bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Efficacy and Mechanisms of a Single Session Behavioral Medicine Class among Patients with Chronic Pain Taking Prescription Opioids: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ziadni Maisa , Chen Abby L. , Winslow Tyler , Mackey Sean C. , Darnall Beth D.
Published: April 2020

Background: Independent of pain intensity, pain-specific distress is highly predictive of pain treatment needs, including prescription opioids. Given the inherently distressing nature of chronic pain, there is a need to equip individuals with pain education and self-regulatory skills that are shown to improve adaptation and improve response to medical treatments. Brief, targeted behavioral medicine interventions may efficiently address the key individual factors, improve self-regulation in the context of pain, and reduce need for opioid therapy. This highlights the critical need for targeted, cost-effective interventions that efficiently address the key psychological factors that can amplify the need for opioids and increased risk for misuse. In this trial, the primary goal is to test the comparative efficacy of a single-session skills-based pain management class to a health education active control group among patients with chronic pain who are taking opioids. Methods: Our study is a randomized, double-blind clinical trial testing the superiority of our 2-hour single-session skills-based pain management class against a 2-hour health education class. We will enroll 136 adult patients with mixed etiology chronic pain who are taking opioid prescription medication and randomize 1:1 to one of the two treatment arms. We hypothesize superiority for the skills-based pain class for pain control, self-regulation of pain-specific distress, and reduced opioid use measured by daily morphine equivalent. Team researchers masked to treatment assignment will assess outcomes up to 12 months post-treatment. Discussion: This study aims to test the utility of a single-session, 2-hour skills-based pain management class to improve self-regulation of pain and reduce opioid use. Findings from our project have the potential to shift current research and clinical paradigms by testing a brief and scalable intervention that could reduce need for opioids and prevent misuse effectively, efficiently and economically. Further, elucidation of mechanisms of opioid use can facilitate refinement of more targeted future treatments.
Surgical outcomes of acute acquired comitant esotropia of adulthood
Authors: Kim Dae Hyun , Noh Ha Jeong
Published: April 2020

Background: To analyze the surgical outcomes for adult patients diagnosed with acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE).

Methods: Medical records of 21 patients who had undergone surgery for AACE were retrospectively analyzed. The main outcome measures were the final motor and sensory success rate after surgery and factors affecting motor and sensory outcomes. Motor success was considered alignment within 8 prism diopter (PD) at both near and distance and sensory success was stereoacuity ≥60 sec/arc.

Results: The preoperative mean esodeviation angles were 33.0 ± 11.6 PD at distance and 32.6 ± 10.8 PD at near. The mean period of postoperative follow up was 8.1 ± 4.5 months (range 3–8 months). The postoperative mean esodeviation angles at final follow-up time were 4.1 ± 5.7 PD at distance and 3.9 ± 5.6 PD at near. The surgical motor success rate at final follow-up was 76.2% (16/21). The sensory success rate at final follow-up was 55.5% (11/21). The factor affecting the motor outcome was the type of surgery ( p < 0.05). The factor affecting sensory outcome was postoperative follow-up time ( p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Surgery type appears to affect surgical motor outcomes in adults with AACE. Although the sensory outcome was favorable, it seems that regaining bifoveal fixation takes time.
Monocyte-derived Macrophages: the Supplements of Hepatic Macrophage in Echinococcus Multilocularis Infected Mice
Authors: Li Bin , Qi Xinwei , Liu Yumei , Yan Yi , Shan Jiaoyu , Cai Xuanlin , Lv Jie , Zhou Xuan , Luo Li , Ma Xiumin
Published: April 2020

Background Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a potentially lethal zoonosis caused by the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis. The aim of this study is to study the dynamic changes of monocytes, macrophages and related cytokines in animal models of persistent infection of Echinococcus multilocularis. To explore the possible connection between them and the persistent infection of Echinococcus multilocularis.Methods An infection model was established by intraperitoneal injection of a protoscolex suspension. The pathological changes of mice liver were observed by HE staining and the score scale of infection was established. The ratio of Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo Monocytes in peripheral blood of mice was detected by flow cytometry. The distribution and expression of CX3CL1, CX3CR1, iNOS, CD163 and CD11b in mouse liver were detected by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and Arg1 in mouse liver were detected by qRT-PCR. The expression levels of INF-γ, IL-17, IL-4 and IL-10 in peripheral blood of mice were detected by ELISA.Results The results of HE staining showed that in the later stages of infection, significant lesions appear in the liver.The results of the infection degree score scale show that with the extension of the infection time, the severity score value increases. The results of flow cytometry showed that the proportion of Ly6Chi monocytes in the peripheral blood of the experimental group mice was decreased after a brief rise, Ly6Clo monocytes decreased first and then increased.. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of CX3CL1, CX3CR1, CD11b , CD163 and iNOS in the mice liver of the experimental group was increased. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of TNF-α and Arg1 mRNA in the liver of the experimental group mice were increased. The results of ELISA showed that the expression level of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-4 and IL-10 increased with the duration of infection.Conclusions Monocytes as a supplement to hepatic macrophage, it and kupffer cells (KCs) participate in Th1 and Th2 immune responses of the body by differentiating into M1 or M2 at different stages of Echinococcus multilocularis infection.
GPR30 negatively regulates inflammation in gout by inhibiting IL-1β production
Authors: Qian Hongyan , Chen Rongjuan , Chen Shiju , He Yan , Liu Yuan , Shi Guixiu
Published: April 2020

Background: Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis induced by monosodium urate crystal (MSU) precipitation.The incidence of gout attack was significantly higher in men than women, indicating the important role of oestrogen system in pathogenesis of gout, but the specific mechanisms underlying remained to be explored. GPR30, the newly defined estrogen receptor, had been proved participated in regulating inflammation in some diseases. As different estrogen receptors paly different role in inflammation regulation, how GPR30 was involved in the inflammation induced by MSU in gout was still unknown. Methods: In this work, we investigated the function of GPR30 in inflammation induced by MSU in cultured macrophages and in mouse model by using G-1(the agonist of GPR30). We further tested the expression of the TLR and NOD like receptor protein3 (NLRP3), which are the key receptor involved in pathogenesis of gout. ROS and cleaved-caspase-1 expression were also detected to confirm the regulation role in NLRP3 pathway. Seahorse analysis was used to detect the metabolism profile in macrophages by G-1 to investigate the mechanism of GPR30 in inflammation. The relative expression of GPR30 were detected according to the inflammation state to confirm the role of GPR30 in gout. Results: Negative regulation role of G-1 in IL-1β expression and NLRP3 expression were found both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the negative regulation of ROS production and NLRP3 as well as cleaved-caspase-1 expression were also found in G-1 stimulated macrophages. Our data also showed that G-1 inhibited aerobic glycolysis in LPS activated macrophages, which might be responsible for IL-1β and NLRP3 expression. Higher expression levels of GPR30 were found in patients with remitted gout inflammation. Conclusion: Together, our data suggested that GPR30 was involved in the negative inflammation regulation induced by MSU and high expression of GPR30 might contribute to part of the mechanism of inflammation remission of gout.
Assessment of a dried blood spot C-reactive protein method to identify disease flares in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: D’Cruz Leon G , McEleney Kevin G , Cochrane Chris , Tan Boon C , Shukla Priyank , Gardiner Philip V , Small Dawn , Zhang Shu-Dong , Gibson David Samuel
Published: April 2020

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by painful, stiff and swollen joints. RA features sporadic ‘flares’ or inflammatory episodes – mostly occurring outside clinics - where symptoms worsen and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) becomes elevated. Poor control of inflammation results in higher rates of irreversible joint damage, increased disability, and poorer quality of life. Flares need to be accurately identified and managed. A method comparison study was designed to assess agreement between CRP values obtained by dried blood spot (DBS) versus conventional venepuncture sampling. The ability of a weekly DBS sampling and CRP test regime to detect flare outside the clinic was also assessed. Methods Matched venepuncture and finger lancet DBS samples were collected from n=100 RA patients with active disease at baseline and 6 weeks (NCT02809547). A subset of n=30 RA patients submitted weekly DBS samples over the study period. Patient demographics, including self-reported flares were recorded. DBS sample CRP measurements were made by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and venepuncture samples by a reference immunoturbometric assay. Data was compared between sample types by Bland-Altman and weighted Deming regression analyses. Flare detection sensitivity and specificity were compared between ‘minimal’ baseline and 6 week sample CRP data and the ‘continuous’ weekly CRP data. Results Baseline DBS ELISA assay CRP measures yielded a mean positive bias of 2.693 ± 8.640 (95% limits of agreement -14.24% to 19.63%), when compared to reference assay data. Deming regression revealed good agreement between the DBS ELISA method and reference assay data, with baseline data slope of 0.978 and intercept -0.153. The specificity of ‘continuous’ area under the curve (AUC) CRP data (72.7%) to identify flares, was greater than ‘minimal’ AUC CRP data (54.5%). Conclusions This study indicates reasonable agreement between DBS and the reference method, especially at low to mid-range CRP values. Importantly, longitudinal CRP measurement in RA patients helps to clearly identify flare and thus could assist in remote monitoring strategies and may facilitate timely therapeutic intervention.
Prevalence, characteristics and survival of pulmonary hypertension due to chronic heart failure: a national multicenter prospective registry study
Authors: Quan Ruilin , Huang Shian , Pang Lingpin , Shen Jieyan , Wu Weifeng , Tang Fangming , Zhu Xiulong , Su Weiqing , Sun Jingzhi , Yu Zaixin , Wang Lemin , Zhu Xianyang , Changming Xiong , He Jianguo
Published: April 2020

Background The prevalence, characteristics and survival of pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease (PH-LHD) in heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF, HFpEF) has yet to be explored. Methods Consecutive patients with chronic heart failure undergoing first right heart catheterization (RHC) were prospectively enrolled from October 2012 to August 2016 in 11 participating medical centers. Follow-up was performed every 6 months ± 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Results A total of 500 patients were enrolled. The prevalence of PH was 67.2% in HFrEF and 40.2% in HFpEF, respectively. Predictors of PH differed between PH etiologies, but left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) was a consistent both in HFrEF (P=0.031) and HFpEF (P=0.003). During a median follow-up time of 33.39 months, 69 patients (13.8%) met the primary endpoint. The survival of PH patients was significantly worse than that of patients without PH (P=0.001). Diastolic pressure gradient (DPG) was a significant prognostic variable both in HFrEF (HR=1.057, 95% CI=1.007-1.108, P=0.024) and HFpEF (HR=1.094, 95% CI=1.009-1.187, P=0.030). Patients with a DPG ≥ 7 mmHg had a worse survival compared to those whose DPG < 7 mmHg both in HFrEF (log rank test, P=0.047) and in HFpEF (P=0.016). Conclusion Though the prevalence, characteristics and prognosis of PH differ between HFrEF and HFpEF, PH-LHD is a common complication and has an adverse effect on the prognosis. Study registration NCT02164526.
Targeting the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: computational insights into the mechanism of action of the protease inhibitors Lopinavir, Ritonavir, and Nelfinavir
Authors: Bolcato Giovanni , Bissaro Maicol , Pavan Matteo , Sturlese Mattia , Moro Stefano
Published: April 2020

Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a recently discovered single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) betacoronavirus, responsible for a severe respiratory disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is rapidly spreading. Chinese health authorities, as a response to the lack of an effective therapeutic strategy, started to investigate the use of lopinavir and ritonavir, previously optimized for the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS viral infection. Despite the clinical use of these two drugs, no information regarding their possible mechanism of action at the molecular level is still known for SARS-CoV-2. Very recently, the crystallographic structure of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), also known as C30 Endopeptidase, was published. Starting from this essential structural information, in the present work we have exploited Supervised Molecular Dynamics (SuMD), an emerging computational technique that allows investigating at an atomic level the recognition process of a ligand from its unbound to the final bound state. In this research, we provided molecular insight on the whole interaction pathway of lopinavir, ritonavir, and nelfinavir, three potential C30 Endopeptidase inhibitors, with the last one taken into consideration due to the promising in-vitro activity shown against the structurally related SARS-CoV protease.
Heterogeneity and effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 prevention and control in major cities in China through time-varying reproduction numbers estimation
Authors: Cheng Qing , Liu Zeyi , Cheng Guangquan , Huang Jincai
Published: April 2020

From December 31, 2019, a large-scale 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) broke out in China. Tracking and analyzing the heterogeneity and effectiveness of cities’ prevention and control for COVID-19 epidemic is essential to design and adjust epidemic prevention and control. The number of newly infected cases in 25 China’s worst cities for COVID-19 epidemic from January 11 to February 10 was collected. The heterogeneity and effectiveness of these 25 cities’ prevention and control measures for COVID-19 were analyzed by using a estimate time-varying reproduction numbers method and a serial correlation method. The results shown that the effective reproduction number (R) in 25 cities showed a downward trend as a whole, but there was a significant difference in the R change trends among cities indicating that there was heterogeneity in the spread and control of COVID-19 in cities. Moreover, the COVID-19 control in 21 of 25 cities were effective and the risk of infection was decreasing due to their R had dropped below 1 on February 10, 2020 and the average decline of R in the past 5 days was greater than 0, while cities of Wuhan, Tianmen, Ezhou and Enshi were still difficult to effectively control the COVID-19 epidemic in a short period of time because their R was also greater than 1.
SOME UNPUBLISHED LANTERNS IN THE ISLAMIC ART MUSEUM IN CAIRO ‬"ANALYTICAL, HISTORICAL AND ARTISTIC STUDY"
Authors: Khalifa Ghadeer Dardier Afify
Published: April 2020

This paper aims to study some unpublished lanterns, preserved in the Islamic Art Museum in Cairo through analytical, historical and artistic study. In general, the lanterns are oil lamps and usually with a large round bulbous body, reaching to a narrower center, where above it is the flaming top section. These lanterns can be placed on a surface, however they were commonly suspended by chains and in these chains there were some loops on the outer surface of the body of lanterns that were used to light mosques or any other architectural buildings during Islamic times and in order to light large areas in groups of lanterns, hanging from a metal frame that had the form of a circle, these circular frames continued to be used in many mosques till nowadays. In researching for the collections and antiques, preserved in the Islamic Art Museum in Cairo, it is observed, that there are some unpublished lanterns, have not been discussed and have not been concentrated and strongly investigated by researchers. This study seeks to discuss these unpublished lanterns that include a significant layout of artistic styles, this is besides the historical and archaeological value of these lanterns. The methodology of this study will be addressed through descriptive, historical, artistic and analytical study; this will be revealed through discussion, investigation, analysis that can be detected through detailed interrogation of the objects, elements and structure of the content of this study.
EDUCATION OF THE VALUE ATTITUDE IN YOUNGER PUPILS IN THE PROJECT TECHNOLOGY “THE TREE OF LIFE - THE TREE OF GENUS”
Authors: Hrytsiv Tatiana , Hrytsiv Solomiia
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the actual problem of nurturing the value attitude to the Motherland from younger students by means of folk pedagogy. The purpose of the article is to substantiate and disclose the project technology "tree of life-tree of the genus", aimed at the cultivation of value relations to the Motherland on the basis of generalized knowledge about the means of folk pedagogy of a younger student. The complex of the following diagnostic methods was used in the research: interrogation, indirect pedagogical observation, questionnaires, piloting collective and individual conversations, in order to identify the levels of understanding the essence of the value attitude to the Motherland on the basis of folk pedagogy by the cognitive-reflexive criterion. The scientific approaches (cultural, personality-oriented, competent, activity and system) were determined, the principles and methods on the basis of which the model "Trees of life – trees of the genus" and the project technology of education of value relations to the Motherland by means of folk pedagogy were developed. A general overview of the tools of folk pedagogy that take place in the project technology is given, their essence and significance are revealed, in the context of which the experience of cultural heritage of the people is transmitted through "spiritual interaction", "dialogical communication" and subject-subject relations with the purpose of upbringing the value attitude towards the Motherland On the basis of the analyzed curricula, the volume of realization of the sciences that contribute to the education of value relations in the Motherland has been identified. The main problems of upbringing of value attitudes to the Motherland are determined on the basis of folk pedagogics in the system "tree of life - tree of kind". According to the author, the introduction of the proposed project technology into the educational process will help to increase the level of national identity and national-cultural identity.
SELECTION OF FLAVOUR ADDITIVES AND METHOD OF THEIR INTRODUCTION IN THE COMPOSITION OF COMPRESSED MEDICATED CHEWING GUMS
Authors: Maslii Yuliia , Ruban Оlena , Kutsenko Sergiy
Published: April 2020

An important characteristic of oral medicines, which include medicated chewing gums, is their pleasant taste. This can be achieved by adding taste coregents to their composition.

The aim: to choose rational flavour additives and justify the method of their introduction to the compressed medicated chewing gums that are being developed.

Materials and methods: mint (Natural Mint Flavor SD, Kerry Inc., Malaysia), apple (Nat Apple FlavorWonf, Kerry Inc., Malaysia) and banana (Banana FLV, Kerry Inc., Malaysia) have been used as powdered flavour additives. As flavourings – oil solutions: Peppermint Natural WonfFlavor, Kerry Inc., Malaysia), Apple (Nat Apple FlavorWonf, Kerry Inc., Malaysia), Strawberry (Strawberry FlavorWonf, Kerry Inc., Malaysia), Melon (Chemical-Food Aromatic PlantLLC, Russian Federation) and Lemon (Chemical-Food Aromatic Plant LLC, Russian Federation). Aerosil brand 380 (Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH, Germany), Syloid® 244FP (Grace Discovery Sciences, USA) and Neusilin® ULP 2 (Fuji Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Japan) have been taken as carriers. The choice of flavour additives and flavourings was made using organoleptic methods of coregents evaluation according to A. I. Tentsova and I. A.Yegorov. The technological and physicochemical properties of the samples were studied according to conventional methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine.

Results and discussion. In determining the taste of medicated chewing gums samples with different coregents, the combination of powder additive and liquid flavouring "Apple" has got the highest mark. In order to substantiate the rational method of liquid flavouring introduction in the composition of the compressed chewing gums, it is proposed to introduce the adsorbents Aerosil 380, Syloid® 244FP and Neusilin® ULP 2, which also play the role of moisture regulators and glidants. Microscopic analysis of adsorbents mixtures with flavouring, as well as physicochemical and technological investigations of the mass for pressing have revealed that the best adsorbing, moisture-regulating and flow properties has Syloid® 244FP.

Conclusions. As a coregent in medicated chewing gums was selected a combination of powdered (2.0 %) and liquid (0.6 %) flavours “Apple”. The method of introducing the oil flavouring into the composition of the compressed gums has been chosen – by spraying on the adsorbent with subsequent mixing. Based on the studies, Syloid®244FP at a concentration of 1.0 % was chosen as the rational carrier.
RESEARCH ON THE SELECTION OF EXCIPIENTS AS THE RATIONALE FOR THE COMPOSITION OF THE TABLETS WITH DRY EXTRACT OF SANGUISORBA OFFICINALIS
Authors: Shulga Lyudmila , Bezkrovna Kateryna , Domar Nina
Published: April 2020

The aim. The aim of the research was to study the effect of different groups of excipients on the pharmaco-technological propertiesof the powder mass for tabletting in the development of the composition of the tablets with dry extract of Sanguisorba officinalis for complex therapy of the gastrointestinal tract diseases.

Materials and methods. Objects of study - dry extract Sanguisorba officinalis, 25 excipients used in the production of tablets by the method of direct compression, grouped into five groups of factors (fillers based on sugars and microcrystalline cellulose, disintegrants, glidants and lubricants), samples of powder masses. Studies on the determination of pharmaco-technological properties (fluidity, bulk density, bulk density after shrinkage, degree of compressibility, Hausner ratio, and angle of repose) of the obtained powder masses were carried out according to the methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine, Second edition. The method of mathematical planning of the experiment was used in the work, the obtained results were subjected to variance analysis, and the ranked series of advantages were placed, in which the excipients were placed in the sequence of their influence on the studied pharmaco-tecnological parameters.

Results and discussion. The influence of excipients (factors) on the pharmaco-technological properties (responses) of the powdered tablet masses with the construction of ranked benefits was studied using a five-factor experiment, a hyper-Graeco-Latin square. The results of the analysis of variance showed that glidants have the greatest influence on the fluidity, the bulk density and the bulk density after shrinkage. Neusilin US 2 significantly affects the fluidity of the powder masses and Hausner ratio, the talc having the greatest effect on the bulk density and the bulk density after shrinkage of the powder masses. The representative of the disintegrants group – Sodium starch glycolate most influences the compressibility index, the sugar-based filler – Pearlitol 500 DC – on the angle of repose.

Conclusions. The effect of 25 excipients on the pharmaco-technological characteristics of the powdered tablet masses with dry extract of Sanguisorba officinalis was studied. It was found that among the sugars-based fillers equally good results were shown in the powder masses with Compri sugar, Tablettose 80 and Pearlitol 500 DC; among the microcrystalline cellulose based fillers is Prosolv 90; among glidants – Neusilin US 2; no comparison was made of the disintegrants and lubricant excipients from the studied list of leader substances. The results of the studies indicate the possibility of obtaining tablets by the direct compression method, and further study of their pharmaco-technological characteristics will allow to establish the optimal composition of excipients.
GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE AND BRONCHIAL ASTHMA: MECHANISMS OF COMORBID FORMATION AND COURSE.
Authors: Oparin Aleksey , Akhvlediani Givi , Oparin Anatoliy , Pavlov Sergei
Published: April 2020

The aim of the study: To estimate the level of Galectin-3 with the parallel tracing of the content of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-4 (IL-4) for patients with GERD and BA both in case of separate nosologies, and in case of their combined course during the period of exacerbation of the diseases.

Methods. The study was conducted in three groups of patients, homogeneous by gender and age. The first group included 18 patients with GERD. The second group included 19 patients with intermittent or persistent-mild bronchial asthma. The third group included 22 patients suffering from GERD with concomitant BA intermittent or persistent-mild severity. Determination of the level of galectin-3 and interleukins (IL-4 and IL-6) in the blood serum was carried out by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results. Analyzing the results of the study, we found that the level of galectin - 3 was increased on average in both groups of patients with isolated GERD (and in patients with BA). In patients of the third group with comorbid pathology, the level of galectin-3 was statistically significantly higher than not only the norm, but also the average of patients with isolated BA and GERD. At the same time, we found the rise in the level of pro-inflammatory (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokines. Moreover, in patients with GERD, the level of IL-6 was increased with a higher degree of reliability, and the level of IL-4 was increased with a lower degree of reliability. In patients with BA, on the contrary, the level of IL-4 was determined more often and higher, and the level of IL-6 was lower.

Conclusions. Analyzing result of the study, a clear correlation and features of changes in the level of galectin-3, IL-4, IL-6 in patients with isolated GERD, BA, as well as with the comorbidity of these diseases, were revealed.

In patients with BA, the level of galectin-3 increases with the same degree of certainty as in the group of patients with GERD. In the cytokine system, on the contrary, the level of anti-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokines increases with a greater degree of certainty than the level of pro-inflammatory (IL-6) cytokines.

In patients with GERD with concomitant BA, the level of galectin-3 increases with a greater degree of certainty. It is observed also a higher rising of pro-inflammatory (IL-6) cytokines and a slightly pronounced increasing of the level of anti-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokines in comparison with the group of patients with isolated GERD.
Review of Network Technology System from the Past, Present to the Future
Authors: Mou Chengjin , Guo Xiaohui
Published: April 2020

Since China’s public network got access to the Internet in 1994, the study, research and understanding of the Internet have been blindly superstitious to the United States for a long time, copying the rules and regulations of the United States, and the textbooks in the field of Internet and information are almost completely Americanized. For more than 20 years, we have not formed our own systematic and profound research and practical views on the Internet, most of which are based on the half understood, ignorant, and parrot-like knowledge and cognition instilled from the United States.

Being controlled by others in ideology is even worse than in technology. At present, China’s understanding of the Internet is very superficial from the superior to inferior. We failed to firmly grasp the technology controlled by others and legal key points. We didn’t adhere to independent innovation, which resulted in that we were repeatedly passive or even long-term passiveness in cyberspace strategies and tactics.

This paper will start from the history and technical characteristics of the emergence of the Internet, comprehensively discuss the problems that have existed since the emergence of the Internet more than 20 years ago, and reflect on the future development of the international network, making the Internet a truly open and shared international network.
Experimental observations of TiO2 activity in rutile-undersaturated melts
Authors: Ackerson Michael R. , Mysen Bjørn O.
Published: April 2020

An estimate of TiO2 activity (aTiO2melt-sat) is necessary for the application of trace-element thermobarometry of magmatic systems where melts are typically undersaturated with respect to rutile/anatase. Experiments were performed in the system SiO2-Na2O-TiO2 to develop two independent methods of estimating aTiO2melt-sat—one based on the commonly applied rutile-saturation technique and another utilizing a novel Ti-in-tridymite thermometer. It is demonstrated that the rutile-saturation model can lead to an overestimate of aTiO2melt-sat relative to TiO2 activity calculated using the solubility of Ti in tridymite (SiO2) coexisting with rutile. Overestimation via the rutile-saturation technique is due to variations in the solubility mechanisms of Ti in the melt phase as a function of Ti content. In natural systems, overestimates of aTiO2melt-sat will lead to an underestimation of crystallization temperatures by Ti-based trace-element thermobarometers. Although this study is not directly applicable to natural systems, it lays the groundwork for future research on natural composition magmas to constrain TiO2 activity in melts.
Popularizar la ciencia: consideraciones sobre la “otredad” y sus implicaciones éticas
Authors: Domínguez Gutiérrez Silvia
Published: April 2020

¿Por qué popularizar la ciencia? Existen hoy día diferentes propuestas para comunicar la ciencia, aunque el mayor énfasis está dirigido en la divulgación. En esta reflexión, que ha partido de análisis previos, se establecen las diferencias entre: a) el sentido llano de comunicar o divulgar la ciencia, y b) popularizarla. Todo proceso de comunicación de la ciencia, en el sentido de su popularización, debe considerar los contenidos científicos como objetos de la comunicación, productos de un proceso social que obedecen a un contexto histórico, económico, político y cultural en el cual han sido producidos y desde el cual es posible comprenderlos. El escrito ofrece algunas aportaciones para popularizar la ciencia, con sustentos teóricos retomados de los principios de Freire, Kaplún y Moscovici.
Caracterización psicosocial de las familias del barrio 20 de julio municipio de Urrao Antioquia
Authors: Muñoz Cuartas Astrid Maribel , Pelaez Toro Elizabeth , Maya Ospina Yisets Dancire , Aristizabal Walter , Insuasty Rodriguez Alfonso
Published: April 2020

Este artículo presenta el resultado de una Investigación, realizada por la Universidad de San Buenaventura Medellín en el Barrio 20 de Julio del Municipio de Urrao (Antioquia). El estudio fue de tipo descriptivo-retrospectivo; en éste participaron familias y jóvenes, además de cinco instituciones que han prestado atención directa a la comunidad. El propósito del estudio fue caracterizar la población del barrio, con el fin de identificar los factores actuales que afectan la convivencia. Los resultados descritos en la caracterización de las familias se agrupan en: características socio demográficas, tiempo de residencia en el barrio, lugar de procedencia de la familia y razones que llevaron a las familias a habitar el barrio, composición y dinámica familiar, condiciones de la vivienda en general y percepción de la familia sobre las problemáticas que afectan el barrio. Finalmente se presenta la discusión y las conclusiones sobre los hallazgos.
Market coupling: an empirical study of the Sino-Korean game industry
Authors: Woon Park Jung , Baek Seungho , Glambosky Mina , Hee Oh Seok
Published: April 2020

This study aims to examine the relationship between the Korean and Chinese game industries, and more broadly, the Chinese stock market. Chinese firms are the most important partners and investors in the Korean game industry, which has emerged as a significant component of a thriving Korean economy. The paper examines the impact of growth in the Chinese game industry on the Korean market and the correlation and cointegration between the stock returns of nineteen Korean game companies, the Chinese stock market, and Chinese game companies. A portfolio constructed from Korean game companies listed on the KOSPI and KOSDAQ is analyzed. Variation in the Shanghai Composite Index is shown to significantly influence the performance of Korean game companies. Further, the Korean game industry is sensitive to changes in the stock price of leading Chinese game publishers. The Korean game industry returns more closely mirror the returns of the Chinese stock markets rather than the Korean markets, evidence of the influence of China. As growth and returns in the Korean game industry are closely related to the performance of the Chinese market, future performance is subject to political and economic changes in China.
Hydraulic damping nonlinearity of a compact hydro-pneumatic suspension considering gas-oil emulsion
Authors: Yin Yuming , Rakheja Subhash , Yang Jue , Lozano-Guzman Alejandro
Published: April 2020

Hydro-pneumatic suspension (HPS) systems could attenuate broad-frequency-range vibration mainly via the nonlinear hydraulic damping property. While the strut design with shared gas-oil chamber leads to gas-oil emulsion within strut chambers which intricately affects the fluid flows between the coupled chambers and thus the damping force. This study investigated the temperature- and frequency-dependent hydraulic damping properties of a compact hydro-pneumatic suspension strut, in terms of the flow discharge coefficients. A laboratory experiment was performed at nearly-constant strut temperature of 30, 40 and 50 °C, in the frequency range of 0.5-8 Hz. The obtained experimental data are used to identify the discharge coefficients of the emulsion flow across bleed orifices and check valves, which determine the damping property of the considered strut. An analytical model is established, and the simulation results obtained under different strut temperature and excitation frequencies showed reasonably good agreements with the experimental data. The results suggested greater discharge coefficient of the bleed orifice than that of the check valve, which might be due to the relatively complex structure of the check valves. Greater excitation frequency was shown to decrease the discharge coefficients in a nonlinear manner, irrespective of the strut temperature. Greater strut temperature, however, leaded to greater discharge coefficient of the check valve. Increasing the excitation frequency from 0.5 Hz to 8 Hz resulted in nearly 14 % decrease in the discharge coefficient of check valve at a constant strut temperature of 50 °C.
Fatigue analysis of injector body based on ANSYS workbench
Authors: Wu Miao , Mu Junchao , Zhuang Lan , Kong Yuange , Zhou Xiaojun
Published: April 2020

The injector body is an important component of the injector. In order to ensure the reliable operation, the finite element analysis made in ANSYS Workbench is used to simulate and analyze the stress and the fatigue strength of the injector body provided that the fuel loads and unloads instantly. The analysis shows that the stress concentrations of the injector body exist at the entrances of the split ports. It is found that the stress can be reduced, and the fatigue strength of the injector body can be increased by rounding. Finally, the relationships between the fillet radius and the stress concentration and fatigue strength are obtained. Ensure the fatigue strength of the injector body meets the requirement.
Numerical investigation of sound transmission loss of circular plates embedded with acoustic black hole
Authors: Du Xiaofei , Zhang Jianrun
Published: April 2020

The acoustic black hole (ABH) can be utilized to achieve aggregation of flexural wave in structures with the feature that the thickness gradually reduced to zero with a power exponent no less than 2. These characteristics could be applied in vibration reduction, noise attenuation or improving sound insulation. To investigate the sound transmission loss of circular plates embedded with acoustic black hole, series of vibro-acoustic coupling finite element models (FEM) for TL analysis of ABH circular plates were established by automatic matched layer (AML) method in this paper and the simulation results show that the circular plate with a single ABH embedded in the center position can significantly improve the sound transmission loss in stiffness-controlled region, and at the first-order resonance frequency.
Study on cyclic loading and unloading characteristics of remolded saturated soft soil
Authors: Yue Xiabing , Niu Yapeng
Published: April 2020

This paper described a continuous load one-dimensional K0 consolidation apparatus developed and improved, conducted an axial cyclic loading and unloading test of saturated soft clay. It can be known from the experimental comparison that during the unloading period, a stress strain curve of saturated soft clay is made hyperbolic. During the reloading period, when the loading quantity is less than the unloading quantity, the curve is hyperbolic, and when the loading quantity is greater than unloading quantity the curve is a straight line which keeps hardening. The plastic deformation and elastic deformation of test samples produced in the test have linear relation with the unloading level. On the basis of the original constitutive relation, axial circulation loading and unloading constitutive equation have been established using the loading axial stresses, initial tangent modulus, maximum unloading axial strain and its initial secant modulus as parameters. The reliability of equations was verified as well. The analysis of various plastic hysteresis reveals that as the unloading stress level increases, the hysteresis increases too and conforms to the quadratic curve relationship. This provides a certain engineering practice value for the strength and deformation characteristics of soft soil under cyclic loading.
Kinematics modeling and simulation analysis of sugarcane harvester hybrid drive collection mechanism with three degrees of freedom
Authors: Xue Bin , Pan Yuchen , Yuan Xuepeng , Yang Qu
Published: April 2020

In view of the problems existed of sugarcane harvester in China, the paper analyzes the types and characteristics of the existing sugarcane collection mechanism. A new type of three degree of freedom sugarcane harvester hybrid drive collection mechanism was designed in three dimensions. The geometric model of the new configuration related components and the overall assembly was established. And imported into the ADAMS simulation software. After the simulation, the working point and the force curve of the component node were output and analyzed. In order to obtain the motion law of the new three-degree-of-freedom stacking mechanism, verify the correctness of the theoretical model, and provide reference for the in-depth research and prototype trial production of the stacking mechanism in the future.
Enforcing nodes in a beam excited by multiple harmonics
Authors: Albassam Bassam
Published: April 2020

In this paper, an analytical method is developed for the calculation of control forces to create stationary points, called nodes, at desired locations in a vibrating beam structure excited by multiple harmonic forces. The developed numerical algorithm permits certain points on the beam to be stationary without using rigid supports. The main advantage is to allow sensitive instruments to be positioned at or near these points. The control forces design method is implemented using dynamic Green’s functions that transform the equations of motion from differential to algebraic equations, in which, the resulting solution is analytic and exact. The control problem is greatly simplified by utilizing the superposition principle that leads to calculating the control forces amplitudes to create nodes for each excitation frequency independently. Furthermore, the derived analytical equations are utilized to calculate the control forces amplitudes that result in enforcing nodes, called robust nodes, while minimizing the effect of excitation frequency variations on the nodes locations. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using numerical examples.
Control the ride comfort of soil compactor with semi-active seat suspension and cab’s horizontal damper
Authors: Zhang Beiping , Nguyen Vanliem , Wang Yong
Published: April 2020

To control the vibration of the driver’s seat in the vertical direction and the cab shaking angle in the pitching direction, a semi-active seat suspension and cab’s horizontal damper (SSS-HD) are proposed in this study. Based on the soil compactor dynamic model established in Matlab/Simulink software, the damping coefficients us and ux of the SSS-HD are controlled via the PID-fuzzy control. The weighted root-mean-square acceleration responses of the vertical driver’s seat (awzs) and pitching cab angle (awφs) are selected as the evaluation indexes. The SSS-HD is then compared with the semi-active hydraulic mount (SHM) of the cab. The results show that the SSS-HD has a great effect in controlling the vibration of the driver’s driver in the vertical direction and cab shaking in comparison with the SHM of the cab under the same simulation conditions of the vehicle. In particular, the awzs is improved by 27.9 % under the traveling condition and the awφs is also lower 40.2 % under the compacting condition in comparison with the SHM.
Research on a simulation scheme of penetration overload signal
Authors: Wang Xin , Cheng Xiang , Xue Xiaolin , Li Changsheng
Published: April 2020

In this paper, the types of penetrating collision overload signals are analyzed, and a detection device for simulating the signal of the penetration process is designed in combination with engineering practice. The device uses asimulated signal generation circuit to simulate the overload signal of the projectile actually hitting the target during the penetration process. The Pspice simulation software is used to simulate the voltage overload of the simulated overload signal, and the feasibility and stability of the signal generation are verified by the prototype test. The simulation signal proposed by the design scheme can be used to simulate the penetration overload signals for different initial speeds and different targets, and it has certain guiding significance for the pre-design simulation test of engineering projects.
Free vibration analysis of arch-frames using the dynamic stiffness approach
Authors: Bozyigit Baran , Yesilce Yusuf , Acikgoz Sinan
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate free vibration characteristics of arch-frames which consist of two columns and an arch. Firstly, an exact formulation of the problem is presented using the Dynamic Stiffness Method (DSM). The end forces and displacements of column elements are obtained analytically using Timoshenko beam theory (TBT). These are then combined with the end forces and displacements of the semi-circular arch, which is modeled with exact curved beam elements that consider axial and shear deformations and rotational inertia. By employing standard assembly and bisection based root finding procedures, exact free vibration analysis of the whole vibrating system is carried out. Then, in an effort to simplify the formulations, an approach based on approximating the arch as assembly of linear straight beam segments is presented. The calculated natural frequencies using DSM for both exact and approximate results are then tabulated for comparison purposes. The mode shapes are also compared. The results show that the proposed model simplification is effective and produces accurate mode frequency and shape estimations.
Experimental study on dynamic performance of pneumatic flexible manipulator with single degree of freedom
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Li Junye
Published: April 2020

Aiming at the problem of insufficient transverse stiffness of flexible manipulator, a kind of pneumatic flexible manipulator with single degree of freedom is developed by using elongated pneumatic artificial muscle joint as the actuator. The structure and functional principle of the manipulator are introduced. The dynamic experiment of the manipulator was carried out by using the three-dimensional motion measurement system, and the dynamic characteristics of the manipulator under three different incentive signals (step, pulse and ramp ) were analyzed, which provided a basis for the establishment of the manipulator control model in the later stage.
Numerical and experimental evaluation of sonic resonance against ultrasonic pulse velocity and compression tests on concrete core samples
Authors: Siorikis Vassilis G. , Antonopoulos Costas P. , Pelekis Panagiotis , Christovasili Kyriaki , Hatzigeorgiou George D.
Published: April 2020

Destructive Testing, like core drilling, remains today the only reliable method to calculate with accuracy concrete’s strength parameters. However, the damage of the constructions is always a limitation. On the contrary, Non-Destructive Tests (NDT) are fast and cost-effective which make them attractive nowadays. Nevertheless, the results of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) test are highly dispersed. Therefore, it is necessary to combine them along with destructive tests. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility to adopt the Sonic Resonance (SR) test to determine the strength parameters of the concrete. UPV and SR were used in conjunction with the Uniaxial Compression Test. Experimental and numerical analysis were conducted. More than 200 concrete cores from existing constructions were tested and more than 70 Finite Element Method (FEM) models were simulated. The results were correlated, and two empirical equations derived. It was observed that the dispersion of the of SR alone is smaller than the UPV, but also the UPV dispersion can be narrowed as long as the Poisson’s ratio is known.
A study on positioning standard of active hybrid mounting system for 6-DOF bar structure
Authors: Yang Qiu , Kim Byeongil
Published: April 2020

This article is to find optimized placement for an active mounting system suitable for a 6-DOF bar structure with two active paths. When a sinusoidal excitation force is applied to the structure, secondary force and phase of the two active supports can be calculated mathematically. When the position changes, the magnitude and phase of the secondary forces in each path will be analyzed using simulation. If the forces applied to the two active mounting system are relatively small and the phase does not change by 180 degrees, these specific positions of paths are considered as optimized positions of the active mounting system. Based on the simulation results, criteria for selecting the location are proposed, which will be very useful for proper selection of actuators for engine mount system.