bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Education in the New Normal: A Need for Alternative Strategies in Supporting Teaching and Learning in South African Schools in the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Olawumi Kayode Babatunde , Mavuso Mzuyanda Percival
Published: October 2022

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the educational system all over the world in many ways, including teaching and learning. Schools had to abandon face-to-face teaching and learning and adopt online teaching approaches. This means that teaching through mobile digital tools and blended approaches is to be enhanced post-COVID-19 era. This paper critically reviewed the literature on the strategies used to support teaching and learning in South African schools during the post-COVID-19 era amid the challenges experienced by the education system in South Africa. The literature review approach was adopted to gather literature on strategies to support teaching and learning in South African schools. Having considered teaching and learning in South African schools which is primarily based on face-to-face traditional pedagogical strategies before the outbreak of COVID-19 and the challenges experienced during the pandemic. The paper argues the need for educational planners to rethink how teaching and learning could be enhanced in the new normal. The digital learning, blended teaching, and eLearning/online learning approaches response of South Africa during the outbreak of the pandemic should be sustained. It emerged from the literature that although teachers and learners have embraced technology, there is no clear policy on how ICT should integrate with teaching, learning and assessment. Therefore, this study recommends that the Department of Basic Education develop an ICT integration policy providing a clear strategy that will accommodate both rural and urban schools. Furthermore, it is recommended that increased funding on education resources and the provision of continuous teacher professional development program be considered.

Keywords: New normal, Post-COVID-19, Blended teaching and learning, Online learning
Exploring Vocabulary Knowledge as a Strategy to Enhance English First Additional Language in the Post Covid -19 Era
Authors: Ngqeleni Siphokazi , Matiso Nomasomi Hilda
Published: October 2022

This paper investigated how vocabulary knowledge is an essential variable for academic achievement during the post-COVID-19 era in Grade 10 learners. Among many variables of poor performance in Grade 10 is inadequate vocabulary in First Additional Language. This paper is underpinned by Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory which advocates that language learning occurs through interaction with more knowledgeable others. The present study is quantitative, in which a vocabulary size test (VST) and a productive vocabulary test (PVLT) were administered to 84 conveniently selected participants. This paper revealed that learners have very limited vocabulary knowledge and this affects academic achievement. In addition, COVID- 19 worsened the situation since social interactions were limited, thereby impeding language development. The authors argue that in order for post-COVID-19 learners to cope in the academic world, strengthening vocabulary knowledge is key to equipping these learners with the required skills to cope with virtual learning. Some of the essential skills for learners to learn online include reading, writing, listening and speaking skills. These skills would assist learners in communicating their needs, discussing solutions and expressing themselves when the need arises. This paper recommends using explicit vocabulary instruction to improve learners’ academic achievement in the post-COVID-19 era. The Department of Basic Education should train teachers on how to design fun vocabulary activities online. For instance, quizzes, the Frayer model and other virtual word activities. Keywords: Academic achievement, Explicit vocabulary instruction, Rich language contexts, Post-COVID-19, Vocabulary knowledge
Yoğun Bakımda Ateşin Yönetilmesi
Authors: YILDIZ Emel
Published: October 2022

Ateş; yetişkin yoğun bakım ünitelerine (YBÜ) kabul edilen hastalarda en sık saptanan anormal belirtilerden biridir ve kritik hasta popülasyonlarında artan mortalite ile ilişkilidir. Yoğun bakım ünitesinde ateş, önemli tanı ve tedavi kararlarını etkilemektedir. Genellikle erken döneminde ortaya çıkar, sıklıkla enfektif değildir ve genellikle iyi huyludur. Yoğun bakım ünitesindeki ateş enfeksiyöz ve enföksiyöz olmayan nedenlerden kaynaklı olabilir. Tedavinin temel taşı, ateşin altında yatan nedeni tedavi etmektir. Klinisyenin yoğun bakımda kritik hasta takibinde uygun vücut ısısı ölçümüne, tanısal değerlendirmeye, kalıcı kateterlerin değiştirilmesine, ateş düşürücü ilaçların uygulanmasına ve antibiyotik tedavisine, değişikliğe dikkat edilerek ateşin tanımlanması ve tedavisine yönelik en iyi kanıta dayalı yaklaşımın literatür analizi yoluyla belirlenmesine ihtiyaç vardır.
One-off and Repeating Fast Radio Bursts: A Statistical Analysis
Authors: Chen Hao-Yan , Gu Wei-Min , Sun Mouyuan , Yi Tuan
Published: October 2022

According to the number of detected bursts, fast radio bursts (FRBs) can be classified into two categories, i.e., one-off FRBs and repeating ones. We make a statistical comparison of these two categories based on the first FRB catalog of the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst Project. Using the Anderson–Darling, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, and Energy statistic tests, we find significant statistical differences (p-value < 0.001) in the burst properties between the one-off FRBs and the repeating ones. More specifically, after controlling for distance, we find that the peak luminosities of one-off FRBs are, on average, higher than the repeating ones; the pulse temporal widths of repeating FRBs are, on average, longer than the one-off ones. The differences indicate that these two categories could have distinct physical origins. Moreover, we discuss the subpopulations of FRBs and provide statistical evidence to support the existence of subpopulations in one-off FRBs and in repeating ones.
Evaluation of risk factors and diseases associated with metabolic and atherosclerotic disorders in different abdominal fat distribution patterns assessed by CT-scan
Authors: Ehsanbakhsh Alireza , Abadi Javad Mohamadi Taze , Khorashadizadeh Nasrin , Darabi Azadeh
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Obesity is defined as an increase in body fat composition.

Aim: The purpose of our study was to evaluate metabolic risk factors and diseases in different patterns of abdominal fat distribution.

Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Among patients aged 15 to 65 years who have had no significant weight loss in the past year and were referred to the Radiology Department to perform an abdominal CT-scan, the visceral and subcutaneous fat area (VFA and SFA) with Hounsfield units -30 to -190 (±2 SD) was calculated at the umbilical level. Based on the VFA and SFA, patients were stratified into four groups, group 1: V(+)S(+); group 2: V(+)S(-); group 3: V(−)S(+); group 4: V(−)S(−). The following parameters were assessed in the groups: anthropometric parameters including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist to hip ratio (WH); laboratory parameters, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipids profile (TG, LDH, LDL, and total cholesterol), creatinine, and liver enzymes (AST, ALT). Additionally, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value of study variables were assessed in predicting group 1.

Results: The study included 180 individuals (mean age 50±14 years, range 15-65 years). Group 1 was the most, and group 2 was the least prevalent pattern of abdominal fat distribution. Most females (75%) had high percentage of subcutaneous fat tissue. There was a significant association between the abdominal fat distribution pattern and BMI, WC, WHtR, TG, LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, FBG, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Most of the metabolic factors, including BMI, WC, lipid profile, and FBG, as well as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and impaired glucose tolerance, were highly correlated with group 1. However, most of the individuals in group 1 were normal according to the factors mentioned above. Therefore, there is a gap between the main definition of obesity (increasing body fat mass) and parameters that calculated obesity and metabolic disorders.
Leioproctus zephyr Prendergast (Hymenoptera, Colletidae, Leioproctus), an oligoletic new bee species with a distinctive clypeus
Authors: Prendergast Kit S.
Published: October 2022

A new speciesLeioproctus zephyr(Hymenoptera: Colletidae) is described from both sexes.Leioproctus zephyrsp. nov.is remarkable in featuring a large longitudinal ridge on the clypeus. This diagnostic morphological feature present in both sexes, along with various other distinctive characters including the male genitalia, female hind-tibial spur, and glossa morphology, clearly distinguish this species from all otherLeioproctus. Along with these unique traits,L. zephyrcannot be classified into any of the existing subgenera ofLeioproctus, sharing some, but not all, of the characters of the subgeneraCeratocolletes,Charicolletes,ProtomorphaandOdontocolletes. DNA barcoding with the CO1 gene confirmed the sexes belonged to the same species and it did not match any previously barcoded species. This species is restricted to native vegetation remnants in the southwest Western Australian biodiversity hotspot, and is highly specialised, foraging only on a few species in the genusJacksonia(Fabaceae). The unusual clypeus may be an adaptation for foraging on the keeled papilionaceous flowers. The limited number of sites this species has been collected from and its oligolectic diet suggestL. zephyrshould be considered to be a species of conservation concern. Further taxonomic research is required to determine the phylogenetic position of this unusualLeioproctus.
A new cryptic species of land snail from the Northern Territory, Australia (Stylommatophora, Camaenidae, Parglogenia)
Authors: Köhler Frank , Shea Michael
Published: October 2022

Parglogenia cobourgensissp. nov., a new species of camaenid land snail is described from Cobourg Peninsula, Top End of the Northern Territory in Australia. This new species has a shell that is identical to the type species of the genus, Parglogenia pelodes, which also occurs in the Top End. However, both species clearly differ in their reproductive anatomy and are also well-differentiated in terms of mitochondrial phylogenetics. A single specimen of a Parglogenia species from Croker Island, West Arnhem Land, is hypothesized to represent a third species based on details of its reproductive anatomy. However, only a single historical specimen was available for study. We therefore refrain from formally naming this species because of the incomplete information at hand. Helix subgranosa Le Guillou, 1842, a nominal species previously placed in Parglogenia, is synonymized with Xanthomelon durvillii (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841).
Analytical and numerical investigation of the Hindmarsh-Rose model neuronal activity
Authors: Atangana Abdon , Koca Ilknur
Published: October 2022

In this work, a set of nonlinear equations capable of describing the transit of the membrane potential's spiking-bursting process which is shown in experiments with a single neuron was taken into consideration. It is well known that this system, which is built on dynamical dimensionless variables, can reproduce chaos. We arrived at the chaotic number after first deriving the equilibrium point. We added different nonlocal operators to the classical model's foundation. We gave some helpful existence and uniqueness requirements for each scenario using well-known theorems like Lipchitz and linear growth. Before using the numerical solution on the model, we analyzed a general Cauchy issue for several situations, solved it numerically and then demonstrated the numerical solution's convergence. The results of numerical simulations are given.
Optimal Task Processing and Energy Consumption Using Intelligent Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing
Authors: Maftah Sara , El Ghmary Mohamed , El Bouabidi Hamid , Amnai Mohamed , Ouacha Ali
Published: October 2022

The appearance of Edge Computing with the possibility to bring powerful computation servers near the mobile device is a major stepping stone towards better user experience and resource consumption optimization. Due to the Internet of Things invasion that led to the constant demand for communication and computation resources, many issues were imposed in order to deliver a seamless service within an optimized cost of time and energy, since most of the applications nowadays require real response time and rely on a limited battery resource. Therefore, Mobile Edge Computing is the new reliable paradigm in terms of communication and computation consumption by the mobile devices. Mobile Edge Computing rely on computation offloading to surpass cloud-based technologies issues and break the limitations of mobile devices such as computing, storage and battery resources. However, computation offloading is not always the optimal choice to adopt, which makes the offloading decision a crucial part in which many parameters should be taken in consideration such as delegating the heavy tasks to the appropriate machine within the network by migrating the high-resource node to an edge server and lend these capabilities to the low-resources one. In this paper, we use an Edge Computing simulator to see how network delay can impact the delivery of a certain result, we also experiment computation offloading using a two-tier with Edge Orchestration architecture, which turns out to be efficient in terms of processing time.
Simple Lightweight Cryptographic Algorithm to Secure Imbedded IoT Devices
Authors: Imad Mhaibes Hakeem , Hattim Abood May , Farhan Alaa
Published: October 2022

The internet of things (IoT) revolution has been sparked by the exponential increase in connected devices caused by recent advances in wireless technology. These embedded devices gather, analyze, and send vast data via the network. Data transmission security is a primary problem in IoT networks. Several lightweight encryption/decryption algorithms have been developed for such resource-constraint devices. One of most effective and fast lightweight encryption algorithms for IoT applications is the Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA). TEA has few lines source of codes to implement and based on Feistel structure to provide cryptographic primitive confusion and diffusion features in order to hide statistical aspects of plaintext. However, it is vulnerable to assaults using equivalent and related key attacks. This study suggested modifying TEA by employing a new proposed generating keys function using two Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) as a combination to address the security flaw caused by utilizing different keys for each round function. The key sensitivity, Avalanche effect, and a completeness test were used to evaluate its security performance. The key sensitivity of the proposed modified TEA outperforms original TEA by 50.18 % to 44.88 %. The modified TEA avalanche effect outperforms TEA by 52.57 % to 47.69 %, and its completeness test outperforms TEA by 51.75 % to 48.36 %. Experimental results indicates that, the encryption performance of proposed modified TEA is better than original TEA.
Technology Transformation Through Skilled Teachers in Teaching Accountancy
Authors: Babu C. V. Suresh , R. Padma
Published: October 2022

The advancement in science and technology and their application have yielded rich dividends in almost all matters related to the organization and management of the process and products of education. Educational technology is a fast-growing science committed to converting raw-hand teachers into really effective and efficient ones by equipping them with practical teaching skills and qualities of creative teaching. The increasing number of students failing at their first attempt to take the fundamental accounting course exam is pushing many representatives of academia to search for some new and innovative methods in teaching accounting, to look for and implement some “good” practices to meliorate students' learning capabilities. Teachers can no longer rely only on traditional teaching methods and expect accounting students, particularly those with no work experience, to stay engaged and involved. By combining traditional teaching methods with student-centric ones, an accounting lecture can be engaging and exciting.
Play and Cultural Relevance
Authors: Clapsaddle Jeanine , Clark Holly
Published: October 2022

Research supports the essential nature of play as directly impactful of children's overall development and wellbeing. However, the meaning of play, play materials, and access to play are not uniform across cultures or communities. Biopsychosocial factors such as development, health, mental health, trauma, racism, gender, gender identity, family structure, socioeconomics, geography, and religion influence how and why children play within their daily lives. Children in healthcare settings can face additional obstacles to play engagement thereby minimizing the therapeutic and healing impact of play. This chapter seeks to highlight the need for healthcare providers, particularly play specialists, to improve their understanding of biopsychosocial factors to promote more thorough assessments of patient coping, facilitate beneficial play engagements, and address areas of intrinsic bias in pursuit of optimal outcomes and well-being for children in healthcare settings whether hospitals, community clinics, hospice, or residential care.
The Role of Play in Promoting Resilience
Authors: Bortolotti Elena
Published: October 2022

In this chapter, the author addresses the issue of play, questioning the role it plays in the life and development of the child and if it can be a promoter of well-being and resilience when children are faced with adverse situations. Play in its various forms of expression is not just a pastime or a waste of time; it is a vital element of childhood that fosters development and should be promoted in all circumstances, even where living conditions are particularly difficult and hostile. It is therefore legitimate to ask oneself about the importance of promoting play and recreational activities in hospitals, that is, in those places that by their very function manage illness and the suffering it entails. Helping young people cope with the hardships brought about by a stay in hospital means drawing attention to the fact that whatever the outcome, before being a patient, a child is always a child, where their right to well-being is seen as not only the “absence of disease or infirmity” but as “a state of total physical, mental, and social well-being.”
Play-Based Approach in Pediatric Oncology
Authors: Perasso Giulia , Scaburri Elisa , Bignone Lisa
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbates the difficulties of psychology support in the domain of pediatric oncology, given the risks of infecting children who present a defect in their immune response. Adopting the right precautionary measures, the play-based intervention can be a powerful tool for the child, affected by oncological and onco-hematological pathologies, to understand the medical environment and counteract isolation through socialization and distraction. The present study explores quantitatively and qualitatively the experience of six psychologists that conducted play-based interventions to support children with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Descriptive data about the stress levels and emotional states experienced by the psychologists will be presented. Psychologists' focus group outcomes are also discussed in the form of three thematic categories: (1) fear of infecting patients, (2) adultization of children related to precautionary behaviors, and (3) parental defense mechanisms.
On Analyzing Complex Data Within Clinical Decision Support Systems
Authors: Kalina Jan
Published: October 2022

Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) represent digital health tools applicable to important tasks within the clinical decision-making process. Training data-driven CDSSs requires extracting medical knowledge from the available information by means of machine learning. The analysis of the complex (possibly big or high-dimensional) training data allows knowledge relevant to be obtained for clinical decisions related to the diagnosis, therapy, or prognosis. This chapter is devoted to training CDSSs by machine learning based on complex data. Remarkable recent examples of CDSSs including those based on deep learning are recalled here. Principles, challenges, or ethical aspects of machine learning are discussed here in the context of CDSSs. Attention is paid to dimensionality reduction, deep learning methods for big data, or explainability of the data analysis methods. Data analysis issues are discussed also for two particular CDSSs on which the author of this chapter participated.
Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Connolly Thomas M. , Soflano Mario , Papadopoulos Petros
Published: October 2022

Machine learning (ML) applications hold significant promise for innovation within healthcare; however, their full potential has not yet been realised, with limited reports of their clinical and cost benefits in clinical practice. This is due to complex clinical, ethical, and legal questions arising from the lack of understanding about how some ML models operate and come to make decisions. eXplainable AI (XAI) is an approach to help address this problem and make ML models understandable. This chapter reports on a systematic literature review investigating the use of XAI in healthcare within the last six years. Three research questions identified as issues in the literature were examined around how bias was dealt with, which XAI techniques were used, and how the applications were evaluated. Findings show that other than class imbalance and missing values, no other types of bias were accounted for in the shortlisted papers. There were no evaluations of the explainability outputs with clinicians and none of the shortlisted papers used an interventional study or RCT.
Development of Facial Recognition in Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Wibowo Hardianto , Soflano Mario , Suharso Wildan
Published: October 2022

This chapter discusses the current state of the art of facial recognition technology for clinical decision support through a systematic literature review that identifies the medical areas where it is used, the source of facial datasets used, the machine learning approach and algorithms used, and how it has been the evaluated. Findings show that the technology has been used in diagnosing genetic disorders, mental illness, and depression, and to train the algorithms, the studies identified used either publicly available datasets, published datasets from the literature, or they collected their own data. However, the majority of papers did not explicitly explain how these datasets were obtained. The finding also shows CNN is currently the most used ML algorithm for facial recognition while appearance-based is the most common approach. The evaluations in the shortlisted papers generally focus on the accuracy of the facial recognition capabilities, and the empirical evidence shows the advantage of the technology in supporting clinicians to diagnose symptoms through facial expressions.
Human Trafficking
Authors: Boles Jessika C. , Miyamasu Cheryl Murray
Published: October 2022

More than 800,000 children and women are victims of human trafficking each year; they are kidnapped or sold into sex work under the guise of occupational opportunities or the promise of a romantic relationship. The developmental and psychosocial impacts of being trafficked are overwhelmingly challenging for both women and children; thus, there is international need for trauma-informed psychosocial supports that can validate victims' experiences while enhancing coping skills and resilience. Therefore, this chapter will describe the work of a certified child life specialist within a nonprofit aftercare organization in India dedicated to the physical, psychological, and educational support of women who have experienced trafficking. As can be seen, the foundational knowledge, skills, and interventions of a certified child life specialist, when paired with cultural humility and deeply grounded in trauma-informed care, can foster safe and therapeutic relationships while teaching and modeling the lifelong coping skills that are instrumental for ongoing healing.
Implications of 5G Technology in Marketing
Authors: Rosário Albérico Travassos
Published: October 2022

This new competitive environment has generated numerous technological advances that also reflect the change in mobile technology in consumer behavior. 5G envisions being a disruptive technology that enables change and new services, enabling the expansion of connectivity and speed to never-before-seen levels, powered video streaming, IoT services, making cities smarter, automating the flow between people and objects, and creating new omnichannel ecosystems. Thus, it is a very promising marketing tool. Research on the subject is scarce, and this study intends to carry out a systematic review of bibliometric literature (LRSB) of scientific and/or academic documents indexed in Scopus, with the keywords “5G” and “Marketing” with the aim of deepen knowledge and understand the practical implications, as well as lines of future research.
The Potential of 5G Technology Applied to Tourism Marketing
Authors: Santos José Duarte , Rodrigues Luísa , Lourenço Justino Marco
Published: October 2022

5G technology is beginning to be implemented, providing some pilot initiatives and significant development, deserving in the tourism area increased attention from tourism entities that may leverage its potential. In this chapter, the authors first consider the technological advances of 5G, presenting some aspects that tend to be leveraged, namely augmented reality and virtual reality. Next, we explain in general terms the contributions that 5G technology can make to tourism and we present in more detail its performance in the area of transportation, accommodation, events, and cultural tourism. The authors also identify and describe some cases, which may appear as pilot experiences, but which are already successful manifestations of 5G technology and representations of its potential. Thus, the main objectives of this document, through an accessible text, are: (i) to raise the awareness of tourism managers, with theoretical concepts and practical examples, for the need to develop 5G initiatives; (ii) to provide academia with further support for possible empirical research.
Customer Engagement of Gamification
Authors: Bical Adil
Published: October 2022

In digital age, a large audience of players has emerged. This creates a game-related shift in the cognitive and social aspects of the target audience of brands. Consumers are more interested in gaming and therefore more readily engage in game-related applications. Customer engagement is therefore an important approach to forging a strong relationship with customers as traditional marketing methods begin to lose power. This chapter seeks to explain how customer engagement occurs in gamification through a proposed model. It was explained on the theoretical basis that users engage in both game experience and marketing purposes. Game elements increase engagement as they offer customers an enjoyable experience, and the utilitarian features of gamification strengthen their engagement in the process as they lead customers to functional goals through the gaming experience.
Cyber Security in the FinTech Industry
Authors: Pachare Smita Mahesh , Bangal Sunita
Published: October 2022

In this chapter, the authors aimed to investigate cyber security, information security, and privacy in the context of the fintech ecosystem in India with real-time cases and examples. In the chapter, basic framework for cyber security is discussed along with an iterative process with actions under consideration. This chapter is aimed at providing a brief overview of cyber security in the fintech ecosystem. The nature of cyberattacks faced by organizations on digital payments channels with real-time examples include cybersecurity risk – reality check, traditional threats versus latest threats, cyber forensic and monitoring technologies. The chapter will also be focused on Cyber Swachhta Kendra' (CSK), maintaining cyber hygiene in digital payment transactions, and innovative ways to security and privacy in digital payments. Preventive measures in digital payment to avoid fraud are given.
Cyber Security in Smart Grids
Authors: Adari G. V. Chiranjeevi , Manyala Ramalinga Raju
Published: October 2022

Smart grid is based on the usage of digital devices and two-way communication between supply and utility. Even though it offers so many advantages as compared to the traditional grid, the major challenge it needs to face is cyber security. As with the advancements in IoT and related infrastructure, smart grid is more vulnerable to attacks. In order to develop the counter measures against security threats, there is a necessity to review different attacks the smart grid can be subjected to. National Instituter of Standards and Technology has identified the major cyber security R&D challenges as 1) device level security, 2) cryptographic and key management, 3) networking issues related security, and 4) system level security. In this chapter, the different issues and challenges to the R&D of cyber security as identified by European Network and Information Security Agency and National Instituter of Standards and Technology are presented. Later, the chapter also presents different digital devices and communication protocols to counteract the cyber-attacks for the smart grid.
Mounting Cases of Cyber-Attacks and Digital Payment
Authors: Verma Suhasini , Sharma Jeevesh , Kaushik Keshav , Vyas Vidhisha
Published: October 2022

Digital transformation in financial transactions has changed the method of payment. We have witnessed a many-fold and rapid increase in the digital payment. As more individuals opt for digital payments, the potential of being exposed to cyber-attacks such as online fraud, theft of identity, and spyware or virus attacks is rising. Transaction on digital mode has led to an increase in internet-based crimes known by the term ‘cybercrime'. Cybercrime is an illegal act practiced by hackers on web applications, web browsers, and websites. Secured payment is critical for any company that deals with electronic payments and transactions. One of the most vital issues confronting players in the digital payment ecosystem is cyber security. The growth of such cyber-attacks can be attributed to various reasons, including a lack of knowledge and a poor digital payment infrastructure. To safeguard against threats of cybercrime, there are various cyber security techniques. This chapter deals in understanding the causes, threats, and solutions to cyber-attacks in digital payment methods.
Exploring Students' Perceptions in Hybrid Vocational English Task-Based Language Teaching in Indonesia Higher Education
Authors: Hastowohadi Hastowohadi , Hapsari Eky Kusuma
Published: October 2022

The transition from online to hybrid instruction has been implemented in recent years in response to vocational institution policy in the higher education context of Indonesia in order to implement student engagement in the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak. To address this issue, the authors sought to develop vocational English materials that incorporated hybrid instruction into a task-based approach that encourages independent student learning. The authors investigated and analyzed the responses of students learning vocational English to support our teaching and learning quality as a result of the implementation of the hybrid system. With an emphasis on vocational English tasks, it is hoped that this study will make a practical contribution to the teaching practice in Indonesian higher education during the transition from online to hybrid instructions.
Affordability and State Support for Higher Education
Authors: McNeal Ramona Sue , Dotterweich Bryan Lisa , Schmeida Mary
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has helped to accelerate an already declining rate in college enrollment in the U.S. tuition, and college fees have continued to outpace inflation, pricing some students out of higher education. State appropriations can help offset the cost of college, but state support varies significantly. While some states have been creative in promoting college affordability by adoption programs including bans on scholarship displacement and promise programs, others have reduced funding. Why has the state-level response differed so significantly? In exploring this question, this chapter examines the influence of state-level factors on state appropriations for higher education for the years 2010 through 2020. Pooled cross-sectional time series data that controls for variation between states and over time is used.
Online Education and Student Satisfaction
Authors: Tuzcu Muteber
Published: October 2022

The phenomenon of online education cannot be accepted as new, but the immediate change from an in-class environment to an online environment is new because of COVID-19 restrictions. The aim of the study is whether students are satisfied with online education during the COVID-19 period to determine the factors that affect students' satisfaction with online education during the period and to find service quality gaps and students' satisfaction based on the gap model. As higher education institutions try to cope with a competitive advantage and maintain service quality, feedback from students is valuable to increase the effectiveness of educational plans and implement future intentions. Students are aware that unusual circumstances bring both advantages and disadvantages. Not being present in the class environment is counted as both a positive and negative thing by students. Overall, students feel satisfied with online education during the lockdown period.
Infographics for Information Conveyance
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: October 2022

To help the world emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic, an older tool has come back to the fore: analog and digital informational graphics. Infographics (information + graphics) have been used for many decades to convey data, knowledge, information, and learning. In the latest phase, there are now motion (animated) and interactive and immersive infographics that offer richer ways. This work explores the basic mechanisms of information conveyance in infographics from early days through the contemporaneous moment with the richer. Finally, a summary graphic captures the general sequence in the design, development, and deployment of modern motion, interactive, and/or immersive infographics.
Using Motion Infographics to Teach Computer Programming Concepts
Authors: Syropoulos Apostolos
Published: October 2022

Although programming languages are expressive tools, their expressive power is quite limited. A direct consequence of this is that novice users have difficulty grasping the basic programming constructs mainly because there is a discrepancy between natural languages and programming languages (e.g., How do we express common human tasks in Python?). A relatively easy way to tackle this discrepancy is to use motion infographics. However, when pupils and students are familiar with abstraction, a basic idea of computational thinking, then one can use motion infographics that show familiar objects and/or ideas that should be used to teach the corresponding programming constructs. The author has used this approach to create motion infographics that explain conditional and repetitive constructs. However, this does not really work with recursion as one has to resort to the use of trees to explain this programming concept. All the motion infographics presented here have been produced with XeLaTeX, an open source tool that can be used to produce excellent printed/electronic documents.
Shear Thickening Fluids, Nano-Polymer Materials and their Application Methods for Textile Substrates
Authors: Ramaiah Gurumurthy , Asfaw Dani , Mekonnen Seblework , Tesfay Welamu , Solomon Eshetu
Published: October 2022

Shear Thickening Fluid (STF) is a highly preferred phase change material that helps in absorbing high impact shock waves and provides excellent protective properties when used along with Kevlar fabric. nanomaterials also offer superior functionality helping in creating many useful, smart and innovative textile fabrics. This research work aims to analyze the synthesis steps, properties and application methods of nanomaterials made from different chemical synthesis methods. The effect of many technical factors and process control parameters is also laid out and found to be important contributors for creating unique fabric property. This analysis provides a guideline to effectively and efficiently use the nanomaterials in the right way and apply the functional nanomaterials using suitable technology for coating which can enrich the functional property of the substrate.
Antimicrobial Biodegradable Polymeric Materials for Food Packaging Applications: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Achutha S. , Johnson Elizabath , Kumari Nisha S. , Sivakumar Sarika
Published: October 2022

The production and consumption of non-biodegradable, petroleum-based plastics had an enormous increase in the past few years. Majority of these are used for food packaging. Biodegradable plastics receive much more attraction because they undergo complete degradation without forming any toxic compounds. Nowadays spoilage of food is the main concern faced by food industry. As microbial activity on food surface is the main reason for food spoilage, the integration of antimicrobial agents in biodegradable polymers or the use of biopolymers with inherent antimicrobial property could improve its shelf life. Current review summarizes major findings in the field of antimicrobial polymers, polymer/antimicrobial inorganic composites and polymer/essential oil blends for food packaging applications. India is home to large number of plants having antimicrobial properties. This review also highlights different methods for synthesis of efficient antimicrobial polymer films from these plants in a cost-effective way.
The Influence of Water Foaming and Ageing on the Properties of Bitumen 50/70
Authors: Iwański Mateusz M. , Nemchinov Mikhail Vasilevich
Published: October 2022

Water-foaming of bitumen produces a binder that allows half-warm mixture manufacturing and incorporation in upper pavement layers at 100°C to 130°C. During the foaming process, cold water and air are injected into hot bitumen at 160-170°C. As a result, the bitumen is exposed to the action of oxygen and hydrogen. The influence of the foaming process on bitumen 50/70 and SAA modified bitumen 50/70 at 0.6% was evaluated based on the binder pre- and post-foaming properties and the ageing effect. For this purpose, the basic foaming parameters, i.e., expansion ratio and half-life, were determined, along with the penetration at 25°C, softening temperature, Fraass breaking point, and dynamic viscosity at 60°C (maximum in-service temperature), 90°C (compaction temperature) and 135°C (the temperature at the start of traditional asphalt mixture incorporation). The fracture creep stiffness was determined using the Bending Beam Rheometer. Analysis of the results showed that the process of bitumen foaming with water significantly affected the basic and low-temperature properties of the bitumen. It was also found that, compared to the non-foamed binder, foaming slowed the rate of binder ageing.
Analysis of Mass Concentration and Morphology of Fume Particles during ECDM of CFRP Composites
Authors: Yadav Santosh Kumar , Singh Abhishek , Debnath Kishore
Published: October 2022

Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) is a hybrid method used to generate micro-features in hard and brittle materials (glass, ceramics, and composites) in aerospace, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and microfluidic applications. A significant improvement was observed in ECDM process but the effect of the process on the health of working operator are rarely investigated. Sustainability in manufacturing is a major concern for a better environment and safety of human operators. In this paper, analysis of fumes mass concentration (FMC), size and morphology of fume particles, and composition of fume particles along with their biological effects are studied during ECDM of CFRP composites. FMC was calculated by varying the concentration of electrolyte from 20 to 50% and duty cycle from 60 to 90% for a fixed sampling duration of 30 minutes. SEM images indicated the presence of spherical, irregular, and loosely packed fumes particles in the fumes generated during machining. EDS was also performed to study the chemical composition of fumes particles.
Biodiesel Synthesis from Coconut Oil Using Calcined Scallop Shell Waste as the Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Hidayat Arif , Nadifah Syachbana Sakariel , Lidya Afifa Tambunan
Published: October 2022

Several efforts have been performed to make the biodiesel price more competitive with fossil fuels, such as using low price raw materials, including coconut oil and the use of heterogenous catalyst. In this research, the Calcined Scallop Shell was applied as a heterogeneous catalyst for synthesizing biodiesel from coconut oil. The catalyst was obtained from calcination of scallop shell waste. The catalytic activities of Calcined Scallop Shell catalyst during transesterification reaction was influenced by several reaction conditions including methanol to oil mole ratio, reaction temperature, and concentration of catalyst. The biodiesel yield of 91.7% was obtained at a methanol to coconut oil mass ratio of 12:1, 60 °C reaction temperature, and catalyst concentration of 10% wt. of oil.
Electrical Response of Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3-BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 Solid Solution
Authors: Chandra Kumar P. , Singh Janki N. , Kulkarni Ajit R. , Choudhary R.N.P. , Prasad Kamal
Published: October 2022

The structure, microstructure, Fourier transformed infrared spectra, dielectric, and impact generated energy harvesting characteristics of x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3–(1-x)Ba (Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3; x = 0, 0.5, and 1.0 synthesized using solid-state reaction method are discussed in this work. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) process was used to examine the forming of a single-phase compound. The Rietveld refinements of XRD data were used in FullProf software to determine crystal symmetry, lattice parameters, and space groups. A scanning electron microscope was taken into use to examine the surface morphology of all of the samples. The samples' phase transition temperature was observed to lie between-10°C and 87°C, shifting toward the higher temperature side as x increased. In the case of x = 0.5, two-phase transitions were discovered at 22°C and 70°C. The value of impact generated output voltage and electrical energy increases as applied mechanical energy increases. The findings of this study point to the possibility of using 0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3–0.5Ba (Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 ceramic for energy harvesting and sensing purposes.
Application of Friction Stir Spot Welding on Additive Manufactured Carbon Fiber Composite
Authors: Raza Muhammad Farhan , Yapici Guney Guven
Published: October 2022

Friction stir spot welding as a solid state processing technique is used to join dissimilar and similar metals, composites and polymers. This study illustrates the implementation of friction stir spot welding (FSSW) on additive manufactured nylon-based composites with chopped carbon fibre reinforcements. The purpose of this study is to employ FSSW technique for joining additive manufactured carbon fibre composites. The utilization of pinless tool serves a crucial function in the formation of sound welded joints. The joining process consists of two mechanisms: the piercing and melting of the sheets and the adhesive bonding during the re-solidification. As a result of the FSSW process, the joints indicate a decent mechanical performance with a lap shear failure force (LSFF) of about 250N.
THE GROWING ROLE OF THE BH3 MIMETIC DRUG VENETOCLAX IN THE THERAPY OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
Authors: Pelosi Elvira , Castelli Germana , Testa Ugo
Published: October 2022

In spite recent progresses, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a disease associated with poor prognosis, particularly in older AML patients unfit to tolerate intensive chemotherapy treatment. The development and introduction in therapy of the drug Venetoclax, a potent BH3 mimetic targeting the antiaopoptotic protein BCL-2, inducing apoptosis of leukemic cells, has shown to be a promising treatment for newly diagnosed, relapsed and refractory AML patients ineligible for induction chemotherapy. Combination treatments using Ventoclax and a hypomethylating agent (azacytidine or decitabine) or low-intensity chemotherapy have shown in newly diagnosed patients variable response rates, with highly responsive patients with NPM1, IDH1-IDH2, TET2 and RUNX1 mutations and with scarcely responsive patients with FLT3, TP53 and ASXL1 mutations, complex karyotypes and secondary AMLs. Patients with refractory/relapsing disease are less responsive to Venetoclax-based regimens.

However, in the majority of patients the responses have only a limited duration and development of resistance is frequently observed. Understanding mechanisms of resistance is of crucial importance for the development of new strategies and identification of rational drug combination regimens. In this context, two strategies seem to be promising: (i) triplet therapies based on the combined administration of Venetoclax, a hypomethylating agent (or low-dose chemotherapy) and an agent targeting a specific genetic alteration of leukemic cells (i.e., FLT3 inhibitors in FLT3-mutated AMLs) or an altered signaling pathway; (ii) combination therapies based on the administration of two BH3 mimetics (i.e., BCL-2 +MCL-1 mimetics) and a hypomethylating agent.
Internal auditing - a management function
Authors: Stroh George
Published: October 2022

The internal auditor first gained recognition as a checker of financial information and arithmetical accuracy, and as a verifier of cash and other assets and acted as a general supplement to the external audit function. One of his major functions was to Investigate fraud, defalcation and cases where the organisation had lost money through gross negligence, etc. It soon became obvious that much time and effort could be saved if the internal auditor, as part of his normal function, could insist on proper and economic controls being instituted in the line functions.
Overexpression of Long Non-Coding RNA LINC00158 Inhibits Neuronal Apoptosis by Promoting Autophagy in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Qin Fuchuang , He Guorong , Sun Yu , Chen Guangning , Yu Qijian , Ma Xilie
Published: October 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common central nervous system disease. It is reported that long non-coding RNA LINC00158 is involved in the process of SCI. The purpose of this study was to explore the biological role of LINC00158 in the SCI. First, we established a rat SCI model by surgical method and evaluated the motor function of rats by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale. The results showed that the expression of LINC00158 decreased and apoptotic cells increased in the SCI model rats. Meanwhile, we found the upregulated LC3-II/LC3-I, Beclin-1, and p62 in the SCI rats. Then, primary rat spinal cord neurons were exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) as an in vitro cell model of SCI. After OGD treatment, the expression of LINC00158 decreased significantly and the apoptosis of spinal cord neurons increased. OGD treatment resulted in upregulation of LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1 and downregulation of p62 in primary spinal cord neurons, which could be eliminated by overexpression of LINC00158. 3-Methyladenine and chloroquine (autophagy inhibitor) reversed the inhibitory effect of LINC00158 overexpression on apoptosis of primary spinal cord neurons. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that LINC00158 overexpression repressed neuronal apoptosis by promoting autophagy, suggesting that LINC00158 may be a potential therapeutic target in the SCI.