bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An immunohistochemical study on the presence of nitric oxide synthase isoforms (nNOS, iNOS, eNOS) in the spinal cord and nodose ganglion of rats receiving ionising gamma radiation to their liver
Authors: Yılmaz Osman , Soygüder Zafer , Keleş Ömer Faruk , Yaman Turan , Yener Zabit , Uyar Ahmet , Çakır Tahir
Published: September 2020

Introduction

This study determined the presence of nitric oxide synthesis isoforms (nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS) in thoracic spinal cord segments and nodose ganglia of rats with gamma-irradiated livers.

Material and Methods

Male rats (n = 32) were divided into equal groups A, B, C, and D. In group A, the controls, no radiation was applied, while groups B, C, and D received 10 Gy of ionising gamma radiation. The rats of group B were euthanized at the end of the first day (d1), those of group C on the second day (d2), and those of group D on the third day (d3). The liver, spinal cord segments, and nodose ganglion tissues were dissected and fixed, and the liver sections were examined histopathologically. The other tissues were observed through a light microscope.

Results

Regeneration occurred at the end of d3 in hepatocytes which were radiation-damaged at the end of d1 and d2. On d1, some nNOS-positive staining was found in the neuronal cells of laminae I–III of the spinal cord and in neurons of the nodose ganglion, and on d3, some staining was observed in lamina X of the spinal cord, while none of note was in the nodose ganglion. Dense iNOS-positive staining was seen on d1 in the ependymal cells of the spinal cord and in the glial cells of the nodose ganglion, and on d3, there was still considerable iNOS staining in both tissues. There was clear eNOS-positive staining in the capillary endothelial cells of the spinal cord and light diffuse cytoplasmic staining in the neurons of the nodose ganglion on d1, and on d3, intense eNOS-positive staining was visible in several endothelial cells of the spinal cord, while light nuclear staining was recognised in the neurons of the nodose ganglion.

Conclusion

The nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS isoforms are activated in the spinal cord and nodose ganglion of rats after ionising radiation insult to the liver.
Colistin resistance of non-pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli occurring as natural intestinal flora in broiler chickens treated and not treated with colistin sulphate
Authors: Majewski Michał , Łukomska Anna , Wilczyński Jarosław , Wystalska Danuta , Racewicz Przemysław , Nowacka-Woszuk Joanna , Pszczola Marcin , Anusz Krzysztof
Published: September 2020

Introduction

A significant threat to public health is presented by antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, selective pressure on which results from antibiotic use. Colistin is an antibiotic commonly used in veterinary medicine, but also one of last resort in human medicine. Since the 2015 discovery in China of the mcr-1 gene encoding colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae, other countries have noted its presence. This study was to find the mcr-1 gene prevalence in E. coli isolated from poultry slaughtered in Poland.

Material and Methods

Cloacal swabs were taken from December 2017 to October 2018 from broiler chickens in three regions. The samples (n = 158) were grouped as flocks treated with colistin sulphate (n = 87) and those not treated (n = 71). Resistance to antimicrobials commonly used in poultry was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration. The presence of the mcr-1 gene was confirmed by PCR.

Results

Isolates containing the mcr-1 gene were yielded by 11.27% of the samples from not treated flocks and 19.54% of those from treated flocks, but no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of the gene was seen between the groups.

Conclusion

The results clearly preclude intensification of selective pressure for colistin resistance due to colistin sulphate treatment because they show that the avian gastrointestinal tract was already inhabited by colistin-resistant E. coli by the time the chickens came to the poultry house.
The verbal component of the modern time diplomatic wars (linguostatistical analysis)
Authors: Belyakov M. V.
Published: September 2020

A new interpretation of a “diplomatic war” is considered in the context of changed diplomatic communication – a complex organized system consisting of various components: diplomatic, political, economic, historical, legal, linguistic, and other. The article analyzes the examples of the verbal component of diplomatic communication on the basis of the communicative tactics in the process of information and diplomatic war, currently developing in international relations. The research material includes texts of speeches made by the Permanent Representative of Russia to the UN Security Council V.A. Nebenzya and the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Ukraine P. Klimkin (2014-2019) in a situation of diplomatic confrontation. The strategies of verbal confrontation, and the characteristics of emotivity and clichéd character of a diplomatic text are considered; the concept of implicitly evaluative diplomatic cliché is introduced. UN Security Council speeches are singled out into a separate subgenre of public speeches and verbal and structural characteristics of speeches obtained by quantitative computer tools are analyzed. Based on the results of quantitative linguistic analysis and the analysis of the extralinguistic situation, a linguopragmatic model of the speech situation of a diplomatic confrontation is suggested.
Modern Russia in focus of phraseology (based on the material of english language mediatexts)
Authors: Filichkina T. P.
Published: September 2020

The article focuses on the usage of idioms for characterizing the image of Russia in the English language media discourse. To understand the meaning of the phraseological unit one should apply the method of discourse analysis. The discourse analysis of the mediatext takes into account extra-linguistic, linguistic and cognitive factors. Extra-linguistic factors include political situation, current events, and ideology of a state and media outlet. Linguistic analysis provides for the investigation of the semantics of the idiom and its connotative potential. Cognitive analysis shows the intentions of the author to create either positive or negative opinion of events described. Connotative meaning is determined by means of linguocognitive analysis considering extra-linguistic factors. The semantics of the idiom contains subjective modalities (axiological, emotive and deontic) representing different assessments of the reality. Modality can be identified with cognitive-modal operators specifying different types of evaluation: rational, emotional, normative. The analysis of the semantic structure of phraseological units is conducted in our research. It is aimed at characterizing the role of Russia in the global world by means of idioms. The discourse approach enables to determine the connotative potential of phraseological units and to describe the image of our country in the English language mass media.
Does job value boost self-efficacy and protect against burnout among teachers in Oman?
Authors: Abu-Hilal Maher , AlDhafri Said , Kilani Hashem , Kazem Ali , Qaryouti Ibrahim , Al Kharousi Hussein
Published: September 2020

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to examine if the perception of teaching value and a teacher's self-efficacy (SE) are related to burnout. Previous research has shown a strong relation between teachers SE and burnout. Rarely, however, job value has been included in any of the previous studies.Method. A stratified random sample (N =2446) of Omani teachers was drawn. Three measures: Job value, Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) and the teachers' sense of efficacy scale (TSES) were used. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the proposed factor structure of the measures as well as the proposed structural model.Results. The invariance tests proved that the structure of constructs and the relations between constructs were invariant across gender. Job value significantly related to both SE and burnout dimensions. Consistent with predictions, SE of student engagement related to all three burnout dimensions; whereas the other two dimensions of SE didn’t relate to burnout dimensions in the expected direction. Job value and SE explained significant variances in each of the burnout dimensions.Discussion and Conclusion. The results of this study highlight the importance of job value and SE of engaging students as cognitive self-regulatory mechanisms used in the stressful situations like teaching and to help control stress and burnout. Ministry of education, media and socity at large should be aware of the social status of teaching and teachers and provide more respect to the teachers and their job. Such respect would improve the morale of teachers and help them become more efficacious and less exhausted.
An effective intervention can contribute to enhancing social integration while reducing perceived stress in children
Authors: Carro Natalia , D'Adamo Paola , Lozada Mariana
Published: September 2020

Introduction.  This investigation evaluates whether an intervention involving mindfulness-based practices, socio-affective activities, and socio-cognitive instances can foster prosocial attitudes and positive social relationships, and reduce perceived stress in children. Method.  The study was conducted with 44 children (20 girls and 24 boys) aged between 6 and 8 (M= 7.25 years, SD= 0.43), and followed a quasi experimental wait list design with two measurement time points (pre and post intervention). We analyzed relative changes in social integration, universal altruism and perceived stress levels.  Results.  Our results revealed that children who participated in the intervention showed  an enhancement in social integration and universal altruism tests, and a decrease in the perceived stress indices. That is, children chose more peers as playmates and rejected fewer of them, while evidencing more prosocial attitudes. Discussion and Conclusion.  Our findings suggest that this kind of intervention can contribute to fostering social integration and prosociality while promoting children’s health and wellbeing from an early age.
Understanding adolescents’ moral stance on examination malpractice through the lenses of parenting styles, test anxiety, and their academic self-efficacy
Authors: Nwosu Kingsley Chinaza , Nwasor Victor Chekume , Onyebuchi Geoffrey C. , Nwanguma Victor C
Published: September 2020

Introduction.  The increasing complex nature of academic dishonesty demands that empirical models are built to explain the psychosocial and motivational variables involved in the way examination malpractice is morally viewed by adolescents. This has been underexplored in Nigeria over the years given that available studies have not utilized designs that could give comprehensive understanding of pathways through which moral views of adolescents on examination malpractice could be predicted. Method.  This study developed an empirical model using path analysis to explain the direct and indirect effects of parenting styles, test anxiety, academic self-efficacy on adolescents’ moral stance on examination malpractice scenarios. The multivariate predictor correlational research design was adopted. Dimensions of the parenting styles served as exogeneous variables while test anxiety, self-efficacy and moral stance on examination malpractice served as endogeneous variables with test anxiety and self-efficay serving as mediators. The sample size was made up of 741 senior seconday school students, classs one (SS1) from 15 secondary schools located in southeast geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Results.  Findings showed, among others, that the final hypothesized model fit the data satisfactorily and that permissive parenting style and test anxiety significantly and positively predicted adolescents’ amoral stance on examination malpractice while authoritative parenting negatively predicted their amoral stance on examination malpractice. Permissive parenting style had both direct and indirect significant effects on adolescents’ moral stance on examination malpractice. Discussion and Conclusion.  Discussion was based on the findings resulting to the conclusión that inappropriate parenting style and problematic psychological dispositions are factors that could influence the moral views of adolescents. For appropriate intervention to be mounted for students, there is the need to incorporate how adolescents are trained by their parents.
Synthesis and styrene copolymerization of novel fluoro and iodomethoxy ring-disubstituted isobutyl phenylcyanoacrylates
Authors: Alam Umamah , Higgs Magen A. , Ho Kelly C. , Huffman Kristin N. , Johnson Alexis L. , Kapica Paulina , Knight Melanie A. , Lehan Ashley , Guyn Christina , Hryhorysak Briana N. , Rocus Sara M. , Schjerven William S. , Kharas Gregory
Published: September 2020

Novel ring-disubstituted isobutyl phenylcyanoacrylates, RPhCH=C(CN)CO2CH2CH(CH3)2 (where R is 2-fluoro-3-methoxy, 2-fluoro-4-methoxy, 2-fluoro-5-methoxy, 2-fluoro-6-methoxy, 3-fluoro-4-methoxy, 4-fluoro-3-methoxy, 5-fluoro-2-methoxy, 3-iodo-4-methoxy, 5-iodo-2-methoxy) were synthesized by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring-disubstituted benzaldehydes and isobutyl cyanoacetate and characterized by CHN analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR. The acrylates were copolymerized with styrene in solution with radical initiation (ABCN) at 70C. The compositions of the copolymers were calculated from nitrogen analysis.
Molecular dynamics approach for capturing calixarenes--proteins interactions: the case of cytochrome c
Authors: Bartocci Alessio , szczepaniak florence , Jiang Tao , Gillet Natacha , Dumont Elise
Published: September 2020

Here, we propose a molecular dynamics investigation of the supramolecular association of sulfonatedcalix-[8]-arenes to cytochrome c. The binding sites prone to interactions with sulfonated calixarenescan be identified without prior knowledge of the X-ray structure, and the binding free energiesestimated by molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) post-analysis arefound to be in neat agreement with the isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurements The per-residuedecomposition reveals the detailed picture of this electrostatically-driven association and notably therole of the arginine R13 as a bridge residue between the two main anchoring sites. In addition,the analysis of the residue behavior by means of a supervised machine learning protocol unveils the formation of an hydrogen bond network far from the binding sites, increasing the rigidity of theprotein.
Can Oppositely Charged Polyelectrolyte Stars Form a Gel? A Simulational Study
Authors: Tagliabue Andrea , Landsgesell Jonas , Mella Massimo , Holm Christian
Published: September 2020

We present a Langevin molecular dynamics study of an equimolar mixture of

monodispersed oppositely charged di-block four-armed polyelectrolyte stars. We use

an implicit solvent coarse-grained representation of the polyelectrolyte stars and varied

the length of the terminal charged blocks that reside on each arm. By varying the

polymer concentration we computed P-V diagrams and determined the free-swelling

equilibrium concentration with respect to a pure water reservoir as a function of the

charged block length. We investigate various structural properties of the resulting

equilibrium structures, like the number of ionic bonds, dangling arms, isolated stars,

and cluster sizes. The ionic bonds feature a broad distribution of the number of arms

involved and also display a distribution of net charges peaked around the neutral ionic

bond. Our main result is that for charged block length equal to 4 and 5 ionized beads

the resulting macro-aggregate spans the box and forms a network phase. Furthermore,

we investigated the dynamics of ionic bonds, and computed their lifetimes and turing dynamics. The bonds are weak enough to allow a network restructuring under

thermal fluctuations but are still strong enough to yield a stable gel phase.
Computational Screening of Doped Graphene Electrodes for Alkaline CO2 Reduction
Authors: Verma Anand Mohan , Honkala Karoliina , Melander Marko
Published: September 2020

The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is considered as one of the most promising approaches to synthesizing carbonaceous fuels and chemicals without utilizing fossil resources. However, current technologies are still in the early phase focusing primarily on identifying optimal electrode materials and reaction conditions. Doped graphene-based materials are among the best CO2RR electrocatalysts and in the present work we have performed a computational screening study to identify suitable graphene catalysts for CO2RR to CO under alkaline conditions. Several types of modified-graphene frameworks doped with metallic and non-metallic elements were considered. After establishing thermodynamically stable electrodes, the electrochemical CO2RR to CO is studied in the alkaline media. Both concerted proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) and decoupled proton and electron transfer (ETPT) mechanisms were considered by developing and using a generalization of the computational hydrogen electrode approach. It is established that the CO2 electrosorption and associated charge transfer along the ETPT pathway are of utmost importance and significantly impact the electrochemical thermodynamics of CO2RR. Our study suggests an exceptional performance of metal-doped nitrogen-coordinated graphene electrodes, especially 3N-coordinated graphene electrodes.
Thermodynamic Discrimination Between Energy Sources for Chemical Reactions
Authors: Schiffer Zachary , Limaye Aditya , Manthiram Karthish
Published: September 2020

Chemical transformations traverse large energy differences, yet the choice of energy source to drive a chemical reaction is often decided on a case-by-case basis; there is no fundamentally-driven, universal framework with which to analyze and compare the choice of energy source for chemical reactions. In this work, we present a reaction-independent expression for the equilibrium constant as a function of temperature, pressure, and voltage. With a specific set of axes, all reactions can be represented by a single (x,y) point and a quantitative divide between electrochemically and thermochemically driven reactions is visually evident. In addition, we show that our expression has a strong physical basis in work and energy fluxes to the system, although more specific data about reaction operation is necessary to provide a quantitative energy analysis. Overall, this universal equation and facile visualization of chemical reactions enables quick and informed justification for electrochemical versus thermochemical energy sources without knowledge of detailed process parameters.
Pd Supported Catalysts with Intrinsic Surface Electropositive Sites for Improved Selective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde
Authors: Vatti Surya Kumar , Krishnamurthy Kandasamy Konda R , Viswanathan Balasubramanian
Published: September 2020

Uniform-spherical Pd nanoparticles (NPs) supported catalysts were prepared by a mild-temperature chemical reduction method. Pd colloidal suspension was wet-impregnated on various supports, P25-TiO2, SiO2, and γ-Al2O3. In XPS, asymmetric Pd 3d5/2 peak reveals % surface concentration of Pd2+ and Pd0 species. The surface Pd2+/Pd0 ratio on the catalyst surface varied between ~1 to 0.15 depending on strong-metal support interactions (SMSI) inferred from XPS and H2-TPR studies. A linear correlation between Pd2+/Pd0 ratio and turnover frequency (TOF) was observed, with 1% Pd/P25-TiO2 showing the highest TOF/selectivity with Pd2+/Pd0 ratio ~1.0, whereas 1% Pd/γ-Al2O3 showed the lowest TOF/selectivity with lowest Pd2+/Pd0 ratio 0.15. Interestingly, H2-TPR reveals PdH decomposition peaks along with the Ti4+ reduction peak, and XPS Ti 2p of 1% Pd/P25-TiO2 indicates the presence of Ti3+ in TiO2 lattice, which may have generated due to H2-spillover from Pd to P25-TiO2. Hence, we observed excellent COL selectivity (~90%) and 100 % conversion with 1.5% Pd/P25-TiO2 catalyst. Excellent COL selectivity may be ascribed to small Pd NPs (~3 nm) with intrinsic surface electropositive sites (Pd2+) created by partial reduction on the catalyst surface along with SMSI. These electropositive sites (Pd2+) promote preferential C=O adsorption. On the other hand, post-reduced catalyst in H2 @300 °C (1% Pd/P25-TiO2-PRH2) with large Pd NPs (~7 nm) showed significant selectivity loss (>50 %), which confirm significance of small Pd NPs with electropositive sites.
Polymer Microarrays Rapidly Identify Competitive Adsorbents of Virus-like Particles (VLPs)
Authors: Blok Andrew J. , Gurnani Pratik , Xenopoulos Alex , Burroughs Laurence , Duncan Joshua , Urbanowicz Richard , Tsoleridis Theocharis , Müller Helena , Strecker Thomas , Ball Jonathan , Alexander Cameron , Alexander Morgan
Published: September 2020

Here we show that an adaption of polymer micro array method for screening bacterial-surface interactions allows for screening of polymers for desirable material-viron interactions. Non-pathogenic virus like particles including fluorophores are exposed to the arrays in aqueous buffer as a simple model of virons carried to the surface in saliva/sputum. Competitive binding of Lassa and Rubella particles is measured to probe the relative binding properties of a selection of copolymers. This provides the first step in the development of a method for discovery of novel materials with promise for viral binding, with the next being development of this method to assess absolute viral adsorption and assessment of the attenuation of the activity of live virus which we propose would be part of a material scale up step carried out in biological laboratory safety level 3 facilities and the use of more complex media to represent biological fluids.
From Zero- to Three-Dimensional Heterobimetallic Coordination Polymers with the [Pt{SSC-N(CH2COO)2}2]4– Metalloligand
Authors: Liebing Phil , Oehler Florian , Witzorke Juliane , Schmeide Marten
Published: September 2020

Heterobimetallic compounds of the type M’2[Pt(L)2] (L = N-dithioato-iminodiacetate, {SSC-N(CH2COO)2}3–) containing different bivalent, oxophilic metals M’ were prepared in a straightforward manner from [Pt(H2L)2] and the respective metal acetates, M’(OAc)2 (M’ = Mg–Ba, M–Cu, Cd). X-ray structure determination revealed that the products exist as zero- (Mg), one- (Mn), two- (Fe, Co, Ni, Cd), or three-dimensional (Sr) assemblies in the solid state. As a result, the water solubilities and thermal stabilities of the products cover much wider ranges than it has been seen with M’2[M(L)2] compounds having different thiophilic metal centers (M = Ni, Pd, Pt). While most of the compounds show a typical diamagnetic (Mg–Ba, Cd) or paramagnetic (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu) behaviour at ambient temperature, for Fe2[Pt(L)2] ·4 H2O an antiferromagnetic interaction of the Fe atoms is assumed.
Awareness Of Risk Factors Associated With Obesity Among Homemakers
Authors: Akifa begum  , Kavitha S  , Sridevi G  , Vishnupriya V  , Gayathri R
Published: September 2020

Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health. There are many reasons why a person becomes obese, and in case of homemakers, the main cause of obesity can be their sleeping habits, or the type of food they eat regularly, or lack of physical exercises. There are many risk factors of obesity which the homemakers should be aware of to reduce the chances of obesity and keep their lives healthy. The aim of the study was to create awareness on risk factors of obesity among homemakers. A questionnaire was prepared and circulated via an online platform. The data were collected, tabulated and analysed using SPSS software. Descriptive analysis and chi-square association test was performed. According to the results observed, an average of 83% of the participants is aware of the risk factors of obesity. 75.6% of the participants are aware that obesity causes heart diseases and digestive problems. The conclusion is that the majority of the homemakers are aware of the risk factors of obesity.
Awareness about harmful effects of aerosol contamination among dental students
Authors: Nithyanandham Masilamani  , Dhanraj Ganapathy
Published: September 2020

Possible mechanisms for the transmission of disease in the dental office include close communication with body fluids of patients, interaction with surfaces and instruments which have already been besmirched by the patient, and also interaction with unavoidable particles from patient which have been dispersed airborne. This survey was performed with purpose of assessing the awareness about harmful effects of aerosol contamination in clinical practice among the dental students. A Questionnaire containing ten questions about the awareness and attitudes of dental students toward the harmful effects of aerosol contamination in clinical practice. Then this questionnaire was piloted and distributed to 100 dental students, and information about the opinions and attitudes of dentists aerosol contamination.salivary transmission of aerosols, procedures causing aerosol contamination, use of rubber dam in preventing contamination and use of personal protection equipments were obtained. The collected data were statistically analysed. 87% of the students were aware of harmful effects of areosol contamination.78% were aware of the salivary transmission of aerosol contamination. The awareness about harmful effects of aerosols is adequate among dental students. It is conceivable to limit the hazard with generally basic and reasonable safety measures.
Awareness About Medicinal Uses of Costus Pictus Plant Among Dental Students
Authors: Saivarshine  , Dhanraj Ganapathy  , Keerthi Sasanka
Published: September 2020

Costus igneus, typically known as searing costus, is native to South America ordinarily known as the insulin plant. It is typically grown in gardens mostly as a decorative herb in South India and is further out of control in other areas. It is used in India to combat hyperglycaemia and many other diseases. This survey was performed with the purpose of assessing the knowledge and the awareness about the Costus pictus medicinal plant amongst dental students. A cross-sectional survey was performed with a self-administered questionnaire with ten questions circulated among 100 dental students. The questionnaire assessed the awareness about Costus pictus plant, their medicinal uses, antidiabetic activity, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The responses were recorded and analysed.93% of the respondents were not aware of medical uses of Costus pictus .95% were not aware of antidiabetic activity of Costus pictus .97 % were not aware of the antioxidant activity of Costus pictus. Again 97% were not aware of the antimicrobial activity of Costus pictus. The knowledge and awareness about the medicinal Costus plant were less among dental students and awareness was created about its medicinal uses.
CHIẾT XUẤT PECTIN TỪ VỎ DƯA HẤU ỨNG DỤNG CHẾ BIẾN MỨT ĐÔNG KHÓM VÀ NHA ĐAM
Authors: Đông Nguyễn Kim , Mạnh Lê Hùng , Huyền Trân Lâm Thị
Published: September 2020

Dưa hấu là một loại trái cây nhiệt đới phổ biến và có sản lượng lớn do được trồng rải vụ quanh năm ở đồng bằng sông Cửu Long. Khi nhu cầu sử dụng và chế biến sản phẩm từ dưa hấu ngày càng tăng thì nguồn phụ phẩm vỏ dưa hấu thải ra môi trường ngày càng lớn. Mục tiêu chính của nghiên cứu là chiết xuất pectin từ vỏ dưa hấu nhằm giảm ô nhiễm môi trường và tận dụng được nguồn phụ phẩm. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm xác định các thông số tối ưu trong quá trình chiết xuất pectin như thời gian, nhiệt độ, dung môi và tỷ lệ nguyên liệu: nước. Nồng độ pectin sử dụng cho sản phẩm mứt đông khóm và nha đam lần lượt là 0%, 0,5%, 1%, 1,5%, 2% cho quá trình tạo gel. Kết quả cho thấy khi sử dụng acid nitric ở pH 1,65; dung môi kết tủa là isopropanol, tỷ lệ nguyên liệu: nước là 0,05 g/mL; nhiệt độ 95oC trong 90 phút sẽ thu được pectin với hàm lượng cao. Nồng độ pectin thích hợp tạo gel cho mứt đông là 1,5%. Quy trình chiết xuất pectin khá đơn giản có thể áp dụng trong sản xuất quy mô phòng thí nghiệm và công nghiệp.
KHẢO SÁT CÁC ĐIỀU KIỆN THÍCH HỢP ĐỂ XÁC ĐỊNH CÁC VI NHỰA (MPs) TRONG MẪU CÁ
Authors: Mỹ Trần Thị Ái , Dũng Phạm Thế
Published: September 2020

Trong nghiên cứu này, các điều kiện khác nhau như các dung dịch phân hủy mẫu (axit, bazơ, H2O2), nhiệt độ và thời gian đã được khảo sát để xác định MPs trong các mẫu cá. Điều kiện phân hủy mẫu thích hợp là dung dịch KOH 10% theo tỉ lệ 10:1 v:w (10 ml KOH 10% tương ứng với 1,0 g mẫu cá) trong 48 giờ, ở 40 °C. Các dung dịch tách nổi polymer như NaI, NaCl, KCl, ZnCl2 cũng đã được khảo sát để lựa chọn. Dung dịch phù hợp để tách nổi các polymer trong dịch chiết mẫu cá sau quá trình phân hủy mẫu là NaCl 2 M. Từ các điều kiện phân tích đã chọn, xác định hàm lượng MPs trong cá nục (Decapterus lajang) cho kết quả là 1,1 ± 0,2 MPs/g mẫu ướt hay 65,4 ± 12,6/cá thể.
Identificación y perfil de sensibilidad de Candida spp. aisladas de hemocultivos en hospitales de Paraguay
Authors: Aguilar Gustavo , Araujo Patricia , Lird Graciela , Insaurralde Sonia , Kawabata Aníbal , Ayala Edelira , Irala Juan , Argüello Rocío
Published: September 2020

Objetivo. Reportar las especies identificadas en candidemias aisladas en hospitales del país, su distribución según los grupos etarios y determinar la sensibilidad a fluconazol, voriconazol y anfotericina B.

Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de candidemias reportados por siete hospitales al Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública en el período 2010 - 2018. La identificación y el antifungigrama fueron realizados en el sistema automatizado Vitek®2.

Resultados. Se informaron 520 casos de candidemias. Las especies prevalentes fueron Candida albicans (34,4%), C. parapsilosis (30,4%), C. tropicalis (25,4%), C. glabrata (4,8%), C. krusei (2,1%). Otras menos frecuentes fueron: C. lusitaniae (1,2%), C. guilliermondii (1%), C. famata (0,3%), C. rugosa (0,2%) y C. kefyr (0,2%). Las candidemias en ancianos (48,5%) y adultos (29,9%) fueron las más prevalentes. C. parapsilosis fue más frecuente en recién nacidos y lactantes y C. tropicalis en pacientes pediátricos. El 2,8 % y 0,6% de C. albicans y el 4,4% y 2,5% de C. parapsilosis fueron resistentes a fluconazol y voriconazol, respectivamente. El 8% de C. glabrata fue resistente a fluconazol y dos aislamientos presentaron una concentración inhibitoria mínima para voriconazol mayor que 0,25 mg/L.

Conclusiones. Este es el primer reporte de candidemias en hospitales de Paraguay que, junto a otros estudios, permitirá un mejor conocimiento de esta infección en el país.
Desigualdades sociales relacionadas con la resistencia a antimicrobianos de N. gonorrhoeae en Colombia
Authors: Rivillas-García Juan Carlos , Sanchez Sandra Marcela , Rivera-Montero Danny
Published: September 2020

Objetivo. Medir desigualdades sociales en la resistencia antimicrobiana de la Neisseria gonorrhoeae en Colombia.

Médos. Estudio ecológico utilizando un multipanel de datos desagregado a nivel subnacional de los aislamientos en la N. gonorrhoeae como proxy de resistencia antimicrobiana (RAM) entre 2009 y 2018. Se llevó a cabo una caracterización sociodemográfica, un análisis de la sensibilidad antimicrobiana de aislamientos de N. gonorrhoeae, y una medición de desigualdades en la RAM para la N. gonorrhoeae mediante el índice de desigualdad de la pendiente, el índice de desigualdad relativo y el índice de concentración.

Resultados. Los hallazgos indican resistencia antimicrobiana de aislamientos de N. gonorrhoeae a penicilina (50,7%) y tetraciclina (67,3%); y la existencia de desigualdades absolutas y relativas durante el período analizado. Las barreras de acceso a servicios de salud, no haber recibido información de prevención de las infecciones de transmisión sexual, necesidades básicas insatisfechas y analfabetismo explicaron las desigualdades en la RAM de la N. gonorrhoeae.

Conclusiones. Seis recomendaciones emergen para contener en gran medida la RAM en la N. gonorrhoeae: i) aumentar conciencia sobre la salud sexual y reproductiva segura; ii) repensar cómo entregar mensajes claves con enfoque de equidad; iii) mejorar los sistemas de información, prescripción y cadena de medicamentos; iv) crear coaliciones para mejorar la respuesta y compartir objetivos con el sector privado; v) mejorar la disponibilidad y desagregación de los datos; y vi) apoyar investigaciones en desigualdades en RAM.
Plasmidic resistance to colistin mediated by mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli clinical isolates in Argentina: A retrospective study, 2012–2018
Authors: Faccone Diego , Rapoport Melina , Albornoz Ezequiel , Celaya Federico , De Mendieta Juan , De Belder Denise , Lucero Celeste , Gomez Sonia , Danze Diego , Pasteran Fernando , Corso Alejandra , Mobilizable Colistin Resistance Group
Published: September 2020

Objective. To describe the resistance profile and the genetic characteristics of Escherichia coli isolates that harbor the mobilizable colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in Argentina.

Methods. This was a retrospective study of 192 E. coli isolates positive for mcr-1 obtained from 69 hospitals of Buenos Aires City and 14 Argentinean provinces in 2012 – 2018. The antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by agar diffusion, broth macrodilution, and/or agar dilution. Standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect resistance genes and incompatibility groups; specific PCR was applied to discriminate between blaCTX-M allelic groups and mcr-1.5 variant. The genetic relatedness among isolates was evaluated by XbaI-pulsed field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing in a subset of isolates.

Results. All E. coli isolates showed minimal inhibitory concentrations to colistin = 4µg/mL; nearly 50% were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, with CTX-M-2 being the main extended-spectrum β-lactamase detected. Five E. coli were carbapenemase-producers (3 NDM, 2 KPC). The mcr-1.5 variant was detected in 13.5% of the isolates. No genetic relationship was observed among the mcr-1-positive E. coli clinical isolates, but a high proportion (164/192; 85.4%) of IncI2 plasmids was detected.

Conclusions. The presence of IncI2 plasmids among highly diverse E. coli clones suggests that the mcr-1 gene’s wide distribution in Argentina may be driven by the horizontal transmission of IncI2 plasmids.
Impact of a pharmacist-driven antimicrobial stewardship program in a private hospital in Costa Rica
Authors: Díaz-Madriz José Pablo , Cordero-García Eugenia , Chaverri-Fernández José Miguel , Zavaleta-Monestel Esteban , Murillo-Cubero Josué , Piedra-Navarro Hellen , Hernández-Guillén Marian , Jiménez-Méndez Tiffany
Published: September 2020

Objective. To measure the impact generated by the implementation of the pharmacy-driven antimicrobial stewardship program of the Clínica Bíblica Hospital.

Methods. This is a retrospective observational study that evaluates the consumption of antibiotics for the periods before and during implementation of the Clínica Bíblica Hospital antimicrobial stewardship program, calculated by means of defined daily dose per 1 000 patient-days and days of therapy per 1 000 patient-days. In addition, bacterial resistance patterns for the periods 2014–2015 and 2016–2017 were compared.

Results. Consumption of most-used antibiotics was calculated, looking for trends that might be associated with the activities implemented by the Clínica Bíblica Hospital antimicrobial stewardship program. Comparing some of the antibiotics with the highest consumption in periods I and II, use of levofloxacin and ceftriaxone showed a decrease of 54.0% (p < 0.001) and 14.6% (p = 0.003), respectively, whereas there was an increase in the use of cefazolin of 4 539.3% (p < 0.001). Regarding percentage of bacterial resistance, in most bacterial isolates no statistically significant changes were observed between the two periods.

Conclusions. A reduction in the overall consumption of antibiotics has been achieved over time, most likely attributable to the antimicrobial stewardship program. However, this trend was not observed for all the antibiotics studied. The pattern of resistance among the commonly isolated microorganisms did not vary greatly between the periods studied, which suggests that either the antimicrobial stewardship program may have prevented an increase in bacterial resistance since its implementation, or that it is too soon to see impact on bacterial resistance.
Teknologi Rotary Dryer Coffe guna Meningkatkan Produktivitas Kopi Gombengsari sebagai Produk Unggulan Central Perkebunan Masyarakat Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Fiveriati Anggra , Amalia Firda Rachma , Bachtiar Riza Rahimi
Published: September 2020

Kabupaten Banyuwangi merupakan kabupaten yang memiliki potensi wisata yang cukup menarik, salah satu objek wisata yang cukup dikenal adalah wisata kebun kopi Gombengsari yang terletak di kaki gunung Ijen. Para warga Gombengsari mengolah hasil panen kopi mereka secara mandiri, mulai dari tahap pemanenan biji kopi yang matang, pengupasan kulit, penjemuran, pematangan, proses penumbukan dan pengemasan, dalam proses tersebut masyarakat Gombengsari sudah menggunakan teknologi yang tepat namun ada satu proses yang masih menggunakan cara yang tradisional yaitu proses penjemuran biji kopi. Sehingga proses penjemuran inilah yang menjadi permasalahan petani kopi Gombengsari, mengingat cuaca di wilayah Gombengsari yang relatif dingin terutama pada musim hujan selain itu petani kopi Gombengsari mengalami permasalahan dalam memasarkan produk kopi bubuk hasil perkebunannya. Berdasarkan permasalahan yang dihadapi petani kopi Gombengsari, maka tujuan dari pegabdian ini adalah membantu mengatasi permasalahan melalui teknologi tepat guna mesin pengering biji kopi menggunakan teknologi rotary dan pelatihan manajemen marketing pemasaran. Selain itu untuk mencapai target luaran sesuai permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam proses pengeringan, digunakan beberapa metode, yaitu meliputi penyuluhan, demonstrasi dan pelatihan, kunjungan lapangan, pengadaan peralatan serta pendampingan dan monitoring evaluasi diikuti oleh petani kopi Gombengsari. Dari hasil pengujian untuk mengeringkan kopi basah sebanyak 10 kg.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Bahasa Berbasis Gamifikasi untuk Guru-Guru di Lingkungan Pondok Pesantren Al Amin Sindangkasih-Ciamis
Authors: Dewi Nita Sari Narulita , Supriyono Yusup , Saputra Yuyus
Published: September 2020

Di era revolusi industri 4.0, teknologi harus menjadi alternatif pilihan yang digunakan oleh guru dalam menyampaikan materi kepada siswanya, sehingga pembelajaran menjadi lebih kontekstual, faktual, dan mampu membangun kemandirian belajar para siswa. Seperti contoh pengajaran berbasis gamifikasi menjadi sangat penting ketika lingkungan belajar yang ditunjang dengan teknologi dapat membantu para siswa memperoleh pengetahuan dengan cara-cara yang menantang dan menyenangkan. Kemandirian belajar dan berpikir kritis dapat terbentuk dan ditingkatkan melalui pembelajaran berbasis gamifikasi ketika pembelajaran menghendaki siswa berperan aktif dan bertanggung jawab terhadap keberhasilan belajarnya sendiri, di samping berkat bantuan bimbingan guru. Workshop pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis gamifikasi terbukti dapat memecahkan masalah yang dihadapi para guru, khususnya guru-guru di lingkungan pondok pesantren Al Amin Sindangkasih Kabupaten Ciamis yang berkenaan dengan kemampuan menciptakan pembelajaran bahasa berbantuan teknologi (technology-aided teaching) yang masih rendah. Program ini dapat membantu para guru dalam memanfaatkan teknologi untuk kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas, bahkan di luar kelas. Workshop ini diikuti oleh 20 orang peserta yang berasal dari MTs dan MA Persis-Pondok Pesantren Al Amin Sindangkasih Kabupaten Ciamis selama dua bulan. Materi yang diberikan berkenaan dengan pemilihan materi belajar yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kemampuan peserta didik (material selection) dan pengembangan media pengajaran dengan bantuan teknologi gamifikasi. Program ini dikemas dalam bentuk workshop pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis gamifikasi dengan tahapan: orientasi, diskusi, ekplorasi materi, aksi, tes, dan refleksi. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, interview, dan dokumen, sehingga kinerja peserta dan instruktur selama pelaksanaan program dapat terkontrol dengan baik dan menghasilkan kualitas pembelajaran berbasis teknologi yang efektif dan terukur. Program ini diharapkan pula mampu membantu pemerintah, sekolah atau guru dalam bidang peningkatan profesionalitas guru seperti yang diamanatkan dalam UU No. 14 Tahun 2005 tentang Guru dan Dosen, khususnya di lingkungan Pondok Pesantren Al Amin Sindangkasih Kabupaten Ciamis.
Vergiden Kaçınmayı Etkileyen Faktörlerin Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli İle Analizi
Authors: SANDALCI Ulvi
Published: September 2020

Çalışmanın amacı her biri dolaylı ve dolaysız vergiler yoluyla vergi mükellefi olan bireylerin vergiden kaçınma düzeyini belirlemektedir. Söz konusu bireylerin vergiden kaçınmaları üzerinde etkili olan ekonomik, ahlaki-psikolojik ve vergi sistem faktörlerinin yapısal eşitlik modeli ile belirlenmesi ise çalışmanın diğer bir amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada TR33 Bölgesinde ikamet eden 712 bireye anket uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda bireylerin vergiden kaçınma düzeyinin yüksek olduğuna, yani vergi yükünü azaltmak için yasal yollara başvurduğuna ulaşılmıştır. Vergiden kaçınma üzerinde ekonomik ve vergi sistem faktörlerinin olumlu yönde, ahlaki-psikolojik faktörün ise olumsuz yönde etkili olduğu da ulaşılan diğer bir sonuçtur.
Turizm Rehberliği Alanındaki Lisansüstü Tezlerin Bibliyometrik Çerçevesi
Authors: ZENGİN Burhanettin , ATASOY Burak
Published: September 2020

Turizm rehberliği toplumlararası kültür aktarımını sağlayan ve mesleği icra edenlerin kültür elçisi olarak ifade edildiği bir alandır. Destinasyonlara yönelik turizm hareketlerinin yaklaşık 1.5 milyar katılımcıya ulaşması, turizm rehberlerine olan ihtiyacı arttırmıştır. Ortaya çıkan profesyonel turist rehberi ihtiyacı ise Türkiye’de kurslar, ön lisans, lisans ve lisansüstü programlar yardımıyla karşılanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda araştırma, turizm rehberliği konulu lisansüstü tezlerim geçmiş ve mevcut durumunun incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu Tez Merkezi (YÖKTEZ), veri tabanında yer alan turizm rehberliği ile ilgili konular üzerinde yapılan lisansüstü tezlerin bibliyometrik analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada tarama modeli esas alınarak 1989-2019 yılları arasında yapılmış 87 lisansüstü teze ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen veriler çeşitli parametreler ışığında yorumlama ve değerlendirme süreçlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Sonuçlar turizm rehberliği alanında 2015 yılı sonrası lisansüstü eğitimde bir artış ve ilk kez Turizm Rehberliği Anabilim Dalında yayımlanan lisansüstü çalışmaların olduğunu göstermektedir.Bu makale için 26-01-2021 tarihinde bir düzeltme yayınlandı. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/alanyaakademik/issue/60067/868763
Uluslararası Fuarlar ve Zihinsel Mesafe
Authors: SUNGUR Betül , SÖZÜER Aytuğ
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı yurt dışı fuar katılımı ile uluslararası ticarette önemli bir bariyeri yansıtan zihinsel mesafe arasındaki ilişkiyi irdelemektir. Yazında fuarlar ile zihinsel mesafeyi bağdaştıran görgül bilgi çok sınırlıdır. Hâlbuki dünyada popülerliği sürmekte olan uluslararası fuarlar, özellikle ziyaretçilerin ev sahibi ülkeye dair zihinsel mesafesini de azaltabilen bir etkinliktir. Bu doğrultuda oluşturulan araştırma hipotezi, Türkiye’de fuar ziyaretinde bulunan 100 Çinli firma temsilcisinden yüz yüze anket yöntemiyle toplanan veri setiyle sınanmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, fuar katılımı ile zihinsel mesafe arasında anlamlı bir ilişki göstermese de; fuar haricinde ülkeye yapılan ziyaretlerin zihinsel mesafeyi azalttığı yönünde bulguya rastlanmıştır. Bu araştırmanın teorik bir boşluğu vurgulamasının yanı sıra, uluslararası pazarlama faaliyetlerinin planlanmasında firma yöneticilerine de katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
The Mediating Role of Person-organization fit on the Effect of Leader Support and Social Support on Job Satisfaction in Nurses
Authors: AKKOÇ İrfan , TÜRE Aysun
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of person-organization fit in the effect of social support and leader support on the job satisfaction of the nurses. The nurses (N=550) working in a university hospital in the province of Eskişehir composed the sample. In this study, the relationships between the variables in the study were determined by analzing the data collected from 421 nurses by using the questionnaire form. The relationships between the variables of the study were analyzed by statistical methods such as factor analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and Sobel tests. In conclusion, it was determined that person-organization fit had a partial mediating role on the effect of leader support on job satisfaction while it had a full mediating role on the effect of social support effect on job satisfaction.
ESTIMATION OF SURFACE RUNOFF FOR AL-MAHALAH CATCHMENT'S USING SCS CURVE NUMBER METHOD AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TOOLS
Authors: Mazahreh Safa , Mahasneh Lubna Al , Ali Aktar
Published: September 2020

Natural resources and their sustainable management are key issues for the future development of national agricultural Strategy in Jordan. Similarly, vegetative cover, particularly rangelands, and its sustainable management are key concern in combating land degradation.

 The study area is located in the northern eastern area of Jordan and classified as   Marginal area between with average annual rainfall less than 200mm. It suffers from land degradation due to overgrazing and mismanagement of vegetation cover, which has a substantial impact on the production system. Although it has a potential for water management.

The main objective of this study is to estimate the runoff for Al-Mahalah watershed (using SCS Curve Number method) to construct an earth dam at suitable location in the watershed in order to harvest water for the benefit of local community and conserve soil.

Data integration, analysis and processing for available and collected data were carried out in GIS environment. Runoff amounts were estimated at the watershed's outlet and the proposed location of an earth dam.

The total amounts of runoff that could be derived from Al-Mahalah catchment's area at the catchment's outlet and an earth dam were estimated to be approximately 40000, 15000 m3, respectively.
TEMA CIDOMO SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGEMBANGAN RAGAM HIAS LOMBOK (KE ARAH PENYEMPURNAAN BUKU AJAR SENI RUPA KE-PGSD-AN)
Authors: Dewi Nurul Kemala , Gunayasa Ida Bagus Kade , Tahir Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkreasikan tema cidomo sebagai alternatif pengembangan ragam hias Lombok (ke arah penyempurnaan penyusunan buku ajar Seni Rupa ke-PGSD-an). Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya, proses penciptaan mengikuti landasan penciptaan menurut Konsorsium Seni yaitu 5 (lima) tahapan penciptaan sebagai berikut: (1) persiapan, (2) elaborasi, (3) sintesis, (4) realisasi konsep dan (5) penyelesaian atau evaluasi. Diperoleh empat karya yaitu bentuk cidomo dipadukan dengan motif: (1) geometris, (2) tumbuh-tumbuhan, (3) binatang, dan (4) manusia/wayang. Keempat ragam hias ini akan digunakan untuk menyempurnakan buku ajar Seni Rupa untuk PGSD.