bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating The Chemical Diversity of Herg Inhibitors Using Cheminformatics and Machine Learning
Authors: El Ouasti Noureddine , Aouidate Adnane , Ousaa Abdellah , Faris Abdelmoujoud , Ghaleb Adib , Aarjane Mohammed , Belmouden Moustapha
Published: January 2025

hERG channels regulate the heart’s action potential by controlling potassium ion flow during repolarization. This study analyzed 6362 molecules as potential hERG inhibitors using cheminformatics and machine learning, based on the hypothesis that molecular properties influence inhibition potency. We analyzed a dataset of 6362 molecules using cheminformatics and machine learning techniques to study properties such as hydrogen bond acceptors (nHA), topological polar surface area (TPSA), molecular weight (MW) and [Formula: see text]Log[Formula: see text]. Principal component analysis (PCA) and scaffold visualization were used to explore the molecular diversity and identify structural motifs. We developed 14 classification structure-activity relationship (CSAR) models with the Scikit-learn package, each validated through ten rounds of cross-validation. The Random Forest model’s performance was evaluated based on its accuracy across training, cross-validation and test sets. Potent hERG inhibitors typically had fewer nHAs and lower TPSA, with no consistent trend in MW. They also had slightly higher [Formula: see text]Log[Formula: see text] values. PCA indicated an overlap between the potent and intermediate/inactive molecules, with less diversity in the potent group. The scaffold analysis identified five main cyclic skeleton systems (CSKs) among 144. The random forest model achieved accuracies of 0.987, 0.817 and 0.747 for the training, cross-validation, and test sets, respectively, effectively predicting hERG inhibition. The study found that specific molecular properties, lower nHA and TPSA, and higher cLogP are associated with potent hERG inhibitors. Identifying common structural motifs can aid in discovering new inhibitors, and the Random Forest model proved effective in classifying compounds based on their hERG inhibition activity.
Balancing Care Responsibilities with Remote Work
Authors: Kabir Kazi Sinthia , Cohoon Johanna , Lund John R. , Chen Jacqueline M. , Metz A.J. , Wiese Jason
Published: January 2025

The upsurge in remote and hybrid work practices has prompted researchers to explore the technological, organizational, and psychological dimensions of remote work. However, the nuanced dynamics of balancing familial duties, especially care work for older adults, and professional work is often overlooked in the literature. This balancing act introduces unique stressors, blurring work and personal life boundaries, potentially causing physical stress or prompting care providers to leave their jobs. The inherent nature of remote work executed within the familial sphere underscores the importance of understanding how care responsibilities impact the remote work experience. This study addresses this gap by focusing on informal care providers, an understudied population in the CSCW remote work literature. Through a diary study and interviews, we investigate challenges remote workers face and the role of technology in their work. Findings highlight the prevalence of care work, emphasizing the need for targeted technological interventions to support the well-being and productivity of remote workers managing care duties. Critical challenges include familial responsibilities on higher-stress days, lack of communication regarding availability, personal time sacrifices for productivity, coordination in place making among care providers, and multitasking on days with familial responsibilities or distractions. This exploratory study underscores the importance of assisting care providers in a way that embraces their (possible) role as remote workers, offering insights for future research and technological interventions to support remote workers navigating the complexities of care work.
DriveGroups: Using Group Perspective for Usable Data Sharing in Research Collaborations
Authors: Frazier James G. , Weinstein Emily K. , Izydorczak Iris , Wu Yifan , Cuadros Nazaret , Sur Dipashreya A. , Morrison-Smith Sarah
Published: January 2025

Sharing data with collaborators is a complicated task that is nonetheless fundamental to academic research. We present the results of two studies investigating data sharing within academic scientific collaborations, as well as a system called DriveGroups designed to facilitate data sharing. First, we observed and interviewed 38 academic researchers engaged in collaborative research about their data sharing practices. We found that these researchers struggle to manage access to data, especially when different types of collaborators (e.g., students, co-principal investigators) require different access settings. In response, we built DriveGroups, a Google add-on designed to alleviate participant challenges with access control, and compared its usability to unmodified Google Drive. DriveGroups allows users to manage file access from two separate perspectives: 1) the traditional file perspective and 2) a role-based group perspective, which simplifies the data sharing process. DriveGroups matched or outperformed unmodified Google Drive in terms of usability, access control, and transparency, and will help scientists advance high-impact academic research.
The Collaborative Practices and Motivations of Online Communities Dedicated to Voluntary Misinformation Response
Authors: Yoon Jina , Sathyanarayanan Shreya , Roesner Franziska , Zhang Amy X.
Published: January 2025

Responding to misinformation online can be an exhausting and thankless task. It takes time and energy to write effective content, puts users at risk of online harassment, and strains personal relationships. Despite these challenges, there are people who voluntarily respond to misinformation online, and some have established communities on platforms such as Reddit, Discord, and X (formerly Twitter) dedicated to these efforts. In this work, we interviewed 8 people who participate in such communities to understand the type of support they receive from each other in these discussion spaces. Interviewees described that their communities helped them sustain motivation, save time, and improve their communication skills. Common practices included sharing sources and citations, providing emotional support, giving others advice, and signaling positive feedback. We present our findings as three case studies and discuss opportunities for future work to support collaborative practices in online communities dedicated to misinformation response. Our work surfaces how resource sharing, social motivation, and decentralization can make misinformation correction more sustainable, rewarding, and effective for online citizens.
Towards Trustworthy AI-Empowered Real-Time Bidding for Online Advertisement Auctioning
Authors: Tang Xiaoli , Yu Han
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence-empowered Real-Time Bidding (AIRTB) is regarded as one of the most enabling technologies for online advertising. It has attracted significant research attention from diverse fields such as pattern recognition, game theory, and mechanism design. Despite its remarkable development and deployment, the AIRTB system can sometimes work against the interests of its participants (e.g., depleting the advertisers’ budget with various kinds of fraud). As such, building trustworthy AIRTB auctioning systems has emerged as an important direction of research in this field in recent years. Owing to the highly interdisciplinary nature of this field and a lack of a comprehensive survey, it is a challenge for researchers to enter this field and contribute towards building trustworthy AIRTB technologies. This article bridges this important gap in trustworthy AIRTB literature. We start by analyzing the key concerns of various AIRTB stakeholders and identify five main dimensions of trust building in AIRTB: robustness, explainability, fairness, auditability and accountability, and environmental well-being. For each of these dimensions, we propose a unique taxonomy of the state-of-the-art, trace the root causes of possible breakdown of trust, and discuss the necessity of the given dimension. This is followed by a comprehensive review of existing strategies for fulfilling the requirements of each trust dimension. In addition, we discuss the promising future directions of research essential towards building trustworthy AIRTB systems to benefit the field of online advertising.
A Comprehensive Review on Group Re-identification in Surveillance Videos
Authors: Nayak Kamakshya , Dogra Debi Prosad
Published: January 2025

Computer vision plays an important role in the automated analysis of human groups. The appearance of human groups has been studied for various reasons, including detection, identification, tracking, and re-identification. Person re-identification has been studied extensively over the past decade. Despite significant efforts by the computer vision research community, person re-identification often suffers from issues such as similar clothing appearances, occlusion, and viewpoint changes. However, group re-identification has not received much attention. It involves identifying human groups across multiple non-overlapping camera views. It is a challenging problem that suffers from issues related to person re-identification and additional challenges like variations in the number of persons and the structural layout of groups. This article summarizes the research paradigms of human group analysis. It reviews the recent advancements in group re-identification, including key challenges, datasets, and state-of-the-art methods. The work concludes with a discussion of open research challenges and future directions in group re-identification, including the need for reliable techniques, varied datasets, and ethical considerations regarding privacy. Overall, this article offers a thorough and up-to-date summary of the most recent findings in group re-identification. It also identifies the research gaps as placeholders for further study.
Competing Bandits: The Perils of Exploration Under Competition
Authors: Aridor Guy , Mansour Yishay , Slivkins Aleksandrs , Wu Steven
Published: January 2025

Most online platforms learn from interactions with users and engage in
exploration
: making potentially suboptimal choices to acquire new information. We study the interplay between
exploration
and
competition
: how such platforms balance the exploration for learning and competition for users.

We consider a stylized duopoly in which two firms face the same multi-armed bandit problem. Users arrive one by one and choose between the two firms, so that each firm makes progress on its bandit problem only if it is chosen. We study whether competition incentivizes the adoption of better algorithms. We find that stark competition disincentivizes exploration, leading to low welfare. However, weaker competition incentivizes better exploration algorithms and increases welfare. We investigate two channels for weakening the competition: stochastic user choice models and a first-mover advantage. Our findings speak to the competition–innovation relationship and the first-mover advantage in the digital economy.
Domain-Separated Bottleneck Attention Fusion Framework for Multimodal Emotion Recognition
Authors: He Peng , Yu Jun , Ge Chengjie , Yu Ye , Xu Wei , Wang Lei , Liu Tianyu , Kan Zhen
Published: January 2025

As a focal point of research in various fields, human body language understanding has long been a subject of intense interest. Within this realm, the exploration of emotion recognition through the analysis of facial expressions, voice patterns, and physiological signals, holds significant practical value. Compared with unimodal approaches, multimodal emotion recognition models leverage complementary information from vision, acoustic, and language modalities to robust perceive the human sentiment attitudes. However, the heterogeneity among modality signals leads to significant domain shifts, posing challenges for achieving balanced fusion. In this paper, we propose a Domain-separated Bottleneck Attention fusion framework (DBA Framework) for human multimodal emotion recognition with lower computational complexity. Specifically, we partition each modality into two distinct domains: the invariant/private domain. The invariant domain contains crucial shared information, while the private domain aims to capture modality-specific representations. For the decomposed features, we introduce two sets of bottleneck cross-attention modules to effectively utilize the complementarity between domains to reduce redundant information. In each module, we interweave two Fusion Adapter blocks into the Self-Attention Transformer backbone. Each Fusion Adapter block integrates a small group of latent tokens as bridges for inter-modal and inter-domain interactions, mitigating the adverse effects of modality distribution differences and lowering computational costs. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches across three widely used benchmark datasets.
Multi-Grained Contrastive Learning for Text-Supervised Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Liu Yajie , Ge Pu , Wang Guodong , Liu Qingjie , Huang Di
Published: January 2025

Learning open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) from text supervision has recently received increasing attention for its promising potential in real-world applications. However, only with image-level supervision, it struggles to achieve dense and robust cross-modal alignment and thus limits pixel-level predictions. In this article, we present a novel approach to this task with
M
ulti-
G
rained
C
ross-modal
C
ontrastive
L
earning, named MGCCL. Specifically, unlike current solutions restricted by coarse image/object-text alignment, MGCCL constructs pseudo multi-granular semantic correspondences at the object-, part-, and pixel-level and collaborates with hard sampling strategies to conduct cross-modal contrastive learning, significantly facilitating fine-grained alignment. Further, we develop an adaptive semantic unit which flexibly harnesses the learned multi-grained cross-modal alignment capabilities to effectively mitigate the under- and over-segmentation issues arising from the per-group and per-pixel units. Extensive experiments over a broad suite of eight segmentation benchmarks show that our approach delivers significant advancements over state-of-the-art counterparts, demonstrating its effectiveness.
A Maximum Likelihood Estimator for Quartets under the Cavender-Farris-Neyman Model
Authors: Hill Max , Rodriguez Jose Israel
Published: January 2025

We present the Julia package
FourLeafMLE.jl
, which solves a global optimization problem to perform statistical inference using DNA sequence alignment data for quartets under the Cavender-Farris-Neyman phylogenetic model.
Abstracts of Recent Doctoral Dissertations in Computer Algebra
Authors: del Río Tereso
Published: January 2025

Each quarter we are pleased to present abstracts of recent doctoral dissertations in Computer Algebra and Symbolic Computation. We encourage all recent Ph.D. graduates who have defended in the past two years (and their supervisors), to submit their abstracts for publication in CCA.

Please send abstracts to the CCA editors  for consideration.
Metabolomic and transcriptomic remodeling of bone marrow myeloid cells in response to maternal obesity
Authors: Alharithi Yem J. , Phillips Elysse A. , Wilson Tim D. , Couvillion Sneha P. , Nicora Carrie D. , Darakjian Priscila , Rakshe Shauna , Fei Suzanne S. , Counts Brittany R. , Metz Thomas O. , Searles Robert P. , Kumar Sushil , Maloyan Alina
Published: January 2025

Our data revealed significant immunometabolic perturbations in the bone marrow and myeloid cells in the newly weaned offspring born to mothers with obesity. Adaptation to an adverse maternal intrauterine environment affects bone marrow metabolism at a very young age and might affect responses to immune challenges that appear later in life, for example, infections or cancer.
High variability in the reproducibility of key hemodynamic responses to head-up tilt
Authors: Bouquin Heidi , Suojanen Lauri J. , Koskela Jenni K. , Pietilä Essi , Choudhary Manoj Kumar , Mustonen Jukka T. , Pörsti Ilkka H.
Published: January 2025

We examined the reproducibility of hemodynamic responses to three passive head-up tilts. The associated changes in stroke volume, cardiac output, and heart rate were highly reproducible. Systemic vascular resistance showed moderate reproducibility, whereas blood pressure changes during upright posture were modestly reproducible. If an exaggerated blood pressure response to upright posture is a cardiovascular risk factor, it is likely attributed to other hemodynamic variables that exhibit more reproducible posture-related changes.
A Rare Case of Linear Phlebolith: Foreign Body Discovered in the Femoral Vein
Authors: Alanezi Tariq , Altoijry Abdulmajeed , Iqbal Kaisor , Alabduljabbar Saeed , Aldossary Mohammed Yousef , AlSheikh Sultan
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Phlebolith is a term that refers to round‐shaped calcified thrombi commonly located in the pelvic region. The occurrence of dense, linear calcifications or phlebolith‐like formations within the soft tissues of the lower extremities, particularly in the superficial femoral, greater saphenous, or popliteal veins, is rare.

Patient Concerns: This study presents the case of a 73‐year‐old woman who was being evaluated for postmenopausal bleeding. During the patient’s diagnostic workup, an incidental linear‐shaped phlebolith was discovered. She had a positive history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) for 36 years following her previous vaginal delivery.

Diagnosis: Upon further examination and imaging, the patient was found to have a chronic calcified thrombus in the iliofemoral, popliteal, great saphenous, and superficial femoral veins, which was initially reported as a foreign body in the femoral vein on computed tomography (CT).

Interventions and Outcomes: Conservative management was undertaken, with no worsening of her condition upon further follow‐up.

Conclusion: This study showcased a rare form of a radiographically visible calcified thrombus in the veins of the lower extremities of our patient. Calcified venous thrombosis in the lower extremities is rare, as previously documented cases of venous calcifications have been observed in the pelvis with round shapes or as phleboliths. The common presentations differ from those in our case, making it important to consider such cases when formulating a differential diagnosis. While the precise mechanisms behind the formation of calcified thrombi remain unclear, this study emphasizes the significance of further exploration and future case studies to shed light on this enigmatic phenomenon.
Rape Myth Acceptance in the Digital Age: The Effects of Using Dating Apps and the Moderation Role of Gender
Authors: Li Luye
Published: January 2025

Rape myth acceptance (RMA) is a crucial predictor of rape proclivity. It has been extensively analyzed for its gender differences to aid in designing clinical interventions and health programs. Although it is well known that males generally exhibit higher levels of RMA than females, the impact of digital devices, the Internet, and dating apps on RMA and how this impact differs between genders remain understudied. This study addresses these gaps by examining a sample of 647 Chinese‐speaking college students in Canada. The findings indicate that the use of dating apps is positively associated with higher RMA; male students exhibited greater RMA levels than female students; and gender moderates the impact of dating app usage, with a more elevated effect on RMA observed in male students compared to female students. The study’s limitations are discussed, including the specificity of the sample (Chinese college students in Canada) and caution against generalizing to broader populations, along with the research and policy implications of the study.
Quality Assessment of Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management and Surgical Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Vásquez-Peralta Mario , Simancas-Racines Alison , Parise-Vasco Juan Marcos , Montesinos-Guevara Camila , Simancas-Racines Daniel
Published: January 2025

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are tools developed to support evidence‐based decision making in healthcare. However, despite the availability of CPGs for the surgical management of female stress urinary incontinence (FSUI), their methodological quality has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the methodological quality of published guidelines for the surgical management of FSUI using the AGREE II tool. A systematic search of CPGs published between 2017 and 2023 was performed in databases including MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, and Trip Medical Database. Data extraction and guideline selection were performed independently by two reviewers, as was the assessment using the AGREE II instrument. Of 1459 initial records, six guidelines met the eligibility criteria. The scores for each domain evaluated were as follows: scope and purpose (45.83%; SD: 22.69), stakeholder participation (30.56%; SD: 29.03), development (48.56%; SD: 30.42), presentation clarity (58.80%; SD: 22.25), applicability (24.04%; SD: 26.36), and editorial independence (44.87%; SD: 32.88). One of the six included CPGs was rated as high quality and recommended for clinical practice. Three CPGs with modifications were recommended because there were still areas that needed improvement to enhance their quality, and two CPGs were not recommended for clinical practice because the six domains evaluated scored below 60%. According to these findings, it is essential that new CPGs developed for the surgical management of FSUI adhere to greater methodological rigor to ensure that recommendations are based on the best available evidence. Furthermore, guidelines should take into account patient values and clinical expertise to improve and facilitate effective healthcare decision making.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Sourced Exosomes as Potentially Novel Remedies for Severe Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Randall Harrell Carl , Djonov Valentin , Volarevic Ana , Arsenijevic Aleksandar , Volarevic Vladislav
Published: January 2025

Severe dry eye disease (DED) is an inflammatory condition characterized by a lack of sufficient moisture or lubrication on the surface of the eye, significantly impacting the quality of life and visual function. Since detrimental immune response is crucially responsible for the development and aggravation of DED, therapeutic agents which modulate phenotype and function of eye‐infiltrated inflammatory immune cells could be used for the treatment of severe DED. Due to their potent immunomodulatory properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent potentially new remedies for the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases. The majority of MSC‐sourced bioactive factors are contained within MSC‐derived exosomes (MSC‐Exos), nano‐sized extracellular vesicles which, due to their nanosize dimension and lipid envelope, easily by pass all biological barriers in the body and deliver their cargo directly into the target immune cells. MSC‐Exos contain a variety of bioactive proteins (growth factors, immunoregulatory molecules, cytokines, and chemokines) lipids, and microRNAs (miRNAs) which affect viability, proliferation, phenotype, and function of eye‐infiltrated immune cells. Accordingly, MSC‐Exos may modulate the progression of inflammatory eye diseases, including DED. Therefore, in this review article, we summarized the current knowledge regarding molecular and cellular mechanisms which were responsible for trophic, anti‐inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and regenerative properties of MSC‐Exos in the treatment of severe DED. For this purpose, an extensive literature review was carried out in February 2024 across several databases (Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar), from 2000 to the present. Eligible studies delineated molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for the MSC‐Exos–based modulation of immune cell–driven eye inflammation in DED, and their findings were analyzed in this review. Results obtained in these studies demonstrated beneficial effects of MSC‐Exos in the treatment of severe DED, paving the way for their future clinical use in ophthalmology.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04213248, NCT06475027, NCT06543667, NCT05738629
Investigation of the Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Basic Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire in Preschool Children
Authors: Şahan Nilay , Atasavun Uysal Songül
Published: January 2025

Basic Activities of Daily Living‐Preschool Period Tool (BADL‐P) is a fast and quick test that does not require a special environment, where activities of daily living (ADLs) in preschool children are questioned. The aim of the study was to conduct a Turkish reliability and cultural adaptation of the BADL‐P. The study was conducted among 211 parents of preschool children. Validity was determined using exploratory factor analysis. To determine convergent validity, the Functional Independence Measure for Kids (WeeFIM) scale was used. Cronbach’s alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and item–total correlation (ITC) values were calculated to assess the reliability of the BADL‐P. Totally, 99 girls and 112 boys, aged 3–6 years, with the children’s mean age of 4.50 ± 0.75 years (3 years = 11%, 4 years = 32.1%, 5 years = 52.2%, and 6 years = 4.8%), were included. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the BADL‐P had sufficient fit. The BADL‐P was weakly to highly correlated with the WeeFIM (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001). Cronbach’s alpha and ICC values of the BADL‐P were acceptable (0.912 and 0.837, respectively). The ITC values of each item of the BADL‐P were also acceptable (ranged from 0.232 to 0.683). Children in the 5–6 age group demonstrated higher scores and exhibited more advanced development in the ADL areas compared to children in the 3–4 age group (p < 0.05). The Turkish version of the BADL‐P is valid, reliable, and sensitive to assessing and monitoring the performance of Turkish preschool children in ADL.
Use of Lung Volume Recruitment Technique in Patients With Chronic Respiratory Disease Among Brazilian Health Professionals
Authors: de Melo Robert , Alcantara Livia , Sarmet Max , Sheers Nicole L. , Berlowitz David J. , Maldaner Vinicius
Published: January 2025

Background: Lung volume recruitment (LVR) is a stacked‐breath assisted inflation technique in which consecutive insufflations are delivered, without exhaling in between, until the maximum tolerable inflation capacity is reached. Although LVR is recommended in some neuromuscular disease guidelines, there is little information detailing when and how allied health professionals (AHPs) prescribe LVR.

Objective: This study is aimed at describing the use of LVR in practice across Brazil.

Methods: A cross‐sectional e‐survey (Sep–Nov 2023) explored LVR practices among qualified clinical or home care AHPs in Brazil. It gathered participant data on geographical region, profession, and experience. It delved into LVR specifics: clinical population and indications for use, prescription (frequency, dosage, and interfaces), related side effects, outcomes assessed, and combined therapies. Results were presented descriptively.

Results: One hundred two surveys (74 physical therapists (PTs) and 28 speech and language pathologists (SLPs)) from diverse locations were collected. LVR was predominantly prescribed for adults (57%), with the most common diagnosis being amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (84%). Changes in peak cough flow and vital capacity were the most common reasons for LVR prescription. Maximal insufflation capacity was reportedly measured by 58% of PTs and 22% of SLPs. Chest wall soreness and discomfort were the most common side effects, and many respondents did not provide warnings about potential side effects (42% PTs and 50% SLPs). The study highlighted common use of other respiratory therapy devices alongside LVR.

Conclusion: LVR is available in routine clinical and home care settings in Brazil. There is a lack of standardization regarding indications, prescription, and outcome measures among PTs and SLPs in Brazil. Clear recommendations and guidelines are needed to standardize these parameters, enabling more objective data and facilitating comparisons between centers.
National Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Bluetongue Virus in Domestic Ruminants of Peru
Authors: Navarro-Mamani Dennis A. , Jurado Jessica , Vargas-Calla Ana , Ponce Kevin , Sherman Tyler , Zarate Yari , Murga-Moreno César A. , Perez Ibelice , Villacaqui Ruben , Ara Miguel , Ortiz Pedro , Rivera Hermelinda , Mayo Christie E.
Published: January 2025

Bluetongue (BT) is a viral infection caused by the bluetongue virus (BTV) that affects domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. It is primarily transmitted by Culicoides spp. midges, and its infection is highly prevalent across temperate and tropical regions. However, significant changes in the global distribution of BTV have been observed in recent years. We aimed to evaluate the national BTV seroprevalence and risk factors among domestic ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goat species) in Peru. Serum samples were collected from 3452 cattle of 453 districts, 2786 sheep of 408 districts, and 1568 goats of 271 districts using a cross‐sectional study in two stages (at the district and animal level) from 2017 to 2019 and analyzed by competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). The national BTV true seroprevalences at animal level for cattle, sheep, and goats were 20.34% (95% CI: 17.76–20.82), 7.63% (95% CI: 7.17–9.56), and 8.58% (95% CI: 7.52–10.85), while the true districts‐level seroprevalences were 31.53% (95% CI: 24.06–33.77), 24.41% (95% CI: 18.06–27.53), and 13.35% (95% CI: 8.59–17.98), respectively. In addition, we found that altitude and maximum temperature were identified as important factors influencing the seroprevalence of BTV in cattle, sheep, and goats. Higher altitudes above 3000 m above sea level (masl) played a protective role, reducing the BTV seroprevalence. In conclusion, antibodies against BTV were detected in Peruvian domestic ruminants without clinical signs. The seroprevalence was low in the South (<10.0%), varied in the Center and North, and high (>30%) in the East (Amazon rainforest). This study lays the groundwork for identifying BTV serotypes and Culicoides spp. in different regions, including altitudes above 3000 masl, to enhance BTV surveillance in Peru.
Table S1 from Fitness Screens Map State-Specific Glioblastoma Stem Cell Vulnerabilities
Authors: MacLeod Graham , Molaei Fatemeh , Haider Shahan , Almeida Maira P. , Lin Sichun , Kushida Michelle , Sureshkumar Haresh , Bhatti Jasmine K. , Lu Jack Q. , Schramek Daniel , Dirks Peter B. , Angers Stephane
Published: January 2025

Sequence of gRNAs used in this study
Table S6 from Fitness Screens Map State-Specific Glioblastoma Stem Cell Vulnerabilities
Authors: MacLeod Graham , Molaei Fatemeh , Haider Shahan , Almeida Maira P. , Lin Sichun , Kushida Michelle , Sureshkumar Haresh , Bhatti Jasmine K. , Lu Jack Q. , Schramek Daniel , Dirks Peter B. , Angers Stephane
Published: January 2025

Normalized Bayes Factor Scores for GSC and GBM cell line screens
Table S3 from Fitness Screens Map State-Specific Glioblastoma Stem Cell Vulnerabilities
Authors: MacLeod Graham , Molaei Fatemeh , Haider Shahan , Almeida Maira P. , Lin Sichun , Kushida Michelle , Sureshkumar Haresh , Bhatti Jasmine K. , Lu Jack Q. , Schramek Daniel , Dirks Peter B. , Angers Stephane
Published: January 2025

GBM5K Library Composition. Gene list and Source for inclusion in library (see "Key" tab)
Supplementary Table S9 from Integrating Multisector Molecular Characterization into Personalized Peptide Vaccine Design for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Johanns Tanner M. , Garfinkle Elizabeth A.R. , Miller Katherine E. , Livingstone Alexandra J. , Roberts Kaleigh F. , Rao Venkata Lakshmi P. , Dowling Joshua L. , Chicoine Michael R. , Dacey Ralph G. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Kim Albert H. , Mardis Elaine R. , Dunn Gavin P.
Published: January 2025

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) quantification of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells from tumor blocks
Supplementary Table S8 from Integrating Multisector Molecular Characterization into Personalized Peptide Vaccine Design for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Johanns Tanner M. , Garfinkle Elizabeth A.R. , Miller Katherine E. , Livingstone Alexandra J. , Roberts Kaleigh F. , Rao Venkata Lakshmi P. , Dowling Joshua L. , Chicoine Michael R. , Dacey Ralph G. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Kim Albert H. , Mardis Elaine R. , Dunn Gavin P.
Published: January 2025

CIBERSORTx relative percents of deconvoluted immunocytes
Supplementary Table S2 from Integrating Multisector Molecular Characterization into Personalized Peptide Vaccine Design for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Johanns Tanner M. , Garfinkle Elizabeth A.R. , Miller Katherine E. , Livingstone Alexandra J. , Roberts Kaleigh F. , Rao Venkata Lakshmi P. , Dowling Joshua L. , Chicoine Michael R. , Dacey Ralph G. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Kim Albert H. , Mardis Elaine R. , Dunn Gavin P.
Published: January 2025

Mutect2 called and validated variants for each subject and each tumor region from whole exome sequencing data
Supplementary Figure S9 from Integrating Multisector Molecular Characterization into Personalized Peptide Vaccine Design for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Johanns Tanner M. , Garfinkle Elizabeth A.R. , Miller Katherine E. , Livingstone Alexandra J. , Roberts Kaleigh F. , Rao Venkata Lakshmi P. , Dowling Joshua L. , Chicoine Michael R. , Dacey Ralph G. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Kim Albert H. , Mardis Elaine R. , Dunn Gavin P.
Published: January 2025

Bar graph displaying number of validated variants for each subject
Recurrent Myxoid Liposarcoma of the Upper Thoracic Spine: A Case Report
Authors: Lin Huaitai , Wang Xinjia , Yang Chanping , Yang Chenyu , Zhu Jinhao , Xu Zijian , Wang Weidong
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Liposarcoma, one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas, originates from primitive mesenchymal cells. However, spinal involvement of liposarcoma, whether primary or metastatic, is rare. According to literature reports, myxoid/round cell liposarcomas are the most common types affecting the spine. Spinal liposarcomas, whether primary or metastatic, have only been sporadically reported. Case Presentation: The author presents an unusual case of recurrent myxoid liposarcoma originating from the erector spinae muscle, infiltrating the upper thoracic spine in a 65-year-old female. The patient presented with a 1-week history of progressively worsening right chest and back pain. The treatment approach involved surgical intervention with wide tumor resection, spinal cord decompression, posterior instrumentation, and thoracoplasty, complemented by radiotherapy. Conclusion: The preferred treatment is en bloc resection with wide margins. Postoperative radiation therapy can serve as complementary treatment for piecemeal resection. A follow-up is necessary because of the potential for recurrence.
Semiótica e historiografia linguística: disciplinas contra-hegemônicas
Authors: Portela Jean Cristtus
Published: January 2025

Based on the concepts of linguistic historiography and the history of linguistic ideas, disciplines such as general semiotics can be considered counter-hegemonic insofar as they challenge the status quo of a determined state of science. This study critically reads how semioticians have addressed the history of semiotics of discourse. Starting from evidence that highlights the strength of the historiographical approach in semiotic studies, we analyze some historiographical perspectives in semiotics to outline the general framework of a semiotic-inspired meta-historiography.
Urgência e emergência no capitalismo comunicacional ou repensando a importância do reconhecimento
Authors: Prado José Luiz Aidar
Published: January 2025

In the world of neoliberal hyperactivity of communicational capitalism, network mediatization brings the semiotizing imperative of productivity that demands that social impact and attention be capitalized. Modernity has deficits and excesses. Habermas tried to address this crisis based on system/lifeworld dualism and universal pragmatics. Honneth criticized Habermas based on the theory of recognition. Recognition movements followed the capital/labor struggles, focusing on a political struggle based on constructing identities. Fraser proposes the tension between recognition and distribution. Safatle shows the deficit of negativity in Honneth’s criticism. The task nowadays involves rethinking recognition in conjunction with the event, so as not to naturalize cooperation, but thinking negativity to create new worlds, as in Safatle and Badiou.
Hypermethylation of
PM20D1
Is Associated With Carotid Bifurcation Intima‐Media Thickness in Dominican Republic Families
Authors: Dueker Nicole D. , Zhao Hongyu , Gardener Hannah , Kaur Sonya S. , Dong Chuanhui , Cabral Digna , Sacco Ralph L. , Blanton Susan H. , Rundek Tatjana , Wang Liyong
Published: January 2025

Background

Carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT) is a measure of atherosclerosis and a predictor of vascular diseases. Traditional vascular risk factors and genetic variants do not completely explain the variation in carotid IMT. We sought to identify epigenetic factors that may contribute to the remaining carotid IMT variability.

Methods and Results

An epigenome‐wide association study was performed in 61 Dominican families with 769 individuals. A cytosine nucleotide that precedes a guanine nucleotide methylation in blood‐derived DNA was measured using the Human MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Linear mixed model analyses were performed regressing bifurcation carotid IMT (bIMT) on beta values for cytosine nucleotide that precedes a guanine nucleotide sites, adjusting for covariates, followed by differentially methylated region (DMR) analysis. One‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to investigate causal associations between DMRs and bIMT. Twenty‐five DMRs were associated with bIMT (Sidak
P
<0.05), with the strongest DMR (Sidak
P
=2.45×10
−17
) overlapping with the promoter of
PM20D1
. All 11 cytosine nucleotides that precede a guanine nucleotide within the
PM20D1
DMR were positively associated with bIMT (
P
=0.0007–0.00006). Methylation of the
PM20D1
DMR was associated with
cis
variants, including rs823154 (β=0.26;
P
=1.1×10
−121
). As reported in GTEx (Genotype‐Tissue Expression project), rs823154 is an expression quantitative trait locus for
PM20D1
in multiple tissues, including the aorta (
P
=2.3×10
−60
) and blood (
P
=4.0×10
−73
), suggesting that hypermethylation of the
PM20D1
DMR directs lower expression of the gene. Mendelian randomization analysis supported a causal role for
PM20D1
DMR in bIMT (
P
=0.049).

Conclusions

Our study and previous expression quantitative trait locus studies provide converging evidence that reduced
PM20D1
expression via hypermethylation of the promoter is associated with increased atherosclerosis.
Salute the Classic: Revisiting Challenges of Machine Translation in
the Age of Large Language Models
Authors: Pang Jianhui , Ye Fanghua , Wong Derek Fai , Yu Dian , Shi Shuming , Tu Zhaopeng , Wang Longyue
Published: January 2025

The evolution of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has been significantly influenced by six core challenges (Koehn and Knowles, 2017) that have acted as benchmarks for progress in this field. This study revisits these challenges, offering insights into their ongoing relevance in the context of advanced Large Language Models (LLMs): domain mismatch, amount of parallel data, rare word prediction, translation of long sentences, attention model as word alignment, and sub-optimal beam search. Our empirical findings show that LLMs effectively reduce reliance on parallel data for major languages during pretraining and significantly improve translation of long sentences containing approximately 80 words, even translating documents up to 512 words. Despite these improvements, challenges in domain mismatch and rare word prediction persist. While NMT-specific challenges like word alignment and beam search may not apply to LLMs, we identify three new challenges in LLM-based translation: inference efficiency, translation of low-resource languages during pretraining, and human-aligned evaluation.
The Risks of Renting on the Margins: Housing Informality and State Legibility in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Decoteau Claire Laurier , Golio AJ , Garrett Cal Lee
Published: January 2025

Welfare programs place burdens on citizens to document their vulnerability through means-tested regulations in the United States, but theories of the welfare state do not necessarily account for mismatches between residents’ eligibility and their legibility to state infrastructure. Focusing on housing instability during the COVID-19 pandemic, we explain how Chicago residents who were eligible for emergency rental assistance programs (ERAPs) were unable to render their vulnerability and survival strategies legible to formal bureaucratic systems. This meant that despite the extensive federal funding allocated to state and municipal ERAPs during the pandemic, many people who were behind on rent did not even apply for support. Based on 76 in-depth interviews with low-income renters and 25 interviews with people working with these programs in Chicago, we document three mismatches between renters’ survival strategies and the requirements of formal bureaucratic systems of categorization. First, we illustrate how people who informally leased apartments in Chicago struggled to properly document their housing instability and the administrative burdens they faced in doing so. Second, because of acute housing precarity and fear of eviction, some renters prioritized their rent over other needs and then could not translate their vulnerability into ERAP eligibility. Third, we explain how undocumented Chicagoans often avoided ERAPs because of the perceived risks associated with becoming legible to the state. Being unable or unwilling to access aid created a cascade of other precarious conditions.
Dual-Gas Sensor Employing Wavelength-Stabilized Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy and H-Infinity Filtering Algorithm
Authors: Xu Dingli , Cai Qiannan , Zhang Gang , Ge Qiang , Xu Linguang
Published: January 2025

A compact dual-gas sensor based on the two near-infrared distributed feedback diode lasers and a multipass cell has been established for the simultaneous measurement of methane (CH4) and acetylene (C2H2). The time division multiplexing calibration-free direct absorption spectroscopy is used to eliminate the cross interference in the application of multicomponent gas sensors. A wavelength stabilization technique based on the proportion integration differentiation feedback control is developed to suppress laser wavelength drift and an H-infinity (H∞) filter algorithm to reduce the system noise. The results show that the detection sensitivity of CH4 and C2H2 reaches 39.9 parts per billion (ppb) and 47.3 ppb in the optimal integration time of 556 s and 312 s, respectively. In addition, the 31 consecutive hours measured results of CH4 in outdoor ambient air show that the proposed detection technology is very suitable for high-precision in-situ measurement of trace gases.
Resolving Vertical and Fiscal Imbalances in India: A Task for the Sixteenth Finance Commission
Authors: Srivastava D. K.
Published: January 2025

The Terms of Reference (ToR) of the Sixteenth Finance Commission (16th FC) have recently been announced. These ToR are based on the constitutional provisions relating to the sharing of central taxes and grants. Other clauses usually made part of the ToR of the earlier FCs have not been included. One such clause is usually related to the review of fiscal deficit and debt of the central and state governments. In this article, we argue that the subject of fiscal transfers is integrally linked to determining sustainable levels of fiscal deficit and debt and the 16th FC would need to review trends in receipts and expenditures of the two tiers of government as well as trends in fiscal deficit and debt. We observe that government finances in India have shown, in recent years, an increase in the centre’s fiscal deficit and debt relative to GDP together with a falling share of the centre’s revenue receipts in the combined revenue receipts post transfers. This has led to a significant fall in the centre’s primary expenditure relative to that of the states implying a loss of fiscal space for the centre. We show that this situation is unstable in the presence of competition for fiscal space between the central and state governments. In particular, a falling share of the centre in the combined revenue receipts post transfers would lead the central government to rely more and more on borrowing to preserve its comparative fiscal space. However, as the centre’s debt increases, its interest payments would increase and primary expenditures would fall, giving rise to further loss of fiscal space. We argue that the 16th FC should attempt to jointly resolve the issues of vertical and fiscal imbalances in the context of Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management targets, which may also need to be reconsidered.

JEL Codes: H63, H62, H7, H77
Weapons of the Weak: Technological Change, Guerrilla Firepower, and Counterinsurgency Outcomes
Authors: Pischedda Costantino , Gilli Mauro , Gilli Andrea
Published: January 2025

What explains counterinsurgency outcomes? Existing scholarship points to characteristics and strategies of incumbents and insurgents but neglects the role of insurgents’ weapons. Some studies discuss the effects of the firepower of insurgents relative to incumbents. Focusing on relative firepower, however, is problematic given the asymmetric nature of guerrilla warfare, with insurgents eschewing decisive engagements where incumbents would bring to bear their material superiority. We turn the spotlight, instead, on guerrilla firepower, i.e., insurgents’ absolute ability to inflict casualties on incumbents using small arms in hit-and-run attacks. We argue that technological innovations dating to the mid-19th century sowed the seeds for cumulative increases in lethality of insurgents' small arms – the standard tools of guerrilla warfare – over the following 150 years, enhancing tactical effectiveness of hit-and-run attacks and thus insurgents’ prospects of strategic success. Statistical analysis of novel data on guerrilla firepower in counterinsurgency campaigns from 1800 to 2005 corroborates our argument.
Public Manifestos: Brazilian Civil Society Alliances and Resistances in the Face of the Covid-19 Crisis
Authors: Pismel Adriana Cattai , Chaves Teixeira Ana Claudia
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes the public manifestos made among civil society during the first wave of Covid-19 in Brazil. Data collection took place between April and August 2020, and gathered a sample made up of documents in various formats, which were drawn up by a wide range of actors who voice very different ideas and themes. The data analysis allowed us to identify three important shifts: these actors reacted to the threats of the pandemic and de-democratization; they built frame bridges, which link various organizations and the traditional causes they fight for to the pandemic situation; and they articulated long-term agendas that point to a post-pandemic utopian future, which includes the construction of a new conception of democratic public solidarity that draws attention to the collective duty of public responsibility.