bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПОНИМАНИЕ ПРИЧИННО-СЛЕДСТВЕННЫХ СВЯЗЕЙ КАК КЛЮЧЕВОЙ НАВЫК ЧЕЛОВЕКА ГОВОРЯЩЕГО
Authors: БЕЛЫХ Екатерина Сергеевна
Published: April 2023

В статье анализируется способность людей к пониманию причинно‑следственных связей и отмечается фундаментальная роль данного когнитивного навыка в овладении членораздельной речью. Автор подчеркивает взаимосвязь между орудийной деятельностью, разворачивающейся в определенном социальном контексте, энцефализацией в линии гоминид, развитием лобных долей головного мозга человека (в частности, префронтальных формаций коры) и совершенствованием концептуальной основы производства орудий труда. В совокупности отмеченные феномены связаны с увеличением емкости кратковременного компонента рабочей памяти, позволяющей человеку одновременно удерживать внимание на нескольких объектах и связях между ними, осуществлять рекурсивные действия, согласованно оперировать несколькими понятиями, генерируя рекурсивные предложения. Ввиду реализации перечисленных процессов у человека возникает способность понимать каузальные зависимости и умение выстраивать, анализировать и понимать предложения, состоящие из нескольких слов, а также создавать и понимать правила их построения.
ТРАНСНАЦИОНАЛИЗМ КАК НОВАЯ ПЕРСПЕКТИВА ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ОБЩЕСТВА
Authors: КЛЕПИКОВА Любовь Владимировна , МУРМАНЦЕВ Владимир Сергеевич
Published: April 2023

Статья посвящена транснационализму как актуальному методологическому подходу, используемому в гуманитарных и социальных науках. Главное преимущество данного подхода, по мнению авторов, состоит в новом взгляде на возросшую в современных условиях мобильность индивидов, социальное пространство и процессы перемещения. Авторы приводят примеры использования транснационализма в зарубежных исследованиях, а также характеризуют сильные и слабые стороны данной методологической стратегии.
ОТКРЫВАЯ Л. ВЫГОТСКОГО ЗАНОВО: ОТ ПРОЧТЕНИЯ НА ЗАПАДЕ К ПЕРЕПРОЧТЕНИЮ В РОССИИ*
Authors: ГАСПАРЯН Диана Эдиковна
Published: April 2023

Настоящая статье служит предисловием к публикации перевода фрагмента книги Я. Валсинера и Р. ван дер Веера «Понимая Выготского. В поисках синтеза» (глава 8 «Выготский и гештальтпсихология»). В предлагаемой русскоязычному читателю главе раскрывается вся сложность взаимоотношений гештальтпсихологии и деятельностного подхода. Авторы описывают не только обстоятельства распространения идей Л.С. Выготского по всему миру, но и полемические контексты, в которых находилось его учение.
Evaluation of Plasma-microRNA320 level among Colorectal Cancer Iraqi Patients
Authors: Mohammed Hiba Abdulameer , Kandala Nuha Joseph
Published: April 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) Patients showed different expression patterns of miRNAs which are involved in carcinogenesis in comparison to healthy controls individuals, miRNAs are involved in tumor progression and development of metastases. We investigate the expression profile of microRNA 320 and to quantify the expression level abundance among colorectal cancer patients in comparison to the healthy control group. The A total number of 60 plasma samples was collected from CRC patients along with 40 plasma samples from healthy controls and subjected to relative quantification using qPCR assay with a specified set of primers designed using stem-loop strategy. The resulting folding level revealed 2 distinguished patterns of expression; 31 samples (51.66%) were higher than the folding mean level of control (Up-regulation) and 29 samples (48.33%) were below the folding mean level (Down-regulation). The relation of folding level among healthy controls and patient groups showed a P value of 0.0001 using the Pearson Chi-square test. The Area under curve (AUC) was determined as 0.730 with a P-value of 0.0001 with a 95% confidence interval, the lower bound was 0.632 and the upper bound was 0.827.
Separation and Micro Determination of Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) in Food Samples Using Cloud Point Extraction method
Authors: Abd Wannas Fatimah , Azooz Ebaa Adnan , Ridha Rana Kadhim , Jawad Shawket Kadhim
Published: April 2023

The cloud point extraction technique has become increasingly popular in recent years for trace metal separation and preconcentration. When heated to a specific temperature, cloud point extraction utilizes the property of nonionic surfactants in aqueous solutions to generate micelles and become turbid (so-called cloud point temperature). For analytical chemists, developing a simple and selective technology for the separation and determination of metals and medicinal drugs is a critical concern. Therefore, a sensitive, accurate, and green cloud point extraction (CPE) procedure was developed for the micro-determination of metal cations like zinc (II) and cadmium (II) in food samples. Triton X–114 and 1-(4-(Phenyldiazenyl) phenyl) azo naphthalene-2-ol (Sudan III) were used as extractants. Sudan III forms an ion-pair association complex with metal ions when the pH is 9. In the presence of 5 ppm zinc (II) or 4 ppm cadmium (II) in an aqueous solution, the maximum extraction efficiency should be achieved. In order to create Cloud Point Temperature (CPT) quantitatively, the extraction applications in this approach required heating at 85°C for 20 minutes. In this work, the impacts of different surfactants, pH, stoichiometry, and various organic reagents on interferences as well as spectrophotometric determination were explored. The linearity ranges of zinc (II) and cadmium (II) were 0.25-700 and 0.25-400 ppm, respectively. The results show low detection limits of 0.035 and 0.042 ppm for zinc (II) and cadmium (II), respectively. Also, the quantification limits for zinc (II) and cadmium (II) are 0.116 and 0.140 ppm, respectively.
Solvability for Optimal Classical Continuous Control Problem Controlling by Quaternary Hyperbolic Boundary Value Problem
Authors: Hassan Mayeada , Al-Hawasy Jamil A. Ali
Published: April 2023

This work is concerned with studying the solvability for optimal classical continuous control quaternary vector problem that controls by quaternary linear hyperbolic boundary value problem. The existence of the unique quaternary state vector solution for the quaternary linear hyperbolic boundary value problem  is studied and demonstrated by employing the method of Galerkin, where the classical continuous control quaternary vector  is Known. Also, the existence theorem of an optimal classical continuous control quaternary vector related to the quaternary linear hyperbolic boundary value problem is demonstrated. The existence of a unique solution to the adjoint quaternary linear hyperbolic boundary value problem associated with the quaternary linear hyperbolic boundary value problem is formulated and studied. The directional derivative for the cost functional is derived. Finally, the necessary optimality theorem for the optimal classical continuous control quaternary vector is proved.
Detection and Mitigation of Cache Pollution Attack Using Popularity Variation in Information Centric Networking Based on SDN
Authors: Sameer Marwa Kareem , Salman Mustafa Ismael
Published: April 2023

Information centric networking (ICN) is the next generation of internet architecture with its ability to provide in-network caching that make users retrieve their data efficiently regardless of their location. In ICN, security is applied to data itself rather than communication channels or devices. In-network caches are vulnerable to many types of attacks, such as cache poisoning attacks, cache privacy attacks, and cache pollution attacks (CPA). An attacker floods non-popular content to the network and makes the caches evict popular ones. As a result, the cache hit ratio for legitimate users will suffer from a performance degradation and an increase in the content’s retrieval latency. In this paper, a popularity variation mechanism in a CCN-SDN environment (PV-CSDN) is proposed to detect and mitigate CPA. PV-CSDN is based on observing the behavior of legitimate users to learn the normal traffic pattern and record the required threshold values. Two key parameters are used to achieve the threshold values: the popularity of the contents and the average rate of repeated requests for each interface in the router. The current traffic pattern will be compared with the predefined thresholds and if any variation in the traffic is occurred the attack is detected. The algorithm was able to detect the attack, and as a mitigation process, the controller will block the malicious interface to prevent any further degradation in the performance. The experiments show that PV-CSD detects and prevents the attack effectively.
Image Compression Techniques on-Board Small Satellites
Authors: Shihab Halah Saadoon
Published: April 2023

Raw satellite images are considered high in resolution, especially multispectral images captured by remote sensing satellites. Hence, choosing the suitable compression technique for such images should be carefully considered, especially on-board small satellites, due to the limited resources. This paper presents an overview and classification of the major and state-of-the-art compression techniques utilized in most space missions launched during the last few decades, such as the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)-based compression techniques. The pros and cons of the onboard compression methods are presented, giving their specifications and showing the differences among them to provide unified information about these methods for researchers and satellite imaging payload designers. Hence, some of these techniques are implemented, and comparisons are presented in the current work as examples to simulate an image compression system on board a small satellite using the MATLAB software package. This was achieved by employing three LANDSAT8, band6 satellite images. A wavelet selection was also considered for the DWT-based compression method, which gave the best results among the other methods through acquiring high values of compression ratio (CR) while maintaining the important scientific information of the image when reconstructed at the ground station.
The Satellite Images Matching and Mosaic Techniques
Authors: Abdul-Hammed Abeer N. , Mahdi Alaa S.
Published: April 2023

The Matching and Mosaic of the satellite imagery play an essential role in many remote sensing and image processing projects. These techniques must be required in a particular step in the project, such as remotely change detection applications and the study of large regions of interest. The matching and mosaic methods depend on many image parameters such as pixel values in the two or more images, projection system associated with the header files, and spatial resolutions, where many of these methods construct the matching and mosaic manually. In this research, georeference techniques were used to overcome the image matching task in semi automotive method. The decision about the quality of the technique can be considered if the error value is less than half a pixel. The projection-based method was used to ensure the mosaic process. The test images are satellite imagery with medium spatial resolutions; these images were processed to ensure the results. In matching techniques, the different sensor images (different in resolutions) were investigated using image resize and sampling. The results were obtained using many remote sensing packages and written programs in Matlab environmental.
Method Development of Nested Allele-Specific Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (NASM-PCR) for the Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)-related Gene Polymorphisms
Authors: Rosdi Rasmaizatul Akma , Musa Nurfadhlina , Zahari Zalina , Zahri Mohd Khairi , Alfatama Mulham , Khoo Boon Yin
Published: April 2023

Polymorphisms in the genes of G-protein subunit beta 3 (GNB3); rs5443, tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1); rs211105 and rs4537731, tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2); rs4570625 and sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 (SCN5A); rs1805124, have known to cause the abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract that are implicated to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) predisposition. Upfront genetic polymorphism genotyping in IBS-related gene polymorphisms will help to intervene and guide the decision-making in the management of IBS patients. This study aimed to develop a genotyping method to detect the respective polymorphisms using nested allele-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction (NASM-PCR). A combination of nested and allele-specific multiplex PCR method was developed to determine the five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mentioned. Annealing temperature, annealing and extension times, and the concentrations of MgCl2, primers, and DNA samples were optimized in the PCR. Sanger sequencing was performed to validate the genotyping results. NASM-PCR for IBS-related gene polymorphisms were successfully developed. DNA bands which correspond to the genes and SNPs have shown 100% homologous with the gene database. The developed method of NASM-PCR was reproducible and specific to be used for determining the respective polymorphisms of IBS. Notably, the described method can easily be integrated into other laboratories for population study or clinical use.
Activities to Foster The Students’ Socio-pragmatics Awareness: a Locally Situated Process
Authors: Wijayanti Fitri , Miqawati Alfi Hidayatu
Published: April 2023

Equipping students with Sociopragamatic awareness is very crucial to be deployed. Since Sociopragmatic competences are required in communications, the ELT teachers need to facilitate them with engaging activities and authentic material. Making the students engage actively in classroom instruction will increase their enthusiasm and spread the positivity among the students. However, inserting Socioragmatic into classroom instruction is rarely to be implemented by the teachers. To fill this void, the article presents activities to arouse the students Sociopragmatic awareness through locally situated process. This process is implemented in form of Discourse Completion Task (DCT), movie clips, and comic strips. These classroom activities are believed to give opportunities for the students to experience language practices therefore they know how to use the sensitive English.
The Practice of Learning Management System (LMS) in Teaching Speaking
Authors: Ismailia Titik
Published: April 2023

This study aims to look over the use of the Learning Management System (LMS) in teaching speaking for the Basic English course. The subject of the research is the first-semester students of Mechatronics Engineering. This paper will apply descriptive qualitative research. The data will take from a survey of 76 students to know the practice of LMS in teaching speaking. The result shows that the speaking material that has been uploaded is useful for students to understand the topic. Moreover, the features in LMS Moodle such as downloading materials, submitting assignments, and quizzes are easy to operate so that teaching-learning through LMS can run well. The LMS also helps the teacher to be creative in designing the materials for teaching to make the students do the task better.
Prognosis of early supervised rehabilitation after knee arthroscopic surgery
Authors: Alzahrani Khalid H. , Sayeed Abdan B. , Zaghlol Rabab S.
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most commonly injured knee ligaments. The majority of ACL tears are treated with arthroscopic reconstruction surgery. However, the literature on early postoperative rehabilitation is deficient. This study aims to determine the effects of early and supervised rehabilitation following an arthroscopic reconstruction on pain and function in the patients. In addition, the impact on rehabilitation unit discharge timing.

Methods:

A retrospective single-center study reviewed all post-operative unilateral arthroscopic ACL reconstructions using hamstring auto-graft with or without arthroscopic meniscectomy or meniscal repair, followed by standardized supervised rehabilitation in the hospital unit, from January 2017 to January 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: Those who started supervised rehabilitation within 14 days and those who started it after 14 days.

Results:

The mean duration from the day of surgery to the start of rehabilitation was (In Group I; mean: 10.97 and standard deviation [SD]: 3.21, in Group II; mean: 27.27 SD: 17.92). Both study groups improved significantly from the baseline in terms of pain, knee flexion and extension, and manual muscle testing (P ≤ 0.05). Patients in Group I who underwent isolated ACL reconstruction had the highest percentage of pain and degree of knee flexion changes (80% and 54.2%, respectively). The discharge time in Group I was faster than in Group II.

Conclusion:

Early supervised rehabilitation after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction can begin within the first 2 post-operative weeks, resulting in faster recovery, reduced total rehabilitation time, and a quicker return to the patient’s previous level of activities.
Cervical Angina: A Rare Entity
Authors: Jawahirani Anil Ramesh , Giri Pramod , Pakhmode Chandrashekhar
Published: April 2023

A 39-year-old female was admitted with history of cervical radiculopathy for prolapse intervertebral disc surgery. Pre-surgical check-up was uneventful. There was no history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus or ischemic heart disease in past. Her blood investigations, electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography, all were within normal limits. Post-operative within 2−3 h, she developed severe angina with gross ST-T changes in anterior leads. Immediately, her Troponin I and echocardiography were done, which were within normal limits. She was treated with IV nicorandil, antiplatelets and statin. She responded to treatment, and subsequently, her serial Trop I and echo were normal. ECG changes gradually reverted to normal in next 3−4 days and she was discharged in stable condition on day 5. Her further workup for angina revealed normal coronaries on conventional angiography. She fits into typical case of cervical angina one of the rare entities.
Gitelman Syndrome – A Case Report
Authors: Yesankar Vishal Sopan , Pitale Pallavi Shailesh
Published: April 2023

Hypokalaemia is an electrolyte disorder, commonly encountered in clinical practice. Sometimes, it may present with severe life-threatening complications. We present here a case of 22-year-old female, who was admitted to intensive care unit, for severe hypokalaemia associated with cardiac and neurological complications. She had recurrence of such episodes. On detailed clinical and biochemical evaluation, she was diagnosed to have Gitelman syndrome (GS). She was treated with intravenous potassium and magnesium supplementation under cardiac monitoring and other supportive management. She was discharged in stable condition, on oral supplements, and remained stable on follow-up visits. GS is an autosomal recessive and renal tubular disorder characterised by hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis with hypomagnesaemia, hypocalciuria, secondary hyperreninemic aldosteronism and hypotension. The disease is caused by biallelic inactivating mutations within the SLC12A3 gene encoding the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter expressed within the apical membrane of cells, lining the distal convoluted tubule. Since GS is an autosomal recessive trait, the recurrence risk for people with an affected child is 25%. It is very important to completely evaluate a patient with hypokalaemia to find the underlying cause. There can be various etiological factors for hypokalaemia ranging from common to rare disorders. If underlying aetiology remains undiagnosed, there may be recurrence as well as increased morbidity and mortality. GS is one such disorder, which needs prompt diagnostic evaluation and treatment.
Clinical Profile and in Hospital Outcome of Acute Poisoning Cases Admitted in Tertiary Care Hospital: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Aher Atul Limbajirao , Shingade Pravin Uttamrao
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

Acute poisoning is a medical emergency. Data are scarce from the Indian subcontinent regarding the profile and outcome of patients presenting with acute poisoning admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess the clinical profile and hospital outcome of acute poisoning cases admitted in tertiary care hospitals.

Material and Methods:

A total of 148 patients with acute poisoning aged >18 years and admitted in the intensive care unit and medicine wards of tertiary care hospital during a period of 1 year from September 1, 2019, to August 31, 2021, were studied.

Results:

Poisoning was more common in the 21–30 years age group (42.57%) with male predominance (55.41%). Poisoning with suicidal intention constituted 81.76%: 44.59% of cases seeking medical help within 2–4 h. In 81.76% of cases, route of poisoning was oral. Organophosphorus was the most common acute poisoning (28.38%), and most common symptoms were nausea/vomiting. Complications noted were ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (4.72%), renal failure (6.08%) and hepatic failure (2.7%). Mortality was seen in 11.49% of cases. Out of 148 cases, 121 were of suicidal poisoning, while 14 patients out of them expired so psychiatric evaluation of 107 patients can be made and out of that all patients had some underlying psychiatric illness. Patients requiring ventilatory support constituted 25.67% of cases.

Conclusion:

Clinical profile of acute poisoning depends on the nature of compound/poison, quantity of compound consumed/exposed, first aid received at the primary care level and time taken to shift the patient from primary care level to tertiary care level. In-hospital mortality mostly depends on the dedicated facilities available at the tertiary care level in addition to the factors described above for clinical profile.
Study of Correlation of Arterial Blood Gas Measurements with Peripheral Venous Blood Gas Values in Adult Patients Admitted in ICU in Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shisodiya Kunalsinh Khushalsinh , Vyawahare Milind
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is an essential investigation for assessment of ventilation, oxygenation and acid–base status in critically ill patients. Arterial puncture to obtain arterial blood is more invasive procedure than venous and has more potential complications. The present study was undertaken to find out the correlation between arterial and peripheral venous blood gas (VBG) values for PO2 (Partial pressure of oxygen), PCO2 (Partial pressure of carbon dioxide), pH (Potential of hydrogen) and HCO3 (bicarbonates).

Material and Methods:

A total of 131 consecutive patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) requiring ABG analysis to determine their acid–base status or ventilatory status were included in the study. Arterial and venous blood samples were obtained with a heparinised syringe within <15 min, after performing modified Allen’s test and were analysed using blood gas analysis machine. The mean of pH, pCO2, HCO3, and PO2, values in arterial and venous samples was determined, along with peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) of patients.

Results:

ABG and VBG analysis correlated well for pH, pCO2 and HCO3, as their correlation coefficient (r) were 0.976, 0.992 and 0.984, respectively, whereas PO2 has correlation coefficient of 0.010 which suggests that there was poor correlation in PO2. For each unit increase in pCO2, pH and HCO3 of VBG, all these ABG changes by 0.9831 units, 0.914 units and 0.992 units, respectively. Peripheral O2 saturation (SpO2) correlates well with arterial O2 saturation, however, does not correlate with venous O2 saturation.

Conclusion:

The results show that VBG analysis can be a substitute for ABG for evaluation of ventilatory function and acid–base imbalance for pH, pCO2 and HCO3 in patients of ICU setup in many clinical contexts.
Clinical Profile and in Hospital Outcome of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis at Tertiary Care Centre of Central India
Authors: Rajkondawar Atul V. , Bhilare Prashant D.
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

The objectives of the study are as follows: Clinical profile and in hospital outcome of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) at tertiary care centre in central India. To study clinical presentation and outcomes of CVST.

Material and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary care centre from October 2020–October 2022. All patients suspected to have CVST based on clinical history and examination were evaluated but only those with confirmed diagnosis (based on neuroimaging) of CVST were taken for study.

Results:

Total of 62 patients were studied, most common age group was between 21 and 30 years. Among them males and females are 61.29 and 38.71, respectively. In our study, we found dehydration (62.90%) as the most common predisposing risk factor of CVST, followed by alcohol (48.38%). Headache (83.87%) is the most common symptom and followed by vomiting (59.68%) and convulsion (48.39%), least common was altered sensorium. The most common sinuses involved were superior sagittal sinus (67.74%) and superior sagittal plus sigmoid sinus (14.52%). Among 62 patients, 48 are discharged (77.42%). Death was reported in 14 (22.58%) cases.

Conclusion:

CVST is an important cause of intracranial hypertension, seizures and stroke in young people. Clinical presentation is extremely variable and a high index of suspicion is needed. Magnetic resonance imaging brain with magnetic resonance venography is the current diagnostic modality of choice.
Insulin Resistance
Authors: Chaoji Sunanda Ashutosh
Published: April 2023

The twin epidemic of ‘Diabesity’-diabetes and obesity, all over the world, both in developed and developing countries, has brought the issue of insulin resistance (IR) into new focus of research. Apart from Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), IR is implicated in many other clinical syndromes because of its varied metabolic and mitogenic actions. IR has been found to play important pivotal role in pathophysiology of diabesity. IR is defined as when a normal or higher insulin level fails to produce expected biological response; one predominantly affecting insulin mediated glucose disposal 20–30% reduction in the number of insulin receptors on the target cells is observed in majority of Type 2 DM patients but 1/3 of the patients may not manifest loss of number of receptors; therefore, defective post-receptor signalling is considered as the main cause of IR. Main sites of IR are liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscles. Apart from Type 2 DM, many other clinical and genetic syndromes are associated with IR.
Marburg Variant of Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report
Authors: Ghadge Varada Vikas , Bondre Amol Gowardhan , Parate Tilottama Ramesh , Bhiwgade Rahul Dilip
Published: April 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disorder with central nervous system (CNS) involvement, leading to varied presentations. It is an autoimmune disease characterised by chronic inflammation, demyelination, gliosis (plaques or scarring) and neuronal loss with relapsing or progressive course. MS plaques typically develop at different times and in different CNS locations (i.e., MS is said to be disseminated in time and space). The clinical course is extremely variable, ranging from a relatively benign condition to a rapidly evolving and incapacitating disease requiring profound lifestyle adjustments. MacDonald’s criteria are frequently used to diagnose MS. Rapidly, evolving severe forms of MS such as Marburg’s variant and Balo’s concentric sclerosis account for <4% of total incidence of MS. The clinical course is rapid and often fatal. The exact aetiology behind this malignant nature of Marburg’s variant MS is unknown. In this case report, we will be discussing one such rare presentation of Marburg variant of MS.
Content validity of D-MESS: Articulate storyline 3-based learning media in sport massage courses
Authors: Tisna MS Gede Doddy , Kusuma Ketut Chandra Adinata , Muliarta I Wayan , Darmawan Gede Eka Budi
Published: April 2023

The development of innovative learning media is one of the solutions for educators in the learning process in higher education in the current era of digital and technological disruption. Interactive learning media are relevant to be applied in hybrid or blended learning methods. The purpose of this study was to find out the results of validating D-MESS content as an interactive learning medium in sports massage courses. The data used in this study are quantitative data obtained from questionnaires filled out by learning experts, media experts, and programming experts. The data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive, which is oriented towards the Content Validity Index (CVI) approach. The results of the validation test on D-MESS show that, from the educational aspect, a value of 0.89 is obtained, on the aspect of program display, a value of 0.91, and on the aspect of technical quality, a value of 0.83. Referring to these results, the interactive learning media for the sports massage course, which is named D-MESS, has a high level of validation, both from the educational aspect, program appearance, and technical quality. So that the relevance of all components of the three aspects, such as curriculum suitability, content of learning materials, interaction, feedback, coloring, graphics, sound, animation, display between screens, ease of use, and program security, is very good, even though there are minor revisions. Furthermore, with this very high D-MESS validation value, it is suggested for future research.
HUBUNGAN BIAYA HIDUP DAN PENGELUARAN KONSUMSI MAHASISWA PADA PRODI PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI JURUSAN PIIS FKIPUNIVERSITAS TANJUNGPURA PONTIANAK
Authors: Sumartono Bambang Genjik
Published: April 2023

Abstractthe title of the research report is the Relationship of Cost of Living and Expenditure of Student Consumption in the Economics study program  of Social science department FKIP of Tanjungpura University.The basis of the research is referring to the income theory that the cost of living provided by parents to students is a fee given periodically can be every month or every year, and is sourced from the income of parents transferred  for limited education costs and the small amount is very dependent. The ability of the student's parents, while the expenditure of student consumption is strongly influenced by the demands of the student's needs in accordance with the consumption pattern that is influenced by the desire to consume or called marginal propencity to consume or MPC.  So referring to the income theory, there is a relationship between the cost of living for students provided by parents and consumption expenditures made for education costs, even the effect not only on consumption but also on student savings, because income will affect consumption and savings that are the needs of students, then student consumption expenditures can be categorized as follows:Student consumption expenditures are less than the cost of living received by studentsStudent consumption expenses are equal to the cost of living received by studentsStudent consumption expenditures are greater than the cost of living received by studentsFurthermore, the problem of this study the author wants to describe the condition of students of economic education programs from the possibility of phenomena above, by survaiing the cost of living and student consumption expenditures in pursuing given by the parents of students and the use of fees carried out by students as a pattern of student consumption expenditure in pursuing education.  The problem of this study is "How to relationship the Cost of Living and Expenditure of Student Consumption in FKIP  Untan Economic Education Program"With the following sub-issues:How diversity of living costs received by students in FKIP Untan economic education study programHow diversity of student consumption expenditure on students of FKIP Untan economic education programHow is there an opportunity to save from the release of its consumption?How the cost of living relationship with student consumption patterns in students of FKIP Untan economic education programHow to relate the cost of living provided by parents with the pattern of spending on savings for educational activities in students of FKIP Untan economic education programHow is the relationship between student consumption patterns and the amount of savings for the purposes of upcoming educationalactivities. And the results can be seen from the description and understanding of the hypothesis. .  Keyword : Relationship of Cost of Living and Expenditure of Student Consumption
Identifikasi Permasalahan Akademik Pada Mahasiswa FKIP - UNIVERSITAS TANJUNGPURA
Authors: Wicaksono Luhur , Linarsih Andini , Putri Amallia
Published: April 2023

Permasalahan akademik merupakan kendala berkaitan dengan perkuliahan ketika individu menjadi mahasiswa, sampai ia selesai menjadi seorang sarjana. Berdasarkan faktor penyebabnya, maka permasalahan akademik dapat berasal dari komponen internal (KI) dan komponen eksternal (KE) Permasalahan Akademik pada Mahasiswa FKIP-Untan menjadi tujuan penelitian, agar dapat menjadi sumber informasi dalam pengembangan program-program Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling. Rancangan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Sedangkan instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan akademik mahasiswa, dinamakan Inventori Ungkap Masalah Akademik Mahasiswa (IUMAM). Aspek-aspek dalam IUMAM, meliputi: Komponen Internal (KI), dan Komponen Eksternal (KE). Hasil Penelitian dari 91 Responden, menunjukkan bahwa Permasalahan Akademik mahasiswa FKIP Untan secara umum, tergolong Sangat Rendah (24,44%). Permasalahan yang bersumber pada Komponen Internal (KI), termasuk kategori Sangat Rendah (25,32%). Lebih lanjut, untuk Permasalahan Akademik yang bersumber dari Komponen Eksternal (KE), juga temasuk kategori Sangat Rendah (23, 27%) Kata kunci: Permasalahan Akademik.
EFEKTIVITAS PELATIHAN PEMUPUKAN ORGANIK MELALUI DEMONSTRASI PLOT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERTANI ORGANIK
Authors: Bhuana Bagaskara , Mulyana Enceng , Hasbi Noor Agus , Sukmana Cucu
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sampai dimana tingkat efektifitas pelatihanpemupukan organik memalui demonstrasi plot untuk meningkatkan kemampuan Bertani Organik. Pendekatan dan metode dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Lembar observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi merupakan instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 10 (sepuluh) orang, di Desa Cikalong Kulon Kabupaten Cianjur. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat efektifitas pelatihan pupuk organik ini masih rendah terutama pada area pemahaman bertani organik dimana petani kurang mampu mengintegrasikan, mengelaborasi pengetahuan yang sudah ada. Kelompok tani berperan aktif dalam meningkatkan potensi pertanian yang ada khususnya dalam memberikan pupuk organik menggunakan teknik demplot, metode demplot dirasa sangat bermanfaat dan efektifitasnya dalam pertanian organic.
Redox-Neutral Synthesis of Sulfilimines through the S-Alkylation of Sulfenamides
Authors: Lu Xunbo , Huang Guoling , Yang Kaiyuan , Xu Xinyu
Published: April 2023

Sulfilimines are a class of bioisosteres with immense potential in medicinal chemistry, characterized by the presence of a tetravalent sulfur atom bearing one nitrogen and two distinct carbon substitutes. The conventional methods for synthesizing sulfilimines, relying on metal-catalyzed oxidative thioesters, suffer from a poor atomic economy and wastage of resources. To this end, we present a metal-free and redox-neutral approach for the first selective S-alkylation of sulfenamides under basic conditions to obtain sulfilimines. Our sustainable and efficient strategy involves sulfur-selective alkylation of easily accessible sulfenamides and commercially available halogenated hydrocarbons, leading to the successful synthesis of 60 sulfimides with high yields (36–99%) in a short reaction time. This novel approach not only offers a promising alternative to traditional methods but also expands the synthetic toolbox for the preparation of sulfilimines in medicinal chemistry.
Guest-Induced Pore Breathing Controls Spin State in a Cyanido-Bridged Framework
Authors: Magott Michał , Płonka Klaudia , Sieklucka Barbara , Dziedzic-Kocurek Katarzyna , Kosaka Wataru , Miyasaka Hotoshi , Pinkowicz Dawid
Published: April 2023

Iron(II) spin cross-over (SCO) compounds combine a thermally driven transition from the diamagnetic low spin (LS) state to the paramagnetic high-spin (HS) state with a distinct change in the crystal lattice volume. Inversely, if the crystal lattice vol-ume was modulated post-synthetically, the spin state of the compound could be tunable, resulting in the inverse effect for SCO. Herein, we demonstrate such a spin-state tuning in a breathing cyanido-bridged porous coordination polymer (PCP), where the volume change resulting from guest-induced gate-opening and -closing directly affects its spin state. We report a synthesis of the three-dimensional coordination framework {[FeII(4 CNpy)4]2[WIV(CN)8]·4H2O}n (1·4H2O; 4-CNpy = 4 cyanopyridine), which demonstrates a SCO phenomenon characterized by strong elastic frustration. This leads to the 48 K wide hysteresis loop above 140 K, but below this temperature results in a very gradual and incomplete SCO transition. 1·4H2O was activated under mild conditions, producing the nonporous {[FeII(4-CNpy)4]2[WIV(CN)8]}n (1) via a single-crystal-to-single-crystal process involving a 7.3% volume decrease, which shows complete and nonhysteretic SCO at T1/2 = 93 K. The low-temperature photoswitching behavior in 1 and 1·4H2O manifested the characteristic elasticity of the frameworks; 1 can be quantitatively converted into a metastable HS state after 638 nm light irradiation, while the photoactivation of 1·4H2O is only partial. Furthermore, nonporous 1 adsorbed CO2 molecules in a gated process, leading to {[FeII(4 CNpy)4]2[WIV(CN)8]·4CO2}n (1·4CO2), which resulted in a 15% volume increase and stabilization of the HS state in the whole temperature range down to 2 K. The demonstrated post-synthetic guest-exchange employing common gases is an efficient approach for tuning spin state in breathing SCO-PCPs.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health among a sample of patients attending primary health centers in Erbil City
Authors: Hassan Ahmed , Zubaida , Hawez Sulaiman Karwan
Published: April 2023

Background: Any pandemic is not only considered as a medical phenomenon; it has an impact on one’s life and its society. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health is a common issue and up to the researcher’s knowledge, no previous study has been carried out among patients attending primary health care centers in Erbil City.

Objective: To assess physical and mental health problems associated with Covid-19 pandemic among a Kurdish sample of patients.

Patients and Methods: A cross sectional study using a convenience sample was conducted on 300 patients attending six primary health care centers in Erbil city. The study started from 1st of April 2021 to 31st of March 2022. The data were collected using a questionnaire after reviewing relevant literature.

Results: The mean age (± S.D) of participants was 42.16 (±14.64) years, more than half (52.7%) of them were female, 65% of them were married. The majority (72.7%) of them were not smokers and 32.7% of them had chronic disease. More than half (61.7%) of participants stated that their physical activities were reduced and 38.3% of them gained weight. More than half (55.3%) of participants were infected with the Covid-19 while the rest (44.7%) were PCR negative with the disease. Thirty nine percent of participants suffered from sleep disturbance. There was significant statistical association between COVID-19 infection and gender, and marital status. There was non-significant statistical association between COVID-19 infection and sleep disturbance.

Conclusion: Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the participants’ wellbeing physically and mentally. Impact on physical health included decreased physical activities and weight gain and impact on mental health included psychological symptoms such as sleep disturbance, irritability, worry, feeling depressed, and insecurity about self and future.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Erbil city
Authors: Abbas Othman, Mustafa , Qader Meena Mohammed
Published: April 2023

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis and metabolic syndrome are closely linked, which considerably raises the risk of cardiovascular complications, and consequently, morbidity and mortality. Treatment of the metabolic syndrome reduces mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular disease.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a population of female patients with Rheumatoid arthritis, and association with comorbidities and Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs).

Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was conducted in Erbil City. A total of 110 female patients with the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis were included during the period of July 2021-March 2022. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, and proteinuria were investigated. The metabolic syndrome defining criteria from the international diabetes federation (IDF-2005) were applied.

Results: Out of 110 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 63 (57.3%) were found to have metabolic syndrome, in whom the majority of them 52 (71.2%)  were obese class 1. A significant association of metabolic syndrome was found with comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, and hypothyroidism), p-value 0.019, and TNF-alpha inhibitor drugs were shown to be associated with a reduced risk for metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is common in rheumatoid arthritis patients, and it increases the risk of other comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, and hypothyroidism) as well as cardiovascular diseases. Patients on biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs are at a lower risk of metabolic syndrome.
Expression of CK19 in papillary thyroid carcinoma in comparison with benign thyroid lesions
Authors: Abbas Fadhel Thura
Published: April 2023

Background: The Papillary variant of thyroid carcinoma is one of the common types of thyroid malignancies , the commonest. Its diagnosis  usually is microscopic which based on  nuclear features.

Objective: To assess  the immunohistochemical  expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) in PTC and compare its reactivity with other thyroid conditions to approve its importance as a useful  test for diagnosing PTC.

Patients and Methods: Twenty- cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (with different variants), five follicular adenomas and ten multinodular goiters (MNG) were collected over three years (2018-2021).10% formalin-fixed sections were collected from thyroidectomy specimens. Stained with Hematoxylin and eosin  then  immunohistochemical  staining for  immune-marker CK 19 was done using standard techniques. The results were quantitatively scored as the following: score 0 (negative ), score 1+ (<5%) positive cells), score 2+ (5- 25%), score 3+ (25-75%) ,finally score 4+ (>75%) positive cells), and then calculated.

Results: An 18 (90%) papillary carcinomas show diffuse and strong (3+ and 4+) expression of CK19 . ,three out of ten (30%) MNG were weakly positive(1+ and 2+) and focal in distribution while in  follicular adenoma all cases were negative for CK19 .

Conclusion: Ck 19 can stain benign and malignant thyroid tissue, but strong membranous staining applied  in cases of papillary ca , thus can be used as confirmatorytool for PTC diagnosis.
Lactulose vs Lactuloseand inulin in treatment of pediatric constipation
Authors: Sabah Berdawd, Salar , Loqa Hanna, Sasan , Kakameen Hamad Yasir
Published: April 2023

Background: Assess the efficacy of combining fiber and lactulose in the treatment of constipation in the pediatric age group.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of combining fiber and lactulose in the treatment of constipation in the pediatric age group.

Patients and Methods: One hundred forty-six patients with fuctionalconstipation  were chosen in a non-randomized superiority trial manner as they were convenient to enroll due to their presentation to the outpatient clinic during the period from August 2019 to February 2022.Patient received either a solution of lactulose 3.3g/5ml in group A or a solution of 4.005g Inulin fiber and 4.005g lactulose per 20ml in group B.

Results: Total of 146 children were included; all, 146 patients completed the study. In the lactulose group, 19 patients were on therapy for less than 6 months, and 48 were on therapy for more than 6 months. In the lactulose + fiber group, 59 patients were on therapy for less than 6 months, and 20 were on therapy for more than 6 months. No serious adverse effects were registered but 18 (27%) of children in the lactulose group encountered side effects, while 11 (14%) of children in the lactulose + fiber group encountered side effects.

Conclusion: A solution of Lactulose + fiber is superior to a solution of Lactulose alone in terms of efficacy for the treatment of constipation in the pediatric age group. It also has a lower side effects profile.
Central Asia as a geo-strategic region in the modern geopolitical confrontation
Authors: Parfinenko Anatoliy
Published: April 2023

The work reveals the geopolitical dynamics in Central Asia, the states of which, since gaining independence, have become a geostrategic factor in international relations. The countries of the region - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are located in the center of Eurasia and are a kind of "buffer zone" between East and West. They have significant energy and raw material potential and play the role of a transport corridor between the countries of East and Southeast Asia and the EU. Central Asia is a region of strategic importance for global international players, each of which seeks to create its own sphere of influence there. The subject of the research is the state of geopolitical rivalry in Central Asia at the present stage. The purpose of the publication is to trace the transformation of the foreign policy strategies of key international players (China, Russia, the USA, the EU and Turkey) in the Central Asian region, to present scenarios for the development of the region in the context of global geopolitical confrontation. Methods of general scientific analysis and international political research were used: geopolitical, historical and comparative, discourse analysis, analytical and prognostic, etc. The work is based on the theory of structural realism, the fundamental principles of the theory of regional security complexes (B. Buzan, O. Wever), in within which the international region acts as a universal category for considering contemporary international relations. It is concluded that the countries of Central Asia have left the monopoly sphere of Moscow's geopolitical influence and have become a vector of China's strategic influence. The Russian military invasion of Ukraine is said to have posed a threat to regional security and raised concerns among the political elites of Central Asia. Blocking the export of Kazakh oil to Europe as part of Russia's energy war against the EU requires new ways of supplying energy resources bypassing the Kremlin. This will create a unique opportunity for the US and EU to strengthen their involvement in the region, which will curb the revisionist aspirations of Moscow and Beijing and help promote democracy in the region.