bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust PFAS‐Free Superhydrophobicity Exhibited in Hierarchically Nanostructured Coatings on Textiles
Authors: Dignes Caroline , Nicolas Natalie J. , Schroeder Thomas B. H. , Aizenberg Joanna
Published: October 2024

Long chain per‐ and polyfluorinated chemical compounds, commonly referred to as PFAS, historically offered superior breathable and flexible water‐repellent textile finishes on clothing. Now notoriously deemed “forever chemicals” for their environmental persistence and ability to bioaccumulate, they can cause a range of human health impacts including cancer and reproductive harm, which has highlighted the need for less harmful but equally superhydrophobic coatings. Inspired by the microscopically bumpy water‐repellent surfaces of lotus leaves, this work introduces a PFAS‐free hierarchical nanocoating on and within textile substrates using a multistep synthetic approach, involving fabric pretreatment to facilitate a robust particle‐to‐substrate attachment of subsequently infiltrated silica nanoparticles (NPs), followed by surface functionalization of textile‐infiltrated NPs with long‐alkyl‐chain silanes to impart PFAS‐free water repellency. The system is subjected to rigorous wash testing and found consistent superhydrophobic performance after 65 wash cycles. Furthermore, the system can be adapted as a flexible platform technology for a variety of design opportunities by changing the substrate, NP composition, and surface chemistry to suit a variety of applications. Herein, a robust, flexible, and breathable interface between fabric and water that offers a next‐generation PFAS‐free water‐repellent textile coating solution is developed.
Unlocking Molecular Interactions of Biredox Eutectic Electrolyte for Non‐Aqueous Symmetrical Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Peng Chengxin , Li Wanghao , Liu Yue , Cao Yunjie , Niu Zhihui , Luo Jian , Sun Xiaohua , Mao Jianfeng , Min Yulin , Liu T. Leo , Zhao Yu , Dou Shi Xue , Guo Zaiping
Published: October 2024

Biredox deep‐eutectic solvents (DESs)‐based electrolytes have shown unique features in non‐aqueous asymmetrical redox flow batteries (RFBs) that can potentially mitigate the crossover issue. However, strong intermolecular interactions among the electrolyte constituents in DESs bring in practical challenges such as limited mass transfer rates, slow redox kinetics, and degraded cyclability. Here, by using a novel biredox‐type DES based on 4‐methoxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy (4‐MeO‐TEMPO) and 3,3′‐dimethylazobenzene (3,3′‐Azo) as a model electrolyte system, the intermolecular interaction involving in the biredox DESs is unlocked by first‐principles calculations, and their influence on the electrochemical performance of biredox DESs couples is systematically investigated in comprehensive consideration of the solvents and the supporting salts. It demonstrates that employing tetrabutylammonium bis‐trifluoromethane sulfonimidate‐acetonitrile as the supporting electrolyte synergistically weakens the intermolecular interactions within the DESs, thereby significantly promoting the redox kinetics and electrochemical reversibility in non‐aqueous symmetrical RBFs. With such an optimized electrolyte, a prototype symmetrical cell under static mode is capable of delivering a high output voltage of ∼2.15 V, a decent cyclability, and the exceptional rate capability with a current density of 25 mA cm−2. This study provides a simple yet effective way to develop advanced RFBs with dependable electrolyte regulation.
Artificial Skin Based on Visuo‐Tactile Sensing for 3D Shape Reconstruction: Material, Method, and Evaluation
Authors: Zhang Shixin , Yang Yiyong , Sun Yuhao , Liu Nailong , Sun Fuchun , Fang Bin
Published: October 2024

Artificial skin has shown great potential in robot perception and human healthcare. It provides multifunctional tactile sensing, including 3D shape reconstruction, contact feedback, and temperature perception, where the 3D reconstruction function is indispensable for dexterous hands in tactile cognition and interaction. Vision‐based tactile sensor (VTS) is an innovative bionic tactile sensor and supports high‐resolution, high‐precision, and high‐density tactile reconstruction compared with electronic tactile sensors. Considering the unique contribution of visuo‐tactile sensing to artificial skin, this review focuses on the 3D reconstruction techniques of the VTS. 3D reconstruction methods are classified into five categories based on sensing modalities, hardware categories, and modeling approaches: 1) photometric stereo, 2) binocular depth calibration, 3) optical flow, 4) deep learning, and 5) ToF (time of flight). In addition, the association and difference of reconstruction methods are analyzed from the hardware perspective, and the development and technological details of 3D reconstruction are summarized. On this basis, the challenges and development direction are discussed. This review can be viewed as a technology guide to provide references for interested researchers. Furthermore, it is expected to promote the extensive application of the VTS in artificial skins.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Nano‐Orchestrators for Precisely Regulated Immunogenic Cell Death as Potent Cancer Vaccines
Authors: Teng Yulu , Yang Zhenzhen , Peng Yiwei , Yang Yiliang , Chen Siyu , Li Jiajia , Gao Datong , Sun Wen , Wu Zinan , Zhou Yanxia , Li Xinru , Qi Xianrong
Published: October 2024

Dying tumor cells regulated by immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers are promising candidates for cancer vaccine development because of their comprehensive antigen spectrum. However, their limited immunogenicity and potential tumorigenicity hinder clinical translation. To address these challenges, a nano‐orchestrator is developed that targets the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a critical pre‐ICD event, to optimize the “precise dose” of ER stress. Using a clinical‐range irradiation fluence (50‒200 J cm−2) with an 808 nm laser, the release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and antigens are precisely regulated. A fluence of 150 J cm−2 (2 W cm−2 for 75 s) increases dendritic cell maturation and antitumor T cell proliferation, providing valuable clinical insights. The ER stress nano‐orchestrator enhances both adjuvanticity and antigenicity via the protein kinase R‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)‐C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) pathway to regulate ICD‐induced DAMPs and promote tumor cell apoptosis. These optimized ER stress phototherapeutic dying tumor cells can serve as prophylactic vaccines, achieving a remarkable 100% success rate against tumor rechallenge in vivo. Additionally, the nano‐orchestrator shows the potential to develop in situ therapeutic tumor vaccines when combined with anti‐PD‐L1 treatment, providing important insights into enhancing the efficacy of immune checkpoint regulators by modulating endogenous immune responses.
Magneto‐Thermal Hydrogel Swarms for Targeted Lesion Sealing
Authors: Chen Ziheng , Chen Hui , Fang Kaiwen , Liu Na , Yu Jiangfan
Published: October 2024

Magnetic microswarms capable of performing navigation to targeted lesions show great potential for in vivo medical applications. However, using the swarms for lesion cavity filling encounters challenges from precise delivery and sealing. Herein, this work develops a magneto‐thermal hydrogel swarm consisting of magnetic hydrogel particles, which can perform phase transition induced by temperature change. The particles are prepared using a temperature‐responsive hydrogel matrix, tissue adhesive monomers, and magnetic microparticles. The swarms can be remolded to various shapes, and it can be used to seal perforation in phantom and gastric tissue. The swarms can also serve as drug carriers, and their drug release profiles induced by temperature changes are characterized. Finally, the targeted delivery, adaptive filling, and sealing of a gastric ulcer using the swarms are achieved in ex vivo and in vivo environments.
Scanning Acousto‐Optoelectric Spectroscopy on a Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayer
Authors: Nysten Emeline D. S. , Weiß Matthias , Mayer Benjamin , Petzak Tobias M. , Wurstbauer Ursula , Krenner Hubert J.
Published: October 2024

The charge carrier dynamics are investigated by surface acoustic waves (SAWs) inside a WSe2 monolayer on LiNbO3 by scanning acousto‐optoelectric spectroscopy. A strong enhancement of the PL emission intensity is observed almost over the entire area of the flake. This enhancement increases with increasing amplitude of the wave and is especially strong at or in the vicinity to defects. The latter is attributed to the SAW‐driven Poole–Frenkel activation of trapped charge carriers bound to trapping sites at these defects. In addition, the PL intensity exhibit clear periodic modulations at the SAW's frequency fSAW and at 2 fSAW. These modulations are clear and unambiguous fingerprints of spatio‐temporal carrier dynamics driven by the SAW. These occur on sub‐nanosecond timescales which are found in good agreement with calculated exciton dissociation times. Mapping and analyzing both effects, this study shows that scanning acousto‐electric spectroscopy provides a highly sensitive and local contact‐free probe which uncovers distinct local features not resolved by conventional quasi‐static photoluminescence techniques. The method is ideally suited to study carrier transport in 2D and other types of nanoscale materials and to reveal dynamic exciton modulation, and carrier localization and activation dynamics in the technologically important megahertz to gigahertz frequency range.
Efficient and Ultrastable Seawater Electrolysis at Industrial Current Density with Strong Metal‐Support Interaction and Dual Cl−‐Repelling Layers
Authors: Liu Dong , Wei Xiaotian , Lu Jianxi , Wang Xin , Liu Kai , Cai Yaohai , Qi Yingwei , Wang Lei , Ai Haoqiang , Wang Zhenbo
Published: October 2024

Direct seawater electrolysis is emerging as a promising renewable energy technology for large‐scale hydrogen generation. The development of Os‐Ni4Mo/MoO2 micropillar arrays with strong metal‐support interaction (MSI) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for seawater electrolysis is reported. The micropillar structure enhances electron and mass transfer, extending catalytic reaction steps and improving seawater electrolysis efficiency. Theoretical and experimental studies demonstrate that the strong MSI between Os and Ni4Mo/MoO2 optimizes the surface electronic structure of the catalyst, reducing the reaction barrier and thereby improving catalytic activity. Importantly, for the first time, a dual Cl− repelling layer is constructed by electrostatic force to safeguard active sites against Cl− attack during seawater oxidation. This includes a strong Os─Cl adsorption and an in situ‐formed MoO42− layer. As a result, the Os‐Ni4Mo/MoO2 catalyst exhibits an ultralow overpotential of 113 and 336 mV to reach 500 mA cm−2 for HER and OER in natural seawater from the South China Sea (without purification, with 1 m KOH added). Notably, it demonstrates superior stability, degrading only 0.37 µV h−1 after 2500 h of seawater oxidation, significantly surpassing the technical target of 1.0 µV h−1 set by the United States Department of Energy.
Metal‐Based Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Bu Yunfei , Ma Rong , Wang Yaobin , Zhao Yunxia , Li Feng , Han Gao‐Feng , Baek Jong‐Beom
Published: October 2024

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a high‐value chemical widely used in electronics, textiles, paper bleaching, medical disinfection, and wastewater treatment. Traditional production methods, such as the anthraquinone oxidation process and direct synthesis, require high energy consumption, and involve risks from toxic substances and explosions. Researchers are now exploring photochemical, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical synthesis methods to reduce energy use and pollution. This review focuses on the 2‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) for the electrochemical synthesis of H2O2, and discusses how catalyst active sites influence O2 adsorption. Strategies to enhance H2O2 selectivity by regulating these sites are presented. Catalysts require strong O2 adsorption to initiate reactions and weak *OOH adsorption to promote H2O2 formation. The review also covers advances in single‐atom catalysts (SACs), multi‐metal‐based catalysts, and highlights non‐noble metal oxides, especially perovskite oxides, for their versatile structures and potential in 2e− ORR. The potential of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects to enhance catalyst performance is also discussed. In conclusion, emphasis is placed on optimizing catalyst structures through theoretical and experimental methods to achieve efficient and selective H2O2 production, aiming for sustainable and commercial applications.
Enhanced Laser Damage Threshold in Optically Addressable Light Valves via Aluminum Nitride Photoconductors
Authors: Ghandiparsi Soroush , Chatterjee Bikram , Shen Jimmy‐Xuan , Gottlieb Miranda S. , Frye Clint D. , Schneider Joseph D. , Muir Ryan D. , Buckley Brandon W. , Harrison Sara E. , Shao Qinghui , Varley Joel B. , Voss Lars F.
Published: October 2024

Optically addressable light valves (OALVs) are specialized optical components utilized for spatial beam shaping in various laser‐based applications, including optics damage mitigation, and enhanced functionality in diode‐based additive manufacturing requiring high intensities. Current state‐of‐the‐art OALVs employ photoconductors such as Bismuth Silicon Oxide (BSO) or Bismuth Germanium Oxide (BGO), which suffer from limited laser‐induced damage thresholds (LiDT) and inadequate thermal conductivities, thus restricting their use in high peak and average power applications. Aluminum nitride (AlN), an emerging ultra‐wide band gap (UWBG) III–V semiconductor, offers promising optoelectronic properties and superior thermal conductivity (>300 Wm−1K−1 at 298° K, compared to BSO's 3.29 Wm−1K−1). In this study, the first AlN‐based OALVs are designed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated using commercially available single‐crystal AlN substrates. These AlN‐based OALVs have shown clear superiority over BSO and BGO‐based devices. Design considerations for OALVs incorporating UWBG photoconductors are discussed, and the photoresponsivity from defect‐mediated sub‐bandgap absorption in AlN crystals is verified as sufficient for OALVs operating under high light fluences. The optimum driving voltage for the AlN‐based OALV is determined to be ≈ 45 Vpp at 100 Hz, achieving a transmittance of 91.3%, an extinction ratio (ER) of more than 100, and a 51:1 image contrast.
Surface Engineering and Nb2CTx‐Modulated CsPbCl3 Perovskite for Self‐Powered UV Photodetectors with Ultrahigh Responsivity
Authors: Luo Guangcan , Wang Yabing , Mao Mingfen , Cen Baofen , Wang Tengfei , Li Qinghong , Liu Kaixiang , Zhang Jing , Luo Shengyun , Kong Pengfei
Published: October 2024

All‐inorganic CsPbCl3 perovskite has emerged as a promising material for ultraviolet (UV) photodetection, attributed to its appropriate bandgap and exceptional optoelectronic properties. However, the suboptimal film‐forming quality of the solution process, as well as the instability of films induced by UV radiation and the annealing process, have limited its popularization and application. Herein, the buried layer is pretreated with N, N‐dimethylacetamide (DMF) to improve surface hydrophilicity and facilitate the anchoring of Pb2+. Additionally, Nb2CTx is incorporated into the PbCl2 precursor solution to enhance the quality of CsPbCl3 films. Following surface engineering and Nb2CTx modification (CsPbCl3@Nb2CTx), the morphology and optoelectronic properties of CsPbCl3 films are optimized. Furthermore, the effect of lattice strain and defect state‐induced interface state on the nonradiative charge recombination is mitigated. Ultimately, the UV photodetector fabricated on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO)/SnO2/CsPbCl3@Nb2CTx/Au architecture exhibits outstanding performance including remarkably high responsivity (up to 990 mA W−1), significant specific detectivity (1.03 × 1011 cm Hz1/2 W−1), and rapid rise/decay time (0.24/0.32 µs) under self‐powered mode, with markedly improved stability as well. This approach presents a novel strategy for optimizing CsPbCl3 films through MXene modulation as an immense potential absorb layer for UV photodetector.
Best Practices in Developing a Workflow for Uncertainty Quantification for Modeling the Biodegradation of Mg‐Based Implants
Authors: AlBaraghtheh Tamadur , Willumeit‐Römer Regine , Zeller‐Plumhoff Berit
Published: October 2024

Computational models of electrochemical biodegradation of magnesium (Mg)‐based implants are uncertain. To quantify the model uncertainty, iterative evaluations are needed. This presents a challenge, especially for complex, multiscale models as is the case here. Approximating high‐cost and complex models with easy‐to‐evaluate surrogate models can reduce the computational burden. However, the application of this approach to complex degradation models remains limited and understudied. This work provides a workflow to quantify different types of uncertainty within biodegradation models. Three surrogate models—Kriging, polynomial chaos expansion, and polynomial chaos Kriging—are compared based on the minimum number of samples required for surrogate model construction, surrogate model accuracy, and computational time. The surrogate models are tested for three computational models representing Mg‐based implant biodegradation. Global sensitivity analysis and uncertainty propagation are used to analyze the uncertainties associated with the different models. The findings indicate that Kriging proves effective for calibrating diverse computational models with minimal computational time and cost, while polynomial chaos expansion and polynomial chaos Kriging exhibit greater capability in predicting propagated uncertainties within the computational models.
Engineering Lattice Oxygen Regeneration of NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Enhances Oxygen Evolution Catalysis Durability
Authors: Wu Fengyu , Tian Fenyang , Li Menggang , Geng Shuo , Qiu Longyu , He Lin , Li Lulu , Chen Zhaoyu , Yu Yongsheng , Yang Weiwei , Hou Yanglong
Published: October 2024

The lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) endows NiFe layered double hydroxide (NiFe‐LDH) with superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity, yet the frequent evolution and sluggish regeneration of lattice oxygen intensify the dissolution of active species. Herein, we overcome this challenge by constructing the NiFe hydroxide/Ni4Mo alloy (NiFe‐LDH/Ni4Mo) heterojunction electrocatalyst, featuring the Ni4Mo alloy as the oxygen pump to provide oxygenous intermediates and electrons for NiFe‐LDH. The released lattice oxygen can be timely offset by the oxygenous species during the LOM process, balancing the regeneration of lattice oxygen and assuring the enhancement of the durability. In consequence, the durability of NiFe‐LDH is significantly enhanced after the modification of Ni4Mo with an impressive durability for over 60 h, much longer than that of NiFe‐LDH counterpart with only 10 h. In situ spectra and first‐principle simulations reveal that the adsorption of OH− is significantly strengthened owing to the introduction of Ni4Mo, ensuring the rapid regeneration of lattice oxygen. Moreover, NiFe‐LDH/Ni4Mo‐based anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) presents an impressive durability for over 150 h at 100 mA cm−2. The oxygen pump strategy opens opportunities to balance the evolution and regeneration of lattice oxygen, enhancing the durability of efficient OER catalysts.
Eine DNA‐Polymerase‐Variante erkennt den epigenetischen Marker 5‐Methylcytosin durch erhöhten Fehleinbau
Authors: Henkel Melanie , Fillbrunn Alexander , Marchand Virginie , Raghunathan Govindan , Berthold Michael R. , Motorin Yuri , Marx Andreas
Published: October 2024

Eine Dysregulation der DNA‐Methylierung wird mit der Entstehung humaner Krankheiten, insbesondere Krebs, in Verbindung gebracht. Die Untersuchung abnormaler Methylierungsmuster ist daher vielversprechend für die klinische Diagnostik. DNA‐Polymerasen unterscheiden jedoch nicht effektiv zwischen der Umsetzung von 5‐Methylcytosin (5 mC) und unmethyliertem Cytosin, wodurch die Methylierungsinformation während der Amplifikation oder Sequenzierung verloren geht. Aktuelle Nachweismethoden erfordern daher mehrstufige DNA‐Konversionsbehandlungen oder eine sorgfältige Analyse der Sequenzierungsdaten, um einzelne 5 mC‐Basen zu entschlüsseln. Um diese Herausforderung zu überwinden, schlagen wir einen neuartigen DNA‐Polymerase‐vermittelten Ansatz zur Detektion von 5 mC vor. Hier beschreiben wir die Entwicklung einer thermostabilen DNA‐Polymerase‐Variante aus Thermus aquaticus, die eine veränderte Genauigkeit für 5 mC aufweist. Durch einen Screening‐Ansatz konnten wir eine DNA‐Polymerase identifizieren, die während der DNA‐Synthese einen erhöhten Fehleinbau gegenüber 5 mC zeigt. Diese DNA‐Polymerase erzeugt Mutationssignaturen an methylierten CpG‐Stellen, die einen direkten Nachweis von 5 mC durch das Auslesen einer erhöhten Fehlerrate nach der Sequenzierung ohne vorherige Behandlung der Proben‐DNA erlaubt.
A Poly(2,7‐anthrylene) with peri‐Fused Porphyrin Edges
Authors: Gu Yanwei , Xiang Feifei , Liang Yamei , Bai Peizhi , Qiu Zijie , Chen Qiang , Narita Akimitsu , Xie Yinjun , Fasel Roman , Müllen Klaus
Published: October 2024

Anthracene has served as an important building block of conjugated polymers with the connecting positions playing a crucial role for the electronic structures. Herein, anthracene units have been coupled through their 2,7‐carbons to develop an unprecedented, conjugated polymer, namely, poly(2,7‐anthrylene) featuring additional peri‐fused porphyrin edges. The synthesis starts from a 2,7‐dibromo‐9‐nickel(II) porphyrinyl‐anthracene as the pivotal precursor. Polymerization is achieved by an AA‐type Yamamoto coupling, followed by a polymer‐analogous oxidative cyclodehydrogenation to obtain a peri‐fusion between porphyrin and anthracene moieties. Although further cyclodehydrogenation between the repeating units cannot be achieved in solution, the thermal treatment of the precursor polymer derived from 2,7‐dibromo‐9‐porphyrinyl‐anthracene on a metal surface realizes the full cyclodehydrogenation. The difference between solution and on‐surface reactivity can be rationalized by the larger dihedral angle between repeat units in solution, which is reduced under the pronounced interaction with the metal surface. The peri‐fusion in the title polymer gives rise to a narrow electronic band gap optical absorptions extending far into the near‐infrared region. Oligomeric models are synthesized as well to support the analyses of the electronic and photophysical properties.
Stable Xanthene Radicals and Their Heavy Chalcogen Analogues Showing Tunable Doublet Emission from Green to Near‐infrared
Authors: Jiang Wanqing , Wu Shaofei , Xu Duo , Tu Liangjing , Xie Yujun , Pasqués‐Gramage Pablo , Boj Pedro G. , Díaz‐García María A. , Li Feng , Wu Jishan , Li Zhen
Published: October 2024

Organic luminescent radicals, unlike traditional closed‐shell fluorescent emitters, exhibit distinct luminescence mechanisms, offering promising potential for optoelectronic devices. To date, stable luminescent radicals have predominantly been confined to polychlorinated triphenylmethyl radicals, underscoring the need for new platforms to expand their emission spectra. In this study, we report the synthesis of stable 9‐aryl‐substituted xanthene radicals and their heavy chalcogen analogues (1 a–c and 2 a–c), which exhibited excellent chemical stability and emission ranging from green to near‐infrared (527–714 nm). Notably, the selenium‐substituted radical (1 c) demonstrates a significantly enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield of 41 % when doped into its precursor solid. Additionally, the introduction of methoxyphenyl groups has largely enhanced the stability of the radical, showcasing an excellent photostability with the longest half‐life of around 1792 h. The high internal quantum efficiency of up to 81 % was further validated in organic light‐emitting diode. This study introduces a novel class of stable carbon‐centered radicals with high tunability and functionality for photoelectric applications.
Kaempferol Extends Male Lifespan Under Blue Light Irradiation in Drosophila
Authors: He Qimeng , Jin Hui , Shen Jie
Published: October 2024

Short‐wavelength blue light is ubiquitous in daily life and has a lasting destructive influence. Its potential harm to biological health is significant. This study used Drosophila as a model organism to investigate the protective effects of kaempferol, a flavonoid, against the toxicity of blue light. It also examined its physiological effects on Drosophila under blue light irradiation. In this experiment, fruit flies were fed with three different concentrations of kaempferol solutions (0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 mol/L) dissolved in food. The survival rate and physiological indexes of Drosophila were investigated under blue light irradiation of 2500 lux. The results showed that 0.1 mol/L kaempferol increased the activity of male flies during the day and significantly extended the male survival time under blue light irradiation. However, the study found that kaempferol did not significantly prolong the survival time of Drosophila in the oxidative stress experiment, and no significant difference was observed in the feeding experiment. In summary, our research found that kaempferol, at the concentration of 0.1 mol/L, has a protective effect on Drosophila under blue light irradiation, potentially achieved through alterations in circadian rhythm.
Eucalyptus oil nanoemulsion for enhanced skin deposition of fluticasone propionate in psoriatic plaques: A combinatorial anti‐inflammatory effect to suppress implicated cytokines
Authors: Ashraf Mohamed , El‐Sawy Hossam S. , El Zaafarany Ghada M. , Abdel‐Mottaleb Mona M. A.
Published: October 2024

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects patients' quality of life. This study aimed to enhance the efficacy of topical application of fluticasone propionate (FP) using a eucalyptus oil‐based nanoemulsion, an oil possessing anti‐inflammatory activity and extracted from the leaves, fruits, and buds of Eucalyptus globulus or Eucalyptus maidenii, to improve the skin deposition of FP and aid its anti‐inflammatory effect. Box‐Behnken design was employed to optimize NE formulations, which were characterized for globule size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, rheological behavior, microscopic morphology, ex vivo skin permeation/deposition, and in vivo efficacy using imiquimod‐induced psoriatic lesions. The optimized formulation depicted a droplet size of 188 ± 22.4 nm, a zeta potential of −17.63 ± 1.66 mV, and a viscosity of 204.9 mPa s. In addition to the increased FP retention in different skin layers caused by the NE and the reduced PASI score compared to the marketed cream, the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL17a were markedly lowered, indicating the improved anti‐psoriatic curable efficacy of the optimized formulation in comparison to the FP‐marketed product.
Evolutionary characteristics, influencing factors of livestock and poultry meat production in China and its future trends
Authors: Li Pengcheng , Hoste Robert , Zhu Zengyong , Zhao Kai , Liu Chang , Yang Xinyi , Xu Xiwei
Published: October 2024

An accurate grasp of the current situation and the development trend of livestock and poultry meat production in China is helpful to better ensure the adequate and stable supply of the meat market. In this paper, the trend and characteristics of China's livestock and poultry meat production over the past 30 years are analyzed from four aspects: production, structure, layout, and operation scale. The main factors affecting the evolution of China's livestock and poultry meat production from both internal and external aspects of the industry are explored. Finally, the development trend of the livestock and poultry industry in China is forecast based on the social and economic development trends and industry policy.
Green cryptocurrency and business strategies: Framework and insights from a stewardship literature review
Authors: Arora Ruchi , Kapoor Meera , Singh Nidhi , Yaqub Muhammad Zafar
Published: October 2024

This study critically evaluates the extant research on green cryptocurrency (GC). It incorporates the systematic literature review (SLR) approach of research executed through the analysis and compilation of 54 relevant studies. The focus is on identifying and interpreting the thematic foci and existing gaps about GC to inform potential areas of future research. The SLR findings aggregated the research around key themes: interconnectedness, portfolio diversification, environmental impact, green blockchain, behavioral impact, and regulatory policy. Additionally, the study develops the research profile of the selected studies in terms of data analysis methodology, research findings, variables investigated, and critical knowledge gaps in the literature corpus. The study proffers an integrated framework and actionable inferences for supporting the merits of novel research and regulatory project applications in GC. It is crucial for understanding and advancing research in the GC domain, which currently has scant academic literature and efforts toward sustainable investment.
Rare case of massive inguinal dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: A case report
Authors: Riaz Abdul Ahad , Naseer Faisal , Malik Linta , Khan Allahdad , Kamal Aseel , Habib Mudasira
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical Message

DFSP is a cutaneous soft tissue sarcoma. A 35 year old male patient presented with DFSP in the inguinal region which is a rare soft tissue sarcoma which usually presents in the torso, occurring very rarely in the inguinal region. Hence in case of any swelling in the inguinal region, DFSP should be in differential diagnosis.
A‐Site Regulated (PrBa)xCo1.5Fe0.5O6−δ Double Perovskite Oxides: Highly Active and Durable Electrocatalysts for the Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Fu Changjing , Ma Shibo , Xu Huizhu , Zhao Weiling , Xie Xuedong , Cang Tiantian
Published: October 2024

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) represents a significant bottleneck in many energy technologies such as electrochemical water splitting, metal‐oxygen (O) batteries, and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) because of the complexity of the reaction process. Double perovskite oxides (ABO3), recognized for their compositional flexibility, have emerged as excellent OER activity and stability. This study investigates the catalytic potential of A‐site‐ordered double ABO3 with (PrBa)xCo1.5Fe0.5O6δ (PBCF−x, x = 0.9–1.1) in alkaline media. The results reveal that PBCF−0.9, characterized by an A‐site‐deficient composition, exhibits exceptional OER activity. It demonstrates a low Tafel slope of 76.12 mV⋅dec−1 and a low overpotential (η) of 270 mV at 10 mA⋅cm−2. Notably, the intrinsic OER activity of PBCF−0.9 is 25% higher than that of the stoichiometric PBCF−1.0. Additionally, PBCF−0.9 exhibits remarkable durability, as evidenced by its stable performance during a 6‐h chronopotentiometry (CP) test and minimal microstructural changes. These results underscore the effectiveness of A‐site deficiency in optimizing the structure of double ABO3 for improved OER performance. This approach presents a promising strategy for designing highly efficient, stable, and inexpensive catalysts for energy‐related applications.
The Use of a Cativa‐Type Catalyst for the Self‐Reductive Decarbonylation of Long Chain Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids into Noralkanes
Authors: Fukuyama Takahide , Kaneko Masaya , Fukunaga Takayuki , Ryu Ilhyong
Published: October 2024

The one‐carbon degradation  of aliphatic carboxylic acids has been studied using a H2IrCl6‐Ru(CO)4I2 bimetallic catalyst. Alkanes, RH, have been obtained from the corresponding RCOOH in good to near quantitative yields via a process that is thought to involve (i) a decarbonylation process that involves the formation of alkenes along with CO and H2O, (ii) a water–gas shift (WGS) reaction to give H2 and CO2, and (iii) the hydrogenation of the resulting alkenes.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Desulfurative Coupling of Alkyl Benzothiazolyl Sulfides with Electron‐Deficient Alkenes/Alkynes: Dual Role of Base‐Activated Hantzsch Esters
Authors: Sengoku Tetsuya , Matsune Koki , Shimotori Takuma , Kikuchi Nagisa , Hijikata Haruto , Nishioka Shun , Takahashi Reo
Published: October 2024

Hantzsch ester (HEH) is a bench‐stable compound used in hydrogenation and photoinduced reactions, where it acts as a photoreductant and an electron donor. In this study, we describe a new use of this classical reductant in the visible‐light‐induced desulfurative coupling of alkyl benzothiazolyl sulfides with electron‐deficient alkenes/alkynes via activation with base additives. C(sp3)─S scission is achieved through catalyst‐free HEH anion‐mediated reactions and organo‐photocatalysis. The synthetic utility is illustrated with several examples of derivatization of natural products, including monosaccharides. In addition, mechanistic investigations reveal that the HEH anion acts as a photoreductant in catalyst‐free reactions and as a sacrificial reductant in the organo‐photocatalysis.
Manganese(II) Porphyrin and Cumyl Hydroperoxide: An Efficient Catalyst for Aryl‐Pentazole C−N Bond Cleavage
Authors: Zhao Feng , Chen Lei , Chen Xiang , Song Bin , Gao Pengxiang , Gao Chao , Du Yang , Sun Chengguo , Liu Xuemin , Liu Zhongquan , Ju Xuehai , Hu Bingcheng , Zhang Chong
Published: October 2024

The selective cleavage of C−N bonds in N‐containing compounds holds significant research value in organic synthesis, particularly for the synthesis of promising polynitrogen species. For instance, the discovery of the cyclo‐pentazolate (cyclo‐N5−) anion in 2017 as a result of cleavage of the C−N bond has sparked interest within the field of high energy density materials. However, previous methods using ferrous glycinate and m‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid generated the cyclo‐N5− anion in a low yield of 19.5 % after 24 hours, and the mechanism remained unclear. In this study, we developed an efficient catalytic system comprising Mn (II) tetraphenylporphyrin and cumyl hydroperoxide. This system enables the cyclo‐N5− anion to be produced from 3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxyphenylpentazole in 35.4 % yield in 4 hours. Characterization of Mn(IV)‐oxo porphyrins, ⋅CH3, and ⋅C8H8ON5 radicals provides evidence for the mechanism whereby the cyclo‐N5− anion forms. Our study underscores the competitive potential of radical‐initiated selective C−N bonds cleavage in N‐arylazoles and opens avenues for further exploration in this field.
Dual Photoredox and Titanium Catalyzed Regioselective Allenylation of Aldehydes via Reductive Radical‐Polar Crossover
Authors: Xiao Zulin , Shang Wenzhe , Huang Tao , He Lei , Li Jingyao , Luo Shen , He Xiaoxia , Li Xiang , Li Fusheng
Published: October 2024

Comprehensive Summary

The direct reductive coupling of carbonyl compounds with propargyl halides is a powerful and reliable tool in the synthesis of α‐allenols. However, stoichiometric metal reductants, harsh reaction conditions and a variety of additional additives are required in the traditional strategies. Additionally, the reactivity and regioselectivity control remains an elusive challenge. Herein, we developed the Ti‐catalyzed regioselective reductive coupling of readily available aldehydes and racemic propargyl bromides to rapidly access a wide range of α‐allenols. This method proceed efficiently in a reductive radical‐polar crossover manner featuring mild conditions, excellent regioselectivity control, broad substrate scope, and eco‐friendliness. Preliminary mechanistic studies support the radical‐involved catalytic cycle. And the DFT calculations demonstrate that the regioselectivity is determined by the Zimmerman‐Traxler‐type transition states.
Recent Advances of Boron‐Containing Chiral Luminescent Materials†
Authors: Di Jiaqi , Han Shuran , Chen Pangkuan
Published: October 2024

Comprehensive Summary

As a class of organic dyes, boron‐containing compounds play an important role in organic luminescent materials. They have attracted considerable attention due to their unique photophysical properties. Chiral luminescent systems have a wide range of practical applications in biological imaging, optoelectronic devices, information storage and 3D display. Boron‐containing chiral luminescent materials can not only effectively improve the luminescent properties of CPL materials, but also bring unique properties to the system, which enables them to be used as favorable CPL emitting materials for an expanded range of applications. Here, we review the research progress of boron‐containing chiral luminescent materials by the detailed discuss according to different chiral skeletons, such as point chirality, 1,1’‐binaphthyl, [n]helicenes, [2,2]paracyclophane and pillar[5]arenes. We believe that this review is of significance for the development of boron‐containing compounds and CPL materials.

Key Scientists

The studies of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) based on small organic molecules have advanced significantly. However, boron‐containing chiral luminescent materials have gained attention only in recent years. In 2019, Zhao's group prepared a binaphthalene derivative modified with triarylborane, representing the organic small molecule luminescent material to exhibit CPL characteristics responsive to both solvent and fluoride ions. In 2020, the Chen's group used the unique luminescence properties and steric effects of triarylborane and triphenylamine to prepare CPL materials based on the planar chiral pillar[5]arenes. In 2021, Wang's group developed a new class of B,N‐embedded double hetero[7]helicenes molecules that exhibit strong chiroptical responses in the UV‐visible region. In the same year, He's group used asymmetric reactions to synthesize boron‐based point‐chirality compounds with high efficiency and enantioselectivity. In 2023, Ravat synthesized 1,4‐B,N‐embedded helicenes exhibiting narrow‐band fluorescence and CPL. During this period, Matthias Wagner et al obtained (BO)2‐doped tetrathia[7]helicene via an efficient four‐step synthesis, and Zheng reported the nearly pure green circularly polarized electroluminescent device (CP‐OLED). In 2024, Chen's group prepared B,N‐embedded hetero‐[9]helicenes offering a pathway towards significantly enhanced efficiency in helicene‐based CPEL.
Ca(Mo,W)O4 Solid Solutions Formation in CaMoO4‐CaWO4 System
Authors: Khramtsova D.M. , Kuznetsov A.B. , Grigorieva V.D. , Ryadun A.A. , Musikhin A.E. , Kokh K.A.
Published: October 2024

The formation of solid solutions in the CaMoO4‐CaWO4 binary system is investigated by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy methods. The intermixtures of CaMoO4 and CaWO4 components are sintered in 600—1200 °C temperature range (in 100 °C increments). The solidus of the CaMoxW(1‐x)O4 system is studied by the differential scanning calorimetry method in the x  =  0.3 … 1.0 range. CaMoO4‐CaWO4 phase diagram is constructed up to 1550 °C. The minimal sintering temperature in order to get CaMoxW(1‐x)O4 solid solution is shown to be 800 °C. Cathodoluminescence study of CaMoxW(1‐x)O4 compounds showed higher intensity of molybdate luminescence type.
Guidelines for Rigorous and Reproducible Research on Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder: Commentary on Dang et al. (2024)
Authors: Keel Pamela K.
Published: October 2024

Dang et al.'s review concludes that atypical anorexia nervosa (atypical AN), purging disorder (PD), and night eating syndrome (NES) are clinically significant and severe eating disorders (EDs). However, findings are unlikely to alter their status in future editions of the DSM due to limitations in the literature to date. Guidelines are offered to promote rigorous and reproducible research on other specified feeding or eating disorder OSFED. First, published research diagnostic criteria for atypical AN, PD, and NES should be consistently used to ensure findings across studies reflect the same conditions. Second, operational definitions are recommended for “recurrent” as at least twice within a 3‐month period, minimum duration as at least 1 month, and “significant weight loss” as >5% BMI reduction within 1 month. Third, Thomas's and Gydus's trumping scheme for differential diagnosis of OSFED subcategories is endorsed but should prioritize identifying treatment targets based on medical morbidity over mirroring existing diagnostic algorithms. Fourth, a systematic approach for establishing clinical significance is recommended that explicitly notes medical risk associated with malnutrition, purging and nonpurging behaviors, and relevance of marked distress related to binge eating and body image disturbance. Adoption of these guidelines will facilitate necessary research on clinical utility.
OSFED Subtypes: The Need for Better Definitions
Authors: Attia Evelyn , Guarda Angela S.
Published: October 2024

Other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED) is a diagnostic category in DSM‐5 describing individuals with clinically significant eating behavioral disturbances that do not meet criteria for full‐threshold eating disorder diagnoses. OSFED includes five example subgroups: atypical anorexia nervosa, sub‐threshold bulimia nervosa, sub‐threshold binge‐eating disorder, purging disorder, and night eating syndrome. A recent review of OSFED by Dang et al. aims to examine differences between OSFED and full‐threshold eating disorders as well as between OSFED and healthy populations but is limited by the lack of clear definitions of OSFED subtypes and methodological differences across studies. Clearer diagnostic definitions for OSFED subtypes are needed. Consideration should also be given to indicators of lifetime history of full‐threshold conditions, diagnostic drift, and remission criteria as OSFED categories undergo further study.
Seasonal Patterns of Resource Use Within Natural Populations of Burying Beetles
Authors: Issar Swastika , Leroy Chloé , d'Ettorre Patrizia , Kilner Rebecca M.
Published: October 2024

For organisms in temperate environments, seasonal variation in resource availability and weather conditions exert fluctuating selection pressures on survival and fitness, resulting in diverse adaptive responses. By manipulating resource availability on a local spatial scale, we studied seasonal patterns of resource use within natural populations of burying beetles Nicrophorus vespilloides in a Norfolk woodland. Burying beetles are necrophagous insects that breed on vertebrate carcasses. They are active in Europe between April and October, after which they burrow into the soil and overwinter. Using breeding and chemical analyses, we compared the fecundity and physiological state of beetles that differed in their seasonal resource use. We found seasonal variation in carrion use by wild burying beetles and correlated differences in their reproductive success and cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. Our results provide novel insight into the seasonal correlates of behaviour, physiology and life history in burying beetles.
Oreocharis scutifolia (Gesneriaceae), a Peltate‐Leaved New Species From the Dry–Hot Valley of the Jinsha River Basin, Yunnan, China
Authors: Xie Zhi , Peng Na‐Na , Zhang Miao , Ding Guo‐En , Wen Fang , Kong Hang‐Hui
Published: October 2024

A peltate‐leaved new species, Oreocharis scutifolia Z. Xie & H. H. Kong, endemic to the Dry–Hot Valley of the Jinsha River Basin, Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated here. It is similar to O. cordatula (Craib) Pellegr. and O. aurantiaca Baill. in floral characters but differs in its peltate leaf blades, which are unique in the genus (and only occur in one population of O. henryana Oliv., but its flowers are smaller, campanulate, and deep purple). Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on transcriptome data confirmed its systematic position to be sister group with O. henryana, O. cordatula, O. minor Pellegr., and O. aurantiaca Baill. (LPP = 1), and well apart from the remaining members of the genus. The new species O. scutifolia is assessed as “Critically Endangered” following the IUCN categories and criteria, due to its small and single population, thus making it face serious threats from human disturbance, invasive plants, shrinking habitat, and decreasing habitat quality.
Using Genetic Data to Determine Origin for Out‐Migrating Smolt and Returning Adult Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a Southeast Alaska Drainage
Authors: Barfuss Evan J. , Brown Bridey E. , Sachdeva Shriya , Smith Asher B. , Thrower Frank P. , Waters Charles D. , Nichols Krista M. , Hale Matthew C.
Published: October 2024

Oncorhynchus mykiss is a partially migratory salmonid species, and many migratory populations (known as steelhead) have declined in recent decades in the western United States and Canada. Closely related resident populations (known as rainbow trout) may be an effective resource in the recovery of these declining migratory populations. However, the extent to which different populations of resident rainbow trout produce migratory individuals and how likely these individuals are to return as adults to spawn remains unknown. One limitation to answering these questions is the identification of loci that accurately segregate between migratory and resident populations. To address this limitation, we used existing genomic data from a well‐studied population of O. mykiss from Southeastern Alaska (Sashin Creek) to identify loci that segregate between phenotypes. We then utilized Double Mismatch Allele‐Specific qPCR (DMAS‐qPCR) to genotype 233 smolts out‐migrating from Sashin Creek and 99 returning adult steelhead trout across a five‐year period to determine (a) the origin of out‐migrating smolts and returning adults and (b) to quantify the extent to which the resident population contributes to the migratory population. Our results show that 37.3% of out‐migrating smolts were produced from resident parents, whereas 19.3% of returning adults had resident parents. Ultimately, these results demonstrate that resident populations of rainbow trout produce migrant offspring that successfully complete their migration and return to spawn, increasing population sizes and likely improving genetic diversity. Therefore, conservation efforts should consider landlocked resident populations for producing smolts when developing recovery plans for migratory steelhead populations.
Assessing the Effects of Habitat Loss and Deterioration on a Red Squirrel Translocation Site: Insights for Future Conservation Management
Authors: Reilly Emily , Lawton Colin
Published: October 2024

Translocations, a conservation tool used to conserve and restore dwindling species, are often associated with high failure rates. Inadequate long‐term monitoring of both populations and their introduction sites beyond the initial years post‐translocation creates a gap in our understanding of the factors that determine translocation success or failure, resulting in less informed projects in the future. This lack of long‐term monitoring is partly caused by the absence of a well‐defined framework by which the success of the translocation can be measured, leading to premature and sometimes inaccurate assessments of their outcome. We investigated the long‐term outcome of a red squirrel translocation in the west of Ireland, specifically assessing the habitat changes in the translocation site since the introduction in 2005, and their impact on the capacity of the forest to sustain a population of a given size. Using digitised historical map data, we showed that the translocation site experienced a 53% reduction in suitable habitat. Additionally, there was a 41%–81% reduction in the total number of red squirrels the forest could support, according to feeding survey data. Clear‐felling, a forest fire and a shift in tree species composition collectively contributed to this decline in site suitability. This investigation underscores the complexity of translocation projects and emphasises the pivotal role of habitat quality in their outcomes. We advocate for detailed habitat assessments during the planning phase, avoidance of unstable habitats as translocation sites, and the implementation of long‐term monitoring practices.