bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Testing of a Multiple Quantum Well Binary Phase Modulator
Authors: Wilkinson L.C. , Prince S.M. , Desmulliez M.P.Y. , Stanley C. R.
Published: September 2022

Diffractive Optical Elements (DOEs) are used to manipulate the phase of a light beam in order to perform functions such as beam-steering, fan-out, wavelength discrimination and focusing. Typically, DOEs are fabricated by etching a structure into a piece of glass which generates a static phase profile being added to the input light beam. Dynamic diffractive optical elements which modulate the phase pattern of a beam can also be generated through the interaction of a liquid crystal with an electric field [1]. We report a more recent innovation [2] that uses an electrically addressed Multiple Quantum Well (MQW) structure incorporated into an asymmetric Fabry-Perot cavity to produce π phase modulation without any change in device reflectivity. The device relies on the change in absorption within the cavity to switch the dominance of the role played by one of the two Fabry-Perot mirrors thereby achieving the π phase change. Phase modulation is therefore obtained by electro-absorption modulation induced by the Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE) which is acting in the MQW regions of the structure.
Advances in Polymer Dispersed FLC For SLM and Displays
Authors: Kompanets I.N.
Published: September 2022

Using polymer dispersed ferroelectric liquid crystals (PDFLC) one can design fast cells for SLMs and displays without glasses, polarizers and spatial hermetization that increases the light transparency and simplifies the technology.
Investigation of novel structures on silicon backplane SLMs
Authors: O‘Hara A. , Bodammer G. , Begbie M. , Vass D.G. , Rankin I. , Seunarine K. , Burns D.C. , Underwood I. , Stevenson J.T.M.
Published: September 2022

Post-processing of commercial silicon backplanes have resulted in improved optical performance of liquid crystal (LC) over silicon spatial light modulators (SLMs). The use of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) to planarise the wafers eliminates the topographical effect of the the underlying circuitry and allows the production of high optical quality pixel mirrors with large fill factors [1]. Having control of the top layer metal process permits the optical optimization of the SLM backplane and allows the investigation of other interconnect structures to enhance the device. We are currently examining adaptions and additions to our post-processing procedure which will change the structure of the pixel and the die to further enhance the performance of the silicon backplane.
A Multistage Arrangement for Programmable Diffractive Optical Elements providing Simplified Array Control
Authors: Thomas James A. , Fainman Yeshaiahu
Published: September 2022

Multichannel arrays of phase modulators are attractive as fast, high resolution random-access beam deflectors and can find direct application to such areas as projection display and programmable optical interconnects. Because of their similarity to a stepped-phase diffractive optical element (DOE) we call these devices programmable DOEs. Several forms of programmable DOEs for beam steering have been reported including a compact liquid crystal based system1 and faster electrooptic based devices.2-3 The electrooptic (E-O) systems permit much faster switching rates but at the cost of higher drive voltages. We have focused our efforts on the development of an electooptic programmable DOE based on lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT). A simple device of this type is shown in Fig. 1 (from Ref. 3).
Constructing functional models from biophysically-detailed neurons
Authors: Duggins Peter , Eliasmith Chris
Published: September 2022

Improving biological plausibility and functional capacity are two important goals for brain models that connect low-level neural details to high-level behavioral phenomena. We develop a method called “oracle-supervised Neural Engineering Framework” (osNEF) to train biologically-detailed spiking neural networks that realize a variety of cognitively-relevant dynamical systems. Specifically, we train networks to perform computations that are commonly found in cognitive systems (communication, multiplication, harmonic oscillation, and gated working memory) using four distinct neuron models (leaky-integrate-and-fire neurons, Izhikevich neurons, 4-dimensional nonlinear point neurons, and 4-compartment, 6-ion-channel layer-V pyramidal cell reconstructions) connected with various synaptic models (current-based synapses, conductance-based synapses, and voltage-gated synapses). We show that osNEF networks exhibit the target dynamics by accounting for nonlinearities present within the neuron models: performance is comparable across all four systems and all four neuron models, with variance proportional to task and neuron model complexity. We also apply osNEF to build a model of working memory that performs a delayed response task using a combination of pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons connected with NMDA and GABA synapses. The baseline performance and forgetting rate of the model are consistent with animal data from delayed match-to-sample tasks (DMTST): we observe a baseline performance of 95% and exponential forgetting with time constant τ = 8.5s, while a recent meta-analysis of DMTST performance across species observed baseline performances of 58 − 99% and exponential forgetting with time constants of τ = 2.4 − 71s. These results demonstrate that osNEF can train functional brain models using biologically-detailed components and open new avenues for investigating the relationship between biophysical mechanisms and functional capabilities.
Depression, anxiety, and stress among frontline health workers during the second wave of COVID-19 in southern Vietnam: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Le Thi Ngoc Anh , Dang Van Chinh , Nguyen Thanh Phong , Lewycka Sonia , Van Nuil Jennifer Ilo
Published: September 2022

Health workers around the world have taken on massive frontline roles in the fight against COVID-19, often under intense pressure and in the face of uncertainty. In this study, we determined the rates of depression, anxiety, stress and related factors among health workers in COVID-19 designated hospitals in southern Vietnam during the second wave of COVID-19. From July-September 2020, we collected self-administered surveys from 499 health workers in 14 hospitals that were designated for the care and treatment of patients with COVID-19. The survey included sections on demographics, co-morbid health conditions, symptoms experienced during patient care, a depression, anxiety and stress assessment (DASS-21), and other related factors. We used logistic regression models to identify factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress, and adjusted for confounding factors. 18%, 11.5%, 7.7% of participants had symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively with the majority at mild and moderate levels. The risk factors for increased mental health impact included long working hours, experiencing physical symptoms, fear of transmission to family, COVID-19 related stigma, and worry when watching media about COVID-19. Psychological counseling and training in infection prevention were protective factors that reduced the risk of mental health problems. Further exploration of the association between physical symptoms experienced by health workers and mental health may guide interventions to improve health outcomes. More routine COVID-19 testing among health workers could reduce anxieties about physical symptoms and alleviate the fear of transmitting COVID-19 to family and friends. Medical institutions need to ensure that health workers have access to basic trainings prior to initiation of work, and mental health support during the pandemic and into the future.
Identifying priority challenges and solutions for COVID-19 vaccine delivery in low- and middle-income countries: A modified Delphi study
Authors: Ariyarajah Archchun , Berry Isha , Haldane Victoria , Loutet Miranda , Salamanca-Buentello Fabio , Upshur Ross E. G.
Published: September 2022

Background

The rapid implementation of global COVID-19 vaccination programs has surfaced many challenges and inequities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there continues to be a lack of consensus on which challenges are global priorities for action, and how to best respond to them. This study uses consensus-based methods to identify and rank the most important challenges and solutions for implementation of COVID-19 vaccination programs in LMICs.

Methods

We conducted a three-round modified Delphi study with a global panel of vaccine delivery experts. In Round I, panelists identified broad topical challenges and solutions. Responses were collated and coded into distinct items. Through two further rounds of structured, iterative surveys panelists reviewed and ranked the identified items. Responses were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to achieve consensus on the most important COVID-19 vaccine delivery challenges and solutions.

Results

Of the 426 invited panelists, 96 completed Round I, 56 completed Round II, and 39 completed Round III. Across all three rounds there was equal representation by gender, and panelists reported work experience in all World Bank regions and across a variety of content areas and organizations. Of the 64 initially identified items, the panel achieved consensus on three challenges and 10 solutions. Challenges fell under themes of structural factors and infrastructure and human and material resources, while solutions also included items within themes of communication, community engagement, and access and planning, processes, and operations.

Conclusion

COVID-19 vaccine delivery is challenged by long-standing and structural inequities that disadvantage health service delivery in LMICs. These findings can, and should, be used by global health organizations to efficiently and optimally direct resources to respond to these key challenges and solutions.
Adaptation and psychometric properties of the school engagement and contextual factors questionnaires for Covid-19 and post Covid-19 context
Authors: Lara Laura , Saracostti Mahia , de-Toro Ximena
Published: September 2022

School engagement has been demonstrated to be a relevant aspect in promoting students’ successful trajectories, a commitment that in its turn is influenced by contextual factors (family, teachers, and peers). Having instruments to measure these constructs allows decisions to be made to improve student retention, especially relevant in the context of uncertainty caused by covid-19. The aim of the study was to adapt and analyze the psychometric properties of questionnaires used to measure school engagement and contextual factors in the context of the pandemic with elementary school students in Chile. After adaptation of the instruments, through expert evaluation and focus groups with students, they were administered to 579 students in seventh and eighth grade (mean age = 12.79, 52% were boys), and to 334 students in fifth and sixth grade (mean age = 11.35, 38% were boys) in Chile. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the two versions of the school engagement measurement instrument had an adequate fit with the original model of three correlated factors, cognitive, affective, and behavioral commitment. Similarly, these two versions of the instrument measuring the contextual factors had a good fit with the original model of three correlated factors, family, teachers, and peers. In addition, both versions of both questionnaires presented appropriate levels of internal consistency.
Seed-coating of rapeseed (Brassica napus) with the neonicotinoid clothianidin affects behaviour of red mason bees (Osmia bicornis) and pollination of strawberry flowers (Fragaria × ananassa)
Authors: Herbertsson Lina , Klatt Björn K. , Blasi Maria , Rundlöf Maj , Smith Henrik G.
Published: September 2022

Neonicotinoid insecticides applied to flowering crops can have negative impacts on bees, with implications for crop pollination. To assess if exposure to the neonicotinoid clothianidin via a treated crop (rapeseed) affected bee behaviour, pollination performance (to strawberry), and bee reproduction, we provided each of 12 outdoor cages with rapeseed (autumn-sown plants complemented with a few spring-sown plants to extend the flowering period) grown from either clothianidin-treated or untreated (control) seeds, together with strawberry plants and a small population of red mason bees (Osmia bicornis). We expected clothianidin to reduce bee foraging activity, resulting in impaired strawberry pollination and bee reproduction. During the early stage of the experiment, we observed no difference between treatments in the length of entire foraging trips, or the combined number of rapeseed and strawberry flowers that the bees visited during these trips. During the later stage of the experiment, we instead determined the time a female took to visit 10 rapeseed flowers, as a proxy for foraging performance. We found that they were 10% slower in clothianidin cages. Strawberries weighed less in clothianidin cages, suggesting reduced pollination performance, but we were unable to relate this to reduced foraging activity, because the strawberry flowers received equally many visits in the two treatments. Clothianidin-exposed females sealed their nests less often, but offspring number, sex ratio and weight were similar between treatments. Observed effects on bee behaviour appeared by the end of the experiment, possibly because of accumulated effects of exposure, reduced bee longevity, or higher sensitivity of the protocols we used during the later phase of the experiment. Although the lack of a mechanistic explanation calls for interpreting the results with cautiousness, the lower strawberry weight in clothianidin cages highlights the importance of understanding complex effects of plant protection products, which could have wider consequences than those on directly exposed organisms.
Measuring types and timing of childhood maltreatment: The psychometric properties of the KERF-40+
Authors: Seitz Katja I. , Gerhardt Sarah , von Schroeder Claudius , Panizza Angelika , Thekkumthala Dorothea , Bertsch Katja , Herpertz Sabine C. , Schmahl Christian , Schalinski Inga
Published: September 2022

Childhood maltreatment, specifically during sensitive developmental periods, is a major risk factor for poor physical and mental health. Despite its enormous clinical relevance, there is still a lack of scales measuring different types, timing, and duration of childhood maltreatment. The current study sought to validate and determine the psychometric properties of the brief German version of the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure (MACE) scale, the KERF-40. The KERF-40 was administered as an interview (i.e., KERF-40-I) to 287 adult participants with and without mental disorders. Based on item response theory, items of the KERF-40-I were assigned to different types of maltreatment, resulting in a scaled version, the KERF-40+. Test-retest reliability was assessed in a small subsample (n = 14). Convergent and relative predictive validity were measured with correlations of the KERF-40+ and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) as well as self-report measures of general and trauma-related psychopathology. Rasch analysis and fit statistics yielded a 49-item version, encompassing ten different types of maltreatment. The test-retest reliability of the KERF-40+ was shown to be acceptable to excellent for almost all global and subscale scores (.74 ≤ ρ ≤ 1.00), with the exception of the subscale emotional neglect (ρ = .55). Convergent validity with the CTQ was confirmed for both KERF-40+ global scores (.72 ≤ r ≤ .87) and corresponding subscale scores (.56 ≤ r ≤ .78). Relative predictive validity was reflected by significant small-to-moderate correlations between KERF-40+ global scores and indices of general and trauma-related psychopathology (.24 ≤ r ≤ .45). Taken together, the KERF-40+ appears to be suited for clinicians and researchers interested in retrospectively assessing different types, timing, and duration of childhood maltreatment experiences during sensitive periods in adults.
Many ways, one microorganism: Several approaches to study Malassezia in interactions with model hosts
Authors: Ehemann Kevin , Mantilla María Juliana , Mora-Restrepo Felipe , Rios-Navarro Andrea , Torres Maritza , Celis Ramírez Adriana Marcela
Published: September 2022

Malassezia, a lipophilic and lipid-dependent yeast, is a microorganism of current interest to mycobiologists because of its role as a commensal or pathogen in health conditions such as dermatological diseases, fungemia, and, as discovered recently, cancer and certain neurological disorders. Various novel approaches in the study of Malassezia have led to increased knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this yeast. However, additional efforts are needed for more comprehensive understanding of the behavior of Malassezia in interactions with the host. This article reviews advances useful in the experimental field for Malassezia.
Accuracy of molecular diagnostic methods for the detection of bovine brucellosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mabe Lerato , Onyiche ThankGod E. , Thekisoe Oriel , Suleman Essa
Published: September 2022

Background and Aim: Bovine brucellosis is a disease of global socio-economic importance caused by Brucella abortus. Diagnosis is mainly based on bacterial culture and serology. However, these methods often lack sensitivity and specificity. A range of molecular diagnostic methods has been developed to address these challenges. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of molecular tools, in comparison to gold standard bacterial isolation and serological assays for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. Materials and Methods: The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted based on analyses of peer-reviewed journal articles published between January 1, 1990, and June 6, 2020, in the PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Springer Link databases. Data were extracted from studies reporting the use of molecular diagnostic methods for the detection of B. abortus infections in animals according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of included journal articles was assessed using the quality assessment of diagnostic-accuracy studies assessment tool and meta-analysis was carried out using Review Manager. Results: From a total of 177 studies, only 26 articles met the inclusion criteria based on PRISMA guidelines. Data from 35 complete studies were included in the meta-analysis and used to construct 2 × 2 contingency tables. Improved diagnostic performance was observed when tissue (sensitivity 92.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 82.0–98.0%]) and serum samples (sensitivity 91.3% [95% CI 86.0–95.0%]) were used, while the BruAb2_0168 locus was the gene of preference for optimal assay performance (sensitivity 92.3% [95% CI 87.0–96.0%] and specificity 99.3% [95% CI 98.0–100.0%]). Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) had a higher diagnostic accuracy than polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time quantitative PCR with sensitivity of 92.0% (95% CI 78.0–98.0%) and specificity of 100.0% (95% CI 97.0–100.0%). Conclusion: The findings of this study assign superior diagnostic performance in the detection of B. abortus to LAMP. However, due to limitations associated with decreased specificity and a limited number of published articles on LAMP, the alternative use of PCR-based assays including those reported in literature is recommended while the use of LAMP for the detection of bovine brucellosis gains traction and should be evaluated more comprehensively in future.
Propriedades mecânicas de sementes de abóbora
Authors: Cabral de Oliveira Daniel Emanuel , Sarah Gabrielle Sousa Bueno  , José Mauro Guimarães Carvalho  , José Roberto da Costa Júnior  , Osvaldo Resende  , Vinicius Soares Costa
Published: September 2022

Pela inexistência de informações sobre as propriedades mecânicas de sementes de abóbora e pela necessidade de desenvolver equipamentos que possam ser utilizados com mais eficiência para o seu processamento, objetivou-se com este projeto, estudar as propriedades mecânicas de sementes de abóboras comerciais cultivadas no IF Goiano. Foram utilizadas sementes de abóbora (Cucurbita moschata) das cultivares comercial ‘Rajada Seca Melhorada’ e ‘Jacarezinho’ com teor de água variando de 0,670 a 0,094 decimal base seca (b.s.) e 0,923 a 0,033 decimal (b.s.), respectivamente. A determinação da resistência à compressão das sementes foi realizada por meio de ensaios de compressão uniaxial. As sementes foram comprimidas em sua posição natural de repouso, a uma velocidade constante (taxa de aplicação de força) de 0,0001 m s-1. A força média para as deformações na ‘Rajada Seca Melhorada’ foi de 43,90 e 0,56 N e para ‘Jacarezinho’ entre 13,20 e 0,20 N, e os valores do módulo proporcional de deformidade de 8,05 a 23,68 x 107 N m-2 cultivar ‘Rajada Seca Melhorada’ e 2,05 a 21,64 x 107 N m-2 para ‘Jacarezinho’. Conclui-se que a força necessária para deformação das sementes de abóbora decresce com o aumento do teor de água, para a cultivar ‘Rajada Seca Melhorada’ e ‘Jacarezinho’.  Há um aumento nos valores do módulo proporcional de deformidade com a redução do teor de água, para a cultivar ‘Rajada’ e ‘Jacarezinho’. Pode-se observar que as sementes da abóbora ‘Rajada Seca Melhorada’ possuem uma maior resistência à força de deformação em relação a “Jacarezinho’.
Agronomic potential, pest resistance, and fruit quality in BC1F3 dwarf round tomato populations
Authors: Resende Finzi Rafael , Mascarenhas Maciel Gabriel , Silva Siquieroli Ana Carolina , Soares de Oliveira Camila , Miranda Peixoto Joicy Vitória , Alves Ribeiro Ana Luisa
Published: September 2022

Combining broad pest resistance, high yield, and nutritional quality of fruit in the same hybrid is a challenge for round tomato breeders. Thus, development of a dwarf round tomato line for obtaining hybrids may be an excellent alternative for achieving such objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic potential, fruit quality, and pest resistance of BC1F3 dwarf round tomato populations. We evaluated 13 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments consisted of 10 BC1F3 dwarf populations originating from self-fertilization of dwarf populations selected in BC1F2, plus both parents (recurrent and donor) and a commercial hybrid. The traits evaluated were yield, number of fruit, mean weight, number of locules, shape, pulp thickness, longitudinal and transverse diameter of the fruit, precocity index, and soluble solids, β-carotene, lycopene, and acylsugar content. The data were analyzed through the means test. In general, there was an increase of up to 1035% in average fruit weight of the dwarf populations in relation to the donor parent. In addition, some dwarf populations had fruit with 49% more lycopene compared to the commercial hybrid, as well as greater acylsugar content in the leaves (273%). The UFU-DW22 dwarf population stood out with good agronomic potential, higher lycopene content in the fruit, and high acylsugar content, which provides pest resistance. To continue this research, a second backcross is suggested in order to obtain lines and, posteriorly, hybrids with round fruits and compact plants, pest resistance and nutritional quality of fruit.
Determination of loads on the body of a boxcar with elastic elements in the center sill
Authors: Fomin Oleksij , Glib Vatulia , Alyona Lovska
Published: September 2022

The authors suggest elastic elements in the body of a centre sill being the basic carrying element of the frame to decrease the dynamic loads. This solution can transform the dynamic loads on the body into the work of the dry friction forces between the components of the centre sill. The authors substantiated the solution by means of mathematic modelling of the dynamic loads on the body of a boxcar in the vertical plane, including the bouncing oscillations. The differential equations of the motion were solved with the Runge–Kutta method under the zero initial conditions. This solution can decrease the accelerations on the body of a boxcar by about 20 % in comparison to that of the prototype car. The study presents the strength calculations and the design service life for the body of a boxcar. It was calculated that the design service life of a boxcar was longer than that of the prototype car by about 20 %. The research may be used by those who are concerned about higher efficiency of railway transportation.
Endothelial dysfunction of the mesenteric arteries of rats in the early obesity induced by high-fat diet
Authors: Pankova M. N.
Published: September 2022

Background: Disturbance of the morphological and functional properties of the vascular bed in obesity are a serious clinical problem. Basis to their development is endothelial dysfunction. The developed models of obesity in animals using various diets indicate a change in vascular reactivity, however, questions about the stage at which this occurs and what mechanisms are involved in this process remain open, while they are decisive for choosing the correct tactics for correcting dysfunctions.

Aim: The aim of the present study is to determine the changes in acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasodilation of isolated arteries from rats after six weeks of administration of a high-fat diet (HFD).

Materials and methods: The experiments were performed on  Sprague-Dawley males, which at the age of 8 weeks were divided into 2 experimental groups that were treated for the next 6 weeks in the following manner: 1 - control) with standard dry food; 2 - a group fed with a HFD, the total amount of fat in which was 50%. At finish of the diet, the degree of obesity, biochemical parameters in the blood, and blood pressure were measured. Intravital microscopy of the rat mesentery with video recording was used to study the reactivity of the vessels. The contractile and relaxant responses of the vessels were determined by changes in their diameter.

Results: The rats after treatment with the HFD (n=15) had higher body weight and amount of visceral fat, significantly increased blood triglycerides, moderate increases in glucose level in blood and systolic pressure compared with the control (n=15). Relaxation responses of mesenteric arteries, having a diameter of 140 to 300 μm in PSS, were recorded after precontraction by phenylephrine. A decrease in ACh-induced vasorelaxation was obtained, which manifests itself before the development of significant changes in carbohydrate metabolism. Incubation of drugs with the inhibitor of endothelial NO synthase L-NAME led to a pronounced weakening of relaxation in animals on a standard diet, and had little effect on vasodilation in the arteries of rats with the HFD. Vasodilation induced by the administration of sodium nitroprusside (NO donor) did not differ significantly in control and experimental animals, which indicates that the sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle to NO remained practically unchanged. ACh-induced relaxation of arteries in dietary rats did not change when the cyclooxygenase pathway was blocked by diclofenac.

Conclusion: Functional changes in the contractile activity of the mesenteric arteries, manifested in the form of a decrease in ACh-induced vasorelaxation, occur after treatment with the HFD when animals had an early stage of obesity development before the onset of pronounced disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. This decrease is mainly due to the disruption of the NO-dependent mechanism underlying ACh-induced relaxation in the norm.
Clinical and pharmacological basis of the use of testosterone drugs for hormonal replacement therapy for hypogonadism in men
Authors: Volkova N. I. , Safronenko A. V. , Gantsgorn E. V. , Degtyareva Yu. S.
Published: September 2022

Hypogonadism is a condition associated with a decrease in the functional activity of the testicles, accompanied by a decrease in the level of androgens and (or) a violation of the process of spermatogenesis. It is known that androgens and their main representative, testosterone, are of fundamental importance for the development and maintenance of the reproductive and sexual functions of the male reproductive system. At the same time, low testosterone levels are associated with both reproductive and metabolic disorders, including phosphorus-calcium, fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. In addition, to date, data have been accumulated on the correlation of hypogonadism with cardiovascular diseases, which once again emphasizes the problem of testosterone deficiency, especially for patients of the middle and older age groups. However, carrying out testosterone replacement therapy always requires a strict and competent choice of a «target audience» among patients from a specialist. Today, on the pharmaceutical market, there is a wide arsenal of testosterone-containing drugs in various forms for use, which have an unequal «efficacy-safety» profile. In this review, we have analyzed modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of hypogonadism, the selection of a target group of patients to obtain the most effective and safe treatment outcome and described testosterone preparations and their dosage forms with potential advantages and disadvantages. Thus, the information presented in the article is aimed at optimizing the management of men with hypogonadism.
Endocrine disorders in the background of COVID-19 and postcovid syndrome
Authors: Klimchuk A. V. , Beloglazov V. A. , Yatskov I. A. , Dvoryanchikov Ya. V.
Published: September 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 virus that caused the 2019 new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to the global health system and scientific community. As of this literature review, the infection has claimed more than 6 million lives, and more than 500 million people worldwide have already been infected with SARS-CoV-2. In addition to the basic, pulmonary manifestations of the disease, as well as the severe, life-threatening complications of acute COVID-19, the long-term changes that occur in the postcovid period also affect other systems: endocrine, cardiovascular, nervous, and musculoskeletal. In this literature review, using data from current scientific publications obtained by searching «covid-19 endocrine disorders», «postcovid endocrine disorders» and «postcovid syndrome endocrine disorders» in the MEDLINE (PubMed) database and «endocrine pathology and covid-19», «postcovid and endocrine pathology» and «postcovid syndrome and endocrine disorders» in the e-Library database, we focused on describing and discussing the complications and consequences that SARS-CoV-2 infection can have on the endocrine glands, including the adrenals, thyroid, pituitary, gonads and pancreas.
The role of polymorphisms of PNPLA3, MBOAT7, and TM6SF2 in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Smirnova O. V. , Lagutinskaya D. V.
Published: September 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease currently affects more than 30% of the population. Recent studies highlight the role of genetic polymorphisms in genes associated with fat catabolism and anabolism in the manifestation of this condition and its progression. The work analyzes foreign publications on the molecular and biochemical aspects of these polymorphisms, as well as works studying their effect on the state of the liver and markers of its pathology over the past 10 years. Thus, polymorphisms of the PNPLA3, MBOAT7, and TM6SF2, affecting the functionality of the proteins they express, lead to a change in the metabolism of fatty acids in the liver, which in turn leads to the development of NAFLD and its progression. Despite the fact that the contribution of the rs738409 polymorphism of the PNPLA3 gene is well described both in foreign and Russian articles, polymorphisms of the MBOAT7 and TM6SF2 genes and their effect on NAFLD, as well as the molecular biochemical mechanisms underlying it, have been studied much worse in foreign studies and are little mentioned in Russian ones. In addition, the issue of the severity of the influence of the above polymorphisms on populations of different ethnic and age groups requires additional research. This work attempts to systematize the available data on these issues.
Possible Weight Regain Managements after Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Ardekani Mona Kamali , Lacy Vivienne A. , Eshghjoo Sahar , Anbara Taha
Published: September 2022

Obesity is an uprising trend across the world resulting in huge costs for healthcare systems and declines in the quality of life in patients. Bariatric surgery is one of the most effective approaches to weight loss. Although bariatric surgery can be considered as a minimally invasive approach it has a series of complications such as weight regain 1 to 4 years after surgery. Nonetheless, most patients achieve sufficient weight loss, but the other subjects with supervised strategies would be able to manage food intake and change problematic lifestyles to continue the weight loss process. In this review article, we aim to gather valuable interventions performed and reported by researchers to manage weight regain in bariatric patients. Weight regain is a multi-factorial condition owing to hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, physical inactivity, mental health disorders, problematic dietary behaviors, medical issues such as thyroid, adrenal, kidney, or heart problems, taking new medications, diabetes relapse, and pregnancy, as well as anatomic and surgical factors. Therefore, its remission needs interdisciplinary approaches.
Considerações e perspectivas sobre o desenvolvimento rural no Brasil
Authors: Dutra Alves Flamarion , Guiari Silva Correia Guilherme
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender as tendências do desenvolvimento rural no Brasil no século XXI. Para isso, foram analisadas 4 revistas científicas de Geografia Agrária, Sociologia Rural e Economia Rural, entre os anos de 2001 e 2020, que totalizou 101 artigos. Levou-se em consideração para a análise dos artigos, os atores sociais, os tipos de desenvolvimento rural, as dimensões de análise e os conceitos geográficos adotados sobre o desenvolvimento rural. Além disso, especializou-se as instituições que pesquisaram sobre desenvolvimento rural. A pesquisa apontou para uma forte tendência em discutir o Desenvolvimento Territorial Rural e o Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável como tipos de desenvolvimento para o campo. Quanto as dimensões do desenvolvimento rural, a dimensão política vai se destacar como a principal abordagem no estudo do espaço rural, e ainda destacar a agricultura familiar como os principais atores sociais para o desenvolvimento rural.
Injustiça ambiental e as lutas ecológicas no campo brasileiro
Authors: Jakimiu Camila Campos de Lara
Published: September 2022

Parte-se do pressuposto que a injustiça ambiental no campo brasileiro é inerente à formação da questão agrária e atualmente se manifesta com a territorialização do agronegócio. A injustiça ambiental é a condição de expropriação dos povos, o acesso negado aos bens da natureza, a imposição de riscos ambientais e o não reconhecimento cultural das populações que r-existem nos seus territórios de vida. O objetivo geral do artigo é evidenciar a potencialidade das lutas ecológicas no campo brasileiro frente à injustiça ambiental. O presente estudo adota os moldes da pesquisa teórico-bibliográfica de cunho qualitativo, sendo a área de abrangência a da Geografia Agrária e Geografia Socioambiental. Pode-se concluir que as lutas ecológicas no campo brasileiro são lutas emancipatórias, lutas pelo comum e lutas por justiça ambiental, feitas por diferentes grupos sociais que resistem e r-existem nos seus territórios e se estabelecem como defesa da vida frente à lógica expropriatória do capital.
Formação dos projetos de agricultura familiar com dendezeiro na Amazônia paraense
Authors: Nahum João Santos , Santos Cleison Bastos dos
Published: September 2022

O artigo analisa a formação do primeiro projeto de agricultura familiar de cultivo do dendezeiro do Brasil, no município de Moju(PA). Para tanto realizou-se revisão de literatura que tem por objeto os projetos do Arauaí para levantar dados, entrevistas e informações sobre como ocorreu a aquisição da área e formação dos projetos de agricultura familiar. Entrevistou-se moradores do lugar, cultivadores ou não do dendezeiro, bem como personagens que estão nos bastidores e na cena principal das ações políticas estruturantes do projeto, seja escolhendo a área, realizando as desapropriações, indenizações, apresentação do projeto e elaboração dos contratos de integração. O artigo clarifica os caminhos e descaminhos da associação entre espaço e política que tornou possível a estruturação do projeto piloto de agricultura familiar numa área, onde até o final da década de noventa do século passado não havia dendezal. Desde então, campos de dendezeiro substituíram as paisagens pretéritas. É essa arqueologia espacial que o leitor encontrará, mostrando como empresas, políticos locais, Estado, dentre outros criaram a maior experiência de agricultura familiar integrada ao dendezeiro do Brasil, que é o projeto Arauaí.
The Model of GDP Growth in ASEAN-4 Countries: Control of Corruption as an Intervening Variable
Authors: Tjandrasa Benny Budiawan , Dewi Vera Intanie
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze various macroeconomic factors that affect Gross Domestic Product growth in ASEAN-4 countries. The type of research is descriptive and explanatory. The research method used is the quantitative method. Based on the phenomenon, purposive sampling is used to determine the countries studied. Using secondary data, the panel data is formed from a combination of countries and a certain period of years. Multivariable regression is used to process panel data. The results show that inflation rate, political stability, and control of corruption have a significant effect on GDP growth. The novelty of this research is the new model of GDP growth in ASEAN-4 countries where control of corruption serves as an intervening variable that affects GDP growth. The findings suggest that to maintain an increase in GDP growth in this region, the governments should keep the inflation rate under control and continue striving to reduce corruption. Controlling the level of corruption can be done by maintaining the stability of the political situation and controlling the inflation rate.
KAJIAN EKSTRAKSI UNSUR DALAM IDENTIFIKASI TUTUPAN LAHAN BERBASIS LAYER STACKING INDEKS CITRA (STUDI KASUS : KECAMATAN WEDARIJAKSA, KABUPATEN PATI)
Authors: Suprayogi Andri , Sasmito Bandi
Published: September 2022

Citra satelit terdiri dari nilai piksel yang merupakan rekaman dari pantulan gelombang elektromagnetik dari unsur-unsur yang terdapat di permukaan bumi. Dalam pengolahan citra satelit, gambaran umum dari kondisi-kondisi di permukaan bumi secara tematik dapat diperoleh dalam bentuk indeks citra yang umumnya memiliki rentang antara -1 hingga 1. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan proses ekstraksi unsur dari citra satelit sentinel 2 dengan pendekatan klasifikasi tidak terbimbing. Jika pada umumnya klasifikasi tersebut dilakukan secara langsung dari kanal-kanal citra, maka dalam penelitian ini proses tersebut dilakukan pada hasil layer stacking citra indeks NDWI, CI, dan ARVI dari citra satelit sentinel 2. Penggabungan atau layer stacking pada indeks yang menghasilkan citra multi kanal menunjukkan peningkatan keseragaman pada bagian-bagian tertentu dari citra tersebut. Ditemukan bahwa populasi nilai korelasi spasial tinggi (>0.5) pada kombinasi antara NDWI dan CI adalah yang terbanyak dibandingkan kombinasi antara NDWI dan ARVI maupun antara CI dan ARVI. Hasil klasifikasi dari gabungan indeks secara umum lebih merata dimana kelima kelas memiliki populasi sedangkan pada klasifikasi citra visibel, dari lima kelas yang menjadi pengaturan awal proses pengelompokan, pada area studi hanya terbentuk tiga kelas sebagai keluarannya.
PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN PADA WILAYAH YANG DILALUI JALAN TOL
Authors: Prasetyo Septian Andi
Published: September 2022

Interaksi transportasi dan guna lahan telah banyak dikenal sebagai siklus transportasi dan guna lahan, di mana jalan dapat memicu perubahan guna lahan. Berbeda dengan jalan biasa, jalan tol menurut teori akan menumbuhkan kawasan baru dan mematikan kawasan lama. Setelah beroperasinya jalan tol Cipali hingga pintu tol Brebes Timur, aktivitas ekonomi jalur pantura Kabupaten Brebes dan Kabupaten Indramayu mengalami penurunan sedangkan di Kota Cirebon terus mengalami peningkatan. Penurunan dan peningkatan aktivitas ekonomi berpengaruh terhadap perubahan penggunaan lahan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan perubahan penggunaan lahan setelah beroperasinya jalan tol dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa setelah beroperasinya jalan tol, pada wilayah yang bukan merupakan tujuan pergerakan terdapat kawasan yang menurun aktivitas ekonominya sehingga terjadi perubahan penggunaan lahan dari fungsi perdagangan menjadi bangunan kosong dan terdapat kawasan tumbuh baru di mana di sekitar pintu tol menjadi fungsi perdagangan. Pada wilayah yang merupakan tujuan pergerakan aktivitas ekonomi terus meningkat sehingga terjadi perubahan penggunaan lahan dari lahan kosong dan permukiman menjadi fungsi perdagangan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perbedaan perubahan penggunaan lahan setelah beroperasinya jalan tol diantaranya adalah: (1) Kelengkapan dan jangkauan fasilitas wilayah; (2) Lokasi wisata; (3) Lokasi Geografis.
PEMANTAUAN KUALITAS PERAIRAN WADUK KEDUNG OMBO PERIODE 2013-2018 DENGAN CITRA LANDSAT-8 MULTITEMPORAL
Authors: Sukmono Abdi , Bashit Nurhadi , Rajagukguk Trevi Austin , Silalahi Ertha
Published: September 2022

Waduk Kedung Ombo adalah waduk yang terletak di perbatasan tiga kabupaten yaitu Kabupaten Grobongan, Kabupaten Boyolali, dan Kabupaten Sragen tepatnya di Kecamatan Geyer, Kabupaten Grobogan, Jawa tengah. Waduk Kedung Ombo mempunyai peran penting sebagai sumber perairan untuk berbagai keperluan. Namun seiring berjalannya waktu, Waduk Kedung Ombo mengalami penurunan kualitas dikarenakan permasalahan kondisi waduk serta permasalahan kawasan di sekitarnya. Permasalahan utama yang dialami Waduk Kedung Ombo adalah sedimentasi TSS yang tinggi dan berakibat juga adanya pencemaran kesuburan air pada peningkatan klorofil-a. Data Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup (2010) menyatakan bahwa Waduk Kedung Ombo mengalami penyusutan air hingga 42,67% dari volume air normal (723,16 juta m3). Data ini mempertegas Data Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum per Februari 2008 yang menyatakan volume ketersediaan air di Waduk Kedung Ombo hanya setengah dari yang direncanakan. Pemantauan tingkat kualitas perairan Waduk Kedung Ombo saat ini masih dilakukan dengan pengamatan sampel kualitas air secara uji laboratorium pada beberapa stasiun pengamatan. Teknik ini untuk bentangan wilayah yang cukup luas memerlukan waktu dan biaya yang cukup besar. Teknologi penginderaan jauh dapat memberikan solusi untuk pengamatan kualitas air pada bentangan daerah yang luas karena menggunakan citra satelit memiliki cara pemrosesan yang tidak rumit dan biaya yang cukup murah. Teknologi penginderaan jauh dapat mengindentifikasi dan menganalisis hasil perekaman karakteristik spektral air dengan parameter-parameter kualitas air. Dimana dengan menggunakan metode-metode yang tepat nantinya mampu menampilkan kualitas air Waduk Kedung Ombo sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Salah satu data citra satelit yang mampu dimanfaatkan adalah citra satelit Landsat-8. Pengamatan citra satelit Landsat-8 dengan algoritma TSS dan klorofil-a mampu memberikan informasi tentang perubahan kualitas air. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan kualitas perairan Waduk Kedung Ombo periode 2013-2018 masih memenuhi baku mutu pencemaran. Ini ditunjukkan dari nilai parameter TSS masih di dominasi kelas memenuhi baku mutu selalu diatas 95%  dari total perairan pada semua tahun dan dari parameter klorofil/kesuburan air masih didominasi kelas oligotrof selalu diatas 90 % dari total perairan pada semua tahun.
OPAK FAULT DEFORMATION MONITORING USING SENTINEL-1 INSAR DATA FROM 2016-2019 IN YOGYAKARTA INDONESIA
Authors: Dewanto Bondan Galih , Setiawan Mohamad Bagas , Nusantara Gilang Cahya
Published: September 2022

The 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake occurred at 05.55 West Indonesia Time, May 27, 2006 with a magnitude of Mw 5.9. The earthquake had a great trauma effect for the community, because there were many fatalities, around 6,000 people died. Therefore, it is very important to conduct research to determine the deformation that is currently happening around the Opak Fault. In this research, during 2016-2019, we collected products for Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) to measure the current fault deformation. The InSAR data was processed using LiCSBAS, a time series analysis kit of open-source SAR interferometry (InSAR) that integrates with the automated Sentinel-1 InSAR processor (LiCSAR). In the processing scheme for LiCSBAS, interferograms with many unwrapping errors are automatically detected and removed via loop closure. Reliable time series and velocities are extracted using several noise indices with the help of masking. The location of the Opak Fault can be detected clearly in the result because the deformation pattern around the fault is contrary different. The west of Opak Fault shows an uplift movement, while the deformation occurred in east area of the fault shows subsidence movement. Keywords : Opak Fault, Crustal Deformation, Sentinel-1 InSAR Data, LiCSBAS
PENDUGAAN POTENSI AIR TANAH DI DAERAH SUMBA TIMUR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN DATA CITRA SATELIT DAN GEOLISTRIK
Authors: Prabawa Septa Erik , Iswahyudi Ary , Warnana Dwa Desa
Published: September 2022

Telah dilakukan kajian pendugaan potensi air tanah di daerah Sumba Timur dengan menggunakan data citra satelit SRTM dan geolistrik tahanan jenis. Citra SRTM digunakan untuk analisa morfologi bentang alam sedangkan pengukuran geolistrik bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran litologi bawah permukaan tanah untuk mendapatkan potensi air tanah. Survei sebaran mata air dilakukan untuk menguatkan analisis data. Data SRTM menunjukkan morfologi bentang alam berupa dataran batugamping berundak mulai dari pantai di sisi Timur kearah Barat. Mata air ditemukan berada di kaki dataran berundak yang merupakan perpotongan topografi. Pengolahan data geolistrik menunjukkan bahwa susunan batuan bawah permukaan tanah daerah kajian terdiri dari batugamping terumbu yang merupakan anggota Formasi Kaliangga sebagai lapisan berpori pembawa air dan batupasir tufan anggota Formasi Kananggar sebagai lapisan kedap penahan air. Morfologi berupa perundakan batugamping di sebagian besar area kajian menjadikan keterdapatan mata air berada di kaki undak atau perpotongan topografi. Hal ini menguatkan dugaan bahwa air permukaan meresap kebawah menembus pori batugamping terumbu kemudian tertahan oleh batupasir tufan dan keluar sebagai mata air di perpotongan topografi. Hal ini konsisten dengan hasil pengukuran geolistrik yang menunjukkan dominasi batugamping terumbu di area kajian dan minimnya curah hujan menjadikan daerah kajian menjadi daerah kering.