bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aragonitic dendritic prismatic shell microstructure in Thracia (Bivalvia, Anomalodesmata)
Authors: Checa Antonio , Harper Elizabeth M. , Willinger Marc
Published: January 2012

The shells of most anomalodesmatan bivalves are composed of an outer aragonitic layer of either granular or columnar prismatic microstructure, and an inner layer of nacre. The Thraciidae is one of the few anomalodesmatan families whose members lack nacreous layers. In particular, shells of members of the genus Thracia are exceptional in their possession of a very distinctive but previously unreported microstructure, which we term herein “dendritic prisms.” Dendritic prisms consist of slender fibers of aragonite which radiate perpendicular to, and which stack along, the axis of the prism. Here we used scanning and transmission electron microscopical investigation of the periostracum, mantle, and shells of three species of Thracia to reconstruct the mode of shell calcification and to unravel the crystallography of the dendritic units. The periostracum is composed of an outer dark layer and an inner translucent layer. During the free periostracum phase the dark layer grows at the expense of the translucent layer, but at the position of the shell edge, the translucent layer mineralizes with the units typical of the dendritic prismatic layer. Within each unit, the c‐axis is oriented along the prismatic axis, whereas the a‐axis of aragonite runs parallel to the long axis of the fibers. The six‐rayed alignment of the latter implies that prisms are formed by {110} polycyclically twinned crystals. We conclude that, despite its distinctive appearance, the dendritic prismatic layer of the shell of Thracia spp. is homologous to the outer granular prismatic or prismatic layer of other anomalodesmatans, while the nacreous layer present in most anomalodesmatans has been suppressed.
Surgical treatment of severe pulmonic stenosis under cardiopulmonary bypass in small dogs
Authors: Fujiwara M. , Harada K. , Mizuno T. , Nishida M. , Mizukoshi T. , Mizuno M. , Uechi M.
Published: January 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study was to report the long‐term outcome of the surgical palliation of pulmonic stenosis in dogs.

Methods: The subjects comprised three female and six male dogs, mean (±sd) age: 23 (±25) months, mean (±sd) weight: 3·4 (±2·1) kg, diagnosed with severe pulmonic stenosis and right ventricular hypertrophy, with an average preoperative pressure gradient of 153 (±43) mmHg on echocardiography.

Results: The pressure overload with severe pulmonic stenosis was reduced by valvotomy, i.e., open pulmonary valve commissurotomy, with/without biomembrane patch grafting, under cardiopulmonary bypass. The postoperative pressure gradient at 1 to 7 days was significantly decreased to 65 (±39) mmHg (P<0·05). The reduced pressure gradient was maintained at 58 (±38) mmHg at final follow‐up.

Clinical Significance: Open valvotomy, pulmonary valve commissurotomy and biomembrane patch grafting were effective in reducing obstruction in severe pulmonic stenosis in dogs.
Distribution and persistence of topical clotrimazole after sinus infusion in normal canine cadavers
Authors: Hayes G. M. , Demetriou J. L.
Published: January 2012

Objectives: To determine the in vitro persistence of clotrimazole 1% cream in the canine frontal sinus and to evaluate the distribution of clotrimazole solution over the sino‐nasal mucosa using a previously described surgical treatment protocol for canine nasal aspergillosis.

Methods: Two canine skulls were used to monitor the persistence of clotrimazole cream in the lateral frontal sinus at 37°C. The distribution of irrigation solution around the frontal sinus compartments and nasal cavity was determined using six canine cadaver heads by trephining either the lateral or both the lateral and rostral compartments of the frontal sinus. Stain was added to the sinus irrigation solution before visually inspecting the sagittally sectioned heads.

Results: Clotrimazole cream persisted in the frontal sinus for at least 96 hours. The nasal cavity mucosa was completely stained in 8 of 12 sides and almost completely stained in the remaining 4 of 12 sides. Flushing irrigation solution through the lateral compartment of the frontal sinus resulted in inadequate staining of the rostral compartment but medicating both the lateral and rostral compartments resulted in complete coating of all frontal sinus mucosa in eight of eight sides.

ClinicalSignificance: Clotrimazole cream has the potential to be retained in the frontal sinus for several days and is distributed effectively in normal canine cadavers. Medicating both the rostral and lateral compartments of the frontal sinus may be indicated in some clinical cases.
Promoter methylation regulates cigarette smoke‐stimulated cyclooxygenase‐2 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: MENG Xin Ying , ZHU Sheng Tao , ZHOU Qiao Zhi , LI Peng , WANG Yong Jun , ZHANG Shu Tian
Published: January 2012

OBJECTIVE:  Cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) could promote esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) through upregulation of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) expression. Promoter methylation mediates the transcriptional modulation of the COX‐2 gene. The aim of the study was to explore whether COX‐2 promoter methylation regulated COX‐2 expression and functional activity in ESCC exposed to CSE.

METHODS:  The methylation status of COX‐2 promoter in two human ESCC cell lines, EC109 and TE‐1, was examined using bisulfite sequencing analysis. COX‐2 mRNA and protein expression were detected by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTS:  The promoter was hypermethylated in TE‐1 which had a low level of COX‐2 expression and was hypomethylated in EC109 with a relatively high level of COX‐2 expression. Stimulation by cigarette smoke ethanol extract (EE) resulted in increased COX‐2 expression in EC109, but not in TE‐1. Treatment with 5‐aza‐2'‐deoxycytidine (5‐aza‐DC) demethylated the promoter and upregulated COX‐2 expression as well as PGE2 production in TE‐1, especially followed by EE stimulation. No significant effect was observed in EC109.

CONCLUSION:  These findings suggest that promoter methylation may be one of the mechanisms regulating COX‐2 expression in ESCC in response to stimulation of CSE.
Validation of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales as a routine measure of outcome in early intervention programmes
Authors: Preti Antonio , Pisano Alessia , Cascio Maria Teresa , Galvan Federico , Monzani Emiliano , Meneghelli Anna , Cocchi Angelo
Published: January 2012

Aim: So far, no study has assessed the validity of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) in patients enrolled in early intervention programmes, nor has any study evaluated the validity of the HoNOS in people at ultra high‐risk (UHR) of psychosis. This study set out to assess the validity and reliability of the HoNOS as a measure of outcome in the patients enrolled in an early intervention programme.

Methods: The concurrent, discriminant and predictive validity, and the reliability of the HoNOS as a measure of outcome in an early intervention programe were assessed in 87 first‐episode psychosis (FEP) patients, and in 81 patients at UHR of psychosis.

Results: Reliability indexes were good in the FEP sample, and less good in the UHR sample. HoNOS total scores differentiated between FEP and UHR patients, and the HoNOS subscales proved able to assess a specific profile of symptoms in the two samples, demonstrating a helpful adjunctive measure of health status without complete overlap with other scales. Sensitivity to change was also very good, again with differences between FEP and UHR patients. HoNOS scores at intake did not predict failure to attain remission in FEP patients. There were too few cases of transition to psychosis (n = 2) to assess predictive validity of HoNOS in the UHR sample.

Conclusion: HoNOS possesses satisfactory sensitivity and validity to be used in the routine assessment in early intervention programmes.
Oral vascular malformation in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a case report
Authors: Hopp Renato Nicolás , de Siqueira Douglas Cardoso , Sena‐Filho Marcondes , Jorge Jacks
Published: January 2012

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an inherited mucocutaneous disease characterized by recurrent epistaxis, lesions on skin and oral mucosa, and arteriovenous malformations of the soft tissues. This article describes the treatment of a 64‐year‐old woman with a bleeding nodule, which was diagnosed as an arteriovenous malformation of the gingival mucosa. She was treated using sclerotherapy. Patients with HHT can be treated in the dental office and vascular malformations of these patients can be successfully managed with sclerotherapy, which eliminates the need for invasive surgical procedures and the possibility of postsurgical complications.
A one‐year survey of inpatient dental consultations at a children's hospital
Authors: Kanuga Shukan , Sheller Barbara , Williams Bryan J. , Mancl Lloyd
Published: January 2012

This study describes dental consultations for pediatric inpatients. Records of inpatient dental consultations in 2007 were analyzed to determine consultation reasons, diagnoses, treatment, and demographics. Consultations from Hematology‐Oncology (Hem‐Onc) and Transplant Oncology (T‐Onc) were further analyzed. One hundred and fifty‐five consultations were performed for 133 subjects. Hem‐Onc (37%) and T‐Onc (17%) were the most frequent consultations. Requests were most frequently for baseline evaluation (33%) and oral pain/discomfort (10%). Frequent dental diagnoses were soft tissue conditions (29%) and caries (23%). A dental home preexisted for 48% of subjects and in 44% of consultations with caries and 53% without caries. Caries was present in 30% of consultations where Medicaid was sole payer versus 18% with non‐Medicaid payers. Subjects from the Oncology department had more baseline evaluations, frequently had soft tissue diagnoses, and more often received preventive counseling and treatment under general anesthesia. In conclusion, dentists play an important role in optimal management of certain hospital inpatients.
Searching for “Community”: Making English Rural History Collections Relevant Today
Authors: Smith Rhianedd
Published: January 2012

Abstract  Rural history museums in England developed with the support of local and national communities. Over the past 20 years, they have increasingly been seen as out of touch with contemporary countryside issues and museum practice. This article explores some of the meanings of the term “community engagement” for this type of collection. It aims to show that complex issues of spirituality, ethnicity, and “belonging” underlie the relationship of some communities to English collections. The nature of rural collections means they may privilege romanticized images of the rural past over discussions of contemporary countryside politics, and high‐profile “social inclusion” trends. Rural history museums are increasingly fighting to be relevant to their various communities. This article uses a series of case studies to illustrate relevance, and it explores the sustainability of different “community engagement” strategies.
Engaging Islam: Working with Muslim Communities in a Multicultural Society
Authors: Shatanawi Mirjam
Published: January 2012

Abstract  Recent global political events have pushed Islam to the center stage in European and American museums. Since 9/11 there has been a substantial increase in exhibitions featuring Islamic art, the Muslim world, and the Middle East (Flood 2007; Winegar 2008; Ryan 2009; Shatanawi 2012). For museums in Western Europe, the presentation of Islam‐related topics is closely related to the domestic issues of migration and multiculturalism. The new millennium has seen a vigorous debate about multiculturalism in Western Europe; several European leaders have declared multiculturalism a failed policy. This paper presents a case study, based in Amsterdam’s Tropenmuseum (one of Europe’s best‐known ethnographic museums), that investigates the complex relationships between audiences and communities in the context of the public debate on Islam. It critically discusses the relevance of a community‐based approach for museums that intend to reflect the cultural diversity of European societies.
The Digitization of Pacific Cultural Collections: Consulting with Pacific Diasporic Communities and Museum Experts
Authors: Singh Supriya , Blake Meredith
Published: January 2012

Abstract  Reservations about the digitization of cultural collections center on the wish for universal access and scalability. This push toward the digital can infringe on the different levels of access (or non‐access) often required by indigenous communities, particularly for secret and/or sacred cultural objects. Consultation is necessary before digitizing cultural objects in order to ensure that digitization delivers the promised benefits of broadened access while respecting traditional knowledge and copyright. Culturally sensitive consultation needs to include source communities, diasporic populations, museum and cultural experts. It is only then that the Web can potentially revitalize culture, harness the power of the visual, and connect cultural objects to stories of everyday and ceremonial use and meanings. This paper is based on open‐ended interviews in Australia with 27 people from the Pacific diaspora and 17 museum experts and specialists on Pacific cultures. It brings the voices of the Pacific into the discussion of digitization of cultural collections.
Robust Finite-Time Stabilization of Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems based on Fractional Lyapunov Stability Theory
Authors: Pourmahmood Aghababa Mohammad
Published: January 2012

This paper concerns the problem of stabilization of uncertain fractional-order chaotic systems in finite time. On the basis of fractional Lyapunov stability theory, a robust finite-time fractional controller is introduced to control chaos of fractional-order chaotic systems in the presence of system uncertainties. The finite-time stability of the closed-loop system is analytically proved. An estimation of the convergence time is also given. Some numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the usefulness and applicability of the proposed robust finite-time control approach. It is worth noting that the proposed fractional control method is applicable for stabilizing a broad range of uncertain fractional-order nonlinear systems in a given finite time.
Continuum Modeling of van der Waals Interaction Force Between Carbon Nanocones and Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Alisafaei F. , Ansari R. , Rouhi H.
Published: January 2012

Using the Lennard–Jones potential, continuum modeling of the van der Waals potential energy and interaction force distributions are investigated for the eccentric and concentric single-walled carbon nanocones inside the single-walled carbon nanotubes. Furthermore, a new semi-analytical solution is presented to evaluate the van der Waals interaction of the nanocone located on the axis of the nanotube. Eccentric and concentric configurations of these nanostructures are also investigated to obtain the preferred position of the nanocone inside the nanotubes. Finally, the optimum radius of a carbon nanotube for which the preferred location of carbon nanocones is along the tube axis is found.
Vibration of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based Mass Sensor via Nonlocal Timoshenko Beam Theory
Authors: Shen Zhi-Bin , Deng Bin , Li Xian-Fang , Tang Guo-Jin
Published: January 2012

The potential of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) as a micromass sensor is explored. A nonlocal Timoshenko beam carrying a micromass at the free end of the inner tube is used to analyze the vibration of DWCNT-based mass sensor. The length of the outer tube is not equal to that of the inner tube, and the interaction between two tubes is governed by van der Waals force (vdW). Using the transfer function method, the natural frequencies of a nonlocal cantilever with a tip mass are computed. The effects of the attached mass and the outer-to-inner tube length ratio on the natural frequencies are discussed. When the nonlocal parameter is neglected, the frequencies reduce to the classical results, in agreement with those using the finite element method. The obtained results show that increasing the attached micromass decreases the natural frequency but increases frequency shift. The mass sensitivity improves for short DWCNTs used in mass sensor. The nonlocal Timoshenko beam model is more adequate than the nonlocal Euler-Bernoulli beam model for short DWCNT sensors. Obtained results are helpful to the design of DWCNT-based resonator as micromass sensor.
Analysis of defect-free GaSb/GaAs(001) quantum dots grown on the Sb-terminated (2 × 8) surface
Authors: Martin Andrew J. , Saucer Timothy W. , Sun Kai , Joo Kim Sung , Ran Guang , Rodriguez Garrett V. , Pan Xiaoqing , Sih Vanessa , Millunchick Joanna
Published: January 2012

Multilayer and single layer GaSb/GaAs(001) quantum dot structures were grown on an Sb-terminated (2 × 8) surface reconstruction and compared to those grown on an As-terminated (2 × 4) surface reconstruction. Uncapped quantum dots grown on the (2 × 8) surface were approximately 25% smaller in diameter and had a larger width/height aspect ratio. Quantum dots grown on both surfaces were defect free at the quantum dot/spacer layer interface. The dots did not appear to be fully compact when imaged by transmission electron microscopy, which may be due to dissolution and/or quantum ring formation. The quantum dot photoluminescence peak for dots grown on the (2 × 8) surface was brighter but at the same energy as that of dots grown on the (2 × 4) surface. This was likely the result of a higher areal density of dots on the (2 × 8) surface and a lower tendency for them to intermix during capping, resulting in dots of similar size for both samples after capping. Quantum dots grown on the (2 × 8) surface also displayed greater morphological stability when quenched in the absence of Sb.
FEATURE LINE EXTRACTION ON MESHES THROUGH VERTEX MARKING AND 2D TOPOLOGICAL OPERATORS
Authors: KUDELSKI DIMITRI , VISEUR SOPHIE , SCROFANI GIOVANNI , MARI JEAN-LUC
Published: January 2012

Classical approaches of feature line detection rely on curvature derivatives. They generally suffer from a common problem: the connectivity is hard to obtain and it is impossible to generate intersections between feature lines. This article presents a method to extract feature lines on 3D meshes. In order to sort out the recurrent issues of traditional approaches, we propose a novel algorithm based on two ideas. First, all the mesh vertices are marked according to the curvature values: a binary map with candidate regions is then constructed. The second idea is to isolate each candidate region and transform it into a line. To achieve this, we parameterize the region into its 2D regular representation. We then perform a skeletonization to obtain lines with high connectivity. By applying the inverse parameterization, the feature lines are mapped back onto the 3D mesh. In the end, we extract perceptual salient parts and above all connected feature lines. In order to evaluate and validate our algorithm, we compare our method to classical ones and apply our technique to a geological context.
POST-COMPRESSION RATE-DISTORTION DEVELOPMENT FOR EMBEDDED BLOCK CODING WITH OPTIMAL TRUNCATION IN JPEG2000 IMAGERY
Authors: BALSTER ERIC J. , FORTENER BENJAMIN T. , TURRI WILLIAM F.
Published: January 2012

This paper presents a development of the post-compression rate-distortion optimization (PCRD-opt) algorithm in JPEG2000 used for optimal truncation (OT) rate control. The proposed treatment of PCRD-opt differs from the treatment given in the JPEG2000 standard and what is given in a number of publications. The proposed algorithm is implemented in a complete JPEG2000 compression engine as well as the algorithm published in the JPEG2000 standard. The proposed algorithm gives a substantial performance gain, outperforming the implementation given in the standard by 0.25–1 dB in PSNR on average, demonstrating an improvement from the method for PCRD-opt given in the standard.

The proposed algorithm is also compared to the JPEG2000 reference implementation, JasPer, and the popular Kakadu JPEG2000 compressor. The proposed algorithm provides equivalent performance results to both JasPer and Kakadu, indicating that the proposed PCRD-opt treatment provides correct OT of JPEG2000 compressed imagery.
EVALUATION OF CROSS-LINKING TIME FOR POROUS GELATIN HYDROGELS ON CELL SHEET DELIVERY PERFORMANCE
Authors: LAI JUI-YANG
Published: January 2012

To overcome the drawbacks posed by surgical manipulation of bioengineered corneal endothelial cell (CEC) sheets, a simple stirring process combined with freeze-drying method was recently developed for the production of cross-linked porous gelatin hydrogels that can provide the support structure and improve the aqueous humor circulation. In this study, we further evaluated the influence of cross-linking time (0–48 h) on the delivery performance of carbodiimide modified gelatin carriers. It was found that smaller pore size, lower porosity, and larger superficial area were associated with increasing extent of cross-linking of the carrier discs. Although the hydrogels treated for short reaction time (i.e., below 6 h) had low resistance to initial nutrient permeation, these materials exhibited rapid swelling, implying a potential anterior segment tissue squeezing effect for use as intraocular implants. In addition, the delivery carriers with limited extent of cross-linking degraded too fast to be effective for retention of cell sheet grafts at the site of injury. By contrast, the gelatin samples with cross-linking degrees greater than 50% showed slower degradation rates and smaller porous structure, thereby possibly causing a significant inhibition of CEC proliferation. Cell sheet transfer studies demonstrated that the carrier discs with a high cross-linking degree (59.4 ± 1.3%) were more difficult to achieve stable cell attachment than their counterparts with a low cross-linking degree (48.3 ± 1.5%). Our findings suggest that among the cross-linked porous samples studied, 12 h is the best cross-linking reaction time for preparation of cell sheet carriers with suitable delivery performance.
CONSTRUCTION OF A R-STRONGLY UNIT REGULAR MONOID FROM A REGULAR BIORDERED SET AND A GROUP
Authors: Rajan A. R. , Sreeja V. K.
Published: January 2012

In this paper we give a detailed study of R-strongly unit regular monoids. The relations between the biordered set of idempotents and the group of units in unit regular semigroups are better identified here. Conversely, starting from a regular biordered set E and a group G we construct a R-strongly unit regular semigroup S for which the set of idempotents E(S) is isomorphic to E as a biordered set and the group of units G(S) is isomorphic to G. The conditions to be satisfied by G and E are also listed.
POTENTIAL ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AUSTRALIAN FISHERIES AND THE NEED FOR ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT
Authors: NORMAN-LÓPEZ ANA , PASCOE SEAN , HOBDAY ALISTAIR J.
Published: January 2012

The effects of climate change on marine fisheries can be either mitigated by global action on greenhouse gas emission, or managed by encouraging appropriate adaptation. While fishers will autonomously adjust their activities in response to climate change, fisheries management systems may also need to be changed to facilitate adjustment. Identifying the scope of these management changes require some understanding of the impacts of climate change in the absence of any management changes. In this paper, we estimate the climate-related economic impact on Australian marine fisheries and associated sectors for the year 2030, ceteris paribus, based on expected biophysical changes to the resource and using an Input-Output model to capture impacts on the broader economy. Despite considerable uncertainties surrounding potential changes to the biological productivity of capture fisheries, the results suggest that most Australian fisheries and their related sectors could benefit from climate change. Appropriate adaptations could further enhance the benefits and reduce the losses to the fisheries investigated.
POTENTIAL CLIMATE EFFECT ON JAPANESE RICE PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: TANAKA KENTA , MANAGI SHUNSUKE , KONDO KATSUNOBU , MASUDA KIYOTAKA , YAMAMOTO YASUTAKA
Published: January 2012

Adaptation to climate change has become an important policy question in recent years. Agriculture is an economic activity that is most sensitive to climate change. We evaluate the dynamic effects of productivity change and individual efforts to adapt to climate change. Adaptation actions in agriculture are evaluated to determine how the climate affects production efficiency. In this paper, we use the bi-directional distance function method to measure Japanese rice production loss due to climate. We find that (1) accumulated precipitation has the greatest effect on rice production efficiency and (2) the climate effect on rice production efficiency decreases over time. Our results empirically support the benefit of the adaptation approach.
Management of an Unusual Iliac Fossa Venous Plexus
Authors: Best Irwin M.
Published: January 2012

Symptomatic iliac fossa and suprapubic varicosities are uncommon presentations in adults. Such presentations often point to acquired obstructive process to pelvic outflow or to the progression of venous insufficiency and reflux in the pelvic and gonadal veins. Less frequently, venous anomalies of the renal veins or IVC might be implicated. Furthermore, late presentations of congenital or acquired developmental abnormalities might become manifest. As this case illustrates, a thorough understanding of the underlying pathologic process and the anatomical derangement must be sought before any treatment is instituted. Unnecessary extirpation of these varicosities would simply have removed vital physiologic cross-pelvic collateral circulation from the lower extremity in the face of chronic iliac vein occlusion.
Different Implications of Paternal and Maternal Atopy for Perinatal IgE Production and Asthma Development
Authors: Wu Chih-Chiang , Chen Rong-Fu , Kuo Ho-Chang
Published: January 2012

Asthma is a hereditary disease associated with IgE-mediated reaction. Whether maternal atopy and paternal atopy have different impacts on perinatal IgE production and asthma development remains unclear. This paper reviews and summarizes the effects of maternal and paternal atopy on the developmental aspects of IgE production and asthma. Maternal atopy affects both pre- and postnatal IgE production, whereas paternal atopy mainly affects the latter. Maternally transmitted genesGSTP1andFceRI-betaare associated with lung function and allergic sensitization, respectively. In IgE production and asthma development, the maternal influence on gene-environment interaction is greater than paternal influence. Maternal, paternal, and/or postnatal environmental modulation of allergic responses have been linked to epigenetic mechanisms, which may be good targets for early prevention of asthma.
Photocatalytic Oxidation of Gaseous Isopropanol Using Visible-Light Active Silver Vanadates/SBA-15 Composite
Authors: Pan Ting-Chung , Chen Hung-Chang , Pan Guan-Ting , Huang Chao-Ming
Published: January 2012

An environmentally friendly visible-light-driven photocatalyst, silver vanadates/SBA-15, was prepared through an incipient wetness impregnation procedure with silver vanadates (SVO) synthesized under a hydrothermal condition without a high-temperature calcination. The addition of mesoporous SBA-15 improves the formation of nanocrystalline silver vanadates. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) confirms the presence of Brønsted and Lewis acids on the SVO/SBA-15 composites. The results of photoluminescence spectra indicated that the electron-hole recombination rate have been effectively inhibited when SVO was loaded with mesoporous SBA-15. All the composites loaded with various amount of SVO inherit the higher adsorption capacity and larger mineralization yield than those of P-25 (commercial TiO2) and pure SVO. The sample loaded with 51% of SVO (51SVO/SBA-15) with mixed phases of Ag4V2O7and α-Ag3VO4exhibits the best photocatalytic activity. A favorable crystalline phase combined with high intensities of Brønsted and Lewis acids is considered the main cause of the enhanced adsorption capacity and outstanding photoactivity of the SVO/SBA-15 composites.
The Role of Immunoglobulin Superfamily Cell Adhesion Molecules in Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Wai Wong Chee , Dye Danielle E. , Coombe Deirdre R.
Published: January 2012

Metastasis is a major clinical problem and results in a poor prognosis for most cancers. The metastatic pathway describes the process by which cancer cells give rise to a metastatic lesion in a new tissue or organ. It consists of interconnecting steps all of which must be successfully completed to result in a metastasis. Cell-cell adhesion is a key aspect of many of these steps. Adhesion molecules belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily (Ig-SF) commonly play a central role in cell-cell adhesion, and a number of these molecules have been associated with cancer progression and a metastatic phenotype. Surprisingly, the contribution of Ig-SF members to metastasis has not received the attention afforded other cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) such as the integrins. Here we examine the steps in the metastatic pathway focusing on how the Ig-SF members, melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM), L1CAM, neural CAM (NCAM), leukocyte CAM (ALCAM), intercellular CAM-1 (ICAM-1) and platelet endothelial CAM-1 (PECAM-1) could play a role. Although much remains to be understood, this review aims to raise the profile of Ig-SF members in metastasis formation and prompt further research that could lead to useful clinical outcomes.
Counselling Patients with Uterine Fibroids: A Review of the Management and Complications
Authors: Simms-Stewart Donnette , Fletcher Horace
Published: January 2012

Fibroids are very common in Afro-Caribbean women. They can cause severe complications. The treatment modalities are not without risk and should be weighed against the complications of the fibroids.
Preliminary Results on Irradiance Measurements from Lyra and Swap
Authors: Kumara S. T. , Kariyappa R. , Dominique M. , Berghmans D. , Damé L. , Hochedez J. F. , Doddamani V. H. , Chitta Lakshmi Pradeep
Published: January 2012

The first and preliminary results of the photometry of Large Yield Radiometer (LYRA) and Sun Watcher using Active Pixel system detector and Image Processing (SWAP) onboard PROBA2 are presented in this paper. To study the day-to-day variations of LYRA irradiance, we have compared the LYRA irradiance values (observed Sun as a star) measured in Aluminum filter channel (171 Å–500 Å) with spatially resolved full-disk integrated intensity values measured with SWAP (174 Å) and Ca II K 1 Å index values (ground-based observations from NSO/Sac Peak) for the period from 01 April 2010 to 15 Mar 2011. We found that there is a good correlation between these parameters. This indicates that the spatial resolution of SWAP complements the high temporal resolution of LYRA. Hence SWAP can be considered as an additional radiometric channel. Also the K emission index is the integrated intensity (or flux) over a 1 Å band centered on the K line and is proportional to the total emission from the chromosphere; this comparison clearly explains that the LYRA irradiance variations are due to the various magnetic features, which are contributing significantly. In addition to this we have made an attempt to segregate coronal features from full-disk SWAP images. This will help to understand and determine the actual contribution of the individual coronal feature to LYRA irradiance variations.
Influence of the Human Skin Tumor Type in Photodynamic Therapy Analysed by a Predictive Model
Authors: Salas-García I. , Fanjul-Vélez F. , Arce-Diego J. L.
Published: January 2012

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) modeling allows the prediction of the treatment results depending on the lesion properties, the photosensitizer distribution, or the optical source characteristics. We employ a predictive PDT model and apply it to different skin tumors. It takes into account optical radiation distribution, a nonhomogeneous topical photosensitizer spatial temporal distribution, and the time-dependent photochemical interaction. The predicted singlet oxygen molecular concentrations with varying optical irradiance are compared and could be directly related with the necrosis area. The results show a strong dependence on the particular lesion. This suggests the need to design optimal PDT treatment protocols adapted to the specific patient and lesion.
What Would Make Getting Colorectal Cancer Screening Easier? Perspectives from Screeners and Nonscreeners
Authors: Medina Gilda G. , McQueen Amy , Greisinger Anthony J. , Bartholomew L. Kay , Vernon Sally W.
Published: January 2012

Background. Despite the availability of multiple effective tests for colorectal cancer (CRC), screening rates are low. Greater understanding of barriers between screeners and nonscreeners may improve public health initiatives to increase CRC screening (CRCS).Methods. We conducted a content analysis of 625 responses to the question: “Was there anything that would have made getting tested easier?” Respondents were patients at a multispecialty practice who participated in a behavioral intervention trial to increase CRCS. Using clinic records, we classified patients as early-screeners (<6 months), late-screeners(6–12 months), and nonscreeners (>12 months).Results. Both screeners and nonscreeners reported the same categories of barriers. However, early-screeners predominantly cited dislike of test attributes such as bowel preparation, whereas nonscreeners cited concerns regarding finances and work and family responsibilities.Conclusion. Multilevel strategies that address scheduling barriers and external screening barriers may improve CRCS. Future studies may test hypotheses about mediators explaining how screeners overcome barriers.
An Analysis of NCEP Tropical Cyclone Vitals and Potential Effects on Forecasting Models
Authors: Trahan Sam , Sparling Lynn
Published: January 2012

This study analyzes the Tropical Cyclone Vitals Database (TCVitals), which contains cyclone location, intensity, and structure information, generated in real time by forecasters. These data are used to initialize cyclones in several NCEP operational forecasting models via bogusing and vortex relocation methods. In many situations, time is of the essence and the TCVitals database represents the best real-time estimate of the cyclone state possible in real time, given the limitations of available data and time constraints inherent in real-time forecasting. NCEP and other users of TCVitals have a responsibility to work around the inevitable limitations of what forecasters can do for TCVitals in real time. With ensemble systems becoming available, a way to do that will soon be available. However, the TCVitals’ limitations must first be quantitatively understood so that model developers can take them into account. That is the motivation for the present study, which compares the TCVitals storm location and intensity to postseason reanalysis values found in the best-track database and statistically compares the TCVitals storm depth to 946 Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) overpasses. All storms of tropical depression strength or stronger in all basins are analyzed, with a special focus on National Hurricane Center TCVitals for the North Atlantic and eastern Pacific basins, the main areas of responsibility for NCEP. In addition, the sensitivity to TCVitals on the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) model is examined by rerunning the 2011 HWRF for the 2010 North Atlantic season twice: once with TCVitals input and once with best-track input.
Tornado Vulnerability in Texas
Authors: Dixon Richard W. , Moore Todd W.
Published: January 2012

Tornado vulnerability depends on the incidence of and societal exposure to tornadoes for a particular location. This study assesses the vulnerability of Texas counties to tornadoes using tornado incidence and societal exposure composite scores. Three different assessment methods are used to quantify tornado vulnerability and a geographical information system is used for visualization. Using multiple assessment methods facilitates different ways of viewing tornado vulnerability. Even though the three tornado vulnerability maps produced in this study are spatially diverse, some counties were repeatedly identified as highly vulnerable. The most highly vulnerable counties were located within the northern and northeastern portions of the state, specifically in the northeastern corner within the Shreveport, Louisiana, county warning area.
Sensemaking and sensegiving stories of jazz leadership
Authors: Humphreys Michael , Ucbasaran Deniz , Lockett Andy
Published: January 2012

Drawing on contemporary interviews and archival data, we explore how stories can be used as templates to guide jazz musicians’ sensemaking about the leadership of teams, what it means to be a jazz musician and what jazz is (or is not). By going beyond the metaphorical notion of jazz as improvisation, we contribute to theories of leadership by showing how informal storytelling can act as a powerful sensemaking and sensegiving mechanism for leadership and organizing. We also explore the contested nature of stories drawing on the notion of ‘antenarrative’. Our analysis contributes to the body of work on leader sensegiving and storytelling by examining the conditions under which a story’s sensegiving power may be restricted. Our research suggests that the sensegiving power of an ante-narrative and associated stories depends on whether or not they attempt to counter a dominant discourse.
From hero to villain to hero: Making experience sensible through embodied narrative sensemaking
Authors: Cunliffe Ann , Coupland Chris
Published: January 2012

This article aims to make a contribution to the literature by addressing an undertheorized aspect of sensemaking: its embodied narrative nature. We do so by integrating a hermeneutic phenomenological perspective of narrative and storytelling with a documentary case taken from a filmed tour of a sports team to illustrate the process of sensemaking around a specific event. We argue that we make our lives, ourselves and our experience ‘sensible’ in embodied interpretations and interactions with others. We suggest this occurs within contested, embedded, narrative performances in which we try to construct sensible and plausible accounts that are responsive to the moment and to retrospective and anticipatory narratives.
The appropriated language: Dominant stories as a source of organizational inertia
Authors: Näslund Lovisa , Pemer Frida
Published: January 2012

This article suggests that by regarding the semantics of storytelling, we are able to explore how dominant stories influence and may contribute to organizational inertia. Using data from two change projects in large Scandinavian companies, it is shown that in the negotiation of meaning those stories that display semantic fit with the dominant story are perceived as more convincing, while those stories that lack this attribute appear oxymoronic and fail to have an impact. As a result, the organization is only able to change in a manner congruent with the dominant story and becomes inert in other respects. We suggest that a dominant story fixes not only the meaning of events, but also the meaning of the labels available for sensemaking. By this appropriation of language, the dominant story circumscribes sensemaking and storytelling possibilities, and thereby restricts organizational flux.
Sensemaking, storytelling and the legitimization of elite business careers
Authors: Maclean Mairi , Harvey Charles , Chia Robert
Published: January 2012

This article examines elite business careers through the dual lens of sensemaking and storytelling as recounted in life-history interviews with business leaders. It explores how they make sense of, narrativize and legitimate their experiences of building their careers within and beyond large organizations. The research contribution is twofold. First, we explicate the sensemaking processes embedded within the multifarious stories recorded in life-history interviews, identified as locating, meaning-making and becoming. Second, we contribute to the literature on legitimacy by examining how business leaders use their storytelling as a vehicle for self-legitimization, (re)framing their accounts of their own success and justifying their position to themselves and others. In a world where reputations are hard won but easily lost, business leaders must nurture a life-history narrative which is socially desirable if their careers are to remain on track. This may serve them well through the creative evolution of their organizational journeys.
Evaluation of Exposure Change of Nonrenally Eliminated Drugs in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Zhao Ping , Vieira Manuela de L. T. , Grillo Joseph A. , Song Pengfei , Wu Ta‐Chen , Zheng Jenny H. , Arya Vikram , Berglund Eva Gil , Atkinson Arthur J. , Sugiyama Yuichi , Pang K. Sandy , Reynolds Kellie S. , Abernethy Darrell R. , Zhang Lei , Lesko Lawrence J. , Huang Shiew‐Mei
Published: January 2012

Chronic kidney disease, or renal impairment (RI) can increase plasma levels for drugs that are primarily renally cleared and for some drugs whose renal elimination is not a major pathway. We constructed physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for 3 nonrenally eliminated drugs (sildenafil, repaglinide, and telithromycin). These models integrate drugdependent parameters derived from in vitro, in silico, and in vivo data, and system‐dependent parameters that are independent of the test drugs. Plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of test drugs were simulated in subjects with severe RI and normal renal function, respectively. The simulated versus observed areas under the concentration versus time curve changes (AUCR, severe RI/normal) were comparable for sildenafil (2.2 vs 2.0) and telithromycin (1.6 vs 1.9). For repaglinide, the initial, simulated AUCR was lower than that observed (1.2 vs 3.0). The underestimation was corrected once the estimated changes in transporter activity were incorporated into the model. The simulated AUCR values were confirmed using a static, clearance concept model. The PBPK models were further used to evaluate the changes in pharmacokinetic profiles of sildenafil metabolite by RI and of telithromycin by RI and co‐administration with ketoconazole. The simulations demonstrate the utility and challenges of the PBPK approach in evaluating the pharmacokinetics of nonrenally cleared drugs in subjects with RI.
Use of an In Vitro Model of Renal Replacement Therapy Systems to Estimate Extracorporeal Drug Removal
Authors: Churchwell Mariann D.
Published: January 2012

The use of in vitro modeling to predict in vivo drug and solute clearance during renal replacement therapy has evolved to reflect the different dialytic therapies available in clinical practice. This area of renal replacement therapy research is representative of translational research that demonstrates a correlation from bench to bedside where results generated in the laboratory can assist with clinical decisions in the absence of in vivo studies. This review describes in vitro renal replacement therapy models and compares the findings of several in vitro and in vivo studies.
The Old and New Methods of Assessing Kidney Function
Authors: Steffl Jessica L. , Bennett William , Olyaei Ali J.
Published: January 2012

Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide problem. Accurate assessment of kidney function is important for defining stages of kidney disease and assisting with drug dosing. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a good index of the health of the kidney. Although measured GFR using an exogenous substance is the most accurate, it is difficult to obtain due to cost and resources. Equations calculating creatinine clearance and estimated GFR as a measure of kidney function have been developed using serum creatinine as a marker of kidney function. The Cockcroft‐Gault, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations have been shown to have statistically significant differences in estimating GFR in various populations. Drug‐dosing adjustments based on the various equations may differ. However, without clinical outcome data, it is yet to be determined whether these differences are clinically significant.
The Rural and Urban at War
Authors: Lincoln Toby
Published: January 2012

This article explores the impact of the Japanese invasion of 1937 on Chinese cities. Focusing on Wuxi, one hundred miles to the west of Shanghai, the author argues that bombing was mainly limited to those commercial and industrial areas of the city that had come to define its modern identity. At the same time, municipal authorities also took steps to prepare the city and its inhabitants for war, although these were largely ineffective. However, the destruction of the invasion actually led to changes in urban morphology as the city was rebuilt in 1938. Meanwhile, out in the countryside, some towns and villages remained wholly unaffected by the invasion. This exposes the need for a spatial analysis of how violence affects different areas in the city and countryside.
Providing Local Color?
Authors: Bickford-Smith Vivian
Published: January 2012

Jim Dyos, founding-father of British urban history, argued that cities have commonly acknowledged “individual characteristics” that distinguish them. Such distinctive characteristics, though usually based on material realities, are promoted through literary and visual representations. This article argues that those who seek to convey a city’s distinctiveness will do so not only through describing its particular topography, architecture, history or functions but also by describing its “local colour”: the supposedly unique customs, manner of speech, dress, or other special features of its inhabitants. In colonial cities this process involved white racial stereotyping of “others”. In Cape Town, depictions of “Coloured” inhabitants as unique “city types” became part of the city’s “destination branding”. The article analyses change and continuity in such representations. To this end it draws on the insights of Gareth Stedman Jones into changing depictions of London’s “Cockneys” and the insights of Stephen Ward into historical “place-selling”.
When Do Counterstereotypic Ingroup Members Inspire Versus Deflate? The Effect of Successful Professional Women on Young Women’s Leadership Self-Concept
Authors: Asgari Shaki , Dasgupta Nilanjana , Stout Jane G.
Published: January 2012

Three experiments tested whether and when exposure to counterstereotypic ingroup members enhances women’s implicit leadership self-concept. Participants read about professional women leaders framed as similar to versus different from most women (Experiment 1) or having the same versus different collegiate background as participants (Experiment 3). Experiment 2 manipulated similarity by giving false feedback about participants’ similarity to women leaders. In all cases, seeing women leaders reduced implicit self-stereotyping relative to controls but only when they were portrayed as similar to one’s ingroup (Experiment 1) and oneself (Experiments 2-3). Leaders portrayed as dissimilar either had no effect on self-beliefs (Experiment 1 and 3) or increased implicit self-stereotyping (Experiment 2). Dissimilar leaders also deflated participants’ career goals and explicit leadership beliefs (Experiment 3). Finally, implicit self-beliefs became less stereotypic regardless of whether women believed the similarity feedback, but explicit self-beliefs changed only when they believed the feedback to be true (Experiment 2).