bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Not Just ‘Somewhere South of Sovereignty and East of Equality’: Indian Strategizing in the Age of Transnational Solidarities
Authors: Vivekanandan Jayashree
Published: March 2024

South Asia witnessed a number of transnational solidarities, some of which it was home to, others that drew the region into their ambit. Articulations of national identity, evident in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, marked shifting definitions of the politico-cultural community in South Asia. Concurrently, there was a congealing of ideological connections that straddled continents such as the leftist solidarity Afro-Asianism epitomized. How did social imaginaries such as these, variously imbued with nationalist and internationalist ethos, influence India’s self-image? What role did sub-diplomatic solidarities forged by non-state actors such as activists and intellectuals play? In what ways had subnational activism contributed to some of these contested fraternities? Such questions were moot to India’s assessment of its own state capacity in the 1980s and beyond. The article takes as its focus two critical sites of postcolonial India’s international relations: transnational solidarity networks and domestic politics. In doing so, it attempts to offer a granular analysis of the ‘imagined collectivities’ India espoused and the multiplicity of agendas these stood for and which it helped shape.
Effect of Posterior Tibial Slope on Outcomes After Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Conyer Ryan T. , Allen Tyler G. , Reinholz Anna K. , Krych Aaron J. , Okoroha Kelechi R. , Stuart Michael J. , Levy Bruce A.
Published: March 2024

Background:

Increased posterior tibial slope (PTS) leads to a relative anterior translation of the tibia on the femur. This is thought to decrease the stress on posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction (PCLR) grafts.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of PTS on knee laxity, graft failure, and patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores after PCLR without concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). It was hypothesized that patients with higher PTS would have less knee laxity, fewer graft failures, and better PROs compared with patients with lower PTS.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

All patients who underwent PCLR between 2001 and 2020 at a single institution were identified. Patients were excluded if they underwent concomitant or prior ACLR or proximal tibial osteotomy, were younger than 18 years, had <2 years of in-person clinical follow-up, and did not have documented PRO scores (Lysholm score and International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] score). Data were collected retrospectively from a prospectively gathered database. PTS measurements were recorded from perioperative lateral knee radiographs. A linear regression model was created to analyze PTS in relation to PRO scores. Patients with a grade 1 (1-5 mm) or higher posterior drawer were compared with those who had a negative posterior drawer.

Results:

A total of 37 knees met inclusion criterion; the mean age was 30.7 years at the time of surgery. The mean clinical follow-up was 5.8 years. No significant correlation was found between either the Lysholm score or the IKDC score and the PTS. Twelve knees (32.4%) had a positive posterior drawer at final follow-up. The mean PTS in knees with a positive posterior drawer was 6.2°, whereas that for knees with a negative posterior drawer was 8.3° ( P = .08). No significant differences in PRO scores were identified for knees with versus knees without a positive posterior drawer. No documented graft failures or revisions were found.

Conclusion:

No significant differences were found in PROs or graft failure rates based on PTS at a mean of 5.8 years after PCLR. Increased tibial slope trended toward being protective against a positive posterior drawer, although this did not reach statistical significance.
Association of 5-Year Hip Arthroscopy Outcomes with Hip Morphology and Cartilage Status at Time of Surgery: A National Registry Study With HAGOS Outcomes in 281 Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Richter Camilla , Ishøi Lasse , Kraemer Otto , Hölmich Per , Thorborg Kristian
Published: March 2024

Background:

The effects of specific bony hip morphologies, cam and dysplasia, and cartilage damage on mid- and long-term (≥5 years) patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are understudied.

Purpose:

To investigate if changes in PROs from preoperatively to 5 years after hip arthroscopy are associated with preoperative bony hip morphology and cartilage status in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients were identified in the Danish Hip Arthroscopy Registry. Hip and groin function was assessed from preoperatively to 5 years postoperatively with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Sports and Recreation (Sport) subscales. Morphology was defined using the anterior alpha angle (AA) and lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) as follows: mild to moderate cam (55°≤ AA < 78°), severe cam (AA ≥ 78°), pincer (LCEA > 39°), and borderline dysplasia (20°≤ LCEA < 25°). Joint space width (JSW) was defined as slightly reduced (3.1 mm ≤ JSW ≤ 4 mm) or severely reduced (2.1 mm ≤ JSW ≤ 3 mm). Acetabular cartilage status was defined by modified Beck grades 0 to 4 and femoral head cartilage status by International Cartilage Regeneration & Joint Preservation Society grades 0 to 4. Acetabular and femoral cartilage injury areas were categorized as <1, 1 to 2, or >2 cm2. Multiple regression analyses assessed adjusted associations between hip morphology and cartilage injuries with improvement in HAGOS-ADL and HAGOS-Sport.

Results:

The study included 281 patients (age, 35 ± 10 years; 52.3% female). No cam and mild-to-moderate cam were associated with greater improvement in HAGOS-ADL (16 points [ P = .002] and 7 points [ P = .038], respectively) compared with severe cam. Normal JSW was associated with greater improvement in HAGOS-ADL (21 points; P = .026) compared with severely reduced JSW. Femoral head cartilage injury area <1 cm2 was associated with greater improvements in HAGOS-ADL (17 points; P = .03) and HAGOS-Sport (21 points; P = .035) compared with femoral cartilage injury area >2 cm2.

Conclusion:

Patients having no-to-moderate cam morphology, normal JSW, or femoral head cartilage injury area <1 cm2 had greater improvement in PROs 5 years after hip arthroscopy compared with patients having severe cam morphology, severely reduced JSW, or femoral cartilage injury area >2 cm2.
Growing Uncertainty in Marriage Expectations among U.S. Youth
Authors: Pepin Joanna R. , Cohen Philip N.
Published: March 2024

Marriage rates are falling in the United States. The authors ask whether today’s young adults are likely to continue this trend. Using Monitoring the Future Public-Use Cross-Sectional Datasets (1976–2022), this visualization presents U.S. 12th graders’ marriage expectations. It shows declining optimism that they will be “very good” spouses and declining expectations that they will eventually marry. Both trends are prominent in the last 10 years of the survey, and both are more dramatic among young women than among young men. If these trends hold, it may foretell further declines in marriage rates in the coming years.
A Comparison Between In-Person and Virtual Communication Skills OSCE for Medical Students
Authors: Choi Alex , Murtha Tanya D. , Morrison Laura J. , Talwalkar Jaideep S.
Published: March 2024

Objectives

This study investigates the effectiveness of a virtual format of an advanced communication skills observed structured clinical examination (OSCE) for senior medical students in comparison to an in-person format. The study also examines the emotional support students experience in the virtual setting. Our analysis was based on quantitative data collected through objective checklists and post-OSCE survey results.

Methods

The virtual OSCE was a revision of an earlier in-person formative advanced communication skills OSCE for fourth-year medical students. Student performances were assessed by self and peers using objective checklists—the modified Master Interview Rating Scale (mMIRS) and Communication Behavior Checklist (CBC). The mMIRS measured interview process such as avoiding jargon and demonstrating empathy. The CBC examined interview content which included tasks specific to the content of the case. The OSCE was followed by a faculty-led debrief and quantitative survey. The virtual OSCE was conducted in 2021, and the results of the checklists and survey were compared with those collected from two earlier in-person OSCEs.

Results

Eighty-three students participated in the virtual OSCE. There was no difference in mMIRS scores between the virtual and in-person OSCE. Overall CBC scores were lower in the virtual OSCE compared to in-person ( p < 0.05). Sixty-seven out of 83 (80.7%) students completed the post-OSCE survey. There were no differences between the virtual and in-person OSCE in terms of educational value, whether the OSCE would change the way participants talk to patients, and preparedness to have serious conversations with patients. All respondents somewhat or strongly agreed with feeling emotionally supported during the virtual OSCE.

Conclusion

The virtual format was a suitable alternative to an in-person, formative, advanced communication skills OSCE for medical students. The virtual OSCE was educationally effective and was met with student satisfaction and a sense of emotional support. Future virtual iterations must ensure adequate instruction on interview content.
Prevalence, causes, and clinical associations of anemia in patients with systemic sclerosis: A cohort study
Authors: Gachet Benoit , Jouvray Mathieu , Koether Vincent , Collet Aurore , Morell-Dubois Sandrine , Sanges Sébastien , Sobanski Vincent , Hachulla Eric , Launay David
Published: March 2024

Background:

Anemia is considered a risk factor of severity in systemic sclerosis. Yet, limited data are available on the frequency and causes of anemia in systemic sclerosis. The objectives of our study were to determine the frequency and causes of anemia in systemic sclerosis, to analyze the clinical and biological characteristics of patients with anemia, and to assess the association between anemia and systemic sclerosis prognosis.

Methods:

We conducted a prospective single-center study from January 2017 to May 2022. Patients underwent a hemoglobin assay and a standardized etiological workup to determine the causes of anemia at the initial visit. Clinical and biological parameters were compared between patients with anemia and those with normal hemoglobin levels. We followed up patients until May 2023 and compared their survival.

Results:

A total of 502 systemic sclerosis patients, including 107 diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, were included. At enrollment, 100 patients had anemia. The primary cause of anemia was iron deficiency (40%). Among the 32 patients with iron deficiency-associated anemia who underwent gastrointestinal exploration, 56% had digestive bleeding, with upper gastrointestinal tract involvement being the main cause (90%). Patients with anemia at enrollment had higher systemic sclerosis severity scores and more gastrointestinal symptoms compared to patients without anemia (p < 0.05). They exhibited higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure, lower anemia-corrected diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, and lower forced vital capacity (p < 0.05). During follow-up, 65 patients (14.8%) died. After adjusting for age, systemic sclerosis subtypes, forced vital capacity, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, anemia at inclusion was associated with a higher mortality rate (hazard ratio: 1.94 (95% confidence interval: 1.39–2.48), p = 0.02).

Conclusion:

Our study shows a high frequency of anemia among patients with systemic sclerosis. Most anemias are due to iron deficiency, and gastrointestinal exploration can identify bleeding in the majority of the cases. In addition, our study confirms that systemic sclerosis patients with anemia have a more severe disease and a higher mortality rate.
Criminal Justice Responses to Sex Trafficking in West Bengal, India: A Representative Study from Victims’ Lenses
Authors: Chakraborty Ankita , Dube Dipa
Published: March 2024

Known to be the oldest crime on earth, human trafficking has existed as an illegal industry from time immemorial. Statistics reveal that every year, 1–2 million men, women and children are trafficked worldwide, and about 0.22 million (225,000) are from South Asia. Amongst the South-Asian countries, India faces a high-ceilinged rate of sex trafficking and although it made its anti-trafficking interventions quite early, with the inclusion of anti-trafficking provisions in its domestic legislation and signed the United Nations Protocol, yet, the problem persisted and assumed alarming proportions. The principal argument that has been offered for the inept human trafficking responses in India is that the different facets of prevention, protection and prosecution centred on the human rights priorities of the victims are not adequately met.

The present article is based on an empirical study conducted by the authors to understand the underpinnings of the working of the Indian criminal justice system (CJS) from the lens of victim’s experiences in West Bengal, India. West Bengal is one of the states located in the eastern part of the country, which shares its borders with Bangladesh and Nepal, and acts as an epicentre of sex trafficking in India. To determine whether the anti-trafficking interventions in India, which are largely based on the rhetoric of raid-to-rescue, are attuned to the specific needs of the sex trafficked survivors; the authors attempted to assess their encounters with and confidence in the CJS. They used cross-sectional surveys to collect qualitative data from 40 victims ( n = 40) across three after-care facilities in West Bengal, namely, Sanlaap, International Justice Mission and Mahima. The purpose of using this phenomenological study was to describe the phenomenon as participant-respondents experience them. In conclusion, the authors pinpointed the necessary interventions required at the legal and procedural levels to make the ICJS more responsive towards the needs of the sex-trafficked victims.
Choosing Optimal Feeding Method in Head–Neck Cancer Patients Receiving Radiation: Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Versus Nasogastric Tube—Is It Pertinent?
Authors: Karmakar-Mangaj Shreyasee , Laskar Sarbani Ghosh , Talapatra Kaustav
Published: March 2024

The current standard of care for locally-advanced head–neck cancer is multidisciplinary, using bimodality or trimodality therapy as appropriate. These patients are frequently malnourished either due to disease or due to treatment related toxicities. Both chemotherapy and radiotherapy are associated with acute and late toxicities which in turn exacerbate malnutrition in these patients. Malnutrition is found to be associated with poor survival outcomes. To maintain nutrition in such patients, enteral feeding can be done using either percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG) or a nasogastric tube (NGT). Both PEG and NGT have been found effective in adequate maintenance of weight; however, both have their own set of advantages and disadvantages. Nutritional counselling forms an integral part of weight management during treatment and oral feeding should be encouraged in all unless contra-indicated.
Enhanced MAPK signaling induced by CSF3R mutants confers dependence to DUSP1 for leukemic transformation
Authors: Kesarwani Meenu , Kincaid Zachary , Azhar Mohammad , Azam Mohammad
Published: March 2024

Elevated MAPK and the JAK-STAT signaling play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of chronic neutrophilic leukemia and atypical chronic myeloid leukemia. Although inhibitors targeting these pathways effectively suppress the diseases, they fall short in providing enduring remission, largely attributed to the cytostatic nature of these drugs. Even combinations of these drugs are ineffective in achieving sustained remission. Enhanced MAPK signaling besides promoting proliferation and survival triggers a proapoptotic response. Consequently, malignancies reliant on elevated MAPK signaling use MAPK feedback regulators to intricately modulate the signaling output, prioritizing proliferation and survival while dampening the apoptotic stimuli. Herein, we demonstrate that enhanced MAPK signaling in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R)–driven leukemia upregulates the expression of dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) to suppress the apoptotic stimuli crucial for leukemogenesis. Consequently, genetic deletion of Dusp1 in mice conferred synthetic lethality to CSF3R-induced leukemia. Mechanistically, DUSP1 depletion in leukemic context causes activation of JNK1/2 that results in induced expression of BIM and P53 while suppressing the expression of BCL2 that selectively triggers apoptotic response in leukemic cells. Pharmacological inhibition of DUSP1 by BCI (a DUSP1 inhibitor) alone lacked antileukemic activity due to ERK1/2 rebound caused by off-target inhibition of DUSP6. Consequently, a combination of BCI with a MEK inhibitor successfully cured CSF3R-induced leukemia in a preclinical mouse model. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of DUSP1 in leukemic transformation driven by enhanced MAPK signaling and advocate for the development of a selective DUSP1 inhibitor for curative treatment outcomes.
Neutrophil functions in patients with neutropenia due to glycogen storage disease type 1b treated with empagliflozin
Authors: Kaczor Magdalena , Malicki Stanislaw , Folkert Justyna , Dobosz Ewelina , Bryzek Danuta , Chruscicka-Smaga Barbara , Greczan Milena , Wesół- Kucharska Dorota , Piątosa Barbara , Samborowska Emilia , Madzio Joanna , Książyk Janusz , Ehmke vel Emczyńska Ewa , Hajdacka Małgorzata , Potempa Jan , Młynarski Wojciech , Rokicki Dariusz , Veillard Florian
Published: March 2024

Neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction in glycogen storage disease type 1b (GSD1b) are caused by the accumulation of 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate in granulocytes. The antidiabetic drug empagliflozin reduces the concentration of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), thus restoring neutrophil counts and functions, leading to promising results in previous case reports. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of neutrophil function in 7 patients with GSD1b and 11 healthy donors, aiming to evaluate the immediate (after 3 months) and long-term (after 12 months) efficacy of empagliflozin compared with the reference treatment with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). We found that most patients receiving G-CSF remained neutropenic with dysfunctional granulocytes, whereas treatment with empagliflozin increased neutrophil counts and improved functionality by inhibiting apoptosis, restoring phagocytosis and the chemotactic response, normalizing the oxidative burst, and stabilizing cellular and plasma levels of defensins and lactotransferrin. These improvements correlated with the decrease in serum 1,5-AG levels. However, neither G-CSF nor empagliflozin overcame deficiencies in the production of cathelicidin/LL-37 and neutrophil extracellular traps. Given the general improvement promoted by empagliflozin treatment, patients were less susceptible to severe infections. G-CSF injections were therefore discontinued in 6 patients (and the dose was reduced in the seventh) without adverse effects. Our systematic analysis, the most extensive reported thus far, has demonstrated the superior efficacy of empagliflozin compared with G-CSF, restoring the neutrophil population and normal immune functions. This trial was registered as EudraCT 2021-000580-78.
The North Penninic Bündnerschiefer and Flysch of the Prättigau (Swiss Alps) revisited
Authors: Winkler Wilfried
Published: March 2024

During the re-mapping of the area for the Geological Atlas of Switzerland, a significant stratigraphic unconformity was discovered in the North Penninic (Valais) Bündnerschiefer and the Flysch series of the northern Prättigau. It separates different units of the Cretaceous Bündnerschiefer from the Palaeogene Flysch. We explain this observation by a basin conversion from extension to compression, which caused the initial deformation of the Bündnerschiefer in an accretionary wedge. Interlinked return-flow has created a new heterogeneous substrate for the flysch sediments and explains the different types of unconformities. The basin conversion coincided with high-grade metamorphism in the vicinity of the the South Penninic suture and the Austroalpine units, and the increased exhumation in the Austroalpine nappe stack. Detrital zircon dating confirms also a change from European to Austroalpine detrital sources in the flysch sandstones. We discuss a palaeotectonic model leading to hP/lT metamorphism of the Bündnerschiefer in the Late Eocene (c. 42 Ma). It appears that the flysch formations were also involved, but to a lesser degree by tectonic deformation from the late Early Eocene onwards, as the pervasive folding characteristic of the Bündnerschiefer is absent. This has been followed by a phase of S-directed backfolding. During the Oligocene and Miocene, more extensive deformation occurred by SE to NW compression and finally by probable westward thrusting and folding. Our main theme is the transition from passive to active continental margins, which in Alpine plate tectonic framework corresponds to the transition to flysch sedimentation by basin conversion. Our results show that the simultaneity of the transition from extension to compression, as indicated by the accumulation of flysch, shifted in time from south to north in the Alpine Tethys.
Emerging roles of prominin-1 (CD133) in the dynamics of plasma membrane architecture and cell signaling pathways in health and disease
Authors: Pleskač Petr , Fargeas Christine A. , Veselska Renata , Corbeil Denis , Skoda Jan
Published: March 2024

Prominin-1 (CD133) is a cholesterol-binding membrane glycoprotein selectively associated with highly curved and prominent membrane structures. It is widely recognized as an antigenic marker of stem cells and cancer stem cells and is frequently used to isolate them from biological and clinical samples. Recent progress in understanding various aspects of CD133 biology in different cell types has revealed the involvement of CD133 in the architecture and dynamics of plasma membrane protrusions, such as microvilli and cilia, including the release of extracellular vesicles, as well as in various signaling pathways, which may be regulated in part by posttranslational modifications of CD133 and its interactions with a variety of proteins and lipids. Hence, CD133 appears to be a master regulator of cell signaling as its engagement in PI3K/Akt, Src-FAK, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/Smad and MAPK/ERK pathways may explain its broad action in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration or intercellular communication. Here, we summarize early studies on CD133, as they are essential to grasp its novel features, and describe recent evidence demonstrating that this unique molecule is involved in membrane dynamics and molecular signaling that affects various facets of tissue homeostasis and cancer development. We hope this review will provide an informative resource for future efforts to elucidate the details of CD133’s molecular function in health and disease.
Durable anti-fog micro-nano structures fabricated by laser ablation of aluminum film on resin/glass
Authors: Cui Hongtao , Teng Chao , Xie Xinyi , Qi Xiaowen
Published: March 2024

This study presents a technique for processing transparent glass and resin substrates using a low-cost laser marker to create a micro-nano-structured surface with exceptional anti-fog properties. The approach involved depositing an aluminum (Al) film on the transparent substrates as an absorbing layer, followed by rapid laser marker ablation. This ablation process effectively removed the majority of the Al film, resulting in the formation of hierarchical hillock-hollow micro-structures and the dispersion of Al-based nano-particles throughout the surface. The resulting structure on resin glasses demonstrated anti-fog performance even after 629 days storage in the laboratory, which marked the longest antifog record. It exhibited impressive antifog property without visible degradation for the first 9 months, which though degraded substantially afterwards. Furthermore, the micro-nano structure played a key role in reducing the contact angle of the surface. The contact angle experienced a significant reduction from a value of 64° for the control resin to 6.9° for the treated resin, while it was reduced from 44° for the control glass to 0° for the treated glass, indicating superhydrophilicity. This 0° superhydrophilic state persisted for a period of 25 days.
Deciphering the Genetic Basis of Allelopathy in japonica Rice Cultivated in Temperate Regions Using a Genome-Wide Association Study
Authors: García-Romeral Julia , Castanera Raúl , Casacuberta Josep , Domingo Concha
Published: March 2024

Allelopathy has been considered as a natural method of weed control. Despite the nature of allelochemical compounds has been studied, little is known about the genetic basis underlying allelopathy. However, it is known that rice exhibits diverse allelopathic potentials across varieties, and breeding for rice plants exhibiting allelopathic potential conferring an advantage against weeds in paddy fields would be highly desirable. Knowledge of the gene factors and the identification of the genomic regions responsible for allelopathy would facilitate breeding programs. Taking advantage of the existing genetic diversity in rice, particularly in temperate japonica rice, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the genetic determinants that contribute to rice allelopathy. Employing Genome-Wide Association Study, we identified four Quantitative Trait Loci, with the most promising loci situated on chromosome 2 and 5. Subsequent inspection of the genes located within these QTLs revealed genes associated with the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL), a key enzyme in the synthesis of phenolic compounds, and two genes coding for R2R3-type MYB transcription factors. The identification of these two QTLs associated to allelopathy in rice provides a useful tool for further exploration and targeted breeding strategies.
LncRNA and mRNA expression characteristic and bioinformatic analysis in myocardium of diabetic cardiomyopathy mice
Authors: Zhao Mengnan , Wang Ting , Cai Xiaoning , Li Guizhi , Li Na , Zhou Hong
Published: March 2024

Background

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is becoming a very well-known clinical entity and leads to increased heart failure in diabetic patients. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of DCM. In the present study, the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs were illuminated in myocardium from DCM mice, with purpose of exploring probable pathological processes of DCM involved by differentially expressed genes in order to provide a new direction for the future researches of DCM.

Results

The results showed that a total of 93 differentially expressed lncRNA transcripts and 881 mRNA transcripts were aberrantly expressed in db/db mice compared with the controls. The top 6 differentially expressed lncRNAs like up-regulated Hmga1b, Gm8909, Gm50252 and down-regulated Msantd4, 4933413J09Rik, Gm41414 have not yet been reported in DCM. The lncRNAs-mRNAs co-expression network analysis showed that LncRNA 2610507I01Rik, 2310015A16Rik, Gm10503, A930015D03Rik and Gm48483 were the most relevant to differentially expressed mRNAs.

Conclusion

Our results showed that db/db DCM mice exist differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in hearts. These differentially expressed lncRNAs may be involved in the pathological process of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibrosis in DCM.
Early and mid-term outcomes of open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair after thoracic endovascular aortic repair
Authors: Lin Ji , Liu Wei , Yang Cheng-Wei , Jian Kaitao , Xia Yu , Peng Hao , You Bin , Sun Li-Zhong
Published: March 2024

Objective

To evaluate the early and mid-term outcomes of open repair in patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR).

Methods

This was a retrospective single center study. Data were retrospectively collected and analyzed for consecutive patients undergoing open TAAA repair (TAAAR) after TEVAR from November 2016 to June 2021. Indications for TAAAR included aneurysm progression due to endoleak, persisted false lumen perfusion, proximal/distal disease progression, and aorta rupture. The risk factor of operative mortality was analyzed by multivariable logistic regression model and the survival was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier.

Results

Sixty-three patients who met the inclusion criteria for the study were identified. The mean age at TAAAR was 41 ± 12 years and 43 (68.3%) were male. Marfan syndrome (MFS) was presented in 39 patients (61.9%). 60 (95.2%) patients presented with post-dissection aneurysm and 3 (4.8%) patients with degenerative aneurysm. The extent of TAAA was Crawford I in 9 (14.3%), II in 22 (34.9%), III in 23 (36.5%), and IV in 9 (14.3%). Emergent TAAAR was done in 10 (15.9%) patients, and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was used in 22 (34.6%). Endograft was explanted in 31 (49.2%). Operative mortality was 11 (17.5%). Stroke, paraplegia, and acute kidney failure occurred in 5 (7.9%), 7 (11.1%), and 6 (9.5%) patients, respectively. Pulmonary complications occurred in 19 (30.2%) patients. The estimated survival was 74.8 ± 4.9% at 5 years. Late reoperations were performed in 2 patients at 2.5 years and 1.3 years, respectively.

Conclusions

In this series of TAAA after TEVAR, TAAAR was related with a high risk of operative mortality and morbidity and the midterm outcomes represented a durable treatment and were respectable.
Dermoscopic features of nails in Leprosy patients in a tertiary referral hospital in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Gunawan Hendra , Nurani Namira Bening
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease, mainly affecting the skin and peripheral nerves, caused by the obligate intracellular bacteriaMycobacterium leprae. The disease has been discussed in several review articles in recent research, but as far as we know, only a few have addressed the effects of leprosy on nails, especially those who examine the dermoscopic features of nails in leprosy patients.

Purposes

We aimed to document nail changes in leprosy patients and identify any particular findings through dermoscopic examination.

Method

This was an observational study conducted in the Dermatology and Venereology Clinic of Hasan Sadikin Hospital, West Java, Indonesia, from March 2023 through May 2023. All patients have established cases of leprosy, and the diagnosis is based on clinical and bacteriological examinations. Recruitment was done through total sampling. Dermoscopic examination of all fingernails and toenails was performed at 10x magnification using a handheld dermatoscope (Heine DELTA 20 T Dermatoscope) in polarized mode without the linkage fluid to document the dermoscopic features.

Result

Of a total of 19 patients, 15 had nail changes due to leprosy. Out of 15 patients, 13 patients were male. Patients below 25 years old had more nail changes. Most of the patients had a duration of disease greater than two years. Both fingers and toes were involved in nine patients. In this study, the most common dermoscopic feature found was the longitudinal ridge. Other dermoscopic features found in this study were transverse lines, onycholysis, longitudinal melanonychia, leukonychia, subungual hemorrhage, subungual hyperkeratosis, anonychia, and onychorrexis.

Conclusion

Nail changes are found in leprosy patients and have a wide variety of clinical appearances. A dermoscopy should be performed to assess nail changes in leprosy.
Depression during pregnancy and associated factors among women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ayen Solomon Shitu , Kasahun Abebaw Wasie , Zewdie Amare
Published: March 2024

Background

Pregnancy is one of the most remarkable experiences in a woman’s life. Prenatal depression, characterized by stress and worry associated with pregnancy, can reach severe levels. On a global scale, mental and addictive disorders affect more than one billion people, causing 19% of years lived with disability. It is estimated that 25–35% of pregnant women experience depressive symptoms, with 20% meeting the diagnostic criteria for major depression.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to examine depression during pregnancy in Ethiopia. The search was conducted from March 1–31, 2023. Data extraction used Microsoft Excel, and analysis was performed using STATA version 17. The New Castle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool was employed to evaluate the methodological quality of included studies. The Cochrane Q test and I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model estimated the pooled level of antenatal depression (APD). Publication bias was detected using a funnel plot and Begg’s and Egger’s tests.

Results

Out of 350 studies searched, 18 were included in the analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of depression in Ethiopia was 27.85% (95% CI: 23.75–31.96). Harari region reported the highest prevalence (37.44%), while Amhara region had the lowest (23.10%). Factors significantly associated with depression included unplanned pregnancies, low social support, low income, previous history of depression, intimate partner violence, and history of abortion.

Conclusion

This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that approximately one-quarter of pregnant women in Ethiopia experience depression during pregnancy. Unplanned pregnancy, low social support, low income, previous history of depression, history of abortion, and intimate partner violence are determinants of depression. To address this high prevalence, the Ethiopian government and stakeholders should develop policies that incorporate counseling during pregnancy follow-ups. Improving the quality of life for pregnant women is crucial for the well-being of families, communities, and the nation as a whole.
Reductive prodrug and AIE copolymer nanoparticle for monitoring and chemotherapy
Authors: Wang Zigui , Li Guilin , Zhao Qiaohui , Fu Guangyu , Yang Zengli , Zhang Guojun
Published: March 2024

Polymeric micelle systems for drug delivery, monitor and chemotherapy have gained significant attention, and reductive polymeric micelle systems have become particularly attractive due to their controlled release behavior without additional assistance. However, there are challenges in accurately controlling drug and probe release from the nanoparticles and determining the loading content of drug and probe. To address these issues, we have developed a reduction-responsive Pt(IV) prodrug-based polymeric delivery system that can be dynamically monitored using aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIE) based bioprobes. These polymeric micelle can self-assemble into nanoparticles and release both bio-active Pt(II) drug and bio-probe upon reduction activation. TPE molecules released in the inner endo/lysosomal microenvironment aggregate and fluoresce upon irradiation, thus allowing real-time tracking of drug biodistribution without additional contrast agents. Advantages of this system include position-specific chemical bond cleavage, control of platinum content, and monitoring of drug reduction and biodistribution.
Carbon-ion radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with major vascular invasion: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kaneko Takashi , Makishima Hirokazu , Wakatsuki Masaru , Hiroshima Yuichi , Matsui Toshiaki , Yasuda Shigeo , Okada Naomi Nagatake , Nemoto Kenji , Tsuji Hiroshi , Yamada Shigeru , Miyazaki Masaru
Published: March 2024

Background

Macroscopic vascular invasion (MVI) significantly impacts survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), warranting systemic therapy over locoregional therapy. Despite novel approaches, HCC with MVI has a poor prognosis compared to early-to intermediate-stage HCC. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for HCC characterized by MVI.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study evaluated HCC patients with MVI treated using C-ion RT with a dose of 45.0–48.0 Gy/2 fractions or 52.8–60.0 Gy/4 fractions between 1995 and 2020 at our institution in Japan. We analyzed the prognostic factors and rates of local recurrence, survival, and adverse events. The local recurrence rate was determined using the cumulative incidence function, with death as a competing event. Survival rates were determined using the Kaplan–Meier method. The log-rank test for univariate analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model for multivariate analysis were used to compare subgroups.

Results

In total, 76 patients with a median age of 71 years (range, 45–86 years) were evaluated. Among them, 68 had Child–Pugh grade A while eight had grade B disease. In 17 patients, the vascular tumor thrombus reached the inferior vena cava or main trunk of the portal vein. Over a median follow-up period of 27.9 months (range, 1.5–180.4 months), the 2-year overall survival, progression-free survival, and local recurrence rates were 70.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 57.7–79.4%), 32.7% (95% CI: 22.0–43.8%), and 8.9% (95% CI: 1.7–23.5%), respectively. A naïve tumor and a single lesion were significant prognostic factors for overall survival in the univariate analysis. Albumin-bilirubin grade 1 and a single lesion were independent prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis. Overall, four patients (5%) experienced grade 3 late adverse events, with no observed grade 4 or 5 acute or late adverse events.

Conclusions

C-ion RT for HCC with MVI showed favorable local control and survival benefits with minimal toxicity.
Evaluation of the diagnostic performance of colposcopy in the detection of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions among women with transformation zone type 3
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Zhao Yunzhi , Xiang Fenfen , Zhang Xinpei , Chen Zixi , Zhang Mengzhe , Kang Xiangdong , Wu Rong
Published: March 2024

Background

Inaccurate colposcopy diagnosis may lead to inappropriate management and increase the incidence of cervical cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of colposcopy in the detection of histologic cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) in women with transformation zone type 3 (TZ3).

Methods

Records from 764 patients with TZ3 who underwent colposcopy-directed biopsy and/or endocervical curettage in Putuo Hospital China between February 2020 and March 2023 were retrospectively collected. Colposcopy was carried out based on 2011 International Federation of Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy (IFCPC) and Colposcopy nomenclature. The diagnostic performance of colposcopy for identifying CIN2 + was evaluated compared with biopsies. The Kappa and McNemar tests were used to perform statistical analyses.

Results

Among the study population, 11.0% had pathologic CIN2+. The relative sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of colposcopy for histologic CIN2 + were 51.2%, 96.5%, 64.2% and 94.1%, respectively. The senior colposcopists (80.6%) had a higher colposcopic accuracy to diagnose histologic CIN2 + than junior colposcopists (68.6%). In subgroup analyses, age group ≥ 60 years (70.3%) showed lowest diagnostic accuracy when compared with age groups of < 45 years (84.4%) and 45–59 years (74.9%).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest an increased risk of diagnostic inaccuracy of colposcopy in identifying CIN2 + in those ≥ 60 years of age with TZ3, and the accuracy of colposcopy is required to be further improved.
The impact of depressive and anxious symptoms on non-suicidal self-injury behavior in adolescents: a network analysis
Authors: Guan Muzhen , Liu Junchang , Li Xinhong , Cai Min , Bi Jing , Zhou Ping , Wang Zhongheng , Wu Songwen , Guo Li , Wang Huaning
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Conceptualizing adolescent NSSI and emotional symptoms as a system of causal elements could provide valuable insights into the development of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescent. This study aimed to explore the intricate relationship between NSSI, depressive symptoms, and anxious symptoms in adolescents, identifying key symptoms to establish a theoretical foundation for targeted and effective interventions addressing NSSI behaviors in this population.

Methods

A total of 412 adolescents with NSSI behaviors were selected from outpatients. Generalized anxious disorder scale (GAD-7) and patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) were employed to measure anxious symptoms and depressive symptoms, respectively. The adolescent non-suicidal self-injury assessment questionnaire (ANSSIAQ) was used to evaluate NSSI of adolescent. Using network analysis, the NSSI、depressive symptoms and anxious symptoms network were constructed to identify the most central symptoms and the bridge symptoms within the networks.

Results

The findings revealed that the NSSI functional nodes “coping with sadness and disappointment” and “relieving stress or anxious” exhibited the strongest correlation, with a regularized partial correlation coefficient was 0.401. The symptoms “having a desire to harm oneself and unable to stop” and the node “depressive symptoms” had the highest strength centrality in the network, and their strength centrality indices were 1.267 and 1.263, respectively. The bridge nodes were “having a desire to harm oneself and unable to stop” and “expressing one’s despair and hopelessness”, with expected impact indices of 0.389 and 0.396, respectively.

Conclusion

In adolescents, the network revealed a closer connection between NSSI and depressive symptoms. “The desire to not stop hurting oneself” is not only broadly connected to other nodes but also could activate other nodes to maintain NSSI behavior. In light of these findings, precise targets for pharmacological treatment, psychotherapy, physical therapy, etc., are identified for adolescents with NSSI. Targeting this specific aspect in interventions may contribute to preventing and reducing NSSI behavior in adolescents.
12-month follow-up of intensive outpatient treatment for PTSD combining prolonged exposure therapy, EMDR and physical activity
Authors: Klaeth Julie Rendum , Jensen Andreas Gjerde , Auren Trude Julie Brynhildsvoll , Solem Stian
Published: March 2024

Background

Preliminary evidence shows promising treatment outcomes at short-term follow-up for intensive posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment, but long-term follow-up studies are sparse. This study is a sequel to a previous pilot study and open trial, set out to investigate treatment outcomes at 12-month follow-up for outpatients completing an 8-day intensive treatment for PTSD.

Methods

All patients were diagnosed with PTSD and had multiple previous psychotherapy attempts (M = 3.1). Patients were assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, 3- and 12-month follow-up. Of 35 treated patients, 32 (91.4%) attended the long-term follow-up assessment. The treatment programme combined prolonged exposure therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and physical activity.

Results

The effect sizes indicated large reductions in symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, interpersonal problems, and well-being. Changes in functioning showed a small-medium effect. Results were stable across the follow-up period. The treatment response rates showed that 46–60% of patients achieved recovery with respect to PTSD symptoms, and that 44–48% no longer met diagnostic criteria for PTSD.

Conclusions

Time-limited and concentrated outpatient treatment for PTSD can yield large and enduring positive outcomes. Controlled trials are needed to establish relative efficacy.

Trial registration

The study was registered in Current Research Information System In Norway (Cristin). Cristin-project-ID: 654,790. Date of registration: 18.03.2019.
The relationship between psychological distress and weight maintenance in weight cycling: mediating role of eating behavior
Authors: Li Wanyang , Wang Dan , Chen Hongyu , Liu Yan , Dong Shuyao , Sun Mingyao , Chen Wei
Published: March 2024

Background

Obesity is a global public health concern. The goal of this study was to see if eating habits could mediate the relationship between psychological distress and weight maintenance in a population with a history of weight cycling.

Methods

A 3-month outpatient intervention consisting of a diet and exercise program was provided to 153 participants. Psychological distress, appetite, and behavior were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. Anthropometric measurements were taken at baseline and six months.

Results

After the structural equation model was developed, it was discovered that the psychological status of people with obesity and weight cycling histories correlated with the weight loss outcome effect (three and six months). This effect was mediated by factors related to eating behavior. Associative psychological factors had a direct effect on eating behavior (three months: β = 0.181, 95% CI: 0.055–0.310; six months: β = 0.182, 95% CI: 0.039–0.332) and appetite had a direct effect on eating behavior (three months: β = 0.600, 95% CI: 0.514–0.717; six months: β = 0.581, 95% CI: 0.457–0.713), both of which were significant (p < 0.01). At three months, psychological distress has a more substantial positive impact on weight change, with eating behavior acting as a partial mediator. At six months, there was no support for appetite’s moderating role in eating behavior.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that psychological interventions should be strengthened to improve weight loss effectiveness, particularly in participants with a history of weight cycling, making weight loss more complicated and prone to rebound.

Clinical trial registration

The study has been registered in Clinical Trials (NCT05311462).