bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPLANATORY DATA ANALISIS UNTUK MENGEVALUASI PENELUSURAN KATA KUNCI VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN DI YOUTUBE DENGAN PENDEKATAN MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Mambang Mambang , Ahmad Hidayat  , Finki Dona Marleny  , Johan Wahyudi
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to find correlations related to the variable number of impressions, likes, subscribers, and comments on each learning video keyword search on YouTube. This research uses quantitative methods and experiments with secondary data sources. Exploratory Data Analysis in machine learning using several libraries in Python programming produces image visualizations that provide information related to the dataset that has been processed, such as boxplot graphs, histograms, line plots, and correlation graphs. Exploratory Data Analysis with machine learning that we have done finds results on boxplot graphs on five variables showing a whisker more elongated upwards which states positive data results. The difference in this histogram chart is in the duration variable. On the line plot graph, we find the keywords learning videos learning mathematics have the advantage of four variables and the keywords of accounting learning videos one variable.

Exploratory Data Analysis using the correlation head map in the seaborn library shows that the like and comment variables strongly correlate with a value of 1. Duration variables have a low and negative correlation with other variables. The subscribers variable has a high correlation with the like variable 0.95. Thus, several indicators need to be considered in making learning videos, such as content or content of innovative and creative learning videos, so that the number of likes and comments becomes high. The length of time in learning videos does not affect the number of likes, subscribers, and comments.
Analysis of Potential Disruptions From Earthquakes in Istanbul and 3D Model Based Risk Communication
Authors: Vries Jeffrey de , Atun Funda , Koeva Mila N.
Published: December 2023

Making cities disaster resilient is important as proven by the increased number of city networks such as 100 Resilient Cities. The major difficulty on this trajectory is the interrelated components in urban systems that influence each other and increase uncertainty in risk assessment and management. Therefore, this study analyses the potential road blockages that impact traffic control using a multi-hazard risk assessment for the historical peninsula of Istanbul, Turkey. To support the communication of the causes of such potential disruptions, a 3D city model is created for the visualisation and analysis of the consequences from a disaster. For the socioeconomic, physical and systemic vulnerability and risk assessments, the additive normalization indicator-based approach is used. Besides, to determine the building vulnerability and damage grades, the EMS-98 Macroseismic method is applied. This study found that the socioeconomic vulnerability is high to very high which could contribute to emergent behaviour causing traffic congestions and communication issues. In addition, most buildings have been determined to be ‘very heavily damaged’. Consequently, there is high risk for road blockages in the narrow streets within the case study area, while the roads themselves have low risk to damage. The usage of 3D modelling techniques for visualisation and analysis improves understandability, visual problem identification and support decision making for mitigation strategies in case of road blockages.
Effects of fenobucarb based-Excel Basa 50EC on brain cholinesterase of juvenile snakehead fish (Channa striata) in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta’s rice fields
Authors: Thao Huynh Van , Chuyen Bui Thi , Toan Pham Van , Nam Tran Sy , Cong Nguyen Van
Published: December 2023

Fenobucarb is one of most common insecticides applied to rice crops in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Paddy fields are preferred habitats for snakehead fish (Channa striata). Therefore, the probability of exposure risks and growth effects is highly. This paper aimed to examine the effects of using fenobucarb based – Excel Basa 50EC on the brain cholinesterase (ChE) of snakehead fish. Two rice fields, in which a single dose of Excel Basa 50EC was applied to one field, whilst the other acted as a control. Each field was subdivided into three plots by earthen dikes. In each plot, one fish cage (1.2 m x 1.2 m x 1.2 m) was installed that was stocked with 20 snakehead fish. The Excel Basa 50EC was applied once at the indication dose. The results highlighted that the concentration of fenobucarb in water at 1 hr after application was 116.72 ppb ± 12.64, which decreased to 23.96 ± 6.61 ppb after d and then to below detection limits (0.02 ppb). For fish living in this field, no mortality was seen, but ChE was significantly inhibited for 31 % on the first day and recovery following 7 days of exposure. Residues of fenobucarb in soil and fish should also be investigated furthermore.
Reestruturação produtiva no Brasil e o destino de algumas empresas líderes do ciclo desenvolvimentista (1986-2015)
Authors: Tessari Claudia Alessandra , Santos Fábio Alexandre , Tayra Flavio , Zorzenon Costa Julio Cesar , Leal Pereira Murilo , Bianconi Renata
Published: December 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o capital brasileiro de origem familiar no período pós-reestruturação produtiva. Para tanto foram analisadas algumas grandes empresas ou grupos econômicos familiares que se expandiram durante o ciclo desenvolvimentista brasileiro (décadas de 1930 a 1980). A partir de meados dos anos 1980 o Brasil passou por mudanças no ambiente econômico e institucional no qual essas empresas ou grupos haviam prosperado, impactando o capital nacional de diferentes formas: aquisição pelo capital internacional; reestruturação de custos e de porte; alteração de core business; interrupção de produção; falência, entre outras. Foram analisadas cinco empresas ou grupos econômicos de diferentes setores de atividades: Grupo Villares (bens de capital e intermediários), Gradiente (eletroeletrônico), João Fortes Engenharia (construção civil), Panelas Clock (bens de consumo semiduráveis), Bompreço (supermercados).
Effects of aerobic morning intervention on body composition changes in young women of morning and neither chronotypes
Authors: Pivovarnicek Pavol , Kondratova Dominika , Jancokova Ludmila , Zahalka Frantisek , Maly Tomas
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to compare the effect of a morning physical intervention on the body composition of young women (n = 8, mean age ± SD = 23.1 ± 1.0 years, mean height ± SD = 168.9 ± 5.8 cm, mean weight ± SD = 66.2 ± 6.8 kg) of the morning chronotype (M-types) vs. young women (n = 25, mean age ± SD = 21.4 ± 1.5 years, mean height ± SD = 167.1 ± 5.4 cm, mean weight ± SD = 65.6 ± 7.8 kg) of the neither chronotypes (N-types). We used bioimpedance analysis to detect changes in the following indicators: weight, body mass index, fat mass (FM%), fat free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MM), total body water (TBW), extracellular and total body water ratio (ECW/TBW), extracellular and body cell mass ratio (ECM/BCM), and phase angle (PA). Intervention effects in groups were compared and evaluated by Cohen’s d within the statistical procedure of paired samples t-test, which did not show any significant differences in all indicators, except PA, between the pre-test and post-test (p>0.05). Statistical improvement was denoted and examined in the PA of the N-types. The most significant difference was found in the ECM/BCM indicator, which was stimulated more effectively in M-types after the morning intervention compared with the N-types. M-type participants improved in ECM/BCM (d = 0.62) and PA (d = 0.70) with a medium effect, but scored worse in FM% (d = 0.47) with a small effect, FFM (d = .43), MM (d = 0.42), and TBW (d = 0.40), whereas no effect was found in ECW/TBW (d = 0.15). N-type participants improved in PA (d = .60) with a medium effect, FFM (d = 0.29), MM (d = 0.28), and ECW/TBW (d = 0.28) with a small effect; no effect was observed in ECM/BCM (d = 0.01), FM% (d = 0.03), and TBW (d = 0.04). The results showed that the ECM/BCM and PA parameters were more sensitive than the other parameters. Our findings indicate the importance of further exploration and examination of the problem of time effect examination on particular chronotypes.
NOMOFOBİ VE KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİDE SOSYAL MEDYA BAĞIMLILIĞININ ARACI ROLÜ
Authors: ELİÜŞÜK BÜLBÜL Ayşe
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmada üniversite öğrencilerinin nomofobi, sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve kişilik özellikleri cinsiyet ve yaş değişkenine göre incelenmiştir. Bunun yanında üniversite öğrencilerinin nomofobi düzeylerini açıklayabilmek için sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve kişilik özelliklerini içeren aracı model kurulmuştur. Bu araştırmanın bağımlı değişkeni kişilik özellikleri aracı değişkeni sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve bağımsız değişkeni nomofobidir. Çalışmanın çalışma grubunu Selçuk Üniversitesinde öğrenim görmekte olan formasyon öğrencilerinden oluşturmuştur. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya Selçuk üniversitesi 2021-2022 ve 2022-2023 öğretim yılında eğitim alan formasyon öğrencilerinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılanların %60.2 si(340) kadın %39,8’i Erkek (225)tir. Örneklemin yaşa göre dağılımı ise 20- 24yaş arasındadır yaş ortalaması 22.71(Ss:1,90)’dır. Katılımcıların nomofobi düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla “Nomofobi Ölçeği” sosyal medya bağımlılığını belirlemek amacıyla “Bergen Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği” kişilik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla “Sıfatlara Dayalı Kişilik Testi (SDKT)” ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşa ve cinsiyete göre yapılan t-testleri sonucunda araştırma değişkenleri açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır. Nomofobi ile sosyal medya bağımlılığı arasında yüksek düzeyde pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu durum nomofobi ile sosyal medya bağımlılığı; sosyal medya bağımlılığı ile kişilik özellikleri arasında ve sosyal medya bağımlılığı, kişilik özellikleri arasında pozitif yönde ilişkili olduğu göstermektedir. Çalışmada dolaylı etkinin anlamlılığını test etmek için bootstrapping yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Üniversite öğrencilerinde sosyal medya bağımlılığının, nomofobi ve kişilik özellikleri arasında kısmi aracı role sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Buradan hareketle Üniversite öğrencilerinde sosyal medya bağımlılığının ile kişilik özellikleri ile birlikte nomofobiyi artıracağı söylenebilir. Aynı zamanda kişilik özelliklerinin, sosyal medya bağımlılığını etkilendiği söylenebilir.
Effects of Home-based Remote Cardiac Rehabilitation on Left Ventricular Function and Fear of Exercise in Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI): A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Xizhen Gao  , Lan Zhang  , Chen Zhengbo
Published: December 2023

Aim: This study aims to explore the effects of home-based remote cardiac rehabilitation on left ventricular function and exercise fear in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 232 patients with coronary heart disease after PCI treated in Tianshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the remote rehabilitation group (169 cases) and the routine group (63 cases) according to the exposure factor (home-based remote cardiac rehabilitation). Changes in left ventricular function and sports phobia Tampa Scale in patients with coronary heart disease after PCI were compared using propensity score matching to reduce selection bias and confounding factors. Results: After the intervention, the scores of patients in the tele-rehabilitation group were significantly higher than those in the conventional group in terms of fear of movement, perception of danger, fear of movement, avoidance of movement, and dysfunction (p-value < 0.05). Left heart function was compared between the tele-rehabilitation group and the conventional group. Patients in the tele-rehabilitation group had significantly higher peak mitral valve blood flow in the early diastolic period (E), peak mitral valve blood flow in the late diastolic period (A), six-minute walk test (6MWT), and ratio of the peak mitral valve blood flow in the early diastolic period to the peak mitral valve blood flow in the late diastolic period (E/A) than those in the conventional group (p-value < 0.05). However, the peak deceleration time and isovolumic diastolic time in the early mitral valve diastolic period were significantly higher in the tele-rehabilitation group than in the conventional group (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: Home-based remote cardiac rehabilitation instruction can improve the heart function and exercise fear state of patients after PCI.
Motor and Cognitive Characteristics in Young Music Students
Authors: Álvarez Lorca Ramón
Published: December 2023

This comprehensive study explores the intersection of motor and cognitive development in children, specifically examining their relevance to the initiation of musical education. Drawing on seminal theories and empirical studies by experts such as Seefeldt, Gallahue, Piaget, and others, the research identifies critical developmental stages in children aged 7 to 11. It underscores the importance of fundamental motor skills, highlighting key movements like throwing and hitting an object in relation to hand-eye coordination and mobility. Moreover, the study delves into manual dexterity, indicating its peak development at 8 years and its relevance to instrumental practice. It emphasizes external influences on motor development, elucidating the impact of guidance, practice opportunities, and environmental factors on skill acquisition. Additionally, it examines cognitive development within Piaget's concrete operational stage, showcasing children's emerging capacity for logical thinking and problem-solving. The abstract concludes by affirming that 8-year-old children possess foundational motor skills, cognitive capabilities, and body awareness essential for embarking on instrumental training, thus mitigating concerns regarding their readiness.
sistema de controle interno no Tribunal de Contas do Município de São Paulo
Authors: Castro de Almeida Jeferson , Jerusa de Oliveira Mariana , Pires de Moraes Robson , Evangelista Ferreira Sidneia
Published: December 2023

Este artigo tem por objetivo abordar a importância do Controle Interno para o Tribunal de Contas do Município de São Paulo e propor recomendações de melhorias da gestão pública na Corte de Contas Paulistana. Para abordar essa questão, primeiramente operou-se uma abordagem dos aspectos conceituais e a fundamentação legal acerca do Sistema de Controle Interno. Posteriormente, analisou-se as diretrizes sobre a temática tratada com sua aplicabilidade especificadamente no setor público, especialmente nos Municípios e também as recomendações para sua aplicação nos Tribunais de Contas, sobretudo no Tribunal de Contas do Município de São Paulo. Após, foram examinados a legislação e funcionamento efetivo do Controle Interno nos seguintes Tribunais de Contas: Tribunal de Contas da União, Tribunal de Contas do Estado de São Paulo, Tribunal de Contas do Município do Rio de Janeiro e Tribunal de Contas do Município de São Paulo. Em seguida, foram feitas análises comparativas entre o Tribunal de Contas do Município de São Paulo com os demais Tribunais de Contas para verificar qual o nível de aderência e efetividade das Cortes de Contas, principalmente a da cidade de São Paulo, com o que preceitua a literatura e a legislação. Com base nessas análises, verificou-se que, apesar de formalmente instituído por meio de Resolução no ano de 2015, o Sistema de Controle Interno no Tribunal de Contas do Município de São Paulo não foi implantado.
Capítulo 14: Ephemeroptera Hyatt & Arms, 1891
Authors: da-Silva Elidiomar Ribeiro , Salles Frederico Falcão
Published: December 2023

Os efemerópteros (Fig. 14.1) são conhecidos popularmente como efeméridas, siriruias ou sararás. O grupo tem distribuição mundial, exceto na Antártica, no extremo Ártico e em pequenas ilhas oceânicas. Compreende aproximadamente 4 mil espécies, das quais pouco mais de 400 são registradas no Brasil. Não há uma estimativa do número total de espécies ainda por descrever, mas presume-se a existência de pelo menos o dobro para o mundo e o triplo para o Brasil. São os únicos insetos atuais com dois estádios alados, ou seja, que sofrem muda após o desenvolvimento de asas funcionais. O primeiro é chamado subimago e o segundo, imago ou adulto, sendo esse o estágio reprodutivo (Burks 1975). Para alguns autores, o termo “adulto” é utilizado tanto para as subimagos quanto para as imagos. As mudas do último estádio ninfal para a subimago e, dessa para a imago, são histologicamente homólogas às mudas ninfais (Taylor & Richards 1963).
Capítulo 17: Dermaptera De Geer, 1773
Authors: Heleodoro Raphael Aquino
Published: December 2023

Os nomes comuns dos dermápteros usados no Brasil são tesourinhas e lacrainhas. Formam um grupo relativamente pequeno de insetos e são encontrados em todo o mundo (exceto na Antártica), com dominância nas regiões tropicais. No mundo há cerca de 2.200 espécies descritas, sendo que, para a América do Sul, foram registradas 303 espécies (Haas 2006) e, para o Brasil, 117 espécies distribuídas em 43 gêneros (Heleodoro & Chagas 2022). As estimativas são de cerca de 3.500 para o mundo e 500 para o Brasil.
Capítulo 29: Neuroptera Linnaeus, 1758
Authors: Machado Renato J. P. , Martins Caleb C. , Freitas Sérgio de , Penny Norman D.
Published: December 2023

Duas famílias possuem nomes populares no Brasil: Myrmeleontidae, como formiga-leão, e Chrysopidae, como bicho-lixeiro. É uma ordem cosmopolita com cerca de seis mil espécies (Oswald & Machado 2018), atualmente distribuídas em 15 famílias. Para o Brasil, estão registradas 432 espécies (Machado 2022), contudo a estimativa é que existam cerca de sete mil espécies no mundo e aproximadamente 1000 espécies no Brasil. A ordem possui grande diversidade de estilos de vida e de variações morfológicas, diferenciando-se dos demais insetos pela venação característica, disposta em forma de rede e uma série de características larvais, como o aparelho bucal com as mandíbulas e maxilas em formato de longos estiletes justapostos formando um canal alimentar, intestinos médio e posterior não conectados e túbulos de Malpighi modificados para produção de seda. Vivem em grande variedade de hábitats, como cavernas, buracos e sob cascas de árvores, enterrados no solo, corpos de água doce, florestas, cerrados e em diversos agroecossistemas. Os mantispídeos e raquiberotídeos adultos capturam presas com as pernas anteriores raptoriais, semelhante aos mantódeos. Larvas e adultos de coniopterigídeos, crisopídeos e hemerobiídeos alimentam-se de insetos de corpo mole e são constantemente usados para controle biológico de pragas em cultivos agrícolas.
Capítulo 36: Diptera Linnaeus, 1758
Authors: Carvalho Claudio José Barros de , Rafael José Albertino , Couri Márcia Souto , Riccardi Paula Raile , Silva Vera Cristina , Oliveira Sarah Siqueira de , Lamas Carlos José Einicker
Published: December 2023

A ordem Diptera é composta por insetos comuns com muitas espécies estreitamente relacionadas ao homem e, consequentemente, com elevada importância econômica, seja do ponto de vista médico-veterinário ou agrícola. No Brasil, pela grande extensão territorial e riqueza linguística, receberam uma grande variedade de nomes: moscas e mosquitos são os nomes mais conhecidos e amplamente utilizados, mas outros nomes são aplicados, dependendo do grupo, como mutucas, carapanãs, pernilongos, maruins, mosca-varejeira, mosca-do-berne, mosca-das-frutas, mosquito-palha, piolho da abelha, piuns ou borrachudos referem-se a grupos particulares de famílias dentro da ordem.
MATERNAL PREGNANCY OUTCOMES IN WOMEN WITH CARDIOMYOPATHY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Hilman Feisal , Subhakti M Alvian , Prabowo Rafik
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Pregnancy poses significant cardiovascular challenges, affecting 1 to 4 of pregnancies due to maternal heart disease. Cardiomyopathies, leading indirect causes of maternal mortality globally, raise concerns during pregnancy, despite limited data on their impact and the accuracy of predictive scores like Carpreg and Zahara.  Maternal heart disease, comprising hypertensive disorders and cardiomyopathies, presents substantial risks during pregnancies, driving increased maternal mortality rates. The evolving landscape, marked by improved survival in congenital heart disease and delayed pregnancies with associated comorbidities, necessitates a more nuanced understanding and comprehensive predictive models for tailored care during pregnancy.
Methods: The researchers in this study followed the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure that their work met the required standards. This was done to ensure the precision and reliability of the conclusions derived from the research.
Result: Our search produced 15  results. After looking at the titles and summaries, we found 11  papers that fit our criteria. At first, we excluded several articles because they were written in review and case report style. But after reading the full papers carefully, we included five papers in our final analysis. These papers included prospective and retrospective studies.
Conclusion: The investigation of pregnant women in Canadian obstetric centers unveiled that cardiac issues affect 16 of pregnancies, primarily with arrhythmias and heart failure, even in lower-risk cases, with complications emerging before birth. The study's precision in evaluating pregnancy-related cardiac risks, leading to a new CARPREG II risk index and emphasizing tailored surveillance and timely referrals, was notable. The ROPAC registry highlighted higher maternal mortality rates, stressing vigilant management throughout pregnancy and after delivery, emphasizing the necessity for specialized care and research advancements in this field.
Light in the Horizon: A Perspective on Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: G Pratibha
Published: December 2023

Dental treatment, in general, has been associated with fear and anxiety. The prospect of undergoing a painful experience compels many prospective patients to postpone his/her dental appointment. A previous occurrence of the distressful event has often left patients traumatized. Repeated visits for follow-up treatments also serve as a deterrent for seeking dental consultation. Alternative methods need exploration to mitigate such inconveniences. Photodynamic therapy is emerging as an extension of dental therapeutic options with the benefits of improved treatment outcomes and patient acceptability. The present narrative review explores its applications in general dentistry and highlights its potential in the periodontal discipline. Being minimally invasive, it offers promise in pain-free management of dental conditions, particularly infections. It has relevance in managing oral mucosal lesions, periodontitis, and dental caries. Current evidence suggests photodynamic therapy as an adjuvant to contemporary measures of dental rehabilitation.
La intervención adulta determina el desarrollo de las destrezas científicas en la etapa de infantil
Authors: Napal Fraile María , Vázquez Bienzobas Lara
Published: December 2023

Los niños y niñas de edad preescolar alcanzan cierto dominio de las destrezas procedimentales científicas (SPS) al exponerse a contextos de aprendizaje ricos, donde la intervención adulta resulta determinante. Por ese motivo, esta investigación evaluó el impacto de diferentes estilos de intervención adulta en el aprendizaje y la participación de alumnado de infantil en tareas científicas destinadas a fomentar las SPS. 42 niños y niñas de 4 a 6 años se dividieron en tres grupos y participaron en actividades científicas bajo diferentes estilos de intervención adulta: liderazgo infantil, liderazgo adulto o exploración guiada. El grupo de liderazgo adulto demostró una comprensión más detallada de los conceptos, mientras que el de exploración guiada mejoró significativamente sus SPS básicas. La intervención con liderazgo infantil tuvo resultados menos favorables. Las preguntas formuladas por los adultos desempeñaron un papel fundamental, impulsando al alumnado a centrar su atención y encontrar soluciones, y resultando en respuestas más precisas y completas.
Early childhood educators' self-efficacy, science perceptions, and professional development experiences in the Southeastern U.S. and Catalonia
Authors: Grist Cathy Lauren , Caudle Lori A. , Quesada-Pallarés Carla , Thompson Hannah R.
Published: December 2023

Prior research has found relationships between science-based professional development (PD) and early childhood educators’ self-efficacy, perceptions of science education, and challenges they experience implementing activities. However, there is limited understanding of how these connections differ across international contexts. This study explored differences between early childhood educators from Catalonia, Spain, and the Southeastern U.S. regarding science perceptions, experiences, and engagement in PD. A total of 396 early childhood educators from Catalonia (Spain), and the Southeastern U.S. completed the P-TABS Questionnaire. T-test and Pearson's correlations found U.S. educators were more comfortable teaching science and Spain educators engaged in more PD. Across all participants, educators with more experience or those with more PD were more comfortable teaching science and had fewer challenges. Further, participants who engaged in more PD perceived more benefits to children. Implications for future research include examining these differences through qualitative methods.
Usefulness of sectional images in dural AVF for the interpretation of venous anatomy
Authors: Kang Myongjin , Kim Sanghyeon
Published: December 2023

Knowledge of the venous anatomy is essential for appropriately treating dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). It is challenging to determine the overall venous structure despite performing selective angiography for dural AVFs with feeder from multiple selected arteries. This is because only a part of the veins can be observed through the shunt in the selected artery. Therefore, after performing selective angiography of all vessels to understand the approximate venous anatomy, the venous anatomy can be easily understood by closely examining the source image of computed tomographic angiography or magnetic resonance angiography. Through this, it is possible to specify the vein that is to be blocked (target embolization), thereby avoiding extensive blocking of the vein and avoiding various complications. In the case of dural AVF with feeder from single selected artery, if the multiplanar reconstruction image of the three-dimensional rotational computed tomography obtained by performing angiography is analyzed thoroughly, a shunted pouch can be identified. If embolization is performed by targeting this area, unnecessary sinus total packing can be avoided.
Non-invasive real-time genomic monitoring of the critically endangered kākāpō
Authors: Urban Lara , Miller Allison K , Eason Daryl , Vercoe Deidre , Shaffer Megan , Wilkinson Shaun P , Jeunen Gert-Jan , Gemmell Neil J , Digby Andrew
Published: December 2023

We used non-invasive real-time genomic approaches to monitor one of the last surviving populations of the critically endangered kākāpō (Strigops habroptilus). We first established an environmental DNA metabarcoding protocol to identify the distribution of kākāpō and other vertebrate species in a highly localized manner using soil samples. Harnessing real-time nanopore sequencing and the high-quality kākāpō reference genome, we then extracted species-specific DNA from soil. We combined long read-based haplotype phasing with known individual genomic variation in the kākāpō population to identify the presence of individuals, and confirmed these genomically informed predictions through detailed metadata on kākāpō distributions. This study shows that individual identification is feasible through nanopore sequencing of environmental DNA, with important implications for future efforts in the application of genomics to the conservation of rare species, potentially expanding the application of real-time environmental DNA research from monitoring species distribution to inferring fitness parameters such as genomic diversity and inbreeding.
The involvement of the human prefrontal cortex in the emergence of visual awareness
Authors: Fang Zepeng , Dang Yuanyuan , Ling Zhipei , Han Yongzheng , Zhao Hulin , Xu Xin , Zhang Mingsha
Published: December 2023

Exploring the neural mechanisms of awareness is a fundamental task of cognitive neuroscience. There is an ongoing dispute regarding the role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the emergence of awareness, which is partially raised by the confound between report- and awareness-related activity. To address this problem, we designed a visual awareness task that can minimize report-related motor confounding. Our results show that saccadic latency is significantly shorter in the aware trials than in the unaware trials. Local field potential (LFP) data from 6 patients consistently show early (200-300 ms) awareness-related activity in the PFC, including event-related potential and high-gamma activity. Moreover, the awareness state can be reliably decoded by the neural activity in the PFC since the early stage, and the neural pattern is dynamically changed rather than being stable during the representation of awareness. Furthermore, the enhancement of dynamic functional connectivity, through the phase modulation at low frequency, between the PFC and other brain regions in the early stage of the awareness trials may explain the mechanism of conscious access. These results indicate that the PFC is critically involved in the emergence of awareness.
Bridging the gap between presynaptic hair cell function and neural sound encoding
Authors: Jaime Tobón Lina María , Moser Tobias
Published: December 2023

Neural diversity can expand the encoding capacity of a circuitry. A striking example of diverse structure and function is presented by the afferent synapses between inner hair cells (IHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the cochlea. Presynaptic active zones at the pillar IHC side activate at lower IHC potentials than those of the modiolar side that have more presynaptic Ca2+ channels. The postsynaptic SGNs differ in their spontaneous firing rates, sound thresholds, and operating ranges. While a causal relationship between synaptic heterogeneity and neural response diversity seems likely, experimental evidence linking synaptic and SGN physiology has remained difficult to obtain. Here, we aimed at bridging this gap by ex vivo paired recordings of murine IHCs and postsynaptic SGN boutons with stimuli and conditions aimed to mimic those of in vivo SGN characterization. Synapses with high spontaneous rate of release (SR) were found predominantly on the pillar side of the IHC. These high SR synapses had larger and more temporally compact spontaneous EPSCs, lower voltage thresholds, tighter coupling of Ca2+ channels and vesicular release sites, shorter response latencies, and higher initial release rates. This study indicates that synaptic heterogeneity in IHCs directly contributes to the diversity of spontaneous and sound-evoked firing of SGNs.
Doubt about the Common Will of Contracting Parties as a Path to Judicial Jurisprudence in Iraqi and Tunisian Legislation: A Comparative Study
Authors: Abdullah Ibrahim Khaled , Al-Hamedi Fathi , Ibrahim Ziad Tariq
Published: December 2023

The contract is a tool for exchanging interests between the parties, and when it is concluded between them, each party is obligated to implement the obligations contained in it without increase or decrease in accordance with the principle of the contract, the law of the contracting parties, which is considered one of the results of the principle of the authority of the will, and that this will is the source of the binding force of the contract, so the basis in The issue of contract formation is that the contracting parties have complete freedom to determine the subject of the rights and obligations between them as long as it does not violate public order, public morals, and peremptory rules in the law, in addition to not affecting the interest of one of the contracting parties at the expense of the other contracting party. It is not fair for the content of the contract to be determined based on The will of one party over another, as the idea of contracting must express the common will of the contracting parties, which must be free from any defect of will, which in turn leads to no disparity in the rights and privileges of one party at the expense of another, and then the contract has been taken into account. A manifestation of contractual balance through contractual balance through balance and equality between the contracting parties in terms of the rights and obligations that the contract assigned to its parties. Under the title of interpretation of the contract and the semantic disclosure of the contractual content, it was mentioned under the title of Chapter (513) of the Tunisian Journal of Obligations and Contracts, in which it was stated: “If the words of the books are clear, then the meaning does not matter.” Chapter (515) of the magazine also stated that: “The lesson is in Expression through purposes, not apparent words and structures.” Likewise, what is stated with the same meaning in the text of Article (155) of the Iraqi Civil Code, which states: “1- What matters in contracts is the purposes and meanings, not the words and buildings. 2- The principle in speech is the truth, but if the truth is not possible, it becomes metaphorical.” However, ambiguity may occur in the contract when the phrases used do not express the common will of the contracting parties. This is in the event that the phrases of the contract are unclear and surrounded by ambiguity and contradiction. This case shows the need to interpret the contract with the aim of arriving at the common will of the contracting parties. If this is not possible, the general rule is It indicates that doubt is interpreted in the interest of the debtor, and we will discuss this rule with all its terms and conditions in this research.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Semi- g precompactness
Authors: Manhi Afkar Kareem
Published: December 2023

In this research, we present the concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy semi-ℊpreopen set explained by gradation of openness. We defined intuitionistic fuzzy semi-ℊcompact, also we present almost semi-ℊcompact.
Barriers to Family Building Among Physicians and Medical Students
Authors: King Zoe , Zhang Qiang , Liang Jane W. , Levy Morgan S. , Plowden Torie C. , Jeelani Roohi , Marshall Ariela L. , Barnett Rebecca , Caban-Martinez Alberto J. , Brown Alyssa , Mueller Claudia M. , Brown-Johnson Cati , Salles Arghavan
Published: December 2023

Importance

Physicians and medical students who desire to build families face significant barriers due to the structure and culture of medicine.

Objective

To understand the barriers and facilitators to family building for all people in medicine—not only individuals who can become pregnant—through an open-ended, qualitative analysis of survey responses.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This qualitative study used a survey conducted in April and May 2021 with a broad sample of physicians and medical students. Participants were recruited through social media, targeting physician and medical student communities. Physicians (residents, fellows, and physicians in independent practice) and medical students of all gender identities and sexual orientations were included. Informed by a postpositivist approach, coding reliability thematic analysis was performed on 3 open-ended survey questions on family-building experiences (what they would do differently, what advice they have for others, and anything else they wished to share).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Identified themes were mapped to the social-ecological model, a model used in public health to examine how a spectrum of factors is associated with health outcomes.

Results

A total of 2025 people (1860 [92%] women; 299 [15%] Asian, 151 [8%] Black, and 1303 [64%] White; 1730 [85%] heterosexual; and 1200 [59%] physicians who had completed training) responded to at least 1 of 3 open-ended questions. Themes mapped to social-ecological model levels included: (1) cultural, eg, medical training being at odds with family building; (2) organizational, eg, lack of institutional support for the range of family-building routes; (3) interpersonal, eg, impact of social support on family building; and (4) individual, eg, socioeconomic status and other individual factors that facilitate or inhibit family building. Recommendations to improve family-building experiences include implementing family-building curricula at medical schools, providing adequate parental leave for all physicians and medical students who become parents, and providing insurance coverage for all family-building routes.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this qualitative study of physicians and medical students, self-reported barriers to family building were identified at each level of the social-ecological model. Addressing these barriers is critical to creating a more equitable family-building environment for physicians and medical students.
Risk of Falls and Fractures in Individuals With Cataract, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, or Glaucoma
Authors: Tsang Jung Yin , Wright Alison , Carr Matthew J. , Dickinson Christine , Harper Robert A. , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Van Staa Tjeerd , Munford Luke , Blakeman Thomas , Ashcroft Darren M.
Published: December 2023

Importance

Three leading disease causes of age-related visual loss are cataract, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and glaucoma. Although all 3 eye diseases have been implicated with falls and fracture risk, evidence is mixed, with the contribution of different eye diseases being uncertain.

Objective

To examine whether people with cataract, AMD, or glaucoma have higher risks of falls or fractures than those without.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study was a population-based study in England using routinely collected electronic health records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD and Aurum primary care databases with linked hospitalization and mortality records from 2007 to 2020. Participants were people with cataract, AMD, or glaucoma matched to comparators (1:5) by age, sex, and general practice. Data were analyzed from May 2021 to June 2023.

Exposures

For each eye disease, we estimated the risk of falls or fractures using separate multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Main Outcomes

Two primary outcomes were incident falls and incident fractures derived from general practice, hospital, and mortality records. Secondary outcomes were incident fractures of specific body sites.

Results

A total of 410 476 people with cataract, 75 622 with AMD, and 90 177 with glaucoma were matched (1:5) to 2 034 194 (no cataract), 375 548 (no AMD), and 448 179 (no glaucoma) comparators. The mean (SD) age was 73.8 (11.0) years, 79.4 (9.4) years, and 69.8 (13.1) years for participants with cataract, AMD, or glaucoma, respectively. Compared with comparators, there was an increased risk of falls in those with cataract (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.35-1.38), AMD (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.23-1.27), and glaucoma (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.35-1.41). Likewise for fractures, there were increased risks in all eye diseases, with an HR of 1.28 (95% CI, 1.27-1.30) in the cataract cohort, an HR of 1.18 (95% CI, 1.15-1.21) for AMD, and an HR of 1.31 (95% CI, 1.27-1.35) for glaucoma. Site-specific fracture analyses revealed increases in almost all body sites (including hip, spine, forearm, skull or facial bones, pelvis, ribs or sternum, and lower leg fractures) compared with matched comparators.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this study support recognition that people with 1 or more of these eye diseases are at increased risk of both falls and fractures. They may benefit from improved advice, access, and referrals to falls prevention services.
Mechanical and Electrical Properties of 3D‐Printed Highly Conductive Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polylactic Acid Composite
Authors: Choi Hyung Woo , Cox Alex , Mofarah Hamed Mohammadi , Jabbour Ghassan
Published: December 2023

A conductive network of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) overlaying on a lightweight polymeric scaffold can offer notable electrical properties while maintaining the same mechanical properties as a similar feature without rGO layer. However, conventional methods are unable to produce customized architecture with controllable electronic and mechanical properties. Herein, a simple methodology for preparing objects of complex geometries by 3D printing that possesses the capability to exhibit a diverse spectrum of conductivity levels depending upon the dip‐coating process is reported. The versatile two‐step process is beneficial to create highly conductive objects as low as 100 Ω sq−1 and lightweight rGO networks. Alternative to inkjet printing and direct fluid dispensing methods, the fabrication method for 3D rGO networks provides the opportunity to combine material selection and advanced printing techniques, thus achieving desired performance criteria at a low cost. Simple fabrication techniques for robust 3D rGO networks hold promise for designing objects with unique properties, offering both high resistance to external mechanical force and uniform internal electronic properties.
Magnetic Bacteriophage‐Engineered Janus Micromotors for Selective Bacteria Capture and Detection
Authors: Cuntín‐Abal Carmen , Bujalance‐Fernández Javier , Yuan Kaisong , Arribi Ana , Jurado‐Sánchez Beatriz , Escarpa Alberto
Published: December 2023

Herein, T4‐bacteriophage‐funcionalizated magnetic Janus micromotors are used for the first time for highly selective Escherichia coli (E. coli) recognition and detection. The micromotors propel at speeds of up to 40 µm s−1 in complex biological samples for on‐the‐fly capture of E. coli “strain B”‐thiolated T4 bacteriophage complex. Detection is achieved by a simplified colorimetric readout in connection with gold nanoparticles. The detection limit meets the cut‐off for the fast diagnosis of urinary tract infections. The bacteriophage‐engineered micromotors are tested on bacteria isolated from urine samples and in serum isolated from negative blood cultures from hospital patients with excellent selectivity and reliability. The new strategy described here holds considerable promise for the multiplexed detection of a myriad of bacteria strains using tailored bacteriophages. Technically, this is the first microplate‐reader integrated micromotor approach, crossing another bridge from the research lab to the practical use of micromotors. Specifically, these results represent a qualitative step forward in the use of micromotor technology with sophisticated functionalization for fast bacteria screening in clinical settings.
Capacity and Energy Efficiency of TeraHertz Surface Wave Interconnects
Authors: Qing Jie , Navarro‐Cía Miguel
Published: December 2023

The potential of geometrically induced terahertz surface wave technology for communications can only be realized if communication links based on them are studied and benchmarked. The frequency‐dependent transmission characteristics of interconnects based on three different archetypal textured surfaces (namely, gratings, dominos, nails) are analyzed numerically and the impact of the geometry and realistic surface roughness on the maximum capacity and energy efficiency is quantified. Unlike conventional hollow waveguides, the analysis shows that the capacity of uncoated corrugated surfaces is limited by loss and not dispersion. This work provides the guidelines for the design of terahertz surface wave interconnects.
Concentration of clarified pool by single‐pass tangential flow filtration to improve productivity of protein A capture step: Impact of clarification strategies
Authors: Rahane Santosh B. , Gupta Akshat , Szymanski Philip , Kinzlmaier Dana , McGee Patrick , Goodrich Elizabeth
Published: December 2023

Protein A capture chromatography remains a high‐cost and relatively low‐productivity step for downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies. As bioprocessing transitions toward intensified processes, maximizing the efficiency of individual steps is key to achieving economic targets. This study was performed to assess the impact of inline concentration of clarified cell culture fluid (CCF), using single‐pass tangential flow filtration, on protein A chromatography purification productivity. CCF with varying levels of impurities and turbidity were obtained dependent upon the clarification method. These CCFs were concentrated and processed over a protein A capture step. Productivity increases of 1.8‐ to 2.6‐fold were achieved as compared to a protein A capture step with no CCF concentration. Achieving such targeted improvements requires careful consideration of the multiple components in the clarification strategy before implementation.
Potentially functional genetic variants in ferroptosis‐related CREB3 and GALNT14 genes predict survival of hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhan Shicheng , Qiu Moqin , Wei Xueyan , Wei Junjie , Qin Liming , Jiang Binbin , Wen Qiuping , Chen Peiqin , Lin Qiuling , Wei Xiaoxia , Zhou Zihan , Jiang Yanji , Liang Xiumei , Li Runwei , Liu Yingchun , Yu Hongping
Published: December 2023

Background

Ferroptosis is a known crucial player in the development of cancers. However, the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ferroptosis‐related genes on survival in hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV‐HCC) patients remains unknown.

Methods

We used two‐stage multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to estimate the associations between 48,774 SNPs in 480 ferroptosis‐related genes and overall survival (OS) of 866 HBV‐HCC patients.

Results

We identified that two potentially functional SNPs (CREB3 rs10814274 C > T and GALNT14 rs17010547 T > C) were significantly independently associated with the OS of HBV‐HCC patients (CT + TT verse CC, hazards ratio (HR) = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.67–0.89, p < 0.001 for rs10814274 and TC + CC verse TT, HR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.53–0.82, p < 0.001 for rs17010547, respectively). Additional joint assessment of protective genotypes of these two SNPs showed that patients with 1–2 protective genotypes had a significantly better OS compared with those carrying 0 protective genotypes (HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.45–0.70, p < 0.001). Moreover, the expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis revealed that the survival‐associated SNP rs10814274 T allele was significantly correlated with reduced CREB3 transcript levels in both normal liver tissues and whole blood cells, while the GALNT14 rs17010547 C allele had a significant correlation with increased GALNT14 transcript levels in whole blood cells.

Conclusion

These results suggest that genetic variants of CREB3 and GALNT14 may affect the survival of HBV‐HCC patients, likely via transcriptional regulation of respective genes. However, further studies are required to confirm these findings.