bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decreased DANCR contributes to high glucose‐induced extracellular matrix accumulation in human renal mesangial cell via regulating the TGF‐β/Smad signaling
Authors: Liu Feng , Cao Yiling , Zhang Chun , Su Hua
Published: April 2023

Glomerulosclerosis is one of the major histopathologic changes in diabetic kidney diseases (DKD), which is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the glomerulus mainly produced by mesangial cells in response to transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) stimuli under diabetic conditions. Despite TGF‐β has been implicated as a major pathogenic factor in the development of diabetic glomerulosclerosis, clinical trials of monoclonal antibodies against TGF‐β failed to demonstrate therapeutic benefits. Thus, developing alternative therapeutic strategies to effectively block the TGF‐β/Smad signaling could be of paramount importance for DKD treatment. Emerging evidence indicates that dysregulation of certain lncRNAs can lead to aberrant activation of TGF‐β/Smad signaling. Herein, we identified a novel lncRNA, named DANCR, which could efficiently function as a negative regulator of TGF‐β/Smad signaling in mesangial cells. Ectopic expression of DANCR could specifically block the activation of TGF‐β/Smad signaling induced by high‐glucose or TGF‐β in human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs). Mechanistically, DANCR functions to stabilize nemo‐like kinase (NLK) mRNA through interaction with insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2), resulting in enhanced phosphorylating on the linker region of activated Smad2/3 in the nucleus. Taken together, our data have uncovered an lncRNA‐based regulatory modality of the TGF‐β/Smad signaling and identified DANCR as an endogenous blocker of TGF‐β/Smad signaling in HRMCs, which may represent a potential therapeutic target against the diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Association of Hearing Status and Cognition With Fall Among the Oldest-Old Chinese: A Nationally Representative Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Jun , Chen Xing-Xing , Liu Dan , Tian E. , Guo Zhao-Qi , Chen Jing-Yu , Kong Wei-Jia , Zhang Su-Lin
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

The oldest-old (aged ≥80 years) are the most rapidly growing population and age is related to hearing impairment (HI) and cognitive decline. We aimed to estimate the association between HI and fall, and the effect of different cognitive states on this association among the oldest-old Chinese population.

Design:

A total of 6931 Chinese oldest-old were included in the 2018 cross-cohort from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). The presence of HI was identified by using a dichotomized metric of self-reported hearing status. Cognitive function was evaluated by using the modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Cognitive impairment was defined as the MMSE score below 24 points. Data on fall history were collected by questionnaires survey from the participants or their relatives. We studied the association of hearing status and cognitive function with fall by using multivariable logistic regressions, upon adjustment of sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyles, and health conditions.

Results:

Our participants were aged 92 (range 80 to 117) on average, with 60.1% being women. In total, 39.1% of the participants had reported HI, 50.1% had cognitive impairment, and 26.2% had a history of falling. Participants with HI had a higher incidence of cognitive impairment (79.4%), as compared with their counterparts without HI (31.3%). Compared with those without HI, HI patients had a higher risk of falling after full adjustment for potential confounders (OR = 1.16 [95% confidence interval, CI, 1.01, 1.32], p = 0.031). In comparison with HI participants without cognitive impairment, HI patients with cognitive impairment had a higher fall risk (OR = 1.45 [95% CI = 1.23, 1.72], p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Association of hearing status and cognition with fall was, for the first time, examined on the basis of a nationally-representative oldest-old Chinese population. Poor cognitive performance was common in individuals with HI, and those with HI and cognitive impairment further increased the risk of falling.
Evaluation of Two Spectro-Temporal Ripple Tests and Their Relation to the Matrix Speech-in-Noise Sentence Test in Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: van Groesen N.R.A. , Briaire J.J. , Frijns J.H.M.
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

Spectro-temporal ripple tests are commonly used in cochlear implant (CI) research as language-independent indicators of speech recognition (in noise) or as stand-alone tests. Test-retest reliability of these tests has been scarcely documented. We evaluated the test-retest reliability of spectral-temporally modulated ripple test (SMRT) and spectro-temporal ripple for investigating processor effectiveness (STRIPES) and correlated their findings to the Dutch/Flemish Matrix speech-in-noise sentence test (MST) in CI recipients. This is the first time spectro-temporal ripple tests are correlated to an MST.

Design:

Take-home data from 15 participants over 2 test days were analyzed. Participants were fitted with their clinical speech encoding strategy (Advanced Bionics HiRes Optima) or a 14-channel non-steered monopolar strategy. Test-retest reliability was calculated through intraclass correlation coefficients and visualized through Bland Altman plots. Association of the spectro-temporal ripple tests with the MST was evaluated through linear regression analysis.

Results:

The SMRT and STRIPES possessed a similarly rated “good” test-retest reliability (SMRT: ICC = 0.81, confidence interval = 0.67 to 0.92; STRIPES: ICC = 0.87, confidence interval = 0.76 to 0.95) and an identical linear relationship to speech recognition in noise (SMRT: R
2 = 0.28, p = 0.04; STRIPES: R
2 = 0.28, p = 0.04). Both tests revealed a stable variability between session 1 and 2 outcome scores on Bland Altman plots.

Conclusion:

On the basis of our data, both spectro-temporal ripple tests possess similar test-retest reliability and a similar association with the MST. The SMRT and STRIPES can therefore both be used equally well as a quick indicator of across-listener differences in speech recognition in noise in CI recipients.
Guidelines for the Management of Adult Acute and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in the ICU: Neurology, Peri-Transplant Medicine, Infectious Disease, and Gastroenterology Considerations
Authors: Nanchal Rahul , Subramanian Ram , Alhazzani Waleed , Dionne Joanna C. , Peppard William J. , Singbartl Kai , Truwit Jonathon , Al-Khafaji Ali H. , Killian Alley J. , Alquraini Mustafa , Alshammari Khalil , Alshamsi Fayez , Belley-Cote Emilie , Cartin-Ceba Rodrigo , Hollenberg Steven M. , Galusca Dragos M. , Huang David T. , Hyzy Robert C. , Junek Mats , Kandiah Prem , Kumar Gagan , Morgan Rebecca L. , Morris Peter E. , Olson Jody C. , Sieracki Rita , Steadman Randolph , Taylor Beth , Karvellas Constantine J.
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVES:

To develop evidence-based recommendations for clinicians caring for adults with acute liver failure (ALF) or acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) in the ICU.

DESIGN:

The guideline panel comprised 27 members with expertise in aspects of care of the critically ill patient with liver failure or methodology. We adhered to the Society of Critical Care Medicine standard operating procedures manual and conflict-of-interest policy. Teleconferences and electronic-based discussion among the panel, as well as within subgroups, served as an integral part of the guideline development.

INTERVENTIONS:

In part 2 of this guideline, the panel was divided into four subgroups: neurology, peri-transplant, infectious diseases, and gastrointestinal groups. We developed and selected Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes (PICO) questions according to importance to patients and practicing clinicians. For each PICO question, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis where applicable. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. We used the evidence to decision framework to facilitate recommendations formulation as strong or conditional. We followed strict criteria to formulate best practice statements.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:

We report 28 recommendations (from 31 PICO questions) on the management ALF and ACLF in the ICU. Overall, five were strong recommendations, 21 were conditional recommendations, two were best-practice statements, and we were unable to issue a recommendation for five questions due to insufficient evidence.

CONCLUSIONS:

Multidisciplinary, international experts formulated evidence-based recommendations for the management ALF and ACLF patients in the ICU, acknowledging that most recommendations were based on low quality and indirect evidence.
Where do Physiotherapists Search for Information? Barriers in Translating Scientific Information into Clinical Practice
Authors: Nunes Guilherme S. , Guterres Brenda D. , Machado Anna Carolina O. , Dangui Anna Julia M. , Schreiner Rafaela A. , Benincá Inaihá Laureano , Haupenthal Alessandro
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Comprehending scientific information have been reported as a barrier in evidence-based practice (EBP) adoption. This survey research aimed to verify the preferred sources of information for acquiring knowledge about physiotherapy and the association between types of information source and barriers in EBP implementation.

Methods:

A total of 610 physiotherapists were included and answered an online questionnaire about the preferred sources for searching physiotherapy-related information and possible barriers in EBP implementation.

Results:

Physiotherapists reported scientific resources as the preferred source of information, scientific databases (31%), followed by scientific articles (25%). The main barrier cited in EBP implementation was the difficulty in obtaining full-text articles (34%), followed by lack of statistical knowledge (30%). The use of peer-reviewed resources as the most preferred source of information is associated with the presence of issues in comprehending scientific information.

Discussion:

Although the positive attitude toward the use of scientific information, the findings raised question regarding the proper translation of scientific information to clinical practice. The importance of scientific information seems to be a well-established attitude among physiotherapists. However, there is a clear need for strategies aiming to improve the understanding of scientific information and consequently facilitate EBP implementation.
Frailty in kidney transplant candidates and recipients: pathogenesis and intervention strategies
Authors: Cao Huawei , Zhang Jiandong , Sun Zejia , Wu Jiyue , Hao Changzhen , Wang Wei
Published: April 2023

With the rapid aging of the global population posing a serious problem, frailty, a non-specific state that reflects physiological senescence rather than aging in time, has become more widely addressed by researchers in various medical fields. A high prevalence of frailty is found among kidney transplant (KT) candidates and recipients. Therefore, their frailty has become a research hotspot in the field of transplantation. However, current studies mainly focus on the cross-sectional survey of the incidence of frailty among KT candidates and recipients and the relationship between frailty and transplantation. Research on the pathogenesis and intervention is scattered, and relevant review literature is scarce. Exploring the pathogenesis of frailty in KT candidates and recipients and determining effective intervention measures may reduce waiting list mortality and improve the long-term quality of life of KT recipients. Therefore, this review explains the pathogenesis and intervention measures for frailty in KT candidates and recipients to provide a reference for the formulation of effective intervention strategies.
Risk of second primary lung cancer in patients with thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis based on big population studies
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Wang Yan , Yang Ruiyuan , Liu Dan , Li Weimin
Published: April 2023

Background:

Previous studies have revealed that the number of cancer survivors developing a second primary malignancy is increasing, especially among thyroid cancer patients, and lung cancer is still the main cause of cancer death. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the risk of second primary lung cancer (SPLC) in patients with thyroid cancer.

Methods:

We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases up to November 24, 2021, for relevant research and merged the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to evaluate the risk of developing SPLC in patients with thyroid cancer.

Results:

Fourteen studies involving 1480,816 cases were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled result demonstrated that thyroid cancer patients may have a higher risk of SPLC than the general population (SIR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07–1.36, P < 0.01, I
2 = 81%, P < 0.01). Subgroup analysis stratified by sex indicated that female patients may have a markedly higher risk of SPLC than male patients (SIR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.40–1.94, P < 0.01, I
2 = 75%, P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

Thyroid cancer patients are more likely to develop SPLC than the general population, especially women. However, other risk factors must be investigated, and more prospective studies are needed to confirm our results.

Registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: No. CRD42021285399.
The impact of sentinel lymph node mapping with hybrid single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography in patients with melanoma. Comparison to planar radioisotopic lymphoscintigraphy
Authors: Stathaki Maria I. , Kapsoritakis Nikolaos , Michelakis Dimosthenis , Anagnostopoulou Elisavet , Bourogianni Olga , Tsaroucha Angeliki , Papadaki Emmanouela , de Bree Eelco , Koukouraki Sophia
Published: April 2023

We studied the diagnostic value of 16 slices of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) in the anatomical localization, image interpretation and extra-sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) detection compared to dynamic and static planar radioisotopic lymphoscintigraphy (PLS) in patients with melanoma. Eighty-two patients with melanoma underwent dynamic PLS, static PLS and SPECT/CT. Data were obtained using a dual head SPECT/CT 16 slices γ-camera. We evaluated the number and localization of SLNs detected with each imaging method. SPECT/CT demonstrated 48 additional SLNs in comparison with PLS in 29 patients. In five truncal and seven head-neck lesions, dynamic and static PLS failed to detect the SLNs found on SPECT/CT (false negative). In one case of truncal and one case of lower limb melanoma, the foci of increased activity interpreted on PLS as possible SLNs were confirmed to be non-nodal sites of uptake on SPECT/CT (false positive). PLS underestimated the number of SLNs detected, whereas SPECT/CT revealed higher agreement compared to the respective number from histological reports. SPECT/CT showed a better prediction of the number of SLNs and higher diagnostic parameters in comparison to planar imaging. SPECT/CT is an important complementary diagnostic modality to PLS, that improves detection, preoperative evaluation, anatomical landmarks of SLNs and surgical management of patients with melanoma.
Effects of Bipolar Radiofrequency on Collagen Synthesis from Patients with Brachial Ptosis
Authors: Cala Uribe Laura C. , Perez Pachon Mauricio E. , Zannin Ferrero Andreina , Neri Morales Constanza , Silva Gutierrez Juliana , Manrique Cruz Angela D. , Maza María F. , Acero Mondragon Edward J. , Celis Regalado Luis G.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Radiofrequency is frequently used for skin rejuvenation, localized fat elimination and cellulite treatment. It prompts the expression of thermal shock proteins that lead to dermal thickening as a result of collagen synthesis. The authors report a histological and clinical analysis of the arm subdermal changes before and after bipolar radiofrequency treatment plus liposuction to determine their benefits for arm contouring.

Methods:

Inclusion criteria included patients with stage 1, 2a, and 2b brachial ptosis (Duncan classification) and upper limb fat deposits who were considered candidates for third-generation ultrasound-assisted liposculpture plus radiofrequency-assisted lipolysis/skin tightening. Arm subdermal tissue samples (5 mm³) were analyzed before and after the intervention. We used 10% formaldehyde for tissue fixation and stained each sample with hematoxylin/eosin, Masson trichrome, and antibody markers against the cell cycle Ki-67 protein.

Results:

We analyzed a total of 12 biopsies from six patients who meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Histological findings with hematoxylin/eosin revealed hyperplastic and metaplastic changes with focal distribution within the papillary and reticular dermis. Masson trichrome staining showed an increase of the characteristic basophilia of thin type-I and type-III collagen fibers. In contrast, molecular analysis reported an increase in fibroblast activity mediated by the activation of the heat shock protein HSP47.

Conclusion:

Radiofrequency may be a great alternative to improve skin retraction in patients with mild to moderate brachial dermatochalasis through the activation of HSP47 heat shock protein and the production of type-I and type-III collagen.
A Scoping Review of Mobile Apps in Plastic Surgery: Patient Care, Trainee Education, and Professional Development
Authors: Jarvis Nicholas R. , Jarvis Tyler , Morris Bryn E. , Verhey Erik M. , Rebecca Alanna M. , Howard Michael A. , Teven Chad M.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Over the past 10 years, smartphones have become ubiquitous, and mobile apps serve a seemingly endless number of functions in our everyday lives. These functions have entered the realm of plastic surgery, impacting patient care, education, and delivery of services. This article reviews the current uses of plastic surgery mobile apps, app awareness within the plastic surgery community, and the ethical issues surrounding their use in patient care.

Methods:

A scoping review of electronically available literature within PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases was conducted in two waves in November and May 2022. Publications discussing mobile application use in plastic surgery were screened for inclusion.

Results:

Of the 80 nonduplicate publications retrieved, 20 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Articles acquired from the references of these publications were reviewed and summarized when relevant. The average American Society of Plastic Surgeons evidence rating of the publications was 4.2. Applications could be categorized broadly into three categories: patient care and surgical applications, professional development and education, and marketing and practice development.

Conclusions:

Mobile apps related to plastic surgery have become an abundant resource for patients, attending surgeons, and trainees. Many help bridge gaps in patient care and surgeon-patient communication, and facilitate marketing and practice development. Others make educational content more accessible to trainees and performance assessment more efficient and equitable. The extent of their impact on patient decision-making and expectations has not been completely elucidated.
Investigating the Possible Reasons for the Low Reported Morbidity and Mortality of COVID-19 in African Countries: An Integrative Review
Authors: Manna Okubalidet Kiflemariam , Costa Clemens Sue Ann , Clemens Ralf
Published: April 2023

Background:

COVID-19 has impacted the world differentially with the highest mortality and morbidity rate burden in Europe and the USA and the lowest mortality and morbidity burden in Africa. This study aims to investigate the possible reasons why Africa recorded the lowest COVID-19 mortality and morbidity.

Methods:

The following search terms were used PubMed database: [“mortalit*” (tw) OR “morbidit*” (tw) AND “COVID-19” (tw) AND “Africa” (tw)]. Studies that discuss a factor for the low COVID-19 burden in Africa have a defined methodology, discuss its research question and mention its limitations are selected for review. Data from the final articles were extracted using a data collection tool.

Results:

Twenty-one studies were used in this integrative review. Results were grouped into 10 themes, which are younger African population, lower health capacity, weather, vaccines and drugs, effective pandemic response, lower population density and mobility, African socioeconomic status, lower prevalence of comorbidities, genetic difference and previous infection exposure. The low COVID-19 mortality and morbidity in Africa is largely a result of a combined effect of the younger African population and underreporting of COVID-19 cases.

Conclusions:

There is a need to strengthen the health capacities of African countries. Moreover, African countries that have other health problem priorities may use a tailored approach to vaccinating the elderly. More definitive studies are needed to know the role of BCG vaccination, weather, genetic makeup and prior infection exposure in the differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: An Emerging Pathogen in Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: Aggarwal Ridhima , Mondal Sanjib , Angrup Archana , Vignesh Pandiarajan , Rawat Amit
Published: April 2023

Reports of infections with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in primary immunodeficiency diseases are scarce. We report 3 children with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) who developed infections due to S. maltophilia (1- septicemia and 2- pneumonia). We propose that CGD is a risk factor for the development of S. maltophilia infections and children with unexplained S. maltophilia infections need to be worked up for CGD.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in New Zealand Children
Authors: Taylor Amanda , Duncanson Mavis , Mitchelson Bryan , Nuthall Gabrielle , Voss Lesley , Walls Tony , Dalziel Stuart R. , Ostring Genevieve , Best Emma J.
Published: April 2023

New Zealand (NZ) initially adopted an elimination approach to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Pre-Omicron variant, the NZ pediatric population was immunologically naïve to SARS-CoV-2. This study, utilizing national data sources, describes the NZ incidence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following infection with the Omicron variant. MIS-C incidence was 1.03 of 100,000 age-specific population and 0.04 of 1000 recorded SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Impact of topographic hot spots on the refractive outcomes of combined DMEK and cataract surgery
Authors: Rotfogel Ziv , Pellegrini Marco , Franco Elena , Zauli Giorgio , Yu Angeli Christy , Busin Massimo
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

To compare the refractive results of combined Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and cataract surgery in eyes with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) with and without topographic hot spots.

Setting:

“Villa Igea” Hospital, Forlì, Italy.

Design:

Interventional case series.

Methods:

57 eyes of 52 patients with FECD undergoing combined DMEK, cataract surgery, and monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were included in this single-center study. Patients were classified based on the presence or absence of topographic hot spots on the preoperative axial power map. Prediction error (PE) was calculated as the postoperative manifest spherical equivalent (SE) refraction minus the SE predicted refraction.

Results:

6 months postoperatively, mean PE was +0.79 ± 1.12 diopters (D). In eyes with hot spots, mean keratometry (K), K flat, and K steep significantly decreased after surgery (all P < .05), whereas no significant changes were observed in eyes without hot spots (all P > .05). Eyes with hot spots showed a significantly more hyperopic PE than eyes without hot spots (+1.13 ± 1.23 vs +0.40 ± 0.86 D; P = .013).

Conclusions:

Combined DMEK and cataract surgery can result in a hyperopic refractive surprise. The presence of topographic hot spots before surgery is associated with a higher hyperopic shift.
Strategies for Recruiting Young African American Men for Primary Stroke Prevention Research
Authors: Araya Semere , Aycock Dawn M. , Oliver Yodit , Davis Precious Steeples , Taylor Jovon Caldwell
Published: April 2023

Background

African American (AA) men bear a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular disease and stroke but are often underrepresented in research.

Objective

This article describes the development and evaluation of a recruitment plan to reach young AA men for the Stroke Counseling for Risk Reduction in Men project.

Methods

The plan was developed from researchers' previous experiences and a literature review, and used to recruit AA men, ages 20 to 35 years, for focus groups about stroke and Stroke Counseling for Risk Reduction.

Results

Screening survey respondents (N = 81) were reached mostly by word of mouth (42%) and social media (28%). Focus group participants (N = 32) recommended appropriate incentives and social media to recruit young AA men for research. They also suggested learning about the study from a friend, colleague, or study participant could motivate participation.

Conclusion

The plan was successful in reaching and enrolling an adequate sample. Findings and recommendations highlight the importance of social networks and trusted sources.
Primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation
Authors: Hunt Mallory L. , Cantu Edward
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a clinical syndrome occurring within the first 72 h after lung transplantation and is characterized clinically by progressive hypoxemia and radiographically by patchy alveolar infiltrates. Resulting from ischemia-reperfusion injury, PGD represents a complex interplay between donor and recipient immunologic factors, as well as acute inflammation leading to alveolar cell damage. In the long term, chronic inflammation invoked by PGD can contribute to the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, an important cause of late mortality after lung transplant.

Recent findings

Recent work has aimed to identify risk factors for PGD, focusing on donor, recipient and technical factors both inherent and potentially modifiable. Although no PGD-specific therapy currently exists, supportive care remains paramount and early initiation of ECMO can improve outcomes in select patients. Initial success with ex-vivo lung perfusion platforms has been observed with respect to decreasing PGD risk and increasing lung transplant volume; however, the impact on survival is not well delineated.

This review will summarize the pathogenesis and clinical features of PGD, as well as highlight treatment strategies and emerging technologies to mitigate PGD risk in patients undergoing lung transplantation.
Lung preservation: from perfusion to temperature
Authors: Bromberger Bianca , Brzezinski Marek , Kukreja Jasleen
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review

This article will review the evidence behind elements of the lung preservation process that have remained relatively stable over the past decade as well as summarize recent developments in ex-vivo lung perfusion and new research challenging the standard temperature for static cold storage.

Recent findings

Ex-vivo lung perfusion is becoming an increasingly well established means to facilitate greater travel distance and allow for continued reassessment of marginal donor lungs. Preliminary reports of the use of normothermic regional perfusion to allow utilization of lungs after DCD recovery exist, but further research is needed to determine its ability to improve upon the current method of DCD lung recovery. Also, research from the University of Toronto is re-assessing the optimal temperature for static cold storage; pilot studies suggest it is a feasible means to allow for storage of lungs overnight to allow for daytime transplantation, but ongoing research is awaited to determine if outcomes are superior to traditional static cold storage.

It is crucial to understand the fundamental principles of organ preservation to ensure optimal lung function posttransplant. Recent advances in the past several years have the potential to challenge standards of the past decade and reshape how lung transplantation is performed.
Diffuse Pediatric-type High-grade Glioma Arising in an Ovarian Mature Cystic Teratoma
Authors: Elmuti Lena , Amundson Julia , Oberman Elise , Kamat Aarti , Sedig Laura , Lastra Ricardo R. , Aldape Kenneth , Quezado Martha , Pratt Drew W. , Cimino Patrick J. , Abdullaev Zied , Pytel Peter , Applebaum Mark A. , Bennett Jennifer A.
Published: April 2023

Immature neuroectodermal tissue can be found in the ovary as part of an immature teratoma or as part of a teratoma with malignant neuroectodermal transformation. Such lesions may closely resemble central nervous system tumors, but their biologic similarity is unclear. We describe an 18-yr-old female who presented with abdominal pain caused by an ovarian mass with widespread metastases. Histology showed a primitive, high-grade tumor arising in the background of a mature teratoma. The tumor was SOX10 positive, with focal expression of GFAP, S100, NSE, and synaptophysin. Molecular analysis demonstrated co-amplification of PDGFRA and KIT, alterations common in high-grade gliomas. By whole-genome methylation profiling, it clustered into the “diffuse pediatric-type high-grade glioma, RTK1 subtype, subclass c” group. Despite progressing through 2 lines of chemotherapy with widespread metastatic disease, she achieved an excellent response to chemotherapy directed toward aggressive germ cell tumors. This case emphasizes the importance of immunohistochemical, genomic, and epigenetic analyses to accurately classify these exceedingly rare tumors and determine the optimal therapy.
A Novel 3D Printing and Model Processing Technique for creating High-Fidelity Transparent 3D Craniofacial Models
Authors: Hendren-Santiago Bryce K. , Prescher Hannes , Gomez Isabella , Reid Russell R.
Published: April 2023

The use of high-fidelity stereolithographic models that accurately reflect patient-specific pathology has become commonplace in craniofacial surgery. Multiple studies have reported the use of commercially available 3D printers that allow limited-resource medical centers to reconstruct 3D models comparable to industry-made counterparts. However, most models are printed using only a single filament, which portrays the surface craniofacial anatomy, but fails to highlight relevant intraosseous structures. This presents a significant limitation when used for pre-operative planning and intraoperative guidance in surgeries requiring osteotomies where knowledge of the precise location of critical structures is paramount to avoid injury. The authors report a novel technique for creating transparent 3D models of relevant intraosseous craniofacial anatomy at a cost that mitigates the financial burden of industrial 3D model or industrial 3D printer acquisition. Cases are presented herein to demonstrate the diverse applications of this technique, with accurate display of the tooth roots, the inferior alveolar nerve, and optic nerve to aid in preoperative planning of osteotomies. This technique enables production of low-cost high fidelity transparent 3D models with applications in preoperative planning for craniofacial surgery.
Beyond Neighborhood Disadvantage: Local Resources, Green Space, Pollution, and Crime as Residential Community Correlates of Cardiovascular Risk and Brain Morphology in Midlife Adults
Authors: Gianaros Peter J. , Miller Portia L. , Manuck Stephen B. , Kuan Dora C.-H. , Rosso Andrea L. , Votruba-Drzal Elizabeth E. , Marsland Anna L.
Published: April 2023

Objective

Residing in communities characterized by socioeconomic disadvantage confers risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Residing in disadvantaged communities may also confer the risk of neurodegenerative brain changes via cardiometabolic pathways. This study tested whether features of communities—apart from conventional socioeconomic characteristics—relate not only to cardiometabolic risk but also to relative tissue reductions in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.

Methods

Participants were 699 adults aged 30 to 54 years (340 women; 22.5% non-White) whose addresses were geocoded to compute community indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage, as well as air and toxic chemical pollutant exposures, homicide rates, concentration of employment opportunities, land use (green space), and availability of supermarkets and local resources. Participants also underwent assessments of cortical and hippocampal volumes and cardiometabolic risk factors (adiposity, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and lipids).

Results

Multilevel structural equation modeling demonstrated that cardiometabolic risk was associated with community disadvantage (β = 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01 to 0.18), as well as chemical pollution (β = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.19), homicide rates (β = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.18), employment opportunities (β = −0.16, 95% CI = −0.27 to −0.04), and green space (β = −0.12, 95% CI = −0.20 to −0.04). Moreover, cardiometabolic risk indirectly mediated the associations of several of these community features and brain tissue volumes. Some associations were nonlinear, and none were explained by participants’ individual-level socioeconomic characteristics.

Conclusions

Features of communities other than conventional indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage may represent nonredundant correlates of cardiometabolic risk and brain tissue morphology in midlife.
Factors Associated With Adherence to a Gluten-Free Diet in Celiac Patients Diagnosed in Childhood as Compared to Adulthood
Authors: Zelnik Yovel Dana , Berezovsky Lena , Richter Vered , Shalem Tzippora , Cohen Daniel L. , Shirin Haim , Broide Efrat
Published: April 2023

Past studies have reported differences between pediatric and adult celiac disease patients. We aimed to compare factors associated with adherence to a gluten-free diet between these groups. An anonymous online questionnaire was sent via the Israeli Celiac Association and social networks to celiac patients. The Biagi questionnaire was used to assess dietary adherence. A total of 445 subjects participated. Mean age was 25.7 ± 17.5 years and 71.9% were female. Subjects were divided into six groups according to age at diagnosis: younger than 6 years (134 patients, 30.7%), 6–12 (79 patients, 18.1%), 12–18 (41 patients, 9.4%), 18–30 (81 patients, 18.5%), 30–45 (79 patients, 18.1%), and 45 years and above (23 patients, 5.3%). There were several significant differences between childhood- and adulthood-diagnosed patients. Pediatric patients were less likely to be noncompliant with a gluten-free diet (3.7% vs. 9.4%, p < .001). They were also more frequently followed by a gastroenterologist (p < .001), a dietitian (p < .001), and participated in a celiac support group (p = .002). In logistic regression analyses, longer duration of disease was associated with poor compliance. In conclusion, pediatric-diagnosed celiac patients are more adherent to a gluten-free diet than those diagnosed in adulthood, with better social support and nutritional follow-up possibly contributing.
Mid-term Renal and Mesenteric Artery Outcomes During Fenestrated and Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair for Complex Abdominal and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms in the United States Aortic Research Consortium
Authors: Tenorio Emanuel R. , Schanzer Andres , Timaran Carlos H. , Schneider Darren B. , Mendes Bernardo C. , Eagleton Matthew J. , Farber Mark A. , Parodi Federico Ezequiel , Gasper Warren J. , Beck Adam W. , Sweet Matthew P. , Huang Ying , Oderich Gustavo S. ,   on behalf of the U.S. Fenestrated and Branched Aortic Research Consortium
Published: April 2023

Objective:

To report mid-term outcomes of renal-mesenteric target arteries (TAs) after fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair (FB-EVAR) of complex abdominal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm.

Background:

TA instability (TAI) is the most frequent indication for reintervention after FB-EVAR.

Methods:

Data from consecutive patients enrolled in 9 prospective nonrandomized physician-sponsored investigational device exemption studies between 2005 and 2020 were reviewed. TA outcomes through 5 years of follow-up were analyzed for vessels incorporated by fenestrations or directional branches (DBs), including TA patency, endoleak, integrity failure, reintervention, and instability.

Results:

A total of 1681 patients had 6349 renal-mesenteric arteries were targeted using 3720 fenestrations (59%), 2435 DBs (38%), and 194 scallops (3%). Mean follow was 23 ± 21 months. At 5 years, TAs incorporated by fenestrations had higher primary (95 ± 1% vs 91 ± 1%, P < 0.001) and secondary patency (98 ± 1% vs 94 ± 1%, P < 0.001), and higher freedom from TAI (87 ± 2% vs 84 ± 2%, P = 0.002) compared with TAs incorporated by DBs, with no differences in other TA events. DBs targeted by balloon-expandable stent-grafts had significantly lower freedom from TAI (78 ± 4% vs 88 ± 1%, P = 0.006), TA endoleak (87 ± 3% vs 97 ± 1%, P < 0.001), and TA reintervention (83 ± 4% vs 95 ± 1%, P < 0.001) compared with those targeted by self-expandable stent-grafts

Conclusions:

Incorporation of renal and mesenteric TA during FB-EVAR is safe and durable with high 5-year patency rates and low freedom from TAI. DBs have lower patency rates and lower freedom from TAI than fenestrations, with better performance for self-expandable stent grafts as compared with balloon-expandable stent grafts.
Evolutionary process toward avian-like cephalic thermoregulation system in Theropoda elucidated based on nasal structures
Authors: Tada Seishiro , Tsuihiji Takanobu , Matsumoto Ryoko , Hanai Tomoya , Iwami Yasuko , Tomita Naoki , Sato Hideaki , Tsogtbaatar Khishigjav
Published: April 2023

It has long been discussed whether non-avian dinosaurs were physiologically closer to ectotherms or endotherms, with the internal nasal structure called the respiratory turbinate present in extant endotherms having been regarded as an important clue for this conundrum. However, the physiological function and relevance of this structure for dinosaur physiology are still controversial. Here, we found that the size of the nasal cavity relative to the head size of extant endotherms is larger than those of extant ectotherms, with that of the dromaeosaurid
Velociraptor
being below the extant endotherms level. The result suggests that a large nasal cavity accommodating a well-developed respiratory turbinate is primarily important as a thermoregulation apparatus for large brains characteristic of endothermic birds and mammals, and the nasal cavity of
Velociraptor
was apparently not large enough to carry out this role required for an endothermic-sized brain. In addition, a hypothesis that the enlargement of the nasal cavity for brain cooling has been associated with the skull modification in the theropod lineage toward modern birds is proposed herein. In particular, the reduction of the maxilla in derived avialans may have coincided with acquisition of the avian-like cephalic thermoregulation system.
A virtual reality study investigating the train illusion
Authors: Kooijman Lars , Asadi Houshyar , Mohamed Shady , Nahavandi Saeid
Published: April 2023

The feeling of self-movement that occurs in the absence of physical motion is often referred to as vection, which is commonly exemplified using the train illusion analogy (TIA). Limited research exists on whether the TIA accurately exemplifies the experience of vection in virtual environments (VEs). Few studies complemented their vection research with participants' qualitative feedback or by recording physiological responses, and most studies used stimuli that contextually differed from the TIA. We investigated whether vection is experienced differently in a VE replicating the TIA compared to a VE depicting optic flow by recording subjective and physiological responses. Additionally, we explored participants' experience through an open question survey. We expected the TIA environment to induce enhanced vection compared to the optic flow environment. Twenty-nine participants were visually and audibly immersed in VEs that either depicted optic flow or replicated the TIA. Results showed optic flow elicited more compelling vection than the TIA environment and no consistent physiological correlates to vection were identified. The post-experiment survey revealed discrepancies between participants' quantitative and qualitative feedback. Although the dynamic content may outweigh the ecological relevance of the stimuli, it was concluded that more qualitative research is needed to understand participants' vection experience in VEs.
Barbigerone prevents scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase levels
Authors: AlGhamdi Shareefa A. , Al-Abbasi Fahad A. , Alghamdi Amira M. , Omer Asma B. , Afzal Obaid , Altamimi Abdulmalik S. A. , Alamri Abdulaziz , Alzarea Sami I. , Almalki Waleed Hassan , Kazmi Imran
Published: April 2023

The current study was designed for the evaluation of barbigerone on memory loss. In this experimental study, 24 Wistar rats (n= 6) were used. Control rats and scopolamine (SCOP)-treated control group rats were orally administered with 3 ml of 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (vehicle), whereas barbigerone was (10 and 20 mg kg−1) administered orally to the rats from the test group. During the 14-day treatment, control group rats were given 3 ml kg−1day−1saline, and all other groups were administered SCOP (1 mg kg−1day−1, i.p.) 1 h after barbigerone p.o. treatment. The spontaneous alternation activities, learning capacities of a rat's memory were tested with Morris water maze and Y-maze. Reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and catalase (CAT) levels were measured in rat brain tissue as oxidative stress/antioxidant markers. Moreover, the levels of tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1βwere also estimated. Treatment with barbigerone in SCOP-administered rats dramatically reduced SCOP-induced neurobehavioural deficits, oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory markers, improved endogenous antioxidants, and restored AChE activity. By improving cholinergic function and reducing oxidative damage, barbigerone could mitigate the effects of SCOP-induced changes in the brain.
Influence of parental anthropometry and gestational weight gain on intrauterine growth and neonatal outcomes: Findings from the MAI cohort study in rural India
Authors: Deshpande Mugdha , Miriam Demi , Shah Nikhil , Kajale Neha , Angom Jyotsna , Bhawra Jasmin , Gondhalekar Ketan , Khadilkar Anuradha , Katapally Tarun
Published: April 2023

Background

Poor foetal growth and subsequent low birth weight are associated with an increased risk for disease later in life. Identifying parental factors that determine foetal growth are important to curbing intergenerational malnutrition, especially among disadvantaged populations in the global south where undernutrition rates are high. The objective of this study was to assess the relationships between parental biometry, intrauterine growth and neonatal outcomes, while factoring in socioeconomic status of historically disadvantaged households in rural India

Material and Methods

Using data from the prospective longitudinal cohort, pregnant women from rural Pune, India (n = 134) were assessed between August 2020 and November 2022. Data on socio-demography, ultrasound measurements, parental and foetal anthropometry were collected. Multiple linear regression models were run to predict determinants of foetal intrauterine and neonatal growth (pvalue<0.05). The dependent variables were ultrasound measurements and neonatal biometry, and independent variables were gestational weight gain, parental and mid-parental height.

Results

Mean(±SD) maternal age, maternal height, paternal height and mid-parental height were 22.8±3.7 years, 153.6±5.5cm, 165.9±6.5cm and 159.1±8.7cm, respectively. Pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain was 20.5±4.0 kg/m2and 9.8±3.7kg respectively. Mid-parental height and gestational weight gain were strongly correlated with neonatal growth and foetal intrauterine growth (p<0.05); however, the correlation peaked at 28 weeks of gestation(p<0.05). Gestational weight gain (B=28.7,p=0.00) and mid-parental height (B=14.3,p=0.00) were identified as strong determinants of foetal-intrauterine growth and neonatal anthropometry at birth. Maternal height was found to influence length of male neonate (B=0.18,p=0.00), whereas, paternal height influenced length of the female neonate (B=0.11,p=0.01).

Conclusion

Parental socio-economic status, biometry and maternal gestational weight gain influence growth of the child starting from the intrauterine period. Our study underlines the need for interventions during pre-pregnancy, as well as during pregnancy, for optimal weight gain and improved foetal and neonatal outcomes.
Initial Observation of Contrast Profiles for 2D and 3D MRI Sequences in MR-Guided Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Gill Gobind S. , Hunt Brady , Zhang Rongxiao , Williams Benjamin B. , Zaki Bassem I.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

In our experience treating locally advanced pancreatic cancer (PC) with magnetic resonance-guided radiation therapy (MRgRT), the true-fast imaging with steady-state free precession (TRUFI) sequences used to generate real-time 2D MRI (2D cine) impart differing intensities for relevant structures when compared to the pre-treatment high resolution 3D MRI (3D MRI). Since these variations can confound target tracking selection, we propose that an understanding of the differing contrast profiles could improve selection of tracking structures.

Methods and Materials

We retrospectively reviewed both 2D cine and 3D MRI images for 20 patients with PC treated with MRgRT. At simulation, an appropriate tracking target was identified and contoured on a single 3mm sagittal slice of the 3D MRI. This sagittal slice was directly compared to the co-registered 7mm 2D cine to identify structures with notable discrepancies in signal intensity. The 3D MRI was then explored in additional planes to confirm structure identities. For quantitative verification of the clinically observed differences, the pixel intensity distributions of 2D cine and 3D MRI DICOM image datasets were statistically compared.

Results

In all patients reviewed, arteries (aorta, celiac, SMA, HA) appeared mildly hyperintense on both scans. However, veins (PV, SMV) appeared hyperintense on 2D cine but isointense on 3D MRI. Biliary structures appeared mildly hyperintense on 2D cine but starkly hyperintense on 3D MRI. The pixel intensity distributions extracted from 2D cine and 3D MRI images were confirmed to differ significantly (two sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; test statistic =0.40; p <0.001).

Conclusions

There are significant variations in image intensity between the immediate pre-treatment 2D cine when compared to the initial planning 3D MRI. Understanding variations of image intensity between the different MRI sequences used in MRgRT is valuable to radiation oncologists and may lead to improved target tracking and optimized treatment delivery.