bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Numerical Scheme of Preissmann Slot Model for Transient Mixed Flows
Authors: An Hyunuk , Lee Seungsoo , Noh Seong Jin , Kim Yeonsu , Noh Jaekyoung
Published: July 2018

The Preissmann slot model is one of the most widely used models to conceptualize both free-surface and pressurized flows in urban drainage systems. Despite its simplicity and wide range of applications, numerical solutions of the Preissmann slot model suffer from the spurious oscillations, especially when flow conditions switch from free-surface flow to pressurized flow. To overcome this problem, a new hybrid numerical flux solver of the Preissmann slot model is proposed herein, in which the upwind flux solver is combined with the centered flux solver. Numerical experiments are conducted for multiple flow conditions such as typical filling, pipe-filling, and transition-flow conditions. The numerical results indicate that the proposed scheme generally outperforms the conventional flux schemes for various hydraulic conditions and wave velocities. The proposed scheme should be useful to further enhance integrated urban water modeling in which transient mixed flow conditions significantly impact the simulation accuracy during extreme floods.
New species and records of Sericini scarab beetles from the Indian subcontinent (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Sreedevi Kolla , Speer Jana , Fabrizi Silvia , Ahrens Dirk
Published: July 2018

The current paper presents new locality records, including first state records for Mizoram, of 92 species of Sericini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from the Indian subcontinent. Eight new species are described herein: Maladeraalloservitrita sp. n., M.kolasibensis sp. n., M.mizoramensis sp. n., Neosericaradhanagariensis sp. n., Serica(s. str.)basantapurensis sp. n., S.(s. str.)mahakaliensis sp. n., S.(s. str.)therathumensis sp. n., and S.(s. str.)zianii sp. n.
« Je ne suis pas mon père » : à propos d’une femme auteure de violence sexuelle et de la résonance du trauma
Authors: Harrati Sonia , Vavassori David
Published: July 2018

Cet article porte sur la violence sexuelle des femmes et la résonance du trauma. À partir d’un cas clinique de femme auteure de violence sexuelle, nous examinons l’agir sexuel violent depuis l’étude de sa dynamique en relation avec le fonctionnement psychique et l’histoire individuelle du sujet. Nous recherchons en quoi l’agir sexuel violent peut constituer une réponse face à un conflit intrapsychique par la modalité d’une mise en acte et révéler des nœuds de vulnérabilités psychiques et sociales, dont l’expression varie selon les contextes et les moments d’une histoire individuelle. Nous montrons en quoi l’agir sexuel violent peut être considéré comme une solution défensive, sous-tendue par des dynamiques psychiques complexes face à des angoisses majeures résultant du poids d’événements de vie traumatiques.
6. Commerce international et environnement sont-ils (in)conciliables ?
Authors: Rolland Lisa
Published: July 2018

Les relations entre commerce international et environnement sont empreintes de complexité. Tandis que l’Organisation Mondiale du Commerce promeut une ouverture des marchés nationaux encourageant le développement durable, les confrontations de valeurs et de logiques sous-tendues par le commerce mondial et la protection de l’environnement restent toujours d’actualité. Le solde net des effets du commerce international sur l’environnement reste encore mal déterminé, les politiques environnementales nationales ne se substituant pas aux politiques commerciales. Dans ce contexte, les discours se multiplient sur la mise en place d’un commerce durable : est-ce possible et selon quelles modalités ?
Les relations controversées entre les technologies numériques et l’emploi
Authors: Valenduc Gérard
Published: July 2018

Les écarts importants entre les prévisions actuelles sur l’avenir de l’emploi dans l’économie numérique reflètent des divergences profondes dans les hypothèses et les méthodologies des études existantes. L’article compare trois approches. La première repose sur une évaluation des risques de substitution des tâches réalisées par des humains au bénéfice de machines intelligentes, au niveau des profils des métiers, et conduit à des estimations très pessimistes. La deuxième prend en compte l’hétérogénéité des tâches, automatisables ou non, au sein de chaque profil de métiers. Les prévisions sont beaucoup moins pessimistes, de même que dans la troisième approche, qui repose sur une analyse des conditions de travail potentiellement exposées à l’automatisation. Selon le « niveau de la menace », les implications politiques peuvent s’avérer très différentes.
La vocation, force et ambivalence d’un concept « nomade ». Pour un usage idéal-typique
Authors: Suaud Charles
Published: July 2018

La vocation est un concept « nomade » dont il convient d’examiner les limites et les conditions de validité de transfert. Il faut renoncer à prendre la modalité d’origine religieuse comme modèle théorique unique pour parvenir à une analyse idéale-typique respectueuse de la diversité des processus d’engagement vocationnel, qu’ils soient religieux, artistiques ou sportifs. C’est uniquement dans un second temps que l’on peut examiner les propriétés transversales à ces différents modes d’engagement total, à commencer par l’incorporation d’un destin qui fait à la fois la force et la fragilité de ces modes de socialisation.
Le duel cycliste Bartali Coppi, instrumentalisation politique ou la nouvelle image de l’Italie d’après-guerre ?
Authors: Favero Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2018

L’Italie d’après-guerre, en pleine reconstruction, a été incarnée par la lutte entre deux champions cyclistes, Gino Bartali et Fausto Coppi, qui ont dominé le cyclisme mondial jusqu’au milieu des années 1950. Cette rivalité a été instrumentalisée par la classe politique italienne dans un pays fragilisé par la violente opposition entre la Démocratie chrétienne et les partis de gauche. Chacun de ces deux coureurs étant censé incarner les valeurs lui étant attribuées par chaque camp. Gino Bartali, fervent catholique, est le champion de la Démocratie chrétienne alors que Fausto Coppi, plus jeune, menant une vie privée plus libre, incarne certaines valeurs sociétales défendues par les partis de gauche, notamment le parti communiste. L’Italie d’après-guerre se divise alors en deux camps, les pro-Bartali et les pro-Coppi. Mais les Italiens de l’étranger retrouvent leur dignité lors des victoires de chacun de ces champions.
The Network of Spanish Science in Exile
Authors: Dosil Mancilla Francisco Javier
Published: July 2018

Spanish science in exile operated as a network of networks. Its dynamics help us understand the deep imprint that exiled scientists left in their host countries. The network was characterized by its tendency to maintain links that had existed before the Spanish Civil War and the establishment of alliances with multiple actors, not just humans, that facilitated the legitimization and integration of exiles while allowing them to resume their research. In addition, those alliances produced shifts of goals that often led those exiled scientists to blaze new trails in scientific research and inaugurate new disciplines. Without doubt, this process fostered the vascularization of science in receiving countries.
Cultural Cold War and 1939 Republican Exile: the World Congress of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace (Wroclaw, 1948)
Authors: Aznar Soler Manuel
Published: July 2018

The cultural battle between the USA and the Soviet Union belongs to the chapters of the Cold War held by the two superpowers in the aftermath of World War II. This article studies how the intellectuals of the 1939 Republican exile took part in the Soviet Union-fostered World Peace International Committee of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace Council, which started with the participation of a delegation of Republican intellectuals in the World Congress of Intellectuals for Peace, held in Wroclaw (Poland) on August 25-28, 1948.
Caracterización hidrológica del rio Arga (Navarra): el agua como recurso y como riesgo
Authors: Bescos A. , Camarasa A. M.
Published: July 2018

El agua constituye un elemento vital para el desarrollo de los ecosistemas naturales, así como de los enclaves humanos. La creciente ocupación antrópica de los valles aluviales está creando conflictos, cada vez más patentes, entre el uso del recurso y la prevención del riesgo. Estos problemas adquieren una dimensión considerable en el caso del río Arga, afluente del Ebro. Se trata de una cuenca de régimen pluvio-nival que presenta importantes reservas de agua. La población y las actividades económicas que en ella se asientan vienen experimentando una importante expansión desde los años 60, vinculada, sobre todo, al desarrollo industrial (Cuenca de Pamplona) y agrícola (llano aluvial). En los últimos treinta años este crecimiento ha supuesto un aumento considerable de las demandas hídricas, a la vez que del riesgo de inundación. El presente trabajo analiza los aspectos físicos que determinan el funcionamiento hidrológico de la cuenca del Arga, así como la presión antrópica sobre el llano aluvial. Se analiza la demanda hídrica y la ocupación de las zonas inundables, en un intento de caracterizar ambas facetas del agua: recurso y riesgo.

[fr] L'eau constitue im élément fondamental pour le déroulement des écosystèmes naturels autant que des enclaves humains. La croisant occupation anthropique des vallées alluviales est en train de produire des conflits, de plus en plus évidents, entre l'usage du ressource et la prévention du risque. On a trouvé ces problèmes, au bassin versant du fleuve Arga, un affluent de la rivière Ebro. Il s'agit d'un bassin de régime pluvio-nival qui présente des importants ressources d'eau. La population et les activités économiques que y sont installées ont expérimenté une puissante expansion, lié surtout, au développement industriel (Pamplona) et agricole (plaine alluvial). Dans les dernières trente années, cet accroissement a supposé un considérable augmentation des demandes hydriques, au même temps que le risque d'inondation. Le présente travail analyse les aspects physiques qui déterminent le fonctionement hydrologique du bassin versant du Arga autant que la pression humaine sur la plaine alluvial. On analyse la demande hydrique et l'occupation des zones inondables, en prétendant de caractériser la double facette de l'eau: ressource et risque.
Dinámica fluvial de un rio de montana pirenaico, el ara; su interrelación con las comunidades vegetales
Authors: Rubio Fernández V. , Fernandez Fernandez Antonio
Published: July 2018

No disponible.
Grey Wolf Optimization Trained Feed Foreword Neural Network for Breast Cancer Classification
Authors: Pal Shankho Subhra
Published: July 2018

Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in females worldwide and is major cause of deaths. The diagnoses of breast cancer include mammograms, breast ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ductogram and biopsy. Biopsy is best and only way to know if the breast tumor is cancerous. Report says that positive detection of breast cancer through biopsy can reach as low as 10%. So many statistical techniques and cognitive science approaches like artificial intelligence are used to detect the type of breast cancer in a patient for getting more accuracy. This article presents the breast cancer classification using feed foreword neural network trained by grey wolf optimization algorithm. The superiority of the GWO-FFNN is shown by experimenting Wisconsin Hospital data set (Breast Cancer Wisconsin) and comparing recently reported results. The evaluations show that the proposed approach is very robust, effective and gives better correct classification as compared to other classifiers.
I Tweet, You Tweet, (S)He Tweets
Authors: Blattner Geraldine , Dalola Amanda
Published: July 2018

This study seeks to further the research on online language learning by examining the level at which intermediate ESL students understand and process sociopragmatic information in their second language (L2) in globally networked environments like Twitter. In this semester-long study, L2 English learners from a variety of first languages (Chinese, Spanish, Arabic) analyzed authentic English-language tweets produced by well-known native speakers, with a focus on abbreviations, hashtags and tweeter mood. Results revealed that high intermediate ESL students relied most heavily on word choice when making sense of English tweets, demonstrating that a majority were able to extract significant meaning from common abbreviations, prosified hashtags, indices of tweeter mood and the tweet's larger context. This investigation highlights Twitter's status as an authentic and dynamic L2 setting that facilitates the cultural enrichment of learners and enhances their socio-pragmatic awareness, while developing their multiliteracy skills in an L2.
Automatic Generation of Synsets for Wordnet of Hindi Language
Authors: Pandey Priyank , Khari Manju , Kumar Raghavendra , Le Dac-Nhuong
Published: July 2018

India is a land of 122 languages and numerous dialects. Lack of competent lexical resources for Indian languages is a ubiquitous fact, which negatively affects the development of tools for NLP of Indian languages. Recent advancements like the Indo WordNet project has significantly contributed to dealing with the scarcity of lexicons, but the progress and coverage is a matter of dispute. The bottlenecks, cost, time, and skilled lexicographers further slackens the progress. In this article, the authors propose a technique to automate the generation of lexical entries using a machine learning approach which visibly expedites the process of lexicon generation like WordNet. The reluctance to adopt an automated approach is majorly credited to a lack of accuracy, the inability to capture a regional touch of a language, incorrect back-translation, etc. To overcome this issue, the author will use Wikipedia to validate the synsets.
Sentiment Analysis in the Light of LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Pal Subarno , Ghosh Soumadip , Nag Amitava
Published: July 2018

Long short-term memory (LSTM) is a special type of recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture that was designed over simple RNNs for modeling temporal sequences and their long-range dependencies more accurately. In this article, the authors work with different types of LSTM architectures for sentiment analysis of movie reviews. It has been showed that LSTM RNNs are more effective than deep neural networks and conventional RNNs for sentiment analysis. Here, the authors explore different architectures associated with LSTM models to study their relative performance on sentiment analysis. A simple LSTM is first constructed and its performance is studied. On subsequent stages, the LSTM layer is stacked one upon another which shows an increase in accuracy. Later the LSTM layers were made bidirectional to convey data both forward and backward in the network. The authors hereby show that a layered deep LSTM with bidirectional connections has better performance in terms of accuracy compared to the simpler versions of LSTM used here.
First records of acclimatized populations of Buprestis dalmatina in Italy (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: Lorubio Donato , Cancelliere Giuseppe , Izzillo Francesco
Published: July 2018

Buprestis (Ancylocheira) dalmatina Mannerheim, 1837, an E-Mediterranean Buprestid species, is here recorded for the first time from southern Italy (forest areas of Matera province, Basilicata Region). The here reported records of B. dalmatina are based on material collected on Pinus halepensis Mill. in re-forested coastal areas; the species is therefore supposed to have been very likely introduced. Some aspects of the ecological relationships of Buprestis dalmatina with the closely related and syntopic Pinus borers B. humeralis, B. novemmaculata and B. haemorrhoidalis haemorrhoidalis in Southern Italy are also briefly discussed.
BRCA1 c.68_69delAG (exon2), c.181T>G (exon5), c.798_799delTT and 943ins10 (exon11) mutations in Burkina Faso
Authors: Zoure Abdou Azaque , Slaoui Meriem , Bambara Hierrhum Aboubacar , Sawadogo Alexis Yobi , Compaoré Tegwendé Rebeca , Ouédraogo Nabonswindé Lamoussa Marie , El Mzibri Mohammed , Attaleb Mohammed , Traoré Si Simon , Simpore Jacques , Bakri Youssef
Published: July 2018

The worldwide variation of BRCA mutations is well known. The c.68_69delAG, c.181T>G, c.798_799delTT mutations in BRCA1 were observed in Moroccan, Algerian and Tunisian Breast Cancer families and were described founder mutation in Northern Africa. The 943ins10 is also recognized a founder mutation in West Africa. To our knowledge no study has been published on BRCA1/2 germline mutations and hereditary breast cancer (HBC) in population of Burkina Faso. The aim of the present study (first in Burkina Faso) was to screen for these four mutations in 15 unrelated patients with HBC. Mutation analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing of coding exon2, Exon5 and exon11A sequences of the BRCA1 gene. Blood specimens of 15 patients from Burkina Faso, with HBC were collected at the University Hospital Yalgado OUEDRAOGO( CHU-YO) of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso. c.68_69delAG (exon2), c.181T>G (exon5), c.798_799delTT and 943ins10 (exon11) mutations were not detected in any of the 15 women diagnosed with family breast cancer history. Genetic analysis in this study, we show that targeting relevant exons in BRCA1 genes did not allow detection of mutations in the population of Burkina Faso. Therefore, such an approach may be of interest to perfom a complete sequencing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in families at a high risk of developing breast cancer in Burkina Faso.
Acute myocarditis as a revealing clue of complete Kawasaki disease
Authors: De Rosa G. , Andreozzi L. , Piastra M. , Castelli B. , Rigante D.
Published: July 2018

Not available
The real evidence for polymyalgia rheumatic as a paraneoplastic syndrome
Authors: Muller S. , Hider S. , Helliwell T. , Partington R. , Mallen C.
Published: July 2018

Not available
Cytologic diagnosis of unusual, large multiple cutaneous myxomas in a case of Carney complex
Authors: Karegar Manjusha , Sarwate Mrinal , Kothari Kanchan , Rojekar Amey , Naik Leena
Published: July 2018

Cutaneous myxomas are rare benign neoplasms which are frequently associated with Carney complex (CNC). Although more than 500 cases of CNC are reported, there is no literature on cytologic diagnosis of Cutaneous myxomas. An 18-year-old male, with no significant family history, presented with multiple cutaneous swellings, largest measuring 15 cm on the right cheek. He also had spotty skin pigmentations, raised adrenocorticotropic hormone levels and recurrent cardiac myxomas. Fine-needle aspiration cytology from the right cheek and suprapubic swellings revealed paucicellular smears with abundant myxoid material in the background, admixed with fragments of spindle and stellate cells with bland nuclear morphology, and vascular proliferation in few fragments. There was no mitosis, necrosis, or any epithelial element. Hence, diagnosis of cutaneous myxomas in CNC was made which was confirmed on histopathology. This is the first report of cytologic diagnosis of multiple cutaneous myxomas in CNC and the largest cutaneous myxoma reported in literature.
Occurrence and characterization of hyperviscous K1 and K2 serotype in Klebsiella pneumoniael
Authors: Remya Poothakuzhiyil , Shanthi Mariappan , Sekar Uma
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND: Klebsiella pneumoniae causes both nosocomial and community-associated infections. Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP), new variant of K. pneumoniae, can cause invasive infections in young healthy individuals as well as in the immunocompromised population. Hypervirulent strains frequently belong to capsular serotypes K1 or K2. Emergence of antimicrobial resistance in hvKP is a cause for concern.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The present study was done to detect the K1 and K2 serotypes among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae, spectrum of infections caused by them and presence of common beta-lactamases encoding genes in them.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 370 isolates of K. pneumoniae, isolated from various clinical samples over a period of 1 year was included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility testing to various classes of antimicrobials was done as per Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. The presence of K2A (specific to serotype K2), magA (specific to serotype K1), and rmpA genes was detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (TEM, SHV, and CTX-M), plasmid-mediated AmpCs (MOX, CIT, DHA, ACC, EBC, and FOX), and carbapenemase genes (IMP, VIM, NDM, KPC, and OXA-48) were also determined by PCR.

RESULTS: Among the 370 isolates, 8 harbored K2A gene and one harbored magA. rmpA gene was detected in three isolates along with K1 or K2 serotypes. Seven K2A-positive isolates were resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobials. The studied ESBL genes were present in four isolates. Two isolates harbored carbapenemase genes (NDM-1, OXA-48) along with ESBLs.

Conclusions: K2 serotype is more prevalent among hvKP isolates. They can harbor ESBLs and Carbapenemase genes. K1 serotype is rather uncommon in K. pneumoniae. Acquisition of multidrug-resistant genes by these strains adds to their virulence and limits the treatment options.
Importance of combined approach of investigations for detection of asymptomatic Hashimoto Thyroiditis in early stage
Authors: Saraf Sonali Rajesh , Gadgil Nitin M. , Yadav Sheetal , Kalgutkar Alka D.
Published: July 2018

INTRODUCTION: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most common cause of goitrous hypothyroidism in iodine sufficient areas. The diagnosis of HT is important because it progresses to hypothyroidism, and also, it is associated with thyroid lymphoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma. Apart from thyroid antibodies, assessment of thyroid function test (TFT) levels, ultrasonography (USG), and cytological analysis can help in early diagnosis and management of HT.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY: To know the age incidence and clinical presentation of HT, its association with thyroid hormone levels and with thyroid antibodies and its correlation with the cytologic grade of HT.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive convenient method of sampling was adopted at the cytology clinic. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of patients presenting with thyroid enlargement was done using standard technique and aseptic precautions.

RESULTS: Out of 875 cases of thyroid cytology, 134 cases were diagnosed as HT over a 4-year period. A strong female preponderance was observed. A significant proportion of them (103/134) presented in the first four decades of life. Majority of cases (60.63%) were hypothyroid, while 15.74% were hyperthyroid and 23.62% were euthyroid. Apart from thyroid enlargement, although a majority of patients presented with symptoms related to the thyroid, a significant number of patients (38.80%) were asymptomatic.

Conclusions: A combined approach of cytological grading of HT along with USG, TFT levels, and thyroid antibodies can detect hypothyroid and subclinical hypothyroid or euthyroid state of HT and provide an appropriate guide to therapy.
The Ontological Status of ‘The Living Dead’ in Post Modern African: A Discourse in Existential Metaphysics
Authors: Ukwamedua Nelson Udoka
Published: July 2018

This paper re-examines the place of the ancestors in post-modern Africa societies. It critically analyses the ontological status of the ‘living-dead’ in pre-colonial Africa society. This is predicated on the incursions/advent of proselytizing religions, nay Christianity and Islam and the force and pace of globalization. It is the contention of this paper that since these religions cum globalization have a lot of converts in Africa, little or no regard is now been paid to the ancestors. This is because most of the converts prefer their new relationships (religion and globalization) instead of venerating their departed, which they now see as belittling and fetish. On the other hand, the civilizing tendencies of Asia and the West, particularly the globalizing forces, like the media and ICT, fostered this high disregard for the ancestors. This paper concludes that since the living don’t even reflect the moral sanctity Africa was once known for, as a result of avarice, consumerism, materialism plus the alluring strings of globalization, the so-called ‘moral paragon’ should be allowed to really rest in peace.Key words: African religion, ancestors, worship, globalization, post-colonial, morality.
Estimating forest uniformity in Eucalyptus spp. and Pinus taeda L. stands using field measurements and structure from motion point clouds generated from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data collection
Authors: Hentz Ângela M. K. , Silva Carlos A. , Dalla Corte Ana P. , Netto Sylvio P. , Strager Michael P. , Klauberg Carine
Published: July 2018

Aim of study: In this study we applied 3D point clouds generated by images obtained from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to evaluate the uniformity of young forest stands.Area of study: Two commercial forest stands were selected, with two plots each. The forest species studied were Eucalyptus spp. and Pinus taeda L. and the trees had an age of 1.5 years.Material and methods: The individual trees were detected based on watershed segmentation and local maxima, using the spectral values stored in the point cloud. After the tree detection, the heights were calculated using two approaches, in the first one using the Digital Surface Model (DSM) and a Digital Terrain Model, and in the second using only the DSM. We used the UAV-derived heights to estimate an uniformity index.Main results: The trees were detected with a maximum 6% of error. However, the height was underestimated in all cases, in an average of 1 and 0.7 m for Pinus and Eucalyptus stands. We proposed to use the models built herein to estimate tree height, but the regression models did not explain the variably within the data satisfactorily. Therefore, the uniformity index calculated using the direct UAV-height values presented results close to the field inventory, reaching better results when using the second height approach (error ranging 2.8-7.8%).Research highlights: The uniformity index using the UAV-derived height from the proposed methods was close to the values obtained in field. We noted the potential for using UAV imagery in forest monitoring.
Food tree species consumed during periods of food shortage in Burkina Faso and their threats
Authors: Vinceti Barbara , Termote Céline , Thiombiano Natacha , Agúndez Dolores , Lamien Niéyidouba
Published: July 2018

Aim of study: Edible products from tree species were identified in Burkina Faso and their contribution to the diet in the lean season was assessed. The main threats affecting most consumed food tree species were also documented.Area of study: Six villages across two phytogeographic regions of Burkina FasoMaterial and methods: Focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews, including a 7-day dietary intake recall targeting women; semi-structured interviews targeting key male informants.Main results: The number of edible tree products consumed was found to vary according to phytogeographic region and ethnic group. A few tree species played a disproportionally greater role in the diet and were characterized by very high frequency of consumption by the majority of households in both phytogeographic regions and across ethnicities: Adansonia digitata, Parkia biglobosa and Vitellaria paradoxa. These species are not critically endangered at country level but they are perceived as scarcely available at local level. Considering that the main threats on priority tree species (fires, drought, pest and diseases) vary across regions, to maintain sustainable sources of nutrients in the landscape, mitigation measures should be diversified and adapted to local pressures.Research highlights: Priorities for conservation are emerging clearly, but research efforts should also target underutilized tree species for their potential to diversify nutrient-poor diets.
BRET-based RAS biosensors that show a novel small molecule is an inhibitor of RAS-effector protein-protein interactions
Authors: Bery Nicolas , Cruz-Migoni Abimael , Bataille Carole JR , Quevedo Camilo E , Tulmin Hanna , Miller Ami , Russell Angela , Phillips Simon EV , Carr Stephen B , Rabbitts Terence H
Published: July 2018

The RAS family of proteins is amongst the most highly mutated in human cancers and has so far eluded drug therapy. Currently, much effort is being made to discover mutant RAS inhibitors and in vitro screening for RAS-binding drugs must be followed by cell-based assays. Here, we have developed a robust set of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based RAS biosensors that enable monitoring of RAS-effector interaction inhibition in living cells. These include KRAS, HRAS and NRAS and a variety of different mutations that mirror those found in human cancers with the major RAS effectors such as CRAF, PI3K and RALGDS. We highlighted the utility of these RAS biosensors by showing a RAS-binding compound is a potent pan-RAS-effector interactions inhibitor in cells. The RAS biosensors represent a useful tool to investigate and characterize the potency of anti-RAS inhibitors in cells and more generally any RAS protein-protein interaction (PPI) in cells.
Kültürel Turizmin Ekonomik, Sosyal ve Çevresel Etkilerine Yönelik Bir Araştırma: Safranbolu Örneği / A Research on Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts of Cultural Tourism: Safranbolu Example
Authors: Aydın Fatih
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the economic, social and environmental impacts of cultural tourism in Safranbolu. A mixed research model was used in the study. During the Spring Semester 2016-2017 Academic year, 424 students from senior year students attended Karabük University Faculty of Literature. As a result of research expressed the majority of participants, cultural tourism provides additional income to Safranbolu creates new business areas, improves living conditions, provides a good opportunity to promote our culture, provides historical buildings and local architects protection but leads to life costs, increases in land and house prices in the city. Students who participated in the study suggested, the lack of adequate advertising, infrastructure problems, transportation difficulties and lack of education in tourism are the most important obstacles to cultural tourism in Safranbolu. Students indicated, in order to increase the supply of cultural tourism in Safranbolu, publicity activities should be carried out in more and different ways, improvement of transportation and accommodation conditions, aborigines should be made more aware about tourism activities.

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı Safranbolu’da kültürel turizmin ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel etkilerini incelemektir. Karma araştırma modelinin kullanıldığı çalışmaya 2016-2017 Akademik yılı Bahar döneminde, Karabük Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesindeki son sınıf öğrencilerinden 424 kişi katılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda katılımcıların çoğunluğu kültürel turizmin Safranbolu’ya yeni iş alanları oluşturduğunu, ek gelir sağladığını, kültürümüzü tanıtmak için iyi bir fırsat oluşturduğunu, tarihi yapıların ve yerel mimarinin korunmasını sağladığını belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca öğrenciler turizm faaliyetlerinin hayat pahalılığına neden olduğunu, ilçede arsa ve ev fiyatlarının arttığını belirtmişlerdir. Çalışmaya katılan öğrenciler Safranbolu’da kültürel turizminin önündeki en önemli engelleri tanıtımın yeterince yapılmamasını, ulaşım zorluğunu, alt yapı sorunlarını, turizm konusunda eğitim eksikliğini öne sürmüşlerdir. Öğrenciler Safranbolu’da kültür turizminin arzını arttırılması için tanıtım faaliyetlerine daha fazla ve farklı şekillerde yer verilmesi ve yerel halkın turizm faaliyetleri konusunda daha fazla bilinçlendirilmesi gerektiğini belirtmişlerdir.
Siyasi Coğrafya ve Etnocoğrafya Perspektifinden Filipinlerdeki Müslüman Topluluklar / Muslim Communities in the Philippines from the Perspective of Political Geography and Etnogeography
Authors: Atasoy Emin
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

This article examined the historical development of the struggle of the Muslim communities concentrated in the Southern Philippines for cultural freedom and political independence. Additionally, this study also concentrated on, on the one hand,  the attempts exerted to establish an Islamic state in the Southern Philippines and Christian-Muslim competition in the country, and on the other hand, the minority policies of the Philippine governments towards the Muslim communities. In the present article, both the historical background and political fate of both Filipino Muslims were discussed, and the ethnic, socio-cultural and demographic characteristics of this country were addressed. Besides, the issue of freedom of the people of Moro and the establishment problems of Muslim Mindanao Autonomous Region and Bangsamoro Autonomous Region were examined. It is the most important consequence of this work that the peace climate between the government forces and the Muslim guerrillas in the Southern Philippines, the continuation of the social, economic, political and cultural problems of the Moro people and the independence of the Muslim communities living in the Philippine islands. Provision of the peaceful climate between the government forces and the Muslim guerrillas in the southern Philippines, the continuation of social, economic, political and cultural problems of the Moro people, and the failure of the Muslim communities living on the Philippine islands to gain their independence were the most important results of this study.

ÖZ

Bu makalede Güney Filipinler’de yoğunlaşan Müslüman toplulukların kültürel özgürlük ve siyasi bağımsızlık mücadelesinin tarihsel gelişimi irdelenmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada bir yandan Hristiyan-Müslüman rekabeti ile Güney Filipinlerde İslam devleti kurma girişimleri, diğer yandan da Filipinler hükümetlerinin Müslüman topluluklara yönelik azınlık politikaları büyüteç altına alınmıştır.  Makalede hem Filipin Müslümanlarının tarihsel geçmişi ve siyasi kaderi tartışılmış, hem de bu ülkenin etnik, sosyo-kültürel ve demografik özellikleri ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca makalede Moro halkının özgürlük mücadelesi ile Müslüman Mindanao Özerk Bölgesi ve Bangsamoro Özerk Yönetim Bölgesinin kuruluş sorunlarına değinilmiştir. Güney Filipinlerde hükümet güçleri ile Müslüman gerillalar arasında barış ikliminin sağlanmış olması, Moro halkının sosyo-ekonomik, siyasi ve kültürel sorunlarının devam etmesi ve Filipin adalarında yaşayan Müslüman toplulukların bağımsızlıklarına kavuşamamış olmalarının tespit edilmesi bu çalışmanın en önemli sonuçlarıdır.
Automatic analysis of treadmill running to estimate times to fatigue and exhaustion in rodents
Authors: Zaretsky Dmitry V. , Kline Hannah , Zaretskaia Maria V. , Rusyniak Daniel E.
Published: July 2018

Introduction

The determination of fatigue and exhaustion in experimental animals is complicated by the subjective nature of the measurement. Typically, it requires an observer to watch exercising animals, e.g. rats running on the treadmill, and to identify the time of the event. In this study, we hypothesized that automatic analysis of the time-averaged position of a rat on a treadmill could be an objective way for estimating times to fatigue and exhaustion. To test this hypothesis, we compared these times measured by a human observer to the results of an automated video tracking system.

Methods

Rats, previously familiarized to running on the treadmill, ran at a fixed speed with zero incline, until exhaustion. The experiments were performed at either room temperature (24 °C) or in a hot environment (32 °C). Each experiment was video recorded. A trained observer estimated the times to fatigue and exhaustion. Then, video tracking software was used to determine the position of the animals on the treadmill belt. The times to fatigue and exhaustion were determined, based on the position on the treadmill using predefined criteria.

Results

Manual scores and the average position on the treadmill had significant correlation. Both the observer and the automated video tracking determined that exercise in a hot environment, compared with the exercise at room temperature, results in shorter times to exhaustion and fatigue. Also, estimates of times made by the observer and the automated video tracking were not statistically different from each other.

Discussion

A similarity between the estimates of times to fatigue and exhaustion made by the observer and the automated technique suggests that video tracking of rodents running on a treadmill can be used to determine both parameters in experimental studies. Video tracking technique allows for a more objective measure and would allow for an increased performance in experimentation. The Supplemental information to this manuscript contains an Excel file, which includes the code in Virtual Basic with freeware license, to process and visualize running data and automatically estimate the times to fatigue and exhaustion. Instructions for the software are also included.
Fabrication of calixarene-grafted bio-polymeric magnetic composites for magnetic solid phase extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water samples
Authors: Syed Yaacob Syed Fariq Fathullah , Mohd Jamil Arniza Khairani , Kamboh Muhammad Afzal , Wan Ibrahim Wan Aini , Mohamad Sharifah
Published: July 2018

Calixarene framework functionalized bio-polymeric magnetic composites (MSp-TDI-calix) were synthesized and utilized as magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) sorbent for the extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely indoprofen (INP), ketoprofen (KTP), ibuprofen (IBP) and fenoprofen (FNP), from environmental water samples. MSp-TDI-calix was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, VSM and BET analysis, and the results were compared with Sp-TDI and Sp-TDI-calix. To maximize the extraction performance of MSp-TDI-calix decisive MSPE affective parameters such as sorbent amount, extraction time, sample volume, type of organic eluent, volume of organic eluent, desorption time and pH were comprehensively optimized prior to HPLC-DAD determination. The analytical validity of the proposed MSPE method was evaluated under optimized conditions and the following figures of merit were acquired: linearity with good determination coefficient (R2 ≥ 0.991) over the concentration range of 0.5–500 µg/L, limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.06–0.26 µg/L and limits of quantitation (LOQ) between 0.20–0.89 µg/L. Excellent reproducibility and repeatability under harsh environment with inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviations were obtained in the range of 2.5–3.2% and 2.4–3.9% respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for analysis of NSAIDs in tap water, drinking water and river water with recovery efficiency ranging from 88.1–115.8% with %RSD of 1.6–4.6%.
Kappa opioid receptor antagonism: Are opioids the answer for treatment resistant depression?
Authors: Peckham Alyssa M. , De La Cruz Austin , Dufresne Robert L.
Published: July 2018

Introduction:

Past trials of buprenorphine (BUP) in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) have displayed favorable results, although its clinical utility was limited by the risk of abuse or physical dependence. By combining BUP with samidorphan (SAM), the euphoric high is negated by an opposing mechanism, which theoretically reduces addictive-like properties while allowing the antidepressant properties to remain. As such, the objective of this article is to analyze the results of BUP/SAM premarketing clinical trials as adjunctive treatment for treatment-resistant MDD.

Methods:

A comprehensive PubMed/MEDLINE search was conducted through November 9, 2017, using the following search terms: depression, samidorphan, buprenorphine, ALKS-5461. Additional data were obtained from Clinicaltrials.gov and resources included in the present study. All English-language clinical trials evaluating the combination of BUP/SAM in the treatment of MDD were included.

Results:

A few premarketing studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of BUP/SAM combination as adjunctive treatment in patients with treatment-resistant MDD. The FORWARD-1 through FORWARD-5 trials concluded (1) the most effective dosing ratio of BUP/SAM to reduce abuse potential was 1:1; (2) statistically significant changes in scores from baseline on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale were noted for the 2 mg/2 mg dose compared with placebo; and (3) the most commonly reported adverse effects were nausea, dizziness, and fatigue.

Discussion:

Buprenorphine/samidorphan has shown favorable results for efficacy and tolerability in premarketing studies evaluating its use as adjunctive therapy for treatment-resistant MDD. Its novel mechanism targeting the opioid pathway may serve as a promising antidepressant devoid of abuse potential.
Important drug interaction involving phenytoin and quetiapine
Authors: Thomas Michele , DiPaula Bethany A. , Grimm Beverley
Published: July 2018

Objective:

To describe a patient case in which a drug interaction involving quetiapine and phenytoin resulted in an absence of clinical response and serum quetiapine levels below the point of detection.

Case Summary:

This patient was on concurrent phenytoin, valproic acid, and quetiapine therapy for 10 months. Prior to discontinuing phenytoin, a serum quetiapine level was found to be less than 10 ng/mL. It took approximately 1 month after phenytoin's discontinuation for quetiapine levels to attain measurable concentrations. The patient's clinical response to quetiapine improved significantly after this interaction resolved.

Discussion:

Phenytoin is an inducer of cytochrome P450 3A4, and quetiapine is a substrate of this enzyme. Patients on concurrent phenytoin and quetiapine therapy may require monitoring of quetiapine concentrations, which is often not routine practice, as this drug interaction can result in a clinically significant reduction in quetiapine levels contributing to a lack of efficacy.
Early detection of potential errors during patient treatment planning
Authors: Lack Danielle , Liang Jian , Benedetti Lisa , Knill Cory , Yan Di
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Data errors caught late in treatment planning require time to correct, resulting in delays up to 1 week. In this work, we identify causes of data errors in treatment planning and develop a software tool that detects them early in the planning workflow.

Methods

Two categories of errors were studied: data transfer errors and TPS errors. Using root cause analysis, the causes of these errors were determined. This information was incorporated into a software tool which uses ODBC‐SQL service to access TPS's Postgres and Mosaiq MSSQL databases for our clinic. The tool then uses a read‐only FTP service to scan the TPS unix file system for errors. Detected errors are reviewed by a physicist. Once confirmed, clinicians are notified to correct the error and educated to prevent errors in the future. Time‐cost analysis was performed to estimate the time savings of implementing this software clinically.

Results

The main errors identified were incorrect patient entry, missing image slice, and incorrect DICOM tag for data transfer errors and incorrect CT‐density table application, incorrect image as reference CT, and secondary image imported to incorrect patient for TPS errors. The software has been running automatically since 2015. In 2016, 84 errors were detected with the most frequent errors being incorrect patient entry (35), incorrect CT‐density table (17), and missing image slice (16). After clinical interventions to our planning workflow, the number of errors in 2017 decreased to 44. Time savings in 2016 with the software is estimated to be 795 h. This is attributed to catching errors early and eliminating the need to replan cases.

Conclusions

New QA software detects errors during planning, improving the accuracy and efficiency of the planning process. This important QA tool focused our efforts on the data communication processes in our planning workflow that need the most improvement.
Mapt deletion fails to rescue premature lethality in two models of sodium channel epilepsy
Authors: Chen Chunling , Holth Jerrah K. , Bunton‐Stasyshyn Rosie , Anumonwo Charles K. , Meisler Miriam H. , Noebels Jeffrey L. , Isom Lori L.
Published: July 2018

Deletion of Mapt, encoding the microtubule‐binding protein Tau, prevents disease in multiple genetic models of hyperexcitability. To investigate whether the effect of Tau depletion is generalizable across multiple sodium channel gene‐linked models of epilepsy, we examined the Scn1b−/− mouse model of Dravet syndrome, and the Scn8aN1768D/+ model of Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy. Both models display severe seizures and early mortality. We found no prolongation of survival between Scn1b−/−,Mapt+/+, Scn1b−/−,Mapt+/−, or Scn1b−/−,Mapt−/− mice or between Scn8aN1768D/+,Mapt+/+, Scn8aN1768D/+,Mapt+/−, or Scn8aN1768D/+,Mapt−/− mice. Thus, the effect of Mapt deletion on mortality in epileptic encephalopathy models is gene specific and provides further mechanistic insight.
Self‐Powered Hall Vehicle Sensors Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Guo Tong , Zhao Junqing , Liu Wenbo , Liu Guoxu , Pang Yaokun , Bu Tianzhao , Xi Fengben , Zhang Chi , Li Xinjian
Published: July 2018

Growing demand in automobile safety system raises a requirement to electronic devices being self‐powered, stable, and durable. Herein, a self‐powered Hall vehicle sensor (SPHVS) is demonstrated for automobile safety system, which integrates the triboelectric nanogenerator, the management circuit, the magnet, and the Hall element. The tribotronic constant current source is proposed to steadily power the Hall element in rotational motion at any different speeds. Furthermore, the performances of the SPHVS for vehicle speed sensing and vehicle braking monitoring are systematically investigated, which exhibits wide sensing range, great stability, and excellent sensitivity. This work clearly proposes a promising solution for speed sensing and braking monitoring, and indicates the potential applications of power tribotronics for the self‐powered electronic devices in prospective automobile industry.
Excitation of Bloch Surface Waves on an Optical Fiber Tip
Authors: Scaravilli Michele , Micco Alberto , Castaldi Giuseppe , Coppola Giuseppe , Gioffrè Mariano , Iodice Mario , La Ferrara Vera , Galdi Vincenzo , Cusano Andrea
Published: July 2018

The integration of structures supporting Bloch surface waves (BSWs) with optical fibers is highly desirable, since it would enable the development of high‐figure‐of‐merit miniaturized all‐fiber optrodes, opening new pathways within the “lab‐on‐fiber” roadmap. Here, the first experimental demonstration of grating‐assisted excitation of BSWs on the tip of single‐mode fibers in the near‐infrared region is provided. This is attained via fabrication of a 1D diffraction grating on the fiber facet, and subsequent deposition of a 1D photonic crystal. In spite of a resonance broadening due to grating‐induced morphological perturbations, the measured Q‐factor of 50 is still higher than typical lab‐on‐tip plasmonic‐probe benchmarks. With a view toward biomolecular sensing, a surface sensitivity of 1.22 nm nm−1 of homogeneous overlay deposited over the active region, which is in line with most plasmonic optrodes largely used in connection with optical fibers, is evaluated. The results also highlight the current limitations and the challenges to face for the development of advanced BSW‐based fiber‐tip platforms for biological sensing applications.
Ligandless Copper‐Catalyzed Carboborylation of Heteroatom‐Substituted Alkynes
Authors: Liu Shiwen , Zeng Xiaojun , Xu Bo
Published: July 2018

We have developed an efficient ligand‐free copper‐catalyzed regio‐ and stereoselective carbo‐borylation of heteroatom‐substituted internal alkynes using bis(pinacolato)diboron as boron source and alkyl halides as an electrophile. Both chemical yields and functional group tolerance are excellent. Our method provides an efficient synthesis of tri‐ and tetra‐substituted alkenylboronates which could be further transformed to highly substituted alkenes via subsequent cross‐coupling reactions in one pot.

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