bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulierungen von Normen kommunikativen Handelns in Biel/Bienne
Authors: Werlen Iwar
Published: July 2022

In the bil.bienne project, people living in bilingual (German-French) Biel/Bienne were recorded in conversations dealing with their linguistic biographies, their experiences with bilingualism and their opinions about bilingualism. The conversations were transcribed thematically. On the basis of these transcripts, analyses of the norms of communcative behavior in Biel/Bienne were carried out. We were especially interested in norms concerning communication in public and semi-public places. There are a range of conflicting communicative norms: the customer has the right to choose the language of communication; in everyday conversations participants speak their own language; in conflict situations persons may insist on having the choice. Another range of expectations concerns bilinguality: who is to be considered bilingual? However, the overall image of bilinguality is also questioned, especially by speakers of the minority language French. Norms are often formulated indirectly in conversational narrations, but are also formulated in explicit normative statements.
Temps, description et interprétation: présentation du volume
Authors: De Saussure Louis
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
Remarques sur l’usage interprétatif putatif du futur
Authors: Morency Patrick , De Saussure Louis
Published: July 2022

In this article we will take a look at a particular epistemic usage of the French future tense. Our approach is a radically pragmatic one, where we posit that what should be taken into account for the interpretation of such occurrences depends more upon pragmatic than semantic aspects. Building upon Sperber & Wilson’s distinction between descriptive and non-descriptive usages of language and the notion of metarepresentation (1995 [1986]), we propose to analyze the function of the French futur putatif from our procedural pragmatics perspective. We posit that certain expressions, and among them the French future tense, possess a procedural algorithm that allows the hearer to reach different interpretations, depending on different contextualizations, which are obtained through relevance-searching. Such procedural instructions enable the hearer to easily draw the intended complex inferences.
modal italien dovere au conditionnel: évidentialité et contraintes sur l’inférence des relations de discours argumentatives
Authors: Rocci Andrea
Published: July 2022

This paper proposes a semantic analysis of the "epistemic" interpretations of the Italian modal verb dovere with the conditional tense, taking as a starting point the underspecified modal semantics of both the modal verb and the conditional form. The analysis focuses in particular on the difference between epistemic readings of dovere in the indicative and conditional moods. We observe a number of constraints imposed by the "epistemic" reading of the conditional form of dovere over argumentative sequences in discourse, which are not imposed by the indicative form. On this basis, we suggest that the "epistemic" reading with the conditional emerges as a pragmatic free enrichment after alethic or deontic saturation of the modal basis of dovere in a hypothetical frame, whereas with the indicative, the modal saturation is truly doxastic, implying a metarepresentation of speaker’s beliefs, and thus transforming dovere into an evidential for the concerned inference.
Cadres et points de vue dans le discours journalistique
Authors: Beaulien-Masson Anne
Published: July 2022

This article deals with the expression of viewpoints by means of frame adverbs in the press. It presents the notion of viewpoint frames compared to mediative and praxeological frames, before examining in details how these frame adverbs take place in a sentence. It distinguishes 3 types of structures (in term of macrosyntactic analyses), that are connected to different semantical effects: a restrictive use, an enonciative one and an argumentative one. Finally, it presents some examples of the uses of such frame adverbs in the press, to investigate the kind of context in which they appear.
Parodie et publicité
Authors: Bonhomme Marc
Published: July 2022

This article has a double aim. On the one side, it proposes a critical re-examination of parody in the frame of represented discourse and interdiscursivity practices. On the other side, it wants to study the function of parody in advertising communication. The following points will be emphasized: the importance of comparison between parody and pastiche in advertising, the procedures of advertising parody, the role of parody in ads transmission. Finally, the parody appears as a media phenomenon that transpires as being ordinary and central at the same time.
Monde de la télévision et monde de la publicité
Authors: Jost François
Published: July 2022

This paper is based on the idea that TV genres are built and interpreted according to three worlds which are interpretants in a peircian sense: the real world, the fictitious world and the ludic world. In accordance with a pragmatic approach, we claim that the statute of the commercials varies according to strategies of the emitter and the believing of the viewer in advertisement: it may be linked to the three worlds. It is what it is shown from the analysis of the first and the second season of Loft Story, of Nice People and of the commercials that are inserted in these programmes. The relationship between the programmes and the commercials helps to define what reality and game mean for television. If the programme authenticates commercials in certain occurrences, inversely, commercials give meaning to the programmes, suggesting to viewers reading grids or some interpretations of programmes.
An analysis of the commercials convinces that commercials aim less to build the under fifties women as housewives than to tease their femininity and to play with their desire or with their fantasy.
Avant-propos
Authors: Avanzi Mathieu , Horlacher Anne-Sylvie
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
Distribution syntaxique, discursive et interactionnelle des contours intonatifs du français dans un corpus de conversation
Authors: Bertrand Roxane , Portes Cristel , Sabio Frédéric
Published: July 2022

This paper aims at acquiring a more comprehensive overview about the role of French intonational contours observed in a conversational corpus. We study their distribution with regards to syntactical structure, discourse and conversational organisation. Our results show that the minor contour is functionally underspecified compared to major contours. Among the latter, a set of different terminal contours appear to form a paradigm, sharing the same distribution as well as the same semantism. By contrast the major continuation contour appears to have a quite different semantic and interactional value, even when it occurs at the same syntactical distribution.
dislocation à droite comme ressource pour l’alternance des tours de parole: vers une syntaxe incrémentale
Authors: Horlacher Anne-Sylvie
Published: July 2022

In spoken interaction, participants can sometimes be seen to self-select after a possible turn completion point, expanding thus their own speaking turn. Conversation analytic research has variously described such turn-continuations – the wide-spread accepted term being increments (Schegloff, 1996, 2000, 2001; Ford, Fox & Thompson, 2002; Walker, 2001, 2004; Couper-Kuhlen & Ono, 2007). In French, extensions of this kind consist frequently of a nominal phrase which is co-referential with the referent figuring in the first part of the turn. The syntactic structure resulting from such expansions has been called by functional linguists a right-dislocation and sometimes interpreted in terms of afterthought – that is some kind of post hoc clarification of a referential item. 
Drawing on radio phone-in confidential chats, we will first show that the notion of increment is somehow problematic when analyzing naturally occurring data in which syntax is to be taken as a real-time phenomenon, which is deployed moment-by-moment and locally managed, so that a syntactically complete turn-so-far can always be extended through further additions. 
Secondly, we will argue against the notion of afterthought as an explanation for the late delivery of the nominal phrase. Focussing on the research which has been undertaken in recent years in the field of interactional linguistics, we will show that one interactional task which speakers accomplish through turn extensions is to delete the first possible turn completion point and to exhibit the end of the extension as a new slot which creates a second opportunity for the interlocutor to take the turn or to exhibit alignment. In this sense, formulating a turn extension can be seen not only as an example of emerging grammar, but also as a resource that participants use for pursuing a response and creating an opportunity space for co-participants to display their aligning stances.
Finally, we will discuss the implications that the realization of these incremental right-dislocations have for the conception of syntax and grammar.
Matériel ludique, métalangage et pistes thérapeutiques : méthodologie de quelques études de psycholinguistique développementale
Authors: Monney Viviane
Published: July 2022

In this contribution we present several studies which can be viewed as exploring, in children with or without language disorders, pragmatic and metalinguistic abilities in relation with Theory Of Mind. We are focusing on the methodological aspects of the reported studies. Specific communicative situations are presented: transmission of messages, injunctive dialogue, understanding of irony, detection and repair of conversational breakdown and of misunderstanding. Experimental settings and procedures are considered to be particularly relevant for the study of pragmatic development. In some of the studies, the interviewed children are direct conversational partners, whereas in other studies, they are overhearers of dialogues between Playmobil® characters. Both types of situations involve play and are thus source of fun and amusement to children of all ages. Discussion bears on the ecological validity of the methodologies used and on their possible adaptation on the field of clinical evaluation and therapy of pragmatic disorders.
Profils dialogiques de dyades mère – enfant avec et sans troubles du langage
Authors: Salazar Orvig Anne , De Weck Geneviève
Published: July 2022

Dialogical behaviours of 43 mother-child dyads (18 with specific language impairment (SLI) children aged from 5 to 7 and 25 with normally developing (ND) children aged from 4 to 7) were studied in a guessing game situation. Mother's and children participation to dialogue was assessed according to some key interactional features (semiotic modalities of their interactional turns, illocutionary types of their verbal moves). On the other hand, our study is focused on the ability of the children to answer in a relevant way and to fit their interlocutors needs in the frame of the guessing activity. Unexpectedly, our data show, for semiotic modalities of interactional turns, illocutionary types and relevance of answers, similar interactional profiles for the SLI children and their mothers and for ND children and their mothers. Nevertheless, non verbal behaviours in SLI dyads have different roles with respect to verbal behaviours. Children verbal reactions to their mothers' answers show some sensibility to the characteristics of the activity even though SLI children have more difficulties to change and adapt their strategies if their mothers provide erroneous answers to their guessing cues. The discussion deals with the complexity and flexibility of their dialogical profiles.
Intonation, contexte et interaction. Sur quels indices les enfants comprennent-ils l'intention du locuteur ?
Authors: Aguert Marc , Laval Virginie , Bernicot Josie
Published: July 2022

This study investigates the contribution of intonation and context in the understanding of utterances presented in a situational context. In order to find out whether intonation is the sole cue, we separated the intonation from the content of utterances (meaningless syllables).
Five- to nine-year old children and a group of adults performed a computerized story-completion task, using multimedia, combining sound and image. This task required them to determine the speaker's intention. In Experiment 1, the stories vary according to intonation (positive vs negative) and context (positive vs negative), generated two types of situations: congruent situations in which the context and the intonation pointed to the same interpretation of the utterance, and incongruent situations in which the context and the intonation pointed to two contradictory interpretations of the utterance. In Experiment 2, cues (intonation and context) are not in competition anymore.
Results show that in incongruent situations, the five- and seven-year-olds did not base their interpretation of the utterances on intonation; the opposite was found for the adult group. The nine-year-old started to take intonation into account. However, when the prosodic cue is the sole source of information (Experiment 2), the seven-year-olds are able to take intonation into account.
Plurilinguisme et construction des savoirs disciplinaires dans l'enseignement universitaire
Authors: Müller Gabriele M. , Pantet Jeanne
Published: July 2022

In which way is multilingualism a resource for knowledge construction? By analysing examples from interactions in a bilingual university lecture, this article aims to show a set of first research results concerning this issue.
Avant-propos
Authors: Avanzi Mathieu , Bondéelle Olivier , Chun Jihye , Sales Marie-Pierre
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
L'ambiguïté : du fait de langue aux stratégies interlocutives
Authors: Fuchs Catherine
Published: July 2022

In this paper, ambiguity is defined as a particular kind of non-biunivocal form-meaning relationship, namely a 'split univocity', which imposes a necessary but impossible choice on the hearer/reader. Ambiguity proceeds from either homonymy or polysemy, and is to be found at all levels of linguistic analysis – thus giving way to a typology of ambiguous facts. According to the situation, the hearer/reader and the speaker/writer are shown to use different possible strategies in order to cope with ambiguity.
De l'ambiguïté dans les interrogations fermées en russe moderne
Authors: Gayet Oksana
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we intend to show how ambiguity can be cleared in positive yes/no questions in modern Russian. For the purpose of our study, we will analyze three interrogative transitive predicate structures (svO1, sVo et soV). Despite the same syntactic surface structure and the same nuclear accent placement, each of them satisfies two different types of questions. The analyses reveal that when the segmental level does not allow disambiguisation, this is achieved via various prosodic techniques: nature of nuclear accent ("neutral" accent vs. "exclusive" accent) combined with specific features of F0 contour on the prenuclear region, pitch range variations, and pause.
Analyse d'interactions familiales entre trois générations dans la région italienne de Vénétie : réflexions sur les voies de la transmission des langues minorées
Authors: Ghimenton Anna
Published: July 2022

The majority of studies conducted in the Italoromance area have dealt with issues of language transmission by analyzing declared language practices. In this paper, we will present detailed analyses of the effective practices observed within family interactions involving speakers belonging to three generations from Veneto (northeastern Italy). Adopting a qualitative approach, we seek to document the modalities of transmission of the minority languages to the younger generations. Each interlocutor's production will be analyzed in order to gain knowledge on the types of interaction contexts which favour the usage of Italian or dialect. In cases of codeswitching within or between utterances, we will focus on the possible reasons underlying the change from one code to the other.
Temps, discours, argumentation
Authors: Morency Patrick
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
Vers de nouvelles approches théoriques du langage et du plurilinguisme
Authors: Lüdi Georges
Published: July 2022

Atemporal and context-free views of langue have been replaced by models focusing on context-bounded processes of sense-making and a strong determination of linguistic forms by the socio-cognitive functions of language. However, the view of separate, closed rule systems for each single language still prevails. Based on Hopper’s emergent grammar and socio-constructivist models of language acquisition, we argue, firstly, that language is a praxis rather than a structure, i.e. an open, dynamic and complex system that undergoes change each time it is used. We also strongly question the endoxa that different languages are bound to geographically and politically separate spaces. Highly polyglossic societies are the rule, where plurilingual repertoires represent resources upon which interlocutors can draw to solve their communicative tasks either by sticking to one language at a time or by blended combinations or multilanguaging. It is well known that such mixing follows norms which represent a multilingual emergent grammar. Finally, we call for language theories to explain multilanguaging as one of several forms of normal language behaviour.
étudiants natifs et allophones face à l’orthographe française: le cas des homonymes
Authors: Makassikis Martha , Pellat Jean-Christophe
Published: July 2022

As a mixed system, French spelling has both significant phonographic and semiographic characteristics. Due to the impact of spelling structure on learning and acquisition strategies, one must take into account these specificities when elaborating teaching tools. Nonetheless, most FFL spelling textbooks focus on the phonographic dimension and give little weight to semiography.
The survey on homonyms conducted among native and non native speakers of French, studying at the University of Strasbourg, unveiled the better results of the latter in writing logograms during a written examination. However, in gap filling exercises, their success rate is significantly lower than that of natives, due to difficulties encountered in vocabulary. Both groups relied heavily on meaning to write the logograms they heard. This fact shows that the semiographic dimension gains importance when phonography is powerless to help the writers.
De la phonologie à la graphie vers leur synergie: une expérience tchèque
Authors: Geffroy Konstacky Danièle , Novakova Sylva
Published: July 2022

In Czech the written form of the language is mainly phonological and learners find it difficult at first to handle with the French system. The authors noticed that the methodological approach of these last twenty years did not help improving that aspect of the foreign language acquisition in secondary schools. On the basis of a short text dictated to their first year students they study the reasons why, besides having better communicative competences, the students still have problems in spelling. The authors are convinced that the link between the phonological and graphical systems of the language should be taught from the beginning of the studies to avoid an appropriation of inaccurate sequences of words and to improve the understanding and writing of meaningful sequences. They recommend an audio-oral introduction to the new language, where the differences between the two phonological systems are taken into account, and suggest the use of manuals that are conceived in that sense.
Pour une méthode active de remédiation orthographique pour des apprenants allophones
Authors: Gruaz Claude
Published: July 2022

Teaching orthography to allophone adults is the source of specific problems to which the knowledge of grammatical rules applied to exercises gives no satisfactory answer. These persons have a competence of their own language and the question is how to let them acquire new automatisms. The progression put forward is:
1. Identification of the deviations from the rules by means of a diagram which helps to draw an orthographic profile.
2. Orthographical profile.
3. Remedying, taking into account linguistic considerations and the competence of the person.
4. Pedagogical processes based on analogy and substitution.
5. Positive evaluation.
Pour une analyse morphologique des productions écrites d’élèves FLS
Authors: Le Bot Marie-Claude , Richard Elisabeth
Published: July 2022

In this article we study a corpus of written work by allophonic secondary school pupils (aged 11-15), the majority of which are Turkish native speakers whose language at school is French.
Although their written work in French does not conform with conventional spelling due to the fact that it is based on sound, the linguistic description of the corpus also shows that it does not comply either with phonetic spelling. Their written work both testifies to a number of skills acquired through learning and provides an explanation as to the origin of their spelling mistakes. It is our contention that the strategies of French language spelling are for the most part based on the paradigmatic dimension of the language, independently of its segmental dimension structuring its verbal or nominal units.
Comment le dire. A propos d'ajustement, en quelque sorte
Authors: Ducard Dominique
Published: July 2022

Language activity is based on a symbolic gap between the actual state of affairs and their representation, through speech, in a linguistic system. This implies a measurement of the distance between the thought contained within what is said and what is being referred to in saying it; the distance between the various possible ways of saying; and the distance, in an inter-subjective relationship, between the speaker and the other with whom he is communicating. From a linguistic standpoint, this assessment resembles processes for evaluating utterances according to a two-dimensional validation (how what is said is validated or able to be validated) and valuation (how what is said is valid). Valuation also concerns forms of enunciation which are conditional upon what is to be said or meant. These considerations are based upon the notions of referential value and adjustment in Culioli’s theory of enunciative operations. This theory is first examined, in order that the measuring process – how to say it – may be understood. The process is then demonstrated through the examination of a text and study of the marker en quelque sorte.
Remarques conclusives
Authors: Coquet Jean-Claude
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
difficultés syntaxiques et la lecture
Authors: Blanche-Benveniste Claire
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
pelle à godets ou les ravages de l'orthographe dans le technique court
Authors: Blanche-Benveniste Claire
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
Propositions pour une terminologie grammaticale de base
Authors: Blanche-Benveniste Claire , Gardes Tamine Joëlle
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
modèle d'analyse syntaxique "en grilles" pour les productions orales
Authors: Blanche-Benveniste Claire
Published: July 2022

[Se référer au PDF pour le résumé].
Récapitulatif de la recherche du GARS à Romans
Authors: Blanche-Benveniste Claire
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
Observations sur l'étude du français parlé
Authors: Blanche-Benveniste Claire
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
À propos des règles et des exceptions en orthographe : l'affaire des sept pluriels en -oux
Authors: Blanche-Benveniste Claire , Chervel Arnulf
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
À propos de la langue écrite
Authors: Blanche-Benveniste Claire
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
Réformer l'orthographe ? Mieux la supprimer !
Authors: Blanche-Benveniste Claire , Chervel Arnulf
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
Conversation et reformulation dans l'acquisition du langage
Authors: Clark Eve Vivienne
Published: July 2022

Children acquire language in conversation as they interact with their adult (and more expert) interlocutors. In these conversations, adults offer feedback when children make errors in phonology, morphology, syntax, or lexicon. To do this, adults reformulate the child’s erroneous utterance in the next turn with either a side-squence or an embedded correction. Adults also use reformuations to distinguish the meanings of the infinitive and past participle for Group-1 verbs in French.
Rôle des reprises dans l'acquisition des articles et des clitiques sujets chez des enfants francophones âgés de 2 à 3 ans
Authors: Bertin Tiphanie
Published: July 2022

The role of repetition in language acquisition is often studied for lexical development. In this study, we propose to explore the role of adult and child repetition in the acquisition process of articles and clitical subject pronouns. After a brief presentation of a quantitative analysis of the evolution of repetition in the adult and child productions, we focus our analysis on the dialogical phenomenon of repetition in the child and adult verbalizations. The aim of the study is to illustrate the interactional process of the acquisition of articles and clitical subjects pronouns with an analysis of transformations in child productions after adjusted adult repetitions, considered as indications of an acquisition process in progress.
parole de l'autre dans l'entretien clinique
Authors: Grossen Michèle
Published: July 2022

As a method, clinical interview has given way to numerous publications and is taught to future practitioners in various professions. However, it is not only a method: as a shared professional practice, it is also a genre based upon legitimised practices and contributing to create a community of practice. In this respect, it echoes the voices of others. Moreover, clinical interview is a communication situation between two or more participants. Nevertheless, it cannot be reduced to face-to-face interactions. From a dialogical standpoint, it consists of a dialogue, which develops between present participants but also with absent third parties. Hence, it expands beyond the present instant of the encounter. The interweaving of a dialogue between present participants and a distant dialogue with absent third parties creates a complex dialogical space, which is part of the therapeutic process.
Reformulations en situation de rééducation orthophonique
Authors: Da Silva-Genest Christine
Published: July 2022

Within an interactionist approach, different forms of scaffolding provided by adults in interaction with children have been identified such as requests, repetitions, reformulations/recasts or instructive questions. Recasts of child's utterances by the adult contribute to language development of children with or without language disorders. The aim of the present longitudinal study is to observe the characteristics of recasts, as linguistic scaffolding, provided by speech and language therapists to children with Specific Language Impairment in remediation sessions. Recasts are considered dialogic and useful to give assistance to the child since they may modify and guide his language. This process of scaffolding is set up through the use of a semiotic system by another.
niveau d'étude de la mère : une source de variation dans la parole reprise en situation de lecture partagée
Authors: Witko Agnès , Borger Deborah , Segur Karine
Published: July 2022

This study examines how mothers’ interaction styles may vary depending on education level when engaged in shared reading with their 24 month old children. We compared strategies used to capture and maintain joint attention and to exchange, in 16 mother-infant dyads divided into two groups based on the mother’s education level. Results reveal similarities and differences between the two groups. Capturing and maintaining joint attention was facilitated by certain strategies used by mothers whose education levels surpassed 2 years of post-secondary studies. These strategies included responding in the adjacent turn to verbal initiatives made by the child, and the use of recasts, which repeat and may expand on the child’s utterance. Although present in both groups, this form of recast was used in significantly greater proportions by mothers whose education levels surpassed 2 years of post-secondary education.
Avant-propos
Authors: Diemoz Federica , Kristol Andres
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
L'utilisation et le jugement des dictionnaires de français par des étudiants québécois et acadiens
Authors: Ten Broek Gaëlle
Published: July 2022

This study concerns the usage and the judgment of French dictionaries by students from Quebec and New Brunswick. It enables to understand which dictionaries are the most liked and bought based on their form and content. The analysis is done on three different dimensions: diatopic, gender and study level. The purpose is to determine which dictionaries are the most used and possessed, and if they equal to the one they judge as the best in content and form. The results showed different important aspects of the linguistic situation and the knowledge of European and Canadian dictionaries. In the first place, the sense of identity of these students has been highly emphasized. In the second place, there is an apparent difference in treatment of the sociolects by the students of Quebec and New Brunswick. In the third place, the results showed an important dissimilarity between the dictionaries that are the most known and possessed and the one judged as the best with respect to their form and content.
French & English in Dieppe, New-Brunswick
Authors: Gabay Simon
Published: July 2022

Le présent article décrit la situation linguistique à Dieppe. À la fois dernière ville francophone au sud-est de l'arc acadien et immédiate banlieue de la ville de Moncton, elle héberge une majorité de francophones en contact permanent avec la communauté anglophone, majoritaire dans la province du Nouveau-Brunswick. Le continuum linguistique est le plus étendu possible, allant de locuteurs unilingues français à des locuteurs unilingues anglais, en passant par des locuteurs parfaitement bilingues. À l'aide de différentes sources (sondages de Statistiques Canada, sondages municipaux et enquête de terrain), nous tentons de dresser le portrait des communautés francophones et anglophones, ainsi que des relations qu'elles entretiennent. Se dessine une relation plutôt apaisée, mais plus instable qu'on l'imagine de prime abord.
Avant-propos
Authors: Levy Arik , Marty Simone
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
Observer et évaluer la qualité des interactions enseignant.e/enfants à l'école maternelle en Belgique pour soutenir le développement langagier des enfants de 4 ans : une étude exploratoire
Authors: Leroy Sandrine , Bergeron-Morin Lisandre , Desmottes Lise , Bouchard Caroline , Maillart Christelle
Published: July 2022

Early childhood education is a privileged context for children to develop their language and communication abilities (Dickinson, 2011). More specifically, it is demonstrated that the quality of the interactions between teachers and children plays a protective role on language and communication development for more vulnerable children (Burchinal et al. 2010; Simard et al. 2013). The current study explores the quality of interactions in kindergarten in the French-speaking part of Belgium (second year for children of 4-5 years old). Observations took place in 17 classes, using the CLASS® Pre-K (Classroom Assessment Scoring System®, Pianta et al. 2008). Similar to other international investigations, our results show heterogeneity in the scores of the different classes. But overall, emotional support and classroom organization reach medium to high quality level, while instructional support shows a low average score. Some dimensions of the instructional support vary as a function of the teacher/children ratio and the type of activity. This exploratory study enables a reflection about language development support in early childhood education and raises questions about creative ways to optimize it.
On the negotiation of the 'issue' in discussions among young children and their parents
Authors: Schär Rebecca G.
Published: July 2022

When analyzing argumentative discussions between young children and adults, it emerged that in some cases, adults and children do not share the same issue at the beginning of an interaction. The present contribution makes a first step in investigating how issues are negotiated among the discussants so that this diverging understanding can be overcome. To do so, an example from a corpus of everyday discussions in a family is analyzed. For the reconstruction of the argumentation, the pragma-dialectical model of a critical discussion will be used. Furthermore, the analysis of the implicit contextual-material premises on which the discussants base their reasoning will contribute to a better understanding of the interaction.
"Qu'est-ce que maman dit?": l'accomplissement des directives en français L2 par un jeune homme au pair
Authors: Skogmyr Marian Klara
Published: July 2022

This conversation analytic study investigates how Vicente, a young au-pair and second language speaker of French, gives directives to the host family children in the Frenchspeaking part of Switzerland. The study specifically analyzes a set of directive sequences occurring toward the end of Vicente's four-month stay, in which he invokes through questions and threats the mother's superior authority in pursuing directives after nonaligning responses from the children. In doing so, Vicente displays his increased ability to tailor his interactional conduct to the local situational circumstances and thus his increased L2 interactional competences.
Apprentissage social affectif et appréciation de l'émotion: structuration des interactions socioémotionnelles
Authors: Dukes Daniel
Published: July 2022

This paper highlights a novel concept that focuses on obtaining knowledge through the observation of others. In the same way as social learning is concerned with learning from others how to use objects in the environment through various forms of imitation, what we have called 'affective social learning' is concerned with learning how to value objects in the environment through the emotional expressions of others. This paper also looks to highlight the importance of taking a relational view of emotion recognition – what I have called emotion appreciation. This concept offers a more holistic approach than just focusing on facial emotion recognition and, in my opinion, is more likely to help the infant or the newcomer understand how to value the objects in their new environment.
Is the power of weak ties universal? A cross-cultural comparison of social interaction in Argentina and Canada
Authors: Tilston Ottilie , Sandstrom Gillian
Published: July 2022

Although we interact with a wide range of people on a daily basis, the social psychological literature has primarily focused on interactions with close friends and family (i.e. strong ties). Recent research carried out on Canadian students suggests emotional benefits to interacting with acquaintances (i.e. weak social ties). The present study investigates whether this 'weak tie effect' holds in non-Western cultures, using a Latin American sample to broaden our understanding of collectivism. Participants reported daily how many strong and weak ties they greeted in person, as well as a daily subjective wellbeing questionnaire. Preliminary analyses suggest weak tie interaction is related to a sense of community, and indicate distinct patterns of social interaction among Latinos.
Interaction ou inter-actions? Deux conceptions de la notion d'interaction
Authors: Grossen Michèle
Published: July 2022

This article aims at discussing two main definitions of the concept of interaction: the first one assumes that an interaction is the sum of individual actions (inter-actions) while the second one assumes that interaction is an inseparable unit of analysis. They constitute what can be called a factorial vs. dialogical conception of interaction. After having presented these two conceptions and shown some gaps between theoretical assumptions and methodological practices, we discuss what methodological consequences for research a dialogical conception of interaction may have, provide the example of a study which tried to take these consequences into account, and conclude with some challenges that have to be faced in future research.
Discours d'experts : les modes d'intervention des sciences du langage dans le monde social
Authors: Verdier Maud
Published: July 2022

This article focuses on linguistic researchers working on a sensitive field, and the constitution of an expert discourse. This article shows that a translation process is always necessary when scientific discourse is transformed into expert discourse, due to a number of research assumptions. The general purpose of the paper is to develop a better understanding of the transformation processes of scientific discourse into expert discourse, based on a review of the positions that the researcher can adopt with respect to his/her conception of language in relation with the social world. Finally, this paper analyses the impact of the stances taken by the researcher on the relationship with social actors, and questions the place given to their competence and linguistic skills in expert discourse.
Social Construction of Academic Expertise in Multilingual School Contexts: Policy Options and Instructional Choices
Authors: Cummins Jim
Published: July 2022

Cet article soutient que l'expertise – entendue comme un niveau élevé de compétence dans un domaine particulier – et son contraire, l'incompétence, ne sont pas simplement des caractéristiques statiques appartenant en propre à l'individu, mais sont construites socialement et renvoient à des relations de pouvoir au sein des relations sociales. Dans les classes multilingues, cette construction sociale expertise/incompétence empêche souvent les étudiants nouvellement arrivés de démontrer leurs compétences académiques, potentielles ou réelles, en raison du recours exclusif au langage dominant à des fins pédagogiques. S'appuyant sur les données issues de la recherche-action collaborative menée dans la région de Toronto (Cummins & Early 2011), cet article montre la manière dont les nouveaux arrivants font l'expérience d'une transformation identitaire lorsque l'espace scolaire accueille les idées et les contributions intellectuelles des étudiants sans préjuger des langues. L'article met aussi en évidence les relations de pouvoir sociétales sous-tendant les prétentions problématiques à "l'expertise" invoquées par les professionnels de l'éducation dont la formation professionnelle a généralement exclu toute réflexion sur le développement éducatif des étudiants multilingues et les moyens efficaces de formation de ces étudiants.
Partager et revendiquer le sens des études en prison : expression de l'expertise d'étudiants-détenus
Authors: Alidieres-Dumonceaud Lucie , Bonu Bruno
Published: July 2022

This article explores the way the prisoners who pursue higher studies in prison formulate various expertise about postsecondary studies during face-to-face or mediated encounters with academic teachers/researchers. The findings further highlight the students-inmates' institutional knowledge and the practical reasoning about the "sense of studies". The approach adopted in this article is based on an audiovisual corpus involving an extensive fieldwork in various prisons, which included formal and informal teachings and interviews, either in co-presence or by videoconference.
Introduire les points soumis à discussion lors d'une réunion : une analyse conversationnelle longitudinale
Authors: González-Martínez Esther , Giglio Marcelo
Published: July 2022

We recorded meetings of a group of educators and educator-researchers at a university of teacher education. The purpose of these meetings was to design a new lesson-planning tool to be used by students. The article focuses on the work of the meeting chair, in particular the practices he deploys to introduce points for discussion in two consecutive meetings. We identify practices such as indicating, naming and delimiting a point, encouraging the group to address the point, and suggesting and accounting for related subsidiary actions. This comparative longitudinal analysis shows that introducing a point requires fewer practices and that these practices take on simpler forms as the meeting progresses, and also between the two meetings. In the conclusion, we examine the relevance of these results for conversation analytic studies of work meetings and an optimized organization of these sessions.
Communication orthophoniste / adulte avec aphasie : contribution de l'analyse de corpus à la conscientisation des postures langagières professionnelles dans le soin
Authors: Lucas Sibylle , Simon Marie-Laure , Tran Thi Mai
Published: July 2022

This study focuses on the analysis of verbal interactions in clinical contexts between aphasic adults and speech therapists. Seven speech therapists were invited to record a conversational exchange with one of their patients and to analyze their interacting communication behaviors using an observation grid, based on the watching of a video clip and the reading of its transcription. In this interaction analysis protocol, the speech therapist's attention was not focused on the patient's productions but on his or her own contribution to the exchange. The results show that the recording and the transcription of corpora of natural exchanges contribute to the speech therapist's awareness of his or her language posture and opens up prospects for the improvement of professional practices in healthcare.
L'importance de la prosodie dans les interactions orthophoniste-enfant
Authors: Patin Cédric , Macchi Lucie
Published: July 2022

Most of the work that has been d edicated to the role of prosody in interactions between speech and language therapists and children has focused on patients' prosodic disorders and their treatment, rarely on the prosody of speech and language therapists. This study aims to partly fill this gap by qualitatively examining a corpus of video recordings of the interactions that occur in two speech therapist-child dyads in a therapeutic situation. The examination of the data revealed that the speech and language therapist spontaneously exploited her prosody to indicate to the children the nature of the activity in progress (e.g., informal exchange, planned language task), to point out to the children the erroneous nature of some of their productions and to help correct them. The review of the data also highlighted occasions when prosody was under-exploited. When prosody was used, its use was carried out unconsciously by the speech and language therapist, and appeared to be the result of her professional experience rather than a prior sensitization to the im portance of this tool. The results of this exploratory study tend to support a developed integration of prosody as a therapeutic goal and device during the initial and continuing education of speech and language therapists.
Compétence des enseignants de maternelle sur le langage de l'enfant et partenariat avec les familles : des postures et une formation à réinterroger
Authors: Canut Emmanuelle , Husianycia Magali , Jourdain Morgane , Cappele Karen
Published: July 2022

This study is based on a survey of172 pre-school teachers conducted to investigate the representations of teachers regarding their competence in oral language acquisition/ learning and how the issue is addressed with the children's families. The standing hypothesis is that teachers are more likely to conceive and implement a coeducation approach when they gain work experience and improve their teaching practices through training. This paper shows that the current situation is even more paradoxical and that the absence of a collaboration with the families concerning language can be associated with how teachers perceive teaching or learning oral skills.
Sustentabilidad de los sistemas de producción de arroz situados dentro del sistema de riego y drenaje Babahoyo, Ecuador
Authors: Cadena-Piedrahita Dalton , Helfgott-Lerner Salomón , Drouet-Candell Andrés , Cadena-Piedrahita Luisana , Montecé-Mosquera Franklin
Published: July 2022

Se realizó una investigación en el cantón Babahoyo, sector CEDEGE provincia de Los Ríos, con el objetivo de establecer los valores de los indicadores ambientales, económicos y sociales, que determinan los niveles de sustentabilidad en el sistema de producción de arroz bajo riego. Se evaluaron los aspectos físicos de los suelos, la cobertura de malezas, la interferencia de las malezas con el cultivo y la actividad herbicida a los 25 días después de la aplicación (dda). Para el análisis de la sustentabilidad del sistema productivo de arroz, se trabajó con una población de 5,133 UPAs (Unidad de Producción Agropecuaria), de la que se extrajo una muestra (n=94). Para el análisis multicriterio se identificaron tres indicadores y ocho subindicadores para medir la sustentabilidad económica; cuatro indicadores y diez subindicadores para medir la sustentabilidad ambiental y cinco indicadores con seis subindicadores para la dimensión social. El análisis de las dimensiones económicas, ecológicas y socioculturales resultó en un Índice de Sustentabilidad General de 1.76, por lo cual se considera no sustentable. Los productores de CEDEGE, alcanzaron el valor umbral de 2.4 solo en la dimensión sociocultural. En la dimensión económica y ecológica, se identificaron algunas causas de la baja sustentabilidad, tales como la poca diversificación para la venta, pocas vías de comercialización, falta de fuentes de financiamiento, manejo de cobertura vegetal e interferencia de las malezas.
Evaluación del crecimiento y nodulación de plantas de soya (Glycine max) inoculadas con Rhizobium y Bradyrhizobium japonicum en Manglaralto, Santa Elena (Ecuador)
Authors: Soto Valenzuela Javier , Catuto Suárez Andrea , Álvarez-Vera Manuel
Published: July 2022

Los bioinsumos rizobianos son considerados desde hace algunos años como la mejor alternativa para reducir la aplicación de los fertilizantes sintéticos y con repercusión en la economía rural campesina. El objetivo de este trabajo fue valorar los efectos de infección y efectividad en tres tipos de semillas de soya (Glycine max), inoculados con tres biofertilizantes rizobianos, en las condiciones de una zona productiva de la provincia de Santa Elena (Ecuador). Se inocularon los materiales genéticos de soya INIAP 307, INIAP 308 e INTEROC SSK con los biofertilizantes Endure-Rhizobium (USA), Bradyrhizobium Católica y un biofermento obtenido de la colección de cepas de Rhizobium del Centro de Investigaciones CIAP-UPSE. Los resultados evidencian el mutualismo que las leguminosas establecen con sus huéspedes rizobianos, obteniendo resultados significativos en la mayoría de las variables investigadas en todas las variables inoculadas, incluyendo la nodulación de Bradyrhizobium con G. max., confirmando la especificidad que presenta la simbiosis planta-leguminosa. Seguramente, la inoculación en soya contribuirían a los planes de desarrollo en una futura producción a gran escala, en una zona de interés agropecuario.