bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREVALENCIA DE LAS CONSECUENCIAS DE CARIES DENTAL NO TRATADA EN ESCOLARES DE 12 AÑOS EN LA PARROQUIA EL VECINO, CUENCA 2016
Authors: Velez Aldaz Edith
Published: June 2019

OBJETIVO:El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de las consecuencias de la caries dental notratada en escolares de 12 años en la parroquia El Vecino, Cuenca 2016. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo,transversal y observacional. Se evaluaron 185 escolares de 12 años, se incluyeron las fichas epidemiológicas de estudiantesmatriculados en los centros educativos, se utilizaron los códigos y criterios del índice PUFA para determinar las infeccionesodontogénicas como son la pulpitis, úlcera, fístula y absceso. Los examinadores fueron calibrados por un grupo de especialistasy supervisados por un epidemiólogo experimentado (Kappa >80 %). Todos los exámenes bucales fueron desarrollados con luznatural y espejo bucal antes del recreo. RESULTADOS: La muestra presentó 8.1% prevalencia de las consecuencias decaries dental no tratada; de los cuales se presentó 5.4% en el sexo femenino y 2.7% sexo masculino, siendo la pulpitis laprincipal infección odontogénica presente en 18 piezas dentales dando un índice PUFA 9.7 %, además 61.1% fueron losprimeros molares superiores afectados y un 38.9% primeros molares inferiores, siendo el primer molar superior izquierdo elmás frecuente 33 %. CONCLUSIONES: Esta investigación reveló, que la prevalencia de las consecuencias de la caries dentalno tratada fue 8.1 %, mientras que la principal afección fue la pulpitis con un índice PUFA 9.7 %.
IMPACTO DE LA SALUD BUCAL SOBRE LA CALIDAD DE VIDA EN ESCOLARES DE LA ESCUELA "SAN FRANCISCO DE PELEUSÍ DE AZOGUES" 2016
Authors: León-Matovelle Erika
Published: June 2019

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer el impacto de la salud bucal sobre la calidad de vida mediante elCPQ (Cuestionario de Percepción de Salud Bucal) corto. MATERIALES Y METODOS: El estudio fue realizado en niñosde 6 a 10 años de la Escuela General Básica "San Francisco de Peleusí de Azogues"mediante el “Cuestionario de Percepciónde Salud Bucal” o “CPQ corto” que está formado por 4 dimensiones (“Sintomatología Oral, Limitación Funcional, BienestarEmocional y Bienestar Social”). A cada escolar se le explicó la pregunta y marcaron la respuesta de acuerdo a su afectación.RESULTADOS: Los problemas que afectaron con mayor frecuencia fueron: comida atrapada entre sus dientes (54,5 %),sangrado en las encías (22,7 %), de esta manera la dimensión que presentó mayor prevalencia fue: La de SintomatologíaOral, en la cual se encontró significancia estadística (p=0,03), seguida de limitación funcional (p=0,021) y bienestar social(p=0,013). CONCLUSIÓN: Las afecciones de la salud oral influyeron negativamente en la calidad de vida de los escolaresen lo que respecta al problema comida atrapada entre los dientes y la dimensión más afectada fue la de Sintomatología Oral,en cuanto a sexo el femenino presento más problemas de salud bucal afectando su calidad de vida.
EXPANSIÓN MAXILAR EN LA CORRECCIÓN DE MORDIDA CRUZADA POSTERIOR DERECHA.
Authors: Zambonino-Palma Paula de Lourdes
Published: June 2019

Se presenta un paciente de 11 años de edad, en el análisis intraoral se diagnosticó como: paciente clase I esquelética, crecimiento normodivergente, clase II molar derecha, clase I molar izquierda, clase II canina bilateral, mordida cruzada en los dientes 12; 22; 24 y 25 y posterior derecha, apiñamiento severo superior y leve en inferior. El tratamiento consistió en: Expansión transversal, Alineación, nivelación, stripping, detallado, ratención, la aparatología utilizada Expansor con tornillo tipo Hyrax (9 mm) inferiores brackets prescripción Roth 0,22 x 0,28; bandas en los molares 6’s superiores, tubos bondables en los molares 16, 26 superiores y los 17 y 27 superiores e inferiores. La retención estuvo a cargo de un retenedor circunferencial con cinturón vestibular superior, y Hawley inferior con cinturón vestibular. Palabras clave: mordida cruzada posterior derecha.
Isolation and identification of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria from plants in Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, Philippines
Authors: Lat Emil , Elegado Francisco , Dalmacio Ida
Published: June 2019

Sixty-three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from trapped or stagnated water in parts of 14 different plant species in Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, Philippines and were screened for bacteriocin production. Thirteen of these isolates were found antagonistic to different indicator bacterial strains through direct assay. However, after screening of the pH neutralized culture supernatant using ‘spot-on-lawn’ method against Enterococcus faecium 79 as the indicator strain, only one isolate, designated as ML 258, was confirmed to be bacteriocin-producer. Its crude extract of bacteriocin exhibited inhibitory activity against E. faecium and Lactobacillus aciclophilus. The isolate was characterized and found to be gram-positive short rods that occurred in pairs, singly or in chains, catalase negative, microaerophilic, non-motile, non-spore forming and exhibited a heterofermentative type of fermentation. This isolate was obtained from fern (Microsorum longissimus) and was identified as Carnobacterium piscicola using API 50 CHL kit with good identification of 98%. However, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and homology search from NCBI database using the BLAST program showed that the isolate is 93-95% similar with Carnobacterium maltaromaticum. On the other hand, phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 5 software that constructed a neighbor joining tree thru bootstrap method revealed that this isolate showed more similarity with Enterococcus sp.
Response of Yakal-yamban (Shorea falciferoides Foxw.), an endangered dipterocap tree species to nutrient addition in a problematic soil
Authors: Asio Johannes Reiner , Bande Marlito Jose
Published: June 2019

The successful establishment of dipterocarp tree species especially in problematic lands is a challenge since it is still poorly understood. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the addition of N, P, and K to Yakal-yamban (Shorea falciferoides Foxw.), a critically endangered dipterocarp tree species, grown in a soil derived from an ophiolitic rock. The seedlings were grown in pots inside a screenhouse and then subjected to the following treatments: control, NPK, NP, PK, and NK. Results revealed that NPK addition generally enhanced the growth of Yakal-yamban in the problematic soil, six (6) months after transplanting, particularly in terms of leaf area, biomass increment and allocation in the leaves. The allocation was enhanced in treatments that receive P, in addition to N, NK, or K suggesting that P was the most limiting nutrient in the problematic soil used. The study also revealed the occurrence of ectomycorrhiza in Yakal-yamban where P was not applied. The results imply that NPK addition is a potential nutrient management strategy for the seedling establishment of Yakal-yamban in problematic soils.
Pengembangan Perangkat Lunak Generate File Data Kehadiran Pegawai Universitas Palangka Raya
Authors: Putra Putu Bagus Adidyana Anugrah , Pranatawijaya Viktor Handrianus , Widiatry Widiatry , Sari Nova Noor Kamala
Published: June 2019

Science and technology are experiencing very rapid development, one of them in the field of web applications whose growth has been increasing rapidly. Staffing Department of Universitas Palangka Raya has used applications to manage employee data, one of them is the employee attendance list. However, the management is still not efficient because staff from the staffing department cannot directly enter employee attendance status such as leave, permission, and illness directly on attendance data processors because they have to wait for data retrieval from the electronic attendance machine at the end of the month so that the process of making attendance recapitulation runs slowly. Software development in generating a file of the attendance data of Universitas Palangka Raya employees using the Waterfall software development method. The first step is to carry out a needs analysis of the system created, including library research, data collection, consultation, and design. Based on this analysis, the system design was created that uses Data Flow Diagrams, and Entity Relationship Diagrams, as the system design that will be created. The next step is writing the program code. In writing program code, the programming languages used are HTML, CSS, and JavaScript as interface designs supported by PHP and MySQL programming languages for data storage and exchange. In the next step, testing is done to test the functionality of the application that has been made using the black box method. This software will be a tool to generate files on attendance data for Universitas Palangka Raya employees.
Scientometrics of the future: Scoring and profiling as new bibliometric standard tools
Authors: Ball Rafael , Zemskov A.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this publication is to show the continuity and development of the basic ideas of bibliometrics over the past 15 years. Continuity is essential not only in preserving the subject matter, but also in personalities: Dr. Ball, the organizer of the 2003 conference, is actively pursuing research in this area and his assessments of the prospects for bibliometrics are quite reasonable and clear. Equally significant is the role of the successor of support, training and promotion work, the company Clarivate Analytics in maintaining interest in the practical results of bibliometric research. It is very important that in 2003 there were outlined the essential limitations in the possibility of using bibliometric methods for assessing the quality of research of individual scientists. These warnings are still valid today. At the same time, many of the criticisms made at that time related to the monopolistic nature of the of Thomson Reuters, which is no longer so significant, since several competing systems have appeared. In general, we can assume that bibliometrics (scientometrics) have excellent prospects. Therefore, the establishment of practical work of libraries of all types, but primarily university and scientific-technical ones, on servicing with the bibliometric data can be an interesting and useful addition to the traditional reference and information services of libraries. Original English text is at http://library.gpntb.ru/publications/scientometrics.pdf.
A Sequência de Padovan e o número plástico: uma análise prévia e a priori
Authors: Vieira Renata Passos Machado , Alves Francisco Regis Vieira
Published: June 2019

O presente trabalho apresenta as duas fases iniciais da Engenharia Didática com o tema envolvendo o estudo da Sequência de Padovan e o número plástico o qual foi objeto de estudo primordialmente por Richard Padovan (1935-?) e Gérard Cordonnier (1907 – 1977). Com o objetivo de transformar os números de Padovan em um conteúdo a ser ensinado, desse modo, será feita uma investigação teórica, apresentando roteiros de ensino e transposição didática em torno dessa sequência linear e recorrente, para que haja uma maior exploração no ensino acadêmico para o estudo de referida sequência. Por fim, serão realizados aperfeiçoamentos acadêmicos por meio de contexto histórico, matemático e epistemológico.
Farmacêutico clínico e gestão em saúde: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Costa Franciely Vanessa , Klock Patricia
Published: June 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar a produção científica brasileira sobre gestão em saúde e farmácia clínica, no período de 2011 a 2018. Buscou-se apresentar a temática da Gestão em Saúde e Farmácia Clínica, baseado nas publicações de artigos científicos, buscando o papel do farmacêutico clínico auxiliando os pacientes, enquanto usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde, no uso racional de medicamentos e na melhoria da qualidade da farmacoterapia. A busca dos artigos foi através da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde com utilização dos termos: “Clinical Pharmacy” e “Health Management” no período de 2011 a 2018. A maioria dos artigos foi publicada no ano de 2012 e a revista com maior número de publicações foi Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. Os artigos selecionados foram agrupados em quatro categorias conforme suas temáticas: Assistência Farmacêutica, Atenção Farmacêutica, Farmácia Clínica e Gestão da Assistência Farmacêutica. Apesar de Assistência Farmacêutica no Sistema Único de Saúde existir há 30 anos e políticas públicas garantir a sua execução, encontram-se ainda problemas no acesso e uso racional de medicamentos. Sem medicamentos, estrutura adequada e gestão eficiente não é possível realizar serviços farmacêutico clínicos, amparados legalmente.
Modelagem e compatibilização de projetos de uma residência Minha Casa Minha Vida em software de plataforma BIM
Authors: Salomão Pedro Emílio Amador , Costa Naiene Cardoso , Gouvêa Débora Lopes , Oliveira Acly Ney Santiago de , Silva Altamiro Junio Mendes
Published: June 2019

Nas construtoras e escritórios de engenharia e arquitetura, geralmente, há grande preocupação em evitar interferências entres os vários projetos que compreendem o planejamento de uma edificação. Assim, é necessário fazer compatibilizações, que hoje em dia, na maioria das vezes, realiza-se pelo software autocad. Tais compatibilizações são necessárias, pois viabiliza a redução de custo da obra de forma que não ocorram gastos com novos materiais, mão de obra e retrabalho.  Porém, quando utilizada a plataforma bim para tal, proporciona uma nova experiência, como a agilidade de trabalhar em conjunto para a compatibilização com uma qualidade infindamente melhor.  O vigente trabalho, tem como objetivo o estudo de caso dos seguintes projetos: arquitetônico, estrutural, hidrossanitário e elétrico de uma residência unifamiliar que integra o programa minha casa minha vida, da caixa econômica federal, em software revit, bem como a identificação das incompatibilidades entre os projetos citados e as exequíveis soluções, para que viabilize uma nova maneira de compatibilização para os projetos populares com maior qualidade. A planta baixa do projeto arqutetônico foi inserida no software revit®, para inciar as modelagens, servindo como base para os outros projetos. Foi unido em um arquivo os projetos arquitetônico e estrutural, e separado o hidrossanitário e elétrico. Os arquivos foram inseridos no software navisworks, para verificar as incompatibilidades entre os projetos no relatório. As incompatibilidades encontradas foram entre os projetos elétrico e hidráulico, hidráulico e estrutural e elétrico e estrutural. Logo, a plataforma bim é muito necessária para que identifique as incompatibilidades de forma rápida e simples.
Identificação de dificuldades no processo de ensino-aprendizagem por meio do programa PIBID (Programa Institucional de Bolsa a Iniciação à Docência): um estudo de caso sobre as dificuldades encontradas no ensino da disciplina de física de uma escola pública na cidade de Parnaíba
Authors: Santos Francisco Willan Costa dos , Rosa Alcemir Horácio , Aquino Francisco José Alves de , Oliveira Jesus do Nascimento , Machado Aline Verônica de Sousa
Published: June 2019

O PIBID é um programa que tem como objetivo incentivar à docência e qualificar os alunos que apresentem interesse por ela. O programa desenvolve atividades direcionadas às escolas de educação básica, e é desempenhado junto com os professores que já estão em atuação com suas experiências práticas e interdisciplinares. Destaca-se ainda que o programa é de extrema importância por contribuir na melhoria da formação de novos professores e ainda pela contribuição na valorização da carreira docente. O objetivo da pesquisa é mostrar as dificuldades encontradas pelos “Pibidianos" com relação ao ensino da disciplina de física, e levar a compreensão de ações que poderiam auxiliar a enfrentar tais dificuldades. Esta pesquisa trata-se de um estudo de caso, com uma abordagem bibliográfica, metodológica e qualitativa. Sua elaboração foi precedida por métodos de revisão de literatura, dentre estes, a revisão integrativa. Concluiu-se que as dificuldades no processo de ensino aprendizagem com a disciplina de Física podem estar relacionados aos conteúdos e metodologias aplicados pelos professores em sala de aula, onde muitas das vezes não se tornam de fácil compreensão. E, sendo a física capaz de levar, proporcionar os estudantes, uma reflexão sobre o mundo das ciências sob as perspectivas de que ela não é somente fruto de pura racionalidade cientifica; mas sobretudo, essa ciência forma o aluno de forma cidadã, a física proporciona a produção científica e ao mesmo tempo a compreensão das necessidades do conhecimento do universo e dos fenômenos que o cerca. Por fim, acredita-se que metodologias e conteúdos mal elaborados impedem o papel significativo da física na vida dos estudantes.
Treatment of the Deep Overbite Malocclusion with Lingual Orthodontic Appliance during the Patient was Pregnant
Authors: Hu Xiaolei , Wu Xiaomian
Published: June 2019

While the mini-implant technique is common to use this technique to control vertical malocclusion, lingual orthodontic appliance is also a powerful method to deal with this malocclusion. And pregnancy is quite a challenge for the patients under orthodontic treatment and for the orthodontist. In this article we used the customized lingual orthodontic appliance to treat the patient with Class Ⅱ division 2 deep overbite malocclusion in the efficient way. The patient satisfied with the result of non-extraction orthodontic treatment and obtained an esthetic smile and the self-confidence.
Carbon Nanostructures for Actuators: An Overview of Recent Developments
Authors: Giorcelli Mauro , Bartoli Mattia
Published: June 2019

In recent decades, micro and nanoscale technologies have become cutting-edge frontiers in material science and device developments. This worldwide trend has induced further improvements in actuator production with enhanced performance. A main role has been played by nanostructured carbon-based materials, i.e., carbon nanotubes and graphene, due to their intrinsic properties and easy functionalization. Moreover, the nanoscale decoration of these materials has led to the design of doped and decorated carbon-based devices effectively used as actuators incorporating metals and metal-based structures. This review provides an overview and discussion of the overall process for producing AC actuators using nanostructured, doped, and decorated carbon materials. It highlights the differences and common aspects that make carbon materials one of the most promising resources in the field of actuators.
Irrigation Management Scale and Water Application Method to Improve Yield and Water Productivity of Field-Grown Strawberries
Authors: Létourneau Guillaume , Caron Jean
Published: June 2019

Improvements in water productivity are of primary importance for maintaining agricultural productivity and sustainability. Water potential-based irrigation management has proven effective for this purpose with many different crops, including strawberries. However, problems related to spatial variability of soil properties and irrigation efficiency were reported when applying this management method to strawberries in soils with rock fragments. In this study, a field-scale experiment was performed to evaluate the impacts of three irrigation management scales and a pulsed water application method on strawberry yield and water productivity. An analytical solution to Richards’ equation was also used to establish critical soil water potentials for this crop and evaluate the effects of the variability in the soil properties. Results showed that spatial variability of soil properties at the experimental site was important but not enough to influence crop response to irrigation practices. The studied properties did not present any spatial structure that could allow establishing specific management zones. A four-fold reduction in the size of the irrigation management zones had no effect on yield and increased the water applications. Pulsed application led to significant yield (22%) and water productivity (36%) increases compared with the standard water application method used by the producer at the experimental site.
Tolerance of Three Quinoa Cultivars (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to Salinity and Alkalinity Stress During Germination Stage
Authors: Stoleru Vasile , Slabu Cristina , Vitanescu Maricel , Peres Catalina , Cojocaru Alexandru , Covasa Mihaela , Mihalache Gabriela
Published: June 2019

Salinity and alkalinity are two of the main causes for productivity losses in agriculture. Quinoa represents a better alternative for global food products such as rice and wheat flour due to its high nutritional value and abiotic stress tolerance. Three cultivars of quinoa seeds (Titicaca, Puno and Vikinga) originating from Denmark were used in the experiments. The seeds were germinated under the action of three different salts (NaCl, Na2SO4, Na2CO3) at 0–300 mM for five days and the germination rate was calculated. Biometric measurements (radicle and hypocotyls lengths) andbiochemical determinations (proline) were performed in order to quantify the tolerance and the effects of salt and alkali stresses on the three quinoa cultivars. The germination rates showed that all cultivars were affected by the presence of salts, especially at 300 mM. The most sensitive cultivar to salts was Titicaca cultivar which evinced the lowest germination rate, regardless of the salt and the concentration used. On the other hand, Puno and Vikinga cultivars showed the best tolerance to the saline and alkaline stresses. Among the salts used, Na2CO3 had the most detrimental effects on the germination of quinoa seeds inhibiting the germination by ~50% starting with 50 mM. More affected was the growth of hypocotyls in the presence of this salt, being completely inhibited for the seeds of the Puno and Titicaca cultivars. Vikinga cultivar was the only one able to grow hypocotyls at 50 and 100 mM Na2CO3. Also, this cultivar had a high adaptability to NaCl stress when significant differences were observed for the germination rates at 200 and 300 mM as compared to 0 mM NaCl, due to the proline production whose content was significantly greater than that of the untreated seeds. In conclusion, the tolerance of the three quinoa cultivars to saline and alkali stress varied with the salt type, salt concentration and tested cultivar, with the Vikinga and Puno cultivars showing the best potential for growing under saline conditions.
The Social Rank of Zoo-Housed Japanese Macaques is a Predictor of Visitor-Directed Aggression
Authors: Woods Jocelyn M. , Ross Stephen R. , Cronin Katherine A.
Published: June 2019

The effect that visitors have on the behavior and welfare of animals is a widely-studied topic in zoo animal welfare. Typically, these studies focus on how the presence or activity levels of visitors affect animals. However, for many species, and particularly primates, social factors, such as social rank, can also have a large impact on behavior. Here, we considered the influence of both the role of visitors (crowd size and activity levels) and rank on the occurrence of visitor-directed aggression by zoo-housed Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata, N = 12). We conducted 52 weeks of observation (443.8 h) of macaques living in a large outdoor habitat and recorded 1574 events of visitor-directed behavior, 94.2% of which was characterized as aggressive. We calculated rank using the Elo-rating method. GLMM comparisons indicate that rank was a significant predictor of visitor-directed aggression, with lower-ranked individuals displaying more frequent aggression towards visitors. Additionally, visitor-directed aggression differed by crowd activity levels, but not crowd size. These results support our prediction that rank is associated with differences in visitor-directed aggression, and we interpret this pattern as lower-ranking macaques redirecting aggression toward zoo visitors as safe targets. This work emphasizes how factors emanating from the zoo environment can combine with social dynamics to influence primate response to human presence in the zoo setting.
Current Advancements in Addressing Key Challenges of Therapeutic Antibody Design, Manufacture, and Formulation
Authors: Sifniotis Vicki , Cruz Esteban , Eroglu Barbaros , Kayser Veysel
Published: June 2019

Therapeutic antibody technology heavily dominates the biologics market and continues to present as a significant industrial interest in developing novel and improved antibody treatment strategies. Many noteworthy advancements in the last decades have propelled the success of antibody development; however, there are still opportunities for improvement. In considering such interest to develop antibody therapies, this review summarizes the array of challenges and considerations faced in the design, manufacture, and formulation of therapeutic antibodies, such as stability, bioavailability and immunological engagement. We discuss the advancement of technologies that address these challenges, highlighting key antibody engineered formats that have been adapted. Furthermore, we examine the implication of novel formulation technologies such as nanocarrier delivery systems for the potential to formulate for pulmonary delivery. Finally, we comprehensively discuss developments in computational approaches for the strategic design of antibodies with modulated functions.
Production of Antioxidant and ACEI Peptides from Cheese Whey Discarded from Mexican White Cheese Production
Authors: Martín-del-Campo Sandra Teresita , Martínez-Basilio Pablo César , Sepúlveda-Álvarez Juan Carlos , Gutiérrez-Melchor Susana Estela , Galindo-Peña Karla Deniss , Lara-Domínguez Ana Karen , Cardador-Martínez Anaberta
Published: June 2019

Cheese whey, a byproduct of the cheese-making industry, is discarded in many countries in the environment, causing pollution. This byproduct contains high-quality proteins containing encrypted biologically active peptides. The objective of this work was to evaluate the suitability of using this waste to produce bioactive peptides by enzymatic hydrolysis with a digestive enzyme. Cheese whey from white cheese (Panela cheese) was concentrated to increase total protein and hydrolyzed with trypsin. A central composite design was used to find the best conditions of pH and temperature, giving the higher antioxidant capacity and Δ Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (Δ ACEI) activity. Higher biological activities were found when hydrolysis was performed at 52 °C and a pH of 8.2. The maximum value for the 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-scavenging activity was 26%, while the higher Δ ACE inhibition was 0.89. Significant correlations were found between these biological activities and the peptides separated by HPLC. The hydrophilic fraction (HI) showed highly significant correlations with the antioxidant capacity (r = 0.770) and with Δ ACE inhibition (r = 0.706). Antioxidant capacity showed a significant positive correlation with 34 peaks and Δ ACE inhibition with 33 peaks. The cheese whey was successfully used as raw material to produce peptides showing antioxidant capacity and ACEI activity.
In Vitro Propagation Protocols and Variable Cost Comparison in Commercial Production for Paulownia tomentosa × Paulownia fortunei Hybrid as a Renewable Energy Source
Authors: Pożoga Mariusz , Olewnicki Dawid , Jabłońska Lilianna
Published: June 2019

In this elaboration, effective methods of in vitro propagation of a Paulownia tomentosa × Paulownia fortunei hybrid are presented, and the variable costs of commercial production evaluated. Plant regeneration of the P. tomentosa × P. fortunei hybrid was achieved through organogenesis in nodal explants. Different concentrations of BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), 0.2, 0.5, 1 mg/L, and light conditions were investigated. The best results were obtained using a half-strength MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L BAP. In standard light conditions, 2 shoots were grown with 3.5 culturable nodes on each, and in 70% reduced light, 2 new shoots were grown with 6 culturable nodes on each. Rooting was successfully achieved when using a hormone-free half-strength MS medium containing vitamin, and 2% sucrose with 95% efficiency. Acclimatization and survival were shown to be 90% in regenerated plants. The cost of production of a single plant of P. tomentosa × P.fortunei hybrid grown in standard light conditions was $0.084 and $0.082 when grown in 70% reduced light where only variable costs were considered. Two major factors affecting P. tomentosa × P fortunei hybrid micropropagation is labor, materials and chemicals. Focusing on reducing this cost can highly lower plantlet price.
Competitive Influence Maximization within Time and Budget Constraints in Online Social Networks: An Algorithmic Approach
Authors: Pham Canh V. , Duong Hieu V. , Hoang Huan X. , Thai My T.
Published: June 2019

Competitive Influence Maximization ( CIM ) problem, which seeks a seed set nodes of a player or a company to propagate their product’s information while at the same time their competitors are conducting similar strategies, has been paid much attention recently due to its application in viral marketing. However, existing works neglect the fact that the limited budget and time constraints can play an important role in competitive influence strategy of each company. In addition, based on the the assumption that one of the competitors dominates in the competitive influence process, the majority of prior studies indicate that the competitive influence function (objective function) is monotone and submodular.This led to the fact that CIM can be approximated within a factor of 1 − 1 / e − ϵ by a Greedy algorithm combined with Monte Carlo simulation method. Unfortunately, in a more realistic scenario where there is fair competition among competitors, the objective function is no longer submodular. In this paper, we study a general case of CIM problem, named Budgeted Competitive Influence Maximization ( BCIM ) problem, which considers CIM with budget and time constraints under condition of fair competition. We found that the objective function is neither submodular nor suppermodular. Therefore, it cannot admit Greedy algorithm with approximation ratio of 1 − 1 / e . We propose Sandwich Approximation based on Polling-Based Approximation ( SPBA ), an approximation algorithm based on Sandwich framework and polling-based method. Our experiments on real social network datasets showed the effectiveness and scalability of our algorithm that outperformed other state-of-the-art methods. Specifically, our algorithm is scalable with million-scale networks in only 1.5 min.
Half-Duplex Energy Harvesting Relay Network over Different Fading Environment: System Performance with Effect of Hardware Impairment
Authors: Ha Duy-Hung , Dong Si Thien Chau , Nguyen Tan N. , Trang Tran Thanh , Voznak Miroslav
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we introduce a half-duplex (HD) energy harvesting (EH) relay network over the different fading environment with the effect of hardware impairment (HI). The model system was investigated with the amplify-and-forward (AF) and the power splitting (PS) protocols. The system performance analysis in term of the outage probability (OP), achievable throughput (AT), and bit error rate (BER) were demonstrated with the closed-form expressions. In addition, the power splitting (PS) factor was investigated. We verified the analytical analysis by Monte Carlo simulation with all primary parameters. From the results, we can state that the analytical and simulation results match well with each other.
Assessment of the Environmental and Societal Impacts of the Category-3 Typhoon Hato
Authors: Chow Eric C. H. , Wen Min , Li Lei , Leung Marco Y. T. , Cheung Paxson K. Y. , Zhou Wen
Published: June 2019

The destructiveness and potential hazards brought to the Pearl River Delta (PRD) by the category-3 typhoon Hato in 2017 have been studied. The results show that wind flow is one of the key parameters influenced by tropical cyclones. The observed wind at Shenzhen station changed from median southwesterly and calm northerly to strong easterly during the evolution of Hato as it approached the PRD and during landfall, respectively. The peak wind intensity at the surface level and a height of 300 m reached over 17 m s−1 and 30 m s−1, respectively. In Zhuhai, the area closest to the landfall location, the situ observation shows that the maximum wind and the maximum gust on 23 August 2017 reached 29.9 m s−1 and over 50 m s−1, respectively, which is a record-breaking intensity compared with the highest recorded intensity during tropical cyclone (TC) activity in Vicente in 2012. The maximum sea level during 23 August 2017, with an added influence from the storm surge and the astronomical tide, was found to be over 3.9 m to the west of Hong Kong. Extreme high temperature was also recorded on 22 August 2017 before the landfall, with 38.4, 38, and 36.9 °C of daily maximum temperature in Shenzhen, Macao, and Hong Kong, respectively. Based on the heat index calculated with the temperature record at Shenzhen’s station, the hot temperature hazard reached “danger” levels. On the other hand, a prominent air quality deterioration was observed on 21 August 2017. The concentrations rapidly increased to 1 time greater than those on the previous day in Hong Kong. The TC-induced sinking motion, continental advection, and less amount of cloud cover were observed before the landfall, and would be the possible factors causing the extreme high temperature and the poor air quality. This case study illustrates that the influences of Hato to the PRD were not only limited to their destructiveness during landfall, but also brought the extreme high temperature and poor air quality.
Global Distribution of Persistence of Total Electron Content Anomaly
Authors: Sun Yang-Yi , Liu Jann-Yenq , Wu Tsung-Yu , Chen Chieh-Hong
Published: June 2019

To better understand the ionospheric morphology response to lithospheric activities, we study the global location preference of the positive and negative total electron content (TEC) anomalies persisting continuously for longer than 24 h at middle and low latitudes (within ±60° N geomagnetic latitudes). The TEC is obtained from the global ionospheric map (GIM) of Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) under the geomagnetic quiet condition of Kp ≤ 3o during the period of 2005 to 2018. There are a few (less than 4%) TEC anomalies that can persist over 24 h. The conjugate phenomenon is most significant in the eastern Asia to Australia longitudinal sector. The result shows the persistence of the positive TEC anomaly along the ring of fire on the western edge of the Pacific Ocean. The high persistence of the TEC anomalies at midlatitudes suggests that thermospheric neutral wind contributes to the anomaly formation.
On Almost b-Metric Spaces and Related Fixed Point Results
Authors: Mlaiki Nabil , Kukić Katarina , Gardašević-Filipović Milanka , Aydi Hassen
Published: June 2019

In this manuscript, we introduce almost b-metric spaces and prove modifications of fixed point theorems for Reich and Hardy–Rogers type contractions. We present an approach generalizing some fixed point theorems to the case of almost b-metric spaces by reducing almost b-metrics to the corresponding b-metrics. Later, we show that this approach can not work for all kinds of contractions. To confirm this, we present a proof in which the contraction condition is such that it cannot be reduced to corresponding b-metrics.
A Focus on the Functions of Area 25
Authors: Alexander Laith , Clarke Hannah , Roberts Angela
Published: June 2019

Subcallosal area 25 is one of the least understood regions of the anterior cingulate cortex, but activity in this area is emerging as a crucial correlate of mood and affective disorder symptomatology. The cortical and subcortical connectivity of area 25 suggests it may act as an interface between the bioregulatory and emotional states that are aberrant in disorders such as depression. However, evidence for such a role is limited because of uncertainty over the functional homologue of area 25 in rodents, which hinders cross-species translation. This emphasizes the need for causal manipulations in monkeys in which area 25, and the prefrontal and cingulate regions in which it is embedded, resemble those of humans more than rodents. In this review, we consider physiological and behavioral evidence from non-pathological and pathological studies in humans and from manipulations of area 25 in monkeys and its putative homologue, the infralimbic cortex (IL), in rodents. We highlight the similarities between area 25 function in monkeys and IL function in rodents with respect to the regulation of reward-driven responses, but also the apparent inconsistencies in the regulation of threat responses, not only between the rodent and monkey literatures, but also within the rodent literature. Overall, we provide evidence for a causal role of area 25 in both the enhanced negative affect and decreased positive affect that is characteristic of affective disorders, and the cardiovascular and endocrine perturbations that accompany these mood changes. We end with a brief consideration of how future studies should be tailored to best translate these findings into the clinic.
Hypoxia- and MicroRNA-Induced Metabolic Reprogramming of Tumor-Initiating Cells
Authors: Ullmann Pit , Nurmik Martin , Begaj Rubens , Haan Serge , Letellier Elisabeth
Published: June 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC), the second most common cause of cancer mortality in the Western world, is a highly heterogeneous disease that is driven by a rare subpopulation of tumorigenic cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells (TICs). Over the past few years, a plethora of different approaches, aimed at identifying and eradicating these self-renewing TICs, have been described. A focus on the metabolic and bioenergetic differences between TICs and less aggressive differentiated cancer cells has thereby emerged as a promising strategy to specifically target the tumorigenic cell compartment. Extrinsic factors, such as nutrient availability or tumor hypoxia, are known to influence the metabolic state of TICs. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge on environmental stress factors and how they affect the metabolism of TICs, with a special focus on microRNA (miRNA)- and hypoxia-induced effects on colon TICs.
Cargo Sorting at the trans-Golgi Network for Shunting into Specific Transport Routes: Role of Arf Small G Proteins and Adaptor Complexes
Authors: Tan Jing Zhi Anson , Gleeson Paul Anthony
Published: June 2019

The trans-Golgi network (TGN) is responsible for selectively recruiting newly synthesized cargo into transport carriers for delivery to their appropriate destination. In addition, the TGN is responsible for receiving and recycling cargo from endosomes. The membrane organization of the TGN facilitates the sorting of cargoes into distinct populations of transport vesicles. There have been significant advances in defining the molecular mechanism involved in the recognition of membrane cargoes for recruitment into different populations of transport carriers. This machinery includes cargo adaptors of the adaptor protein (AP) complex family, and monomeric Golgi-localized γ ear-containing Arf-binding protein (GGA) family, small G proteins, coat proteins, as well as accessory factors to promote budding and fission of transport vesicles. Here, we review this literature with a particular focus on the transport pathway(s) mediated by the individual cargo adaptors and the cargo motifs recognized by these adaptors. Defects in these cargo adaptors lead to a wide variety of diseases.
Electrical Behavior of Electric Field-Assisted Pressureless Sintered Ceria-20 mol% Samaria
Authors: Reis Shirley L. , Carvalho Sabrina G.M. , Muccillo Eliana N.S. , Muccillo Reginaldo
Published: June 2019

CeO2:20 mol% Sm2O3 green ceramic pellets were sintered conventionally at 1500 °C/2 h and flash sintered by applying a 200 V cm−1 electric field at 800 °C, 1000 °C and 1200 °C. The thickness shrinkage of the pellets was followed bythe specimen being positioned inside a dilatometer adapted with platinum electrodes and terminal leads connected to a power supply for application of the electric voltage. The microstructure of the surfaces of the sintered samples were observed in a scanning electron microscope. The electrical properties were evaluated by the impedance spectroscopy technique in the 5 Hz–13 MHz frequency range from 210 °C to 280 °C. The main results show that (i) the final shrinkage level is nearly independent of the temperature when the electric field is applied and slightly better than that of the 1500 °C sintered pellet, and (ii) the bulk conductivity of the sample flash sintered at 1200 °C is similar to that of the sample sintered at 1500 °C. The availability of a pathway for the electric current pulse derived from the applied electric field is proposed as the reason for the achieved shrinkages. Scavenging of the grain boundaries by Joule heating is proposed as the reason for the improved oxide ion bulk conductivity.
Effect of O3 Dose on the O3/UV Treatment Process for the Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Secondary Effluent
Authors: Paucar N. Evelin , Kim IIho , Tanaka Hiroaki , Sato Chikashi
Published: June 2019

A municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a melting pot of numerous pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) together with many other substances. The removal of PPCPs using advanced oxidation processes within a WWTP is one way to reduce the amount of PPCPs that potentially enter an aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the ozone (O3)/UV treatment process, especially, the effects of O3 dose and reaction time, on the removal of PPCPs in the secondary effluent of a WWTP. Experiments were conducted using a pilot-scale treatment process that consisted of two flow-through reactors connected in series. Each reactor was equipped with three 65 W lamps (UV65W). The experimental variables were ozone dosage (1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 mg L−1) and hydraulic retention time (HRT; 5 and 10 min). On the basis of the PPCP concentrations after O3/UV65W treatment and their limit of detection (LOD), 38 PPCPs detected in the secondary effluent were classified into 5 groups ranging from the category of “sensitive” to O3/UV65W or “unstable” in the O3/UV65W process to the category of “insensitive” to O3/UV65W or “very stable” in the O3/UV65W process.
Corrosion Behavior of a Carbon Network/Aluminum Matrix Porous Composite in Salinated and Acidic Environments
Authors: Eisenhauer Eric M. , Gan Yong X.
Published: June 2019

Through this work, a carbon network/aluminum matrix porous composite material was analyzed for its susceptibility to material degradation in sulfuric acid and seawater corrosive media. Simple potentiodynamic electrochemical testing was implemented, and from polarization curves, the Tafel coefficients and exchange current densities were obtained for a comparative analysis. The pseudo exchange current densities for corrosion of the composite material were compared to those found for Al 1235 and 6061-T6. By relating the pseudo icorr of these materials in each environment, an understanding regarding the relative propensity to corrosion was determined. According to the recovered data, the composite had the lowest pseudo icorr in all corrosion systems and was consequently inferred the least likely to corrode. The factor that primarily contests this conclusion is the material’s relatively large exposed surface area. The existence of carbon along the grain boundaries in the C/Al composite improved its corrosion behavior. Further discussion concerning the implication of βc is offered. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) tests were performed in the frequency range from 0.001 Hz to 100 kHz. An immersion corrosion test was conducted to calculate the corrosion rate in different environments. Morphological observation on the corrosion surface was also carried out to evaluate the corrosion product deposition on each material.
Parameter Estimation Strategies in Thermodynamics
Authors: Höller Johannes , Bickert Patricia , Schwartz Patrick , von Kurnatowski Martin , Kerber Joachim , Künzle Niklaus , Lorenz Hilke-Marie , Asprion Norbert , Blagov Sergej , Bortz Michael
Published: June 2019

Many thermodynamic models used in practice are at least partially empirical and thus require the determination of certain parameters using experimental data. However, due to the complexity of the models involved as well as the inhomogeneity of available data, a straightforward application of basic methods often does not yield a satisfactory result. This work compares three different strategies for the numerical solution of parameter estimation problems, including errors both in the input and in the output variables. Additionally, the new idea to apply multi-criteria optimization techniques to parameter estimation problems is presented. Finally, strategies for the estimation and propagation of the model errors are discussed.
The Evolution of Climate Changes in Portugal: Determination of Trend Series and Its Impact on Forest Development
Authors: Nunes Leonel J. R. , Meireles Catarina I. R. , Pinto Gomes Carlos J. , Almeida Ribeiro Nuno M. C.
Published: June 2019

Climate changes are a phenomenon that can affect the daily activities of rural communities, with particular emphasis on those directly dependent on the agricultural and forestry sectors. In this way, the present work intends to analyse the impact that climate changes have on forest risk assessment, namely on how the occurrence of rural fires are affecting the management of the forest areas and how the occurrence of these fires has evolved in the near past. Thus, a comparative analysis of the data provided by IPMA (Portuguese Institute of the Sea and the Atmosphere), was carried out for the period from 2001 to 2017 with the climatic normal for the period between 1971 to 2000, for the variables of the average air temperature, and for the precipitation. In this comparative study, the average monthly values were considered and the months in which anomalies occurred were determined. Anomalies were considered in the months in which the average air temperature varied by 1 °C than the value corresponding to the climatic norm, in at least 50% of the national territory. The same procedure was repeated for the variable precipitation, counting as anomaly the occurrence of a variation in precipitation of 50%, also in 50% of the national territory. Then the calculation of the moving averages for cycles of 3, 5 and 7 periods were applied, and the trend lines were projected. Subsequently, the relationship between the results obtained and the occurrence of rural fires as well as the spatial distribution of forest area, species and structure were analyzed. From the results obtained it was possible to confirm the existence of a tendency for the occurrence of climatic anomalies, highlighting the occurrence of an increasing number of months with temperatures higher by at least 1 °C. It was possible to foresee the relation between the occurrence of rural fires and the periods of anomaly and absence of precipitation. From the results obtained it is also possible to infer that, analyzing the tendency for these phenomena to occur, it can be necessary to change the “critical period of rural fires”, since it is verified that what is currently in use does not covers the entire period where anomalies occur and where large-scale rural fires potentially can happen.