bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Writer verification of partially damaged handwritten Arabic documents based on individual character shapes
Authors: Khan Majid A. , Mohammad Nazeeruddin , Ben Brahim Ghassen , Bashar Abul , Latif Ghazanfar
Published: April 2022

Author verification of handwritten text is required in several application domains and has drawn a lot of attention within the research community due to its importance. Though, several approaches have been proposed for the text-independent writer verification of handwritten text, none of these have addressed the problem domain where author verification is sought based on partially-damaged handwritten documents (e.g., during forensic analysis). In this paper, we propose an approach for offline text-independent writer verification of handwritten Arabic text based on individual character shapes (within the Arabic alphabet). The proposed approach enables writer verification for partially damaged documents where certain handwritten characters can still be extracted from the damaged document. We also provide a mechanism to identify which Arabic characters are more effective during the writer verification process. We have collected a new dataset, Arabic Handwritten Alphabet, Words and Paragraphs Per User (AHAWP), for this purpose in a classroom setting with 82 different users. The dataset consists of 53,199 user-written isolated Arabic characters, 8,144 Arabic words, 10,780 characters extracted from these words. Convolutional neural network (CNN) based models are developed for verification of writers based on individual characters with an accuracy of 94% for isolated character shapes and 90% for extracted character shapes. Our proposed approach provided up to 95% writer verification accuracy for partially damaged documents.
DNA barcoding for biodiversity assessment: Croatian stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera)
Authors: Hlebec Dora , Sivec Ignac , Podnar Martina , Kučinić Mladen
Published: April 2022

Background

The hemi-metabolous aquatic order Plecoptera (stoneflies) constitutes an indispensable part of terrestrial and aquatic food webs due to their specific life cycle and habitat requirements. Stoneflies are considered one of the most sensitive groups to environmental changes in freshwater ecosystems and anthropogenic changes have caused range contraction of many species. Given the critical threat to stoneflies, the study of their distribution, morphological variability and genetic diversity should be one of the priorities in conservation biology. However, some aspects about stoneflies, especially a fully resolved phylogeny and their patterns of distribution are not well known. A study that includes comprehensive field research and combines morphological and molecular identification of stoneflies has not been conducted in Croatia so far. Thus, the major aim of this study was to regenerate a comprehensive and taxonomically well-curated DNA barcode database for Croatian stoneflies, to highlight the morphological variability obtained for several species and to elucidate results in light of recent taxonomy.

Methods

A morphological examination of adult specimens was made using basic characteristics for distinguishing species: terminalia in males and females, head and pronotum patterns, penial morphology, and egg structures. DNA barcoding was applied to many specimens to help circumscribe known species, identify cryptic or yet undescribed species, and to construct a preliminary phylogeny for Croatian stoneflies.

Results

Sequences (658 bp in length) of 74 morphospecies from all families present in Croatia were recovered from 87% of the analysed specimens (355 of 410), with one partial sequence of 605 bp in length forCapnopsis schilleri balcanicaZwick, 1984. A total of 84% morphological species could be unambiguously identified usingCOIsequences. Species delineation methods confirmed the existence of five deeply divergent genetic lineages, with monophyletic origin, which also differ morphologically from their congeners and represent distinct entities. BIN (Barcode Index Number) assignment and species delineation methods clusteredCOIsequences into different numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). ASAP delimited 76 putative species and achieved a maximum match score with morphology (97%). ABGD resulted in 62 and mPTP in 61 OTUs, indicating a more conservative approach. Most BINs were congruent with traditionally recognized species. Deep intraspecific genetic divergences in some clades highlighted the need for taxonomic revision in several species-complexes and species-groups. Research has yielded the first molecular characterization of nine species, with most having restricted distributions and confirmed the existence of several species which had been declared extinct regionally.
Changes in serum amino acid levels in non-small cell lung cancer: a case-control study in Chinese population
Authors: Liu Ke , Li Jiaoyuan , Long Tingting , Wang Yi , Yin Tongxin , Long Jieyi , Shen Ying , Cheng Liming
Published: April 2022

Background

Previous studies have shown the alteration of amino acid (AA) profile in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is little data regarding AA profile in NSCLC in Chinese population. The aim of this study was to evaluate AA profile in Chinese NSCLC patients, explore its utility in sample classification and further discuss its related metabolic pathways.

Methods

The concentrations of 22 AAs in serum samples from 200 patients with NSCLC and 202 healthy controls were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). AA levels in different tumor stages and histological types were also discussed. The performance of AA panel in classifying the cases and controls was evaluated in the training data set and validation data set based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the important metabolic pathways were identified.

Results

The concentrations of tryptophan (Trp), phenylalanine (Phe), isoleucine (Ile), glycine (Gly), serine (Ser), aspartic acid (Asp), asparagine (Asn), cystein (Cys), glutamic acid (Glu), ornithine (Orn) and citrulline (Cit) were significantly altered in NSCLC patients compared with controls (all P-FDR < 0.05). Among these, four AAs including Asp, Cys, Glu and Orn were substantially up-regulated in NSCLC patients (FC ≥ 1.2). AA levels were significantly altered in patients with late-stage NSCLC, but not in those with early-stage when comparing with healthy controls. In terms of histological type, these AAs were altered in both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. For discrimination of NSCLC from controls, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.80 (95% CI [0.74–0.85]) in the training data set and 0.79 (95%CI [0.71–0.87]) in the validation data set. The AUCs for early-stage and late-stage NSCLC were 0.75 (95% CI [0.68–0.81]) and 0.86 (95% CI [0.82–0.91]), respectively. Moreover, the model showed a better performance in the classification of squamous cell carcinoma (AUC = 0.90, 95% CI [0.85–0.95]) than adenocarcinoma (AUC = 0.77, 95% CI [0.71–0.82]) from controls. Three important metabolic pathways were involved in the alteration of AA profile, including Gly, Ser and Thr metabolism; Ala, Asp and Glu metabolism; and Arg biosynthesis.

Conclusions

The levels of several AAs in serum were altered in Chinese NSCLC patients. These altered AAs may be utilized to classify the cases from the controls. Gly, Ser and Thr metabolism; Ala, Asp and Glu metabolism and Arg biosynthesis pathways may play roles in metabolism of the NSCLC patient.
Knowledge of acute stroke management and the predictors among Malaysian healthcare professionals
Authors: Albart Stephenie Ann , Yusof Khan Abdul Hanif Khan , Abdul Rashid Aneesa , Wan Zaidi Wan Asyraf , Bidin Mohammad Zulkarnain , Looi Irene , Hoo Fan Kee
Published: April 2022

Background

Despite rapid advances in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) management, many healthcare professionals (HCPs) might not be aware of the latest recommended management of AIS patients. Therefore, we aimed to determine the level and factors associated with AIS management knowledge among Malaysian HCPs.

Methods

This cross-sectional online questionnaire study was conducted nationwide among 627 HCPs in Malaysia using the Acute Stroke Management Questionnaire (ASMaQ). Multiple logistic regression was used to predict the relationship between the independent variables (age, gender, years of service, profession, work setting, work sector, seeing stroke patients in daily practice, and working with specialists) and the outcome variable (good vs poor knowledge).

Results

Approximately 76% (95% CI [73–79%]) of HCPs had good overall knowledge of stroke. The highest proportion of HCPs with good knowledge was noted for General Stroke Knowledge (GSK) [88.5% (95% CI [86–91%])], followed by Advanced Stroke Management (ASM) [61.2% (95% CI [57–65%])] and Hyperacute Stroke Management (HSM) [58.1% (95% CI [54–62%])]. The odds of having poor knowledge of stroke were significantly higher among non-doctor HCPs [adjusted OR = 3.46 (95% CI [1.49–8.03]), P = 0.004]; among those not seeing stroke patients in daily practice [adjusted OR = 2.67 (95% CI [1.73–4.10]), P < 0.001]; and among those working without specialists [adjusted OR = 2.41 (95% CI [1.38–4.18]), P = 0.002].

Conclusions

Stroke education should be prioritised for HCPs with limited experience and guidance. All HCPs need to be up-to-date on the latest AIS management and be able to make a prompt referral to an appropriate facility. Therefore, more stroke patients will benefit from advanced stroke care.
Analysis of serum and gene expression profile of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β1) in chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Che Noh Ismail , Avoi Richard , Abdullah Nurul Asma , Ahmad Imran , Abu Bakar Ruzilawati
Published: April 2022

Background

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the major causes of liver cirrhosis and liver carcinoma. Studies have indicated that an imbalance of cytokine activities could contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection. This study aimed to investigate serum levels and gene expression of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β1) in chronic HCV infection among Malay male subjects.

Methods

Thirty-nine subjects were enrolled from various health clinics in Kelantan, Malaysia, and divided into two groups: patients with chronic HCV infection (HP) and healthy control (HS). The serum cytokines IL-6, TNF-a—were measured using Luminex assay, and serum TGF-β1 was measured by ELISA. The mRNA gene expression for IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β1 was measured by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results

There were statistically significant differences in the mean serum levels of IL-6, and TGF-β1 in HP compared to HS group (p = 0.0180 and p = 0.0005, respectively). There was no significant difference in the mean serum level of TNF-α in HP compared to HS group. The gene expression for the studied cytokines showed no significant differences in HP compared to HS group.

Conclusion

Serum IL-6 was significantly associated with chronic HCV infection.
Genetic relatedness and morphology as drivers of interspecific dominance hierarchy in hummingbirds
Authors: Márquez-Luna Ubaldo , Lara Carlos , Corcuera Pablo , Valverde Pedro Luis
Published: April 2022

A dominance hierarchy is the set of ranks occupied by species within an assemblage. Species with a high position within the dominance hierarchy tend to dominate subordinate species in contests for access to resources. In hummingbirds, greater weight and wing disc loading have been associated with highest ranks within the dominance hierarchy. Nevertheless, the limit to which the difference between the weight of contending species represents a competitive advantage has not yet been determined. Here, we determined the dominance hierarchy of a hummingbird assemblage exploiting the most abundant floral resource (Palicourea padifolia, Rubiaceae) in a cloud forest of central Veracruz, Mexico. Specifically, we tested whether species weight and wing disc loading influence the dominance hierarchy. Additionally, we tested whether the flowers visited per foraging bout increases with species weight and dominance. We further tested whether weight, wing disc loading, and the genetic relatedness between contenders influenced the dominance relationships in species-pair interactions. Our results indicate that the hierarchy is positively influenced by weight. Hummingbirds visited similar number of flowers regardless their weight or their dominance. Nevertheless, the probability that the heaviest contender won contests was positively associated with the differences of weight and genetic relatedness between contenders. Contrarily, the probability that the contender with greatest wing disc loading won contests was positively associated with differences of weight and negatively associated with the relatedness between contenders. However, these models only explained between 22% and 34% of the variation, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the weight was the major contributor to high dominance values. However, future studies should include (1) the temporal variability of the weight and (2) experimental predictor variables such the burst power of the hummingbirds to evaluate its effects on the dynamics of dominance hierarchies in hummingbird assemblages. All the hummingbird species present in the studied assemblage have developed wide behavioral mechanisms that compensate their morphological differences, which allow them to coexist, even when they compete for the access to the same resource.
Therapeutic Drug Review on Romosozumab: The First Sclerostin Inhibitor
Authors: Jain Vijay Kumar , Iyengar Karthikeyan P , Nune Arvind , Upadhyaya Gaurav Kumar
Published: April 2022

Osteoporosis is a progressive skeletal disorder which is characterised by low bone mass, normal mineralisation and abnormal bone microarchitecture. This disruption of bone microarchitecture causes subsequent increase in bone fragility and raises risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is a growing public health problem and affects approximately over 200 million people worldwide. In the United Kingdom, it is estimated that around 3 million people have osteoporosis. Since the evolution of drug therapy for osteoporosis in the 1940's with oestrogen therapy several approaches to developing novel therapeutics for osteoporosis in animal studies and clinical observations (e.g., oestrogen, calcitonin, and teriparatide) or opportunistic repurposing of existing compounds (e.g., bisphosphonates) to one driven by advances in fundamental bone biology (e.g., denosumab). The advent of biologic agents has provided a more specific and targeted approach to the treatment of osteoporosis. Sclerostin is a glycoprotein secreted by osteocytes and regulates bone metabolism by inhibiting activation of osteoblast function and bone formation. By inhibiting sclerostin, targeted therapeutic pharmacological agents are being developed to address severe osteoporosis and patients who do not respond well to primary line of medical management of osteoporosis. Romosozumab is humanised as a monoclonal antibody designed to target sclerostin. This review assesses the mechanism and current role of romosozumab in osteoporosis treatment.
Effect of Glycated Haemoglobin Deviations on Glomerular Filtration Rate and Electrolyte Homeostasis among Paediatric Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sudersanadas Kavita M , Turki Maha AL , Abuthyab Atheer Zaid , Almutairi Razan Salim , Alharbi Ohud Dakhil , Joy Salini Scaria , Mutairi Mohammed AL
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Hyperglycaemia-induced electrolytic imbalance is a major contributing factor for the onset of complications observed in diabetes and other endocrine disorders. Children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) often exhibit electrolyte disturbances which contribute early onset of diabetic complications. Hyperglycaemia-induced electrolytic imbalance is a major contributing factor for the onset of complications observed in diabetes and other endocrine disorders. Aim: To assess the effect of glycated haemoglobin deviations on estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium) in paediatric subjects with T1DM. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital (KASCH)/NGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, a tertiary care teaching hospital. Total 78 paediatric T1DM patients with 5 year diabetes duration registered at the hospital for medical and nutritional care from January 2013 to December 2013, formed the study population. Data related to demography (age, gender, body mass index) and biochemical variables {Haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), total cholesterol, LowDensity Lipoprotein (LDL), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Triglyceride (TG), urea, and serum creatinine, data related to electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and vitamin D} were extracted from the hospital information system. Frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, student’s t-test, tertiles with percentages, analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyse the data by statistical software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 22.0). Results: A total of 31 males and 47 females between ages 6-14 years were included in this study. eGFR (p-value=0.004) and sodium (p-value=0.013) were independently associated with HbA1c in T1DM even after adjusting the confounding factors such as age, BMI, and LDL. Whereas, other electrolytes (potassium, magnesium) and vitamin D showed an inverse relation with HbA1c but were not significant after adjusting for confounding factors (p-value <0.05). Serum creatinine (r-value=0.313, p-value=0.005) indicated a significant positive correlation with HbA1c while, eGFR (r-value=-0.344, p-value=0.002) and sodium (r-value=- 0.236, p-value=0.040) showed a significant negative correlation with HbA1c. Conclusion: Maintaining a balance between glycaemic control and nutritional therapy is essential to avoid the progressive development of diabetic complications in T1DM. In addition, early diagnosis, proper medications, including adequate insulin therapy and dietary supplements are needed to prevent diabetic complications.
Adoption Behaviour of Farmer towards Improved Potato Production Practice in Prayagraj District of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Rai Ishan , Bose Dipak Kumar
Published: April 2022

The study was conducted in Prayagraj District of Uttar Pradesh to measure the adoption behaviour of farmer towards improved potato production practice. A total number of 120 respondents were selected randomly from ten villages under Phoolpur block based on maximum area comes under potato cultivation. The data were collected by pre-structured interview schedule and appropriate statistical analysis was done to find out the meaningful results. The study revealed that 53.33 per cent of the respondents belonged to the middle-aged group and majority of the respondents (58.34%) belongs to medium level of annual income. Majority of respondents (51.67%) belonged to small and medium land holdings and 44.17 per cent farmers belonged to the medium level of mass media exposure. The findings also revealed that 55.00 per cent of the respondents had medium level of adoption towards improved potato production practice followed 26.66% and 18.34% of the respondents with low and high levels of adoption respectively. Age ,education level ,annual income ,land holding ,extension contacts, mass media exposure, economic motivation ,scientific orientation ,source of information were positive and significant found with adoption of the respondents.
Effect of Alpha-lipoic Acid on Productive Parameters and Ruminal VFA Profile in Sheep
Authors: Robles-Rodríguez Carolina , González-Dávalos Laura , Domínguez-Hernández Yesmin , Shimada Armando , Piña Enrique , Mora Ofelia
Published: April 2022

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on feed over the productive parameters of sheep, as well as volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen and blood glucose.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Centro de Enseñanza, Investigación y Extensión en Producción Animal del Altiplano (CEIEPAA), located in Tequisquiapan, Querétaro-México.

Methodology: A total of 64 sheep (Pelibuey x Dorset), two months old (32 males and 32 females with an average weight of 20.7 ± 1.3 kg) were used. Animals were housed in 16 pens, 4 animals per pen, and each pen was assigned to one of the 4 ALA inclusion treatments (0, 40, 80, 120 ppm). ALA was mixed with 50 g of ground corn to ensure its consumption; the animals of treatment 0 also received 50 g of ground corn without ALA.

Results: Differences in weight gain were observed from day 56 in the animals supplemented with 80 ppm of ALA (P < .0001) and an improvement in daily weight gain (246 g) and feed conversion (P = .05) was shown. Animals treated with 40 ppm of ALA observed lower blood glucose without affecting the productive parameters (P = .05). A lower concentration of VFA was found in the treatment 120 ppm on day 84 (334.2 ± 26.5 vs 260.0 ± 15.7; P = .05).

Conclusion: The inclusion of 80 ppm of ALA in the diet of sheep could improve the productive parameters.
In-vitro Evaluation of Antagonistic Activity of Native Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens Isolates against Alternaria solani Causing Early Blight of Tomato
Authors: Lalhruaitluangi C. , Tiameren Ao N. , Daiho L. , Banik Susanta , Ao M. Aleminla , Kanaujia S. P.
Published: April 2022

The present study was carried out in 2018-2019 at Department of Plant pathology, SASRD, Nagaland University to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of 24 native isolates of Trichoderma and 18 isolates of Pseudomonas against Alternaria solani by dual culture technique method. The test pathogen was isolated from disease infected tomato plants collected from an experimental field of Department of Plant pathology, SASRD, Medziphema campus. The results showed that all the isolates had significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen. The highest inhibition of mycelial growth of A. solani was shown by T-5 (73.34%) followed by T-11(70.23%). The lowest inhibition was shown by T-24 (51.55%). Among the Pseudomonas isolates, highest inhibition in mycelial growth of A. solani was shown by P-7 (77.73%) followed by P-12(76.00%) respectively.  The lowest inhibition was shown by P-17 (53.78%). The results indicate that different local isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens were effective against the tested pathogenic fungi which provides their potential in biological management of early blight disease of tomato.
Effect of Fertilizer Levels and Foliar Nutrition on Growth and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
Authors: Sarika T. Warpe , Prasanna Jakku , Sonawane D. A. , Ghodke P. B. , Ubale S. P.
Published: April 2022

Improper nutrition being the major constraint of soybean fields in the state of Maharashtra, an investigation entitled “Effect of fertilizer levels and foliar nutrition on growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)” was conducted during Kharif  2019 at Agronomy farm, College of Agriculture, Pune. The seven treatment combinations were laid out in factorial randomized block design and was replicated thrice. The results revealed that application of 100% GRDF has recorded significantly higher all the growth and yield contributing characters viz., plant height (58.94 cm), number of branches plant-1(6.67), leaf area plant-1 (29.10 dm2), dry matter plant-1 (24.30 g), number of pods plant-1 (62.80), number of seeds pod-1 (2.46), seed weight plant-1 (29.87 g), seed and straw yield (21.73 and 29.63 q ha-1, respectively). From the treatments chosen for the investigation, 1% foliar spray application with 19:19:19 recorded significantly higher growth and yield contributing characters namely, plant height (59.46 cm), number of branches plant-1 (6.95), leaf area (10.63 dm2), dry matter plant-1 (26.07 g), number of pods plant-1 (68.25), number of seeds pod-1 (2.70), seed weight plant-1(35.37 g), grain and straw yield (25.53 and 33.51 q ha-1, respectively).
A Geomorphological Survey and Landscape Analysis of Anambra State Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ayadiuno Romanus Udegbunam , Ndulue Dominic Chukwuka , Mozie Arinze Tagbo
Published: April 2022

This paper looks at the terrain and landforms in Anambra State. The research used both primary and secondary data. Primary data used are measurements and direct field observations. Secondary data are from Satellite imageries of the State obtained and analyzed using ArcGIS to show the variations in the terrain and landforms of the study area, and other literature. The geology, topography and soil types of the State were identified, analyzed and mapped. The result shows among other things the relationship between soil type and settlement vis-à-vis population. The slope analysis was also carried out in order to identify areas with steep slopes that limit accessibility and other economic activities. The paper concludes that there is strong influence of the physical environment particularly, the geomorphological factor in determining the spatial pattern of socio-economic activities and development in Anambra State. A disproportionately high percentage of population (71.98%) as well as developmental activities and structures are found on the higher grounds, on the smaller sand – sandstone formations covering 36.42% of the State, leaving a very small percentage of population (28.02%) as well also as developmental activities and structures on the larger flood and other low plains covering 63.58% of the area. These disparities in population distribution as a result of gromorphological factors raises the issues of the need for the government and people of the State to employ new developmental ideas in the area of science and technology to overcome the limitations on the lower surfaces in other to attract settlers and balance population distribution in the State.
PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN KRISTEN DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN MANDIRI PADA MURID KELAS 2 DI SDTK PELANGI KRISTUS
Authors: Imelda Argitha
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pendidikan Kristen diterapkan dalam proses belajar mandiri di Pelangi Kristus. Pendidikan Kristen bertujuan untuk membawa anak semakin mengenal dan mengasihi Tuhan Yesus serta mengembangkan setiap potensi mereka berdasarkan kebenaran Firman Tuhan. Pembelajaran Mandiri merupakan model pembelajaran yang dapat menolong anak untuk mengenal dan merasakan Tuhan melalui setiap proses belajar yang mereka lakukan dan menolong anak mengembangkan potensi sesuai rencana Allah. Metode yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah metode yang bersifat kualitatif yaitu metode deskriptif. Metode tersebut merupakan cara untuk menggambarkan atau mendeskripsikan fakta yang terjadi di lapangan dan hubungannya dengan objek yang diamati. Dalam mengumpulkan data, peneliti menggunakan metode wawancara dan observasi. Untuk menguji keabsahan data peneliti menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa anak bisa mengenal dan merasakan kehadiran Tuhan melalui proses belajar mandiri yang diterapkan oleh Pelangi Kristus.
PERANAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENJALANKAN VISI SEKOLAH DI SDTK PELANGI KRISTUS SURABAYA BERDASARKAN PRINSIP KEPEMIMPINAN KRISTEN
Authors: Tuwo Chetsy Leli Dian
Published: April 2022

Kepala sekolah memiliki peranan dalam menjalankan visi sekolah Kristen. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peranan kepala sekolah dalam menjalankan visi sekolah di SDTK Pelangi Kristus Surabaya berdasarkan prinsip kepemimpinan Kristen. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dalam menjalankan visi sekolah berdasarkan prinsip kepemimpinan Kristen kepala sekolah memiliki peranan sebagai pemimpin visioner yang menerapkan visi sekolah, sebagai pemimpin rapat evaluasi dan sebagai sahabat murid. Peranan yang berdasarkan prinsip kepemimpinan Kristen adalah kepala sekolah memimpin berdasarkan kebenaran Firman Tuhan yaitu melayani sesama, memuridkan dan memberikan teladan.
MENOLONG ANAK TUNANETRA DI KELAS VI MEMBANGUN RELASI DENGAN TUHAN MELALUI MEMBACA ALKITAB MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI AUDIO BIBLE
Authors: Datu Selpi Ana
Published: April 2022

Berelasi dengan Tuhan adalah kebutuhan utama manusia. Relasi manusia dengan Tuhan bisa dibangun melalui membaca Alkitab. Hubungan atau relasi manusia dengan Tuhan melalui membaca Alkitab perlu dibangun sejak dari masa anak-anak. Hal ini berlaku juga bagi penyandang tunanetra. Penyandang tunanetra juga butuh membangun relasi dengan Tuhan melalui membaca Alkitab sejak dari masa anak-anak. Penyandang tunanetra adalah seseorang yang indra penglihatannya tidak dapat berfungsi. Hal ini membuat penyandang tunanetra membutuhkan alat bantu untuk bisa membaca Alkitab. Adapun rumusan masalah yang dibahas dalam artikel ini, yaitu, Pertama cara menolong anak tunanetra di kelas VI membangun relasi dengan Tuhan melalui membaca Alkitab. Kedua, anak tunanetra di kelas VI dapat membangun dan mengalami relasi dengan Tuhan melalui aplikasi Audio Bible. Aplikasi Audio Bible adalah aplikasi yang diciptakan untuk menolong anak tunanetra membaca Alkitab. Aplikasi ini digunakan melalui penggunaan suara dan indra pendengaran. Aplikasi Audio Bible sudah diuji cobakan kepada siswa tunanetra. Hasil dari uji coba terbukti bahwa anak tunanetra dapat membangun dan mengalami relasi dengan Tuhan melalui pemanfaatan aplikasi Audio Bible.
Another wrinkle with age: Aged collagen and intra‐peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer
Authors: Harper Elizabeth I. , Hilliard Tyvette S. , Sheedy Emma F. , Carey Preston , Wilkinson Paul , Siroky Michael D. , Yang Jing , Agadi Elizabeth , Leonard Annemarie K. , Low Ethan , Liu Yueying , Biragyn Arya , Annunziata Christina M. , Stack Mary Sharon
Published: April 2022

Background

Age is the most significant risk factor for ovarian cancer (OvCa), the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. Metastasizing OvCa cells adhere to the omentum, a peritoneal structure rich in collagen, adipocytes, and immune cells. Ultrastructural changes in the omentum and the omental collagen matrix with aging have not been evaluated.

Aim

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that age‐related changes in collagen in the ovarian tumor microenvironment promote OvCa metastatic success in the aged host.

Methods/Results

Young (3–6 months) and aged mice (20–23 months) were used to study the role of aging in metastatic success. Intra‐peritoneal (IP) injection of ID8Trp53–/– OvCa cells showed enhanced IP dissemination in aged versus young mice. In vitro assays using purified collagen demonstrated reduced collagenolysis of aged fibers, as visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantified with a hydroxyproline release assay. Omental tumors in young and aged mice showed similar collagen deposition; however enhanced intra‐tumoral collagen remodeling was seen in aged mice probed with a biotinylated collagen hybridizing peptide (CHP). In contrast, second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy showed significant differences in collagen fiber structure and organization in omental tissue, and SEM demonstrated enhanced omental fenestration in aged omenta. Combined SHG and Alexa Fluor‐CHP microscopy in vivo demonstrated that peri‐tumoral collagen was remodeled more extensively in young mice. This collagen population represents truly aged host collagen, in contrast to intra‐tumoral collagen that is newly synthesized, likely by cancer‐associated fibroblasts.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that tumors in an aged host can grow with minimal collagen remodeling, while tumors in the young host must remodel peri‐tumoral collagen to enable effective proliferation, providing a mechanism whereby age‐induced ultrastructural changes in collagen and collagen‐rich omenta establish a permissive premetastatic niche contributing to enhanced OvCa metastatic success in the aged host.
A Thermally Switchable Bifunctional Metasurface for Broadband Polarization Conversion and Absorption Based on Phase‐Change Material
Authors: Chen Jiajia , Chen Xieyu , Liu Kuan , Zhang Shoujun , Cao Tun , Tian Zhen
Published: April 2022

Integrating tunable characteristics and multiple functions into a single metasurface attracts more and more attention. Herein, a reconfigurable bifunctional metasurface is proposed to realize the switch between broadband polarization conversion and absorption. The switchable performance can be achieved by changing the conductivity of phase‐change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) in the way of heating. When the conductivity σ of GST is set to 0 Sm−1, the metasurface is a polarizer that can transform the x‐polarized wave into the y‐polarized wave in the range of 0.53–1.22 THz. Moreover, its polarization–conversion ratio (PCR) is more than 90% from 0.60 to 1.15 THz. As σ increases to 1 × 105 Sm−1, the metasurface absorbs more than 75% of the incident wave from 0.44 to 1.34 THz, which means it is a broadband absorber. In addition, the performance of the metasurface is verified by simulation, experiment, and theory. Through comparison, the three results have a high fitting degree. The reconfigurable metasurface provides a new way to develop switchable photonic devices in the terahertz frequency region.
Highly Efficient and Thermally Stable Ba0.75Al11O17.25: Eu2+, Mn2+ Phosphor with Dual Narrowband Blue and Green Emissions: A Promising Candidate for Wide Gamut Displays
Authors: Huang Congcong , Huang Decai , Xu Shouliang , Zhang Jingrong , Liang Sisi , Hu Jie , Xu Kunyuan , Chen Dejian , Zhu Haomiao
Published: April 2022

The discovery of Eu2+‐activated narrowband green phosphor is pivotal for wide gamut liquid crystal displays (LCDs) but facing a great challenge due to the broadband emitting nature of Eu2+ ions. Alternatively, Mn2+ ions can generate extremely narrow green emission band but suffering from their weak absorption. Herein, Eu2+ ions with strong absorption are used to sensitize Mn2+ ions in the Ba0.75Al11O17.25 host. The Mn2+ ions exhibit a green emission band peaked at 515 nm with an extremely narrow bandwidth of 27 nm. More importantly, the Eu2+ ions show strong absorption at 340–380 nm and a blue emission band peaked at 450 nm with a relatively narrow bandwidth of 51 nm. Thus, the Ba0.75Al11O17.25: Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphor can be used as a dual narrowband blue and green emitting phosphor with commercial ultraviolet diode chips excitation. Moreover, this phosphor exhibits impressive overall performance that fulfills the key standards of commercial phosphors, including high emission efficiency, excellent photoluminescence thermal stability, and outstanding chemical stability. The packaged light‐emitting diode (LED) using 365 nm chips, Ba0.75Al11O17.25: Eu2+, Mn2+ and K2TiF6:Mn4+ phosphor generates a ultrawide color gamut of 121% National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) in Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage 1931 (CIE 1931).
A compact heat recirculating spiral geometry for thermal integration for Sabatier reaction in microreactor
Authors: Raghu Aswathy K. , Kaisare Niket S.
Published: April 2022

Sabatier reaction, the catalytic reduction of CO2 to methane, is a reversible and exothermic reaction that produces CO as a by‐product. We use two‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze the performance of a three‐turn spiral microreactor, useful for portable or modular applications. Spiral reactor has inlet at the center followed by three turns that spirals outwards. It allows thermal integration via co‐current self‐coupling of Sabatier reaction, which enables utilizing the exothermic heat of methanation for preheating of the cold reactants by hot products. Due to compact nature of the geometry, heat released spreads out in the reactor causing an overall moderation of temperature. A favorable cooling effect is achieved in spiral geometry without using external cooling or feed dilution, merely by the property of reactor configuration. For the base case, 71% conversion with 92.6% selectivity to CH4 is attained. Comparison with counter‐current operating strategy in U‐bend reactor is presented.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral N‐Aryl‐3‐methyleneisoindolin‐1‐ones
Authors: Liu Min , Huang Min , Li Wenzhe , Yan Yingkun , Li Min , Zhang Xiaomei
Published: April 2022

3‐Methyleneisoindolin‐1‐one units exist in many natural products and pharmaceutics. Up to now, synthesis of axially chiral 3‐methyleneisoindolin‐1‐ones has been rarely reported. Herein we disclose a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed enantioselective condensation of 2‐acetylbenzoic acid derivatives with 2‐substituted aniline derivatives, leading to the construction of a series of novel C−N axially chiral N‐aryl‐3‐methylene‐isoindolin‐1‐ones in moderate to good yields (up to 97%) with generally moderate enantioselectivities (up to 87% ee). In addition, the absolute configuration of one product was determined by an X‐ray crystal structural analysis. Furthermore, one product was subjected to oxidative cleavage to generate an axially chiral phthalimide.
Dewar Metallabenzenes from Reactions of Metallacyclobutadienes with Alkynes
Authors: Wei Wei , Xu Xin , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Lin Zhenyang , Jia Guochen
Published: April 2022

Dewar benzenes, the metastable valence isomers of benzenes, have been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically. In contrast, little is known about Dewar metallabenzenes having a transition metal in the skeletal framework, despite the recent intensive interest in the development of chemistry of metallabenzenes. Herein, we report the isolation and characterization of the first examples of structurally characterized Dewar metallabenzenes. These compounds were generated via unprecedented reactions of metallacyclobutadienes with aminoalkynes.
Selektivitätskontrolle in elektrokatalytischen Oxidationsreaktionen durch Ionische Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Yang Tian , Yang Juntao , Deng Xin , Franz Evanie , Fromm Lukas , Taccardi Nicola , Liu Zhi , Görling Andreas , Wasserscheid Peter , Brummel Olaf , Libuda Jörg
Published: April 2022

Der so genannte SCILL‐Katalysator (englisch: solid catalyst with ionic liquid layer) beschreibt ein neues, äußerst erfolgreiches Konzept im Bereich der heterogenen Katalyse. Hierbei besteht die Grundidee darin, die Selektivität eines Katalysators durch die Beladung mit ionischen Flüssigkeiten drastisch zu erhöhen. In dieser Arbeit zeigen wir, dass das Konzept auf die Elektrokatalyse übertragbar ist und zur selektiven Umsetzung von organischen Verbindungen genutzt werden kann. Bei der hier untersuchten Elektrooxidation von 2,3‐Butandiol können zwei Produkte entstehen. Das einfach oxidierte Acetoin und das zweifach oxidierte Diacetyl. Durch die Zugabe einer ionischen Flüssigkeit (1‐Ethyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium‐trifluormethansulfonat, [C2C1Im][OTf]) kann die Selektivität des Katalysators zu Gunsten der Acetoinbildung drastisch erhöht werden. Der zugrundeliegende Mechanismus wurde dabei spektroskopisch in situ untersucht: Die Adsorption des Anions der ionischen Flüssigkeit verhindert die Wasseraktivierung. Dies unterbindet den zweiten Oxidationsschritt vom Acetoin zum Diacetyl und erhöht damit die Selektivität. Unsere Studie zeigt das große Potential elektrochemischer SCILL‐Katalysatoren für die selektive Umsetzung von organischen Verbindungen.
A Low‐Temperature‐Resistant Flexible Organic Crystal with Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Pan Xiuhong , Zheng Anyi , Yu Xu , Di Qi , Li Liang , Duan Pengfei , Ye Kaiqi , Naumov Panče , Zhang Hongyu
Published: April 2022

Flexible organic crystals with unique mechanical properties and excellent optical properties are of paramount significance for their wide applications in various research fields such as adaptive optics and soft robotics. However, low‐temperature‐resistant flexible organic crystal with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) has never been reported. Herein, chiral organic crystals with CPL activity and low‐temperature flexibility (77 K) are fabricated by the solvent diffusion method from chiral Schiff base, S(R)‐4‐bromo‐2‐(((1‐phenylethyl)imino)methyl)phenol (S(R)‐BPEMP). The corresponding chirooptical properties for the two enantiomeric crystals were thoroughly investigated, including the measurements of circular dichroism (CD) and CPL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on low‐molecular‐weight flexible organic crystals with CPL activity, and we believe that the results will give a new impetus to the research of organic crystals.
Sulfate‐Enabled Nitrate Synthesis from Nitrogen Electrooxidation on a Rhodium Electrocatalyst
Authors: Li Tieliang , Han Shuhe , Cheng Chuanqi , Wang Yuting , Du Xiwen , Yu Yifu , Zhang Bin
Published: April 2022

The electrocatalytic nitrogen oxidation reaction (NOR) to generate nitrate is gaining increasing attention as an alternative approach to the conventional industrial manufacture. But, current progress in NOR is limited by the difficulties in activation and conversion of the strong N≡N bond (941 kJ mol−1). Herein, we designed to utilize sulfate to enhance NOR performance over an Rh electrocatalyst. After the addition of sulfate, the inert Rh nanoparticles exhibited superior NOR performance with a nitrate yield of 168.0 μmol gcat−1 h−1. The 15N isotope‐labeling experiment confirmed the produced nitrate from nitrogen electrooxidation. A series of electrochemical in situ characterizations and theoretical calculation unveiled that sulfate promoted nitrogen adsorption and decreased the reaction energy barrier, and in situ formed sulfate radicals reduced the activation energy of the potential‐determining step, thus accelerating NOR.
High‐speed video and plant ultrastructure define mechanisms of gametophyte dispersal
Authors: Mitchell Nora , Piatczyc Nancy P. , Wang Darren D. , Edwards Joan
Published: April 2022

Dispersal of gametophytes is critical for land plant survivorship and reproduction. It defines potential colonization and geographical distribution as well as genetic mixing and evolution. C. T. Ingold's classic works on Spore Discharge in Land Plants and Spore Liberation review mechanisms for spore release and dispersal based on real‐time observations, basic histology, and light microscopy. Many mechanisms underlying spore liberation are explosive and have evolved independently multiple times. These mechanisms involve physiological processes such as water gain and loss, coupled with structural features using different plant tissues. Here we review how high‐speed video and analyses of ultrastructure have defined new biomechanical mechanisms for the dispersal of gametophytes through the dissemination of haploid diaspores, including spores, pollen, and asexual reproductive propagules. This comparative review highlights the diversity and importance of rapid movements in plants for dispersing gametophytes and considerations for using combinations of high‐speed video methods and microscopic techniques to understand these dispersal movements. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is crucial not only for understanding gametophyte ecology but also for applied engineering and biomimetic applications used in human technologies.
Optimal time‐consistent social health insurance and private health insurance strategy under a new health insurance framework
Authors: Yang Peng , Chen Zhiping
Published: April 2022

A new continuous‐time health insurance framework is proposed to simultaneously determine the optimal social health insurance strategy and optimal private health insurance strategy. The social health insurance can cover both the expenditures of general illnesses and critical illnesses, while the private health insurance only covers the expenditure of critical illnesses. To reflect the inevitable connection between critical illnesses and general illnesses, we assume that the number of critical illnesses and the number of general illnesses are positively correlated. The policyholder's objective is to find an optimal time‐consistent social health insurance and private health insurance strategy so as to maximize the expected terminal wealth while minimizing the variance of the terminal wealth. Explicit solutions for the optimal time‐consistent health insurance strategy and the corresponding value function are obtained by employing the stochastic control technique. Finally, we numerically examine the influence of expenditure parameters on the optimal time‐consistent health insurance strategy, and also examine the effect of the health insurance on the policyholder. The results reveal the similarities and differences between social health insurance and private health insurance, which provide insightful guidance for health insurance practice in reality.
Review of the structures and functions of algal photoreceptors to optimize bioproduct production with novel bioreactor designs for strain improvement
Authors: Shankar Uttara , Lenka Sangram K. , Ackland M. Leigh , Callahan Damien L.
Published: April 2022

Microalgae are important renewable feedstock to produce biodiesel and high‐value chemicals. Different wavelengths of light influence the growth and metabolic activities of algae. Recent research has identified the light‐sensing proteins called photoreceptors that respond to blue or red light. Structural elucidations of algal photoreceptors have gained momentum over recent years. These include channelrhodopsins, PHOT proteins, animal‐like cryptochromes, and blue‐light sensors utilizing flavin‐adenine dinucleotide proteins. Pulsing light has also been investigated as a means to optimize energy inputs into bioreactors. This study summarizes the current structural and functional basis of photoreceptor modulation to optimize the growth, production of carotenoids and other high‐value metabolites from microalgae. The review also encompasses novel photobioreactor designs that implement different light regimes including light wavelengths and time to optimize algal growth and desired metabolite profiles for high‐value products.
Photoaffinity Labeling‐Based Chemoproteomic Strategy Reveals RBBP4 as a Cellular Target of Protopanaxadiol against Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhuo Fang‐Fang , Guo Qiang , Zheng Yong‐Zhe , Liu Ting‐Ting , Yang Zhuo , Xu Qi‐He , Jiang Yong , Liu Dan , Zeng Ke‐Wu , Tu Peng‐Fei
Published: April 2022

Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a main ginseng metabolite, exerts powerful anticancer effects against multiple types of cancer; however, its cellular targets remain elusive. Here, we synthesized a cell‐permeable PPD probe via introducing a bifunctional alkyne‐containing diazirine photo‐crosslinker and performed a photoaffinity labeling‐based chemoproteomic study. We identified retinoblastoma binding protein 4 (RBBP4), a chromatin remodeling factor, as an essential cellular target of PPD in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. PPD significantly decreased RBBP4‐dependent trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3), a crucial epigenetic marker that correlates with histologic signs of colorectal cancer aggressiveness, and PPD inhibition of proliferation and migration of HCT116 cells was antagonized by RBBP4 RNA silencing. Collectively, our study highlights a previously undisclosed anti‐colorectal cancer cellular target of the ginseng metabolite and advances the fundamental understanding of RBBP4 functions via a chemical biology strategy.
Advanced percutaneous management in acute pulmonary embolism: Real‐world challenges and opportunities
Authors: Colopi Marzia , Musumeci Giuseppe
Published: April 2022

Key Points

Patients with intermediate‐ and high‐risk PE represent the populations at highest risk for early mortality and require prompt debulking and reperfusion therapy.

Mechanical thrombectomy can result in immediate hemodynamic improvements, symptom reduction, and cardiac function recovery.
Physiologic liquid plumber: A novel treatment to facilitate crossing of chronic total occlusions
Authors: Patel Nachiket J. , Heuser Richard R.
Published: April 2022

Key Points

MZ‐004 is a collagenase enzyme formulation that degrades collagen, a key component of CTOs

Collagenase administered into the proximal CTO cap is safe and increased the success soft‐tipped guidewire crossing rates in CTOs

There was no difference in CTO PCI success with collagenase versus placebo