bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agile governance for the ‘new normal’: Is Africa ready?
Authors:   University of Pretoria, Lubinga Stella , Nhede Norman ,   University of Pretoria, Mangai Mary ,   University of Pretoria, Maruma Tafadzwa ,   University of the Free State
Published: February 2023

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments opted to use agile methodologies to tackle various challenges. Policymakers did not follow the normal protocol of policymaking and governance; instead, they adopted a more agile policymaking process that deploys agile approaches such as policy labs, policy prototyping, policy stimulus and digital-ready policies. In addition, health scientists were primarily responsible for most of the policies adopted during the pandemic. This was a major change in the policy arena. All these changes gave birth to what is currently known as "agile governance". Although not new, this form of governance has taken the world by storm, especially during the pandemic. While other regions across the world have routed for agile governance, it is not clear where Africa stands in this debate. This paper, therefore, assesses Africa's readiness for the so-called "agile governance” as the new normal. Drawing from a qualitative desktop research based on an extensive literature review and a content analysis. The study findings reveal that the future and adoption of agile governance in Africa appear bleak. Unless some changes are implemented, Africa may continue to trail behind Europe and other world regions. This is because there are still many deterrents, such as a lack of efficient leadership, the bureaucracy dilemma, the skills gap, and the legislative challenge that the continent must deal with before even thinking of becoming agile. To remedy these challenges, we conclude that African governments adapt to change by employing flexible action plans like adopting a flexible blueprint to guide agile governance strategies; innovation; streamlining bureaucracies; reskilling current public servants, and creating agile mindsets. Keywords: Agility, Agile governance; Agile policymaking; Agile manifesto
SISTEM PERMOHONAN IJIN BERBASIS WEBSITE MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK LARAVEL DENGAN METODOLOGI SCRUM
Authors: Nathanael Fredericko Wibawanto  , Yani Parti Astuti  , Nurul Anisa Sri Winarsih  , Galuh Wilujeng Saraswati  , Muhammad Syaifur Rohman
Published: February 2023

Sistem pengajuan permohonan ijin dan cuti di TVKU masih menggunakan model konvensional, yakni menggunakan media kertas. Sistem konvensional ini memiliki beberapa kelemahan, seperti proses pengajuan maupun penerimaan masih dilakukan secara fisik, tidak bisa dilakukan di luar kantor dan rekap pendataan yang manual. Maka dari itu diperlukan suatu sistem yang bisa mengatasi masalah-masalah tersebut. Scrum menjadi salah satu metode yang bisa diimplementasikan dalam pengembangan sistem tersebut, karena scrum bersifat fleksibel dan cepat beradaptasi sesuai kebutuhan. Sehingga dalam penelitian ini, dikembangkan sistem E-Cuti dengan menerapkan metode scrum serta implementasi kerangka kerja laravel untuk menggantikan sistem konvensional yang ada. Terhitung ada 8 sprint yang telah diimplementasikan. Masing-masing sprint memiliki key yang mengacu pada objektif backlog. Dengan berjalannya sprint, berkembang pula backlog guna mengikuti segala kebutuhan yang baru. Pengujian metode black box diimplementasikan dan dilakukan pembenaran apabila terdapat fungsionalitas yang tidak lolos uji. Sistem E-Cuti di TVKU berhasil diterapkan hingga menjadi produk aplikasi yang dipakai dengan persentase fungsionalitas komponen valid senilai 100%.
Treatment of Parkinson’s disease with piribedil: Suggestions for clinical practices
Authors: Jie Mao Cheng , Piu Chan , Rong Jin Li , Juan Wang Li , Rascol Olivier , Feng Liu Chun
Published: February 2023

With rapidly growing rates of prevalence, disability, and mortality, Parkinson’s disease (PD) has become a global healthcare burden. Increasing elderly population increases the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases in China. Hence, PD poses a huge burden to Chinese economic and healthcare system. PD is a movement disorder that affects the motor and nonmotor functions. Dopamine agonists are used in the management of PD. Piribedil is an antiparkinsonian drug and piperazine derivative, which acts as D2/D3 receptor agonist. Piribedil is one of the non-ergot dopamine receptor (DR) agonists and has been used in China for many years as monotherapy or in combination with levodopa. In this paper, we present a review of clinical application of piribedil, management of adverse events, and drug interactions, and discuss the results of clinical trials of piribedil on motor and non-motor symptoms of PD.
THE EFFECT OF GRAMMAR WHEEL AND MIND MAPPING ON THE STUDENTS’ WRITING OF NARRATIVE TEXT OF THE EIGHTH GRADE OF SMPN 10 MUARA TEWEH
Authors: JCP Admin
Published: February 2023

AbstractJunior high school students like those in the eighth grade of SMPN 10Muara Teweh still have difficulty in writing narrative text. This is becausethey are still weak in terms of writing and channeling ideas to be poured innarrative texts. The purpose of the study is to know whether or not there is asignificant difference of the use of grammar wheel and mind mapping instudents' ability to write narrative text as the media. The method was anexperimental method with design of One-Shot Case Study design; theindependent variable was grammar wheel and mind mapping, and the students'writing narrative text as the dependent variable. The population and samplewere taken from the eighth grade students of SMPN 10 Muara Teweh. Thedata were analysed using SPSS 16.0 for Windows program. The result showsthat there was a significant difference of the use of grammar wheel and mindmapping as media and without them. The use of Grammar Wheel mediaaffected more significant than that of Mind Mapping in the students’ writingability in narrative text.Key Words: Grammar Wheel, Mind Mapping, Narrative text
MOTIVATIONAL STRATEGIES IN THE CLASSROOM APPLIED BY TWO ENGLISH LECTURERS OF IAIN PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: JCP Admin
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis research was aimed to identify the implementation of the motivationalstrategies in the classroom performed by two English lecturers of IAIN Palangka Raya andto describe the learners? motivated behaviors in the classroom as the response to themotivational strategies based on Dornyei (2001). This research was a case study indescriptive qualitative research design. The subjects of the research were two Englishlecturers of IAIN Palangka Raya and their learners. The researcher as the main instrumentof the research used observation, interview, and documentation to collect the data. Theresearch findings showed some points as follows: First, two English lecturers of IAINPalangka Raya applied four aspects of motivational strategies. They were creating thebasic motivational conditions, generating initial motivation, maintaining and protectingmotivation, and then encouraging positive retrospective self-evaluation. The lecturersapplied the same motivational strategies in various ways. They applied 29 strategies of 35motivational strategies by Dornyei (2001). Second, the learners? motivated behaviors ateach lecturer?s classroom were different in the aspect of participation. At lecturer A class,the learners? motivated behaviors appeared in the learning process were that they had highattention, high participation, and eager volunteering to lecturer-fronted activity. While atlecturer B class, the learners had high attention, low participation, and eager volunteeringto lecturer-fronted activity.Keywords: Motivation, Motivational Strategies, Motivated Behavior
Online training for child care providers teaches child nutrition in English and Spanish
Authors: Lee Danielle L. , Alkon Abbey , Strochlic Ron , Srivastava Deepa , Neelon Marisa , Keeton Victoria F. , Ritchie Lorrene D.
Published: February 2023

Poor nutrition among young children is a national health crisis which contributes to obesity and chronic disease later in life. Since children spend so much time in child care, child care providers can help improve the quality of young children's nutrition and foster lifelong healthy eating habits. However, California's family child care home (FCCH) providers receive little training on what and how to feed young children. To address this problem, we developed a self-paced online training on child nutrition in English and Spanish for FCCH providers. Our feasibility study evaluated providers’ satisfaction with the training and ease of use, using an online survey and a 45-minute interview upon completing the training. Providers rated their training experience as excellent, easy to enroll in, and complete. Most providers reported they were somewhat likely to make changes to what and how they feed infants and toddlers. Many recommended adding printed resources and culturally relevant material for future trainings.
A Review of Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC): Application and Performance Comparison
Authors: Alamr Maiyada A. , Gomaa Mohamed R.
Published: February 2023

In these circumstances, we must search forward to ‘green energy’ for power generation. Green energy means environment-friendly and non-polluting energy (inclusive of solar, biomass, wind, tidal, etc.). Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) generation is one of the maximum promising candidates for mitigating the destiny power crisis. The extracted energy from CSP technology may be very clean, dependable, and environmentally friendly. A review of the parabolic trough collector (PTC) which is one of the CSP technology with a focus on the components, the working principle, and thermal properties of the parabolic trough collector. Also, this study explains the parabolic trough power plants with tracking systems, from the other hand, evaluates the effects of using many types of reflectors and multi kinds of working fluids on the performance of the parabolic trough collector (PTC), in addition of that study presents the use of PTCs in many applications.
Aprendizaje basado en proyectos en instalaciones de la edificación en el grado de arquitectura técnica
Authors: Zurro García Belén , González Moreno Sara , González Martín José Manuel , Santamaría Vicario Isabel , Rodríguez Saiz Ángel
Published: February 2023

El trabajo desarrollado en este artículo muestra una experiencia docente basada en la Metodología Activa del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos en la asignatura de Instalaciones II de la titulación del Grado en Arquitectura Técnica de la Universidad de Burgos. Para alcanzar la excelencia del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, se ha diseñado una metodología de trabajo basada en el desarrollo progresivo de un Proyecto de Ejecución mediante subproyectos, con el objetivo de conseguir mejores resultados en el proceso de aprendizaje mediante el desempeño personal, la retroalimentación de procesos y el trabajo cooperativo, todo ello orientado a la excelencia académica y profesional de los estudiantes. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el ABP es una excelente metodología para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura de Instalaciones II y para el futuro desempeño profesional de los estudiantes.
Review of approaches and clarification of the basic concepts in the field of user modeling
Authors:   Putilov Institute for Informatics and Mathematical Modeling of the Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vicentiy Alexander V.
Published: February 2023

This paper is devoted to reviewing the most common basic approaches to creating user models in information systems. It also discusses the basic concepts used in user modeling, such as the mental user model and the cognitive user model. The paper is of a staged nature and is not intended to give a comprehensive overview of user modeling approaches and technologies. The main purpose is clarification of the basic concepts, its mutual correlation, as well as their adaptation and development of working definitions, corresponding to the specifics of the current research work. The main research methods are comparative analysis and review of scientific sources. The result is a brief overview of approaches to modeling users of information systems, as well as working definitions of basic concepts that will be used in subsequent research work.
Theoretical foundations to assess the resilience of regional socio-economic systems
Authors:   Putilov Institute for Informatics and Mathematical Modeling of the Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khaliullina Darya N. , Bystrov Vitaliy V. ,   Putilov Institute for Informatics and Mathematical Modeling of the Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2023

The article raises problems of designing a theoretical foundation to assess the resilience of socio-economic systems that influence regional development. The authors propose an approach to measuring the state of regional socio-economic systems based on the adaptation of the principles of managing the critical infrastructures resilience. It is proposed to use a multidimensional data cube as a basic structure for assessing resilience. The principle of construction of data cube is also given in the article. The authors describe a general algorithm for measuring the resilience of socio-economic systems, indicating the specific features of the implementation of its individual stages. As an example of the efficiency of the proposed approach, the process of measuring the resilience of a higher education institution is considered.
Rural Institutions, Agricultural Development, and Pro-Poor Economic Growth
Authors:   University of Hawaii Manoa, USA, Roumasset James
Published: February 2023

According to conventional wisdom, the ideal form of pro-poor economic development is through investment in agriculturally-led growth. In the early stages of growth, increased production decreases food prices and shifts out the demand for labor. Inasmuch as poor households disproportionately consume food and earn a relatively large share of their income from labor, both mechanisms benefit the poor. Agricultural economists typically recommend a panoply of government interventions to go along with the investments in new technology and infrastructure, including price-supports and stabilization schemes, credit and input subsidies, and crop insurance. The interventionist policy recommendations, however, are based on a variety of misconceptions and misinterpretations about farmer behavior and rural institutions.
DIGITALIZATION OF ROMANIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS AT REGIONAL LEVEL
Authors: Frățilă Alexandra , Păunescu Mirela , Nichita Elena-Mirela , Lazăr Paula
Published: February 2023

Digital transformation of public administration creates opportunities for transparency, accountability, efficiency, and better tax collection. Benefits are even more critical considering the coronavirus crisis when millions of people worldwide engage in online solutions. Our research paper offers clear insights into the public administrations’ strategic management when it comes to the impact of digitalization upon local tax revenues collection. In this setting, we investigate the effects of the digitalization of the Romanian public sector, focusing on local tax revenues collection covering the period 2015–2021. The data was collected from the national platform for e-payments – ghiseul.ro. To assess the impact of digitalization, we opted for the panel data analysis, complemented by reliability and robustness tests. The local tax revenues are settled as the dependent variable and analysed in relationship with the number of payments made via the above-mentioned platform (assigned as a proxy for digitalization). Gross domestic product per capita, Unemployment rate, and Average net earnings are control variables. Our outcomes show that digitalization impacts local tax revenues, but it differs across the country, the highest impact being registered in the case of macroregion 3. All independent variables are statistically significant, leading to the assumption that the empirical model is accurate.
STUDY ON FLEXURAL AND DEMOUNTABLE BEHAVIOR OF A MODULAR LIGHT-GAUGE STEEL FRAMED WALL
Authors: Liu Cong , Chen Xin , Mao Xiaoyong , He Lin , Yuan Jian
Published: February 2023

The demountable and modular light-gauge steel framed (DMLSF) wallboard is presented and used as non-load bearing exterior walls in medium and high-rise steel construction or temporary structure. Firstly, the bending tests were conducted on five wall modules to explore the flexural behavior of the wall. The numerical model was also established and verified by experimental results, and the simplified calculation method of the flexural capacity of the wall was proposed based on 68 numerical models. In addition, the reliability test of the seam between modules was finished to ensure the airtightness of the wall. Furthermore, the demountable behavior of the wall was studied by secondary loading tests and life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Results suggested that the wallboard could be used repeatedly after disassembled under the serviceability limit state. Raw materials, especially the insulation material, accounted for a large proportion of the environmental impact of the wallboard. The wallboard’s carbon dioxide emission and energy consumption could be significantly reduced when the wallboard was reused. This study can promote the application of the demountable concept in wall components and provide some guidance for the life cycle design of demountable structures.
A Reanalysis of the Composition of K2-106b: An Ultra-short-period Super-Mercury Candidate
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez Romy , Gaudi B. Scott , Schulze Joseph G. , Acuña Lorena , Kolecki Jared , Johnson Jennifer A. , Asnodkar Anusha Pai , Boley Kiersten M. , Deleuil Magali , Mousis Olivier , Panero Wendy R. , Wang 王 Ji 吉
Published: February 2023

We present a reanalysis of the K2-106 transiting planetary system, with a focus on the composition of K2-106b, an ultra-short-period, super-Mercury candidate. We globally model existing photometric and radial velocity data and derive a planetary mass and radius for K2-106b of M

p
= 8.53 ± 1.02 M
⊕ and

R

p

=

1.71

−
0.057

+
0.069

R

⊕

, which leads to a density of

ρ

p

=

9.4

−
1.5

+
1.6

g cm−3, a significantly lower value than previously reported in the literature. We use planet interior models that assume a two-layer planet comprised of a liquid, pure Fe core and an iron-free, MgSiO3 mantle, and we determine that the range of the core mass fractions are consistent with the observed mass and radius. We use existing high-resolution spectra of the host star to derive the Fe/Mg/Si abundances ([Fe/H] = −0.03 ± 0.01, [Mg/H] = 0.04 ± 0.02, [Si/H] = 0.03 ± 0.06) to infer the composition of K2-106b. We find that K2-106b has a density and core mass fraction (

44

−
15

+
12

%

) consistent with that of Earth (CMF⊕ = 32%). Furthermore, its composition is consistent with what is expected, assuming that it reflects the relative refractory abundances of its host star. K2-106b is therefore unlikely to be a super-Mercury, as has been suggested in previous literature.
Detecting Isolated Stellar-mass Black Holes with the Roman Telescope
Authors: Sajadian Sedighe , Sahu Kailash C.
Published: February 2023

Isolated stellar-mass black holes (ISMBHs) are potentially discernible through microlensing observations, because they are expected to be long-duration microlensing events. In this work, we study the detection and characterization of ISMBHs using Roman observations. We simulate a large ensemble of such events, as they will be seen by Roman, and estimate the errors in the physical parameters of the lens objects, including their masses, distances, and proper motions, by calculating Fisher and covariance matrices. Since the ∼2.3 yr time gap between Roman’s first three observing seasons and its latter three seasons may lower the efficiency of its realization of microlensing events and characterization of ISMBHs, we additionally consider a scenario where we add a small number of additional observations—1 hr of observations, every 10 days, when the Bulge is observable during the large time gap—which is equivalent to a total of an additional day of observations with the Roman telescope. These extra observations increase Roman’s efficiency in terms of characterizing ISMBHs by ∼1%–2%, and, more importantly, they improve the robustness of the results, by avoiding possible degenerate solutions. By considering uniform and power-law mass functions (

dN

/

dM
∝

M

−
α

, α = 2, 1, 0.5) for ISMBHs in the range of [2, 50]M
⊙, we conclude that the Roman telescope will determine the physical parameters of the lenses (the mass, distance, and relative lens–source angular velocity) within <5% uncertainty, with efficiencies of 21% and 16%–18%, respectively. By considering these mass functions, we expect that during its mission the Roman telescope will detect and characterize 3–4, 15–17, and 22–24 ISMBHs through astrometric microlensing, with the relative errors for all physical parameters being less than 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. Microlensing events due to ISMBHs with masses ≃10–25M
⊙ that are located close to the observer, with D
l ≲ 0.5D
s, while the source is inside the Galactic disk, can be characterized with the fewest errors.
DESI Observations of the Andromeda Galaxy: Revealing the Immigration History of Our Nearest Neighbor
Authors: Dey Arjun , Najita Joan R. , Koposov Sergey E. , Josephy-Zack J. , Maxemin Gabriel , Bell Eric F. , Poppett C. , Patel E. , Beraldo e Silva L. , Raichoor A. , Schlegel D. , Lang D. , Meisner A. , Myers Adam D. , Aguilar J. , Ahlen S. , Allende Prieto C. , Brooks D. , Cooper A. P. , Dawson K. S. , Macorra A. de la , Doel P. , Font-Ribera A. , García-Bellido Juan , Gontcho A Gontcho S. , Guy J. , Honscheid K. , Kehoe R. , Kisner T. , Kremin A. , Landriau M. , Le Guillou L. , Levi Michael E. , Li T. S. , Martini Paul , Miquel R. , Moustakas J. , Nie Jundan , Palanque-Delabrouille N. , Prada F. , Schlafly E. F. , Sharples Ray M. , Tarlé Gregory , Ting 丁 Yuan-Sen 源森 , Tyas L. , Valluri M. , Wechsler Risa H. , Zou H.
Published: February 2023

We present Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) observations of the inner halo of M31, which reveal the kinematics of a recent merger—a galactic immigration event—in exquisite detail. Of the 11,416 sources studied in 3.75 hr of on-sky exposure time, 7438 are M31 sources with well-measured radial velocities. The observations reveal intricate coherent kinematic structure in the positions and velocities of individual stars: streams, wedges, and chevrons. While hints of coherent structures have been previously detected in M31, this is the first time they have been seen with such detail and clarity in a galaxy beyond the Milky Way. We find clear kinematic evidence for shell structures in the Giant Stellar Stream, the Northeast Shelf, and Western Shelf regions. The kinematics are remarkably similar to the predictions of dynamical models constructed to explain the spatial morphology of the inner halo. The results are consistent with the interpretation that much of the substructure in the inner halo of M31 is produced by a single galactic immigration event 1–2 Gyr ago. Significant numbers of metal-rich stars ([Fe/H] > − 0.5) are present in all of the detected substructures, suggesting that the immigrating galaxy had an extended star formation history. We also investigate the ability of the shells and Giant Stellar Stream to constrain the gravitational potential of M31, and estimate the mass within a projected radius of 125 kpc to be

log

10

M

NFW

(
<
125

kpc
)

/

M

⊙

=

11.80

−
0.10

+
0.12

. The results herald a new era in our ability to study stars on a galactic scale and the immigration histories of galaxies.
Convection and Clouds under Different Planetary Gravities Simulated by a Small-domain Cloud-resolving Model
Authors: Liu Jiachen , Yang Jun , Zhang Yixiao , Tan Zhihong
Published: February 2023

In this study, we employ a cloud-resolving model to investigate how gravity influences convection and clouds in a small-domain (96 × 96 km) radiative–convective equilibrium. Our experiments are performed with a horizontal grid spacing of 1 km, which can resolve large (>1 km2) convective cells. We find that under a given stellar flux, sea surface temperature increases with decreasing gravity. This is because a lower-gravity planet has larger water vapor content and more clouds, resulting in a larger clear-sky greenhouse effect and a stronger cloud warming effect in the small domain. By increasing stellar flux under different gravity values, we find that the convection shifts from a quasi-steady state to an oscillatory state. In the oscillatory state, there are convection cycles with a period of several days, comprised of a short wet phase with intense surface precipitation and a dry phase with no surface precipitation. When convection shifts to the oscillatory state, the water vapor content and high-level cloud fraction increase substantially, resulting in rapid warming. After the transition to the oscillatory state, the cloud net positive radiative effect decreases with increasing stellar flux, which indicates a stabilizing climate effect. In the quasi-steady state, the atmospheric absorption features of CO2 are more detectable on lower-gravity planets because of their larger atmospheric heights. While in the oscillatory state, the high-level clouds mute almost all of the absorption features, making the atmospheric components hard to characterize.
The Hydrodynamic Evolution of Binary Black Holes Embedded within the Vertically Stratified Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Kaaz Nicholas , Schrøder Sophie Lund , Andrews Jeff J. , Antoni Andrea , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico
Published: February 2023

Stellar-mass black holes can become embedded within the disks of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Afterwards, their interactions are mediated by their gaseous surroundings. Here, we study the evolution of stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) embedded within AGN disks using three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations and analytic methods, focusing on environments where the AGN disk scale height H is ≳ the BBH sphere of influence. We model the local surroundings of the embedded BBHs using a wind tunnel formalism and characterize different accretion regimes based on the local properties of the disk. We develop prescriptions for accretion and drag for embedded BBHs. Using these prescriptions with AGN disk models that can represent the Toomre-unstable outer regions of AGN disks, we study the long-term evolution of BBHs as they migrate through the disk. We find that BBHs typically merge within ≲1–30 Myr, increasing their mass significantly in the process, allowing BBHs to enter (or cross) the pair-instability supernova mass gap. The BBH accretion rate often exceeds the Eddington limit, sometimes by several orders of magnitude. Many embedded BBHs will merge before migrating significantly in the disk. We also discuss possible electromagnetic signatures during and following the inspiral, finding that it is generally unlikely for the bolometric luminosity of the BBH to exceed the AGN luminosity.
Timing the r-process Enrichment of the Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy Reticulum II
Authors: Simon Joshua D. , Brown Thomas M. , Mutlu-Pakdil Burçin , Ji Alexander P. , Drlica-Wagner Alex , Avila Roberto J. , Martínez-Vázquez Clara E. , Li Ting S. , Balbinot Eduardo , Bechtol Keith , Frebel Anna , Geha Marla , Hansen Terese T. , James David J. , Pace Andrew B. , Aguena M. , Alves O. , Andrade-Oliveira F. , Annis J. , Bacon D. , Bertin E. , Brooks D. , Burke D. L. , Rosell A. Carnero , Kind M. Carrasco , Carretero J. , Costanzi M. , da Costa L. N. , De Vicente J. , Desai S. , Doel P. , Everett S. , Ferrero I. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Gatti M. , Gerdes D. W. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gschwend J. , Gutierrez G. , Hinton S. R. , Hollowood D. L. , Honscheid K. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Marshall J. L. , Mena-Fernández J. , Miquel R. , Palmese A. , Paz-Chinchón F. , Pereira M. E. S. , Pieres A. , Malagón A. A. Plazas , Raveri M. , Rodriguez-Monroy M. , Sanchez E. , Santiago B. , Scarpine V. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith M. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , To C. , Vincenzi M. , Weaverdyck N. , Wilkinson R. D.
Published: February 2023

The ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Reticulum II (Ret II) exhibits a unique chemical evolution history, with

72

−
12

+
10

% of its stars strongly enhanced in r-process elements. We present deep Hubble Space Telescope photometry of Ret II and analyze its star formation history. As in other ultra-faint dwarfs, the color–magnitude diagram is best fit by a model consisting of two bursts of star formation. If we assume that the bursts were instantaneous, then the older burst occurred around the epoch of reionization, forming ∼80% of the stars in the galaxy, while the remainder of the stars formed ∼3 Gyr later. When the bursts are allowed to have nonzero durations, we obtain slightly better fits. The best-fitting model in this case consists of two bursts beginning before reionization, with approximately half the stars formed in a short (100 Myr) burst and the other half in a more extended period lasting 2.6 Gyr. Considering the full set of viable star formation history models, we find that 28% of the stars formed within 500 ± 200 Myr of the onset of star formation. The combination of the star formation history and the prevalence of r-process-enhanced stars demonstrates that the r-process elements in Ret II must have been synthesized early in its initial star-forming phase. We therefore constrain the delay time between the formation of the first stars in Ret II and the r-process nucleosynthesis to be less than 500 Myr. This measurement rules out an r-process source with a delay time of several Gyr or more, such as GW170817.
A Study of Primordial Very Massive Star Evolution
Authors: Volpato Guglielmo , Marigo Paola , Costa Guglielmo , Bressan Alessandro , Trabucchi Michele , Girardi Léo
Published: February 2023

We present new evolutionary models of primordial very massive stars with initial masses ranging from 100 to 1000 M
⊙ that extend from the main sequence to the onset of dynamical instability caused by the creation of electron–positron pairs during core C, Ne, or O burning, depending on the star’s mass and metallicity. Mass loss accounts for radiation-driven winds, as well as pulsation-driven mass loss on the main sequence and during the red supergiant phase. After examining the evolutionary properties, we focus on the final outcome of the models and associated compact remnants. Stars that avoid the pair instability supernova channel should produce black holes with masses ranging from ≈40 to ≈1000 M
⊙. In particular, stars with initial masses of about 100 M
⊙ could leave black holes of ≃85–90 M
⊙, values consistent with the estimated primary black hole mass of the GW190521 merger event. Overall, these results may contribute to explaining future data from next-generation gravitational-wave detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, which will have access to an as-yet-unexplored black hole mass range of ≈102–104
M
⊙ in the early universe.
Massive Molecular Gas Companions Uncovered by Very Large Array CO(1–0) Observations of the z = 5.2 Radio Galaxy TN J0924−2201
Authors: Lee Kianhong , Kohno Kotaro , Hatsukade Bunyo , Egusa Fumi , Yamashita Takuji , Schramm Malte , Ichikawa Kohei , Imanishi Masatoshi , Izumi Takuma , Nagao Tohru , Toba Yoshiki , Umehata Hideki
Published: February 2023

We present Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array K-band (19 GHz) observations of the redshifted CO(1–0) line emission toward the radio galaxy TN J0924−2201 at z = 5.2, which is one of the most distant radio galaxies with CO detected. With an angular resolution of ∼2″, the CO(1–0) line emission is resolved into three clumps, within ±500 km s−1 relative to its redshift, which is determined by Lyα. We find that the clumps are located off-center and 12–33 kpc away from the center of the host galaxy, which has counterparts in the Hubble Space Telescope i band, Spitzer/IRAC, and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) band 6 (230 GHz; 1.3 mm). With the ALMA detection, we estimate the infrared luminosity L
IR and the star formation rate (SFR) of the host galaxy to be (9.3 ± 1.7) × 1011
L
⊙ and 110 ± 20 M
⊙ yr−1, respectively. We also derive the 3σ upper limit of

M

H

2

<
1.3
×

10

10

M
⊙ at the host galaxy. The detected CO(1–0) line luminosities of the three clumps,

L

′

CO
(
1
−
0
)

= (3.2–4.7) × 1010 K km s−1 pc2, indicate the presence of three massive molecular gas reservoirs, with

M

H

2

= (2.5–3.7) × 1010
M
⊙, assuming a CO-to-H2 conversion factor of α
CO = 0.8

M

⊙

(
K

km

s

−
1

pc

2

)

−
1

, although the SFR is not elevated due to the nondetection of the ALMA 1.3 mm continuum (SFR < 40 M
⊙ yr−1). From the host galaxy, the nearest molecular gas clump, labeled “clump A,” is apparently in alignment with the radio jet axis, showing radio–CO alignment. The origins of these three clumps around TN J0924–2201 can possibly be interpreted as outflows, mergers, or jet-induced metal enrichment.
Fonds d’impact sanitaire
Authors: Pogge Thomas
Published: February 2023

Ayant pris une portée globale en 1995 dans le cadre des accords ADPIC, les brevets de produit d’une durée de 20 ans constituent le système dominant de l’humanité pour encourager les innovations. Protégeant le monopole sur l’innovation, ce système permet aux innovateurs de récolter des marges importantes ou des frais de licence auprès des premiers utilisateurs. Le recours exclusif à ce mécanisme de rémunération dans le secteur pharmaceutique est moralement problématique pour deux raisons principales. Premièrement, il impose de lourdes charges aux personnes pauvres qui ne peuvent pas se permettre d’acheter des traitements brevetés à des prix de monopole et dont les problèmes de santé spécifiques sont donc négligés par la recherche pharmacologique. Deuxièmement, il décourage les entreprises pharmaceutiques de lutter contre les maladies au niveau de la population de sorte à réduire leur incidence. Ces problèmes peuvent être largement atténués par la mise en place d’un mécanisme de rémunération alternatif supplémentaire qui permettrait aux innovateurs pharmaceutiques d’échanger leurs privilèges de monopole sur un produit breveté contre des rémunération d’impact basées sur les gains de santé réels obtenus avec ce produit. Un tel Fonds d’impact sanitaire (Health Impact Fund – HIF) créerait de nouvelles et puissantes incitations à développer de nouveaux médicaments contre les maladies concentrées dans les pays à revenus faibles, à fournir rapidement ces nouveaux médicaments à des prix très bas et à les déployer stratégiquement pour contenir, supprimer, et idéalement éradiquer la maladie cible. En promouvant à la fois l’émergence d’innovations ainsi que leur diffusion, le HIF élargirait considérablement les bénéfices, et donc aussi le rapport coût-efficacité, du secteur pharmaceutique, principalement en faveur des pays à revenus faibles.
A novel attention-guided ECA-CNN architecture for sEMG-based gait classification
Authors: Wu Zhangjie , Gu Minming
Published: February 2023

Gait recognition and classification technology is one of the essential technologies for detecting neurodegenerative dysfunction. This paper presents a gait classification model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) with an efficient channel attention (ECA) module for gait detection applications using surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals. First, the sEMG sensor was used to collect the experimental sample data, and various gaits of different persons were collected to construct the sEMG signal data sets of different gaits. The CNN is used to extract the features of the one-dimensional input sEMG signal to obtain the feature vector, which is input into the ECA module to realize cross-channel interaction. Then, the next part of the convolutional layer is input to learn the signal features further. Finally, the model is output and tested to obtain the results. Comparative experiments show that the accuracy of the ECA-CNN network model can reach 97.75%.
A triple-spark guiding strategy to enhance the loser-out tournament-based fireworks algorithm
Authors: Li Sicheng , Zhu Junhao , Han Mingzhang , Fan Mingjie , Zhao Xinchao
Published: February 2023

Loser-out tournament-based fireworks algorithm (LoTFWA) is a new baseline of fireworks algorithm (FWA). However, its ability to search deeply in local areas and communicate among fireworks is not satisfying enough. Therefore, this paper proposes a new triple-spark guiding strategy for LoTFWA to deal with the mentioned problems. Among the three sparks generated for guiding, one is exactly the same as the original one in LoTFWA, the second one uses the centroid of good sparks to enhance the local exploitation, and the last one is based on Differential evolution (DE) mutation and used to enhance cooperation and exploration. Experimental results show that with low computational cost, the proposed guiding strategy attains significantly better results than LoTFWA and is competitive with state-of-the-art FWA variants. Furthermore, comprehensive experiments show that the proposed strategy has the potential to combine with other FWA variants to achieve better results.
Les expulsions de logement à Bruxelles : combien, qui et où ?
Authors: Godart Pernelle , Swyngedouw Eva , Criekingen Mathieu Van , Heur Bas van
Published: February 2023

Combien de ménages sont-ils expulsés de leur logement chaque année à Bruxelles ? Que sait-on du profil des locataires expulsés et des bailleurs ayant requis une expulsion ? Certaines parties de la ville sont-elles plus touchées que d’autres ? Alors qu’elles constituent un cas extrême de privation du droit au logement, les expulsions de logement à Bruxelles y sont encore très peu documentées. Cet article vise à pallier ce manque de connaissances en fournissant une photographie complète des expulsions judiciaires sur une année (2018) pour l’ensemble de la Région bruxelloise. Les résultats obtenus soulignent l’importance de questionner l’absence de production institutionnelle de données sur les expulsions de logement, dans une ville où la production et l’allocation des logements est largement dominée par des mécanismes de marché.
Labor Migrants at Risk: Formal and Informal Insurance Strategies among Central Asians in Moscow
Authors: Pellet Sandra , Talancé Marine de
Published: February 2023

This article studies formal and informal risk-mitigating practices among Central Asian labor migrants in Moscow. The migration context is inherently uncertain, implying that migrants may try to protect themselves against potential risks by resorting to insurance mechanisms. However, migration is a unique situation that raises a number of questions. First of all, do formal protective institutions or insurance markets exist in the country of arrival? Secondly, if state or market insurance schemes exist, are they accessible to all migrants? What do at-risk labor migrants do when they cannot rely on formal schemes? Central Asian people are used to relying on social networks and informal practices in their home country. Previous articles have shown that these informal networks may be transposed in a migratory context, suggesting that informal risk-mitigating practices can be a substitute for formal insurance schemes and act as a social safety net for precarious migrants not covered by social security or insurance contracts. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between informal and formal insurance schemes and whether these can act as a substitute or complement among Tajikistani and Uzbekistani migrants, based on a survey of 1,213 labor migrants in Moscow.
Médias audiovisuels et diasporas africaines en France : des enjeux de la représentation aux défis de la production
Authors: Jedlowski Alessandro
Published: February 2023

Ce texte propose un bilan des études menées les vingt dernières années sur la présence des diasporas africaines sur les écrans français, mettant prioritairement l’accent sur les études qui s’intéressent aux médias audiovisuels de divertissement (émissions de télévision, films, séries). Il propose une réflexion basée sur la prise en compte combinée de trois différentes approches : l’analyse de contenus (dominante dans les recherches publiées jusqu’à aujourd’hui), l’étude des pratiques de réception mises en place par les minorités, et l’étude de la place de ces groupes dans les processus de production. La question de présences noires à l’écran reste d’actualité encore aujourd’hui, et un des objectifs du bilan présenté ici est d’ouvrir l’espace à l’émergence de nouvelles recherches capable d’affiner notre compréhension des spécificités historiques et politiques du contexte français, sur la base d’une connaissance approfondie des réflexions déjà proposées par d’autres chercheurs, et de leurs zones d’ombre.
Low Power Discrete Time Delta Sigma Modulator for Remote Healthcare Devices
Authors: Laouej Dalila , Daoud Houda , Daoud Maissa , Loulou Mourad
Published: February 2023

This chapter presents an ultra-low-power discrete time (DT) second order feedforward (FF) delta sigma (ΔΣ) modulator using an optimizer bulk-driven operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The designed modulator was suitable for non-implantable biomedical devices in the 2.4GHz ISM band for IEEE 802.15.1/Bluetooth standard. The used OTA was optimized using the PSO algorithm for designing a 2nd order FF ΔΣ modulator. Using TSMC 0.18µm CMOS process, the designed OTA achieves a 40.1dB of DC gain and a 380MHz of GBW while consuming only 10µW under ±0.5V. The modulator has been implemented with an OSR of 50, a signal bandwidth of 0.5MHz, and a sampling frequency of 50MHz with an input signal magnitude of -6.37dBFS. It attains a peak SNR of 55.63dB and a resolution of 8.94bits with a total power consumption of 20µW under ±0.5V supply voltage.
Assessing Israel's Trinity in Ensuring Security and Defence
Authors: Baig Muhammad Ali
Published: February 2023

Since its controversial creation in April 1948, Israel has faced conventionally symmetric as well as asymmetric and irregular threats emanating from various sources. The Israel Defense Forces remarkably overwhelmed its Arab counterparts in three conventional limited wars. However, fighting for their former homeland, the nationalism-driven Palestinians and violent actors other than state (AOTSs) created new challenges for Israel. Palestinians with close proximity to Israel employed improvised arsenal, especially rockets and shoulder launched weapons to inflict damage, death, and destruction on Israeli civilians and military. Israel responded with brutal military operations and offensive measures to prevent as well as avenge the loss of its military and civilians. The study is a concentrated effort in analysing Israel's Trinity comprising of weapon systems such as Iron Dome, Iron Fist, and armed unmanned aerial vehicles in its endeavour to countering threats.
Redressing a Balance Between Security and Civil Liberty
Authors: Bilici İlhan
Published: February 2023

The violent non-state actors (VNSAs) are one of the non-state actors that poses a new and challenging threat to the national security of liberal nations. Considering that the threats from terrorism, which is among the most significant categories of the VNSAs, this paper deals with the notion that a new balance between security and liberty should be articulated, sustained, and ensured. Taking such a contestation into account, the purpose of this chapter is to investigate how security and civil liberty are inextricably linked. It was aimed to point out why it is reasonable for liberal states to enhance regulations so as to protect citizens from the acts of terrorism. It is, however, also crucial for states that all of these measures must be proportionate and adhere to the standards of the rule of law.
A Supervised Learning-Based Framework for Predicting COVID-19 in Patients
Authors: Songara Ankit , Dhiman Pankaj , Sharma Vipal Kumar , Kumar Karan
Published: February 2023

The integration of ML and loT can provide insightful details for critical decision making, automated responses, etc. Predicting future trends and detecting anomalies are some of the areas where loT and ML are being used at a rapid rate. Machine learning can help decode the hidden patterns in IoT data. It may complement or replace manual processes in critical areas with automated systems that use statistically derived behavior. In healthcare, wearable sensors used for tracking patient activity have been continuously producing a staggering amount of data. This paper proposes an IoT-based scalable architecture for detecting COVID-19-positive patients and storing and processing such massive amount of data on the cloud. The proposed architecture also employs machine learning algorithms for correct classification of patients. The proposed architecture employs gradient boosting classifier method for early detection of COVID-19 in the patient's body. In order to make the architecture scalable and faster in terms of computational power, the architecture employs cloud computing for data storage.
Analysis on the Steps of Physical Education Teaching Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Dong Aixia
Published: February 2023

The rapid progress of the internet of things and artificial intelligence has brought new opportunities for the construction and development of intelligent sports. This paper designs an analysis and evaluation system of physical education teaching steps based on deep learning technology. The intelligent wearable devices are used to conduct real-time dynamic monitoring of students' exercise steps and heart rate in class so as to build a sports teaching activity data set. The authors analyze the time step sequence based on transformer deep model to realize the estimation of motion effect. In addition, they propose a hierarchical fusion model based on transformer, which makes full use of the steps and heart rate information to predict the abnormal situation in physical education. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the system.
Sport Fatigue Monitoring and Analyzing Through Multi-Source Sensors
Authors: Wang Jiya , Meng Huan
Published: February 2023

During the process of daily training or competition, athletes may suffer the situation that the load exceeds the body's bearing capacity, which makes the body's physiological function temporarily decline. It is one of the characteristics of sports fatigue. Continuous sports fatigue may incur permanent damage to the athletes if they cannot timely get enough rest to recover. In order to solve this issue and improve the quality of athlete's daily training, this paper establish a fatigue monitoring system by using multi-source sensors. First, the sEMG signals of athlete are collected by multi-source sensors which are installed in a wearable device. Second, the collected sEMG signals are segmented by using fixed window to be converted as Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs). Third, the MFCC features are used learn a Gaussian processing model which is used to monitor future muscle fatigue status. The experiments show that the proposed system can recognize more than 90% muscle fatigue states.
The Catalytic Role of Mobile Banking to Improve Financial Inclusion in Developing Countries
Authors: Muchandigona Ana Kundai , Kalema Billy Mathias
Published: February 2023

Financial inclusion is challenged by numerous factors that include country regulations and policies, poor infrastructure, lack of financial education and literacy, low income levels, political instability, geographical barriers, reluctance by banks to change from traditional banking models of branch networks, and expensive technology. These challenges could be addressed by leveraging technological innovations like mBanking; however, literature indicates that there is limited understanding of integrating mobile technology into banking to enhance financial inclusion. The study collected data from Vhembe District Municipality in South Africa. Results indicated that of the 17 factors tested, 14 were significant for using mBanking to improve financial inclusion. The study recommends that for financial inclusion improvement, developing countries should design realistic policies and strategies that could enable the use of mBanking, especially mobile money and agent banking, that can reach a wider population at low cost.