bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KINETIKA MIKRO DEKOMPOSISI METANA MENJADI KARBON NANOTUBE PADA PERMUKAAN KATALIS Ni-Cu-Al
Authors: Wulan Praswasti Pembangun Dyah Kencana , Purwanto Widodo Wahyu , Muharam Yuswan
Published: November 2017

MICRO KINETICS OF DECOMPOSITION OF METHANE TO CARBON NANOTUBES OVER NI-CU-AL CATALYST. The main focus of this research was to obtain micro kinetics decomposition of methane producing carbon nanotube on the surface of the Ni-Cu-Al catalyst. Experimental kinetics data collected at a temperature range of 650-750oC and pressure of one atmosphere. The preliminary test was conducted to obtain the kinetics are not influenced by external and internal diffusion limitations as well as inter-phase transfer. Kinetics data were tested by micro kinetic model derived from the catalyst surface reaction mechanism. The most appropriate kinetic model becomes the rate-limiting step of methane decomposition reaction. Results of preliminary experiment showed that the kinetics of the external diffusion effect is negligible at flow rates above 150 mL/min. Internal diffusion can be ignored with a catalyst under 0.25 mm in diameter with a weight of 0.04 grams of catalyst and contact time 2.5x10-4. Rate equation analysis shows that the rate-limiting step is the adsorption which indicates that intermediate consumption (CH4I + I Û CH3I + HI) is faster than the formation of intermediate (adsorption of methane, CH4 + I Û CH4I). The activation energy obtained for 34.628 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factor of 6.583x106.  Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah memperoleh kinetika mikro dekomposisi metana yang menghasilkan Carbon Nanotube pada permukaan  katalis Ni-Cu-Al. Data kinetika eksperimen diambil pada rentang temperatur 650-750oC dan tekanan 1 atmosfer. Percobaan pendahuluan dilakukan untuk memperoleh daerah kinetika yang tidak dipengaruhi oleh limitasi difusi eksternal dan internal serta perpindahan antar fasa.  Data kinetika  diuji dengan model kinetika mikro yang diturunkan dari mekanisme reaksi permukaan katalis. Model kinetika yang paling sesuai menjadi tahap pembatas laju reaksi dekomposisi metana. Hasil percobaan pendahuluan kinetika menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh difusi eksternal dapat diabaikan pada laju alir di atas 150 mL/menit. Difusi internal dapat diabaikan dengan menggunakan katalis berdiameter di bawah 0,25 mm dengan berat katalis 0,04 gram pada waktu kontak 2,5x10-4. Analisis persamaan laju menunjukkan bahwa tahap pembatas laju adalah tahap adsorpsi yang menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi intermediate (CH4I + I Û CH3I + HI) lebih cepat dari pembentukan intermediate (adsorpsi metana,CH4 + I Û CH4I). Energi aktivasi yang diperoleh sebesar 34,628 kJ/mol dan faktor pre-eksponensial 6,583x106.
PRODUKSI ANTIBIOTIKA OLEH Bacillus subtilis M10 DALAM MEDIA UREA-SORBITOL
Authors: Supartono Supartono , Wijayati Nanik , Herlina Lina , Ratnaningsih Enny
Published: November 2017

PRODUCTION OF ANTIBIOTICS BY Bacillus subtilis M10 IN UREA-SORBITOL MEDIUM. Infection diseases still become the main health problems that suffered by people in Indonesia. Besides, there were many pathogen bacteria found to be resistant to the some antibiotics. Therefore, the efforts to get a new antibiotic require to be done continuously. A new local strain of Bacillus subtilis BAC4 has been known producing an antibiotic that inhibit Serratia marcescens ATCC 27117 growth. To make efficient the local strain, mutation on Bacillus subtilis BAC4 was done by using acridine orange and a mutant cell of Bacillus subtilis M10 that overproduction for producing antibiotic was obtained. Nevertheless, the production kinetics of antibiotic by this mutant has not been reported. The objective of this research was to study the production kinetics of antibiotic by Bacillus subtilis M10 mutant. The production of antibiotic was conducted using batch fermentation and antibiotic assay was performed with agar absorption method using Serratia marcescens ATCC 27117 as bacteria assay. Research result provided that Bacillus subtilis M10 mutant with overproduction of antibiotic produced an antibiotic since 8th hour’s fermentation and optimum of it production was at 14th hours after inoculation.  Penyakit infeksi masih menjadi masalah yang utama diderita oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Di samping itu, banyak bakteri patogen yang ditemukan resisten terhadap beberapa antibiotika. Oleh karena itu, upaya-upaya untuk mendapatkan antibiotika baru perlu dilakukan secara terus-menerus. Suatu galur lokal baru Bacillus subtilis BAC4 teridentifikasi memproduksi senyawa antibiotika yang menghambat pertumbuhan Serratia marcescens ATCC27117. Untuk memberdayakan galur tersebut, terhadap Bacillus subtilis BAC4 dilakukan mutasi dengan larutan akridin oranye dan diperoleh mutan Bacillus subtilis M10 yang memproduksi antibiotika berlebihan. Namun, kinetika produksi antibiotika oleh Bacillus subtilis M10 belum pernah dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kinetika produksi antibiotika oleh mutan Bacillus subtilis M10. Bacillus subtilis M10 difermentasikan ke dalam media urea-sorbitol dan diamati kemampuan produksi antibiotikanya menggunakan Serratia marcescens ATCC 2711 sebagai bakteri uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mutan Bacillus subtilis M10 memproduksi antibiotika sejak jam ke 8, dan produksi optimumnya terjadi pada jam ke 14 setelah inokulasi.
PENGARUH VISKOSITAS DAN LAJU ALIR TERHADAP HIDRODINAMIKA DAN PERPINDAHAN MASSA DALAM PROSES PRODUKSI ASAM SITRAT DENGAN BIOREAKTOR AIR-LIFT DAN KAPANG Aspergilus Niger
Authors: Haryani Kristinah , Widayat Widayat
Published: November 2017

EFFECT OF VISCOSITY AND FLOW RATE ON THE HYDRODYNAMICS AND MASS TRANSFER ON CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION USING Aspergilus Niger YEAST IN AN AIR-LIFT BIOREACTOR. Citric acid is an important organic acid that has many advantages used in foods, drinks, pharmaceuticals industries. Waste of pine apple (covers and core of the fruit) still have high contents of glucose and sucrose components, that these are potentially used as basic material for making citric acid by means of fermentation using Aspergillus niger. The reactor to do so is a reactor air-lift external loop with 88 cm in height, 45.41 cm2 in riser area, and 2.01 cm2 in downcomer area. This research is intended to study the influence of volumetric flow and viscosity upon mass transfer in the fermentation process of citric. The variable factors are concentration of total sugar (5 to 25%) and of volumetric flow of gas 9.4 to 23.3 cc/second. A dynamic method used to measure of the constants transfer  of gas-fluid mass where oxygen concentration soluted is measured every 30 second using DO meter device. Result of this research shows that the increase of viscosity causes the decrease of hold up gas and fluid circulation speed of the fluid, and the decrease of the constants of mass transfer. The increase of air speed flow will cause the increase of hold up gas and fluid circulation speed, and constants of mass transfer. Relation of the constraints of mass transfer to volumetric flow and viscosity is formulated as follow    Asam sitrat adalah asam organik penting yang sangat banyak kegunaannya seperti untuk industri makanan, minuman, farmasi, dan sebagainya. Limbah nanas (kulit dan bonggol) masih mengandung kadar glukosa dan sukrosa yang cukup tinggi, sehingga sangat potensial sebagai bahan baku pembuatan asam sitrat dengan cara fermentasi bantuan kapang Aspergillus niger. Reaktor yang digunakan adalah reactor air-lift external loop. Reaktor yang digunakan berdimensi tinggi 88 cm, luas daerah riser 46,41 cm2, dan luas daerah downcomer 2,01 cm2. Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh laju alir dan viskositas terhadap proses perpindahan massa dalam proses fermentasi asam sitrat. Variabel berubah adalah konsentrasi gula total (5-25%) dan laju alir gas 9,4-23,3 cc/detik. Metode untuk pengukuran konstanta perpindahan massa gas-cair dengan metode dinamik, dimana konsentrasi oksigen terlarut diukur tiap 30 detik menggunakan alat DO meter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan viskositas mengakibatkan penurunan hold up gas dan laju sirkulasi cairan, juga penurunan konstanta perpindahan massa. Kenaikan laju alir udara akan mengakibatkan kenaikan hold up gas, laju sirkulasi cairan, konstanta perpindahan massa. Hubungan konstanta perpindahan massa terhadap laju alir dan viskositas diperoleh persamaan
TRANSESTERIFICATION OF VEGETABLES OIL USING SUBAND SUPERCRITICAL METHANOL
Authors: Asri Nyoman Puspa , Machmudah Siti , Wahyudiono Wahyudiono , Suprapto Suprapto , Budikarjono Kusno , Roesyadi Achmad , Sasaki Mitsuru , Goto Motonobu
Published: November 2017

A benign process, non catalytic transesterification in sub and supercritical methanol method was usedto prepare biodiesel from vegetables oil. The experiment was carried out in batch type reactor (8.8 mlcapacity, stainless steel, AKICO, JAPAN) by changing the reaction condition such as reactiontemperature (from 210°C in subcritical condition to 290°C in supercritical state with of 20°Cinterval), molar ratio oil to methanol (1:12-1:42) and time of reaction (10-90 min). The fatty acidmethyl esters (FAMEs) content was analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GCFID).Such analysis can be used to determine the biodiesel yield of the transesterification. The resultsshowed that the yield of biodiesel increases gradually with the increasing of reaction time atsubcritical state (210-230oC). However, it was drastically increased at the supercritical state (270-290oC). Similarly, the yield of biodiesel sharply increased with increasing the ratio molar of soy oilmethanolup to 1:24. The maximum yield 86 and 88% were achieved at 290oC, 90 min of reaction timeand molar ratio of oil to methanol 1:24, for soybean oil and palm oil, respectively.Proses transesterifikasi non katalitik dengan metanol sub dan superkritis,merupakan proses yang ramah lingkungan digunakan untuk pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak nabati.Percobaan dilakukan dalam sebuah reaktor batch (kapasitas 8,8 ml, stainless steel, AKICO, JAPAN),dengan variabel kondisi reaksi seperti temperatur reaksi (dari kondisi subkritis 210°C-kondisisuperkritis 290°C dengan interval 20°C), rasio molar minyak-metanol (1:12-1:42) dan waktu reaksi(10-90 menit). Kandungan metil ester asam lemak (FAME) dianalisis dengan kromatografi gasdengan detektor FID (GC-FID). Hasil Analisis tersebut dapat digunakan untuk menentukan yieldbiodiesel dari proses transesterifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yield biodiesel meningkatsecara perlahan dengan meningkatnya waktu reaksi pada keadaan subkritis (210-230oC). Namun,yield biodiesel meningkat secara drastis pada kondisi superkritis (270-290oC). Demikian pula halnyadengan rasio molar minyak kedelai-metanol, dimana hasil biodiesel meningkat tajam denganmeningkatnya rasio molar minyak-metanol hingga 1:24. Yield maksimum dicapai pada 290oC, waktureaksi 90 menit dan rasio molar minyak terhadap metanol 1:24, yaitu sebesar 86% untuk minyakkedelai dan 88% untuk minyak sawit.
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN SIFAT PENYANGGA ALUMINA TERHADAP SIFAT KATALIS HYDROTREATING BERBASIS NIKEL-MOLIBDENUM
Authors: Ulfah Maria , Subagjo Subagjo
Published: November 2017

EFFECT OF ALUMINA SUPPORT PROPERTIES ON THE NICKEL-MOLIBDENUM BASE HYDROTREATING CATALYST. Effect of surface characteristics of three species of synthesized γ-alumina (alumina-1, alumina-2 and alumina-3) on characteristics NiMo catalysts has been studied. Those aluminas are derived from boehmite Catapal B by varying rasio mol nitric acid to boehmite. A sol-gel method is used to synthesize γ-Al2O3 support. The Nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) of H2, Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) of NH3, and mechanical strength are used to characterize the supports and catalysts. The results showed that the surface area alumina affects the formation of crystalline MoO3 in the NiMo catalyst, while γ-Al2O3-3 support which has the highest surface area (about 195 m2/g) compared to the other two types of alumina (>195 m2/g) does not have a crystalline MoO3. The formation of crystalline MoO3 is not influenced by the acidity alumina. Based on the results of XRD, it is  indicated that the supported alumina-3 NiMo catalyst (having the highest acid strength) shows that there is no presence of crystalline MoO3. Pore size distribution of support did not change significantly after the deposition of Ni and Mo oxides. Mechanical strength of support also affects the strength NiMo catalyst. Support alumina-3 which has the highest mechanical strength gives the mechanical strength of the highest NiMo catalyst. Pengaruh sifat penyangga γ-alumina hasil pengembangan (alumina-1, alumina-2 dan alumina-3) pada karakter katalis hydrotreating nikel-molibdenum (NiMo) telah dipelajari. Ketiga jenis γ-alumina diturunkan dari boehmite “Catapal B” dengan menvariasikan nisbah mol asam nitrat terhadap boehmite. Pembuatan γ-alumina menggunakan metoda sol-gel. Adsorpsi Nitrogen, X-ray difraksi (XRD), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) H2, Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) NH3, dan kekuatan mekanik digunakan untuk mengkarakterisasi penyangga dan katalis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa luas permukaan alumina mempengaruhi pembentukan kristalin MoO3 dalam katalis NiMo. Pada penyangga alumina-3 yang memiliki luas permukaan yang paling tinggi (sekitar 195 m2/g) di banding dua jenis alumina lainnya (>195 m2/g) tidak memiliki kristalin MoO3. Pembentukan kristalin MoO3 tidak dipengaruhi oleh sifat keasaman alumina. Berdasarkan hasil XRD ditunjukan bahwa pada katalis NiMo berpenyangga alumina-3 (memiliki kekuatan asam yang paling tinggi) tidak terdapat adanya kristalin MoO3. Distribusi ukuran pori peyangga tidak berubah signifikan setelah deposisi oksida Ni dan Mo. Kekuatan mekanik penyangga mempengaruhi pula kekuatan katalis NiMo. Penyangga γ Al2O3-3 yang memiliki kekuatan mekanik yang paling tinggi memberikan kekuatan mekanik katalis NiMo yang tertinggi.
Optimasi Adsorpsi Ion Mg2+ pada Fixed Bed Column dengan Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Sylvia Novi , Meriatna Meriatna , Hasfita Fikri , Hakim Lukman
Published: November 2017

Abstract OPTIMIZATION ADSORPTION OF Mg2+ ION ON FIXED BED COLUMN USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY. Modeling of the adsorption process is used to establish the mathematical relationship between the interacting process variables and process optimization. This is important to determine the factor values that produce a maximum response. Adsorption of Mg from groundwater was optimized using response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design was used to analyze adsorption data. The process was investigated by continuous experiments. Variables included in the process were: bed depths (7.5, 10, and 12.5 cm), time (20, 40, and 60 min), and flow rate (6, 10, and 14 L/min). Regression analysis was used to analyze the developed models. The outcome of this research showed that 72.784% of the variability in removal efficiency is attributed to the three process variables considered, that is, bed depths, time, and flow rate. Optimization tests showed that the optimum operating conditions for the adsorption process occurred at a bed depth of 11.37 cm, time of 55.53 min and flow rate of 6 L/min. Keywords: adsorption; Box-Behnken design; magnesium (Mg2+); optimization  AbstrakPemodelan dari proses adsorpsi digunakan untuk menentukan hubungan matematis antara variabel proses interaksi dan proses optimasi. Hal ini penting untuk menentukan nilai faktor yang menghasilkan respon maksimum. Adsorpsi magnesium (Mg2+) dari air tanah dioptimalkan menggunakan metodologi respon permukaan model Desain Box-Behnken yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adsorpsi. Percobaan dilakukan secara kontinyu. Variabel yang termasuk dalam proses tersebut adalah: tinggi unggun (7,5, 10 dan 12,5 cm), waktu kontak (20, 40, dan 60 menit), dan laju alir (6, 10, dan 14 L/menit). Analisis regresi digunakan untuk menganalisis model yang dikembangkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 72,784% efisiensi penyisihan Mg2+ ditentukan oleh tiga variabel proses, yaitu tinggi unggun, waktu kontak, dan laju alir. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan bahwa kondisi operasi optimum untuk proses adsorpsi terjadi pada tinggi unggun 11,37 cm, waktu kontak 55,53 menit dan laju alir 6 L/menit. Kata kunci: adsorpsi; Box-Behnken desain; magnesium (Mg2+); optimasi
SINTESIS GLISEROL KARBONAT DARI GLISEROL DAN UREA MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS RESIN INDION 225 Na
Authors: Adhitasari Alfiana , Sulistyo Hary , Prasetya Agus
Published: November 2017

Abstract KINETIC STUDY OF GLYCEROL CARBONATE SYNTHESIS FROM GLYCEROL AND UREA USING INDION 225 Na AS CATALYST. The using of biodiesel as an alternative energy source that is renewable causes the increasing of glycerol as byproduct of biodiesel production. It makes the selling value of glycerol decreases. Glycerol processing is needed to increase the selling value of glycerol in the market. One of the glycerol derivative is glycerol carbonate. Glycerol carbonate is used as adhesives, solvents, inks, surfactants, and lubricants. This research was carried out by reacting glycerol and urea in a batch reactor using Indion 225 Na as catalyst. The purpose of this study was to determine the best conditions of synthesis of glycerol carbonate. The results showed that the obtained optimum conversion of glycerol was 48.43% with ratereaction is 0.1296 hr-1 and the ativation energy is 17.0628 kJ/mol.K with frequency factor is 19.4199 hr-1 in the glycerol:urea ratio of 1:1, the catalyst concentration of 5% and a temperature of 130 0C in 5h of reaction. Kata kunci: glycerol; glycerol carbonate; indion 225 Na; urea   Abstrak Penggunaan biodiesel sebagai alternatif sumber energi yang bersifat renewable mengakibatkan meningkatnya gliserol sebagai hasil samping produksi biodiesel. Peningkatan produksi gliserol berdampak terhadap nilai jual gliserol yang semakin menurun. Pengolahan gliserol perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai jual gliserol di pasaran. Salah satu produk turunan gliserol adalah gliserol karbonat. Gliserol karbonat mempunyai kegunaan sebagai perekat, pelarut, tinta, surfaktan, dan pelumas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mereaksikan gliserol dan urea dalam reaktor batch menggunakan katalis resin Indion 225 Na. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi terbaik sintesis gliserol karbonat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konversi gliserol terbaik yang didapatkan sebesar 48,43% dengan nilai konstanta kecepatan reaksi sebesar 0,1296 jam-1 dan nilai Ea sebesar 17,0628 kJ/mol.K dengan nilai faktor frekuensi sebesar 19,4199 jam-1pada perbandingan gliserol:urea 1:1, konsentrasi katalis 5% dan suhu 1300C selama 5 jam reaksi. Keywords: Gliserol; Gliserol Karbonat; Indion 225 Na ; Urea
A 6-Week Base Strength Training Program for Sprint Acceleration Development and Foundation for Future Progression in Amateur Athletes
Authors: Lockie Robert G.
Published: November 2017

THIS ARTICLE DETAILS A 6-WEEK RESISTANCE TRAINING PROGRAM THAT CAN BE USED TO IMPROVE SPRINT ACCELERATION IN AMATEUR ATHLETES. THIS PROGRAM CAN CONCURRENTLY ENHANCE BASE LOWER-BODY STRENGTH AND 10-M SPEED AND INCORPORATES THE BACK SQUAT, STEP-UP, CABLE HIP FLEXION, AND SMITH MACHINE CALF RAISE. LOADS CAN BE INCREASED FROM APPROXIMATELY 75–90% OF ONE REPETITION-MAXIMUM OVER THE COURSE OF THE PROGRAM. THE EXERCISES ARE DESCRIBED WITH SUPPORTING SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE FOR THEIR USE. ADDITIONALLY, SUGGESTIONS ARE PROVIDED AS TO HOW THE PROGRAM COULD BE MODIFIED AND PROGRESSED WITH DIFFERENT EXERCISES TO FURTHER ENHANCE THE FORCE–VELOCITY PROFILE.
ARTESANIA, FELICIDADE, EMPATIA: ASSUNTOS NÃO GEOGRÁFICOS PARA O ESTAGIÁRIO DE GEOGRAFIA CONSTRUIR SUA IDENTIDADE DOCENTE / CRAFT, HAPPINESS, EMPATHY: NON-GEOGRAPHIC TOPICS FOR PRESERVICE GEOGRAPHY TEACHERS TO BUILD THEIR TEACHER IDENTITY
Authors: Kaercher Nestor André , Tonini Ivaine Maria
Published: November 2017

O texto sugere discutir o que causa felicidade e sofrimento - em nós, nos alunos, na sociedade - como temas da Geografia, seja nos cursos de Graduação, seja nas aulas da Educação Básica. A partir de trechos de relatórios de Estagiários de Licenciatura propõe o estagiário como um artesão reflexivo; aquele que constrói, enquanto pratica seu ofício, sua nova identidade, a de professor. Tal processo de descoberta de si requer uma virada epistemológica, pois implica a mudança da condição de aluno de Graduação para a condição de professor. Novos papéis, novas atitudes que requerem a escuta atenta aos nossos alunos, em um conflito salutar entre tradição e rebeldia. Os autores propõem uma militância pelo recolhimento, as vezes em detrimento da militância ‘crítica’ que, aprioristicamente engajada, corre o risco de dogmatismo. Conciliar a postura de mestre que orienta, que professa com a do mestre iconoclasta. Deseja propor a formação do pensamento alargado na busca necessária, mas traiçoeira, da realidade. Valendo-se de textos literários declara a importância capital da literatura, entre tantas artes possíveis, como uma parceira para conciliar razão e emoção, produzir interrogações, ressaltar o belo e propor espantos.ABSTRACTThe text suggests a discussion about what causes happiness and suffering - in ourselves, in students, in society - as topics of Geography, whether in school or university settings. From writting of teachers in formation, we propose the teacher as a reflective craftsman; That one who builds, while practicing, his or her work, his or her new identity, that of teacher. This process of self-discovery requires an epistemological turn, because it requires changing in condition from undergraduate student to teacher. New roles, new attitudes that require attentive listening to our students, in a healthy contest between tradition and rebellion. The authors propose a militancy for the recollection, sometimes in detriment of the 'critic' militancy that, aprioristically engaged, runs the risk of dogmatism. Reconciling the position of the master who guides, who professes with that of the iconoclastic master. We propose the formation of broad mind to necessary but treacherous search for reality. Drawing on literary writings, we declare the capital importance of literature, in addition to so many other arts, as partner to reconcile reason and emotion, to produce questions, to emphasize the beautiful, and to propose astonishment.Keywords: Teacher identity; Preservice geography teachers; Militancy; Broad mind.
INSERÇÃO DA PESQUISA NA PRÁTICA DE ENSINO DA GEOGRAFIA: EXPERIÊNCIAS COM A LEITURA DAS MANIFESTAÇÕES CULTURAIS / INSERTION OF RESEARCH IN THE PRACTICE OF GEOGRAPHY TEACHING: EXPERIENCES WITH THE READING OF CULTURAL MANIFESTATIONS
Authors: Menezes Sônia De Souza Mendonça
Published: November 2017

O enfoque cultural que busca explorar a dimensão espacial da cultura na ciência geográfica e, consequentemente, no ensino de Geografia, tem se revelado como uma possibilidade pertinente e reveladora de novas compreensões acerca da análise do espaço geográfico, sobretudo, quando aliada aos projetos de pesquisa. Constatamos, nas escolas da educação básica, a ausência de metodologias que aliem o ensino à pesquisa e, além disso, o predomínio do ensino pautado na repetição de conteúdos. Isso, além de tornar o ensino pouco atraente para o aluno, compromete o desenvolvimento do seu senso crítico. Diante desse retrato, faz-se necessário integrar os conteúdos das disciplinas em situações práticas que coloquem problemas e possibilitem aos alunos experimentar situações, com a ajuda da teoria. Isso significa inserir a prática, ao longo dos anos no ensino básico, como referente direto para capacitar o aluno a contrastar seus estudos e formar seus próprios conhecimentos e convicções. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas aliando pesquisa ensino para facilitar a leitura e a compreensão de conteúdos geográficos na educação básica.ABSTRACTThe cultural approach that seeks to explore the spatial dimension of culture in geographic science and, consequently, in the teaching of geography, has been revealed as a relevant and revealing possibility of new understandings about the analysis of geographic space, especially, when allied to research projects. We verified, in the schools of basic education, the absence of methodologies that link teaching to research and, in addition, the predominance of teaching based on the repetition of contents. This, in addition to making teaching unattractive to the student, compromises the development of his critical sense. Faced with this portrait, it is necessary to integrate the contents of the disciplines into practical situations that pose problems and enable students to experience situations with the help of theory. This means inserting the practice, over the years in basic education, as a direct reference to enable the student to contrast his studies and to form his own knowledge and convictions. The purpose of this article is to present pedagogical practices developed combining teaching research to facilitate the reading and understanding of geographic contents in basic education.Keywords: Cultural Geography; Pedagogical practices; Geography Teaching.
Neke poveznice psihološkog i filozofskog savjetovanja
Authors: Jerolimov Melita
Published: November 2017

Pregledni rad usporedbe psihološkog i filozofskog savjetovanja iz perspektive psihologa pruža uvid u njihove osnove, temeljne povijesno-teorijske paradigme i primjene. Polazište je u oprečnim postavkama, s jedne strane ovi modaliteti savjetovanja su komplementarni i međusobno nadopunjujuće metode pomaganja (Achenbach, Lahav) a s druge strane radi se o različitim savjetovanjima s različitim ciljnim skupinama korisnika (Marinoff). U drugom dijelu istaknuta je važnost etike i njena primjenjivost u savjetovanju. Kako je u posljednjih četrdesetak godina u području savjetovanja prisutan trend integrativnog-eklektičkog pristupa, filozofsko savjetovanje može ga samo obogatiti.
Moj avatar i ja: doživljaj iskustava iz online-okruženja iz perspektive igrača/ica online-igara
Authors: Kardum Tanja
Published: November 2017

Ovaj rad prikazuje iskustvo igranja masovne višekorisničke online-igre League of Legends ili World of Warcraft iz perspektive igrača/ica. U radu je pojašnjeno što su masovne višekorisničke online-igre, te je ukratko prikazan njihov nastanak i razvoj. Nakon teorijskog dijela, u empirijskom se dijelu, korištenjem metode polustrukturiranog intervjua, iznose iskustva igrača/ica. U prvom dijelu rada igrači/ice opisuju online-igru koju igraju te svoje iskustvo igranja, u drugom dijelu se ispituje kako igrači/ice poimaju online i offline-okruženje, kako opisuju svoje samopredstavljanje i svoje mjesto unutar ta dva okruženja, dok se treći dio usmjerio na istraživanje načina na koji igrači/ice uspostavljaju interakciju u online-okruženju te kako je opisuju i tumače. Rezultati istraživanja se zbog malog broja sugovornika/ica ne mogu generalizirati ali je unatoč tomu istraživanje ukazalo na kompleksnost i slojevitost svijeta višekorisničkih online-igara kao i na nemogućnost odvojenog promatranja online od offline-okruženja. Ovim radom su se otvorila brojna pitanja koja je nužno istražiti kako bismo mogli razumjeti i pojasniti svijet višekorisničkih online-igara.
Too Much, Too Soon: Early Learning and the Erosion of Childhood
Authors: Palić Bernarda
Published: November 2017

Too Much, Too Soon: Early Learning and the Erosion of ChildhoodHouse , Richard (ur.)Gloucestershire: Hawthorn Press, 2001., 376 str.Ova monografija donosi radove sveukupno 22 autora i autorica koji se bave tematikom ranog odgoja i obrazovanja u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu, poglavito promjenama koje su uslijedile nakon donošenja zakonski obvezujućeg okvira za djelovanje unutar ranog odgoja i obrazovanja: Early Years Foundation Stage (nadalje u tekstu EYFS). Sam naslov: Previše i prerano: Rano učenje i raspadanje djetinjstva, upućuje na kritičko promišljanje ranog razvoja djeteta i posljedice koje može imati pretjerana intelektualizacija ranog djetinjstva s ciljem što ranijeg opismenjavanja i pripremanja djeteta za ispunjavanje isključivo kognitivnih obrazovnih postignuća.
Moving Speciation Genetics Forward: Modern Techniques Build on Foundational Studies in Drosophila
Authors: Castillo Dean M , Barbash Daniel A
Published: November 2017

The question of how new species evolve has been examined at every level, from macroevolutionary patterns of diversification to molecular population genetic analyses of specific genomic regions between species pairs. Drosophila has been at the center of many of these research efforts. Though our understanding of the speciation process has grown considerably over the past few decades, very few genes have been identified that contribute to barriers to reproduction. The development of advanced molecular genetic and genomic methods provides promising avenues for the rapid discovery of more genes that contribute to speciation, particularly those involving prezygotic isolation. The continued expansion of tools and resources, especially for species other than Drosophila melanogaster, will be most effective when coupled with comparative approaches that reveal the genetic basis of reproductive isolation across a range of divergence times. Future research programs in Drosophila have high potential to answer long-standing questions in speciation. These include identifying the selective forces that contribute to divergence between populations and the genetic basis of traits that cause reproductive isolation. The latter can be expanded upon to understand how the genetic basis of reproductive isolation changes over time and whether certain pathways and genes are more commonly involved.
The Evolution of Gene-Specific Transcriptional Noise Is Driven by Selection at the Pathway Level
Authors: Barroso Gustavo Valadares , Puzovic Natasa , Dutheil Julien Y
Published: November 2017

Gene expression is a noisy process: in constant environment and genotype, cell to cell variability occurs because of randomness of biochemical reactions...

Biochemical reactions within individual cells result from the interactions of molecules, typically in small numbers. Consequently, the inherent stochasticity of binding and diffusion processes generates noise along the cascade that leads to the synthesis of a protein from its encoding gene. As a result, isogenic cell populations display phenotypic variability even in homogeneous environments. The extent and consequences of this stochastic gene expression have only recently been assessed on a genome-wide scale, owing, in particular, to the advent of single-cell transcriptomics. However, the evolutionary forces shaping this stochasticity have yet to be unraveled. Here, we take advantage of two recently published data sets for the single-cell transcriptome of the domestic mouse Mus musculus to characterize the effect of natural selection on gene-specific transcriptional stochasticity. We show that noise levels in the mRNA distributions (also known as transcriptional noise) significantly correlate with three-dimensional nuclear domain organization, evolutionary constraints on the encoded protein, and gene age. However, the position of the encoded protein in a biological pathway is the main factor that explains observed levels of transcriptional noise, in agreement with models of noise propagation within gene networks. Because transcriptional noise is under widespread selection, we argue that it constitutes an important component of the phenotype and that variance of expression is a potential target of adaptation. Stochastic gene expression should therefore be considered together with the mean expression level in functional and evolutionary studies of gene expression.
THE RELEVANCE OF REMITTANCES IN FOSTERING ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE WEST BALKAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Topxhiu Rahmije Mustafa , Krasniqi Florentina Xhelili
Published: November 2017

The remittances of diaspora workers, resulting from international migration, have attracted the attention of academics and policymakers for their role and importance in macroeconomic variables in their countries of origin. The purpose of the paper is to explore the effects of remittances and other variables, such as exports, capital formation, foreign direct investment, and labor force on economic growth in the six former Western Balkan communist countries (Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia). This study utilizes a strongly balanced panel data over the 2005-2015 period for the six Western Balkan countries using the ordinary least squares method (OLS), i.e., the Pooled Regression Model, to evaluate the parameters. According to the regression results, we can conclude that remittances have a positive impact on economic growth in the West Balkan countries, so remittances can foster economic growth in those countries. Also, we find a statistically significant positive relationship between economic growth and other variables included in the model, such as exports, capital formation, and labor. The relationship between economic growth and foreign direct investment has turned out to be statistically insignificant and negatively related.
An Analysis on Turkish Market Entry Opportunities: the Case of Lithuanian Dairy Companies
Authors: Jamontaite Kamile , Ahmedova Saida , Okumus Abdullah , Ozturk Selen
Published: November 2017

In the present research, authors examine Turkish market entry opportunities for three leading dairy companies in Lithuania. This study focuses on evaluating firms’ export performance opportunities and combining them with selected export market potential factors. For this purpose, the case-study method was used through personal interviews with export managers of three leading Lithuanian dairy companies in 2016, conducted in order to determine the factors affecting their Turkish market entry. Using a cross-case analysis, comparisons were made between different companies’ entry opportunities. According to the results, Lithuanian dairy companies can be described as being passive about the Turkish market. Its market protection politics, implemented by the Turkish government, could be named among the main reasons. From the first sight, this fact makes the Turkish market unattractive for European dairy producers. However, the study shows that, after doing some more detailed market research, new potential opportunities can appear.
The Search for Modern Methods for Statistical Quality Control of Services
Authors: Kbiladze David , Metreveli Shorena
Published: November 2017

The countries with developed market economies have vast experience in using the statistical methods in running business. In this respect, the use of Six Sigma techniques and tools to control the output (service) quality is worthwhile. This technique, if introduced in Georgia, can be much beneficial for the businessmen. Different-profile companies use different statistical methods for the output (service) quality control. However, it is the Six Sigma techniques that yield the most pragmatic outputs. This tool enables the different-tier managers to rely not only on their intuition in making managerial decisions but also on the quantitative data obtained through the introduction of 6σ to their companies. The measures to search for the modern methods of introduction and better use of the 6σ concept seek to improve the output (production) quality of different sites of a corporation, while also meeting the changing demands of customer markets and shareholders. In the search of such measures, the authors of the present article attempted to examine the effect of the 6σ set beyond the limits of a corporation and, by considering the public opinion about the corporation, conduct the statistical control of the output (service) offered by the corporation to its clients. The pilot study, accomplished with this purpose by the authors of the article, together with their students, gave quite interesting results.
NIDIFICACIÓN DEL ESCARABAJO COPRÓFAGO Onthophagus curvicornis LATREILLE, 1811 (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) EN CONDICIONES DE LABORATORIO.
Authors: Montes-Rodríguez José Mauricio
Published: November 2017

El escarabajo coprófago Onthophagus curvicornis está ampliamente distribuido en la región andina y es uno de los escarabajos más abundantes en áreas protegidas y ambientes urbanos y semiurbanos del área metropolitana de Medellín. Con el objetivo de caracterizar su patrón de nidificación y la duración de su ciclo de vida, se colectaron individuos en el campus de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín y se confinaron en cámaras de cría de vidrio, las cuales se llenaron con tierra y a los escarabajos se les suministró excremento de vaca en la parte superior; en cada cámara se depositó una pareja del escarabajo. El patrón de nidificación de O. curvicornis es similar a lo reportado para otras especies del mismo género, sin embargo, la cooperación bisexual es mayor. Los escarabajos construyen túneles inclinados o verticales debajo de la fuente de alimento con más de una masa nido por túnel, en la construcción del nido participan tanto la hembra como el macho y alcanzan profundidades de 16,06 +/- 6,27 cm y su ciclo de vida de huevo a adulto dura 55,5 +/- 1,12 días.
SOBRE EL CONTROL EN SISTEMAS DINÁMICOS DE DIMENSIÓN INFINITA EN ESPACIOS DE HILBERT Y DE FRECHÉT
Authors: López-Reyes Nancy
Published: November 2017

Se revisa el Control sobre sistemas dinámicos lineales de dimensión infnita que evolucionan en espacios con propiedades geométrico-algebraicas diferentes. En un caso, sobre espacios de Hilbert, los cuales poseen una rica estructura geométrico-algebraica, muy útil para el tratamiento del control, desde el punto de vista del enfoque dominio-frecuencia y del enfoque espacio-estado. En el otro caso, sobre espacios de Frechét, en particular sobre H(D), cuyas propiedades geométricas implican un tratamiento diferente del Control. Ambos casos se ilustran con sendos ejemplos de aplicaciones interesantes, uno relacionado con Sistemas Integrables y el otro con la conocida Ecuaci on de Loewner.
EVALUACIÓN DEL CONTENIDO DE HIERRO EN LA GUAYABA (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA) Y PIMENTÓN (CAPSICUM ANNUM L) Y SU IMPACTO COMO COMPLEMENTO EN LA DIETA
Authors: Alvarez Ruth , Díaz Pedro , Nava Angel
Published: November 2017

Ingerir alimentos conocidos en Venezuela como guayaba (Psidium guajava) y pimentón (Capsicum annum L.), pueden estimular la fijación de Fe (II); en el organismo, por lo que, evaluar su participación y sinergia en el cuerpo es de suma importancia. La evaluación estuvo basada en una metodología de diseño no experimental, de tipo campo, con nivel descriptivo. Para ello, se trataron entre 30 a 35 g de cada especie, para la guayaba en diferentes disposiciones (trozos: t, jugo: j y residuo: r, para el pimentón (t) y para la mezcla de ambas especies (jugo y residuo). Después de digerir las muestras con HCl 6M a 100° C, se analizaron por espectroscopia de absorción atómica (EAA) y espectroscopia de absorción molecular (UV- visible) (EAM), acomplejando el Fe (II) con o-fenantrolina. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la guayaba presenta mayor concentración de Fe en el orden r>t>j. En el pimentón la concentración de Fe resultó ser mayor en los trozos en comparación con los valores obtenidos en la guayaba (trozos y jugo) y la mezcla de ambos con excepción del residuo de la guayaba y de la mezcla. Los resultados sugieren que la fruta y hortaliza estudiada pueden ser utilizadas como complemento en la dieta alimenticia del ser humano.
EVALUACIÓN DE MÉTODOS PARA ERRADICAR HONGOS ENDÓFITOS DE SEMILLAS DE Brachiaria decumbens Stapf
Authors: Tamayo Diana , Pérez-Naranjo Juan Carlos , Meneses Elizabeth
Published: November 2017

La adaptación de plantas a ambientes extremos puede depender de la asociación con hongos endófitos de raíces. Sin embargo, las demostraciones del papel de esos endófitos en las simbiosis son limitadas si no se experimenta con plantas libres de ellos. Este estudio adaptó y evaluó un sistema de germinación masivo de semillas (SGMS) para probar métodos de desinfección de semillas de Brachiaria. decumbens en estudios con hongos endófitos de raíces. Con este sistema se evaluaron en semillas métodos de desinfección externa (Soluciones de NaOCl al 5% ó Ca(ClO)2 al 7,14%, o calor [60°C] en baño de agua u horno en varios tiempos), e interna (Captan™ y Benomil 50WP (0,1 mg/ml)). El SGMS fue adecuado para el desarrollo de plántulas de B. decumbens ya que en cinco días se obtiene abundante material de trabajo (7 a 10 plántulas). Adicionalmente, los métodos de desinfección externa disminuyeron la actividad microbiológica superficial en semillas, comparardo con el control (agua). Aplicar NaOCl (5%) resultó en mayor germinación y desarrollo de plántulas, pero no fue posible eliminar estructuras internas de hongos de las raíces, lo que sugiere una relación innata planta–endófito en pasto B. decumbens, que impide obtener plantas libres de endófitos. Algunas implicaciones experimentales son presentadas y discutidas a la luz de estos resultados.
DETERMINACIÓN DE DOS ÍNDICES DE LA CALIDAD DEL SUELO EN LA CALIDAD DE LA TAZA DE CAFÉ
Authors: Anaya-Gómez Maria Luisa , Jaramillo Jaramillo Daniel Francisco
Published: November 2017

Se evaluaron algunas propiedades edáficas y foliares en 50 fincas cafeteras de seis municipios de Antioquia. Se determinaron dos índices de la calidad del suelo relacionados con la calidad de la taza de café mediante dos conjuntos de indicadores seleccionados por análisis de componentes principales (MDS1) y análisis de factores (MDS2). El contenido de azufre (S), la actividad enzimática (AE), el índice de Shanoon (ISh), la respirometría (CO2) y los contenidos foliares de N (Nf), Mg (Mgf) y S (Sf) fueron indicadores comunes a los dos índices. Los mejores índices se presentaron en Ciudad Bolívar, finca La Carolina: ICS1 (1,32) e ICS2 (4,32). Los índices más bajos estuvieron en Urrao: ICS1 (finca El Cadillal: 0,82) e ICS2 (fincas El Rosal y El Cadillal: 2,50). El mayor índice general promedio lo presentó el ICS2 (3,19) y el menor el ICS1 (1,05). Se presentaron diferencias significativas en los índices entre ellos y entre núcleos. Se recomienda el uso del ICS2 por ser mayor y requerir menos variables: más económico y fácil de determinar.
Pembelajaran Induktif Pada Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis dan Self-Regulated Learning Siswa
Authors: Wanti Nopia , Juariah Juariah , Farlina Ehda , Kariadinata Rahayu , Sugilar Hamdan
Published: November 2017

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa di SMP Triyasa yang masih perlu dikembangkan dan ditingkatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (a) gambaran proses pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran induktif Taba dan pembelajaran induktif Sharan-Sharma, (b) kemampuan penalaran matematis, (c) self-regulated learning siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran induktif Taba dan pembelajaran induktif Sharan-Sharma. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas VII D, E, dan F SMP Triyasa Bandung yang menggunakan desain Penelitian KuasiEksperimen pada pokok bahasan Segiempat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh: (a) Gambaran proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran melalui gambaran aktivitas siswa dan aktivitas guru berdasarkan pengamatan observer secara umum terlaksana dengan cukup baik; (b) terdapat perbedaan pencapaian kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa antara yang menggunakan model pembelajaran induktif Taba, pembelajaran induktif Sharan-Sharma dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Perbedaan tersebut terdapat antara model pembelajaran induktif Taba dengan pembelajaran konvensional dan antara pembelajaran induktif Sharan-Sharma dengan pembelajaran konvensional. (c) self-regulated learning siswa yang menggunakan model induktif Taba dan induktif Sharan-Sharma menunjukkan sikap negatif.
Sifat Lapangan pada Bilangan Kompleks
Authors: Nuraida Ida
Published: November 2017

Dalam teori gelanggang dibahas sifat-sifat lapangan (field)  pada suatu sistem bilangan. Suatu gelanggang komutatif L disebut lapangan jika untuk setiap a∈L dan a≠0 terdapat a^(-1)∈L, sehingga aa^(-1)=a^(-1) a=1. Diantaranya adalah sifat lapangan pada sistem bilangan kompleks. Bilangan kompleks adalah bilangan yang berbentuk a + bi atau a + ib, a dan b bilangan real dan i^2= –1. Notasi bilangan kompleks dinyatakan dengan huruf C. Dapat dibuktikan bahwa bilangan kompleks memiliki sifat-sifat lapangan yang memenuhi 10 sifat,  yaitu sifat tertutup penjumlahan dan perkalian, komutatif penjumlahan dan perkalian, assosiatif penjumlahan dan perkalian, memiliki identitas penjumlahan dan perkalian, memiliki balikan (invers) penjumlahan dan balikan perkalian.
Technology-Mediated Second Language Vocabulary Development: A Review of Trends in Research Methodology
Authors: Elgort Irina
Published: November 2017

Technology-mediated vocabulary development (TMVD) in a second language (L2) covers a wide range of instructional and learning treatments, contexts and technologies, and is situated in a broader field of second language vocabulary learning. Vocabulary knowledge is a complex, multidimensional construct that has been interpreted and categorized in second language research in many different ways. This review identifies methodological practices in research into L2 TMVD and provides a synthesis of learning and instructional approaches, aspects of vocabulary knowledge being investigated and measures of vocabulary development used in this research. A sample of 82 primary studies from 2010 to 2017 was selected and coded for target methodological features. The results of the review show that TMVD research has achieved a certain degree of methodological maturity, while a number of issues have also been identified. These issues include: the practice of comparing technology-mediated instruction with ‘traditional’ instruction without technology; insufficient reporting of participants’ L2 proficiency; and a dearth of treatments targeting fluency development. The review also showed a preference for evaluating the knowledge of individual vocabulary items rather than the development of the L2 lexicon, and insufficient use of online and implicit measures of vocabulary knowledge. Recommendations for future TMVD research are provided.
HOW DEPRESSION AND SOCIAL MEDIA PREFERENCES AFFECT FINANCIAL INVESTMENT&GAMBLING RISK TAKING BEHAVIOURS
Authors: HAMURCU Çağrı , YALVAC HAMURCU H. Dilek
Published: November 2017

This study mainly examines the relationship between financial investment and gambling risk-taking tendencies and depression. In addition, how financial investment and gambling risk taking attitudes and depression level change with respect to age, gender and social media preferences are also analyzed in this study. DOSPERT Scale with subscales of financial investment and gambling and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) are used for evaluating financial investment&gambling risk-taking tendencies and depression level respectively. According to this study, female chooses the less risky financial tool that is female prefers financial investment instead of financial gambling. Moreover, when the subject come to the topic that whether there is a relation between social media preferences and financial risk taking behaviors or not, it is founded that social media users prone to take more financial investment risks with respect to non-users. In this research, it is founded that while depression score is decreasing, financial investment risk taking tendency is increasing. On the contrary, another finding shows us that while depression score is increasing, financial gambling risk taking tendency is also increasing. Analysis also shows us that depression is increasing with age and depression levels are lower in who prefers to use Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, Swarm and WhatsApp than in who does not prefer.