bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relational Truth-creation: Between Bare Literal Openness and Mutual Manipulation
Authors: Gelhaus Petra
Published: May 2013

The intention of this article is to highlight some aspects that question a simplistic idea of truth as corresponding to the facts that is often implied in the imperative "Tell the truth!": the epistemological status of the biomedical information, the choice and development of relevant information, and the complicated process of adjusting two different ways of explanations with the actual state of affairs. Telling the truth is a delicate and complicated process, the more if it is embedded in other communicational tasks like therapy and diagnosis. It requires a successive development of mutual understanding, and it has educative and insofar also possibly manipulative aspects, that may on the first view contradict the guiding imperative. Thus, truth-telling is not translating a medical checklist to everyday language, but requires hermeneutic as well as constructive capacities from both, sender and receiver of the information.
Truth-telling and the Asymmetry of the Attitude to Truth-telling to Dying Patients in Latvia
Authors: Neiders Ivars , Sile Vija , Silis Vents
Published: May 2013

This article deals with concerns related to truth-telling in interaction between the doctor and the dying patient, exploring such issues as conflicting duties of veracity and non-maleficence, truthfulness and deception, and reasons behind physicians' decisions either to withhold or to disclose information about patients' diagnoses and prognoses. It focuses on various attitudes to truth-telling to dying patients, such as symmetry and asymmetry, both of which can be positive and negative. The empirical part of the article reports on the methods and results of the qualitative study carried out in Latvia during the summer of 2012. This study was based on the assessment of three case scenarios from the quantitative instrument designed by Dalla-Vorgia et al. in 1992. By means of semi-structured and focus-group interviews, evidence was gathered about physicians' and medical students' attitudes towards truth-telling, which allows the drawing of conclusions about the presence of asymmetry and symmetry in both cases. Additionally, an insight about the standards used for making decisions in case scenarios was gained and the origins of these standards were explored, revealing the aftermath of a gradual evolution from the ethics of the Soviet era to modern standards of medical ethics.
Risk Communication in Assisted Reproduction in Latvia: From Private Experience to Ethical Issues
Authors: Mezinska Signe , Mileiko Ilze
Published: May 2013

The aim of this paper is to analyze the process of risk communication in the context of assisted reproduction in Latvia. The paper is based on a qualitative methodology and two types of data: media analysis and 30 semi-structured interviews (11 patients, 4 egg donors, 15 experts). The study explores a broad definition of risk communication and explores three types of risks: health, psychosocial, and moral. We ask (1), who is involved in risk communication, (2), how risks are discussed using different channels of communication, and (3), what ethical problems arise during this process. In the process of analysis, we identified four types of information channels and two strategies of risk communication used by patients, as well as several ethical problems. In our view, the analysis of risk communication practices is significant to improve patient/physician relationship, as well as better meet patients' needs for comprehensive risk information.
Philosophical Roots of the One Medicine Movement: An Analysis of Some Relevant Ideas by Rudolf Virchow and Calvin Schwabe with Their Modern Implications
Authors: Lerner Henrik
Published: May 2013

During the last decade there has been increasing interest in combining veterinary and human medicine, mainly in the areas of vaccination and the eradication of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases. Although the roots of this "One Health-One Medicine" approach can be found in ancient Egypt and Greece, the roots of the philosophy of "one medicine" have not been so thoroughly discussed. In this paper I will analyse some ideas that could unite veterinary and human medicine, from Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) and Calvin W. Schwabe (1927-2006). Both are recognized as important theoretical founders of the philosophy of one medicine. I will also further develop these thoughts to meet some of the discussions taken place today.
Mucous retention cyst of the maxillary sinus-minimally invasive treatment with use of piezosurgery. Case report
Authors: Rahnama Mansur , Czupkałło Łukasz , Czajkowski Leszek , Czajkowska Wioletta , Kozicka-Czupkałło Maryla
Published: May 2013

Paranasal sinus mucoceles are chronic, benign, mucous filled cystic lesions caused by obstruction of sinus ostia. Mucoceles are usually seen in the frontoethmoidal region. Maxillary sinus retention cysts are rare amongst paranasal sinus mucoceles. We present one such case of a 63-year-old woman, whose maxillary sinus mucocele revealed during radiological examination, was treated with the use of piezosurgery. In this article we also present the beneficial aspects of the ultrasound unit, that allows for precise removal of bone with minimal risk of injury to underlying soft tissues. It allows more successful and more complication-free surgical result for a less experienced surgeon that could be especially beneficial for preparation of the Schneider’s membrane. Furthermore, it gives minimal operative invasion as well as provides less bleeding intra- and postoperative.
Selected markers of bone turnover in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Malecha-Jędraszek Arleta , Burska Agata , Donica Helena , Matuszek Beata , Korpysz Maciej , Wojtysiak-Duma Beata , Nowakowski Andrzej
Published: May 2013

The mechanisms of bone alterations in diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) are complex and still poorly understood. It depends on the number of protective factors on bone health, such as hyperinsulinemia, obesity, estrogens as well as factors accelerating bone resorption (e.g. hyperglycemia). The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of CTx (C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of the alpha chain of type I collagen) and OCN (osteocalcin) in DM2 patients and to look for correlations between these markers and selected clinical data as well as biochemical parameters evaluated in routine diagnostics and monitoring of diabetes (glucose, lipid profile, urea, creatinine, parathyroid hormone, HbA1c, ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase). The study was conducted in 45 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 60.7±10.3 years. The control group consisted of 25 healthy subjects aged 57.6±11.9 years. In DM2 patients the concentrations of OCN (14.5±8.8 ng/ml; p<0.001), CTx (0.3±0.2 ng/ml; p<0.05) were significantly lower than in healthy subjects (28.1±11.9 ng/ml, 0.5±0.2 ng/ml for OCN and CTx, respectively). Significantly higher levels of OCN (p<0.05) and CTx (p<0.01) were found in women than in men within the study group. In DM2 patients OCN concentration was positive correlated with CTx ​​(r=0.721, p=0.000), PTH (r=0.426, p=0.003) and negative with TG ​​(r=-0.349, p=0.019). Furthermore, CTx was directly correlated with ALP ​​(r=0.396, p=0.009) and PTH (r=0.413, p=0.005) as well as inversely with TG (r=-0.302, p=0.044) and HbA1c (r=-0.349, p=0.019). In conclusion, the observed lower levels of OCN and CTx and their positive inter-correlation may suggest overall slowed down bone metabolism with reduced bone formation and bone resorption in patients with DM2.
The impact of ketoprofen on viability and melanization process in normal melanocytes HEMn-DP
Authors: Buszman Ewa , Wrześniok Dorota , Otręba Michał , Beberok Artur
Published: May 2013

The aim of this work was to examine the impact of ketoprofen on melanogenesis in cultured human normal melanocytes (HEMn-DP). The WST-1 assay was used to detect ketoprofen cytotoxic effect. It has been demonstrated that ketoprofen induces the loss of melanocytes viability in a concentration–dependent manner. The value of EC50 was found to be ~ 1 mM. It has also been shown that ketoprofen causes inhibition of tyrosinase activity and reduces melanin content in human epidermal melanocytes. The demonstrated inhibitory effect of ketoprofen on melanization process in melanocytes in vitro may explain the potential role of melanin biopolymer in the mechanisms of undesirable phototoxic effects of this drug in vivo, as a result of its accumulation in pigmented tissues.
The release of phenobarbital from parenteral emulsions
Authors: Dwornicka Dorota , Zuń Maria , Świąder Katarzyna , Poleszak Ewa
Published: May 2013

Five nonisotonised emulsions with different degree of compaction containing 1% solution of phenobarbital in soybean oil, lecithin, human albumin and four concentrated emulsions with the same composition containing the addition of isotonic agents such as: glucose, sodium chloride, Ringer salt, glycerin were prepared. The release of phenobarbital was examined by dialysis through the semipermeable membrane using the modified Franz diffusion cell. The studies show that the release is a diffuse. Phenobarbital releases with a lag time and the process is biphasic; first faster, in the second stage slower. The release of phenobarbital depends on the amount of external phase (water) in nonisotonised emulsions and on the kind of using isotonic agent in concentrated emulsions.
Influence of adenosine receptor ligands on ketamine-induced anesthesia in mice
Authors: Fidecka Sylwia , Mandryk Marcin
Published: May 2013

The influence of adenosine receptor ligands on anesthetic activity of ketamine was studied in mice. Ketamine-induced anesthesia (100 mg/kg) was significantly increased by the higher doses of CPA (selective A1 adenosine receptor agonist) and NECA (A1/A2 adenosine receptor agonist). CGS 21680 (selective A2A receptor agonist) markedly but not significantly prolonged this ketamine effect. Administration of both selective adenosine receptors antagonists DPCPX (A1) and DMPX (A2A) resulted in significant decrease in the duration of ketamine-induced anesthesia. Caffeine (A1/A2 adenosine receptor antagonist) dose-dependently but not significantly diminished the anesthetic effect of ketamine. The results suggest that adenosinergic system is involved in ketamine anesthetic activity and seem to appear that the effects are connected with both type (A1 and A2A) of adenosine receptors.
The analysis of risk factors for developing shingles
Authors: Gawrońska Paulina , Flisiuk Magdalena , Cielica Wojciech , Koncewicz Anna
Published: May 2013

Shingles (herpes zoster) is caused by the reactivation of human herpes virus type 3 (HHV-3) that has been latent in the cranial nerves ganglion and dorsal root ganglion. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors for the reactivation of HHV-3, present instructions for the treatment of shingles and describe preventive measures, namely vaccination. The study is based on the analysis of the shingles incidence in patients treated in the Dermatology Department and Dermatology Clinic at The 1st Clinical Military Hospital with Policlinic in years 2007-2011 in Lublin.
The conclusion of the study is that the most important risk factors for herpes zoster are age, co-existing chronic diseases (including cancer) and immunosuppressive therapy. The course of disease in older patients is more severe and requires intensive treatment and hospitalization. In the face of increasing incidence of shingles, the introduction of vaccination against HHV-3 in patients over 50 years of age should be given due consideration in the next 20 years.
The effect of prolonged incubation time on the interaction between PAMAM dendrimers and iminodiacetic acid derivatives
Authors: Markowicz Magdalena , Szymański Paweł , Mikiciuk-Olasik Elżbieta
Published: May 2013

Dendrimers, highly branched spherical polymers, are known for their ability to act as solubility enhancers of various types of drugs. In the present study, we investigated the potential of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers G1-G4 in concentration from 0 to 10 mg/mL for solubility of two iminodiacetic acid derivatives after prolonged (72 hour) incubation time. The experiments were conducted by means of the equilibrium solubility method which is based on the spectrophotometric measurements of compounds’ absorbance solubilized in the presence of PAMAM dendrimers. We reported that PAMAM dendrimers contribute to significant solubility enhancement of tested compounds. This effect is concentration- and generation- dependent. The results of solubility studies after 72 h incubation time suggest that the interactions between iminodiacetic acid derivatives and PAMAM dendrimers, mainly electrostatic and hydrophobic, are stable in aqueous environment.
Determination of imazalil and thiabendazole by UPLC- Q-TOF-MS – an analysis of a grapefruit extract-containing dietary supplement
Authors: Szpot Paweł , Bańka Krzysztof , Buszewicz Grzegorz
Published: May 2013

The report presents a method for determining imazalil and thiabendazole in a liquid grapefruit extract-containing dietary supplement using the ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) system. The employment of hybrid quadrupole coupled with time-of-flight analyzer characterized by a very high resolution allows for identifying the investigated compounds and for employing the developed technique in routine quality control of natural extracts-containing foodstuffs. The limit of detection for imazalil was 0.25 ng/ml, while for thiabendazole its value was 2 ng/ml. The recovery of the investigated fungicides was within the range of 84-109 %. In the studied dietary supplement, the investigators demonstrated trace amounts of imazalil and thiabendazole, what may be explained by biocide diffusion into the flesh of fruits employed in manufacturing products of this type.
The influence of selected factors on the risk of myocardial infarction
Authors: Szymańska Jolanta , Pietryka-Michałowska Elżbieta , Walewska Anna
Published: May 2013

The most important risk factors for heart attack are considered to be: lifestyle, smoking, high-calorie diet rich in animal fats, physiological and biochemical factors, elevated levels of cholesterol - especially LDL cholesterol, elevated concentration of triglycerides, hyperglycemia or diabetes, increased levels of homocysteine, elevated thrombotic factors. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of selected factors on the risk of myocardial infarction. The study was conducted among patients with diagnosed coronary artery disease who reported to the family doctor for a check. The effect of selected variables: age, sex, duration of coronary artery disease, smoking, and LDL cholesterol on the risk of myocardial infarction was studied. The results were statistically analyzed. It was found that the incidence of myocardial infarction is higher in men than in women, especially of premenopausal age. In the age group 35-44 years, the risk of the disease in men is almost nine times higher than in women. The risk of heart attack increases with age in both men and women. Among smokers heart attacks are observed significantly more frequently, and the risk of heart attack in this group is more than 2-fold higher than in non-smokers. The longer the duration of coronary artery disease, the risk of myocardial infarction increases. In patients with elevated LDL cholesterol the risk of heart attack is more than 3-fold higher than in those with normal levels.
Impact of lomefloxacin on antioxidant enzymes activity in normal melanocytes HEMa-LP
Authors: Beberok Artur , Buszman Ewa , Otręba Michał , Wrześniok Dorota
Published: May 2013

The report presents a method for determining imazalil and thiabendazole in a liquid grapefruit extract-containing dietary supplement using the ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) system. The employment of hybrid quadrupole coupled with time-of-flight analyzer characterized by a very high resolution allows for identifying the investigated compounds and for employing the developed technique in routine quality control of natural extracts-containing foodstuffs. The limit of detection for imazalil was 0.25 ng/ml, while for thiabendazole its value was 2 ng/ml. The recovery of the investigated fungicides was within the range of 84-109 %. In the studied dietary supplement, the investigators demonstrated trace amounts of imazalil and thiabendazole, what may be explained by biocide diffusion into the flesh of fruits employed in manufacturing products of this type.
Concentrations of free light chains determined by nephelometry and turbidimetry
Authors: Korpysz Maciej , Malecha-Jędraszek Arleta , Donica Helena , Wojtysiak-Duma Beata
Published: May 2013

Determination of FLCs in the blood serum has been useful to diagnose patients with monoclonal gammapathies. Besides, the test has been widely used to assess response to treatment and detect progressive conditions. In the course of gammapathy monoclonal light chains constitute homogenic population of chains made of kappa and lambda light immunoglobulins produced by malignant plasmocytes and/or B lymphocytes. Quantitative analysis of FLC by nephelometry and turbidimetry uses specific antibodies which recognize antigenic determiners of light chains. The purpose of our investigation was to compare nephelometric and turbidimetric methods applied in FLC determinations. Comparative determinations were done in the group of 64 patients suspected of monoclonal gammapathy: 30 females (mean age 66yrs) and 34 males (mean age 64yrs). The analysis of results let conclude that nephelometric and turbidimetric techniques applied to determine kappa and lambda free light chains have comparable diagnostic value.
Physical and chemical properties of emulsions made of ingredients obtained from Juglans regia L.
Authors: Wojciechowska Katarzyna , Zuń Maria , Dwornicka Dorota , Wośko Sylwia , Poleszak Ewa
Published: May 2013

The aim of the study was to obtain emulsions containing walnut oil, defatted, powdered walnut seeds and water. The walnut oil and defatted walnut seeds were obtained by extraction method using chloroform and methanol in proportion (1:1), (v/v). The oil was investigated according to Polish Pharmacopea VIII (organoleptic value, density, oil number and saponoating number). The defatted seeds were analyzed organoleptic and granulometric analysis of the particle size was done.

Nine different emulsions were prepared and next physical and chemical properties of these formulas were investigated.
The role of cyclooxygenase isoforms in the mechanisms of cytoprotection of gastric mucosa under the influence of hexapeptide Arg-a-Asp-Lys-Val-Tyr-Arg
Authors: Nasadyuk Christina , Panasyuk Natalya , Fomenko Iryna , Sklyarov Olexandr
Published: May 2013

In experimental epinephrine-induced gastric lesions in rats it was shown that olygopeptide Arg-α-Asp-Lys-Val-Tyr-Arg exerts cytoprotective effect, evaluated by the decrease of the area and severity of the damage of gastric mucosa as well as decrease of NOS activity, mainly due to the decrease of iNOS and NO production in gastric mucosa. Selective COX-2 blockade enhanced the cytoprotective action of AALVTA. Nonselective blockade by COX-1 caused significant decrease of the gastroprotective properties of AALVTA, showing involvement of COX-1 isoform in the mechanisms of cytoprotection of GM under the action of this hexapeptide.
Analysis of expression profile of genes encoding cell adhesion proteins in endometrial cancer
Authors: Kubiatowski Tomasz , Ciszewski Tomasz , Mocarska Agnieszka , Wojcierowski Jacek , Starosławska Elżbieta
Published: May 2013

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. Unfortunately, molecular pathogenesis of this neoplasm remains poorly understood. Using MacroArray technique, we analyzed expression profile of genes encoding adhesion proteins in neoplastic tissue derived from 40 patients diagnosed with the endometrial cancer between 2003 and 2004. Analysis of statistic dependences between gene expression profiles and tumor grade pointed out thirteen genes encoding adhesion proteins (cadherin-1, -5, -8, -13, -15, integrin alpha-1, -6, integrin beta-1, -8, zyxin related protein-1, paxillin, catenin alpha-1), which are significantly over- or under-expressed (11 and 2 genes respectively) depending of tumor grade. Taking under consideration clinical stage of the cancer we pointed out eleven genes (integrin alpha-8, integrin beta-1, -3, cadherin-8, -15, catenin beta-1, paxillin, trombospondin-2, ninjurin-1, desmocollin-3) encoding proteins crucial for cell-cell interaction those expressions were altered showing statistically significance for different clinical stage according to FIGO classification.
Itinerant Deaf Educator and General Educator Perceptions of the D/HH Push-in Model
Authors: Rabinsky Rebecca J.
Published: May 2013

A qualitative case study using the deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) push-in model was conducted on the perceptions of 3 itinerant deaf educators and 3 general educators working in 1 school district. Participants worked in pairs of 1 deaf educator and 1 general educator at 3 elementary schools. Open-ended research questions guided the study, which was concerned with teachers’ perceptions of the model in general and with the model’s advantages, disadvantages, and effectiveness. Data collected from observations, one-to-one interviews, and a focus group interview enabled the investigator to uncover 4 themes: Participants (a) had an overall positive experience, (b) viewed general education immersion as an advantage, (c) considered high noise levels a disadvantage, and (d) believed the effectiveness of the push-in model was dependent on several factors, in particular, the needs of the student and the nature of the general education classroom environment.
Teachers’ Perceptions of the Inclusion of Children With Hearing Loss in General Education Settings
Authors: Eriks-Brophy Alice , Whittingham JoAnne
Published: May 2013

A questionnaire was used to document the attitudes of 63 classroom teachers in Ottawa, Canada, toward inclusive education for students with hearing loss. The objective was to determine whether teachers had the attitudes, knowledge, and teaching skills proposed to underlie the effective inclusion of these students in regular classrooms. It was found that the teachers had favorable attitudes toward inclusion for students with hearing loss, felt confident in their ability to teach them, and were knowledgeable about the effects of hearing loss on language and learning. They also clearly indicated that their teacher education programs had insufficiently prepared them to teach these students effectively. The results highlight the need for increased emphasis on the unique educational requirements of students with hearing loss in teacher education programs, and for the provision of appropriate supports for both teachers and students to promote successful inclusion.
One Size Does Not Fit All: Individualized Instruction in a Standardized Educational System
Authors: Moores Donald F.
Published: May 2013

T his essay is based on a keynote address, “A Tour of the Horizons,” presented to the 2012 annual conference of the Association of College Educators/Deaf and Hard of Hearing (ACE/DHH), held in Atlantic Beach, Florida.
Using the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills With Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: Perspectives of a Panel of Experts
Authors: Luckner John L.
Published: May 2013

E arly literacy skills serve as the foundation for the development of subsequent reading skills and strategies. Increasingly, educators are administering early literacy assessments to identify young students who are at risk for reading failure and providing them with additional evidence based interventions. The most widely used assessments for reading in preschools and elementary schools for typical hearing students are the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS). The purpose of this study was to gather the perceptions of a panel of experts in the area of reading and individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing regarding the potential appropriateness of using the subtests of the DIBELS with students who are deaf or hard of hearing. Results, as well as practical and research implications, are provided.
Phonology Matters: A Comprehensive Investigation of Reading and Spelling Skills of School-Age Children With Mild to Moderate Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Park Jungjun , Lombardino Linda J. , Ritter Michaela
Published: May 2013

T he investigators measured 7 literacy skills in a group of 21 school-age children with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss (MSNH group), and compared the scores to those of 2 age-matched groups: children with dyslexia (DYS group) and, as a control, typically developing hearing children (CA group). The MSNH group performed consistently below the CA group but better than the DYS group, an indication that differences in the groups’ phonological processing profiles might be an important discriminating feature. Interestingly, the MSNH group showed a selective impairment in word reading accuracy only, whereas their reading rate was relatively unaffected. Children with MSNH who show weak phonological awareness skills seem to compensate by relying on orthographic recognition associated with rapid naming ability. To determine which children with MSNH are at high risk for depressed reading achievement, testing across a wide range of literacy skills should be considered.
The Effect of Education on the Occupational Status of Deaf and Hard of Hearing 26-to-64-Year-Olds
Authors: Walter Gerard G. , Dirmyer Richard
Published: May 2013

I n the last quarter of the 20th century, federal legislation sought to eliminate disability-based discrimination by requiring reasonable accommodations in school and the workplace. One result of this legislation has been increased access to U.S. colleges and universities by deaf and hard of hearing persons. The present article reviews the literature on employment of persons who are deaf or hard of hearing and reports results of a recent analysis that used the 2010 American Community Survey (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010a). It was found that significant gains in college attendance and graduation occurred during the period, with individuals who attained a college degree realizing increased employment and earnings relative to individuals who had not graduated. It was also found that college graduation helps reduce the gap between the earnings of deaf persons with a college degree and those of comparably educated hearing persons.
One Film, or Many?: The Multiple Texts of the Colonial Korean Film Volunteer
Authors: Seo Jaekil
Published: May 2013

Until recently, studies on films from colonial Korea in the Japanese empire had to rely primarily on secondary texts, such as memoirs, journal and newspaper articles, and film reviews. The recent discovery of original film texts from archives in Japan, China, Russia, and elsewhere and their availability on DVD format, prompted an important turning point in the scholarship. However, juxtaposing these newly released DVD versions with other archival sources exposes significant differences among the existing versions of texts. For instance, a newly discovered script reveals that important segments are missing in the recently released DVD version of the propaganda film Volunteer . There also exist important discrepancies in the dialogue among the original film script, the actual film version, the synopsis, and the Japanese subtitles. Some of the Korean-language dialogue, which might be interpreted as exhibiting some ambivalence toward Japanese imperial policies, was completely silenced through strategic omissions in the Japanese-language subtitles targeting Japanese audiences. Some Japanese-language translations of the script also exhibit drastic changes from the original Korean-language dialogue. Piecing together such fragmented and fraught linguistic dissonance found in the colonial archives, we can conjecture that viewers from the colony and the metropole of Volunteer may have consumed very different versions of the film. This article aims to examine the significance of such dissonance, which has only recently become audible in so-called films of transcolonial coproduction.
Collaboration, Coproduction, and Code-Switching: Colonial Cinema and Postcolonial Archaeology
Authors: Kwon Nayoung Aimee
Published: May 2013

This article reassesses the issue of colonial collaboration in the Japanese empire by examining the rise of cinematic coproductions between Japanese and Korean filmmakers. By the late 1930s, colonial Korea's filmmaking industry had been fully subsumed into the Japanese film industry, and regulations were established that required all films to assimilate imperial policies. The colonial government's active promotion of colonial "collaboration" and "coproduction" between the colonizers and the colonized ideologically worked to obfuscate these increasing restrictions in colonial film productions while producing complex and contentious desires across the colonial divide. The very concepts of "collaboration" and "co production" need to be redefined in light of increasingly complex imperial hierarchies and entanglements. Taking the concept of "code-switching" beyond its linguistic origins, this article argues that we must reassess texts of colonial collaboration and coproduction produced at a time when Korean film had to "code-switch" into Japanese—to linguistically, culturally, and politically align itself with the wartime empire. The article argues that recently excavated films from colonial and Cold War archives, such as Spring in the Korean Peninsula , offer a rare glimpse into repressed and contested histories and raise the broader conundrum of accessing and assessing uneasily commingled colonial pasts of Asian-Pacific nations in the ruins of postcolonial aftermath.
Between Ideology and Spectatorship: The "Ethnic Harmony" of the Manchuria Motion Picture Corporation, 1937-1945
Authors: Hong Sookyeong
Published: May 2013

Following the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, the Manchuria Motion Picture Corporation (Man'ei) was established in Manchukuo. Aiming to be the "Hollywood of the Orient," Man'ei operated as the only legitimate film corporation in Manchukuo, and its activities included all aspects of local film production, distribution, and exhibition. Studies of Man'ei have tended to describe its activities as part of the colonial project unilaterally implemented by Japanese officials and ideologues. However, the negotiations and contestations involved in the Man'ei project render any simple interpretations impossible, especially within the broader historical and political context of the Japanese empire. This article explores how the theme of "ethnic harmony" ( minzoku kyōwa ) became the core issue for Man'ei and how its attempted filmic expressions ended up uncovering the complexity and predicament involved in the problem of spectatorship. Li Xianglan (Ri Kōran), Manei's best-received transcolonial movie star at the time, represented the multiple ethnicities of Manchukuo; however, it is less well known that her "mainland romance films" were considered inappropriate for audiences in Manchukuo (Mankei). This article will complicate earlier assumptions and show that the theme of "ethnic harmony" came to be marginalized, while entertainment films presumably acceptable to the Mankei audience came to centrally preoccupy the feature films of Man'ei.
Negotiating Colonial Korean Cinema in the Japanese Empire: From the Silent Era to the Talkies, 1923-1939
Authors: Chung Chonghwa
Published: May 2013

This article examines what I call a "system of cooperation" (K. hyŏp'ŏp , J. kyōgyō , [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /]) in the colonial Korean film industry from 1923, when silent films appeared, to the late 1930s, when colonial cinema was restructured within an imperial wartime system. In other words, this article examines the interworking of colonial Korean and imperial Japanese cinema from Yun Hae-dong's "colonial modern" perspective in order to go beyond the long established lens on colonial Korean film and film historiography that merely focused on the contributions of colonial Korean filmmakers. Here the author rather focuses on the cooperation or collaboration between Japan and Korea: Japanese directors and cinematographers working in Korea, Korean filmmakers with experience in the Japanese apprenticeship system, and filmmakers working together and independently during the silent film era. During the transition from the silent to the early talkie eras, second-generation filmmakers, especially those who trained in film studios in Japan, were significant. They dreamed of the corporatization of the colonial Korean film industry and took the lead in coproductions between Japanese film companies and their colonial Korean counterparts. Korean filmmakers were not unilaterally suppressed by imperial Japan, nor did they independently operate within the Korean film industry during the colonial period. The Japanese in colonial Korea did not take the lead in forming the colonial Korean film scene, either. The core formation of colonial Korean / Korean film was a process of Korean and Japanese filmmakers in competition and negotiation with one another within a complex film sphere launched with Japanese capital and technology.
The Colonial and Transnational Production of Suicide Squad at the Watchtower and Love and the Vow
Authors: Watanabe Naoki , Rhee Jooyeon
Published: May 2013

This article places two Japan-Korea collaboration films produced during the Pacific War— Suicide Squad at the Watchtower ( Bōrō no kesshitai , 1943) and Love and the Vow ( Ai to chikai , 1945)—within the broader colonial and transnational context of filmmaking. Specifically, it focuses on the relationship of these films to the careers of their co-directors, Imai Tadashi (1912-1991) and Ch'oe In-gyu (1911-1950?). At the same time, the article shows how cinematic and cultural conventions such as the bildungsroman and the "Victorian empire film," which are more commonly associated with cultural production in the modern West, can, with appropriate adjustments, be fruitfully used to understand the power and entertainment value of these films. Suicide Squad at the Watchtower portrays a joint Japanese-Korean police squad controlling the border between Manchuria and Korea and its service to the Japanese empire; Love and the Vow is a story about a Korean orphan boy who, after interviewing the family of a kamikaze pilot, is inspired to become an imperial soldier himself. These two films were joint projects between Tōhō Film in Japan, where Imai was employed, and the Korean Motion Picture Production Corporation, the only film production company in colonial Korea (and the company into which all Korean film production companies had been absorbed during the war).
A Propaganda Film Subverting Ethnic Hierarchy?: Suicide Squad at the Watchtower and Colonial Korea
Authors: Mizuno Naoki
Published: May 2013

In the film Suicide Squad at the Watchtower (1943), the appearance of a Korean female physician carries with it the potential to subvert the film's representation of the colonial ethnic hierarchy. The film's director, Ch'oe In-gyu, had in his earlier film Homeless Angels presented the edifying message that a Korean female orphan could aspire to become a physician. This message was also incorporated into Suicide Squad at the Watchtower . In these two films the story of a Korean woman who studies to become a physician (or at least desires to become one) unfolds through the same actress, Kim Sin-jae. The suggestion that a Korean could achieve a social position equal to or even higher than a Japanese introduced the possibility of subverting the colonial ethnic hierarchy. But while the screenplay for the film had explicitly portrayed the female physician, the film version suppressed the representation, making it less evident. Nevertheless, it is possible to see Suicide Squad at the Watchtower 's enlightened message as an element with the potential to upset the ruling colonial order.
Fair or Balanced?: The Other Side of Fair Trade in a Nicaraguan Sewing Cooperative
Authors: Fisher Josh
Published: May 2013

This article tracks the rise and fall of the Fair Trade Zone, the first worker-owned "free trade zone" in the world. A partnership between a small development NGO and a small fair trade retailer from the US initiated the project in 1999, but a power struggle that arose between these two organizations and the worker-owners of the co-op in 2007 ultimately led to the co-op's withdrawal. This case study reflects on the rhetorical role of the concepts of solidarity and partnership in alternative trade and development initiatives like fair trade while providing a window onto a much more heterogeneous assemblage of imperfect connections, asymmetrical power, and divergent agendas, strategies, ideologies, and ethical regimes.
Post-Authenticity: Dilemmas of Identity in the 20th and 21st Centuries
Authors: Banks Marcus
Published: May 2013

This article draws upon some recent repatriation claims for Tasmanian human remains in British and European museums to examine debates concerning the authenticity of identity in the 21st century, and to reflect on the construction and representation of Indian identities in the colonial period. I discuss how authenticity can be seen as a process, used instrumentally, rather than a static quality, focusing on how authenticity is asserted, negotiated, performed, or rejected through social and political interaction. The negotiations of the Tasmanian Aboriginal groups for recognition of their status as authentic Aborigines provides a kind of prism or lens through which we can take a fresh view of the competing claims to authorship of India's filmic heritage.
Stuff the Professional Managerial Class Likes: "Distinction" for an Egalitarian Elite
Authors: Rosenblatt Daniel
Published: May 2013

Despite what its name might suggest, the satirical website "Stuff White People Like" is an insightful commentary on the values and tastes of liberal members of the American "professional-managerial class." Besides calling attention to the "racing" of class, the site presents a portrait of these people that allows us to read the way structurally inherent anxieties around class reproduction and a historically conditioned quest for authenticity and individuality are sedimented in their everyday behavior and consciousness. The popularity of the site in 2008 reflected public interest in the intersection of race, class, and culture in the context of Barak Obama's presidential campaign.
Entrepreneurship in a Pickle: Innovation and Arbitrage in the Sea Cucumber Trade
Authors: Reichman Daniel
Published: May 2013

Through an ethnographic analysis of an obscure commodity-the Maine sea cucumber-I explore entrepreneurship as a practice, rather than a set of attitudes. The sea cucumber trade creates a transnational network that reaches from rural Honduran villages, to Maine, to Asia. Many participants in this network might be called "entrepreneurs." I address two key questions: What do entrepreneurs do? And, how is entrepreneurship different from other forms of capitalist activity? I locate the source of entrepreneurial agency at the systemic level, challenging the hagiographic view of the individual entrepreneur as a dynamic source of economic growth.
Emberá Indigenous Tourism and the Trap of Authenticity: Beyond Inauthenticity and Invention
Authors: Theodossopoulos Dimitrios
Published: May 2013

Prompted by tourist commentary that describes an Emberá community in Panama as "inauthentic" or "invented," I examine the limitations of these concepts when used to refer to cultural practices of indigenous communities. To escape from a limiting, singular vision of authenticity, I argue, attention should be paid to the multiple and overlapping meanings of the authentic as these are negotiated in particular contexts. In the case of Emberá indigenous tourism, the tourists' search for an authenticity uncorrupted by modernity inspires indigenous articulations of the authentic related to diverse sets of cultural practices not only in the past, but also in the present. Acknowledging this complexity can set us free from the trap of a singularly conceived authenticity.
On Pastness: A Reconsideration of Materiality in Archaeological Object Authenticity
Authors: Holtorf Cornelius
Published: May 2013

This article argues for a modified constructivist approach to archaeological object authenticity which takes the object's materiality seriously. This is accomplished by defining authenticity not in relation to the age of an object but to its age-value, i.e., the quality or condition of being (of the) past-its pastness. Pastness is the result of a particular perception or experience. It derives from, among others, material clues indicating wear and tear, decay, and disintegration. These material clues, and thus the presence of pastness, can be created entirely in the present.
"These Rude Implements": Competing Claims for Authenticity in the Eolithic Controversy
Authors: Ellen Roy
Published: May 2013

The acceptance of eoliths as man-made is surprising, given that Victorian science had first dismissed the idea with respect to hand axes. I argue that scientific innovation involves an imaginative impulse that leads easily to over-optimistic interpretation, and that the eoliths were "invented" because they satisfied a requirement of a particular way of thinking. Once arguments in their favor had been accepted, the default "mindset" became one of disproving claims for human fabrication. The debate was conducted at a time when the rules of Pleistocene geology and archaeological interpretation were being established, and it determined the limit of what was scientifically credible.
Living the "Real" Dream in la France profonde ?: Lifestyle Migration, Social Distinction, and the Authenticities of Everyday Life
Authors: Benson Michaela
Published: May 2013

For the British residents of rural France, the desire for authentic (rural) living underscored the decision to migrate, while through residence they gain more nuanced understandings of authenticity. This article explores the purpose and meaning that these authenticities have for such lifestyle migrants. As the ethnography in this article demonstrates, claims to the authentic are equally claims to distinctiveness, and should thus be read within the context of the continual processes of social distinction in which these migrants engage.
Laying Claim to Authenticity: Five Anthropological Dilemmas
Authors: Theodossopoulos Dimitrios
Published: May 2013

The introduction to this special collection examines five dilemmas about the use of the concept of authenticity in anthropological analysis. These relate to 1) the expectation of a singular authenticity "deep" in oneself or beyond the surface of social reality, 2) the contradictions emerging from the opposition of authenticity with inauthenticity, 3) the irony of the notion of invention of tradition (which deconstructs, but also offends), 4) the criteria involved in the authentication of the age of objects (with a consideration of their materiality), and 5) authenticity's simultaneity, its contemporaneous multiple conceptualizations in context. I argue for a perspective on the study of authenticity that acknowledges the simultaneous co-existence of more than one parallel manifestation of authenticity in any given negotiation of the authentic.
The Dual Aspects Theory of Truth
Authors: Jarvis Benjamin
Published: May 2013

Consider the following ‘principles’:

(Norm of Belief Schema) Necessarily, a belief of
 is correct (relative to some scenario) if and only ifp(at that scenario) — where ‘p’ has the aforementioned content
.

(Generalized Norm of Belief) Necessarily, for all propositions
, a belief ofp> is correct (relative to some scenario) if and only if
 is true (at that scenario).

Both ‘principles’ appear to capture the aim(s) of belief. (NBS) particularizes the aims to beliefs of distinct content-types. (GNB) generalizes these aims of beliefs as truth. Properly understood, the instances of (NBS) appear to be at least approximately true as does (GNB). Of course, one might harbor concerns about whether these are mere appearances or whether these ‘principles’ are properly formulated. Putting such concerns aside, one might naturally wonder how these two ‘principles’ (or their proper reformulations) are fundamentally related. More specifically, are the instances of (NBS) explanatorily basic if they are true?
Exemplification and Argument
Authors: Goddu G.C.
Published: May 2013

‘Grass is red’ is the only premise and is obviously false, so (X) should convince you that there are arguments with merely obviously false premises. On the face of it, there is nothing irrational about being so convinced by (X). But then (X) is a rationally persuasive argument with merely obviously false premises.

A cheap trick you say? Not so, say I — a trick yes, but, I shall argue, far from cheap. In ‘ ‘P, Therefore, P’ Without Circularity,’ Roy Sorensen uses numerous examples like these to suggest, among other things, that there is a missing parameter to argument evaluation, viz. exemplification. I shall argue, however, that understanding these sorts of cases in the way that motivates Sorensen to recommend adding the extra parameter has extremely unpalatable consequences. I shall propose an alternative account that avoids these consequences.
Creation and Authority: The Natural Law Foundations of Locke’s Account of Parental Authority
Authors: Franklin-Hall Andrew
Published: May 2013

John Locke occupies a central place in the contemporary philosophical literature on parental authority, and his child-centered approach has inspired a number of recognizably Lockean theories of parenthood. But unlike the best historically informed scholarship on other aspects of Locke's thought, those interested in his account of parental rights have not yet tried to understand its connection to debates of the period or to Locke's broader theory of natural law. In particular, Locke's relation to the seventeenth-century conversation about the role of generation in grounding ‘paternal power’ is not well-known. Understanding this background is interesting in itself, but more importantly, it can provide us with a deeper appreciation of what Locke is actually saying, as well as a useful vantage-point for surveying current debates about parental rights.
What can we Learn from Buridan's Ass?
Authors: Weintraub Ruth
Published: May 2013

The mythical hungry ass, facing two identical bundles of hay equidistant from him, has engendered two related questions. Can he choose one of the bundles, there seemingly being nothing to incline him one way or the other? If he can, the second puzzle — pertaining to rational choice — arises. It seems the ass cannotrationallychoose one of the bundles, because there is no sufficient reason for any choice.

In what follows, I will argue that choice is possible even when there is no option which is better than the others (section II), and that it is perfectly reasonable to choose an option even when there is no sufficient reason for it (section III). I will then (section IV) point to another puzzling feature of the ass's tale, a seeming difference between it and its theoretical analogue, and consider some suggestions as to how the asymmetry is to be explained (section V).