bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RCA-PixelCNN: Residual Causal Attention PixelCNN for Pulsar Candidate Image Lossless Compression
Authors: Jiang Jiatao , Xie Xiaoyao , Yu Xuhong , You Ziyi , Hu Qian
Published: October 2023

This study focuses on the crucial aspect of lossless compression for FAST pulsar search data. The deep generative model PixelCNN, stacking multiple masked convolutional layers, achieves neural network autoregressive modeling, making it one of the most excellent image density estimators. However, the local nature of convolutional networks causes PixelCNN to concentrate only on nearby information, neglecting important information at greater distances. Although deepening the network can broaden the receptive field, excessive depth can compromise model stability, leading to issues like gradient degradation. To address these challenges, this study combines causal attention modules with residual connections, proposing a residual causal attention module to enhance the PixelCNN model. This innovation not only resolves convergence problems arising from network deepening but also expands the receptive field. It facilitates the extraction of crucial image details while capturing the global structural information of the image, significantly enhancing the modeling capabilities for pulsar data. In the experiments, the model is trained and validated using the HTRU1 dataset. This study compares the average negative log-likelihood score with baseline models like the GMM, STM, and PixelCNN. The results demonstrate the superior performance of our model over other models. Finally, this study introduces the practical compression encoding process by combining the proposed model with arithmetic coding.
Histopathology of the Intervertebral Disc of Nothobranchius furzeri, a Fish Model of Accelerated Aging
Authors: Butylina Maria , Wahl-Figlash Katharina , Kothmayer Michael , Gelles Katharina , Pusch Oliver , Pietschmann Peter
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a classical age-related disease, which affects millions of patients worldwide. To further understand the pathophysiology and to develop therapeutic strategies for this disease, animal models play a significant role. Nothobranchius furzeri is an established model for accelerated aging that spontaneously develops spinal deformities. Although the bone properties of N. furzeri are well described, characteristics of the intervertebral discs are still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the intervertebral discs of healthy and deformed N. furzeri. Material and Methods: Intervertebral properties of healthy and deformed N. furzeri were investigated in 8-, 12-, 18- and 21.5-week-old male fish of the GRZ strain. For histological evaluations the fish were decalcified, paraffin-embedded and stained with (1) hematoxylin and eosin, (2) toluidine blue and (3) alcian blue/picrosirius red. Results: 8-week-old and deformed N. furzeri showed spongy-like tissue containing vacuolated notochord cells and a beginning formation of fibrous tissue in the central area. Older healthy fish showed fibrous tissue in the central region and a spongy-like tissue in the peripheral region. Conclusion: Our study revealed age- and disease-related alterations of the vertebral discs in N. furzeri. Further studies should investigate the utility of N. furzeri as a model for degenerative spine diseases.
Important Role and Properties of Granular Nanocellulose Particles in an In Vitro Simulated Gastrointestinal System and in Lipid Digestibility and Permeability
Authors: Chumchoochart Warathorn , Chandet Nopakarn , Saenjum Chalermpong , Tinoi Jidapha
Published: October 2023

This research evaluated the role and feasibility of the granular nanocellulose particles (GNC) from sugarcane bagasse obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis in reducing lipid digestibility and permeability in an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal (GI) system. GNC concentration (0.02%, w/v) had significantly affected the released free fatty acids (FFA), with a reduction of approximately 20%. Pickering emulsion of a GNC and olive oil simulation mixture revealed higher oil droplet size distribution and stability in the initial stage than the vortexed mixture formation. The difference in particle size distribution and zeta potential of the ingested GNC suspension and GNC–olive oil emulsion were displayed during the in vitro gastrointestinal simulation. GNC particles interacted and distributed surrounding the oil droplet, leading to interfacial emulsion. The GNC concentration (0.01–0.10%, w/v) showed low toxicity on HIEC-6 cells, ranging from 80.0 to 99% of cell viability. The release of FFA containing the ingested GNC suspension and GNC–olive oil emulsion had about a 30% reduction compared to that without the GNC digestion solution. The FFA and triglyceride permeability through the HIEC-6 intestinal epithelium monolayer were deceased in the digesta containing the ingested GNC and emulsion. This work indicated that GNC represented a significantly critical role and properties in the GI tract and reduced lipid digestion and absorption. This GNC could be utilized as an alternative food additive or supplement in fatty food for weight control due to their inhibition of lipid digestibility and assimilation.
Combination Treatment Strategies to Overcome PARP Inhibitor Resistance
Authors: Soung Young-Hwa , Chung Jun
Published: October 2023

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes have been shown to be essential for DNA repair pathways, including homologous recombination repair (HRR). Cancers with HRR defects (e.g., BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations) are targets for PARP inhibitors (PARPis) based on the exploitation of “synthetic lethality”. As a result, PARPis offer a promising treatment option for advanced ovarian and breast cancers with deficiencies in HRR. However, acquired resistance to PARPis has been reported for most tumors, and not all patients with BRCA1/2 mutations respond to PARPis. Therefore, the formulation of effective treatment strategies to overcome resistance to PARPis is urgently necessary. This review summarizes the molecular mechanism of therapeutic action and resistance to PARPis, in addition to emerging combination treatment options involving PARPis.
A Combined Biomarker That Includes Plasma Fibroblast Growth Factor 23, Erythropoietin, and Klotho Predicts Short- and Long-Term Morbimortality and Development of Chronic Kidney Disease in Critical Care Patients with Sepsis: A Prospective Cohort
Authors: Toro Luis , Rojas Verónica , Conejeros Carolina , Ayala Patricia , Parra-Lucares Alfredo , Ahumada Francisca , Almeida Paula , Silva María Fernanda , Bravo Karin , Pumarino Catalina , Tong Ana María , Pinto María Eugenia , Romero Carlos , Michea Luis
Published: October 2023

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in intensive care unit (ICU) patients that increases mortality and chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. AKI is associated with elevated plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which can be modulated by erythropoietin (EPO) and Klotho. We aimed to evaluate whether a combined biomarker that includes these molecules predicted short-/long-term outcomes. We performed a prospective cohort of ICU patients with sepsis and previously normal renal function. They were followed during their inpatient stay and for one year after admission. We measured plasma FGF23, EPO, and Klotho levels at admission and calculated a combined biomarker (FEK). A total of 164 patients were recruited. Of these, 50 (30.5%) had AKI at admission, and 55 (33.5%) developed AKI within 48 h. Patients with AKI at admission and those who developed AKI within 48 h had 12- and 5-fold higher FEK values than non-AKI patients, respectively. Additionally, patients with higher FEK values had increased 1-year mortality (41.9% vs. 18.6%, p = 0.003) and CKD progression (26.2% vs. 8.3%, p = 0.023). Our data suggest that the FEK indicator predicts the risk of AKI, short-/long-term mortality, and CKD progression in ICU patients with sepsis. This new indicator can improve clinical outcome prediction and guide early therapeutic strategies.
Designing Biomimetic Conductive Gelatin-Chitosan–Carbon Black Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Dey Kamol , Sandrini Emanuel , Gobetti Anna , Ramorino Giorgio , Lopomo Nicola Francesco , Tonello Sarah , Sardini Emilio , Sartore Luciana
Published: October 2023

Conductive nanocomposites play a significant role in tissue engineering by providing a platform to support cell growth, tissue regeneration, and electrical stimulation. In the present study, a set of electroconductive nanocomposite hydrogels based on gelatin (G), chitosan (CH), and conductive carbon black (CB) was synthesized with the aim of developing novel biomaterials for tissue regeneration application. The incorporation of conductive carbon black (10, 15 and 20 wt.%) significantly improved electrical conductivity and enhanced mechanical properties with the increased CB content. We employed an oversimplified unidirectional freezing technique to impart anisotropic morphology with interconnected porous architecture. An investigation into whether any anisotropic morphology affects the mechanical properties of hydrogel was conducted by performing compression and cyclic compression tests in each direction parallel and perpendicular to macroporous channels. Interestingly, the nanocomposite with 10% CB produced both anisotropic morphology and mechanical properties, whereas anisotropic pore morphology diminished at higher CB concentrations (15 and 20%), imparting a denser texture. Collectively, the nanocomposite hydrogels showed great structural stability as well as good mechanical stability and reversibility. Under repeated compressive cyclic at 50% deformation, the nanocomposite hydrogels showed preconditioning, characteristic hysteresis, nonlinear elasticity, and toughness. Overall, the collective mechanical behavior resembled the mechanics of soft tissues. The electrical impedance associated with the hydrogels was studied in terms of the magnitude and phase angle in dry and wet conditions. The electrical properties of the nanocomposite hydrogels conducted in wet conditions, which is more physiologically relevant, showed a decreasing magnitude with increased CB concentrations, with a resistive-like behavior in the range 1 kHz–1 MHz and a capacitive-like behavior for frequencies <1 kHz and >1 MHz. Overall, the impedance of the nanocomposite hydrogels decreased with increased CB concentrations. Together, these nanocomposite hydrogels are compositionally, morphologically, mechanically, and electrically similar to native ECMs of many tissues. These gelatin-chitosan–carbon black nanocomposite hydrogels show great promise for use as conducting substrates for the growth of electro-responsive cells in tissue engineering.
Do Victims Really Help Their Abusive Supervisors? Reevaluating the Positive Consequences of Abusive Supervision
Authors: Pan Wen , Sun Li-Yun
Published: October 2023

Do victims really help their abusive supervisors? Does abusive supervision have any positive consequence? The study aims to address this concern through extending the work by Tröster and Van Quaquebeke (2021). Using subordinates’ self-reports, Tröster and Van Quaquebeke (2021) found that abusive supervision in high-quality leader–member exchange (LMX) relationship motivates subordinates to blame themselves, subsequently making them feel guilty and make up for it by being more helpful. By integrating both subordinates’ and supervisors’ perspectives, and using multi-wave, multi-source, and multi-level data collected in China, we obtain three major findings. First, as a replication of their findings, LMX moderates the direct effect of abusive supervision on workplace self-blame, and the indirect effect of abusive supervision on workplace guilt via workplace self-blame. The positive direct and indirect effects are stronger when LMX quality is higher. Second, different from their findings, LMX moderates the indirect effect of abusive supervision on supervisor-directed helping (evaluated by supervisors) via workplace self-blame and workplace guilt such that the negative indirect effect is stronger when LMX quality is higher. Third, as an extension, supervisor-evaluated LMX (SLMX) moderates the effect of workplace guilt on supervisor-directed helping such that the negative effect is stronger when SLMX is lower-quality. Put together, LMX and SLMX moderate the indirect effect of abusive supervision on supervisor-directed helping via workplace self-blame and workplace guilt. The negative indirect effect is stronger when LMX quality is higher, but SLMX quality is lower. Our study challenges previous speculations on the positive or beneficial consequences of abusive supervision, and thus contributes to the literature on abusive supervision.
Dynamic Emotion Recognition and Social Inference Ability in Traumatic Brain Injury: An Eye-Tracking Comparison Study
Authors: Greene Leanne , Reidy John , Morton Nick , Atherton Alistair , Barker Lynne
Published: October 2023

Emotion recognition and social inference impairments are well-documented features of post-traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet the mechanisms underpinning these are not fully understood. We examined dynamic emotion recognition, social inference abilities, and eye fixation patterns between adults with and without TBI. Eighteen individuals with TBI and 18 matched non-TBI participants were recruited and underwent all three components of The Assessment of Social Inference Test (TASIT). The TBI group were less accurate in identifying emotions compared to the non-TBI group. Individuals with TBI also scored lower when distinguishing sincere and sarcastic conversations, but scored similarly to those without TBI during lie vignettes. Finally, those with TBI also had difficulty understanding the actor’s intentions, feelings, and beliefs compared to participants without TBI. No group differences were found for eye fixation patterns, and there were no associations between fixations and behavioural accuracy scores. This conflicts with previous studies, and might be related to an important distinction between static and dynamic stimuli. Visual strategies appeared goal- and stimulus-driven, with attention being distributed to the most diagnostic area of the face for each emotion. These findings suggest that low-level visual deficits may not be modulating emotion recognition and social inference disturbances post-TBI.
Industrial Clusters in Slovakia-Urban Development
Authors: Ilkovičová Ľubica , Ilkovič Ján , Meziani Yakoub
Published: October 2023

For almost three decades, Slovakia has been undergoing reform processes related to restructuring industry and in expectation of the sustainability of the industrial structure with an important link to the landscape. The aim of this article is the presentation of the development models of the industrial clusters in synergy with the economic dimension, landscape, settlement structure, and sustainability. The background of the article is an evaluation of industry and its impact on the landscape between the 19th and 21st centuries. The development of industry influenced the territorial and spatial development of towns and landscapes, forcing a new identity on them. Development mirrored the rate of innovation in the domain of technologies and construction. The issues examined herein required the application of a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods, including a creative method called SCAMPER. Our scheme and models of industrial parks and cooperation clusters are a result of theoretical and field research and reflect variable mobility and sustainability. The conclusions of the research indicate a turnover in the original order of importance in the industrial activity: environment–man–production. This is the contribution of evolution and the building of eco-friendly industrial structures.
Highly Effective Electrochemical Water Splitting with Enhanced Electron Transfer between Ni2Co Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets Dispersed on Carbon Substrate
Authors: Wan Ziyi , Tang Ping , Dai Luwei , Yang Yao , Li Lu , Liu Jun , Yang Min , Deng Guowei
Published: October 2023

A reasonable design of nickel-based catalysts is key to efficient and sustainable energy conversion. For electrocatalytic materials in alkaline electrolytes, however, atomic-level control of the active sites is essential. Moreover, the well-defined surface structure contributes to a deeper understanding of the catalytic mechanism. Here, we report the loading of defective nickel–cobalt layered double hydroxide nanosheets (Ni2Co-LDH@C) after carbonization of silk. Under the precise regulation of the local coordination environment of the catalytic active site and the presence of defects, Ni2Co-LDH@C can provide an ultra-low overpotential of 164.8 mV for hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) at 10 mA cm−2, exceeding that of commercial Pt/C catalysts. Density functional theory calculations show that Ni2Co-LDH@C optimizes the adsorption energy of the intermediate and promotes the O-O coupling of the active site in the oxygen evolution reaction. When using Ni2Co-LDH@Cs as cathodes and anodes to achieve overall water splitting, a low voltage of 1.63 V is required to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2. As an ideal model, Ni2Co-LDH@C has excellent water splitting properties and has the potential to develop water–alkali electrocatalysts.
Early Salvage Chemo-Immunotherapy with Irinotecan, Temozolomide and Naxitamab Plus GM-CSF (HITS) for Patients with Primary Refractory High-Risk Neuroblastoma Provide the Best Chance for Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Muñoz Juan , Larrosa Cristina , Chamorro Saray , Perez-Jaume Sara , Simao Margarida , Sanchez-Sierra Nazaret , Varo Amalia , Gorostegui Maite , Castañeda Alicia , Garraus Moira , Lopez-Miralles Sandra , Mora Jaume
Published: October 2023

Patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) who are unable to achieve a complete response (CR) to induction therapy have worse outcomes. We investigated the combination of humanized anti-GD2 mAb naxitamab (Hu3F8), irinotecan (I), temozolomide (T), and sargramostim (GM-CSF)—HITS—against primary resistant HR-NB. Eligibility criteria included having a measurable chemo-resistant disease at the end of induction (EOI) treatment. Patients were excluded if they had progressive disease (PD) during induction. Prior anti-GD2 mAb and/or I/T therapy was permitted. Each cycle, administered four weeks apart, comprised Irinotecan 50 mg/m2/day intravenously (IV) plus Temozolomide 150 mg/m2/day orally (days 1–5); naxitamab 2.25 mg/kg/day IV on days 2, 4, 8 and 10, (total 9 mg/kg or 270 mg/m2 per cycle), and GM-CSF 250 mg/m2/day subcutaneously was used (days 6–10). Toxicity was measured using CTCAE v4.0 and responses through the modified International Neuroblastoma Response Criteria (INRC). Thirty-four patients (median age at treatment initiation, 4.9 years) received 164 (median 4; 1–12) HITS cycles. Toxicities included myelosuppression and diarrhea, which was expected with I/T, and pain and hypertension, expected with naxitamab. Grade ≥3-related toxicities occurred in 29 (85%) of the 34 patients; treatment was outpatient. The best responses were CR = 29% (n = 10); PR = 3% (n = 1); SD = 53% (n = 18); PD = 5% (n = 5). For cohort 1 (early treatment), the best responses were CR = 47% (n = 8) and SD = 53% (n = 9). In cohort 2 (late treatment), the best responses were CR = 12% (n = 2); PR = 6% (n = 1); SD = 53% (n = 9); and PD = 29% (n = 5). Cohort 1 had a 3-year OS of 84.8% and EFS 54.4%, which are statistically significant improvements (EFS p = 0.0041 and OS p = 0.0037) compared to cohort 2. In conclusion, naxitamab-based chemo-immunotherapy is effective against primary chemo-resistant HR-NB, increasing long-term outcomes when administered early during the course of treatment.
Recent Pre-Clinical Advancements in Nuclear Medicine: Pioneering the Path to a Limitless Future
Authors: Echavidre William , Fagret Daniel , Faraggi Marc , Picco Vincent , Montemagno Christopher
Published: October 2023

The theranostic approach in oncology holds significant importance in personalized medicine and stands as an exciting field of molecular medicine. Significant achievements have been made in this field in recent decades, particularly in treating neuroendocrine tumors using 177-Lu-radiolabeled somatostatin analogs and, more recently, in addressing prostate cancer through prostate-specific-membrane-antigen targeted radionuclide therapy. The promising clinical results obtained in these indications paved the way for the further development of this approach. With the continuous discovery of new molecular players in tumorigenesis, the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals, and the potential combination of theranostics agents with immunotherapy, nuclear medicine is poised for significant advancements. The strategy of theranostics in oncology can be categorized into (1) repurposing nuclear medicine agents for other indications, (2) improving existing radiopharmaceuticals, and (3) developing new theranostics agents for tumor-specific antigens. In this review, we provide an overview of theranostic development and shed light on its potential integration into combined treatment strategies.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Decreased Cytochrome c in Cell and Animal Models of Machado–Joseph Disease
Authors: Almeida Filipa , Ferreira Ildete L. , Naia Luana , Marinho Daniela , Vilaça-Ferreira Ana Catarina , Costa Marta D. , Duarte-Silva Sara , Maciel Patrícia , Rego A. Cristina
Published: October 2023

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been described in many neurodegenerative disorders; however, there is less information regarding mitochondrial deficits in Machado–Joseph disease (MJD), a polyglutamine (polyQ) disorder caused by CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN3 gene. In the present study, we characterized the changes in mitochondrial function and biogenesis markers in two MJD models, CMVMJD135 (MJD135) transgenic mice at a fully established phenotype stage and tetracycline-regulated PC6-3 Q108 cell line expressing mutant ataxin-3 (mATXN3). We detected mATXN3 in the mitochondrial fractions of PC6-3 Q108 cells, suggesting the interaction of expanded ATXN3 with the organelle. Interestingly, in both the cerebella of the MJD135 mouse model and in PC6-3 Q108 cells, we found decreased mitochondrial respiration, ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential, strongly suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction in MJD. Also, in PC6-3 Q108 cells, an additional enhanced glycolytic flux was observed. Supporting the functional deficits observed in MJD mitochondria, MJD135 mouse cerebellum and PC6-3 Q108 cells showed reduced cytochrome c mRNA and protein levels. Overall, our findings show compromised mitochondrial function associated with decreased cytochrome c levels in both cell and animal models of MJD.
In Cerebellar Atrophy of 12-Month-Old ATM-Null Mice, Transcriptome Upregulations Concern Most Neurotransmission and Neuropeptide Pathways, While Downregulations Affect Prominently Itpr1, Usp2 and Non-Coding RNA
Authors: Reichlmeir Marina , Canet-Pons Júlia , Koepf Gabriele , Nurieva Wasifa , Duecker Ruth Pia , Doering Claudia , Abell Kathryn , Key Jana , Stokes Matthew P. , Zielen Stefan , Schubert Ralf , Ivics Zoltán , Auburger Georg
Published: October 2023

The autosomal recessive disorder Ataxia-Telangiectasia is caused by a dysfunction of the stress response protein, ATM. In the nucleus of proliferating cells, ATM senses DNA double-strand breaks and coordinates their repair. This role explains T-cell dysfunction and tumour risk. However, it remains unclear whether this function is relevant for postmitotic neurons and underlies cerebellar atrophy, since ATM is cytoplasmic in postmitotic neurons. Here, we used ATM-null mice that survived early immune deficits via bone-marrow transplantation, and that reached initial neurodegeneration stages at 12 months of age. Global cerebellar transcriptomics demonstrated that ATM depletion triggered upregulations in most neurotransmission and neuropeptide systems. Downregulated transcripts were found for the ATM interactome component Usp2, many non-coding RNAs, ataxia genes Itpr1, Grid2, immediate early genes and immunity factors. Allelic splice changes affected prominently the neuropeptide machinery, e.g., Oprm1. Validation experiments with stressors were performed in human neuroblastoma cells, where ATM was localised only to cytoplasm, similar to the brain. Effect confirmation in SH-SY5Y cells occurred after ATM depletion and osmotic stress better than nutrient/oxidative stress, but not after ATM kinase inhibition or DNA stressor bleomycin. Overall, we provide pioneer observations from a faithful A-T mouse model, which suggest general changes in synaptic and dense-core vesicle stress adaptation.
c-Cbl Regulates Murine Subventricular Zone-Derived Neural Progenitor Cells in Dependence of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
Authors: Vogt Maximilian , Unnikrishnan Madhukrishna Kolothara , Heinig Nora , Schumann Ulrike , Schmidt Mirko H. H. , Barth Kathrin
Published: October 2023

The localization, expression, and physiological role of regulatory proteins in the neurogenic niches of the brain is fundamental to our understanding of adult neurogenesis. This study explores the expression and role of the E3-ubiquitin ligase, c-Cbl, in neurogenesis within the subventricular zone (SVZ) of mice. In vitro neurosphere assays and in vivo analyses were performed in specific c-Cbl knock-out lines to unravel c-Cbl’s role in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. Our findings suggest that c-Cbl is significantly expressed within EGFR-expressing cells, playing a pivotal role in neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. However, c-Cbl’s function extends beyond EGFR signaling, as its loss upon knock-out stimulated progenitor cell proliferation in neurosphere cultures. Yet, this effect was not detected in hippocampal progenitor cells, reflecting the lack of the EGFR in the hippocampus. In vivo, c-Cbl exerted only a minor proneurogenic influence with no measurable impact on the formation of adult-born neurons. In conclusion, c-Cbl regulates neural stem cells in the subventricular zone via the EGFR pathway but, likely, its loss is compensated by other signaling modules in vivo.
The Impact of a Single Supervised Exercise Session in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy on the Physical Activity Levels of Pregnant Women—A Pilot Study
Authors: Chatzakis Christos , Mastorakos George , Demertzidou Eleftheria , Theodoridou Anatoli , Dinas Konstantinos , Sotiriadis Alexandros
Published: October 2023

Background: Despite the numerous beneficial effects of physical exercise during pregnancy, the levels of physical activity remain low. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of a single supervised physical exercise session on the overall physical activity levels of pregnant women. Methods: During the third trimester, pregnant women attending our outpatient clinic were requested to assess their physical activity levels using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Additionally, they were invited to participate in a supervised 30 min mild–moderate-intensity aerobic exercise session (stationary bike ergometer) under the guidance of medical personnel. Subsequently, physical activity levels were reevaluated at the time of delivery. Results: Prior to the intervention, 3 out of 50 (6%) women engaged in mild–moderate physical activity for 150 min per week, while 20 out of 50 (40%) women participated in mild–moderate activity for 15–30 min, twice a week. Following the intervention, these percentages increased to 10 out of 50 (20%) and 31 out of 50 (62%), respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that a single exercise session supervised by medical personnel may significantly improve the low physical activity levels observed in pregnant women.
A General Procedure to Formulate 3D Elements for Finite Element Applications
Authors: Shahriar Adnan , Majlesi Arsalan , Montoya Arturo
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a general procedure to formulate and implement 3D elements of arbitrary order in meshes with multiple element types. This procedure includes obtaining shape functions and integration quadrature and establishing an approach for checking the generated element’s compatibility with adjacent elements’ surfaces. This procedure was implemented in Matlab, using its symbolic and graphics toolbox, and complied as a GUI interface named ShapeGen3D to provide finite element users with a tool to tailor elements according to their analysis needs. ShapeGen3D also outputs files with the element formulation needed to enable users to implement the generated elements in other programming languages or through user elements in commercial finite element software. Currently, finite element (FE) users are limited to employing element formulation available in the literature, commercial software, or existing element libraries. Thus, the developed procedure implemented in ShapeGen3D offers FEM users the possibility to employ elements beyond those readily available. The procedure was tested by generating the formulation for a brick element, a brick transition element, and higher-order hexahedron and tetrahedron elements that can be used in a spectral finite element analysis. The formulation obtained for the 20-node element was in perfect agreement with the formulation available in the literature. In addition, the results showed that the interpolation condition was met for all the generated elements, which provides confidence in the implementation of the process. Researchers and educators can use this procedure to efficiently develop and illustrate three-dimensional elements.
The rs2228145 Variant of the Interleukin-6 Receptor (IL-6R) Gene Impacts on In Vitro Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2 VOC B1.1.7 Recombinant Spike Protein
Authors: Sarwar Saira , Aicheler Rebecca , Butcher Lee , Rees Katie , Potter Stephen , Rowlands Richard , Webb Richard
Published: October 2023

Given the variability in inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection observed within human populations, we aimed to develop an in vitro model system (based on monocyte-macrophages, a key relevant cell type) that could yield insights regarding the impact of rs2228145, a clinically relevant polymorphism within the coding region of a key inflammatory gene in the body’s response to SARS-CoV-2 infection: the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) gene. Three monocyte-macrophage cell-lines (U937, THP-1, MM6) were shown to exhibit AA, AC and CC rs2228145 genotypes, respectively, and to exhibit an MM6 > THP-1 > U937 pattern regarding basal levels of soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) release. Similar MM6 > THP-1 > U937 patterns were seen regarding the extents to which (i) circulating levels of the IL-6/sIL-6R ‘active complex’ increased and (ii) phosphorylation of the downstream transcription-factor STAT3 occurred, following treatment with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP). Moreover, a blocking antibody for the ACE-2 entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2 suppressed effects (i) and (ii), suggesting that interaction between SP and ACE-2 is the initial event that triggers IL-6/IL-6R signalling in our system. Production of IL-8 occurred to greater extents in A549 lung epithelial cells treated with tissue-culture supernatants from SP-treated MM6 cultures than SP-treated THP-1 or U937 cultures. Our data indicate that the rs2228145 genotype significantly impacts upon SP-associated IL-6/sIL-6R signalling in vitro, suggesting that it may influence in vivo risk of developing severe COVID-19 and/or long-COVID symptoms following infection by SARS-CoV-2. Thus, the rs2228145 genotype may have potential as a biomarker that differentiates between patients at risk of developing severe and/or prolonged symptoms following infection by SARS-CoV-2 and those who are at less risk.
Aggregations of a Sessile Ctenophore, Coeloplana sp., on Indo-West Pacific Gorgonians
Authors: Samimi-Namin Kaveh , Claereboudt Michel R. , Hoeksema Bert W. , McFadden Catherine S. , Bezio Nicholas , Paulay Gustav
Published: October 2023

We document the benthic ctenophores Coeloplana sp. and Vallicula multiformis from Oman, extending their geographic range. A new Coeloplana species was found forming aggregations on gorgonians of two octocoral host genera, Melithaea and Euplexaura, representing associations previously unknown to occur in the Indo-West Pacific region. Our findings also illustrate the concurrent presence of the ectocommensal ophiuroid Ophiothela mirabilis, which adversely affects other Coeloplana species in the tropical West Atlantic, where it is considered invasive. This exploration contributes to our understanding of the biogeography, species distribution, and ectosymbiotic associations of these genera, setting the stage for a comprehensive species description and in-depth analysis of host relationships in future studies.
Diagnostic Value of Labial Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy: Histological Findings of a Large Sicca Cohort and Clinical Associations
Authors: Triantafyllias Konstantinos , Bach Mirjam , Otto Mike , Schwarting Andreas
Published: October 2023

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to analyze labial minor salivary gland biopsy (MSGB) findings of a large sicca cohort and to examine their associations with Sjogren’s syndrome (SS)-associated laboratory markers, phenotypic characteristics and systemic manifestations. Moreover, we sought to explore the ability of MSGB to identify SS patients among subjects with pre-diagnosed fibromyalgia (FM). (2) Methods: Included were all patients of three rheumatology departments having undergone a diagnostic MSGB within 9 years. Next to the examination of histological and immunohistochemical findings, we focused on activity and chronicity parameters of the underlying disease, autoantibodies, presence of systemic and hematologic involvement, as well as chronic pain and SS comorbidities. (3) Results: Among the 678 included patients, 306 (45.1%) had a positive focus score (FS). The remaining patients (n = 372) served as control subjects. There were significant correlations between FS and hypergammaglobulinemia (p < 0.001), ANA and rheumatoid factor positivity (both; p < 0.001), a weak significant correlation with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (rho = 0.235; p < 0.001) and a negative correlation with nicotine use (p = 0.002). Within the primary SS subgroup, FS was associated significantly with glandular enlargement (p = 0.007) and systemic hematologic manifestations (p = 0.002). Next to FS, CD20 cell staining showed an excellent diagnostic performance in the diagnosis of SS by an area under the curve of 0.822 (95%CI 0.780–0.864; p < 0.001). Interestingly, 42.1% of all patients with fibromyalgia (FM) having received an MSGB could be diagnosed with SS. (4) Conclusion: By examining one of the largest cohorts in the literature, we could show that MSGB histological and immunohistochemical findings not only play a key role in the classification and diagnosis of SS but could also provide important information regarding SS phenotype and systemic manifestations. Furthermore, MSGB may help differentiate patients with FM from patients with subclinical SS who suffer primarily from chronic pain.
A Qualitative Study to Explore the Life Experiences of Older Adults in Oman
Authors: Al-Ghafri Bushra Rashid , Eltayib Rawaa Abubakr Abuelgassim , Al-Ghusaini Zahir Badar , Al-Nabhani Maram Qasim , Al-Mahrezi Abdulaziz , Al-Saidi Yaqoub , Al-Sinawi Hamed , Al-Harrasi Ahmed Mohammed , Chan Moon Fai
Published: October 2023

Background: Reminiscence studies and life reviews have a number of proven advantages. Future generations gain by learning from elders’ life experiences, as do older adults themselves who share their memories. Despite Oman’s sizable geriatric population, research on older individuals’ life experiences is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the life experiences of older Omani individuals across their many life stages, from childhood to the present. Methods: This was a qualitative study design. Convenience sampling was employed and conducted from December 2021 to October 2022. A total of 13 Omani older adults (9 females and 4 males), with an average age of 68 years, were recruited for this study (response rate = 34%). Socio-demographic and life review information was gathered according to a set of semi-structured guiding questions. The responses were then captured on audio recordings, which underwent transcription and translation. Thematic analysis techniques were applied to the extracted data. Results: Three main themes were evident in this study’s findings: childhood memories, friendships, and relationships, as well as the elders’ past. Additionally, older adults passed on a number of gems of wisdom to be shared with the younger generations. Conclusions: This study aided in revealing the resiliency, social connections, and life reflections of Omani older adults. These themes can guide the creation of age-inclusive laws, social support initiatives, and healthcare services specifically designed to satisfy the special requirements and ambitions of the elderly population. Based on these themes, this study recommended that the local community or society build a more sympathetic and compassionate atmosphere that honors and respects the accomplishments of this essential group by recognizing and comprehending the complex experiences of older adults. In addition, future studies could explore particular aspects of these older experiences and pinpoint solutions to improve their quality of life and wellbeing.
Modified Aquila Optimizer with Stacked Deep Learning-Based Sentiment Analysis of COVID-19 Tweets
Authors: Almasoud Ahmed S. , Alshahrani Hala J. , Hassan Abdulkhaleq Q. A. , Almalki Nabil Sharaf , Motwakel Abdelwahed
Published: October 2023

In recent times, global cities have been transforming from traditional cities to sustainable smart cities. In text sentiment analysis (SA), many people face critical issues namely urban traffic management, urban living quality, urban information security, urban energy usage, urban safety, etc. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based applications play important roles in dealing with these crucial challenges in text SA. In such scenarios, the classification of COVID-19-related tweets for text SA includes using natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning methodologies to classify tweet datasets based on their content. This assists in disseminating relevant information, understanding public sentiment, and promoting sustainable practices in urban areas during this pandemic. This article introduces a modified aquila optimizer with a stacked deep learning-based COVID-19 tweet Classification (MAOSDL-TC) technique for text SA. The presented MAOSDL-TC technique incorporates FastText, an effective and powerful text representation approach used for the generation of word embeddings. Furthermore, the MAOSDL-TC technique utilizes an attention-based stacked bidirectional long short-term memory (ASBiLSTM) model for the classification of sentiments that exist in tweets. To improve the detection results of the ASBiLSTM model, the MAO algorithm is applied for the hyperparameter tuning process. The presented MAOSDL-TC technique is validated on the benchmark tweets dataset. The experimental outcomes implied the promising results of the MAOSDL-TC technique compared to recent models in terms of different measures. This MAOSDL-TC technique improves accuracy and interpretability of sentiment prediction.
An Adaptive Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (A-HARQ) Scheme Based on Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Lin Shih-Yang , Yang Miao-Hui , Jia Shuo
Published: October 2023

V2X communication is susceptible to attenuation and fading caused by external interference. This interference often leads to bit error and poor quality and stability of the wireless link, and it can easily disrupt packet transmission. In order to enhance communication reliability, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) introduced the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) technology for both 4G and 5G systems. Nevertheless, it can be improved for poor communication conditions (e.g., heavy traffic flow, long-distance transmission), especially in advanced or cooperative driving scenarios. In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (A-HARQ) scheme that can reduce the average block error rate, the average number of retransmissions, and the round-trip time (RTT). It adapts the Q-learning model to select the timing and frequency of retransmission to enhance the transmission reliability. We also design some transmission schemes—K-repetition, T-delay and [T, K]-overlap—which are used to shorten latency and avoid packet collision. Compared with the conventional 5G HARQ, our simulation results show that the proposed A-HARQ scheme decreases the system’s average BLER, the number of retransmissions, and the RTT to 5.55%, 1.55 ms, and 0.97 ms, respectively.
An Effective Obstacle Avoidance and Motion Planning Design for Underwater Telescopic Arm Robots Based on a Tent Chaotic Dung Beetle Algorithm
Authors: Jin Huawei , Ji Haitao , Yan Fangzheng
Published: October 2023

As the underwater environment is complex, the existence of obstacles will produce a certain collision interference to underwater robot operations, which causes the overall path planning and time costs to increase. In this paper, we propose a Tent chaotic mapping and dung beetle hybrid algorithm (MDBO) application for trajectory optimal planning and effective obstacle avoidance for an underwater telescopic arm robot. The method invokes the unique obstacle avoidance habit and foraging optimization idea of the dung beetle algorithm. Introducing it into the chaotic Tent mapping idea prevents the dung beetle algorithm (DBO) from falling into local optimality and increases the coverage of a global search. Simulation results show that the MDBO algorithm exhibits strong optimization ability and stability when multiple algorithms are verified using eight test functions. The MATLAB test reflects the performance indexes of the six joints of the underwater telescopic arm, and compared with various algorithms, the MDBO algorithm has an obvious convergence trend and strong global search ability. The algorithm is applied to real underwater experiments to verify that the improved dung beetle algorithm has better obstacle avoidance ability and reduces trajectory planning time by 30%, which helps the underwater robot to complete motion planning.
Magnesium/Silica/Lanthanum@Activated Carbon for the Remediation of As(III) from Water
Authors: Tolkou Athanasia K. , Kyzas George Z.
Published: October 2023

In this study, activated carbon was suitably modified with Mg/Si/La and its effectiveness in removing As(III) was investigated. The structure of Magnesium/Silica/Lanthamum@Activated Carbon (Mg-Si-La@AC) was fully characterized and several parameters, such the dosage, pH, contact time, and initial As(III) concentration, were studied. Thus, the BET surface area, total pore volume, and micropore volume of Mg-Si-La@AC were measured to be 271.46 m2/g, 0.006 cm3/g and 0.52 cm3/g, respectively. The results showed that the optimal condition for the reduction in As(III) from the initial concentration of 100 μg/L to below 10 μg/L was the addition of 1.5 g/L of adsorbent at pH 7.0. Furthermore, 4 h of contact time showed >90% removal. The Langmuir isotherm model was best fitted to the experimental results, exhibiting a maximum adsorption capacity of 322 μg/g, and the PSO kinetic model was found to be the most applicable according to kinetics. Consecutive regeneration studies were carried out and the results showed that the adsorbent was effectively used up to four cycles.
Green Manufacturing of Steroids via Mycolicbacteria: Current Status and Development Trends
Authors: Zhao Ming , Li Xiangfei , Xiong Liangbin , Liu Kun , Liu Yan , Xue Zhenglian , Han Rumeng
Published: October 2023

Steroids, the second largest drug category ranked after antibiotics, find widespread use in treatments for reproductive health, endocrine regulation, and inflammation. Advances in steroidal chemistry to date have led to the widespread use of sterols as starting substances in the development of environmentally friendly biotechnologies for steroid production, including biocatalysis, microbial transformations, and biosynthesis using engineered micro-organisms. In this review, we synthesize some of the recent advancements in steroid biocatalysis using the Mycolicibacterium species, including the identification and modification of crucial elements for enhanced production. We also delve into the detailed characterization and reconstruction of metabolic pathways in specific microbial strains, shedding light on their potential for steroid biosynthesis. Additionally, we highlight the development of innovative de novo biosynthesis pathways for steroids within engineered cell factories. These results collectively provide an overview of the current landscape and emerging trends in green steroid manufacturing within the steroidal pharmaceutical industry.
The Primary Healthcare Physician’s Awareness and Engagement in Community-Based Medical Education: A Mixed Qualitative and Quantitative Study
Authors: Miskeen Elhadi , Al-Shahrani Abdullah M.
Published: October 2023

Background: Community-based medical education (CBME) is an essential component of medical education, where primary healthcare physicians (PCPs) play a crucial role. This study explores PCPs’ awareness and engagement in CBME and investigates the factors influencing their participation. Methods: This mixed study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with PCPs as well as thematic analysis related to their awareness and engagement in CBME. In the second phase, a quantitative survey was conducted on 72 PCPs’ pre- and post-training programs. Results: Primary healthcare physicians had a positive attitude toward community-based medical education. The participants had an acceptable level of awareness and engagement, which increased substantially by (p-value = 0.03) and (p-value = 0.003), respectively. Logistical analysis indicated that non-Saudi physicians were more likely to participate in the CBME (p-value = 0.001). Professions and academic experiences influenced their willingness to engage and participate in CBME (OR = 7.5, p-value = 0.001) and (OR = 0.21, p-value = 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: The study findings highlighted the importance of increased awareness and the factors that enhance PCPs’ engagement in CBME. This positive perspective of the PCPs will help build effective partnerships and facilitate the extension of the curriculum to apply CBME.
Heart Rate Variability Assessment of Land Navigation and Load Carriage Activities in Specialist Police Selection
Authors: Tomes Colin D. , Canetti Elisa F. D. , Schram Ben , Orr Robin
Published: October 2023

Police tactical group (PTG) personnel are exposed to physical, mental, and emotional stressors. Consequently, PTG selection courses (SCs) impart similar challenges, often resulting in candidate attrition. Holistic assessment may provide additional support to stakeholders given these risks. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is an objective holistic stress measure that may be applicable in PTG SCs but has not been thoroughly researched. Therefore, this study aimed to report HRV data in an end-user accessible format and determine the relationship between HRV and attrition. A total of 18 qualified Australian State law enforcement officers completed a 1-day physical readiness assessment. Of those, six males progressed to an additional two-day course, on which this study is focused. This two-day selection consisted of additional physical challenges and occupational assessments. HRV was obtained from 2-lead ECGs and defined as the percentage of R-R intervals that varied by ≥50 ms (pRR50). Data were summarized in a heat map of consecutive short-term analyses. Three candidates withdrew. A logistic regression based on heat map data found high HRV was significant for predicting attrition, χ2 (6) = 8.318, p = 0.004. HRV may provide insight for PTG stakeholders monitoring attrition. While the sample size was limited and replication is needed, this study tentatively establishes value for HRV monitoring in PTG SCs.