bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Pulsed Electric Field for the Inactivation of Eupenicillium Javanicum Ascospores in Pineapple Juice
Authors: Evelyn  , Chairul  , Komalasari  , Pebrianti E , Vazirani W
Published: November 2021

Heat resistant molds are principle spoilage agents in foods and beverages with low acidity. The main objective of this work was to investigate the effect of 65 kV/cm PEF on the log reductions of Eupenicillium javanicum ascospores in 10–30°Brix pineapple juice as well as the modelling. Then, the first-order and Weibull parameters of the 65 kV/cm PEF inactivation of E. javanicum ascospores was estimated and compared. Further, the effect of PEF in combination with ultraviolet (UV) light treatment on the log reductions of E. javanicum ascospores was studied. Decreasing the soluble solid content of the juice from 30 to 10°Brix for 11.3 pulses increased the spore inactivation in pineapple juice by 2.7 log. A pulse number of 16 would be required by the 65 kV/cm PEF to achieve a 5-log reduction in juice. The Weibull model described spore inactivation by pulsed electric field. The estimated b-values for the 65 kV/cm PEF were 0.673 at 10°Brix, 0.041 at 20°Brix and 0.010 at 30°Brix, with n-values between 0.73 and 2.08. Although the combination of the PEF and UV light resulted in a slightly greater microbial inactivation, however two hurdles were not suggested. The results of this study confirmed the advantage of PEF technology for the inactivation of E. javanicum ascospores in pineapple juice.
Potential of Bacillus cereus SN7 as a Single Cell Protein Source
Authors: Feliatra F , Mardalisa M , Mukti P R , Feliatra V A , Effendi I
Published: November 2021

Single-cell protein (SCP) is a protein source produced from single-cell organisms, one of which is bacteria. Bacillus cereus SN7 is a potential isolate from a group of heterotrophic bacteria that has been isolated from the mouth of the Siak River, Riau Province, Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the potential of B. cereus SN7 bacteria using different growth media. The method used is an experimental method using Bacillus cereus SN7 bacterial isolate with different protein sources (eggs and skim milk) at different concentrations (8%, 10%, and 12%). All of treatments used the same carbohydrate source, Sago with 3 replications in each treatment. Measurement of bacterial culture growth was carried out every 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours based on the total plate count (TPC) method and bacterial cell biomass. The result show that the most optimal growth potential for Bacillus cereus SN7 bacteria is sago media added with 12% egg white as a protein source. This data have the same results as growth in commercial culture media (control). The growth of Bacillus cereus SN7 isolates in each treatment medium had almost the same growth pattern at the beginning, which experienced an exponential phase at 6 to 12 hours of incubation time. Meanwhile, in milk sago media, the average growth was not very good because the exponential and stationary phases were shorter.
Decolorization Assay of the Anthraquinone Dye Acid Blue 25 by Trichoderma asperellum LBKURCC1 Crude Laccase Extracts
Authors: Ifriadi Raja , Miranti  , Nurulita Yuana , Dahliaty Andi , Yanti  , Nugroho Titania T
Published: November 2021

One major concern of the textile industry waste is the health hazard imposed by textile dye waste effluents. Anthraquinone dyes are the second largest group of dyes produced and used annually worldwide, that is difficult to degrade naturally. Biological methods using enzymes for waste treatment is gaining popularity due to its eco-friendliness. Laccase is an enzyme with potential to degrade textile dyes, due to its wide ability to oxidize a wide range of substrates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of T. asperellum LBKURCC1 laccase crude extract to decolorize the anthraquinone anionic dye Acid Blue 25 (AB25). A solution of 50 ppm AB25, pH 5.5, was treated with T. asperellum LBKURCC1 laccase crude extract and incubated at room temperature. Absorbance of the solution at 603 nm was measured daily and compared to buffer and heat denatured enzyme controls. No decolorization of AB25 was observed up to 6 days incubation in the enzyme treated samples, as well as the controls. Addition of 0.1 to 5 mM of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HBT) to the decolorization assay did not succeed in mediating the redox reaction of AB25 oxidation by the T. asperellum LBKURCC1 laccase.
Operating Mode Effect on Lipids Production from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa: Modelling and Simulation Trends
Authors: Cardozo L , Duran K , Gelves G
Published: November 2021

A sustainable alternative for fossil fuels substitution is the production of biodiesel from natural lipids. Mainly, such oil used is in the form of triglycerides and is characterized by being potentially renewable, non-toxic, and biodegradable, thus making it a sustainable product. For producing such biofuel, yeast oil is one of the most viable and currently known options, obtaining theoretically optimal results. In this article, kinetic parameters from the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa will simulate lipid accumulation capacity based on different bioreactor operating modes. Likewise, The Matlab software is used to simulate batch and continuous operating modes to establish comparisons between the productions obtained and their respective yields. The results obtained for the batch mode were: 14 g/L for the growth of biomass and an estimate of 0.22 g/g for lipid production. Likewise, for the continuous mode, its results were: 19 g/L for biomass growth and a value of 0.30 g/g in lipid production. The simulated results in continuous mode would demonstrate the effectiveness of its implementation since a more significant lipid accumulation is reached.
The 3rd International Scientific and Practical Conference on Mathematical Modeling, Programming and Applied Mathematics (Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Russian Federation)
Authors: Eminov S I
Published: November 2021

At the Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University on September 6-7, 2021, the International Scientific and Practical Conference "Mathematical Modeling, Programming, and Applied Mathematics" was held for the third time. Major scientists from Moscow and St. Petersburg, Kazan and Stavropol, Tver and Donetsk as well as other cities submitted their applications and articles.

List of International Program Committee, Organizing Committee, Editorial Committee, Organizing Institution are available in this pdf.
Evaluating the impact of excavator bucket capacity on the output of a haul truck in different variants of their positioning
Authors: Aksenov V V , Dubinkin D M , Khoreshok A A , Markov S O , Efremenkov A B , Tyulenev M A
Published: November 2021

When studying the influence of excavator bucket capacity on haul truck loading time, it is necessary to assess the technical and economic performance of the complex. If the cost of the machine shift of the complex will not cover the increase in productivity, then it is inexpedient to use this complex. This issue requires further, more detailed study and performance of detailed technical and economic analysis. Also, it is necessary to consider classical recommendations about ratio of excavator bucket capacity and haul truck body. It should be noted that at present, there is a significant divergence in the size range of excavators: powerful, with a large capacity bucket, rope shovels are used for mining the coalless zone; small maneuverable hydraulic shovels – for mining the coal-bearing zone. In this paper, we will try to combine the first and the second: consider hydraulic excavators with maximum bucket capacity, which is reasonable to use when mining overburden. In addition, a detailed study of the options of mutual arrangement of excavator and haul truck has not been performed until recently, this work is intended to fill this gap.
Investigation of the mathematical model of the knife of geokhod executive body interaction with the bottomhole rock
Authors: Aksenov V V , Efremenkov A B , Sadovets V Yu , Pashkov DA
Published: November 2021

The article presents the relevance of the research. The features of the work of the executive body of geokhod are given. A previously developed mathematical model for determining the power and energy parameters of the interaction of the knife executive body of the geokhod with the face rock is presented. On the basis of the model, a study was carried out of the influence of the pitch of the external mover on the power and energy parameters of the interaction of the knife executive body of the geokhod with the bottomhole rock. As a result of the study, it was found that the power parameters increase with increase in the step of the external mover, and the energy parameters decrease.
Neurotechnology and VR. Compatibility and risks
Authors: Burtseva D Ya , Lukov M Yu , Mendeleev E A , Kiselev V A , Petrov R V
Published: November 2021

Over the past century, technology has tightly entered our daily lives, penetrating into all spheres of society. Developing, they are increasingly changing our usual world and lifestyle. One of these technologies is virtual reality systems and neurotechnologies, in connection with which this article is devoted to them. In particular, this work provides information about neurotechnologies and virtual reality. The associated risks arising from the use of these technologies are considered. The principle of interaction between neurogarnituresand virtual reality is given.
Notes about symmetric m-adic complexity of generalized cyclotomic sequences of order two with period pq
Authors: Edemskiy V A , Garbar S V
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we consider binary generalized cyclotomic sequences with period pq, where p and q are two distinct odd primes. These sequences derive from generalized cyclotomic classes of order two modulo pq. We investigate the generalized binary cyclotomic sequences as the sequences over the ring of integers modulo m for a positive integer m and study m-adic complexity of sequences. We show that they have high symmetric m-adic complexity. Our results generalize well-known statements about 2-adic complexity of these sequences.
Molecular structure, enthalpies of formation and dissociation energies of the O – N bond for a number of aliphatic nitrates and nitrites
Authors: Egorov D L , Khrapkovskii G M
Published: November 2021

The optimal conformations of nitrates and nitrites of aliphatic alcohols C1-C4, as well as radicals formed during homolytic cleavage of O-NO2 and O-NO bonds were determined using the multistep (composite) method G4, as well as a large number of different density functional (DDF) methods and basis sets. The enthalpies of formation and dissociation energies of breaking bonds were calculated for the studied compounds. Comparison with the available experimental data shows that the best agreement with experiment is achieved when using the G4 method. In this case, the error in the enthalpies of formation does not exceed 1 kcal/mol. The paper also discusses the features of the influence of the molecular structure on the change in the series of enthalpies of formation and dissociation energies.
Electrical characteristics of silicon differential photoreceivers
Authors: Gavrushko V V , Ionov A S , Kadriev O R , Lastkin V A
Published: November 2021

The volt-ampere curve of silicon differential photodiodes were measured. It was found that the current-voltage curve of the photodiodes of the main and additional channels had a similar shape, without revealing a significant dependence on the implantation dose of the additional channel. The main parameters of the equivalent circuits of photodiodes are determined. In the reverse branch, the dominant impact was exerted by the surface leakage conductivity with a differential resistance of about 10 GΩ. Measurements from minus 60 °C to 60 °C showed that when using amplifiers with an input impedance of about 103 Ω, differential photoreceivers can be successfully used as selective short-wavelength and two-color ones.
Computer simulation of adapting the object image selection method to video surveillance conditions
Authors: Kornyshev N P , Serebrjakov D A
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the issues of computer modeling of methods for selecting images of objects against a non-uniform background. A test video sequence with given background and object parameters is considered, which provides imitation of one of the special cases of video surveillance conditions, namely, the convergence of the video surveillance point and the object. The issues of adaptation of the compensation selection method to the specified conditions of video surveillance are discussed. Examples of test images and graphs of dependences of the probability of correct determination of coordinates depending on the value of the local contrast of the object in relation to the background, obtained by computer simulation are given.
Application of magnetoelectric sensors in biomedicine
Authors: Leontiev V S , Lobekin V N , Saplev A F , Zueva E A , Ivasheva E E , Bichurin M I
Published: November 2021

The prospects of applying highly sensitive magnetic field sensors based on the magnetoelectric effect in biomedicine are discussed in this paper. When developing highly sensitive magnetic field sensors, it is necessary to take into account the magnitude of the equivalent magnetic noise, as well as the mass and size dimensions and ease of use of the system that the sensor is included in. One of the most relevant areas discussed in the article is the application of magnetoelectric magnetic field sensors for magnetocardiography, magnetoencephalography, etc. These methods are non-invasive, have high sensitivity and are easy to use. They also have wide opportunities in detecting weak biomagnetic signals when examining the state of the human body and providing the necessary assistance.
Magnetoelectric gradient structures
Authors: Nikitin A O , Petrov R V
Published: November 2021

This work is a comprehensive theoretical study of a new class of structures – magnetoelectric gradient structures, which are a product of the integration of magnetoelectric mutliferroic layered structures and an artificial dielectric. In this paper, a mathematical model of the behaviour of a layered multiferroic structure in inhomogeneous electric and magnetic fields is built on the basis of solving Maxwell’s equations, taken in the magnetostatic approximation, and the equation of motion of the magnetization. Based on the constructed mathematical model, the influence on the spectrum of eigenwaves of stationary magnetic and electric fields, as well as the values of the dielectric constant of an artificial dielectric layer, are analysed. The results of the study confirm the possibility of designing a new class of electronically controlled microwave devices with a triple control mechanism: magnetic field – electric field – artificial distribution of dielectric constant.
The study of the Metglas/GaAs/Metglas magnetostrictive-piezo-semiconductive structure for practical application
Authors: Petrov D A , Leontiev V S , Semenov G A , Ivanov S N , Sokolov O V , Kozonov A Iu , Syrovarova K A , Semenova K V , Bichurin M I
Published: November 2021

The results of the samples study of the magnetostrictive-piezo-conductive structure based on Metglas/GaAs/Metglas with different geometric dimensions are presented in this article. The sizes of the studied samples were 10.2x5 2x0.63 mm; 15.2x5.1x0 63 mm; 20.1x5. 2x0.63 mm - with epitaxial layers on a gallium arsenide (GaAs) plate and 15.2x5.1x0.62 mm - without epitaxial layers. The obtained results confirm the initial theoretical calculations of the observation of the maximum magnetoelectric effect in the plane of the GaAs (100) plate with the orientation of the long side of the sample along the crystallographic direction [011]. The maximum αME was observed in a sample with dimensions of 15.2x5.1x0.62 mm without epitaxial layers and was equal to αME = 54.19 V/(cm·Oe) at the resonance frequency RF = 145.8 kHz. In conclusion, the prospects for practical application of a design based on the Metglas/GaAs/Metglas magnetostrictive-piezo-semiconductive structure as a magnetoelectric resistor, a magnetoelectric diode and a magnetoelectric transistor are given.
Practical experience condition diagnosis gained from oil-immersed power transformers voltage class 10 kV
Authors: Petrova S Yu
Published: November 2021

Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) for oil samples has been the most widely used diagnosis tool for transformer condition assessment for many years. However, DGA use to oil-filled transformers with a voltage class up to 100 kV. The aim of this paper is to address the issue of DGA interpretation to oil-filled transformers with a voltage class of 10 kV. This paper will present DGA tests results from 57 power transformers and will propose a maintenance decision making procedure using the IEC 60599-2015 Ratio Method, IEEE Std C57.104-2008 include Dornenberg Ratio Method and Rogers Ratio Method, and Russian Std CTO 56947007-29.180.010.094-2011 and Russian Std RD 153-34.0-46.302-00.
Triple graphite nitrate cointercalation compounds with acetic acid as precursors for thermally expanded graphite and carbon nanoparticles
Authors: Raksha E V , Davydova A A , Volkova G K , Oskolkova O N , Sukhov P V , Gnatovskaja V V , Glazunova V A , Burkhovetskij V V , Berestneva Yu V , Kartashynska E S , Savoskin M V
Published: November 2021

Triple graphite nitrate cointercalation compounds (GNCCs) with acetic acid were synthesized, characterized by powder XRD and SEM methods, and used as a source of the thermally expanded graphite (TEG). Structural reorganization of graphite nitrate-acetate and triple GNCCs with acetic acid as a result of their exposition in air is discussed on the base of powder XRD data. Dispersions of carbon nanoparticles were prepared by liquid phase exfoliation of TEGs obtained from the GNCCs. It was demonstrated by TEM method that using of the studied TEGs as a source of carbon nanoparticles favours formation of few-layered graphene.
Integral equations of a rectilinear ribbon vibrator near a perfectly conducting infinite screen
Authors: Sochilin A V , Eminov S I
Published: November 2021

The problem of excitation of a rectilinear ribbon vibrator near a perfectly conducting infinite screen is considered. A general equation, a two-dimensional integral equation, and a one-dimensional integral equation with respect to the current density are obtained. The results of numerical calculations are presented.
Comparative theoretical study of the resonance frequencies of the longitudinal-shear and torsion modes of the magnetoelectric effect in a two-layer magnetostrictive-piezoelectric structure Metglas / GaAs
Authors: Sokolov O V , Bichurin M I , Leontiev V S
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to a comparative theoretical study of the frequencies of the electromechanical resonance (EMR) of the magnetoelectric (ME) effect in the magnetostrictive-piezosemiconductor structure Metglas / GaAs of the longitudinal-shear and torsional modes. It is found that the resonance frequencies for the torsional mode are approximately 2 times higher than the corresponding frequencies for the longitudinal-shear mode. Therefore, it is quite possible to observe the torsional mode of the ME effect against the background of the longitudinal-shear mode, since the resonance frequencies are well distinguishable. The results obtained can find application in the construction of new ME devices.
Polynomials and number sets associated with the probability distribution of the hyperbolic cosine type for even values of the parameter
Authors: Tokmachev M S
Published: November 2021

The polynomials used in the formation of the probability distribution density function of the hyperbolic cosine type are investigated. Earlier, on the basis of a hyperbolic cosine distribution, the author obtained numerical sets, among which not only new ones, but also, for example, the triangle of Stirling numbers, the triangle of the coefficients of Bessel polynomials, sequences of coefficients in the expansion of various functions, etc. In this paper, depending on the natural parameter
m
and the real distribution parameter
β
, a new class of polynomials is obtained. For even and odd
m
, the polynomials are constructed using similar, but different formulas. The article presents polynomials for even values
m
. Structurally, polynomials consist of quadratic factors. The coefficients of the polynomials, ordered by
m
, form numerical triangles depending on
β
. Some relations are found between the coefficients. From the numerical triangles, a set of numerical sequences is obtained, which for integers
β
are integers. Also, polynomials with respect to
x
turn out to be polynomials with respect to
β
. With this interpretation the variable acts as a parameter. New numerical triangles and sequences for different
x
were found. The overwhelming majority of the obtained numerical sequences are new. The class of polynomials arising from problems of probability theory indicates the possibility of applying the results.
Application of new method in quantum-mechanical calculations of the structural properties and the formation energy of the ordered Mu - phase in the Fe - Mo system
Authors: Udovsky A L , Vasilyev D A
Published: November 2021

A new technique of finding the minimum total energy, calculated by quantum mechanical calculations, for hexagonal Mu- (μ-) phases of stoichiometric compositions taking into account relaxation, as well as optimized crystal lattice parameters for different compositions in the Fe-Mo system, has been applied. The convergence of the total energy is investigated as a function of the number of plane waves (k) in the range 2000 ÷ 105. Differences in the structural energies between bcc, C14 Laves and μ- phases of pure components, as well as the formation energies of μ- phases of stoichiometric compositions Fe9Mo4, Fe7Mo6 and Fe6Mo7 are calculated.
The study of the dynamic model of the distribution of labor resources by region in conflict interaction
Authors: Zaitseva I V , Malafeyev O A , Zubov A V , Bondarenko L A , Orlov V B
Published: November 2021

The introduced models turn out to be the development of forces and resources allocation in municipal economy branches if a lot of interests appear in a competitive case. The models combine the reasonable level of adequacy with the practical application in solving the problems. The plans of labour force allocation can be complied on their basis.
Toward a relativistic microscopic substantiation of thermodynamics: the equilibration mechanism
Authors: Zakharov A Yu , Zubkov V V
Published: November 2021

The microscopic deterministic mechanism of the irreversible equilibration process in a relativistic classical system of interacting particles has been established.
Synthesis of a terminal device of a multiplex data exchange channel to FPGA
Authors: Zharkov V I , Petrov M N , Griskevich I Y
Published: November 2021

The article presents a technology for developing a terminal device for a multiplexed serial interface for data exchange to FPGA. The development was carried out using the System Verilog hardware description language. To meet demanding requirements. presented to this interface in terms of transmission speed, as well as the duration of transmitted and received bits of information, the device includes a built-in signal duration analyzer, which can also be used to exclude the influence of a part of the impulse noise that “leaked” through the input high-pass filter. The presented device has passed the verification of the main operating modes in the ModelSim-Altera software environment.
Fast-time and slow-time processing of the pseudorandom amplitude-phase-shift keyed signals
Authors: Zhukova I N , Bystrov N E , Chebotarev S D
Published: November 2021

The two-dimensional raw data structure is used for modern pulse-Doppler radars. Fast-time and slow-time processing of radar return signals is performed. The matched filter compresses each received pulse in fast time. The FFT-based spectral processing of the compressed pulses is then performed in slow time. The two-dimensional structure of raw data has specific features in radars with the transmission and reception of pseudorandom amplitude-phase-shift keyed (APSK) signals to a common aerial. It is formed when the coherent processing interval of the APSK signal is divided into subintervals. The article describes the fast-time and slow-time processing of the APSK signal subintervals. The structure of the signal in the subintervals is also analyzed. The choice of the subinterval duration is discussed. The possible energy losses during the processing of the reflected signals are estimated. The results of the processing modeling of the additive sum of APSK signals with different Doppler frequencies are presented.
Extraction of phenolic compounds from Iraqi Coriandrum Sativum L. and loaded on copolymeric hydrogels and examine there as drug delivery system and antioxidant
Authors: Sadoun Ula Ali , Al-Ali Zainab Shakir , Haddad Athir Mahmood
Published: November 2021

The phenolic extracts for leaves and stems (L+S) parts and leaves (L) part of Iraqi Coriandrum Sativum L. and their total phenols, total tannins and total flavonoids are described. Three copolymeric hydrogels prepared and loaded with phenolic extract 4 (U1-U3). The HPLC results show three phenolic compounds, while the GC-Mass results show one phenolic compound and four non-phenolic compounds. Gained results showed that there are significant (P < 0.05) variations in total phenols (9.822 ± 0.634−4.015 ± 0.118 mg GAE/g DW), total flavonoids (8.112 ± 0.115−2.811 ± 0.371 mg QE/g DW) and total condensed tannin (4.245 ± 0.276−1.135 ± 0.091 mg QE/g DW) contents for all phenolic extracts. The swelling rate for (U1-U3) in distilled water, the SGF, and the SIF was estimated. The maximum swelling was observed in copolymeric hydrogels at pH 6.9 in distilled water. The IC50 values of radical scavenging activity of the phenolic extracts 4, 8 and phenolic extract 4 released from copolymeric hydrogels (U1-U3) show varied significantly (P < 0.05). Our results indicated that Iraqi Coriandrum Sativum L. could constitute a rich and novel source of natural antioxidants. When it loaded on, copolymeric hydrogels could be used as a drug delivery system.
Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Studies of Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes with bis-(4-benzylidenamino-phenyl)-methane Schiff base ligand
Authors: Hassan Atared F. , Sabah Hiba H. , Turki Afaq A.
Published: November 2021

A new series of Co(II), Fe(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes of Bis–(4-benzylidenamino-phenyl)-methane (L) have been prepared and characterized. The complexes conform to general formula [CoL(H2O)3] Cl2, [FeL(H2O)5]SO4.2H2O, [CuL(H2O)5] NO3 and [NiL(H2O)3Cl2], Infra red spectra and elemental analysis reveal uni-dentate coordination of Schiff base to metal ions. Molar conductivity measurements show that complexes (I, III) behave as 2:1 electrolyte while complex (II) behave as 1:1 electrolyte. The thermal studies for complexes shows that the complexes are thermal stable.
Light scattering detector based on light-emitting diodes-Solar cells for a flow analysis of Warfarin in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Turkey Nagham S , Jeber Jalal N
Published: November 2021

Continuous turbidimetric analysis (CTA) for a distinctive analytical application by employing a homemade analyser (NAG Dual & Solo 0-180°) which contained two consecutive detection zones (measuring cells 1 & 2) is described. The analyser works based on light-emitting diodes as a light source and a set of solar cells as a light detector for turbidity measurements without needing further fibres or lenses. Formation of a turbid precipitated product with yellow colour due to the reaction between the warfarin and the precipitation reagent (Potassium dichromate) is what the developed method is based on. The CTA method was applied to determine the warfarin in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations in the concentration range from 2.0-16& 0.7-16 mmol/L with 0.58 and 0.55 mmol/L of the limit of detections. The correlation coefficients (r) of the developed method were 0.9977 and 0.9981 for cell 1 and 2 respectively. For validation of proposed method, the ICH guidelines were followed. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of Warfarin in pure and pharmaceutical preparations. In addition, the method can be considered as a quality control method and conveniently used for routine analysis in laboratories since the method permits quantitatively determination of 60 samples/h.
Spectrophotometric determination of atenolol via oxidation and bleaching color reaction for methyl red dye
Authors: Zakaria S A , Zakaria R A , Othman N S
Published: November 2021

A selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been suggested for the quantitative assay of atenolol (ATNL) as pure and in its manufactural formulation(Tablet). The suggested procedure included oxidation of ATNL with an excess quantity of the oxidant N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), and then the excess of NBS was occupied in bleaching the color of methyl red dye(MRD), then measuring the absorbance of remaining MRD at 518 nm. The absorbance of the unbleached color of MRD corresponds to the ATNL concentration in the sample solution. Beer’s law was followed in the range of 0.1-2.0 μg.ml−1with molar absorptivity value equal to 8.8864x104 l.mol−1. cm−1. The suggested method was applied to the assay of ATNL in commercial tablets, with satisfactory results.
The influence in difference of compatibilizers on the mechanical and rheological properties of LDPE/PLST blends
Authors: Saki Tahseen A
Published: November 2021

In this present study, low density polyethylene/plasticizer starch (LDPE/PLST) blends were prepared as a product to be used in disposable packaging (film applications), reducing the negative polymeric environmental effect. Because of their different molecular structures, LDPE blends with starch are fully immiscible; therefore, a compatibility agent is required. Three different polymer and/or copolymer: poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrolyzed 75% (PVOH), styrene-allyl alcohol copolymer (SAA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were selected as compatibilizers containing –OH groups. The effects of compatibilizer on the mechanical and rheological properties of LDPE/PLST blends were investigated and compared to LDPE/PLST without compatibilzer. The blends are also characterized by FTIR, which strongly indicates the existence of compatibilizers that can enhance phase interaction and promote compatibility in the blends of LDPE/PLST. Comparing to the blend without a compatibilizer, the tensile strengths of the blends containing PVOH and SAA increased significantly. The elongation at break results shows similar observation. The rheological measurement results suggested that the addition of a compatibilizer exhibited an increase in the shear stress and apparent viscosity comparing to the uncompatibilized blend except the blend with PEG which exhibited phase separation.
Spectrophotometric assay of Nicotinamide in Pharmaceutical Dosages
Authors: Saleem Basima A A , Hamoo Raghad A M , Ismail Ghassan Q
Published: November 2021

The reaction of nicotinamide and alizarin reagent using charge transfer reaction at a pH of 5.54 lead to produce a red colored compound measured at 527 nm., while the blue colored complex was formed using the oxidation reduction reaction between nicotinamide and chromate at pH 3.49 in the presence of an indigo cochineal dye. Theses tow colored products were measured at 527 and 610 nm respectively using two simple, fast and an accurate spectrophotometric methods. The linearity of the charge transfer method was followed Beer’s law 0.4 - 32 μg while the oxidation reduction method was obeyed Beer’s law from 1.6 - 40 μg in depending on the concentration range. Molar absorptivity was 1.95×104 and 2.16×104 mol−1 cm−1 for the red and blue colored complex respectively. Finally, the values of Sandal’s sensitivity were 0.00626 and 0.00565 μg−2 cm−1 for the first and second methods respectively. These two methods have been applied to quantify the amount of nicotinamide in pharmaceuticals with good recovery.
Estimation and evaluation of medicinal efficacy of maximum inhibitory concentration of alkaloids extracted from Iraqi Cordia myxa leaves against some pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Al-Maliki Abbas D M , Aboud Maitham N , Hameed Mustafa F
Published: November 2021

Cordia myxais considered as one of traditional medicinal plants abundant in many countries including Iraq. Because of the healthy importance of this plant therefore the current research was established to extract the alkaloids from the its leaves with extraction percentage equal to 5.8% Preliminary qualitative detections were achieved for the alkaloids by using various chemical reagents. The medicinal efficacy of these alkaloids was determined depending on maximum inhibitory concentration (Max IC) which has value equal to 150 mg/ml and this concentration recorded inhibition zone diameters values equal to 30,22,26,25 and 30 mm againstStaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Proteus Sp.andklebsiella Sp.bacteria. SoCordia myxaleaves alkaloids can be used as natural chemical drug to treat the most infections and inflammatory caused by these pathogens.
Isolation and identification of some pathogenic species of Fungi from Shatt-al-Arab River
Authors: Al-Ibraheem Shrouk Abdulrazak Hassan , Al-Zeadei Angham O S
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to isolation and identification of pathogenic fungi from Shatt – al-Arab River in Basra city, Fourteen water samples were collected from different area from Shatt-al-Arab River (AL Ashar, AL Tnoma, AL Makal, AL Qurna, AL Karma, AL Jabiluh, AL-Hartha), from October to December in 2017, with 250 ml volume, this samples centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 10 min at room temperature, the floating was removed and then take the precipitate and pour directly into the center of the media of SDA and PDA and then incubation in a temperature range25-27c for 4 days after that the growth on the media made pure culture and each fungi species diagnosed based on the cultural and microbiological phenotypes, smear prepared with lacto phenol cotton blue stain and the results show 57.1% of growth was Aspergillus niger, 85.7% Aspergillus flavus and 42.8% was Aspergillus candidus and 14.2% was Rhizopus, while the results show 42.8% of growth was Penicillium..
Synthesis of some new Rhodium complexes containing diaryl chalcogenide ligands and their uses as catalysts in hydrosilylation of alkenes
Authors: Al-Rubaie Ali Z , Kadhim Zaki N , Al-Luaibi Majeed Y , Sabri Luma
Published: November 2021

Diaryl Chalcogenides (i.e. Ar2E where Ar = 4-CH3C6H4, 4-BrC6H4, E= S, Se and Te) were reacted with [RhCl(CO)2]2 and rhodium(III) chloride trihydrate to give compounds of type [RhCl(CO)2(Ar2E)] and [RhCl3(Ar2E)3], respectively. All compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopic data. Attempts to prepare hydroxyapatite (HAp) supported rhodium catalyst by using different methods were unsuccessful. Complexes [RhCl(CO)2((4-R-C6H4)2S)], [RhCl(CO)2((4-R-C6H4)2Se)] and [RhCl(CO)2((4-R-C6H4)2Te), where R= CH3 or Br], were evaluated as catalysts for hydrosilylation of allyl phenyl ether and 1-decene. They showed good catalytic activities for hydrosilylation of alkenes with triethoxysilane.
Preparation, Characterization and Analytical Studies of novel Azo dyes and Diazo dyes
Authors: Mutar Muthanna M , Ali Hanan M
Published: November 2021

The amino {4-hydroxy-3-[(E)-{4-[(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl) sulfamoyl] phenyl} diazenyl] phenyl} acetic acid (1) and the amino {4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[(E)-{4-[(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl) sulfamoyl] phenyl} diazenyl] phenyl} acetic acid (2) were Prepared. The resulting azo and diazo dyes were then characterized using m.p., IR, UV-visible, mass spectrum and 1H-NMR spectrum. Analytical studies were carried on the azo dye (1) and the diazo dye (2). The best solubility of (1) and (2) was in methanol and ethyl acetate respectively, with no deviation from the linear relationship in each dye, which is due to the fact that the effect of the dielectric constant is the main factor that can control the shift of the absorption beaks. Though, the pH effects of (1) and (2) in a range of buffer solution were showed one and two isopiestic points respectively. Calculation of the ionization (pKa) and the protonation (pKp) constants by using the half height method was associated to the nitrogen atom and the OH-groups respectively. The pKp1, pKa1 and pKa2 were also intended. But, the value of the pKp2 was absent in the azo dye (1) and seems to be equal to 2.5 in the diazo dye (2). These results were indicated the suggested ionization scheme in acidic and basic medium of each dye. Furthermore, the dyes with different concentrations have harmless, nontoxic and no haemolysis effects.
Preparation, analytical Studies and application of a New Azodye Derived from Pharmaceutical Materials (Procaine Hydrochloride & Salicylic acid)
Authors: Thuiny Huda T , Fahad Tarek A , Ali Asaad A
Published: November 2021

Procaine hydrochloride was used as an aromatic amine, and salicylic acid (5-[2-(diethylamino)-4-benzoateazo]-2-hydroxybenzoic acid) was used to make a new azodye derived from pharmaceutical materials ( PS ).C.H.N., H1-NMR, I.R., and visible spectroscopic techniques have also been used to characterize dye. At different pH values ( 2 - 12 ), the electronic spectra of this azo dye was investigated in terms of acid-base properties, which included defining isobestic points and determining protonation and ionization constants. The effect of different polarities of solvents on the electronic spectra was the subject of another study. The dye has been used in a variety of applications, including as an indicator for strong acid with strong base and for nitrite determination.
Study the fluorescent and conductivity properties of a 4-hydroxy-3-nitro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride
Authors: Al-Aqar Roza
Published: November 2021

The compound of (4-hydroxy-3-nitro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride) and the dopant material (4-hydroxy-m-benzene-disulfonic acid) were synthesized. The UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra of the compound were recorded. The bathochromic shifts in absorption due to the changes in the solvent polarity was observed, in DMSO solvent, the compound shows different peaks, three bands in the UV region and one band in the visible region, one absorption peak at 402 nm, which might be attributed to the (ICT) band. The emission spectra of this compound were sensitive to the solvent polarity. They moved to lower energies with increasing the polarity of the solvent. The influence of the solvent polarity on the fluorescence maximum was more pronounced compared with the absorption maximum, showing ca. 3 nm red shift on moving from butanol to DMSO. The effect of the dopant material on the conductivities (ionic and specific) of the compound was studied, the ionic conductivity was increased as the weight of the dopant material increases, and the ionic conductivity (G) was measured in water as a solvent. the (G) of the compound was 2.4X10-6Siemens at 0.01 gm of the dopant material, and was 2.62X10-4Siemens after the dopant material was added (0.1 gm).
Combined CFA-AFM Analytical approach for precipitation reaction regarding crystal growth building single and multiple monolayers based on surface area calculation with image surface roughness analysis (unseen surface)
Authors: Shakir Ali Issam Mohammad , Shakir Nagham , Turkie  , Hussein Fares Abd Al-razackAbd
Published: November 2021

A reaction of Mebeverine hydrochloride (0.03mM) in pure form with sodium nitroprusside (0.07mM) to form OFF White precipitate. A constant feed was used to collect an enough amount in weight for AFM study. Continuous flow injection analysis was conducted as it is the aim of this study to combine FIA with AFM. To elucidate the study of surface morphology. Various parameters of AFM image surface roughness analysis were discussed in relation to the kind of precipitate formed. Skewness, kurtosis, peak-peak, ten peak height, fractal dimension, wavelength, core roughness depth, and reduced valley depth. All these with the four parameter mainly amplitude, hybrid, functional and spetial. Since no previous study of such was conducted; all usual mode of imaging was dealt with i.e., contact, non-contact and intermittent contact was defined. A non contact mode was used in this study. A detailed study of how the crystal growth buildup first mono layer (hypothetical based on the date obtained also how much each grain carry a concentration with the number that are on the first mono layer. Number of given samples of surface area calculation plus a demonstration of the hypothetically formed multi mono layers specially at high reactant concentration. The main aim of this project was the binding of AFM with FIA which is regarded as an new approach which might be a very useful knowledge for other researcher.
Xylanase Production via Aspergillus niger: Effect of Carbon Source and Composition
Authors: Tan C.Z. , Chang W. T. , Tarrsini M. , Teoh Y. P. , Lee K. C. , Kunasundari B. , Ng Q. H. , Ooi Z. X. , Low C. Y.
Published: November 2021

Xylanases are secondary metabolite product of variety organisms from various agriculture wastes. Xylanases’ demands in industrial level are increasing. Precisely, the necessity of enzyme such as xylanase to breaks down the xylan into reducing sugar for biofuel production is inevitable. However, the production of xylanases is insufficient to support the market demand. Hence, Aspergillus niger is used as the xylanase producer in this research. In this study, effect of carbon sources (corn cob-based xylan (CCX) and empty fruit bunches (EFB)) and concentrations of carbon source (2.5g/L to 4.0g/L) on xylanase production through One-factor-at-time (OFAT) experimental technique were investigated. The optimum fermentation period of 5 days determined by using mycelial dry cell mass and Bradford protein concentration growth profile is 5 days was set as the incubation period. Among these data, both carbon sources shown the maximum value at concentration of 3.5g/L. CCX showed a higher xylanase concentration (0.882±0.005μg/mL) compared to EFB (0.533 ± 0.006μg/mL). Hence, among these data analysis CCX has a better performance compared to EFB. Hence, among these data analysis CCX has a better performance compared to EFB.
The Influence of Compounding Parameters on the Electrical Conductivity of LDPE/Cu Conductive Polymer Composites (CPCs)
Authors: Badrul Farah , Halim Khairul Anwar Abdul , Salleh MohdArif Anuar Mohd , Osman Azlin Fazlina , Muhamad Nor Asiah , Zakaria Muhammad Salihin , Saad Nurul Afiqah , Noor Syatirah Mohd
Published: November 2021

Low-linear density (LDPE) and copper (Cu) were used as main polymer matrix and conductive filler in order to produce electrically conductive polymer composites (CPC). The selection of the matrix and conductive filler were based on their due to its excellence properties, resistance to corrosion, low cost and electrically conductive. This research works is aimed to establish the effect of compounding parameter on the electrical conductivity of LDPE/Cu composites utilising the design of experiments (DOE). The CPCs was compounded using an internal mixer where all formulations were designed by statistical software. The scanning electron micrograph (SEM) revealed that the Cu conductive filler had a flake-like shape, and the electrical conductivity was found to be increased with increasing filler loading as measured using the four-point probe technique. The conductivity data obtained were then analysed by using the statistical software to establish the relationship between the compounding parameters and electrical conductivity where it was found based that the compounding parameters have had an effect on the conductivity of the CPC.
Effect of Thermal Treatment on Natural Dolomite
Authors: Abdullah Siti Fatimah Azzahran , Saleh Siti Shuhadah Md , Mohammad Nur Farahiyah , Idris Mohd Sobri , Saliu H. R.
Published: November 2021

Dolomite is a mineral material that is formed from limestone which is mostly contains the calcite (CaCO3) and magnesite (MgCO3). This paper aimed to study on thermal decomposition of dolomite under air atmosphere. Calcination of dolomite was carried out by using furnace with heating rate of 10 °C/minute in an air atmosphere. The different temperature of calcination was varied at 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C within 6 hours. Phase analysis (XRD) and functional group analysis (FTIR) were carried out to analysis the dolomite after calcination. Microstructural (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis showed that the main constituents of pure dolomite include CaCO3 (calcite), MgCO3 (magnesite), CaO, and MgO. From the results, XRD showed that the high intensity of CaO and MgO at 800 - 1000 °C was much stronger than that of dolomite at 400 - 600 °C. In addition, FTIR presents strong and intense bands are observed at 3632.23 and 3690.98 cm−1 (800 °C), and also 3694.03 and 3633.60 cm−1 (1000 °C) due to the calcium oxide.
Processing and Characterisation of Charcoal Briquettes Made from Waste Rice Straw as A Renewable Energy Alternative
Authors: Adam Syed Nuzul Fadzli Syed , Aiman Jamil Haer Muhammad , Zainuddin Firuz , Hamdan Yahya
Published: November 2021

In Malaysia, waste paddy plant after rice harvesting were abundant and have no commercial value and significant usage. This paddy waste is commonly burnt on the landfilled which cause open firing and leads to environmental problem. This study determines the potential of rice straw waste for charcoal briquette production and study the effect of using different binders (corn and tapioca starch) in making the briquettes. Raw rice straws were combusted at 260°C for 4 hours in oven to form char powder. Corn starch and tapioca starch used as binder and each of them was mixed with char powder before compacted into briquettes. Each briquette was characterized in terms of their bulk density, moisture content, ash content, compressive strength and flammable characteristics. It was found that corn starch-charcoal briquette showed higher ash content, higher bulk density and compressive strength up to 68 MPa. Increased of both binders has increased the bulk density and compressive strength of briquettes. Both type of charcoal briquettes showed similar ignition time and burning characteristic, approximately at 18 minutes and 0.08 gm/min respectively.
Effect of Nickel-Coated Precipitated Calcium Carbonate on Corrosion Properties of Sn-9Zn Solder
Authors: Leong Wai Keong , Mohamad Ahmad Azmin , Nazeri Muhammad Firdaus Mohd
Published: November 2021

The effect of 0.5 wt. % Nickel (Ni)-coated precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) additions on the corrosion properties of Sn-9Zn solder was investigated in 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution employing potentiodynamic polarization. The morphological differences before and after corrosion analysis have been investigated to support the findings. The scan rate used was 1 mVs−1 after stable potential developed. Slight improvement of corrosion potential (Ecorr) with a significant reduction in corrosion current (icorr) was seen for the Sn-9Zn/Ni-coated PCC compared to Sn-9Zn, indicating the kinetics of corrosion reaction was reduced. The current consumed under the passivation stage for the Sn-9Zn/Ni-coated PCC was also smaller, highlighting that further corrosion protection was improved. Microstructural observation also verified that the number and size of blackish spot clusters were reduced for the Sn-9Zn/Ni-coated PCC, revealing that Ni-PCC additions improve the overall corrosion performance of Sn-9Zn solder.