bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serine proteases profiles of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis clinical isolates with distinct susceptibilities to antimony
Authors: Zabala-Peñafiel Anabel , Dias-Lopes Geovane , Cysne-Finkelstein Léa , Conceição-Silva Fátima , Miranda Luciana de Freitas Campos , Fagundes Aline , Schubach Armando de Oliveira , Fernandes Pimentel Maria Inês , Souza-Silva Franklin , Machado Lucas de Almeida , Alves Carlos Roberto
Published: July 2021

Glucantime (SbV) is the first-line treatment against American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis. Resistance cases to this drug have been reported and related to host characteristics and parasite phenotypes. In this study, 12 Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis isolates from patients that presented clinical cure (Responders—R) and relapse or therapeutic failure (Non-responders—NR) after treatment with antimony, were analyzed. These parasites were assessed by in vitro susceptibility to SbIII and SbV, serine proteases activity measured with substrate (z-FR-AMC) and specific inhibitors (TLCK, AEBSF and PMSF). In vitro susceptibility of axenic amastigotes to SbIII showed a significant difference between R and NR groups. The protease assays showed that TLCK inhibited almost 100% of activity in both axenic amastigotes and promastigotes while AEBSF inhibited around 70%, and PMSF showed lower inhibition of some isolates. Principal component and clustering analysis performed with these data yielded one homogeneous cluster with only NR isolates and three heterogeneous clusters with R and NR isolates. Additionally, differential expression of subtilisins (LbrM.13.0860 and LbrM.28.2570) and TXNPx (LbrM.15.1080) was evaluated in promastigotes and axenic amastigotes from both groups. The results showed a higher expression of LbrM.13.0860 and LbrM.15.1080 genes in axenic amastigotes, while LbrM.28.2570 gene had the lowest expression in all isolates, regardless of the parasite form. The data presented here show a phenotypic heterogeneity among the parasites, suggesting that exploration of in vitro phenotypes based on SbIII and serine proteases profiles can aid in the characterization of L. (V.) braziliensis clinical isolates.
Reciprocal interaction between SIRT6 and APC/C regulates genomic stability
Authors: Wang Helin , Feng Kangze , Wang Qingtao , Deng Haiteng
Published: July 2021

SIRT6 is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that plays an important role in mitosis fidelity and genome stability. In the present study, we found that SIRT6 overexpression leads to mitosis defects and aneuploidy. We identified SIRT6 as a novel substrate of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), which is a master regulator of mitosis. Both CDH1 and CDC20, co-activators of APC/C, mediated SIRT6 degradation via the ubiquitination-proteasome pathway. Reciprocally, SIRT6 also deacetylated CDH1 at lysine K135 and promoted its degradation, resulting in an increase in APC/C-CDH1-targeted substrates, dysfunction in centrosome amplification, and chromosome instability. Our findings demonstrate the importance of SIRT6 for genome integrity during mitotic progression and reveal how SIRT6 and APC/C cooperate to drive mitosis.
Experimental demonstration of a concave grating for spin waves in the Rowland arrangement
Authors: Papp Ádám , Kiechle Martina , Mendisch Simon , Ahrens Valentin , Sahin Levent , Seitner Lukas , Porod Wolfgang , Csaba Gyorgy , Becherer Markus
Published: July 2021

We experimentally demonstrate the operation of a Rowland-type concave grating for spin waves, with potential application as a microwave spectrometer. In this device geometry, spin waves are coherently excited on a diffraction grating and form an interference pattern that focuses spin waves to a point corresponding to their frequency. The diffraction grating was created by focused-ion-beam irradiation, which was found to locally eliminate the ferrimagnetic properties of YIG, without removing the material. We found that in our experiments spin waves were created by an indirect excitation mechanism, by exploiting nonlinear resonance between the grating and the coplanar waveguide. Although our demonstration does not include separation of multiple frequency components, since this is not possible if the nonlinear excitation mechanism is used, we believe that using linear excitation the same device geometry could be used as a spectrometer. Our work paves the way for complex spin-wave optic devices—chips that replicate the functionality of integrated optical devices on a chip-scale.
Impact of rescanning and repositioning on radiomic features employing a multi-object phantom in magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Bernatz Simon , Zhdanovich Yauheniya , Ackermann Jörg , Koch Ina , Wild Peter J. , dos Santos Daniel Pinto , Vogl Thomas J. , Kaltenbach Benjamin , Rosbach Nicolas
Published: July 2021

Our purpose was to analyze the robustness and reproducibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomic features. We constructed a multi-object fruit phantom to perform MRI acquisition as scan-rescan using a 3 Tesla MRI scanner. We applied T2-weighted (T2w) half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE), T2w turbo spin-echo (TSE), T2w fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), T2 map and T1-weighted (T1w) TSE. Images were resampled to isotropic voxels. Fruits were segmented. The workflow was repeated by a second reader and the first reader after a pause of one month. We applied PyRadiomics to extract 107 radiomic features per fruit and sequence from seven feature classes. We calculated concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) and dynamic range (DR) to obtain measurements of feature robustness. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess intra- and inter-observer reproducibility. We calculated Gini scores to test the pairwise discriminative power specific for the features and MRI sequences. We depict Bland Altmann plots of features with top discriminative power (Mann–Whitney U test). Shape features were the most robust feature class. T2 map was the most robust imaging technique (robust features (rf), n = 84). HASTE sequence led to the least amount of rf (n = 20). Intra-observer ICC was excellent (≥ 0.75) for nearly all features (max–min; 99.1–97.2%). Deterioration of ICC values was seen in the inter-observer analyses (max–min; 88.7–81.1%). Complete robustness across all sequences was found for 8 features. Shape features and T2 map yielded the highest pairwise discriminative performance. Radiomics validity depends on the MRI sequence and feature class. T2 map seems to be the most promising imaging technique with the highest feature robustness, high intra-/inter-observer reproducibility and most promising discriminative power.
Feature importance correlation from machine learning indicates functional relationships between proteins and similar compound binding characteristics
Authors: Rodríguez-Pérez Raquel , Bajorath Jürgen
Published: July 2021

Machine learning is widely applied in drug discovery research to predict molecular properties and aid in the identification of active compounds. Herein, we introduce a new approach that uses model-internal information from compound activity predictions to uncover relationships between target proteins. On the basis of a large-scale analysis generating and comparing machine learning models for more than 200 proteins, feature importance correlation analysis is shown to detect similar compound binding characteristics. Furthermore, rather unexpectedly, the analysis also reveals functional relationships between proteins that are independent of active compounds and binding characteristics. Feature importance correlation analysis does not depend on specific representations, algorithms, or metrics and is generally applicable as long as predictive models can be derived. Moreover, the approach does not require or involve explainable or interpretable machine learning, but only access to feature weights or importance values. On the basis of our findings, the approach represents a new facet of machine learning in drug discovery with potential for practical applications.
Human blood microRNA hsa-miR-21-5p induces vitellogenin in the mosquito Aedes aegypti
Authors: Perdomo Hugo D. , Hussain Mazhar , Parry Rhys , Etebari Kayvan , Hedges Lauren M. , Zhang Guangmei , Schulz Benjamin L. , Asgari Sassan
Published: July 2021

Mosquito vectors transmit various diseases through blood feeding, required for their egg development. Hence, blood feeding is a major physiological event in their life cycle, during which hundreds of genes are tightly regulated. Blood is a rich source of proteins for mosquitoes, but also contains many other molecules including microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we found that human blood miRNAs are transported abundantly into the fat body tissue of Aedes aegypti, a key metabolic center in post-blood feeding reproductive events, where they target and regulate mosquito genes. Using an artificial diet spiked with the mimic of an abundant and stable human blood miRNA, hsa-miR-21-5p, and proteomics analysis, we found over 40 proteins showing differential expression in female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes after feeding. Of interest, we found that the miRNA positively regulates the vitellogenin gene, coding for a yolk protein produced in the mosquito fat body and then transported to the ovaries as a protein source for egg production. Inhibition of hsa-miR-21-5p followed by human blood feeding led to a statistically insignificant reduction in progeny production. The results provide another example of the involvement of small regulatory molecules in the interaction of taxonomically vastly different taxa.
Carbene Complexes — Complexes with MC Double Bonds
Authors: Nakazawa Hiroshi
Published: July 2021

The term “carbene” is applied to organic compounds described as CR2. A transition metal complex having this as a ligand is referred to as a “carbene complex”, and may be written MCR2 with a double bond between M and C. There is a large difference in stability and reactivity between complexes with and without heteroatoms (such as N, O, and S atoms) on the carbene carbon. They are thus frequently distinguished by referring to the former as Fischer carbene complexes and to the latter as Schrock carbene complexes, named for the chemists who first synthesized them. This chapter describes the features and reactivity of carbene complexes.
Enhanced crystallisation kinetics of edible lipids through the action of a bifurcated streamer
Authors: Youngs Jack J. , Birkin Peter R. , Lee Juhee , Truscott Tadd T. , Martini Silvana
Published: July 2021

The type of environment generated by an ultrasonic source is shown to alter the crystallisation of an oil. In particular a bifurcated streamer, with its unusual dual cluster, is surprisingly efficient at accelerating crystallisation.
Electrochemical sensor based on N-doped carbon dots decorated with manganese oxide nanospheres for simultaneous detection of p-aminophenol and paracetamol
Authors: Feng Yifan , Li Yangguang , Yu Shiyi , Yang Qiaoran , Tong Yanbin , Ye Bang-Ce
Published: July 2021

The diagram shows the preparation of the electrode modification material, N-CMOS, and its application to the electrochemical detection of AP and PAP.
Varying the hydrophobic spacer to influence multicomponent gelation
Authors: Panja Santanu , Dietrich Bart , Trabold Adriana , Zydel Agata , Qadir Aleena , Adams Dave J.
Published: July 2021

We investigate the effect of hydrophobic spacer on gel properties in a multicomponent system.
Optimization of the photo-orientation rate of an azobenzene-containing polymer based on a kinetic model of photoinduced ordering
Authors: Bogdanov Alexey V. , Bobrovsky Alexey Yu. , Vorobiev Andrey Kh.
Published: July 2021

The explicit dependence of the rate of photoinduced ordering (photo-orientation) of an azobenzene-containing liquid-crystalline polymer on the photostationary concentration of cis-azobenzene has been predicted theoretically and found experimentally.
Dithienocoronene diimide (DTCDI)-derived triads for high-performance air-stable, solution-processed balanced ambipolar organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Ran Huijuan , Li Fei , Zheng Rong , Ni Wenjing , Lei Zheng , Xie Fuli , Duan Xuewei , Han Ruijun , Pan Na , Hu Jian-Yong
Published: July 2021

Three end-capping π-conjugated DTCDI-based triads and their applications in high-performance, air-stable, solution-processed, balanced ambipolar OFETs are reported.
High carrier separation efficiency for a defective g-C3N4 with polarization effect and defect engineering: mechanism, properties and prospects
Authors: Bai Xiaojuan , Jia Tianqi , Wang Xuyu , Hou Shanshan , Hao Derek , Bingjie-Ni
Published: July 2021

Different types of defects in g-C3N4 induce polarization effect to promote the separation of charge carriers and improve the photocatalytic efficiency.
Stability limits of a red Carthamin–cellulose complex as a potential food colourant
Authors: Baerle Alexei , Savcenco Alexandra , Tatarov Pavel , Fetea Florinela , Ivanova Raisa , Radu Oxana
Published: July 2021

The purple (red) colour of the Carthamin–cellulose complex (CCC) in wet state is stable at pH 2–6 and at temperatures of 60–70 °C for 15–30 min. These conditions correspond to food preparation, making CCC a promising food colour.
High-throughput screening of single metal atom anchored on N-doped boron phosphide for N2 reduction
Authors: Chen Yibo , Zhang Xinyu , Qin Jiaqian , Liu Riping
Published: July 2021

We systematically investigated the potential of MN3-BP candidates as efficient NRR catalysts by high-throughput DFT screening, revealing that MoN3-BP possesses good selectivity and, satisfactorily, an ultralow limiting potential of −0.25 V.
Electrochemical synthesis of isobenzofuran-1-imines using oxidative halocyclization of o-alkynylbenzamides
Authors: Bhargava Reddy Mandapati , Peri Rajagopal , Bhagavathiachari Muthuraaman , Anandhan Ramasamy
Published: July 2021

The use of cheap and highly stable NaX (X = Cl, Br and I) as a halide ion source is impressive for the synthesis of halogenated isobenzofuran-1-imines under electrochemical conditions.
Does the oxa-Michael reaction of 2-trifluoromethacrylic acid lead to fluorinated polyesters?
Authors: Tran-Do Minh-Loan , Eid Nadim , Totée Cédric , Gimello Olinda , Améduri Bruno
Published: July 2021

2-Trifluoromethacrylic acid (MAF) is a peculiar fluorinated functional monomer.
An anthracene based conjugated triazine framework as a luminescent probe for selective sensing of p-nitroaniline and Fe(iii) ions
Authors: Hong Haitao , Wu Ni , Han Mingxi , Guo Zhiyong , Zhan Hongbing , Du Shaowu , Chen Banglin
Published: July 2021

An anthracene based conjugated triazine framework (DPA-CTF) has been constructed as a luminescent probe for selective sensing of p-nitroaniline and Fe(iii) ions.
Nylon membranes modified by gold nanoparticles as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates for several pesticides detection
Authors: Yu Haitao , Lyu Qian , Chen Xueli , Guo Dongyi , He Dingping , Jia Xiwen , Han Lujia , Xiao Weihua
Published: July 2021

Nylon membranes modified by gold nanoparticles as substrates showed preferable test reproducibility and appropriate sensitivity. This process provided a low-cost and reliable SERS testing strategy for qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Photocatalytic degradation of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine on TiO2/SBA-15 under 185/254 nm vacuum-ultraviolet
Authors: Huang Yuanzheng , Jia Ying , Hou Ruomeng , Huang Zhiyong , Shen Keke , Jin Guofeng , Hou Li'an
Published: July 2021

Mesoporous TiO2/SBA-15 under VUV irradiation: enhanced photocatalytic oxidation for UDMH degradation.
A photoresponsive palladium complex of an azopyridyl-triazole ligand: light-controlled solubility drives catalytic activity in the Suzuki coupling reaction
Authors: Kunfi Attila , Jablonkai István , Gazdag Tamás , Mayer Péter J. , Kalapos Péter Pál , Németh Krisztina , Holczbauer Tamás , London Gábor
Published: July 2021

A palladium complex of a click-derived pyridyl-triazol ligand with photoswitchable solubility is reported.
Color-tunable arylaminoanthraquinone dyes through hydrogen-bond-assisted charge transfer interaction
Authors: Takeda Takashi , Kasahara Yotaro , Akutagawa Tomoyuki
Published: July 2021

A color-tunable anthraquinone library based on arylaminoanthraquinone was prepared through hydrogen-bond-assisted charge transfer interaction.
Parameter optimization and yield prediction of cathode coating separation process for direct recycling of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Liurui , Yang Tairan , Li Zheng
Published: July 2021

The pre-treatment efficiency of the direct recycling strategy in recovering end-of-life Li-ion batteries is predicted with levels of control factors.
Nanovesicles drive a tunable dynamical arrest of microparticles
Authors: Guevara-Pantoja Francisco Javier , Ruiz-Suárez J. C.
Published: July 2021

A dynamical arrest in an extremely dilute asymmetric mixture of nanovesicles and polystyrene microparticles was discovered, where energy, instead of entropy, is the main mechanism to produce it.
Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray diffraction analyses of the hydration reaction of pure magnesium oxide and chemically modified magnesium oxide
Authors: Kurosawa Ryo , Takeuchi Masato , Ryu Junichi
Published: July 2021

The effect of LiCl and LiOH on the hydration of MgO was investigated by XRD and FT-IR measurements, which can help to identify dopants that can effectively catalyze the Mg(OH)2 dehydration and MgO hydration processes.
Predicting chemical shifts with graph neural networks
Authors: Yang Ziyue , Chakraborty Maghesree , White Andrew D.
Published: July 2021

This model can predict chemical shifts on proteins and small molecules purely from atom elements and coordinates. It can capture important phenomena like hydrogen bonding induced downfield shift, thus can be used to infer intermolecular interactions.
Phase-selective active sites on ordered/disordered titanium dioxide enable exceptional photocatalytic ammonia synthesis
Authors: Lee Jinsun , Liu Xinghui , Kumar Ashwani , Hwang Yosep , Lee Eunji , Yu Jianmin , Kim Young Dok , Lee Hyoyoung
Published: July 2021

This work highlights the importance of a rational design for more energetically suitable nitrogen reduction reaction routes and mechanisms by regulating the electronic band structures with phase-selective defect sites.
Stoichiometric tuning of lattice flexibility and Na diffusion in NaAlSiO4: quasielastic neutron scattering experiment and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Gupta Mayanak K. , Mittal Ranjan , Kumar Sajan , Singh Baltej , Jalarvo Niina H. , Delaire Olivier , Shukla Rakesh , Achary Srungarpu N. , Kolesnikov Alexander I. , Tyagi Avesh K. , Chaplot Samrath L.
Published: July 2021

Na diffusion enabled by stoichiometric tuning of lattice flexibility.
Rational surface engineering of MXene@N-doped hollow carbon dual-confined cobalt sulfides/selenides for advanced aluminum batteries
Authors: Yao Long , Ju Shunlong , Yu Xuebin
Published: July 2021

Rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) based on multivalent ion transfer have attracted great attention due to their large specific capacities, natural abundance, and high safety of metallic Al anodes.
Environment stable ionic organohydrogel as a self-powered integrated system for wearable electronics
Authors: Huang Jianren , Gu Jianfeng , Liu Jiantao , Guo Jinquan , Liu Huiyong , Hou Kun , Jiang Xiancai , Yang Xiaoxiang , Guan Lunhui
Published: July 2021

A rationally designed hydrogel either as the electrolyte for a supercapacitor or the sensing element for a functional component is proposed. With the help of machine learning, the systems present promising applications in wearable devices.
Exploring swift-heavy ion irradiation of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells for green-emitters: the use of Raman and photoluminescence to assess the irradiation effects on the optical and structural properties
Authors: Cardoso José , Ben Sedrine Nabiha , Jóźwik Przemysław , Sequeira Miguel C. , Wetzel Christian M. , Grygiel Clara , Lorenz Katharina , Monteiro Teresa , Correia Maria Rosário P.
Published: July 2021

Xe SHI irradiation of InGaN/GaN MQWs leads to surface damage and intermixing at the interfaces. The introduced defects cause a strong quenching of the luminescence as well as a change in the excitation mechanisms.
Regioregular, yet ductile and amorphous indacenodithiophene-based polymers with high-mobility for stretchable plastic transistors
Authors: Cho Yongjoon , Park Sohee , Jeong Seonghun , Yang Heesoo , Lee Byongkyu , Lee Sang Myeon , Lee Byoung Hoon , Yang Changduk
Published: July 2021

Regioregular yet near-amorphous indacenodithiophene-based polymers exhibit superior deformability as well as high mobility values up to 1.67 cm2 V−1 s−1.
A plethora of structural transitions, distortions and modulations in Cu-doped BiMn7O12 quadruple perovskites
Authors: Belik Alexei A. , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Tanaka Masahiko , Johnson Roger D. , Khalyavin Dmitry D.
Published: July 2021

BiCuxMn7−xO12 hosts 13 distinct crystallographic phases including several incommensurately modulated structures and re-entrant phase transitions originating from competing electronic instabilities.
C-type cytochrome-initiated reduction of bacterial lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases
Authors: Branch Jessie , Rajagopal Badri S. , Paradisi Alessandro , Yates Nick , Lindley Peter J. , Smith Jake , Hollingsworth Kristian , Turnbull W. Bruce , Henrissat Bernard , Parkin Alison , Berry Alan , Hemsworth Glyn R.
Published: July 2021

The release of glucose from lignocellulosic waste for subsequent fermentation into biofuels holds promise for securing humankind's future energy needs. The discovery of a set of copper-dependent enzymes known as lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) has galvanised new research in this area. LPMOs act by oxidatively introducing chain breaks into cellulose and other polysaccharides, boosting the ability of cellulases to act on the substrate. Although several proteins have been implicated as electron sources in fungal LPMO biochemistry, no equivalent bacterial LPMO electron donors have been previously identified, although the proteins Cbp2D and E from Cellvibrio japonicus have been implicated as potential candidates. Here we analyse a small c-type cytochrome (CjX183) present in Cellvibrio japonicus Cbp2D, and show that it can initiate bacterial CuII/I LPMO reduction and also activate LPMO-catalyzed cellulose-degradation. In the absence of cellulose, CjX183-driven reduction of the LPMO results in less H2O2 production from O2, and correspondingly less oxidative damage to the enzyme than when ascorbate is used as the reducing agent. Significantly, using CjX183 as the activator maintained similar cellulase boosting levels relative to the use of an equivalent amount of ascorbate. Our results therefore add further evidence to the impact that the choice of electron source can have on LPMO action. Furthermore, the study of Cbp2D and other similar proteins may yet reveal new insight into the redox processes governing polysaccharide degradation in bacteria.
Soluble (pro)renin receptor: a novel ligand for angiotensin II type 1 receptor?
Authors: Torimoto Keiichi , Eguchi Satoru
Published: July 2021

This commentary highlights the study entitled ‘Soluble (pro)renin receptor induces endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in mice with diet-induced obesity via activation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor’ presented by Fu et al. published in Clinical Science (Clin Sci (Lond) (2021) 135(6), https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20201047). The authors evaluated the role of the soluble (pro)renin receptor (sPRR), a cleavage product of the prorenin receptor (PRR) by the site 1 protease, as a ligand for angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R). They presented for the first time that sPRR directly interacts with AT1R, causing nuclear factor-κB activation, inflammation, apoptosis, and endothelial dysfunction in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, the interaction between sPRR and AT1R was responsible for endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in diet-induced obesity mice. These results provide a potential mechanism for obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Thus, the sPRR/AT1R complex may be a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction.
Design of a novel CEM‐FRM‐based low‐complexity channelised radar transmitter
Authors: Zhang Wenxu , Cui Xinlei , Yu Yongzhi , Yuan Binghua
Published: July 2021

With the development of the radar technology, it is required that a radar has wider bandwidth and can transmit multiple signals simultaneously. The polyphase digital channelised transmitter structure can transmit multiple signals simultaneously and increase the bandwidth of the output signal. However, in order to reduce the frequency aliasing and improve the spectrum utilisation, the prototype filter needs to have sharp transition bandwidth. The design of the prototype filter directly affects the performance of the radar transmitter. Using the complex‐exponential modulation frequency‐response masking (CEM‐FRM) approach to design the prototype filter can obtain both sharp transition bandwidth and low complexity. The application of a polyphase structure can further reduce the complexity of the filter bank and make the sampling rate of the output signal several times the field programmable gate array operating frequency. The proposed CEM‐FRM‐based low complexity polyphase channelised radar transmitter is verified by MATLAB simulation and the theoretical complexity of the proposed CEM‐FRM‐based channelised radar transmitter structure is compared with other methods.
Well-balanced treatment of gravity in astrophysical fluid dynamics simulations at low Mach numbers
Authors: Edelmann P. V. F. , Horst L. , Berberich J. P. , Andrassy R. , Higl J. , Leidi G. , Klingenberg C. , Röpke F. K.
Published: July 2021

Context.Accurate simulations of flows in stellar interiors are crucial to improving our understanding of stellar structure and evolution. Because the typically slow flows are merely tiny perturbations on top of a close balance between gravity and the pressure gradient, such simulations place heavy demands on numerical hydrodynamics schemes.

Aims.We demonstrate how discretization errors on grids of reasonable size can lead to spurious flows orders of magnitude faster than the physical flow. Well-balanced numerical schemes can deal with this problem.

Methods.Three such schemes were applied in the implicit, finite-volume SEVEN-LEAGUEHYDROcode in combination with a low-Mach-number numerical flux function. We compare how the schemes perform in four numerical experiments addressing some of the challenges imposed by typical problems in stellar hydrodynamics.

Results.We find that theα-βand deviation well-balancing methods can accurately maintain hydrostatic solutions provided that gravitational potential energy is included in the total energy balance. They accurately conserve minuscule entropy fluctuations advected in an isentropic stratification, which enables the methods to reproduce the expected scaling of convective flow speed with the heating rate. The deviation method also substantially increases accuracy of maintaining stationary orbital motions in a Keplerian disk on long timescales. The Cargo–LeRoux method fares substantially worse in our tests, although its simplicity may still offer some merits in certain situations.

Conclusions.Overall, we find the well-balanced treatment of gravity in combination with low Mach number flux functions essential to reproducing correct physical solutions to challenging stellar slow-flow problems on affordable collocated grids.
Influence of α-Bi2O3 chemical prehistory on the morphology of the obtaining basic bismuth succinate
Authors: Afonina Liubov , Timakova Evgeniya
Published: July 2021

The antibacterial drug, basic bismuth succinate of the composition Ñ2Í4(ÑÎÎBiO)2 is shown to obtain expediently by the interaction of bismuth oxide α-Bi2O3 with a succinic acid solution. Using the method of electron microscopy the influence of the chemical prehistory of obtaining the precursor, monoclinic modification of α-Bi2O3, on the morphological features of basic bismuth succinate synthesized from it has been investigated. The composition of Ñ2Í4(ÑÎÎBiO)2 was confirmed by the data of X-ray phase and chemical analyses. Based on the data of grain size analysis, the particle size of the obtained samples of basic bismuth succinate was estimated and the conditions for the synthesis of fine-crystalline C2H4(COOBiO)2, which is necessary for medical applications, were selected.
Analysis of the physicochemical and sorption characteristics of composites based on zeolite and chamotte clay
Authors: Baranchiyeva Zarina , Seilkhanova Gulziya , Rakhym Akmaral
Published: July 2021

Clays and aluminosilicate materials are known as effective sorbents for purification of wastewater from various types of contaminants. Some properties and sorption activity of materials based on the zeolite of Shankanai deposit and Chamotte clay towards Cd2+ ions were analyzed in the present work. The structural characteristics of the studied objects, their qualitative and quantitative composition were determined by the SEM and EDAX methods. It was found that maximum adsorption capacity (qe) of the initial zeolite for extraction Cd2+ ions is (7.3±0.11) mg/g, while for Chamotte clay this value equals to (5.3±0.12) mg/g. After modification with polyvinylpyrrolidone, qe increased to (10.1±0.08) mg/g for zeolite, and (8.5±0.15) mg/g for Chamotte clay. Developed specific surface of the composite material (sorbent) and complexation with the active centres of thepolymer couldbe a resultof Cd2+ ions binding.
Does bicompartmental knee arthroplasty hold an advantage over total knee arthroplasty? Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Elbardesy Hany , Awad Ahmed K. , McLeod André , Farahat Samar Tarek , Sayed Somaya Zain Elabdeen , Guerin Shane , Harty James
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The role of bicompartmental knee arthroplasty (BKA) in the treatment of medial patellofemoral osteoarthritis (MPFOA) has been debated by orthopaedic surgeons for years. The BKA is a cruciate ligament retaining prosthesis designed to mimic the kinematics of the native knee that requires resurfacing of only two knee compartments. In this study, we aim to assess the patient recorded outcome measures (PROMs), range of motion (ROM), perioperative morbidity, and implant revision rate in patients undergoing BKA and compare them to those undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for bicompartmental knee osteoarthritis (OA). Patients and methods: We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Statement (PRISMA). Articles from any country and written in any language were considered. We included all randomized control trials and retrospective cohort studies examining BKA versus TKA for bicompartmental knee OA. The primary outcome measure was knee society score (KSS) at one year and the secondary outcome measures were Oxford knee score (OKS) and short-form survey (SF-)12 at six and twelve months. Results: We included five studies in our meta-analysis. In terms of OKS, KSS, and SF-12, our meta-analysis suggests better short-term results for the TKA compared with the BKA. TKA was also associated with a shorter operative time and a lower revision rate. The BKA implant did however result in marginally less intraoperative blood loss and slightly better post-operative ROM. Conclusions: BKA did not prove to be an equivalent alternative to TKA in bicompartmental knee OA. It was associated with inferior KSS, OKS, and SF-12 at short-term follow-up and a higher revision rate.
The Convalescent Plasma Craze! Where Does India Stand?
Authors: Priyadarsini Arcot J. , Karan Kumar , Arulselvi Subramanian
Published: July 2021

India becomes the country with second highest number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases (59,03,932) as of September 2020. As the world debates various treatment options, the current pandemic has led to the resurgence of an ancient technique, namely convalescent plasma therapy. Although it has been in use from the late 19th century, it is an uncharted territory for most developing nations. In this article, we have discussed the pros and cons of convalescent plasma transfusion in COVID-19 patients. Articles discussed in this review have been obtained from search engines, namely PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. We have also expressed our viewpoint on the feasibility and logistical challenges of convalescent plasma use in India.
Renal Dysfunction in Prediabetes: Confirmed by Glomerular Hyperfiltration and Albuminuria
Authors: Shilpasree Alagilawada S. , Patil Vidya S. , Revanasiddappa Manjunath , Patil Vijayetha P. , Ireshnavar Deepti
Published: July 2021

Objectives Prediabetes is defined as an intermediate state of hyperglycemia with glucose levels above normal but below the diagnostic cutoff of diabetes mellitus. Prediabetes is considered as an important risk factor for the development of diabetes and complications associated with diabetes. Since glomerular hyperfiltration (elevated GFR) and albuminuria represent early and reversible stages of kidney damage seen in patients with type 2 diabetes, we aim to assess the impact of hyperglycemia in prediabetic range on renal functions measured by estimated GFR and urine albumin excretion (UAE).

Materials and Methods The study included 1,031 patients aged 30 to 70 years, attending regular health checkup. Patients were grouped as normal, prediabetes, and diabetes according to the American Diabetic Association (ADA) criteria based on fasting blood sugar and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Further, the patients were grouped into multiple subgroups based on age and gender. UAE was measured by using immunoturbidimetric method, and GFR was estimated by chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD EPI) equation.

Statistical Analysis Prevalence of hyperfiltration (estimated glomerular filtration rate above the age and gender specific 95th percentile), and albuminuria in prediabetes and diabetes was compared with normal controls. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated by using logistic regression analysis to predict the occurrence of hyperfiltration in prediabetes and diabetes. Analysis of variance followed by post hoc comparison was done to assess the significance of difference, and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results Prevalence of hyperfiltration was more in prediabetes and diabetes compared with normal controls, and it increased with surging HbA1c level that was shown as higher odds ratio for hyperfiltration in both the groups. UAE was more in the prediabetes and diabetes group when compared with normal controls, but the difference was significant only in diabetes.

Conclusion Since glomerular hyperfiltration represents an early and reversible stage of renal damage manifesting before the appearance of albuminuria, elevated GFR can be used to identify asymptomatic patients with intermediate hyperglycemia having high risk of developing nephropathy in the future. Prediabetes represents a window of opportunity to initiate preventive strategies at an early stage before the occurrence of significant renal damage.
Development of an Instrument for Assessing the Maturity of Citizens for Consumer Health Informatics in Developing Countries: The Case of Chile, Ghana, and Kosovo
Authors: Yakubu Abubakari , Paloji Fortuna , Bonnet Juan Pablo Guerrero , Wetter Thomas
Published: July 2021

Objective We aimed to develop a survey instrument to assess the maturity level of consumer health informatics (ConsHI) in low-middle income countries (LMIC).

Methods We deduced items from unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), UTAUT2, patient activation measure (PAM), and ConsHI levels to constitute a pilot instrument. We proposed a total of 78 questions consisting of 14 demographic and 64 related maturity variables using an iterative process. We used a multistage convenient sampling approach to select 351 respondents from all three countries.

Results Our results supported the earlier assertion that mobile devices and technology are standard today than ever, thus confirming that mobile devices have become an essential part of human activities. We used the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test (WSRT) and item response theory (IRT) to reduce the ConsHI-related items from 64 to 43. The questionnaire consisted of 10 demographic questions and 43 ConsHI relevant questions on the maturity of citizens for ConsHI in LMIC. Also, the results supported some moderators such as age and gender. Additionally, more demographic items such as marital status, educational level, and location of respondents were validated using IRT and WSRT.

Conclusion We contend that this is the first composite instrument for assessing the maturity of citizens for ConsHI in LMIC. Specifically, it aggregates multiple theoretical models from information systems (UTAUT and UTAUT2) and health (PAM) and the ConsHI level.
Dural Arteriovenous Fistula within Superior Sagittal Sinus Wall with Direct Cortical Venous Drainage: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Chavan Rajendra , Sethi Shreya , Sahu Harsha , Rao Neeraj , Agarwal Shivani
Published: July 2021

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) located within superior sagittal sinus (SSS) wall with direct cortical venous drainage are rare. They are also known as variant DAVF (vDAVF) and form a special subgroup of DAVFs. Their chance of presenting with aggressive features is high compared with transverse sigmoid sinus fistula. They drain directly into cortical veins (Borden type 3, Cognard type III and IV). A systematic English literature review of SSS vDAVF was made. Systematic literature review revealed a total of 31 published cases. These were commonly seen in male population, (24 males, 77.41%, 24/31). Average age of patients was 54 years. A total of 24 patients (77.41%, 24/31) had aggressive clinical presentations with 13 patients (41.93%, 13/31) having intracranial hemorrhages (ICH). Two patients had rebleeding (15.38%, 2/13). Middle portion of SSS was commonly involved (15 cases, 75%). A total of 25 (96.15%, 25/26) cases had patent SSS. Most of the fistulas were idiopathic (65.38%, 17/26), with trauma being a frequent etiological factor (26.92%, 7/26). Venous ectasia was seen in 19 patients (59.37%, 19/32). Middle meningeal arterial (MMA) supply was seen in all patients (100%, 26/26), with bilateral MMA supply in 21 cases (80.76%), and unilateral in 5 cases (19.23%). Twenty patients (62.50%, 20/32) received only endovascular treatment (EVT), while four patients had EVT followed by surgery (12.5%, 4/32). Transarterial route via MMA was the preferred treatment option (79.16%). Complete obliteration of fistulas was noted in all cases (100%, 30/30). No immediate complication was noted after EVT. As much as 92.30% patients showed good recovery. Thus, SSS vDAVF forms a special subgroup of DAVF, with aggressive presentation, and warrants urgent treatment. EVT is effective treatment option and can produce complete obliteration.
Omental Solitary Fibrous Tumor: A Rare Tumor at Rare Site
Authors: Ingle Abhijeet , Reddy Surender , Reddy Vamshi Krishna
Published: July 2021

Extrapleural solitary fibrous tumor-hemangiopericytoma is a rare tumor. We present a case of this tumor arising in omentum, which is an extremely rare site. The diagnosis was confirmed by diffuse expression of STAT6 on immunohistochemistry. The tumor was assigned a low-risk category according to recent risk categorization models. The patient was advised close follow-up as the tumor was excised completely. These tumors have the potential for recurrence and metastasis even after surgical excision. However, there are no definitive guidelines for adjuvant treatment due to lack of data.
A Comparative Evaluation of Antigen-Specific Sandwich Immunoassay and Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IIF) in Detecting Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies: Are We Ready to Replace IIF with ELISA as the Primary Screening Method?
Authors: Deka Sangeeta , Kalita Deepjyoti , Shankar Ravi , Rekha U. Sasi , Sindhwani Girish
Published: July 2021

Background Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are important biomarkers in the diagnosis of ANCA-associated vasculitis, and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) had been the method of choice for its detection from the very beginning. However, international consensus on ANCA testing (2017) advocates the use of high-quality immunoassays as the primary screening method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) compared to IIF in detecting ANCA.

Methods One-hundred eighty-nine serum samples of suspected or known cases of systemic vasculitis were screened for ANCA by IIF and proteinase-3- and myeloperoxidase-ELISA. In IIF, positive results were further divided into cytoplasmic pattern of ANCA and perinuclear pattern of ANCA, depending upon the pattern of fluorescence. McNemar’s chi-squared test was applied to check the equality of proportions of positive results, and Kappa statistics was used to measure the agreement between the two methods. Diagnostic performance of ELISA was evaluated taking IIF as reference.

Results IIF detected ANCA in 17.5% cases and ELISA detected it in 11.6% cases. A good agreement between the overall performance of ELISA and IIF was observed (K-value: 6.8, p-value: < 001). However, a significant difference in the proportion of positive results by the two methods was observed in McNemar’s test (two-sided p-value: 0.007). Taking IIF as standard, ELISA showed 60.6% sensitivity, 98.7% specificity, and predictive value of positive and negative results of 90.9 and 92.2%, respectively.

Conclusion The new generation antigen-specific ELISAs had high specificity but the chances of missing cases in primary screening due to the low sensitivity and high false negativity (39.4%) need to be dealt with.
1.1 Improving Radical Persistence through Confinement: A Survey
Authors: Bertrand M. P. , Besson E. , Gastaldi S.
Published: July 2021

Most organic radical species are transient and were long considered to be beyond control. Tremendous progress in the knowledge and understanding of their reactivity has enabled their use as standard intermediates in organic synthesis. In this review, strategies implemented to increase radical lifetimes, without modifying fundamentally their structural features, are presented. A wide array of systems has been designed that allow modulation of the level of confinement constraints. The ability of these systems to increase radical lifetime has now reached the point where a transient radical can become persistent, which opens up many new prospects for future applications.
1.2 Nitroxides in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Casano G. , Ouari O.
Published: July 2021

This review describes selected methods using nitroxides such as TEMPO and AZADO for selective oxidative transformations including oxidation of alcohols and diols, N-alkylation of amines, C—H activation, C—C bond formation, and cross-coupling radical reactions.
1.4 Electron Catalysis
Authors: Shirakawa E.
Published: July 2021

An electron acts as a catalyst in the substitution reaction of aryl halides with diverse nucleophiles. Aryl halides, on receiving an electron, are activated as the radical anions, which react with aryl-, alkynyl-, and alkylmetals to give the cross-coupling products.
1.6 Sulfur-, Selenium-, and Silicon-Centered Radicals
Authors: Kaga A. , Yorimitsu H.
Published: July 2021

Sulfur-, selenium-, and silicon-centered radicals are versatile reaction intermediates in modern synthetic organic chemistry. These radicals are capable of adding to carbon–carbon multiple bonds such as alkene and arenes, thus introducing the corresponding elements into the products. These radicals can also serve as mediators of free-radical reactions, including as polarity-reversal catalysts, asymmetric catalysts, and halogen-atom abstraction agents, without these elements being incorporated into the products of the reactions. This chapter describes the utility of sulfur-, selenium-, and silicon-centered radicals in two sections. The first covers reactions involving incorporation of the corresponding elements into the products, while the second describes reactions using these radicals as catalysts or reagents to prepare products that do not contain the corresponding elements.
1.8 Nitrogen-Centered Radicals
Authors: Lu X.-L. , Wang B. , Chiba S.
Published: July 2021

Nitrogen-containing compounds are prevalent in the key components of various functional materials and compounds such as pharmaceutical drugs. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop versatile synthetic methodologies capable of constructing C—N bonds in an efficient manner under milder reaction conditions. Apart from common ionic C—N bond-forming reactions (i.e., nucleophilic and electrophilic amination, as well as transition-metal-catalyzed C—N cross-coupling processes), leveraging of nitrogen-centered radicals for C—N bond-forming process has created another dimension to the modern synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds. In particular, recent development of novel catalytic strategies and the design of new nitrogen-radical precursors have rendered their generation and use for C—N bond formation more practical and user-friendly for synthesis of wider array of nitrogen-containing compounds of potential use. This chapter highlights the latest developments in synthetic methods for C—N bond construction using nitrogen-centered radicals by showing selected reactions, mostly reported in the last five years, based on their structural and reactivity features as well as the method of radical generation.
Temperature tuning of defect state induced by the periodic cavities between the phononic crystals
Authors: Liu Huan , Liu Ting , Song Le , Zhang Qiao-Mu , Fan Ya-Xian , Tao Zhi-Yong
Published: July 2021

The defect state in periodic structures usually leads to a pass band in the forbidden bandgap and energy localization at the position of geometric change. In this paper, we have introduced periodic cavities into a symmetric structure composing of two separated phononic crystals to construct the defect state in the forbidden band and realize the temperature tuning of the defect state. The proposed structure is composed of two mirror-symmetric phononic crystals, with triangular steel arrays embedded in water. These two phononic crystals have opposite rotation angles possessing different topological properties, and the relative position of them leads to a forbidden band for the underwater ultrasonic waves. Interestingly, the periodic cavities between the boundaries of the phononic crystals result in a peak in the forbidden bandgap, which behaves as energy localization inside the cavities. The simulated results reflect the spectral and spatial characteristics of the defect state of this structure and exhibit the temperature tuning of the mentioned defect state. The designed structure provides a valid platform to filter the ultrasonic waves in fluid via controlling temperature, and the defect state manipulations benefit the smart structures of wave propagation, such as acoustic switches and underwater sound waveguides.