bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Friction stir welding of aluminium alloys: An overview of experimental findings – Process, variables, development and applications
Authors: Shah Pratik H , Badheka Vishvesh J
Published: April 2017

The never ending appetite of the mankind to produce more and more competitive products results in continuous development of newer and newer manufacturing processes. One of such a kind, a solid state welding process highly appreciated for joining of a variety of aluminium and copper alloys, is friction stir welding. The process is also an accomplished method for joining dissimilar materials efficiently. The process finds its major application for joining hard-to-weld metals, especially the precipitation hardenable aluminium alloys and is widely adopted by industries for the welding of such aluminium alloys. However, the process has still not found an economical way for welding of steels and hence found limited applications in industries for welding steels. This paper aims at providing a comprehensive review of the work undertaken in the field of friction stir welding and provides an insight into the friction stir welding of aluminium alloys. The article pays critical attention and analytical evaluation of classification of aluminium alloys, friction stir welding process parameters, the mechanical testing and properties of the friction stir welding joints, macrostructure and microstructure evolution during friction stir welding, friction stir welding defects and industrial applications of the process. The friction stir welding process variants are discussed as well. Special accentuation has been given to (i) effect of friction stir welding parameters on the microstructure evolved and thus the ultimate mechanical properties (viz. tensile strength, hardness, fatigue strength, fracture toughness and residual stresses), (ii) the texture formation, microstructure refinement and the role of intermetallics. However, studies related to welding of dissimilar aluminium alloys, temperature, and heat transfer modeling and material flow are out of the scope of this paper. Finally, the directions of future research are examined.
Evaluating social pedagogy in the UK: Methodological issues
Authors: Kirkwood Steve , Roesch-Marsh Autumn , Cooper Sheila
Published: April 2017

In recent years, various social services in the UK have piloted using social pedagogy – a broadly education-based approach to bringing about social change originating in mainland Europe – as a way of improving practice, particularly in residential childcare. Pilot evaluations of initiatives to introduce social pedagogy to children’s services have produced generally positive results, although the evidence remains modest and the studies are affected by a range of methodological limitations. In this article, we critically review existing evaluations, supplemented by insights from our experience as independent evaluators for a social pedagogy pilot for services supporting people with learning disabilities, to present an account of the challenges and opportunities of evaluating social pedagogy in the UK. We argue that some of the main challenges relate to defining social pedagogy, measuring the baseline prior to implementing social pedagogy training, understanding individual and organisational change, measuring outcomes and applying an appropriate approach for the evaluation. We conclude with recommendations for those intending to evaluate social pedagogy, and similar initiatives, in the future.
The pressure of objectives and reality: Social workers’ perceptions of their occupational complexities in a trade journal in 1958–1999
Authors: Turtiainen Jussi , Väänänen Ari , Varje Pekka
Published: April 2017

This article studies social workers’ occupational discussions on the complexities of their work in a Finnish social workers’ trade union journal in 1958–1999. The journal illustrates the flip side of social work; the quest for professionalization, the struggle for fair pay, and social workers’ perceptions of their occupational status and job dissatisfaction. We traced the significant turning points in their difficulties and challenges at work and identified the junctures at which the major occupational difficulties came to the surface, transformed and received an established position in the professional mindset. The four junctures identified are: the making of the profession (1958–1968), the politicization of social work and working conditions (1974–1981), a heightened awareness of work pressures (1982–1990), and the social work crisis (1991–1999). Our analysis leads to the conclusion that job complexities at work were related to the transformations in welfare policy and ideology. The historical periodization of the occupational complexities indicates that social workers collectively reasserted the profession of social work and its institutional boundaries into a broader rubric of the demands brought about by changing society and the development of the Nordic welfare state.
Conducting secondary analysis of qualitative data: Should we, can we, and how?
Authors: Ruggiano Nicole , Perry Tam E
Published: April 2017

While secondary data analysis of quantitative data has become commonplace and encouraged across disciplines, the practice of secondary data analysis with qualitative data has met more criticism and concerns regarding potential methodological and ethical problems. Though commentary about qualitative secondary data analysis has increased, little is known about the current state of qualitative secondary data analysis or how researchers are conducting secondary data analysis with qualitative data. This critical interpretive synthesis examined research articles (n = 71) published between 2006 and 2016 that involved qualitative secondary data analysis and assessed the context, purpose, and methodologies that were reported. Implications of findings are discussed, with particular focus on recommended guidelines and best practices of conducting qualitative secondary data analysis.
A free-form side-emitting lens for airfield lighting
Authors: Xu CY , Cheng HB
Published: April 2017

Side-emitting lenses are essential devices in some special lighting fields. Two types of side-emitting lenses with refractive and total reflective free-form surfaces are introduced. The principles of geometric optics and non-imaging optics are adopted to construct the free-form surfaces without complex mapping or a differential iteration process. As an example, an elevated taxiway edge light is designed for airfield lighting. A side-emitting lens with two sawtooth additions on top is designed to meet the luminous intensity distribution required by the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). An analysis is carried out to determine tolerance limits during manufacture and installation. Computer simulation results show that a side-emitting efficiency of 85.4% is achieved for a Cree XP-E LED. The light distribution of this elevated taxiway edge light complies with the FAA regulations.
Clinical correlation with failure of endovenous therapy for leg swelling
Authors: Alsheekh Ahmad , Hingorani Anil , Marks Natalie , Ostrozhynskyy Yuriy , Ascher Enrico
Published: April 2017

Background

The development and use of minimally invasive procedures provide improved options for the management of symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency. While many patients with iliac venous occlusive disease and superficial venous insufficiency improve with combined iliac venous stenting and correction of superficial venous reflux, some patients have symptoms which persist. The goal of this study was to identify clinical factors related to persistent symptoms in patients with leg swelling after treatment of both iliac vein stenting and thermal ablation.

Methods

This observational study analyzed data for patients who underwent both iliac vein stent placement as well as endovenous ablation (either RFA or EVLT) as a management for chronic venous insufficiency between February 2012 and February 2014. Follow-up was performed after completion of both procedures and inquiring for improvement of swelling. Statistical analysis performed using Chi-square and student's t-test.

Results

Of the total 173 patients who underwent both endovenous closure and iliac vein stent placements, 55 (31.8%) patients were men; 29 (16%) patients stated they had no improvement after these procedures. The average age of patients who did not improve was 68.8 (±16.7 SD) years and 66.2 (±13.3 SD) years for patients who improved. Over all, the classification of the presenting symptoms by CEAP classification demonstrated 25.4%, 53.2%, 5.8%, and 15.6%, for C3–C6, respectively. There was no correlation with failure to improve the swelling with: age ( P = .44), gender ( P = .33), presenting symptom ( P = .67), use of calcium channel blockers ( P = .85), nitroglycerin ( P = .86), Plavix ( P = .07), aspirin ( P = .55), Synthyroid ( P = .55), Coumadin ( P = .14), angiotensin receptor blocker ( P = .81), β Blockers ( P = .61), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors ( P = .88), furosemide 40 mg ( P = .74), hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg ( P = .07), hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg ( P = .48), and EVLT vs. RFA ( P = .91). The use of furosemide (20 mg) was associated with continued swelling ( P = .01). The use of dual diuretics (furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide) was associated with persistent swelling even after these combined endovenous procedures P = .03).

Conclusion

These preliminary data suggest that the treatment with diuretics may be associated with failure to relieve lower extremity swelling despite combined endovascular therapy for chronic venous insufficiency.
Genomic architecture and treatment outcome in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: a Children’s Oncology Group report
Authors: Vujkovic Marijana , Attiyeh Edward F. , Ries Rhonda E. , Goodman Elizabeth K. , Ding Yang , Kavcic Marko , Alonzo Todd A. , Wang Yi-Cheng , Gerbing Robert B. , Sung Lillian , Hirsch Betsy , Raimondi Susana , Gamis Alan S. , Meshinchi Soheil , Aplenc Richard
Published: April 2017

Key Points

Pediatric patients with de novo AML on average acquire 1.14 somatic CNAs in a study sample of 446 patients. The presence of CNAs is significantly associated with survival in standard-risk patients.
Treatment with high-dose n-3 PUFAs has no effect on platelet function, coagulation, metabolic status or inflammation in patients with atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Poreba Malgorzata , Mostowik Magdalena , Siniarski Aleksander , Golebiowska-Wiatrak Renata , Malinowski Krzysztof Piotr , Haberka Maciej , Konduracka Ewa , Nessler Jadwiga , Undas Anetta , Gajos Grzegorz
Published: April 2017

Background

Despite numerous studies on cardioprotective effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), there is limited evidence for n-3 PUFA-mediated effects, especially at its higher dose, on cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) and established atherosclerosis.

Purpose

To investigate the effect of daily treatment with a higher dose (2 g) of n-3 PUFAs on platelet function, coagulation parameters, fibrin clot properties, markers of systemic inflammation and metabolic status, in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease and DM2 who receive optimal medical therapy.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-center study, in which thrombin generation (plasma thrombogenic potential from automated thrombogram), fibrin clot properties (plasma fibrin clot permeability; lysis time), platelet aggregation (light transmission aggregometry with adenosine diphosphate and arachidonic acid used as agonists), HbA1c, insulin level, lipid profiles, leptin and adiponectin levels, as well as markers of systemic inflammation (i.e., hsCRP, IL-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and myeloperoxidase) were determined at baseline and at 3 months after treatment with 2 g/day of n-3 PUFAs (n = 36) or placebo (n = 38). Moreover, we assessed serum fatty acids of the phospholipid fraction by gas chromatography both at baseline and at the end of the study.

Results

Majority of patients were treated with optimal medical therapy and achieved recommended treatment targets. Despite higher serum levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (by 204%; p < 0.001) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (by 62%; p < 0.0001) in n-3 PUFA group at the end of treatment no changes in platelet aggregation, thrombin generation, fibrin clot properties or markers of systemic inflammation were observed. No intergroup differences in the insulin, HbA1c and lipid levels were found at the end of the study. There was no change in adiponectin and leptin in interventional group, however leptin increased in control group (p = 0.01), therefore after study period leptin levels were lower in the interventional group (p = 0.01). Additionally, resolvin D1 did not differ between interventional and control group.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our study demonstrated that in patients with long-standing, well-controlled DM2 and atherosclerotic disease the treatment with a high dose of n-3 PUFAs (namely, 1 g/day of EPA and 1 g/day of DHA for 3 months) does not improve coagulation, metabolic, and inflammatory status when measured with the specified tests.

The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov; identifier: NCT02178501. Registration date: April 12, 2014
Broadening Participation in the Sciences within and from Africa: Purpose, Challenges, and Prospects
Authors: Okeke Iruka N. , Babalola Chinedum P. , Byarugaba Denis K. , Djimde Abdoulaye , Osoniyi Omolaja R.
Published: April 2017

Many of Africa’s challenges have scientific solutions, but there are fewer individuals engaged in scientific activity per capita on this continent than on any other. Only a handful of African scientists use their skills to capacity or are leaders in their disciplines. Underrepresentation of Africans in scientific practice, discourse, and decision making reduces the richness of intellectual contributions toward hard problems worldwide. This essay outlines challenges faced by teacher-scholars from sub-Saharan Africa as we build scientific expertise. Access to tertiary-level science is difficult and uneven across Africa, and the quality of training available varies from top-range to inadequate. Access to science higher education needs to increase, particularly for female students, first-generation literates, and rural populations. We make suggestions for collaborative initiatives involving stakeholders outside Africa and/or outside academia that could extend educational opportunities available to African students and increase the chance that Africa-based expertise is globally available.
Η ανάδειξη των προσόντων του αποτελεσματικού Διευθυντή Σχολικής Μονάδας μέσα από τις διαδικασίες επιλογής. Μια εμπειρική μελέτη περίπτωσης
Authors: Argyropoulou Eleftheria , Symeonidis Anastasios
Published: April 2017

Η σχολική διεύθυνση αποτελεί σημαντικό παράγοντα στους εκπαιδευτικούς οργανισμούς και ο ρόλος του Διευθυντή μιας σχολικής μονάδας είναι πολύ σημαντικός τόσο για την ίδια την εκπαιδευτική μονάδα όσο και για ολόκληρο το σχολικό σύστημα καθώς η αποτελεσματική διοίκηση των σχολείων, η οποία με τη σειρά της επηρεάζει τη λειτουργία και ανάπτυξή τους, σε μεγάλο βαθμό εξαρτάται από αντίστοιχα αποτελεσματικούς Διευθυντές. Η νομοθεσία αλλάζει συχνά και η διαδικασία επιλογής και τοποθέτησης Διευθυντών σχολικών μονάδων παρουσιάζει τεράστιο ενδιαφέρον. Στην παρούσα ερευνητική εργασία, μέσα από την επισκόπηση της βιβλιογραφίας και τη διερεύνηση των απόψεων των ίδιων των εκπαιδευτικών, καταβάλλεται προσπάθεια να αποτυπωθούν τα προσόντα που πρέπει να χαρακτηρίζουν τον αποτελεσματικό Διευθυντή και να εξακριβωθεί, με βάση το ισχύον σύστημα επιλογής εκπαιδευτικών στελεχών αλλά και σε σύγκριση με το προηγούμενο, κατά πόσο τα προσόντα αυτά λαμβάνονται πραγματικά υπόψη και σε ποιο βαθμό ενθαρρύνονται οι ικανότεροι εκπαιδευτικοί στη διεκδίκηση διευθυντικών θέσεων.
Typification of the name of the Afrotropical sycomore figFicus sycomorus(Moraceae), and nomenclatural remarks on its synonyms
Authors: Ferrer-Gallego P. Pablo , Boisset Fernando
Published: April 2017

The typification of the name of the Linnaean sycomore figFicus sycomorussubsp.sycomorus(Moraceae) is discussed. The name is lectotypified using an original illustration from Mattioli’sDe plantis epitome utilissima, and an epitype is also selected. The types of the nameF. sycomorussubsp.gnaphalocarpaand several synonyms are nomenclaturally revised.
Phylogeny ofNajas(Hydrocharitaceae) revisited: Implications for systematics and evolution
Authors: Ito Yu , Tanaka Norio , Gale Stephan W. , Yano Okihito , Li Jie
Published: April 2017

Najas(Hydrocharitaceae) is a cosmopolitan genus of 30‐40 species of aquatic plants. While an infrageneric subdivision into two subgenera is generally accepted, various sectional classifications proposed in subg.Cauliniahave been controversial. Earlier analyses identified tropical Asia, which harbors more than one‐third of all species, as the area of origin for the genus, but this inference requires re‐evaluation using worldwide taxon sampling. Polyploidy has been widely observed in the genus but its correlation with phylogeny has yet to be explored. Here we applied a molecular phylogenetic approach using balanced taxon sampling (1) to test infrageneric classifications, (2) to re‐assess biogeographic origin, and (3) to explore whether and how polyploidy characterizes evolutionary lineages. Our analyses of plastid and nuclear (ITS) DNA datasets produce largely congruent results that recover the two subgenera but find little support for most sectional classifications. To overcome this shortfall, we propose a new sectional classification of subg.Caulinia.The previously inferred tropical Asian origin of the genus is rejected and, instead, North America is discerned as the ancestral area, implicating dispersal of the most recent common ancestor ofNajasand its sister genera in Hydrocharitaceae from tropical Asia. Based on chromosome counts confirmed in the present study and those compiled from literature, the role of polyploidization in the evolution ofNajasis shown to be relatively limited, in contrast to the extreme infraspecific chromosome variation previously reported.
Producing a plant diversity portal for South Africa
Authors: le Roux M. Marianne , Wilkin Paul , Balkwill Kevin , Boatwright J. Stephen , Bytebier Benny , Filer Denis , Klak Cornelia , Klopper Ronell R. , Koekemoer Marinda , Livermore Laurence , Lubke Roy , Magee Anthony R. , Manning John C. , Paton Alan , Pearce Tim , Slingsby Jasper , van Wyk Ben-Erik , Victor Janine E. , von Staden Lize
Published: April 2017

Taxonomy provides a universal method to classify biodiversity at different scales locally and globally. Currently, existing taxonomic treatments are scattered, limiting their accessibility and utility. The Convention on Biological Diversity has responded to this challenge by setting the goal of compiling a World Flora Online (Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Target 1, 2011–2020). This can be done by aggregating electronically available information provided by each country, region or specialist group. Developing a Flora or a high‐level monographic product requires time and input from a large pool of taxonomic specialists. Completing a Flora may be difficult to accomplish for phytodiverse countries, such as South Africa, if the 2020 target is to be met. Fortunately, a large number of taxonomic contributions and many electronic tools exist that can enhance progress. Where these are available, efforts have to be made to access and digitise the literature. Here we describe a pragmatic approach to developing an online Flora, involving taking floristic information from multiple, previously published sources, digitising the legacy literature where needed and aggregating the required information into a single portal. South Africa is committed to producing an online Flora (the e‐Flora of South Africa) and contributing the information to the World Flora Online initiative following the aggregator portal approach, a method described here that might be useful for other countries with high phytodiversity.
Do Investors Care About Director Tenure? Insights from Executive Cognition and Social Capital Theories
Authors: Brown Jill A. , Anderson Anne , Salas Jesus M. , Ward Andrew J.
Published: April 2017

Governance scholars debate the value of directors as an effective governance mechanism. We suggest that this value varies with director tenure. We study both how shareholder assessments of the value of individual directors vary with director tenure and whether director tenure actually makes a practical difference to governance effectiveness. Using data from abnormal stock price reactions to the sudden deaths of 274 outside directors, and integrating executive cognition and social capital perspectives applied to the dual roles of director monitoring and advising, our results confirm a curvilinear relationship between the assessed value of directors and tenure. We find that directors are more highly valued by investors over a tenure period between 7 and 18 years, moderated by director involvement on key committees. Further, in examining the S&P 1,500, we find that a one standard deviation increase in the percentage of outside directors in this prime tenure period strengthens the CEO pay-performance linkage by 2.5%, suggesting that directors in this tenure period are more effective in aligning CEO and shareholder interests. Our results demonstrate that individual director tenure makes a difference in governance effectiveness, and shareholders accurately assess this difference. Additionally, our findings provide important boundary conditions for when theories of executive cognition and social capital may be more/less applicable regarding director tenure.
Care assistants' experiences of an ethics-in-care simulation project: letters to a friend
Authors: Gallagher Ann , Leng Jane
Published: April 2017

As part of an ethics education project, residential care staff took on the profile of an older person receiving care. The simulation experience took place over 24 hours, with care delivered by student nurses in a university skills suite. Some 6 weeks after the simulation experience, participants came together to reflect on their experience. They were invited to write a letter to a colleague describing their feelings and the impact of the simulation experience. Some 14 letters were analysed thematically. The sub-themes that emerged related to: experiencing vulnerability; loss of control through dependency; understanding the little things; and the impact on everyday care.

We conclude that care assistants' reflections are in keeping with insights from care ethics and that more such ethics education should be available.
Tackling comorbidity associated with rheumatic diseases in standard practice
Authors: Palmer Deborah , El Miedany Yasser
Published: April 2017

In spite of the dramatic improvement of the long-term prognosis of inflammatory arthritic conditions, patients living with arthritis remain more likely to have a shorter lifespan in contrast to the age-matched population without arthritis. This high incidence of morbidity-mortality has been attributed to an increased prevalence of comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease, infections, and the development of malignant space-occupying lesions. In spite of the published guidelines highlighting the importance of comorbidity assessment and management, implementing these recommendations in standard clinical practice remains a challenge for the treating rheumatologists and rheumatology nurse specialists. This article will review the challenge of comorbidity in inflammatory arthritic conditions and its dynamic nature, the impact on patient management, as well as recent trends in the screening and assessment of comorbidity risk in standard clinical practice.
Deprivation of liberty safeguard deaths: changes to reporting requirements
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: April 2017

Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, discusses changes to the requirement to report deaths of patients subject to a deprivation of liberty safeguards standard authorisation to the coroner
Using an index of wellbeing to help achieve optimum care for older people
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: April 2017

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses the quest by charity Age UK to better understand the experiences of older people to help it shape future health and social policy
Education does matter: nursing apprenticeships in the workforce
Authors: Rosser Elizabeth
Published: April 2017

Elizabeth Rosser, Deputy Dean (Education and Professional Practice) and Professor of Nursing, Bournemouth University, considers the concerns around seeing apprenticeships as a solution to the crisis in the workforce
Latest clinical research
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: April 2017

Mark Greener presents key studies published in healthcare journals
Nurse prescribing for common sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Keefe Alison
Published: April 2017

The role of the sexual health nurse is evolving, and nurses are increasingly charged with the delivery of care in this specialist arena. The nurse is pivotal in reducing barriers when dealing with stigmatised and vulnerable patients. History taking can often be a minefield, which requires accurate interpretation to expertly manage the patient. Testing from the correct sites and at the correct time will enable accurate diagnoses. Diagnosis can be made at time of presentation for some sexually transmitted infections and treatment started prior to confirmation with microbiological results. Prescribing decisions made with the patient will improve adherence and reduce onward transmission of sexually transmitted infections.
Introduction to pharmacodynamics
Authors: Robertson Deborah
Published: April 2017

In this second article in the series of ‘bite-sized’ pharmacology we will look at the principles of pharmacodynamics. It is important that prescribers are aware of the actions that drugs have on the body following administration. Prescribers should know the site of action (where the drug works), the mode of action (how the drug works) and the time to onset and duration of action (when the drug starts to work and how long for). This helps prescribers decide on drug choice, drug dose and the dose schedule as well as the length of time the drug needs to be prescribed for. This knowledge can also assist the prescriber in prediction and prevention (or minimising) of adverse drug reactions and to help educate their patients on possible side effects. In this article, we will look at sites of action: receptors, ion channels, enzymes, and transport systems. We will also introduce the concepts of agonism and antagonism and their relationship to mode of action.
Reflecting and improving on prescribing practice
Authors: Cox Ella
Published: April 2017

Ella Cox reflects on the past 6 months of prescribing and discusses some of the challenges her and her non-medical prescriber colleagues have faced this month
On a journey to solve multi-step problems
Authors: Davis John
Published: April 2017

With the season for holidays and travel fast approaching, journeys can provide an exciting context for calculations about flight durations, currencies and time zones.
Models to identify the effects of air resistance
Authors: Davis John
Published: April 2017

John Davis investigates the history and science of flight with paper model-making and hands-on experiments. Use these to help pupils acquire technical knowledge.
Aktivitäten des DBV-Landesverbandes für ein Niedersächsisches Bibliotheksgesetz
Authors: Roeder Corinna
Published: April 2017

Der Artikel schildert die Lobbyarbeit des Landesverbandes Niedersachsen im DBV für ein niedersächsisches Bibliotheksgesetz seit 2006 und stellt den 2010 verfassten Gesetzesentwurf des Landesverbandes kurz vor.
„Und täglich grüßt das Urheberrecht“
Authors: Beger Gabriele
Published: April 2017

Wer wissen möchte, was und wie nach § 52a UrhG an urheberrechtlich geschützten Werken genutzt werden darf, oder eine Antwort auf die Frage erwartet, wann Öffentliche Bibliotheken E-Books wie gedruckte Bücher ausleihen dürfen, wird in diesem Beitrag nur die halbe Antwort finden. Grund dafür ist, dass genau zu diesen Fragen im politischen Raum Entscheidungen anstehen, so dass die Aktualität der Antworten beim Erscheinen dieses Beitrages längst überholt sein könnte. Aber der Reihe nach:
Die Bernensia-Bibliothek der Universitätsbibliothek Bern – Konzept und Aufstellung eines neuen regionalen Angebots
Authors: Hayoz Thomas , Kirgus Isabelle
Published: April 2017

Im Zuge der Wiedereröffnung der ältesten öffentlichen Bibliothek der Stadt Bern, der heutigen Bibliothek Münstergasse, im Jahr 2016 wurde erstmals ein Präsenzangebot mit regionalen Publikationen realisiert. Die sogenannte Bernensia-Bibliothek versammelt Titel aus verschiedenen kantonal-bernischen Themenbereichen, die nach einer eigens kreierten Systematik aufgestellt sind. Mit Hilfe des physischen Webs kann von der Bernensia-Bibliothek ausgehend das komplementäre Online-Angebot zu Berner Themen angesteuert werden.
The consequences of being on the agenda: The effect of media and public attention on firms’ stock market performance
Authors: van der Meer Toni G. L. A. , Vliegenthart Rens
Published: April 2017

This study applies agenda setting theory to understand how firms’ financial performance is affected by both the news media
and the public agenda. Using content and time-series analysis for the data of five Dutch firms (period 2009−2013), we demonstrate
that media attention (newspaper coverage) and public attention (GoogleTrends search) for a firm affect stock market ratings.
As hypothesized, the effect of media attention was found to be negative whereas the effect of public attention was positive.
On Operator N and Wittgenstein’s Logical Philosophy
Authors: Connelly James R
Published: April 2017

In this paper, I provide a new reading of Wittgenstein’s N operator, and of its significance within his early logical philosophy. I thereby aim to resolve a longstanding scholarly controversy concerning the expressive completeness of N. Within the debate between Fogelin and Geach in particular, an apparent dilemma emerged to the effect that we must either concede Fogelin’s claim that N is expressively incomplete, or reject certain fundamental tenets within Wittgenstein’s logical philosophy. Despite their various points of disagreement, however, Fogelin and Geach nevertheless share several common and problematic assumptions regarding Wittgenstein’s logical philosophy, and it is these mistaken assumptions which are the source of the dilemma. Once we recognize and correct these, and other, associated expository errors, it will become clear how to reconcile the expressive completeness of Wittgenstein’s N operator, with several commonly recognized features of, and fundamental theses within, the Tractarian logical system.
Fluid Intelligence Predicts Novel Rule Implementation in a Distributed Frontoparietal Control Network
Authors: Tschentscher Nadja , Mitchell Daniel , Duncan John
Published: April 2017

Fluid intelligence has been associated with a distributed cognitive control or multiple-demand (MD) network, comprising regions of lateral frontal, insular, dorsomedial frontal, and parietal cortex. Human fluid intelligence is also intimately linked to task complexity, and the process of solving complex problems in a sequence of simpler, more focused parts. Here, a complex target detection task included multiple independent rules, applied one at a time in successive task epochs. Although only one rule was applied at a time, increasing task complexity (i.e., the number of rules) impaired performance in participants of lower fluid intelligence. Accompanying this loss of performance was reduced response to rule-critical events across the distributed MD network. The results link fluid intelligence and MD function to a process of attentional focus on the successive parts of complex behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFluid intelligence is intimately linked to the ability to structure complex problems in a sequence of simpler, more focused parts. We examine the basis for this link in the functions of a distributed frontoparietal or multiple-demand (MD) network. With increased task complexity, participants of lower fluid intelligence showed reduced responses to task-critical events. Reduced responses in the MD system were accompanied by impaired behavioral performance. Low fluid intelligence is linked to poor foregrounding of task-critical information across a distributed MD system.
Active Avoidance: Neural Mechanisms and Attenuation of Pavlovian Conditioned Responding
Authors: Boeke Emily A. , Moscarello Justin M. , LeDoux Joseph E. , Phelps Elizabeth A. , Hartley Catherine A.
Published: April 2017

Patients with anxiety disorders often experience a relapse in symptoms after exposure therapy. Similarly, threat responses acquired during Pavlovian threat conditioning often return after extinction learning. Accordingly, there is a need for alternative methods to persistently reduce threat responding. Studies in rodents have suggested that exercising behavioral control over an aversive stimulus can persistently diminish threat responses, and that these effects are mediated by the amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and striatum. In this fMRI study, we attempted to translate these findings to humans. Subjects first underwent threat conditioning. We then contrasted two forms of safety learning: active avoidance, in which participants could prevent the shock through an action, and yoked extinction, with shock presentation matched to the active condition, but without instrumental control. The following day, we assessed subjects' threat responses (measured by skin conductance) to the conditioned stimuli without shock. Subjects next underwent threat conditioning with novel stimuli. Yoked extinction subjects showed an increase in conditioned response to stimuli from the previous day, but the active avoidance group did not. Additionally, active avoidance subjects showed reduced conditioned responding during novel threat conditioning, but the extinction group did not. We observed between-group differences in striatal BOLD responses to shock omission in Avoidance/Extinction. These findings suggest a differential role for the striatum in human active avoidance versus extinction learning, and indicate that active avoidance may be more effective than extinction in persistently diminishing threat responses.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTExtinguished threat responses often reemerge with time, highlighting the importance of identifying more enduring means of attenuation. We compared the effects of active avoidance learning and yoked extinction on threat responses in humans and contrasted the neural circuitry engaged by these two processes. Subjects who learned to prevent a shock through an action maintained low threat responses after safety learning and showed attenuated threat conditioning with novel stimuli, in contrast to those who underwent yoked extinction. The results suggest that experiences of active control over threat engage the striatum and promote a shift from expression of innate defensive responses toward more adaptive behavioral responses to threatening stimuli.
PRDM16 represses the type I interferon response in adipocytes to promote mitochondrial and thermogenic programing
Authors: Kissig Megan , Ishibashi Jeff , Harms Matthew J , Lim Hee‐Woong , Stine Rachel R , Won Kyoung‐Jae , Seale Patrick
Published: April 2017

Brown adipose has the potential to counteract obesity, and thus, identifying signaling pathways that regulate the activity of this tissue is of great clinical interest. PRDM16 is a transcription factor that activates brown fat‐specific genes while repressing white fat and muscle‐specific genes in adipocytes. Whether PRDM16 also controls other gene programs to regulate adipocyte function was unclear. Here, we identify a novel role for PRDM16 in suppressing type I interferon (IFN)‐stimulated genes (ISGs), including Stat1, in adipocytes in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic activation of type I IFN signaling in brown adipocytes induces mitochondrial dysfunction and reduces uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. Prdm16‐deficient adipose displays an exaggerated response to type I IFN, including higher STAT1 levels and reduced mitochondrial gene expression. Mechanistically, PRDM16 represses ISGs through binding to promoter regions of these genes and blocking the activating function of IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF1). Together, these data indicate that PRDM16 diminishes responsiveness to type I IFN in adipose cells to promote thermogenic and mitochondrial function.
Poly‐GP in cerebrospinal fluid links C9orf72‐associated dipeptide repeat expression to the asymptomatic phase of ALS/FTD
Authors: Lehmer Carina , Oeckl Patrick , Weishaupt Jochen H , Volk Alexander E , Diehl‐Schmid Janine , Schroeter Matthias L , Lauer Martin , Kornhuber Johannes , Levin Johannes , Fassbender Klaus , Landwehrmeyer Bernhard ,   German Consortium for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, Schludi Martin H , Arzberger Thomas , Kremmer Elisabeth , Flatley Andrew , Feederle Regina , Steinacker Petra , Weydt Patrick , Ludolph Albert C , Edbauer Dieter , Otto Markus
Published: April 2017

The C9orf72 GGGGCC repeat expansion is a major cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (c9ALS/FTD). Non‐conventional repeat translation results in five dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs), but their clinical utility, overall significance, and temporal course in the pathogenesis of c9ALS/FTD are unclear, although animal models support a gain‐of‐function mechanism. Here, we established a poly‐GP immunoassay from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to identify and characterize C9orf72 patients. Significant poly‐GP levels were already detectable in asymptomatic C9orf72 mutation carriers compared to healthy controls and patients with other neurodegenerative diseases. The poly‐GP levels in asymptomatic carriers were similar to symptomatic c9ALS/FTD cases. Poly‐GP levels were not correlated with disease onset, clinical scores, and CSF levels of neurofilaments as a marker for axonal damage. Poly‐GP determination in CSF revealed a C9orf72 mutation carrier in our cohort and may thus be used as a diagnostic marker in addition to genetic testing to screen patients. Presymptomatic expression of poly‐GP and likely other DPR species may contribute to disease onset and thus represents an alluring therapeutic target.
Amorphometric study of condyloid process of dry human mandible for sexing from its shape
Authors: Gindha Gurbachan Singh , Singh Tejinder Pal , Sood Kuldip Singh , Maharana Sidharath Sankar
Published: April 2017

The mandible is having the condyloid process which articulates with the temporal fossa to form the temporomandibular joint, on which all the movements occur during the eating, chewing and even on talking also. It is having the articular facet on its head. This articulating facet is having different shapes and sizes which varies according to sex also. The shapes of condyloid processes are classified into four types i.e. convex, flat, rounded and angular. The size of the articular facet varies mandible to mandible and male to female. In the present study120 condyloid processes are studied and different shapes found were convex (55%), flat (20%), rounded (12.50%) and angled (12.50%). To measure the size of articular facet of the condyloid process of the mandible antero-posterior(AP) dimension from the anterior and posterior margins of the articular facet and medio-lateral(ML) dimension from the medial and lateral margins of the facets are taken with the help of vernier calliper. The mean of(AP) dimension of right and left condyles in male found to be (7.23±1.123)mm and (6.50±0.805)mm in females. The mean of medio-lateral dimension in male is (20.13±1.260)mm and in female it is (17.23±1.74)mm. As there is a difference in the size of condyloid process of male and female so the measurements are also helpful in determining the sex of the mandible. The present study is helpful for forensic dentistry, forensic medicine, orodental surgeons, traumatologists and plastic surgeons in the determination of sex of the mandible through the condyloid process of mandible and diagnosis and treatment of the patients.
KETERSEDIAAN IKAN UMPAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PERIKANAN RAWAI TUNA DI MALUKU TENGAH DAN KOTAMADYA AMBON
Authors: Sui La , Bustaman Sjahrul
Published: April 2017

Penelitian tentang ketersediaan ikan umpan dalam pengembangan perikanan rawai tuna (tuna long line) di Maluku Tengah dan di Ambon telah dilakukan dari bulan Juni sampai dengan Nopember 1994. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memberikan informasi mengenai alat tangkap, kapal penangkap, komposisi hasil tangkapan, sebaran ukuran panjang dan produksi ikan umpan.
O TRABALHO DO PEDAGOGO NOS INSTITUTOS FEDERAIS DE EDUCAÇÃO CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA: ALGUMAS ANÁLISES
Authors: Carrijo Carolina Ribeiro de Souza , Cruz Shirleide Pereira da Silva , Da Silva Kátia Augusta Curado Pinheiro Cordeiro
Published: April 2017

O texto trata da análise de como se dá o trabalho do pedagogo nos Institutos Federais de Ensino Ciencia e Tecnologia (IFs), Nesse sentido, partiu da seguinte questão de pesquisa: Como se apresenta o trabalho do pedagogo na educação profissional técnica e tecnológica dos Institutos Federais? Realizou-se por meio do levantamento de publicações de artigos sobre a atuação do pedagogo nos IFs em revistas dos próprios institutos entre o ano de criação dos institutos, 2008, até 2014 para uma análise do cenário de atuação desse profissional. Os resultados dessa análise apontaram que existe uma atuação do pedagogo técnico ligada aos processos de supervisão, gestão e administração escolar, exigindo do pedagogo a mobilização de amplos saberes que dão visão da totalidade educacional, envolvendo os conhecimentos didático-pedagógicos, administrativos e legais da educação.
SABERES DOCENTES NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL TÉCNICA DE NÍVEL MÉDIO: UMA PROPOSTA PARA A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DO IFAM – CAMPUS LÁBREA
Authors: Santos Antonio Paulino , Azavedo Rosa Oliveira Marins
Published: April 2017

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar os conceitos iniciais à compreensão da tecnologia e como ela deve ser usada para a realização de uma Educação Profissional mais humanizada. Abordará a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação e a organização da Educação Profissional Técnica de Nível Médio, bem como disponibilizar conhecimento acerca das tendências para a formação de professores, com ênfase aos Saberes Docentes elencados por Maurice Tardif. A metodologia utilizada foi leitura de literatura especializada (livros e artigos), fichamentos, sínteses e resenhas realizadas durante a disciplina ‘Fundamentos para a Formação de Professores no Ensino Tecnológico’, do Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Ensino Tecnológico (MPET) do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas (IFAM). O estudo mostra a necessidade de uma Educação Profissional mais humanizada na formação de professores do IFAM – Campus Lábrea e propõe a inserção de novos saberes para as práticas docentes, almejando o desenvolvimento da Educação Profissional Técnica de Nível Médio.
FORMAR-SE PARA ENSINAR: experiência de um Instituto Federal
Authors: Rodrigues Marcela Rubim Schwab Leite , Freitas M. C. S.
Published: April 2017

Este artigo compreende parte de trabalho de pesquisa de Mestrado Profissional em Educação na Área de Políticas Públicas e Gestão da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de Brasília e teve como objetivo geral analisar a contribuição do Curso de Especialização em Docência para Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica para a prática pedagógica dos docentes não licenciados do IFMS campus Coxim justificado pela necessidade e importância da formação pedagógica para ensinar. Os resultados do estudo revelaram que os saberes docentes dos professores não licenciados são fundamentados nas experiências acadêmicas e pessoais vivenciadas e que vão se solidificando e direcionando a prática docente por meio de formação continuada, pedagógica e/ou específica, a fim de constante atualização, acompanhamento do meio tecnológico e melhor formação do estudante. Todavia, evidenciou-se nos relatos que a formação pedagógica, ofertada por meio do curso de Especialização, contribuiu para construção do saber docente, especificamente pedagógica, dos professores não licenciados do IFMS campus Coxim, porém sem o caráter de terminalidade, sendo necessário, para tanto, oferta de programa de formação continuada e permanente para todos os professores, licenciados ou não, direcionada a construção do saber docente e coletivo para a Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT).
COMPREENDENDO A CONCEPÇÃO DO CURSO SUPERIOR DE TECNOLOGIA EM ANÁLISE E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SISTEMAS NO IFPR - CAMPUS IRATI
Authors: Fernandes Wesley Vinicius , Zontini Laynara dos Reis Santos , Zontini Diego Dutra
Published: April 2017

Esse artigo visa compreender como se deu a concepção do curso superior de Tecnologia em Análise e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas no IFPR – Campus Irati, tendo como objetivo o fortalecimento da sua identidade e historicidade. Utilizando os modos de proceder da pesquisa qualitativa fenomenológica, nos orientamos pela interrogação “Quais argumentos sustentaram a concepção do curso superior de Tecnologia em Análise e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas?”. Para isso, fomos ao encontro daqueles que participaram da decisão de abertura do curso, entrevistamos e transcrevemos essas entrevistas, passando a analisar fenomenologicamente os dados produzidos. As convergências dos ditos revelaram o fenômeno por meio de duas categorias: Características Sociopolíticas e Condições do IFPR – Campus Irati. Estas foram interpretadas, permitindo-nos compreender o fenômeno investigado.   Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que as orientações legais em relação a infraestrutura e o corpo docente foi um fator decisivo para a abertura especificamente desse curso. Além disso, havia uma expectativa de indução do desenvolvimento local, dada as características regionais que não deixam explícito uma demanda no mercado de trabalho para a Informática.
A PERTINÊNCIA DO ENFOQUE CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E SOCIEDADE (CTS) NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA
Authors: Do Nascimento Augusto Sávio Guimarães , Rodrigues M. F. , Nunes Albino O.
Published: April 2017

Considerando que a formação profissional e tecnológica ainda está muito ligada a enfoques eminentemente técnicos, as influências recíprocas entre as trocas sociais e os desenvolvimentos científicos e tecnológicos encontrar-se num ponto de indefinição.  Este artigo tem o propósito de discutir possibilidades de inclusão, nos planos de ensino, as abordagens CTS, que permita uma possível aproximação dialógica entre a natureza social da ciência e da tecnologia com a Educação Profissional. Ciente da impossibilidade de responder de forma conclusiva a essa questão de estudo, este trabalho pretende ser ponto de partida para reflexões e diálogos futuros. Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os objetivos do movimento CTS no campo educacional e do Trabalho e Educação, busca-se apresentar abordagens pertinentes do desenvolvimento desta temática de modo a não privilegiar somente o sistema de produção, mas, sim, oportunizar a construção de uma concepção social do contexto científico-tecnológico.