bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical advantages of incorporating predicted weekly anatomy in IMPT optimization with reduced setup error
Authors: Zhang Ying , Chan Mark Ka Heng
Published: September 2024

Background

In head and neck (H&N) cancer treatment, a conventional setup error (SE) of 3mm is often used in robust optimization (cRO3mm). However, cRO3mm may lead to excessive radiation doses to organs at risk (OARs) and does not purposefully compensate for interfractional anatomy variations.

Purpose

This study introduces a method using predicted images from an anatomical model and a reduced 1mm SE uncertainty for robust optimization (aRO1mm), aiming to decrease the dose to OARs without affecting the coverage of the clinical target volume (CTV).

Methods

This retrospective study involved 10 nasopharynx radiotherapy patients. Validation CT scans (vCT) from treatment weeks 1 to 6 were analyzed. A predictive anatomical model, designed to capture the average anatomical changes over time, provided predicted CT images for weeks 1, 3, and 5. We compared three optimization scenarios: (1) aRO1mm, using three predicted images with 1mm setup shift and 3% range uncertainty, (2) cRO3mm, with a robust 3mm setup shift and 3% range uncertainty, and (3) cRO1mm, a robust 1mm setup shift and 3% range uncertainty. The accumulated dose to CTVs and serial organs was evaluated under these uncertainties, while parallel OARs were assessed using the accumulated nominal dose (without errors).

Results

The accumulated volume receiving 94% of the prescribed dose (V94) for CTVs in cRO3mm exceeded 98%, meeting the clinical goal. For high‐risk CTV, the minimum V94 was 96.44% in aRO1mm and 94.05% in cRO1mm. For low‐risk CTV, these values were 97.68% in aRO1mm and 97.15% in cRO1mm. When comparing aRO1mm to cRO3mm on OARs, aRO1mm reduced normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for grade 2 xerostomia and dysphagia by averages of 3.67% and 1.54%, respectively.

Conclusion

aRO1mm lowers the radiation dose to OARs compared to the traditional approach, while maintaining adequate dose coverage on the target area. This method offers an improved strategy for managing uncertainties in radiation therapy planning for H&N cancer, enhancing treatment effectiveness.
On the adaptive solution of phase‐field problems with A‐stable explicit last‐stage diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta (ELDIRK) methods
Authors: Westermann Hendrik , Mahnken Rolf
Published: September 2024

Runge–Kutta algorithms with adaptive step size control provide reliable tools for the solution of initial value problems with diagonally implicit Runge‐Kutta (DIRK) methods as the most common approach. In this contribution, the new low‐order explicit last‐stage diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta (ELDIRK) methods are investigated, combining implicit schemes with an additional explicit evaluation as an explicit last stage. This results in Butcher tableaus with two solutions of different convergence orders suitable for embedded methods, where the higher‐order solution is achieved by additional explicit evaluations. Thus, the iterative solution of non‐linear systems is omitted for the additional stage, presenting a major reduction in computational cost for the determination of a local error estimate. The key contribution is the application of the novel Butcher tableaux to phase‐field problems, solved with the finite‐element method, leading to substantial numerical investigations with an efficient approach for DIRK schemes. The most important aspects are the investigations of stability properties which lead to the novel class of A‐stable ELDIRK methods. In accordance, the study of the convergence orders is presented. A local error estimator is presented, such that adaptive step size control for the new low‐order embedded schemes based on an empirical approach for error estimation is achieved. A suitable parallel algorithm is presented with conclusive two‐dimensional phase‐field simulations based on a Kobayashi‐Warren‐Carter model. The higher‐order convergence suggested by the novel schemes is confirmed, and their effective results are demonstrated, resulting in a valuable semi‐explicit addition to the family of Runge–Kutta time integration schemes.
An automatic simulation pipeline for coupled simulations of acoustic damping materials
Authors: Radtke Lars , Marter Paul , Eisenträger Sascha , Juhre Daniel , Düster Alexander
Published: September 2024

Foamed materials are widely used to reduce noise due to their comparably good acoustic damping behavior. However, out of a large variety of these materials a suitable candidate has to be identified for each application. This is a challenging process that is typically guided by experiments and experience. While numerical simulations could support these experiments and reduce the effort to a great extent, no suitable discretization approach has yet been established that can fully capture the complex geometry of the foam. A fully resolved model is desirable in order to yield reliable predictions that can then be used to establish homogenized models. We established a monolithic coupling approach based on the finite cell method (FCM) that realizes a vibroacoustic simulation in this sense. The fluid and the structure domain are discretized by Cartesian grids and the geometry defined based on computed tomography scans is accounted for during the quadrature of the weak form. Our simulation in the time domain makes use of explicit time marching schemes and is therefore limited by a critical time step size. This is known to be arbitrarily low for discretizations with the FCM containing cells with arbitrarily small support. As a remedy against this we use the classical ‐stabilization technique and investigate its potentials and limitations.
A volume‐averaging and stochastic turbulence modeling framework for homogeneous roughness‐induced drag in turbulent flows
Authors: Medina Méndez Juan A. , Parra Lafuente Adrián , Schmidt Heiko
Published: September 2024

The goal of this work is the formulation of a model for the parameterization of homogeneous roughness‐induced drag in turbulent flow simulations. We characterize rough surfaces using their surface‐area moments of roughness‐peaks. Additionally, we consider a probabilistic self‐similar power law distribution for the roughness heights, in such a way that an assumed set of discrete roughness elements can behave as a probabilistic fractal set. Upon these assumptions, the surface characterization is complete and yields wall‐normal profiles of porosity, average roughness element diameter, and equivalent pore diameter of the roughness affected porous flow. The profiles are supplied to a (pore‐based) Reynolds number and porosity‐based drag parameterization for staggered cylinder arrays available in the literature, as well as a one‐dimensional map‐based turbulence model, the one‐dimensional turbulence (ODT) model. The purpose of the latter is a way to provide the missing effects of the equivalent dispersion tensor in the porous flow close to the rough surface, as well as that of the nonlinear turbulent transport away from the wall. Simulations are then carried out in order to evaluate the effects of two different rough surfaces on a turbulent channel flow, comparing results with existing direct numerical simulation (DNS) data. Overall, reasonable agreement is obtained, which suggests that, by using the proposed model, it is possible to model the effects of rough surfaces on wall‐bounded turbulent flows, without the explicit need of the full topological representation of the surface on the numerical domain. To that extent, one clear flow control application for the suggested approach would be that of drag‐based surface optimization.
Cell‐preserving scheme for mechanobiological research on dedifferentiation of chondrocytes
Authors: Lee Hyun , Panitschewski Nikolai , Topol Heiko , Tandale Saurabh , Stoffel Marcus
Published: September 2024

In the present work, we introduce a scheme for efficient mechanobiological research on the dedifferentiation of chondrocytes (CHs) using a deep neural network (DNN) model that does not require sacrificing the cells and thus, saving resources. Cells are a part of active biological systems subjected to physical stimuli such as mechanical loading. Such loading affects cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and the interplay with the surrounding environment. CHs are mechanosensitive cells that produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix that allows cartilage to bear and distribute mechanical loads in joints; their role in cartilage regeneration and treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) has been the focus of research projects. Nevertheless, it remains an open challenge to fully understand the effect of mechanical stimuli on CHs. One of the unresolved mechanobiological behaviors of CHs is dedifferentiation. Dedifferentiation of CHs is the phenomenon where isolated CHs alter their phenotype when cultured in a 2D in vitro environment over passages. While intact, cobblestone‐shaped CHs mainly produce collagen II, dedifferentiated CHs with elongated shapes produce fibroblastic collagen I. This limits the scalability of a promising treatment for OA, called ‘autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI)’. To overcome this limit, research is being carried out to understand the dedifferentiation mechanism in detail. This proposed scheme is composed of three parts: (i) the cell‐seeded specimens are loaded in a bioreactor system, (ii) an optical microscope is used to obtain the phase‐contrast images of living cells, and (iii) the images are analyzed using a DNN. This scheme provides an efficient tool to analyze the ratio of intact to dedifferentiated CHs while preserving cells on our way to elucidate the effects of mechanical loading on the dedifferentiation of CHs.
Progressive failure analysis of woven and non‐woven CFRP composite/steel bolted joints
Authors: El‐Sisi Alaa El‐Din A. , Salim Hani A. , Gomaa Shady A. , El‐Feky Mohamed H.
Published: September 2024

Due to recent advancements in textile fabrication, woven fabric reinforcements are used in composite structures as an alternative to traditional unidirectional fiber reinforcing layups. In this paper, experimental work was performed to study the behavior of multiple bolt‐lapped joints under uniaxial tension. Different bolt numbers, composite layups, and fabric configurations were studied. Single‐ and double‐lap configurations were used to investigate the effect of secondary stresses. It was found that the P‐δ curves of lapped joints exhibit four primary stages: a linear elastic stage, followed by a nonlinear hardening stage, then linear hardening leading up to the peak, and finally a softening stage. For double‐lapped non‐woven joints, the curves encompass only the first three stages; however, for woven composites, the last stage is very small. In addition, among the laminates, the non‐woven laminate sustains the highest normalized failure load, except in the staggered case, where the quasi‐isotropic woven laminate exhibits higher strength. Conversely, the bidirectional woven laminate demonstrates the lowest loads and the highest deformation.

Highlights

A study compared bolted joint performance of woven and uni‐based composites.

Lapped joints with different bolt arrangements were experimentally studied.

P‐δ curves showed elastic, nonlinear, linear hardening, and softening stages.

Woven laminates showed higher displacements compared to non‐woven laminates.

Secondary bending induced additional stress with less impact on woven samples.

Bearing failure predominated, with variations in extent of bearing damage.
Copper‐graphene coatings for improving thermal shielding of CFRPs through electrodeposition techniques
Authors: Genna Silvio , Salvi Daniel , Ucciardello Nadia
Published: September 2024

Today, carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are materials of interest several industrial sectors because of their mechanical properties and low weight. However, applications in high‐temperature areas are limited because of thermal degradation. Thus, thin coatings acting as thermal shielding and ensuring the upkeep of CFRP structural stiffness are of high interest. This work presents an innovative approach to produce copper/graphene bilayer coatings through electrodeposition and electrophoretic deposition; it consists of laser pre‐treatment of the composite surface to remove the matrix layer exposing the carbon fibers, enabling the subsequent deposition. Bi‐layer graphene/copper coatings exhibit an enhancement in copper electrodeposition efficiency of more than 59% resulting in a 97% stiffness improvement compared to the single layer copper electroplating. All the obtained coatings were able to act as a thermal shield of the CFRPs, reducing the maximum temperature of the composite by more than 60%. In particular, due to the synergistic effect of copper and graphene, the GNPs‐Cu coating achieved the highest maximum temperature reduction (81%). Cross‐sectional analysis indicates severe delamination in uncoated CFRPs, whereas double‐layer coatings maintain structural integrity and prevent delamination even under high‐energy exposure. In addition, the coated composites exhibit a higher electrical conductivity compared to the laser cleaned CFRP, with the GNPs‐Cu coating that obtained a 90% enhancement because of the outstanding electrical properties of copper and graphene.

Highlights

The laser cleaning pretreatment allows the electrodepositions on CFRPs.

The GNP‐Cu scenario achieves the highest deposition efficiency.

A 97% stiffness improvement was achieved by GNPs‐Cu scenario.

GNPs‐Cu coatings exhibit the utmost reduction in resistivity (98%).

The GNPs‐Cu coating achieves the highest thermal shielding performance (81%).
Relationship between fundamental motor skills and physical fitness in children with global developmental delay
Authors: Fei Xi , Song Yu , Yan Shuo , Long Xiangwei , Liang Aimin , Wang Ying , Li Hongjuan , Chen Yanjie
Published: September 2024

Importance

Understanding the significance of motor skills in promoting physical fitness (PF) can offer valuable insights for devising comprehensive intervention and clinical rehabilitation programs for children with global developmental delay (GDD). However, it remains unclear whether fundamental motor skills (FMS) can improve the PF of children with GDD.

Objective

To investigate the correlation between FMS and PF in children with GDD.

Methods

A total of 180 children with GDD and 180 typically developing (TD) children aged 3–5 years were selected. All participants completed the Gesell Developmental Schedule, FMS, and PF tests at Beijing Children's Hospital between September 2022 and August 2023. Partial correlation and regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between FMS and PF.

Results

Children with GDD had significantly lower FMS and PF scores compared to TD children (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between males and females with GDD in FMS and PF score (P > 0.05). A more severe developmental delay was associated with lower FMS and PF scores. The correlation coefficients between individual FMS items and individual PF items, as well as the total PF score, ranged from 0.20 to 0.56. Regression analysis indicated that manual dexterity (β = 0.241, P = 0.029) and body balance (β = 0.399, P = 0.001) significantly predicted the total PF score.

Interpretation

In children with GDD, both FMS and PF are underdeveloped. Focusing on motor skills development is vital for promoting their PF.
The lung in inborn errors of immunity
Authors: Restrepo‐Gualteros Sonia , Nino Gustavo , Gutierrez Maria J.
Published: September 2024

The lungs are integral to immune defense, and inborn errors of immunity (IEI) often manifest as lung disease. Lung complications of IEI can involve the airways, alveolar spaces, interstitium, vasculature, and pleura. Accurate identification of these lung disease patterns requires a thorough clinical history, physical examination, and high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT), as lung imaging patterns guide further respiratory and immunological evaluations. Respiratory assessment may also include pulmonary function tests, bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, and, in some cases, lung biopsy. Additionally, molecular diagnosis of underlying immune defects, typically through comprehensive clinical phenotyping, functional immune studies, and genetic testing, is crucial for informing patient management and guiding targeted therapies. Importantly, given the complexity of IEI, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary. Furthermore, ongoing research is required to refine therapies and improve outcomes for lung complications.
Chest wall subcutaneous mass leading to the diagnosis of pericostal tuberculosis
Authors: Kajie Shimpei , Nakamura Kentaro , Moriya Tomohiro , Ogata Tomoyuki , Yamashita Takaaki
Published: September 2024

When diagnosing a chest wall mass, even in the absence of pulmonary lesions, it is crucial to consider pericostal tuberculosis as a differential diagnosis. Attention must be paid to the characteristic findings on contrast‐enhanced computed tomography, such as central low attenuation, peripheral rim enhancement of soft tissue, and pleural involvement.
Do ICT and green technology matter in sustainable development goals?
Authors: Balsalobre‐Lorente Daniel , Nur Tugba , Topaloglu Emre E. , Pilař Ladislav
Published: September 2024

The desire for development in developed and developing countries has caused difficulties in realizing environmental goals. For this reason, initiatives such as Sustainable Development Goals have been taken to balance economic growth and environmental goals. Recent research from a sustainable development perspective has shown that skilled human capital, green technology, and ICT play an essential role in the sustainable management of natural resources. In this context, the present study aims to reveal the impact of natural resource rent, economic complexity, human development, green technological innovation, and ICT on ecological footprint. It also focuses on the moderating role of green technological innovation and ICT in the relationship between natural resource rent and ecological footprint. The findings show that natural resources and ICT are the causes of environmental degradation in G7 countries, whereas economic complexity, human development, and green technological innovation improve environmental quality. It has also been discovered that ICT and green technological innovation have a moderating role in the natural resources of G7 countries. In E7 countries, natural resource rent and economic complexity increase environmental degradation, whereas human development, ICT, and green technological innovation contribute to environmental quality. Causality findings are similar in both country groups. The findings show that synergies between SDG‐4 and SDG‐13 in G7 and E7 countries can help achieve climate action sustainably and effectively. Moreover, achieving SDG 13 in E7 countries requires interactive policies to achieve SDG‐12 and SDG‐17. Achieving SDG‐8 and SDG‐17 targets in G7 countries can contribute to combating climate change.
In Silico Toxicity Screening as a Tool for the Development of Sustainable Electronics, Exemplified with Organic Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Sutar Papri , McGrath Thomas P. , Lulla Kunal , Somerton Christopher , Ashton Mark D. , Harper Garry R. , Halcovitch Nathan R. , Mort Richard L. , Wright Karen L. , Stowell Alison F. , Bird David , Young Robert J. , Hardy John G.
Published: September 2024

Electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) have revolutionized our lives, however, their associated waste (WEEE) presents a global challenge because at this time EEE relies heavily on metals that are not commonly found in the living environment (Biosphere), which find their way into the environment during both production/disposal of EEE/WEEE. The use of organic components in EEE is increasingly common, particularly with the growing interest in flexible electronics. Here we describe an approach to device design employing in silico toxicity screening to assess the toxicity of the components chosen for use in EEE that is exemplified using inorganic and organic components known in the literature for the production of prototype organic light‐emitting electrochemical cells. This approach could easily be employed to screen a variety of components for which datasets to produce safety data sheets (SDSs) don't yet exist because they have not been produced in large scale or in a regulatory environment which necessitates this. The approach has significant potential to improve high throughput screening of components for EEE that are “safe‐by‐design”, potentially in combination with AI and ML approaches.
Facile Ring Opening of Novel Bisoxazolone with Substituted Aromatic Amines: Synthesis, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Potential, In Silico ADME Profile and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Shafiq Osw Peshawa , Kareem Samad Mohammed , Mohammed Ayoob Mzgin , Muhammad Hamasalih Rebwar , Noori Abdullah Media , Emam Hawaiz Farouq , Caprioglio Diego , Minassi Alberto , Amin Hawraz Ibrahim M.
Published: September 2024

This article describes the controlled synthesis and characterization of an olefin‐linked oxazolone scaffold compound containing multifunctional groups, including the carbonyl group, imine, and carbon‐carbon double bond. The reaction of the bisoxazolone with aromatic amines led to the ring‐opening of the bisoxazolone into the corresponding bisdiamide derivatives in a short time (average 10 min), resulting in a high yield (>90 %). The compounds were characterized by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and MS. Besides, screened against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans using ciprofloxacin as a standard. All compounds exhibited significant inhibition potency against E. coli, with a lower potency against S. aureus. Compounds 3 a, 3 b, and 3 d showed more reactivity against E. coli, while compound 3 i has the highest activity against S. aureus (MIC=128 μg/mL). Additionally, the antioxidant activity was performed utilizing DPPH radical scavenging activity. The findings indicated that some compounds possessed moderate antioxidant activity in comparison to ascorbic acid as a control. A molecular docking study demonstrated a positive interaction between synthesized compounds and the bacterial DNA gyrase target (PDB ID: 1KZN) in S. aureus. Subsequently, in silico ADME simulations were conducted for all the synthesized compounds, indicating favorable properties in comparison to the established antibiotic ciprofloxacin.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Metal‐Organic Frameworks Based on Zinc(II) and Mixed Ligands Benzene‐1,4‐Dicarboxylate (BDC) and 4,4′‐Bipyridine (Bpy) and its Preliminary Study on CO2 Adsorption Capacities
Authors: Ayu Setyowati Dyah , Wahyu Lestari Witri , Adi Nugroho Roshid , Endah Saraswati Teguh , Budi Rahardjo Sentot , Krisyuningsih Krisnandi Yuni , Zulfikar Pamungkas Afif , Dendy Dendy
Published: September 2024

Efficient and environmentally friendly synthesis methods for metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a compelling topic in the organometallic field. In this study, we successfully electro‐synthesized a MOF based on mixed ligands, benzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate (BDC) and 4,4′‐bipyridine (Bpy), denoted as MOF‐508b, and investigated its CO2 adsorption capacity, comparing it with that of Zn‐BDC and Zn‐Bpy coordination polymers. Unlike the circular shapes of Zn‐BDC and Zn‐Bpy, MOF‐508 adopts a three‐dimensional structure upon binding with the pillar ligand, featuring mesoporous pore sizes. MOF‐508b demonstrates superior stability at room temperature, exhibiting a thermal stability of 400 °C. The CO2 capture potential of the materials was assessed under low‐pressure conditions at room temperature. The pillared layer of MOF‐508b results in the reduction of open metal sites, facilitating the binding of active CO2 through coordination, thereby influencing its optimum CO2 adsorption capacity (2.51 mmol g−1), which was found to be lower than that of Zn‐Bpy (3.83 mmol g−1) and Zn‐BDC (4.46 mmol g−1). The adsorption mechanism on MOF‐508b follows the Weber‐Morris model, emphasizing diffusion within particles over direct attachment to the material surface.
Targeted Hybridization: Pyrazine‐2‐Carbohydrazide Derivatives as Promising Antitubercular and Antimicrobial Leads
Authors: Siddiki Afsar A. , Parmar Shayona , Chaudhari Hemchandra K. , Yadav Shraddha SP , Chauhan Rohit S.
Published: September 2024

In an attempt to identify a new pharmacological lead which should be more potent than the established drug pyrazinamide, a molecular hybridization technique was applied to fuse two pharmacophore moieties: pyrazine‐2‐carbohydrazide (1) and diphenyl ether/piperazinyl derivative (2), to isolate a new series of hybrid molecules. The synthesized compounds were tested in vitro for their antibacterial and antimycobacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus and Mycobacterium TB H37Rv strains. In comparison to the reference medication (pyrazinamide) these compounds exhibited moderate antitubercular and antibacterial action, with a MIC value of 15.625–125 µg/mL. All the synthesized molecules were characterized through IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. Docking studies were carried out in order to have better understanding related to protein and ligand receptor interactions.
Recent Advances in Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Magnetic Ionic Liquids: A Review
Authors: Asware Arati Dattatray , Kaur Pawanpreet , Parmar Anupama , Chopra Harish Kumar
Published: September 2024

Magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) are a subclass of ionic liquids that exhibit paramagnetic properties intrinsically, without the need for additional magnetic particles. These properties can be attributed to the cations, anions, or both. Typically, MILs incorporate transition or inner‐transition metals within the anion structure. These adaptable liquids demonstrate remarkable physicochemical properties, notably a robust response to external magnetic fields. The body of research concerning the synthesis, characterization, and practical applications of MILs has expanded swiftly in recent times. This review delves into the latest research on the synthesis, properties, and utilization of MILs across various domains, including catalysis, fluid‐fluid separation, polymer science, and analytical chemistry. Within the realm of analytical chemistry, MILs are pivotal, serving as solvents in various analytical procedures such as dispersive liquid‐liquid micro‐extraction, matrix solid‐phase dispersion, and single‐drop micro‐extraction. Owing to their paramagnetic nature, MILs are instrumental in the separation process, streamlining organic reactions by obviating the need for traditional extraction or centrifugation steps.
Isopropanol/Water Bi‐Solvent Enhanced the Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to γ‐Valerolactone over Ru‐PC Catalyst
Authors: Van Nguyen Chi , Duong An Hoang Ngoc , Chau Ngoc Do Quyen
Published: September 2024

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ‐valerolactone (GVL) was attractive in biomass conversions since GVL is highly useful in different applications, such as polymer synthesis, fuel, and food. Various catalytic systems were reported for the reaction, yet harsh reaction conditions were generally required, which could restrict the scaling up of the reaction. Herein, we developed an effective and green bi‐solvent system of isopropanol/water for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of LA to GVL over a ruthenium–phosphorous carbon (Ru‐PC) catalyst. It was found that the presence of water in the solvent system promoted the production of GVL from LA. The effect of isopropanol/water ratios and other reaction conditions were investigated, exhibiting that 93.8% yield of GVL was achieved using isopropanol/water ratio of 2.5:2.5 at 140 °C for 4 h and over Ru‐PC catalyst. Combining water and organic solvent not only reduced the usage of organic solvent but also created an effective bi‐solvent system for catalytic reactions.
Computational Simulation Studies, Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Vivo Evaluation of Heterocyclically Substituted Glycinamide Derivatives as DPP 4 Inhibitors
Authors: Upadhyay Jagatkumar , Gajjar Anuradha
Published: September 2024

According to the International Diabetes Federation, the global prevalence of diabetes is projected to increase to 643 million individuals by 2030 and 783 million by 2045. DPP 4 inhibitors approved by regulatory authorities worldwide, efficiently to regulate high blood sugar levels by impeding the degradation of glucagon like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), an incretin hormone, prolonging the physiological effects of GLP‐1. In the present research work, a total of 12 glycinamide‐based compounds with aromatic substituents on the N‐terminus and heterocycles like piperidine, 4‐phenylpiperazine, and 6‐fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol‐3‐piperidine on the C‐terminus were synthesized and characterized. The synthesized compounds were subjected to in vitro DPP 4 inhibition assay. The promising compound JAG‐D2 was evaluated in vivo using OGTT assay in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. JAG‐D2 produced a significant reduction in blood glucose levels at 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg doses when compared with a 1 mg/kg dose of the reference standard sitagliptin. The synthesized compounds occupied the active site of DPP 4 as demonstrated in molecular docking and MM‐GBSA analysis for rescoring on the basis of binding free energy. Molecular dynamics studies displayed the stability of the docked pose of JAG‐D2 in the catalytic site of DPP 4. All compounds exhibited compliance with Lipinski's rule of five, suggesting drug‐like properties.
The impact of narcissistic leadership on organizational support: A study based on a sample of strategic emerging industries
Authors: Zhang Ao , Shi Xiaoping , Du Xiaomin , Miao Murong , Li Feifei
Published: September 2024

With the development of new science and technology, more and more strategic emerging industries have grown up close to the development of science and technology. Companies in these industries no longer emphasize the unilateral loyalty and commitment of employees to the organization but focus on building mutual loyalty and trust between the organizations and employees. Based on the leadership‐member exchange theory and organizational support theory, the study establishes a model of the influence mechanism of narcissistic leadership on organizational support and puts forward hypotheses. Using the questionnaire survey method, from the eight major fields involved in high and new technologies: electronic information, biology and new medicine, aerospace, new materials, high‐tech services, new energy and energy saving, resources and environment, advanced manufacturing and automation, and conducts empirical research on the 228 valid questionnaires recovered in a group manner. The relationship between narcissistic leadership and organizational support is explored at different power distance levels. Empirical results show that at low power distances, narcissistic leadership is negatively correlated with leadership identification. At high power shifts, narcissistic leadership is positively correlated with leadership identification. Regardless of the level of power distance, leadership identification will positively affect organizational support, and leadership identification mediates the relationship between narcissistic leadership and organizational support. This study has contributed to the study of narcissistic leadership and organizational support and has given relevant recommendations in combination with management practices. This study can help to understand the internal operation mode of the organization and provide theoretical support for system science. Besides, it guides the development of intelligent systems to evaluate the impact of leaders' behaviours accurately.
Life Cycle Assessment of Additively Manufactured Foundations for Ultratall Wind Turbine Towers
Authors: Jones Kathryn E. S. , Li Mo
Published: September 2024

Wind energy production is rapidly growing in the United States and is expected to continue increasing as more and larger wind turbines are installed. To support these taller and heavier onshore turbines, new foundations must be designed and manufactured. One proposed method of reducing the total amount of concrete and steel in spread foundations is to utilize additive manufacturing to enable more material‐efficient designs. To compare these additively manufacturing‐enabled designs to conventional foundation designs, this study performs a life cycle impact assessment of four ultra‐tall wind turbine foundations: two foundations using 78‐MPa 3D printed stay‐in‐place concrete formwork cast with 35‐MPa ready‐mix concrete with reinforcements, and two conventional foundations cast entirely out of 35‐MPa concrete with reinforcements. The life cycle assessment investigates the environmental impacts of four different stages, including materials production, transportation, construction, and end‐of‐life. The materials production stage is found to dominate the life cycle results, contributing over 97% of the total CO2 emissions and over 88% of the fossil fuel depletion for each foundation. Compared to the conventional designs, the Short Flat Ribbed Beam foundation with 3D printed formwork has 22.4% lower CO2 emissions and 28.3% lower fossil fuel depletion than the Circular foundation, and 2.0% higher CO2 and 5.9% lower fossil fuel depletion compared to the Tapered foundation. Parametric studies indicate that reducing cement content and increasing recycled content in printed concrete can significantly reduce the overall life cycle impacts of the foundations.
A retrospective database analysis of pediatric parathyroidectomies from the United Kingdom registry of endocrine and Thyroid Surgeons
Authors: Embury‐Young Ysabelle , Brennan Laura , Jackson Samuel , Aspinall Sebastian , Stechman Michael , Balasubramanian Sabapathy , Kim Dae , Ishii Hiro
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The United Kingdom Registry of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgery (UKRETS) holds the largest database of pediatric parathyroidectomy cases globally. There are currently no quoted acceptable cure or complication rates in the literature.

Methods

This retrospective database analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of targeted parathyroidectomy (tPTx) and bilateral neck exploration (BNE) in first‐time parathyroidectomy for pediatric primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) through analysis of the UKRETS database (1995–2022). Pre‐, intra‐ and postoperative outcomes were assessed and analyzed.

Results

168 cases underwent parathyroidectomy; 25 (15%) familial and 143 (85%) sporadic PHPT. 69% were female with a mean age of 10 years (Range 0–17). BNE was the most common operative approach (61%; n = 103/168). The most frequently used imaging modality was US (80%; n = 135/168). Mean number of glands excised in familial cases was three compared to one gland in sporadic cases (p < 0.05). Familial cases had a significantly higher rate of postoperative hypocalcemia (32% vs. 9%, p < 0.05) and all were BNE. Cure rate was 96.9% (n = 127/131), with differences in cure rates that did not reach statistical significance (sporadic 98.2% vs. familial 90.5%, p = 0.06). Preoperative localization (image‐positive or negative) made no difference to cure rates in either familial (90% vs. 91%, p = 0.94) or sporadic (97.5% vs. 100%, p = 0.4) cases.

Conclusions

This analysis demonstrates that first‐time pediatric parathyroidectomy for PHPT is safe and effective. Familial cases have a higher rate of postoperative hypocalcemia; therefore, parents should be informed of this when consented. Targeted parathyroidectomy is safe and effective in both sporadic and familial cases, as long as there is positive preoperative imaging.
Assessment of laparoscopic surgery practice, knowledge, and training goals in Liberia: A mixed‐methods study among Liberian surgeons
Authors: Reynolds Christopher W. , Mabanza Tresor , Cassell Ayun , Rooney Deborah M. , Moore‐Wilson Yarvoh , Ketia Aaron , Kollie Ronald , Jeffcoach David , Kim Erin , Bidwell Serena , Zatz Marcy , Hider Ahmad , Kim Grace J.
Published: September 2024

Background

Laparoscopy training remains inaccessible in many low‐ and middle‐income countries, including Liberia. We assessed the availability of laparoscopy and feasibility of implementing a laparoscopic program among Liberian surgeons and trainees.

Methods

This mixed‐methods study utilized a 32‐item survey and semi‐structured interviews on laparoscopic experience, knowledge, desires, barriers, patient perceptions, and training opportunities among surgeons and trainees at Liberia's two main teaching hospitals in March 2023. Data analysis utilized summed knowledge and desirability scores, descriptive statistics, and qualitative content analysis.

Results

31 interns, residents, and consultants participated, comprising 60% of Liberia's surgeons. Laparoscopic training (32%) and experience (16%) was low, with exposure limited to those training outside Liberia (p = 0.001). While laparoscopy knowledge varied (29% low, 55% medium, 16% high), participants expressed high interest in training (100%) and willingness to pay (52%). Interviews revealed four themes: desires for training, patient acceptability, feasibility of technology‐based training, and barriers including limited equipment and expert trainers. At the time of survey, the only minimally invasive surgeries ever performed in Liberia were two diagnostic laparoscopies.

Conclusions

This is the first mixed‐methods study assessing laparoscopy in Liberia. Our sample, though small, comprised approximately 60% of Liberian surgeons in both rural and urban hospitals. Findings demonstrated limited experience, variable knowledge, and high desires for training, showing feasibility for laparoscopy implementation in Liberia.
Narrow band imaging: Important tool for early diagnosis, management, and improved outcomes in gastrointestinal lesions
Authors: Anees Afzal , Ali Afreen , Hassan Shaan , Fatima Shereen , Jameel Hazique
Published: September 2024

Background

Narrow band imaging‐magnifying endoscopy (NBI‐ME) is used to identify changes in mucosal or vascular pattern observed on GI endoscopy in real time on the basis of optical image enhancement.It has a significant role in early detection of dysplasia, premalignant, and Malignant lesions along with its depth of invasion.

Materials and methods

Upper and lower GI endoscopy performed in 1742 patients who presented with gastrointestinal symptoms at this tertiary center over 5 years out of which 1623 were evaluated with both NBI‐ME and histopathology. Real time endoscopic assessment was performed. Targeted biopsies were taken for comparative analysis.

Results

Of the 1742 patients, 119 were excluded from the study. 807 underwent upper GI endoscopy and 816 underwent lower GI endoscopy. Mean age of presentation was 38 +/− 2.7 years. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of NBI‐ME for neoplastic esophageal lesions were 96.3%, 90.6%, 91.1%, 96.03%, respectively. For Barrett's esophagus it was 95.4%, 90.7%, 86.1%, and 90.7%; For gastric neoplastic lesions the values were 96.1%, 91.04%, 83.8%, and 97.9%. For colorectal it was 96.7%, 91.3%, 88.0%, and 97.7%. Overall sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of NBI‐ME for neoplastic lesions (both upper and lower GI) were 96.2%, 91.0%, 96.2%, and 97.2%. Of the 1623 patients, 951 received medical management with regular surveillance and 672 patients with high‐grade dysplasia, premalignant, and malignant conditions underwent interventions in form of either endoscopy or surgery.

Conclusion

NBI‐ME has a greater role and can be considered as an effective tool in making early diagnosis and guiding optimum treatment.
A needs assessment for simulation‐based training in emergency urological skills in Ethiopia
Authors: Kifle Anteneh Tadesse , Trail Matthew , Tsega Tizazu Abebayehu , Demilow Tilaneh Leyeh , Teferi Getaneh Tesfaye , Payne Stephen R. , Biyani Chandra Shekhar
Published: September 2024

Background

Urologic emergencies are common and complications from their management are high. Simulation‐based education (SBE) is a highly effective training method, allowing trainees to learn both technical and nontechnical skills in a safe environment. Training in the management of urological emergencies is limited in many healthcare settings, so we performed a needs assessment for a urological emergencies SBE course in Ethiopia.

Methods

This study presents data from a descriptive cross‐sectional, survey‐based survey of consultants and residents in the Ethiopian surgical community. The survey was disseminated using online Google Forms, through social media (WhatsApp), and to colleagues in the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa (COSECSA) via email and social media.

Results

One hundred‐seven results were received; two were discarded due to incomplete data. Fifty three of the respondents were general surgeons and 38 of the respondents were urologists. Sixty nine respondents strongly agreed that simulation‐based training was important for first‐year surgical residents, whereas twenty‐five respondents agreed and nine respondents strongly disagreed; one respondent disagreed and one was neutral. Eighty seven respondents suggested a 3‐day training course, whereas 17 respondents suggested a two‐day course. More than 80 of the respondents rated training in the management of acute urinary retention, acute scrotum, urethral, and suprapubic catheterization as extreme or very important and 79 respondents wanted education about urologic trauma and Fournier's gangrene.

Conclusion

Surgical and urology residents in Ethiopia have expressed a need for, and a strong interest in, simulation‐based urological emergency training.
Numerical study of Casson dusty hybrid nanofluid flow with volume fraction over a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium
Authors: Chutia Barbie
Published: September 2024

This study develops a mathematical model for dusty Casson hybrid nanofluid flow over a vertical stretching sheet, considering the influence of volume fractions for the dust particles and nanoparticles, magnetic field and Darcy–Forchheimer penetrating medium. The nanoparticles used are TC4 (Ti‐6Al‐4V) and Nichrome (80% Ni and 20% Cr), suspended in unused engine oil (EO). The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary ones using suitable transforms. Solutions are obtained numerically via the Matlab built‐in program Bvp4c technique and represent graphically the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles for both the fluid and dust phases. Additionally, tabular forms present wall shear stress and heat transfer rate variations under different parameter values. It is found that the enhancing volume fraction parameter helps to boost the magnitude of shear stress, heat, and mass diffusivity.
Adapting Strategies of Portfolio Management to VUCA Environments: The Case of Romania
Authors: Boscoianu Mircea , Ceocea Costel , Țîțu Aurel Mihail
Published: September 2024

The recent multiple crises of the 2020–2023 imposed the integration of the concept of VUCA environments (volatility–uncertainty–complexity–ambiguity) at the level of the capital markets, as an indisputable reality. These processes have, in fact, led to major changes in the perception of the markets impacting the understanding of new problems, respectively, the action of the managers and the implementation of the portfolio management strategies. Managing portfolios in VUCA environments involves reconsidering portfolio management objectives that must be better adapted to investors’ requirements in a dynamic spectral context. Portfolio managers must now anticipate these demands and needs and design new strategies and products, better adapted to these changes. In addition, there are a number of problems specific to emerging markets: the lack of major essential market structures or dysfunctions (futures, options), the reduced liquidity of the capital market and the inconsistent structure of stakeholders, and insufficient or even lack of knowledge in the field of capital markets. In emerging markets, there are investment funds (open and closed) focused only on instruments listed in the first category of the stock exchange, respectively, treasury and high quality corporate bonds. The investment funds are generally oriented towards passive management, with only extremely few examples of strategic orientation towards active portfolio management. The lack of essential infrastructures (futures, options) is somehow compensated by the development of pension funds that are becoming major players with presence and performance in the markets. The number of retail investors remains extremely small, but the good news is given by the possibilities of further increase in the near future. The research methodology starts from the design, configuration, implementation, and interpretation of questionnaires addressed to investors, respectively, fund managers. Starting from the resulting conclusions, the future intentions regarding the active management of portfolios and the design of new products such as ETFs (exchange traded funds) or the implementation of new strategies are deciphered. To incorporate the dynamic aspects, the real options paradigm and the dynamic capabilities paradigm are also integrated. The possible contributions refer to deciphering the current aspects of portfolio management, understanding strategies and adaptation solutions, like portfolio rotation (growth-value-bonds), and understanding how to design products better adapted to current market conditions.
Aggregate Planning for Services: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Dobrin Cosmin , Dima Adriana
Published: September 2024

This article delves into the intricacies of aggregate planning for services, exploring its challenges and opportunities. Aggregate planning, a crucial aspect of organizational strategy, aligns production capacity with customer demand. Unlike manufacturing, services present unique challenges due to their perishable nature and inability to be inventoried. The article outlines the general model of aggregate planning and discusses its application in the service industry. Through a case study of ACCOUNTING EXPERT, the article demonstrates how organizations can perform aggregate service planning under various scenarios. It analyzes the impact of demand fluctuations on required workforce and explores strategies for optimizing resource utilization. Moreover, the article highlights the importance of efficient workforce scheduling, on-call labor forces, and flexible production hours in service aggregate planning. Overall, the article emphasizes the need for tailored approaches and adaptive strategies in service aggregate planning to navigate the dynamic service landscape effectively.
Blaustein and His Times
Authors: Płotka Witold
Published: September 2024

Leopold Blaustein (1905–1942 [or 1944]) was educated at Jan Kazimierz University in Lvov and graduated under Kazimierz Twardowski (1866–1938), a student of Franz Brentano (1838–1917) in Vienna. Blaustein’s academic activity covered almost two decades—the 1920s and 1930s—when philosophy in Poland was renewed as a scientific discipline and dominated by (but certainly not reducible to) the Lvov–Warsaw School. Roman Ingarden (1893–1970), who was also Blaustein’s teacher in Lvov, once described this renewal as a change in the “philosophical atmosphere” in Poland; for him, Twardowski “[…] did in fact outline in a certain sense a new period of Polish philosophy. Namely, he imposed on philosophical research in Poland a new style of work.” Ingarden explains that this renewal consisted in an attempt to have clear-cut philosophical notions and well-defined language, in addition to solid justifications for discussed theses. To that extent, Twardowski’s efforts can be regarded as a broad meta-philosophical project which was developed in diverging directions, including logic, ontology, epistemology, ethics, aesthetics, etc.