bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability Analysis of ChatGPT-Based Sentiment Analysis in AI Quality Assurance
Authors: Ouyang Tinghui , MaungMaung AprilPyone , Konishi Koichi , Seo Yoshiki , Echizen Isao
Published: December 2024

In the era of large AI models, the intricate architectures and vast parameter sets of models such as large language models (LLMs) present significant challenges for effective AI quality management (AIQM). This paper investigates the quality assurance of a specific LLM-based AI product: ChatGPT-based sentiment analysis. The study focuses on stability issues, examining both the operation and robustness of ChatGPT’s underlying large-scale AI model. Through experimental analysis on benchmark datasets for sentiment analysis, the findings highlight the ChatGPT-based sentiment analysis’s susceptibility to uncertainty, which relates to various operational factors. Furthermore, the study reveals that the ChatGPT-based model faces stability challenges, particularly when confronted with conventional small-text adversarial attacks targeting robustness.
Risks and Challenges of Oversized Transport in the Energy Industry
Authors: Masłowski Dariusz , Dendera-Gruszka Małgorzata , Giera Julia , Kulińska Ewa , Olejnik Krzysztof , Szumidłowska Justyna
Published: December 2024

The transport of oversized loads, such as wind turbine components, represents a key logistical challenge due to specific technical and regulatory requirements. The development of the renewable energy sector, particularly wind energy in Poland, has significantly increased the demand for this type of transport. The implementation of wind farm construction projects requires not only advanced technological solutions but also special attention to transport safety and the organization of logistical processes. This study employed the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) risk analysis method, which allows for the identification of potential defects and their causes. Data were collected through surveys, interviews with representatives of transport companies, and field observations. The research sample included 11 companies specializing in oversized transport in Poland and European countries. Based on the gathered information, 15 typical risks associated with the transport of wind turbine components were identified. The most significant risks include the possibility of road accidents and discrepancies between the actual dimensions of the cargo and the transport documentation. The results highlight the need for improvements in route planning, precise verification of cargo parameters, and better management of administrative processes related to obtaining permits. The development of the wind energy sector and dynamic investments in wind farms make the optimization of oversized transport a crucial element in supporting the execution of eco-friendly projects and sustainable development.
Agriculture as Energy Prosumer: Review of Problems, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Sulewski Piotr , Wąs Adam
Published: December 2024

The issue of energy in agriculture is complex and multifaceted. Historically, agriculture was the first producer of energy through the conversion of solar energy into biomass. However, industrial development has made agriculture an important consumer of fossil energy. Although the share of agriculture in the consumption of direct energy carriers is relatively small, today’s agricultural producers use many inputs, the production of which also consumes much energy, mainly from fossil fuels (e.g., synthetic fertilizers).The food security of the world’s growing population does not allow for a radical reduction in direct and indirect energy inputs in agriculturer. Undoubtedly, some opportunities lie in improving energy efficiency in agricultural production, as any waste of inputs is also a waste of energy. In addition to improving efficiency, the agricultural sector has significant opportunities to consume energy for its own use and for other sectors of the economy. Biomass has a wide range of applications and plays a special role here. Other forms of renewable energy, such as increasingly popular agrovoltaics, are also important options. When analyzing the place of agriculture in the energy system, it is therefore worth seeing this sector as a specific energy prosumer, which is essential in the energy transition process. Such a point of view is adopted in this study, which attempts to identify the determinants of agriculture as a consumer and producer of renewable energy.
CO2 Emission Prediction for Coal-Fired Power Plants by Random Forest-Recursive Feature Elimination-Deep Forest-Optuna Framework
Authors: Tu Kezhi , Wang Yanfeng , Li Xian , Wang Xiangxi , Hu Zhenzhong , Luo Bo , Shi Liu , Li Minghan , Luo Guangqian , Yao Hong
Published: December 2024

As the greenhouse effect intensifies, China faces pressure to manage CO2 emissions. Coal-fired power plants are a major source of CO2 in China. Traditional CO2 emission accounting methods of power plants are deficient in computational efficiency and accuracy. To solve these problems, this study proposes a novel RF-RFE-DF-Optuna (random forest–recursive feature elimination–deep forest–Optuna) framework, enabling accurate CO2 emission prediction for coal-fired power plants. The framework begins with RF-RFE for feature selection, identifying and extracting the most important features for CO2 emissions from the power plant, reducing dimensionality from 46 to just 5 crucial features. Secondly, the study used the DF model to predict CO2 emissions, combined with the Optuna framework, to enhance prediction accuracy further. The results illustrated the enhancements in model performance and showed a significant improvement with a 0.12706 increase in R2 and reductions in MSE and MAE by 81.70% and 36.88%, respectively, compared to the best performance of the traditional model. This framework improves predictive accuracy and offers a computationally efficient real-time CO2 emission monitoring solution in coal-fired power plants.
Auction-Based Policy of Brazil’s Wind Power Industry: Challenges for Legitimacy Creation
Authors: Herrera Milton M. , Uriona Maldonado Mauricio , Méndez-Morales Alberto
Published: December 2024

Brazil’s wind power industry (WPI) has thrived since the early 2000s, driven by a successful auction-based expansion plan. However, the recent rise of cost-competitive solar power and policy shifts favoring other energy sources, such as natural gas, have created uncertainty about the future of wind energy in Brazil and reduced the wind sector’s legitimacy. Additionally, the cancellation of wind power auctions and support for other energy sources (evidenced by the new regulation for natural gas) has sent mixed signals to the market. These actions have sparked concerns regarding the future trajectory of the WPI. This paper focuses on the long-term effects of this energy policy decision on the so-called legitimacy function of the technological innovation systems (TIS) for the case of WPI in Brazil. The study aims to identify challenges arising from the growing appeal of solar power that may hinder wind energy adoption and to offer policy recommendations to strengthen the wind sector’s legitimacy. A system dynamics model is proposed to quantify such impacts in the long run, showing the interactions between the wind power capacity, wind generation costs, and the legitimacy function of the TIS. Results show the importance of policy consistency and institutional support in fostering a stable environment for renewable energy technologies like wind power to flourish.
Exploring the Role of Donor–Acceptor Interactions in Phenothiazine Organic Dyes and Their Implications for Quasi-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Afre Rakesh A. , Ryu Ka Yeon , Shin Won Suk , Pugliese Diego
Published: December 2024

This study introduces novel phenothiazine-based organic dyes, 2-LBH-100, 2-LBH-44, and 2-Ryu-4, specifically designed for quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (QsDSSCs). Employing a donor-π-acceptor architecture, these dyes incorporate varying electron-donating moieties, including bis(3-(hexyloxy)phenyl)amine and diphenylamino, coupled with a cyanoacrylic acid acceptor. Alkoxy substitutions in 2-LBH-100 and 2-LBH-44 enhanced solubility and dye loading on TiO2, leading to improved performance in QsDSSCs. 2-LBH-100 exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 5% with excellent stability, while 2-LBH-44 demonstrated a PCE of over 3%, increasing to 4% over time. 2-Ryu-4, with its diphenylamino donor, achieved an initial PCE of over 6%. This research highlights the crucial role of donor–acceptor interactions in optimizing organic dye design for high-performance QsDSSCs, paving the way for efficient and stable next-generation solar energy technologies.
Design, Control, and Evaluation of a Photovoltaic Snow Removal Strategy Based on a Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Photovoltaic–Electric Vehicle Application
Authors: Elakkad Salma , Hesham Mohamed , Bastawrous Hany Ayad , Makeen Peter
Published: December 2024

A novel self-heating technique is proposed to clear snow from photovoltaic panels as a solution to the issue of winter snow accumulation in photovoltaic (PV) power plants. This approach aims to address the shortcomings of existing methods. It reduces PV cell wear, resource loss, and safety risks, without the need for additional devices. A self-heating current is applied to the solar panel to melt the snow covering its surface, which is then allowed to slide off the panel due to gravity. The proposed system consists of a bidirectional DC-DC converter, which removes the snow cover by heating the solar PV modules using electricity from the grid or electric vehicle (EV) batteries. It also charges the EV battery pack and/or supplies the DC bus when no EV is plugged into the charging station. For each mode of operation, a current-controlled system was implemented using a PI controller and a model predictive controller (MPC). The MPC approach achieved a faster rise time, shorter settling time, very low current ripples, and high stability for the proposed system. Specifically, the settling time decreased from 9 ms and 155 ms when using the PI controller at 20 µs and 35 µs with the MPC controller for both the buck and boost modes, respectively.
CFD-Based Investigation of the Operation Process of Radial Labyrinth Machinery Under Different Geometrical Configurations
Authors: Szulc Przemyslaw , Skrzypacz Janusz
Published: December 2024

This study explores the performance and flow characteristics of radial labyrinth pumps (RLPs) under various geometrical configurations and operating conditions. Experimental investigations and numerical simulations were conducted to evaluate the impact of design parameters such as blade geometry, channel width and blade angle on pump hydraulic performance. The numerical model, developed using the realizable k-ε turbulence model, was validated with experimental data, achieving satisfactory convergence (4.8%—bladed active disc operating with a smooth passive disc and 3.0%—bladed active disc operating with a bladed passive disc). Analysis of the velocity profiles and vortex structures formed between the active and passive discs was performed. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing disc geometry to balance centrifugal effects and momentum exchange. The obtained head for the model with a bladed active disc operating with a smooth passive disc was H = 24.1 m, while, for the bladed active disc operating with a bladed passive disc, it was almost 1.7 times higher at H = 40.3 m. Additionally, the research identifies potential zones within the pump where energy transfer processes differ, providing insight into targeted design improvements. The findings provide valuable information on the optimization of RLP designs and their broader applicability.
Effect of the Heterogeneity of Coal on Its Seepage Anisotropy: A Micro Conceptual Model
Authors: Chen Xiuling , Cui Guanglei , Luo Jiaming , Wang Chunguang , Zhang Jian
Published: December 2024

Coal is a typical dual-porosity structural material. The injection of CO2 into coal seams has been shown to be an effective method for storing greenhouse gasses and extracting coal bed methane. In light of the theory of dual-porosity media, we investigate the impact of non-homogeneity on seepage anisotropy and examine the influence of CO2 gas injection on the anisotropy of coal and the permeability of fractures. The results demonstrate that under constant pressure conditions, coal rock has the greatest permeability variation in the direction of face cleats and the smallest changes in the direction of vertical bedding. The more pronounced the heterogeneity, the more evident the change in permeability and the less pronounced the decreasing stage of permeability. Additionally, the larger the diffusion coefficient is, the less pronounced the permeability change. The change in permeability is inversely proportional to the size of the adsorption constant and directly proportional to the size of the fracture. As the matrix block size increases, the permeability also increases, whereas the decrease in permeability becomes less pronounced. The findings of this study offer a theoretical basis for further research into methods for enhancing the CO2 sequestration rate.
Solid Oxide Electrolysis, Co-Electrolysis, and Methanation Fundamentals of Performance and History
Authors: Martsinchyk Katsiaryna , Martsinchyk Aliaksandr , Milewski Jaroslaw
Published: December 2024

This manuscript discusses the advancements and historical development of solid oxide electrolysis (SOE), co-electrolysis, and methanation technologies, addressing the performance fundamentals and system integration challenges in the context of the EU’s 2050 climate neutrality goals. SOE technologies, characterized by their high efficiencies and ability to operate at elevated temperatures, offer significant advantages in hydrogen production and power generation. Co-electrolysis of steam and carbon dioxide in SOEs provides a promising pathway for syngas production, leveraging carbon capture and utilization strategies to mitigate carbon emissions. Additionally, catalytic methanation processes described within facilitate the synthesis of methane from carbon oxides and hydrogen, which could be integral to renewable energy storage and grid-balancing solutions. Historical analysis provides insights into the evolution of these technologies from early experiments to modern applications, including their role in space programmes and potential for industrial scale-up. The current state of research and commercialization, highlighted through various system designs and operational enhancements, suggests that SOEs are crucial for sustainable energy transformations, underscoring the necessity for continued innovation and deployment in relevant sectors.
The Optimal Integration of Virtual Power Plants for the South African National Grid Based on an Energy Mix as per the Integrated Resource Plan 2019: A Review
Authors: Williams Melissa-Jade , Chang Choong-Koo
Published: December 2024

The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) 2019 outlines South Africa’s goal of achieving a diverse and sustainable energy mix. To achieve this, innovative methods must be found to integrate renewable energy sources while preserving grid stability. Virtual Power Plants (VPPs), which combine dispersed energy resources like solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, and battery storage into a single, intelligent system, are one such approach. This study provides a thorough analysis of the best way to integrate VPPs into South Africa’s national grid, highlighting the associated operational, regulatory, and technological challenges. In order to optimize VPP efficiency, this research looks at a number of key areas, such as enhanced renewable energy forecasting, energy management systems (EMSs), and distributed energy resource (DER) integration. Additionally, it examines how VPPs help demand-side management, reduce intermittency in renewable energy sources, and improve grid flexibility. In addition, this paper analyzes the market and regulatory structures required to permit VPP participation in energy markets and guarantee a smooth transition to a decentralized energy environment. This paper highlights the crucial role VPPs could play in reaching the nation’s renewable energy targets, lowering dependency on fossil fuels, and enhancing energy access. Through this review, this paper offers insights into the technological viability and strategic benefits of VPP implementation in South Africa. The findings highlight that for VPPs to successfully integrate into South Africa’s energy landscape, it will be necessary to overcome technological, regulatory, and market-related barriers.
Asymmetric Hairpin Winding Design for Losses Reduction with Thermal Analysis for an Electric Vehicle Case Study
Authors: Ismaeel Sara M. , Ibrahim Mohamed N. , Rashad Essam M. , Sergeant Peter
Published: December 2024

The asymmetric design of hairpin windings is known as a method for reducing AC losses in electric motors, especially at high frequencies. However, the design of the asymmetric winding is very critical to obtaining the best benefit regarding the efficiency and the thermal performance of the motor. Compared to the state-of-the-art in this paper, deep investigations are carried out to obtain the optimum design of the asymmetric hairpin windings while still employing a conventional manufacturing method. An analytical model is developed to speed up the investigation process, and the results of the analytical model are validated with a finite element method (FEM) model. The conclusions from the analytical investigation are considered in the design of an electric vehicle (EV) motor. The performance of the motor is studied for two different driving profiles to validate the rules of the asymmetric windings design and check the degree of dependency of the design of asymmetric windings on the application. It is proved that using asymmetric design reduces motor losses and improves thermal performance.
Is the Concentric Plot Design Reliable for Estimating Structural Parameters of Forest Stands?
Authors: Kománek Martin , Knott Robert , Kadavý Jan , Kneifl Michal
Published: December 2024

Monitoring forest stands using sampling techniques offers a valuable alternative to conventional forest condition assessment methods in Central Europe. While these designs are optimized for assessing production parameters, their effectiveness for structural characteristics remains unclear. This study evaluates various plot designs to determine their reliability in estimating structural diversity indices, including the Gini index, Artenprofile index, and Shannon index. We compared ten fixed-radius (FR) sampling designs (plot sizes: 50–1250 m2) and a concentric circle (CC) design (500 m2) employed at the Mendel University Forest Enterprise (Křtiny, Czech Republic). The CC design proved adequate for assessing production parameters and structural diversity indices like Artenprofile and Shannon. However, it showed significant limitations for the Gini index (p < 0.01), due to a smaller number of sampled trees. For the Gini index, fixed-radius plots of at least 150 m2, with 200 m2 being the most cost-effective size, provided the most reliable estimates. Interestingly, the CC design may also be less suitable for production parameters, where smaller fixed-radius plots (50 m2) were more effective, requiring fewer total samples despite the need for more plots.
Improving European Black Pine Stem Volume Prediction Using Machine Learning Models with Easily Accessible Field Measurements
Authors: Diamantopoulou Maria , Georgakis Aristeidis
Published: December 2024

Reliable prediction of tree stem volume is crucial for effective forest management and ecological assessment. Traditionally, regression models have been applied to estimate forest biometric variables, yet they often fall short when handling the complex, non-linear patterns typical of biological data, potentially introducing biases and errors. Tree stem volume, a critical metric in forest biometrics, is generally estimated through easily measured parameters such as diameter at breast height (d) and total tree height (h). This study investigates advanced machine learning (ML) techniques—Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), epsilon-Support Vector Regression (ε-SVR), and Random Forest regression (RFr)—to predict the stem volume of European black pine (Pinus nigra) on Mount Olympus, Greece, using basic field measurements. Machine learning (ML) approaches demonstrated substantial improvements in prediction accuracy compared to traditional non-linear regression-based models (RMs). Notably, XGBoost significantly enhanced predictive performance by reducing the Furnival index (FI) by as much as 42.3% (from 1.1859 to 0.1056) and 21.3% (from 0.1475 to 0.1161) in the test and fitting datasets, respectively, for the single-entry model. For the double-entry model, XGBoost achieved FI reductions of 40.5% (from 0.1136 to 0.0676) and 41.3% (from 0.1219 to 0.0715) in the test and fitting datasets, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of ML models to improve the accuracy of forest inventory predictions, thereby supporting more effective and data-driven forest management strategies.
The Wheel of Vegetation: A Spatial and Temporal Story of Vegetation Evolution in the Shennongjia Forest District
Authors: Wang Xueli , Du Xiaolong , Zhao Chunyan , Luo An , Chen Hui , Li Shaobin , Du Hewei
Published: December 2024

As one of the most well-preserved areas in the vertical band spectrum of vegetation in central China and even in the northern hemisphere at the same latitude, the vegetation in Shennongjia Forest District is vital to global ecological balance. In order to fully understand the vegetation change in the study area, remotely sensed data since 1990, combined with the Sen-MK test, Geo detector, and LandTrendr algorithm, were used to analyze the vegetation distribution characteristics and change trends. The results showed that: (1) the overall NDVI in the study area displayed an upward trend. (2) Vegetation disturbance occurred frequently before 2000 and decreased significantly after 2000. The most severely disturbed year was 1991 when the disturbed area amounted to 4.0851 km2, accounting for 16.76% of the total disturbed area. The analysis of the topographic environment reveals that most of the vegetation disturbances occur in areas with slopes of 15–25° and elevations of 1500–2000 m, which indicates that these areas have frequent human activity. (3) The explanatory power of different influences on vegetation changes varied, with altitude having the most significant effect and the superposition of two influences increasing the effect on vegetation change. Over the past 30 years, vegetation in the Shennongjia Forest District has shown a general trend of recovery, with natural forest protection initiatives playing a critical role in mitigating disturbance. This comprehensive study of vegetation changes in Shennongjia offers a valuable research paradigm for forest conservation and sustainable development in temperate forests at similar latitudes, providing significant insights into the protection and management of similar ecosystems.
Near-Real-Time Detection of Insect Outbreaks in Urban Trees Using a PlanetScope Time Series
Authors: Falanga Valentina , Francini Saverio , Parisi Francesco , Cavalli Alice , De Fioravante Paolo , Cucca Benedetta , D’Amico Giovanni , Chirici Gherardo , Lasserre Bruno , Ottaviano Marco , Munafò Michele , Marchetti Marco
Published: December 2024

A critical challenge for urban forests is the arrival of Toumeyella parvicornis (or pine tortoise scale) in Italy, as this species damages stone pine (Pinus pinea L.), an emblematic Mediterranean species. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of remote-sensing data for monitoring pest invasions in the urban area of Rome, using PlanetScope images with a 1-day revisit time and 3 m spatial resolution, making them ideal for detecting outbreaks in complex urban areas. First, we constructed a reference dataset, georeferencing 238 healthy trees in Tenuta San Rossore (Tuscany) and more than 2000 damaged trees in Rome’s green areas. In any case, this dataset of healthy trees—obtained from forest areas—was expected to exhibit higher photosynthetic activity compared to urban green areas. Second, more than 30,000 PlanetScope images were analyzed to test the effectiveness of the Renormalized Difference Vegetation Index in detecting this specific forest disturbance. Finally, different thresholds were examined, allowing for the identification of an optimal threshold to discriminate healthy trees from damaged trees. The index results showed a marked drop during the summer in the infested areas, compared to the healthy areas. The identified threshold provided 99% accuracy in detecting infested trees. The approach applied in this study demonstrated that PlanetScope imagery proved effective in detecting T. parvicornis, leading to promising results.
Digitization and Virtualization of Wood Products for Its Commercial Use
Authors: Odstrčil Ladislav , Valent Peter , Kaputa Vladislav , Fabrika Marek
Published: December 2024

Augmented reality (AR) offers several advantages in the commercialization of wood products, increasing both the efficiency and the attractiveness of the process of presenting and selling them. The digitization and virtualization of wood features/products for the purpose of their economic valorization represent a significant advance in technology and its application in traditional industries such as wood processing and trade. We present a concrete process of digitization and virtualization of wood features through AR for the purpose of its commercial valorization. Three methods of object scanning are tested: convergent photogrammetry, LiDAR scanning using an iPhone, and handheld scanners. Wood samples with different textures, shapes, and surface properties were used for the research, while each method was tested on a trio of models. The methods showed specific limitations: convergent photogrammetry is time-consuming and prone to human error, LiDAR iPhone scanning provides lower output quality and struggles with reflective surfaces, while handheld scanners are expensive and require additional tools for capturing color. Convergent photogrammetry was evaluated as the optimal and available method for the widest range of users. The 3D models were integrated into the Virtual Wood Market application, created in the Unreal Engine environment. The use of augmented reality in wood product commercialization offers significant benefits, including enhanced material efficiency, improved design and fabrication processes, better supply chain management, and increased customer engagement. These advantages can lead to more sustainable practices and higher customer satisfaction, ultimately driving the success of wood product commercialization.
Influence of Yeast Interactions on the Fermentation Process and Aroma Production in Synthetic Cocoa Pulp vs. Real Mucilage Media
Authors: Besançon Lydie , Lorn Da , Kouamé Christelle , Grabulos Joël , Lebrun Marc , Fontana Angélique , Schorr-Galindo Sabine , Boulanger Renaud , Strub Caroline , Colas de la Noue Alexandre
Published: December 2024

Cocoa fermentation plays a key role in defining chocolate’s flavor, with yeasts being central to this process. This study aimed to explore intraspecific genetic diversity of major indigenous yeasts (i.e., Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia kudriavzevii), and their potential interaction in the cocoa pulp environment. Their metabolic intraspecific diversity was characterized in synthetic cocoa pulp medium. Then, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia kudriavzevii, and other strains were introduced to each other to evaluate their potential negative interaction. Interesting strain associations were selected to further explore their interaction in synthetic cocoa pulp medium as well as real fresh cocoa pulp. From a fermentation campaign in Ivory Coast, a set of Saccharomyces (S.) cerevisiae and Pichia (P.) kudriavzevii strains were isolated from batches classified according to their chocolate quality (i.e., standard, intermediate, or premium chocolate). Less abundant species (i.e., Torulaspora franciscae, Kluyveromyces marxianus) were also isolated and tested for their potential negative interactions with S. cerevisiae and P. kudriavzevii. A set of strains were selected and cultured in single and in co-culture in a minimal cocoa pulp synthetic medium and in fresh cocoa pulp to highlight potential positive and/or negative interactions regarding fermentative aroma profile (i.e., higher alcohols, acetate esters, medium-chain fatty acids, and ethyl esters). The results highlighted the dominance of S. cerevisiae in fermentation kinetics and medium- to long-chain ester production, contrasted with P. kudriavzevii’s efficiency in short-chain ester synthesis. Intraspecific aroma profile variations can be pointed out. The co-cultures of P. kudriavzevii and S. cerevisiae strains isolated from the premium chocolate batch had a positive impact on the fermented pulp aroma profile. Negative interactions were observed with Torulaspora franciscae, which eliminated P. kudriavzevii’s aroma expression. Finally, the comparison of the data obtained for the minimal cocoa pulp synthetic medium compared to the cocoa pulp allowed us to draw conclusions about the use of synthetic media for studying cocoa fermentation. These findings emphasize the complex microbial interactions in cocoa fermentation that could shape future cocoa bean aroma.
Effect of Mussel Meal Feed Supplement on Growth, Health Status, Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)
Authors: Privileggio Luca , Grozić Kristina , Maurić Maljković Maja , Pavičić-Hamer Dijana , Janči Tibor , Relić Marko , Barić Renata , Hamer Bojan
Published: December 2024

To evaluate the effects of mussel meal, as a sustainable ingredient for fish feed, on the growth, health status, proximate composition, and fatty acid profile of gilthead seabream, mussel meal was included in commercial feed formulations. Sunflower oil (2%) was used as a binding agent. Four groups of gilthead seabream were fed either with control feed (commercial feed, commercial feed and sunflower oil) or mussel-meal-supplemented formulations (commercial feed, sunflower oil, and 2.5 or 5% mussel meal) for six weeks. In this experiment, a total of 180 specimens of gilthead seabream juveniles were included. The initial weight and length of the gilthead seabream specimens were, on average, 13.04 g and 9.57 cm, respectively. The average temperature of the seawater ranged between 25 and 26 °C during the experiment. The results of this study indicated a higher relative weight gain and a slightly lower feed conversion ratio in the control group fed with commercial feed, probably because of macronutrient imbalances introduced by the addition of mussel meal and sunflower oil. The groups fed with mussel-supplemented diets had a slightly lower crude protein content compared to the group fed with a commercial diet. The addition of sunflower oil and mussel meal decreased the saturated fatty acid content while increasing the monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid content compared to the control group. However, the high content of DHA and EPA in the mussel meal resulted in a proportional increase of these fatty acids in the muscle tissue of gilthead seabream, although the overall effect was not statistically significant. The findings of this study suggest that mussel meal is a promising source of protein and lipids for sustainable fish feed production, but under the experimental setup, mussel meal did not act as an attractant for increasing fish feed intake during the summer conditions.
Fractional Solitons in Optical Twin-Core Couplers with Kerr Law Nonlinearity and Local M-Derivative Using Modified Extended Mapping Method
Authors: Mshary Noorah , Ahmed Hamdy M. , Rabie Wafaa B.
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on optical twin-core couplers, which facilitate light transmission between two closely aligned optical fibers. These couplers operate based on the principle of coupling, allowing signals in one core to interact with those in the other. The Kerr effect, which describes how a material’s refractive index changes in response to the intensity of light, induces the nonlinear behavior essential for generating solitons—self-sustaining wave packets that preserve their shape and speed. In our research, we employ fractional derivatives to investigate how fractional-order variations influence wave propagation and soliton dynamics. By utilizing the modified extended mapping method (MEMM), we derive solitary wave solutions for the equations governing the behavior of optical twin-core couplers under Kerr nonlinearity. This methodology produces novel fractional traveling wave solutions, including dark, bright, singular, and combined bright–dark solitons, as well as hyperbolic, Jacobi elliptic function (JEF), periodic, and singular periodic solutions. To enhance understanding, we present physical interpretations through contour plots and include both 2D and 3D graphical representations of the results.
Genomic Analysis of Talaromyces verruculosus SJ9: An Efficient Tetracycline-, Enrofloxacin-, and Tylosin-Degrading Fungus
Authors: Fu Jing , Wu Xiaoqing , Zhang Chi , Tang Yuhan , Zhou Fangyuan , Zhang Xinjian , Fan Susu
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Many fungi related to Talaromyces verruculosus can degrade a wide range of pollutants and are widely distributed globally. T. verruculosus SJ9 was enriched from fresh strawberry inter-root soil to yield fungi capable of degrading tetracycline, enrofloxacin, and tylosin. Methods: T. verruculosus SJ9 genome was sequenced, assembled, and annotated in this study utilizing bioinformatics software, PacBio, and the Illumina NovaSeq PE150 technology. Results: The genome size is 40.6 Mb, the N50 scaffold size is 4,534,389 bp, and the predicted number of coding genes is 8171. The T. verruculosus TS63-9 genome has the highest resemblance to the T. verruculosus SJ9 genome, according to a comparative genomic analysis of seven species. In addition, we annotated many genes encoding antibiotic-degrading enzymes in T. verruculosus SJ9 through genomic databases, which also provided strong evidence for its ability to degrade antibiotics. Conclusions: Through the correlation analysis of the whole-genome data of T. verruculosus SJ9, we identified a number of genes capable of encoding antibiotic-degrading enzymes in its gene function annotation database. These antibiotic-related enzymes provide some evidence that T. verruculosus SJ9 can degrade fluoroquinolone antibiotics, tetracycline antibiotics, and macrolide antibiotics. In summary, the complete genome sequence of T. verruculosus SJ9 has now been published, and this resource constitutes a significant dataset that will inform forthcoming transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolic investigations of this fungal species. In addition, genomic studies of other filamentous fungi can utilize it as a reference. Thanks to the discoveries made in this study, the future application of this fungus in industrial production will be more rapid.
Complete Genome Assembly of Amycolatopsis bartoniae DSM 45807T Allows the Characterization of a Novel Glycopeptide Biosynthetic Gene Cluster
Authors: Stepanyshyn Anastasia , Rückert-Reed Christian , Busche Tobias , Yaruta Bohdan , Andreo-Vidal Andres , Marinelli Flavia , Kalinowski Jörn , Yushchuk Oleksandr
Published: December 2024

Background: Glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs) are a very successful class of clinically relevant antibacterials, used to treat severe infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens, e.g., multidrug resistant and methicillin-resistant staphylococci. The biosynthesis of GPAs is coded within large biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). In recent years, modern DNA sequencing technologies have allowed the identification and characterization of multiple novel GPA BGCs, leading to the discovery of novel compounds. Our previous research anticipated that the genome of Amycolatopsis bartoniae DSM 45807T carries a novel GPA BGC, although the genomic sequence quality available at that time did not allow us to characterize its organization properly. Objectives: To address this gap, in the current work we aimed to produce a complete genome assembly of A. bartoniae DSM 45807, and to identify and analyze the corresponding GPA BGC. Methods: Bioinformatic and microbiological methods were utilized in this research. Results: We de novo sequenced and completely assembled the genome of A. bartoniae DSM 45807, and fully characterized the BGC of interest, named aba. This BGC has an unusual gene organization and it contains four genes for sulfotransferases, which are considered to be rare in GPA BGCs. Our pathway prediction indicated that aba encodes the biosynthesis of a putatively novel GPA, although we were not able to detect any GPA production under different cultivation conditions, implying that aba pathway is inactive. Conclusions: Our results indicate aba as a promising source for new GPA tailoring enzymes.
Epigenetic Regulation and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: From MeCP2 to the TCF20/PHF14 Complex
Authors: Dominguez Gaea , Wu Yongji , Zhou Jian
Published: December 2024

Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) affect approximately 15% of children and adolescents worldwide. This group of disorders is often polygenic with varying risk factors, with many associated genes converging on shared molecular pathways, including chromatin regulation and transcriptional control. Understanding how NDD-associated chromatin regulators and protein complexes orchestrate these regulatory pathways is crucial for elucidating NDD pathogenesis and developing targeted therapeutic strategies. Recently, the TCF20/PHF14 chromatin complex was identified in the mammalian brain, expanding the list of chromatin regulatory remodelers implicated in NDDs. This complex—which includes MeCP2, RAI1, TCF20, PHF14, and HMG20A—plays a vital role in epigenetic and transcriptional regulation. Methods: We review and summarize current research and clinical reports pertaining to the different components of the MeCP2-interacting TCF20/PHF14 complex. We examine the NDDs associated with the TCF20/PHF14 complex, explore the molecular and neuronal functions of its components, and discuss emerging therapeutic strategies targeting this complex to mitigate symptoms, with broader applicability to other NDDs. Results: Mutations in the genes encoding the components of the MeCP2-interacting TCF20/PHF14 complex have been linked to various NDDs, underscoring its critical contribution to brain development and NDD pathogenesis. Conclusions: The MeCP2-interacting TCF20/PHF14 complex and its associated NDDs could serve as a model system to provide insight into the interplay between epigenetic regulation and NDD pathogenesis.
Exploring the Role of FICD, a New Potential Gene Involved in Borderline Intellectual Functioning, Psychological and Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Vinci Mirella , Greco Donatella , Figura Maria Grazia , Treccarichi Simone , Musumeci Antonino , Greco Vittoria , Pettinato Rossella , Gloria Angelo , Papa Carla , Saccone Salvatore , Federico Concetta , Calì Francesco
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: AMPylation is a post-translational modification involving the transfer of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to target proteins, serving as a critical regulatory mechanism in cellular functions. This study aimed to expand the phenotypic spectrum associated with mutations in the FICD gene, which encodes an adenyltransferase enzyme involved in both AMPylation and deAMPylation. Methods: A clinical evaluation was conducted on a patient presenting with a complex clinical profile. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify potential genetic variants contributing to the observed phenotype. Results: The patient exhibited borderline intellectual functioning (BIF), acanthosis, abdominal muscle hypotonia, anxiety, depression, obesity, and optic nerve subatrophy. WES revealed a de novo missense variant, c.1295C>T p.Ala432Val, in the FICD gene. This variant, classified as of uncertain significance, is located in the highly conserved region TLLFATTEY (aa 428–436), suggesting a potential impact on protein function. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of the FICD gene in diverse clinical manifestations and emphasize the need for further studies to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying these phenotypes. Continued research is essential to improve our understanding of FICD-related conditions.
COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on the Birth Weight of Children Born in a Brazilian Metropolis
Authors: Armani Beatriz Cardoso , Souza Rafaela Cristina Vieira e , Matozinhos Fernanda Penido , Santos Luana Caroline dos
Published: December 2024

Objective: To assess the birth weight of newborns whose mothers gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on data collected from medical records and through postnatal interviews to assess maternal and neonatal health outcomes (n = 470) during the pandemic. All participants were assisted in three Brazilian public hospitals in 2020. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess factors associated with birth weight. Results: Low and insufficient birth weight reached 9.8% and 25.7% prevalence, respectively. COVID-19 symptoms were reported by 8% of participants. Low birth weight was more often observed in premature children (OR: 70.9; 95% CI: 16.4–305.8) delivered by cesarean sections (OR: 7.70; 95% CI: 2.33–25.4). Insufficient weight was more frequent in premature children (OR: 5.59; 95% CI: 1.53–20.4) and children whose mothers did not exercise during pregnancy (OR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.38–5.89). Women presenting higher gestational weight gain had a lower chance of delivering babies with insufficient weight (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90–0.99). Conclusions: Inadequate birth weight was associated with prematurity, delivery type, lower gestational weight gain, and maternal physical inactivity during the pandemic. According to the results, it is necessary to have adequate prenatal care and promote a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy.
The Role of Smartphone Use in Sensory Processing: Differences Between Adolescents with ADHD and Typical Development
Authors: Fabio Rosa Angela , Suriano Rossella
Published: December 2024

The use of smartphones is widespread among adolescents and can affect various cognitive processes. However, the effects of smartphone use on sensory processing, particularly among individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), remain largely unknown. The present study investigated the relationship between smartphone use intensity and sensory processing in adolescents with typical development and those with ADHD. The sample included 184 adolescents aged 14 to 18 years (M = 16.56; SD = ±1.87), with 92 diagnosed with ADHD and 92 with typical development, matched for age, gender, and IQ. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire to measure smartphone use intensity, while sensory processing was assessed using the Adolescent Sensory Profile (ASP). The results revealed a significant association between the intensity of smartphone use and heightened sensory responses in adolescents with typical development. However, this relationship was not observed in participants with ADHD. These preliminary findings suggest that smartphone use may influence sensory processing differently depending on neurotypical development or the presence of ADHD, potentially contributing to the promotion or mitigation of sensory dysfunctions. Future studies are needed to further explore the mechanisms underlying these differences and to better understand the impact of digital technologies on sensory functioning.
Physical Therapist-Led Initiatives for the Prevention and Improvement of Chronic Pain Among Workers: A Case Study of Hosting Workshops Based on Survey Results in a Corporate Setting
Authors: Oka Yasumasa , Wachi Michio , Kida Noriyuki
Published: December 2024

Industrial physical therapy (IPT) interventions by physical therapists can enhance labor productivity. However, in Japan, there is a scarcity of case studies involving corporate visits, questionnaire-based data, and insights into corporate demands. Addressing this gap is vital for improving presenteeism related to chronic pain and increasing employees’ health literacy, thereby advancing corporate health management. This case study evaluates the effectiveness of a workshop aimed at preventing and reducing chronic pain among employees in the Development Department of Company A, an information technology (IT) firm. The research employed pre- and post-survey questionnaires, workshop interventions, and meetings with corporate management to assess the current state of musculoskeletal chronic pain and productivity losses and to verify the intervention’s effectiveness. Approximately 50 participants attended the workshop in person, while around 30 participated online, totaling 80 attendees. A total of 56 (51 men and 5 women) individuals responded to the pre-workshop questionnaire, and 28 responded to the post-workshop questionnaire. The age distribution of the 56 pre-survey respondents was as follows: 9 in their twenties, 13 in their thirties, 22 in their forties, and 12 aged 50 and older. Preliminary survey results showed that 55.4% of participants experienced chronic pain in at least one body part. The average presenteeism value was 82.8% (standard deviation = 16.8). It was also found that literacy regarding appropriate pain management strategies was low. An independent t-test comparing literacy scores based on the presence or absence of pain showed no significant differences (p = 0.34). Additionally, a one-way ANOVA conducted to examine differences across four age groups revealed no significant differences (F = 0.934, p = 0.431). Results from the post-workshop questionnaires indicated that more than 70% of the employees experienced an increase in understanding and satisfaction, with positive feedback on the improvement of knowledge about chronic pain mechanisms and posture. However, there were also requests for more interactive communication and a desire to learn more about specific care methods, suggesting the need to provide interventions tailored to appropriate stages of preventive medicine.
Regulatory Mechanism of Exogenous ABA on Gibberellin Signaling and Antioxidant Responses in Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. Under UV-B Stress
Authors: Yu Wang , Cao Kun , Xu Hongwei , Zhou Xiaofu
Published: December 2024

In the present work, we examined the effects of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) under ultraviolet B (UV-B) exposure on gibberellin (GA) production, signaling, and antioxidant-related genes in Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall (R. chrysanthum). Using transcriptomics, acetylated proteomics, and widely targeted metabolomics, the effects of UV-B stress on R. chrysanthum and the regulatory effects of exogenous ABA on it were revealed from multiple perspectives. The findings revealed that R. chrysanthum’s antioxidant enzyme genes were differentially expressed by UV-B radiation and were substantially enriched in the glutathione metabolic pathway. Exogenous ABA supplementation boosted plant resistance to UV-B damage and further enhanced the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes. Furthermore, under UV-B stress, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and L-ascorbate peroxidase were found to be the primary antioxidant enzymes controlled by exogenous ABA. In addition, gibberellin content was altered due to UV-B and exogenous ABA treatments, with greater effects on GA3 and GA53. The acetylation proteomics study’s outcomes disclosed that the three main oxidative enzymes’ acetylation modifications were dramatically changed during UV-B exposure, which may have an impact on the antioxidant enzymes’ functions and activities. The protective impact of exogenous ABA and gibberellin on R. chrysanthum’s photosynthetic system was further established by measuring the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence. This research offers a theoretical foundation for the development of breeding highly resistant plant varieties as well as fresh insights into how hormone levels and antioxidant systems are regulated by plants in response to UV-B damage.