bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Coding of Individual Chemicals by the Gustatory System
Authors: Reiter Sam , Campillo Rodriguez Chelsey , Sun Kui , Stopfer Mark
Published: September 2015

Four of the five major sensory systems (vision, olfaction, somatosensation, and audition) are thought to use different but partially overlapping sets of neurons to form unique representations of vast numbers of stimuli. The only exception is gustation, which is thought to represent only small numbers of basic taste categories. However, using new methods for delivering tastant chemicals and making electrophysiological recordings from the tractable gustatory system of the mothManduca sexta, we found chemical-specific information is as follows: (1) initially encoded in the population of gustatory receptor neurons as broadly distributed spatiotemporal patterns of activity; (2) dramatically integrated and temporally transformed as it propagates to monosynaptically connected second-order neurons; and (3) observed in tastant-specific behavior. Our results are consistent with an emerging view of the gustatory system: rather than constructing basic taste categories, it uses a spatiotemporal population code to generate unique neural representations of individual tastant chemicals.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur results provide a new view of taste processing. Using a new, relatively simple model system and a new set of techniques to deliver taste stimuli and to examine gustatory receptor neurons and their immediate followers, we found no evidence for labeled line connectivity, or basic taste categories such as sweet, salty, bitter, and sour. Rather, individual tastant chemicals are represented as patterns of spiking activity distributed across populations of receptor neurons. These representations are transformed substantially as multiple types of receptor neurons converge upon follower neurons, leading to a combinatorial coding format that uniquely, rapidly, and efficiently represents individual taste chemicals. Finally, we found that the information content of these neurons can drive tastant-specific behavior.
Pretreatment with Methylprednisolone Improves Myocardial Protection during On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Demir Tolga , Ergenoglu Mehmet Umit , Demir Hale Bolgi , Tanrikulu Nursen , Sahin Mazlum , Gok Emre , Korkut Kubilay , Demirsoy Ergun
Published: September 2015

Background: This study was undertaken to determine whether methylprednisolone could improve myocardial protection by altering the cytokine profile toward an anti-inflammatory course in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
Methods: Forty patients who were scheduled for elective CABG surgery were randomized into two groups: the study group (n = 20), who received 1 g of methylprednisolone intravenously before CPB, and the control group (n = 20), who underwent a standard CABG surgery without any additional medication. Blood samples were withdrawn prior to surgery (T1) and then 4 hours (T2), 24 hours (T3), and 36 hours (T4) after CPB. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin-t (cTnT), and blood glucose as well as neutrophil counts were measured at each sampling time.
Results: A comparison of patients between both groups revealed significantly high levels of IL-6 in the control group at T2, T3, and T4 with respect to T1 (T2: P < .001; T3:
P < .001; T4: P < .001). IL-10 levels were significantly higher in the study group at T2 compared with the control group
(P = .007). CK-MB levels were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group at T4 (P = .001). The increase of cTnT was higher in the control group at T3 and T4 compared with the study group (T3: P = .002; T4: P = .001).
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that methylprednisolone is effective for ensuring better myocardial protection during cardiac surgery by suppressing the inflammatory response via decreasing the levels of IL-6 and by increasing anti-inflammatory activity through IL-10.
A Giant Circumflex Coronary Artery Aneurysm with a Fistula into the Coronary Sinus: Case Report
Authors: Demir Tolga , Sahin Mazlum , Gok Emre , Demir Hale Bolgi , Gulmaliev Cabir , Sezer Husnu
Published: September 2015

Coronary artery fistulas are a rare clinical entity in cardiac anomalies, and in a significant portion of patients, the fistulas are accompanied by coronary aneurysm formation. In this article, we present a giant circumflex coronary artery aneurysm with a fistula into the coronary sinus.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in a Patient with Organophosphate Poisoning
Authors: Pieris Rajeeva R. , Fernando Ravindra
Published: September 2015

A 43-year-old male, with no previous history of mental illness, was diagnosed with coronary heart disease, after which he became acutely depressed and attempted suicide by ingesting an organophosphate pesticide. He was admitted to an intensive care unit and treated with pralidoxime, atropine, and oxygen. His coronary occlusion pattern required early coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. His family, apprehensive of a repeat suicidal attempt, requested surgery be performed as soon as possible. He recovered well from the OP poisoning and was mentally fit to express informed consent 2 weeks after admission. Seventeen days after poisoning, he underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and recovered uneventfully. Six years later, he remains in excellent health. We report this case because to the best of our knowledge there is no literature regarding CABG performed soon after organophosphate poisoning.
Pseudoaneurysm Fistulated into the Right Atrium after Double Valve Replacement
Authors: Kehara Hiromu , Takano Tamaki , Komatsu Kazunori , Terasaki Takamitsu , Okada Kenji
Published: September 2015

We discuss a rare case of an ascending aorta pseudoaneurysm fistulating into the right atrium following prior aortic and mitral valve replacement. Transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography revealed a pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta attached to the right atrium with fistulous communication. The pseudoaneurysm arose from the center of the former aortotomy. Emergency remedian sternotomy was performed without aneurysmal injury and with exposure of the left femoral artery and femoral vein. Aneurysmal resection and ascending aorta repair were performed without complication. Exposing peripheral vessels, and initiating cardiopulmonary bypass only after reentry, might be effective in resternotomy to approach ascending aorta pseudoaneurysms.
The Relationship between Cardiotrophin-1 and Troponin-I in Coronary Arterial Bypass Grafting on the Beating Heart: A Prospective Study
Authors: Caliskan Serhat , Besli Feyzullah , Gungoren Fatih , Yildirim Ahmet , Alisir Mehmet Fethi , Polat Ufuk , Ozdemir Bulent , Bicer Murat
Published: September 2015

Objective: Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is closely associated with many cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, myocardial infarction (MI), and heart failure, and exhibits a cardioprotective effect in ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between CT-1 and Troponin-I (Tn-I) in off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting on the beating heart.
Methods: Seventy-eight patients (mean age 60.8 ± 9.7 years, 79.5% male) undergoing elective OPCAB surgery were included in this study undertaken between July 1, 2012 and July 1, 2013 in the Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, University School of Medicine Hospital. Venous blood samples were collected 5 minutes before OPCAB surgery and 6 hours after surgery. Plasma CT-1 levels were measured using the ELISA method.
Results: Compared to the preoperative period, Tn-I and CT-1 values were higher in the postoperative period
[0.255 ng/mL (0.030-0.430) versus 0.045 ng/mL (0.005-0.090), P < .001; and 33.7 pg/mL (15.8-98.5) versus 8.7 pg/mL (0.68-25.4), P < .001]. There was also an elevation in white blood cells, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase (CK), and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) values, as well as a decrease in hemoglobin values (P < .001). When a correlation analysis for postoperative CT-1 was performed, there was a significant positive correlation between postoperative CK, CK-MB, and Tn-I levels (r = 0.250, P < .027; r = 0.270, P = .017; and r = 0.241, P < .034).
Conclusion: CT-1 was found to be associated with Tn-I, which is used to detect myocardial damage after OPCAB surgery. CT-1 may also be used to detect myocardial damage.
Comparative Effects of Hemodilutional Anemia and Transfusion during Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Acute Kidney Injury: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Arıtürk Cem , Ozgen Zehra Serpil , Kilercik Meltem , Ulugöl Halim , Ökten Eyup Murat , Aksu Uğur , Karabulut Hasan , Toraman Fevzi
Published: September 2015

Aim: Acute kidney injury after cardiopulmonary bypass has been associated with dilutional anemia during surgery. We aimed both to explore if this relation is modulated by blood transfusion and to understand the postoperative contribution of protein oxidation.
Methods: In this randomized prospective study, after ethics committee approval and informed consent, 30 patients undergoing first-time elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with hematocrit between 21% and 25% at any time during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) were randomly and equally allocated into two groups. Group I consisted of patients who received red blood cells (RBC) during ECC, while in Group II, patients did not receive any RBCs. Besides routine hemodynamic and biochemical parameters, markers of renal injury such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), creatinine clearance, and protein oxidation parameters (advanced oxidative protein products [AOPP], total thiol [T-SH]) were determined in both groups.
Results: (1) Both cardiovascular parameters (MAP, HR) and the hospitalization period of the transfused group were not significantly different compared to the non-transfused group
(P > .05); (2) While urine NGAL level (P < .05) increased and GFR (P < .01) decreased in the transfused group compared to the preoperative period, there were no significant changes in respective parameters of the non-transfused group compared to preoperative period; (3) AOPP concentrations did not change compared to postoperative periods in both groups (P > .05). However, T-SH concentration showed a transient increased at postoperative hour 6 (P < .001 vs preoperative period) but normalized at postoperative hour 24 (P > .05 versus preoperative period).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that a hematocrit value over 21% during ECC is safe for renal functions. RBC transfusion just to increase hematocrit may be deleterious.
Синтез полистирольных суспензий в условиях получения эмульгатора на границе раздела фаз
Authors: Adikanova Dinara , Yeligbayeva Gulzhakhan , Shaikhutdinov Erengaip , Gritskova Inessa
Published: September 2015

Emulsion polymerization of styrene was investigated using as an emulsifier the salts of stearic and lauric acids with cations of different metals (K+, Li+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Zn2+).

The emulsifier was injected in two ways: using ready salts entered into the aqueous phase (1) or salts formed at the phase boundary of monomer/water at the moment of polymerization (2).

The second method of injection of the emulsifier proved to be more effective. In this case, there was a significant reduction in the interfacial tension which promotes intense microemulsification of monomer.

The kinetics of the polymerization were studied by the method of dilatometry. Interfacial tension at the phase boundary monomer/water was measured by  stalagmometric method. The sizes of the particles of polymer suspensions were determined by electrophoretic light scattering.

It is shown that the polystyrene suspension with narrow particle size distribution and with diameter of 0.2 microns can be obtained using as an emulsifier 0.5% of lithium stearate in the conditions of its synthesis at the phase boundary, with a volume ratio of the monomer/aqueous phase of 1:10, the concentration of the initiator - 0.1%.

Monodispersed granules of polystyrene suspensions with diameter of 0.2 microns are highly promising as carriers of protein cell to create diagnostic kits for various diseases.
Получение полистирольных суспензий заданной дисперсности
Authors: Adikanova Dinara , Yeligbayeva Gulzhakhan , Shaikhutdinov Erengaip , Gritskova Inessa , Milushkova Elena
Published: September 2015

Polystyrene suspensions were synthesized by emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of small additive (3% by weight) of polymethylmethacrylate (as stabilizer). The additive is not compatible with the formed polystyrene. Formed suspensions have narrow size distribution of the polymer granules with a diameter of 0.3-0.4 microns.

The kinetics of polymerization were studied by dilatometric method. There was determined the rate of reaction. Dispersed composition of the polymer suspensions was studied by electrophoretic light scattering. There were found the optimal conditions for obtaining the above-mentioned polystyrene suspensions, which are: phase ratio monomer/water – 1:25, initiator concentration – 2%, the reaction temperature – 70°C.

Obtained polystyrene suspension particles may be used as adsorbent-carriers of various bioligands (live cells, antibodies, viruses) for visualizing during the rapid analysis and identification by optical microscopy.
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid-Mediated Neurotransmission Inhibition in the Pontine Reticular Formation: A Potential Mechanism of Propofol Anesthesia
Authors: Wang Fred
Published: September 2015

Study for underlying anesthetic mechanisms is the key point of general anesthesia. Propofol is a representative of general anesthetics. Many general anesthetics are thought to produce a loss of wakefulness, in part, by enhancing Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission. However, GABAergic neurotransmission in the pontine reticular formation promotes wakefulness. We hypothesized that propofol inhibited GABA current and promoted long-term potentiation (LTP) of pontine tissue,which might be the underlying mechanism of propofol anesthesia. In our pre-study investigation, propofol enhanced GABA current in the thalamic neuron and showed as a characteristic of burst discharge, but burst inhibition was observed in the pontine neuron. Hence, the hypothesis of the GABAergic neurotransmission inhibition in the pontine reticular formation might be the mechanistic base of propofol anesthesia, and given an experimental basis of the theory of central nervous inhibition in general anesthesia.
PENGARUH KEJELASAN SASARAN ANGGARAN TERHADAP SENJANGAN ANGGARAN PADA UIN SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH
Authors: Reskino Reskino , Farah Wilda
Published: August 2015

This research examines the effect budget goal clarity on UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta budgetary slack and tries to understand the influences of organizational commitment on the relation of budget goal clarity as well as UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta budgetary slack. The subjects of this study are structural functionary there are in Rectorat, Internal Audit Unit, eleven faculty, PostGraduate, Syahida Inn, general library of UIN Syarif hidayatullah Jakarta. The analysis method on this research is regression analysis. The results show that budget goal clarity were influenced by the local government institution’s budgetary slack. Then organizational commitment act as moderating variable in the relation of budget goal clarity with local government institution’s budgetary slack.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v11i1.1870
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI, MOTIVASI DAN KARAKTERISTIK PEKERJAAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA PEGAWAI PT. JAYA METAL
Authors: Supriyadi Lili
Published: August 2015

The purposes of this research are to determine the influence of compensation, motivation, and work characteristics on Work Satisfaction. The analysis method used in this research was Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis with using three predictors. Based on the research, can be concluded as follows there is a significant positive effect of compensation to Work Satisfaction in PT Jaya Metal Jakarta. There is a significant positive effect of motivation on Work Satisfaction. Also, there is a significant positive effect of Work Characteristics on Work Satisfaction. Thus, the overall results of this analysis support the hypothesis that there were significant influences of compensation, motivation, and work characteristics on work satisfaction.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v11i1.1873
Al-Qur’ān wa al-Isti‘mār: Radd al-Shaykh al-Ḥājj Ahmad Sanusi (1888-1950) ‘alá al-Isti‘mār min Khilāl Tafsīr Mal’ja’ al-Ṭālibīn
Authors: Rohmana Jajang A.
Published: September 2015

K.H. Ahmad Sanusi played an important role in developing the intellectual traditions of pesantren in Priangan, West Java, Indonesia. Scholars have already  gone some way in describing this role. However, Sanusi’s response to colonialism has, in comparison, almost gone unnoticed. Generally, Sanusi’s works were published while he was in exile, which happened shortly after his return from Mecca. For example, one of his critical works of colonialism was Malja’ Al-Ṭālibīn, a Sundanese Qur’anic exegesis in pegon script which circulated in 1930-1931. In focusing on Sanusi, this article argues that the ‘ulamā’ of pesantren played an important role in embedding influential anti-colonial sentiment in Priangan. This was achieved not only through physical resistance but also through religious publications. Sanusi’s anti-colonial spirit would later influence his interpretation of the Qur’an. His experiences reveal the influence of his pilgrimage to Haramayn in growing a sense of Indonesian nationhood in the early 20th century.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v22i2.1921
Diseño y validación de una escala para evaluar las estrategias de gestión e intervención docente en educación primaria
Authors: Chiva Sanchis Inmaculada , Ramos Santana Genoveva
Published: September 2015

Este artículo aporta evidencias de validación de una escala de valoración destinada a evaluar las estrategias de gestión e intervención docente, también llamadas metodologías docentes, empleadas por el profesorado de primaria. Esta investigación es realizada desde dos aproximaciones: una cuantitativa basada en un estudio de encuesta, donde se recogen las valoraciones de estudiantes acerca de cómo se aprende en el aula y qué recursos, actividades y sistemas de evaluación utiliza el profesorado; y una cualitativa basada en las aportaciones de un comité de personas expertas. Los análisis realizados atienden a la validez de contenido y de constructo de la escala así como a la fiabilidad de sus ítems. La validación de dicha escala se realizó con un total de 9 centros de la Comunidad Valenciana (España), en el nivel de 6º de primaria, concretamente 324 estudiantes. Los resultados permiten, por un lado, comprobar el alto nivel de consistencia interna de la escala de valoración y, por otro lado, presentar un instrumento destinado a la autoevaluación y/o heteroevaluación que ofrezca al profesorado la información necesaria para modificar y mejorar su gestión e intervención en el aula para adaptarse mejor a las competencias y necesidades de sus estudiantes en un contexto de formación permanente.
Interactions 1 as an ELT coursebook: a curricular and theory-based scrutiny
Authors: Sevilla Morales Henry , Gamboa Mena Roy
Published: September 2015

El presente artículo analiza la pertinencia del libro Interactions 1 como texto utilizado en el curso IO-5400 Comunicación Oral I, perteneciente al primer año de la carrera de Bachillerato en la Enseñanza del inglés en una universidad pública en Costa Rica. En este sentido, se estudia la metodología propuesta en el texto, su diseño (imágenes, estrategias didácticas para el desarrollo de habilidades orales y auditivas, recursos que acompañan el texto, entre otros) y su enfoque curricular, a fin de determinar la congruencia entre los principios teóricos que establecen los autores acerca de la evaluación y el diseño de los recursos didácticos y el texto supra citado. Asimismo, se analizó la pertinencia de dicho texto con diferentes aspectos que contiene el currículo de la carrera como: el perfil de salida del estudiante, los objetivos y la metodología, entre otros. El estudio se basó en una metodología de investigación descriptiva donde se combinan estrategias para la recolección de la información, tales como listas de cotejo y escalas Likert. El análisis e interpretación de los datos se realizó mediante la triangulación de fuentes. El estudio devela, por una parte, que el nivel de coherencia del texto Interactions 1 con los principios teóricos para el diseño y la evaluación de recursos didácticos, es insuficiente con respecto a los criterios especializados para esta área. Por otra parte, en relación con los aspectos del currículo de la carrera, resulta aceptable en tanto el docente debe contextualizarlo y complementarlo con sus propios recursos y estrategias didácticas para que resulte totalmente satisfactorio al proceso de aprendizaje del idioma Inglés. El aporte fundamental del estudio comprueba la necesidad de utilizar criterios técnicos para el diseño de recursos didácticos afines al enfoque curricular de los planes de estudios de Enseñanza del Inglés.
El proceso de formación profesional desde el punto de vista complejo e histórico-cultural
Authors: Llerena Companioni Odalia
Published: September 2015

En este ensayo se valoran conceptos e ideas centrales en la obra de Lev. S. Vigotsky y Edgar Morin y se expresan algunos puntos de enlace entre ellas que pueden servir de base al reconocimiento de la formación profesional como proceso complejo, a partir de la Teoría de la Complejidad y el Enfoque Histórico-Cultural como bases teóricas-metodológicas que permiten valorar el desarrollo del proceso de formación profesional, desde una perspectiva crítica, integral y contextualizada culturalmente. Los puntos de referencia que tradicionalmente, caracterizaron el análisis del proceso de formación son objeto de significativas modificaciones en lo que puede denominarse la era de la educación global. Dichos cambios provienen tanto de la evolución científica y tecnológica, como de una concepción educativa que pone en el centro el desarrollo integral del ser humano. Para responder a esta realidad se precisa observar dicho proceso de formación a partir de las peculiaridades individuales y las condiciones en que este se produce, así como las relaciones de mutua influencia entre todos estos aspectos que le otorgan un carácter complejo.
Enhancement of the gas sensing performance of carbon nanotube networked films based on their electrophoretic functionalization with gold nanoparticles
Authors: Dilonardo E. , Penza M. , Alvisi M. , Di Franco C. , Suriano D. , Rossi R. , Palmisano F. , Torsi L. , Cioffi N.
Published: September 2015

Controlled amounts of colloidal Au nanoparticles (NPs), electrochemically pre-synthesized, were directly deposited on MWCNTs sensor devices by electrophoresis. Pristine and Au-functionalized MWCNT networked films were tested as active layers in resistive gas sensors for detection of pollutant gases. Au-modified CNT-chemiresistor demonstrated higher sensitivity to NO2detecting up to sub-ppm level compared to pristine one. The investigation of the cross-sensitivity towards other pollutant gases revealed the decrease of the sensitivity to NO2with the increase of Au content, and, on the other side, the increase of that to H2S; therefore the fine tune of the metal loading on CNTs has allowed to control not only the gas sensitivity but also the selectivity towards a specific gaseous analyte. Finally, the sensing properties of Au-decorated CNT sensor seem to be promising in environmental and automotive gas sensing applications, based on low power consumption and moderate operating temperature.
Artifactual Interpretation
Authors: Wythoff Grant
Published: September 2015

Media archaeology has thus far been informed by Michel Foucault's largely metaphorical use of the term "archaeology" to denote an inquiry into "the law of what can be said, the system that governs the appearance of statements as unique events." But the discipline of traditional archaeology, its primary concern being the study of how objects mediate our relationship to the past, has much to offer a *media* archaeology. I outline here some of the intellectual affinities between these two disciplines, with notes toward future methodological exchange.
Giant on the Shoulders of Dwarfs
Authors: Hron Tania , Khaled Sandrina
Published: September 2015

The essay explores the significance of archaeology and recursion in Kittler's works. The term recursion did not simply replace the term archaeology; it has become the paradigm for Kittler's history of being. Archaeology of knowledge can be described as following an iterative process, uncovering layers leading to the identification of recursive, self referential operations that shape technical innovation as well as concepts, thought and the conditions of reproduction: themes Kittler followed from Discourse Networks to Aphrodite and Eros. Recursion produces a better understanding based less in hermeneutical interpretation than in (data) processing.
Excavating Atari
Authors: Reinhard Andrew
Published: September 2015

A team of archaeologists excavated Alamogordo, New Mexico’s famed “Atari Burial Ground” in 2014 to media fanfare and public speculation of what archaeology is. This salvage project was the first archaeological dig of an assemblage of video games, in this case thousands of Atari cartridges buried by the company in 1983, quickly becoming the stuff of urban legend. Filmed by documentarians for Microsoft’s Xbox Live, the dig marked a global confluence of science, spectacle, and social media, a literal archaeology of media.
Symmetrical Media Archaeology
Authors: Bailey Greg
Published: September 2015

In recent years a significant inter-disciplinary dialogue has been established under the general heading of media archaeology. Yet, this important wide-ranging conversation, which has considered the nature, affect, and ontology of media, has so far heard very little from archaeologists. This paper asks what special insight or approach archaeology or archaeologists—as commonly defined—might bring to these studies. A brief account of street media as encountered through a practice of archaeological wayfaring and wayfinding follows; a case study, which considers boundary making as archaeological reality and explores methodological approaches to the extended archaeological context.
Archaeologies of Electronic Waste
Authors: Taffel Sy
Published: September 2015

The toxicity and volume of electrical waste (commonly referred to as e-waste) forms one material legacy of contemporary digital culture which emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the deleterious material impacts of technological assemblages upon human and ecological systems, and asks serious questions about the sustainability and ethical orientation of current technocultural systems. Globally, around 50 million tonnes of e-waste are generated each year, and this waste is considered to be toxic due to the presence of a “witch’s brew” of substances which are highly hazardous to humans and other biotic systems. Whilst there exist inter-, supra-, and national laws and conventions mandating that most OECD nations (the US being a notable exemption) cannot legally export hazardous wastes to non-OECD nations, there exists a vibrant illegal market in exporting e-waste which is systematically mislabelled as working second-hand electronics goods for sale in emerging markets, with an estimated 50–100 shipping containers of illegally exported e-waste arriving daily in Hong Kong. This short essay seeks to sketch several ways that media archaeology and archaeologies of media provide productive apertures through which to consider issues surrounding e-waste, whilst contextualizing how media archaeology fits within the broader field of materialist media studies.
Hemerochronia, or, Take a Walk on the Wild Side of Time
Authors: Winthrop-Young Geoffrey
Published: September 2015

This essay offers a few brief remarks on certain affects underlying the three main inflections of so-called media archaeology, the most important of which is the affect against hemerochronia, the – alleged – taming of time brought about by historiography. The anti-historiographical orientation is complemented by a view of archaeology as s possible entry point to very different – wilder – realms of time.
Natalizumab treatment in multiple sclerosis: the experience from two Brazilian MS centers
Authors: Oliveira Enedina Maria Lobato de , Simm Renata Faria , Dasic Gorana , Morais Marília Mamprim de , Perreira Samira Luiza dos Apostolos , Callegaro Dagoberto
Published: September 2015

Objective Analyze the demographics, clinical characteristics, efficacy and safety of natalizumab treatment in Brazilian patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) followed up for at least 12 months, in two tertiary MS care centers in São Paulo.Method We evaluated the effect of natalizumab treatment on annualized relapse rate and disability progression in 75 patients with MS treated with natalizumab for at least 12 months. A subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate efficacy of natalizumab treatment in patients with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ≤ 3.0 vs patients with EDSS > 3.Results Patients treated for at least one year with natalizumab showed a 91% reduction in aRR, as well and an improvement in neurological disability. The impact of natalizumab treatment was greater in patients with EDSS < 3.0. Overall, natalizumab was safe but one patient developed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.Conclusion Natalizumab as a third line therapy is safe and efficacious, especially in patients with mild neurological disability.
Clinical and ultrasonographic criteria for using ventriculoperitoneal shunts in newborns with myelomeningocele
Authors: Melo Jose Roberto Tude , Pacheco Pollyana , Melo Emília Nunes de , Vasconcellos Ângela , Passos Rosane Klein
Published: September 2015

Objective Hydrocephalus is one of the main complications associated with myelomeningocele (MM). This study aimed to identify clinical and ultrasonographic criteria for using ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts in this group of patients.Method A retrospective cohort study, based on established protocol for VP shunt implant in hydrocephalic children with MM. Parameters used to guide the indication of VP shunts included measurement of head circumference (HC), evaluation of fontanels, and measurement of lateral ventricular atrium (LVA) width by transcranial ultrasonography.Results 43 children were included in the analysis, of which 74% had hydrocephalus and required a VP shunt. These children had LVA width ≥ 15 mm, showed increased HC, or had bulging fontanels.Conclusion VP shunt is required in children with increased HC (≥ 2 standard deviation regarding age group), bulging fontanels, or LVA width of ≥ 15 mm after the closure of MM.
ANTRACNOSE DO CAQUIZEIRO CAUSADA POR Colletotrichum horii: INCIDÊNCIA EM RAMOS, FOLHAS, FLORES E FRUTOS EM CAMPO
Authors: BLOOD RENATO REZENDE YOUNG , ROZWALKA LUCIANE CRISTINA , MAY DE MIO LOUISE LARISSA
Published: September 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a incidência em várias partes da planta e o desenvolvimento da antracnose do caquizeiro causada por Colletotrichum horiinas cultivares Fuyu e Kakimel produzidas sob os sistemas orgânico e convencional, respectivamente, nas safras de 2010/2011 e 2011/2012, em Campina Grande do Sul, Paraná, Brasil. Em cada pomar, 10 plantas foram selecionadas aleatoriamente, e 10 ramos do ano por planta, distribuídos ao redor dacopa, foram marcados para as avaliações de incidência de antracnose em ramos e folhas, a cada 15 dias. A quantificação de frutos caídos com ou sem sintomas da doença foi a cada 15 dias, durante o período de crescimento de frutos até a colheita, relacionada com a produção total. C. horii em flores foi avaliada em campo e também após incubação no laboratório. Infecção latente foi observada em frutos verdes coletados aos 90; 120 e 150 dias após a floração. Em ambas as safras, observou-se a queda de frutos com sintomas de antracnose entre os meses de janeiro e abril. C. horii é capaz de infectar flores, permanecer latente e provocar sintomas de antracnose em frutos imaturos. Frutos colhidos sadios apresentaram sintomas em pós-colheita após a incubação.
THE LYCHEE TREE PROPAGATION BY LAYERING
Authors: LINS LEILA CRISTINA ROSA , SALOMÃO LUIZ CARLOS CHAMHUM , CECON PAULO ROBERTO , SIQUEIRA DALMO LOPES DE
Published: September 2015

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of season and different substrates on rooting of air layers of lychee (Litchi chinensisSonn.) for the production of seedlings to ensure the formation of uniform and productive orchards. Air layers were done in plants of the Bengal cultivar using leafy and healthy woody branches, with about 0.010 to 0.015 m in diameter, in which were performed complete girdling with 0.020 m wide at a distance of 0.30 to 0.40 m below the apex. Then the branches were wrapped in moistened substrate. The layering was made at six times of theyear (January, March, May, July, September and November) and two substrates were used (coconut fiber and sphagnum) in a 6 x 2 factorial design in a randomized block with ten replicates. After 90 days, layers were separated from the matrix plant and evaluated for rooting and callus formation, root number, considering only the primary roots, length, area and volume of the roots, beyond the dry weight of roots and calluses. The months of January, March, September and November showed the best results for all analyzed variables related to rooting. With respect to the substrates, the only difference was in January and March to the root number and dry weight of roots, where the sphagnum showed the best results. The month of July was more conducive to the formation of calluses. The period between September and March was more suitable to the propagation of lychee, when there were rooting percentages above 90%, in addition to the formation of large amount of roots.
STRUCTURAL LEAF CHANGES IN TREES AROUND A SUBWAY AIR DUCT
Authors: Rodrigues Renato de Aragão Ribeiro , Vaz Vanderson Corrêa , Sato Alice , Arruda Rosani do Carmo de Oliveira , Castro Wagner Antonio Chiba de , Silva-Matos Dalva Maria da
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTWhile a number of papers have shown that subway systems have an impact on the air quality through the release of particulate matters, no information about the impact of such particles on tree attributes is available. Tree leaves from three different species from the exit side of a subway station in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were more asymmetrical than leaves from the entrance side. This leaves also presenting changes in leaves cuticle and chlorophyll content.
POPULATION STRUCTURE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) Steud. IN TWO FRAGMENTS AT DIFFERENT REGENERATION STAGES IN THE CAATINGA, IN SERGIPE, BRAZIL
Authors: Silva Ana Cecília da Cruz , Oliveira Diogo Gallo de
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to analyze the vertical and diameter structure and the spatial distribution pattern of Bauhinia cheilantha in two Caatinga fragments in Sergipe, Brazil, at different regeneration stages. Thirty plots were demarcated in area I (Canindé de São Francisco and Poço Redondo), which has vegetation regeneration, and 25 plots in area II (Porto da Folha) with preserved vegetation, both having 400 m2. All B. cheilanthaindividuals had their height and circumference (circumference at breast height > 6 cm) measured. Possible differences in height and diameter at breast height were tested in the two populations by using Student’s T-test. The distribution pattern of species was calculated through Payandeh’s index. We sampled 154 B. cheilantha individuals, equivalent to 33.3% of the plots in area I and in 1,027 individuals in area II, totaling 100% frequency. Height and the diameter of the two populations were statistically different, where AI achieved all values lower than AII. The spatial distribution pattern of B. cheilantha found in both areas was aggregate, with values of 11.85 and 9.00, respectively. Thus, it became clear that the population in AII is at a more advanced successional status than AI, due to its longer conservation time.
CLONAL PROPAGATION OF NEEM (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) VIA DIRECT AND INDIRECT IN VITRO REGENERATION
Authors: Houllou Laureen Michelle , Souza Robson Antônio de , Santos Elizabete Cristina Pacheco dos , Silva José Jackson Pereira da , Barbosa Marta Ribeiro , Sauvé Jean Philippe Guimarães , Harand Wolfgang
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe study was conducted with shoot tip explants of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) to identify a viable regenerative process. Shoot tips were obtained from neem embryos cultured alternatingly in DKW medium supplemented with BAP and medium without hormones. Initial shoot development was influenced by cotyledon presence. Basal callus, excised from in vitro stem base, also presented organogenic potential. In some cases, plant lines, obtained from each seed, presented different characteristics. The most common characteristic observed in vitro was callus formation at the stem base. However, the rarest characteristics were stem callus formation and leaf senescence. The regenerated shoot tips were further subculture and rooted on a medium supplemented with IBA so that complete plants could be obtained. The rooted plants were transplanted to a greenhouse and successfully acclimatized. No significant differences in in vivo development were observed between neem plants from callus and from shoot tip propagation.
ESTRUTURA DOS FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO POXIM-SE, COMO SUBSÍDIO À RESTAURAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA
Authors: Jesus Edilma Nunes de , Ferreira Robério Anastácio , Aragão Alexsandro Guimarães , Santos Thadeu Ismerim Silva , Rocha Sérgio Luís
Published: August 2015

RESUMOO planejamento para a restauração de extensas áreas fragmentadas tem como ponto de partida a caracterização dos efeitos da fragmentação na paisagem. Assim, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de caracterizar os principais aspectos da fragmentação florestal na bacia hidrográfica do rio Poxim-SE, verificando-se seus possíveis efeitos, através de análises quantitativas da estrutura da paisagem. Para isso, foram utilizados indicadores de paisagem (métricas) selecionados a partir das opções do programa Patch Analyst 5.0. Foram demarcados pontos georreferenciados na área, para relacionar os dados apontados pelas métricas com as informações em campo. Por meio da análise das métricas, observou-se que cerca de 85% dos fragmentos são pequenos. Todos os fragmentos da área apresentam formas irregulares e alto grau de isolamento, com distância média de 657,3 m. Na simulação de uma área de borda de 35 m, a área total seria reduzida em 32% com a exclusão de 28 fragmentos que estariam totalmente sob essa condição. As informações em campo estão de acordo com os indicadores de intensa ação antrópica, o que levou à fragmentação da área. Os efeitos da fragmentação são evidentes na bacia hidrográfica do rio Poxim, e o planejamento de metas para conservação da biodiversidade é necessário para reduzir a ação antrópica nessa área.
CHUVA DE SEMENTES EM ESTÁDIOS SUCESSIONAIS DE FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUAL EM VIÇOSA-MG
Authors: Braga Antonio Jorge Tourinho , Borges Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e , Martins Sebastião Venâncio
Published: August 2015

RESUMOOs objetivos deste estudo foram caracterizar e avaliar a dinâmica da chuva de sementes em dois estádios sucessionais de uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, no campus de Viçosa, MG (20°46’ S e 42°52’ W), da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. No estudo realizado entre o período de abril de 2007 e março de 2008, foram reconhecidos 84 taxa, sendo 41 espécies pertencentes a 25 famílias na floresta inicial e 24 espécies pertencentes a 13 famílias na floresta avançada, cuja forma de vida dominante foi arbórea e a síndrome de dispersão predominante, a zoocórica. A densidade média de sementes na floresta inicial foi de 637,5 sementes/ m2 e na avançada, de 124,6 sementes/m2. O índice de Sørensen de 55% indicou baixa similaridade florística entre as sementes das espécies encontradas na chuva de sementes dos dois trechos de florestas analisados.
CAPACIDADE ADAPTATIVA DE ESPÉCIES DO CERRADO UTILIZADAS EM ÁREAS DE RECUPERAÇÃO AMBIENTAL1
Authors: Martins Ana Carolina Ferreira , Schiavini Ivan , Araújo Glein Monteiro de , Lopes Sérgio de Faria
Published: August 2015

RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade adaptativa, com base em dados de área foliar específica (AFE) e comprimento do pecíolo (CP) de espécies nativas do Cerrado de duas áreas em recuperação, comparadas com indivíduos-controle. Foram selecionadas cinco espécies na Área 1 (luminosidade intensa) e 10 espécies na Área 2 (luminosidade intensa). Houve diferenças significativas entre as espécies das duas áreas e o controle, para a maioria das espécies estudadas. A AFE e o CP, ao contrário do que se esperava, foram significativamente maiores na Área 2 do que no controle (sombreamento). Entretanto, grande parte das espécies da Área 1 tiveram AFE e o CP iguais ou menores do que o controle e do que as espécies da Área 2. As espécies estudadas possuem, portanto, a capacidade de ajustar sua morfologia e, provavelmente, também sua fisiologia, para a aclimatação a ambientes com luminosidade intensa. Assim, são espécies potenciais para utilização em programas de recuperação ambiental.
CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE AROEIRA DO SERTÃO (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão) EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS
Authors: Kratka Patricia Camargos , Correia Carmen Regina Mendes de Araújo
Published: August 2015

RESUMOEste trabalho buscou avaliar o crescimento de Myracrodruon urundeuvaAllemão produzida em substratos preparados com lodo de esgoto, composto orgânico e esterco bovino. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação por 120 dias no Viveiro do Centro de Referência em Conservação da Natureza e Recuperação de Áreas Degradadas – CRAD, Brasília-DF. Foram testados quatro tipos de adubos: (1) Osmocote®; (2) esterco bovino; (3) composto orgânico; e (4) lodo de esgoto seco. Cada adubo foi submetido a três composições diferentes: (1) 25%, (2) 50% e (3) 75%, com exceção da testemunha e do Osmocote®, totalizando 11 tratamentos com 10 repetições cada. As variáveis analisadas foram: Diâmetro do Coleto (DC), Altura da Muda (H), Número de Folhas (NF), Matéria Fresca de Parte Aérea (MFPA), Matéria Seca de Parte Aérea (MSPA), Matéria Fresca de Raiz (MFR), Matéria Seca de Raiz (MSR) e Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD). As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados indicaram interação significativa entre os tratamentos. As maiores médias foram obtidas nos tratamentos com esterco bovino, seguidas do tratamento com composto. As plantas produzidas apenas com Osmocote® e com lodo de esgoto morreram. O resultado apontou a importância de incorporar matéria orgânica ao substrato para produção de mudas de M. urundeuva e o composto orgânico na proporção de 25% equivale ao esterco bovino na proporção de 25, 50 e 75%.
O Estado na democracia deliberativa: as raízes de uma antinomia
Authors: Machado Francisco Mata
Published: August 2015

O artigo pretende identificar na Teoria do Agir Comunicativo a explicação para o tratamento ambíguo conferido ao Estado pelas diferentes variantes da teoria da democracia deliberativa. A partir de uma crítica teórica, constata-se que o deliberacionismo se refere a práticas políticas não apenas distintas entre si, como antagônicas. Propõe-se que a indefinição quanto ao preciso significado da democracia deliberativa é um desdobramento dos seus fundamentos habermasianos. Descobre-se que, na filosofia de Habermas, o mundo da vida se racionaliza para criar o sistema estatal, mas, igualmente, por ele é colonizado ou destruído. Dessa antinomia segue uma teoria política para a qual o Estado pode ser tanto um espaço de simples influência informal dos fluxos comunicativos egressos da esfera pública, como o seu oposto, na condição de um aparato promotor de fóruns decisórios participativos.
A relação dos adolescentes com a escrita extraescolar e escolar - inclusão e exclusão por via da escrita
Authors: Cardoso Inês , Pereira Luísa Álvares
Published: August 2015

Neste artigo, partimos de alguns apontamentos sobre o desenvolvimento do ensino-aprendizagem da escrita em Portugal, sintetizando diferentes enfoques investigativos. Assumiremos as dimensões cognitivas, pessoais e sociais da escrita e baseamo-nos no pressuposto de que deve estar subjacente ao processo de aprender e ensinar a escrever, numa perspetiva multifuncional e processual, o conhecimento sobre a relação dos alunos com a escrita, em contextos escolares e extraescolares. Do dispositivo metodológico montado, centramo-nos numa oficina sobre a escrita com adolescentes e na descrição de dimensões que configuram a complexidade das suas relações com a escrita. Chegámos, assim, à conceptualização de três ideais-tipo de relação com a escrita, que se constituem em modos de interpretar este fenómeno pluridimensional e instável, e são suscetíveis de fornecer pistas para um ensino mais inclusivo da produção escrita, produzindo uma relação mais positiva dos alunos com este modo de expressão.
Da P&D à inovação: desafios para o setor elétrico brasileiro
Authors: Bin Adriana , Vélez Maria Isabel , Ferro Ana Flávia Portilho , Salles-Filho Sergio Luiz Monteiro , Mattos Carolina
Published: September 2015

ResumoNo Brasil, companhias atuantes no setor elétrico (geração, transmissão e distribuição – GTD) são obrigadas a investir pelo menos 1% de sua receita operacional líquida em pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) e eficiência energética, obrigação que traz grandes desafios à gestão da pesquisa e da inovação. Inseridas em um setor tipicamente comprador de inovações, essas companhias enfrentam limitações relacionadas à geração de inovações: com frequência, os resultados de projetos de P&D não são implementados, o que aponta para problemas na lógica da política de incentivo para inovação no setor, mas também para ausência de mecanismos robustos de tomada de decisões que apoiem as empresas na geração de benefícios a partir de seus esforços de pesquisa. Este trabalho apresenta uma ferramenta aplicável a empresas do setor elétrico brasileiro com o propósito de caracterizar e propor soluções para superar e/ou prevenir lacunas científicas e tecnológicas, mercadológicas e gerenciais susceptíveis de ocorrência em projetos de P&D, no intuito de ampliar a apropriação, adoção e difusão de seus resultados e dos benefícios decorrentes.
A substituição de bens de capital: um modelo de otimização sob a óptica da Engenharia de Produção
Authors: Abensur Eder Oliveira
Published: September 2015

ResumoA substituição de bens de capital é um evento comum a todas as empresas. A decisão do momento ótimo de substituição de máquinas e equipamentos representa um evento crítico e irreversível que ocorre com grande frequência nas indústrias. Essas decisões de investimento são um dos campos tradicionais de aplicação da Engenharia Econômica. Em geral, tais decisões são tomadas por engenheiros ou por outros profissionais atuando com base nos dados levantados por engenheiros. Este trabalho desenvolveu um modelo matemático de otimização flexível e abrangente para suporte desse tipo de decisão. Paralelamente, foi feita uma análise e organização dos principais conceitos e procedimentos utilizados pelas diferentes técnicas propostas para esse tipo de decisão pelas referências adotadas por uma amostra qualitativa e relevante dos cursos de engenharia de produção brasileiros. O modelo apresentado foi denominado de RVPSE. Os testes foram feitos sobre dados reais do mercado automobilístico brasileiro, com resultados gerenciais promissores.