bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial cueing effects do not always index attentional capture: Evidence for a Priority Accumulation Framework
Authors: Darnell Maya , Lamy Dominique
Published: July 2020

In visual search, improved performance when a target appears at a recently cued location is taken as strong evidence that attention was shifted to this cue. Here, we provide evidence challenging the canonical interpretation of spatial-cueing (or cue-validity) effects and supporting the Priority Accumulation Framework (PAF). According to PAF, attentional priority accumulates over time at each location until the search context triggers selection of the highest-priority location. Spatial-cueing effects reflect how long it takes to resolve the competition and can thus be observed even when attention was never shifted to the cue. Here, we used a spatial-cueing paradigm with abruptly onset cues and search displays varying in target-distractor similarity. We show search performance on valid-cue trials deteriorated the more difficult the search, a finding that is incompatible with the standard interpretation of spatial-cueing effects. By using brief displays (Experiment 1) and by examining the effect of search difficulty on the fastest trials (Experiment 2), we invalidate alternative accounts invoking post-perceptual verification processes (Experiment 1) or occasional failures of the onset cue to capture attention (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, we used a combination of the spatial-cueing and dot-probe paradigms. We show that the events that occurred in both the cue and search displays affected attentional distribution, and that the relative attentional priority weight that accumulated at the target location determined how easily the competition was resolved. These findings fully support PAF’s predictions.

Public significance statement

Many studies aim at establishing whether certain objects mandatorily capture our attention. Here, we show that there is no “yes-or-no” answer to this question because the context in which an object appears determines whether this object captures attention. We show that our attention is not shifted to the highest-priority object atany given time: instead, information about priority is collected across time until some signal indicates that the appropriate moment for deploying our attention has arrived.

Striking failures to notice conspicuous events routinely illustrate how limited our attentional system is: we can attend to very few objects at any given time, and probably to just one. In natural conditions, when we move the focus of our attention from one object to another, we also shift our gaze towards the attended location: this allows us to place the object of most interest in the center of our fovea, which maximizes the quality of its perceptual processing. Tracking the locus of suchovertattention is easily achieved by using eye-tracking devices. However, in order to isolate the benefits of attention from the benefits of visual acuity, one must studycovertattention – that is, attentional shifts in the absence of eye movements. These shifts are not directly observable and must therefore be inferred using indirect measures of processing.
Partial inhibition of mitochondrial complex I attenuates neurodegeneration and restores energy homeostasis and synaptic function in a symptomatic Alzheimer’s mouse model
Authors: Stojakovic Andrea , Trushin Sergey , Sheu Anthony , Khalili Layla , Chang Su-Youne , Li Xing , Christensen Trace , Salisbury Jeffrey L. , Geroux Rachel E. , Gateno Benjamin , Flannery Padraig J. , Dehankar Mrunal , Funk Cory C. , Wilkins Jordan , Stepanova Anna , O’Hagan Tara , Galkin Alexander , Nesbitt Jarred , Zhu Xiujuan , Tripathi Utkarsh , Macura Slobodan , Tchkonia Tamar , Pirtskhalava Tamar , Kirkland James L. , Kudgus Rachel A. , Schoon Renee A. , Reid Joel M. , Yamazaki Yu , Kanekiyo Takahisa , Zhang Song , Nemutlu Emirhan , Dzeja Petras , Jaspersen Adam , Kwon Christopher Ye In , Lee Michael K. , Trushina Eugenia
Published: July 2020

We demonstrate that mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I is an important small molecule druggable target in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Partial inhibition of complex I triggers the AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling network leading to neuroprotection in symptomatic APP/PS1 mice, a translational model of AD. Treatment of APP/PS1 mice with complex I inhibitor after the onset of AD-like neuropathology improved energy homeostasis, synaptic activity, long-term potentiation, dendritic spine maturation, cognitive function and proteostasis, and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in brain and periphery, ultimately blocking the ongoing neurodegeneration. Therapeutic efficacyin vivowas monitored using translational biomarkers FDG-PET,31P NMR, and metabolomics. Cross-validation of the mouse and the human AMP-AD transcriptomic data demonstrated that pathways improved by the treatment in APP/PS1 mice, including the immune system response and neurotransmission, represent mechanisms essential for therapeutic efficacy in AD patients.
Catalytically Enhanced Cas9 through Directed Protein Evolution
Authors: Hand Travis H. , Roth Mitchell O. , Smith Chardasia L. , Shiel Emily , Klein Kyle N. , Gilbert David M. , Li Hong
Published: July 2020

The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 system has found widespread applications in genome manipulations due to its simplicity and effectiveness. Significant efforts in enzyme engineering have been made to improve the CRISPR-Cas9 systems beyond their natural power with additional functionalities such as DNA modification, transcriptional regulation, and high target selectivity1–10. Relatively less attention, however, has been paid to improving the catalytic efficiency of CRISPR-Cas9. Increased catalytic efficiency may be desired in applications where the currently available CRISPR-Cas9 tools are either ineffective4, 11–14 or of low efficiency such as with type II-C Cas915–18 or in non-mammals19, 20. We describe a directed protein evolution method that enables selection of catalytically enhanced CRISPR-Cas9 variants (CECas9). We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method with a previously characterized Type IIC Cas9 from Acidothermus cellulolyticus (AceCas9) with up to 4-fold improvement of in vitro catalytic efficiency, as well as the widely used Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpyCas9), which showed a 2-fold increase in homology directed repair (HDR)-based gene insertion in human colon cancer cells.
A network-informed analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis genes’ interactions points to Neutrophil Extracellular Traps as mediators of thrombosis in COVID-19
Authors: Ding Jun , Hostallero David Earl , El Khili Mohamed Reda , Fonseca Gregory , Millette Simon , Noorah Nuzha , Guay-Belzile Myriam , Spicer Jonathan , Daneshtalab Noriko , Sirois Martin , Tremblay Karine , Emad Amin , Rousseau Simon
Published: July 2020

Abnormal coagulation and an increased risk of thrombosis are features of severe COVID-19, with parallels proposed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a life-threating condition associated with hyperinflammation. The presence of HLH was described in severely ill patients during the H1N1 influenza epidemic, presenting with pulmonary vascular thrombosis. We tested the hypothesis that genes causing primary HLH regulate pathways linking pulmonary thromboembolism to the presence of SARS-CoV-2 using novel network-informed computational algorithms. This approach led to the identification of Neutrophils Extracellular Traps (NETs) as plausible mediators of vascular thrombosis in severe COVID-19 in children and adults. Taken together, the network-informed analysis led us to propose the following model: the release of NETs in response to inflammatory signals acting in concert with SARS-CoV-2 damage the endothelium and direct platelet-activation promoting abnormal coagulation leading to serious complications of COVID-19. The underlying hypothesis is that genetic and/or environmental conditions that favor the release of NETs may predispose individuals to thrombotic complications of COVID-19 due to an increase risk of abnormal coagulation. This would be a common pathogenic mechanism in conditions including autoimmune/infectious diseases, hematologic and metabolic disorders.
Clinical characterization of respiratory droplet production during common airway procedures using high-speed imaging
Authors: Mueller SK , Veltrup R , Jakubaß B , Kempfle JS , Kniesburges S , Huebner MJ , Iro H , Döllinger M
Published: July 2020

Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant number of healthcare workers have been infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, there remains little knowledge regarding droplet dissemination during airway management procedures in real life settings.

Methods

12 different airway management procedures were investigated during routine clinical care. A high-speed video camera (1000 frames/second) was for imaging. Quantitative droplet characteristics as size, distance traveled, and velocity were computed.

Results

Droplets were detected in 8/12 procedures. The droplet trajectories could be divided into two distinctive patterns (type 1/2). Type 1 represented a ballistic trajectory with higher speed droplets whereas type 2 represented a random trajectory of slower particles that persisted longer in air. Speaking and coughing lead to a larger amount of droplets than non-invasive ventilation therapy. The use of tracheal cannula filters reduced the amount of droplets.

Conclusions

Respiratory droplet patterns generated during airway management procedures follow two distinctive trajectories based on the influence of aerodynamic forces. Speaking and coughing produce more droplets than non-invasive ventilation therapy confirming these behaviors as exposure risks. Even large droplets may exhibit patterns resembling the fluid dynamics smaller airborne aerosols that follow the airflow convectively and may place the healthcare provider at risk.
A demand forecasting model based on the improved Bass model for fast fashion clothing
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxi , Meng Jianfei , Wang Guosheng , Xiaoxuan Qin
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This paper examines the problem of lack of historical data and inadequate consideration of factors influencing demand in the forecasting of demand for fast fashion clothing and proposes an improved Bass model for the forecasting of such a demand and the demand for new clothing products.

Design/methodology/approach

From the perspective of how to solve the lack of data and improve the precision of the clothing demand forecast, this paper studies the measurement of clothing similarity and the addition of demand impact factors. Using the fuzzy clustering–rough set method, the degree of resemblance of clothing is determined, which provides a basis for the scientific utilisation of historical data of similar clothing to forecast the demand for new clothing. Besides, combining the influence of consumer preferences and seasonality on demand forecasting, an improved Bass model for a fast fashion clothing demand forecast is proposed. Finally, with a forecasting example of demand for clothing, this study also tests the validity of the method.

Findings

The objective measurement method of clothing similarity in this paper solves the problem of the difficult forecasting of demand for fast fashion clothing due to a lack of sales data at the preliminary stage of the clothing launch. The improved Bass model combines, comprehensively, consumer preferences and seasonality and enhances the forecast precision of demand for fast fashion clothing.

Originality/value

The paper puts forward a scientific, quantitative method for the forecasting of new clothing products using historical sales data of similar clothing, thus solving the problem of lack of sales data of the fashion.
Staff shortages in Swedish elderly care – reflections on gender and diversity politics
Authors: Lill Linda
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the labor shortage is described at the national level and how these problematizations correlate to gender and diversity politics. The paper is overview of the governance of staff shortages in elderly care, how it is articulated and how the governmental scenario of solutions, which includes the channeling of unemployed migrants into elderly care. Politicians and public media describe the situation as desperate and the issue of the staff shortages in elderly care is described as a state of crisis. A highly profiled solution is to open up elderly care for unemployed migrants.

Design/methodology/approach

By analyzing specific management strategies for controlling a phenomenon, the paper will also be able to highlight values surrounding the phenomenon. The ambition is to understand how institutions, authorities and organizations handle practical forms of knowledge that are aimed to implement a particular policy or working method within the welfare system.

Findings

One important aspect of the findings is the ways in which these official political discourses link the issues of migration and the shortages of staff in elderly care. But also visualize factors in how the government bodies with the formal responsibilities and authorities express their concerns about these links and the quality of the elderly care more generally.

Originality/value

It is well-known that migrants are employed to take care of the growing population of elderly in Europe. In Spain and Italy, for example, immigrants are frequently employed directly by families to care for their elderly family members. This type of employment entails a series of new social risks. The most important of those risks is the global “care chain” that these arrangements incur for the sending families, who lose a family member on whom they depend. This paper is connecting the international research on the global “care chain,” but focuses on the Swedish context, where the migrants already are established and elderly care work is not linked to migration in the same way. However, the experience of migration and the importance of transnational and cultural knowledge can be influential in understanding the changing processes in Swedish elderly care, not the least as the question of staff recruitment has been linked to migration by the highest political levels.
Contextualizing the issue of touristification in Asia
Authors: Katahenggam Nagathisen , Wee Victor
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to intend to contextualize touristification with a focus on Asia. It argues that touristification in Asia extends beyond physical transformation and is used as a socio-political mechanism by the state and communities alike. This study aims to broaden the discussions on touristification by noting how the issue of authenticity and state intervention is approached in Asia.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on literature review, sourced from academic material discussing touristification and the influence of tourism.

Findings

Aside from undertaking physical changes, states in Asia adopt a socio-political angle in the commercialization of culture for tourism so that the culture that is presented to tourists is aligned to its national image. The construction of culture and narration of history for tourism branding predominate touristification in Asia. Conversely, minority culture had also used cultural touristification in asserting their identity, as can be seen in South Thailand and Bali, Indonesia Also, hybridization and recreation of cultural activities in Asia contribute to the evolving debate on authenticity in tourism within Asia.

Practical implications

The paper suggests the implication of state intervention in branding and commodification of tourism among minority communities in Asia.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to an extended discussion on touristification by contextualizing the issue within Asia.
Quality assessment of a campus medical facility: a users' perspective approach
Authors: Hassanain Mohammad A. , Dehwah Ammar H. A. , Sanni-Anibire Muizz O. , Ahmed Wahhaj
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the quality of an on-campus medical facility at a leading university.

Design/methodology/approach

Published literature was consulted to review knowledge areas on the usability and quality performance requirements of healthcare facilities. Quality indicators were, thus, developed from the extant literature and verified by a walkthrough of a case study medical facility. Then, a quality assessment survey was developed and administered to obtain feedback from users of the medical facility. Additionally, a focus group meeting was conducted to obtain more qualitative feedback on the issues identified through the questionnaire survey.

Findings

The results show that users were generally satisfied with the identified evaluation categories, indicating moderate quality. Potential quality issues related to the exterior and interior finishes, furniture and the indoor air were noted through focus group meetings. The study proposed a number of recommendations to enhance the design quality of the medical center.

Originality/value

The importance of this study is evident in the fact that the quality of healthcare facilities has a direct link to the performance and overall well-being of its intended users, as well as the overall success of its host organization. The study demonstrates the value of users' feedback on the quality of a built facility. It re-emphasizes the point that buildings can only be judged to be of high quality if the users' are highly satisfied.
Coupling analysis of the fatigue life and the TEHL contact behavior of ball screw under the multidirectional load
Authors: Zhao Jia-Jia , Lin Ming-Xing , Song Xian-Chun , Wei Nan
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to provide thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) contact model to study all balls’ lubrication performance of the ball screw when the multidirectional load is applied.

Design/methodology/approach

A new TEHL contact model combining the multidirectional load and the roughness surface texture is established to describe fatigue life of the ball screw. Meanwhile, the authors use the Reynolds equation to study the lubrication performance of the ball screw.

Findings

When the multidirectional load is applied, contact load, slide-roll ratio and entrainment velocity of all balls have a periodic shape. The TEHL performance values at the ball-screw contact points including contact stress, shear stress, minimum film thickness and temperature rise are higher than that at the ball-nut contact points. The TEHL performance values increase with the increase of root mean square (RMS) except for the film thickness. In addition, the radial load of the ball screw has a significant effect on the fatigue life.

Originality/value

The results of the studies demonstrate the new TEHL contact model that provides the instructive significance to analyze the fatigue life of the ball screw under the multidirectional load.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at:https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-03-2020-0097/
Technology jump in the industry: human–robot cooperation in production
Authors: Dobra Zoltan , Dhir Krishna S.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Recent years have seen a technological change, Industry 4.0, in the manufacturing industry. Human–robot cooperation, a new application, is increasing and facilitating collaboration without fences, cages or any kind of separation. The purpose of the paper is to review mainstream academic publications to evaluate the current status of human–robot cooperation and identify potential areas of further research.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review is offered that searches, appraises, synthetizes and analyses relevant works.

Findings

The authors report the prevailing status of human–robot collaboration, human factors, complexity/ programming, safety, collision avoidance, instructing the robot system and other aspects of human–robot collaboration.

Practical implications

This paper identifies new directions and potential research in practice of human–robot collaboration, such as measuring the degree of collaboration, integrating human–robot cooperation into teamwork theories, effective functional relocation of the robot and product design for human robot collaboration.

Originality/value

This paper will be useful for three cohorts of readers, namely, the manufacturers who require a baseline for development and deployment of robots; users of robots-seeking manufacturing advantage and researchers looking for new directions for further exploration of human–machine collaboration.
Women's expatriate careers: losing trust in organisational equality and diversity policy implementation?
Authors: Shortland Susan , Perkins Stephen J.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine how female expatriates interpret the effectiveness of practical implementation of equality/diversity policies, trusting this to support their expatriate careers.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional, qualitative research approach draws upon in-depth semi-structured interviews with 14 human resources equality/diversity policy implementers and 26 current female expatriates in two oil and gas firms.

Findings

Early-career stage female expatriates believe that equality/diversity policy implementation will support their international careers. At the most senior levels, women expatriates highlight unequal treatment breaching their trust in delivery of equality/diversity principles to support their expatriate career progression.

Research limitations/implications

Longitudinal research is needed to assess how early-career women expatriates' willingness to trust in organisational equality/diversity principles alters as their careers progress, and the effects of any changing trust relations on their contributions to organisational strategic objectives. Larger senior female expatriate samples are needed to research links between trust relations and turnover.

Practical implications

Organisations must weigh up benefits from using transparent expatriate selection processes versus less formal mechanisms, if informal processes are not to undermine espoused equality interventions. Unconscious bias training should form part of wide-ranging programmes to tackle discrimination. Senior managerial action with embedded accountability is needed.

Originality/value

Exploring the rhetoric and reality of equality/diversity policy implementation on women comprising a minority expatriate group, this research demonstrates women expatriates' early-career trust in gender equality falls away as they first recognise and then accept diminishing female expatriate senior grade representation and the implications for their expatriate careers. Should turnover result, this could detrimentally affect organisational expatriate gender diversity objectives.
What drives Generations Y and Z towards collaborative consumption adoption? Evidence from a post-communist environment
Authors: Ianole-Calin Rodica , Druica Elena , Hubona Geoffrey , Wu Bingyi
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This study aims to explore the relationship between different categories of motivation and the intention to engage in collaborative consumption (CC), using attitude as a mediator.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors extend an existing measurement scale focused on sustainability, enjoyment, reputation and economic benefits, as factors relevant in shaping how people perceive CC. The extension includes the role of personal beliefs and social relationships. The authors conduct a mediation analysis using partial least squares path modelling.

Findings

This study partially confirms existing literature: sustainability and enjoyment are positively related and statistically significant in predicting attitude towards CC, while only enjoyment impacts behavioural intention; attitude further impacts behavioural intention. Further, reputation and economic benefits positively and significantly impact attitude; economic benefits are not significant for behavioural intention in this study’s Romanian sample, but reputation is. Neither beliefs nor relationships are significantly associated with behavioural intention.

Originality/value

The authors investigate CC determinants in a post-communist economy, a novel setting for the development of sharing economy, as most studies focus on traditionally developed economies.
Transformational leadership, knowledge sharing, organizational climate and learning: an empirical study
Authors: Kim Eun-Jee , Park Sunyoung
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This study examined the relationships among transformational leadership, organizational climate, employees' knowledge-sharing behavior and organizational learning.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 282 responses from multiple companies in South Korea. Descriptive statistics and correlations were provided. The structural equation modeling was primarily used to test the proposed hypotheses and model comparisons.

Findings

The results indicated direct effects of transformational leadership on organizational climate, knowledge-sharing and organizational learning. In addition, organizational climate was positively related to knowledge-sharing behavior. Finally, knowledge-sharing behavior was found to affect organizational learning and to be a mediator in linking transformational leadership and organizational learning.

Research limitations/implications

This study contributes to the literature on the role of leader’s support to enhance employees' outcomes related to knowledge and learning. By investing different antecedents of organizational learning, this study will help scholars and professionals pay more attention to organizational learning, its process and outcomes, which can promote organizational effectiveness and next outcomes from organizational learning.

Practical implications

Organizations need to pay continuous attention to maintaining and strengthening employees’ knowledge-sharing behavior and learning, which is positively influenced by organizational efforts (i.e. leader’s support and supportive organizational climate).

Originality/value

The significance of this study is that the findings add to the academic work on organizational learning by empirically examining how leadership and organizational climate factors influence knowledge and learning outcomes and through which mechanisms.
Collaborative autoethnography: “self-reflection” as a timely alternative research approach during the global pandemic
Authors: Roy Rituparna , Uekusa Shinya
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The authors’ aim in this commentary is to critically assess the potential benefits and limitations of collaborative autoethnography (CAE) as a research tool to be used by qualitative researchers during this unprecedented, methodologically challenging time when physical isolation and distancing are the best strategies to prevent spread of the virus.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors probe into the potential of collaborative reflection on self-narrative as an alternative and perhaps timely research approach.

Findings

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered our experiences of conventional teaching, learning and research. It is a scholarly challenging time, particularly for qualitative researchers in the social sciences whose research involves data collection methods that require face-to-face human interactions. Due to the worldwide lockdowns, self-isolation and social distancing, qualitative researchers are encountering methodological difficulties in continuing with their empirical fieldwork. In such circumstances, researchers are exploring alternative methodological approaches, taking advantage of telecommunication and digital tools for remote data collection. However, the authors argue that qualitative researchers should consider utilizing self-narratives of their experiences during the pandemic as a rich source of qualitative data for further delving into the socioeconomic, political and cultural impacts of the pandemic.

Originality/value

The authors’ focus might be secondary in the minds of many social scientists who are directly contributing to our understanding of how the pandemic has upended communities. However, despite some limitations and ethical concerns, we urge qualitative researchers to embrace the potentials of CAE to study society, especially, but not only, in this unprecedented time.
Review on behavioral economics and behavioral finance
Authors: Wong Wing-Keung
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to give a brief review on behavioral economics and behavioral finance and discusses some of the previous research on agents' utility functions, applicable risk measures, diversification strategies and portfolio optimization.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors also cover related disciplines such as trading rules, contagion and various econometric aspects.

Findings

While scholars could first develop theoretical models in behavioral economics and behavioral finance, they subsequently may develop corresponding statistical and econometric models, this finally includes simulation studies to examine whether the estimators or statistics have good power and size. This all helps us to better understand financial and economic decision-making from a descriptive standpoint.

Originality/value

The research paper is original.
How to be functionally fluent during a crisis?
Authors: Sahai Vickram
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to provide leaders with language that can support them during crisis communication using the functional fluency model with positive 30 word descriptors or adjectives to improve their effectiveness with the right words.

Design/methodology/approach

The functional fluency model has nine modes of communication. Five of them aid in effective communication, while four bring about ineffective communication. Each of the modes have six word descriptors or adjectives to best describe a specific mode. Hence, out of total 54 adjectives, 30 are associated with positive ways of communication. Based on these 30 word descriptors, indicative sentences are framed for positive communication.

Findings

Leaders can effectively use word descriptors from the “fabulous five” modes of structuring, nurturing, accounting, cooperative and spontaneous to word their responses. Moreover, they can be mindful of the word descriptors related to the negative modes.

Research limitations/implications

The sentences framed against the word descriptors/adjectives are indicative. However, versions can be framed suited to a particular situation.

Practical implications

The word descriptors of the functional fluency model supports practitioners of crisis communication and leaders to be functionally fluent in a crisis.

Originality/value

Effective communication can be a struggle during a crisis. It is here that the functional fluency model with its 30 adjectives associated with positive modes can help leaders with appropriate expressions.
Closeness and distance: configurational practices for digital ambidexterity in the public sector
Authors: Magnusson Johan , Khisro Jwan , Björses Max , Ivarsson Aleksander
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to increase the current understanding of how public sector organizations dynamically balance exploration and exploitation of digital initiatives, i.e. the enactment of digital ambidexterity.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses Zimmermann, Raisch and Cardinal’s perspective of configurational practices for addressing the enactment of digital ambidexterity. The method comprises a qualitative, interpretative case study of a large municipality in Sweden, using both interviews and secondary data.

Findings

Through the perspective of configurational practices, the study identifies and describes a set of sub-practices that constitute the enactment of digital ambidexterity. This is then used for theorizing how configurational practices involve the balancing of closeness and distance.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited by being a single, non-longitudinal case of a Swedish municipality that has implications for generalizability and transferability. Moreover, it opens up for new perspectives to the future study of the enactment of ambidexterity in the public sector.

Practical implications

Organizations striving for digital ambidexterity are recommended to use the configurational approach to assess and design their governance to build ambidextrous capabilities through a combination of closeness and distance.

Social implications

This study is aimed at strengthening public sectors abilities for continued relevance for its stakeholders over time. With increased need for digital innovation within the public sector, the findings and recommendations derived from the study lead to increased innovation capability, which in turn is expected to lead to increased relevance of services.

Originality/value

To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that addresses how ambidexterity is enacted within the public sector following the configurational approach. As such, it opens up for new perspectives on organizational ambidexterity.
Wound, pressure ulcer and burn guidelines – 1: Guidelines for wounds in general, second edition
Authors: Hasegawa Minoru , Inoue Yuji , Kaneko Sakae , Kanoh Hiroyuki , Shintani Yoichi , Tsujita Jun , Fujita Hideki , Motegi Sei‐ichiro , Le Pavoux Andres , Asai Jun , Asano Yoshihide , Abe Masatoshi , Amano Masahiro , Ikegami Ryuta , Ishii Takayuki , Isei Taiki , Isogai Zenzo , Ito Takaaki , Irisawa Ryokichi , Iwata Yohei , Otsuka Masaki , Omoto Yoichi , Kato Hiroshi , Kadono Takafumi , Kawakami Tamihiro , Kawaguchi Masakazu , Kukino Ryuichi , Kono Takeshi , Koga Monji , kodera Masanari , SAKAI Keisuke , Sakurai Eiichi , Sarayama Yasuko , Tanioka Miki , Tanizaki Hideaki , Doi Naotaka , Nakanishi Takeshi , Hashimoto Akira , Hayashi Masahiro , Hirosaki Kuninori , Fujimoto Manabu , Fujiwara Hiroshi , Maekawa Takeo , Matsuo Koma , Madokoro Naoki , Yatsushiro Hiroshi , Yamasaki Osamu , Yoshino Yuichiro , Tachibana Takao , Ihn Hironobu
Published: July 2020

The Japanese Dermatological Association prepared the clinical guidelines for the “Wound, pressure ulcer and burn guidelines”, second edition, focusing on treatments. Among them, “Guidelines for wounds in general” is intended to provide the knowledge necessary to heal wounds, without focusing on particular disorders. It informs the basic principles of wound treatment, before explanations are provided in individual chapters of the guidelines. We updated all sections by collecting references published since the publication of the first edition. In particular, we included new wound dressings and topical medications. Additionally, we added “Question 6: How should wound‐related pain be considered, and what should be done to control it?” as a new section addressing wound pain, which was not included in the first edition.
Misoprostol for open myomectomy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised control trials
Authors: Wali S , Balfoussia D , Touqmatchi D , Quinn S
Published: July 2020

Background

Excessive blood loss is a significant risk of myomectomy with the potential need for hysterectomy.

Objective

To study the effectiveness of preoperative misoprostol compared with placebo at open myomectomy on intra‐ and postoperative outcomes.

Search strategy

PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, MEDLINE and EMBASE.

Selection criteria

Randomised control studies of women undergoing open myomectomy for symptomatic fibroids who were given either misoprostol or placebo preoperatively.

Data collection and analysis

The revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomised trials was used to assess the risk of bias. Primary outcomes were blood loss, drop in haemoglobin and need for blood transfusion. Secondary outcomes were operative time, postoperative pyrexia and length of postoperative stay. Pooled effect sizes with corresponding 95% CI were calculated using random effects models. Data were analysed using two statistical models for statistical reliability.

Results

Eight studies were included with a total of 385 patients, of which 192 received misoprostol. Preoperative misoprostol was significantly associated with lower blood loss by −170.32 ml (95% CI −201.53 to −139.10), lower drop in haemoglobin by −0.48 g/dl (95% CI −0.65 to −0.31), reduced need for blood transfusion (odds ratio [OR] −0.48, 95% CI −0.65 to −0.31), and a reduction in operative time by −11.64 minutes (95% CI −15.73 to −7.54). There was no difference in postoperative pyrexia or length of postoperative stay.

Conclusion

Moderate‐ to high‐quality studies have established that misoprostol minimises blood loss and need for blood transfusion at open myomectomy. This low‐cost and readily available drug should be routinely administered prior to open myomectomy to improve clinical outcomes.

Tweetable abstract

Use of misoprostol at open myomectomy reduces blood loss and need for blood transfusion with no impact on postoperative pyrexia.
Can Direct Payments Facilitate Agricultural Commercialisation: Evidence from a Transition Country
Authors: Kostov Philip , Davidova Sophia , Bailey Alastair , Gjokaj Ekrem , Halimi Kapllan
Published: July 2020

We investigate the impact of direct payments on agricultural commercialisation in Kosovo. Kosovo is one of the poorest countries in Europe but, with European assistance, provides substantial funds to support agriculture, made up of many small and often semi‐subsistence farms. Thus, the effect of this support is a central policy issue. Identifying the effect of direct payments on market participation faces endogeneity issues arising from the possible simultaneous determination of participation in support programmes and market participation. In order to achieve proper identification of the endogenous direct payments, we use a strategy of targeted identification search that employs several different methodological approaches. We find that direct payments for fruit and vegetables, and those for cereals and oilseeds have a positive effect on market participation. However, we cannot identify any definite effect of livestock payments.
Transcriptome studies of the floodwater mosquito, Aedes vexans (Diptera: Culicidae) with potential as secondary vectors using Illumina HiSeq 4,000 sequencing
Authors: Chung Jong Min , Park Jie Eun , Hwang Hee Ju , Sang Min Kyu , Min Hye Rin , Cho Hang Chul , Kang Se Won , Park So Young , Baliarsingh Snigdha , Park Hong Seog , Cha Sung‐Jae , Shin E. Hyun , Patnaik Bharat Bhusan , Lee Yong Seok
Published: July 2020

Aedes vexans is the inland floodwater mosquito widely distributed in every continent excepting Antarctica and South America. They are opportunistic feeders preferring blood meal of larger animals including cattle, horses, deer, and humans. Further, the mosquito species is a compatible vector of several diseases, including West Nile virus and dog heartworm. In this study, we performed transcriptome characterization of Ae. vexans using Illumina HiSeq 4,000 sequencing and assembly of sequenced reads using Trinity. A total of 55,813,852 raw read and 54,630,771 clean reads (97.88% of raw reads) were obtained after Illumina paired‐end sequencing and pre‐processing steps. After Trinity de novo assembly, TransDecoder and TGICL clustering, a total of 37,111 unigenes were obtained. Out of the total unigenes count, 28,733, 17,893, 14,626, and 17,055 showed homologous matches against the PANM, UniGene, SwissProt, and KOG databases. A total of 9,483 unigenes were assigned to Gene Ontology (GO) terms, and 3,741 unigenes were mapped to 483 KEGG pathways. The zinc finger (C2H2‐type), reverse transcriptase, integrase (catalytic core), protein kinase, and RNA recognition motif domain among others showed as the top InterProScan domains. The obtained datasets serves as a basis for future studies towards understanding ecology, metabolism, and parasitism potential of Ae. vexans.
Effect of marinating ingredients on temperature‐induced denaturation of hemoglobin and its relation to red blood spot formation in cooked chicken breast
Authors: Jantaranikorn Matthanee , Yongsawatdigul Jirawat
Published: July 2020

Red blood spot (RBS) commonly found in cooked chicken breast has caused severe economic loss as it is perceived as a sign of undercooked product. The objectives of this study were to investigate the cause of RBS as related to common ingredients used in marination, based on both chicken breast and isolated chicken hemoglobin (Hb) models. The effect of sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), and glucose on thermal denaturation of Hb was investigated along with the extent of RBS formation in cooked marinated chicken breast. After vacuum tumbling for 65 min and subsequent storage at 4 °C for 20 hr, STPP and glucose were not absorbed into the center of chicken breast. However, Na+was absorbed after 12 hr storage. The denaturation temperature (Td) of isolated chicken Hb decreased to 65.8 °C in the presence of 1.5 M NaCl, while that of the control was 69.4 °C. STPP at pH 9 decreased Tdof Hb to 61.4 °C. The alkaline pH induced by STPP destabilized the Hb structure. RBSs were observed at 100% incidence when cooked to core temperatures of 50 and 70 °C for 1 min. RBSs were completely eliminated at core temperature of 85 °C. The ingredients used during marination appeared to have a minimal effect on RBS formation due to their limited absorption into the chicken breast. The cooking temperature is a major factor governing RBSs, as it directly affects the denaturation of Hb.
The technique and accuracy of breast specimen ultrasound in achieving clear margins in breast conserving surgery
Authors: Perera Natalie , Bourke Anita G
Published: July 2020

Introduction

The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether breast specimen ultrasound (SUS) can reliably be used to confirm whether ultrasound (US) visible breast malignancies are excised with clear margins during breast‐conserving surgery (BCS), in order to avoid a second operation and recurrence.

Methods

A total of 95 consecutive participants with US visible malignancies, undergoing BCS, had the excised breast specimen transported to the radiology department intraoperatively. Breast SUS was used to confirm the presence of the lesion and measure the medial, lateral, superior and inferior margins. Margins < 10mm prompted a call to theatre to recommend an immediate cavity shave. The accuracy of the SUS technique in confirming the lesion is contained within the specimen, and the correlation of radial margins on US and histology was assessed retrospectively.

Results

Breast SUS had 100% accuracy in confirming the presence of 99 lesions. 384 corresponding US and invasive carcinoma histological margins were compared. A 10mm or greater margin on US has a sensitivity of 56% (95% CI 21–86), specificity of 93% (95% CI 90–95) and accuracy of 92% (95% CI 89–95) in predicting no ink on tumour histologically, with a positive predictive value of 16% (95% CI 5–34) and negative predictive value of 99% (95% CI 97–99%). The area under the curve was 0.746 (95% CI 0.572–0.921).

Conclusions

Breast SUS is a fast and reliable technique. Mammographically occult breast malignancies that are sonographically evident should undergo SUS to confirm the presence of the lesion and assess its macroscopic margins to avoid a re‐excision.
msocc: Fit and analyse computationally efficient multi‐scale occupancy models in r
Authors: Stratton Christian , Sepulveda Adam J. , Hoegh Andrew
Published: July 2020

Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling is a promising tool for the detection of rare and cryptic taxa, such as aquatic pathogens, parasites and invasive species. Environmental DNA sampling workflows commonly rely on multi‐stage hierarchical sampling designs that induce complicated dependencies within the data. This complex dependence structure can be intuitively modelled with Bayesian multi‐scale occupancy models. However, current software for such models are computationally demanding, impeding their use.

We present an r package, msocc, that implements a data augmentation strategy to fit fully Bayesian, computationally efficient multi‐scale occupancy models. The msocc package allows users to fit multi‐scale occupancy models, to estimate and visualize posterior summaries of site, sample and replicate‐level occupancy, and to compare different models using Bayesian information criterion. Additionally, we provide a supplemental web application that allows users to investigate study design for multi‐scale occupancy models and acts as a graphical user interface to the msocc package.

The utility of the msocc package is illustrated on a published dataset and the functions in msocc are compared to the primary Bayesian toolkit for multi‐scale occupancy modelling, eDNAoccupancy, using various computational benchmarks. These benchmarks indicate that msocc is capable of fitting models 50 times faster than eDNAoccupancy.

We hope that access to software that efficiently fits, analyses and conducts study design investigations for multi‐scale occupancy models facilitates their implementation by the research and wildlife management communities.
Kasumigaoka Apartments: The People Evicted Twice for the Tokyo Olympics
Authors: Mayumi Mori , Sand Jordan
Published: July 2020

This essay introduces the stories of four former residents of a municipal housing complex built in the late 1950s in central Tokyo. In the immediate aftermath of World War II, the interviewees and their families had found shelter in and around an abandoned Imperial Japanese Army base. After moving them into concrete housing blocks in order to hide their settlement prior to Tokyo's hosting of the Olympics in 1964, the city moved them again in preparation for the 2020 Olympics. Their stories reveal the ways that war and defeat left the city’s population to fend for themselves, as well as the long tug‐of‐war that ensued between the interests of settlers and those of the municipal and national governments.
A simple rule to describe interactions between visual categories
Authors: Poncet Marlene , Fabre‐Thorpe Michele , Chakravarthi Ramakrishna
Published: July 2020

Humans can rapidly categorise visual objects when presented in isolation. However, in everyday life we encounter multiple objects at the same time. Far less is known about how simultaneously active object representations interact. We examined such interactions by asking participants to categorise a target object at the basic (Experiment 1) or the superordinate (Experiment 2) level while the representation of another object was still active. We found that the “prime” object strongly modulated the response to the target implying that the prime's category was rapidly and automatically accessed, influencing subsequent categorical processing. Using drift diffusion modelling, we show that a prime, whose category is different from that of the target, interferes with target processing primarily during the evidence accumulation stage. This suggests that the state of category‐processing neurons is altered by an active representation and this modifies the processing of other categories. Interestingly, the strength of interference increases with the similarity between the distractor and the target category. Considering these results and previous studies, we propose a general principle that category interactions are determined by the distance from a distractor's representation to the target's task‐relevant categorical boundary. We argue that this principle arises from the specific architectural organisation of categories in the brain.