bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishing trust in emergency telehealth consultations
Authors: Hutton Jennie , Michael Veal , Miller Suzanne M , Baines Belinda , Kirjanenko Marija , Sher Loren , Lawrence Joanna , Boyd James , Semciw Adam , Jessup Rebecca , Talevski Jason
Published: December 2024

Over recent years, emergency telehealth has developed rapidly in Australasia. From the patient's perspective, establishing trust with a healthcare provider is uniquely challenging when using the audio and video modalities commonly used in telehealth. It is crucial to consider how we may improve the delivery of care through this emerging pathway if high‐quality care is to be delivered. Several simple techniques have been identified in the literature and can be employed to create trust and improve the patient–provider relationship. These include ensuring privacy and an appropriate setting for the consultation; considering how eye contact and expressions are best used; providing alternative options to telehealth; and clearly identifying names, roles and qualifications. We describe how these methods can best be employed in the virtual emergency care setting.
Identifying the impact of water constraints on agricultural productivity in hillside contexts
Authors: Dizon Felipe , Imtiaz Muhammad Saad , Yu Jisang
Published: December 2024

Using a unique panel dataset based on two census rounds, we estimate the impact of irrigation gaps and drought on yields of paddy, maize, and other crops in Bhutan, an understudied country. We utilize a recently‐developed spatial first differences (SFD) approach to identify the impacts of water‐related constraints and compare these results from a panel fixed effects (FE) approach. We find that irrigation gaps reduce paddy yields and droughts reduce maize yields. Estimates from the SFD model are found to be consistent compared to those from the panel FE model. Water‐related constraints also reduce yields of vegetable crops, and other constraints such as labor shortages, wild animals, insects, and diseases reduce yields of cereal crops.
Successful Amendment of an Existing Hepatitis B Screening Programme by a Guideline Recommended Hepatitis D Screening in the Primary Care Setting
Authors: Herta Toni , Joachim‐Richter Anna , Petroff David , Wölk Benno , Wolffram Ingmar , Berg Thomas , Kramer Jan , Bätz Olaf , Wiegand Johannes
Published: December 2024

Background

Despite European guidelines recommending anti‐hepatitis D virus (HDV) screening for all hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive cases, screening rates remain insufficient.

Aims

We analysed anti‐HDV screening rates in primary care and implemented prospective HDV screening in HBsAg‐positive cases identified in the preventive medical examination from the age of 35 (“Check‐Up 35+”).

Methods

From 2012 to 2021, we reviewed anti‐HDV and HDV RNA test rates in HBsAg‐positive patients at 11 sites of a large German laboratory group. From 2022 to 2023, we prospectively screened HBsAg‐positive samples from the “Check‐Up 35+” for anti‐HDV. Anti‐HDV positive patients were then contacted again for HDV RNA testing.

Results

Retrospectively, 2792/13,905 (20%) HBsAg‐positive cases were tested for anti‐HDV, with 142/2792 (5.1%) being positive. HDV RNA was tested in 57/142 (40%) anti‐HDV‐positive cases, with 26/57 (46%) being positive. In the prospective screening, 1159/225,901 (0.51%) individuals were HBsAg‐positive. Of these, 700 (60%) were tested for anti‐HDV, with 18/700 (2.6%) positive test results. 4/18 (22%) were successfully contacted again for HDV RNA analysis, with one case testing positive. Neither the HBsAg nor the anti‐HDV positive result was known prior to screening in these cases. Anti‐HDV testing could not be performed in 459/1159 (40%) HBsAg‐positive cases, primarily due to insufficient blood sample volume (310/459 cases, 68%), with others missed due to logistical errors.

Conclusions

Retrospective data show insufficient anti‐HDV screening in clinical routine. The prospective anti‐HDV screening provides a blueprint for using existing hepatitis B virus screening programms for population‐based HDV double reflex testing, provided that adequate logistical prerequisites are established.

Trial Registration

German Clinical Trial Register: DRKS00029180
No Association Between Eosinophilic Oesophagitis and Oesophageal Cancer in US Adults: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Albaneze Natasha , Cotton Cary C. , Anderson Chelsea , Katzka David A. , Dellon Evan S.
Published: December 2024

Background

While inflammation is implicated in the development of numerous cancers, whether eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) increases the risk of oesophageal cancer (OCa) remains understudied.

Aim

To assess whether adults with EoE were more likely to have subsequent OCa diagnosis.

Methods

This case–control study used data from the MarketScan commercial claims database. Cases were 18–64 years old with an oesophageal cancer diagnosis (≥ two coding instances) who had no previous oesophageal cancer code. Controls were matched 10:1 by age and time in health plan. All cases and controls had at least 2 years of continuous healthcare coverage before the index date. EoE status required ≥ two coding instances. We used conditional logistic regression modelling to assess the association between EoE and oesophageal cancer.

Results

Of 5562 eligible cases and 55,620 matched controls, median age was 58.8 years and median number of years in health plan was 5.1. The proportions of male cases and controls were 81.3% and 41.4%, respectively. A history of EoE was rare in both cases and controls. Only two oesophageal cancer cases (0.04%) and 44 controls (0.08%) had evidence of an EoE diagnosis (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.11–1.88).

Conclusions

EoE is not associated with the development of oesophageal cancer in privately insured adults under 65 years old; co‐incidence of EoE and oesophageal cancer is extremely rare. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings and to evaluate whether they hold in older adults or over longer follow‐up, and whether EoE might protect against oesophageal cancer.
Genetic characteristics of the coronet scores related to Holstein cattle hoof health in Japan
Authors: Saito Yuriko , Nishiura Akiko , Yamazaki Takeshi , Yamaguchi Shigeki , Tatebayashi Ryoki , Sasaki Osamu , Satoh Masahiro
Published: December 2024

Hoof disorders are crucial factors leading to dairy cattle culling. These disorders are difficult to detect, diagnose, and record, causing animal health problems and serious economic losses. The coronet score is a new hoof health indicator developed by the Dairy Herd Improvement Program of Japan. This score is assigned on a 5‐point scale and can easily be determined by examining the degree of redness and swelling around the hooves. To determine whether coronet scores can be used to genetically improve hoof health, we investigated non‐genetic factors in the score, developed a genetic analysis model, and estimated genetic parameters. Coronet scores were collected from 1280 herds in 28 prefectures once a month from 2014 to 2021. Furthermore, 1,598,878 test‐day records of 94,951 cows from the first‐ to third‐parity and pedigree information of 216,416 individuals were used in the analysis. Results revealed that herd size, parity, age, test month, and lactation stage influenced the coronet score. Additionally, the heritability of the coronet score estimated via the herd‐test‐day model was 0.027, and genetic trends deteriorated in sires and cows. Overall, we demonstrated that coronet score is a heritable trait, suggesting that hoof health could be genetically improved by selection for coronet score.
Paradoxes of Specialist Recognition in Accounting: An Exploratory Debate
Authors: Yang Yunxiao , Luo Dudu , Chen Xiang , Dellaportas Steven
Published: December 2024

This study explores the complexity of recognising specialisations in accounting by articulating the paradox of the knowledge–specialisation conundrum when claims of higher levels of expertise among specialists threaten the general warrant of competence of the non‐specialist. Embedded in the notions of professionalisation in which professional status is sought and achieved, this study provides a discursive analysis exploring the elements of formal specialist recognition within a large and established accounting profession. The analysis in this study suggests that institutionalising the recognition of specialisations poses two significant risks to the unity of the profession: the risk that the general warrant of competence linked to non‐specialists could be seen as accountants of a lesser quality and the risk created to the profession from intra‐professional boundary ambiguity and conflict. Overall, this study brings to the fore the underexplored issues linked to understanding and recognising specialisations in accounting.
Machine learning based on multiplatform tests assists in subtype classification of mature B‐cell neoplasms
Authors: Lin Junwei , Mu Yafei , Liu Lingling , Meng Yuhuan , Chen Tao , Fan Xijie , Yuan Jiecheng , Shen Maoting , Pan Jianhua , Ren Yuxia , Yu Shihui , Chen Yuxin
Published: December 2024

Mature B‐cell neoplasms (MBNs) are clonal proliferative diseases encompassing over 40 subtypes. The WHO classification (morphology, immunology, cytogenetics and molecular biology) provides comprehensive diagnostic understandings. However, MBN subtyping relies heavily on the expertise of clinicians and pathologists, and differences in clinical experience can lead to variations in subtyping efficiency and consistency. Additionally, due to the diversity in genetic backgrounds, machine learning (ML) models constructed based on Western populations may not be suitable for Chinese MBN patients. To construct a highly accurate classification model suitable for Chinese MBN patients, we first developed an ML model based on next‐generation sequencing (NGS) from Chinese MBN patients, with an accuracy of 0.719, which decreased to 0.707 after model feature selection. Another ML model based on NGS and tumour cell size had an accuracy of 0.715, which increased to 0.763 after model feature selection. Both models were more accurate than models constructed using Western MBN patient databases. Furthermore, by adding flow cytometry for CD5 and CD10, the accuracy reached 0.864, which further improved to 0.872 after model feature selection. These models are accessible via an open‐access website. Overall, ML models incorporating multiplatform tests can serve as practical auxiliary tools for MBN subtype classification.
The relationships among illness perceptions, dyadic coping and illness management in breast cancer patients and their spouses: A dyadic longitudinal mediation model
Authors: Li Mingfang , Zhang Lijuan , Zhang Liping , Li Xinyi , Xie Yantong , Qiu Yuqi , Zhao Meng , Chen Jing , Yan Jun
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To describe and compare dyads' illness perceptions, dyadic coping and illness management among breast cancer patients and their spouses. In addition, we explore the direct actor and partner effects of illness perception on illness management, and whether this association is mediated by dyadic coping.

Design

A descriptive and longitudinal study.

Methods

Baseline illness perceptions and dyadic coping during hospitalization were measured by using the Illness Perception Questionnaire–revised (IPQ‐R) and the Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI). At the 3rd month after discharge, the Cancer Self‐Management Assessment Scale (CSMAS) and the Caregiver's Contribution to the Cancer Patient's Self‐Management Scale (CC‐CPSMS) were used to test the dyads' illness management. Then, the actor–partner interdependence mediation model (APIMeM) was constructed to explore intrapersonal and interpersonal effects.

Results

A total of 225 postsurgical breast cancer patients and their spouses completed the questionnaires. It revealed that patients' or spouses' illness perceptions had both positive and negative direct actor effects on their own illness management (positive: personal control and illness coherence dimension; and negative: timeline acute/chronic, consequence, emotional representation and causes‐uncontrollable factors dimension). The significant direct partner effects were only displayed in the timeline acute/chronic dimension. Moreover, dyadic coping had mediating effects on these paths, and only the actor–actor and partner–actor indirect effects were statistically significant.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the significance of illness perceptions in influencing dyads' illness management and reveals the underlying mediating mechanism of dyadic coping. It can provide more specific guidance for dyadic interventions to optimize dyads' behaviour among breast cancer patients and their spouses.
TRPV4 stimulates colonic afferents through mucosal release of ATP and glutamate
Authors: Meng Michelle Y. , Paine Luke W. , Sagnat David , Bello Ivana , Oldroyd Sophie , Javid Farideh , Harper Matthew T. , Hockley James R. F. , St. John Smith Ewan , Owens Róisín M. , Alric Laurent , Buscail Etienne , Welsh Fraser , Vergnolle Nathalie , Bulmer David C.
Published: December 2024

Background and Purpose

Abdominal pain is a leading cause of morbidity for people living with gastrointestinal disease. Whereas the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel has been implicated in the pathogenesis of abdominal pain, the relative paucity of TRPV4 expression in colon‐projecting sensory neurons suggests that non‐neuronal cells may contribute to TRPV4‐mediated nociceptor stimulation.

Experimental Approach

Changes in murine colonic afferent activity were examined using ex vivo electrophysiology in tissues with the gut mucosa present or removed. ATP and glutamate release were measured by bioluminescence assays from human colon organoid cultures and mouse colon. Dorsal root ganglion sensory neuron activity was evaluated by Ca2+ imaging when cultured alone or co‐cultured with colonic mucosa.

Key Results

Bath application of TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A elicited a robust increase in murine colonic afferent activity, which was abolished by removing the gut mucosa. GSK1016790A promoted ATP and glutamate release from human colon organoid cultures and mouse colon. Inhibition of ATP degradation in mouse colon enhanced the afferent response to GSK1016790A. Pretreatment with purinoceptor or glutamate receptor antagonists attenuated and abolished the response to GSK1016790A when given alone or in combination, respectively. Sensory neurons co‐cultured with colonic mucosal cells produced a marked increase in intracellular Ca2+ to GSK1016790A compared with neurons cultured alone.

Conclusion and Implications

Our data indicate that mucosal release of ATP and glutamate is responsible for the stimulation of colonic afferents following TRPV4 activation. These findings highlight an opportunity to target the gut mucosa for the development of new visceral analgesics.
The paracetamol metabolite N‐acetyl‐4‐benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) prevents modulation of KV7 channels via G‐protein coupled receptors by interference with PIP2 and Ca2+ sensitivity
Authors: Losgott Thomas , Kudlacek Oliver , Yang Jae‐Won , Schicker Klaus W. , Boehm Stefan , Salzer Isabella
Published: December 2024

Background and Purpose

Paracetamol has been found to alleviate inflammatory pain by modulating KV7 channels. Its metabolite N‐acetyl‐4‐benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) increases currents through these channels via a stretch of three cysteine residues in the channel S2–S3 linker. Through this effect, the excitability of neurons in the pain pathway is dampened. Inflammatory mediators, in turn, enhance the excitability of sensory neurons by inhibiting KV7 channels. Here, a specific interaction between NAPQI and the so‐called inflammatory soup was investigated.

Experimental Approach

Currents through KV7 channels were measured in sensory neurons and after heterologous expression in tsA201 cells. In addition, changes in cytosolic Ca2+ and in the distribution of PIP2 (PI(4,5)P2) between membrane and cytosol were determined by fluorescence microscopy.

Key Results

NAPQI abolished Ca2+‐mediated inhibitory effects of an ‘inflammatory soup’ containing ADP, ATP, bradykinin, histamine, 5‐hydroxytryptamine, prostaglandin E2, substance P and a PAR2 agonist on KV7 channel currents in sensory neurons. Moreover, the increase of KV7.2 channel currents by quenching of cytosolic Ca2+ as well as the current decrease by depletion of membrane PIP2 was impaired by NAPQI. These effects were lost in mutant channels lacking the three cysteines in the S2–S3 linker.

Conclusion and Implication

NAPQI targets the three‐cysteine motif in the S2–S3 linker of KV7.2 channels to counteract the signalling cascades employed by inflammatory mediators that inhibit these channels. In sensory neurons, this abolishes the closure of KV7 channels by the inflammatory soup. This mechanism is likely involved in the alleviation of inflammatory pain by paracetamol.
Instruments to Assess Transition Readiness Among Adolescents With Chronic Disease: A COSMIN Systematic Review of Measurement Properties
Authors: Yi Ting , Hu Yiwen , Xia Lin , Zhang Yao , Chen Xuewei , Dong Chaoqun
Published: December 2024

Background

Transition readiness is a key predictor of the success of the medical transition. There are numerous categories of assessment instruments for transition readiness in adolescents with chronic disease, but systematic integration and standardized evaluation of instruments are limited regarding measurement properties, complicating the selection of scientifically valid and reasonable instruments. This review aimed to critically appraise, compare, and summarize the transition readiness assessment instruments in adolescents with chronic diseases.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted in 10 databases from their inception to September 3, 2023. The Consensus‐based Standards for Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) systematic review guideline was used to evaluate the quality of the Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and to facilitate the recommendation of the most suitable measuring instruments.

Results

The total number of retrieved articles was 1798, out of which 74 were selected for full‐text evaluation. Finally, a total of 41 articles were included, involving 22 transition readiness assessment instruments. Nine of the assessment instruments were generalized assessment instruments, whereas 13 were for specific chronic diseases. Because of insufficient or uncertain content validity and moderate or low quality of evidence, the 22 assessment instruments were recommended by grade B.

Conclusions

This systematic review offers a comprehensive overview of the measurement characteristics of the transition readiness assessment instrument for adolescent patients with chronic illnesses, along with corresponding recommendations. The findings indicate that no instrument demonstrated superior performance over others. Consequently, future efforts should focus on developing additional high‐quality instruments in accordance with COSMIN guidelines to evaluate transition readiness among this population precisely.
Effect of Loading Angles on Abutment Screw Loosening: In Vitro Study
Authors: Sun Fei , Xu Li‐Bing , Lin Zeng , Jiang Lu‐Lu
Published: December 2024

Aim

Biomechanical performance is a critical factor in the long‐term success of dental implants, with abutment screw loosening being a common clinical issue. This study aimed to examine the impact of abutment screw design and external load loading angles on abutment screw loosening.

Materials and Methods

Abutments and abutment screws with 30°, 60°, 90°, and 180° fitting tapers were fabricated and tested for preload and initial loosening torque. Subsequently, dynamic loosening tests were conducted at loading angles of 15°, 30°, and 45°. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to calculate the stress and strain distribution of the abutment screws.

Results

The findings indicated that large‐taper abutment screws exhibit a higher preload, whereas small‐taper abutment screws demonstrate greater loosening torque values. Additionally, as the loading angle increases, the loosening torque value decreases, and the stress and strain values of the abutment screw increase.

Conclusions

Abutment screws with smaller taper heads exhibited superior resistance to loosening. Moreover, the anti‐loosening performance of the abutment screws decreased with higher external load loading angles.
Collateral damage: China's anti‐dumping case against Canadian canola
Authors: Slade Peter , Kerr William A.
Published: December 2024

In September 2024, China launched a dumping investigation against imports of Canadian canola. The announcement is the latest move in a series of trade disputes between the two countries and is widely seen as retaliation for Canadian tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles. This paper examines the institutions that govern the dumping investigation and the likely price effects stemming from China's announcement. The investigation will be conducted exclusively within China and appeals to the WTO can only be made on the basis that the Chinese investigation violated WTO rules. Such investigations typically sustain the finding of dumping. Given that Chinese imports of canola seed accounted for 23% of Canadian production in 2023, anti‐dumping duties could significantly disrupt trade flows. However, the impact of anti‐dumping measures on Canadian canola prices may be mitigated through trade diversion, increased domestic processing, and the pass‐through of duties to Chinese importers.
Epidemiology of Cholesteatoma in the UK Biobank
Authors: Wilson Emma , Jennings Barbara Anne , Khondoker Mizanur , Philpott Carl M. , Prinsley Peter , Brewer Daniel S.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To identify factors associated with cholesteatoma in a large UK cohort. Although some risk factors are frequently reported (male sex, history of chronic otitis media), other associations require further evidence (deprivation, smoking).

Design and Setting

Briefly, 1140 cholesteatoma cases from UK BioBank were compared to 4551 non‐cholesteatoma middle ear disease and 493 832 ear disease‐free controls. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated for demographic factors including age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation and smoking status with logistic regressions. Odds ratios for overlapping ICD‐10 codes are also calculated.

Results

Cholesteatoma was significantly associated with sex (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for males = 1.33, 95%CI = [1.179–1.491]), age (AOR = 1.02, 95%CI = [1.011–1.026]) and deprivation (AOR = 1.08, 95%CI = [1.059–1.097]) compared to ear disease‐free controls (p < 0.001). Age and deprivation distributions for cholesteatoma and non‐cholesteatoma ear disease were similar. Although there was no significant association with smoking status, cholesteatoma was significantly associated with the ICD‐10 code mental and behavioural disorders due to tobacco use (OR = 2.34, p < 0.001, 95%CI = [1.942, 2.813]). Cholesteatoma was also strongly associated with a wide range of inflammatory middle ear conditions and chronic sinus inflammation, suggesting an increased susceptibility to inflammation of the upper airways.

Conclusion

This study shows a large overlap between cholesteatoma and non‐cholesteatoma ear disease in terms of numbers and demographics, with sex being a key factor distinguishing between the two, suggesting that there are both common and distinct associated factors.
Quality of Information Provided by Artificial Intelligence Chatbots Surrounding the Reconstructive Surgery for Head and Neck Cancer: A Comparative Analysis Between ChatGPT4 and Claude2
Authors: Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo , Marcuzzo Alberto Vito , Lazzarin Chiara , Giudici Fabiola , Polesel Jerry , Stellin Marco , Pettorelli Andrea , Spinato Giacomo , Ottaviano Giancarlo , Ferrari Marco , Borsetto Daniele , Zucchini Simone , Trabalzini Franco , Sia Egidio , Gardenal Nicoletta , Baruca Roberto , Fortunati Alfonso , Vaira Luigi Angelo , Tirelli Giancarlo
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Artificial Intelligences (AIs) are changing the way information is accessed and consumed globally. This study aims to evaluate the information quality provided by AIs ChatGPT4 and Claude2 concerning reconstructive surgery for head and neck cancer.

Methods

Thirty questions on reconstructive surgery for head and neck cancer were directed to both AIs and 16 head and neck surgeons assessed the responses using the QAMAI questionnaire. A 5‐point Likert scale was used to assess accuracy, clarity, relevance, completeness, sources, and usefulness. Questions were categorised into those suitable for patients (group 1) and those for surgeons (group 2). AI responses were compared using t‐Student and McNemar tests. Surgeon score agreement was measured with intraclass correlation coefficient, and readability was assessed with Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL).

Results

ChatGPT4 and Claude2 had similar overall mean scores of accuracy, clarity, relevance, completeness and usefulness, while Claude2 outperformed ChatGPT4 in sources (110.0 vs. 92.1, p < 0.001). Considering the group 2, Claude2 showed significantly lower accuracy and completeness scores compared to ChatGPT4 (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively). Regarding readability, ChatGPT4 presented lower complexity than Claude2 (FKGL mean score 4.57 vs. 6.05, p < 0.001) requiring an easy‐fairly easy English in 93% of cases.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that neither chatbot exhibits a decisive superiority in all aspects. Nonetheless, ChatGPT4 demonstrates greater accuracy and comprehensiveness for specific types of questions and the simpler language used may aid patient inquiries. However, many evaluators disagree with chatbot information, highlighting that AI systems cannot serve as a substitute for advice from medical professionals.
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors in Aicardi–Goutières syndrome: A crossover clinical trial
Authors: Crow Yanick J. , Briggs Tracy A. , Eleftheriou Despina , Parida Amitav , Battison Claire , Giddings Annabel , Kennel Titouan , Parker Richard A. ,   AGS‐RTIs Study Group
Published: December 2024

Aim

To extend the findings of a previous clinical trial suggesting combined abacavir (ABC), lamivudine (3TC), and zidovudine (AZT) reduces type I interferon (IFN) signalling in Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS).

Method

This was an open label, non‐placebo‐controlled phase II clinical trial (NCT04731103) in patients less than 16 years with any of five AGS genotypes. The effect of ABC or 3TC individually, or of combined ABC + 3TC + AZT, on IFN‐stimulated gene (ISG) expression (primary outcome) and IFN‐alpha protein (secondary outcome) in blood was assessed.

Results

Thirteen patients were recruited. Compliance was poor in the ABC + 3TC + AZT arm. No statistically significant effects were observed with ABC or 3TC, or with ABC + 3TC + AZT over 6 weeks. A statistically significant reduction of ISG expression was recorded after 3 weeks of ABC + 3TC + AZT, which was not mirrored by changes in IFN‐alpha protein.

Interpretation

There is insufficient evidence that ABC or 3TC is either effective or ineffective in reducing type I IFN signalling in AGS over 6 weeks. The effect of ABC + 3TC + AZT at 3 weeks supports data from a previous clinical trial of the effect of ABC + 3TC + AZT in reducing type I IFN signalling, although there was insufficient evidence of an effect at 6 weeks. Time to local research and development (R&D) approval, and to sponsor authorization after R&D approval, severely limited patient recruitment.
Shortcutting Photorespiration Protects Potato Photosynthesis and Tuber Yield Against Heatwave Stress
Authors: Meacham‐Hensold Katherine , Cavanagh Amanda P. , Sorensen Peyton , South Paul F. , Fowler Jessica , Boyd Ryan , Jeong Jooyeon , Burgess Steven , Stutz Samantha , Dilger Ryan N. , Lee Moonsub , Ferrari Nicholas , Larkin Justin , Ort Donald R.
Published: December 2024

Over two growing seasons, a chloroplast localized synthetic glycolate metabolic pathway expressed in potato, enhanced tuber biomass. We confirmed that this yield benefit did not come at the cost of tuber quality. In 2022, after two early season natural heatwaves, we observed enhanced daily carbon assimilation rates and increased photosynthetic capacity, with transformed plants having up to 23% higher Vcmax and 13% higher Jmax during tuber bulking stages, indicating that transformed plants were better able to withstand growing season heatwaves than untransformed controls. The increases in photosynthetic capacity and potato tuber mass after early season heatwaves were greater than in seasons without heatwaves and present the AP3 pathway as a promising avenue for yield increases in the face of forecast increased intensity and duration of heatwave events as a result of global warming.
Multiplex CRISPR‐Cas Assay for Rapid, Isothermal and Visual Detection of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) in Penaeid Shrimp
Authors: Kanitchinda Suthasinee , Sritunyalucksana Kallaya , Chaijarasphong Thawatchai
Published: December 2024

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) represent the most economically destructive pathogens in the current shrimp industry. WSSV causes white spot disease (WSD) responsible for rapid shrimp mortality, while EHP stunts growth and therefore reduces overall productivity. Despite the importance of timely disease detection, current diagnostic methods for WSSV and EHP are typically singleplex, and those offering multiplex detection face issues such as complexity, low field compatibility and/or low sensitivity. Here, we introduce an orthogonal, multiplex CRISPR‐Cas assay for concomitant detection of WSSV and EHP. This method combines recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for target DNA enrichment with Cas12a and Cas13a enzymes for fluorescent detection. This assay produces distinct fluorescent colours for different diagnostic outcomes, allowing naked eye visualisation without ambiguity. Further validation reveals that the assay detects as few as 20 and 200 copies of target DNA from EHP and WSSV, respectively, while producing no false positives with DNA from other shrimp pathogens. Moreover, the assay excellently agrees with established PCR methods in evaluation of clinical samples. Requiring only 37°C and less than an hour to complete, multiplex CRISPR‐Cas assay presents a promising tool for onsite diagnostics, offering high accuracy while saving time and resources.
Knowledge and dietary habits regarding anemia of pregnancy in the Republic of Gabon
Authors: Sugino Yuri , Horiuchi Shigeko
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study contributes to clarifying the anemia status of pregnant women living in Gabon, knowledge of anemia, and its association with dietary habits. Thereby, we can provide educational approaches such as health guidance and nutritional counseling for pregnant women in the future.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study used a questionnaire, and the study participants were pregnant women who are in Libreville. The inclusion criteria were as follows: 20 years age or older, a single pregnancy with no history of hematopoietic disease, at least at the second antenatal care and have blood test results, and can read and write French. The survey included basic information, knowledge of anemia, eating habits, and dietary diversity.

Results

A total of 121 questionnaires were analyzed, of which 75 (62.0%) indicated anemia; the mean hemoglobin level was 10.6 g/dL (SD ± 1.25) (range 7.0–14.3 g/dL). The mean number of correct answers out of seven statements about knowledge of anemia was 2.55 (SD ± 1.59). More than half of the respondents understood that anemia also affects the baby, but less than half understood that it affects the mother after childbirth, revealing a lack of knowledge. The group that consumed dark green leafy vegetables was significantly less anemic than the group that did not consume those. (χ2 = 6.563, p = .038).

Conclusion

The maternal anemia rate was 62% in this study. There was little knowledge about anemia, including its effects on the mother's body, premature birth, and anemia without symptoms. And we suggest that dark green leafy vegetables are effective foods for anemia; therefore, healthcare providers can introduce these into their foods and recipes for improving anemia in the health education.
Effects of Virtual Reality on Relieving Pain During Endoscopy in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials
Authors: Yao Yongfang , Qiu Shanhu , Xue Youhua , Wang Boyuan , Zhang Yihan , Wang Xiaoyan
Published: December 2024

Background

Virtual reality is an emerging non‐drug treatment for pain caused by endoscopy procedure. We conducted a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of virtual reality based interventions for pain during endoscopy.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Clinical Trials database were searched until 26 May 2024. Randomised controlled trials on the application of virtual reality in endoscopic examinations were included. The standardised mean difference (SMD) was calculated using random‐effects models, and included studies were appraised using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 1. Meta‐ analysis was conducted using Stata Statistical Software version 17.0.

Results

Overall, 21 studies enrolling 1721 participants were included. Our results demonstrated that the patients receiving the virtual reality intervention had lower pain scores than those receiving the usual care (SMD = −0.42; 95% CI = −0.65, −0.20). Subgroup analysis showed that real‐time assessment of pain scores during the medical process had less heterogeneity (I2 = 20.2%, p = 0.257) and a smaller range of confidence intervals (95% CI = −0.43, −0.14) than retrospective assessment (95% CI = −0.75, −0.09). For different types of endoscopes, virtual reality was statistically significant for reducing pain during colonoscopy (SMD = −0.70; 95% CI = −1.12, −0.28), cystoscopy (SMD = −0.28; 95% CI = −0.53, −0.04) and laparoscopy (SMD = −0.54; 95% CI = −0.98, −0.10). Additionally, statistically significant improvements in relieving anxiety were reported when using virtual reality (SMD = −0.56; 95% CI = −0.78, −0.35).

Conclusion

The application of virtual reality can effectively relieve the pain and anxiety of endoscopy. The types of endoscopy and the way of retrospective evaluation of pain scores were the main sources of heterogeneity. More rigorous studies about the relationship between virtual reality and endoscopic pain relief will be needed.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The application effect of virtual reality technology on endoscopy was verified by summarising several randomised controlled trials. Patients and healthcare providers can be better informed about the use of such intervention to relieve pain.

Patient or Public Contribution

Virtual reality is recommended as being potentially useful and practical for reducing the pain of endoscopy.
Learning and Giving Compassionate Care to Patients: Perspectives of the ICU Nurses
Authors: Vang'ota Dorice Zacharia , Masika Golden Mwakibo
Published: December 2024

Background

Compassion forms the basis for nursing practice and is an essential component of patient‐centered care. It is vital, essential and of great significance to relieve patient's suffering and have a positive impact on the quality of care provided by a nurse. In the context of Tanzania, knowledge on learning and giving compassionate nursing care to patients remained unresearched.

Aims

To explore nurse's perspectives on how they learn and give compassionate nursing care to patients in ICUs in Tanzania.

Methodology

A qualitative descriptive study design using in‐depth interviews was conducted amongst eleven (11) ICU nurses of two hospitals in Dodoma region. Audio‐recording and notetaking were used to collect data. Data from the audio records were transcribed verbatim and subjected to inductive thematic analysis using manifest codding approach with a semantic focus. We report this paper according to COREQ checklist.

Results

Three themes emerged from data that summarised the nurses' perspectives on learning and giving compassionate care to patients in ICUs. These themes included (i) Sources and learning of compassionate nursing care (ii) Practicing compassionate nursing care and (iii) impact of compassionate nursing care. Overall, nurses in this setting expressed compassion to as a combination of empathy, ethical view, duty to care and readiness to go extra mile to address patients needs defined their unique view of compassion.

Conclusion and Recommendation

Emphasis of compassionate nursing care in formal training curricula, role modelling on compassion in clinical settings and motivation of nurses in critical care settings may facilitate provision of compassionate nursing care amongst patients in ICUs.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The findings of the present study underscore the nurse's perspectives on compassionate nursing care and what motivates and prevents them to provide compassionate care to patients.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
What Do Nurses Think of Their Role in the Hospital's Restorative Care and Rehabilitation Services for Older Patients?: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Adhikari Ramen , Dafny Hila Ariela , Bellis Anita De , Parry Yvonne Karen , Iyangbe Uyi Gabriel
Published: December 2024

Aims

To examine rehabilitation nurses' perspectives on their roles in caring for older patients in hospitals, emphasising how they fulfil these roles and their significance in geriatric rehabilitation (GR).

Background

The need for rehabilitation services was rising with an aging population. Rehabilitation nurses provided evidence‐based care to older patients and encouraged them to participate in their rehabilitation goals. Rehabilitation nurses were vital to recovery; their contributions needed to be appreciated and valued.

Design

A qualitative systematic review.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for qualitative evidence and a PROSPERO protocol CRD42023435728 published beforehand. From inception to 9 October, 2023, a comprehensive database search was developed using Medline and translated into five databases, including CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest and Ageline.

Results

Thirty‐three studies were reviewed, identifying six key themes, including decision‐making, nursing role gaps, care coordination, communication, nursing skills and gender preference.

Conclusion

This review examined rehabilitation nurses' experiences working with older patients in rehabilitation services. It highlighted gaps in their recognition and decision‐making involvement despite being care coordinators, caregivers and advocates who were undervalued as rehabilitation team members.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

The review highlighted the importance of valuing nurses' contributions and re‐evaluating the rehabilitation model.

Further Implications of This Study

Interviewing rehabilitation nurses can validate the findings, potentially improving rehabilitation nursing practices for older patients.

Reporting Method

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA).

No Patient or Public Contribution

Not applied since it was a systematic review.
More Grateful Today, Less Depressive Tomorrow: The Day‐to‐Day Association Between Gratitude and Depressed Mood
Authors: Zhang Linting , Hui Bryant Pui Hung , Jiang Da , Kong Feng
Published: December 2024

Objective

Previous research has documented a negative between‐person association between gratitude and depressed mood. However, how gratitude relates to depressed mood at the within‐person level remains less understood. The current study aimed to revisit the association between gratitude and depressed mood using a daily diary approach and examine the potential moderating effects of trait gratitude, neuroticism, and extraversion.

Method

Our sample consisted of 243 college students (Mage = 19.12), who reported their daily levels of gratitude and depressed mood for 14 days. There is a final sample of 3384 diaries.

Results

The multilevel cross‐lagged path analysis revealed that gratitude was negatively associated with depressed mood on the subsequent day. This result remained consistent after controlling for well‐being from the previous day. Furthermore, trait gratitude, neuroticism, and extraversion did not moderate the relationship between gratitude on day n−1 and depressed mood on day n.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the benefits of gratitude in daily life, suggesting that gratitude might function as a protective factor in mitigating depressed mood.
Long‐term outcomes of kidney replacement therapy in Australians with prune belly syndrome
Authors: Curran Isabella , Jose Erin , Burgess James , Cuthbertson Laura , English Jenni , Jose Matthew D
Published: December 2024

Aim

The aim of this study was to describe long‐term outcomes of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in Australians with prune belly syndrome in comparison to a control group of congenital kidney disease.

Methods

We identified all Australians treated with KRT between 1977 and 2021 with a diagnosis of PBS from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry.

Results

We identified 37 males (no females) who commenced KRT at a median age of 17 years (range 1–45). At initiation of KRT treatment, 54% of patients were on haemodialysis, 30% on peritoneal dialysis and 16% received a pre‐emptive kidney transplant. Forty‐eight kidney transplants (35 first, 11 second and 2 third grafts) occurred, of which 48% were from deceased donors. Median age at first transplant was 21 years (range 2–47). Graft survival at 1, 5 and 10 years for first grafts was 91%, 71% and 51%, respectively (range 6 days to 36 years). Three men reported parenthood at median age 35 years. There were 10 deaths reported at a median age of 37 years (range 17–49). Reported aetiology was cardiac death (50%), malignancy (20%), dialysis cessation (10%) and uncertain cause (20%). Compared to an age and gender‐matched control group of people with congenital kidney dysplasia, Australians with PBS had equivalent peritoneal dialysis technique survival, but slightly better transplant graft and overall survival.

Conclusion

Prune belly syndrome has marked variation in outcomes from KRT, but overall, these were equivalent or better than a matched control group with congenital kidney disease, including use of peritoneal dialysis (despite lack of abdominal wall musculature).
Parasite load, throat colors, and cellular immune response in Quedenfeldtia trachyblepharus, a high‐altitude gecko endemic to Morocco
Authors: Er‐Rguibi O. , Aglagane A. , Laghzaoui E. M. , Kimdil L. , El Mouden E. H.
Published: December 2024

Color polymorphisms in lizards are maintained by complex interactions between environmental factors, genetics, and physiological traits (e.g., immunity) that can differ among morphs. Here, we investigated the relationship between mite load, throat coloration (orange, yellow, and white), and cell‐mediated immune responsiveness (CMI) in the Atlas day gecko, Quedenfeldtia trachyblepharus (Boettger, 1874) during its post‐mating period. We also evaluated the relationship between the patterns of infestation by ectoparasites and sex, throat color, and host size. The prevalence and intensity of infestation by mites did not differ by sex, host body length, or throat color. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship with host body condition. The CMI was related to sex and lizard body size (SVL). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the intensity of infestation and the CMI response of the gecko hosts. Likewise, there was a significant positive correlation between CMI and the scaled mass index (SMi) of the lizards. In addition, geckos with broken tails had a significantly higher CMI than those with regenerated or intact tails. Moreover, CMI differed significantly among morphs; orange morphs had a higher immune response than yellow one, while the white individuals presented the lowest response. Thus, CMI is morph‐specific in this gecko, suggesting that this immunological trait could play a determinant role in maintaining throat color polymorphism in this species.
Incompatible trace element geochemistry of the anorthositic achondrite Northwest Africa (NWA) 15118: Relation to diogenites and the Vestan magma ocean
Authors: Sheen A. I. , Tait K. T. , Di Cecco V. E. , Joy B. R. , Bray C. J.
Published: December 2024

Petrogenetic models for the howardite–eucrite–diogenite (HED) clan of achondrites have been challenged by the lack of substantial plagioclase in the HED record, which is at odds with the chemical composition of diogenites. Northwest Africa (NWA) 15118, an anorthositic achondrite, displays strong isotopic affinities with HEDs and has been proposed as a lunar‐style primary flotation crust of the Vestan magma ocean. Nevertheless, a geochemical link with known HEDs, particularly diogenites, remains to be demonstrated. We present major, minor, and trace element data for plagioclase and orthopyroxene in NWA 15118. Despite textural evidence for post‐crystallization shock and thermal metamorphism, transect major and minor element data reveal that igneous crystallization trends are preserved. Normalized trace element data reveal depletion in Ti, Nb, Hf, Zr in plagioclase and corresponding enrichment in orthopyroxene. Orthopyroxene in NWA 15118 does not plot on the Y versus Ti array formed by diogenite orthopyroxenes, which have a higher Ti/Y ratio. The calculated melt composition in equilibrium with NWA 15118 plagioclase has lower Ti/Y, Ti/Yb, and La/Sm ratios than melts in equilibrium with diogenite orthopyroxenes; differences in the melt compositions cannot be accounted for by the choice of partition coefficients or by single‐stage magmatic processes. Therefore, we argue that NWA 15118 and diogenites are not complementary cumulates that crystallized simultaneously from a global Vestan magma ocean. Furthermore, the modeled evolution curve of such a magma ocean does not produce the composition of NWA 15118 plagioclase equilibrium melts in Ti‐Y‐Yb space, indicating that NWA 15118 is unlikely to have been a primary flotation crust of a global magma ocean. Our findings suggest that the incompatible trace element composition of NWA 15118 likely reflects more complex, multistage magmatic processes and/or source heterogeneities than envisioned in geochemistry‐based HED petrogenetic models proposed to date.
The antisense CircRNA VvcircABH controls salt tolerance and the brassinosteroid signaling response by suppressing cognate mRNA splicing in grape
Authors: Gao Zhen , Su Yifan , Wang Yaru , Li Yeqi , Wu Yue , Sun Xinru , Yao Yuxin , Ma Chao , Li Jing , Du Yuanpeng
Published: December 2024

Soil salinization is a major factor limiting the sustainable development of the grape industry. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are more stable than linear mRNAs and are involved in stress responses. However, the biological functions and molecular mechanisms underlying antisense circRNAs in plants remain unclear.

We identified the antisense circRNA VvcircABH through high‐throughput sequencing. Using genetic transformation methods and molecular biological techniques, we analyzed the effects of VvcircABH on the response to salt stress and the mechanisms underlying its effects.

VvcircABH was located in the nucleus and upregulated by salt stress, while the expression level of its cognate gene VvABH (alpha/beta‐hydrolase) was downregulated. VvcircABH overexpression or VvABH silencing greatly enhanced grape salt tolerance. VvcircABH could bind to the overlapping region and inhibits VvABH pre‐mRNA splicing, thereby decreasing the expression level of VvABH. Additionally, VvcircABH repressed the additive effect of VvABH on the interaction between VvBRI1 (brassinosteroid‐insensitive 1) and VvBKI1 (BRI1 kinase inhibitor 1), thus influencing the plant's response to BR, which plays important roles in plant salt tolerance.

We conclude that VvcircABH and VvABH play distinct roles in the salt tolerance and brassinosteroid signaling response, and VvcircABH could govern the expression of VvABH by inhibiting its splicing.