bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marginal Communities in Drought-prone Regions: The Role of NGOs in Watershed Development in South India
Authors: Kasi Eswarappa
Published: March 2015

In the last few years a participatory watershed program is being implemented in the state of Andhra Pradesh. At present, the Andhra Pradesh Rural Livelihoods Project (APRLP) seeks to scale up the ongoing watershed program activities in the state by providing support in the areas of capacity building, livelihood support, and the provision of other schemes and services to the persons and organizations involved. This article is the outcome of the writer’s field work in Andhra Pradesh. Using a livelihoods approach, the author reveals that the lives of marginal communities have radically changed as a result of the introduction of watershed programs in the drought-prone areas of this region.
Gender and Globalization
Authors: Guenther Julia
Published: March 2015

It is evident that globalization is making the world smaller and more interconnected through online communications, forced and voluntary migration, trafficking, tourism, and transnational companies and non-governmental organizations. It brings about a different consciousness and “symbolizes a world in motion providing people with resources to new ways of being human in the fast changing world.” But what does globalization mean for marginalized people, such as, Dalit and tribal women, religious and sexual minorities in urban and rural India who do not have access to resources or whose resources are limited or even destroyed by globalizing processes and/or excluded from certain development processes? How do these marginalized groups perceive globalization? It is evident that since India has opened its market in the 1990s, people of all regions, religions, classes, castes, and gender have experienced changes in their working and living situation. Globalization, however, does not have the same effect on a Dalit woman as it has on a Muslim woman. The differences of their marginalization result in a different globalization impact. This article discusses these differences and provides a feminist analysis of globalization. Furthermore, it argues that power relations play an important role in conceptualizing marginalization in both urban and rural India.
Smokey the Bear Should Come to the Beach
Authors: Hayden Daniel , Dills Benjamin
Published: March 2015

There is an open question among conservation practitioners regarding whether using flagship specifies to market marine conservation is less effective than using terrestrial species in the terrestrial context. A flagship species is a species selected to act as an ambassador, icon, or symbol for a defined habitat, issue, campaign, or environmental cause. A mascot species has many of the same attributes as a flagship species, but is selected for its communications value instead of its ecological value. Our research indicates that mascot species can be as effective a marketing tool for marine conservation as they have been for terrestrial conservation. Based on our study, there is no evidence that the use of marine mascot species or that confront threats based on fishing and harvesting of aquatic resources perform any differently from other social marketing campaigns that address terrestrial issues.
Randomized phase 2 study of GMI-1070 in SCD: reduction in time to resolution of vaso-occlusive events and decreased opioid use
Authors: Telen Marilyn J. , Wun Ted , McCavit Timothy L. , De Castro Laura M. , Krishnamurti Lakshmanan , Lanzkron Sophie , Hsu Lewis L. , Smith Wally R. , Rhee Seungshin , Magnani John L. , Thackray Helen
Published: March 2015

Key Points

GMI-1070 led to statistically insignificant but large reductions in time to resolution of VOC and a significant reduction in opioid use. These results support a role for selectins in VOC and progression to a phase 3 study of GMI-1070 for SCD patients with vaso-occlusion.
Correction of the sickle cell disease mutation in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Hoban Megan D. , Cost Gregory J. , Mendel Matthew C. , Romero Zulema , Kaufman Michael L. , Joglekar Alok V. , Ho Michelle , Lumaquin Dianne , Gray David , Lill Georgia R. , Cooper Aaron R. , Urbinati Fabrizia , Senadheera Shantha , Zhu Allen , Liu Pei-Qi , Paschon David E. , Zhang Lei , Rebar Edward J. , Wilber Andrew , Wang Xiaoyan , Gregory Philip D. , Holmes Michael C. , Reik Andreas , Hollis Roger P. , Kohn Donald B.
Published: March 2015

Key Points

Delivery of ZFNs and donor templates results in high levels of gene correction in human CD34+ cells from multiple sources, including SCD BM. Modified CD34+ cells are capable of engrafting immunocompromised NSG mice and produce cells from multiple lineages.
CD10 delineates a subset of human IL-4 producing follicular helper T cells involved in the survival of follicular lymphoma B cells
Authors: Amé-Thomas Patricia , Hoeller Sylvia , Artchounin Catherine , Misiak Jan , Braza Mounia Sabrina , Jean Rachel , Le Priol Jérôme , Monvoisin Céline , Martin Nadine , Gaulard Philippe , Tarte Karin
Published: March 2015

Key Points

CD10 identifies a unique subset of fully functional germinal center TFH that are activated and amplified within the FL cell niche. FL CD10pos TFH specifically display an IL-4hiIFN-γlo cytokine profile and encompass the malignant B-cell-supportive TFH subset.
Detection of acute traumatic coagulopathy and massive transfusion requirements by means of rotational thromboelastometry: an international prospective validation study
Authors: Hagemo Jostein S , Christiaans Sarah C , Stanworth Simon J , Brohi Karim , Johansson Pär I , Goslings J Carel , Naess Paal A , Gaarder Christine
Published: March 2015

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate the findings of a smaller cohort study on the functional definition and characteristics of acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC). We also aimed to identify the threshold values for the most accurate identification of ATC and prediction of massive transfusion (MT) using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) assays.

Methods

In this prospective international multicentre cohort study, adult trauma patients who met the local criteria for full trauma team activation from four major trauma centres were included. Blood was collected on arrival to the emergency department and analyzed with laboratory international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen concentration and two ROTEM assays (EXTEM and FIBTEM). ATC was defined as laboratory INR >1.2. Transfusion requirements of ≥10 units of packed red blood cells within 24 hours were defined as MT. Performance of the tests were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves, and calculation of area under the curve (AUC). Optimal cutoff points were estimated based on Youden index.

Results

In total, 808 patients were included in the study. Among the ROTEM parameters, the largest AUCs were found for the clot amplitude (CA) 5 value in both the EXTEM and FIBTEM assays. EXTEM CA5 threshold value of ≤37 mm had a detection rate of 66.3% for ATC. An EXTEM CA5 threshold value of ≤40 mm predicted MT in 72.7%. FIBTEM CA5 threshold value of ≤8 mm detected ATC in 67.5%, and a FIBTEM CA5 threshold value ≤9 mm predicted MT in 77.5%. Fibrinogen concentration ≤1.6 g/L detected ATC in 73.6% and a fibrinogen concentration ≤1.90 g/L predicted MT in 77.8%. Patients with either an EXTEM or FIBTEM CA5 below the optimum detection threshold for ATC received significantly more packed red blood cells and plasma.

Conclusions

This study confirms previous findings of ROTEM CA5 as a valid marker for ATC and predictor for MT. With optimum threshold for EXTEM CA5 ≤ 40 mm and FIBTEM CA5 ≤ 9 mm, sensitivity is 72.7% and 77.5% respectively. Future investigations should evaluate the role of repeated viscoelastic testing in guiding haemostatic resuscitation in trauma.
Hypersensitivity to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): classification of a Danish patient cohort according to EAACI/ENDA guidelines
Authors: Nissen Christoffer V , Bindslev‐Jensen Carsten , Mortz Charlotte G
Published: March 2015

Background

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are reported to be the second most common cause of drug hypersensitivity. In 2011, experts from the EAACI/ENDA group and GA2LEN proposed a new classification system for NSAID hypersensitivity. The aim of this study was to classify a patient cohort with a history of NSAID hypersensitivity according to this system.

Methods

Patients with a clinical history of NSAID hypersensitivity referred to the Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital between 2002 and 2011 and evaluated with oral provocation tests (OPTs) were included in the study. Medical records were retrospectively investigated with respect to the culprit NSAID(s), underlying diseases and symptoms at the primary reaction and during oral provocation tests (OPTs). Data was supplemented with a questionnaire. Classification according to EAACI guideline was based on these findings.

Results

In total 149 patients were included. Of those, 39 patients (26.2%) had a positive OPT. Twenty‐nine patients were classified as cross‐reactive responders and 9 patients as single NSAID responders after positive OPTs with the culprit NSAID, but not to acetylsalicylic acid. All single NSAID responders reacted to non‐pyrazolone drugs. Only one patient could not be classified according to the EAACI/ENDA system. An overlap between respiratory and cutaneous symptoms was found in 15/39 (38%) of patients.

Conclusions

All but one of our patients could be classified according to the EAACI classification system. Overlaps between different classes may occur much more commonly than expected.
The ACCESS study: Zelen randomised controlled trial of a package
of care for people presenting to hospital after self-harm
Authors: Hatcher Simon , Sharon Cynthia , House Allan , Collins Nicola , Collings Sunny , Pillai Avinesh
Published: March 2015

Background

The problem of people presenting to hospitals with self-harm is important
because such presentations are common, there is a clear link to suicide
and a high premature mortality. However, the best treatment for this
population is unclear.

Aims

To see whether a package of measures, that included regular postcards and
problem-solving therapy, improved outcomes at 1 year compared with usual
care in people who presented to hospital with self-harm (the ACCESS
study: trial registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials
Registry ACTRN12609000641291).

Method

The design of the study was a Zelen randomised controlled trial. The
primary outcome was re-presentation to hospital with self-harm within 12
months of the index episode.

Results

There were no significant differences in the primary outcome and most of
the secondary outcomes between the two groups. About half the people
offered problem-solving therapy did not receive it, for various
reasons.

Conclusions

The package as offered had little effect on the proportion of people
re-presenting to hospital with self-harm. The dose of problem-solving
therapy may have been too small to have an effect and there was a
difficulty engaging participants in active treatment.
Neural responses to dynamic multimodal stimuli and
pathology-specific impairments of social cognition in schizophrenia and
depression
Authors: Regenbogen Christina , Kellermann Thilo , Seubert Janina , Schneider Daniel A. , Gur Raquel E. , Derntl Birgit , Schneider Frank , Habel Ute
Published: March 2015

Background

Individuals with schizophrenia and people with depression both show
abnormal behavioural and neural responses when perceiving and responding
to emotional stimuli, but pathology-specific differences and
commonalities remain mostly unclear.

Aims

To directly compare empathic responses to dynamic multimodal emotional
stimuli in a group with schizophrenia and a group with depression, and to
investigate their neural correlates using functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI).

Method

The schizophrenia group (n = 20), the depression group
(n = 24) and a control group (n =
24) were presented with portrait-shot video clips expressing emotion
through three possible communication channels: facial expression, prosody
and content. Participants rated their own and the actor's emotional state
as an index of empathy.

Results

Although no group differences were found in empathy ratings,
characteristic differences emerged in the fMRI activation patterns. The
schizophrenia group demonstrated aberrant activation patterns during the
neutral speech content condition in regions implicated in multimodal
integration and formation of semantic constructs. Those in the depression
group were most affected during conditions with trimodal emotional and
trimodal neutral stimuli, in key regions of the mentalising network.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal characteristic differences in patients with
schizophrenia compared with those with depression in their cortical
responses to dynamic affective stimuli. These differences indicate that
impairments in responding to emotional stimuli may be caused by
pathology-specific problems in social cognition.
An integrated biopsychosocial model of childhood maltreatment and psychosis
Authors: Barker Victoria , Gumley Andrew , Schwannauer Matthias , Lawrie Stephen M.
Published: March 2015

There is now a well-established link between childhood maltreatment and psychosis. It is, however, unclear what the mechanisms are by which this occurs. Here, we propose a pathway linking the experience of childhood maltreatment with biological changes in the brain and suggest a psychological intervention to ameliorate its effects.
Assessing early-onset hallucinations in the touch-screen
generation
Authors: Demeulemeester Morgane , Kochman Fréderic , Fligans Benjamin , Tabet Ahmed J. , Thomas Pierre , Jardri Renaud
Published: March 2015

The increasing development of apps for digital devices provides an
opportunity for new instruments to assess hallucinations in young
individuals. Here we present the Multisensory HAllucinations Scale for
Children (MHASC), dedicated to assessing complex early-onset hallucinations.
The MHASC will soon be translated into multilanguage versions with the
support of the International Consortium of Hallucination Research.
Classical and Membrane-Initiated Estrogen Signaling in an In Vitro Model of Anterior Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Neurons
Authors: Mittelman-Smith Melinda A. , Wong Angela M. , Kathiresan Anupama S. Q. , Micevych Paul E.
Published: March 2015

The neuropeptide kisspeptin is essential for sexual maturation and reproductive function. In particular, kisspeptin-expressing neurons in the anterior rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle are generally recognized as mediators of estrogen positive feedback for the surge release of LH, which stimulates ovulation. Estradiol induces kisspeptin expression in the neurons of the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle but suppresses kisspeptin expression in neurons of the arcuate nucleus that regulate estrogen-negative feedback. To focus on the intracellular signaling and response to estradiol underlying positive feedback, we used mHypoA51 cells, an immortalized line of kisspeptin neurons derived from adult female mouse hypothalamus. mHypoA51 neurons express estrogen receptor (ER)-α, classical progesterone receptor (PR), and kisspeptin, all key elements of estrogen-positive feedback. As with kisspeptin neurons in vivo, 17β-estradiol (E2) induced kisspeptin and PR in mHypoA51s. The ERα agonist, 1,3,5-Tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1H-pyrazole, produced similar increases in expression, indicating that these events were mediated by ERα. However, E2-induced PR up-regulation required an intracellular ER, whereas kisspeptin expression was stimulated through a membrane ER activated by E2 coupled to BSA. These data suggest that anterior hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons integrate both membrane-initiated and classical nuclear estrogen signaling to up-regulate kisspeptin and PR, which are essential for the LH surge.
The Melanocortin-4 Receptor Integrates Circadian Light Cues and Metabolism
Authors: Arble Deanna M. , Holland Jenna , Ottaway Nickki , Sorrell Joyce , Pressler Joshua W. , Morano Rachel , Woods Stephen C. , Seeley Randy J. , Herman James P. , Sandoval Darleen A. , Perez-Tilve Diego
Published: March 2015

The melanocortin system directs diverse physiological functions from coat color to body weight homoeostasis. A commonality among melanocortin-mediated processes is that many animals modulate similar processes on a circannual basis in response to longer, summer days, suggesting an underlying link between circadian biology and the melanocortin system. Despite key neuroanatomical substrates shared by both circadian and melanocortin-signaling pathways, little is known about the relationship between the two. Here we identify a link between circadian disruption and the control of glucose homeostasis mediated through the melanocortin-4 receptor (Mc4r). Mc4r-deficient mice exhibit exaggerated circadian fluctuations in baseline blood glucose and glucose tolerance. Interestingly, exposure to lighting conditions that disrupt circadian rhythms improve their glucose tolerance. This improvement occurs through an increase in glucose clearance by skeletal muscle and is food intake and body weight independent. Restoring Mc4r expression to the paraventricular nucleus prevents the improvement in glucose tolerance, supporting a role for the paraventricular nucleus in the integration of circadian light cues and metabolism. Altogether these data suggest that Mc4r signaling plays a protective role in minimizing glucose fluctuations due to circadian rhythms and environmental light cues and demonstrate a previously undiscovered connection between circadian biology and glucose metabolism mediated through the melanocortin system.
Kingpins, Bottlenecks, and Value Dynamics Along a Sector
Authors: Jacobides Michael G. , Tae C. Jennifer
Published: March 2015

This paper explores the dynamics of value distribution within a sector, using data on the U.S. computer industry as an illustration. It provides exploratory quantitative evidence for the way in which conditions within the segments of a sector’s value chain affect the profitability of those segments compared with the sector as a whole. To consider how value shifts from one part of the sector (such as computer assemblers) to another (such as software and microprocessor makers), we look at how conditions within a segment (such as software developers) affect changes in the value share of that segment compared with the entire sector in terms of market capitalization. We find that the presence of what we call “kingpins”—firms with superior capabilities, modeled in our study as having superior market capitalization and as being disproportionately important in terms of research and development (R&D)—is correlated with a higher share of total sector value, suggesting that kingpins can help a segment to become a “bottleneck.” Sales concentration and the level of R&D expenditure are not always reliable predictors. Kingpins exert a positive externality on their direct competitors, yet their segments display increasing internal inequality over time, making the presence of kingpins a double-edged sword for their peers. Our findings extend recent work on industry architectures, highlighting the interconnectedness of different segments within a sector. They also provide a structure to help study the dynamics of “value migration,” which has not yet attracted much academic scrutiny.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PVA NANOFIBER TEXTILES WITH INCORPORATED NANODIAMONDS, COPPER AND SILVER IONS
Authors: Indrová Kateřina , Prošek Zdeněk , Topič Jaroslav , Ryparová Pavla , Nežerka Václav , Tesárek Pavel
Published: March 2015

The unique properties of nanotextiles based on poly(vinyl-alcohol) (PVA) manufactured using electrospinning method have been known and exploited for many years. Recently, the enrichment of nanofiber textiles with nanoparticles, such as ions or nanodiamond particles (NDP), has become a popular way to modify the textile mechanical, chemical and physical properties. The aim of our study is to investigate the macromechanical properties of PVA nanotextiles enriched with NDP, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) ions. The nanofiber textiles of a various surface weight were prepared from 16% PVA solution, while glyoxal and phosphoric acid were used as cross-linking agents. The copper and silver ions were diluted in aqueous solution and NDP were dispersed into the fibers by ultrasound homogenization. All but one set of samples were exposed to the temperature of 140 °C for 10 minutes. The samples without thermal stabilization exhibited significantly lower elastic stiffness and tensile strength. Moreover, the results of tensile testing indicate that the addition of dispersed nanoparticles has a minor effect on the mechanical properties of textiles and contributes rather to their reinforcement. On the other hand, the lack of thermal stabilization results in a poor interconnection of individual nanofiber layers and the non-stabilized textiles exhibit a lower elastic stiffness and reduced tensile strength.
OPERATION MODES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PLASMA DIPOLE ANTENNA
Authors: Bogachev Nikolay Nikolaevich , Bogdankevich Irina L. , Gusein-Zade Namik G. , Sergeychev Konstantin F.
Published: March 2015

Existence modes of  surface electromagnetic wave on a plasma cylinder, operating modes and characteristics of the plasma antenna were studied in this paper. Solutions of the dispersion equation of surface wave were obtained for a plasma cylinder with finite radius for different plasma density values. Operation modes of the plasma asymmetric dipole antenna with finite length and radius were researched by numerical simulation. The electric field distributions of  the plasma antenna in near antenna field and the radiation pattern were obtained. These characteristics were compared to characteristics of the similar metal antenna. Numerical models verification was carried out by comparing of the counted and measured metal antenna radiation patterns.
EFFECT OF PVA MODIFICATION ON PROPERTIES OF CEMENT COMPOSITES
Authors: Topič Jaroslav , Prošek Zdeněk , Indrová Kateřina , Plachý Tomáš , Nežerka Václav , Kopecký Lubomír , Tesárek Pavel
Published: March 2015

Polymers are used for modification of the cement-based composites and others building materials since the thirties of 20th century. Based on the conclusions of recent studies, it is assumed that even water soluble polymers could be used as an admixture for such modification. Currently, there exist and are exploited several possibilities for polymer modification of mortars, wood-based products or bituminous asphalts. Various options differ in the way of modification, which can be basically applied to the entire volume or just a surface, but also in the form of the polymer used – either in the form of solution or fibers. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of volume modification by the water soluble polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), on the properties of cement paste and find an optimum additive. It turned out that the addition of PVA solution into fresh cement paste results in an increase of porosity and therefore a stiffness and compressive strength reduction. On the other hand, the bending strength of PVA-rich specimens was significantly higher and their water absorption decreased, which may consequently result in enhanced frost resistance.
Otakismus
Authors: Manfé Michael
Published: March 2015

Die Möglichkeit, neue Medienwirklichkeiten zu kreieren, verändert die menschlichen Sozialbeziehungen. Selbsteinschließung und Teilnahmeverweigerung avancieren zu einer Strategie der Lebensbewältigung. Meister dieser besonders in Japan in zunehmendem Maße zu beobachtenden Lebensform sind obsessiv-schizophrene Mediennutzer - Otakus genannt. Erstmals liegt nun eine deutschsprachige Monografie zu Otakismus vor. Durch einen Wechsel des Blickwinkels innerhalb der Studie werden negative Konnotationen aufgezeigt und überholte Sichtweisen verlassen. Denn - so das Credo des Autors - Medientechniken entfremden ihre Nutzer nicht nur, sondern sind auch Bedingung für Freiheit.
Prekarisierung
Authors: Motakef Mona
Published: March 2015

»Prekarisierung« ist zum Schlüsselbegriff soziologischer Zeitdiagnostik und Gesellschaftskritik avanciert. Eng gefasst zielt er auf die Erosion von »Normalarbeit«. In erweiterter Fassung bezeichnet er grundlegende Verwundbarkeiten durch ungesicherte Arbeits- und Lebensverhältnisse. Doch was genau ist prekär geworden? Und wer ist auf welche Art und Weise von Prekarisierung betroffen? Diese Fragen sind in sozialen Bewegungen, Politik und Wissenschaft umkämpft. Mona Motakef stellt erstmals die Vielfalt der Diagnosen zu Prekarisierung einführend vor und verbindet Ansätze der Arbeits- und Industriesoziologie, der Geschlechterforschung/Queer Studies und des (Post-)Operaismus.
Die Kunst des Möglichen III
Authors: Hubig Christoph
Published: March 2015

Inwieweit sind unsere Handlungsvollzüge und ihre Ordnungen durch Technik bedingt? Nachdem Christoph Hubig die Ermöglichungsfunktion der Technik freigelegt (Band I) und eine Moral für den Umgang mit technischen Möglichkeiten entwickelt hat (Band II), entwirft er nun in diesem (eigenständig lesbaren) Band III in kritischer Auseinandersetzung mit Foucault und der Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie ein technikadäquates Machtkonzept. Jenseits eines »Technikdeterminismus« oder der Behauptung einer eigendynamischen Technikevolution steht dabei der Unterschied zwischen einer Strukturdynamik und einer Netzdynamik im Vordergrund. Zudem werden die Erträge dieser Modellierung für die Frage eines Wandels von Autonomie und (ethischer) Kontrolle geltend gemacht.
Modenschauen
Authors: Kühl Alicia
Published: March 2015

Wie kommt das Neue der Mode auf die Welt? Alicia Kühl zeigt, dass das Neue nicht mehr im Modedesign, sondern im Modenschaudesign behauptet wird. In ihrer modetheoretisch fundierten Arbeit, für die sie zudem Theorien des Performativen, des Raumes, der Atmosphären und des Neuen hinzuzieht, untersucht sie Modenschauen ausgewählter Haute-Couture-und Prêt-à-porter-Designer_innen der letzten 30 Jahre und zeichnet nach, inwieweit die in ihnen erzeugten Atmosphären als Lösung einer vestimentären »Inventionsbredouille« eingesetzt werden. Die Studie hinterfragt erstmals die Funktion und Position der Modenschau innerhalb des Modezyklus, was auch eine Neubewertung der Rolle der Kleidung nach sich zieht.
Medizin zwischen Markt und Moral
Authors: Karsch Fabian
Published: March 2015

Der Arztberuf ist kein Gewerbe. So sieht es die ärztliche Berufsordnung vor. Entsprechend kontrovers wird die Kommerzialisierung von Gesundheitsleistungen diskutiert. Führt die Kommerzialisierung der Medizin dazu, dass der Zugang zu notwendigen Leistungen zunehmend von der Zahlungsbereitschaft und -fähigkeit der Patienten bestimmt wird? Treibt die Ausweitung der Lifestyle-Medizin die Medikalisierung der Gesellschaft voran? Fabian Karsch geht den Deutungskämpfen und medizinischen Diskursen um die Identität des Berufsstandes nach, die zeigen, wie eine Profession um ihr Selbstbild, ihre Außenwirkung und ihre innere moralische Grundkonstitution kämpft.
HipHop zwischen Istanbul und Berlin
Authors: Kaya Verda
Published: March 2015

Berlin - Istanbul: zwei Metropolen, in denen deutschtürkische und türkische Jugendliche die Kultur des HipHop in unterschiedlicher Art rezipiert und dabei eigene Stile hervorgebracht haben. Auf Grundlage einer intensiven Vor-Ort-Recherche zeigt Verda Kaya auf, wie sich HipHop entlang der transnationalen Beziehungen zwischen beiden Städten entwickelt hat, und lenkt den Blick auf gesellschaftliche Unterschiede und das Wechselspiel zwischen Identifikation und Grenzziehung. Zu Wort kommen Rap-Pioniere wie Fuat, Ceza, Aziza A., Sagopa Kajmer, Tunç Dindas, Sultan Tunç und Erci E., aber auch DJs, Produzenten, Senatsangestellte und weitere Akteure.
Der effiziente Mensch
Authors: Roth-Ebner Caroline
Published: March 2015

Welchen Einfluss hat die Nutzung digitaler Medien auf die Wahrnehmung von und den Umgang mit Raum und Zeit bei der Arbeit? Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage untersucht Caroline Roth-Ebner das Zusammenspiel zwischen Mediennutzung und sozialen Praktiken im Büroalltag. Sie stellt die Existenz eines Idealtypus des »effizienten Menschen« fest, der nach einer effizienten Gestaltung seiner Arbeit strebt, um ein Maximum an Aufgaben bewältigen zu können. Digitale Medien werden dabei zu Werkzeugen, um Arbeit effizient planen, durchführen, archivieren und evaluieren zu können.
Die Erforschung der Kolonien
Authors: Gräbel Carsten
Published: March 2015

Was machten Geographen auf Expeditionen in den deutschen Kolonien? Wie bewältigten sie dort den Alltag und die Forschungsroutinen? Wer unterstützte sie logistisch und finanziell und wie entwickelten sie aus Beobachtungen und Messungen objektive Tatsachenbehauptungen? Erstmals entwirft der Geograph und Historiker Carsten Gräbel ein kritisches wie vielschichtiges Panorama der geographischen Kolonialforschung. Er zeigt: Die Kolonien waren für Geographen ein topographischer Raum, den es zu durchqueren, zu kartieren und nach den Regeln der geographischen Wissenschaft zu erforschen galt - zugleich handelte es sich um einen mit politischen Emotionen und ökonomischen Erwartungen aufgeladenen Zukunftsraum.
Gemeinwohl und Seelenheil
Authors: Cavuldak Ahmet
Published: March 2015

Das Prinzip der Trennung von Religion und Politik, das längst als Standardantwort auf die Frage nach der Legitimität der religionspolitischen Ordnung im demokratischen Verfassungsstaat gilt, wird in dieser Studie einer kritischen Überprüfung unterzogen. Ahmet Cavuldak rekonstruiert die Entstehungsgeschichte der religionspolitischen Ordnungen Frankreichs, der USA und Deutschlands entlang der wichtigsten Schwellenepochen und Aushandlungsprozesse. Anhand der Werke von Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Alexis de Tocqueville und Jürgen Habermas stellt er drei »exemplarische« Antworten auf die Frage nach dem rechten Verhältnis von Religion und Politik in der Demokratie vor. Diese ideengeschichtliche Auseinandersetzung mündet in eine systematische Diskussion der zur Rechtfertigung der Trennung von Religion und Politik genannten Gründe. Schließlich wird die Frage aufgeworfen, ob - und wenn ja, inwiefern - die religionspolitischen Lernprozesse des europäischen, lateinchristlich geprägten Erfahrungsraumes auf andere Regionen und Religionen der Welt übertragen werden können.
Spiel der Unsicherheit / Unsicherheit des Spiels
Authors: Allas Anu
Published: March 2015

Während das Verhältnis zwischen Zentrum und Peripherie heute in den Geisteswissenschaften neu bestimmt wird, bietet dieses Buch eine anregende Perspektive für die Untersuchung der künstlerischen Prozesse der 1960er Jahre. Anu Allas beschreibt den kulturellen Umbruch der 1960er Jahre am Rande der damaligen Sowjetunion mit Blick auf die Ambivalenz des spätsozialistischen kulturellen Milieus. Sie zeigt: Die Kunst- und Theaterexperimente in Estland wurden von der westlichen Neo-Avantgarde ebenso wie vom aktuellen Lebensumfeld beeinflusst und zeichneten sich durch ihre Affinität zum Spielphänomen und durch eine paradoxale Verknüpfung der Neo-Avantgarde zur existenzialistischen Philosophie aus.
Das Weltsozialforum
Authors: Schröder Christian
Published: March 2015

Das Weltsozialforum (WSF) ist das Relikt globalisierungskritischer Bewegungen der Jahrtausendwende. Auch über ein Jahrzehnt nach dem ersten WSF 2001 in Porto Alegre (Brasilien) ziehen die Protest-Events zehntausende Gegner_innen neoliberaler Weltordnung an. Mit seiner umfassenden ethnografischen Forschung verfolgt Christian Schröder die Spuren des WSF vom Ursprung bis zum WSF 2013 in Tunesien. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Frage, wie es dem WSF - anders als vielen anderen Bewegungen - gelingt, so lange fortzubestehen, ohne seinen Bewegungscharakter zu verlieren. Basierend auf umfangreichen Analysen wird das Prinzip der Transpoiesis herausgearbeitet, demzufolge Bewegungen dann überdauern, wenn sie zwischen Zerfall und Institutionalisierung oszillieren.
Der panoptische Blick
Authors: Pfafferott Christa
Published: March 2015

Eine Klinik für forensische Psychiatrie ist ein Ort, an dem Macht eindeutig verteilt zu sein scheint. Hier werden psychisch erkrankte Straftäter_innen nach den Bestimmungen des Paragrafen 63 StGB untergebracht, also auf »unbestimmte Zeit« und so lange, bis sie nicht mehr als »für die Allgemeinheit gefährlich« gelten. Christa Pfafferott untersucht anhand des von ihr produzierten Dokumentarfilms ANDERE WELT die reziproken Verflechtungen, die an diesem Ort Macht und Ohnmacht konstituieren. Die Analyse im Kontext von Michel Foucaults Überlegungen zum Modell des »Panopticons« zeigt, wie die Machtphänomene im hochgesicherten Mikrokosmos symptomatisch auch für das freie Außen stehen, in dem die Individuen durch Überwachung und Kontrolle zunehmend gefangen genommen werden.
Die Macht der Form
Authors: Auhser Ferdinand
Published: March 2015

Wie kann der Begriff »Information« philosophisch gefasst werden? Welche Rolle spielt Form als Wirklichkeit? Was hat Macht mit philosophisch verstandener Form und dem Wirken des Wirklichen zu tun? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen spannt Ferdinand Auhser einen Bogen von Aristoteles über Spinoza und Leibniz bis zu Nietzsche - verbunden mit dem Versuch, erhärtete philosophiehistorische Positionen und dogmatisierte Formen der Interpretation aufzubrechen, um den Weg einer Umkehrung des Platonismus im Sinne von Deleuze einzuschlagen. Welt und Kosmos werden dabei verstanden als immanente Metamorphosen, permanente Bewegungen, Ekstasen und Produkte einer immer wirkenden Dynamik, deren Wirklichkeiten Willen und Macht sind.
Transit-Orte in der Literatur
Authors: Wilhelmer Lars
Published: March 2015

Hotelzimmer, Bahnhöfe, Flughafenterminals: Orte wie diese sind längst Teil unseres Alltags. Es sind Transit-Orte - Orte, an denen wir uns aufhalten, ohne zu bleiben. Marc Augé nennt sie »Nicht-Orte«, Peter Sloterdijk »Niemandsorte«. Nichts und niemand also, worüber es zu schreiben lohnte? Das Gegenteil beweisen zahlreiche Autorinnen und Autoren der literarischen Moderne, die Transit-Orte zum Gegenstand und zum Moment der Strukturierung ihrer Texte machen. Lars Wilhelmer zeigt: Im Zeitalter von Globalisierung und Mobilität bieten diese Orte, verschmolzen zu hyperkulturellen Transit-Räumen, das, was konventionelle Orte längst nicht mehr bieten können - einen Halt, eine Zuflucht.
Climate Change Adaptation in South Korea
Authors: Schäfer Susann
Published: March 2015

Climate change will impact ecosystems and production processes. Thus, adaptation to climate change has become a prevalent concept in environmental politics worldwide. In South Korea, climate change is expected to be above the global average. As response, the South Korean government has initiated climate change adaptation in diverse sectors. In this book, the entire process, from formulation and development, implementation and reaction of involved people is examined in a particular sector, agriculture. Theoretically framed as an Actor-Network, this study highlights current developments of South Korean politics, the tensions of urban-periphery development, and the status of agriculture.
The Case of "Judith": Reflections on Combining a Psychoneurological Perspective Within a Client-Centered and Pluralistic Therapy Framework
Authors: Ward Tony , Hogan Kevin
Published: March 2015

In this article, we respond to three commentaries by King (2015), Hyer and Brandon (2015), and Webb (2015) concerning our case study of Judith  (Ward and Hogan, 2015). We organize our response in terms of five themes. First we discuss the positive features of the case study that   were identified, specifically, viewing Judith's case as a successful example of combining the client-centered approach with cognitive training. Second, we consider the various ideas put forward about why the case was successful. For example, Hyer and Brandon suggest that the client-centered approach was the essential catalyst that helped Judith effectively utilize the cognitive training.  Third we consider an issue common across the three commentaries, namely, the possible utility of additional neuropsychological testing and medical evidence. We acknowledge that such additional information might have been useful, but question its congruence with Cooper's and McLeod's (2011) "pluralistic psychotherapy" model that we employed, and the likely real-term benefits to the client. Fourth, we review the questions raised by the commentaries that  remain unanswered about this case. We suggest that despite not being able to be precise about the severity of Judith's head injury, it is clear that a significant injury did occur, resulting in considerable disruption Judith's work and family life.   Finally, we consider  what the overall contribution of Judith's case study might be.  We conclude by agreeing with King (2015) that, because cases like Judith's can derive great benefit from therapy, considerably more resources should be available for clients like her.
Neural modelling of growth hormone therapy for the prediction of therapy results
Authors: Smyczyńska Urszula , Smyczyńska Joanna , Tadeusiewicz Ryszard
Published: March 2015

In this paper, we presented the problem of predicting response to recombinant human growth hormone (GH) treatment in GH-deficient children. Such a prediction can be done by techniques of mathematical modelling and is important because the therapy consists of daily injections and is expensive; thus, it should be administered only to those patients who will, with high probability, benefit from it. Until now, the leading methodological approach to this problem was multiple regression analysis. Several authors demonstrated that it is possible to derive useful models by this method; however, it has some obvious limitations that can be avoided with the use of the proposed neural network approach.
AORTA software system for evaluating individual predisposition to atherosclerosis on the basis of genetic and phenotypic markers
Authors: Karpenko Anatoly , Kharlamov Valery , Sobenin Igor
Published: March 2015

This article deals with the AORTA software system providing support for research activities to find molecular basis for further assessment of individual predisposition to atherosclerosis. These studies are aimed at finding a relationship between somatic mutations of the mitochondrial genome in the aortic wall cells and the extent of atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta. A morphologist selects these areas on an aortic tissue sample and describes them, so that within each area, deviation of the quantitative indicator of atherosclerosis severity (phenotypic marker) from the area average should be sufficiently small. Next, the frequency and severity indicators of somatic mutations of the mitochondrial genome (genetic markers) are measured for each area and then entered into the AORTA system.
On the compactness in grand spaces
Authors: Rafeiro Humberto , Vargas Andrés
Published: March 2015

In this paper we study compactness of subsets of grand Lebesgue
spaces (also known as Iwaniec–Sbordone spaces) and grand Sobolev
spaces. Namely, we prove a Kolmogorov–Riesz compactness theorem for grand
Lebesgue spaces and the corresponding version of a result of Sudakov.
In addition, the validity of a Rellich–Kondrachov type compact embedding
is shown to hold in the context of grand Sobolev spaces.
Ultrasound-stimulated microbubble enhancement of radiation response
Authors: Czarnota Gregory J.
Published: March 2015

Cancer therapies result in the killing of cancer cells but remain largely ineffective, with most patients dying of their disease. The methodology described here is a new image-guided cancer treatment under development that relies on physical methods to alter tumour biology. It enhances tumour responses to radiation significantly by synergistically destroying tumour blood vessels using microbubbles. It achieves tumour specificity by confining the ultrasonic fields that stimulate microbubbles to tumour location only. By perturbing tumour vasculature and activating specific genetic pathways in endothelial cells, the technique has been demonstrated to sensitise the targeted tissues to subsequent therapeutic application of radiation, resulting in significantly enhanced cell killing through a ceramide-dependent pathway initiated at the cell membrane. The treatment reviewed here destroys blood vessels, significantly enhancing the anti-vascular effect of radiation and improving tumour cure. The significant enhancement of localised tumour cell kill observed with this method means that radiation-based treatments can be potentially made more potent and lower doses of radiation utilised. The technique has the potential to have a profound impact on the practice of radiation oncology by offering a novel and safe means of reducing normal tissue toxicity while at the same time significantly increasing treatment effectiveness.
Promoting self-discovery in the language classroom
Authors: Waring Hansun Zhang
Published: March 2015

Promoting self-discovery appears to be a general relevancy oriented to by participants not only in ordinary conversation (Schegloff et al., 1977) but also in various sorts of institutional encounters (e.g., Edwards & Stokoe, 2007). The push for self-repair, for example, is considered an important learning activity which may be inhibited or retarded by other-repair (van Lier, 1988; Ohta, 2000). The aim of this paper is to investigate the complexities of the practices utilized to accomplish promoting self-discovery in the language classroom. Based on a conversation analytic account of 30 hours of audio and video-recorded adult ESL (English as a Second Language) lessons, I show two ways in which promoting self-discovery may become problematic in its implementation. I argue that language instructors need to be sensitized to the delicate balance between promoting self-discovery and providing interactionally contingent help.
The round functions of KASUMI generate the alternating group
Authors: Sparr Rüdiger , Wernsdorf Ralph
Published: March 2015

We show that the round functions of the KASUMI block cipher for
odd and even round type generate the alternating group on the message space. Moreover, under the assumption of independent round keys, we prove that also the KASUMI two-round functions and the KASUMI encryption functions generate the alternating group.
Scholarly Communication in a Digital Environment: Populating the Institutional Repository of the University of Botswana
Authors: Oladokun Olugbade
Published: March 2015

This paper examines the numerous benefits of digital scholarly communication made visible through institutional repositories (IRs) that have become trendy in institutions of higher learning in developed countries of the world. In line with its vision to be a leading centre of academic excellence in Africa and the world, the University of Botswana (UB) established its own IR known as the UB Research, Innovation and Scholarship Archive (UBRISA). This paper discusses the challenges of profiling digital scholarly communication on UBRISA, a technology brimming with potential but which UB staff has largely ignored. The consequences of this neglect are seen in the paltry submissions to it during its four years of existence. The paper explains the implementation policy, and the involvement and functions of a tripartite team that drives UBRISA. The paper notes that the problem of tardiness experienced in populating the digital repositories of other institutions is also deeply rooted in UB. It shares some failed efforts made to populate UBRISA through the instrument of the performance management system – an annual contract which the academic staff members sign at the beginning of the year. The paper then analyses the efforts of the Scholarly Communication in Africa Programme (SCAP) that worked with UB in training its staff regarding the operation of the IR, and also established a workflow process for vetting, describing and uploading content to the IR so that UB scholarship could become more visible to the world. Some recommendations are also offered.
Mutual intelligibility of Dutch-German cognates by children: The devil is in the detail
Authors: Gooskens Charlotte , van Bezooijen Renée , van Heuven Vincent J.
Published: March 2015

Several studies (e.g., Ház 2005) have found German to be easier to understand for Dutch listeners than Dutch for German listeners. This asymmetry has been attributed to the fact that German is an obligatory subject in Dutch secondary school and that many Dutch people watch German television. In contrast, it is much less common for German children to learn Dutch at school and for German people to watch Dutch television. It cannot be excluded, however, that in addition to the extralinguistic factor of language contact, linguistic factors also play a role in the asymmetric intelligibility between German and Dutch. The present study aimed at gaining insight into the phonetic-phonological factors playing a role in Dutch-German intelligibility at the word level for speakers of the respective languages in a first confrontation (i.e., assuming no prior language contact).

We presented highly frequent Dutch and German cognate nouns, recorded by a perfect bilingual speaker, to Dutch and German children between 9 and 12 years in a word translation task. The German and Dutch children were comparable in that they did not know the other language or a related dialect and expressed equally positive attitudes towards the other language, its speakers and the country. It was thus ensured that language contact and language attitude could not play a role in the present study.

Our results revealed that the Dutch subjects were significantly better at understanding the German cognates (50.2% correct translations) than the German subjects were at understanding the Dutch cognates (41.9%). Since the relevant extra-linguistic factors had been excluded, the asymmetry must have a linguistic basis. A thorough analysis of the 16 cognate pairs with an asymmetry larger than 20% showed that (combinations of) neighbors (lexical competitors), phonetic detail and asymmetric perceptions of corresponding sounds play a major role in the explanation of the asymmetry.
Investigating word recognition in intercomprehension: Methods and findings
Authors: Möller Robert , Zeevaert Ludger
Published: March 2015

This article presents methods and findings from research on factors that determine the recognizability of cognate words in Germanic intercomprehension (more precisely: German speakers' reading comprehension in Germanic languages they have not learnt). Different types of written tests were carried out (free response, multiple choice, judgments on the probability of two words being cognates) in order to assess the importance of different aspects of linguistic similarity for the transparency of written cognates. Apart from the overall amount of differing segments of the cognate words, phonetic similarity between the differing segments – in particular an identical place of articulation – turned out to be most important, which can reflect either a spontaneous sense of similarity or familiarity with phenomena of variation between phonetically similar sounds. By adjusting similarity measuring to these results (weighted Levenshtein distance), it is possible, to a certain degree, to assess the transparency of cognates. Nevertheless, certain results could not be explained by phonetic similarity. Thus, recordings were made of subjects commenting on their way of proceeding in such tasks as well as in text decoding, which made clear that the subjects often attribute the same importance to other associations as they do to phonetic ones – even in the recognition of isolated words semantic connections in the mental lexicon are involved. In text context, the most frequent strategy seems to rely on an interplay of phonetic similarity and inference; however, in the subjects' reflections, the aspect of semantic probability manifestly overrides intuitions about phonetic similarity.