bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESAFIOS DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: A TECNOLOGIA EM QUESTÃO
Authors: Da Silva Magda Barbosa , Maia Carvalho Janaína Nogueira
Published: March 2022

A pandemia gerada pela COVID-19 tem sublinhado desafios e muitas preocupações na sociedade e nas pessoas como um todo. Além de perguntas inerentes ao caos, tem a educação infantil como um campo acentuado de momentos angustiantes em relação às crianças da Educação Infantil, ponto inicial deste estudo. Assim, este artigo, busca traçar, reflexões sobre o acesso das crianças às tecnologias digitais no contexto das instituições educacionais e/ou fora dele. Tem como objetivo pensar o uso das tecnologias digitais nesta etapa educativa, no contexto de pandemia, como suporte de aprendizagem e comunicação entre as famílias e as instituições infantis. De abordagem qualitativa, é uma pesquisa documental que inclui textos legais e manuais orientadores sobre Educação Infantil, bem como a sociologia da infância como aporte teórico e, apresenta uma Roda de conversa entre uma professora, uma mãe e uma criança, para emergir os dados da pesquisa, apontando dessa forma, que a articulação tecnológica se faz emergente considerando a pandemia responsável por muitas mudanças na atualidade.
ESCOLA PÚBLICA DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: desafios para a ampliação das redes da Baixada Fluminense
Authors: Costa Rejane Peres Neto , Nascimento Anelise Monteiro do
Published: March 2022

Neste artigo discutimos como, em alguns municípios, vem se efetivando a ampliação da Educação Infantil mediante a universalização da Pré-escola, após a Lei 12.796/2013. O estudo qualitativo foi realizado na Baixada Fluminense, região metropolitana da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Foram utilizados questionários semiestruturados aplicados aos responsáveis pela Educação Infantil nos municípios investigados e visitas às secretaria que realizaram a ampliação de vagas. Tais questionários foram aplicados nos anos de 2014, 2015 e 2019, com o objetivo de identificar os enredos e os desafios que representam para as políticas locais a obrigatoriedade e universalização da pré-escola. Os principais resultados apontam para o pouco investimento na ampliação das redes públicas de Educação Infantil e para o aumento significativo da rede privada na região. As novas vagas para as turmas de pré-escola ocorreram principalmente em instituições que atendem o Ensino Fundamental. Também é problematizado os impactos da universalização da pré-escola para outras políticas para a Educação Infantil: como o atendimento à creche e a ampliação do horário integral. Passados oito anos, em 2021, as redes ainda precisam triplicar ou até quadriplicar seu atendimento, se a meta for a inclusão das crianças na escola pública como lhes é de direito. Esta pesquisa indaga às Secretarias de Educação sobre suas ações e questiona sobre elementos que as redes, por vezes, desconsideram em seus planejamentos.
DO DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO AO DIREITO DE BRINCAR: reflexões sobre as políticas públicas para a educação infantil
Authors: Santos Nataly Ferreira Costa dos , Dos Santos Danyelle Moura
Published: March 2022

O presente trabalho trata-se de uma pesquisa biográfica de cunho qualitativo, que tem como objetivo refletir sobre o direito à educação e a brincadeira de crianças que são público alvo da Educação Infantil (E.I), para isto, recorremos às principais políticas públicas educacionais direcionadas a implementação destes direitos, das quais, destacamos as Leis de Diretrizes de Bases da Educação Nacional - LDB (1961; 1971; 1996), o Estatuto da Criança e Adolescente - ECA (1990), o Referencial Curricular Nacional para a Educação Infantil - RCNEI (1998), as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil - DCNEI (2010) e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular - BNCC (2017), entre outros documentos, nos apoiamos também, nos estudos de teóricos como Ariès (1978), Saviani (2008; 2018), Kunz (2015), entre outros autores. Neste trabalho é possível perceber a gradativa evolução histórica da concepção de criança, atualmente reconhecida enquanto sujeito de direitos, dentre estes, o direito à educação e a brincadeira nas instituições de E.I. Ressaltamos também as nossas considerações acerca da defesa do direito da criança à educação e de brincar, mesmo em tempos de pandemia do Covid-19 e a ausência de políticas públicas neste contexto tão adverso.
INCLUSÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO DAS CRIANÇAS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA (TEA) NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Santos Junior Osmar Vieira dos , Santos Aline Teixeira dos , Gomes Luciene Leandro
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo tem o objetivo geral de discutir os mecanismos de inclusão das crianças com TEA na Educação Infantil. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, de abordagem qualitativa, de dispositivos legais, livros e artigos científicos. Após a análise das publicações, os resultados demonstram a necessidade de desenvolver ações de formação continuada com os profissionais de educação e investir na estrutura escolar, de modo a programar as instituições de educação infantil para a inclusão e desenvolvimento das crianças com TEA. Convém a publicação de novos estudos que subsidiem o trabalho dos professores, contribuindo com práticas educativas mais assertivas que assegurem a inclusão desenvolvimento e bem-estar destas crianças. A análise permitiu compreender que, para que se efetive as políticas e práticas que se destinam à inclusão, a sociedade - mais especificamente os educadores – precisam de formação continuada, assim como as unidades de educação infantil necessitam de infraestrutura para assegurar a qualidade da educação inclusiva proposta.
A (NOVA) ECONOMIA DO PROJETAMENTO COMO ESTÁGIO SUPERIOR DO SOCIALISMO CHINÊS
Authors: Jabbour Elias Marco Khalil , Dantas Alexis Toribio , Espíndola Carlos José , Vellozo Júlio
Published: March 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é o de lançar luz sobre as razões pelas quais o conceito elaborado por Ignacio Rangel de “Economia do Projetamento” guarda grandes possibilidades às pesquisas no campo do desenvolvimento econômico chinês. Para tanto buscamos reelaborar o conceito o enriquecendo com novas determinações e critérios de validação que o tornam à altura do alcance do fenômeno em curso na China. Questões como as possibilidades de superação da “incerteza keynesiana”, a planificação da “destruição criativa”, a soberania monetária e o “pacto tácito de adesão" serão abordadas e tomadas como categorias internas que sustentam, enquanto face empírica, o conceito de Nova Economia do Projetamento. Concluimos afirmando que a Nova Economia do Projetamento se constitui como estágio superior de desenvolvimento do modo de produção dominante à (nova) formação econômico-social que emergiu na China como resultado das reformas econômicas iniciadas em 1978.
Editorial
Authors: ; RD&C
Published: March 2022

;
Assessing cyber security consumer support from technology retailers
Authors: Koshnaw Biar , Furnell Steven
Published: March 2022

The pandemic has significantly changed the way we work, and many organisations were not prepared for that shift. Many people are working from home but without the protections normally expected in an enterprise environment. Home workers find themselves dependent on the security features and services provided by the vendors of the technology they are using. But are these adequate?
A Thematic Analysis of Paternalistic Leadership
Authors:   School of Business Administration, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey, Baysak Birol , Bilgetürk Mahmut ,   School of Business Administration, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
Published: March 2022

This review article aims to examine studies about paternalistic leadership (PL) and present an overview of the literatures’ themes. The study examined articles based on their types, practices, institutions, and country distribution. A total of 271 articles were determined suitable for review. Papers were coded sequentially, and subthemes were created inductively rather than by attempting to fit them into a preexisting coding framework. Based on thematic analysis, four key themes emerged: the individual, organizations, leaders, and others. Most of the studies reviewed were empirical and quantitative. As this review article contributes a review of the literature on PL and defines its four top thematic groups, it serves as a guide for future researchers studying PL. Keywords: Paternalistic leadership, moral leadership, benevolent leadership, authoritarian leadership
Identifying biofilm-forming strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from intravascular-catheterized patients by icaA and icaD genes
Authors:   Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Egypt, El-Sawaf Gamal A. , Adlan Sara M.A.I. ,   Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Egypt, Metwally Dalia ,   Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Egypt, Abo-Ollo Magda M. ,   Department of Anesthesia, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Egypt, Hamed Medhat M.A. ,   Department of Experimental and Clinical Surgery, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Egypt, Abdel-Latif Mohamed S. ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt
Published: March 2022

Abstract Staphylococcus epidermidis has gained a substantial importance in recent years because it is one of the main causative agents of nosocomial infections. It requires a predisposed host in order to switch from a normal inhabitant of the human skin to a pathogenic flora. This study aimed to use icaA/icaD genes as biomarkers in differentiating biofilm-forming S. epidermidis, obtained from patients with intravascular catheter (IVC) infections, from other saprophytic strains. Twenty isolates of S. epidermidis obtained from 100 cases of intravascular catheter infections were investigated for the presence of the intracellular adhesion icaA and icaD genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for phenotypic biofilm production by qualitative Congo red agar assay (CRA). Results: Nine (~45%) S. epidermidis isolates out of 20 isolates collected from IVC infections were positive for both CRA (produce black colonies) and icaA/icaD genes; while 11 (~55%) S. epidermidis isolates were negative for CRA and icaA/icaD genes. Detection of icaA/icaD gene is a reliable, efficient, and more rapid tool for characterizing biofilm-forming strains of S. epidermidis. Keywords: Staphylococcus epidermidis; icaA; icaD; biofilm
Policy Spotlight
Authors: Wrigley Catherine
Published: March 2022

This regular feature aims to provide key political news in relation to oral health and an update of the Faculty’s policy activities. You can find out more in the Government Relations and Media sections of the FDS website.
Children’s general anaesthesia – parental preferences and information needs
Authors: Prasad Suneeta , Timms Laura , Uppal Sharon , Rodd Helen , Marshman Zoe
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The aim of this mixed methods study was to provide insight into the information needs of parents whose child received dental treatment under general anaesthesia.

Methods

The parents of 102 out of 113 children attending their dental general anaesthesia (DGA) appointment completed an interviewer-led questionnaire. Forty of these parents were followed up by telephone at least one week after their child’s DGA.

Results

The research revealed new insights into unmet information needs from the parents’ perspective (eg needing more information relating to food, ward waiting times, clothing, parking and regular medications) as well as identifying a need for more child centred resources. Parental preferences on the format of information delivery (eg via a mobile phone app, website or email) and timing of information delivery (eg giving pre and postoperative instructions at the assessment appointment) were also identified.

Conclusions

Seeking the views of parents highlighted the gap between clinicians’ perceptions of families’ DGA information needs and their actual need. The findings from this study will have implications for improving DGA information resources for both parents and children.
Remote consultation: a person centred approach for anxious dental patients
Authors: Ritson Zoe , Wilson Katherine , Girdler Nick
Published: March 2022

A patient satisfaction questionnaire was carried out evaluating the use of telephone consultation for new patients at the sedation department at Newcastle Dental Hospital. The survey findings have stimulated reflection on ways in which remote consultation and provision of preparatory information could help reduce anticipatory anxiety for patients attending sedation assessments.
Macrobending loss in wrapped fiber optic for load detections
Authors: Widiyatmoko Bambang , Rofianingrum Mefina Y. , Hanto Dwi , Ahmad Prakosa Jalu , Mulyanto Imam , Khamimatul Ula Rini , Bayuwati Dwi , Setiono Andi
Published: March 2022

Macrobending-based fiber optic sensors are constructed to measure load. Two sensor models are investigated to find a better linearity response; i.e., narrow helix-shaped and wide helix-shaped sensors. The sensing mechanism of those sensors is due to a macrobending loss of the traveling light inside the optical fibers. This work employs a distributed feedback laser diode and a Ge-based photodetector as the light source and the light loss detector, respectively. The results indicated that the linear response to a static-load exposure apparently can be improved by spacing the coiled fiber on the silicon rubber at a specific diameter. Several investigations reveal the optimum diameter and fiber spacing to design an accurate fiber optic based sensor for load measurement. A sensitivity of

398

V

/

k
g

/

c
m

2

and

100

V

/

k
g

/

c
m

2

are obtained on a diameter of 25 mm and 38 mm cylindrical rubber with fiber spacing of 15 mm. Furthermore, an assessment under a dynamic object can exhibit uniform responses presenting minor deviations.
Analyzing the serum of hemodialysis patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease by means of the combination of SERS and machine learning
Authors: Bratchenko Lyudmila A. , Al-Sammarraie Sahar Z. , Tupikova Elena N. , Konovalova Daria Y. , Lebedev Peter A. , Zakharov Valery P. , Bratchenko Ivan A.
Published: March 2022

The aim of this paper is a multivariate analysis of SERS characteristics of serum in hemodialysis patients, which includes constructing classification models (PLS-DA, CNN) by the presence/absence of end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) with dialysis and determining the most informative spectral bands for identifying dialysis patients by variable importance distribution. We found the spectral bands that are informative for detecting the hemodialysis patients: the 641 cm-1, 724 cm-1, 1094 cm-1 and 1393 cm-1 bands are associated with the degree of kidney function inhibition; and the 1001 cm-1 band is able to demonstrate the distinctive features of hemodialysis patients with end-stage CKD.
Efficient ordering of the Hadamard basis for single pixel imaging
Authors: López-García Lourdes , Cruz-Santos William , García-Arellano Anmi , Filio-Aguilar Pedro , Cisneros-Martínez José A. , Ramos-García Rubén
Published: March 2022

Single-pixel imaging is a technique that can reconstruct an image of a scene by projecting a series of spatial patterns on an object and capturing the reflected light by a single photodetector. Since the introduction of the compressed sensing method, it has been possible to use random spatial patterns and reduce its number below the Nyquist-Shannon limit to form a good quality image but with lower spatial resolution. On the other hand, Hadamard pattern based methods can reconstruct large images by increasing the acquisition measurement time. Here, we propose an efficient strategy to order the Hadamard basis patterns from higher to lower relevance, and then to reconstruct an image at very low sampling rates of at least 8%. Our proposal is based on the construction of generalized basis vectors in two dimensions and then ordering in zigzag fashion. Simulation and experimental results show that the sampling rate, image quality and computational complexity of our method are competitive to the state of the art methods.
Characterization of white-light non-diffracting beams generated using a deformable mirror
Authors: Han Hongmin , Ma Jianqiang , Tao Bo , Xu Chao , Hu Yanlei , Chu Jiaru
Published: March 2022

White-light non-diffraction beams such as Airy beam and Bessel beam have potential applications in multispectral imaging and micromanipulation. Generation of white-light Airy beam and Bessel beam with high quality and high efficiency still remains challenging for conventional diffractive or refractive optics which suffers from significant chromatic dispersion. In this paper, both high-quality white-light Airy beam and Bessel beam are generated using a deformable mirror by modulating the incident LED beam with tunable cubic and conical wavefronts. The main lobe of the generated white-light non-diffraction beams does not suffer from chromatic dispersion along the propagation. The results also show that the generation of the white-light Bessel beam has higher requirements for spatial coherence than white-light Airy beams. Our work expands the understanding of the white-light non-diffraction beams and paves the way for the applications.
Quantitative phase and refractive index imaging of 3D objects via optical transfer function reshaping
Authors: Hugonnet Herve , Lee Mahn Jae , Park Yong Keun
Published: March 2022

Deconvolution phase microscopy enables high-contrast visualization of transparent samples through reconstructions of their transmitted phases or refractive indexes. Herein, we propose a method to extend 2D deconvolution phase microscopy to thick 3D samples. The refractive index distribution of a sample can be obtained at a specific axial plane by measuring only four intensity images obtained under optimized illumination patterns. Also, the optical phase delay of a sample can be measured using different illumination patterns.
Analysis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients by laser speckle measurement techniques
Authors: Golberg Mark , Califa Ran , Polani Sagi , Goldstein Orit , Aviram Zailer , Niska Meir , Zalevsky Zeev
Published: March 2022

Diabetic foot is a well-known problem among patients suffering from peripheral arterial diseases (PAD). This article presents an optical sensor for contactless measurement of the anatomical site based on laser speckle techniques. The sensor illuminates the inspected tissue and analyzes the captured back-reflected light from the time-changing speckle patterns. An occlusion test was implemented to provide a statistical parameter to differentiate between a low perfused and a healthy foot. A clinical study of 15 subjects was conducted. The video was analyzed by two methods: dynamic laser speckle (DLS) and laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA). Data analysis included several classification models, where the KNN model exhibited maximum performance. These findings suggest that a simple and inexpensive system for PAD monitoring can be designed for home use and/or in community clinics.
Energy-efficient non-volatile ferroelectric based electrostatic doping multilevel optical readout memory
Authors: Yao Danyang , Li Lei , Zhang Yong , Peng Yue , Zhou Jiuren , Han Genquan , Liu Yan , Hao Yue
Published: March 2022

Non-volatile multilevel optical memory is an urgent needed artificial component in neuromorphic computing. In this paper, based on ferroelectric based electrostatic doping (Fe-ED) and optical readout due to plasma dispersion effect, we propose an electrically programmable, multi-level non-volatile photonics memory cell, which can be fabricated by standard complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible processes. Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) film is chosen as the ferroelectric ED layer and combines with polysilicon layers for an enhanced amplitude modulation between the carrier accumulation and the confined optical field. Insertion loss below 0.4 dB in erasing state and the maximum recording depth of 9.8 dB are obtained, meanwhile maintaining an extremely low dynamic energy consumption as 1.0–8.4 pJ/level. Those features make this memory a promising candidate for artificial optical synapse in neuromorphic photonics and parallel computing.
The effect of apathy and compulsivity on planning and stopping in sequential decision-making
Authors: Scholl Jacqueline , Trier Hailey A. , Rushworth Matthew F. S. , Kolling Nils
Published: March 2022

Real-life decision-making often comprises sequences of successive decisions about whether to take opportunities as they are encountered or keep searching for better ones instead. We investigated individual differences related to such sequential decision-making and link them especially to apathy and compulsivity in a large online sample (discovery sample: n = 449 and confirmation sample: n = 756). Our cognitive model revealed distinct changes in the way participants evaluated their environments and planned their own future behaviour. Apathy was linked to decision inertia, i.e., automatically persisting with a sequence of searches for longer than appropriate given the value of searching. Thus, despite being less motivated, they did not avoid the effort associated with longer searches. In contrast, compulsivity was linked to self-reported insensitivity to the cost of continuing with a sequence of searches. The objective measures of behavioural cost insensitivity were clearly linked to compulsivity only in the discovery sample. While the confirmation sample showed a similar effect, it did not reach significance. Nevertheless, in both samples, participants reported awareness of such bias (experienced as “overchasing”). In addition, this awareness made them report preemptively avoiding situations related to the bias. However, we found no evidence of them actually preempting more in the task, which might mean a misalignment of their metacognitive beliefs or that our behavioural measures were incomplete. In summary, individual variation in distinct, fundamental aspects of sequential decision-making can be linked to variation in 2 measures of behavioural traits associated with psychological illness in the normal population.
Identification of substrates of palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 highlights roles of depalmitoylation in disulfide bond formation and synaptic function
Authors: Gorenberg Erica L. , Massaro Tieze Sofia , Yücel Betül , Zhao Helen R. , Chou Vicky , Wirak Gregory S. , Tomita Susumu , Lam TuKiet T. , Chandra Sreeganga S.
Published: March 2022

Loss-of-function mutations in the depalmitoylating enzyme palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), a devastating neurodegenerative disease. The substrates of PPT1 are largely undescribed, posing a limitation on molecular dissection of disease mechanisms and therapeutic development. Here, we provide a resource identifying >100 novel PPT1 substrates. We utilized Acyl Resin-Assisted Capture (Acyl RAC) and mass spectrometry to identify proteins with increased in vivo palmitoylation in PPT1 knockout (KO) mouse brains. We then validated putative substrates through direct depalmitoylation with recombinant PPT1. This stringent screen elucidated diverse PPT1 substrates at the synapse, including channels and transporters, G-protein–associated molecules, endo/exocytic components, synaptic adhesion molecules, and mitochondrial proteins. Cysteine depalmitoylation sites in transmembrane PPT1 substrates frequently participate in disulfide bonds in the mature protein. We confirmed that depalmitoylation plays a role in disulfide bond formation in a tertiary screen analyzing posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Collectively, these data highlight the role of PPT1 in mediating synapse functions, implicate molecular pathways in the etiology of NCL and other neurodegenerative diseases, and advance our basic understanding of the purpose of depalmitoylation.
Variable susceptibility of intestinal organoid–derived monolayers to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Jang Kyung Ku , Kaczmarek Maria E. , Dallari Simone , Chen Ying-Han , Tada Takuya , Axelrad Jordan , Landau Nathaniel R. , Stapleford Kenneth A. , Cadwell Ken
Published: March 2022

Gastrointestinal effects associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are highly variable for reasons that are not understood. In this study, we used intestinal organoid–derived cultures differentiated from primary human specimens as a model to examine interindividual variability. Infection of intestinal organoids derived from different donors with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in orders of magnitude differences in virus replication in small intestinal and colonic organoid–derived monolayers. Susceptibility to infection correlated with angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression level and was independent of donor demographic or clinical features. ACE2 transcript levels in cell culture matched the amount of ACE2 in primary tissue, indicating that this feature of the intestinal epithelium is retained in the organoids. Longitudinal transcriptomics of organoid-derived monolayers identified a delayed yet robust interferon signature, the magnitude of which corresponded to the degree of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, virus with the Omicron variant spike (S) protein infected the organoids with the highest infectivity, suggesting increased tropism of the virus for intestinal tissue. These results suggest that heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 replication in intestinal tissues results from differences in ACE2 levels, which may underlie variable patient outcomes.
Antimicrobial resistance including Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL) among E. coli isolated from kenyan children at hospital discharge
Authors: Tornberg-Belanger Stephanie N. , Rwigi Doreen , Mugo Michael , Kitheka Lynnete , Onamu Nancy , Ounga Derrick , Diakhate Mame M. , Atlas Hannah E. , Wald Anna , McClelland R. Scott , Soge Olusegun O. , Tickell Kirkby D. , Kariuki Samuel , Singa Benson O. , Walson Judd L. , Pavlinac Patricia B.
Published: March 2022

Background

Children who have been discharged from hospital in sub-Saharan Africa remain at substantial risk of mortality in the post-discharge period. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) may be an important factor. We sought to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with AMR in commensal Escherichia coli (E. coli) from Kenyan children at the time of discharge.

Methodology/Principle findings

Fecal samples were collected from 406 children aged 1–59 months in western Kenya at the time of discharge from hospital and cultured for E. coli. Susceptibility to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefoxitin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, combined amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin, and chloramphenicol was determined by disc diffusion according to guidelines from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Poisson regression was used to determine associations between participant characteristics and the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing E. coli. Non-susceptibility to ampicillin (95%), gentamicin (44%), ceftriaxone (46%), and the presence of ESBL (44%) was high. Receipt of antibiotics during the hospitalization was associated with the presence of ESBL (aPR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.29–3.83) as was being hospitalized within the prior year (aPR = 1.32 [1.07–1.69]). Open defecation (aPR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.39–2.94), having a toilet shared with other households (aPR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.17–1.89), and being female (aPR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.15–1.76) were associated with carriage of ESBL E. coli

Conclusions/Significance

AMR is common among isolates of E. coli from children at hospital discharge in Kenya, including nearly half having detectable ESBL.
The influence of recovery period following a pre-load stimulus on physical performance measures in handball players
Authors: Ishak Asmadi , Wong Fui Yen , Seurot Antoine , Cocking Scott , Pullinger Samuel Andrew
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this research was to establish the optimal recovery duration following a pre-load stimulus on performance measures related to handball players. Seventeen senior male University handball players (mean ± SD: age 23.6 ± 2.3 yrs., height 1.79 ± 0.06 m and body mass 72.5 ± 10.7 kg) performed three experimental sessions. All sessions consisted of a standardised warm-up followed by a pre-load stimulus (HSR) back squats followed by a passive rest for either 4-min (PAP4), 8-min (PAP8), or 12-min (PAP12). Following the completion of the passive recovery, players then performed a countermovement jump (CMJ), a 20-m linear sprint and a modified agility t-test. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. There was a significant main effect of passive rest duration after the pre-load stimulus. The PAP12 condition improved CMJ scores (2.3–2.6%; effect size = small), 20-m linear sprint times (3.3–3.7%; effect size = small to moderate) and agility times (1.6–1.9%; effect size = trivial) compared to PAP4 and PAP8 conditions (P < 0.0005). Values of heart rate and rating of perceived exertion were also significantly lower during the PAP12 condition compared to the PAP4 and PAP8 conditions (P < 0.0005). A positive Pearson correlation was established between agility and CMJ for all conditions (P < 0.001). The findings provide novel data observing that a pre-load stimulus, followed by 12-min of recovery, results in greater maximal jump, sprint and agility measures when compared with a 4-min or 8-min recovery in male handball players.
Open-source low-cost cardiac optical mapping system
Authors: Rybashlykov Dmitry , Brennan Jaclyn , Lin Zexu , Efimov Igor R. , Syunyaev Roman
Published: March 2022

Fluorescent imaging with voltage- or calcium-sensitive dyes, known as optical mapping, is one of the indispensable modern techniques to study cardiac or neural electrophysiology, unsurpassed by temporal and spatial resolution. High-speed CMOS cameras capable of optical registration of action potential propagation are in general very costly. We present a complete solution priced below US$1,000 (including camera and lens) at the moment of publication with an open-source image acquisition and processing software. We demonstrate that the iDS UI-3130CP rev.2 camera we used in this study is capable of 200x200 977 frames per second (FPS) action potential recordings from rodent hearts, with the signal-to-noise-ratio of a conditioned signal of 16 ± 10. A comparison with a specialized MiCAM Ultimate-L camera has shown that signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) while lower is sufficient for accurate measurements of AP waveform, conduction velocity (± 0.04 m/s) and action potential duration (± 7ms) in mouse and rat hearts. We used 4-aminopyridine to prolong the action potential duration in mouse heart, thus demonstrating that the proposed system is adequate for pharmacological studies.
High-altitude is associated with better short-term survival in critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU
Authors: Simbaña-Rivera Katherine , Jaramillo Pablo R. Morocho , Silva Javier V. Velastegui , Gómez-Barreno Lenin , Campoverde Ana B. Ventimilla , Novillo Cevallos Juan F. , Guanoquiza Washington E. Almache , Guevara Silvio L. Cedeño , Castro Luis G. Imba , Puerta Nelson A. Moran , Guayta Valladares Alex W. , Lister Alex , Ortiz-Prado Esteban
Published: March 2022

Background

Multiple studies have attempted to elucidate the relationship between chronic hypoxia and SARS-CoV-2 infection. It seems that high-altitude is associated with lower COVID-19 related mortality and incidence rates; nevertheless, all the data came from observational studies, being this the first one looking into prospectively collected clinical data from severely ill patients residing at two significantly different altitudes.

Methods

A prospective cohort, a two-center study among COVID-19 confirmed adult patients admitted to a low (sea level) and high-altitude (2,850 m) ICU unit in Ecuador was conducted. Two hundred and thirty confirmed patients were enrolled from March 15th to July 15th, 2020.

Results

From 230 patients, 149 were men (64.8%) and 81 women (35.2%). The median age of all the patients was 60 years, and at least 105 (45.7%) of patients had at least one underlying comorbidity, including hypertension (33.5%), diabetes (16.5%), and chronic kidney failure (5.7%). The APACHE II scale (Score that estimates ICU mortality) at 72 hours was especially higher in the low altitude group with a median of 18 points (IQR: 9.5–24.0), compared to 9 points (IQR: 5.0–22.0) obtained in the high-altitude group. There is evidence of a difference in survival in favor of the high-altitude group (p = 0.006), the median survival being 39 days, compared to 21 days in the low altitude group.

Conclusion

There has been a substantial improvement in survival amongst people admitted to the high-altitude ICU. Residing at high-altitudes was associated with improved survival, especially among patients with no comorbidities. COVID-19 patients admitted to the high-altitude ICU unit have improved severity-of-disease classification system scores at 72 hours.
Reactive oxygen species-induced protein carbonylation promotes deterioration of physiological activity of wheat seeds
Authors: Li Bang-Bang , Zhang Shuai-Bing , Lv Yang-Yong , Wei Shan , Hu Yuan-Sen
Published: March 2022

During the seed aging process, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce the carbonylation of proteins, which changes their functional properties and affects seed vigor. However, the impact and regulatory mechanisms of protein carbonylation on wheat seed vigor are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the changes in wheat seed vigor, carbonyl protein content, ROS content and embryo cell structure during an artificial aging process, and we analyzed the correlation between protein carbonylation and seed vigor. During the artificial wheat-seed aging process, the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of non-enzyme antioxidants decreased, leading to the accumulation of ROS and an increase in the carbonyl protein content, which ultimately led to a decrease in seed vigor, and there was a significant negative correlation between seed vigor and carbonyl protein content. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy showed that the contents of protein bodies in the embryo cells decreased remarkably. We postulate that during the wheat seed aging process, an imbalance in ROS production and elimination in embryo cells leads to the carbonylation of proteins, which plays a negative role in wheat seed vigor.
Population diversification in the frog Mantidactylus bellyi on an isolated massif in northern Madagascar based on genetic, morphological, bioacoustic and ecological evidence
Authors: Rasolonjatovo Safidy M. , Scherz Mark D. , Schmidt Robin , Glos Julian , Rakotoarison Andolalao , Raselimanana Achille P. , Vences Miguel
Published: March 2022

In the processes that give rise to new species, changes first occur at the population level. But with the continuous nature of the divergence process, change in biological properties delimiting the shift from “individuals of divergent populations” towards “individuals of distinct species”, as well as abiotic factors driving the change, remain largely ambivalent. Here we study diversification processes at the population level in a semi-aquatic frog, Mantidactylus (Brygoomantis) bellyi, across the diverse vegetation types of Montagne d’Ambre National Park (MANP), Madagascar. Genetic diversity was assessed with seven newly developed microsatellite markers as well as mitochondrial DNA sequences and concordance with patterns of ecological, morphological, and bioacoustic divergence evaluated. We found M. bellyi lacking mitochondrial differentiation within MANP, while microsatellite datasets partitioned them into three highly differentiated, geographically separated subpopulations (with indications for up to five subpopulations). The molecular grouping–primarily clustering individuals by geographic proximity–was coincident with differences in mean depth and width of waters, suggesting a possible role of fluvial characteristics in genetic exchange in this stream-breeding species. Genetic clustering not consistent with differences in call properties, except for dominant call frequencies under the two-subpopulations model. Morphological divergence was mostly consistent with the genetic clustering; subpopulations strongly differed by their snout-vent length, with individuals from high-elevation subpopulations smaller than those from populations below 1000 m above sea level. These results exemplify how mountains and environmental conditions might primarily shape genetic and morphological divergence in frog populations, without strongly affecting their calls.
High impact: Examining predictors of faculty-undergraduate coauthored publication and presentation in psychology
Authors: Giuliano Traci A. , Kimbell Isham E. , Olson Emily S. , Howell Jennifer L.
Published: March 2022

Despite the increasing popularity of faculty-undergraduate research, a dearth of research has investigated factors that predict the professional outcomes of these collaborations. We sought to address this gap by examining a wide range of institutional (e.g., institution type, selectivity, course load) and faculty variables (e.g., rank, years of experience, enjoyment of mentoring) potentially related to coauthored undergraduate publication and conference presentation in psychology. Negative binomial regressions were used to analyze online survey data from 244 faculty members from both graduate-serving institutions (i.e., doctoral, master’s) and primarily undergraduate institutions. The results showed that, after controlling for overall research productivity, faculty at primarily undergraduate institutions were more likely to publish journal articles with undergraduates, whereas faculty at graduate-serving institutions were more likely to coauthor conference presentations with undergraduates. Institutions with higher selectivity, more support for faculty-undergraduate research, and lower course loads produced higher numbers of undergraduate publications. Faculty characteristics were even more strongly related to undergraduate research outcomes. Specifically, publication was most likely with faculty who are of higher rank, have more years of experience, spend more time on research, foster close collaborative relationships with undergraduates, and/or perceive their students as high quality and well trained. By contrast, conference presentation was most likely with faculty who work with more undergraduate students on more projects per year and/or who enjoying mentoring undergraduates. Our findings suggest ways that institutions can facilitate undergraduate publication, which we argue is an increasingly common and achievable outcome.
An impact review of a Western Australian research translation program
Authors: Mosedale Abby , Geelhoed Elizabeth , Zurynski Yvonne , Robinson Suzanne , Chai Kevin , Hendrie Delia
Published: March 2022

The translation gap between knowledge production and implementation into clinical practice and policy is an ongoing challenge facing researchers, funders, clinicians and policy makers globally. Research generated close to practice and in collaboration with end users is an approach that is recognised as an effective strategy to facilitate an improvement in the relevance and use of health research as well as building research capacity amongst end users. The Research Translation Projects (RTP) program funded by the Western Australian (WA) Department of Health facilitates clinical and academic collaboration through competitive funding of short-term research projects. Its aim is to improve healthcare practice while also finding efficiencies that can be delivered to the WA health system. A mixed methods approach was adopted to evaluate the research impact of the RTP program, at completion of the two-year funding period, across a range of impact domains through the adaptation and application of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences’ (CAHS) framework for research impact. In addition, further analysis was undertaken to address specific objectives of the RTP program more closely, in particular research capacity building and collaboration and health system Inefficiencies targeted by the program. Social network analysis was applied to assess the extent and growth of collaboration across WA health organisations over time. Results indicated that the ‘bottom up’ approach to research translation has triggered modest, yet positive outcomes across impact domains including advancing knowledge, collaboration and capacity building as well as contributing to changes in policy and practice. Additionally, the projects identified opportunities by which inefficiencies in the health system can be addressed. Further work is required to better understand the pathways by which short-term outcomes can be translated into more long-term impacts and the mechanisms that trigger this process.
Antibody seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 within the Canton of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina—One year later
Authors: Prguda-Mujic Jasminka , Hasanic Osman , Besic Larisa , Asic Adna , Halilovic Sabina , Cesic Aida Kulo , Ljevakovic Neira , Muminovic Fildesa , Huseinovic Sukrija , Ler Daria , Salihefendic Lana , Konjhodzic Rijad , Primorac Dragan , Marjanovic Damir
Published: March 2022

Background

Serostudies are important resources when following pandemics and predicting their further spread, as well as determining the length of protection against reinfection and vaccine development. The aim of this study was to update data on the prevalence of seropositive individuals in Canton Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) from September 2020 to May 2021.

Methods

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were quantified using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

Results

Compared to the period April–July 2020, when anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 3.77% of samples, one year later (May 2021) the estimated percentage within the same population of the urban Canton Sarajevo was 29.9% (5,406/18,066). Of all anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ig-positive individuals, 53.27% were men, and 69.00% were of 50 years of age or younger. Also, the current update found the individuals 50 years of age or younger to be more frequently anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ig positive compared to older individuals. On the other hand, higher median anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ig levels were found in individuals > 50 years old than in younger individuals, as well as in men compared to women. Seropositivity gradually increased from September 2020 to May 2021, with the lowest frequency of positive cases (3.5%) observed in September 2020, and the highest frequency (77.7%) in January 2021.

Conclusion

Our results provided important seroprevalence data that could help in planning restrictive local public health measures to protect the population of Sarajevo Canton, especially considering that at the time of the study the vaccines were virtually inaccessible to the general population not belonging to any of the high-priority groups for vaccination.
Assessment of genetic variation in Apis mellifera jemenitica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) based on mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit II and III
Authors: Alattal Yehya , Algamdi Ahmad
Published: March 2022

Morphometric and genetic characterization of many Apis mellifera subspecies are well-documented. A. m. jemenetica occurs naturally in Africa and Asia. In this study, genetic variation of mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase II (COII) and III (COIII) were analysed in 133 specimens of the endemic honeybee colonies within Saudi Arabia. The COII gene sequence length was 684 bp comprising nine synonymous (1.3%) and two non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (0.87%). Five variants of COII were not previously documented, one variant (MT755968) showed an extra restriction site when subjected to type II restriction endonuclease from Arthrobacter protophormiae (Apol) or to Haemophilus influenzae Rf (Hinf1). Changes in COII sequence separated samples into three haplogroups. Whereas, COIII gene sequence length was 780 bp, including 18 synonymous and five non-synonymous SNPs. Furthermore, variation in COII sequence was more informative based on restriction profiles and on amino acid changes compared with COIII gene sequence. Variants of COIII showed identical restriction sites when subjected to type II restriction endonuclease from Deinococcus radiophilus (DraI), and revealed high similarity to African subspecies. Results of this study are very useful in understanding genetic diversity and characterization of A. mellifera subspecies.
The effect of data sources on the measurement of open access: A comparison of Dimensions and the Web of Science
Authors: Basson Isabel , Simard Marc-André , Ouangré Zoé Aubierge , Sugimoto Cassidy R. , Larivière Vincent
Published: March 2022

With the growing number of open access (OA) mandates, the accurate measurement of OA publishing is an important policy issue. Existing studies have provided estimates of the prevalence of OA publications ranging from 27.9% to 53.7%, depending on the data source and period of investigation. This paper aims at providing a comparison of the proportion of OA publishing as represented in two major bibliometric databases, Web of Science (WoS) and Dimensions, and assesses how the choice of database affects the measurement of OA across different countries. Results show that a higher proportion of publications indexed in Dimensions are OA than those indexed by WoS, and that this is particularly true for publications originating from outside North America and Europe. The paper concludes with a discussion of the cause and consequences of these differences, motivating the use of more inclusive databases when examining OA, especially for publications originating beyond North America and Europe.
Molecular and in silico typing of the lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli
Authors: Hameed Amber , Ketley Julian M. , Woodacre Alexandra , Machado Lee R. , Marsden Gemma L.
Published: March 2022

The extensive genetic variation in the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) core biosynthesis gene cluster has led to the development of a classification system; with 8 classes (I-VIII) for Campylobacter coli (C. coli) LOS region and with 23 classes (A-W) or four groups (1–4) for Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) LOS region. PCR based LOS locus type identification for C. jejuni clinical isolates from a UK hospital as well as in silico LOS locus analysis for C. jejuni and C. coli genome sequences from GenBank was carried out to determine the frequencies of various LOS genotypes in C. jejuni and C. coli. Analysis of LOS gene content in 60 clinical C. jejuni isolates and 703 C. jejuni genome sequences revealed that class B (Group 1) was the most abundant LOS class in C. jejuni. The hierarchy of C. jejuni LOS group prevalence (group 1 > group 2 > group 3 > group 4) as well as the hierarchy of the frequency of C. jejuni LOS classes present within the group 1 (B > C > A > R > M > V), group 2 (H/P > O > E > W), group 3 (F > K > S) and group 4 (G > L) was identified. In silico analysis of LOS gene content in 564 C. coli genome sequences showed class III as the most abundant LOS locus type in C. coli. In silico analysis of LOS gene content also identified three novel LOS types of C. jejuni and previously unknown LOS biosynthesis genes in C. coli LOS locus types I, II, III, V and VIII. This study provides C. jejuni and C. coli LOS loci class frequencies in a smaller collection of C. jejuni clinical isolates as well as within the larger, worldwide database of C. jejuni and C. coli.