bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harmful Effects on the Hippocampal Morpho-Histology and on Learning and Memory in the Offspring of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes
Authors: Salazar-García Marcela , Villavicencio-Guzmán Laura , Revilla-Monsalve Cristina , Patiño-Morales Carlos César , Jaime-Cruz Ricardo , Ramírez-Fuentes Tania Cristina , Corona Juan Carlos
Published: October 2024

Learning alterations in the child population may be linked to gestational diabetes as a causal factor, though this remains an open and highly controversial question. In that sense, it has been reported that maternal hyperglycemia generates a threatening condition that affects hippocampal development in offspring. The pyramidal cells of the CA3 subfield, a key structure in learning and memory processes, are particularly important in cognitive deficiencies. We evaluate the effect of the hyperglycemic intrauterine environment on hippocampal histomorphometry in offspring, correlating it with spatial learning and memory, as well as the morphology of dendrites and spines in 30-day-old pups (P30). The maternal hyperglycemia affected the body weight, height, and brain size of fetuses at 21 days of gestation (F21), newborn pups (P0) and P30 pups from diabetic rats, which were smaller compared to the control group. Consequently, this resulted in a decrease in hippocampal size, lower neuronal density and cytoarchitectural disorganization in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in the offspring at the three ages studied. The behavioral tests performed showed a direct relationship between morpho-histological alterations and deficiencies in learning and memory, as well as alterations in the morphology of the dendrites and spines. Therefore, knowing the harmful effects caused by gestational diabetes can be of great help to establish therapeutic and educational strategies that can help to improve learning and memory in children.
Insights into the Mode and Mechanism of Interactions Between RNA and RNA-Binding Proteins
Authors: Fang Yan , Liu Xinyu , Liu Yuli , Xu Naiyi
Published: October 2024

Both RNA and protein play important roles in the process of gene expression and regulation, and it has been widely discussed that the interactions between RNA and protein affect gene transcription, translation efficiency, and post-translational modification. As an important class of proteins, RNA-binding proteins bind to RNA and affect gene expression in various ways. Here, we review the structural and functional properties of RNA-binding proteins and illustrate the specific modes of interactions between RNA and RNA-binding proteins and describe the involvement of some representative RNA-binding protein families in this network of action. Furthermore, we also explore the association that exists between RNA-binding proteins and the onset of diseases, as well as their potential in terms of serving as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of diseases. The in-depth exploration of the interactions between RNA and RNA-binding proteins reveals the dynamic process of gene expression and regulation, as well as offering valuable insights to advance the progress in the dissection of disease mechanisms and research and discovery of drugs, which promote the development of molecular biology.
Impact of Agroforestry Practices on Soil Microbial Diversity and Nutrient Cycling in Atlantic Rainforest Cocoa Systems
Authors: Nahon Sayure Mariana Raad , Trindade Felipe Costa , Yoshiura Caio Augusto , Martins Gabriel Caixeta , Costa Isa Rebecca Chagas da , Costa Paulo Henrique de Oliveira , Herrera Héctor , Balestrin Diego , Godinho Tiago de Oliveira , Marchiori Bia Makiyama , Valadares Rafael Borges da Silva
Published: October 2024

Microorganisms are critical indicators of soil quality due to their essential role in maintaining ecosystem services. However, anthropogenic activities can disrupt the vital metabolic functions of these microorganisms. Considering that soil biology is often underestimated and traditional assessment methods do not capture its complexity, molecular methods can be used to assess soil health more effectively. This study aimed to identify the changes in soil microbial diversity and activity under different cocoa agroforestry systems, specially focusing on taxa and functions associated to carbon and nitrogen cycling. Soils from three different cocoa agroforestry systems, including a newly established agroforestry with green fertilization (GF), rubber (Hevea brasiliensis)–cocoa intercropping (RC), and cocoa plantations under Cabruca (cultivated under the shave of native forest) (CAB) were analyzed and compared using metagenomic and metaproteomic approaches. Samples from surrounding native forest and pasture were used in the comparison, representing natural and anthropomorphic ecosystems. Metagenomic analysis revealed a significant increase in Proteobacteria and Basidiomycota and the genes associated with dissimilatory nitrate reduction in the RC and CAB areas. The green fertilization area showed increased nitrogen cycling activity, demonstrating the success of the practice. In addition, metaproteomic analyses detected enzymes such as dehydrogenases in RC and native forest soils, indicating higher metabolic activity in these soils. These findings underscore the importance of soil management strategies to enhance soil productivity, diversity, and overall soil health. Molecular tools are useful to demonstrate how changes in agricultural practices directly influence the microbial community, affecting soil health.
Wakefulness Induced by TAAR1 Partial Agonism in Mice Is Mediated Through Dopaminergic Neurotransmission
Authors: Park Sunmee , Heu Jasmine , Hoener Marius C. , Kilduff Thomas S.
Published: October 2024

Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a negative regulator of dopamine (DA) release. The partial TAAR1 agonist RO5263397 promotes wakefulness and suppresses NREM and REM sleep in rodents and non-human primates. We tested the hypothesis that the TAAR1-mediated effects on sleep/wake regulation were due, in part, to DA release. Male C57BL6/J mice (n = 8) were intraperitoneally administered the D1R antagonist SCH23390, the D2R antagonist eticlopride, a combination of D1R + D2R antagonists, or saline at ZT5.5, followed 30 min later by RO5263397 or vehicle per os. EEG, EMG, subcutaneous temperature, and activity were recorded across the 8 treatments and sleep architecture was analyzed for 6 h post-dosing. As described previously, RO5263397 increased wakefulness and delayed NREM and REM sleep onset. D1, D2, and D1 + D2 pretreatment reduced RO5263397-induced wakefulness for 1–2 h after dosing but only the D1 antagonist significantly reduced the TAAR1-mediated increase in NREM latency. Neither the D1 nor the D2 antagonist affected the TAAR1-mediated suppression of REM sleep. These results suggest that, whereas the TAAR1 effects on wakefulness are mediated, in part, through the D2R, D1R activation plays a role in reversing the TAAR1-mediated increase in NREM sleep latency. In contrast, the TAAR1-mediated suppression of REM sleep appears not to involve D1R or D2R mechanisms.
Unmasking Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer with a Machine Learning-Driven Seven-Gene Stemness Signature That Predicts Progression
Authors: Sabater Agustina , Sanchis Pablo , Seniuk Rocio , Pascual Gaston , Anselmino Nicolas , Alonso Daniel F. , Cayol Federico , Vazquez Elba , Marti Marcelo , Cotignola Javier , Toro Ayelen , Labanca Estefania , Bizzotto Juan , Gueron Geraldine
Published: October 2024

Prostate cancer (PCa) poses a significant global health challenge, particularly due to its progression into aggressive forms like neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). This study developed and validated a stemness-associated gene signature using advanced machine learning techniques, including Random Forest and Lasso regression, applied to large-scale transcriptomic datasets. The resulting seven-gene signature (KMT5C, DPP4, TYMS, CDC25B, IRF5, MEN1, and DNMT3B) was validated across independent cohorts and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. This signature demonstrated strong prognostic value for progression-free, disease-free, relapse-free, metastasis-free, and overall survival. Importantly, the signature not only identified specific NEPC subtypes, such as large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, which is associated with very poor outcomes, but also predicted a poor prognosis for PCa cases that exhibit this molecular signature, even when they were not histopathologically classified as NEPC. This dual prognostic and classifier capability makes the seven-gene signature a robust tool for personalized medicine, providing a valuable resource for predicting disease progression and guiding treatment strategies in PCa management.
Intravitreal Metformin Protects Against Choroidal Neovascularization and Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration
Authors: Xiao Jason F. , Luo Wendy , Mani Amir , Barba Hugo , Solanki Aniruddhsingh , Droho Steven , Lavine Jeremy A. , Skondra Dimitra
Published: October 2024

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), a leading cause of blindness in older adults, presents a challenging pathophysiology involving choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and retinal degeneration. Current treatments relying on intravitreal (IVT) administration of anti-angiogenic agents are costly and of moderate effectiveness. Metformin, the common anti-diabetic drug, has been associated with decreased odds of developing AMD. Studies have shown that metformin can mitigate cellular aging, neoangiogenesis, and inflammation across multiple diseases. This preclinical study assessed metformin’s impact on vessel growth using choroidal explants before exploring IVT metformin’s effects on laser-induced CNV and light-induced retinal degeneration in C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice, respectively. Metformin reduced new vessel growth in choroidal explants in a dose-dependent relationship. Following laser induction, IVT metformin suppressed CNV and decreased peripheral infiltration of IBA1+ macrophages/microglia. Furthermore, IVT metformin protected against retinal thinning in response to light-induced degeneration. IVT metformin downregulated genes in the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium which are associated with angiogenesis and inflammation, two key processes that drive nAMD progression. These findings underscore metformin’s capacity as an anti-angiogenic and neuroprotective agent, demonstrating this drug’s potential as an accessible option to help manage nAMD.
Decompression Illness After Technical Diving Session in Mediterranean Sea: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and HBO Therapy
Authors: Mrakic-Sposta Simona , Brizzolari Andrea , Vezzoli Alessandra , Graci Carmela , Cimmino Attilio , Giacon Tommaso Antonio , Dellanoce Cinzia , Barassi Alessandra , Sesana Giovanni , Bosco Gerardo
Published: October 2024

SCUBA diving poses risks due to pressure changes during descent (compression) and ascent (decompression). Decompression sickness (DCS) occurs due to gas bubble formation as the pressure decreases, causing joint pain, numbness, dizziness, or even paralysis and death. Immediate treatment involves 100% oxygen to help eliminate inert gases and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), which is essential to reduce gas emboli formation and inflammation, thus improving symptoms. We evaluated oxy-inflammation biomarkers in the saliva and urine of nine subjects pre- and post-technical dive on the Haven wreck (GE, Italy). A case of DCS occurred during the dive. The injured diver was treated immediately with O2 and transported to the hyperbaric center of “ASST Ospedale Ca Granda” in Milan. He was treated following the U.S. Navy Treatment Table 5 at 2.8 ATA and the day after with Table 15 at 2.4 ATA. Venous blood and urine samples were collected before and after each HBO treatment. Our study shows that dive increased oxy-inflammation biomarkers (ROS +126%; lipid peroxidation +23%; interleukins-6 +81%, -1β +19%, and TNFα +84%) and nitric oxide metabolites levels (+36%). HBOT after a DCS episode reduced oxidative stress, lowering the very high marker of lipid peroxidation (8-iso-PGF2α), and inhibited inflammatory interleukins. Overall, HBOT improved physiological responses in the diver affected by DCS.
Elevated Netrin-4 Expression and Its Action in Infrapatellar Fat Pad
Authors: Uekusa Yui , Mukai Manabu , Tsukada Ayumi , Iwase Dai , Aikawa Jun , Shibata Naoya , Ohashi Yoshihisa , Inoue Gen , Takaso Masashi , Uchida Kentaro
Published: October 2024

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by inflammation and cartilage degradation. The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), located beneath the patella within the knee joint, serves as a key anatomical structure involved in cushioning and supporting the knee. It is also an active endocrine organ that secretes various bioactive substances, potentially influencing the local inflammatory environment and contributing to KOA pathogenesis. Netrin-4 (NTN4), a protein primarily known for its role in neuronal guidance, has been implicated in various non-neuronal functions, including inflammatory processes and tissue remodeling. This study aims to explore the involvement of NTN4 in KOA, focusing on its expression in the IFP and its potential impact on disease progression. This study involved 82 patients with radiographically confirmed KOA undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The correlation between NTN4 expression and OA pathology, including Kellgren–Lawrence (K/L) grades, was investigated. NTN4-expressing cells were identified in the stromal vascular fraction, including fibroblastic, hematopoietic, and endothelial cells of the IFP. To elucidate the molecular effects of NTN4, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on fibroblastic cells treated with recombinant NTN4. Subsequent quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to validate the RNA-seq findings. NTN4 expression was significantly elevated in the IFP of patients with advanced KOA (K/L grades 3 and 4) compared to those with early-stage disease (K/L grade 2). Higher NTN4 expression was found in fibroblastic cells, and RNA-seq analysis revealed upregulation of genes associated with pro-inflammatory pathways, including IL-17 and TNF-α signaling, and matrix degradation. Notably, genes including IL6, MMP1, CXCL1, and CXCL8 were significantly elevated, as confirmed by qPCR, indicating NTN4’s role in promoting an inflammatory and catabolic environment. Our findings suggest that NTN4 plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of KOA by promoting inflammation and matrix degradation within the IFP. Although NTN4 expression was not directly correlated with clinical symptoms, its elevated expression in fibroblastic cells and influence on inflammatory and degradative pathways suggest a potential mechanism for exacerbating joint damage. Targeting NTN4 could offer a novel therapeutic approach to mitigating inflammation and slowing disease progression in KOA, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Further research is needed to clarify NTN4’s specific roles and therapeutic potential in OA management.
Phrenic Nerve Sonography Alterations in Patients with ALS: Insight with Clinical and Neurophysiological Findings
Authors: Laucius Ovidijus , Drūteika Justinas , Balnytė Renata , Palačionytė Jolita , Ališauskienė Miglė , Petrikonis Kęstutis , Vaitkus Antanas
Published: October 2024

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and although the diagnosis is primarily based on clinical criteria, ENMG, as the “gold standard”, does not always show detectable changes. Therefore, our study suggests that alterations in echogenicity and heterogeneity of the phrenic nerve (PN) may serve as potential additional diagnostic tools for ALS. Methods: Our study included 32 patients in the ALS group and 64 individuals in the control group. Each participant underwent an interview and completed questionnaires to collect clinical and demographic data, including age, gender, height, body mass index (BMI), hip and waist circumference, duration of illness, ALS-FRS-R score, comorbidities, and medication use. Ultrasound examinations of the PN were performed by two authors using a high-resolution “Philips EPIQ 7” ultrasound machine equipped with a linear 4–18 MHz transducer. The ALS group participants underwent PN sonography and conduction examinations, arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis, respiratory function tests (RFT), and electroneuromyography (ENMG). Results: The study demonstrated that the phrenic nerve is significantly smaller on both sides in patients with ALS compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Changes in the homogeneity and echogenicity of the PN were also observed on both sides. On the right side, 43.8% of the nerves showed heterogeneity, 40.6% were isoechoic, and 21.9% were hyperechoic. On the left side, 59.4% of the nerves exhibited heterogeneity, 34.4% were isoechoic, and 28.1% were hyperechoic. Moreover, sonography on both sides showed significant correlation with ALS-FRS-R, COMPASS-31, and ENMG results. Conclusions: Our study highlights the importance of phrenic nerve ultrasound as a promising supplementary diagnostic tool for ALS. The significant differences in phrenic nerve size, echogenicity, and homogeneity between patients with ALS and the control group demonstrate that ultrasound imaging can detect morphological changes in the phrenic nerve. Incorporating phrenic nerve ultrasound into routine diagnostic protocols could improve early detection, enhance disease monitoring, and offer a more comprehensive understanding of the neurodegenerative processes in ALS.
Environmental Stress-Induced Alterations in Embryo Developmental Morphokinetics
Authors: Kalo Dorit , Yaacobi-Artzi Shira , Manovich Shir , Michaelov Ariel , Komsky-Elbaz Alisa , Roth Zvi
Published: October 2024

The association between embryo morphokinetics and its developmental competence is well documented. For instance, early cleaved embryos are more competent in developing to blastocysts, whereas the proportion of abnormally cleaved embryos that further developed to blastocysts is low. Numerous factors, such as the parental age, lifestyle, health, and smoking habits have been reported to affect the embryo morphokinetics and, consequently, its development. However, less is known about the effect of environmental stressors on embryo morphokinetics. The current review discusses the effect of the most concerning environmental stressors on embryo morphokinetics. These stresses include heat stress and human-made chemicals such as phthalates (e.g., bis-(2-ethylhexyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, and their primary metabolites), herbicides (e.g., diaminochlorotriazine, the primary metabolite of atrazine), pharmaceutical compounds (e.g., carbamazepine, nocodazole) and pro-oxidant agents (cumene hydroperoxide, Triton X-100), as well as naturally occurring toxins such as mycotoxin (e.g., aflatoxin B1 and its metabolite, and ochratoxin A). In addition, this review discusses the effect of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation and viral infections (e.g., SARS-CoV-2, papillomavirus). Finally, it points out some potential mechanisms that underlie the impairment of embryo morphokinetics, and it suggests protective compounds, mainly the supplementation of antioxidants to improve the morphokinetics, and consequently, the embryo developmental competence.
Analysis of Geometrical Accuracy and Surface Quality of Threaded and Spline Connections Manufactured Using MEX, MJ and VAT Additive Technologies
Authors: Sarzyński Marcin , Chudzik Kamila , Panek Paweł , Sarzyński Bartłomiej , Zaborniak Małgorzata
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the process of manufacturing mechanical joint components using additive manufacturing (AM) techniques such as Material Extrusion (Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)), Material Jetting (PolyJet), and Vat Photopolymerization (VAT)/Stereolithography (SLA). Using the PolyJet technique and a photopolymer resin, spline and threaded joint components were produced. For comparative analysis, the threaded joint was also fabricated using FDM and SLA techniques. PLA material was used for the FDM technique, while photopolymer resin was utilized for the SLA process. The components produced underwent a surface analysis to evaluate the accuracy of the dimensions in relation to the nominal dimensions. For the spline connection components, the dimensional deviations recorded by a 3D scanner ranged from −0.11 to +0.18 mm for the shaft and up to 0.24 mm for the sleeve. Measurements of screw and nut diameters showed the highest accuracy for screws produced using the PolyJet technique, while the nuts exhibited the best accuracy when fabricated with the SLA method. The profile of the screw threads using a contour gauge revealed the most accurate thread profile on the screw manufactured with the PolyJet technique.
The Causal Relationship Between Choline Metabolites and Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis: Identifying ABCG8 as Colocalized Gene
Authors: Gao Yuntong , Mao Kun , Yang Congying , Wang Xisu , Liu Shixuan , Ma Zimeng , Zhai Qi , Shi Liang , Wu Qian , Zhang Tianxiao
Published: October 2024

Background: Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is a type of cholecystitis with high mortality rate while its pathogenesis remains complex. Choline is one of the essential nutrients and is related to several diseases. This study aimed to explore the causal relationship between choline metabolites and AAC and its potential mechanisms. Methods: This research utilized the two-sample Mendelian randomization method to investigate the causal relationship between choline metabolites and AAC. Additionally, multivariable Mendelian randomization and mediated Mendelian randomization were used to explore potential confounding effects from low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TGs), and coronary artery disease (CAD). Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC), co-localization analysis, and enrichment analysis were used to investigate relevant molecular mechanisms. Results: There is a negative causal relationship between total choline (OR [95%CI] = 0.9982 [0.9974, 0.9990], p = 0.0023), phosphatidylcholine (OR [95%CI] = 0.9983 [0.9976–0.9991], p = 0.0040), sphingomyelin (OR [95%CI] = 0.9980 [0.9971–0.9988], p = 0.0001), and AAC. The mediating effects of LDL were −0.0006 for total choline, −0.0006 for phosphatidylcholine, and −0.0008 for sphingomyelin, indicating a protective effect of total choline, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin on AAC. Colocalized SNP rs75331444, which is mapped to gene ABCG8, was identified for total choline (PPH4 = 0.8778) and sphingomyelin (PPH4 = 0.9344). Conclusions: There is a causal relationship between choline metabolites and cholecystitis, mediated through the protective action of LDL. Our results suggest that ABCG8 may play a role in the development of non-calculous cholecystitis.
Phytochemical Characterization and Assessment of the Wound Healing Properties of Three Eurasian Propolis
Authors: Miraldi Elisabetta , Giordano Alessandro , Cappellucci Giorgio , Vaccaro Federica , Biagi Marco , Baini Giulia
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the wound healing potential of Eurasian propolis by analyzing the phytochemical profile and the biological effects of three representative propolis samples. Methods: Specific colorimetric assays were used to estimate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the triterpenoids content. Some of the main components of Eurasian propolis (pinocembrin, pinobanksin, CAPE, chrysin and galangin) were analyzed using HPLC-DAD. Scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity were assessed through DPPH and ORAC assays, respectively. Human keratinocyte, fibroblast, and monocytic cell lines were used for the biological in vitro analyses. The direct wound healing properties were tested through scratching assays and ELISA kits for the assessment of the production of growth factors (FGF-7, Latency Associated Peptide-LAP), while the indirect effects were evaluated through the estimation of the levels of MMP9, IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α using ELISA kits together with a cell-free test on the inhibition capacity on collagenases. Network Pharmacology analysis was employed to further explore possible mechanisms of the action of propolis on the healing process. Results: The analyses confirmed the high phenolic content of Eurasian propolis (142.50–211.30 mg GAE/g), dominated by flavonoids (95.50–196.80 mg Galangin Equivalents/g), and terpenes (431.50–650.00 mg β-sitosterol Equivalents/g), while also verifying the significant antioxidant (4.9–8.9 mM/g Trolox Equivalents) and antiradical (DPPH IC50 26.1–54.4 μg/mL) activities. The samples showed indirect wound healing properties by mitigating inflammation and remodeling (reduced IL-1β and MMP9) and potentially modulating the immune response (upregulated IL-8). In vitro studies confirmed these effects, demonstrating decreased MMP9 production and collagenase inhibition when cells were co-treated with propolis and a stressor. Propolis also suppressed IL-1β release in fibroblasts, although its impact on TNF-α was inconclusive. Notably, co-treatment upregulated IL-8 in monocytes, suggesting a potential immunomodulatory role. Conclusions: Eurasian propolis may not directly stimulate cell proliferation during wound healing. Its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties could indicate an indirect contribution in helping the process.
An Analysis and Optimization of Distortion Effect Caused by Pupil Decentering in Optical Gun Scope
Authors: Yang Kaiyu , Jin Ning , Yang Dan , Xu Man , Dong Shulin
Published: October 2024

During the use of optical gun scopes, slight movements between the human eye and the instrument can cause the pupil to offset from the optical axis, resulting in a dynamic distortion effect. This affects the accuracy and stability of aiming. Based on the mechanism, this study established parameters of the centroid’s deviation of image spots for marginal field points under pupil decentering and centering conditions and their differences to quantitatively evaluate the distortion. These evaluation parameters were obtained by performing a double integral calculation of the ray aberration distribution function over the entire designed exit pupil. Based on this evaluation method, three optical design strategies for reducing the distortion were proposed: optimizing ray aberrations, optimizing centroid shift of image spots, and utilizing vignetting effects. An optimization process was established by combining increasing vignetting and suppressing centroid shift. For a gun scope with significant distortion, the distortion effect was significantly weakened by increasing the vignetting factor and optimizing the centroid shift of image spots. This proved the effectiveness of the proposed analysis, evaluation, and optimization design methods.
Vitamin B Complex Encapsulation in Bacterial Nanocellulose: A Novel System for Heat and Chemical Stabilization in Food Products
Authors: Sánchez-Osorno Diego Mauricio , Amaya-Bustos Sandra L. , Molina-Ramírez Carlos , López-Jaramillo María Camila , Martínez-Galán Julián Paul
Published: October 2024

Bacterial nanocellulose has been commonly used as a gelling or stabilizing agent in the food industry and as an excipient in pharmacology. However, due to its physical and chemical properties, such as its high degradation temperature and the ease with which it can interact with other molecules, bacterial nanocellulose has been established as a material with great potential for the protection of bioactive compounds. This research shows the capacity of bacterial nanocellulose to establish interactions with B vitamins (B1, B2, B3 and B12) through different sorption isotherms, mainly by means of the BET, GAB and TSS models. First, the degradation of the vitamin B complex, which mostly occurs upon heating, is minimized in the presence of BNC, herein proposed as a thermal stabilizer. Secondly, BNC is shown to bind to micronutrients and act as dietary fiber. BNC acts as a thickening and water-binding agent. The effects of BNC are determined to occur as an encapsulation system that facilitates affinity adsorption in mono- and multilayers. Finally, bacterial nanocellulose was used as an encapsulating agent for the vitamin B complex by spray drying. It is demonstrated that BNC is a very successful new nanomaterial for encapsulation, with a high level of adsorption, and for the protection of hydro-soluble vitamins. BNC has shown great potential to adsorb vitamins B1, B2, B3 and B12 owing to their hydroxyl groups, which are responsible for its water or vitamin sorption. Due to the features of bacterial nanocellulose, it is possible to use it as a raw material in the food industry to protect micronutrients during the thermal process.
Characterization of Electric Field Fluctuations in the High-Latitude Ionosphere Using a Dynamical Systems Approach: CSES-01 Observations
Authors: Quattrociocchi Virgilio , De Michelis Paola , Alberti Tommaso , Papini Emanuele , D’Angelo Giulia , Consolini Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

We present an analysis of the ionospheric electric field dynamics at high latitudes during periods of quiet and disturbed geomagnetic activity by exploiting recent advancements in dynamical systems and extreme value theory. Specifically, we employed two key indicators: the instantaneous dimension d, which evaluates the degrees of freedom within the system, and the extremal index θ, which quantifies the system’s persistence in a given state. Electric field measurements were obtained from the CSES-01 satellite at mid- and high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. Our analysis revealed that the instantaneous dimension increases upon crossing specific ionospheric regions corresponding to the auroral oval boundaries. Outside these regions, the instantaneous dimension fluctuates around the state-space dimension, suggesting an ergodic nature of the system. As geomagnetic activity intensifies, differences in the properties of various ionospheric regions persist, albeit with an increased system instability characterized by higher θ values, thus indicating the externally driven nature of the electric field response to geomagnetic activity. This study provides new insights into the spatial and temporal variability of electric field fluctuations in the ionosphere, highlighting the complex interplay between geomagnetic conditions and ionospheric dynamics.
Temperature and Lateral Pressure Sensing Using a Sagnac Sensor Based on Cascaded Tilted Grating and Polarization-Maintaining Fibers
Authors: Liu Yifan , Li Yujian , Xu Pin , Yu Changyuan
Published: October 2024

This study introduces a Sagnac Interferometer (SI) fiber sensor that integrates Polarization-Maintaining Fibers (PMFs) with a Tilted Fiber Bragg Grating (TFBG) for the dual-parameter measurement of strain and lateral pressure. By incorporating a 6° TFBG with PMFs into the SI sensor, its sensitivity is significantly enhanced, enabling advanced multi-parameter sensing capabilities. The sensor demonstrates a temperature sensitivity of −1.413 nm/°C and a lateral pressure sensitivity of −4.264 dB/kPa, as validated by repeated experiments. The results exhibit excellent repeatability and high precision, underscoring the sensor’s potential for robust and accurate multi-parameter sensing applications.
Hybrid Reconstruction Approach for Polychromatic Computed Tomography in Highly Limited-Data Scenarios
Authors: Piol Alessandro , Sanderson Daniel , del Cerro Carlos F. , Lorente-Mur Antonio , Desco Manuel , Abella Mónica
Published: October 2024

Conventional strategies aimed at mitigating beam-hardening artifacts in computed tomography (CT) can be categorized into two main approaches: (1) postprocessing following conventional reconstruction and (2) iterative reconstruction incorporating a beam-hardening model. While the former fails in low-dose and/or limited-data cases, the latter substantially increases computational cost. Although deep learning-based methods have been proposed for several cases of limited-data CT, few works in the literature have dealt with beam-hardening artifacts, and none have addressed the problems caused by randomly selected projections and a highly limited span. We propose the deep learning-based prior image constrained (PICDL) framework, a hybrid method used to yield CT images free from beam-hardening artifacts in different limited-data scenarios based on the combination of a modified version of the Prior Image Constrained Compressed Sensing (PICCS) algorithm that incorporates the L2 norm (L2-PICCS) with a prior image generated from a preliminary FDK reconstruction with a deep learning (DL) algorithm. The model is based on a modification of the U-Net architecture, incorporating ResNet-34 as a replacement of the original encoder. Evaluation with rodent head studies in a small-animal CT scanner showed that the proposed method was able to correct beam-hardening artifacts, recover patient contours, and compensate streak and deformation artifacts in scenarios with a limited span and a limited number of projections randomly selected. Hallucinations present in the prior image caused by the deep learning model were eliminated, while the target information was effectively recovered by the L2-PICCS algorithm.
Intelligent Monitoring and Visualization System for High Building Nighttime Utilization Based on Image Processing
Authors: He Yuanrong , Yu Xianhui , Liang Qihao , Yu Peng , Xie Zhiying , Xia Le , Qin Minghang
Published: October 2024

The rise of complex high-rise buildings has made building management increasingly challenging, especially the nighttime supervision of university laboratories. Idle occupation increases the risk of accidents and undermines campus sustainability. Effective occupancy detection is essential for optimizing campus building safety and energy efficiency. Environmental sensors for occupancy detection offer limited coverage and are costly, making them unsuitable for campuses. Surveillance cameras, as part of campus infrastructure, provide wide coverage. On this basis, we designed a detection algorithm that uses light brightness to assess nighttime building use. Experimental results showed that the algorithm achieves an average accuracy of 98.67%, enabling large-scale nighttime occupancy detection without the need for installing additional sensors, significantly improving the efficiency of campus building management. In addition, to address the limitations of indoor space representation in geographic information system (GIS) management models, this paper developed a comprehensive 3D GIS model based on a “building–floor–room” hierarchical structure, utilizing oblique photogrammetry and laser scanning technology. This study combined the detection results with real-world 3D data for visualization, providing a new perspective for the 3D spatiotemporal refinement of complex high-rise buildings, and providing a reference framework for the detection and analysis of other types of building environments.
Value Assessment and Prediction of Regulating Ecosystem Services in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, China
Authors: Du Leshan , Liu Haiyan , Liu Haiou , Liu Wenhui , Quan Zhanjun , Zhang Ying
Published: October 2024

Ecosystem services serve as a bridge between the ecological environment and human society. The quantitative analysis and forecasting of ecosystem services can provide references for regional eco-environmental assessments and land-use planning for the future. In this study, taking Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (HTRNP) as an example, the value of regulating ecosystem services (RESs) in 2020 was assessed via ArcGIS 10.1 and the InVEST 3.5 model, and the per-unit value of RESs was calculated for different LULC types. In addition, in accordance with the Overall Planning for HTRNP and the objective of optimizing RESs, the value of RESs in short-term (to 2030) and long-term (to 2050) scenarios was forecast via a linear programming model. The results are as follows: (1) The RES value of HTRNP in 2020 was CNY 2090.67 × 108, with climate regulation accounting for the largest proportion; the spatial distribution of RESs in the eastern and central areas was higher than that in the western area, but different indicators of RESs differed in their spatial patterns in varied geographic units. (2) The natural forest ecosystem in HTRNP accounts for 76.94% of the total area but 84.82% of the total value of RESs. The per-unit value is ranked from highest to lowest as follows: montane rainforests > wetlands > lowland rainforests > lowland secondary rainforests > tropical coniferous forests > deciduous monsoon rainforests > tropical cloud forests > shrub forests > timber forests > economic forests > rubber forests > grasslands > farmlands > settlements. (3) In the short-term scenario, the value of RESs is CNY 2216.64 × 108, an increase of CNY 118.97 × 108 compared to 2020, with an increase rate of 5.67%. In the long-term scenario, the value of RESs is CNY 2472.48 × 108, an increase of CNY 374.81 × 108 compared to 2020, with an increase rate of 17.87%. The results reveal the significance of ecosystem services in the national park and can inform more targeted and scientifically sound decision-making in the future.
Primordial Perturbations Including Second-Order Derivatives of the Inflationary Potential
Authors: Custodio Paulo , Ghezzi Cristian R. , Magalhaes Nadja S. , Frajuca Carlos
Published: October 2024

In inflationary cosmology, the form of the potential is still an open problem. In this work, second-order effects of the inflationary potential are evaluated and related to the known formula for the primordial perturbations at a wide range of scales. We found effects that may help to unravel the unknown inflationary potential form and impose new constraints on the parameters that define this potential. In particular, we demonstrate that even slight deviations in the inflationary potential can lead to significant differences in the calculated spectra if inflation persists sufficiently long and the normal modes of perturbations are affected by these variations.
Enhanced Feature Refinement Network Based on Depthwise Separable Convolution for Lightweight Image Super-Resolution
Authors: Sun Weizhe , Ke Ran , Liu Zhen , Lu Haoran , Li Dong , Yang Fei , Zhang Lei
Published: October 2024

Image super-resolution (SR) techniques aim to enhance the clarity and realism of images. Recently, a wide range of excellent SR algorithms with powerful characterization capabilities have emerged and are widely used. However, there are still challenges and room for improvement in designing a lighter and more edge-friendly SR networks for hardware devices. In this paper, we propose a lightweight enhanced feature refinement network (EFRN) based on depthwise separatable convolution for SR reconstruction. The core network components consist of multiple enhanced feature refinement blocks (EFRB), which fully fuse channel features to extract more accurate low-frequency information based on the attention of different channels. In addition, a lightweight residual block (LRB) and a lightweight dual attention block (LDAB) are designed to enhance network information extraction with minimal parameter cost. We improve the feature refinement by using 1 × 1 convolution instead of a channel selection operation to reduce the dimensionality of the features and extract the refined features more efficiently. Finally, to achieve better reconstruction performance, the depth and number of channels of the network are expanded while keeping the total number of parameters at a low level. Extensive experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the superiority of our EFRN over other mainstream SR algorithms in terms of reconstruction results and the number of parameters.
A New Approach to k-Oresme and k-Oresme-Lucas Sequences
Authors: Özkan Engin , Akkuş Hakan
Published: October 2024

In this study, the k-Oresme and k-Oresme-Lucas sequences are defined, and some terms of these sequence are given. Then, the relations between the terms of the k-Oresme and k-Oresme-Lucas sequences are presented. In addition, we give these sequences the Binet formulas, generating functions, Cassini identity, Catalan identity etc. Moreover, the k-Oresme and k-Oresme-Lucas sequences are associated with Fibonacci, Pell numbers and Lucas, and Pell- Lucas numbers, respectively. Finally, the Catalan transforms of these sequences are given and Hankel transforms are applied to these Catalan sequences and associated with the terms of the sequence.
Transactivation of Human Endogenous Retroviruses by Viruses
Authors: Evans Erin F. , Saraph Ananya , Tokuyama Maria
Published: October 2024

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are remnants of ancient retroviral infections that are part the human genome and are normally silenced through epigenetic mechanisms. However, HERVs can be induced by various host and environmental factors, including viral infection, and transcriptionally active HERVs have been implicated in various physiological processes. In this review, we summarize mounting evidence of transactivation of HERVs by a wide range of DNA and RNA viruses. Though a mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon and the biological implications are still largely missing, the link between exogenous and endogenous viruses is intriguing. Considering the increasing recognition of the role of viral infections in disease, understanding these interactions provides novel insights into human health.
Análise da hiperfagia na Síndrome de Prader-Willi: alternativas para o tratamento medicamentoso
Authors: Vasconcelos Leitão Moreira Lucas , Elias Maia Rayana , Vasconcelos Leitão Moreira Patrícia , Viana Bezerra da Cunha Sílvia , Renato Silva Lima Cláudio Renato , Agra Padilha Janine , Laureano Martins Jéssica
Published: October 2024

Introdução. A Síndrome de Prader-Willi (SPW) é uma rara e complexa condição genética que se caracteriza por erros na imprinting genômica, resultando na perda de expressão dos genes de origem paterna na região do cromossomo 15q11-q13. A SPW apresenta uma extensa variedade de manifestações clínicas e desafios comportamentais, englobando explosões de temperamento, quadros de ansiedade, comportamentos obsessivo-compulsivos, rigidez e déficits na cognição social. Contudo, um fenótipo comportamental distintivo nessa síndrome é a hiperfagia severa, que a torna a forma sindrômica mais prevalente de obesidade com risco à vida. Apesar dos avanços no conhecimento dessa síndrome, a terapia com hormônio do crescimento permanece como a única terapia aprovada pela Food and Drug Administration (FDA) para uso em crianças com SPW. Entretanto, não se observa um impacto significativo na redução da hiperfagia, e os elevados níveis de sobrecarga enfrentados pelos cuidadores de indivíduos com SPW reforçam a necessidade de priorizar a busca por abordagens terapêuticas destinadas ao tratamento eficaz da hiperfagia. Objetivo. Identificar e discutir as possibilidades de tratamento medicamentoso direcionado à hiperfagia na SPW na atualidade. Métodos. O levantamento dos dados foi realizado nas bases de dados PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), entre agosto de 2023 a junho de 2024, utilizando a combinação dos seguintes descritores: "Prader-Willi Syndrome", "hyperphagia" e "treatment", conjugado com o operador booleano “AND”. Resultados.Sete ensaios clínicos foram analisados, abordando terapias como Liraglutida, GLWL-01, Diazóxido de Colina, Topiramato, Ocitocina e Carbetocina. Os resultados principais revelaram uma variação nos níveis de hiperfagia, a depender de sua gravidade, medicamento utilizado, dose, perfil genético, sexo e idade dos pacientes em cada estudo. Essa diversidade pode influenciar significativamente a resposta ao tratamento Conclusão. Embora vários estudos clínicos tenham sido conduzidos com diferentes terapias para a SPW, os resultados não fornecem uma indicação definitiva sobre qual terapia específica deve ser adotada. Portanto, novas pesquisas são cruciais para explorar novas intervenções.
Clinical and Humanistic Burden of IgA Nephropathy in Adult Patients
Authors: Tang Sydney C.W. , Chen Wei , Aldworth Carolina , Thomas George Aneesh , Kattlun Julia , Rovira Tomas Gisela , Kroes Michel , Roccatello Dario , Przybysz Raymond , Smeets Serge , Golden Keisha , Garratt-Wheeldon Jade , Chatterton Emma , de Courcy Jonathan , Lafayette Richard
Published: October 2024

Key Points

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) exerts a significant humanistic burden on patients.

Quality of life is impaired in patients with IgAN.

Progression of disease in IgAN, especially proteinuria and GFR loss, are associated with the burden of disease.

Background

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a chronic, progressive kidney disease in which proteinuria, reduced eGFR, pain, and fatigue are common. How symptoms interact and affect patient quality of life (QoL) in real-world practice is poorly studied. This study investigated how patient and physician symptom perceptions differ and how proteinuria and eGFR correlate with pain, fatigue, and QoL in adult patients with IgAN.

Methods

Data were drawn from the Adelphi IgAN Disease Specific Program, a cross-sectional survey of physicians and their biopsy confirmed patients with IgAN in China, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Japan from June to October 2021. Physicians provided demographics and clinical characteristics, including pain and fatigue severity. The same patients completed a self-completion form containing questions on symptom severity, the EQ-5D-5L, Kidney Disease QoL, and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaires. Symptom scores were grouped by severity, and patients were grouped by proteinuria and eGFR. Analysis of variance, chi-squared, or Fisher exact tests were performed as appropriate and Dunn multiple comparisons with Bonferroni adjustment for pair-wise comparisons.

Results

Overall, 1515 patients were included (mean [SD] age: 43 [15] years, 60% [n=903] male, 70% [n=1020/1459] diagnosed >1 year ago). Pain was reported by 46% (n=374) of physicians and 47% (n=384) of patients and fatigue by 65% (n=530) of physicians and 76% (n=620) of patients. Both pain and fatigue increased with increased proteinuria and reduced eGFR (all P < 0.001). Finally, patients with increased proteinuria and reduced eGFR experienced worse (P < 0.05) QoL and work productivity across all measures (except work absenteeism).

Conclusions

Patients with higher proteinuria and lower eGFR face higher symptom burden and reduced QoL compared to their counterparts. Physicians underestimated fatigue levels faced by patients. To improve QoL, more effective treatments are needed to prevent high proteinuria and preserve eGFR.
تأثير التضخم على العوائد والتقلبات الشرطية لأسواق الأوراق المالية: دليل تطبيقي من المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: عبدالله سليمان زكريا
Published: October 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التحقُّق من مدى تأثير معدلات التضخم على عوائد وتقلبات المؤشر العام لسوق الأوراق المالية بالمملكة العربية السعودية (تداول)؛ وذلك من خلال استخدام بيانات شهرية لأسعار إقفال مؤشر السوق ومعدلات التضخم للفترة من يناير ١٩٩٠ حتى ديسمبر ٢٠١١م. وتتضمن الطرق التطبيقية المستخدمة النماذج العامة لاختلاف التباين الشرطي المنحدر ذاتياً، متضمنة النماذج المتماثلة وغير المتماثلة. حيث تفيد نتائج الدراسة عدم معنوية تأثير معدلات التضخم في معادلة العوائد على مؤشر السوق، بينما تُظهر تأثيراً معنوياً موجباً للتضخم عند إدراجه في معادلة التباين الشرطي التي تعبر عن تقلبات مؤشر السوق.
PERAN KEIBUAN MARIA DALAM MATIUS 2:13-23 DAN RELEVANSINYA BAGI KAUM KRISTIANI MASA KINI
Authors: Boe Roswita Maria , Senda Siprianus S. , Boy Mikhael Valens
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini membahas peran keibuan Maria sebagai teladan iman dan kebajikan yang menjadi landasan hidup umat beriman, dengan fokus pada Injil Matius 2:13-23. Melalui analisis teks tersebut, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi tiga aspek peran keibuan Maria: sebagai Pelindung dalam perjalanan Iman, ibu yang penuh kasih dalam tantangan pengungsian, dan ikon ketaatan dan kebaikan dalam pengungsian. Berdasarkan telaah terhadap teks Alkitab, dokumen Konsili Vatikan II, serta literatur terdahulu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali relevansi peran keibuan Maria bagi kaum ibu kristiani masa kini, terutama di era postmodern dengan kompleksitas tantangan pengungsian dan kekerasan. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan baru tentang makna dan signifikansi peran keibuan Maria dalam kehidupan umat beriman pada masa kini.