bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Local Culture-Based Image Media to Improve Student Learning Outcomes on the Material of Arithmetic Operations of Multiplication of Natural Numbers
Authors: Sundari Putri Tria , Sihabudin Sihabudin , Mansur Mansur
Published: October 2024

The aim of this research is to develop Image Media learning media to calculate the multiplication of natural numbers for class II students at SDN Tejamari, Baros District. This research uses the type of research and development (R&D) from S. Thiagarajan's development model, which has 4 stages of development, namely defining, designing, developing and disseminating. The media developed is validated by material experts and media experts before conducting initial field trials on students. Data was collected using questionnaires from media experts, material experts, class II teacher questionnaires, student questionnaires, interview observations and documentation. Data resulting from research were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques. Based on the validation results, material experts got a score of 46 with a percentage of 83% with the criteria "Good", validation from media experts with a score of 44 with a percentage of 88% with the criteria "Very Good", and the results of class II teacher validation with a score of 99 with a percentage 94% with "Very Good" criteria. As for the results of the initial field trials, the percentage was 90% - 100% with the criteria "Very Good". Overall, the learning media Image Media is suitable for use by making it easier to calculate multiplication of natural numbers by students who have difficulty calculating multiplication using direct observation. This image media makes it easier for students to learn multiplication. Based on the results of the Pre-Test before using image media and the Post-Test using image media, the average score was 0.898 with high criteria. And obtained an N-Gain percentage score of 89.833 in the effective category. So, the learning media Image Media has been effectively used for students in improving learning outcomes for the arithmetic operation of multiplying natural numbers.
COBERTURA VACINAL EM CRIANÇAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE EUNÁPOLIS-BA ENTRE 2018 E 2022: UM ESTUDO SOBRE O IMPACTO DA COVID-19 NA IMUNIZAÇÃO NA PRIMEIRA INFÂNCIA
Authors: Correia Alyce Silva , Wyatt Juliana Galvão Barreto , Teixeira Nathalia Viana
Published: October 2024

Este estudo analisa a cobertura vacinal de crianças na primeira infância no município de Eunápolis-BA entre os anos de 2018 e 2022, com o objetivo de avaliar o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 na imunização infantil. Utilizando dados secundários do Sistema de Avaliação do Programa de Imunizações (SAPI) do DATASUS, foram examinadas as doses aplicadas e a cobertura vacinal por diferentes imunobiológicos. Os resultados indicam uma redução significativa na cobertura vacinal durante os anos de 2020 e 2021, com uma recuperação parcial observada em 2022. As vacinas BCG e Hepatite B, administradas no nascimento, mostraram uma queda acentuada na cobertura, enquanto outras vacinas, como a Pentavalente e a VIP, também apresentaram variações significativas. A discussão aborda os desafios enfrentados durante a pandemia, incluindo a disseminação de fake news e a hesitação vacinal. Conclui-se que essa diminuição na cobertura vacinal reflete uma tendência observada globalmente durante a pandemia, quando medidas de isolamento social e a reorientação dos serviços de saúde para o combate ao novo coronavírus resultaram em uma queda nas atividades de vacinação de rotina.
SMALL FIBER NEUROPATHY DIAGNOSIS IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE PATIENTS: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Sousa Daniele Costa de , Lima Micael Porto Portela , Silva Alexandre Almeida da , Nogueira Natália Balbo Arantes , Lamana Isadora Vergamini , Oliveira Ana Carolina Gomes de , Bertazzo Larissa Tarraf , Santos Júlio César Claudino dos , Lima Bruno de Paula
Published: October 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms. Motor impairments, particularly in gait and balance, significantly reduce the quality of life in patients, increasing the risk of falls. Non-motor symptoms, including autonomic dysfunctions and peripheral neuropathy, are prevalent as the disease progresses. Peripheral neuropathy, present in 55% of PD patients, manifests with sensory loss, postural instability, and pain, further impairing motor function and increasing fall risk. This study aimed to adapt and test a simple method to identify small fiber neuropathy in PD patients, specifically using the Skin Wrinkling Test (SWT), and to correlate its findings with autonomic dysfunctions. Four PD patients were evaluated using questionnaires (Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire, COMPASS-31) and SWT. All patients showed alterations in the SWT, suggesting the presence of small fiber neuropathy, regardless of disease duration or comorbid conditions such as diabetes. Despite the small sample size, our findings support the SWT as a practical tool for assessing small fiber neuropathy in clinical practice. Further large-scale studies are needed to validate these results and their implications for diagnosing peripheral neuropathy in PD patients.
Stock Price Prediction and Investment Simulation - Based on SSA-CNN-LSTM Method
Authors: Yan Shangyu
Published: October 2024

Stock price fluctuations, which are time-series in nature. At the same time, based on the machine learning Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM) has excellent processing ability in predicting long time series, this paper proposes a stock price prediction method using CNN-LSTM optimized for LSTM hyperparameters using Sparrow algorithm. The data used in this study covers a total of 3403 trading days from March 1, 2010 to March 29, 2024 and about 40 technical indicator factors were selected. CNN model was firstly used to obtain features in the data. And later, CNN-LSTM network using SSA for parameter optimization uses the extracted features for stock price prediction and simulated trading based on the predicted up and down signals. The experimental results show that the SSA-CNN-LSTM network is able to provide better prediction accuracy than the CNN-LSTM network for price derivation. This prediction method not only provides a better op-eration idea for actual trading, but also provides practical experience for scholars to study time se-ries in finance.
Anthropology and Rural Sociology: Combining Qualitative Methods to Analyze Rural Life and Beliefs
Authors: Guo Shuheng
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the application of qualitative methods in analyzing rural life and beliefs through the perspectives of anthropology and rural sociology. Qualitative research methods, such as participant observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and text analysis, can reveal the complexities of rural social structures, cultural changes, and religious beliefs. By integrating the perspectives of anthropology and rural sociology, this paper demonstrates the unique advantages of qualitative methods in understanding the internal mechanisms, cultural traditions, and community interactions in rural societies. The study emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research in interpreting the diversity and complexity of rural societies. The findings indicate that qualitative methods not only capture the dynamic processes of rural society but also provide rich first-hand data, offering scientific evidence for policy formulation and social practice.
Financial Aid and Educational Outcomes: A Study of Grant Effectiveness in Rural China
Authors: Jin Siran
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the effectiveness of financial grants in rural China. The financial grant system’s selection criteria are difficult to quantify and subjective because they vary between school to school. Statistical methods such as ANOVA are utilized to explores correlations between student academic performances with their socio-economic backgrounds. Based on the experiments conducted, it can be shown that certain factors such as attitude towards study and grade contribute more than other factors to the overall academic performances. Furthermore, machine learning methods are incorporated into the study to try to determine non-linear relations between academic performances with socio-economic factors. According to the results, it can be concluded that the current allocation model of financial grants in rural China is insufficient. Thus, in this article the author proposes a more scientific and statistical approach of such allocation.
Application of Career Management in Improving the Job Satisfaction of Civil Servants
Authors: Mi Wang , Ali Dhakir Abbas
Published: October 2024

As the backbone of the nation and society, the work satisfaction of civil servants holds paramount significance in enhancing the quality of public services. However, in recent years, the civil service system has encountered challenges such as talent attrition and professional burnout, leading to an overall decline in job satisfaction. There is an urgent need to identify effective management strategies to ameliorate this situation. The concept and practice of career management can provide systematic support and guidance for the development of civil servants. Through clear career planning and personalized development opportunities, civil servants can not only discover avenues for realizing their self-worth but also bolster their sense of belonging and accomplishment in their work. Fostering awareness of career management will not only contribute to the enhancement of civil servants' professional competencies but also ignite their passion for public service, thereby significantly improving overall job satisfaction.
Analysis of the Current Situation and Countermeasures for College Students Returning to Employment and Entrepreneurship under the Background of Rural Revitalization
Authors: Lin Maohua
Published: October 2024

With the in-depth implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, an increasing number of college students are choosing to return to their hometowns for employment and entrepreneurship, becoming an important force in promoting rural development. This paper aims to explore the current situation of college students returning to their hometowns for employment and entrepreneurship against the backdrop of rural revitalization, as well as the challenges they face. Through an analysis of relevant policies, data, and case studies, it was found that college students currently face issues such as insufficient funding, unstable market conditions, and a lack of skills and experience during their return. To address these challenges, this paper proposes corresponding countermeasures, including strengthening policy support, providing vocational training, utilizing social resources, and encouraging innovative cooperation. It is hoped that this research can provide references for policymakers and college students, promoting the sustainable development of the rural economy.
Understanding Traditional Retail Dilemma and Identifying Possible Solutions Based on New Retail Model: A Case Study of Chinese Market and Fresh Hema
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic and online shopping have hit traditional retail which is still struggling to transform, while academics lack an up-to-date and systematic summary of the traditional retail dilemma. In addition, the New Retail business model appears as a potential solution. However, it remains to be seen whether it can provide a more effective means for physical retailers to stay competitive. In this instance, this paper attempts to summarise the dilemma of traditional retail from the perspective of CPT theory and to identify potential solutions that emerged from the New Retail model. The author employs the case study approach to investigate the Chinese retail market and Fresh Hema. Also, the Data Analysis Spiral is used to analyse secondary data. The findings demonstrate that the retail dilemma reflects on the channel, individual, tangible, and tangible aspects and that the New Retail model can handle the majority of problems with the exception of corporate awareness and monetary issues.
Willingness to Share Debunking Information on Social Media — An Exploration of Influencing Factors from the Perspective of Media Affordance Theory
Authors: Qi Mengying , Tan Xin
Published: October 2024

With the rapid advancement of technology, social media platforms have become crucial channels for the dissemination of refutation information. This study investigates the underlying mechanisms through which media affordances influence users' willingness to share such information, adopting a technological perspective. The aim is to understand how the affordances provided by media platforms enhance the effectiveness of refutation efforts, enabling better utilization of these technological means. Building on the theoretical frameworks of media affordance and the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model, this research develops a model to examine social media users' willingness to share refutation information. Through a survey, 308 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results reveal that media flexibility, user agency, emotional expressiveness, social connectivity, and 24/7 push notifications—representing five key dimensions of social media platforms—significantly and positively impact users' perceptions of refutation information and their willingness to share it.
A Study on the Construction of Patriotism in Main Theme Film and Television Works
Authors: Zhu Qiaoyi
Published: October 2024

Mainstream cinematic works, with their distinctive perspectives and narrative styles, have emerged as vital vehicles for the promotion of patriotic sentiments. These productions, through their diverse and emotionally profound subject matter, not only provide audiences with visual and auditory delights but also ignite a strong sense of identity with the nation and its people. In recent years, as times evolve, the standard of creating such works has been continuously elevated, with themes becoming increasingly relatable to real life, striving to awaken dormant patriotism within viewers. Amid the global wave of cultural integration and collision, there is an ever-growing need for cinematic works to disseminate and fortify patriotic ideals. These mainstream films are not merely artistic creations but also cultural missions, employing in-depth explorations of history and modernity, individual and collective narratives, to forge novel expressions of patriotism.
Asian Bay Areas' Experiences in Promoting Youth's Participation in Social Innovation Asian Bay Areas' Experiences in Promoting Youth's Participation in Social Innovation
Authors: Zhou Wentao
Published: October 2024

This study analyzes the experiences and approaches of Asian bay areas, particularly China's Greater Bay Area and Japan's Tokyo Bay Area, in promoting youth participation in social innovation. Through a literature review and four case studies, the paper explores how social innovation helps young people address modernity challenges, including unemployment and social isolation. The cases include knowledge enhancement programs, breaking social isolation, providing work promotion opportunities, and empowering and inspiring youth to engage in social innovation. These methods not only contribute to solving social issues but also enhance young people's self-efficacy and improve their employability. The findings suggest that social innovation programs targeting youth must be tailored to meet their diverse needs, ranging from personal development and community belonging to professional advancement, all of which play a vital role.
A Brief Literature Review of the Genre in Pride and Prejudice
Authors: Yang Yongqing
Published: October 2024

As the world-famous novel, Pride and Prejudice has gained plenty of research at home and abroad. Many critics pay attention to various aspects of the novel, such as the characterization of the centre characters, the theme of it, and also the author-Jane Austen's life which may be some effect to her writing. In this essay, the literature review of the genre in this novel will be talked, through showing some critics' opinions toward it, including the structure, language, mood, tone will be clearly turned up. The essay aims at helping readers get a whole knowledge of the genre of this great work.
Research on the Dilemmas and Strategies of Digital Transformation in Supply Chain Finance for Commercial Banks
Authors: Gong Yalin
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of digital technology, digital transformation in supply chain finance has become a crucial avenue for commercial banks to enhance business efficiency and competitiveness. However, this process faces various challenges related to technology, organization, and regulation. This paper aims to explore the major dilemmas encountered by commercial banks during their digital transformation in supply chain finance and propose corresponding strategies. By analyzing the current state of digital transformation, identifying common issues through data analysis, and addressing challenges related to technology, organization, and regulation, this paper presents improvement measures. These strategies include technological innovation, organizational culture adjustment, and regulatory and policy adaptation. The research results provide practical references and theoretical support for commercial banks undergoing digital transformation in supply chain finance and are significant for advancing the digitalization of the banking industry.
An Analysis of JD.com's Transportation System in Support of Operational and Logistics Activities
Authors: Zhao Jinshan
Published: October 2024

JD.com, also known as Jingdong, is China's largest online retailer and a leader in e-commerce, renowned for its vast selection of products, quality, and authenticity. Founded by CEO Richard Liu, JD.com has grown as a small electronics store into the third-largest Internet company globally, behind Amazon and Alphabet. It has pioneered advanced technologies like AI, robotics, and drones, transforming the retail industry. The company's extensive national distribution network covers 99% of China's population, allowing efficient deliveries, often within a day. JD.com's collaborations with Tencent, Walmart, and Google have further enhanced its logistics and customer experience. The platform's diverse transportation modes, including trucks, planes, and drones, ensure swift and reliable deliveries, while innovative self-driving trucks and automated warehouses streamline operations. JD.com continues to invest in software, data technologies, and sustainable transportation to maintain its competitive edge in the global e-commerce market.
Analysis of Influencer Marketing on Social Media Platforms
Authors: Ye Shuxian
Published: October 2024

Influencer marketing is a key factor of organisation advertising and marketing techniques, driven by the sizable use of social media platforms. This research was carried out to examine the determining factors and effect of influencer advertising and marketing on social media structures. We analyzed information accumulated from various social media channels to apprehend the impact of metrics together with likes, remarks, and stocks on logo communique. We additionally utilized social community evaluation to become aware of Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs) and carried out text and multimedia content analysis to delve deeper into the outcomes of content. The consequences display considerable differences in affect factors throughout systems, highlighting the need for tailor-made influencer advertising techniques. This take a look at contributes to the literature on influencer advertising and marketing and offers valuable insights for groups aiming to conduct centered social media advertising.
2024 International Conference on Education, Economics, Management, and Social Sciences(EMSS 2024)
Authors: Clark Joseph
Published: October 2024

Welcome to the official website of the 2024 International Conference on Education, Economics, Management, and Social Sciences (EMSS 2024), scheduled to take place from September 25-26, 2024 in Melbourne, Australia!
EMSS 2024 offers a prestigious platform for scholars, educators, researchers, and practitioners in the fields of education, economics, management, and social sciences to share their latest research insights, innovative methodologies, and cutting-edge solutions. This conference serves as a global forum to foster interdisciplinary discussions, collaborations, and the exchange of ideas on some of the most critical and emerging issues in these fields.
We are proud to gather participants from various sectors who will engage in thought-provoking discussions and debates on topics of major societal relevance, including advances in educational practices, economic strategies, management approaches, and social sciences. The conference aims to provide valuable contributions to both academic research and practical applications.
EMSS 2024 is committed to highlighting original, high-quality research papers that advance theoretical understanding, offer practical implications, and contribute to policy-making. Each paper has been rigorously reviewed based on its technical merit, research significance, and real-world impact, ensuring a high standard of academic excellence.
We would like to extend our deepest gratitude to the esteemed members of the technical and organizing committees, whose diligent efforts in reviewing and improving the submissions have significantly elevated the quality of the conference proceedings. Additionally, we express our heartfelt thanks to the authors for their contributions, collaboration in adhering to the conference guidelines, and for sharing their unique insights and innovative research.
We look forward to the intellectual exchange, networking opportunities, and collaborative potential that EMSS 2024 will bring.
We hope you enjoy the conference!
EMSS 2024 Conference Chairs
Exploration of homosexuality based on multiple scientific aspects
Authors: Hu Ruixuan
Published: October 2024

Homosexuality has become a heated debate in recent years and it has prevailed nowadays around the world, causing tremendous changes in the current society. In this article, homosexuality is discussed based on multiple scientific perspectives: neuroscience, genetics, and psychology. Specifically, the passage will focus on structural differences in the brain between heterosexual and homosexual people, the role of genetics in homosexuality, and psychological principles behind the curtain. As our findings have shown, there are significant disparities in brain structures, such as different GMV (Gray matter volume). They have also provided valuable insights into the relationship between certain genetic characteristics and sexual orientation. Additionally, psychological explanations and clinical issues have been revealed. Overall, this study contributes to a holistic understanding of the biological and psychological aspects of sexual orientation, presenting many worth pondering inferences.
MBTI Personality Types and Their Impact on the Effectiveness of Employment Services and Career Guidance for Modern College Students
Authors: Wang Liying , Sheibani Shahnaz
Published: October 2024

MBTI is a widely used psychological tool, which categorizes individual personality preferences based on four dichotomies. It is applied across diverse fields like career counseling and personal development it fosters collaboration and guiding individuals toward fulfilling career paths. There is growing need to understand how diverse MBTI personality types influence career related decisions and the overall success of employment services. The objectives of the study are to explore the relationship between MBTI personality types and college students' career choices, the efficacy of needs on career decision-making, and examine associated challenges and ethics. This research systematically analyzes studies published between 2015 and 2023, focusing on the impact of MBTI personality types on career outcomes. It highlights the diverse influence of MBTI personality types on college students, impacting their cross-cultural adjustment, occupational competence, coping skills, mental well-being and turnover intention. These insights contribute valuable knowledge to enhance personalized career guidance and employment services, facilitating better alignment with individual preferences for improved professional success and satisfaction.
The Influence of Fairness for Performance Salary on Employee Pay-Satisfaction
Authors: An Junjie , Lasi Masri Bin Abdul
Published: October 2024

A structural equation model was constructed to investigate the relationship between performance-based pay, fair salary distribution, fair salary procedures, external fairness of salary, and salary satisfaction. State owned enterprises and small and medium-sized private enterprises in Beijing and Xi'an were selected as research objects, and the causal relationships between the various elements in the model were empirically analyzed using on-site distribution and entrusted distribution methods. The model was then revised. Research has found that the strength of performance-based pay can significantly positively affect both procedural fairness and external fairness in compensation; Fair salary distribution and fair salary procedures can significantly positively affect salary satisfaction.
Research on Narrative Reading Teaching Strategies in Upper Elementary Grades of Elementary Chinese Textbooks under the Concept of Learning Task Groups
Authors: Rong Yi
Published: October 2024

This study delves into the strategies of teaching narrative text reading in higher grades of primary school under the Unified Edition Chinese Textbook, guided by the concept of Learning Task Groups. The concept, a novel educational approach, emphasizes designing a series of interconnected, progressively deepening learning tasks to stimulate students' interest in learning and foster their comprehensive thinking and learning abilities. Through methods such as questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observations, the study comprehensively analyzes the current state of narrative text reading instruction in higher grades. It highlights the challenges faced by teachers in designing and implementing learning tasks and proposes targeted improvement strategies. The implementation of the Learning Task Groups concept, as evidenced by specific case studies and practices, has been shown to effectively enhance students' reading comprehension, language expression, and innovative and critical thinking abilities. Despite challenges like limited resources and individual differences among students, the study suggests that enhancing teachers' professional capabilities and optimizing educational resources can further promote the effectiveness of teaching strategies. Finally, the paper provides comprehensive suggestions for education policymakers, educators, and frontline teachers, emphasizing the need to focus on the holistic development of students, advocating innovative teaching methods, and improve the quality of education to nurture well-rounded individuals equipped with critical thinking, innovative capabilities, and a sense of social responsibility.
Interleukin one beta (IL-1B) gene polymorphisms in Iraqi patients with susceptibility to develop hepatitis C infections
Authors: Kadhum Ghasaq Abdulla , Ali Al-Bedhawi Mohammed Abdalmalek
Published: October 2024

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the main cause of chronic hepatitis, affecting an estimated 150 million people worldwide. Initial exposure to HCV is most often followed by chronic hepatitis, with only a minority of individuals spontaneously clearing the virus. This study aimed to find an associated relationship between HCV susceptibility and Polymorphic gene of IL‐1B targeting a total of 45 individuals: 30 patients with chronic hepatitis C and 15 healthy control  from different cities of Iraqi recruited the Hospital for diseases of the digestive system and liver in Baghdad between November 2022 to February 2023. Genomic DNA was extracted and specific promotor sequence was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing then measuring serum concentrations of IL-1β by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results revealed significant difference in serum levels of IL-1B (P≤0.01), from 1.10-+0.09 in Chronic HCV patients in comparison with its level in healthy controls 7.58± 0.28. Molecular results suggested that single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter  of IL-1B is probably associated with susceptibility to HCV chronic infection according to this sample of Iraqi patients. In conclusion, the results suggested that variation in serum level and polymorphism in IL-1B is probably associated with susceptibility to hepatitis C virus chronic infection.
Molecular Identification of Normal and Adulterated Meat Samples of Local Markets and Restaurants in Kerbala Province
Authors: Ali Al-Nasrawi Adil Ateyah Abd , Aljarah Ali Kadhim , Muhammed Haider Ali
Published: October 2024

Background: Species specification of the meat is a highly important field of quality control management in meat consumption and industry. Meat forgery with undeclared sources has become a crucial trouble in many countries as well as in Iraq. It means that raw consumed meat or meat derivatives may include different meat genus; so, the components of meat are not regular like the known marker. The diet has sever effect on public health, religious factor, food safety principles, fair-trades and consumers desire.
Aim of the study: The current study was aimed to analysis the species of adulterated meat using molecular technique that targets Mitochondrial Cytochrome cyt b gene by Multiplex PCR for detection of meat species and authentication that provide many forensic and judicial applications for several populations throughout the world.
Materials and Methods: The following seventy (70) typical meat and meat derivatives were gathered from neighborhood super markets and eateries in the province of Kerbala: 25 cow, 10 buffalo, 25 sheep, and 10 goats. For meat samples, DNA extraction was done. Next, using species-specific primers of the Mitochondrial Cytochrome cyt b gene for cattle, sheep, goats, and buffalo, the collected DNA was amplified using the Multiplex PCR method. Additionally, the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, one of the microorganisms most commonly linked to food illness, was typically examined in all of the meat samples.
Results: Multiplex PCR technique resulting in species-specific products of the amplicon sizes for the DNA prepared samples with the lengths 472bp., 124bp., 585bp., and 330bp.
for the flesh of cow, buffalo, sheep, and goats, in that order. In addition to this analysis technique indicated that8 (44.4) % of examined cattle meat samples were mixed with buffalo meat and10 (55.6) % of examined sheep meat samples were mixed with goat meat. As well as, most of examined (normal and mixed) meat samples were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
Discussion: It has been demonstrated that the highly conserved Mitochondrial Cytochrome cyt b gene primers, when used in the multiplex PCR methodology, provide a sensitive, straightforward, adaptable, and dependable method for the investigation of meat samples and meat products.
Conclusions: The current study's conclusions state that the “mitochondrial cytochrome cyt b gene” is a useful marker for differentiating between normal and adulterated meat. It also states that Staphylococcus aureus was found in 16/52 (30.76%) of the normal meat samples and 12/18 (66.7%) of the adulterated meat samples, with a significant importance of P=0.046.
Occurrence of Entamoeba Histolytica infection in patients with Ulcerative colitis attending to the Al-Diwaniyah gastroenterology center/ Iraq
Authors: Al-Kinani Areej salih saihood , Almayali Hadi M. H. , Obaidi Osamah Taher Muslim Al
Published: October 2024

One Hundred Eighteen (118) Stool testers were composed from ulcerative colitis patients distress from intestinal sicknesses, abdominal discomfort, and cases of diarrhea which presence to gastroenterology center in Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital and outpatient clinics from different age groups. for the period from August 2023 - March 2024. The samples were examined with a light microscope using The direct wet smear method from Human stool samples. Microscopic study revealed a important variance at (P ≤ 0.05) among ulcerative colitis patients and infection with E. histolytica was 81.35% (96 positive samples from 118). The results of showed that non-significant alterations at (p ≤ 0.05) between infection with the E. histolytica and age groups, Gender and Residency.
Overproduction Of Fibrinolysis Enzyme Produced By Mutant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Compared To Wild Type Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Authors: Mohammed Nebras Rada , Khadhim Mina Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Objective: The aim of the study is to increase the production of fibrinolytic enzyme produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa after mutagenesis with physical mutagens compared to the wild type.                                                                                   
Study design: Cross-sectional in descriptive study design and case–control in analytical study design.
Backgrounds:  P. aeruginosa is a ubiquitous gram-negative aerobe. Its opportunistic pathogen that infects patients with cystic fibrosis, burn, wounds, immunodeficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), cancer. Fibrinolytic enzyme is a factor that  lysis  fibrin  clots.  This fibrinolytic factor has prospective use totreat  cardiovascular  diseases  such  as  stroke  and heart  attack. Thrombotic disorders are  the main cause of death  world.
Methodology: Study patients, specimens, collection of bacterial isolates. Plasma agar plate assay, Skim milk agar assay, Radial caseinolytic assay, Preparing magnetizing Water. Exposure P. aeruginosa to radioactive sources, lasers and magnetic water. Determination of optimal bacterial isolate for the fibrinolytic enzyme production.
Results: Increased when P. aeruginosa were exposed to Na23 at an efficiency of 10 µci. Also exposed to 10 ml of magnetic water during 48 hr., then exposed to a cobalt radioactive source during 3 hr., another radioactive source is Cs137, Co60 and Sr90 in 1 hr. during 48 hours with exposure to laser and magnetized water.
Conclusion: Conclude that the overproduction of fibrinolytic enzyme (clot-dissolving enzyme) increased when   P. aeruginosa were exposed to Na23, Cs137, Co60 and Sr90 with exposed to laser and magnetized water in certain period.
Preparation, Identification And Biological Activity Of Some Metals Complexes With A New Ligand (4-Nitro-N-((6-Oxo-6,9-Dihydro-1H-Purin-2-Yl)Carbamothioyl)Benzamid)
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah Sh. , Sarhan Basima M.
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to synthesize and characterize a novel guanine derivative, namely  ( 4-nitro-N-((6-oxo-6,9-dihydro-1H-purin-2-yl)carbamothioyl)benzamid) (abbreviated as NPBL4). This compound possesses an intriguing chemical structure, consisting of a guanine moiety (a bicyclic heterocyclic base) linked to a benzamide group through a carbamothioyl linker. The synthesis of this nitrogenous base derivative involved two steps. Firstly 4-nitro-N-thioformylbenzamide was synthesized by reacting 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride with ammonium thiocyanate in acetone. Subsequently, the obtained 4-nitro-N-thioformylbenzamide was reacted with guanine to yield the desired ligand. In addition to the ligand synthesis, the study focused on preparing complexes of various metal ions (Mn+2, Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2, Zn+2, Cd+2, and Pd+2) with the prepared guanine derivative. The ligand and complexes were subjected to comprehensive characterization using techniques such as infrared spectra, ultraviolet-visible spectra, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectra, elemental analysis (C.H.N.S.), molar conductivity measurement, magnetic susceptibility, atomic absorption, melting point determination, and study the biological activity for the complexes. The results of these characterization studies led to the determination of the general formulas for the prepared complexes, which were found to be [MCl2(NPB)2], where M represents the respective metal ion (Mn+2, Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2, Zn+2, Cd+2, and Pd+2). Notably, the geometric shape of all the prepared complexes was determined to be an octahedron. In summary, this study successfully synthesized and characterized a novel guanine derivative (NPB) and investigated its complexes with various metal ions. The findings provided valuable insights into the chemical properties and structural features of these compounds.
Ceramide As A Potential Tumor Marker For Diagnosis Of Prostate Cancer And Its Association With Lipid Profile
Authors: Kadhim Inaam H. , Ali Rawaa H. , Ismail Mohammed B.
Published: October 2024

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent type of malignancy cancer among men worldwide. Ceramides are fatty acid derivatives of sphingoid bases, and formed not only through the de novo biosynthetic pathway, but also from the degradation of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and ceramide-1-phosphate. Dyslipidaemia is part of metabolic syndrome, characterized by an alteration of the plasma lipid profile, including Cholesterol, HDL, and triglyceride levels. Objective Evaluate serum ceramide as tumer marker of prostate cancer and its association with lipid profile. Method This case- control study was carried out at Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad and at Urology department, Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital for surgical speciality during the period from March 2022 to May 2023. It included 120 men patients, 60 men patients who newly diagnosed to have primary prostate cancer (PCa), and 60 men were apparently healthy men. Investigations included serum measurements of ceramide by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and also measurement of lipid profile by using semi-auto biochemistry  analyzer.Results The results of the present study showed that there was a significant differences in ceramide in prostate cancer patients as compared with the control group The results also showed that the S.Cholesterol, and S.Triglyceride were higher in the patients group compared to the controls group  with significant statistical difference. Conclusion. According to the results obtained we can suggest that higher levels of ceramide, Cholesterol and Triglyceride may be associated with risk of prostate cancer.
Role of rs5743708 SNP in the risk of Bacterial Respiratory Infections in Children of Ramadi city/Iraq
Authors: Mohsin Entisar Abdulsattar , Abdullah Essam Mohammed , Al-Maamuri Sabah Mohsin Ali
Published: October 2024

Background and Aim: Respiratory Infections are a major global health and financial burden, so among cause the five most common and deadly for respiratory illnesses is acute lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs), these infections claim over 4 million lives annually. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key components of the innate immune system that recognize pathogen which associated a molecular patterns) PAMPs) and initiate an immune response. Understanding the role of TLR polymorphisms in susceptibility to respiratory infections in children is important for developing strategies to prevent and treat these infections. So, the current study aims to "Investigate the potential association between TLR2 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to respiratory infections in children". Methodology: The study included collect of 300 samples with respiratory infection from both sex with range ages(1-12) years, and other 50 healthy control samples. The samples were collected from general and private hospitals in Ramadi city, Iraq. PCR was carried out using primer for gene target and amplification of target gene. Sanger Sequencing conducted with both direction for all samples. Results and Conclusion: The result of sputum culture indicate that 100 of suspected samples were positive culturing while other demonstrate a negative growth. The results analysis of sequencing according to Query and subjected samples indicated that 4 of patient have SNP  of rs5743708 G>A, while there is not found in control samples, and the results of genotype frequencies analysis it was found that TLR2 polymorphism was associated with increased risk for bacterial respiratory infections in children according to under study samples, but no statistical significant differences correlation of rs5743708 G>A and infection, with adjusted odds ratio [OD:5.3; 95%Cl: 0.3-101; P: 0.2].
Assessment IL-6, TGF-1, CRP, and Vit-D in Women With Uterine Fibroid
Authors: MAHD HEBA SALIH , Ibrahim Thekra Atta , Almahdawi Zaid M.Mubarak
Published: October 2024

Background: Uterine fibroids, also known as UFs, are the most common type of tumor that occurs in the female reproductive system. They affect a significant majority, around 70-80%, of women during their lifetime. Various factors that increase the incidence of Uterine Fibroids (UFs) have been found, including as vitamin D deficiency, inflammation, DNA repair deficit, and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment. Objective: The purpose of this study to evaluated the level of IL-6, TGF-1, CRP, and Vit-D in women with uterine fibroid and study the relation these parameter with different ages. Materials and methods: 90 blood samples were collected and divided into (50) blood samples from women with uterine fibroids who received a diagnosis from a qualified medical specialist, and (40) blood samples from healthy women, whose ages ranged from (20-50). Assessment level of IL-6, TGF-1, CRP, and Vit-D have been done by using ELISA technique. Result: The results showed that there was no significant difference at the probability level (P>0.05) in the level of IL-6 in women with uterine fibroids, as it reached (44.9±4.4 pg/ml) when compared with healthy women (42.5±4.1 pg/ml). The results of this study showed a significant increase in the levels of both β-TGF and CRP in women with uterine fibroids at the probability level (P<0.05), reaching (2.870±0.760ng/ml, 62.9±6.4 pg/ml), respectively, when compared with Healthy women: As for Vit.D3, it showed a significant decrease in women with uterine fibroids at the probability level (P≤0.05), as it reached (5.92±1.87 ng/ml). Conclusion: This result concluded no differences in the level of IL-6 in women with uterine fibroids, while increase in the levels of both β-TGF and CRP . Furthermore, decrease level of Vit.D3.
Parathyroid Hormone and Osteocalcin as Criteria for Osteoporosis in Patients with Celiac Disease
Authors: Hamdan Noor Hameed Hussein , AL-Attabi Mohammed R. S.
Published: October 2024

Background: Osteoporosis is a disease that affects the entire skeletal system. It is characterized by the deterioration of the fine structural structure of the bone and the decline in bone mass, which ultimately leads to an increase in the bone's susceptibility to fracture.
Celiac disease, often known as wheat allergy, is a single condition with numerous names. Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder that mostly affects the small intestine. It occurs when patients develop an intolerance to gluten, a protein found in foods including wheat, rye, and barley.
Aim of the study: The objective of our study is to track the levels of osteocalcin and parathyroid hormone in the blood serum of patients diagnosed with celiac disease in Wasit Governorate, Iraq. We will be using Human Anti-Deamidated Gliadin Peptide IgG and IgA to diagnose celiac disease and evaluate the progress of bone health. Materials and methods: This study examined a total of 80 samples, consisting of 50 samples from individuals with celiac disease. The sample group included 19 males and 31 women. There are 30 control samples, with an equal number of samples for each sexes. Utilized an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit to quantify the levels of osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone, and Human Anti-Deamidated Gliadin Peptide IgG and IgA. Results: The study revealed that individuals with celiac disease had significantly higher levels of osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone, and Human Anti-Deamidated Gliadin Peptide IgG and IgA compared to the control group, with a statistical significance of p≤(0.05).
Conclusion: The examined parameters serve as indicators of the development of health risks to the body and bone health in individuals with celiac disease.
Efficacy of Health Belief Model on Collegians Health Beliefs Related to Electronic Cigarette; an Intervention Study
Authors: Zaid Jaber Hamad PhD Students  , Faraj, PhD Dr. Ra'ad Kareem
Published: October 2024

Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a type of electronic nicotine delivery system that heats e-liquids. The e-liquids typically contain nicotine and flavoring, and an aerosol is inhaled when the e-cigarette is vaped. College students are one of the most at-risk populations for e-cigarette use, and yet this population is virtually unstudied Paying attention to this segment of society and keeping them away from the risk of addiction and diseases resulting from electronic smoking is very important. Purpose: A study conducted to determine the efficacy of health belief model –based intervention in changing health beliefs about electronic cigarette use among collegians.Methodology: True experimental design, is conducted to determine the efficacy of the Health Beliefs Modelin changing health beliefs of collegians related to electronic cigarette use. A probability, simple random sample, of (120) undergraduate students has been selected. Data were collected by using a self-report questionnaire which consisted of two parts (a) socio-demographic characteristics (b) Scale Collegians beliefs about electronic cigarette use using concepts of Health Belief Models. Also, data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) for windows Version 24.
Results: Collegians in the study group exhibited a significant association with the Health Belief Model post-intervention, suggesting that the intervention program effectively influenced their health beliefs regarding electronic cigarette usage. conclusion: The intervention program was highly effective in influencing collegians' health beliefs regarding electronic cigarette usage, as evidenced by significant differences.
Recommendations: Conducting longitudinal studies to monitor changes in collegians' attitudes and behaviors towards electronic cigarette usage over time. This would provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of intervention programs and help identify emerging trends and challenges that need to be addressed.