bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening for Janus kinase-2 exon 12 mutations among Janus kinase-2 V617F-negative polycythemia vera suspected Iraqi patients
Authors: Khazeem Mushtaq M. , Alwan Alaa Fadhil
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms including polycythemia vera (PV) has been greatly improved following the identification of driver mutations at exon 12 and exon 14 of the Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) gene. There are limited academic studies that report the frequency of the JAK2 exon 12 gene with limited number of patients.

OBJECTIVES:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of JAK2 exon 12 mutations among JAK2V617F-negative PV-suspected Iraqi patients.

PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This is a retrospective study conducted at the National Center of Hematology/Mustansiriyah University from December 2019 to January 2022; patients with suspicion of PV were enrolled in this study. Screening for JAK2 exon 14 (JAK2V617F) mutations was done for all 323 patients. Out of them, there were 102 patients with JAK2V617F-negative who retrospectively screened for JAK2 exon 12 mutations by direct sequencing (Sanger sequencing).

RESULTS:

Initial evaluation for the total 323 patients suspected with PV revealed that 84 cases were mutated for the JAK2V617F gene, and 239 were unmutated. The frequency of JAK2 exon 12 was about 1% among JAK2V17F-negative patients. The median age for all patients was 35 years. Among the total cases, 21 cases (20.59%) showed splenomegaly at the time of clinical onset sequencing of these cases revealed only one case mutated with JAK2 exon 12 (E543-D544del).

CONCLUSION:

The current study showed that the frequency of JAK2 exon 12 mutations in JAK2V617F-negative cases was very low. Despite PV patients with JAK2 exon 12 mutations represent a small proportion of total PV cases, JAK2 exon 12 mutations should be routinely screened in JAK2V617F-negative cases.
Predicting Antitubercular Drug-Induced Liver Injury and Its Outcome and Introducing a Novel Scoring System
Authors: Raj Mani Selvin Sundar , Iyyadurai Ramya , Mishra Ajay Kumar , Manjunath Krishna , Prasad Jasmin , Lakshmanan Jeyaseelan , Yadav Bijesh , Reginald Alex , Jasmine Sudha , Hansdak Samuel George , Zachariah Anand
Published: September 2024

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem, mainly in developing countries. Despite the availability of highly effective first-line antitubercular (ATT) drugs, ATT drug-induced liver injury (ATT DILI) leads to treatment interruption and consequently loss of therapeutic efficacy.

Methods:

In this prospective cohort study from India, all consecutive patients who met inclusion criteria and started on ATT were included. The incidence, risk factors, and outcome of ATT DILI were determined. A clinical prediction score for ATT DILI was derived.

Results:

A total of 393 patients were included. The incidence of ATT DILI was 9.7% (95% confidence interval 7%–13.2%). HIV infection, daily regimen, disseminated disease, and chronic liver disease were identified as significant risk factors (P < 0.05) for developing DILI. A prediction score derived from the risk factors showed that a score of >5 could predict DILI with a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 67%. All-cause mortality in DILI was 4.7%.

Conclusion:

The incidence of ATT DILI was 9.7% in our cohort with higher incidence among the patients on daily regimen. The study suggests that the combination of risk factors of extensive TB disease, HIV infection, chronic liver disease, and under nutrition increases the vulnerability to DILI, particularly with daily treatment regimen, emphasizing the role of acquired risk factors in the development of DILI.
Evaluation of a New Interferon Gamma Release Assay, in Comparison to Tuberculin Skin Tests and Quantiferon Tuberculosis Goldplus for the Detection of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Children from a High Tuberculosis Burden Setting
Authors: Benachinmardi Kirtilaxmi , Sampath Sangeetha , Rao Mohan
Published: September 2024

Background:

Detection of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in children, exposed to tuberculosis (TB) infections, followed by appropriate treatment, could be instrumental in reducing TB burden. Interferon Gamma release assays (IGRA) have higher specificity than tuberculin skin tests (TST), hence are more effective option for diagnosis. Hence, the present study was aimed to diagnose the presence of latent TB in children with the help of a new Standard E TB-Feron Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (TBF) and evaluating its efficiency as compared to TST and Quantiferon TB Gold plus (QFT Plus).

Methods:

Diagnosis of LTBI in participants, <18 years old, who were the close household contacts of patients with active TB was carried out employing techniques such as TST, QFT Plus, and TBF.

Results:

Higher positive results were obtained with IGRA assays QFT Plus and TBF than TST. The perfect agreement was observed between QFT Plus and TBF assays with a Kappa value of 0.9176 whereas TST and TBF assay showed moderate agreement with a Kappa value of 0.42365. The level of cytokines secreted as a result of stimulation by the antigens from QFT Plus tubes was lower in comparison to antigens from TBF tubes.

Conclusion:

Hence, TBF, which showed similar efficiency as the widely used QFT Plus, can be a useful detection technique for LTBI in children. Moreover, it could prove to be an efficient alternative to expensive IGRAs like QFT Plus.
Threat in Water for Drinking and Domestic Use
Authors: Atik Dursun , Oksuz Sukrü , Ozturk Elif , Çaliskan Emel , Akar Nida , Sungur Mehmet Ali
Published: September 2024

Objective:

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been recognized as a diverse group of organisms that are ubiquitous in environmental sources. In most regions of the world, NTM are not reportable as a public health disease, so epidemiological data are not easily available. However, data in published studies note increasing trends at the rate of NTM isolation from different geographic regions of the world. Increasing NTM isolation may have important public health implications. The aim of our study is the investigation of NTM from water resources and networks in Düzce, Turkey.

Methods:

NTM are common in water resources and water networks. They can cause waterborne infections in humans. A total of 120 water samples measured of chlorine and pH levels were decontaminated and filtered. Then, the filters were placed in the culturing media.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Chi-square and t-test were used for the statistical analysis.

Results:

NTM were detected in 20 (16.6%) samples. Nine of them (45%) were Mycobacterium fortuitum, three (15%) were Mycobacterium gordonae, three (15%) were Mycobacterium szulgai, two (10%) were Mycobacterium lentiflavum, two (10%) were Mycobacterium chelonae, and one (5%) was Mycobacterium peregrinum.

Conclusions:

These environmental bacteria can cause serious illnesses in both immunocompetent and especially immunocompromised individuals. For the correct treatment of these patients, it is important to determine NTM in clinical samples. Surveillance is necessary to know the source of NTM infection, to identify and type the strains, and to establish effective control measures such as disinfection, maintenance, and modernization of water systems.
Description of Wylie-Stanley Agar for the Recovery of Mycobacterium abscessus
Authors: Moore John Edmund , Murphy Alan , Millar Beverley Cherie
Published: September 2024

Background:

The microbiology of cystic fibrosis (CF) is complicated by the presence of several species, including Mycobacterium abscessus, which are highly resistant to antibiotics. Conventional selective bacteriological methods employ antibiotics which favor the growth of one bacterial component over others in a mixed population. For in vitro studies examining multiple species, for example, in dual biofilm models, it is difficult to successfully separate M. abscessus from nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) species. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to develop a selective agar medium that was able to isolate M. abscessus from a pool of other highly-resistant Gram-negative organisms, which would be useful to microbiologists performing co-culture experiments and which require re-isolation of the NTM organism.

Methods:

Wylie-Stanley agar (WSA) was developed consisting of glucose, 16 g/l; yeast extract, 30 g/l; peptone, 6.8 g/l; and agar, 20 g/l along with selective supplements including chloramphenicol, 50 mg/l; ceftazidime, 32 mg/l; colistin, 24 mg/l; trimethoprim, 21.3 mg/l; sulfamethoxazole, 106.7 mg/l; and novobiocin, 50 mg/l. This medium was (i) challenged with 10 non-NTM species (27 isolates) of common Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms associated with CF and (ii) compared to Columbia Blood Agar and Middlebrook 7H10 Agar for the isolation of M. abscessus organisms from mixed cultures of NTM organisms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

Results:

This medium was highly specific for the growth of M. abscessus organisms and grew all NTM organisms. WSA medium did not allow the growth of any of the non-NTM species. When mixed cultures of M. abscessus species and P. aeruginosa and S. maltophilia were inoculated onto WSA medium, only the NTM organism could be grown successfully, highlighting the specificity of this medium. In contrast, both Columbia Blood Agar and Middlebrook 7H10 Agar allowed the growth of both NTM and non-NTM organisms.

Conclusion:

While the specificity was high, the sensitivity of WSA was low, and therefore, we do not advocate employment of WSA medium for the primary isolation of M. abscessus organisms from CF sputum, rather for the purposes of separating M. abscessus populations of organisms from other highly-resistant organisms, including P. aeruginosa and S. maltophilia, which would be useful to microbiologists performing co-culture experiments and which require re-isolation of the pure M. abscessus organism.
Epidemiological study of patients with cleft lip and palate at Specialized National Hospital in Venezuela
Authors: Moleiro Katherine , Cordsen Hans , Manresa Carlos , Garcia Olaisa , Ferrer Javianna Castellanos , Guevara Henry Garcia , Viamonte Maria Daniela
Published: September 2024

Aims:

The aims of the study are to describe the epidemiological characteristics of the patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) treated at Specialized National Hospital in Venezuela.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective, epidemiological, and cross-sectional study. Sample involved medical records from patients with diagnosis of any CLP treated from 2011 to 2021. The variables analyzed were age, gender, origin, anatomical structures involved, syndromes, other associated conditions, and sequelae, which were collected and analyzed. A descriptive analysis of each variable was carried out.

Results:

Data from 641 patients were analyzed, with an average age of 1 year old (±3 months–9 years of age), showing an equitable distribution in relation to gender. Of the facial clefts, the most common was the complete bilateral alveolar cleft (16.2%), followed by the complete left cleft lip (10.5%). The study yielded few cases of patients with some syndrome or associated condition (3.7% for each one, respectively). Geographically, there was a distribution of cases in all the states of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, with the largest number of cases being in the capital region.

Conclusions:

It was observed that the prevalence of CLP has increased in recent years; these epidemiological figures vary by region, age, and gender. However, greater knowledge from health professionals is necessary to understand the clinical and epidemiological aspects of the orofacial cleft, which is essential to improve the understanding of the pathogenesis, promote preventive strategies, and guide multidisciplinary clinical care.
Ayurvedic management of infantile atopic dermatitis: A case report
Authors: Keshava B. Prasanna , Bhat U. Ajay
Published: September 2024

From the Ayurvedic perspective, the clinical presentation of atopic dermatitis (AD) can correlate to Vata-Kapha Pradhana Kushta. We present the case of a 1-year-old male child who presented to the outpatient department with symptoms of dryness of the skin and maculopapular rashes associated with itching over the chest, abdomen, and cheeks, persisting for the last 6 to 8 months. Applying calamine lotion and betamethasone valerate cream for 3 months provided temporary relief. Regular usage of the topical medicines resulted in altered pigmentation. Parents of the child sought out Ayurvedic treatment due to the limited efficacy of previous treatments and the recurrent nature of the symptoms. As per Ayurveda, the case was diagnosed as Vata-Kapha Pradhana Kushta. The interventions used for the management include the internal administration of Mahatikthaka Gritha to the mother and child, Gopichandanadi Gulika (tablet) taken orally by powdering and mixing with honey, and Eladi Keram (oil) for local application. There was a considerable reduction in the disease symptoms in the first 3 months; symptoms were completely relieved after 6 months, and there was no recurrence. The results of this case study indicate that Ayurvedic interventions can manage infantile atopic dermatitis and have the potential to prevent or reduce the possibility of recurrence.
Scope of Ayurveda treatment in Myopia: A systematic review of current trends
Authors: Dagar Satyavati , Fiaz Shamsa , Hanifa Nasreen
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Though myopia is an ophthalmic refractive error disease that is commonly managed with refractive glasses and advanced surgeries, it still remains a refractive condition of great concern. Patients often resort to alternate methods to rectify or manage myopia and prevention of its progression. Ayurveda refers to myopia as Timira (errors of refraction), characterized by disturbances in vision; hence, it is considered to be a part of Drishtigata Rogas (eyesight disorders). According to the Ayurvedic perspective, myopia is primarily a result of vitiated Doshas, particularly the imbalance of the Vata Dosha, which impairs the eye muscles and lens, resulting in the inability to focus on distant objects.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This review adhered to the 2020 PRISMA guidelines and involved a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and UGC-CARE-listed Ayurveda journals from January 2000 to September 2023. The focus was on randomized controlled trials examining Ayurvedic interventions, including topical and oral therapies, for managing myopia or Timira. The search aimed to identify all relevant studies published within the specified timeframe. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) was utilized to evaluate the risk of bias.

RESULTS:

A total of six publications in credible journals were found and analyzed, which revealed that practices such as Netra Tarpana (retaining of medicated ghee over the eye), Nasya (medication through the nasal route), Anjana (collyrium), use of Triphala, Ayurvedic formulations, yoga, and specific eye exercises can enhance the strength of ocular muscles, promote better nourishment of ocular tissues, and foster overall eye health.

CONCLUSION:

By implementing prophylactic measures, followed by therapeutic and systemic therapies, myopia can be controlled with a multidimensional approach, but due to limited sources of evidence, the certainty can only be proven after extensive clinical trials.
Naso-mucociliary Clearance Time among Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Ilorin, North-central Nigeria
Authors: Afolabi Olushola Abdulrahman , Segun-Busari Segun , Omokanye Habeeb Kayodele , Jimoh Muritala , Iheagwu Iheayi O. , Omotosho Wasiu , Idris Saad O. , Uche-Okonkwo Kenechukwu , Alabi Biodun Sulyman , Dunmade Adekunle David , Ologe Foluwasayo E.
Published: September 2024

Context:

The mucociliary clearance system is an important component in the prevention of chronic inflammation of the nasal and paranasal sinus.

Aim:

The study aims to establish the normal values of mucociliary clearance in our region and to study the variation in mucociliary activity in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis in Ilorin, North-central Nigeria.

Settings and Design:

This was a prospective, cross-sectional study using consecutive consenting participants in both the control and study groups carried out at both family medicine and otorhinolaryngology clinics among patients attending the clinics.

Subjects and Methods:

After ethical approval was sought, informed consent was obtained from patients, a modified version of the validated health questionnaire was filled, semi-structured questionnaires were also filled after which patient undergo anterior rhinoscopy, nasal patency test and spirometry was done. The saccharine test has been used to measure nasal-mucociliary clearance time in the past.

Statistical Analysis:

All information were entered into SPSS version 20 and analysed descriptively, and results were presented in tables and figures.

Results:

Consecutive consenting 125 patients with rhinosinusitis (study group) and those without rhinosinusitis (control group) underwent naso-mucociliary clearance test. There were 34 males and 91 females with a male:female ratio of 1:2.6 among the study group and 55 males and 70 females with a male:female ratio of 1:1.3 for the control group. The age range was from 18 to 68 years with 18–40 years constituting the modal age group. The mean age for the studied group was 35.7 years while that of the control group was 33.1 years. The mean naso-mucociliary clearance time among the study group was 35.1 min standard deviation (SD = 12.32 ± 1.63), while among the control group, it was 14.8 min (SD = 5.59 ± 0.43).

Conclusion:

Compared to the control group, there was a roughly 200% prolonged increase in the duration of naso-mucociliary clearance time among patients with rhinosinusitis. There was also a positive correlation with increasing age. Future studies comparing the pre-operative and post-operative treatment of rhinosinusitis will contribute to knowledge.
Endpoint eigenfunction bounds for the Hermite operator
Authors: Jeong Eunhee , Lee Sanghyuk , Ryu Jaehyeon
Published: September 2024

We establish the optimal

L^{p}

,

p= 2(d+3)/(d+1)

, eigenfunction bound for the Hermite operator

\mathcal{H}=-\Delta+|x|^{2}

on

\mathbb{R}^{d}

. Let

\Pi_{\lambda}

denote the projection operator to the vector space spanned by the eigenfunctions of

\mathcal{H}

with eigenvalue

\lambda

. The optimal

L^{2}

–

L^{p}

bounds on 

\Pi_{\lambda}

,

{2\le p\le \infty}

, have been known by the works of Karadzhov and Koch–Tataru except

p= 2(d+3)/(d+1)

. For

d\ge 3

, we prove the optimal bound for the missing endpoint case. Our result is built on a new phenomenon: improvement of the bound due to asymmetric localization near the sphere

\sqrt{\lambda} \mathbb{S}^{d-1}

.
An Efficient and Secure Wireless Controller Area Network for
Autonomous Vehicle
Authors: Ibrahim Qutaiba , Ali Zeina
Published: September 2024

Controller area network (CAN) buses, the most common intravehicle network (IVN)
standard, have been used for over 30 years despite their simple architecture for
connecting electronic control units (ECUs). Weight, maintenance costs, mobility
promotion, and wired connection complexity increase with ECU count, especially
for autonomous vehicles. This paper aims to enhance wired CAN with wireless
features for autonomous vehicles (AVs). The proposed solutions include modifying
the traditional ECU architecture to become wireless, implementing a hidden
communication environment using a unique complementary code keying (CCK)
modulation equation and presenting a strategy for dealing with jamming signals
using two channels. The proposed wireless CAN (WCAN) is validated using OPNET
analysis for performance and reliability. The results show that the bit error
rate (BER) and packet loss of the receiver ECU are stable between different CCK
modifications, indicating the robustness of the basic features of CCK
modification. However, intercepting and decoding the signal by the eavesdropping
ECU is challenging, with packet loss ranging from 63% to 100% across different
CCK states. Anti-jamming results show that when packet loss reaches 2%, the
passive channel is automatically activated, ensuring secure data transmission.
The IEEE 802.11b network accommodated internal and external ECUs and maintained
delay deadline requirements, but the LiDAR ECU requires high bandwidth to
accommodate 13,500 point cloud data every 200 ms. The IEEE 802.11a standard was
chosen, but it did not meet deadline requirements for delay, leading to the
implementation of 100BaseT Fast Ethernet with a data rate of 100 Mbps and
throughput of 500,000 bytes per second.
Virtual Identification of Driver-Specific Characteristics for
Assisted Lateral Control
Authors: Baumann Benjamin , Iatropolous Jannes , Panzer Anna , Henze Roman
Published: September 2024

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have become an integral part of today’s
vehicle development. These systems are designed to provide secondary support to
the driver, but the driver is primarily responsible for the driving task, e.g.,
lane-keeping assist (LKA). The driving setup and testing of these LKA systems is
very time-consuming and usually applied in the car, based on experiences and
subjective evaluation. This results in a cost-intensive calibration of the
system. An objective-based calibration procedure can increase efficiency. For a
targeted calibration of the system, it is necessary to define and identify key
performance indicators (KPIs), which are able to describe the secondary support
in sufficient detail. Usually, subjective feelings are used to derive KPIs. Vice
versa, there are no results on how to design an LKA without any subjective
assessment, before the calibration. With this in mind, this paper is focused on
filling this unknown aspect by using virtual methods to identify driver-specific
KPIs in a free driving scenario. A model sequence feedback control (MSFC) is
used for the LKA. In addition, three different driver types (sporty, normal, and
gentle) are parameterized, and the driving environment is modeled based on a
statistical analysis of rural roads. Based on a design of experiments (DoE), the
inputs of the LKA are varied, and the variation is measured using KPIs. The DoE
output results in KPIs, which allow driver-specific conclusions to be drawn, in
a closed-loop scenario. In addition, principal components (PCs) for the
characteristic parameters were generated, and each type of driver can be
described with sufficient precision with only three PCs. The drivers have 25
distinguishable KPIs in common. These KPIs aren’t vehicle-specific and can be
used at a higher level for the driver-specific closed-loop description and for a
model-based LKA calibration.
NASREDDİN HODJA'S JOKES ABOUT WOMEN
Authors: YAZICI Hasan
Published: September 2024

With the scope of this study, Nasrettin Hodja's jokes on women were selected to understand women with Nasrettin Hodja. Nasrettin Hodja's jokes, one of the universal faces of Turkish culture, are important in terms of literature and the sociology of women. In particular, the social and intellectual foundations of the national and universal dimension of the suggestions that create a perception of women within the framework of the universal dimension of the jokes identified with the Turkish people and intersecting with the realities of humanity should be understood. The social function of Nasrettin Hodja jokes holding the hand of time, the role of social control and culture transmitter, the perception of women that can affect our reflexes with the approach formed by the belief, emotion, thought, and perspective on which it is based should be understood. The translation was intended to contribute to Nasrettin Hodja's international recognition from a certain perspective with a woman's understanding and approach. Out of 371 Nasreddin Hodja jokes, 70 of them related in some way to women were translated from Turkish to English. Alpay Kabacalı’s book All Aspects of Nasreddin Hodja's Life, Personality and Jokes was preferred in the translation. Having the ability to represent the quality of humor of Nasreddin Hodja was taken as a criterion in the preference. The work is theoretical. A literature review was conducted. A quantitive, descriptive method was applied. Keywords: Nasrettin Hodja, joke, woman
ANALISIS ANALISIS KADAR INTERLEUKIN 6 (IL-6) PADA PASIEN HEPATITIS B DI KLINIK UTAMA MATA JEC ORBITA MAKASSAR
Authors: Darmo Kasmuddin , Dekayana Arlitha , Judmainnah Judmainnah , Fadlila RN Risky Nurul , Aznawi Amira
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Hepatitis B is an inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus. When inflammation occurs, cytokines in the body will respond or recognize the type of pathogen in the form of a virus that enters the body and Interleukin 6 (IL 6) is a cytokine secreted from tissues. body during acute or chronic infection. Interleukin 6 (IL- 6) is a proinflammatory cytokine. The purpose of this study was to analyze the levels of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) in hepatitis B patients using a descriptive analytic method. The samples used were serum samples in Hepatitis B patients as many as 20 patients who were adjusted to the inclusion and exclusion criteria using the ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method. The results of this study obtained that the highest interleukin 6 level was 153.67 pg/mL and the lowest interleukin 6 level was 1.37 pg/mL. Hepatitis B patients with normal interleukin 6 levels were 12 patients with a percentage of 60%, while those with high interleukin 6 levels were 8 patients with a percentage of 40%. Interleukin 6 does not cause hepatitis B but interleukin 6 and hepatitis B are related. Increased levels of interleukin 6 can be used as an indicator to predict the risk of acute hepatitis B.
Keywords: Hepatitis B, Indicator, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), ELISA
 
ABSTRAK
Hepatitis B adalah peradangan pada organ hati yang disebabkan oleh virus hepatitis B. Pada saat terjadi inflamasi, sitokin yang ada dalam tubuh akan merespon atau mengenali jenis patogen berupa virus yang masuk ke dalam tubuh dan Interleukin 6 (IL 6) adalah sitokin yang disekresikan dari jaringan tubuh ketika terjadi infeksi akut atau kronik. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) merupakan sitokin proinflamasi. Tujuan dari penetilian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kadar Interleukin 6 (IL-6) pada pasien hepatitis B dengan metode deskriptif analitik. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu sampel serum pada pasien Hepatitis B sebanyak 20 pasien yang disesuaikan dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi dengan menggunakan metode ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh kadar interleukin 6 tertinggi yaitu sebanyak 153.67 pg/mL dan kadar interleukin 6 terendah yaitu sebanyak 1.37 pg/mL. Pasien Hepatitis B dengan kadar interleukin 6 normal sebanyak 12 pasien dengan persentasi sebanyak 60%, sedangkan dengan kadar interleukin 6 tinggi sebanyak 8 pasien dengan persentasi 40%. Interleukin 6 bukan penyebab hepatitis B tetapi interleukin 6 dan hepatitis B merupakan sesuatu yang berhubungan. Meningkatnya kadar interleukin 6 bisa dijadikan indikator untuk memprediksi resiko hepatitis B akut.
Kata Kunci : Hepatitis B, Indikator, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), ELISA
UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN KEDONDONG (Spondias dulcis L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Umar Ani , Jumiati Jumiati , Yuniar Viranda
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Different chemical compounds in various plants such as leaves. One of an alternative vegetable material that has the potential to have activity as antifungi is a leaf of kedondong. The leaves have saponin compounds, alkaloids and tannins. This study aims to determine the inhibitor power of leaves kedondong (Spondias dulcis L.) to Aspergillus flavus and to determine the concentration of leaf extract kedondong (Spondias dulcis L.) which effectively inhibits the growth of Aspergillus flavus fungus. Types of research is experiments with the extract of the given kedondong leaf treatment as an inhibitory test againts Aspergillus flavus growth. Kedondong leaf extract obtained by maseration method for 5 days and this research uses Kirby bauer method (diffusion disk). The results showed that there is no clear zone around the disc paper indicating the extract of the kedondong leaf can not be inhibits the growth of Aspergillus flavus with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%.   
Keywords : Inhibition Zones, Kedondong Leaves, Aspergillus flavus.
 
ABSTRAK
Pertumbuhan jamur Aspergillus flavus dapat dihambat oleh kandungan senyawa kimia yang beragam pada berbagai tumbuhan seperti daun. Salah satu alternatif bahan nabati yang berpotensi mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antifungi adalah daun kedondong. Daun tersebut memiliki senyawa saponin, alkaloid dan tannin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat daun kedondong (Spondias dulcis L.) terhadap jamur Aspergillus flavus dan untuk menentukan konsentrasi ekstrak daun kedondong (Spondias dulcis L.) yang efektif menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Aspergillus flavus. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah eksperimen dengan ekstrak daun kedondong diberikan perlakuan sebagai uji daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan Aspergillus flavus. Ekstrak daun kedondong diperoleh dengan metode maserasi selama 5 hari dan penelitian ini menggunakan metode Kirby bauer (difusi disk). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat zona bening disekitar paper disk yang menandakan ekstrak daun kedondong tidak dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Aspergillus flavus dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 15%.
Kata kunci : Zona Hambat, Daun Kedondong, Aspergillus flavus
GAMBARAN KADAR HEMATOKRIT PADA PASIEN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI RUMAH SAKIT DAERAH MANGUSADA, BADUNG, BALI
Authors: Sarihati I Gusti Agung Dewi , Purwani Ruth Grace Monica , Bekti Heri Setiyo , Rinawati Luh Putu
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Dengue Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) often causes plasma leakage which results in hemoconcentration which is characterized by increased hematocrit levels. The aim of this research is to determine the description of hematocrit levels in dengue fever patients using descriptive research methods. Data was taken by examining the hematocrit levels of inpatients in the Mangusada Regional Hospital laboratory. The sampling technique used was a saturated sampling technique and a sample size of 52 patients was obtained. The results showed that dengue fever patients had low hematocrit levels of 13.5%, normal 82.7% and high 3.8%. From these data it can be concluded that the majority of dengue fever patients have normal hematocrit levels.
Key words: hematocrit, Dengue hemorrhagic fever 
ABSTRAK
Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) sering menimbulkan kebocoran plasma yang mengakibatkan terjadinya hemokonsentrasi yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya  kadar hematokrit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar hematokrit pada pasien DBD dengan menggunakan metode  penelitian deskriptif.  Data diambil dengan cara pemeriksaan kadar hematokrit pasien rawat inap di laboratorium Rumah Sakit Daerah Mangusada.  Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah teknik sampling jenuh  dan didapatkan jumlah sampel sebanyak 52 pasien.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa pasien  DBD yang memiliki kadar hematokrit rendah 13,5%, normal 82,7% dan tinggi  3,8 %. Dari data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa mayoritas pasien DBD memiliki kadar hematokrit normal.   
Kata kunci: hematokrit, demam berdarah dengue
UJI EKSTRAK BIJI BUAH PINANG (Areca catechu L) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PEWARNAAN TELUR NEMATODA USUS SOIL TRANSMITED HELMINTH
Authors: Muhammad Sultanaulya , Setiawan Muhmammad Azdar , Balaka Kemal Idris , Astuti Ayu
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Worm infection or can be called worm disease, including infection problems called parasitic infections. Soil transmited helmits are intestinal worms that in their life cycle to reach the infective stage require soil. Eosin 2% is a dye used in examination of intestinal nematode worm eggs. Areca  (Areca catechu L) which is a natural and acidic plant material contains phobapheen compounds which have natural red wine color. This research was conducted in an Experiment with Variations in the concentration of betel nut extract and aqudest ( 1%, 2%, 3%) using the direct method using eosin 2%.The results showed that the most stable and optimal concentration of betel nut extract 3% for coloring intestinal nematode worm eggs as an alternative to eosin dye 2%, was examined with different time variations. It can be said that the time variation in the examination of the sample does not affect the results of coloring using 1%, 2% and 3% betel nut seed extract.
Keywords: Worms, Intestinal Nematodes, Eosin, Areca Nut
ABSTRAK
Infeksi cacingan atau bisa disebut dengan penyakit cacingan termasuk kendala infeksi yang disebut dengan infeksi parasit. Soil transmited helmits adalah cacingan golongan Nematoda Usus  yang dalam siklus hidupnya untuk mencapai stadium infektif memerlukan tanah. Eosin 2% merupakan zat warna yang digunakan pada pemeriksaan telur cacing Nematoda Usus. Buah pinang  (Areca catechu L) yang merupakan bahan tanaman alami dan bersifat asam mengandung senyawa phobapheen yang memiliki zat warna alami yang berwarna merah anggur. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara Eksperimen dengan Variasi kosentrasi  ekstrak biji pinang dan aqudest (1%, 2%, 3%) dengan menggunakan metode langsung dengan menggunakan eosin 2%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa konsentrasi  ekstrak biji pinang 3% yang paling stabil dan optimal untuk mewarnai telur cacing nematoda usus sebagai alternatif pengganti pewarna eosin 2%, pada pemeriksaan dilakukan dengan variasi waktu berbeda. Hal ini dapat dikatakan bahwa variasi waktu pada pemeriksaan sampel tidak mempengaruhi hasil pewarnaan menggunakan ekstrak biji buah pinang 1%, 2% dan 3%.
Kata Kunci :Cacingan,Nematoda usus, Eosin, Buah Pinang.
Caractérisation des Propriétés Mécaniques et Thermiques de matériaux à base de Ciment, de Typha Domingénis et d’Argile
Authors:   Laboratoire d’Électronique, Informatique, Télécommunication et Énergie Renouvelables (LEITER), Adama Gassama , Babacar Diouf , Elhadji Babacar Ly , Moise Manga , Diène Ndiaye ,   Département Physique appliquée, UFR SAT – UGB, BP 234 Saint-Louis,   Département Génie Civil, IPSL – UGB, BP 234 Saint-Louis,   Institut d’Innovation en EcoMatériaux, et EcoEnergies à base de Biomass (I2E3) – UQTR 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières (Qc), G8Z 4M3 Canada
Published: September 2024

Depuis plusieurs années, un intérêt croissant pour les matériaux alternatifs dans les bâtiments a commencé à être développé afin d’obtenir des structures à faible impact environnemental et avec des propriétés multifonctionnelles. L’intérêt d’utilisation des matériaux légers est justifié par une prise de conscience environnementale, dans le but de contribuer à la valorisation du matériau argileux du Sénégal. Différentes formulations ont été réalisées dans cette expérimentation afin de développer à partir de la formule du mortier traditionnel, un nouveau matériau de construction composé de 50% Typha Australis, le reste complété d’argile et de ciment à différentes proportions dans le but d’optimiser les propriétés mécaniques et thermiques. Les meilleures propriétés mécaniques et thermiques ont été obtenues lorsque le ciment est majoritaire par rapport à l’argile. A certaines proportions (~ 25%), l’argile avec son indice de plasticité de presque 27% joue le même rôle que le ciment.
Modélisation de la densité d’électrons de la couche D (NmD) de l’ionosphère lors des activités géomagnétiques calmes à la station de Ouagadougou au minimum de phase du C21
Authors:   Laboratoire de Recherche en Energétique et Météorologie de l’Espace (LAREME), Université Norbert ZONGO BP 376 Koudougou, Burkina Faso., NAKOLEMDA Roger , SAWADOGO Gédéon , NANEMA Emmanuel ,   2Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologie (CNRST), Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT), 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Published: September 2024

Le présent travail porte sur la modélisation de la variabilité de la densité électronique (NmD) de l’ionosphère au cours du minimum de phase du cycle solaire 21 à la station de Ouagadougou. La méthodologie du travail adoptée pour la détermination de NmD repose sur le calcul des moyennes horaires mensuels de ces variables obtenues à l’aide du modèle IRI au cours des mois qui caractérisent les saisons. Les résultats obtenus pour le paramètre NmD en fonction du temps au cours du minimum de phase du cycle solaire 21 ont été présentés Les variations saisonnières, l’activité géomagnétique et le temps sont des principaux phénomènes qui sont à l’origine sur les variations du flux solaire incident dans l’atmosphère et qui modifient non seulement le taux de photo ionisation, mais aussi la répartition en altitude et en latitude des constituants atmosphériques. Le modèle IRI nous a permis de décrire l’évolution de la région D au cours du temps et des saisons. Il ressort de cette étude que le paramètre NmD dépend du temps, des saisons et de l’irradiation solaire. Des valeurs maximales de NmD sont obtenues à 12.00TL.
Navigating Nepal’s Economic Growth and Carbon Emissions: Insights into the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)
Authors: Adhikari R. , Niroula B. , Singh S. K.
Published: September 2024

This research aims to employ the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method within the insight into the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) to verify whether EKC exists in the Nepalese economy. In this research, variables were used, such as carbon emissions per capita, GDP per capita, energy use per capita, trade volume, and urbanization from 1980 to 2021, and the ARDL method was used. The data has been taken in this research except trade volume from the World Bank and the Ministry of Finance, Nepal. The data sets are converted into the natural logarithmic form to minimize the problem of heteroskedasticity. The findings provide compelling evidence for the existence of the EKC in Nepal, that economic growth has an inverted U-shaped impact on carbon emissions. In the early stages of development, economic growth leads to rising carbon emissions, but in the later stages, economic growth becomes associated with declining emissions. Besides economic growth, per capita energy consumption and urbanization emerge as significant drivers of carbon emissions. However, the trade volume is not found to be the driving factor of carbon emissions. The findings of this study have significant policy implications for global climate change issues and Nepal’s transition from an underdeveloped to a developing nation. To achieve harmonious economic growth and emissions reduction, donor countries and agencies to partner with Nepal in its ambitious endeavors. This partnership can take shape through multifaceted support as fueling socio-economic progress that aligns with Nepal’s commitment to reduce carbon emissions, ensuring that development and sustainability walk together. This research recommends the government of Nepal electrify the transportation landscape by incentivizing the adoption of electric vehicles, paving the way for cleaner air and a healthier planet, empowering Nepal’s natural guardians by strengthening public and private forest programs, safeguarding invaluable ecosystems and biodiversity and curbing the tide of waste mismanagement through strict regulations and robust enforcement, transforming a potential threat into a source of innovation and resourcefulness. These measures, aligned with sustainable employment generation, can pave the way for a brighter and greener future for Nepal.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Solar, Wind, and Biomass Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems to Meet Electricity Demand of a Small Village in Bihar State of India
Authors: Patil Anant Arun , Arora Rajesh , Arora Ranjana , Sridhara S. N.
Published: September 2024

This study examines the potential use of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (consisting of photovoltaic, wind, bio, and diesel sources) both with and without the inclusion of battery storage in the eastern region of India. An evaluation is conducted to determine the economic viability of several system configurations, and the most efficient system is selected using HOMER software. The investigation focused on six distinct scenarios to meet the energy needs of a village community. The goal was to satisfy a daily load need of 1093.7 kWh, with a peak demand of 153.63 kW. The study examined many factors, such as system efficiency, financial viability, and ecological consequences. The primary aim of the research was to compare the power costs associated with different designs of HRES. Detailed techno-commercial assessments were carried out to examine the energy production, consumption, and financial impacts of each scenario. This research provides valuable insights for individuals and organizations seeking reliable and long-lasting energy solutions by analyzing the potential benefits and drawbacks of implementing HRES in rural areas. An evaluation is conducted to determine the energy contribution of each element within an RES, as well as the influence of HRES on energy expenses and net present value. The findings of this study reveal that the optimized hybrid system comprises 133 kW photovoltaic arrays, a 130-kW wind turbine, a 0.2 kW biogas generator, a 100-kW diesel generator, a 540-kWh battery bank with nominal capacity, and a 58-kW converter. This system has a minimum COE of 0.347$/kWh and NPC of $1.71M. The research offers useful insights for designers, scholars, and policymakers on the existing design constraints and policies of biomass-based hybrid systems.
Combined Application of Biochar and Silicon Fertilizer for Improved Soil Properties and Maize Growth
Authors: Abu Bakar Muhammad Wasil Bin , Uddin M. K. , Kasim Susilawati , Zaibon Syaharudin , Shamsuzzaman S. M. , Haque A. N. A. , Reza A.
Published: September 2024

Biochar can be a good soil amendment to reduce the soil pH, increase crop growth rate, and improve the efficient use of fertilizer. Other than that, silicon fertilizer also would promote photosynthetic ability on plant development that would help to produce high yield. In this work, a series of experiments was conducted to observe the effect of rice husk biochar and silicon fertilizer on the maize growth rate and soil pH. A 45-day pot experiment in the greenhouse with three replicates of 9 experimental treatment combinations of RHB at two rates (5 and 2.5 t.ha-1) with silicon fertilizer at three rates (125%, 100%, 75%), sole biochar (10 t.ha-1), sole silicon fertilizer (100%) and control (NPK) to observe the best rate and combination to improve growth rate and change in soil chemical in acid soil. The result showed that the co-application of sole biochar and biochar with Silicon significantly improved growth development, increased photosynthesis rate, altered soil pH, and reduced Fe concentration compared to control. The plant height increased 88.35% from T4 (5 t.ha-1 RHB + 100% Si) compared to the control and the conductance was higher in T4 (0.53) followed by T8 (0.438) while T1 (0.071) recorded the lowest conductance. The shoot fresh weight was higher in T4 (127.83 g) followed by T8 (57.14 g). However, the weight increased by 343.7% at T4 followed by T8 (2.5 t.ha-1 RHB + 75% Si) at 98.33%. The highest pH increment of 1.24 units (T1 = 5.53, T4 = 6.77) of soil pH was noted from T4 (5 t.ha-1 RHB + 100% Si) compared to control (NPK), and the highest total Fe in soil was observed from T1 (442.30 mg.kg-1). The current study results showed that T4 (50% RHB + 100% Silicon) was the best treatment over the other rates of RHB and silicon increased plant height, photosynthetic rate, and biomass.
Decolorization of Textile Dyes by Extracellular Enzymes Produced from Trametes sanguinea and Perenniporia taephropora Immobilized on Natural Media
Authors: Boonyawanich Siriorn , Pisutpaisal Nipon , Haosagul Saowaluck
Published: September 2024

The color of textile wastewater is still a main problem in wastewater treatment by biological processes. The colored effluents from textile factories usually exceed effluent standards. Therefore, various innovations were developed to treat textile wastewater for decolorization in the effluents. This research aims to decolorize textile wastewater by immobilizing white rot fungi degradation. At first, the 11 fungal stains were tested to find the decolorized efficiency then the high decolorized efficiency fungal stains were immobilized on four material media, namely water hyacinth stalks, coconut husk, corn cob, and loofah. After that, the immobilized fungi were cultivated in the culture media at 30, 60, and 120 C/N ratios, respectively. The results showed that Trametes sanguinea and Perenniporia tephropora were two stains with a high decolorized efficiency of 68.8% and 67.5% respectively, and the decolorized efficiency was increased when immobilized on loofahs and fed with 120 C/N ratio medium. In a comparison of two fungal stains, P. tephropora was found more suitable for the decolorization of textile wastewater than T. sanguinea because T. sanguinea could produce red-orange pigments that induced the colored enhancement in wastewater over time. Finally, immobilized P. tephropora was cultivated in a 120 C/N ratio medium within a 10 L continuous stirred tank reactor (8 L working volume) to investigate the decolorized efficiency, enzymatic activity, and repeated batch. It was found that three repeated cycles were carried out by reusing the immobilized P. tephropora and the highest decolorized efficiency was 63.4%. The enzymatic activity of laccase, manganese peroxidase, and lignin peroxidase was 15.5 U/L, 85.9 U/L, and 0 U/L, respectively
Sewage Treatment by Kolkata’s Natural Wetland System
Authors: Khan I. , Gupta D. Das , Gupta A.
Published: September 2024

The metropolis of Kolkata stands uniquely positioned to implement a natural sewage treatment paradigm through the utilization of waste stabilization ponds, specifically within the East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW). These shallow oxidation ponds harness solar irradiation and algae bacteria symbiotic processes to effectively treat incoming sewage. Concurrently, nutrient-rich effluents are assimilated through fish production, converting available nutrients into protein—a hallmark of nature-based treatment. A portion of raw sewage is used to cultivate a chunk of vegetables before treatment in fish ponds, and the reclaimed water after treatment is used for vegetable and paddy cultivation downstream. This investigation explains the delineation of a sewage flow system to EKW, a Ramsar-designated site. Substantively, it offers quantitative insights into the sewage volumes and quality undergoing treatment. The sewage flow is higher in the winter months (909.07 MLD) compared to the summer months (709.34 MLD). In general, the sewage from the Kolkata city flowing to the EKW is moderately polluted. Extensive scrutiny of sewage from pond inlets and outlets serves as a quantitative metric for evaluating treatment efficacy. EKW efficiently treats the sewage, demonstrating 59.1% Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) removal and a 99.28% reduction in fecal coliform. The natural treatment system excels in removing ammoniacal nitrogen (80.38%) and phosphate (90%). The treated water’s quality along the EKW boundary, culminating at the Kulti Gong River discharge point, was systematically assessed. Analytical findings indicate that all measured concentrations in the treated water adhere to prescribed inland surface water discharge standards prescribed by the Central Pollution Control Board, India, barring a marginal elevation in BOD during winter. Evidently, the EKW system adeptly manages substantial sewage volumes, fostering efficient treatment while concurrently facilitating resource recovery through fish production, yielding economic dividends. Despite its substantial land footprint, preserving this inherently sustainable wastewater management paradigm is imperative.