bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Good Corporate Governance on the Performance of PT. Garuda Indonesia
Authors: Azura Amelia , Firjatullah Fairuz , Azzahra Maylin , Aqillah Nilam Utami , Nasution Juliana
Published: May 2024

Good corporate governance is very important in a company. It is used to improve the company's business, to control and direct labor relations and can even increase the responsibilities of company managers. The implementation of GCG has been stated in Law no. 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies and Law NO. 19 of 2003 concerning BUMN and Minister of BUMN Regulation Number PER 01/MBU/2011 concerning the Implementation of Good Corporate Governance. Like our research this time which raised the case of GCG implementation at PT. GARUDA INDONESIA. The research method used is a qualitative literature study, this study aims to determine whether the implementation of GCG in PT. GARUDA INDONESIA produces good performance or not in the company. And the results of this study convey that PT.GARUDA INDONESIA received a "very good" qualification.
Analysis of Internal Control Systems for Merchandise Inventory in Minimizing Damage and Loss of Merchandise at the Indomaret Minimarket in Surabaya, Bengkulu City
Authors: Prasetya Andika Dwi Yudha , Susanti Neri , Noviantoro Rinto
Published: May 2024

Accounting Information System. The formulation of the problem in this study is how the internal control system for merchandise inventory minimizes damage and loss of merchandise at the Indomaret Minimarket Surabaya Bengkulu City. The purpose of this study was to determine the internal control system for merchandise inventory at the Indomaret Minimarket Surabaya Bengkulu City.
 
This type of research is descriptive research. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. Data collection was carried out by means of interviews and documentation. Sources of data used primary data and secondary data. The results of this study are that the internal control system for merchandise inventory at the Indomaret Minimarket Surabaya Bengkulu City has not been implemented properly because there is still no warehouse function. Effective measures to minimize damage and loss of merchandise and maintain inventory levels have not been implemented properly.
The Influence Of Service Quality, Service Facilities, Discipline Of Service Officers, Service Procedures, Interpersonal Communication And The Ability Of Service Officers On Satisfaction In The Community Of Tanjung Enim Selatan Sub-District. Lawang Kidul D
Authors: Medaryani Medaryani , Hamid Abdul , Darmin Darmin
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the influence of service quality, service facilities, discipline of service officers, service procedures, interpersonal communication and the ability of service officers both individually and collectively on satisfaction in the people of South Tanjung Enim Village, Lawang Kidul District, Regency Muara Enim. The research method used in this study is a quantitative method using questionnaires distributed to respondents. Test the quality of the data by using the validity test, reliability test, normality test. The analysis used is descriptive analysis and inferential analysis using statistical calculations with multiple regression formulas, partial test simultaneous test and the coefficient of determination. The results of the study obtained that service quality has a significant effect on satisfaction in the people of South Tanjung Enim Village, Lawang Kidul District, Muara Enim Regency. Service facilities have a significant effect on community satisfaction. Discipline of service personnel has a significant effect on community satisfaction. Service procedures have a significant effect on community satisfaction. Interpersonal communication has a significant effect on community satisfaction. The ability of service officers has a significant effect on community satisfaction. Service quality, service facilities, discipline of service personnel, service procedures, interpersonal communication and the ability of service personnel have a significant effect on satisfaction of the people of Tanjung Enim Selatan Village, Lawang Kidul District, Muara Enim Regency.
Analysis Of Financial Performance In The (KPN) Civil Sevant Cooperative In Pasar Pino Village,South Bengkulu
Authors: Regita Nursia , Anggriani Ida , Astuty Kamelia
Published: May 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the financial performance of the civil servant cooperative (KPN) in Pasar Pino village. This research on the Civil Servant Cooperative (KPN) in Pasar Pino village used a quantitative descriptive method, which was carried out to analyze financial performance after comparing the financial reports of the 2020-2021 Civil Servant Cooperative (KPN) and using quantitative analysis techniques to manage financial data using analysis. financial ratios. The results of research on the civil servant cooperative (KPN) in Pasar Pino village, the financial reports presented were not good because they were still far below the established standards for assessing liquidity, solvency and profitability ratios. The civil servant cooperative (KPN) in Pasar Pino village does not prepare cash flow financial reports using methods, liquidity ratios, solvency and profitability so it does not know the criteria according to the 2004 Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Cooperatives, UKM, criteria for its financial reports. Therefore, researchers have analyzed the financial reports of the Civil Servant Cooperative (KPN) in Pasar Pino village in accordance with the standards for assessing liquidity, solvency and profitability ratios.
The Influence Of Service Quality On Customer Satisfaction At J&T Express Pondok Suguh Of Mokomuko Regency
Authors: Hutagaol Julianti Br. , Hanila Siti , Abi Yudi Irawan
Published: May 2024

Competition in goods delivery service companies is currently developing very rapidly. For this reason, every company owner must be able to create quality service that can increase consumer satisfaction. This research aims to determine the effect of service quality on consumer satisfaction at J&T Express Pondok Suguh, Mukomuko Regency. The sample in this study was 80 consumers who came to send packages and received packages at J&T Express Pondok Suguh, Mukomuko Regency. The sampling technique is accidental sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire and the analysis methods used were simple linear regression, determination tests and hypothesis testing. The results of simple linear regression analysis show Y = 22.392 + 0.307X. This illustrates a significant regression direction, meaning that there is a significant influence between Service Quality (X) on Consumer Satisfaction (Y). This means that if the service quality variable increases, it will increase consumer satisfaction. The results of the t test at the level of α= 0.05 explain that the service quality variable has a significant influence on the consumer satisfaction variable at J&T Express Pondok Suguh, Mukomuko Regency. The value of the coefficient of determination is 0.222. This means that Service Quality (X) influences Consumer Satisfaction (Y) by 22.2% while the remaining 78.8% is influenced by other variables not examined in this research.
Ananalysis Of The Effect Of Service Quality And Price Toward Consumers' Satisfaction At Agas Mart
Authors: Sari Serly Mayang , Fitriano Yun , Indriasari Nia
Published: May 2024

Competition in the context of marketing products and services will certainly show their respective advantages. For this reason, every company must be able to realize quality that can increase customer satisfaction. This research aims to test whether there is an effect of service quality and price on consumer’s satisfaction at Agas Mart Store. In this research, the data analysis methods used were validity test, reliability test, coefficient of determination, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression test, partial test (T test) and simultaneous test (F test). And determine data collection using the questionnaire method on a sample size of 75 customer respondents who came to buy basic food ingredients at Agas Mart Store. The sampling technique uses accidental sampling (sample by chance). The results of this research show that there is a positive and significant effect between Service Quality (X1) and Price (X2) on consumer satisfaction (Y) with a value (R) obtained by an R2 (R Square) value of 0.396 or (39%) which shows that the service quality (X1) and price (X2) variables have a positive and significant influence on the consumer’s satisfaction variable (Y). Thus, the hypothesis is accepted. Based on partial testing (T test), the service quality variable has a positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction at a significance value of less than 0.05. Meanwhile, price does not have a positive and significant effect on the consumer satisfaction variable at a significance value greater than 0.05. Based on simultaneous testing (F test) on the variables service quality (X1) and price (X2) on consumer satisfaction (Y) has a positive and significant effect because the F value is 23.598 with a significant value of 0.000 which is smaller than 0.05.
The Effect of Organizational Commitment and Work Motivation on Employee Productivity of PT. RODATEKNINDO PURWAJAYA
Authors: Ivantri Prayu , Fitriano Yun , Efendi Yanto
Published: May 2024

Rodateknindo Purajaya is a construction company in the implementation sector with the form of PT which has qualifications. This research aims to determine the effect of organizational commitment and work motivation on employees’ work productivity at PT. Rodateknindo Purajaya. This type of research is correlational, namely research to determine the influence and level of influence between two or more variables without any attempt to influence these variables. The sample in this study used a total sampling technique, where the entire population was sampled, amounting to 55 people. There is an influence of organizational commitment (X1) on work productivity (Y) at PT. Rodateknindo Purajaya Bengkulu is 0.000, so Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. From the significance value obtained, variable X influences work productivity (Y). There is an influence of work motivation (X2) on work productivity (Y) at PT. Rodateknindo Purajaya Bengkulu is 0.031, so Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. From the significance value obtained, the variable X2influences work productivity (Y).
The Effects Of Transformational Leadership And Organizational Culture On Employee's Performance (Case Study at Nippon Paint Company Branch in Bengkulu City)
Authors: Agustina Mia Tri , Irwanto Tito , Prima Monique D Eska
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the calculation and effect of leadership and organizational culture on employee’s performance at Nippon Paint company branch in Bengkulu City. The analytical method used in the research is the quantitative method. Based on research results, Transformational Leadership has a significant effect on Employee’s Performance because tcount (2.753) is greater than ttable (1.674) with a significant value of 0.008 < 0.05. This illustrates that the better the transformational leadership at Nippon Paint company branch in Bengkulu City, the more employee’s performance will increase. Organizational culture does not have a significant effect on employee’s performance because tcount (0.771) is smaller than ttable (1.674) with a significant value of 0.445 > 0.005. This illustrates that employees at Nippon Paint company branch in Bengkulu City. From the simultaneous test results we can see that there is a significant effect between transformational leadership and organizational culture on the employee’s performance at Nippon Paint company branch  in Bengkulu City together because the value of Fcount > Ftable is 4.581 > 3.18 with a significance of 0.015 < 0, 05. From the results of the coefficient of determination test, the R square value is 0.155 or 15.5%. It can be concluded that there is a variable effect on employee’s performance of 15.5%. The remaining 84.5% is effected by variables outside this research.
Geographic Information System Implementation Using Google Maps Api In Mapping Muhammadiyah University In Indonesia
Authors: Ilahi S Rori Aprisan , Darmi Yulia , Diana Diana , Imanullah Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Based on data from the PP Muhammadiyah Research and Development Council, there are 62 Muhammadiyah Universities spread throughout Indonesia. Of the many Muhammadiyah Universities it would be very easy if there was a system that could display information and the location of the university in the form of a map. GIS is a computer information system used to process georeferenced spatial data (in the form of details, facts, conditions, etc.) stored in a database. By implementing the Muhammadiyah University Geographic Information System, it is hoped that it can help users in obtaining spatial and non-spatial information about Muhammadiyah University which is spread throughout Indonesia. The system must consist of input and output, therefore the application built consists of an admin section as input and a user as output. The admin application is used to process Muhammadiyah University location data which was built using the PHP programming language and MySQL database. The user application is used for implementing GIS on mapping Muhammadiyah University in Indonesia which runs on the Android operating system and is built using Android Studio with the Java and XML programming languages. The application can display a list of Muhammadiyah University locations in Indonesia in the form of a map and an ordered list. Utilization of google map in the application is to display a map which uses the google map api and displays the route from the user's location to the selected university.
Application Of Fuzzy Logic In Umkm Recommendations Upgrade Using The Sugeno Method At The Cooperative Office Of The City Of Bengkulu
Authors: Ristika Ristika , Suranti Dewi , Suryana Eko
Published: May 2024

The application of fuzzy logic in the recommendation of MSMEs to upgrade at the Bengkulu City Cooperative Office can help provide assessment results for MSMEs based on assessment criteria so that MSMEs are obtained that are upgraded feasible or not feasible. The Sugeno method will analyze MSME assessment data by looking at the number of workers, capital, and turnover of each MSME which will then calculate the z value in each rule where there are 54 rule compositions used so that the final value for each MSME can be known. Based on the blackbox testing that has been carried out, it is found that the functionality of the MSME recommendation application for upgrading at the Bengkul City Cooperative Service runs well as expected and is able to analyze MSME assessment data through the Sugeno Fuzzy Method to determine recommendations for MSME eligibility for upgrading..
The Relationship Of Limb Muscle Strength In Smash Badminton In Pb Kepahiang
Authors: Herianto Ahmad , Juwita Juwita , Perdima Feby Elra
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between leg muscle strength and smash skills of PB Kepahiang athletes, Bengkulu Province. The method used in this research is correlational quantitative method. The population in this study were athletes from PB Kepahiang, Bengkulu Province, Badminton Sports, totaling 22 athletes, while the sample in this study was 22 athletes. The instrument in this study was a leg muscle strength test and a smash test. Prerequisites of data analysis used were normality test with Lilliefors and homogeneity test. Analysis of the data used is the Product Moment Correlation analysis with a significance level of 5%. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there was a significant relationship between leg muscle strength (X) on the results of badminton smash skills as indicated by rxy = 0.84> r(0.05)(22) = 0.423.
Level Of Skilling Skills Speed Classic Categories Nature Living Students Dehasen University Bengkulu
Authors: Rahayu W. , Suwarni Suwarni , Martiani Martiani
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of rock climbing ability in the speed classic category of wall climbing. The subjects of this research are students who love nature at the Dehasen Bengkulu University. which amounted to 20 students where the fastest time for male students was 11.43 seconds while the fastest time for girls was 14.14 seconds. rock climbing ability in the speed classic category. Dehasen Bengkulu University students, as many as 2 students (10%) had a "very good" category, 5 students (25%) had a "good" category, 8 students (40%) had a "fairly good" category. , 3 students (15%) have a "less" category, and 2 students (10%) have a "very poor" category. The highest frequency was in the "good enough" category, namely 8 students (40%) so it can be concluded that the level of rock climbing ability in the speed classic category of students at the University of Dehasen Bengkulu using the climbing speed test was "good enough". The frequency of exercise which is approximately twice a week is still not enough to improve rock climbing ability in the speed classic category. This is because in training, of course there are programs from trainers that emphasize more on techniques and strategies in climbing without looking at students' abilities.
Long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of arthroscopic acromioclavicular stabilization for acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation
Authors: Van Eecke Eduard , Struelens Bernard , Muermans Stijn
Published: May 2024

Background: Standard open acromioclavicular (AC) stabilization is associated with increased postoperative complications including deltoid injury, infection, tunnel complications, loss of reduction, and wound/cosmetic concerns. Arthroscopy may offer superior visualization and advantages that limit these risks. The aim of this prospective non-randomized study is to evaluate advantages and long-term reliability of arthroscopic AC stabilization.Methods: Thirty-two patients with acute grade III, IV and V AC dislocations underwent arthroscopic AC reconstruction with long-term assessment by clinical AC examination, Simple Shoulder Test, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores, visual analog scale, Specific AC Score and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores. Radiographs verified conservation of initial reduction and presence of coracoclavicular (CC) ossifications. Complications, revision rate, and satisfaction were assessed and compared to the literature.Results: Mean follow-up time was 67.6 months. All clinical outcome scores improved and differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). Initial postoperative radiographs consistently showed complete reduction. Two patients experienced relapse to grade II AC dislocation without clinical implications. In total, 71.8% showed CC ossifications without functional impairment, and in 31.3% concomitant injuries were observed. Reintervention rate was 9.4%, and 96.9% of patients were satisfied with procedure outcomes.Conclusions: Arthroscopic stabilization for acute AC joint dislocations offers satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcomes, and our results show that the arthroscopic technique is reliable in the long run. We report better reduction in maintenance, fewer complications, and similar reoperation rates compared to other techniques.Level of evidence: III.
Innovations in Cyber Security Algorithms for Databases Enhancing Data Retrieval and Management
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amity School of Engineering and Technology (ASET), Amity University, Gwalior -474005 Madhya Pradesh, India., Shyam Shyam ,   Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Adesh Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical sciences, Adesh University, NH-7, Barnala Road, Bathinda,   Principal, Princeton Institute of Engineering  Technology for Women Hyderabad, Telangana, India,   Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Bhaskar Pharmacy College, Yenkapally, Moinabad, Hyderabad, Telangana,   Junior Engineer (Computer Science), Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar,   Professor, Department of CSE, Princeton Institute of Engineering and Technology for Women, Hyderabad, India, Kumar Pankaj , Shrivastava Rajeev , Jena Satyabrata , Pandey Tushar Kumar , Nigam Ankita
Published: May 2024

The term Innovations in Cyber Security Algorithms for Databases Enhancing Data Retrieval and Management refers to a book that studies novel techniques for tackling problems related to digital data. The integration of three complicated methods—DQO, DSS, and RAI—is the major focus of attention in this piece of writing. DQO makes use of machine learning to optimize query processing on the fly to meet fluctuating workloads. This is done to accommodate such workloads. To address issues pertaining to the scale of distributed systems, distributed storage systems (DSS) convey data in an effective manner by utilizing consistent hashing. The RAI algorithm adjusts the index architecture in response to the query patterns to achieve real-time flexibility. In this way, the process of looking for information that is frequently asked about is sped up. The methodology that has been suggested is superior to six different ways that are often used in terms of its adaptability, scalability, and real-time capabilities. This article will give a thorough model for improving data management in computer systems. The objective of this essay is to present the model.
Comparative autoecological study of Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii in the Iberian peninsula and other subspecies of the circun.mediterranean region
Authors: Regato P. , Elena R. , Sanchez Palomares O.
Published: May 2024

The ecological significance of mediterranean pine forests and their status as native plants are controversial questions which have resulted in much misinterpretation and ignorance of their role within plant communities. The concept of climax community is of little use in the mediterranean region, and should be abandoned in favor of a more dynamic view of the processes which influence vegetation structure. Pinus nigra serves as a good example, given its importance in mountainous areas throughout the mediterranean region where its various subspecies are found. Among these distinct subspecies, great adaptive similarities may be observed in comparative phytoecological analysis. The autoecological features of Iberian subspecies have been defined after an extensive field survey recording climatic, edaphic, vegetational, and silvicultural data throughout its distributional range. The central distribution nucleus has been more intensively surveyed in order to study in greater depth the dynamics of the Pinus nigra community and its role in succession. Comparisons with other subspecies throughout the mediterranean region have been made, particularly with the ecologically more similar ones (Subsp. laricio, subsp. pallasiana and subsp. dalmatica). This species defines potential forest stands under suitable climatic conditions at both extremes of the mediterranean region (Greece/Turkey and the Iberian Peninsula). It also occupies sites of extreme severity both geomorphologically (rocky outcrops and steep slopes) and lithologically (dolomites, serpentines, etc.), where it may sometimes play an important edaphogenetic role. Our results showed more than 50 p. 100 of low developed soils (Rendzinas). In addition, it forms secondary pine stands which have expanded their range due to human activity. Pinewoods consisting of different subspecies show quite similar understories. Nevertheless, it is possible to define two community types: a) Submediterranean: with abundant deciduous species, but under drier environmental conditions than the marescent communities. b) Stepic cold mediterranean: with a cushion scrub appearing mainly in eastern and western regions, occupying even the highest mountainous forest belts. The intense biogeomorphological dynamism of these mountainous areas causes constant natural modifications, defining a mosaic of communities in which Pinus nigra has a great ecological importance.
Incorporation of forest residues on the soil: evolution and consequences in soils formed on rañas of Montes de Toledo (Spain)
Authors: Blanco A.
Published: May 2024

In this paper the evolution of the splinters generated and incorporated to the soil as a result of several forest cultural operations are studied. To reach this goal several testing plots has been set and the effects on the soil environment has been analized.
A review of the use of radar imagery and its integration with optical images
Authors: Saleta Borderas J. L. , Cuevas Gozalo J. M. , Gonzalez Alonso F.
Published: May 2024

The forest applications of the radar images are presented and discussed, doing a detailed revission of the most modern researchs. Special attention is paid to the combination of radar images and images in the visible-infrarred domain.
Effects of slope and fuel load of Pinus halepensis needles beds on fire behaviour: models determined in the laboratory
Authors: Guijarro M. , Valette J. C.
Published: May 2024

Fire behaviour has been studied on an laboratory device in fuel beds of Pinus halepensis needles. The effect of slope (seven levels:-30º, -20º, -10º, 0º, +10º, +20º, +30º) and fuel load (three levels: 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 kg · m-2). The experiments have been conducted on homogeneous ovendried neddles. Fire spreads steadily with all fuel loads and slopes between -30º and +10º and also at +20º with 0,4 kg · m-2. For fuel loads of 0,4 y 0,8 kg · m-2, rate of weight loss is lenarly related to rate of spread (the relation is significant); with 1,2 kg · m-2. the relation is weaker. Remaining fuel ratio increases when slope increases from -30º to 0º and decreases when fuel load increases. Two other parameters (maximum temperatures and areas bewteen temperature-time curve and istherm 60º C) depend on slope and increase with fuel load. This work takes place in a more global study of INIA and INRA to elaborate models to predict fire behaviour.
Wood density of three species of pine at the Río de los Sauces region (Córdoba, Argentina)
Authors: Dorado M. , Astini E. , Tablada M. , Bolatti M.
Published: May 2024

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the quality of wood of three species of pines on the basis of their specific gravity and their ovendried and saturated densities. The species studied were Pinus taeda, P. elliottii and P. pinaster, from samples of the Río de los Sauces region (Córdoba, Argentina). The method used was the immersion method according to the Achimedes principle. The results showed that P. taeda had the lowest value (statistically significant, α=0.05) in their specific gravity whereas P. elliottii and P. pinaster did not differ. No statistically significant differences were found between the ovendried and saturated densities in any of the species. These results show that the techonological value of the wood of these three species in the Río de los Sauces region is lower than those of the same speceis in their native region.
Analyse of yield models for Populus x euramericana in the Duero basin
Authors: Bravo F. , Grau J. M. , Gonzalez Antoñanzas F.
Published: May 2024

With data from a experience on cultural treatments in stands of Populus x euramericana (Dode) Guinier "Campeador" (8 x 5 m planted), a yield and growth model for the Duero basin (Northern Spain) has been developed. In order to select the best model, the determination coefficient, variance coefficient and biological consistence of predictions have been employed. The model selected has been the Clutter-Schumacher model, modified because of the high correlation between density and age in this stand type. This model has been validated from data of Populus x euramericana (Dode) Guinier "I-214" (6 x 6 m planted).
Models for the prediction of cork production in cork oak stands
Authors: Montero G. , Torres E. , Cañellas I. , Ortega C.
Published: May 2024

In this paper we describe several models for the prediction of cork production by tree and superficie. Cork production by tree aws predicted with a lineal model without independent coefficient in function of breast height girth by bark stripping length, how one only variable. Cork production by superficie was determined with a model that considers the site and silvicultural treatments. We show the way to use these models in the cork production inventories of cork oak stands.
Study of the growth stresses of E. globulus Labill in Galicia (Spain) and the relations with the habitat characteristics and tree morphology
Authors: Vignote S. , Molinero I. , Gerard J. , Diez M. R.
Published: May 2024

There have study of 160 trees of eucaliptus into six plots in Galicia country the peripheral growth stresses and is to establish the relationship between plots characteristics habitat and tree morphology in order to find what habitat and what trees could have available for solid wood.
Nutrients, buffer capacity, iminoacids and phenolic compounds as chemical parameters to indicate fire damages in Pinus pinaster trees
Authors: Alonso M. , Rozados M. J. , Vega J. A. , Bara S. , Cuiñas P.
Published: May 2024

Changes in the level of some chemical parameters are researched in needles, juvenile needles and roots of P. pinaster trees caused by fire impact of three fire front linear intensities: 146 Kw.m-1 (QII), 357 (QI), and 423 (QIII) Kw.m-1, in Pontevedra, Galicia, NW of Spain. The most important variations are observed in needles. The free protocatechuic acid is a very sensitive parameter; it decreases to 48 p. 100 in QII, 40 p. 100 in QI and 68 p. 100 in QIII in relation to the control plot. Other good indicator is the free p-hidroxybenzoic acid, that falls in QII andQI to 61 p. 100 and 78 p. 100 respectively, and increases to 96% in the most intensity burned plot, QIII. The phosphorus level decreases in QII and QIII a 26 and 47 p. 100 respectively. The highest intensity fire (QIII) induces changes in a lot of parameters, other different from those in needles. The values of potassium, zinc and buffer capacity decrease and the values of calcium, copper, iron, astringency, total polyphenols, condensed tannins, free L-proline, free gallic acid, esterified protocatechuic and syringic acid increase. In roots, zinc is a good indicator. It descends in all cases researched. The level of total polyphenols falls in QII and QIII and free protocatechuic acid increases in QIII. In juvenile needles, except buffer capacity that decreases in QIII, we do not observe significative changes in other parameters.
A comparison between the most important forest spatial pattern indexes
Authors: Condes S. , Martinez Millan J.
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a review of the most important spatial distribution of trees indexes is presented: Fisher, Hopkins y Skellam, Byth y Ripley, Batcheler, Clark y Evans, Holgate N, y Holgate F. Tree plots with different patterns: regular, random and clustered have been simulated. For each plot the spatial distribution indexes are calculated. In order to estimate the index capacity for discriminating different patterns three fraquency curves are represented for each index: (regular, random and clustered). The overlap area between two curves is used as a measure of the index ability for discriminating the correspondent patterns. According to these overlap areas we conclude that the Byth, Ripley index is the most adequate for the discrimination of tree patterns.
Behaviour of Pinus pinea plants in nursery and field: Trials of plant production, fertilisation and herbicides
Authors: Cañellas I. , Finat L. , Bachiller A. , Montero G.
Published: May 2024

Results of three trials to improve the success in reforestation in agricultural lands with Pinus pinea plants are shown: plant technic production in nursery and field, mineral fertilisation and herbicide trials. The trial of plant quality (class and size of pot, fertilise rates and density of plant production) did not affect the survival of seedlings in nursery, but did in growth ones. In the biggest pots and with the biggest fertilise rates were obtain more growth of the plants (shoot and root height growth and dry matter weight). The results of the lost plant percentage in field are independent of the quality plant used, but bigger growth and better development are maintained in better quality plants before reforestation. In the trial of mineral fertilisation in field did not find significatives differences in the lost plants number for the two next years. The best results in height growth was obtain with Agroblen fertilise, and in second place with Agriform one. In the trial of herbicide used in reforestation did not find significatives differences in the lost plant number for the different kind and rates of herbicides. The herbaceous vegetation was controlled better by Hexacinona herbicide, even with the smaller rates (250 g/ha). The best height growth was obtained in the plant where was applied Velpar herbicide with rate from 500 to 350 g/ha.
Site phytoclimatic aptitude for Pinus pinaster Ait., Pinus nigra Arn. y Pinus sylvestris L.
Authors: Grau Corbí J. M. , Cámara Obregón A. , Montoto Quinteiro J. L.
Published: May 2024

The phytoclimatic aptitude model, the climatic assesment of the suitable of taxa for specific places, developped by Allué (1997), has been used to study the sites phytoclimatic aptitude for Pinus pinaster Ait., Pinus nigra Arn. y Pinus sylvestris L., in Spain. The special interest of this paper has been taken in applying the results of the aptitude spectra of these three species to Covarrubias (Burgos) plots, planted with the species mentioned in 1931.
Behaviour of hybrid chestnut rootstocks resistant to the ink disease in chestnut growing areas in Galicia
Authors: Pereira-Lorenzo S. , Fernández-López J. , Varela Arias I. , Sau F.
Published: May 2024

Since 1987 some hybrid clones resistant to the ink disease were evaluated as rootstocks with the local cultivars in different sites of Galicia where it is normal to use grafted plants. After the first results published in 1990, in this work it is presented the behaviour of four hybrid clones after 11 years of grafting. In general, compatibility can be considered excellent and a good adaptation to Galician chestnut orchards, according to: 1) a perfect join between rootstock and cultivar; 2) an harmonious development of rootstock and cultivar; 3) a right aerial growth. Percentage of death plants has been high in every orchard (over 20 %). Grafting in nursery produce more regularity in orchards, because grafting in field it is more risky, but after callus formation, the growth it is very strong.
Relationship between gas exchange parameters and first symptoms of Ulmus minor Mill. to Dutch elm disease
Authors: Solla A. , Burón M. , Gil L.
Published: May 2024

Research has been carried out into the identification of easily measured anatomical or physiological parameters that are related to resistance, with the aim of screening elms resistant to Dutch elm disease. Given that the factors which encourage diffusion of this disease in elms also lead to an increase in symptoms, it is hypothesised that estomatic conductance (gs) and specific leaf hydraulic conductivity (CH) could be related to susceptibility. These parameters were determined in 75 U. minor seedlings, aged 7, 6, 3 and 2 years old (n . 15), which were subsequently inoculated with the Dutch elm disease fungus. In plants of 7, 6, and 3 years a positive relationship was observed between gs at 14 hours, and the amount of wilting shown after 15 days (r2 > 0,40; P * 0,01). This relationship was shown weaker with the amount of wilting after 60 days in 7 and 6 year old plants, whilst in 3 year old plants it became nonsignificant. Similar results were obtained between CH and the amount of wilting after 15 days in elms of 6 and 7 years. It is thought that the relationships observed occured because a greater gas exchange favours the colonisation or diffusion of the pathogen within the tree. The fact that neither gs nor CH showed relationships with susceptibility in two year old plants makes it inadvisable to use these parameters for the early screening of resistant U. minor trees.
Different site quality in a plantation of Populus deltoides cv Catfish 2 located in the low delta of the Parana River (Argentina)
Authors: Casaubon E. A. , Gurini L. B. , Cueto G. R.
Published: May 2024

In this work we studied the quality of forest site in a 12 years olds commercial plantation of Populus deltoides cv catfish 2, located in Paraná delta’s lowlands surrounded and protected by dams, using direct and indirect methods. In direct method we considered the mean dominant height through the development of height - age curves in which the site index was calculated as the dominant height to an age of 9 years old considered as base age. The Logistic model presented the best fit. The selected function sowed the following values: Dominant height = SI*(1+exp(2.78–0.504*9))/(1+exp(2.78–0.504*age). We studied the vegetation in relation to the height of dominant trees and the soil as indirect method. The greatest productivity (519 m3/ha), basal area (44 m2/ha), and height of dominant tree (30,10 m) were detected in high lands with high phosphorus contest in superficial stratum. The lowest productivity (79,2 m3/ha), basal area (9 m2/ha) and height of dominant trees (23,45 m) were detected in low relief lands, characterised by low assimilable phosphorus contest in superficial stratum. We registered a great number of fallen down trees by the wind during the vegetative period in low lands where it was carried out a bad water management. According to the results obtained from multivariate analysis (DCA) of vegetation we could identify vegetation species as indicators of site quality.
Effect of provenance on the survival of Pinus canariensis Sm. seedlings in arid conditions
Authors: Climent J. M. , Gil L. , Pérez E. , Pardos J. A.
Published: May 2024

Survival and height growth of two-year seedlings of Canary Islands pine (Pinus canariensis Sm.) were evaluated in a field trial, eight months after plantation. The trial was located at Betancuria (Fuerteventura island, Canary archipelago), under extremely arid conditions. Plants were rised from seeds collected at nine natural stands of the species, selected by their climatic traits. Correlation between mean survival rate and mean annual rainfall at the population level was –0.93. Population was not significant on survival, but a significant effect was found after grouping populations into two climatic groups, xeric and mesic. The survival rate of the xeric group (annual rainfall ranging from 300 to 450 mm) was 60 %, higher than that of the mesic group (500-600 mm), which attained 45 %. No significant relationship was observed between plant height and survival.
Stand-level yield model for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in north-east Spain
Authors: Palahi M. , Miina J. , Tomé M. , Montero G.
Published: May 2024

Simultaneous stand-level growth and yield models for Pinus sylvestris in north-east Spain were developed based on 21 permanent sample plots established in 1964 by the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias (INIA). The plots ranged in site index from 13 to 26 m (dominant height at 100 years), and were measured an average of 5 times. The estimation data consisted of 79 growth periods of stands ranging in age from 36 to 132 years. Non-linear three-stage least squares method was used to simultaneously fit prediction and projection equations for stand basal area, volume and stand density. An existing model for dominant height growth fitted with the same estimation data was used to project dominant height. The models were evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively. Correlation among error components of the prediction equations for basal area and volume as well as the projection equations for number of trees per hectare and volume were strong and significant. The mean biases for basal area, volume and number of trees per hectare predictions were positive. The presented system of models can serve for forest-level management planning as a simple yield prediction system that requires only stand level input data.
Influence of the competition on the section growth in Pinus radiata D. Don
Authors: Álvarez Taboada M. F. , Barrio Anta M. , Gorgoso Varela J. , Álvarez González J. G.
Published: May 2024

The objective of this work is to analyse the influence that competition has on the section growth of single trees of Pinus radiata. Thirty plots distributed along the Lugo Province were measured. The influence of the competition was studied on 3 trees per plot, which represent the dominant, intermediate and dominated tree layers. The competitor trees were selected by different selection criteria. Fourteen different competition indexes were studied: nine of them depend on the distance among trees and the other five do not depend on it. These indexes have been matched with nine different selection methods of competitor trees and all of them have been compared using the approach of two growth models in normal section, one potential and the other one exponential.
Spatial variability of soils under a slash-burn cultivation system in Amazonas-Venezuela
Authors: Hernández A. , Lugo L. , Mora Garcés A. , Sánchez J. , Arends E.
Published: May 2024

This paper analyzes, by geostatistical methods, the spatial variability in soil properties between two contrasting soils: under a recently slashed and burned cultivation system and another one 12- year old secondary forest after slash-burn. The soils are located in a Piaroa Community, Sipapo Forestry Reserve, State of Amazonas-Venezuela. In each field was settled a plot of 20 × 20 m and soil samples were taken approximately 5 m apart from each other with a depth from 0 to 20 cm. The data were located spatially in X-Y coordinates for semivariography and mapping by Kriging. The soil of the area was classified as Cambisol Dístrico (Typic Dystrustep), characterized by a low natural fertility, evidenced through high acidity, low content of organic matter, and very low of calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium and phosphorus, and high content of aluminium. It was demonstrated that the burning affects the spatial variability of the soils attributes analyzed in this investigation, that is to say, somehow favors the space continuity at nearer distances, while in soils that have remained in rest during a certain time, succession on vegetation promotes a bigger diversity of values (different microhabitats) at nearer distances.
Above ground tree biomass and accumulation of nutrients in Pinus radiata plantations from northern Spain
Authors: Merino A. , Rey C. , Brañas J. , Rodríguez-Soalleiro R.
Published: May 2024

In this work the amount of nutrients accumulated in the above ground biomass of nine representative Pinus radiata plantations from NW Spain were studied. From the data of 54 trees, models to estimate the mass of the different tree fractions were developed. The logging residues accumulate the most part of N (60%), as well as substantial amounts of P, K, Ca and Mg (36 to 47%). The accumulations in tree biomass of P, Mg, K and, in some cases, Ca are considerably higher than the available amounts in the soil. The data confirm that the frequent deficiencies of these elements in this type of forest plantations are due to the low nutrient storage in the soils. They also suggest that the nutritional stability of these systems is dependent on the nutrient supply by the decomposition of logging residues. These results, along with those of previous studies, show the need to carry out an appropriate management of logging residues, as well as fertilisation programmes to compensate the nutrient extractions by the clear cutting, especially if whole-tree harvesting is carried out.
Molecular analysis of evolutionary changes in populations of Ophiostma novo-ulmi
Authors: Brasier C. , Buck K. , Paoletti M. , Crawford L. , Kirk S.
Published: May 2024

The spread of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi across Europe, North America and central Asia, resulted in the current, highly destructive Dutch elm disease (DED) pandemic, replacing O. ulmi, responsible for the first DED pandemic in the early 1900s. This process has resulted in a series of remarkable evolutionary and adaptive developments. Studies of O. novo- ulmi populations in the 1980s, especially in Spain and Portugal, showed the following: 1) that O. novo-ulmi initially spread across Europe as a series of genetic clones; 2) that deleterious RNA viruses were transmitted within the O. novo-ulmi clones; 3) that natural hybrids between O. novo-ulmi subspecies americana and subsp. novo-ulmi, emerged widely across Europe; 4) that there has also been a widespread emergence, across Europe, of natural hybrids between O. novo-ulmi subspecies americana and also subsp. novo-ulmi. The factors driving these changes have been examined by molecular analysis. Results show: 1) that the rapid change from clonality to genetic variability involved the acquisition of ‘useful’ mating type, vegetative compatibility type and other genes by O. novo-ulmi from O. ulmi via lateral (or interspecies) gene transfer; whereas ‘unuseful’ O. ulmi genes were discarded; 2) that the RNA viruses occurring in the O. novo-ulmi populations probably originated from O. ulmi; and 3) and that where O. novo-ulmi subsp. americana and subsp. novo-ulmi co-exist, natural hybrids are occurring very freely; in some areas most O. novo-ulmi isolates are already complex subspp. americana x novo-ulmi hybrids. These phenomena features are unique, and have considerable implications for the invasion history, successful spread and future behaviour of O. novo-ulmi.
Induced resistance for the control of Dutch elm disease
Authors: Hubbes M.
Published: May 2024

In 1980, our research group at the faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, demonstrated that young elm seedlings (4 years old) acquired resistance against aggressive strains of the Dutch elm disease pathogen (Ophiostoma novo- ulmi) when they were first inoculated with non-aggressive strains (O. ulmi) of the pathogen. This work was repeated in 2000 and 2002 with elm trees between 15 and 20 years of age. These trees were stem inoculated at breast height with O. ulmi and challenged with O. novo- ulmi, imitating the infection process by the European elm bark beetle. In general, the experiments indicated that non-aggressive strains, inoculated into the stem of 15-20-year-old conditioned trees, may produce disease symptoms but trees generally survive. This is in contrast to the unconditioned controls. These experiments further indicate that this type of induced resistance does not confer absolute immunity or protection under all circumstances but reduces considerably the disease severity and protects the tree from super-infection. Work based on induced resistance in elms in our laboratory led to the isolation of a glycoprotein that elicited defense mechanisms in the tree. Determination of the amino acid and DNA sequence of the glycoprotein resulted in the characterization of the elicitor gene. Field experiments on 5-year-old elm seedlings and 10 to 15 year old trees led to the following conclusions: the success of the elicitor treatment in protecting the tree against pathogen attack depends on the genetic constitution of the tree, its health and on environmental conditions.