bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Analysis of a Type of Hybrid Spatial Structure Composed of Cables, Bars and Beams
Authors: Zhi-Hong Zhang , Shi-Lin Dong , Tamura Yukio
Published: June 2005

The computational analysis method of a hybrid structure composed of cables, bars and beams and its preliminary mechanical properties are presented in this paper. At first, based on the local analysis method, the distribution and magnitude of pre-stress of this hybrid structure is analysed using the optimal theory. Then, the optimal pre-stress distribution is obtained. The outmost ring of cable and bar has the largest pre-stress compared with the middle one and the inner one. Second, nonlinear static analysis is carried out with induction of the pre-stress in beams as self-equilibrated initial internal force. The tensegric system and pre-stress in the whole structure could not reduce the deflection dramatically. However, the pre-stress can significantly affects the distribution of the axial forces in beams. Also, linear and nonlinear dynamic analysis is conducted by taking account of the pre-stress of beams as self-equilibrated initial internal force. With the decrease of the stiffness of the upper reticulated structure the effect of pre-stress on natural frequencies of the whole structure becomes larger. The fluctuation of the internal force in the cables and bars is not very large under vertical frequently meeting earthquake load (not over 7%) and smaller under horizontal frequently meeting earthquake load. At last, buckling analysis is carried out. Comparing to single-layer reticulated shell, this type of hybrid structures has much higher limit load capacity ability.
Cable Nets with Elastically Deformable Edge Ring
Authors: Vassilopoulou Isabella , Gantes Charis J.
Published: June 2005

The objective of this work is to present the behavior of prestressed cable net structures anchored to an elastically deformable edge ring and to propose a methodology for their preliminary analysis and design. The interaction between the edge ring and the cable net is examined. The proposed method for preliminary analysis and design is based on charts, produced via geometrically nonlinear analysis for a structure with specific geometrical and mechanical characteristics, and suitable transformation relations. Using them, it is possible to calculate the maximum tension and deflection of the cables and the maximum internal forces, moments and deformations of the edge ring, for any cable net with similar geometry. The charts presented in this paper cover nets with circular plan view. Nevertheless, the methodology can be readily extended to other shapes.
Examining Neosho Madtom Reproductive Biology Using Ultrasound and Artificial Photothermal Cycles
Authors: Bryan Janice L , Wildhaber Mark L , Noltie Douglas B
Published: June 2005

We examined whether extended laboratory simulation of natural photothermal conditions could stimulate reproduction in the Neosho madtom Noturus placidus, a federally threatened species. For 3 years, a captive population of Neosho madtoms was maintained under simulated natural conditions and monitored routinely with ultrasound for reproductive condition. Female Neosho madtoms cycled in and out of spawning condition, producing and absorbing oocytes annually. Internal measurements made by means of ultrasound indicated the summer mean oocyte size remained consistent over the years, although estimated fecundity increased with increasing fish length. In the summer of 2001, after 3 years in the simulated natural environment, 13 out of 41 fish participated in 10 spawnings. Simulation of the natural photothermal environment, coupled with within-day temperature fluctuations during the spring rise, seemed important for the spawning of captive Neosho madtoms. The use of ultrasound to assess the reproductive status in Neosho madtoms was effective and resulted in negligible stress or injury to the fish. These procedures may facilitate future culture of this species and other madtoms Noturus spp., especially when species are rare, threatened, or endangered.
Inbreeding Depression and Maternal Effects on Early Performance of Pacific Abalone
Authors: Deng Yuewen , Liu Xiao , Zhang Guofan , Guo Ximing
Published: June 2005

Effects of inbreeding and maternity on early performance were studied in the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai using two sets of 2 × 2 factorial crosses involving sister–brother mating. Parents from three full-sib families produced from two wild abalone populations (Japan and China) were used for the study. Metamorphic success and larval growth in four inbred (F = 0.25) and four outbred families were evaluated to 20 d postfertilization. In set I, inbreeding depression was 8.65% for metamorphic success, and−1.06, 3.25, and 4.98% for larval size at days 6, 10, and 20, respectively. In set II, inbreeding depression was 39.3% for metamorphic success, and 1.92, 4.99, and 3.37% for size at days 6, 10, and 20, respectively. Additionally, there were significant maternal effects on metamorphosis and larval size on day 6 (P < 0.01) in set I, which became insignificant at days 10 and 20. Maternal effects were absent in set II. The results of this study suggest that inbreeding at F = 0.25 significantly affects larval growth and greatly reduces metamorphic success in the Pacific abalone.
The Trouble With “MSM” and “WSW”: Erasure of the Sexual-Minority Person in Public Health Discourse
Authors: Young Rebecca M. , Meyer Ilan H.
Published: June 2005

Men who have sex with men (MSM) and women who have sex with women (WSW) are purportedly neutral terms commonly used in public health discourse. However, they are problematic because they obscure social dimensions of sexuality; undermine the self-labeling of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people; and do not sufficiently describe variations in sexual behavior.

MSM and WSW often imply a lack of lesbian or gay identity and an absence of community, networks, and relationships in which same-gender pairings mean more than merely sexual behavior. Overuse of the terms MSM and WSW adds to a history of scientific labeling of sexual minorities that reflects, and inadvertently advances, heterosexist notions.

Public health professionals should adopt more nuanced and culturally relevant language in discussing members of sexual-minority groups.
Perspectives on education and training in clinical psychology: Integrating reactions
Authors: Roberts Michael C.
Published: June 2005

Reacting to the conceptual matrix of C.R. Snyder and T.R. Elliott as described in their article, “Twenty‐First Century Graduate Education in Clinical Psychology: A Four Level Matrix Model” (this issue), a perspective is provided through the roles of a clinical training director and a clinical child and pediatric psychologist. Changing the direction of clinical psychology is complicated but the subfield of pediatric psychology demonstrates how such changes can be integrated with a focus on healthy development and promotion of strengths, on policy and public health concerns, and on program evaluation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Meaning‐Making and the matrix model: Does one size really fit all?
Authors: Neimeyer Robert A.
Published: June 2005

Despite the multifocal complexity of the matrix model (C.R. Snyder & T.R. Elliott, this issue), its close correspondence with the theoretical dialectics and philosophy of clinical constructivism auger well for its capacity to articulate with existing approaches to graduate education in psychology. In this article points of contact are documented between the two approaches, and a caveat is included about the limits of the matrix model in ensuring greater relevance of clinical training to the settings in which contemporary professionals will work. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Can a matrix make a training model?: “No.” let's not throw out the Boulder model
Authors: Meichenbaum Donald
Published: June 2005

In response to the call by C.R. Snyder and T.R. Elliott (this issue) for a new clinical training program, I propose the need to keep the Boulder model. I trace my involvement with the Boulder model from my clinical graduate training through my 30 years as a professor. One of the major tasks of clinical training is to teach graduate students to think in a critical rigorous fashion in order to avoid the fads in the mental health field. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Sharing open secrets in training future generations of clinical psychologists
Authors: Elliott Timothy R. , Snyder C. R.
Published: June 2005

Commentary writers vary in their agreement with the ideas presented in the C.R. Snyder and T.R. Elliott lead article (this issue), but they share the view that clinical–counseling psychology already is in the midst of an evolution. There are two general camps to such commentaries. First, there are those who caution us to move slowly and carefully as we respond to the change‐inducing forces. Second, there are those who see this time as one in which we should make bold moves in our field in response to the societal forces that we are encountering. We suggest that the lightning rod for potential changes in the field of clinical–counseling psychology must be a shared emphasis on our scientific heritage. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Alkaline induces metallothionein gene expression and potentiates cell proliferation in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Lin Kuei‐Ann , Chen Je‐Hsin , Lee Dong‐Fong , Lin Lih‐Yuan
Published: June 2005

Metallothionein (MT) gene expression is increased in cadmium resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO CdR) upon medium (regular or serum‐free) change during culturing. Among the major components of the medium, NaHCO3 was found to be able to induce MT gene expression in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. The same effect was observed with other alkaline solutions, such as HEPES and NaOH. Using MT promoter‐luciferase reporter gene constructs, we found that the presence of metal response elements (MREs) in the promoter region is necessary for NaHCO3‐induced MT gene transcription. This finding is further supported by the observation that the binding activity between the metal‐responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF‐1) and the MRE were increased after NaHCO3 treatment. Following NaHCO3 treatment, an increase in cell proliferation was observed in CdR cells but not in the parental CHO K1 cells that do not express MT transcripts due to MT gene methylation. Using synchronized cells, an increase in cell proliferation was observed 9 h after NaHCO3 addition. Notably, proliferation of CHO K1 cells was increased when transfected with an MT gene. The effect of MT on cell growth was affirmed by treating CHO K1 cells with 5‐azacytidine (Aza) to demethylate the MT gene. Proliferation increased in Aza‐treated CHO K1 cells after NaHCO3 treatment. These results demonstrate that NaHCO3 stimulates MT gene expression and causes an enhancement of cell proliferation in CHO cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cloud effects on the radiation budget based on ISCCP data (1991 to 1995)
Authors: Raschke E. , Ohmura A. , Rossow W. B. , Carlson B. E. , Zhang Y.‐C. , Stubenrauch C. , Kottek M. , Wild M.
Published: June 2005

Consistent and validated data sets of satellite‐borne radiances and of a large variety of products describing the characteristics of terrestrial cloud and radiation fields have been produced within the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) covering the years 1983 through to 2003. A subset (annual and seasonal averages of the 5 year period 1991 to 1995) is used in this paper to discuss in greater detail the effect of clouds on the radiation fields at the upper and lower boundary of the atmosphere and in particular on the loss and gain (vertical divergence) of radiant energy by the atmosphere itself. Although this subset covers the effects of the Pinatubo eruption (June 1991) and of the strong El Niño event in 1992–93, which indeed caused ‘anomalies in the average aerosol and cloud fields in the tropics and subtropics’. However, our regional averages of the radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere and at ground over a period of 5 years should be within 2–5 W m−2 of longer term averages.

We find very interesting spatial patterns in the global distributions of all quantities, which can be explained in part by various cloud field characteristics and by the continental surface characteristics. Most are known from similar studies with radiation budget measurements. Possibly for the first time, we show global fields of the vertical flux divergence of solar and terrestrial radiation within the atmosphere and of the effects of clouds. Both polar regions, various portions of China and the areas of persistent subtropical maritime stratocumulus fields over the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and of cloud fields associated with the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) offer specific features for further analyses.

This ISCCP data set seems to underestimate the absorption of solar radiation in the tropical and subtropical atmosphere by about 10 to 20 W m−2. There is a disagreement of about 30 W m−2 in global averages of the gain and loss of solar and terrestrial radiation in the atmosphere between this and two other independent data sets, which needs thorough investigation, since such data are required to validate the radiation budgets within circulation and climate models and for other climate studies. Such an assessment of radiation budget data is now under way within the auspices of the World Climate Research Programme. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Pc 4 photodynamic therapy of U87‐derived human glioma in the nude rat
Authors: George John E. , Ahmad Yusra , Varghai Davood , Li Xiaolin , Berlin Jeffrey , Jackowe David , Jungermann Marc , Wolfe Michael S. , Lilge Lothar , Totonchi Ali , Morris Rachel L. , Peterson Allyn , Lust W. David , Kenney Malcolm E. , Hoppel Charles L. , Sun Jiayang , Oleinick Nancy L. , Dean David
Published: June 2005

Background and Objectives

As a potential therapy for malignant glioma, we tested the phthalocyanine photosensitizer Pc 4 for: (1) rapid clearance from the vasculature, (2) specificity for glioma, and (3) tumoricidal photosensitizing capability.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Parenchymal injection of U87 cells into athymic rat brains (N = 100) was followed after 12 days by tail vein injection of 0.5 mg/kg Pc 4. After 1 day, the tumor was illuminated with either 5 (N = 11) or 30 (N = 16) J/cm2 red light at 672 nm. Sacrifice was 1 day later. The brains from these 27 animals underwent H&E (necrosis) and TUNEL assay (apoptosis) histology. Pc 4 concentration of explanted brains and tumors (N = 16), and all blood samples (N = 52) were determined by HPLC‐MS 1 day post Pc 4 administration.

Results

Tumor‐specific apoptosis was almost uniformly seen; however, necrosis was found mostly in the high‐light‐dose group. Pc 4 concentration in bulk tumor averaged 3.8 times greater than in normal brain.

Conclusions

These results warrant expanding this pre‐clinical study to seek effective baseline Pc 4 drug‐ and light‐doses and infusion‐to‐photoirradiation timing that would be necessary for a Pc 4‐mediated PDT clinical trial for glioma patients. Lasers Surg. Med. 36:383–389, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterisation of sulphoxides by atmospheric pressure ionisation mass spectrometry
Authors: Wright Patricia , Alex Alexander , Gibson Drew , Jones Russell , Macrae Paul
Published: June 2005

An observation that a series of proprietary compounds containing a methyl thiophenyl group all underwent metabolic S‐oxidation, and that the product ion spectra of the resulting S‐oxides showed methyl radical loss under low‐energy atmospheric pressure ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (API‐MS/MS) conditions, has led to an investigation of the fragmentation of commercially available sulphoxides. The phenyl methyl sulphoxides studied do lose methyl radicals under MS/MS conditions on triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. In addition, the phenyl sulphoxides, with simple substituents other than a methyl group, also showed a tendency to lose the substituent as a radical. It was concluded that radical loss from these simple sulphoxides was characteristic of S‐oxidation of these molecules. Radical losses, such as those reported here, are used in‐house to distinguish S‐oxidation from N‐ and C‐oxidation in metabolism studies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomy of the Palmar Fascia on the Ulnar Border of the Hand
Authors: WHITE S.
Published: June 2005

Dupuytren’s disease sometimes seems to arise from the tendon of abductor digiti minimi or the fascia overlying it. The normal anatomy of these structures is described and the tendon is shown to be of central importance in the organisation of the digital fascia. In particular, its connections with the superficial transverse palmar ligament, Grayson’s ligaments and the digital band are demonstrated.
A Comparison of Results of Extensor Tendon Repair Followed by Early Controlled Mobilisation Versus Static Immobilisation
Authors: Chow J. A. , Dovelle S. , Thomes L. J. , Ho P. K. , Saldana J.
Published: June 2005

To compare the functional results of early controlled mobilisation and static immobilisation following repair of extensor tendons, we conducted a comparative study between two centres. In one, a consecutive series of tenorrhaphy patients was treated post-operatively by the dynamic splinting technique. In the other, a consecutive group was treated by static splinting.

All patients treated by dynamic splinting were graded excellent within six weeks following surgery; no tendon ruptures occurred and no secondary corrective tendon surgery was required. After static splinting, 40% were graded excellent, 31% good, 29% fair, and none poor; six fingers treated by static splintage subsequently required tenolysis.

Following surgical repair of extensor tendons of the hand, patients treated by early controlled motion regain better flexion function in terms of grip strength and pulp-to-palm distance. Dynamic splinting is a more effective technique than static splinting in the prevention of extensor lag.
Dynamic Traction After Extensor Tendon Repair in Zones 6, 7, and 8: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kerr C. D. , Burczak J. R.
Published: June 2005

Review of the notes of 46 extensor tendon repairs in 21 patients treated by post-operative dynamic traction without an M.P. flexion block, no tendon ruptures or extensor lag and only one digit without full flexion after a mean follow-up of seven weeks. Re-examination of 26 treated repairs in nine patients for this study demonstrated a mean T.A.M. of 259° at an average 14 months follow-up. No bow-stringing occurred because the extensor retinaculum was not excised, and no tenolyses were necessary.
Deformation of the Nail Following Elastic Band Traction—A Case Report
Authors: Hoddinott C. , Matthews J. P.
Published: June 2005

Dynamic elastic band traction applied to the nail is commonly used in the post-operative management of flexor tendon injuries and complications are few. We describe a self-resolving deformation of the nail resulting from its use.
Dupuytren's Disease in Patients from the Indian Sub-Continent Report of Ten Cases
Authors: Srivastava S. , Nancarrow J. D. , Cort D. F.
Published: June 2005

We report on ten patients from the Indian sub-continent operated on in our unit for Dupuytren's contracture. Their presentation, operative findings and subsequent course was indistinguishable from Caucasian patients. We believe that Dupuytren's disease among Indians is not so rare as previously thought.
Intra-Arterial Injection of Dextropropoxyphene into Hand Arteries
Authors: Siana J. E. , Stovring J. O.
Published: June 2005

We report a case of deliberate intra-arterial injection of dextropropoxyphene into the palms, leading to chronic oedema of both hands. The aetiology is discussed. This cause must be borne in mind in the diagnosis of chronic oedema of the hands.
Pain Relief after Free Flap Reconstruction in Adriamycin Necrosis on the Dorsum of the Hand. A Case Report
Authors: Nettelblad H. , Karlander L-E. , Nylander G.
Published: June 2005

A free flap transfer in a case of Adriamycin necrosis on the dorsum of the hand is reported. The advantages of this method of reconstruction are discussed.
Usefulness of Myelography in Brachial Plexus Injuries
Authors: Nagano A. , Ochiai N. , Sugioka H. , Hara T. , Tsuyama N.
Published: June 2005

Ninety brachial plexus lesions have been examined by myelography and the results classified into six types. These were compared against the level of lesion found at exploration of the brachial plexus with electrophysiological investigations carried out during the operation. The results show that myelography can be a reliable and useful pre-exploratory measure to assess the level of the lesion of each injured root.
The First Web Hand Flap
Authors: Earley M. J.
Published: June 2005

Cadaveric dissections demonstrated a constant blood supply to the skin of the first web. An island advancement flap from the dorsum of the first web was used to release first web contractures in six patients and to resurface palmar burns in two. There were no flap losses and its use is recommended in release of moderate contractures and minor loss of palmar skin.
The Use of the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle as an Active Motor Unit for Digital Flexion
Authors: Govila A.
Published: June 2005

A technique is described to restore flexion of the fingers and thumb using a latissimus dorsi muscle island as an active motor unit. It has been performed in a ten-year-old child with a satisfactory result.
The Pronator Quadratus Sign: Its Classification and Diagnostic Usefulness for Injury and Inflammation of the Wrist
Authors: Sasaki Y. , Sugioka Y.
Published: June 2005

The clinical value of the pronator quadratus radiological sign was investigated. Fresh undisplaced fractures of the distal radius and acute injuries of the distal radio-ulnar joint showed anterior displacement of the radiolucent shadow in 85% and 88% respectively, but normal subjects no displacement. In rheumatoid arthritis, the presence of synovitis of the wrist joint appeared to be correlated with a blurred shadow at the distal end.
Protothecosis Following Hand Injury A Case Report
Authors: Sirikulchayanonta V. , Visuthikosol V. , Tanphaichitra D. , Prajaktham R.
Published: June 2005

A case of protothecosis following an accidental cut on the dorsum of the hand by a fragment of glass from an exploding beer bottle is described. The area was widely excised and oral tetracycline given. No recurrence has been seen over a period of four years.
Autogenous Vein and Nerve Grafts: A Comparative Study of Nerve Regeneration in the Rat
Authors: Risitano G. , Cavallaro G. , Lentini M.
Published: June 2005

A new experimental model using the rat sciatic nerve has been devised and used in ten rats to compare the results of using a vein and a nerve graft in different fascicles of the same sciatic nerve, a third fascicle being preserved intact as a control. The results, judged clinically, electrophysiologically and histologically, show persistence of the vein graft as a conduit even six months after the operation and a similar pattern of nerve regeneration in the two different grafts.
The Mechanical Effect of Partial Resection of the Digital Fibrous Flexor Sheath
Authors: SAVAGE R.
Published: June 2005

In the context of primary flexor tendon repair, a study has been made to determine how much of the flexor sheath may be opened without causing mechanical disadvantage to the finger. In five cadaver hands, measurement of profundus tendon excursion, distance from nail to distal palmar crease, profundus flexion force, and tendon bow-stringing, showed that there was no material change of these parameters when up to four contiguous pulleys were divided. Along with other individual pulleys, A2 and A4 cannot be regarded as inviolate.
The Herbert Screw for Delayed and Non-Union of Scaphoid Fractures: A Review of Fifty Cases
Authors: RADFORD P. J. , MATTHEWSON M. H. , MEGGITT B. F.
Published: June 2005

The results of treatment using the Herbert screw in 50 consecutive patients with delayed or established non-union of the scaphoid are reported. 14% of these fractures failed to unite after operation and a further 20% required prolonged protection, uniting within six months. There were significant technical problems in 28% of operations. A bone graft was only used when there was significant collapse of the scaphoid (52%) and the cases without graft did just as well. Overall, the results do not support the view that this method of treatment is a significant advance over Russe grafting in terms of union rates, but confirm that it produces similar results without the need for prolonged immobilisation and without the need for bone grafting in almost half the cases, although there can be significant technical problems with the procedure.
Trigger Thumbs in Children: A Follow-Up Study of 37 Children Below 15 Years of Age
Authors: SKOV O. , BACH A. , HAMMER A.
Published: June 2005

37 patients who had been operated upon for trigger thumb, all below 15 years of age, have been reviewed. 75% of the affected thumbs were on the dominant hand and 25% have bow-stringing of 1–2 mm. without any complaints. All had good results. Unlike other authors, we found that operation done after the third year of age gave full correction of the flexion contracture.
Posterior Interosseous Nerve Axonotmesis from Compression by a Ganglion
Authors: TONKIN M. A.
Published: June 2005

A complete posterior interosseous nerve palsy resulted from axonotmesis caused by pressure from a ganglion cyst. Excision of the neuroma and interpositional nerve grafting gave a most satisfactory outcome.
Effect of Perivascular Sympathectomy on Distal Adrenergic Innervation in the Hands of Monkeys
Authors: KAARELA O. , RAATIKAINEN T. , CARLSON S. , HUOPANIEMI T. , WARIS T.
Published: June 2005

Perivascular sympathectomy has been thought to cause distal adrenergic denervation. We performed perivascular sympathectomy for a distance of 1 cm. on two common digital arteries in the right hands of two anaesthetised Macaca arctoides monkeys. Four days later, samples were taken for glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence examination of the operated and opposite control hand. The distal adrenergic nerves were morphologically normal in appearance after the perivascular sympathectomy. The operation should perhaps be called adventitectomy rather than perivascular sympathectomy and its positive effects may be due to the loss of adventitial support for the vasospastic arteries rather than adrenergic denervation.
Long-Term Follow-Up of the Cemented Caffinière Prosthesis for Trapezio-Metacarpal Arthroplasty
Authors: SØNDERGAARD L. , KONRADSEN L. , RECHNAGEL K.
Published: June 2005

20 patients with 22 Caffinière prostheses in the trapezio-metacarpal joint were evaluated at a median of nine years after operation. The indication was degenerative osteoarthrosis in 20 cases and rheumatoid arthritis in two cases. We found 18 of the 22 (82%) original prostheses still in place, with satisfactory pain relief and good function. Three hands had been revised due to aseptic loosening, with replacement of two cups and one total prosthesis. Two of the revised prostheses were functioning well 6½ and 10 years after the revision. We conclude that function does not deteriorate within the first nine years, that late loosening is not a significant problem with this prosthesis and that, if aseptic loosening occurs, it is possible to obtain good results by replacing the loose component.
Extensor Tendon Rupture Due to Osteoarthritis of the Distal Radio-Ulnar Joint
Authors: OHSHIO I. , OGINO T. , MINAMI A. , KATO H. , MIYAKE A.
Published: June 2005

Five cases of closed rupture of the finger extensor tendon due to osteoarthritis of the distal radioulnar joint were studied. Difficulty in extension began at the little finger and extended to the ring and long fingers. Pain and swelling in the dorsal aspect of the wrist preceded the tendon rupture. Osteoarthritic changes at the distal radio-ulnar joint were more severe than those at the radio-carpal and intercarpal joints. The distal end of the ulna showed the plus variant, as well as dorsal dislocation or subluxation. All patients underwent a tendon graft or tendon transfer, with excision of the distal ulna. The tendon rupture was thought to be caused mainly by friction between the displaced distal end of the ulna and osteophytes of the distal radio-ulnar joint.
Segmental Aponeurectomy in Dupuytren’s Disease
Authors: MOERMANS J. P.
Published: June 2005

We report 213 consecutive segmental aponeurectomies in 175 patients. Through several small curved skin incisions, segments of diseased tissue about 1 cm long were excised. No attempts were made to remove all the Dupuytren’s tissue, the aim being to achieve discontinuity. The results are described in detail and compare well with conventional techniques of partial fasciectomy.
Segmental Aponeurectomy for Dupuytren’s Disease: A Prospective Study
Authors: ANDREW J. G. , KAY N. R. M.
Published: June 2005

A prospective study was carried out on segmental aponeurectomy for Dupuytren’s contracture. 46 patients (50 hands) with primary disease were entered into the study. The procedure uses a series of C-shaped incisions to permit excision of small segments (approximately one centimetre) of diseased tissue along the affected ray. Segmental aponeurectomy achieved similar correction of deformity to limited fasciectomy. There was only one wound complication and no wound haematomas. Two patients lost flexion and one digital nerve was damaged. The incidence of recurrence at one year was no higher than with other techniques. Segmental aponeurectomy is a valuable alternative operation for Dupuytren’s contracture, particularly in elderly patients.
Epidemiological and Structural Findings Supporting the Fibromatous Origin of Dorsal Knuckle Pads
Authors: CAROLI A. , ZANASI S. , MARCUZZI A. , GUERRA D. , CRISTIANI G. , RONCHETTI I. PASQUALI
Published: June 2005

Epidemiological, optical and electron microscopical findings suggest that dorsal knuckle pads and Dupuytren’s disease are fibrosing disorders with common features. In all cases examined, knuckle pads were always associated with Dupuytren’s contracture and, in a significant number of cases, with bilateral Dupuytren’s contracture. In a statistically significant number of patients with knuckle pads, Ledderhose’s and Peyronie’s diseases were also present (P<0.001). Optical and electron microscopical studies showed that cell types and extracellular matrix were identical in knuckle pads and Dupuytren’s nodules in different patients.
Absence of Ulnar Drift in a Rheumatoid Hand with Partial Amputation of the Digits
Authors: STANLEY P. R. W. , ROSS J.
Published: June 2005

A patient suffered partial amputation of all the fingers of her left hand. One year later, she developed rheumatoid arthritis. She was subsequently spared the deformities of ulnar drift and palmar subluxation in the mutilated left hand. The possible causes of ulnar drift are discussed in relation to this patient
The Effect of Tourniquet Release on Intra-Compartmental Pressure in the Bandaged and Unbandaged Limb
Authors: MARS M. , BROCK-UTNE J. G.
Published: June 2005

Changes in intra-compartmental pressure in bandaged and unbandaged limbs following 90 minutes of tourniquet-induced ischaemia and subsequent tourniquet release are examined in a primate model. Bandaging raises intra-compartmental pressure. Release of the tourniquet is shown to cause a transient increase in intra-compartmental pressure of less than 30 minutes duration. This is followed by a fall in intra-compartmental pressure for up to three hours. Tourniquet release and the ensuing hyperaemia does not appear to put the limb at risk of developing a compartment syndrome.
Spontaneous Ruptures of the Extensor Tendons of the Fingers in Madelung’s Deformity
Authors: DUCLOYER P. , LECLERCQ C. , LISFRANC R. , SAFFAR P.
Published: June 2005

Madelung’s deformity is a congenital malformation with a slow clinical and radiological evolution and few complications. However, we have seen six instances of spontaneous rupture of the extensor tendons of the fingers related to the deformity of the inferior radio-ulnar joint. Treatment consisted of resection of the ulnar head, stabilisation of the distal ulna, and repair of the extensor tendons by tendon transfers. We discuss the possibility of avoiding the tendon ruptures by treating the deformity at an early stage.
Obstetrical Brachial Plexus Lesions
Authors: GILBERT A. , WHITAKER I.
Published: June 2005

The renewal of interest in brachial plexus surgery has been led by the success of microsurgical techniques in other peripheral nerve repairs. The results in adults remain poor, but in obstetrical palsy the regenerative capacity of babies allows for dramatic recovery after nerve repair or reconstruction.

Obstetrical brachial plexus injuries represent a unique group with similar aetiology, age and prognosis.
Lack of Topographical Specificity in Sensory Nerve Regeneration through Muscle Grafts in Rats
Authors: RATH S. , GREEN C. J.
Published: June 2005

Regenerating sensory axons of each receptor class make new connections with similar denervated receptors. This study investigates to what extent these axons return to their original receptive field. The lateral cutaneous nerves of the thigh in rats were divided and allowed to regenerate across a 6 mm. gap interposed with frozen and thawed muscle graft towards their original distal nerve stump and a “foreign” sensory nerve, the saphenous nerve. 16 weeks later, myelinated axon counts of 26 pairs of distal nerves showed no preferential growth towards the original receptive field. Lack of topographic specificity during sensory nerve regeneration may explain the faulty localisation of sensation after nerve repair in clinical practice. Following sensory nerve regeneration, the somato-sensory cortex receives accurate afferent information but from disparate skin sites; this probably alters the relationship of overlapping sensory fields and may be the cause of distorted pattern recognition.
Denervation of the Rabbit Hind Limb Studied by 31-Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: FROSTICK S. P. , DOLECKI M. J. , RADDA G. K.
Published: June 2005

An animal model of muscle denervation was examined by 31P. magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The experiments demonstrated that there is a significant alteration in high and low energy phosphate metabolites in rabbit muscle after nerve section. The data show that there is an early change in the metabolites which appears to plateau at about six weeks. High resolution spectra of muscle cell extracts demonstrate qualitative alterations in the phosphate resonances found in the phosphodiester and phosphomonoester regions of the spectra. There would seem to be a time-related alteration in these components.
Providing Care for Hand Disorders: Trauma and Elective
Authors: BURKE F. D. , DIAS J. J. , LUNN P. G. , BRADLEY MARY
Published: June 2005

Data was collected prospectively on all patients from one health district attending the Hand Unit at Derbyshire Royal Infirmary to determine the needs for hand surgery and the resources utilised to meet them. 475 patients per 100 000 population presented with hand injuries and 289 patients per 100,000 with elective hand disorders each year. For every 100,000 population, the trauma cases required 139 inpatient days and 1723 outpatient visits. Elective cases required 221 inpatient days and 1039 outpatient visits.
Correction of Ulnar Drift During Silastic Metacarpo-Phalangeal Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: STOTHARD J. , THOMPSON A. E. , SHERRIS D.
Published: June 2005

In previous published accounts of silastic replacement arthroplasty of the M.P. joint of the finger in rheumatoid disease, dynamic splintage has been used for up to six months after operation to ensure correction of ulnar drift. We have investigated two methods of surgical correction in a prospective trial in consecutive patients. No dynamic splintage was used. Both resulted in correction of ulnar drift from an average of 34° (maximum 92°) to 8° (maximum 32°) in 86 fingers. The two methods both corrected ulnar drift well, but crossed intrinsic transfer gave a better range of active movement and is recommended as an alternative to dynamic splintage.
Rupture of the Extensor Digitorum Communis Tendons Caused by Occupational Overuse
Authors: TAKAMI H. , TAKAHASHI S. , ANDO M. , SUZUKI K.
Published: June 2005

Spontaneous rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon in excessive exertion is well-recognised, but similar rupture is rare in the common extensor tendons of the fingers. Two cases caused by occupational overuse are reported. Mechanical attrition at the distal edge of the extensor retinaculum produced by excessive use was thought to be responsible for the rupture.
Compartment Syndrome in Transferred Muscle: an Unusual Complication
Authors: RAJOO R. , MENNEN U. , STEVANOVIC M.
Published: June 2005

It has been stated, but not reported, that compartment syndrome can occur in a transferred muscle (Bostwick, 1979). We report this unusual complication in two consecutive cases in which a latissimus dorsi muscle transfer had been done.
A Case of Bipartite Median Nerve at the Wrist
Authors: OGINO T. , OHNO K.
Published: June 2005

We report a case of bipartite median nerve at the wrist associated with contracture of the flexor muscles in the forearm and anterior interosseous nerve palsy. The possibility of a bipartite median nerve must be borne in mind during operations on the distal forearm.
A Very Large Neurilemmoma of the Anterior Interosseous Nerve
Authors: RITT M. J. P. F. , BOS K. E.
Published: June 2005

A very large neurilemmoma of more than 15 years duration, arising from the anterior interosseous nerve, is reported. To our knowledge, this is the largest ever described. While the symptoms and all other diagnostic findings suggested that the neurilemmoma originated from the median nerve, it needed angiography to provide the final diagnosis.
Effects of Compression and Devascularisation on Ulnar Nerve Function
Authors: OGATA K. , SHIMON S. , OWEN J. , MANSKE P. R.
Published: June 2005

This study investigated the effects of compression, devascularisation and ischaemia with compression on blood flow and function of the ulnar nerve in monkeys. The hydrogen washout technique assessed blood flow; nerve conduction tests determined nerve function. 100 g of external compression produced a significant but incomplete reduction of intraneural blood flow, when conduction velocity decreased significantly and response amplitude deteriorated to zero 28 minutes after the onset of compression. Short-segment devascularisation stopped blood flow but did not influence response latency or velocity. Amplitude was diminished significantly 44 minutes after devascularisation. Tourniquet ischaemia followed by compression produced temporary variability in latency and velocity, while amplitude was diminished only during the compression phase following ischaemia. The overall results suggested that compression and ischaemia influence the nerve conduction response differently and that the effects of compression are potentiated by previous ischaemia, even if this was of short duration.
Arthroscopy for the Diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Wrist Pain
Authors: ADOLFSSON L.
Published: June 2005

30 patients with post-traumatic wrist pain were investigated by arthroscopy. The clinical findings and type of injury were compared to the pathological morphology seen at arthroscopy. In 21 (70%) of the patients, arthroscopic findings gave a plausible explanation for the symptoms.
The Natural History of Undiagnosed Wrist Pain in Young Women
Authors: RYLEY J. P. , LANGSTAFF R. J. , BARTON N. J.
Published: June 2005

43 young women with undiagnosed wrist pain were followed up for a median of 13 years (range 3 to 19). 26% were now free of pain and 35% had improved; 30% were unchanged and 9% were worse. Overall, 40% were still significantly troubled. There was no evidence that those patients suffered or had suffered from emotional or psychiatric disturbance which might have been responsible for the pain. Only three patients had developed ganglia.
The Range of Motion of the Metacarpo-Phalangeal Joint of the Thumb and Its Relationship to Injury
Authors: SHAW S. J. , MORRIS M. A.
Published: June 2005

A wide variation in the range of flexion of the metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the thumb in normal individuals is described. Patients with a poor range of flexion at this joint have a significantly higher incidence of indirect soft-tissue injury to the joint.
Contrast Arthrography in Thumb Polydactyly with Variable Morphological Patterns
Authors: ISLAM S. , WATANABE H. , FUJITA S.
Published: June 2005

Contrast arthrography was performed in 20 patients with duplicated thumbs where the interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, and carpometacarpal joints were involved. Three groups were apparent, those with no joint alteration, those with joint involvement and separate articular impressions, and those with abnormal duplex joints.
Perineural Pressures under the Pneumatic Tourniquet in the Upper Extremity
Authors: GRAHAM B. , BREAULT M. J. , McEWEN J. A. , McGRAW R. W.
Published: June 2005

The literature indicates that tourniquet-induced neurological injuries are relatively common and frequently occur at a subclinical level. In order to evaluate the pressure transmitted to the major peripheral nerves of the arm by an externally applied pneumatic tourniquet, a fully implantable biomedical pressure transducer was placed adjacent the radial, median and ulnar nerves in six cadaver upper extremities of average dimensions. This sensor allowed accurate, reproducible measurements of perineural pressures without requiring significant disruption of the normal anatomical structures of the test limb for its installation. At levels of tourniquet cuff inflation which are commonly used in clinical practice, there was little or no decrease in the pressure detected in the perineural regions over that applied to the surface of the limb. In addition, there was a steep gradient of perineural pressure between locations beneath the edge of the cuff and those under its midpoint. This was most marked at the highest levels of tourniquet inflation. At presently accepted levels of inflation, pneumatic tourniquet cuffs transmit high pressures to the peripheral nerves without any significant attenuation by the intervening soft tissues. The distribution of these forces is one which may subject the underlying nerves to deleterious shear forces, especially at higher levels of inflation.
Restoration of Pinch in Ulnar Nerve Palsy by Transfer of Split Extensor Digiti Minimi and Extensor Indicis
Authors: ROBINSON D. , AGHASI M. K. , HALPERIN N.
Published: June 2005

Subcutaneous transfer of the ulnar slip of the extensor digiti minimi (EDM) to the adductor tubercle across the dorsum of the hand restores pinch, and index finger abduction is reproduced by re-routing extensor indicis proprius around the thumb extensor tendons.

Six patients with post-traumatic ulnar palsy have been treated by this method with a minimum follow-up period of 40 months. Pinch was improved from an average of 5% to 40–50% of the normal side, and index abduction to 30–40%. There was no donor morbidity.
Pre-Operative Factors and Treatment Outcome Following Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: YU G-Z , FIRRELL J. C. , TSAI T-M
Published: June 2005

The outcome of carpal tunnel release was evaluated retrospectively in 60 hands of 53 patients followed for six to 33 months (median ten months). Outcome was considered good in 27% (pain, weakness, and numbness were essentially resolved); fair in 42% (most of the symptoms improved); and poor in 32% (symptoms persisted or worsened). Patients whose pre-operative work activity was considered physically strenuous were associated with a slightly but significantly poorer outcome (60% good or fair) compared to those in light work or with no employment (89% good or fair). Proportionately fewer patients returned to their original work when they previously engaged in strenuous activity, ranging from 27% for those using air guns to 80% in light work. It appears that the highest chance of a poor outcome from carpal tunnel release occurs in patients who have either associated symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome or physically strenuous work activities.
Treatment of Ganglia by Aspiration Alone
Authors: ONI J. A.
Published: June 2005

Multiple aspiration of ganglia reduces the need for surgery to 12% of referrals at the wrist and 16% in the tendon sheath.
Mycobacterium Fortuitum Infections of the Hand
Authors: IP F. K. , CHOW S. P.
Published: June 2005

Five cases are reported of infection due to Mycobactenum fortuitum involving the hand following contaminated injection or traumatic wounds. Synovectomy, debridement, or amputation together with prolonged chemotherapy using kanamycin or amikacin were required. Doxycycline and sulphamethoxasole also seemed to be the effective antibiotics for this organism. A high index of suspicion is important in order to obtain the correct diagnosis.
Kienböck’s Disease—The Influence of Arthrosis on Ulnar Variance Measurements
Authors: Kristensen S. S. , Søballe K.
Published: June 2005

The individual difference in ulnar variance measurements between diseased and unaffected wrists in 38 patients with unilateral Kienhöck’s disease was determined and related to the degree of arthrosis in the affected wrists.

In patients without arthrosis there was no difference in measurements. With increasing arthrosis there was a progressive increase of patients with individual difference in ulnar variance measurements: up to 50% in those with severe arthrosis. Where a difference in ulnar variance was encountered, the wrist with Kienböck’s disease represented the more negative value in 90%. It is concluded that over-representation of the so-called “ulnar minus variant” in Kienböck’s disease is based on osteo-arthritic changes in the wrist, resulting in a pseudo-lengthening of the distal radius, and that this is therefore a consequence of the disease. The “ulnar minus variant” seems to have no hearing on the cause of Kienböck’s disease.
The Role of Three-Dimension Computerized Imaging in Hand Surgery
Authors: Engel J. , Salai M. , Yaffe B. , Tadmor R.
Published: June 2005

Three-dimensional computerized imaging is a new modality of radiological imaging. This new technique transforms the two-dimensional slices of bi-plane CT into a three-dimensional picture by a computer's monitor adjusted to the system. This system enables the physician to rotate the angle of viewing of the desired region to any desired angle. Moreover, this system can delete certain features of different densities from the picture, such as silicone implants, thus improving visualization. Our preliminary results using this technique are presented. The advantages, pitfalls, and suggested future applications of this new technique in hand surgery are discussed.
Primary Extensor Tendon Reconstruction in Dorsal Hand Defects Requiring Free Flaps
Authors: SCHEKER L. R. , LANGLEY S. J. , MARTIN D. L. , JULLIARD K. N.
Published: June 2005

This study reports results in nine patients with extensive loss of soft tissue, extensor tendon, and bone, treated with an emergency free flap for skin cover, primary bone grafts, and tendon grafts passed through individual tunnels in the free flap. Four had a good result, four were fair and one poor. Six patients returned to work, two were not working and one was retired. In select patients, emergency reconstruction of severe extensor tendon injuries appears to produce better function, with fewer operations, a shorter hospital stay, minimal complications, and a shorter period of disability.
Harvest of Palmaris Longus Tendon: Technique
Authors: SAEED W. R. , KAY S. P.
Published: June 2005

We present a modification of Bunnell’s technique for harvest of the palmaris longus tendon. Using a 0.5 cm distal incision and a proximal stab incision the tendon is harvested with minimal scarring and, in our experience of over 30 cases, no morbidity.