bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Determinants of Entrepreneurial Attitudes
Authors: Mularska‑Kucharek Monika
Published: July 2017

The important factors, both economic and non‑economic ones, responsible
for creating and strengthening entrepreneurial attitudes include those of a social
nature. The article aims at exploring the social determinants of entrepreneurial
attitudes including socio‑demographic variables, and the ones associated with
socialization, which are important mechanisms conditioning entrepreneurship.
The paper assesses the potential of entrepreneurial attitudes among Poles. The
empirical basis of the presented analysis is the nationwide survey carried out by
the Public Opinion Research Center on behalf of the University of Lodz as part of
the grant entitled “Entrepreneurship of Poles – social and spatial aspect”.
Attitudes in Workplace – Diversity and Interdependence
of Concepts
Authors: Springer Agnieszka
Published: July 2017

The main objective of the article is to evaluate the relationship between
different types of job attitudes. At the end of the article the multidimensional
model of employee attitudes has been proposed. The text is based on the analysis of the literature review of: satisfaction, commitment, attachment and
identification of employees. The author described the similarities and differences
between concepts and made attempts to indicate dependencies between them. The
paper identifies areas that do not raise doubts about employee attitudes and those
that still require further study.
Radon-enriched hot spring water therapy for upper and lower respiratory tract inflammation
Authors: Passali Desiderio , Gabelli Giacomo , Passali Giulio Cesare , Mösges Ralph , Bellussi Luisa Maria
Published: July 2017

Background Radon-222-enriched hot spring therapy, which is characterized by a safe level of radioactivity, is used for the treatment of rheumatic disorders, and its efficacy has already been studied in several clinical trials. Radon-water inhalation therapy for the treatment of upper and lower airway inflammatory diseases is used in many hot springs centers. However, its application has not been reviewed to date.
Methods We systematically searched the PubMed and Scopus databases for clinical trials published in the last 20 years in which objective parameters of upper and lower airway function had been tested before and after radon-enriched inhalation treatment.
Results Four prospective studies were found: 1 asthma trial, 1 placebo-controlled chronic rhinosinusitis trial, 1 upper respiratory tract inflammation with nasal obstruction trial, and 1 case-control allergic rhinitis trial. Patients were treated with nasal inhalations of radon-enriched water for 12 to 28 days and were assessed at baseline and after therapy. After 2 weeks of treatment, nasal resistance decreased, flow increased, mucociliary clearance was enhanced, ciliated-to-muciparous cell ratio increased, and %FEV1 increased in asthmatic patients.
Conclusion Radon-enriched inhalation therapy improves objective indicators of nasal function in allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis, and causes relief of pulmonary obstruction in asthma.
Usefulness of high-speed digital imaging (HSDI) in the diagnosis of oedematous – hypertrophic changes of the larynx in people using voice occupationally
Authors: Kosztyła-Hojna Bożena , Moskal Diana , Kuryliszyn-Moskal Anna , Andrzejewska Anna , Łobaczuk-Sitnik Anna , Kraszewska Anna , Skorupa Małgorzata
Published: July 2017

Introduction. The aim of the study is the evaluation of the usefulness of High-Speed Digital Imaging (HSDI) in the diagnosis of organic dysphonia in a form of oedematous-hypertrophic changes of vocal fold mucosa, morphologically confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) method in patients working with voice occupationally. Material and methods. The group consisted of 30 patients working with voice occupationally with oedematous-hypertrophic changes of vocal fold mucosa. Parameters of vocal folds vibrations were evaluated using HSDI technique with a digital HS camera, HRES Endocam Richard Wolf GmbH. The image of vocal folds was recorded with a rate of 4000 frames per second. Postoperative material of the larynx was prepared in a routine way and observed in transmission electron microscope OPTON 900–PC. Results. HSDI technique allows to assess the real vibrations of vocal folds and determine many parameters. The results of TEM in the postoperative material showed destruction of epithelial cells with severe vacuolar degeneration, the enlargement of intercellular spaces and a large number of blood vessels in the stroma, which indicates the presence of oedematous-hypertrophic changes of the larynx. Discussion. The ultrastructural assessment confirm the particular usefulness of HSDI method in the diagnosis of organic dysphonia in a form of oedematous-hypertrophic changes. Key words: High-Speed Digital Imaging, oedematous-hypertrophic changes, vocal fold mucosa, larynx
Understanding Police Culture through the Use of the OCAI Method
Authors: Pajpachová Monika , Nováková Iveta
Published: July 2017

Police culture embodies something which obviously does exist but is difficult to explain and order it. It significantlyaffects the professional performance of the police organisation. A correctly formed police culture may produce better quality management. The study deals with identification and analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of police culture which is one of the determinants of the success of a police organisation. The authors have used a diagnostic instrument of competing values, the so-called OCAI model. They present original scientific findings — the outcomes of a scientific and research project entitled “The Success Factors of the Police Organisation” (No. 185). The project was carried out by the Management and Information Science Department of the Academy of the Police Force in Bratislava and commissioned by the Section of Personal and Social Activities and Personnel Department of the Ministry of the Interior of the Slovak Republic. The two-dimensional OCAI method shows the current and preferred state of the organisational culture inside the police organisation. The current state indicates strictly defined rules, processes and norms and a structured working environment — features typical of organisations of a formal character with a hierarchical culture. The preferred state is a family type of organisation where the emphasis is put on collegiality, loyalty, adherence, mutual cooperation and trust which has a special role. The research results confirm that a main aim of the police culture is to create “an awareness of Us” which will integrate the staff. It may also facilitate prevention of conflicts and have a synergic effect at all management levels. Upon creating the police culture, it is necessary to bear in mind that, if the police organisation wants to fulfil special tasks, then the values of the employees must be in line with those of the organisation.
The Safety of Participants in Pilgrimages,Processions and Funeral Corteges Using Public Roads
Authors: Babiński Aleksander
Published: July 2017

A feature of the constitution is that the political system assumes a right to exercise freedom of conscience and religion.In the reality of a totalitarian state the ability to use this freedom was not so evident since, despite the formal guarantee, this ability was limited. In a democratic state of law, this freedom has been clarified by the legislature. By virtue of the Constitution expressions of religious belief may be restricted by law only when it is necessary to protect national security, public order, health, morals or the rights and freedoms of others. The legislation establishing special arrangements to enable the public exercise of worship does not introduce such restrictions. On the contrary, it facilitates its execution. A particular mode of worship involves events that take place entailing the use of public roads. Legislation providing for the use of roads assumes a formalisation of carrying out such religious ceremonies as pilgrimages, processions and funeral corteges on the roads. The article presents legal solutions to enable them to be carried out, indicating the dependence resulting from the category of road on which they are held and solutions designed to ensure the safety of the participants as specific users of public roads. It states which authorities are competent to make arrangements in this regard, indicating the multiplicity of authorities that need to be involved in this process. In the context of the existing legal situation, whether the solutions adopted allow determination of those responsible for the security and the scope of arrangements to ensure the safety of participants of pilgrimages, processions or funeral corteges is important.
Institutional Framework for Combating the Financing of Terrorism at a National and International Level
Authors: Filipkowski Wojciech
Published: July 2017

This article presents the overall inter-institutional relations within the system for counteracting and, in part, combating the financing of terrorism at a national and international level. A brief analysis of the national and international legal aspects of the elements of the system was made. A key institution in this is the financial intelligence unit. In the case of Poland this is the General Inspector for Financial Information. Therefore, a most extensive analysis was made of the activities of this State body from the official annual reports published on the website of the Ministry of Finance. The study covered an eleven year period,that is, from 2004 to 2015. This paper is the starting point for discussing the scope of the institutional framework, preceded by relevant research, in the fight against financing terrorism at a strategic level. The summary expresses the Author’s view on the scope of activities of the General Inspector of Financial Information at the operational, tactical and strategic level.
Effect of the Taser X26 and Taser X2 Electric Stun Guns on Skin Tissue of Pigs in the Context of Use by the Uniformed
Services
Authors: Adamiak Zbigniew , Holak Piotr , Babińska Izabella , Jastrzębski Paweł , Nowak Marcin , Kaczmarek Aleksandra
Published: July 2017

The Taser (full name: Thomas A. Swift’s Electric Rifle) is an electric stun gun, manufactured by Taser International. Its operational range varies from 4.60 metres to 10.6 metres1 thanks to wire electrodes that remain connected to the main device. The electrodes penetrate the skin and soft tissues of the person who is the target for temporary immobilisation. The high voltage generated at low intensity causes severe pain and disruption of the nervous system, resulting in temporary total paralysis. The Taser is a device of direct coercion, whose use is permissible for widespread application in cases where conservative methods of controlling dangerous situations have been exhausted. The natural question that arises is the impact and influence of the electrically active electrodes fired on the surrounding tissues. The aim of the study was a histopathological evaluation and comparison of the effects of the cartridges from the Taser X2 and Taser X26 in terms of the local reaction on a portion of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of domestic pigs fresh from a slaughterhouse. Fragments of the tissue were subjected to histological treatment and analysed using an optical microscope. There were changes in the microscopic image indicating mechanical damage to the epidermis and subcutaneous layers of the dermis due to the use of the devices researched.
An Analysis of the Legal Systems and Mechanisms Introduced
in the European Union in the Fight Against Cyberspace Threats
Authors: Kańciak Anna
Published: July 2017

The ability to conduct attacks in cyberspace from any location in the world, together with a high level of anonymity for the perpetrator, underlines the global nature of this issue. Consequently, threats within cyberspace have become one of the most serious challenges for the national and economic security of countries. The immaterial character of cyberspace and the threats emerging from within its framework transcend borders in respect of both the subject and territorial dimension. The illegal activities conducted in cyberspace are also connected with the low, and constantly decreasing, costs of initiating and conducting attacks along with the relatively high possibility of by the attacking entity remaining anonymous.3 Cyber-security strategies are the response of the European Union and its Member States to the emerging threats. Developing national strategies is a relatively new trend. In such documents Member States present their national perspective in respect of cyberspace protection as well as the rules of conduct, perception of the threat, risk assessment and a strategic objective complemented by other specific objectives. These documents help national decision-makers with policy making in terms of cyberspace protection and the allocation of the resources essential for its development. Apart from cyberspace, strategies designate crucial areas of the state’s functioning as principal area of the protection that require special preventive action, i.e. critical infrastructure, economic development, national security, social development and a sense of security as a component within information-communications technologies applications.
In Shit We Stand United: Solidarity and Separation on the Lower Grounds
Authors: Pfaller Robert
Published: July 2017

In his Interpretation of Dreams Sigmund Freud quotes a poem by Heinrich Heine: "Selten habt Ihr mich verstanden/selten auch verstand ich Euch./Nur wenn wir im Kot uns fanden,/so verstanden wir uns gleich". ("Rarely did you understand me, and rarely did I understand you; Only when we found ourselves in the muck did we understand each other at once.")In my contribution, I want to examine this ability of the excrement to function as a kind of universal equivalent for understanding; a kind of perfectly convertible currency or primordial gift (according to Freud's account). What is it that makes this border-element between culture and nature so specifically useful when nothing else seems to help in human communication?This question shall be raised specifically with regard to the "scatological rituals" examined and analyzed by Stephen Greenblatt as well as with to the issue that D. A. F. de Sade makes of the excrement in his "120 days of Sodom", where it plays an astoundingly predominant role when it comes to finding unequivocal proofs of human autonomy.
A Versatile Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Metformin, Sitagliptin, Simvastatin, and Ezetimibe in Different Dosage Forms
Authors: El-Zaher Asmaa A , Elkady Ehab F , Elwy Hanan M , Saleh Mahmoud Abo El Makarim
Published: July 2017

A new LC method is introduced with the concept of its versatile application to widely used drugs from different pharmacological classes. Metformin hydrochloride (MTF), sitagliptin phosphate (SIT), simvastatin (SIM) and ezetimibe (EZB) were simultaneously determined with a simple reversed-phase LC method in which a SIT–SIM binary mixture, present in a dosage form brand, was considered central for its development. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.02 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 5.2) (77 + 23, v/v) flowing through a C18 column (BDS Hypersil, 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) at 1.2 mL/min at ambient temperature. UV detection was programmed to be carried out at 210 nm for EZB, SIT, and MTF, whereas SIM was detected at 240 nm. The method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Linearity, accuracy, and precision were satisfactory over concentration ranges 4–40 µg/mL for EZB and SIM, 0.5–50 µg/mL for SIT, and 5–500 µg/mL for MTF. Coefficients of determination were >0.99 for the four drugs. LOQs found were 0.01 µg/mL for EZB, 0.02 µg/mL for SIT, 0.2 µg/mL for MTF, and 0.02 µg/mL for SIM. The developed method is simple, rapid, accurate, precise, and suitable for the routine QC analysis of the cited drugs in pharmaceutical products by conventional HPLC systems.
Model Water Utility Affordability Programs
Authors: Blake Bradford L. , Brown Gary A. , Rothstein Eric
Published: July 2017

Case studies from Portland and Detroit illustrate programs for addressing affordability and customer assistance.
Getting Western Municipal Water Prices Right: Reflecting the Scarcity Value of Water
Authors: Howe Charles (Chuck) W.
Published: July 2017

Incorporating the value of a utility's water rights portfolio into its retail rate structure can improve both economic and water‐use efficiency.
Collaboration Leads to Transformation and Positive Results in Grand Rapids, Mich.
Authors: Thompson Joellen C. , Glover Becky Jo , Schiebold John
Published: July 2017

The City of Grand Rapids Water System and Environmental Services Departments transformed their customer service—related functions for a more streamlined organization, improved service to customers, and lower costs.
Diversity of Diversity
Authors: Lafrance David B.
Published: July 2017

Kelly Welsh, who teaches history and psychology at Thetford Academy, addressed the graduating class with the simple message about embracing diversity and inclusion. She counseled the graduates to “recognize that our connections with each other are what, on an individual level, make life worth living, and as a species, have ensured our survival”; then she urged them to “reach out to others, especially those who seem different from you.”
Habermas y Marcuse contra la ideología tecnocrática. Divergencias en la Teoría Crítica
Authors: Ortega Esquembre César
Published: July 2017

Resumen: el presente trabajo pretende aportar, partiendo de la discusión en torno al papel ideológico que cumplen las fuerzas productivas en las sociedades industriales avanzadas, un rastreo genealógico de algunos de los conceptos fundamentales de la propuesta teórica de Jürgen Habermas. El análisis partirá de la original propuesta normativa, en términos de una formación discursiva de la voluntad política, con que Habermas trata de superar la conciencia tecnocrática, distanciándose de este modo de la primera Teoría Crítica, y más específicamente de Marcuse.
La noción de ley en Suárez y Locke
Authors: Prieto López Leopoldo José
Published: July 2017

Se puede afirmar que la concepción voluntarista de la ley en Locke es típicamente moderna. El empleo de un léxico que enfatiza el elemento volitivo como esencia de la ley tiene su origen en teorías antropológicas, jurídicas y teológicas tardomedievales, de las que Suárez es el principal vehículo en su transmisión a la modernidad. Sea directa, sea indirectamente, el influjo de la concepción suareciana de la ley sobre Locke es incontestable. El artículo indaga, finalmente, la secuencia histórica Suárez-Grotius-Locke en la búsqueda del hilo conductor del voluntarismo de dichos autores y replantea diversamente de como habitualmente es entendida la fórmula empleada por Grotius sobre la validez de la ley natural, a saber «etiamsi daremus non esse Deum» («etsi Deus non daretur»), cuyo verdadero sentido es indicar la relativa autonomía de la ley natural respecto de la voluntad divina.
La inversión del platonismo a la base del internalismo en filosofía del deporte. Paso previo hacia una hermenéutica del deporte
Authors: López Frías Francisco Javier , Gimeno Monfort Xavier
Published: July 2017

En este artículo, defendemos que se ha producido una inversión del platonismo a la base de la filosofía del deporte, similar a la acaecida en el ámbito de la filosofía occidental. Para ello, exponemos a qué nos referimos con el platonismo en la filosofía del deporte (§1). Más adelante, explicamos qué significa invertir el platonismo a raíz tanto de Nietzsche como de Heidegger (§2). Tras ello, identificamos cuáles son los autores que han provocado tal cambio en la filosofía del deporte, a saber: los filósofos dionisíacos (§3). Por último, mostramos cómo con sus propuestas dionisíacas producen un acabamiento de la tradición internalista (§4), para defender que éste es el paso inicial en la tarea de proponer una hermenéutica del deporte (§5).
CASTILLO, Ramón del, FAERNA, Ángel M. & HICKMAN, Larry A. (eds.) (2015), Confines of Demcoracy. Essays on the Philosophy of Richard J. Bernstein: Brill.
Authors: Jiménez Perona Ángeles
Published: July 2017

Reseña del libro: CASTILLO, Ramón del,  FAERNA, Ángel M. & HICKMAN, Larry A. (eds.) (2015), Confines of Demcoracy. Essays on the Philosophy of Richard J. Bernstein: Brill.
La motivation à partager un message préventif viral : application à une vidéo d’éducation financière sur Facebook
Authors: Berriche Amira , Salerno Daphné
Published: July 2017

L’utilisation des réseaux sociaux tels que Facebook se développe dans plusieurs domaines du marketing social (santé, sécurité routière, éducation financière du consommateur). Cet article se concentre sur le transmetteur potentiel d’un message préventif viral et plus particulièrement sur ses motivations d’égoïsme empathique de partage (empathie-récompense vs empathie-punition). Il analyse l’influence de la congruence entre le cadrage du message (gains vs pertes) et l’orientation régulatrice du transmetteur (promotion vs prévention) sur ses motivations de partage via l’attitude envers le message. L’étude empirique est réalisée dans le domaine de l’éduction financière du consommateur. Il s’agit d’une analyse pionnière de la phase initiale d’ensemencement ( seeding ) de ce type de message. Les préconisations sont destinées à la conception du message et à l’amélioration des pratiques de segmentation et de ciblage des transmetteurs potentiels dans cette phase.
Le pourboire : ce qu’en pensent les acteurs
Authors: Auriacombe Brigitte , Cova Véronique
Published: July 2017

L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre le sens du pourboire pour les personnes qui en donnent et pour celles qui en reçoivent. Une étude qualitative menée auprès de clients et de personnels de plusieurs secteurs a permis de mettre au jour quatre interprétations différentes du pourboire, du point de vue des acteurs. Chaque interprétation inscrit le pourboire dans une dimension différente de la relation de service - la production du service, le contrat, la relation sociale ou la relation interpersonnelle - et construit le pourboire soit comme une indemnisation, soit comme un don. Cette compréhension approfondie du pourboire permet de formuler plusieurs recommandations managériales.
Le management de la légitimité : analyse du discours des enseignes spécialisées dans la distribution de produits biologiques
Authors: Zaidi-Chtourou Sabrina , Vernier Marie-France
Published: July 2017

Alors que la consommation de produits dits « bio » concerne de plus en plus de consommateurs, les enseignes spécialisées sont confrontées à la concurrence de la grande distribution. Une nouvelle dynamique émerge avec une redéfinition du positionnement des enseignes spécialisées. Leur légitimité historique sur le marché du bio est-elle suffisante pour se positionner face aux grandes surfaces alimentaires ? À l’aide d’une approche qualitative menée à partir d’observations, de documents et d’entretiens de trois enseignes bio, cet article développe la typologie de légitimation de Suchman et souligne la coexistence de discours ambivalents utilisant parfois simultanément plusieurs aspects de la légitimité (morale, pragmatique et cognitive).
Lost in translation : la consommation de luxe comme révélateur de l’ajustement culturel du consommateur temporairement expatrié aux Émirats Arabes Unis
Authors: Chamaret Cécile , Parguel Béatrice
Published: July 2017

Cet article envisage le comportement sur le marché du luxe du consommateur temporairement expatrié aux Émirats Arabes Unis comme un révélateur de son processus d’acculturation. Plus particulièrement, il étudie l’influence de la durée d’expatriation sur la consommation de produits de luxe. Au terme de deux études (qualitative et quantitative) conduites auprès de consommateurs français expatriés, il montre que ces derniers font d’abord l’expérience d’une phase de « lune de miel », avant d’entrer dans une phase d’« ajustement périphérique » pendant laquelle la distance au marché se réduit au fur et à mesure de l’expatriation.
Murder and Mutilation in Early-Stuart England: A Case Study in Crime Reporting
Authors: MacMillan Ken , Glass Melissa
Published: July 2017

Although historians have long recognized that crime pamphlet authors were not very faithful reporters, it has been difficult for them to establish precisely how much fiction this literature contained because of the limited availability of other sources with which to compare them. Using a case study approach, this essay examines two murder pamphlets, both written in 1606, that describe the murder of a young boy, Anthony James, the mutilation of his sister, Elizabeth, and the conviction and execution of their alleged assailants, Agnes and George Dell. The presence of two pamphlets describing the same series of crimes was unusual, and, through a process of detailed comparison and critical interpretation, provides us with an opportunity to reflect further on the accuracy and purpose of crime reporting in early modern England. The two versions contain a great deal of contradictory information, were seemingly written for very different audiences, served a variety of functions for contemporary readers, and raise the question of whether the authors believed that justice was done in this case.
Guérir une maladie ou « prendre soin » d’une personne ?
Authors: ROTHIER BAUTZER Eliane
Published: July 2017

L’article analyse le travail soignant. Il synthétise les principaux résultats d’un travail de recherche ethnographique sur la formation infirmière. Il montre que le travail infirmier représente, dans sa relation au « prendre soin », un exemple paradigmatique des tensions à l’oeuvre entre deux formes de sollicitudes qui sont définies comme opposées car elles fondent des territoires professionnels hiérarchisés. La première est orientée vers la guérison de la maladie, la seconde vers le mieux-être, l’accompagnement d’une personne souffrante. L’auteur conclut en mettant en perspective ces résultats avec l’évolution des besoins de santé actuels qui requièrent une nouvelle articulation de ces deux formes de sollicitude.
Compromis sociaux d’usage dans l’accompagnement de l’apprentissage du prendre soin comme travail : le cas du portfolio et de l’approche par compétences en formation en soins infirmiers
Authors: CIAVALDINI-CARTAUT Solange , DUFOREST-REY Dianelle , WYBO Muriel
Published: July 2017

Depuis la réforme de 2009 de la formation en soins infirmiers l’usage du portfolio doit faciliter le suivi de l’acquisition des compétences professionnelles des étudiants dans le contexte de l’alternance (Scallon, 2007 ; Tardif, 2006), mais également documenter une démarche de soin éthique en situation (Jonnaert, 2011). Cette étude exploratoire fondée sur une méthode mixte s’intéresse aux compromis (Nachi, 2011) d’usage susceptibles d’exister entre les attentes institutionnelles relatives à l’approche par compétences et l’exploitation du portfolio par les professionnels de santé tuteurs de stage. Les résultats présentés aboutissent à des préconisations d’opérationnalisation du portfolio dans la perspective d’une formation de formateurs et « du prendre soin comme travail auquel on forme ».
Enjeux de professionnalisation et de formation des conceptions des troubles mentaux et psychosociaux dans la littérature spécialisée destinée aux travailleurs sociaux : le cas de la maladie d’Alzheimer
Authors: Ponnou Sébastien , Roebroeck Élodie
Published: July 2017

Nous avons procédé à l’analyse systématique des approches de la maladie d’Alzheimer dans la presse spécialisée destinée aux travailleurs sociaux français entre 1990 et 2014, et comparé les résultats obtenus à deux études récentes sur les conceptions de l’autisme et du Trouble Déficitaire de l’Attention avec Hyperactivité dans ce même champ. L’analyse des discours sur la maladie d’Alzheimer, et plus généralement sur les troubles mentaux et psychosociaux dans la presse spécialisée destinée aux travailleurs sociaux, montre que les facteurs sociaux pourtant fortement impliqués dans ces pathologies sont peu représentés, tandis qu’ils sont sensibles à des politiques et des pratiques socioéducatives spécifiques. La plupart des conceptions de la maladie d’Alzheimer présentées aux travailleurs sociaux français relèvent de la sphère thérapeutique, et laissent apparaître un risque de médicalisation croissante du travail social, nous permettant d’en interroger les enjeux en termes de pratiques, de dispositifs institutionnels et de formation.
Comment prendre soin de l’enfant hyperactif à l’école ? De l’élève indiscipliné à l’élève handicapé
Authors: RONCHEWSKI DEGORRE Stéphanie
Published: July 2017

Prendre soin de l’enfant hyperactif à l’école, c’est donner deux sens au mot soin : le souci de la personne vulnérable et l’aide médicale. Avec la reconnaissance de son trouble du comportement, l’élève indiscipliné devient un élève handicapé. Mais comment un élève turbulent devient-il un cas psychiatrique ? Comment reconnaître à l’école un enfant hyperactif, c’est-à-dire, d’un point de vue médical, atteint d’un TDAH (trouble du déficit de l’attention avec ou sans hyperactivité) ?   Les enseignants contribuent au diagnostic médical en remplissant des tests de comportement. Ensuite, pour être pris en charge, l’enfant devra faire reconnaître son hyperactivité comme un handicap. Pour aider l’enseignant, le médecin lui donnera des conseils pour faire son cours. Ce partenariat souhaitable soulève aussi des difficultés. Entre un enseignant auxiliaire paramédical et un médecin pédagogue ne risque-t-on pas d’assister à une dilution des fonctions ? La levée du secret médical réclamée par certains enseignants est emblématique de cette confusion. La distinction de Canguilhem entre le normal et le pathologique, guidera notre réflexion sur la prise en charge médicale de l’enfant hyperactif à l’école. Ce cas suscite une interrogation éthique sur la médicalisation de notre société.
Les pratiques professionnelles dans un centre de lutte antituberculeuse : l’observation et l’implication
Authors: DA SILVA SANTOS Karen , ALONSO Patricia , MAGALI FORTUNA Cinira
Published: July 2017

L’objectif principal de cette étude a été d’analyser les pratiques professionnelles relatives à la lutte antituberculeuse au sein d’un CLAT (centre de lutte antituberculeuse) du centre ouest de la France. Pour ce faire, nous avons mobilisé quelques approches conceptuelles du cadre théorique de l’analyse institutionnelle : l’observation et l’analyse des implications, à travers des entretiens avec des étudiants étrangers, des usagers étrangers ainsi qu’une infirmière et un médecin qui travaillent en CLAT. Nous avons procédé à l’analyse des documents institutionnels disponibles en ligne, à usage professionnel, et utilisé le journal de recherche comme outil afin d’éclairer les interactions et enjeux de la réalité observée. La recherche montre que la formation initiale des professionnels de santé à la tuberculose est insuffisante même si les médecins bénéficient d’une formation plus spécialisée pour travailler en CLAT. Cependant, cette carence n’est pas la principale difficulté. Du point de vue des usagers et des professionnels, celle-ci se situe dans la maîtrise plus ou moins bonne de la langue française. Le processus de communication comme analyseur des pratiques professionnelles est un élément d’identification des aspects d’humanisation dans l’accueil thérapeutique. Les pratiques professionnelles relatives à la lutte antituberculeuse, dans le CLAT observé, apparaissent construites objectivement et subjectivement dans la rencontre des implications libidinales et institutionnelles des professionnels et des usagers.
Elimination of HCV as a public health concern among people who inject drugs by 2030 – What will it take to get there?
Authors: Grebely Jason , Dore Gregory J. , Morin Sébastien , Rockstroh Jürgen K. , Klein Marina B.
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Globally, there is a considerable burden of HCV and HIV infections among people who inject drugs (PWID) and transmission of both infections continues. Needle and syringe programme (NSP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST) coverage remains low, despite evidence demonstrating their prevention benefit. Direct‐acting antiviral therapies (DAA) with HCV cure >95% among PWID provide an opportunity to reverse rising trends in HCV‐related morbidity and mortality and reduce incidence. However, HCV testing, linkage to care, and treatment remain low due to health system, provider, societal, and patient barriers. Between 2015 and 2030, WHO targets include reducing new HCV infections by 80% and HCV deaths by 65%, and increasing HCV diagnoses from <5% to 90% and number of eligible persons receiving HCV treatment from <1% to 80%. This commentary discusses why PWID should be considered as a priority population in these efforts, reasons why this goal could be attainable among PWID, challenges that need to be overcome, and key recommendations for action.

Discussion: Challenges to HCV elimination as a global health concern among PWID include poor global coverage of harm reduction services, restrictive drug policies and criminalization of drug use, poor access to health services, low HCV testing, linkage to care and treatment, restrictions for accessing DAA therapy, and the lack of national strategies and government investment to support WHO elimination goals. Key recommendations for action include reforming drug policies (decriminalization of drug use and/or possession, or providing alternatives to imprisonment for PWID; decriminalization of the use and provision of sterile needles‐syringes; and legalization of OST for people who are opioid dependent), scaling up and improving funding for harm reduction services, making health services accessible for PWID, supporting community empowerment and community‐based programmes, improving access to affordable diagnostics and medicines, and eliminating stigma, discrimination, and violence against PWID.

Conclusions: The ambitious targets for HCV elimination set by WHO are achievable in many countries, but will require researchers, healthcare providers, policy makers, affected communities, advocates, the pharmaceutical and diagnostics industries, and governments around the world to work together to make this happen.
Exciting experiences make neurons less excitable
Authors: Nanda Prakruti , Inbar Tal , Bergan Joseph F
Published: July 2017

Neurons in the brain of a female mouse that respond to the scent of a given male become suppressed after mating.
Lectotypification of four names in Argyreia (Convolvulaceae)
Authors: Shalini Selvaraj
Published: July 2017

Lectotypes of Argyreia atropurpurea, A. hookeri, A. mastersii and A. sericea are designated here.
What is Clastobryella tenella M.Fleisch.?
Authors: Shevock James R
Published: July 2017

The moss Clastobryella tenella M.Fleisch. based on a collection from Java has remained poorly understood since its original description. Microscopic examination of the type material in the Fleischer Herbarium within the Farlow Herbarium of Harvard University concluded that the exceedingly fragmentary type material best represents juvenile plants of Gammiella tonkinensis (Broth. & Par.) B.C. Tan.
Vitreous Punctate Spots in Eyes with Intermediate and Posterior Uveitis Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Mehrotra Navneet , Nagpal Manish , Vishnoi Avijit , Mehta Rajen , Jain Hardik
Published: July 2017

Purpose:-

To assess inflammatory cells in the vitreous which are seen as punctate spots on Nidek Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in eyes with intermediate and posterior uveitis.

Materials and Methods:-

This prospective study involved 73 eyes having intermediate and posterior uveitis which were imaged with Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SDOCT) at baseline and 1 month after the treatment. The punctate spots were seen as hyper-reflective dots in the retina and vitreous. These were larger with greater density than the nonpunctate, irregular condensations seen in the vitreous cavity, reflecting normal age-related vitreous syneretic changes. The presence and severity of vitreous haze were classified according to the National Eye Institute system. The vitreous haze scale and SD-OCT findings were compared at baseline and 1 month after treatment.

Results:-

At baseline, SD-OCT showed inflammatory cells as numerous punctate spots in the vitreous cavity and retina in all eyes with decrease in their number on follow up.

Conclusion:-

The inflammatory cells in the vitreous and retina in eyes with intermediate and posterior uveitis were objectively documented using SD-OCT. SD-OCT is a useful imaging tool to correlate the reduction in inflammatory cells with vitreous haze seen clinically following treatment.
A Study on Eye Donation Awareness Among Medical and Engineering Students in Puducherry
Authors: Vallinayagam Muthukrishnan , Kumar Pranav S. , Krishnamoorthy Jayalatha , Arumugam Rajkumar
Published: July 2017

Background:-

It is observed that 12% of the worldʼs blind population is affected by corneal blindness, a visual impairment that is amenable to treatment. The alarming figures rise every year, keeping India in the lead. Corneal transplantation remains the main-stay of treatment for restoring vision in such patients. Literature review in India reveals that the awareness about eye donation in public, especially among the youth is very low. Hence creation of awareness carries paramount importance. The aim of this study is to compare awareness between the Medical and Engineering college students in Puducherry and to explore ways to involve medical community and other sectors.

Materials and Methods:-

Students following their respective courses (I - IV year) during January to June 2016 participated in the study. Out of 679 students, 277 were medical and 402 were engineering students. The study started with initial clarification of questions followed by administration of pretested and semi-structured questionnaire with informed consent. The results were derived through statistical analysis.

Results:-

All the students were aware of eye donation. Awareness on various parameters is higher among the medical students. Television channels were considered as the most powerful tool amongst the media-to reach out to the public.

Conclusion:-

The study is in agreement with similar studies towards the necessity for awareness creation. Creation of awareness on eye donation can greatly improve current statistics. The medical students, in close collaboration with the community groups like Non Governmental Organisations, can reach out to public. The eyebanks and medical colleges can be linked up for advocacy programmes. Education on organ donation is a must for the society. The student community, medical and paramedical staff should be actively involved in this regard. Media campaign can play a commendable role to reach out to the masses for optimum benefit.
Drug Utilization Study In Primary Glaucoma Patients Attending the Ophthalmology Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Parween Nazia , Gupta Surabhi , Kumar Sanjiv , Jain Kirti , Khosla P.P. , Kansal Saurabh , Khan Wase
Published: July 2017

Objective:-

To evaluate prescription patterns for patients seeking consultation for various types and subtypes of primary glaucoma.

Methods:-

It was an observational study of one year duration. All primary glaucoma patients visiting the eye outpatient department were included. Their demographic data, clinical findings and common group of drugs prescribed were tabulated and analyzed.

Results:-

Out of 116 patients, 66 (56.90%) were males and 50 (43.10%) females. The mean age at presentation was 52.88±15.19 years. Primary open angle glaucoma was found to be the most common (54.0%) type, followed by primary angle closure glaucoma (41.0 %). The common group of drugs prescribed included beta blockers (38.12%), followed by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, prostaglandin F2α analogues, α2 agonist and cholinergic agonist (14.36% each)

Conclusion:-

In primary glaucoma, the most common subtype was POAG, followed by angle closure glaucoma. Beta blockers were the most common group of drugs prescribed.
Legal Liabilities and Duties of a Doctor: Part 1
Authors: Singh Kirti , Sharma Bhumika , Singh Arshi , Lal Anju
Published: July 2017

The current ethos of degenerating doctor patient relationship is a cause of concern for medical fraternity. Ever increasing rate of medical malpractice cases, doctor patient conflict is draining the doctor of financial resources and professional satisfaction respectively, not to mention loss of dignity and peace. A key weapon in our defense against charge of ”professional misconduct” is appropriate knowledge of what all is entailed by conduct as per legal language. This article is part of two sections, the first one deals with medical negligence, dereliction of duty, consumer protection act in relation to physicians, informed consent and documentation of records.
Touraine-Solente-Gole Syndrome: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Doshi Dharmil , Satani Dipali , Singh Shwetambari
Published: July 2017

Touraine-Solente-Gole Syndrome, also known as Pachydermoperiostosis (PDP) or Primary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy, is a rare hereditary disorder, which affects both bones and skin. It is characterized by a combination of dermatologic changes (pachydermia or thickening of the skin) and rheumatologic manifestations (periostosis and finger clubbing). Eyelid ptosis which is caused by thickened eyelids (blepharoptosis) is a less common symptom. We report the case of a patient with a complete form of Touraine-Solente-Gole Syndrome with bilateral blepharoptosis as presenting feature.
A MYB‐type transcription factor, MYB2, represses light‐harvesting protein genes in Cyanidioschyzon merolae
Authors: Kawase Yasuko , Imamura Sousuke , Tanaka Kan
Published: July 2017

While searching for transcriptional regulators that respond to changes in light regimes, we identified a MYB domain‐containing protein, MYB2, that accumulates under dark and other conditions in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. The isolation and analysis of a MYB2 mutant revealed that MYB2 represses the expression of the nuclear‐encoded chloroplast RNA polymerase sigma factor gene SIG2, which results in the repression of the chloroplast‐encoded phycobilisome genes that are under its control. Since nuclear‐encoded phycobilisome and other light‐harvesting protein genes are also repressed by MYB2, we conclude that MYB2 has a role in repressing the expression of light‐harvesting genes. The MYB2 mutant is sensitive to a prolonged dark incubation, indicating the importance of MYB2 for cell viability in the dark.
A model for 12CH2D2 and 13CH3D as complementary tracers for the budget of atmospheric CH4
Authors: Haghnegahdar Mojhgan A. , Schauble Edwin A. , Young Edward D.
Published: July 2017

We present a theoretical model to investigate the potential of 13CH3D and 12CH2D2, the doubly substituted mass‐18 isotopologues of methane, as tools for tracking atmospheric methane sources and sinks. We use electronic structure methods to estimate kinetic isotope fractionations associated with the major sink reactions of methane in air (reactions with OH and Cl radicals) and combine literature data with reconnaissance measurements of the relative abundances of 13CH3D and 12CH2D2 to estimate the compositions of the largest atmospheric sources. This model atmospheric budget is investigated with a simplified box model in which we explore both steady state and dynamical (nonsteady state) conditions triggered by changes in emission or sink fluxes. The steady state model predicts that sink reactions will generate a marked (>100‰) clumped isotope excess in atmospheric Δ12CH2D2 relative to the net source composition. 12CH2D2 measurements may thus be useful for tracing both atmospheric source and sink fluxes. The effect of sinks on Δ13CH3D is much less pronounced, indicating that 13CH3D in air will give a more focused picture of the source composition.
Microstructural analysis and calcite piezometry on hydrothermal veins: Insights into the deformation history of the Cocos Plate at Site U1414 (IODP Expedition 344)
Authors: Brandstätter Jennifer , Kurz Walter , Rogowitz Anna
Published: July 2017

In this study we present microstructural data from hydrothermal veins in the sedimentary cover and the igneous basement recovered from Hole U1414A, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 344 (Costa Rica Seismogenesis Project), to constrain deformation mechanism operating in the subducting Cocos Plate. Cathodoluminescence studies, mechanical e‐twin piezometry and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses of carbonate veins were used to give insights into the deformation conditions and to help to understand the tectonic deformation history of the Cocos Plate offshore Costa Rica. Analyses of microstructures in the sedimentary rocks and in the basalt of the igneous basement reveal brittle deformation, as well as crystal‐plastic deformation of the host rock and the vein material. Cathodoluminescence images showed that in the basalt fluid flow and related precipitation occurred over several episodes. The differential stresses, obtained from two different piezometers using the same parameter (twin density), indicate various mean differential stresses of 49 ± 11 and 69 ± 30 MPa and EBSD mapping of calcite veins reveals low‐angle subgrain boundaries. Deformation temperatures are restricted to the range from 170°C to 220°C, due to the characteristics of the existing twins and the lack of high‐temperature intracrystalline deformation mechanisms (>220°C). The obtained results suggest that deformation occurred over a period associated with changes of ambient temperatures, occurrence of fluids and hydrofracturing, induced differential stresses due to the bending of the plate at the trench, and related seismic activity.
A 3D Printed Implantable Device for Voiding the Bladder Using Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Actuators
Authors: Hassani Faezeh Arab , Peh Wendy Yen Xian , Gammad Gil Gerald Lasam , Mogan Roshini Priya , Ng Tze Kiat , Kuo Tricia Li Chuen , Ng Lay Guat , Luu Percy , Yen Shih‐Cheng , Lee Chengkuo
Published: July 2017

Underactive bladder or detrusor underactivity (DU) is defined as a reduction of contraction strength or duration of the bladder wall. Despite the serious healthcare implications of DU, there are limited solutions for affected individuals. A flexible 3D printed implantable device driven by shape memory alloys (SMA) actuators is presented here for the first time to physically contract the bladder to restore voluntary control of the bladder for individuals suffering from DU. This approach is used initially in benchtop experiments with a rubber balloon acting as a model for the rat bladder to verify its potential for voiding, and that the operating temperatures are safe for the eventual implantation of the device in a rat. The device is then implanted and tested on an anesthetized rat, and a voiding volume of more than 8% is successfully achieved for the SMA‐based device without any surgical intervention or drug injection to relax the external sphincter.