bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presacral epidermoid as incidental finding in coccydynia patient: a case report
Authors: Sharma Bharat Bhushan , Sharma Sandeep , Ramchandran Priya , Bhardwaj Naveen , Dewan Sakshi , Kakriya Hira Lal , Aziz Mir Rizwan
Published: November 2017

Background:

Coccydynia is pain around the coccygeal region without any definite point. This remains unclear in the beginning about the origin and nature of pain. Presacral epidermoids can either be diagnosed as an incidental finding or when these become symptomatic.

Case Presentation:

We present 35-years old female having coccydynia of 1 year duration. There was no relief of pain with symptomatic management as plain X-ray study was unremarkable. She was found to be having presacral epidermoid on imaging studies by computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Conclusion:

Being asymptomatic in nature presacral epidermoids remains undiagnosed for a long time. The cross-sectional imaging modalities as MRI is the key investigation for the diagnosis. Diffusion weighted images sequences play a key role in the work up diagnosis of presacral epidermoids.
Brief considerations on the acquisition of works of art in the European regulation of public contracts
Authors: Forte Pierpaolo
Published: November 2017

The work, renouncing to a precise definition of art, acknowledges that there are art objects and cultural objects, which, in this way, are relevant also in legal terms, and try to advance some reflections on the relevance of art in relation to the European discipline of public contracts and, in particular, what can be deduced from Directive 2014/24 / EU, which can well be understood as a sort of cultural sign that can provide insights into how art is perceived in Europe, even in political terms, in this historical phase. The paper therefore examines the use of negotiated procedures without prior publication of a contract notice, for the «creation or acquisition of a unique work of art or artistic performance», and to do so faces the problem of the object of the procurement by “contracting authorities” which deals with things or performances (works, supplies or services) relating to artistic products, by examining the needs which a public administration may have in relation to obtaining the availability of a work of art, and the different modes of this type of acquisition. Finally, the study examines the theme of «art exhibitions», trying to prove that they are autonomous objects, which are represented in the European directive under the diction «artistic performance».
Autores
Authors: Reala Revista
Published: November 2017

Autores que han intervenido en este número
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF LEDIPASVIR AND SOFOSBUVIR IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Rote Akshay P. , Alhat Janardan , Kulkarni Amol A.
Published: November 2017

The day by day new combinations drugs are being introduced in market. Then the multiple therapeutic agents which acts at different sites are used in the management of various diseases and disorders are done. Thus it is necessary to develop methods for analysis with the help of number of analytical techniques which are available for the estimation of the drugs in combination. The analyst were determine the Specific, accurate, simple, selective and stability-indicating RP-HPLC method is developed and validated for simultaneous determination of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir in tablet dosage form. RP-HPLC method was performed on the systronics isocratic HPLC System equipped with SP930 D HPLC pump and dual wavelength UV-VIS detector and C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5μm), using the mobile phase (Methanol: Water 83:17 v/v) pH 3.0 with 0.05% acidic acid at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, injection volume 20μl and UV detection at 245 nm. This method is validated according to BP, USP and ICH requirements for new methods, which include accuracy, precision, robustness, ruggedness, lod, loq, linearity and range. Linear relationships were obtained in the ranges of 10-50μg/ml and 40-200μg/ml with correlation coefficients of 0.9991 and 0.9994 at Rt value of 7.45 min and 3.50 min for sofosbuvir and ledipasvir respectively. The forced degradation studies as acidity, alkalinity, oxidation and hydrolytic degradation were performed according to ICH guidelines.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF COLON TARGETED DOSAGE FORM CONTAINING MESALAZINE USING PH DEPENDENT POLYMERS
Authors: Rawoof MD , Rajnarayana K , Ajitha M
Published: November 2017

Colonic drug delivery has gained importance not just for the delivery of the drugs for the treatment of local diseases associated with the colon like Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome but also for the potential it holds for the systemic delivery of proteins and therapeutic peptides. The aim of the study was to develop colon targeted tablets of Mesalazine by wet granulation method using 33 response surface method with design of experiment software and HPMC K4M, Eudragit RL100, Ethyl cellulose and PVP K-30 used as pH dependent polymers. All the formulations (F1 to F27) were evaluated for the physicochemical parameters and were subjected to in vitro drug release studies. The amount of Mesalazine released from tablets at different time intervals was estimated by UV spectrophotometer. The formulation F26 released 98.16% of Mesalazine after 24 h. The results of the study showed that formulation F26 is the best formulation based on the evaluation parameters which provides targeting of Mesalazine for local action in the colon owing to its minimal release of the drug in the first 4 h. The pH dependent tablet system is a promising vehicle for preventing rapid hydrolysis in gastric environment and improving oral bioavailability of Mesalazine for the treatment of disease at colon region.
FORMULATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF GASTRO-RETENTIVE FLOATING TABLETS CONTAINING QUETIAPINE FUMARATE
Authors: Poornima P , Abbulu K , Mukkanti K
Published: November 2017

The present study was focused on Gastro-retentive tablets of Quetiapine fumarate using hydrophilic polymers HPMC K 250 PH PRM, HPMC K 750 PH PRM and HPMC K 1500 pH PRM as release retarding agents. WSR 301 was chosen as resin, Sodium bicarbonate was used as effervescent agents. FTIR studies revealed that there is no interaction between the drug and polymers used for the formulation. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method and the release rate was found to decrease with proportional increase in the ratio of polymer to drug. Quetiapine fumarate has good water solubility and is absorbed well from stomach and therefore is a very good drug to be formulated into gastro retentive floating dosage form. In-vitro release profile of Quetiapine fumarate and marketed product when compared, the optimized formulation F19 showed drug release of 98.61% within 24 h whereas 96.78% of the drug was released from the marketed product within 1h. The major mechanism of drug release follows zero order kinetics and non fickian transport by coupled diffusion and erosion. Such a formulation of Quetiapine fumarate with extended drug release over 24 hours probably is the best formulation for the treatment of Schizophrenia with only one oral tablet a day thus minimizing the side effects with low drug dose. The optimized formulation remained stable when subjected to accelerated stability studies.
The Study on synthesis and transformations of some of substituted 4-methylquinolin-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Duan Le The , Thanh Nguyen Dinh , Thanh Nguyen Thi , Vu Hoang Thai , Nguyet Nguyen Thi Minh , Hoai Le Thi , Ha Nguyen Thi Thu , Van Tran Thi Thanh
Published: November 2017

Some different substituted 4-methylquinolin-2(1H)-ones have been synthesized by closing corresponding (un)substituted acetoacetanildes in the presence of ionic liquid [Bmim]OH. Obtained quinolines were conveted to its 2-chloro derivatives by reaction with POCl3. Some compounds of substituted tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinolines were synthesized by acting these 2-chloro derivatives with sodium azide in DMF as solvent. The structures of obtained compounds have been confirmed by using spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR and MS)
The Synthesis of Bio-Polyol from Epoxidized Soybean Oil
Authors: Thuy Nguyen Thi , Duc Vu Minh , Liem Nguyen Thanh
Published: November 2017

Abstract: Hydroxyl and oxirane functionality were calculated from molecular weight and hydroxyl or oxirane-oxygen content of polyol. The effect of reaction parameters like the amount of reagents, catalyst, temperature and time on a polyol synthesis was studied through the hydroxyl and oxirane functionality of product. Moreover, the impact of the parameters on the selectivity of catalyst was determined by comparing a polyol yield to an epoxide ring opening yield. When the hydroxylation reaction was carried out with ESO:H2O molar ratio of 1:15; in 8 wt.% of H2SO4; at temperature of 70oC and in 5 hours, the polyol yield of reaction was 70.32%Â  andÂ  the hydroxyl functionality of polyol reached to 5.63
Preliminary Data to Composition of Zooplankton in the Khe The Stream, My Son Sanctuary, Quang Nam Province
Authors: Nam Ngo Xuan
Published: November 2017

The zooplankton samples were collected in 30 collecting sites from 22th August to 10th September and from 17th October to 05th November 2016.

Investigation of species compositon of zooplankton in the Khe The stream, My Son Sanctuary, Quang Nam province was identified 36 species belonging to 22 genera of 13 families, 5 orders, 2 classes (Eurotatoria, Crustacea), 2 phyla (Rotatoria, Arthropoda). In particular, Rotatoria was by far the most popular with 20 species, accounting for roughly 55.6%, compared to the figure of Arthropoda was 16 species, occupying approximately 44.4%. The density of zooplankton at the sampling sites averaged 11,945 individuals/m3, from 5,000 to 25,000 individuals/m3 in dry season; averaged 8,500 individuals/m3, from 5,000 to 16,667 individuals/m3 in rainy season. The Shannon-Weiner (H') diversity index at the study sites averaged 1.84, from 1.44 to 2.58 in dry season; averaged 1.66, from 0.72 to 2.45 in rainy season.
Variáveis meteorológicas e da umidade do solo na força de desprendimento dos frutos do café
Authors: Da Silva Flávio Castro , Da Silva Fábio Moreira , Sales Ronan Souza , Ferraz Gabriel Araújo e Silva , De Barros Murilo Machado
Published: November 2017

Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar se variáveis climatológicas e de umidade do solo estão relacionadas com a variação da força de desprendimento dos frutos do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) ao longo do período de maturação. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Departamento de Agricultura da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) buscando analisar o comportamento da força de desprendimento dos frutos do cafeeiro nas maturações verde e cereja ao longo do período de maturação mediante as variáveis meteorológicas do ar e de umidade do solo, conduzindo os ensaios sob quatro diferentes condicionamentos de umidade do solo. As alterações nos parâmetros meteorológicos e de umidade do solo acarretam na alteração da força de desprendimento dos frutos, principalmente na maturação verde. Com o aumento de temperatura ocorreu diminuição da força de desprendimento dos frutos verdes e tendência de diminuição para os frutos cereja. A umidade do solo apresentou correlação positiva com a força de desprendimento dos frutos verdes e tendência positiva para os frutos cereja. A precipitação tendeu a diminuir a força de desprendimento dos frutos verde e cereja nos três dias após sua ocorrência.
Additives, Hole Transporting Materials and Spectroscopic Methods to Characterize the Properties of Perovskite Films
Authors: Ummadisingu Amita , Seo Ji-Youn , Stojanovic Marko , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Grätzel Michael , Hagfeldt Anders , Vlachopoulos Nick , Saliba Michael
Published: November 2017

The achievement of high efficiency and high stability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) requires optimal selection and evaluation of the various components. After a brief introduction to the perovskite materials and their historical evolution, the first part is devoted to the hole transporting
material (HTM), between photoelectrode and dark counter electrode. The basic requirements for an efficient HTM are stated. Subsequently, the most used HTM, spiro-OMeTAD, is compared to alternative HTMs, both small-molecule size species and electronically conducting polymers. The second part
is devoted to additives related to the performance of the perovskite light-absorbing material itself. These are related either to the modification of the composition of the material itself or to the optimization of the morphology during the perovskite preparation stage, and their effect is
in the enhancement of the power conversion efficiency, the long-term stability, or the reproducibility of the properties of the PSCs. Finally, a number of spectroscopic methods based on the UV-Vis part of the electromagnetic spectrum useful for characterizing the different perovskite material types are described in the last part of this review.
Synthesis, Characterization of Zinc Complexes with Neutral ?-Diimine Ligands and Application in Ring-opening Polymerization of ?-Caprolactone
Authors: Wang Xiaodan , Liu Xuehong , Huang Ju
Published: November 2017

A series of neutral ?-diimine ligands with diacetyl and acenaphthenequinone skeletons were prepared by the reaction between diacetyl and the corresponding aromatic amine. These ligands reacted with ZnCl2 to generate symmetric ?-diimine zinc complexes C1–C10.
Experimental results indicated that the ?-diimine zinc complexes with a diacetyl skeleton (C1–C4) were active in ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ?-caprolactone (?-CL). The complexes with an acenaphthenequinone skeleton showed a small steric effect (C5,
C8 and C9) but the complex substituted with an electron-withdrawing group (C10) showed high activity in the monomer conversion rate during ROP of ?-CL. The ROP catalysts of ?-CL demonstrated the mechanism of monomer activation in the presence of benzyl alcohol.
O PROCESSO DE APRESENTAÇÃO DAS ORIENTAÇÕES CURRICULARES AOS PROFESSORES DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO NA CIDADE DE SINOP (MT).
Authors: Silva Magno Rodrigo da , Barbosa Edson Pereira
Published: November 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo de discutir como o currículo prescrito pelas Orientações Curriculares para o Estado de Mato Grosso foi apresentado aos professores de Matemática da rede estadual da Educação Básica da cidade de Sinop (MT). Para isso, apresenta-se uma breve revisão sobre currículo e formação continuada. Posteriormente, adotando uma perspectiva de pesquisa qualitativa, baseada em documentos e entrevistas do tipo Grupo Focal, com três grupos de professores – formadores, gestores e professores –, evidencia-se que a ausência de participação dos professores nas discussões das orientações curriculares, bem como as limitações dos formadores e da dinâmica formativa adotada, acentuam o distanciamento entre teoria e prática na formação continuada, contribuindo para que os professores se vejam como receptores da proposta curricular e solitários para enfrentar as dificuldades de implementação das prescrições do referido currículo em sala de aula.
AS PESQUISAS EM EDUCAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS NA INTERFACE COM A EDUCAÇÃO INDÍGENA: a abordagem qualitativa na evidência dos dados
Authors: Oliveira Lúcia Helena Soares de , Brito Licurgo Peixoto de , Kalhil Josefina Barrera
Published: November 2017

Este artigo apresenta resultados das pesquisas de doutoramento desenvolvidas nos programas de pós-graduação em Educação em Ciências e Matemática sobre as abordagens metodológicas que tem sustentado os estudos sobre os saberes tradicionais indígenas e o ensino de ciências naturais no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Buscou-se analisar que tratamento metodológico poderia ser competente para enfrentar a problemática do universo de significados que envolvem uma pesquisa cultural. Visto que, é importante saber, que a opção por um tipo de enfoque depende da área de estudos à qual vai se aplicar. Assim como, determinar o tratamento metodológico que se mostre competente para enfrentar a intrincada problemática respeitando os requisitos básicos de avaliação epistêmica são fatores que devem ser priorizados pelo pesquisador. Diante dos achados, fortalece-se a certeza de que o enfoque que mais se adéqua para os estudos culturais tem ancoragem na abordagem qualitativa. Nas pesquisas analisadas verificou-se a interpretação de aspectos em profundidade numa descrição da complexidade humana detalhada. Portanto, a abordagem qualitativa permite a compreensão detalhada dos significados e das características situacionais dos sujeitos envolvidos, assim como, preocupa-se com uma realidade que não pode ser quantificado e nem reduzido à operacionalização de variáveis. Visto, a finalidade da pesquisa cientifica não está centrada tão somente na exposição de um relatório ou descrição dos dados, mas em relatar o desenvolvimento interpretativo dos dados obtidos.
Cognitive Evolution and the Transmission of Popular Narratives: A Literature Review and Application to Urban Legends
Authors: Stubbersfield Joseph M. , Flynn Emma G. , Tehrani Jamshid J.
Published: November 2017

Recent research into cultural transmission suggests that humans are disposed to learn, remember, and transmit certain types of information more easily than others, and that any information that is passed between people will be subjected to cognitive selective pressures that alter the content and structure so as to make it maximally transmittable. This paper presents a review of emerging research on content biases in cultural evolution with relevance to the transmission of popular narratives. This is illustrated with content analysis of urban legends, which found that most exploited at least one known content bias, with emotional information and social information being the most frequent. We argue that the narratives do not succeed because of the transmission of adaptively relevant information but because of their exploitation of content biases in human cognition.Keywords: urban legends, content biases, cognitive biases, cultural evolution, cultural transmission
EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR INTEGRAL: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE CONCEPÇÕES EDUCACIONAIS NA ANTIGUIDADE E NA ATUALIDADE
Authors: SILVA PAIVA FLÁVIA RUSSO , DO N. ROSA ALESSANDRA VICTOR , LIMA DA COSTA VALDENEY
Published: November 2017

Refletir acerca da formação completa para o indivíduo não é uma tarefa atual, mas sim característica recorrente desde os primórdios da civilização grega, em que os gregos buscavam formar um cidadão completo para atuar na pólis. O contexto atual trouxe à tona essa discussão apresentando-a sob o epíteto de ‘educação integral’, por meio de diferentes concepções educacionais. Compreender o significado desta expressão requer, primeiramente, a consciência de que não existe consenso quanto a sua definição. Assim, consideramos pertinente recorrer ao passado na tentativa de identificar as matrizes ideológicas que, em uma perspectiva sóciohistórica, fundamentaram uma das concepções dessa educação mais ampla direcionada aos indivíduos. Desse modo, o presente artigo objetiva refletir sobre as concepções que fundamentam uma formação escolar integral para o indivíduo, partindo da paidéia grega à reflexões sobre o(s) discurso(s) acerca da educação integral, fomentado pelas políticas educacionais brasileiras na cenário atual. Especificamente, buscaremos compreender as diferentes concepções de educação escolar integral e caracterizar a natureza histórica e filosófica desta. Metodologicamente, utilizamos a pesquisa bibliográfica e apoiamos nossas análises nas contribuições teóricas de autores que se debruçam ao estudo da educação integral e(m) tempo integral, a saber: Cavaliere (2004, 2009, 2014), Coelho (2004a, 2004b, 2009, 2014), Paiva (2013, 2014), Rosa (2011), dentre outros. Os resultados dessa pesquisa revelaram que na atualidade existe uma diversidade de conceitos acerca da terminologia educação integral, principalmente nos discursos das políticas governamentais. Esse fato, além de não cooperar para seu fortalecimento enquanto política pública, também dificulta a elaboração de práticas pedagógicas que a sustente, visto que o entendimento sobre esse tipo de educação é caracterizado por dissensos.
New influenza A(H1N1) virus infections in France, April – May 2009
Authors: New influenza A(H1N1) investigation teams* Collective
Published: November 2017

Since the emergence of a new influenza A(H1N1) virus in North America and its international spread, an active surveillance of cases of infection due to this virus has been set up in France in order to undertake appropriate measures to slow down the spread of the new virus. This report describes the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the 16 laboratory confirmed cases diagnosed in France as of 20 May 2009.
Outbreak of influenza A(H1N1)v without travel history in a school in the Toulouse district, France, June 2009
Authors: Guinard A , Grout L , Durand C , Schwoebel V
Published: November 2017

In June 2009, for the first time in France, a confirmed outbreak of influenza A(H1N1)v without history of travel occurred in a secondary school in Toulouse district. A total of 15 cases were confirmed among students of which three were asymptomatic. This report describes the outbreak and its public health implications.
Europe’s initial experience with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - mitigation and delaying policies and practices
Authors: Nicoll A , Coulombier D
Published: November 2017

Europe has experienced more than two months of the first transmissions and outbreak of the 2009 pandemic of A(H1N1)v. This article summarises some of the experience to date and looks towards the expected autumn increases of influenza activity that will affect every country. To date the distribution of transmission has been highly heterogenous between and within countries, with one country the United Kingdom (UK) experiencing the most cases and the highest transmission rates. Most infections are mild but there are steadily increasing numbers of people needing hospital care and more deaths are being reported. An initial difference in practice between Europe and North America was over case-finding and treatment with some authorities in Europe using active case-finding, contact tracing and treatment/prophylaxis with antivirals to try and delay transmission. This article details the history of this practice in the past two months and explains how and why countries are moving to mitigation, especially treating with antivirals those at higher risk of experiencing severe disease.
Interim analysis of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 in Australia: surveillance trends, age of infection and effectiveness of seasonal vaccination
Authors: Kelly H , Grant K
Published: November 2017

Between May and September each year, influenza sentinel surveillance is conducted in general practices in Melbourne and the state of Victoria in southern Australia. We describe the first 11 weeks of sentinel surveillance in 2009 (weeks 18-28), during which time pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 virus became established, and investigate the protective effect of seasonal influenza vaccine against laboratory-confirmed infection caused by the pandemic virus. At the time of reporting, the peak ILI activity in 2009 had been reached and was similar to the peak recorded in 2007 but below the peak of 2003. The proportion of cases positive for any influenza virus increased from 6% in the first week of surveillance (week 18) to 59% by week 28, during which time the proportion of influenza viruses detected as pandemic influenza increased from zero to 95%, with at least 91% of all influenza viruses confirmed as pandemic influenza by the eighth week of surveillance (week 25). The median age of all 223 patients with pandemic influenza for whom age was known was 21 years (range 2-63 years) compared with the median age of 53 patients with seasonal H1N1 influenza in 2007 or 2008 of 23 years (range 1-75 years). There was no evidence of significant protection from seasonal vaccine against pandemic influenza virus infection in any age group.
Outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Muenster infections associated with goat's cheese, France, March 2008
Authors: van Cauteren D , Jourdan-da Silva N , Weill F  X , King L , Brisabois A , Delmas G , Vaillant V , de Valk H
Published: November 2017

Salmonella enterica serotype Muenster (hereafter referred to as S. Muenster) is rare in France and in Europe. In France, a nationwide outbreak of gastrointestinal illness due to S. Muenster occurred during March and April 2008. Twenty-five laboratory-confirmed cases of S. Muenster were documented by telephone using a trawling questionnaire. Four patients were admitted to hospital and no death was recorded. Among the 21 interviewed cases, 16 reported consumption of goat's cheese in the days prior to symptoms. The investigation incriminated goat's cheese from producer X as being the most likely source of the outbreak. S. Muenster was isolated from both cases and the incriminated goat's cheese. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of the food isolates of producer X and the isolates from cases were indistinguishable. Following the withdrawal of the contaminated batch of cheese, the number of cases decreased to its usual level. To our knowledge, this is the first published outbreak of S. Muenster associated with food consumption in Europe.
HIV infections and STI co-infections in men who have sex with men in Belgium: sustained increase in HIV diagnoses
Authors: Sasse A , Defraye A
Published: November 2017

Belgium is currently experiencing an upward trend in the number of new HIV diagnoses characterised by a continuous increase in the number of cases among men who have sex with men (MSM). Based on surveillance data, in the past decade the yearly number of newly diagnosed HIV cases in MSM increased more than threefold, from 101 cases diagnosed in 1999 to 332 cases in 2008. During this period, the majority of new HIV infections in MSM were diagnosed among Belgians citizens (72%), followed by other European nationalities (13%). The increase in HIV diagnoses does not reflect an increase in HIV testing since the number of tests performed nationwide remained remarkably stable over time. The steady increase in the number of newly diagnosed HIV cases among MSM, and the high proportion of MSM among HIV-positive patients co-infected with other sexually transmitted infections (STI) (95.6% in 2008) indicate increases in unsafe sex practices in this group. Development of behavioural surveillance and more qualitative research on reasons for unsafe sex are needed in order to develop more effective prevention strategies.
HIV/AIDS and other STI in men who have sex with men – a continuous challenge for public health
Authors: van de Laar M J
Published: November 2017

World Aids Day provides a good opportunity to take stock of the status of the HIV/AIDS epidemics in Europe and to reflect on achievements made and ongoing challenges.
Carbapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae in Europe: conclusions from a meeting of national experts
Authors: Grundmann H , Livermore D M , Giske C G , Cantón R , Rossolini G M , Campos J , Vatopoulos A , Gniadkowski M , Toth A , Pfeifer Y , Jarlier V , Carmeli Y , the CNSE Working Group Collective
Published: November 2017

The emergence and global spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is of great concern to health services worldwide. These bacteria are often resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics and frequently co-resistant to most other antibiotics, leaving very few treatment options. The epidemiology is compounded by the diversity of carbapenem-hydrolysing enzymes and the ability of their genes to spread between different bacterial species. Difficulties are also encountered by laboratories when trying to detect carbapenemase production during routine diagnostic procedures due to an often heterogeneous expression of resistance. Some of the resistance genes are associated with successful clonal lineages which have a selective advantage in those hospitals where antimicrobial use is high and opportunities for transmission exist; others are more often associated with transmissible plasmids. A genetically distinct strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type (ST) 258 harbouring the K. pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPC) has been causing epidemics of national and international proportions. It follows the pathways of patient referrals, causing hospital outbreaks along the way. Simultaneously, diverse strains harbouring New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM-1) are repeatedly being imported into Europe, commonly via patients with prior medical exposure in the Indian subcontinent. Since the nature and scale of carbapenem-non-susceptible Entrobacteriaceae as a threat to hospital patients in Europe remains unclear, a consultation of experts from 31 countries set out to identify the gaps in diagnostic and response capacity, to index the magnitude of carbapenem-non-susceptibility across Europe using a novel five-level staging system, and to provide elements of a strategy to combat this public health issue in a concerted manner.
New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1–producing Enterobacteriaceae: emergence and response in Europe
Authors: Struelens M J , Monnet D L , Magiorakos A P , Santos O’Connor F , Giesecke J , the European NDM-1 Survey Participants Collective
Published: November 2017

Acquired carbapenemases confer extensive antibiotic resistance to Enterobacteriaceae and represent a public health threat. A novel acquired carbapenemase, New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (NDM-1), has recently been described in the United Kingdom and Sweden, mostly in patients who had received care on the Indian subcontinent. We conducted a survey among 29 European countries (the European Union Member States, Iceland and Norway) to gather information on the spread of NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe, on public health responses and on available national guidance on detection, surveillance and control. A total of 77 cases were reported from 13 countries from 2008 to 2010. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequently reported species with 54%. Among 55 cases with recorded travel history, 31 had previously travelled or been admitted to a hospital in India or Pakistan and five had been hospitalised in the Balkan region. Possible nosocomial acquisition accounted for 13 of 77 cases. National guidance on NDM-1 detection was available in 14 countries and on NDM-1 control in 11 countries. In conclusion, NDM-1 is spreading across Europe, where it is frequently linked to a history of healthcare abroad, but also to emerging nosocomial transmission. National guidance in response to the threat of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is available in approximately half of the surveyed European countries. Surveillance of carbapenemase- producing Enterobacteriaceae must be enhanced in Europe and effective control measures identified and implemented.
The current state of introduction of human papillomavirus vaccination into national immunisation schedules in Europe: first results of the VENICE2 2010 survey
Authors: Dorleans F , Giambi C , Dematte L , Cotter S , Stefanoff P , Mereckiene J , O’Flanagan D , Lopalco P L , D'Ancona F , Lévy-Bruhl D , on behalf of the VENICE 2 project gatekeepers group Collective
Published: November 2017

The Venice 2 human papillomavirus vaccination survey evaluates the state of introduction of the HPV vaccination into the national immunisation schedules in the 29 participating countries. As of July 2010, 18 countries have integrated this vaccination. The vaccination policy and achievements vary among those countries regarding target age groups, delivery infrastructures and vaccination coverage reached. Financial constraints remain the major obstacle for the 11 countries who have not yet introduced the vaccination.
Análise da planicidade do ganho de amplificadores híbridos com bombeamento residual
Authors: Martini Márcia da Mota Jardim , Diniz Fernando Almeida , Paganotto Leonardo
Published: November 2017

Neste trabalho são estudadas configurações de amplificadores híbridos constituídos por amplificador Raman em cascata com Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (Amplificador com fibra dopada com Érbio) com reciclagem de bombeamento residual Raman, a serem utilizados na expansão da capacidade de sistemas de comunicações óticas utilizando Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) (Multiplexação por Divisão de Comprimento de Onda. Foi realizada), mediante simulação utilizando pacote comercial, análise do desempenho de diferentes configurações de amplificadores híbridos Raman+EDFA, em termos do ganho global e ondulação (ripple - variação do ganho dos canais de entrada). A flexibilidade do perfil espectral do amplificador Raman pode ser combinada com a alta capacidade de potência de saída do EDFA para obter amplificadores híbridos com banda larga. Este trabalho aplica a técnica de otimização de lasers de bombeamento de amplificadores Raman aplicada em amplificadores híbridos Raman+EDFA para aplicações em sistemas WDM. Os resultados preliminares demonstram que o amplificador híbrido Raman+EDFA com reciclagem de bombeamento residual Raman combinado com uma seleção apropriada de potências e comprimentos de onda dos lasers de bombeamento Raman, possibilita a obtenção de amplificadores híbridos banda larga com maior eficiência de conversão de potência, ganho alto e plano.Palavras-chave: Amplificadores Raman. EDFA. Amplificadores híbridos. Bombeamento residual. WDM.Gain ripple analysis on hybrid amplifiers with recycled pumpAbstract In this work different configurations of hybrid amplifiers are studied, made by a Raman amplifier followed by an EDFA. Such amplifiers can be used to increase the transmission capacity in optical communication systems. The performance of different hybrid EDFA+Raman amplifiers is obtained using commercial software. Their performance is analyzed in terms of the global gain and ripple. The flexibility of the Raman amplifier spectral profile combined with high capacity output power for EDFA provides broadband hybrid amplifiers. This paper uses the technique of optimizing lasers pumped Raman amplifiers applied in hybrid amplifiers for applications in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) systems. Preliminary results demonstrated that the Raman+EDFA hybrid amplifier under recycling residual Raman pump, allied with the proper selection of pump wavelengths and powers, enables the construction of broadband amplifiers with enhanced power conversion efficiency and high and flat gains.Keywords: Raman amplifier. EDFA. Hybrid amplifiers. Pump recycling. WDM.
Estudos de métodos para avaliação cega de qualidade de imagem
Authors: Barros Wagner Ferreira de , Pádua Flávio Luis Cardeal , Junqueira Gustavo Augusto Silva , Ferreira Rafael Sales Medina
Published: November 2017

Avaliação da qualidade da imagem é a medição de um atributo (propriedades ou características) de uma determinada imagem. Esta é utilizada em diversas aplicações na área de processamento de imagens. A qualidade da imagem pode ser avaliada por duas metodologias distintas, forma subjetiva ou objetiva. O método objetivo quantifica a qualidade da imagem de forma automática, havendo ou não a imagem ideal de referência. O método subjetivo faz uso da opinião de um observador, sendo este um método mais caro. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão de métodos objetivos sem referência da avaliação da qualidade de imagem. Foram abordadas as principais características dos algoritmos de evolução, neural e de Ruídos e Borramento, todos sem a utilização de uma imagem como referência. Baseando-se nos resultados satisfatórios apresentados, o estudo e comparação destas métricas podem ser aprofundados de forma prática em futuros trabalhos.Palavras-chave: Avaliação da Qualidade de Imagem (AQI). Método objetivo. Método sem referência. Algoritmo evolutivo. Algoritmo neural. Borramento e ruído.Studies of methods for blind image quality assessment  AbstractImage Quality Evaluation is the measurement of an attribute (properties or characteristics) of a given image. It is used in several applications in the field of image processing. The quality of the image can be evaluated in two different methods: subjective and objective. The objective method quantifies the image quality automatically, with or without the ideal image reference. The subjective method uses the opinion of an observer; however, it is more expensive. This paper presents a review of the objective method with no reference of the image quality evaluation. The survey covered the main features of evolutionary, neural and Noise and Blurring algorithms. All of them had no use of an image as reference. Based on the satisfactory results presented, the study and the comparison of these metrics may undergo a more practical approach in future works.Keywords: Image Quality Evaluation (IQA). Objective method. No reference method. Evolutionary algorithm. Neural algorithm. Blur and noise.
PRODUKSI REKOMBINAN SEFALOSPORIN ASILASE SEBAGAI BIOKATALIS UNTUK PRODUKSI ASAM 7-AMINOSEFALOSPORANAT
Authors: Isdiyono Bima Wedana , Hardianto Dudi , Ivan Fransiskus Xaverius
Published: November 2017

Production of Cephalosporin Acylase Recombinant as Biocatalyst for 7-Aminocephalosporanic Acid Production7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) is a precursor for the production of semisynthetic cephalosporin derivatives. The enzymatic 7-ACA production can use two-stage and one-step enzymatic methods. Two-stage enzymatic method uses D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) enzyme to produce glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid (GL-7-ACA) in the first stage and glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase to produce 7-ACA in the second stage. The one-stage enzymatic method using cephalosporin acylase (CPC acylase) converts the CPC to 7-ACA directly. The aim of this research was to produce recombinant CPC acylase in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Transformantion culture E. coli BL21(DE3) was induced with concentrations of IPTG 0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1; 2 mM for 5 hours. The induction time of IPTG was determined at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours. The results showed that CPC acylase produced by E. coli BL21(DE3) with optimum condition of CPC acylase production was 0.5 mM IPTG and optimal induction time of IPTG was 5 hours.Keywords: Cephalosporin, cephalosporin acylase, 7-ACA, protein expression, Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) ABSTRAKAsam 7-aminosefalosporanat (7-ACA) merupakan prekursor untuk produksi turunan sefalosporin semisintetik. Produksi 7-ACA secara enzimatik dapat menggunakan metode dua tahap dan satu tahap enzimatik. Metode enzimatik secara dua tahap menggunakan enzim asam D-amino oksidase (DAAO) untuk menghasilkan asam glutaril-7-aminosefalosporinat (GL-7-ACA) pada tahap pertama dan menggunakan asam glutaril-7-aminosefalosporinat asilase untuk menghasilkan 7-ACA pada tahap kedua. Metode enzimatik satu tahap dengan sefalosporin asilase (CPC asilase) mengubah CPC menjadi 7-ACA secara langsung. Tujuan penelitian adalah memproduksi rekombinan CPC asilase di dalam sel Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Kultur Transforman E. coli BL21(DE3) diinduksi dengan konsentrasi IPTG 0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75; 1; 2 mM selama 5 jam. Waktu induksi IPTG ditentukan pada 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 dan 5 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa CPC asilase diproduksi oleh E. coli BL21(DE3) dengan kondisi optimal produksi CPC asilase adalah konsentrasi IPTG 0,5 mM dan waktu induksi IPTG optimal adalah 5 jam.
Local elections and community health care in Nepal
Authors: Regmi Pramod R , Teijlingen Edwin Van , Simkhada Padam , Aryal Nirmal
Published: November 2017

No abstract available
Interview with Lisa Hébert about Capital Rainbow Refuge
Authors: Cameron Angela
Published: November 2017

Angela Cameron interviewed Lisa Hébert, Nicole's partner about Nicole's work, their work together, Nicole's legacy, and Lisa's ongoing efforts on the part of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer refugees and newcomers.
Denying Refugee Protection to LGBTQ and Marginalized Persons: A Retrospective Look at State Protection in Canadian Refugee Law
Authors: Liew Jamie Chai Yun
Published: November 2017

Canadian refugee law has evolved substantially in the last two decades, especially when it comes to making findings of whether a state provides protection to a refugee claimant. Canadian refugee law is making problematic presumptions, increasing burdens on claimants, asking claimants whether they have done their due diligence, and accepting just the best efforts of a state to assuage concerns that protection is necessary. All of these measures have been adopted without consideration as to the true object and purpose of the refugee protection regime and the international law principles that support this regime. Currently in Canada, there is not only confusion as to what the refugee definition calls for in terms of assessing state protection but also the inconsistent application of various approaches, which gives rise to concerns that legitimate refugee claimants are being denied protection, especially those who make claims based on gender and sexual orientation. This article argues that the integrity of Canada's refugee protection regime is at stake and decision makers and judges should reconsider the path Canada has taken since Canada v Ward. The recommendation in this article is to eliminate presumptions, do away with the expectations that claimants need to exercise all due diligence, and accept nothing but effective state protection.
Quand le droit international des droits de l'Homme et le droit canadien des réfugiés LGBTQ+ convergent
Authors: Houle France , Allister Karine Mac
Published: November 2017

Cet article analyse les Principes directeurs no 9 du Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies aux réfugiés sur les Demandes de statut de réfugié fondées sur l'orientation sexuelle et/ou l'identité de genre dans le contexte de l'article 1A (2) de la Convention de 1951 et/ou de son Protocole de 1967 relatifs au statut de réfugiés ainsi que les nouvelles Directives numéro 9 du président concernant les audiences de la Commission de l'immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada faisant intervenir une personne appartenant à une minorité sexuelle ou à une minorité de genre. Il conclut à une convergence du droit canadien et du droit international des droits de l'homme en matière de détermination du statut de réfugié pour les personnes LGBTQ+.
Criminalization on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: Reframing the Dominant Human Rights Discourse to include Freedom from Torture and Inhuman and Degrading Treatment
Authors: Bejzyk Melanie
Published: November 2017

This article examines the evolving discourse under the international human rights legal framework regarding laws that criminalize people on the basis of their actual or perceived non-normative sexual orientation and/or gender identity. Legislation typically outlaws specific types of sexual activity or any sexual activity between persons of the same sex. Some laws specifically dictate adherence to a gender identity and/or gender expression according to a traditional notion of a male/female binary by banning conduct such as “imitating the appearance of the opposite sex.” These laws have predominantly been interpreted by United Nations human rights mechanisms, regional human rights mechanisms, and national courts as a breach of the rights to privacy, equality, and non-discrimination. However, some mechanisms and courts are increasingly acknowledging the impact of these criminal sanctions on the right to freedom from torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment. In particular, these mechanisms and courts are demonstrating a greater understanding of the ways in which such criminalization serves to foster and reinforce the stigmatization of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) individuals and increases their vulnerability to inhuman and degrading treatment and, in some cases, torture. The evolution of this discourse is important because, in appropriate cases, the assertion of the non-derogable, customary law prohibition against torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment may provide legal recourse to those challenging LGBTI criminalization in the national context where it would not otherwise be available under the privacy/equality/non-discrimination paradigm. Moreover, in instances where the persecutory impacts of LGBTI criminalization are being assessed in refugee claims based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity, decision makers can be encouraged not only to look at the number of prosecutions but also to assess specific information about the way such criminalization reinforces the vulnerability of LGBTI asylum seekers to inhuman and degrading treatment and sometimes torture.
Lebenszyklusorientierte Technologieplanung
Authors: Grünebaum Timm , Rey Jan , Trauth Daniel , Mattfeld Patrick , Klocke Fritz
Published: November 2017

Kurzfassung

Die ökologische Bewertung von Technologien erfolgt bislang unter Berücksichtigung der Herstellungsphase eines Produkts. Effekte, die zu einer Reduktion der Umweltauswirkungen in weiteren Lebensphasen führen, werden vernachlässigt. Daher wurde ein Vorgehensmodell zur Bewertung von Technologien anhand der Umweltauswirkungen des gefertigten Produkts von der Herstellungsphase bis zur Entsorgungsphase entwickelt. Der Fokus liegt auf der Berücksichtigung von Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Lebensphasen.
Unikatsidentifizierung mittels Chargen-Fingerprint
Authors: Cichos Daniel , Hotz Hendrik , Aurich Jan C.
Published: November 2017

Kurzfassung

Investitionsgüter müssen zur Nachverfolgbarkeit eindeutig identifizierbar und fälschungssicher sein. Das Identifizierungsverfahren „Chargen-Fingerprint“ berücksichtigt stochastische Eigenschaften der elementaren Zusammensetzung von metallischen Bauteilen, sodass die Merkmale nicht kopiert werden können. Durch die Analyse der Zusammensetzung kann ein individueller Fingerabdruck detektiert werden. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen zur Realisierung des Chargen-Fingerprints aufgezeigt.
Risikobasierte Preisgestaltung von Full-Service-Verträgen
Authors: Dombrowski Uwe , Adams Tim , Dreyer Maximilian
Published: November 2017

Kurzfassung

Um weiterhin hohe Gewinnmargen zu erzielen und die Kundenzufriedenheit sicherzustellen, wird in diesem Beitrag ein dreistufiges Vorgehen zur risikobasierten Preisgestaltung von Full-Service-Verträgen vorgestellt. Hierdurch können die Gefahr negativer Deckungsbeiträge für Serviceanbieter reduziert und die erwartete Vertragsrendite gesteigert werden.
Materialeinsparung in der Verpackungsindustrie
Authors: Liewald Mathias , Schneider Matthias
Published: November 2017

Kurzfassung

Das Short Cycle Stretchforming (SCS) ist ein neuartiges Verfahren des kombinierten Tief- und Streckziehens, das ursprünglich für die Herstellung von Außenhautteilen von Kraftfahrzeugen entwickelt wurde. Im Rahmen einer Weiterentwicklung wurde diese Technologie erfolgreich in den Herstellungsprozess von Dosen und Behältern aus Blech integriert und dadurch Materialeinsparungen von 3 Prozent realisiert.