Multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of recurrent rectal cancer involving urinary tract system
Authors:   Department of Surgery ICM named after N.V. Sklifosovskiy, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia, Tsarkov P.V. , Nekoval V.M. , Shlomina А.М. , Korolev D.O. ,   Institute for Urology and Human Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia, Kochetkov V.S. , Belyanin R.A. , Enikeev M.E. , Rapoport L.M. 
Published: September 2024

Aim. To evaluate immediate and long-term oncological results ofsurgical treatment of recurrent rectal cancer involving the urinary tractsystem to show the need for a multidisciplinary treatment approach for locally advanced recurrent rectal cancer. Material and methods. Retrospective cohort analysis with prospective supported database. Analyzed 14 cases: all patients with locally advanced rectal cancer recurrence involving urinary tract system were operated at the Clinic of Coloproctology and Minimally Invasive Surgery in 2013-2022. Results. The age of the patients was 51.6 ± 13.0 years, 6 men, 8 women. The greatest recurrence number was (88%) finded in group of primary colorectal cancer of the lower and middle parts of the rectum. In 57.2% observations patients received preoperative chemotherapy or combination with radiotherapy. Approximately 64% of primary operations were performed using an open approach. Recurrence of CRC with pT3-T4 invasion was diagnosed in 72% of cases. Metastatic damage of lymphatic nodes after primary surgery were identified in 57.2% of cases. In 2 observations primary surgery was performed with R2 resection margin, relapse in that cases was detected after 11 and 13 months. One histopathological report indicated R1 resection, relapse noted after 6 months. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed in 10 cases (71.4%), in two cases (14.3%) – postoperative radiation therapy. Average time for recurrence detecting after primary operation was 16.5 [12-28] months. Advanced combined interventions including recurrence removal with colon resection, gynecological and urological stages (RR+CR+GR+UR) amounted to 36%, recurrence removal with resection colon and urological stage (RR+CR+UR) was performed in 43% of cases, recurrence removal without the colonic stage (RR+GR+UR and RR+UR) - 3 (21%) patients. Reconstructive surgery to restore urine derivation were performed in 12 (85.7%) cases. The average duration of the procedures was 412.5[205-490] minutes, intraoperative blood loss - 275 [150-400] ml. Early postoperative complications are classified as Clavien-Dindo III. One patient with SIRS was classified as a complication Clavien-Dindo IV. The duration of the postoperative period was 25.5 [14-30] days. Postoperative mortality was 0%. According pathohistological examination R1 resection was detected in 3 (21.4%) cases. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed 8 (57.1%) patients, in 1 case (7.1%) combination with a course of radiotherapy. During the period 24 months after surgery the mortality rate was 14.3%, repeated relapses diagnosed in 3 (21.4%) patients, one was reoperated. Distant metastases was noted in 4 (28.6%) patients, of which in 1 case with repeated recurrence. Discussion. Our urogenital bacterial diversity analysisshowed that human testicular tissue is not a microbiologically sterile environment and also presented new data associated with testicular tissue and its possible relations with male infertility. Conclusion. The main treatment method for locally advanced rectal cancer recurrence involving the urinary tract system is surgical. Multidisciplinary approach with the involvement in the surgical team urologist oncologist made it possible to perform a one-stage radical intervention for locally advanced recurrence of rectal cancer with restoration of derivation urine without the need for subsequent reconstructive procedures on the urinary system. Keywords: rectal cancer, urinary tract, multidisciplinary approach, surgical treatment, recurrence.