bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Machine Learning and Data Mining Approaches for Business Applications in Social Networks
Authors: Trandafili Evis , Biba Marenglen
Published: February 2013

Social networks have an outstanding marketing value and developing data mining methods for viral marketing is a hot topic in the research community. However, most social networks remain impossible to be fully analyzed and understood due to prohibiting sizes and the incapability of traditional machine learning and data mining approaches to deal with the new dimension in the learning process related to the large-scale environment where the data are produced. On one hand, the birth and evolution of such networks has posed outstanding challenges for the learning and mining community, and on the other has opened the possibility for very powerful business applications. However, little understanding exists regarding these business applications and the potential of social network mining to boost marketing. This paper presents a review of the most important state-of-the-art approaches in the machine learning and data mining community regarding analysis of social networks and their business applications. The authors review the problems related to social networks and describe the recent developments in the area discussing important achievements in the analysis of social networks and outlining future work. The focus of the review in not only on the technical aspects of the learning and mining approaches applied to social networks but also on the business potentials of such methods.
Complexity and Usability of Voice-Enabled Alerting and Situational Reporting Decoupled Systems
Authors: Perera Kasun , Waidyanatha Nuwan , Wilfred Tharaka , Silva Manoj , Burrell Brenda , Sigauke Tichafara
Published: February 2013

Telephone calls are the predominant telecommunication mode in Sri Lanka (Zainudeen et al). Leveraging low cost voice-based applications for disaster communication would be acceptable and sustainable. The findings in this paper are from an experiment concerning interactive voice for connecting community-based emergency field operatives with their central emergency coordination hub. Challenge was in interchanging the Freedom Fone (FF) Interactive Voice Response (IVR) generated, Sinhala and Tamil language speech data with the text-based ’Sahana’ disaster management system for analysis and decision support. Human interactions with the two decoupled software systems to accomplish the sequence of tasks, point to instabilities. Emergency Data Exchange Language (EDXL), a XML-based, interoperable content standard was adopted for mediation between the two disparate systems. Low quality voice data resulting in incomplete information was a barrier to automating transformations between the FF IVR and Sahana. Replacing these processes with human procedures significantly degrades the reliability. This paper discusses the complexities, usability and utility shortcomings discovered through controlled-exercises, in Sri Lanka.
Can We Use Your Router, Please?
Authors: Panitzek Kamill , Schweizer Immanuel , Schulz Axel , Bönning Tobias , Seipel Gero , Mühlhäuser Max
Published: February 2013

During rescue missions first responders rely on voice communication making crisis management nearly impossible without good means of communication. Unfortunately the communication technology used by first responders today does not scale well. Also most of the given infrastructure, such as cell towers, might be destroyed after a disaster. Therefore, ad-hoc and peer-to-peer-based communication schemes have been proposed in recent research to provide scalable and resilient communication. Most mobile phones today are equipped with wireless transceivers that make them suitable to participate in ad-hoc networks. But in this case, device density might be too small for a connected topology. In this paper, the authors propose an emergency switch for privately owned wireless routers. The switch allows wireless routers to transition to an emergency mode creating a supportive wireless mesh network. To analyze if such a network would result in a resilient topology real data from wireless routers in a city is gathered. They calculate the locations of private and public routers from GPS traces and compare the resulting networks with each other. Finally, the authors discuss open and critical questions and implications the proposed emergency switch would introduce.
Multimodal Information Fusion for Semantic Video Analysis
Authors: Gulen Elvan , Yilmaz Turgay , Yazici Adnan
Published: February 2013

Multimedia data by its very nature contains multimodal information in it. For a successful analysis of multimedia content, all available multimodal information should be utilized. Additionally, since concepts can contain valuable cues about other concepts, concept interaction is a crucial source of multimedia information and helps to increase the fusion performance. The aim of this study is to show that integrating existing modalities along with the concept interactions can yield a better performance in detecting semantic concepts. Therefore, in this paper, the authors present a multimodal fusion approach that integrates semantic information obtained from various modalities along with additional semantic cues. The experiments conducted on TRECVID 2007 and CCV Database datasets validates the superiority of such combination over best single modality and alternative modality combinations. The results show that the proposed fusion approach provides 16.7% relative performance gain on TRECVID dataset and 47.7% relative performance improvement on CCV database over the results of best unimodal approaches.
Preimplantation Genetic Screening: A Practical Guide
Authors: Brezina Paul R. , Ke Raymond W. , Kutteh William H.
Published: February 2013

The past several decades have seen tremendous advances in the field of medical genetics. The application of genetic technologies to the field of reproductive medicine has ushered in a new era of medicine that is likely to greatly expand in the coming years. Concurrent with an in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle, it is now possible to obtain a cellular biopsy from a developing embryo and genetically evaluate this sample with increasing sophistication and detail. Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) is the practice of determining the presence of aneuploidy (either too many or too few chromosomes) in a developing embryo. However, how and in whom PGS should be offered is a topic of much debate.
CMCpy: Genetic Code-Message Coevolution Models in Python
Authors: Becich Peter J. , Stark Brian P. , Bhat Harish S. , Ardell David H.
Published: February 2013

Code-message coevolution (CMC) models represent coevolution of a genetic code and a population of protein-coding genes (“messages”)- Formally, CMC models are sets of quasispecies coupled together for fitness through a shared genetic code. Although CMC models display plausible explanations for the origin of multiple genetic code traits by natural selection, useful modern implementations of CMC models are not currently available. To meet this need we present CMCpy, an object-oriented Python API and command-line executable front-end that can reproduce all published results of CMC models. CMCpy implements multiple solvers for leading eigenpairs of quasispecies models. We also present novel analytical results that extend and generalize applications of perturbation theory to quasispecies models and pioneer the application of a homotopy method for quasispecies with non-unique maximally fit genotypes. Our results therefore facilitate the computational and analytical study of a variety of evolutionary systems. CMCpy is free open-source software available from http://pypi.python.org/pypi/CMCpy/ .
Intermittent riverine resuspension: Effects on phosphorus transformations and heterotrophic bacteria
Authors: Kleeberg Andreas , Hupfer Michael , Gust Giselher , Salka Ivette , Pohlmann Kirsten , Grossart Hans-Peter
Published: February 2013

Intermittent riverine resuspension (IRR), a common phenomenon, was applied to investigate its effects on sedimentary resources availability and bacteria in the water column. This lab experiment used organic‐rich lowland river sediment in a newly designed erosion chamber, the Benthic Water Column Simulator, generating well‐defined ratios of shear velocity u* to turbulence intensity. Eight consecutive resuspension events, 1–8, were initiated at u* = 1.1 cm s−1. Sedimentary and phosphorus entrainment decreased from 20.4 g m−2 h−1 and 111.6 mg m−2 h−1 at event 1 to 1.31 g m−2 h−1 and 18.7 mg m−2 h−1 at event 8, suggesting an exhaustion of particulate and dissolved sediment constituents. Entrainment of particle‐associated (PA) bacteria (132.7 × 109‐251.1 × 109 cells m−2 h−1) was strongly correlated to that of particles. Free‐living (FL) bacteria (−27.6 × 109‐36.4 × 109 cells m−2 h−1) were fractionally entrained. Numbers of PA bacteria remained low after each event, whereas those of FL bacteria strongly increased 5–15 h after an event because of growth due to increased availability of dissolved organic carbon and inorganic nutrients following each event. FL bacteria community structure also changed during IRR. The systematic changes over consecutive IRR cycles show a strong effect in all considered parameters that elude the typical single‐event, steady‐state experiments. IRR should thus be considered in two respects: experimental protocols on riverine water quality should be revised. In ecosystem modeling, IRR should be considered to better predict extent and effect of resuspension. Only IRR adequately reflects the natural interplay between hydrodynamics and organisms in rivers.
The contribution of the Vaccine adverse event Text Mining system to the classification of possible Guillain-Barré Syndrome reports
Authors: Woo E. J. , Ball R. , Botsis T.
Published: February 2013

Background: We previously demonstrated that a general purpose text mining system, the Vaccine adverse event Text Mining (VaeTM) system, could be used to automatically classify reports of anaphylaxis for post-marketing safety surveillance of vaccines.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of VaeTM to classify reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) of possible Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS).

Methods: We used VaeTM to extract the key diagnostic features from the text of reports in VAERS. Then, we applied the Brighton Collaboration (BC) case definition for GBS, and an information retrieval strategy (i.e. the vector space model) to quantify the specific information that is included in the key features extracted by VaeTM and compared it with the encoded information that is already stored in VAERS as Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) Preferred Terms (PTs). We also evaluated the contribution of the primary (diagnosis and cause of death) and secondary (second level diagnosis and symptoms) diagnostic VaeTM-based features to the total VaeTM-based information.

Results: MedDRA captured more information and better supported the classification of reports for GBS than VaeTM (AUC: 0.904 vs. 0.777); the lower performance of VaeTM is likely due to the lack of extraction by VaeTM of specific laboratory results that are included in the BC criteria for GBS. On the other hand, the VaeTM-based classification exhibited greater specificity than the MedDRA-based approach (94.96% vs. 87.65%). Most of the VaeTM-based information was contained in the secondary diagnostic features.

Conclusion: For GBS, clinical signs and symptoms alone are not sufficient to match MedDRA coding for purposes of case classification, but are preferred if specificity is the priority.

Citation: Botsis T, Woo EJ, Ball R. The contribution of the vaccine adverse event text mining system to the classification of possible Guillain-Barré syndrome reports. Appl Clin Inf 2013; 4: 88–99

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2012-11-RA-0049
Routine Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography: Impact on Intraoperative Surgical Decision Making, a Single Center Interim Analysis
Authors: Badamali Ashok Kumar , Madhavan J Sethu , Ghuman BPS , Subash S , Mishra Abhi , Mishra Ajay , Arya VK , Kumar Bhupesh , Jayant Aveek , Shyam KST , Rana Sandeep Singh , Kuthe Sachin , Mahajan Sachin , Prasad Shiva , Mathew Sarin , Arora Inderjeet
Published: February 2013

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has become an important part of armamentarium for anesthesiologists in the management of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Many studies have demonstrated the safety and utility of TEE in cardiac surgery. With advances in hardware and software, easy availability of resources for learning and optimal understanding of image generation and interpretation, many new findings crop up in the operating room (OR) which may have been missed in preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), leading to necessary changes in planned surgical procedure. In our retrospective analysis of 726 cases in which TEE was performed over the last 1 year, changes in decision was made in 65 (8.9%) of cases. This included 42 unanticipated findings prior to cardiopulmonary bypass and 23 new findings after CPB, requiring revision in 15 cases. With the increasing use and further impending advances of TEE, the number of cases in which surgical decision will be altered may increase in near future.

How to cite this article

Badamali AK, Madhavan JS, Ghuman BPS, Subash S, Raj R, Mishra A, Mishra A, Arya VK, Kumar B, Jayant A, Shyam KST, Rana SS, Singh H, Mishra A, Kuthe S, Mahajan S, Prasad S, Mathew S, Arora I, Puri GD. Routine Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography: Impact on Intraoperative Surgical Decision Making, a Single Center Interim Analysis. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2013;1(1):16-20.
Analysis of global methane changes after the 1991 Pinatubo volcanic eruption
Authors: Bândă N. , Krol M. , van Weele M. , van Noije T. , Röckmann T.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. The global methane (CH4) growth rate showed large variations after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991. Both sources and sinks of tropospheric CH4 were altered following the eruption, by feedback processes between climate and tropospheric photochemistry. Such processes include Ultra Violet (UV) radiative changes due to the presence of volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulphate aerosols in the stratosphere, and due to stratospheric ozone depletion. Changes in temperature and water vapour in the following years caused changes in tropospheric chemistry, as well as in natural emissions. We present a sensitivity study that investigates the relative effects that these processes had on tropospheric CH4 concentrations, using a simple one-dimensional chemistry model representative for the global tropospheric column. To infer the changes in UV radiative fluxes, the chemistry model is coupled to a radiative transfer model. We find that the overall effect of natural processes after the eruption on the CH4 growth rate is dominated by the reduction in CH4 lifetime due to stratospheric ozone depletion. However, all the other processes are found to have non-negligible effects, and should therefore be taken into account in order to obtain a good estimate of CH4 concentrations after Pinatubo. We find that the overall effect was a small initial increase in the CH4 growth rate after the eruption, followed by a decrease of about 7 ppb yr−1 by mid-1993. When changes in anthropogenic emissions are employed according to emission inventories, an additional decrease of about 5 ppb yr−1 in the CH4 growth rate is obtained between the years 1991 and 1993. The results using the simplified single column model are in good qualitative agreement with observed changes in the CH4 growth rate. Further analysis, taking into account changes in the dynamics of the atmosphere, variations in emissions from biomass burning, and in biogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), requires the use of a full three-dimensional model.
CCN activity and volatility of β-caryophyllene secondary organic aerosol
Authors: Frosch M. , Bilde M. , Nenes A. , Praplan A. P. , Jurányi Z. , Dommen J. , Gysel M. , Weingartner E. , Baltensperger U.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. In a series of smog chamber experiments, the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generated from ozonolysis of β-caryophyllene was characterized by determining the CCN derived hygroscopicity parameter, κCCN, from experimental data. Two types of CCN counters, operating at different temperatures, were used. The effect of semi-volatile organic compounds on the CCN activity of SOA was studied using a thermodenuder. Overall, SOA was only slightly CCN active (with κCCN in the range 0.001–0.16), and in dark experiments with no OH scavenger present, κCCN decreased when particles were sent through the thermodenuder (with a temperature up to 50 °C). SOA was generated under different experimental conditions: In some experiments, an OH scavenger (2-butanol) was added. SOA from these experiments was less CCN active than SOA produced in experiments without an OH scavenger (i.e. where OH was produced during ozonolysis). In other experiments, lights were turned on, either without or with the addition of HONO (OH source). This led to the formation of more CCN active SOA. SOA was aged up to 30 h through exposure to ozone and (in experiments with no OH scavenger present) to OH. In all experiments, the derived κCCN consistently increased with time after initial injection of β-caryophyllene, showing that chemical ageing increases the CCN activity of β-caryophyllene SOA. κCCN was also observed to depend on supersaturation, which was explained either as an evaporation artifact from semi-volatile SOA (only observed in experiments lacking light exposure) or, alternatively, by effects related to chemical composition depending on dry particle size. Using the method of Threshold Droplet Growth Analysis it was also concluded that the activation kinetics of the SOA do not differ significantly from calibration ammonium sulphate aerosol for particles aged for several hours.
Monte Carlo-based subgrid parameterization of vertical velocity and stratiform cloud microphysics in ECHAM5.5-HAM2
Authors: Tonttila J. , Räisänen P. , Järvinen H.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. A new method for parameterizing the subgrid variations of vertical velocity and cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) is presented for GCMs. These parameterizations build on top of existing parameterizations that create stochastic subgrid cloud columns inside the GCM grid-cells, which can be employed by the Monte Carlo independent column approximation approach for radiative transfer. The new model version adds a description for vertical velocity in individual subgrid columns, which can be used to compute cloud activation and the subgrid distribution of the number of cloud droplets explicitly. This provides a consistent way for simulating the cloud radiative effects with two-moment cloud microphysical properties defined in subgrid-scale. The primary impact of the new parameterizations is to decrease the CDNC over polluted continents, while over the oceans the impact is smaller. This promotes changes in the global distribution of the cloud radiative effects and might thus have implications on model estimation of the indirect radiative effect of aerosols.
A variational approach for retrieving ice cloud properties from infrared measurements: application in the context of two IIR validation campaigns
Authors: Sourdeval O. , Labonnote L. C. , Brogniez G. , Jourdan O. , Pelon J. , Garnier A.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Cirrus are cloud types that are recognized to have a strong impact on the Earth-atmosphere radiation balance. This impact is however still poorly understood, due to the difficulties in describing the large variability of their properties in global climate models. Consequently, numerous airborne and space borne missions have been dedicated to their study in the last decades. The satellite constellation A-Train has proven to be particularly helpful to study cirrus on global scale due to such instruments as the Infrared Imaging Radiometer (IIR), which shows great sensitivity to the radiative and microphysical properties of these clouds. This study presents an algorithm that uses thermal infrared measurements to retrieve the optical thickness of cirrus and the effective size of their ice crystals. This algorithm is based on an optimal estimation scheme, which possesses the advantage of attributing precise uncertainties to the retrieved parameters. Two IIR airborne validation campaigns have been chosen as case studies. It is observed that optical thicknesses could be accurately retrieved but that large uncertainties may occur on the effective diameters. Strong agreements have been found between the products of our algorithm when separately applied to the measurements of IIR and of the airborne radiometer CLIMAT-AV, which comforts the results of previous validations of IIR level-1 measurements. Comparisons with in situ observations and with operational products of IIR also show confidence in our results. However, we have found that the quality of our retrievals can be strongly impacted by uncertainties related to the choice of a pristine crystal model and by poor constraints on the properties of possible liquid cloud layers underneath cirrus. Simultaneous retrievals of liquid clouds radiative and microphysical properties or the use of different ice crystal models should therefore be considered to improve the quality of the results.
Airborne hydrogen cyanide measurements using a chemical ionisation mass spectrometer for the plume identification of biomass burning forest fires
Authors: Le Breton M. , Bacak A. , Muller J. B. A. , O'Shea S. J. , Xiao P. , Ashfold M. N. R. , Cooke M. C. , Batt R. , Shallcross D. E. , Oram D. E. , Forster G. , Bauguitte S. J.-B. , Percival C. J.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. A Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometer (CIMS) was developed for measuring hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from biomass burning events in Canada using I− reagent ions on board the FAAM BAe-146 research aircraft during the BORTAS campaign in 2011. The ionisation scheme enabled highly sensitive measurements at 1 Hz frequency through biomass burning plumes in the troposphere. A strong correlation between the HCN, carbon monoxide (CO) and acetonitrile (CH3CN) was observed, indicating the potential of HCN as a biomass burning (BB) marker. A plume was defined as being 6 standard deviations above background for the flights. This method was compared with a number of alternative plume defining techniques employing CO and CH3CN measurements. The 6 sigma technique produced the highest R2 values for correlations with CO. A Normalised Excess Mixing Ratio (NEMR) of 3.76 ± 0.022 pptv ppbv−1 was calculated which is within the range quoted in previous research (Hornbrook et al., 2011). The global tropospheric model STOCHEM-CRI incorporated both the observed ratio and extreme ratios derived from other studies to generate global emission totals of HCN via biomass burning. Using the ratio derived from this work the emission total for HCN from BB was 0.92 Tg (N) yr−1.
Enhanced rates of particulate organic matter remineralization by microzooplankton are diminished by added ballast minerals
Authors: Le Moigne F. A. C. , Gallinari M. , Laurenceau E. , De La Rocha C. L.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. To examine the potentially competing influences of microzooplankton and calcite mineral ballast on organic matter remineralization, we incubated diatoms in darkness in rolling tanks with and without added calcite minerals (coccoliths) and microzooplankton (rotifers). Concentrations of particulate organic matter (POM), suspended or in aggregates, of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and of dissolved inorganic nutrients were monitored over 8 days. The presence of rotifers enhanced the remineralization of ammonium and phosphate, but not dissolved silicon, from the biogenic material, up to 40% of which became incorporated into aggregates early in the experiment. Added calcite resulted in rates of excretion of ammonium and phosphate by rotifers that were depressed by 67% and 36%, respectively, demonstrating the potential for minerals to inhibit the destruction of POM in the water column by zooplankton. Lastly, the presence of the rotifers and added calcite minerals resulted in more rapid kinetics of aggregation, although not a greater overall amount of aggregation during the experiment.
The impact of oceanic circulation and phase transfer on the dispersion of radionuclides released from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Choi Y. , Kida S. , Takahasi K.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. The mechanism behind the dispersion of radionuclides released from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant on March 2011 is investigated using a numerical model. This model is a Lagrangian particle tracking – ocean circulation coupled model that has the capability of solving the concentration of radionuclides for those dissolved in seawater and those adsorbed in particulates and bottom sediments. Model results show the radionuclides dispersing rapidly to the interior of the North Pacific along the Kuroshio Extension once they enter a meso-scale eddy. However, radionuclides are also found to remain near the coast with their spatial pattern depending strongly on the oceanic circulation during the first month of the release. This is when most of the adsorption to bottom sediments occurs. If the offshore advection were weak during this period, many radionuclides will be adsorbed to bottom sediments and remain on the coast for some time. If vertical mixing is weak, less radionuclide reach the sea floor and get adsorbed to bottom sediments. More radionuclides will then disperse to the open ocean.
The snails' tale at deep-sea habitats in the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)
Authors: Génio L. , Warén A. , Matos F. L. , Cunha M. R.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Bridging the Atlantic and Mediterranean continental margins, the South Iberian region has recently been the focus for geological and biological investigations. The Gulf of Cadiz (GoC) encompasses a great variety of deep-sea habitats that harbour highly diverse biological communities. In this study, we describe the taxa composition of gastropod assemblages from deep-sea habitats in the GoC and analyse the species distributional patterns in relation to their dispersal capabilities and substrate availability. Distinct gastropod assemblages were found at mud volcanoes, carbonate and coral sites, and organic-falls. Overall, the GoC comprises a high diversity of gastropods that include 65 taxa representing 32 families, 48 genera and 30 named species. The highest number of taxa was found at the highly heterogeneous carbonate province in the middle slope (500–1500 m depth), and higher abundance of individuals was observed in Captain Arutyunov mud volcano, one of the most active sites found in the GoC. Faunal similarities were found with Mediterreanean cold-seeps (species- and genus-level) and other chemosynthetic environments in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (genus-level). Colonization experiments with organic substrata (wood and alfalfa grass) yielded high abundances of gastropod species. These organic inputs allowed the recruitment of local species but also of wood specialist taxa that were not known to occur in the GoC. Our results suggest that distribution of gastropod assemblages may be primarily determined by the occurrence of suitable habitats probably due to effect of the substrate type on feeding strategies and that larval development is not a limiting factor for colonization of the deep sea. However, the predominance of non-planktotrophy, and especially lecithotrophy, suggests that the trade-off between a more limited dispersal capability and the higher potential for self-recruitment may be favoured by the gastropod species inhabiting reducing environments and other patchily distributed deep-sea habitats. A network of suitable habitats that ensures connectivity of effective populations would explain the predominance and relatively wide distribution of short-distance dispersing non-planktotrophic species at the GoC deep-sea habitats and other geographical regions.
Evaluating the influence of long term historical climate change on catchment hydrology – using drought and flood indices
Authors: Karlsson I. B. , Sonnenborg T. O. , Jensen K. H. , Refsgaard J. C.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. This study uses a 133 yr data set from the 1055 km2 Skjern River catchment in a western Danish catchment to evaluate: long-term past climate changes in the area; the capability of a conceptual hydrological model NAM to simulate climate change impacts on river discharge; and the occurrences of droughts and floods in a changing climate. The degree of change in the climatic variables is examined using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test. During the last 133 yr the area has experienced a significant change in precipitation of 46% and a temperature change of 1.3 °C leading to (simulated) increases in discharge of 103% and groundwater recharge of 172%. Only a small part of the past climatic changes was found to be correlated to the climatic drivers: NAO, SCA and AMO. The NAM model was calibrated on the period 1961–1970 and showed generally an excellent match between simulated and observed discharge. The capability of the hydrological model to predict climate change impact was investigated by looking at performances outside the calibration period. The results showed a reduced model fit, especially for the modern time periods (after the 1970s), and not all hydrological changes could be explained. This might indicate that hydrological models cannot be expected to predict climate change impacts on discharge as accurately in the future, as they perform under present conditions, where they can be calibrated. The (simulated) stream discharge was subsequently analyzed using flood and drought indices based on the threshold method. The extreme signal was found to depend highly on the period chosen as reference to normal. The analysis, however, indicated enhanced amplitude of the hydrograph towards the drier extremes superimposed on the overall discharge increase leading to more relative drought periods.
Impact of Daily versus Weekly Supply of Locally Produced Ready-to-Use Food on Growth of Moderately Wasted Children on Nias Island, Indonesia
Authors: Purwestri Ratna Chrismiari , Scherbaum Veronika , Inayati Dyah Ayu , Wirawan Nia Novita , Suryantan Julia , Bloem Maurice Alexander , Pangaribuan Rosnani Verba , Stuetz Wolfgang , Hoffmann Volker , Qaim Matin , Biesalski Hans Konrad , Bellows Anne Camilla
Published: February 2013

This study reports the outcomes of daily (semi-urban areas) and weekly (remote rural regions) programs for moderately wasted children supplemented with locally produced ready-to-use foods in the form of fortified cereal/nut/legume-based biscuits on Nias Island, Indonesia (RUF-Nias biscuit). Thirty-four children in daily and twenty children in weekly programs aged ≥6 to <60 months with weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) ≥ −3 to < −2 SD were recruited (October 2007–June 2008) on Nias and admitted into existing nutrition centers in the Church World Service project area. Individual discharge criterion was WHZ ≥ −1.5 SD. Weight gain of the children in daily and weekly programs was 3.9±3.8 and 2.0±2.0 g/kg/day, respectively. A higher proportion of children in daily than weekly programs reached target WHZ (76% vs. 35%, P=0.004). Weight gain at program discharge/closure was highly predicted (R2=0.228, P<0.001) by compliance to RUF biscuits: high vs. low compliance resulted in a 1.33 (95% CI 0.16 to 1.53) g/kg/day higher weight gain. Compliance and admission in daily programs were significant factors in reducing the risk of not reaching the discharge criterion. However, mothers complained more frequently about time constraints in the daily relative to weekly programs.
Regional Analysis on Decadal Variation in Aspects of Water Quality in Three Contrasting Coastal Systems of Ishikawa Coast, Japan
Authors: Agboola J. I. , McDonald A. E.
Published: February 2013

This study examines drivers and trends of change in time and space in some coastal water quality parameters and management/cultural practices on the Ishikawa coast, Japan, between 1984 and 2009. Generally, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations varied significantly () across the three coastal compartments (Kanazawa area (KNA), Noto area (NTA), and Nanao area (NNA)), and pH and DO concentrations varied significantly () over the last three decades, suggesting that human perturbation within the last three decades varied along the coast and may be more relative than environmental change impact. Other water quality variables showed different spatial and temporal patterns and implications across the coastal compartments. Although there is a uniform approach to the development of water quality standards in Japan, these results suggest that setting stricter standards may be required by the prefectural government in collaboration with industry, stakeholders groups, and coastal community resource users.
Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Studt J.-D. , Voorberg J. , Hovinga J. A. Kremer , Schaller M.
Published: February 2013

The von Willebrand factor (VWF)-cleaving metalloprotease, ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motifs-13) is the only known target of the dysregulated immune response in acquired TTP. Autoantibodies to ADAMTS13 either neutralize its activity or accelerate its clearance, thereby causing a severe deficiency of ADAMTS13 in plasma. As a consequence, size regulation of VWF is impaired and the persistence of ultra-large VWF (ULVWF) multimers facilitates micro vascular platelet aggregation causing microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and ischaemic organ damage. Autoimmune TTP although a rare disease with an annual incidence of 1.72 cases has a mortality rate of 20% even with adequate therapy.

We describe the mechanisms involved in ADAMTS13 autoimmunity with a focus on the role of B- and T-cells in the pathogenesis of this disorder. We discuss the potential translation of recent experimental findings into future therapeutic concepts for the treatment of acquired TTP.
Pengaruh lama ketiadaan inang terhadap kapasitas reproduksi parasitoid Snellenius manilae Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors:   Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Akbar Mohamad Eldiary , Buchori Damayanti ,   Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor
Published: February 2013

The objective of this research was to study the influence of host deprivation on the oviposition and physiological condition of Snellenius manilae Ashmead. The research was conducted at Laboratory of Bioecology of Parasitoid and Predator, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB. Ten parasitoids of the same age and cohort were used in this experiment. Deprivation of hosts were done for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days at the beginning and toward the end of their life. All hosts were replaced every 24 hours. Result indicated that host deprivation affects the reproductive capacity of Snellenius manilae. Even though parasitoids were able to lay eggs even when they were deprived of hosts for seven consecutive days, the overall results of host deprivation experiment showed that the length and timing of deprivation period can affect reproductive capacity. Deprivation of hosts tends to increase the parasitism rate and the numbers of eggs laid upon their first encounter of hosts after the treatment. The difference is more pronounced on treatements that allowed parasitism to occur before the deprivation treatment. However, the overall results suggests that deprivation overall decrease the reproductive capacity of the parasitoid. The longevity of deprived individuals was also lengthened. Parasitoids that were given host before deprivation treatments tend to produced more eggs than those were not. These results showed that deprivation of hosts in the field may affect the effectiveness of parasitoids and the success of biological control.
Accéder au meilleur quartier possible : types de famille et ségrégation résidentielle croisée à Montréal
Authors: Pelletier David
Published: February 2013

Le sujet principal de ce texte est une forme très ciblée de ségrégation démographique : la ségrégation des familles avec enfants selon leur type. Cependant, puisque la répartition spatiale des familles avec couple marié, avec couple en union libre, monoparentales à chef féminin et monoparentales à chef masculin ne dépend pas uniquement de leur structure, il faut aussi considérer d’autres facettes de leur identité, notamment leurs caractéristiques socioéconomiques et ethnoculturelles. La combinaison de ces facteurs engendre une ségrégation croisée que nous explorons avec les microdonnées du recensement de 2006 pour la région métropolitaine de Montréal. Nous utilisons d’abord des indices de ségrégation pour mettre en évidence une ségrégation familiale « brute », puis nous avons recours à des modèles de locational attainment pour déterminer l’effet « net » du type de famille sur le revenu médian du quartier de résidence. Nous trouvons qu’il existe une interaction importante entre l’appartenance ethnoculturelle et le type de famille, ce qui nous conduit à relativiser les résultats de recherches qui ne prennent pas en compte l’hétérogénéité interne des types de famille.
Dans les pas des recenseurs : une analyse critique des dimensions géographiques et familiales du recensement canadien de 1852
Authors: Dillon Lisa , Joubert Katrina
Published: February 2013

Le premier recensement nominatif canadien du xixe siècle, celui de 1851-1852 pour le Canada-Est et le Canada-Ouest, représente une occasion unique de comprendre les comportements sociaux observés à cette époque. Cette analyse approfondie, axée sur un échantillon aléatoire de 20 %, relativise les critiques formulées à son encontre : les données provenant des manuscrits témoignent d’un dénombrement principalement (mais pas toujours) systématique. Relativement peu de recenseurs ont utilisé les marques « ditto » ou les totaux au lieu des marques unitaires par individu, peu également ont attribué plus d’un statut familial à chaque personne. Les membres des familles nucléaires, les parents du chef de ménage et les domestiques ont été classés, dans la plupart des cas, de façon uniforme d’un recenseur à l’autre. L’absence d’un tiers des manuscrits du recensement de 1852 pose un plus grand défi, mais notre échantillon est néanmoins représentatif de la population à l’échelle de la province en égard au sexe, à l’âge et à l’état matrimonial.
Prospective démographique localisée : de la diversité des méthodes à l’importance des données de recensement
Authors: Bergouignan Christophe
Published: February 2013

La prospective démographique localisée est susceptible de recouvrir plusieurs démarches distinctes. Cette diversité méthodologique renvoie à la fois à des différences de degré d’élaboration et de respect des exigences de cohérence interne et au contexte qui a conduit à projeter une ou plusieurs populations locales. Après avoir présenté les principales méthodes de projection démographique utilisées en démographie locale, ce texte explique et illustre, par un exemple caractéristique, la façon dont elles peuvent être articulées pour répondre aux demandes de plus en plus composites des collectivités territoriales. Il décrit ensuite les données de recensement nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre de ces démarches de prospective démographique localisée en fonction de leur degré d’élaboration.
Trajectoires conjugales des parents et rendement scolaire des enfants en première année du primaire
Authors: Lardoux Solène , Pelletier David
Published: February 2013

Dans la société québécoise, l’union libre est devenue une alternative au mariage comme cadre de formation des familles. Cependant, très peu de recherches ont comparé le développement des enfants de parents en union libre et de parents mariés. De même, les effets de la séparation d’une union libre et d’un mariage ont rarement été distingués les uns des autres. Avec un échantillon représentatif de 1 347 enfants provenant de l’Étude longitudinale du développement des enfants du Québec (ÉLDEQ), nous nous intéressons aux liens entre l’état matrimonial des parents à la naissance de l’enfant, la survenue d’une rupture conjugale et le rendement scolaire des enfants en première année du primaire (évalué par l’enseignant et par des tests cognitifs). Le rôle modérateur du genre est aussi examiné. Contrairement à ce que constatent les chercheurs américains, nous ne trouvons pas d’association négative entre une naissance en union libre et le rendement scolaire au Québec. Nous identifions plutôt de faibles associations positives pour les filles. Enfin, la séparation des parents est parfois liée à un plus faible rendement scolaire, mais cette relation varie selon l’état matrimonial à la naissance et le genre de l’enfant.
Mechanisms for High‐Performance and Non‐Local Photoisomerization Gratings in a Sol–Gel Material
Authors: Gallego‐Gómez Francisco , del Monte Francisco , Meerholz Klaus
Published: February 2013

Novel azo‐containing sol–gel films exhibiting outstanding properties for optical applications via nonlocal photoisomerization gratings were reported recently, although the underlying mechanisms were not well understood, especially regarding the unexpected non‐local effect. Here, this photoisomerizable sol–gel material is characterized in‐depth, analyzing the design and fabrication strategy, and discussing the aspects that enable the efficient photoresponse, with focus on the holographic recording. The material consists of an azochromophore‐rich silica matrix containing glycidoxypropyl groups, which provide increased flexibility and internal free volume for improved dye photoresponse. The matrix characteristics allow a novel procedure for fabrication of thick optical films, in which chromophore aggregation is ruptured by thermal annealing while keeping the material centrosymmetry (beneficial for high hologram contrast). The molecular photo‐orientation promotes alignment of microscopic domains in a cooperative motion, not reported previously in sol–gel materials. This collective mechanism enhances the material response and explains some intriguing features of photoisomerization gratings. In particular, there is evidence that spatially shifted domains are related to the grating nonlocal nature. Different recording (write–erase–write) procedures that distinctly affect the photoalignment at both molecular and microscopic level are studied. The holographic performance drastically changes, which can be selectively exploited for either long‐term or dynamic holography.
Immobilization of Quantum Dots in Nanostructured Porous Silicon Films: Characterizations and Signal Amplification for Dual‐Mode Optical Biosensing
Authors: Gaur Girija , Koktysh Dmitry S. , Weiss Sharon M.
Published: February 2013

Highly sensitive dual‐mode labeled detection of biotin in well‐characterized porous silicon (PSi) films using colloidal quantum dots (QDs) as signal amplifiers are demonstrated. Optimization of the PSi platform for targeted QD infiltration and immobilization is carried out by characterizing and tuning the porosity, film depth, and pore size. Binding events of target QD‐biotin conjugates with streptavidin probes immobilized on the pore walls are monitored by reflective interferometric spectroscopy and fluorescence measurements. QD labeling of the target biotin molecules enables detection based on a distinct fluorescent signal as well as a greater than 5‐fold enhancement in the measured spectral reflectance fringe shift and a nearly three order of magnitude improvement in the detection limit for only 6% surface area coverage of QDs inside the porous matrix. Utilizing the QD signal amplifiers, an exceptional biotin detection limit of ≈6 fg mm−2 is demonstrated with sub‐fg mm−2 detection limits achievable.
Single Bipyramid Plasmonic Antenna Orientation Determined by Direct Photoluminescence Pattern Imaging
Authors: Zhang Tianyue , Shen Hongming , Lu Guowei , Liu Jie , He Yingbo , Wang Yuwei , Gong Qihuang
Published: February 2013

Photoluminescence of single gold bipyramid due to the radiative decay of the longitudinal surface plasmon is used to determine its 3D orientation using a direct emission pattern imaging technique. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity from individual gold bipyramids is recorded at the objective's back focal plane, which directly maps the angular emission distribution. By correlating the PL spectra, dark‐field scattering, emission pattern, and atomic force microscopy data, the spatial orientation and the radiation characteristics of an individual nanoantenna can be unambiguously determined. The PL emission pattern imaging can be used as a stand‐alone technique for the fast and facile determination of nanoantenna orientations. The experimental data also agree well with a simple analytical model based on a far‐field angular distribution of an isolated dipole emitter on the interface. In situ measurements are also performed on the PL pattern of a single gold bipyramid during optical heating to monitor the photothermal reshaping of the nanoantenna. The results show that the PL emission pattern imaging method is highly sensitive to changes of the geometry and orientation of the nanoparticle. The PL direct imaging technique offers great advantages, including a facile full‐3D angle‐resolved capability, free of photobleaching and photoblinking. Additionally, the results reveal that the gold bipyramids can generate efficient PL emission, and the unique features of gold bipyramids would be outstanding candidates for orientation sensing. These findings have great potential for characterizing optical nanoantennas, for optical imaging and sensing in materials science and biological applications.
Pretibial linear vertical creases or indentations (shin dimples) associated with arthrogryposis
Authors: Hall Judith G.
Published: February 2013

Among 2,500 cases of arthrogryposis, 14 families and 17 individuals were identified that had a linear vertical crease (indentation/dimple) along the anterior tibia, usually bilaterally. Approximately half had developmental delay/intellectual disability and the others had normal intellectual development. There are generalized flexion contractures with the legs more severely affected than the arms. The ankles are flexed at birth suggesting a relationship of contraction of the anterior tibial compartment to the in utero development of the anterior tibial crease. Dislocated hips are seen in 60%. Hands open with physical therapy and become quite functional. Those with normal intelligence are ambulatory, often with a crouching stance. Three families had recurrence suggesting a recessive pattern of inheritance. All parents were normal. No affected individuals have had offspring. Several have had CGH arrays, which were normal. The presence of this crease in cases of arthrogryposis appears to be a helpful clinical observation and may even be pathognomonic. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.