bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toksisitas Metabolit Skunder Penicillium Sp. Pada Berbagai Mediakultur Untuk Mengendalikan Spodoptera Sp. In Vitro
Authors: Sanjaya Eko Muri , Tobing M Cyccu , Lisnawati Lisnawati
Published: January 2019

Penelitian untuk mengetahui toksisitas metabolit skunder Penicillium sp. pada berbagai media kultur yang akan digunakanuntuk mengendalikan Spodoptera sp. in vitro telah dilakukandi Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara pada bulan Januari – Agustus 2016. Berbagai media biakan Penicillium sp. Yaitu Potato Dextrose Agar (Kontrol), Sabouraud Dextrose Agar, D0C2, Czapek Dox Agar, dan tepung yang dibuat dari tubuh Spodoptera sp. telah digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan media tepung yang dibuat dari tubuh Spodoptera sp. memiliki toksisitas tertinggi dengan persentase mortalitas 100% pada pengamatan jam ke enam. Lt50 didapat pada 3,545 jam.

This study was to determine the toxicity of secondary metabolites of Penicillium sp. on various culture media used to control Spodoptera sp. in vitro. Various culture media for Penicillium sp. such as Potato Dextrose Agar (Control), Sabouraud Dextrose Agar, D0C2, Czapek Dox Agar, and flour made from the body of Spodoptera sp. has been used. The results showed that flour media made from the body of Spodoptera sp. has the highest toxicity with a percentage of 100% mortality at the sixth-hour observation. Lt50 is obtained at 3,545 hours.
Uji Efektivitas Spodoptera Litura Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV) sebagai Agen Hayati Terhadap Spodoptera Litura Fabr. (Lepidoptera : Noctuide) di Laboratorium
Authors: Khorir Ferdinan , Safni Irda , Sitepu Suzanna Fitriany
Published: January 2019

Spodoptera litura merupakan hama polifag yang menyerang berbagai tanaman budidaya. Spodoptera litura Nucleopolyhedrovirus(SpltNPV) merupakan virus entomopatogen yang dapat menginfeksi dan menyebabkan kematian pada serangga.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas SpltNPV pada tingkat konsentrasi dan instar yang berbeda terhadap larva S. litura. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Perlindungan Tanaman Pangandan Hortikultura (BPTH) Sumatera Utara pada Januari sampai Februari 2016. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi SpltNPV (kontrol, 3000, 4000, 5000 ppm) dan faktor kedua adalah instar (Instar 2, 3, 4). Hasi lpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa mortalitas tertinggi antara interaksi konsentrasi SpltNPV dan instar tertinggi konsentrasi 5000 ppm dan instar 2 yaitu 61,21%. Dan waktu mematikan 50% (LT50) terbaik terdapat pada konsentrasi 5000 ppm (4,91 hari).

Spodoptera litura is a polyphagous pest that attacks various cultivated plants. Spodoptera litura Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV) is an entomopathogenic virus that can infect and cause death in insects. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of SpltNPV at different levels of concentration (control, 3000, 4000, 5000 ppm) and instar for S. litura larvae (Instar 2, 3, 4). The study was carried by using a completely randomized design with two factors and three replications. The results showed that the highest mortality between the interaction of SpltNPV concentration and the highest instar of 5000 ppm and instar 2 was 61.21%. The best turn off time of 50% (LT50) is at a concentration of 5000 ppm (4.91 days).
Uji Virulensi Dua Isolat Ganoderma sp. terhadap Bibit Kelapa Sawit Kultur Jaringan di Laboratorium
Authors: Fadli Nst Mhd Irvan , Lisnawita Lisnawita , Sitepu Suzanna
Published: January 2019

Busuk pangkal batang (Ganoderma sp.) pada tanaman kelapa sawit merupakan penyakit utama yang dihadapi oleh perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia. Di lapangan banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dari penyakit busuk pangkal batang dan penyakit ini menunjukkan serangan yang berbeda di setiap daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat daya virulensi dari dua isolat Ganoderma sp. yang berasal dari daerah berbeda tanpa adanya faktor-faktor lain pada kelapa sawit kultur jaringan secara invitro. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara pada bulan Maret - Juli 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan 3 perlakuan penginokulasian yaitu isolat Ganoderma sp.I, isolat Ganoderma sp.II, dan Kontrol. Hasil menunjukkan adanya perbedaan daya virulensi dari kedua isolat Ganoderma, dimana kejadian penyakit dan keparah penyakit tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan Ganoderma isolat II.

The stem rot (Ganoderma sp.) is the main disease faced by oil palm plantations in Indonesia. There are many factors that can affect the growth and development of stem rot in the different region. This study aims to study the virulence of two isolates of Ganoderma sp. originating from different regions in the absence of other factors in oil palm tissue culture in vitro. This study used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design with 3 inoculation treatments, such as isolates I and II of Ganoderma sp., and Control. The results showed that there were differences in virulence power of the two Ganoderma sp. isolates, where the highest incidence of disease and severity of disease occurred in the treatment of isolates II of Ganoderma sp.
Uji Metabolit Trichoderma spp. Terhadap Ganoderma sp.IN VITRO
Authors: BM Ni‘mal Hamdi , Lisnawati Lisnawati , Pinem Mukhtar Iskandar
Published: January 2019

Ganoderma spp.merupakan penyakit penting yang menyebabkan kerugian besar pada tanaman kelapa sawit.Ganoderma spp. menurunkan produksi kelapa sawit 78 % dari total produksi kelapa sawit di Sumatera Utara. Pengendalian kimia dan kultur teknis hanya dapat mengurangi serangan Ganoderma spp.10%/ha sehingga dibutuhkan alternatif pengendalian hayati, seperti penggunan cendawan antagonis. Trichoderma merupakan cendawan antagonis yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Ganoderma spp.dengan menghasilkan metabolik skunder dan toxin ekstraseluler. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji metabolit Trichoderma spp. untuk mengendalikan Ganoderma spp.in vitro.Penelitian ini di lakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian USU (±25m dpl.) pada Juli – Desember 2015 menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap non faktorial dengan bebrapa jenis isolat jamur yaitu: Kontrol, Trichodermaspp.1, Trichodermaspp.2, Trichodermaspp.3, Trichodermaspp. 4, Trichodermaspp.5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daya hambat tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan Trichodermaspp.2 dan nilai uji filtrat tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan Trichodermaspp.2.

Ganoderma sp. is an important disease that causes large losses in oil palm plants. Ganoderma sp. reduce palm oil production to 78% of total palm oil production in North Sumatra. Chemical control and technical culture can only reduce the attack of Ganoderma spp. of 10%/ha, so that an alternative biological control is needed, such as the use of antagonist fungi. Trichoderma sp. is an antagonistic fungus that can inhibit the growth of Ganoderma sp. by producing metabolic secondary and extracellular toxins. This study aims to examine the metabolites of Trichoderma sp. in controlling Ganoderma sp. in vitro. This study was by using a non-factorial complete randomized design with several types of fungi isolates such as Control, Trichoderma sp. 1, Trichoderma sp. 2, Trichoderma sp. 3, Trichoderma sp. 4, and Trichoderma sp. 5. The results showed that the highest inhibition was found in the treatment of Trichoderma sp. 2 and the highest filtrate test value was found in the treatment of Trichoderma sp. 2.
Peranan Stemflow dan Throughfall Vegetasi Hutan Kota dalam Menurunkan Kandungan Unsur Kimia Hujan Asam
Authors: Slamet Bejo , Hasibuan Welly , Hidayati Hidayati
Published: January 2019

Impact of acid rain on people's lives were studied but study of the vegetation role in reducing chemical elements of rainwater that reach the soil surface were limited. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of urban forest vegetation around the Medan Industrial Zone to reducing acid rain that reached the soil surface through the mechanism of stemflow and throughfall. This research was conducted by analyzing the chemical content of stemflow and througfall water from Pterocarpus indica Will., Mangifera indica, and Gnetum gnemon plants. Parameters analyzed were water acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), SO42-, NO3-, NH4 +, Ca 2+, Mg 2+ and Na +. Water analysis carried out in the Laboratory of the Environmental Agency of North Sumatra Province. The results indicate that the water that has been through the process of stemflow and throughfall consistently raises the pH, electrical conductivity, NH4 +, Ca 2+, Mg 2+ and Na + and reduce the content of anion SO42- and NO3 compared with water from open area. Stemflow and throughfall were able to reduce the content of acidic ions and increasing the content of alkali ions and reduced rain water acidity.
Potensi Pengetahuan Lokal untuk Pengembangan Sistem Peringatan Dini Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan
Authors: Thoha Achmad Siddik , Saharjo Bambang Hero , Boer Rizaldi , Ardiansyah Muhammad
Published: January 2019

To develop community-based early warning systemof forest and land fires is needed local knowledges exploration that have correspondence to existing systems. The objectives of this study were to determine characteristics offorest and land fires and to explore local knowledge related to forest and land fire early warning system. Spatial analysis with geographic information system of hotspot data,rainfall spatial distribution and fire driving factors were used to determine temporal and spatial characteristics of forest and land fires. Local knowledge regarding of dry season prediction, fire location and causes of fire were determined by depth interviews and focus group discussions. Results of this study showed that temporal and spatial analysis of hotspot data, rainfall and fire driving factors have correspondency to local knowledge offorest and land fires early warning. Hotspot and rainfallanalysis also correspondend tolocal knowledge about prediction of risk and monitoring of forest and land fires. Spatial analysis of hotspot data with fire driving factorsnamely land cover, river, road and land types also correspondend to public knowledge about monitoring, analysis and prediction of hazard. We conclude that local knowledge have big potency that strengthen institutionally in controlling forest fires and land in Kapuas.
Ecological Studies of Odonata Population in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Ameilia Zuliyanti
Published: January 2019

Odonata is importants insect groups in the world. Ten ha rice field plot in three sites in Manik Rambung Rice Field (MRRF), Simalungun District, North of Sumatera (latitude: 2°53‘ 52.8"N and longitude: 99° 00‘24.4"E, about 90 km from Medan City at 594 - 602 masl) were recorded of Odonata population. The farmers have rice culture practices, combine with fish farming during season paddy planting. The comparison was conducted which nine stations of green Campus areas with purpossive randomsampling in a month (November, 1. 2011 until November, 28. 2011) using sweep net (400 μm mesh, 60cm x 90cm) which six swings started from 0900 to 1200 for collection of Odonata. The results were collected 445 individuals from sub-order Zygopteran and 892 individuals from sub order Anisoperan, 3 families, and 19 species of adults Odonata were identified IN MRRF. Family Coenagrionidae (Zygoptera) were dominant by Agriocnemis femina, A. pygmaea, and Ischnura senegalensis. Only Ictinogomphus decoratus recorded fromGomphidae and 11 species from Libellulidae. While two sub order, 4 families, 26 genera, 31 species and 436 individuals of Odonata identified in green campus, USU, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. In MRRF, the ecological indices were calculated with score H‘ (0.88 - 2.50), Index Simpson (1-D) recorded were 0.49 until 0.99, while index Jaccard with 0.60-1.00. While Diversities indices Shannon and Evenness Pilou of Odonata in Campus USU was lower recorded in Station 7 and Station 1, while the highest were collected in Station 3 and Station 6. The diversities and evenness Odonata species were varied (H‘=2.20-3.42 and E=0.55-0.78). Comparison to the eveness and richness of Odonata species in each stations were differences, which effected by natural habitat, heterogenous vegetations of plants, time and weather while taken sampling, biotic, physics, and chemicals factors in environmental system are varied.
Keragaman Genetik Mindi (Melia Azedarach L) Asal Desa Selaawi, Kec. Talegong, Kab. Garut, Prop. Jawa Barat dengan Penanda Mikrosatelit
Authors: Rambey Ridahati , Siregar Iskandar Z. , Wijayanto Nurheni , Mulya Siregar Edy Batara , Onrizal Onrizal , Basyuni Mohammad , Susilowati Arida
Published: January 2019

Melia azedarach L. is one of the fast growing spesies which is potential to be develoved in community forest. This species is found to ocuppy most agroforestry lands in Selaawi Village (Garut, West Java). Based on interview with community that there are two types small fruit mindi and big fruit mindi. Microsatelit marker were used to assess the genetic variation. The results showed that the genetic variation of mindi in Selaawi Village was high ranging from He 0,379 – 0,439.
Benefits of Promoting Native Chickens for Sustainable Rural Poultry Development in Indonesia
Authors: Henuk Yusuf L. , Bakti Darma
Published: January 2019

There are many benefits of promoting of native chickens for rural poultry development in Indonesia. They are commonly raised in many areas of Indonesia and play a major role in food production, providing the main source of dietary animal protein for many people. They are often called “non-breed chickens"— (“or (“buras") to differentiate them from modern commercialized chicken breeds. There are at least 34 kinds of native chickens in Indonesia. Some of the more common native chickens, namely Ayunai, Balenggek, Banten, Bangkok, Burgo, Bekisar, Cemani, Ciparage, Gaok, Kampung, Kasintu, Kedu, Pelung, Lamba, Maleo, Merawang, Nagrak, Nunukan, Nusa Penida, Olagan, Sedayu, Sentul, Sumatera, Tolaki, Tukung, Wareng, Sabu, and Semau. Some of them are used for non-food purposes. Indonesia with its population is over 258.71 million people in 2016 has an annual level of protein consumption from poultry meat of 12.97 kg/capita/year and poultry eggs exceeded 190 eggs/capita/year. They accounted for about 10% of Indonesia‘s total meat consumption compared to broiler (55%), beef (19%), pork (8%), goat (7%), and others (1%) with its per capita meat consumption from livestock is still lower compared to many countries. There are three types of husbandry systems are used to raise native chickens in Indonesia. First, the extensive traditional system, farmers usually reared them ranged between 2 to 20 birds. Second, the semi-intensive with the bird numbers typically range from the least ownership of 25 birds to hundreds. Finally, there is professionally managed intensive system. The number of chickens reared is varies from hundreds to thousands.
Pengamatan Tingkat Variasi Genetik dengan Menggunakan Teknik DNA Profilling pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Berdasarkan Marka Random Amplified Polymorpism DNA (RAPD)
Authors: Pasaribu Arnen , P. Putri Lollie Agustina
Published: January 2019

Proses pemuliaan tanaman merupakan langkah awal dalam mendapatkan varietas unggul tanaman kelapa sawit. Pengamatan terhadap variasi genetik perlu dilakukan untuk menyusun program pemuliaan tanaman. Teknik DNA profiling dapat dilakukan untuk mendeteksi variasi genetik ditingkat molekuler. Tujuan penelitan adalah untuk mendapatkan keragaman molekuler berdasarkan marka RAPD. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan mengamati persentase filogenetik analysis dan PCOA analysis. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi membentuk tiga kluster dan berdasarkan analisis PCoA menunjukkan tingkat keragaman molekuler sebesar 43.65%.

The plant breeding process is the first step in getting superior varieties of oil palm plants. Observation of genetic variation needs to be done to develop a plant breeding program. DNA profiling techniques can be carried out to detect genetic variations at the molecular level. The aim of the research to obtain molecular diversity based on RAPD markers. The research method was carried out by observing the percentage of phylogenetic analysis and PCOA analysis. The results showed that the population formed three clusters and based on PCOA analysis showed a level of molecular diversity of 43.65%.
Penerapan Instrumen Ekonomi Lingkungan Hidup dalam Kebijakan Pemberian Kredit Perbankan
Authors: Chan Syapri
Published: January 2019

Penerapan Instrumen Ekonomi Lingkungan Hidup dalam ketentuan Pasal 42 dan 43 Undang-Undang No. 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup dapat dilihat sebagai upaya mewujudkan pembangunan berkelanjutan yaitu memberikan perlindungan pada lingkungan hidup melalui pendekatan yang sejalan dengan kaidah-kaidah pasar ekonomi, sehingga upaya pengelolaan lingkungan hidup tidak mengganggu pertumbuhan sektor usaha dan ekonomi makro pada umumnya. Instrumen ekonomi lingkungan hidup (salah satunya adalah insentif dan/atau disinsentif) ini wajib dikembangkan dan diterapkan oleh Pemerintah dan pemerintah daerah dalam rangka melestarikan fungsi lingkungan hidup. Tujuan instrumen insentif dan/atau disinsentif ini adalah untuk melestarikan fungsi lingkungan hidup melalui pemberian kredit perbankan kepada nasabah debitur. Penelitianini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa penerapan instrumen insentif dan/atau disinsentif ini sangat signifikan untuk mencegah terjadinya pencemaran dan perusakan lingkungan hidup karena sejak dari awal nasabah debitur yang mengajukan kredit/pembiayaan atas usaha dan/atau kegiatannya sudah dapat diketahui apakah nasabah debitur tersebut peduli atau lalai terhadap lingkungan hidup. Dengan penerapan instrumen insentif dan/atau disinsentif dalam pemberian kredit perbankan terhadap nasabah debitur maka dapat dipastikan pelestarian fungsi lingkungan hidup tetap terjaga dan kredit/pembiayaan yang diberikan perbankan kepada nasabah debitur tidak terjadi kredit macet

 

Application of Environmental Economic Instruments in the provisions of Article 42 and 43 of Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management can be seen as an effort to realize sustainable development. These instruments provide protection to the environment through approaches that are in line with economic market rules, so that environmental management would not disrupt the business sector and macro economy growth. These environmental economic instruments must be developed and applied by the government in order to preserve environmental functions. Using normative legal research methods the results of this study show that the application of these incentive and / or disincentive instruments is significantly prevent the occurrence of pollution and environmental damage. Since the beginning the provision banks can identify whether the debtor customer cares or neglectful about the environment. By implementing incentive and / or disincentives instruments in the provision of bank credit to debtor customers, the preservation of environmental functions could be maintained, and bad credit/ financing could be avoided.
Kajian Kelayakan Pembentukan Sentra Peternakan Sapi di Kabupaten Batubara
Authors: Vanhuri Eddi , Hasnudi Hasnudi , Lubisa Yusniar
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisi kelayakan usaha sentra peternakan sapi di Kabupaten Batubara dari aspek finansial serta menganalisis pola pengembangan sentra peternakan sapidi Kabupaten Batubara. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, jenis penelitiannya adalah survey. Sampel ditentukan dengan metode simple random sampling sebanyak 50 orang. Pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner. Data dianalisisdenganmenggunakan kelayakan finansial dan kelayakan nonfinansial serta perhitungan daya dukung lahan terhadap ternak sapi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usaha peternakan sapi di Kabupaten Batubaradilihat dari kriteria investasi kegiatan usaha layak dikembangkan. Nilai R/C sebesar 1,61. Sentra peternakan sapi di Kabupaten Batubara berdasarkan aspek nonfinansial adalah layak dari segi aspek pasar, aspek sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya serta aspek lingkungan sekitar. Sedangkan dari aspek teknis, aspek manajemen dan hukum, masih perlu dibenahi. Total daya dukung perkebunan (sawit dan karet) serta daya dukung tanaman pangan terhadap ternak sapi di Kabupaten Batubara adalah 259.808 Satuan Ternak (ST). Pengembangan sentra peternakan sapi di Kabupaten Batubara dapat dilakukan dengan pola peternakan rakyat dengan sistem integrasi terhadap kawasan-kawasan disekitarnya yaitu: integrasi sawit-sapi; integrasi sapikaret; dan integrasi sapi-tanaman pangan

 

This study aims to analyze the financial feasibility of cattle farming center in Batubara and analyze its development pattern. This research uses a quantitative data collected from 50 samples, selected with simple random sampling. Data were analyzed with financial and non-financial feasibility and land carrying capacity estimation. The results show that the cattle farm business in Batubara is feasible to be developed, giving its R / C value of 1.61. In addition, the cattle farming business are also feasible in terms of marketing, social, economic, cultural and environmental aspects. However, this business still needs some improvement in technical, management and legal aspects. The total carrying capacity of the surrounding plantations (oil palm and rubber) and food crops is 259,808 animal husbandry units (ST). The cattle breeding centers can be developed in smallholding pattern with integrated systems such as integration of oil palm-cattle, rubber-cattle and food crops-cattle.
Peranan Restorasi Hutan dalam Konservasi Jenis Mangrove di Pesisir Timur Sumatera Utara
Authors: Amelia Rizka , Onrizal Onrizal , Sulistiyono Nurdin
Published: January 2019

Hutan mangrove merupakan sumber daya lahan basah yang berfungsi sebagai penyangga kehidupan. Namun demikian, dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, hutan mangrove banyak yang rusak atau hilang, terutama akibat konversi mangrove menjadi lahan tambak. Kegiatan restorasi mangrove pada lahan bekas tambak telah mulai dilakukan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur pemulihan jenis-jenis mangrove melalui kegiatan restorasi mangrove pada lahan bekas tambak serta mengetahui komposisi jenis hutan mangrove hasil restorasi dimaksud di pesisir timur Sumatera Utara. Sebanyak 30 plot contoh yang masing masing berukuran 10 m x 10 m telah dibangun di setiap umur tegakan (5-9 tahun) dan hutan sekunder. Seluruh pohon yang berdiameter (DBH) ≥ 2 cm di dalam plot contoh diidentifikasi dan diukur diamaternya. Secara keseluruhan, terdapat 14 jenis mangrove pada seluruh plot contoh atau setara dengan 42,42% dari seluruh jenis tumbuhan mangrove sejati yang terdapat di Indonesia. Dengan demikian, restorasi mangrove mampu memulihkan keanekaragaman jenis mangrove, sehingga restorasi mangrove pada lahan bekas tambak perlu dipromosikan dalam upaya mengembalikan berbagai fungsi mangrove bagi ketahanan masyarakat dan sumberdaya pesisir.

 

Mangrove forest is a wetland resource that serves as a buffer zone. However, in the past few decades, many mangrove forests have been damaged or converted, mainly into ponds. To address such a problem, mangrove restoration activities have begun in recent years. This research aims to measure the recovery of mangrove species on ex-pond land and indicate the type of mangrove forest composition through the mangrove restoration activities in North Sumatra. A total of 30 sample plots, with 10 m x 10 m size each, have been built at each stand age (5-9 years) and secondary forests. All trees with a diameter (DBH) ≥ 2 cm in the sample plot are identified and measured. The results show that overall, there are 14 types of mangroves in all sample plots, equivalent to 42.42% of all pure mangrove species in Indonesia. Therefore, it can be concluded that the activities can restore the diversity of mangrove species, so that needs to be promoted as an effort to restore the various functions of mangroves to resilience the community and coastal resources.
Aplikasi Kombinasi Bahan Organik Terhadap Ketersediaan dan Serapan Hara Pada Tanah Sawah Serdang Bedagai
Authors: Napitupulu Acip Satria , Hanum Hamidah , Damanik MMB
Published: January 2019

Lahan sawah yang terus menerus dipupuk secara intensif menggunakan pupuk anorganik dengan dosis yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kemunduran produktivitas lahan..Penelitian inibertujuanuntuk mengetahui potensi dari berbagai kombinasi bahan organik, perbedaan efek kompos jerami dan jerami cacah, perbedaan efek kombinasi kompos jerami dengan berbagai pupuk kandang, dan perbedaan efek kombinasi jerami cacah dengan berbagai pupuk kandang terhadap ketersediaan dan serapan hara P tanah sawah. PenelitianmenggunakanmetodeRancanganAcakLengkap dengan 7 perlakuan, yaitu : A (Kontrol), B (Kompos Jerami+Kotoran Ayam, 50g+50g/pot), C (Kompos Jerami+Kotoran Kambing, 50g+50g/pot), D (Kompos Jerami+Kotoran Sapi, 50g+50g/pot), E (Jerami Cacah+Kotoran Ayam, 50g+50g/pot), F (Jerami Cacah+Kotoran Kambing, 50g+50g/pot), G (Jerami Cacah+Kotoran Sapi, 50g+50g/pot). Data dianalisis dengan sidikragam dan uji lanjut Kontras Ortogonal. Penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi bahan organik berpengaruh nyata terhadap ketersediaan P, P HCl 25%, dan jumlah anakan namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap C-Organik, tinggi tanaman, bobot kering tanaman, hara dan serapan P tanaman. Aplikasi kompos jerami dan jerami cacah memiliki potensi yang sama dalam meningkatkan ketersediaan P, P HCl 25%, dan jumlah anakan. Penambahan kotoran kambing pada kompos jerami dan kotoran ayam pada jerami cacah, nyata lebih baik meningkatkan ketersediaan P, P HCl 25%, dan jumlah anakan.

Paddy fields that are continuously used high-dose inorganic fertilizers could lead to a decline in land productivity. This study aims to determine the potential of various organic fertilizers combinations, differences in the effects of straw compost and chopped straw usage, differences in the effects of straw compost and various manure combination, and differences in the effect of various combination between chopped straw and manure on the availability and uptake of P nutrients in paddy fields. This research uses the Complete Design Method with 7 treatments, namely: A (Control), B (Compost Straw + Chicken Manure, 50g + 50g / pot), C (Compost Straw + Goat Manure, 50g + 50g / pot), D (Straw Compost + Cow Manure, 50g + 50g / pot), E (Chopped Straw + Chicken Manure, 50g + 50g / pot), F (Straw Chopped + Goat Manure, 50g + 50g / pot), G (Chopped Straw + Cow Manure, 50g + 50g / pot ) Data were analyzed by variance and further trials of Orthogonal Contrast. The results show that the application of organic matter has a significant effect on the P availability, 25% of P HCl, and the number of tillers. However, the organic usage does not significantly affect the C Organic, plant height, plant dry weight, nutrient and plant P uptake. The application of straw compost and chopped straw has the same potential in increasing P availability, 25% P HCl, and number of tillers. The addition of goat manure to straw compost and chicken manure on chopped straw, was significantly better in increasing P availability, 25% P HCl, and number of tillers.
Pemanfaatan Beras Merah dan Jagung dalam Pembuatan Mie Sebagai Bahan Pangan Fungsional
Authors: Nasution Ernawati , Sudaryati Etti , Asfriyati Asfriyati
Published: January 2019

Beras merah dan jagung sudah lama diketahuibermanfaat bagi kesehatan, selain sebagai pangan pokok. Namun beras merah dan jagung kurangpopuler sebagai makanan pokok masyarakat padahal kedua jenis pangan ini merupakan pangan fungsional yang sangat berguna. Maka dikenalkan cara lain untuk pemanfaatan kedua bahan ini dengan mengolahnya menjadi tepung beras merah dan tepung jagung untuk pembuatan mie. Metode. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelatihan ini adalah ceramah dan praktek. Praktek dilakukan untuk memberikan keterampilan kepada masyarakat dalam membuat mie dari tepung beras merah dan tepung jagung. Hasil. Praktek pembuatan mie tepung beras merah dan tepung jagung yang dilakukan juga berhasil menambah pengetahuan dan keterampilan peserta dalam pengolahan beras merah dan jagung. Pelatihan yang telah dilakukan ini memberikan pemahaman dan keterampilan kepada masyarakat di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Terjun Marelan, dalam pemanfaatan beras merah dan jagung yang diolah menjadi tepung sebagai bahan untuk pembuatan mie yang merupakan pangan fungsional Impilikasi yang dihasilkan. Termanfaatnya beras merah dan jagung yang dibuat menjadi tepung sebagai bahan pembuatan mie sebagai pangan yang fungsional. Diharapkan peran aktif peserta untuk menyebarluaskan informasi tentang pemanfaatan beras merah dan jagung kepada masyarakat di sekitar merek.

Brown rice and corn have long been known to benefit health, as well as staple food. However, red rice and corn are not popular as the staple food although they are very healthy. Therefore, they are then introduced into red rice flour and corn flour for noodle manufacture. The methods for introducing them are through lectures and practices. The practice is conducted to provide skills to the community in making noodles from red rice flour and corn flour. The results show that the practice of making red rice flour and corn flour noodles significantly improve the participants’ knowledge and skills in processing brown rice and corn. The training that has been carried out provides understanding and skills to the community in the Terjun Marelan Community Health Center, and give benefits from processing red rice and corn into flour and use them as ingredients in making noodles as a functional food. The participants are expected to play an active role in disseminating information about the use of brown rice and corn.
Uji Nutrisi Dadih Susu Kerbau dan Susu Kambing dengan Menggunakan Bambu Ampel (Bambusa vulgaris) dan Bambu Gombong (Gigantochloa verticilata)
Authors: Harahap F.C. , Ginting N. , Hamdan Hamdan , DaulaY A. H. , Hasnudi Hasnudi
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan nutrisi dadih susu kerbau dan dadih susu kambing dengan menggunakan Bambu Ampel (Bambusa Vulgaris) dan Bambu Gombong (Gigantochloa verticilata). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Pangan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara pada bulan Mei - Juli 2017. Rancangan yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial menggunakan dua faktor yaitu faktor susu (S): (S1/ susu kerbau dan S2/ susu kambing) dan faktor kedua bakteri (B): (B1/ tanpa menggunakan Bambu, B2/ menggunakan Bambu Gombong, B3/ menggunakan Bambu Ampel). Parameter yang dianalisis yaitu Protein, Lemak, dan pH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dadih susu kerbau dan dadih susu kambing dengan menggunakan Bambu Ampel dan Bambu Gombong memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata (F > 0,05) terhadap nilai nutrisi lemak dan pH serta tidak berbeda nyata (F < 0,05) terhadap nilai nutrisi protein. Dari ketiga nilai nutrisi yang diteliti diperoleh hasil tertinggi dari dadih susu kerbau menggunakan Bambu Gombong dengan rataan protein: faktor susu 5.7815 dan faktor bakteri 5.8463, rataan lemak: faktor susu 8.1610 dan faktor bakteri 8.8136, rataan pH: faktor susu 5.6781 dan faktor bakteri 5.5178. Dari analisis nutrisi protein, lemak dan pH diketahui bahwa pengolahan dadih yang terbaik adalah susu kerbau dengan menggunakan Bambu Gombong (Gigantochloa Verticilata).

This study aimed to determine the nutritional content of buffalo milk curd and goat milk curd using Ampel Bamboo (Bambusa Vulgaris) and Gombong Bamboo (Gigantochloa verticilata). This research was conducted at the Food Technology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara in May - July 2017. This study used a completely randomized factorial pattern design with two factors namely milk factor (S): (S1 / buffalo milk and S2 / milk goat) and bacteria (B): (B1 / without using Bamboo, B2 / using Bamboo Gombong, B3 / using Bambu Ampel). The parameters were Protein, Fat, and pH. The results showed that buffalo milk curd and goat milk curd using Ampel Bamboo and Gombong Bamboo gave significantly different effects (F> 0.05) on fat nutritional value and pH, but were not significant (F <0.05) on nutritional value protein. The highest nutritional values appeared in buffalo milk curd using Bamboo Gombong with protein average: 5.7815 milk factor and bacterial factor 5.8463, fat average: 8.1610 milk factor and bacterial factor 8.8136, pH average: milk factor 5.6781 and bacterial factor 5.5178. The nutritional analysis of protein, fat and pH showed that the best curd was generated from buffalo milk using Gombong Bamboo (Gigantochloa Verticilata).
Pemanfaatan Daun Kelor (Moringa oleyfera) Terhadap Kandungan Gizi pada Permen Karamel dari Susu Kambing
Authors: Hayati D. A , Ginting N , Wahyuni T. H , Mirwandhono E.R. , Hasnudi Hasnudi
Published: January 2019

Pemanfaatan susu kambingdan daun kelor sebagai produk permen karamel merupakan suatu alternativeyang dapatdilakukan agar masyarakat lebih menyukai susu kambing untuk dikonsumsi serta memberikan asupan nutrisi pada masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Ilmu Teknologi PanganUniversitas Sumatera Utara pada bulan Mei sampai bulan Juni 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 5 perlakuan dengan 4 ulangan. Dimana P0 control, P1;5%daun kelor, P2;10% daun kelor, P3;15%daun kelor dan P4;20%daun kelor.Parameter yang diamatin adalah kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar abu dan kadar energi.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan memberikan perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P<0.01) terhadap kadar protein % (4,99; 5,15; 5,23; 5,33; dan 5,37), kadar lemak % (10,81; 11,14; 11,38; 11,94; dan 12,18) dan kadar energi kkal (123,56; 127,82; 129,52; 135,52; dan 137,29) kecuali pada kadar abu yang tidak menunjukan perbedaan yang nyata (P>0.05).Nilai tertinggi didapat pada perlakuan P4 dengan penambahan ekstrak daun kelor sebesar 20% dan nilai terendah didapat pada perlakuan P0 control. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penambahan ekstrak daun kelor sampai level 20% pada permen karamel susu kambing dapat meningkatkan kandungan gizi pada kadar (protein, lemak dan energi) kecuali pada kadar abu.

The use of kelor leaves (Moringa oleyfera) and goat milk as caramel candy products is an alternative was investigated to provide people prefer goat milk for consumption and nutritional intake to the community. This research was conducted at the Food Technology Laboratory of the Universitas Sumatera Utara in May to June 2017. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) of 5 treatments with 4 replications. The treatments were P0 as controls, P1: 5% of kelor leaves, P2: 10% of kelor leaves, P3: 15% of kelor leaves and P4: 20% of kelor leaves. Parameters observed are protein content, fat content, ash content and energy content. The treatment showed a very significant difference among the parameters (P <0.01) to% protein levels (4.99; 5.15; 5.23; 5.33; and 5.37),% fat content (10.81; 11, 14; 11.38; 11.94; and 12.18) and kcal energy levels (123.56; 127.82; 129.52; 135.52; and 137.29) except for ash content which did not show significantly difference (P> 0.05). The highest value was obtained in treatment P4 with the addition of kelor leaf extract by 20% and the lowest value was obtained in the treatment P0 control. The conclusion of this study is the addition of kelor leaf extract to the level of 20% in caramel candy of goat milk can increase the nutrient content of the levels (protein, fat and energy) except in ash content.
Animal feed from banana stem
Authors: Dayana, M.Si Indri , Marbun, M.Si Juliaster
Published: January 2019

A Research entitled animal feed from banana stem as nutritious fodder aims to create a cheap but nutritious,  from ingredients of Stem Banana, Yeast, Pandan Leaf, Wheat Starch, and water, fermented for ± 24 hours. These combinations were ssuccessfully done. This study showed that banana stems used for vegetable protein nutritional value.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Ekstak Etanol Daun Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) dengan Metode DPPH
Authors: Anggraini Riza Silvia , Sudarmi Sudarmi , Ginting Herawaty
Published: January 2019

Tumbuhan Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) merupakan tumbuhan suku Arecaceae yang tumbuh di lingkungan hutan yang bermanfaatsebagai obat sakit perut, diabetes dan obat penurun panas . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktifitas antioksidan serta total fenol dan total flavonoid dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.). Penelitian ini meliputi penyiapan sampel, pemeriksaan karakteristik simplisia, pembuatan ekstrak dengan metode maserasi, dan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol daun nipah  dengan metode perangkapan radikal bebas menggunakan DPPH (1,1- difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil), pada panjang gelombang 515,50 nm,  dibandingkan  dengan vitamin C sebagai blanko positif, serta pengujian nilai kandungan total fenol ekstrak etanol daun nipah setara asam galat (Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)) dengan metode kolorimetri menggunakan reagen Folin-Ciocalteu pada panjang gelombang 775 nm dan pengukuran nilai kandungan total flavonoid ekstrak etanol daun nipah setara kuersetin (Quercetin Equivalent (QE)) dengan metode kolorimetri menggunkan aluminium klorida pada panjang gelombang 436,50 nm dengan menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Visibel. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan yang menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun nipah mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 9,662 ppm serta nilai kandungan total fenol sebesar 85,51 mg/g GAE ekstrak dan nilai kandungan total flavonoid sebesar 12,49 mg/g QE ekstrak.

Nipah plant (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) Is a plant of the Arecaceae family that grows in a forest environment that is useful as a medicine for stomach pain, diabetes and febrifuge. This study aims to determine antioxidant activity, total phenol and total flavonoids from the Ethanol Extract of Nipah Leaves (N. fruticans). This study included the preparation of samples, checking the characteristics of simplicia, making extracts by maceration method, and testing the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Nipah leaves by using free radical scavenging method using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pikrilhidrazil), at a wavelength of 515.50 nm, compared with vitamin C as a positive blank, as well as testing the value of the total phenol content of ethanol extract of gallic leaf equivalent of gallic acid (Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)) using the colorimetric method using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent at a wavelength of 775 nm and measuring the value of total flavonoid content ethanol extract of Nipah leaves equivalent to quercetin (Quercetin Equivalent (QE)) by colorimetric method using aluminum chloride at a wavelength of 436.50 nm using UV-Spectrophotometry. Antioxidant activity test showed that the Nipah leaf ethanol extract had a very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 9.662 ppm and a total phenol content of 85.51 mg / g GAE extract and a total flavonoid content of 12, 49 mg / g QE extract.
Deteksi Deforestasi Menggunakan Citra Satelit Resolusi Tinggi Pada Lanskap Hutan Mangrove Percut Sei Tuan
Authors: Sulistiyono Nurdin , Patana Pindi , Thoha Achmad Siddik , Amri Khairil , Onrizal Onrizal
Published: January 2019

Hutan mangrove telah diketahui memiliki peran penting sebagai penyangga kehidupan kawasan pantai dan mata rantai penghubung ekosistem daratan dan ekosistem laut. Namun demikian tekanan terhadap lanskap hutan mangrove dirasakan semakin besar tiap tahunnya dalam bentuk deforestasi. Pemanfaatan citra satelit resolusi tinggi dari Google Earth dapat digunakan untuk kegiatan monitoring lanskap hutan mangrove dalam skala yang lebih detail. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi deforestasi serta kesesuaian pola peruntukan ruang pada lanskap hutan mangrove di Percut Sei Tuan pada periode tahun 2011 - 2016.  Pendekatan metodelogi yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan post classificaion comparism dengan metode on screen pada citra satelit dari google earth.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan besarnya laju deforestasi pada lanskap hutan mangrove sebesar 77,43ha atau sebesar 15,43 ha/tahun. Penggunaan lahan pada lanskap hutan mangrove di Percut Sei Tuan pada tahun 2011 dan 2016 tidak sesuai dengan peruntukan lahan sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kabupaten Deli Serdang.

 

Mangrove forests have been known to have an important role as a buffer to the life of coastal areas and links to land ecosystems and marine ecosystems. However, the pressure on the landscape of mangrove forests is greater each year in the form of deforestation. The use of high-resolution satellite imagery from Google Earth can be used to monitor the landscape of mangrove forests on a more detailed scale. This study aims to identify deforestation and the suitability of space designation patterns in the mangrove forest landscape in Percut Sei Tuan in the period 2011 - 2016. The methodological approach used is to use post classificaion comparism with on-screen methods on satellite images from Google Earth. The results showed that the rate of deforestation in the mangrove forest landscape was 77.43 ha or 15.43 ha / year. Land use in the mangrove forest landscape in Percut Sei Tuan in 2011 and 2016 is not in accordance with the land allotment as stated in the Deli Serdang Regency Spatial Plan.
The Management of Indonesia’s Outermost Small Islands as A National Strategic Region Based On Eco Marine Tourism
Authors: Arif Arif , Sutiarnoto Sutiarnoto
Published: January 2019

Indonesia is the largest archipelago country in the world. Referring to UNCLOS in 1982, Indonesia sets the outermost small islands as the base line for the island. For Indonesia the position of the small islands holds a strategic role, especially from the defense aspect, and security to maintain the wholeness of its territory. This study emphasizes on the law the aspect of external small islands from several dimensions, such as spatial planning, environment, tourism, institutional, authority management between the central government level, province, and the district / town. The facts that have been shown in many countries, small islands that are managed effectively and comprehensively to be a foreign exchange to a country and give an economic life to its society. In contrast, the management of small islands, especially the outermost small islands receive quite many challenges, such as; limited accessibility, ports, streets, electricities, telecommunication, and accommodation supports. To show how available the legal instruments in the management of small islands are the models of eco marine tourism models of Serdang Bedagai. Natural resources inventory, and the beauty as a tourist attraction, makes Berhala Island in Serdang Bedagai as a promising as a eco marine tourism area. The analysis made by the law sincerization which regulates the outermost small islands that have been shown to manage development in institutions, coordination, management organization changes in the central level aspects, changes in regional authority in managing water regions could be seen as the slowing factor of management momentum in the outermost small islands of Indonesia. Development in nautical tourism in the outermost small islands in Indonesia, at least the approach paradigm from defense and security dimension to local empowerment dimension, and international society can be in the effective authorization aspect which in many international juridical decisions was made as judges consideration on ownership territories conflicts of disputed small islands.
Strategi penangkaran Trenggiling (Manis javanica) di Sumatera Utara
Authors: Kuswanda Wanda , Onrizal Onrizal
Published: January 2019

Sampai saat ini upaya penangkaran trenggiling (Manis javanica) sangat terbatas, padahal ancaman kepunangan sangat tinggi akibat perburuan dan perdagangan ilegal serta kerusakan habitat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun strategi penangkaran trenggiling dalam upaya mempelajari perilaku trenggiling di penangkaran. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara penangkaran di kandang satwa liar yang dimodifikasi, diberikan pakan dan dicatat perilakunya. Trenggiling yang ditangkarkan berasal dari hasil sitaan dari masyarakat dan penyerahan Balai Besar Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam (BBKSDA) Sumatera Utara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa trenggiling merupakan (a) satwa yang sulit beradaptasi dengan lingkungan baru, (b) satwa yang memiliki tingkat stress yang tinggi apabila berdekatan dengan manusia, (c) satwa sangat rentan terhadap penyakit, terutama flu pada lingkungan yang baru, (d) satwa yang menyukai sarang semut dari alam untuk konsumsinya dibandingkan dengan kroto atau lainnya. Oleh karena itu, untuk membudidayakan trenggiling di penangkaran diperlukan (a) bibit yang berasal dari kondisi fisik habitat yang sama, (b) pemeliharaan kesehatan harus intensif, (c) kandang menggunakan tembok dan pagar besi dengan lantai tanah dan (d) ketersediaan air yang cukup serta (e) pemberian pakan pada tahap pemeliharaan awal (1-2 bulan) sebaiknya menggunakan sarang semut yang diambil dari alam.

 

The efforts of capturing pangolin (Manis javanica) are very limited so far, even though the threat of extinction is very high due to hunting, illegal trade, and habitat destruction. This study aims to develop a pangolin breeding strategy in an effort to study anteater behavior in captivity. The study was carried out by capturing the cage of modified wildlife, feeding and recording behavior. The anteater that is anchored from confiscated products from the community and the surrender of the Center for Natural Resources Conservation (BBKSDA), North Sumatra. The results showed that anteater was (a) an animal that is difficult to adapt to a new environment, (b) animals that have a high level of stress when close to humans, (c) animals were very susceptible to diseases, especially flu in new environments, (d ) animals that like ant nests from nature to consume compared to others. Therefore, to cultivate anteaters in captivity it is necessary (a) seedlings originating from the same physical condition of habitat, (b) health care must be intensive, (c) cages using iron walls and fences with soil floors and (d) availability of water enough and (e) feeding in the initial maintenance stage (1-2 months) should use ant nests taken from nature.