bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Endogenous Polyamine Analysis via Capillary Electrophoresis/Mass Spectrometry: Characterization and Practical Considerations
Authors: Kaminsky Cameron J. , Mill Jericha , Raife Thomas , Li Lingjun
Published: December 2024

Commonly used analytical techniques for polyamine analysis, including derivatization and mixed‐mode liquid chromatography (LC), have inherent disadvantages. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is uniquely suited to analyze small, highly charged molecules because analytes are separated on the basis of their electrophoretic mobility, not polarity or association with a stationary phase. Microfluidic CE–mass spectrometry (mCE–MS) is a relatively recent addition to commercially available CE offerings that streamlines traditional CE–MS interfacing and has the potential to improve upon classic CE challenges to robustness and reproducibility. MS instrument choice and scanning parameters are strongly influenced by a need for high acquisition rate to adequately sample CE peaks. Alternatively, isotachophoresis on loading can be intentionally avoided to produce sufficiently wide peaks. The mCE platform utilized here performed very well in many metrics; a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.25 ng/mL was achieved for spermidine, and endogenous spermidine was easily detected in blood with this method. Both of these are challenging tasks for any separation technique and demonstrate a strong use case for the platform. During experimentation, various idiosyncrasies in the commercial CE–MS interface resulted in extensive chip‐to‐chip variability in both peak shape and LOD, complicating the application to robust absolute quantitation. Practical guidance for similar analyses is provided.
Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactors for Plasma‐Assisted CO2 and CH4 Conversion: A Comprehensive Review of Reactor Design, Performance, and Future Prospects
Authors: Ahasan Md Robayet , Hossain Md Monir , Wang Ruigang
Published: December 2024

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is a promising technology for catalysis due to its low‐temperature operation, cost‐effectiveness, and silent operation. This review comprehensively analyzes the design and operational parameters of DBD plasma reactors for three key catalytic applications: CH4 conversion, CO2 splitting, and dry reforming of methane (DRM). While catalyst selection is crucial for achieving desired product selectivity, reactor design and reaction parameters such as discharge power, electrode gap, reactor length, frequency, dielectric material thickness, and feed gas flow rate, significantly influence discharge characteristics and reaction mechanisms. This review also explores the influence of less prominent factors, such as electrode shape and applied voltage waveforms. Additionally, this review addresses the challenges of DBD plasma catalysis, including heat loss, temperature effects on discharge characteristics, and strategies for enhancing overall efficiency.
Assessment of the Effects of Intake Temperature and Injector Structure on the Combustion Characteristics of Direct‐Injection Spark‐Ignition Methanol Engines
Authors: Yang Tai , Wei Wu , Zhao Lun , Zhang Long , Ba Jin , Xie Ning
Published: December 2024

In this article, to address the issues of slower droplet evaporation and fuel mixing inhomogeneity caused by the high latent heat of vaporization of methanol, the effects of the number of nozzle holes and spray cone angle (θsca) on the combustion characteristics of a direct‐injection spark‐ignition methanol engine are numerically investigated at different intake temperatures (Tint) under constant injection pressures. In the results, it is indicated that the maximum‐indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) is 48.01% at 8 holes and a Tint of 328 K. Although the ITE at 298 K with 8 holes is 1.42% lower than 328 K, NOx emissions and ringing intensity (RI) are reduced by 90.46% and 90.61%, respectively. Simultaneously, emissions of CO, hydrocarbon (HC), Soot, unburned methanol, and formaldehyde remain at a low level. Second, there exists an optimal θsca at different holes, thus obtaining the best fuel economy and emissions. The maximum ITE is 48.1% at 8 holes and a θsca of 26°. Finally, under the same energy input and parameter, compared with the diesel engine of the optimal start of injection, the ITE of the optimized methanol engine is increased by 1.65%, and the RI, NOx, HC, CO, and Soot emissions are reduced by 98.58%, 77.85%, 99.35%, 85.71%, and 78.38%, respectively.
Modeling Anisotropy and Non‐Stationarity Through Physics‐Informed Spatial Regression
Authors: Tomasetto Matteo , Arnone Eleonora , Sangalli Laura M.
Published: December 2024

Many spatially dependent phenomena that are of interest in environmental problems are characterized by strong anisotropy and non‐stationarity. Moreover, the data are often observed over regions with complex conformations, such as water bodies with complicated shorelines or regions with complex orography. Furthermore, the distribution of the data locations may be strongly inhomogeneous over space. These issues may challenge popular approaches to spatial data analysis. In this work, we show how we can accurately address these issues by spatial regression with differential regularization. We model the spatial variation by a Partial Differential Equation (PDE), defined upon the considered spatial domain. This PDE may depend upon some unknown parameters that we estimate from the data through an appropriate profiling estimation approach. The PDE may encode some available problem‐specific information on the considered phenomenon, and permit a rich modeling of anisotropy and non‐stationarity. The performances of the proposed approach are compared to competing methods through simulation studies and real data applications. In particular, we analyze rainfall data over Switzerland, characterized by strong anisotropy, and oceanographic data in the Gulf of Mexico, characterized by non‐stationarity due to the Gulf Stream.
How to Enhance Resilience Against the Adverse Effects of Climate Change: Evidence from Boro Rice Farmers in Northeast Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Md. Rashid
Published: December 2024

Boro rice cultivation in the Haor (wetland) environment of northeastern Bangladesh is extremely vulnerable to flash floods. This study examines how flash floods in the Haor region affect crop income and household food consumption. For this research, household‐level data were generated from the “Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS) 2018‐19,” which is a nationwide dataset of 5604 households across 64 districts of the country. However, this paper represents a sample of 428 farm households in six Haor‐concentrated districts (Sunamganj, Sylhet, Habiganj, Maulvibazar, Kishoreganj, and Netrakona) of northeastern Bangladesh. These districts were selected based on the climate shock data (damaged Boro land due to flash floods) from the “Yearbook of Agricultural Statistics‐2018.” Descriptive results uncover that in 2017, flash floods inundated about one‐third of the standing Boro rice lands of Haor farmers. This study employed simultaneous quantile regression, which reveals flash floods extensively decrease crop income. Nevertheless, a male‐headed and educated family, a larger farm, and livestock asset availability in the household are the pivotal determinants that protect crop income. Moreover, flash floods negatively impact the consumption of home‐produced food, but the consumption of purchased food remains unaffected. Notably, possession of farmlands and livestock assets encourages food consumption from own production, while household access to credit enhances consumption of purchased food. Livestock‐raising households could increase their consumption of self‐produced food, increase their agricultural income, and be more resilient to climatic shocks. Hence, this study emphasizes the policy intervention that prioritizes the upbringing of livestock assets in farm households. In addition, policy‐enhancing farmers' credit access is crucial for smoothing their purchased food consumption and mitigating the adverse effects of climatic events. Therefore, livestock assets and credit availability in farm households are profoundly resilient against the adverse effects of climatic shocks in northeastern Bangladesh.
Analysis of the Influence of the Soret Number on Axisymmetric Flow Through the Application of the Successive Linearization Technique
Authors: Pramod Kumar P. , Malga Bala Siddulu , Appidi Lakshmi , Mangamma Ch. , Sridevi M. , Ravi P. S.
Published: December 2024

This study presents a mathematical model that delineates the radially expanding axisymmetric discharge of an electrically conductive fluid over a surface, taking into account the effects of the Soret number. The dynamics of the flow are examined as the surface experiences exponential radial expansion. To transform the governing nonlinear partial differential equations into standard derivative forms, similarity transformations are applied. The flow dynamics are further investigated using the Successive Linearization Method. To achieve accurate solutions that converge effectively to the complete numerical solution, the Chebyshev spectral method is employed to solve the resulting linear system. Previous research is cited to support the findings related to the distribution of velocity, temperature, and concentration, emphasizing the convergence and accuracy of the solution while considering the influence of various fluid parameters.
Identification of quinclorac‐resistant smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum) population in Alabama
Authors: Rutland Claudia Ann , Johnson Bridgette C. , Patel Jinesh , McCurdy James D. , Wilber Amy , McElroy J. Scott
Published: December 2024

Quinclorac is a synthetic auxin herbicide that possesses a grass‐in‐grass selectivity for controlling several troublesome grassy weeds in cool‐season and several warm‐season species. Digitaria is considered one of the most problematic weeds in turf, and potential resistance to quinclorac in species like smooth crabgrass (D. ischaemum) confounds this issue. A potential resistant smooth crabgrass population, referred to as “AL_R1,” was identified at the Auburn University Sports Surface Field Laboratory, and a subsequent dose‐response experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to confirm its resistance status with comparison to a known susceptible population, “AL_S1.” AL_R1 was deemed resistant based on comparison to a known susceptible as no resistant populations were controlled 55% at the highest rate.
Evaluation of the Neuroprotective Effects of Idebenone in an Experimental Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Model
Authors: Karakus Hulya , Bulbul Ozlem , Kulaber Ali , Yaman Huseyin , Pasli Sinan , Imamoglu Melih , Karaca Yunus , Yenilmez Engin , Ozer Vildan
Published: December 2024

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is among the main causes of poisoning‐related mortality and morbidity, primarily affecting the central nervous system and leading to delayed neurological sequelae. Idebenone exerts antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the specific neuroprotective effects of idebenone against CO poisoning. Forty female Wistar Albino rats were used in this study. Except the controls, the other rats inhaled 5000 ppm CO until a change in consciousness was observed. Rats with carboxyhemoglobin concentrations over 20% in blood samples collected from the tail vein were considered successful acute CO poisoning models. The rats were divided into five groups: healthy control (HC; group 1), CO + saline (CO‐S; group 2), CO + 100 mg/kg idebenone (CO‐I100; group 3), CO + 200 mg/kg idebenone (CO‐I200; group 4), and CO + 300 mg/kg idebenone (CO‐I300; group 5). Pre‐determined doses of idebenon were orally administered to the rats at 24‐h intervals for 5 days. The rats were anesthetized and sacrificed 24 h after the last drug dose. Histopathological and biochemical parameters were examined in the blood and hippocampus samples of the rats. Histopathological grading of neurons in the hippocampus revealed that the CO‐S group exhibited the highest number of grade 1, 2, and 3 degenerative cells (all p = 0.001). Apoptotic index was the highest in the CO‐S group and significantly low in the idebenone‐treated groups (p = 0.001). Neuron‐specific enolase and malondialdehyde levels and oxidative stress index were significantly lower in both the hippocampus and serum samples of the idebenone‐treated groups than in those of the CO‐S group (all p values = 0.001). Overall, idebenone inhibited degeneration due to CO‐induced brain damage and exerted neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress in rats.
Toward Efficient Hydrogen Generation Using Nickel‐Molybdenum Catalyst and Its Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Sarfraz Sadaf , Khan Nasir , Zahra Manzar , Shah Khizar Hussain , Javed Mohsin , Zidan Ammar , Bahadur Ali , Iqbal Shahid , Mahmood Sajid , Farouk Abd‐ElAziem , Aloufi Salman
Published: December 2024

In this study, a catalyst with Ni‐Mo combination was synthesized using the electric heating/reductive tempering method. Nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate and ammonium molybdate were combined in a ratio of 1.1 in this approach. The mixture was milled into a fine powder. It was heated to 950°C to 1000°C in a seething hood. The disappearance of green shading and emission of brownish‐yellow fumes indicated that the reaction was completed. XRD has been used to determine the crystallinity of the combined Ni‐Mo amalgam, SEM was used to investigate the surface morphology of the orchestrated Ni‐Mo compound, and inductively coupled plasma examinations were carried out to evaluate elemental percentage (%) of the integrated sample of Ni‐Mo combination. In addition, an electrical impedance analysis of as‐synthesized Ni‐Mo alloy was conducted to estimate hydrogen production in an electrochemical reaction. The electrical impedance results indicate that the synthesized Ni‐Mo catalyst exhibited an efficient charge‐transfer kinetics with a low charge‐transfer resistance (5.35 Ω). The onset potential value achieved was 18 mV with overpotential of −100 mV in IM KOH, possessing a turnover frequency of 0.91H2 s−1. These findings underscore Ni‐Mo catalyst as a promising catalyst for hydrogen generation studies. The results of this study are anticipated to be of potential significant importance in providing a cost‐effective approach towards the synthesis of Ni‐bimetallic catalyst, which in the future can serve as a promising candidate for applications involving sustainable hydrogen generation. Additionally, the proposed method's study of its greenness using the Analytical Greenness Calculator (AGREE) can help advance the usage of renewable and environmentally friendly energy sources.
Comparison of ex vivo lesion formation for two adjacent radiofrequency applications with very high‐power short‐duration in various inter‐lesion times
Authors: Hanaki Yuichi , Komatsu Yuki , Iioka Yuto , Ishizu Tomoko , Nogami Akihiko
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives

Very high‐power and short‐duration (vHPSD) ablation with QDOT MICRO™ facilitates speedy and safe ablation for pulmonary vein isolation. A brief time interval between ablating two neighboring sites with vHPSD may potentially influence the size and geometry of the lesions. This study evaluates lesion formation when delivering adjacent applications using vHPSD at various inter‐lesion times (ILTs).

Methods

Radiofrequency applications were conducted by QDOT MICRO™ catheter with 90 W of strength and 4 s duration. Fresh swine heart tissue on the epicardium was ablated with 10 g of the contact force. Lesions were created using a single application (SA) and double applications (DA) of adjacent lesions with a 6 mm distance between them as measured on the 3D mapping system. The DA was performed with various ILTs, 60 s (DA‐60 s), 10 s (DA‐10 s), 5 s (DA‐5 s), and 0 s (DA‐0 s).

Results

Out of 90 lesions, 79 were analyzed. Eleven lesions were excluded for one steam pop event, seven out of the target distance, and three divided lesions of two applications. There were no significant differences in surface diameter, cross‐sectional diameter, and maximal lesion depth in each application among the groups. The intermediate lesion depth was significantly more profound in groups with shorter and immediate ILT (DA‐10, 5, and 0 s) compared to the group with a prolonged ILT between two applications (DA‐60 s) (2.99, 3.03, 3.16 mm vs. 2.42 mm, respectively; p < .001).

Conclusions

Two adjacent radiofrequency applications with vHPSD in short ILT may result in deeper lesions in the middle of combined double lesions.
Aortic velocity measurements derived from phase‐contrast MRI are influenced by a cardiac implantable electronic device in both adult and pediatric human subjects
Authors: Yang Huili , Aboyewa Oluyemi B. , Webster Gregory , Shah Dhaivat , Golestanirad Laleh , Baraboo Justin J. , Markl Michael , Collins Jeremy D. , Knight Bradley P. , Hong KyungPyo , Patel Amit R. , Lee Daniel C. , Kim Daniel
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Overall there is a lack of evidence on the accuracy and precision of phase‐contrast (PC) MRI in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). The purpose of this study is to determine whether aortic velocity measurements are influenced by a CIED.

Methods

We scanned 21 adult patients and 8 pediatric volunteers using clinical standard PC and real‐time PC (rt‐PC) sequences with and without a CIED generator taped on human subjects (below the left clavicle for adults and children; also on the abdomen for children) to mimic image artifacts. Peak and mean velocities above the aortic valve were calculated.

Results

The Bland–Altman analyses on peak velocity measurements in pediatric subjects showed that both the accuracy and precision worsen as the distance between the CIED and aortic valve decreases (i.e., from abdomen to below the left clavicle). Specifically, both the bias and the coefficient of variation (CV) for both clinical PC and rt‐PC increased from the abdominal position (clinical: bias = −1.1%, CV = 4.3%; rt‐PC: bias = −0.3%, CV = 3.4%) to the clavicle position (clinical: bias = −4.0%, CV = 8.1%; rt‐PC: bias = 8.2%, CV = 7.3%). A similar trend was observed for mean velocity. The mean difference in peak and mean velocity measurements between rt‐PC with CIED (either position) and clinical standard PC with no CIED was within 7.5%. In adult patients, the mean difference between rt‐PC with CIED and clinical standard PC with CIED in peak velocity was 6.9%, and the CV was 7.9%.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that aortic velocity measurements are influenced by CIED in both adult and pediatric subjects.
A Review on Leaching of Spent Lithium Battery Cathode Materials Adopting Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Li Chongyu , Jin Jianjiao , Yuan Zhang , Zhang Chenyun , Wu Liangqin , Wang Chu
Published: December 2024

As a result of the swift surge in the adoption of electric vehicles, the quantity of spent lithium‐ion power batteries has been growing at an exponential rate. Improper handling of these batteries can lead to the waste of strategic metal resources and pose risks to the environment and human health. Without doubt, it is essential to scientifically recover and reuse these spent power batteries, particularly by recovering positive electrode materials. Currently, there are several methods for recovering positive electrode materials, including pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, bioleaching, and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) leaching. This review concetrated on the emerging technology of DESs leaching for positive electrode materials in spent lithium‐ion battery. It provided an overview of the latest advancements in DESs leaching, considering factors such as acidity, reducibility, and coordination of DESs. The current technical status was analyzed and discussed, while also addressing the challenges and prospects for the development of DESs recovery in spent Li‐ion power batteries. This work aims to offer practical guidance and serve as a foundation for additional studies and widespread implementation of DESs leaching for positive electrode materials.
Stress and Coping Experiences of Turkish University Students During COVID‐19: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Aracı‐İyiaydın Ayşegül , Çok Figen , Altunay‐Yılmaz Hilal , Atay Şafak , Serttaş Şebnem Yağmur
Published: December 2024

The present qualitative study aims to reveal the lived experiences of 20 Turkish university students (10 male, 10 female) regarding their stress factors and how they coped with challenges faced during the first 3 months of the lockdown period amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic. The participants, aged between 19 and 24, were recruited from different state and private universities employing convenience and snowball sampling methods. Grounded in a descriptive phenomenological approach, inductive content analysis (ICS) was employed. The data were collected via in‐depth interviews in May 2020, and analyzed by using Nvivo. The findings showed that the experiences of the participants gathered around five main themes namely, general impact on daily life, impact on various life domains, coping strategies, contributions, and post‐pandemic future. Participants reported their concerns regarding disruptions in daily life and routines caused by precautionary measures, and their expectations as to post‐pandemic life as well. Various adaptive also maladaptive coping strategies were adopted. Notably, participants appraised the pandemic process as an improving experience attributing this to having more spare time for themselves and an increase in their self‐awareness. Findings are discussed in light of the available literature.
Dry needling in people with fibromyalgia: A randomized controlled trial of its effects on pain sensitivity and pain catastrophizing influence
Authors: Vicente‐Mampel J. , Bautista I. J. , Salvat I. , Maroto‐Izquierdo S. , Lluch Girbés E. , Ros Bernal F.
Published: December 2024

Background

Dry needling (DN) has been demonstrated as an effective treatment for patients with fibromyalgia (FM). It is crucial to take into consideration catastrophizing, a psychological construct that could potentially undermine the short‐term efficacy of DN.

Objective

To analyze the effects of DN in the infraspinatus muscle on both local and remote pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) and its relationship with baseline levels of pain catastrophizing in patients with FM.

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Methods

All participants were randomly assigned to one of three interventions: DN, sham DN, and no intervention. Hong's fast‐in and fast‐out technique was implemented during the DN intervention.

Main Outcomes Measures

The primary study outcome pain sensitivity (local and remote PPTs) was assessed at baseline, immediately post, and 24 h post intervention to evaluate short‐term effect. Pain catastrophizing was measured at baseline in all participants using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. To analyze the effect of DN on local and remote PPTs, an analysis of covariance was performed using catastrophism as covariate. Additionally, to examine the possible influence of catastrophism on local PPTs ratings in the subsequent assessment we performed a moderation analysis.

Patients

A total of 120 women diagnosed with FM. However, during the follow‐up period, 24 participants discontinued their involvement, leaving a final cohort of 96 patients who successfully concluded the study.

Results

DN showed significant differences in both local PPTs immediately post intervention and 24 h post intervention (MD [95% confidence interval] = 3.21 [0.40–6.02] kg/cm2, p = .019; and 2.84 [0.10–5.58] kg/cm2, p = .039, respectively) compared to sham and no‐intervention groups. In addition, DN group results suggest that moderate values of catastrophizing (<35) diminish the effect of DN immediately postintervention.

Conclusions

The infraspinatus DN led to a notable reduction in local PPTs among individuals with FM. Additionally, the effectiveness of the DN treatment was influenced by pain catastrophizing.
Testing the Ce Limit of Mass Bias Correction Using 145Nd/142Nd as Normalizing Ratio in Radiogenic Neodymium Isotope Analysis by MC‐ICP‐MS
Authors: Struve Torben , Zander Martin , Pahnke Katharina
Published: December 2024

Rationale

Neodymium isotopes are a powerful geochemical tool that has widely been used in terrestrial and extraterrestrial studies. Modern multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers (MC‐ICP‐MS) allow fast, accurate, and precise analysis of the radiogenic Nd isotope ratio 143Nd/144Nd. These analyses comprise relatively high instrumental mass bias that is typically corrected for using the stable 146Nd/144Nd of 0.7219 and an exponential law. The instrument is usually tuned to optimize the operating conditions for isotope analysis, but this tuning is a trade‐off primarily between signal intensity, stability, and accuracy. Alternative, more effective approaches for mass bias correction have been proposed that use 145Nd/142Nd as normalizing ratio. However, one drawback of using this ratio is that the efficient removal of Ce from Nd is required to minimize the effect of isobaric interference of 142Ce on 142Nd.

Methods

Here, we analyzed international Nd and rock reference materials using a Thermo Scientific Neptune Plus MC‐ICP‐MS to evaluate the sensitivity of 145Nd/142Nd‐based mass bias correction to varying Ce/Nd and in comparison with the commonly used 146Nd/144Nd‐based correction.

Results

Our results show that the corrected 143Nd/144Nd of Ce‐doped JNdi‐1 and Ce‐containing USGS BCR‐2, NOD‐A‐1, and NOD‐P‐1 reference materials are insensitive to Ce/Nd of up to ~1.

Conclusions

The correction of instrumental mass bias with 145Nd/142Nd as a normalizing ratio yields, as previously suggested, improved trueness and precision of 143Nd/144Nd data in comparison with 146Nd/144Nd‐based corrections, even under high Ce/Nd of ~1. This allows improved optimization of signal intensity during instrument tuning, which is particularly useful for natural samples with low Nd content. [Correction added on 10 December 2024, after first online publication: The Results and Conclusions in Abstract has been corrected in this version.]
Resilience, Stress, and Mental Health Among University Students: A Test of the Resilience Portfolio Model
Authors: Fang Shichen , Barker Erin , Arasaratnam Gaya , Lane Victoria , Rabinovich Debora , Panaccio Alexandra , O'Connor Roisin M. , Nguyen Cat Tuong , Doucerain Marina M.
Published: December 2024

In recent years, post‐secondary students' mental health has become an important public health concern. However, studies examining protective factors of mental health among students and during challenging times are limited. Guided by the strength‐based Resilience Portfolio Model and following a group of undergraduates (N = 1004) throughout the 2020/2021 academic year, this study examined multiple domains of resilience internal assets and external resources and simultaneously tested multiple protective mechanisms for student mental health using structural equation modelling. Results provided support for insulating effects: both internal assets such as emotion regulation and external recourses such as social network supportiveness and cultural fit in university (i.e., perceived congruity between students' personal and cultural selves and their university environment) were associated with reducing academic stress which in turn promoted student mental health at the end of the academic year. There was also support for additive effects: greater cultural fit in university was also directly related to better end‐of‐year student mental health. As cultural fit in university was associated both directly and indirectly with student mental health, creating an inclusive university community may help reduce student academic stress, lower student psychological distress and improve student subjective well‐being.
Molecular Probe for Specific Recognition of TKX‐50: ‘Luminescence‐ON’ Response and its Integration to a Smart Device for Surveillance
Authors: Bej Somnath , Dutta Sourav , Pasha Sheik Saleem , Dey Anik Kumar , Roy Debmalya , Kandoth Noufal , Khilari Nripen , Koley Debashis , Pramanik Sumit Kumar , Das Amitava
Published: December 2024

In response to the growing concerns about the unauthorized use of advanced secondary explosives such as TKX‐50 against non‐combatant targets, there is an urgent need for effective detection methods or techniques to ensure efficient security screening, homeland security, and public safety. Herein, a new polymeric receptor (IV) derived from functionalized tetraphenylethylene moiety (TPE) and 1,3,5‐tris(4‐aminophenyl)benzene (TAPB)  moieties for the efficient detection of TKX‐50 through a ‘switch ON’ luminescence response upon specific binding to the explosive, is reported. The observed ‘luminescence ON’ response is rationalized based on a charge transfer complex formation between TKX‐50 and the polymeric receptor IV (Ka = 1.7 × 104 m−1). This is validated by the steady and excited‐state luminescence studies, along with detailed computational studies. The authors’ presumptions are further validated with adequate control studies using an appropriate monomeric derivative (III) of TPE. Moreover, this ‘luminescence ON’ response can be integrated into a smart and user‐friendly Internet of Things (IoT)‐based prototype device. This device can effectively convert optical responses into digital output to develop an optical device for real‐time detection of TKX‐50 in solution. This lightweight, portable device is ideally suited for remote surveillance and monitoring of TKX‐50; such examples are rare in contemporary literature.
A Molecular Catalyst‐Driven Sustainable Zinc‐Air Battery Assembly
Authors: Saha Sukanta , Mitra Sampurna , Kharwar Yashwant Pratap , Annadata Harshini V. , Roy Soumyabrata , Dutta Arnab
Published: December 2024

Bidirectional oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts are key for molecular oxygen‐centric renewable energy transduction via metal‐air batteries. Here, a molecular cobalt complex is covalently tethered on a strategically functionalized silica surface that displayed both ORR and OER in alkaline media. The detailed X‐ray absorbance spectroscopy (XAS) studies indicate that this catalyst retains its intrinsic molecular features while playing a central role during bidirectional electrocatalysis and demonstrating a relatively lower energy gap between O2/H2O interconversions. This robust molecular catalyst‐silica composite (deposited on a porous carbon paper) is assembled along with a zinc foil and polymeric gel membrane to devise an active single‐stack quasi‐solid zinc‐air battery (ZAB) setup. This quasi‐solid ZAB assembly displayed impressive power density (60 mW cm−2@100 mA cm−2), specific capacity (818 mAh g−1@ 5mA cm−2), energy density (757 Whkg−1 @5mA cm−2), and elongated charging/discharging life (28 h). An appropriate assembly of these ZAB units is able to power practical electronic appliances, requiring ≈1.6‐6.0V potential requirements.
European guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: UEG, EPC, EDS, ESPEN, ESPGHAN, ESDO, and ESPCG evidence‐based recommendations
Authors: Dominguez‐Muñoz J. Enrique , Vujasinovic Miroslav , de la Iglesia Daniel , Cahen Djuna , Capurso Gabriele , Gubergrits Natalya , Hegyi Peter , Hungin Pali , Ockenga Johann , Paiella Salvatore , Perkhofer Lukas , Rebours Vinciane , Rosendahl Jonas , Salvia Roberto , Scheers Isabelle , Szentesi Andrea , Bonovas Stefanos , Piovani Daniele , Löhr J. Matthias ,   European PEI Multidisciplinary Group
Published: December 2024

Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is defined as a reduction in pancreatic exocrine secretion below the level that allows the normal digestion of nutrients. Pancreatic disease and surgery are the main causes of PEI. However, other conditions and upper gastrointestinal surgery can also affect the digestive function of the pancreas. PEI can cause symptoms of nutritional malabsorption and deficiencies, which affect the quality of life and increase morbidity and mortality. These guidelines were developed following the United European Gastroenterology framework for the development of high‐quality clinical guidelines. After a systematic literature review, the evidence was evaluated according to the Oxford Center for Evidence‐Based Medicine and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology, as appropriate. Statements and comments were developed by the working groups and voted on using the Delphi method. The diagnosis of PEI should be based on a global assessment of symptoms, nutritional status, and a pancreatic secretion test. Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT), together with dietary advice and support, are the cornerstones of PEI therapy. PERT is indicated in patients with PEI that is secondary to pancreatic disease, pancreatic surgery, or other metabolic or gastroenterological conditions. Specific recommendations concerning the management of PEI under various clinical conditions are provided based on evidence and expert opinions. This evidence‐based guideline summarizes the prevalence, clinical impact, and general diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PEI, as well as the specifics of PEI in different clinical conditions. Finally, the unmet needs for future research are discussed.
Introduction: Neuro, Psychiatry, Ethics and Law
Authors: Schleim Stephan
Published: December 2024

The introduction explains how the brain became the focus of scientific attention as early as the nineteenth century, but then increasingly since the 1980s. Before we relate this to moral and legal issues, we first look at the development of biological or neuropsychiatry. Using real case studies, we will learn how people and their brains need to be seen in a psychosocial context. In particular, Nancy Andreasen's view that mental disorders are caused by “broken brains” is problematized. Finally, the emergence of neuroethics and neurolaw since the turn of the millennium is described and the issues that are relevant to these disciplines are discussed.
The Brain and the Law
Authors: Schleim Stephan
Published: December 2024

After an introduction to the general topics of neurolaw, this chapter will focus in particular on the concept of criminal responsibility. We will see that not the concept of causation, but knowledge and conscious control are central to this. This corresponds to a notion of minimal rationality of people. These criteria are then applied to the free will debate and frequently cited cases of brain damage in the nineteenth to twenty-first centuries. This analysis shows that the existing psycho-behavioral criteria are ideally supplemented by neuroscientific methods, but certainly cannot be replaced for the time being.
On the asymptotic density of states in solvable models of strings
Authors: Canneti Tommaso
Published: December 2024

Abstract

We present a closed formula for the asymptotic density of states for a class of solvable superstring models on curved backgrounds. The result accounts for the effects of the curvature of the target space in a concise way.
Positivity bounds in scalar Effective Field Theories at one-loop level
Authors: Ye Yunxiao , He Bin , Gu Jiayin
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Parameters in an effective field theory can be subject to certain positivity bounds if one requires a UV completion that obeys the fundamental principles of quantum field theory. These bounds are relatively straightforward at the tree level, but would become more obscure when loop effects are important. Using scalar theories as examples, we carefully exam the positivity bounds in a case where the leading contribution to a forward elastic amplitude arises at the one-loop level, and point out certain subtleties in terms of the implications of positivity bounds on the theory parameter space. In particular, the one-loop generated dimension-8 operator coefficients (that would be positive if generated at the tree level), as well as their β-functions are generally not subject to positivity bounds as they might correspond to interference terms of the cross sections under the optical theorem, which could have either sign. A strict positivity bound can only be implied when all contributions at the same loop order are considered, including the ones from dim-4 and dim-6 operator coefficients, which have important effects at the one-loop level. Our results may have important implications on the robustness of experimental tests of positivity bounds.
Framing fermionic Wilson loops in ABJ(M)
Authors: Bianchi Marco S. , Castiglioni Luigi , Penati Silvia , Tenser Marcia , Trancanelli Diego
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Framing plays a central role in the evaluation of Wilson loops in theories with Chern-Simons actions. In pure Chern-Simons theory, it guarantees topological invariance, while in theories with matter like ABJ(M), our theory of interest, it is essential to enforce the cohomological equivalence of different BPS Wilson loops. This is the case for the 1/6 BPS bosonic and the 1/2 BPS fermionic Wilson loops, which have the same expectation value when computed as matrix model averages from localization. This equivalence holds at framing $$ \mathfrak{f} $$
f
= 1, which has so far been a challenge to implement in perturbative evaluations. In this paper, we compute the expectation value of the 1/2 BPS fermionic circle of ABJ(M) theory up to two loops in perturbation theory at generic framing. This is achieved by a careful analysis of fermionic Feynman diagrams, isolating their framing dependent contributions and evaluating them in point-splitting regularization using framed contours. Specializing our result to $$ \mathfrak{f} $$
f
= 1 we recover exactly the matrix model prediction, thus realizing for the first time a direct perturbative check of localization for this operator. We also generalize our computation to the case of a multiply wound circle, again matching the corresponding matrix model prediction.
Safety and efficacy of different transplant kidney biopsy techniques: comparison of two different coaxial techniques and needle types
Authors: Li Dan , Syriani Dona Aboud , Gupta Saloni , Hui James , Hanley Jason , Sayre James , Tse Gary , Hao Frank , Bahrami Simin , Felker Ely , Douek Michael , Lu David , McWilliams Justin , Raman Steven
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Percutaneous ultrasound-guided renal biopsy is essential for diagnosing medical renal disorders in transplant kidneys. A variety of techniques have been advocated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two different coaxial techniques and biopsy devices.

Methods

This single-center dual-arm, observation study cohort included 1831 consecutive transplant kidney biopsies performed over a 68-month period. Two coaxial techniques were used, distinguished by whether the 17 gauge (G) coaxial needle was advanced into the renal cortex (intracapsular technique; IC) or to the edge of the cortex (extracapsular technique; EC). One of two needle types could be used with either technique: an 18G side-cutting (Bard Max-Core or Mission) or an 18G end-cutting (Biopince Ultra) needle. In all cases, the cortical tangential technique was used to reduce the risk of central artery transgression and unnecessary medullary sampling. Patients were monitored for 30 days post-procedurally and complications were evaluated using the SIR adverse event classification.

Results

Of the 1831 patients included in the study cohort, 13 suffered severe bleeding complications requiring operative intervention. Of these patients, 8 underwent biopsy with side-cutting needle and IC, 2 with side-cutting needle and approach not specified, 2 with end-cutting needle and IC, and 1 with end-cutting needle and EC. There was no statistically significant difference in the risk of bleeding complications between different coaxial techniques and needle types. However, there was a significantly increased chance of inadequate sampling when comparing the side-cutting needle (1.0%) to the end-cutting needle (0.1%).

Conclusions

Transplant kidney biopsy performed with two different coaxial techniques and needle types did not show differences in bleeding complications. There is an increased risk of inadequate sampling when using side-cutting relative to end-cutting biopsy devices.
Integrated Water Resource Management under Ecosystem Services Approach—The Chimulala Micro-watershed, Peru
Authors: Cifuentes-Herrera Luisa Fernanda , Romero-Duque Luz Piedad , Núñez Oscar Eduardo Angulo , Trilleras Jenny Maritza
Published: December 2024

This study evaluates the sociocultural valuation of ecosystem services (ES) within the Chimulala micro-watershed, Peru, to inform Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM). Using surveys and focus groups, we gathered data from 35 stakeholders (11 institutional and 24 local actors) to assess perceptions, orientations, and anticipated changes regarding 15 identified ES. A land cover map was developed to support an expert-led ES assessment, categorizing capacity levels across different land types. Results showed unanimous agreement on the vital importance of the water supply service, with local actors identifying and valuing a broader array of ES than institutional counterparts. Multiple correspondence analysis highlighted differences in ES recognition between stakeholder groups, revealing that local actors ascribed greater importance to cultural and regulatory ES, while institutional actors prioritized provisioning services. Conflicts were identified regarding responsibilities for changes in ES provision, with local communities attributing threats primarily to mining, while institutional actors cited land use changes. This research underscores the value of sociocultural ES assessments in bridging divergent perspectives and enhancing the participatory foundation of IWRM, ultimately aiding in the design of inclusive, resilient water management policies.
Grenzen verschiedener Betriebssysteme und Endgeräte überwinden durch neuartiges Desktop-as-a-Service
Authors: Atanassov Alexander , Baun Christian , Bouché Johannes
Published: December 2024

Die neuartige und freie Lösung DESIGN realisiert einen modernen Desktop-as-a-Service (DaaS), der den Betrieb unmodifizierter Linux/Windows-Anwendungen ermöglicht und durch den Verzicht auf eine spezielle Client-Software keine Änderungen am lokalen Client erfordert. Die Interaktion mit DESIGN und die Nutzung der integrierten Anwendungen geschehen vollständig über den Browser. Dieser Artikel stellt das moderne Architektur- und Nutzungskonzept des DaaS vor, beschreibt im Detail die Integration verschiedener Funktionen wie persistente Datenhaltung, Drucken oder Sound und erläutert deren charakteristische Performanceaspekte.
Novel small fragment removal system may improve extraction of renal calculi: an in vitro study
Authors: Lazarus John , Wellman Mark , Wulfsberg Jørgen , Ceccato Tommaso , John Jeff
Published: December 2024

Objective

To describe a novel Small Fragment Removal System (SFRS) which is hypothesized to improve stone fragment removal during flexible ureteroscopy in patients with urolithiasis. The SFRS consists of three parts: a Syphon Ureteric Access Sheath (SUAS), a Dual Action Pump (DAP) and an Agitator. This bench assessment aims to assess the SFRS’s impact on intra-renal pressure (IRP), irrigant flow rate and stone fragment removal compared to a traditional UAS.

Materials and methods

A validated phantom kidney and fibre optic pressure sensor was used to assess IRP. Standardized irrigation via a flexible ureterorenoscope was instilled through a traditional UAS and compared to the novel SFRS. Both were 11/13Fr in size. Measured minute volume, IRP and percentage of stone fragments removed were compared.

Results

The mean IRP using a traditional UAS and SFRS was 24,3mmHg and 9,4mmHg respectively. The flow rate of the traditional UAS was 25mL/min, compared to 31mL/min with the SFRS attached. During bolus fluid administration using the traditional UAS the maximum IRP increased to 41mmHg, compared to 9,3mmHg with the SFRS attached. A mean of 42,7% (0,103 g of 0,305 g) of weighed dry stones were removed with the traditional UAS compared to 77,6% (0,233 g of 0,299 g) with the SFRS attached, p = 0,017.

Conclusions

The described Small Fragment Removal System (SFRS) is different from traditional UASs by incorporating a syphoning mechanism. In addition, it has a Dual Action Pump which both boluses and augments the aspiration of irrigant by the Syphon. It further includes a deflectable Agitator to flush out stone fragments.
Improving the accuracy of the Newmark method through backward error analysis
Authors: Takács Donát M. , Fülöp Tamás
Published: December 2024

We use backward error analysis for differential equations to obtain modified or distorted equations describing the behaviour of the Newmark scheme applied to the transient structural dynamics equation. Based on the newly derived distorted equations, we give expressions for the numerically or algorithmically distorted stiffness and damping matrices of a system simulated using the Newmark scheme. Using these results, we show how to construct compensation terms from the original parameters of the system, which improve the performance of Newmark simulations. The required compensation terms turn out to be slight modifications to the original system parameters (e.g. the damping or stiffness matrices), and can be applied without changing the time step or modifying the scheme itself. Two such compensations are given: one eliminates numerical damping, while the other achieves fourth-order accurate calculations using the traditionally second-order Newmark method. The performance of both compensation methods is evaluated numerically to demonstrate their validity, and they are compared to the uncompensated Newmark method, the generalized-$$\alpha $$
α
method and the 4th-order Runge–Kutta scheme.
Myeloid sarcoma of the heart—A clinicopathological correlation
Authors: Skok Kristijan , Zacharias Martin , Verheyen Nicolas , Hatzl Stefan , Scholz Laura , Langner Cord , Hoefler Gerald , Vagena Fotini Rosi
Published: December 2024

A 63-year-old woman with a history of acute myeloid leukemia followed by stem cell transplantation presented with acute heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction with severe ventricular hypertrophy and signs of elevated filling pressures indicating infiltrative cardiomyopathy. She died from cardiac arrest due to cardiogenic shock. The autopsy revealed an enlarged heart with a fish-flesh appearance. Here, we describe a rare case of a myeloid sarcoma of the heart.
Dynamical stability and instability of Poincaré–Einstein manifolds
Authors: Kröncke Klaus , Yudowitz Louis
Published: December 2024

We prove dynamical stability and instability theorems for Poincaré–Einstein metrics under the Ricci flow. Our key tool is a variant of the expander entropy for asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds, which Dahl, McCormick and the first author established in a recent article. It allows us to characterize stability and instability in terms of a local positive mass theorem and in terms of volume comparison for nearby metrics.