bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The wild grape genome sequence provides insights into the transition from dioecy to hermaphroditism during grape domestication
Authors: Badouin Hélène , Velt Amandine , Gindraud François , Flutre Timothée , Dumas Vincent , Vautrin Sonia , Marande William , Corbi Jonathan , Sallet Erika , Ganofsky Jérémy , Santoni Sylvain , Guyot Dominique , Ricciardelli Eugenia , Jepsen Kristen , Käfer Jos , Berges Hélène , Duchêne Eric , Picard Franck , Hugueney Philippe , Tavares Raquel , Bacilieri Roberto , Rustenholz Camille , Marais Gabriel A. B.
Published: September 2020

Background

A key step in domestication of the grapevine was the transition from separate sexes (dioecy) in wild Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris (V. sylvestris) to hermaphroditism in cultivated Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa (V. vinifera). It is known that V. sylvestris has an XY system and V. vinifera a modified Y haplotype (Yh) and that the sex locus is small, but it has not previously been precisely characterized.

Results

We generate a high-quality de novo reference genome for V. sylvestris, onto which we map whole-genome re-sequencing data of a cross to locate the sex locus. Assembly of the full X, Y, and Yh haplotypes of V. sylvestris and V. vinifera sex locus and examining their gene content and expression profiles during flower development in wild and cultivated accessions show that truncation and deletion of tapetum and pollen development genes on the X haplotype likely causes male sterility, while the upregulation of a Y allele of a cytokinin regulator (APRT3) may cause female sterility. The downregulation of this cytokinin regulator in the Yh haplotype may be sufficient to trigger reversal to hermaphroditism. Molecular dating of X and Y haplotypes is consistent with the sex locus being as old as the Vitis genus, but the mechanism by which recombination was suppressed remains undetermined.

Conclusions

We describe the genomic and evolutionary characterization of the sex locus of cultivated and wild grapevine, providing a coherent model of sex determination in the latter and for transition from dioecy to hermaphroditism during domestication.
Life after a point-of-care ultrasound course: setting up the right conditions!
Authors: Olgers T. J. , Azizi N. , Bouma H. R. , ter Maaten J. C.
Published: September 2020

Background

Point-of-care Ultrasound (POCUS) is becoming an important diagnostic tool for internal medicine and ultrasound educational programs are being developed. An ultrasound course is often included in such a curriculum. We have performed a prospective observational questionnaire-based cohort study consisting of participants of a POCUS course for internal medicine in the Netherlands in a 2-year period. We investigated the usefulness of an ultrasound course and barriers participants encountered after the course.

Results

55 participants (49%) completed the pre-course questionnaire, 29 (26%) completed the post-course questionnaire, 11 participants (10%) finalized the third questionnaire. The number of participants who performs POCUS was almost doubled after the course (from 34.5 to 65.5%). Almost all participants felt insufficiently skilled before the course which declined to 34.4% after the course. The majority (N = 26 [89.7%]) stated that this 2-day ultrasound course was sufficient enough to perform POCUS in daily practice but also changed daily practice. The most important barriers withholding them from performing ultrasound are lack of experts for supervision, insufficient practice time and absence of an ultrasound machine.

Conclusions

This study shows that a 2-day hands-on ultrasound course seems a sufficient first step in an ultrasound curriculum for internal medicine physicians to obtain enough knowledge and skills to perform POCUS in clinical practice but it also changes clinical practice. However, there are barriers in the transfer to clinical practice that should be addressed which may improve curriculum designing.
Mapping disparities in homicide trends across Brazil: 2000–2014
Authors: Nsoesie Elaine Okanyene , Lima Neto Antonio S. , Jay Jonathan , Wang Hailun , Zinszer Kate , Saha Sudipta , Maharana Adyasha , Marinho Fatima , Soares Filho Adauto Martins
Published: September 2020

Background

Homicides are a major problem in Brazil. Drugs and arms trafficking, and land conflicts are three of the many factors driving homicide rates in Brazil. Understanding long-term spatiotemporal trends and social structural factors associated with homicides in Brazil would be useful for designing policies aimed at reducing homicide rates.

Methods

We obtained data from 2000 to 2014 from the Brazil Ministry of Health (MOH) Mortality Information System and sociodemographic data from the Brazil Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). First, we quantified the rate of change in homicides at the municipality and state levels. Second, we used principal component regression and k-medoids clustering to examine differences in temporal trends across municipalities. Lastly, we used Bayesian hierarchical space-time models to describe spatio-temporal patterns and to assess the contribution of structural factors.

Results

There were significant variations in homicide rates across states and municipalities. We noted the largest decrease in homicide rates in the western and southeastern states of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santo, which coincided with an increase in homicide rates in the northeastern states of Ceará, Alagoas, Paraiba, Rio Grande Norte, Sergipe and Bahia during the fifteen-year period. The decrease in homicides in municipalities with populations of at least 250,000 coincided with an increase in municipalities with 25,000 people or less. Structural factors that predicted municipality-level homicide rates included crude domestic product, urbanization, border with neighboring countries and proportion of population aged fifteen to twenty-nine.

Conclusions

Our findings support both a dissemination hypothesis and an interiorization hypothesis. These findings should be considered when designing interventions to curb homicide rates.
The socket-shield technique: a critical literature review
Authors: Blaschke Christian , Schwass Donald R.
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Dental implants have become a standard treatment in the replacement of missing teeth. After tooth extraction and implant placement, resorption of buccal bundle bone can pose a significant complication with often very negative cosmetic impacts. Studies have shown that if the dental root remains in the alveolar process, bundle bone resorption is very minimal. However, to date, the deliberate retention of roots to preserve bone has not been routinely used in dental implantology.

Material and methods

This study aims to collect and evaluate the present knowledge with regard to the socket-shield technique as described by Hurzeler et al. (J Clin Periodontol 37(9):855-62, 2010). A PubMed database search (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) was conducted to identify relevant publication.

Results

The initial database search returned 229 results. After screening the abstracts, 13 articles were downloaded and further scrutinised. Twelve studies were found to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Conclusion

Whilst the socket-shield technique potentially offers promising outcomes, reducing the need for invasive bone grafts around implants in the aesthetic zone, clinical data to support this is very limited. The limited data available is compromised by a lack of well-designed prospective randomised controlled studies. The existing case reports are of very limited scientific value. Retrospective studies exist in limited numbers but are of inconsistent design. At this stage, it is unclear whether the socket-shield technique will provide a stable long-time outcome.
On the vertex-face graphs of triangulations
Authors: Yan Weigen , Li Shuli
Published: September 2020

Let $G=(V(G),E(G))$ be a triangulation with vertex set $V(G)=\{v_1,v_2, \ldots,v_n\}$ and edge set $E(G)$ embedded on an orientable surface with genus $g$. Define $G^{\nabla}$ to be the graph obtained from $G$ by inserting a new vertex $v_{\phi}$ to each face $\phi$ of $G$ and adding three new edges $(u,v_{\phi}),(v,v_{\phi})$ and $(w,v_{\phi})$, where $u, v$ and $w$ are the three vertices on the boundary of $\phi$. Let $G^{\Box}$ be the graph obtained from $G^{\nabla}$ by deleting all edges in $E(G)$ of $G^{\nabla}$. In this paper, first some spectral properties of $G^{\nabla}$ and $G^{\Box}$ are considered, then it is proved that $t(G^{\nabla})=3^{n+4g-3}5^{n-1}t(G)$ and $t(G^{\Box})=3^{n+4g-3}2^{n-1}t(G)$, where $t(G)$ is the number of spanning trees of $G$. As applications, the number of spanning trees and Kirchhoff indices of some lattices in the context of statistical physics are obtained.
Surface birefringence of regular periodic surface structures produced on glass coated with an indium tin oxide film using a low-fluence femtosecond laser through a cylindrical lens
Authors: Chen Long , Cao Kaiqiang , Liu Jukun , Jia Tianqing , Li Yanli , Zhang Shian , Feng Donghai , Sun Zhenrong , Qiu Jianrong
Published: September 2020

Large-area regular laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) with a birefringence effect were efficiently produced on a glass surface coated with an indium tin oxide (ITO) film, through irradiation by a femtosecond laser (800 nm, 50 fs, 3 mJ, 1 kHz) focused with a cylindrical lens. The laser fluence of 0.44 J/cm2 on the coated glass was only one-tenth of that on bare glass, which significantly reduced the thermal effect. Moreover, regular LIPSSs with a period as short as 100 nm could be produced efficiently. The retardance of the fabricated LIPSSs was measured to be up to 44 nm, which is eight times that of LIPSSs fabricated on bare glass. The mechanisms of such a large difference of retardance were studied by measuring the nanostructures and the concentration of In3+ ions on the cross section of nano-corrugated surface layer on bare glass and ITO-coated glass.
Fast generation and detection of spatial modes of light using an acousto-optic modulator
Authors: Braverman Boris , Skerjanc Alexander , Sullivan Nicholas , Boyd Robert W.
Published: September 2020

Spatial modes of light provide a high-dimensional space that can be used to encode both classical and quantum information. Current approaches for dynamically generating and measuring these modes are slow, due to the need to reconfigure a high-resolution phase mask such as a spatial light modulator or digital micromirror device. The process of updating the spatial mode of light can be greatly accelerated by multiplexing a set of static phase masks with a fast, image-preserving optical switch, such as an acousto-optic modulator (AOM). We experimentally realize this approach, using a double-pass AOM to generate one of five orbital angular momentum states with a switching rate of up to 500 kHz. We then apply this system to perform fast quantum state tomography of spatial modes of light in a 2-dimensional Hilbert space by projecting the unknown state onto six spatial modes comprising three mutually unbiased bases. We are able to reconstruct arbitrary states in under 1 ms with an average fidelity of 96.9%.
Hybrid parity-time modulation phase and geometric phase in metasurfaces
Authors: Zhao Bo , Sun Lin-Shan , Chen Jing
Published: September 2020

We analyze the similarity between the geometric phase and the phase from parity-time symmetric modulation and argue that they can be integrated together in nanostructures. We provide a simple hybrid metasurface design to demonstrate the simultaneous utilization of these phases in manipulating the diffraction of optical field. Polarization-sensitivity of the hybrid phase is also discussed. This study provides a more advanced method of achieving polarization-dependent optical manipulation in artificial nanostructures.
Is the formulation of the Fried parameter accurate in the strong turbulent scattering regime?
Authors: Zhan Hanyu , Wijerathna Erandi , Voelz David
Published: September 2020

The Fried parameter is a fundamental coherence length measure that characterizes the spatial resolution effects of atmospheric turbulence on imaging and beam propagation. Its expression was originally derived with the Rytov approximation and a near-field assumption, which are only strictly valid for weak turbulent scattering. However, the actual range of validity of the Fried parameter formulation remains controversial. Here, wave optic simulations are conducted for modeling the long-exposure point spread function through atmospheric turbulence. The results indicate that analytic expressions for the Fried parameter are accurate throughout the weak to strong turbulent scattering regimes.
TINJAUAN DEKONSTRUKTIF ATAS KONSEP OTORITAS KHALED M. ABOU EL-FADL
Authors: Hanif Abdulloh
Published: September 2020

This article discusses a deconstructive review of the concept of authority of Khaled M. Abou el-Fadl. The phenomenon of authoritarianism is now the most troubling phenomenon for the development of contemporary Islamic thought. This phenomenon not only describes a rigid and undeveloped tradition of Islamic thought, but also has an impact on immoderate socio-religious behavior. Khaled M. Abou el-Fadl described this phenomenon as a consequence of human representation of Islamic authority. In terms of representation by authoritative humans, humans are often treated authoritatively and out of the substance of Islamic authority itself. This authoritarian attitude in treating the authoritative foundation of Islam is what Khaled calls authoritarianism. It can reside in humans and manipulate meanings into interpretations which often only serve the interests of some people. Through the deconstruction method, authoritarianism does not only appear as an arbitrary attitude towards authority, but also shows a conceptual network that indirectly shifts  the construction of authority itself. Khaled, besides showing an attitude of "overcoming" authority, also shows the loss of the element of morality from the authority structure itself. So that the phenomenon of authoritarianism is not only a problem of intellectuality, but also morality, between humans and authorities in discourse space.
KONSEP MANUSIA SEMPURNA MENURUT PANDANGAN FRIEDRICH WILLIAMS NIETZSCHE DAN IBNU ARABI; SEBUAH ANALISA KOMPARATIF
Authors: Ahmad Rizal Derry
Published: September 2020

This paper aims to do a study of the concept of a perfect human being by taking two corners of the field of characters, Friedrich Williams Nietzsche and Ibn ‘Arabi. In this case the two figures convey their thoughts on how to become perfect human beings. Nietzsche who gives a view about humans must be able, strong and be themselves in facing all their problems. Making humans superior in Netzsche's view. On the other hand Ibn Arabi who explained about the nature of being a perfect human being, and humans themselves are a reflection of the formation of a real God on earth. The level in achieving goals as a perfect human being. The categorization of macrocosm and microcosm in looking at differences in "humans".
MAKNA PERNIKAHAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF TASAWUF
Authors: Anisyah Anisyah
Published: September 2020

This article reviews the view of Sufism on marriage.  Marriage is one of the human alternatives to fulfill biological needs and is one of the factors why marriage is highly recommended and celibacy is not recommended.  Marriage is also a way for someone to be as close to God as possible.  Therefore, it is very relevant if the problem of marriage is seen in the perspective of Sufism and applies the values of Sufism in human life as a provision for someone to build a household ark that is sakinah mawwadah and wa rohmah.
Questionando o discurso e a prática de internacionalização da educação superior predominantes na América Latina
Authors: Leal Fernanda , Moraes Mário César Barreto , Oregioni María Soledad
Published: September 2020

Este ensaio propõe uma reflexão epistemológica sobre o discurso e a prática de internacionalização da educação superior predominantes na América Latina, com base nos seguintes argumentos: 1. Sob o alicerce de um imaginário global hierárquico, esse fenômeno encontra-se imerso em uma matriz cultural que potencialmente reforça geografias desiguais de poder, de saber e de ser; 2. A educação superior diz respeito a um campo relacional de disputas, com questionamentos, fissuras e contradições em relação a ordem predominante; e 3. Uma forma efetiva e emancipatória de enfrentar a hegemonia e a colonialidade da internacionalização da educação superior é promover uma internacionalização contra-hegemônica e anti-colonial, que suscite outras formas de pensar, fazer e viver a instituição universitária. Para refletir sobre as perspectivas e os limites de “outras internacionalizações da educação superior” na América Latina, faz-se referência à ideia de Modernidade/(De)Colonialidade, bem como a indícios históricos de distanciamento do Sul-Global em relação à ordem predominante.
La planificación lingüística del Maya yucateco y la educación bilingüe en Yucatán
Authors: Guerrettaz Anne Marie , Johnson Eric J. , Ernst-Slavit Gisela
Published: September 2020

La rápida disminución de las lenguas originarias representa una de las problemáticas más relevantes en la lingüística aplicada. El rol que juegan los maestros de las lenguas originarias en la implementación de la planificación lingüística por medio de sus prácticas pedagógicas es un asunto significativo, pero poco investigado. Este estudio etnográfico examina un programa de formación docente para la enseñanza del maya yucateco. El estudio incluyó 1.600 maestros de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (EIB) en Yucatán y en las escuelas primarias y secundarias localizadas en comunidades maya hablantes donde trabajaban. El proyecto duró seis años (2010-2016) y ofrece valiosos datos longitudinales antes, durante, y después de la creación de las normas de escritura para la lengua maya (2014). Los resultados indican: 1) la necesidad de incrementar el número de docentes maya hablantes, y 2) cierta discrepancia entre la variación ortográfica generalizada del maya y la cultura sociolingüística normativista de los docentes. Sin embargo, las nuevas normas aún no se han implementado en la EIB, que tampoco exige que los maestros dominen el maya. Esta investigación examina los beneficios y los riesgos de un maya normativo para la EIB.
Investigation of Process Parameters Influence on Municipal Solid Waste Gasification with CO2 Capture via Process Simulation Approach
Authors: Rahma Fadilla Noor , Tamzysi Cholila , Hidayat Arif , Adnan Muflih Arisa
Published: September 2020

Integration of gasification with CO2 capture using CaO sorbent is proposed as an alternative treatment to convert municipal solid waste (MSW) into energy. Aspen Plus process simulator was employed to study the process. Two models were built to represent the non-sorbent and the sorbent-enabled MSW gasification. The model validation against available experimental data shows high accuracy of the simulation result. The effect of CO2 capture using CaO sorbent on the syngas composition and lower heating value (LHV) was observed by comparing the two models, and sensitivity analysis was performed on both models. Several process parameters affecting the syngas composition and LHV were investigated, including CaO/MSW ratio, temperature, equivalence ratio, and steam/MSW ratio. The addition of CaO sorbent for CO2 capture was found to successfully reduce the CO2 content in the syngas, increase the H2 composition, and improve the syngas LHV at the temperature below 750 oC. The maximum H2 composition of 56.67% was obtained from the sorbent-enabled gasification. It was found that increasing equivalence ratio leads to a higher H2 concentration and syngas LHV. Raising steam/MSW ratio also increases the H2 production, but also reduces the LHV of the syngas. Observation of the temperature effect found the highest H2 production at 650 oC for both non-sorbent and sorbent-enabled gasification.
Assessing the Reliability and Validity of Agility Testing in Team Sports: A Systematic Review
Authors: Morral-Yepes Mónica , Moras Gerard , Bishop Chris , Gonzalo-Skok Oliver
Published: September 2020

Yepes, MM, Feliu, GM, Bishop, C, and Gonzalo-Skok, O. Assessing the reliability and validity of agility testing in team sports: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 2035–2049, 2022—The aims of this systematic review were to (a) examine the reliability of the reactive agility tests and (b) analyze the discriminatory validity of the agility tests. A literature search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We explored PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Plus databases looking for articles about agility in team sports. After filtering for article relevance, only 42 studies met the inclusion criteria; 37 of which assessed the reliability of agility tests and 22 assessing their validity. Reliability showed a high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in almost all studies (range 0.79–0.99) with the exception of 2 studies. In addition, other studies also assessed the reliability of decision time (ICC = 0.95), movement time (ICC = 0.92), and decision accuracy (ICC = 0.74–0.93), all of which exhibited acceptable reliability. Furthermore, these data show high discriminatory validity, with higher performance level players being faster than lower performance level players (mean = 6.4%, range = 2.1–25.3%), with a faster decision time (mean = 23.2%, range = 10.2–48.0%) with the exception of 1 study, and better decision accuracy (mean = 9.3%, range = 2.5–21.0%). Thus, it can be concluded that reactive agility tests show good reliability and discriminatory validity. However, most agility tests occur in simple contexts whereby only 2 possible responses are possible. Therefore, future research should consider creating more specific and complex environments that challenge the cognitive process of high-level athletes.
Reduced Growth Hormone Response to Anaerobic Exercise Among Children With Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Hejla Duha , Dror Nitzan , Pantanowitz Michal , Nemet Dan , Eliakim Alon
Published: September 2020

Hejla, D, Dror, N, Pantanowitz, M, Nemet, D, and Eliakim, A. Reduced growth hormone response to anaerobic exercise among children with overweight and obesity. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2194–2197, 2022—The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of an anaerobic exercise test on growth hormone (GH) secretion in children with overweight and obesity compared with children with normal weight. Fifteen children with overweight (body mass index percentile [BMI%ile] ≥85 < 95) and obesity (BMI%ile ≥95) and 10 children with normal weight (BMI%ile >5 < 85) participated in the study. Subjects performed a modification of the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT), with 10 bouts of 15-second cycling separated by 1 minute of rest. Blood samples for GH and lactate were collected before and 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after the beginning of the exercise test. There was a significant increase in GH levels following the modified repeated WAnT in both groups, but the increase in GH levels was significantly greater among the normal weight children compared with those with overweight and obesity (p < 0.003). Seven of the 10 subjects with normal weight had GH increase above the threshold for GH sufficiency compared with only 2 subjects with overweight and obesity. Growth hormone response to the modified repeated WAnT was significantly reduced among children with overweight and obesity compared with those with normal weight. Anaerobic interval-type training may not be a sufficient exercise alternative to stimulate appropriate GH levels among children with obesity.
Quantifying the Movement Characteristics of Australian Football League Women's Competition
Authors: Thornton Heidi R. , Armstrong Cameron R. , Gamble Tiernan , Rigby Alex , Johnston Rich D. , Duthie Grant M.
Published: September 2020

Thornton, HR, Armstrong, CR, Gamble, T, Rigby, A, Johnston, RD, and Duthie, GM. Quantifying the movement characteristics of Australian Football League Women's competition. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3415–3421, 2022—The purpose is to provide an overview of the externally measured movement characteristics of Australian Football League Women's (AFLW) competition, and the variability in this between matches. A range of movement variables were measured from 28 athletes who wore 10-Hz global positioning system devices during games and were summarized according to positional groups. The variance in each athlete's match loads for each round were expressed using standardized scores (z-scores), and the change compared with the first game played was calculated and expressed as a standard deviation. Furthermore, using the raw export, moving means (1–10 minutes) of speed (m·min−1) and acceleration (m·s−2) were calculated. Following log transformation of the maximal means, intercept and slopes were calculated. Linear mixed models identified differences between positional groups for match loads, and intercept and slopes. Effects were described using standardized effect sizes (ESs) and magnitude-based decisions. There were no substantial and unclear differences between positional groups for match loads (ES range; ±confidence limits = 0.10–0.80; ±0.30–4.30) and for intercept and slopes (ES range; 0.04–0.44; ±0.52–2.11). Large within-athlete variation in match demands between rounds was observed (z-score up to −1.8 SD for distance), and the maximal means for speed and acceleration demonstrate the extensive physical demands of AFLW competition. These data describe the intense and variable physical demands of AFLW competition, and further provide novel information regarding the maximal mean intensities and intercept and slopes, which should assist practitioners in planning and prescribing training in preparation for competition.
Alterations in Body Composition, Resting Metabolic Rate, Muscular Strength, and Eating Behavior in Response to Natural Bodybuilding Competition Preparation: A Case Study
Authors: Schoenfeld Brad J. , Alto Andrew , Grgic Jozo , Tinsley Grant , Haun Cody T. , Campbell Bill I. , Escalante Guillermo , Sonmez Gul T. , Cote Gilda , Francis Aston , Trexler Eric T.
Published: September 2020

Schoenfeld, BJ, Alto, A, Grgic, J, Tinsley, G, Haun, CT, Campbell, BI, Escalante, G, Sonmez, GT, Cote, G, Francis, A, and Trexler, ET. Alterations in body composition, resting metabolic rate, muscular strength, and eating behavior in response to natural bodybuilding competition preparation: A case study. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3124–3138, 2020—We carried out a prospective case study in a high-level amateur natural male bodybuilder throughout preparation for 4 competitions and during the ensuing postcontest recovery period. Laboratory testing was conducted monthly over a 1-year period, which included the following assessments: B-mode ultrasound evaluation of muscle thickness (MT), multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, blood pressure and heart rate assessment, resting metabolic rate via indirect calorimetry, skinfold testing, vertical jump height, isometric lower-body strength testing, and a 3-factor eating questionnaire. Blood work (including testosterone, thyroid hormone, sex hormone binding globulin, glomerular filtration rate, blood urea nitrogen, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, white blood count, albumin to globulin ratio, and lipoprotein A) was obtained separately from an outside laboratory at 4 time points. We also assessed the effectiveness of a carbohydrate (carb) deplete and carb load peaking strategy employed immediately before competition. The subject employed a high-volume, high-frequency, whole-body training program throughout the study period. Average daily nutritional intakes ranged from 1,953 to 3,415 kcal: 104–386 g carb; 253–263 g protein, and; 57–95 g lipid. Body fat was reduced to very low levels (∼5%) immediately before competition, but this corresponded with a loss of lean mass. Alterations in metabolism, hormonal status, explosive strength, and psychological aspects of eating were observed during precontest preparation; however, all of these variables recovered quickly postcompetition. The implementation of a carb depleteand carb load peaking strategy acutely increased MT and thus may be a viable precontest approach to maximize muscular aesthetics.
Seven Pillars of Prevention: Effective Strategies for Strength and Conditioning Coaches to Reduce Injury Risk and Improve Performance in Young Athletes
Authors: Read Paul J. , Oliver Jon L. , Lloyd Rhodri S.
Published: September 2020

Strength and conditioning provision for young athletes offers unique challenges and opportunities for coaches. Periods of rapid and nonuniform growth in skeletal structures can result in temporary reductions in athletic performance and heightened injury risk. Despite the increased risk of injury in young athletes, surprisingly, there is often a lack of adherence to injury prevention programs, despite a compelling body of evidence showing their effectiveness. Thus, clearer guidelines on how to best implement targeted interventions that maximize performance adaptations and minimize logistical constraints are likely beneficial for increasing their successful adoption in the field. In this article, we describe 7 pillars that provide practitioners with evidence-based and practically viable strategies that can be used effectively to reduce injury risk and increase performance in young athletes.
Dikey bahçe tasarımın estetik ve işlevsel boyutu: KTÜ Kanuni Kampüs
Authors: BAYRAMOĞLU Elif , BEKAR Makbulenur , KURDOĞLU Banu Çiçek
Published: September 2020

Dünya genelinde kentleşme oranı gittikçe artmakta ve 2050’ye kadar bu rakamın daha yüksek oranlara ulaşacağı ön görülmektedir. Dünyayı yaşanır hale getiren doğa ise, bu süreçten kötü etkilenmekte ve yeşil alan oranı gün geçtikçe azalmaktadır. Günümüzde bu problemleri düzeltmek için alınan önlemler genel tanımı ile “sürdürülebilir yaklaşım” başlığı altında toplanmaktadır. Yağmur bahçeleri, dikey bahçeler, çatı bahçeleri bu çalışmaların sadece bazılarıdır. Bu çalışmalar peyzaj mimarlığı meslek disiplinin de odak noktasında yerini almaktadır. Bu nedenle gerek formal gerekse informal eğitim sürecinde sürdürülebilirlik çalışmalarını yerini almaktadır. Öğrencilerin eğitim süreci içerisinde bu gibi kavramlar ile çalışmaları mezun olduklarında uygulamalarında daha fazla yermesine neden olmaktadır. Bu da 4 yıllık eğitim süreçlerinin sonunda “farkındalık” etkisi yaratmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışma, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü Mühendislik Bilgisi dersi kapsamında “yeşil duvar olması önerilen bir duvarın” 2 haftalık ders süreci içerisinde tasarlanması ve ortaya çıkan ürünlerin peyzaj değeri açısından incelenmesini içermektedir. Çalışma sonucunda öncelikle tasarlanan duvarların peyzaj değeri açısından önemi ve ekolojik kaygılar ile yapılan tasarımların eğitim sürecindeki önemi vurgulanmıştır.
Kesim artıklarının kızılçam fidecik özelliklerine etkisi
Authors: ÇETİNKAYA Durmuş , BİLİR Nebi
Published: September 2020

Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) fidecik özellikleri üzerinde gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, fidanlık koşullarında ekim yastıklarına kesim artıkları (ibre, dal ve kabuk) uygulanarak türün tohum meşceresi ve tohum bahçesi orijinlerinden yetiştirilen fideciklerinde; fidecik boyu, hipokotil boyu, epikotil boyu ve kotiledon sayısı araştırılmıştır. Tohum kaynağı ve işlemler arasında geniş farklılıklar bulunmakla birlikte çalışma sonucunda; ortalama fidecik boyu 8.03 cm, ortalama hipokotil boyu 1.33 cm, ortalama epikotil boyu 6.70 cm ve ortalama kotiledon sayısı 7.98 bulunmuştur. Uygulanan varyans analizi sonucunda, epikotil boyu dışındaki diğer fidecik özellikleri için tohum kaynakları ve işlemler arasında istatistiksel bakımından anlamlı farklılık (p<0.05) ortaya çıkmıştır. Uygulanan korelasyon analizi sonucunda, fidecik özellikleri arasında istatistiksel bakımdan anlamlı (p<0.05) pozitif ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Fidecik boyu bakımından her iki tohum kaynağında da dal işlemlerinin diğer işlemlere oranla daha başarılı olduğu söylenebilir.
Halyomorpha halys (Stål) mücadelesinde ışık ve feromon tuzaklarının etkinliliklerinin araştırılması
Authors: GÖKTÜRK Temel
Published: September 2020

Halyomorpha halys (Kahverengi kokarca) (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Türkiye için yeni istilacı bir tür olmasına rağmen, kısa bir sürede Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde hızla yayılma imkanı bulmuştur. Yayılış gösterdiği diğer ülkelerin en önemli zararlısı konumunda olan bu türün, ülkemizde ise Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde mısır, fasulye, fındık ve kivi bitkilerinde yoğun olarak beslendiği gözlemlenmiştir. H. halys’ın mücadelesinde henüz tam bir entegre mücadele stratejisi oluşturulmamıştır. Bu kapsamda en çok kullanılan yöntem kimyasal mücadele olmasına rağmen, biyolojik, biyoteknik mücadeleler konusunda çalışmalar devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada da feromon ve ışık tuzaklarının etkinliği araştırılmaya çalışılmıştır. İçerilerinde PHEROCON® feromonu bulunan tuzaklar ve ışık tuzakları, 2019 yılının Nisan-Ekim aylarında asılı olarak kalmış ve her hafta düzenli olarak kontrolleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan kontroller sonucu bir ışık tuzağına 30.12 (0-85), feromon tuzağına ise 24.72 (1-69) H. halys’ın erginlerinin düştüğü tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın yapıldığı süre boyunca (27 hafta) bir feromon tuzağına toplam 618, bir ışık tuzağına da 753 adet H. halys ergini düşmüştür. Işık tuzaklarına ve feromon tuzaklarına düşen böcek sayıları karşılaştırıldığında, erken dönemde her iki tuzağa da düşen böcek sayısının birbirlerine yakın olduğu saptanırken, orta dönemde ışık tuzaklarında, geç dönemde ise feromon tuzaklarında yakalanan böcek sayılarını daha fazla olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre, H. halys’a karşı yürütülecek mücadelede, ışık ve feromon tuzaklarının birlikte kullanılmaları, zararlı popülasyonunu azaltacağı kanısına varılmıştır.
Nuclei isolation from human intestinal biopsic tissue for single-cell genomic applications v1
Authors: RZ Zhou Ran
Published: September 2020

This protocol provides an efficient method to isolate nucleus from human intestinal biopsy samples for single cell applications (RNA-seq or ATAC-seq).
Malaria related myalgia-arthralgia: an imported case report treated with anti-malarial drug
Authors: Siagian Forman E. , . Ronny , Sirra Apriani I. , Susiantoro Urip , Siregar Melsipa
Published: September 2020

Malaria is still a major health problem in Indonesia, especially in endemic areas. We present an imported case of malaria with prominent subjective complaint of the patient is in the form of persistent muscles and joints pain. A 21 years old female with complaint of intermittent fever and persistent muscle joints paint since one week before seeing a doctor. She had history of repetitive attack of malaria tropica. Physical examination in general showed no clear derangements, but on thick and thin blood smear stained with Giemsa revealed malaria falciparum (+). Combo therapy of antimalarial drug soon be given and the patient healed with the disappearance of all previous complaint. Myalgia and arthralgia in case of malaria falciparum (+) might be the earliest subjective sign of rhabdomyolisis, a potentially fatal and lethal complication of malaria.
Potentiation of anticonvulsant effect of phenytoin by celecoxib against maximum electroshock induced convulsions in albino rats
Authors: Nadeem Mohammed Naseeruddin , Maqdoom Maliha
Published: September 2020

Background: Epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder affects more than 1% of world population. Despite the availability of a number of antiepileptics, refractoriness to them exists in approximately one third of cases worldwide. Induction of cycloxygenase and increased levels of proinflammatory meditators are seen in epilepsy. P-glycoprotein upregulation due to phenytoin was found to contribute to its pumping out of cell, leading to refractoriness to phenytoin therapy. Also, cycloxygenase-2 inhibitors were found to prevent P-glycoprotein upregulation. Since cycloxygenase-2 inhibition decreases levels of proinflammatory cytokines responsible for neuroinflammation, this study aims to evaluate anticonvulsant effect of celecoxib and also to investigate whether it potentiates the anticonvulsant effect of phenytoin.Methods: Maximum electroshock seizures (MES) were induced in Albino rats using electroconvulsiometer to evaluate tonic convulsions, identified by tonic hind limb extension (THLE) in rats. A delay in onset of THLE and a reduction in duration of THLE were taken as deciding parameters to ascertain anticonvulsive activity. Rats randomly divided into groups, received pretreatment with celecoxib at 3 doses (10, 20, 40 mg/kg), phenytoin (6.25 mg/kg), phenytoin (12.5 mg/kg) and combination of phenytoin (6.25 mg/kg) with celecoxib (ED50, i.e. 20 mg/kg), before inducing MES seizures and findings compared to control group.Results: Celecoxib (20 and 40 mg/kg) showed significant anticonvulsant effect by MES test. Also, its combination with phenytoin caused significant decrease in the duration of THLE when compared to phenytoin alone at the same dose.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that celecoxib potentiates the anticonvulsant effect of phenytoin.
Utility of prophylactic cervical cerclage in intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection twins: a prospective study
Authors: C. S. Manjunath , Bandi Jyoti
Published: September 2020

Background: Several interventions have been used to reduce the rate of preterm birth and prolonging gestation in a twin pregnancy and routine usage of cervical cerclage in twin pregnancy conceived after intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedure has found to be beneficial.Methods: Prospective case series studies, series of expectant mothers with twin pregnancy conceived by ICSI were studied under tertiary care hospital setting. A total of 108 cases with twin pregnancy were included during a period of 2016 to 2019. Obstetric profile of all the cases was taken; cervical cerclage procedure was done at 14-16 weeks of gestation (McDonald method) after a normal nuchal translucency scan and a double marker test. Pregnancy outcome parameters like abortion, preterm labour/delivery, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), and mode of delivery, gestational age at delivery, birth weight and neonatal complications were assessed.Results: Mean age of the mothers was 30.61±4.45 years, rates of the pregnancy outcome parameters were abortion 0%, preterm labour 11.1%, premature rupture of membranes (PROM) 9.3%, mean gestational age at delivery was at 34.56±1.71 weeks. Neonatal outcome parameters were mean birth weight was at 2279±470 grams, 77.8% of the neonates had normal APGAR scores. The rates of NICU admission was 28%, RDS– 24.1%, 3.7% had sepsis and 92.6% of neonates survived and 7.4% died.Conclusions: In ICSI twin pregnancies with normal cervical measurements, prophylactic cervical cerclage is effective in prolonging pregnancy and preventing preterm delivery and thereby minimizing neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Comorbidities among infertile women at NKST hospital Mkar-Gboko, North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Karshima Jonathan A. , Pam Victor C. , Anyaka Charles U. , Shambe Iornum H. , Ali Maryam J. , Dabu Bulus A.
Published: September 2020

Background:  Infertility, a common, non-fatal ailment, is sometimes associated with substantial comorbidity that can add adverse outcomes during treatment or pregnancy and increase costs of care. This study aims to assess the magnitude and pattern of comorbidities in infertile Nigerian women.Method: This descriptive retrospective study was undertaken at NKST Hospital Mkar-Gboko, Nigeria, from 1st January 2005 to 31st July 2013. Clinic records of patients who attended the gynaecological outreach clinic were retrieved and analyzed using descriptive statistics and test of associations with Microsoft Excel 2013.  Jos University Teaching Hospital gave ethical clearance.Results: 1,926 women seen during the study period, 1030 (53.5%) presented for infertility care. 941 (91.4%) women had complete records, among them, 476 (50.5%) met the inclusion criteria, and their records were analyzed. The mean age of the women was 32.6±6.0 years with a range of 20 to 53 years, see Table1. There were 52 comorbid conditions among the 476 women. The comorbidities included uterine myoma, previous appendectomy/pelvic surgeries, genital tract infections/retroviral disease, hypertension, obesity and diabetes, among others, see Table 4. Table 2 and 3 shows there is a significant statistical association between comorbidity type, age, parity, duration of infertility and symptoms complex between infertile women and comorbidities (p<0.05).Conclusion: Comorbidities that can influence treatment and pregnancy outcomes are common among infertile women in central Nigeria. This finding strongly supports the routine assessment of women for comorbidities during infertility care for appropriate multidisciplinary management and counselling.
Efficacy in treatment of moderate to severe degree organophosphorus poisoning with fresh frozen plasma, atropine and 2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride as compared to treatment with atropine and 2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride in Western Odisha
Authors: Karua Purna C. , Parida Surya K.
Published: September 2020

Background: Organophosphorus (OP) compounds are one of the most common agents used for suicidal poisoning. People in the middle socioeconomic status are mainly affected. The most important determinant of death in OP poisoning is the severity. The ideal treatment of OP poisoning, this study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) along with the standard regimen of atropine and oximes.Methods: 80 patients were taken in this study (40 cases and 40 controls) with history and biochemical pictures suggestive of acute OP poisoning. Normality assumption and equality of variance were satisfied for most of quantitative variables. As a comparison of the baseline data of the study groups did not reveal any significant difference (p>0.05), the result at a given point of time between two groups were also compared with the same methods of assess the comparative changes.Results: Total 80 patients >15 years of age were taken for the study. Out of the total 63.7% are female and 36.3% are males. OP compounds are commonly used as suicidal agent. Salivation is the most common presenting symptoms in both cases and controls. The mean value of serum cholinesterase on day -1 in cases and controls are nearly same but the subsequent mean values as the days progresses are higher in cases than that controls.Conclusions: FFP showed its positive effect in reducing the development of intermediate syndrome/ fatality/ ventilatory support.
Epidemiological study of traumatic brain injury in a tertiary care centre in South India
Authors: Asher Prasanth , Joseph Jijo Joseph , Pendro Varun Singh , Peethambaran Anilkumar , Prabhakar Rajmohan Bhanu
Published: September 2020

Background: This study investigated the epidemiological pattern of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in our hospital, so as to juxtapose with available statistics and formulate recommendations for patient betterment.Methods: The Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram was the setting of this cross-sectional longitudinal study and included all patients admitted with clinical/radiological evidence of TBI over a period of three months (October 2019 to December 2019). Details regarding mechanism of injury and the socioeconomic background of the subjects were collected during the stay in hospital, by means of a semi structured questionnaire. SPSS software was used to analyze the data collected.Results: Out of 658 patients included in the study, majority of the subjects belonged to the age group 30-60 years. About 80% of subjects were males. 63% were manual laborers. Majority of the patients had about 10-15 days’ stay in the hospital. Road traffic accidents were the most common mechanism of injury and involved two wheelers mainly. Lack of helmet and restraining seat belt was noted in a sizeable percent of the subjects. Loss of consciousness was the most common complaint and GCS in the majority of subjects ranged from 9-13. Subdural hematomas and hemorrhagic contusions were the most common CT findings. 39.7% of the patients had associated spinal injury. About 48% of the subjects were operated. There was 7% mortality.Conclusions: Road traffic accidents accounted for the majority of traumatic brain injury incidents and a sizeable portion of patients required expert neurosurgical care.
Outcome of neonatal jaundice in term neonates with ABO incompatibility at tertiary level center
Authors: Thakur Amit Kumar , Ansari Mohammad Ashfaque , Mishra Atindra , Jha Saroj Kumar
Published: September 2020

Background: Neonatal jaundice is extremely common as almost every new-born develops an unconjugated serum bilirubin level of more than 1.8 mg/dl during the first seven days of life. ABO incompatibility is associated in about 20% of all pregnancies but manifestations of ABO haemolytic disease of new-born occurs in <10% of these cases. True incidence of ABO incompatibility, particularly in developing countries like Nepal, is not understood sufficiently. Furthermore, the confirmation of severe ABO incompatibility cannot be made accurately using only a single test. Hence, this study was done to know the outcome of jaundice in ABO incompatibility patients.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done at Department of Paediatrics, between August 2018 to July 2019. All term neonates born to ‘O’ positive mother, with blood group A or B positive, and fulfilling the selection criteria were included in the study. Sample size was calculated to be 114 with confidence level at 95% and prevalence of ABO haemolytic disease as 11.4% with margin of error 5%.Results: Severe ABO incompatibility as evident by presence of jaundice within 24 hours of life, a positive result on direct coomb’s test and haemolytic picture on peripheral blood smear was observed in 12% of the total enrolled 200 neonates. Modalities of treatment showed significant relation with severe ABO incompatibility indicating increased need for double volume exchange transfusion in neonates with severe ABO incompatibility.Conclusions: Phototherapy was found to be effective in the management of most of the cases of neonatal jaundice in term ABO incompatible neonates but some cases, requiring exchange transfusion can occur, mostly in presence of positive result on direct Coomb’s test.
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection mother to the newborn
Authors: Caballero Bonifacio , Caballero Daniel
Published: September 2020

The emergence of the new corona virus infection that occurred in Wuhan, the capital city of China's Hubei province in December 2019 initially labeled 2019-nCoV and later named SARS-CoV-2, has spread in several countries around the world and subsequently raised concerns about the possibility of vertical transmission from the mother to the fetus, producing its disease named COVID-19. Around 12 articles about pregnant women infected with COVID-19 and their newborns have been published between February 10 and April 4, 2020. So far, there are few reports on newborns. There is currently evidence of vertical transmission from pregnant women with COVID-19 infection during the third trimester. The results of this report suggest that currently there is evidence of intrauterine infection caused by vertical transmission in women who develop COVID-19 pneumonia and die in late pregnancy. However, most of these newborns have been asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, but as the outbreak and information are changing rapidly, it is recommended to continue to check for updates.
Pseudothrombocytopenia: early recognition avoids unnecessary intervention
Authors: Narayanan Rajeshwari , Jagannathan Prahada , Kandhasamy Kala
Published: September 2020

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dependent pseudothrombocytopenia (EDTA-PTCP) is the phenomenon of a spurious low platelet count due to EDTA induced aggregation of platelets. Failure to identify this can lead to unwarranted diagnostic testing, platelet transfusions and deferring emergency surgeries. An adolescent girl child was referred for acute febrile illness with thrombocytopenia. Peripheral smear examination of EDTA sample revealed platelet clumping. WBC and platelet histograms also supported the same. Repeat platelet counts in sodium citrate and heparin confirmed EDTA-PTCP.