bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise das principais espécies de Scolytidae coletadas em floresta primária no estado do Amazonas
Authors: Abreu Raimunda L. S. , Fonseca Cláudio R. V. , Marques Eli N.
Published: November 2006

Em área de floresta primária da Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, foi feito o levantamento da ocorrência de insetos da família Scolytidae (Coleoptera), utilizando-se as armadilhas Escolitídeo/Curitiba e Marques/Carrano/Abreu, instaladas em alturas de 1m; 3 m; 5 m; 7,5 m e 10 m. Os dados de coleta foram avaliados quantitativa e qualitativamente. Dos 7.974 escolitídeos coletados, 4.131 (51,8%) o foram com a armadilha Escolitídeo/Curitíba e 3.843 (48,2 %) com a Marques/Carrano. Os dados revelam a existência de 14 gêneros e 168 espécies. O gênero Xyleborus foi responsável por mais de 50% das coletas e as principais espécies capturadas foram: Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, que predominou durante o período do experimento, Xyleborus sp1, Premnobius cavipennis Eichhoff, Cryptocarenus heveae (Hagedorn), Cryptocarenus diadematus Eggers, Monarthrum sp1, Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood, Hypothenemus obscurus Fabricius e Xylosandrus compactus Eichhoff.
Racionalidade com compromisso: os assentados do Ribeirão Bonito (Teodoro Sampaio - SP) e o projeto de conservação ambiental
Authors: Costa Rosangela Calado da , Futemma Célia Regina Tomiko
Published: November 2006

Para explicar situações reais, a Economia Institucional tem se mostrado mais adequada do que a Economia Neoclássica. A fim de ilustrar essa questão, avaliou-se a influência da informação na participação de assentados rurais em um projeto de conservação ambiental, implementado por uma organização não-governamental. A informação sobre os benefícios socioeconômicos e ambientais que a participação no projeto poderia trazer, disponibilizada aos assentados pela organização não-governamental, teve fraca associação com a participação no projeto. Um comportamento racional aliado à noção de compromisso, em um ambiente propício ao surgimento de normas para cooperar, mostrou-se importante para a participação no projeto.
A questão ambiental urbana no programa de saúde da família: avaliação da estratégia ambiental numa política pública de saúde
Authors: Ianni Aurea Maria Zöllner , Quitério Luiz Antonio Dias
Published: November 2006

Este artigo apresenta resultados da pesquisa realizada, em 2003/04, na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo - municípios de São Paulo, Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo e Diadema - sobre as relações entre atenção básica em saúde e meio ambiente. Avaliou-se o Programa de Saúde Família, uma política estratégica do Ministério da Saúde/Brasil, que visa a reversão do modelo assistencial vigente, contemplando a complexidade do quadro nosológico atual em que doenças relacionadas aos estilos de vida e ao meio ambiente adquirem crescente importância. O conceito de Promoção da Saúde, incorporado ao Programa, propõe a viabilização de ambientes favoráveis à saúde, entendendo que a Saúde se realiza na confluência de múltiplos fatores, atores e interesses; sendo vista, menos como um compartimento da administração pública, mais como um pressuposto na formulação de políticas, planos, programas e projetos. Neste ponto aparece, de modo inequívoco, que a proteção do ambiente e a conservação dos recursos naturais devem ocupar tempo e recursos do setor. O caráter inovador da temática levou a um estudo de modelagem sócio-antropológica, que permitiu identificar os principais problemas e aspectos da conexão saúde/ambiente na esfera do cotidiano das populações envolvidas e nas práticas dos profissionais da saúde.
Metastatic breast cancer: do current treatments improve quality of life? A prospective study
Authors: Amado Fernanda , Lourenço Maria Teresa Cruz , Deheinzelin Daniel
Published: November 2006

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: In metastatic breast cancer cases, the currently available therapeutic approaches provide minimal improvement in survival. As such, quality of life (QOL) becomes one of the main objectives of treatment. It is not known whether current treatments derived from trials improve QOL. The aim was to evaluate changes in QOL among metastatic breast cancer patients receiving treatment derived from trials. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective observational QOL survey in a tertiary cancer center. METHODS: To evaluate the influence of current treatments on patients' QOL, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were applied on three occasions: before starting treatment and at the 6th and 12th weeks, to consecutive metastatic breast cancer patients over a one-year period. RESULTS: We found an improvement in QOL in the sample evaluated (n = 40), expressed by changes in the overall SF-36 score (p = 0.002) and the BDI (p = 0.004). Taken individually, the SF-36 components Pain, Social Functioning and Mental Health also improved significantly. Patients with worse initial performance status and secondary symptoms displayed greater improvement than those with better initial performance status and asymptomatic disease (p < 0.001). Patients who received more than one type of therapy showed larger gains than those given only one type (p = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: In our environment, current metastatic breast cancer treatments can improve QOL, especially among symptomatic patients and those with low performance status.
Positive correlation between serum and peritoneal fluid CA-125 levels in women with pelvic endometriosis
Authors: Amaral Vivian Ferreira do , Ferriani Rui Alberto , Sá Marcos Felipe Silva de , Nogueira Antonio Alberto , Silva Julio César Rosa e , Silva Ana Carolina Japur de Sá Rosa e , Moura Marcos Dias de
Published: November 2006

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: One of the diagnostic markers of endometriosis is CA-125, and elevated levels of this are caused by high concentrations in the ectopic endometrium. The objective of this study was to correlate CA-125 levels in serum and peritoneal fluid from women with and without pelvic endometriosis. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, controlled study of consecutive pa-tients undergoing laparoscopy for infertility, pelvic pain or tubal ligation, during early follicular phase, at the university hospital of Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. METHODS: Fifty-two patients were divided into two groups: endometriosis group, consisting of 35 patients with biopsy-confirmed pelvic endometriosis, and control group, consisting of 17 patients without endometriosis. CA-125 levels in serum samples and peritoneal fluid were determined by chemiluminescence. RESULTS: CA-125 levels in serum and peritoneal fluid were higher in patients with advanced pelvic endometriosis (means of 39.1 ± 45.8 U/ml versus 10.5 ± 5.9 U/ml in serum, p < 0.005; 1,469.4 ± 1,350.4 U/ml versus 888.7 ± 784.3 U/ml in peritoneal fluid, p < 0.05), and showed a positive correlation between each other (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.4880). Women with more advanced degrees of endometriosis showed higher CA-125 levels in both serum and peritoneal fluid (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: There is a positive correlation between serum and peritoneal fluid values of CA-125 in women with and without endometriosis, and their levels are higher in peritoneal fluid. Advanced endometriosis is related to higher levels in both serum and peritoneal fluid.
Research publications in the field of health: omission of hypotheses and presentation of common-sense conclusions
Authors: Turato Egberto Ribeiro , Machado Alexandre Cason , Silva Douglas Fini , Carvalho Guilherme Machado de , Verderosi Natalia Reis , Souza Thiago Ferreira de
Published: November 2006

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Medical literature should consist of knowledge applicable to professional education; nevertheless, the profusion of articles in databases provokes disquiet among students. The authors considered the premise that scientific production in the field of health follows a mechanical description of phenomena without the clarity of motivating questions. The aim was to interpret material from expert reports, applied by medical students to analyze articles from renowned journals. DESIGN AND SETTING: This research project was exploratory, searching for latent meanings regarding methodological problems in a sample of papers. It was performed in a Brazilian medical school. METHODS: The sample was intentionally built, consisting of articles related to original research in the field of health, published over the previous five years. The results came from text content analysis, performed by a professor and his medical students. RESULTS: (1) Failure to state a hypothesis is an equivocal practice: articles did not show clarity of hypothesis to demonstrate that their authors had epistemological knowledge of the methods chosen. (2) There is a certain belief that in normal scientific practice, hypotheses are unnecessary: studies without explicit hypotheses led to suppositions that they merely repeat dominant models. (3) Presentation of common sense as scientific conclusions: research brings together what would have mobilized the researchers initially. CONCLUSIONS: Absence of formal hypotheses leaves scientific production vulnerable when put under epistemological discussion. Conclusions from scientific articles are often confounded with common-sense statements. Quantitative research is suggested, for studying the frequency of occurrence of these dubious methodological points.
Amamentação e uso de antiinflamatórios não esteróides pela nutriz: informações científicas versus conteúdo em bulas de medicamentos comercializados no Brasil
Authors: Chaves Roberto Gomes , Lamounier Joel Alves , César Cibele Comini , Corradi Mateus Alves Lima , Mello Renata de Paula e , Gontijo Camila Martins , Drumond Jaqueline Matos
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVOS: confrontar as informações contidas nas bulas de medicamentos antiinflamatórios não esteróides com as evidências científicas do uso desses fármacos durante a amamentação. MÉTODOS: foi realizada revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE, utilizando os termos: "amamentação", "lactação", "drogas", "medicamentos", "antiinflamatórios não esteróides" e "bulas". As informações obtidas em artigos e livros foram confrontadas com o conteúdo das bulas sobre o uso dos AINEs durante a lactação. RESULTADOS: dentre os 27 antinflamatórios não esteróides comercializados no Brasil foram encontradas referências sobre segurança para uso durante a amamentação em apenas 14 (51,9%). Dos dez antinflamatórios não esteróides considerados como seguros para uso durante a lactação, nove (90%) continham informação em bula para evitar uso nesse período ou suspender a amamentação. Na bula de 11 aos 13 (84,6%) antinflamatórios não esteróides carentes de informações sobre uso pelas nutrizes foi sugerido evitar seu uso ou suspender a amamentação. CONCLUSÕES: as informações contidas nas bulas são discordantes das evidências científicas a respeito da compatibilidade dos antinflamatórios não esteróides com a amamentação. Há necessidade de maior conhecimento acerca da segurança desses medicamentos durante a amamentação.
Total serum vitamin C concentration in pregnant women: implications for a healthy pregnancy
Authors: Hassan Garba Ibrahim , Onu Amodu Bala
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVES: total serum vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) concentration was measured in 90 pregnant women, 30 in each trimester (age range 18-35 years) and a control group of age-matched non-pregnant women. METHODS: total serum vitamin C concentration was measured using the 2.4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method which involves the conversion of vitamin C to dehydroascorbic acid in the presence of copper (II) ions and subsequent measurement of the resulting bis-hydrazone at 540nm. RESULTS: the total vitamin C concentration in the first trimester was 2.55 ± 0.82 mg/dl and 2.32 ± 0.40 mg/dl and 0.77 ± 0.10 mg/dl in the second and third trimesters respectively. Relative to serum total vitamin C concentration in the controls (3.15 ± 0.13 mg/dl) these values are significantly lower (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: low serum vitamin C in pregnancy may indicate utilization of this vitamin to mop up the excess reactive oxygen species and maintain its normal homeostasis. Therefore, Vitamin C supplementation during pregnancy is recommended in order to boost the body's low vitamin C level and prevent the predisposition to low birth weight babies, premature delivery and pre-eclamsia all of which are known to be associated with sub-optimal vitamin C levels during pregnancy.
Ultraviolet disinfection of secondary wastewater effluents: prediction of performance and design
Authors: Loge Frank J. , Emerick Robert W. , Heath Mark , Jacangelo Joseph , Tchobanoglous George , Darby Jeannie L.
Published: November 2006

An empirical ultraviolet (UV) disinfection model was developed to predict coliform inactivation in unfiltered secondary wastewater effluent. The model was developed in the tailing region of the UV dose‐response curve for log survival values less than −3. Input parameters to the model include the suspended solids concentration, the unfiltered UV transmittance measured at a wavelength of 253.7 nm, the influent coliform concentration before exposure to UV light, and the applied UV dose. In the model, UV dose is calculated as the average UV intensity within the reactor (using the point source summation method) multiplied by the exposure time (based on the assumption of approximate plug flow conditions). Because the model is empirical, it should be calibrated to establish the statistical significance of each input parameter before use in a particular situation and to implicitly account for other factors influencing disinfection performance. The model was calibrated with data collected from a small‐scale UV reactor operated at two northern California wastewater treatment plants. The values of suspended solids concentration, unfiltered UV transmittance, and UV dose were found to be statistically significant with the water quality data set considered. The correlation coefficient (R2) of the calibrated model was 0.79. The calibrated model was then used to illustrate a design approach that integrates model uncertainty, wastewater variability, and variable permit requirements. In this approach, the number of UV lamps, modules, banks, and channels can be optimized to provide cost‐effective designs. Several design examples are used to illustrate both disinfection and headloss considerations in the recommended design approach.
Treatability of inorganic arsenic and organoarsenicals in groundwater
Authors: Kuhlmeier Paul D. , Sherwood Steven P.
Published: November 2006

A 2‐year three‐phase study into methods for treatment of mixed inorganic and organic arsenic species to drinking water levels was conducted at a former pesticide facility in Houston, Tex. The species present include monomethylarsinic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, arsenate, and arsenite. Phase One studies reported here included the evaluation of four adsorbents using bottle roll and column flow through techniques, oxidation through the application of Fenton's reagent followed by coprecipitation, coprecipitation without oxidation, and ultraviolet (UV)/ozone tests. The four adsorbents tested were activated carbon, activated alumina, ferrous sulfide, and a strongly basic ion exchange resin. All adsorbents removed some arsenic, but none except ferrous sulfide was sufficiently effective to warrant follow‐up studies. Two small ferrous sulfide column tests, run under different conditions, removed arsenic but not to the levels and loading capacities needed to make this method practical. Organic compound destruction was tested using Fenton's reagent (a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and ferrous iron) before coprecipitation. Arsenic was reduced to 170 ppb in the treated liquor. Coprecipitation without oxidative pretreatment produced a liquor containing 260 ppb arsenic. A two‐stage Fenton‐type coprecipitation procedure produced a supernatant containing 110 ppb total arsenic. Preliminary tests with a second‐stage oxidative process, using ozone and UV radiation, showed approximately 80% destruction of an organic‐arsenic surrogate (cacodylic acid) in 1 hour.
Extension of PIV for measuring granular temperature field in dense fluidized beds
Authors: Dijkhuizen W. , Bokkers G. A. , Deen N. G. , Annaland M. van Sint , Kuipers J. A. M.
Published: November 2006

In this work a particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique has been extended to enable the simultaneous measurement of the instantaneous velocity and granular temperature fields. The PIV algorithm has been specifically optimized for dense granular systems and has been thoroughly tested with artificially generated images. The new PIV technique has been successfully applied to a fluidized bed at incipient fluidization conditions in which a single bubble is injected by a jet and to a freely bubbling fluidized bed. The instantaneous spatial distribution of the solids‐phase velocity and granular temperature that can be measured with this new technique can be used to validate CFD models for dense granular systems, such as multifluid continuum models using the KTGF (kinetic theory of granular flow) to describe the internal momentum transport in the particulate phase. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Morbidity and mortality in chronically transfused subjects with thalassemia and sickle cell disease: A report from the multi‐center study of iron overload
Authors: Fung Ellen B. , Harmatz Paul , Milet Meredith , Ballas Samir K. , De Castro Laura , Hagar Ward , Owen William , Olivieri Nancy , Smith‐Whitley Kim , Darbari Deepika , Wang Winfred , Vichinsky Elliott ,   The Multi‐Center Study of Iron Overload Research Group
Published: November 2006

A natural history study was conducted in 142 Thalassemic (Thal), 199 transfused Sickle Cell Disease (Tx‐SCD, n = 199), and 64 non‐Tx‐SCD subjects to describe the frequency of iron‐related morbidity and mortality. Subjects recruited from 31 centers in the US, Canada or the UK were similar with respect to age (overall: 25 ± 11 years, mean ± SD) and gender (52% female). We found that Tx‐SCD subjects were hospitalized more frequently compared with Thal or non‐Tx‐SCD (P < 0.001). Among those hospitalized, Tx‐SCD adult subjects were more likely to be unemployed compared with Thal (RR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.0–2.5) or non‐Tx‐SCD (RR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.3–7.3). There was a positive relationship between the severity of iron overload, assessed by serum ferritin, and the frequency of hospitalizations (r= 0.20; P = 0.009). Twenty‐three deaths were reported (6 Thal, 17 Tx‐SCD) in 23.5 ± 10 months of follow‐up. Within the Tx‐SCD group, those who died began transfusion (25.3 vs. 12.4 years, P < 0.001) and chelation therapy later (26.8 vs. 14.2 years, P = 0.01) compared with those who survived. The unadjusted death rate in Thal was lower (2.2/100 person years) compared with that in Tx‐SCD (7.0/100 person years; RR = 0.38: 95% CI 0.12–0.99). However, no difference was observed when age at death was considered. Despite improvements in therapy, death rate in this contemporary sample of transfused adult subjects with Thal or SCD is 3 times greater than the general US population. Long term follow‐up of this unique cohort of subjects will be helpful in further defining the relationship of chronic, heavy iron overload to morbidity and mortality. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secret ties to industry and conflicting interests in cancer research
Authors: Hardell Lennart , Walker Martin J. , Walhjalt Bo , Friedman Lee S. , Richter Elihu D.
Published: November 2006

Background

Recently it was reported that a Swedish professor in environmental health has for decades worked as a consultant for Philip Morris without reporting his employment to his academic employer or declaring conflicts of interest in his research. The potential for distorting the epidemiological assessments of hazard and risk through paid consultants, pretending to be independent, is not exclusive to the tobacco industry.

Methods

Documentation is drawn from peer reviewed publications, websites, documents from the Environmental Protection Agency, University reports, Wellcome Library Special Collections and the Washington Post.

Results

Some consulting firms employ university researchers for industry work thereby disguising industry links in the income of large departments. If the industry affiliation is concealed by the scientist, biases from conflicting interests in risk assessments cannot be evaluated and dealt with properly. Furthermore, there is reason to suspect that editors and journal staff may suppress publication of scientific results that are adverse to industry owing to internal conflict of interest between editorial integrity and business needs.

Conclusions

Examples of these problems from Sweden, UK, and USA are presented. The shortfalls cited in this article illustrate the need for improved transparency, regulations that will help curb abuses as well as instruments for control and enforcement against abuses. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50: 227–233, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Climatic exposure of polymer optical fibers: Thermooxidative stability characterization by chemiluminescence
Authors: Appajaiah Anilkumar , Wachtendorf Volker , Daum Werner
Published: November 2006

The optical transmission stability was investigated for commercially available polymer optical fibers (POFs) which were exposed to a climate of 92°C and 95% relative humidity for about 3300 h. The optical transmission stability of POFs was correlated to their thermooxidative stability. POFs possessed identical core material, poly(methyl methacrylate), but they differed in the materials used for the claddings. The optical transmission was measured online using a prototype device called multiplexer. The chemiluminescence (CL) technique was applied to characterize the thermooxidative stability and degradation of POFs. CL analysis reveals the thermooxidative degradation of bare POFs (core and cladding), predominantly of the claddings, as a result of climatic exposure. Ultraviolet–visible transmittance measurements demonstrated more changes in the claddings as compared to the cores due to degradation. The CL and optical measurements data indicated that the optical transmission stability of POFs was dependent mainly on the thermooxidative stability of the claddings and their chemical compositions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1593–1601, 2007
Use of copper(II)/ethylene diamine‐cotton complex for the adsorption of residual dyes
Authors: Baouab Mohamed Hassen V. , Khalfaoui Mohamed , Gauthier Robert
Published: November 2006

The chemical modification of cotton is performed by successive reactions with thionyl chloride followed by ethylene diamine (ED) to prepare aminoalkyl amino cotton namely ED‐cotton. Evidence of attaching ethylene diamine groups onto cotton is provided by nitrogen determination and thermogravimetry analysis. Because of complexation, the ethylene diamine‐grafted groups immobilizes Cu(II) ions from buffered solution at pH 6. The formation of a 1/1 complex is assessed by the adsorption limit values. The binary system [Cu(II)/ED‐cotton] is then tested for the adsorption of two acid dyes (Acid Blue 25 and Calmagite) as ligands in the metal‐coordinating process. The adsorption of Cu(II) onto ED‐cotton and of the dyes onto Cu(II)/ED‐cotton is followed spectrometrically. The observed stoichiometries of the ternary‐formed complex [Dye/Cu(II)/ED‐cotton] are 1/1/1 with Acid Blue 25 and 0.75/1/1 with Calmagite at 20°C. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms constants for the adsorption of the tested dyes onto Cu(II)/ED‐cotton are evaluated from the experimental data, but better agreement is obtained by using the composite isotherm of Jossens. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1389–1396, 2007
Synthesis and characterization of organosoluble polyfluorinated polyimides derived from 3,3′,5,5′‐tetrafluoro‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane and various aromatic dianhydrides
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐Juan , Liu Jin‐Gang , Rui Jia‐Ming , Fan Lin , Yang Shi‐Yong
Published: November 2006

A polyfluorinated aromatic diamine, 3,3′, 5,5′‐tetrafluoro‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (TFDAM), was synthesized and characterized. A series of polyimides, PI‐1–PI‐4, were prepared by reacting the diamine with four aromatic dianhydrides via a one‐step high‐temperature polycondensation procedure. The obtained polyimide resin had moderate inherent viscosity (0.56–0.68 dL/g) and excellent solubility in common organic solvents. The polyimide films exhibited good thermal stability, with an initial thermal decomposition temperature of 555°C–621°C, a 10% weight loss temperature of 560°C–636°C, and a glass‐transition temperature of 280°C–326°C. Flexible and tough polyimide films showed good tensile properties, with tensile strength of 121–138 MPa, elongation at break of 9%–12%, and tensile modulus of 2.2–2.9 GPa. The polyimide films were good dielectric materials, and surface and volume resistance were on the order of a magnitude of 1014 and 1015 Ω cm, respectively. The dielectric constant of the films was below 3.0 at 1 MHz. The polyfluorinated films showed good transparency in the visible‐light region, with a cutoff wavelength as low as 302 nm and transmittance higher than 70% at 450 nm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1442–1449, 2007
Preparation and characterization of polysiloxane–polyacrylates composite lattices by two seeded emulsion polymerization and their film properties
Authors: Zou Mingxuan , Zhao Qingchun , Nie Jun , Zhang Zhicheng
Published: November 2006

Gamma ray‐induced seeded emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate was carried out in the presence of polymerizable polysiloxane seed latex, which was obtained by the ring‐opening copolymerization of octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and tetramethyl tetravinyl cyclotetrasiloxane(VD4) catalyzed by dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA). After the first seeded polymerization, 3‐methacryloxylpropyltrimethoxylsilane (MPS) was added for the second seeded polymerization. The conversion–time curve showed that the first seeded polymerization rate was accelerated much by the polysiloxane seed latex. The final composite lattices also showed good storage stability, mechanical stability, and high electrolyte resistance ability. The morphology of the composite latex particles was found to be a quite uniform fine structure by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The graft of polyacrylates onto polysiloxane and hydrolysis of MPS were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. The mechanical performance, water absorption ratio, surface properties, and transparency of the latex films were also investigated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1406–1411, 2007
Homogeneous polymerization of ethylene using an iron‐based metal catalyst system
Authors: Mahdavi Hossein , Badiei Alireza , Zohuri Gholam Hossein , Rezaee Abbas , Jamjah Roghieh , Ahmadjo Saied
Published: November 2006

An iron‐based catalyst of 2,6‐bis‐[1‐(2‐methylphenylimino)ethyl]pyridine iron dichloride was prepared. The ligand was prepared using 2,6‐diacetylpyridine as the starting chemical under controlled conditions. The preparation procedure was followed using 13C‐NMR, 1H‐NMR, FT‐IR, MS (mass spectroscopy), and elemental analysis methods. The homogeneous polymerization of ethylene was carried out using the prepared catalyst in toluene media. Methyl aluminoxane (MAO) was used as a cocatalyst. The effect of the [Al] : [Fe] molar ratio, polymerization temperature, and monomer pressure of 202,000 to 454,500 Pa on the polymerization behavior were studied. The highest activity of the catalyst was obtained at 30°C, the activity decreased with increasing temperature, while increasing pressure linearly increased its activity. The molecular weight distribution of the polyethylene obtained was 1.25 to 1.72. A weight average molecular weight of 7.1 × 104 and 1.5 × 103 were obtained. The crystallinity of the polymer was about 19% and its melting point was about 65°C. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1517–1522, 2007
High dielectric constant SU8 composite photoresist for embedded capacitors
Authors: Xu Jianwen , Wong C.P.
Published: November 2006

A novel, photodefinable, high dielectric constant (high‐k) nanocomposite material was developed for embedded capacitor applications. It consists of SU8 as the polymer matrix and barium titanate (BT) nanoparticles as the filler. The UV absorption characteristics of BT nanoparticles were studied with a UV‐Vis spectrophotometer. The effects of BT nanoparticle size, filler loading, and UV irradiation dose on SU8 photopolymerization were systematically investigated. The dielectric properties of the photodefined SU8 nanocomposites were characterized. Embedded capacitors using the novel high dielectric constant SU8 composite photoresist were demonstrated on a flexible polyimide substrate by the UV lithography method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1523–1528, 2007
Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of carboxyl‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol) adipate‐modified epoxy networks: Effect of molecular weight
Authors: Murali M. , Ratna D. , Samui A. B. , Chakraborty B. C.
Published: November 2006

A series of carboxyl‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol) adipate (CTPEGA) was synthesized by polycondensation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of various molecular weights (“2000,” “4000,” “6000,” “8000,” “10,000” g/mol) and adipic acid. CTPEGA was incorporated into the epoxy by a prereaction method. The CTPEGA and modified epoxy samples were thoroughly characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and gel permeation chromatography. The effects of molecular weight of CTPEGA on thermomechanical and viscoelastic properties of the modified epoxy networks were investigated. Maximum improvement in impact strength was found for the epoxy network modified with CTPEGA containing PEG of molecular weight 2000 g/mol. With further increase in molecular weight of CTPEGA, the impact strength of the modified network decreases. However, in case of higher molecular weight CTPEGA, the improvement in toughness was achieved without any reduction in Tg due to the complete phase separation. The results were explained in terms of morphology studied by scanning electron microscopy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1723–1730, 2007
Organic interfacial tailoring of styrene butadiene rubber–clay nanocomposites prepared by latex compounding method
Authors: Jia Qing‐Xiu , Wu You‐Ping , Wang Yi‐Qing , Lu Ming , Yang Jian , Zhang Li‐Qun
Published: November 2006

The styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)–clay nanocompounds were prepared by the latex compounding method, and then hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (C16) and 3‐aminopropyl triethoxy silane (KH550) were added into these nanocompounds on a two‐roll mill to prepare nanocomposites with strong interfacial interaction. The structure and properties of SBR–clay nanocomposites were carefully studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Rubber Process Analyzer (RPA), and mechanical testing. Compared with unmodified nanocomposites, the dispersion structure of modified SBR–clay nanocomposites is better with part rubber‐intercalated or part modifier‐intercalated structure. The tensile strength and the modulus at 300% elongation of modified SBR–clay nanocomposites are higher than three times of those of unmodified nanocomposites, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1826–1833, 2007
“Living”/controlled polymerization of methyl acrylate mediated by dithiocarbamates under γ‐ray irradiation
Authors: Zhou Ying , Zhu Xiulin , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Jian
Published: November 2006

γ‐Ray initiated reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerizations of methyl acrylate (MA) were investigated in bulk using five different dithiocarbamate structures, 2‐phenyl‐benzoimidazole‐1‐carbodithioic acid benzyl ester (1b), 2‐methyl‐benzoimidazole‐1‐carbodithioic acid benzyl ester (1c), 2‐pheny‐indole‐1‐cardithioic acid benzyl ester (1d), 2‐(carbazole‐9‐carbothioylsulfanyl)‐2‐methyl‐propionic acid ester (1e), and carbazole‐9‐carbodithioic acid naphthalene‐1‐ylmethyl ester (1f), as RAFT agents. The experiment results showed that MA polymerized in a controlled way under a low irradiation dose rate, i.e., first‐order kinetic plots, the experimental molecular weights increased linearly with monomer conversions. The polydispersity indices of polymers generally remained at a relatively low value (lower than 1.4). The effect of irradiation dose on the polymerization results was investigated. The obtained polymers were characterized with 1H NMR and GPC. Chain‐extension reaction was also successfully carried out using the obtained polymer as the macro‐RAFT agent and styrene as the second monomer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1769–1775, 2007
Morphology prediction of ternary polypropylene composites containing elastomer and calcium carbonate nanoparticles filler
Authors: Ma C. G. , Zhang M. Q. , Rong M. Z.
Published: November 2006

In this work, the morphology was studied in ternary composites of polypropylene (PP) with nanosized calcium carbonate (nano‐CaCO3) fillers and elastomer inclusions and the thermodynamic consideration was used to analyze the formation of phase structure of the composites. The wetting coefficient (ωa), interfacial tension (γAB), and work of adhesion (WAB) were calculated to predict dispersion state of nano‐CaCO3 fillers. A comparison of the prediction and SEM analysis was given. The results show that three types of phase structures were formed: an encapsulation of the filler by elastomer, a separate dispersion of the filler and elastomer, and a particular structure of the filler at the PP/elastomer interface. The predictions by ωa were all successfully supported‐up by SEM analysis and the predictions by WAB were however trustless. Both γAB and WAB can predict a separate dispersion or an encapsulation phase structure, but they were not available for the particular structure of the filler at the PP/elastomer interface. ωa was competent and favored for the prediction of all three types of morphology among the three parameters. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1578–1584, 2007
Knowledge discovery based on an implicit and explicit conceptual network
Authors: Koike Asako , Takagi Toshihisa
Published: November 2006

The amount of knowledge accumulated in published scientific papers has increased due to the continuing progress being made in scientific research. Since numerous papers have only reported fragments of scientific facts, there are possibilities for discovering new knowledge by connecting these facts. We therefore developed a system called BioTermNet to draft a conceptual network with hybrid methods of information extraction and information retrieval. Two concepts are regarded as related in this system if (a) their relationship is clearly described in MEDLINE abstracts or (b) they have distinctively co‐occurred in abstracts. PRIME data, including protein interactions and functions extracted by NLP techniques, are used in the former, and the Singhal‐measure for information retrieval is used in the latter. Relationships that are not clearly or directly described in an abstract can be extracted by connecting multiple concepts. To evaluate how well this system performs, Swanson's association between Raynaud's disease and fish oil and that between migraine and magnesium were tested with abstracts that had been published before the discovery of these associations. The result was that when start and end concepts were given, plausible and understandable intermediate concepts connecting them could be detected. When only the start concept was given, not only the focused concept (magnesium and fish oil) but also other probable concepts could be detected as related concept candidates. Finally, this system was applied to find diseases related to the BRCA1 gene. Some other new potentially related diseases were detected along with diseases whose relations to BRCA1 were already known. The BioTermNet is available at http://btn.ontology.ims.u‐tokyo.ac.jp.
Überlegungen zur anwendungsorientierten Stoffzusammensetzung von UHFB
Authors: Viet Tue Nguyen , Küchler Michael , Ma Jianxin , Henze Stefan
Published: November 2006

Ultrahochfester Beton (UHFB) stellt den aktuellen Entwicklungsstand in der Betontechnologie dar. Durch die Variation der Stahlfasergeometrie und des ‐gehalts können die Eigenschaften dieses innovativen Werkstoffs innerhalb einer Bandbreite gestaltet werden. Anhand einer eigenen Versuchsreihe werden die Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten des Anwenders demonstriert und Anregungen zur Wahl einer gezielten Stoffzusammensetzung gegeben.
Anforderungen an die Betontechnik und konstruktive Ausbildung von Schwimmbecken aus WU‐Beton
Authors: Freimann Thomas , Müller Michael
Published: November 2006

Stahlbeton‐Schwimmbecken aus Beton mit hohem Wassereindringwiderstand ohne zusätzliche Abdichtung erfordern nicht nur vertiefte betontechnische Kenntnisse zur Festlegung maßgeblicher Betoneigenschaften während der Planung, sondern auch detaillierte Überlegungen zur Fugenplanung und Ausführbarkeit der geplanten Beckenkonstruktion.

Für den Fachplaner ergeben sich vor allem aus DIN 1045, WU‐Richtlinie und Merkblatt des BÖB neue und veränderte betontechnische Anforderungen, die zusammen mit praktischen Hinweisen und Besonderheiten zur Fugenplanung nachfolgend erläutert werden sollen.
Cover Picture: Synthesis and Characteristics of a Nonaggregating Tris(tetrathiafulvaleno)dodecadehydro[18]annulene (Chem. Eur. J. 33/2006)
Authors: Andersson Asbjørn Sune , Kilså Kristine , Hassenkam Tue , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Boudon Corinne , Gross Maurice , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens , Diederich François
Published: November 2006

A new dodecadehydro[18]annulene fused to three tetrathiafulvalene moieties shows a strong charge‐transfer transition of intramolecular rather than intermolecular origin. In the Full Paper on page 8451 ff., F. Diederich, M. Brøndsted Nielsen et al. show that the π‐stacking aggregation tendency is negligible and not an intrinsic property of these acetylenic macrocycles. Yet, aromatic π‐stacking self‐assembly can be promoted by additional intermolecular dipolar interactions between appropriate functional groups.
Mechanochemical Synthesis and Thermal Decomposition of Zinc Borohydride.
Authors: Jeon Eun , Cho Young Whan
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mechanochemical Synthesis and Thermal Decomposition of Mg(AlH4)2.
Authors: Kim Yoonyoung , Lee Eung‐Kyu , Shim Jae‐Hyeok , Cho Young Whan , Yoon Kyung Byung
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ZrIV‐Monosubstituted Keggin‐Type Dimeric Polyoxometalates: Synthesis, Characterization, Catalysis of H2O2‐Based Oxidations, and Theoretical Study.
Authors: Kholdeeva Oxana A. , Maksimov Gennadii M. , Maksimovskaya Raisa I. , Vanina Marina P. , Trubitsina Tatiana A. , Naumov Dmitry Yu. , Kolesov Boris A. , Antonova Nadya S. , Carbo Jorge J. , Poblet Josep M.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Active Au(II) Catalyst for the Intramolecular exo‐Hydrofunctionalization of Allenes with Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Nucleophiles.
Authors: Zhang Zhibin , Liu Cong , Kinder Robert E. , Han Xiaoqing , Qian Hua , Widenhoefer Ross A.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unique Gold Chemoselectivity for the Aerobic Oxidation of Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Abad Alberto , Almela Carles , Corma Avelino , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reconstructed Hydrotalcite as a Highly Active Heterogeneous Base Catalyst for Carbon—Carbon Bond Formations in the Presence of Water.
Authors: Ebitani Kohki , Motokura Ken , Mori Kohsuke , Mizugaki Tomoo , Kaneda Kiyotomi
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Versatile Hexadiene Synthesis by Decarboxylative sp3—sp3 Coupling/Cope Rearrangement.
Authors: Waetzig Shelli R. , Rayabarapu Dinesh K. , Weaver Jimmie D. , Tunge Jon A.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Deconjugative Michael Additions.
Authors: Bell Mark , Frisch Kim , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthesis of Tetramethylsulfonylguanidines Between a Free Sulfonamide Group and HBTU.
Authors: Gluszok Sebastien , Goossens Laurence , Depreux Patrick , Henichart Jean‐Pierre
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Studies on Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 81. A Rapid and Efficient Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐ and (E)‐Allyl Bromides from Baylis—Hillman Adducts Using Bromo(dimethyl)sulfonium Bromide.
Authors: Das Biswanath , Venkateswarlu Katta , Krishnaiah Maddeboina , Holla Harish , Majhi Anjoy
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Markownikoff and anti‐Markownikoff Hydroamination with Palladium Catalysts Immobilized in Thin Films of Silica Supported Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Jimenez Oriol , Mueller Thomas E. , Sievers Carsten , Spirkl Andreas , Lercher Johannes A.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
“Green” Iodination of Dimethoxy‐ and Trimethoxy‐Substituted Aromatic Compounds Using an Iodine—Hydrogen Peroxide Combination in Water.
Authors: Pavlinac Jasminka , Zupan Marko , Stavber Stojan
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The HF/BF3‐Catalyzed Reaction of Substituted Benzenes with Carbon Monoxide.
Authors: Willemse J. Alexander , Bezuidenhoudt Barend C. B. , Holzapfel Cedric W.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct‐Type Catalytic Three‐Component Mannich Reactions Leading to an Efficient Synthesis of α,β‐Diamino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Salter Matthew M. , Kobayashi Jun , Shimizu Yusuke , Kobayashi Shu
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)methane: A Fluoromethide Equivalent and Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Monofluoromethylation.
Authors: Fukuzumi Takeo , Shibata Norio , Sugiura Masayoshi , Yasui Hiroyuki , Nakamura Shuichi , Toru Takeshi
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Conjugate Umpolung for the Synthesis of γ‐Butyrolactones.
Authors: Burstein Christian , Tschan Serena , Xie Xiulan , Glorius Frank
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Approaches to Polysubstituted Pyrroles and γ‐Lactams Based on Nucleophilic Addition of Ti(IV) Enolates Derived from α‐Diazo‐β‐keto Carbonyl Compounds to N‐Tosylimines.
Authors: Dong Changqing , Deng Guisheng , Wang Jianbo
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Substituted Carbazoles, Indoles, and Dibenzofurans by Vinylic to Aryl Palladium Migration.
Authors: Zhao Jian , Larock Richard C.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemoselectivity of the [2 + 3]‐Cycloaddition of Thiocarbonyl Ylides with 5‐Benzylidene‐3‐phenylrhodanine.
Authors: Seyfried M. S. , Linden A. , Mloston G. , Heimgartner H.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
4‐Hydroxy‐2‐quinolones. Part 92. Reaction of 1‐R‐4‐Chloro‐3‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydroquinolines with Anilines.
Authors: Ukrainets I. V. , Sidorenko L. V. , Gorokhova O. V. , Jaradat N. A.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Synthesis of Novel Ethyl 4‐(Substituted amino)isothiazolo[5,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐carboxylates.
Authors: Mukherjee Attreyee , Sarkar Mili , Mahalanabis Kumar K.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Study of New 2‐Aryl‐1‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐1,1a‐dihydroazireno[1,2‐a]quinoxaline Derivatives.
Authors: Zbruyev A. I. , Yaremenko F. G. , Chebanov V. A. , Desenko S. M. , Shishkin O. V. , Lukinova E. V. , Knyazeva I. V.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Azinylthioureas (I) and Their Heterocyclization Using α‐Chloroacetoacetic Ester.
Authors: Dovlatyan V. V. , Eliazyan K. A. , Ghazaryan E. A. , Yengoyan A. P.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direction of Isomerization of 5‐Hydroxy‐3‐propargylthio‐1,2,4‐triazines According to 1H/15N Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation (HMBC) Spectra.
Authors: Smutin V. Yu. , Gindin V. A. , Sablina N. O.
Published: November 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.