bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the acute local inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase on diabetic skin microcirculatory dysfunction
Authors: Savina Yann , Duflot Thomas , Bounoure Frederic , Kotzki Sylvain , Thiebaut Pierre-Alain , Serreau Pierre-Alex , Skiba Mohamed , Picquenot Jean-Michel , Cornic Marie , Morisseau Christophe , Hammock Bruce , Imbert Laurent , Cracowski Jean-Luc , Richard Vincent , Roustit Matthieu , Bellien Jeremy
Published: July 2019

The impact of the local inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase, which metabolizes vasodilator and anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosanoids, on diabetic skin microvascular dysfunction was assessed. In diabetic db/db mice, basal skin blood flow assessed using laser Doppler imaging was similar to that of control mice, but thermal hyperemia was markedly reduced. At 2 h after the topical administration of an aqueous gel containing the soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor trans-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid (t-AUCB: 400 mg/L), the peak concentration of t-AUCB was detected in the skin of diabetic mice, which quickly decreased thereafter. In parallel, 2 h after application of t-AUCB treatment, thermal hyperemia was increased compared to the control gel. Quantification of t-AUCB in plasma of treated animals showed no or low systemic diffusion. Furthermore, haematoxylin and eosin histological staining of skin biopsies showed that skin integrity was preserved in t-AUCB-treated mice. Finally, for pig ear skin, a surrogate for human skin, using Franz diffusion cells, we observed a continuous diffusion of t-AUCB from 2 h after application to beyond 24 h. A single topical administration of a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor improves microcirculatory function in the skin of db/db mice and might represent a new therapeutic approach for preventing the development of skin complications in diabetic patients.
The Comparative Efficiency of Speech Sound Interventions That Differ by Delivery Modality: Flashcards Versus Tablet
Authors: Werfel Krystal L. , Brooks Marren C. , Fitton Lisa
Published: July 2019

Although speech–language pathologists increasingly make use of tablets in clinical practice, little research to date has evaluated the effectiveness or efficiency of tablet use for targeting speech sound goals. The twofold purpose of this study was to compare (a) the effectiveness and (b) the efficiency of speech sound intervention using tablets versus flashcards. Four kindergarten students with at least two similar speech sound errors participated in this adapted alternating treatments single subject design study that explored the functional relation between speech sound intervention that differed by modality of delivery (tablet vs. flashcards) and increased speech sound skill in elementary school children with speech sound errors. Flashcards and tablets were both effective single-word speech sound intervention modalities; however, for three of the four participants, flashcards were more efficient than tablets.
The Efficacy of General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition in Chinese Elders Aged 80 and Older
Authors: Xu Fang , Ma Juan Juan , Sun Fei , Lee Jaewon , Coon David W. , Xiao Qiang , Huang Yong , Zhang Lei , Liang Zhi Hou
Published: July 2019

Objectives:

This study examined the efficacy of the General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition–Chinese version (GPCOG-C) in screening dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among older Chinese.

Methods:

Survey questionnaires were administered to 293 participants aged 80 or above from a university hospital in mainland China. Alzheimer disease and MCI were diagnosed in light of the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer’s Association (NIA/AA) criteria. The sensitivity and specificity of GPCOG-C and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in screening dementia and MCI were compared to the NIA/AA criteria.

Results:

The GPCOG-C had the sensitivity of 62.3% and specificity of 84.6% in screening MCI, which had comparable efficacy as the NIA/AA criteria. In screening dementia, GPCOG-C had a lower sensitivity (63.7%) than the MMSE and a higher specificity (82.6%) higher than the MMSE.

Conclusions:

The GPCOG-C is a useful and efficient tool to identify dementia and MCI in older Chinese in outpatient clinical settings.
Measuring Masculinity in Men With Chronic Disease
Authors: Occhipinti Stefano , Laurie Kirstyn , Hyde Melissa K. , Martin Sean , Oliffe John , Wittert Gary , Chambers Suzanne K.
Published: July 2019

The Masculinity in Chronic Disease Inventory (MCD-I) is a new measure of internalized masculine beliefs previously validated in the context of prostate cancer. The present study assessed the validity of the MCD-I in men with other chronic diseases to explore its potential for wider application. A cross-sectional survey of 633 men aged 47–93 years old ( M = 68 years), of whom 68% reported ≥2 chronic conditions, was conducted. Measures included the MCD-I and Erectile Function. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed followed by tests for discriminant validity. A five-factor structure was confirmed that explained 60% of the variance, with good to excellent reliabilities (α = 0.68–0.93) for the domains of Optimistic Action, Sexual Importance/Priority, Family Responsibilities, Emotional Self-Reliance, and Strength/Fitness. The MCD-I is a valid measure of internalized masculine beliefs for men with chronic disease that appears sensitive to age and to sexual health. The tailoring of health services for men can be guided by MCD-I outcomes to ensure gender-sensitized men’s health interventions.
Sustainable eco-design for fixture index mechanism in crankshaft speed sensor assembly line
Authors: Subharaj Chelliah , Natarajan Uthirapathi , Hyacinth Suganthi Xevier
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship of sustainable manufacturing process and sustainability performance, which considers the environmental, economic, and social aspects. Sustainable manufacturing considering ecological system and corrosion properties has attracted interest in gaining deep insights into the application of daily business operations. Currently, there is an internal pressure in the firms to reduce the costs of production, increase the product quantity with quality, minimize the defects and reliability as well as facilitate faster and flexible delivery. In addition, these firms attempt to seek to satisfy end users and improve operational efficiency. Market pressure, society’s demand for environmental-friendly process, and regulatory compliance are mostly discussed as additional pressure to the green operations initiative in the automotive firms. In this article, an existing model was designed using the computer-aided design software and the results were analyzed to fill research gaps in the effects of the eco-system on environmental and operational performance. This study provides new research opportunities for developing models in building simulation-based design of eco-efficient systems. Finally, the article suggests that the operations should apply parsimony principles of ecosystem measurements to foresee the imminent organizational outcome to enlighten industry counterparts with guidance to enhance further robust statistical modeling and construct development.
Attention and the motion aftereffect
Authors: Morgan Michael J , Solomon Joshua A
Published: July 2019

We measured the effects of attentional distraction on the time course and asymptote of motion adaptation strength, using visual search performance (percent correct and reaction time). In the first two experiments, participants adapted to a spatial array of moving Gabor patches, either all vertically oriented (Experiment 1) or randomly oriented (Experiment 2). On each trial, the adapting array was followed by a test array in which all of the test patches except one were identical in orientation and movement direction to their retinotopically corresponding adaptors, but the target moved in the opposite direction to its adaptor. Participants were required to identify the location of the changed target with a mouse click. The ability to do so increased with the number of adapting trials. Neither search speed nor accuracy was affected by an attentionally demanding conjunction task at the fixation point during adaptation, suggesting low-level (preattentive) sites in the visual pathway for the adaptation. In Experiment 3, the same participants were required to identify the one element in the test array that was slowly moving. Reaction times in this case were elevated following adaptation, but once again there was no significant effect of the distracting task upon performance. In Experiment 4, participants were required to make eye movements, so that retinotopically corresponding adaptors could be distinguished from spatiotopically corresponding adaptors. Performance in Experiments 1 and 2 correlated positively with reaction times in Experiment 3, suggesting a general trait for adaptation strength.
The roles of coaches, peers, and parents in athletes' basic psychological needs: A mixed-studies review
Authors: Chu Tsz Lun (Alan) , Zhang Tao
Published: July 2019

The purposes of this mixed-studies review were to summarize (a) the social environments created by coaches, peers, and parents concurrently, (b) the relative influence of social agents in youth athletes' psychological needs, and (c) the emerging research gaps for future research in and practical implications for youth sport. Literature was searched in six databases, resulting in 20 final studies with 2851 participants. These studies were reviewed and synthesized based on the theoretical frameworks, research design, participants and sports, associations between social environments and psychological needs, data analyses, results, and limitations. Results suggest that coaches, peers, and parents serve different roles in athletes' psychological needs. Coaches are the most important social agent in influencing autonomy, while peers are the most important social agent in influencing competence and relatedness. Parental influence is the least influential but also least studied in current literature. More research, particularly studies that use mixed methods or longitudinal design across developmental periods, is needed to examine the relative influence of all three social agents in youth sport contexts.
Evaluating the clinical and cost-effectiveness of permissive hypotension in critically ill patients aged 65 years or over with vasodilatory hypotension: Statistical and Health Economic Analysis Plan for the 65 trial
Authors: Thomas Karen , Patel Akshay , Sadique M Zia , Grieve Richard D , Mason Alexina J , Moler Silvia , Gordon Anthony C , Rowan Kathryn M , Mouncey Paul R , Lamontagne Francois , Harrison David A
Published: July 2019

The 65 trial is a pragmatic, multicentre, parallel-group, open-label, randomised clinical trial of permissive hypotension (targeting a mean arterial pressure target of 60–65 mmHg during vasopressor therapy) versus usual care in critically ill patients aged 65 years or over with vasodilatory hypotension. The trial will recruit 2600 patients from 65 United Kingdom adult general critical care units. The primary outcome is all-cause mortality at 90 days. An economic evaluation is embedded. This paper describes the proposed statistical and health economic analysis for the 65 trial.
Absent in melanoma 2 inflammasome is required for host defence against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection
Authors: Feng Siwei , Chen Tingting , Lei Guihua , Hou Fengqing , Jiang Jiali , Huang Qingyuan , Peng Yuanyi , Ye Chao , Hu Dong-Liang , Fang Rendong
Published: July 2019

Streptococcus pneumoniae, a leading cause of invasive pneumococcal disease, is responsible for high mortality and morbidity worldwide. A previous study showed that the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasomes are essential for caspase-1 activation and IL-1β production in the host response to S. pneumoniae infection. The function of NLRP3 in host innate immunity to S. pneumoniae was studied in vivo and in vitro. However, the role of AIM2 in host defence against S. pneumoniae remains unclear. Here, we show that AIM2-deficient (AIM2–/–) mice display increased susceptibility to intra-nasal infection with S. pneumoniae in comparison to wild type mice and that this susceptibility was associated with defective IL-1β production. Macrophages from AIM2–/– mice infected with S. pneumoniae showed impaired secretion of IL-1β as well as activation of the inflammasome, as determined by the oligomerisation of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and caspase-1 activation. Taken together, these results indicate that the AIM2 inflammasome is essential for caspase-1-dependent cytokine IL-1β production and eventual protection from pneumococcal infection in mice.
Total Synthesis of (8S) and (8R) Methyl 8-β-d-Glucopyranosyl-Helianthenate B and Their Application for Other Derivatives
Authors: Masimbula Rishni , Yamada Akiko , Takahashi Kosaku , Matsuura Hideyuki
Published: July 2019

The first total synthesis of (8 R) and (8 S) methyl β-d-glucopyranosyl helianthenate B was accomplished using the Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling reaction as a key step. Significant differences were observed in the resonances between the 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra of the diastereomers. Based on these results, the absolute configurations of glucopyranosyloxymethine in methyl β-d-glucopyranosyl helianthenate A to E (1 -5) were reconfirmed to be the ( R) configuration.
Study in Pesticide Activities of Polygonum cuspidatum Extracts and its Active Ingredient Resveratrol
Authors: Yang Wenqiang , Li Fenglu , Xing Xiaoyi , Wang Zhen , Yu Xiuling
Published: July 2019

Natural products are important resources for the development of agrochemicals. In this paper, the pesticide activities study of the P olygonum cuspidatum crude extracts and the active ingredient resveratrol was carried out. By the method of high-performance liquid chromatography, the active ingredient resveratrol in the P. cuspidatum extracts was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The pesticide activities of the P. cuspidatum extracts and resveratrol were also researched. The content of resveratrol in P. cuspidatum used in the experiment was measured to be 0.516 mg g−1. The activity results showed that the resveratrol exhibited excellent activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in vivo (inactivation activity, 48.9%/500 mg L−1 and 15.3%/100 mg L−1 ; curative activity, 50.2%/500 mg L−1 and 22.8%/100 mg L−1 ; and protection activity, 45.2%/500 mg L−1, and 19.5%/100 mg L−1 ), and the activities were higher than that of commercial anti-TMV agent ribavirin. The inactivation activity of P. cuspidatum extracts against TMV in vivo was 38.1%/500 mg L−1 and was equal to that of ribavirin. Polygonum cuspidatum extracts and resveratrol also showed the fungicidal activity, herbicidal activity, and insecticidal activity. In this paper, the results showed that the resveratrol has good prospect of the research and development; it provided necessary data support for further strengthening its application research.
Vitamin D Supplementation in Military Personnel: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Sivakumar Gaya , Koziarz Alex , Farrokhyar Forough
Published: July 2019

Context:

Vitamin D supplementation is important in military research because of its role in musculoskeletal health.

Objective:

This systematic review examined the effects of vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and musculoskeletal health outcomes in military personnel.

Data Sources:

A comprehensive search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SportDiscus, and the Cochrane Library databases and the reference lists of existing review articles and relevant studies.

Study Selection:

Reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts of the articles using predefined criteria.

Study Design:

Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Data Extraction:

Three reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the methodological quality. Mean differences with 95% CI in serum 25(OH)D concentrations between the vitamin D and placebo arms were calculated.

Results:

Four RCTs were included in the qualitative analyses. The 25(OH)D concentrations were improved with 2000 IU/d supplementation (mean difference, 3.90 ng/mL; 95% CI, 0.22-7.58). A trial on female Navy recruits showed a significant decrease in stress fractures (risk ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62-0.95), particularly tibial fractures, from daily supplementation of 800 IU vitamin D and 2000 mg calcium.

Conclusion:

There was a positive trend in 25(OH)D concentrations from higher doses of supplementary vitamin D in military submariners and a possible benefit to bone health when vitamin D was combined with calcium.
Positive views on antipsychotic long-acting injections: results of a survey of community patients prescribed antipsychotics
Authors: Mace Shubhra , Chak Oscar , Punny Sharanjeet , Sedough-Abbasian Daniel , Vegad Chirag , Taylor David M.
Published: July 2019

Background:

We aimed to assess patients’ views about antipsychotic long-acting injections (LAIs).

Methods:

We interviewed patients prescribed an antipsychotic (oral or LAI) in our community teams. In a subanalysis, responses were analysed for differences between patients currently receiving an LAI and those prescribed only oral medication.

Results:

In total, 226 patients (57%) completed the study questionnaire. The majority agreed that LAIs ensured delivery of the right amount of medication and protection against hospital admissions (57% and 60%, respectively). A minority of participants were more concerned than not about the use of a needle (46%), pain from injection (48%) and the need to travel to receive the injection (34%). A majority expressed a preference for injection site (deltoid or gluteal) (65%) and clinic location (69%). A higher proportion of patients currently receiving an LAI compared with those prescribed oral medication thought an LAI was beneficial because this formulation obviated the need to: swallow tablets (63% versus 41%; p = 0.0013), remember to take tablets daily (75% versus 51%; p = 0.0004), remember tablets when away from home (72% versus 49%; p = 0008). Current LAI users were more likely than those on oral treatment to agree that LAIs keep patients out of hospital (76% versus 44%; p = 0.0001) and that the injection ensured delivery of the right amount of medication (71% versus 44%; p = 0.0002). Women were more likely than men to prefer administration by a clinician of the same gender (34% versus 12%; p = 0.0001).

Conclusions:

In our study, a greater proportion of patients prescribed an LAI regarded LAIs as beneficial compared with those on oral medication.
Products of oxidative stress and transient receptor potential ankyrin A1 expression in the brainstem after lung ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Gu Xiaoying , Nan Yu , Pang Xiaochuan , Zhang Wenwen , Zhang Jian , Zhang Yiyuan
Published: July 2019

Lung ischemia–reperfusion injury is a common clinical concern. As the injury occurs, the pulmonary afferent nerves play a key role in regulating respiratory functions under pathophysiological conditions. The present study was to examine products of oxidative stress and expression of transient receptor potential A1 in the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract after lung ischemia–reperfusion injury; and further to determine molecular mediators linking to activation of oxidative stress and transient receptor potential ankyrin A1. A rat model of lung ischemia–reperfusion injury was used. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis were employed to examine products of oxidative stress (i.e. 8‐isoprostaglandin F2α and 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine), and expression of transient receptor potential A1, Nrf2‐antioxidant response element, and NADPH oxidase. 8‐isoprostaglandin F2α and 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine were amplified in the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract of lung ischemia–reperfusion injury rats, accompanied with downregulation of Nrf2‐antioxidant response element, and upregulation of NOX4 and transient receptor potential A1. Blocking NADPH oxidase (subtype NOX4) decreased products of oxidative stress in the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract and attenuated upregulation of transient receptor potential A1 induced by lung ischemia–reperfusion injury. Our data revealed specific signaling pathways by which lung ischemia–reperfusion injury impairs Nrf2‐antioxidant response and activates oxidative stress in the brainstem thereby leading to amplification of transient receptor potential A1 receptor likely via products of oxidative stress. Data suggest the abnormalities in the pulmonary afferent signals at the brainstem level which is likely to affect respiratory functions as lung ischemia–reperfusion injury occurs.
Communication infrastructures and the contest over location positioning
Authors: Wilken Rowan
Published: July 2019

This article builds on renewed critical awareness of the significance of, and need to understand, the material infrastructures that underpin and, importantly, also sustain mobile communication. The focus of this article is on the fluctuating fortunes of one U.S. company: Skyhook Wireless. The company was founded in 2003 with the explicit aim of exploring and developing systems that responded to a very specific communication infrastructure related challenge: how to calculate location positioning from Wi-Fi signals rather than from cellular towers or by using GPS? In this article, I detail the technical means by which they achieved this, and examine how the strength of Skyhook’s position in the field of location positioning and analysis became a key factor driving Google’s highly contentious Street View program for extracting and recording Wi-Fi access point and payload data. Through this analysis of Skyhook Wireless and its technical achievements, this article aims to contribute valuable new knowledge to our understanding of the location-related operations of mobile devices; the infrastructures associated with these operations; and the businesses that have emerged around, draw on, contribute to, and have come to dominate, these infrastructural systems.
Curcumin inhibits the lymphangiogenesis of gastric cancer cells by inhibiton of HMGB1/VEGF-D signaling
Authors: Da Wei , Zhang Jing , Zhang Rui , Zhu Jinshui
Published: July 2019

Accumulating evidence shows that curcumin exerts antitumor activities in a variety of malignancies. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is associated with vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D)–induced lymphangiogenesis and tumor metastasis in gastric cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms by which curcumin regulates HMGB1-mediated lymphangiogenesis in gastric cancer remain unclear. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of curcumin were investigated in gastric cancer AGS and SGC-7901 cell lines by MTT assay, and curcumin-induced morphological changes and cell apoptosis were assessed by using flow cytometry analysis and caspase-3 activity. The effects of curcumin on HMGB1 and VEGF-D expression were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis. As a result, we found that curcumin decreased cell viability and caused a dose-dependent cell apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HMGB1 and VEGF-D were significantly eliminated by curcumin administration. Pre-treatment with the recombinant HMGB1 (rHMGB1) markedly abolished curcumin-reduced VEGF-D expression. Our findings suggested that curcumin might exert anti-lymphangiogenesis in gastric cancer by inhibition of HMGB1/VEGF-D signaling.
Sulforaphane alleviates retinal ganglion cell death and inflammation by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a rat model of retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Gong Yuerong , Cao Xiaoning , Gong Lei , Li Weiguo
Published: July 2019

This study aims to study the potentials of sulforaphane (SFN) against retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. A rat retinal I/R injury method was established. Retinal thickness change and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death were determined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Fluoro-Gold (FG) labeling. The inflammatory cytokines production and microglia activation were evaluated by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Knockdown NLRP3 was performed, and the according changes of retinal RGCs were assessed. SFN administration significantly inhibited I/R and caused retinal thickness change and prevented RGCs death in retinal I/R model. SFN suppressed inflammatory cytokines production, microglia activation, and inflammasome activation. In accordance, NLRP3 knockdown presented the similar inhibitory effect on I/R rats. This study demonstrates that SFN prevents RGCs death and acts as a potent neuroprotective modulator in retinal I/R injury, which may be associated with inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Early Elementary Science Instruction: Does More Time on Science or Science Topics/Skills Predict Science Achievement in the Early Grades?
Authors: Curran F. Chris , Kitchin James
Published: July 2019

Recent evidence points to the early elementary grades as a pivotal point for the development of science learning trajectories and achievement gaps. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, this study estimates the degree to which time spent on science and the breadth of science topics/skills covered predict science achievement in the earliest grades of elementary school. Using regression along with school fixed effects and student fixed effects models, we find suggestive evidence in some models (student fixed effects and regression with observable controls) that time on science instruction is related to science achievement but little evidence that the number of science topics/skills covered are related to greater science achievement. These results are generally consistent across student subgroups. We discuss the implications for early science policy and practice.
Should Psychology Journals Adopt Specialized Statistical Review?
Authors: Hardwicke Tom E. , Frank Michael C. , Vazire Simine , Goodman Steven N.
Published: July 2019

Readers of peer-reviewed research may assume that the reported statistical analyses supporting scientific claims have been closely scrutinized and surpass a high-quality threshold. However, widespread misunderstanding and misuse of statistical concepts and methods suggests that suboptimal or erroneous statistical practice is routinely overlooked during peer review in psychology. Here, we explore whether psychology journals could ameliorate some of the field’s statistical ailments by adopting specialized statistical review: a focused technical assessment, performed by statistical experts, that addresses the analysis and presentation of quantitative information and supplements regular peer review. We discuss evidence from a recent survey of journal editors suggesting that specialized statistical review may be unusual in psychology journals and is regarded by many editors as unnecessary. We contrast these views with those in the biomedical domain, where statistical review has been considered a partial preventive measure against the improper use of statistics since the late 1970s. We suggest that the current “credibility revolution” presents an opportune occasion for psychology journals to consider adopting specialized statistical review.
Comparison of Fluoroquinolone Versus Non-Fluoroquinolone Therapy for Inpatient Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations
Authors: Ramos Kassandra , Allen Bryan , Cannon Chad , Cunningham Kristal , Tucker Calvin
Published: July 2019

Background: While antimicrobial use in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is reserved for more severe cases, the current evidence available comparing fluoroquinolones (FQs) to other classes in the inpatient setting are lacking. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of FQ therapy compared with non-FQs (NFQs) during acute COPD exacerbations in hospitalized patients. Methods: In this single-centered institutional review board–approved retrospective chart review, participants were included if they were at least 18 years of age and hospitalized for an acute exacerbation of COPD. Patients were stratified into FQ or NFQ groups based on the initial antimicrobial regimen administered. The primary outcome was the clinical resolution rate after antimicrobial therapy. Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay, duration of antimicrobial therapy, 30-day readmission rates, and Clostridioides difficile infection rates. Results: A total of 375 patients were included (FQ = 201; NFQ = 174). The NFQ group had a higher rate of clinical resolution (84.5% vs 76.1%, P = .0435). In a multivariable regression analysis, the association between NFQ therapy and higher rates of clinical resolution remained significant (odds ratio = 2.31; 95% confidence interval = 1.3-4.10; P = .0043). The FQ group had a shorter length of stay (4 vs 5 days; P = .0022) and shorter inpatient antibiotic duration (4 vs 5 days; P = .0200). Rates of Clostridioides difficile infection and readmission were similar between groups. Conclusions: NFQ therapy may provide a higher rate of clinical resolution while avoiding exposure to FQ therapy and known adverse effects associated with FQ use.
Cost-Sharing Requirements for the Herpes Zoster Vaccine in Adults Aged 60+
Authors: Tak Casey R. , Kim Jaewhan , Gunning Karen , Sherwin Catherine M. , Nickman Nancy A. , Biskupiak Joseph E.
Published: July 2019

Background: Rates of zoster vaccination in US adults aged 60+ were approximately 30.6% in 2015. Out-of-pocket cost-sharing has been identified as a major barrier to vaccination for patients. To date, herpes zoster vaccine cost-sharing requirements for adults aged 60 to 64 has not been described. Objective: Compare the cost-sharing requirements for zoster vaccination in adults aged 60 to 64 and adults aged 65+. Methods: A retrospective cohort design examined pharmacy claims for zoster vaccination from the Utah All Payer Claims Database for adults aged 60+. Descriptive statistics and a 2-part cost model compared cost-sharing requirements for adults aged 60 to 64 and adults 65+. Results: Of the 30 293 zoster vaccine claims, 13 398 (45.8%) had no cost-sharing, 1716 (5.9%) had low cost-sharing (defined as $1 to less than $30), and 14 133 (48.3%) had high cost-sharing (defined as $30 or more). In the cost models, adults aged 65+ had higher odds of any cost-sharing (odds ratio = 39.86) and 29% higher cost-sharing as compared with adults aged 60 to 64. Conclusions: Adults aged 60 to 64 encounter lower cost-sharing requirements than adults aged 65+. Providers should be cognizant of this dynamic and encourage zoster vaccination prior to the age of 65.
Severe burn injury alters intestinal microbiota composition and impairs intestinal barrier in mice
Authors: Feng Yanhai , Huang Yalan , Wang Yu , Wang Pei , Wang Fengjun
Published: July 2019

Background

The intestinal barrier integrity is crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and the mechanisms of intestinal barrier disruption induced by burn injury remain obscure. This study was aimed to investigate the changes of intestinal microbiota and barrier function in burned mice to further comprehend the mechanisms of burn-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.

Methods

Samples were from mice inflicted with 30% total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness burns. The intestinal permeability, tight junction proteins expressions, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) localization, inflammatory cytokines expressions, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) contents were determined. The microbial community was assessed via 16S rDNA Illumina sequencing.

Results

The intestinal permeability was increased after severe burn injury, peaking at 6 h post-burn, with approximately 20-folds of the control (p < 0.001). The expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-2) was significantly altered (p < 0.05). The ZO-1 morphology was dramatically changed following burn injury. The fecal SCFAs’ contents (acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate) were noticeably declined after burn injury (p < 0.05). The expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6) in ileal mucosa were increased, whereas the expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) were decreased following burn injury (p < 0.05). In addition, burned mice showed an alteration of intestinal microbial community, such as decreased diversity, reduced Bacteroidetes abundance, and increased Firmicutes abundance.

Conclusions

The severe burn-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction is along with the alterations of microbial community.
Integration of a Mandatory Palliative Care Education Into Hematology-Oncology Fellowship Training in a Comprehensive Cancer Center: A Survey of Hematology Oncology Fellows
Authors: Reddy Suresh K. , Tanco Kimberson , Yennu Sriram , Liu Diane D. , Williams Janet L. , Wolff Robert , Bruera Eduardo
Published: July 2019

PURPOSE:

The primary aim of this study was to determine the attitudes and beliefs of hematology and medical oncology (HMO) fellows regarding palliative care (PC) after they completed a 4-week mandatory PC rotation.

METHODS:

The PC rotation included a 4-week standardized curriculum covering all PC domains. HMO fellows were provided educational materials and attended all didactic sessions. All had clinical rotation in an acute PC unit and an outpatient clinic. All HMO fellows from 2004 to 2017 were asked to complete a 32-item survey on oncology trainee perception of PC.

RESULTS:

Of 105 HMO fellows, 77 (73%) completed the survey. HMO fellows reported that PC rotation improved assessment and management of symptoms (98%); opioid prescription (89%), opioid rotation (78%), and identification of opioid adverse effects (87%); communication with patients and families (91%), including advance care planning discussion (88%) and do-not-resuscitate discussion (88%); and they reported comfort with discussing ethical issues (74%). Participants reported improvement in knowledge of symptom assessment and management (n = 76; 98%) as compared with efficacy in ethics (n = 57 [74%]; P = .0001) and for coping with stress of terminal illness (n = 45 [58%]; P = .0001). The PC rotation educational experience was considered either far better or better (53%) or the same (45%) as other oncology rotations. Most respondents (98%) would recommend PC rotations to other HMO fellows, and 95% felt rotation should be mandatory.

CONCLUSION:

HMO fellows reported PC rotation improved their attitudes and knowledge in all PC domains. PC rotation was considered better than other oncology rotations and should be mandatory.
Disrupted Oxytocin-Appetite Signaling in Females With Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Aulinas Anna , Plessow Franziska , Pulumo Reitumetse L , Asanza Elisa , Mancuso Christopher J , Slattery Meghan , Tolley Christiane , Thomas Jennifer J , Eddy Kamryn T , Miller Karen K , Klibanski Anne , Misra Madhusmita , Lawson Elizabeth A
Published: July 2019

Context

In healthy females, oxytocin levels decrease postmeal, corresponding to increased satiety. The postprandial response of oxytocin in females with anorexia nervosa (AN)/atypical AN is unknown.

Objectives

To determine the pattern of postprandial serum oxytocin levels in females with AN/atypical AN, relationship with appetite, and effect of weight, eating behavior, and endogenous estrogen status.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting

Clinical research center.

Participants

67 women (36 with AN [<85% expected body weight (EBW)]; 31 with atypical AN [≥ 85% EBW)]), age 22.4 ± 0.9 (mean ± SEM) years, categorized by weight, restricting vs binge/purge behavior, and estrogen status.

Interventions

Standardized mixed meal.

Main Outcome Measurements

Blood sampling for oxytocin occurred fasting and 30, 60, and 120 minutes postmeal. Subjective appetite was assessed using visual analog scales.

Results

In females with AN/atypical AN, oxytocin levels decreased from fasting to 60 (P = 0.002) and 120 (P = 0.005) minutes postmeal. The decrease in oxytocin from fasting to 120 minutes was greater in females with atypical AN than AN (P = 0.027) and did not differ by restricting vs binge/purge behavior or estrogen status. Controlling for caloric intake, the decrease in oxytocin was inversely related to the decrease in hunger postmeal in females with atypical AN (P = 0.04).

Conclusions

In females with AN/atypical AN, oxytocin levels decrease postmeal, as established in healthy females. Weight, but not restricting vs binge/purging nor endogenous estrogen status, affects postprandial oxytocin levels. The postprandial change in serum oxytocin levels is related to appetite in females with atypical AN only, suggesting a disconnect between oxytocin secretion and appetite in the undernourished state.
Posaconazole-Induced Hypertension Due to Inhibition of 11β-Hydroxylase and 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 2
Authors: Thompson George R , Beck Katharina R , Patt Melanie , Kratschmar Denise V , Odermatt Alex
Published: July 2019

We describe two cases of hypertension and hypokalemia due to mineralocorticoid excess caused by posaconazole treatment of coccidioidomycosis and rhinocerebral mucormycosis infections, respectively. Clinical laboratory evaluations, including a comprehensive analysis of blood and urine steroid profiles, revealed low renin and aldosterone and indicated as the underlying mechanism primarily a block of 11β-hydroxylase activity in patient 1, whereas patient 2 displayed weaker 11β-hydroxylase but more pronounced 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 inhibition. The results show that both previously suggested mechanisms must be considered and emphasize significant interindividual differences in the contribution of each enzyme to the observed mineralocorticoid excess phenotype. The mineralocorticoid symptoms of patient 1 resolved after replacement of posaconazole therapy by isavoconazole, and posaconazole dosage de-escalation ameliorated the effects in patient 2. By providing a thorough analysis of the patients’ blood and urine steroid metabolites, this report adds further evidence for two individually pronounced mechanisms of posaconazole-induced hypertension and hypokalemia. The elucidation of the factors responsible for the individual phenotype warrants further research.
Η ΣΥΜΒΟΛΗ ΤΗΣ ΑΥΤΟΑΞΙΟΛΟΓΗΣΗΣ ΤΩΝ ΠΑΙΔΙΩΝ ΣΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΣΩΠΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΗ ΤΟΥΣ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗ ΣΕ ΣΥΝΕΡΓΑΤΙΚΟ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΟ ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΟΝ
Authors: Γκλούμπου (Alexandra Gkloumpou) Αλεξάνδρα , Ζησοπούλου Ελένη
Published: July 2019

Για τα παιδιά της προσχολικής ηλικίας οι κοινωνικές δεξιότητες είναι συνάρτηση της ολόπλευρης ανάπτυξής τους. Το συγκεκριμένο πρόγραμμα ήταν μία έρευνα-δράση, η οποία πραγματοποιήθηκε σε συνεργατικό εκπαιδευτικό περιβάλλον, στις μαθησιακές περιοχές της γλώσσας και των μαθηματικών. Βασικοί στόχοι του προγράμματος ήταν μέσα από διαδικασίες αυτοαξιολόγησης, τα παιδιά να καλλιεργήσουν συνεργατικές και κοινωνικές δεξιότητες, μεταγνωστική ικανότητα, να ενισχύσουν την αυτοεκτίμησή τους και να μάθουν να βελτιώνουν τη συμπεριφορά και την επίδοσή τους συζητώντας για τη δράση τους. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι τα παιδιά οδηγήθηκαν σε κατάκτηση συνεργατικών και κοινωνικών δεξιοτήτων. Αυξήθηκαν οι αλληλεπιδραστικές σχέσεις, στοιχείο που ενίσχυσε το θετικό ψυχολογικό κλίμα της τάξης και ενισχύθηκε η μεταγνωστική τους ικανότητα.
ΜΕΛΕΤΗ ΤΩΝ ΣΥΝΕΡΓΑΤΙΚΩΝ ΑΛΛΗΛΕΠΙΔΡΑΣΕΩΝ ΠΑΙΔΙΩΝ ΠΡΟΣΧΟΛΙΚΗΣ ΗΛΙΚΙΑΣ ΜΕΣΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΗ ΧΡΗΣΗ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΙΖΟΜΕΝΩΝ ΠΑΙΧΝΙΔΙΩΝ
Authors: Μισιρλή (Anastasia Misirli) Αναστασία , Κοκκόση (Aggeliki Kokkosi) Αγγελική , Κόμης (Vasilis Komis) Βασίλης
Published: July 2019

Η παρούσα εργασία αναφέρεται στις συνεργατικές αλληλεπιδράσεις που αναπτύσσονται μεταξύ των υποκειμένων της εκπαιδευτικής διαδικασίας για την επίλυση προβλημάτων μέσα από τη χρήση προγραμματιζόμενων παιχνιδιών τύπου Logo (σε συμβατική και ψηφιακή μορφή). Πρόκειται για μια μελέτη περίπτωσης (case study), ποιοτική έρευνα κατά την υλοποίηση της οποίας επιδιώκεται αρχικά ο προσδιορισμός των συνεργατικών αλληλεπιδράσεων που προκύπτουν και ύστερα η κατηγοριοποίηση τους. Στο πλαίσιο αυτής της κατηγοριοποίησης αναλύθηκαν οι συμπεριφορές των παιδιών, όπως αυτές αναπτύχθηκαν μέσα από την υλοποίηση κατάλληλου εκπαιδευτικού σεναρίου. Επιχειρείται ακόμη, μια αντιστοίχιση μεταξύ των κατηγοριών που προέκυψαν και των ειδών ομιλίας του Mercer. Τέλος, αποφαίνονται συμπεράσματα για την καταλυτική συνεισφορά της εκπαιδευτικής ρομποτικής στην ανάπτυξη κοινωνικών συνεργατικών αλληλεπιδράσεων και στη γενικότερη συνεισφορά των νέων τεχνολογιών τόσο στην κοινωνική όσο και ατομική ανάπτυξη των παιδιών.
ΕΥΑΙΣΘΗΤΟΠΟΙΗΣΗ ΠΑΙΔΙΩΝ ΠΡΟΣΧΟΛΙΚΗΣ ΗΛΙΚΙΑΣ ΣΕ ΖΗΤΗΜΑΤΑ ΑΝΑΠΗΡΙΑΣ
Authors: Χαρούμενου (Zoi Charoumenou) Ζωή , Σούλης (Spyridon-Georgios Soulis) Σπυρίδων-Γεώργιος
Published: July 2019

Tα τελευταία χρονιά στο χώρο της ειδικής εκπαίδευσης επικρατεί η αντίληψη εφαρμογής της συνεκπαίδευσης μαθητών με και δίχως αναπηρία. προκειμένου να επιτευχτεί η συνεκπαίδευση δεν αρκεί τα εκπαιδευτικά προγράμματα να είναι προσαρμοσμένα στις εξατομικευμένες ανάγκες τόσο των παιδιών με αναπηρία όσο και των παιδιών δίχως αναπηρία αλλά είναι σημαντικό να δημιουργηθεί ένα κλίμα που θα ενθαρρύνει τη θετική αλληλεπίδραση μεταξύ τους. Από πολύ νωρίς τα παιδιά γνωρίζουν ομοιότητες και διαφορές ανάμεσα στους ανθρώπους. όπως προκύπτει από διάφορες έρευνες οι στάσεις απέναντι στα άτομα με αναπηρία προσδιορίζονται σε μεγάλο βαθμό από τα σχετικά στερεότυπα του κοινωνικού περίγυρου. Στο νηπιαγωγείο κρίνεται αναγκαίος ο σχεδιασμός και η εφαρμογή κατάλληλων βιωματικών, διαθεματικών δραστηριοτήτων, οι οποίες θα δώσουν τη δυνατότητα στα παιδιά να γνωρίσουν τα άτομα με αναπηρία. Στόχος της παρούσας ερευνητικής προσπάθειας είναι να παρουσιασθεί η μεταστροφή των απόψεων των παιδιών προσχολικής ηλικίας απέναντι στην αναπηρία μέσω της συμμετοχής τους σε σχετικό πρόγραμμα ευαισθητοποίησης. Αρχικά, με την παρουσίαση εποπτικού υλικού(εικόνες) ανιχνεύθηκαν οι προϋπάρχουσες γνώσεις των παιδιών σχετικά με θέματα αναπηρίας. Στη συνεχεία τα παιδιά είχαν την ευκαιρία μέσω των βιωματικών δραστηριοτήτων να προσεγγίσουν τις δυσκολίες που αντιμετωπίζουν τα άτομα με αναπηρία και να προτείνουν τρόπους με τους οποίους μπορούμε να τα βοηθήσουμε. Στο τέλος, αξιοποιώντας τη συνέντευξη καταγράφηκε η αλλαγή στάσης απέναντι στην αναπηρία. Συνοψίζοντας, η γνωριμία και ευαισθητοποίηση των παιδιών για τα άτομα με αναπηρία αποτελεί μια πρόταση που συμβάλλει στην αποδοχή και συνύπαρξη τους στο πλαίσιο της ιδέας για τη δημιουργία ενός «σχολειού για όλους».
Σχεδιάζοντας μαθηματικές δραστηριότητες με νόημα για παιδιά Νηπιαγωγείου
Authors: Παπανδρέου (Maria Papandreou) Μαρία
Published: July 2019

Τα μικρά παιδιά ως κατασκευαστές νοημάτων κατανοούν μια μαθησιακή δραστηριότητα με το δικό τους τρόπο και σύμφωνα με τα εφόδια που διαθέτουν. Αρκετά συχνά όμως, το νόημα και η σημασία που αποδίδουν σε μια δραστηριότητα, δεν συναντά τους στόχους και τις προθέσεις του εκπαιδευτικού. Σε αυτή τη μελέτη δίνοντας έμφαση στη μαθηματική εκπαίδευση επισημαίνουμε την αναγκαιότητα ανάπτυξης μαθηματικών δραστηριοτήτων με νόημα για τα μικρά παιδιά. Στα πλαίσια αυτά προσδιορίζουμε αρχικά πότε μια εκπαιδευτική δραστηριότητα μπορεί έχει νόημα για τα παιδιά, αλλά και ποια είναι τα χαρακτηριστικά εκείνα που κάνουν μια δραστηριότητα μαθηματική. Μέσα από το παράδειγμα της σύνδεσης της μαθηματικής εκπαίδευσης με την λογοτεχνία εξετάζουμε τις διαφορετικές δυνατότητες που δίνονται για την ανάπτυξη μαθηματικών δραστηριοτήτων με νόημα για τα παιδιά αξιοποιώντας την παιδική λογοτεχνία στο Νηπιαγωγείο.
Η επιφάνεια της Γης ως φυσικός χώρος διαβίωσης στη σκέψη των παιδιών προσχολικής ηλικίας
Authors: Καμπεζά (Maria Kampeza) Μαρία
Published: July 2019

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη.
Αναγνώριση και κατανόηση συναισθημάτων από παιδιά προσχολικής ηλικίας
Authors: Ντολιοπούλου (Elsi Doliopoulou) Έλση , Κοντογιάννη Άλκηστις
Published: July 2019

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη.
Απόψεις των Παιδαγωγών σε Θέματα Προσχολικής Αγωγής: Εμπλοκή νηπίων στον τομέα κινητικών και νοητικών δεξιοτήτων και προτεραιότητες στους γενικούς στόχους και στην οργάνωση των προγραμμάτων
Authors: Λαλούμη-Βιδάλη (E. Laloumi-Vidali) Ε.
Published: July 2019

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη.
Εξηγήσεις και επεξηγήσεις σε ένα μάθημα Φυσικών Επιστήμων στο Νηπιαγωγείο
Authors: Ποιμενίδου (Maria Pimenidou) Μαρία , Παπαδοπούλου (Maria Papadopoulou) Μαρία
Published: July 2019

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη.
Η συμβολή της επιμόρφωσης στις απόψεις των νηπιαγωγών για τη φυσική αγωγή
Authors: Τσαπακίδου (Aggeliki Tsapakidou) Αγγελική , Βαρσάμης (P. Barsamis) Π. , Σιβροπούλου (Irini Sivropoulou) Ειρήνη
Published: July 2019

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη.
Λεκτική επικοινωνία στη σχολική τάξη: η ερώτηση του μαθητή
Authors: Χανιωτάκης (Nikolaos Chaniotakis) Νικόλαος
Published: July 2019

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη.
Regulations and Brain Drain: Evidence from Wall Street Star Analysts’ Career Choices
Authors: Guan Yuyan , Li Congcong , Lu Hai , Wong M. H. Franco
Published: July 2019

The Global Settlement, along with related regulations in the early 2000s, prohibits the use of investment banking revenue to fund equity research and compensate equity analysts. We find that all-star analysts from investment banks are more likely to exit the profession or move to the buy side after the regulations. The departed star analysts’ earnings revisions and stock recommendations are more informative than those of the remaining analysts who followed the same companies. To the extent that star analysts are superior to their nonstar counterparts in terms of research ability and ability to inform the market, the exit of star analysts represents a brain drain in the sell-side equity research industry. These results are consistent with the view that the regulations introduced to protect equity investors have unintended adverse effects on the investors due to a brain drain in investment banks.

This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
Product Categories as Judgment Devices: The Moral Awakening of the Investment Industry
Authors: Arjaliès Diane-Laure , Durand Rodolphe
Published: July 2019

Product categories are more than classification devices that organize markets; when reflecting market actors' purposes, they are also judgment devices. Taking stock of the literature on product categories and drawing on the distinction between the faculties of knowing and judging, we elaborate a framework that accounts for how and why market actors include or exclude normative attributes in a product category definition. Based on a field study of the development of socially responsible investment (SRI) funds in France, we describe the phases and conditions of a judgment framework for category definition for both established and nascent categories. We discuss implications for research on product categories and the workings of markets more broadly.
Виды экономической деятельности в сфере занятости Кыргызской Республики: геоинформационный анализ по переписи населения 2009 г.
Authors: Элеманова Римма Туратбековна
Published: July 2019

Рассмотрены возможности использования гео-информационных технологий при изучении видов экономической деятельности в сфере занятости Кыргызской Республики по результатам переписи населения 2009 г. Показано состояние трудовых ресурсов в республике, рассмотрены проблемы занятости. Главным фактором формирования трудовых ресурсов в современных условиях в Кыргызстане является молодежь в возрасте от 16 лет. Сложившиеся в постсоветский период экономические условия и осложнение демографической ситуации, переезд сельского трудоспособного населения в города, порождающие избыточность и невостребованность трудовых ресурсов в городах Кыргызской Республики, дают в результате сильный отток населения в другие страны. На основе геоинформационного анализа проанализированы основные тенденции указанных процессов и созданы карты, иллюстрирующие эти процессы. Геоинформационные технологии как инструмент пространственного анализа и визуализации полученных результатов позволяют эффективно проанализировать занятость по видам экономической деятельности на территории Кыргызстана.