bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Lipid Gate for the Peripheral Control of Pain
Authors: Piomelli Daniele , Hohmann Andrea G. , Seybold Virginia , Hammock Bruce D.
Published: November 2014

Cells in injured and inflamed tissues produce a number of proalgesic lipid-derived mediators, which excite nociceptive neurons by activating selective G-protein-coupled receptors or ligand-gated ion channels. Recent work has shown that these proalgesic factors are counteracted by a distinct group of lipid molecules that lower nociceptor excitability and attenuate nociception in peripheral tissues. Analgesic lipid mediators include endogenous agonists of cannabinoid receptors (endocannabinoids), lipid-amide agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, and products of oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids via cytochrome P450and other enzyme pathways. Evidence indicates that these lipid messengers are produced and act at different stages of inflammation and the response to tissue injury, and may be part of a peripheral gating mechanism that regulates the access of nociceptive information to the spinal cord and the brain. Growing knowledge about this peripheral control system may be used to discover safer medicines for pain.
Expression ofMTAPInhibits Tumor-Related Phenotypes in HT1080 Cells via a Mechanism Unrelated to Its Enzymatic Function
Authors: Tang Baiqing , Kadariya Yuwaraj , Chen Yibai , Slifker Michael , Kruger Warren D
Published: November 2014

Methylthioadenosine Phosphorylase (MTAP) is a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently deleted in human cancers and encodes an enzyme responsible for the catabolism of the polyamine byproduct 5′deoxy-5′-methylthioadenosine (MTA). To elucidate the mechanism by which MTAP inhibits tumor formation, we have reintroduced MTAP into MTAP-deleted HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. Expression of MTAP resulted in a variety of phenotypes, including decreased colony formation in soft-agar, decreased migration, decreased in vitro invasion, increased matrix metalloproteinase production, and reduced ability to form tumors in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Microarray analysis showed that MTAP affected the expression of genes involved in a variety of processes, including cell adhesion, extracellular matrix interaction, and cell signaling. Treatment of MTAP-expressing cells with a potent inhibitor of MTAP’s enzymatic activity (MT-DADMe-ImmA) did not result in a MTAP− phenotype. This finding suggests that MTAP’s tumor suppressor function is not the same as its known enzymatic function. To confirm this, we introduced a catalytically inactive version of MTAP, D220A, into HT1080 cells and found that this mutant was fully capable of reversing the soft agar colony formation, migration, and matrix metalloproteinase phenotypes. Our results show that MTAP affects cellular phenotypes in HT1080 cells in a manner that is independent of its known enzymatic activity.
Al-Niẓām al-ri’āsī ma‘a ta‘addudīyat al-aḥzāb: al-Taḥāluf fī tārīkh al-ri’āsat ba‘da niẓām al-ḥukm al-jadīd (1998-2004)
Authors: Murodi Murodi
Published: November 2014

In the history of Indonesian politics, the institutionalization of the presidential system has experienced ups and downs. The presidential system has had its own style and character under each regime. The main factor behind this relates to the varying nature of the political systems and patterns of leadership. Since the reformasi era and the amendment of the 1945 Constitution, however, the system has experienced a ‘purification’. During the period of president Habibie, the system was not implemented thoroughly, because of the transitional nature of the government. The embryo of a presidential system begun to emerge with the 1999 general election. The purification was marked by two fundamental changes. Firstly, there was the strengthening between the legislative and the executive. Secondly, there was the restriction of the period in which a president could only be elected for two periods. With these amendments, the opportunities open to an incumbent president during the reformasi era have been restricted by the law. The presidential term makes the periods for presidents and vice-presidents more fixed.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v21i2.1041
Kembalinya Konservatisme Islam Indonesia
Authors: Wahid Din
Published: November 2014

Martin van Bruinessen, ed, Contemporary Development in Indonesian Islam, Explaining the “Conservative Turn”, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2013, pp. 240 + xxxiv.Contemporary Developments in Indonesian Islam: Explaining the ‘Conservative Turn’ consists of four articles analyzing conservative currents among Muslims in Indonesia. The  book’s first two articles deal with established Muslim organizations, namely the Council of Indonesian ‘Ulama (MUI) and Muhammadiyah, while the other two discuss radical Islamic movements in the regions of South Celebes and Solo, Central Java. Written by van Bruinessen, the book examines why the conservative trend has reemerged in Indonesian Islam. The author provides readers with two theories. Firstly, he argues that a decline in the influence of liberal thought has accompanied the democratization process. Secondly, he identifies an increase of Middle Eastern influence to Indonesia through alumni. This work shows that conservatism is not only apparent in radical Islamic movements that have emerged during the Reformation era but also present in well-established organizations such as MUI and Muhammadiyah. The significance of this work to the study of Indonesian Islam lies in its explanation of how conservatism enters those organizations.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v21i2.1043
Islam, Local Culture, and Japan-Indonesian Relations
Authors: Fadlan Muhammad Nida' , Darmadi Dadi
Published: November 2014

Local culture is undoubtedly a very important aspect to every nation. Having an awareness of local culture, especially among the youth, plays a great role in shaping a society and a state. For one to have an appreciation of another country’s culture, however, can be an important starting point in breaking down barriers of misperceptions or misunderstandings, and in helping to build global relationships. In support of this idea, the Japanese Embassy in Jakarta this year offered a special program called the Japan-East Asia Network of Exchange for Students and Youth (JENESYS) to strengthen the awareness of Japanese local culture among Muslim youth in Indonesia. In early 2014, the Japanese government, working in cooperation with PPIM (Center for the Study of Islam and Society) at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah in Jakarta, invited a number of university students to visit Japan.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v21i2.1044
Mary Rudenberg, Music Therapist Pioneer
Authors: Neugebauer Christine
Published: November 2014

It was during my training when I came to understand and appreciate the knowledge base and experience that Mary Rudenberg has contributed to the field of music therapy. Medical music therapy was still in its infancy and the music therapy internship program at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, Texas was one of a few internships in the nation offering music therapy training in a medical setting.
Music Therapy in Canada: An Interview with Marianne Bargiel
Authors: Vaillancourt Guylaine
Published: November 2014

Marianne Bargiel is practicing music therapy since 1991 with children and adults in school, community, and psychiatric facilities. She has taken on Josée Préfontaine’s work at directing the Institut québécois de musicothérapie. She is a candidate for a psychology Ph. D. (Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières) where her main research interest is musically evoked emotional processes in psychopathology.
Comments by Dr. Rolando Benenzon, First President of the WFMT
Authors: Benenzon Rolando , Wagner Gabriela
Published: November 2014

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Memories from 5th World Congress of Music Therapy, 1985, Genoa
Authors: Bright Ruth , Galińska Elżbieta , Hesser Barbara , Moreno Joseph , Oldfield Amelia , Skille Olav , Wagner Gabriela
Published: November 2014

A collection of memories from 5th World Congress of Music Therapy, 1985, Genoa
The Effects of Group Musical Activity on Psychiatric Patients in India.
Authors: Rumball Katrina
Published: November 2014

Musical activity, particularly as the application of music therapy, has been found to produce numerous benefits within a psychiatric setting. This study has explored a selection of these benefits in psychiatric patients in a hospital in India, examining these effects within a culture not typically studied in this field. Observation of seven sessions of group musical activity was undertaken and questionnaire and interview data collected from both patients and staff. Questionnaire data demonstrated improvements in mood, energy, and attention levels, both during and following the sessions. The quantitative data was integrated with interview responses and is discussed with reference to previous research. Interviews and observation found improvements in the categories of interaction, learning and confidence. Alongside these variables, specific musical factors were considered which strongly indicate that the application of musical activity as a therapy, as distinct from other group effects, contributed to the benefits found.
The Central Tenets of GIM: Consciousness and the Integration of Psychotherapy and Spirituality
Authors: Goldberg Francis Smith , Dimiceli-Mitran Louise
Published: November 2014

Abstract Spirituality and psychotherapy are both inherent in the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music. This article discusses the integration of these aspects of GIM and the evolution of Helen Bonny's journey in this regard. Included are Bonny's early humanistic and transpersonal influences, along with her grounding philosophy of the healing aspects of music, the central tenets of GIM as she initially envisioned, and the development of GIM theory as it relates to this integration. A GIM case study illustrates how psychotherapy and spirituality work together in a holistic way. Current trends indicate that transpersonal practices are becoming more mainstream in many areas of the world.
Exploring a Perspective on the Nature of Music and Health as they Relate to the Bonny Method: A Response to Summer’s (1992) Music: The Aesthetic Elixir
Authors: Abrams Brian
Published: November 2014

This essay provides a response to the retrospective posting of Lisa Summer's article Music: The Aesthetic Elixir in the present issue of Voices. The response is based upon an exploratory, theoretical “lens” concerning a way of understanding music both as a way of being together aesthetically in time, and as a dimension of health. This understanding of music is subsequently applied to an expansion upon Summer's perspectives on the Bonny Method.
Embracing Life with AIDS: Psychotherapy through Guided Imagery and Music
Authors: Bruscia Kenneth E.
Published: November 2014

This case describes individual psychotherapy with Matt, a 26-year old man recently infected with the AIDS virus.  In the eleven sessions, Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) was used as the main technique within a psychodynamic orientation.  Through an intense process of imagery transformation, Matt gained insight into how traumatic events from his past prevented him from coping with the emotional challenges of living with AIDS.  Ultimately, this led him to confront one of the most important questions of his life:  Shall I live dead, or shall I die living?
The Peace Train
Authors: Katz Sharon
Published: November 2014

This article will attempt to tell the story of how I have used music therapy and harmony to help end the evil Apartheid regime in the old South Africa and aid in the transition process. I would like to acknowledge my colleague, former administrator for mental health for the city of Philadelphia, Marilyn Cohen, who has been helping to keep The Peace Train on track for 18 years. Without her expertise and dedication, we could not have done it.
An interview with Dr Diane Austin
Authors: Preston-Roberts Patricia
Published: November 2014

For many years Dr Diane Austin has been developing a very special use of the voice in her practice as a music psychotherapist. The transformational aspects of this approach have been witnessed by colleagues who have heard Diane present at conferences or have read of her work in various publications. There are now further opportunities for colleagues to find out more about her work by reading her recent book or participating in her trainings. On behalf of the editors of the series of interviews for Voices I am delighted to be able to introduce this interview with Diane by one of her colleagues Patricia Preston-Roberts. There is also a linked audio example. In the interview Diane explains how her approach evolved and she identifies some of the key features of the work. She provides some links to the theories underpinning her practice and talks very openly about some issues of countertransference that arise as part of this very powerful and profound way of working. Throughout the interview we are aware how all aspects of the voice have an enormous influence on the development of a warm and trusting therapeutic relationship. From the moment a client enters Diane's consulting room it is clear that her deep and empathic listening ability enables her to make connections to every vocal nuance, whether spoken or sung. As she points out "the whole session" can be viewed "as an improvisation."
Interview with Donald E. Michel, 1921-2010
Authors: Rohrbacher Michael
Published: November 2014

This interview was conducted in June, 2009, and is presented as a retrospective on the life of Donald E. Michel, who passed away on December 19, 2010.    Several themes emerged as our dialog unfolded and are presented below, including music, clinical practice, service, teaching, and music & medicine.
A Large Generation Gap Must be Taken into Account in the Consideration of the Effects of Music Therapy in Japan
Authors: Matunami Kenichi
Published: November 2014

We studied the effects of music upon human emotion with ESA-16, a special computer soft ware program for the analysis of human emotion from EEG. Subjects were 6 old and 8 healthy adult person. Four songs were selected as test music, all of which are very familiar to the old. Their titles were "Furusato", "Akogareno Hawaii-kouro", "Saitarou-busi" and "Kagewositaite". They were chosen because we used them very often in our recipe (repertoire) of music therapy for old person. ESA-16 enabled us to analyze EEG into four components of emotion; Anger/Stress, Joy, Sadness and Relaxation in a pseudo-real time manner. The experiments with ESA-16 revealed that the old person showed a significant decrease in Anger/Stress and an increase in Joy during listening to "Furusato", and a decrease in Sadness and an increase in Relaxation while listening to "Saitarou-busi" with significance. On the other hand, no significant emotional changes were observed in the adult subjects while listening to all four music. For the explanation of these facts, we offered a proposition that the difference in emotional changes observed while listening to four test songs was produced by a large generation gap lying between the old and the adult. This generation gap was produced by the drastic cultural and educational changes since the occupation by the USA, after the unconditional surrender of Japan to the Allied Forces in 1945. This year marks the critical demarcation in producing the large generation gap in Japan. From this time on, the adult are educated under the new democratic system, while the old remained completely in the past as the remains of absolutism and feudalism.
Music Therapy May Increase Breastfeeding Rates Among Mothers of Premature Newborns: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vianna Martha N S , Barbosa Arnaldo P , Carvalhaes Albelino S , Cunha Antonio J L A
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of music therapy on breastfeeding rates among mothers of premature newborns. METHOD: In an open randomized controlled trial, mothers of premature neonates weighting ≤1750g were submitted to music therapy sessions three times a week for 60 minutes. The primary endpoint was breastfeeding rate (exclusive, predominant or continuous) at the moment of infant discharge and at the first follow-up visit (7-15 days after discharge). RESULTS: A total of 94 mothers (48 in the music therapy group and 46 in the comparison group) were studied. Breastfeeding was more frequent in the music therapy group at the moment of the infant hospital discharge (RR: 1.22; 95% CI: 0.99-1.51; P = .06; NNT = 6.3) and at the first follow-up visit (RR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.01-1.57; P = .03; NNT = 5.6).  Breastfeeding rates were higher in the intervention group at day 30 and day 60 after discharge, but these results were not statistically significant (RR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.73-5.6 and RR: 1.28; 95% CI: 0.95-1.71 respectively).  CONCLUSIONS: Music therapy increased breastfeeding rates in premature newborns at discharge, as well as 7-15 days later. This approach could be useful for increasing breastfeeding rates among premature newborns.[Editors note: The article presented here is republished from Jornal de Pediatria, 2011, 87(3), 206-212, doi: 10.2223/JPED.2086, with the kind permission from the publisher and the authors.]
Dialogue on Intersubjectivity: An Interview with Stein Bråten and Colwyn Trevarthen
Authors: Stensæth Karette , Trondalen Gro
Published: November 2014

This interview was originally published in Trondalen & Stensæth (Eds.)(2012). Series from Centre for Music and Health, 5 (pp. 195-226). Oslo: Norwegian Academy of Music. The interview is republished in Voices with the kind permission from the authors and the publisher.
A Survey of Parents' Use of Music in the Home With Their Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Implications for Building the Capacity of Families
Authors: Thompson Grace Anne
Published: November 2014

Preschool aged children with disabilities including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) typically receive early childhood intervention services that adopt a family-centred approach to supporting child and family outcomes. Family-centred approaches aim to build the capacity of parents to support their child’s development immediately and into the future, and therefore offer parents a variety of resources. One indication of whether these resources have been relevant and useful to the family is to consider how well they have been incorporated into everyday life. This study surveyed 11 families of children with ASD aged 3- 6 years who were receiving music therapy as part of a broader study, and asked them to keep a journal of their use of the music experiences modelled within the sessions during their typical week. It is the first study to ask parents of children with ASD to quantify the time spent in music experiences. Results showed that families can and do use music to engage with their child with ASD, with a total median time of 2.8 hours per week recorded. The total average time comprised four categories of music experiences, including singing, singing and playing instruments, improvising with instruments, and listening to music. Of these, singing and listening to music were the most popular (37% each of the total time) and were best maintained at follow up. These results provide preliminary support demonstrating that music therapy could be a successful way to support capacity building in families by encouraging them to embed therapeutic music experiences into their daily life. Further and more detailed research is needed to investigate this central tenet of family-centred practice, particularly in regards to how families’ use of music experiences change over time.
The Field of Play: An Ecology of Being in Music Therapy
Authors: Kenny Carolyn
Published: November 2014

This text tells the story of the development of the theory, The Field of Play, through the developmental lens of Carolyn Kenny, who crafted the theory.  It emphasizes the integration between individual, culture, profession, and the natural world.  It is crafted in a performative writing style that emphasizes the oral tradition so prevalent in the Indigenous worldview and experience.
Situation Songs - Therapeutic Intentions and Use in Music Therapy with Children
Authors: Kolar-Borsky Agnes , Holck Ulla
Published: November 2014

The aim of this study was to survey the various therapeutic intentions behind the use of one particular improvisation method applied in pediatric music therapy, called the situation song (from the German term “Situationslied”- Plahl & Koch-Temming, 2008, p. 180). According to Plahl & Koch-Temming the term situation song describes an improvised song, which is sung by the therapist or/and the child and which relates to the actual occurrence and the therapeutic relationship. The presented study focuses on the therapist’s singing only.The study was conducted in stages: An elaboration of the first author’s clinical experience with situation songs (preunderstandings), a systematic analysis of relevant literature, followed by semi-structured interviews with three music therapists from Denmark, Austria and Germany. A flexible investigation approach was used, following hermeneutic principles.The findings of the study show that situation songs are regularly used by pediatric music therapists, especially during the work with children at an early developmental age. The various intentions behind the use of situation songs can be summarized as such: to create a therapeutic space; to support the therapeutic relationship; to enhance experience and development in the fields of emotion, behavior, expression and social skills; to express  messages in language and to give structure to the child. The overall aim behind the use of situation songs is to offer essential experiences to the child in order to support his or her development.This study attempts to give an impulse to more international exchange of clinical terms applied in music therapy. The study was submitted as the first author’s master thesis in Music Therapy at the Aalborg University in Denmark. The second author supervised the process of the master thesis.
Ethnomusicological Perspectives on Autism, Neurodiversity, and Music Therapy
Authors: Bakan Michael B.
Published: November 2014

In this article, I suggest that a provisional paradigm shift from disability as pathology to disability as neurodiversity has the potential to productively resituate the epistemological orientations of music therapy, both as a field of inquiry and a domain of practice. I draw from my own work on the ethnomusicology of autism, as well as from research and writings in disability studies and autistic self-advocacy, in proposing that the relativistic foundations of ethnomusicology offer a potentially useful alternative and complement to the principally treatment-directed foundations of music therapy.
Launching Greeting
Authors: Grocke Denise
Published: November 2014

The concept of an International Music Therapy Journal has been incubating for many years. One of the most important initiatives in the development of international discourse was the Music Therapy International Report, a publication of the former American Association of Music Therapy that was published each year from 1983-1996. This publication was an integral part of the emerging global music therapy scene, and each edition brought the world of music therapy closer together.
Music Therapy in South America
Authors: Barcellos Lia Rejane Mendes
Published: November 2014

Music is one of the most important and strongest types of cultural expression in South America. With diverse roots in the myriad of cultures of the many countries which shape our continent, music contributes to the South American identity. Distinct sounds, rhythms, styles and instruments compose a musical tissue, in which it is possible to recognize the special colors of a specific country or the printed image of the sonorous "language" from a special region.
Music Therapy Growth in Japan: The Richness and the Confusion of Transition
Authors: Ikuno Rika
Published: November 2014

I would like to describe the recent history of music therapy in Japan first and then give some analysis on it. I will focus only on the Japanese situation this time, wondering if it has something in common with other Asian countries or not. I hope this first presentation will raise reactions and discussion from other countries.
Gaku, Jutsu and Gei in Music Therapy
Authors: Murai Yasuji
Published: November 2014

Needless to say, every therapist is trying hard to create his/her own professional personality in order to become a good therapist as a life long task. And the only premise for this task is to be a specialist of music therapy. However, aiming to be a good therapist varies depending on where each person puts his/her basis. For example, since my major work has been around schizophrenia, I have been trying to watch schizophrenic people closely and constantly. It might seem to be a natural task for a music therapist who deals with schizophrenia. But every time I have tried to summarize this disease, I have felt keenly how challenging this task is, even after a 30- year career. What on the earth is the cause of schizophrenia? It is said that the person's own make-up or hereditary predisposition might come into control, or the environmental factors might operate. But how do these things build up an individual to schizophrenia? How and when are the so-called "pre-personality tendencies" made, such as withdrawing or lack of self-confidence? This pattern of thoughts/behaviors that entice the person to the world of morbid experiences, has a close connection with the build-up of the disease. I personally believe that in this secret connection, there are some clues to the treatment. The work of discovering these clues is achieved by reviewing my own past clinical cases and other researchers' papers.
Music Therapy: A War for Ideas
Authors: Kenny Carolyn
Published: November 2014

This week I forced myself to see the film "Black Hawk Down" which is based on the October 1993 incident in Somalia in which 19 American soldiers and a 1000 Somalis were killed. Soon after this incident U.S. military forces left the country and the United Nations took over the watchdog function in the area. It was a difficult film to watch and I almost left the theater several times before the completion of the film. As we have read so often, Americans are not used to the violence prevalent in many countries around the world. The images of violence and war were graphic.
Musicking in Early Intervention
Authors: Jonsdottir Valgerdur
Published: November 2014

My interest in this subject stems from years of clinical work with handicapped children and an acquaintance with their parents/caretakers. The varying handicaps and developmental needs of these clients have called for varying theories and treatment approaches throughout their therapy processes. The effectiveness of music therapy procedures and the client's progress in music therapy has also varied. But what the handicapped children have had in common is a delight in music and musical expressiveness. In most cases they have been brought to music therapy by parents who have noticed their children's apparent interest in music. Their interest upon hearing music may have been expressed by spontaneous movements despite physical handicaps, spontaneous songlike utterances despite delayed speech, focused attention or other expressions while listening to music. Caretakers sensitive to their children's musical intelligence, and hoping for their optimal maximum obtainable development and well-being, sought the services of a music therapist, regardless of the way the children's interest was expressed interest.
A Kiwi Odyssey: Music Therapy University Training in New Zealand Takes Flight
Authors: Krout Robert E.
Published: November 2014

This article looks at the new postgraduate music therapy programme at Massey University in New Zealand, and at how it has developed as this country's first full-time tertiary course in music therapy. Music therapy in New Zealand has a history going back almost 30 years, and the new programme builds on the fine traditions established over that time. The emphasis and challenge have been to craft a programme that weaves the many skills required to become a competent music therapist with the unique flavour of what music therapy is and can become in the ethnically diverse and rich cultures of Aotearoa - New Zealand. Particular attention and discussion are given regarding the issue of supervised clinical training.
A Consumer-Directed and Partnered Community Mental Health Music Therapy Program: Program Development and Evaluation
Authors: Baines Sue
Published: November 2014

In the developed world, as mental health care continues to move out of institutions and into the community, an emphasis on prevention and health promotion, accountability, and consumer involvement have been identified as fundamental. Currently, most community mental health programs remain grounded in the medical/psychiatric model, however examples based on the psychosocial rehabilitation model and work inspired by a health and wellness/holistic model as well as blended approaches which utilize elements of more than one model are increasing. In the interest of developing the most efficacious, respectful, accountable, and ethical model, a consumer partnered and directed mental health music therapy pilot program was launched at the community clubhouse site of the largest community mental health service provider in the lower mainland of British Columbia in September, 1997. This article will describe the process of the development of the program, demonstrate how it functions, present the results of a consumer evaluation of the program, and discuss plans for the future.
Withdrawn Youngsters and Lyrics
Authors: Watanabe Takeshi
Published: November 2014

In this paper, the author reports on how he acted as a therapist for a youngster who, despite conserving some ability for interpersonal interaction, preferred to spend time alone observing through his window the flow of the passing people and to isolate himself in his room peeping at an album of pictures while seeking for healing in music. The author wants to report on how withdrawn youngsters that found lyrics that embrace them, these lyrics can serve as a means to "let their voices out first" and "speak" later on.
Music Inside an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Loureiro De Souza Delabary Ana Maria
Published: November 2014

This paper reports on the music therapy work performed in the intensive care unit of a university hospital. Clinical practice is inserted with in the hospital psychology department and acts jointly with some of the other health departments in the same hospital. The text presents the employed methodology, techniques, and repertoire, along with some considerations, comments, and observations on the practical side of the treatment. Music therapy imposes itself as a valuable element for the health area and becomes particularly meaningful as a part of the hospital's humanization program which is being developed in the institution. Striving for care quality, all the while it helps integrating all involved personnel interacting with the patients, music can be a powerful stimulus for the improvement of health care, particularly in the reception and support of the difficult situations terminal patients are faced with.
The Vitality of Vulnerable Voices
Authors: Stige Brynjulf , Kenny Carolyn
Published: November 2014

Since the previous issue of Voices there has been a change in the team. We want to warmly welcome Andeline Dos Santos as our new African editor, and we also want to express our gratitude to Mercédès Pavlicevic who has served as the editor from this continent from the beginning and up till now.
Music Therapy with Adolescents
Authors: Tervo Jukko
Published: November 2014

The therapeutic community described in this paper was situated at the University of Oulu Central Hospital Department of Psychiatry, Finland, during the years 1979-1989. The ward consisted of eight beds, four for boys and four for girls. The basic emphasis in the treatment was laid on psychoanalytic psychotherapy and music and art therapies suitable for the stage of adolescent development. Adolescent community therapy (psychoanalytic psychotherapy, music therapy, art therapy, special school etc.) creates an environment which supports individual growth of the adolescent and youth culture. This, in turn, simultaneously supports psychotherapy.
日本の音楽療法の現況
Authors: Ikuno Rika
Published: November 2014

戦後の日本の音楽療法発展の歴史
Convergences: Possibilities for Therapeutic Intervention in a Large Scale Community Performance
Authors: Oddy Nicola
Published: November 2014

This article describes a small community from the perspective of a musical celebration that encompasses the nature of the community into an expression of commitment, coordination, cooperation and fulfillment. This celebration of youth and community, called "Convergences" will be analysed from a systems perspective considering the perspective of health promotion and prevention that can be offered through the participation of a music therapist in the design and implementation of this type of community event.
New Face(s)
Authors: Kenny Carolyn , Stige Brynjulf
Published: November 2014

We are proud to present this issue, Volume 6(1), with the new look that has been designed for the Voices Forum. Torgeir Stige, a young art student, has volunteered to produce a visual design that we think will suit the purpose and the function of Voices...
The Importance of Aesthetics as a Dimension in Music Therapy Activity
Authors: Bergstroem-Nielsen Carl
Published: November 2014

In Unmoderated Discussions, I began discussing the aesthetic dimension in music therapy, taking Colin Lee's book The Architecture of Aesthetic Music Therapy as a starting-point. Several students and colleagues took part and contributed with further viewpoints, dealing with the positive qualities of the aesthetic dimension for both client and therapist, with the necessary limitation or demarcation of how far the aesthetic view can be taken in music therapy, and with the spiritual (impersonal) aspect of music. Some further thoughts in this article concern the importance of the therapists' musical craft, of musical structure and the theoretical question of what is the nature of the aesthetic dimension. Mention is made of Stige's articles stressing the necessity of applying new concepts that relate the aesthetic dimension to daily life. It is concluded that we need further discussion to clarify the role of the aesthetic dimension in music therapy.
Phi Faa Ritual Music of the Northeastern Part of Thailand
Authors: Roengbuthra Warawut , Sumrongthong Bussakorn
Published: November 2014

This article describes the indigenous peoples belief underlying the Phi Faa or the Shaman's ritual. The research focused on the components of the Phi Faa ritual as well as its music and how they interact. This study was comprised of site visits to each of the fourteen provinces in the Northern Isarn region of Thailand where data was collected from each regional cultural center. It was found that Phi Faa rituals were mainly in the following seven provinces: Skon Nakorn, Mukdahan, Nakorn Phanom, Udonthani, Kalasin, Khon Khaen and Chaiyaphum. It was also determined that the musical instrument used the most often in this ritual was the khean (a mouth organ) and the rhythm of the lyrics were sung in the Isarn style named "Moh Lum". In the Phi Faa rituals, this style is specifically referred to as "Lamlong". In all the observed ailment rituals, Lamlong was sung by the medium and accompanied by the Khean to praise the ghosts as well as plead with them to come aid the people suffering from sickness. In addition, the Medium consulted oracles to discover the cause(s) of the sickness. Even though the melodies of each song among the seven provinces are more similar than different, the lyrics were completely different due to the medium's spontaneous or improvised delivery. One notable departure from the general pattern of the Phi Faa ritual was found in the Kalasin province which was made up of mostly instrumental music with hardly any singing of lyrics.
Collaborative Work: Negotiations between Music Therapists and Community Musicians in the Development of a South African Community Music Therapy Project
Authors: Oosthuizen Helen , Fouché Sunelle , Torrance Kerryn
Published: November 2014

Music therapy in South Africa is slowly negotiating a practice that takes into account our continent's musical vibrancy, as well as contextual understandings of "health" and "illness." Although music therapy in the (so-called) developed world is situated within the paradigms of medicine, education, psychology and research - in the formal and often scientific sense - in South Africa, this practice needs to be re-defined to make it relevant to the contexts in which we work. The Music Therapy Community Clinic (MTCC) is a non-profit organisation whose aim is to provide music therapy services to previously disadvantaged communities in Cape Town, South Africa. Socio-political problems such as poverty, unemployment, gang violence and HIV and Aids have lead to the fragmentation and disintegration of many of these communities. The MTCC's Music for Life project emerged out of a need to provide after-school music activities and to reach a wider group of children than those seen for clinical music therapy sessions. As the project has developed and expanded, the music therapists have drawn in community musicians to offer an increasing range of musical activities to children. The collaboration between music therapists and community musicians has led to many questions about the roles and identities of each. This article is based on a presentation given by the MTCC at a Symposium for South African Arts Therapists held in Cape Town in June 2007. The article discusses the merits and challenges of the Music for Life Project and offers reflections from both community musicians and music therapists pertaining to our negotiated and changing roles as we continue to develop the project together.
The Silent Epidemic of Road Traffic Injury: What Can Music Therapists do About It?
Authors: Gilbertson Simon
Published: November 2014

Can music therapists do anything about road traffic injury and its effects? Road traffic crashes are responsible for up to 1.2 million deaths and up to 50 million injuries globally each year. One quarter of these injuries are traumatic brain injuries. In this paper, the literature related to music therapy and traumatic brain injury is reviewed. By analysing this literature, it becomes apparent that music therapists have provided for those injured almost to the exclusion of those affected by traumatic brain injury, the family, the community and the society. Using literature related to trauma, the author discusses ways in which music therapists may change the scope of music therapy in relation to caring for people affected by road traffic injury and considers the role music therapists may play in the prevention of road traffic injury in the future.
Hard and Heavy Music: Can It Make a Difference in the Young Cancer Patients' Life?
Authors: Ahmadi Fereshteh
Published: November 2014

The aim of the present article is to discuss the role hard and heavy music plays in coping with cancer. Here, hard and heavy music refers to genres such as heavy metal, hard rock, hard rap, punk rock and aggressive pop music.
Stenospermy and seed development in the “Brazilian seedless” variety of sugar apple (Annona squamosa)
Authors: SANTOS RAYANE C. DOS , RIBEIRO LEONARDO M. , MERCADANTE-SIMÕES MARIA OLÍVIA , COSTA MÁRCIA R. , NIETSCHE SILVIA , PEREIRA MARLON C.T.
Published: November 2014

Stenospermy was identified in naturally occurring sugar-apple (Annona squamosa) mutants with great potential for use in genetic improvement programs. However, to date, there have been no detailed studies of the development of aspermic fruit in this species. The aim of the present study was to characterize the anatomy of developing fruit in the ‘Brazilian Seedless’ mutant. Flower buds in pre-anthesis and developing fruits were subjected to common plant anatomy techniques. The abnormal ovules are unitegmic and orthotropic and have a long funiculus. There is evidence of fertilization, including the presence of embryos in early development and the proliferation of starch grains in the embryo sac. However, the embryos and embryo sac degenerate, although this does not affect pericarp development. Ovule abortion does not occur. The perisperm, which is formed from the peripheral layers of the nucellus, fills the cavity left by the embryo sac. The mature fruit contains numerous small sterile seeds with abundant perisperm and unlignified integument that is restricted to the micropylar region. The majority of perisperm cells are living and appear to be metabolically active in the periphery. Therefore, stenospermy leads to the formation of sterile seeds in A. squamosa, and the perisperm possibly play an important role in fruit development.
Dinâmica de produção e comercialização da erva-mate no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Sibele Vasconcelos de , Waquil Paulo Dabdab
Published: November 2014

A produção de erva-mate é uma das atividades não madeireiras que compõe o mercado agroflorestal brasileiro. No Rio Grande do Sul, este segmento é impulsionado pela tradição do consumo do chimarrão. Entretanto, nos últimos anos, observa-se que o estado gaúcho vem perdendo parcela significativa do mercado nacional, principalmente para o estado do Paraná. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetiva compreender a dinâmica produtiva e de comercialização deste produto, a partir da análise do comportamento dos preços pagos aos produtores rurais de erva-mate no Rio Grande do Sul, os preços diretos aos consumidores da erva-mate para chimarrão, além de dados estatísticos relacionados à produção de erva-mate. Evidencia-se que o modelo econométrico realizado para estimar o valor da erva-mate, embora indique a existência de associação linear positiva entre as variáveis dependente e independente, é considerado estatisticamente frágil. Ainda, cerca de 80% das variações no preço do quilograma da erva-mate no varejo de Porto Alegre são explicadas pelas variações no preço da arroba da erva-mate paga aos produtores rurais. Assim, reitera-se a necessidade de análises adicionais para identificar quais fatores exercem maior influência sobre o mercado da erva-mate, no contexto de expansão da demanda nacional e internacional
Competitiveness levels in cattle herd farms
Authors: Marques Pedro Rocha , Barcellos Júlio Otávio Jardim , Dill Matheus Dhein , Dias Eduardo Antunes , Azevedo Eduardo Vaz Torres , Lampert Vinícius do Nascimento , McManus Concepta Margaret
Published: November 2014

The aim of this experiment was to identify improvement demands for farms with different levels of competitiveness in the west of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. A total of 63 owners of large farms were interviewed (farms with an area greater than 900ha) by applying a semi-structured questionnaire, guided by four drivers: technology (TEC), management (MAN), market relations (MR) and the institutional environment (IE).It was used the Statistical Analysis System 9.2 software to perform the cluster analysis and identify farmers' characteristics. Three random clusters with different levels of competitiveness were observed: low competitiveness level (LCL), middle competitiveness level (MCL) and high competitiveness level (HCL). The 29 variables (sub factors) were evaluated in the cluster analysis according to level of impact on competitiveness, being classified into variables of high, medium or low impact. Stratification was carried out, ranking demands for improvements from aspects attributed by experts in relation to sub factors. The farmers with low competitiveness level (LTL) had an unfavorable status for MAN, while the farmers belonging to clusters MCL and HCL have, respectively, favorable and neutral status for the same driver. The management characteristics determined the level of competitiveness of the farms surveyed
The relationship between neighborhood empowerment and dental caries experience: a multilevel study in adolescents and adults
Authors: Santiago Bianca Marques , Valença Ana Maria Gondim , Vettore Mario Vianna
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of contextual social capital (neighborhood empowerment) and individual social capital (social support and social network) with dental caries experience in adolescents and adults. METHODS: A population-based multilevel study was conducted involving 573 subjects, 15-19 and 35-44 years of age, from 30 census tracts in three cities of Paraíba, Brazil. A two-stage cluster sampling was used considering census tracts and households as sampling units. Caries experience was assessed using the DMFT index (decayed, missing and filled teeth) and participants were divided into two groups according to the median of the DMFT index in low and high caries experience. Demographic, socioeconomic, behaviors, use of dental services and social capital measures were collected through interviews. Neighborhood empowerment was obtained from the mean scores of the residents in each census tract. Multilevel multivariate logistic regression was used to test the relationship between neighborhood empowerment and caries experience. RESULTS: High caries experience was inversely associated with neighborhood empowerment (OR = 0.58; 95%CI 0.33 - 0.99). Individual social capital was not associated with caries experience. Other associated factors with caries experience were age (OR = 1.15; 95%CI 1.12 - 1.18) and being a female (OR = 1.72; 95%CI 1.08 - 2.73). CONCLUSION: The association between neighborhood empowerment and caries experience suggests that the perception of features of the place of residence should be taken into account in actions of oral health promotion.
Social determinants for health (mental): evaluating a non-governmental experience from the perspective of actors involved
Authors: Bosi Maria Lucia Magalhães , Melo Anna Karynne da Silva , Carvalho Liliane Brandão , Ximenes Veronica Morais , Godoy Maria Gabriela Curubeto
Published: November 2014

INTRODUCTION: The Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, an ongoing process, and its developments involve the construction of new ways of seeing the subject in illness, establishing the mental health field in a new way of understanding the social determinants that reflect in the deinstitutionalization and social inclusion. OBJECTIVE: This study, multidimensional analysis of the relationship between social determinants and deinstitutionalization in mental health focusing on a community movement in Northeast Brazil, whose proposed work is subjective and psychosocial dimensions, aims to explore and analyze how the experiences in course of the Movement highlights the importance of social determinants, the perspective of professionals. METHODS: The methodological approach outlined in the qualitative approach in the form of case studies, employing techniques such as interviews and focus groups. The categorization of analytical information was built from the relationship established between a model based on the constituent dimensions of the psychiatric reform, covering different planes, namely epistemological, healthcare, legal and socio-political, and social determinants of health - living conditions, and work environment, community networks and support, economic, cultural and environmental behaviors and lifestyles. RESULTS: The results show emphasis on the social subject, making the processing and knowledge of professionals, adding new ways to produce health; dialogue with multiple stakeholders, building autonomy, participative management, concern for professionalization; reorganizing the work process; appreciation of the everyday activities that weave and; invention of a new social site, among other elements in close interface with the determinants of health. CONCLUSION: These elements indicate that care practices woven into the daily life of the Movement involve the disassembling the traditional model of mental health care, stimulating new forms of citizenship, thus contributing to the institutionalization and promoting equality of income, social cohesion and participation policy for the promotion and protection of health.