bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A lightweight and secure online/offline cross-domain authentication scheme for VANET systems in Industrial IoT
Authors: Khalid Haqi , Hashim Shaiful Jahari , Ahmad Sharifah Mumtazah Syed , Hashim Fazirulhisyam , Akmal Chaudhary Muhammad
Published: December 2021

In heterogeneous wireless networks, the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is an essential contributor to increasing productivity and effectiveness. However, in various domains, such as industrial wireless scenarios, small cell domains, and vehicular ad hoc networks, an efficient and stable authentication algorithm is required (VANET). Specifically, IoT vehicles deal with vast amounts of data transmitted between VANET entities in different domains in such a large-scale environment. Also, crossing from one territory to another may have the connectivity services down for a while, leading to service interruption because it is pervasive in remote areas and places with multipath obstructions. Hence, it is vulnerable to specific attacks (e.g., replay attacks, modification attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, and insider attacks), making the system inefficient. Also, high processing data increases the computation and communication cost, leading to an increased workload in the system. Thus, to solve the above issues, we propose an online/offline lightweight authentication scheme for the VANET cross-domain system in IIoT to improve the security and efficiency of the VANET. The proposed scheme utilizes an efficient AES-RSA algorithm to achieve integrity and confidentiality of the message. The offline joining is added to avoid remote network intrusions and the risk of network service interruptions. The proposed work includes two different significant goals to achieve first, then secure message on which the data is transmitted and efficiency in a cryptographic manner. The Burrows Abdi Needham (BAN logic) logic is used to prove that this scheme is mutually authenticated. The system’s security has been tested using the well-known AVISPA tool to evaluate and verify its security formally. The results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the ID-CPPA, AAAS, and HCDA schemes by 53%, 55%, and 47% respectively in terms of computation cost, and 65%, 83%, and 40% respectively in terms of communication cost.
Taxonomic evaluation of Xylodon (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) in Korea and sequence verification of the corresponding species in GenBank
Authors: Cho Yoonhee , Kim Ji Seon , Dai Yu-Cheng , Gafforov Yusufjon , Lim Young Woon
Published: December 2021

Genus Xylodon consists of white-rot fungi that grow on both angiosperms and gymnosperms. With resupinate and adnate basidiomes, Xylodon species have been classified into other resupinate genera for a long time. Upon the integration of molecular assessments, the taxonomy of the genus has been revised multiple times over the years. However, the emendations were poorly reflected in studies and public sequence databases. In the present study, the genus Xylodon in Korea was evaluated using molecular and morphological analyses of 172 specimens collected in the period of 2011 to 2018. The host types and geographical distributions were also determined for species delimitation. Furthermore, public sequences that correspond to the Xylodon species in Korea were assessed to validate their identities. Nine Xylodon species were identified in Korea, with three species new to the country. Morphological differentiation and identification of some species were challenging, but all nine species were clearly divided into well-resolved clades in the phylogenetic analyses. Detailed species descriptions, phylogeny, and a key to Xylodon species in Korea are provided in the present study. A total of 646 public ITS and nrLSU sequences corresponding to the nine Xylodon species were found, each with 404 (73.1%) and 57 (61.3%) misidentified or labeled with synonymous names. In many cases, sequences released before the report of new names have not been revised or updated. Revisions of these sequences are arranged in the present study. These amendments may be used to avoid the misidentification of future sequence-based identifications and concurrently prevent the accumulation of misidentified sequences in GenBank.
Management of Extra-articular Proximal- third Tibia Fractures by Expert Tibia Nail and its Functional Outcome: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Mohammad Faisal A Saleem , Patil Sumeet Sharad , Kumar Vikram , Mandal Sourav , Bhelke Parag Sevakram
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Tibia, being anatomically placed subcutaneously throughout its length, is very prone to fractures. Incidence of extra-articular proximal tibia fractures accounts for 5-11% of all tibia shaft fractures. Among the various treatment modalities available, locked intramedullary nailing is a safe and adequate modality with fewer complications. Expert tibia nail is anatomically designed with multi-directional locking, which attains better angular stability and thereby allowing fixation of very proximal fractures. Aim: To analyse and assess the functional and radiological outcome of expert tibia nailing used for treating extra-articular proximal-third tibia fractures. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted for a duration of three years and five months, which included 31 patients. Standard descriptive statistical method was used to describe parameters. All these patients had extra-articular proximal- third tibia fractures and were managed with expert tibia nail. All patients underwent clinical and radiological evaluation based on the Klemm and Borner scoring system at a regular interval of six weeks, three months, six months, and at one year. Results: The most common mode of injury was road traffic accidents (80.64%). Patients were in the age group of 26-63 years with an average mean of 41.80±9.7 years. The male to female ratio was 4.16:1, suggestive of male predominance. According to the Klemm and Borner scoring system, 71.42% of patients belonged to the excellent group, 17.85% were in good, 7.14% in fair and 3.57% in poor. Radiological union was achieved in an average period of 20.9±2.09 weeks. Conclusion: In this study, scores obtained on the basis of Klemm and Borner scoring system, depicts that intramedullary expert tibia nailing is a good treatment modality for the management of extra-articular proximal-third tibia fractures, which provides good angular stability and adequate fixation resulting in early rehabilitation and union with excellent functional outcome and mere complications. It is also a safer treatment modality in case of compromised surrounding soft tissue.
Paediatric Blood Lead Levels and its Correlation with Anaemia: A Study from Central India
Authors: Banga Usha , Sharma Pawan Kumar , Gupta Jyoti , Banga Ashok , Agrawal Puneet , Mehta Abhishek , Gupta Rajesh
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Lead is a toxic element used commonly in many products like lead-acid batteries, paints, toys etc. Young children are particularly vulnerable to lead poisoning because of higher absorption capacity in comparison of adults. Safe level of lead exposure has to be established yet. Literature suggests a threshold lead level of 20-40 μg/dL for a decrease in haemoglobin in children. Aim: To assess the correlation between Blood Lead Levels (BLL) and anaemia in children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a Paediatric Tertiary Care Hospital of Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India, during the period of May 2019 to September 2020. A 81 children between one to five years of age were included in study. Information was collected regarding general profile of the children and other parameters like socio- economic status (Modified Kuppuswamy scale), history of pica, application of surma, type of toys used, scholastic performance and somatic symptoms. Routine blood investigations were done including Haemoglobin (Hb) and BLL through venous blood sampling. BLL were done at Defense Research and Development Establishment (DRDE) Gwalior. Data entry was done in Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Chi-square test with Yates correlation was applied and p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 81 study subjects, 53 were males and 28 were females. Total 48 (59.2%) children had Hb <11 gm/dL, 42 (51.8%) children had BLL <5 μg/dL and 32 (39.5%) had BLL between 5-10 μg/dL. There were 9% children (n=7) with BLL more than 10 μg/dL and none beyond 15 μg/dL. In the children it was found to have BLL ≥5 μg/dL, 20 children had Hb levels between 7-11 gm/dL whereas 19 had Hb levels above 11 gm/ dL. No statistically significant association was found between the BLL and childhood anaemia. Conclusion: This study did not show any relationship between BLL and Hb in children of age one to five years. Scarcity of diagnostic tools for detecting BLL and lack of public awareness regarding the probable sources of lead and its complications may result in missing the diagnosis.
Correlation of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Determined Infarct Volume with Clinically Assessed National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in Patients of Acute Stroke: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kataria Bhavya , Mehra Shibani
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Infarct volume is an essential factor in predicting patient prognosis. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHS) allows consistent reporting of neurological deficits in stroke patients. Limited studies have been done in the Indian population correlating the volume of infarct and the NIHS Scale. Aim: To correlate the Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DW-MRI) assessed infarct volume with the clinically assessed NIHS to prognosticate clinical outcomes in patients of acute stroke. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study comprising 36 patients of acute stroke with a study duration from November 2017 to April 2019. Diffusion-Weighted MRI was obtained on Siemens Magnetom 3 Tesla, and diffusion restriction on b=1000 image was measured with a Region of Interest (ROI) tool using manual contouring in each slice. Assessment of the neurological deficit was done by NIHS scale at the time of admission and 7 days post admission for each patient. Correlation of the infarct volume with NIHS Scale was done with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) was used to predict cut-off of the volume of infarct and NIHS Scale to predict adverse patient outcome. Results: Present study consisted of 36 patients of acute stroke with a mean age of 52.05±18.53 years. The minimum age of the patient was one year, and the maximum age was 78 years. There was a statistically significant correlation between the volume of infarct and NIHS Scale at time of admission admission (p=0.001; r=0.807) and the NIHS Scale at one week (p=0.002; r=0.602).The Area Under the Curve (AUC) for a cut-off of 115 cc of the volume of infarct in predicting adverse patient outcomes was 0.931, whereas that for the NIHS scale of 20 was 0.998. Conclusion: Volume of infarct of 115 cc and NIHS Scale of 20 are excellent as prognostic tools in predicting patient outcome and have comparable efficacy.
A Study of Anatomical Pattern of Inferior Phrenic Artery using Multidetector CT
Authors: Singh Anil Kumar , Gupta Archna , Neyaz Zafar , Mishra Prabhakar
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Inferior Phrenic Artery (IPA), though a small artery, is important from several points of view. Apart from being arterial supply to normal structures, it is also involved in many pathological conditions such as tumours, haemoptysis, gastroesophageal bleeding and traumatic conditions where interventional radiology or surgery play an important role in management. A preprocedure idea about variations in its anatomical pattern may help better treatment planning and minimise morbidity. Aim: To study variations in anatomical pattern of IPA in terms of vessel of origin, vertebral level of origin and diameter of IPA using Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT). Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. A retrospective analysis of CT angiography or Triple phase CT abdomen studies of 200 adult patients (M:F 119:81) performed during December 2020 to April 2021 was done to look for anatomical pattern variations in IPA. Vessel of origin and level of origin were recorded. Diameters of IPAs were also recorded and statistical analysis was done. Results: Common Inferior Phrenic Artery (CIPA) was seen in 23% cases, with independent Right and Left Inferior Phrenic artery (RIPA and LIPA) in remaining 77%. Vessels of origin for CIPA were aorta (n=27; 58.7%), celiac trunk (n=16; 34.8%) and right Main Renal Artery (right MRA) (n=3; 6.5%); for RIPA, celiac trunk (n=69; 44.8%), aorta (n=57; 37.01%), right MRA (n=23;14.94%), Left Gastric Artery (LGA) (n=5; 3.25%), and for LIPA, celiac trunk (n=97; 63%), aorta (n=53; 34.4%), left MRA (n=2; 1.3%) and LGA (n=2; 1.3%), respectively. Level of origin from aorta for RIPA was L1>T12>T12/L1 disc>others; LIPA, T12>T12/L1>L1>others; celiac trunk, T12>L1>T12/L1 disc>others. Mean diameters of apparently normal RIPA and LIPA were 1.75 mm and 1.76 mm, respectively. Conclusion: The most common vessels of origin for CIPA, RIPA and LIPA were abdominal aorta (58.7%), celiac trunk (44.8%) and celiac trunk (63%), respectively. The predominant vertebral levels of origin for CIPA, RIPA and LIPA arising from aorta were T12, L1, and T12 respectively, and for celiac trunk T12. The mean diameter of IPA was found to be greatest in cirrhotic group followed by chronic pancreatitis and apparently normal IPA group, but not statistically significant. These can be efficiently and readily demonstrated by CT angiography or arterial phase of multiphasic CT study.
АТОМНО-СЛОЕВОЕ ОСАЖДЕНИЕ ТОНКИХ ПЛЕНОК ДИОКСИДА КРЕМНИЯ ДЛЯ МИКРО- И НАНОЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ. Часть 3. Процессы с азотсодержащими предшественниками, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Васильев В.Ю.
Published: December 2021

В третьей части обзора проанализированы процессы атомно-слоевого осаждения тонких пленок диоксида кремния с использованием азотсодержащих реагентов-предшественников с термической и плазменной активацией. Обсуждаются схемы роста, состав и свойства слоев, проблемы характеризации и перспективы промышленного применения процессов.
КОНЦЕНТРАЦИЯ НАПРЯЖЕНИЙ В МЕЗОПОРИСТЫХ СТРУКТУРАХ НА ОСНОВЕ КРЕМНИЯ С АДСОРБИРОВАННОЙ ВОДОЙ В ИНТЕРВАЛЕ ТЕМПЕРАТУР 233–273 К, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Бардушкин В.В. , Шиляева Ю.И. , Кочетыгов А.А. , Дронов А.А.
Published: December 2021

Построена теоретическая модель прогнозирования значений компонент тензора (оператора) концентрации напряжений в мезопористых структурах на основе кремния с адсорбированной водой в интервале температур 233–273 К. Проведены численные модельные расчеты и исследованы зависимости значений компонент указанного тензора от объемного содержания воды в матрице пористого кремния.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И КОНСТРУКЦИИ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ СБИС СОЗУ С ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИМ УРОВНЕМ 90 НМ ДЛЯ БОРТОВОЙ КОСМИЧЕСКОЙ АППАРАТУРЫ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Шелепин Н. А.
Published: December 2021

Рассмотрены проблемы, возникшие при разработке СБИС СОЗУ для бортовой космической аппаратуры на основе КМОП технологии с уровнем 90 нм. СОЗУ 16 Мбит, разработанное на основе лицензированной базовой технологии и правил проектирования имело весьма низкую устойчивость к воздействию одиночных космических частиц. Величина линейных потерь энергии (ЛПЭ) составила всего 3 МэВ · см/мг (т.е. защелка наступала от самой маленькой частицы – Ne). При помощи компьютерного моделирования были разработаны новые правила проектирования и осуществлено проектирование новой микросхемы. В результате значение ЛПЭ составило 80 МэВ · см/мг (т.е. максимального значения, которое могло быть получено при испытаниях – воздействие Xe). При этом температурный диапазон увеличен до +125 градусов и напряжение питания изменено с 2,5 до 3,3 В. Т.о. экспериментально показана возможность создания и производства СБИС высокой степени интеграции, соответствующих требованиям бортовой космической аппаратуры на основе базовой технологии уровня 90 нм, освоенной в ПАО «Микрон».
ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ЗАДАЧИ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯМИ БАЗОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ МИКРОЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Панасюк В.Н. , Королева А.Н. , Игнатов П. В. , Шипицин Д.С.
Published: December 2021

Статья посвящена актуальным вопросам необходимости управления изменениями базовых технологий. Авторами выделяются особенности управления изменениями при реализации базовых технологий на основании обобщения практического опыта, приведены данные об изменениях, идентифицированы основные риски, их влияние на макропроцесс проектирования и производства СБИС, предложены способы управления рисками для повышения результативности создания новой продукции.
ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ И ИНЖЕНЕРНЫЙ РАСЧЕТ ТЕПЛОВЫХ И ПРОЧНОСТНЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО МИКРОМОДУЛЯ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Погалов А.И. , Титов А.Ю. , Долговых Ю.Г.
Published: December 2021

Разработан ряд моделей функционального микромодуля с конечно-элементной дискретизацией. Показано, что самым напряженным материалом сборки является клеевой шов и кристалл кремния. Даны рекомендации по проектированию и выбору конструктивно-технологических параметров соединений микромодуля для решения задач эффективного теплоотвода, устойчивости к термоциклическим нагрузкам, расширению функциональных возможностей.
ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ НАДЁЖНОСТИ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫХ МИКРОСХЕМ. Часть 1. Принципы обеспечения качества и надёжности в промышленной технологии производства ИС, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Горнев Е.С.
Published: December 2021

Рассмотрены базовые принципы обеспечения качества и надёжности микросхем на основе уменьшения дефектности, выявления причинных факторов, влияющих на бесперебойное функционирование производства и скрытых отказов, использования статистических методов контроля технологического процесса и продукции, анализа техпроцесса производства по тестовым ячейкам. Показано, что ввиду того, что дефекты, воздействующие на выход годных и надёжность, имеют одну и ту же первопричину, увеличение выхода годных за счет снижения дефектов будет повышать и надёжность. Представлены некоторые результаты работ НИИМЭ и завода Микрон по повышению качества и надёжности создаваемых интегральных микросхем.
ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ И ТЕРМИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ НАНОКОМПОЗИТА НА ОСНОВЕ ПОЛИДИМЕТИЛСИЛОКСАНА И НАНОЧАСТИЦ CuO, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Черняк В.В. , Сорокина Л.И. , Лебедев Е.А. , Шиляева Ю.И.
Published: December 2021

Предложен способ получения нанокомпозитов на основе силоксанового эластомера с равномерным распределением наночастиц CuO. Процесс отверждения силоксанового олигомера в присутствии наночастиц CuO и термические свойства нанокомпозитов в интервале температур от –70 °С до 550 °С исследованы методом дифференциальной сканирующей калориметрии и термогравиметрического анализа. Обсуждается влияние наночастиц на температурные характеристики низкотемпературных фазовых переходов и термическую стабильность полимерной матрицы.
NEOLIBERALISMO E GUERRA AO INIMIGO INTERNO:
Authors: Andrade Daniel Pereira
Published: December 2021

O artigo analisa as relações entre neoliberalismo e lógica militar da guerra ao inimigo interno durante a Nova República e os deslocamentos ocorridos em sua crise recente. Baseando-se na concepção foucaultiana do Estado como “o efeito móvel de governamentalidades múltiplas”, recorre-se à revisão bibliográfica e notícias da imprensa para examinar as formas dinâmicas e variadas desse hibridismo no processo de neoliberalização brasileiro. Apresenta-se a constituição histórica da lógica da guerra na Doutrina de Segurança Nacional e como ela adentrou metamorfoseada na Nova República. Na sequência, observa-se como ela se compôs com o neoliberalismo, criando as condições para a virada autoritária consumada no e após o impeachment. No governo Bolsonaro, analisa-se como a combinação entre a radicalização neoliberal e a militarização da administração pública ganhou centralidade. Por fim, aponta-se o risco da configuração atual deixar de ser de governo para se tornar de Estado, definindo uma nova fase da política brasileira.
TERCEIRIZAÇÃO NO BRASIL: o embate entre sindicatos e patronato
Authors: Leite Marcia de Paula
Published: December 2021

Este artigo visa a discutir a reação dos sindicatos brasileiros ao processo de terceirização do trabalho, desde quando o processo tomou maior vulto a partir da última década do século passado, até sua extensão a todas as atividades econômicas, em 2017. O texto leva em consideração especialmente a ação das centrais sindicais frente às práticas empresariais, ao mesmo tempo que discute as mudanças na legislação promovidas desde os anos 1990. Ao recuperar a atuação sindical, a análise centra-se no vigoroso embate travado entre os sindicatos e o empresariado no período 2003-2016, em que os sindicatos protagonizaram uma luta ferrenha contra o projeto empresarial de expandir a terceirização a todas as atividades econômicas, e conclui no sentido de que a capacidade de intervenção do movimento sindical consistiu num dos fatores que levaram as classes dominantes a promover o impeachment de 2016. O texto se baseia na discussão da bibliografia e em resultados de pesquisas que venho desenvolvendo nas últimas décadas.
A TERCEIRIZAÇÃO NO CONTEXTO DA REFORMA TRABALHISTA: conceito amplo e possibilidades metodológicas
Authors: Biavaschi Magda Barros , Droppa Alisson , Teixeira Marilane Oliveira
Published: December 2021

O artigo, fundamentado em pesquisas realizadas no âmbito do CESIT/Unicamp, traz à discussão a necessidade de se adotar conceito amplo para a terceirização que a abarque em seus aspectos internos e externos, expressos e burlados, bem como discorre sobre a importância de se buscar construir uma metodologia que permita se possa melhor e mais amplamente medir essa forma de contratar. Para tanto, aborda algumas das formas de aferição, sugerindo a combinação de iniciativas para mapeá-la. Discute, também, os impactos da terceirização aprovada pela reforma trabalhista brasileira sem limites para quaisquer atividades, ampliando as dificuldades para sua mensuração, trazendo maiores desafios nabusca da construção dessa metodologia. Ainda, a partir da análise de um conjunto de instrumentos coletivos dos anos 2016 e 2019, analisa como a terceirização foi sendo tratada por esses instrumentos, sugerindo, inclusive, que a terceirização irrestrita e sua ampliação no contrato temporário foram absorvidas nessas negociações.
REVISITANDO UMA DEFINIÇÃO DE TERCEIRIZAÇÃO
Authors: Cavalcante Sávio , Marcelino Paula
Published: December 2021

No ano de 2012 defendemos uma definição: terceirização é todo processo de contratação de trabalhadores por empresa interposta, cujo objetivo último é a redução de custos com a força de trabalho e/ou a externalização dos conflitos trabalhistas. Com o presente artigo pretendemos afirmar a validade dessa definição à luz dos acontecimentos jurídico-políticos situados no Brasil e que são posteriores àquela publicação, quais sejam: processos julgados pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) até o presente e as leis que liberaram a terceirização de maneira irrestrita, promulgadas em 2017 (leis 13.429 e 13.467). Também explicitaremos as raízes teóricas da nossa definição. Defenderemos a tese de que aquela definição permanece válida e operacional. A pesquisa foi feita por meio de análise documental (textos produzidos e publicados em imprensa comercial, sindical e independente, documentos do SupremoTribunal Federal e revisão bibliográfica.
O DEBATE CONCEITUAL SOBRE TERCEIRIZAÇÃO: uma abordagem interdisciplinar
Authors: Oliveira Isabela Fadul de , Druck Graça
Published: December 2021

O artigo tem por objetivo sistematizar e problematizar o conceito de terceirização nas pesquisas brasileiras, buscando tecer um diálogo entre as diferentes áreas disciplinares de estudos, bem como indicar os diferentes níveis de abstração do conceito. Parte-se de uma definição mais ampla e estrutural do lugar da terceirização no capitalismo contemporâneo, discutindo as diferentes formas de terceirização, reveladas pelos estudos empíricos, para, a partir deles, apresentar alguns conceitos operacionais, especialmente no campo jurídico. Para além da problematização conceitual, apresenta-se uma proposta para criar uma metodologia qualitativa de construção de indicadores que permitam dimensionar a terceirização, tomando como “dados brutos” os resultados de pesquisas empíricas desenvolvidas no país.
The gut microbiota in pediatric multiple sclerosis and demyelinating syndromes
Authors: Tremlett Helen , Zhu Feng , Arnold Douglas , Bar‐Or Amit , Bernstein Charles N. , Bonner Christine , Forbes Jessica D. , Graham Morag , Hart Janace , Knox Natalie C. , Marrie Ruth Ann , Mirza Ali I. , O’Mahony Julia , Van Domselaar Gary , Yeh E. Ann , Zhao Yinshan , Banwell Brenda , Waubant Emmanuelle ,   the US Network of Pediatric MS Centers, the Canadian Pediatric Demyelinating Disease Network
Published: December 2021

Objective

To examine the gut microbiota in individuals with and without pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods

We compared stool‐derived microbiota of Canadian Pediatric Demyelinating Disease Network study participants ≤21 years old, with MS (disease‐modifying drug [DMD] exposed and naïve) or monophasic acquired demyelinating syndrome [monoADS] (symptom onset <18 years), and unaffected controls. All were ≥30 days without antibiotics or corticosteroids. V4 region 16S RNA gene‐derived amplicon sequence variants (Illumina MiSeq) were assessed using negative binomial regression and network analyses; rate ratios were age‐ and sex‐adjusted (aRR).

Results

Thirty‐two MS, 41 monoADS (symptom onset [mean] = 14.0 and 6.9 years) and 36 control participants were included; 75%/56%/58% were female, with mean ages at stool sample = 16.5/13.8/15.1 years, respectively. Nine MS cases (28%) were DMD‐naïve. Although microbiota diversity (alpha, beta) did not differ between participants (p > 0.1), taxa‐level and gut community networks did. MS (vs. monoADS) exhibited > fourfold higher relative abundance of the superphylum Patescibacteria (aRR = 4.2;95%CI:1.6–11.2, p = 0.004, Q = 0.01), and lower abundances of short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA)‐producing Lachnospiraceae (Anaerosporobacter) and Ruminococcaceae (p, Q < 0.05). DMD‐naïve MS cases were depleted for Clostridiales vadin‐BB60 (unnamed species) versus either DMD‐exposed, controls (p, Q < 0.01), or monoADS (p = 0.001, Q = 0.06) and exhibited altered community connectedness (p < 10−9 Kruskal–Wallis), with SCFA‐producing taxa underrepresented. Consistent taxa‐level findings from an independent US Network of Pediatric MS Centers case/control (n = 51/42) cohort included >eightfold higher abundance for Candidatus Stoquefichus and Tyzzerella (aRR = 8.8–12.8, p < 0.05) in MS cases and 72%–80% lower abundance of SCFA‐producing Ruminococcaceae‐NK4A214 (aRR = 0.38–0.2, p ≤ 0.01).

Interpretation

Gut microbiota community structure, function and connectivity, and not just individual taxa, are of likely importance in MS.
Associations Between Smoking and Primary Sjögren Syndrome Classification Using the Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance Cohort
Authors: Gebreegziabher Elisabeth A. , Oldenburg Catherine E. , Shiboski Stephen C. , Baer Alan N. , Jordan Richard C. , Rose‐Nussbaumer Jennifer R. , Bunya Vatinee Y. , Akpek Esen K. , Criswell Lindsey A. , Shiboski Caroline H. , Lietman Thomas M. , Gonzales John A.
Published: December 2021

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine the association of smoking with Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) classification and pSS diagnostic test results. We hypothesized that past and current smokers would have lower odds of being classified as having Sjögren syndrome (SS) and lower odds of having abnormal individual SS diagnostic test results compared with nonsmokers.

Methods

Participants with suspected or established pSS were enrolled into the Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA) registry and had oral, ocular, and rheumatologic examinations performed; blood and saliva samples collected; and labial salivary gland biopsy examinations performed; they also completed questionnaires at baseline. Logistic regression was used to determine whether smoking status was associated with pSS classification and individual pSS diagnostic test results.

Results

A total of 3514 participants were enrolled in SICCA. A total of 1541 (52.9%) met classification criteria for pSS. Compared with never smokers, current smokers had reduced odds of being classified as having pSS, reduced odds of having a focus score ≥ 1 and serologic positivity for anti‐SSA/anti‐SSB antibodies, and lower odds of having abnormal signs or test results of dry eye disease. Compared with never smokers, past smokers did not have a statistically significant reduction in odds of being classified as having pSS and of having abnormal individual pSS diagnostic test results.

Conclusion

Compared with never smokers, current smokers in the SICCA cohort had lower odds of being classified as having pSS, lower odds of exhibiting abnormal signs and test results for dry eye disease, and lower odds of having a labial salivary gland biopsy supportive of pSS classification. Such negative associations, however, do not suggest that current smoking is of any benefit with respect to pSS.
Methadone ‘modernization’ bill introduced in Congress
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2021

Last week, planned legislation that would allow pharmacies to distribute methadone and increase the volume of take‐home doses was introduced by Rep. Donald Norcross (D‐New Jersey). In a move that has been described as “modernization,” the bill would remove some of the restrictions to access to methadone, allowing patients to pick up 28 days of doses at a drugstore.
Perovskite Quantum Dot‐Ta2NiSe5 Mixed‐Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures for High‐Performance Near‐Infrared Photodetection
Authors: Qiao Jie , Feng Fu , Song Shuang , Wang Tao , Shen Mengyan , Zhang Guoping , Yuan Xiaocong , Somekh Michael G.
Published: December 2021

2D materials and their van der Waals heterostructures are of great fundamental interest and have potential applications in emerging electronics devices. However, atomically thin photodetector applications have suffered from performance limitations because of low optical absorption. Here, a near‐infrared photodetector based on methylammonium lead halide perovskite quantum dots (MQDs), combined with Ta2NiSe5 van der Waals heterostructures, is fabricated to take advantage of their energy band alignment. An ultrasensitive photoresponse with a detectivity of 6.0 × 1012 Jones for 800 nm illumination is demonstrated. Furthermore, the field‐effect mobility and responsivity are enhanced by factors of 2 and 7.4, respectively, by interfacing Ta2NiSe5 and the MQDs. These results indicate that the optoelectrical properties of 2D ternary Ta2NiSe5 can be significantly optimized via hybridization with MQDs and can accelerate the evolution of MQD‐van der Waals heterostructure‐based devices.
Reversible Mechanically Induced On–Off Photoluminescence in Hybrid Metal Halides
Authors: Fan Liubing , Liu Ke , He Shihui , Zhao Fangyi , Zhao Jing , Wang Yonggang , Liu Quanlin
Published: December 2021

Stimulus‐responsive photoluminescent materials have attracted extensive research attention in recent years owing to their potential application in information storage and switch devices. It is important to further explore such bistable materials as well as the underlying transformation mechanisms. Herein, the syntheses and mechanically tunable “on–off” photoluminescence (PL) of two organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides, (Bmpip)9Pb3Zn2Br19 and (Bmpip)9Pb3Cd2Br19 (Bmpip+ = 1‐butyl‐1‐methyl‐piperidinium, C10H22N+), are reported. Both as‐obtained compounds are nonemissive under UV light at ambient conditions but exhibit bright PL upon grinding or under hydrostatic pressure. Interestingly, the PL is quenchable by short‐time annealing or storage in air for 1 week, and the process is repeatable. Through a combination of extensive structural and spectral analyses, the crucial role of the organic cations interacting with inorganic chromophores in the “on–off” PL behavior of the title compounds is revealed. Moreover, pressure‐induced PL and PL‐enhancement phenomena are observed in both compounds, which are similar to but slightly different than the above‐mentioned mechano‐PL. Finally, proof‐of‐concept devices are fabricated to demonstrate the potential applications of the title compounds in message recording and force sensing.
Quantum Sensing of Thermoelectric Power in Low‐Dimensional Materials
Authors: Zhao Mali , Kim Dohyun , Lee Young Hee , Yang Heejun , Cho Suyeon
Published: December 2021

Thermoelectric power, has been extensively studied in low‐dimensional materials where quantum confinement and spin textures can largely modulate thermopower generation. In addition to classical and macroscopic values, thermopower also varies locally over a wide range of length scales, and is fundamentally linked to electron wave functions and phonon propagation. Various experimental methods for the quantum sensing of localized thermopower have been suggested, particularly based on scanning probe microscopy. Here, critical advances in the quantum sensing of thermopower are introduced, from the atomic to the several‐hundred‐nanometer scales, including the unique role of low‐dimensionality, defects, spins, and relativistic effects for optimized power generation. Investigating the microscopic nature of thermopower in quantum materials can provide insights useful for the design of advanced materials for future thermoelectric applications. Quantum sensing techniques for thermopower can pave the way to practical and novel energy devices for a sustainable society.
Zwitterionic Polymer Electroplating Facilitates the Preparation of Electrode Surfaces for Biosensing
Authors: Kilic Tugba , Gessner Isabel , Cho Young Kwan , Jeong Naebong , Quintana Jeremy , Weissleder Ralph , Lee Hakho
Published: December 2021

Surface chemistry critically affects the diagnostic performance of biosensors. An ideal sensor surface should be resistant to nonspecific protein adsorption, yet be conducive to analytical responses. Here a new polymeric material, zwitterionic polypyrrole (ZiPPy), is reported to produce optimal surface condition for biosensing electrodes. ZiPPy combines two unique advantages: the zwitterionic function that efficiently hydrates electrode surface, hindering nonspecific binding of hydrophobic proteins; and the pyrrole backbone, which enables rapid (<7 min), controlled deposition of ZiPPy through electropolymerization. ZiPPy‐coated electrodes show lower electrochemical impedance and less nonspecific protein adsorption (low fouling), outperforming bare and polypyrrole‐coated electrodes. Moreover, affinity ligands for target biomarkers can be immobilized together with ZiPPy in a single‐step electropolymerization. ZiPPy‐coated electrodes are developed with specificity for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The prepared sensor detects SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in human saliva down to 50 ng mL−1, without the need for sample purification or secondary labeling.
Manipulation of Triplet Excited States for Long‐Lived and Efficient Organic Afterglow
Authors: Sun Yan , Liu Jiahui , Li Jiuyang , Li Xun , Wang Xuepu , Wang Guangming , Zhang Kaka
Published: December 2021

In organic systems, it is very challenging to simultaneously achieve long afterglow lifetimes (τAG) and high afterglow efficiency (ΦAG). Here, luminescent dopants which feature a small rate of phosphorescence decay (kP) and modest rate of reverse intersystem crossing (kRISC) are designed and knr + kq values (nonradiative decay and quenching) of triplet excited states are suppressed by all means that include increasing molecular rigidity of luminescent dopants, screening organic matrices to strongly inhibit intramolecular motions of luminescent dopants, and deuteration of the luminescent dopants. Organic matrices are selected with large dipole moments to stabilize the singlet excited states of luminescent dopants via dipole–dipole interactions, reduce singlet–triplet splitting energy, and thus enhance ΦISC, leading to significant population of triplet excited states. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence mechanism is also used with modest kRISC to harvest triplet energies, significantly improve ΦAG to 64%, and maintain long τAG > 1.0 s. The obtained materials display intense afterglow brightness, excellent processability, and temperature‐sensing function.
Rational Synthesis and Regulation of Hollow Structural Materials for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Xue Cong , Zhou Xinru , Li Xiaohan , Yang Nan , Xin Xue , Wang Yusheng , Zhang Weina , Wu Jiansheng , Liu Wenjing , Huo Fengwei
Published: December 2021

The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is known as a promising mean of nitrogen fixation to mitigate the energy crisis and facilitate fertilizer production under mild circumstances. For electrocatalytic reactions, the design of efficient catalysts is conducive to reducing activation energy and accelerating lethargic dynamics. Among them, hollow structural materials possess cavities in their structures, which can slack off the escape rate of N2 and reaction intermediates, prolong the residence time of N2, enrich the reaction intermediates’ concentration, and shorten electron transportation path, thereby further enhancing their NRR activity. Here, the basic synthetic strategies of hollow structural materials are introduced first. Then, the recent breakthroughs in hollow structural materials as NRR catalysts are reviewed from the perspective of intrinsic, mesoscopic, and microscopic regulations, aiming to discuss how structures affect and improve the catalytic performance. Finally, the future research directions of hollow structural materials as NRR catalysts are discussed. This review is expected to provide an outlook for optimizing hollow structural NRR catalysts.
Tunable Microwave Conductance of Nanodomains in Ferroelectric PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 Thin Film
Authors: Burns Stuart R. , Tselev Alexander , Ievlev Anton V. , Agar Joshua C. , Martin Lane W. , Kalinin Sergei V. , Sando Daniel , Maksymovych Petro
Published: December 2021

Ferroelectric materials exhibit spontaneous polarization that can be switched by electric field. Beyond traditional applications as nonvolatile capacitive elements, the interplay between polarization and electronic transport in ferroelectric thin films has enabled a path to neuromorphic device applications involving resistive switching. A fundamental challenge, however, is that finite electronic conductivity may introduce considerable power dissipation and perhaps destabilize ferroelectricity itself. Here, tunable microwave frequency electronic response of domain walls injected into ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3) on the level of a single nanodomain is revealed. Tunable microwave response is detected through first‐order reversal curve spectroscopy combined with scanning microwave impedance microscopy measurements taken near 3 GHz. Contributions of film interfaces to the measured AC conduction through subtractive milling, where the film exhibited improved conduction properties after removal of surface layers, are investigated. Using statistical analysis and finite element modeling, we inferred that the mechanism of tunable microwave conductance is the variable area of the domain wall in the switching volume. These observations open the possibilities for ferroelectric memristors or volatile resistive switches, localized to several tens of nanometers and operating according to well‐defined dynamics under an applied field.
Characteristics of PEALD–Hafnium Dioxide Films and their Application to Gate Insulator Stacks of Photosynaptic Transistors
Authors: Kim Jieun , Lim Jung Wook , Lee Jaehee
Published: December 2021

For practical applications of photosynaptic devices in neuromorphic systems, photosynaptic transistors prepared using TiO2 channels and TiO2/Al2O3 deep trap interfaces exhibit high stability and retention. However, there is scope for improving photosynaptic properties such as large numbers of analog states with good linearity and high sensitivity. Herein, HfO2 thin films of high‐κ gate dielectric layers grown by plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition with the Hf precursor methyl‐3‐cyclopentadiene propylamine bis(dimethylamino) hafnium are employed. 30‐nm‐thick HfO2 films deposited at 200 °C exhibit a κ of 13.4 and an E‐field of up to 5 MV cm−1. They are grown on a Si substrate and appropriately used in the form of double‐insulator stacks, in addition to Al2O3, in TiO2‐based photosynaptic transistors. The synaptic transistors successfully demonstrate better performance in terms of various parameters relevant to synaptic plasticity. For long‐term plasticity, 256 analog states are observed, which is more than that reported previously, with superior linearity. Moreover, lights of various wavelengths, including visible and UV, are illuminated on the devices, resulting in various lifetimes (wavelength‐dependent) of the trapped carriers. These properties are commercially attractive and suggest the feasibility of employing these devices in applications such as visual information detection and computing in future intelligent networks.
Engineering Electrochemical Surface for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Upgrade
Authors: Wen Guobin , Ren Bohua , Zheng Yun , Li Matthew , Silva Catherine , Song Shuqin , Zhang Zhen , Dou Haozhen , Zhao Lei , Luo Dan , Yu Aiping , Chen Zhongwei
Published: December 2021

Electrochemical CO2 conversion offers an attractive route for recycling CO2 with economic and environmental benefits, while the catalytic materials and electrode structures still require further improvements for scale‐up application. Electrocatalytic surface and near‐surface engineering (ESE) has great potential to advance CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR) with improved activity, selectivity, energetic efficiency, stability, and reduced overpotentials. This review initially provides a panorama of ESE effects to give a clear perspective and leverage their advantages, including surface electronic effects, ensemble effects, strain effects, and local environment effects. Additionally, relevant in situ spectroscopic characterization techniques to detect, and theoretical computational approaches to reveal these ESE effects are presented. Typical ESE strategies are also summarized, e.g., in situ surface reconstruction, surface morphology control, surface modifications, etc. Rational manipulations of specific ESE approaches or combinations of them are critical to designing composite catalysts and electrodes, consequently promoting sustainable development and steadily increasing the prosperity of this field.
Implementations of Heralded Solid‐State SWAP and SWAP$\sqrt {SWAP}$ Gates through Waveguide‐Assisted Interactions
Authors: Song Guo‐Zhu , Guo Jin‐Liang , Qiu Jing , Wei Hai‐Rui , Tao Ming‐Jie , Long Gui‐Lu
Published: December 2021

Some heralded schemes are presented for realizing solid‐state quantum gates, including SWAP and gates. They are achieved by emitter‐photon scattering in 1D waveguides, and the qubits are encoded on the degenerate ground states of the solid‐state emitters. The schemes for these two quantum gates feature a filtering mechanism that the faulty scattering events between quantum emitters and photons can be mapped into the heralded photon losses. That is, the protocols can turn physical errors caused by system imperfections into the detection of photon polarization, which is advantageous for quantum information and quantum computation. Furthermore, no auxiliary solid‐state qubits are needed in our schemes, which reduces not only quantum resource but also error. The calculations reveal that the success probabilities and fidelities of the two quantum gates are high with current experimental technologies.
Some characteristics of new and innovative COX inhibitor derivatives: Potent hCA‐I and hCA‐II inhibitors supported by molecular docking studies
Authors: Karakılıç Emel , Alım Zuhal , Emirik Mustafa , Baran Arif
Published: December 2021

In this study, two novel metallophthalocyanines (ZnPc and CoPc) were synthesized using the corresponding metal salts 4‐(4‐(4‐[4‐chlorophenyl]‐5‐methylisoxazol‐3‐yl)phenoxy)‐phthalonitrile (11), prepared from the reaction of 4‐nitrophthalonitrile and 4‐(4‐[4‐chlorophenyl]‐5‐methylisoxazol‐3‐yl)phenol (9). These metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) showed quite solubility in organic solvents such as dichloromethane (DCM), tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The novel compounds 11a and 11b have been characterized using their UV–Vis, FT–IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, X‐Ray, and MALDI–TOF mass spectra. Supporting information cocerning with the study has been supplied. Photochemical, photophysical, and cyclic voltagram properties of these novel 4‐(4‐(4‐[4‐chlorophenyl]‐5‐methylisoxazol‐3‐yl)phenoxy substituted metallophthalocyanines (11a and 11b) were determined in DMF. DNA binding, metal chelating effect assay, and DPPH [2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl hydrate] radical scavenging assay and electrochemical studies of MPcs were investigated. Further, the inhibitory effects of the COX‐inhibitor based novel metallophthalocyanines (11a and 11b) and their ligands (10 and 11) were examined on human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I (hCA‐I) and II (hCA‐II) isoenzymes, and the synthesized molecules exhibited very strong inhibitory effects on both isoforms. In addition, the hCA‐I and hCA‐II inhibition potential of Zn (II) and Co (II) Phthalocyanine complexes was supported by molecular docking studies. The binding interaction of metallophthalocyanines complexes 11a, 11b enzymes were analyzed in detail.
Half‐sandwich ruthenium complex with a very low overpotential and excellent activity for water oxidation under acidic conditions
Authors: Younus Hussein A. , Yildiz Ibrahim , Ahmad Nazir , Mohamed Hemdan S. , Khabiri Gomaa , Zhang Shiguo , Verpoort Francis , Liu Piao , Zhang Yan
Published: December 2021

Molecular catalysts are acknowledged for the ability to design reaction sites within well‐defined structures to achieve high catalytic activities. However, in many cases, molecular catalysts undergo structural changes to some other form(s), which are finally the real catalysts. Here, we report two half‐sandwich ruthenium complexes; [Ru([9]aneN3)(bpy)Cl]+ 3 and [Ru([9]aneN3)(pic)OH2]2+ 4, based on the macrocyclic 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane ([9]aneN3) ligand for water oxidation (WO). The two complexes have similar core but different ancillary ligands, which greatly affected their stability as well as activity for WO. Complex 3 retained high stability and excellent activity (turnover number [TON] = 1250) in chemical WO and first‐order reaction kinetics with respect to [CeIV] with a calculated rate constant (kcat) of 34.59 s−1. Further, the complex demonstrated very low overpotential of ~210 mV in electrochemical WO. At an overpotential of only 400 mV, turnover frequency (TOF) of complex 3 was electrochemically estimated to be 131.2 s−1. In contrast, complex 4 underwent picolinate ligand dissociation, as a deactivation pathway, to form the tri‐aqua derivative. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to explain the dissociation mechanism of picolinate ligand in complex 4, which happens through a stepwise dissociation mechanism.