bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cafeicultura e desenvolvimento territorial: as cooperativas de café no sul de Minas Gerais
Authors: Toledo Eli Fernando
Published: October 2019

As cooperativas são entidades que visam, através da convergência de interesses, oferecer qualidade para a produção dos cooperados, esses agrupamentos socioeconômicos detêm vigorosos laços com os territórios que os acolhem. A cafeicultura e toda a cadeia produtiva que a envolve possui relevância histórica, econômica e geográfica para o Brasil e para o estado de Minas Gerais, o qual é o maior produtor nacional. Mais especificamente para o Sul de Minas, o café e seus aparelhos produtivos são relevantes pilares para o Desenvolvimento Local e Regional.   O presente trabalho objetiva averiguar quais são as cooperativas de café presentes na mesorregião Sul e Sudoeste de Minas e compreender os múltiplos vínculos que fazem das cooperativas instrumentos tão imprescindíveis para a geografia econômica do recorte espacial pesquisado. Essa investigação faz parte do programa “Cafeicultura como projeto socioeconômico para o Desenvolvimento Regional” amparado pelo Observatório do Mundo do Trabalho do IFSULDEMINAS. Palavras-chave: Cooperativas de Café, Sul de Minas, Desenvolvimento Local/Regional, Geografia Econômica.AbstractThe cooperatives are entities that aim, through the convergence of interests, to offer quality for the production of the cooperative, these socioeconomic groups have strong ties with the territories that host them. The coffee industry and the entire production chain that surrounds it has historical, economic and geographical relevance for Brazil and for the state of Minas Gerais, which is the largest national producer. More specifically for the South of Minas, coffee and its productive apparatus are essential pillars for local and Regional Development. The present work purpose of finding out which coffee cooperatives are present in the South and Southwest mesoregion of Minas Gerais and to understand the multiple bonds that make the cooperative instruments so essential for the economic geography of the researched space. This research is part of the program "Coffee as a socioeconomic project for Regional Development" supported by the Observatório do Mundo do Trabalho of IFSULDEMINAS.Keywords: Coffee Cooperatives, South of Minas, Local/Regional Development, Economic Geography.
Zonas transfronteiriças, delimitação socioespacial e territorial do Estado: o caso da cidade de Jimaní (República Dominicana) e posto fronteiriço de Malpasse/Fonds-Parisien (Haiti)
Authors: SAINTE Guerby
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo realizar uma discussão sobre a fronteira entre o Haiti e a República Dominicana partindo de uma reflexão sobre as zonas de fronteiras e a dinâmica socioespacial e territorial no caso da cidade de Jimaní e o posto fronteiriço de Malpasse/Fonds-Parisien. Essas relações mantidas na fronteira dos dois países são relevantes para a dinamização socioespacial e a formação territorial nas escalas nacionais dos Estados. Percebermos que a dinâmica da economia local criada na fronteira permite que as populações comercializem bens e serviços, tornando-se atrativas ao se observar o movimento da mercadoria binacional. Buscamos, então, analisar, por processo de abertura e fechamento da fronteira, os principais papéis da fronteira na política da economia urbana voltada a uma desaceleração ou aceleração da economia das cidades fronteiriças. Sendo assim, a economia promovida na fronteira visa à mudança de escala, e, portanto, busca-se analisar as realidades socioculturais regionais em condições de criar identidades e estruturas econômicas de maior valor agregado nas relações comerciais entre esses Estados.Palavras–chave: Fronteira, Estado, território nacional, população de fronteira.Abstract This work has as main objective to carry out a discussion about the border between Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Starting from a reflection on the zones of sources and the socio-spatial and territorial dynamics in the case of the city of Jimaní and the border post of Malpasse/Fonds-Parisien. These relations maintained at the border of the two countries are relevant for socio-spatial dynamization and territorial formation in the national scales of the States. We realise that the dynamics of the local economy created at the border allows the populations to market goods and services, becoming attractive when observing the movement of the binational merchandise. We seek to analyse, by process of opening and closing the frontier, the primary roles of the frontier in the urban economic policy aimed at a slowdown or acceleration in the economy of the border cities.Thus, the economy promoted at the frontier aims at a change of scale, and then, we will seek to analyse regional socio-cultural realities capable of creating identities and economic structures of more significant value added in commercial relations between states.Keywords: Border, State, national territory, border of population.
Liberal Democracy And Cultural Diversity – Between Norms And Facts
Authors: Makariev Plamen ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2019

This article has been written in response to the texts by Richard Robson (“In What Sense is Multiculturalism a Form of Communitarianism”), and Slobodan Divjak (“Communitarianism, Multiculturalism and Liberalism”) with which the Balkan Journal of Philosophy (vol. 10, no 2, 2018) started a discussion on the theme Liberal Democracy and Cultural Diversity. I try to contest the position of these two authors–that multiculturalism and communitarianism belong to one and the same paradigm in political philosophy–by pointing out essential liberal normative elements in multiculturalist theory. My main thesis is that in order to clarify the relation between multiculturalism and communitarianism, we have to differentiate between descriptive and normative communitarianism. The latter is guided, in my opinion, by values, which stand in stark contrast with the liberal ones, whilst this is not the case with multiculturalism.
Adaptações curriculares na construção de práticas de letramento para alunos surdos
Authors: Pinheiro Lucineide Machado
Published: October 2019

Estudos apontam que estudantes surdos têm apresentado um quadro de baixo desempenho devido às dificuldades apresentadas em leitura e escrita. Tal situação resulta, em parte, das abordagens utilizadas no ensino de língua portuguesa como primeira língua, sem qualquer adaptação metodológica. Segundo os pressupostos da educação inclusiva, espera-se que o professor desenvolva adaptações curriculares como forma de construir um processo de ensino-aprendizagem significativo. Diante desse contexto, este estudo se propôs em investigar, se e como as adaptações curriculares têm sido implementadas em escolas que possuem alunos surdos matriculados, e como elas colaboram para a construção de práticas de letramento bilíngues. Apoiado na Teoria Sócio-Histórico-Cultural e na política nacional de ensino-aprendizagem, esse estudo se encontra ancorado, também, na metodologia qualitativa, do tipo crítico-colaborativo. Os dados foram gerados mediante observação das aulas de língua portuguesa, em salas que possuem alunos surdos matriculados, além da aplicação de entrevistas e sessões reflexivas. Os resultados indicam a ausência das adaptações curriculares, a dificuldade do professor em desenvolvê-las e sinalizam que a colaboração entre os participantes favorece a sua implementação. As ações colaborativas viabilizaram, ainda, a organização da aprendizagem e a criação de zonas de desenvolvimento proximal, que impulsionaram o desenvolvimento referente às questões de letramento.
L’éducation des Canadiens français dans les monographies de localités du Québec, de Léon Gérin à Colette Moreux
Authors: Bédard1 Mélanie , Morin Dominique
Published: October 2019

Les monographies s’intéressant au devenir des Canadiens français ont amorcé l’analyse et la critique de leur éducation en train de se moderniser au Québec, avant l’essor d’une sociologie de l’éducation. Cet article propose une synthèse des contributions de six ouvrages qui y accordent une place importante dans la représentation du devenir d’une vie économique et communautaire, sur le territoire de localités situées hors des grandes villes de la province et de leurs banlieues. Ces études témoignent de l’époque d’une transition, aux yeux des sociologues, entre le règne d’une tradition et la modernisation du Québec. Jadis, l’éducation des Canadiens français apparaissait davantage comme le fait de familles, de communautés et de milieux de travail que de l’école, ce qui change avec la modernisation décrite dans les monographies, observée jusque dans les localités rurales éloignées. Chacun des auteurs des ouvrages revisités situe le cas des Canadiens français du Québec en marge d’un devenir moderne plus souhaitable, notamment en matière d’éducation.
Bref portrait historique des courants et débats dans le champ des études ethniques en éducation au Québec
Authors: Potvin Maryse
Published: October 2019

Les enjeux liés au pluralisme, à l’équité et à l’inclusion font partie des grandes priorités du XXIe siècle pour les systèmes éducatifs. Ces enjeux ont donné lieu, au Québec comme ailleurs, à un champ spécifique de politiques et d’interventions publiques, de débats et de recherches depuis 50 ans. Cet article retrace l’apparition relativement « successive » de courants - multiculturel ou interculturel, antiraciste, à la citoyenneté et aux droits, inclusif, encore tous présents dans la sociologie de l’éducation aujourd’hui – et montre comment ils ont marqué (et prédominé davantage dans) les discours normatifs et le champ des études ethniques en éducation au Québec au cours de trois périodes différentes : les années 1970-1980, 1990-2000, 2010 à nos jours. Cet article esquisse donc à grands traits les principaux « courants d’idées » et débats dans le champ en éducation au Québec au cours de ces trois périodes, et resitue ces débats dans leurs liens à la fois avec les principaux enjeux de société ou événements marquants du contexte québécois et avec l’évolution des politiques publiques dans ce champ.
L’internationalisation des universités et la sociologie de l’éducation au Québec
Authors: Tremblay Émilie
Published: October 2019

L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre si la sociologie de l’éducation en contexte québécois mobilise le thème de l’internationalisation des universités comme objet d’étude. Quelques repères conceptuels et historiques sur la notion d’internationalisation des universités, et sur le processus d’internationalisation des universités québécoises sont proposés dans un premier temps. Une analyse exploratoire de plans de cours de sociologie de l’éducation est ensuite effectuée. Ensuite, une revue des travaux et recherches sur le thème de l’internationalisation des universités est présentée. L’auteure montre que ce thème occupe une place assez marginale dans l’enseignement et dans la recherche en sociologie de l’éducation. En conclusion, deux hypothèses sont avancées pour expliquer le manque de mobilisation autour de ce thème de recherche.
TOKSIČNI STRES U DETINJSTVU I RIZIK ZA DUGOROČNE ZDRAVSTVENE POSLEDICE
Authors: Bogdanović Radovan , Lozanović Dragana
Published: October 2019

Nepovoljna iskustva u detinjstvu (NID), uključujući zlostavljanje, zanemarivanje,disfunkcionalnu porodicu i druge stresne ili traumatične nedaće u detinjstvu, povezanesu sa dugoročnim negativnim zdravstvenim posledicama. Kao doprinoseći činilacu nastanku ovih posledica uključen je toksični stresni odgovor. Fiziološki odgovor nadelovanje stresora određen je višestrukim faktorima, uključujući trajanje i jačinu izloženosti,zaštitne faktore ili ranjivosti i razvojne činioce. Odgovor na delovanje stresoramože biti adaptacioni (fiziološki) ili maladaptacioni (patološki). U odgovoru na delovanjestresora nervni, endokrini i imunski sistem integrišu se u jedinstven neuro-endokrino-imunski sistem. Ako je izloženost stresoru vremenski ograničena i ukoliko osobaposeduje odgovarajuće mehanizme za suprotstavljanje, ovi sistemi podležu vremenskiograničenoj adaptaciji da bi se organizam vratio u stanje homeostaze. Međutim, dugotrajnaili jaka izloženost delovanju stresora može da prouzrokuje disregulaciju neuro-endokrino-imunskog sistema, oštećujući inhibiciju fidbekom i regulacione mehanizmei stvarajući maladaptacioni, toksični, odgovor na stres. Toksični stres može daprouzrokuje bilo suvišak bilo nedostatak hormona ili neurotransmitera indukovanihstresom, što opet, kada se doživi u toku senzitivnog perioda razvoja u detinjstvu, možeda bude ugrađeno u biološke sisteme u razvoju. Poremećena dostupnost hormona i neurotransmiteraizaziva trajne promene koje pogađaju brojne organske sisteme i funkcije,uključujući arhitekturu mozga, regulaciju endokrinog sistema i imunski odgovor.Promene u više organskih sistema, u sprezi sa genetičkom osetljivošću i epigenetičkomregulacijom, stavljaju osobu u rizik za negativne posledice po fizičko, mentalno i bihevioralnozdravlje u odraslom dobu.
KORELACIJA PATOHISTOLOŠKIH KARAKTERISTIKA I ISHODA KOD ATREZIJE EKSTRAHEPATIČNIH ŽUČNIH VODOVA
Authors: Jojić Dragica , Draganović Dragica
Published: October 2019

Ekstrahepatična bilijarna atresija (EHBA) karakteriše oboljenje ili opstrukcijuekstrahepatičnog bilijarnog sistema, što rezultira opstrukcijom žučnog toka. Indikatoriloše prognoze u slučajevima ekstrahepatične bilijarne atresije i dalje ostaju kontroverzni.Ciljevi: Korelacija histopatoloških nalaza kliničke biopsije jetre i tkiva dobijenih izporte hepatis, tokom hepatične portoenterostomije, sa kliničkim ishodom.Materijal i metodi rada: Svi slučajevi EHBA su lečeni u Institutu za zaštitu zdravljamajke i dece Srbije Dr Vukan Čupić u sedmogodišnjem periodu. Perkutane biopsije jetrei biopsije iz porta hepatisa su analizirane sa bojenjem PAS (periodična kiselina Schiff).Patohistološki parametri u korelaciji sa kliničkim ishodom bili su: prisustvo velikihžučnih kanala (prečnika> 150μm) u pločici tkiva porte, stepena fibroze, ciroze, holestaze,transformacije gigantske ćelije, duktalne proliferacije i starosti u vreme operacije.Rezultati: Od 29 decesa EHBA operisano je 25 (86,2 %). Preživljavanje je bolje akose operacija uradi ranije (p < 0,05). Postojala je značajna korelacija između stepena fibroze,ciroze i lošeg kliničkog ishoda (p < 0,001). Na kraju našeg perioda praćenja,živo je 13-oro dece, 2 i više godine je preživelo 68,2 % (15/22), a 5 godina i više 27,3 %(6/22) pacijenata.Zaključak: Kod pacijenata sa EHBA sa velikom verovatnoćom, biopsijom se možeustanoviti stadijum bolesti, oceniti težina i predvideti dalji tok i ishod bolesti. Veći stepenfibroze, ciroze u vreme operacije, hepatične portoenterostomije i prisustvo malformacijeduktalne ploče povezan je sa značajno slabijim kliničkim ishodom.
SIMPTOMATSKO LEČENJE POVIŠENE TEMPERATURE U DECE
Authors: Krstovski Nada
Published: October 2019

Povišena temperatura jedan je od najčešćih simptoma u detinjstvu sa kojim se susrećupedijatri i drugo medicinsko osoblje. Roditelji su često veoma zabrinuti i dajuantipiretike čak iako je temperatura minimalno povišena ili je uopšte nema. Povišenatemperatura je fiziološki odgovor koji ispoljava korisne efekete u borbi protiv infekcijei nema dokaza da uzrokuje neurološke komplikacije. Odluka o snižavanju povišenetemperature treba da bude individualna sa ciljem da se postigne sveukupna udobnostfebrilnog deteta pre nego sama normalizacija temperature. Indikacije za lečenje povišenetemperature su šok, prisustvo pridružene bolesti zbog koje su povećani metaboličkizahtevi, disbalans tečnosti i elektrolita. Najčešće upotrebljavani antipiretici u decei adolescenata su paracetamol i ibuprofen. Ne postoji značajna razlika u sigurnosnomprofilu i efikasnosti ova dva leka kada se primenjuju u prethodno zdravog deteta sapovišenom temperaturom. Naizmenična primena ova dva leka je česta i efikasnija uodnosu na pojedinačnu primenu svakog leka ponaosob. Međutim ovaj način primeneantipiretika može dovesti do uzimanja neadekvatne doze lekova i promoviše fobiju odpovišene temperature. Fizičke metode snižavanja temperature se koriste za lečenje hipertermijei ne preporučuju se za snižavanje temperature u odojčadi i dece. Pedijatritreba da promovišu sigurnu primenu lekova primenom jednostavnih formulacija lekai jasnim doznim instrukcijama.
FEOHROMOCITOM KOD DESETOGODIŠNJEG DJEČAKA - PRIKAZ SLUČAJA
Authors: Mišanović Verica , Anić Duško , Zvizdić Zlatan , Mešić Amira , Bukvić Melika , Nuhanović Jasmina
Published: October 2019

Feohromocitom je neuroendokrini tumor, čija je glavna karakteristika sekrecijakateholamina sa posljedičnom hipertenzijom. Vrlo je rijedak u pedijatrijskoj populaciji,uobičajeno se javlja u bolesnika srednje životne dobi. Klinička slika podrazumijevaparoksizmalne napade glavobolje, bljedila, palpitacije i znojenja. Cilj rada je prikazslučaja feohromocitoma kod desetogodišnjeg dječaka, kao rijetkog tumora u pedijatrijskojpopulaciji.
STRANO TIJELO U DISAJNIM PUTEVIMA
Authors: Ljuboja Olivera , Udovičić Slaviša , Mirošljević Vladimir , Mamić Tatjana
Published: October 2019

Aspiracija stranog tijela je interdisciplinarno područje između urgentne medicine,pedijatrije i otorinolaringologije. Vodeći je uzrok infantilnih smrti i četvrti među djecompredškolskog doba. U 50 do 75% slučajeva klinički simptomi nastupaju odmah,u zavisnosti od veličine i vrste stranog tijela a pojavljuju se u vidu 3C sindroma ili tzv.penetrantnog sindroma. Od izuzetne je važnosti rano prepoznavanje simptoma, tačnadijagnoza i pravovremena terapija. Metoda izbora u dijagnostici je fleksibilna bronhoskopija,a ekstrakcija stranog tijela se vrši rigidnim bronhoskopom u opštoj anesteziji.U sprečavanju nastanka aspiracije stranog tijela od izuzetne važnosti je prevencija, akoja se odnosi na sve one koji se bave zdravljem i odgojem djece, kao i sami roditelji,za koju se uvijek mora pronaći vrijeme.
Control of RNA viruses in mosquito cells through the acquisition of vDNA and endogenous viral elements
Authors: Tassetto Michel , Kunitomi Mark , Whitfield Zachary J , Dolan Patrick T , Sánchez-Vargas Irma , Garcia-Knight Miguel , Ribiero Isabel , Chen Taotao , Olson Ken E , Andino Raul
Published: October 2019

Aedes aegypti transmit pathogenic arboviruses while the mosquito itself tolerates the infection. We examine a piRNA-based immunity that relies on the acquisition of viral derived cDNA (vDNA) and how this pathway discriminates between self and non-self. The piRNAs derived from these vDNAs are essential for virus control and Piwi4 has a central role in the pathway. Piwi4 binds preferentially to virus-derived piRNAs but not to transposon-targeting piRNAs. Analysis of episomal vDNA from infected cells reveals that vDNA molecules are acquired through a discriminatory process of reverse-transcription and recombination directed by endogenous retrotransposons. Using a high-resolution Ae. aegypti genomic sequence, we found that vDNAs integrated in the host genome as endogenous viral elements (EVEs), produce antisense piRNAs that are preferentially loaded onto Piwi4. Importantly, EVE-derived piRNAs are specifically loaded onto Piwi4 to inhibit virus replication. Thus, Ae. aegypti employs a sophisticated antiviral mechanism that promotes viral persistence and generates long-lasting adaptive immunity.
AOA Approval of ACGME Internship and Residency Training
Authors: Duffy Thomas , Martinez Bulmaro
Published: October 2019

Since the 1970s, the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) has provided a means for osteopathic physicians to apply for approval of their postdoctoral training in programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Osteopathic physicians who trained in ACGME programs need this approval to meet AOA licensure and board certification requirements. The AOA approves ACGME residency training with several different approval processes. Approval of the first year of postdoctoral training occurs through Resolution 42, specialty approval (for specialties in which the first year of training is part of the residency), or federal or military training approval. For residency training, the AOA verifies successful completion of an ACGME training program before approving the training. The AOA is using customer surveys and online applications to improve the review process for applicants.
BUSINESS PROCESS MODELLING IN THE FRAMEWORK OF A SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Drljaca Miroslav
Published: October 2019

Business processes are a structural element of the management system of every organization.They take place in all organizations regardless of their level of awareness.If there is no awareness of the business processes in the organization, they become spontaneous and not managed.If the level of awareness about the ongoing processes is high, and if the processes were identified, documented and managed, business process management can be discussed.When modelling business processes, it is possible to apply different methods and use different tools. In this research, the author has applied both general and special scientific methods of cognition and research methods of business processes modelling in the Safety Management System, citing their advantages and disadvantages. The result of the research is a proposal for a method that can be used to model business processes of a Safety Management System and to ensure continuous improvement of the system. Keywords: safety management system, the methodology of business process modelling.
Nutritional Quality Response of Carrot (Daucus carota) to Different Rates of Inorganic Fertilizer and Biochar
Authors: Asante Kwaku , Manu-Aduening Joseph , Essilfie Margaret Esi
Published: October 2019

Nutritional quality of most high valued crops including carrot can be influenced by soil management practices. A field study to evaluate soil management improvement effect on nutritional quality of carrot was carried out in two contrasting cropping seasons of two rainfall regimes ranging from 600 mm to 800 mm in 2016 and 2017 at Mampong in the Forest-Savannah transition zone of Ghana. Three rates of soil amendments using biochar rates of 0, 5 and 10 tons/ha and five rates of inorganic fertilizers (NPK 15:15:15 at 200 kg/ha; P&K 50:50 at 50 kg/ha; P&K 50:100 at 50 kg/ha; Liquid Fertilizer at 1 L: 200 L Water/ha; and the control were applied using 3x5 factorial in RCBD. The combined analysis for the different treatments showed that NPK at 200 kg/ha+10 ton/ha biochar gave the highest protein content while Liquid fertilizer+5 ton/ha biochar gave the highest beta-carotene and total carotenoid contents in carrot root during the minor cropping season of 2016. However, during the major copping season of 2017, a combination of liquid fertilizer +10 ton/ha biochar gave the highest protein content whilst NPK at 200 kg/ha +5 ton/ha biochar gave the highest carotenoid content for the carrot. Nutritional contents such as carbohydrate, beta-carotene and total carotenoids were boosted by soil amendments. This indicates that both biochar and inorganic fertilizers have varying effects on the nutritional qualities of carrot.
Populational Structure of Eugenia sp. in Paraban Semiarid of State, Brazil
Authors: Japiassú André , Dantas Josimar Gomes , Mesquita Francisco de Oliveira , Diniz Adriana Araújo , Alevs Anailson de Sousa , Azevedo Francisco Roberto de , Lima Alysson Gomes de
Published: October 2019

The genus Eugenia presents one of the most important in Myrtaceae family, expressing a potential nutritional high and in drugs obtaining. The plants are resist and resist disease, their hardwood has been used to produce posts, stakes, poles, firewood and charcoal. The objective of this present work was to conduct a survey of the population structure of Eugenia sp. was conducted in caatinga area, located in the municipality of Caturité, PB. Were sampled Forty plots of 10x20 m, totaling a sample area of 8.000 m². All shrub-tree individuals were inventoried by the taking the ground level diameter (DNS), height and number of tillers. The vegetation structure was evaluated by basal area, absolute density, absolute frequency and aggregation index of the species. A total of 741 individuals of Eugenia sp. Distributed in four vegetation mosaics with a history of different uses, which were conventionally approached as: A I = Abandoned quarry area; A II = Bottom of the valley; A III = Conserved Area and A IV = Capoeira Area. Area I presented a total of 92 individuals sampled in the 10 experimental plots (DA = 460), where in this environment the species tended to cluster, Area II presented 124 individuals (DA = 620) and the McGuines index expressed that in this environment the species finds grouped. In Area III, 480 individuals were sampled with an absolute density of 2,400 ind. ha-1 grouped. The density of Eugenia sp. Was performed descriptive statistical analysis. It is different in vegetation mosaics due to the history of land use in the studied areas. The largest number of individuals of Eugenia sp. is concentrated in the conserved area showing aggregation pattern. In all areas of study, individuals have low stem diameter, expressing the importance of the species in the regeneration of disturbed areas. In the quarry area are the individuals with higher height.
Characterization and Glycerine Analysis of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Seed Oil and Biodiesel
Authors: Bello E. I. , Ayodeji O. Z. , Ogunbayo S. , Bello K.
Published: October 2019

Due to increased global warming and pollution, the use of biodiesel as alternative to biodiesel has become a widespread. The use of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) oil as a possible feedstock for biodiesel production was evaluated. The biodiesel was produced through transesterification with sodium hydroxide and gave a biodiesel yield of 94 wt.%. The fatty acid profile obtained by chromatography analyzer was mainly erucic acid 45.7 wt.%, linoleic acid 14.2 wt.% and linolenic acid 13.0 wt.% acids. The distillation characteristics show higher distillation temperature than diesel and the mineral elements in the oil and biodiesel are within the ASTM limits for biodiesel. The oil and biodiesel were characterized and they gave properties that are similar to those of fossil diesel and within the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 limits for biodiesel, which led to the conclusion that mustard seeds can be a viable source of feedstock for biodiesel production. The glycerin analysis shows the completeness of the transesterification process.
Detection of Invertase Activity Produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Source of Sucrose Degradation in Sugarcane Juice
Authors: Hortense Blei Sika , Kevin Adje Hoba , Maxime Angaman Djédoux , Patrice Amiepo N’cho
Published: October 2019

The decline in purity of sugarcane juice used for the production of sucrose leads to huge losses in food processing chains. However, this sugar is much consumed by the population. Knowledge of the degradation origin of sucrose in the process of transformation is therefore necessary. It was more precisely a matter of assessing the quality of four sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) juice of different varieties (R 570, R 590, Co 997 and SP 711406) by determining their physicochemical parameters and by highlighting the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and invertase activity produced. These analyses were conducted in the Agrovalorization laboratory of the UFR Agroforesterie; University Jean Lorougnon Guédé, between November 2018 and February 2019. Thus, all juices are acidic (pH 5.05 ± 0.13) with average dry matter and sugar contents of 16.70 ± 1.04 and 59.03 ± 5.02, respectively, with favorable conditions for yeasts proliferation. In addition, S. cerevisiae was found in three juices (R 590, Co 997 and SP 711406) with a specific invertase activity of 0.42 10-2 IU / mg protein. This activity would be the basis of the degradation of sucrose in crude sugarcane juice. On the other hand, the juice resulting from the variety R 570 contained germ deprived of invertase activity (1.57 10-5 IU / mg of proteins). Its use would be a good source of crude materials for optimizing sugar production.
The Climbing Performance, Neuromuscular Transmitter (ACHE) Activity, Reproductive Performance and Survival of Drosophila melanogaster Fed Diet with Mangifera indica Cold Aqueous Leaf Extract
Authors: Alexander Etuh Monday , Aguiyi John Chinyere , Mdekera Iorjiim Walter , Ogwu Ochala Sunshine , Imoleayo Oyeniran Oluwatosin , Ugokwe Chinelo Vera , Pam Dung
Published: October 2019

Objective: To screen the toxic effect of Mangifera indica aqueous leaf extract in Drosophila melanogaster.

Materials and Methods: Phytochemical screening was carried out. 20 Adult flies were exposed to 7.5 mg, 15 mg,  30 mg, 45 mg and 100 mg /10 g diet for acute toxicity (168hrs) while 50 flies were exposed to 2.5 mg, 5 mg and 10 mg/10 g diet for sub chronic (28 days). All concentrations were prepared in 1000µl of distilled water and replicated three (3) times. Diet+1000µl of Distilled water served as control. Fecundity/developmental toxicity, Climbing and AChE activities were carried out by exposing flies to the sub-chronic concentrations for 5 days.

Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids. The acute toxicity test showed 100% mortality at 100 mg/ 10 g diet and 168hrs LC50 was 72.4 mg/10 g diet. The sub chronic toxicity test showed decrease in flies survival along concentration with a least survival at 10 mg/10 g diet. There was a slight reduction and elevation in the Climbing and AChE activities respectively but not statistically significant (p>0.05) compared to control. At 5 mg and 10 mg/10 g diet there was a delay in the development with few emerged flies.

Conclusion: From the Results, it can be concluded that Mangiferaindica aqueous leaf extract may be toxic at high dose from 72.4 mg/10 g diet and might have an adverse effect on the development and survival of flies at sub chronic concentration as low as 2.5 mg/10g diet.
Differing trophic niches of three French stygobionts and their implications for conservation of endemic stygofauna
Authors: Ercoli Fabio , Lefebvre François , Delangle Marjorie , Godé Nil , Caillon Michel , Raimond Roland , Souty‐Grosset Catherine
Published: October 2019

Groundwater ecosystems represent the greatest proportion of unfrozen freshwater on Earth and harbour high numbers of rare taxa with restricted distributions. Stygofaunal abundance, species richness, and ecology play essential roles in groundwater ecosystem services and functioning, as well as providing an important contribution to global biodiversity. However, as global depletion and contamination of groundwater pose serious and often irreversible threats to stygofauna, more information is urgently needed about the ecology of rare groundwater species to guide effective strategies for their conservation or restoration.

In this study, analyses of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were used to compare and evaluate trophic niches and diets of a vulnerable stygobiont isopod, Gallasellus heilyi living in sympatry in French groundwater ecosystems with the isopod Caecosphaeroma burgundum and the amphipod Niphargus ladmiraulti.

Stable isotope results showed trophic niche partitioning among the three stygobiont species and indicated that G. heilyi and C. burgundum occupy the role of primary consumers and N. ladmiraulti that of predator. Moreover, although G. heilyi and C. burgundum were shown to rely on the same food sources, indicating similar diets, and their trophic niches did not overlap, suggesting trophic specialization.

The results suggest that detritus (i.e. decaying organic material) is an important food source for G. heilyi, and its availability could determine the survival of this endangered species. As a practical conservation measure for G. heilyi and the whole stygofauna community, we suggest reconnecting surface and subterranean ecosystems, as they probably were before natural sinks and many wells were filled up or closed.
Developing an empirical measure of everyday information mastering
Authors: Heinström Jannica , Sormunen Eero , Savolainen Reijo , Ek Stefan
Published: October 2019

The aim of the study was to develop an empirical measure for everyday information mastering (EIM). EIM describes the ways that individuals, based on their beliefs, attitudes, and expectations, orient themselves to information as a resource of everyday action. The key features of EIM were identified by conceptual analysis focusing on three EIM frameworks. Four modes of EIM—Proactive, Social, Reactive, and Passive—and their 12 constituents were identified. A survey of 39 items was developed in two pilot studies to operationalize the identified modes as measurable EIM constituents. The respondents in the main study were upper secondary school students (n = 412). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied to validate subscales for each EIM constituent. Seven subscales emerged: Inquiring and Scanning in the Proactive mode, Social media‐centered, and Experiential in the Social mode, and Information poor, Overwhelmed, and Blunting in the Passive mode. Two constituents, Serendipitous and Intuitive, were not supported in the EFA. The findings highlight that the core constituents of an individual's everyday information mastering can be operationalized as psychometric scales. The instrument contributes to the systematic empirical study of EIM constituents and their relationships. The study further sheds light on key modes of EIM.
Mid‐manufacturing storage: Antibody stability after chromatography and precipitation based capture steps
Authors: Krepper Walpurga , Burgstaller Daniel , Jungbauer Alois , Satzer Peter
Published: October 2019

Antibodies of the IgG2 subclass were captured from the clarified cell culture fluid either by protein A chromatography or by polyethylene glycol precipitation. The captured intermediates were stored as neutralized eluates (protein A chromatography) or in solid form as polyethylene glycol precipitates over a period of 13 months at three temperatures, −20°C, 5°C, and room temperature to compare the capture technologies in regard of the resulting product storability. Monomer content, high molecular mass impurities product loss and changes in the composition of the charge variants were determined at six time points during the storage. At the beginning and end of the study, samples were additionally tested by differential scanning calorimetry, differential scanning fluorimetry, and circular dichroism to determine structural alterations occurring during storage. Protein A purified material was highly stable at all tested temperatures in regard of monomer content and product losses. A transient, acidic isoform was formed during the chromatography step which re‐converted to the main charged variant upon storage within a matter of days. Precipitated antibodies could be stored at −20 or 5°C for 3 months without product losses but afterwards recovery yields dropped to 65%. At room temperature, the precipitated antibody was not stable and degraded within 3 months.
High throughput screening of ultrafiltration and diafiltration processing of monoclonal antibodies via the ambr® crossflow system
Authors: Fernandez‐Cerezo Lara , Wismer Michael K. , Han InKwan , Pollard Jennifer M.
Published: October 2019

As the biopharmaceutical industry moves toward high concentration of monoclonal antibody drug substance, additional development is required early on when material is still limited. A key constraint is the availability of predictive high‐throughput low‐volume filtration screening systems for bioprocess development. This particularly impacts final stages such as ultrafiltration/diafiltration steps where traditional scale‐down systems need hundreds of milliliters of material per run. Recently, the ambr® crossflow system has been commercialized by Sartorius Stedim Biotech (SSB) to meet this need. It enables parallel high throughput experimentation by only using a fraction of typical material requirements. Critical parameters for predictive filtration systems include loading, mean transmembrane pressure (Δ
TMP), and crossflow rate (QF). While axial pressure drop (ΔPaxial) across the cartridge is a function of these parameters, it plays a key role and similar values should result across scales. The ambr® crossflow system is first presented describing typical screening experiments. Its performance is then compared to a traditional pilot‐scale tangential flow filtration (TFF) at defined conditions. The original ambr® crossflow (CF) cartridge underperformed resulting in ~20x lower ΔPaxial than the pilot‐scale TFF flat‐sheet cassette. With an objective to improve the scalability of the system, efforts were made to understand this scale difference. The ambr® CF cartridge was successfully modified by restricting the flow of the feed channel, and thus increasing its ΔPaxial. Additional studies across a range of loading (100–823 gm−2); Δ
TMP (12–18 psi); and QF (4–8 L/min/m2) were conducted in both scales. Comparable flux and aggregate levels were achieved.
OleD Loki as a Catalyst for Hydroxamate Glycosylation
Authors: Hughes Ryan R. , Shaaban Khaled A. , Ponomareva Larissa V. , Horn Jamie , Zhang Chunhui , Zhan Chang‐Guo , Voss S. Randal , Leggas Markos , Thorson Jon S.
Published: October 2019

Herein we describe the ability of the permissive glycosyltransferase (GT) OleD Loki to convert a diverse set of >15 histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACis) into their corresponding hydroxamate glycosyl esters. Representative glycosyl esters were subsequently evaluated in assays for cancer cell line cytotoxicity, chemical and enzymatic stability, and axolotl embryo tail regeneration. Computational substrate docking models were predictive of enzyme‐catalyzed turnover and suggest certain HDACis may form unproductive, potentially inhibitory, complexes with GTs.
Toward 18F‐Labeled Theranostics: A Single Agent that Can Be Labeled with 18F, 64Cu, or 177Lu
Authors: Lepage Mathieu L. , Kuo Hsiou‐Ting , Roxin Áron , Huh Sungjoon , Zhang Zhengxing , Kandasamy Rajaguru , Merkens Helen , Kumlin Joel O. , Limoges Alan , Zeisler Stefan K. , Lin Kuo‐Shyan , Bénard François , Perrin David M.
Published: October 2019

We report a single‐molecule radiotracer that can be labeled independently with 18F‐fluoride or radiometals (64Cu, 177Lu) in a single step. A prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA)‐targeting ligand, armed with both an organotrifluoroborate and a metal‐chelator (DOTA), was designed to optionally afford 18F‐, 64Cu‐ or 177Lu‐labeled products that were injected into mice bearing prostate cancer (LNCaP) xenografts. PET/CT images and ex vivo biodistribution data show high, specific tumor uptake irrespective of which radionuclide is used, thereby demonstrating a new approach to combining, in a single molecule, 18F‐labeling capabilities for PET imaging with radiometalation for potential imaging and therapeutic applications.
Numerical Investigation of Pressure Drop in Single Pellet String Reactors
Authors: Fernengel Johanna , Bolton Leslie , Hinrichsen Olaf
Published: October 2019

In narrow fixed‐bed reactors the influence of the confining wall on pressure drop cannot be neglected. Here, the pressure drop in single pellet string reactors, a limiting case of fixed‐bed reactors with a cylinder‐to‐particle diameter ratio below 2, is studied using computational fluid dynamics simulations. Deviations to the Ergun, and more specifically Blake‐Kozeny equation are evident though the general trend is met. A geometry‐based weighting factor is introduced to scale the influence of the confining wall in an equivalent diameter expression. Agreement between numerical simulation and pressure drop predictions from correlation are thereby improved significantly.
Metal‐Organic‐Framework‐Derived MCo2O4 (M=Mn and Zn) Nanosheet Arrays on Carbon Cloth as Integrated Anodes for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Huang Tingting , Lou Zheng , Lu Yao , Li Rui , Jiang Yuan , Shen Guozhen , Chen Di
Published: October 2019

Electrode materials with special microstructures derived from metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibited high performance in electrochemical energy storage devices. In this manuscript, using freshly prepared Co−MOF nanosheet arrays as the self‐sacrificed template, MCo2O4 (M=Mn and Zn) nanosheet arrays were successfully grown on carbon cloth (CC) by using a facile solution method. As‐prepared MnCo2O4@CC and ZnCo2O4@CC were used as the integrated electrodes for supercapacitors and Li‐ion batteries. Studies found that both integrated electrodes delivered high capacity and a long cycling life of 20 000 cycles with the capacity retention of 95.5 % for MnCo2O4@CC and 94.7 % for ZnCo2O4@CC at the current density of 50 mA cm−2, respectively. Assembled into asymmetric supercapacitors with carbon nanosheet arrays@CC (CNS@CC), the obtained maximum energy densities were measured to be 25.6 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 3.4 kW kg−1 for MnCo2O4@CC//CNS@CC based device and 22.7 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 4.1 kW kg−1 for ZnCo2O4@CC//CNS@CC based device, respectively. In addition, both integrated electrodes also showed good lithium storage performance, delivering high capacities of 1289 mA h/g (MnCo2O4@CC) and 1376 mA h/g (ZnCo2O4@CC) even after 200 cycles at the current density of 1 A g−1, respectively. The outstanding performances suggest the potential of both nanosheet arrays integrated electrodes for extensive applications in energy storage devices.
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Nanocrystal Formation for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Shi Fenglei , Li Fan , Ma Yanling , Zheng Feiyu , Feng Rui , Song Chengyi , Tao Peng , Shang Wen , Deng Tao , Wu Jianbo
Published: October 2019

Electrocatalysts play a critical role in electrochemical catalytic processes. In order to rationally design active and durable electrocatalysts, it is crucial to have a deep understanding on the formation mechanism of the electrocatalysts. With the development of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, it is possible to observe nanoscale behaviors in real‐time to probe the formation of various electrocatalysts. Here, the nucleation, growth, attachment, diffusion, corrosion and other nanoscale dynamics related to the formation of zero‐dimensional (0D), one‐dimensional (1D), and two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are discussed. The current challenges and potential opportunities for in situ techniques towards observation of electrocatalyst formation including high resolution, fast imaging and beam effect are also described.
Epilepsy, impaired functioning, and quality of life in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Vergeer Menno , de Ranitz‐Greven Wendela L. , Neary Maureen P. , Ionescu‐Ittu Raluca , Emond Bruno , Sheng Duh Mei , Jansen Floor , Zonnenberg Bernard A.
Published: October 2019

Objective

To estimate health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and associated manifestations and to identify potential factors associated with HRQoL in this population of patients.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart review of adults with TSC who attended the outpatient clinic of the University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands from 1990 to 2015 (N = 363; on average 33.6 years of follow‐up). HRQoL data were assessed in 2012 using the Health Utility Index version 3 (HUI‐3) questionnaire completed by patients or caregivers (N = 214 with HUI score and ≥1 TSC manifestation, including renal angiomyolipomas [rAMLs], subependymal giant cell astrocytoma [SEGA], or epilepsy).

Results

Of 214 patients in the study sample, 171 had TSC‐associated epilepsy (with or without rAML/SEGA), 37 had TSC and rAML (without epilepsy or SEGA), and 6 had other combinations of manifestations. The median HUI score for the 214 patients with ≥1 TSC manifestation was 0.51 (−0.371 to 1 scale, 1 = perfect health, 0 = death, <0 = worse than death). Among all components used to build the overall HUI score, the cognition component had the lowest score (mean = 0.47; 0‐1 scale). Patients with TSC‐epilepsy had significantly lower overall HUI than patients with TSC and rAML only (median HUI = 0.31 vs 0.95, P < .05), especially those who were in refractory state for prolonged periods of time (median HUI = −0.11 among patients with seizures during the entire duration of their follow‐up time). In multivariate analyses, severe impairment of daily functioning was the strongest predictor of HRQoL decrement (adjusted HUI difference between patients with severe vs. no impairment = −0.55, P < .05).

Significance

This study showed that TSC‐related epilepsy is associated with lower HUI, especially for patients who have refractory seizures for prolonged periods of time. Early and effective interventions to control or reduce seizures and preserve patients’ cognitive functions may help to improve patients’ quality of life.
On the role of (weak) compressibility for fluid‐structure interaction solvers
Authors: La Spina Andrea , Förster Christiane , Kronbichler Martin , Wall Wolfgang A.
Published: October 2019

In the present study, a weakly compressible formulation of the Navier‐Stokes equations is developed and examined for the solution of fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) problems. Newtonian viscous fluids under isothermal conditions are considered, and the Murnaghan‐Tait equation of state is employed for the evaluation of mass density changes with pressure. A pressure‐based approach is adopted to handle the low Mach number regime, ie, the pressure is chosen as primary variable, and the divergence‐free condition of the velocity field for incompressible flows is replaced by the continuity equation for compressible flows. The approach is then embedded into a partitioned FSI solver based on a Dirichlet‐Neumann coupling scheme. It is analytically demonstrated how this formulation alleviates the constraints of the instability condition of the artificial added mass effect, due to the reduction of the maximal eigenvalue of the so‐called added mass operator. The numerical performance is examined on a selection of benchmark problems. In comparison to a fully incompressible solver, a significant reduction of the coupling iterations and the computational time and a notable increase in the relaxation parameter evaluated according to Aitken's Δ2 method are observed.
Von der Verwebung der Textkulturen
Authors: Jäger Henrik
Published: October 2019

Von Leibniz inspiriert, bereiteten der Jesuit François Noël und der Gelehrte Christian Wolff eingangs des 18. Jahrhunderts der klassischen chinesischen Philosophie in Europa den Weg. Vor allem ihre Auseinandersetzung mit den wichtigsten Schriften des Konfuzius erschloss bedeutende Quellen der philosophischen Reflexion und der Inspiration – sogar für die Aufklärung.
Improvement of gluten‐free bread and cake properties using natural hydrocolloids: A review
Authors: Salehi Fakhreddin
Published: October 2019

The main wheat component responsible for bread and cake quality is gluten. Celiac disease is an autoimmune digestive disease that is caused by the digestion of gluten, and the only treatment of this disease is a gluten‐free diet. Various gluten‐free formulations (composite and wheatless flours) have applied gums (as gluten substitutes) to mimic the viscoelastic properties of gluten. In the bakery products, gums have been used to improve dough performance, bread and cake characteristics, textural and sensorial quality, and extension the products shelf life. This paper reviews the effect of the most common and new hydrocolloids (balangu seed, wild sage seed, basil seed, cress seed, xanthan, guar, starch carrageenan, methylcellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, and locust bean gums) on the rheological, physicochemical, textural, and quality characteristics of gluten‐free breads and cakes. Gums affect gelatinization and retrogradation of starch through a strong association of amylose with gum, resulting in a decrease in the retrogradation of starch. Gums addition increased volume and porosity of the breads and cakes and resulted in softer products.