bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Field Study of Soil Pulverization Energy by using Different Moldboards Types Under Various Operating Condition
Authors: A. Alwan Ali
Published: July 2020

A field experiment was conducted in the experiment field of Agricultural College, Basrah University, to study the effect of three types of moldboards i.e. helical, general purpose and digger moldboard, three tillage depths (15, 20 and 25 cm) and three forward speeds (4.37, 6.11 and 7.03 km h-1) on the draft force (DF), soil pulverization index (SPI), the specific energy (SE), the energy equivalent (EQE), and soil pulverization efficiency (SPE). Split-split plot with complete randomized block design with three replications were used in this study, and Least significant differences (LSD) was used to compare the means of treatments at 0.05 levels. The results showed there was a significant effect for moldboard types, plowing depths, plowing speeds and the interaction on all studied parameters. Whereas the digger moldboard type achieved the lower values of DF and SPI compared with the general purpose and helical moldboard types by percentage of 12.13 and 19.49% respectively and 16.37 and 50.61% respectively. However, the digger moldboard gave the highest value of SPE of 80%. The results Also, indicated to that the plowing depth and plowing speed had a significant effect on studied parameters when increasing the plowing depth by percentage 67% the DF and SPI increased by 137.27% and 30.46%, while the SE, the EQE and SPE reduced by 18.19, 17.80 and 2.70 % respectively. However, increasing the plowing speed by a percentage of 61%, the DF, SE, EQE, and SPE increased by 25.98, 45.11, 8.18 and 35.59% respectively, while the SPI decreased by 29.15%.
Práticas em teses sobre História da Educação Matemática com a Epistemologia Histórica Cultural de Chartier
Authors: Machado Edina Fialho , Mendes Iran Abreu
Published: July 2020

Este artigo originou-se de uma pesquisa mais ampla que interrogou quais as práticas mais frequentes nas teses sobre História da Educação Matemática que se fundamentam na Epistemologia Histórica Cultural de Chartier em programas de Pós-graduação em universidades brasileiras (2000 - 2018)? Com base na História Cultural propugnada por Chartier (1991, 2016, 2018) e na história da Educação Matemática afiançada por Valente (2013,2014,2018), realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo bibliográfica e documental, a partir do banco de teses da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), do Centro Brasileiro de Referência em Pesquisa em História da Matemática (CREPHIMAT), bibliotecas virtuais de universidades brasileiras. Os resultados apontam que as teses em História da Educação Matemática com História Cultural, se ampliaram no Brasil, com diversos modos de mobilização da epistemologia de Chartier. As práticas mais frequentes nas teses, são: a formação de professores de matemática, o ensino de Aritmética; os currículos e programas de ensino e a vida de professores de Matemática. Consideramos que o campo de pesquisas nessa área no Brasil, já está consolidado. A diversidade de práticas, aponta o esforço dos pesquisadores desse campo e a melhoria da formação de seus professores pesquisadores e do ensino de matemática.
Security Challenges over Cloud Environment from Service Provider Prospective
Authors: Qureshi Ahthasham , Dashti Wahab , Jahangeer Asma , Zafar Afia
Published: July 2020

Cloud computing becomes very popular and growing rapidly since the last few years, various information technology giants such as Amazon, Google, Microsoft and others speed up their growth in development of cloud computing systems and enhance services for consumers all over the world. Cloud computing provides virtual storage for the clients to avail storage, application, platform and services from their deployed servers over the internet. Various security issues such as; data insecure, data leakage, data availability, attacks; etc. could arise due to poor security policies. This paper discussed in detail security issues in terms of the CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability) triangle from a service provider perspective over the services they provide to the end users. By these measurements high security can be achieve in cloud computing. Additionally, to protect confidential data from users on cloud the privacy actions are not updated accordingly. Severally, data backups on cloud cause high security risks. This survey paper analyzes the main security issues which are currently present in the cloud computing and offers best practices to service providers and enterprises hoping to control cloud service.
Are Tourism Imports a Luxury or Necessity?
Authors: Bojanic David , Lo Melody
Published: July 2020

This article compares the impact of economic development on the import demand for international trade and international (outbound) tourism using cointegration analysis on a panel of countries at the turn of the century. Initial evidence suggests that substantially different properties
exist between the total import demand and the tourism import demand. In particular, the distinct difference lies in how each type of import demand responds to economic development. It can be concluded that international travel has become more of a necessity than a luxury in the process of
economic development towards the end of the 20th century, especially in countries with higher levels of economic development. This result is in contrast to the documented stylized international pattern for aggregate import data.
Exploring resilience: use of indicators to measure threshold conditions in tourism destinations
Authors: Cahyanto Ignatius P.
Published: July 2020

To measure threshold conditions of tourism destinations, the study proposes resilience indicators that were derived from multiple community resilience models. Five input capitals, (economic, social, institutional, infrastructure, and visitors), along with the indicators are proposed to produce a single composite destination resilience score that allows for comparisons among multiple destinations. To illustrate their utility, the paper applies the indicators to two major tourism destinations: Orlando, Florida and New Orleans, Louisiana. Data were gathered through multiple sources (e.g., census data, STR Trends Report, County Business Pattern of North American Industry Classification System). The results suggest that tourism destinations can increase their resilience by using the proposed indicators to target specific programs, plans, or investments. These indicators provide a first step in understanding the dimensions of destination resilience and the fundamental variables contributing to it.
Understanding Who is Having a Taste(off) Nigeria
Authors: Kruger Martinette , Viljoen Adam , Digun-Aweto Oghenetejiri
Published: July 2020

Events and festivals, especially those focused on food, showcase the many nuances within a culture and can be seen to be an effective medium to transfer cultural identity or tradition. Cultural phenomena such as food festivals are integral to cultural immersion, especially in multicultural/multiethnic
societies such as Nigeria. Emphasizing the importance of investigating the culinary festival market in Nigeria, TasteOff is an example in a developing country that identifies the market segments based on a multisegmentation approach that includes (i) travel motives, (ii) the important "festivalscape"
factors, and (iii) future culinary event preferences. This research contributes dually to (i) a better understanding of culinary tourism in Africa, especially since much attention is placed on the South African scenario, and (ii) the needs and preferences of Africa's largest economy, Nigeria.
Restablecimiento de derechos de niños víctimas de abuso sexual en el municipio de Girón-Santander
Authors: Landazábal Valbuena Myriam , Estrada Jaramillo Lina Marcela
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo analiza el restablecimiento de derechos en niños y niñas víctimas de abuso sexual, a partir de las obligaciones del Estado consignadas en la normativa internacional y nacional que acogen la doctrina del interés superior del niño y el funcionamiento de las instituciones competentes en el municipio de Girón (Santander), con miras a establecer el proceso que aplican las autoridades del Sistema Nacional de Bienestar Familiar. Recurriendo al análisis documental y entrevistas realizadas, se encontró que en materia de restablecimiento de derechos de la infancia cuando es víctima de abuso sexual se da una atención basada de la doctrina de situación irregular, por cuanto el niño es atendido de manera asistencial y no como sujeto de derechos.
Análisis económico del derecho y jurimetría frente a la prevención y sanción de la violencia de género desde la Justicia Especial para la Paz en Colombia: Estado del arte, fuentes de análisis y planteamientos
Authors: Gutiérrez Ossa Jahir Alexander , Mira Olano Luz Elena
Published: July 2020

El artículo plantea la aplicación del análisis económico del derecho y la jurimetría frente a la prevención y sanción de la violencia de género desde la justicia especial para la paz en Colombia, desde la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿Cómo se evidencia la eficacia de la justicia especial para la paz para con la prevención y sanción de la violencia de género en Colombia, desde el análisis económico del derecho y la jurimetría? El rastreo sobre el estado del arte, las fuentes de análisis y los planteamientos dispuestos en el marco de la justicia especial para la paz, se convierten en el centro de fundamentación del artículo. En cuanto a la metódica del mismo, método y metodología, esta parte de la interacción entre el método exploratorio y descriptivo con los cuales se resuelven los dos primeros fines del documento; en tanto, con las metodologías del análisis económico del derecho y la jurimetría, se resuelve la tercera intención. Así, la conjugación metódica sirve de antesala para materializar los tres momentos del artículo. Es importante que, las temáticas vinculadas con la prevención y sanción de la violencia de género terminen en políticas públicas con enfoque de derechos, para reducir la carga jurídica que se crea en materia de género cuando esta se deriva en la legislación; área ausente, en un sistema jurídico que como el colombiano apenas está pasando del positivismo al activismo jurídico y de este hacia las políticas públicas con enfoque de derechos, jurídicos, poblacionales y territoriales, como base central.
Tectonostratigraphy and evolution of the West Greenland continental margin
Authors: Gregersen Ulrik , Knutz Paul C. , Nøhr-Hansen Henrik , Sheldon Emma , Hopper John R.
Published: July 2020

Large structural highs and sedimentary basins are identified from mapping of the West Greenland continental margin from the Labrador Sea to the Baffin Bay. We present a new tectonic elements map and a map of thickness from the seabed to the basement of the entire West Greenland margin. In addition, a new stratigraphic scheme of the main lithologies and tectonostratigraphy based on ties to all offshore exploration wells is presented together with seven interpreted seismic sections. The work is based on interpretation of more than 135 000 km of 2D seismic reflection data supported by other geophysical data, including gravity- and magnetic data and selected 3D seismic data, and is constrained by correlation to wells and seabed samples. Eight seismic mega-units (A–H) from the seabed to the basement, related to distinct tectonostratigraphic phases, were mapped. The oldest units include pre-rift basins that contain Proterozoic and Palaeozoic successions. Cretaceous syn-rift phases are characterised by development of large extensional fault blocks and basins with wedge-shaped units. The basin strata include Cretaceous and Palaeogene claystones, sandstones and conglomerates. During the latest Cretaceous, Paleocene and Eocene, crustal extension followed by oceanic crust formation took place, causing separation of the continental margins of Greenland and Canada with north-east to northward movement of Greenland. From Paleocene to Eocene, volcanic rocks dominated the central West Greenland continental margin and covered the Cretaceous basins. Development of the oceanic crust is associated with compressional tectonics and the development of strike-slip and thrust faults, pull-apart basins and inversion structures, most pronounced in the Davis Strait and Baffin Bay regions. During the late Cenozoic, tectonism diminished, though some intra-plate vertical adjustments occurred. The latest basin development was characterised by formation of thick Neogene to Quaternary marine successions including contourite drifts and glacial related shelf progradation towards the west and south-west.
The detail is more pleasant than the whole: Global and local prime affect esthetic appreciation of artworks showing whole-part ambiguity
Authors: Boccia Maddalena , Guariglia Paola , Piccardi Laura , De Martino Giulia , Giannini Anna Maria
Published: July 2020

Esthetic experience is the result of the coordination of different cognitive processes. It has been widely reported that top-down processes of orienting of attention interact with bottom-up perceptual facilitation occurring during esthetic experience of artworks. Here we use whole-part ambiguity as a tool to test the effect of global and local prime on esthetic appreciation of complex visual artworks. To this aim 139 healthy young individuals completed an esthetic judgment of Arcimboldo’s ambiguous artworks, which were preceded by a local or global prime. Their perceptual style was also assessed using a Navon task. We found that local prime significantly enhanced esthetic appreciation of ambiguous portraits. Also, we found that prime level interacted with individual’s perceptual style: participants showing local perceptual style liked less ambiguous portraits when they were preceded by global prime. Overall, the present findings shed some light on the processes involved in esthetic experience, pointing towards a pivotal role of re-direction of attention towards perceptual features of the artworks and its interaction with individual factors, such as perceptual style.
A Systematic Comparison of Perceptual Performance in Softness Discrimination with Different Fingers
Authors: Zoeller Aaron C. , Drewing Knut
Published: July 2020

In studies investigating haptic softness perception, participants are typically instructed to explore soft objects by indenting them with their index finger. In contrast, performance with other fingers has rarely been investigated. We wondered which fingers are used in spontaneous exploration and if performance differences between fingers can explain spontaneous usage. In Experiment 1 participants discriminated the softness of two rubber stimuli with hardly any constraints on finger movements. Results indicate that humans use successive phases of different fingers and finger combinations during an exploration, preferring index, middle, and (to a lesser extent) ring finger. In Experiment 2 we compared discrimination thresholds between conditions, with participants using one of the four fingers of the dominant hand. Participants compared the softness of rubber stimuli in a two-interval forced choice discrimination task. Performance with index and middle finger was better as compared to ring and little finger, the little finger was the worst. In Experiment 3 we again compared discrimination thresholds, but participants were told to use constant peak force. Performance with the little finger was worst, whereas performance for the other fingers did not differ. We conclude that in spontaneous exploration the preference of combinations of index, middle, and partly ring finger seems to be well chosen, as indicated by improved performance with the spontaneously used fingers. Better performance seems to be based on both different motor abilities to produce force, mainly linked to using index and middle finger, and different sensory sensitivities, mainly linked to avoiding the little finger.
Conditions for the Development of Industry 4.0 from the Human Capital Technological Competences Perspective
Authors: Avitia-Carlos Patricia , Morales-García Carlos Gerardo , Rodríguez-Verduzco José Luis , Rodríguez Tapia Bernabe , Candolfi Arballo Norma
Published: July 2020

The so-called Industry 4.0 supports its emergence and growth in the use of artificial intelligence techniques for the development of production systems whose capacity, efficiency and adaptability exceed the performance of current computer-based systems. Intelligent manufacturing corresponds to the digitization and interconnection of devices for the construction of production and supply chains that share a continuous flow of information. This revolution involves the development of technologies such as the Internet of Things, data analytics and cyber-systems aligned with machine learning, among others. The development and sustainability of these advanced manufacturing systems represent an area of opportunity for the growth of the technological competitiveness of regional economies. There are, however, training needs among engineering professionals for the development of specific updated technological competences; as well as a need of general conditions for the establishment of innovation networks between academia and the productive sector. This paper uses bibliographic techniques to examine existing literature and conducts a review on Industry 4.0. As a result, it presents an overview of the related technological trends and discuss the role of higher education institutions in the development of competitive human capital. There are also multiple areas of opportunity in the medium and long term to strength university-industry collaboration programs related to this adoption.
LA INTRODUCCIÓN
Authors: Dorca Toni
Published: July 2020

Sin información.
Management of Post-Disaster Medicine Logistics at the Pharmacy Installation of Regional Public Hospital Undata of Central Sulawesi Province
Authors: Wandira Bertin Ayu , Suarayasa Ketut , Kristiawan Kadek Viyan
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this research is to fine out how the management of post-disaster medicine logistics at the Pharmacy Installation of Regional Public Hospital Undata the research.  Method used was qualitative with in-depth interview data cullcolection techniques. Research informants were 6 informants who were determined by purposive sampling technique. The results show that the planning of pharmaceutical supplies at Regional Public Hospital Undata used consumtion methods epidemiology. The obstacles to logistical planning for type medicine, a disease tread is changing. Medicine logistics budget in pharmaceutical installations comes from the state budget and BLUD. Procurement of pharmaceutical supplies using the method of direct purchases and E-purchasing, obstacles in the procurement of medicine logistic are still arrears of payment of medicine to distributors. Slow distribution of medicine from distributors and the emtiness of medicine stocks acceptance of pharmaceutical supplies is carried out by the pharmaceutical installation warehouse staff and reception team, there are still obstacles in receiving the time for quality inspection and quantity of logistical goods wich quite long. Medicine logistics storage is carried out with the FIFO and FEFO systems with alphabetical storage arrangements, constraints in logistics storage, narrow IFRS repositories. Medicine logistics control was done by taking inventory to find out the quality and quantity of medicine as well as the medicine expired date, the obstacles in controlling medicine logistics time to take stock of hospitalization takes a long time.
Simulation of the Cardiovascular Mechanical System Based on Pressure-Flow Model Rest Condition
Authors: Primasatya Dimas , Rimawan Erry , Herlambang Hendi , S Horas Canman
Published: July 2020

Non-invasive measurement method has made rapid developments in the field of biomedical engineering. One of research is impedance cardiography (ICG), which provide information of pulsation basic. By knowing this kind of measurement technique, it will assist inspection of the patient's physiological condition with cardiovascular system. This research is aimed to determine the mechanical characteristics of the cardiovascular system in the human body such as a wave graph of pressure, flow, and volume, based on pressure–flow model in rest condition, and analyze the simulation results by implementing state of the physiology cardiovascular disease. To obtain the wave chart that is modeled by the cardiovascular system using a lumped parameter method, formulate the differential equations of the pressure–flow dynamics equation for an incompressible fluid in a segment of a cylindrical elastic tube and simulate the model using the Simulink toolboxes from Matlab R2008b. The simulation with lumped parameter method resulted wave graphics of pressure, flow, and volume of physiological state a person in rest condition, the left ventricular pressure is 120 mmHg , right ventricular pressure is 30 mmHg , left ventricular outflow is 800 mL / sec and volume in the left ventricle is 160 mL . By implementing the simulation have been developed on the physiological state of cardiovascular disease, hypertension occurs when the arteries resistance R3i = 0.61 mmHg × s mL with the pressure of the left ventricle is 145 mmHg. For coronary heart condition, ventricular pressure decreased until 82 mmHg in the value of the coronary arteries resistance is R3o = 0.852 mmHg × s mL. This research assumed heart haves the character of passive because there is no feedback signal that can compensate if the pressure in the systemic circulation is reduced. The research can be concluded that the graph from simulation shows the results are not much different from the reference chart, this results indicates that the equation and the simulation was able to reflect on the human circulatory physiological circumstances. A little different of a graphic simulation result due to differences in the parameters and assumptions used.
Interlink of Road: Opposite Dimensions of Social and Environmental Impacts in Mountain Region
Authors: Adhikari Dr Shukra Raj
Published: July 2020

Road infrastructures play an important role in the overall development of rural areas. The intervention of transport infrastructures has wide potential to reach and enhance that sector of the rural population. Thus this article is focused to find out the influence of road in interaction patterns, service delivery, indigenous practices, and the environment in the mountain regions. For this, the information is carried out through comprehensive fieldwork of Jomsom rural municipality of Mustang district which represents the high mountain region of Nepal. This article is based on a qualitative research approach. Primary data are collected by the case study method. Secondary data are collected from previous literature through the content analysis. The content analysis method is used to analyze both primary and secondary data. Road transportation is the breakthrough for women enhancement, community participation, social interaction, and service delivery. But environmental challenges and degradation in the mountain regions.
Vision Based System for “Free-Weight Back Squat” Angle Assessment
Authors: Silva Tharindu Dananjana , Madhusanka B.G.D.A. , Priyankara H.D.N.S.
Published: July 2020

This project is focused on analyzes squat performing video through image processing by considering key points taken from front and side view. There are conditions to check the performance of squat correct or not. If the Squat is correct, three angles are analyzed reference to five positions. The OpenCV is used to identify the five positions. Also, the Vector function is used to determine the reference angles by using the Cosine rule. These angles are calculated at the knee, waist, and ankle. All these angles are calculated on the free-weight back squat exercise. The ultimate purpose of this project is to minimize injuries that occur due to technical errors because most of the armature players get injured due to the difficulty in posing of correct technique. The mobile application is developed to identify user mistakes and can get instructions.
Semiotic Analysis of Video COVID-19 by World Health Organization
Authors: Octarensa Vista , Aras Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Purpose: This research discusses the semiotic social analysis in a video titled "COVID-19" released by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 is a virus that has become a global pandemic. Very rapid spread makes the WHO issued recommendations to minimize outside activities in the form of social campaigns against the community. World Health Organization released a video titled "COVID-19" on the official youtube channel. The research approach: using a semiotic analysis method with the constructivist paradigm. Semiotic is a sign of science that has consisted of two elements, Signifier and Signified. In a social campaign video, it has a distinct meaning of communication. In this study, semiotics will explain the meaning of visual communication in videos released by the World Health Organization. The results of the study: indicate that semiotic analysis can reveal the signification meaning of the sign in the video campaign. World Health Organization can emphasize the word StayIn and convince people to continue to do social distancing. The World Health Organization explains that by doing five acts, everyone can be heroic against the pandemic. The five acts can be done by hiding in-home, laying down, playing games, staring on anythings. Simple acts can bring a significant impact to all.
Management Strategy in Maintaining a Good Relationship with Stakeholders by Implementing the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Program at PT Pertamina (Persero) Refinery Unit IV Cilacap
Authors: Bahtiar M Romi , Riyanto Setyo
Published: July 2020

PT Pertamina (Persero) Refinery Unit IV Cilacap, is the largest refinery in Indonesia which has a production capacity of 348,000 barrels per day and this refinery is very strategic because it supplies 34% of national fuel needs or 60% of fuel needs in Java. In implementing its CSR program, it has 4 pillars, namely Healthy Pertamina, Smart Pertamina, Green Pertamina and Berdikari Pertamina, each of which has its own concentration. The application of CSR is not only based on requirements, seeing the real condition of the surrounding community. The CSR program is an environmental social responsibility to the surrounding community from the company's operational activities. In the implementation of CSR programs in the Refinery Unit IV Cilacap, it was carried out with the University of Gajah Mada in Yogyakarta such as the implementation of social mapping and personnel assistance such as the Community Development Officer (CDO). The CSR Implementation Strategy Program is prioritized for communities around Ring 1 or those that receive direct impacts from refinery operations. The implementation of CSR is also done through focus group discussions with relevant stakeholders such as the Cilacap Regency Government, Community Social Institutions, and also other companies related to the work area. Where the implementation of CSR must be interconnected and synergized so that the Government's short-term and long-term programs to advance the budget and development or the Human Development Index (HDI) can be implemented properly. This research program is a CSR implementation program at PT. Pertamina (Persero) RU IV Cilacap can help a good relationship with stakeholders around the operational business can run well and the surrounding community benefits from the existence of CSR programs
Marrakech in Travel Literature
Authors: HAYANI KHADIJA El
Published: July 2020

The paper aims to examine images of Marrakech in travel literature and their relevance to and impact on tourism. Many of the pioneer works conducted by painters, writers or simply adventurers from the 17th century to the beginning of 20th century depict Morocco as a no man’s land; a country inhabited by savage, fierce looking men, living in a primitive, atavistic society. Their customs, beliefs, and behavior were exotic if not weird and therefore deserving anthropological research. Women were also subjects of much conjecture and criticism. They were often depicted behind barred windows, and closed doors, subservient, walking non- entities, draped in ‘haiks’ and veiled. They existed only for the pleasure of men. These stereotypes continue to inflame the imagination of tourists heading to Marrakech today. In this connection, Jemaa Elfna is considered the heart and soul of the city particularly because it caters to the fantasies of the tourists looking for exoticism. My purpose is to demystify the place and critique what it stands for. The snake charmers, henna ladies, disguised prostitution and homosexuality, con dentists and monkey trainers, who populate the place, in no way reflect the richness and authenticity of the country or the hospitality of the people
Influence of Pranayama on Respiratory Function of Middle Age Women
Authors: Murmu Manoj Kumar
Published: July 2020

- The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of respiratory function by measuring vital capacity and Breath holding. The investigator adopted experimental method of research on 40 middle aged women ranged from 41-45 years. The experimental groups participated in Pranayama training for a period of twelve weeks. Prior to the study, vital capacity and breath holding of all the subjects were taken. Based upon these values, vital capacity and breath holding was calculated before and after the fitness training. Pranayama begins with breathing guidance and completes full control over the streams of life or within the basics. The effects of pranayama on selected physiological variables, dependent‘t’ test was applied at 0.05 level of significance to find out the significance among the mean differences. Participants assigned to Pranayama training revealed a significant improvement in respiratory function (p<0.05).
Effects of Moderate Intensity Exercise on Glutathione Peroxidase Activity and VO2max in Elderly Women
Authors: Rusip Gusbakti , Suhartini Sri Mukti
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Sedentary lifestyle in the elderly decreases the function of cardiovascular system may lead reduction performance. Many previous studies reported that moderate intensity aerobic exercise was recommended for older persons because it may increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) at optimum level. The increasing of ROS can activate antioxidant mechanism against oxidatif stress due to exercise.
AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the change of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and VO2max on moderate intensity aerobic exercise and its correlation.
METHODS: The study design was quasi-experimental. Subjects were sedentary elderly women age 65 ± 5.06 years old. Total subject was 73 persons selected by consecutive sampling. Subjects did moderate intensity aerobic exercise for 12 weeks by walking for 30 min a day, 3 times a week at 50–85% of maximum heart rate. The parameters were measured on the baseline and 12 weeks after exercise. GPx activity from the plasma was examined by ELISA and the VO2max was measured by 6-min walking distance. The data were analyzed by unpaired t-test and Spearman test.
RESULTS: GPx activity and VO2max were significantly increased about 41.75% and 24.11% (p < 0.05) on the experimental group, respectively. There was a correlation between GPx activity and VO2max (r = 0.223, p = 0.041).
CONCLUSION: Regular moderate intensity aerobic exercise significantly increased GPx activity and VO2max. This kind of exercise is advised for the elderly because it can elevate antioxidant level as a defense against oxidative stress due to aging; therefore, it can improve aerobic capacity in the elderly.
Evaluation of the Biocompatibility of a Recent Bioceramic Root Canal Sealer (BioRoot™ RCS): In-vivo Study
Authors: El-Mansy Laila Hussein , Ali Magdy Mohamed , Hassan Reham EL Sayed
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Recently, new calcium silicate bioceramic sealers were introduced to the market. The selection of root canal sealers should not only be based on the different physical parameters but also on local biocompatibility and tissue tolerance.
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the in-vivo biocompatibility of a BioRoot RCS in parallel to MTA Fillapex and AH Plus sealers.
METHODS: Polyethylene tubes containing the freshly mixed test materials were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of 32 Wistar rats. Empty tubes served as negative controls. After 7, 14, 30, and 60 days, the animals were sacrificed, and the implants with surrounding tissues were processed for routine histological analysis. Histological sections were analyzed under light microscopy. The tissue response was determined by the inflammatory cell infiltration intensity and the fibrous capsule thickness.
RESULTS: Results revealed a statistically significant decrease of the inflammation intensity by time within each group for all tested sealers and control. A well-defined thin capsule was observed for all tested sealers at 60 days.
CONCLUSION: BioRoot RCS exhibited rapid recovery of inflammation similar to controls. Thus, within the limitations of this study, it can be considered a biocompatible sealer with acceptable tissue tolerance.
Synthesis and characterization of piperazine-substituted dihydrofuran derivatives viaMn(OAc)3 mediated radical cyclizations
Authors: SARI Sait , YILMAZ Mehmet
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study is to synthesize novel piperazine-containing dihydrofuran compounds (3a-n)from radical additions and cyclizations of diacyl and alkyl-acyl piperazine derivatives (1a-h) with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (2a-c) mediated by Mn(OAc)3 for the first time. From the reactions of 1a-c with dimedone (2a);1a, 1c, and 1d with acetylacetone (2b); and 1a with ethylacetoacetate(2c) ,the dihydrofuran-piperazine compounds 3a-c, 3d-f, and 3g were obtained in medium to high yields (31%–81%), respectively. In addition, dihydrofuran-piperazine compounds 3h-j and 3k-n were prepared at low to medium yields (20%–40%) from the reactions of 1e-g with 2a and 1e-h with 2c, respectively.
Preparation of different thin film catalysts by direct current magnetron sputtering for hydrogen generation
Authors: BOZKURT Gamze , ÖZER Abdulkadir , BAYRAKÇEKEN YURTCAN Ayşe
Published: July 2020

In this study, thin films of Co, Ni, Pd, and Pt were prepared on Co3O4 support material in pellet form using the direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering method for use as catalysts for hydrogen generation from NaBH4.Characterization of the catalysts was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). According to cross-sectional SEM images, catalyst thicknesses were observed in the range of approximately 115.3–495.8 nm. The particle sizes were approximately 25.0, 21.4, 33.9, and 9.5 nm for Ni-Co3O4, Co-Co3O4, Pd-Co3O4, and Pt-Co3O4 catalysts, respectively. The increase in NaOH initial concentration provides an increase in the rate of hydrogen generation for Co, Ni, and Pd catalysts. A maximum hydrogen generation rate of 1653 mL/gcat.min was obtained for the Pt-Co3O4 catalyst.
Artificial intelligence–based models for the qualitative and quantitative prediction of a phytochemical compound using HPLC method
Authors: USMAN Abdullahi Garba , IŞIK Selin , ABBA Sani Isah , MERİÇLİ Filiz
Published: July 2020

Isoquercitrin is a flavonoid chemical compound that can be extracted from different plant species such as Mangifera indica (mango), Rheum nobile, Annona squamosal, Camellia sinensis (tea), and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). It possesses various biological activities such as the prevention of thromboembolism and has anticancer, antiinflammatory, and antifatigue activities. Therefore, there is a critical need to elucidate and predict the qualitative and quantitative properties of this phytochemical compound using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. In this paper, three different nonlinear models including artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and support vector machine (SVM),in addition to a classical linear model [multilinear regression analysis (MLR)], were used for the prediction of the retention time (tR) and peak area (PA) for isoquercitrin using HPLC. The simulation uses concentration of the standard, composition of the mobile phases (MP-A and MP-B), and pH as the corresponding input variables. The performance efficiency of the models was evaluated using relative mean square error (RMSE), mean square error (MSE), determination coefficient (DC), and correlation coefficient (CC). The obtained results demonstrated that all four models are capable of predicting the qualitative and quantitative properties of the bioactive compound. A predictive comparison of the models showed that M3 had the highest prediction accuracy among the three models. Further evaluation of the results showed that ANFIS–M3 outperformed the other models and serves as the best model for the prediction of PA. On the other hand, ANN–M3proved its merit and emerged as the best model for tR simulation. The overall predictive accuracy of the best models showed them to be reliable tools for both qualitative and quantitative determination.
Phase separation behavior of whey protein isolate particle dispersions in the presence of xanthan
Authors: İNCE COŞKUN Alev Emine
Published: July 2020

In this study, phase separation of colloidal whey protein isolate (WPI) particle dispersions was studied using a rod-like polysaccharide xanthan. Effects of different xanthan concentration, particle volume fraction, and temperature were analyzed by visual observations, turbidity measurements, and particle mobility tracking method. Particle mobility was determined using a diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) set up. Xanthan concentration was kept low in order not to increase the viscosity of dispersions, so that the phase separation could be observed easily. Visual observations showed that there was a minimum concentration of xanthan to induce phase separation at a constant particle volume fraction, and xanthan concentration was found to have an important effect on the degree of phase separation. The temperature was also found to have an effect on depletion mechanism. Phase separation was mainly a result of different sizes of WPI particles, and xanthan induced the depletion interaction between WPI particles, as supported by the data obtained from DWS. The results of this study explained both the mechanism and the stability range of particle dispersions in the presence of xanthan, which is important for the design of stable systems, including colloidal particles.
Antibiotic susceptibility and phylogenetic analyses for the origins and serotypes of Listeriamonocytogenes strains isolated from ice cream and cream cakes
Authors: BABACAN Orkun
Published: July 2020

Listeria monocytogenes is a zoonotic bacterium which also infects humans. The aim of this study was to isolate this organism from cream cakes and ice cream and obtain 16S rRNA and hlyA gene sequences from isolates in order to perform phylogenetic analyses. Serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility were also determined. The cream cake and ice cream samples were examined for L. monocytogenes according to ISO 11290-1 and using the mini Vidas LMO 2 kit procedure. Antibiotic susceptibilities were investigated using the disc diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards. The Sanger DNA sequencing method for phylogenetic analysis was used for L. monocytogenes isolates. A total of 16 (n =128, 12.50%) L. monocytogenes strains, 9 (12.16%) from cream cake samples and 7 (12.96%) from ice cream samples, were isolated. This was the first investigation involving sequencing of L. monocytogenes isolated from cream cakes and ice creams in Turkey. All isolates were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, meropenem, and erythromycin. The numbers of isolates resistant to sulbactam/ampicillin, penicillin G, chloramphenicol, and ampicillin were 16, 2, 1, and 1, respectively. Moreover, 3 isolates showed intermediate resistance to amikacin and 2 to ciprofloxacin. The hlyA gene sequences of 11 of the L. monocytogenesisolates isolated from milk were closely related to the hlyA gene sequences of the GenBank reference strains. The comparison of the 16s rRNA gene sequences of the L. monocytogenes strains with the GenBank reference serotypes identified 1 isolate as serotype 1/2c, 1 as serotype 1/2a, and 1 as serotype 4. Nucleic acid sequencing is useful for identification of L. monocytogenes. The 16S rRNAand hlyA sequences can be used to determine the origin and relationship between L. monocytogenesisolates, as well as the serotype.
Carcass traits, meat quality, and sensory attributes of fast-growing broilers given outdoor access at different ages
Authors: ZAID Muhammad , HUSSAIN Jibran , MAHMUD Athar , JAVED Khalid , SHAHEEN Muhammad Shabir , USMAN Muhammad , GHAYAS Abdul , AHMAD Sohail
Published: July 2020

This study evaluated the effect of outdoor access offered to fast-growing broilers at different ages and its impact on meat quality attributes. A total of 200 straight-run broilers were arranged according to the completed randomized design and distributed into 4 treatment groups. The treatments were replicated 5 times; each replicate consisted of 10 birds. The treatment included age at exposure to outdoor access including day 21, day 28, and day 35, and a control group in which the birds were reared at an indoor facility for up to 56 days. Taste, flavor, juiciness, and overall acceptability of breast meat were highest for broilers given outdoor access on day 21 followed by day 28, day 21 and lowest for broilers without outdoor access. Tenderness of breast meat was highest in broilers without outdoor access followed by broilers given outdoor access on day 35 and day28 and lowest for broilers given outdoor access on day 21 of age. It can be concluded that giving outdoor access to fast-growing broilers at the age of day 21 improves carcass and meat quality traits.
Comparison of different eggshell thickness measurement methods
Authors: ARSLAN Abdulkadir , YAMAK Umut Sami
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted to examine how various methods affect the results of eggshell thickness measurements.Direct and indirect measurements were performed on 700 table eggs which were daily collected from the same flock. The shell thickness of the eggs was calculated according to a logarithm which uses egg weight. Eggs with a specific gravity of higher than 0.80 g/cm³ were classified as thick-shelled, whereas the others were categorized as thin-shelled. After determining the shell thickness of the eggs by an ultrasound gauge, all of the eggs were broken, the shells were separated, and the shell thickness of each egg was measured with two micrometers (digital and manual). Values measured by the manual micrometer were considered as actual thicknesses. Lowest correlation was determined between the logarithm method and the others (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant correlation between ultrasound and micrometer measurements (P < 0.05). According to the results of the current study, ultrasound measurement may be accepted as a suitable method for determining the eggshell thickness without breaking the egg.
Metabolic profile and adipokine levels in overweight and obese dogs
Authors: DE MARCHI Paula Nassar , MACHADO Luiz Henrique de Araújo , HOLSBACK Luciane , CALESSO Jéssica Ragazzi , FAGNANI Rafael , ZACARIAS JUNIOR Ademir , CARDOSO Mauro José Lahm
Published: July 2020

Obesity in dogs is increasingly present in the veterinary practice. In humans, it is known that there is a significant correlation between obesity and the development of hypertension and insulin resistance (IR), a clinical picture called metabolic syndrome. In dogs, however, there are only anecdotes about the syndrome. The objectives of this study were to determine serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, glucose, homeostasis assessment of B cell function (HOMA-B), homeostasis assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in dogs with different body conditions (BC) and body fat (BF) without endocrine disease. For this purpose, 76 healthy dogs were submitted to evaluation of body conditions score (BCS) and morphometry. The dogs were separated into 3 groups: optimal BC [BCS 3,4, or 5 of 9 and BF% of 13 to 27-Group 1 (G1)], overweight [BCS 6 and 7 of 9 and BF% of 14 to 38- Group 2 (G2)], obese [BCS 8 and 9 of 9 and BF% greater than or equal to 34-Group 3 (G3)]. G3 presented higher serum levels of total protein, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Adipokines did not correlate to any other parameter, but the occurrence of hyperinsulinemia was higher in G3. The results have shown that obese dogs presented IR and alterations in fat metabolism.
Typing of ΦSP–3 lytic Salmonella bacteriophages obtained from various fecal sources
Authors: SAKMANOĞLU Aslı , HADİMLİ Hasan Hüseyin
Published: July 2020

Although several reports are available on both ΦSP–1 and ΦSP–3 lytic Salmonella bacteriophages obtained from poultry, further research is required to study the effectiveness of ΦSP–3 type on serovars isolated from other sources. In the present study, we aimed to isolate bacteriophages from 8 serovars previously obtained from 869 fecal samples (calf, dairy cow, buffalo, and camel), genotype the bacteriophages, and detect the cross-lytic activities of the bacteriophages on Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Kentucky, S.Anatum, and S.Muenchen. A total of 16 bacteriophages were detected as ΦSP–3 type via PCR. The Hunter-Gaston Discriminatory Index of SDS-PAGE was calculated to be 0.825. Determination of multiplicity of infection (MOI) values were different for each bacteriophage according to the cross-lytic activity assessment. The MOI of the most effective S. Kentucky bacteriophage was 79.11 μg/mL for 2.5×104 cells, whereas that of the most ineffective S.Muenchen bacteriophage was 1.142 μg/μL for 2.5×104 cells. In conclusion, it was assumed that owing to the high and cross-lytic activity of the S. Kentucky bacteriophage, it has a larger host range, which differs in the lytic activities of each bacteriophage, despite being the same serovar, and that calf feces is the most important source for obtaining Salmonella bacteriophages.
On the Geography of Global Value Chains
Authors: Antràs Pol , Gortari Alonso
Published: July 2020

This paper develops a multi‐stage general‐equilibrium model of global value chains (GVCs) and studies the specialization of countries within GVCs in a world with barriers to international trade. With costly trade, the optimal location of production of a given stage in a GVC is not only a function of the marginal cost at which that stage can be produced in a given country, but is also shaped by the proximity of that location to the precedent and the subsequent desired locations of production. We show that, other things equal, it is optimal to locate relatively downstream stages of production in relatively central locations. We also develop and estimate a tractable, quantifiable version of our model that illustrates how changes in trade costs affect the extent to which various countries participate in domestic, regional, or global value chains, and traces the real income consequences of these changes.