bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of intelligent‐oriented electronic communication power monitoring system
Authors: Song Yong , Wang Ningning
Published: January 2024

In order to improve the monitoring effect of electronic communication power supply, this paper applies the intelligent communication signal processing method to the monitoring system, and deeply analyzes the basic principle of OTA. Moreover, from the perspective of improving linearity, a signal attenuation OTA is designed in this paper, and its linearity has been greatly improved. In addition, this paper designs a cross‐coupled POTA that can not only ensure high linearity but also achieve tunable translinearity. The tunable POTA circuit has simple structure, wide linear input range, tunable translinearity and easy implementation, and can meet its performance requirements in FPAA arrays. Through data analysis, it can be seen that the intelligent‐oriented electronic communication power monitoring system proposed in this paper has a good data monitoring effect. This study provides an effective approach for the development of electronic communication power monitoring technology, improves the signal processing efficiency of electronic communication power monitoring, and also provides some reference for the improvement of signal strength in electronic communication technology.
Recent Progress of Exhaled Gas‐Based Diagnosis Based on Field Effect Transistor Sensors
Authors: Lu Guojia , Ji Tao , He Shuqing , Ai Fujin , Yan Li , Hu Junqing
Published: January 2024

Exhaled breath‐based disease diagnosis is an ancient technique, and the application of this technique is rapidly developing for disease quick testing, such as viral infection, asthma, chronic kidney disease, and so on. Among the diagnostic tools, an exhaled breath‐based test has demonstrated the merits of being non‐invasive, convenient, quick, and comfortable. In this review, the exhaled breath diagnosis via the gaseous part of the breath is the major focus. First, the summary of state‐of‐art studies based on exhaled gas detection is described. Second, typical disease‐related exhaled gas and their measurements are described. Finally, the various structure of field effect transistor (FET)‐type sensors for gas‐based disease detection is discussed in detail. This review may inspire new research ideas and directions for applying FET‐type sensors to quick disease detection via the gaseous route.
Dual‐Protective Role of PM475: Bolstering Anode and Cathode Stability in Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Xie Yuxiang , Huang Yixin , Chen Hui , Lin Wanru , Wu Tairui , Wang Yongqi , Liu Shishi , Sun Miaolan , Huang Huayu , Dai Peng , Ding Yu , Wu Deyin , Ouyang Chuying , Hong Yuhao , Li Xue , Liu Chengyong , Liao Shangju , Huang Ling , Sun Shigang
Published: January 2024

The increasing demand for high‐energy storage solutions has brought attention to the limitations of commercial Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). While Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) hold promise as an alternative, their practical use is hindered by interface instability in both the lithium anode and Ni‐rich layered cathode during cycling. In this study, a cost‐effective is introduced, bifunctional film‐forming additive: polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PM475). PM475, a long‐chain organic molecule rich in oxygen‐containing functional groups, can create a flexible and stable protective interface on both the lithium metal anode and Ni‐rich Li[NixCoyMn1−x−y]O2 (NCM) cathode. This PM475 enhances the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) components on the lithium anode, effectively suppressing the growth of lithium dendrites. Furthermore, it establishes a uniform interface layer on the Ni‐rich NCM cathode, significantly improving battery cycle life. Consequently, the Li||Li symmetric cell can endure 400 h of cycling at 2 mA cm−2, and the Li||NCM811 full cell exhibits an impressive capacity retention increase from 44.3% to 88.4% after 250 cycles at 1 C under a high cathode load of 20 mg cm−2. This research highlights PM475 as a highly effective additive for enhancing LMB performance, offering a promising avenue for future high‐energy‐density storage systems.
Significant Enhancement in Dielectric Properties of Polyimide Alloys Through a Two‐Phase Interlocking Structure
Authors: Liu Man , Song Jinhui , Qin Hongmei , Qin Shiyu , Zhang Yibo , Xia Wenlai , Xiong Chuanxi , Liu Feihua
Published: January 2024

High temperature dielectric polymers are the favored materials for energy storage devices under harsh‐environment, e.g., electronic devices and power systems. It is widely acknowledged that the energy storage capabilities of dielectric polymers are markedly deteriorated at elevated temperature because of the exponential increased leakage current. Herein, all‐organic dielectric polymer alloys with two‐phase continuous hard‐soft structure have been firstly investigated via blending high glass transition temperature (Tg) fluorinated polyimide (FPI) and high bandgap aliphatic polyimide (API). The large energy band difference between FPI and API is conducive to trap energy and greatly inhibits conduction loss. In addition, the hard and soft molecular chains with two‐phase interlocking structures are more closely arranged, bringing torturous pathways for charge carriers and reducing free volume, which enhances the breakdown strength. FPI/API alloy with high Tg (296 °C) and concurrent large bandgap delivers an ultrahigh discharge energy density of 6.6 J cm−3 at 150 °C and 3.02 J cm−3 at 200 °C with 90% discharge efficiency, significantly surpassing those reported dielectrics. Moreover, the FPI/API alloy exhibits remarkable cyclability and dielectric stability up to 10000 charge‐discharge cycles even at elevated temperatures. This work provides an unprecedented opportunity on structure design of dielectric polymers to achieve high‐temperature energy storage capacitors.
Tuning Morphology and Electronic Structure of Cobalt Metaphosphate Via Vanadium‐Doping for Efficient Water and Urea Splitting
Authors: Chang Xi‐Wen , Li Shuang , Wang Le , Dai Lu , Wu Ya‐Pan , Wu Xue‐Qian , Tian Yuhui , Zhang Shanqing , Li Dong‐Sheng
Published: January 2024

Designing efficient multifunctional electrocatalysts for water and urea splitting to produce green hydrogen presents a significant yet worthwhile challenge. Herein, the morphology and electronic structure of cobalt metaphosphate (Co2P4O12) by vanadium (V) doping, resulting in improved electrocatalytic activity and stability for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and urea oxidation reaction (UOR) are simultaneously regulated. Theory calculations show that V‐doped Co2P4O12 (V‐Co2P4O12) can boost the kinetics of catalytic reactions by optimizing the d‐band center of Co atoms and the binding strength of intermediates, as well as enhancing the density of states. Moreover, the doping of V into Co2P4O12 crystalline structure benefits the formation of a thicker amorphous layer during the catalytic process, which could enhance its alkaline corrosion resistance and stability. Additionally, the multilevel nanostructures of V‐Co2P4O12 provide rich active sites for catalytic reactions. As a result, a two‐electrode electrolyzer assembled by V‐doped Co2P4O12 delivers low voltages for overall water and urea splitting. The superior performance suggests that the proposed V‐doping strategy is a promising way to regulate electrocatalytic activity for catering to green electrocatalytic applications.
Enhancing Photosynthesis Efficiency of Hydrogen Peroxide by Modulating Side Chains to Facilitate Water Oxidation at Low‐Energy Barrier Sites
Authors: Yan Huijie , Peng Yuan , Huang Yuyan , Shen Minhui , Wei Xiaoqian , Zou Weixin , Tong Qing , Zhou Ningbo , Xu Jianqiao , Zhang Yuxia , Ye Yu‐Xin , Ouyang Gangfeng
Published: January 2024

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a crucial oxidant in advanced oxidation processes. In situ, photosynthesis of it in natural water holds the promise of practical application for water remediation. However, current photosynthesis of H2O2 systems primarily relies on oxygen reduction, leading to limited performance in natural water with low dissolved oxygen or anaerobic conditions found in polluted water. Herein, a novel photocatalyst based on conjugated polymers with alternating electron donor–acceptor structures and electron‐withdrawing side chains on electron donors is introduced. Specifically, carbazole functions as the electron donor, triazine serves as the electron acceptor, and cyano acts as the electron‐withdrawing side chain. Notably, the photocatalyst exhibits a remarkable solar‐to‐chemical conversion of 0.64%, the highest reported in natural water. Furthermore, even in anaerobic conditions, it achieves an impressive H2O2 photosynthetic efficiency of 1365 µmol g−1 h−1, surpassing all the reported photosynthetic systems of H2O2. This remarkable improvement is attributed to the effective relocation of the water oxidation active site from a high‐energy carbazole to a low‐energy acetylene site mediated by the side chains, resulting in enhanced O2 or H2O2 generation from water. This breakthrough offers a new avenue for efficient water remediation using advanced oxidation technologies in oxygen‐limited environments, holding significant implications for environmental restoration.
Impact of Electrostatic Interaction on Vertical Morphology and Energy Loss in Efficient Pseudo‐Planar Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Lai Shiting , Cui Yongjie , Chen Zeng , Xia Xinxin , Zhu Peipei , Shan Shiyu , Hu Lin , Lu Xinhui , Zhu Haiming , Liao Xunfan , Chen Yiwang
Published: January 2024

Although a suitable vertical phase separation (VPS) morphology is essential for improving charge transport efficiency, reducing charge recombination, and ultimately boosting the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs), there is a lack of theoretical guidance on how to achieve the ideal morphology. Herein, a relationship between the molecular structure and the VPS morphology of pseudo‐planar heterojunction (PPHJ) OSCs is established by using molecular surface electrostatic potential (ESP) as a bridge. The morphological evolution mechanism is revealed by studying four binary systems with vary electrostatic potential difference (∆ESP) between donors (Ds) and acceptors (As). The findings manifest that as ∆ESP increases, the active layer is more likely to form a well‐mixed phase, while a smaller ∆ESP favors VPS morphology. Interestingly, it is also observed that a larger ∆ESP leads to enhanced miscibility between Ds and As, resulting in higher non‐radiative energy losses (ΔE3). Based on these discoveries, a ternary PPHJ device is meticulously designed with an appropriate ∆ESP to obtain better VPS morphology and lower ΔE3, and an impressive efficiency of 19.09% is achieved. This work demonstrates that by optimizing the ΔESP, not only the formation of VPS morphology can be controlled, but also energy losses can be reduced, paving the way to further boost OSC performance.
Crystal Phase Engineering of Ultrathin Alloy Nanostructures for Highly Efficient Electroreduction of Nitrate to Ammonia
Authors: Wang Yunhao , Hao Fengkun , Sun Mingzi , Liu Meng‐Ting , Zhou Jingwen , Xiong Yuecheng , Ye Chenliang , Wang Xixi , Liu Fu , Wang Juan , Lu Pengyi , Ma Yangbo , Yin Jinwen , Chen Hsiao‐Chien , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Chen Hao Ming , Huang Bolong , Fan Zhanxi
Published: January 2024

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) toward ammonia synthesis is recognized as a sustainable strategy to balance the global nitrogen cycle. However, it still remains a great challenge to achieve highly efficient ammonia production due to the complex proton‐coupled electron transfer process in NO3RR. Here, the controlled synthesis of RuMo alloy nanoflowers (NFs) with unconventional face‐centered cubic (fcc) phase and hexagonal close‐packed/fcc heterophase for highly efficient NO3RR is reported. Significantly, fcc RuMo NFs demonstrate high Faradaic efficiency of 95.2% and a large yield rate of 32.7 mg h−1 mgcat−1 toward ammonia production at 0 and −0.1 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode), respectively. In situ characterizations and theoretical calculations have unraveled that fcc RuMo NFs possess the highest d‐band center with superior electroactivity, which originates from the strong Ru─Mo interactions and the high intrinsic activity of the unconventional fcc phase. The optimal electronic structures of fcc RuMo NFs supply strong adsorption of key intermediates with suppression of the competitive hydrogen evolution, which further determines the remarkable NO3RR performance. The successful demonstration of high‐performance zinc‐nitrate batteries with fcc RuMo NFs suggests their substantial application potential in electrochemical energy supply systems.
Indium Doped Gan Porous Micro‐Rods Enhanced CO2 Reduction Driving By Solar Light
Authors: Zhang Mingxiang , Lan Yangchun , Lin Yuanjing , Wang Fei
Published: January 2024

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction plays an important role in solar energy storage and carbon balance. GaN as an III‐V semiconductor material has received extensive attention in the field of photocatalysis. In this study, the porous indium‐doped GaN (In/GaN) micro‐rods are synthesized successfully by a facile hydrothermal method and subsequent controlled atmosphere heat treatment. Photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of In/GaN is higher than that of pure GaN due to the In doping improves the light absorption efficiency. The primary products are CO and CH4. Among the samples, 3%‐In/GaN exhibits the highest catalytic activity as well as stability and reusability. The yield rates of CO and CH4 can be reached 50.2 and 14.6 µmol · g−1 · h−1, respectively. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the bandgap is narrowed and the adsorption energy of CO2 molecules is improved by In doping. Moreover, the N‐vacancy detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) increases with the In doping, resulting in an increase in the number of unpaired electrons, which is conducive to carrier transport. This work provides a new study In/GaN prepared by simple method for the light‐driven photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to high‐value‐added products.
An Electrochromic Displays Comprising The Three Primary Cyan Magenta and Yellow Colors Under Juxtaposed and Stacked Architectures
Authors: Ernest Clément , Fagour Sébastien , Sallenave Xavier , Aubert Pierre‐Henri , Vidal Frédéric
Published: January 2024

Color reproduction through subtractive synthesis is achieved by combining the three primary colors cyan, magenta, and yellow (CMY). Three CMY electroactive polymers are selected, synthesized, and first, integrated into monochromatic electrochromic devices (pixels) similar to electrochemical cells. In order to develop innovative trichromatic devices, new pixel architectures are proposed and compared. In particular, the stacking of the three monochromatic CMY electrochromic devices in a single system is declined in the form of three different electrochemical cells, which differ in the nature and positioning of the counter‐electrode. Overall performances are finally evaluated in terms of range and ease of assembly. The architecture with common counter‐electrode is clearly the one that offers the best potential for the development of electrochromic devices to reproduce a wide range of colors.
Amine‐Free Multi‐Faceted CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals for Complete Suppression of Long‐Lived Dark States
Authors: Praneeth N. V. S. , Akhil Syed , Mukherjee Amitrajit , Seth Sudipta , Khatua Saumyakanti , Mishra Nimai
Published: January 2024

Conventional amine‐capped perovskite nanocrystals (A‐PNCs) often show microscopic fluctuation (blinking) of photoluminescence (PL) between bright and near‐background (dark) states. The transient dark phases spanning milliseconds (ms) to several seconds timescale typically owe to the non‐radiative (NR) fate of charge carriers in crystal defect states, limiting the PNC's efficiency in optoelectronics. A PL study of a novel trioctylphosphine (TOP) capped rhombic cuboctahedron‐shaped amine‐free (AF) PNC is presented, demonstrating their fascinating nonblinking nature. While oleylamine‐capped hexahedron A‐PNCs as a reference system show long dark states, their population is completely suppressed in ≈90% of AF‐PNCs with random large‐amplitude PL fluctuations several times above the background. The PL trajectories of AF‐PNCs primarily comprise constant power spectral densities (PSDs) which are unprecedented and deviate from power‐law distribution as observed for A‐PNCs and most of the other blinking nanocrystals. Such signature of PSDs and frame‐by‐frame intensity jump analysis indicate a fast (<<ms) timescale charge‐carrier dynamics governing the PL emission of AF‐PNCs, likely involving short‐lived metastable states. Besides, long‐term stability and suppressed dark phases in ≈70% AF‐PNCs even 90 days after the synthesis is noteworthy. Altogether the study provides exceptional optical characteristics of photostable amine‐free PNCs which would be attractive to exploit in commercial display applications.
Visible‐light Catalysed Trifluoromethylthiolation and Related Dearomative Spirocyclizations
Authors: Roy Barnali , Kuila Puspendu , Sarkar Debayan
Published: January 2024

We conceptualized a radical cyclization approach for the synthesis of SCF3, SAr, SO2Ar and COAr featured spirocyclic [4.5] and [5.5] trienone between biaryls and ArSO2H or ArCOCO2H in presence of RFTA as a photocatalyst whereas the insertion of ArSSAr or AgSCF3 devoid of photocatalyst via an energetically demanding dearomative transformation under visible‐light catalysis. The photo‐excited charge transfer complex with biaryl tethered ynones provides a way to promote S‐centered radical generation followed by its insertion to enable a wide range of biologically important molecules.
Gradient‐Structured and Robust Solid Electrolyte Interphase In Situ Formed by Hydrated Eutectic Electrolytes for High‐Performance Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Guanyao , Fu Hao , Lu Jun , Huang Shengyang , Pei Chengang , Min Donghyun , Zhang Qiang , Park Ho Seok
Published: January 2024

The mechanically and electrochemically stable and ionically conducting solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is important for the stabilization of metal anodes. Since SEIs are originally absent in aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs), it is very challenging to suppress water‐induced side reactions and dendrite growth of Zn metal anodes (ZMAs). Herein, a gradient‐structured and robust solid gradient SEI, consisting of B,O‐inner and F,O‐exterior layer, in situ formed by hydrated eutectic electrolyte for the homogeneous and reversible Zn deposition, is demonstrated. Moreover, the molar ratio of acetamide to Zn salt is modulated to prohibit the water activity and the hydrolysis of BF4− as well as to achieve high ionic conductivity owing to the regulation of the solvation sheath of Zn2+. Consequently, the eutectic electrolyte allows Zn||Zn symmetric cells to achieve a cycling lifespan of over 4400 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 as well as Zn||PANI full cells to deliver a high capacity retention of 73.2% over 4000 cycles at 1 A g−1 and to demonstrate the stable operation at low temperatures. This work provides the rational design for the hydrated eutectic electrolyte and the corresponding gradient SEIs for dendrite‐free and stable Zn anodes even under harsh conditions.
Challenges and Solutions of Solid‐State Electrolyte Film for Large‐Scale Applications
Authors: Huang Xiaozhong , Li Tao , Fan Weiwei , Xiao Rui , Cheng Xin‐Bing
Published: January 2024

Solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries are widely accepted as the promising next‐generation energy storage technology due to higher energy density and improved safety compared to conventional lithium‐ion batteries with liquid electrolytes. Large‐area solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) films with adequate thickness control, improved ionic conductivity, and good interfacial contact can reduce internal resistance, increase the real energy density of batteries, and reduce manufacturing costs. Optimization of SSE properties at the particle scale and large‐scale preparation of SSE films are key to the development of high‐performance solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries and their industrialization. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of SSE, covering both particle‐level features like the effects of particle size, density, and air stability on the electrochemical performance, as well as four major routes for large‐scale preparation and relevant strategies for structural optimization of SSE films. In addition, the effects of large‐area SSE films on the electrochemical performance of solid‐state batteries and their applications in pouch solid‐state lithium‐ion battery systems are discussed in detail. Finally, the design principles of SSE particles and SSE films are summarized and the development direction of thin SSEs is envisaged.
Free‐standing Stanene for High Selectivity of Formate in Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction Reaction
Authors: Mei Xuanhao , Liu Cong , Zhang Dezheng , Cao Jing , Ge Rile , Wang Junhu , Xu Weilin
Published: January 2024

As well‐known electrocatalysts with good catalytic efficiency for carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) towards the production of formate, tin (Sn)‐based catalysts have aroused broad concern. Here, free‐standing porous stanene is synthesized for the first time by a facile wet chemical method, and its excellent electrocatalytic performance for formate (HCOO−) formation in CO2RR is demonstrated. High Faradaic efficiency (F.E., 93% at −930 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) can be achieved in the CO2RR catalyzed by stanene in 0.5 m KHCO3 aqueous solution. The in situ Mössbauer spectra reveal that zero‐valent Sn aids in improving the selectivity of formate production. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations suggest that the high selectivity of HCOO− of CO2RR on stanene mainly originates from the edge sites on Sn (100). To further explore the practicability of the stanene‐based catalysts for CO2RR, stanene decorated by 3 wt% BP‐2000 is prepared, showing an excellent F.E. of 98% at −930 mV versus RHE due to the higher exposure of catalytic active sites. These new findings of the activity origination and reaction mechanism of stanene contribute to the deeper understanding of Sn‐based catalysts for CO2RR, which is beneficial for the future designation of highly efficient CO2RR catalysts.
Energy Harvesting from Water Flow by Using Piezoelectric Materials
Authors: Li Zihe , Roscow James , Khanbareh Hamideh , Haswell Geoff , Bowen Chris
Published: January 2024

As a promising energy‐harvesting technique, an increasing number of researchers seek to exploit the piezoelectric effect to power electronic devices by harvesting the energy associated with water flow. In this emerging field, a variety of research themes attract interest for investigation; these include selection of the excitation mechanism, oscillation structure, piezoelectric material, power management interface circuit, and application. Since there has been no comprehensive review to date with respect to the harvesting of water flow using piezoelectric materials, herein relevant work in the last 25 years is reviewed. To ensure that key aspects of the water‐flow energy harvester are overviewed, they are discussed in the context of energy‐flow theory, which includes the three stages of energy extraction, energy conversion, and energy transfer. The development of each energy‐flow process is reviewed in detail and combined with meta‐analysis of the published literature. Correlations between the harvesting processes and their contribution to the overall energy‐harvesting performance are illustrated, and directions for future research are also proposed. In this review, a comprehensive understanding of water‐flow piezoelectric energy harvesting is provided and it is aimed to guide future research and the development of piezoelectric harvesters for water‐flow‐powered devices is promoted.
Possible poor prognosis in younger‐onset Crohn's disease‐associated anorectal cancer: A subanalysis of the Nationwide Japanese study
Authors: Okita Yoshiki , Toiyama Yuji , Ikeuchi Hiroki , Uchino Motoi , Futami Kitaro , Okamoto Kinya , Noguchi Tatsuki , Sugihara Kenichi , Ishihara Soichiro , Ajioka Yoichi ,   from the Study Group for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Associated Intestinal Cancers by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum
Published: January 2024

Background and aims

Crohn's disease (CD)‐associated intestinal cancers are characterized by their high incidence, particularly at the anorectal site in the Japanese population. Accumulating evidence revealed that younger‐onset sporadic colorectal cancer may exhibit unique biological features. To the best of our knowledge, few previous articles reported clinicopathological features in patients with CD‐associated anorectal cancer (CDAAC). Therefore, we aimed to clarify the relationship between the younger onset of cancer and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis, and the efficacy of cancer surveillance in patients with CDAAC.

Methods

CD patients who had been diagnosed with intestinal cancers from 1983 to 2020 were collected from 39 Japanese institutions in this study. Of 316 patients with CD‐associated intestinal cancers, we analyzed 211 patients with CDAAC. We divided the patients into two groups according to the median age at cancer diagnosis (45 years old).

Results

Younger‐onset CDAAC (YO‐CDAAC) patients were significantly more likely to have a poor outcome than those with older‐onset CDAAC (OO‐CDAAC) in terms of both disease‐free survival (DFS) (p = 0.0014) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.023). Multivariate analysis showed that age under 45 years old at diagnosis of cancer was one of the independent factors for poor DFS and OS (hazard ratios: 2.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.09–4.26, p = 0.028, hazard ratios: 1.95, 95% confidence interval: 1.05–3.60, p = 0.033, respectively). Patients detected via surveillance showed significantly better DFS and OS rates than symptomatic patients in YO‐CDAAC (p = 0.012 and 0.0031, respectively).

Conclusions

YO‐CDAAC may have a poorer prognosis compared with OO‐CDAAC. Surveillance could be important to improve cancer prognosis, especially in young CD patients with anorectal disease.
Decreasing alloimmunization‐specific mortality in sickle cell disease in the United States: Cost‐effectiveness of a shared transfusion resource
Authors: Ito Satoko , Pandya Ankur , Hauser Ronald G. , Krishnamurti Lakshmanan , Stites Edward , Tormey Chris , Krumholz Harlan M. , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Goshua George
Published: January 2024

Red blood cell alloimmunization and consequent delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) incidence and mortality in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are high. A shared transfusion resource has decreased both in other countries, while in the United States cost concerns persist. We conducted a Markov cohort simulation of a birth cohort of alloimmunized patients with SCD to estimate lifetime DHTR incidence, DHTR‐specific mortality, quality‐adjusted life expectancy (QALE), and costs with the implementation of a shared transfusion resource to identify antibody history versus without (i.e., status quo). We conducted our analysis using a lifetime analytic time horizon and from a United States health system perspective. Implementation of shared transfusion resource projects to decrease cumulative DHTR‐specific mortality by 26% for alloimmunized patients with SCD in the United States, relative to the status quo. For an average patient population of 32 000, this intervention would generate a discounted increment of 4000 QALYs at an incremental discounted cost of $0.3 billion, resulting in an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of $75 600/QALY [95% credible interval $70 200–81 400/QALY]. The results are most sensitive to the baseline lifetime medical expenditure of patients with SCD. Alloantibody data exchange is cost‐effective in 100% of 10 000 Monte Carlo simulations. The resource would theoretically need a minimum patient population of 1819 patients or cost no more than $5.29 million annually to be cost‐effective. By reducing DHTR‐specific mortality, a shared transfusion resource in the United States projects to be a life‐saving and cost‐effective intervention for patients with SCD in the United States.
Syntheses of Thiophenes – Recent Advances
Authors: Peng Xue , Yin Gaofeng , Wu Kun , Wu Genping , Chen Jinjin , Wang Zhen
Published: January 2024

Thiophene, as an important sulfur‐containing heterocyclic, is widely used in pharmaceuticals, functional materials, and natural products. Furthermore, thiophene is of great interest to synthetic chemists due to its diverse reactivities. Over the past few decades, many synthetic strategies are developed for functionalized thiophenes. Several reviews have been reported. However, there is no review on thiophene synthesis summarized based on the sulfur sources. The current review envisioned to summary the synthesis methods for thiophene with the respect of sulfur sources and give support for choose the appropriate tools to obtain thiophene substrates.
Integrated Anionic Zirconium‐Organic Cage and Cationic Boron‐Imidazolate Cage for Synergetic Optical Limiting
Authors: Li Yi‐Fei , He Yan‐Ping , Li Qiao‐Hong , Zhang Jian
Published: January 2024

Making oppositely charged metal‐organic cages (MOCs) into a tightly ordered structure may bring interesting functions. Herein, we report a novel structure composed of anionic (Zr4L6)8−(L=embonate) tetrahedral cages and in situ‐formed cationic [Zn4(Bim)4]4+(Bim=[BH(im)3]−; im=imidazole) cubic cages. Chiral transfer is observed from enantiopure (Zr4L6)8−cage to enantiopure [Zn4(Bim)4]4+cage. A pair of enantiomers (PTC‐373(Δ) and PTC‐373(Λ)) are formed. PTC‐373 exhibits high chemical and thermal stabilities, affording an interesting single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation. More importantly, the combination of ionic pair cages significantly enhances its third‐order nonlinear optical property, and its thin‐film exhibits an excellent optical limiting effect.
Dual Stimuli‐Responsive [2]Rotaxanes with Tunable Vibration‐Induced Emission and Switchable Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Xu Wei‐Tao , Li Xue , Wu Peicong , Li Wei‐Jian , Wang Yu , Xu Xiao‐Qin , Wang Xu‐Qing , Chen Jinquan , Yang Hai‐Bo , Wang Wei
Published: January 2024

Aiming at the construction of novel stimuli‐responsive fluorescent system with precisely tunable emissions, the typical 9,14‐diphenyl‐9,14‐dihydrodibenzo[a, c]phenazine (DPAC) luminogen with attractive vibration‐induced emission (VIE) behavior has been introduced into [2]rotaxane as a stopper. Taking advantage of their unique dual stimuli‐responsiveness towards solvent and anion, the resultant [2]rotaxanes reveal both tunable VIE and switchable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Attributed to the formation of mechanical bonds, DPAC‐functionalized [2]rotaxanes display interesting VIE behaviors including white‐light emission upon the addition of viscous solvent, as evaluated in detail by femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectra. In addition, ascribed to the regulation of chirality information transmission through anion‐induced motions of chiral wheel, the resolved chiral [2]rotaxanes reveal unique switchable CPL upon the addition of anion, leading to significant increase in the dissymmetry factors (glum) values with excellent reversibility. Interestingly, upon doping the chiral [2]rotaxanes in stretchable polymer, the blend films reveal remarkable emission change from white light to light blue with significant 6.5‐fold increase in glum values up to −0.035 under external tensile stresses. This work provides not only a new design strategy for developing molecular systems with fluorescent tunability but also a novel platform for the construction of smart chiral luminescent materials for practical use.
A novel lanthanide metal‐organic frameworks as a luminescent sensor for efficient detection of riboflavin
Authors: Luo Qiongli , Yang Songli , Li Kaisu , Zhou Zixuan , Wang Lei , Wu Shuangyan , Lin Lin , Zhang Ying , Zhu Mingchang
Published: January 2024

Rational design of highly sensitive and rapid fluorescent probes is a major concern of analytical methods. Here, we synthesized two Ln‐PFTA with different metal nodes (Dy, Sm) by simple hydrothermal self‐assembly using 3‐fluorobiphenyl‐3′,4,5′‐tricarboxylic acid (H2PFTA) as ligand. As a ratio sensor for detecting riboflavin (RF), it has self‐calibration effect, ultra‐low detection limit (0.225 nM), excellent durability, and high selectivity. In order to add practicality, even in actual samples (fetal bovine serum, tablets, and milk), the recovery rate is as high as 92%–104%, which is considered to be an excellent luminescent sensor for detecting RF. According to the survey, there are few studies on the detection of RF by fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition, there is fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the processes of Ln‐PFTA detecting RF, and the peak intensity change of Ln‐PFTA is attributed to its modulated luminescence characteristics. At the same time, it also shows the best FRET efficiency for detecting RF.
Diastereoselective synthesis of cis‐1,2‐limonene oxide using dimeric Salen‐Mn (III) complexes as reusable catalysts
Authors: Cubillos Jairo Antonio , Rubio Juan Alejandro , Murcia Julie Joseane , Castillo Juan‐Carlos , Portilla Jaime , Rojas Hugo Alfonso
Published: January 2024

Diastereoselective epoxidation of R‐(+)‐limonene using achiral and racemic dimeric Salen‐Mn (III) complexes as catalysts ((1a) and (1b)) and in situ generated dimethyldioxirane (DMDO) as an oxidizing agent was explored. The best reaction parameters were: (i) KHSO5/R‐(+)‐limonene molar ratio = 0.25; (ii) R‐(+)‐limonene, catalyst molar ratio = 20, (iii) absence of nitrogenous bases (axial ligands), (iv) ambient temperature (20°C), (v) racemic dimeric catalyst, and (vi) low amount of acetone (4 mL). Under these reaction conditions isolated yield to 1,2‐(+)‐limonene oxide and diastereomeric excess (d.e), and diastereomeric yield excess (d.y.e) to major diastereomer (cis‐epoxide) was 96%, 77%, and 72%, respectively. Moreover, the catalyst was segregated into a solid phase, while products remained in the liquid phase, allowing the easy separation of the catalyst and reaction products. Consequently, the catalyst could be recycled up to three times without appreciable loss of its initial catalytic activity.
Effect of the micro/nanostructured topography of polyetheretherketone on the behavior of MC3T3‐E1 preosteoblasts
Authors: Zhao Yuqing , Wang Jing , Wu Fan , Liu Lipeng , Wu Gaoyi , Zhou Libo
Published: January 2024

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is of interest because of its excellent mechanical properties. However, the bioinert nature of PEEK limits its use in clinical applications. In this study, a series of micro/nanostructures combining nano‐, submicron‐, and microscale on PEEK were fabricated with 0.5, 1, 4, and 6 min of sulfonation time (S1, S2, S3, and S4). Compared to the flat surface on PEEK, the micro/nanostructure of different sizes all significantly promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells. It is shown that micro/nano‐porous structures with smaller size and lower roughness of S1 enabled faster cell propagation. The results of alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, and quantitative real‐time PCR reveal that the osteogenic activity of MC3T3‐E1 cells gradually decreases with the increasement of pore size, indicating that the micro/nanostructured topography of S1 generated substantially increased matrix mineralization and bone‐like nodule formation, compared to the 3D network surface. This work provides an effective strategy for designing biomaterials with potential clinical applications.
Role of autonomic, nociceptive, and limbic brainstem nuclei in core autism features
Authors: Travers Brittany G. , Surgent Olivia , Guerrero‐Gonzalez Jose , Dean Douglas C. , Adluru Nagesh , Kecskemeti Steven R. , Kirk Gregory R. , Alexander Andrew L. , Zhu Jun , Skaletski Emily C. , Naik Sonali , Duran Monica
Published: January 2024

Although multiple theories have speculated about the brainstem reticular formation's involvement in autistic behaviors, the in vivo imaging of brainstem nuclei needed to test these theories has proven technologically challenging. Using methods to improve brainstem imaging in children, this study set out to elucidate the role of the autonomic, nociceptive, and limbic brainstem nuclei in the autism features of 145 children (74 autistic children, 6.0–10.9 years). Participants completed an assessment of core autism features and diffusion‐ and T1‐weighted imaging optimized to improve brainstem images. After data reduction via principal component analysis, correlational analyses examined associations among autism features and the microstructural properties of brainstem clusters. Independent replication was performed in 43 adolescents (24 autistic, 13.0–17.9 years). We found specific nuclei, most robustly the parvicellular reticular formation‐alpha (PCRtA) and to a lesser degree the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) and ventral tegmental parabrachial pigmented complex (VTA‐PBP), to be associated with autism features. The PCRtA and some of the LPB associations were independently found in the replication sample, but the VTA‐PBP associations were not. Consistent with theoretical perspectives, the findings suggest that individual differences in pontine reticular formation nuclei contribute to the prominence of autistic features. Specifically, the PCRtA, a nucleus involved in mastication, digestion, and cardio‐respiration in animal models, was associated with social communication in children, while the LPB, a pain‐network nucleus, was associated with repetitive behaviors. These findings highlight the contributions of key autonomic brainstem nuclei to the expression of core autism features.
Carbon emission efficiency in the age of digital economy: New insights on green technology progress and industrial structure distortion
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Liu Yi , Yan Taihua , Zhang Ming
Published: January 2024

There is a dual impact of the digital economy (DE) on carbon emission efficiency (CE). An in‐depth study of the impact of the DE on “local‐adjacent” CE at different spatial scales can support the debate on whether the digital economy is empowerment or impairment. This study reassesses the DE at the urban level from a micro‐perspective by cross‐referencing the data of listed companies with the information obtained from city yearbooks. Considering the potential spatial correlation of the digital economy, we use the spatial Durbin model to examine 281 cities from 2011 to 2019 and study the influence of the DE on “local‐adjacent” CE. We further explain the pathways of this influence from the perspectives of green technological progress and industrial structural distortion. The study findings indicate that the impact of DE on local CE exhibits a “U”‐shaped pattern overall while its impact on neighboring CE shows an inverted “U”‐shaped pattern. These conclusions are still valid even after conducting a series of robustness tests, including spatial difference‐in‐differences and spatial replacement matrix. Further research reveals that the impact of DE on neighboring CE weakens with increasing spatial distance. The promoting effect of DE on neighboring CE peaks at 250 km, and the inverted “U”‐shaped pattern holds within a range of 300 km. In the initial stages, green technological progress can mask the negative impact of DE on local CE while simultaneously improving CE within a 250‐km range of neighboring areas. However, in the later stages, DE exacerbates the distortion of neighboring industrial structures, thereby reducing neighboring CE. The lack of synergy in the scale and growth rate of DE development in different regions significantly reduces the enhancement effect of the digital economy on CE.
Nexus of circular economy R0 to R9 principles in integrated reporting: Insights from a multiple case study comparison
Authors: Nazir Sarfraz , Doni Federica
Published: January 2024

Over recent years, the Circular Economy (CE) has turned into a debated area worldwide as a way of achieving a more sustainable society. However, little is known about how companies can disclose CE‐related activities in their corporate reporting. This paper aims to explore how and to what extent CE‐related information is included in Integrated Reporting (IR) practices by promoting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study applies qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis approaches to explore the associations with CE, IR, the six capitals and SDGs. The institutional theory approach has been adopted to justify incorporating CE R‐principles activities into IR practices. Multiple case study findings demonstrate that every case company minimum one time cites the CE R principle, while case companies seen to be more involved in the reduce (R1), reuse (R2) and recycle (R7) are engaged with IR practices and focussing on SDGs. Whereas coercive, normative, and mimetic isomorphism mechanism substantially impacts CE activities concerning IR practices, we can argue that mimetic isomorphisms need further investigation because no structures and frameworks are available. In terms of managerial implications, this study proposed a combined framework of CE and IR that provides a conceptual picture of how CE activities intermesh with the IR framework and the six capitals, both essential for the Sustainable Development (SD) agenda participation and value creation process of companies.
Determinants of firms' initiative and inertia in pursuing climate neutrality strategies—Theoretical explanations and empirical evidence
Authors: Unger Benedikt , Nippa Michael
Published: January 2024

In view of global warming and growing demands that economies, industries, and firms should be climate‐neutral by mid‐century, various sources complain that firms are still hesitant to implement a corresponding climate neutrality strategy (CNS). To date, however, there is little empirical evidence or explanation for such an alleged inertia. This study fills this void by analyzing key determinants that may explain whether a CNS is pursued at the firm level. We develop and test hypotheses grounded in theory using firm‐level data from the 2021 European Flash Eurobarometer as well as country‐level datasets to examine the impact of formal and informal institutions. Our results reveal that the majority of firms across many countries and industries have no explicit CNS. As predicted by institutional logics, the extent of a firm's home country's exposure to climate change, climate problem awareness, and regulatory enforcement has a significant positive impact on the likelihood of CNS being formulated and pursued by firms. Extending traditional structural inertia theory, internal factors cause large and old firms to be more likely to report having explicit CNS. We further find that these structural characteristics partially moderate the link between institutions and CNS. After a thorough discussion of the results, potential limitations, research opportunities, and implications for various stakeholders are highlighted.
Engineered in vivo and in vitro tumor model recapitulates vasculogenic mimicry signatures in melanoma
Authors: Shuai Qizhi , Xu Xinrui , Liang Yuxiang , Halbiyat Zulala , Lu Xin , Hu Zixuan , Peng Zhiwei , An Jie , Feng Zhiwei , Huang Tingjuan , Zhao Hong , Liu Zhizhen , Xu Jun , Xie Jun
Published: January 2024

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) describes a process by which tumor cells formed a novel microcirculation pattern in an endothelial cell‐free manner. Clinically, VM is associated with aggressive phenotype and poor patient survival. However, the current models for investigating VM include 2D monolayer cultures, Matrigel‐based cultures, and animal models, each of which has limitations. Matrigel‐based models often exhibit batch‐to‐batch variations, while in vivo tumor models currently produce insufficient amounts of VM. There is currently no suitable tumor model to discover new therapeutic targets against VM. Herein, we establish an extracellular matrix (ECM)‐based engineered tumor model in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that matrix proteins enhanced the VM formation in the engineered xenograft model. Furthermore, we also investigated the role of collagen/fibronectin (FN) in melanoma progression and VM formation. Compared with cells cultured on TCPS plates, the B16F10 cells cultured on collagen/FN coated plates showed increased proliferation and stemness, and significantly enhanced invasion and formation of VM networks. Molecular mechanism analysis showed that Integrin/VE‐cadherin/EphA2/PI3K/MMP‐2 signaling pathways are responsible for VM formation. Our results indicate that collagen/FN matrix plays an important role in VM formation in melanoma, suggesting that ECM protein is a potential therapeutic target for anti‐VM therapy for melanoma.
Dissatisfied dropout from school‐based humanistic counselling: A theory‐building case series
Authors: Pattison Emily , Cooper Mick
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Dissatisfied dropout costs services financially and impacts client well‐being. Research is limited on reasons for dissatisfied dropout in adolescents. Preliminary research suggests it may be due to feeling uncomfortable with silences, not knowing what to talk about, or unresolved ruptures. This study aimed to understand and refine the theory about the reasons for adolescent dissatisfied dropout from school‐based humanistic counselling (SBHC).

Method

A theory‐building series of case studies was conducted with three dissatisfied dropout adolescent cases who received SBHC during a randomised controlled trial. Gaps in the theory were established by exploring the themes in one case. Testing and developing the theory with additional cases involved comparing themes and theory statements to case data. The final theory integrated data across the three cases.

Results

Therapeutic relationship difficulties and client factors were the principal, overlapping reasons for dissatisfied dropout. Relationship difficulties included a poor therapeutic alliance, the counsellor persisting with their own agenda, repetitive client/counsellor interactions with silences, the client not feeling able to trust the counsellor with a risk issue and a lack of knowledge about humanistic counselling. Client factors included the client's hesitancy and ambivalence to talk about their feelings in the counselling.

Conclusion

The results fitted with, but elaborated on and extended, the theory that a poor alliance, silences and misconceptions about counselling may lead to dissatisfied dropout. Emerging findings suggest the client's negative perception about disclosing their feelings and a lack of metacommunication about any difficulties in the therapeutic relationship may lead to dissatisfied dropout from SBHC.
Undescribed Triterpenes from the Leaves of Syzygium myrsinifolium with Their α‐Glucosidase and α‐Amylase Inhibition Activity
Authors: Trang Do Thi , Tai Bui Huu , Hoang Nguyen Huy , Cuc Nguyen Thi , Bang Ngo Anh , Dung Duong Thi , Yen Duong Thi Hai , Huong Phan Thi Thanh , Dung Nguyen Viet , Hang Dan Thi Thuy , Yen Pham Hai , Kiem Phan Van
Published: January 2024

Two undescribed triterpenes, syzyfolium A (1) and syzyfolium B (2), together with twelve known compounds, terminolic acid (3), actinidic acid (4), piscidinol A (5), threo‐dihydroxydehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (6), lariciresinol‐4‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside (7), icariol A2 (8), 14β,15β‐dihydroxyklaineanone (9), garcimangosone D (10), (+)‐catechin (11), myricetin‐3‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (12), quercitrin (13), and 3, 4, 5‐trimethoxyphenyl‐(6′‐O‐galloyl)‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (14) were isolated from the leaves of Syzygium myrsinifolium. Their chemical structures were determined by IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Compounds 3 and 4 inhibited significantly α‐glucosidase with IC50 values of 23.99 and 36.84, respectively, and compounds 1 and 2 inhibited significantly α‐amylase with IC50 values of 35.48 and 43.65 μM, respectively.