bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimising the Hα index for the identification of activity signals in FGK stars
Authors: Gomes da Silva J. , Bensabat A. , Monteiro T. , Santos N. C.
Published: November 2022

Context. The Ca II H&K and Hα lines are two of the most used activity diagnostics for detecting stellar activity signals in the optical regime, and for inferring possible false positives in exoplanet detection with the radial velocity method. The flux in the two lines is known to follow the solar activity cycle, and to correlate well with sunspot number and other activity diagnostics. However, for other stars, the flux in these lines is known to have a wide range of correlations, increasing the difficulty in the interpretation of the signals observed with the Hα line.

Aims. In this work we investigate the effect of the Hα bandpass width on the correlation between the Ca II and Hα indices with the aim of improving the Hα index to better identify and model the signals coming from activity variability.

Methods. We used a sample of 152 FGK dwarfs observed with HARPS for more than 13 yr with enough cadence to be able to detect rotational modulations and cycles in activity proxies. We calculated the Ca II and Hα activity indices using a range of bandwidths for Hα between 0.1 and 2.0 Å. We studied the correlation between the indices’ time series at long and short timescales, and analysed the impact of stellar parameters, activity level, and variability on the correlations.

Results. The correlation between Ca II and Hα, both at short and long timespans, is maximised when using narrow Hα bandwidths, with a maximum at 0.6 Å. For some inactive stars, as the activity level increases, the flux in the Hα line core increases, while the flux in the line wings decreases as the line becomes shallower and broader. The balance between these fluxes can cause stars to show the negative correlations observed in the literature when using a wide bandwidth on Hα. These anti-correlations may become positive correlations if using the 0.6 Å bandwidth. We demonstrate that rotationally modulated signals observed in SCa II, which appear flat or noisy when using 1.6 Å on SHα, can become more evident if a 0.6 Å bandpass is used instead. Low activity variability appears to be a contributing factor for the cases of weak or no correlations.

Conclusions. Calculating the Hα index using a bandpass of 0.6 Å maximises the correlation between Ca II and Hα, both at short and long timescales. On the other hand, the use of the broader 1.6 Å, generally used in exoplanet detection to identify stellar activity signals, degrades the signal by including the flux in the line wings. In view of these results, we strongly recommend the use of a 0.6 Å bandwidth when computing the Hα index for the identification of activity rotational modulation and magnetic cycle signals in solar-type stars.
Suppressing variance in 21 cm signal simulations during reionization
Authors: Giri Sambit K. , Schneider Aurel , Maion Francisco , Angulo Raul E.
Published: November 2022

Current best limits on the 21 cm signal during reionization are provided at large scales (≳100 Mpc). To model these scales, enormous simulation volumes are required, which are computationally expensive. We find that the primary source of uncertainty at these large scales is sample variance, which determines the minimum size of simulations required to analyse current and upcoming observations. In large-scale structure simulations, the method of ‘fixing’ the initial conditions (ICs) to exactly follow the initial power spectrum and ‘pairing’ two simulations with exactly out-of-phase ICs has been shown to significantly reduce sample variance. Here we apply this ‘fixing and pairing’ (F&P) approach to reionization simulations whose clustering signal originates from both density fluctuations and reionization bubbles. Using a semi-numerical code, we show that with the traditional method, simulation boxes of L ≃ 500 (300) Mpc are required to model the large-scale clustering signal at k = 0.1 Mpc−1 with a precision of 5 (10)%. Using F&P, the simulation boxes can be reduced by a factor of 2 to obtain the same precision level. We conclude that the computing costs can be reduced by at least a factor of 4 when using the F&P approach.
A hyper-heuristic for distributed parallel machine scheduling with machine-dependent processing and sequence-dependent setup times
Authors: Behnamian Javad , Asgari Hamed
Published: November 2022

Today, because the market is scattered around the world, manufacturing activities are not limited to a single location and have spread globally. As a result, the discussion of scheduling the factory has changed from a classic single to a network scheduling as a need in the real world. In this regard, this study considers the scheduling of multiple factories by taking into account the job transportation time between factories. The main problem here is that each job would be assigned to which factory and machine. In this research, unrelated parallel machines are considered in which the processing time of jobs depends on the machine and setup time. To minimize the makespan, first, a mixed-integer linear model was proposed in which two types of modeling have been combined. Then, a hyper-heuristic algorithm (HHA) was designed to solve the problem in a reasonable time by choosing the best method among four low-level heuristic methods that are precisely designed according to the properties of the problem. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm has been compared with the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) by conducting experiments. The results show that the proposed algorithm performs very well compared to the ICA and, in more than 75% of the test problems, the proposed algorithm was superior. Also, based on the analysis, in comparing the proposed algorithm with the ICA, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the results, and in all cases, the HHA was remarkably better. Considering the challenges and rapid changes of today’s market that traditional centralized production planning does not have enough flexibility to respond to them, the results of this research are expected to be useful and attractive for planners in this field.
Pricing rainbow option for uncertain financial market
Authors: Gao Rong , Wu Xiaoli
Published: November 2022

Rainbow option refers to the option whose payoff depends on at least two underlying risky assets, which is justifiably one of the most significant tool to hedge risk brought by the uncertainty from financial market. Hence, option pricing problem is always an issue with great attention. In this paper, we assume that the multiple dynamic stock prices obey uncertain differential equations without sharing dividends in the framework of uncertainty theory. Then we discuss the rainbow option pricing problem for multiple stocks in a financial market with uncertain information, give the concepts and derive pricing formulas for five scenarios including maximum call, minimum call, maximum put, minimum put, and put on 2 and call on 1. Moreover, some corresponding examples are respectively taken to illustrate the pricing formulas in five cases.
A novel through-the-scope helix tack-and-suture device for mucosal defect closure following colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: a multicenter study
Authors: Farha Jad , Ramberan Hemchand , Aihara Hiroyuki , Zhang Linda Y. , Mehta Amit , Hage Camille , Schlachterman Alexander , Kumar Anand , Shinn Brianna , Canakis Andrew , Kim Raymond E. , DʼSouza Lionel S. , Buscaglia Jonathan M. , Storm Andrew C. , Samarasena Jason , Chang Kenneth , Friedland Shai , Draganov Peter V. , Qumseya Bashar J. , Jawaid Salmaan , Othman Mohamed O. , Hasan Muhammad K. , Yang Dennis , Khashab Mouen A. , Ngamruengphong Saowanee ,   ESD-Closure working group
Published: November 2022

Background Complete closure of large mucosal defects following colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with through-the-scope (TTS) clips is oftentimes not possible. We aimed to report our early experience of using a novel TTS suturing system for the closure of large mucosal defects after colorectal ESD.

Methods We performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent attempted prophylactic defect closure using the TTS suturing system after colorectal ESD. The primary outcome was technical success in achieving complete defect closure, defined as a < 5 mm residual mucosal defect in the closure line using TTS suturing, with or without adjuvant TTS clips.

Results 82 patients with a median defect size of 30 (interquartile range 25–40) mm were included. Technical success was achieved in 92.7 % (n = 76): TTS suturing only in 44 patients (53.7 %) and a combination of TTS suturing to approximate the widest segment followed by complete closure with TTS clips in 32 (39.0 %). Incomplete/partial closure, failure of appropriate TTS suture deployment, and the need for over-the-scope salvage closure methods were observed in 7.3 % (n = 6). One intraprocedural bleed, one delayed bleed, and three intraprocedural perforations were observed. There were no adverse events related to placement of the TTS suture.

Conclusion The TTS suture system is an effective and safe tool for the closure of large mucosal defects after colorectal ESD and is an alternative when complete closure with TTS clips alone is not possible.
Chelation-Assisted Rhodium-Catalyzed Alkylation of a 1-Arylpyrazole C–H Bond with Cyclopropanols
Authors: Anbarasan Pazhamalai , Ramachandran Kuppan
Published: November 2022

A general and efficient rhodium-catalyzed ortho-alkylation of N-arylpyrazoles has been accomplished with cyclopropanols as coupling partners. The reaction involves cleavage of both a C–H bond of the arene and a C–C bond of the cyclopropanol, and it offers access to a diversity of substituted 1-(ortho-alkylaryl)-1H-pyrazoles in good to excellent yields. In addition, nonsymmetrical dialkylation and a preliminary mechanistic investigation are also discussed.
A probe-based nanometric morphology measurement system using intermittent-contact mode
Authors: Wang Jiqiang , Yan Yongda , Wang Shaowen , Shi Wenbo , Geng Yanquan
Published: November 2022

In the present study, a homemade probe-based nanometric morphology measurement system is proposed, which can be easily integrated with other probes, such as a diamond probe and an electrochemical electrode. In this system, an intermittent-contact mode is adopted, which is based on a set of micro-force servo modules. The micro-force serve module is mainly composed of a piezoelectric ceramic transducer, a capacitive displacement sensor, an excitation piezoelectric ceramic ring, and a four-beam spring. The four-beam spring integrated with a diamond probe is driven by the excitation piezoelectric ceramic ring. The mechanical structure and the control system of the measurement system are also designed. The vibration amplitude and the resolution of a normal load are calibrated during the engagement process under open-loop control. Moreover, the optimal values for parameters P, I, and D are obtained for the closed-loop measurement. The performance of the developed system is verified by measuring a standard sample. The measured depths agree well with the results obtained by commercial atomic force microscopy. The developed system can be used to measure nanostructures with high precision.
Ultra-compact x-ray spectrometer for high-repetition-rate laser–plasma experiments
Authors: Zeraouli G. , Mariscal D. , Grace E. , Scott G. G. , Swanson K. K. , Simpson R. , Djordjevic B. Z. , Nedbailo R. , Song H. , Morrison J. , Park J. , Hollinger R. , Wang S. , Rocca J. J. , Ma T.
Published: November 2022

We present in this work the development of an ultra-compact, multi-channel x-ray spectrometer (UCXS). This diagnostic has been specially built and adapted to perform at high-repetition-rate (>1 Hz) for high-intensity, short-pulse laser plasma experiments. X-ray filters of varying materials and thicknesses are chosen to provide spectral resolution up to ΔE ≈ 1 keV over the x-ray energy range of 1–30 keV. These filters are distributed over a total of 25 channels, where each x-ray filter is coupled to a single scintillator. The UCXS is designed to detect and resolve a large variety of laser-driven x-ray sources such as low energy bremsstrahlung emission, fluorescence, and betatron radiation (up to 30 keV). Preliminary results from commissioning experiments at the ABL laser facility at Colorado State University are provided.
Morphology and chemical state of platinum ions implanted into glassy carbon substrates
Authors: Kimata Tetsuya , Kato Sho , Kobayashi Tomohiro , Yamamoto Shunya , Yamaki Tetsuya , Terai Takayuki
Published: November 2022

Glassy carbon substrates were implanted with 100 keV platinum ions. The implanted samples were analyzed using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Ion beam sputtering significantly affected the depth profile during platinum-ion implantation. Cross-sectional TEM revealed that the implanted platinum atoms were in the amorphous state and did not aggregate. Chemical state analysis of the platinum-ion-implanted glassy carbon substrates suggested that lattice defects in the substrates owing to the platinum-ion implantation caused the platinum–carbon interaction with electron transfer from platinum to carbon.
A large-format streak tube for compressed ultrafast photography
Authors: Li Hang , Xue Yanhua , Tian Jinshou , Li Shaohui , Wang Junfeng , Chen Ping , Tian Liping , He Jianping , Zhang Minrui , Liu Baiyu , Gou Yongsheng , Xu Xiangyan , Li Yahui , Xin Liwei
Published: November 2022

Streak cameras are powerful imaging instruments for studying ultrafast dynamics with the temporal resolution ranging from picosecond to attosecond. However, the confined detection area limits the information capacity of streak cameras, preventing them from fulfilling their potential in lidar, compressed ultrafast photography, etc. Here, we designed and manufactured a large-format streak tube with a large-size round-aperture gate, a spherical cathode, and a spherical screen, leading to an expanded detection area and a high spatial resolution. The simulation results show that the physical temporal resolution of the streak tube is better than 45 ps and the spatial resolutions are higher than 14 lp/mm in the whole area of 24 × 28 mm2 on the cathode. The experiments demonstrate the streak tube’s application potential in weak light imaging benefiting from the imaging magnification of 0.79, a photocathode radiance sensitivity of 37 mA/W, a radiant emitting gain of 11.6 at the wavelength of 500 nm, and a dynamic range higher than 512:1. Most importantly, in the photocathode area of Φ35 mm, the static spatial resolutions at the center and the edge along the slit (R = 16 mm) reach 32 and 28 lp/mm, respectively, and are higher than 10 lp/mm in the whole area of 24 × 28 mm2 on the cathode, allowing for a considerable capacity for spatial information.
Growth-microstructure-thermal property relations in AlN thin films
Authors: Song Yiwen , Zhang Chi , Lundh James Spencer , Huang Hsien-Lien , Zheng Yue , Zhang Yingying , Park Mingyo , Mirabito Timothy , Beaucejour Rossiny , Chae Chris , McIlwaine Nathaniel , Esteves Giovanni , Beechem Thomas E. , Moe Craig , Dargis Rytis , Jones Jeremy , Leach Jacob H. , Lavelle Robert M. , Snyder David W. , Maria Jon-Paul , Olsson Roy H. , Redwing Joan M. , Ansari Azadeh , Hwang Jinwoo , Wang Xiaojia , Foley Brian M. , Trolier-McKinstry Susan E. , Choi Sukwon
Published: November 2022

AlN thin films are enabling significant progress in modern optoelectronics, power electronics, and microelectromechanical systems. The various AlN growth methods and conditions lead to different film microstructures. In this report, phonon scattering mechanisms that impact the cross-plane (κz; along the c-axis) and in-plane (κr; parallel to the c-plane) thermal conductivities of AlN thin films prepared by various synthesis techniques are investigated. In contrast to bulk single crystal AlN with an isotropic thermal conductivity of ∼330 W/m K, a strong anisotropy in the thermal conductivity is observed in the thin films. The κz shows a strong film thickness dependence due to phonon-boundary scattering. Electron microscopy reveals the presence of grain boundaries and dislocations that limit the κr. For instance, oriented films prepared by reactive sputtering possess lateral crystalline grain sizes ranging from 20 to 40 nm that significantly lower the κr to ∼30 W/m K. Simulation results suggest that the self-heating in AlN film bulk acoustic resonators can significantly impact the power handling capability of RF filters. A device employing an oriented film as the active piezoelectric layer shows an ∼2.5× higher device peak temperature as compared to a device based on an epitaxial film.
A study of the acoustic effect inside cylindrical bubble produced by underwater electrical discharge
Authors: Yu Y. Q. , Zong Z. , Wen X. Q.
Published: November 2022

The evolution of a cylindrical gaseous bubble produced by an underwater electrical discharge is considered in the present study. Both the gas flow inside and the water flow around the bubble are theoretically analyzed in a cylindrical coordinate system. By using the potential flow theory and multiple scale expansion method, governing equations of both flows and the bubble surface are formulated. The radial oscillation of the bubble surface is composed of a slow-changing equilibrium part and a fast-changing displacement. The former corresponds to a quiescent water domain and a uniform gas column, and the latter corresponds to acoustic waves in gas and water flows. The axial gas wave can evolve into a stable standing wave if the bubble length is multiples of half a wavelength. The internal acoustic standing wave then causes a synchronous small-amplitude oscillation of the bubble surface when the frequency of the acoustic wave is close to the natural frequency of the bubble surface. An underwater discharge experiment is implemented to validate our theory. Finally, a novel method to estimate the plasma pressure is proposed based on our theory.
Probing drift velocity dispersion in MAPbI3 photovoltaic cells with nonlinear photocurrent spectroscopy
Authors: Ouyang Zhenyu , Yan Liang , You Wei , Moran Andrew M.
Published: November 2022

Conventional time-of-flight (TOF) measurements yield charge carrier mobilities in photovoltaic cells with time resolution limited by the RC time constant of the device, which is on the order of 0.1–1 µs for the systems targeted in the present work. We have recently developed an alternate TOF method, termed nonlinear photocurrent spectroscopy (NLPC), in which carrier drift velocities are determined with picosecond time resolution by applying a pair of laser pulses to a device with an experimentally controlled delay time. In this technique, carriers photoexcited by the first laser pulse are “probed” by way of recombination processes involving carriers associated with the second laser pulse. Here, we report NLPC measurements conducted with a simplified experimental apparatus in which synchronized 40 ps diode lasers enable delay times up to 100 µs at 5 kHz repetition rates. Carrier mobilities of ∼0.025 cm2/V/s are determined for MAPbI3 photovoltaic cells with active layer thicknesses of 240 and 460 nm using this instrument. Our experiments and model calculations suggest that the nonlinear response of the photocurrent weakens as the carrier densities photoexcited by the first laser pulse trap and broaden while traversing the active layer of a device. Based on this aspect of the signal generation mechanism, experiments conducted with co-propagating and counter-propagating laser beam geometries are leveraged to determine a 60 nm length scale of drift velocity dispersion in MAPbI3 films. Contributions from localized states induced by thermal fluctuations are consistent with drift velocity dispersion on this length scale.
Orientation effects on near-field radiative heat transfer between complex-shaped dielectric particles
Authors: Walter Lindsay P. , Francoeur Mathieu
Published: November 2022

The effect of orientation on near-field radiative heat transfer between two complex-shaped superellipsoid particles of SiO2 is presented. The particles under study are 50 nm in radius and of variable concavity. Orientation is characterized by the degree of rotational symmetry in the two-particle systems, and the radiative conductance is calculated using the discrete system Green's function approach to account for all electromagnetic interactions. The results reveal that the total conductance in some orientations can be up to twice that of other orientations when particles are at a center-of-mass separation distance of 110 nm. Orientation effects are not significantly correlated with system rotational symmetries but are strongly correlated with the minimum vacuum gap distance between particles. As such, orientation effects on near-field radiative heat transfer are a consequence of particle topology, with more extreme topologies leading to a continuation of orientation effects at larger particle center-of-mass separation distances. The concave superellipsoid particles display significant orientation effects up to a center-of-mass separation distance approximately equal to 3.9 times the particle radius, while the convex superellipsoid particles display significant orientation effects up to a center-of-mass separation distance approximately equal to 3.2 times the particle radius. In contrast to previous anisotropic, spheroidal dipole studies, these results of complex-shaped superellipsoid particles suggest that orientation effects become negligible when heat transfer is a volumetric process for all orientations. This work is essential for understanding radiative transport between particles that have non-regular geometries or that may have geometrical defects or abnormalities.
Excellent tensile properties and deformation mechanisms in a FeCoNi-based medium entropy alloy with dual-heterogeneous structures
Authors: Cheng Wenqiang , Qin Guohao , Yang Muxin , Wang Wei , Yuan Fuping
Published: November 2022

A dual-heterogeneous structure with both heterogeneous grain structure and coherent L12 nano-precipitate was obtained in a (FeCoNi)86Al7Ti7 medium-entropy alloy (MEA) after cold rolling, critical annealing, and aging treatments. The volume fraction of the L12 phase is found to increase from 0% to 34.5% after aging treatment, resulting in severer heterogeneity. The unaged samples of (FeCoNi)86Al7Ti7 MEA are found to have a much better synergy of strength and ductility as compared to the FeCoNi MEA. Moreover, the tensile properties for the aged samples of (FeCoNi)86Al7Ti7 MEA with dual-heterogeneous structures are even better than those for the corresponding unaged samples. The hetero-deformation-induced hardening plays a more important role in the aged samples than in the unaged samples, producing a higher density of geometrically necessary dislocations. High density dislocations are discovered in grain interiors for the aged samples and the deformation is dominated by the planar slip in the unaged samples. Meanwhile, a high density of dislocations are observed inside L12 nano-precipitates; thus, L12 nano-precipitates can be sheared by dislocations, indicating that L12 nano-precipitates are strong but deformable. The strong interactions between dislocations and L12 nano-precipitates should provide additional strain hardening for better tensile properties in the aged samples.
Rainbow trapping and releasing based on the topological photonic crystals and a gradient 1D array
Authors: Liu Jie , Lu Xiaoya , Dai Xiaoyu , Xiang Yuanjiang
Published: November 2022

Topological photonic crystal provides a platform for robust energy transport in photonic systems. In this letter, we propose a method for realizing rainbow trapping and releasing based on the topologically protected defect modes in dielectric photonic crystals. The photonic states of different frequencies are separated and trapped at different positions to form the topological rainbow. The all-dielectric planar nanostructures consist of deformed honeycomb lattices and a gradient 1D array, which is distinct from previous platforms where edge states appear at the interface between trivial and nontrivial crystals. Due to the simplification of the configuration, we can selectively control the stop position of the wave by modifying the bottom row of dielectric rods so that light can switch between the trapping state and releasing state. The robustness of the slowing light system is also investigated. These results are beneficial to multiple frequency tuning. The simplified structure could offer a novel method for micro-miniaturizing and applying optical communication equipment, such as optical storage and optical buffer.
Multicomponent mutual diffusion in the warm, dense matter regime
Authors: Ticknor C. , Meyer E. R. , White A. J. , Kress J. D. , Collins L. A.
Published: November 2022

We present a study in the warm, dense matter regime of transport properties for a ternary mixture of the isotopes of hydrogen at 5 g/cm3 at temperatures between 50 and 400 eV as well as for a quaternary system with added carbon at 20 g/cm3 and 10 eV. We determine the properties from a series of orbital-free molecular dynamics simulations and calculate the diffusion coefficients in the Maxwell–Stefan (MS) formulation. The Darken approximation, which includes only time correlations between the same atom of the same species, gives reasonable agreement with the full MS results. However, we find that the reasons for this concurrence rest with more complex, and somewhat subtle, details within the MS prescription.
Infrared nBn detectors monolithically integrated with metasurface-based optical concentrators
Authors: Wenger Tobias , Muller Richard , Hill Cory J. , Fisher Anita , Ting David Z. , Wilson Daniel , Gunapala Sarath D. , Soibel Alexander
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate InAsSb-based infrared photodetectors monolithically integrated with metasurface lenses (metalenses) that act as optical concentrators. The metalenses are fabricated on the backside of a gallium antimonide substrate, and the photodetectors are fabricated on the frontside of the same substrate. The metalenses enhance the detector responsivity up to 10-fold and detectors retain the same detectivity at temperatures up to 40 K higher. Detectors integrated with metalenses exhibit detectivities greater than D*=1010 cmHz/W at λ=3.75 μm up to room temperature. Our metasurface-based optical concentrators are based on circular subwavelength nanoposts, which renders their performance polarization independent.
Non-classical critical precipitates in a nucleation and growth regime: Reconciliation of simulation and experiment
Authors: Lunéville L. , Garcia P. , Tissot O. , Simeone D.
Published: November 2022

In this study, we have derived a method which consists in setting up and solving an original dynamics that provides critical precipitate characteristics, thus circumventing the theoretical difficulties encountered when modeling nucleation phenomena. Our model constitutes a substantial advance in this field as it enables critical nuclei characteristics to be determined irrespective of the energy barriers associated with the metastable state. Furthermore, the method is entirely consistent with the phase field approach, and in that respect, can be viewed as extending its applicability beyond the coarsening stage alone. The theoretical and numerical developments presented are assessed against original data obtained on an Fe-Cr alloy, used as a model system for studying nucleation and growth in the context of first order phase transitions.
Large-eddy simulation of unstable non-reactive flow in a swirler combustor
Authors: Meng Nan , Li Feng
Published: November 2022

A comprehensive study on the influence of the unsteady non-reactive flow characteristics of turbulent flow in a three-stage swirl combustion chamber using power spectral density methods was conducted using large eddy simulations. The results demonstrated that instabilities were observed owing to large-scale vortex structures and periodic oscillations of the non-reactive flow. The boundary of the central recirculation zone (shear layers) enhanced the instability of the Helmholtz mode in the combustor. By considering the power spectral density of different monitoring points, the instability characteristics were accurately determined according to the oscillatory energy obtained in the non-reactive flow field. Large-scale vortex structures and periodic oscillations were the main reasons for the unsteady characteristics of the non-reactive flow field. The large eddy simulation results were compared with the experimental data, and the average absolute relative deviation between the large eddy simulation and experimental velocity components in the combustor were less than 12.04%. The results provide valuable insights into the unstable non-reaction flow characteristics in the combustion chamber.
Dynamically controllable plasmonic tweezers using C-shaped nano-engravings
Authors: Zaman Mohammad Asif , Hesselink Lambertus
Published: November 2022

A near-field optical trapping scheme using plasmonic C-shaped nano-engraving is presented. Utilizing the polarization sensitivity of the C-structure, a mechanism is proposed for dynamically controlling the electric field, the associated trapping force, and the plasmonic heating. Electromagnetic analysis and particle dynamics simulations are performed to verify the viability of the approach. The designed structure is fabricated and experimentally tested. Polarization control of the excitation light is achieved through the use of a half-wave plate. Experimental results are presented that show the functioning implementation of the dynamically adjustable plasmonic tweezers. The dynamic controllability can allow trapping to be maintained with lower field strengths, which reduces photo-thermal effects. Thus, the probability of thermal damage can be reduced when handling sensitive specimens.
Unconventional magnetoresistive behavior near magnetic compensation temperature in ferrimagnetic Mn2.21Ru0.86Ga films
Authors: Dou Chunyue , Xu Xiaoguang , Yang Ke , Li Chexin , Zhang Tanzhao , Zhu Zhiqiang , Zhao Xiaoyi , Meng Kangkang , Wu Yong , Chen Jikun , Yang Ming , Khovaylo V. V. , Jiang Yong
Published: November 2022

Ferrimagnets with magnetic compensation temperature (Tcomp) around room temperature are desirable due to their potential applications in low-energy consuming and high-frequency spintronic devices. In this study, the Tcomp of ferrimagnetic Mn2.21Ru0.86Ga (MRG) is tuned to near room temperature by strain. Moreover, we observed unconventional magnetoresistance behaviors for MRG-based Hall bar devices near Tcomp. First-principles calculations suggest two kinds of Mn moments, which lead to two anomalous Hall channels with opposite signs and consequently correspond to the peak structure and triple loops of the anomalous Hall effect loops. The unconventional temperature dependence of longitudinal resistivity is caused by the combined effects of two types of Mn moments and the anisotropic magnetoresistance of the MRG film. Interestingly, the spontaneous Hall angle of the MRG film is calculated to be ∼2.2%, which is one order of magnitude larger than those of other 3d ferromagnets. Therefore, our study demonstrates MRG to be a ferrimagnet with the Tcomp near room temperature, which enables its potential applications in spintronic devices.
Thermal radiation and near-field thermal imaging of a plasmonic Su–Schrieffer–Heeger chain
Authors: Herz Florian , Biehs Svend-Age
Published: November 2022

We investigate the direct thermal emission spectrum of a plasmonic Su–Schrieffer–Heeger chain of InSb nanoparticles as well as its far-field emission due to near-field scattering by a sharp tip as it is used in scattering type thermal microscopes. We discuss the measurability of the topological phase transition in such far-field and near-field experiments and highlight the signatures of the topological edge modes. We further discuss the impact of a substrate.
Effect of cavity pressure on shock train behavior and panel aeroelasticity in an isolator
Authors: Liu Weijia , Wu Yan , Li Yingkun , Chen Xiong
Published: November 2022

The flow characteristics of shock train in the isolator play an important role in the overall performance of the scramjet. Although several studies have concentrated on understanding this phenomenon in rigid isolators, few works have focused on methods to control it. The current study proposes a new concept shock train control strategy based on the aeroelastic effect of the flexible panel. An in-house developed code was used to solve the compressible Navier–Stokes equations and the geometric nonlinear equations of the panel, where the conventional serial staggered algorithm was adopted for the two-way fluid–structure interaction. Then, we numerically investigated the effect of cavity pressure on the dynamic behavior of the panel, location, and structure of the shock train, separation zone, and performance of the isolator. The results show that the dynamic response of the panel subjected to the different cavity pressure can be characterized into three states: static stability state, high-frequency second-order limit cycle flutter state, and multi-frequency periodic flutter state. The panel flutter mainly presents an approximately second-mode pattern for the limit cycle flutter state and a first-order vibration mode for the periodic flutter state. With increasing cavity pressure, the average value of shock-train head location moves downstream significantly, while the general trend of separation zone length on top and bottom walls becomes smaller. The flexible panel with the high-frequency second-order limit cycle flutter state can increase the total pressure recovery coefficient with the smaller side load and outlet flow distortion, reduce the averaged separation length, and make the shock-train head move downstream. This is due to the isentropic compression and expansion waves induced by the vibration and deformation of the flexible panel.
Simulation of flow field in silicon single-crystal growth using physics-informed neural network with spatial information
Authors: Shi Shuyan , Liu Ding , Huo Zhiran
Published: November 2022

Melt convection plays a crucial role in the growth of silicon single crystals. In particular, melt flow transfers mass and heat, and it may strongly affect the crystal growth conditions. Understanding and controlling convection remains a significant challenge in industrial crystal production. Currently, numerical methods such as the finite element method and the finite volume method are mainly used to simulate melt convection in the crystal growth process. However, these methods are not suitable for most applications with real-time requirements. Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have the advantages of fast calculation and wide application. They provide a new concept for the numerical solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). This paper proposes a PINN with spatial information to solve the silicon melt flow model, which does not depend on any simulation data. As the network depth (number of layers) increases, the derivative information in the PDE loss becomes weak, which reduces the expression of the original features in the loss function. Therefore, this study introduces spatial information into the hidden layer of the network, thereby enhancing the correlation between the network and the original input and improving the expression ability of the network. Specifically, silicon melt flow models under three rotating conditions are considered. Compared with other methods, the proposed algorithm can accurately capture regions with complex local morphology. The experimental results reveal the flow characteristics of the silicon melt and confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. All codes and data attached to this manuscript are publicly available on the following websites: https://github.com/callmedrcom/SIPINN.
Quantitative and space-resolved in situ 1D EPR imaging for the detection of metallic lithium deposits
Authors: Geng Fushan , Lu Guozhong , Liao Yuxin , Shen Ming , Hu Bingwen
Published: November 2022

The ability to monitor lithium deposition on the anodes in real time is becoming progressively more important due to the development of advanced anode technology. Given the fact that the detrimental Li deposits are always on the micron scale, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) happens to be a very effective and selective detection technology due to the skin effect. Here, quantitative in situ 1D EPR imaging is carried out with a magnetic field gradient to achieve a one-dimensional spatial resolution along the Li growth direction in a capillary cell. The quantification of Li deposits is carefully calibrated using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl standard, and a processing method is presented to correct the double integration of the Dysonian line from the metallic Li. The Li deposition processes are compared in two different electrolytes. For the electrolyte containing fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive, the fitting results of Dysonian lines suggest that the plated Li has a larger dimension of the microstructure and the stripping proceeds more uniformly. It thus accounts for the higher Coulombic efficiency in the electrolyte with FEC. In situ EPR imaging also suggests that the Sand’s capacity varies with the electrolytes. The forced growth of dendritic Li is carried out at a very large current density using a derivative operando EPR method to monitor the growth locus of the Li dendrites, indicating a tip-growing mechanism. This work can be instructive for those who are engaged in the study of electro-deposited lithium using in situ EPR imaging technology.
Quasi-diabatic propagation scheme for simulating polariton chemistry
Authors: Hu Deping , Mandal Arkajit , Weight Braden M. , Huo Pengfei
Published: November 2022

We generalize the quasi-diabatic (QD) propagation scheme to simulate the non-adiabatic polariton dynamics in molecule–cavity hybrid systems. The adiabatic-Fock states, which are the tensor product states of the adiabatic electronic states of the molecule and photon Fock states, are used as the locally well-defined diabatic states for the dynamics propagation. These locally well-defined diabatic states allow using any diabatic quantum dynamics methods for dynamics propagation, and the definition of these states will be updated at every nuclear time step. We use several recently developed non-adiabatic mapping approaches as the diabatic dynamics methods to simulate polariton quantum dynamics in a Shin–Metiu model coupled to an optical cavity. The results obtained from the mapping approaches provide very accurate population dynamics compared to the numerically exact method and outperform the widely used mixed quantum-classical approaches, such as the Ehrenfest dynamics and the fewest switches surface hopping approach. We envision that the generalized QD scheme developed in this work will provide a powerful tool to perform the non-adiabatic polariton simulations by allowing a direct interface between the diabatic dynamics methods and ab initio polariton information.
Near-room temperature topological Hall effect at spin reorientations in sputtered NdCo5−xCux thin film
Authors: Sugimoto Satoshi , Takahashi Yukiko K. , Kasai Shinya
Published: November 2022

The spin reorientation in rare-earth intermetallics involves distinctive magnetic morphologies commencing with spontaneous skyrmion textures without an external magnetic field. Here, we present the sputtering growth of CaCu5-type NdCo5−xCux thin films on MgO (110) substrates. Our films exhibit two successive spin reorientation transitions between the ab-plane and the c-axis, close to the room temperature, apart from the non-uniaxial behavior below 150 K. The corresponding modulations of magnetocrystalline anisotropy at reorientation temperatures lead to the large topological Hall effect, which can be maintained up to 250 K with a maximum Hall resistivity of 210 nΩ cm. These results of robust topological signals will provide platforms for realizing room-temperature topological magnetic textures.
Insight into the flow dynamics of a high shear injector equipped with center-body: Suppression of precessing vortex core oscillations
Authors: Kumar Sonu , Basu Saptarshi
Published: November 2022

A precessing vortex core (PVC) is a self-excited helical instability that results from the precession of the vortex core around the flow axis in the upstream region of a vortex breakdown bubble. PVC oscillation in a swirl flow-based combustor aids the thermoacoustic instability that results in hardware damage and poor emission characteristics of the engine. The PVC oscillation can be suppressed intermittently or absolutely in the high shear injector-based combustor with proper design and placement of the fuel nozzle in the injector. A high shear injector is an arrangement of two radial swirlers in general, namely, primary and secondary swirlers, equipped with a fuel nozzle at its center to deliver the fuel. In this study, we examine the impact of the placement of the fuel nozzle/center-body and its design over the dynamics of PVC oscillations in a non-reacting flow in a counter-rotating swirler/high shear injector. Time-resolved high-speed (@ 5 kHz) stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements are conducted to elucidate the dynamics of PVC and other coherent structures. Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition of the velocity field data shows that fuel nozzle flushing with the base of the primary swirler has the most robust PVC oscillation that subsequently gets intermittent or suppressed by placing the center-body of diameters, Dc = 7, 9, and 11 mm at constant upstream mass flow rate. The results show that the center-body with the end face flushing to the exit plane would be helpful to avoid PVC with proper selection of the center-body diameter.
Fluoro-organosulfur catholytes to boost lithium primary battery energy
Authors: Gao Haining , Sevilla Alejandro R. , Hobold Gustavo M. , Melemed Aaron M. , Guo Rui , Jones Simon C. , Gallant Betar M.
Published: November 2022

Discovery of new electrochemical redox motifs is essential to expand the design landscape for energy-dense batteries. We report a family of fluorinated reactants based on pentafluorosulfanyl arenes (

R-Ph-SF
5

) that allow for high electron-transfer numbers (up to 8-e
−
/reactant) by exploiting multiple coupled redox processes, including extensive S–F bond breaking, yielding capacities of 861 mAh·g
reactant
−1
and voltages up to ∼2.9 V when used as catholytes in primary Li cells. At a cell level, gravimetric energies of 1,085 Wh·kg
−1
are attained at 5 W·kg
−1
and moderate temperatures of 50 °C, with 853 Wh·kg
−1
delivered at >100 W·kg
−1
, exceeding all leading primary batteries based on electrode + electrolyte (substack) mass. Voltage compatibility of

R-Ph-SF
5

reactants and carbon monofluoride (CF
x
) conversion cathodes further enabled investigation of a hybrid battery containing both fluorinated catholyte and cathode. The hybrid cells reach extraordinarily high cell active mass loading (∼80%) and energy (1,195 Wh·kg
−1
), allowing for significant boosting of substack gravimetric energy of Li−CF
x
cells by at least 20% while exhibiting good shelf life and safety characteristics.
The lexicon and creole formation
Authors: Fernández Mauro , Sippola Eeva M.
Published: November 2022

There is disagreement as to the formation period of Chabacano, Philippine Creole Spanish. This article examines
lexical items that have been claimed to stem from an early period of formation of Chabacano (Jacobs & Parkvall 2020). As a response to these claims, we show with ample dialectological and diachronic evidence
that Chabacano items ansina ‘this way, like this,’ endenantes ‘a little while ago’,
onde ‘where,’ and vos ‘2sg’ are compatible with any period of formation for the Creole.
Consequently, the presence of these lexical items in the Chabacano varieties does not link their formation to a hypothetical
proto-Creole created before 1640, nor does it lend proof to the hypothesis that the current varieties descend directly from it. In
general, we argue that creoles require as rigorous diachronic and diatopic studies as their lexifiers to show the maturity of
Creole Studies as a field of inquiry.
‘My brother from another mother’
Authors: Sousa Silvio Moreira De , Tan Raan-Hann
Published: November 2022

Studies in linguistics and anthropology have demonstrated that kinship systems and cultural practices change upon
contact with other languages and cultures; however, creole kinship systems are generally overlooked. This paper examines the
kinship terminology used by the Portuguese Settlement community in Malacca, Malaysia. The mapping of this kinship terminology is based
on the division into terms of address and terms of reference, using three theoretical frameworks (‘identity alignment’, ‘language
as an act of identity’, and ‘partial reciprocal diffusion’), while also taking into account Malacca Creole Portuguese, the
standard variety of Malay, Baba Malay, Chetti Malay, Dutch, and English. The findings point to the existence of parallel kinship
systems within the same language and indicate lexical connections to the other creole communities in Malacca (namely, Chettis and
Baba-Nyonya). Accordingly, the terminology is divided into two segments: one oriented to the Portuguese superstrate and one toward
the substrates and adstrates.
Uncovering the non-radiative thermal characteristics of a passive radiative cooler under real operating conditions
Authors: Kocer Hasan , Durna Yilmaz , Isik Halil , Soydan Mahmut Can , Khalichi Bahram , Ghobadi Amir , Kurt Hamza , Ozbay Ekmel
Published: November 2022

Passive radiative cooling (PasRadCool), which emits thermal energy from objects to deep cold space through atmospheric transparency, offers complementary and alternative green energy solutions for passive cooling of buildings, clothing, and renewable energy harvesting. Depending on the spectral emissive/absorptive properties of the unit under test (UUT), radiative heat exchanges occur between the UUT, atmosphere, and sun, while at the same time non-radiative heat exchange occurs. The performance of the PasRadCool is determined by the combined thermal and thermodynamic effects of both exchange mechanisms. Although the non-radiative heat exchange, which consists of conductive and convective processes to the outer surfaces of the UUT and the surrounding air fluid, is very sensitive to environmental changes, the actual performance is not fully determined since this feature is considered statically in many studies. Herein, we propose a method that reveals the non-radiative thermal characteristics of the PasRadCool under real operating conditions. With a photonic radiative cooler structure, which we manufacture as a proof of concept, we perform nighttime field test measurements in varying non-radiative thermal conditions. The proposed method extracts the time-dependent non-radiative heat transfer coefficient of the UUT as accurately as possible. We also confirm that our experimental result shows good agreement with both numerical and analytical methods. The proposed approach, which highlights the realistic thermal management of PasRadCool, is not specific to the circumstances of our study and can be applied to all PasRadCool situations with different geometry, material, and environmental conditions.