bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The management of paediatric burns with Burns and Wounds ointment and burdock leaves: a case series
Authors: Nathan Shelby , Nanassy Autumn D , Burkey Brooke A , Davis Wellington J , Glat Paul M
Published: May 2020

Objective:

In the Amish community, natural therapies, such as Burns and Wounds (B&W) ointment and burdock leaves, are preferred over modern medicine when treating burn wounds. The primary aim of this case series is to highlight the use and clinical outcomes of this treatment for paediatric Amish patients.

Method:

At the a paediatric burn centre, two patients were treated with B&W ointment and burdock leaves. The first patient was 11 months old with 17% total body surface area (TBSA) partial and full-thickness scald burns to her lower extremities. The second patient was 24 months old with 20% TBSA partial-thickness scald burns to the torso, bilateral upper extremities, neck and chin.

Results:

Soon after presentation to the hospital, both patients developed positive wound cultures and required cessation of ointment and burdock leaf therapy. Both patients ultimately underwent surgical interventions.

Conclusion:

Managing burn wounds with B&W ointment and burdock leaves should be considered as an additional option for wound care in select cases. However, the efficacy of this therapy is limited and standard-of-care modern medical burn treatments should remain an option for these patients. It is critically important to build a mutually respectful relationship with Amish patients' community leaders, as this allows open communication and collaboration in patient care and increases the likelihood that Amish guardians will bring their children to a hospital when necessary.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in preventing mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective case series
Authors: Thibodeaux Kerry , Speyrer Marcus , Raza Amer , Yaakov Raphael , Serena Thomas E
Published: May 2020

Objective:

A pandemic afflicts the entire world. The highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus originated in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and rapidly spread across the entire globe. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)has infected more than two million people worldwide, causing over 160,000 deaths. Patients with COVID-19 disease present with a wide array of symptoms, ranging from mild flu-like complaints to life threatening pulmonary and cardiac complications. Older people and patients with underlying disease have an increased risk of developing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) requiring mechanical ventilation. Once intubated, mortality increases exponentially. A number of pharmacologic regimens, including hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin, antiviral therapy (eg, remdesevir), and anti-IL-6 agents (e.g., toclizumab), have been highlighted by investigators over the course of the pandemic, based on the therapy's potential to interrupt the viral life-cycle of SARS-CoV-2 or preventing cytokine storm. At present, there have been no conclusive series of reproducible randomised clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy of any one drug or therapy for COVID-19.

Cases:

COVID-19 positive patients (n=5) at a single institution received hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) between 13 and 20 April 2020. All the patients had tachypnoea and low oxygen saturation despite receiving high FiO2. HBOT was added to prevent the need for mechanical ventilation. A standard dive profile of 2.0ATA for 90 minutes was employed. Patients received between one and six treatments in one of two dedicated monoplace hyperbaric chambers.

Results:

All the patients recovered without the need for mechanical ventilation. Following HBOT, oxygen saturation increased, tachypnoea resolved and inflammatory markers fell. At the time of writing, three of the five patients have been discharged from the hospital and two remain in stable condition.

Conclusion:

This small sample of patients exhibited dramatic improvement with HBOT. Most importantly, HBOT potentially prevented the need for mechanical ventilation. Larger studies are likely to define the role of HBOT in the treatment of this novel disease.
Barbed and conventional sutures in spinal surgery patients: an economic and clinical outcomes comparison
Authors: Johnston Stephen S , Chen Brian Po-Han , Tommaselli Giovanni A , Jain Simran , Pracyk John B
Published: May 2020

Objective:

To compare economic and clinical outcomes of barbed sutures versus conventional sutures alone in wound closure for patients undergoing spinal surgery.

Method:

A retrospective study using the Premier Healthcare Database. The database was searched for patients who underwent elective inpatient spinal surgery (fusion or laminectomy) for a spinal disorder between 1 January 2014 and 30 June 2018 (first=index admission). Using billing records for medical supplies used during the index admission, patients were classified into mutually-exclusive groups: patients with any use of STRATAFIX (Ethicon, US) knotless tissue control devices (barbed sutures group); or patients with use of conventional sutures alone (conventional sutures group). Outcomes included the index admission's length of stay, total and subcategories of hospital costs, non-home discharge, operating room time (ORT, minutes), wound complications and readmissions within ≤90 days. Propensity score matching and generalised estimating equations were used to compare outcomes between the study groups.

Results:

After matching, 3705 patients were allocated to each group (mean age=61.5 years [standard deviation, SD±12.9]; 54% were females). Compared with the conventional suture group, the barbed suture group had significantly lower mean ORT (239±117 minutes, versus 263±79 minutes conventional sutures, p=0.015). Operating room costs were also siginificantly lower in the barbed suture group ($6673±$3976 versus $7100±$2700 conventional sutures, p=0.020). Differences were statistically insignificant for other outcomes (all p>0.05). Subanalysis of patients undergoing fusions of ≥2 vertebral joints yielded consistent results.

Conclusion:

In this study, wound closure incorporating barbed sutures was associated with lower ORT and operating room costs, with no significant difference in wound complications or readmissions, when compared with conventional sutures alone.
How to access ancient landscapes? Field survey and legacy data integration for research on Greek and Roman settlement patterns in Eastern Sicily
Authors: Rodolfo Brancato
Published: May 2020

The integration of field survey data from Eastern Sicily (the Plain of Catania) with legacy data available for the region will expand our knowledge on Mediterranean ancient rural landscapes. With an extent of 430 km2, the area is a perfect case study due to its geographical characteristics and the number of archaeological projects (both excavations and surveys) carried out within it in recent decades. Indeed, combining archaeological data from earlier research projects with new survey data allows us to conduct a settlement pattern analysis of the project’s study area. Heterogenous datasets have been integrated through their implementation into a geo-database, featuring the management and integration of topographical units and archaeological entities through semantic relations. Through geospatial data analysis based on the complete gazetteer of archaeological sites (whether sherd scatters, ruins, caves dwellings, tombs or tracks), a new image of rural landscapes for this area of Eastern Sicily from the Greek Archaic to the Late Roman Age can be visualized, beyond the traditional Sicilia frumentaria narrative.
CONSELHO MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO E A GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA EM MUNICÍPIOS GOIANOS
Authors: Raimann Ari , BARAÚNA FÁTIMA ALMEIDA
Published: May 2020

O texto analisa o modelo de gestão do Conselho Municipal de Educação (CME) em três municípios do Estado de Goiás - Rio Verde, Santa Helena de Goiás e Jataí-GO. A pesquisa de campo e documental, de natureza qualitativa foi norteada pela seguinte questão: quais seriam as formas de gestão e atuação dos CMEs em relação ao viés democrático?  Como procedimento metodológico, foram utilizados questionários com questões semiestruturadas. A análise teve como suporte a perspectiva crítica. Os dados mostraram que os Conselhos Municipais de Educação se constituem importantes mecanismos que contribuem para o fortalecimento da democracia local, e que podem se tornar um ambiente de articulação política, de organização e de reflexão da sociedade civil acerca dos desafios educacionais dos municípios.
O FINANCIAMENTO NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: EM FOCO O FUNDEB E OS DESDOBRAMENTOS COM O FIM DA VIGÊNCIA DA LEI
Authors: Fernandes Andressa Braga Busmeyer , Bortot Camila Maria , Fernandes Maria Nilvane
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo localiza-se dentre as pesquisas de políticas educacionais, em que se delimitou por tema o financiamento da/na educação infantil. Como objeto selecionamos o FUNDEB e suas relações com a Educação Infantil, com análise de seus impactos com o fim da vigência em 2020. Objetivou-se, compreender o impacto do financiamento na manutenção e qualidade da educação infantil, de forma particular o FUNDEB e as consequências acerca do fim da vigência do fundo. Conclui que discutir sua revisão é debater a implantação do CAQi e CAQ, além de lançar o olhar que há mais avanços do que limites sobre as políticas de fundos redistributivos como maneira de equalização da educação básica, sobretudo, na educação infantil e, que sem isso, a precarização se acirra e a qualidade não é alcançada.
Introduction to the Turkish Edition of How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
Authors: West Michael O.
Published: May 2020

Written as an original introduction for the first Turkish-language edition of How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, published in 2015 in Ankara, the author provides critical context for Walter Rodney's historically significant and best known work, very much still relevant now almost 50 years later. Extending Rodney's anticolonial interpretation of modern global history and its underlying exploitative relationalities to Turkish-language speakers is an important contribution of this translation, and the introduction aimed at introducing a new audience to Rodney, his life and background, his college and early professional years, his work in Tanzania, Jamaica, Guyana. In the process, a dense political description of the anticolonial 1960s and 1970s contexts Rodney lived in and influenced emerges across the Caribbean, Europe, North America and especially in Africa, where this book was written.
Rural non-profit leaders and their (in)formal role in local development
Authors: Potluka Oto , Fanta Petr
Published: May 2020

Current interest in place-based leadership is playing a crucial role in local development. It concerns mainly politicians and public servants. The role of non-profit leaders is still an under-researched topic. Thus, we ask the following research questions: Are rural areas with local action groups (LAGs) more attractive to people than those without? Within rural areas with LAGs, are those with a higher proportion of non-profit partners more attractive to people?

On a sample of 6,262 Czech municipalities, we tested whether membership of municipalities in LAGs and non-profit leadership attributed to positive migration balance. We did it by the application of the propensity score matching method combined with the difference–indifference approach.

We found positive estimates for both LAGs’ membership and non-profit leadership on the attractiveness of municipalities. The participation of non-profit leaders makes an important difference. These results underline the importance of bottom-up approaches with voluntary engagement. Moreover, our findings demonstrate contradictory aspects of top-down imposed policies.
Flexible coherent UDWDM-PON with dynamic user allocation based on limited-tunability lasers
Authors: Segarra Josep , Sales Vicent , Polo Víctor , Tabares Jeison , Prat Josep
Published: May 2020

Coherent wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technologies have leveraged the optical communication systems in core networks, increasing the fiber capacity by transmission with advanced modulation formats and mitigation of impairments with digital signal processing. However, these solutions are too expensive for access networks, where cost, power budget, and footprint are limited. Hence, the key technology will be developing low-cost coherent transceivers providing an excellent selectivity and giving high sensitivity, which allows high splitting ratios. This paper reports an experimental design of a low-cost coherent ultra-dense WDM passive optical network (UDWDM-PON) with 6.25 GHz channel spacing. The users’ optical network unit (ONU) is built employing coherent transceivers with two paired low-cost distributed feedback (DFB) lasers, one as the local oscillator and another as the transmitter, offering simplicity and low-cost hardware; likewise, the optical line terminal (OLT) at the central office can profit from the same design. The ONU DFB lasers have wavelengths with limited thermal tunability, controlled by a thermo-electric cooler, which is used to allocate the wavelengths. A medium access control (MAC) at the OLT manages the spectrum channel allocation for ONUs, demanding connection when activation is requested: the OLT furnishes an optical carrier wavelength for the ONU to obtain connection by a control algorithm, assigning a down-channel and another paired up-channel assigned to the ONU DFB transmitter. The MAC can reassign the channels because of interference or collision in a dynamic wavelength allocation. Measures in an activation process and in channel reassignment have been performed in environmental conditions, including control signals and the physical parameters of DFB lasers, demonstrating the practical viability of the PON scaling from 32 up to 256 wavelength channels.
Direct replication of a glass micro Fresnel zone plate array by laser irradiation using an infrared transmissive mold
Authors: Han Runjia , Lee Juho , Seong Baekcheon , Shin Ryung , Kim Donghyun , Park Changsu , Lim Jiseok , Joo Chulmin , Kang Shinill
Published: May 2020

It is not yet possible to fabricate micrometer-scale, glass optical components with nanometer-scale precision. Glass thermal imprinting enhances production efficiency. However, dimensional changes caused by shrinkage are inevitable because of phase transitions. Replication is very difficult when high-level pitch precision is essential. We used an infrared-transparent silicon mold and a CO2 laser to perform replica-type, thermal surface texturing at the nanoscale level; we analyzed a glass Fresnel zone plate array to this end. The Fresnel zone plate array was 10 × 10 mm2 in area and featured a 20 × 20 array. The individual Fresnel zone plate diameter was 500 µm and had 21 rings of minimum linewidth 2.9 µm and height 737 nm.
Self-similar propagation of optical pulses in fibers with positive quartic dispersion
Authors: Runge Antoine F. J. , Alexander Tristram J. , Newton Joseph , Alavandi Pranav A. , Hudson Darren D. , Blanco-Redondo Andrea , de Sterke C. Martijn
Published: May 2020

We study the propagation of ultrashort pulses in optical fiber with gain and positive (or normal) quartic dispersion by self-similarity analysis of the modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We find an exact asymptotic solution, corresponding to a triangle-like

T

4

/

3

intensity profile, with a

T

1

/

3

chirp, which is confirmed by numerical simulations. This solution follows different amplitude and width scaling compared to the conventional case with quadratic dispersion. We also suggest, and numerically investigate, a fiber laser consisting of components with positive quartic dispersion that emits quartic self-similar pulses.
Radiological Images In Covid-19: An Integrative Review
Authors: Albuquerque Lucas Tavares Cruz de , Modesto Caroline Pereira , Albuquerque Ana Beatriz Tavares Cruz de , Vasconcelos Danilo Campos de Moraes , Pinheiro Raphael Xenofonte Morais
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The objective of this work is to describe the possible radiological manifestations of viral pneumonia caused by the coronavirus, to improve the early detection of this pathology through the use of imaging tests, in addition to the evaluation of the differential diagnoses raised by non-specific respiratory symptoms. When indicated, the protocol is a High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) with low dose protocol, if possible. The use of intravenous contrast medium is reserved for specific situations to be determined by the radiologist. The findings vary according to the time of the disease's evolution, with radiological presentation in 03 (three) distinct phases: initial phase, intermediate phase and late phase. Most commonly, focal or multifocal ground-glass attenuation opacity is evidenced, among others. Imaging exams contribute to the investigation of suspected coronavirus infection and exclusion of other respiratory pathologies that will manifest with different radiological patterns. Keywords: COVID-19. Viral pneumonia. Radiology.
Evaluation of the use of steel slag in micro surfacing
Authors: De Castro Pedro Bastos , Da Silva Bruno Tiago Angelo , Barroso Suelly Helena De Araújo
Published: May 2020

Micro surfacing (MS) is a type of bituminous coating frequently applied in the surface of pavement structures in order to prevent the occurrence of common distress and/or as a maintenance procedure. Micro surfacing has successfully been used in some states of Brazil as well as in many countries all over the world. Local aggregates used for micro surfacing composition are in some cases scarce and/or expensive. Therefore, the main objective of the present research is to verify the technical, financial and environmental viability of using steel slag aggregate (SSA) in micro surfacing applications. To reach the main objective, a procedure was developed in four steps. In the first step it was made the characterization of conventional (granitic) and alternative aggregates (steel slag) and polymer-modified emulsified asphalt. In the second step, mix design, surface abrasion resistance and setting time tests were performed. In the third step, the micro surfacing mechanical performance was analyzed using a laboratory traffic simulator to observe accumulated permanent deformation; surface wear; micro texture and macro texture. In the fourth step, a comparative study of costs concerning micro surfacing application using conventional mineral aggregate (MS-MA) and alternative aggregates (MS-SSA) were performed. The laboratory procedure results indicated that the steel slag studied has the potential to be used in micro surfacing applications with more rutting resistance and better durability. The cost analysis showed for medium transport distances bigger than 60 km, the MS-SSA will be cheaper than MS-MA solution.
Evaluation of permanent deformation of asphalt rubber using multiple stress creep recovery tests and flow number tests
Authors: Klinsky Luis Miguel Gutierrez , Bardini Vivian Silveira dos Santos , De Faria Valeria Cristina
Published: May 2020

This study used the Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Test (MSCR) and the Flow number test to analyze the characteristics of asphalt rubber and its use in hot mix asphalt (HMA) regarding to their ability to withstand permanent deformation. MSCR tests were done in three commercial asphalt rubber and in the traditional asphalt binder 50/70. Flow number tests were performed in twenty four specimens of asphalt rubber mixtures and eight specimens of conventional asphalt mixtures. The results of these tests showed that all the asphalt rubber samples had lower compliance values (Jnr) in the MSCR test, which denotes that these modified binders improved the rutting resistance of HMA. This behavior was confirmed with flow number results, since the HMA produced with asphalt rubber had always higher flow number values, when compared to the conventional asphalt mixtures. The analysis of the data showed excellent correlation between Jnr values and FN values.
Evaluation of binder blending on warm mix asphalt recycling
Authors: Gaspar Matheus S. , Vasconcelos Kamilla L. , Lopes Manuela M. , Bernucci Liedi L. B.
Published: May 2020

A produção de misturas asfálticas com teores elevados de material fresado (RAP) sem prejuízo ao desempenho em campo ainda é um desafio. Nas reciclagens a quente e morna, o ligante presente no RAP é ativado, mas não se sabe quanto dele efetivamente interage com o ligante novo. Neste trabalho, é aplicado um procedimento laboratorial de extração por etapas que busca avaliar a homogeneidade do ligante asfáltico em duas misturas mornas produzidas em usina, uma delas com 25% RAP e a outra sem RAP (mistura de controle). As “camadas” de ligante obtidas foram testadas no Reômetro de Cisalhamento Dinâmico. Os resultados mostraram que, para a mistura com 25% RAP, os parâmetros analisados variaram de forma progressiva, diferente da mistura de controle. O procedimento se mostrou útil para avaliar a homogeneidade do ligante, o que está relacionado ao grau de interação entre ligantes e pode ser usado para assegurar um bom desempenho.
Breaking Through Student Bias with Creative Debate Assignments
Authors: Settlage Daniel M.
Published: May 2020

This Quick Hit article outlines a method used to successfully breakthrough student bias surrounding controversial issues in the classroom. The method uses a debate with randomized position assignments to encourage students to consider all sides of the topic. Student feedback is overwhelmingly positive and students appear to develop a newfound respect and deeper understanding of the assigned subject.
Diverse Student Perceptions of Active Learning in a Large Enrollment STEM Course
Authors: Kressler Benikia , Kressler Jochen
Published: May 2020

The concept of active learning as a superior mode of instruction has recently received great attention in the education research literature. It holds promise of steering students away from rote memorization towards higher order thinking. However, few studies focus on student perceptions of higher order thinking activities and diverse student voices are all but absent in this regard. This study applies a combined approach of exploratory qualitative and supplementary quantitative analysis to address this gap. We examined perceptions of underrepresented and non-underrepresented students regarding their engagement in active learning to foster higher order thinking.  The study was set within a large enrollment (198 students), undergraduate course in the area of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). The study sample comprised of 33 purposefully selected, ethnically and racially diverse students.  Data sources included class attendance/participation, graded activity assignments, and a perception survey. Class attendance and graded assignments were used to triangulate responses on the perception surveys. The Generic Inductive Approach supported our qualitative analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed via two-way ANOVA, non-parametric Mann-Whitney Test (when assumptions did not hold) and simple linear regression. Findings include three themes that cut across groups; participants perceived their higher order thinking skills improved, that there were benefits and challenges to active learning and a fear of failing the course. Quantitative data from the active learning activities and attendance supported similar engagement and achievement in higher order thinking activities across race/ethnicity groups as differences failed to reach the a priori established significance threshold. This study extends the knowledge on active learning and demonstrates that it was possible to engage underrepresented and non-underrepresented students equally and effectively in higher order thinking actives in large enrollment courses and that students perceived this as beneficial.
Field-based Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Fedesco Heather N. , Cavin Drew , Henares Regina
Published: May 2020

Field-based learning in higher education is lacking both in practice at colleges and in research within the academic literature. This study aims to address these deficits by exploring the benefits of, and suggesting strategies for, executing field study in higher education across a variety of courses. We report the results of a qualitative research design that included the observation of five courses within the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Approximately eight students per observed course were interviewed three times during their course to assess perceptions of the class, their peers and instructor, the field experiences, and their motivation throughout the course. In total, 130 individual interviews were conducted with 45 students. Results revealed that field-based learning enhances the degree of relatedness students feel with their classmates and instructors, they have a greater degree of intrinsic motivation in the course, and these experiences facilitate learning in ways that may not be replicated in the traditional classroom. In addition, we created a typology of field-based learning, which includes eight different trips that could be employed in higher education courses. We also identified general strategies to improve the execution of these trips.
DEVELOPMENT OF A PROCESS MODEL OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE ORGANIZATION
Authors: Mozhaeva T. P.
Published: May 2020

The article describes an approach to the development of a model of human resources management in the quality management system (QMS) of the organization on the basis of their dual nature and process approach in the interpretation of international standards ISO 9000:2015.The analysis of scientific views on the specifics of human resources. The ambiguity of the nature of human resources and in this regard the heterogeneity of personnel processes. The expediency of design of personnel processes on the basis of integration of such tools as methodology IDEF0, functional cost analysis (FSA), PDCA cycle is proved. In the context of risk-based thinking, an algorithm of personnel risk management based on SWOT analysis and statistical justification of the results is proposed. The application of the proposed approach will ensure the correct modeling of human resources management processes in the QMS.
SOME FEATURES OF ULTRASONIC TESTING OF CAST IRON OBJECTS WITH FLAKE AND GLOBULAR GRAPHITE USING NORMAL LINEAR PROBES WITH PHASED ARRAYS
Authors: Danilov V. N. , Voronkova L. V.
Published: May 2020

Computer modelling of the acoustic characteristics of signals of direct normal probe with phased array (PFR) in the cast iron with flake and globular graphite was performed. As a result the form of acoustic pulses of a longitudinal wave, depending on the passed by wave distance and the values of attenuation coefficient for different models of cast iron was calculated. The main modeled characteristics of the probe include the directivity characteristic and the change in the amplitude of the signal along the acoustic axis. It is shown that the difference in the PFR directivity characteristics for cast iron with flake graphite of different models and steel is due to two factors – significantly lower longitudinal wave velocities in cast iron compared to steel and a decrease in its operating frequency due to attenuation. In this case, for cast iron with globular graphite, a small change in the width of the diagrams is due only to the lower speed of longitudinal waves in cast iron compared to steel. For cast iron with flake graphite model 3, the phenomenon of nonlinear attenuation due to a decrease in the frequency of the maximum of the signal spectrum during the propagation of a longitudinal wave in cast iron with a corresponding decrease in the frequency – dependent attenuation coefficient is established. Evaluation of the nonlinearity of attenuation for cast iron with globular graphite showed that it is very small. The influence of calculation of initial signal delays on the velocity of longitudinal waves in steel on the directivity characteristics in cast iron, decreasing with increasing focus distance, is established. It is shown that for cast iron with flake graphite there are cases when the direction of transmitting of PFR in cast iron is practically absent.
ULTRASOUND TESTING WITH USING OF THE PHASED ARRAY PROBES. BASIC PRINCIPLES. PART 1
Authors: Pankov V. V. , Pomerantsev D. S.
Published: May 2020

This article discusses the current state of standardization in the Russian Federation in the field of application of ultrasonic testing using a phased array. Attention is drawn to the problem of the lack of national standards (especially terminological), which clearly hinders the active development and implementation of the PA UT method in practice. The basic principles of the classical technology of phased arrays are analyzed. Electronic linear scanning, electronic scanning and combined scanning. Combined scanning has several advantages: a high probability of detecting defects, high scanning speed, quick setup and calibration, quick data analysis and small file size in comparison with conventional sector scanning. Some difficulties were noted when trying to work with classical DGS-curves using the synthetic focusing methods SAFT or FMC / TFM with beam focusing at each image reconstruction point.
Роль участкового врача во мнениях молодых и опытных профессионалов
Authors: Решетников Андрей Вениаминович , Айвазян Шогик Грандовна , Присяжная Надежда Владимировна
Published: May 2020

В статье рассматривается феномен социальной трансформации профессиональной роли участкового врача-терапевта в современных общественно-исторических условиях. Авторы на основе изучения особенностей взаимоотношений врача-терапевта и пациента выделяют главный спектр социальных ожиданий в отношении медицинской профессии. Одновременно на фоне преобразований организационных условий профессиональной деятельности, затрагивающих практику работы медицинских специалистов, наблюдается изменение требований к выполняемым представителями врачебных профессий функциям и ролевым задачам. Не менее важным фактором изменений профессиональной роли врача-терапевта выступают революционно трансформирующиеся социально-культурные установки современного общества. Указанные обстоятельства обусловливают формирование ряда ролевых конфликтов при выполнении врачом-терапевтом профессиональных обязанностей и влияют на специфику конструирования его профессиональной идентичности (самоопределения), вследствие чего трансформируются и составляющие профессиональной роли.
Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
PERBEDAAN KADAR KOLESTEROL LDL DARAH TIKUS SPRAGUE DAWLEY PADA PEMBERIAN KOPI FILTER DAN TANPA FILTER
Authors: Sari Raysa Tanjung , Puruhita Niken
Published: May 2020

Background : Coffee contains cafestol and kahweol which can increase LDL cholesterol levels. Effect of cafestol and kahweol with chlorogenic acids are antagonist in coffee. Chlorogenic acids is strong antioxidant in coffee. Unfiltered coffee contains more chlorogenic acids and cafestol than filtered coffee. The study aims to determine the differences of LDL cholesterol levels of Sprague Dawley rats in giving filtered and unfiltered coffee. Methods : a laboratory experimental study, with randomized pre-post test control group design, with a simple random sampling to 28 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups. The first treatment was given unfiltered coffee 4x2.7 ml, the second treatment was given filtered coffee 4x2.7 ml and the control was given water 4x2.7 ml for 28 days. LDL cholesterol levels were determined by the homogenous enzyme method. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and Oneway ANOVA test at 95% confident level. Results : Changes levels of LDL cholesterol in filtered coffee (0.85 mg/dl) are higher than unfiltered coffee (0.15 mg/dl). However statistical test shows there is no significant difference of LDL cholesterol in filtered and unfiltered coffee (p>0.05). Conclusion : There is no significant difference of LDL cholesterol levels of Sprague Dawley rats in filtered and unfiltered coffee.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS TOMAT (LYCOPERSICUM COMMUNE) TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH WANITA POSTMENOPAUSE HIPERTENSIF
Authors: Lestari Aryati Puji , Rahayuningsih Hesti Murwani
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT Background: Hypertension is the third leading cause of death in Indonesia reached 6.7% of the population mortality at all ages. The blood pressure of postmenopausal women tends to increase due to decreased of the protective effect of estrogens and increased of salt sensitivity. Tomato fruit (Lycopersicum commune) contains potassium and lycopene which has the effect of decreasing blood pressure.Objective: Determine the effect of consuming tomato juice (Lycopersicum commune) to the blood pressure of hypertensive postmenopausal women.Method: This study is an experiment with a pre-post test control group design. The numbers of study subjects are 34 respondents with systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and or diastolic ≥ 90mmHg. The tomato juice of 200 ml consumption once a day for 7 days is made from 150 gram tomato, 5 gram sugar, and 50 ml water.Result: There is a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 11.76 ± 7.276 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of  8.82 ± 3.321 mmHg in the treatment group. The tomato juice consumption significantly influences the decrease in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.Conclusion: The tomato juice significantly decreases the systolic and diastolic blood pressures in postmenopausal hypertensive women.Keywords: tomato juice, blood pressure, hypertension
PERBEDAAN KADAR KOLESTEROL LDL DAN HDL ANTARA WANITA VEGETARIAN TIPE VEGAN DAN NON-VEGAN
Authors: Edyanto Ermia , Puruhita Niken
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBackground: Studies which investigated different risk for cardiovascular disease in vegetarian reported that each vegetarian diet type had different lipid serum level. Elevated LDL cholesterol level and reduced HDL cholesterol level are independent risk factors for coronary heart disease. This study was aimed to compare levels on LDL and HDL cholesterol between vegetarian vegan and non-vegan.Methods: Two groups of vegetarian women, 23 people in each group of vegan and non-vegan, participated in this cross-sectional study. The data taken of each subject were nutrient intakes (total fat, PUFA, MUFA, SFA, cholesterol, and total fiber), physical activity, body weight, height, LDL and HDL cholesterol serum levels. Data were analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test, independent-t test, Mann-Whitney test and ANACOVA test.Results: There were no significant differences on LDL and HDL cholesterol serum levels between vegetarian vegan and non-vegan, both before and after variables i.e age, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), amount of total fat, PUFA, MUFA, SFA, cholesterol, and total fiber adjusted (p > 0,05). LDL cholesterol levels for vegetarian vegan and non-vegan were respectively: 97,8 ± 54,87 mg/dl and 112,6 ± 36,03 mg/dl, while for HDL cholesterol, those levels were 54,9 ± 11,15 mg/dl and 55,2 ± 10,82 mg/dl. In multivariant analysis, the most influential variables on LDL cholesterol serum level were age (p = 0,001) and physical activity (p = 0,010), while for HDL serum cholesterol were BMI (p = 0,010) and total fat (p = 0,012). This study also found the significant difference of BMI between vegetarian vegan and non-vegan (p = 0,011), whose for each of groups’ BMI, were respectively: 20,9 ± 3,08 kg/m2 and 23,5 ± 3,53 kg/m2. Conclusion: LDL and HDL cholesterol serum levels are not different between vegetarian vegan and non-vegan. BMI of both groups is different. Age and physical activity affect on LDL serum cholesterol level, while BMI and total fat affect on HDL serum cholesterol level. LDL cholesterol serum level and BMI in vegetarian vegan  are lower than non-vegan. Key words: Vegetarian diet, vegan, non-vegan, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KEFIR SUSU SAPI TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL TOTAL TIKUS JANTAN SPRAGUE DAWLEY
Authors: Wahdania Finta , Pramono Adriyan
Published: May 2020

Background : A high serum cholesterol level might become one of contributing risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Serum cholesterol level could decreased by acid lactic bacteria (ALB) content. Kefir, one of probiotic product have been claimed as a cholesterol-lowering agent. The purpose of this research was to determine effect of cwo milk kefir to serum total cholesterol level in animal model. Method : true-experimental by using pre post test with randomized control group design. Twenty eight male Sprague dawley rat were divided into four group (K,P1, P2, P3) and induced by high cholesterol diet. Intervention started from 1,5 ml; 2 ml and 3 ml of kefir respectively to P1, P2 and P3 for fifteen days. Cholesterol level was examined by CHOD-PAP method. Data was examined by using one way ANOVA. Result : Total cholesterol level decreased significantly in all group but there is no defference between group. The highest reduction of total cholesterol was 31,45%, found in group P3 followed by 31,40% for K; 30,90% for P2 and 27,04 % for P1. Conclusion : kefir administration did not contribute in lowered total cholesterol level, result of this study did not support administration of kefir as a cholesterol-lowering agent
HUBUNGAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH, MASSA LEMAK TUBUH, ASUPAN KALSIUM, AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN KEPADATAN TULANG PADA WANITA DEWASA MUDA
Authors: Hermastuti Arofani , Isnawati Muflihah
Published: May 2020

Latar Belakang: Kepadatan tulang rendah dapat disebabkan IMT, massa lemak tubuh, asupan kalsium, dan aktivitas fisik yang rendah. Pada dewasa muda, kepadatan tulang rendah akan meningkatkan risiko osteoporosis. Namun, penelitian terbaru menyatakan risiko osteoporosis meningkat pada obesitas. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan IMT, massa lemak tubuh, asupan kalsium, aktivitas fisik dan kepadatan tulang pada wanita dewasa muda. Metode: Penelitian dilaksanakan di kampus Program Studi Ilmu Gizi Fakultas Kedokteran UNDIP Semarang pada bulan Mei 2012, merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Subjek adalah 38 wanita dewasa muda berusia 18-23 tahun. Pengukuran berat badan dan persentase massa lemak tubuh menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer (BIA), tinggi badan dengan mikrotoise, asupan kalsium melalui kuesioner FFQ, tingkat aktivitas fisik melalui kuesioner International Physical Activity Questionnaire, dan kepadatan tulang pada calcaneus diukur menggunakan densitometer ultrasound. Analisis data dengan Shapiro-Wilk, korelasi Pearson product moment dan korelasi rank-Spearman. Hasil: Sebagian besar subyek (60,5%) memiliki kepadatan tulang kategori normal dan 39,5% osteopeni. Sebanyak 55,3% subyek memiliki IMT normal, 63,2% memiliki massa lemak tubuh normal, 71,1% memiliki tingkat aktivitas fisik kategori sedang, dan 63,2% memiliki asupan kalsium kurang dari AKG. Asupan kalsium memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan kepadatan tulang (r =0,351; p<0,05). Namun, IMT, massa lemak tubuh dan aktivitas fisik tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna (p>0,05) dengan kepadatan tulang pada wanita dewasa muda. Kesimpulan: asupan kalsium berhubungan dengan kepadatan tulang pada wanita dewasa muda.
PENGARUH ASUPAN MAKAN (ENERGI, KARBOHIDRAT, PROTEIN DAN LEMAK) TERHADAP DAYA TAHAN JANTUNG PARU (VO2 MAKS) ATLET SEPAK BOLA
Authors: Pertiwi Arum Bunga , Murbawani Etisa Adi
Published: May 2020

Latar Belakang : Asupan zat gizi yang seimbang dapat mempengaruhi performa seorang atlet pada saat bertanding. Secara umum pemain sepak bola memerlukan pemenuhan energi, karbohidrat, protein dan lemak dengan mempertimbangkan latihan dan aktivitas fisik sehari-hari. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh asupan makan (energi, karbohidrat, protein dan lemak) terhadap daya tahan jantung paru (VO2 maks) atlet sepak bola. Metode : Studi eksperimental quasi dengan pendekatan one group pre and post test design pada 19 atlet sepak bola berusia 14-18 tahun di Pusat Pendidikan dan Latihan Pelajar Jawa Tengah pada bulan Juni 2012. Selama sebelas hari subjek diberi makanan yang terdiri dari 55-60% karbohidrat, 15-20% protein dan 20-30% lemak dari total kebutuhan atau pengeluaran energi per hari. Pengukuran daya tahan jantung paru dilakukan dengan metode Cooper Test. Hasil : Asupan energi, karbohidrat, protein dan lemak tidak berpengaruh terhadap daya tahan jantung paru dengan nilai p > 0,05. Simpulan : Asupan energi, karbohidrat, protein dan lemak tidak berpengaruh terhadap daya tahan jantung paru atlet sepak bola. Daya tahan jantung paru dipengaruhi oleh indeks massa tubuh.
FAKTOR RISIKO HIPERTENSI DITINJAU DARI KEBIASAAN MINUM KOPI (Studi Kasus di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ungaran pada Bulan Januari-Februari 2012)
Authors: Martiani Ayu , Lelyana Rosa
Published: May 2020

Latar Belakang: Kopi merupakan salah satu minuman favorit di dunia. Konsumsi kopi mempengaruhi hipertensi telah lama menjadi perdebatan. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada frekuensi tertentu kebiasaan minum kopi justru merupakan faktor protektif hipertensi. Kopi dapat mempengaruhi tekanan darah karena adanya kandungan polifenol, kalium, dan kafein. Polifenol dan kalium bersifat menurunkan tekanan darah, sedangkan kafein bersifat meningkatkan tekanan darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko hipertensi ditinjau dari kebiasaan minum kopi. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan menggunakan desain kasus kontrol. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 94 orang, terdiri dari 47 kasus dan 47 kontrol. Subjek penelitian adalah pria warga wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ungaran yang berusia 45-65 tahun, diambil secara consecutive sampling. Kebiasaan minum kopi dilihat dari jenis kopi, frekuensi, kekentalan, dan lamanya minum kopi yang ditanyakan langsung dengan kuesioner. Analisis statistik yang dilakukan adalah uji Chi Square dan dilakukan perhitungan OR (Odd Ratio) untuk besarnya risiko. Hasil: OR subjek yang minum kopi ≥5 cangkir per hari kopi (p=1,000 OR=1,27, IK 95%:0,08-21,10) lebih rendah dibanding subjek yang minum kopi 1-2 cangkir per hari (p=0,017 OR=4,12, IK 95%:1,22-13,39), walaupun secara statistik tidak bermakna. OR subjek minum kopi 3-4 cangkir per hari (p=1,000; OR=0,95; IK 95%:0,20-4,57) lebih rendah dibanding subjek yang tidak minum kopi, walaupun secara statistik tidak bermakna. Subjek yang mengkonsumsi kopi 1-2 cangkir per hari, meningkatkan risiko hipertensi 4,11 kali lebih tinggi (p=0,017; OR=4,11; IK95%:1,22-13,93) dibandingkan subjek yang tidak minum kopi. Simpulan: Kebiasaan minum kopi meningkatkan risiko kejadian hipertensi, namun tergantung dari frekuensi konsumsi harian.
GAMBARAN KEBIASAAN KONSUMSI MIE INSTAN PADA ANAK USIA 7-12 TAHUN Studi di Sekolah Dasar Kanisius Tlogosari Kulon Semarang
Authors: Ratnasari Dewi Kristina , Wirawanni Yekti
Published: May 2020

Latar Belakang: Mie instan disukai berbagai kalangan karena praktis, harga terjangkau dan rasanya yang enak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kebiasaan mengkonsumsi mie instan pada anak.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Subyek ini adalah siswa kelas 1-6 di SDN Kanisius Tlogosari Kulon. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan simple random sampling. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 80 siswa. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner dan tabel food recall selama 3 hari.Hasil: jumlah mie instan yang dikonsumsi selama 3 hari recall sebanyak 25,0% subyek mengkonsumsi mie instan <3 bungkus, terdapat 10,0 subyek memiliki frekuensi kebiasaan mengkonsumsi mie instan >4xseminggu. 62,5% subyek memiliki kebiasaan mengkonsumsi mie instan tanpa menambahakan bahan makanan lain. Sebanyak 46,3% subyek memiliki kontribusi asupan energi <20% dari asupan energi total, 50,0% subyek memiliki kontribusi asupan protein mie instan <15% dari asupan protein total, 47,5 subyek memiliki kontribusi asupan natrium mie instan sebanyak >70% dari asupan natrium total.Simpulan: Siswa-siswi di SD Kanisius Tlogosari Kulon Semarang ini sering mengkonsumsi mie instan sebagai makanan jajanan maupun sebagai makanan pokok. Masih banyak siswa –siswi yang mengkonsumsi mie instan tanpa menambahkan bahan makanan lain sebagai pelengkap kebutuhan gizinya dan kontribusi asupan natrium mie instan masih cukup tinggi.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA BEBERAPA INDIKATOR STATUS GIZI DENGAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA REMAJA
Authors: Novianingsih Eva , Kartini Apoina
Published: May 2020

Latar belakang: Hipertensi tidak hanya terjadi pada orang dewasa, tetapi juga dapat terjadi pada remaja. Di Indonesia prevalensi hipertensi remaja sebesar 8,4%. Pada anak obesitas ditemukan prevalensi hipertensi sebesar 20 - 30%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui indikator status gizi mana yang paling berpengaruh terhadap tekanan darah pada remaja. Metode: Rancangan penelitian adalah cross sectional dengan jumlah subyek 34 anak usia 11 - 14 tahun. Indikator status gizi terdiri dari Indeks Masa Tubuh (IMT), Lingkar Pinggang (LiPi), Rasio Lingkar Pinggang Tinggi Badan (RLPTB), dan Lingkar Leher (LL) ditetapkan sebagai variabel independen, sedangkan tekanan darah sistolik (TDS) dan tekanan darah diastolik (TDD) sebagai variabel dependen. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah pearson product moment dan multivariat linear backward regression. Hasil: Prevalensi obesitas berdasarkan IMT/U sebesar 14,7%, LiPi sebesar 23,5%, RLPTB sebesar 47,1%, dan LL sebesar 29,5%. Prevalensi hipertensi sebesar 14,7%. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan tekanan darah. Hasil uji multivariat menunjukkan bahwa pada kedua jenis kelamin TDS dan TDD dipengaruhi oleh IMT (b, 0.440; p, 0.010 dan b, 0.693; p, 0.000). Pada remaja Laki – laki TDS dipengaruhi oleh IMT (b, 0.76; p, 0.000) dan TDD oleh LiPi (b, 0.708; p, 0.001). Pada remaja perempuan TDS dan TDD dipengaruhi oleh LL (b, 0.871; p, 0.000 dan b, 0.828; p, 0.000). Kesimpulan: Indikator status gizi yang paling mempengaruhi tekanan darah pada remaja laki – laki adalah IMT dan LiPi, pada remaja perempuan adalah LL, dan pada kedua jenis kelamin adalah IMT.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BUAH PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) TERHADAP KADAR TRIGLISERIDA PADA TIKUS SPRAGUE DAWLEY DENGAN HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA
Authors: Wahyuningrum Marlina Rully , Probosari Enny
Published: May 2020

Latar Belakang  : Hiperkolesterolemia dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK). Hiperkolesterolemia juga disertai dengan hipertrigliseridemia. Konsumsi buah-buahan dianjurkan guna menurunkan kadar trigliserida. Pepaya merupakan buah yang mengandung betakaroten, niasin, vitamin C, quercetin, dan serat yang diduga dapat menurunkan kadar trilgliserida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian buah pepaya terhadap kadar trigliserida pada tikus Sprague Dawley dengan hiperkolesterolemia. Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah true-experimental laboratorik dengan pre and post test with randomized control group design. Subjek penelitian yaitu 28 ekor tikus Sprague Dawley jantan berusia 7-8 minggu dengan berat 100-200 g yang dibuat hiperkolesterolemia, kemudian dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol yang diberi pakan tinggi lemak dan kolesterol, kelompok perlakuan 1, 2, dan 3 yang diberi pakan tinggi lemak dan kolesterol serta buah pepaya dengan dosis 5,4 g, 7,2 g, dan 9,0 g per hari selama 4 minggu. Kadar trigliserida serum diperiksa secara enzymatic colorimetric dengan metode GPO-PAP. Normalitas data diuji dengan Shapiro Wilks. Data kelompok kontrol, perlakuan 1 dan 2 dianalisis dengan uji paired t-test sedangkan kelompok perlakuan 3 dengan uji Wilcoxon. Perbedaan perubahan keempat kelompok dianalisis dengan uji One Way Anova pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil : Kelompok perlakuan yang diberi buah pepaya 5,4 g, 7,2 g, dan 9,0 g per hari selama 4 minggu mengalami penurunan kadar trigliserida berturut-turut sebesar 25,13%, 17,40%, dan 33,21%, tetapi penurunan tersebut tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Penurunan paling besar dan bermakna (p<0,05) terdapat pada kelompok kontrol yaitu sebesar 42,53%. Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) antar keempat kelompok. Simpulan : Pemberian buah pepaya dengan dosis 5,4 g, 7,2 g, dan 9,0 g per hari selama 4 minggu tidak dapat menurunkan kadar trigliserida secara bermakna pada tikus Sprague Dawley dengan hiperkolesterolemia.