bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accelerated thymopoiesis and improved T‐cell responses in HLA‐A2/‐DR2 transgenic BRGS‐based human immune system mice
Authors: Masse‐Ranson Guillemette , Dusséaux Mathilde , Fiquet Oriane , Darche Sylvie , Boussand Maud , Li Yan , Lopez‐Lastra Silvia , Legrand Nicolas , Corcuff Erwan , Toubert Antoine , Centlivre Mireille , Bruel Timothée , Spits Hergen , Schwartz Olivier , Lévy Yves , Strick‐Marchand Hélène , Di Santo James P.
Published: March 2019

Human immune system (HIS) mouse models provide a robust in vivo platform to study human immunity. Nevertheless, the signals that guide human lymphocyte differentiation in HIS mice remain poorly understood. Here, we have developed a novel Balb/c Rag2−/− Il2rg−/− SirpaNOD (BRGS) HIS mouse model expressing human HLA‐A2 and ‐DR2 transgenes (BRGSA2DR2). When comparing BRGS and BRGSA2DR2 HIS mice engrafted with human CD34+ stem cells, a more rapid emergence of T cells in the circulation of hosts bearing human HLA was shown, which may reflect a more efficient human T‐cell development in the mouse thymus. Development of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was accelerated in BRGSA2DR2 HIS mice and generated more balanced B and T‐cell compartments in peripheral lymphoid organs. Both B‐ and T‐cell function appeared enhanced in the presence of human HLA transgenes with higher levels of class switched Ig, increased percentages of polyfunctional T cells and clear evidence for antigen‐specific T‐cell responses following immunization. Taken together, the presence of human HLA class I and II molecules can improve multiple aspects of human B‐ and T‐cell homeostasis and function in the BRGS‐based HIS mouse model.
Utility of ZnGa2O4 Nanoparticles Obtained Hydrothermally for Preparation of GaN:ZnO Solid Solution Nanoparticles and Transparent Films
Authors: Asakura Yusuke , Nishimura Yukiho , Masubuchi Yuji , Yin Shu
Published: March 2019

GaN:ZnO solid solution nanoparticles and films were synthesized by using ZnGa2O4 nanoparticles with a particle size of below 25 nm obtained hydrothermally as a precursor. Nitridation of powder ZnGa2O4 nanoparticles led to the formation of GaN:ZnO nanoparticles. The nitrided samples have higher specific surface area than those obtained by conventional method, which induces higher photocatalytic NOx decomposition activity. In addition, a transparent coating film with ZnGa2O4 nanoparticles was converted to GaN:ZnO film after nitridation. The nitrided film absorbs UV and blue light and is transparent for light of wavelength over 500 nm (the transmittance is over 90 %). This means that the nitridation does not lead to the formation of scattering domains by the large‐size particles and cracks. This method for film preparation is much cheaper than conventional CVD and sputtering processes. These results strongly suggest the utility of ZnGa2O4 nanoparticles not only for the formation of GaN:ZnO solid solution nanoparticles with high specific surface area but also for the preparation of transparent GaN:ZnO solid solution films.
Recent Advances of Biphenylene: Synthesis, Reactions and Uses
Authors: Takano Hideaki , Ito Takeharu , Kanyiva Kyalo Stephen , Shibata Takanori
Published: March 2019

Biphenylene is an antiaromatic compound that has a strained butadiene skeleton that joins two benzene rings. Various methods for synthesizing the biphenylene core have been developed. In addition, the reactivity of biphenylene has attracted much attention because C–C bonds of biphenylene can be cleaved by various organometallic species. Furthermore, the biphenylene motif not only acts as a spacer in a variety of functional molecules, but also serves as a backbone for catalysts and ligands. This minireview summarizes how to construct the biphenylene structure, how to react biphenylene, and how to use the biphenylene skeleton in functional materials.
Nuclear magnetic resonance to study the interactions acting in the enantiomeric separation of homocysteine by capillary electrophoresis with a dual system of γ‐cyclodextrin and the chiral ionic liquid EtCholNTf2
Authors: Greño Maider , Salgado Antonio , Castro‐Puyana María , Marina María Luisa
Published: March 2019

The enantiomeric separation of 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (FMOC)‐homocysteine (Hcy) by CE was investigated using γ‐CD and the chiral ionic liquid (R)‐(1‐hydroxybutan‐2‐yl)(trimethyl)azanium‐bis(trifluoromethanesulfon)imidate (also called (R)‐N,N,N‐trimethyl‐2‐aminobutanol‐bis(trifluoromethane‐sulfon)imidate) (EtCholNTf2) as chiral selectors. Using 2 mM γ‐CD and 5 mM EtCholNTf2 in 50 mM borate buffer (pH 9), FMOC‐Hcy enantiomers were separated with a resolution value of 3.8. A reversal in the enantiomer migration order in comparison with the single use of γ‐CD in the separation buffer was obtained. Then, NMR experiments were carried out to elucidate the interactions taking place in the enantiomeric separation of FMOC‐Hcy. NMR analyses highlighted the formation of an inclusion complex since the hydrophobic group of FMOC‐Hcy was inserted into the γ‐CD cavity. Moreover, interactions between EtCholNTf2 and γ‐CD were also observed, suggesting that the chiral ionic liquid would also enter the cavity of the γ‐CD.
On the integration of the energy storage in smart grids: Technologies and applications
Authors: Kolokotsa Dionysia , Kampelis Nikos , Mavrigiannaki Angeliki , Gentilozzi Marco , Paredes Filippo , Montagnino Fabio , Venezia Luca
Published: March 2019

Smart grids are one of the major challenges of the energy sector for both the energy demand and energy supply in smart communities and cities. Grid connected energy storage systems are regarded as promising solutions for providing ancillary services to electricity networks and to play an important role in the development of smart grids. The aim of the present article is to analyze the role of storage systems in the development of smart grids. The article includes an analysis and a list of energy storage systems that are applied in smart grids. Various energy storage systems are examined raging from electrical, electrochemical, thermal, and mechanical systems. Two case studies are presented that show the role of energy storage in effective management of energy demand and supply.
An ensemble of LSTM neural networks for high‐frequency stock market classification
Authors: Borovkova Svetlana , Tsiamas Ioannis
Published: March 2019

We propose an ensemble of long–short‐term memory (LSTM) neural networks for intraday stock predictions, using a large variety of technical analysis indicators as network inputs. The proposed ensemble operates in an online way, weighting the individual models proportionally to their recent performance, which allows us to deal with possible nonstationarities in an innovative way. The performance of the models is measured by area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic. We evaluate the predictive power of our model on several US large‐cap stocks and benchmark it against lasso and ridge logistic classifiers. The proposed model is found to perform better than the benchmark models or equally weighted ensembles.
Development of fuzzy probability based random fields for the numerical structural design
Authors: Schietzold Friedemann N. , Schmidt Albrecht , Dannert Mona M. , Fau Amelie , Fleury Rudolfo M. N. , Graf Wolfgang , Kaliske Michael , Könke Carsten , Lahmer Tom , Nackenhorst Udo
Published: March 2019

In structural analysis with multivariate random fields, the underlying distribution functions, the autocorrelations, and the crosscorrelations require an extensive quantification. While those parameters are difficult to measure in experiments, a lack of knowledge is included. Therefore, polymorphic uncertainty models are attained by involving uncertainty models with epistemic characteristic for the quantification of the stochastic models in this contribution. Three extensions for random fields with polymorphic uncertainty modeling are introduced. Interval probability based random fields, fuzzy probability based random fields, and structural dependent autocorrelations for random fields are shown. Applications for engineering problems are shown for each extension, where uncertainty analysis of structures with different materials is performed. In this contribution, a damage simulation of a concrete beam with interval valued parametrization of stochastic models, an application for porous media in a multiphysical structural analysis with fuzzy valued parametrization and an uncertainty analysis with structural dependent autocorrelations for timber structures are presented.
WNT signaling represses astrogliogenesis via Ngn2‐dependent direct suppression of astrocyte gene expression
Authors: Sun Shuhui , Zhu Xiao‐Jing , Huang Hao , Guo Wei , Tang Tao , Xie Binghua , Xu Xiaofeng , Zhang Zunyi , Shen Ying , Dai Zhong‐Min , Qiu Mengsheng
Published: March 2019

Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are sequentially specified into neurons and glia during the development of central nervous system. WNT/β‐catenin signaling is known to regulate the balance between the proliferation and differentiation of NPCs during neurogenesis. However, the function of WNT/β‐catenin signaling during gliogenesis remains poorly defined. Here, we report that activation of WNT/β‐catenin signaling disrupts astrogliogenesis in the developing spinal cord. Conversely, inhibition of WNT/β‐catenin signaling leads to precocious astrogliogenesis. Further analysis reveals that activation of WNT/β‐catenin pathway results in a dramatic increase of neurogenin 2 (Ngn2) expression in transgenic mice, and knockdown of Ngn2 expression in neural precursor cells can reverse the inhibitory effect of WNT/β‐catenin on astrocytic differentiation. Moreover, Ngn2 can directly bind to the promoters of several astrocyte specific genes and suppress their expression independent of STATs activity. Together, our studies provide the first in vivo evidence that WNT/β‐catenin signaling inhibits early astrogliogenesis via an Ngn2‐dependent transcriptional repression mechanism.
Bayesian analysis of baseline risk of CIN2 and ≥CIN3 by HPV genotype in a European referral cohort
Authors: Bonde Jesper , Bottari Fabio , Parvu Valentin , Pedersen Helle , Yanson Karen , Iacobone Anna D. , Kodsi Salma , Landoni Fabio , Vaughan Laurence , Ejegod Ditte M. , Sandri Maria T.
Published: March 2019

Whereas HPV16 and HPV18 have been the focus in current risk‐based cervical cancer screening algorithms using HPV genotype information, mounting evidence suggests that oncogenic HPV types such as HPV31, 33, 52 and 58 pose a ≥CIN3 risk equivalent to or greater than that of HPV18, and the combined risk of HPV31 and HPV33 rivals even HPV16 in women above 30 years of age. Here, we evaluate the baseline risk of CIN2 and CIN3 by genotype in a colposcopy referral population from Denmark and Italy. In total, 655 women were enrolled upon a referral to colposcopy after a positive screening sample. All samples were HPV analyzed using Onclarity HPV assay with extended genotyping and combined with the histology outcomes, a Bayesian probability modeling was used to determine the risk per genotype assessed. The combined data for this referral population showed that the ≥CIN2 risk of HPV16 was 69.1%, HPV31 at 63.3%, HPV33/58 at 52.7%, HPV18 at 46.6% and HPV52 at 40.8%. For ≥CIN3, the risks were 44.3%, 38.5%, 36.8%, 30.9% and 16.8% for HPV16, HPV31, HPV18, HPV33/58 and HPV52, respectively, indicating that the baseline risk of disease arising from HPV16 is, not surprisingly, the highest among the oncogenic HPV genotypes. We find that the HPV genotype‐specific ≥CIN2 and ≥CIN3 risk‐patterns are so distinct that, for example, 35/39/68 and 56/59/66 should be considered only for low intensive follow‐up, thereby proposing active use of this information in triage strategies for screening HPV‐positive women.
Observing home‐visit quality with the home visit rating scales: Introduction to the special section
Authors: Peterson Carla A. , Roggman Lori A.
Published: March 2019

Evidence‐based home‐visiting programs aim to address one of the most important challenges facing our species—setting the next generation on a healthy path of development that prepares them for a future that is simultaneously uncertain and promising. Diverse research literatures have pointed to practices to effectively meet this challenge and better achieve the unfulfilled promise of home visiting by more effectively engaging parents in supporting their children's early development and well‐being. Measures of home‐visit quality practices drawn from social work, pediatric nursing, early childhood, and early intervention research literatures have identified building relationships with families and focusing on their strengths as effective, practices that are particularly important for vulnerable families. The articles in this special section used the Home Visit Rating Scales to examine stability in home‐visit quality over time, study specific home‐visiting processes linked with quality, validate a supervisor checklist of home‐visiting implementation, and consider the home visit in relation to an array of indicators reflecting overall home‐visiting program strength and stability. These articles exemplify progress in home‐visiting research over recent decades, including advances in direct observational methods and measurement as well as examinations of home visiting as an observable process across various home‐visiting program models and populations.
Prophylactic onlay reinforcement with absorbable mesh (polyglactin) is associated with less early wound complications after kidney transplantation: A preliminary study
Authors: Michalski Christoph W. , Mohammadi Sara , Khajeh Elias , Ghamarnejad Omid , Sabagh Mohammadsadegh , Pianka Frank , Golriz Mohammad , Kulu Yakup , Kallinowski Friedrich , Zeier Martin , Morath Christian , Diener Markus K. , Büchler Markus W. , Mehrabi Arianeb
Published: March 2019

Incidence of wound complications after kidney transplantation (KTx) is still considerable. Here, we report the impact of prophylactic absorbable polyglactin (Vicryl®) mesh reinforcement on the incidence of short‐term post‐KTx wound complications. Sixty‐nine patients were analyzed; 23 with and 46 without preventive onlay mesh reinforcement. Surgical site infections (SSI) were seen in six (26%) patients in the mesh group and in 17 (37%) patients in no‐mesh group. A lower, but not statistically significant, rate of early postoperative wound complications occurred in the mesh group. Wound complications were observed in seven (30%) patients in the mesh group and in 23 (50%) patients in the no‐mesh group. There was no association between mesh placement and SSI incidence (odds ratios [OR] 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.20–1.82, p = 0.369) and wound complications (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.15–1.26, p = 0.126). Therefore, we conclude that mesh reinforcement does not increase the risk of SSI and overall wound complications. Long‐term outcomes have to be evaluated in a randomized trial setting. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 108B:67–72, 2020.
Immunomodulatory effect of oleoylethanolamide in dendritic cells via TRPV1/AMPK activation
Authors: Yao Enhui , Zhang Guixiang , Huang Jinhua , Yang Xiazhen , Peng Lu , Huang Xuefeng , Luo Xiaoxin , Ren Jie , Huang Rui , Yang Lichao , Zhou Yu , Zhuo Rengong , Zhao Yun , Jin Xin
Published: March 2019

Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endogenous lipid mediator involved in the control of feeding, body weight, and energy metabolism. However, whether OEA modulates maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) has never been addressed. Hence, we evaluated the effect of OEA on DCs maturation in bone marrow‐derived DCs (BMDCs) in four aspects: (a) Cell surface markers were determined using flow cytometric analysis; (b) cell mobile ability was testified with the transwell assay; (c) stimulation of T cells proliferation was performed in a coculture system; and (d) cytokine production was measured using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The result showed that, in mature BMDCs induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the OEA treatment decreased expressions of cell surface markers, reduced cell migration, diminished the proliferation of cocultured T cells, and regulated cytokine production of BMDCs, indicating the modulatory effect of OEA on DCs maturation. Furthermore, to explore the underlying mechanism of the immunomodulatory effect of OEA, we used antagonists of transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1) and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), determined the protein expressions of TRPV1/AMPK and Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) using western blot, and measured the intracellular calcium concentration using calcium imaging. The result illustrated that OEA downregulated TLR4/NF‐κB, the classical pathway leading to DCs maturation induced by LPS, through the activation of TRPV1 and AMPK. Collectively, the present study suggests that OEA suppresses DCs maturation through the activation of TRPV1/AMPK. These findings increase our understanding of this endogenous lipid OEA.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Organic Luminescent Materials Based on Pyrazole Derivative
Authors: Duan Yingxiang , Zhao Qian , Yang Yanhua , Zhang Jinyang , Tao Xuan , Shen Yingzhong
Published: March 2019

Five new materials based on pyrazole derivatives have been synthesized and characterized as organic light‐emitting devices. This report presents a novel approach to combine pyrazole with aromatic hydrocarbons via methylene. The formed molecules exhibited twisted structures, which resulted in high glass transition temperatures (Tg), which ranged from 83.0 to 101.1°C. They also had high optical band gaps (Eg); most of their optical band gaps are determined by the absorption edge technique as 3.43 to 3.66 eV, evaluated photophysical properties of these synthesized novel chromophores, the optical properties such as maximum absorption and emission wavelengths (λ; nm), molar extinction coefficients (ε; cm−1·M−1), Stokes' shifts (ΔλST; nm), and quantum yields (φF). These compounds exhibited intense absorption bonds between 230 and 350 nm, and the effect of solvent polarity on emission of these pyrazole derivatives was also studied. In addition, they showed blue fluorescence in different solvents and bathochromic shift with the increase in the solvent polarity.
ART adherence clubs in the Western Cape of South Africa: what does the sustainability framework tell us? A scoping literature review
Authors: Flämig Kornelia , Decroo Tom , van den Borne Bart , van de Pas Remco
Published: March 2019

Introduction

In 2007, the antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence club (AC) model was introduced to South Africa to combat some of the health system barriers to ART delivery, such as staff constraints and increasing patient load causing clinic congestion. It aimed to absorb the growing number of stable patients on treatment, ensure quality of care and reduce the workload on healthcare workers. A pilot project of ACs showed improved outcomes for club members with increased retention in care, reduced loss to follow‐up and a reduction in viral rebound. In 2011, clubs were rolled out across the Cape Metro District with promising clinical outcomes. This review investigates factors that enable or jeopardize sustainability of the adherence club model in the Western Cape of South Africa.

Methods

A scoping literature review was carried out. Electronic databases, organizations involved in ACs and reference lists of relevant articles were searched. Findings were analysed using a sustainability framework of five key components: (1) Design and implementation processes, (2) Organizational capacity, (3) Community embeddedness, (4) Enabling environment and (5) Context.

Results and Discussion

The literature search identified 466 articles, of which six were included in the core review. Enablers of sustainability included the collaborative implementation process with collective learning sessions, the programme's flexibility, the high acceptability, patient participation and political support (to some extent). Jeopardizing factors revolved around financial constraints as non‐governmental organizations are the main supporters of ACs by providing staff and technical support.

Conclusions

The results showed convincing factors that enable sustainability of ACs in the long term and identified areas for future research. Community embeddedness of clubs with empowerment and participation of patients, is a strong enabler to the sustainability of the model. Further policies are recommended to regulate the role of lay healthcare workers, ensure the reliability of the drug supply and the funding of club activities.
Repeatability and reproducibility of 3D MR fingerprinting relaxometry measurements in normal breast tissue
Authors: Panda Ananya , Chen Yong , Ropella‐Panagis Kathleen , Ghodasara Satyam , Stopchinski Marcie , Seyfried Nicole , Wright Katherine , Seiberlich Nicole , Griswold Mark , Gulani Vikas
Published: March 2019

Background

The 3D breast magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) technique enables T1 and T2 mapping in breast tissues. Combined repeatability and reproducibility studies on breast T1 and T2 relaxometry are lacking.

Purpose

To assess test–retest and two‐visit repeatability and interscanner reproducibility of the 3D breast MRF technique in a single‐institution setting.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Eighteen women (median age 29 years, range, 22–33 years) underwent Visit 1 scans on scanner 1. Ten of these women underwent test–retest scan repositioning after a 10‐minute interval. Thirteen women had Visit 2 scans within 7–15 days in same menstrual cycle. The remaining five women had Visit 2 scans in the same menstrual phase in next menstrual cycle. Five women were also scanned on scanner 2 at both visits for interscanner reproducibility.

Field Strength/Sequence

Two 3T MR scanners with the 3D breast MRF technique.

Assessment

T1 and T2 MRF maps of both breasts.

Statistical Tests

Mean T1 and T2 values for normal fibroglandular tissues were quantified at all scans. For variability, between and within‐subjects coefficients of variation (bCV and wCV, respectively) were assessed. Repeatability was assessed with Bland–Altman analysis and coefficient of repeatability (CR). Reproducibility was assessed with interscanner coefficient of variation (CoV) and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.

Results

The bCV at test–retest scans was 9–12% for T1, 7–17% for T2, wCV was <4% for T1, and <7% for T2. For two visits in same menstrual cycle, bCV was 10–15% for T1, 13–17% for T2, wCV was <7% for T1 and <5% for T2. For two visits in the same menstrual phase, bCV was 6–14% for T1, 15–18% for T2, wCV was <7% for T1, and <9% for T2. For test–retest scans, CR for T1 and T2 were 130 msec and 11 msec. For two visit scans, CR was <290 msec for T1 and 10–14 msec for T2. Interscanner CoV was 3.3–3.6% for T1 and 5.1–6.6% for T2, with no differences between interscanner measurements (P = 1.00 for T1, P = 0.344 for T2).

Data Conclusion

3D breast MRF measurements are repeatable across scan timings and scanners and may be useful in clinical applications in breast imaging.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1133–1143.
Predicting retail shrink from performance pressure, ethical leader behavior, and store‐level incivility
Authors: Jensen Jaclyn M. , Cole Michael S. , Rubin Robert S.
Published: March 2019

Retail shrink, a form of inventory loss due primarily to employee theft and shoplifting, is a growing concern for retailers. Prior work on shrink has taken primarily an individual‐level focus to understanding this problem but has yet to really explore how the business context impacts shrink. The current study addresses this need by delineating and testing a unit‐level (i.e., between‐stores) conceptual model, wherein we examine the influence of performance pressure, ethical leader behavior, and store‐level incivility on shrink in a field study of 111 U.S. retail stores. Results demonstrate that performance pressure and ethical leadership interact to influence store‐level incivility. Further, stores with higher incivility also had higher levels of shrink. A focus on the contextual predictors of shrink provides timely insights into the role of performance pressure and leadership on store‐level incivility and consequently on retail shrink. In light of increasingly thin margins in the retail industry, the evidence on how pressure to perform and ethical leadership influences retail shrink may offer a solution to retailers looking to stem financial losses by promoting civility in the workplace.
Interactions of tropical cyclones with the Windward and Leeward Islands
Authors: Legates David R. , Ugwu Ernest B. I. , Seraphin Anthony , Lankford Aaron J.
Published: March 2019

Using the Atlantic Hurricane Database (HURDAT2) and the General Bathymetry Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO‐2014), the probability of tropical cyclones of various intensities (hurricane, tropical storm, or a tropical depression) making landfall through the Lesser Antilles (i.e., the Windward and Leeward Islands—from 12.5°N to 17.5°N and 59.0°W to 63.0°W) from 1991 to 2016 was evaluated. HURDAT2 data from 1979 to 2016 also were used to assess storm location, maximum sustained winds, and minimum central pressure as they passed through the Lesser Antilles.

In this region, tropical depressions generally did not intensify with respect to maximum sustained wind speeds and only one intensified with respect to a drop in its central pressure. By contrast, hurricanes were more likely to show intensification with respect to maximum sustained wind speed and central pressure. Tropical storms were equally likely to intensify or dissipate. Also, the data indicate that with the passage of a hurricane, maximum sustained winds were less likely to increase despite a drop in the central pressure. For tropical storms and particularly with tropical depressions, the effect of the islands is more pronounced.
SpoilagePseudomonasbiofilm withEscherichia coliprotection in fish meat at 5 °C
Authors: Sterniša Meta , Klančnik Anja , Smole Možina Sonja
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Pseudomonasare part of the indigenous microbiota of different foods, where they gradually cause spoilage. In fish meat,Pseudomonas fragiandPseudomonas psychrophilahave been identified as important spoilers. The initial aim of this study was to investigate the physiological characteristics, adhesion, and biofilm ofP. fragiandP. psychrophilaunder temperatures related to the fish‐processing industry. The further aim was to define the problem of increased growth of pathogenic bacteria in the presence of spoilage bacteriain vitroand in fish meat.

RESULTS

Temperature dependence on physiological characteristics, adhesion, and biofilm was observed. Hydrophobicity and autoaggregation were most prominent at 15 °C, and at this temperature floating biofilm was also formed. The adhesion of thesePseudomonaswas up to 2 log CFU cm−1more pronounced on stainless steel than polystyrene, with up to five times greater biofilm biomass production at 5 °C on polystyrene. This paralleled at least a 0.5 log CFU g−1increase in the pathogenic bacteriumEscherichia coliin fish meat.

CONCLUSION

Pseudomonas fragiandP. psychrophilaadhesion and biofilm depend on the temperature, and are stimulated by temperatures that can occur during the processing and storage of fish meat. StrongPseudomonasbiofilm formation under refrigeration conditions is protective forE. coli, potentially by providing more favorable conditions by ensuring a higher concentration of nutrients. Interactions between spoilagePseudomonasand pathogenic bacteria can occur through different mechanisms, and an understanding of these is of particular importance to ensure the overall quality and safety of fish meat and other proteinaceous foods. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetics of the reactions of catechins with hypochlorite, peroxynitrite, and amino acid–derived peroxyl‐ radicals
Authors: Gebicka Lidia , Gebicki Jerzy L.
Published: March 2019

Catechins, one of the class of flavonoids, are known as very efficient antioxidants. Here we investigated the kinetics of the reactions of three catechins, namely, catechin, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with some oxidants, which are formed in vivo under oxidative stress, hypochlorite, peroxynitrite, and amino acid peroxyl radicals. Stopped‐flow spectrophotometry and pulse radiolysis technique with absorption detection were used to observe the formation of intermediate products of oxidized catechins. We found that catechins react with hypochlorite with the rate constant of the order of 105–106 M−1 s−1 at pH 7.4. Experimental kinetic traces of the reaction of EGCG with valine peroxyl radicals were fitted using chemical simulation, and the rate constant of this reaction was found to be 5 × 105 M−1 s−1. The rate constants of the formation of unstable catechin quinones in the reaction with peroxynitrite were comparable to that of spontaneous peroxynitrite isomerization, which indicates that catechins are oxidized indirectly by peroxynitrite. Biological consequences of these reactions are discussed.
Association between laryngopharyngeal reflux and benign vocal folds lesions: A systematic review.
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Saussez Sven , Nacci Andrea , Barillari Maria Rosaria , Rodriguez Alexandra , Le Bon Serge D. , Crevier‐Buchman Lise , Harmegnies Bernard , Finck Camille , Akst Lee M.
Published: March 2019

Objectives

To investigate the role of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in the development of benign lesions of the vocal folds (BLVF).

Methods

PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched by three independent investigators for articles published between January 1990 and November 2018 providing substantial information about the role of LPR in the development of nodules, polyps, cysts, Reinke's edema, and sulcus vocalis. Inclusion, exclusion, diagnostic criteria and clinical outcome evaluation of included studies were analyzed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses criteria.

Results

Of the 155 relevant publications, 42 studies were included. Thirty‐five were clinical studies and seven were experimental research studying the impact of reflux on vocal fold tissue. Only seven clinical studies utilized objective LPR diagnoses (pH monitoring), suggesting an association between LPR and the development of nodules, polyps, and Reinke's edema. These studies were characterized by a substantial heterogeneity due to discrepancies in inclusion/exclusion criteria, diagnostic methods, and clinical outcome evaluation. The few basic science studies on this topic support that LPR creates an environment that may predispose to BLVF through changes in defense mechanisms of the vocal folds, cell‐to‐cell dehiscence, inflammatory reaction of the vocal folds, and reaction to phonotrauma.

Conclusions

Caustic mucosal injury from LPR could cause increased susceptibility of the vocal fold mucosa to injury and subsequent formation of nodules, polyps, or Reinke's edema. However, the heterogeneity and the low number of high‐quality studies limit the ability to draw definitive conclusions. Future clinical and experimental studies are needed to better identify the role of reflux in development of BLVF.

Laryngoscope, 129:E329–E341, 2019
The potential of straw mulch as a nature‐based solution for soil erosion in olive plantation treated with glyphosate: A biophysical and socioeconomic assessment
Authors: Rodrigo‐Comino Jesús , Giménez‐Morera Antonio , Panagos Panos , Pourghasemi Hamid Reza , Pulido Manuel , Cerdà Artemi
Published: March 2019

Fifty paired plots under simulated rainfall showed that the use of a cover of straw mulch of 50% (1 mg ha−1) in olive orchards results in a reduction of soil erosion. An economic survey based on interviews shows that the use of straw mulch in olive plantation would cost €174.7 ha−1, from which €54.7 ha−1 is needed for the application work, €52.3 ha−1 for the purchase cost, and €67.7 ha−1 for the transport of 20‐kg bales. The cost of the straw is 22.5% of the total income of the farmers. We found that their perception was negative about the use of straw mulch, as the tradition is to keep the soil clean from any weed or cover, except the crop. However, farmers would use it if they would be subsidized with a minimum of €267 ha−1, which is €92 ha−1 more than the costs estimated on the basis of the surveys. We conclude that soil erosion can be controlled with the use of straw mulch but that to convince farmers to adopt this management strategy, it needs to be subsidized.
Prominent Oromandibular Dystonia as Levodopa‐induced Dyskinesia in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Tee Tze Yuan , Khoo Ching Soong , Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
Published: March 2019

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Influence of IL‐1R2 polymorphisms on endometrial cancer susceptibility in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Wu Jiamin , Zhang Wenjie , Cai Junhong , Huang Sizhe , Niu Fanglin , Zhang Ying , Bao Shan , Jin Tianbo
Published: March 2019

Background

Recently, many studies have identified that genetic factor plays a crucial role in endometrial cancer development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL‐1R2 on endometrial cancer susceptibility.

Methods

We performed a case‐control study that included 293 patients with endometrial cancer and 579 healthy controls. Six SNPs in the IL‐1R2 gene were genotyped using the Agena MassARRAY platform. Genetic models and haplotype analyses were used to assess the association between SNPs and endometrial cancer risk by computing odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Overall analysis results found that two SNPs (rs4851527 and rs3218896) and haplotypes TGTC and TACT were significantly associated with endometrial cancer risk. Stratified analysis by age showed that rs2072472 was associated with endometrial cancer risk in age >54 subgroup.

Conclusions

These findings suggested that IL‐1R2 polymorphisms may contribute to the development of endometrial cancer. Further studies are required to confirm the results.
A deep learning‐ and partial least square regression‐based model observer for a low‐contrast lesion detection task in CT
Authors: Gong Hao , Yu Lifeng , Leng Shuai , Dilger Samantha K. , Ren Liqiang , Zhou Wei , Fletcher Joel G. , McCollough Cynthia H.
Published: March 2019

Purpose

This work aims to develop a new framework of image quality assessment using deep learning‐based model observer (DL‐MO) and to validate it in a low‐contrast lesion detection task that involves CT images with patient anatomical background.

Methods

The DL‐MO was developed using the transfer learning strategy to incorporate a pretrained deep convolutional neural network (CNN), a partial least square regression discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) model and an internal noise component. The CNN was previously trained to achieve the state‐of‐the‐art classification accuracy over a natural image database. The earlier layers of the CNN were used as a deep feature extractor, with the assumption that similarity exists between the CNN and the human visual system. The PLSR model was used to further engineer the deep feature for the lesion detection task in CT images. The internal noise component was incorporated to model the inefficiency and variability of human observer (HO) performance, and to generate the ultimate DL‐MO test statistics. Seven abdominal CT exams were retrospectively collected from the same type of CT scanners. To compare DL‐MO with HO, 12 experimental conditions with varying lesion size, lesion contrast, radiation dose, and reconstruction types were generated, each condition with 154 trials. CT images of a real liver metastatic lesion were numerically modified to generate lesion models with four lesion sizes (5, 7, 9, and 11 mm) and three contrast levels (15, 20, and 25 HU). The lesions were inserted into patient liver images using a projection‐based method. A validated noise insertion tool was used to synthesize CT exams with 50% and 25% of routine radiation dose level. CT images were reconstructed using the weighted filtered back projection algorithm and an iterative reconstruction algorithm. Four medical physicists performed a two‐alternative forced choice (2AFC) detection task (with multislice scrolling viewing mode) on patient images across the 12 experimental conditions. DL‐MO was operated on the same datasets. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation and agreement between DL‐MO and HO.

Results

A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between DL‐MO and HO for the 2AFC low‐contrast detection task that involves patient liver background. The corresponding Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was 0.986 [95% confidence interval (0.950, 0.996)]. Bland–Altman agreement analysis did not indicate statistically significant differences.

Conclusions

The proposed DL‐MO is highly correlated with HO in a low‐contrast detection task that involves realistic patient liver background. This study demonstrated the potential of the proposed DL‐MO to assess image quality directly based on patient images in realistic, clinically relevant CT tasks.
Characterization of the plastic scintillation detector Exradin W2 for small field dosimetry
Authors: Galavis Paulina E. , Hu Lei , Holmes Shannon , Das Indra J.
Published: March 2019

Purpose

Small field dosimetry has been an active area of research for over a decade. It is now known that large dosimetric errors can be introduced if proper detectors or correction factors are not used. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) through the technical report series No. 483 provides guidelines for small field dosimetry procedures as well as correction factors for most detectors available in the market. The plastic scintillator detector (PSD) Exradin W1 has been found to have a correction factor close to unity; however, it is not designed for beam scanning. To overcome this limitation, the new PSD Exradin W2 has been developed to be used as a scanning as well as a relative dosimeter. Characterization of this detector in small field dosimetry is presented in this study.

Methods

A 6 MV beam from a Varian‐Edge linac was used to collect data for the characterization of a W2 detector. Cerenkov light ratio (CLR) is corrected through a separate new electrometer system that comes with the W2 detector. The parameters investigated include the dose and dose rate linearity, beam profiles, percent depth dose (PDD), field output factors, and temperature response. The results were compared with Gafchromic film (EBT‐3 film) for beam profiles. The field output factor and temperature response were compared to the Exradin W1 detector.

Results

The dose linearity measured with 600 MU/min dose rate showed minimal variations (<0.5%) even for small MU, and similar results were seen for dose rate linearity. The comparison of field output factors between the W2 and W1 showed small differences for various depth and field sizes. The temperature response showed small variation when the temperature was varied from to . The slope was and for the W2 and the W1 detector, respectively. The differences in profiles are 0.5% in umbra and penumbra region for field size when compared to the EBT‐3 film profile.

Conclusions

The W2 scintillator detector showed similar dosimetric and temperature properties to the W1 scintillator detector. The main advantage of the W2 detector among other plastic scintillators is the beam scanning capabilities that, combined with its correction factor of 1.0, make it an ideal detector for commissioning of SRS and SBRT techniques.
Intra‐ and inter‐site reproducibility of human brain single‐voxel proton MRS at 3 T
Authors: Graf Carina , MacMillan Erin L. , Fu Eric , Harris Trudy , Traboulsee Anthony , Vavasour Irene M. , MacKay Alex L. , Mädler Burkhard , Li David K.B. , Laule Cornelia
Published: March 2019

Introduction

Clinical trials that involve participants from multiple sites necessitate standardized and reliable quantitative MRI outcomes to detect significant group differences over time. Metabolite concentrations measured by proton MRS (1H‐MRS) provide valuable information about in vivo metabolism of the central nervous system, but can vary based on the acquisition and quantitation methods used by different MR sites. Therefore, we investigated the intra‐ and inter‐site reproducibility of metabolite concentrations measured by 1H‐MRS on MRI scanners from a single manufacturer across six sites.

Methods

Five healthy controls were scanned twice within 24 h at six participating 3 T MR sites with large single‐voxel PRESS (TE/TR/NSA = 36 ms/4000 ms/56) and anatomical images for voxel positioning and correction of partial volume relaxation. Absolute metabolite concentrations were calculated relative to the T1 and T2 relaxation corrected signal from water. Intra‐ and inter‐site reproducibility was assessed using Bland–Altman plots and intra‐ and inter‐site coefficient of variation (CoV) as well as intra‐ and inter‐site intra‐class correlation coefficient.

Results

The median intra‐site CoVs for the five major metabolite concentrations ([NAA], [tCr], [Glu], [tCho] and [Ins]) were between 2.5 and 5.3%. Inter‐site CoVs were also low, with the median CoVs for all metabolites between 3.7 and 6.4%. Metabolite concentrations were robust to small inconsistencies in voxel placement and site was not the driving factor in the variance of the measurement of any metabolite concentration. Between‐subject differences accounted for the majority of the concentration variability for creatine, choline and myo‐inositol (42–65% of the variance).

Conclusion

A large single‐voxel 1H‐MRS acquisition from a single manufacturer's MRI scanner is highly reproducible and reliable for multi‐site clinical trials.
Hypoglycaemic treatment adherence and the association with psychological, self‐management and glycaemic characteristics in adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Martyn‐Nemeth Pamela , Birlingmair Reid , Idemudia Esema , Park Chang
Published: March 2019

Aim

The purpose of this study was to examine adherence to hypoglycaemia treatment guidelines in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The American Diabetes Association recommends consumption of 15–20 g of glucose to treat hypoglycaemia. Overtreatment may result in poor glycaemic control and greater glycaemic variability. It is not fully understood how well T1DM adults comply with hypoglycaemia treatment recommendations.

Design

A secondary analysis using a descriptive comparative design.

Methods

Using real‐time measures over six consecutive days, we examined (a) adherence to hypoglycaemia treatment guidelines and (b) comparisons of demographic self‐management behaviour, psychological characteristics and glycaemia between adherent and non‐adherent groups.

Results

Findings revealed those who overtreated consumed more daily grain servings and reported higher stress and depressed mood compared with those who followed treatment recommendations. Findings suggest that hypoglycaemia treatment practices and psychological factors influencing self‐management should be assessed.
Thermal and mechanical behavior of thermoplastic composites reinforced with fibers enzymatically extracted from Ampelodesmos mauritanicus
Authors: Sarasini Fabrizio , Tirillò Jacopo , Maffei Gianluca , Zuorro Antonio , Lavecchia Roberto , Luzi Francesca , Puglia Debora , Torre Luigi , Maghchiche Abdelhak
Published: March 2019

This work investigates the morphology, the thermal, and mechanical properties of technical fibers extracted from the Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Diss) grass using a process that combines mechanical, mild chemical, and enzymatic steps. The structure and the thermal stability of Diss fibers make them suitable as a reinforcing filler in polymer composites, which was assessed by manufacturing biocomposites with improved stiffness and a tensile strength not degraded by Diss fibers when compared to those of a commodity polymer and a biodegradable one, namely polypropylene and poly(lactic acid). This work confirms that enzyme mixtures obtained from commercially available products of relatively low cost can represent a simple and environmentally friendly means to extract less common natural fibers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:2418–2428, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Predictors of Outcome Following Tenotomy in Patients with Recalcitrant Epicondylopathy
Authors: Martin Jose I. , Atilano Leire , Merino Josu , Gonzalez Igor , Iglesias Gotzon , Areizaga Luis , Bully Paola , Grandes Gontzal , Andia Isabel
Published: March 2019

Background

Elbow tendinopathies are associated with tenderness, pain, and functional disability with ensuing socioeconomic costs. There is lack of consensus regarding the best treatment for patients recalcitrant to first‐line conservative treatments. Percutaneous needle tenotomy is considered a regenerative approach that injures the tendon to elicit a healing response.

Objective

To investigate whether demographic characteristics, clinical factors, baseline sonographic entities, or their interactions are related to the likelihood of responding positively to needle tenotomy over a 1‐year follow‐up period.

Design

Prospective case series.

Setting

Tertiary institutional hospital.

Participants

Patients with elbow tendinopathy for whom conservative treatments had failed and who had persistent symptoms lasting for at least 3 months.

Methods

Patients underwent needle tenotomy with or without PRP followed by a lighter needle tenotomy within a 2‐week interval as part of treatment.

Main Outcome Measurements

Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Visual Analogue Scale for pain (VAS‐P) scores were assessed before intervention (baseline) and at 6 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months after intervention. A generalized linear mixed effects model was created to examine whether injectate type, clinical, demographic, or pretreatment sonographic entities or their interactions influenced clinical outcomes.

Results

The authors analyzed 74 elbows (71 patients). At baseline, analyzed patients (mean age: 49.48 years; 51.35% women) scored 43.30 and 5.83 on the DASH and VAS‐P, respectively. Pretreatment tendon vascularization was a predictor of pain (P = .011) and DASH score changes (P = .019). The linear mixed effect model revealed that male gender and hypercholesterolemia were associated with enhanced functional recovery, (P = .020 and P < .001, respectively). Moreover, the interactions between pretreatment vascular status (P = .039), echotexture (P = .037) and enthesophytes (P = .028) influenced the temporal pattern of functional recovery after needle tenotomy.

Conclusions

Baseline patient characteristics, such as gender and hypercholesterolemia, along with ultrasound features may be predictive of outcomes following needle tenotomy for elbow tendinopathy.

Level of Evidence

IV (NCT01945528).