neural network, to sensor data collected from a foot-mounted inertial measurement unit. Our proposed methodology employs a Butterworth filter and normalization technique to smooth the sensor signals. Key gait-related features are then extracted and fed to the SNN, predicting step length without involving any user-specific parameter. The performance of our proposed SNN-based SLE method is evaluated and compared with our previously developed peak-valley detection-based SLE in terms of accuracy. Ten participants including both male and female (aged 24-50) took part in a walking experiment on a 60-meter linear path, walking under two modes – normal and fast. The accuracy results show that our new SNN-based SLE method achieves superior performance with accuracy exceeding 99.4% for each participant and demonstrates greater resilience to variations in user dynamics compared to our previously developed traditional Peak-Valley detection-based SLE method, confirming the proposed SNN-based approach as a superior solution.
Characterizing Canine Frontal Electroencephalographic Patterns and Cardiovascular Correlates at Different Anesthetic Levels of Sevoflurane
Authors: Murillo Carla , Ko* Jeff C. , Weil Ann B , Kreuzer Matthias , Moore George E
Published: November 2024

This study evaluated electroencephalogram [EEG] and cardiovascular correlation of sevoflurane anesthesia in healthy beagle dogs at varying minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) multiples. Processed EEG indices (Patient State Index [PSI], burst suppression ratio [SR], and Spectral Edge Frequency [SEF95], cardiovascular parameters (mean blood pressure [MBP], heart rate [HR]), and responses to noxious (electrical) stimuli were recorded. Deep anesthesia (2.5x MAC) resulted in lowest PSI and MBP values (13.5 ± 9.9, 42.2 ± 7.4 mmHg, respectively), highest SR (52.7 ± 35.4%), and dominant burst suppression. Surgical anesthesia (1.5x MAC) was characterized by alpha/low beta waves and absence of response to noxious stimuli. At 1x MAC (2.1%), PSI and MBP increased (41.9 ± 12.6, 119.9 ± 17.7, respectively) while SR decreased (7.1 ± 13%). A moderate PSI-MBP correlation (ρ = 0.48, p = 0.002) was observed. Recovery was acceptable or smooth in most dogs. These findings suggest that sevoflurane disrupts cortical communication, inducing anesthesia and antinocicep-tion, and that real-time EEG.
Influence of Fresh Latex Coagulation on the Parameter Characteristics of the Yeoh Hyperelastic Constitutive Model for Natural Rubber
Authors: Ding Li , Huang Honghai , Wang Yuekun , Li Jianwei , Gui Hongxing , Chen Yongping
Published: November 2024

Currently, natural rubber is an irreplaceable and important strategic material. Coagulation of fresh latex is one of the key processes in natural rubber processing, which directly affects the properties of natural rubber and its derived materials. Based on tensile experiments and the Yeoh model, the effects of natural coagulation, enzyme coagulation, acid coagulation, microbial coagulation, and enzyme-assisted microbial coagulation modes on the superelastic ontological relationships of natural rubber were analyzed in detail. Given the limitations of the Yeoh model in describing the mechanical behavior in the low-strain region, a strain-rate-related factor was introduced and a more accurate hyperelastic constitutive relationship of natural rubber was established. The results demonstrate that the Yeoh model effectively characterizes the mechanical behavior of natural rubber carbon black composites in the moderate and high-strain regions. Additionally, the material characteristics reflected by the model parameters align with those observed in cyclic tensile tests The performance of rubber under small, medium, and large deformations is different for different coagulation methods. The modulus of natural coagulation rubber is the highest in small deformations, the modulus of enzyme coagulation rubber is the highest in medium deformations and the modulus of enzyme-assisted microbial coagulation rubber is the highest in large deformations so that the appropriate coagulation method can be selected according to the degree of deformation of the rubber required by application scenarios in the practical application. Following the incorporation of a strain-rate-related factor, the modified Yeoh model provides accurate predictions of stress-strain curves across different tensile speeds within the low-strain range.
First Report on the Emergence of Neopestalotiopsis rosae as a Severe Economic Threat to Strawberry Production in Germany
Authors: Schierling Tom E. , Voegele Ralf T. , El-Hasan Abbas
Published: November 2024

Strawberries hold significant economic importance in both German and global agriculture. However, their yield is often adversely affected by fungal diseases. This study describes Neopestalotiopsis rosae as a newly emerging pathogen responsible for leaf blight and fruit rot in strawberries in Germany. Infected plants were observed in Hohenheim, Germany. A combination of morphological and molecular analyses, along with pathogenicity tests, confirmed the identity of N. rosae as the causal agent. Morphological examination of conidia and mycelium revealed key characteristics including the presence of versicolorous median cells, conidial appendages, black spherical conidiomata formation as well as changing colony color and fluffy texture. These properties align with the established descriptions for the species. Molecular analysis, particularly the sequencing of internal transcribed spacer and β-tubulin regions allowed the precise identification of the pathogen. Artificial inoculation of healthy strawberry plants with conidial suspension derived from the isolated strain resulted in the development of characteristic symptoms, including necrotic leaf spots and water-soaked fruit lesions, similar to those observed on the original infected plants. To our knowledge, this study presents the first documented occurrence of N. rosae in Germany, highlighting its emergence as a significant threat to strawberry production in Europe.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Echinococcus granulosus Infections in Children: Findings of a 7 Years Retrospective Study
Authors: Mihai Cristina Maria , Chisnoiu Tatiana , Balasa Adriana Luminita , Baciu Ginel , Lupu Vasile Valeriu , Popovici Violeta , Suciu Felicia , Enache Florin-Daniel , Cambrea Simona Claudia , Stoicescu Ramona Mihaela
Published: November 2024

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected tropical parasitic disease linked with significant social and economic burdens worldwide. The scientific community has minimal information on echinococcosis in Romanian people, and hospital medical recordings are the only sources that may be used to investigate its status. A 7-year retrospective clinical study on pediatric patients with CE from South-Eastern Romania was performed, and 39 children were included, 2-15 years old. They were hospitalized with cystic echinococcosis in the Pediatric Department and Pediatric Surgery Department from Constanta County Clinical Emergency Hospital "St. Apostle Andrew," between 1 January 2017 and 1 October 2024. Twenty-nine (74.36%) pediatric patients came from rural zones, and 10 (25.64%) had urban residences. 28 children (71.79%) had contact with four different animals (dogs, goats, pigs, and sheep); only 4 were from urban zones, and they had contact only with dogs. Data regarding length of hospital stay, cyst location, and complications were collected and analyzed. According to the medical files, the diagnosis was established using imaging techniques and serological tests for CE. IgE and IgG reported appreciable variations in correlation with all parameters, and significant differences (p<0.05) were recorded. IgE levels considerably increased in cases of no animal contact, pulmonary involvement, complications, surgical treatment, and multiple hospitalizations. Moderate IgE values were recorded in urban residences, pig and sheep contact, and hepatic involvement. The IgG concentration considerably increased sheep contact and moderately increased in patients from rural zones, hepatic involvement, complications, and surgical treatment. The results show that incidental discovery, symptoms, complications, multiple dissemination, pulmonary involvement, and dog and pig contact increase the hospitalization time. Extensive data analysis supports our results. Our findings highlight the complexity of managing E. granulosus infections in children and evidence the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, combining early diagnostic tools, tailored medical therapy, and careful surgical intervention when necessary.
Estimating Carbon Storage in Tree Stem Biomass of Mixed Boreal Forest Using UAV LiDAR Data
Authors: Ilyasov Danil V. , Glagolev Mikhail V. , Ernova Albina A. , Kaverin Alexandr A. , Rusakova Valeriya A. , Kondratenko Artur V. , Kupriianova Iuliia V. , Kulyabin Mikhail F.
Published: November 2024

The inventory of carbon stocks in forests and the assessment of their spatio-temporal variability is a crucial task in the context of climate change and the search for adaptation strategies, as noted at both international and national levels. Since 2022, Russia has been implementing the project “Rhythm of Carbon”, one of the main goals of which is the assessment of carbon stocks in forests on permanent sites, which should be further upscaled using remote methods. We conducted the assessment of carbon stocks in tree stem biomass in a mixed boreal forest at the “Mukhrino” field station (West Siberia) using a comprehensive approach based on UAV LiDAR surveys and ground verification. Allometric models based on an ensemble approach and stochastic modeling were used to assess the relationship between ground-determined wood biomass stocks and tree height obtained via LiDAR. We obtained sufficient agreement between ground-based and remote assessments of tree heights, their number, and carbon stocks, which averaged 54 ± 11 t/ha. However, the LiDAR assessment conducted from a flight altitude of 120 meters does not account for understory trees due to the high canopy closure and systematically underestimates the number of overstory trees, which was compensated for using a correction factor.
Implementing Green Management in the Petroleum Industry: A Model Proposal for Türkiye
Authors: Zehir Cemal , Atay Özlem , Koçman Özge
Published: November 2024

Energy resources are considered a primary factor in the sustainable social and economic development of nations. Among the currently utilized energy sources, oil and natural gas constitute the largest portion. It is well established that the production, processing, transportation, and consumption of these fossil energy resources significantly impact environmental ecosystems and the atmosphere, leading to various environmental issues. The petroleum industry encompasses a broad range of activities characterized by substantial reserves and high volumes of production, processing, and consumption. In this context, the negative effects of the sector’s various operational processes on the environment are addressed through the implementation of environmental management systems aimed at mitigating or eliminating these impacts. To evaluate the environmental protection approaches and practices of petroleum enterprises based on their operational domains, a survey was conducted, and the collected data underwent statistical analysis. According to the results of the statistical data analysis, it has been determined that enterprises in the Turkish petroleum sector have adopted an approach known as green management or environmentally conscious entrepreneurship. In line with the objectives of this study and the statistical findings obtained, a "green management model" has been proposed for enterprises in the Turkish petroleum industry, taking into consideration global practices and aligning with the principles of environmentally responsible green entrepreneurship.
Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 Signaling Pathway for Cancer Therapy: Focus on Biomarkers
Authors: Strati Areti , Adamopoulos Christos , Kotsantis Ioannis , Psyrri Amanda , Lianidou Evi , Papavassiliou Athanasios
Published: November 2024

The PD1/PD-L1 axis plays an important immunosuppressive role during the T cell mediated immune response, which is essential for the physiological homeostasis of the immune system. The biology of the immunological microenvironment is extremely complex and crucial for the development of treatment strategies for immunotherapy. Characterization of the immunological, genomic or transcriptomic landscape of cancer patients could allow discrimination between responders and non-responders to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) therapy has shown remarkable efficacy in a variety of malignancies in landmark trials and has fundamentally changed cancer therapy. Current research focuses on strategies to maximize patient selection for therapy, clarify mechanisms of resistance, improve existing biomarkers, including PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB), and discover new biomarkers. In this review, we focus on the function of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway and discuss the immunological, genomic, epigenetic and transcriptomic landscape in cancer patients receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Finally, we provide an overview of the clinical trials testing the efficacy of antibodies against PD-1/PD-L1.
Orthodontic Management in Rare Diseases in Pediatric Age: Cases Reports
Authors: Luzzi Valeria , Fioravanti Miriam , Mitrano Lilia , Saccucci Matteo , Celli Mauro , Celli Luca , Vozza Iole , Ierardo Gaetano
Published: November 2024

Background: The orthodontic therapy management in pediatric patients affected by rare diseases like Ectodermal Dysplasia (ED) and Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) requires complex protocols, for presence of dental anomalies in number and structure. Orthodontic management of those dental alterations is different form the traditional one, for anchoring deficiency due to dental anomalies, imposing a skeletal anchoring. Methods: Patients were treated with orthodontic therapy with Maxillary Skeletal Expander (MSE) with miniscrews at the Complex Operative Unit (UOC) of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I. After a medical anamnesis, a lateral cephalometric radiograph and a Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) were performed before therapy to obtain orthodontic diagnosis, verify bone quantity and quality, and create a customized hybrid device. At the end of treatment, the exams were performed again to verify MSE therapy effectiveness. Results: the orthodontic management in pediatric patients affected by rare diseases was achieved due to skeletal anchoring, with results comparable to those not affected. Conclusions: This study analyzes possible orthodontic strategy with aid of orthodontic miniscrews in various clinical cases. MSE with miniscrews therapy is an innovative therapy that finds different clinical applications, even in the most complex cases.
Role of Locus Coeruleus Chemogenetic Modulation in the Behavior of Hyperdopaminergic Rats Lacking the Dopamine Transporter
Authors: Gromova Arina A. , Shemiakova Taisiia S. , Khotin Mikhail G. , Petrunina Evgeniia N. , Gainetdinov Raul R. , Kurzina Natalia P. , Volnova Anna B.
Published: November 2024

The Locus Coeruleus (LC) is a critical area in the brain that plays an important role in several neural pathways associated with a range of physiological and behavioral processes. Its activity can modulate both norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine neurotransmission, particularly in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In the present study, we show that a chemogenetically induced increase in norepinephrine release from the LC to the PFC reduced hyperactive behavioral patterns in rats lacking the dopamine transporter (DAT-KO rats) with spontaneously elevated dopamine transmission. These manipulations in hyperdopaminergic mutants also caused amelioration of cognitive abnormalities in spatial learning task as evidenced by decreases in perseverative activity and the number of visits to the error zone. Furthermore, chemogenetic activation of NE neurotransmission in these animals significantly improved their performance in in this maze test. Thus, the results obtained of this study highlight an important modulatory role of NE on hyperactivity and cognitive dysfunctions of hyperdopaminergic DAT-KO rats lacking the dopamine transporter.
Development of a Green Tea Origin Identification System Using Machine Learning Models
Authors: Akiyama Rikuto , Suzuki Kana , Shibata Mario , Llave Yvan , Matsumoto Takashi
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to develop a system for identifying the origin of various Japanese green teas (Sayama, Kakegawa, Yame, and Chiran) by combining fluorescence fingerprinting with convolutional neural networks (CNN). Food origin labeling is critical for consumer quality and safety assurance, but the issue of false labeling has increased, making accurate identification a priority for the food industry. In this study, the fluorescence characteristics of green tea were measured, and fluorescence fingerprint data were converted into image data for CNN model analysis, implemented with Python, TensorFlow, and Keras. Each sample’s fluorescence was measured across a 200-750 nm range, capturing chemical composition differences reflective of each region. Based on this data, CNN, well-suited for image recognition, successfully identified tea origins with an average accuracy of 92.83% across ten trials. Particularly, Chiran and Yame teas achieved a precision and recall rate above 95%, showing a clear distinction from other regions. Classification of Kakegawa and Sayama teas posed challenges due to their similar fluorescence patterns, which lowered accuracy for these regions. This study demonstrates fluorescence fingerpainting’s potential in food origin identification, with applications in fraud prevention and quality control. Further research aims to expand this model to other regions and food products, improve data preprocessing, and enhance model accuracy, building a versatile identification system.
Mechanisms and Diagnosis of Chemotherapy Induced Cognitive Impairment in Cancer Survivors
Authors: Panaite Diana Ioana , Florea Cristina Maria , Volovat Cristian Constantin , Ostafe Madalina Raluca , Volovat Constantin , Butureanu Tudor Andrei , Volovăț Simona Ruxandra
Published: November 2024

In the current context, breast cancer survivors are characterized by an increased life expectancy through the introduction of screening methods but also of the multidisciplinary therapeutic approach. Thus, the appearance and persistence of adverse effects associated with cancer and its treatment, including cognitive dysfunction, can influence the quality of life in these patients. It is imperative to define the ideas that are incorporated in the vast concept of "cognitive dysfunction associated with cancer" or "oncobrain," alongside to describe the processes that lead to it. Therefore, certain physiological, but also pathological, values of the patient's profile influence the appearance and progression of chemobrain. Among the most frequently cited factors in the literature are age, disorders such as anxiety and depression, and educational level. Furthermore, based on the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases, researchers have developed multiple theories about the causes of chemobrain, many of which rely on data from clinical practice. Given the wide range of changes involved, it's crucial to identify the tests that can both subjectively and objectively demonstrate the cognitive dysfunction associated with the various targeted cognitive impairments. These observations will pave the way for progress in the therapy of these adverse effects.
Proving the Formation of Carbonic Acid Hemiesters Using Self-Assembled Monolayers and Electrochemistry
Authors: Santos Berlane Gomes , Carli Fernanda Pereira , do Lago Claudimir Lucio , Gutz Ivano Gebhardt Rolf , Angnes Lúcio
Published: November 2024

This study demonstrates, for the first time, the formation of a hemiester of carbonic acid on self-assembled monolayers using voltammetric techniques and redox probes. A gold electrode (GE) was modified with 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) through self-assembly. With this modified electrode (GE-ME), a well-defined peak was observed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) for the negatively charged redox probe, ferricyanide/ferrocyanide, [Fe(CN)6]3-/4-, in sodium acetate as electrolyte adjusted to pH 8.2. In the presence of dissolved CO2, there is a decrease of the ferrocyanide peak current with time (~30% in 60 min), attributed to the formation of the hemiester 2-mercapto ethyl carbonate at the GE-ME/solution interface. Similarly, dissolved CO2 also affects the electrochemical impedance measurements by increasing the resistance to the charge transfer process with time (elevation of Rct values), compatible with the formation of the hemiester. The addition of barium salt led to the displacement of the equilibrium towards BaCO3 precipitation and consequent dissociation of the hemiester, attested by the recovery of the initial ferricyanide DPV signal. With the positively charged redox probe [Ru(NH3)6]2+ no decrease in the DPV peak was observed during the formation of the hemiester by reaction with bicarbonate. The repulsion of [Fe(CN)6]3-, but not of [Ru(NH3)6]2+ suggests that the formed species is the negatively charged 2-mercapto-ethyl carbonate, i.e., the hemiester with a dissociated proton. Due to the lack voltammetric signal from the hemiester itself, the formation of a self-assembled layer of thio-alcohol followed by the gradual formation of the corresponding carbonic acid hemiester allowed to reach an elegant way to demonstrate the electrochemical formation of these species.
On the Recursive Representation of the Permutation Flow Shop Scheduling Problem and Its Extension
Authors: Kupriyanov Boris , Werner Frank , Lazarev Alexander , Roschin Alexander
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we propose a formulation of the permutation flow shop scheduling problem (PFSP) by special recursive functions and show its equivalence to the existing classical formulation. Equivalence is understood in the sense that both ways of defining the problem describe the same set of feasible schedules for each pair of job and machine numbers. In fact, this paper attempts to use the apparatus of recursive functions for scheduling problems. Moreover, the predicate $and$ is introduced into the problem, and the problem PFS is expanded from a chain of machines to an acyclic graph. To construct an optimal schedule, the branch and bound method is considered based on the recursive function, which is included into the corresponding job permutation algorithm. The complexity of the optimization algorithm does not increase compared to the non-recursive PFS problem. Finally, we present some initial computational results.
Analysis of Blood Stasis for Stent Thrombosis using an Advection-Diffusion Lattice Boltzmann Scheme
Authors: Waerden Ruben van der , Spendlove James , Entwistle James , Xu Xu , Narracott Andrew J. , Gunn Julian , Halliday Ian
Published: November 2024

An advection-diffusion solver has been applied to assess how
stent strut shape and position impact the development of a pro-thrombotic
region within the stented human artery. We use a suitably parameterised advection-diffusion equation with a source term that is spatially uniform within a certain sub-domain of interest, to compute a ``time concentration''. The latter will serve as a surrogate quantity for ``age'' of fluid parcels, i.e., the time the fluid parcel has spent in the sub-domain. This is a particularly useful concept in the context of coronary artery haemodynamics, where blood stasis (or residence time) is recognised as the most important factor in thrombotic initiation. Our novel method has a very straightforward and convenient single lattice Boltzmann simulation framework encapsulation. We compute, present and correlate our residence time surrogate with a range of traditional haemodynamic metrics (wall shear stress, shear rate and re-circulation region shapes) and finally assess how these data can be used to quantify the risk of thrombus formation.
The Transformation of Water Management: From Market Solutions to Rights-Based Approaches
Authors: Verwoerd Jan C
Published: November 2024

This article analyses how the debate over water privatisation has changed since it became popular in the 1980s, moving from a simple public-versus-private argument to a nuanced discussion of resource management, human rights, and environmental sustainability. The study illustrates how the results of privatisation are inextricably tied to institutional capability, regulatory frameworks, and local socioeconomic circumstances through the examination of international case studies. Three key aspects are examined in the study: the conflict between market-based techniques and universal coverage ambitions, the issue of corruption in the intricate technical and governance frameworks of the industry, and the need to strike a balance between affordability concerns and efficiency improvements. Recent developments reveal a shift towards domestic and regional enterprises gaining prominence, particularly from developing nations, alongside the emergence of hybrid models combining private sector participation with public oversight. The findings suggest that future water privatisation will be predominantly shaped by political considerations, requiring innovative approaches that balance commercial viability with social responsibility and environmental stewardship.
Pathogenetic Mechanisms Linking Sarcoidosis to Lymphoma
Authors: Voutidou Styliani , Eleftheriadis Dimitrios , Drakopanagiotakis Fotios , Papanikolaou Ilias C , Steiropoulos Paschalis
Published: November 2024

Sarcoidosis and lymphoma share immunopathological characteristics that suggest a complex, interconnected relationship. This article examines the multi-faceted mechanisms linking sarcoidosis to lymphoma, a phenomenon referred to as sarcoidosis-lymphoma syndrome (SLS). SLS is hard to diagnose, requiring distinct criteria and imaging to differentiate overlapping features and histological differences. The co-occurrence of these diseases may be explained by genetic predispositions, immune dysregulation, and environmental factors that together enhance malignancy risk. In active sarcoidosis, chronic inflammation and granuloma formation induce the production of cytokines that can contribute to lymphoma development. The role of macrophage polarization is also discussed. Immunosuppressive treatment prescribed in sarcoidosis patients, particularly corticosteroids and biological agents, may inadvertently increase further the susceptibility to lymphoproliferative malignancies. These common mechanisms emphasize the need for vigilant monitoring of lymphoma in patients with sarcoidosis as this granulomatous disease can not only mimic but also promote the development of lymphoma.
Reducing Agricultural Land Use through Plant-Based Diets: A Case Study of Romania
Authors: Balan Ioana Mihaela , Trasca Teodor Ioan
Published: November 2024

Agricultural systems face increasing global pressure to address sustainability challenges, particularly regarding land use and environmental protection. In Romania, where traditional diets are heavily dependent on animal-based products, optimizing land use is critical. This study investigates the potential of plant-based diets to reduce agricultural land use, examining scenarios of partial and complete replacement of animal protein with plant protein sources (soy, peas, and potatoes). The research modeled three dietary transition scenarios – replacing 33%, 50%, and 100% of animal protein with plant-based protein – using data from the Romanian National Institute of Statistics, FAO, and international sources. Land use was calculated for each scenario using formulas that take into account protein content and land use intensity for animal and plant protein sources. The simulations quantify the reduction in agricultural land use at the per capita and national levels. The study reveals significant land-saving potential across all scenarios. At the national level, land use reductions ranged from 84,020 hectares (33% replacement) to 1,067,443 hectares (100% replacement). High-impact products such as beef and dairy continue to dominate land use, even in partial replacement scenarios. Conversely, replacing pork and chicken proteins shows substantial savings. The findings highlight the inefficiency of animal-based protein production and the ecological benefits of transitioning to plant-based diets. A dietary shift towards plant-based protein in Romania could achieve significant reductions in agricultural land use, contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals. This transition not only supports environmental conservation and resource optimization, but also provides public health benefits by reducing consumption of red and processed meat. These results provide a basis for policies to promote sustainable and nutritionally balanced food systems.
Development of Endosalpingiosis in Patients with a History of Breast Cancer
Authors: Matsumoto Yuuka , Hayashi Takuma , Amano Yasuaki , Abiko Kaoru , Konishi Ikuo
Published: November 2024

Endosalpingiosis occurs in relatively young women. The incidence of endosalpingiosis exceeds that of other diseases affecting female tissues. As endosalpingiosis is a benign tumor, several women with endosalpingiosis are asymptomatic. Endosalpingiosis is a lesion characterized by the presence of ectopic glandular tissues lined with epithelium similar to the tubal-type epithelium. Therefore, the development of endosalpingiosis is frequently incidentally discovered during abdominal surgery for other diseases. A definitive diagnosis of endosalpingiosis is made by pathological diagnosis and pathological findings on the surgically removed tissue. In some cases, glandular structures comprising a single layer of columnar to cuboidal epithelial cells are observed in surgically removed tissues of the uterine body, bilateral peritoneal tissues, omental tissues, and even lymph node tissues. Recently, our medical staff has experienced cases of endosalpingiosis with a history of breast cancer, which rarely has clinically significant consequences. Elucidating the mechanism of endosalpingiosis will facilitate understanding of the origin of primary tumors in the ovaries and peritoneum. Furthermore, to prevent unnecessary additional surgical treatments (e.g., chemotherapy), differentiating endosalpingiosis from ovarian borderline (low-grade) tumors or dissemination of malignant tumors and from endosalpingiosis and primary peritoneal mesothelioma or serous tumors is essential. We here discuss the historical and medical aspects of tubal endometriosis, which was discovered as an intraabdominal mass and incidentally diagnosed.
Lactoferrin as a Versatile Agent in Nanoparticle Applications: From Therapeutics to Agriculture
Authors: Akdaşçi Emir , Eker Furkan , Duman Hatice , Singh Priyanka , Bechelany Mikhael , Karav Sercan
Published: November 2024

Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a potent choice for various applications, serving as an al-ternative and promising methodology for future advancements. They have been explored in nu-merous emerging applications, demonstrating immense promise and high efficiency. NPs can be utilized with various biomolecules for delivery or as surface materials to enhance their capabili-ties. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a glycoprotein recognized for its significant multifunctional properties, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and neuroprotective effects. Its activity has a broad distribution in the human body, with Lf receptors present in multiple regions. Current research shows that Lf is utilized in NP technology as a surface material, encapsulated biomolecule, and even as a NP itself. Due to the abundance of Lf receptors in various regions, Lf can be employed as a surface material in NPs for targeted delivery strategies, particularly in crossing the BBB and targeting specific cancers. Furthermore, Lf can be synthesized in a NP structure, positioning it as a strong candidate in future NPs related applications. In this article, we explored the highlighted and underexplored areas of Lf applications in NPs research.
Bridging the Gender Gap in Climate-Resilient Sweet Potato Farming: A Case Study from Goromonzi District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Munyaka Jean-Claude Baraka , Gallay Olivier , Chenal Jerome , Mutandwa Edward , Salgado Ximena , Pindayi Tariro , Gondo Davison , Herbert Pfuma , Mhembere Rumbidzai , Tamanikwa Tinotenda , Chipise Shawn
Published: November 2024

This study delves into the gender-specific challenges and opportunities in sweet potato farming in Goromonzi District, Zimbabwe, against the backdrop of escalating droughts. Through a blend of surveys, expert analysis, and high-resolution satellite imagery, the research uncovers critical factors shaping sweet potato production—ranging from land access and cultivation techniques to harvesting and market dynamics. By leveraging the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) framework, the study evaluates these factors' importance and presents innovative, gender-inclusive strategies to foster climate resilience. Remote sensing tools map the severity of droughts, while data analysis reveals the interconnected challenges faced by farmers. The findings spotlight the urgent need for equitable resource access and support systems to empower both male and female farmers, paving the way for sustainable agriculture in an era of climate uncertainty.
Endophytic Fungal Secondary Metabolites as Potential Drug Discovery Agents against Antimicrobial Resistance: A Systematic Review
Authors: Esifua Adu-Twum Francisca , Abdul-Quddus Mohammed Nimrod , Odoom Alex
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The rise of antimicrobial resistance has become a pressing global public health concern, necessitating the exploration of alternative antimicrobial agents. Endophytes have been recognized as a rich source of novel metabolites with potential antimicrobial properties. Aim: To comprehensively review the literature on secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi with antimicrobial activities against priority pathogens. Method: A systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Studies that reported the isolation and elucidation of secondary endophyte metabolites with inhibitory effects against clinically relevant bacteria and fungi were included. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. Results: Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria, and 77 specialised metabolites were characterised across the studies. These secondary metabolites exhibited broad-spectrum in vitro growth inhibition against priority pathogens, including bacteria such as E. coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and fungi such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus spp. Conclusion: This systematic review provides an overview of the current evidence on secondary endophyte metabolites with antibacterial and antifungal activities. The results highlight the potential of endophytes as a source of new antimicrobial agents.
Impact of PostCovid-19 on Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Kurmanova Gaukhar , Ayazbekov Ardak , Kurmanova Almagul , Rakhimbayeva Madina , Trimova Gulzhan , Kulembayeva Anarkul
Published: November 2024

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy was associated with a number of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and stillbirth. The virus persistence can last for a long time, and the consequences of a previous coronavirus infection are currently under study. This study aimed to establish the clinical features of the course of pregnancy and childbirth in women with a history of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study was conducted in the Regional Perinatal Center N3 of Turkestan city, Kazakhstan from August to September 2021. A total of 229 participants were enrolled comprising individuals with (n=133, exposed group) or without a history of COVID-19 (n=96, unexposed group). There is a statistically significant strong relationship between a history of COVID-19 and the development of oligohydramnios (φ=0.743, p<0.001); medium strength between a history of COVID-19 and the presence of anemia, abnormal development of the placenta, cord entanglement, low birth weight and stillbirth (p<0.001). The past COVID-19 infection in pregnant women have long-term consequences in the form of placenta abnormal development and oligohydramnios, and as a result, the development of adverse perinatal outcomes.
Energy Saving Technologies and Practices in Facility Agriculture in Cold Regions
Authors: Ningning Li , WeiYao Xu , Yue Zhang , WenChuan Ma , YanJie Ren
Published: November 2024

With the growth of the global population, energy demand continues to rise, making cross regional energy transportation less viable as a sustainable solution. As a result, the construction of facilities for agriculture in cold regions has become increasingly important in the development of modern agriculture. However, cold region facility agriculture faces significant energy and environmental challenges, necessitating the advancement and application of energy saving technologies. This study addresses the high energy consumption in cold region facility agriculture by experimentally evaluating the integrated energy saving effects of geothermal heat pumps, solar collectors, intelligent light control systems, LED plant lamps, and smart ventilation systems. The focus is on analyzing the technical adaptability and economic feasibility of these technologies under extremely cold conditions in Heilongjiang. The research findings indicate an overall energy saving rate of 17.8%, with energy savings in heating, lighting, and ventilation systems being 17.6%, 18.6%, and 17.4%, respectively. Economic analysis shows that geothermal heat pumps and high efficiency insulation materials have a short investment payback period and are suitable for widespread adoption, while solar collectors and intelligent light control systems are more appropriate for long term application. This study demonstrates that intelligent and integrated energy saving technologies have significant potential in cold region facility agriculture, providing both data support and technical references for the efficient, low carbon development of agriculture in cold climates.
Integrating Field Data and Modeling for Sustainable Wastewater Irrigation Management: Case Studies from Jordan and Palestine
Authors: Aziz Rodolphe , Dragonetti Giovanna , Khadra Roula
Published: November 2024

Water shortages, overexploitation and sectoral conflicts have prompted the use of treated wastewater (TWW) in agriculture. While TWW provides essential nutrients, improper management can harm soil and crops. To address this, case studies from Jordan and Palestine—where alfalfa and citrus crops are exclusively irrigated with TWW—were conducted to identify suitable irrigation schedules and assess adverse impacts on crops and soils. The Safe Irrigation Management (SIM) model was used to simulate irrigation in 2021, considering TWW quality, quantity, and initial soil conditions. Two scenarios were examined: FARMOD, based on farmers’ planning, and ON-DEMAND, suggested by SIM. The results showed significant differences in irrigation frequencies and volumes between the two scenarios. The ON-DEMAND scenario demonstrated improved nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, lower soil electrical conductivity (ECe 1.5 dS·m⁻¹), and reduced E. coli levels (4 log₁₀ CFU·g⁻¹). A hypothetical scenario assuming initial soil conditions prior to TWW use yielded even lower ECe (0.8 dS·m⁻¹) and E. coli (3.3 log₁₀ CFU·g⁻¹). Sensitivity analysis identified ECe and nitrogen crucial water quality indicators requiring continuous monitoring. Integrating field data and modeling practices is vital to maintaining soil quality, supporting long-term TWW reuse especially where it is a widely adopted irrigation solution.
Hybrids of Harmine and Quinoline-Based Antimalarials Show a Strong Antiproliferative Effect on Glioblastoma Cells and reverse ABC Transporters-Mediated Drug Resistance
Authors: Mioč Marija , Pavić Kristina , Poje Goran , Rajić Zrinka , Kralj Marijeta
Published: November 2024

Glioblastomas are the most aggressive tumors of the nervous system, whose treatment success is associated with many problems, including resistance to therapy and the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The blood-brain barrier is equipped with ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters that play an important function by excreting toxic compounds. Two transporters in particular, ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) and ABCG2 (BCRP), play an important role both at the BBB and in the development of drug resistance, leading to low intracellular drug concentrations. We investigated the antiproliferative activity of fifteen hybrids comprising harmine and quino-line-based antimalarials with triazole- and ureido-type linkers on neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cell lines. We also investigated their inhibitory effect on the ABCB1 and ABCG2 transporters using cell-based functional assays. We demonstrated that all hybrids showed significantly stronger anti-proliferative effect on glioblastoma cells than the parent compounds and also than the reference drug temozolomide. In addition, a number of derivatives showed remarkable inhibitory effects on ABC transporters, with ureido-type derivatives, harmiprime PU-9 and harmiquine MU-9 exerting the most pronounced dual inhibitory effect on both transporters. These results indicate that hy-brids of harmine and quinoline scaffolds have potential for glioblastoma drug discovery and for the discovery of new dual (ABCB1/ABCG2) inhibitors.
Distinct Regional Pattern of Sedative Psychotropic Drug Use in South Tyrol: A Comparison with National Trends in Italy
Authors: Wiedermann Christian Josef , Sangermano Katja , Marino Pasqualina , Ausserhofer Dietmar , Engl Adolf , Piccoliori Giuliano
Published: November 2024

This study investigated regional variations in the use of sedative psychotropic medications, often prescribed for insomnia, by comparing Italy and the culturally distinct Autonomous Province of Bolzano, South Tyrol. Using daily defined dose (DDD) data per 1,000 inhabitants per day, benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, sedative antidepressants, and melatonin consumption from 2019 to 2023 were examined. The findings indicate significantly lower benzodiazepine use in South Tyrol compared to the national Italian average, with a trend toward increased sedative antidepressant use, especially mirtazapine, likely reflecting regional prescription preferences. Z-drug use was similar across both regions, whereas melatonin exhibited a gradual increase, albeit lower, in South Tyrol. Distinctive patterns in sedative psychotropic use in South Tyrol may be influenced by its unique cultural and linguistic composition, notably its significant German-speaking population. This demographic factor may contribute to different health behaviours and treatment preferences. Additionally, local healthcare policies and availability of non-pharmacological treatments may play a role in shaping prescription practices. This study underscores the importance of developing region-specific strategies to optimise insomnia management, considering cultural influences and the potential benefits of non-pharmacological interventions.
Bacterial Pigment Prodigiosin as Multifaceted Compound for Medical and Industrial Application
Authors: Guryanov Ivan , Naumenko Ekaterina
Published: November 2024

Prodigiosin is a fascinating compound that has been gaining attention in the scientific community for its diverse range of potential applications. From its vibrant red color to its unique chemical properties, prodigiosin has captured the interest of researchers looking for innovative solutions in various fields. Prodigiosin, a red pigment produced by certain bacteria such as Serratia marcescens, has attracted interest from pharmaceutical researchers due to its promising potential in various therapeutic applications. A number of studies have demonstrated the potential of prodigiosin as an antimicrobial agent. With the rise of antibiotic resistance in environment, prodigiosin is a promising solution to combat resistant strains and improve the effectiveness of existing antibiotic therapy. Research has shown that this natural pigment has anti-cancer properties by inhibiting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Prodigiosin exerts its anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells without causing significant damage to healthy cells. In this review, we will attempt to summarize the capabilities of prodigiosin and its prospects as a valuable tool in pharmaceutical research, and also review recent studies focusing on the various industries in which prodigiosin can be applied and the exciting possibilities it holds in the future.