bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction using cardiac obesity marker—epicardial adipose tissue mass index: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Zeyan , Wang Jinbo , Yang Yanfang , Cheng Jinglin , Yang Min , Zhang Ye
Published: February 2025

Background

Although reperfusion therapy has led to improvements in the acute phase of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) following STEMI has not significantly decreased. The accumulation of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) may be associated with poorer STEMI prognosis and could serve as a potential prognostic marker. However, research examining this relationship remains limited.

Methods

This single-center prospective study enrolled 308 STEMI patients. Patients were randomly assigned to training set and validation set in a 7:3 ratio. The primary outcome was MACE one-year post-STEMI. Epicardial adipose tissue mass index (EAMI) was calculated as EAT volume divided by absolute value of the EAT attenuation index, measured using coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). The relationship between EAMI and MACE was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves, Cox regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots. The predictive performance of EAMI was assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, C-index, net reclassification index (NRI), integrated discriminant improvement (IDI), coefficient of determination (R2), calibration curves, Brier score, and decision curve analysis (DCA) with comparisons to the GRACE score. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on age, gender, body mass index (BMI), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and culprit artery.

Results

A total of 308 patients were included in the analysis, with 212 in the training set and 96 in the validation set. In the training set, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that higher EAMI levels were associated with an increased cumulative risk of MACE. Cox multivariate regression analysis indicated that EAMI was independently associated with MACE (HR = 2.349, 95% CI 1.770–3.177, P < 0.001). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis suggested a positive dose-response relationship between EAMI and MACE (P for nonlinearity = 0.87). EAMI showed better discriminative ability, prediction effect, accuracy, and clinical applicability compared to the traditional GRACE score. In the validation set, EAMI also demonstrated good predictive performance for MACE. Subgroup analyses suggested that EAMI's predictive ability was consistent across various demographic and clinical characteristics.

Conclusion

EAMI has high value in predicting MACE in patients 1-year after STEMI, helps identify high-risk patients with poor prognosis in early clinical practice.
Numerical simulation study on coal seam response characteristics of shallow three-electrode laterolog
Authors: Qi Xinghua , Wang Shimao , Wei Yuxuan , Wang Zhuwen
Published: February 2025

Shallow three-electrode laterolog is widely used in the field of coal field logging because of its strong economy. Coal seams in Xinjiang region have the characteristics of large thickness variation, high dip angle, easy diameter enlargement and fracture development, but the law of these characteristics in the three-electrode laterolog curve is not clear. In this paper, through the finite element simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics, 2D and 3D models are constructed based on shallow three-electrode laterolog, and the characteristics of using shallow three-electrode laterolog in coal field logging are studied. The results show that the electrode system coefficient of shallow three-electrode laterolog instrument should be 0.94 times of the theoretical electrode system coefficient. The discrimination ability of shallow three-electrode laterolog to coal seams is about 0.3 m. There is a power function relationship between the determination coefficient of coal seam boundary and the ratio of coal seam-surrounding rock resistivity ratio. An increase in the dip angle of the coal seam leads to an increase in the apparent thickness of the coal seam following a quadratic function relationship, while an increase in the wellbore radius results in a quadratic function decrease in the apparent resistivity of the coal seam. An increase in both the width and length of the fractures leads to a decrease in apparent resistivity following a power function relationship. The research results provide a more accurate reference standard for the analysis and evaluation of coal seams using shallow three-electrode laterolog.
The use of serious games for psychological education and training: a systematic review
Authors: Facchino Antonio Pio , Marchetti Daniela , Colasanti Marco , Fontanesi Lilybeth , Verrocchio Maria Cristina
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The present systematic review aims to synthesize and critically analyze the use of serious games in the professional training and education of psychologists and psychology students.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, database searches from inception to July 2023 (PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) yielded 4,409 records, of which 14 met the eligibility criteria, including 17 studies. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials.

Results

The review identified three pivotal areas where serious games demonstrated significant educational impact: enhancing psychological traits and attitudes (e.g., prejudice, empathy), promoting theoretical knowledge acquisition (e.g., biopsychology), and developing professional skills (e.g., investigative interview with children). Serious games, particularly those providing feedback and modeling, significantly enhance the quality of learning and training for psychology students and professionals.

Discussion

Key findings revealed that serious games operate by offering realistic, engaging, and flexible learning environments while mitigating risks associated with real-world practice. Methodological limitations, including moderate to high risk of bias in many studies, especially those that relied on cross-sectional data, underscore the need for rigorous designs and long-term evaluations. Practical implications suggest integrating serious games into curricula to address gaps in experiential learning for psychologists, facilitating skill development and knowledge retention. Future research should explore the long-term impact of serious games on professional competencies and assess their applicability across diverse educational contexts.
Inclusive education through technology: a systematic review of types, tools and characteristics
Authors: Navas-Bonilla Carmen del Rosario , Guerra-Arango Julio Andrés , Oviedo-Guado Daniel Alejandro , Murillo-Noriega Daniel Eduardo
Published: February 2025

Technologies that contribute to inclusive education are digital tools and specialized devices that facilitate equitable access to learning for students with diverse abilities. Understanding these technologies allows for the personalization of teaching methods, the removal of barriers that limit participation for students with differences, and the promotion of a more accessible and equitable educational environment for all. This study aims to identify and analyze practices and technologies that foster the participation of students with diverse needs. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, gathering responses to the research questions from 159 studies. The Scopus database was utilized, with three blocks of keywords related to technology, inclusion, and education. The findings indicate that educational technologies transform the learning environment into a more inclusive and accessible one by adapting to the diverse needs of students. Tools such as mobile devices, interactive applications, and augmented reality help to remove barriers for students with disabilities or in various contexts, facilitating personalized and equitable learning. Additionally, these technologies promote the development of critical skills and encourage collaboration among students, enriching both their academic training and social integration. Thus, technological inclusion becomes a key factor in maximizing the potential of each student within a diverse educational system.
Bright night sleeping environment induces diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in non-human primates
Authors: Wang Shuxing , Chen Zhenyi , Liang Zihao , Xu Qiang , Zhang Jiankai
Published: February 2025

Background

According to the IDF Diabetes Atlas regularly published by International Diabetes Federation, the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), diabetes-related mortality and health expenditure are becoming serious eventually at the global, regional and national level. While the data alarm people, the exact cause remains unknown. It is widely accepted that glucose metabolism can be impaired by circadian rhythms disruption and sleep disturbances, both closely linked to exposure to light at night. However, there is little direct experiment on primates to study the precise extent of how serious bright sleeping environment at night impairs glucose metabolism, what the relationship is between nocturnal brightness and the development of diabetes and IGT, any difference between male and female, and whether aging and weight are involved. This study aims to address these questions in monkeys.

Methods

In a reduced daytime bright condition resembling human living rooms, 197 Cynomolgus (130 male, 67 female) were exposed to three distinct light intensities (13, 35, 75Lux) at night for consecutive ten months. Animals were retrospectively divided into four groups according to glucose metabolic status by the end of the experimental session, spontaneous diabetes mellitus (SDM, N=11), light-induced diabetes (LID, N=83), impaired fasting glucose tolerance (IFG, N=36), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT, N=67). Data pertaining to the glucose metabolism such as concentrations of fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, plasma insulin and C-peptide were collected monthly and analyzed.

Results

1) Bright night exasperated glucose metabolism in individuals with pre-existing diabetes, led to premature death; 2) Stronger white light intensity-dependently induced diabetes and IFG in previous healthy monkeys: the brighter the light, the quicker the metabolism disturbance and IFG developed, and also the higher morbidity of LID and IFG; 3) Exposure to nocturnal light had a synergistic impairing effect on glucose metabolism with aging and weight. 4) Female were more susceptible to night brightness.

Conclusions

Light in sleeping environment exacerbates glucose metabolism in individuals with pre-existing diabetes, leads to IFG and diabetes in healthy primates. Moreover, the harmful effects of bright night on glucose metabolism are synergistic with aging and weight.
Impacts of different photovoltaic panel technologies on electrical energy production and CO2 emission reduction
Authors: Batić Iva
Published: February 2025

Given the increasing human population on Earth, there is a corresponding increase in the need for energy. One of the ecological and economical methods of meeting such energy needs is through renewable energy sources. Accordingly, this study analyzes the potential for producing electrical energy from solar radiation in Serbia. The Sun is the largest source of renewable energy, and Serbia has very good potential for utilization of solar radiation. In this work, we performed a comparative analysis of the electrical energy production from photovoltaic power plants using different photovoltaic panel technologies; these technologies affect not only the degree of conversion of solar irradiation to electrical energy but also the ecological parameters concerning the use of photovoltaic panels by reducing CO2 emissions. In this work, the following photovoltaic panel technologies are analyzed: monocrystalline, polycrystalline, thin-layer amorphous (a-Si), and cadmium–telluride (CdTe). The software tool used for the analysis was PVsyst.
Spatial and temporal distributions of macrobenthic communities and their environmental driving factors in deepwater reservoirs: a case study of Yinghu Lake, China
Authors: Chen Ruoyu , Hu Fangzheng , Wang Xinyu , Lin Haibin , Ye Zhangyi , Hu Zhongjun , Liu Qigen
Published: February 2025

The characteristics of macrobenthic community structure can accurately indicate the ecological health of aquatic environments. To elucidate the spatiotemporal responses of macrobenthic communities and environmental factors in reservoirs, this study investigated macrobenthos and environmental parameters in Yinghu Lake during spring (May), summer (August), and autumn (November). The results showed that the trophic level index (TLI), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were significantly higher and pH was significantly lower (P < 0.05) at the developed sites (DS) than at the undeveloped sites (UDS). The survey identified 32 macrobenthos species representing 3 phylums and 5 orders. PERMANOVA analyses showed that the macrobenthic community structure of Yinghu Lake differed significantly between regions, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri from the gathering collectors (20.47%) and Corbicula fluminea from the filtering collectors (7.82%) were the primary species driving the differences. The results of the two-way ANOVA indicated that species richness, the Margalef index (D), and the functional feeding group Margalef index (FFG-D) were significantly lower in summer than in autumn (P < 0.05). FFG-D was also significantly lower at the DS compared to the UDS (P < 0.05), while the interaction effects of season and region on these indicators were not significant (P > 0.05). Redundancy analysis (RDA) and generalized additive modelling (GAM) indicated that the permanganate index (CODMn) and total dissolved solids altered the macrobenthic community structure towards oligochaete and gathering collectors-dominated assemblages. Moreover, macrobenthic diversity was constrained by high total dissolved solids concentrations, sediment organic carbon (OC_s), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), low sediment total phosphorus (TP_s), high water temperature, and deep water. In summary, the spatiotemporal variations in water quality and macrobenthos communities in the reservoir were influenced by natural conditions and anthropogenic disturbances. This study provides valuable insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of macrobenthic communities and contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the role of biodiversity in maintaining the stability of large reservoir ecosystems.
Impact of climate change over distribution and potential range of chestnut in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Álvarez-Álvarez Pedro , Aviñoa-Arias Adrián , Díaz-Varela Emilio , López-Bao José Vicente , Pérez-Girón José Carlos
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is a historically and ecologically important tree in the Iberian Peninsula. The species now faces challenges related to the abandonment of traditional management practices, and climate change, although the potential impact of the later on chestnut potential range remains unexplored.

Methods

We assessed variations in chestnut potential range under different climate change scenarios in the Iberian Peninsula, by studying the current and projected habitat suitability of the species across distinct biogeographical regions (Atlantic and Mediterranean) and Regions of Provenance (RoPs). Environmental static (topography and soil parameters) and dynamic (bioclimatic variables) factors were used to build Species Distribution Models (SDMs). Future habitat suitability projections were based on an ensemble of five global circulation models (GCMs) for two climate change scenarios included in CMIP6. The SDMs were constructed using the Random Forest algorithm.

Results and Discussion

Our model achieved an accuracy of 86.82%, with high sensitivity (89.91%) and specificity (83.73%). Favourable chestnut habitats were linked to wetter regions, and included factors associated with annual and seasonal precipitations, coldest quarter temperature, soil pH and annual mean temperature. Optimal conditions for chestnut trees include precipitation exceeding 800 mm/year and mean temperature ranging from 10-15°C. Future projections suggest a potential habitat loss for chestnut and slight changes in net primary productivity. The Regions of Provenance exhibit varying levels of resilience, with the Mediterranean regions being particularly vulnerable. We highlight the need to develop mitigation strategies to facilitate chestnut resilience in the face of threats related to climate change.
CAV1 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chronic renal allograft interstitial fibrosis by activating the ferroptosis pathway
Authors: Han Qianguang , Ni Bin , Bao Wei , Zhang Junqi , Zheng Ming , Miu Jinxu , Wang Zijie , Yuan Jingwen , Tao Jun , Han Zhijian , Gu Min , Ju Xiaobing , Tan Ruoyun
Published: February 2025

Background

Chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) stands as a critical factor that limits the long-term viability of transplanted kidneys. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death increasingly linked to chronic fibrosis. However, the mechanism by which ferroptosis contributes to the onset and progression of CAD remains unclear.

Methods

This study analyzed transcriptome data from renal transplant biopsy samples in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), through clinical samples, animal models, and cell experiments, this study investigated the mechanism by which Caveolin-1 (CAV1) promotes CAD through the regulation of the ferroptosis pathway.

Results

The elevated levels of CAV1 were found to positively correlate with CAD incidence. Clinical and animal model validation confirmed heightened CAV1 expression in CAD. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CAV1 can directly promote chronic renal allograft interstitial fibrosis by regulating ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells; additionally, it can promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by secreting Interleukin- 6 (IL-6), thereby further contributing to CAD.

Conclusion

CAV1 plays a critical role in the development of CAD by promoting EMT and chronic renal allograft interstitial fibrosis through the ferroptosis pathway. Adjusting ferroptosis by altering the expression abundance of CAV1 may become an important method for the prevention and treatment of CAD in the future.
Ultrasensitive interferons quantification reveals different cytokine profile secretion in inflammatory myopathies and can serve as biomarkers of activity in dermatomyositis
Authors: Bolko Loïs , Anquetil Céline , Llibre Alba , Maillard Solène , Amelin Damien , Dorgham Karim , Bondet Vincent , Landon-Cardinal Océane , Toquet Ségolène , Mariampillai Kuberaka , Malatre Samuel , Mahoudeau Alexandrine , Hervier Baptiste , Rodero Mathieu , Gorochov Guy , Duffy Darragh , Benveniste Olivier , Allenbach Yves
Published: February 2025

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of different types of interferon in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and their subgroups using ultrasensitive cytokine detection techniques (SIMOA) and to assess their potential as activity biomarkers.

Methods

Disease activity was measured at the time of serum collection and assessed by manual muscle testing eight (MMT8 score 0-150), muscle enzymes to calculate the Physician Global Assessment (PGA) (0-10). Patients were classified as active if PGA>5.Serum IFN-α and IFN-γ levels was measured using the single molecule array (SIMOA) technique. Serum IFN-β level was measured by Elisa. Correlation between IFN levels and disease activity were performed.

Results

We included 242 IIM patients and found a good correlation between type I Interferon (IFN) and dermatomyositis disease activity. IFN-α and IFN-β was highly correlated with disease activity (r=0.76 and r=0,58). To evaluate whether the different types of Interferons could serve as biomarkers of activity, we generated ROC curves. Patients with active DM had a higher median IFN-α level (0.49 pg/ml [0.1-3.7]) compared with non-active patients (0.03 pg/ml [0.01-0.07] p<0.05). The area under the curve was 0.90 IC95 (0.76-0.97) p<0.05. Furthermore, Myositis-specific antibodies appear to be associated with a different secretion profile; patients with anti-MDA 5 antibodies had higher level of IFN-α than most other antibodies (6.58 vs 0.14 p<0.005). NXP2 had higher IFN-β level than patients with Tif1γ antibodies.

Conclusion

Serum IFN-α level measured by SIMOA is a reliable biomarker of DM activity. Myositis-specific antibodies appear to be associated with a different secretion profile. This data needs to be confirmed in order to select the good therapeutics strategies in DM.
Attachment of live sharksuckers (Echeneis naucrates) to Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in Xiamen Bay, China
Authors: Wu Fuxing , Zhou Bing , Wu Hao , Dai Yufei , Zhang Yu , Song Zhongchang
Published: February 2025

The live sharksucker (Echeneis naucrates) is a bony fish that uses a specialized suction disk on its head to hitchhike on marine animals. Although live sharksuckers have been recorded attaching to various cetaceans worldwide, such associations between live sharksuckers and cetaceans have rarely been reported in the East Asia region. From 2011 to 2024, we conducted a long-term survey of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in Xiamen Bay, one of the key habitats for this cetacean in the seas around China. From 2022 to 2024, we recorded live sharksucker attachments on four Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin individuals, with a total of 11 events in Xiamen Bay. Specifically, we observed a live sharksucker temporarily detaching from the body of an Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin when the dolphin cleared its body out of the water and landed on one side multiple times. This reaction of the live sharksucker could be an adaptive characteristic to cope with the side breach behavior of their cetacean hosts. Considering the declining population of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, further investigation into the potential impacts of live sharksuckers on these dolphins is required.
Waste ceramic powder for sustainable concrete production as supplementary cementitious material
Authors: Özkılıç Yasin Onuralp , Bahrami Alireza , Güzel Yusuf , Soğancı Ali Sinan , Karalar Memduh , Althaqafi Essam , Çelik Ali İhsan , Zeybek Özer , Jagadesh P.
Published: February 2025

A detailed examination was carried out by substituting waste ceramic powder (WCP) for specific ratios of cement in concrete. To achieve this, five different WCP percentages (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) were used in manufacturing of concrete. First, the workability and slump values in the fresh state of concrete were determined by performing a slump test. Subsequently, several tests, including compressive strength (CS), splitting tensile strength (STS), and flexural strength (FS), were conducted on the specimens to assess the effectiveness of concrete fabricated using WCP. Variations in the strength were determined in terms of the various amounts of WCP. The findings demonstrated that by including WCP at levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, there were corresponding reductions in CS of 5.8%, 21.8%, 47.1%, 63.2%, and 73.6%, respectively. The decreases in STS were 6.3%, 13.8%, 35.2%, 49.7%, and 65.4%, respectively, when a concrete STS value of 1.59 MPa was considered. Similarly, when the WCP content increased, FS was reduced by 15.3%, 21.4%, 31.6%, 44.9%, and 54.1%, respectively. This is very significant because it represents one of the key issues in calculating the optimal quantity of WCP in relation to both the strength and the amount of WCP utilized. Furthermore, taking into account our experimental research and previous studies on concrete produced utilizing WCP, straightforward equations were provided for practical use to predict CS, STS, and FS. In addition, scanning electron microscopy was done to validate the findings obtained from the experimental part of the study. The artificial neural network modeling technique was adopted to estimate the concrete properties with average coefficients of determination (R2) as 0.945 (CS), 0.901 (STS), and 0.856 (FS) with K-fold cross-validation.
Exploring patient preferences for intraocular lenses selection in age-related cataract: a discrete choice experiment study
Authors: Zhu Qiaolin , Sun Qianqian , Huo Yujia , Yang Xiaoling , Huang Hehe , Qian Shanshan , Lin Wenjing , Yan Wentao
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This study investigates the preferences of cataract patients in East China regarding intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Methods

A Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) was conducted using a questionnaire that included various IOLs attributes. Participants made choices based on different combinations of these attributes, and the data were analyzed using multinomial logit models (MNL) and latent class analysis (LCA) to identify preference heterogeneity.

Results

A total of 200 cataract patients (mean age 66.2 years, 58.5% female) participated in the study. The most influential factors in IOL selection were cost, followed by presbyopia correction, with a preference for multifocal IOLs (trifocal and bifocal), spherical aberration correction, and astigmatism correction. High cost and a higher probability of adverse visual phenomena negatively affected preferences. The inclusion of blue-blocking functionality and the surgeon’s recommendation had minimal influence on patient choice. LCA revealed three distinct preference groups: Class 1 (“Aberration Correction Seekers”) preferred aspheric IOLs, Class 2 (“Presbyopia and Blue-Blocking Enthusiasts”) favored multifocal IOLs, and Class 3 (“Astigmatism and Cost-Sensitive Patients”) preferred toric IOLs. Multinomial logistic regression analysis further showed that male patients were more likely to choose toric IOLs, while individuals with higher education levels were significantly less likely to prefer multifocal IOLs.

Conclusion

This study highlights significant heterogeneity in cataract patient preferences for IOLs attributes. Cost was the most critical factor, followed by presbyopia and aberration correction. Men favored toric IOLs and exhibited sensitivity to cost, while highly educated individuals preferred multifocal IOLs less. These findings underscore the need for personalized IOLs recommendations and signal opportunities for innovation and customization in the IOLs industry.
Abdominal wall hematoma as a complication of drainage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a case report
Authors: Li Juntao , Liu Zixiong , Li Jia , Cheng Wei
Published: February 2025

Background

Abdominal wall hematoma represents a potential postoperative complication that requires prompt identification and appropriate management. This case report retrospectively analyzes a patient who developed an abdominal wall hematoma associated with a drainage tube and puncture site following laparoscopic cholecystectomy at our hospital. The clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and relevant literature are reviewed to highlight strategies for the prevention and management of postoperative hematomas, with the aim of providing valuable insights for clinical practice. We managed a patient who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstones complicated by cholecystitis. On the first postoperative day, a hematoma developed at the site of the abdominal drainage tube insertion. Despite initial attempts at hemostasis through abdominal wall compression, these measures proved ineffective, necessitating the use of a urinary catheter balloon for effective compression hemostasis.

Case presentation

We treated a patient who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstones complicated by cholecystitis. On the first postoperative day, a hematoma developed at the site of the abdominal drainage tube insertion. Despite initial attempts at hemostasis using abdominal wall compression, these measures were ineffective, necessitating the use of a urinary catheter balloon for effective compression hemostasis.

Conclusion

The urinary catheter balloon tamponade was effectively employed postoperatively to achieve hemostasis for the hematoma at the abdominal wall drainage site. It provides a viable alternative for early intervention in hematoma management.
Diagnostic investigation, intervention, and outcome for post-subtotal gastrectomy patients who present with jaundice
Authors: Wang Duan , Zhu Liang , Kong Fanyi , Pan Yingyu , Liu Wei , Wang Xuan , Pan Weidong , Cao Jian , Xu Qiang , Wu Dong
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a useful diagnostic and interventional tool in patients with obstructive jaundice. In patients who had subtotal gastrectomy, however, the implementation of ERCP has become more difficult. This study aims to investigate the accuracy of contrast-enhanced CT, MRI/MRCP and PET/CT in lesion localization, characterization, and extent evaluation in post-subtotal gastrectomy patients who present with obstructive jaundice. The interventional methods for biliary drainage, their success rate and patient outcome were also investigated.

Methods

Electronic medical records were reviewed to identify patients hospitalized for obstructive jaundice at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, who had previously undergone subtotal gastrectomy. The clinical information, imaging and interventional examination data of those patients were retrospectively collected.

Results

Between 2018 and 2023, 36 patients with previous subtotal gastrectomy were hospitalized for ob-structive jaundice at our hospital. The majority of lesions were malignant, including 19 gastric cancer recurrence (47.5%), and 12 other malignancies (30.0%). Benign lesions included inflammatory biliary stricture, biliary stones, and IgG4-related disease. The three imaging modalities had similar performance in lesion localization and characterization, whereas PET/CT showed higher accuracy compared to MR and CT in detecting extensive disease (92.8% vs. 83.3% vs. 60.0%). Percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage was applied more frequently than ERCP and surgery (69.4% vs. 25.0% vs. 5.5%), and there was no significant difference concerning technical and clini-cal success rate and complication.

Conclusion

Gastric cancer recurrence and newly-developed pancreaticobiliary malignancies were the main causes of obstructive jaundice in patients who had subtotal gastrectomy. PET/CT was superior to MRI/MRCP and contrast-enhanced CT in determining lesion extensiveness. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) was the preferred method for managing obstructive jaundice. Despite the effectiveness of interventions, a significant number of patients experienced short-term disease progression.
Adherence to the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines and vision impairment in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhong Haoxi , Zhu Huimin , Jiang Mingjie , Mu Jingfeng
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To investigate the associations between adherence to the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines—covering physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and sleep duration (SD)—and vision impairment, specifically myopia and myopic anisometropia, among children and adolescents in Shenzhen, China.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 with 4,649 participants. Adherence to the guidelines was assessed using self-reported PA, ST, and SD measures, while vision impairment was clinically evaluated. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations, adjusting for sociodemographic factors.

Results

Among the participants, 48.63% were diagnosed with myopia and 11.01% had myopic anisometropia. Meeting the ST guideline was associated with a reduced risk of myopia (aOR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.76-0.98) and myopic anisometropia (aOR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.64-0.95). Meeting both PA and ST guidelines further reduced the odds of myopia (aOR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.56-0.97) and myopic anisometropia (aOR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.41-0.89). Meeting all three guidelines (PA, ST, and SD) significantly reduced the odds of myopia (aOR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53–0.93) and showed a trend toward reduced risk of anisometropia (aOR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.47–1.02), compared to those who met none. Meeting two guidelines also significantly reduced the risk of myopia (aOR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59–0.97) and anisometropia (aOR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51–1.00).

Conclusion

Adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines, particularly meeting the ST and PA recommendations, was associated with a lower risk of myopia and myopic anisometropia. These findings highlight the importance of promoting balanced lifestyle behaviors, such as limiting screen time and encouraging physical activity, to mitigate vision impairment among children and adolescents.
Enhancing detection of STEC in the meat industry: insights into virulence of priority STEC
Authors: Tran Mai-Lan , Delannoy Sabine , Fach Patrick
Published: February 2025

Detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) presenting high risk of human infections is challenging. In France, the latest Anses opinion categorized STEC in four groups based on their association with severe forms of clinical infection. STEC strains carrying the eae gene, particularly those of serogroups O157, O26, O111, O103, O145, O121, O45 and more recently O80 (top 8 serogroups), are usually monitored worldwide, whereas eae-negative STEC strains that are less clinically significant are not surveyed. Screening food enrichment broths with classical genetic markers (stx, eae) can overestimate the presence of highly virulent STEC, causing needless disruption and costs for food producers. Recently the updated MLG5C reference method introduced additional genetic markers (espK, espV) in the detection scheme to improve specificity and effectiveness of priority STEC detection in foodstuffs. This study, conducted on beef samples with a new method supporting the regulatory USDA-FSIS MLG5C.04 method, showed that 92% of the stx-positive samples carry stx2 alone or in association with stx1. Among the stx2-positive samples, stx2a and/or stx2d subtypes dominate. Introduction of espK, espV markers on 868 stx+/eae+ beef enrichment broths reduced the number of presumptive positive results by 31%, compared to the ISO/TS 13136:2012 reference method. Subsequent analysis of the presumptive positives combining the O-group and the eae-subtype provided also a significant reduction of the number of the presumptive positive for the top 8 eae-positive STEC serogroups; and showed that O26, O103 and O157 were the most prevalent ones. Regarding the stx+/eae- samples, which are proportionally extremely predominant in beef as compared with the stx+/eae+ samples, 65% of them were positive for the serogroups monitored in this study (O91, O171, O174, O148, O146, O128 O113 and O104). The high occurrence of serogroup O113 observed in beef samples is not corroborated by the clinical data reported in France. Routine testing of beef samples should be revised to prioritize a hierarchical surveillance system based only on high risk STEC (STEC carrying the eae gene) and not on all STEC. This approach would provide Food Business Operators a significant improvement, saving time and costs while maintaining a high level of product safety.
Single, but not mixed dietary fibers suppress body weight gain and adiposity in high fat-fed mice
Authors: Shallangwa Swang M. , Ross Alexander W. , Morgan Peter J.
Published: February 2025

Dietary fiber can suppress excess adipose tissue and weight gain in rodents and humans when fed high fat diets. The gut microbiome is thought to have a key role, although exactly how remains unclear. In a tightly controlled murine study, we explored how different types of dietary fiber and doses affect the gut microbiota and gut epithelial gene expression. We show that 10% pectin and 10% FOS suppress high fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain, effects not seen at 2% doses. Furthermore, 2 and 10% mixtures of dietary fiber were also without effect. Each fiber treatment stimulated a distinct gut microbiota profile at the family and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level. Mechanistically it is likely that the single 10% fiber dose shifted selected bacteria above some threshold abundance, required to suppress body weight, which was not achieved by the 10% Mix, composed of 4 fibers each at 2.5%. Plasma levels of the gut hormone PYY were elevated by 10% pectin and FOS, but not 10% mixed fibers, and similarly RNA seq revealed some distinct effects of the 10% single fibers on gut epithelial gene expression. These data show how the ability of dietary fiber to suppress HFD-induced weight gain is dependent upon both fiber type and dose. It also shows that the microbial response to dietary fiber is distinct and that there is not a single microbial response associated with the inhibition of adiposity and weight gain. PYY seems key to the latter response, although the role of other factors such as Reg3γ and CCK needs to be explored.
Functional and effective EEG connectivity patterns in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review
Authors: Paitel Elizabeth R. , Otteman Christian B. D. , Polking Mary C. , Licht Henry J. , Nielson Kristy A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) might be best conceptualized as a disconnection syndrome, such that symptoms may be largely attributable to disrupted communication between brain regions, rather than to deterioration within discrete systems. EEG is uniquely capable of directly and non-invasively measuring neural activity with precise temporal resolution; connectivity quantifies the relationships between such signals in different brain regions. EEG research on connectivity in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), often considered a prodromal phase of AD, has produced mixed results and has yet to be synthesized for comprehensive review. Thus, we performed a systematic review of EEG connectivity in MCI and AD participants compared with cognitively healthy older adult controls.

Methods

We searched PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed studies in English on EEG, connectivity, and MCI/AD relative to controls. Of 1,344 initial matches, 124 articles were ultimately included in the systematic review.

Results

The included studies primarily analyzed coherence, phase-locked, and graph theory metrics. The influence of factors such as demographics, design, and approach was integrated and discussed. An overarching pattern emerged of lower connectivity in both MCI and AD compared to healthy controls, which was most prominent in the alpha band, and most consistent in AD. In the minority of studies reporting greater connectivity, theta band was most commonly implicated in both AD and MCI, followed by alpha. The overall prevalence of alpha effects may indicate its potential to provide insight into nuanced changes associated with AD-related networks, with the caveat that most studies were during the resting state where alpha is the dominant frequency. When greater connectivity was reported in MCI, it was primarily during task engagement, suggesting compensatory resources may be employed. In AD, greater connectivity was most common during rest, suggesting compensatory resources during task engagement may already be exhausted.

Conclusion

The review highlighted EEG connectivity as a powerful tool to advance understanding of AD-related changes in brain communication. We address the need for including demographic and methodological details, using source space connectivity, and extending this work to cognitively healthy older adults with AD risk toward advancing early AD detection and intervention.
Exploring the microbiota-gut-brain axis: impact on brain structure and function
Authors: Yassin Lidya K. , Nakhal Mohammed M. , Alderei Alreem , Almehairbi Afra , Mydeen Ayishal B. , Akour Amal , Hamad Mohammad I. K.
Published: February 2025

The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) plays a significant role in the maintenance of brain structure and function. The MGBA serves as a conduit between the CNS and the ENS, facilitating communication between the emotional and cognitive centers of the brain via diverse pathways. In the initial stages of this review, we will examine the way how MGBA affects neurogenesis, neuronal dendritic morphology, axonal myelination, microglia structure, brain blood barrier (BBB) structure and permeability, and synaptic structure. Furthermore, we will review the potential mechanistic pathways of neuroplasticity through MGBA influence. The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a pivotal role in the MGBA, where they can modify the BBB. We will therefore discuss how SCFAs can influence microglia, neuronal, and astrocyte function, as well as their role in brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Subsequently, we will examine the technical strategies employed to study MGBA interactions, including using germ-free (GF) animals, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and antibiotics-induced dysbiosis. Finally, we will examine how particular bacterial strains can affect brain structure and function. By gaining a deeper understanding of the MGBA, it may be possible to facilitate research into microbial-based pharmacological interventions and therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases.
NRBF2 plays a crucial role in the acquisition process of learning and memory, independent of the Vps34 complex
Authors: Wu Songfen , Zhuang Haicai , Zhou Xidan , Li Kuan
Published: February 2025

Introduction

NRBF2, a component of autophagy-associated PIK3C3/VPS34-containing phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, plays a crucial role in learning and memory processes, yet its specific impact on memory and the underlying molecular mechanisms remains unclear.

Methods

Here, we utilized NRBF2 knockout mice to examine its influence on the time course of fear memory. Employing quantitative PCR, Western blot analysis, behavioral tests, and electrophysiology, we investigated the mechanisms through which NRBF2 affects memory processing.

Results

We observed an increase in Nrbf2 mRNA levels at 6 and 12 h, and protein levels at 6 h post fear conditioning. Depletion of NRBF2 impaired memory acquisition, short-term, and long-term memory without causing any anxiety-like behavior. Interestingly, inhibition of Vps34 and autophagy by SAR405 disrupted fear memory consolidation, while leaving memory acquisition, short-term memory, and long-term potentiation (LTP) unaffected. Our results suggested that NRBF2 deletion impaired memory acquisition through an autophagy-independent pathway and provided novel insights into the role of NRBF2 in the central nervous system.

Discussion

This study offer new insights into the role of NRBF2 and highlight the potential of targeting NRBF2 as a therapeutic strategy for addressing cognitive deficits associated with various disorders.
Role of microRNA in the risk stratification of ischemic strokes
Authors: Al-Jehani Hosam M. , Mousa Ahmed Hafez , Alhamid May Adel , Al-Mufti Fawaz
Published: February 2025

Background

Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and morbidity, and risk classification is essential for predicting therapeutic outcomes. MicroRNAs may be useful indicators for risk stratification, as they control gene expression and influence physiological and pathological processes.

Methodology

A systematic strategy was developed to search relevant material using databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Selection criteria included human research, a certain date, or categories of studies. Data extraction, synthesis, and analysis were carried out to find trends, similarities, and differences among the chosen studies. The study’s design, sample size, methodology, statistical analysis, and any potential biases or restrictions from the selected reference papers were also taken into account.

Results and findings

MicroRNA is an important biomarker for risk stratification in Ischemic Strokes. It can be used to identify Stroke-Specific microRNA Signatures, identify diagnostic and prognostic values, and regulate Vascular Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Thrombus Formation and Resolution. It also has potential therapeutic applications.

Conclusion

MicroRNAs have emerged as promising biomarkers for predicting stroke risk, severity of strokes, and clinical outcomes. They can be used to predict the severity of a stroke and aid clinicians in making treatment decisions.
Association between serum total bilirubin levels and 28-day all-cause mortality after intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Qiu Dachang , Li Guangwei , Dong Yongfei
Published: February 2025

Background

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. Although some studies have indicated a correlation between serum bilirubin levels and ICH severity, evidence of the relationship between serum total bilirubin (TBIL) and ICH outcomes remains lacking.

Methods

A total of 914 patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database met the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. The patients were categorized into two groups based on whether they survived for 28 days following admission to hospital. The association between serum TBIL levels and 28-day survival in patients with ICH was investigated using Spearman’s correlation analysis and restricted cubic splines. The effect of serum TBIL levels on survival time and rate in the 28-day period was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves and restricted mean survival times. Univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, and multivariate Cox regression were used to identify risk factors associated with 28-day all-cause mortality. Finally, subgroup analysis was performed to verify the stability of the association between serum TBIL levels and 28-day all-cause mortality in patients with ICH.

Results

A negative relationship was revealed between TBIL levels and survival (p < 0.001, correlation = −0.174). Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a nonlinear link between mean serum TBIL levels and 28-day all-cause mortality (p for nonlinear = 0.001). Patients with ICH and higher serum TBIL levels had significantly reduced survival times and rates compared with those with lower serum TBIL levels (p < 0.001). Serum TBIL level was identified as a significant risk factor for 28-day all-cause mortality in patients with ICH (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.121 [1.063–1.182], p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed that the assessed variables had no influence on the association between serum TBIL levels and 28-day all-cause mortality.

Conclusion

Higher serum TBIL levels are associated with a greater risk of mortality within 28 days in patients with ICH, whereas lower serum TBIL levels are associated with prolonged survival.