bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The need to strengthen the United Nations
Authors: Molina Faidutti Bruna
Published: September 2004

Multiple changes in the political map, military strength and new economic realities since 1945, has meant that the United Nations (UN) is confronted with a new political dynamic and balance of power. Analyzes how the UN can be strengthened. Opines that we need to recall its initial aims and principles, recognize its strengths since its creation and analyze the new challenges in todays evolving world. Concludes that the preamble of the UN Charter that begins with “We the peoples” has begun to surface in political discussions. But nothing will be achieved without the political will of the member states, with the indispensable assistance of the UN to legitimize their actions.
Web information monitoring: an analysis of Web page updates
Authors: Tan Bing , Foo Schubert , Cheung Hui Siu
Published: September 2004

The dynamic nature of information content on the Web has posed a serious problem to users who need constantly to keep track of the latest updates on specific information. Traditional search engines enable users to retrieve potentially relevant Web information, but they do not track and monitor Web pages based on users’ interests. On the other hand, Web information monitoring systems are designed specifically to help users track and monitor Web information. However, to make Web monitoring effective, it is necessary to identify and understand typical Web page update characteristics so that useful monitoring features and functions can be designed and built into these systems. In this study, a total of 105 Web pages from the Internet were collected and monitored over a one‐month period. These pages are selected from seven domains under Yahoo!’s directories. The analysis results are presented according to Web site domains, Web page types, Web page attributes and change frequency. Based on this study, different functions and features for a Web monitoring system are identified. These features have been incorporated into a Web monitoring system, WebMon, that has been developed at the School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Creating a state‐wide virtual health library: the Michigan experience
Authors: Brenneise Harvey R. , Marks Ellen B.
Published: September 2004

Describes the AccessMichigan Electronic Community Health Information Initiative (AMECHII) which aims to provide state‐wide access to high‐quality, timely, reliable and valid health information for consumers and practitioners, regardless of geographical location or economic status. A formal exploration phase has been completed which was notable for the involvement of experts from every type of library in the state and a variety of health‐care organisations. The next phase will be a strategic planning process, outlined to ultimately result in methods for economic sustainability and a new paradigm for multi‐type library and health‐care stakeholder collaboration for the acquisition, distribution and use of electronic health information over a wide geographical and culturally diverse area.
Looking for guidelines for the production of electronic textbooks
Authors: Landoni M. , Wilson R. , Gibb F.
Published: September 2004

This paper starts by reporting the results of two studies into electronic book production, the Visual Book and the WEB Book. The Visual Book study (Landoni, 1997) explored the importance of the visual component of the book metaphor for the production of more effective electronic books, while the WEB Book study (Wilson, 1999) took the findings of the Visual Book and applied them to the production of books for publication on the WWW. It was possible to extract from the two experiences a set of recommendations for producing electronic books. These are the starting point for a new project, EBONI (Electronic Books ON‐screen Interface). EBONI focuses on the evaluation of electronic resources for teaching and learning in academia and it is going to expand our previous findings with the aim of producing a set of guidelines for publishing educational material on the Web.
The medicalisation of online behaviour
Authors: Quinn Brian
Published: September 2004

Certain forms of online behaviour are increasingly being referred to in medical terms and treated as diseases, a process known as “medicalisation”. This study examines the process by which online behaviour appears to be increasingly medicalised and suggests some possible reasons why non‐medical problems are defined and treated as forms of illness. Particular attention is paid to a condition that is increasingly referred to by medical professionals as “online addiction” or “Internet dependence”. The study then explains some of the social and psychological consequences of medicalisation for online users who have been diagnosed as “ill”. These include guilt, a loss of self‐confidence, social ostracism, and self‐fulfilling behaviour. Some weaknesses of the medicalisation construct are discussed, and alternative explanations are offered.
User evaluation of a pilot terminologies server for a distributed multi‐scheme environment
Authors: Shiri Ali , Nicholson Dennis , McCulloch Emma
Published: September 2004

The present paper reports on a user‐centred evaluation of a pilot terminology service developed as part of the High Level Thesaurus (HILT) project at the Centre for Digital Library Research (CDLR) in the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow. The pilot terminology service was developed as an experimental platform to investigate issues relating to mapping between various subject schemes, namely Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), the Unesco thesaurus, and the MeSH thesaurus, in order to cater for cross‐browsing and cross‐searching across distributed digital collections and services. The aim of the evaluation reported here was to investigate users' thought processes, perceptions, and attitudes towards the pilot terminology service and to identify user requirements for developing a full‐blown pilot terminology service.
Change implications related to electronic educational resources
Authors: Ashcroft Linda , Watts Chris
Published: September 2004

E‐books are a relatively recent addition to the online electronic resources market, and commentators are still debating their efficacy. Access to e‐books continues to develop, with numerous platforms available, and lack of standardisation an ongoing problem. However, there are potential advantages to e‐books, including easier access, speed of publication, space‐saving, and lower costs. Many university libraries are beginning to have e‐books in their collections. A research project being undertaken at Liverpool John Moores University is investigating the provision of e‐books in 127 academic libraries in the UK. Many academic libraries are providing access to e‐book resources that are free‐of‐charge, and those libraries offering e‐book subscriptions are using the World Wide Web for their platform. There are similar issues in the take‐up of e‐books to those regarding the take‐up of other electronic resources, such as e‐journals. These include changes in professional and management skills, such as collection development, marketing and evaluation, user education, technological skills and communication skills.
Link‐enabled cited references
Authors: Jacsó Péter
Published: September 2004

Cited references form an integral part of scholarly articles. They are included in the digital versions of course, but they do not necessarily provide any extra functionality. The most essential digital feature is to make the cited references hot‐linked. This article looks at the implementation of cited references in full‐text databases offered directly by the publishers (or their digital facilitators) and some of the largest commercial aggregators.
Just in time or just in case? An explanatory model with informational and incentive effects
Authors: Srinidhi Bin , Tayi Giri Kumar
Published: September 2004

There is extensive literature on the benefits of manufacturing control arising from minimal inventory policies of just in time (JIT). Operations management literature has focused on controlling set‐up, lead and changeover times to streamline the operations and achieve low optimal inventory levels. Our paper first expands these models to include information and incentive effects. We then develop a model in which JIT focuses attention on process imbalances and derive the compensation contract that induces managers to be more creative in managing the process. We show that the loss of controllability decreases the benefits of JIT and increase the benefits of traditional buffer inventory. If, as on 11 September 2001, the loss or gain of controllability occurs quickly and unexpectedly, organizations need to develop the agility to switch between minimal inventory and buffer inventory systems.
E‐commerce in the old economy: three case study examples
Authors: Barnes David , Hinton Matthew , Mieczkowska Suzanne
Published: September 2004

This paper reports how three UK “old economy” manufacturers are adapting their operations to meet the challenge of the “new economy”, in which it is claimed that dotcoms can deliver virtual products to cybercustomers at the speed of light. Successful manufacturing is not only about producing better goods than competitors but also about delivering a product/service package that solves customers' problems. Although e‐commerce can be used to reduce operating costs, any such advantage may be shortlived. The almost limitless connectivity of the Internet offers the opportunity to deliver an enhanced service to customers through improved communication throughout the supply chain. A differentiation strategy based on service enhancement can offer manufacturers a route to sustainable competitive advantage as an alternative to trying to compete on price alone. The cases illustrate how manufacturers can use e‐commerce for competitive advantage in the new economy.
An integrated reference model for production planning and control in SMEs
Authors: Persona Alessandro , Regattieri Alberto , Romano Pietro
Published: September 2004

Versatile manufacturing (VM) companies typically manufacture high variety, mainly customised products in relatively low volumes, competing for each order with other supplier companies on the basis of price, technical expertise, delivery time and punctuality. The research presented in this study is included in a wide cross‐disciplinary project which involved seven research centres. In particular, this paper aims at identifying the general requirements and guidelines for the definition of an integrated model of the order to delivery cycle in a VM environment, which can particularly be suitable for the small‐medium enterprise needs. A number of guidelines emerged, mainly in the areas of customer requirements definition and commercial configuration of customer order, supply and production planning, and intermediate and final project evaluation.
A questionnaire operationalising Hayes and Wheelwright's four‐stage concept
Authors: Rowbotham Frank E. , Barnes David
Published: September 2004

Despite its widespread acceptance, little practical application of the Hayes and Wheelwright four‐stage model is reported in the literature. This paper formulates a questionnaire to classify manufacturing companies under the Hayes and Wheelwright four‐stage model and assesses the reliability of the instrument. In an application of the questionnaire to three small manufacturing companies, the paper finds that half of the questions asked are statistically reliable according to the Interclass Correlation method. An in‐depth cross‐case study of the three organisations reveals patterns of management which further support the statistically reliable questions. The overall conclusion is that further research on questionnaires as instruments for exploring the four‐stage concept is necessary before a reliable method is available.
Improving business processes for increased operational efficiency: a case study
Authors: Kumar Sameer , Harms Ralph
Published: September 2004

In manufacturing, corporate growth and profitability are more challenging than ever before. The company reviewed in this study has been and is currently suffering tremendous growing pains with poor record of profitability. This paper reports learning and application of a few significant techniques to improve basic business practices in a company, which manufactures large volume, high quality optical thin film coatings. Some of the tasks involved in identifying opportunities for improving operational efficiencies included analysis of current business processes, identification of non‐value‐added activities including wastes and proposing process changes. Process mapping and kaizen “blitz” activities were utilized during analysis of key business processes within this company. The study demonstrates measurable results realized through use of process mapping tools, kaizen blitz activities, formalized and documented work instructions and work measurement tools. To ultimately be successful, a company must educate their workforce and create a fulfilling work environment for each of their employees. Worker involvement is essential and critical in today's society. Gaining the worker's trust and commitment is extremely important.
Modelling in product and supply chain design: literature survey and case study
Authors: Appelqvist Patrik , Lehtonen Juha‐Matti , Kokkonen Jukka
Published: September 2004

This paper presents a framework for supply chain decision‐making. The framework is used to gain insights into applications of modelling. Current modelling practice is reviewed through a literature survey. The principal finding is a lack of published research in the area of modelling supply chain effects in the product development phase. However, it is in the product development phase where the majority of product life‐cycle costs are determined. As a guideline for further case research, we propose an approach for integration in product life cycle modelling systems. For practitioners, we point out some major requirements for implementation. Finally, we demonstrate an early application of some of the ideas.
An empirical investigation of learning curve composition laws for quality improvement in complex manufacturing plants
Authors: Franceschini Fiorenzo , Galetto Maurizio
Published: September 2004

Learning behaviors related to quality improvement in manufacturing systems (i.e. reduction of defectiveness over production cycles) are widely investigated. Many different approaches have been introduced to describe the link between the learning mechanism and quality performance of a plant. In a previous study by the same authors, a set of learning “composition laws” for two basic structures were defined to provide a tool to forecast the behavior of complex manufacturing systems composed by a network of elementary processes. This paper presents an empirical investigation about these learning composition laws on a real case in the field of automotive exhaust‐systems manufacturing.
An integrative, iterative approach to IS evaluation for pharmaceutical clinical trials
Authors: Dymoke‐Bradshaw Catherine , Cox Benita
Published: September 2004

This paper proposes an “innovative” approach to the evaluation of information systems projects to support pharmaceutical clinical trials. The IS evaluation process for these projects closely follows that described in the Management of Innovation literature using methods which are highly iterative and are an integral component of the project. The development of organization‐technology fit is core and evaluation for this purpose can be thought of as a coupling mechanism between use and design and as a tool for continuous learning and improvement. This integrative, iterative approach is applied to a project undertaken at Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development.
A hedonic wage model‐based methodology for evaluating the benefits of IT investments in public‐sector organisations
Authors: Cilek Peter , Janko Wolfgang , Koch Stefan , Mild Andreas , Taudes Alfred
Published: September 2004

The economic justification of investments in information technology (IT) is a basic issue for IT management in private and in public‐sector organisations. Usually, the expenses made for any investment are compared to the cost saved. While the costs for implementing a new system are uncertain, only a small percentage of the benefits accrues as cost savings given the type of IT systems used today and the particularities of the public‐sector. In this paper, we present a methodology for the monetary quantification of the benefits resulting from the introduction of a modern IT application and demonstrate its use on the basis of a case of prison administration.
Narratives in ERP systems evaluation
Authors: Hedman Jonas , Borell Andreas
Published: September 2004

The purpose of evaluating enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems ought to be to improve the systems' life cycles. In this paper, narratives are proposed as a means of improving ERP systems as a complement to traditional evaluation methods. The potential of narratives is that they can convey meanings, interpretations, and knowledge of the system, which may lead to action. Even though narratives belong to an interpretive research tradition, this paper takes a pragmatic view of evaluation on the basis of three assumptions about evaluation: evaluations should form the basis for action; narratives can make evaluation more relevant; and evaluations should be made with the purpose of improving selection, implementation and use of the system. The conclusion reached is that narratives can advance evaluation practice by providing a richer evaluation picture which conveys meanings not included in traditional evaluations, and improve the use of ERP systems by changing users' mental maps.
Benefits and barriers of electronic marketplace participation: an SME perspective
Authors: Stockdale Rosemary , Standing Craig
Published: September 2004

There are concerns that despite government initiatives to promote adoption of electronic commerce, SMEs still fail to realise e‐commerce related benefits. It may therefore, seem premature to discuss electronic marketplaces in the context of SMEs. However, if SMEs ignore e‐marketplaces a number of problems can result. E‐marketplaces present a significant threat to SMEs since they increase competition and leave non‐participants vulnerable to more e‐enabled firms. This paper examines the barriers and benefits of e‐marketplace participation by SMEs. The nature of e‐marketplaces is addressed and the benefits of participation are examined. Drawing on the literature, the barriers facing smaller firms in this environment are discussed. Identification of these barriers, such as lack of standards, supply chain integration and global trading, enables a greater understanding of how SMEs can plan effective strategies to gain from e‐marketplace participation.
Floor‐based air conditioning offers major long‐term benefits
Authors: Blake Thomas Glan
Published: September 2004

Reviews forms of air conditioning in buildings. Argues that
ceiling‐based systems have their disadvantages and that the best way to
provide a comfortable and healthy working environment, that is also
flexible, is the underfloor route. Points to a recent study, which
reveals savings in direct costs as a result of using underfloor air
conditioning.
Consulting for Positive Change
Authors: Hind Matthew
Published: September 2004

Outlines a new training programme for quality managers, to help them
develop consultancy skills. The programme focuses on implementation of a
quality plan within an organization.
The “electronic nose” using conducting polymer sensors
Authors: Hodgins D
Published: September 2004

Outlines the development of an electronic nose for general application
and examines it’s three major parts: a sensor array, a means of
converting the sensor outputs into suitable signals for analysis, and a
software analysis tool. Describes the sensor array, electronics and
overall system design, the conducting polymer sensors and the computer
hardware and software. Discusses the analysis techniques and results of tests
carried out on various gases, vapours and liquids. Concludes that although
much further work is required into sensors and analysis techniques it is
anticipated that a growing number of companies will become interested in
developing these systems.
Ultrasonics—temperature shapes the envelope
Authors: Caicedo Bravo Eduardo , Friere Bastos T , Martin J M , Calderdon L , Ceres R
Published: September 2004

Analyses the effects of temperature on the behaviour of ultrasonic
sensors applied to object recognition. Describes the measurement system
employed, the environmental considerations of ultrasonic sensors and looks at
the most commonly used parameters to analyse the echo form in the recognition
process. Evaluates the performance of the parametric model of the ultrasonic
echo signal with a comparative study of different ultrasonic
transducers.
Supertag—stock counting off its trolley
Authors: Hawkes Peter
Published: September 2004

Examines the “Supertag” automatic identification system which is an
innovative electronic replacement for barcodes and which can also function as
an anti shoplifting device. Each Supertag is a single integrated circuit chip
plus a printed flat aerial. Using radio links, Supertag readers are capable
of multiple identification and counting at electronic speed. Outlines the
technical developments which brought about “electronic counting” and compares
them with conventional RFID systems. Describes the potential used for
Supertag including its ability to “read” the entire contents of a supermarket
trolley in a second, making it very attractive for use in the retail
industry.
Neural processing set to boost sensor technology
Authors: Goodwin Mike
Published: September 2004

Outlines the background to neural computing and the learning abilities
of neural networks. Describes the design and operation of the Neural
Instruction Set Processor [NiSP], the world’s first dedicated neural computer
on a single chip. The key task performed by the NiSP, which forms the basis
of most of the current applications of neural computers, is recognising
patterns. This makes it deal for applications such as speech, vision and
handwriting recognition, biosensing to detecting intruders, and explosive and
drug identification. Ends with an example of the use of NiSP in the
production of an intelligent vehicle sensor unit to help create a more
effective traffic control system.
A laser‐based thread detection system
Authors: Hassell Mark
Published: September 2004

Examines the development of a laser‐based system for detecting
the presence or absence of threads on turned components used in the
automotive industry. Describes how a laser inspection station would be set up
to take readings from the laser detector as the component cuts a “part
present” photoswitch. Explains how all the systems’ parameters are
programmable by the user through a hand‐held terminal and describes
two typical applications: one to detect the presence of an external
thread on an engine plug and the other to check an internal thread on an
aluminium insert for a fuel injection system. Outlines the properties of
laser light that makes it preferable for use over camera‐based
inspection systems and lists some applications suitable for laser based
systems such as checking for component features such as threads, holes,
grooves and tabs.
Neurofuzzy technologies
Authors: von Altrock Constantin
Published: September 2004

Examines a successful method which has been developed for integrating
neural nets and fuzzy logic. Outlines the background of fuzzy logic and
neural net design techniques, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.
Describes the importance of the error back propagation algorithm in neural
net applications and how the difficulties of applying it to a fuzzy logic
system were overcome in the NueuroFuzzy Module by using an extended fuzzy
logic inference method that employs so‐called fuzzy associative memories
[FAMs]. Describes the development steps of NeuroFuzzy systems and gives an
example application of such a system to reduce water and energy consumption
of washing machines. Concludes with other applications for NeuroFuzzy
systems, including the optimization of a biological fermentation process and
speaker‐independent speech recognition.
Development of fuzzy logic in embedded control
Authors: Bannatyne R
Published: September 2004

Examines the growth of a new technology called fuzzy logic and its
significance for microcontroller‐based embedded control solutions.
Outlines the reasons for the emergence of fuzzy logic and explains the
mathematic principles behind fuzzy set theory. Using the example of an oven
temperature control system, describes how fuzzy logic is applied to the
practical solution of a control problem rather than a conventional solution.
Concludes that fuzzy logic has been used primarily in embedded control
application as a software‐based methodology in closed‐loop
control systems whilst a dedicated fuzzy hardware processor would optimally
be based on a parallel architecture, allowing the entire rule base to be
evaluated in a parallel fashion.
Fet accompli
Authors: Robins I
Published: September 2004

Reports on the research and development work carried out at Central
Research Laboratories Ltd [CRL], concentrating on their physical and chemical
sensing techniques and the manufacture of sensors based on silicon field
effect transistors [FETs]. Describes the use of FETs in ion sensitive field
effect transistors and gives their advantages over conventional ion selective
electrodes, suggesting possible application areas might be in clinical blood
analysis, soil sampling and water testing. Also looks at the use of FETs in
gas sensitive field effect transistors, which have been used in chicken house
atmosphere monitoring and for detecting hydrogen induced cracking in oil and
gas pipelines. CRL has also been involved in the development of low cost
electro‐chemical gas cells by new manufacturing techniques. Concludes
with the range of sensor technologies that CRL has expertise in.
Fail safe radio remote control
Authors: Wilkinson I.
Published: September 2004

Describes the basic principles of radio remote control, dealing
specifically with safety aspects, transmitters, receivers, transmitted
telegrams, the Hamming code to indicate the origination of errors, and
emergency stop circuits. Concludes with the specification for DTI approval in
the UK and a list of typical applications for remote control systems
including cranes, ship unloaders, conveyors and ventilation fans.
Horses for courses
Authors: Howard John
Published: September 2004

Looks at radio frequency design relating to the expanding field of data
transmission with the arrival of purpose‐made modules, particularly at
418MHz. Describes the three main types of antennae to be considered at 418
MHz, the vertical whip, the tuned loop and the helical. Discusses the
parameters that are applied to systems of speed, distance, battery
constraints, size, location of equipment and limited frequency allocation.
Uses the example of a low power battery operated alarm system required to
provide security at a stables to show how various design problems can be
overcome.
Silicon integrated optics and sensor applications
Authors: Rickman Andrew G
Published: September 2004

A review of integrated optical circuit technologies [OIC] and their
relevance to potential OIC sensor application. Describes the manufacture of
OICs and the varied range of material technologies used. Active Silicon
Integrated Optical Circuits have been developed which may have applications
for many optical sensor and fibre optic sensor systems. Concludes however
that silicon integrated optics will not enjoy large‐scale success
until their manufacturing costs have been dramatically reduced.
Infrared: sensing pollution
Authors: Dann R.J.
Published: September 2004

Describes the basic optical concepts of infrared gas detection in
relation to industrial applications and considers the electro optic
components at the heart of the analyzers, the infrared detectors themselves.
Discusses the choice of detectors for a given application and looks at the
pros and cons of thermal detectors and quantum detectors. Notes the possible
need to cool quantum detectors to improve their signal to noise and
responsivity characteristics. Concludes with the possibility for custom
configurations and lists the various application of infrared gas detection
including uses in the transport industry, petrochemical industry and
hospitals.
OTIM—passive remote gas detector gas cloud‐imaging industrial development programme
Authors: Thomas Graham
Published: September 2004

Outlines a project undertaken by the Defence Research Agency [DRA] to
produce a “gas cloud imaging” system based on optical transform image
modulation [OTIM]. Describes the military origins of the OTIM technology and
the OTIM Remote Gas Detection Technique, including the temporal coherence
measurement used in the gas detector. Lists the capabilities and key features
of OTIM and explains that the exploitation of the technology for civil
applications has been targeted at industrial plant safety and environmental
monitoring. Concludes with an outline project plan for developing the OTIM
gas cloud‐imaging system.
Radio telemetry
Authors: Long N R W
Published: September 2004

An overview of radio telemetry, concentrating on low power,
short‐range systems which can be operated without equipment licences.
Describes transmission mechanisms, aerials and the two main types of analogue
modulation: amplitude modulation [AM] and frequency modulation [FM].Outlines the developments in radio data links and modulation schemes, the
benefits of networks and the various methods of encoding data. Concludes that
one of the biggest problems in radio telemetry is the different regulations
across Europe making it virtually impossible to design a transmitter that is
acceptable in more than one country. However, in Europe the situation is
slowly changing, with new common standards for defining, evaluating and
testing equipment coming into effect.
KAO—vision aids floppy quality
Authors: Duarte Kevin , LeBlanc Steven
Published: September 2004

Describes how a computer disk and storage media company [KAO Infosystems
of the USA]uses machine vision technology to maintain the quality of its
products by isolating problems and identifying ways of improving the
manufacturing process. Emphasises the need to fully define applications and
evaluate the technology before introducing a new element to an automation
process and stresses the need to integrate the vision system hardware with
the plant’s existing manufacturing equipment.
PDF417 portable data files a new dimension in barcodes
Authors: Marriott Mark
Published: September 2004

Outlines research work based on the application of coding theory and
information theory to barcode systems design, with the aim of developing a
replacement for traditional linear barcodes. The coding device needs to be
cheap to print and easy to read but also have the ability to store and
retrieve a complete transaction file. The result of this work was PDF417, a
symbol which can contain over a kilobyte of binary data or almost 2,000
alphanumeric characters. Describes the key features of PDF417 and gives
examples of applications in the automotive industry, supply chain
communications and military ID card systems. Concludes that PDF417 Portable
Data File technology opens the door to a wide range of important new
application opportunities, sometimes complimenting and other times replacing
the traditional linear barcodes.
A 2‐D symbology application at ups
Authors: Timothy Earle J
Published: September 2004

Outlines the development of a 2‐D matrix symbology and reader,
designed to cope with the demands of a large parcel delivery business.
Describes how the information for each parcel is encoded in a
two‐dimensional array of hexagons surrounding central recognition
patterns and discusses the technical challenge of developing a high speed
conveyor belt reader. Concludes that this type of system could play an
important role in package delivery services in the future.
Data matrix identification
Authors: Plain‐Jones Charlie
Published: September 2004

Describes a new identification code for marking products which attempts
to solve the limitations of linear symbologies such as barcodes which are
currently used throughout the packaging industry. The code, called a Data
Matrix is read by a two dimensional CCD [charge couple device] camera and can
contain up to 500 characters in a 0.05 in area. Describes the advantages of
the Data matrix code, the process of “reading” the code and how the image is
analysed and converted. Concludes that the Data Matrix code and reader
represent significant technological advancements in the field of automatic
identification.
Smart pallet system improves warehouse productivity
Authors: d’Hont Susan
Published: September 2004

Describes a smart pallet system based on Texas Instruments’ technology and its use in warehousing. Looks at the system’s use at Unilever Italia, and concludes that it is a valuable tool for warehouse managers to speed up just‐in‐time orders.
That’ll be the Daewoo: giving the customers just what they want
Authors: Farrell Patrick , Dawson Charles
Published: September 2004

Describes Daewoo’s entry into a mature market with a mission to become the most customer‐focused car company in the UK. Outlines the distribution strategy ‐ the building of its own network ‐ to maintain absolute control over customer interfaces. Sets out the pre‐launch campaign to convince consumers that the offer of customer focus is genuine, and reports on the results of a survey in response to advertising. Discusses methods of maintaining momentum and ensuring that promises are fulfilled.
Collaborating across campuses: the virtual university experience
Authors: Roy Matthew H.
Published: September 2004

Observes that the nature of business and education is rapidly changing as collaboration takes over as the dominant form of interaction. Notes that the driving force behind these changes is advances in information technology. Focuses on the pedagogical aspects of a semester‐long collaboration involving business policy students from St. Norbert College and the University of Rhode Island using the Internet to produce virtual products. Discusses student and faculty reactions in light of the goal of increasing our understanding of technological influences on individual and group interactions.
Greek mythology as means of organizational analysis: the battle at Larkfield
Authors: Sievers Burkard
Published: September 2004

Looks at the case of leadership succession from a man to a woman. Uses the myth of Athene and Zeus to illustrate this point. Presents an explanation and an understanding of the conflict. Concludes that experience is shaped by unconsciousness.
Retail inventory movement – a case study in rationalisation
Authors: Westwood John B.
Published: September 2004

Describes a common retailing problem, particularly in fashion markets, of stock transfers between a given set of branches. Stock is required in those outlets where demand is likely to be high, but the number of physical transfers in a given time period must be within the capabilities of the available transport facilities. A simple model of forecasting and allocation is described which, for the company involved, resulted in reduced stock movement and provided satisfactory stock levels.
A brief history of the selection interview: may the next 100 years be more fruitful
Authors: Buckley M. Ronald , Christine Norris Amy , Wiese Danielle S.
Published: September 2004

Over the past 100 years, the interview has received much attention. It is generally agreed that the interview is modest in terms of reliability or validity. In spite of this, it will continue to be used as a selection tool. Research has shown that structured interviews are more reliable than unstructured interviews. It has also been suggested that group interviews and extensive interviewer training modestly improve interview validity. Little theoretical development has occurred since these ideas were presented in the 1940s. At the risk of denigrating research contributions on the interview process, the past 20 years of interview research have lacked substantial theoretical contributions and the creativity necessary to make the interview perform the function it is designed to perform – identify the best person for the job.
Calcium Extrusion Protein Expression in the Hippocampal Formation of Chronic Epileptic Rats after Kainate‐induced Status Epilepticus
Authors: Ketelaars Susan O. M. , Gorter Jan A. , Aronica Eleonora , Wadman Wytse J.
Published: September 2004

Summary:  Purpose: The plasma membrane Ca2+‐adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) (PMCA) and (potassium‐dependent) sodium‐calcium exchange [NC(K)X] represent two main calcium‐extrusion mechanisms that are important for the restoration of [Ca2+]i levels after electrical activity. We investigated whether the expression of these calcium‐extrusion proteins is altered in the course of epileptogenesis.

Methods: Hippocampal‐parahippocampal protein expression of NCX1, 2, and 3, PMCA1‐4, and NCKX2 at an early and late stage after kainate‐induced status epilepticus (SE) was compared with that in control rats by using immunocytochemistry.

Results: Several alterations were found in chronic epileptic rats: (a) NCX1 expression was permanently decreased in the inner molecular layer (IML) of the dentate gyrus (DG) and entorhinal cortex layer III (ECIII), related to neuronal loss in hilus and ECIII, respectively; (b) PMCA and NCKX2 expression was transiently upregulated in the IML, and decreased in several areas where cell loss had occurred, (c) NCX3 expression, which in control rats is abundant in presynaptic terminals of mossy fibers (MF), was extensively and permanently decreased in stratum lucidum and hilar region. In addition, newly formed MF sprouts that project to the DG iml did not noticeably express NCX3; (d) NCX2 and NCKX2 were (transiently) upregulated in astrocytes of epileptic rats throughout the hippocampal formation, including ECIII.

Conclusions: These region‐specific changes in calcium‐extrusion proteins reflect a change in calcium regulation. Whether these regional‐specific changes of calcium‐extrusion proteins are associated with an abnormal calcium homeostasis must be determined. Because some alterations of calcium‐extrusion protein expression are already present at an early stage of epileptogenesis, they could be involved in this process.
Navigating toward Fetal and Maternal Health: The Challenge of Treating Epilepsy in Pregnancy
Authors: Tomson Torbjörn , Perucca Emilio , Battino Dina
Published: September 2004

Summary:  A rational approach to the treatment of women of childbearing potential with epilepsy has been hampered by the lack of conclusive data on the comparative teratogenic potential of different antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Although, several cohort studies on birth defects associated with AED use during pregnancy have been published, these have generally failed to demonstrate differences in malformation rates between AEDs, probably mainly due to insufficient power. In particular, pregnancies with new generation AEDs have been too few. In recent years, pregnancy registries have been introduced to overcome this problem—EURAP (an international collaboration), the North American, and the U.K. AED and pregnancy registries are observational studies that prospectively assess pregnancy outcome after AED exposure using slightly different methods. Each has enlisted 3–5,000 pregnancies in women with epilepsy, and the North American and the U.K. have released preliminary observations. Thus the U.K. registry reported a higher malformation rate with valproate, 5.9% (4.3–8.2%; 95% CI), than with carbamazepine, 2.3% (1.4–3.7%), and lamotrigine, 2.1% (1.0–4.0%). Most of the more recent cohort studies have also identified a nonsignificant trend toward a higher teratogenicity with valproate. These signals need to be interpreted with some caution since none of the studies to date have fully assessed the impact of possible confounders, such as type of epilepsy, family history of birth defects, etc. However, with increasing number of pregnancies it should be possible in the near future for the pregnancy registries to take such confounding factors into account and thus make more reliable assessments of the causal relationship between exposure to specific AEDs and teratogenic risks. While awaiting more conclusive results, it appears reasonable to be cautious in prescribing valproate to women considering to become pregnant if other suitable treatment alternatives, and with less teratogenic potential, are available. Any attempt to change treatment should, however, be accomplished well before conception. The importance of maintained seizure control must also be kept in mind, and the woman who needs valproate to control her seizures should not be discouraged from pregnancy, provided that counseling at the best of available knowledge is given.
Neuropsychological Predictors of Academic Underachievement in Pediatric Epilepsy: Moderating Roles of Demographic, Seizure, and Psychosocial Variables
Authors: Fastenau Philip S. , Shen Jianzhao , Dunn David W. , Perkins Susan M. , Hermann Bruce P. , Austin Joan K.
Published: September 2004

Summary: Purpose:Academic underachievement is common in pediatric epilepsy. Attempts to identify seizure and psychosocial risk factors for underachievement have yielded inconsistent findings, raising the possibility that seizure and psychosocial variables play a complex role in combination with other variables such as neuropsychological functioning. This study cross‐validated a neuropsychological measurement model for childhood epilepsy, examined the relation between neuropsychological functioning and academic achievement, and tested the degree to which demographic, seizure, and psychosocial variables moderate that relation.

Methods:Children with chronic epilepsy (N = 173; ages 8 to 15 years; 49% girls; 91% white/non‐Hispanic; 79% one seizure type; 79% taking one medication; 69% with active seizures) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Children diagnosed with mental retardation were excluded.

Results:Structural equation modeling identified a three‐factor measurement model of neuropsychological function: Verbal/Memory/Executive (VME), Rapid Naming/Working Memory (RN/WM), and Psychomotor (PM). VME and RN/WM were strongly related to reading, math, and writing; PM predicted writing only. Family environment moderated the impact of neuropsychological deficits on writing (p ≤ 0.01) and possibly for reading (p = 0.05); neuropsychological deficits had a smaller impact on achievement for children in supportive/organized homes compared with children in unsupportive/disorganized homes.

Conclusions:These findings lend partial support for our theoretical model showing direct effects of neuropsychological function on achievement and the moderating role of family factors. This study suggests that a subgroup of children with epilepsy (those who have not only neuropsychological deficits but also disorganized/unsupportive home environments) are particularly at risk for adverse academic outcomes. Implications for intervention are discussed.
Autosomal Dominant Early Childhood Seizures Associated with Chondrocalcinosis and a Mutation in the ANKH Gene
Authors: McKee Shane , Pendleton Adrian , Dixey Josh , Doherty Michael , Hughes Anne
Published: September 2004

Summary:  We describe the pattern of early childhood seizures within a family with autosomal dominant chondrocalcinosis (CCAL, which causes adult‐onset arthritis). All affected family members with CCAL experienced seizures in early childhood, usually, but not always, associated with fever. Similarities exist to the syndrome of generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+). A mutation within the ANKH gene on chromosome 5p has been found previously in this family; other patients with familial CCAL (but without seizures) have mutations in the same gene. ANKH codes for a transmembrane protein involved in the regulation of extracellular pyrophosphate ion levels, although its precise mechanism of action remains unclear. It is highly expressed in the brain, and its expression may be influenced by seizure activity. The mutation within this family creates a premature initiation codon, adding four amino acids to the N‐terminus of the protein. We postulate that this may lead to a gain of function, causing seizure susceptibility as well as chondrocalcinosis. Mutations within this gene may underlie other forms of genetic epilepsy and febrile seizures.
Anticonvulsant Efficacy of the Low‐affinity Partial Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonist ELB 138 in a Dog Seizure Model and in Epileptic Dogs with Spontaneously Recurrent Seizures
Authors: Löscher Wolfgang , Potschka Heidrun , Rieck Susanne , Tipold Andrea , Rundfeldt Chris
Published: September 2004

Summary:  Purpose:Ataxia, sedation, amnesia, ethanol and barbiturate potentiation, loss of efficacy (tolerance), development of dependence, and the potential for drug abuse limit the clinical use of benzodiazepines (BZDs) for long‐term treatment of epilepsy or anxiety. BZD ligands that are in current use act as full allosteric modulators of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐gated chloride channels and, on long‐term administration, trigger a functional uncoupling between the GABAA and BZD recognition sites. Partial allosteric modulators, which have a low intrinsic activity at the BZD recognition site of the GABAA receptor, might eventually overcome the limitations of full agonists such as diazepam (DZP).

Methods: In the present study, the new low‐affinity partial BZD‐receptor agonist ELB 138 [former name AWD 131‐138; 1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐4‐morpholino‐imidazolin‐2‐one] was evaluated in a dog seizure model and in epileptic dogs with spontaneously recurrent seizures.

Results: ELB 138 was shown to increase potently the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure threshold in dogs. Prolonged oral administration with twice‐daily dosing of ELB 138 with either 5 or 40 mg/kg over a 5‐week period was not associated with loss of anticonvulsant efficacy in the PTZ dog model. To study whether physical dependence developed during long‐term treatment, the BZD antagonist flumazenil was injected after 5 weeks of treatment with ELB 138. Compared with prolonged treatment with DZP, only relatively mild abstinence symptoms were precipitated in dogs treated with ELB 138, particularly at the lower dosage (5 mg/kg, b.i.d.). In a prospective trial in dogs with newly diagnosed epilepsy, ELB 138 markedly reduced seizure frequency and severity without significant difference to standard treatments (phenobarbital or primidone) but was much better tolerated than the standard drugs. In dogs with chronic epilepsy, most dogs exhibited a reduction in seizure frequency and severity during add‐on treatment with ELB 138.

Conclusions: The data demonstrate that the partial BZD receptor agonist ELB 138 exerts significant anticonvulsant efficacy without tolerance in a dog seizure model as well as in epileptic dogs with spontaneously recurrent seizures. These data thus substantiate that partial agonism at the BZD site of GABAA receptors offers advantages versus full agonism and constitutes a valuable approach for treatment of seizures.
The Prevalence of Epilepsy in Patients with Celiac Disease
Authors: Tengah Dayangku S. N. A. Pengiran , Holmes Geoff K. T. , Wills Adrian J.
Published: September 2004

Summary:  Purpose: The relation between celiac disease and epilepsy is uncertain. Previous studies have suggested an association, whereas others have not.

Methods: We ascertained the prevalence of active epilepsy in a cohort of 801 celiac patients by patient interviews and retrospective case note review. All the celiac patients had diagnostic confirmation by small bowel biopsy.

Results: Twenty‐one patients had a history of epileptic seizures, but only nine (1.1%) had active epilepsy. No specific epileptic syndrome was identified.

Conclusions: This study suggests that a causal relation between gluten sensitivity and active epilepsy is unlikely.