bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of metabolic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetic coronary heart diseases based on metabolomic approach
Authors: Liu Xinfeng , Gao Jian , Chen Jianxin , Wang Zhiyong , Shi Qi , Man Hongxue , Guo Shuzhen , Wang Yingfeng , Li Zhongfeng , Wang Wei
Published: July 2016

Type 2 diabetic coronary heart disease (T2DM-CHD) is a kind of serious and complex disease. Great attention has been paid to exploring its mechanism; however, the detailed understanding of T2DM-CHD is still limited. Plasma samples from 15 healthy controls, 13 coronary heart disease (CHD) patients, 15 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and 28 T2DM-CHD patients were analyzed in this research. The potential biomarkers of CHD and T2DM were detected and screened out by1H NMR-based plasma metabolic profiling and multivariate data analysis. About 11 and 12 representative metabolites of CHD and T2DM were identified respectively, mainly including alanine, arginine, proline, glutamine, creatinine and acetate. Then the diagnostic model was further constructed based on the previous metabolites of CHD and T2DM to detect T2DM-CHD with satisfying sensitivity of 92.9%, specificity of 93.3% and accuracy of 93.2%, validating the robustness of1H NMR-based plasma metabolic profiling to diagnostic strategy. The results demonstrated that the NMR-based metabolomics approach processed good performance to identify diagnostic plasma biomarkers and most identified metabolites related to T2DM and CHD could be considered as predictors of T2DM-CHD as well as the therapeutic targets for prevention, which provided new insight into diagnosing and forecasting of complex diseases.
The random dot tachistogram: a novel task that elucidates the functional architecture of decision
Authors: Genest Wilfried , Hammond Robert , Carpenter R. H. S.
Published: July 2016

Reaction times are long and variable, almost certainly because they result from a process that accumulates noisy decision signals over time, rising to a threshold. But the origin of the variability is still disputed: is it because the incoming sensory signals are themselves noisy? Or does it arise within the brain? Here we use a stimulus – the random dot tachistogram – which demands spatial integration of information presented essentially instantaneously; with it, we demonstrate three things. First, that the latency distributions still show the variability characteristic of LATER, implying that there must be two integrators in series. Secondly, that since this variability persists despite removal of all temporal noise from the stimulus, or even trial-to-trial spatial variation, it must come from within the nervous system. Finally, that the average rate of rise of the decision signal depends linearly on how many dots move in a given direction. Taken together, this suggests a rather simple, two-stage model of the overall process. The first, detection, stage performs local temporal integration of stimuli; the local, binary, outcomes are linearly summed and integrated by LATER units in the second stage, that perform the final global decision by a process of racing competition.
Identification of excitatory premotor interneurons which regulate local muscle contraction during Drosophila larval locomotion
Authors: Hasegawa Eri , Truman James W. , Nose Akinao
Published: July 2016

We use Drosophila larval locomotion as a model to elucidate the working principles of motor circuits. Larval locomotion is generated by rhythmic and sequential contractions of body-wall muscles from the posterior to anterior segments, which in turn are regulated by motor neurons present in the corresponding neuromeres. Motor neurons are known to receive both excitatory and inhibitory inputs, combined action of which likely regulates patterned motor activity during locomotion. Although recent studies identified candidate inhibitory premotor interneurons, the identity of premotor interneurons that provide excitatory drive to motor neurons during locomotion remains unknown. In this study, we searched for and identified two putative excitatory premotor interneurons in this system, termed CLI1 and CLI2 (cholinergic lateral interneuron 1 and 2). These neurons were segmentally arrayed and activated sequentially from the posterior to anterior segments during peristalsis. Consistent with their being excitatory premotor interneurons, the CLIs formed GRASP- and ChAT-positive putative synapses with motoneurons and were active just prior to motoneuronal firing in each segment. Moreover, local activation of CLI1s induced contraction of muscles in the corresponding body segments. Taken together, our results suggest that the CLIs directly activate motoneurons sequentially along the segments during larval locomotion.
High resolution iridocorneal angle imaging system by axicon lens assisted gonioscopy
Authors: Perinchery Sandeep Menon , Shinde Anant , Fu Chan Yiu , Jeesmond Hong Xun Jie , Baskaran Mani , Aung Tin , Murukeshan Vadakke Matham
Published: July 2016

Direct visualization and assessment of the iridocorneal angle (ICA) region with high resolution is important for the clinical evaluation of glaucoma. However, the current clinical imaging systems for ICA do not provide sufficient structural details due to their poor resolution. The key challenges in achieving high quality ICA imaging are its location in the anterior region of the eye and the occurrence of total internal reflection due to refractive index difference between cornea and air. Here, we report an indirect axicon assisted gonioscopy imaging probe with white light illumination. The illustrated results with this probe shows significantly improved visualization of structures in the ICA including TM region, compared to the current available tools. It could reveal critical details of ICA and expected to aid management by providing information that is complementary to angle photography and gonioscopy.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase regulates hepatitis C virus replication
Authors: Jung Gwon-Soo , Jeon Jae-Han , Choi Yeon-Kyung , Jang Se Young , Park Soo Young , Kim Sung-Woo , Byun Jun-Kyu , Kim Mi-Kyung , Lee Sungwoo , Shin Eui-Cheol , Lee In-Kyu , Kang Yu Na , Park Keun-Gyu
Published: July 2016

During replication, hepatitis C virus (HCV) utilizes macromolecules produced by its host cell. This process requires host cellular metabolic reprogramming to favor elevated levels of aerobic glycolysis. Therefore, we evaluated whether pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), a mitochondrial enzyme that promotes aerobic glycolysis, can regulate HCV replication. Levels of c-Myc, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), PDK1, PDK3, glucokinase, and serine biosynthetic enzymes were compared between HCV-infected and uninfected human liver and Huh-7.5 cells infected with or without HCV. Protein and mRNA expression of c-Myc, HIF-1α, and glycolytic enzymes were significantly higher in HCV-infected human liver and hepatocytes than in uninfected controls. This increase was accompanied by upregulation of serine biosynthetic enzymes, suggesting cellular metabolism was altered toward facilitated nucleotide synthesis essential for HCV replication. JQ1, a c-Myc inhibitor, and dichloroacetate (DCA), a PDK inhibitor, decreased the expression of glycolytic and serine synthetic enzymes in HCV-infected hepatocytes, resulting in suppressed viral replication. Furthermore, when co-administered with IFN-α or ribavirin, DCA further inhibited viral replication. In summary, HCV reprograms host cell metabolism to favor glycolysis and serine biosynthesis; this is mediated, at least in part, by increased PDK activity, which provides a surplus of nucleotide precursors. Therefore, blocking PDK activity might have therapeutic benefits against HCV replication.
High-density lipoprotein inhibits ox-LDL-induced adipokine secretion by upregulating SR-BI expression and suppressing ER Stress pathway
Authors: Song Guohua , Wu Xia , Zhang Pu , Yu Yang , Yang Mingfeng , Jiao Peng , Wang Ni , Song Haiming , Wu You , Zhang Xiangjian , Liu Huaxia , Qin Shucun
Published: July 2016

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in adipocytes can modulate adipokines secretion. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effect of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced ERS-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) pathway-mediated adipokine secretion. Our results showed that serum adipokines, including visfatin, resistin and TNF-α, correlated inversely with serum HDL cholesterol level in patients with abdominal obesity. In vitro, like ERS inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA), HDL inhibited ox-LDL- or tunicamycin (TM, an ERS inducer)-induced increase in visfatin and resistin secretion. Moreover, HDL inhibited ox-LDL-induced free cholesterol (FC) accumulation in whole cell lysate and in the endoplasmic reticulum. Additionally, like PBA, HDL inhibited ox-LDL- or TM-induced activation of ERS response as assessed by the decreased phosphorylation of protein kinase-like ER kinase and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α and reduced nuclear translocation of activating transcription factor 6 as well as the downregulation of Bip and CHOP. Furthermore, HDL increased scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) expression and SR-BI siRNA treatment abolished the inhibitory effects of HDL on ox-LDL-induced FC accumulation and CHOP upregulation. These data indicate that HDL may suppress ox-LDL-induced FC accumulation in adipocytes through upregulation of SR-BI, subsequently preventing ox-LDL-induced ER stress-CHOP pathway-mediated adipocyte inflammation.
A turn-on fluorescent probe for phytic acid based on ferric ion-modulated glutathione-capped silver nanoclusters
Authors: Chen Q. , Li M. , Zhang F. , Li R. , Chen G. , Zhu S. H. , Wang H.
Published: July 2016

A sensitive fluorescence detection assay for phytic acid (PA) in real samples was developed based on Fe3+-modulated GSH@AgNCs, with high detection selectivity, repeatability, and stability.
Supramolecularly fine-regulated enantioselective catalysts
Authors: Vaquero Mónica , Rovira Laura , Vidal-Ferran Anton
Published: July 2016

The use of supramolecular interactions in catalysis has undergone major growth in the last decade and has contributed to the major advances achieved in the field of enantioselective catalysis.
Molecular tweezers for lysine and arginine – powerful inhibitors of pathologic protein aggregation
Authors: Schrader Thomas , Bitan Gal , Klärner Frank-Gerrit
Published: July 2016

Molecular tweezers prevent tau deposition in mouse brains.
One-pot polyol synthesis of highly monodisperse short green silver nanorods
Authors: Patarroyo Javier , Genç Aziz , Arbiol Jordi , Bastús Neus G. , Puntes Victor
Published: July 2016

High yield production of green silver nanorods of a low aspect ratio via an optimized one-pot polyol method using tannic acid at substoichiometric concentrations.
Cobalt-catalyzed C–H olefination of aromatics with unactivated alkenes
Authors: Manoharan Ramasamy , Sivakumar Ganesan , Jeganmohan Masilamani
Published: July 2016

A cobalt-catalyzed C–H olefination of aromatic and heteroaromatic amides with unactivated alkenes, allyl acetates and allyl alcohols is described. This method offers an efficient route for the synthesis of vinyl and allyl benzamides in a highly stereoselective manner.
Boosting oxygen reduction/evolution reaction activities with layered perovskite catalysts
Authors: Chen Dengjie , Wang Jian , Zhang Zhenbao , Shao Zongping , Ciucci Francesco
Published: July 2016

Layered PrBaMn2O5+δ catalysts, facilely prepared by annealing pristine Pr0.5Ba0.5MnO3−δ in H2, exhibit remarkably enhanced oxygen reduction/evolution reaction activities.
Highly efficient non-doped deep blue fluorescent emitters with horizontal emitting dipoles using interconnecting units between chromophores
Authors: Kim Kwon-Hyeon , Baek Jang Yeol , Cheon Chan Woo , Moon Chang-Ki , Sim Bomi , Choi Myeong Yong , Kim Jang-Joo , Kim Yun-Hi
Published: July 2016

New deep blue fluorescent emitters composed of anthracene as an electron rich unit, a diphenyltriazine as a strong electron acceptor unit, and phenyl or xylene as interconnecting units were synthesised.
Ab initio molecular dynamics study of an aqueous NaCl solution under an electric field
Authors: Cassone Giuseppe , Creazzo Fabrizio , Giaquinta Paolo V. , Saija Franz , Marco Saitta A.
Published: July 2016

Ab initiomolecular dynamics simulations of salty water under an electric field reveal two regimes of the relative mobilities of chlorine and sodium ions. When water dissociation and proton transfer are actived at strong field intensities, the presence of the ions hinders the efficiency of the proton transfer mechanism.
The role of colloidal plasmonic nanostructures in organic solar cells
Authors: Singh C. R. , Honold T. , Gujar T. P. , Retsch M. , Fery A. , Karg M. , Thelakkat M.
Published: July 2016

A colloidal self-assembly concept is introduced for the fabrication of optically homogenous monolayers of plasmonic Au-nanoparticles in organic solar cells.
Entropy prediction for H2 adsorption in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Liu Yu , Guo Fangyuan , Hu Jun , Zhao Shuangliang , Liu Honglai , Hu Ying
Published: July 2016

An efficient method for the prediction of entropy and its application to high throughput calculation.
Highly efficient phosphorescent materials based on Ir(iii) complexes-grafted on a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane core
Authors: Yu Tianzhi , Xu Zixuan , Su Wenming , Zhao Yuling , Zhang Hui , Bao Yanjun
Published: July 2016

Three hybrid materials containing a POSS core were synthesized and characterized, in which two materials were used for light-emitting devices.
Investigation of cobalt(iii)-triazole systems as prototypes for hypoxia-activated drug delivery
Authors: de Souza Isabela Cristina Aguiar , Faro Leticia Villafranca , Pinheiro Carlos Basilio , Gonzaga Daniel Tadeu Gomes , da Silva Fernando de Carvalho , Ferreira Vitor Francisco , Miranda Fabio da Silva , Scarpellini Marciela , Lanznaster Mauricio
Published: July 2016

A novel cobalt(iii)-triazole system was developed for hypoxia-activated drug delivery with an [O2]-dependent reduction to cobalt(ii) followed by ligand dissociation.
A combined experimental and computational study on supramolecular assemblies in hetero-tetranuclear nickel(ii)–cadmium(ii) complexes with N2O4-donor compartmental Schiff bases
Authors: Roy Sourav , Bhattacharyya Anik , Purkait Sourav , Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio , Chattopadhyay Shouvik
Published: July 2016

The contribution of various non-covalent interactions in the supramolecular assembly of two new hetero-polynuclear nickel(ii)–cadmium(ii) complexes with salicylidine Schiff bases were estimated.
Restorable piezochromism phenomenon in an AIE molecular crystal: combined synchronous Raman scattering
Authors: Liu Liqun , Wang Kai , Deng Jian , Zhang Zhe , Wang Yan , Ma Yuguang
Published: July 2016

Many AIE active molecules have been designed and synthesized, and have been found to possess many interesting characteristics. In recent years, research into AIE crystals has increased, and it has been clearly shown that the piezochromic effect of AIE crystals depends on their structure. While most of the related research has given qualitative results, to quantitatively reveal molecular conditions under different pressure conditions, crystals of an AIE material (2Z,2′Z)-3,3′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(2-(naphthalen-2-yl)acrylonitrile) were investigated by synchronous Raman scattering and fluorescence spectroscopies. The molecular structure of the crystal changed during the process of pressurizing and then depressurizing under hydrostatic pressure, and a 142 nm red-shift value was observed in the emission spectrum of the PBNA crystal. The crystal was transformed into a new phase when the pressure was above 1.03 GPa and returned to the original phase when the pressure was decreased. The unique restorable phase transformation process of the crystal of this AIE active material could be used for erasable optical information storage and stress sensing devices.
Influence of the addition of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-05, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12 and inulin on the technological, physicochemical, microbiological and sensory features of creamy goat cheese
Authors: Barbosa Ilsa C. , Oliveira Maria E. G. , Madruga Marta S. , Gullón Beatriz , Pacheco Maria T. B. , Gomes Ana M. P. , Batista Ana S. M. , Pintado Maria M. E. , Souza Evandro L. , Queiroga Rita C. R. E.
Published: July 2016

We evaluated the effects of addition of probiotic cultures and inulin on the quality of creamy goat cheese.
Physicochemical properties and intestinal protective effect of ultra-micro ground insoluble dietary fibre from carrot pomace
Authors: Ma Shaobo , Ren Bo , Diao Zhijun , Chen Yuwei , Qiao Qinglian , Liu Xuebo
Published: July 2016

Carrot pomace is an abundant, but underutilized, byproduct from the juice industry.
Direct cycle between co-product and reactant: an approach to improve the atom economy and its application in the synthesis and protection of primary amines
Authors: Guan Qi , Jiang Mingyang , Wu Junhui , Zhai Yanpeng , Wu Yue , Bao Kai , Zhang Weige
Published: July 2016

Recoverable 3,4-diphenylmaleic anhydride for the atom-economical synthesis and protection of primary amines.
An automated chromatography procedure optimized for analysis of stable Cu isotopes from biological materials
Authors: Enge T. Gabriel , Field M. Paul , Jolley Dianne F. , Ecroyd Heath , Kim M. Hwan , Dosseto Anthony
Published: July 2016

An automated ion-exchange chromatography method is presented for the separation of copper from biological samples for stable, isotope analysis.
Non-ceruloplasmin bound copper and ATP7B gene variants in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Squitti R. , Siotto M. , Arciello M. , Rossi L.
Published: July 2016

ATP7B, a protein mainly expressed in the hepatocytes, is a copper chaperone that loads the metal into the serum copper–protein ceruloplasmin during its synthesis and also escorts superfluous copper into the bile, by a sophisticated trafficking mechanism.
Synthesis of α-d-galactose-based azacrown ethers and their application as enantioselective catalysts in Michael reactions
Authors: Rapi Zsolt , Grün Alajos , Keglevich György , Stirling András , Bakó Péter
Published: July 2016

Crown ethers derived fromd-galactose generated good to excellent enantioselectivities in a few Michael reactions under solid–liquid phase transfer conditions.
Siderophores as molecular tools in medical and environmental applications
Authors: Kurth Colette , Kage Hirokazu , Nett Markus
Published: July 2016

This review highlights the chemistry and biosynthesis of siderophores, as well as their diverse applications in the fields of medicine and agriculture.
Synthetic receptor molecules for selective fluorescence detection of 8-oxo-dGTP in aqueous media
Authors: Fuchi Yasufumi , Fukuda Takashi , Sasaki Shigeki
Published: July 2016

An 8-oxo-dGTP receptor molecule complexed with Zn2+exhibits selective fluorescence quenching for 8-oxo-dGTP in a cell lysate solution.
Blue pyrene-based AIEgens: inhibited intermolecular π–π stacking through the introduction of substituents with controllable intramolecular conjugation, and high external quantum efficiencies up to 3.46% in non-doped OLEDs
Authors: Yang Jie , Li Le , Yu Yun , Ren Zichun , Peng Qian , Ye Shanghui , Li Qianqian , Li Zhen
Published: July 2016

Six blue pyrene-based AIEgens have been synthesized, which exhibit sky blue (484 nm) to deep blue (444 nm) emission.
A new approach toward the synthesis of 2,4-bis(fluoroalkyl)-substituted quinoline derivatives using fluoroalkyl amino reagent chemistry
Authors: Aribi Fallia , Schmitt Etienne , Panossian Armen , Vors Jean-Pierre , Pazenok Sergiy , Leroux Frédéric R.
Published: July 2016

The present work describes the unprecedented use of Fluoroalkyl Amino Reagents (FARs) to afford 2,4-bis(fluoroalkyl)-substituted quinoline derivatives in two steps under mild reaction conditions, in good yields and with a very good regioselectivity.
Enhanced photocurrent response on a CdTe incorporated coordination polymer based on 3-(3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-5-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole
Authors: Meng Jiang Ping , Gong Yun , Lin Jian Hua
Published: July 2016

Two coordination polymers (CPs) with 3D and 2D frameworks exhibit different band structures and photoelectrochemical behaviors, and the CP 1@CdTe composite exhibits higher photocurrent density than CP 1 and CdTe.
A novel bio-microcircuit for bio-assays
Authors: Fang Xueen , Cao Hongmei , Wu Wenjuan , Kong Jilie
Published: July 2016

In this study, a novel micro-system made of a fluid circuit board and various functional components, inspired by integrated microcircuit techniques, was developed.
Enhancing oxygen reduction reaction durability via coating graphene layers on iron-nitrogen supported carbon nanotubes
Authors: Liu Cai-Di , Li Guang-Lan , Cheng Guang-Chun , Hao Ce , Chen Si-Mei , Xie Yang-Yang
Published: July 2016

Fe-N-CNT@GN catalyst was designed through coating several graphene layers derived from the disodium edentate to enhance ORR durability.
In situ identification of the molecular-scale interactions of phenol-formaldehyde resin and wood cell walls using infrared nanospectroscopy
Authors: Wang Xinzhou , Deng Yuhe , Li Yanjun , Kjoller Kevin , Roy Anirban , Wang Siqun
Published: July 2016

Atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), contact resonance AFM (CR-AFM) measurement, and nanoindentation were combined to identify the interactions between wood cell wall and phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF) on the nanoscale.
Proximal environment controlling the reactivity between inorganic sulfide and heme-peptide model
Authors: Zhao Zijian , Wang Dandan , Wang Mingyang , Sun Xiaoli , Wang Liping , Huang Xuri , Ma Li , Li Zhengqiang
Published: July 2016

Synthesized deuterohemin-peptide, which is lack of the distal protein structure, is used as a heme model to investigate the effects of the proximal environment on the reactivity of inorganic sulfide to heme center.
Thermodynamic calculations of oxygen self-diffusion in mixed-oxide nuclear fuels
Authors: Parfitt D. C. , Cooper M. W. D. , Rushton M. J. D. , Christopoulos S.-R. G. , Fitzpatrick M. E. , Chroneos A.
Published: July 2016

Molecular dynamics calculations are used to provide a self-consistent prediction of the elastic, thermal expansion and oxygen self-diffusion properties of mixed oxide nuclear fuels at arbitrary compositions.
The progress of single-band upconversion nanomaterials
Authors: Lei Lei , Zhang JunJie , Xu Shiqing
Published: July 2016

An overview of the recent progresses in realizing single-band UC emission through different methods and the related mechanisms are given for the first time. The challenges and future perspectives of these novel NMs are stated.
A novel insensitive cocrystal explosive BTO/ATZ: preparation and performance
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Bin , Li Tong , Yin Lei , Yin Xin , Zhang Jian-Guo
Published: July 2016

A new insensitive co-crystal explosive, BTO/ATZ, has a promising future for use as an insensitive explosive.
Spotlight on ultrasonic fracture behaviour of nanowires: their size-dependent effect and prospect for controllable functional modification
Authors: Dai H. , Wang T. Y. , Li M. C.
Published: July 2016

A ‘bubble-jet impacted’ model reveals the specific fragmentation evolution behaviors of nanowires.
Effects of oxygen content in the atmosphere on thermal oxidative stabilization of polyacrylonitrile fibers
Authors: Wang Jing , Hu Leiyang , Yang Changling , Zhao Weizhe , Lu Yonggen
Published: July 2016

The effects of oxygen content in the atmosphere on thermal oxidative stabilization of polyacrylonitrile fibers have been studied based on the evolution of the interaction between cyclization and oxidation reactions.
A kinetic and mechanistic study of the degradation of 1,2-dichloroethane and methyl tert-butyl ether using alkaline-activated persulfate oxidation
Authors: Chen Ku-Fan , Chang Yu-Chen , Liu Kuan-Yu
Published: July 2016

Alkaline-activated persulfate accelerates the degradation of 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) while the rate of degradation of methyltert-butyl ether (MTBE) in alkaline-activated persulfate system is decreased.
Bio-templated germanium photonic crystals by a facile liquid phase deposition process
Authors: Yi Wu , Xiong Ding-Bang , Zhang Wang , Su Huilan , Liu Qinglei , Gu Jiajun , Zhu Shenmin , Zhang Di
Published: July 2016

Ge photonic crystals were synthesized by replicating butterfly wings with GeO2via a facile liquid phase deposition followed by a reducing process.
Self-organized ZnO nanorods prepared by anodization of zinc in NaOH electrolyte
Authors: Dong Junzhe , Liu Zhuofeng , Dong Junye , Ariyanti Dessy , Niu Zhenjiang , Huang Saifang , Zhang Weijun , Gao Wei
Published: July 2016

Regular ZnO nanorods were obtained by anodization using NaOH aqueous electrolytes which is affected by voltage, anodization time and electrolyte concentration.
Effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the lubricating properties of TiAl–Ag composites based on the changes in applied loads and testing temperatures
Authors: Yang Kang , Shi Xiaoliang , Zhang Ao , Wang Zhihai , Wang Yufu
Published: July 2016

The rapid development of self-lubricating materials has been driven by the urgent demands of aerospace and automobile industries.
LaCoO3 perovskite in Pt/LaCoO3/K/Al2O3 for the improvement of NOx storage and reduction performances
Authors: Wen Wu , Wang Xiuyun , Jin Si , Wang Ruihu
Published: July 2016

A series of x wt% Pt/LaCoO3/K/Al2O3 (x = 0, 0.3 and 1.0) were synthesized for NOx storage and reduction. 0.3 wt% Pt/LaCoO3/K/Al2O3 shows higher NOx storage capacities, stronger SO2 tolerance and better regenerability than 1.0 wt% Pt/K/Al2O3.
Enhanced photocatalytic H2 production on cadmium sulfide photocatalysts using nickel nitride as a novel cocatalyst
Authors: Sun Zijun , Chen Huanlin , Zhang Lei , Lu Dapeng , Du Pingwu
Published: July 2016

Ni3N is an efficient cocatalyst on CdS nanorod semiconductors for visible light-driven H2 production in water.
Coordination effect assisted synthesis of ultrathin Pt layers on second metal nanocrystals as efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Xiang , Chen Qiang , Wang Mengyue , Cao Zhenming , Zhan Qi , He Tianou , Kuang Qin , Yin Yadong , Jin Mingshang
Published: July 2016

Ultrathin Pt layers can be generated on Pd and Au nanocrystals by coordination effect assisted synthesis for the oxygen reduction reaction.
Roles of silanes and silicones in forming superhydrophobic and superoleophobic materials
Authors: Li Lingxiao , Li Bucheng , Dong Jie , Zhang Junping
Published: July 2016

The roles of silanes and silicones in forming superhydrophobic and superoleophobic materials are summarized, and the challenges are also listed.
Elevated salt transport of antimicrobial loose nanofiltration membranes enabled by copper nanoparticles via fast bioinspired deposition
Authors: Zhu Junyong , Uliana Adam , Wang Jing , Yuan Shushan , Li Jian , Tian Miaomiao , Simoens Kenneth , Volodin Alexander , Lin Jiuyang , Bernaerts Kristel , Zhang Yatao , Van der Bruggen Bart
Published: July 2016

Loose nanofiltration membranes prepared by co-deposition of polydopamine and CuNPs enhance water permeability, dye retention, salt transmission, and antimicrobial activity.
Co-localization of catalysts within a protein cage leads to efficient photochemical NADH and/or hydrogen production
Authors: Edwards Ethan , Roychoudhury Rajarshi , Schwarz Benjamin , Jordan Paul , Lisher John , Uchida Masaki , Douglas Trevor
Published: July 2016

P22 VLP used as a constrained reaction environment for photochemical NADH and hydrogen production, by co-localizing a two-catalyst system.
A water-soluble two-photon fluorescence chemosensor for ratiometric imaging of mitochondrial viscosity in living cells
Authors: Zhao Meng , Zhu Yingzhong , Su Jian , Geng Qian , Tian Xiaohe , Zhang Jun , Zhou Hongping , Zhang Shengyi , Wu Jieying , Tian Yupeng
Published: July 2016

We report a novel water-soluble ratiometric TPEF chemosensor EIN that is specifically responsive and singularly sensitive to mitochondria viscosity in living cells.
A combined experimental and computational study of the substituent effect on the photodynamic efficacy of amphiphilic Zn(ii)phthalocyanines
Authors: Galstyan Anzhela , Riehemann Kristina , Schäfers Michael , Faust Andreas
Published: July 2016

The interplay between structural features, photophysical characteristics and photodynamic efficacy of carbohydrate substituted amphiphilic Zn(ii)phthalocyanines is presented.
Nanofibers generated from nonclassical organogelators based on difluoroboron β-diketonate complexes to detect aliphatic primary amine vapors
Authors: Zhai Lu , Liu Mingyang , Xue Pengchong , Sun Jingbo , Gong Peng , Zhang Zhenqi , Sun Jiabao , Lu Ran
Published: July 2016

Narrow band gap nonclassical π-organogelators self-assembled into nanofibers for detecting primary amine vapors via the decomposition of difluoroboron β-diketonate complexes.
Rational design of an ITO/CuS nanosheet network composite film as a counter electrode for flexible dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaojia , Liu Xingqiang , Zhang Yupeng , Bao Rongrong , Peng Dengfeng , Li Tianfeng , Gao Guoyun , Guo Wenxi , Pan Caofeng
Published: July 2016

The brittleness of traditional indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) is an obstacle to its commercialization in flexible opto-electronics.
Kilowatt‐level power amplifier in a single‐ended architecture at 352 MHz
Authors: Haapala L. , Eriksson A. , Hoang Duc L. , Dancila D.
Published: July 2016

The feasibility and very good performance of a kilowatt‐level power amplifier in a single‐ended architecture, intended for energy systems are demonstrated. The prototype is designed at 352 MHz for the ESS LINAC and delivers 1250 W with 71% efficiency in pulsed operation with a duty cycle of 5%, 3.5 ms pulse at 14 Hz repetition.
Reactive power optimisation considering wind farms based on an optimal scenario method
Authors: Zhang Cong , Chen Haoyong , Ngan Honwing
Published: July 2016

Uncertain reactive power optimisation incorporating wind power (RPOWP) is mainly solved by chance constrained programming (CCP) and robust programming (RP) at present. However, it is well‐known that CCP is a time‐consuming method due to usage of Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), and RP always gives conservative solutions with poor economy, for it conducts optimisation on the box sets without using the available distribution information. To overcome these merits, this study proposes a method called optimal scenario method (OSM), and it can deal with the uncertainties incorporated in RPOWP without using MCS, as well as utilise the distributions of wind power. It is implemented in two stages by using the interior point method (IPM) and genetic algorithm (GA). First, IPM is used to find the optimal wind power scenario by controlling continuous control variables, where the number of voltage overrun is the smallest in all scenarios and the average real power losses is also reduced. Second, GA is employed to reduce the times of constraints violation further by coordinating discrete control variables. Two test systems are analysed in case study, with results of IEEE14 system compared with CCP method, and IEEE57 system is tested to show the applicability of OSM to larger systems. It is concluded that the proposed OSM performs better than conventional method and holds ability to apply to larger grid.
Data integrity attack in smart grid: optimised attack to gain momentary economic profit
Authors: Khanna Kush , Panigrahi Bijaya Ketan , Joshi Anupam
Published: July 2016

The cyber‐physical security of power grid has gained more attention in the research community due to integration of information and communication technologies. Smart meters are vulnerable to cyber threats and if the security of these meters is compromised then the consequence can be devastating. It is necessary to study all the possible impacts that cyber attacks may have on the power grid in order to make the grid immune to such intrusions. With more and more renewable energy and information technology integration, electricity companies must make sure that they are not paying for spoofed electricity. In this study, the authors propose a new attack through which a private actor injects false data into multiple meters to deceive the system operator with new modified system state to gain momentary profit by projecting higher energy export than actual. Assuming real power injection measurement to be secured at all the generator buses, the attack is simulated for IEEE 14‐bus and IEEE 30‐bus system. From the system operator's perspective, the most vulnerable buses are obtained and ranked based on the severity and minimum set of meters required to launch an attack.
Isolated battery charger with multi‐level rectifier
Authors: Wu Jinn‐Chang , Jou Hurng‐Liahng , Han Jia‐Jhong
Published: July 2016

This paper presents an isolated battery charger which is configured by a seven‐level AC‐DC power converter and an isolated DC‐DC power converter. The seven‐level AC‐DC power converter is composed of a diode rectifier and a three‐port DC‐DC power converter. The three‐port DC‐DC power converter generates a four‐level voltage at the DC bus of the diode rectifier by controlling its power electronic switches. Accordingly, the voltage at the AC input terminals of the diode rectifier is an AC voltage with seven levels, and the input current is sinusoidal and in phase with the utility voltage to perform unity power factor. The inductance of the filter inductor and the capacity of the EMI filter can be reduced due to the seven‐level AC voltage at the input AC terminals of the seven‐level AC‐DC power converter. The isolated DC‐DC power converter is a two‐level forward power converter to regulate the voltages of the three‐port DC‐DC power converter and generate an isolated output power to charge the battery set. A prototype is developed and tested to verify the performance of the isolated battery charger. The experimental results show the isolated battery charger performs as expected.
Role of composition and structure on the properties of metal/multifunctional ceramic interfaces
Authors: Lin Fang-Yin , Chernatynskiy Aleksandr , Nino Juan C. , Jones Jacob L. , Hennig Richard , Sinnott Susan B.
Published: July 2016

The formation of intermetallic secondary phases, such as Pt3Pb, has been observed experimentally at PbTiO3/Pt and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/Pt, or PZT/Pt, interfaces. Density functional theory calculations are used here to calculate the work of adhesion of these interfacial systems with and without the secondary intermetallic phase. The charge density maps of the interfaces reveal the electronic interactions at the interface and the impact of the secondary phase. In addition, Bader charge analysis provides a quantitative assessment of electron transfer from the perovskites to the Pt. Analysis of the band diagrams indicates an increase of the potential barrier associated with electron transfer due to the formation of the Pt3Pb at PZT/Pt interfaces.
Parametric excitation of coupled fast and slow upper hybrid waves by counter-propagating circularly polarized lasers in a magnetized plasma
Authors: Verma Kanika , Baliyan Sweta , Sajal Vivek , Kumar Ravindra , Sharma Navneet K.
Published: July 2016

The parametric decay of large amplitude non-resonant beating mode of counter-propagating lasers (having a frequency difference ≥2ωp) into a pair of upper hybrid waves is studied in magnetized plasma. One of the excited upper hybrid waves (known as fast wave) having phase velocity close to c, can be utilized for electron acceleration. The coupled mode equations of fast and slow upper hybrid waves are modelled by solving equation of motion and continuity equation simultaneously (using the density perturbation technique) to derive the dispersion relation for two plasmon decay process. The growth rate of the present excitation process using right circularly polarized beating lasers is higher as compared with the growth rates of the excitation processes using ordinary and extraordinary beating lasers. However, the growth rate is not significant in the case of left circularly polarized beating lasers. The growth rate ∼0.15ωps−1 is achieved for right circularly polarized beating lasers having v1,2/c=0.1 for scattering angle θs∼160° and applied magnetic field ∼90 T. The growth rate of fast upper hybrid wave was reduced with the applied axial magnetic field in the present case. The present work is not only significant for the electron acceleration by fast upper hybrid wave but also for diagnostic purpose.
Multispectral medical image fusion in Contourlet domain for computer based diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Bhateja Vikrant , Moin Aisha , Srivastava Anuja , Bao Le Nguyen , Lay-Ekuakille Aimé , Le Dac-Nhuong
Published: July 2016

Computer based diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease can be performed by dint of the analysis of the functional and structural changes in the brain. Multispectral image fusion deliberates upon fusion of the complementary information while discarding the surplus information to achieve a solitary image which encloses both spatial and spectral details. This paper presents a Non-Sub-sampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT) based multispectral image fusion model for computer-aided diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. The proposed fusion methodology involves color transformation of the input multispectral image. The multispectral image in YIQ color space is decomposed using NSCT followed by dimensionality reduction using modified Principal Component Analysis algorithm on the low frequency coefficients. Further, the high frequency coefficients are enhanced using non-linear enhancement function. Two different fusion rules are then applied to the low-pass and high-pass sub-bands: Phase congruency is applied to low frequency coefficients and a combination of directive contrast and normalized Shannon entropy is applied to high frequency coefficients. The superiority of the fusion response is depicted by the comparisons made with the other state-of-the-art fusion approaches (in terms of various fusion metrics).
Local lattice distortions and magnetic properties of CdCr2Se4−xSx
Authors: Behera P. Suchismita , Bhobe P. A. , Sathe V. G. , Nigam A. K.
Published: July 2016

Interplay between structural disorder and magnetic interaction is investigated here for a multiferroic candidate material, CdCr2Se4. Ferromagnetic order in CdCr2Se4 sets in below TC ∼ 130 K as a result of competition between the direct Cr-Cr spin coupling and the near neighbour Cr-Se-Cr exchange interactions. Hence, a small change in the crystal structure is expected to drastically affect its magnetic order. In this report, local lattice distortions within the overall cubic symmetry were brought about by replacing a small percentage of Se by isovalent S. Detailed crystal structure study using EXAFS and Raman Spectroscopy reflects the presence of local distortions within the overall cubic symmetry. Contrary to the expectation, magnetic properties of the substituted compositions do not show any drastic changes. Though, a signature of spin-phonon coupling is present across the magnetic ordering temperature. No structural phase transition occurs within the investigated temperature range of 80–300 K.
Modifying the emission of light from a semiconductor nanowire array
Authors: Anttu Nicklas
Published: July 2016

Semiconductor nanowire arrays have been identified as a promising platform for future light emitting diodes (LEDs), for example, due to the materials science freedom of combining lattice-mismatched materials in them. Furthermore, the emission of light from nanowires can be tailored by designing their geometry. Such tailoring could optimize the emission of light to the top side as well as enhance the emission rate through the Purcell effect. However, the possibility for enhanced light extraction from III-V nanowire arrays over a conventional bulk-like LED has not been investigated systematically. Here, we use electromagnetic modeling to study the emission of light from nanowire arrays. We vary both the diameter of the nanowires and the array period to show the benefit of moving from a bulk-like LED to a nanowire array LED. We study the fraction of light emitted to the top air side and to the substrate at wavelength λ. We find several diameter-dependent resonant peaks for which the emission to the top side is maximized. For the strongest such peak, by increasing the array period, the fraction of emitted light that is extracted at the top air side can be enhanced by a factor of 30 compared to that in a planar bulk LED. By modeling a single nanowire, we confirm that it is beneficial to place the nanowires further apart to enhance the emission to the top side. Furthermore, we predict that for a nanowire diameter D > λ/2, a majority of the emitted power ends up in the substrate. Our results offer direction for the design and optimization of nanowire-array based light emitting diodes.
Cross-coupled composite-cavity organic microresonators
Authors: Wagner T. , Sudzius M. , Mischok A. , Fröb H. , Leo K.
Published: July 2016

We report on cross-coupled composite-cavity microresonators consisting of a vertical cavity and a second-order distributed feedback structure which employ the same organic active medium and support surface-normal and in-plane emission at the same time. The optical coupling is due to a first-order light diffraction on a second-order Bragg grating and, in the degenerate case, can be as efficient as the coupling observed in more classical cascade coupled cavities. When the system is non-degenerate, the diffraction efficiency is suppressed because of sub-coherence-length dimensions of the composite-cavity and both resonators tend to operate as independent structures without experiencing substantial losses due to diffraction on the distributed-feedback grating.
X-ray diffraction gratings: Precise control of ultra-low blaze angle via anisotropic wet etching
Authors: Voronov Dmitriy L. , Lum Paul , Naulleau Patrick , Gullikson Eric M. , Fedorov Alexei V. , Padmore Howard A.
Published: July 2016

Diffraction gratings are used from micron to nanometer wavelengths as dispersing elements in optical instruments. At shorter wavelengths, crystals can be used as diffracting elements, but due to the 3D nature of the interaction with light are wavelength selective rather than wavelength dispersing. There is an urgent need to extend grating technology into the x-ray domain of wavelengths from 1 to 0.1 nm, but this requires the use of gratings that have a faceted surface in which the facet angles are very small, typically less than 1°. Small facet angles are also required in the extreme ultra-violet and soft x-ray energy ranges in free electron laser applications, in order to reduce power density below a critical damage threshold. In this work, we demonstrate a technique based on anisotropic etching of silicon designed to produce very small angle facets with a high degree of perfection.
Single-polarization hollow-core square photonic bandgap waveguide
Authors: Eguchi Masashi , Tsuji Yasuhide
Published: July 2016

Materials with a periodic structure have photonic bandgaps (PBGs), in which light can not be guided within certain wavelength ranges; thus light can be confined within a low-index region by the bandgap effect. In this paper, rectangular-shaped hollow waveguides having waveguide-walls (claddings) using the PBG have been discussed. The design principle for HE modes of hollow-core rectangular PBG waveguides with a Bragg cladding consisting of alternating high- and low-index layers, based on a 1D periodic multilayer approximation for the Bragg cladding, is established and then a novel single-polarization hollow-core square PBG waveguide using the bandgap difference between two polarized waves is proposed. Our results demonstrated that a single-polarization guiding can be achieved by using the square Bragg cladding structure with different layer thickness ratios in the mutually orthogonal directions and the transmission loss of the guided mode in a designed hollow-core square PBG waveguide is numerically estimated to be 0.04 dB/cm.
Electrokinetic ion breakdown in a nanochannel
Authors: Wang Jun-yao , Xu Zheng
Published: July 2016

In this paper, the electrokinetic ion breakdown in a nanochannel is investigated. The Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations are employed to simulate the influence of the voltage on the concentration. Both theoretical research and experiments show that increasing the voltage can promote the ion concentration, but high voltage will break up the repulsion effect of the electric double layer and bring the concentration down. For a given micro-nanochannel, the ion concentration has a peak value corresponding with a peak voltage. Narrowing the width of a nanochannel improves the peak voltage and the peak concentration. The results will be beneficial to research the internal discipline of electrokinetic concentration.
Side-tracked: unique evidence for passage of foetuses through the lateral vaginal canals in a dasyurid marsupial, Sminthopsis douglasi
Authors: Woolley P. A. , Tyndale-Biscoe C. H.
Published: July 2016

An abnormal female reproductive tract of the dasyurid marsupial Sminthopsis douglasi is described, which provides unequivocal evidence for parturition through the lateral vaginae of this female.
A regional model of sheep lice to study the effect on lice prevalence and costs for Australian farms using a range of treatment efficacy in combination with other lice control strategies
Authors: Lucas Peri G. , Horton Brian J. , Parsons David , Carew Anna L.
Published: July 2016

Using a previously developed predictive model, three different management practices were examined in combination with post-shearing chemical treatments for lice, to determine which combinations could provide cost-effective reductions in lice prevalence over a 20-year period. The model included nine sheep production regions across Australia, all of which have different regional flock prevalence of lice and mean numbers of sheep/property. The lice prevalence model simulated the effects of four management options on Australian lice prevalence and on financial return (expressed as net present value) over a 20-year period. Management options modelled in this study were: treatment for eradication, inspection for lice detection, intervention level, and biosecurity of purchased sheep. The costs and benefits of these management options were calculated on the basis of published data or standard industry costs. Combinations of eradication achieved through treatment and biosecurity of purchased sheep provided the greatest modelled reductions in Australian flock lice prevalence at the lowest cost. With current management practices, lice prevalence was estimated as 16.3% of Australian properties infested and lice costs were estimated at 902 cents per sheep over 20 years. The model estimated that with appropriate management, lice prevalence could be reduced to less than 1.5% of properties infested and costs could be halved to 435 cents per sheep over 20 years. With further development, the modelling described herein offers potential guidance for Australian sheep producers in selecting the most effective and cost-efficient combination of management strategies to reduce lice infestation.