bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age-specific associations of early life infections and preterm birth with subsequent atopic diseases
Authors: Nagasaki Tadao , Tabuchi Takahiro , Matsumoto Hisako , Horimukai Kenta
Published: September 2021

Background: The effects of infection and developmental adaptations in
infancy on the prevalence of subsequent atopy-related diseases at
different ages during childhood are not fully determined. This study
aims to examine the similarities and differences in the age-specific
association of asthma, allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis, and atopic
dermatitis with early life infection (i.e., daycare, older siblings, and
severe airway infection) and developmental adaptations (i.e., preterm
birth and overweight gain) in children. Methods: In this longitudinal
cohort study (n = 47,015), children were followed from 0.5 to 11 years.
The potential risks and protective factors, including daycare attendance
at 0.5 years, existence of older siblings, history of hospitalization
due to cold/bronchitis/bronchiolitis/pneumonia during 0.5–1.5 years,
preterm birth, and overweight gain at 1.5 years, were assessed using
multivariable logistic regression with adjustments for potential
confounders. Results: A negative association was observed between early
life daycare attendance and asthma at 5.5–9 years, which disappeared
after 10 years. A negative association was also noted throughout
childhood between early life daycare attendance and the presence of
older siblings with allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis. However, the
association between early daycare and atopic dermatitis was found to be
positive during childhood. In contrast, the early life history of
hospitalization owing to cold/bronchitis/bronchiolitis/pneumonia was
identified to be a risk factor for developing both asthma and allergic
rhinitis/conjunctivitis. Preterm birth was a significant risk factor for
childhood asthma. Conclusion: Different age-specific patterns were
demonstrated in the relationship between early life daycare, severe
airway infection, preterm birth, and atopy-related diseases in
childhood.
PERFICT: a Re-imagined Foundation for Predictive Ecology
Authors: McIntire Eliot , Chubaty Alex , Cumming Steve , Andison David , Barros Ceres , Boisvenue Céline , Hache Samuel , Luo Yong , Micheletti Tatiane , Stewart Frances
Published: September 2021

Making predictions from ecological models – and comparing these
predictions to data – offers a coherent approach to objectively
evaluate model quality, regardless of model complexity or modeling
paradigm. To date, our ability to use predictions for developing,
validating, updating, integrating and applying models across scientific
disciplines while influencing management decisions, policies and the
public has been hampered by disparate perspectives on prediction and
inadequate integrated approaches. We present an updated foundation for
Predictive Ecology that is based on 7 principles applied to ecological
models: make frequent Predictions, Evaluate models, make models
Reusable, Freely accessible and Interoperable, built within Continuous
workflows, that are routinely Tested (PERFICT). We outline some benefits
of working with these principles: 1) accelerating science; 2) bridging
to data science; and 3) improving science-policy integration.
A test of rapid leaf photosynthesis-intercellular CO2 concentration response (RACiR) technique for evergreens and herbs
Authors: Lin Quanhong , Tian Di , Zhao Changti , Liu Zhenyue , Wang Bin , Yan Zhengbing , Stocker Benjamin , Li Yu'e , Fang Jingyun
Published: September 2021

Using traditional photosynthesis-intercellular CO
concentration (A-C) response (TACiR) curves to
obtain the maximum rates of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase
oxygenase carboxylation (V) and electron
transport (J) is time-consuming and
labor-intensive. Instead, the rapid A-C response
(RACiR) technique provides a potential way with high efficiency.
However, multiple parameter settings of RACiR technique for different
plant life forms remain unclear. Here, we used Li-Cor 6800 to test the
applicability and optimum parameter settings of RACiR curves for
evergreens and herbs. We set 11 groups of [CO],
i.e., R1 (400-1500 ppm), R2 (400-200-800 ppm), R3 (420-20-620 ppm), R4
(420-20-820 ppm), R5 (420-20-1020 ppm), R6 (420-20-1220 ppm), R7
(420-20-1520 ppm), R8 (420-20-1820 ppm), R9 (450-50-650 ppm), R10
(650-50 ppm) and R11 (650-50-650 ppm), and made contrasts between TACiR
and RACiR curves. We found that V and
J calculated by TACiR and RACiR overall showed
no significant differences across 11 [CO] gradients
(P<0.05). The efficiency and accuracy of R2, R3, R4, R9
and R10 showed higher superiority than others. Moreover, the accuracy of
manual empty chamber correction method was higher than the automatic
method. In conclusion, the RACiR technique could be generally used to
obtain photosynthetic parameters with higher efficiency than traditional
methods for various life forms.
The Relationship between CRP at Admission and Thorax CT Findings in Patients Diagnosed with COVID-19
Authors: Beydoğan Engin , Atasoy Pınar Yürük
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The current study aims to evaluate the relationship
between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, thorax CT findings and CT-SS in
patients presenting to the emergency department with COVID-19. Methods:
Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 by nasopharyngeal rt-PCR (+) in the
emergency department were included in the study. In addition to the CRP,
ferritin and D-dimer examinations of patients at admission, thorax CT
involvement findings and CT-SS results were recorded. The relationship
of CRP value with CT-SS and clinical outcome was evaluated. Results: A
total of 974 COVID-19 patients, 572 males (58.7%) and 402 females
(41.3%), with a mean age of 59.64±17.34 years, were included in the
study. The CRP values of the patients who needed intensive care and
needed respiratory support were also significantly higher at admission
(95.1 mg/dL vs. 31.05 mg/dL) (p<0.001). The CRP values of the
patients who developed any complications during the treatment of
COVID-19 were higher (79.9 mg/dL vs. 41.85 mg/dL) (p<0.001).
In the case of CRP >124.5, a thorax CT density score 7.35
times higher was determined to be severe. In addition, it was determined
that there was a 9.09-fold increase in the incidence of negative imaging
findings in terms of COVID-19 in cases where the CRP value was
<12.5 mg/dL. Conclusion: The CRP levels of COVID-19 patients
measured upon admission to the emergency room are correlated with the
severity of lung involvement and are an important predictor of clinical
outcomes.
Energetic Windmill: Computational insight into planar guanidine-based nitroazole-substituted compounds as energetic materials
Authors: Li Jingru , Lu Zujia , Li Bokun , Wu Hao , Wu Jiaxuan , Zhang Jianguo
Published: September 2021

In this work, we designed a series of energetic materials with a
windmill-like structure based on guanidine and nitroazole, and optimized
them at the B3LYP/6-311G** level using density functional theory (DFT).
According to the optimization results, 6 molecules with planar
structures were screened out from 28 molecules and their regularities
were summarized. We calculated their geometry, natural bond orbital
(NBO) charge, frontier molecular orbital, molecular surface
electrostatic potential, and thermochemical parameters. In addition,
their properties such as density, enthalpy of formation, detonation
velocity, detonation pressure and impact sensitivity are also predicted.
The result shows that this series of compounds is a promising new type
of energetic material, especially compound 1 has superior detonation
velocity and detonation pressure (D=9720m/s, P=41.9GPa).
Contraction-Mediated Glucose Transport in Skeletal Muscle Is Regulated by a Framework of AMPK, TBC1D1/4, and Rac1
Authors: de Wendt Christian , Espelage Lena , Eickelschulte Samaneh , Springer Christian , Toska Laura , Scheel Anna , Bedou Awovi Didi , Benninghoff Tim , Cames Sandra , Stermann Torben , Chadt Alexandra , Al-Hasani Hadi
Published: September 2021

The two closely related RabGTPase-activating proteins (RabGAPs) TBC1D1 and TBC1D4, both substrates for AMPK, play important roles in exercise metabolism and contraction-dependent translocation of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle. However, the specific contribution of each RabGAP in contraction signaling is mostly unknown. In this study, we investigated the cooperative AMPK-RabGAP signaling axis in the metabolic response to exercise/contraction using a novel mouse model deficient in active skeletal muscle AMPK combined with knockout of either Tbc1d1, Tbc1d4, or both RabGAPs. AMPK deficiency in muscle reduced treadmill exercise performance. Additional deletion of Tbc1d1 but not Tbc1d4 resulted in a further decrease in exercise capacity. In oxidative soleus muscle, AMPK deficiency reduced contraction-mediated glucose uptake, and deletion of each or both RabGAPs had no further effect. In contrast, in glycolytic extensor digitorum longus muscle, AMPK deficiency reduced contraction-stimulated glucose uptake, and deletion of Tbc1d1, but not Tbc1d4, led to a further decrease. Importantly, skeletal muscle deficient in AMPK and both RabGAPs still exhibited residual contraction-mediated glucose uptake, which was completely abolished by inhibition of the GTPase Rac1. Our results demonstrate a novel mechanistic link between glucose transport and the GTPase signaling framework in skeletal muscle in response to contraction.
Colonial Land Distribution and the Structure of British Colonial Commerce
Authors: Priest Claire
Published: September 2021

This chapter discusses land distribution in the British American colonies. British policy in the Americas was notable for its goal of putting land into cultivation and for offering small parcels of land to immigrants to achieve the goal. The chapter starts by outlining the structure of British colonial government. It goes on to describe the role of the colonies in the broader conception of Great Britain's commerce, and the legal regulation of colonial trade and credit relationships. Unlike the companies trading in the East, which had imported goods for which they knew a market existed, the companies operating in America had to discover and develop lucrative items for export. But the types of goods that appeared to be marketable, such as tobacco and rice, required labor. Laborers were initially recruited by means of indentured servant contracts, and later coerced by slavery. By 1660, the British government monopolized trade over its colonies in America. The British colonies were united by the reach of comprehensive trade regulations enacted to advance the mercantilist goal of improving England's (and Scotland's) balance of trade. The commercial regulations were enacted in piecemeal fashion and were often the product of highly contested political debate. They are, however, collectively referred to as the “Navigation Acts.”
The Stamp Act and Legal and Economic Institutions
Authors: Priest Claire
Published: September 2021

The chapter evaluates the Stamp Act and the contrasting visions of the colonial economy and its institutions advanced by the Stamp Act supporters in England and the Stamp Act opponents in the colonies. It focuses on the first colony, Virginia, as an example of events taking place throughout the colonies. The chapter begins by describing how colonial legislatures assumed authority over establishing the level of fees imposed by the county-level institutions. Moving to the Stamp Act crisis, it then examines how colonial protestors found the Stamp Act taxes offensive because, in addition to usurping colonial legislatures' power over taxation, they targeted official legal documents in the course of services offered by colonial institutions, like land transfers, mortgages, and court procedures. The opposition to the Stamp Act was, in part, rooted in a profound hostility to raising the fees and costs of the institutional infrastructure that was foundational to the day-to-day workings of the colonial economy. The legislative reforms of the founding era reveal that a lasting legacy of the colonial era was an opposition to using institutional services as a source of government revenue.
Property and Credit in the Early Republic
Authors: Priest Claire
Published: September 2021

This chapter focuses on the federal structure of debtor/creditor law in the founding era. In gaining independence from British rule, the colonists rejected the extractive taxes and trade policies that they felt would suppress economic growth. But independence posed the question of what role the new federal government would play in regulating state legislatures and how much power it would have to standardize state laws on property rights, the credit markets, and the economy. In America after the Revolution, the vast differences in local preferences on the issue of creditors' remedies expressed themselves not through occupational categorization, but instead through interstate variation and hostility toward federal government policies that might have imposed a uniform regime reminiscent of the Debt Recovery Act. Federalism emerged, in part, in response to the hostility toward Britain's colonial policies. The legacies of these policies — and of the reactions to them — still affect American economic, social, and political developments today.
Forging Liberty: Abingdon and Æthelred
Authors: Roach Levi
Published: September 2021

This chapter begins by recounting the time when Abbot Wulfgar of Abingdon set out for the synod of Winchester in spring 993. According to a diploma issued shortly after the synod, Æthelred II publicly admitted to wrongdoing, including the previous sale of Abingdon's abbacy, and committed to amending this. Specifically, he restored the abbey's liberty, apologizing for his earlier infringement of this. Buoyed by the success of the Winchester synod, the local monks embarked on one of the most ambitious forgery campaigns England had ever seen. The resulting documents are companion pieces to the 993 privilege, serving to trace the history of Abingdon's liberty and endowment. The chapter then examines the Orthodoxorum charters, which are a set of diplomas in favour of Abingdon and associated houses, confirming longstanding rights of liberty. Diplomas were accorded considerable authority in Anglo-Saxon law courts, and the monks of Abingdon clearly hoped to benefit from their privileges. The aim is to strengthen Abingdon's claims, wherever possible associating these with the abbey's initial growth and endowment in the eighth and ninth centuries.
Against ‘Dissolute Mirth’
Authors: Carroll Ross
Published: September 2021

This chapter turns to David Hume and to reactions to Shaftesbury's experiment in Scotland. To many of his early critics, it appeared that Hume had followed Shaftesbury in making ridicule central to his philosophical practice, particularly when it came to religion. Even today, several commentators agree that Hume either deliberately sought to provoke laughter in his readers or simply lacked the self-control necessary to keep his own derision hidden. The chapter complicates this picture by revealing Hume's ambivalence towards the Shaftesburian programme. If good humour was a virtue for Hume, it was one that could conceal worse vices. And while he indulged his taste for ridicule frequently, he also harboured Hobbesian doubts about its capacity to distort debate and sow discord.
Gold, Wealth and Burial
Authors: Parker John
Published: September 2021

This chapter looks at the material and conceptual roles of gold in matters of death and burial on the Gold Coast and in the Akan forest in the era of Atlantic commerce. It argues that death and the ends of life were intimately bound up with ideologies concerning gold, wealth, accumulation and increase. The chapter identifies one aspect of this role as crucial to an understanding of the changing contract between Asante state and society: inheritance and death duties. Another has been touched on only in passing: the interment — and the periodic disinterment — of gold in graves. Both, in essence, were about exchange: exchange between generations, and between the living and the dead. Finally, the chapter explores how the symbolic power of gold in Asante reached dizzying heights of complexity.
Poison
Authors: Parker John
Published: September 2021

This chapter explores the cultural register of poison and poisoning on the Gold Coast and in its forest hinterland. European apprehension about guileful native poisoners is certainly part of this story, but as the chapter argues, these anxieties, far from simply being febrile orientalist imaginings, were in part derived from African perceptions of the quotidian ubiquity of poison — both medicinal and magical. The chapter investigates its cultural terrain by way of a sequence of episodes beginning at Accra in 1745, moving to the Asante court at Kumasi in the 1790s to 1810s, and then back to the Gold Coast in the mid-nineteenth century, when accusations of poisoning began to emerge in British colonial courts. Ultimately, the chapter studies the spectrum of vernacular concepts encapsulated by the term 'poison'. It then examines the poison in the Akan world and its discrete materiality and an extensive and unstable semantic range.
Writing and Reading about Death
Authors: Parker John
Published: September 2021

This chapter considers the transformation from a culture of speaking about death to one which included writing and reading about death. It spotlights the final quarter of the nineteenth century, from the creation of the British Crown Colony of the Gold Coast in 1874 to its expansion with the formal incorporation of Asante and the savanna hinterland to the north in 1901–2. The chapter focuses on literacy and print culture as they developed on the Gold Coast littoral, a process which would extend into Asante and beyond only in the twentieth century. This print culture comprised both vernacular African languages and, with the departure of the Dutch in 1872, the language of the remaining colonizing power: English. The former was particularly associated with the Basel Mission, whose European and African agents pioneered the transcription of Ga and Twi as written languages and produced the first vernacular printed texts: prayer books, primers, dictionaries, the gospels and, by the 1860s to 1870s, compete translations of the Bible. The Bible, of course, has a great deal to say about mortality and the ends of life, however, the chapter concentrates on a different, secular medium of entextualized discourses about death: newspapers, which, as in Europe, 'accorded mortality new openings.'
“On My Own”?
Authors: Rudalevige Andrew
Published: September 2021

This chapter gives a brief background of how executive orders have been used by US presidents. As a way of implementing statute in ways that hew to presidential preference, executive orders have been utilized from the Washington administration forward as an implication of the constitutional “executive power” vested in the president. Any issued order reflects presidential preferences, more or less purely enacted into action. The chapter seeks to unpack this view substantively and theoretically. Presidential action can be bound not just by legislators or judges but also by actors within the executive branch itself. The ultimate form of a given executive order may reflect agency needs, or the outcome of intrabranch negotiation, rather than pure ex ante presidential preferences.
The Sensational Republic
Authors: Tharaud Jerome
Published: September 2021

This chapter descends into the profane depths of antebellum literary culture to probe the ways religious difference haunts the sensational public sphere. It traces a neglected body of popular fiction that circulated in the “Great West” in the 1840s and 1850s. It also argues that the violent, quasi-pornographic novels stage vivid scenes of vision across the landscape that articulate a regional strain of republican ideology. The chapter mentions Catholic conspiracies and corrupt Protestant elites who constantly threaten the body politic in fiction that dramatize the dilemmas of political mediation in an expanding federal republic. It cites Talal Asad's critique of secularism's fictions of “direct access,” which exposes the roots of the convulsions that grip Western liberal democracies today as a crisis of mediation.
Introduction
Authors: Wood Philip
Published: September 2021

This chapter provides a background on the life and times of Dionysius of Tel-Mahre, who was was al-Maʾmun's contemporary and a client of his general ʿAbd Allah ibn Tahir. It details how ʿAbd Allah supported Dionysius to retain the patriarchate in the teeth of the complaints of rivals. It also talks about Dionysius' links with ʿAbd Allah that allowed Dionysius to act as a representative of the caliph in Egypt. The chapter details how Christian institutions were strengthened by the support they received from the caliph's government. It mentions that Christian leaders were able to gather tithes and issue legislation that is facilitated by official support in the recognition of an official patriarch and the use of coercion against recalcitrant clergy during an era when the reach of government was becoming deeper and more effective.
Tithes, Authority and Hierarchy, 740–840
Authors: Wood Philip
Published: September 2021

This chapter identifies three areas in which the infrastructure of church governance changed from 740 to 840. It includes the involvement of the caliphal government in the promotion of bishops, the ratification of patriarchal rights through official diplomas, and patriarchs' use of their ties to the caliph to protect the rights of Christians. It also demonstrates what the greater proximity between the patriarch and the caliph meant for the Jacobite hierarchy, and how the threat of Muslim populations encouraged the Jacobite leadership to act as a service elite for the caliph. The chapter describes the relatively decentralized, rural composition of the Jacobite church, which made it hard for bishops to maintain their prerogatives according to church canons. It mentions that canonists had to condemn the practice of laypeople going to individuals other than bishops for judgement.
Dionysius and al-Maʾmun
Authors: Wood Philip
Published: September 2021

This chapter investigates the political conditions of the civil war between al-Amin and al-Maʾmun, the so-called fourth fitna. It details how Al Maʾmun defeated his brother using troops from Khurasan in the east of the caliphate, noting that the war created further opportunities for easterners under the caliph's patronage. It also shows how Dionysius presented himself as a servant of the caliph and highlights the importance of his alliance to the Khurasanian general ʿAbd Allah ibn Tahir, whose influence enabled Dionysius to overcome his enemies within the church. The chapter considers Dionysius' representation of dhimma, the contract between Muslims as the conquerors and Christians as the conquered. It looks at the criticisms that Dionysius leveled against Muslim troops in Egypt, whom he accused of having transgressed Islamic norms of justice.
A Decade of Upheaval
Authors: Walder Andrew G. , Guoqiang Dong
Published: September 2021

This book chronicles the surprising and dramatic political conflicts of a rural Chinese county over the course of the Cultural Revolution. The book uncovers a previously unimagined level of strife in the countryside that began with the Red Guard Movement in 1966 and continued unabated until the death of Mao Zedong in 1976. Showing how the upheavals of the Cultural Revolution were not limited to urban areas, but reached far into isolated rural regions, the book reveals that the intervention of military forces in 1967 encouraged factional divisions in Feng County because different branches of China's armed forces took various sides in local disputes. The book also lays bare how the fortunes of local political groups were closely tethered to unpredictable shifts in the decisions of government authorities in Beijing. Eventually, a backlash against suppression and victimization grew in the early 1970s and resulted in active protests, which presaged the settling of scores against radical Maoism. A meticulous look at how one overlooked region experienced the Cultural Revolution, the book illuminates the all-encompassing nature of one of the most unstable periods in modern Chinese history.
Troubled Decade
Authors: Guoqiang Dong , Walder Andrew G.
Published: September 2021

This chapter argues that the political battles in Feng County, as in many localities in China, did not clearly pit the defenders of the status quo against those with grievances against it. It did represent the splintering and destruction of the old power structure. In Feng County, as in many rural counties, this left the People's Armed Department (PAD) as the arbiter of winners and losers among contending rebel factions. What was different in Feng County was that a separate branch of the military intervened to restrain the hand of the PAD and dispute its judgments, and it stayed involved in the county for several years thereafter. The deep-seated and long-lasting factional conflicts that resulted were distinctive, and in many ways unusual, but they were a variation on a common theme across China, where the decisions of military units became the axis around which factional conflicts revolved. Where Feng County fits in the broad spectrum of county-level politics during the Cultural Revolution is still far from clear, but its history shows how even poor and remote regions could be drawn into national political struggles, with devastating consequences.
An Empirical Evaluation of Two College English Textbooks in China Based on the China Standards English Framework
Authors: Li Xinying , Fernandez Deocampo Marilyn
Published: September 2021

It is generally known that textbook is the first and the most vital tool for teachers to proceed with successful English language teaching activities. Hence, it is indispensable for all language teachers to evaluate books critically and choose a suitable textbook. This article aimed to explore the different features of two famous college English textbooks utilized in the researcher’s school of Wenshan University, Yunnan, China, in alignment with the China Standards English framework, and whether the two books satisfied local students’ needs and proficiency. It is hoped to provide an empirical example of textbook evaluation from a Chinese context and inspire local teachers to make possible improvements during evaluating and selecting a textbook. To achieve the objective, a checklist aligned with the framework and a questionnaire was utilized for the collection of comparable data. Moreover, content analysis and percentage were used during the analysis of the two textbooks and students’ perception about the textbooks, respectively. Results of the evaluation indicated that the two books are not aligned with the China Standards English framework suggested levels. Both textbook levels tend to be lower than the framework demanded levels, namely level five and six. Students also implied that the textbooks are accessible and seem not to help their language skills improvement. The recommendation is that these textbooks need to be adapted and modified for the English educational practices to suit local students’ needs and English proficiency to achieve the China Standards English suggested levels.
Gifted High School Students’ Needs for English Learning in Vietnam Contexts
Authors: Hung Do Minh , Thi Thu Ai Nguyen
Published: September 2021

The learning needs of English students have been researched over the past decades in different countries, especially among non-speaking English ones. The core goal of these studies was to examine if learner needs/wants and learning outcomes of the English course/curriculum provided are sufficiently matched, i.e., whether or not students feel satisfied (because their needs/wants are met). Expanding this line of research, the current study attempts to find out the needs for English learning among gifted high school students in the current Vietnam context by seeking the answer to the main question: How do these students report their needs for English learning? The findings are supposed to provide useful insights into this English learning – teaching setting. One hundred and eighty English-majored students from five gifted high schools in five provinces of Vietnam participated in a questionnaire-interview survey. The obtained results show that most participants opted for English because they needed it for future employment and cross-cultural/national communications for long-term purposes. As a result, they wanted to practice more English speaking and listening skills rather than other components of English knowledge (pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary) and skills (reading, writing). Yet, their English practices in the classroom did not place much emphasis on speaking-listening skills, i.e., their needs were not very satisfactorily met. Some of the findings echo those of previous research, and some are first reported in the current study.
INTENSIVE CARE OF LIFE-THREATENING CONDITIONS IN PEDIATRIC ONCOHEMATOLOGY
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology with the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russia, Matinyan N.V. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Valiev T.T. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology with the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russia, Kirgizov K.I. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology with the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russia, Varfolomeeva S.R. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology with the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

Malignant neoplasms of the blood system in children are represented by highly aggressive variants, which at the stage of diagnosis and program chemotherapy can be complicated by the development of life-threatening conditions. Understanding the risk of possible complications allows you to effectively carry out preventive and therapeutic measures, to minimize adverse outcomes. This article presents modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of the most common life-threatening conditions in pediatric oncohematology: acute tumor lysis syndrome, typhlitis and neutropenic enterocolitis, superior vena cava syndrome, malignant airway compression syndrome, acute impairment of consciousness, spinal cord compression syndrome, thrombosis, methemoglobinemia.
THE SUCCESSFUL CASE OF THE USE OF TOCILIZUMAB IN COMBINATION WITH TOFASITINIB IN A PATIENT WITH WEBER–CHRISTIAN IDIOPATHIC PANNICULITIS, MANIFESTATIONS OF MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION SYNDROME AND DAMAGE TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Belozerov K.E. , Masalova V.V. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Kostik M.M. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia,   V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: September 2021

Weber–Christian panniculitis (WCP) (syn.: Idiopathic lobular panniculitis) is a rare and poorly understood rheumatic disease characterized by the appearance of subcutaneous nodules and recurrent attacks of fever. The lack of clear diagnostic criteria and the complexity of differential diagnosis slow down the diagnosis process. The possible involvement of other organs in the process significantly complicates the diagnosis and can become a potentially life-threatening condition. The choice of tactics for the treatment of panniculitis in children is a serious problem. The article describes a clinical observation of a 15-year-old patient with a severe drug-resistant form of WCP, complicated by macrophage activation syndrome and polyneuropathy, with the effective use of genetically engineered biological therapy with the tofasitinib – Janus kinase inhibitor and the tocilizumab – interleukin-6 blocker with ineffective corticosteroids, cyclosporceporitin, and ethanercept.
Concentración plasmática de zinc en vacas de cría de la cuenca deprimida del río Salado
Authors: Galarza Esteban Martin , Lizarraga Raúl Martín , Mattioli Guillermo Alberto , Anchordoquy Juan Mateo , Fazzio Luis Emilio
Published: September 2021

El zinc (Zn) es un micromineral esencial y su carencia puede afectar la eficiencia productiva y reproductiva del ganado. Con el objetivo de evaluar el estatus de Zn en vacas de cría de la cuenca deprimida del río Salado (centro este de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina), se realizó un estudio observacional multicén-trico en 110 rebaños en el que se recolectaron muestras de sangre (n = 1.078 vacas) y se analizaron mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. Las vacas se clasificaron según la concentración plasmática de Zn en fisiológicamente adecuadas ≥ 90 μg/dl, marginales entre 80 y 89 μg/dl y carentes <80 μg/dl. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo mediante el procedimiento MEANS del programa SAS. La media de la concentración plasmática de Zn fue de 102,8 ± 16,4 μg/dl y el 31,4 % de las vacas de cada rebaño presentó valores marginales o de carencia. Durante el invierno se registró el porcentaje más alto de vacas con concentraciones plasmáticas de Zn marginales o carentes (47,7 %), mientras que en otoño se registró el porcentaje más bajo (21,3 %). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que existen valores plasmáticos marginales y de carencia de Zn en vacas de cría de la cuenca deprimida del río Salado.
Los adultos mayores y las pensiones por vejez en Chile
Authors: Cifuentes Lillo Hugo
Published: September 2021

Como en la mayoría de las naciones, la pensión es la principal prestación (renta sustitutiva) a la que acceden los adultos mayores, situación que en Chile se encuentra puesta a prueba, al menos, respecto a su suficiencia e integralidad que, en todo caso, alcanza a más del 85% las personas con 65 o más años.Actualmente Chile cuenta con un sistema de pensiones estructurado con base en tres pilares: uno solidario básico, otro contributivo complementado con prestaciones solidarias del primer pilar para un sector mayoritario de los adultos mayores con pensiones autofinanciadas y un tercer pilar voluntario que busca “mejorar o anticipar” las pensiones contributivas de cotizaciones obligatorias con ahorro individual o colectivo/empresarial.Este sistema tiene sus orígenes en la reforma estructural llevada a cabo entre los años 1978 - 1980, con su manifestación más específica en el Decreto Ley 3.500 de 1980, complementado medularmente en 2008 con la creación del “pilar solidario”.De forma adicional a las anteriores, existen prestaciones para los adultos mayores asociadas a descanso y recreación, así también se cuentan, las prestaciones relacionadas con salud y enfermedad adicionales a las generales. A todas ellas nos referimos de forma descriptiva y sintética.Todo el estudio se desarrolla en relación con los denominados cuatro factores claves de la Seguridad Social: personas cubiertas; prestaciones aseguradas y condiciones de acceso; financiamiento de estas y, mecanismos de administración y gestión, sin dejar de referirnos al rol del Estado en la gobernanza global del sistema.
Las reformas previsionales en Uruguay de 1995 a 2021: su análisis en términos de género
Authors: Giuzio Graciela
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la incorporación del enfoque de género al sistema previsional uruguayo y su evolución. Se examinan especialmente las consecuencias para dicha perspectiva, de las reformas del modelo que se desarrollan en 1995 y 2008 respectivamente.Por último se pone en discusión si la reforma previsional en curso (2021) implica avances o retrocesos en términos de equidad de género.
Reseña de “Beneficiarios de la pensión de viudedad” (Menéndez Sebastián, P., Thomson Reuters Aranzadi, Cizur Menor, 2021)
Authors: Selma Penalva Alejandra
Published: September 2021

Es por todos conocido que la pensión de viudedad constituye una prestación de la Seguridad Social orientada claramente a proteger a la familia. Y es que quizá, el mandato constitucional proclamado en el art. 39 CE y dirigido a los poderes públicos, adopta en la pensión de viudedad una de sus manifestaciones más contundentes. Pero no solo eso. No se puede negar tampoco que, aunque ya totalmente superada su configuración histórica como derecho exclusivamente femenino, los datos estadísticos se ocupan cada año de confirmar que esta prestación no deja de ser hoy en día una prestación típicamente femenina, al ser sustancialmente mucho más numeroso el colectivo de beneficiarias mujeres que el de los varones. En concreto hoy en día las viudas constituyen en España más del 90% de las beneficiarias y los viudos, apenas representan el 10% del total. De esta forma, razones demográficas y sociológicas confluyen y convierten a la pensión de viudedad en un referente obligado a la hora de emprender el estudio del Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social con perspectiva de género. Por esta razón, aspectos tales como los requisitos de acceso a la prestación exigidos tanto al causante como al cónyuge supérstite, o las reglas que rigen la cuantificación del importe al que ascenderá la citada pensión, se convierten en piezas clave a la hora de valorar el nivel de protección social que recibe la mujer en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico y de combatir los factores que siguen provocando la brecha en salarios y pensiones que, todavía en pleno siglo XXI, sigue lastrando la igualdad efectiva entre mujeres y hombres.
Reseña de “Soluciones tecnológicas para los problemas ligados al envejecimiento: cuestiones éticas y jurídicas”(Alkorta Idiakez, I. (Directora); Atienza Macías, E. (Coordinadora), Dykinson, Madrid, 2020, 184 páginas)
Authors: Landa Reza Idoia
Published: September 2021

Este libro nace de la colaboración de diversos profesionales jurídicos y académicos que, bajo la dirección de Itziar Alkorta Idiakez, profesora titular de Derecho Civil de la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), identifican y proponen respuestas a los diversos problemas jurídicos que plantea la implementación de las nuevas tecnologías como herramienta para hacer frente al envejecimiento poblacional que se enfrenta la sociedad actual y grava los sistemas de salud europeos. Para lograr dicho fin, la obra se estructura en seis capítulos.
PARTNER ŞİDDETİ ÜZERİNE BİR DERLEME VE ERGENLİK DÖNEMİNDE PARTNER ŞİDDETİNİ ÖNLEME PROGRAMININ ÖNEMİ
Authors: PARLAK Simel , CANEL Azize
Published: September 2021

İnsanlık tarihine bakıldığında şiddetin insan yaşamının süregelen bir parçası olduğu görülmektedir. Bu olguyla yaşadığımız çağda da bireysel ve toplumsal boyutta sıklıkla yüz yüze kalınmaktadır. Şiddet olgusunun bireysel ve toplumsal dinamikleri de içeren karmaşık bir yapısı olduğu görülmekle beraber insanlık halinin kaçınılmaz bir parçası olarak kabul edilmemekte ve bunun önlenmesine dair dinsel, felsefi, yasal ve toplumsal bir çaba sarf edilmektedir. Şiddetin bir görünümü olan yakın partner şiddeti toplumsal bir sağlık sorunu olarak ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kişilerarası ilişkilerde ortaya çıkan yakın partner şiddetine açıklamaya yönelik çeşitli teorilere ve partnere yönelik şiddet uygulayan bireylerin tipolojilerine yer verilmiştir. Bu kuramsal açıklamalara dayanarak, romantik ilişkinin başlangıcı olarak ele alınabilecek olan ergenlik döneminde, yakın partner şiddeti ile mücadelede, gençlerin toplumsal normların değişmesindeki yaşamsal önemi de dikkate alınarak, ergenlik döneminde partner şiddetini önlemeye yönelik programlara yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca ülkemizde ergenlere yönelik partner şiddetini önleme programı oluşturmanın gerekliliği üzerine tartışılmıştır.
ÖDÜLLERE İLİŞKİN ANNE BABA TUTUMLARI ÖLÇEĞİ: ÖLÇEK UYARLAMA ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: DİKİCİ Hidayet , ÖZDEMİR Selda
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı Fabes, Fultz, Eisenberg, Plumlee ve Christopher (1989) tarafından geliştirilen Ödül Kullanımına İlişkin Anne Baba Tutum ve Davranışları (Parental Attitues About Rewards Scale) Ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlaması ve geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışmasının yapılmasıdır. Ölçek Niğde İli Merkez İlçeye bağlı 3 ilköğretim okuluna çocuğu devam eden 254 anne ve 98 baba olmak üzere toplam 352 aileye uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin geçerlik çalışması kapsamında yapı geçerliğine bakılmış ve yapı geçerliğine ilişkin kanıtları ortaya koymak amacıyla Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) gerçekleştirilmiş, AFA sonucunda ölçeğin üç boyutlu yapıda olduğu belirlenmiştir. AFA sonucunda elde edilen yapınının uygunluğunu test etmek amacıyla Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirliğine ilişkin kanıtlar sunmak amacıyla madde-toplam korelasyonu ile iç tutarlılık bilgisini veren Cronbach Alfa korelasyon katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. DFA sonucunda (χ2/sd = 2.62, AGFI = 0.91, GFI =0.94, RMSEA= 0.062, NFI =0.92, NNFI, CFI ve IFI = 0.95) çoklu uyum indeksleri incelendiğinde, analiz sonucu elde edilen değerlerin kabul edilebilir ölçütlerin içerisinde olduğu gözlenmiştir. Uyarlanan ölçeğin Cronbach Alfa iç tutarlılık 0.76 bulunmuştur. Araştırma bulguları tartışılmış, ileri araştırmalara yönelik önerilere yer verilmiştir.
Effects of topical treatment of foot rot in sheep using ozonated olive ointment
Authors: Szponder Tomasz , Zdziennicka Joanna , Nowakiewicz Aneta , Świeca Michał , Sobczyńska-Rak Aleksandra , Żylińska Beata , Patkowski Krzysztof , Junkuszew Andrzej , Wessely-Szponder Joanna
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Foot rot in small ruminants is highly contagious, causes severe lameness, and impairs fertility and wool and meat production. It is usually treated with parenteral antibiotics, with attendant antibiotic resistance risk, and with bactericidal footbaths, potentially harmful to humans and the environment. An alternative treatment in sheep is proposed based on repeated topical ozonated ointment application. Its effectiveness and safety were evaluated by estimation of acute-phase response, biochemical indicators of organic damage, and antioxidant/oxidant balance (AOB).

Material and Methods

The study was conducted on ten sheep with Egerton scale 2–3 lesions. Ozone application was repeated every day for seven days. Blood was drawn first (T0) after foot cleaning and before ozonation, then (T1) seven days after the first ozone application, and finally (T2) four days after the last application.

Results

High clinical effectiveness was observed, with total recovery by 28 days from the start of treatment. A significant increase in antiradical activity was noted on the basis of a 2,2ʹ-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay from 1.16 ± 0.04 μmolTe/mL at T0 to 1.23 ± 0.03 μmolTe/mL at T1, with a slight decrease in oxidative stress. Calculated on the basis of antiradical capacity, AOB was higher at T1 (130 ± 19%) and decreased to 110 ± 16% at T2. Calculated on the basis of reducing power, it was 169 ± 22% at T1 and 131 ± 17% at T2.

Conclusion

These results indicated that the AOB is efficient enough to prevent oxidative organ injury and the applied doses of ozone are safe for animals.
Populist Parties in Germany, France, and the UK: Growing Support for a Radical Rejection of Globalization?
Authors: Brandt Linda
Published: September 2021

A mere look at electoral results on both the national and European level of many European countries shows that populist and right-wing parties’ support has been growing extensively. The French Front National (FN), which has made significant strides since Marine Le Pen took over the party’s leadership, is often seen as on the forefront of this movement, and is deemed to be a core part of the contemporary European extreme right. Although their individual agendas and rhetoric differ from that of the FN, the UK Independence Party (UKIP) and the German Alternative für Deutschland (Alternative for Germany, AfD) are often placed in the same party family. Disregarding this hotly debated terminology, however, this paper seeks to identify specific differences and overlaps among the three parties. Examining specific agenda points, most prominently their anti-immigration rhetoric and stance toward the EU, the party programs are used as a starting point to assess to what extent the three parties can justifiably be classified as part of an anti-globalization movement. Prior to examining the parties’ positions concerning specific issues, an influx in immigration, increased integration into the European Union, resulting in a transfer of some national powers to the supranational level, as well as growing xenophobia, Islamophobia, and anti-Americanism have sometimes been identified as consequences of globalization; negative attitudes toward this development, increased nationalism, and policy proposals designed to halt these effects were deemed as highly indicative of a radical rejection of globalization. Following a comparative analysis of the three parties’ positions, the discussion shows that the French “Front National” fulfills the given criteria to a much greater extent than the other two, and its ethnic-based, Francocentric rhetoric is much more extreme than that of its counterparts. Nevertheless, a future radicalization in the UK and Germany is conceivable, particularly since Islamophobia is especially pronounced in the three countries under investigation, and as refugee crises in the Mediterranean Sea are leading to an increased foreign presence in said countries, perhaps sparking similar ethnic intolerance as is propagated by the FN.
Online Measuring Of Grain Flowrates and Its Measurement Sensitivities with Pitch and Roll Angles
Authors: Putri Reni Eka , Yahya Azmi , Adam Nor Maria , Aziz Samsuzana Abd
Published: September 2021

A complete calibration test stand was constructed and instrumented to examine the effect of varying pitch and roll positions on the measurement errors of a microwave solid type flow sensor. Results indicated that measurement errors ranging from 2.50% to 6.82% and 1.80% to 8.86% were obtained by the changing of chute pitch (descending and ascending) and roll angle positions from 1.5° to 4.5°, respectively. Greater measurement errors were found at the low screw auger conveyor speed range. However, the magnitude of errors is within the acceptable margin for any typical wet paddy land topography.
Studies of COVID-19 Outbreak Control Using Agent-Based Modeling
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Iowa, Xiao Shaoping , Liu Ruicheng ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Iowa
Published: September 2021

An agent-based model was developed to study outbreaks and outbreak control for COVID-19, mainly in urban communities. Rules for people’s interactions and virus infectiousness were derived based on previous sociology studies and recently published data-driven analyses of COVID-19 epidemics. The calculated basic reproduction number of epidemics from the developed model coincided with reported values. There were three control measures considered in this paper: social distancing, self-quarantine and community quarantine. Each control measure was assessed individually at first. Later on, an artificial neural network was used to study the effects of different combinations of control measures. To help quantify the impacts of self-quarantine and community quarantine on outbreak control, both were scaled respectively. The results showed that self-quarantine was more effective than the others, but any individual control measure was ineffective in controlling outbreaks in urban communities. The results also showed that a high level of self-quarantine and general community quarantine, assisted with social distancing, would be recommended for outbreak control.