bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTERNATIONAL HOTEL BUSINESS IN A CONDITION OF GLOBAL INSTABILITY
Authors: Novostavska Oksana
Published: May 2021

The article considers the international hotel business in the conditions of global instability. It is noted that the functioning of the hotel business and the economy as a whole directly depends on the state of tourism development in a country. An analysis of the TOP-20 countries whose economies depend on the development of tourism is presented. It is determined that the leading place in the world hotel industry is occupied by the European continent, the hotel fund makes more than 55% of all world hotel fund (171 thousand hotels). The hotel fund in European countries, without losing leadership throughout history, is growing annually by an average of 2-2.5%. Thus, the European market is of strategic importance for both leading international and national hotel companies. For example, their activities in the region form the main trends in the hotel services market. The hotel chains of Europe are also presented according to the list of TOP-100 hotel brands of Europe. It is noted that if you combine the mega brand Ibis hotel brands – Ibis, Ibis Styles and Ibis Budget, they will take first place even in the number of chain hotels in Europe. Based on the analysis, a number of key factors have been identified that force hotel facilities to constantly increase the efficiency of their activities. However, world practice shows that even against the background of global instability, the hotel industry remains a reliable source of revenue for the budgets of countries, including Ukraine. Also identified global trends in the development of the hotel business, the main of which are: the development of the hotel business in the context of close cooperation with enterprises in other industries; intensification of the hotel business, which will increase the availability of hotel services for consumers; strengthening the specialization of the hotel business, which allows a clearer focus on certain segments of consumers, taking into account various characteristics; integration and globalization of the hotel industry; individual approach to customer service needs; wide introduction of new forms of information and communication technologies, which allows mobile integration into the world space.
DETERMINANTS OF VUCA-WORLD IN THE FORMATION OF STABILITY AND RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY CHAINS UNDER COVID-19
Authors: Lutsenko Iryna
Published: May 2021

The article examines uncertainty as an integral part of the existence of supply chain in the VUCA-world, describes the uncertainties that affect supply chain. It is determined that for effective management it is important to distinguish between types of uncertainty: ignorance, uncertainty and risk, their essence and features of manifestation are considered. In the case of pandemic challenges, the levels of threats and risks become more complicated and increase, which makes the process of making adequate management decisions difficult, can lead to negative consequences of the functioning of supply chain. Uncertainty factors that need to be constantly taken into account in ensuring the viability and efficiency of supply chain are analyzed. In addition, the factors that can significantly affect the number of "failures" in the system - force majeure, natural disasters, political, financial crises, terrorism, piracy, various emergencies. It is established that the effectiveness of management decisions to increase the stability of supply chain will depend on activities to minimize the impact of subjectivity and objectivity of uncertainty of both internal and external environment, types of uncertainty and system elements that will shape the reliability and stability of supply chains. Under such conditions, managers will be able to make decisions that will maintain the required level of flexibility and adaptability of the system. In order to find ways to increase the level of reliability and stability of supply chains in difficult pandemic conditions, elements of stability are established, it is proposed to consider the reliability of supply chain through the probability of "failure" of the system within different components of supply chain infrastructure and flow processes. To meet the requirements of VUCA-world supply chain needs to use innovative approaches, diversity, build transparent information flows through trust throughout the supply chain, build an effective corporate culture that will include emotional resilience to constant challenges, social responsibility, continuous training and retraining, courage in making non-standard decisions.
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF EU COUNTRIES IN THE CONTEXT OF TOURISM PROMOTION POLICY IN UKRAINE
Authors: Pochernina Nataliya
Published: May 2021

The pandemic has become a major challenge for the economies of all countries. Travel and tourism are one of the areas most affected. Restrictions on travel both within and outside the country have led to a sharp decline in tourist flows. The challenge of maintaining a business has become paramount for businesses in the hospitality industry. At the same time, the goal of reviving the sphere of tourism has become very important for the economic policy of the state both at the regional and national levels. This is due to the fact that the field of travel and tourism has a significant multiplier effect on the development of other sectors of the economy, plays an important role in achieving the goals of sustainable development and promotes interculturalism. One of the tasks of the anti-crisis policy for the tourism sector is to consolidate the efforts of business, the state and society to preserve the existing potential. In the field of international tourism, this task concerns the restoration of tourist flows and the preservation of competitive advantages that were gained before the pandemic. Therefore, quantifying the identified competitive advantages in the long run is relevant. The article provides a comparative analysis of the competitive advantages of the European Union in the export of tourist services to Ukraine. The object of research is the field of outbound organized tourism. The analysis was performed for the period 2006-2019. The theory of competitive advantages in foreign trade is the methodological basis of the study. The index of identified competitive advantages of Hillman's exports is the main tool of the methodology. The division of EU countries into groups was based on the results obtained. Priority areas of the policy of stimulating entrepreneurship in the field of tourism in Ukraine have been identified for each group of EU countries. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of their use in the process of developing anti-crisis programs to overcome the effects of the pandemic in tourism, as well as in the strategic planning of the travel and tourism sector at the level of Ukraine and the country as a whole.
Goldilocks in Cardiac Arrest: A Scoping Review of Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring in the Pre-Hospital Setting for Getting Adrenaline Dosing Just Right
Authors: Wijland Youri
Published: May 2021

Introduction

A one-size-fits-all approach to adrenaline dosing is likely to be sub-optimal for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest given the diverse nature of patient age, bodyweight, frailty and intra-arrest coronary perfusion pressure. An individualised adrenaline dosing approach to cardiac arrest using invasive blood pressure monitoring has been shown to increase rates of return of spontaneous circulation in the hospital setting, but evidence for this approach has not yet been reviewed in the pre-hospital setting.

Methods

A scoping review was undertaken using Science Direct, ProQuest, PubMed, CINAHL Complete and GALE Health and Wellness databases with the search terms ‘arterial line’, ‘pre-hospital’, ‘cardiac arrest’ and similar derivatives. Subject matter experts and authors of articles meeting inclusion criteria were also consulted to help identify further relevant studies. Articles were included if they pertained to the use of arterial lines in cardiac arrest in the pre-hospital field, and excluded if they related to traumatic cardiac arrest, in a language other than English, Dutch or French, or not retrievable as a full text.

Results

A total of 1408 articles were identified using the search method, of which three remained after de-duplication, use of inclusion and exclusion criteria, and full text appraisal. The current pre-hospital literature is lacking and avenues for further research to improve the evidence for hemodynamic guided resuscitation were identified.

Conclusion

Paramedic-initiated invasive arterial monitoring presents a new, but as yet unproven, intervention for improving cardiac arrest outcomes.
Czech borrowings in the Old Belarusian and Old Ukrainian written languages
Authors:   National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, The Yakub Kolas Institute of Language, Aleksiayevych H. V.
Published: May 2021

The article assesses the role of the Old Belarusian and the Old Ukrainian languages in the development of Czech-Eastern Slavonic linguistic relations in the 14th–18th centuries. There were both direct and indirect ways of Czech language influence on the Old Belarusian and the Old Ukrainian written languages. The 15th century saw favourable conditions for military-political alliance between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Bohemia. The emergence and development of these relations was accompanied by diplomatic activity: for instance, Grand Dukes Vitovt and Svidryhailo had correspondence in Latin and Old Czech with the Czech Hussites. Contacts in the military-political, socio-religious and cultural-educational spheres contributed to the development of Czech-East Slavic language ties. Translations of the Czech written texts into Old Belarusian and Old Ukrainian («The Life of Alexei the Man of God», «The Story of Apollo of Tyre», «Lucidarius», «The Song of Songs», «The Tale of Toadal», «The Tale of the Prophetess Sibylline», «The Trojan Story»), use of the Czech legal texts in writing Galicia-Volyn letters in the 14th and early 15th centuries. The use of Czech legal texts in Galicia-Volyn monuments (Norman Statute of 1438–1439, Statutes of 1529, 1566, 1588, Lithuanian Metric Acts) contributed to the direct penetration of Bohemianisms into the Old Belarusian and Old Ukrainian writing. Although there were channels through which Czech linguistic elements could be directly borrowed into Old-Belarusian and Old-Ukrainian, the main channel for their penetration was Polish. Through the Polish mediation Bohemian loanwords were borrowed from various lexical-semantic groups, mainly from religious, military, socio-political and economic, everyday life vocabulary. The similar conditions of borrowing of Bohemianisms in Old Belarusian and Old Ukrainian are obviously the main reason why Bohemianisms in both languages are close in number and chronology of written fixation. This similarity is especially noticeable against the background of Old Russian data, where bohemisms were recorded later and in smaller numbers
An Investigation into the Estimation of a Positive Case of COVID-19: A Comparative Study between Two Phases of the Pandemic
Authors: Yamaoka Yasuyuki , Hiroko Oe
Published: May 2021

In Japan, the policy for polymerase chain reaction (hereafter PCR) testing changed significantly after 7 May 2020; from 4 February to 6 May, PCR testing was limited to certain patients with severe symptoms. After 7 May, the PCR test was made available to a broader range of patients due to health insurance coverage. The study aims to test whether there is a significant relationship between the conditions under which PCR tests are performed, the number of tests after 7 May, and the positive results. Using a multiple regression model, we obtained the unexpected result even if we assume that PCR testing had been carried out during 4 February to 6 May at the same level as after 7 May. The number of positive cases would have been even lower than the actual number, which we have attained. This suggests that even if PCR testing had been plentiful throughout the entire period, the number of positives that would have been captured would not necessarily have been more significant than the actual number. This estimation might suggest that the infectivity of COVID-19 varied over time. It may suggest that, over time, the infectiousness and spreading power of COVID may be transformed. Therefore, further research investigating the epidemic impact of COVID is required, which is critical for humankind.
Frequent Itemset Mining Based on Development of FP-growth Algorithm and Use MapReduce Technique
Authors: Mahrousa Zakria , Alchawafa Dima Mufti , Kazzaz Hasan
Published: May 2021

The Finding of frequent itemset in big data is an important task in data mining and knowledgediscovery. The exponential daily growth of data, called “Big Data”, mining frequent patterns from the hugevolumes of data has many challenges due to memory requirement, multiple data dimensions, heterogeneityof data and so on. The complexities related to mining frequent item-sets from a Big Data can be minimizedby using Modified FP-growth algorithm and parallelizing the mining task with Map Reduce framework inHadoop. In this paper, a modified FP-growth based on directed graph with Hadoop framework will reducethe execution time for the massive database and works efficiently on number of nodes (computers). Thealgorithm was tested, our experimental results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm could scale welland efficiently process large datasets. In addition, it achieves improvement in memory consumption to storefrequent patterns and time complexity.
Studying the physical and mechanical properties of Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber / carbon / clinke
Authors: Alhaidar Ali , Ali Ali , Shash Mayssa
Published: May 2021

This research studies the effect of adding the clinker as a filling material on the properties of Acrylonitrilebutadiene rubber NBR ،by means of preparing rubber blends containing different percentage (0,5,10,15,20 Phr) of theclinker (Semi made-cement) ،on two roll mill. Physio -mechanical and chemical properties of the prepared blends weredescribed by testing them for tensile strength and abrasion resistance, values of hardness and swelling in differentsolvents. Results revealed a decrease in the tension resistance for rubber blends c/k at the percentage of 45% withincrease of the percentage of the clinker added with the above mentioned rubber blends ,Also ,values of hardnessdecreased direct proportional at a percentage of 19% with increasing the clinker ,percentage whereas, the frictionresistance decreased at a percentage of 254% with increasing the clinker percentage ,but according to elongation ,theresults were quite different from the previous results so that its percentage increased when cutting gradually with thevalue of 266%when percentage of added clinker increased. Results of the study also, revealed that swelling of thesamples containing only the black carbon (C45K0) was low comparing with the samples containing the clinker.
Self-Healing sebagai Metode Pengendalian Emosi
Authors: Bachtiar M. Anis , Faletehan Aun Falestien
Published: May 2021

The problems of stress and failure in emotion management among teenagers have always been a major concern among scholars and practitioners. Recent literature has been trying to find the best formula to help teenagers to control their emotions. This study aims to examine the influence of self-healing on teenagers' emotion management. Based on an experimental-quantitative approach including both pre-test and post-test designs, this study details how structured training and practice of self-healing may help individuals in managing their emotions. By taking a research setting in one of the theoretically selected educational institutions, this study periodically tested and observed 40 students as training participants. As a result, apart from demonstrating the uniqueness osf self-healing training which involves spiritual development processes (e.g., pembaiatan, religious learning) and physical exercise (e.g., pencak silat, relaxed breathing training), the findings also show that self-healing has a positive impact on students' ability to control their emotion.
The Development of School Readiness of Kindergarten Students Through Storytelling
Authors: Mufrihah Arina , Nisa' Luthfatun
Published: May 2021

Complete–playtime is an early concept of kindergarten idea. However, recently, children no longer obtain many opportunities to explore themselves through contextual learning activities such as playing drama or listening to tale. Children are focused on academic-centered activities, so they experience learning boredom at an early age. Moreover, students have not owned a school readiness when entering elementary school.  This research helps kindergarten students have school readiness like academic skill, emotional-social skill, and morality through storytelling classically. This experimental study used True-Experimental Postest-Only Design. The two kindergartens were selected through cluster sampling from 100 target populations—the data was collected using the Bender Gestalt Test and observation. The series of storytelling activities as a treatment given towards students proved that the experimental group had school readiness earlier than the controlled group. The experimental group possessed more school readiness than the control group, with the difference was 37% age equivalent to eight years old and 29.6% equal to 7 years old. Other purposes accomplished were developing school readiness skills in vocabulary building, active question-answering, positive attitude towards peers, concern towards social environment, and literacy development.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics Study of 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl]-6-methyluracil Substance and its Solid Dispersion Systems on Rabbits
Authors: Kosman V. M. , Demchenko D. V. , Jain (Korsakova) E. A. , Makarov V. G. , Balabanyan V. Yu.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The study of pharmacokinetics of medicinal substances and evaluation of their pharmacokinetic parameters is a necessary stage of pharmaceutical development of original medicinal agents, allowing to choose the composition and dosage form of the preparation. This is due to obtaining characteristics of all processes that occur in the body of an animal (human), from the absorption of a drug from the place of administration to its excretion from the body.Aim. To conduct a study of the pharmacokinetics of the pharmaceutical substance and the complex compounds based on it to confirm the pharmaceutical development of a drug of 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl]-6-methyluracil and to justify the optimal composition of the ready dosage form (GLP).Materials and methods. The study was carried out on male rabbits with a single oral administration of investigated objects in one dose. Plasma concentrations of 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl]-6-methyluracil were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by extramodel method of statistical moments.Results and discussion. Assay 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl]-6-methyluracil quantification in rabbit blood plasma by HPLC has been developed and validated in the concentration range 10–720 ng/ml in accordance with modern requirements and satisfies them for all indicators. Assay was applicated to analysis of plasma samples obtained from laboratory animals after a single oral administration of a substance and solid dispersion systems of 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl]-6-methyluracil in one dose. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the studied objects were calculated after obtained plasma concentrations of 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl]-6-methyluracil. It was found that the solid dispersion system with Kollidon 17PF has the greatest relative bioavailability from the examined objects; its relative bioavailability to the substance by oral administration was 583 %.Conclusion. The solid dispersion system method increased the bioavailability of 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl]-6-methyluracil. Obtained results confirmed correctness of solid dispersion system selection drug e composition and technology development.
Documentation of Pharmaceutical Development. Part 2. Quality System Documents
Authors: Smekhova I. E. , Shigarova L. V. , Narkevich I. A. , Flisyuk E. V. , Meteleva V. D.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. In the process of pharmaceutical development of a medicinal product, it is necessary to substantiate the composition of the medicinal product; develop a technology for a finished dosage form (including a primary packaging system); create documentation for various stages of product development; validate analytical methods and technological processes. Information obtained in the course of experimental research and development of a medicinal product is included in the registration dossier. Documenting a pharmaceutical development allows you to systematize knowledge about monitoring technological processes, product quality indicators, and present the integrity of the data obtained.Aim. Creation of documentation for pharmaceutical development within the pharmaceutical quality system of the enterprise.Materials and methods. In the course of the research, the following methods were used: content analysis; system analysis; systems approach.Results and discussion. On the pharmaceutical development of two-component suppositories within the FGC, based on the knowledge gained about the process and the product and taking into account the risk analysis, we have created documents that were adapted to the enterprise's document flow to optimize the documentation process at the subsequent stages of the drug's life cycle. For optimal documentation of the first stage of drug development, a list of documents is proposed, including: Report on the pharmaceutical development of two-component suppositories; specifications for raw materials and materials, intermediate products, finished products; standard operating procedures during the pharmaceutical development phase; Guidelines for monitoring processes and product quality; Instructions for corrective and preventive actions (CAPA), change management, management review; report on the analysis of the effectiveness of the quality assurance system in the pharmaceutical development of two-component suppositories. The proposed set of documents makes it possible to form a single base of knowledge and results obtained at this stage, to systematize and structure them.Conclusion. In the course of the pharmaceutical development of two-component suppositories, knowledge has been generated about the process of creating a product of proper quality. A set of documents has been developed, consisting of reports, specifications, standard operating procedures, instructions, for an enterprise planning to produce two-component suppositories. Pharmaceutical development documentation is adapted to the enterprise document flow to optimize the documenting process at the subsequent stages of the drug product life cycle.
A fish’s-eye-view: accessible tools to document shellfish farms as marine habitat in New Jersey, USA
Authors: Shinn JP , Munroe DM , Rose JM
Published: May 2021

Shellfish growers routinely observe fish and invertebrates interacting with their aquaculture gear. To quantitatively assess these interactions, underwater action cameras (GoPro®) were used to document fish and invertebrate activity in and around floating oyster bags, cages, and a natural marsh habitat on an oyster farm in the Little Egg Harbor region of Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, USA, in 2018. A free and open-source event-logging software was used to analyze video files. A total of 21 species from 4 phyla were identified across all days and sites. Nekton were quantified from continuously recorded video using the MaxN abundance metric, defined as the maximum number of individuals of a given species present within each 1 min segment of video. Species of both ecological and economic importance in the local ecosystem used the 3 intertidal habitats. Abundance and community composition observed around oyster cages differed from that around floating oyster bags and marsh edge; the latter 2 habitats were not significantly different. Juvenile fish were frequently observed, suggesting that the oyster farm may provide similar natural history functions as other natural marsh habitat.
Exploring video and eDNA metabarcoding methods to assess oyster aquaculture cages as fish habitat
Authors: Mercaldo-Allen R , Clark P , Liu Y , Phillips G , Redman D , Auster PJ , Estela E , Milke L , Verkade A , Rose JM
Published: May 2021

Multi-tiered oyster aquaculture cages may provide habitat for fish assemblages similar to natural structured seafloor. Methods were developed to assess fish assemblages associated with aquaculture gear and boulder habitat using underwater video census combined with environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. Action cameras were mounted on 3 aquaculture cages at a commercial eastern oysterCrassostrea virginicafarm (‘cage’) and among 3 boulders on a natural rock reef (‘boulder’) from June to August 2017 in Long Island Sound, USA. Interval and continuous video recording strategies were tested. During interval recording, cameras collected 8 min video segments hourly from 07:00 to 19:00 h on cages only. Continuous video was also collected for 2-3 h on oyster cages and boulders. Data loggers recorded light intensity and current speed. Seawater was collected for eDNA metabarcoding on the reef and farm. MaxN measurements of fish abundance were calculated in video, and 7 fish species were observed. Black sea bassCentropristis striata, cunnerTautogolabrus adspersus, scupStenotomus chrysops, and tautogTautoga onitiswere the most abundant species observed in both oyster cage and boulder videos. In continuous video, black sea bass, scup, and tautog were observed more frequently and at higher abundance on the cage farm, while cunner were observed more frequently and at higher abundance on boulders within the rock reef. eDNA metabarcoding detected 42 fish species at the farm and reef. Six species were detected using both methods. Applied in tandem, video recording and eDNA provided a comprehensive approach for describing fish assemblages in difficult to sample structured oyster aquaculture and boulder habitats.
Invasive Amirthalingamia macracantha (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) larvae infecting tilapia hybrids in Israel: a potential threat for aquaculture
Authors: Scholz T , Davidovich N , Aflalo O , Hadar S , Mazuz ML , Yasur-Landau D
Published: May 2021

Larvae (metacestodes) of gryporhynchid tapeworms (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) are reported for the first time from the liver of tilapia hybrids (Oreochromis aureus × O. niloticus) reared in earth ponds in northeastern Israel (along the Jordan River). This is the first record of Amirthalingamia macracantha (Joyeux & Baer, 1935), a parasite of cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae), outside Africa and outside the tropics. Larvae found in the liver of tilapias (Cichlidae) were identified to species level because they possessed 20 massive rostellar hooks of 3 types, with the 4 largest hooks measuring almost 500 µm. Molecular data confirmed species identification. The possible route of introduction to Israel of this African parasite, which is large (length up to 2 cm) and potentially pathogenic for cultivated tilapias, is discussed.
Phylogeography of betanodavirus genotypes circulating in Tunisian aquaculture sites, 2012-2019
Authors: Chérif N , El Jeni R , Amdouni F , Zreilli S , Djabou H , Khemiri S , Tliba I , Bouhaouala-Zahar B , Maatoug K , Zaafran S , Groman D
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the phylogenetic relationships among the primary betanodavirus strains circulating in Tunisian coastal waters. A survey was conducted to investigate nodavirus infections at 15 European sea bassDicentrarchus labraxand gilthead sea breamSparus auratafarming sites located along the northern and eastern coasts of Tunisia. The primary objective of the study was to create epidemiological awareness of these infections by determining phylogenetic relationships between the main betanodavirus strains circulating during the period 2012-2019, using RNA1 and/or RNA2 genome segments. Approximately 40% (118 of 294) tissue pools tested were positive for betanodavirus. Positive pools were distributed across all of the sampling sites. While fish mortalities were always correlated with the presence of virus in sea bass, a severe outbreak was also identified in sea bream larvae in 2019. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that almost all Tunisian strains from both sea bass and sea bream irrespective of outbreaks clustered within the RGNNV genotype. It is noteworthy that samples collected during the 2019 outbreak from sea bream contained both RNA1 and RNA2 fragments belonging to the RGNNV and SJNNV genotype, respectively, an indication of viral genome reassortment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of reassortant betanodavirus in Tunisia.
Age-specific survival and reproductive rates of Mediterranean monk seals at the Cabo Blanco Peninsula, West Africa
Authors: Fernández de Larrinoa P , Baker JD , Cedenilla MA , Harting AL , Haye MO , Muñoz M , M’Bareck H , M’Bareck A , Aparicio F , Centenera S , González LM
Published: May 2021

We provide the first complete set of survival rate estimates for the Endangered Mediterranean monk sealMonachus monachusfrom birth into adulthood, as well as the first age-specific reproductive rates for the species. From 2002 to 2016, we obtained individual seal live encounter data through non-invasive monitoring techniques that were analyzed to estimate vital rates of Mediterranean monk seals of the Cabo Blanco (Western Sahara/Mauritania) population. From birth to age 2 mo, when pups molt, survival averaged 0.59, ranging from 0.41 to 0.74 among cohorts. From birth to 1 yr and from 1 to 2 yr, median estimated survival rates were 0.46 and 0.75, respectively. Beyond 2 yr, survival estimates differed by sex: 0.94 for males and 0.97 for females. From 2005 to 2016, we estimated a mean gross reproductive rate of 0.71. The youngest parturient females were 3 yr old. Fitted age-specific reproductive rates increased beginning at age 3 yr and exceeded 0.80 from age 6 to 17 yr. Despite low survival during the first 2 mo of life, the aggregate vital rates of the population are favorable for growth; a Leslie matrix containing our survival and fecundity estimates yielded an intrinsic growth rate of 1.058. Increasing abundance and favorable vital rates are a testament to the efficacy of the many measures taken to promote the conservation of this population.
Goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara oral history, use, and conservation status in the Mexican Caribbean and Campeche Bank
Authors: Bravo-Calderon A , Saenz-Arroyo A , Fulton S , Espinoza-Tenorio A , Sosa-Cordero E
Published: May 2021

The Atlantic goliath grouperEpinephelus itajarais highly vulnerable to overfishing, yet little is known of its population status in Campeche Bank (southern Gulf of Mexico) and the Mexican Caribbean. By reviewing landings records, historical literature, and the local ecological knowledge of fishers, we documented historical practices, uses, and changes in the abundance and distribution of the goliath grouper in these regions. In both the Mexican Caribbean and Campeche Bank, goliath grouper populations were notably impacted by commercial fishing activities in the 1970s and 1980s. The catches during this period could only be sustained for a few years, after which the fishery collapsed. Our results from Campeche Bank indicate that populations persist in an area currently occupied by oil platforms. In the Mexican Caribbean, the extirpation of the goliath grouper may be close at hand, with local exceptions like that of Chetumal Bay. The results of our study indicate that the local goliath grouper populations are in critical danger of extinction, which must be taken into account during the next IUCN Red List regional assessment. In addition, the goliath grouper should be included in the Mexican list for endangered species (NOM-059-SEMARNAT).
STRATEGI PEMERINTAH DESA TERKAIT REALISASI NEGLAWANGI SEBAGAI DESA WISATA DI DESA NEGLAWANGI KECAMATAN KERTASARI KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Adiwilaga Rendy , Rusdia Ujud
Published: May 2021

Desa Neglawangi terbilang menjadi sebuah lokus yang menarik untuk dikaji, mengingat desa tersebut 70% wilayahnya merupakan perkebunan teh yang dikelola langsung oleh PTPN, serta hutan lindung yang dikelola oleh Perhutani. Selebihnya hanya 30% wilayahnya yang digunakan sebagai pemukiman warga setempat. Selain itu, Desa Neglawangi sejatinya tidak memiliki aset bersifat strategis seperti halnya pasar desa dan lain sebagainya, namun yang menarik, Desa Neglawangi memiliki master plan dalam mewujudkan desa wisata dengan target capaian 2021 (diundur menjadi 2025 karena kendala pandemi covid-19) dengan memanfaatkan titik-titik wisata yang mampu dieksploitasi menjadi komoditas kearifan lokal yang mampu berpotensi mengundang wisatawan. Penelitian ini dikaji dengan menggunakan teori strategi Bintoro Tjokroamidjojo, dengan pembedahan masalah melalui metode kualitatif deskriptif yang dikombinasikan dengan analisis SWOT sebagai upaya social mapping yang ditempuh melalui observasi panjang selama 2 bulan, yang dikombinasikan dengan indikator-indikator Pengembangan Destinasi Pariwisata yang mengacu pada Pedoman Pengembangan Destinasi Wisata Perdesaan, yang dirumuskan oleh Kementerian Pariwisata. Poin indikator tersebut yakni identitas, perwilayahan, daya tarik wisata, kegiatan, aksesibilitas, amenitas, masyarakat/penduduk, investasi, usaha pariwisata, kelembagaan, dan terakhir pemasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Desa Neglawangi memiliki potensi besar seperti ragam titik wisata alam, wisata historis, dan wisata budaya. Namun rencana pengembangan lokasi wisata berbenturan dengan pihak-pihak lain seperti BKSDA dan Lembaga pecinta alam lainnya karena beberapa destinasi wisata merupakan cagar alam. Operasionalisasi pun masih terkendala oleh pergantian tampuk kekuasaan di ranah Provinsi dan Kabupaten yang berimplikasi pada alokasi anggaran pembangunan dari luar. Karena jika mengandalkan Dana Desa, Desa Wisata sulit terwujud karena memerlukan logistik yang besar.
Estimating RANS model uncertainty using machine learning
Authors: Heyse Jan , Mishra Aashwin , Iaccarino Gianluca
Published: May 2021

In this work we present a machine-learning strategy developed to estimate the uncertainty introduced by a turbulence model for the prediction of a turbulent separated flows. The approach is based on the introduction of eigenvalue perturbations of the Reynolds stress anisotropy; the amount of perturbation is predicted by a random forest algorithm trained on high-fidelity simulations of the flow over a wavy wall. The proposed method is applied to the flow in an asymmetric diffuser and demonstrates how the approach correctly identifies the regions in which modeling errors occur and accurately quantifies the amount of errors when compared to experimental observations.
Making use of our data
Authors: Pullan Graham
Published: May 2021

Engineers are acquiring data at an ever-increasing rate: data from computational design studies; measurements data from manufacturing processes, development tests, and products in service; contemporary data and legacy data. In this paper, two recommendations are made to allow engineers to make better use of these expanding databases. First, we should build on the hierarchical nature of our data; we can navigate and filter the database using high level descriptors such as design specifications and performance metrics, and then request comparative plots of detailed data such as line, contour and surface plots. Second, we can speed up the rate at which we learn from data by making the visualisations dynamic; in so doing, we enable virtual experiments to be performed that highlight connections between input parameters, output metrics and physical mechanisms. The embodiment of these two principles in the open source project, dbslice, is described. Three example applications (an aerodynamic design study for a compressor stator; the application of machine learning to aid navigation of large databases; and visualisation of a database of snapshots from an unsteady simulation) are presented. In each case, the hierarchical data and dynamic visualisations allow the user to explore the database and experience the connections and patterns within it. By Making Use of Our Data to interactively navigate existing and new design spaces in this way, engineers can accelerate their response to the challenges of future products.
Towards digital design of gas turbines
Authors: Montomoli Francesco , Antorkas Stelios , Pietropaoli Marco , Gaymann Audrey , Hammond James , Frey Marioni Yuri , Isaksson Niklas , Massini Michela , Vazquez-Diaz Raul , Adami Paolo
Published: May 2021

This paper shows the current research to move towards the full digital design of a gas turbine. In the last years new manufacturing technologies, such as additive manufacturing, become more common for gas turbine applications, allowing greater flexibility in the design space. There is a need to fully exploit this flexibility and to design and validate in a digital environment new solutions. This work shows how optimization methods, mainly based on topology optimization strategies, requires more accurate estimator for critical applications, such as high temperature components of high pressure stages. For this reason a comparison of recent Gene Expression Programming and Neural Networks in topology optimization are shown. In particular it is shown how a RANS estimator in fluid topology optimization is capable of obtaining predictions compatible to high fidelity DES.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat dalam Menghadapi Bencana Banjir Di Kelurahan Kebon Pala Jakarta Timur
Authors: Nastiti RevyPutri , Pulungan Rafiah Maharani , Iswanto Acim Heri
Published: May 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat menghadapi bencana banjir di Kelurahan Kebon Pala Jakarta Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional study, teknik pengambilan data secara purposive sampling dengan besar sampel 84 responden. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 66,7% masyarakat tidak siap menghadapi bencana banjir di wilayah Kelurahan Kebon Pala Jakarta Timur tahun 2020. Berdasarkan analisis statistik chi square, terdapat faktor yang berhubungan terhadap kesiapsiagaan masyarakat menghadapi bencana banjir, yaitu variabel persepsi terhadap risiko bencana banjir dengan p value 0,021; variabel jenis kelamin dengan p value 0,002, dan variabel pendidikan dengan p value 0,001. Peneliti menyarankan agar masyarakat menerapkan perilaku kesiapsiagaan menghadapi bencana banjir sesuai dengan anjuran BNPB
Simple but Complex—A Laying Hen Study as Proof of Concept of a Novel Method for Cognitive Enrichment and Research
Authors: Schmelz Martin , Krause E. Tobias
Published: May 2021

Enrichment can reduce stress and stereotypic behavior and therefore enhance captive animal welfare. In cognitive enrichment, cognitive tasks engage and challenge the animals' natural behavioral repertoire and provide mental stimulation. Enrichment with similarities to “puzzle boxes” in cognitive research is widespread in zoos but rarely applied in commercial farming, as it requires costly time and effort. Here, we introduce a flexible method for cognitive enrichment and research. The test battery apparatus (TBA) is a configurable cubic box with frames for interchangeable test panels, each holding a problem-solving task that must be solved for a food reward. As a proof of concept, we report observations and first results from two groups of laying hens (Gallus gallusforma domestica; 52 birds in total) to show the TBA's feasibility in commercial farming and to investigate the animals' spontaneous interaction with four test panels. While we could not reliably identify individuals, we found the majority of the hens highly motivated to engage with the device. At least five individuals in each group were successful and there was a significant gradient of success rates across the four panels. As the implementation and maintenance required little time and effort, the TBA is promising as a cognitive enrichment device in farm settings. Its potentially limitless configurations allow diverse opportunities for cognitive and behavioral engagement in the long term. While further studies will be crucial to validate welfare effects and problem-solving tasks, the TBA is simple in its application but complex in its possibilities.
Plant Genetics as a Tool for Manipulating Crop Microbiomes: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Clouse Kayla M. , Wagner Maggie R.
Published: May 2021

Growing human population size and the ongoing climate crisis create an urgent need for new tools for sustainable agriculture. Because microbiomes have profound effects on host health, interest in methods of manipulating agricultural microbiomes is growing rapidly. Currently, the most common method of microbiome manipulation is inoculation of beneficial organisms or engineered communities; however, these methods have been met with limited success due to the difficulty of establishment in complex farm environments. Here we propose genetic manipulation of the host plant as another avenue through which microbiomes could be manipulated. We discuss how domestication and modern breeding have shaped crop microbiomes, as well as the potential for improving plant-microbiome interactions through conventional breeding or genetic engineering. We summarize the current state of knowledge on host genetic control of plant microbiomes, as well as the key challenges that remain.
Speed-Related Energy Flow and Joint Function Change During Human Walking
Authors: Hu Zheqi , Ren Lei , Hu Dan , Gao Yilei , Wei Guowu , Qian Zhihui , Wang Kunyang
Published: May 2021

During human walking, mechanical energy transfers between segments via joints. Joint mechanics of the human body are coordinated with each other to adapt to speed change. The aim of this study is to analyze the functional behaviors of major joints during walking, and how joints and segments alter walking speed during different periods (collision, rebound, preload, and push-off) of stance phase. In this study, gait experiment was performed with three different self-selected speeds. Mechanical works of joints and segments were determined with collected data. Joint function indices were calculated based on net joint work. The results show that the primary functional behaviors of joints would not change with altering walking speed, but the function indices might be changed slightly (e.g., strut functions decrease with increasing walking speed). Waist acts as strut during stance phase and contributes to keep stability during collision when walking faster. Knee of stance leg does not contribute to altering walking speed. Hip and ankle absorb more mechanical energy to buffer the strike during collision with increasing walking speed. What is more, hip and ankle generate more energy during push-off with greater motion to push distal segments forward with increasing walking speed. Ankle also produces more mechanical energy during push-off to compensate the increased heel-strike collision of contralateral leg during faster walking. Thus, human may utilize the cooperation of hip and ankle during collision and push-off to alter walking speed. These findings indicate that speed change in walking leads to fundamental changes to joint mechanics.
Association Analysis of Variants of DSCAM and BACE2 With Hirschsprung Disease Susceptibility in Han Chinese and Functional Evaluation in Zebrafish
Authors: Lu Yan-Jiao , Yu Wen-Wen , Cui Meng-Meng , Yu Xian-Xian , Song Huan-Lei , Bai Mei-Rong , Wu Wen-Jie , Gu Bei-Lin , Wang Jun , Cai Wei , Chu Xun
Published: May 2021

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) has a higher incidence in children with Down syndrome (DS), which makes trisomy 21 a predisposing factor to HSCR. DSCAM and BACE2 are close together on the HSCR-associated critical region of chromosome 21. Common variants of DSCAM and rare variants of BACE2 were implicated to be associated with sporadic HSCR. However, the submucosal neuron defect of DS mouse model could not be rescued by normalization of Dscam. We aimed to explore the contribution of DSCAM and BACE2 to the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and HSCR susceptibility. We genotyped 133 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DSCAM and BACE2 gene region in 420 HSCR patients and 1,665 controls of Han Chinese. Expression of DSCAM and BACE2 homologs was investigated in the developing gut of zebrafish. Overexpression and knockdown of the homologs were performed in zebrafish to investigate their roles in the development of ENS. Two DSCAM SNPs, rs430255 (PAddtive = 0.0052, OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.10–1.68) and rs2837756 (PAddtive = 0.0091, OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05–1.43), showed suggestive association with HSCR risk. Common variants in BACE2 were not associated with HSCR risk. We observed dscama, dscamb, and bace2 expression in the developing gut of zebrafish. Knockdown of dscama, dscamb, and bace2 caused a reduction of enteric neurons in the hindgut of zebrafish. Overexpression of DSCAM and bace2 had no effects on neuron number in the hindgut of zebrafish. Our results suggested that common variation of DSCAM contributed to HSCR risk in Han Chinese. The dysfunction of both dscams and bace2 caused defects in enteric neuron, indicating that DSCAM and BACE2 might play functional roles in the occurrence of HSCR. These novel findings might shed new light on the pathogenesis of HSCR.
The Biological Function, Mechanism, and Clinical Significance of m6A RNA Modifications in Head and Neck Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jing Feng-Yang , Zhou Li-Ming , Ning Yu-Jie , Wang Xiao-Juan , Zhu You-Ming
Published: May 2021

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying its onset and development have not yet been fully elucidated. Indeed, an in-depth understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms underlying HNSCC oncogenesis may aid the development of better treatment strategies. Recent epigenetic studies have revealed that the m6A RNA modification plays important roles in HNSCC. In this review, we summarize the role of m6A modification in various types of HNSCC, including thyroid, nasopharyngeal, hypopharyngeal squamous cell, and oral carcinoma. In addition, we discuss the regulatory roles of m6A in immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, as well as the potential molecular mechanisms. Finally, we review the development of potential targets for treating cancer based on the regulatory functions of m6A, with an aim to improving targeted therapies for HNSCC. Together, this review highlights the important roles that m6A modification plays in RNA synthesis, transport, and translation, and demonstrates that the regulation of m6A-related proteins can indirectly affect mRNA and ncRNA function, thus providing a novel strategy for reengineering intrinsic cell activity and developing simpler interventions to treat HNSCC.
Geopolymer Composite Coatings Based on Moroccan Clay and Sands for Restoration Application
Authors: El Khomsi Anass , Gharzouni Ameni , Farges Remi , Duport Patrice , Idrissi Kandri Nourredine , Zerouale A. , Rossignol Sylvie
Published: May 2021

This study aims to explore geopolymer binders and mortars based on local Moroccan clays and sands as coatings for the restoration of historical monuments in Morocco. For this, five substrates, one geopolymer binder, and two geopolymer mortars were investigated. The characterization of substrates reveals differences in terms of pH value, capillarity, contact angle, and surface roughness. These differences affect the coating thickness, which also depends on the viscosity, liquid to solid ratio, and granular skeleton of the geopolymer coating. High adhesive strength values (up to 9 MPa) were obtained on limestones. However, these values decreased with the increase of relative humidity. In the case of Fez stone, a stable adhesive strength value (3 MPa) was evidenced for all the coating formulations and at different storage conditions confirming the suitability of coating based on metakaolin, Moroccan clays, and sands for restoration applications.