bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Walt Whitman’s Trunk
Authors: McMullen Kevin , Price Kenneth M. , Schöberlein Stefan
Published: December 2023

Whitman is often thought of as a chaotic creator, leaving behind an ocean of messy manuscripts, flimsy scraps, scribbled notes, and endless clippings. Nonetheless, this essay argues, storage of his manuscripts and previously printed work was a pressing concern for Whitman in his early and mid-career, occupying his mind even during major life crises. Importantly, he wasn’t concerned merely with preserving a bibliographic record but with maintaining a resource for future work. Whitman developed a means of accessing his past writings in a mobile form — a trunk as both an actual object and symbol — as he relocated frequently from place to place. This article presents newly identified, almost word for word, borrowings in the 1860–1861 “Brooklyniana” series, taken from his 1849–1850 “Traveling Bachelor” series. It connects these new findings to recently identified reviews from the late 1840s appearing almost verbatim in Whitman-edited papers hundreds of miles apart. Framing the “trunk” as both a historical, physical storage medium and an icon of archival practice on the move, “Whitman’s Trunk” proposes a new reading of Whitman as a meticulous record keeper and careful practitioner of nineteenth-century copy & paste authorship.
Testi teatrali tra performance e lettura
Authors: Terroni Anna
Published: December 2023

The following essay sets out to investigate the complex nature of theatrical texts taking into account the fact that in the field of dramatic textuality there aren’t any certain authorships, but a polymorphy of testimonies in which it is difficult and inappropriate to aspire to consumptive “ne varietur”. The analysis of sixteenth-century comedies should therefore attempt to combine textual philology with the history of performance. A suitable case in point for this work is the unpublished comedy “The excess of love and fortune” composed between 1571 and 1592 by the Intronato academic Alessandro Donzellini, whose manuscript and printed tradition reveals a series of macro-variants that can be organized into recurring typologies, demonstrating the fact that in the field of dramatic textuality there is no standard version of the text, but as many versions as were required by different performance contexts.
Dante and Aristotle on Voluntary and Involuntary Action
Authors: Barolini Teodolinda
Published: December 2023

Nicomachean Ethics 3.1 is a text of great significance for Dante’s meditation on the will. Aristotle offers two examples of involuntary action in Nicomachean Ethics 3.1; the first surfaces in Inferno 5 and the second in Paradiso 3. In Inferno 5, Dante uses Aristotle’s first example of involuntary action (a wind that carries us against our will), imposing it onto a context, the pursuit of carnal pleasure, in which the action was not in fact involuntary, but was willfully experienced as such. In Paradiso 3–5, Dante uses Aristotle’s second example of involuntary action (powerful men who carry us off against our will), importing it into a context in which violence occurs, but the victims of violence are nonetheless held to have behaved voluntarily. Dante thus disrupts the Aristotelian analysis, revealing the fault line between Aristotle on voluntary and involuntary action and the Christian doctrine of free will.
Centenary Calvino, Here and Elsewhere
Authors: Sabatino Lorenzo
Published: December 2023

Review essay: Calvino
Italia, Paola, Monica Zanardo, et al. 2022. Il testo violato e lo spazio bianco.
Authors: Stillo Asia
Published: December 2023

Review
Delale, Sarah. 2021. Diamant obscur. Interpréter les manuscrits de Christine de Pizan.
Authors: Viscidi Benedetta
Published: December 2023

Review
Guicciardini, Francesco. 2023. Ricordi, edited by Matteo Palumbo.
Authors: Cenini Carlo
Published: December 2023

Review
HEAT-RESISTANT MULTIFUNCTIONAL COATING FOR THE PROTECTION OF CORROSION-RESISTANT STEEL PARTS
Authors: Zakalashniy A. V. , Denisova V. S. , Kulikova O. V. , Agarkov A. B.
Published: December 2023

A new heat-resistant multifunctional glass-based coating has been developed in the BaO–B2O3–SiO2 system, which protects parts made of corrosion-resistant steels from high-temperature gas corrosion at temperatures up to 900 ?C. The developed heat-resistant multifunctional coating has increased resistance to high temperatures, high dielectric properties, and therefore is multifunctional. A high level of properties is provided by a composition based on refractory glass and the addition of a bonding activator.
AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL REGIME IN DEVICES WITH ENAMEL COATING ON THE INNER SURFACE OF PIPES
Authors: Ibragimova E. N.
Published: December 2023

According to experimental research and practical experience, the main problems with enamel coated pipes are the roughness inside the pipe, small air bubbles, and cracks that come in different sizes, all of which make the pipes not last as long. Consideration is given to the issue of enamel coating defects, which compromise the enamel's structural integrity. The reasons for these defects are associated with the wrong choice of technological mode when applying enamel coatings to the inner surface of pipes. The choice of the technological mode when applying the coating depends on the geometric dimensions and technological parameters of the pipes.
It is known that incorrect implementation of the technique of applying enamel coatings to pipes leads to the formation of micro cracks. Considering all this, the main task of the research carried out is the automatic adjustment of the parameters of the technical mode of the equipment and the tuning of the control system to prevent the formation of micro cracks during coating and the improvement of the automatic control. of the process.
CHARACTERISTICS AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE PORE SPACE OF SYNTHETIZED HIGHLY POROUS Sc2O3 CERAMIC MATERIALS
Authors: Kapustin R. D. , Uvarov V. I. , Kirillov A. O.
Published: December 2023

An energy-efficient synthesis of highly porous ceramic materials based on Sc2O3 was carried out using a combination of compaction and technological combustion methods with the participation of active binders. Using XRD, SEM, and EDA methods, it was found that the material has a highly developed multilevel microstructure morphology based on Sc2O3 and tortveitite Sc2Si2O7. The main characteristics of the pore space of the material (porosity, pore size, specific surface area, permeability, etc.) were determined by mercury porosimetry and alternative methods.
TRANSPARENT GLASS-CERAMICS BASED ON LITHIUM ALUMINOSILICATE SYSTEM
Authors: Naumov A. S. , Sigaev V. N.
Published: December 2023

Methods of laser micro- and nanomodification structure of transparent dielectrics open promising prospects for the creation of a new type glass-crystalline materials and new applications. In this work, after a brief excursion into the history of glass-ceramics, transparent aluminosilicate glass-ceramics are discussed, mainly using the example of the Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 system, and the areas of their new applications. The recently discovered possibilities of laser micromodification of structures and direct laser writing of elements photonics and integrated optics in their volume are considered. In this case, special attention is paid to transparent glass-ceramics with coefficient of thermal expansion close to zero.
Förderung des Österreichrings
Authors: Rüsch Gerhard
Published: December 2023

Gegenstand der Ausführungen ist eine regionalökonomische Wirkungsanalyse der Veranstaltungen 1986 am Österreichring (ÖRing), die als Entscheidungshilfe für die finanzielle Förderung durch das Land Steiermark dienen soll. Hauptergebnisse der Arbeit sind:
Ansätze zur Milderung des Süd-Nord-Gefälles in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Authors: Rohr Hans-Gottfried
Published: December 2023

Im folgenden Beitrag wird davon ausgegangen, daß bei allen Ansätzen der großräumigen Umverteilung von Potentialen zwischen dem Süden und dem Norden der Bundesrepublik, die ohnehin wenig Chancen auf systematische Konzipierung besitzen, regionale Individualkonzepte der Entwicklungsförderung grundsätzlich nicht falsch sein können. Zwar besteht die Gefahr, daß solche Konzepte leicht zu unsinniger Konkurrenz zwischen verschiedenen, ähnlich entwicklungsschwachen Regionen führen. Die Alternative bestünde jedoch im Nichtstun und scheidet somit aus.Die regionale Entwicklungspolitik für Hamburg, wie sie sich in einer Vielzahl von Einzelentscheidungen des Hamburger Senats dokumentiert, entspricht einer Strategie der individuellen Ausschöpfung der Hamburg-spezifischen Entwicklungspotentiale. Grundziel ist, die Position der Hamburger Region gegenüber den im Süden gelegenen Konkurrenzregionen zu verbessern, somit also die regionale Exportfähigkeit über möglichst viele Leistungsbereiche hinweg in Relation zum Süden überproportional zu steigern. In Anbetracht der besonderen Strukturstärken der Hamburger Wirtschaft ergibt sich eine Grundorientierung der Hamburger Stadtentwicklungspolitik auf die Förderung des tertiären Wirtschaftsbereiches. Eine solche Ausrichtung setzt jedoch voraus, daß positive Entwicklungen im Bereich des grundleistungsorientierten tertiären Wirtschaftsbereiches nicht durch Einbrüche in anderen Bereichen der Wirtschaft und des Arbeitsmarktes auf gezehrt werden.
Die Neustrukturierung von Regionen: Kernpunkte der jüngsten OECD-Studien
Authors: Wadley David , Grotz Reinhold , Butscheid Gabriele
Published: December 2023

Dieser Artikel faßt die Ergebnisse der Diskussion zum Thema Regionalentwicklung zusammen, die sich im Laufe der letzten 15 Jahre aus Studien der OECD und im englischsprachigen Raum ergeben haben. Im ersten Teil sind die Bedingungen der Regionalentwicklung seit der ersten Ölkrise beschrieben, der zweite Teil enthält ein Grundlagen-Modell und untersucht dessen Bedeutung und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für die Mitgliedsländer der OECD und der dritte Teil enthält eine Prognose für die Regionalpolitik auf internationaler Ebene.
Regionalplanung in Hessen
Authors: Fritz-Vietta Rainer
Published: December 2023

Demnächst ist mit der Feststellung der fortgeschriebenen Regionalen Raumordnungspläne in Hessen zu rechnen. Die 6jährige Arbeit der drei Regionalplanungsbehörden bei den Regierungspräsidenten konnte durch die politisch verantwortlichen Gremien der Regionalen Planungsversammlungen weitgehend mitgestaltet werden. Die größten Schwierigkeiten bereitete nicht die vertikale Koordination zu den Kommunen oder zur Landesplanung sondern die horizontale Koordination der staatlichen Fachplanungen, wobei erhebliche Teile von ihnen nicht auf Landesebene vermittelt werden konnten und so dem Interessenausgleich auf Regionsebene überantwortet werden mußten. Die am Planungsprozeß Beteiligten beurteilen die Arbeit insgesamt als positiv, auch wenn viele Stimmen für Veränderungen – vor allem bei den Instrumenten – eintreten. So werden die Konzentration des Planes auf wichtige Aspekte und eine Kompetenzstärkung der Regionalversammlung gefordert. Der im hessischen Planungssystem seit 1970 enthaltene Entwicklungsaspekt (Finanzplanung), der in den letzten Jahren aufgegeben werden mußte, kann nach dem Selbstverständnis der Landesressorts wohl nicht wiederbelebt und auf die Regionsebene ausgeweitet werden, wie es die zukünftigen Anforderungen der Entwicklung eigentlich verlangten.
Regionalplanung in Rheinland-Pfalz
Authors: Eberle Dieter
Published: December 2023

Die Erarbeitung, Aufstellung und Fortschreibung der Regionalen Raumordnungspläne ist in Rheinland-Pfalz eine Pflichtaufgabe der kommunalen Selbstverwaltung. Diese Aufgabe obliegt den Planungsgemeinschaften. Die Organe dieser Planungsgemeinschaften sind die als Regionalparlament anzusehende Regionalvertretung sowie der Regionalvorstand. Außerdem sind bei den Bezirksregierungen Leitende Planer bestellt, die die jeweiligen Raumordnungspläne erarbeiten, wobei die oberen Landesplanungsbehörden dazu Dienstleistungen erbringen sollen, die nach Weisungen der Planungsgemeinschaften auszuführen sind. Neben diesen rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen befaßt sich der Beitrag eingehend mit den bei der Fortschreibung der Regionalen Raumordnungspläne aufgetretenen Konflikten sowie mit der ökologischen Orientierung der Regionalplanung. Außerdem wird dargestellt, in welchem Umfang die Planungsgemeinschaften bisher schon im Bereich der Beratung sowie der vertiefenden Behandlung regional relevanter Einzelthemen tätig waren und wie sich diese Aktivitäten in Zukunft wahrscheinlich erheblich verstärken werden. Dazu werden die wichtigsten zukünftigen Aufgabenfelder umrissen, auf denen sich die Planungsgemeinschaften betätigen wollen.
Neue Strategien für die Planung und Organisation städtischer Dienste in den Großstädten
Authors: Monheim Heiner
Published: December 2023

Angesichts neuer Herausforderungen an die Kommunen, welche sich durch die Stichworte finanzielle Restriktionen, Arbeitsmarktprobleme, verstärkte Umweltbelastungen umreißen lassen, sind auch neue Konzepte für die Planung und Organisation städtischer Dienste gefragt. Da es sich bei dieser Herausforderung um Phänomene handelt, welche sich in allen westlichen Ländern in der einen oder anderen Form zeigen, hat sich eine A rbeitsgruppe der OECD Gedanken über „Probleme und Strategien der Großstädte im Bereich der technischen und sozialen Infrastruktur“ gemacht. Der deutsche Beitrag – welcher hier in einer Kurzfassung vorgestellt wird – präsentiert und erläutert zehn strategische Ansatzpunkte, mit denen eine effektive und innovative Erledigung städtischer Aufgaben erreicht werden soll. Dabei geht es z. B. um Verringerung von Bedarfen, Flexibilisierung und Reduzierung von Richtlinien, Förderung von Mehrfachnutzung von Räumen, örtliche und Regionalverbundsysteme usw. Der Beitrag empfiehlt am Schluß offensive Angebotsstrategien und die Erschließung neuer Nachfragepotentiale für Maßnahmenbereiche wie den öffentlichen Personennahverkehr, die Kultur- und Sozialpolitik u. a.
Planungsrecht und Planungsregeln beim Bau von Versorgungsleitungen
Authors: Joachim Horst
Published: December 2023

Der in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland zur Verfügung stehende Raum für Versorgungsleitungen und Versorgungsanlagen wird immer kleiner, die Leitungsverlegung immer schwieriger und langwieriger. Woran liegt diesfArt. 14 des Grundgesetzes, unserer Verfassung, garantiert das Privateigentum. Freihändig privatrechtlich die notwendigen dinglichen Leitungsrechte zu erwerben, ist heute sehr schwer. Fast jeder Grundstückseigentümer möchte sein Eigentum frei und unbelastet haben. Enteignungsverfahren, die sehr langwierig sind, werden erforderlich. Umweltschützer melden sich. Forstgesetze bringen zustätzliche Schwierigkeiten, usw.Angesichts dieser Schwierigkeiten ist eine sorgfältige Trassenplanung notwendig intern wie extern. Trassenbündelungen werden von den Bürgern nicht mehr so ohne weiteres hingenommen. Das bringt jedoch das Problem der größeren benötigten Flächen. Von dem raumplanerischen Institut der Trassenbündelung geht man daher langsam wieder ab. Dezentralisierte Trassen werden bevorzugt. Aber auch die Sicherheit der Leitungen spielt eine erhebliche Rolle. Bei einer Leitungsbündelung mit 50 %iger Schutzstreifenüberlappung besteht die Gefahr, daß bei einem Bruch einer Leitung die andere zerstört wird.Den Raumordnungsverfahren wird daher heute eine ganz besondere Bedeutung beigemessen.
Die Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung und ihre etwaige Integration in das Raumordnungsverfahren
Authors: Henselmann Maria
Published: December 2023

Der Rat der EG erließ am 27. Juni 1985 die „Richtlinie über die Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung bei bestimmten öffentlichen und privaten Projekten“. Diese Richtlinie muß von den Mitgliedstaaten bis zum 5. Juli 1988 in nationales Recht umgesetzt werden. Dabei besteht die Möglichkeit, entweder eine selbständige Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung (UVP) einzuführen oder die UVP in bereits bestehende Verfahren zu integrieren. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht in diesem Zusammenhang die Frage, ob die UVP in das Raumordnungsverfahren (ROV) integriert werden könnte, und kommt zu dem Ergebnis, daß das ROV zwar als erste Stufe der UVP geeignet ist, die UVP jedoch im nachfolgenden Genehmigungsverfahren fortgeführt werden sollte und somit zweistufig durchzuführen wäre.
Exploring the potential of natural feed additives from herbs as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters for Mojosari layer duck (Anas javanica) farming: in-silico and in-vivo studies
Authors: Djunaidi I. H. , Damayanti C. A. , Wibowo S. , Sjofjan O.
Published: December 2023

Using synthetic feed additive, such as antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs), is common in Mojosari layer duck (Anas javanica) farms. Their purpose is to enhance growth and productivity. However, the indiscriminate use of AGPs has been associated with the emergence of bacterial resistance. This leads to lingering effects and potential health hazards for poultry and consumers. In light of these concerns, natural herb feed additives have emerged as an alternative strategy to AGPs in poultry feed. The active compounds in natural feed additives can improve feed efficiency and enhance production performance, resulting in higher-quality poultry products, especially eggs. However, it is known that the active compounds in phytobiotics derived from herbs contain anti-nutrients that can affect productivity and alpha-amylase in poultry. This study was aimed to investigate the interconnection between active compounds in phytobiotics and alpha-amylase using in-silico methods and verify the findings with field data using in-vivo methods. Alpha-Amylase is a vital enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bonds present in glycogen, resulting in the formation of maltose, a water-soluble disaccharide. Based on the results of docking involving nine phytobiotic compounds and their interaction with glycogen, it was observed that andrographidine E showed a binding affinity of 8.8 kcal/mol. Furthermore, these compounds form conventional hydrogen bonds, facilitated the formation of stable bonds between proteins and compounds. In particular, the interacting amino acids did not exhibit unfavourable bonds. Therefore, andrographidine E was more stable compared to other compounds. Nonetheless, the results show that several compounds have weaker binding affinity than the enzyme's binding to glycogen. However, the hydrophobic binding types of these compounds did not seem to impact the performance of the alpha-amylase enzyme, as demonstrated by in vivo data.
Grounding the economic selection index for evaluation and selection of dairy cattle
Authors: Ruban S. , Danshyn V. , Matvieiev M. , Lastovska I. , Borshch O. O. , Borshch O. V. , Bilkevych V. , Fedorchenko M. , Lykhach V.
Published: December 2023

The aim of the research was to develop a selection index for the evaluation and selection of dairy cattle for increasing milk production and reproductive traits. Materials of the research were data on milk production and reproduction of cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in commercial farm in Kharkiv region. Studies showed that there was a certain antagonism between milk productivity and reproduction of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cow. The coefficients of phenotypic correlation between milk yield, fat and protein yield and the days open ranged from +0.284 to +0.293. Selection indexes were built, which included protein, fat yield, and days open. The developed selection indexes were characterized by a high relationship with the protein yield (α<0.001), much lower – with the fat yield (α<0.05), while the relationship of the selection indexes with the days open was almost absent. The calculated estimates of correlation and regression coefficients made possible to predict correlated responses of milk production and reproduction traits on selection index. The results showed that the developed selection indexes allow increase the milk production of cows and at the same time to prevent decrease in the level of reproduction.
Moringa oleifera leaf for replacing protein portion of soybean meal in the diet of young growing meat goats
Authors: Achmadi J. , Pangestu E. , Surahmanto S. , Muktiani A. , Sutrisno S. , Christiyanto M. , Surono S. , Nuswantara L. K. , Subrata A.
Published: December 2023

In vitro ruminal feed fermentability test and feeding experiment were conducted to clarify the substitution of soybean meal with Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOlp) in the diet of young growing goats. Five M. oleifera based feeds were studied in the test of in vitro ruminal fermentability: 0% MOlp, 25% MOlp, 50% MOlp, 75% MOlp and 100% MOlp. All feeds were designed to be isoprotein and isoenergy, containing 20% crude protein and 71 - 75% TDN. In the feeding experiment, three dietary experiments were offered to young growing Jawarandhu goats, aged 3 – 5 months with average body weight of 10 kg. The dietary experiments were 0% MOlp, 25% MOlp and 75% MOlp. All dietary experiments were designed to be isoprotein and isoenergy, containing 20% crude protein and 71 - 75% TDN. Result of the in vitro ruminal feed fermentability test showed that feed dry matter and crude protein digestibilities, ruminal concentrations of total VFA and NH3, and total ruminal protein production increased (p<0.05) in line with the level of MOlp in the experimental feeds. Result of feeding experiment revealed that nutrient intakes and body weight gain were not different (p>0.05) among treatment groups. Blood concentrations of protein, urea, ammonia, glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol were similar in all groups. The dietary treatment did not effect significantly (p>0.05) on some hematological parameters. M. oleifera leaf could replace protein portion of soybean meal in the diet of young growing meat goats without negative effect on productive performances.
Karakteristik Ethylene Scavanger dalam perubahan Susut Bobot, Kadar Air, Total Padatan Terlarut, dan pH pada Pisang Ambon
Authors: Kesuma Aditya Arival , Silvia Deli
Published: December 2023

Pisang Ambon memiliki umur simpan yang terbatas dan cepat rusak, sehingga tidak mungkin disimpan dalam waktu lama dan terjaga kesegarannya. Produksi gas etilen merupakan faktor yang mempercepat kematangan buah. Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai penggunaan ethylene scavenger berupa KMNO4 + tanah liat dan Zeolit untuk menunda kematangan buah pisang Ambon Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa karakterisasi ethylene scavenger pada buah pisang Ambon Pengujian yang dilakukan berupa susut bobot, kadar air, total padatan terlarut dan pH. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan membuat formulasi ethylene scavenger menggunakan 3 variasi konsentrasi KMnO4 + tanah liat (0, 10g, 30g, dan 90g) dan 2 variasi konsentrasi KMnO4 + Zeolit (0g, 3g dan 6g). Kemudian ethylene scavenger diaplikasikan ke buah pisang dengan masa simpan selama 12 hari. Pengujian dilakukan setelah 3, 6, dan 12 hari dengan dua kali pengulangan. Nilai persentase susut bobot yang didapatkan sebesar 53%, nilai kadar air 31.5%, total padatan terlarut 24%, dan nilai pH 6. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengujian bahwa susut bobot, kadar air, total padatan terlarut dan pH mencapai nilai terbaik pada formulasi ethylene scavenger KMnO4 + tanah liat 10g.Ambon bananas have a limited shelf life and spoil quickly, making it impossible to store for a long time and maintain freshness. Ethylene gas production is a factor that accelerates fruit maturity. Research has been conducted on the use of ethylene scavenger in the form of KMnO4 + clay and Zeolite to delay the maturity of Ambon banana fruit. The purpose of this research is to analyze the characterization of ethylene scavenger on Ambon banana fruit. The research method used was to make ethylene scavenger formulation using 3 variations of KMnO4 + clay concentration (0, 10g, 30g, and 90g) and 2 variations of KMnO4 + Zeolite concentration (0g, 3g and 6g). Then ethylene scavenger was applied to banana fruit with a shelf life of 12 days. Tests were conducted after 3, 6, and 12 days with two repetitions. The percentage value of weight loss obtained was 53%, the value of moisture content was 31.5%, the total soluble solids was 24%, and the pH value was 6. The results obtained from the test that weight loss, moisture content, total soluble solids and pH reached the best value in the ethylene scavenger formulation KMnO4 + Clay 10g.
Kandungan Mikroplastik Pada Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (AMDK) yang Beredar di Semarang, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Supriyo Edy , Noviana Siti Nurlaela
Published: December 2023

Mikroplastik merupakan partikel plastik yang berukuran 1–5000 μm. Mikroplastik dapat ditemukan dimana saja dan salah satunya adalah pada  air minum. Air minum dalam kemasan (AMDK) selama ini dianggap sebagai produk higienis sehingga aman dikonsumsi, dan menjadi andalan masyarakat untuk memenuhi asupan cairan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan mikroplastik yang terdapat dalam AMDK yang beredar di Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Sampel berupa AMDK merek A dan P dalam kemasan botol plastik bervolume 600 dan 500 mL serta gallon bervolume 19 Liter diambil dari distributornya di Kota Semarang, yang dipanaskan dengan sinar matahari pada suhu 28 dan 40oC. Air sampel kemudian disaring menggunakan membrane filter PTFE hydrophilic dengan pori 0,22 µm dan dikeringkan dalam desikator selama 24 jam, ditimbang serta diamati dengan mikroskop stereo dan dengan FTIR Spectometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di semua sampel terdapat mikroplastik dalam bentuk fragmen dan fiber yang berturut-turut berukuran 1,91-44,85µm dan 2,94-130,02 µm. Mikroplastik berukuran 1–10 µm mempunyai angka Z-score terbesar yaitu 1,953.  Jumlah dan berat mikroplastik tertinggi ditemukan pada air dalam kemasan botol P pada suhu 40oC yaitu 97 partikel/500 mL dan 0,0136 gr. Mikroplastik yang ada dalam AMDK merupakan plastic dengan gugus fungsi polyethylene terephthalate (PET), yang diperkirakan berasal dari kemasan AMDK tersebut.     Microplastics are plastic particles measuring 1–5000 μm. Microplastics can be found anywhere, and one of them is in drinking water. Bottled drinking water (or Air Minum dalam kemasan/AMDK) has long been considered hygienic. Hence, it is safe for consumption and has become a mainstay for people to fulfill their body's fluid intake. This research aims to analyze the microplastic content in AMDK marketed in Semarang, Central Java. Samples in the form of AMDK brands A and P in plastic bottles of 600 and 500 ml and gallons with a volume of 19 liters were taken from the distributor in Semarang City, which were heated with sunlight at temperatures of 28 and 40oC. The sample water was then filtered using a PTFE hydrophilic membrane filter with 0.22 µm pores, dried in a desiccator for 24 hours, weighed, and observed with a stereo microscope and an FTIR Spectrometer. The results showed that there were microplastics in all samples in fragments and fibers measuring 1.91-44.85µm and 2.94-130.02µm, respectively. Microplastics measuring 1–10µm have the largest Z-score, i.e. 1.953. The highest number and weight of microplastics were found in P bottles of water at a temperature f 40oC, i.e. ,97 particles/500 mL and 0.0136 gr. The microplastics in AMDK are plastics with the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) functional group, which is thought to come from their packaging
Effects of a ChatGPT-based flipped learning guiding approach on learners’ courseware project performances and perceptions
Authors: Li Haifeng
Published: December 2023

In recent decades, flipped learning has been adopted by teachers to improve learning achievement. However, it is challenging to provide all students with instant personalised guidance at the same time. To address this gap, based on Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) and the learning scaffolding theory, I developed a ChatGPT-based flipped learning guiding approach (ChatGPT-FLGA) according to the analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation model. To investigate the effectiveness of ChatGPT-FLGA, a quasi-experiment was conducted in the learning activities of a courseware project. One of two classes was randomly assigned to the experimental group, while the other was assigned to the control group. The students in both classes received flipped classroom instruction and conducted discussions through Tencent QQ applications, but only those in the experimental group learned with ChatGPT-FLGA. The results revealed that the ChatGPT-FLGA significantly improved students’ performance, self-efficacy, learning attitudes, intrinsic motivation and creative thinking. The research findings enrich the literature on ChatGPT in flipped classrooms by addressing the influence of ChatGPT-FLGA on students' performance and perceptions.
Implications for practice or policy:

Teachers and universities should utilise ChatGPT as a tool for supporting students’ learning and promoting their problem-solving skills.
Course designers and academic staff can leverage ChatGPT-FLGA to enact student-centred pedagogical transformation in massive open online courses or flipped learning.
Course designers should master how to use ChatGPT-FLGA and its learning system, to foster learners’ self-regulated learning, help them promote online self-efficacy and overcome difficulties in learning motivation and creative thinking ability.
AI in tertiary education: progress on research and practice
Authors: Thompson Kate , Corrin Linda , Lodge Jason M.
Published: December 2023

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has had a significant impact in tertiary education for practitioners and researchers during 2023. We review the way in which academics have made sense of generative AI, revisit our proposed research agenda and reflect on our changing roles as academics in relation to learning, teaching, design and policy.
Advances in diagnosis and treatment of perimenopausal syndrome
Authors: Chen Wanying , Chen Mengjuan , Tang Huimin , Wei Weiwei , Shao Panqiu , Dou Shulan , Wu Jia , Lu Bingying , Shi Ruxia , Chen Jiming
Published: December 2023

With the development and progress of society, people’s average life expectancy has increased, and relevant literature reports that the number of postmenopausal women in China continues to increase. With lifespans extended, the transition period and post-menopause period have become the longest essential period in every woman’s life. The life quality of women troubled by perimenopausal syndrome has been significantly reduced, which also places a burden on families and society. It is well known that hormone replacement therapy plays a vital role in improving women’s menopause-related symptoms and is the most effective medical measure. With research ongoing into the treatment of menopausal symptoms in different patients, dose size, treatment duration, and medication regimens for hormones are still hot topics of discussion. This article reviews the definition, clinical diagnosis, staging, clinical manifestations, and treatment of menopause and explores the current diagnosis and treatment scenarios of perimenopausal syndrome.
Prepositional Usage in Modern Irish: Range and Variation
Authors: Watson Seosamh
Published: December 2023

Prepositional form and function in Irish, as in other Modern Celtic languages, are topics of much significance. In Modern Irish numerous simple prepositions not only form compounds with possessive forms of personal pronouns but additionally marshal an impressive array of ‘conjugated’ forms corresponding to the various grammatical persons. Prepositions also play a crucial role in indicating aspect and are involved in passive/ reflexive roles with the verbal noun. This paper offers an overview of the functioning of a selection of important prepositions in the language and provides examples by way of illustration.
Geographical Variation of Systems of Sibling Terms in Asia and Africa
Authors: Fukushima Chitsuko
Published: December 2023

This paper provides an overview of geographical variation of sibling term systems used in Asia and Africa, which are categorized based on distinctions of (1) relative age, (2) sex, and (3) relative sex. Experts in languages/language groups of Asia and Africa have analyzed and mapped these systems; using their findings, I created summative maps showing the geographical distributions of the system types based on rates (percentages) of each type. Type A (undifferentiated sibling type) is conspicuous in Africa. Type B (relative age type) is used in many languages in Africa and Southeast Asia. Type C (skewed age type) commands an absolute majority in languages of Northeast Asia and is also found in Southeast Asia. The change of Type A > Type B > Type C is inferred from these systems’ distributions. Type D (age/sex type) is the only type in Sinitic, and has affected neighboring languages. Type E (brother/sister type) holds the vast majority in Semitic and South Asian languages and has affected surrounding languages. Type F (relative sex type) and its variations are found in peripheral languages in Asia and Africa; this might be the oldest type. This interpretation is supported by attested changes in Japonic.
Diversidad denominativa del Pisum sativum en español: una historia de variedad y confusión
Authors: Escobar Gonzalo Águila
Published: December 2023

Spanish speakers use a great diversity of terms to refer to Pisum sativum, from the better known guisante and arveja, to other less common forms such as chícharo, bisalto, pésol, présules, pitos, titos, pedrolos, mánganos, garavanzos, fréjoles, etc. This work analyzes the great diversity of names that the species Pisum sativum receives in Spanish and it does it through the Spanish geolinguistic atlases and the lexicons of the cultured norms of the main cities of the Hispanic world. Through this analysis we will try to explain the reason for this diversity with the objective of understanding if this variety is due to a question of synonymy or to a confusion between species of legumes or between varieties within the Pisum species itself. We will explain that the history of the denominations of the pea, and of the legumes in general, is marked by its confusion from the beginnings of language; a confusion that comes motivated mainly by the similarity that possess all the species that conform the family Papilionoideae and that causes that the speakers confuse in many occasions some plants with others..
Preparation and characterization of magnetic microgels with linear thermosensitivity over a wide temperature range
Authors: Yang Yongqi , Ren Zekai , Li Xiawei , Yan Youjun , Liu Jun , Lian Meng , Liu Guangyao , Luo Xin
Published: December 2023

Hybrid nanogels that are both thermosensitive and superparamagnetic, and have good biocompatibility are expected to have applications in the biomedical field. In this article, a linearly thermosensitive magnetic microgel was prepared by a radical copolymerization reaction in aqueous dispersion. In this reaction, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate was used as a crosslinker, polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as a stabilizer, and 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether acrylate, and 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl acetoacetate were used as copolymer monomers. The thermosensitive magnetic microgel displays a linear volume phase transition in water upon heating over a wide range of temperatures. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering were used to characterize the morphology and dimensions of the thermosensitive magnetic microgel. This material is expected to be used in magnetically targeted drug delivery systems that require linear drug release.
Printable active packaging film with Pelargonium graveolens oil
Authors: Arman Kandirmaz Emine , Ozcan Arif
Published: December 2023

Due to the increasing demands of consumers from the food packaging, it enabled the improve of active packaging practices. Antimicrobial and antifungal coatings or films are an active packaging application. In such packaging materials, natural or synthetic antimicrobial material is added to the film or coating to help the packaging protect food. The use of biofilms produced from biopolymers in food packaging is more suitable than polymers with many damages such as PET, PE. Film production of many biopolymers such as cellulose derivatives, chitosan, PVA, starch PLA can be realized. Pelargonium graveolens plant is a natural source with strong antifungal and antimicrobial properties. For the reasons explained above, the experimental study aims to manufacture printable film with antimicrobial properties which is used in active packaging, using cellulose butyrate acetate and Pelargonium graveolens essential oil. For this purpose, cellulose butyrate acetate bio films, having variative ratios (0.1, 2.5, 5, 10 %) of Pelargonium graveolens oil, were produced with spin coating method. The transparency of prepared five different films were defined by UV–vis. spectroscopy. The antimicrobial properties of the produced films were measured against gram positive and negative bacteria. All produced biofilms were printed. The printability parameters of biofilms, (color, gloss) were determined. Consequently, cellulose butyrate acetate films loaded with Pelargonium graveolens oil were successfully produced. It is concluded that obtained all biofilms are with no color, transparent and printable with oil based inks. It was determined that the quantity Pelargonium graveolens oil raised in the biofilms had a strong inhibitory effect against gram positive and negative bacteria. With these features; produced films are considered to be suitable for active packaging applications.
Maja Bošković-Stulli’s Conception of the History of Oral Literature, or on the Problems of Literary-Historical Systematization in Oral Literature
Authors: Rudan Evelina
Published: December 2023

The expression “the history of oral literature” contains certain aporias that are rarely encountered in other expressions where “history” is one of the elements. These aporias are evident in two connections: the one that links history with oral literature, and the one manifest in the term “oral literature”. The latter was previously addressed by W. Ong (1982), while the former primarily pertains to the fact that true history of oral literature is elusive. The resolution of the latter issue revolves around our ability to date it. The only chronologically accessible aspect in the context of oral literature is its recorded form. Thus, every history of oral literature is essentially a history of records and their context, to the extent that the context of the record is attainable. This paper explores the concept of literary history that Maja Bošković-Stulli implicitly or explicitly established in her work Usmena književnost (Oral Literature) (History of Croatian Literature, vol. 1) and the way that this history aligns with her ideas about the literary-historical basis of oral literature.
Zoomorfna obeležja duša pokojnika u verovanjima slovenskih naroda
Authors: Đurić Dragana
Published: December 2023

Prema slovenskim narodnim verovanjima, duša u trenutku smrti izlazi iz tela u obliku muve, leptira, ptice ili miša. Ona se kasnije može javiti živim ljudima i u obliku nekih drugih životinja, pri čemu se uočavaju razlike među dušama tzv. čistih pokojnika ili predaka (onih koji su umrli “svojom”, prirodnom smrću) i tzv. nečistih pokojnika (onih koji su umrli prerano ili nasilnom smrću, koji su bili veliki grešnici, nekršteni, bavili se magijom i sl.). U radu će se pažnja pokloniti predstavama o zoomorfnim obeležjima duša pomenutih grupa pokojnika. Istraživaće se razlozi vezivanja nekih životinja za određenu grupu pokojnika, zatim narodna shvatanja o tome da li duša ima ili preuzima formu životinje ili se prosto seli u njeno telo. Istraživanje se zasniva na objavljenoj etnografskoj i folklorističkoj građi u časopisima i zbornicima slovenskih naroda, te naučnim studijama o predstavama o duši i životinjama u narodnoj kulturi Slovena, kao i na sopstvenim terenskim zapisima iz Banata (Srbija).
Morality Tale or Attempt at Reportage? Yet Another Look at Peter von Dusburg’s Description of the Prussian Pagan Religion
Authors: Mažeika Rasa
Published: December 2023

The story by the Teutonic Order chronicler Peter von Dusburg about the Prussian pagan priest Criwe and his sanctuary Romowe has for centuries provoked historiographical arguments about the nature of the Baltic pagan religion and the interpretation of Medieval chronicle sources relating to the Balts. This article focuses on an interpretation of Dusburg’s text, without attempting to decide on the reality of ancient pagan religious practice. Through a ‘close reading’ approach to actual words and the contexts of sentences that are often extracted and used out of context, the article argues against either dismissing the passage as an invented moral exemplum or accepting it literally. A speculative explanation for Dusburg’s portrayal of the pagan priest Criwe as a pope is presented for consideration. Moreover, through a reminder of the often-neglected context of the Criwe passage in book III of the chronicle, this article suggests an overarching aim for Dusburg’s portrayal of the Old Prussians, which is not as the ‘avatar of evil’ often proposed in historiography, but rather as simple peoples who should be left to the Teutonic Order and not to the Franciscans favoured at that time by Grand Duke Gediminas of Lithuania. To aid readers, the article contains the whole Latin passage (rather than the extracts often quoted), and an English translation by Rasa Mažeika.
The Christianisation of the Baltic Seen from Medieval France
Authors: Chollet Loïc
Published: December 2023

The way the Baltic region was viewed in Christian Europe during the High and Late Middle Ages was strongly characterised by the fact that it was the land of the last pagans. Beginning with the crusade against the Wends (Polabian Slavs) in 1147, attempts to convert them in the region took the form of the Northern Crusades, authorised by the Pope. The Teutonic Order became the driving force behind these crusades from the 13th to the 15th centuries, and secured support in Christian Europe, including France. The representation of the east Baltic region, on which this article focuses, was mainly related to these crusades. The author’s aim is to provide an overview of the attitude of the French-related nobility and intellectual elite towards the Christianisation of the Baltic from the tenth to the 15th centuries, with a special focus on Lithuania. In the first half of the 14th century, many crusaders from France and neighbouring countries backed the Teutonic Order’s struggle against Lithuania. These expeditions, mostly a derivative of the crusades in the Holy Land, were seen as the epitome of the chivalric lifestyle. This view changed slowly after Grand Duke Jogaila acceded to the Polish throne in 1386 and a year later baptised the grand duchy. With the evangelisation of Žemaitija (Samogitia) in 1417, Lithuania was definitely considered a part of Christendom.
STILISTIKOS DIDAKTIKOS AKTUALIJOS MOKANT(IS) LIETUVIŲ KALBOS KAIP NEGIMTOSIOS
Authors: Pagojienė Daiva , Drukteinytė Vaida
Published: December 2023

The article focuses on issues of teaching/learning types of style in Lithuanian as a non-native language. The aim of the study is to analyse the provisions of the ‘Common Framework of Reference for the Teaching and Assessment of Foreign Languages’ and the content of the Aukštuma descriptor of teaching/learning Lithuanian as a foreign language through the use of qualitative methods, and to compare them with the published teaching material for adults. The study proved that, in accordance with these provisions, stylistic differentiations of language should be taught from Level B2 onwards, but very little attention is paid to this area in teaching material. Only one of the teaching resources examined provides a slightly higher number of words with stylistic differences; however, the tasks are not always formulated paying attention to the stylistic meaning of words and collocations.
MIDSUMMER CELEBRATIONS IN LITHUANIA MINOR: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN TRADITIONS
Authors: Blockytė-Naujokė Kristina
Published: December 2023

A number of different Midsummer celebration models can be distinguished in Lithuania Minor: the most archaic (14th to 19th century), 20th century, and the modern St John’s Day celebration models. The most archaic celebrations were rich in vestiges of the Baltic world-view and mythology: nature, fire and water were worshipped, and people cast spells to protect themselves from evil forces and ensure a good harvest and a happy life. The 20th-century ritualistic St John’s Day tradition of Prussian Lithuanians lost its existential importance as rituals became customs with new forms and symbolic meanings. The most important features of the celebration are the burning of witches in St John’s fire, and general merriment for youth. In the modern celebration model, there is an attempt to combine ethnic traditions with the needs of the consumer society. Fireworks replace ritual Midsummer fires, as bonfires lose their mythological significance. Although the institutionally organised Midsummer celebrations follow a more or less Lithuania-wide scenario; the centralised organisation of cultural events may be beneficial in fostering local forms of the Lithuanian celebratory tradition by highlighting typical elements of St John’s Day in the region of Lithuania Minor.
PAAUGLIŲ ATSPARUMO ALKOHOLIUI RAIŠKA SOCIALINIŲ-KOGNITYVINIŲ VEIKSNIŲ KONTEKSTE
Authors: Kundrotienė Ugnė , Čepienė Ramutė
Published: December 2023

The significance and novelty of this article is in the fact that the study has explored the consumption of alcohol among vocational pupils, in order to connect the phenomenon with social and cognitive factors. The article analyses the period of adolescence, changes during the period of adolescence, and factors that determine the problem of alcohol consumption in adolescence: parents, peers, individual personality characteristics, behavioural and emotional problems, etc. The study confirmed the characteristics of alcohol consumption by adolescents, their parents and peers, adolescents’ resistance to alcohol, their strengths and difficulties, and the interrelationships between these factors. Although the parents of adolescents play an important role in the process of developing an adolescent’s resistance to alcohol, the study highlighted the importance of the attitude of the adolescent’s mother. The study confirmed that the expression of adolescents’ resistance to alcohol is directly influenced by the alcohol consumption of parents and friends, their attitude towards alcohol consumption by adolescents, and the adolescent’s strengths (sociality scale, meaning social skills) and difficulties.
TAMSA VIDUJE (NUŽUDYMAI KLAIPĖDOJE 2004–2014 metais)
Authors: Acus Arūnas , Kraniauskas Liutauras
Published: December 2023

The article examines the expression and dynamics of the phenomenon of murder in the city of Klaipėda between 2004 and 2014. This period, which began with the accession of Lithuania to the European Union, has a very important context of societal changes, which provided the authors of the article with theoretical and practical access to an analysis of the causality and expression of the phenomenon of murder. The sociological approach reveals a socio-demographic portrait of the victim and the person who committed a murder, in the context of segments of the structural expression of the phenomenon of murder (age, gender, social status). The article presents statistical data from murders registered in the Official Register of Criminal Acts (ORCA). For the analysis of these data, the authors purposefully chose the positivist theories of external restraint and subculture of violence, which have practical access to reveal segments of the structural expression of the phenomenon of murder in a changing society. This presupposes access to the continuity of research on the resolution of the phenomenon of murder in the next decade (2015 to 2023). The research results presented in the article focus on the development of murder prevention strategies for all structural platforms of society, especially in the fields of education, law and social policy.
Can Affirmative Action Survive on the World’s Campuses?
Authors: Jenkins Laura Dudley
Published: December 2023

Affirmative action suffered a blow in the United States at the hands of the Supreme Court, but it continues to be used to extend access to higher education elsewhere—particularly in large, diverse democracies in the global South.