bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Identification Using Feature-Based Machine Learning Classification Model
Authors: Novianto Anton , Anasanti Mila Desi
Published: September 2023

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that impairs the development of behaviors, communication, and learning abilities. Early detection of ASD helps patients to get beter training to communicate and interact with others. In this study, we identified ASD and non-ASD individuals using machine learning (ML) approaches. We used Gaussian naive Bayes (NB), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), Gaussian naive Bayes (NB), support vector machine (SVM) with linear basis function and decision tree (DT). We preprocessed the data using the imputation methods, namely linear regression, Mice forest, and Missforest. We selected the important features using the Simultaneous perturbation feature selection and ranking (SpFSR) technique from all 21 ASD features of three datasets combined (N=1,100 individuals) from University California Irvine (UCI) repository. We evaluated the performance of the method's discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility using a stratified 10-fold cross-validation method. We achieved the highest accuracy possible by using SVM with selected the most important 10 features. We observed the integration of imputation using linear regression, SpFSR and SVM as the most effective models, with an accuracy rate of 100% outperformed the previous studies in ASD prediciton
Flower Pollination Inspired Algorithm on Exchange Rates Prediction Case
Authors: Trisna I Nyoman Prayana , Afiahayati Afiahayati , Auzan Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Flower pollination algorithm is a bio-inspired system that adapts a similar process to genetic algorithm, that aims for optimization problems. In this research, we examine the utilization of the flower pollination algorithm in linear regression for currency exchange cases. The solutions are represented as a set that contains regression coefficients. Population size for the candidate solutions and the switch probability between global pollination and local pollination have been experimented with in this research. Our result shows that the final solution is better when a higher size population and higher switch probability are employed. Furthermore, our result shows the higher size of the population leads to considerable running time, where the leaning probability of global pollination slightly increases the running time.
Deep Learning Approaches for Nusantara Scripts Optical Character Recognition
Authors: Prasetiadi Agi , Saputra Julian , Kresna Iqsyahiro , Ramadhanti Imada
Published: September 2023

The number of speakers of regional languages who are able to read and to write traditional scripts in Indonesia is decreasing. If left unaddressed, this will lead to the extinction of Nusantara scripts and it is not impossible that their reading methods will be forgotten in the future. To anticipate this, this study aims to preserve the knowledge of reading ancient scripts by developing a Deep Learning model that can read document images written using one of the 10 Nusantara scripts we have collected: Bali, Batak, Bugis, Javanese, Kawi, Kerinci, Lampung, Pallava, Rejang, and Sundanese. While previous studies have made efforts to read traditional Nusantara scripts using various Machine Learning and Convolutional Neural Network algorithms, they have primarily focused on specific scripts and lacked an integrated approach from script type recognition to character recognition. This study is the first to comprehensively address the entire range of Nusantara scripts, encompassing script type detection and character recognition. Convolutional Neural Network, ConvMixer, and Visual Transformer models were utilized and their respective performances were compared. The results demonstrate that our models achieved 96% accuracy in classifying Nusantara script types, with character recognition accuracy ranging from 93% to approximately 100% across the ten scripts.
Inovasi Centrifuge Alternatif dari Motor Kipas Angin untuk Preparasi Pengujian Berbagai Sampel di Laboratorium
Authors: Indrawati Yeni , Amoryna Dyni
Published: September 2023

Centrifuge alternatif dari motor kipas angin dengan kebaruan rancangan dan peralatan yang digunakan berupa motor kipas angin, rotor centrifuge yang dirancang dengan kemiringan 30° dan selongsong rotor menggunakan spuit 20 cc. Penelitian dilakukan karena terbatasnya instrumentasi yang menunjang kegiatan pengelolaan laboratorium. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat inovasi centrifuge alternatif dengan menggunakan motor kipas angin yang bisa diaplikasikan untuk preparasi berbagai sampel dilaboratorium. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen dan analisa data secara deskriptif. Dilakukan perancangan centrifuge menggunakan motor kipas angin, perancangan rotor centrifuge dengan bahan plat besi yang didesain menggunakan mesin CNC. Selanjutnya perakitan, uji coba dan pengujian terhadap beberapa sampel. Uji coba dilakukan terhadap sampel tanah, katalis Ni.CaO dan urin dengan kecepatan putaran 1400 rpm, diamati volume cairan dan padatan hasil preparasi dan Gambaran mikroskopis selanjutnya dilakukan komparasi hasil antara centrifuge alternatif hasil rancangan dengan centrifuge pabrikan. Dari pengujian dan pengamatan, centrifuge alternatif hasil rancangan bisa dipergunakan untuk preparasi sampel tanah, katalis NI.CaO dan urin diperoleh hasil yang hampir sama dengan centrifuge pabrikan dan bisa digunakan untuk kegiatan dilaboratorium.
Evaluasi Waktu Pengeringan pada Metode Freeze Drying terhadap Karakteristik Kacang Tanah, Bawang Putih dan Tomat Menggunakan Alat Labconco FreeZone 2.5 L
Authors: Prasetya Wahyu , Yastanto Anang Juni
Published: September 2023

Pengeringan dengan metode beku atau biasa disebut freeze drying menjadi salah satu alternatif pengeringan yang dianggap baik untuk mempertahankan kualitas sampel. Laboratorium Rekayasa Proses salah satu laboratorium yang memfasilitasi penggunaan alat untuk proses pengeringan dengan metode freeze drying. Alat freeze drying yang digunakan ialah Labconco tipe Freezone 2.5 L. Selama ini pengeringan dilakukan secara bersama-sama untuk berbagai macam sampel dengan kadar air yang berbeda selama 2 hari dengan kisaran waktu 30-32 jam. Proses ini tentunya perlu dilakukan evaluasi, apakah kondisi sampel yang berbeda namun dilakukan pengeringan dengan waktu yang sama, didapatkan hasil yang diharapkan oleh peneliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan waktu optimal yang dapat digunakan pada pengeringan menggunakan freeze dryer Labconco FreeZone 2.5 L berdasarkan kadar air sampel yang berbeda. Sampel dibekukan kurang lebih selama 24 jam sebelum dilakukan pengeringan dengan freeze dryer, selanjutnya sampel dimasukan ke Labconco FreeZone 2.5 L. Proses pengeringan dilakukan dengan variasi waktu 24, 36 dan 48 jam. Sementara untuk uji kadar air dilakukan dengan mengacu pada metode AOAC 960.52. Hasil menunjukan bahwa pada pengeringan dengan waktu 24 jam, sampel kacang tanah, bawang putih dan tomat berturut-turut memiliki rata-rata kadar air 4,13%±0,28; 25,88%±0,20 dan 38,16%±0,13. Kemudian pengeringan dengan waktu 36 jam berturut-turut rata-rata kadar air menjadi 2,86%±0,01; 8,53%±0,15 dan 29,71%±0,07. Sementara hasil pengeringan dengan waktu 48 berturut-turut rata-rata kadar air sampel 2,62%±0,14; 3,94%±0,92 dan 12,92%±0,09. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sampel kacang tanah kering dengan waktu 24 jam, kemudian sampel bawang putih kering dengan waktu 36 jam, sementara untuk sampel tomat kering dengan waktu pengeringan minimal 48 jam.
Rancang Bangun Alat Uji Model Fondasi Sebagai Penunjang Penelitian Di Laboratorium Mekanika Tanah
Authors: Suratman Suratman
Published: September 2023

Provinsi Riau merupakan daerah dengan demografi berada di wilayah pesisir timur Sumatera. Berdasarkan letak geografisnya tanah di provinsi Riau didominasi berupa tanah lunak. Struktur fondasi merupakan salah satu fokus penelitian di laboratorium mekanika tanah pada jurusan teknik sipil Universitas Riau. Untuk menunjang penelitian memerlukan sebuah alat pengujian  model fondasi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka dalam penelitian ini dirancang sebuah model pengujian fondasi yang dikombinasikan dengan alat yang tersedia di laboratorium. Metode penelitian ini berupa eksperimen dan rancang bangun model alat pengujian fondasi berupa bak yang terbuat dari pelat dengan rangka besi. Bak ini akan berfungsi sebagai tempat sampel tanah sebagai media penanaman model fondasi tiang. Pengukuran beban fondasi digunakan alat CBR lapangan  dengan sedikit modifikasi. Unjuk kinerja alat dilakukan setelah tahapan perancangan dan pembuatan model alat. Pengujian unjuk kinerja terhadap model alat pengujian fondasi dilakukan dengan melakukan pengujian model fondasi tiang yang terbuat dari mortar beton dengan diameter 3 cm dan panjang penanaman 30 cm. Tahapan unjuk kinerja alat ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah rancangan model alat berfungsi dengan baik. Diharapkan hasil rancang bangun alat ini bermanfaat untuk menunjang penelitian di laboratorium Mekanika Tanah Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Riau.Hasil pengujian menunjukan konsistensi hasil pengukuran dengan nilai daya dukung fondasi tiang sebesar 40,61 – 42,82 N. Dengan hasil yang konsisten ini mengindikasikan bahwa alat hasil rancang bangun model fondasi dengan menggunakan alat CBR lapangan berfungsi dengan baik sehingga dimanfaatkan oleh peneliti sebagai alat pengujian model fondasi.
Uji Efektifitas Perasan Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia.S) Sebagai Hand Sanitizer Alami Terhadap Daya Hambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri
Authors: Poejiani Soeyati
Published: September 2023

Perasan jeruk nipis mengandung beberapa bahan aktif utama yang dapat berperan sebagai antibakteri meliputi flavonoid, asam sitrat, dan limonen. Acinetobacter baumannii adalah bakteri berbentuk batang tergolong bakteri Gram-negatif yang mempunyai sifat aerob, tidak bergerak atau non-motil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektifitas perasan jeruk nipis sebagai hand sanitizer alami terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan bakteri Acinetobacter baumannii. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode difusi cakram dimana aktifitas antibakteri dari perasan jeruk nipis ditentukan oleh konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM). Variasi konsentrasi yang digunakan adalah 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 0% (kontrol negatif), dish Meropenem 10µg( kontrol positif). Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh KHM perasan jeruk nipis pada konsentrasi 10%. Data pengujian zona hambat dianalisis menggunakan One Way Annova. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil, bahwa KHM perasan jeruk nipis pada konsentrasi 10% menunjukan zona hambat 7,74 mm lebih luas dibandingkan antibiotik Meropenem 10µg dengan zona hambat 6 mm Testing The Effectiveness of Lime Juice (Citrus aurantifolia.S) as a Natural Hand Sanitizer Against The Growth Inhibitory of The BacteriaLime juice contains several main active ingredients that can act as antibacterial including flavonoids, citric acid, and limonene. Acinetobacter baumannii is a rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the Gram-negative bacteria which has aerobic, immobile or non-motile. This purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of lime juice as a natural hand sanitizer against the growth inhibition of Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria. The research used the disc diffusion method in which the bacterial activity of lime juice was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Various concentration used were 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 0% (negative control), 10µg Meropenem dish (positive control). Based on the research obtained MIC of lime juice at a concentration of 10%. Inhibition zone test data were analyzed using One Way Annova. The research showed the results, that the MIC of lime juice at a concentration of 10% showed an inhibition zone of 7.74 mm wider than the antibiotic Meropenem 10µg with an inhibition zone of 6 mm.
Investigasi Kinerja Relai Proteksi Saluran Transmisi dengan Kompensator Seri
Authors: Nanang Rohadi  , Nendi Suhendi
Published: September 2023

Makalah ini bertujuan melakukan investigasi terhadap hasil pengukuran impedansi gangguan lingkar tertutup oleh algoritma relai jarak konvensional (tipe distance relay SEL-421) ketika digunakan sebagai alat proteksi pada saluran transmisi dengan kompensator seri dan sejumlah parameter ketidakpastian (faktor). Sejumlah faktor dari sistem dapat muncul secara bersamaan dan keberadaan kompensator seri dapat memengaruhi kinerja algoritma relai, terutama pada gangguan fase ke tanah. Sejumlah investigasi terhadap kinerja relai telah dilakukan. Namun, metode pengujian yang dikembangkan  hanya mengubah satu faktor, dengan faktor lain dijaga konstan pada waktu bersamaan. Teknik ini tidak lagi relevan ketika tidak mempertimbangkan sejumlah faktor secara bersamaan, sehingga dapat memengaruhi kinerja relai saat terjadi gangguan. Untuk keperluan investigasi algoritma seperti dalam kondisi nyata, sejumlah skenario gangguan perlu dilakukan pada titik gangguan sebelum dan setelah kompensator seri, sambil sekaligus melakukan perubahan nilai dari sejumlah faktor pada model sistem secara bersamaan melalui simulasi gangguan. Pada penelitian ini, perangkat lunak DIgSILENT PowerFactory digunakan dalam pemodelan sistem daya dan simulasi gangguan. Rangkaian ekivalen Thevenin dengan dua sumber dan kompensator seri sebesar 42% diletakkan di tengah saluran transmisi sepanjang 300 km dengan tegangan sistem 400 kV untuk simulasi pengujian gangguan. Sejumlah skenario gangguan dan perhitungan impedansi gangguan sebagai fungsi perubahan nilai dari sejumlah faktor dilakukan secara otomatis. Simulasi pengujian otomatis  dikembangkan melalui DIgSILENT Programming Language (DPL) untuk melakukan pembacaan sampel data yang dibangkitkan melalui perangkat lunak SIMLAB untuk sejumlah faktor.  Kinerja algoritma relai untuk perhitungan impedansi gangguan tidak dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan kompensator seri ketika gangguan terjadi sebelum kompensator, tetapi sebaliknya ketika gangguan terjadi setelah kompensator. Pengubahan sejumlah faktor secara bersamaan memengaruhi akurasi relai dan menyebabkan kinerja relai memburuk untuk gangguan setelah kompensator, yaitu terjadinya kegagalan operasi relai berupa underreaching dan overreaching. Teknik pengujian yang dikembangkan diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu pengujian terkini untuk pengembangaan dan implementasi relai secara tepat dan seperti pada kondisi nyata.
Ultrasound Probe Calibration Method of Single-Wire Phantom Using Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm
Authors: Tri Arief Sardjono  , Eko Mulyanto Yuniarno  , I Made Gede Sunarya  , I Ketut Eddy Purnama  , Mauridhi Hery Purnomo  , Norma Hermawan
Published: September 2023

A freehand three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound system is a method of acquiring images using a 3D ultrasound probe or conventional two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound probe to give a 3D visualization of an object inside the body. Ultrasounds are used extensively in clinical applications since they are advantageous in that they do not bring dangerous radiation effects and have a low cost. However, a probe calibration method is needed to transform the coordinate position into a 3D visualization display, especially for image-guided intervention. The current ultrasound probe calibration system usually uses the numerical regression method for the N-wire phantom, which has problems in accuracy and reliability due to nonlinear point scattered ultrasound image data. Hence, a method for ultrasound probe positional calibration of single-wire phantom using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA) was proposed to overcome this weakness. This experiment consisted of an optical tracking system setup, a 2D ultrasound probe with marker, an ultrasound machine, and a single-wire object in a water container equipped with a marker. The position and orientation of the marker in a 2D ultrasound probe and the marker in the water container were tracked using the optical tracking system. A 2D ultrasound probe was equipped with a marker connected wirelessly using an optical tracking system to capture the single-wire object. The resulting sequences of 2D ultrasound images were reconstructed and visualized into 3D ultrasound images using three transformations, ultrasound beam to ultrasound probe’s marker, single-wire phantom position to container’s marker, and the 3D visualization transformation. The LMA was used to determine the best optimization parameters for determining the exact position and representing that 3D visualization. The experiment result showed that the lowest mean square error (MSE), rotation error, and translation error were 0.45 mm, 0.25°, and 0.3828 mm, respectively.
Pengaruh Synonym Recognition dalam Deteksi Kemiripan Teks Menggunakan Winnowing dan Cosine Similarity
Authors: Santi Purwaningrum  , Agus Susanto  , Ari Kristiningsih
Published: September 2023

Plagiarisme adalah tindakan meniru dan mengutip bahkan menyalin atau mengakui hasil karya orang lain sebagai hasil karya diri sendiri. Tugas akhir merupakan salah satu syarat wajib mahasiswa untuk menyelesaikan pembelajaran pada perguruan tinggi. Tugas akhir harus disusun mahasiswa berdasarkan ide sendiri. Akan tetapi, banyak terjadi plagiarisme karena mudahnya melakukan kegiatan tersebut, yaitu hanya dengan menyalin teks gagasan orang lain kemudian ditempelkan dalam lembar kerja dan diakui bahwa gagasan tersebut adalah ide sendiri. Selain itu, mengganti beberapa kata dalam kalimat gagasan orang lain dengan gaya bahasa sendiri tanpa menuliskan sumber aslinya juga termasuk plagiarisme. Pengecekan tugas akhir yang masih manual juga menjadi masalah bagi koordinator tugas akhir, yang membutuhkan ketelitian tinggi dan waktu yang cukup banyak untuk mengecek plagiarime pada dokumen tugas akhir. Maka, deteksi plagiarisme sangat dibutuhkan untuk mencegah tindakan plagiarisme makin berkembang. Menyikapi hal tersebut, penelitian ini bermaksud mengembangkan sistem yang dapat mendeteksi persamaan antardokumen teks yang berfokus pada kata yang mengandung sinonim pada suatu kalimat. Salah satu algoritma yang digunakan adalah synonym recognition, yang berfungsi untuk mendeteksi kata yang mengandung sinonim, dengan proses membandingkan setiap kata dengan kata yang terdapat pada kamus. Synonym recognition dikombinasikan dengan metode winnowing, yang berfungsi untuk pembobotan teks berbasis fingerprint. Setelah diperoleh bobot dari masing-masing dokumen, tingkat kemiripan antardokumen dihitung dengan algoritma cosine similarity. Hasil rata-rata nilai kemiripan untuk deteksi judul dan abstrak dengan menambahkan synonym recognition meningkat sebesar 3,11% daripada tanpa menggunakan synonym recognition yang dikombinasikan dengan metode pembobotan winnowing. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa algoritma-algoritma yang digunakan akurat dengan pengujian akurasi dan root mean squared error (RMSE).
Strategi Peningkatan Kinerja DC Microgrid dengan Konfigurasi DC/AC Coupling
Authors: Adhi Kusmantoro  , Ardyono Priyadi
Published: September 2023

DC microgrid menjadi solusi yang baik untuk meningkatkan permintaan beban listrik dan merupakan cara yang efektif untuk memanfaatkan sumber energi terbarukan ke dalam sistem pembangkit terdistribusi. Energi matahari mempunyai sifat terputus-putus ketika digunakan dalam DC microgrid. Dalam penelitian sebelumnya, untuk mengatasi fluktuasi daya keluaran photovoltaic (PV) array, baterai digunakan sebagai cadangan energi. Namun, penggunaan banyak baterai membutuhkan biaya yang besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi fluktuasi daya pada DC bus ketika sumber DC microgrid dari PV array dan baterai terputus. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan simulasi MATLAB, dengan merancang konfigurasi campuran (hybrid) DC/AC coupling. Pada konfigurasi ini, digunakan dua PV array sebagai sumber, dua multibaterai, dan jaringan utilitas. Pengaturan DC microgrid dilakukan secara terpisah oleh masing-masing konverter dengan mengirim sinyal referensi ke kontrol konverter. Pada kondisi pertama, beban DC dan beban AC disuplai dari PV array, pada kondisi kedua, beban disuplai dari baterai, sedangkan pada kondisi ketiga, beban disuplai dari jaringan utilitas. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa ketika sumber PV array digunakan, tegangan DC bus tetap stabil 48 V, walaupun terjadi lonjakan pada pukul 08.00 dan pukul 15.00. Demikian juga ketika digunakan sumber baterai dan jaringan utilitas, tegangan DC bus dipertahankan pada level 48 V. Dalam penelitian ini, dengan tiga kondisi atau mode, DC microgrid mampu menyuplai beban tanpa terputus. Oleh karena itu, konfigurasi campuran DC microgrid mampu menyediakan daya listrik secara terus menerus.
STUDY OF CLINICO-LABORATORY PROFILE IN ENTERIC FEVER AT TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN RAJASTHAN
Authors: UPADHYAYA ALOK  , MANDAVAT SAKSHI  , JAIN PANKAJ  , VISHNU AGARWAL
Published: September 2023

Objective: The objective is to know the clinical profile of hospitalized patients with enteric fever and study the association of those clinical profiles with laboratory investigations.
Methods: It was a hospital-based, prospective, cross-sectional, observational study, performed in the Department of Paediatric Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, over a period of 1 year from May 2021 to November 2022 to know the clinical profile of hospitalized patients of enteric fever and study association of that clinical profile with laboratory investigations. Prior permission from the institutional ethical committee was obtained. This study included a total of 100 children diagnosed with enteric fever.
Results: Among study participants, the most common symptoms were fever (95), vomiting (39) and diarrhea (32). Other symptoms were pain abdomen (31), cough (23), anorexia (16), and headache (13). Among the signs, pallor was present in 26, icterus in 17, and hepato-splenomegaly in 16 children. Various hematological abnormalities found were as follows-leucopenia (87), leukocytosis (27), thrombocytopenia (16), pancytopenia (6), eosinopenia (66), and anemia (53). Hyponatremia and hypokalemia were found in 16 and 17 participants, respectively. Transaminitis was present in 32 participants. Mean Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase was 48.6±65.2 and 48.9±71.8 IU/L, respectively. Positive C-reactive protein was found in 84 participants and blood culture was positive in 61 children. Among study participants various complications found were hepatitis, and bronchitis in 10 participants each followed by bronchopneumonia and encephalopathy in 2 participants each.
CORRELATION OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND CT WITH HISTOPATHOLOGY IN DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS
Authors: JASWINDER KAUR MOHI  , POONAM TORAY  , ASHWANI KUMAR  , AMANJEET KAUR
Published: September 2023

Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the ultrasound and contrast enhanced computed tomography scan in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) and subject all patients clinically suspected of AA to both ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) whole Abdomen.
Methods: It was a prospective and observational study carried on 50 patients with clinical diagnosis of AA, presenting to the surgery emergency ward and referred to Department of Radiodiagnosis, Rajindra Hospital, Patiala.
Results and Conclusions: CT scan has more diagnostic accuracy than ultrasonography. The ultrasound (US) accuracy was 84%, sensitivity was 89.13% and specificity was 75%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 97%, and negative predictive values (NPV) was 37%. Comparing US to CT imaging, this study showed better performance for CT imaging which was 90% accurate, 97.83 sensitive and 100% specific, with PPV of 100% and NPV of 80%.
INCIDENCE OF ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS IN CASES OF THE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION WITH ITS CLINICAL COURSE AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: PARAS KUMAR PANDOVE  , ROMMEL SINGH MOHI  , PARVEEN KUMAR
Published: September 2023

Objective: Intestinal obstruction occurs due to the failure of passage of contents through intestine. It can be because of a mechanical or functional pathology. Main causes of intestinal obstruction may vary from country to country or among zones within a specific country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the etiology, presentation, management strategies, and patients with acute mechanical intestinal obstruction and to find incidence of abdominal tuberculosis at a tertiary care hospital in Punjab, North India.
 Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Rajindra Medical College Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India, between November 2020 and September 2022. A total of 100 patients were enrolled in our study who were diagnosed to have intestinal obstruction.
Observation and Results: The most common age group affected was 21–50 years (63%). Intestinal obstruction was diagnosed with males preponderance (66%). Abdominal pain, constipation, and vomiting were the most common presenting symptoms and abdominal distension was the most common physical finding on the clinical examination. The most common radiological finding was multiple air fluid levels seen on X rays. The main cause of obstruction was Adhesions and Bands followed by Ileocecal tuberculosis. About 13% patients diagnosed with abdominal tuberculosis. Patients showed good response to anti-tubercular therapy. About 6% mortality rate was reported.
Conclusion: Adhesions and bands were the main causes of acute intestinal obstruction in our region. An algorithmic diagnostic approach based on different radio investigations, biopsy, and appropriate management with a rational combination of anti-tubercular therapy can reduce the morbidity of this easily curable yet potentially lethal disease.
EVALUATION OF MEAN PLATELET VOLUME LEVEL AS A BIOMARKER IN ACUTE APPENDICITIS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: ASHISH JAWARKAR  , HIREN VAGHELA  , KETAN MANGUKIYA
Published: September 2023

Objective: This study aims to investigate the diagnostic value of mean platelet volume (MPV) in early diagnosis of acute appendicitis cases in children and adolescents.
Methods: 50 patients with the age of ≤20 years were chosen retrospectively from the case files of the patients admitted to the hospital between May 2021 and May 2022 in whom the definite diagnosis of acute appendicitis was confirmed with postoperative pathological examination. This group was labeled as case group. The control group consists of 50 patients with the age of ≤20 years who came for the regular health checkups at our institute. All blood samples were analyzed for complete blood count that includes MPV also in a fully automated 6-part hematology cell counter. These data of both the groups were analyzed statically to calculate p value using the online Student’s t-test calculator. The value p<0.05 is considered to be statistically significant.
Results: Majority of acute Appendicitis cases (n=30, 60%) belong to 16–20 years, followed by 24% in 11–15-year-age group. The mean age was 14.96±2.75 years. According to gender, 66% (n=33) were male. The mean platelet count in the case of group was 3.10±0.5 Lakhs/ml whereas in the case of Group was 2.86±0.7 lakhs/mL. There was no statistically significant difference among the group with respect to platelet count (p=0.188 >0.05) The MPV in the case of case Group was 7.92±0.3 fL whereas in the case of the control group was 8.62±0.4 fL. There was a statistically significant difference among the in terms of MPV (p=0.04 <0.05).
Conclusion: The diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children and adolescents is aided by a decrease in MPV. The rate of negative appendectomy in children and adolescents with suspected acute appendicitis may decrease if the clinician pays attention to the MPV (which is determined routinely as a part of automated count) alongside other parameters and clinical evaluations.
CONSUMPTION OF HYPERLIPIDEMIC DIET AND WATER INTAKE IN ALBINO RATS TREATED WITH ECLIPTA ALBA – ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER
Authors: SATHEESH NAIK K  , RAMANATH B  , BHEEMSHETTY S PATIL  , SADHU LOKANADHAM
Published: September 2023

Objective: A high-fat (HF) diet described as higher calories generating from fat instead of carbohydrate or protein. HF usually diets a typical low-carbohydrate diet.
Methods: Thirty adult Albino rats of Wistar strain accurately weighing between 165 and 215 g utilized for the present the study. As per CPCSEA guidelines, the protocol was approved by the institutional animal ethical committee no. BMCH/IAEC/01 Anat/2015 dated June 4, 2015. Animals were maintained and fed with standard rat chow, HF diet, and clean drinking water ad libitum, commercially available and manufactured by the National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad.
Results: Rate of food consumption increased in rats fed with the HF diet for 8 weeks and decreased significantly in rats treated with Eclipta alba for 1, 2, and 3 weeks progressively compared to control group. Water intake increased in the rats fed with an HF diet (43±2.1) compared to rats fed with a normal diet, decreased significantly in the rats treated with E. alba (31±1.4) compared to the HF diet-fed animals.
Conclusion: The rate of food consumption increased in rats fed with the HF diet for 8 weeks and decreased significantly in rats treated with E. alba for 1, 2, and 3 weeks progressively compared to control group. Water intake increased in the rats fed with an HF diet compared to rats fed with a normal diet, decreased significantly in the rats treated with E. alba compared to the HF diet-fed animals
CORRELATION OF CA 15.3 LEVELS WITH METASTASIS IN BREAST CANCER
Authors: KARTHIKHAEYAN TR  , ASWIN KARTHIK PERIASAMY  , ANKITKUMAR SHARMA
Published: September 2023

Objectives: The objective is to measure the serum levels of Cancer Antigen CA 15.3 in breast cancer patients with metastasis and without metastasis and compare the mean values between them. The study investigated the correlation between CA 15.3 levels and metastasis in breast cancer.
Methods: The study was conducted with 45 female patients in a tertiary care center in India, and metastatic evaluation was done using positron emission tomography–computed tomography.
Results: The results indicated that CA 15.3 levels were significantly higher in the metastatic group compared to the non-metastatic group.
Conclusion: CA 15.3 has the potential as a diagnostic tool for early detection of metastases in breast cancer patients.
PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF BIPOLAR HEMIARTHROPLASTY VERSUS TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH FRACTURE OF THE NECK OF FEMUR BY USING HARRIS HIP SCORE
Authors: SHELENDRA SAIYAM  , KISHOR UIKEY  , MONA BHALAVI  , YOGESHWAR JAMRE
Published: September 2023

Objectives: Prospectively study of the functional outcome of bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA) versus total hip replacement in elderly patients with fracture of the neck of the femur using Harris Hip Score (HHS).
Methods: This prospective study was conducted in January 2020, in the Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Centre in J.A. Group of Hospitals, Gwalior (M.P.). 30 patients based on inclusion criteria, Garden type 3 and 4 intracapsular femoral neck fractures in the age group of 60 years and above, with independent ambulation before the injury and requirement of high functional demand activity to be treated with either BHA or THR. Functional assessment was made using HHSs at 14 day, 3 month, and 6 month, post-operatively.
Results: This study shows the advantage of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the recovery of hip function early. Six months after surgery, the Harris score of the THA group was higher than that of BHA group, and the excellent and good score in the THA group was also significantly higher than that in BHA group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: THA compared to BHA gives a better functional outcome as evaluated by HHS at the end of 6 months in elderly patients with fracture of the neck of femur by using HHS.
REVIEW OF SARS-CORONAVIRUS-2 REPERCUSSIONS ON THYROID GLAND IN THE CONTEXT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: SINGH SHUBHAM , MONIKA  , MAZUMDER RUPA , MAZUMDER AVIJIT
Published: September 2023

The thyroid gland may generate, store, and release hormones (such as Triiodothyronine and Thyroxin also called T3 and T4 hormones respectively) into the bloodstream and let them go to the body's cells. Every enzymatic process in the production and secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). All people worldwide are susceptible to thyroid disease, which is often accompanied by hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The thyroid's structural proximity to the upper airways, a main route for coronavirus entry, holds up the idea that the thyroid gland might be a target for Covid-19 or SARS-CoronaVirus-2. When the thyroid gland makes and secretes too much thyroid hormone, it is referred to as hyperthyroidism and if the patients do not take any precautions, hyperthyroidism may lead to cardiac hypertrophy. The Covid-19 epidemic had a substantial influence on our daily lives and has unexpectedly changed the way of medical research. This review aimed to discuss the effects of SARS-CoronaVirus-2 on the Thyroid Gland in the Context of Hyperthyroidism and related causing diseases, highlighting the common causing diseases of hyperthyroidism along with their treatments. We also highlight the impact of SARS-CoronaVirus-2 and its mRNA immunization. So that future studies should focus on the number of important advances and improved drug management in the treatment of Thyroid relating diseases, which may or may not be triggered by the coronavirus and its immunization.
INVESTIGATION OF SOLID DISPERSION APPROACH FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TELMISARTAN USING A CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN
Authors: KAUSHIK RITU , VERMA RAVINDER , BUDHWAR VIKAS , KAUSHIK DEEPAK
Published: September 2023

Objective: The goal of this study was to use a solid dispersion approach to improve the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of Telmisartan.
Methods: Design of experiment trials was conducted following a central composite design with different combinations of polymers and stirrer rpm and the selected responses (drug release, entrapment efficiency) were determined. The selected optimized formulation was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, which reflected the changes that occurred in API and excipients after conversion in to the formulation.
Results: In the design of experiments, central composite design was implemented and it was observed that polymers concentration (polyvinyl pyrrolidine K25, polyethylene glycol 4000) and stirrer rpm were having a significant impact on the responses (drug release, entrapment efficiency), and variables were having p-value<0.05 which reflected the significant impact. The results of stability study showed a significant no decrease in drug assay values, which reflected the stability behavior of the formulation. The results of comparative dissolution studies revealed that the optimized formulation have improved the drug solubility and dissolution rate.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that optimized telmisartan-loaded solid dispersion improved the solubility and dissolution rate of Telmisartan. The optimized formulation was having release>85% release within 30 min. Further, the stability of the formulation was also assessed under the accelerated condition as per ICH which reflected their stability. So, this approach can be employed for improving dissolution rate of other BCS II class drugs.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE APPLICATION OF NATURAL POLYMERS IN THE FORMULATION OF ORO-DISPERSIBLE TABLET
Authors: PRAKASH DHANANJAY , ARORA VIMAL , DEWANGAN HITESH KUMAR
Published: September 2023

Oral drug delivery is still the preferred method for administering many medications. Recent technological advancements have led to the development of orally disintegrating drugs, which offer improved patient compliance and convenience. Orodispersible(ODTs) drugs are a unique dosage form that dissolves in the mouth within 1-3 min without the need for chewing or water. Over the past three decades, orodispersible drugs have gained popularity as an alternative to traditional drugs due to their increased patient compliance, solubility, and stability. This new technology meets both the pharmaceutical and patient demands and provides a comfortable dosage method for pediatric, geriatric, and psychiatric patients with dysphagia. Natural substances are preferred over synthetic ones because they are more accessible, less expensive, non-toxic, and chemically inert. Natural polymers, such as locust bean gum, banana powder, mango peel pectin, and Mangifera indica gum, enhance drug characteristics and are used as binders, diluents, and super disintegrants to speed up disintegration, increase solubility, and provide supplements. Manufacturers are increasingly using natural polymers due to various issues with medication release and adverse effects. This review article views the development of ODTs, challenges in formulation, new ODT technologies, and our suspects.
A REVIEW ON RECENT ADVANCES ON STIMULI BASED SMART NANOMATERIALS FOR DRUG DELIVERY AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION
Authors: JOSHI POONAM , NAINWAL NIDHI , MORRIS SRISHTI , JAKHMOLA VIKAS
Published: September 2023

The advancement of numerous interdisciplinary fields of science, engineering, and medicine has been integrated into the rapid growth of nanomedicine (NM) over the past few decades. Many aspects of NM need to be investigated, even though a few clinical successes of nanomaterials have significantly altered the landscape of disease diagnosis and treatment. One such topic is the complex interactions between NM and its post-administration chemical, physical, and biological interactions and how these interactions impact NM biological performance. Because of the increased prevalence of metabolic disorders, neurological illnesses, heart diseases, and cancer, as well as the hunt for effective therapies for these and other diseases, there is a larger demand for unique, inventive, and drug-delivery systems that can transport medications to the desired place. The many cutting-edge drug delivery systems are becoming more and more dependent on nanotechnology. In this review, developments in the field and talk about how nanomedicine interacts with the physical, chemical, and biological material, with a focus on biological stimuli research. We also show how nano-bio interaction can create a variety of multifunctional platforms of biomedical applications with a wide range. The potential difficulties and opportunities in the study of nano-bio interactions are also discussed.
THE POTENTIAL OF INDONESIAN MARINE NATURAL PRODUCT WITH DUAL TARGETING ACTIVITY THROUGH SARS-COV-2 3CLPRO AND PLPRO: AN IN SILICO STUDIES
Authors: NAHIR CIKAL FIARSI , PUTRA MASTERIA YUNOVILSA , WIBOWO JOKO TRI , LEE VANNAJAN SANGHIRAN , YANUAR ARRY
Published: September 2023

Objective: This research was conducted to find potential candidate compounds from one hundred thirty-seven Indonesian marine natural products capable of preventing SARS-CoV-2 with a computational approach.
Methods: The physicochemical properties and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) profile of compounds were predicted using ADMETLab. The candidate compounds were filtered using AutodockVina. Molecular docking was carried out using AutoDockTools on the SARS-CoV-2 3-Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) and Papain-like protease (PLpro) that is essential for the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. Also, AMBER22 was used to perform molecular dynamics simulations in this study.
Results: Based on molecular docking results, Pre-Neo-Kaluamine has good activity against 3CLpro with a bond energy value of-10.35 kcal/mol. Cortistatin F showed excellent binding activity on PLpro, with energy value results of-10.62 kcal/mol. Acanthomanzamine C has dual targeting activity and interacts well with protein 3CLpro and PLpro with binding energy values ranging from 10 kcal/mol to 14 kcal/mol.
Conclusion: The molecular docking results were corroborated by molecular dynamics simulation results and showed good stability of the candidate ligands, and we found that there were three potential compounds as protease inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 including Pre-Neo-Kaluamine for 3CLpro, Cortistatin F for PLpro, and Acanthomanzamine C which had dual targeting activity against both proteases.
EFFECT OF SKIN FAT ON CAPSAICIN TRANSFERSOME GEL: IN VITRO PENETRATION STUDIES USING FRANZ DIFFUSION CELLS
Authors: ISKANDARSYAH  , ADELIA SAORI SALMA , APRIANTI INDAH
Published: September 2023

Objective: Capsaicin is a highly lipophilic substance that generally uses an organic cosolvent added to diffusion medium in penetration tests to increase penetration by fluidizing fat. This study aims to determine the effect of subcutaneous fat on the penetration of capsaicin as lipophilic substances formulated into transfersome and compare it to hydrophilic substances, namely vitamin C.
Methods: The thin layer method was used to develop the transfersome formulation using Phospholipon 90G and Tween 80. Vesicle size, zeta potential, deformability index, morphology, and entrapment efficiency were all characterized. The transfersome suspension was then developed into a gel formulation using 1% carbomer. The in vitro penetration test was performed using a Franz diffusion cell of rat skin with and without subcutaneous fat.
Results: The cumulative amount of penetration on fat-free membranes compared to membranes with fat for capsaicin transfersome gel 920.28±3.42 μg/cm2 and 762.22±1.73 μg/cm2, respectively, then for non-transfersome capsaicin gel was 833.33±0.84 μg/cm2 and 595.80±0.32 μg/cm2 respectively, and for vitamin C non-transfer some gel 776.45±1.19 μg/cm2 and 654.69±3.36 μg/cm2 respectively.
Conclusion: According to these results, it can be concluded that the presence of subcutaneous fat affects inhibiting the penetration of lipophilic substances.
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, AND EVALUATION OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES CONTAINING MEMANTINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: VALEVETI SUMAN KUMAR , PASHIKANTI SHAILAJA
Published: September 2023

Objective: This study aimed to develop an effective transdermal drug delivery system of memantine hydrochloride (MH), an anti-Alzheimer's drug, to improve patient compliance and optimize drug therapy in patients with dementia who often have difficulties adhering to oral medication schedules.
Methods: Various transdermal patches of MH were prepared using the box-Behnken design of experiments with different polymer combinations. The fabricated patches were evaluated for properties like thickness, folding endurance, drug content uniformity, in vitro drug release, and diffusion studies. An optimal formulation was selected based on the results and further studied for pharmacokinetic parameters in rabbits. The results were compared to conventional tablets containing the same polymer combination.
Results: Formulation B2 containing Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) 137.5 mg, Ethyl Cellulose (EC) 400 mg, and xanthan gum 300 mg had a flux of 212.24 μg/cm2/h, the permeability of 2.32 cm/h, and 27.95% release at 8h, with first-order and non-Fickian drug release kinetics. It was non-irritating, and in vitro release studies showed sustained release for up to 48 h. In vivo studies in rabbits also indicated superior drug absorption and sustained release from the patches compared to tablets.
Conclusion: The optimized transdermal patch formulation had the potential to provide a prolonged release of MH for over 2 d and reduce the frequency of dosing. However, further studies are warranted to confirm the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of the patches in human models before clinical use.
QUALITY OF AMOXICILLIN TRIHYDRATE/POTASSIUM CLAVULANATE TABLETS COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE IN LIBYAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET
Authors: EL-HDDAD SANADELASLAM , SULIMAN MOHAMMED B.
Published: September 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the quality of the amoxicillin trihydrate/potassium clavulantae (co-clavimox) tablets those are locally available in Libyan pharmaceutical market manufactured by various pharmaceutical companies with United State Pharmacopeia (USP) standards. Methods: The five popular brands (clavomid, augmentin, clavodar, clamoxin, and clavimox) of co-clavimox conventional tablet of 625 mg strength were chosen. The quality of commercial products was evaluated through the identification of the content of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using UV- Spectrophotometer. Results: The results obtained showed that, the products clavomid, augmentin, and clavodar conformed to the USP standard limit for quantitative assay of active ingredients. Clamoxin passed the standard limit test with a slight deviation (<2%), while clavimox failed the test with values far below the acceptable range. Conclusion: This study has been able to confirm that some generic brands of co-clavimox tablets available in the Libyan markets possess qualities below official recommendations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for constant monitoring of different brands of medications in the market to ensure their safety and quality.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NIOSOMAL GEL OF AZELAIC ACID FOR ANTIACNE ACTIVITY
Authors: KASHYAP VIVEK , RANI ANJNA
Published: September 2023

Objective: This study aimed to develop niosomes loaded with azelaic acid (AA) to administer in gel form. The primary objective was to achieve controlled and sustained release of the drug while minimizing potential side effects.
Methods: Niosomes were fabricated using a combination of various non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol through the application of thin film hydration technique. Furthermore, the processing parameters were optimized and drug excipient compatibility study was conducted using FTIR spectroscopy. The formulations were extensively characterized in terms of entrapment efficiency, particle size, shape, and in vitro release. Subsequently, the improved niosomal dispersions were employed to formulate gels, which underwent analysis to evaluate their visual properties, pH, and rheological behavior. Stability study was also conducted.
Results: Total 15 formulations were prepared, out of which 3 formulations F3, F9 and F15 were found to exhibit maximum entrapment efficiency. These formulation were having particle size 260.1 nm, 272.3 nm and 226.3 nm respectively. In vitro drug release was found to be maximum in F9 formulation. The release was found to be dose-dependent across all formulations, with regression values between 0.97 and 0.99, confirming first-order release kinetics. FTIR spectra indicated the absence of any drug-cholesterol-nonionic surfactant interaction in the formulation. The niosomal gel formulations exhibited optimal performance when stored within the temperature range of 4 to 8 °C.
Conclusion: This investigation demonstrates the utility of the thin film hydration technique in effectively incorporating poorly water-soluble medications such as azelaic Acid (AA) into niosomes, resulting in high entrapment efficiency. These findings suggest that niosomes containing AA, when topically applied as a gel, have the potential to be an efficacious treatment for acne.
Territorio y movimientos sociales urbanos: debates sudamericanos
Authors: Torres Fernanda Valeria
Published: September 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es exponer, a partir del análisis de parte de la bibliografía de Sudamerica referida a los estudios sobre movimientos sociales urbanos y acción colectiva, las definiciones y usos del concepto territorio. A través de un análisis cualitativo, guiado por las nociones de “comparación constante” y “saturación teórica”, se construyen dos dimensiones de análisis para ordenar y jerarquizar la bibliografía consultada: los tipos de usos del concepto territorio y las influencias teóricas. Se propone una tipología ordenadora, por lo que se concluye la necesidad de asumir un compromiso analítico con la problemática espacial como una perspectiva fundamental para entender que, en ocasiones, el territorio cumple una función ontológica, constitutiva de sujetos colectivos y sujetos políticos. Se destaca la especificidad que el concepto de movimiento socioterritorial puede aportar para analizar ciertas experiencias de movilización y organización urbanas.