bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward a description of the centrality dependence of the charge balance function in the HYDJET++ model
Authors: Chernyshov A.S. , Eyyubova G.Kh. , Korotkikh V.L. , Lokhtin I.P. , Malinina L.V. , Petrushanko S.V. , Snigirev A.M. , Zabrodin E.E.
Published: June 2023

Data from the Large Hadron Collider on the charge balance function in Pb+Pb collisions at center-of-mass energy 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair are analyzed and interpreted within the framework of the HYDJET++ model. This model allows us to qualitatively reproduce the experimentally observed centrality dependence of the balance function widths at relatively low transverse momentum intervals due to the different charge creation mechanisms in soft and hard processes. However, a fully adequate description of the balance function in these intervals implies an essential modification of the model by including exact charge conservation via the canonical rather than the grand canonical ensemble. A procedure is proposed for introducing charge correlations into the thermal model without changing other model parameters. With increasing transverse momenta, the default model results describe the experimental data much better because the contribution of the soft component of the model is significantly reduced in these transverse momentum intervals. In practical terms, there is a transition to a single source of charge correlations, namely, charge correlations in jets in which exact charge conservation holds at each stage.
Attribution of air temperature and precipitation to the future global drought events
Authors: Fu Rui , Wang Changjing , Ma Dujuan , Gu Hongfan , Xie Qiaoyun , Liu Guoxiang , Yin Gaofei
Published: June 2023

Quantifying the contributions of air temperature and precipitation changes to drought events can inform decision-makers to mitigate the impact of droughts while existing studies focused mainly on long-term dryness trends. Based on the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), we analyzed the changes in drought events and separated the contributions of air temperature and precipitation to the risk of future drought events. We found that drought frequency, duration, severity, and month will increase in the future (56.4%, 63.5%, 82.9%, and 58.2% of the global land area in SSP245, and 58.1%, 67.7%, 85.8%, and 60.5% of the global land area in SSP585, respectively). The intermediate scenario has a similar pattern to the most extreme scenario, but low emission was found to mitigate drought risk. Globally, we found that air temperature will have a greater impact than precipitation on intensifying drought. Increasing precipitation will mitigate drought risks in some middle and high northern latitudes, whilst the trend in increasing air temperature will counter the effects of precipitation and increase the impact of droughts. Our study improves the understanding of the dynamics of future devastating drought events and informs the decision-making of stakeholders.
A deep-learning-based RNA-seq germline variant caller
Authors: Cook Daniel E , Venkat Aarti , Yelizarov Dennis , Pouliot Yannick , Chang Pi-Chuan , Carroll Andrew , De La Vega Francisco M
Published: June 2023

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) can be applied to diverse tasks including quantifying gene expression, discovering quantitative trait loci and identifying gene fusion events. Although RNA-seq can detect germline variants, the complexities of variable transcript abundance, target capture and amplification introduce challenging sources of error. Here, we extend DeepVariant, a deep-learning-based variant caller, to learn and account for the unique challenges presented by RNA-seq data. Our DeepVariant RNA-seq model produces highly accurate variant calls from RNA-sequencing data, and outperforms existing approaches such as Platypus and GATK. We examine factors that influence accuracy, how our model addresses RNA editing events and how additional thresholding can be used to facilitate our models’ use in a production pipeline.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Markers of limbic system damage following SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Thomasson Marine , Voruz Philippe , Cionca Alexandre , Jacot de Alcântara Isabele , Nuber-Champier Anthony , Allali Gilles , Benzakour Lamyae , Lalive Patrice H , Lövblad Karl-Olof , Braillard Olivia , Nehme Mayssam , Coen Matteo , Serratrice Jacques , Reny Jean-Luc , Pugin Jérôme , Guessous Idris , Landis Basile N , Griffa Alessandra , Van De Ville Dimitri , Assal Frederic , Péron Julie A
Published: June 2023

Alterations of the limbic system may be present in the chronic phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our aim was to study the long-term impact of this disease on limbic system–related behaviour and its associated brain functional connectivity, according to the severity of respiratory symptoms in the acute phase. To this end, we investigated the multimodal emotion recognition abilities of 105 patients from the Geneva COVID-COG Cohort 223 days on average after SARS-CoV-2 infection (diagnosed between March 2020 and May 2021), dividing them into three groups (severe, moderate or mild) according to respiratory symptom severity in the acute phase. We used multiple regressions and partial least squares correlation analyses to investigate the relationships between emotion recognition, olfaction, cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms and functional brain networks. Six to 9 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection, moderate patients exhibited poorer recognition abilities than mild patients for expressions of fear (P = 0.03 corrected), as did severe patients for disgust (P = 0.04 corrected) and irritation (P < 0.01 corrected). In the whole cohort, these performances were associated with decreased episodic memory and anosmia, but not with depressive symptoms, anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuroimaging revealed a positive contribution of functional connectivity, notably between the cerebellum and the default mode, somatosensory motor and salience/ventral attention networks. These results highlight the long-term consequences of SARS-Cov-2 infection on the limbic system at both the behavioural and neuroimaging levels.
Catheter-directed mechanical aspiration thrombectomy in a real-world pulmonary embolism population: a multicenter registry
Authors: Sławek-Szmyt Sylwia , Stępniewski Jakub , Kurzyna Marcin , Kuliczkowski Wiktor , Jankiewicz Stanisław , Kopeć Grzegorz , Darocha Szymon , Mroczek Ewa , Pietrasik Arkadiusz , Grygier Marek , Lesiak Maciej , Araszkiewicz Aleksander
Published: June 2023

Aims

High- (HR) and intermediate-high risk (IHR) pulmonary embolisms (PEs) are related to high early mortality and long-term sequelae. We aimed to describe clinical outcomes and adverse events in IHR and HR pulmonary embolism (PE) treated with catheter-directed mechanical thrombectomy (CDMT) in a real-world population.

Methods and Results

This study is a multicenter, prospective registry enrolling 110 PE patients treated with CDMT between 2019 and 2022. The CDMT was performed using the 8F Indigo (Penumbra, Alameda, CA, USA) system bilaterally in pulmonary arteries (PAs). The primary safety endpoints included device or PE-related death during the 48-h after CDMT, procedure-related major bleeding, or other major adverse events. Secondary safety outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization or the follow-up. The primary efficacy outcomes were the reduction of PA pressures and change in the right-to-left ventricular (RV/L) ratio assessed in the imaging 24–48 h after the CDMT.

71.8% of patients had IHR PE and 28.2% HR PE. 11.8% of patients had a failure and 34.5% had contraindications to thrombolysis, and 2.7% had polytrauma. There was 0.9% intraprocedural death related to RV failure and 5.5% deaths within the first 48 h. CDMT was complicated by major bleeding in 1.8%, pulmonary artery injury in 1.8%, and ischaemic stroke in 0.9%. Immediate haemodynamic improvements included a 10.4 ± 7.8 mmHg (19.7%) drop in systolic PAP (P < 0.0001), a 6.1 ± 4.2 mmHg (18.8%) drop in mean PAP, and 0.48 ± 0.4 (36%) drop in RV/LV ratio (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

These observational findings suggest that CDMT may improve hemodynamics with an acceptable safety profile in patients with IHR and HR PE.
Three-dimensional echocardiographic left ventricular strain analysis in Fabry disease: correlation with heart failure severity, myocardial scar, and impact on long-term prognosis
Authors: Marek Josef , Chocholová Barbora , Rob Daniel , Paleček Tomáš , Mašek Martin , Dostálová Gabriela , Linhart Aleš
Published: June 2023

Aims

Fabry disease (FD) is a multisystemic lysosomal storage disorder caused by a defect in the alpha-galactosidase A gene that manifests as a phenocopy of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We assessed the echocardiographic 3D left ventricular (LV) strain of patients with FD in relation to heart failure severity using natriuretic peptides, the presence of a cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) late gadolinium enhancement scar, and long-term prognosis.

Methods and results

3D echocardiography was feasible in 75/99 patients with FD [aged 47 ± 14 years, 44% males, LV ejection fraction (EF) 65 ± 6% and 51% with hypertrophy or concentric remodelling of the LV]. Long-term prognosis (death, heart failure decompensation, or cardiovascular hospitalization) was assessed over a median follow-up of 3.1 years. A stronger correlation was observed for N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels with 3D LV global longitudinal strain (GLS, r = −0.49, P < 0.0001) than with 3D LV global circumferential strain (GCS, r = −0.38, P < 0.001) or 3D LVEF (r = −0.25, P = 0.036). Individuals with posterolateral scar on CMR had lower posterolateral 3D circumferential strain (CS; P = 0.009). 3D LV-GLS was associated with long-term prognosis [adjusted hazard ratio 0.85 (confidence interval 0.75–0.95), P = 0.004], while 3D LV-GCS and 3D LVEF were not (P = 0.284 and P = 0.324).

Conclusion

3D LV-GLS is associated with both heart failure severity measured by natriuretic peptide levels and long-term prognosis. Decreased posterolateral 3D CS reflects typical posterolateral scarring in FD. Where feasible, 3D-strain echocardiography can be used for a comprehensive mechanical assessment of the LV in patients with FD.
Coronary angiography-derived index of microcirculatory resistance and evolution of infarct pathology after ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Xiao , Guo Qian , Guo Ruifeng , Guo Yingying , Yan Yan , Gong Wei , Zheng Wen , Wang Hui , Ai Hui , Que Bin , Xu Lei , Huo Yunlong , Fearon William F , Nie Shaoping
Published: June 2023

Aims

This study sought to evaluate the association of coronary angiography-derived index of microcirculatory resistance (angio-IMR) measured after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) with the evolution of infarct pathology during 3-month follow-up after ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods and Results

Patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI were prospectively enrolled between October 2019 and August 2021. Angio-IMR was calculated using computational flow and pressure simulation immediately after PPCI. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging was performed at a median of 3.6 days and 3 months. A total of 286 STEMI patients (mean age 57.8 years, 84.3% men) with both angio-IMR and CMR at baseline were included. High angio-IMR (>40 U) occurred in 84 patients (29.4%) patients. Patients with angio-IMR >40 U had a higher prevalence and extent of MVO. An angio-IMR >40 U was a multivariable predictor of infarct size with a three-fold higher risk of final infarct size >25% (adjusted OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.23–7.32, P = 0.016). Post-procedure angio-IMR >40 U significantly predicted presence (adjusted OR 5.52, 95% CI 1.65–18.51, P = 0.006) and extent (beta coefficient 0.27, 95% CI 0.01–0.53, P = 0.041) of myocardial iron at follow-up. Compared with patients with angio-IMR ≤40 U, those with angio-IMR >40 U had less regression of infarct size and less resolution of myocardial iron at follow-up.

Conclusions

Angio-IMR immediately post-PPCI showed a significant association with the extent and evolution of infarct pathology. An angio-IMR >40 U indicated extensive microvascular damage with less regression of infarct size and more persistent iron at follow-up.
Progression from different blood glucose states to cardiovascular diseases: a prospective study based on multi-state model
Authors: Chen Yarong , Xu Lulu , Cheng Zhiyuan , Zhang Desheng , Yang Jingli , Yin Chun , Li Siyu , Li Jing , Hu Yujia , Wang Yufeng , Liu Yanyan , Wang Zhongge , Zhang Lizhen , Chen Ruirui , Dou Qian , Bai Yana
Published: June 2023

Aims

To quantify the trajectories from normoglycaemia to pre-diabetes, subsequently to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and cardiovascular death, and the effects of risk factors on the rates of transition.

Methods and results

We used data from the Jinchang Cohort of 42 585 adults aged 20–88 free of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke at baseline. A multistate model was applied for analysing the progression of CVD and its relation to various risk factors. During a median follow-up of 7 years, 7498 participants developed pre-diabetes, 2307 developed T2DM, 2499 developed CVD, and 324 died from CVD. Among 15 postulated transitions, transition from comorbid CHD and stroke to cardiovascular death had the highest rate (157.21/1000 person-years), followed by transition from stroke alone to cardiovascular death (69.31/1000 person-years) and transition from pre-diabetes to normoglycaemia (46.51/1000 person-years). Pre-diabetes had a sojourn time of 6.77 years, and controlling weight, blood lipids, blood pressure, and uric acid within normal limits may promote reversion to normoglycaemia. Among transitions to CHD alone and stroke alone, transition from T2DM had the highest rate (12.21/1000 and 12.16/1000 person-years), followed by transition from pre-diabetes (6.81/1000 and 4.93/1000 person-years) and normoglycaemia (3.28/1000 and 2.39/1000 person-years). Age and hypertension were associated with an accelerated rate for most transitions. Overweight/obesity, smoking, dyslipidaemia, and hyperuricaemia played crucial but different roles in transitions.

Conclusion

Pre-diabetes was the optimal intervention stage in the disease trajectory. The derived transition rates, sojourn time, and influence factors could provide scientific support for the primary prevention of both T2DM and CVD.
Single-Cell Heterogeneity in Snake Venom Expression Is Hardwired by Co-Option of Regulators from Progressively Activated Pathways
Authors: Westfall Aundrea K , Gopalan Siddharth S , Perry Blair W , Adams Richard H , Saviola Anthony J , Mackessy Stephen P , Castoe Todd A
Published: June 2023

The ubiquitous cellular heterogeneity underlying many organism-level phenotypes raises questions about what factors drive this heterogeneity and how these complex heterogeneous systems evolve. Here, we use single-cell expression data from a Prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) venom gland to evaluate hypotheses for signaling networks underlying snake venom regulation and the degree to which different venom gene families have evolutionarily recruited distinct regulatory architectures. Our findings suggest that snake venom regulatory systems have evolutionarily co-opted trans-regulatory factors from extracellular signal-regulated kinase and unfolded protein response pathways that specifically coordinate expression of distinct venom toxins in a phased sequence across a single population of secretory cells. This pattern of co-option results in extensive cell-to-cell variation in venom gene expression, even between tandemly duplicated paralogs, suggesting this regulatory architecture has evolved to circumvent cellular constraints. While the exact nature of such constraints remains an open question, we propose that such regulatory heterogeneity may circumvent steric constraints on chromatin, cellular physiological constraints (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum stress or negative protein–protein interactions), or a combination of these. Regardless of the precise nature of these constraints, this example suggests that, in some cases, dynamic cellular constraints may impose previously unappreciated secondary constraints on the evolution of gene regulatory networks that favors heterogeneous expression.
ricu: R’s interface to intensive care data
Authors: Bennett Nicolas , Plečko Drago , Ukor Ida-Fong , Meinshausen Nicolai , Bühlmann Peter
Published: June 2023

Objective

To develop a unified framework for analyzing data from 5 large publicly available intensive care unit (ICU) datasets.

Findings

Using 3 American (Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III, Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV, electronic ICU) and 2 European (Amsterdam University Medical Center Database, High Time Resolution ICU Dataset) databases, we constructed a mapping for each database to a set of clinically relevant concepts, which are grounded in the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Vocabulary wherever possible. Furthermore, we performed synchronization in the units of measurement and data type representation. On top of this, we built functionality, which allows the user to download, set up, and load data from all of the 5 databases, through a unified Application Programming Interface. The resulting ricu R-package represents the computational infrastructure for handling publicly available ICU datasets, and its latest release allows the user to load 119 existing clinical concepts from the 5 data sources.

Conclusion

The ricu R-package (available on GitHub and CRAN) is the first tool that enables users to analyze publicly available ICU datasets simultaneously (datasets are available upon request from respective owners). Such an interface saves researchers time when analyzing ICU data and helps reproducibility. We hope that ricu can become a community-wide effort, so that data harmonization is not repeated by each research group separately. One current limitation is that concepts were added on a case-to-case basis, and therefore the resulting dictionary of concepts is not comprehensive. Further work is needed to make the dictionary comprehensive.
Hormones and carbohydrates synergistically regulate the formation of swollen roots in a Chinese cabbage translocation line
Authors: Ren Xiaojing , Ma Wei , Xuan Shuxin , Li Dandan , Wang Yanhua , Xu Yuanchao , Feng Daling , Zhao Jianjun , Chen Xueping , Luo Shuangxia , Shen Shuxing , Gu Aixia
Published: June 2023

The genus Brassica contains a rich diversity of species and morphological types, including leaf, root, and oil crops, all of which show substantial phenotypic variation. Both Chinese cabbage and cabbage are typical leaf-type crops with normal roots. We created translocation lines based on interspecific crosses between Chinese cabbage and cabbage and identified qdh225, which exhibited a swollen-root phenotype. The swollen root of qdh225 contained a large number of granular substances, and the formation of its irregular morphological tissue was caused by a thickening of the phloem. Transcriptomic and metabolomic data suggested that differential expression of genes encoding nine types of enzymes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism caused changes in starch synthesis and degradation in the swollen root. These genes jointly regulated sucrose and starch levels, leading to significant enrichment of starch and soluble proteins in the swollen root and a reduction in the content of soluble sugars such as d-glucose and trehalose 6-phosphate. A significant increase in auxin (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents and a decrease in gibberellin (GA) content in the swollen root likely promoted the differential expression of genes associated with hormone signal transduction, thereby regulating the development of the swollen root. Taken together, our data suggest that accumulation of IAA and ABA and reduction in GA promote swollen root formation by regulating hormone-mediated signaling, leading to a thickening of phloem, root enlargement, and substantial accumulation of starch and soluble proteins. The latter provide materials, energy, and nutrient sources for the development of swollen roots.
The modified capsular arthroplasty for young patients with developmental dislocation of the hip
Authors: Zhang Zhendong , Luo Dianzhong , Cheng Hui , Zhang Hong , Zhang Jianli , Ren Ningtao , Li Yong , Ganz Reinhold
Published: June 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the clinical results of the modified Codivilla–Hey Groves–Colonna capsular arthroplasty in the treatment of young patients with developmental dislocation of the hip. We retrospectively evaluated 90 patients (92 hips) who underwent the modified capsular arthroplasty from June 2012 to June 2021. Hips were evaluated using the modified hip Harris score (mHHS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score and the 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12). The Tönnis osteoarthritis grade and the Severin classification system were used to assess the radiographic outcomes. The average age was 15.7 years (range: 8–26 years). The mean pre-operative mHHS, the WOMAC score and the iHOT-12 score were 83.03, 14.05 and 52.79, respectively. The patients were followed for a mean of 41.1 months (range: 12.1–120.9 months). The patients had a mean mHHS of 83.61 (range: 31.2–97), a WOMAC score of 16.41 (range: 0–51) and an iHOT-12 score of 64.81 (range: 12.9–98.2) at the final follow-up. Capsular thickness had a positive predication on the final functional outcomes. The excellent/good rate of radiological reduction was 79.3%. More than 60% of patients had no/slight osteoarthritis. A total of 54 hips (58.7%) had superior radiographic outcomes. The risk factors for inferior radiographic outcomes were capsular quality (odds ratio [OR]: 0.358, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.113–0.931) and capsular thickness (OR: 0.265, 95% CI: 0.134–0.525). Joint stiffness was the most common complication (14.1%). We confirmed the efficacy of this procedure in the treatment of developmental hip dislocation. Patients with poor capsular quality are not suitable for this procedure. With suitable selection according to indications, this procedure can restore the hip rotation center with a low incidence of femoral head necrosis or severe osteoarthritis.
On the request for an advisory opinion on climate change under UNCLOS before the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
Authors: Feria-Tinta Monica
Published: June 2023

Sinking Islands form part of the dystopian reality faced by a world increasingly affected by climate breakdown today. As reported, around the world, ‘many islands are slowly but surely being submerged’. This article enquires into the potential role that the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) may have, in its advisory capacity, in tackling the effects of climate change. In particular, this article deals with two broad issues: (i) it identifies the potential benefits and risks of an ITLOS Advisory Opinion on the issue of climate change under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and (ii) it examines the questions that COSIS recently posed to the tribunal, a number of sub-questions and relevant provisions under UNCLOS are further identified, and whether the Commission on Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law has complied with the procedural rules of ITLOS to trigger its advisory functions.
Post hoc analysis of patients with rheumatoid arthritis under clinical remission in two Japanese Phase 3 trials of peficitinib treatment (RAJ3 and RAJ4)
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiya , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Morita Yoshiaki , Kato Daisuke , Kaneko Yuichiro , Terada Wataru
Published: June 2023

Objective

We evaluated remission rates and their relationship with baseline characteristics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with the oral Janus kinase inhibitor peficitinib.

Methods

This post hoc analysis of data from two Phase 3 studies (RAJ3 and RAJ4) of peficitinib (100 and 150 mg/day) in Asian rheumatoid arthritis patients investigated clinical disease activity index (CDAI) remission and low disease activity rates from baseline to Week 52. CDAI, Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index, and van der Heijde–modified total Sharp score remission/low disease activity rates at Week 52 were evaluated among patients achieving CDAI remission at Weeks 12/28. Logistic regression analyses explored the relationship between baseline characteristics and CDAI remission/low disease activity rates.

Results

CDAI remission rates increased over time in a dose-dependent manner in both peficitinib-treated groups. Most patients achieving CDAI remission at Weeks 12/28 also achieved remission at Week 52. Following the multivariate analysis of demographic and baseline characteristics, factors associated with the achievement of CDAI remission at Week 28 included male sex, low baseline prednisone dose (RAJ3 only), and low baseline Disease Activity Score 28-C-reactive protein (RAJ4 only).

Conclusions

Peficitinib demonstrated persistent efficacy in clinical remission to Week 52. Baseline characteristics associated with CDAI remission were mostly consistent with previous studies using other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.
Level pinning of anti-PT-symmetric circuits for efficient wireless power transfer
Authors: Guo Zhiwei , Yang Fengqing , Zhang Haiyan , Wu Xian , Wu Qiong , Zhu Kejia , Jiang Jun , Jiang Haitao , Yang Yaping , Li Yunhui , Chen Hong
Published: June 2023

Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology based on magnetic resonance (a basic physical phenomenon) can directly transfer energy from the source to the load without wires and other physical contacts, and has been successfully applied to implantable medical devices, electric vehicles, robotic arms and other fields. However, due to the frequency splitting of near-field coupling, the resonant WPT system has some unique limitations, such as poor transmission stability and low efficiency. Here, we propose anti-resonance with level pinning for high-performance WPT. By introducing the anti-resonance mode into the basic WPT platform, we uncover the competition between dissipative coupling and coherent coupling to achieve novel level pinning, and construct an effective anti-parity-time (anti-PT)-symmetric non-Hermitian system that is superior to previous PT-symmetric WPT schemes. On the one hand, the eigenvalue of the anti-PT-symmetric system at resonance frequency is always pure real in both strong and weak coupling regions, and can be used to overcome the transmission efficiency decrease caused by weak coupling, as brought about by, for example, a large size ratio of the transmitter to receiver, or a long transmission distance. On the other hand, due to the level pinning effect of the two kinds of coupling mechanisms, the working frequency of the system is guaranteed to be locked, so frequency tracking is not required when the position and size of the receiver change. Even if the system deviates from the matching condition, an efficient WPT can be realized, thereby demonstrating the robustness of the level pinning. The experimental results show that when the size ratio of the transmitter coil to the receiver coil is 4.29 (which is in the weak coupling region), the transfer efficiency of the anti-PT-symmetric system is nearly 4.3 (3.2) times higher than that of the PT-symmetric system when the matching conditions are satisfied (deviated). With the miniaturization and integration of devices in mind, a synthetic anti-PT-symmetric system is used to realize a robust WPT. Anti-PT-symmetric WPT technology based on the synthetic dimension not only provides a good research platform for the study of abundant non-Hermitian physics, but also provides a means of going beyond traditional near-field applications with resonance mechanisms, such as resonance imaging, wireless sensing and photonic routing.
Magnetic configurations related to the coronal heating and solar wind generation. II. Quantitative characterization of active-region magnetic structure based on the geometric property of force-free α
Authors: Jang Yeonwoo , Yi Sibaek , Magara Tetsuya
Published: June 2023

We investigate the geometric property of a scalar position function, the so-called force-free α, to see how it quantitatively characterizes the magnetic structure of solar active regions, which is reminiscent of the electrostatic potential whose geometric property provides information on the structure of electrified objects. Scatter plots of (α, ∇2α) show characteristic shapes representing twisted magnetic field configurations in two model active regions, one of which is formed by an emerging magnetic flux tube composed of strongly twisted field lines while the other is formed by a weakly twisted flux tube. By generalizing the concept of an axis field line in a uniformly twisted cylindrical flux tube, we introduce a topological object called the principal field line to represent magnetic structure reconstructed using a force-free field model. The principal field line and associated scatter plot of (α, ∇2α) provide a method reminiscent of active-region radiography, which could be used for quantitative classification of active regions with those magnetic configurations responsible for heating coronal plasmas, generating solar winds, and producing potentially harmful coronal explosive phenomena.
Sandwich-Gen on young people and their mental health issues: how to connect financial responsibility and avoid loneliness
Authors: Nawantara Rosalia D , Hanurawan Fattah , Ramli M , Eva Nur , Hidayah Nur
Published: June 2023

The sandwich generation in youth and their mental health issues sometimes go unnoticed. Financial responsibilities that cause social isolation increase the potential to feel lonely. On the other hand, knowledge regarding final responsibility is also needed by young people. Responding to these two things, it is necessary to design policies that are relevant to the need for mental health services for the younger generation as a sandwich generation.
A novel machine learning-assisted clinical diagnosis support model for early identification of pancreatic injuries in patients with blunt abdominal trauma: a cross-national study
Authors: Huang Sai , Zhang Xuan , Yang Bo , Teng Yue , Mao Li , Wang Lili , Wang Jing , Zhou Xuan , Chen Li , Yao Yuan , Feng Cong
Published: June 2023

Background

The recognition of pancreatic injury in blunt abdominal trauma is often severely delayed in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to develop a machine learning model to support clinical diagnosis for early detection of abdominal trauma.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed of a large intensive care unit database (Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care [MIMIC]-IV) for model development and internal validation of the model, and performed outer validation based on a cross-national data set. Logistic regression was used to develop three models (PI-12, PI-12-2, and PI-24). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine variables in each model. The primary outcome was early detection of a pancreatic injury of any grade in patients with blunt abdominal trauma in the first 24 hours after hospitalization.

Results

The incidence of pancreatic injuries was 5.56% (n = 18) and 6.06% (n = 6) in the development (n = 324) and internal validation (n = 99) cohorts, respectively. Internal validation cohort showed good discrimination with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71–0.96) for PI-24. PI-24 had the best AUC, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of all models, and thus it was chosen as the final model to support clinical diagnosis. PI-24 performed well in the outer validation cohort with an AUC value of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.65–0.98), specificity of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.91–1.00), and PPV of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.00–1.00).

Conclusion

A novel machine learning-based model was developed to support clinical diagnosis to detect pancreatic injuries in patients with blunt abdominal trauma at an early stage.
The Use of Free Vascularized Fibula Graft in Spinal Reconstruction: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Authors: Riasa I Nyoman P. , Kawilarang Bertha
Published: June 2023

Background:

Reconstructive surgeons frequently face large structural abnormalities after spine resection. Unlike defects in the mandible or long bone, where a free vascularized fibular graft (FVFG) is a popular alternative for segmental osseous reconstruction, data on the use of an FVFG in the spine are still limited. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively describe and analyze the outcome of spinal reconstruction utilizing FVFG.

Methods:

The extensive search included the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane for relevant studies published up to January 20, 2023, according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Demographic data, flap success, recipient vessels, and flap-related complications were evaluated.

Results:

We identified 25 eligible studies involving 150 patients, consisting of 82 men and 68 women. Spinal reconstruction utilizing FVFG is mostly reported in the case of spinal neoplasm, followed by spinal infection (osteomyelitis and spinal tuberculosis) and spinal deformities. The cervical spine is the most common vertebral defect reported in the studies. All studies summarized in the present study reported successful spinal reconstruction, while wound infection was the most reported postoperative complication after spinal reconstruction utilizing FVFG.

Conclusions:

The results of the current study highlight the ability and superiority of using FVFG in spinal reconstruction. Despite being technically challenging, this strategy provides enormous benefits to patients. However, a further additional large-scale study is required to corroborate these findings.
Deep RNA-seq of male and female murine sensory neuron subtypes after nerve injury
Authors: Barry Allison M. , Zhao Na , Yang Xun , Bennett David L. , Baskozos Georgios
Published: June 2023

Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons have been well described for their role in driving both acute and chronic pain. Although nerve injury is known to cause transcriptional dysregulation, how this differs across neuronal subtypes and the impact of sex is unclear. Here, we study the deep transcriptional profiles of multiple murine DRG populations in early and late pain states while considering sex. We have exploited currently available transgenics to label numerous subpopulations for fluorescent-activated cell sorting and subsequent transcriptomic analysis. Using bulk tissue samples, we are able to circumvent the issues of low transcript coverage and drop-outs seen with single-cell data sets. This increases our power to detect novel and even subtle changes in gene expression within neuronal subtypes and discuss sexual dimorphism at the neuronal subtype level. We have curated this resource into an accessible database for other researchers (https://livedataoxford.shinyapps.io/drg-directory/). We see both stereotyped and unique subtype signatures in injured states after nerve injury at both an early and late timepoint. Although all populations contribute to a general injury signature, subtype enrichment changes can also be seen. Within populations, there is not a strong intersection of sex and injury, but previously unknown sex differences in naïve states—particularly in Aβ-RA + Aδ-low threshold mechanoreceptors—still contribute to differences in injured neurons.
Inhibition of persistent sodium current reduces spreading depression-evoked allodynia in a mouse model of migraine with aura
Authors: Morais Andreia , Qin Tao , Ayata Cenk , Harriott Andrea M.
Published: June 2023

We investigated the efficacy of inhibiting persistent Na+ currents (INaP) in acute rodent models of migraine with aura. Cortical spreading depression (SD) is a slow wave of neuronal and glial depolarization that underlies the migraine aura. Minimally invasive optogenetic SD (opto-SD) causes periorbital mechanical allodynia in mice, suggesting SD activates trigeminal nociceptors. Persistent Na+ currents contribute to neuronal intrinsic excitability and have been implicated in peripheral and cortical excitation. We examined a preferential inhibitor of INaP, GS-458967, on SD-induced periorbital allodynia, SD susceptibility, and formalin-induced peripheral pain. Periorbital mechanical allodynia was tested in male and female Thy1-ChR2-YFP mice after a single opto-SD event using manual von Frey monofilaments. GS-458967 (1 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle was dosed immediately after opto-SD induction, and allodynia was tested 1 hour later. The electrical SD threshold and KCl-induced SD frequency were examined in the cortex in male Sprague–Dawley rats after 1 hour pretreatment with GS-458967 (3 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle. Effects of GS-458967 (0.5-5 mg/kg, p.o.) on spontaneous formalin hind paw behavior and locomotion were also examined in male CD-1 mice. GS-458967 suppressed opto-SD–induced periorbital allodynia and decreased susceptibility to SD. GS-458967 also diminished early and late phase formalin-induced paw-licking behavior with early phase paw licking responding to lower doses. GS-458967 up to 3 mg/kg had no impact on locomotor activity. These data provide evidence that INaP inhibition can reduce opto-SD–induced trigeminal pain behavior and support INaP inhibition as an antinociceptive strategy for both abortive and preventive treatment of migraine.
Ambulatory daytime blood pressure versus tonometric blood pressure measurements in the laboratory: effect of posture
Authors: Värri Emmi , Suojanen Lauri , Koskela Jenni K. , Choudhary Manoj K. , Tikkakoski Antti , Kähönen Mika , Nevalainen Pasi I. , Mustonen Jukka , Pörsti Ilkka
Published: June 2023

Objective

To compare blood pressure (BP) in tonometric radial artery recordings during passive head-up tilt with ambulatory recordings and evaluate possible laboratory cutoff values for hypertension.

Methods

Laboratory BP and ambulatory BP were recorded in normotensive (n = 69), unmedicated hypertensive (n = 190), and medicated hypertensive (n = 151) subjects.

Results

Mean age was 50.2 years, BMI 27.7 kg/m2, ambulatory daytime BP 139/87 mmHg, and 276 were male (65%). As supine-to-upright changes in SBP ranged from −52 to +30 mmHg, and in DBP from -21 to +32 mmHg, the mean values of BP supine and upright measurements were compared with ambulatory BP. The mean(supine+upright) systolic laboratory BP was corresponding to ambulatory level (difference +1 mmHg), while mean(supine+upright) DBP was 4 mmHg lower (P < 0.05) than ambulatory value. Correlograms indicated that laboratory 136/82 mmHg corresponded to ambulatory 135/85 mmHg. When compared with ambulatory 135/85 mmHg, the sensitivity and specificity of laboratory 136/82 mmHg to define hypertension were 71.5% and 77.3% for SBP, and 71.7% and 72.8%, for DBP, respectively. The laboratory cutoff 136/82 mmHg classified 311/410 subjects similarly to ambulatory BP as normotensive or hypertensive, 68 were hypertensive only in ambulatory, while 31 were hypertensive only in laboratory measurements.

Conclusion

BP responses to upright posture were variable. When compared with ambulatory BP, mean(supine+upright) laboratory cutoff 136/82 mmHg classified 76% of subjects similarly as normotensive or hypertensive. In the remaining 24% the discordant results may be attributed to white-coat or masked hypertension, or higher physical activity during out-of-office recordings.
Artificial Intelligence in Minimally Invasive Adrenalectomy: Using Deep Learning to Identify the Left Adrenal Vein
Authors: Sengun Berke , Iscan Yalin , Tataroglu Ozbulak Gozde A. , Kumbasar Nida , Egriboz Emre , Sormaz Ismail C. , Aksakal Nihat , Deniz Sencer M. , Haklidir Mehmet , Tunca Fatih , Giles Senyurek Yasemin
Published: June 2023

Background:

Minimally invasive adrenalectomy is the main surgical treatment option for the resection of adrenal masses. Recognition and ligation of adrenal veins are critical parts of adrenal surgery. The utilization of artificial intelligence and deep learning algorithms to identify anatomic structures during laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgery can be used to provide real-time guidance.

Methods:

In this experimental feasibility study, intraoperative videos of patients who underwent minimally invasive transabdominal left adrenalectomy procedures between 2011 and 2022 in a tertiary endocrine referral center were retrospectively analyzed and used to develop an artificial intelligence model. Semantic segmentation of the left adrenal vein with deep learning was performed. To train a model, 50 random images per patient were captured during the identification and dissection of the left adrenal vein. A randomly selected 70% of data was used to train models while 15% for testing and 15% for validation with 3 efficient stage-wise feature pyramid networks (ESFPNet). Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and intersection over union scores were used to evaluate segmentation accuracy.

Results:

A total of 40 videos were analyzed. Annotation of the left adrenal vein was performed in 2000 images. The segmentation network training on 1400 images was used to identify the left adrenal vein in 300 test images. The mean DSC and sensitivity for the highest scoring efficient stage-wise feature pyramid network B-2 network were 0.77 (±0.16 SD) and 0.82 (±0.15 SD), respectively, while the maximum DSC was 0.93, suggesting a successful prediction of anatomy.

Conclusions:

Deep learning algorithms can predict the left adrenal vein anatomy with high performance and can potentially be utilized to identify critical anatomy during adrenal surgery and provide real-time guidance in the near future.
The Molecular Phenotype of Kidney Transplants: Insights From the MMDx Project
Authors: Halloran Philip F. , Madill-Thomsen Katelynn S. , Reeve Jeff
Published: June 2023

This review outlines the molecular disease states in kidney transplant biopsies as documented in the development of the Molecular Microscope Diagnostic System (MMDx). These states include T cell–mediated rejection (TCMR), antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), recent parenchymal injury, and irreversible atrophy-fibrosis. The MMDx project, initiated through a Genome Canada grant, is a collaboration involving many centers. MMDx uses genome-wide microarrays to measure transcript expression, interprets the results using ensembles of machine learning algorithms, and generates a report. Experimental studies in mouse models and cell lines were extensively used to annotate molecular features and interpret the biopsy results. Over time, MMDx revealed unexpected aspects of the disease states: for example, AMR is usually C4d-negative and often DSA-negative, and subtle “Minor” AMR-like states are frequent. Parenchymal injury correlates with both reduced glomerular filtration rate and increased risk of graft loss. In kidneys with rejection, injury features, not rejection activity, are the strongest predictors of graft survival. Both TCMR and AMR produce injury, but TCMR induces immediate nephron injury and accelerates atrophy-fibrosis, whereas AMR induces microcirculation and glomerular damage that slowly leads to nephron failure and atrophy-fibrosis. Plasma donor-derived cell-free DNA levels correlate strongly with AMR activity, acute kidney injury, and in a complex way with TCMR activity. Thus, the MMDx project has documented the molecular processes that underlie the clinical and histologic states in kidney transplants, and provides a diagnostic tool that can be used to calibrate biomarkers, optimize histology interpretation, and guide clinical trials.
Association of Historical Redlining and Present-Day Social Vulnerability with Cancer Screening
Authors: Moazzam Zorays , Woldesenbet Selamawit , Endo Yutaka , Alaimo Laura , Lima Henrique A , Cloyd Jordan , Dillhoff Mary , Ejaz Aslam , Pawlik Timothy M
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:

The Healthy People 2030 initiative has set national cancer screening targets at 77.1%, 74.4%, and 84.3% for breast, colon, and cervical cancers, respectively. We sought to assess the association between historical redlining relative and present-day social vulnerability on screening targets for breast, colon, and cervical cancer.

STUDY DESIGN:

Data on national census-tract level cancer screening prevalence and social vulnerability index in 2020 was extracted from the CDC PLACES and CDC social vulnerability index databases, respectively. Census tracts were then assigned Home-Owners Loan Corporation grades (A: “Best”, B: “Still Desirable”, C: “Definitely Declining,” and D: “Hazardous/Redlined”). Mixed-effects logistic regression and mediation analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between Home-Owners Loan Corporation grades and achievement of cancer screening targets.

RESULT:

Among 11,831 census tracts, 3,712 were classified as redlined (A: n = 842, 7.1% vs B: n = 2,314, 19.6% vs C: n = 4,963, 42.0% vs D: n = 3,712, 31.4%). Notably, 62.8% (n = 7,427), 21.2% (n = 2,511), and 27.3% (n = 3,235) of tracts met screening targets for breast, colon, and cervical cancer, respectively. After adjusting for present-day social vulnerability index and access to care metrics (population to primary care physician ratio and distance to nearest healthcare facility), redlined tracts were markedly less likely to meet breast (odds ratio [OR] 0.76, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.91), colon (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.41), and cervical (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.27) cancer screening targets compared with the “Best” tracts. Notably, poverty, lack of education, and limited English proficiency, among others, mediated the adverse effect of historical redlining on cancer screening.

CONCLUSIONS:

Redlining as a surrogate for structural racism continues to adversely impact cancer screening. Policies that aim to make access to preventive cancer care more equitable for historically marginalized communities should be a public priority.
Planar cell polarity: intracellular asymmetry and supracellular gradients of Frizzled
Authors: Casal José , Storer Freya , Lawrence Peter A.
Published: June 2023

Planar cell polarity (PCP), the coordinated orientation of structures such as cilia, mammalian hairs or insect bristles, depends on at least two molecular systems. We have argued that these two systems use similar mechanisms; each depending on a supracellular gradient of concentration that spans a field of cells. In a linked paper, we studied the Dachsous/Fat system. We found a graded distribution of Dachsous
in vivo
in a segment of the pupal epidermis in the abdomen of
Drosophila
. Here we report a similar study of the key molecule for the Starry Night/Frizzled or ‘core’ system. We measure the distribution of the receptor Frizzled on the cell membranes of all cells of one segment in the living pupal abdomen of
Drosophila
. We find a supracellular gradient that falls about 17% in concentration from the front to the rear of the segment. We present some evidence that the gradient then resets in the most anterior cells of the next segment back. We find an intracellular asymmetry in all the cells, the posterior membrane of each cell carrying about 22% more Frizzled than the anterior membrane. These direct molecular measurements add to earlier evidence that the two systems of PCP act independently.