bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hipernatremia dan Penatalaksanaanya
Authors: Setyawan Yuswanto
Published: June 2021

Abstract: Hypernatremia could be caused by loss of water (increased loss or decreased intake), and although rarely, due to over intake of natrium. Patients who are at risk of hypernatremia are those with disturbance of thirst or limited access of water. Several factors that could cause hypernatremia especially among geriatric patients are, as follows: change of thirst stimuli, decreased ability to concentrate urine, and decreased total body water. Clinical signs of hypernatremia are usually not specific, however, patients tend to become symptomatic if hypernatemia occurs acutely. Hypernatremia clinical signs are mostly neurological related to the severity and the change of serum sodium concentration. Complications of hypernatremia are inter alia shrinkage of brain tissue due to the movement of water from intracellular to extracellular fluid which results in injury of brain vessels, bleeding in the brain, and a variety of neurological signs due to brain involovement which could lead to death. Management of hypernatremia has to be carried out accurately and thoroughly because inaccurate or too-rapid correction could risk the occurrence of cerebral edema.Keywords: hypernatremia, total body water  Abstrak: Hipernatremia dapat disebabkan oleh kehilangan air (peningkatan kehilangan atau penurunan asupan) dan, walaupun jarang, karena kelebihan asupan natrium. Yang berisiko tinggi untuk hipernatremia ialah mereka dengan gangguan mekanisme rasa haus atau keterbatasan akses terhadap air. Berbagai faktor dapat menyebabkan hipernatremia terutama pada geriatri seperti perubahan rangsangan haus, berkurangnya kemampuan pemekatan urin, dan berkurangnya total body water. Gejala klinis hipernatremia biasanya tidak spesifik namun pasien cenderung menjadi simtomatik saat hipernatremia terjadi secara akut. Gejala hipernatremia terutama bersifat neurologik terkait dengan tingkat keparahan dan kecepatan perubahan konsentrasi natrium serum. Komplikasi hipernatremia ialah antara lain penyusutan otak akibat perpindahan cairan intrasel ke ekstrasel yang dapat merobek pembuluh darah otak, pendarahan otak, dan berbagai gejala neurologik akibat keterlibatan otak, yang dapat berakhir fatal. Penatalaksanaan hipernatremia perlu dilakukan dengan cermat karena penanganan yang tidak tepat atau koreksi yang terlalu cepat dapat berisiko terjadinya edema serebri.Kata kunci: hipernatremia, total body water
Karsinoma Sel Basoskuamosa Palpebra Rekuren: Laporan Kasus
Authors: Supit Wenny
Published: June 2021

Abstract: Basosquamous carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare type of skin cancer with an incidence of less than 2% of all skin cancers and the risk of local recurrence ranges between 15% and 50%. We reported a male, aged 57 years old, working as a civil employee, came to the eye clinic with a recurrent BSCC in the right lower palpebral since a month ago. The patient was previously diagnosed as BSCC and had undergone a surgery to remove cancer cells in 2017. However, in 2019, a scan of the axial incision of the head revealed a tumor mass in the right infraorbital area with T4N0Mx. The hypodense structured tumor mass showed increased contrasting. The opera-tive management performed was extensive excision and deep excision with rotational flaps and drainage attached. Histopathological examination of the tumor tissue and excision margins, optic nerve tissue, as well as infraorbital bone tissue indicated a BSCC. Diagnosis of BSCC was confirmed based on anamnesis, physical examination, ophthalmic examination, head CT scan with contrast, and histopathological examination. This case report was aimed to explore BSCC especially in palpebra due to the lack of data of similar cases as well as the potential for diagnosis and promising management.Keywords: basosquamous carcinoma (BSCC), palpebral, reccurent  Abstrak: Karsinoma basoskuamosa (BSCC) merupakan jenis kanker kulit yang langka dengan kejadian kurang dari 2% dari semua jenis kanker kulit namun dengan risiko kekambuhan lokal berkisar 15% dan 50%. Kami melaporkan kasus seorang laki-laki berusia 57 tahun, bekerja sebagai ASN, datang ke klinik mata dengan BSCC palpebra kanan bawah berulang sejak satu bulan lalu. Pasien sebelumnya didiagnosis dengan BSCC dan telah menjalani operasi untuk mengangkat sel kanker pada tahun 2017. Namun, pada tahun 2019, pemindaian kepala sayatan aksial menunjukkan adanya massa tumor di area infraorbital kanan dengan T4N0Mx. Massa tumor berstruktur hipodens dengan kontras yang meningkat. Manajemen operatif dilakukan eksisi ekstensif dan eksisi dalam dengan flap rotasi dan drainase terpasang. Pemeriksaan histopatologik dilakukan terhadap jaringan tumor dan margin eksisi, jaringan saraf optik, serta jaringan tulang infraorbital dengan simpulan suatu BSCC. Pada kasus ini diagnosis BSCC ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, pemeriksaan oftalmologi, pemeriksaan penunjang berupa CT scan kepala dengan kontras, dan pemeriksaan histopatologik. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk mendalami BSCC khususnya di palpebra karena minimnya data mengenai kasus yang serupa, serta potensi diagnosis dan penatalaksanaan yang menjanjikannya.Kata kunci: karsinoma basoskuamosa (BSCC), palpebra, rekuren
Gambaran Hiperurisemia pada Subyek Keturunan Hipertensi dan Tidak Keturunan Hipertensi
Authors: Berhandus Catrien , Ongkowijaya Jeffrey A. , Kaparang Adeodata M. C.
Published: June 2021

Abstract: Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Hyperuricemia is considered if serum uric acid level >7 mg/dl in men and >6 mg/dl in women. This condition is not only associated with gout but has other associations with various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension. This study was aimed to obtain the description of serum uric acid levels among people who had family history of hypertension and those who did not. This was a descriptive and observational study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were obtained at Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Manado by using consecutive sampling, and then were divided into two groups, with and without family history of hypertension; each of 20 people. Of the group with family history of hypertension, 12 were male (60%) and 8 were female (40%), while of the other group, 10 were male (50%) and 10 were female (50%). Based on serum uric acid levels, 6 (30%) of the group with family history of hypertension had hyperuricemia, while 3 (15%) of the other group had hyperuricemia; all of them were male. In conclusion, people with family history of hypertension had hyperuricemia more frequently compared to those without family history of hypertension, with dominant male sex in both groups.Keywords: uric acid; family history of hypertension; hyperuricemia Abstrak: Hipertensi masih merupakan salah satu penyakit kardiovaskular yang paling umum di seluruh dunia. Hiperurisemia ditetapkan bila kadar serum asam urat >7 mg/dl pada laki-laki dan >6 mg/dl pada perempuan. Hiperurisemia tidak hanya berhubungan dengan gout tetapi memiliki hubungan dengan berbagai penyakit seperti penyakit kardiovaskular, inflamasi sistemik, disfungsi endotel, dan hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran asam urat pada subyek keturunan hipertensi dan tidak keturunan hipertensi. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel diperoleh di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado menggunakan consecutive sampling dan dibagi atas dua kelompok, yaitu keturunan hipertensi dan tidak keturunan hipertensi dari hasil anamnesis; masing-masing terdiri dari 20 orang. Dari kelompok keturunan hipertensi didapatkan 12 subyek laki-laki (60%) dan 8 perempuan (40%), sedangkan dari kelompok lainnya sebanyak 10 subyek laki-laki (50%) dan 10 subyek perempuan (50%). Berdasarkan kadar asam urat, dari kelompok keturunan hipertensi sebanyak 6 orang (30%) mengalami hiperurisemia, sedangkan pada kelompok lainnya sebanyak 3 orang (15%) mengalami hiperurisemia. Semua subyek pada kedua kelompok yang mengalami hiperurisemia berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah subyek keturunan hipertensi lebih banyak mengalami hiperurisemia dibandingkan subyek tidak keturunan hipertensi, dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki dominan pada kedua kelompok.Kata kunci: asam urat; keturunan hipertensi; hiperurisemia
Perilaku Masyarakat Desa terhadap Penyakit Malaria di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Rading Fabio B. , Pijoh Victor D. , Tuda Josef S. B.
Published: June 2021

Abstract: To date, the number of malaria cases in North Sulawesi is still quite high which may be influenced by community behavior. Kauditan District, especially in Kaima village, is one of the areas in North Minahasa Regency that has the highest incidence of malaria. Moreover, community's behavior has changed greatly during the current Covid-19 pandemic. This study was aimed to determine the behavior of the Kaima village community, Kauditan District, North Minahasa Regency towards malaria during the Covid-19 pandemic. This was a descriptive study. There were 100 people of Kaima village as respondents in this study. The results showed that based on the level of knowledge about malaria, 66 respondents (66%) had good knowledge. Based on the attitudes towards malaria, 95 respondents (95%) had good attitudes. Based on the action against malaria, 61 respondents (61%) had good action. In conclusion, during Covid-19 pandemic, people of Kaima village had good knowledge about the malaria incidence, however, there was lack of knowledge about the types and activities of biting of the mosquitoes. Moreover, people of Kaima village had good attitude and good actions towards malaria incidence, albeit, there are still obstacles in implementing these actions.Keywords: behavior; malaria; Covid-19  Abstrak: Angka kasus malaria di Sulawesi Utara yang masih cukup tinggi mungkin dipengaruhi oleh perilaku masyarakat. Kecamatan Kauditan terlebih khusus di desa Kaima merupakan salah satu daerah di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara yang memiliki angka kejadia malaria tertinggi. Di masa pandemi Covid-19, perilaku masyarakat sudah sangat berubah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku masyarakat Desa Kaima Kecamatan Kauditan Kabupaten Minahasa Utara terhadap penyakit malaria di masa pandemi Covid-19. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif. Terdapat 100 responden dalam penelitian ini yang merupakan masyarakat Desa Kaima. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa berdasarkan tingkat pengetahuan terhadap penyakit malaria didapatkan subjek yang berpengetahuan baik sebanyak 66 orang (66%). Berdasarkan sikap terhadap penyakit malaria didapatkan subjek yang mempunyai sikap baik sebanyak 95 orang (95%). Berdasarkan tindakan terhadap penyakit malaria didapatkan subjek yang mempunyai tindakan baik sebanyak 61 orang (61%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pada masyarakat Desa Kaima di masa pandemi Covid-19, pengetahuan terhadap kejadian malaria secara keseluruhan sudah baik namun masyarakat masih kurang pengetahuan mengenai jenis dan aktivitas mengigit nyamuk, Sikap masyarakat dan tindakan masyarakat terhadap kejadian malaria sudah baik, namun terdapat kendala dalam pelaksanaan tindakan tersebut. Kata kunci: perilaku masyarakat; malaria; pandemi Covid-19
Efek Hepatotoksisitas Tanaman Obat
Authors: Fatti Vally T. T. , Lintong Poppy M. , Sambuaga Maria K.
Published: June 2021

Abstract: The utilization of medicinal plants in Indonesia has been going on for generations even before modern medicine began to be marketed. Although its properties are widely known, but certain medicinal plants can give toxic effects to the liver. This study was aimed to re-evaluate the hepatotoxic effects of medicinal plants and changes in liver morphology. This was a literature review study using databases of Pubmed, ClinicalKey, and Google Scholar. The results obtained five medicinal plants that had hepatotoxic effects. Areca catechu showed morphological changes in the form of hemorrhagic, sinusoid dilation, lobular inflammation, lobular disarray, necrosis, interface hepatitis, microsteatosis, hepatocellular cholestasis, and steatosis. Myrmecodia pendans showed the presence of fat degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Annona muricata indicated the presence of hepatocyte swelling. Gynura divaricata showed increases of SGOT and SGPT levels. Vernonia amygdalina Del showed the presence of cellular degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes. In conclusion, the most diverse morphological changes of liver are caused by Areca catechu along with large dose consumption meanwhile the most minimal morphological changes of the liver are caused by Annona muricata.Keywords: herbal medicine; hepatotoxic effect  Abstrak: Pemanfaatan tanaman obat di Indonesia telah berlangsung selama turun-temurun bahkan sebelum obat modern mulai dipasarkan. Meskipun khasiatnya telah banyak diketahui, namun tanaman obat tertentu dapat memberikan efek toksik pada hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kembali efek hepatotoksik tanaman obat dan perubahan morfologik hati. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review, menggunakan database Pubmed, ClinicalKey, dan Google Scholar. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan lima jenis tanaman obat yang bersifat hepatotoksik. Areca catechu menunjukkan adanya perubahan morfologik berupa perdarahan, dilatasi sinusoid, inflamasi lobular, lobular disarray, nekrosis, interface hepatitis, mikrosteatosis, kolestasis hepatoseluler, dan steatosis. Myrmecodia pendans menunjukkan adanya degenerasi lemak, nekrosis, dan infiltrasi sel radang. Annona muricata menunjukkan adanya pembengkakan hepatosit. Gynura divaricata menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kadar SGOT dan SGPT. Vernonia amygdalina Del menunjukkan adanya degenerasi dan nekrosis hepatosit. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah perubahan morfologik hati yang paling beragam disebabkan oleh Areca catechu seiring dengan besar dosis yang dikonsumsi sedangkan perubahan morfologik hati yang paling minimal disebabkan oleh Annona muricata.Kata kunci: tanaman obat; efek hepatotoksik
Gambaran Self Directed Learning Readiness (SDLR) pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Pertama Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi
Authors: Mandolang Arselina C.
Published: June 2021

Abstract: The concept of self-directed learning (SDL) develops rapidly in distance education. This independent learning can be assessed by measuring the score of self-directed learning readiness (SDLR). The Medical Undergraduate Program of Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University uses the problem based learning (PBL) method which requires students to be able to study independently. The SDLR score of students is very important in the first year of study, therefore, the students will be evaluated by the institution immediately, as well as encouraging them to adapt the independent learning method. This study was aimed to obtain the description of SDLR score in the first-year students of Medical Undergraduate Program of Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The study was conducted on the first year students by using the SDLR questionnaire of Fisher modified by Nyambe. The results showed that a total of 109 students (69.87%) had high SDLR score, 44 students (28.2%) had moderate score, and three students (1.92%) had low score. In conclusion, most of the first year students of Medical Undergraduate Program Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University had high SDLR scores.Keywords: self directed learning readiness (SDLR); medical education                                                   Abstrak: Konsep belajar mandiri atau self directed learning (SDL) berkembang pesat pada pendidikan jarak jauh. Pembelajaran mandiri ini dapat dinilai dengan mengukur skor self directed learning readiness (SDLR). Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter (PSPD) Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi menggunakan metode problem based learning (PBL) yang menuntut mahasiswa untuk dapat belajar mandiri. Skor SDLR dari mahasiswa sangat penting pada tahun pertama pendidikan agar dapat segera dievaluasi oleh institusi dan untuk mendorong mahasiswa agar dapat menyesuaikan dengan metode belajar mandiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran SDLR pada mahasiswa tingkat pertama Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter (PSPD) di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi.  Jenis penelitian ialah deskritif dengan desain potong lintang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada mahasiswa tingkat pertama dengan meng-gunakan kuesioner SDLR dari Fisher yang dimodifikasi oleh Nyambe. Hasil penelitian mendapat-kan 109 mahasiswa (69,87%) mempunyai skor SDLR tinggi, 44 mahasiswa (28,2%) dengan skor sedang, dan 3 mahasiswa (1,92%) skor rendah.  Simpulan penelitian ini ialah sebagian besar mahasiswa tingkat pertama PSPD Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi mempunyai skor SDLR tinggi.Kata kunci: self directed learning readiness (SDLR); pendidikan kedokteran
Rehabilitasi Medik pada Pasien Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Parauba Mercy C. K. , Gessal Joudy , Lampah Christopher
Published: June 2021

Abstract: COVID-19 could cause respiratory, physical and psychological dysfunctions. These dysfunctions reduce the patient's functional capacity ultimately. Changes in physical function over a period of hospitalizations and critical illness are more common occurr in patients with more severe or pre-existing disease comorbidities which often lead to mobility disabilities and restrictions in activities of daily life. Physical medicine and medical rehabilitation play an impor-tant role in increasing the functional capacity of COVID-19 patients. This study was aimed to eva-luate the rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients. This was a literature review study using databases of Clinical Key, Web of Science, Pub Med, and Google Schoolar. The keywords used were rehabilitation COVID-19 OR rehabilitation SARS-CoV-2. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight literatures were selected. The result showed that early rehabilitation should be grant-ed to inpatients with COVID-19. Patients with restricted mobility due to quarantine or lockdown should receive exercise programs to reduce the risk of frailty, sarcopenia, cognitive decline, and depression. Telerehabilitation may represent the first option for individuals at home. In conclusion, proper rehabilitation can reduce the consequences of decreasing functional capacity.Keywords: rehabilitation; COVID-19 patients Abstrak; COVID-19 dapat menyebabkan disfungsi pernapasan, fisik, dan psikologis yang menurunkan kapasitas fungsional pasien. Perubahan fungsi fisik selama periode rawat inap dan penyakit kritis lebih umum dialami oleh pasien dengan penyakit COVID-19 yang lebih parah atau disertai komorbiditas dan dapat berakibat cacat mobilitas dan pembatasan dalam aktivitas kehi-dupan sehari-hari. Kedokteran fisik dan rehabilitasi medik memiliki peran penting dalam mening-katkan kapasitas fungsional pasien COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran rehabilitasi medik pada pasien COVID-19. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review menggunakan database Clinical Key, Web of Science, PubMed, dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu rehabilitasi COVID-19 OR rehabilitasi SARS-CoV-2. Seleksi data berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi mendapatkan delapan literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rehabilitasi dini harus diberikan kepada pasien rawat inap dengan COVID-19. Pasien dengan mobilitas terbatas karena karantina atau lockdown harus menerima latihan program untuk mengurangi risiko kelemahan, sarkopenia, penurunan kognitif, dan depresi. Telerehabilitasi mungkin merupakan pilihan pertama bagi individu di rumah. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah rehabilitasi dini yang tepat dapat mengurangi konsekuensi penurunan kapasitas fungsional.Kata kunci: rehabilitasi; pasien COVID-19
Peran Terlipressin pada Penyakit Hati Kronik
Authors: Andrea Decky , Rotty Luciana
Published: June 2021

Abstract: Chronic liver disease is a progressive impairment of liver function. It is caused by non-alcoholic fatty liver, viral infection of the liver, excessive alcohol consumption, metabolic diseases such as galactosemia, autoimmune disease, and the influence of chemicals. Complications that are often found are esophageal variceal bleeding, hepatorenal syndrome, and refractory ascites. Terlipressin, which is a vasopressin analogue, is currently widely used in developed countries because it has been shown to improve survival of patients with esophageal varices, hepatorenal syndrome, and refractory ascites. Terlipressin is the current standard therapy for esophageal variceal bleeding in countries where it is available.Keywords: chronic liver disease; terlipressin  Abstrak: Penyakit hati kronis (PHK) adalah gangguan fungsi hati yang terjadi secara progresif. Peyakit hati kronis di sebabkan oleh non-alcoholic fatty liver, infeksi virus pada hati, konsumsi alkohol berlebihan, peyakit metabolik seperti galaktosemia, penyakit autoimun, dan pengaruh bahan kimia. Komplikasi yang sering ditemukan pada PHK ialah perdarahan varises esofagus, sindrom hepatorenal, dan asites refrakter. Terlipressin yang merupakan analog vasopressin saat ini banyak di pakai di negara maju karena terbukti dapat meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup pasien perdarahan varises esofagus, sindrom hepatorenal, dan asites refrakter. Dewasa ini terlipressin telah menjadi terapi standar perdarahan varises esofagus di negara-negara di mana obat ini tersedia.Kata kunci: penyakit hati kronik; terlipressin
Epidemiologi Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kabupaten Minahasa Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Sumampouw Oksfriani Jufri
Published: June 2021

Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) was a health problem in North Sulawesi Province, especially in the Minahasa Regency. DHF was a multifactorial disease. The purpose of this study were to describe the distribution of DHF patients in Minahasa Regency in 2016-2018. This research was an observational study. Method: This research was conducted in May-July 2019 in Minahasa Regency. The research variables were gender, age and DHF cases. The data used were secondary data from the Minahasa District Health Office. Data were analyzed univariately. Results: The results showed that DHF sufferers at the age of 11-20 years (58 cases). Most DHF sufferers were found in women (83 cases). The incidence of DHF in 2016-2018 has increased by 94 cases. There was a time shift in the occurrence of DHF in 2018. In 2018, many DHF events occurred in August-October. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study was that most DHF sufferers in 11-20 years and female. In addition, there has been a shift in the pattern of dengue fever in Minahasa Regency.
Apakah Beban Kerja, Stres Kerja dan Kualitas Tidur Mempengaruhi Kelelahan Kerja pada Perawat di Rumah Sakit?
Authors: Dimkatni Ni Wayan , Sumampouw Oksfriani Jufri , Manampiring Aaltje Ellen
Published: June 2021

Background: Work fatigue is a feeling of fatigue and a decrease in alertness. The word fatigue indicates a different state of the body but all of them result in a decrease in work power and a decrease in the body's resistance to work. Work fatigue factor, contributes 50% or more to work accidents. This study aims to determine the correlation between workload,  job stress and sleep quality with work fatigue on nurses in The Regional General Hospital of Bitung City and Budi Mulia Hospital Bitung City. Method: This study used cross sectional design. Respondents in this study were nurses who worked at Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Room and Inpatien Room in The Regional General Hospital of Bitung and Budi Mulia Hospital Bitung North Sulawesi Province. The instrument of this study used questionnaire. Results: The results showed there was correlation between workload (p = 0.000), job stress (p = 0.000) and sleep quality (p = 0.002)  with work fatigue. Multivariate analysis showed that the variable most correlated to work fatigue is job stress (β=0.370). Conclusion: The conclusion in this study there was a correlation between workload, job stress, sleep quality with work fatigue on nurses in the Hospital. Job stress was the most correlated factor to work fatigue on nurses in the Hospital.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Stres Kerja Pada Pegawai Rumah Sakit Mata Provinsi Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Singal Esra Margaret , Manampiring Aaltje Ellen , Nelwan Jeini Ester
Published: June 2021

Background: Job stress is a very disruptive thing to work. Work-induced stress in particular results in a decrease in work productivity, such as low worker performance, increased absenteeism, decreased work morale, increased worker turnover which can cause the loss of a lot of working time causing the cost of compensation for workers to increase in capital. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with work stress on the employees of the Eye Hospital of North Sulawesi Province. Methode: This study was an observational study with a cross sectional study design. The population in this study were all employees of the Eye Hospital of North Sulawesi Province. The sample in this study was a total population of 70 employees. The variables in this study were age, marital status, income, years of service and work load, with the dependent variable being work stress. The research data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis and chi-square statistical calculations. Presentation of data is made in table and narrative form. Result: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between age and work stress with p value = 0.031, there was a significant relationship between tenure and work stress with a value of p = 0.004, there was a significant relationship between workload and work stress with p = 0.003, there is no significant relationship between marital status and work stress with a value of p = 0.077 and there is no significant relationship between income and work stress with a value of p = 0.473. The result of multivariate analysis showed that workload (p = 0.002; OR = 21.667) was the most dominant factor affecting work stress on the employees of the Eye Hospital of North Sulawesi Province. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that age, years of service and workload are factors that are associated with work stress. The most dominant factor affecting employee work stress is workload.
Pelaksanaan Protokol Kesehatan Corona Virus Disease 2019 Oleh Masyarakat di Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara
Authors: Sumampouw Oksfriani Jufri
Published: June 2021

Background: The government has set various policies in order to control the spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). However, these efforts have not implemented optimally. The purpose of this study was to describe the health protocol implementation of the Covid-19 to prevention of Covid-19 in Southeast Minahasa Regency. Methode: This research was conducted in Southeast Minahasa Regency in August 2020. The subjects in this study were 210 family heads who met the inclusion criteria. The research variable is the implementation of health protocols in an effort to prevent Covid-19. The research data were analyzed by univariate. Presentation of data is made in table and narrative form. Result: This study showed that people who have the habit of washing hands are 87.9% (high category), using masks by 86.1% (high category) and keeping their distance by 77.5% (high category). Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the community has carried out the health protocol well. However, it is necessary to carry out continuous and massive socialization and monitoring efforts in order to reduce the rate of increase in Covid 19.
Persepsi Masyarakat tentang Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pemerintah tentang Pencegahan Corona Virus Disease 2019 di Kecamatan Tikala Kota Manado
Authors: Nelwan Jeini Ester , Musa Ester Candrawati
Published: June 2021

Background: The government has set various policies in order to control the spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). However, these efforts have not run optimally so that people who violate health protocols are still found which have an impact on increasing cases of Covid-19. The purpose of this study is to describe the public's perception of the implementation of government policies regarding the prevention of Covid-19 in Tikala District, Manado City.. Methode: This study was an observational study with a cross sectional study design. This research was conducted in Tikala District, Manado City in August 2020. The subjects in this study were 100 family heads who met the inclusion criteria. The research variable is the public's perception of the implementation of government policies in an effort to prevent Covid-19. The research data were analyzed by univariate. Presentation of data is made in table and narrative form. Result: The results of this study indicate that as many as 10% of the public think that the government has implemented policies in an effort to prevent Covid 19. The policies with the lowest value are efforts to disseminate information to the public about Covid-19. In addition, government supervision of the use of masks, measuring body temperature and ownership of health documents from health institutions from the public is still around 11%. This indicates that the government's efforts are still not maximal in implementing policies on preventing Covid-19. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the government has not implemented a policy to prevent Covid-19 properly, especially in socialization and supervision efforts. Therefore, massive socialization and supervision efforts must be made and carried out jointly by the government and all stakeholders in the region in order to reduce the rate of increase in Covid 19.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif
Authors: Umboh Oktavin Yollah , Umboh Adrian , Kaunang David E
Published: June 2021

Background: Breastfeeding without other food can meet the growing needs of a baby up to six months of age. The achievement of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia has not satisfactory. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors correlated with exclusive breastfeeding. Methode: This research is a quantitative study using an analytical survey method and a cross sectional approach from November 2018 to March 2019 in the Teling Atas Community Health Center in Manado, involving 140 mothers as a sample. The research variables were measured using a questionnaire and then analyzed using chi square and multiple regression test. Result: This study showed that there was a significant relationship between maternal occupation (p 0,006) and exclusive breastfeeding, while maternal education, maternal knowledge, family support and motivation of health workers had no significant relationship with exclusive breastfeeding (p>0,05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that maternal knowledge greatly influenced exclusive breastfeeding (p 0.04 and OR 2.531). Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the maternal occupational factors had a significant correlation with exclusive breastfeeding. However, the community health center should be more active in motivating pregnant and breastfeeding mother about the benefits and methods of exclusive breastfeeding.
Citra Tubuh, Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Tingkat Aktivitas Fisik Mahasiswa pada Masa Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019
Authors: Managkabo Perdinan , Kairupan Barnabas Harold Ralph , Manampiring Aaltje Ellen
Published: June 2021

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the corona virus outbreak a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Countries in the world affected, including Indonesia. All activities outside the home are limited, including physical activity. Citra tubuh, knowledge, and attitude are factors affecting physical activity. The purpose of this study was to see the correlation between citra tubuh, knowledge, and attitudes with the level of physical activity among students of the Faculty of Public Health, Sam Ratulangi University (FKM UNSRAT) during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methode: This research uses a quantitative approach, with survey methods and associative analysis techniques (correlational). The sampling technique was purposive sampling. This research was conducted at FKM Unsrat students with an interest in Occupational Health and Safety (K3) in January 2021. The sample in this study was 60 students from the total population. The variables of this research are physical activity as the dependent variable, citra tubuh, knowledge, and attitude as independent variables. Questionnaire as a measuring tool. The research data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate with the chi-square test. Data presentation is made in table and narrative form. Result: The results showed that citra tubuh with sufficient physical activity was in the satisfied category, namely 92%, good category knowledge with sufficient physical activity was 85%, good category attitude with adequate physical activity was 80%. Bivariat analysis was showed that there are correlation between citra tubuh, knowledge, and attitudes with the level of physical activity among students of the FKM UNSRAT during the Covid-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the citra tubuh, knowledge, and attitudes were the factors correlated with the level of physical activity among students of the FKM UNSRAT during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Life Satisfaction and Happiness of Russians at a Mature Age
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Permyakova Margarita , Vindeker Olga ,   Ural Federal University, Smorkalova Tat’yana ,   Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities
Published: June 2021

The article describes the results of the empirical study into sociodemographic correlates and subjective correlates of happiness. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the modern world places exorbitant, often conflicting requirements (information-driven, need and motive-based, value-oriented, etc.) on the individual. Our study aimed to define the linkage between the happiness of mature Russians and their satisfaction with different aspects of life. We formed the hypothesis of a connection between happiness and satisfaction with the job, material situation, health, proper rest, inter-spousal relations, and relationships with their children and friends. The results revealed that the feelings of happiness are connected with both objective socio-demographic indicators and the level of satisfaction with different life aspects. Happiness positively correlates with the number of children in a family and income, and also with overall life satisfaction. With age, a subjective sense of happiness “fades” a bit, and the respondents estimate happiness slightly lower (it is more characteristic of the female part of the sample). Men and women do not differ in the level of being happy but there exist some peculiarities in the linkage of happiness with such factors as marital status (being married) and the number of children – unlike men, for women these correlations are statistically significant. Also, men, compared to women, are more satisfied with the material situation and inter-spousal relations and less satisfied with their relations with friends. In general, the obtained results complement the data published in academic literature. Thus, it was found that not all factors considered as predictors of happiness in the public mind correlate with the feelings of happiness. For instance, it was revealed that such an essential factor of material wellbeing as homeownership has nothing to do with a sense of happiness: the respondents with and without own homes are equally happy
A Study into Psychological Mindedness in Relation to Different Types of Reflection
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Putilova Olesya , Vindeker Olga ,   Ural Federal University, Smorkalova Tat’yana ,   Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities
Published: June 2021

The paper describes the results of the empirical study into psychological mindedness in relation to different types of reflection. The relevance of the paper is determined by the necessity to explore such human psychological characteristics that contribute to successful adaptation in the world of information abundance, uncertainty and inconsistency. The consistency between tolerance towards uncertainty and openness to change, on the one hand, and an interest in subjective experiences (own and others’ experiences), interest in internal processes, on the other, was called psychological mindedness. Initially, this concept was used in the framework of a clinical approach due to the necessity to examine the psychological factors of group and individual therapy effectiveness. Later it became clear that psychological mindedness could be a reliable predictor of an individual’s success in different lines of work. In Russia, this construct is under-researched. That is why this given study aimed to collect empirical data on the linkage between psychological mindedness and the highest adaptive type of reflection on a sample of Russian testees. The sample consisted of 149 respondents aged 18 – 65. Methods exploited in the study included Psychological Mindedness Scale by H. R. Conte (adapted by M. A. Novikova and T. V. Kornilova) and Differential Test of Reflexivity by D. A. Leont’ev, et al. The obtained data have confirmed the hypothesis of a connection between psychological mindedness and the systemic reflection. A positive correlation between one of the aspects of psychological mindedness – an interest in the sphere of subjective experiences – and introspection and quasi-reflection was found. Introspection as one of ineffective forms of reflection is negatively linked to the most important parameter of psychological mindedness – subjective availability of experiences for comprehension and analysis. In the course of correlation analysis the specificity of interrelations between psychological mindedness and types of reflection in women, men and mixed-age groups was revealed. The obtained data allow for clarifying the concept of psychological mindedness and differentially carrying out further studies on mixed-age and gender groups.
Exposure to Atrazine Impairs Behaviour and Growth Performance in African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Juveniles
Authors: Opute P.A. , Oboh I.P.
Published: June 2021

Clarias gariepinus juveniles of average weight, 17.57±1.95 g and an average length of 14.26±0.39 cm were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 0 (control), 2.5, 25, 250, and 500 µg L-1 atrazine in a quality-controlled 28-day bioassay. Growth performance was assessed bi-weekly and fish samples were taken from different tanks to determine the relative growth rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, condition factor and behaviour. At the end of two weeks of exposure, the relative growth rate and the specific growth rate among exposed fish groups was found to reduce significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control, an indication of poor growth performance. The average specific growth rates (SGR) of control fish is 3.86±0.02 %/w at the end of the exposure duration while recording -0.64±0.09 in the 500 µg L-1 group. Feed conversion ratio increased significantly from control to the group with highest atrazine concentration. Condition factor (K) of fish among treatment groups showed significant decrease in values with increasing concentration of atrazine in a dose-dependent pattern. Atrazine exposure resulted in behavioural anomalies including erratic swimming, clinging to the water surface, loss of equilibrium, lethargy, and discolouration. The behavioural responses were found to be concentration-dependent. The length-weight relationships for both control and atrazine exposed fish exhibited positive allometric growth and significant relationships as depicted by the value of R2 (coefficient of determination) except in the fish group exposed to 500 µg L-1 atrazine which exhibited negative allometric growth. Findings from this study indicate interference with normal behaviour and growth performance of C. gariepinus juveniles with ecological implications in water bodies exposed to atrazine even at reduced concentrations.
“Kafirlah Hukumnya Orang yang Menyembah Tuhan yang Tiga Itu”: Menampik Tuduhan Terkait Problem Doktrin Tritunggal
Authors: Jatmiko Yudi
Published: June 2021

Tritunggal adalah sebuah doktrin yang amat mendasar dalam iman Kristen. Sekalipun kata “tritunggal” tidak pernah muncul dalam Alkitab, kebenarannya mewarnai sepanjang penulisan Kitab Suci. Walaupun demikian, bukan berarti kebenaran ini diterima begitu saja oleh semua manusia. Dalam konteks Indonesia, yang notabene mayoritas penduduknya adalah pemeluk agama Islam, ide tentang satu Allah tetapi tiga dan tiga tetapi satu sangat bernuansa politeisme. Kaum muslim sangat menjunjung tinggi konsep monoteisme. Berpijak pada kebenaran monoteisme ini, bagi mereka, ide tentang Tritunggal bukan hanya aneh, tetapi juga harus ditolak dengan keras. Mengamati kedua fakta di atas, penulis melihat perlunya sebuah pembelaan apologetis terhadap tuduhan tersebut. Tulisan ini berusaha untuk memaparkan tuduhan kaum muslim berkaitan dengan problem teologis dan logis konsep Allah Tritunggal serta menyajikan sebuah pembelaan apologetis yang memadai. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan sebuah pembelaan apologetis yang obyektif dengan keyakinan bahwa doktrin Tritunggal bersifat monoteistik (pembelaan teologis) dan, walaupun jauh melampaui akal manusia yang terbatas, Tritunggal tidak irasional (pembelaan logis).           

Trinity is a fundamental doctrine in the Christian faith. Though the word “trinity” never appears in the Bible, its truth is displayed throughout the entire writing of the Scripture. However, it does not mean that all people accept this truth. In the Indonesian context, whose major population is Islam, the idea of one God but three and three but one is very polytheistic. Muslims highly regard the concept of monotheism. Standing on this monotheistic truth, to them, the idea of Trinity is not just simply weird but must also be vigorously rejected. Observing the above two facts, the author sees the need for apologetic defense from those accusations. This article exerts to describes allegations concerning the theological and logical problems of the Trinity as well as providing adequate apologetic defense. This article aims to present an objective apologetic defense in the belief that the doctrine of Trinity is monotheistic (theological defense), and even though far surpassing the limited human reasoning, Trinity is not irrational (logical defense).
Some research on the genus Camellia l. (Theaceae) with representatives in Vietnam
Authors: Hoi Quach Van , Thin Dau Ba , Thinh Bui Bao
Published: June 2021

Many studies have been conducted to classify the genus Camellia, yet they have not been entirely consistent. Therefore, doing research on some of the taxonomic systems of the genus Camellia will serve as the basis for the classification and arrangement of recently discovered species into a consistent system. A series of studies based on morphology as well as molecular biology techniques, the classification of pollen spores, and the analysis of leaf anatomy were examined. The systems based on morphological characteristics were inherited and widely recognized, thereby becoming an appropriate method to classify the genus Camellia with representatives in Vietnam.
Bioecological features and prospects for the introduction of Brahea armata S. Watson on the southern сoast of Crimea
Authors: Maksimov Alexander P. , Trikoz Natalya N. , Golovnev Igor I. , Kovalev Maksim S.
Published: June 2021

The history of the introduction of the Mexican blue palm (Brahea armata S. Watson, 1876) in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens was given and the distribution of this species on the Southern Coast of Crimea was shown. Average quantitative biometric indicators of leaves growth and death were analyzed for the growing season on the basis of phenological observations of experimental plants, taking into account the existing agronomic background. The influence of various combinations of meteorological parameters on these factors was determined, causing one or another degree of freezing not only as a result of the effect of minimal negative temperatures, but also of the factor of soil and atmospheric moisture. The threshold values of exposure to extreme negative temperatures for B. armata at the lethal and sublethal levels were determined. Criteria were developed by which in the future it will be possible to provide scientifically grounded recommendations on the cultivation of this species in the conditions of the SCC and the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. The threat of settlement of representatives of the Arecaceae family (Arecaceae C.H. Schultz) with new species of phytophages and infection with fungal diseases was revealed. Recommendations for combating fungal diseases and insect pests were given.
Determination of the Shannon biodiversity index of plant communities formed by edificatory trees using the example of forests in the north of Western Siberia
Authors: Tsibulsky Vladimir R. , Arefiev Stanislav P. , Novikov Viktor P. , Soloviev Ilya G. , Govorkov Denis A.
Published: June 2021

The article proposes one of the tools for effective forest management a methodology for assessing forest biodiversity based on the Shannon index or the evenness of biomes formed by dominant edificator trees. The concept is given and the formula for determining the Shannon biodiversity index for communities (biomes) is provided, depending on the probability distribution of edificator trees. Moreover, the biome index is determined on the basis of the occurrence, and the probability distribution of edificators is determined by the dominant species: larch, pine, cedar, spruce and birch on the territory of their continuous and mosaic growth in the taiga and forest-tundra zones of forestry enterprises in the north of Western Siberia. This makes it possible to give a preliminary estimate of the possible values of the biodiversity index of a vast area occupied by forest using satellite observations. Using the descriptions of biomes of the noted edificator trees given by B.N. Norin, V.I. Valutskiy and E.I. Lapshina, the authors of the article obtained indices of the Shannon biodiversity and uniformity for a number of biomes similar in terms of growing conditions to the forest zone of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area. The probability distribution of edificator trees was obtained on the basis of data on the growing area of these species on the interactive map Forests of Russia as of 01.01.2018. As a result, an assessment of the biodiversity of the forest area in each forestry enterprise was obtained and a map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area forestry enterprises with the digital values of this index is provided.
Resources of medicinal plants of the National Park Bashkiria of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Shestak Polina S. , Chaus Boris Y. , Sultangareeva Lilia A.
Published: June 2021

The vegetation of the Bashkiria National Park is one of the basic components for studying the flora and vegetation of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Accounting and protection of such plant biodiversity is important for their conservation and study. Based on the results of geobotanical surveys in the Bashkiria National Park in the spring-summer period of 2020, 270 species of medicinal plants belonging to 61 families were identified, of which the majority in terms of the number of species are represented by the families Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Ranunculaceae, Fabaceae and Apiaceae. Despite the fact that in geomorphological terms the national park is included in the region of low-mountainous relief of the eastern region of the mountains of the Southern Urals, medicinal plants belonging to meadow and forest coenotic groups prevail in the Bashkiria National Park. The presence of previously discovered species such as Rhodiola iremelica Boriss Rhodiola Iremel, Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench Sandy cumin, Cypripedium guttatum Sw. spotted ladys slipper, included in the Red Book of Bashkiria. In addition, Stipa pennata L. was found feather grass included in both the Red Book of Bashkiria and the Red Book of Russia.