bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Double Beta Decay to Excited States of Daughter Nuclei
Authors: Belli Pierluigi , Bernabei Rita , Cappella Fabio , Caracciolo Vincenzo , Cerulli Riccardo , Incicchitti Antonella , Merlo Vittorio
Published: December 2020

In this paper we review results obtained in the searches of double beta decays to excited states of the daughter nuclei and illustrate the related experimental techniques. In particular, we describe in some detail the only two cases in which the transition has been observed; that is the 2β−(0+→01+) decay of 100Mo and 150Nd nuclides. Moreover, the most significant results in terms of lower limits on the half-life are also summarized.
Uniqueness Criteria for the Fock Quantization of Dirac Fields and Applications in Hybrid Loop Quantum Cosmology
Authors: Cortez Jerónimo , Navascués Beatriz Elizaga , Mena Marugán Guillermo A. , Prado Santiago , Velhinho José M.
Published: December 2020

In generic curved spacetimes, the unavailability of a natural choice of vacuum state introduces a serious ambiguity in the Fock quantization of fields. In this review, we study the case of fermions described by a Dirac field in non-stationary spacetimes, and present recent results obtained by us and our collaborators about well-motivated criteria capable to ensure the uniqueness in the selection of a vacuum up to unitary transformations, at least in certain situations of interest in cosmology. These criteria are based on two reasonable requirements. First, the invariance of the vacuum under the symmetries of the Dirac equations in the considered spacetime. These symmetries include the spatial isometries. Second, the unitary implementability of the Heisenberg dynamics of the annihilation and creation operators when the curved spacetime is treated as a fixed background. This last requirement not only permits the uniqueness of the Fock quantization but, remarkably, it also allows us to determine an essentially unique splitting between the phase space variables assigned to the background and the fermionic annihilation and creation variables. We first consider Dirac fields in 2 + 1 dimensions and then discuss the more relevant case of 3 + 1 dimensions, particularizing the analysis to cosmological spacetimes with spatial sections of spherical or toroidal topology. We use this analysis to investigate the combined, hybrid quantization of the Dirac field and a flat homogeneous and isotropic background cosmology when the latter is treated as a quantum entity, and the former as a perturbation. Specifically, we focus our study on a background quantization along the lines of loop quantum cosmology. Among the Fock quantizations for the fermionic perturbations admissible according to our criteria, we discuss the possibility of further restricting the choice of a vacuum by the requisite of a finite fermionic backreaction and, moreover, by the diagonalization of the fermionic contribution to the total Hamiltonian in the asymptotic limit of large wave numbers of the Dirac modes. Finally, we argue in support of the uniqueness of the vacuum state selected by the extension of this diagonalization condition beyond the commented asymptotic region, in particular proving that it picks out the standard Poincaré and Bunch–Davies vacua for fixed flat and de Sitter background spacetimes, respectively.
Toward Tightly Tuned Gene Expression Following Lentiviral Vector Transduction
Authors: Page Audrey , Fusil Floriane , Cosset François-Loïc
Published: December 2020

Lentiviral vectors are versatile tools for gene delivery purposes. While in the earlier versions of retroviral vectors, transgene expression was controlled by the long terminal repeats (LTRs), the latter generations of vectors, including those derived from lentiviruses, incorporate internal constitutive or regulated promoters in order to regulate transgene expression. This allows to temporally and/or quantitatively control transgene expression, which is required for many applications such as for clinical applications, when transgene expression is required in specific tissues and at a specific timing. Here we review the main systems that have been developed for transgene regulated expression following lentiviral gene transfer. First, the induction of gene expression can be triggered either by external or by internal cues. Indeed, these regulated vector systems may harbor promoters inducible by exogenous stimuli, such as small molecules (e.g., antibiotics) or temperature variations, offering the possibility to tune rapidly transgene expression in case of adverse events. Second, expression can be indirectly adjusted by playing on inserted sequence copies, for instance by gene excision. Finally, synthetic networks can be developed to sense specific endogenous signals and trigger defined responses after information processing. Regulatable lentiviral vectors (LV)-mediated transgene expression systems have been widely used in basic research to uncover gene functions or to temporally reprogram cells. Clinical applications are also under development to induce therapeutic molecule secretion or to implement safety switches. Such regulatable approaches are currently focusing much attention and will benefit from the development of other technologies in order to launch autonomously controlled systems.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Clinical Isolates Respond to UL29-Targeted siRNA Swarm Treatment Independent of Their Acyclovir Sensitivity
Authors: Kalke Kiira , Lehtinen Jenni , Gnjatovic Jelena , Lund Liisa M. , Nyman Marie C. , Paavilainen Henrik , Orpana Julius , Lasanen Tuomas , Frejborg Fanny , Levanova Alesia A. , Vuorinen Tytti , Poranen Minna M. , Hukkanen Veijo
Published: December 2020

Acyclovir is the drug of choice for the treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. Acyclovir-resistant HSV strains may emerge, especially during long-term drug use, and subsequently cause difficult-to-treat exacerbations. Previously, we set up a novel treatment approach, based on enzymatically synthesized pools of siRNAs, or siRNA swarms. These swarms can cover kilobases-long target sequences, reducing the likelihood of resistance to treatment. Swarms targeting the UL29 essential gene of HSV-1 have demonstrated high efficacy against HSV-1 in vitro and in vivo. Here, we assessed the antiviral potential of a UL29 siRNA swarm against circulating strains of HSV-1, in comparison with acyclovir. All circulating strains were sensitive to both antivirals, with the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) in the range of 350–1911 nM for acyclovir and 0.5–3 nM for the UL29 siRNA swarm. Additionally, we showed that an acyclovir-resistant HSV-1, devoid of thymidine kinase, is highly sensitive to UL29 siRNA treatment (IC50 1.0 nM; Imax 97%). Moreover, the detected minor variations in the RNAi target of the HSV strains had no effect on the potency or efficacy of UL29 siRNA swarm treatment. Our findings support the development of siRNA swarms for the treatment of HSV-1 infections, in order to circumvent any potential acyclovir resistance.
Characterization of the IL-17 and CD4+ Th17 Cells in the Clinical Course of Dengue Virus Infections
Authors: Sánchez-Vargas Luis Alberto , Hernández-Flores Karina Guadalupe , Thomas-Dupont Pablo , Izaguirre-Hernández Irma Yadira , Sánchez-Marce Elvis Efraín , Remes-Ruiz Ricardo , Fonseca-Coronado Salvador , Hernández-Romano Pablo Augurio , Flores-Collins María Estrella , Vivanco-Cid Héctor
Published: December 2020

The aims of this study were to determine the involvement of interleukin 17 (IL-17) and IL-17-producing cells in dengue pathogenesis. Blood samples from dengue virus (DENV)-infected patients were collected on different days after the onset of symptoms. Patients were classified according to 1997 World Health Organization guidelines. Our study examined 152 blood samples from dengue fever (DF, n = 109) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF, n = 43) patients and 90 blood samples from healthy controls (HC). High serum concentrations of IL-17A and IL-22 were also associated with DHF (IL-17A [DHF vs. DF, p < 0.01; DHF vs. HC, p < 0.0001]; IL-22 [DHF vs. DF, p < 0.05; DHF vs. HC, p < 0.0001]). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between serum levels of IL-17A and IL-23, a key cytokine that promotes IL-17-based immune responses (r = 0.4089, p < 0.0001). Consistent with the IL-17-biased immune response in DHF patients, we performed ex vivo activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from DHF patients and flow cytometry analysis showed a robust IL-17-biased immune response, characterized by a high frequency of CD4+IL-17+ producing cells. Our results suggests IL-17-producing cells and their related cytokines can play a prominent role in this viral disease.
Strategies to Improve Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapies for Neuroblastoma
Authors: Sawaisorn Piamsiri , Atjanasuppat Korakot , Anurathapan Usanarat , Chutipongtanate Somchai , Hongeng Suradej
Published: December 2020

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are among the curative immunotherapeutic approaches that exploit the antigen specificity and cytotoxicity function of potent immune cells against cancers. Neuroblastomas, the most common extracranial pediatric solid tumors with diverse characteristics, could be a promising candidate for using CAR therapies. Several methods harness CAR-modified cells in neuroblastoma to increase therapeutic efficiency, although the assessment has been less successful. Regarding the improvement of CARs, various trials have been launched to overcome insufficient capacity. However, the reasons behind the inadequate response against neuroblastoma of CAR-modified cells are still not well understood. It is essential to update the present state of comprehension of CARs to improve the efficiency of CAR therapies. This review summarizes the crucial features of CARs and their design for neuroblastoma, discusses challenges that impact the outcomes of the immunotherapeutic competence, and focuses on devising strategies currently being investigated to improve the efficacy of CARs for neuroblastoma immunotherapy.
Field Observations and Genetic Characterization of Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Egypt, 2018
Authors: Abd El Rahman Sahar , Ateya Ahmed , El-Beskawy Mohamed , Wernike Kerstin , Hoffmann Bernd , Eschbaumer Michael
Published: December 2020

Ovine gammaherpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) causes a lethal disease in cattle and some wild ruminants called malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), which affects the epithelial and lymphoid tissues of the respiratory and digestive tracts and has an important impact on the livestock industry. In this study, MCF was diagnosed in 18 of 427 cattle from different sites in Egypt by its typical clinical signs, found in all 18 animals: corneal opacity, fever, erosions in the buccal cavity, lymphadenitis, and purulent nasal discharge. All affected cattle had been reared in contact with clinically inconspicuous sheep. Of the 18 clinically ill cattle, 13 succumbed to the disease, resulting in estimated morbidity and case fatality rates of 4.2% and 72.2%, respectively. Five samples collected from the affected cattle were positive for OvHV-2 by real-time PCR and were used for sequencing of an 832-bp fragment of the ORF27/gp48 gene. The ORF27 nucleotide sequence of all Egyptian samples was identical, but distinct from viruses found in other parts of Africa and the Mediterranean.
Coupling Coordination Assessment on Sponge City Construction and Its Spatial Pattern in Henan Province, China
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhang Lijun , Zhang Lulu , Cheng Shujuan
Published: December 2020

Coordinating the “green” and “gray” infrastructure construction and the socioeconomic development is essential to sponge city construction. Most previous research has investigated the structural and non-structural approach for urban water management, such as operational practice, engineered measures, technical solutions, or planning management. However, there is a shortage of strategic management approaches to identify pilot sponge cities, which is essential to cities in developing countries under huge financial pressures. Hence, this paper proposed a coupling coordination evaluation index system to assess the coordination degree between economic development and infrastructure construction in Henan Province in central China. Then, the paper analyzed the differences of the coordination level and its spatial statistical pattern of the coupled and coordinated development of sponge city construction in Henan Province. The results show that: (1) from the perspective of comprehensive level, the problems of inadequate and unbalanced development of infrastructure construction and economic development level are prominent; (2) from the perspective of coordinated development level, the level of coupling and coordination development in Henan Province increased during the sample period, but the level of coupling and coordination development in each region was small; (3) from the perspective of relative development, Zhengzhou City is lagging behind in infrastructure, indicating that economic growth is faster than infrastructure construction, and other regions are lagging economic development, indicating that infrastructure construction is faster than economic growth; and (4) from the spatial statistical analysis, there is spatial positive correlation, that is, the area with high coupling degree of infrastructure construction and economic development level tends to be significantly concentrated in space. Studies have shown that Henan Province should focus on strengthening the construction of “green” infrastructure and increasing the infiltration of the underlying surface to counter the precipitation in urban areas in extreme climates.
Performance of Three Different Native Plant Mixtures for Extensive Green Roofs in a Humid Subtropical Climate Context
Authors: Zanin Giampaolo , Bortolini Lucia
Published: December 2020

Most of the services and benefits of green roofs are related to the substrate as well as the vegetation layer. Although plant selection should be made on the basis of green roof typology, morphology, and climate conditions, very often, Sedum species only are used worldwide. However, they do not always guarantee the best performances; hence, it is important to investigate different plant species and their performance in different climate contexts. Herein, an experiment was conducted using three plant mixes (i.e., a Sedum mix, a perennial herbaceous mix, and a suffruticose mix), grown in boxes containing two substrates (a volcanic substrate or a recycled crushed brick substrate) and two drainage/storage layers (a preformed layer or a mineral layer), in factorial combination. The Sedum mix showed a high canopy cover, comparable to or even higher than that of the other mixes, particularly when supplemental irrigation was stopped. However, the actual crop coefficient (Kcact) of the herbaceous and suffruticose mixes was often higher than that of the Sedum mix. The results also showed that both the substrate and the drainage/storage layer may improve Kcact values as a consequence of their capacity for stormwater retention.
Achieving Partial Nitrification via Intermittent Aeration in SBR and Short-Term Effects of Different C/N Ratios on Reactor Performance and Microbial Community Structure
Authors: Zhou Zhengyao , Qi Meixia , Wang Hongping
Published: December 2020

A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with an intermittent aeration mode was established to achieve partial nitrification (PN) and the short-term effects of C/N ratios were investigated. Stable nitrite accumulation was achieved after 107 cycles, about 56d, with the average ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency (ARE) and nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) of 96.92% and 82.49%, respectively. When the C/N ratios decreased from 4.64 to 3.87 and 2.32, ARE and NAR still kept a stable and high level. However, when the C/N ratio further decreased to 0.77, nitrite accumulation became fluctuation, and ARE, total nitrogen (TN), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal performance declined obviously. Except for four common phyla (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Actinobacteria) in the wastewater treatment system, Patescibacteria, the newly defined superphylum, was found and became the most dominant phylum in the PN sludge for their ultra-small cell size. The only ammonia oxidation bacteria (AOB), Nitrosomonas, and nitrite oxidation bacteria (NOB), Nitrospira, were detected. The relative abundance of NOB was low at different C/N ratios, showing the stable and effective inhibition effects of intermittent aeration on NOB growth.
Water Conserving Message Influences Purchasing Decision of Consumers
Authors: Knuth Melinda J. , Behe Bridget K. , Huddleston Patricia T. , Hall Charles R. , Fernandez R. Thomas , Khachatryan Hayk
Published: December 2020

As more of the U.S. population urbanizes, freshwater resources will become more partitioned and scarcer. Live plants need water to become established and survive, but water demands vary by taxa. Additionally, outdoor household water use is becoming a greater target for watering restrictions, particularly landscape irrigation. Yet, how important is water conservation messaging in the context of a plant purchasing decision for outdoor plants? A ratings-based conjoint analysis of the water message, plant type, price, and plant guarantee was conducted using data from 288 subjects from three locales who rated their purchase intention to buy a plant from a retail merchandising display while using an eye-tracking device. Subjects were clustered by state of residency and, separately, their conjoint utility scores. Results indicate that water-related messaging does play a positive role in purchase intention. Residents of states who frequently experienced drought rated a water-saving message higher compared to residents of states who experienced relatively little drought. For some consumer groups, such as plant buyers, water savings are important and sought after. Green industry stakeholders should be aware of their region’s drought history and help develop point of purchase information to include water conservation messaging in retail displays.
A Generalized Method for Modeling the Adsorption of Heavy Metals with Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Hafsa Noor , Rushd Sayeed , Al-Yaari Mohammed , Rahman Muhammad
Published: December 2020

Applications of machine learning algorithms (MLAs) to modeling the adsorption efficiencies of different heavy metals have been limited by the adsorbate–adsorbent pair and the selection of specific MLAs. In the current study, adsorption efficiencies of fourteen heavy metal–adsorbent (HM-AD) pairs were modeled with a variety of ML models such as support vector regression with polynomial and radial basis function kernels, random forest (RF), stochastic gradient boosting, and bayesian additive regression tree (BART). The wet experiment-based actual measurements were supplemented with synthetic data samples. The first batch of dry experiments was performed to model the removal efficiency of an HM with a specific AD. The ML modeling was then implemented on the whole dataset to develop a generalized model. A ten-fold cross-validation method was used for the model selection, while the comparative performance of the MLAs was evaluated with statistical metrics comprising Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error, and root-mean-squared-error. The regression tree methods, BART, and RF demonstrated the most robust and optimum performance with 0.96 ⫹ R2 ⫹ 0.99. The current study provides a generalized methodology to implement ML in modeling the efficiency of not only a specific adsorption process but also a group of comparable processes involving multiple HM-AD pairs.
Effects of Filter-Membrane Materials on Concentrations of Trace Elements in Acidic Solutions
Authors: Shin Woo-Jin , Shin Hyung-Seon , Hwang Ji-Hun , Lee Kwang-Sik
Published: December 2020

Filtration is commonly used to separate liquids from solid materials before the determination of trace element concentrations in aqueous solutions. Therefore, it is important to determine how much elemental content is extracted from the filter itself or lost via absorption into the filter. In this study, we investigated three types of disposable syringe filters (polyvinylidene difluoride, PVDF; polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE; PTFE with glass microfiber prefiltration media, GD/X) and their acid-cleaned versions using ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and acetic acid (HOAc) solutions. The concentrations of most trace elements (Li, Al, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Cs, Ba, Pb, and U) were higher in filtrates that had passed through acid-cleaned filters than those that had passed through uncleaned filters. In filtrates from PVDF and PTFE filters, many trace elements were below the detection limit. However, regardless of the filter type and acid cleaning, Li, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Ba concentrations in filtrates of NH4NO3 solutions, and Al, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Ba concentrations in filtrates of HOAc solutions were much higher than those of other trace elements. These differences were particularly noticeable in filtrates from GD/X filters containing glass microfiber layers. These data indicate that certain trace elements can be released from membrane materials by reacting with acid in the filtered solution. Furthermore, the amounts of each trace element were associated with the membrane type. These findings suggest that filter type should be carefully selected to obtain the required accuracy, in consideration of the target elements and whether an acid-cleaned filter is needed.
Comparative Use of Quantitative PCR (qPCR), Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR), and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) in the Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC) in Environmental Samples
Authors: Ibekwe Mark A. , Murinda Shelton E. , Park Stanley , Obayiuwana Amarachukwu , Murry Marcia A. , Schwartz Gregory , Lundquist Trygve
Published: December 2020

E. coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen that constitutes a global threat to human health. However, the quantification of this pathogen in food and environmental samples may be problematic at the low cell numbers commonly encountered in environmental samples. In this study, we used recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for the detection of E. coli O157:H7, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for quantification, and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for absolute and accurate quantification of E. coli O157:H7 from spiked and environmental samples. Primer and probe sets were used for the detection of stx1 and stx2 using RPA. Genes encoding for stx1, stx2, eae, and rfbE were used to quantify E. coli O157:H7 in the water samples. Furthermore, duplex ddPCR assays were used to quantify the pathogens in these samples. Duplex assay set 1 used stx1 and rfbE genes, while assay set 2 used stx2 and eae genes. Droplet digital PCR was used for the absolute quantification of E. coli O15:H7 in comparison with qPCR for the spiked and environmental samples. The RPA results were compared to those from qPCR and ddPCR in order to assess the efficiency of the RPA compared with the PCR methods. The assays were further applied to the dairy lagoon effluent (DLE) and the high rate algae pond (HRAP) effluent, which were fed with diluted DLE. The RPA detected was <10 CFU/mL, while ddPCR showed quantification from 1 to 104 CFU/mL with a high reproducibility. In addition, quantification by qPCR was from 103 to 107 CFU/mL of the wastewater samples. Therefore, the RPA assay has potential as a point of care tool for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 from different environmental sources, followed by quantification of the target concentrations.
MEGATREND OF DISTANCE EDUCATION: ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES, RISKS
Authors: Dzvinchuk Dmytro
Published: December 2020

The article considers some psychological, pedagogical and technical aspects of the introduction of distance learning.
It is emphasized that the main purpose of creating a system of distance education is to ensure free access to educational resources through the use of modern information technologies and social networks and to create conditions for citizens to exercise their rights to education.
The main disadvantages of distance education are depersonalization, lack of proper motivation of participants in the educational process, loss of educational and socialization functions of education, hyperbolization of independent work, low level of control over the educational process.
THE ESSENCE OF CONCEPT AND COMPONENTS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Kyvliuk Olga
Published: December 2020

The process of implementation of international educational activities should be based on the principles of: humanization, openness, accessibility of innovation, competitiveness, continuity, accessibility, where the effective management is a means. The management of international educational activities is considered as a relatively new phenomenon in terms of theoretically sound and experimentally tested technologies and systems for effective management of education and its structural components in the international context.
MAIN MILESTONES OF THE CREATIVE HERITAGE OF FAMOUS UKRAINIAN PHILOSOPHER S. B. KRYMSKY
Authors: Kovalchuk Natalia , Ovsiankina Liudmyla
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the philosophical heritage of the outstanding Ukrainian philosopher S. B. Krymsky, who acutely felt the sacredness and spiritual power of the beauty, goodness and truth of this world and all the efforts of his whole life focused on the establishment of these great values. In his philosophical explorations, the scientist gradually moved from the development of problems of logic and methodology of science to the development of problems of epistemology and philosophy of culture, as well as Ukrainian philosophy and national culture, using the method of archetypes and universals. Special attention of S. B. Krymsky devoted himself to the study of the phenomenon of sophianism and the problem of the second spiritual birth of man, as his involvement in certain existentials, among which the main ones are freedom, love and creativity. The scientist emphasized the special role of Ukraine in the modern civilization process. Having the most powerful cultural potential, it must use it for the future construction of civilization on the basis of solidarity, consensus and partnership.
FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF ARTISTIC AND DESIGN ACTIVITY OF JUNIOR SCHOOLCHILDREN
Authors: Makoviichuk Olesia , Shulha Alona
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the theoretical aspects of art and design activities, considers the features of the integrative organization of art and design activities of students in the lessons of fine arts and technology in primary school. Artistic and project activities of junior schoolchildren are realized through the disciplines of fine arts and labor education (technology) in primary school. The concept of "artistic and design activity" is analyzed through the prism of the concepts of "activity", "artistic activity".
The following are considered: interconnected structural components of artistic design, types of activity and types of tasks aimed at the implementation of artistic design activities of junior schoolchildren. The article emphasized the potential of an integrated combination in primary school of fine arts and labor training (technology) for art and design activities of junior high school students.
Притулки для арештантських дітей у Києві наприкінці ХІХ – початку ХХ століття
Authors: Самойленко О.
Published: December 2020

У статті досліджуються особливості становлення та розвитку притулків для арештантських дітей у Києві наприкінці ХІХ – початку ХХ століття. На основі архівних документів та інших матеріалів проводиться реконструкція та аналіз діяльності й розвитку регіональних притулків для дітей ув’язнених. Розглянуто історичний досвід надання соціальної допомоги дітям, які потрапили в складні життєві умови і тимчасово могли перебувати під опікою кваліфікованих та турботливих людей.
Entre carências, incertezas e violências da vida contemporânea, o encarceramento feminino no Brasil
Authors: Barbosa e Silva Rodrigo , Rodrigues Vieira da Silva Denise
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho versa sobre a presença da prisão no contexto da sociedade contemporânea enquanto instituição que visa a punição e a reabilitação dos sujeitos condenados à pena de privação da liberdade. O objetivo foi compreender o lugar do encarceramento feminino no Brasil, suas causas e os problemas enfrentados na execução das penas. Além de uma revisão literária a respeito das violências do mundo atual, trouxemos a percepção de ex-detentas sobre o sistema penitenciário brasileiro. Concluímos que o cárcere, de maneira geral, contribui para a violação dos direitos humanos e tem como papel principal, apenas, a punição das mulheres presas.
Subordinação e dependência na América Latina
Authors: Cavalcante Bezerra Waldez , Martins de Almeida Larissa
Published: December 2020

A partir da perspectiva histórico-crítica, e incorporando elementos da teoria marxista da dependência, o artigo buscar elucidar elementos para pensar a “questão social” na América Latina. Para organização da exposição, num primeiro momento, retomamos alguns aspectos gerais sobre a expressão “questão social”, para, em seguida, discutirmos o processo de formação sócio-histórica da América Latina e tecermos alguns apontamentos sobre as particularidades da “questão social” latino-americana. Levando em consideração a bibliografia estudada, conclui-se que a “questão social” na América Latina se manifesta por meio de diferentes expressões que têm origem nas tendências gerais de acumulação capitalista, mas que também está assentada na lógica da subordinação e da dependência, apresentando como característica uma maior exploração da força de trabalho no processo produtivo que desencadeia junto aos trabalhadores um conjunto de misérias, privações e violências.
“Renovação” do Serviço Social brasileiro
Authors: Cisne Mirla , Batista de Oliveira Cantalice Luciana , Araújo Luciene
Published: December 2020

Nosso objetivo geral é analisar as condições sócio históricas do tempo presente, considerando as mediações com os fundamentos do conservadorismo e alguns de seus rebatimentos para o Serviço Social, especialmente em relação aos desafios que a profissão enfrenta em seu processo de “renovação”.  Utilizamos o materialismo histórico dialético como método de análise do objeto em questão: Serviço Social, conservadorismo e “renovação” profissional na atualidade. Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, de tipo qualitativo. Defendemos como conclusão central, que o processo de “renovação” profissional configura-se como um movimento continumm, no confronto com as reatualizações conservadores, o que demanda uma sintonia do Projeto Ético Político do Serviço Social com as lutas classistas, feministas e antirracistas.
Evaluation of migraine without aura patients by visual evoked potentials with different spatial frequencies
Authors: ATAÇ Ceyla , TUNA Ezgi
Published: December 2020

Objective: The objective of our study was to investigate changes in pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) of migraine without aura patients recorded with two different check sizes (15’ and 62’) in accordance with International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standards during the interictal period.

Materials and Methods: Patients' demographic data were documented from headache diaries of patients, such as duration of disease, headache characteristics, the number of attacks in a month, the average duration of attacks, complaints accompanying headache, mean severity of headache according to visual analog scale. Twenty migraine patients without aura and 14 healthy volunteers were examined with PVEPs recorded with two different check-sizes (15’ and 62’). The stimulation sequences were randomized both for the check-size of checkerboard and the side of stimulation (right-15', right-62', left-15', left-62'). The latency of N75, P100 and peak-to-peak amplitude of N75-P100

were analyzed.

Results: There were no statistical difference between healthy subjects and migraine without aura patients in the means of latency and amplitude of PVEPs results for both check-sizes (p>0,05).

Conclusion: In migraine patients without aura, we did not detect magnocellular pathway dysfunction by PVEPs with different spatial frequencies. Studies on larger patient groups and combining PVEPs with psychophysical tests are needed.
Anestezi Teknikerlerinin Eğitimi ile İlgili Anestezi ve Reanimasyon Uzmanlarının Görüşlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KEPEKÇİ Ali Bestemi , ÇİNPOLAT Bedrettin , EREN BANA Perihan
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmada anestezi ve reanimasyon uzmanlarına; birlikte çalıştıkları anestezi teknisyen/teknikerlerinin klinik ve teknik açıdan olası eksikliklerini ortaya koymak, ameliyathane haricinde anestezi teknisyen/teknikerlerine ihtiyaç duyulan birimler ve verilebilecek sorumluluklar varsa tespit etmek amacıyla bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Üniversite hastanesi, eğitim ve araştırma hastanesi, devlet hastanesi ve özel hastaneler olmak üzere Türkiye’nin farklı illerindeki hastanelerde görev yapmakta olan 170 anestezi ve reanimasyon uzmanının görüşleri anket soruları aracılığıyla elektronik ortamda alınmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde IBM Microsoft SPSS 24.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Yapılan istatistiksel analizler; frekans, faktör, korelasyon, T-testi ve ANOVA analizleridir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan anestezi hekimlerinin % 60‘ı kadın, % 40’ı ise erkektir. Katılımcıların % 42’si 28-38 yaş aralığında, % 44’ü 39-50 yaş aralığında, % 14’ü ise 51-73 yaş aralığındadır. İş deneyimi açısından değerlendirildiğinde ise % 28’i 5 yıldan az, % 54’ü 5-20 yıl arasında, % 17’si ise 20 yıldan fazla deneyime sahiptir. Katılımcıların % 25’i üniversite, % 29’u devlet hastanesi, % 15’i özel hastane, % 31’i ise eğitim araştırma hastanesinde görev yapmakta olan hekimlerden oluşmaktadır. Sonuç: Anestezi uzmanları anestezi teknisyen/teknikerlerinin başta klinik bilgi olmak üzere bilgi ve beceri konusunda yeterli donanıma sahip olmadıklarını ancak anestezi süreçlerinde anestezi teknisyen/teknikerlerinin oldukça önemli bir rolü olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda anestezi teknisyen/teknikerlerinin eğitim süreçlerinde kalitenin artırılması gerektiği, anestezi uzmanlarının ve anestezi tekniker/teknisyenlerin konuya ilgisini çekmenin gerekliliği çalışmamızda elde edilen sonuçlar arasındadır.
Fibromialgia: Revisión Sistémica
Authors: Solano Pochet Mónica
Published: December 2020

Fibromialgia (FM) se define como dolor musculoesquelético generalizado crónico usualmente acompañado por fatiga y alteraciones del sueño por mínimo 3 meses que no se explican por otra condición médica. Es más común en mujeres adultas, pero se puede dar desde niños a adultos y hombres. La prevalencia es de 2.7% en la población general. La etiología en sí es desconocida, pero se clasifica como una sensibilización central por cambios neuroendocrinológicos en sistema nervioso central y periférico en individuos genéticamente susceptibles, en respuesta a desencadenantes ambientales, resultando en percepción del dolor aumentada e hipersensibilidad a numerosos estímulos. Se caracteriza por dolor musculoesquelético generalizado y sensibilidad de tejidos blandos, acompañado por fatiga, alteraciones del sueño, trastornos somáticos, cognitivos y psiquiátricos. Pueden existir trastornos coexistentes que estimulan o exacerban la sintomatología. El diagnóstico se basa en la historia clínica y síntomas, examen físico normal, estudios complementarios normales y criterios AAPT o 2010 CAR o de Yunus y Masi positivos. Se deben valorar posibles diagnósticos diferenciales según el grupo etáreo. El manejo se basa en educación, identificación de comorbilidades, ejercicio, terapia cognitiva conductual, fármacos como antidepresivos y anticonvulsivantes y terapias alternativas. Los pacientes tienen un deterioro en la calidad de vida y morbilidad, sin un aumento significativo en la mortalidad.
Osteoporosis: Riesgo aumentado de fracturas
Authors: González Villegas William , Polanco Méndez Daniela , Ramírez Garita Joshua , Vargas Aguilar Katherine , Vargas Ávila Aaron
Published: December 2020

La osteoporosis es una enfermedad muy prevalente en la actualidad, se define como la disminución de la densidad mineral ósea, con un T-score <-2,5 desviaciones estándar medido en la densitometría ósea, en estos pacientes existe una mayor predisposición a fracturas por estrés. Existen muchos factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de esta patología siendo la edad avanzada uno de los más importantes. Se manifiesta principalmente con fracturas, por lo cual es de gran importancia el tamizaje, para identificar a todas las personas que poseen un alto riesgo de fracturas y se verían beneficiados por un tratamiento, entre los que se tienen desde los cambios en el estilo de vida como el ejercicio regular, mayor ingesta alimentaria de calcio, la vitamina D, y hasta tratamiento farmacológico siendo los bifosfonatos la primera terapia aprobada.
Enfermedad de Behcet: reporte de caso y revisión de literatura
Authors: Zúñiga Villegas Adriana , Kriebel Haehner Marcela , Morún Calvo Daniel , Monge Luna Luis Diego
Published: December 2020

La enfermedad de Behcet es una patología con múltiples afectaciones, siendo una de sus principales las úlceras orales y genitales. Su origen es desconocido, pero se cree tiene una asociación genética. En el presente articulo, se reporta un caso clínico de una paciente femenina de 29 años de edad, diagnosticada en la adolescencia, con criterios mayores de diagnóstico como úlceras orales y genitales recurrentes, así como también criterios menores positivos. La paciente ha sido tratada con múltiples fármacos tanto tópicos como sistémicos para mejorar su calidad de vida. Aunque la enfermedad de Behcet es sumamente rara, es importante tener en cuenta el diagnóstico en pacientes con úlceras orales recurrentes. Sin el tratamiento adecuado las manifestaciones clínicas de esta enfermedad pueden llegar a ser bastante severas, y la calidad de vida de estos pacientes deteriorada.
Trombosis séptica de senos cavernosos secundaria a celulitis facial
Authors: Méndez Ramírez Erick , Chacón Arce Pedro Pablo
Published: December 2020

La trombosis séptica del seno cavernoso es una enfermedad rara que se presenta como una tromboflebitis en el seno cavernoso como complicación posterior a infecciones faciales, principalmente en la zona denominada zona de peligro ( tercio medio de la cara , alrededor de ojos y nariz ) zona que drena en la venas oftálmicas; además ,rinosinusitis (especialmente esfenoiditis y etmoiditis, celulitis, abscesos ,otitis media, , faringitis y con menos frecuencia infecciones dentales(1).

Se puede presentar como un cuadro agudo que puede ser dramático y potencialmente mortal sin embargo en raras ocasiones se presenta como un cuadro subagudo o crónico. Su elevada morbimortalidad amerita que se realice un diagnóstico rápido y certero que evite secuelas graves.

Se presenta el caso de un hombre que acude al servicio de emergencias con cuadro agudo de fiebre, eritema, dolor a nivel nasal y salida de secreción purulenta posterior a trauma punzante que posteriormente se diagnostica una trombosis séptica bilateral de senos cavernosos secundaria a una celulitis facial.
Actualización en craneofaringioma, revisión de tema.
Authors: Baraquiso Pazos Maribel , Guier Bonilla Luisana , Mendelewicz Montero Ariel
Published: December 2020

Los craneofaringiomas son tumores benignos intracraneales de origen epitelial poco frecuentes. Se caracterizan por infiltrar estructuras adyacentes como el hipotálamo, la glándula hipofisiaria y el quiasma óptico. Existen dos estirpes histológicas, la adamantinomatosa y la de tipo papilar, la cual se encuentra casi exclusivamente en población adulta. Pese a que sus manifestaciones son inespecíficas, la sospecha diagnóstica se basa en hallazgos clínicos y técnicas de imagen. Sin embargo, el diagnóstico definitivo se realiza mediante estudios histopatológicos. El craneofaringioma se considera la neoplasia selar más frecuente en la población pediátrica y puede llegar a impactar negativamente su crecimiento y desarrollo. Aunque es una patología con excelente supervivencia, genera una alta morbilidad en los pacientes, tanto antes como después de su tratamiento. Por este motivo, los más recientes avances en el tratamiento del craneofaringioma se han enfocado en minimizar los efectos adversos y las morbilidades secundarias a este.
Seçilmiş OECD Ülkelerinde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Çıkışlarının Gelir Eşitsizliği Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: KILIÇ Nazife Özge , YAZGAN Şekip
Published: December 2020

Küreselleşmenin hızla ilerlediği günümüzde doğrudan yabancı yatırımların dünya ülkelerinin geneline yayılması bu ülkelerdeki gelir dağılımının bozulmasına neden olmuştur. Bu küreselleşme süreciyle birlikte gelir eşitsizliği kavramı da giderek daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Bu amaçla çalışmada doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırım çıkışlarının (ODI) gelir eşitsizliği üzerindeki etkisi OECD ülkelerinden seçilen 10 ülke için 2003-2018 dönemini kapsayan yıllık verilerle incelenmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle panel birim kök testleri ile değişkenlerin durağanlıkları kontrol edilmiş ve panel ARDL modelinin kullanılmasına karar verilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, panelin geneli için ülkelerdeki doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırım çıkışları gelir dağılımı eşitsizliğini istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif etkilemektedir.
Türkiye’de Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezinin Test Edilmesi: Yapısal Kırılmalı Eşbütünleşme Testi ile Hata Düzeltme Modelinden Kanıtlar
Authors: CEYLAN Reşat , KARAAĞAÇ Güray Enes
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Türkiye için 1960-2014 döneminde Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (EKC) hipotezini, kişi başı karbondioksit miktarı, kişi başı gelir düzeyi ve kişi başı enerji tüketimi değişkenlerini kullanarak analiz etmektir. Bu amaçla, Gregory-Hansen yapısal kırılmalı eş-bütünleşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, Türkiye’de EKC hipotezinin geçerli olmadığını, değişkenler arasında yapısal kırılmalı eş-bütünleşme ilişkisinin bulunduğunu ve hata düzeltme mekanizmasının çalıştığını göstermektedir. Tahmin edilen Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisinin biçimi N şeklindedir. Ekonomik büyümenin yaşandığı ilk periyotta çevresel kirlilik artmakta ve belirli bir refah seviyesine ulaşınca azalmakta olsa da ilerleyen süreçte çevresel kirlilik artmaktadır. ECM tahminlerine göre ise kişi başı gelir düzeyi ve kişi başı enerji tüketiminden kaynaklanan şokların %81’i bir dönem içinde giderilmekte ve sistem yeniden uzun dönem dengesine gelmektedir
ORTAOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİ İÇİN STEAM’A YÖNELİK TUTUM ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRİLMESİ
Authors: GENÇ Murat , ATA Atabey Onur , ERTUĞRUL Devrim , SAKMEN Gizem , AKTAŞ Muharrem , KALAYCI Aslıhan , SAYAN Seda , YAĞMUR Zeynep İrem , TATLI Ayşegül , YILDIZ Candan
Published: December 2020

Ortaokul öğrencilerine yönelik STEAM’a Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi amacıyla planlanan bu araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2018-2019 öğretim yılında Düzce ilinde öğrenim gören ortaokul öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Tesadüfi örneklem yöntemiyle belirlenen araştırma grubunda, toplam 1000 ortaokul öğrencisi çalışmaya katılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin öncelikli olarak analize uygunluğu incelendikten sonra, açımlayıcı faktör analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. AFA bulgularına göre, ölçeğin 40 maddeden oluşan beş boyuta sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ölçekteki tüm maddeler olumlu ifadelere sahiptir. Ölçeği oluşturan tüm faktörlerin ölçeğin % 47,71 varyansını açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin alt boyutları, STEAM alanına uygun olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Daha sonra Doğrulayıcı Faktör analizi yapılarak modelin uygunluğu test edilmiştir. DFA’da elde edilen verilere göre; RMSEA 0,043; NFI 0,94; GFI 0,97, SRMR 0,049 ve AGFI 0,87 olarak bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin güvenirlik analizlerine göre tüm ölçeğin Cronbach alfa güvenirlik katsayısı ise 0,917 olarak belirlenmiştir. Geliştirilen bu ölçeğin, ortaokul seviyesinde öğrencilerin STEAM’a yönelik tutumlarını ölçmek amacıyla kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu sayede öğrencilerin bu alanlara yönelik tutumlarının belirlenmesiyle farklı amaçlarla yapılacak çalışmalarda kullanılması önerilmektedir.
Evaluation of Neurodegenerative and Microvascular Changes in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion After Regression of the Macular Edema
Authors: ÖZÇALIŞKAN Şehnaz , ÖZCAN Yasin
Published: December 2020

Background: To evaluate the quadrantal effect of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) on retinal microvasculature and ganglion cell-internal plexiform layer thickness (GC-IPL)Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 62 eyes of 31 patients diagnosed with unilateral BRVO. Participants had optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) analyses after complete regression of the macular edema. The macular central subfield thickness (CST), GC-IPL thickness, vessel and perfusion density (VD and PD), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) were evaluated in both groups. We also compared the affected and opposite unaffected quadrant measurements in BRVO eyes with the corresponding quadrant to BRVO (BRVO-corresponding) in the fellow eye.Results: The mean FAZ area, VD, and PD of SCP demonstrated no significant difference between BRVO and fellow eyes of BRVO (p>0.05 all). The mean GC-IPL thickness, the mean VD of the parafoveal and perifoveal ring, and mean PD of the perifoveal ring were significantly decreased in the affected quadrant of BRVO eyes (p<0.05 all). In the post hoc tests, the VD of the parafoveal and perifoveal ring was significantly lower in the affected quadrant than the unaffected and BRVO-corresponding quadrant (p<0.05 all). A post hoc analysis revealed that the PD was significantly lower in the affected quadrant than the unaffected and BRVO-corresponding quadrant (p=0.017, p=0.025). Conclusions: The microvascular changes in the macular superficial capillary plexus accompany significant ganglion cell loss in BRVO. The microvascular and microstructural alterations were mainly localized to the distribution area of the occluded vein.Key Words: Retinal blood vessels, Retinal vein occlusion, Macular edema
Influence of changes of climate on the productivity of pratal and steppe vegetation in the Forest-steppe area of Ukraine
Authors: Polevoy A. M. , Bozhko L. E. , Barsukova E. A.
Published: December 2020

The influence of the climate change on the agro-climatic growth conditions, development and formation of productivity of meadow and steppe vegetation in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine for three periods has been studied: 2021–2030, 2031–2040, 2041–2050. The calculations of the expected conditions have been performed according to the climate change scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5.
The paper provides an assessment of the agro-climatic conditions for the formation of productivity of meadow and steppe vegetation in the current global warming and further climate change conditions until 2050. The assessment has been performed by comparing the average long-term agro-climatic indicators (1980–2010) of the productivity of wild phytocenoses with the same indicators for the future over decades.
The calculations of both average long-term productivity of grasses and productivity of grasses in the conditions of climate change are executed according to four types of productivity: potential productivity which in case of optimum maintenance of plants with heat, moisture and mineral food is defined by solar radiation; meteorologically possible yield, which is provided by the temperature regime and the regime of humidification of the territory; really possible yield capacity, which is provided by the natural fertility of the soil; actual yield capacity in the natural conditions.
Key words: meadow, steppe vegetation, productivity, humus balance, photosynthetic potential, agroecological categories of yields, climate change.