bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sıvı Nitrojende Depolanan Ephestia kuehniella Zell. Yumurtalarında Trichogramma evanescens Westwood ve Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko Türlerinin Kitle Üretimlerinin Araştırılması
Authors: BAŞÜĞÜT Şennur , ÖZDER Nihal
Published: September 2020

Biyolojik kontrol amacıyla Türkiye'de çalışılan birçok parazitoid türü vardır. Trichogrammatidae familyası da bunlar arasındadır. Trichogramma türleri, bitkilerde zararlı olan Lepidoptera takımının yumurtalarına karşı özellikle kullanılmaktadır. Bitkilere zarar vermeden, zararlıyı henüz yumurta halindeyken öldürür. Trichogramma cinsine ait türler, böcek yetiştirme odalarında seri üretim ve salım kolaylığı nedeniyle biyolojik kontrolde özel bir öneme sahiptir. Trichogramma’ların kitle üretiminde konukçu yumurtasının sıvı azot içinde depolanması, alternatif bir yöntem olabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, dondurulmuş Ephestia kuehniella Zell yumurtalarını farklı zamanlarda depolayıp Trichogramma evanescens Westwood ve Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko türlerinin parazitleme potansiyellerini belirleyerek daha bol, kolay ve ucuz üretimleri araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Ephestia kuehniella Zell. (Un güvesi) yumurtaları sıvı nitrojende (-196°C) farklı sürelerde (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ve 6 hafta boyunca) depolanmıştır. Ephestia kuehniella Zell'in yumurtaları depolandıktan sonra, Trichogramma evanescens Westwood ve Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko türlerinin parazitleme performansları, bu parazitlenmiş yumurtalardaki yetişkinlerin cinsiyet oranı ve parazitlenen yumurtalardan elde edilen dişilerin ömürleri belirlenmiştir. Depodan çıkarılan Ephestia kuehniella Zell. yumurtalarını Trichogramma evanescens Westwood ve Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko türlerinin parazitleme performansı incelendikten sonra depolanmış yumurtalardan elde edilen dişilerin kitle üretimindeki performansı araştırılmıştır. Çalışmalar 25±1°C sıcaklıkta %60-70 orantılı nemde 16 aydınlık 8 saat karanlık koşullarda yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın sonucunda, 5 hafta süre ile sıvı azotta depolanmış E. kuehniella yumurtalarının Trichogramma evanescens Westwood ve Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko tarafından başarılı bir şekilde parazitlenebildiği, 6 hafta süre ile depolanmış yumurtalarda parazitlemenin hiç gerçekleşmediği saptanmıştır. Ancak her iki tür içinde hem sıvı azotta depolanmış E. kuehniella yumurtalarının parazitlenme sayısı, açılma sayısı ve dişi sayısı hem de sıvı azotta depolanmış yumurtalardan elde edilen dişi parazitoitlerin performansı açısından, 3 hafta depolama süresinin en uygun süre olduğu saptanmıştır.
ANALISIS PENGARUH WAKTU TAHAN (HOLDING TIME) TERHADAP KEKERASAN BAJA AISI 4140 DENGAN METODE PACK CARBURIZING MEDIA ARANG BAMBU
Authors: Saputro Danel , Setiadi Gery , Wibowo Supriyanto
Published: September 2020

Carburizing is a heat treatment process with the addition of carbon content to the metal surface. To obtain the microstructure and the desired properties of the metal can be obtained through the heating and cooling process at a certain temperature. To get a high hardness value after the carburization process of the workpiece, the quenching process is carried out, namely the rapid cooling process, so that the martensitic phase is obtained. AISI 4140 steel is one type of steel that is widely used in engine components such as piston pins. The piston pin is usually made of medium carbon steel AISI 4140. Based on its application this steel was developed with the aim of having mechanical properties especially hardness, strength and resistance to wear. This study tested the hardness of AISI 4140 steel before and after the solid carburizing process using 80% bamboo charcoal as carbon and 20% Barium Carbonate as a catalyst, with a holding time of 60, 90, and 120 minutes using oil quenching media. The results obtained showed an increase in the highest hardness value at the holding time of 120 minutes.
PENGARUH VARIASI POSISI PENGELASAN TERHADAP DISTORSI DAN SIFAT MEKANIK HASIL PENGELASAN BAJA SS400 MENGGUNAKAN METODE GMAW
Authors: Hamdi Iqbal , - Taufiqullah , Oktadinata Herry
Published: September 2020

Pengelasan merupakan metode penyambungan dua material atau lebih yang sering digunakan dalam bidang konstruksi. Metode pengelasan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) dengan logam pengisi ER70S-6. Pengelasan dilakukan dilakukan pada baja karbon rendah SS400 dengan ukuran panjang  200 mm, lebar 105 mm, dan tebal 12 mm. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyelidiki struktur mikro, distorsi, dan sifat mekanik sambungan las GMAW baja karbon rendah akibat variasi posisi pengelasan Posisi pengelasan 1G, 2G, dan 3G. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa posisi pengelasan 1G menghasilkan distorsi lebih besar dari pada posisi pengelasan 2G dan posisi pengelasan 3G. dimana pada posisi pengelasan 1G nilai distorsi terbesarnya adalah 5,42 mm dengan heat input 1.7 Kj/mm. sedangkan besaran distorsi yang terjadi pada posisi pengelasan 2G nilai distorsi terbesarnya adalah 2,39 mm dengan heat input  0.7 Kj/mm. Dari hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa perbedaan posisi pengelasan menghasilkan jumlah heat input yang berbeda, dengan peningkatan heat input akan meningkatkan besaran distorsi yang terjadi.
ANALISIS LAJU KOROSI PADA MATERIAL BORON STEEL SAE10B21 HASIL VARIASI PELAPISAN MATERIAL UNTUK APLIKASI AXLE RR WHEEL
Authors: Yunanto Wachid , Handoyo Yopi , Primanita Jenny
Published: September 2020

Axle RR Wheel merupakan komponen penting dalam komponen unit RR Wheel yang berfungsi sebagai penerus putaran dari side gear ke roda belakang pada motor. Adanya claim customer tentang pengkaratan atau korosi menjadi masalah utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model perbaikan yang berkualitas dengan angka laju korosi yang paling kecil terhadap waktu selama 5 tahun garansi part. Metode yang digunakan adalah melakukan pengujian laju korosi dengan uji komposisi kimia boron steel SAE10B21 dan uji weightloss dengan larutan HCL konsentrasi 32% dengan variable pelapisan Axle RR Wheel tanpa pelapisan, pelapisan dengan zink plating, nikel plating dan steel painting dengan ketebalan yang sama pelapisan 8 micron. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapat angka laju korosi terkecil dengan laju korosi 50.794 μm/yr dengan pelapisan nikel plating.
Effect of Lupine Straw on Potato Yield and Biological State of Soddy-Podzolic Soil
Authors: Rusakova I.
Published: September 2020

Post-harvest plant residues, mainly straw of cereals and legumes, are the most important readily available biological resource for the reproduction of soil fertility. However, the data on their effectiveness and influence on the biological properties of the soil in the scientific literature are not unambiguous and contradictory. The results of long-term experiments on the study of the effectiveness of post-harvest residues of various crops are very few. The role of lupine as a green manure for increasing the productivity of potatoes is well studied, however, there are practically no data on the effect of lupine straw grown for grain on potato productivity. Studies in a long-term field experiment have established that the incorporation of lupine straw into the soil (against the background of the previous long-term introduction of straw of grain and leguminous crops of grain-tilled crop rotation), both in combination with mineral fertilizers and in pure form, contributed to an increase in the number of ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms, microbial biomass, nitrification activity of soddy-podzolic soil. The activation of microbial activity, increasing the supply of plants with available nutrients, promoted an increase in potato productivity, as well as an increase in the content of vitamin C and starchiness of tubers. A close correlation was noted between potato yield and determined microbiological parameters (r = 0.62–0.87), which indicates that the general level of biogenicity of soddy-podzolic soil, regulated by the introduction of straw of grain and leguminous crops, largely determines the level of its effective fertility and crop productivity.
Anxiety Disorder, Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Quality During COVID-19
Authors: Uzakov O. , Akhunbaev S. , Komissarova S. , Alymkulov A.
Published: September 2020

The paper presents the results of a survey of 1,736 respondents, residents of Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic during the development of the COVID-19 epidemic, as well as the introduction of quarantine measures and a state of emergency. The respondents were divided into 6 age categories. Men accounted for 33.6% (584) and women 66.4% (1152). The survey included questions related to the detection of anxiety disorders according to the C. D. Spielberger scale. The results of the survey showed that the lowest level of reactive anxiety is present in the age group of 36–45 years old, and personal anxiety — in the group of 36–45 years old and over 65 years old. The highest level of reactive anxiety corresponds to the age of over 65 years.
Ultrasound support in pericardiocentesis
Authors: Safronov S. N. , Korshunov D. I. , Nosenko N. S. , Krutova T. V.
Published: September 2020

Important for a doctor of ultrasound specialty to understand the technique of pericardiocentesis for proper ultrasound support of the puncture. Technically correct puncture almost immediately leads to improvement of the patient’s condition and normalization of hemodynamics.
Exploring Consumer’s Propensity to Consume Insect-Based Foods. Empirical Evidence from a Study in Southern Italy
Authors: Arena Elena , Mazzaglia Agata , Selvaggi Roberta , Pecorino Biagio , Fallico Biagio , Serranò Mattia , Pappalardo Gioacchino
Published: September 2020

While admitting that neophobia and sociocultural factors negatively affect consumers’ propensity to consume insect-based foods, other aspects related to food values that consumers attach to these foods could have an influence on consuming decision. In order to identify the motivations and determinants that influence the propensity to consume insects and then to explore the drivers behind consumers’ willingness to consume insect-based foods, the data collected through the questionnaire were processed. After a descriptive analysis of the data, ANOVA was performed. Moreover, Student’s t test and pairwise correlation indices were estimated in order to determine statistically significant correlation. Our findings show that information about edible insects brought about an increase in food neophobia and appearance affected the expected liking levels. In addition, we have shown that respondents’ propensity to consume insect-based foods also depends on consumers’ subjective beliefs about food values such as healthiness, naturalness and environmental impact. We also found that respondents’ beliefs about food values associated with insect-based foods do not depend on the degree of information provided but are probably due to pre-existing prejudices about them.
Influence of the Coating System on the Acoustic, Thermal and Luminous Performance of Brazilian Buildings
Authors: Gois Pedro F. , Silva Ângelo J. Costa e , Delgado João M. P. Q. , Azevedo António C. , Guimarães Ana S. , Sá Ana Vaz
Published: September 2020

This work presents an extensive numerical simulation to analyze the influence of the coating layers on the performance of construction systems, in order to make the constructions projects feasible, not only economically but also technically. Through numerical simulations based on a defined reference model, the present work studied the influence of different layers of floor, roof and internal and external wall systems, on the acoustic, thermal, and luminous performance of buildings in Brazil. The results showed the materials and elements with the greatest influence on: lighting performance are the internal finishes of the environment and the type of glass used in the external windows. On thermal performance, all elements of the roofing system and façades, especially an absence of external cladding and the use of thermal blankets on the roof, have greater influence. The acoustic performance of the façade function on the external windows and acoustic performance of the floor system are mainly influenced by the thickness of the structural element and the use of a ceiling and acoustic blanket; acoustic performance of internal walls is affected by typology of the structured element of the wall and thickness.
A Dissipating Frames for Seismic Retrofitting and Building Energy-Efficiency
Authors: Foti Dora , Ruggiero Francesco , Sabbà Maria Francesca , Lerna Michela
Published: September 2020

In the present paper a new and innovative way to approach the regeneration of public buildings and public housing is proposed. It consists in a dissipative steel frame to reduce the displacement demand and to improve the energy efficiency of a real existing structure, inserting buckling-restrained axial dampers (BRAD) type dissipative braces. This system is adaptable to any construction made of reinforced concrete frames and improves energy efficiency and earthquake-resistant performance; moreover, it upgrades the aesthetics of buildings and the quality of life for the users. In fact, the system is capable of assuming different and pleasant architectural shapes offering benefits in terms of earthquake-resistant performance, energy saving, and energy production from renewable sources. The attention to the aesthetic results renders the intervention a redevelopment strategy not only on an architectural scale, but also in the urban contexts for degraded and marginalized suburbs. The performances of the proposed kit were evaluated on a case study consisting in a social house located in the south of Italy. Numerical analyses have been carried out and the results have been reported both from the seismic protection and energy efficiency points of view. As a result, the produced renewable energy from the retrofitting system and the building seismic capacity increased. A rapid and precise control process, able to return a suitable structural dimensioning of the frame, according to the different application contexts, is finally proposed.
Unsupervised Mitral Valve Tracking for Disease Detection in Echocardiogram Videos
Authors: Shahid Kazi Tanzeem , Schizas Ioannis
Published: September 2020

In this work, a novel algorithmic scheme is developed that processes echocardiogram videos, and tracks the movement of the mitral valve leaflets, and thereby estimates whether the movement is symptomatic of a healthy or diseased heart. This algorithm uses automatic Otsu’s thresholding to find a closed boundary around the left atrium, with the basic presumption that it is situated in the bottom right corner of the apical 4 chamber view. A centroid is calculated, and protruding prongs are taken within a 40-degree cone above the centroid, where the mitral valve is located. Binary images are obtained from the videos where the mitral valve leaflets have different pixel values than the cavity of the left atrium. Thus, the points where the prongs touch the valve will show where the mitral valve leaflets are located. The standard deviation of these points is used to calculate closeness of the leaflets. The estimation of the valve movement across subsequent frames is used to determine if the movement is regular, or affected by heart disease. Tests conducted with numerous videos containing both healthy and diseased hearts attest to our method’s efficacy, with a key novelty in being fully unsupervised and computationally efficient.
Interactive Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Elevated CO2 on Growth and Functional Food Value of Thymus vulgare
Authors: Habeeb Talaat H. , Abdel-Mawgoud Mohamed , Yehia Ramy S. , Khalil Ahmed Mohamed Ali , Saleh Ahmed M. , AbdElgawad Hamada
Published: September 2020

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and elevated CO2 (eCO2) have been effectively integrated to the agricultural procedures as an ecofriendly approach to support the production and quality of plants. However, less attention has been given to the synchronous application of AMF and eCO2 and how that could affect the global plant metabolism. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of AMF and eCO2, individually or in combination, on growth, photosynthesis, metabolism and the functional food value of Thymus vulgare. Results revealed that both AMF and eCO2 treatments improved the photosynthesis and biomass production, however much more positive impact was obtained by their synchronous application. Moreover, the levels of the majority of the detected sugars, organic acids, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, volatile compounds, phenolic acids and flavonoids were further improved as a result of the synergistic action of AMF and eCO2, as compared to the individual treatments. Overall, this study clearly shows that co-application of AMF and eCO2 induces a synergistic biofertilization impact and enhances the functional food value of T. vulgare by affecting its global metabolism.
The Trade Effect of the EU’s Preference Margins and Non-Tariff Barriers
Authors: Cipollina Maria , Demaria Federica
Published: September 2020

Nowadays, trade negotiations afford both liberalism- and protectionism-oriented policies. Indeed, in recent decades, the developed countries have been actively engaged in negotiating many preferential agreements to integrate developing countries (DCs) into world trade and encourage their economic growth, but many of these schemes contrast with the complex rules, often imposed on international markets, that still are an obstacle for exporters. Their presence and related costs reduce the importance of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) in increasing trade flows. This article attempts to assess the impact of preferential trade policies on trade flows controlling for different non-tariff barriers (NTBs), using a structural gravity model. The analysis uses disaggregated data, registered in the year 2017, on EU imports (defined at level HS-6 digit) from a large number of exporters (187 developed and developing countries) and also includes the intra-EU trade. Our results show robust and positive estimates for the impact of preferences on bilateral trade flows, however, higher non-tariff barriers are likely to play a role in reducing both the extensive margins of trade, and so tariff preferences alone are not sufficient to access international markets. The impact of NTBs on the intensive margin of trade is ambiguous; some measures may act as catalysts and therefore increase trade, and others may act as an additional cost of trade and thus hinder trade.
Lexicographic Methods for Fuzzy Linear Programming
Authors: Pérez-Cañedo Boris , Verdegay José Luis , Concepción-Morales Eduardo René , Rosete Alejandro
Published: September 2020

Fuzzy Linear Programming (FLP) has addressed the increasing complexity of real-world decision-making problems that arise in uncertain and ever-changing environments since its introduction in the 1970s. Built upon the Fuzzy Sets theory and classical Linear Programming (LP) theory, FLP encompasses an extensive area of theoretical research and algorithmic development. Unlike classical LP, there is not a unique model for the FLP problem, since fuzziness can appear in the model components in different ways. Hence, despite fifty years of research, new formulations of FLP problems and solution methods are still being proposed. Among the existing formulations, those using fuzzy numbers (FNs) as parameters and/or decision variables for handling inexactness and vagueness in data have experienced a remarkable development in recent years. Here, a long-standing issue has been how to deal with FN-valued objective functions and with constraints whose left- and right-hand sides are FNs. The main objective of this paper is to present an updated review of advances in this particular area. Consequently, the paper briefly examines well-known models and methods for FLP, and expands on methods for fuzzy single- and multi-objective LP that use lexicographic criteria for ranking FNs. A lexicographic approach to the fuzzy linear assignment (FLA) problem is discussed in detail due to the theoretical and practical relevance. For this case, computer codes are provided that can be used to reproduce results presented in the paper and for practical applications. The paper demonstrates that FLP that is focused on lexicographic methods is an active area with promising research lines and practical implications.
Numerical Approach of the Equilibrium Solutions of a Global Climate Model
Authors: Hidalgo Arturo , Tello Lourdes
Published: September 2020

We consider a coupled model surface-deep ocean effect, where an Energy Balance Model (EBM) is used for modelling the surface temperature and a two-dimensional heat equation represents the evolution of the temperature of the deep ocean. Although the model under study is based on that proposed by Watts & Morantine (1990), here we consider a modified model that incorporates other processes, such as the nonlinear diffusion and the action of coalbedo, depending on the temperature. The stationary states of the model under study, taking the solar constant as the parameter, are numerically attained. The results of the simulation are depicted in a {(Q,u)} plot where u is the temperature in the surface and Q is the solar constant. The numerical solution is achieved by means of a finite volume scheme with Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) reconstruction in space and third order Runge-Kutta scheme, which verifies the Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) property, for time integration. The equilibrium states are accomplished by evolving in time the numerical solution until the stationary solutions are reached. The main novel results of this work concern the numerical obtention of the stationary solutions of both the EBM and the coupled model EBM-deep ocean and the agreement of these results with the theoretically obtained in previous works, where an interval of values of the solar constant Q was obtained with the existence of at least three stationary solutions. In this work, we have numerically obtained more than three stationary solutions for such interval of Q.
The Syndrome of Elongated Styloid Process, the Eagle’s Syndrome—From Anatomical, Evolutionary and Embryological Backgrounds to 3D Printing and Personalized Surgery Planning. Report of Five Cases
Authors: Czako Ladislav , Simko Kristian , Thurzo Andrej , Galis Branislav , Varga Ivan
Published: September 2020

Background and Objectives: The symptoms of Eagle’s syndrome are associated with the elongated styloid process of the temporal bone or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament. The first mention of pain syndrome associated with the elongated styloid process dates back to 1937, when it was described by Watt Weems Eagle. Over the last decade, experts in the field have shown a lively interest in the issue of the relationship between the elongated styloid process and various symptoms. This article presents the correlation between the clinical signs of Eagle’s syndrome and alterations in surrounding anatomical structures. It includes a brief review of the evolutionary, embryological and clinical anatomical background of the elongated styloid process. Materials and Methods: Between 2018 and 2019, five patients were admitted to our workplace with 1–3-year history of bilateral or unilateral throat pain, otalgia and pharyngeal foreign body sensation. As a therapeutic novelty in the surgical approach to this condition, we used individual 3D printed models to measure and identify the exact location of the resection of the styloid process without damaging the surrounding anatomical structures, such as the facial, accessory, hypoglossal, and vagal nerves; the internal jugular vein; and the internal carotid artery. Results: Compared to traditional surgical methods without 3D models, 3D models helped to better identify cutting edges and major landmarks used in surgical treatment of Eagle’s syndrome. Printed models provided assistance with the exact location of the styloid process resection position without damaging the surrounding anatomical structures such as the facial, accessory, hypoglossal, and vagal nerves; the internal jugular vein; and the internal carotid artery. Conclusion: In our clinical report, we used 3D printed models for navigation and planning during surgical procedures involving resections of the elongated styloid process. Additionally, we can formulate a new hypothesis: the elongated styloid process is a form of atavism of the bony hyoid apparatus in our evolutionary ancestors that is evolutionarily encoded or arises from disrupted degeneration of the middle portion of embryonal Reichert´s cartilage of the second pharyngeal arch. Under normal conditions, this portion does not ossify but degenerates and transforms into a connective tissue band, the future stylohyoid ligament.
Endometriosis Associated Infertility: A Critical Review and Analysis on Etiopathogenesis and Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Filip Lidia , Duică Florentina , Prădatu Alina , Crețoiu Dragoș , Suciu Nicolae , Crețoiu Sanda Maria , Predescu Dragoș-Valentin , Varlas Valentin Nicolae , Voinea Silviu-Cristian
Published: September 2020

Endometriosis represents a frequently diagnosed gynecological affliction in the reproductive timespan of women, defined by symptoms ranging from pelvic pain to infertility. A complex interplay between the genetic profile, hormonal activity, menstrual cyclicity, inflammation status, and immunological factors define the phenotypic presentation of endometriosis. To date, imaging techniques represent the gold standard in diagnosing endometriosis, of which transvaginal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging bring the most value to the diagnostic step. Current medical treatment options for endometriosis-associated infertility focus on either stimulating the follicular development and ovulation or on inhibiting the growth and development of endometriotic lesions. Techniques of assisted reproduction consisting of superovulation with in vitro fertilization or intrauterine insemination represent effective treatment alternatives that improve fertility in patients suffering from endometriosis. Emerging therapies such as the usage of antioxidant molecules and stem cells still need future research to prove the therapeutic efficacy in this pathology.
Surface Pretreatment and Fabrication Technology of Braided Carbon Fiber Rope Aluminum Matrix Composite
Authors: Liang Jun , Wu Chunjing , Ping Hang , Wang Ming , Tang Weizhong
Published: September 2020

Carbon fiber is mainly distributed in the shape of short fibers and continuous fiber bundles as the reinforcing phase in metal matrix composites, and it is seldom studied as braided rope shaped to reinforce the matrix. For this paper, the pretreatment and the surface metallization of the carbon fiber braided rope were studied. Besides, the casting experiments of aluminum-based carbon fiber braided rope composites were performed without external pressure. XPS analysis shows that the surface of the carbon fiber braided rope treated with ultrasonic degumming contains many hydrophilic oxygen-containing functional groups C-OH, C=O, COOH, etc., which can effectively improve the wettability between the carbon fiber braided rope and the aluminum matrix. SEM, EDS, and XRD were used to analyze the micromorphology and structure of the copper plating on the surface of carbon fiber braided ropes obtained from different pH plating solutions. When pH is 12, a continuous, uniform, and dense layer was formed on the surface of carbon fiber braided ropes. In addition, copper coating can effectively inhibit the formation of Al4C3 brittle phase. Finally, the mechanical properties results indicated that the tensile strength of the carbon fiber bundle and carbon fiber rope reinforced composite materials were 69 MPa and 83 MPa, respectively, indicating that the reinforcing effect of the carbon fiber rope is better than that of the carbon fiber bundle.
The Toothbrush Microbiome: Impact of User Age, Period of Use and Bristle Material on the Microbial Communities of Toothbrushes
Authors: Zinn Marc-Kevin , Schages Laura , Bockmühl Dirk
Published: September 2020

Toothbrushes play a central role in oral hygiene and must be considered one of the most common articles of daily use. We analysed the bacterial colonization of used toothbrushes by next generation sequencing (NGS) and by cultivation on different media. Furthermore, we determined the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the impact of different bristle materials on microbial growth and survival. NGS data revealed that Enterobacteriaceae, Micrococcaceae, Actinomycetaceae, and Streptococcaceae comprise major parts of the toothbrush microbiome. The composition of the microbiome differed depending on the period of use or user age. While higher fractions of Actinomycetales, Lactobacillales, and Enterobacterales were found after shorter periods, Micrococcales dominated on both toothbrushes used for more than four weeks and on toothbrushes of older users, while in-vitro tests revealed increasing counts of Micrococcus on all bristle materials as well. Compared to other environments, we found a rather low frequency of ARGs. We determined bacterial counts between 1.42 × 106 and 1.19 × 107 cfu/toothbrush on used toothbrushes and no significant effect of different bristles materials on bacterial survival or growth. Our study illustrates that toothbrushes harbor various microorganisms and that both period of use and user age might affect the microbial composition.
Integrative Design Classes for Environmental Sustainability of Interior Architectural Design
Authors: Celadyn Magdalena
Published: September 2020

The paper considers the adjustments of the interior architectural design education model toward its compliance with the principles of sustainability, since the currently provided scheme does not effectively employ the sustainability multi-dimensional concept as a substantial determinant of interior architectural design. The conventional interior architectural design curriculum requires corrections, to provide students with systematized knowledge on sustainability issues, as well as appropriate abilities and skills to create buildings’ interior spaces with high environmental performance. The modifications are considered using the example of a curriculum realized within the Faculty of Interior Design affiliated with the Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow. These improvements of the curriculum structure comprise the establishment of a compulsory course on environmentally sustainable interior architectural design, offering to the undergraduate students comprehensive theoretical knowledge on the multi-dimensional aspects of sustainability and the introduction of professional design tools, including simplified versions of multi-criterial environmental evaluation systems, as a supportive educational means, as well as learning tools comprising interdisciplinary environmental-responsibility-oriented design workshops or seminars led by green building consultants and professionals involved in practicing sustainable interior design. This paper discusses the innovative concept of integrative design classes (IDC), realized within the practical modules of courses on Building Construction and Environmentally Sustainable Architectural Design, both delivered to undergraduate interior design students. The paper analyses these integrative design classes as a supportive project-based learning technique to develop the students’ ability to accomplish sustainable design strategies for resource efficiency, waste management effectiveness, optimization of indoor environment quality parameters as well as pro-environmental education. The results of the conducted integrative design classes proved that they are a driver for developing technically and formally innovative designs, allowing the students to establish a link between theoretical knowledge on sustainability in interior design and its practical implementation.
A study of anti-cavitation properties of propellant-feeding systems of oxygen/hydrogen engines operating on boiling hydrogen
Authors: DEMIYANENKO Yury V. , KOSMACHEV Yury P. , AFANASYEV Aleksandr A.
Published: September 2020

The paper presents results of studies on anti-cavitation properties of propellant-feeding systems of advanced oxygen/hydrogen engines when they operate on boiling hydrogen. It provides a description of an algorithm for conducting cyclic cavitation tests on booster turbopump assemblies. It also provides a schematic of a test setup developed at CADB. Test runs of the setup were preceded by prolonged analytical effort which included profiling of new versions of axidiagonal impellers, CFD flow simulations to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed profilings, constructing a non-stationary model and writing the software that can simulate the operation of the setup. The software made it possible to evaluate the effect of regime parameters on the test setup operation. The final part of the effort was running tests on the setup using hydrogen. The tests provided cavitation characteristics of three booster turbopump assemblies at various flow rates and temperatures of liquid hydrogen. The test results made it possible to update the math model taking into account special profiling features of the axidiagonal impellers.
Key words: LOX-LH2 rocket engine, booster turbopump assembly, cavitation, vapor content.
Case study: Experimental study on optimum level of synthetic speech simulating Lombard effect
Authors: Matsumoto Y. , Asakura T. , Tokyo University of Science, Faculty of Scien  , Tokyo University of Science, Faculty of Scien  , Tokyo University of Science, Faculty of Scien  , Tokyo University of Science, Faculty of Scien  , Tokyo University of Science, Faculty of Scien  , Tokyo University of Science, Faculty of Scien
Published: September 2020

The Lombard effect is an acoustic effect associated with human speech in noisy environments. By simulating the Lombard effect in synthetic speech, the intelligibil- ity of synthetic speech in noisy environments is improved. However, it is known that human speech characterized by the
Lombard effect increases annoyance in addition to intelligibility. Therefore, the influence of the Lombard effect on synthetic speech in a noisy environment was examined in detail, considering not only intelligibility but also other criteria. It was found that the suitability of speech reproduction
in- creased upon using the Lombard effect in a noisy environment. By simulating the Lombard effect in synthetic speech, the intelligibility of synthetic speech in noisy environments is improved. However, it is known that human speech characterized by the Lombard effect increases annoyance
in addition to intelligibility. Therefore, the influence of the Lombard effect on synthetic speech in a noisy environment was examined in detail, considering not only intelligibility but also other criteria. It was found that the suitability of speech reproduction increased upon using the
Lombard effect in a noisy environment.
Relationship between the perceived strength of countries’ primary care system and COVID-19 mortality: an international survey study
Authors: Goodyear-Smith Felicity , Kinder Karen , Mannie Cristina , Strydom Stefan , Bazemore Andrew , Phillips Robert L
Published: September 2020

Background

Strong primary health care (PHC) is the cornerstone for universal health coverage and a country’s health emergency response. PHC includes public health and first-contact primary care (PC). Internationally, the spread of COVID-19 and mortality rates vary widely. The authors hypothesised that countries perceived to have strong PHC have lower COVID-19 mortality rates.

Aim

To compare perceptions of PC experts on PC system strength, pandemic preparedness, and response with COVID-19 mortality rates in countries globally.

Design & setting

A convenience sample of international PHC experts (clinicians, researchers, and policymakers) completed an online survey (in English or Spanish) on country-level PC attributes and pandemic responses.

Method

Analyses of perceived PC strength, pandemic plan use, border controls, movement restriction, and testing against COVID-19 mortality were undertaken for 38 countries with ≥5 responses.

Results

In total, 1035 responses were received from 111 countries, with 1 to 163 responders per country. The 38 countries with ≥5 responses were included in the analyses. All world regions and economic tiers were represented. No correlation was found between PC strength and mortality. Country-level mortality negatively correlated with perceived stringent border control, movement restriction, and testing regimes.

Conclusion

Countries perceived by expert participants as having a prepared pandemic plan and a strong PC system did not necessarily experience lower COVID-19 mortality rates. What appears to make a difference to containment is if and when the plan is implemented, and how PHC is mobilised to respond. Many factors contribute to spread and outcomes. Important responses are first to limit COVID-19 entry across borders, then to mobilise PHC, integrating the public health and PC sectors to mitigate spread and reduce burden on hospitals through hygiene, physical distancing, testing, triaging, and contract-tracing measures.
Теорії нації як методологічна засада формування державної мовної політики
Authors: Ковальова Т. В.
Published: September 2020

Досліджено теорії нації та виділено ті теорії, які можуть бути визначені як методологічна засада формування державної мовної політики в Україні. Для розгляду обрано такі конституєнти нації, як національномовна картина світу, національна свідомість, національна ідентичність. З’ясовано, що основою української політичної нації є етнічне ядро, складовою якого є мова, а Україна носить ім’я своєї титульної нації й найчисленнішого зі своїх корінних етносів – українського. Зазначено, що цей факт повинен бути основою державної мовної політики в Україні.
Основні пріоритети вітчизняної системи державного управління в галузі транспорту
Authors: Фердман Г. П.
Published: September 2020

Розглянуто основні пріоритети та роль вітчизняної системи державного управління в галузі транспорту загалом і за основними видами транспорту зокрема. Доведено провідну роль державного управління в галузі транспорту. Визначено пріоритети державного управління в галузі транспорту, його основні функції та напрями.
Організація професійної підготовки фахівців із кібербезпеки основними суб’єктами національної системи кібербезпеки: практичний аспект
Authors: Арсенович Л. А.
Published: September 2020

Проведено аналіз нормативно-правового забезпечення підготовки фахівців ізкібербезпеки та надано характеристику системі підготовки та підвищення кваліфікації фахівців із кібербезпеки основних суб’єктів національної системи кібербезпеки. Виявлено проблемні питання щодо підготовки та підвищення кваліфікації фахівців із кібербезпеки основних суб’єктів національної системи кібербезпеки, що уповільнюють впровадження інформаційних технологій в усіх сферах суспільного життя та діяльності. Сформульовано пропозиції основним суб’єктам національної системи кібербезпеки та Національному координаційному центру кібербезпеки, які беруть участь у професійній підготовці фахівців із кібербезпеки, для подальшого використання у практичній діяльності та для удосконалення відповідної нормативно-правової бази.
Механізми державного регулювання сфери екосистемних послуг у контексті забезпечення переходу на засади сталого розвитку
Authors: Лелеченко А. П.
Published: September 2020

Розглянуто теоретико-методологічні основи формування та розвитку сфери екосистемних послуг у контексті принципів сталого розвитку. Окреслено особливості нормативно-правового та фінансово-економічного механізмів державного регулювання у сфері екосистемних послуг. Викладено погляди на світову практику збирання платежів за екопослуги, зокрема ті, що стосуються лісового та сільського господарства, де основний принцип полягає не в тому, що “забруднювач платить”, а в тому, що “користувач платить”. Запропоновано систему заходів, спрямованих на створення та подальший розвиток екосистемних послуг в Україні.
Challenges and Prospects of Ethiopian Tourism Industry
Authors: Engda Jember Belete
Published: September 2020

Tourism is a circulation of people who travel to or stay in places outside their home country. It has being believed as a major ingredient in the economic development strategy. Ethiopia possesses numerous natural, religious,historical, non-natural and cultural tourism attractions;economic contribution and its potential are incomparable. However, various external and internal factors have been affecting the sustainable development of the tourism industry in Ethiopia. Shortage of tourist facilities, lack of skillful human resources, weak promotion, lack of integration and political will are the major negatively contributing forces. Although Ethiopia possesses massive tourism development potentials with its unique biodiversity and spectacular topographic features, its economic contribution to the country is unmatched. A solution could be the implementation of a tourism tax;these taxes can be used to fund the continuous development and improvement of its tourism markets. Thus, relieving the country of the stigma relying on foreign money to help its own industry and giving full of tourist facilities, skillful human resources,promotion, socio-cultural and political will for the tourists.
Desequilibrio regional y políticas públicas agrarias. Argentina 1880-1960
Authors: Girbal Blacha Noemí M.
Published: September 2020

En un país de casi tres millones de kilómetros cuadrados como la Argentina -territorio receptor de inmigración y cuya economía tiene por base un modelo agroexportador- la construcción social del espacio como parte de las políticas públicas cobra relevancia. De modo particular desde la conformación del Estado Nacional, en 1880, y la etapa más próspera de la economía agroexportadora con la presencia de un Estado intervencionista, primero; dirigista, planificador y nacionalista popular desde mediados de los años ´40. En 1950 -más allá de la redistribución del ingreso en favor de la pequeña y mediana industria- la "vuelta al campo" da cuenta del significado y la presencia de una Argentina agraria superadora de los cambios gubernamentales y de las alteraciones en las políticas económicas.Resulta interesante, en consecuencia, preguntarse por la forma de construcción del espacio argentino como parte del desequilibrio interregional y por el significado que a la hora de explicar esa desigualdad tuvieron los actores sociales y las políticas públicas implementadas o no para el agro. Este es el objetivo central de esta propuesta para el debate y la reflexión académica, al momento de hacer comparaciones con otras realidades latinoamericanas.
Las luchas obreras bajo el Pacto Social (1973-1974): el caso de la Federación Gráfica Bonaerense
Authors: Ghigliani Pablo
Published: September 2020

El artículo aborda las luchas de los obreros gráficos en Argentina durante el Pacto Social del tercer gobierno peronista (1973-1974), a través del análisis de sus determinaciones gremiales y políticas.
GRAMSCI E O FUNDAMENTO ÉTICO DA VONTADE COLETIVA
Authors: Favaretto João Batista
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo trata do fundamento ético necessário à formação da vontade coletiva, tal como fora pensado por Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937), especialmente, nos Cadernos do cárcere. Nosso objetivo não é o de abordar aqueles que poderiam ser considerados os princípios formais de uma nova ética, mas o de explorar a relação entre ética e cultura, pois é a cultura que aparece, frequentemente, como elemento fundador e motivador de uma vontade capaz de orientar a ação individual e coletiva em uma determinada direção. Portanto, nosso objetivo é o de tratar dos meios pelos quais se dá a formação dos indivíduos no sentido da constituição de uma vontade coletiva. Enfim, pretendemos mostrar como Gramsci pensa a formação da vontade coletiva, tendo como referência a importante mudança de mentalidade introduzida na Modernidade pela Reforma Protestante.
POLÍTICAS DE INOVAÇÃO E QUALIDADE NO ENSINO SUPERIOR (A DISTÂNCIA) EM PORTUGAL
Authors: Caeiro Domingos José Alves , Caetano João Carlos Relvão
Published: September 2020

Neste artigo, os autores fazem uma reflexão sobre o sentido evolutivo das políticas de inovação e qualidade nas instituições e sistema de ensino superior e ciência portugueses, na perspectiva do modelo de governação. Os autores formulam a hipótese de que os sistemas de ensino superior e ciência se complexificaram muito nas últimas décadas nos países mais desenvolvidos, por via de alterações políticas e legislativas e de alterações nas relações entre os agentes, o que implica tanto a definição de novos objetivos como a adoção de novas abordagens e práticas pelas instituições. Partindo da análise dos princípios de reforma dos sistemas de ensino superior e ciência na Europa no período posterior ao maio de 68, os autores analisam o caso português e o papel dos atores do sistema respetivo, que inclui a educação a distância. Analisam ainda as políticas na área e os seus instrumentos na perspectiva da dinâmica dos agentes do sistema. Por fim, explicitam as condições para que exista uma eficaz cooperação entre os agentes do sistema relacionados com o ensino a distância, como pressuposto para que as referidas políticas de inovação e qualidade sejas efetivas e convergentes.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU TERHADAP PENGGUNAANKB METODE KONTRASEPSI JANGKA PANJANG (MKJP) DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PARAMASAN KABUPATEN BANJAR, MARTAPURA
Authors: Widyarni Ari .
Published: September 2020

Long-term contraception method (MKJP) is a type of contraception that is very effective for avoiding births, regulating birth intervals and not affecting sexual relations that can last for 3 years to a lifetime such as IUD, Implants, MOW and MOP. Long-term contraceptive methods (MKJP) have proven to be the most effective way to reduce pregnancy rates, but until now MKJP has not yet become the choice of the majority of couples of reproductive age in Indonesia. Kabupaten Banjar, Martapura are still included in the regions where the coverage of MKJP KB is low, it can be seen in the achievement figures which show a significant decrease in 2015 reached 6.6%, in year 2016 reached 7.0% and in year 2017, only 2.3%. This research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional approach. The population and sample are mothers with criteria for women of childbearing age (WUS) as family planning acceptors who visit and seek treatment at Puskesmas Paramasan Kabupaten Banjar. A large sample of 60respondents. Data was collected by interview using a structured questionnaire, the results of data collection were analyzed using univariate and bivariate statistics with a chi square test using a computer program with a significance value (α)≤0.05. The results of the univariate analysis showed that the majority of respondents did not use MKJP KB, most of the respondents had sufficient knowledge and most respondents' attitudes were sufficient. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a correlation between knowledge of the use of MKJP KB (p-value =0.001) and there was a relationship between attitudes towards the use of MKJP KB (p-value =0.000).It is recommended for agencies to be concerned about the need for cross-sector cooperation in an effort to increase respondents' knowledge and attitudes about the advantages and disadvantages of using MKJP KB.It is expected that with the increased knowledge held by respondents about MKJP KB, then the attitude of respondents in contraceptive use for KB MKJP is expected to be better.And will affect the increase in the number of MKJP KB use.