bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La formación del investigador social en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (1959-1968)
Authors: Arcila Aristizábal Zoraida De Jesús
Published: September 2019

El proyecto fundador del Departamento y la Facultad de Sociología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá, a mediados del siglo xx, involucró el diseño de planes curriculares y cursos de teoría social y metodología; así como la puesta en marcha de diversas investigaciones que difundieron nuevas perspectivas de análisis y reflexión sobre la realidad política, económica y social del país. Los actores sociales que formaron parte trascendental de este proyecto académico —entre los más destacados, Orlando Fals Borda, Camilo Torres Restrepo, Virginia Gutiérrez de Pineda, Eduardo Umaña Luna y Carlos Escalante Angulo— desplegaron una serie de acciones encaminadas a la unificación de prácticas, que representaron principios de visión y de afinidades por las ciencias sociales y humanas. De esa manera, se posibilitó la configuración de un lenguaje común y una forma concreta del quehacer del científico social comprometido con las problemáticas sociales de su época.Este artículo parte de la descripción del proyecto docente —programas de los cursos, bibliografías referenciadas, guías de cátedra—, esto es, la malla curricular, a partir de la cual se estableció el perfil de la sociología impartida en este campus universitario. El énfasis recayó en líneas como sociología rural, sociología urbana y sociología de la familia, las cuales, a su vez, constituyeron los principales ejes de discusión del grupo intelectual líder en dicho proceso fundacional. En un segundo momento, se detalla el proyecto investigativo que permite entrever la agenda de trabajo y los intereses temáticos que, en consonancia con las necesidades sociopolíticas y las prescripciones de sus entes financiadores públicos y privados, se fueron destacando como los ámbitos más relevantes dentro de la investigación social. Se concluye que la multiplicidad de enfoques y marcos interpretativos difundidos por el cuerpo docente propició la diversificación de líneas teóricas que fueron afianzadas en el devenir del desarrollo de la sociología en Colombia.
Confrontación y “autodestrucción” de un proyecto de sociología en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia: la caída de los “padres fundadores”
Authors: Rudas Nicolás
Published: September 2019

Este artículo analiza la salida de Camilo Torres Restrepo y Orlando Fals Borda de la sociología institucional en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, de la que fueron “padres fundadores”. Aunque formalmente se presentaron renuncias, en ambos casos sería más adecuado interpretarlas como expulsiones presionadas por fuerzas sociales en oposición, que representaban otros “proyectos de sociología”. Por lo tanto, se argumenta que las renuncias no fueron el resultado de malentendidos personales, sino de hondos conflictos sociales. Desde el marco teórico de la sociología cultural, se parte de la premisa de que todas las comunidades sociales, incluidas las académicas, guían sus empresas colectivas según concepciones normativas altamente estructuradas. Un “proyecto de sociología” está conformado, entonces, por el conjunto de definiciones idealizadas sobre el papel que debe cumplir el sociólogo en la sociedad y su relación con los poderes del entorno.Con base en fuentes testimoniales y documentales, el artículo reconstruye hermenéuticamente tres “proyectos de sociología” emergentes durante la década de 1960 en Colombia. En primer lugar, el proyecto de los “padres fundadores” se caracteriza como un proyecto civil, orientado a la articulación con las demandas reformistas del movimiento social democrático, que no se planteaba a priori ni estatista ni antiestatista. En sus primeros años la obra de Fals Borda y Torres Restrepo enfrentó un doble desafío planteado, de un lado, por sectores conservadores externos a la Universidad, defensores de una visión tradicional y organicista de la sociedad, empeñados en construir un proyecto patrimonialista de sociología, de orientación preponderantemente estatista. De otro lado, por parte de sectores revolucionarios, defensores de una sociedad utópica solo accesible a través de una ruptura abrupta —no reformista— del orden vigente, empeñados en implementar un proyecto revolucionario de sociología, que rompiera relaciones con el Estado. Si bien el primer enfrentamiento condujo a la expulsión de Torres Restrepo en 1962, el segundo llevó a la salida de Fals Borda en 1965 y, sucesivamente, del “falsismo” hasta 1970, lo que desmontó el proyecto de sociología fundacional. Este último proceso se define como una “autodestrucción”, retomando la expresión de Fals Borda, en referencia a que fue impulsado desde adentro del propio Departamento de Sociología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Hacia una sociología de la educación propia. Reconstrucción reflexiva a partir de la obra de Orlando Fals Borda
Authors: Quintero Ramírez Oscar Alejandro
Published: September 2019

El presente artículo propone reconstruir la obra de Orlando Fals Borda desde una perspectiva enfocada en sus aportes a la sociología de la educación. Se presentan algunos elementos específicos de lo que se podría denominar una sociología de la educación falsbordiana, en estrecha relación con la Investigación Acción Participativa (iap), pero que no se agota ni se limita en ella. Se retoman algunos elementos centrales de su postura en torno a una educación propia, bastante cercana a las aproximaciones desde la educación popular, así como con la idea de una política del conocimiento, caracterizada por la construcción y la consolidación de una ciencia propia, con base en procesos de endogénesis contextual.Se sugiere un énfasis en sus aportes para consolidar no solo la sociología como disciplina en el país, sino una sociología de la educación con impacto nacional, regional e internacional, caracterizada por una apuesta clara y concreta desde el punto de vista epistemológico, conceptual y metodológico. Así mismo, se destacan algunos aspectos poco conocidos en nuestro medio sobre la apropiación de la obra de Fals Borda en el contexto internacional, en especial en el medio anglosajón de corte crítico y alternativo, en torno a la sociología de la liberación.El método empleado es el análisis de una variedad de trabajos de Fals Borda, así como de bibliografía complementaria, que privilegia una lectura reconstructiva de sus aportes de conocimiento en torno a la educación en Colombia, y sus propuestas más teóricas sobre la educación y la ciencia, en relación con la iap. Se plantea una reflexión final a partir de la senda pedagógica trazada por Fals Borda y la necesidad de seguir construyendo nuevos caminos de esperanza realista, a pesar de la incertidumbre populista que se cierne sobre la región y el mundo en el siglo XXI.
Peregrinación de Alpha. Por las provincias del norte de la Nueva Granada en 1850 y 1851, de M. Ancízar. Gustavo Silvia Carrero (editor)
Authors: Restrepo Forero Olga
Published: September 2019

A mis estudiantes siempre les aconsejo que piensen bien el tema de sus investigaciones, pues los/as perseguirán por muchos años. Mi primera publicación, por allá en 1984, trataba de la Comisión Corográfica y de las “ciencias sociales” en esta empresa científica de mediados del siglo xix (Restrepo, 1984). Correspondía a una sección de mi monografía de grado en Sociología (1983) que había realizado sobre la Comisión Corográfica cuando se celebraba, con la creación de una segunda Expedición Botánica, el bicentenario de aquella institución a cargo de José Celestino Mutis. Mal año, se diría, para tratar un capítulo de la historia de Colombia y de su ciencia, muy poco conocido entonces. Aun así, abordar temas poco estudiados también tiene recompensas y hasta el día de hoy mi artículo más citado (aunque en modesta medida), publicado hace veinte años, se refiere a la obra que emprendieron Manuel Ancízar y Agustín Codazzi en 1850: “Un imaginario de la nación. Lectura de láminas y descripciones de la Comisión Corográfica” (1999. El artículo sigue la obra de los comisionados en su empresa de retratar, como dirían sus contemporáneos, o de construir, como he preferido entender su trabajo, la nación que era la Nueva Granada. La obra de Manuel Ancízar que publica en una bella edición la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, en su biblioteca de Obras Escogidas (con la reproducción de treinta láminas del pintor venezolano Carmelo Fernández), representa el viaje por ocho provincias, de Bogotá a Cúcuta, por los actuales territorios de Cundinamarca, Boyacá y los Santanderes. Una mirada que abarca el pasado de esta extensa región, su presente y su futuro. Manuel Ancízar representa estas regiones en el triple sentido de la palabra.
Rubus glaucus Benth.: morphology and floral biology aimed at plant breeding processes
Authors: López Gutiérrez Ana María , Marulanda Angel Marta Leonor , Gómez López Lina María , Barrera Sánchez Carlos Felipe
Published: September 2019

Rubus glaucus is widely distributed throughout the three mountain ranges of Colombia, where the blackberry growers have highlighted the need to standardize the supply of planting material, starting with plant breeding schemes that lead to more productive varieties with morphological characteristics that ease agricultural activities. Plant breeding activities have improved by considering the pollination mechanisms of plants. The implementation of controlled sexual hybridization depends on these pollination mechanisms, and several plant breeding methods have been adapted to crop pollination patterns. Morphological characteristics and studies on the floral biology of R. glaucus Benth were conducted to improve plant breeding processes. In addition, a study on pollen viability and stigma receptivity were performed. The reported morphological characteristics of R. glaucus enabled characterization of its flowers as complete and perfect with a regular, actinomorphic, perianth heterochlamydeous, dialipetalous, and dialisepalous structure. Meanwhile, the evaluation of different collection times for pollen viability revealed significant differences. The highest pollen viability occurred at 10:00 am, followed by 9:00 am. Qualitative evaluation of stigma receptivity led to the conclusion that the highest stigma receptivity is at anthesis at 12:00 m.
In vitro study on the nematicidal effect of different plant extracts on Pratylenchus penetrans and Meloidogyne chitwoodi
Authors: Cóndor Golec Aníbal Franco
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the nematicidal effect of different glucosinolates and other secondary metabolites extracted from several plant species on the plant-parasitic nematodes Pratylenchus penetrans and Meloidogyne chitwoodi. Glucosinolate extracts from 16 species of genera Brassica, seven Lolium species and one species of Lupinus were used to investigate their nematicidal effect in vitro. From the tested extracts, the one obtained from Brassica juncea (oriental) showed the most promising results, controlling both nematode species. Lupinus sp. also showed positive results when tested against P. penetrans.
Combining ability as a function of inbreeding for fruit traits in Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Poir.
Authors: Restrepo-Salazar Javier Alonso , Vallejo-Cabrera Franco Alirio , Restrepo-Salazar Edwin Fernando
Published: September 2019

Three diallel crosses of butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata), each consisting of six parents with S0, S1, and S2 levels of inbreeding, were evaluated to estimate the effect of inbreeding on both general (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) for the following traits: fruit pulp thickness, number of seeds per fruit, fruit pulp color, dry matter, 100-seed weight, diameter of placental cavity, polar diameter of fruits, and equatorial diameter of fruits. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with four replicates, arranged in split plots, with the main plot corresponding to the diallel cross (level of inbreeding) and the subplot for the evaluated genotypes (six parents and 15 F1 hybrids, in each of the diallel crosses). Additive effects (GCA) were responsible for the genetic control of most of the traits in the three diallel crosses, whereas non-additive effects (SCA) were also responsible for the genetic expression of most of the traits, but almost exclusively in crosses between S1 and S2 inbred lines. Recommended genotypes for the simultaneous genetic improvement of fruit pulp thickness and color for the fresh consumption market, which is formed by consumers who prefer whole, non-sliced fruit, were the S0 parents (P3 and P4) as well as the between S2 lines hybrid (P1×P6). On the other hand, a genotype recommended for the improvement of the same traits but intended either for agro-industrial use or for the fresh consumption market formed by consumers for whom fruit weight is not a limiting characteristic for purchase (large fruits), was the S2 parent (P2).
Progressive Education – Didactic Challenges/Progresivno obrazovanje – izazovi didaktici
Authors: Kovačević Sonja
Published: September 2019

AbstractEver since they were established, schools and the teaching they entail have always been burdened by their progressive role. Progressive reformers were preoccupied with a pedagogical interpretation of the Paedocentric concept of education and the teaching methodology and methodological operationalization of the so-called child-centred method. The premise of pedagogical Progressivism was that education is based on the fact that the best way for people, as social beings, to learn and acquire knowledge is by engaging in real life activities. Processes of acquiring new knowledge occur with increasing frequency outside the formerly known didactic organizational scheme. If schools do not adapt quickly, they are bound to lose this race. Does progress, in the sense of teaching improvement, presume innovations in the educational technology, the teaching organization, or would progress in pedagogy mean something completely different today? As soon as we pose the question of quality, we raise questions of not only organization of the educational process but also the meaning and manner of learning and teaching in the era in which everything is relative, when all values fluctuate and everything becomes mutable and impermanent because of the influence of technology, media and virtual reality.Key words: didactics; organisational models; progressive education; teaching.---Sažetak Od nastanka škole i postojanja nastave u njoj postoji svojevrsno opterećenje o njezinoj progresivnoj ulozi. Progresivistički su reformatori bili zaokupljeni pedagoškom interpretacijom pedocentrističke koncepcije obrazovanja i metodološke i metodičke operacionalizacije tzv. metode usmjerene na dijete. Pedagoški progresivizam polazio je od toga da se obrazovanje temelji na činjenici da ljudi kao društvena bića najbolje uče i usvajaju znanja stvarnim životnim aktivnostima. Procesi usvajanja novih znanja sve češće se događaju upravo izvan do sada poznate didaktičke organizacijske sheme i ako ne pristane na brzo prilagođavanje, škola će izgubiti tu utrku. Podrazumijeva li napreadk u smislu unapređenja nastave novine u nastavno-obrazovnoj tehnologiji ili u nastavnoj organizaciji, ili je progres u pedagogiji danas nešto potpuno drugo? U trenutku kada postavimo pitanje kvalitete, otvorili smo pitanja ne samo organizacije nastavnog procesa već i smisla i načina učenja i poučavanja u eri u kojoj sve vrijednosti variraju i zbog utjecaja tehnologije, medija i virtualnosti sve postaje promjenjivo i nestalno. Ključne riječi: didaktika; nastava; organizacijski modeli; progresivno obrazovanje.
A Study of the consideration of bio monitoring of trace Elements in the human nail for the Biometric Authentication
Authors: N. Ambiga*, Dr. A.Nagarajan
Published: September 2019

the studies of trace element composition in the human nail is called ashuman bio monitoring. The composition of the chemicals and traceelements and concentration of the chemicals and trace elements in thehuman body fluids and human body tissues are observed .Theconcentration of trace elements for a healthy human being is stable for aparticular period of time in their nail and also the composition of chemicalelements in the nail differs to each individual. So the humans nails can beused as the bio marker for monitoring or quantifying the composition ofchemicals (major and trace elements) in the human body. So traceelement's composition and concentrations in the nail can be considered forBio-metrics authentication in future. Because the chemical composition ofnail and chemical concentration in the human nail differ from one peopleto another people and so this can be used to identify the individual infuture.Index terms–elements, trace elements, human bio monitoring, humanbody, nail
Reducing compulsive Internet use and anxiety symptoms via two brief interventions: A comparison between mindfulness and gradual muscle relaxation
Authors: Quinones Cristina , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: September 2019

Background

Compulsive Internet use (CIU) refers to those individuals who experience a loss of control regarding their online use. Although suffered by a minority, a much larger proportion of adults report to be experiencing early signs of CIU, which can become more problematic if sustained over time, especially when used as a coping mechanism for stress. Since compulsive behaviors are characterized by executing behaviors on “automatic pilot,” mindfulness techniques, which help individuals relate more consciously with their environment, could help develop a more adaptive relationship with technology. However, mindfulness interventions are often lengthy hence not ideal for busy individuals with early signs of CIU.

Aims

This study tested the effectiveness of a brief mindfulness intervention (10 min a day for 2 weeks) to reduce CIU and anxiety and depression symptoms, in relation to an equivalent length classic arousal descending technique (i.e., gradual-muscle-relaxation), and a wait-list control group.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was used with assessments at pre- and post-phases. Participants showing initial signs of CIU were allocated to a mindfulness-group (n = 343), gradual-relaxation (n = 301), or a wait-list control group (n = 350).

Results

The mindfulness and gradual-muscle-relaxation participants were equally effective in reducing anxiety and depression. The mindfulness intervention was more effective reducing CIU symptoms.

Discussion

Given the large sample sizes of this RCT, these results are promising, although follow-up studies are needed. Considering health hazards of the “always-on-culture” and the popularity of bite-sized learning, the effectiveness of easy-to fit-in daily life health practices is a positive development.
Comparative analysis of functional mobility among Hungarian community-living and institutionalized elderly individuals
Authors: Kovács É , Sztruhár I Jónásné , Mészáros L , Gyombolai ZS , Simon A , Farkas V
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Reduced functional mobility is a risk factor for falls. The Timed Up and Go test is a complex measurement tool for functional mobility. Our aims were to assess the functional mobility of: (a) community-living elderly who were participating in an exercise programme (n = 40; mean age = 73.7 years), (b) community-living elderly who were physically inactive (n = 40; mean age = 74.1 years), and (c) institutionalized elderly (n = 40; mean age = 73.5 years) and to compare the results with cut-off values for risk of fall.

Materials and methods

After measuring functional mobility, one-way independent ANOVAs and sample t-tests were used for analysis.

Results

The functional mobility of the active participants was better than that of the inactive (p < .001) and institutionalized participants (p < .001). There was no significant difference between the inactive and institutionalized participants (p = .990). The functional mobility of the active participants was better, whereas the functional mobility of the inactive participants was worse than the cut-off value of 13.5 s for risk of fall for community-living elderly. The functional mobility of the institutionalized participants did not differ from the 15-s reference value for predicting risk of fall.

Conclusion

The results indicate that regular physical activity has a positive effect on maintaining functional mobility among both community-living and institutionalized elderly individuals.
Trajetórias e experiências: a construção do sujeito político feminista desde uma perspectiva interseccional
Authors: Dell’Aglio Daniela Dalbosco , Machado Paula Sandrine
Published: September 2019

Resumo: Neste artigo, busca-se analisar a produção do sujeito político feminista no contexto da cidade de Porto Alegre, a partir das trajetórias de personagens que fizeram parte de um momento político: o “racha” da Marcha das Vadias, em 2014. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, para o qual foram realizadas sete entrevistas etnográficas, com ênfase na narrativa biográfica. As trajetórias analisadas, partindo das experiências, apontam para identificações com os feminismos de forma plural, sendo possível compreender de que modo a identidade política feminista se intersecciona com marcadores sociais da diferença como classe social, raça, geração e identidade de gênero. Esse estudo possibilita a visibilização de um conflito potente para a construção e pluralidade dos feminismos contemporâneos.
Microbiological reference material (bacterial and fungal domains): Definition, production rules, use and need for establishment in Brazil
Authors: Rosas Carla de Oliveira , Rodrigues Janaína Marques , Cruz Marcus Henrique Campino de la , Lopes Silvia Maria dos Reis , Souto Aline da Silva Soares , Brandão Marcelo Luiz Lima , Capasso Ivano Raffaele Victorio de Filippis
Published: September 2019

Abstract Reference materials are crucial for laboratory quality assurance. They are widely used for the internal quality control of analytical tests, in the validation of methodologies and as test items in proficiency tests. Microbiological reference materials are represented mainly by reference strains, whose use in laboratory internal quality control is unquestionable and recommended by several microbiological manuals. In Brazil, the practice of producing microbiological reference materials has advanced in recent years in the development of specific materials for proficiency testing. However, the same did not occur with the establishment of reference strains due to a lack of incentive policies, maintaining the country dependant on the use of international reference strains. This article aims to emphasize the importance of the use of microbiological reference materials in laboratory quality control and discuss the need for the development of such materials in Brazil. The paper presents a brief explanation of microbiological reference materials and points out questions concerning the country’s dependence on the acquisition of international biological materials. It also describes quality standards related to the production of these materials and the situation of culture collections and Brazilian reference laboratories that supply reference strains. The study also mentions practical recommendations on the subcultures of reference strains.
Hospital and oncological dental care: a series of cases
Authors: MACÊDO Thuanny Silva de , MELO Maria Cecília Freire de , VIDAL Aurora Karla de Lacerda
Published: September 2019

ABTRACT Hospital dental care is an educational and health care strategy whose purpose is to intervene, in a multidisciplinary way, in the health-disease process of vulnerable individuals, as unsatisfactory oral health is a risk factor for local and systemic infections. Patients in cancer treatment usually present oral manifestations because of the antineoplastic therapies to which they are submitted. Chemotherapy, radiation and cancer surgery, when the latter held in the head and neck region, have the potential to generate side effects in the oral cavity. These oral manifestations can be serious and interfere with the results of medical therapy, leading to important systemic complications, which can increase hospital stay, treatment costs, and affect the quality of life. In view of this reality, the incorporation of the dentist into the multiprofessional team in oncology is essential to guarantee the patient’s integral care in all stages of therapy. This article then proposes to report a series of cases of patients attended at the Dentistry Service of the Oncology Center of the Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital of the University of Pernambuco, that exemplify the dental surgeon performance in a hospital environment, participating as an active member of a multidisciplinary team in oncology.
Use of intrarradicular pins in primary teeth: case report of one year of accompanying
Authors: AMARAL Rafaela Cavalcanti , FERREIRA Ivana Aguiar , CAMPELLO Soraya Cristhina de Souza , CALVO Ana Flávia Bissoto , TEDESCO Tamara Kerber , IMPARATO José Carlos Petorossi
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT Primary teeth have an important role in the growth and development of the child, besides being important for the good performance of masticatory function, phonation, occlusion and aesthetics, are the best space maintainers and eruption guide for the permanent successor. For anterior region, there are different alternatives of rehabilitation treatment, however, it is up to the professional to choose the best option. Objective To present a therapeutic management of upper incisors affected by carious lesion with intrarradicular pin in early childhood. Case report: male patient, with 2 years and 7 months of age and significant loss of dental structure at an early stage. In the impossibility of performing direct restoration, we opted for the rehabilitation with the use of glass fiber pins for intraradicular reinforcement and composite resin restorations in order to restore shape, function and aesthetics. Conclusion The use of fiberglass intra-radicular pins associated with direct restoration of composite resin is a recommended technique for the reconstruction of anterior teeth with great destruction.
“Reverse Gerrymandering”: Manipulation in Multi-Group Decision Making
Authors: Lev Omer , Lewenberg Yoad
Published: September 2019

District-based manipulation, or gerrymandering, is usually taken to refer to agents who are in fixed location, and an external division is imposed upon them. However, in many real-world setting, there is an external, fixed division – an organizational chart of a company, or markets for a particular product. In these cases, agents may wish to move around (“reverse gerrymandering”), as each of them tries to maximize their influence across the company’s subunits, or resources are “working” to be allocated to areas where they will be most needed.In this paper we explore an iterative dynamic in this setting, finding that allowing this decentralized system results, in some particular cases, in a stable equilibrium, though in general, the setting may end up in a cycle. We further examine how this decentralized process affects the social welfare of the system.
Revenue Enhancement via Asymmetric Signaling in Interdependent-Value Auctions
Authors: Li Zhuoshu , Das Sanmay
Published: September 2019

We consider the problem of designing the information environment for revenue maximization in a sealed-bid second price auction with two bidders. Much of the prior literature has focused on signal design in settings where bidders are symmetrically informed, or on the design of optimal mechanisms under fixed information structures. We study commonand interdependent-value settings where the mechanism is fixed (a second-price auction), but the auctioneer controls the signal structure for bidders. We show that in a standard common-value auction setting, there is no benefit to the auctioneer in terms of expected revenue from sharing information with the bidders, although there are effects on the distribution of revenues. In an interdependent-value model with mixed private- and common-value components, however, we show that asymmetric, information-revealing signals can increase revenue.
La agricultura familiar y la economía solidaria: avance de investigación
Authors: Torrente-Castro Willian , Martínez Jarrison
Published: September 2019

Este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación enmarcada en la celebración del Año Internacional de la Agricultura Familiar 2014, para el caso específico de la Asociación de Mujeres Cafeteras del municipio de La Plata, Huila. Se visibilizan los múltiples aportes de la agricultura familiar en Colombia, así como se resaltan sus potencialidades para hacer frente a los retos de la agricultura y la alimentación en el país, que se potencializan cuando son tratados a través de una organización social y solidaria. La investigación permite evidenciar cómo en los sistemas de finca en los que se desarrolla la agricultura familiar se cumple con las siguientes características: tenencia lícita de la tierra; contratación de manode obra en épocas de cosecha (de resto se utiliza la mano de obra familiar); el sistema de producción mezcla el tradicional con el innovador o técnico; existe preocupación por la conservación de los suelos y del medio ambiente; tienen un producto comercial como eje económico, y desarrollan a la par otros sistemas productivos destinados al autoconsumo o al mercado; la multifuncionalidad los hace requerir de varias fuentes de recursos a la vez, entre otras. Asimismo, cuando se identifican necesidades comunes y existe compromiso por su satisfacción, se genera conciencia de que la agricultura familiar es una gran riqueza para los hogares. Sin embargo, se hace más visible el trabajo cuando se contribuye al desarrollo de cada una de las familias y comunidades a través de la asociatividad social y solidaria.
An Investigation into the Corrosion Rates of Inconel 600™ in Different Corrosive Solutions
Authors: Davoren Brandon , Ferg Ernst E. , Rust Nico
Published: September 2019

Inconel 600™, an austenitic high nickel alloy, has relatively low corrosion properties and is used extensively for aerospace and nuclear engineering applications. Other applications include exposure of the material to caustic and acidic environments and possible use in prosthetic implants. Electrochemical techniques, which include potentiodynamic polarization and polarization resistance, provide a means to rapidly determine the corrosion rates and the suitability of the alloy in a specific corrosive environment. The results from these two techniques were used to determine the corrosion rates as well as other thermodynamic properties for the alloy exposed to various strong and weak acids, salt and Ringer's solution. The results showed slight differences in the corrosion rates determined by the two electrochemical techniques, with those from the polarization resistance technique being on average larger. The corrosion activation energies determined for the alloy in different solutions were indicative of the corrosion rates with some anomalies in values for results observed in the 10 % acetic acid solution. The microstructural composition of the alloy was also investigated by SEM-EDS and showed peculiar inclusions that can contribute to an acceleration of the corrosion rates. Keywords: Inconel 600, corrosion rates, potentiodynamic polarization, polarization resistance, activation energy.
Concentration of Total Mercury in Convenience Fish Products and Cooked Fish
Authors: Panichev Nikolai A. , Panicheva Svetlana E.
Published: September 2019

Convenience fish products are very popular culinary items among South African customers because they do not require any preliminary preparation before cooking. To the best of our knowledge, convenience fish products had never been a subject of analysis for mercury (Hg) content in South Africa. A Zeeman Mercury Analyzer was used for direct determination of Hg in these products after thermal decomposition of samples followed by atomic absorption detection. The Hg concentrations in convenience fish products, namely 'Hake crumbed AA portions' and 'Hake AA portions' was found to be at a very low level (8.2 ± 1.1 ng g-1), and in the other convenience fish products 'Fish bites' and 'Battered mince portions' it was in the range of 48-64 ng g-1. In 'ready to eat' deep-fried fish, the concentrations of Hg varied in a much wider range (from 55 to 306 ng g-1). To estimate the health risk associated with Hg in these products, the safe amount of cooked in-store fish and convenience fish products have been calculated. Keywords: Convenience fish products, cooked fish, total mercury, mercury analyzer.
Embedding and freezing fresh human tissue in OCT using isopentane v1
Authors: Roberts Kenny , Tuck Liz
Published: September 2019

For many cutting-edge spatial transcriptomic analysis methods, it is essential to prepare and store tissue in a manner that preserves RNA integrity, tissue morphology, and spatial orientation. This protocol describes the process of freezing fresh or fixed and cryoprotected tissues in optimal cutting temperature compound (OCT) using an isopentane-dry ice slurry. Rapid controlled freezing preserves RNA and mimises ice damage, while embedding in OCT prepares tissues for future cryosectioning.
Estimation of the Orientations of the S‐net Cabled Ocean‐Bottom Sensors
Authors: Takagi Ryota , Uchida Naoki , Nakayama Takashi , Azuma Ryosuke , Ishigami Akira , Okada Tomomi , Nakamura Takeshi , Shiomi Katsuhiko
Published: September 2019

The Seafloor Observation Network for Earthquakes and Tsunamis along the Japan Trench (S‐net) is a novel cabled ocean‐bottom station network covering a broad offshore region east of northeastern Japan. To best use the S‐net data, we estimated sensor orientations of all 150 S‐net stations, because without this information the orientations of measurements in geodetical coordinates cannot be specified. We determined three parameters of the sensor orientation at each station: the tilt angle of the long axis of the cable, the rotation angle around the long axis, and the azimuth of the long axis. We estimated the tilt and rotation angles by using the direct current components of accelerometers recording the gravitational acceleration. The tilt and rotation angles slightly varied within the range of 0.001°–0.1° for most stations during the period from 2016 to 2018 except for coseismic steps of rotation angles greater than 1° because of the 20 August 2016 Mw 6.0 off Sanriku and 20 November 2016 Mw 6.9 off Fukushima earthquakes. The long‐axis azimuths were estimated by the particle motions of long‐period Rayleigh waves. We used the accelerometer records in 0.01–0.03 Hz of 7–14 teleseismic earthquakes with Mw 7.0–8.2. The azimuths were constrained with 95% confidence intervals of ±3°–12°. After correcting original waveforms based on the estimated sensor orientation, we confirmed coherent waveforms within the whole S‐net stations and separation of Rayleigh and Love waves in radial and transverse components. The waveforms were also coherent with those of on‐land broadband stations. We provide the estimated sensor orientations and rotation matrix for conversion from the XYZ to east, north, and up components. The estimated orientation can be a fundamental resource for further seismic and geodetic explorations based on S‐net data.
The Political Representation of Asian-Australian Populations since the End of White Australia
Authors: Kwok Jen Tsen , Pietsch Juliet
Published: September 2019

The racial and ethnic landscape in Australia has changed markedly since the beginning of the postwar migration period in which migrants arrived from Europe, and later from Asia in the late 1970s. While Australians with European ancestry have gradually made it into state and federal parliament, there has been less visibility for Australians of Asian descent. This article provides an overview of demographic migration trends and levels of Asian-Australian political representation in state and federal politics, drawing on data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and parliamentary websites. In doing so, we reflect on why political representation of Asian-Australian populations appears to be lagging so far behind.
Tiro con arco tradicional: un estudio piloto de electromiografía de superficie
Authors: Lima Rodríguez David , Ramírez Farto Emerson
Published: September 2019

El tiro con arco siempre ha sido un deporte minoritario, por lo que es un deporte poco investigado. El objetivo de este estudio piloto ha sido determinar la importancia del bíceps braquial del brazo de cuerda, porción lateral del tríceps braquial del brazo de cuerda, recto abdominal y erector spinae en su porción lumbar durante la acción técnica de tiro con arco en las divisiones de arco longbow y arco instintivo. Se análizó mediante electromiografía de superficie la activación muscular del bíceps braquial del brazo de cuerda, porción lateral del tríceps braquial del brazo de cuerda, recto abdominal y erector spinae en su porción lumbar el disparo de dos flechas a seis participantes. Los resultados apuntan a un mismo patrón de activación máxima y activación absoluta en cuatro de los y las seis participantes con mayor nivel de experiencia y rendimiento técnico y mejor adaptabilidad al propio material de entrenamiento. Los dos participantes con diferente patrón de activación máxima y activación absoluta, presentan dichos patrones similares entre ellos. Siendo los resultados de este estudio no aptos para la generalización, parece ser necesaria una mayor implicación de la porción lateral del tríceps braquial del brazo de cuerda respecto al bíceps braquial del brazo de cuerda. Pese a no haber sido posible comparar la implicación del recto abdominal con la implicación del erector spinae, la implicación máxima y absoluta del erector spinae puede tener influencia en la adopción de una postura poco estable durante la acción técnica de disparo de una flecha.
Los efectos del Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenidos y Lenguas Extranjeras en el área de Educación Física en Educación Primaria
Authors: Gil-López Víctor , Sierra-Díaz Manuel Jacob , González-Víllora Sixto
Published: September 2019

El estudio de lenguas extranjeras es una competencia primordial y popular en la actualidad. El Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenidos y Lenguas Extranjeras (AICLE) está siendo investigado y desarrollado cada vez con más frecuencia en España. El objetivo de esta investigación fue observar y comparar los efectos en el aprendizaje de contenidos, en la motivación y en las horas de estudio dedicadas en el aprendizaje de una lengua extrajera (en este caso inglés) usando la metodología AICLE en la asignatura de EF en comparación con la metodología de aula tradicional. Los resultados de este estudio con una muestra de 51 alumnos y alumnas de entre 8 y 9 años (8,76 ± 0,30 años), 25 de los cuales en el grupo experimental y 26 en el control, avalan y refuerzan lo ya estudiado hasta la fecha, analizando tres campos de estudio: aprendizaje de los contenidos teóricos, niveles de motivación y tiempo de estudio en el hogar. En conclusión, esta investigación desvela que la metodología AICLE en el área de Educación Física mejora la adquisición de los conocimientos en inglés por parte del alumnado, incrementa significativamente la motivación al tratarse de una metodología más participativa y disminuye significativamente el tiempo de estudio en el hogar.
Tres teorías sobre el derecho a la autodeterminación
Authors: Rubio Medina Edwin
Published: September 2019

El derecho tiene dos dimensiones: puede representar un statu quo injusto, pero asimismo puede representar una herramienta de lucha aplicable a cualquier actor social. Esta idea es desarrollada en este artículo a través del análisis del derecho a la autodeterminación.

La autodeterminación es un viejo concepto que representa el autogobierno ante los Estados. Sin embargo, recién a principios del siglo XX se reconoció como derecho y, posteriormente, como derecho humano. En este artículo, se analiza la noción de autodeterminación desde un alcance teórico sin dejar de lado algunos elementos históricos. Primero, el artículo explica lo que significó la autodeterminación desde el punto de vista de John Locke como representante de la ley natural: el liberalismo. Posteriormente, se analiza desde la perspectiva de Marx y Lenin, quienes se constituyeron en un fundamento a favor de la descolonización africana. Finalmente, se resalta cómo los movimientos indígenas globales reinterpretaron la noción de autodeterminación a través de la Constitución boliviana y el concepto de Sumak Kawsay. Este caso ejemplifica cómo el derecho y los derechos humanos pueden ser un territorio indeterminado y disputable.
Responsabilidad de mando y control efectivo del superior militar en el marco de la justicia transicional en Colombia
Authors: Huertas Díaz Omar , Silvera Sarmiento Astelio , Amaya Sandoval Carolina
Published: September 2019

La responsabilidad de mando por la comisión de graves crímenes contra los derechos humanos implica que el superior jerárquico, aun cuando no ordenó ni participó de la ejecución de los crímenes, debe responder por el actuar de sus subordinados por no haber evitado ni sancionado la ejecución de estos hechos. En esa medida, la normativa consuetudinaria y la internacional contemplan que el superior militar jerárquico que actúe efectivamente como tal es igualmente responsable bajo la figura del control efectivo o ejercido de facto; así, este concepto contempla como responsables a quienes, a pesar de no haber sido nombrados oficial o legalmente en calidad de superior militar, ejercen de facto tal función a través de una cadena de mando o por autoría mediata a través del dominio de organización. Sin embargo, encontramos que, pese a que la normativa y la jurisprudencia internacionales han delimitado el marco de aplicación de la responsabilidad de mando ejercida mediante control efectivo, dentro del ordenamiento jurídico colombiano no se contemplan dichos estándares, especialmente en lo que se refiere a su aplicación en el escenario de la justicia transicional en Colombia. De esta forma, en este artículo argumentaremos por qué esta limitación no suple las garantías ni los derechos de las víctimas dentro del Sistema Integral de Verdad, Justicia, Reparación y no Repetición.
Mothers and sisters: educators of sexual health information among young Niue women born in New Zealand
Authors: Ikihele Amio , Nosa Vili
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT:

Background:  For many Pacific youth in New Zealand, discussing sexual health topics with their parents or families remains a highly sensitive subject that is uncomfortable and culturally challenging.  These conversations are even more difficult for young Pacific females who are expected to show modest and virtuous behaviours. The aim of this paper is to describe the role of mothers and sisters in conveying sexual and reproductive health information among young Niue women born in New Zealand. 

Methods:  Twenty Niue young women took part in semi-structured qualitative interviews. The young women needed to be of Niue descent, born in New Zealand, living in Auckland and aged between 16-24 years. 

Findings:  This study highlighted the influential role of mothers – both Island born, and New Zealand born – within the home, with mothers identified as being more likely to be involved raising and educating daughters around sexual health.  The young women firmly believed mothers were their first teachers and were better placed to lead such sensitive discussions. Interestingly, the findings also drew attention to the role of sisters in the dissemination and search for sexual health information, with many of the participants reporting sisters as important positive influences.

Conclusion:   This research provides important findings on the role of Niue women – both mothers and sisters – who have been identified as a key source and educator of sexual health information.  These findings have significant relevance for Niue women and the potential for intergenerational discussions to take place, ensuring young Niue females are informed with adequate information and advice to make informed sexual health decisions.
Miliary Tuberculosis with Mediastinal and Cervical Lymph Node Involvement Complicated by an Eso- Mediastinal Fistula
Authors: S Guglielmi , G Guglielmi , S Mönig , JP Janssens , L Spahr
Published: September 2019

Esophageal involvement in tuberculosis is rare even in highly endemic areas for tuberculosis and is most often secondary to concomitant mediastinal lymph node infection. Endoscopy and imaging are essential for diagnosis. Conservative treatment is possible but the major risk is mediastinitis secondary to an eso-mediastinal fistula.
Implementasi Prinsip Nilai dan Etika Pekerja Sosial dalam Penanganan Pengemis di IPSM Yogyakarta
Authors: Putri Novie Purnia
Published: September 2019

Social work is as a help profession. It has a basic task in overcoming social problems, one of them is handling the beggars. The method used in this study was a qualitative method by describing the implementation of the value principles and ethics of social workers in handling the beggars through the Yogyakarta Society of Social Workers Association and the ethical dilemmas inside. The purpose of this study was expected to provide an overview of practices in the field as an effort to improve the quality of social work, increasingly to have adequate competence, both in terms of values and ethics in carrying out their profession. The results of this study indicated that in the implementation of the value principles and ethics of social workers with reviews of acceptance, individualization,  disclosure of feelings, non-judgmental attitudes, objectivity, self determination, confidentiality and accountability. The whole principles had been practiced. However, during practicing in the field, there were ethic dilemmas in the application of the principles. They were dilemmas in client confidentiality, policy laws, management care and scarce and limited resources.
Plant for the Treatment of Solid Municipal Waste and Snow
Authors: Sokolov L.I. , Fomenko A.I.
Published: September 2019

A new plant for the treatment solid municipal waste and melting snow removed from streets and roads. The development relates to the field of recovery of municipal waste by heat treatment.
The Use and Utilization of Chitosan Sorbents – the Residual Biomass of Microalgae Chlorella Sorokiniana
Authors: Smyatskaya Yu.A. , Fazullina A.A. , Politaeva N.A. , Zhazhkov V.V. , Pavlushkina Yu.E. , Dolbnya I.V.
Published: September 2019

The sorption properties of chitosan granules – the residual biomass of microalgae Chlorella Sorokiniana – that are formed after the extraction of valuable components from them (lipids, pigments, pectins) are studied. A literature analysis of the use of microalgae, chitosan and materials based on it for the purification of water from various pollutants has been carried out. The technique for obtaining chitosan granules – residual biomass is described, and their sorption properties are studied during the treatment of wastewater from iron(III) ions. The efficiency of wastewater treatment of iron(III) ions by chitosan granules is calculated – residual biomass, which for solutions with an initial concentration of 5 mg/l, it was 88 %. Microstructural studies of the surface of chitosan-residual biomass Chlorella Sorokiniana granules were carried out and their physicochemical and mechanical properties were studied. A comparative analysis of granules with DAK grade coal is given. It is shown that mechanical properties (abrasion, grindability) meet the requirements of GOST R 51641-2000. A technological scheme for the production, use and disposal of chitosan granules-residual biomass of Chlorella Sorokiniana is proposed.