bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex Is a Determinant for Deoxynivalenol Metabolism and Elimination in the Mouse
Authors: Pestka James , Clark Erica , Schwartz-Zimmermann Heidi , Berthiller Franz
Published: August 2017

Based on prior observations that deoxynivalenol (DON) toxicity is sex-dependent, we compared metabolism and clearance of this toxin in male and female mice. Following intraperitoneal challenge with 1 mg/kg bw DON, the dose used in the aforementioned toxicity study, ELISA and LC–MS/MS analyses revealed that by 24 h, most DON and DON metabolites were excreted via urine (49–86%) as compared to feces (1.2–8.3%). Females excreted DON and its principal metabolites (DON-3-, DON-8,15 hemiketal-8-, and iso-DON-8-glucuronides) in urine more rapidly than males. Metabolite concentrations were typically 2 to 4 times higher in the livers and kidneys of males than females from 1 to 4 h after dosing. Trace levels of DON-3-sulfate and DON-15-sulfate were found in urine, liver and kidneys from females but not males. Fecal excretion of DON and DON sulfonates was approximately 2-fold greater in males than females. Finally, decreased DON clearance rates in males could not be explained by glucuronidation activities in liver and kidney microsomes. To summarize, increased sensitivity of male mice to DON’s toxic effects as compared to females corresponds to decreased ability to clear the toxin via urine but did not appear to result from differences in toxin metabolism.
Effect of uridine protecting groups on the diastereoselectivity of uridine-derived aldehyde 5’-alkynylation
Authors: Ben Othman Raja , Fer Mickaël J , Le Corre Laurent , Calvet-Vitale Sandrine , Gravier-Pelletier Christine
Published: August 2017

The 5’-alkynylation of uridine-derived aldehydes is described. The addition of alkynyl Grignard reagents on the carbonyl group is significantly influenced by the 2’,3’-di-O-protecting groups (R1): O-alkyl groups led to modest diastereoselectivities (65:35) in favor of the 5’R-isomer, whereas O-silyl groups promoted higher diastereoselectivities (up to 99:1) in favor of the 5’S-isomer. A study related to this protecting group effect on the diastereoselectivity is reported.
Pour qui produit-on du logement social ? Le cas de la banlieue rouge
Authors: Raad Lina
Published: August 2017

Cet article porte sur la production de logement social en Île-de-France, en s’intéressant aux catégories sociales ciblées par cette production. Dans un premier temps, nous exposons les débats sur le peuplement du parc social en France, en insistant sur les objectifs contradictoires de mixité sociale et le droit au logement. Ensuite, nous présentons la production de logement social ces dernières années en Île-de-France, qui se caractérise notamment par un essor du logement pls ou logement social intermédiaire. Enfin, une étude de cas sur la banlieue rouge nous conduit à souligner les contradictions des politiques locales de l’habitat. Les stratégies de production de logement social visent à la fois à attirer des classes moyennes, mais aussi à apporter une solution de logement aux plus démunis. Nous démontrons le décalage entre la demande de logement social et l’offre produite, dont une part significative vise les classes moyennes tandis que la production de logement très social reste insuffisante. Ce décalage illustre les contradictions des politiques locales, mais aussi les divergences entre les objectifs de l’État et ceux des collectivités locales.
Le logement social sinon rien : les inégalités face à la propriété des habitants relogés d’une copropriété dégradée
Authors: Habouzit Rémi
Published: August 2017

Alors qu’en France l’action publique encourage l’accession à la propriété des catégories populaires, cet article se demande en quoi la démolition d’une copropriété dégradée et le relogement des habitants renforcent paradoxalement les inégalités d’accès à ce statut résidentiel. Si, compte tenu de leurs positions sociales et de leur trajectoire immigrée, les propriétaires de La Forestière (à Clichy-sous-Bois) ont été contraints d’investir dans les franges de logement les plus dégradées, ceux-ci sont une nouvelle fois limités dans leurs projets résidentiels à cause du programme de rénovation urbaine. Dans l’impossibilité de redevenir propriétaires, ces habitants n’ont pas d’autre solution que d’accepter d’être relogés dans le parc social et de perdre leur ancien statut résidentiel. Loin de vivre l’intervention publique comme un reclassement social, cette étape est au contraire vécue comme un déclassement symbolique qui les oblige à recomposer le sens qu’ils donnent à leur logement pour se positionner socialement.
Production sociale de l’herbe et inscription territoriale des éleveurs ovins pastoraux des Alpes du Sud
Authors: Dupré Lucie , Lasseur Jacques , Sicard Julia
Published: August 2017

Collines et montagnes provençales sont fortement marquées par l’élevage et le pastoralisme dont nous analysons une forme spécifique qui s’y affirme depuis une quinzaine d’années : la conduite entièrement au pâturage de gros troupeaux. Les éleveurs qui s’y engagent sont très mobiles : ils pratiquent la transhumance estivale en montagne et hivernale dans les plaines littorales. Nous décrivons la production sociale de l’herbe en analysant les relations que les éleveurs pastoraux entretiennent au sein du monde de l’élevage et en dehors dans les différents territoires entre lesquels ils circulent. Nous montrons comment la plaine est le lieu propre de ces éleveurs, associée à une production sociale de l’herbe reposant d’un côté sur un réseau social de proximité et une économie non marchande faite de réciprocité, de l’autre sur une économie marchande pleinement assumée. Pour finir, nous questionnons les reconfigurations et les enjeux sociaux de ces redéfinitions de l’exercice de l’élevage.
Robot Online Learning to Lift Weights: A Way to Expose Students to Robotics and Intelligent Technologies
Authors: Verner Igor M. , Cuperman Dan , Reitman Michael
Published: August 2017

During interaction with learning robots the students are often faced with the challenge of understanding the robot intent and its practical realization. To answer this challenge, we propose a connected environment which integrates the robot, its digital twin and virtual sensors. We implemented a reinforcement learning scenario in which a humanoid robot learns to lift a weight of unknown mass through autonomous trial-and-error search. To expedite the process, trials of the physical robot are substituted by simulations with its digital twin. The optimal parameters of the robot posture for executing the weightlifting task, found by analysis of the virtual trials, are transmitted to the robot through internet communication. The approach exposes students to the concepts and technologies of machine learning, parametric design, digital prototyping and simulation, connectivity and internet of things. Pilot implementation of the approach indicates its potential for teaching freshman and HS students, and for teacher education.
Comorbidities and related factors in rheumatoid arthritis patients of south India- Karnataka Rheumatoid Arthritis Comorbidity (KRAC) study
Authors: Chandrashekara S. , Shobha V. , Dharmanand B.G. , Jois R. , Kumar S. , Mahendranath K.M. , Haridas V. , Prasad S. , Singh Y. , Daware M.A. , Swamy A. , Subramanian R. , Somashekar S.A. , Shanthappa A.M. , Anupama K.R.
Published: August 2017

The aim was to study the prevalence of comorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in everyday clinical practice and their association with disease-specific and demographic factors. The multi-center study recruited 3,247 (at 14 centers, and 265) were excluded due to incomplete data. The number of subjects considered for the analysis was 2982. The mean (±standard deviation) age was 48.98±12.64 years and the male-to-female ratio was 1:5. The data was collected based on a pre-structured pro forma by trained clinical research associates through interview and verification of charts and reports available in the patient records. The following comorbidities were studied: cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, thyroid disease, psychiatric diseases like depression, and pulmonary disease. Hypertension (20.7%), diabetes mellitus (14.4%) and thyroid disease (18.3%) were the most prevalent comorbidities. Hypercholesterolemia (5.3%), pulmonary diseases (2.1%), cardiovascular diseases (0.2%) and depression (0.03%) were prevalent in ≤5% of the study population. The overall presence of comorbidity increased with age and reduced with the duration of illness prior (DOIP). The age, gender, and DOIP differed significantly between groups with and without hypercholesterolemia. Females had a statistically increased prevalence of thyroid disease. The prevalence of comorbidities in RA patients from south India is around 40% and the incidence of comorbidity increased with age. As per the literature evidence, the prevalence in the current study subjects was higher when compared to prevalence of similar diseases occurring in the general south Indian population.
A phonological analysis of the expressive and receptive articulatory difficulties of an aphasic with apraxia of speech: A case study
Authors: Kagan Aura
Published: August 2017

The expressive and receptive phonological errors of an aphasic subject with mild apraxia of speech were analysed in terms of a distinctive feature framework. The results indicated that errors could be characterized linguistically and that such information could be of therapeutic significance. The relationship between articulation problems and ability to discriminate phonemes was investigated. Although no direct relationship was found, discrimination errors followed linguistic trends demonstrated in the articulation errors. The findings of this study suggest that the traditional idea of apraxia as a non-linguistic and purely motor disorder needs re-examination.
The production of coherent narrative texts by older language impaired children
Authors: Tuch Sharon
Published: August 2017

A group of  4 language-impaired children, 9 years old, and a group of 4 control children with no language problems were compared on an aspect of  'communicative competence' - their ability to produce coherent narrative texts (sequences of  sentences) which were semantically coherent and appropriate to the situational context. A test was devised by the writer, comprising stories presented to the children through a number of sensory modalities. The narrative texts elicited from  the 2 groups were compared on a number of  measures of  semantic cohesion and measures of  general semantic content (or appropriateness to the situational context). The performance of the language-impaired children appeared to be inferior  to the control group on all the measures of semantic cohesion and general semantic content , supporting the hypothesis that the language-impaired group would perform  inferiorly  to the control group on an aspect of 'communicative competence'. The implications of  the study's findings for the diagnosis and treatment of  expressive language problems in the older child were discussed.
'n Akoestiese ontleding van die glottale puls van sekere stempatologiese verskynsels
Authors: Groenewald Emily
Published: August 2017

'n Uitgebreide akoestiese analise van die glottale golf-vorm  van normale en patologiese stemme deur middel van 'n unieke opnametegniek en analiseproses is gedoen met die oog op 'n kritiese evaluering van die toepassingsmoontlikhede van die metode en inligting wat verkry kan word. By die ondersoek is 15 normale en 17 abnormale stemme betrek. Die abnormale groep sluit in toestande soos karsinoma, nodules, poliepe, papiloma, ventrikulere fonasie  en stemlipverlammings. 'n Fluktuasiefaktor  of  afwykingsfaktor vir elke parameter in 5 fonasiewyses  van elke afwykende  stem is bepaal. Elke abnormale stem is individueel met die normale groep vergelyk en dit blyk dat die afwykingsfaktore  verband hou met die graad en omvang van die patologie. Aanduidings bestaan dat daar tipiese resultate vii spesifieke  patologiese toestande mag wees en dit blyk dat die metode beslis potensiele waarde inhou vir die objektiewe evaluering en beskrywing van die stem, sowel as hulpmiddel in stemterapie.
'n Palatografies-fotografiese ondersoek van die Afrikaanse konsonantklanke
Authors: Tesner H.E.C , Naudé E.C.
Published: August 2017

Die konsonantartikulasie van een Afrikaanssprekende  proefpersoon  is palatografies-fotografies ondersoek om vas te stel wat die ko-artikulatoriese invloede van verskillende vokaalomgewings op die artikulasiekontakpunt van besondere konsonante is. Afleidings word gemaak met betrekking tot die stabiliteit van-die artikulasiepunt vir die verskillende konsonante. Die verslag word afgesluit met enkele terapeutiese riglyne en aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing.
Selected acoustic characteristics of emerging esophageal speech: Case study
Authors: Binder Glenn
Published: August 2017

The development of esophageal speech was examined in a laryngectomee subject to observe the emergence of selected acoustic characteristics, and their relation to listener intelligibility ratings. Over a two-and-a-half  month period, the data from  five recording sessions was used for spectrographic and perceptual (listener) analysis. There was evidence to suggest a fairly reliable correlation between emerging acoustic characteristics and increasing perceptual ratings. Acoustic factors coincident with increased intelligibility ratings appeared related to two dimensions: firstly, the increasing pseudoglottic control over esophageal air release; secondly the presence of  a mechanism of  pharyngeal compression. Increased pseudoglottic control manifested  in a reduction of  tracheo-esophageal turbulence, and a more efficient  burping mode of  vibration with clearer formant structure. Spectrographic evidence of  a fundamental  frequency  did not emerge. These dimensions appeared to have potential diagnostic and therapeutic value, rendering an analysis of  the patient's developing vocal performance  more explicit for  both clinician and patient.
'n Oudiovisuele analise van woordverdeelherhalings by hakkelaars
Authors: Van Wyk Maggi
Published: August 2017

'n Oudiovisuele analise van woorddeelherhalings wat in spraakopnames van 18 hakkelaars voorgekom het, is gemaak. Hierdie gedragsvorm is 'n belangrike diagnostiese kriterium van hakkelspraak. Buiten die voorkomsfrekwensie is veral ook die aard en plek van voorkoms van onderbrekings belangrike faktore in die diagnose van hakkel. Kliniese waarnemings beklemtoon dat die woorddeelherhalings van hakkelaars van die van nie-hakkelaars onderskei kan word deur o.a. tempoverskille,onreelmatigheid, gebrek aan oorgangsformante,  die gebruik van die schwa-vokaal en die voorkoms van benaderingsgedrag. Ouditiewe parameters asook spektrogramme is gebruik om die hipotese te bevestig dat die tempo van woorddeelherhalings verskil van die tempo waarteen die vloteenhede van spraak geuiter word. Ook is hierdie herhalings opmerklik onreelmatig en het die verlangde oorgangsformante  nie by herhalingseenhede voorgekom nie. Dit is egter nie die schwavokaal wat gebruik word nie en dit is onwaarskynlik dat die herhalings dien as benadering tot die verlangde oorgang. Hierdie bevindings is van belang vir die differensiaaldiagnose tussen hakkelspraak en normale onvlotheid.
A markedness analysis of initial consonant clusters in Aphasic Phonological Impairment: A case study
Authors: Wolk Lesley
Published: August 2017

The purpose of  this study was to assess both the theoretical and clinical value of  markedness theory in phonological impairment in aphasia. A markedness analysis was carried out on initial consonant clusters in a single aphasic adult, at two points during the spontaneous recovery phase. Results revealed systematic, rule-governed behaviour, reflecting  similar linguistic trends, in terms of  natural segments and natural processes, on both testing occasions. Some inadequacies of  the distinctive feature  approach are discussed. The findings  of  this study suggest that a markedness analysis may be extremely useful  for  the analysis and treatment of  phonological disorders in aphasia.
A neuropsychological approach to the study of gesture and pantomime in aphasa
Authors: Kadish Jocelyn
Published: August 2017

The impairment of  gesture and pantomime in aphasia was examined from  a neuropsychological perspective. The Boston Diagnostic Test of  Aphasia, Luria's Neuro-psychological Investigation, Pickett's Tests for  gesture and pantomime and the Performance Scale of  the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale were administered to six aphasic subjects with varying etiology and severity. Results indicated that severity of  aphasia was positively related to severity of  gestural disturbance; gestural ability was associated with verbal and non-linguistic aspects of  ability, within receptive and expressive levels respectively; performance  on gestural tasks was superior to that on verbal tasks irrespective of  severity of aphasia; damage to Luria's second and third functional  brain units were positively related to deficits  in receptive and expressive gesture respectively; no relationship was found  between seventy of  general intellectual impairment and gestural deficit.  It was concluded that the gestural impairment may best be understood as a breakdown in complex sequential manual motor activity. Theoretical and therapeutic implications were discussed.
Ouditiewe aandag by die voorskoolse kind
Authors: Niemand Elmarie
Published: August 2017

Daar is met hierdie navorsingsprojek gepoog om 'n duidelike beeld te vorm van ouditiewe aandagsprosessering by die voorskoolse kind. Aangesien ouditiewe aandagsprosessering van groot belang is vir die kind wat skool toe gaan is daar op die groep wat in die daaropvolgende jaar skool toe gaan besluit. 'n Groep van 64 kinders is geselekteer. Daar is gebruik gemaak van 'n gegradeerde ouditiefgerigte  ondersoekprogram wat so saamgestel is dat dit wetenskaplik verantwoordbaar is. In sy geheel gesien dui die navorsingsresultate daarop dat die basiese ontwikkelingsproses van ouditiewe aandagsprosessering op hierdie ouderdom (5;2 tot 5;8) voltooi is. 'n Verdere evaluering van die resultate in terme van die uiteengesette doelstellings van die navorsingsprojek dui daarop dat kinders in hierdie ouderdomsgroep nog soms moeite ondervind om aan 'n ouditiewe sei binne omgewingslawaai aandag te skenk. Bekende seine verhoog die vermoë om aandag te skenk. Daar kon egter nie vir alle aannames wat in die literatuur gemaak word, bewys gevind word nie.
The communicative abilities of mild mental retardates
Authors: Bluestone Ruth
Published: August 2017

The interpersonal communicative abilities of five mild mental retardates are investigated and described. One test of  interpersonal communication was chosen from the literature. In the test situation, the experimenter taught each subject/speaker how to play a simple board game. Each speaker then taught the game to a listener of  similar mental age. The channels of  communication, both verbal and nonverbal, used by the speakers to explain the game items, were determined. The speakers' speech style (productivity, vocabulary and utterance structure) was evaluated qualitatively. Results indicated that all the speakers used both verbal and nonverbal communication behaviours to explain the rules of  the game. Unlike the experimenter, the speakers utilized nonverbal behaviours (pointing and manipulation of  the game material) as a distinct mode of  communication. The speakers used an egocentric speech style and they all, unlike the experimenter, used speech to help the listener play the game correctly. The communicative ability of  the speakers was not found  to be commensurate with their mental ages and it was postulated that their inferior  cognitive abilites predisposed them to use both primitive nonverbal behaviours and an egocentric speech style.
As produções de si com(o)outro: aprendizagem e produção de alteridades
Authors: Pimentel Álamo
Published: August 2017

O presente ensaio procura destacar a relevância das conversações entre antropologia e educação, com especial ênfase nas noções de aprendizagem e produção de alteridades. Trata-se de um estudo teórico que opera análises de discursos em três conferências realizadas por antropólogos que estudam etnicidade. O objetivo é apresentar como a produção teórica sobre a etnicidade também é produtora de outras formas de compreensão da aprendizagem e da alteridade. Procura-se salientar a importância do aprender nas diferentes circunstâncias dos encontros interculturais e, com isto, aprofundar reflexões sobre abordagens multiculturais dos processos educativos no âmbito da formação de professores.
O professor da educação básica como formador de seus pares: possibilidades para a profissionalização docente
Authors: Budin Clayton José , Sarti Flavia Medeiros
Published: August 2017

O artigo focaliza o papel e o lugar que os professores de Educação Básica desempenham e podem desempenhar na formação continuada docente, elegendo como referencial empírico Grupos de Formação (GF) organizados em uma rede municipal de ensino, nos quais professores da Educação Básica exercem o papel de formadores de seus pares. A pesquisa organizou-se por procedimentos de análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas com sujeitos envolvidos com os GFs. As análises realizadas destacam representações relativas à figura dos professores-formadores no que se refere à caracterização de sua atuação junto aos professores e seu papel no trabalho formativo. Evidencia-se a existência de um lugar bem definido para esses formadores, afinado com o processo de profissionalização do magistério. No entanto, os dados apontam também para certas fragilidades que se impõem à atuação desses formadores de professores, dificultando-lhes a ocupação de um lugar mais central na formação docente daquele município.
A atual configuração capitalista na periferia do sistema: contribuições teóricas para um debate
Authors: Tumolo Paulo Sergio
Published: August 2017

O artigo busca fazer uma análise de algumas características que configuram a periferia do sistema capitalista, a partir de uma interlocução crítica com autores que defendem teses segundo as quais, nessa parte do sistema, a força de trabalho é remunerada abaixo de seu valor, caracterizando uma superexploração do trabalho, o que constitui o fundamento da predominância de extração de mais-valia absoluta. Baseado na contribuição oferecida por Marx em O capital, o texto começa examinando a produção das mais-valias absoluta e relativa e a relação entre elas e finaliza com o tratamento da questão do valor e preço da força de trabalho.
Formação e produção de conhecimento na universidade: estratégias de graduandos e pós-graduandos para a inserção no campo
Authors: Oliveira Maísa Aparecida , Fernandes Maria Cristina Silveira Galan
Published: August 2017

O artigo busca compreender a formação e o processo de produção do conhecimento de estudantes da graduação e pós-graduação no contexto de intensificação da produtividade acadêmica por meio da análise de suas estratégias e ações. A pesquisa foi realizada com estudantes de uma universidade pública, tem caráter qualitativo, e a análise dos dados é fundamentada em Bourdieu e em perspectivas críticas de educação. A escolha dos estudantes por atividades legitimadas pela universidade fundamenta-se na instrumentalidade do sucesso escolar. Constatou-se que as atividades de pesquisa são essenciais para a formação acadêmica, profissional e pessoal do estudante, entretanto sua prática científica tem se mostrado intensificada e produtivista, orientando-se pela mercantilização do conhecimento. A formação dos universitários é pautada pela hegemonia da sociabilidade produtiva e pela normalização do produtivismo, indicando reconhecimento da hierarquia, subsumindo-se às regras como estratégia de inserção no campo acadêmico.
Nitrous acid formation in a snow-free wintertime polluted rural area
Authors: Tsai Catalina , Spolaor Max , Colosimo Santo Fedele , Pikelnaya Olga , Cheung Ross , Williams Eric , Gilman Jessica B. , Lerner Brian M. , Zamora Robert J. , Warneke Carsten , Roberts James M. , Ahmadov Ravan , de Gouw Joost , Bates Timothy , Quinn Patricia K. , Stutz Jochen
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO) photolysis is an important source of hydroxyl radicals (OH) in the lower atmosphere, in particular in winter when other OH sources are less efficient. The nighttime formation of HONO and its photolysis in the early morning have long been recognized as an important contributor to the OH budget in polluted environments. Over the past few decades it has become clear that the formation of HONO during the day is an even larger contributor to the OH budget, and additionally provides a pathway to recycle NOx. Despite the recognition of this unidentified HONO daytime source, the precise chemical mechanism remains elusive. A number of mechanisms have been proposed, including gas-phase, aerosol, and ground surface processes, to explain the elevated levels of daytime HONO. To identify the likely HONO formation mechanisms in a wintertime polluted rural environment we present LP-DOAS observations of HONO, NO2, and O3 on three absorption paths that cover altitude intervals from 2 m to 31 m, 45 m, and 68 m agl during the UBWOS 2012 experiment in the Uintah Basin, Utah, USA. Daytime HONO mixing ratios in the 2–31 m height interval were, on average, 78 ppt, which is lower than HONO levels measured in most polluted urban environments with similar NO2 mixing ratios of 1–2 ppb. HONO surface fluxes at 16 m agl, calculated using the HONO gradients from the LP-DOAS and measured eddy diffusivity coefficient, show clear upward fluxes. The hourly average vertical HONO flux during sunny days followed solar irradiance, with a maximum of (4.9 ± 0.2) x 1010 molec. cm−2 s−1 at noontime. A photo-stationary state analysis of the HONO budget shows that the surface flux closes the HONO budget, accounting for 63 ± 32 % of the unidentified HONO daytime source throughout the day and 90 ± 30 % near noontime. This is also supported by 1D chemistry and transport model calculations that include the measured surface flux, thus clearly identifying chemistry at the ground as the missing daytime HONO source in this environment. Comparison between HONO surface flux, solar radiation, NO2 and HNO3 mixing ratios and results from 1D model runs suggest that, under high NOx conditions, HONO formation mechanisms related to solar radiation and NO2 mixing ratios, such as photo-enhanced conversion of NO2 on the ground, are most likely the source of daytime HONO. Under moderate to low NO2 conditions, photolysis of HNO3 on the ground seems to be the main source of HONO.
Vertical air motion retrievals in deep convective clouds using the ARM scanning radar network in Oklahoma during MC3E
Authors: North Kirk W. , Oue Mariko , Kollias Pavlos , Giangrande Scott E. , Collis Scott M. , Potvin Corey K.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program's Southern Great Plains (SGP) site includes a heterogeneous distributed scanning Doppler radar network suitable for collecting coordinated Doppler velocity measurements in deep convective clouds. The surrounding National Weather Service (NWS) Next Generation Weather Surveillance Radar 1988 Doppler (NEXRAD WSR-88D) further supplements this network. Radar velocity measurements are assimilated in a three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) algorithm that retrieves horizontal and vertical air motions over a large analysis domain (100 km  ×  100 km) at storm-scale resolutions (250 m). For the first time, direct evaluation of retrieved vertical air velocities with those from collocated 915 MHz radar wind profilers is performed. Mean absolute and root-mean-square differences between the two sources are of the order of 1 and 2 m s−1, respectively, and time–height correlations are of the order of 0.5. An empirical sensitivity analysis is done to determine a range of 3DVAR constraint weights that adequately satisfy the velocity observations and anelastic mass continuity. It is shown that the vertical velocity spread over this range is of the order of 1 m s−1. The 3DVAR retrievals are also compared to those obtained from an iterative upwards integration technique. The results suggest that the 3DVAR technique provides a robust, stable solution for cases in which integration techniques have difficulty satisfying velocity observations and mass continuity simultaneously.
Isoprene emission and photosynthesis during heatwaves and drought in black locust
Authors: Bamberger Ines , Ruehr Nadine K. , Schmitt Michael , Gast Andreas , Wohlfahrt Georg , Arneth Almut
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Extreme weather conditions like heatwaves and drought can substantially affect tree physiology and the emissions of isoprene. To date, however, there is only limited understanding of isoprene emission patterns during prolonged heat stress and next to no data on emission patterns during coupled heat–drought stress or during post-stress recovery. We studied gas exchange and isoprene emissions of black locust trees under episodic heat stress and in combination with drought. Heatwaves were simulated in a controlled greenhouse facility by exposing trees to outside temperatures +10 °C, and trees in the heat–drought treatment were supplied with half of the irrigation water given to heat and control trees. Leaf gas exchange of isoprene, CO2 and H2O was quantified using self-constructed, automatically operating chambers, which were permanently installed on leaves (n = 3 per treatment). Heat and combined heat–drought stress resulted in a sharp decline of net photosynthesis (Anet) and stomatal conductance. Simultaneously, isoprene emissions increased 6- to 8-fold in the heat and heat–drought treatment, which resulted in a carbon loss that was equivalent to 12 and 20 % of assimilated carbon at the time of measurement. Once temperature stress was released at the end of two 15-day-long heatwaves, stomatal conductance remained reduced, while isoprene emissions and Anet recovered quickly to values of the control trees. Further, we found that isoprene emissions covaried with Anet during nonstress conditions, while during the heatwaves, isoprene emissions were not related to Anet but to light and temperature. Under standard air temperature and light conditions (here 30 °C and photosynthetically active radiation of 500 µmol m−2 s−1), isoprene emissions of the heat trees were by 45 % and the heat–drought trees were by 27 % lower than in control trees. Moreover, temperature response curves showed that not only the isoprene emission factor changed during both heat and heat–drought stress, but also the shape of the response. Because introducing a simple treatment-specific correction factor could not reproduce stress-induced isoprene emissions, different parameterizations of light and temperature functions are needed to describe tree isoprene emissions under heat and combined heat–drought stress. In order to increase the accuracy of predictions of isoprene emissions in response to climate extremes, such individual stress parameterizations should be introduced to current BVOC models.
Changes in crop yields and their variability at different
levels of global warming
Authors: Ostberg Sebastian , Schewe Jacob , Childers Katelin , Frieler Katja
Published: August 2017

Abstract. An assessment of climate change impacts at different levels of global warming is crucial to inform the political discussion about mitigation targets, as well as for the economic evaluation of climate change impacts e.g. in economic models such as Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) that internally only use global mean temperature change as indicator of climate change. There is already a well-established framework for the scalability of regional temperature and precipitation changes with global mean temperature change (∆GMT). It is less clear to what extent more complex, biological or physiological impacts such as crop yield changes can also be described in terms of ∆GMT; even though such impacts may often be more directly relevant for human livelihoods than changes in the physical climate. Here we show that crop yield projections can indeed be described in terms of ∆GMT to a large extent, allowing for a fast interpolation of crop yield changes to emission scenarios not originally covered by climate and crop model projections. We use an ensemble of global gridded crop model simulations for the four major staple crops to show that the scenario dependence is a minor component of the overall variance of projected yield changes at different levels of ∆GMT. In contrast, the variance is dominated by the spread across crop models. Varying CO2 concentrations are shown to explain only a minor component of the remaining crop yield variability at different levels of global warming. In addition, we show that the variability of crop yields is expected to increase with increasing warming in many world regions. We provide, for each crop model and climate model, patterns of mean yield changes that allow for a simplified description of yield changes under arbitrary pathways of global mean temperature and CO2 changes, without the need for additional climate and crop model simulations.
The Effect of Alternative Seismotectonic Models on PSHA Results – a
Sensitivity Study for the Case of Israel
Authors: Avital Matan , Davis Michael , Dor Ory , Kamai Ronnie
Published: August 2017

Abstract. We present a full PSHA sensitivity analysis for two sites in southern Israel – one in the near-field of a major fault system and one farther away. The PSHA analysis is conducted for alternative source representations, using alternative model parameters for the main seismic sources, such as slip-rate and Mmax, among others. The analysis also considers the effect of the Ground-Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE) on the hazard results. In this way, the two types of epistemic uncertainty – modelling uncertainty and parametric uncertainty are treated and addressed. We quantify the uncertainty propagation by testing its influence of the final calculated hazard, such that the controlling knowledge gaps are identified and can be treated in future studies. We find that current practice in Israel, as represented by the most current version of the building code grossly underestimates the hazard, due to a combination of factors, including source definitions as well as the GMPE used for analysis.
Modelling rock wall permafrost degradation in the Mont Blanc massif from the LIA to the end of the 21st century
Authors: Magnin Florence , Josnin Jean-Yves , Ravanel Ludovic , Pergaud Julien , Pohl Benjamin , Deline Philip
Published: August 2017

Abstract. High alpine rock wall permafrost is extremely sensitive to climate change. Its degradation has a strong impact on landscape evolution and can trigger rockfalls constituting an increasing threat to socio-economical activities of highly frequented areas; quantitative understanding of permafrost evolution is crucial for such communities. This study investigates the long-term evolution of permafrost in three vertical cross sections of rock wall sites between 3160 and 4300 m above sea level in the Mont Blanc massif, from the Little Ice Age (LIA) steady-state conditions to 2100. Simulations are forced with air temperature time series, including two contrasted air temperature scenarios for the 21st century representing possible lower and upper boundaries of future climate change according to the most recent models and climate change scenarios. The 2-D finite element model accounts for heat conduction and latent heat transfers, and the outputs for the current period (2010–2015) are evaluated against borehole temperature measurements and an electrical resistivity transect: permafrost conditions are remarkably well represented. Over the past two decades, permafrost has disappeared on faces with a southerly aspect up to 3300 m a.s.l. and possibly higher. Warm permafrost (i.e.  >   − 2 °C) has extended up to 3300 and 3850 m a.s.l. in N and S-exposed faces respectively. During the 21st century, warm permafrost is likely to extend at least up to 4300 m a.s.l. on S-exposed rock walls and up to 3850 m a.s.l. depth on the N-exposed faces. In the most pessimistic case, permafrost will disappear on the S-exposed rock walls at a depth of up to 4300 m a.s.l., whereas warm permafrost will extend at a depth of the N faces up to 3850 m a.s.l., but possibly disappearing at such elevation under the influence of a close S face. The results are site specific and extrapolation to other sites is limited by the imbrication of local topographical and transient effects.
Brief Communication: The Khurdopin glacier surge revisited – extreme flow velocities and formation of a dammed lake in 2017
Authors: Steiner Jakob F. , Kraaijenbrink Philip D.A. , Jiduc Sergiu G. , Immerzeel Walter W.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Glacier surges occur regularly in the Karakoram but the driving mechanisms, their frequency and its relation to a changing climate remain unclear. In this study we use digital elevation models and Landsat imagery in combination with high-resolution imagery from the Planet satellite constellation to quantify surface elevation changes and flow velocities during a glacier surge in of the Khurdopin glacier in 2017. Results reveal that an accumulation of ice mass above a clearly defined steep section of the glacier tongue since the last surge in 1999 eventually leads to a rapid surge in May 2017 peaking with velocities above 5000 m a−1, which is among the fastest rates globally for a mountain glacier. The time series of Landsat imagery reveals that velocities increase steadily during a four-year build-up phase prior to the actual surge and that the surge front advances towards the terminus after the peak has passed on the upper tongue. The surge frequency between the reported surges remains relatively constant at 18 (1999 to 2017) and 20 (1979 to 1999) years respectively. It is hypothesized that the surge is mainly initiated as a result of increased pressure melting caused by ice accumulation, i.e. the thermal switch hypothesis. However, surface observations show increased crevassing and disappearance of supra glacial ponds, which could have led to increased lubrication of the glacier bed. Finally, we observe that the surging glacier blocks the river in the valley and causes a lake to form, which may grow in subsequent years and could pose threats to downstream settlements and infrastructure in case of a sudden breach.
IMAGENS E ESTEREÓTIPOS NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE UMA VISÃO DO BRASIL NOS ANOS 1950.
Authors: Meyrer Marlise Regina
Published: August 2017

O trabalho constitui-se na análise das fotorreportagens veiculadas na revista O Cruzeiro na década de 1950, como construtoras e difusoras de uma determinada identidade nacional no período. Para tal propósito, partimos do princípio de que a fotorreportagem tem como eixo central do discurso a imagem fotográfica - que passa a ter o mesmo valor do texto verbal - , sendo assim,  uma importante fonte para pesquisa histórica, na medida em que ela relativiza o predomínio do texto escrito, possibilitando outras visões sobre o tema, ampliando o leque de possibilidades de interpretação através do processo dialético entre o texto verbal e o visual.
REFLEXOS DA IDEIA ARISTOTÉLICA DE BEM NO LIVRO DOS CASTIGOS DEL REY SANCHO IV
Authors: Rui Adailson José , De Oliveira Paulo César
Published: August 2017

Apresentamos a utilização da idéia do “Bem” definida por Aristóteles na obra Ética a Nicómaco como suporte utilizado pelos autores do livro Castigos del Rey Sancho IV para definir e apresentar as funções do Príncipe Cristão.  O livro dos Castigos del Rey Sancho IV foi concluído em Castela por volta de 1293.  Trata-se de um espelho de príncipe, no qual os autores usaram o monólogo como instrumento de persuasão. O pai, no caso Sancho IV, rei de Leão e Castela de 1284 a 1295 ensina ao filho, o futuro Fernando IV 1295-1312 a maneira como deverá se comportar diante das mais diferentes situações, sempre tendo como propósito a condução de si, e de seus súditos em direção ao bem maior.  Fazendo uso de exemplos, o pai apresenta ao filho o caminho a ser trilhado. Por meio dessa estratégia, os autores da obra adéquam o pensamento de Aristóteles de forma a sustentar a função do príncipe como guia de seus súditos em direção a Deus, função a ser desempenhada pelo monarca cristão.
SANT’ANNA. Henrique Modanez. História da República Romana. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2015.
Authors: Belchior Ygor Klain
Published: August 2017

Resenha do livro: SANT’ANNA. Henrique Modanez. História da República Romana. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2015.
Information Systems Quality Level and Its Impact on the Strategic Flexibility: A Field Study on Tourism and Travel Companies in the Jordanian Capital Amman
Authors: AL-Adwan Abood Saleh Ahmad
Published: August 2017

This study aimed to analyze the impact on the Information Systems Quality on the Strategic Flexibility in Jordanian tourism and travel companies in capital Amman. To achieve the goals of this study, the questionnaire has been developed to collect data which has been distributed over (130) individual through the survey population, (100) individuals had been studied, which represents 77%. The study reached to a group of results: 1. the perceptions of the people in question were fluctuating between high and moderate toward the level of the availability of Information Systems Quality and all of its dimensions in the Jordanian tourism and travel companies in capital Amman. Whereas their perceptions of the Strategic Flexibility were all moderate. 2. There is a statistical significance impact on the Information Systems Quality dimensions (Usability, Availability, Response Time) on the Strategic Flexibility for Jordanian tourism and travel companies in capital Amman. The study recommends the questioned companies’ administrations to draw attention to the perspectives of the Information Systems users when updating the systems design to improve the dimension of the Systems adaptation, also to bring the researchers attention to do more researches concern the Information Systems Services Quality, Information Quality and the Strategic Flexibility to complete the elements of Information Systems efficiency.
Manuscript Research about Effect of Application of Career Stage Systems on the Natural Work Satisfaction in PGI "C" Hospital Jakarta
Authors: Sitinjak Labora , Efendy Hady
Published: August 2017

Career stage is a system which can enhance job satisfaction, work performance and professionalism of nurse through competence enhancement. The component of career stage system being researched included career development, appreciation to the nurse, opportunity for doing challenging task, opportunity for promotion and recognition of the nurse. Nurse career stage system at PGI “C” Hospital in Jakarta has been known since seven years ago in which nurse expects this system to be implemented, however there is no decision as to implement the system yet. The study was aimed to evaluate the influence of the applied of career system for job satisfaction of the nurses in PGI “C” Hospital in Jakarta. The design used was quasy experiment in pre and posttest with control group, which the intervention was given at H Unit and as control group was Renal Unit. By using purposive sampling 21 nurses was selected in each unit. Data collection was twice, i.e before intervention and 7 weeks after intervention. The statistic used are t-test, correlation and one way Anova. The result showed that in the intervention group, the improvement of job satisfaction of the nurses higher with p-value: 0.000 for all components of career stage system (career development, appreciation to the nurse, opportunity for doing challenging task, opportunity for promotion and recognition of the nurse). The study concluded that the implementation of the career stage system could improve the job satisfaction of the nurses at PGI “C” Hospital in Jakarta. Based on this result to enhance the quality of nursing services at PGI “C” Hospital in Jakarta, it is suggested to the director to implement this system.
Performance Management as an Alternative Tool for Local Governance: Evidence from Ghanaian Local Government Sector
Authors: Abane Juliana Abagsonema , Phinaitrup Boon-Anan
Published: August 2017

The benefit of performance management is to have value for money and make local authorities more responsive to the needs of the grassroots. Therefore, the study addresses the perceived challenges which have been taken-for-granted in institutionalising performance culture at the local level in the context of sub-Sharan Africa. The purpose of this research is to investigate the progress and challenges affecting the institutionalisation of performance management in local government authorities to understand how these impediments impacts on performance culture in local governance. Using two major secondary data sources from Local Government Service, the study analyzes the contents of four key performance areas and the performance rating of local government authorities in Ghana . The study finds evidence to support that performance management may be an alternative tool to enhance the performance of local authorities. However , insufficient resource allocation, the absence of performance improvement programs and involvement of employees remains a challenge.
Design and Numerical Evaluation of an Axial Partial-assist Blood Pump for Chinese and other Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Liu Guang-Mao , Jin Dong-Hai , Zhou Jian-Ye , Jiang Xi-Hang , Sun Han-Song , Zhang Yan , Chen Hai-Bo , Hu Sheng-Shou , Gui Xing-Min
Published: August 2017

A fully implantable axial left ventricular assist device LAP31 was developed for Chinese or other heart failure patients who need partial support. Based on the 5-Lpm total cardiac blood output of Chinese without heart failure disease, the design point of LAP31 was set to a flow rate of 3 Lpm with 100-mmHg pressure head. To achieve the required pressure head and good hemolytic performance, a structure that includes a spindly rotor hub and a diffuser with splitter and cantilevered main blades was developed. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to analyze the hydraulic and hemodynamic performance of LAP31. Then in vitro hydraulics experiments were conducted. The numerical simulation results show that LAP31 could generate a 1 to 8 Lpm flow rate with a 60.9 to 182.7 mmHg pressure head when the pump was rotating between 9,000 and 12,000 rpm. The average scalar shear stress of the blood pump was 21.7 Pa, and the average exposure time was 71.0 milliseconds. The mean hemolysis index of LAP31 obtained using Heuser's hemolysis model and Giersiepen's model was 0.220% and 3.89 × 105% respectively. After adding the splitter blades, the flow separation at the suction surface of the diffuser was reduced. The cantilever structure reduced the tangential velocity from 6.1 to 4.7–1.4 m/s within the blade gap by changing the blade gap from shroud to hub. Subsequently, the blood damage caused by shear stress was reduced. In conclusion, the hydraulic and hemolytic characteristics of the LAP31 are acceptable for partial support.