bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solar Tide‐like Signatures in the Ionospheric Total Electron Content During the 2018 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event
Authors: Ma Han , He Maosheng , Liu Libo , Li Wenbo , Yang Yuyan , Zhang Ruilong , Chen Yiding , Le Huijun , Zhang Hui , Li Guozhu
Published: September 2022

Atmospheric waves play an important role in the vertical coupling of atmosphere and ionosphere. Recent studies revealed that the mesospheric wave activities associated with sudden stratospheric warming events (SSWs) are more complicated than previously thought. This study investigates the activities of the dominant solar tide‐like harmonics in the ionosphere during SSWs. Significant tide‐like harmonics are present in the residuals of total electron content (TEC) detected by five receivers at different latitudes using signals from BeiDou geostationary (BD‐GEO) C3 satellite during the 2018 SSW. The results reveal that after the SSW onset, the third harmonic enhances and the fourth harmonic weakens at all selected receivers. However, the second harmonic exhibits a response varying with latitude. We then compare the ionospheric tide‐like signatures with those in mesospheric winds observed by four meteor radars. A good agreement is found after the SSW onset. The measurements at Mohe (53.5°N, 122.3°E) show that the response of each specific ionospheric tide‐like signature is similar to the tidal result in the mesospheric winds after the onset of three SSW events in 2017–2019. In addition, we suggest that besides the direct or indirect effects from the interactions of various waves in the lower atmosphere, the non‐sinusoidal waveform of the ionospheric diurnal variation may also contribute to solar harmonic signatures in the ionosphere.
The genetic landscape of major drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 genes—an updated analysis of population-scale sequencing data
Authors: Zhou Yitian , Lauschke Volker M.
Published: September 2022

Genes encoding cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) are extremely polymorphic and multiple CYP variants constitute clinically relevant biomarkers for the guidance of drug selection and dosing. We previously reported the distribution of the most relevant CYP alleles using population-scale sequencing data. Here, we update these findings by making use of the increasing wealth of data, incorporating whole exome and whole genome sequencing data from 141,614 unrelated individuals across 12 human populations. We furthermore extend our previous studies by systematically considering also uncharacterized rare alleles and reveal that they contribute between 1.5% and 17.5% to the overall genetically encoded functional variability. By using established guidelines, we aggregate and translate the available sequencing data into population-specific patterns of metabolizer phenotypes. Combined, the presented data refine the worldwide landscape of ethnogeographic variability in CYP genes and aspire to provide a relevant resource for the optimization of population-specific genotyping strategies and precision public health.
A new cognitive clock matching phenotypic and epigenetic ages
Authors: Krivonosov M. I. , Kondakova E. V. , Bulanov N. A. , Polevaya S. A. , Franceschi C. , Ivanchenko M. V. , Vedunova M. V.
Published: September 2022

Cognitive abilities decline with age, constituting a major manifestation of aging. The quantitative biomarkers of this process, as well as the correspondence to different biological clocks, remain largely an open problem. In this paper we employ the following cognitive tests: 1. differentiation of shades (campimetry); 2. evaluation of the arithmetic correctness and 3. detection of reversed letters and identify the most significant age-related cognitive indices. Based on their subsets we construct a machine learning-based Cognitive Clock that predicts chronological age with a mean absolute error of 8.62 years. Remarkably, epigenetic and phenotypic ages are predicted by Cognitive Clock with an even better accuracy. We also demonstrate the presence of correlations between cognitive, phenotypic and epigenetic age accelerations that suggests a deep connection between cognitive performance and aging status of an individual.
Effects of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 gene variants on escitalopram and aripiprazole treatment outcome and serum levels: results from the CAN-BIND 1 study
Authors: Islam Farhana , Marshe Victoria S. , Magarbeh Leen , Frey Benicio N. , Milev Roumen V. , Soares Claudio N. , Parikh Sagar V. , Placenza Franca , Strother Stephen C. , Hassel Stefanie , Taylor Valerie H. , Leri Francesco , Blier Pierre , Uher Rudolf , Farzan Faranak , Lam Raymond W. , Turecki Gustavo , Foster Jane A. , Rotzinger Susan , Kennedy Sidney H. , Müller Daniel J.
Published: September 2022

Cytochrome P450 drug-metabolizing enzymes may contribute to interindividual differences in antidepressant outcomes. We investigated the effects ofCYP2C19andCYP2D6gene variants on response, tolerability, and serum concentrations. Patients (N = 178) were treated with escitalopram (ESC) from weeks 0–8 (Phase I), and at week 8, either continued ESC if they were responders or were augmented with aripiprazole (ARI) if they were non-responders (<50% reduction in Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale from baseline) for weeks 8–16 (Phase II). Our results showed that amongst patients on ESC-Only,CYP2C19intermediate and poor metabolizers (IM + PMs), with reduced or null enzyme function, trended towards significantly lower symptom improvement during Phase II compared to normal metabolizers (NMs), which was not observed in ESC + ARI. We further showed thatCYP2D6NMs and IM + PMs had a higher likelihood of reporting a treatment-related central nervous system side effect in ESC-Only and ESC + ARI, respectively. The differences in the findings between ESC-Only and ESC + ARI may be due to the altered pharmacokinetics of ESC by ARI coadministration in ESC + ARI. We provided evidence for this postulation when we showed that in ESC-Only,CYP2C19andCYP2D6IM + PMs demonstrated significantly higher ESC concentrations at Weeks 10 and 16 compared to NMs. In contrast, ESC + ARI showed an association withCYP2C19but not withCYP2D6metabolizer group. Instead, ESC + ARI showed an association betweenCYP2D6metabolizer group and ARI metabolite-to-drug ratio suggesting potential competition between ESC and ARI for CYP2D6. Our findings suggest that dosing based onCYP2C19andCYP2D6genotyping could improve safety and outcome in patients on ESC monotherapy.
Incidence rate of schizophrenia after the Tangshan earthquake in China: a 44-year retrospective birth cohort study
Authors: Zhang Yun-Shu , Rao Wen-Wang , Zhang Li-Li , Jia Hong-Xue , Bi Hao , Wang Hai-Long , Balbuena Lloyd , Li Ke-Qing , Xiang Yu-Tao
Published: September 2022

Preliminary evidence indicates that natural disasters are associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia. With few longitudinal studies on earthquakes, this retrospective cohort study examined exposure to the 1976 Tangshan earthquake and the subsequent risk of schizophrenia. Population counts and visits to all nine psychiatric hospitals in Tangshan city were collected. We created three cohort groups by earthquake exposure: infant (August 1972 to July 1976 births), fetal (August 1976 to May 1977 births), and unexposed (June 1977 to May 1981 births). The cumulative incidence of schizophrenia in each cohort was calculated by dividing the number of schizophrenia patients by total births in the corresponding period. Altogether, 6424 schizophrenia patients were identified, with 2786 in the infant group, 663 in the fetal group, and 2975 in the unexposed group. The crude cumulative incidence of schizophrenia in the infant, fetal and unexposed groups were 7.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.36–7.92), 9.07 (95% CI = 8.38–9.76), and 7.40 (95% CI = 7.13–7.66) per thousand population respectively. Adjusted for mortality, the corresponding figures were 7.73 (95% CI = 7.44–8.01), 9.30 (95% CI = 8.60–10.01) and 7.44 (95% CI = 7.18–7.71) per thousand population respectively. The mortality-adjusted risk ratio (aRR) was 1.25 (95% CI = 1.15–1.36) between fetal and unexposed groups (χ2 = 27.31, P < 0.001). Males exposed as infants did not differ from the unexposed in cumulative schizophrenia incidence. People with fetal exposure to the 1976 earthquake had 25% higher risk of developing schizophrenia compared to unexposed counterparts.
Transdiagnostic connectome signatures from resting-state fMRI predict individual-level intellectual capacity
Authors: Tong Xiaoyu , Xie Hua , Carlisle Nancy , Fonzo Gregory A. , Oathes Desmond J. , Jiang Jing , Zhang Yu
Published: September 2022

Medication and other therapies for psychiatric disorders show unsatisfying efficacy, in part due to the significant clinical/ biological heterogeneity within each disorder and our over-reliance on categorical clinical diagnoses. Alternatively, dimensional transdiagnostic studies have provided a promising pathway toward realizing personalized medicine and improved treatment outcomes. One factor that may influence response to psychiatric treatments is cognitive function, which is reflected in one’s intellectual capacity. Intellectual capacity is also reflected in the organization and structure of intrinsic brain networks. Using a large transdiagnostic cohort (n = 1721), we sought to discover neuroimaging biomarkers by developing a resting-state functional connectome-based prediction model for a key intellectual capacity measure, Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ), across the diagnostic spectrum. Our cross-validated model yielded an excellent prediction accuracy (r = 0.5573,p < 0.001). The robustness and generalizability of our model was further validated on three independent cohorts (n = 2641). We identified key transdiagnostic connectome signatures underlying FSIQ capacity involving the dorsal-attention, frontoparietal and default-mode networks. Meanwhile, diagnosis groups showed disorder-specific biomarker patterns. Our findings advance the neurobiological understanding of cognitive functioning across traditional diagnostic categories and provide a new avenue for neuropathological classification of psychiatric disorders.
Aerosol and splatter generation with rotary handpieces used in restorative and orthodontic dentistry: a systematic review
Authors: Al-yaseen Waraf , Jones Rhiannon , McGregor Scott , Wade William , Gallagher Jennifer , Harris Rebecca , Johnson Ilona , KC Sukriti , Robertson Mark , Innes Nicola
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused major disruptions in dental care globally, in part due to the potential for contaminated aerosol to be generated by dental activities. This systematic review assesses the literature for changes in aerosol-contamination levels when rotary instruments are used, (1) as distance increases from patient’s mouth; (2) as time passes after the procedure; and (3) when using different types of handpieces.

Methods

The review methods and reporting are in line with PRISMA statements. A structured search was conducted over five platforms (September 2021). Studies were assessed independently by two reviewers. To be eligible studies had to assess changes in levels of aerosol contamination over different distances, and time points, with rotary hand instruments. Studies’ methodologies and the sensitivity of the contamination-measurement approaches were evaluated. Results are presented descriptively.

Results

From 422 papers identified, 23 studies were eligible. All investigated restorative procedures using rotary instruments and one study additionally looked at orthodontic bracket adhesive material removal. The results suggest contamination is significantly reduced over time and distance. However, for almost all studies that investigated these two factors, the sizes of the contaminated particles were not considered, and there were inconclusive findings regarding whether electric-driven handpieces generate lower levels of contaminated particles.

Conclusion

Aerosol contamination levels reduce as distances, and post-procedure times increase. However, there was sparce and inconsistent evidence on the clearing time and no conclusions could be drawn. High-speed handpieces produce significantly higher levels of contamination than slow-speed ones, and to a lesser extent, micro-motor handpieces. However, when micro-motor handpieces were used with water, the contamination levels rose and were similar to high-speed handpiece contamination levels.
Spatiotemporal analysis of tumour-infiltrating immune cells in biliary carcinogenesis
Authors: Charbel Alphonse , Tavernar Luca , Albrecht Thomas , Brinkmann Fritz , Verheij Joanne , Roos Eva , Vogel Monika Nadja , Köhler Bruno , Springfeld Christoph , Brobeil Alexander , Schirmacher Peter , Singer Stephan , Mehrabi Arianeb , Roessler Stephanie , Goeppert Benjamin
Published: September 2022

Background

Intraductal papillary neoplasms (IPN) and biliary epithelial neoplasia (BilIN) are well‐defined precursor lesions of biliary tract carcinoma (BTC). The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive characterisation of the inflammatory microenvironment in BTC precursor lesions.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess tumour-infiltrating immune cells in tissue samples from patients, for whom precursor lesions were identified alongside invasive BTC. The spatiotemporal evolution of the immune microenvironment during IPN-associated carcinogenesis was comprehensively analysed using triplet sample sets of non-neoplastic epithelium, precursor lesion and invasive BTC. Immune-cell dynamics during IPN- and BilIN-associated carcinogenesis were subsequently compared.

Results

Stromal CD3+(P = 0.002), CD4+(P = 0.007) and CD8+(P < 0.001) T cells, CD20+B cells (P = 0.008), MUM1+plasma cells (P = 0.012) and CD163+M2-like macrophages (P = 0.008) significantly decreased in IPN compared to non-tumorous biliary epithelium. Upon transition from IPN to invasive BTC, stromal CD68+(P = 0.001) and CD163+(P < 0.001) macrophages significantly increased. In contrast, BilIN-driven carcinogenesis was characterised by significant reduction of intraepithelial CD8+T-lymphocytic infiltration from non-tumorous epithelium via BilIN (P = 0.008) to BTC (P = 0.004).

Conclusion

IPN and BilIN are immunologically distinct entities that undergo different immune-cell variations during biliary carcinogenesis. Intraepithelial CD8+T-lymphocytic infiltration of biliary tissue decreased already at the IPN-precursor stage, whereas BilIN-associated carcinogenesis showed a slowly progressing reduction towards invasive carcinoma.
Silencing TRAIP suppresses cell proliferation and migration/invasion of triple negative breast cancer via RB-E2F signaling and EMT
Authors: Zheng Yan , Jia Huiqing , Wang Ping , Liu Litong , Chen Zhaoxv , Xing Xiaoming , Wang Jin , Tan Xiaohua , Wang Chengqin
Published: September 2022

TRAIP, as a 53 kDa E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, is involved in various cellular processes and closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. At present, few studies on the relationship between TRAIP and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) were reported. Bioinformatic analysis and Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, wound healing, Transwell, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed, and xenograft mouse models were established to explore the role of TRAIP in TNBC. This study showed that the expression of TRAIP protein was upregulated in TNBC tissues and cell lines. Silencing of TRAIP significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells, whereas opposite results were observed in the TRAIP overexpression. In addition, TRAIP regulated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through RB-E2F signaling and epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT). MiR-590-3p directly targeted the TRAIP 3′-UTR, and its expression were lower in TNBC tissues. Its mimic significantly downregulated the expression of TRAIP and subsequently suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Rescue experiments indicated that TRAIP silencing reversed the promotion of miR-590-3p inhibitor on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. TRAIP overexpression could also reverse the inhibition of miR-590-3p mimic on tumorigenesis. Finally, TRAIP knockdown significantly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in animal experiments. In conclusion, TRAIP is an oncogene that influences the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells through RB-E2F signaling and EMT. Therefore, TRAIP may be a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.
Artificial intelligence defines protein-based classification of thyroid nodules
Authors: Sun Yaoting , Selvarajan Sathiyamoorthy , Zang Zelin , Liu Wei , Zhu Yi , Zhang Hao , Chen Wanyuan , Chen Hao , Li Lu , Cai Xue , Gao Huanhuan , Wu Zhicheng , Zhao Yongfu , Chen Lirong , Teng Xiaodong , Mantoo Sangeeta , Lim Tony Kiat-Hon , Hariraman Bhuvaneswari , Yeow Serene , Alkaff Syed Muhammad Fahmy , Lee Sze Sing , Ruan Guan , Zhang Qiushi , Zhu Tiansheng , Hu Yifan , Dong Zhen , Ge Weigang , Xiao Qi , Wang Weibin , Wang Guangzhi , Xiao Junhong , He Yi , Wang Zhihong , Sun Wei , Qin Yuan , Zhu Jiang , Zheng Xu , Wang Linyan , Zheng Xi , Xu Kailun , Shao Yingkuan , Zheng Shu , Liu Kexin , Aebersold Ruedi , Guan Haixia , Wu Xiaohong , Luo Dingcun , Tian Wen , Li Stan Ziqing , Kon Oi Lian , Iyer Narayanan Gopalakrishna , Guo Tiannan
Published: September 2022

Determination of malignancy in thyroid nodules remains a major diagnostic challenge. Here we report the feasibility and clinical utility of developing an AI-defined protein-based biomarker panel for diagnostic classification of thyroid nodules: based initially on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), and further refined for fine-needle aspiration (FNA) tissue specimens of minute amounts which pose technical challenges for other methods. We first developed a neural network model of 19 protein biomarkers based on the proteomes of 1724 FFPE thyroid tissue samples from a retrospective cohort. This classifier achieved over 91% accuracy in the discovery set for classifying malignant thyroid nodules. The classifier was externally validated by blinded analyses in a retrospective cohort of 288 nodules (89% accuracy; FFPE) and a prospective cohort of 294 FNA biopsies (85% accuracy) from twelve independent clinical centers. This study shows that integrating high-throughput proteomics and AI technology in multi-center retrospective and prospective clinical cohorts facilitates precise disease diagnosis which is otherwise difficult to achieve by other methods.
STING agonism enhances anti-tumor immune responses and therapeutic efficacy of PARP inhibition in BRCA-associated breast cancer
Authors: Pantelidou Constantia , Jadhav Heta , Kothari Aditi , Liu Renyan , Wulf Gerburg M. , Guerriero Jennifer L. , Shapiro Geoffrey I.
Published: September 2022

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors exert their efficacy via synthetic lethal effects and by inducing cGAS/STING-mediated immune responses. We demonstrate that compared to monotherapies, combined PARP inhibition and STING agonism results in increased STING pathway activation, greater cytotoxic T-cell recruitment and enhanced dendritic cell activation in BRCA1-deficient breast cancer models. The combination markedly improved anti-tumor efficacy in vivo, with evidence of complete tumor clearance, prolongation of survival and induction of immunologic memory.
Machine learning assisted design of shape-programmable 3D kirigami metamaterials
Authors: Alderete Nicolas A. , Pathak Nibir , Espinosa Horacio D.
Published: September 2022

Kirigami-engineering has become an avenue for realizing multifunctional metamaterials that tap into the instability landscape of planar surfaces embedded with cuts. Recently, it has been shown that two-dimensional Kirigami motifs can unfurl a rich space of out-of-plane deformations, which are programmable and controllable across spatial scales. Notwithstanding Kirigami’s versatility, arriving at a cut layout that yields the desired functionality remains a challenge. Here, we introduce a comprehensive machine learning framework to shed light on the Kirigami design space and to rationally guide the design and control of Kirigami-based materials from the meta-atom to the metamaterial level. We employ a combination of clustering, tandem neural networks, and symbolic regression analyses to obtain Kirigami that fulfills specific design constraints and inform on their control and deployment. Our systematic approach is experimentally demonstrated by examining a variety of applications at different hierarchical levels, effectively providing a tool for the discovery of shape-shifting Kirigami metamaterials.
Long-term aging of CVD grown 2D-MoS2 nanosheets in ambient environment
Authors: Rajput Nitul S. , Kotbi Ahmed , Kaja Khaled , Jouiad Mustapha
Published: September 2022

A chemically vapor deposited MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) is aged in the laboratory at ambient and at 40% average humidity for ~36 months. Nanorods of few microns in length and few nanometers in diameter are found to grow from the MoS2 seeds. They have been growing as a result of the chemical reaction between the MoS2 NSs and ambient O2 and moisture, they exhibit an amorphous phase structure in the stoichiometric form of MoO3. Density functional theory simulations further reveal the role of H2O and O2 in the transformation of the MoS2 NSs. The adsorption energy of O2 molecules on the MoS2 sites is Ead = −1.09 eV as compared to lowest absolute Ead = −0.10 eV of H2O indicating the favorable adsorption of O2 and subsequent Mo oxidation. This study provides valuable insight into the aging phenomenon of MoS2 exposed to O2 and moisture which might limit their application.
Tissue-wide cell-specific proteogenomic modeling reveals novel candidate risk genes in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Doostparast Torshizi Abolfazl , Wang Kai
Published: September 2022

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a set of complex neurodevelopmental diseases characterized with repetitive behavioral patterns and communication disabilities. Using a systems biology method called MAPSD (Markov Affinity-based Proteogenomic Signal Diffusion) for joint modeling of proteome dynamics and a wide array of omics datasets, we identified a list of candidate ASD risk genes. Leveraging the collected biological signals as well as a large-scale protein-protein interaction network adjusted based on single cell resolution proteome properties in four brain regions, we observed an agreement between the known and the newly identified candidate genes that are spatially enriched in neuronal cells within cerebral cortex at the protein level. Moreover, we created a detailed subcellular localization enrichment map of the known and the identified genes across 32 micro-domains and showed that neuronal cells and neuropils share the largest fraction of signal enrichment in cerebral cortex. Notably, we showed that the identified genes are among the transcriptional biomarkers of inhibitory and excitatory neurons in human frontal cortex. Intersecting the identified genes with a single cell RNA-seq data on ASD brains further evidenced that 20 candidate genes, including GRIK1, EMX2, STXBP6, and KCNJ3 are disrupted in distinct cell-types. Moreover, we showed that ASD risk genes are predominantly distributed in certain human interactome modules, and that the identified genes may act as the regulator for some of the known ASD loci. In summary, our study demonstrated how tissue-wide cell-specific proteogenomic modeling can reveal candidate genes for brain disorders that can be supported by convergent lines of evidence.
Characterization of the core microbial community governing acidogenic processes for the production of valuable bioproducts
Authors: Yin Qidong , Wu Guangxue , Lens Piet N. L.
Published: September 2022

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and alcohols generated from acidogenic processes are valuable bioresources. However, how the diversity of acidogenic microorganisms and environmental factors affect their generation are still poorly understood. In this study, 18 different inocula and 42 sludges from acidogenic lab-scale reactors were collected to analyze the microbial communities and their metabolic potential using 16S rRNA genes high throughput sequencing coupled with PICRUSt2. 23 out of 30732 distinctive amplicon sequence variants were identified as the core features and 34.8% of them (e.g., Clostridium spp.) were positively correlated with the generation of the most common product acetate. PICRUSt2 shows that an average of 27% of predicted fermentation-pathway genes was assigned to the core features, suggesting their crucial roles in acidogenesis. From the network aspect, the acidogenic network had a slightly higher number of nodes (12%), but significantly lower numbers of edges (109%) and neighbors (132%) compared with the inoculum network. A total of 28 independent subnetworks from large to small scales were extracted from the acidogenic network. The decentralized distribution of core features in these subnetworks emphasized their non-co-occurring relationships. The electrode potential was the most significant environmental variable (48.2–49.3% of the explanation), positively affecting the distribution of more than 50% of the core features and fermentation pathways. Results of this study emphasized the importance of core features rather than microbial diversity in acidogenic performance and highlighted the response of the core microbial community to environmental changes, which may be applied in practical applications to optimize acidogenic performance.
Morphometrics in three dimensional choroidal vessel models constructed from swept-source optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Sugano Yukinori , Maeda Shunsuke , Kato Yutaka , Kasai Akihito , Tsuji Shingo , Okamoto Masahiro , Sekiryu Tetsuju
Published: September 2022

We created three types of vessel models: vessel volume, surface, and line models from swept-source optical coherence tomography images and tested experimentally calculated three-dimensional (3D) biomarkers. The choroidal volume (CVolume), surface area (VSurface), and vessel length-associated index (VLI) were measured. The calculated 3D parameters were the mean choroidal thickness, choroidal vascularity index (CVI), vessel length density index (VLDI), vessel length to the stromal (VL–S) ratio, surface-to-volume ratio (S–V ratio), and vessel diameter index (VDI). Cluster analysis showed that the parameters were classified into two clusters: one was represented by the VVolume including the CVolume, VSurface, CVI, S–V ratio, VLI, VDI, and subfoveal choroidal thickness and the other by the VL–S ratio including the VLDI. Regarding the regional distribution, the VVolume, CVolume, VSurface, CVI, VLI, VL–S ratio, and VDI at the foveal center were higher than at the parafovea (P < 0.01). Although the VVolume decreased with age and axial length (AL) elongation, the association of the 3D parameters with age and AL elongation differed. The VLI, VLDI, VL–S ratio, and CVI decreased with age (P < 0.01) but not with AL elongation. The results suggested a structural difference in the choroidal vessel volume reduction between aging and AL elongation. The 3D parameters may provide additional information about the choroidal vasculature.
High-precision robust monitoring of charge/discharge current over a wide dynamic range for electric vehicle batteries using diamond quantum sensors
Authors: Hatano Yuji , Shin Jaewon , Tanigawa Junya , Shigenobu Yuta , Nakazono Akimichi , Sekiguchi Takeharu , Onoda Shinobu , Ohshima Takeshi , Arai Keigo , Iwasaki Takayuki , Hatano Mutsuko
Published: September 2022

Accurate prediction of the remaining driving range of electric vehicles is difficult because the state-of-the-art sensors for measuring battery current are not accurate enough to estimate the state of charge. This is because the battery current of EVs can reach a maximum of several hundred amperes while the average current is only approximately 10 A, and ordinary sensors do not have an accuracy of several tens of milliamperes while maintaining a dynamic range of several hundred amperes. Therefore, the state of charge has to be estimated with an ambiguity of approximately 10%, which makes the battery usage inefficient. This study resolves this limitation by developing a diamond quantum sensor with an inherently wide dynamic range and high sensitivity for measuring the battery current. The design uses the differential detection of two sensors to eliminate in-vehicle common-mode environmental noise, and a mixed analog–digital control to trace the magnetic resonance microwave frequencies of the quantum sensor without deviation over a wide dynamic range. The prototype battery monitor was fabricated and tested. The battery module current was measured up to 130 A covering WLTC driving pattern, and the accuracy of the current sensor to estimate battery state of charge was analyzed to be 10 mA, which will lead to 0.2% CO2 reduction emitted in the 2030 WW transportation field. Moreover, an operating temperature range of − 40 to + 85 °C and a maximum current dynamic range of ± 1000 A were confirmed.
Adaptive sampling during sequencing reveals the origins of the bovine reproductive tract microbiome across reproductive stages and sexes
Authors: Ong Chian Teng , Ross Elizabeth M. , Boe-Hansen Gry , Turni Conny , Hayes Ben J. , Fordyce Geoffry , Tabor Ala E.
Published: September 2022

Cattle enterprises are one of the major livestock production systems globally and are forecasted to have stable growth in the next decade. To facilitate sustainable live weight production, optimal reproductive performance is essential. Microbial colonisation in the reproductive tract has been demonstrated as one of the factors contributing to bovine reproductive performance. Studies also implied that reproductive metagenomes are different at each stage of the estrous cycle. This study applied Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ adaptive long-read sequencing to profile the bovine reproductive microbiome collected from tropical cattle in northern Queensland, Australia. The microbiome samples were collected from cattle of different sexes, reproductive status and locations to provide a comprehensive view of the bovine reproductive microbiome in northern Australian cattle. Ascomycota, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were abundant phyla identified in the bovine reproductive metagenomes of Australian cattle regardless of sexes, reproductive status and location. The species level taxonomical investigation suggested that gastrointestinal metagenome and the surrounding environment were potentially the origins of the bovine reproductive metagenome. Functional profiles further affirmed this implication, revealing that the reproductive metagenomes of the prepubertal and postpartum animals were dominated by microorganisms that catabolise dietary polysaccharides as an energy substrate while that of the pregnant animals had the function of harvesting energy from aromatic compounds. Bovine reproductive metagenome investigations can be employed to trace the origins of abnormal metagenomes, which is beneficial for disease prevention and control. Additionally, our results demonstrated different reproductive metagenome diversities between cattle from two different locations. The variation in diversity within one location can serve as the indicator of abnormal reproductive metagenome, but between locations inferences cannot be made. We suggest establishing localised metagenomic indices that can be used to infer abnormal reproductive metagenomes which contribute to abortion or sub-fertility.
The impact of 4D-Flow MRI spatial resolution on patient-specific CFD simulations of the thoracic aorta
Authors: Cherry Molly , Khatir Zinedine , Khan Amirul , Bissell Malenka
Published: September 2022

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is considered the gold standard of medical imaging technologies as it allows for accurate imaging of blood vessels. 4-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging (4D-Flow MRI) is built on conventional MRI, and provides flow data in the three vector directions and a time resolved magnitude data set. As such it can be used to retrospectively calculate haemodynamic parameters of interest, such as Wall Shear Stress (WSS). However, multiple studies have indicated that a significant limitation of the imaging technique is the spatiotemporal resolution that is currently available. Recent advances have proposed and successfully integrated 4D-Flow MRI imaging techniques with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to produce patient-specific simulations that have the potential to aid in treatments,surgical decision making, and risk stratification. However, the consequences of using insufficient 4D-Flow MRI spatial resolutions on any patient-specific CFD simulations is currently unclear, despite being a recognised limitation. The research presented in this study aims to quantify the inaccuracies in patient-specific 4D-Flow MRI based CFD simulations that can be attributed to insufficient spatial resolutions when acquiring 4D-Flow MRI data. For this research, a patient has undergone four 4D-Flow MRI scans acquired at various isotropic spatial resolutions and patient-specific CFD simulations have subsequently been run using geometry and velocity data produced from each scan. It was found that compared to CFD simulations based on a $$1.5\,{\text {mm}} \times 1.5\,{\text {mm}} \times 1.5\,{\text {mm}}$$

1.5

mm
×
1.5

mm
×
1.5

mm

, using a spatial resolution of $$4\,{\text {mm}} \times 4\,{\text {mm}} \times 4\,{\text {mm}}$$

4

mm
×
4

mm
×
4

mm

substantially underestimated the maximum velocity magnitude at peak systole by $$110.55\%$$

110.55
%

. The impacts of 4D-Flow MRI spatial resolution on WSS calculated from CFD simulations have been investigated and it has been shown that WSS is underestimated in CFD simulations that are based on a coarse 4D-Flow MRI spatial resolution. The authors have concluded that a minimum 4D-Flow MRI spatial resolution of $$1.5\,{\text {mm}} \times 1.5\,{\text {mm}} \times 1.5\,{\text {mm}}$$

1.5

mm
×
1.5

mm
×
1.5

mm

must be used when acquiring 4D-Flow MRI data to perform patient-specific CFD simulations. A coarser spatial resolution will produce substantial differences within the flow field and geometry.
Cord blood adiponectin and leptin are associated with a lower risk of stunting during infancy
Authors: Park Sangshin , Vargas Zorimel , Zhao Anne , Baltazar Palmera I. , Friedman Jennifer F. , McDonald Emily A.
Published: September 2022

Undernutrition is responsible for up to 45% of deaths in children under five, with low- and middle-income countries disproportionately affected. Adipokines are known modulators of metabolism and have been linked to growth rates and neurocognition during infancy. We examined the relationship(s) between cord blood adiponectin and leptin and both longitudinal growth and cognition during the first year of life using generalized estimating equations. Infants were classified as underweight (weight-for-age z-score [WAZ]), stunted (height-for-age z-score [HAZ]) or wasted (weight-for-height z-score [WHZ]) using WHOAnthro software. Cord blood adiponectin and leptin levels were highly correlated (r = 0.35, P < 0.0001) and positively associated with birth WAZ (r = 0.34 and r = 0.45, P < 0.0001, respectively). Adipokines were independently, inversely associated with weight gain. Infants in the highest quintile of adipokine production had a lower risk of being stunted, while neither was associated with lower WAZ or WHZ in final adjusted models. Cognition was not found to be independently related to cord blood leptin or adiponectin. The negative association with adipokines and rate of weight gain during infancy may reflect heightened nutritional status at birth rather than a direct hormonal influence. The relationship between leptin or adiponectin and longitudinal length gains suggests that both adipokines may promote linear growth during infancy.
12-month prevalence of atopic dermatitis in resource-rich countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Volke Annika , Toompere Karolin , Laisaar Kaja-Triin , Oona Marje , Tisler Anna , Johannson Annika , Kallavus Kadi , Lang Katrin , Kiisk Ele , Uusküla Anneli
Published: September 2022

There is a lack of robust prevalence estimates of atopic dermatitis (AD) globally and trends over time due to wide variation of populations and age groups studied, different study methodologies and case definitions used. We sought to characterize 12-month AD prevalence across the life span and change over time in resource-rich countries focusing on population-based studies and using a standardized AD case definition. This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Medline (Ovid), Embase, WOS core collection, Cinahl, and Popline were searched for studies published since inception through August 15, 2016. Studies were synthesized using random effects meta-analysis. Sources of heterogeneity were investigated using subgroup analyses and meta-regression. From 12,530 records identified, 45 studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis with random effects revealed the 12-month period prevalence of 9.2% (95% confidence interval 8.4–10.1%). The prevalence was significantly higher among 0–5-year-old children (16.2%; 95% confidence interval 14.2–18.7%) than in older age groups. Studies using a random sampling strategy yielded lower prevalence estimates than studies relying on other sampling methods. There was no clear time trend in AD prevalence over the period of 1992–2013.
Choice of Voxel-based Morphometry processing pipeline drives variability in the location of neuroanatomical brain markers
Authors: Zhou Xinqi , Wu Renjing , Zeng Yixu , Qi Ziyu , Ferraro Stefania , Xu Lei , Zheng Xiaoxiao , Li Jialin , Fu Meina , Yao Shuxia , Kendrick Keith M. , Becker Benjamin
Published: September 2022

Fundamental and clinical neuroscience has benefited tremendously from the development of automated computational analyses. In excess of 600 human neuroimaging papers using Voxel-based Morphometry (VBM) are now published every year and a number of different automated processing pipelines are used, although it remains to be systematically assessed whether they come up with the same answers. Here we examined variability between four commonly used VBM pipelines in two large brain structural datasets. Spatial similarity and between-pipeline reproducibility of the processed gray matter brain maps were generally low between pipelines. Examination of sex-differences and age-related changes revealed considerable differences between the pipelines in terms of the specific regions identified. Machine learning-based multivariate analyses allowed accurate predictions of sex and age, however accuracy differed between pipelines. Our findings suggest that the choice of pipeline alone leads to considerable variability in brain structural markers which poses a serious challenge for reproducibility and interpretation.
HLA alleles, disease severity, and age associate with T-cell responses following infection with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Olafsdottir Thorunn A. , Bjarnadottir Kristbjorg , Norddahl Gudmundur L. , Halldorsson Gisli H. , Melsted Pall , Gunnarsdottir Kristbjorg , Ivarsdottir Erna , Olafsdottir Thorhildur , Arnthorsson Asgeir O. , Theodors Fannar , Eythorsson Elias , Helgason Dadi , Eggertsson Hannes P. , Masson Gisli , Bjarnadottir Sólveig , Saevarsdottir Saedis , Runolfsdottir Hrafnhildur L. , Olafsson Isleifur , Saemundsdottir Jona , Sigurdsson Martin I. , Ingvarsson Ragnar F. , Palsson Runolfur , Thorgeirsson Gudmundur , Halldorsson Bjarni V. , Holm Hilma , Kristjansson Mar , Sulem Patrick , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Stefansson Kari
Published: September 2022

Memory T-cell responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection have been extensively investigated but many studies have been small with a limited range of disease severity. Here we analyze SARS-CoV-2 reactive T-cell responses in 768 convalescent SARS-CoV-2-infected (cases) and 500 uninfected (controls) Icelanders. The T-cell responses are stable three to eight months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, irrespective of disease severity and even those with the mildest symptoms induce broad and persistent T-cell responses. Robust CD4+ T-cell responses are detected against all measured proteins (M, N, S and S1) while the N protein induces strongest CD8+ T-cell responses. CD4+ T-cell responses correlate with disease severity, humoral responses and age, whereas CD8+ T-cell responses correlate with age and functional antibodies. Further, CD8+ T-cell responses associate with several class I HLA alleles. Our results, provide new insight into HLA restriction of CD8+ T-cell immunity and other factors contributing to heterogeneity of T-cell responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Research progress on eco-friendly superhydrophobic materials in environment, energy and biology
Authors: Peng Jiao , Wu Laiyan , Zhang Hui , Wang Ben , Si Yifan , Jin Shiwei , Zhu Hai
Published: September 2022

Inspired by nature, bionic multi-functional eco-friendly superhydrophobic materials have been widely reported in the fields of environment, energy and biology.
Small molecule activation with bimetallic systems: a landscape of cooperative reactivity
Authors: Navarro Miquel , Moreno Juan José , Pérez-Jiménez Marina , Campos Jesús
Published: September 2022

This Feature Article highlights our group's efforts to investigate the structure, bonding, and reactivity of singly and multiply bonded bimetallic complexes.
Heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate by stable Co-MOF for the efficient degradation of organic dye pollutants
Authors: Xie Wei , Yuan Yuan , Jiang Wei , Zhang Shu-Ran , Xu Guang-Juan , Xu Yan-Hong , Su Zhong-Min
Published: September 2022

A new Co-MOF with splendid stability can act as an excellent heterogeneous catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate, exhibiting highly efficient organic dye degradation in aquatic environments.
New theoretical investigation of rotational inelastic (de)-excitation of calcium isocyanide CaNC(2Σ+) in collision with He(1S)
Authors: Hachani Lamia , Khadri Fehmi , Hammami Kamel
Published: September 2022

Calculation of rate coefficients of CaNC(2Σ+) induced by collision with He is performed for thermal temperature below 70 K.
Structural investigation of sulfobetaines and phospholipid monolayers at the air–water interface
Authors: Elstone Naomi , Arnold Thomas , Skoda Maximilian W. A. , Lewis Simon E. , Li Peixun , Hazell Gavin , Edler Karen J.
Published: September 2022

Mixtures of sulfobetaine based lipids with phosphocholine phospholipids are studied using surface scattering techniques, which allows the variation in interfacial structure to be determined.
Hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol over In-doped m-ZrO2: a DFT investigation into the oxygen vacancy size-dependent reaction mechanism
Authors: Yu Jie , Zeng Yabing , Lin Wei , Lu Xin
Published: September 2022

DFT calculations show that oxygen vacancies affect the reaction mechanism of CO2 hydrogenation towards methanol on the In@m-ZrO2(111) surface.
Decreasing toxicity and increasing photoconversion efficiency by Sn-substitution of Pb in 5-ammonium valeric acid-based two-dimensional hybrid perovskite materials
Authors: Kagdada Hardik L. , Materny Arnulf , Singh Dheeraj K.
Published: September 2022

Probing non-toxic 2D perovskites through Pb substitution with Sn results in a substantial reduction in band gap through shrinking of the octahedral geometries and increases in photoconversion efficiency up to 30.02%.
Synthesis and coordination of hybrid phosphinoferrocenes with extended donor pendants
Authors: Navrátil Michal , Císařová Ivana , Štěpnička Petr
Published: September 2022

Structurally modular, multidonor phosphinoferrocenes allow the preparation of multiply chelating complexes, whose structure can be controlled by the nature of the inserted nitrogen linking groups.
Synthesis and comparison study of electrochemiluminescence from mononuclear and corresponding heterodinuclear Ir–Ru complexes via an amide bond as a bridge
Authors: Dong Jianhua , Ding Yangming , Zhou Yuyang
Published: September 2022

Two mononuclear complexes and the corresponding heterodinuclear complex were synthesized for thorough investigation by photophysical, electrochemical and ECL characterization in this work.
In situprecise anchoring of Pt single atoms in spinel Mn3O4for a highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wei Jinxin , Xiao Kang , Chen Yanxiang , Guo Xing-Peng , Huang Bolong , Liu Zhao-Qing
Published: September 2022

Controllable doping of a Pt single-atom into the octahedral sites of a spinel Mn3O4lattice leads to a moderate rise of the d-band-center, which guarantees the adsorption of key intermediates for superior hydrogen evolution reaction.
Cryo-EM samples of gas-phase purified protein assemblies using native electrospray ion-beam deposition
Authors: Esser Tim K. , Böhning Jan , Fremdling Paul , Bharat Tanmay , Gault Joseph , Rauschenbach Stephan
Published: September 2022

Cryo-EM of samples prepared from mass-selected and soft-landed protein complexes creates a direct link between structure and complementary chemical information.
Zeolite confinement-catalyzed cleavage of C–O/C–C bonds in biomass
Authors: Li Xinyan , Ma Shuo , Li Hao
Published: September 2022

Benefiting from the confinement effect, the great potential of metal@zeolite for the cleavage of C–O/C–C bonds in sustainable biomass upgrading systems is highlighted.
Photocatalytic dehydrogenated etherification of 2-aryl benzylic alcohols
Authors: Liang Zhihui , Liu Chao , Fan Jiajun , Wang Mingze , Yan Xuanyu , Huang Mingqiang , Cai Shunyou
Published: September 2022

Here we describe an efficient and practical method for the conversion of 2-aryl benzylic alcohols into the corresponding chromenes with the synergistic interactions of 2-bromoanthraquinone, O2, nBu4NBr and K2CO3under visible-light irradiation.
Improved uranium particle analysis by SIMS using O3− primary ions
Authors: Groopman Evan E. , Williamson Todd L. , Simons David S.
Published: September 2022

We have investigated the use of negative molecular oxygen primary ion beams (i.e., O2− and O3−) to determine the benefits of using such beams for uranium particle SIMS analyses.
N-Methylamide-structured SB366791 derivatives with high TRPV1 antagonistic activity: toward PET radiotracers to visualize TRPV1
Authors: Kida Tatsuya , Takahashi Nobuaki , Mori Masayuki X. , Sun Jiacheng H. , Oota Hideto , Nishino Kosuke , Okauchi Takashi , Ochi Yuta , Kano Daisuke , Tateishi Ukihide , Watanabe Yasuyoshi , Cui Yilong , Mori Yasuo , Doi Hisashi
Published: September 2022

N-Methylamide derivatives of SB366791 show higher antagonistic activity against TRPV1 compared with SB366791. 11C- and 18F-labeled radiotracers of these derivatives were synthesized, and PET imaging studies using rats were performed.
A recyclable graphene/Ag/TiO2 SERS substrate with high stability and reproducibility for detection of dye molecules
Authors: Wang Zezhou , Li Sha , Wang Junyuan , Shao Yunpeng , Mei Linyu
Published: September 2022

Magnetron sputtering combined with the wet chemical transfer of graphene successfully prepared a multilayer composite material and an efficient photocatalytic renewable SERS substrate. It has excellent photocatalytic activity against dye molecules.
A cobalt-doped WS2/WO3 nanocomposite electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic and alkaline media
Authors: Kadam Sunil R. , Bar-Ziv Ronen , Bar-Sadan Maya
Published: September 2022

A simple preparation method of doped nanoflowers produces improved catalytic activity due to the complex structure of the phases and compositions.
Cyclodextrin polymer-confined urease for the fast and efficient removal of urea
Authors: Ren Cui , Wang He , Cheng Yue , Ma Xiaofei , Wang Yong
Published: September 2022

A highly efficient urease immobilized material was synthesized for fast and efficient urea removal with high pH and temperature tolerance.
Molecular tiltation and supramolecular interactions induced uniaxial NTE and biaxial PTE in bis-imidazole-based co-crystals
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Priyasha  , Das Dinabandhu
Published: September 2022

Uniaxial NTE and biaxial PTE has been observed in bis-imidazole-based co-crystals induced by molecular tiltation and supramolecular interactions.