bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of seven 7-aryl-4,7-dioxoheptanoic acids: differing carboxylic acid interactions leading to dimers, chains and three-dimensional arrays
Authors: Gomes Ligia R. , Low John N. , Turner Alan B. , Watson Graeme J.R. , Baddeley Thomas C. , Wardell James L.
Published: May 2018

Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analysis are reported of seven aryl-CO–CH2CH2COCH2CH2CO2H derivatives, namely aryl=4-ClC6H4, 1: 2-HOC6H4, 2: (2,4-(MeO)2C6H3, 3: 3,5-Me2-4-MeOC6H2, 4: 4-MeC6H4, 5: C6H5, 6: 2,4-(HO)2C6H3, 7. There are significant differences in their molecular conformations and their crystal packing. Within the group of compounds, three different types of carboxylic acid intermolecular interactions are exhibited, all involving O–H···O hydrogen bonds. These three types are (i) symmetric R2
2(8) dimers formed from pairs of O–H···O hydrogen bonds in compounds 1–5, (ii) infinite 1D homo-assemblies of carboxylic groups (homo-AA,A catemers), and (iii), a 3-D array, in which there are no direct carboxylic acid–carboxylic acid interactions, generated from O–H···O interactions of each carboxylic acid group with the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of other molecules in 7. Each of the carboxylic acid groups in the catemer exhibit anti arrangements with all the carboxylic acid oxygen atoms lying in a plane. Disorder is exhibited in the carboxylic acid groups in 2 and 6. With the variety of oxygen substituents present in 1–7, a large number of O–H···O and C–H···O hydrogen bonds are exhibited, resulting in all cases in three dimension assemblies. In 1–5, interlayer contacts between the carboxylic acid R2
2(8) dimers in rows, with differing sets of weaker C–H···O and/or C–H···π interactions, result in the formation of two-molecular wide columns and/or infinite sheets. While column and sheet sub structures can also be designated in compound 6, on linking the carboxylic acid groups with other substituents via C–H···O, C–H···π and C=O···π interactions, these differ from those in 1–5 due to the different arrangements of the CO2H groups.
Fabrication of Ag2S/CdS Heterostructured Nanosheets via Self-Limited Cation Exchange
Authors: Ruhmlieb Charlotte , Rieckmann Angelique , Strelow Christian , Kipp Tobias , Mews Alf
Published: May 2018

Highly crystalline vertically aligned Ag2S/CdS heterostructured nanosheets with lateral sizes of several micrometers and thicknesses of a few nanometers are prepared directly on silver surfaces by a two-step process. Firstly, Ag2S sheets were prepared by direct reaction of partially dissolved elementary sulfur in methanol with a solid silver surface in methanol at room temperature. The second step involves a self-limited cation exchange of Ag+ vs. Cd2+ to achieve the formation of large-area Ag2S/CdS heteronanosheets on the solid substrate. The cation exchange was proven and investigated over time via several analytical methods, e.g. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and three-dimensional photoluminescence mapping.
Repeatability of Contour Method Residual Stress Measurements for a Range of Materials, Processes, and Geometries
Authors: Olson Mitchell D. , DeWald Adrian T. , Hill Michael R.
Published: May 2018

This article examines the precision of the contour method using five residual stress measurement repeatability studies. The test specimens evaluated include the following: an aluminum T-section, a stainless steel plate with a dissimilar metal slot-filled weld, a stainless steel forging, a titanium plate with an electron beam slot-filled weld, and a nickel disk forging. These specimens were selected to encompass a range of typical materials and residual stress distributions. Each repeatability study included contour method measurements on five to ten similar specimens. Following completion of the residual stress measurements, an analysis was performed to determine the repeatability standard deviation of each population. In general, the results of the various repeatability studies are similar. The repeatability standard deviation tends to be relatively small throughout the part interior, and there are localized regions of higher repeatability standard deviations along the part perimeter. The repeatability standard deviations over much of the cross section range from 5 MPa for the aluminum T-section to 25 MPa for the nickel disk forging. There is a strong correlation between the elastic modulus of the material and the repeatability standard deviation. These results demonstrate the precision of the contour method over a broad range of specimen geometries, materials, and stress states.
Experimental Study of Jet Cavitation Erosion Applicable to Oil and Water-Hydraulic Equipment
Authors: Kazama Toshiharu
Published: May 2018

Hydraulic components, such as valves, pumps, and actuators, include many narrow passages in the form of nozzles, orifices, and gaps. Cavitation can occur when jets flow from high to low pressure through such sections, making it unavoidable for jets containing cavitation bubbles to impinge on the inner walls of hydraulic components. This report summarizes a series of experiments involving erosion tests, flow visualization, and pressure measurements with hydraulic oils and municipal water. For the erosion tests, the ASTM G134, Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by a Cavitating Liquid Jet, method of jet cavitation erosion is used to evaluate the eroded mass loss and the specimen’s surface damage. The experimental apparatus consists of a stainless steel cylindrical chamber, a high-pressure hydraulic pump, and auxiliary hydraulic components. The main test parameters are the standoff distance, cavitation number, nozzle outlet geometry, specimen surface shape, and liquid type. The specimen mass is measured, and the eroded surfaces are recorded at specific intervals. For the visualization tests, an acrylic chamber and a digital video camera are used. Video frames are extracted as pictures and are processed by superposition. For the pressure measurements, pressure-sensitive films are used to estimate the pressure distributions on the impinged surfaces. The films are bonded on the specimen surface beforehand, exposed to the cavitating jets for a short period, and then analyzed using an image analysis system. Overall, by comparing the mass loss, surface damage, visualization pictures, and pressure mapping, the effects of the experimental parameters on the erosion characteristics are examined. Moreover, design approaches that are applicable to both oil and water-hydraulic components are proposed in order to reduce erosion by cavitating jets.
‚Feminisierung‘ der Politik. Soziale Bewegungen gegen Austeritätspolitik in Spanien als Katalysator der politischen Partizipation von Frauen
Authors: Huke Nikolai , Wöhl Stefanie
Published: May 2018

Der Artikel analysiert Geschlechterverhältnisse in sozialen Bewegungen und neueren linken Parteien in Spanien infolge der Bewegung 15-M. Während explizit feministische Positionen und Identitäten teils nur zögerlich aufgegriffen wurden, so die These, waren die Organisationsformen der sozialen Bewegungen von „unbewussten“ Feminismen durchdrungen. Eine Politik der ersten Person, inklusive und interaktive Versammlungen sowie Infrastrukturen des Füreinander-Sorge Tragens ermöglichten es, individuelle Bedürfnisse in kollektive Forderungen zu verwandeln. Alltägliche Krisenerfahrungen wurden dadurch politisiert und die Grenzen zwischen Öffentlichkeit und Privatheit verschoben. Dies führte zu einer vermehrten Partizipation von Frauen an sozialen Bewegungen, ein Effekt, der in neu entstandenen linken Parteien wie Podemos und Wahlplattformen, wenn auch zu einem geringeren Grad, andauerte.
Soziale Innovation zwischen Emanzipation und Anpassung
Authors: Pausch Markus
Published: May 2018

Der Begriff „Innovation“ wurde lange vor seiner technologisch-ökonomischen Definition als auf die Zukunft gerichtetes soziales und emanzipatorisches Unterfangen verstanden, das in enger Verbindung zu den Werten der Aufklärung und der Entwicklung der modernen Demokratie steht. Im 20. Jahrhundert wurde er jedoch umdefiniert, vorrangig wirtschaftlich interpretiert und von der Ökonomie besetzt. Erst seit einigen Jahren hat sich eine neue Debatte über die soziale Dimension von Innovation unter dem Schlagwort „Soziale Innovation“ entwickelt, im Rahmen derer verschiedene Definitionen vorgeschlagen wurden. Die Begriffsverwendung ist nichtsdestotrotz eher diffus geblieben und konzentriert sich auf Top-Down-Prozesse. Im vorliegenden Artikel sollen alternative Interpretationen beschrieben und diskutiert werden. Mit Hilfe einer Kategorisierung werden vier verschiedene Typen von Sozialer Innovation vorgeschlagen, die für zukünftige praktische Ansätze einen Rahmen bieten können.
Seyed Alireza Mousavi (2017): Die Globalisierung und das Politische. Überlegungen zur Aktualität von Carl Schmitt
Authors: Vad Erich
Published: May 2018

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Frank Fischer (2017): Climate Crisis and the Democratic Prospect. Participatory Governance in Sustainable Communities
Authors: Kunze Iris
Published: May 2018

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Traditional Chinese Medicine Is Widely Used for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Xing Yanwei , Barajas-Martinez Hector , Hu Dan
Published: May 2018

A review article by Hao et al. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;69(24):2952–66) has had huge repercussions among those familiar with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the international academic community. It evaluated the efficacy and safety of TCM for cardiovascular disease and the pharmacological effect of active TCM ingredients on the cardiovascular system and potential mechanisms. We have several comments: Firstly, we give a brief summary addressing nonpharmacotherapy in TCM, including acupuncture, moxibustion, Qigong, and Tai Chi. Secondly, we have added traditional antiarrhythmic drug–related randomized controlled trials to make the coverage more comprehensive. Lastly, we support the concept that research into, development of, and application of active ingredients is part of modern TCM.
Die Wehrmacht und der Kommissarbefehl. Neue Forschungsergebnisse
Authors: Römer Felix
Published: May 2018

Der sogenannte Kommissarbefehl vom Juni 1941 verpflichtete die deutschen Fronttruppen zur sofortigen Tötung aller gefangenen Politoffiziere der Roten Armee – ein zentrales Element in Hitlers Vernichtungskrieg gegen die Sowjetunion. Bis in die Gegenwart blieb die Geschichte dieses völkerrechtswidrigen Befehls umstritten. Erst vor kurzem erfolgte die vollständige Auswertung aller diesbezüglichen Wehrmachtakten. Die quantifizierende Analyse der deutschen Quellen von der Ostfront zeigt: Es gab kaum einen Frontverband, der den Kommissarbefehl nicht befolgte. Obwohl beträchtliche Handlungsspielräume bestanden, nutzten nur wenige Truppenführer sie dazu aus, den Befehl zu umgehen. Der Vernichtungspolitik setzten letztlich allein die äußeren Umstände und das Scheitern des Feldzugs Grenzen. Die zuletzt in der Forschung geäußerte These, dass die Fronttruppen den Kommissarbefehl zurückhaltender umgesetzt hätten als die rückwärtigen Besatzungsformationen, findet dagegen keine Bestätigung. Dies zeigen auch die Befunde aus den alliierten Vernehmungslagern: Wenn die abgehörten Wehrmachtsoldaten dort überhaupt vom Kommissarbefehl sprachen, dann von seiner gehorsamen Durchführung.
“Das süße Gift des Pazifismus”? Die westdeutschen Katholiken und das Ringen um ein neues Friedensdenken, 1979-1983
Authors: Gerster Daniel
Published: May 2018

Die Friedensdiskussionen und -proteste der frühen 1980er Jahre gingen auch an den Katholiken der Bundesrepublik Deutschland nicht spurlos vorbei. Zum ersten Mal seit 1945 setzte sich eine nicht unerhebliche Anzahl von ihnen mit den Themen “Krieg” und “Frieden” auseinander. Der vorliegende Artikel nimmt die verschiedenen katholischen Akteure in den Blick und untersucht, wie sie sich in der gesamtgesellschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung verorteten und ob sie ein eigenes, genuin katholisches Friedensverständnis entwickelt haben. Die Untersuchung kommt dabei zu dem Ergebnis, dass Ausmaß und Richtung des Engagements stark von Stellung und Anliegen der verschiedenen Akteure geprägt war. Die reformorientierte Initiative “Kirche von unten” suchte beispielsweise in der Koalitionsbildung mit nicht-katholischen Friedensaktivisten generelle Unterstützung für ihre Anliegen suchte. Gruppen wie der katholischen Friedensbewegung “Pax Christi” die sich aus ihrem Selbstverständnis heraus stärker im katholischem Raum verorteten, ging es dagegen darum, innerkatholische Diskussionen in Gang zu bringen. Nimmt man das Wahlergebnis vom März 1983 in den Blick schein das Gros der westdeutschen Katholiken indessen weiterhin einer konservativen Sicherheitspolitik anzuhängen.
Using a Community Vote for Wind Energy Development Decision-Making in King Island, Tasmania
Authors: Colvin R.M. , Witt G. Bradd , Lacey Justine
Published: May 2018

In 2012, a large scale wind energy project was proposed for development in King Island, Tasmania, Australia. The project proponents adopted what they described as a ‘best practice’ approach to community engagement; an approach expected to achieve positive outcomes for developer and community by maximising community involvement in decision-making, limiting social conflict, and enhancing the potential of achieving the social licence to operate. Despite this, the community experience during the time of the proposal was one of conflict and distress, and the proposal was eventually cancelled due to exogenous economic factors. This case study explores a key element of the engagement process—holding a community vote—that caused significant problems for people and process. The vote appeared to be a democratic means to facilitate community empowerment in the decision-making process. However, in this study, we show that the vote resulted in an increase in conflict and polarisation, challenged the legitimacy of the consultative process and credibility of the proponents, and ultimately led to legal actions taken by opponents against the proponent. Factors including voter eligibility, the benchmark for success of the vote, campaigning, and responses to the outcome of the vote are examined to demonstrate the complexity of decision-making for renewable energy and land use change more generally.
Tibullus és Propertius tanítása Magyarországon 1945-ig
Authors: Eszter Váradi
Published: May 2018

Jelen tanulmány egy oktatástörténeti folyamatot vázol fel, amennyiben a kezdetektől (vagyis a legkorábbi föllelhető dokumentumoktól) 1945-ig vizsgálja Tibullus és Propertius előfordulását a magyarországi tankönyvekben. A dolgozat kitér az európai előzményekre és a magyar oktatáspolitika vonatkozó előírásaira is, mindenekelőtt azonban tartalmi és statisztikai összefoglalást nyújt arról, hogyan jelent meg a két szerző életműve a nyelvkönyvekben, antológiákban, irodalomtörténeti könyvekben és minden egyéb típusú tankönyvben: mely műveiket ismerték és olvasták, illetve hogyan értékelték irodalomtörténeti jelentőségüket.
Effects of live and heat-inactivated E. coli strains and their supernatants on immune regulation in HT-29 cells
Authors: Zimmermann Christian , Schild Marius , Kunz Clemens , Zimmermann Kurt , Kuntz Sabine
Published: May 2018

Probiotics are considered to have a beneficial impact on humans, but in some cases, administration of live microorganisms might be risky. In the present study, immunomodulatory effects of different Escherichia coli strains and their supernatants were examined under different inflammatory conditions with living and heat-inactivated strains. HT-29 cells were incubated with E. coli strains (S2-G1, S2-G3, S2-G4 and S2-G8) and their supernatants with or without stimulation with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or interleukin (IL)-1β. Quantification of IL-8 secretion and gene expression was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). IL-8 secretion by TNF-α- and IL-1β-stimulated cells was attenuated by all four live strains. In contrast, heat inactivation resulted in an elevated IL-8 expression and secretion in unstimulated cells and did not maintain the anti-inflammatory effect of live bacteria in cytokine-stimulated cells. The supernatant of the live S2-G3 led to an elevated IL-8 secretion in unstimulated and IL-1β-stimulated cells but not in TNF-α-stimulated cells. Live bacteria of all strains might induce an immunosuppressive effect after stimulation of HT-29 cells, whereas heat inactivation and the supernatant seem to induce an elevated immune response. These findings might have an impact depending on the indication and purpose of administration.
Karakterisasi Mutu Gelatin yang diproduksi dari Tulang Ikan Patin (Pangasius Hypopthalmus) secara Ekstraksi Asam.
Authors: Peranginangin Rosmawaty , Mulyasari Mulyasari , Sari Abdul , Tazwir Tazwir
Published: May 2018

Mutu gelatin yang diproduksi dari tulang ikan patin (Pangasius hypopthalmus) dengan cara perendaman tulang ikan patin dalam HCI pada pH 0,37 yang kemudian dicuci dan diekstraksi pada suhu 900C selama 7 jam dan filtratnya dikeringkan dalam oven suhu 50 derajad Celcius selama 36‑48 jam telah dikarakterisasi. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa rendemen 15,38% dengan kadar air 9,26%, kadar abu 2,26%, kadar protein 85,91 %, dan kandungan kalsium 57,5 mg/1 00 g. Hasil pengujian Escherichia coli dan Salmonella adalah negatif. Sedangkan pengujian organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan penilaian panelis gelatin mempunyai nilai bau yang sama dengan standar tetapi nilai penampakan dan warnanya lebih rendah dari gelatin standar dan komersial.
Pengaruh Alkalinisasi Selulosa terhadap Produksi Sodium Karboksimetil Selulosa.
Authors: Basmal Jamal , Andhita Dina , Sediarso Sediarso
Published: May 2018

Penelitian pemanfaatan limbah pengolahan rumput laut sebagai bahan dasar untuk pembuatan sodium karboksimetil selulosa telah dilakukan. Limbah pengolahan rumput laut Gracilaria verucosa terlebih dahulu diekstrak selulosanya melalui proses pemanasan dalam larutan NaOH 40% (b/v) pada suhu 1000C selama 3 jam. Selulosa yang diperoleh kemudian direndam dalam larutan NaOH 30%, 40%, 50%, dan 60% selama 4 jam pada suhu kainar. Rasio sefulosa : larutan NaOH adalah 1:20 (b/v). Proses eterifikasi dilakukan pada suhu 600C selama 2 jam. Nilai sodium karboksimetil selulosa (Na‑CMC) terbaik ditemukan pada perlakuan alkalinisasi selulosa menggunakan larutan NaOH 40% ditinjau dari kandungan Na dalam Na­CMC sebesar 8,8%, kelarutan membutuhkan 24,8 ml air untuk melarutkan 1 g Na‑CMC, kekentalan 35 cPs, kadar air 9,9%, derajat substitusi 0,8, kadar abu 1,6%, kadar abu tak larut asam 0,2% dengan hasil 82,6%.
Pengaruh Penambahan Iota Karaginan pada Ekstraksi Agarosa dari Agar Agar menggunakan Cetyl Piridinium Klorida.
Authors: Subaryono Subaryono , B.S.B. Utomo B.S.B. Utomo , T. Wikanta T. Wikanta , N. Satriyana N. Satriyana
Published: May 2018

Penelitian pemurnian agarosa dari agar‑agar menggunakan cetyl piridinium klorida dengan penambahan iota karaginan telah dilakukan. Faktor    yang diteliti adalah besarnya penambahan iota karaginan yang digunakan dalarn proses tersebut ( 0%; 0,5% ; 1%; 1,5%   dari  bobot  rumput   laut kering) terhadap kualitas agarosa yang dihasilkan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi rendemen  agarosa,  kadar air,  kadar sulfat,  kadar 3,6‑anhidro‑galaktosa, kekuatan  gel,  suhu  pembentukan  gel,  dan  suhu  pelelehan  gel.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi iota karaginan yang paling baik digunakan pada proses tersebut adalah  1 %, yang  menghasilkan agarosa dengan kadar sulfat sebesar 0,59% dan kekuatan gel sebesar 188,14 g/cm'. Perlakuan tersebut tidak   memberikan   pengaruh   yang  nyata   terhadap rendemen, kadar air,  kadar  3,6‑anhidro‑galaktosa, suhu pembentukan gel dan suhu pelelehan gelnya.
Produksi Kitinase dan Kitin Deasetilase dari Vibrio Harveyi.
Authors: Nasran Suyuti , Ariyani Farida , Indriati Ninoek
Published: May 2018

Penelitian untuk mengetahui potensi Vibrio harveyi sebagai penghasil kitinase dan kitin deasetilase telah dilakukan. Untuk mengetahui kondisi yang diperlukan untuk memproduksi enzim, telah dilakukan percobaan produksi enzim pada pH 6,7, dan 8 dengan 3 tingkatan suhu inkubasi yaitu suhu kamar (28‑31 derajad Celcius), 37 derajad Celcius, dan 47 derajad Celcius selama 5 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Vibrio harveyi dapat memproduksi enzim kitinase dan kitin deasetilase seperti ditunjukkan dari hasil uji daya kitinolitik, walaupun aktivitas enzim yang diperoleh masih rendah. Sama halnya dengan perkembangan jumlah bakteri selama masa produksi enzim, aktivitas enzim kitinase dipengaruhi oleh suhu inkubasi, tetapi tidak oleh pH media. Terdapat perbedaan aktivitas enzim pada inkubasi 37 derajad Celcius selama 5 hari yang mencapai rata‑rata 10,82 x 10‑6 u/ml dibandingkan dengan pada suhu 47 derajad Celcius yang hanya mempunyai aktivitas sebesar 3,56 x 10‑6 u/ml. Sebaliknya, aktivitas enzim kitin deasetilase justru lebih dipengaruhi oleh pH media daripada suhu dan lama inkubasinya. Aktivitas kitin deasetilase rata‑rata pada pH 6,7, dan 8 berturut‑turut adalah 5,6 x 10‑1 u/ml ‑1 3,8 x 10‑5 u/ml, dan 6,0 x 10‑5 U/Ml.
Fortifikasi Ikan pada Emping Melinjo.
Authors: Subaryono Subaryono , Irianto Hari Eko , Indriati. Ninoek.
Published: May 2018

Penelitian pengolahan emping dengan penambahan udang putih (Penaeus merguiensis), teri (Stelophorus spp.) dan kerang darah (Anadara granosa) telah dilakukan. Bentuk penarnbahan yang dilakukan yaitu dalam bentuk utuh dan lumat dengan konsentrasi 10, 20 dan 30% (b/b) terhadap bahan baku. Selanjutnya terhadap produk yang dihasilkan dilakukan analisis organoleptik, kadar air, kadar protein dan daya kembang produk ketika digoreng. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerimaan terbaik diperoleh pada produk dengan penarnbahan udang lurnat sebanyak 20 persen. Penambahan udang ini akan meningkatkan kadar protein produk dari 12,10% menjadi 18,56%.
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND MAGNETOCALORIC EFFECT OF Fe90-xPrxZr10 RAPIDLY QUENCHED ALLOYS
Authors: Hà Nguyen Hoang
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we present the results of studying magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect of Fe90-xPrxZr10 (x = 1, 2 and 3) rapidly quenched alloys. The alloy ribbons with thickness of about 15 µm were prepared by melt-spinning method on a single roller system. X-ray diffraction patterns of the ribbons manifest their almost amorphous structure. Thermomagnetization measurements show that the Curie temperature of the alloys can be controlled to be near room temperature by changing concentration of Pr (x). When the concentration of Pr is increased, saturation magnetization of the alloys increased from 48 emu/g (with x = 1) to 66.8 emu/g (with x = 2). All the ribbons reveal soft magnetic behavior with low coercive force (Hc < 42 Oe). The magnetic entropy change of the alloys, |∆Sm|max > 0.9 J.kg-1K-1 in magnetic field change DH = 12 kOe, shows large magnetocaloric effect at phase transition temperature. On the other hand, the working temperature range is quite large (dFWHM ~ 70 K) revealing an application potential in magnetic refrigeration technology of these alloys.
IMPROVEMENT OF MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MnBi POWDERS PREPARED BY LOW-ENERGY BALL MILLING
Authors: Xuan Truong Nguyen
Published: May 2018

Recently MnBi magnetic material attracts a large attention due to its potential for high-temperature permanent magnetic applications. Although its sponatenous magnetization is moderate, Ms ~ 8.2 kG74 emu/g but its large coercivity, iHc > 10 kOe, which results in the theoretical value of energy product (BH)max ~16.8 MGOe. The MnBi single phase is difficult to be prepared by using conventional techniques, such as the arc-melting, melt-spinning and sintering because of the big difference between the melting temperatures of Bi (544 K) and Mn (1519 K). Furthermore, the magnetic properties of magnets are strongly dependent on processing. The heat treatment of arc-melted alloys, the ball milling of annealed alloys, and the bulk magnets fabrication were found to have large effects on (BH)max of MnBi magnets. In this work, we report the effects of decomposition of MnBi LTPlow temperature phase (LTP) into Bi and Mn during low-energy ball milling (LEBM) carried out in xylene and silicon oil protection solvent environments and its influence on the magnetic properties of green MnBi as-milled powders. In both solvents, by LEBM for 120 - 150 min, MnBi arc-melted and annealed alloys were ground into fine particles of 0.5 – 5 µm to increase iHc up to 5 kOe. By LEBM for 120 min, the viscous silicon oil constrained the decomposition of MnBi (LTP) keeping Ms around 56 emu/g instead of 42 emu/g of in-xylene LEBM powders.
STUDY ON THERMOLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF K2GdF5:Tb3+
Authors: Vinh Ha Xuan
Published: May 2018

In this article, K2GdF5 substance was doped by various Tb3+ ion with concentrations 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 mol%, and the materials were synthesized by the solid state reaction method. The K2GdF5 material had orthorhombic structure of Pnam symmetry with the wrinkled surface structure  shown on SEM images. The fluorescence spectrum indicated that the luminescence property of this material was due to the Tb3+ ions. In the thermoluminescence (TL) investigation, the glow curves of K2GdF5:Tb3+ owned three peaks at 196, 236 and 305 °C when measuring at            2 °C/s heating rate, the main peak (at 196 oC) could be used to determine the dose by the TL method. The sensitivity, linearity and responsivity to different radiation doses of materials were also examined. In addition, some of the thermoluminescence responses of materials with neutron doses were also investigated. The results showed this materials own thermoluminescence properties, which could be applied in measuring nuclear radiation including neutron doses.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) APPLICATION OF Fe3O4 BASED FERROFLUID SYNTHESIZED BY THERMAL DECOMPOSITION USING POLY (MALEIC ANHYDRIDE -ALT-1-OCTADECENE) (PMAO)
Authors: Tam Le The
Published: May 2018

The Fe3O4 fluid synthesis by thermal decomposition method carried out in organic solvents with high boiling temperatures disposes  a possibility of creating high-quality nanoparticles with uniform particle size and high degree of crystallization. In this paper, Fe3O4 fluid was prepared by thermal decomposition using poly (maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMAO) as a phase transfer ligand. The crystalline structure, morphology and magnetic property of the as-prepared samples were thoroughly characterized. The results demonstrated that the magnetic Fe3O4 nanomaterial was formed in liquid phase with spinel single phase structure, average size of 13-16 nm, and high saturation magnetization (up to 70 emu/g). Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles coated with biocompatible poly (maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMAO) were synthesized for use as an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) contrast agent. The spin-lattice (T1) and the spin-spin (T2) relaxation times of the nuclear spins (hydrogen protons) in aqueous solutions of various concentrations of coated ferrite nanoparticles were determined using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. The MRI image was detected with higher contrast in comparison with that before injecting. By comparing with the MRI images taken in T1 weighted the T2 weighted images are clearer. The MRI images of a rabbit taken by the T2 weighted which shows that our coated ferrite nanoparticles can be used as a T2 MRI contrast agent.
Assessing the Clinical Utility of Computed Tomography-Based Radiomics
Authors: Lai-Kwon Julia , Siva Shankar , Lewin Jeremy
Published: May 2018

This commentary provides an overview of the evolving field of radiomics, which aims to noninvasively augment clinical prognostic nomograms, correlate imaging phenotypes, and support clinical decision-making.
Influence of anchorage angles on pull-out resistance of geotextile wrap around anchorage
Authors: Xu Y. , Williams D. J. , Serati M.
Published: May 2018

Anchored geosynthetics are able to withstand higher tension and provide higher anchorage capacity. The simple run-out and wrap-around anchorages are two commonly used configurations in anchored geosynthetics. However, the influence of geometric parameters of different anchorage configurations on pull-out performance is still problematic. To study the influence of anchorage angles on pull-out resistance of the geotextile wrap around anchorage, two geometric control variables, namely, the top and bottom anchorage angles, were introduced and investigated experimentally and theoretically. A series of pull-out tests were carried out on the geotextile anchorages with varying configurations embedded in sand, including simple run-out and wrap around anchorages that were configured at varying top and bottom anchorage angles. Three stages were summarised to interpret the mobilisation of pull-out resistance of the geotextile wrap around anchorage during the pulling process. It was found that the smaller the bottom angle, the higher the initial pull-out resistance achieved at the early and middle stages, while the larger the top angle, the higher the final pull-out resistance achieved at the final stage. In addition, theoretical studies on pull-out resistance of the geotextile wrap around anchorage with varying anchorage angles were also carried out based on the static equilibrium analysis.
A mechanical model for sheared joints based on Mohr–Coulomb material properties
Authors: Han J. , Liang H. , Cao C. , Bi Z. , Zhu Z.
Published: May 2018

This paper presents a mechanical model for sheared rock joints using microstructural analysis of asperity damage. The shear resistance of the rock joint is formulated as a function of the geometry of the rock joint, Mohr–Coulomb mechanical properties of the materials and the loading levels. Deformation of the rock joints can be classified as slip at the joint faces, and partial and complete shearing off of the asperity. The theoretical implications of the mechanical model developed have also been corroborated by relevant experimental data in the literature.
Impulse load characteristics of bouldery debris flow impact
Authors: Song D. , Choi C. E. , Zhou G. G. D. , Kwan J. S. H. , Sze H. Y.
Published: May 2018

Boulders entrained in debris flows are the main cause of damage to debris-resisting structures. Poly-dispersity leads to grain-size segregation, which causes boulders to migrate to the free surface and then accumulate at the front of the flow. Despite the importance of grain-size segregation, the current design of debris-resisting structures does not explicitly consider its effects on impact. In this study, two series of centrifuge tests were carried out to investigate the impact behaviour of mono-disperse bouldery flows and bi-disperse flows comprising boulders mixed with fine debris material. The diameter of the boulders was varied to study the effects of boulder size on the dynamic response of an instrumented model rigid barrier. The results reveal that, as the boulder size increases, a transition from progressive loading to predominantly impulse loading is observed. Boulders floating on the fine debris can induce even higher peak loads compared with mono-disperse bouldery flow. A new relationship between an equivalent dynamic pressure coefficient for the hydrodynamic approach and boulder size is established. This new relationship serves as a criterion for distinguishing between the boulders and fine debris in the design of structural countermeasures.
Effective stresses and estimations of the apparent Biot coefficient in stacked clay layers
Authors: Honorio T. , Brochard L. , Vandamme M.
Published: May 2018

In materials with nanometric pores, such as clays, confinement effects alter the way the pressure of fluids is transferred to the solid. Even for liquid-saturated porous materials with poorly compressible solid skeleton, this can translate into apparent Biot coefficients (defined as the partial derivative of the stress orthogonal to the clay layer with respect to the bulk pressure of water at fixed volume) of adsorbing materials being higher than 10 or even negative. In this paper, molecular simulations of saturated clay layers are presented. From these simulations, the apparent Biot coefficient is derived as a function of the basal spacing. It is observed that the strains of an infinite stack of clay layers are generically not governed by the Terzaghi effective stress; but apparent Biot coefficients remain in the range 0–1 for stable basal spacings larger than 1·5 nm. For the sake of comparison, results of molecular simulations of a confined Lennard–Jones fluid are also provided. In this case, Biot coefficients vary from a negative value up to more than 15 according to the pore size.
Residual Function Effectively Controls Plasma Concentrations of Secreted Solutes in Patients on Twice Weekly Hemodialysis
Authors: Leong Sheldon C. , Sao Justin N. , Taussig Abigail , Plummer Natalie S. , Meyer Timothy W. , Sirich Tammy L.
Published: May 2018

Background Most patients on hemodialysis are treated thrice weekly even if they have residual kidney function, in part because uncertainty remains as to how residual function should be valued and incorporated into the dialysis prescription. Recent guidelines, however, have increased the weight assigned to residual function and thus reduced the treatment time required when it is present. Increasing the weight assigned to residual function may be justified by knowledge that the native kidney performs functions not replicated by dialysis, including solute removal by secretion. This study tested whether plasma concentrations of secreted solutes are as well controlled in patients with residual function on twice weekly hemodialysis as in anuric patients on thrice weekly hemodialysis.

Methods We measured the plasma concentration and residual clearance, dialytic clearance, and removal rates for urea and the secreted solutes hippurate, phenylacetylglutamine, indoxyl sulfate, and p-cresol sulfate in nine patients on twice weekly hemodialysis and nine patients on thrice weekly hemodialysis.

Results Compared with anuric patients on thrice weekly dialysis with the same standard Kt/Vurea, patients on twice weekly hemodialysis had lower hippurate and phenylacetylglutamine concentrations and similar indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate concentrations. Mathematical modeling revealed that residual secretory function accounted for the observed pattern of solute concentrations.

Conclusions Plasma concentrations of secreted solutes can be well controlled by twice weekly hemodialysis in patients with residual kidney function. This result supports further study of residual kidney function value and the inclusion of this function in dialysis adequacy measures.
Transnational Identities of Dutch Nazi-Collaborators and their Struggle for Integration into the National Community
Authors: Tames Ismee , Romijn Peter
Published: May 2018

Transnational Identities of Dutch Nazi-Collaborators and their Struggle for Integration into the National Community

This article aims to shed light on how Nazi collaborators’ transnational encounters and exchanges generated attitudes and outlooks that are different and more diverse than those that one would be able to find when focusing solely on the issue of reintegration from the perspective of the nation-state framework. Military service in the German forces produced significant reconfigurations in the sense of identity and belonging of these non-German Nazis. Highlighting the Dutch example, we argue that such far-reaching experiences strongly affected the position to which these people aspired in the restored post-war nation-state. We will demonstrate their ambition to adapt their own outlook in some respects to the guiding principles of their liberal-democratic surroundings, and indicate the limitations as well as the opportunities that both state and society provided in the process.
Unable to Hate? Some Comparative Remarks on the War Experiences of Spaniards and Italianson the Eastern Front,1941–1944
Authors: Seixas Xosé M. Núñez
Published: May 2018

Unable to Hate? Some Comparative Remarks on the War Experience of Spaniards and Italians on the Eastern Front, 1941-44

The article addresses the similarities and differences between the Spanish and the Italian war experiences on the Eastern front (1941–1945) from a comparative perspective. Although both contingents, when seen from the German perspective, might have been considered to share similar characteristics, and they implemented relatively benevolent practices of occupation towards Soviet civilians, prisoners of war and Jews, there was also a huge imbalance regarding the figures of soldiers deployed on the East, as well as the numbers of prisoners of war. The Spaniards and the Italians fought on different sectors of the front, and were subject to quite diverse combat conditions, which set the condition for different degrees of brutalisation. Finally, the Italian withdrawal of 1942 left a tragic imprint on the memory of the Russian campaign of the survivors, while a comparable event did not exist in the Spanish case. Yet, the main similarity between the Spaniards and the Italians lies in the narratives and politics of memory regarding their participation at the Eastern front, which were developed by war veterans and the states of both countries during the post-war years. Regardless of the political differences between the Francoist regime and the Italian democracy, an enduring legend in the two countries emerged that presented the invading soldiers as «nice occupants», which were supposedly cleaner than the «clean Wehrmacht», while they attempted to detach themselves from the German war crimes in the East.
Ideologías geográficas y producción de la naturaleza: elementos para pensar la resignación de los bosques frente a la crisis del capital
Authors: De Matheus Luis Fernando , Cornetta Andrei
Published: May 2018

Este artículo tiene como objetivo recoger elementos teóricos que permitan discutir las formas por las cuales la “naturaleza conservada” es reproducida en el capitalismo contemporáneo, usando como referencia la Amazonía oriental brasileña y las zonas boscosas del sur de Chile. Orientándonos por una lectura crítica y valiéndonos de datos e informaciones levantados en nuestras investigaciones, cotejamos las diferentes maneras por las cuales este proceso se ha territorializado en esos lugares, que están cargados de simbologías y diversidad, y sobre los cuales recae el peso de potentes ideologías geográficas. Se observa que, en el actual contexto de crisis del capital (distorsionado por muchos como “crisis ambiental”), surge una diversidad de nuevas mercancías que involucran la protección de los bosques –como la financiación de los “servicios ambientales” o las reservas privadas de conservación ambiental– cuyo valor se constituye en la contradicción entre escasez y rareza.
Geografías de la cocaína: trayectos de mujeres colombianas encarceladas por drogas en Ecuador
Authors: Cerón Cáceres Ana María
Published: May 2018

Mediante los testimonios de cuatro mujeres colombianas que estuvieron tras las rejas en la cárcel de Latacunga, en Ecuador, este artículo indaga las geografías de la cocaína. Las conversaciones con ellas y la etnografía de la visita a prisión fueron las vías para observar cómo procesos globales, en este caso la economía de la coca y la lucha por su control, toman cuerpo en vidas concretas. En sus relatos es posible observar dos geografías de la cocaína diferentes: una que criminaliza los movimientos de los cuerpos “sospechosos” en ella, la frontera nacional se rearticula en los muros de la prisión. La segunda geografía, en cambio, se constituye a partir de los trayectos clandestinos que estas mujeres realizan y que confrontan las barreras que la primera de estas geografías impone.
Uusien kielivähemmistöjen kirjailijat – keitä he ovat?
Authors: Talaskivi Katri
Published: May 2018

Suomessa asuu tällä hetkellä eri arvioiden mukaan 90--130 kirjailijaa, joiden äidinkieli on jokin muu kuin suomi, ruotsi tai saame. Artikkeli luo kuvaa siitä, keitä nämä kirjailijat ovat ja millaisista lähtökohdista he työtään tekevät. Heistä puhutaan usein kuin kyse olisi yhtenäisestä joukosta; artikkeli nostaa esiin esimerkkikirjailijoita kolmesta erilaisesta kirjailijatyypistä, jotka muodostavat omat marginaalin marginaalinsa. Se kuvaa myös niitä haasteita, joita äidinkieleltään muut kuin valtakieliset kirjailijat kohtaavat pyrkiessään suomalaiselle kirjallisuuden kentälle.
The Study of Chinese-English Trademark Translation
Authors: He Xuechuan
Published: May 2018

Trademark is a symbol of products and the core of commodity culture. Most of trademarks have specific national cultural connotation. If commodity be seen as a carrier of culture transmission, trademark translation must pay more attention to differences of customs under different culture background, in order to avoid negative associations and misunderstanding. Through the analysis of specific cultural differences, this paper expounds some principles that translators should follow in English-Chinese trademark translation. And taking Chinese-English trademark translation as a starting point in this paper, we discuss the specific performance of trademark translation and analyze the cultural differences in animals, plants, colors, numbers and other aspects between Chinese and English countries, so that summarize the methods of trademark translation.
Stability of human recombinant AIMP1/Р43 protein in nanocomposite complex with beta-cyclodextrin
Authors: Vorobyova N. , Kornelyuk O. , Lozhko D.
Published: May 2018

Stability of the recombinant AIMP1/p43 protein – component of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex of higher eukaryotic – in nanocomposite complex with β-cyclodextrin was investigated. A significant increase in thermal stability AIMP1/p43 in the composition of nanocomposite complex was shown. The local conformational transition associated with the exposure of Trp271 residue on the AIMP1/p43 surface was observed at 43 0 C, but in the nanocomposite complex it was observed at 52 0 C. Stabilization of AIMP1/p43 protein in nanocomposite complex provides opportunities for further structural and functional studies and its use as a new biotechnology product in biomedicine.
CONSTRUÇÃO E VALIDAÇÃO DE CONTEÚDO DO PLANO MULTIPROFISSIONAL DE ALTA EM TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Amaral Thatiana Lameira Maciel , Caciano Kelly Regina Pires da Silva , Carvalho Bruna Martins de , Israel Jakeline de Lima , Medeiros Irla Maiara Silva , Ribeiro Manuela Albuquerque Lima , Ritter Celso Gustavo
Published: May 2018

O presente estudo objetiva construir e validar o conteúdo do instrumento de sistematização da continuidade do cuidado, mediante plano multiprofissional de alta. Foram realizadas as seguintes etapas: levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados Pubmed e BVS; construção do instrumento; validação do conteúdo por 20 especialistas, segundo técnica Delphi, e análise e consolidação dos itens do instrumento, sendo calculado o índice de concordância para os itens linguagem, pertinência, relevância, organização, clareza e aplicabilidade. A concordância entre os avaliadores variou de 85,0 a 100,0%, com uma concordância global de 94,2% para o modelo inicial. Foram incluídas dez (23,2%) variáveis e 31 itens (72,0%) sofreram modificações. Após a validação do plano, o instrumento permaneceu com 11 domínios e 55 itens. Este estudo favoreceu o planejamento para uma alta eficaz, por meio do uso de instrumento validado, para a obtenção de uma assistência multiprofissional de qualidade.
COMPORTAMENTOS SEXUAIS NA INFÂNCIA E ASSOCIAÇÃO COM PROBLEMAS DE COMPORTAMENTO
Authors: Rocha Marina Monzani da , Monteiro Camila Teixeira , Ulian Ana Lucia Alcântara de Oliveira , Silvares Edwiges Ferreira de Mattos
Published: May 2018

Com objetivo de verificar a ocorrência de diferentes comportamentos sexuais na infância, a partir da perspectiva dos pais, e suas relações com a idade da criança, o sexo e a presença de problemas de comportamento, pais de 54 crianças (4 a 8 anos), sem histórico de problemas de saúde mental ou de abuso sexual, responderam ao “Inventário de Comportamentos Sexuais da Criança” (CSBI) e o “Inventário dos Comportamentos de Crianças e Adolescentes” (CBCL/4-18). Foram reportados diferentes tipos de comportamentos sexuais com variada frequência. Pais de meninos relataram, em média, mais comportamentos sexuais que os de meninas (8,04 x 5,12). Não foi encontrada diferença estatística entre o comportamento sexual de pré-escolares e escolares. Os comportamentos sexuais mais e menos frequentemente apresentados pela amostra foram semelhantes aos de estudos internacionais. Correlação positiva moderada foi estabelecida entre comportamentos sexuais (CSBI) e problemas de comportamento (CBCL). Levantamentos como este devem auxiliar a avaliação de problemas na área e facilitar a orientação aos pais e às crianças sobre a sexualidade infantil.
MOTIVO DA PROCURA DO CENTRO OBSTÉTRICO DO HOSPITAL SÃO JOSÉ POR GESTANTES DO MUNICÍPIO DE CRICIÚMA
Authors: Nunes Gabriela Vefago , Brunel Érica Berckenbrock , Gava Francielle Lazzarin de Freitas , Santos Cecília Marly Spiazzi dos , Bonfanti Mônica Dal Pont , Birolo Ioná Vieira Bez
Published: May 2018

O presente estudo objetiva identificar os motivos que levam as gestantes a procurar o centro obstétrico do hospital São José do município de Criciúma-SC. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa transversal e descritiva. A pesquisa aconteceu com 353 gestantes/parturientes, no período de novembro de 2016 a março de 2017, onde se aplicou entrevista semiestruturada elaborada pelo comitê de mortalidade materno-infantil de Criciúma-SC juntamente com as pesquisadoras. A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir dos dados coletados, atendendo critérios estatísticos. Os resultados mostraram que os principais motivos que levaram as gestantes a procurar o centro obstétrico foram dor (49,9%), contração (15%), sangramento (13%), perda de líquido amniótico (12,7%), pressão alta (9,6) e expectativa de parturir (9,1%). A maioria das participantes não procurou a Unidade Básica de Saúde antes de ir ao centro obstétrico, e, as que procuraram consideraram o atendimento como não resolutivo. Sugerimos que os profissionais da equipe de saúde busquem ações para aumentar o vínculo com as gestantes/parturientes durante todo o processo gestacional.
Effects of physical exercise on beta cells of the pancreas: a systematic review
Authors: Filho Edson Meneses da Silva , Albuquerque Jéssica Andrade de , Cacho Roberta de Oliveira , Freitas Rodrigo Pegado de Abreu
Published: May 2018

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is rising in many parts of the world causing damage to functionality, quality of life and public health system. Objective: Verify the effects of physical exercise on beta cells of the pancreas in diabetic subjects. Methods: The database Cochrane Library via Wiley – CENTRAL, Pubmed, LILACS, SCIELO, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL were used to search the articles. The descriptors and synonyms of this topic were used in the search strategy. Controlled randomized clinical trials and quasi-randomized studies, which included in their samples diabetic humans undergone any type of physical exercise were included. The Cochrane collaboration bias risk tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Results: A total of 3.133 articles were initially identified and after reading the titles/abstracts and the full text 6 articles were selected for the qualitative evaluation. Most of the studies showed positive results of physical exercise on pancreatic beta cells, insulin secretion, insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity. The main limitations were the number of studies, few, and their methodological qualities. Conclusions: Physical exercises have beneficial effects on pancreatic beta cells, insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity; however better studies designs, with fewer biases and larger samples are needed so that the results presented do not be overestimated. This review is recorded in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews with registration number 42017054213