bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racial Disparities in HIV Antiretroviral Medication Management are Mediated by Health Literacy
Authors: Waldrop-Valverde Drenna , Murden Raphiel Jamale , Guo Ying , Holstad Marcia , Ownby Raymond L.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Despite the availability of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in the United States, only 30% of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) in the US are virally suppressed. Nonadherence to ARVs remains the strongest correlate of viral suppression. African Americans (AA) living with HIV/AIDS remain disproportionately affected by this disease, and studies report a greater proportion of infections and deaths among this group.

Objective:

Earlier studies by this team and others have shown that health literacy (HL) may negatively influence disparities in health behaviors, including management of ARV prescriptions, between AA and non-AA PLWH. This current study expands these findings and tests whether HL may explain disparities in medication management among AA and non-AA PLWH and includes important covariates and measures of participants' actual medication regimens.

Methods:

PLWH were recruited from HIV care clinics in the greater metropolitan area of Atlanta, GA, and completed a face-to-face study visit. A total of 699 PLWH, 65% of whom were AA, completed this study visit. Assessment of knowledge and management of participants' actual medication regimens showed highly skewed responses, demonstrating accurate verbal descriptions of ARV prescription instructions. A measure of problem-solving (how to manage a mock ARV regimen) showed significantly different performance by race and that HL measures (both reading comprehension and numeracy) mediated this relationship.

Key Results:

Findings suggest that although PLWH may be able to verbally explain how they are supposed to take their ARV medication, challenges may arise with management issues (eg, determining need for a refill, counting pills to determine if a dose was missed) and that PLWH with low HL (who are disproportionately AA) may be at greater risk for mistakes. Other characteristics, such as cognitive impairment, were also shown to influence medication management.

Conclusion:

Attention to PLWH's potential for mismanagement of ARV and other medications is important to identify for educational interventions.

[
Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2018;2(4):e205–e213.]

Plain Language Summary:

This study tested if problems with taking medicine to treat HIV may be caused by poor reading and math skills. Even though most people were able to correctly say how they should take their HIV pills, knowing if they had missed a pill or counting out a week's number of pills was harder for those with lower reading and math skills.
Ethnic Differences in Health Literacy Among Young Adults in Amsterdam
Authors: Blom Iris M. , Cohen Eva S. , Eshuis Lola V. , Woudstra Anke J. , Snijder Marieke B. , Kunst Anton E. , Fransen Mirjam P.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Ethnic differences in health commence early in life. Ethnic minority young adults have a greater prevalence of unhealthier lifestyles and poorer health outcomes than their peers. Variations in health literacy could contribute to these ethnic inequalities in health but have not yet been investigated in this group.

Objective:

This study investigated ethnic differences in performance-based and self-reported health literacy in young adults and examined whether these differences are explained by educational level, language difficulties, or cultural distance.

Methods:

Young adults (age 18–25 years) from Dutch, African Surinamese, South-Asian Surinamese, Ghanaian, Turkish, and Moroccan ethnic backgrounds (
N
= 2,215) participated in the HELIUS (HEalthy Life in an Urban Setting) study, a cohort study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Performance-based health literacy was measured by the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine in Dutch (REALM-D). Self-reported health literacy was measured by the Chew's Set of Brief Screening Questions (SBSQ). The association between ethnicity and health literacy, and the role of background characteristics was assessed by linear regression analyses.

Key Results:

Performance-based health literacy was low (REALM-D <60; range, 0–66) among 17% of the participants. After adjustment for educational level, average levels of REALM-D were lower among participants from a Ghanaian, Turkish, and Moroccan background than those from a Dutch background, whereas the two Surinamese groups did not differ from the Dutch group. Additional adjustment for language difficulties and cultural distance did not explain the differences between the five ethnic minority groups. Self-reported health literacy was low (SBSQ <3; range, 0–4) among 3% of the participants. There were no differences in levels of SBSQ between the ethnic minority groups and the Dutch group.

Conclusions:

We found ethnic differences in performance-based health literacy, which largely remained after adjustment for educational level. Further research is needed to gain insight into how young adults from different ethnic groups appraise and apply health information in various contexts.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2018;2(4):e192–e204.]

Plain Language Summary:

We investigated ethnic differences in health literacy among young adults (age 18–25 years) living in the Netherlands. Compared to the Dutch group, some ethnic minority groups scored lower on performance-based health literacy, independent of educational level. Self-reported health literacy did not differ between Dutch and ethnic minority groups.
Dissertation titles in EFL and UK-based contexts: How much do they differ?
Authors: Slougui Doudja
Published: November 2018

Formuler un bon titre pour un mémoire universitaire est à la fois un acte important et difficile à accomplir pour de nombreux étudiants, en particulier pour ceux dont la langue maternelle n’est pas l’anglais. Cette difficulté résulte du fait que l’écriture des titres est soumise à des règles strictes qui régissent leur emploi dans un texte. Les normes et les conventions du discours universitaire changent d’une spécialité à l’autre, et varient d’un type de document à l’autre. L’objectif de ce travail est de comparer les titres dans les travaux de recherche de Master des étudiants, préparant un diplôme d’enseignement de la langue anglaise dans des universités britanniques et dans des universités algériennes. Le but est d’identifier les caractéristiques qui distinguent les titres dans chaque contexte. Le corpus est composé de 176 titres. Quatre éléments sont analysés: longueur, type, structure et composants du titre. Les résultats montrent qu’à l’exception du la structure syntactique qui reste identique, tous les autres éléments divergent. Les conclusions de cette étude contribuent à élargir la recherche dans le domaine, et à sensibiliser les étudiants en matière de conception et de présentation des titres dans leurs travaux de recherche.
Simulation of Ice-Structure Interactions Using a Coupled SPH-DEM Method
Authors: Mintu Shafiul , Molyneux David
Published: November 2018

Ice-structure interaction (ISI) is a complex process, which requires a thorough understanding of the underlying physics to ensure safe operations in the ice-covered regions. Application of discrete element method (DEM) to compute ice loads on structures is a widely accepted approach, where the equations of rigid body motions are solved for all ice pieces in the computational domain. In most ISI simulations, the ice zone is assumed to be resting on a static water foundation omitting the hydrodynamic effects (added mass, water drag, wave damping) of the interacting bodies. This assumption can introduce erroneous results to simulations of the floating ice floes behavior, which in turn will incur uncertainties in planning ice management activities.

In this paper, a smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is coupled with a three-dimensional DEM model to take the hydrodynamic effects of the interacting bodies including the ice pieces into account. The ice zone is modeled as discrete elements, which allows computing interaction forces by considering contact laws. The water foundation is modeled using smooth particles, which are modelled with the Naiver-Stokes equations.

Several applications of ship and offshore structures interacting with level ice and pack ice are simulated. A scenario of an offshore supply vessel operating in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) that is subject to wave forces is also simulated to show how this approach can be used for modelling complex real-world problems. This scenario is unique in a sense that it yields a multi-physics solution, where ice-structure-wave are all included in a single CFD simulation as a fully coupled analysis. The cost of the simulation is significantly reduced by running the computations on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) instead of a typical CPU workstation. Some of the initial results of ice-structure interactions are presented in this paper and a reasonable agreement with reduced scale model test results are found.
"Betekenis" en "Gebruik" in die Makarismereeks (Matt 5:3-10)
Authors: Van Aarde A.G.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Genitiefsteologieë
Authors: Van der Westhuizen H.G.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Ekumenisme
Authors: Van der Westhuizen H.G.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
'n Kritiese vergelyking tussen die Christologiese modelle van H Ott ("Die antwort des Glaubens") en L Berkhof ("Systematic Theology")
Authors: Naude J.P.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Boekbespreking
Authors: Beukes M.J. Du P. , Booysen D.J. , Dreyers P.S. , Dreyer T.F.J. , Loader J.A. , Pont A.D. , S. D.J. , Van der Westhuizen H.G.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Die Perikope in Johannes 8:21-30
Authors: Du Plessis C.H.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Die kritiek op die fundamentalisme: 'n vorm van teologiese liberalisme?*
Authors: Van Aarde A.G.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Kerk en struktuur
Authors: Pont A.D.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
'n Ondersoek na die Nuwe-Testamentiese makarisme en makarismereeks as Gattung
Authors: Van Aarde A.G.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Boekbespreking
Authors: Smith D.J. , Dreyer P.S. , Pont A.D. , Dreyer T.F.J. , Pelser G.M.M. , Brown E. , V. G.C. , Dreyer T.F.J. , Barnard A.C. , Steenkamp J.J. , Wethmar C.J. , Van der Walt B.J. , Krüger J.C.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Editorial theory and the range of translations for ‘cedars of Lebanon’ in the Septuagint
Authors: Miller-Naudé Cynthia L. , Naudé Jacobus A.
Published: November 2018

Although the Hebrew source text term אֶרֶז [cedar] is translated in the majority of cases as κέδρος [cedar] or its adjective κέδρινος in the Septuagint, there are cases where the following translations and strategies are used: (1) κυπάρισσος [cypress] or the related adjective κυπαρίσσινος, (2) ξύλον [wood, tree] and (3) non-translation and deletion of the source text item. This article focuses on these range of translations. Using a complexity theoretical approach in the context of editorial theory (the new science of exploring texts in their manuscript contexts), this article seeks to provide explanations for the various translation choices (other than κέδρος and κέδρινος). It further aims to determine which cultural values of the translators have influenced those choices and how they shape the metaphorical and symbolic meaning of plants as determined by Biblical Plant Hermeneutics, which has placed the taxonomy of flora on a strong ethnological and ethnobotanical basis.
‘Eerlijk zullen we alles delen…’
Authors: van Dusseldorp Michael , Corbey Michael
Published: November 2018

Binnen de medisch specialistische bedrijven (MSB’s) in de Nederlandse ziekenhuizen wordt voor de winstverdeling sinds 2015 op grote schaal gebruik gemaakt van een winstverdelingssysteem dat is geënt op benchmarking en dat is ontwikkeld door het adviesbureau LOGEX. Het winstverdelingssysteem wordt dan ook het LOGEX Prestatiemodel genoemd. Dit artikel onderzoekt de vraag hoe dit prestatiemodel door de praktijk wordt gewaardeerd en of verbeteringen mogelijk zijn. De inrichting, de voor- en nadelen, knelpunten, en de ontwikkelingsmogelijkheden zijn onderzocht door middel van een zelf ontwikkelde en gevalideerde online-vragenlijst. Deze vragenlijst is uitgezet onder alle financieel managers van de MSB’s in de topklinische ziekenhuizen (STZ-ziekenhuizen) in Nederland. Hoewel in de inrichting van het Prestatiemodel en de winstverdeling binnen MSB’s verschillende keuzes zijn gemaakt, en ook diverse knelpunten worden gesignaleerd, is het eindoordeel over het LOGEX Prestatiemodel unaniem positief. Ontwikkelingsmogelijkheden zijn er op het gebied van productiebegroting, kwaliteitsmeting, wegingsproblemen, disutility, en kostenverdeling.
Forcing mechanisms of the terdiurnal tide
Authors: Lilienthal Friederike , Jacobi Christoph , Geißler Christoph
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Using a nonlinear mechanistic global circulation model we analyze the
migrating terdiurnal tide in the middle atmosphere with respect to its
possible forcing mechanisms, i.e., the absorption of solar radiation in the
water vapor and ozone band, nonlinear tidal interactions, and gravity
wave–tide interactions. In comparison to the forcing mechanisms of diurnal
and semidiurnal tides, these terdiurnal forcings are less well understood and
there are contradictory opinions about their respective relevance. In our
simulations we remove the wave number 3 pattern for each forcing individually
and analyze the remaining tidal wind and temperature fields. We find that the
direct solar forcing is dominant and explains most of the migrating
terdiurnal tide's amplitude. Nonlinear interactions due to other tides or
gravity waves are most important during local winter. Further analyses show
that the nonlinear forcings are locally counteracting the solar forcing due
to destructive interferences. Therefore, tidal amplitudes can become even
larger for simulations with removed nonlinear forcings.
Description of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN)
station at the Izaña Observatory (2009–2017): measurements and
quality control/assurance procedures
Authors: García Rosa Delia , Cuevas Emilio , Ramos Ramón , Cachorro Victoria Eugenia , Redondas Alberto , Moreno-Ruiz José A.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) was implemented by the World Climate Research Programme (WRCP) starting observations with 9 stations in 1992, under the auspices of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Currently, 59 BSRN stations submit their data to the WRCP. One of these stations is the Izaña station (Station: IZA, #61) that enrolled in this network in 2009. This is a high-mountain station located in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain; at 28.3° N, 16.5° W, 2373 m a.s.l.) and is a representative site of the subtropical North Atlantic free troposphere. It contributes with basic-BSRN radiation measurements, such as, global shortwave radiation (SWD), direct radiation (DIR), diffuse radiation (DIF) and longwave downward radiation (LWD) and extended-BSRN measurements, including ultraviolet ranges (UV-A and UV-B), shortwave upward radiation (SWU) and longwave upward radiation (LWU) and other ancillary measurements, such as vertical profiles of temperature, humidity and wind obtained from radiosonde (WMO, station #60018) and total column ozone from Brewer spectrophotometer. The IZA measurements present high quality standards since more than 98 % of the data are within the limits recommended by the BSRN. There is an excellent agreement in the comparison between SWD, DIR and DIF (instantaneous and daily) measurements with simulations obtained with the LibRadtran radiative transfer model. The root mean square error (RMSE) for SWD is 2.28 % for instantaneous values and 1.58 % for daily values, while the RMSE for DIR is 2.00 % for instantaneous values and 2.07 % for daily values. IZA is a unique station that provides very accurate solar radiation data in very contrasting scenarios: most of the time under pristine sky conditions, and periodically under the effects of the Saharan Air Layer characterized by a high content of mineral dust. A detailed description of the BSRN program at IZA, including quality control and quality assurance activities, is given in this work.
Hess Opinions: Socio-economic and ecological trade-offs of flood
management – benefits of a transdisciplinary approach
Authors: Auerswald Karl , Moyle Peter , Seibert Simon Paul , Geist Juergen
Published: November 2018

Abstract. In light of climate change and growing numbers of people inhabiting riverine floodplains, worldwide demand for flood protection is increasing, typically through engineering approaches such as more and bigger levees. However, the well-documented “levee effect” of increased floodplain use following levee construction or enhancement often results in increased problems, especially when levees fail or are compromised by big flood events. Herein, we argue that there are also unintended socio-economic and ecological consequences of traditional engineering solutions that need to be better considered, communicated and weighed against alternative solutions. Socio-economic consequences include reduced aesthetic and recreational values as well as increased downstream flooding risk and reduced ecosystem services. Ecological consequences include hydraulic decoupling, loss of biodiversity and increased risk of contamination during flooding. In addition, beyond river losses of connectivity and natural riparian vegetation created by levees, changes in groundwater levels and increased greenhouse gas emissions are likely. Because flood protection requires huge financial investments and results in major and persistent changes to the landscape, more balanced decisions that involve all stakeholders and policy makers should be made in the future. This requires a transdisciplinary approach that considers alternative solutions such as green infrastructure and places emphasis on integrated flood management rather than on reliance on technical protection measures.
VULNERABILITY MAPPING AND ANALYSIS: AN IMPLEMENTATION IN GEOHAZARD AREAS IN SABAH
Authors: Mohamad Z. , Ramli Z. , Abd Rahman M. Z. , Mohd Salleh M. R. , Ismail Z. , Abdul Khanan M. F.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Vulnerability identifies the element-at-risk as well as the evaluation of their relationships with the hazard. The relationships relate the landslide potential damages over a specific element-at-risk. Vulnerability can be defined as the degree of loss to a given element-at-risk or set of elements at risk resulting from the occurrence of a natural phenomenon of a given magnitude and expressed on a scale from 0 (no damage) to 1 (total damage). In this study, the landslide vulnerability mapping and analysis were made on two element-at-risks namely buildings and roads. Based on field observations, building and road construction materials have been classified into 22 and 5 construction materials respectively. The field visits were made on specific areas based on candidate buildings and roads as chosen during the landslide exposure analysis and mapping. The vulnerability values for these element-at-risks were expressed using expert opinion. Four experts have been interviewed with separate sessions. The experts were also supplied with local information on the landslides occurrences and photos of element-at-risk in Kundasang and Kota Kinabalu. The vulnerability matrices were combined based on the weighted average approach, in which higher weight was assigned to panel with local expert (landslides and damage assessment), wide experience in landslide vulnerability analysis, hazard and risk mapping. Finally, the vulnerability maps were produced for Kundasang and Kota Kinabalu with spatial resolution of 25 cm. These maps were used for the next step i.e. landslide risk mapping and analysis.
EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING FOR LANDSLIDE MONITORING
Authors: Mat Zam P. M. , Fuad N. A. , Yusoff A. R. , Majid Z.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Nowadays, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technology is gaining popularity in monitoring and predicting the movement of landslide due to the capability of high-speed data capture without requiring a direct contact with the monitored surface. It offers very high density of point cloud data in high resolution and also can be an effective tool in detecting the surface movement of the landslide area. The aim of this research is to determine the optimal level of scanning resolution for landslide monitoring using TLS. The Topcon Geodetic Laser Scanner (GLS) 2000 was used in this research to obtain the three dimensional (3D) point cloud data of the landslide area. Four types of resolution were used during scanning operation which were consist of very high, high, medium and low resolutions. After done with the data collection, the point clouds datasets were undergone the process of registration and filtering using ScanMaster software. After that, the registered point clouds datasets were analyzed using CloudCompare software. Based on the results obtained, the accuracy of TLS point cloud data between picking point manually and computed automatically by ScanMaster software shows the maximum Root Mean Square (RMS) value of coordinate differences were 0.013 m in very high resolution, 0.017 m in high resolution, 0.031 m in medium resolution and 0.052 m in low resolution respectively. Meanwhile, the accuracy of TLS point cloud data between picking point manually and total station data using intersection method shows the maximum RMS values of coordinate differences were 0.013 m in very high resolution, 0.018 m in high resolution, 0.033 m in medium resolution and 0.054 m in low resolution respectively. Hence, it can be concluded that the high or very high resolution is needed for landslide monitoring using Topcon GLS-2000 which can provide more accurate data in slope result, while the low and medium resolutions is not suitable for landslide monitoring due to the accuracy of TLS point cloud data that will decreased when the resolution value is increased.
High-spatial resolution probability maps of drought duration and magnitude across Spain
Authors: Domínguez-Castro Fernando , Vicente-Serrano Sergio M. , Tomás-Burguera Miquel , Peña-Gallardo Marina , Beguería Santiago , El Kenawy Ahmed , Luna Yolanda , Morata Ana
Published: November 2018

Abstract. We mapped – for the first time – the probability of occurrence of drought over Spain, with the overriding aim of improving current drought assessment, management and mitigation measures and strategies across the region. We employed two well-established drought indices: the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Drought characteristics (i.e. duration and severity) were characterised at 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month, implying that drought event is attained only when the index values are lower than zero. We applied the extreme value theory to map drought hazard probability. Following this procedure, we tested different thresholds to generate the peak-over-threshold drought severity and magnitude series, besides evaluating different three-parametric distributions and thresholds to fit these series. Our results demonstrate that the Generalized Pareto distribution performs well in estimating the frequencies of drought magnitude and duration, with good agreement between the observed and modelled data when using upper percentiles to generate the peak-over-threshold series. Spatially, our estimations suggest a higher probability of extreme drought events in southern and central areas of Spain, compared to northern and eastern regions. Nevertheless, there are strong differences in drought probability estimations between drought indices (i.e. SPI and SPEI), as well as among drought timescales.
Heat, salt, and volume transports in the eastern Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean from 2 years of mooring observations
Authors: Pnyushkov Andrey V. , Polyakov Igor V. , Rember Robert , Ivanov Vladimir V. , Alkire Matthew B. , Ashik Igor M. , Baumann Till M. , Alekseev Genrikh V. , Sundfjord Arild
Published: November 2018

Abstract. This study discusses along-slope volume, heat, and salt transports derived
from observations collected in 2013–2015 using a cross-slope array of six
moorings ranging from 250 to 3900 m in the eastern Eurasian Basin (EB) of
the Arctic Ocean. These observations demonstrate that in the upper 780 m
layer, the along-slope boundary current advected, on average, 5.1±0.1 Sv
of water, predominantly in the eastward (shallow-to-right) direction.
Monthly net volume transports across the Laptev Sea slope vary widely, from
∼0.3±0.8 in April 2014 to ∼9.9±0.8 Sv in June 2014;
3.1±0.1 Sv (or 60 %) of the net transport
was associated with warm and salty intermediate-depth Atlantic Water (AW).
Calculated heat transport for 2013–2015 (relative to −1.8 ∘C) was
46.0±1.7 TW, and net salt transport (relative to zero salinity) was
172±6 Mkg s−1. Estimates for AW heat and salt transports were
32.7±1.3 TW (71 % of net heat transport) and 112±4 Mkg s−1
(65 % of net salt transport). The variability of currents explains
∼90 % of the variability in the heat and salt transports.
The remaining ∼10 % is controlled by temperature and
salinity anomalies together with the temporal variability of the AW layer
thickness. The annual mean volume transports decreased by 25 % from
5.8±0.2 Sv in 2013–2014 to 4.4±0.2 Sv in 2014–2015, suggesting
that changes in the transports at interannual and longer timescales in the
eastern EB may be significant.
Do sun spots influence the onset of ENSO and PDO events in the Pacific Ocean?
Authors: Ormaza-González Franklin Isaac , Espinoza-Celi María Esther
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The sea surface temperature (SST), anomalies (SST), ONI (Oceanographic El Niño Index) and MEI (Multivariate ENSO Index) in regions El Niño 1 + 2 (80° W–90° W, 0°–10° S) and 3.4 (5° N–5° S, 170° W–120° W) as well as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) indexes were correlated to sun spots number (SS) from cycles (SS#) 19 to 24 (1954–2017). Degree-six polynomial regression functions represented each of the six cycles with an average r2 > 0.89 (p
Enhancing and expanding WSTLUR’s leadership and agenda: The urgent need for integrated interdisciplinary research, policy and practice
Authors: Giles-Corti Billie
Published: November 2018

By 2050, it is estimated that around 6.3 billion people will live in cities (United Nations Population Fund, 2011). Indeed, nearly 70% of humanity will live in cities, representing a unique moment in time in human history. As we hurtle towards this uncertain future, land use, transport, and infrastructure decision-making has never been more important: in the next two decades—and on our watch—the decisions made by the students and professionals taught, advised, and mentored by academics across multiple disciplines—including land use and transport academics—will profoundly impact the sustainability of cities and the health and wellbeing of their residents.
Lash, Hall, Maffesoli: as forças ativas do desejo e a comunicação
Authors: Barros Eduardo Portanova , Santos Fonseca Antônio César
Published: November 2018

RESUMO: Este artigo analisa a crítica de Scott Lash ao esquecimento, segundo ele, de abordagens genealógicas em relação a dois autores: Deleuze e Nietzsche. Para Lash, são teóricos marginalizados e que ele, Lash, procura inserir nesse debate. Para complementar essa abordagem, nós acreditamos na pertinência de uma abordagem fenomenológica (o que se dá a ver) de um imaginário cotidiano, e na reflexão de Hall em torno do sujeito sociológico. Acrescentamos nós: comunicativo. Concluímos, mas deixando o caminho em aberto, que Lash, Hall, Maffesoli têm em comum a visão de que estamos em plena sociedade pós-moderna e complexa como palavra-problema e não como palavra-solução, para o melhor ou o pior.
Cadeias sem fio. A crise do sujeito e “ordo amoris” na cultura digital
Authors: Susca Vincenzo
Published: November 2018

Consideramos, neste artigo, que a partilha nesse meio efêmero que são as redes sociais estabelece um vínculo afetivo entre os membros da tribo, da própria rede ou da comunidade no geral. E que essa união carrega, como uma de suas características, uma intensa carga emocional. A relação, a partir desse momento, não se origina mais do com-partilhamento de princípios só abstratos ou só das instâncias racionais, mas é delineada por meio de uma comunhão de destino que são os múltiplos fragmentos superficiais. Assim, estabelece-se uma relação virtuosa de consequências na qual a reversibilidade entre natureza e cultura é atuante, nessa dialética complexa entre órgãos biológicos e instrumentos tecnológicos.
DIAGNÓSTICO SOBRE A SATISFAÇÃO DOS USUÁRIOS DE TECNOLOGIAS DE INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO (TIC) NA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE JATAÍ
Authors: Vilela-Boaventura Ana Paula Freitas , Freitas-Vilela Ana Amélia
Published: November 2018

Introdução: As Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) são recursos didáticos constituídos por diferentes mídias e tecnologias, síncronas e assíncronas. Atualmente o uso das TIC’s em todos os setores da sociedade, particularmente na educação formal e informal são essenciais. Objetivo: Investigar a percepção dos usuários da TIC dentro da instituição, sobre a qualidade dos equipamentos e a relação satisfatória sobre a demanda. Métodos: Este trabalho compõe uma série de estudos vinculados ao Grupo de Trabalho de Ensino, que visa identificar os desafios e oportunidades no que tange o ensino para a emancipação da Universidade Federal de Jataí (UFJ). Trata-se de um estudo descritivo sobre o uso das TIC no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Foram enviados à comunidade acadêmica interna e externa um formulário sobre o uso das TIC na prática acadêmica. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que há uma estreita relação entre a estrutura física e às TIC, impactando negativamente na satisfação dos participantes. Dentre os recursos e/ou equipamentos mais solicitados estavam o Datashow, internet de boa qualidade e salas equipadas com central de multimídia. Conclusão: Foi possível observar uma estreita relação entre a estrutura física e às TIC, impactando negativamente na satisfação dos participantes. A adesão da comunidade acadêmica foi muito baixa, mas mesmo com um número baixo de usuários foi possível fazer um diagnóstico da situação atual da UFJ.
What's in Your File Folder? Part 3: Differentiation and Integration in Logic (and Illogic)
Authors: Bissell Roger E.
Published: November 2018

In this third installment of his series on key, underappreciated ideas in Ayn Rand's epistemology, the author discusses the nature of differentiation and integration as the functional essence of consciousness and applies that insight to various cognitive and noncognitive processes of awareness, with a special emphasis on logic and illogic. He offers an extended analysis of the fallacies of “Frozen Abstraction” and “False Alternative,” as well as critiques of a long-standing Objectivist conflation of falsity and contradiction and a relatively more recent Objectivist error, the fallacy of “genuine awareness.”
Are the Recent Restatements of Financial Institutions 10K’s due to the Perceived Earning Volatility Caused by SFAS 161?
Authors: Drakopoulou Veliota
Published: November 2018

The goal of this research was to investigate the controversy surrounding the inability of SFAS 133 an amendment of SFAS 161 to portray the economics of hedging. This research examined whether or not BHCs’ design of hedge effectiveness tests was determined by the concern of the additional earnings volatility possibly evolved from economic hedges that do not qualify for hedge accounting. The results implicate that most BHCs after the amendment of SFAS 161 reassessed their risk management approach to one that is more accounting responsive to ensure that most hedges are highly effective to qualify for hedge accounting. The findings suggest that BHCs reciprocate between risk management and earnings volatility when face a trade-off between employ economic hedges which increase earnings volatility and discontinue economic hedges to avoid increases in earnings volatility. The results accede with the results of Park (2004), Singh (2008), Zhang (2008), Hariom (2014), Bratten (2016), Spencer (2018), and Thomas (2018) who found that derivative users had lower levels of earnings volatility after the introduction of SFAS 161.
A longa temporalidade do estado racialista e o impasse da república democrática no Brasil
Authors: Guimarães Juarez , Drumond André
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo analisa as linguagens com que se estabelece e se legitima um Estado racialista no Brasil. Para tanto, aborda a emergência da tradição liberal oligárquica de fins de século XIX, demonstrando como suas ideias contribuíram para a despolitização da questão racial, assim como para a interdição do princípio da soberania popular no contexto da Abolição e do fim do Império. Em seguida, o texto se concentra em analisar como o pensamento brasileiro do século XX, na diversidade e força de seus principais intérpretes, não foi capaz de estabilizar uma crítica politizante e central do Estado racialista. Pretende-se, nesse sentido, sugerir uma abordagem republicana e democrática que articule a questão racial enquanto orgânica à formação da democracia no Brasil.
Redes sociais e capital social entre indivíduos em situação de vulnerabilidade social: reflexões teórico-analíticas
Authors: Cezar Gadea Marcia Silva
Published: November 2018

As situações de segregação e vulnerabilidade social na atualidade requerem um olhar sobre as redes de relações entre indivíduos e sobre capital social que transcenda- enfoques economicistas ou ligados às políticas públicas para a análise da redução de desigualdades no acesso a bens materiais e simbólicos. Nesse sentido, a proposta aqui é contribuir para uma discussão teórica sobre redes sociais e capital social, e assim considerar em que medida estas discussões são importantes para a análise de indivíduos que estabelecem relações sociais particulares no meio urbano. Entende-se que a análise de redes de sociabilidade e o concomitante capital social construído permitem compreender as características das maneiras como indivíduos atuam para poder inibir ou desligar-se de situações cotidianas adversas, do ponto de vista econômico como também sociocultural. A importância dos grupos imediatos de sociabilidade, dos formais e dos informais, bem como dos grupos secundários, deve ser reavaliado à luz de estas perspectivas teóricas, introduzindo metodologias específicas sobre redes sociais e reconsiderando o sentido que o capital social pode adquirir entre indivíduos em situação de vulnerabilidade social.
Resenha de "Brasil: uma biografia não autorizada" de Francisco de Oliveira
Authors: Brito Leonardo Octavio Belinelli de , Marino Rafael
Published: November 2018

Trata-se de uma resenha de OLIVEIRA, Francisco (2018). Brasil: uma biografia não autorizada. São Paulo, Boitempo.
Hvordan læres gudstjeneste? Gudstjenestelæring i konfirmanttiden. Pedagogiske forutsetninger og tilnærminger
Authors: Meyer Karlo
Published: November 2018

In a German study combining quantitative and qualitative approaches, the experience of confirmands at the age of 13 to 14 was examined with regard to church services. With special focus on influential variables concerning learning and motivating for church services, it was possible to specify and even correct current opinions on the basis of the collected data. For instance, parental commitment to the church plays a relatively less significant role in comparison to the effect of children’s services. Another result was that the intrinsic motivation is not only affected by the contents of a service as conceptually defined and important for the youngsters, but in particular by experiencing the atmosphere during the service as well as experiencing security in the social setting. Based on these tangible results, practically oriented conclusions can be drawn concerning youngsters and church services.Keywords: pedagogics of confirmation time • empirical research • worship servicesNøkkelord: pedagogikk i konfirmantundervisningen • empirisk forskning • tilbedelse
The Power of Proficiency Testing: Unraveling Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Interference, With Potential Impact on Clinical Testing of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3
Authors: Ida Cristiane M. , Lundquist Patrick A. , Weck Karen , Highsmith W. Edward
Published: November 2018

Context.—

The College of American Pathologists proficiency testing program has been instrumental in identifying problems in clinical testing.

Objective.—

To describe how this program was used to identify a single-nucleotide polymorphism that affects clinical testing for spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.

Design.—

A proficiency testing sample with discordant results for spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 analysis was further evaluated by targeted Sanger sequencing and genotype polymerase chain reaction using multiple DNA polymerases.

Results.—

Of 28 laboratories responding in the spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 Proficiency Survey, 18 reported an incorrect homozygous result and 10 reported the expected heterozygous result. A heterozygous single-nucleotide polymorphism complementary to the 3′ end of a published forward primer was identified in the proficiency testing sample, which may have led to allele dropout. However, this primer was used by only 3 of 18 laboratories (16%) reporting a homozygous result. A new forward primer of identical sequence, except for the 3′ end being complementary to the single-nucleotide polymorphism, showed the expected heterozygous pattern. The possibility of DNA polymerase 3′-5′ exonuclease activity contributing to allele dropout was investigated by testing 9 additional polymerases with and without exonuclease activity. No clear pattern emerged, but enzymes with and without 3′-5′ exonuclease activity yielded both homozygous and expected heterozygous results with the published forward primer.

Conclusions.—

Proactive systematic primer sequence checking is recommended because single-nucleotide polymorphism interference may result in allele dropout and impact clinical testing. Allele dropout is also influenced by other factors, including DNA polymerase exonuclease activity.
Pediatric Antiviral Stewardship: Defining the Potential Role of Ribavirin in Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Lower Respiratory Illness
Authors: Hoover Jessica , Eades Shannan , Lam Weng Man
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVES Although no longer included in the American Academy of Pediatrics guideline, ribavirin was shown to be beneficial in a subset of adult patients with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)–associated bronchiolitis. This study aimed to investigate risk factors for progression to severe acute respiratory tract infections in hospitalized pediatric patients with RSV-associated bronchiolitis to identify which patients may benefit from inhaled ribavirin therapy, despite its substantial cost, diffcult administration, and potential complications.

METHODS Patients were identified by ICD-9 codes for RSV bronchiolitis and were only included if they had a confirmed positive result for RSV via polymerase chain reaction for detection and typing of respiratory viruses. Patient characteristics, including underlying conditions and comorbidities, were analyzed for the risk of severe acute respiratory tract infection.

RESULTS A total of 299 patients were included in the study population. Ninety-six patients (32%) were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, and almost half of those patients (46%) required mechanical ventilation. Weight and presence of atrial septal defect were the only factors significantly associated with the need for mechanical ventilation, as identified by univariate analysis. Two patients required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and a total of 5 patients, including one who received ECMO, died with RSV infection as the primary cause. Of these patients, all were less than 1 year of age. Two had a history of prematurity; however, no variables were associated with mortality.

CONCLUSIONS Given the side effect profile and expense of ribavirin therapy, it is prudent to limit use to patients at risk for significant morbidity and mortality from RSV disease. Because we were unable to identify patients who would most likely benefit from ribavirin antiviral therapy, we cannot recommend the routine use of ribavirin to prevent mechanical ventilation, ECMO, or death from RSV bronchiolitis in our institution.
Reconceptualizing the Roles of Researchers and Teachers to Bring Research Closer to Teaching
Authors: Cai Jinfa , Morris Anne , Hohensee Charles , Hwang Stephen , Robison Victoria , Hiebert James
Published: November 2018

In this editorial, we elaborate our vision of the changing roles of researchers and teachers in a future world in which research has a much more direct and meaningful impact on practice (Cai et al., 2017). In previous editorials, we have described characteristics of this future world, including setting research agendas based on instructional problems teachers want to solve (Cai et al., 2017a), developing authentic partnerships between researchers and teachers and connecting multiple partnerships to solve common problems (Cai et al., 2017a, 2018a, 2018b), using new technologies to collect and analyze data on the relationships between students' instructional and learning histories that would enable teachers to plan more effective lessons (Cai et al., 2018a, 2018b), taking advantage of connected partnerships and new data-gathering technologies to build a knowledge base accessible to all teachers facing similar instructional problems (Cai et al., 2018a, 2018b, 2018d), and creating new incentives to appropriately reward researchers and teachers for improving the learning opportunities for all students across classrooms within their school district or state (Cai et al., 2017a). We have alluded to the changing roles this vision would require, including researchers developing hypothetical learning trajectories for concepts that are implicated in teachers' instructional problems (Cai et al., 2017b) and teachers accepting professional responsibilities for contributing to knowledge that improves instruction in all classrooms in their district or state rather than just in their own classroom (Cai et al., 2017a). In this editorial, we create a more complete picture of the new professional roles of researchers and teachers in this future world that intertwines research and practice.
Effects of Three Interventions on Children's Spatial Structuring and Coordination of Area Units
Authors: Cullen Amanda L. , Eames Cheryl L. , Cullen Craig J. , Barrett Jeffrey E. , Sarama Julie , Clements Douglas H. , Van Dine Douglas W.
Published: November 2018

We examine the effects of 3 interventions designed to support Grades 2–5 children's growth in measuring rectangular regions in different ways. We employed the microgenetic method to observe and describe conceptual transitions and investigate how they may have been prompted by the interventions. We compared the interventions with respect to children's learning and then examined patterns in observable behaviors before and after transitions to more sophisticated levels of thinking according to a learning trajectory for area measurement. Our findings indicate that creating a complete record of the structure of the 2-dimensional array—by drawing organized rows and columns of equal-sized unit squares—best supported children in conceptualizing how units were built, organized, and coordinated, leading to improved performance.
La fabrique des restes
Authors: Homola Stéphanie
Published: November 2018

Les arts mantiques chinois sont fondés sur le postulat d’une dynamique cosmique cyclique dont la régularité rendrait les évènements futurs prédictibles. Cependant, du fait de la multiplicité des paramètres qui entrent en jeu dans cette dynamique, son déchiffrement est particulièrement complexe et nécessite des techniques élaborées de « calcul » du destin. Ce travail se concentre, en particulier, sur des opérations de décompte visant à produire des restes dans plusieurs pratiques divinatoires spécialisées et communes observées aujourd’hui dans le monde chinois. Ce processus opératoire est mis en relation avec des procédures divinatoires similaires dans d’autres contextes culturels ainsi qu’avec d’autres activités telles que le jeu. Cet article interroge la tension entre la complexité des techniques divinatoires (qui visent à inclure le maximum de paramètres pour rendre compte d’une situation de la manière la plus juste possible) et la nécessaire simplicité que requiert l’application de ces techniques dans des contextes d’action et de prise de décision. Il met ainsi en évidence à quel point les artefacts divinatoires et les schèmes de pensée qui leur sont associés fonctionnent comme des outils de déchiffrement et d’orientation en réduisant l’insondable diversité du cosmos à une échelle appréhendable par l’esprit humain.
L’« à-venir » au regard de l’« en-cours »
Authors: Simon Lionel
Published: November 2018

Les Wayùu de Colombie accordent au rêve des vertus prédictives. Ils estiment ce faisant qu’il est possible d’adopter un point de vue éclairé sur des évènements n’étant pas encore advenus. Je propose d’analyser les ressorts de tels présupposés, au regard des conceptions qui gravitent autour de l’expérience onirique. Cet article montre ainsi que loin de reposer sur une version déjà écrite de l’histoire, la plausibilité d’un regard projectif renvoie plus fondamentalement à des conceptions du rêve et des évènements tels qu’ils sont précipités par des esprits ou des entités intentionnelles. En cela, l’interprétation des rêves ne fait qu’actualiser un engagement symptomatique dans le monde.
« Ce virus est potentiellement pandémique »
Authors: Keck Frédéric
Published: November 2018

Cet article interroge la capacité des experts de la grippe aviaire à prédire des pandémies de grippe à partir des mutations virales qu’ils observent chez les oiseaux. Plutôt qu’au vocabulaire du mythe ou de la prophétie, il recourt à l’anthropologie de la divination, dans la suite des analyses de Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, pour comprendre comment les mutations des virus chez les oiseaux sont perçues comme des signes des maladies catastrophiques qui peuvent affecter les humains. L’anticipation des pandémies ne repose pas sur un calcul des probabilités, comme dans la gestion des risques pour les questions de santé publique, mais sur l’imagination d’un événement catastrophique à partir de signaux d’alerte précoces. Dans le langage de l’immunologie, les sentinelles sont les outils qui permettent de percevoir ces signaux d’alerte avant que l’organisme ne réagisse de manière catastrophique. La préparation aux pandémies de grippe constitue un imaginaire moral permettant de donner sens aux signaux sur les pathogènes franchissant les barrières d’espèces, en-deçà du geste sacrificiel de l’abattage préventif.
Divination et contact avec les esprits au Japon
Authors: Bernier Bernard
Published: November 2018

La divination connaît une hausse de sa popularité au Japon. Que ce soit les formes liées aux religions et doctrines plus anciennes, comme le shintô, le bouddhisme ou le daoïsme, comme acheter des papiers sur lesquels on lit son avenir dans les temples et sanctuaires, ou parler aux esprits, ou lire l’avenir dans les lignes de la main ou des bâtonnets de bambou, ou bien dans des formes plus récentes, comme l’astrologie occidentale, et plus ludiques, comme la divination à l’aide d’animaux, que ce soit dans la rue, dans des foires ou dans des centres d’achat, à la télévision ou sur Internet, la divination gagne en popularité. Ce sont surtout des femmes qui pratiquent la divination et les jeunes femmes qui en sont les plus importantes consommatrices.