bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MobiChIP: a compatible library construction method of single-cell ChIP-seq based droplets
Authors: Yu Xianhong , Zheng Guantao , Xu Liting , Guo Weiyi , Chen Guodong , Zhu Yiling , Li Tingting , Rao Mingming , Wang Linyan , Cong Rong , Pei Hao
Published: October 2024

A high-throughput single-cell ChIP-seq based droplet reveals the integration of scRNA-seq data and scChIP-seq data.
Construction of Janus carbon particles with controllable morphology and their application in lithium battery anode materials
Authors: Zhao Yashuai , Xu Yunjia , Wang Hongwei , Sun Hehang , Hou Chunping , Bo Chunmiao , Ou Junjie
Published: October 2024

Janus carbon particles with controllable morphology were synthesized via seed swelling photoinitiated polymerization and utilized as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
Insights into (Mn/Fe/Co)M–N–C dual-atom catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: the critical role of structural evolution
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Wang Suli , Xia Zhangxun , Li Huanqiao , Yu Shansheng , Sun Gongquan
Published: October 2024

Dual-atom catalysts (DACs) based on M1M2–N–C have been utilised to regulate the active site of single-atom catalysts (SACs) and optimise their oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity.
Temperature dependence of the electron and hole Landé g-factors in CsPbI3 nanocrystals embedded in a glass matrix
Authors: Meliakov Sergey R. , Zhukov Evgeny A. , Belykh Vasilii V. , Nestoklon Mikhail O. , Kolobkova Elena V. , Kuznetsova Maria S. , Bayer Manfred , Yakovlev Dmitri R.
Published: October 2024

Coherent spin dynamics of carriers in CsPbI3 perovskite nanocrystals embedded in a glass matrix are studied by the time-resolved Faraday ellipticity. Nanocrystal size and temperature dependencies of the electron and hole g-factors are measured.
Tunable Zn2+ de-solvation behavior in MnO2 cathodes via self-assembled phytic acid monolayers for stable aqueous Zn-ion batteries
Authors: Ding Tianhang , Yu Shichao , Feng Ziyu , Song Bin , Zhang Hong , Lu Ke
Published: October 2024

Special phytic acid (PA) layer facilitates desolvation of zinc ions and protects MnO2 with excellent electrochemical capacity.
Nanoscale chirality generated in zinc(ii) orthophosphate clusters: evidence by vibrational circular dichroism
Authors: Aisawa Sumio , Horiguchi Nami , Chida Chika , Sang Jing , Hirahara Hidetoshi , Yamagishi Akihiko , Sato Hisako
Published: October 2024

Nanoscale chirality exists in inorganic zinc(ii) orthophosphates as confirmed by solid state vibrational circular dichroism.
Construction of covalent organic frameworks via the Mannich reaction at room temperature for light-driven oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acids
Authors: Wang Jian-Cheng , Sun Ting , Zhang Jun , Chen Zhi , Du Jia-Qi , Kan Jing-Lan , Dong Yu-Bin
Published: October 2024

We realized the construction of covalent organic frameworks through the Mannich reaction at room temperature and utilized one of the obtained COFs for light-driven oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acids.
A cancer immunoprofiling strategy using mass spectrometry coupled with bioorthogonal cleavage
Authors: Ribéraud Maxime , Porret Estelle , Pruvost Alain , Theodoro Frédéric , Nguyen Anvi Laëtitia , Specklin Simon , Kereselidze Dimitri , Denis Caroline , Jego Benoit , Barbe Peggy , Keck Mathilde , D'Anfray Timothée , Kuhnast Bertrand , Audisio Davide , Truillet Charles , Taran Frédéric
Published: October 2024

Cancer immuno-profiling: The combination of bioorthogonal chemistry and LC-MS/MS-analysis was successfully used for imaging and quantifying overexpressed cancer receptors in cells, tissues and in vivo.
Amplification-free miRNA detection with CRISPR/Cas12a system based on fragment complementary activation strategy
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Zhang Qiuting , Luo Ran , Sun Jiudi , Zhu Cheng , Zhou Dianming , Gong Xiaoqun
Published: October 2024

We proposed the ‘Fragment Complementary Activation Strategy’ (FCAS) based on the CRISPR/Cas12a system and designed fragment activators consisting of ssDNA and miRNA targets, enabling the direct detection of miRNAs.
Entropically and enthalpically driven self-assembly of a naphthalimide-based luminescent organic π-amphiphile in water
Authors: Ali Sk Mursed , Sk Sujauddin , Sarkar Shuvajyoti , Das Sayani , Sepay Nayim , Molla Mijanur Rahaman
Published: October 2024

Entropically and enthalpically favourable vesicular self-assembly of a naphthalimide based water soluble luminescent organic dipolar building block is reported.
The impact of cell states on heterochromatin dynamics
Authors: Trouth Abby , Veronezi Giovana M. B. , Ramachandran Srinivas
Published: October 2024

Establishing, maintaining, and removing histone post-translational modifications associated with heterochromatin is critical for shaping genomic structure and function as a cell navigates different stages of development, activity, and disease. Dynamic regulation of the repressive chromatin landscape has been documented in several key cell states — germline cells, activated immune cells, actively replicating, and quiescent cells — with notable variations in underlying mechanisms. Here, we discuss the role of cell states of these diverse contexts in directing and maintaining observed chromatin landscapes. These investigations reveal heterochromatin architectures that are highly responsive to the functional context of a cell's existence and, in turn, their contribution to the cell's stable identity.
Epigenetics and alternative splicing in cancer: old enemies, new perspectives
Authors: Pandkar Madhura R. , Shukla Sanjeev
Published: October 2024

In recent years, significant strides in both conceptual understanding and technological capabilities have bolstered our comprehension of the factors underpinning cancer initiation and progression. While substantial insights have unraveled the molecular mechanisms driving carcinogenesis, there has been an overshadowing of the critical contribution made by epigenetic pathways, which works in concert with genetics. Mounting evidence demonstrates cancer as a complex interplay between genetics and epigenetics. Notably, epigenetic elements play a pivotal role in governing alternative pre-mRNA splicing, a primary contributor to protein diversity. In this review, we have provided detailed insights into the bidirectional communication between epigenetic modifiers and alternative splicing, providing examples of specific genes and isoforms affected. Notably, succinct discussion on targeting epigenetic regulators and the potential of the emerging field of epigenome editing to modulate splicing patterns is also presented. In summary, this review offers valuable insights into the intricate interplay between epigenetics and alternative splicing in cancer, paving the way for novel approaches to understanding and targeting this critical process.
A day in the life of a researcher developer
Authors: Rhys Natasha
Published: October 2024

Natasha Rhys works as a Research Staff Development & Engagement Consultant in the Centre for Research Staff Development at King’s College London. She was previously a researcher, successfully completing postdoctoral projects and a fellowship at the University of Oxford and King’s College London. Natasha later changed her career path and went into researcher development, initially as a self-employed consultant. She now works at King’s, coordinating initiatives that support research staff development and a more positive research culture.
Navigating blended learning: how to succeed with both online and physical course materials
Authors: Arpaci Ecem
Published: October 2024

A life sciences degree equips students with various skills to solve complex challenges. It also relies on both traditional and e-learning, which may differ from school studies. In this Student Focus article, I share how I navigate a mix of digital and physical course materials to optimise revision.
Translational research priorities for bacteriophage therapeutics
Authors: Schooley Robert T.
Published: October 2024

The growing threat of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacterial pathogens coupled with the relative dearth of promising novel antibiotics requires the discovery and development additional medical interventions. Over the past decade bacteriophages have emerged one of the most promising new tools to combat AMR pathogens. Anecdotal clinical experiences under so-called ‘compassionate use’ regulatory pathways as well as a limited number of clinical trials have provided ample evidence of safety and early evidence of efficacy. For phages to reach their full potential it is critical that rigorous clinical trials be conducted that define their optimal use and that enable regulatory authorities to support the commercialization required to afford global access. The clinical development of phage therapeutics requires the design and execution of clinical trials that take full advantage of lessons learned from a century of antibiotic development and that use clinical investigation as a platform in which aspects of phage biology that are critical to therapeutics are more clearly elucidated. Translational research that elucidates phage biology in the context of clinical trials will promote highly relevant hypothesis-driven work in basic science laboratories and will greatly accelerate the development of the field of phage therapeutics.
Using lightweight denoising network to suppress multiple barrage jamming in range‐Doppler domain
Authors: Wu Minghua , Lin Yupei , Cheng Dongyang , Song Dan , Rao Bin , Wang Wei
Published: October 2024

Barrage jamming technology poses a significant threat to radar detection functions, yet there is limited research on anti‐multiple barrage jamming using single‐channel radar systems. Addressing this gap, this paper proposes a framework for anti‐multiple barrage jamming based on range‐Doppler domain denoising. This framework first performs pulse compression and Doppler processing on the echo signal to enhance the signal‐to‐jamming ratio. The range‐Doppler spectrum data is then input into a deep denoising network to suppress multiple types of jamming. Additionally, the paper proposes a lightweight deep denoising network comprising a feature extraction module, a jamming suppression module, and a feature fusion module. The feature extraction module preliminarily extracts jamming features using multiple layers of depth‐wise and point‐wise convolution. The jamming suppression module removes noise at various resolutions through a lightweight encoding and decoding structure, effectively suppressing the barrage jamming signal. The feature fusion module uses convolution kernels with different sizes to merge the multiple features output by the jamming suppression module. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively suppresses ten types of barrage jamming. Furthermore, a measured dataset is constructed to verify the method’s effectiveness.
Mapping of interstitial atoms using super-resolution and optimized machine-learning techniques
Authors: Guedj Cyril
Published: October 2024

Dedicated machine-learning techniques applied to superresolved HRSTEM images are used to map interstitial atoms with decananometric spatial resolution and picometric precision. This methodology is illustrated with the technologically-relevant case of etched GaN, used for power devices. In general, an average chemical concentration evolution close to a typical erf implantation profile is obtained, in agreement with atomistic simulations.
Impact of milking hygiene on salmonella contamination in cow’s milk: A study in Jember Regency
Authors: Chusna Mufida Diana , Arif Shabri Hammam , Hermansyah Bagus , Shodikin M. Ali , Suswati Enny
Published: October 2024

Milk is a liquid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals. The nutritional content of milk almost covers the entire nutritional needs required by living things. The appearance of Salmonella sp. in cow's milk is due to milking methods that do not meet the standards, especially regarding milking hygiene management. This study examines the relationship between milking hygiene and Salmonella sp. contamination in cow’s milk in Jember Regency.This study used observational analytic research with a cross-sectional research design. Primary data were obtained through direct observation of milkers using a checklist related to milking. observe Salmonella sp. contamination using culture techniques on SCA (Salmonella Chromogenic Agar) as selective media agar for Salmonella sp. and Gram staining. The results of this study show that the hygiene process pre-milking (78.9%), during-milking (71.1%), and post-milking (89.5%) have been implemented. The statistical test results showed a relationship between the pre-milking hygiene process with Salmonella sp. contamination (p-value < 0.05), but insignificant results were seen in the during and post-milking hygiene processes (p-value> 0.05). The conclusion from this study showed that of the three results only the hygiene processes pre-milking have results associated with Salmonella sp. contamination in cows’ milk.
Overview of chatbot usage on mental health: A scoping review
Authors: Indah Permatasari Ririn , Parama Artha Dian , Satria Wiratama Bayu , Wulandari Hanifah
Published: October 2024

Mental disorders have become the second most significant global health burden. One approach to reducing the medical and socio-economic impacts of mental illnesses/disorders is leveraging the power of digital health technology. Chatbots, in particular, hold great potential for providing social and psychological support, akin to human interactions. This research aims to map the use of mental health chatbot technology using the scoping review method based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extensions for Scoping Reviews. The results are categorized according to use, including acceptability, effectiveness, usability, adoption, and features. Study selection was assisted by Rayyan. Data extraction used a narrative approach. Chatbots were classified based on purpose, target population, targeted mental health disorders, and usage metrics. 21 out of 172 research articles met the inclusion criteria. Anxiety, depression, and stress were the most common target disorders for chatbot use, although a combination of focuses is quite ideal for mental health chatbots. Many chatbots have been used for various types of mental disorders. Their purposes range from prevention and training to therapy, with most being a combination. Further research is needed to understand the changes that occur following interventions using mental health chatbots.
Formation of 258Rf in drift plus diffusion dynamics
Authors: Albertsson Martin , Carlsson B. Gillis , Døssing Thomas , Randrup Jørgen , Rudolph Dirk , Åberg Sven
Published: October 2024

We present calculations on the formation of 258Rf in the reaction 50Ti+208Pb within the Langevin framework. The initital stage after contact of the colliding nuclei is dominated by a drift in the center-of-mass direction, while the subsequent process of forming a compound nucleus is diffusion dominated. The probability for the composite system to diffuse over the inner saddle is obtained by performing Metropolis random walks in a five-dimensional potential-energy landscape.
Population of heavy neutron-rich nuclei in multinucleon transfer reactions
Authors: Szilner Suzana , Corradi Lorenzo , Mijatović Tea , Galtarossa Franco , Diklić Josipa , Čolović Petra , Fioretto Enrico , Goasduff Alain , Montagnoli Giovanna , Stefanini Alberto M. , Valiente Dobòn Jose Javier , Pollarolo Giovanni
Published: October 2024

Selected results recently obtained in studies of heavy ion transfer reactions at energies close to the Coulomb barrier are presented. In particular, the production of neutron-rich heavy nuclei via multinucleon transfer processes in 206Pb+118Sn, 197Au+130Te, and 94Rb+208Pb is discussed.
Microscopic description of induced fission in a configuration interaction approach
Authors: Uzawa Kotaro , Hagino Kouichi , Bertsch George F.
Published: October 2024

Even though more than 80 years have passed since the discovery of fission, its microscopic understanding has still been unclear. To clarify the underlying mechanics of induced fission, we analyze the distribution of a fission width using a miscropic framework based on a configuration-interaction approach. The distribution is known to follow a chi-squared distribution, which is characterized by the effective number of decay channels, ν. We introduce an effective Hamitonian for the space of compound nucleus states and estimate ν from the rank of the imaginary part of the effective Hamiltonian. Applying the model to 235U(n,f), we succesfully reproduce the empirical value of ν = 2.3 ± 1.1. We also find that ν is insensitve to the number of fission channels, which is consistent with an experimental finding.
Theoretical estimation of synthesizing superheavy nuclei using neutron rich targets
Authors: Nishikawa S. , Aritomo Y. , Amano S. , Takagi S. , Maekawa H.
Published: October 2024

The next double magic nucleus after the double magic nucleus lead (208Pb) proton number Z=82 and neutron number N=126 is predicted to be flerovium 298Fl, Z=114 and N=184, and “Island of Stability” around this nucleus is predicted in the nuclear chart. In the synthesis of new elements, it was assumed that the projectile and target nuclei used in the experiments would be stable nuclei. In particular, it was experimentally impossible to use unstable nuclei as target nuclei. Therefore, it was considered difficult to synthesize nuclei on Island of Stability because of the insufficient number of neutrons when it came to fusion between stable nuclei. To approaching Island of Stability, it is necessary to use unstable nuclei with an excess of neutrons. However, until now there has been no method to achieve this. Recently, a new method of colliding unstable nuclei has been planned. It has also been reported that neutron-rich nuclei in the superheavy mass region have lower neutron binding energy than stable nuclei and lower temperature due to neutron emission more quickly, resulting in a high survival probability even at medium and high excitation energies. The goal of this study is to create and analyze neutron emission and mass distribution of fission fragments in the superheavy mass region using the statistical and the dynamical model. In addition, we present the results of calculations using neutron-rich nuclei.
Meta-Dispersion for Microcomb Spectral Design in Photonic-Crystal Rings
Authors: Lucas Erwan , Yu Su-Peng , Briles Travis , Carlson David , Papp Scott B.
Published: October 2024

Microcombs, essential for various applications, benefit from tailored spectral shaping. Leveraging inverse design, we demonstrate versatile ”meta” dispersion control via multimode hybridization in photonic crystal ring resonators, offering promising avenues for advanced microcomb engineering.
Efficient multiphoton microscopy with picosecond pulse trains
Authors: Kunio Katarzyna , Bogusławski Jakub , Soboń Grzegorz
Published: October 2024

We present an all-fiber, portable setup for multiphoton microscopy with reduced frep employing a high-energy Yb:fiber NALM laser producing 10 ps pulses. Longer pulses are less susceptible to chromatic dispersion, enhancing image brightness and contrast over conventional femtosecond pulses.
Neural Network Method for Dielectric Optical Coating Design
Authors: Chattopadhyay Utsa , Carstens Florian , Wienke Andreas , Hartl Ingmar , Ay Nihat , Heyl Christoph , Tünnermann Henrik
Published: October 2024

We use neural networks to address the challenge of deriving dielectric coating designs from the desired optical properties. We show that our trained neural network can automatically design common laser mirror coatings types efficiently.
Using UV absorption measurements for estimation of laser damage thresholds in ultrafast laser applications
Authors: Riese Sebastian , Hanke Philipp
Published: October 2024

Laser damage for ultrafast pulses is connected to the UV absorption edge via bandgap. This connection may be used to facilitate damage testing and thus coating development. Preliminary results are presented here.
Bi-objective optimization modeling of a three-level supply chain in production planning and scheduling considering price-dependent demand: a case study of a soap factory
Authors: Eslami Reyhaneh , Abedini Mehran , Zokaee Mahsa , Rabbani Masoud , Aghsami Amir
Published: October 2024

Effective competition in the manufacturing industry requires careful planning and scheduling of production activities, commonly referred to as production planning and scheduling (PPAS). Furthermore, today, all organizations are striving to preserve the environment and improve the climate by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This study presents a bi-objective mathematical model for a three-level supply chain. The primary objective of the model is to maximize profit, while the secondary objective is to minimize greenhouse gas emissions. By adopting this model, companies can strive towards achieving their business goals while simultaneously contributing to a sustainable future. Numerical experiments demonstrate the applicability of the developed model, and a case study in a soap factory is presented to calculate the optimal production quantities and determine the best price to increase demand while achieving profit. Finally, by conducting sensitivity analysis, optimal strategic decisions and useful management insights have been identified. According to the results and examination of the experiments, expanding the capacity and production rate, especially when the market potential for buying products is higher, fulfills the main goals. Also, in times of market recession, the variety of quality and price of products will lead to more profit.
Visible-Light-Mediated Strain-Release Radical Spirocyclizations: Access to Functionalized Spirocyclobutanes
Authors: Hari Durga Prasad , Singha Tushar
Published: October 2024

Spirocyclobutanes have gained significant attention in medicinal chemistry discovery programs due to their broad spectrum of biological activities and clinical applications. Utilizing ring strain in small molecules to drive organic transformations is one of the most powerful tools in chemical synthesis. Our research group has focused on developing new synthetic strategies enabled by ring strain to construct complex molecules selectively and efficiently. This account summarizes our recent efforts toward the synthesis of a library of functionalized spirocyclobutanes by harnessing the ring strain of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. Three spicrocyclization cascades have been developed to incorporate a diverse range of radical precursors into spirocycobutanes.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis of Spirocyclobutyl Lactones and -Lactams using Bifunctional Reagents

3 Dual Photoredox/Nickel Catalysis for the Synthesis of Spirocyclobutyl Lactams

4 Synthesis of Spirocyclobutyl Oxindoles under Photoredox Catalysis

5 DFT Studies

6 Conclusion
Application of Combined SCIP and Free Fibula Flaps for Reconstruction of a Massive Composite Oromandibular Defect: A Pioneering Approach
Authors: Venkateswar K. Pavan , Kumar Anchit , Mishra Kripa Shankar , Arora Rajan , Prasad Nikhil , Gupta Samarth , Dewan A. K. , Arora Vikas , Yadav Vishal
Published: October 2024

Resection of advanced oral malignancies often leads to extensive composite tissue defects, which may involve skin, oral mucosa, mandible, and a significant amount of soft tissue. While the free fibula flap remains the primary choice of reconstruction, there are instances where a second flap is necessary for coverage. In such cases, the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is commonly employed as a second free flap. We recently utilized a superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap in combination with the free fibula flap to reconstruct a large oromandibular defect. This report emphasizes the significance of the SCIP flap and the benefits of combining free flaps, supported by relevant literature.
Catastrophe insurance and solvency regulation
Authors: Goussebaïle Arnaud , Louaas Alexis
Published: October 2024

Solvency regulation can prevent insurers from making decisions that are detrimental to policyholders. However, it can also discourage the purchase of insurance for catastrophic risks by causing prohibitive insurance loading due to high reinsurance coverage constraints. This paper examines this delicate trade-off. We show that a solvency regulation allowing some level of insurer default in catastrophic states can be a first-best policy. The default rate of this first-best policy varies depending on the risk line and market conditions. Our numerical simulations indicate that it is possible to closely approximate the first-best policy by implementing a straightforward solvency regulation, considering insurers’ Expected Shortfall and Value at Risk, the reinsurance loading, and policyholders’ risk aversion. Therefore, reforming current solvency regulations in this direction could improve policyholders’ welfare.
Synchronizing satellites with frequency combs
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: October 2024

A combination of classical and quantum frequency combs offers a way to synchronize optical clocks across free space.
Influence of recrystallization on stability of tungsten scanning tunneling microscope tips
Authors: Griffin R. , Chandler H. J. , Rubanov S. , Schenk A. K. , Pakes C. I.
Published: October 2024

The structure and electron emission properties of scanning tunneling microscope tips electrochemically etched from polycrystalline and recrystallized tungsten wires were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Tips etched using the recrystallized wire had single crystal domains larger than those seen in tips etched from the cold drawn wire. The stability of the tips under high electric fields was investigated using field emission. It was found that tips etched from the recrystallized wire tended to have improved stability compared to those etched from the polycrystalline wire and that annealing either type of tip to high temperature in ultra-high vacuum had the greater influence on tip stability.
The effect of dust on the propagation of a hydromagnetic solitary wave along the magnetic field in a cold collision-free plasma
Authors: Iqbal Z. , Allen J. E. , Causa F. , Abbas G. , Ridgway Wesley J. M. , Koukouloyannis V.
Published: October 2024

The effect of dust is studied on the parallel propagation of a solitary hydromagnetic wave in a magnetized, cold, collision-free plasma. The fully nonlinear analysis is based on the Adlam–Allen method. The system of nonlinear differential equations was derived using the assumption of massive dust, namely, that the dust velocity is constant and parallel to the background magnetic field. Self-consistent solutions obtained from the model for the lighter particles dynamics and for the resulting electric and magnetic fields are presented, together with the validity range of Mach numbers as a function of dust parameters. In particular, supersonic solutions are possible in scenarios tending to two-component plasmas (positively charged ions and negatively charged dust). The stationary solitary pulse in terms of particle densities, magnitude of transverse magnetic field, transverse electron–ion velocities, and bipolar electric field is presented. The magnitude of these amplitudes is maximum at the center of wave and minimum at the boundary. Furthermore, it is shown that all the solitary wave amplitudes are decreases with dust parameter.
Numerical study of two equal-sized miscible drops undergoing head-on collision
Authors: Singh Swati , Saha Arun K.
Published: October 2024

The numerical analysis focuses on investigating head-on collisions between two miscible drops composed of distinct fluids, specifically ethanol and water. The simulations are performed using a coupled level set and volume of fluid approach with different Weber numbers to study the effect of drop inertia. The code is validated against experimental and numerical results from earlier investigations. Additionally, a comparative study involving both water drops and ethanol–water drops is conducted to explore the impact of varying surface tension ratios on collision outcomes. Results show that when miscible drops collide, the merged liquid drop exhibits asymmetric behavior, such as an asymmetric combined drop shape in cases of permanent coalescence or an asymmetric end droplet breakup in cases of reflexive separation. The collision outcome undergoes significant variation as the Weber number changes. At lower Weber numbers, permanent coalescence is observed, while at medium Weber numbers, reflexive separation occurs without the formation of a secondary drop. For medium to large Weber numbers, reflexive separation with the generation of one secondary drop becomes prominent, and in the case of very large Weber numbers, multiple satellite drops form. The maximum vertical elongation of the merged drop and corresponding surface energy increase as the surface tension ratio rises, irrespective of the Weber number. However, for a fixed surface tension ratio, the maximum vertical elongation and associated surface energy vary with an increase in the Weber number. The findings also shed light on the enhanced internal mixing arising from the mismatched surface tension of the colliding drops as the Weber number increases. Furthermore, the study explores the effect of drop inertia on various aspects, including asymmetric collision behavior, energy budget, and mixing index.
Optimization of thermoelectric systems for maximum power generation based on heat-source and heat-sink conditions
Authors: Kwon Honggu , Park Sungjin , Song Wonsik , Kim Woochul
Published: October 2024

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are a promising solution for waste-heat-recovery system as they can generate power when there is a temperature difference, i.e., temperature difference between the waste heat, Tsource, and heat sink, Tsink. While there are many studies on TEGs for waste-heat recovery, most works optimize their performance based on the hot- and cold-side temperatures, Thot and Tcold, respectively, of the TEGs which are different than those of the available waste-heat and coolant temperatures, i.e., Tsource and Tsink. This work proposes a model for estimating the maximum power output of TEGs based on heat-source and heat-sink conditions without taking extra steps to extract Thot and Tcold out of the conditions. From given heat-source and heat-sink conditions, i.e., temperature and flow rate, the model can determine the optimal TEG and heat exchanger geometry for maximum power generation. This model is valid for cases where the heat transfer rate of the heat sink is much greater than that of the heat source. Finally, a TEG system is optimized for marine engine waste-heat recovery, generating about 157% more power than an unoptimized system. This newly proposed model offers a simple and quick estimation of the maximum power generation of a TEG system for waste-heat recovery.
Numerical study on positive streamer in parallel-rod dielectric barrier discharge in atmospheric air
Authors: Zhang Liyang , Wu Kaiyue , Zhao Zhihang , Li Yutai , Liu Zhigang , Wang Kai , Guo Yuntao , Jiang Yuanyuan , Fu Yangyang
Published: October 2024

In this work, a parallel-rod dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) operating in atmospheric air is investigated through the two-dimensional plasma fluid model. The effects of applied voltage (Vp), secondary electron emission coefficient (γ), and photoionization are examined. Photoionization can significantly influence streamer dynamics by accelerating and broadening both volumetric and surface streamers and enhance the impact of the applied voltage. Without photoionization, the propagation distance of the surface streamer along the curved dielectric surface is limited to 0.1–0.2 mm under applied voltages of 8–8.5 kV. In contrast, with photoionization, this distance can extend to 0.3–0.6 mm. Achieving the same distance requires much higher voltages (10–11 kV) if without photoionization. The “double-layer” structure of the surface streamer is investigated, revealing that γ predominantly affects the surface branch with little impact on the volumetric branch. The critical charge density for streamer onset is found to be about 1018 m−3, and the volume-to-surface streamer transition is attributed to the lateral electric field provided by the space charges. This work provides insights into the regulation strategies and underlying mechanisms of streamer dynamics in parallel-rod DBDs in atmospheric air.
Neural network–enabled, all-electronic control of non-Newtonian fluid flow
Authors: Bao Huilu , Zhang Xin , Zhang Xiaoyu , Fan Xiao , Boley J. William , Ping Jinglei
Published: October 2024

Real-time, all-electronic control of non-Newtonian fluid flow through a microscale channel is crucial for various applications in manufacturing and healthcare. However, existing methods lack the sensitivity required for accurate measurement and the real-time responsiveness necessary for effective adjustment. Here, we demonstrate an all-electronic system that enables closed-loop, real-time, high-sensitivity control of various waveforms of non-Newtonian fluid flow (0.76 μl min−1) through a micro-sized outlet. Our approach combines a contactless, cuff-like flow sensor with a neural-network control program. This system offers a simple, miniaturized, versatile, yet high-performance solution for non-Newtonian fluid flow control, easily integrated into existing setups.
Methodical evaluation of Boyle temperatures using Mayer sampling Monte Carlo with application to polymers in implicit solvent
Authors: Schultz Andrew J. , Kofke David A.
Published: October 2024

The Boyle temperature, TB, for an n-segment polymer in solution is the temperature where the second osmotic virial coefficient, A2, is zero. This characteristic is of interest for its connection to the polymer condensation critical temperature, particularly for n → ∞. TB can be measured experimentally or computed for a given model macromolecule. For the latter, we present and examine two approaches, both based on the Mayer-sampling Monte Carlo (MSMC) method, to calculate Boyle temperatures as a function of model parameters. In one approach, we use MSMC calculations to search for TB, as guided by the evaluation of temperature derivatives of A2. The second approach involves numerical integration of an ordinary differential equation describing how TB varies with a model parameter, starting from a known TB. Unlike general MSMC calculations, these adaptations are appealing because they neither invoke a reference for the calculation nor use special averages needed to avoid bias when computing A2 directly. We demonstrate these methods by computing TB lines for off-lattice linear Lennard-Jones polymers as a function of chain stiffness, considering chains of length n ranging from 2 to 512 monomers. We additionally perform calculations of single-molecule radius of gyration Rg and determine the temperatures Tθ, where linear scaling of Rg2 with n is observed, as if the polymers were long random-walk chains. We find that Tθ and TB seem to differ by 6% in the n → ∞ limit, which is beyond the statistical uncertainties of our computational methodology. However, we cannot rule out systematic error relating to our extrapolation procedure as being the source of this discrepancy.
Mesoscale simulation of granular materials under weak shock compaction–pore size distribution effects
Authors: Seo Dawa , Luscher Darby J. , Scovel Christina , Daphalapurkar Nitin P.
Published: October 2024

This research established a systematic method to generate various pore-size distributions (PSDs) and studied the effect of PSDs on the shock compaction response of granular materials using two-dimensional mesoscale simulations under identical porosity. Simulations utilized various PSDs for three particle shapes (circle, ellipse, and square). Contacting particle configurations using three PSDs, characterized by spatially uniform distributed pores to heterogeneous distributed pores, and non-contacting particle configurations under a single case of PSD were tested. The PSD of generated particle sets was characterized using coordination number, mean diameter, and bimodality coefficient as statistical metrics. Mesoscale simulations showed that regardless of the conditions of pore distributions, shock compaction of granular materials consistently demonstrates a precursor, shock compaction front, and end. However, the shock compaction velocity of contacting particles was dependent on the PSDs despite the constant initial porosity. The compaction velocity was faster in particle configurations with relatively uniform pore distributions than in heterogeneous pore distributions, which our study demonstrated can be attributed to particle rearrangement during compaction. Circular-shaped particles had high sensitivity in shock compaction response to the various PSDs. Furthermore, a contacting particle configuration tended to propagate the shock compaction wave relatively faster than particles that were in a non-contact configuration. This study established the relative importance of considering PSD as a metric over the coordination number in studies of the shock compaction response of granular materials. Further, insights are provided on the evolving shock substructure to characterize the shock compaction response of granular materials.
Programmable piezoelectric phononic crystal beams with shunt circuits: A deep learning neural network-assisted design strategy for real-time tunable bandgaps
Authors: Zhang Gongye , Gao Xingyu , Hong Jun , Li Ke , Gu Shuitao , Gao Xin-Lin
Published: October 2024

A deep learning neural network-assisted design strategy for programmable piezoelectric phononic crystal (PnC) beams with shunt circuits is proposed. The feasibility of integrating deep learning into the design of tunable PnCs to achieve real-time vibration isolation is demonstrated through numerical examples. The influence of shunt circuits (capacitance) on bandgaps of piezoelectric PnCs is studied by finite element (FE) simulations. The results show that the bandgap frequency and range vary with the capacitance and electrode length. Moreover, incorporating supercell structures introduces an additional bandgap, significantly expanding the tunable range of the bandgap and demonstrating that shunt circuit modifications can tailor the frequency and width of the bandgap. A suite of deep learning neural network (NN) algorithms is developed for predicting bandgaps and inversely designing PnC parameters, greatly accelerating the bandgap calculation and enabling faster inverse design than existing models. The accuracy of the NN algorithms is verified by comparing their predictions with those from FE simulations. The combination of designed PnC beams and deep learning NNs enables real-time vibration reduction and isolation. This design strategy is successfully validated in a practical scenario involving real-time vibration isolation of train rails.
Experimental three-dimensional location and size distribution of rising bubbles in a cylindrical column through light field imaging
Authors: Schleuniger Pierre , Herrera Leclerc Rafael-Alejandro , Brunel Marc , Renoult Marie-Charlotte , Blaisot Jean-Bernard
Published: October 2024

A three-dimensional (3D) metrology based on light field imaging is developed to study the behavior of rising bubbles in a cylindrical column. A multi-focus plenoptic camera is used to obtain the depth location of bubbles and their size. The all-in-focus images obtained from the light field have a different magnification along the x or y axis due to the astigmatism of the cylinder's window. This phenomenon also affects depth estimation and makes the measured depth dependent on the orientation of the bubble image's interface. We developed a new 3D calibration that takes into account these dependencies. We tested our method for two configurations and two regimes by changing the gaseous Reynolds number. Results show that the far configuration is more adapted as it provides a larger depth of field and field of view at the cost of a lower spatial resolution. We were able to obtain the 3D location and size distribution of bubbles for the studied regimes. Results show that light field imaging can be adapted to in-cylinder flow visualization.
An analytic approach for nonlinear collisional fragmentation model arising in bubble column
Authors: Hussain Saddam , Arora Gourav , Kumar Rajesh
Published: October 2024

The phenomenon of coagulation and breakage of particles plays a pivotal role in diverse fields. It aids in tracking the development of aerosols and granules in the pharmaceutical sector, coagulation or breakage of droplets in chemical engineering, understanding blood clotting mechanisms in biology, and facilitating cheese production through the action of enzymes within the dairy industry. A significant portion of research in this direction concentrates on coagulation or linear breakage processes. In the case of linear case, bubble particles break down due to inherent stresses or specific conditions of the breakage event. However, in many practical situations, particle division is primarily due to forces exerted during collisions between particles, necessitating an approach that accounts for nonlinear collisional breakage. Despite its critical role in a wide array of engineering and physical operations, the study of this nonlinear fragmentation phenomenon has not been extensively pursued. This article introduces an innovative semi-analytical method that leverages the beyond linear use of equation superposition function to address the nonlinear integro-partial differential model of collisional breakage population balance. This approach is versatile, allowing for the resolution of both linear/nonlinear equations while sidestepping the complexities associated with discretization of domain. To assess the precision of this method, we conduct a thorough convergence analysis. This process utilizes the principle of contractive mapping in the Banach space, a globally recognized strategy for verifying convergence. We explore a variety of kernel parameters associated with collisional kernels, alongside breakage and initial distribution functions, to derive novel iterative solutions. Comparing our findings with those obtained through the finite volume method regarding number density functions and their integral moments, we demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of our approach. The consistency and correctness of our method are further validated by depicting the errors between the exact and approximated solutions in graphical and tabular formats.
Vortex-induced vibrations of three rigidly coupled circular cylinders in an equilateral-triangular arrangement
Authors: Chen Zhenhua , Sun Yifei , Liu Qingkuan , Zhao Jian , An Luming , Guo Peng
Published: October 2024

A three-cylinder system in an equilateral-triangular arrangement is a common, basic structure in the engineering field, and the rigid connection of multiple cylinders has been applied in some practical projects. In this paper, three cylinders in an equilateral triangle arrangement for a spacing ratio of 4 at Reynolds number of 200 are studied by means of numerical simulation. The vibration modes are divided into single cylinder vibration, three freely vibrating vibration and three rigidly coupled vibration. The vortex-induced vibration characteristics and aerodynamic forces and fluid–structure-interaction mechanisms are analyzed. The results show that the vibration velocity regions and the amplitude of three freely vibrating cylinders in the transverse and streamwise directions are obviously larger than that of a single cylinder. The rigid connection measures can effectively suppress the vibration velocity region and amplitude. However, this suppression effect is no better than the single cylinder. In the lock-in region, the trajectories of three rigidly coupled cylinders are regular closed shapes. The Strouhal numbers of the three cylinders are synchronous in the natural frequency in the lock-in region. The wake vortices from the upstream cylinders affect the downstream cylinders, which depends on different case and reduced velocity. The complex aerodynamic interference and parallel vortices of the wake enhance the vibration of the structure in some cases.
Effective modeling of open quantum systems by low-rank discretization of structured environments
Authors: Takahashi Hideaki , Borrelli Raffaele
Published: October 2024

The accurate description of the interaction of a quantum system with its environment is a challenging problem ubiquitous across all areas of physics and lies at the foundation of quantum mechanics theory. Here, we pioneer a new strategy to create discrete low-rank models of the system–environment interaction, by exploiting the frequency and time domain information encoded in the fluctuation–dissipation relation connecting the system–bath correlation function and the spectral density. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology by combining it with tensor-network methodologies and simulating the quantum dynamics of complex excitonic systems in a highly structured bosonic environment. The new modeling framework sets the basis for a leap in the analysis of open quantum systems, providing controlled accuracy at significantly reduced computational costs, with benefits in all connected research areas.
Global strong solutions to the radially symmetric compressible MHD equations in 2D solid balls with arbitrary large initial data
Authors: Huang Xiangdi , Yan Wei
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we prove the global existence of strong solutions to the two-dimensional compressible MHD equations with density dependent viscosity coefficients (known as Kazhikhov-Vaigant model) on 2D solid balls with arbitrary large initial smooth data where shear viscosity μ being constant and the bulk viscosity λ be a polynomial of density up to power β. The global existence of the radially symmetric strong solutions was established under Dirichlet boundary conditions for β > 1. Moreover, as long as β>max{1,γ+24}, the density is shown to be uniformly bounded with respect to time. This generalizes the previous result [Fan et al., Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 245, 239–278 (2022)] of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations on 2D bounded domains where they require β > 4/3 and also improves the result [Chen et al., SIAM J. Math. Anal. 54(3), 3817–3847 (2022)] of of compressible MHD equations on 2D solid balls.