bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal location and reactive power injection of wind farms and SVC’s units using voltage indices and PSO
Authors: Cherkaoui Nazha , Belfqih Abdelaziz , El Mariami Faissal , Boukherouaa Jamal , Berdai Abdelmajid
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, the use of the wind energy has known an important increase because it is clean and cheap. However, many technical issues could occur due to the integration of wind power plants into power grids. As a result, many countries have published grid code requirements that new installed wind turbines have to satisfy in order to facilitate its intergration to electrical networks. Among those requirements, the wind farms must be able to participate to ancillary services for instance voltage regulation and reactive power control. Nevertheless, in case of small wind farms having not the necessary reactive power capability to contribute to reactive power support, Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices could also be used to participate to reactive power support. In this paper, an optimization method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is presented. This method allows getting the optimal location and reactive power injection of both wind power plants (WPP) and synchronous var compensators (SVC) with the objective to improve the voltage profile and to minimize the active power losses. The IEEE 14 bus system and a 20 MW wind farm based doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) are used to validate the proposed algorithm. The simulation results are analysed and compared.
Lithium-Ion batteries modeling and state of charge estimation using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Boujoudar Younes , Elmoussaoui Hassan , Lamhamdi Tijani
Published: June 2020

In This paper, we propose an effective and online technique for modeling nd State of Charge (SoC) estimation of Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) batteries using Feed Forward Neural Networks(FFNN) and Nonlinear Auto Regressive model with eXogenous input(NARX). The both Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are rained using the data collected from the batterycharging and discharging pro ess. The NARX network finds the needed battery model, where the input ariables are the battery terminal voltage, SoC at the previous sample, and the urrent, temperature at the present sample. The proposed method is imple mented on a Li-Ion battery cell to estimate online SoC. Simulation results show good estimation of the
SoC.
Optimization of electronic sensors for detecting pollution due to organic gases using PARAFAC
Authors: Mishra Shri Om , Saeed S Hasan
Published: June 2020

The principle point of this examination work is to recognize the butane, Acetone, Propane, ethane, LPG and other natural gases from the strong waste and do condition checking. Here the arrangement of sensors used to identify the poison gases from strong waste. Here our point is to build up a sensor cluster framework which will identify most extreme contamination gases and which is very responsive, minimal effort and low power devouring. We have assumed three sensors in position of six sensors and given the outcomes as fluctuation, score plot and stacking plot. Here we utilize the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) for identification of gases and contrast it and the key part investigation Principal component analysis (PCA). We confiscated three sensors in position of six sensors and given the outcomes as variance, score plot and loading plot. Electronic noses have given a plenty of advantages in different logical research fields. Here our point is to build up a sensor exhibit framework which will distinguish most extreme contamination gases and which is profoundly responsive, exact and minimal effort and low power expending. Here we utilize the parallel factor investigation method (PARAFAC) for discovery of gases and contrast it and the primary segment examination (PCA).
A simplified machine learning approach for recognizing human activity
Authors: Lateef Haroon P.S Abdul , Eranna U.
Published: June 2020

With the wide ranges of real-time event feed capturing devices, there has been significant progress in the area of digital image processing towards activity detection and recognition. Irrespective of the presence of various such devices, they are not adequate to meet dynamic monitoring demands of the visual surveillance system, and their features are highly limited towards complex human activity recognition system.  Review of existing system confirms that still there is a large scope of enhancement as they lack applicability to real-life events and also doesn't offer optimal system performance. Therefore, the proposed manuscript presents a model for activity recognition system where the accuracy of recognition operation and system performance are retained with good balance. The study presents a simplified feature extraction process from spatial and temporal traits of the event feeds that is further subjected to the machine learning mechanism for boosting recognition performance
Quality grading of soybean seeds using image analysis
Authors: Jitanan Sutasinee , Chimlek Pawat
Published: June 2020

Image processing and machine learning technique are modified to use the quality grading of soybean seeds. Due to quality grading is a very important process for the soybean industry and soybean farmers. There are still some critical problems that need to be overcome. Therefore, the key contributions of this paper are first, a method to eliminate shadow noise for segment soybean seeds of high quality. Second, a novel approach for color feature which robust for illumination changes to reduces problem of color difference. Third, an approach to discover a set of feature and to form classifier model to strengthen the discrimination power for soybean classification. This study used background subtraction to reduce shadow appearing in the captured image and proposed a method to extract color feature based on robustness for illumination changes which was H components in HSI model. We proposed classifier model using combination of the color histogram of H components in HSI model and GLCM statistics to represent the color and texture features to strengthen the discrimination power of soybean grading and to solve shape variance in each soybean seeds class. SVM classifiers are generated to identify normal seeds, purple seeds, green seeds, wrinkled seeds, and other seed types. We conducted experiments on a dataset composed of 1,320 soybean seeds and 6,600 seed images with varies in brightness levels. The experimental results achieved accuracies of 99.2%, 97.9%, 100%, 100%, 98.1%, and 100% for overall seeds, normal seeds, purple seeds, green seeds, wrinkled seeds, and other seeds, respectively
Obstacle avoidance and distance measurement for unmanned aerial vehicles using monocular vision
Authors: N Aswini , S V Uma
Published: June 2020

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles or commonly known as drones are better suited for "dull, dirty, or dangerous" missions than manned aircraft. The drone can be either remotely controlled or it can travel as per predefined path using complex automation algorithm built during its development. In general, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is the combination of Drone in the air and control system on the ground. Design of an UAV means integrating hardware, software, sensors, actuators, communication systems and payloads into a single unit for the application involved. To make it completely autonomous, the most challenging problem faced by UAVs is obstacle avoidance. In this paper, a novel method to detect frontal obstacles using monocular camera is proposed. Computer Vision algorithms like Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Speeded Up Robust Feature (SURF) are used to detect frontal obstacles and then distance of the obstacle from camera is calculated. To meet the defined objectives, designed system is tested with self-developed videos which are captured by DJI Phantom 4 pro.
Modeling and analysis of IEEE 1609.4 MAC in the presence of error-prone channels
Authors: Almohammedi Akram A. , Noordin Nor K. , Sali A. , Hashim Fazirulhisyam , Jabbar Waheb A. , Saeed Sabri
Published: June 2020

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) have been developed to improve the safety, comfort and efficiency of driving on the road. The IEEE 1609.4 is a standard intended to support multi-channel in VANETs. These channels include one control channel for safety applications and six service channels for service applications. However, there is still no comprehensive analysis for the average delay and system throughput of IEEE 1609.4 MAC in VANETs considering error-prone channel under non-saturated conditions. In this paper, we propose an analytical models based on 1-D and 2-D Markov chain to evaluate the performance analysis of IEEE 1609.4 MAC in the presence of error-prone channels. Besides, freezing of the back-off timer is taken into consideration to provide an accurate estimation of access to the channel. The simulation results have been carried out to validate the analytical results of our model. The results show that the performance of our model outperforms the existing model in terms of packet delivery ratio and average delay of safety packets over CCH, and system throughput of service packets over SCHs.
Proposed classification for eLearning data analytics with MOA
Authors: Jittawiriyanukoon Chanintorn
Published: June 2020

Elearning education has developed a crucial factor in the educational organization. With the situation of declining student size, elearning has to offer more cross-departmental and multi-disciplinary courses for individual needs to go over “one-size-fits-all” traditional model. Elearning data analytics which has not been professionally classified cannot produce reliable results. Classifications for elearning data help comfort the accuracy of outcomes and reducible pre-processing time. This research proposes a practical model for individual learning and personality. The proposed model based on data from the LMS classifies both the student preferences and personalities. The model helps design future curricula to suit student personalities, which intangibly assists them to be efficient in the study practice. Performance of the proposed classification is evaluated by using MOA software. It outperforms and improves the accuracy of complex elearning datasets. Besides, the results indicate an achievement in the students' study time after applying the association rule model on the elearning.
Performance evaluation of different classification techniques using different datasets
Authors: Özdemir Abdulkadir , Yavuz Uğur , Dael Fares Abdulhafidh
Published: June 2020

Nowadays data mining become one of the technologies that paly major effect on business intelligence. However, to be able to use the data mining outcome the user should go through many process such as classified data. Classification of data is processing data and organize them in specific categorize to be use in most effective and efficient use. In data mining one technique is not applicable to be applied to all the datasets. This paper showing the difference result of applying different techniques on the same data. This paper evaluates the performance of different classification techniques using different datasets. In this study four data classification techniques have chosen. They are as follow, BayesNet, NaiveBayes, Multilayer perceptron and J48. The selected data classification techniques performance tested under two parameters, the time taken to build the model of the dataset and the percentage of accuracy to classify the dataset in the correct classification. The experiments are carried out using Weka 3.8 software. The results in the paper demonstrate that the efficiency of Multilayer Perceptron classifier in overall the best accuracy performance to classify the instances, and NaiveBayes classifiers were the worst outcome of accuracy to classifying the instance for each dataset.
Outage probability analysis of EH relay-assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems over Block Rayleigh Fading Channel
Authors: Nguyen Tan N. , Tran Minh , Phan Van-Duc , Nguyen Hoang-Nam , Nguyen Thanh-Long
Published: June 2020

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been identified as a promising multiple access technique for the fifth generation (5G) mobile networks due to its superior spectral efficiency. In this paper, we propose and investigate a Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) of energy harvesting (EH) relay assisted system over Block Rayleigh Fading Channel. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed system, the integral expression of the outage probability is analyzed and derived. Numerical results confirm that our derived analytical results match well with the Monte Carlo simulations in connection with all possible system parameter.
Enhancing network lifetime with an improved MOD- LEACH
Authors: Kundaliya Brijesh , Hadia S.K.
Published: June 2020

Wireless sensor network will be the most dominating field in future era. There are certain issues which wireless sensor network suffers from. The main concern with wireless sensor network is limited energy which directly impact on network lifetime. In this paper we modify the cluster selection procedure of MODLEACH. MODLEACH protocol use threshold value for selecting cluster head. Once a cluster head is selected, it retains its position until it bypasses the threshold limit. In Basic LEACH, it does not use any threshold value but it randomly selects cluster head from the available nodes. We combine the probabilistic nature of LEACH to select the cluster head and threshold base selection of cluster head of MODLEACH. We also apply proposed modification in EAMMH protocol. Our main focus is on the enhancement of network lifetime, and we got significant improvement in network lifetime.
Microstrip multi-stopband filter based on tree fractal slotted resonator
Authors: Bhaskar Manju , Mathew Thomaskutty
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the design and development of a new microstrip multi-stopband filter based on tree fractal slotted resonator. A single square patch with tree fractal slots of different iterations are employed for realizing dual stopband and tri-stopband filters. The tree fractal slotted resonators are generated from conventional square patch using an iterative tree fractal generator method. First, second and third level iterations of the tree fractal slot resonator are used to design dual and tri-stopband filters respectively. The first level iteration introduced for the tree fractal slot realizes dual bands at 2.64 GHz and 3.61 GHz while the second level iteration provides better stopband rejection and insertion loss at 2.57 GHz and 3.56 GHz. The tri-stopband filter generates three resonance frequencies at 1.53 GHz, 2.53 GHz and 3.54 GHz at third level iteration. By varying the slot length and width of the tree fractal slot, the resonant frequencies can be adjusted and stopbands of the proposed filter can be tuned for the desired unwanted frequency to be rejected. The proposed narrowband filters finds application in removing the interference of GPS and Wi-Max narrowband signals from the allotted bands of other wireless communication systems
Priority Based Data Transmission for WBAN
Authors: Ventura Jay Manalastas , Fajardo Arnel , Medina Ruji
Published: June 2020

Wireless Body Area Sensor Network (WBASN) or Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a growing field in healthcare applications. It enables remote monitoring of patient’s physiological data through wireless communication. It is composed of sensor network which collects physiological data from the patient. There are several issues concerning WBAN such as security, power, routing protocol to address QoS metrics (reliability, end-to-end delay, and energy efficiency), etc. The focus of the study is the issue on different QoS metrics. There were several QoS aware routing protocol that has been proposed which implements multiple queues for different types of data. However, one issue on multiple queue system is starvation, end-to-end delay, and reliability. The study proposed an efficient priority queue based data transmission that improves the end-to-end delay, reliability, and queuing delay of QoS aware routing protocol.
Performance comparison between 802.11 and 802.11p for high speed vehicle in VANET
Authors: Alwan Mohammed Hasan , Ramli Khairun N. , Al-Jawher Yasir Amer , Sameen Aws Zuhair , Mahdi Hussain Falih
Published: June 2020

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) technology has been emerged as a critical research area. Being ad-hoc in nature, VANET is a type of networks that is created from the concept of establishing a network of cars for a specific need or situation. Communication via routing packets over the high-speed vehicles is a challenging task. Vehicles mobility, speed can vary depending on the road specification. However, on highway, the speed can be increase up to 120 – 200 Km/H. Moving at high speed can affect the efficiency of data delivery. In particular V2I traffic where moving car trying to deliver data to fixed space units which are designed to collect and process data from vehicles. Different protocols have been proposed to be implemented for VANET infrastructure, including 802.11 and 802.11p. In this paper, the performance of the most widely deployed MAC protocols for handling wireless communication which is 802.11 and the 802.11p have been compared, which is a customized version for high speed modes. Performance is investigated in term of data delivery evaluation metrics including network throughput, delay and packet delivery ration. Results show that 802.11p has efficiently enhanced the network performance where network throughput is increased, delay is decreased, and packet delivery ratio is increased as well.
The Channel Shortening comparison between OFDM & MC-CDMA System over an ADSL Channel using a Water-filling
Authors: Fatima Bouasria
Published: June 2020

In this paper our objective focuses on the development of digital transmission techniques in order to solve the problem of Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) due to multiple paths and the improvement of Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) system performance. The both algorithm: MERRY algorithm (Multicarrier Equalization by Restoration of Redundancy) called TEQ (Time domain EQualizer) and the power allocation method to allocate appropriate power to each user (Water-filling technique (WF)) [1] is used. Finally, the numerical results show that combining Water Filling with TEQ technique allows to reduce the ISI for MC-CDMA systems.
Data storage lock algorithm with cryptographic techniques
Authors: K L Anitha , Nair T.R. Gopalakrishnan
Published: June 2020

The cloud computing had its impact far and wide, and Enterprise solutions are getting migrated to different types of clouds. The services are delivered from the data centers which are located all over the world. As the data is roaming with less control in any data centers, data security issues in cloud are very challenging. Therefore we need multi-level authentication, data integrity, privacy and above all encryption to safeguard our data which is stored on to the cloud. The data and applications cannot be relocated to a virtual server without much degree of security concern as there can be much confidential data or mission-critical applications. In this paper, we propose Data Storage Lock Algorithm (DSLA) to store confidential data thereby provides secure data storage in cloud computing based on cryptographic standards.
transfiguração do dragão ou a sobrevida do regionalismo
Authors: Caixeta Maryllu de Oliveira
Published: June 2020

No conto de Tutaméia “Reminisção”, Romão demonstra amor incondicional por sua mulher. No final, ela transfigura-se abraçada ao marido que “morre”. O conto oferece uma alegoria parodística da função de Rosa, o autor que supera a sobredeterminação da literatura brasileira ao regionalismo e às cópias falsas de modas estrangeiras. O índice de Tutaméia assinala alguns contos que metaforizam o ponto de vista de João Guimarães Rosa sobre a ordem na qual participa e intervém. Parece-me que o conto “Reminisção” oferece o ponto de vista de Rosa a respeito da função de seu nome de autor regional-universal, na evolução da história da literatura brasileira. Para estudar o modo como essa função se constituiu, considero a contribuição decisiva de Antonio Candido, a partir da estreia do ficcionista nos anos de 1940 e também no ensaio dos anos de 1970 que o consagra escritor superregionalista latino-americano. Para analisar “Reminisção” como alegoria parodística da função de autor regional-universal, separo o conto em três partes correspondentes a três fases de evolução da história do regionalismo; depois analiso o modo como o vocabulário exótico do conto contribui na indeterminação de seu sentido, e proporciona ao leitor a materialidade dos contornos da metafísica da superação pressuposta na função transfiguradora parodiada.
Sexual dimorphism in Scutiger boulengeri, an endemic toad from the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Lixia , Sheng Yongsun , Yuan Xiangyu , Yu Fei , Zhong Xueting , Chen Xiaohong
Published: June 2020

The evolution of sexual dimorphism has long fascinated evolutionary biologists and theory suggests that variation in sexual dimorphism is a consequence of selective forces acting differently on morphological traits in males versus females. Here, we analyzed sexual differences in size and shape of the Boulenger’s lazy toad, Scutiger boulengeri, based on the intersex variation pattern of sixteen morphometric traits including body size. The results suggested that sexual dimorphism was apparent in body size and some body shapes (e.g., head length and width, internasal space, interorbital space, diameter of lower arm and tibia width) of this toad. The bigger body size in females may be relevant to fecundity selection, a larger head in males as well as a broader internasal and interorbital space may be subject to male-male competition in combination with ecological selection, and both robust forelimbs and hindlimbs in males may be related to mating and competitive behaviors. These results are discussed with respect to the above selection procedures and possible sex differences in life history traits.
Integrative systematics reveals the new land-snail genus Taphrenalla (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae) with a description of nine new species from Thailand
Authors: Pholyotha Arthit , Sutcharit Chirasak , Tongkerd Piyoros , Jeratthitikul Ekgachai , Panha Somsak
Published: June 2020

The endemic terrestrial Crown Snail from Southern Thailand formerly in Macrochlamys Gray, 1847 is now described as Taphrenalla Pholyotha & Panha gen. nov., based on comparative morphology and molecular data. Overall, eleven Taphrenalla species are now recognized, including two nominal species: T. asamurai and T. diadema. A total of nine new species are proposed: T. alba sp. nov., T. conformis sp. nov., T. corona sp. nov., T. dalli sp. nov., T. incilis sp. nov., T. macrosulcata sp. nov., T. parversa sp. nov., T. pygmaea sp. nov. and T. zemia sp. nov. The molecular phylogeny constructed from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA gene fragments plus the nuclear 28S rDNA gene fragments revealed that Taphrenalla gen. nov. is monophyletic with a well-supported clade. The diagnostic characters of Taphrenalla gen. nov. are the shell sculpture with several radial grooves, body with well-developed colourful stripes running from the head to tail, and genitalia similar to Macrochamys but with an un-coiling epiphallic caecum. The spermatophore has one or two spines near the sperm sac and a spineless tail.
Burdens of Proof
Authors: Protschky Susie
Published: June 2020

There is but a limited scholarship on photographic sources from the Dutch military actions during the Revolusi Nasional Indonesia (Indonesian National Revolution) (1945–1949), and what exists almost entirely neglects perhaps the largest component of the archives: Dutch soldiers’ amateur photographs. Yet this category of photographs has simultaneously attracted much public and media controversy. This article contends that a narrow range of soldiers’ amateur photographs have thus far borne an anomalously weighty burden of proof to substantiate the nature and limits of extreme violence during the National Revolution, one that is brittle and difficult to sustain unless historians begin to broaden the focus of investigations into photographic archives. This article also investigates what it may mean for present-day Indonesians to see their ancestors as perpetrators as well as victims of violence and, importantly, as occupants of the ambiguous categories between both ends of this spectrum. What are the ethics of looking at and reproducing these photographs, and to whom do they belong?
Some Time Violations Go Less Noticed: Gestalt Grouping? A Brief Report
Authors: Mungan Esra , Kaya Ece
Published: June 2020

This brief report is inspired by Bolton’s (1894, Am. J. Psychol., 6, 145–238) tick-tock phenomenon, which describes an illusionary accented grouping of isochronous, non-accented click sequences. It has repeatedly been shown that in stimulus-wise grouped sequences of an XXXOOO character (where X differs from O in terms of intensity, pitch level, or filled or unfilled duration), gap deviations between groups are more prone to go unnoticed compared to deviations within a group (e.g., Fitzgibbons et al., 1974, Percept. Psychophys., 16, 522–528.). Yet, not much is known about whether comparable anisochrony insensitivities might also occur in equal-accented sequences (XXXXX). In a same/different task setting, listeners had to detect isochrony deviations that appeared in different empty-interval locations across 800 trials within a five-pulse sequence of 250 ms interonset intervals. Findings revealed a major location dependency, with least detection accuracy for gap deviations occurring in the last interval, particularly if the 250 ms gap was lengthened rather than shortened. Results are discussed in relation to potential Gestalt grouping and Nakajima et al.’s (2014, Perception, 33, 1061–1079) perceptual assimilation and contrast observations in three-tone sequences.
Report on the Göttingen Septuagint
Authors: Albrecht Felix
Published: June 2020

This article provides a brief history of the Göttingen Septuagint Editions up to 2019, and focuses on the new Psalter Project “Editio critica maior des griechischen Psalters” (Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen), which started at the beginning of 2020. The article illustrates some of the challenges of the planned editorial work, and uses Psalm 1 as a test case. First, an overview is provided of the editorial history, from the earliest printed versions that reveal a major influence of the Lucianic recension, to the Sixtine edition that marks a turning point, followed by all other modern editions (e.g. by Paul Anton de Lagarde and Alfred Rahlfs). Second, attention is drawn to one of the most urgent research tasks, namely the reconstruction of the fragmentary hexaplaric tradition, giving examples of the hexaplaric fragments of Psalm 1 transmitted in ms. Rahlfs 113 (Cod. Ambros. B 106 sup.) and Rahlfs 271 (Cod. Vat. gr. 1747).
Bio-Synthesis and Characterization of CS–Ag Nano Hydrogel for Antibacterial Application
Authors: Sharma Shikha , Khatoon Fehmeeda
Published: June 2020

An environmental technique of herbal mediated blend of Ag nanoparticles is a substantial stage in the ground of nanotechnology. Chitosan (CS) is a polymer which is biocompatible and antibacterial. In this work, we have synthesized CS–Ag Nano hydrogel which is form with chitosan-based
hydrogel merged in the herbal synthesized Ag nanoparticles. These green synthesized Ag-nanoparticles made from Polygonum bistorta plant leaves and described with the assistance of UV-vis spectrophotometer, and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). In this work our main focus to synthesized
CS–Ag Nano hydrogel. These hydrogel was described by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic method, X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, and contact angle. Nanoparticle size distribution was within 1 to 100 nm by DLS and the optimum wavelength was noted in 400 to 450 nm by UV-vis
spectroscopic readings. A good antibacterial behavior has been displayed by these synthesized CS–Ag Nano hydrogel films against both E. coli (gram –ve) and S. aureus (gram +ve) with the maximum 7 mm inhibition zone.
Thiol Ligand Adsorption on Gold Nanoparticle Surfaces: Mathematical Models to Predict Optimal Concentration of Heterobifunctional Polyethylene Glycol for Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization
Authors: Bianco C. C. , Menti C. , Lorensi G. A. , Aguzzoli C. , Henriques J. A. P , Labre C. , Sommer R. L. , Roesch-Ely M.
Published: June 2020

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are often used in numerous applications, including diagnostics, drug delivery and treatment of diseases, given its physical features and excellent biocompatibility, where factors such as dispersion and stability are directly related to the its performance and
efficiency. Mathematical models for experimental design can be very useful and contribute to predict optimal functionalization strategies. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to stabilize and functionalize GNPs of 40 nm and 80 nm and determine optimal concentrations of heterobifunctional
polyethylene glycols (HS-PEG-NH2 3500 and 7500 g/mol). Mathematical models relating particle diameter, initial concentration and quantification of the polymers adsorbed for both varieties of thiol PEG was predicted. GNP were modified and subjected to the four different strategies employed
in this study (strategy I and III with HS-PEG-NH2 3500; II and IV with HS-PEG-NH2 7500). Solutions with concentrations ranging from 30 to 200 ng/ml of enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were used as an alternative to gauge the efficiency of the evaluated strategies. A superior yield and efficacy
of strategies I and II was observed, since the former had a capture capacity of up to 5 times when stabilized for 2 h and up to 6 times for 12 h. Regarding stability, the most promising strategy observed was number II for nanoparticles of 40 nm. Moreover, the mathematical models highlighted
in this study were efficient in predicting behavior of colloidal solutions with sizes of 40 nm and 80 nm when in contact with different varieties of thiol PEG and may exempt new kinetic tests.
Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties of Biofabricated Silver Nanoparticles Using Different Extracts of Boerhavia diffusa L.
Authors: Mathiyazhagan Mala , Raj Jeevarani John , Gabriel Jeya Jothi
Published: June 2020

The benefit of utilizing plants for the synthesis of nanoparticles include a broad variability of metabolites that may aid in reduction, easily available as well as safe to handle. Boerhavia diffusa L. is known as punarnava, possessing anti-inflammatory, diuretic activities and
is being used for the common clinical problems such as nephrotic edema, syndrome and ascites resulting from early cirrhosis of the liver and chronic peritonitis. The present study aims at biosynthesis of silver fabricated nanoparticles with the aqueous extracts of B. diffusa leaves
and roots by using 1 mM AgNO3 . Preliminary confirmation of silver nanoparticles was done by using Ultra Violet Visual (UV-VIS) Spectrophotometer. The biomolecules were responsible for reducing the Ag+ to Ag0 which was identified by Fourier Transform Infra-Red
(FTIR). The nanoparticles were subjected to Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis to detect the Size and morphology of the particles. The nanoscale level (< 100 nm) of spherical shaped aggregates was identified. Antimicrobial assays were carried out with the selected clinical isolates
using disc diffusion method and the notable inhibitory zones were observed against all the isolates at very low concentration.
Antioxidant Properties of R-Phycoerythrin from Red Alga Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey Collected on the Pudumadam Coast
Authors: Brabakaran A. , Venkatesan S. , Jayappriyan K. R. , Roselin L. Selva , Thangaraju N.
Published: June 2020

Natural antioxidants are found in algae, are important biologically active compounds that involve in protecting the cells from oxidation thereby used in defense mechanism on ageing processes and various diseases. In this study, R-Phycoerythrin (R-PE) was extracted from Spyridia filamentosa
and was assessed for their antioxidant properties. The antioxidising property of decontaminated R-PE has been evaluated by measuring the free radical scavenging activity by DPPH radical scavenging assay, ABTS radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide radical
(O2) scavenging assay, nitric oxide scavenging activity and phosphomolybdenum reduction assay. The purified R-PE extract was subjected to structural analysis by UV-Visible spectroscopy, fluorescence emission spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The UV-Visible spectrum showed
a peak at 496 nm, 543 nm and 564 nm and fluorescence emission spectrum of R-PE was measured 575 nm which confirmed the presence of R-Phycoerythrin. The IR spectral data showed the presence of aromatic constituents containing amide group in the protein. DPPH radical scavenging assay showed
the highest antioxidant potential with an IC50 value of 128.25 μg/ml. The radical scavenging activity of Nitric oxide showed an IC50 value of 87.85 μg/ml, Phosphomolybdenum reduction assay showed an RC50 value of 61.45 μg/ml. The
hydroxyl radical scavenging activity showed IC50 value of 34.56 μg/ml and Superoxide radical (O2) scavenging assay showed IC50 value of 18.58 μg/ml. The ABTS radical scavenging activity showed the lowest antioxidant potential of 3.13 μg/ml.
The free radical scavenging property of R-Phycoerythrin (R-PE) concentrate of Spyridia filamentosa demonstrate that it has high antioxidant potency and it could be considered as utilitarian nourishment with essential pharmaceutical and biological importance.
The Influence of Rotator Cuff Muscles Fatigue on the Activation and Firing Rate of the Motor Units of Core Muscles
Authors: Menegazzi Mariane , Hendler Ketlyn Germann , das Neves Laís Mara Siqueira , Kuriki Heloyse Uliam , Barbosa Rafael Inácio , Registro Fonseca Marisa de Cássia , Marcolino Alexandre Marcio
Published: June 2020

The muscles responsible by control and stabilization between trunk a superior and inferior member are known as core muscles. To investigate the influence of rotator cuff muscle fatigue in the activation of core muscles. We evaluated 23 individuals, from both sexes, with no history of
superior limbs and column, which passed through the electromyographic evaluation of transversus abdominis/internal oblique and lumbar multifidus muscles, during the test of closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test, before and after a fatigue protocol. We found no significant statistical
differences between the firing rate of the motor units, before and after the induction of rotator cuff muscles fatigue (p > 0.05). However, in women we found a tendency for a decrease in the firing rate of the motor units, and increase in the activation of left multifidus muscles
and transversus abdominis right, even with no statistical relevance. Men presented a decrease in the activation of the right multifidus after the muscle fatigue. There are no significant differences in core muscles activation before and after the fatigue protocol. However, it was possible
to observe a decrease in the median frequency after the fatigue protocol in women.
Optimization of Laser Recrystallization Process for GeSn Films on Si Substrates Based on Finite Difference Time Domain and Finite Element Method
Authors: Zhang Chao , Song Jianjun , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2020

GeSn alloy on Si substrate has the advantages of high carrier mobility, high radiation recombination efficiency, compatibility with the Si process, and is widely used in the field of semiconductor optoelectronics. However, due to the high lattice mismatch between the GeSn epitaxial
layer and the Si substrate, how to prepare a perfect GeSn film on the Si substrate is an issue. The 808 nm continuous wave laser recrystallization technology can significantly improve the quality of the GeSn alloy epitaxial layer by melting and recrystallization, which provide another technical
way for solving this problem. Optimized laser recrystallization related process parameters is necessary when laser recrystallization technology is used to prepare high quality GeSn alloy on Si substrate. For this purpose, the absorption, reflection and transmission models of GeSn alloy epitaxial
layer/Si substrate system irradiated by 808 nm continuous wave laser are established using finite difference time domain software FDTD Solutions. The thickness-related process parameters of GeSn alloy epitaxial layer and SiO2 capping layer are optimized. In addition, the temperature
distribution model of 808 nm continuous wave laser irradiation of GeSn alloy epitaxial layer on Si substrate system is obtained by COMSOL Multiphysics simulation. The process parameters related to laser recrystallization temperature are optimized and listed, which can be used as important
technical references for the growth of low defect density GeSn layer on Si substrate assisted by the laser recrystallization technology.
Odd Judgment Circuit of Four Inputs Based on DNA Strand Displacement
Authors: Li Ji-Xiang , Wang Yan-Feng , Sun Jun-Wei
Published: June 2020

In the development of electronic technology integrated circuits, researchers focus on new calculation methods and new calculation models. The alternative technology of DNA strands is the rapid development of existed biotechnological methods for calculating new types of faster growth.
In addition, a new idea for the odd judgment logic circuit based on DNA strand displacement reaction technology is proposed to solve practical problems in mathematics, and which is widely used for those various logic circuits and computing systems to acquire important roles in biological computers.
The operational design of the decision circuit is also essential for the logical computing of biological computers. The odd-numbered decision circuit represents the input and output signals during the design process, and that is designed to have the number of single-chain structures of four
input signals and one output signal. Finally, the molecular logic circuit is formed by using a primary seesaw circuit. From the simulation results about the dual-rail logic circuit design and the present invention, the idea of using an alternative technology is derived, and the logic circuit
deserves a very reliable design. It is a good technical support and a good theoretical basis provided for the future development of biological computers through the odd judgment logic circuit.
Extraction of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles from 3 Dimensional MRI Images UsingK-Mean Algorithm
Authors: Alanazi Reem S. , Saad Ali S.
Published: June 2020

Nanomedicine targeted drug delivery is one of the emerging techniques for diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases. Medical image processing of High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging (HR-MRI), when combined with iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-NPs), provides a precious tool to monitor
diagnosis and treatment processes. The challenge is to detect the nanoparticles inside the HR-MRI images. This is due to the low resolution of the images and the small size of the nanoparticles. In this paper, we study the drug delivery efficiency using a mouse with an inflamed calf, with
IO-NPs attached to the therapeutic drug and injected into the mouse's eye. Our aim is to know how much of the drug injected will reach the inflamed region of the calf. A high-resolution MRI system was used to take images of the inflamed calf region. Knowing that iron oxide has a strong magnetic
intensity on MRI images, image processing techniques were used to identify the location and quantity of IO-NPs attached to the drug. By knowing the location and quantity of IO-NPs we can estimate the quantity of drug delivered to the region of interest. In our project, K-mean algorithm,
an automatic clustering algorithm was used to detect the iron oxide NPs in the MRI images. This then extracts them from the 3D model of the femoral region of interest. Extraction of NPs permits an estimation of the number of NPs clustered in the region and furthermore estimates the quantity
of the drug delivered to the region of interest. The results obtained of nanoparticle detection and extraction seem to be a promising way to estimate the amount of delivered drug to a targeted area.
Effect of Hydrothermal Solutions on Optical and Electrical Properties of ZnO Nanowires Grown on a ZnO:Al Seed Layer for Improved Mechanical Performance
Authors: Arslan H. Tugral , Arslan Cuneyt , Baydogan N.
Published: June 2020

ZnO nanowire arrays were fabricated by hydrothermal growth on Al-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) seed layers coated on soda-lime silicate glass by sol–gel coating. The properties of the ZnO:Al seed layer were evaluated to obtain ZnO nanowires with the optimal size and length and to realize
suitable adhesion of the ZnO:Al grains to the substrate. The optimal mechanical performance (adhesion and abrasion resistance) of the ZnO:Al seed layer was obtained at Al 1 at.%. The seed layers annealed between 400 and 500 C exhibited enhanced ZnO nanowire growth. Increasing the annealing
temperature within this range improved the electrical and optical properties of the nanowires. Additionally, two chemical compounds, zinc acetate (ZA) and zinc nitrate (ZN), were used to compare the effects of the solution type on the hydrothermal growth. The nanowires grown in the ZA solution
were thicker and had higher electrical conductivity compared to the ZN solution. The gamma transmission technique was used to determine the agglomeration of ZnO:Al nanospheres and to examine the crystallite size and density of the ZnO:Al seed layers.
Simulation and Experiment on Micro-Texture of Bionic Surface Array
Authors: Chen Chaoda , Guo Zhongning , Wen Liang , Lin Gangbao
Published: June 2020

In view of the anti-friction and anti-adhesion characteristics of bionic surface structure in bioengineering, a new processing technology of hole-to-hole strip sprinkler tool is proposed innovatively to achieve precision and large-scale surface micro-texture manufacturing. On the basis
of electrolytic jet mask processing, the array structure of strip nozzle with variable hole spacing was designed. Combining with electric field parameters, the model was established by COMSOL Multiphysics software and the simulation analysis was carried out. Experiments show that the technology
has high processing efficiency, low surface roughness, regular morphology and good consistency of the fabricated arrays, which provides a new idea for the fabrication of bionic micro-texture arrays.
Childhood determinants of suicidality in men recently transitioned from regular military service
Authors: Syed Sheriff Rebecca , Van Hooff Miranda , Malhi Gin S , Grace Blair , McFarlane Alexander
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Rates of suicidality are higher in military than comparable civilian populations. The period of transition from regular military service may be a time of particular vulnerability. In order to best inform early intervention and prevention strategies, we sought to investigate the childhood determinants (trauma and disorder) of self-reported past-year suicidality (thoughts, plans or attempts) in a population of Australian Defence Force men who had recently (in the previous 5 years) transitioned from regular military service.

Methods:

We analysed self-report, and detailed interview, cross-sectional data to investigate the association between retrospectively reported past-year suicidality and childhood factors (disorder and trauma) and whether these relationships were independent of each other and adult-onset trauma and disorder. We utilised logistic regression techniques and generalised structural equation modelling.

Results:

The prevalence of suicidality in transitioned men was 21.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: [19.9, 23.3]). Suicidality was associated with childhood-onset interpersonal trauma and anxiety and adult-onset anxiety and depression. Generalised structural equation modelling demonstrated that the pathway between childhood interpersonal trauma and suicidality was not fully mediated by childhood anxiety. Restricting the analyses to those previously deployed demonstrated that suicidality had a direct and significant association with childhood-onset factors (anxiety and interpersonal trauma) and adult-onset trauma (deployment and non-deployment related).

Conclusion:

This study sheds light onto the significance of childhood factors (interpersonal trauma and anxiety) in a population undergoing transition that may revive pre-existing vulnerabilities. These findings have the potential to aid early intervention and prevention strategies in identifying those at risk prior to transition. These findings also imply that early interventions targeting anxiety and interventions to reduce social instability during the transition period may be useful in reducing suicidality during this time. Further prospective studies are needed to further explore these novel findings.
Clinical Utility of HLA-B*58:01 Genotyping to Prevent Allopurinol-Induced SJS/TEN
Authors: Lavu Alekhya , Thiriveedi Sneha , Thomas Levin , Khera Kanav , Saravu Kavitha , Rao Mahadev
Published: June 2020

Purpose: A 28-year-old male reported to our hospital with Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) overlap syndrome that developed as an adverse drug reaction (ADR) to allopurinol. HLA-B*58:01 allele is associated with an increased risk of developing allopurinol-induced SJS/TEN. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. DNA sequencing was done using SANGER sequencing method. Results: Pharmacogenetic testing results revealed positive for HLA-B*58:01 allele. Symptoms of the patient receded after allopurinol withdrawal. Conclusion: The thrust of personalized therapy is from decoding the individual specific genetic variations astutely for better therapeutic outcomes such as reducing the ADRs. Pharmacogenetic testing is emerging as a safe, fast, and economic screening tool for personalized therapy by preventing ADRs. Pharmacogenetic HLA-B*58:01 allele testing before allopurinol administration could significantly reduce the incidence of SJS/TEN and associated mortalities/morbidities and thereby represent a potential cost-effective intervention.
The Binary-Based Model (BBM) for Improved Human Factors Method Selection
Authors: Holman Matt , Walker Guy , Lansdown Terry , Salmon Paul , Read Gemma , Stanton Neville
Published: June 2020

Objective

This paper presents the Binary-Based Model (BBM), a new approach to Human Factors (HF) method selection. The BBM helps practitioners select the most appropriate HF methodology in relation to the complexity within the target system.

Background

There are over 200 HF methods available to the practitioner and little guidance to help choose between them.

Method

The BBM defines a HF “problem space” comprising three complexity attributes. HF problems can be rated against these attributes and located in the “problem space.” In addition, a similar HF “approach space” in which 66 predictive methods are rated according to their ability to confront those attributes is defined. These spaces are combined into a “utility space” in which problems and methods coexist. In the utility space, the match between HF problems and methods can be formally assessed.

Results

The method space is split into octants to establish broad groupings of methods distributed throughout the space. About 77% of the methods reside in Octant 1 which corresponds to problems with low levels of complexity. This demonstrates that most HF methods are suited to problems in low-complexity systems.

Conclusion

The location of 77% of the rated methods in Octant 1 indicates that HF practitioners are underserved with methods for analysis of HF problems exhibiting high complexity.

Application

The BBM can be used by multidisciplinary teams to select the most appropriate HF methodology for the problem under analysis. All the materials and analysis are placed in the public domain for modification and consensus building by the wider HF community.