bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GROWING WHITE DWARFS TO THE CHANDRASEKHAR LIMIT: THE PARAMETER SPACE OF THE SINGLE DEGENERATE SN Ia CHANNEL
Authors: Hillman Y. , Prialnik D. , Kovetz A. , Shara M. M.
Published: March 2016

Can a white dwarf (WD), accreting hydrogen-rich matter from a non-degenerate companion star, ever exceed the Chandrasekhar mass and explode as a SN Ia? We explore the range of accretion rates that allow a WD to secularly grow in mass, and derive limits on the accretion rate and on the initial mass that will allow it to reach 1.4M
⊙—the Chandrasekhar mass. We follow the evolution through a long series of hydrogen flashes, during which a thick helium shell accumulates. This determines the effective helium mass accretion rate for long-term, self-consistent evolutionary runs with helium flashes. We find that net mass accumulation always occurs despite helium flashes. Although the amount of mass lost during the first few helium shell flashes is a significant fraction of that accumulated prior to the flash, that fraction decreases with repeated helium shell flashes. Eventually no mass is ejected at all during subsequent flashes. This unexpected result occurs because of continual heating of the WD interior by the helium shell flashes near its surface. The effect of heating is to lower the electron degeneracy throughout the WD, especially in the outer layers. This key result yields helium burning that is quasi-steady state, instead of explosive. We thus find a remarkably large parameter space within which long-term, self-consistent simulations show that a WD can grow in mass and reach the Chandrasekhar limit, despite its helium flashes.
Review of the Palaearctic (and Oriental) Allurus (Braconidae, Euphorinae) based on material from Sweden
Authors: Stigenberg Julia , Van Achterberg Kees
Published: March 2016

The tribe Centistini includes three genera, Allurus, Centistes and Centistoides (Stigenberg et al. 2015). They are solitary endoparasitoids of adults and final instar larvae of beetles from the family Curculionidae (Jackson 1920, Aeschlimann 1980, Tobias 1986)

In this paper we present a key, molecular data (standard DNA barcode, CO1) and images of the two species of Allurus occurring in the Western Palaearctic. A third Oriental species described from China (Taiwan) is also included in the key. Allurus is a Holarctic genus with three known species (A. choui, A. lituratus, A. muricatus). Our sequence data confirms that A. muricatus and A. lituratus are two distinct and separate species and this paper points out good and easy characters to separate them.
First record of the thread-legged assassin bug Myiophanes greeni Distant, 1903 (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from India
Authors: Kulkarni Siddharth , Ghate Hemant
Published: March 2016

While surveying bugs and spiders in the caves of Satara District, Maharashtra, one of us (SK) collected a thread-legged bug associated with a spider web.

A Sri Lankan Emesinae bug, Myiophanes greeni Distant (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) is reported for the first time from India. The species is redescribed with several illustrations including male genitalia.
Dire le harcèlement sexuel en Égypte : les aléas de traduction d’une catégorie juridique
Authors: Kreil Aymon
Published: March 2016

Depuis la conférence de Beijing sur les droits des femmes en 1995, l’expression taharrush jinsi s’est progressivement imposée en Égypte comme la traduction standard de la notion de harcèlement sexuel. La circulation de cette notion permet de retracer les modalités de sa constitution en problématique publique nationale à partir du milieu des années 2000. De fait, elle constitue une ressource stratégique pour les associations de défense des droits des femmes, qui cherchent à instituer le taharrush jinsi comme seule problématique légitime pour traiter de la sécurité des femmes dans leurs déplacements. Pourtant, en se popularisant, l’expression s’expose à des réappropriations contradictoires, notamment par les défenseurs de répertoire s religieux qui privilégient le vocabulaire de la pudeur. Des approches divergentes de la sécurité pourraient se révéler déterminantes pour la perception de la problématique selon les quartiers, questionnant ainsi les potentialités et les limites de l’introduction de catégories juridiques comme stratégie pour les mobilisations autour de causes sexuelles.
L’origine comme ressource : la discrimination positive à l’université argentine
Authors: Fernández-Vavrik Germán
Published: March 2016

En 2003, l’Université de Cuyo de Mendoza a proposé un programme de bourses qui se démarque des autres mesures de discrimination positive de l’enseignement supérieur argentin par l’originalité de son critère de sélection. En effet, ce programme ne s’adresse pas seulement aux Indiens (les Huarpes, en l’occurrence) mais aussi à leurs voisins des mêmes villages. Si les boursiers, issus de lycées ruraux éloignés des centres urbains, ont droit à un soutien réservé aussi bien financier que scolaire et à des conseils tout aussi réservés d’orientation professionnelle, l’Université se propose également d’« accompagner » ces jeunes dans la transition culturelle de la campagne à la ville. Comment l’origine devient-elle une ressource pour les acteurs institutionnels dans la conception et la mise en place de ce programme de discrimination positive ? Au lieu d’opposer les critères de sélection ethno-raciaux et territoriaux, ce dernier se présente comme une mesure d’« orientation vers l’origine », adressée à la fois aux Indiens et à leurs voisins ruraux. Outre sur une bibliographie en castillan, portugais, français et anglais, l’analyse s’appuie sur une enquête menée à Mendoza qui a permis de réunir des matériaux divers : enregistrements audiovisuels, observations de terrain, entretiens et dépouillement de documents universitaires.
Le statut des archives publiques dans le discours d’ouverture des données : de la formalisation d’un droit d’accès à l’émergence d’un droit d’exploiter la donnée
Authors: Cornu Marie
Published: March 2016

La loi du 3 janvier 1979 sur les archives rassemble dans un texte unique un grand nombre des dispositions relatives au régime juridique des archives. Elle est adoptée un an après la loi du 17 juillet 1978 sur les documents administratifs, catégorie d’archives publiques soumise à un régime spécifique. Ces deux textes formalisent un droit d’accès à l’information. Ils n’obéissent cependant pas à la même logique. La première loi s’attache à mettre à disposition les gisements de documents qui procèdent de la sphère publique dans le cadre d’un accès différé. La seconde met l’usager en mesure d’être informé, en tant que citoyen, sur l’action publique dans le cadre d’un accès immédiat. Aujourd’hui, la démarche d’Open data consiste à rendre utilisable la donnée de façon à ce que l’usager puisse l’exploiter, la valoriser. Le fait qu’un document soit librement accessible et communicable n’en libère pas en toute hypothèse l’exploitation. Outre la réservation des droits de tiers, la liberté d’accès n’induit pas la libre exploitation. L’ordonnance de 2005 sur le droit de réutilisation des informations du secteur public met en tension, dans des termes nouveaux, logique de commerce des données et logique de gratuité. Cette tension s’exprime aujourd’hui au travers des chantiers législatifs en cours, dans lesquels alternent discours de l’ouverture des données, et nécessités économiques. ■
L’ouverture des données de l’INPI
Authors: Darnand Pauline , Fonseca Tinoco Karlo
Published: March 2016

L’Institut national de la propriété intellectuelle (INPI), établissement public doté de la personnalité civile et de l’autonomie financière, est aujourd’hui directement visé par l’Open data. L’INPI intervient dans deux cadres distincts, mais intimement liés : celui, d’une part, de la propriété intellectuelle et celui, d’autre part, du droit des sociétés. C’est sa mission en matière de propriété intellectuelle qui est au centre de cette étude. L’article D. 411-1-3 du Code de la propriété intellectuelle, issu du décret n˚ 2014-917 du 19 août 2014, consacre la mise à disposition du public des informations publiques relatives aux titres de propriété industrielle, ainsi que le principe de leur réutilisation. Dès avril 2014 cependant, l’INPI avait fait un pas significatif à la faveur de l’Open data en mettant en ligne une « dataroom » composée d’informations brutes (majoritairement des statistiques). Ce dispositif se confronte aux particularités attachées aux droits de propriété intellectuelle. Les premières interrogations procèdent du risque d’atteinte au monopole accordé aux titulaires de droits, et des conséquences du principe de l’Open data sur les tiers dès lors qu’il s’agit d’encadrer l’accès et la réutilisation des informations publiques dans le cadre d’un contrat de licence. Ce contrat à titre gratuit a pour objet d’encadrer la réutilisation de ces informations, mais également de rappeler aux demandeurs de licence leurs obligations quant à la réutilisation de données à caractère personnel. ■
Le thème de la crise ou des chrysanthèmes pour l’Europe ?
Authors: Chabanet Didier , Filipe Anacleto Nelson , St-Arnault Maxime , Freire Guillaume , Skoczek Xavier
Published: March 2016

Si les institutions européennes ont depuis leur origine connu des crises, qu’elles ont toujours su surmonter, les difficultés qu’elles rencontrent aujourd’hui semblent particulièrement sérieuses. Depuis la ratification du traité de Maastricht, trois problèmes majeurs se posent. D’une part la question du déficit démocratique européen. D’autre part, le rétrécissement de l’espace des choix politiques offerts aux citoyens, qui est de plus en plus soumis à des contraintes économiques. Enfin, la panne du modèle social européen. Ces différents facteurs, largement entrecroisés, constituent le terreau à partir duquel l’euroscepticisme prospère au sein de l’opinion publique.
Un point de vue global sur l’Europe
Authors: Balme Richard
Published: March 2016

Quels sont les éléments qui fondent la spécificité et la singularité de l’intégration européenne ? Son expérience éclaire-t-elle les dynamiques régionales observables ailleurs, et jusqu’à quel point ? Pour les appréhender en se gardant des contre-sens, les processus de régionalisation doivent être contextualisés, c’est-à-dire analysés en intégrant les dimensions spatiales, temporelles et culturelles qui façonnent les intérêts politiques, les significations et les types d’investissement dont ils sont le support. Les pages qui suivent tentent de préciser les implications de cet argument, en s’inscrivant dans la perspective formalisée par le courant de l’analyse contextuelle, tel qu’il a été développé en particulier par Charles Tilly et Robert Goodin. Si la régionalisation prend des formes aussi inégales, c’est que sa mise en forme est dépendante des circonstances. Quels sont ces effets contextuels et comment s’exercent-ils ? C’est ce que nous tentons de clarifier à partir du cas européen, qui est celui ou les dynamiques de l’intégration ont été jusqu’ici les plus significatives, pour en souligner la singularité et en discuter la portée. Ce sont les propriétés de situation et de temporalité qui expliquent, dans cette perspective, le caractère unique de l’intégration régionale en Europe.
Vive la crise !
Authors: Dehousse Renaud
Published: March 2016

À rebours d’une lecture assez répandue, selon laquelle les multiples crises que connaît l’Europe sont à la base d’une sorte de déclin structurel des études européennes, la présente contribution y voit au contraire une occasion bienvenue d’explorer des aspects sous-étudiés de la construction européenne et de réfléchir à la façon dont ils peuvent être utilement analysés, facilitant du même coup une prise de distance bienvenue par rapport aux phénomènes étudiés.
Au-delà du PIB, en-deçà du PIB
Authors: Brezzi Monica , de Mello Luiz , Laurent Éloi
Published: March 2016

Nous proposons dans cet article les premiers résultats d’un nouvel agenda à la fois de recherche et de politique publique « Au-delà du PIB, en-deçà du PIB », qui consiste à mesurer le bien-être pour l’améliorer là où il est vécu : au niveau territorial. Après avoir exposé les raisons principales qui justifient cet agenda, nous présentons la méthodologie et les données du projet « Comment va la vie dans votre région ? » mené dans le cadre de l’OCDE sur le sujet. Nous concluons sur les enjeux et les perspectives à venir de nos travaux, au plan politique, analytique et empirique en insistant sur la question de la résilience territoriale.
Mesurer l’économie circulaire à l’échelle territoriale
Authors: Kampelmann Stephan
Published: March 2016

L’économie circulaire connaît un engouement réel et apparaît comme une approche prometteuse pour rompre avec les flux linéaires qui commencent par l’extraction d’une ressource et finissent par la création d’un déchet. Mobilisant la théorie des systèmes socio-écologiques et différents indicateurs d’impact, cet article souligne l’existence de trajectoires alternatives vers la circularisation de l’économie et montre que ces alternatives ne sont pas neutres quant à leurs conséquences économiques, sociales et environnementales. La mesure de ces conséquences, pour le cas des flux des matières organiques dans la métropole bruxelloise, permet de faire ressortir deux trajectoires potentielles : celle d’une « troisième révolution industrielle », avec une prolongation de la logique de croissance économique basée sur l’accumulation de capital et une expansion quantitative, et celle d’une « post-croissance », créatrice d’une nouvelle organisation polycentrique du travail et d’un développement qualitatif moins intensif en capital.
Contagion internationale post -Lehman, marges intensive et extensive
Authors: de Belleville Louis-Marie Harpedanne
Published: March 2016

Après la faillite de Lehman Brothers, les banques étrangères établies en France ont réduit leurs crédits aux entreprises. Afin de contrôler l’impact de l’hétérogénéité des emprunteurs et d’identifier un effet d’offre de crédit, nous adaptons la méthodologie de Gan [2007] et Khwaja et Mian [2008]. Nous montrons qu’il ne suffit pas d’analyser la marge intensive. La baisse des crédits des banques étrangères reste significative après contrôle des facteurs bancaires domestiques, des mesures de soutien public et de la demande globale de crédit. Elle reflète donc une contagion financière internationale.
Le coup d’État du 2 mars 1962 en Birmanie. Perceptions et réactions de la diplomatie française
Authors: Egreteau Renaud
Published: March 2016

À partir des archives diplomatiques du Quai d’Orsay, cet article développe trois axes de réflexions permettant de nourrir une meilleure compréhension des dynamiques du coup d’État militaire orchestré par le général Ne Win en Birmanie le 2 mars 1962, et d’examiner les réactions et perceptions de la diplomatie française. Cette étude éclaire d’abord le déroulement d’un moment particulier de l’histoire de la Birmanie indépendante, sur lequel il existe peu de témoignages directs. Elle offre ensuite un regard singulier sur la façon dont le coup d’État fut interprété et ses causes disséquées par les représentants français. Enfin, elle montre que l’instrument de la reconnaissance (ou non) d’un régime militaire ne faisait alors pas partie de la palette d’outils politiques de la diplomatie gaullienne, qui a ainsi cherché à établir une relation cordiale avec la junte birmane.
Mise au point et nouveaux développements européens sur la discrimination directe et la discrimination par association
Authors: Popov Athanase
Published: March 2016

La deuxième affaire bulgare à avoir droit aux honneurs de la Grande Chambre de la CJUE depuis 2007 porte sur la situation des Roms en Bulgarie, qui sont collectivement accusés d’être responsables de branchements illicites sur le réseau électrique, ainsi que de dégradations des compteurs électriques. Le fournisseur d’électricité pense en effet que c’est seulement dans les « quartiers roms » qu’il convient de placer les compteurs électriques des consommateurs d'énergie électrique à une hauteur inaccessible. Par un arrêt rendu le 16 juillet 2015, en assemblée plénière, la Cour de justice de l’Union Européenne (CJUE) estime que la notion de discrimination directe fondée sur l’origine ethnique au sens de la directive 2000/43/CE s'applique aussi bien lorsqu'une mesure collective touche des personnes d’une origine ethnique donnée que lorsque d'autres personnes subissent en même temps la discrimination résultant de cette mesure. D’autre part, la Cour considère que l'article 2, paragraphes 1 et 2, sous a) et b), de la directive 2000/43, est contraire à une disposition nationale qui restreint le champ d'application de la directive qu'elle transpose, ce qui revient à dire qu’une telle disposition nationale est incompatible avec ladite directive. Pour finir, la Cour a jugé que l’article 2, paragraphe 2, sous a), de la directive 2000/43 devait être interprété en ce sens qu’une mesure discriminatoire constitue une discrimination directe s’il s’avère qu'elle a été instituée et/ou maintenue pour des raisons liées à l’origine ethnique commune à la majeure partie des habitants du quartier concerné.
Interdiction du territoire français : Du prononcé à l'extinction, le fil d'Ariane de l’exception
Authors: Duranton Marc
Published: March 2016

Le 27 novembre 2015, le Conseil Constitutionnel est venu asseoir encore davantage la différence de situation dans laquelle se trouvent enferrées les personnes de nationalité étrangère. Peine discriminatoire par définition, l'interdiction judiciaire du territoire le demeure dans son exécution, et l'est désormais un peu plus dans sa (non)extinction : l'impossibilité de demander la réhabilitation d'une interdiction du territoire français prononcée à titre principal n'est pas contraire aux principes directeurs du droit répressif, parmi lesquels figurent notamment et la proportionnalité des peines et l'égalité devant la loi. Et ce, quitte à faire du décès le seul moyen viable d'extinction de la peine.
Evaluation of the accuracy of the CellaVision™ DM96 in a high HIV-prevalence population in South Africa
Authors: Vaughan Jenifer L. , Loonat Sakina , Alli Nazeer
Published: March 2016

Introduction: The CellaVision™ DM96 (DM96) is a digital microscopy system which performs well in developed countries. However, to date it has not been evaluated in Africa, where the pathology spectrum encountered is very different. In particular, its utility in a setting with high HIV prevalence has not been assessed, which is of interest because of the morphological aberrations often seen in HIV-positive patients.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the DM96 in a South African laboratory, with emphasis on its performance in samples collected from HIV-positive patients.Methods: A total of 149 samples submitted for a routine differential white cell count in 2012 and 2013 at the Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa were included, of which 79 (53.0%) were collected from HIV-positive patients. Results of DM96 analysis pre- and post-classification were compared with a manual differential white cell count and the impact of HIV infection and other variables of interest were assessed.Results: Pre- and post-classification accuracies were similar to those reported in developed countries. Reclassification was required in 16% of cells, with particularly high misclassification rates for eosinophils (31.7%), blasts (33.7%) and basophils (93.5%). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between the number of misclassified cells and both the white cell count (p = 0.035) and the presence of malignant cells in the blood (p = 0.049), but not with any other variables analysed, including HIV status.Conclusion: The DM96 exhibited acceptable accuracy in this South African laboratory, which was not impacted by HIV infection. However, as it does not eliminate the need for experienced morphologists, its cost may be unjustifiable in a resource-constrained setting.
Imaging appearances of atypical hydatid cysts
Authors: Malik Amita , Chandra Ranjan , Prasad Rajni , Khanna Geetika , Thukral Brij B
Published: March 2016

Hydatid disease continues to be a significant health problem in many parts of the world. It can occur in any part of the body, but liver is the commonest site of involvement. The disease may remain asymptomatic for years. Symptoms occur due to compression of local structures or complications like rupture and infection. The diagnosis is clear when typical radiological appearance is observed at the common sites of involvement. Complications give rise to atypical appearances. These coupled with unusual localizations pose diagnostic difficulty. The aim of this pictorial essay is to demonstrate the atypical manifestations of hydatid cysts - atypical either due to complications or the unusual site.
Umbilical venous catheterization gone wrong: Hepatic complications
Authors: Sherwani Poonam , Vire Adweta , Anand Rama , Jajoo Mamta
Published: March 2016

Hepatic complications of malposition of umbilical venous catheter (UVC) are uncommon and occur due to extravasation of hypertonic fluids and the blood products in the liver tissue. Various hepatic complications include thrombosis of hepatic vessels, hepatic necrosis, hepatic fluid collections, and hematoma, with the intraparenchymal liver lesions seen along the course of ductus venosus. Radiologists must be aware of these complications and their imaging findings, as the timely recognition and immediate management can prevent the fatal outcome. Here, we present a rare case of intraparenchymal liver lesions associated with malposition of UVC in a preterm baby.
Prenatal diagnosis of cryptorchid testicular teratoma
Authors: Arkar Rahul Rajendra , Umap Rajesh A , Jadhav Sudhakar
Published: March 2016

Testis follows a predictable course during its stepwise descent from its site of origin in the lumbar region to its final destination in ipsilateral hemi-scrotum. Undesended (cryptorchid) testis is more prone for neoplastic transformation. Testicular teratoma is rare relative to ovarian teratoma and occurs rarely prenatally than postnatally. Teratoma is composed of derivatives of three germ layers. Ultrasound with color Doppler is the most commonly used modality for assessment of prenatal status. Prenatal diagnosis of cryptorchid testicular teratoma involves identification of well-defined, complex solid-cystic lesion with calcifications along the path of testicular descent and absent testis in ipsilateral hemi-scrotum at 36 weeks of gestation. Complications associated with cryptorchid testicular teratoma include torsion, hemorrhage, or malignant transformation. Early diagnosis is important to avoid complications, and hence, ultrasound imaging features play an important role in diagnosis.
Radiofrequency ablation in primary non-small cell lung cancer: What a radiologist needs to know
Authors: Bhatia Shivank , Pereira Keith , Mohan Prasoon , Narayanan Govindarajan , Wangpaichitr Medhi , Savaraj Niramol
Published: March 2016

Lung cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In advanced cases of lung cancer, a multimodality approach is often applied, however with poor local control rates. In early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), surgery is the standard of care. Only 15-30% of patients are eligible for surgical resection. Improvements in imaging and treatment delivery systems have provided new tools to better target these tumors. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has evolved as the next best option. The role of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is also growing. Currently, it is a third-line option in stage 1 NSCLC, when SBRT cannot be performed. More recent studies have demonstrated usefulness in recurrent tumors and some authors have also suggested combination of RFA with other modalities in larger tumors. Following the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), screening by low-dose computed tomography (CT) has demonstrated high rates of early-stage lung cancer detection in high-risk populations. Hence, even considering the current role of RFA as a third-line option, in view of increasing numbers of occurrences detected, the number of potential RFA candidates may see a steep uptrend. In view of all this, it is imperative that interventional radiologists be familiar with the techniques of lung ablation. The aim of this article is to discuss the procedural technique of RFA in the lung and review the current evidence regarding RFA for NSCLC.
Congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: Imaging findings and endovascular management
Authors: Chandrasekharan Rajsekar , Pullara Sreekumar K , Thomas Tixon , Kader Nazar Puthukudiyil , Moorthy Srikanth
Published: March 2016

We present two cases of congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in which the right portal vein directly communicated with the inferior venacava (IVC) in one patient and with the hepatic vein in the other. Multiple hepatic nodules consistent with focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) were seen in the first patient. The second patient presented with recurrent history of hepatic encephalopathy. Percutaneous transhepatic embolization was performed using coils and Amplatz device following which she completely recovered.
Radiological management of multiple hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms associated with cholangitic abscesses
Authors: Goyal Ankur , Madhusudhan Kumble S , Gamanagatti Shivanand , Baruah Bhaskar , Sharma Raju ,   Shalimar
Published: March 2016

Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms (HAP) are uncommon, occurring mostly as a complication of trauma (accidental or iatrogenic). Liver abscess rarely causes HAP and multiple HAP associated with cholangitic abscesses have not been reported in the literature. We present a patient of acute necrotizing pancreatitis with stent block cholangitis and multiple cholangitic abscesses who developed hemorrhagic output through drainage catheter in the liver abscess. A multiphasic CT angiography demonstrated three HAP, which were treated with a combination of endovascular coil embolization and percutaneous thrombin injection. The fact that cholangitic abscesses may be associated with pseudoaneurysms should not be neglected, considering the potentially catastrophic complication and relatively easy radiological management. CT angiography permits accurate diagnosis and lays down the roadmap for endovascular procedures.
Transnasal tracheobronchial stenting for malignant airway narrowing under local anesthesia: Our experience of treating three cases using this technique
Authors: Medhi Jayanta , Handique Akash , Goyal Amit , Lynser Donbok , Phukan Pranjal , Sarma Kalyan , Padmanabhan Aswin , Saikia Manuj Kumar , Chutia Happy
Published: March 2016

Purpose: To study the technical feasibility of tracheobronchial stenting via transnasal route under bronchoscopy and fluoroscopic guidance in severe malignant airway strictures using self-expandable nitinol stents. Materials and Methods: We describe three patients with malignant airway strictures, treated entirely via transnasal route under local anesthesia using bronchoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance. Nasal route allowed convenient access to the airway for the bronchoscope across the stricture and a guidewire was introduced through its working channel. The 18F tracheal stent and the 6F bronchial stent assembly could be easily introduced and deployed under bronchoscopic (reintroduced through the other nostril) and fluoroscopic guidance. Results: We achieved technical success in all the three patients with immediate relief of dyspnea. Conclusion: Transnasal airway stenting with self-expandable nitinol stent using bronchoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance under local anesthesia is a safe and effective method with minimal patient discomfort.
A rare cause of tube arcing artifact seen in computed tomography image of a positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanner
Authors: Mithun Sneha , Jha Ashish Kumar , Panchal Ketan , Purandare Nilendu C , Shah Sneha , Agrawal Archi , Rangarajan Venkatesh
Published: March 2016

Tube arcing artifact is known to be caused by a temporary short circuit in the X-ray tube causing momentary loss of X-ray output. It is seen as near-parallel and an equidistant streak pattern on transaxial computed tomography (CT) images and as a "horizontal" hypodense band on the coronal and sagittal CT images. This artifact can be a random occurrence and was caused in this particular case due to voltage fluctuations in the high-voltage supply transformer supplying the rotor of the anode in the X-ray tube. This problem was initially corrected by reducing the tube voltage to 120 kV from the original 140 kV and, subsequently, replacing the faulty transformer. This kind of artifact, which is a very rare situation, can affect the image quality, and could also be an early sign of equipment failure. To the authors′ knowledge, such an artifact has not been reported till date in a clinical scenario. Hence, we would like to report a rare situation of tube arcing artifact along with a unique remedy.
Evaluation of enamel damages following orthodontic bracket debonding in fluorosed teeth bonded with adhesion promoter
Authors: Baherimoghadam Tahreh , Akbarian Sahar , Rasouli Reza , Naseri Navid
Published: March 2016

Objective: To evaluate shear bond strength (SBS) of the orthodontic brackets bonded to fluorosed and nonfluorosed teeth using Light Bond with and without adhesion promoters and compare their enamel damages following debonding. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 fluorosed (Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index = 4–5) and 30 nonfluorosed teeth were randomly distributed between two subgroups according to the bonding materials: Group 1, fluorosed teeth bonded with Light Bond; Group 2, fluorosed teeth bonded with adhesion promoters and Light Bond; Group 3, nonfluorosed teeth bonded with Light Bond; Group 4, nonfluorosed bonded with adhesion promoters and Light Bond. After bonding, the SBS of the brackets was tested with a universal testing machine. Stereomicroscopic evaluation was performed by unbiased stereology in all teeth to determine the amount of adhesive remnants and the number and length of enamel cracks before bonding and after debonding. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis, Wilcoxon Signed Rank, and Mann–Whitney test. Results: While fluorosis reduced the SBS of orthodontic bracket (P = 0.017), Enhance Locus Ceruleus LC significantly increased the SBS of the orthodontic bracket in fluorosed and nonfluorosed teeth (P = 0.039). Significant increasing in the number and length of enamel crack after debonding was found in all four groups. There were no significant differences in the length of enamel crack increased after debonding among four groups (P = 0.768) while increasing in the number of enamel cracks after debonding was significantly different among the four groups (P = 0.023). Teeth in Group 2 showed the highest enamel damages among four groups following debonding. Conclusion: Adhesion promoters could improve the bond strength of orthodontic brackets, but conservative debonding methods for decreasing enamel damages would be necessary.
Fissure sealants: Knowledge and practice of Yemeni dental practitioners
Authors: Al-Maweri Sadeq Ali , Al-Jamaei Aisha Ahmed , Halboub Esam Saleh , Al-Soneidar Walid Ahmed , Tarakji Bassel , Alsalhani Anas
Published: March 2016

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate Yemeni dental practitioners’ knowledge and practices concerning fissure sealants. Materials and Methods: A modified questionnaire consisted of 25-items was distributed to 500 dentists working in Sana'a City. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square/Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analyses. Results: The response rate was 74%. Most of the respondents were male (61.3%), general practitioners (84.2%), and had <5 years of clinical experience (48.3%). The respondents showed a reasonable level of knowledge about sealants, with the majority (88%) believed that there is strong scientific evidence about fissure sealants effectiveness and around 90% showed a good understanding of sealant placement instructions. On the other hand, respondents showed insufficient knowledge about sealants clinical practice. Conclusion: Although a high proportion of dental practitioners showed adequate knowledge about dental sealant, following guidelines and standardized procedures in clinical practice is lacking. These emphasize the need for regular continuing education courses for dental professional.
Fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth after apexification with calcium silicate-based materials
Authors: Ok Evren , Altunsoy Mustafa , Tanriver Mehmet , Capar Ismail Davut , Kalkan Abdussamed , Gok Tuba
Published: March 2016

Objective: To compare the fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth filled with an apical barrier of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM). Materials and Methods: Fifty-two single-rooted human maxillary central incisors were used. For standardization, the teeth were sectioned 6 mm above and 9 mm below the cementoenamel junction to simulate immature apex. Simulations of roots into immature apices were carried out using 1.5 mm diameter drills. The specimens were then randomly divided into three experimental groups (n = 13) and one control group (n = 13). In experimental groups, MTA, Biodentine, and CEM were placed to apical 4 mm of the simulated immature roots. The samples were stored at 37°C and 100% humidity for 1 week. A load was applied on the crown of all teeth at 135° to their long axis until fracture. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post-hoc tests. Results: No statistically significant differences were found among MTA, CEM, and Biodentine (P > 0.05), and these groups demonstrated higher fracture resistance than control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Using any of the MTA, Biodentine, and CEM as an apical plug and restoring with fiber post and composite resin increases the fracture resistance of immature teeth.
Light transmittance of fiber posts following various surface treatments: A preliminary study
Authors: Cekic-Nagas Isil , Ergun Gulfem , Egilmez Ferhan
Published: March 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the light transmittance of fiber posts following application of various surface treatments. Materials and Methods: Fiber post specimens (Snowpost red size #14) were tested (n = 7). The fiber posts were divided into five groups according to the application of surface treatments: Group 1: No surface treatment; Group 2: Etched with hydrofluoric acid (HF) + silane application; Group 3: Airborne-particle abraded with 110 μm Al2O3; Group 4: Irradiated with erbium: Yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser; Group 5: Airborne-particle abraded with 110 μm Al2O3 + silane application. The light transmittance of the specimens was compared using a spectrophotometer. Statistical significance was determined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α = 0.05). Results: One-way ANOVA revealed that surface treatment had significant effects on light transmittance of posts (P < 0.001). While laser treatment had the highest percentage of light transmittance, treatment with silane following HF application had the lowest. Conclusion: Application of surface treatments might negatively affect the light transmission property of fiber posts.
Mechanical behavior of deep cryogenically treated martensitic shape memory nickel–titanium rotary endodontic instruments
Authors: Vinothkumar Thilla Sekar , Kandaswamy Deivanayagam , Prabhakaran Gopalakrishnan , Rajadurai Arunachalam
Published: March 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on the cyclic fatigue resistance and cutting efficiency of martensitic shape memory (SM) nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic instruments. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five HyFlex® CM instruments were randomly divided into three groups of 25 each and subjected to different DCT (–185°C) conditions based on soaking time: DCT 24 group: 24 h, DCT 6 group: 6 h, and control group. Each group was randomly subdivided for evaluation of cyclic fatigue resistance in custom-made artificial canals (n = 15) and cutting efficiency in plexiglass simulators (n = 10). The cyclic fatigue resistance was measured by calculating the number of cycles to failure (NCF) and cutting efficiency was measured using the loss of weight method. Results: Increase in NCF of instruments in DCT 24 group was highly significant (P < 0.01; Tukey's honest significant difference). There was no difference in weight loss of plexiglass simulators in all the groups (P > 0.05; one-way analysis of variance). In conclusion, deep dry cryogenic treatment with 24 h soaking time significantly increases the cyclic fatigue resistance without affecting the cutting efficiency of SM NiTi endodontic instruments.
Assessing Combinational Drug Efficacy in Cancer Cells by Using Image-based Dynamic Response Analysis
Authors: Sima Chao , Hua Jianping , Cypert Milana , Miller Tasha , Wilson-Robles Heather M. , Trent Jeffrey M. , Dougherty Edward R. , Bittner Michael L.
Published: March 2016

The landscape of translational research has been shifting toward drug combination therapies. Pairing of drugs allows for more types of drug interaction with cells. In order to accurately and comprehensively assess combinational drug efficacy, analytical methods capable of recognizing these alternative reactions will be required to prioritize those drug candidates having better chances of delivering appreciable therapeutic benefits. Traditional efficacy measures are primarily based on the “extent” of drug inhibition, which is the percentage of cells being killed after drug exposure. Here, we introduce a second dimension of evaluation criterion, speed of killing, based on a live cell imaging assay. This dynamic response trajectory approach takes advantage of both “extent” and “speed” information and uncovers synergisms that would otherwise be missed, while also generating hypotheses regarding important mechanistic modes of drug action.
Use of Electronic Health Record Simulation to Understand the Accuracy of Intern Progress Notes
Authors: March Christopher A. , Scholl Gretchen , Dversdal Renee K. , Richards Matthew , Wilson Leah M. , Mohan Vishnu , Gold Jeffrey A.
Published: March 2016

With the widespread adoption of electronic health records (EHRs), there is a growing awareness of problems in EHR training for new users and subsequent problems with the quality of information present in EHR-generated progress notes. By standardizing the case, simulation allows for the discovery of EHR patterns of use as well as a modality to aid in EHR training.Background

 To develop a high-fidelity EHR training exercise for internal medicine interns to understand patterns of EHR utilization in the generation of daily progress notes.Objective

 Three months after beginning their internship, 32 interns participated in an EHR simulation designed to assess patterns in note writing and generation. Each intern was given a simulated chart and instructed to create a daily progress note. Notes were graded for use of copy-paste, macros, and accuracy of presented data.Methods

 A total of 31 out of 32 interns (97%) completed the exercise. There was wide variance in use of macros to populate data, with multiple macro types used for the same data category. Three-quarters of notes contained either copy-paste elements or the elimination of active medical problems from the prior days' notes. This was associated with a significant number of quality issues, including failure to recognize a lack of deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, medications stopped on admission, and issues in prior discharge summary.Results

 Interns displayed wide variation in the process of creating progress notes. Additional studies are being conducted to determine the impact EHR-based simulation has on standardization of note content.Conclusions
Usability Evaluation of a Clinical Decision Support System for Geriatric ED Pain Treatment
Authors: Kim Min , Thum Frederick , Rivera Laura , Beato Rosemary , Song Carolyn , Soriano Jared , Kannry Joseph , Baumlin Kevin , Hwang Ula , Genes Nicholas
Published: March 2016

Older adults are at risk for inadequate emergency department (ED) pain care. Unrelieved acute pain is associated with poor outcomes. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) hold promise to improve patient care, but CDSS quality varies widely, particularly when usability evaluation is not employed.

To conduct an iterative usability and redesign process of a novel geriatric abdominal pain care CDSS. We hypothesized this process would result in the creation of more usable and favorable pain care interventions.

Thirteen emergency physicians familiar with the Electronic Health Record (EHR) in use at the study site were recruited. Over a 10-week period, 17 1-hour usability test sessions were conducted across 3 rounds of testing. Participants were given 3 patient scenarios and provided simulated clinical care using the EHR, while interacting with the CDSS interventions. Quantitative System Usability Scores (SUS), favorability scores and qualitative narrative feedback were collected for each session. Using a multi-step review process by an interdisciplinary team, positive and negative usability issues in effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction were considered, prioritized and incorporated in the iterative redesign process of the CDSS. Video analysis was used to determine the appropriateness of the CDS appearances during simulated clinical care.

Over the 3 rounds of usability evaluations and subsequent redesign processes, mean SUS progressively improved from 74.8 to 81.2 to 88.9; mean favorability scores improved from 3.23 to 4.29 (1 worst, 5 best). Video analysis revealed that, in the course of the iterative redesign processes, rates of physicians’ acknowledgment of CDS interventions increased, however most rates of desired actions by physicians (such as more frequent pain score updates) decreased.

The iterative usability redesign process was instrumental in improving the usability of the CDSS; if implemented in practice, it could improve geriatric pain care. The usability evaluation process led to improved acknowledgement and favorability. Incorporating usability testing when designing CDSS interventions for studies may be effective to enhance clinician use.
Ozone and carbon monoxide over India during the summer monsoon: regional emissions and transport
Authors: Ojha Narendra , Pozzer Andrea , Rauthe-Schöch Armin , Baker Angela K. , Yoon Jongmin , Brenninkmeijer Carl A. M. , Lelieveld Jos
Published: March 2016

Abstract. We compare in situ measurements of ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) profiles from the CARIBIC program with the results from the regional chemistry transport model (WRF-Chem) to investigate the role of local and regional emissions and long-range transport over southern India during the summer monsoon of 2008. WRF-Chem successfully reproduces the general features of O3 and CO distributions over the South Asian region. However, absolute CO concentrations in the lower troposphere are typically underestimated. Here we investigate the influence of local relative to remote emissions through sensitivity simulations. The influence of 50 % increased CO emissions over South Asia leads to a significant enhancement (upto 20 % in July) in upper tropospheric CO in the northern and central Indian regions. Over Chennai in southern India, this causes a 33 % increase in surface CO during June. However, the influence of enhanced local and regional emissions is found to be smaller (5 %) in the free troposphere over Chennai, except during September. Local to regional emissions are therefore suggested to play a minor role in the underestimation of CO by WRF-Chem during June–August. In the lower troposphere, a high pollution (O3: 146.4 ± 12.8, CO: 136.4 ± 12.2 nmol mol−1) event (15 July 2008), not reproduced by the model, is shown to be due to transport of photochemically processed air masses from the boundary layer in southern India. A sensitivity simulation combined with backward trajectories indicates that long-range transport of CO to southern India is significantly underestimated, particularly in air masses from the west, i.e., from Central Africa. This study highlights the need for more aircraft-based measurements over India and adjacent regions and the improvement of global emission inventories.
Atmospheric methane evolution the last 40 years
Authors: Dalsøren Stig B. , Myhre Cathrine L. , Myhre Gunnar , Gomez-Pelaez Angel J. , Søvde Ole A. , Isaksen Ivar S. A. , Weiss Ray F. , Harth Christina M.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Observations at surface sites show an increase in global mean surface methane (CH4) of about 180 parts per billion (ppb) (above 10 %) over the period 1984–2012. Over this period there are large fluctuations in the annual growth rate. In this work, we investigate the atmospheric CH4 evolution over the period 1970–2012 with the Oslo CTM3 global chemical transport model (CTM) in a bottom-up approach. We thoroughly assess data from surface measurement sites in international networks and select a subset suited for comparisons with the output from the CTM. We compare model results and observations to understand causes for both long-term trends and short-term variations. Employing Oslo CTM3 we are able to reproduce the seasonal and year-to-year variations and shifts between years with consecutive growth and stagnation, both at global and regional scales. The overall CH4 trend over the period is reproduced, but for some periods the model fails to reproduce the strength of the growth. The model overestimates the observed growth after 2006 in all regions. This seems to be explained by an overly strong increase in anthropogenic emissions in Asia, having global impact. Our findings confirm other studies questioning the timing or strength of the emission changes in Asia in the EDGAR v4.2 emission inventory over recent decades. The evolution of CH4 is not only controlled by changes in sources, but also by changes in the chemical loss in the atmosphere and soil uptake. The atmospheric CH4 lifetime is an indicator of the CH4 loss. In our simulations, the atmospheric CH4 lifetime decreases by more than 8 % from 1970 to 2012, a significant reduction of the residence time of this important greenhouse gas. Changes in CO and NOx emissions, specific humidity, and ozone column drive most of this, and we provide simple prognostic equations for the relations between those and the CH4 lifetime. The reduced lifetime results in substantial growth in the chemical CH4 loss (relative to its burden) and dampens the CH4 growth.