bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROFIL PROGNASI WAJAH BEBERAPA POPULASI DUNIA [Prognation Profile of World Population Faces]
Authors: Koesbardiati Toetik
Published: June 2021

The face is one of the major variables in determining the biological characteristics of a population in the identification effort of human skeletal remains. This is not only important in the field of forensic anthropology but also the field of bioarchaeology. The purpose of this study is to describe the variation of facial angle in some of the world population. The method applied is anthropometry. The study material is the skull of nine world populations of Europe, North Africa, Subsahara Africa, South America, Inuit, Australomelanesia, Indonesia, Polynesia and China. The results showed that among the population tested, Australomelanesoid, Polynesian, Indonesian and African Subsahara populations had a prognathic face both on the even face, as well as the alveolar and facial projection. In contrast, the population groups of China, Europe, Inuit and North Africa are population groups that have faces of orthognath.  ABSTRAKWajah adalah salah satu variabel utama dalam menentukan ciri biologis suatu populasi pada usaha identifikasi sisa rangka manusia. Hal ini tidak hanya panting dalam bidang antropologi forensik tetapi juga bidang bioarkeologi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan variasi sudut wajah pada beberapa populasi dunia. Metode yang diterapkan adalah antropometri. Bahan penelitian adalah tengkorak dari sembilan populasi dunia yaitu populasi Eropa, Afrika Utara, Afrika Subsahara, Amerika Selatan, Inuit, Australomelanesia, Indonesia, Polinesia dan China. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diantara populasi yang diuji, populasi Australomelanesoid, Polinesia, Indonesia dan Afrika Subsahara memiliki wajah yang prognath baik pada bagian wajah genap, maupun bagian alveolar serta proyeksi wajah. Sebaliknya kelompok populasi China, Eropa, Inuit dan Afrika Utara adalah kelompok populasi yang memiliki wajah orthognath.
TINJAUAN ARKEOLOGI RELIGI PADA MAKAM RAJA SAOSAO DAN RAJA LAKIDENDE DI KEN DARI SULAWESI TENGGARA [Review of Archaeology Religy in Saosao Tomb and Lakidende Tomb in South East Sulawesi]
Authors: Subair Muh.
Published: June 2021

Civilization of a city can be seen from archaeological remains. Kendari city is known as a city whose society is religious. The purpose of this paper is to know the history of the entry of Islam in Kendari and archaeological remains of the evidence of the entry of Islam in Kendari. The method used is literature study, interview and survey. Islam in Kendari was brought by Islamic religious teachers, Muslim traders and ulama, this is known from the existence of tombs of religious figures o f Islam in the past Kendari.  ABSTRAKPeradaban suatu kota dapat dilihat dari tinggalan-tinggalan arkeologi. Kota Kendari dikenal sebagai kota yang masyarakatnya religius. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejarah masuknya Islam di Kendari dan tinggalan-tinggalan arkeologi yang menjadi bukti masuknya Islam di Kendari. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka, wawancara dan survei. Islam di Kendari dibawa oleh guru agama Islam, pedagang muslim dan ulama, hal ini diketahui dari keberadaan makam tokoh-tokoh agama Islam Kendari pada masa lalu.
TATA RUANG PEMUKIMAN DI PULAU SELU TANIMBAR BARAT [Settlement Layout in Selu Island West Tanimbar]
Authors: Wattimena Lucas
Published: June 2021

Selu Island is one of the small islands within the Tanimbar Archipelago. Geographically the location of Selu Island is strategic enough to connect between the great mainland of Yamdena Island and the surrounding islands. This paper provides an overview of how the characteristics of ancient settlement layout based on the folklore of the local community. The objectives o f the study may be to provide 1) information about ancient settlement forms based on the folklore community. 2) as an information material for archaeological research in Moluccas especially and Indonesia generally. Why Selu Island is so interesting to be studied, because folklore spatial local community settlement is closely related to megalithic tradition. Research method using ethnoarchaeology approach. Technique of collecting data using survey, literature study and interview. The results showed that the characteristics of ancient settlement layout forms on Selu Island, West Tanimbar based on the level of public knowledge. This can be seen in the distribution layout of settlements based on folklore and archaeological evidence oriented to religious elements and ancient burial systems.  ABSTRAKPulau Selu adalah salah satu pulau kecil dalam gugusan Kepulauan Tanimbar. Secara geografis letak Pulau Selu cukup strategis menghubungkan antara daratan besar Pulau Yamdena dan pulaupulau sekitarnya. Tulisan ini memberikan gambaran tentang bagaimana karakteristik tata ruang pemukiman kuno berdasarkan folklore masyarakat setempat. Tujuan penelitian kiranya dapat memberikan 1) informasi tentang bentuk-bentuk pemukiman kuno berdasarkan folklore masyarakat. 2) sebagai bahan informasi bagi penelitian arkeologi di Maluku khususnya dan Indonesia umumnya. Kenapa Pulau Selu begitu menarik untuk diteliti, karena folklore tata ruang pemukiman masyarakat setempat berkaitan erat dengan tradisi megalitik. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan etnoarkeologi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan survei, studi pustaka dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa karakteristik bentuk-bentuk tataruang pemukiman kuno di Pulau Selu, Tanimbar Barat berdasarkan tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dalam pembagian tataruang pemukiman berdasarkan folklore dan bukti arkeologi yang berorientasi pada unsur religi dan sistem penguburan kuno.
Corporate financial planning during the digitalization of the economy
Authors: TKACHENKO Denis D.
Published: June 2021

Subject. Due to the current circumstances of the economic crisis, high competition, impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, enterprises decide to develop the digitalization of financial planning, since it will allow them to use new IT resources, quickly respond to market changes and manage their resources flexibly.
Objectives. I herein study possible ways of developing the digitalization of financial planning for industrial enterprises.
Methods. The study is based on methods of empirical (observation, collection and selection of facts and tracing their relationship) and theoretical research (study into the internal structure and development patterns of systems and phenomena, their interaction).
Results. The article unveils what urged to start the digital transformation, and determined key challenges and avenues of the digitalization of financial planning for industrial enterprises.
Conclusions and Relevance. During the crisis, financial planning should follow from the strategy to tactics. Strategic financial planning requires to look into the future of the development, understand the objective, analyze strengths and weaknesses, summarize strategic alternatives, and choose aspects for further optimization. Setting up a new financial plan to become more competitive and effective, in the current circumstances of the economic digitalization, the enterprise should convert into a new IT format, which would ensure the comprehensive nature of planning procedures, their continuity to make the system more flexible and adapt it to the production specifics in terms of the time horizon, type of production, and conditions of internal and external operations.
Waves of the IPO market: The history and emergence
Authors: BELYAEV Vladimir A.
Published: June 2021

Subject. The article considers the phenomenon of clustering in the initial public offering (IPO) market.
Objectives. The aim is to perform a critical analysis of literature on the IPO market behavior and determine the optimal moment of company's listing on stock exchange.
Methods. The study draws on analytical methods of information gathering and processing, as well as the comparative analysis.
Results. The paper summarizes results of works by researchers on the IPO markets clustering, defines criteria for successful listing on stock exchange, unveils a number of factors affecting the market dynamics. It also determines possible ways and indicators to predict the onset of the hot issue market for initial public offerings.
Conclusions. Macroeconomic factors and investor sentiment explain the clustering of IPO markets. Given that the waves in this market are of short-term nature, the macroeconomic performance is an inaccurate indicator, when predicting the onset of waves of initial public offerings, as opposed to investor sentiment. Indicators, like the reversal of the stock market from recession to growth, positive market dynamics for three months, and a period of low imputed volatility may serve as indicators of the imminent onset of a wave of initial public offerings. A successful IPO of a company operating in a particular industry may lead to an increase in the number of transactions of similar companies from this industry, provided that the stock market continues to show a positive trend during the period, which is necessary to get ready for an IPO.
Ecologization of the Russian tax system: Shifting the tax burden from labor to ecology
Authors: ZATSARNAYA Nadezhda A.
Published: June 2021

Subject. The article considers the tax burden shifting from mobile factors of production (labor) to environmental indicators.
Objectives. The study aims to create a model for transferring the tax burden from labor to resources by reducing the rates of some taxes, and increasing others.
Methods. The paper explores a variety of sources of information, the analysis and synthesis of information, logical formalization, and math modeling.
Results. I analyze the interpretation of the greening or ecologization category and provide my own definition, consider various approaches to the implementation of this category presented earlier by scientists, who dealt with this issue, outline advantages and problems of applying the theory of greening the tax system in practice, create a model of transferring the tax burden from labor to resources, describe possibilities of its application, its strengths and weaknesses.
Conclusions. The idea of greening the tax system that rests on the redistribution of tax burden between the means of production is the most popular. Based on this idea, it should be borne in mind that environmental taxes should serve as a tool for ensuring sustainable environmental and economic development of a country, which can be achieved, if environmental taxes meet not only formal criteria, performing the function of pumping up the budget, but also perform other functions (preventive, compensatory, stimulating, etc.). Nevertheless, even if all the conditions are met, the real consequences of tax burden shift may differ from targets.
IMPLEMENTING COMPETENCY-BASED ASSESSMENT IN A FIRST YEAR ENGINEERING DESIGN COURSE
Authors: Frank Brian , Bailey Simon , Rogers Aphra
Published: June 2021

Competency-based assessment (CBA) is increasingly of interest in higher education, particularly in the professions. This assessment approach requires that students demonstrate satisfactory performance in specified measurable outcomes for progression, rather than meeting a particular overall average in a range of assessments. The paper describes the implementation of CBA in a first year engineering design and practice course. Each competency was linked to multiple assessment points to allow multiple opportunities to meet the competency without requiring the teaching staff to regrade assignments that did not meet expectations. The structure was designed to use no new additional course personnel. Based on this work the team recommends using past grades and learning outcome data the likely consequences of applying CBA to course assessment schemes, running CBA in parallel witha traditional grading scheme, and planning for flexibility in the grading scheme. Applying CBA to authentic activities was much more complex than for individual tests.
NEW SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROGRAM PROPOSAL – MINDSET AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Paul Robyn , Ayers Gillian , Bergerson Joule , Black Kerry , Brucker Tanya , Dawoud Caroline , Eggermont Marjan , Knight Andy Knight , McCoy Sean , Rangelova Elena , Wood David
Published: June 2021

With the continued climate crisis, there is increasing recognition for the important of sustainabilityeducation in engineering. At the University of Calgary, we are developing a program in Sustainable Systems Engineering to address this need. Systems thinking and sustainability are intrinsically linked, as in order to comprehend the wicked challenges of sustainability today, we must take a holistic, interconnected, systems approach. This paper outlines sustainability education literature, and our approach to program development. Overall, we hope to foster mindsets and develop engineering students who are able to fundamentally shift the discourse on sustainability engineering within industry, and critically reflect on the role of engineering itself.
ADAPTATION OF A CLASSROOM OBSERVATION PROTOCOL FOR ACTIVE LEARNING
Authors: Van Beek Allison , McCahan Susan
Published: June 2021

In our work, we are focusing on the use of classroom observation to provide feedback on instructional space design. An initiative to redesign teaching space began a decade ago at a large, research-intensive institution. In September 2018, a large-scale (477 seat) active learning classroom became operational. The affordances of this space are intended to enable active teaching and learning in large classes. However, it is difficult to assess how successful this space is for active learning. A multi-year study has been undertaken to observe teaching practice in situ, with the goalof developing design principles for instructional space and technology that support the development, design, and implementation of teaching activities. Existing teaching observation protocols do not fully capture the interaction between the instructor and the space because such protocols were generally intended for other purposes. The goal is to develop a protocol that captures activities that are both intrinsic and extrinsic to teaching. This paper describes the development and use of an observation protocol. The core of the protocol is the wellknownTeaching Dimensions Observation Tool (TDOP). The scope of the TDOP is extended to active learning activities drawing from the Active Learning Classroom Observation Tool (ALCOT). The resulting extended protocol, TDOP+, was used for coding both live and recorded classroomobservations in the Winter 2020 term. This extended protocol allows the researchers to capture information that characterizes the intersection of pedagogy, space, and technology through Activity Theory. In future work, the data gathered through observations will be analyzed using theDifferentiated Overt Learning Activities (DOLA) framework, to provide insight into what types of teaching activity happens in a large-scale active learning classroom across STEM education and how active learning in large classrooms compares to pedagogy in other spaces.
EXPLORING STUDENTS’ INTERPRETATIONS OF SUCCESS: A RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
Authors: Ullrich Max , S. Strong David
Published: June 2021

The nebulous term ‘student success’, and other similar terms such as ‘academic success’, are widelyused in education research papers as all-encompassing phrases representing a wide variety of student outcomes, typically academic achievement and persistence. There is limited research addressing how success during an undergraduate engineering program is defined from thestudent point of view. A 60-question research survey with 266 responses, a response rate of 8%, was conducted at Queen’s University to explore this gap. The survey was validated with a mixed-methods pilot study. Instrument validity, reliability, and fairness were established duringthe full study. Scale reliability for a modified version of a Future Time Perspectives survey was established using an exploratory factor analysis with a “meritorious” KMO of0.81 with five factors explaining 49.60% of the variance.
COORDINATING THE INSTRUCTION OF FOUR ONLINE COURSES
Authors: Goh Seach Chyr (Ernest) , Eikenaar Jannik Haruo , Shirazi Mehran
Published: June 2021

The University of British Columbia Vantage College offers a pathway for academically qualified international students who do not yet meet the English language admission requirements fordirect entry into UBC. In the summer of 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, we taught four courses to a cohort of 64 students scattered across the globe. The courses were taught online and asynchronously, raising coordination challenges in terms of class schedule and delivery, assessment, and student support. To address those challenges, we developed a highly structured weekly schedule, specifying lecture and assessment days, as well as regular, synchronous office hours. We met weekly to keep each other updated about the progress of students. Students falling behind in multiple courses were reported in an “early alert” system: a university-specific resource through which students are contacted by health and wellness staff. A midterm survey was conducted and the feedback was generally positive. Final results in the courses were varied, with some comparable
IMPACT OF ONLINE TEACHING TECHNIQUES ON STUDENT ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING DYNAMICS
Authors: Ghasemloonia Ahmad , Singh Meera
Published: June 2021

Engineering Dynamics has historically been one of the most challenging courses in the engineeringcurriculum. At this institution, Dynamics is taken by approximately 500 students annually and the failure rate has been between 15-20% for the past 10 years. This rate has serious implications on program length and student retention. In the last few years, comprehensive studies have been conducted by the authors aimed at improving these statistics. Plans to focus further on improvingstudent engagement in Dynamics were made critical in Fall 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequential requirement that it had to be offered completely online. The primary objective when setting up this online offering of Dynamics was to maximize student engagementwhile leveraging the new possibilities of online education. This paper reflects on the impacts of the details of the course structure on student engagement. In addition to student outcomes, student survey results associated with the impacts of online learning are analyzed. Some challenges are identified that require further focus and evaluation. It is concluded that student outcomes inEngineering Dynamics may benefit post-pandemic by implementing some of the online learning techniques adopted in Fall 2020 in a blended course delivery.
USING ACTOR NETWORK THEORY TO EXPLORE SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES IN AN ENGINEERING & SOCIETY COURSE
Authors: Irish Robert , Romkey Lisa
Published: June 2021

This paper explores the use of Actor-Network Theory as a tool for exploring the complexity ofsustainability issues in a core Engineering and Society course for second-year students in a large,multidisciplinary engineering program. In the course, Actor Network Theory, which is a method for analyzing sociotechnical issues with an emphasis on the concept of power and its distribution, was introduced to the students through a series of learning activities and an assignment, initially encouraging the students to apply the approach to a system within their own life. Subsequently, the approach was used to analyze complex sociotechnical issues, for example, the use of Coal-based energy in Nova Scotia, and the Coastal Gaslink pipeline dispute in the Wet’suwet'enterritory. This paper describes our approach to introducing Actor Network Theory to engineering students, the benefits and limitations of the approach, and the efficacy of the approach for exploring sustainability issues. Other instructors may consider the introduction of ActorNetwork Theory through courses in Engineering & Society and Engineering Design.
LEARNING NOT BURNING (OUT): SUSTAINABLE TIME MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION
Authors: Rupar Nicholas J. , Strong David S.
Published: June 2021

In recent years, there has been some concern raised regarding decreased mental health andwellbeing and increased reports of surface-learning tendencies in Canadian engineering students. Prior papers have noted possible links between these trends and the manner in which students use their time. Having completed a study on student time use, this paper presents some initial results – including a frequency assessment of reasons for student absences – which seem to support some of the previously hypothesized systemic problems. Following this, an overview of institution- andinstructor-imposed constraints precedes a discussion on how these constraints may be contributing to student time use difficulties, and ultimately to decreased wellbeing and learning capacity. A sampling of possible interventions are then presented, and important validity considerations for conducting such research are discussed. Research into the efficacy of these interventions, due to lack of existing empirical proof, should be conducted.
AN ADAPTED ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS: GUIDING TOUCHSTONES
Authors: Dubiel Chelsea , Seniuk Cicek Jillian , Greene Roxanne , Bailey Shawn , Delijani Farhoud
Published: June 2021

The field of engineering needs to develop while healing our relations with the lands, waters, and living systems. Fostering ethical spaces where Indigenous ways of knowing and being and western worldviews can hold space together, and cease to separate the technical from the social, are key to progressing equitably as a society. In the field of engineering within Turtle Island, it is essential that we adapt the engineering design process to reflect this. Following the execution of an Engineering and Architecture transdisciplinary Design Build course at University of Manitoba, and in partnership with the Shoal Lake No. 40 First Nation, it was acknowledged by stakeholders that further analysis of this project could establish lessons learned. This paper speaks to engineering education practice. The objective of this research is to develop recommendations for how the engineering design process can make space for Indigenous ways of knowing and being. Shoal Lake No. 40 community members, one engineering contractor, and four university faculty members were asked their perspectives on the development and implementation of two projects conducted with the community members and on the First Nation lands. Through the co-analysis of these open-ended discussions, recommendations were developed for how the engineering design process can integrate four touchstones external to the design process. The touchstones enable an engineer to perceive the design process and establish core intentions for a project that creates space for Indigenous values and principles and western worldviews.
The impact of the transformation of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the reproduction of human capital: socio-economic aspect
Authors: Nyussupova Gulnara , Aidarkhanova Gaukhar , Young Stephen S.
Published: June 2021

In the context of the transition of the national economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan to an innovative type of development, the issues of the formation and development of human capital are becoming increasingly important. Increasing labor productivity, developing high-tech production, creating innovative products in the republic is impossible without providing the branches of the national economy with personnel who have the necessary professional and personal competencies. In turn, social and economic factors affect the formation and quality of human capital, while there is an uneven spatial distribution of human resources. Accordingly, the priorities of the socio-economic development of the territories require coordination with the tasks of increasing human capital. The basis of this study is the analysis of the reproduction processes of human capital in the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account the socio-economic component. The object of the research is the human capital of the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the subject of the research is the socio-economic aspect of the development of human capital. The method of the integral index for assessing human capital was taken as the main model for calculating human capital. We identified not only socio-economic factors affecting the effective use of human capital in the regions, but also demographic, environmental components and calculated indices based on these factors. The analysis showed that one of the key factors affecting the differentiation of the level of accumulated human capital is socio-economic. According to the results, the regions were identified as leaders and outsiders in terms of the level of accumulated human capital, regions with a post-industrial warehouse of the economy have high indicators of the human capital index, regions with agricultural specialization are low.
Uczelnia – nie-miejsce? Poziom wiedzy społeczności akademickiej o uniwersytecie w kontekście przywiązania do miejsca
Authors: Warcholik Witold
Published: June 2021

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań ankietowych, zmierzających do oceny poziomu wiedzy społeczności akademickiej o uczelni, w kontekście przywiązania do miejsca. Próbę zbadania komponentu poznawczego, jednego z wielu aspektów identyfikacji z miejscem, podjęto w celu określenia, czy uczelnia jest postrzegana przez studentów i pracowników naukowych jako anonimowe nie-miejsce. Wyniki sondażu diagnostycznego zostały uzupełnione definicjami i aktualnym stanem badań nad problematyką miejsca i przywiązania do miejsca. Zarówno w przypadku studentów, jak i pracowników wykazano ograniczoną wiedzę o uczelni, z którą grupy te związane są w okresach mierzonych w miesiącach lub latach. W przypadku pracowników naukowych prawidłowe odpowiedzi przeważały jedynie w pytaniach opierających się na informacjach organizacyjnych i proceduralnych, w przeciwieństwie do tych, które dotyczyły historii i aktualnych wydarzeń związanych z głównym gmachem uczelni i jego bezpośrednim otoczeniem. W świetle tych odpowiedzi uczelnia jawi się raczej jako anonimowe nie-miejsce, nieposiadające głębszych symbolicznych i społecznych znaczeń, niż miejsce, z którym społeczność akademicka się identyfikuje. Budynki uczelni, podobnie jak współczesne lotniska i dworce, stacje benzynowe, hotele itp. stają się w studenckich doświadczeniach z uczelnią bardzo podobne do siebie.
Oral health status in children with familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Esmeray Pelin , Keçeli Tülin İleri , Tekçiçek Meryem , Batu Ezgi Deniz , Arıcı Zehra Serap , Ünlü Hande Konşuk , Özen Seza , Bilginer Yelda
Published: June 2021

Background. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common hereditary autoinflammatory disease. We aimed to investigate the oral health status and oral hygiene habits in children with FMF.
Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 199 children with FMF, aged between 3-18 years, were included. Demographic findings and oral hygiene habits of children were questioned by face-to-face interview. Oral health status of patients was evaluated using decay-missing-filled index [DMFT (decay-missing-filled teeth), DMFS (decay-missing-filled teeth) for permanent; dmft, dmfs for primary teeth], the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) index, PUFA / pufa index [the presence of severely decayed teeth with visible pulpal involvement (P/p), ulceration caused by dislocated tooth fragments (U/u), fistula (F/f) and abscess (A/a)], gingival (GI) and plaque index (PI). In addition to these, occlusion, oral soft and hard tissues were examined.
Results. One-hundred-nine (54.8%) of children had at least one decayed permanent tooth and 81.2% of children had at least one decayed primary tooth. The mean DMFT was 1.91±2.45, DMFS was 3.1±4.49, dmft was 3.95±3.54, dmfs was 8.62±8.88, PI was 1.17±0.44, GI was 0.85±0.39. Aphthous mouth ulcer occurred in 19 (9.5%) patients. Recurrent aphthous mouth ulcers were more frequent among patients with one exon-ten and one exon-two mutations than patients with one exon-10 mutation, two exon-ten mutations, or two exon-2 mutations (61.1% vs. 47.9%, 26.1%, 20%, respectively p < 0.001). Tooth decay was more frequent among patients who had attacks in the last six months than those who did not have any attacks during the last six months (97.4% vs. 87.7%, p=0.017).
Conclusion. Dental caries and periodontal disease, which are public health problems, were seen at a high percentage of children with FMF in our study.
Early-auditory intervention in children with hearing loss and neurodevelopmental outcomes: cognitive, motor and language development
Authors: Çelik Pelin , Keseroğlu Kemal , Er Serap , Sucaklı İclal Ayrancı , Saylam Güleser , Yakut Halil İbrahim
Published: June 2021

Background. To date, studies have mostly focused on the language outcome of early-auditory interventions including amplification for congenital hearing loss within the first 6 months. We aimed to examine the effect of early-auditory intervention in patients with congenital hearing loss on cognitive, motor and language outcomes, and determine the clinical variables that affect developmental outcomes.
Methods. The medical records of 104 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Children were evaluated by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition.
Results. The median ages of confirmation of hearing loss, amplification, starting auditory-verbal intervention and cochlear implantation were 9, 10, 13 and 19 months, respectively. Of the patients, 26% received a hearingaid fitting ≤6 months of age. Fifty-one children (49%) had additional disabilities. The median cognitive, language and motor scores of children with no additional disabilities were 95 (65-115), 68 (47-103) and 97 (58- 130), respectively and children with early-auditory intervention (≤6 months) demonstrated higher cognitive, receptive and expressive language subscale scores than late-auditory intervention group (p < 0.05) whereas there was no significant difference in motor scores (p > 0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between additional disability and cognitive, language and motor outcomes (r=-0.78, r=-0.54 and r=-0.75, respectively p < 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between language outcomes and the degree of hearing loss (r=-0.20, p < 0.05). Multiple regression analyses revealed that additional disability and early-auditory intervention showed a significant amount of variance in cognitive and language scores. The early intervention did not make a significant, independent contribution on motor outcomes whereas additional disability did.
Conclusions. Presence of additional disability was the strongest significant variable on developmental outcomes in hearing-impaired children. In children with no additional disability, significantly better cognitive and language scores were associated with the early-auditory intervention. Motor skills were not affected by the early-auditory intervention.
Etiology and predictors of cluster attacks of hereditary angioedema that recur despite pharmaceutical treatment
Authors: Johnson Felix. A. , Wirth Magdalena , Zhu Zhaojun , Hahn Janina , Greve Jens , Ebert Eva , Strassen Ulrich G.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a disease that leads to recurrent swelling of the skin and mucous membranes, including the upper airway tract. Apart from being deadly, these attacks can be debilitating, which leads to a poor quality of life in patients. Clinicians
are occasionally confronted with patients who have recurrent attacks despite treatment with C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate or β2-receptor antagonists. The goal of this study was to investigate repeated attacks that occur 48 hours to 7 days (“cluster attacks”)
after treatment, to determine why they occur and the factors that may be associated with them, and thus to prevent their occurrence. Methods: We conducted a multicenter mixed retrospective-prospective study with data acquired from all documented attacks in our patients
with collective (n = 132) between 2015 and 2018. Results: Eighty-five percent (n = 132) of our total patient collective (N = 156) agreed to participate in the study. Nine percent of these patients (n = 12) had cluster attacks, with a total of 48 cluster attacks. The data
procured from the patients were mixed retrospective‐prospective. Approximately 72% of all the cluster attacks were caused by exogenous stimuli (41% due to psychological stress, 29% due to physical stimuli, and 2% due to menstruation). Cluster attacks occurred in 7% of the patients who
received prophylactic therapy in comparison with 12.5% of patients who received on-demand therapy. Cluster attacks comprised 48.4% of all the attacks that patients with cluster-attacks (n= 9) experienced. In addition, the patients who were underdosing their C1 esterase inhibitor treatment
had cluster attacks more often. A lower “time to repeated attack” was seen in the patients who received on-demand therapy compared with those who received prophylactic therapy. Discussion: The percentage of the patients who had attacks as a result of exogenous
triggers was higher in the cluster-attack group (70.5%) compared with the general HAE population (30‐42%). Repeated attacks, therefore, were strongly associated with external triggers. The patients who received prophylactic treatment and who experienced cluster attacks were highly likely
to have been underdosing, which may explain the repeated attacks despite treatment. In the patients prone to cluster attacks, prophylaxis should be considered.
Satisfação acadêmica
Authors: Campira Farissai Pedro , Almeida Leandro Silva , Araújo Alexandra M.
Published: June 2021

Este artigo analisa a satisfação académica de estudantes universitários moçambicanos em relação à sua vivência académica. Participaram no estudo 30 estudantes de diferentes cursos, frequentando o 1º ou 2º ano dos cursos. Os estudantes realizaram individualmente uma entrevista semiestruturada sobre a satisfação com as suas experiências académicas. Os resultados reportam que os aspetos mais referenciados pelos estudantes dizem respeito às infraestruturas, relações interpessoais, e condições de aprendizagem. O desenvolvimento da autonomia e a preocupação com a futura profissão também emergiram como áreas importantes. As condições de aprendizagem e das infraestruturas são dimensões que reportam maior insatisfação junto dos estudantes universitários. Os resultados permitem identificar itens importantes a considerar na construção de um questionário de avaliação da satisfação dos estudantes universitários com as suas experiências académicas, sugerindo também áreas de intervenção institucional de promoção do envolvimento e do sucesso académico destes estudantes.
Why Reconciliation should be an urgent priority for the Nursing profession
Authors: Usmani Shazday
Published: June 2021

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The politics of public health: A rapid review of the impact of public health reform on population health outcomes
Authors: Riordon Charlotte , Hendra Sionnach , Johnson Christine
Published: June 2021

Canada’s public health (PH) systems are vulnerable to constant system and structural changes, influenced by political and economic factors. This rapid review examines how PH system restructuring impacts population health outcomes, with special consideration of health equity. Due to a lack of Canadian evidence, international research was examined to produce recommendations for Canadian nurses, researchers, and decision-makers. Evidence indicates that PH spending and PH system organization have important impacts on population health outcomes and suggests PH reform has a negative impact on health equity. Opportunities for advocacy, activism, lobbying and capacity building to achieve health equity are discussed. Nurses, in a unique position between public policy and the lives of those they care for, are presented with the opportunity to effect social change through political action and to work across disciplines to address inequities. We encourage researchers and decision-makers to prioritize looking more deeply at the impact of PH reform.
Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Panels Under the Effect of Electrical and Environmental Parameters in Erbil City
Authors: Ibrahim Banaz S. , Shareef Sarkar Jawhar M. , Ameen Hilmi F.
Published: June 2021

This paper presents the performance analysis of a photovoltaic cell derived from a single diode equivalent circuit under the influence of several kinds of electrical and environmental parameters. The characteristics of a solar cell have been investigated using MATLAB simulation and have been validated experimentally. In this paper the photovoltaic cell is represented by an exact equivalent circuit including all parameters such as a diode saturation current, light generated current, temperature effects, series and shunt resistance values. Also, this paper includes the impacts of clouds, dust, chalk powder, fly ash and bird droppings on the efficiency of the photovoltaic panel. A comparison between the experimental and model simulation results confirmed the reality of results, and indicate the validity of the exact model for photovoltaic performance analysis.
Source Rock Evaluation of the Upper Triassic Baluti Formation in Bekhme-1 and Gulak-1 Wells from Akri-Bijeel Block, Kurdistan-Iraq
Authors: Edilbi Ayad N. F. , Kolo Kamal , Khalid Blind F. , Salim Mardin N. Muhammad , Hamad Sana A. , Ahmad Shahang A.
Published: June 2021

This study reports on the petroleum potential of the Upper Triassic Baluti Formation in Bekhme-1 and Gulak-1 Wells from Akri¬-Bijeel Block within the Bekhme Anticline area, North of Erbil City. The area is a part of the Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt, and is locally situated within the High Folded Zone. Typically, the Baluti Formation is composed of gray and green shale calcareous dolomite with intercalations of thinly bedded dolomites, dolomitic limestones, and silicified limestones which in places are brecciated. The geochemical indicators obtained from Rock-Eval pyrolysis of Baluti samples gave Total Organic Carbon content (TOC wt. %) average values of 0.15 and 0.18 wt. % and potential hydrocarbon content (S2) average values of 0.78 mg HC/g rock and 0.58 mg HC/g rock for Bekhme-1 and Gulak-1 respectively, suggesting a source rock of poor potential. The type of organic matter is of mixed type II-III and III kerogens with an average Tmax value of 440 °C for both boreholes, exhibiting early to peak stage of thermal maturity. Considering the results of this study, it is concluded that Baluti Formation in the studied area can not be regarded as a potential source rock for hydrocarbon generation.
Adapting Viola-Jones Method for Online Hand / Glove Identification
Authors: Abdulsamad Taib Shamsadin , Mohammad Mahmud Abdulla , Ahmad Faraidoon Hassan
Published: June 2021

This article proposes a method for hand identification, adapting the method of Viola-Jones for identifying two different objects. The main objective of this work is to solve the problems of hand identification. Thus, our approach based on learning for two objects as one package. Also, the proposed method folds into three parts; the first part is training for both objects, second detection of both objects, and third the identification step to identify if the hand is wearing a glove or not, then labeling each one with a suitable state. Moreover, to test our method, we have proposed a new dataset, which includes a variety of cases with different compositions of hand. As a result, 8 cases were used to test the method. The method was able to detect a human hand successfully. Additionally, it could identify whether the hand was or was not wearhing a glove. The accuracy of detecting a hand without a glove was about 63%, and the accuracy of detecting a hand with a glove on was about 61%. Even though the tests scored different accuracy, as a first step towards solving this problem, it is a big achievement to even reach this level of accuracy.
An Investigation into the Difficulties of Using Transitional Words in Kurdish EFL Students’ Writing at the University Level
Authors: Hama Farhad M.
Published: June 2021

The aim of this research is to deal with the use of different kinds of transitional words in Kurdish EFL students’ writing in two different levels. Namely, Kurdish EFL second- and third-year students often encounter problems of using transitional words when they want to write any kinds of paragraphs, essays in academic writing lectures. They have particularly made various kinds of mistakes while writing argumentative or persuasive essays. This study comprises of theoretical background and data analysis for samples of writing. It also proposes possible pedagogical implications and recommendations which cover doable teaching strategies for improving writing practice and academic writing. The result shows that second year students have inadequate ability and skills to use different kinds of transitional words. On the other hand, third year students have more abilities, but they have often misrepresented or clichéd most of the types of transitional words.
Investigating the Impact of EFL Students’ Misuse of Prosodic Features on their Face-to-face Interactions from University Instructors’ Perspectives
Authors: Abdulrahman Bahram Sattar
Published: June 2021

The present study aims at investigating the use of prosodic features by Kurdish EFL undergraduates in their face-to-face interactions inside/outside the classroom from the university instructors’ perspectives. The study hypothesizes that the majority of Kurdish EFL undergraduates are not fully aware of the fact that any misuse of prosodic features would probably affect the emotions, feelings, and attitudes that the face-to-face interaction is intended to convey. Building on an analysis of a questionnaire given to 54 university instructors at 10 Iraqi Kurdistan Region different universities, the study concludes that the majority of problems the students face can be related to the misuse of stress, intonation, and other prosodic features. Therefore, EFL instructors should pay more attention to make students learn how to use prosodic features and enable them to send messages adequately while engaging in face-to-face interactions. This would require special classes about prosodic features so that EFL students can overcome the misuse they have in face-to-face communication. This is inevitable because accuracy and fluency in communication require EFL students to master both features: segmental and suprasegmental. The reason behind this necessity could be attributed to the fact that broken and/or incorrect pronunciation can be considered as one of the most prominent factors behind misunderstandings in communication.
The Impact of Learning Kurdish ‘Mother-Tongue’ in London on Mainstream Education
Authors: Kadir Sheelan Shakir
Published: June 2021

This study investigates the impact of a group of Kurdish children learning their mother-tongue, in two Kurdish Saturday schools in North London, and particularly the impact on the children’s integration into mainstream schooling. There are some historical issues surrounding ethnic minority children’s education that have been labelled as problematic towards their educational achievements in the United Kingdom. The responsibility of teaching the mother-tongue to those children takes place formally in supplementary or Saturday schools in their community rather than in mainstream schools. Many researches have revealed that learning their mother tongue is beneficial for children in general. In particular, this research focuses on the impacts on Kurdish children in mainstream education, since the number of children from diverse backgrounds is increasing, including the number of children from the Kurdish community. Mixed method research has been undertaken to examine this issue, including a semi- structured questionnaire and group interview used to collect data, as this research depended on students’ as well as parents’ views in integrating their child in some state schools. The findings revealed that learning the mother-tongue is beneficial for children from diverse backgrounds and that supplementary schools play a vital role in learning the mother-tongue on children’s attitude in mainstream education.
Teaching Novels in an English Language Classroom: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Faraj Shvan Gharib M.
Published: June 2021

This research article explores and studies the role of the English novel in English Language Teaching (ELT) from the students’ perspective. Novels are considered to motivate and enhance literary materials used in the classroom. The study used a qualitative approach. The research targeted senior students selected from an English Department. Use of the novel was observed to be a flexible learning tool. Novels have the ability to appeal and satisfy each learner’s unique style of learning. It can touch on the learners’ creativity and enhance their descriptive and dialogue abilities.
Evaluation of Hararge coffee (Coffea arabica L.) landraces for moisture stress tolerance
Authors: Adem Abdi
Published: June 2021

Arabica Coffee is an important export commodity for Ethiopia, contributing 25 to 30 % of the country’s total foreign exchange earnings. Moisture stress is one of the major constraints of coffee production in Hararge, Eastern Ethiopia. Moisture stress affects the growth, yield and quality of coffee. Local coffee landraces are source of desirable traits including moisture stress tolerance. Accordingly, this study was conducted to evaluate Hararge coffee landraces for moisture stress tolerance. Treatments consisted of 200 coffee landraces (178 from seven districts of east Hararge Zone and 22 from two districts of west Hararge Zone). The coffee landraces were field planted in July 2005 at Mechara Agricultural Research Center using augmented design with six trees per plot or accessions. Moisture stress tolerance was recorded from three randomly selected coffee trees per plot, three times a day (in the morning, noon and night) from January 05 to 25, 2014.  The stress tolerance was determined using 1-5 scale by visual scoring (1- all leaves green and turgid, 2- most leaves still turgid but younger leaves show leaf folding; 3- all leaves wilt or fold, 4- Leaves partially turning pales, and partly shed showing severe wilting and 5-leaves completely turning brown and dry, mostly dropping). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of this study revealed that the coffee landraces varied in their level of tolerance to moisture stress. The 200 coffee landraces were grouped into seven clusters based on their level of tolerance to moisture stress. Nine coffee landraces (4.5%) were highly tolerant to moisture stress, 25 (12.5%) were tolerant, and 36 (18%) were moderately tolerant.  On the other hand, 60 coffee landraces (30%) were less tolerant; while 57 (28.5%), 11(5.5%) and 2 (1%) were moderately sensitive, sensitive and highly sensitive to moisture stress, in that order.  There was variation in coffee landraces for moisture stress tolerance both between and within areas of the collection. Hence, it is advisable to maintain and use promising coffee landraces in coffee breeding. Screening of the landraces under controlled conditions like green house and studying of mechanisms of moisture stress is also the way forward.