bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On non-forking spectra
Authors: Chernikov Artem , Kaplan Itay , Shelah Saharon
Published: November 2016

Non-forking is one of the most important notions in modern model theory capturing the idea of a generic extension of a type (which is a far-reaching generalization of the concept of a generic point of a variety).

To a countable first-order theory we associate its
non-forking spectrum
– a function of two cardinals

\kappa

and

\lambda

giving the supremum of the possible number of types over a model of size

\lambda

that do not fork over a sub-model of size

\kappa

. This is a natural generalization of the stability function of a theory.

We make progress towards classifying the non-forking spectra. On the one hand, we show that the possible values a non-forking spectrum may take are quite limited. On the other hand, we develop a general technique for constructing theories with a prescribed non-forking spectrum, thus giving a number of examples. In particular, we answer negatively a question of Adler whether NIP is equivalent to bounded non-forking.

In addition, we answer a question of Keisler regarding the number of cuts a linear order may have. Namely, we show that it is possible that ded

\kappa

< (ded

_\kappa) ^{\omega}

.
The Homotopy Type of Spaces of Polynomials with Bounded Multiplicity
Authors: Kozłowski Andrzej , Yamaguchi Kohhei
Published: November 2016

We study the homotopy type of the space of all monic polynomials of degree

d

in

\mathbb C[z]

without roots of multiplicity

≥ n

. In particular, for

n ≥ 3

we improve the homotopy stability dimension obtained in [5].
Incremental similarity and turbulence
Authors: Barndorff-Nielsen Ole Eiler , Hedevang E , Schmiegel Jurgen
Published: November 2016

В статье представлено математическое описание такого эмпирически наблюдаемого явления, как "подобие приращений". Это явление рассматривается с точки зрения теории случайных процессов. Приведен ряд
нетривиальных примеров, некоторые из которых возникают при моделировании турбулентности.
What do learners need to know about cinema? film as a learning tool in adult education
Authors: De Sousa Vanda
Published: November 2016

The author reflects upon the dominating culture of images in the today’s fragmented and globalised world. She examines the cinematographic text as a tool that can be used in the process of adult education, facilitating the education of the generations who, unlike younger generations, were not born into the world of images. The author argues that teaching and learning about cinema can represent a tool which enables individuals to acquire cinematographic literacy and discover their psychological, cultural and social selves. The author starts by examining the cinematographic text as a consequence of the technological evolution. She goes on to describe the evolution of the cinematographic text, emphasizing its grammar, syntax and semantics, while focusing on the advantage of the cinematographic text and language over other languages, since such text leads to free interpretation and learning. Finally, she discusses film as a teaching and/or learning tool that puts an end to the hermeneutics, reveals the other (not the self), and leads to the comprehension and construction of our individual, social and cultural identity.
Quasi 12 h inertia-gravity waves in the lower mesosphere observed by the PANSY radar at Syowa Station (39.6 °E, 69.0 °S)
Authors: Shibuya Ryosuke , Sato Kaoru , Tsutsumi Masaki , Sato Toru , Tomikawa Yoshihiro , Nishimura Koji , Kohma Masashi
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The first observations made by a complete PANSY radar system (Program of the Antarctic Syowa MST/IS Radar) installed at Syowa Station (39.6 °E, 69.0 °S) were successfully performed from March 16–24, 2015. Over this period, quasi-half-day period (12 h) disturbances in the lower mesosphere at heights of 70 km to 80 km were observed. Estimated vertical wavelengths, wave periods and vertical phase velocities of the disturbances were approximately 13.7 km, 12.3 h and −0.3 m s−1, respectively. Under the working hypothesis that such disturbances are attributable to inertia-gravity waves, wave parameters are estimated using a hodograph analysis. The estimated horizontal wavelengths are longer than 1100 km, and the wavenumber vectors tend to point northeastward or southwestward. Using the non-hydrostatic numerical model with a model top of 87 km, quasi 12 h disturbances in the mesosphere were successfully simulated. We show that quasi 12 h disturbances are due to wave-like disturbances with horizontal wavelengths longer than 1400 km and are not due to semi-diurnal migrating tides. Wave parameters, such as horizontal wavelengths, vertical wavelengths and wave periods, simulated by the model agree well with those estimated by the PANSY radar observations under the above-mentioned assumption. The parameters of the simulated waves are consistent with the dispersion relationship of the inertia-gravity wave. These results indicate that the quasi 12 h disturbances observed by the PANSY radar are attributable to large-scale inertia-gravity waves. By examining a residual of the nonlinear balance equation, it is inferred that the inertia-gravity waves are likely generated by the spontaneous radiation mechanism of two different jet streams. One is the mid-latitude tropospheric jet around the tropopause while the other is the polar night jet. Large vertical fluxes of zonal and meridional momentum associated with large-scale inertia-gravity waves are distributed across a slanted region from the mid-latitude lower stratosphere to the polar mesosphere in the meridional cross-section. Moreover, the vertical flux of the zonal momentum has a strong negative peak in the mesosphere, suggesting that some large-scale inertia-gravity waves originate in the upper stratosphere.
Modes of Vertical Thermodynamic and Wind Variability over the
Maritime Continent
Authors: Bukowski Jennie , Posselt Derek J. , Reid Jeffrey S. , Atwood Samuel A.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The Maritime Content (MC) is an exceedingly complex region, both from the perspective of its meteorology and its aerosol characteristics. Convection in the MC is ubiquitous, and assumes a wide variety of forms under the influence of an evolving large scale dynamic and thermodynamic context. Understanding the interaction between convective systems and their environment, both individually and in the aggregate, requires knowledge of the dominant patterns of spatial and temporal variability. To this end, radiosonde observations from 2008–2016 are examined from three sounding release sites within the MC for the purpose of exploring the dominant vertical temperature, humidity, and wind structures in the region. Principal Component Analysis is applied to the vertical atmospheric column to transform patterns present in radiosonde data into canonical thermodynamic and wind profiles for the MC. Both rotated and non-rotated principal components are considered, and the emerging structure functions reflect the fundamental vertical modes of short-term tropical variability. The results indicate that while there is tremendous spatial and temporal variability across the MC, the primary modes of vertical thermodynamic and wind variability in the region can be represented in a lower-dimensional subspace. In addition, the vertical structures are very similar among different sites around the region, though different structures may manifest more strongly at one location than another. The results indicate that, while very different meteorology may be found in various parts of the MC at any given time, the processes themselves are remarkably consistent. The ability to represent this variability using a limited number of structure functions facilitates analysis of co-variability between atmospheric structure and convective systems, and also enables future systematic model-based ensemble analysis of cloud development, convection, and precipitation over the MC.
A Possible Pathway for Rapid Growth of Sulfate during Haze Days in China
Authors: Li Guohui , Bei Naifang , Cao Junji , Huang Rujin , Wu Jiarui , Feng Tian , Wang Yichen , Liu Suixin , Zhang Qiang , Tie Xuexi , Molina Luisa
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Rapid industrialization and urbanization have caused frequent occurrence of haze in China during wintertime in recent years. The sulfate aerosol is one of the most important components of fine particles (PM2.5) in the atmosphere, contributing significantly to the haze formation. However, the heterogeneous formation mechanism of sulfate remains poorly characterized. Observed filter measurements of PM2.5, sulfate, and iron, and relative humidity in Xi'an, China have been employed to evaluate the mechanism and to develop a parameterization of the sulfate heterogeneous formation involving aerosol water for incorporation into atmospheric chemical transport models. Model simulations with the proposed parameterization can successfully reproduce the observed sulfate rapid growth and diurnal variations in Xi'an and Beijing, China. Reasonable representation of sulfate heterogeneous formation in chemical transport models considerably improves the PM2.5 simulations, providing the underlying basis for better understanding the haze formation and supporting the design and implementation of emission control strategies.
Technical Note: On the intercalibration of HIRS channel 12
brightness temperatures following the transition from HIRS 2 to
HIRS 3/4 for ice saturation studies
Authors: Gierens Klaus , Eleftheratos Kostas
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In the present study we explore the capability of the intercalibrated HIRS brightness temperature data at channel 12 (the HIRS water vapour channel; T12) to reproduce ice supersaturation in the upper troposphere during the period 1979–2014. Focus is given on the transition from the HIRS 2 to the HIRS 3 instrument in the year 1999, which involved a shift of the central wavelength in channel 12 from 6.7 µm to 6.5 µm. It is shown that this shift produced a discontinuity in the time series of low T12 values ( 70 %) in the year 1999 which prevented us from maintaining a continuous, long term time series of ice saturation throughout the whole record (1979–2014). We present that additional corrections are required to the low T12 values in order to bring HIRS 3 levels down to HIRS 2 levels. The new corrections are based on the cumulative distribution functions of T12 from NOAA 14 and 15 satellites (that is, when the transition from HIRS 2 to HIRS 3 occurred). By applying these corrections to the low T12 values we show that the discontinuity in the time series caused by the transition of HIRS 2 to HIRS 3 is not apparent anymore when it comes to calculate extreme UTHi cases. We come up with a new time series for values found at the low tail of the T12 distribution, which can be further exploited for analyses of ice saturation and supersaturation cases. The validity of the new method with respect to typical intercalibration methods such as regression-based methods is presented and discussed.
Analysis of variability of tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures
Authors: Davies Georgina , Cressie Noel
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Sea surface temperature (SST) in the Pacific Ocean is a key component of many global climate models and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. We shall analyse SST for the period November 1981–December 2014. To study the temporal variability of the ENSO phenomenon, we have selected a subregion of the tropical Pacific Ocean, namely the Niño 3.4 region, as it is thought to be the area where SST anomalies indicate most clearly ENSO's influence on the global atmosphere. SST anomalies, obtained by subtracting the appropriate monthly averages from the data, are the focus of the majority of previous analyses of the Pacific and other oceans' SSTs. Preliminary data analysis showed that not only Niño 3.4 spatial means but also Niño 3.4 spatial variances varied with month of the year. In this article, we conduct an analysis of the raw SST data and introduce diagnostic plots (here, plots of variability vs. central tendency). These plots show strong negative dependence between the spatial standard deviation and the spatial mean. Outliers are present, so we consider robust regression to obtain intercept and slope estimates for the 12 individual months and for all-months-combined. Based on this mean–standard deviation relationship, we define a variance-stabilizing transformation. On the transformed scale, we describe the Niño 3.4 SST time series with a statistical model that is linear, heteroskedastic, and dynamical.
A lab in the field: high-frequency analysis of water quality and stable isotopes in streamwater and precipitation
Authors: von Freyberg Jana , Studer Bjørn , Kirchner James W.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. High-frequency measurements of solutes and isotopes (18O and 2H) in rainfall and streamflow can shed important light on catchment flow pathways and travel times, but the workload and sample storage artifacts involved in collecting, transporting, and analyzing thousands of bottled samples severely constrain catchment studies where conventional sampling methods are employed. However, recent developments towards more compact and robust analyzers have now made it possible to measure chemistry and water isotopes in the field at sub-hourly frequencies over extended periods. Here we present laboratory and field tests of a membrane-vaporization continuous water sampler coupled to a cavity ring-down spectrometer for real-time measurements of δ18O and δ2H, combined with a dual-channel ion chromatograph (IC) for synchronous analysis of major cations and anions. The precision of the isotope analyzer was typically better than 0.03 ‰ for δ18O and 0.17 ‰ for δ2H, for 10 min average readings taken at intervals of 30 min. Carryover effects were less than 1.2 % between isotopically contrasting water samples for 30 min sampling intervals, and instrument drift could be corrected through periodic analysis of secondary reference standards. We tested the coupled isotope analyzer/IC system under field conditions by analyzing streamwater and precipitation every 30 min over 28 days in a small catchment. These high-frequency measurements facilitated a detailed comparison of event-water fractions via end-member mixing analysis with both chemical and isotope tracers. For two events with relatively dry antecedent moisture conditions, event-water fractions were
Research Trends on Natural Hazards, Disasters, Risk Reduction and
Climate Change in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Djalante Riyanti
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Indonesia is one of the most vulnerable countries from disasters and climate change. While there have been a proliferations of academic publications written on issues related to natural hazards, disasters and risk reduction, and climate change risk in Indonesia, there have not been any review done systematically to determine the progress, key topics discussed and which topics needed to be researched further. The author did a systematic literature review on related publications that are indexed within SCOPUS database with the timeline from 1900 to 2016. The findings are outlined in two parts. The first part focuses on the research topics. It is found that the publications can be categorized into three major topics of (1) natural hazard, risks and disaster assessments (HRD), (2) disaster risk reduction (DRR), and (3) climate change risks, vulnerability, impacts and adaptation (CC). More than half are on HRD, focusing on volcanic eruption, tsunami and earthquake. Research on DRR focuses on governance, recovery and reconstruction, early warning systems. Those on CC are mainly on emission reduction, forestry, governance, and impacts. The second part focuses on roles of Indonesian researchers and organizations in these researches. Findings show limited progress in research, publications and collaborations. International/non-Indonesian authors dominate the number of researchers and only half of the publications are co-authored by Indonesians. Moreover, international collaborations took place only by limited Indonesian organizations. This could be contributed by limited experiences on collaborations, power play amongst researchers, lack of capacity for research, weak English academic writings capacity, and lack of incentives for international collaborations and publications within the Indonesia higher education system.
Assessment of ripple effect and spatial heterogeneity of total losses in the capital of China after a great catastrophe shocks
Authors: Zhang Zhengtao , Li Ning , Xie Wei , Liu Yu , Feng Jieling , Chen Xi , Liu Li
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The total losses caused by natural disaster have spatial heterogeneity due to different economic development level inside the disaster-hit areas. This paper set the scenarios of direct economic loss to introduce the sectors' loss caused by 2008 Wenchuan earthquake into Beijing, utilized Adaptive Regional Input–Output (ARIO) model and Inter-regional ripple effect (IRRE) model. The purpose is to assess the ripple effects of indirect economic loss and spatial heterogeneity of both direct and indirect economic loss at the scale of smallest administrative divisions of China: streets/(villages and towns). The results indicate that the district of Beijing with the most severe indirect economic loss is Chaoyang district; Finance & Insurance industry (#15) of Chaowai Street suffers the most in Chaoyang district, which is 1.46 times of its direct economic loss. During 2008–2014, the average annual GDP growth rate of Beijing could be decreased 3.63 % affected by the catastrophe. Compared with the 8 % of GDP growth rate target, the decreasing GDP growth rate is a significant and noticeable economic impact, and it can be efficiently reduced by increasing rescue effort and priority supporting the industries which are located in the seriously damaged regions.
Regional Greenland Accumulation Variability from Operation IceBridge Airborne Accumulation Radar
Authors: Lewis Gabriel , Osterberg Erich , Hawley Robert , Whitmore Brian , Marshall Hans Peter
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) in a warming climate is of critical interest to scientists and the general public in the context of future sea-level rise. An improved understanding of temporal and spatial variability of snow accumulation will reduce uncertainties in GIS mass balance models and improve projections of Greenland's contribution to sea-level rise, currently estimated at 0.089 ± 0.03 m by 2100. Here we analyze 25 NASA Operation IceBridge Accumulation Radar flights totaling > 17 700 km from 2013–2014 to determine snow accumulation in the GIS dry snow and percolation zones over the past 100–300 years. IceBridge accumulation rates are calculated and used to validate accumulation rates from three regional climate models. Averaged over all 25 flights, the RMS difference between the models and IceBridge accumulation is between 0.037 ± 0.022 and 0.064 ± 0.033 m w.e. a−1, although each model shows significantly larger differences from IceBridge accumulation on a regional basis. In the central northern region, for example, the Regional Atmospheric Climate MOdel (RACMO2) underestimates by 26.9 ± 4.5 %, while in the southeast region the Modèle Atmosphérique Régional (MAR) overestimates by as much as 35.5 ± 6.8 %. Our results indicate that these regional differences between model and IceBridge accumulation are large enough to significantly alter GIS surface mass balance estimates. Empirical orthogonality function analysis suggests that the first two principal components account for 33 % and 18 % of the variance and correlate with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and wintertime North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), respectively. From 1976–2014 accumulation increased over most of the ice sheet's interior, consistent with the response to a positive AMO trend over this period. Regions that disagree strongest with climate models are those in which we have the fewest IceBridge data points, requiring additional in situ measurements to verify model uncertainties.
SEMIC: an efficient surface energy and mass balance model applied to the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Krapp Mario , Robinson Alexander , Ganopolski Andrey
Published: November 2016

Abstract. We present SEMIC, a Surface Energy and Mass balance model of Intermediate Complexity for snow and ice covered surfaces such as the Greenland ice sheet. SEMIC is fast enough for glacial cycle applications, making it a suitable replacement for simpler methods such as the positive degree day method often used in ice sheet modelling. Our model explicitly calculates the main processes involved in the surface energy and mass balance, while maintaining a simple interface and minimal data input to drive it. In this novel approach, we parameterise diurnal temperature variations in order to more realistically capture the daily thaw-freeze cycles that characterise the ice sheet mass balance. We show how to derive optimal model parameters for SEMIC to reproduce surface characteristics and day-to-day variations similar to the regional climate model MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional) and its incorporated multi-layer snowpack model. A validation test shows that SEMIC simulates future changes in surface temperature and surface mass balance in good agreement with the more sophisticated multi-layer snowpack model included in MAR. With this paper, we present a physically-based surface model to the ice sheet-modelling community that is computationally fast enough for long-term integrations, such as glacial cycles or future climate change scenarios.
Evaluation of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Anesthetized Dogs with Brachycephalic Syndrome
Authors: Shaver Stephanie L. , Barbur Laura A. , Jimenez David A. , Brainard Benjamin M. , Cornell Karen K. , Radlinsky MaryAnn G. , Schmiedt Chad W.
Published: November 2016

Brachycephalic airway syndrome may predispose to gastroesophageal reflux (GER) because of the high negative intrathoracic pressures required to overcome conformational partial upper airway obstruction. To investigate this, 20 dogs presenting for elective correction of brachycephalic airway syndrome (cases) and 20 non-brachycephalic dogs (controls) undergoing other elective surgeries were prospectively enrolled. Dogs underwent a standardized anesthetic protocol, and esophageal pH was monitored. Signalment, body weight, historical gastrointestinal and respiratory disease, complete blood count, serum biochemical values, radiographic findings, and anesthetic and surgical time were compared between cases and controls, and dogs that did and did not have basic (pH > 7.5), acidic (pH < 4), or any GER. Controls had higher mean esophageal pH (6.3) compared to cases (5.6, P = .019), but there was no difference in % with GER (cases 60%, controls 40%, P = .34). When all dogs were evaluated, dogs with GER had increased creatinine (P = .01), % positive for esophageal fluid on radiographs (P = .05), and body weight (P = .04) compared to those without GER. GER was common in both cases and controls, and cases had lower esophageal pH; however, greater numbers are required to determine if a true difference exists in % GER.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 8, No. 11
Authors: Grey Erica
Published: November 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 8, No. 11, 2016.
The Effects of Educational Tools in Reducing Code-Switching in Child Simultaneous Bilingual Education
Authors: Jalilian Sahar , Rahmatian Rouhollah , Safa Parivash , Letafati Roya
Published: November 2016

Simultaneous bilingual education of a child is a dynamic process. Construction of linguistic competences undeniably depends on the conditions of the linguistic environment of the child. This education in a monolingual family, requires the practice of parenting tactics to increase the frequency of the language use in minority, during which, code-switching prevents child from keeping the monolingual rhythm in the minority language. This case-study focuses on a 41 month-old girl whose only interactive source for the second language, i.e., French, is her non-native mother, since birth; Persian is the dominant social language. Seeking to promote language acquisition by offering several opportunities for the weaker language, “animation”, accessible in every house, is introduced as an audio-visual educational tool. This paper experiments the application of a parental method to see if this passive tool can be used to create interaction and communication, how effective can such a document be on child language development while limiting code-switching and minimal level of expression and thus analyzing language learning of a child being exposed to two languages in a monolingual social environment. This research aims to prove the effectiveness of cartoon as an educational tool in improving the quality of a minority language acquisition by designing age-adapted activities that have been tested earlier to educational goals by the mother-researcher on primary school children. All sessions of this experiment were subjected to an audio recording which allows meticulous observation and data evaluation.
A Distorted Mediation Landscape: Judicial Mediation in the Chinese Civil Courts
Authors: Chan Peter
Published: November 2016

A Distorted Mediation Landscape: Judicial Mediation in the Chinese Civil Courts

Mediation plays a critical role in the development of any civil justice system. The positive effects of mediation could only manifest if the process is protected in ways that allow parties to truly be able to choose what is best in their interests and explore options free from interference from anyone else. The Chinese legal culture, coupled with a systemic distortion of the function of mediation during the period between March 2008 and March 2013, made it very difficult to develop an authentic mediation system that places party autonomy and other core principles at the heart of the process. As much as the leaders of the Supreme People’s Court today are aware of the need to strengthen the courts role in declaring legal norms and enforcing rights, it is argued that courts (especially lower courts) are likely to continue to use judicial mediation for institutional or strategic purposes.
HER2 Testing and Clinical Decision Making in Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma: Guideline From the College of American Pathologists, American Society for Clinical Pathology, and American Society of Clinical Oncology
Authors: Bartley Angela N. , Washington Mary Kay , Ventura Christina B. , Ismaila Nofisat , Colasacco Carol , Benson Al B. , Carrato Alfredo , Gulley Margaret L. , Jain Dhanpat , Kakar Sanjay , Mackay Helen J. , Streutker Catherine , Tang Laura , Troxell Megan , Ajani Jaffer A.
Published: November 2016

Context.—

ERBB2 (erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 or HER2) is currently the only biomarker established for selection of a specific therapy for patients with advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA). However, there are no comprehensive guidelines for the assessment of HER2 in patients with GEA.

Objectives.—

To establish an evidence-based guideline for HER2 testing in patients with GEA, to formalize the algorithms for methods to improve the accuracy of HER2 testing while addressing which patients and tumor specimens are appropriate, and to provide guidance on clinical decision making.

Design.—

The College of American Pathologists, American Society for Clinical Pathology, and American Society of Clinical Oncology convened an expert panel to conduct a systematic review of the literature to develop an evidence-based guideline with recommendations for optimal HER2 testing in patients with GEA.

Results.—

The panel is proposing 11 recommendations with strong agreement from the open-comment participants.

Recommendations.—

The panel recommends that tumor specimen(s) from all patients with advanced GEA, who are candidates for HER2-targeted therapy, should be assessed for HER2 status before the initiation of HER2-targeted therapy. Clinicians should offer combination chemotherapy and a HER2-targeted agent as initial therapy for all patients with HER2-positive advanced GEA. For pathologists, guidance is provided for morphologic selection of neoplastic tissue, testing algorithms, scoring methods, interpretation and reporting of results, and laboratory quality assurance.

Conclusions.—

This guideline provides specific recommendations for assessment of HER2 in patients with advanced GEA while addressing pertinent technical issues and clinical implications of the results.
Profile of prosocial behaviors of institutionalized children at a school yard
Authors: Costa Débora Lisboa , Cavalcante Lília Iêda Chaves , Fonseca Bianca Reis
Published: November 2016

Prosocial behavior refers to actions directed to the welfare of the others and it is influenced by physical and social aspects of the environment. This study objected to investigate chiefly the occurrences of care behavior among institutionalized children. Four boys and one girl took part in this study, with ages between four and six years old, who were observed in the yard of the school. A total of ten sessions of twenty-five-minute were recorded for each focal subject, summing 250 minutes of recordings. At total, 26 behavioral events which denoted care with the others were identified and organized into the following categories: Helping, Care-taking playing, Establishing affectionate contact, and Entertaining. The results indicate that while participants are at the school yard, the most demonstrated behavior subcategory involves cooperation attitudes (Helping subcategory). The data also show that male focal subjects who were older than five years old and were at school for less than 15 months would emit more care behaviors. Concerning receivers, it was found that the girls who were studying at school, younger children and the ones who had less time in the institution received more prosocial behavior. It is expected that the results of this study may contribute to future researches while investigating prosocial behavior in educational settings, especially when they involve special populations, such as children who live in shelter institutions. Similarly, studies like this can encourage the development of (pedagogic-political and other) projects in institutions for children in order to stimulate prosocial behavior among peers.
Kaempferol promotes memory retention and density of hippocampal CA1 neurons in intra-cerebroventricular STZ-induced experimental AD model in Wistar rats
Authors: Darbandi Niloufar , Ramezani Matin , Khodagholi Fariba , Noori Mitra
Published: November 2016

Background. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disease which causes memory disorders, decreases cognitive functions and abilities, and results in behavioural changes. Some studies have indicated that the flavonoids are able to cross the blood–brain barrier and have a positive effect on the reduction of neuronal damage disorders in the brain such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Materials and Methods. ICV administration of streptozotocin (3 mg/kg) was done on the first and the third day of the surgery and the animals’ memory was evaluated through passive avoidance tasks. Animals were divided into five groups: Salin-Salin, STZ-Salin, and STZ- different kaempferol doses (5, 7/5, 10 mg/kg). All animals received different doses of kaempferol or saline for 3 weeks starting one day before the surgery. Later, they were put into a learning test. After the memory test, the animals were killed and their brains were fixed with Paraformaldehyde 4%, and tissue processing was done. Finally, density of intact neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus in the brains of all groups was investigated.
Results. The ICV injections of STZ significantly reduced memory retention and intact pyramidal cells compared to the control group. The kaempferol improved the effects of STZ.
Conclusion. Our findings show that kaempferol can optimize cognitive deficits caused by injections of STZ and also has some useful impacts on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.
Tekstpragmatik. En kritisk vurdering af nogle principielle og praktiske tilgange til tekstbeskrivelsen, med ansatser til et alternativ
Authors: Harder Peter
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Normer och språknormer. Några grundläggande tankar
Authors: Gloy Klaus
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Språknämndernas roll i normbildingen
Authors: Reuter Mikael
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Logopedien og den rolle den spelar i den bevisste språklige normdanning
Authors: Slinde Solveig
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Hvordan fremtræder den sproglige norm gennem undervisningsplaner og -materialer?
Authors: Schiødt Hans Jørgen
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Språknormer og språknormering i den dansk-, norsk- og svenskspråklige skolen: Et jamføring og et utblikk til situasjonen ellers i samfundet
Authors: Wiggen Geirr
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
The Extended Standard Theory. A presentation with reference to topicalization in Danish
Authors: Sørensen Finn
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Alvar Ellegård: Sproget og hjernen
Authors: Hermann Jesper
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Topologi og syntaks. En revision af Paul Diderichsens sætningsskema
Authors: Heltoft Lars
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Paul Diderichsens sætningsskema og den nordiske syntaksforskning. Nogle centrale problemstillinger
Authors: Larsen Erik Vive
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Sætningsleddene og deres stilling - nogle år før - og flere år efter
Authors: Henriksen Carol
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
På tur i talens sprog
Authors: Steensig Jakob
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Uhøfligt direkte eller udemokratisk indirekte
Authors: Henriksen Berit Heer
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Kolofon og indholdsfortegnelse
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Hvor dansk?
Authors: Gregersen Frans
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Om tekstanalyse - 25 år efter
Authors: Jansen Steen
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Erik Møller: Mundtlig fortælling - fortællingens struktur og funktion i uformel tale
Authors: Togeby Ole
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Jørn Lund: - Med sproget som indsats
Authors: Pedersen Inge Lise
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
To bidrag til beskrivelsen af "non-realis" i dansk
Authors: Hansen Erik , Larsen Peter Harms
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Om sammenhængen mellem eksplikative ledsætninger og determinative relativsætninger
Authors: Larsen Peter Harms
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Mobilitet og sprogforandring
Authors: Monka Malene
Published: November 2016

Denne artikel beskæftiger sig med sammenhænge mellem mobilitet og sprogforandring i retning af mere standardnær sprogbrug. Hidtidige undersøgelser har kun haft adgang til optagelser med informanter, efter de har bevæget sig geografisk og socialt. Derfor kan de ikke give svar på, om årsagen til at de mobile informanter bruger færre lokale varianter end ikke-mobile informanter er, at de har bevæget sig geografisk og socialt, eller om de allerede brugte færre lokale varianter, før de flyttede. I artiklen præsenteres resultatet af den første undersøgelse, der har haft adgang til gamle og nye optagelser med de samme informanter. Undersøgelsen omfatter to grupper af informanter, én gruppe der har været geografisk og socialt mobil, og én der er blevet boende. Undersøgelsen er baseret på kvantitative analyser af udvalgte sprogtræk og kvalitative analyser af forhold knyttet til informanternes livshistorie og det sted, de er vokset op. Undersøgelsen viser, at de mobile informanter allerede som børn markerer sig sprogligt anderledes og benytter færre lokale varianter end de bofaste informanter. Ved at inddrage informanter fra tre forskellige dialektområder viser det sig, at sammenhænge mellem mobilitet og sprogforandring er mere komplekse end som så og blandt andet hænger sammen med det sted, informanterne kommer fra.
Passive voice should be avoided – or should it?
Authors: Ingemansson Julie Meyer , Jensen Torben Juel
Published: November 2016

Numerous language campaigns in Denmark have tried to regulate the written language use of public employees, and the focus has generally been on certain pieces of ‘good advice’, such as ‘avoid passives’. However, the effect of these recommendations on the receivers of administrative texts produced by public employees has never been assessed empirically in any satisfactory way. This article presents a method to investigate the effect (or lack thereof) of passives on readers’ comprehension of and attitudes towards letters from the public sector. In a between-subject design, two groups of 10 participants read the same letters in two versions: a version with many passives and a version without passives. The results suggest that passives have no effect on the degree of comprehension of the letters, and only a limited effect on the readers’ attitudes towards the text, with perceived ‘personalness’ as an exception. The results also show that people without higher education have a lower degree of comprehension of the letters than people who have attended higher education. The article is concluded by an assessment of the experimental design and a discussion of factors that might influence the results, such as the type of passive used, the context and subject matter of the texts. We argue that the method is valid and can be used to establish an empirical basis from which it is possible to provide advice on language use that takes the receiver’s perspective into consideration. In particular, we argue that the recommendation commonly found in language campaigns that passives should be avoided is not a particularly relevant piece of advice, or at least one that needs to be presented in a considerably more nuanced way than it usually is.
Pia Jarvad: Nye ord - hvorfor og hvordan?
Authors: Gudiksen Asgerd
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Valgfrihet i skriftnormalene - en fordel eller en ulempe
Authors: Hoel Trude
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Hvad kan vi lære af Frankrig - eller jagten på en dansk sprogpolitik
Authors: Bakmand Bente
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Kan man ligge i et mentalt rum
Authors: Jensen Torben Juel
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Min kusine har haft hest - hun er også kommet af med den igen!
Authors: Thestrup Merle
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Medieundervisning i de gymnasiale uddannelser
Authors: Poulsen Henrik
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Å lære seg å skrive og snakke / Å lære ved å skrive og snakke. Anmeldelse af M. Juul Jensen et al.: Når sproget vokser. En undersøgelse af kvalifikations- og dannelsesmål i skriftlig og mundtlig dansk i et tre-årigt forsøgsprojekt i fem gymnasieklasser.
Authors: Berge Kjell Lars
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Indfødte dansktalendes vurdering af unges andetsprogsdanske talesprog
Authors: Quist Pia , Jørgensen Jens Normann
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Sproglig og litterær tekstlæsning
Authors: Brandt-Pedersen Finn
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Pipelines og pipelining - et forsøg på at forklare afsnitskohærens
Authors: Ulbæk Ib
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Hvem taler? - om verbal parodiering
Authors: Beck-Nielsen Søren
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Henrik Galberg Jacobsen og Henrik Jørgensen (red.): Erik Hansen. Glæden ved grammatik. Udvalgte artikler og afhandlinger
Authors: Jakobsen Lisbeth Falster
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Kodeskrift - en overset kompetence i sprogtilegnelsen?
Authors: Arnfast Juni Söderberg
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
"Vi skal holde sammen i Danmark - og i verden" - en systemisk funktionel kommunikationsanalyse
Authors: Smedegaard Flemming
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Hvad er sprog i virkeligheden? - strukturalisme eller integrationisme
Authors: Damm Bjarke
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Multietnolekt - del af stilistiske praksisser i storbyen
Authors: Quist Pia
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
Følelser og sprog - den verbale manifestation af følelser i sproglig interaktion
Authors: Jensen Thomas Wiben
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
Når fortælling bliver til argumentation
Authors: Christensen Eva
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
Definition af citater i talesprog
Authors: Rathje Marianne
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
Asgerd Gudiksen, Henrik Hovmark, Pia Quist, Jann Scheuer og Iben Stampe Sletten (red.).: Dialektforskning i 100 år
Authors: Brodersen Randi Benedikte
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Ordbrug og udtaleforandringer
Authors: Pharao Nicolai
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
Nytter det? - Om de tekstlige effekter af sprogpolitiske projekter i offentlige institutioner
Authors: Kjærgaard Anne
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
Niels Møller Nielsen: Argumenter i kontekst: Introduktion til pragmatisk argumentationsanalyse
Authors: Widell Peter
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Accountability som gearing af sproget
Authors: Scheuer Jann
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
Komplekse relationelle enheder i dansk retskrivning
Authors: Becker-Christensen Christian
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
Rammesætningen som typificeret handling i nyhedsanalysen
Authors: Borchmann Simon
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
Replik til Kirsten Rasks anmeldelse af RO 2012 (bragt i NyS 44)
Authors: Jervelund Anita Ågerup , Jensen Jørgen Nørby
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Forord
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel]
Tale er tale; skrift er skrift. Om skriftsproget i de nye medier
Authors: Jensen Eva Skafte
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel]
Grammatikken i baggrunden – opmærksomhed under læsning
Authors: Vinther Nicoline Munck , Boye Kasper , Kristensen Line Burholt
Published: November 2016

This article reports on a psycholinguistic study of two sets of linguistic mechanisms that are employed by language users to signal the intended prioritization of attention within complex messages: focus and the lexicon-grammar contrast. The study is one of the first experimental studies of the lexicon-grammar contrast which is theoretically anchored and not merely based on an intuition-based understanding of grammar. The focus of a sentence is indicated by means of focus markers, e.g. cleft constructions and focus particles. There is a general consensus, supported by experimental results, that focus is involved in the above-mentioned form of prioritization. On the other hand, the lexicon-grammar contrast has only recently been related to prioritization of attention. A recent theory of grammar (Boye and Harder 2012) suggests that grammatical elements, such as auxiliaries and articles, are low-priority items that only serve an ancillary purpose. The reported study is centered on a letter detection task with 84 Danish participants, in which structural status (lexical vs. grammatical) and focal status (focus vs. non-focus) of elements were manipulated. While the focus manipulation did not affect error detection rates, structural status (as defined by Boye and Harder 2012) did: Grammatical elements attracted less attention (generated significantly more detection errors) than their lexical counterparts. A post hoc mixed model analysis also showed a significant interaction between focal and structural status, but the robustness and exact nature of this interaction effect is a question for future research.
One syllable, two points of view – Danish children’s acquisition of dialogic particles
Authors: Thomsen Ditte Boeg
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel]
Introduktion til sociolingvistikken
Authors: Larsen Mogens Baumann
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Tanke, følelse og sprog
Authors: Andersen Stig
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Sproget i folkeskolens lærebøger. Nogle overvejelser over beskrivelsesproblemer
Authors: Hjorth Poul Lindegård
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Verifikations- og falsifikationsproblemer i sprogbrugsbeskrivelsen
Authors: Togeby Ole
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
En studie i begrebet sætningsrealitet
Authors: Glismann Otto
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Pragmatik og linvistik. En videnskabshistorisk skitse
Authors: Wille Niels Erik
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Antidepressant Drug Treatment in Association with Multiple Sclerosis Disease-Modifying Therapy
Authors: Mirsky Matthew M. , Marrie Ruth Ann , Rae-Grant Alexander
Published: November 2016

Background: The Explorys Enterprise Performance Management (EPM) database contains de-identified clinical data for 50 million patients. Multiple sclerosis (MS) disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), specifically interferon beta (IFNβ) treatments, may potentiate depression. Conflicting data have emerged, and a large-scale claims-based study by Patten et al. did not support such an association. This study compares the results of Patten et al. with those using the EPM database.

Methods: “Power searches” were built to test the relationship between antidepressant drug use and DMT in the MS population. Searches were built to produce a cohort of individuals diagnosed as having MS in the past 3 years taking a specific DMT who were then given any antidepressant drug. The antidepressant drug therapy prevalence was tested in the MS population on the following DMTs: IFNβ-1a, IFNβ-1b, combined IFNβ, glatiramer acetate, natalizumab, fingolimod, and dimethyl fumarate.

Results: In patients with MS, the rate of antidepressant drug use in those receiving DMTs was 40.60% to 44.57%. The rate of antidepressant drug use for combined IFNβ DMTs was 41.61% (males: 31.25%–39.62%; females: 43.10%–47.33%). Antidepressant drug use peaked in the group aged 45 to 54 years for five of six DMTs.

Conclusions: We found no association between IFNβ treatment and antidepressant drug use in the MS population compared with other DMTs. The EPM database has been validated against the Patten et al. data for future use in the MS population.