bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GAMMA HEAVY CHAIN DISEASE
Authors: Abe Masafumi , Wakasa Haruki , Mori Naoyoshi , Kojima Mizu
Published: December 2008

Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies were carried out on materials obtained from three patients of gamma heavy chain disease (λ‐HCD). Electron microscopically, proliferating cells showed various stages of maturation from immunoblast to plasma cell, and the majority of proliferating cells were proplasmacytes and plasma cells. From the intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin studies by immunoperoxidase method (PAP method) and electron microscopical enzyme‐labeled antibody technique, proliferating cells, such as the immunoblast, plasmablast, proplasmacyte, and plasma cell, showed positive reaction to anti‐λ‐heavy chain serum and anti‐Fc fragment (IgG) serum, and also in a third case with Bence Jones protein, proliferating cells showed positive reaction to anti‐K light chain serum. We would conclude that proliferating cells in λ‐HCD might be a single clone proliferation of B‐cell synthesizing λ‐HCD protein, and the predominant proliferation cells are proplasmacytes and plasma cells situated near mature plasma cells in the B‐cell line.
PRIMARY MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA OF THE ENDOMETRIUM
Authors: Takaki Yoshihide , Kishikawa Masao , Serine Ichiro , Nishimori Issei , Hieata Mitsuro , Namiki Hideo
Published: December 2008

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) has become one of the most common malignancies occurring in soft tissue. To our knowledge, the present case is the first of MFH occurring in the endometrium. The uterus removed from a 47‐year‐old woman demonstrated a large multinodular endometrial lesion with gross invasive foci in the myometrium and the left oviduct. Microscopically, the endometrial tumor and the invasive lesions were composed of dense sheets of markedly pleomorphic cells consisting of fibroblast‐like cells, histiocyte‐like cells, foamy histiocytes, benign appearing multinucleated giant cells resembling either osteoclasts or Touton giant cells, and bizarre tumor giant cells. Some of the tumor cells showed phagocytic activities. The tumor cells were oriented in a random or haphazard fashion and classical storiform and fascicular patterns were not observed. The tumor was diagnosed as MFH consisting exclusively of so‐called pleomorphic pattern. The patient is alive without evidence of disease, months following total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy.
HISTIOCYTIC NECROTIZING LYMPHADENITIS
Authors: Eimoto Tadaaki , Kikuchi Masahiro , Mitsui Tetsuji
Published: December 2008

The lymph nodes from 10 cases of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL), 3 cases of necrotizing lymphadenitis with follicular hyperplasia (NLFH), and 11 cases of various types of lymphadenitis (abscess‐forming, tuberculous, Piringer‐type, “viral”, and nonspecific lymphadenitides) were comparatively studied. The NLFH, clinically representing a milder form of collagen disease, showed necrotizing lesions similar to those of HNL but with follicular hyperplasia, more plasma cells, and scattered neutrophils; the latter features closely resemble those of some lymph nodes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Ultrastructurally, HNL and NLFH both showed coagul‐ative necroses of individual lymphocytes, the macrophages with large cellular debris, prominent immunoblasts, and cytoplasmic inclusions such as frequent tubuloreticular structures (TRS) and “intracytoplasmic rodlets” (ICR). The necrotic modality in abscess‐forming and tuberculous lymphadenitides was different and the macrophages contained smaller debris. The immunoblasts were less prominent in “viral” lymphadenitis and much less in the others. While TRS were present in may cases of other lymphadenitides as well, they were positive in a much smaller number of cells only; the ICR were found exclusively in HNL and NLFH. These findings suggest a relationship between HNL and NLFH; they may form a spectrum of hyperimmune reaction that includes fSLE as an extreme manifestation.
SOLITARY PLASMACYTOMA OF THE SUBMANDIBULAR LYMPH NODE WITH STROMAL AMYLOID DEPOSITS
Authors: Ohmori Takaaki , Tabei Ryo , Arita Norimasa , Kondo Mari , Kozawa Tetsuo , Chikamori Yoshinori , Ueda Norifumi
Published: December 2008

This report concerns a case of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the left submandibular lymph node in a 56‐year‐old man. The tumor showed monoclonal proliferation of abnormal plasma cells which revealed highly positive stainings of both methylgreen pyronin and kappa light chain using the immunoperoxidase technique in the cytoplasms, and further revealed massive‘.amyloid’deposits in the stroma, which suggested the possibility of sequential amyloid formation upon the secretion of paraprotein by tumor cells.
PRIMARY CARCINOID TUMOR OF THE LARYNX AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Nonomura Akitaka , Shintani Toshihisa , Kono Naoko , Kamimura Ryoichi , Ohta Goroku
Published: December 2008

Primary carcinoid tumor of the larynx is very rare. This is the fifth case reported in the literature and the first autopsy case of laryngeal carcinoid. The early manifestation of the present case was multiple metastasis to the skin. At autopsy there was a laryngeal tumor associated with widespread visceral and cutaneous metastases. The tumor proved to be carcinoid tumor by histological, histochemical and electron microscopic findings.
LOCALIZATION OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: Kawano Yoshiro
Published: December 2008

The author respectively examined the localization of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in 150 autopsy cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCG) with particular attention to growth pattern of HCG. Varying numbers of orcein‐positive cells were observed In 42 cases (28.0%) with various distribution patterns, and all the 42 cases were confirmed with immunoperoxidase technique for HBsAg. HBsAg‐positive cells were detected in HCG tissue In 10 cases (6.6%) among the 150 cases. Regarding the growth pattern of HCG in the 10 cases, many HBsAg‐positive cells were seen In HGGs of the sinusoidal and replacing types, in which the hepatocytes were frequently retained in the cancerous tissue, particularly around the tumor‐nontumor boundary. On the other hand, there was no HBsAg‐positive cell in the encapsulated type HGC which was the most common (approximately 50%) in the present study and in which the retained hepatocytes were hardly seen. Meticulous histological observation after decoloration of the positive reaction to HBsAg in the sections treated with immunoperoxidase technique and subsequent eosin stain disclosed that HBsAg‐positive cells in HGC tissue were retained hepatocytes in 9 cases, and the possibility of HCC cell was not denied in one case. Moreover, HBsAg‐positive cells were never detected in tumor thrombi of the portal vein branches and pulmonary metastases.
SCANNING AND TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY ON THE CEREBRAL ARTERIAL ENDOTHELIUM OF EXPERIMENTALLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS FED AN ATHEROGENIC DIET
Authors: Sakata Noriyuki , Ida Tooru , Joshita Takashi , Ooneda Genju
Published: December 2008

In order to clarify the roles of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in atherogenesis, the cerebral arterial endothelium of experimentally hypertensive female rats fed an atherogenic diet were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The hypertension was induced by constriction of the bilateral renal arteries. In both hypertensive groups, group I (hypertension+hypercholesterolemia) and group III (hypertension), many endothelial cells covered with numerous microvillous projections were observed. Pinocytotic vesicles and caveolae were also increased in these endothelial cells. On the other hand, in group II loaded with only hypercholesterolemia, microvillous projections on the endothelial cells tended to be increased, but its grade seemed to be lower than those of the hypertensive groups. These findings suggest that hypertension appears to be more effective than hypercholesterolemia in the cause of the increase of microvilli on the endothelial cell surfaces and the increase may be related to increased permeability in the cerebral arteries.
POTENTIATION OF LARGE INTESTINAL TUMORIGENICITY OF CYCASIN DERIVATIVE BY HIGH–FAT DIET AND LACTOBACILLUS IN GERMFREE MICE
Authors: Iwasaki Isao , Yumoto Norio , Iwase Hirosato , Ide Genshiro
Published: December 2008

Large intestinal tumorigenesis was investigated in germ free (GF) mice following the administration of methylazoxymethanol (MAM) acetate, lard, and lactobacillus arabinosus. Twelve weekly doses of 0.3 mg/10 g MAM acetate given to groups of male weanling, germfree ICR mice, fed either low‐fat (LF) chow alone, or chow with added lard (HF). Additional groups of mice, on the low‐fat diet, were monocontaminated with lactobacillus arabinosus (GA) and they and their GF controls were given 12 weekly doses of 0.2 mg/10 g of MAM acetate. The HF and LF groups were sacrificed after 123 days, and the GA and GF groups after 214 days. Serial sections of the entire large intestine of the MAM acetate‐treated mice revealed many more sessile polyps in the mice maintained on the high‐fat diet. In the mice monocontaminated with lactobacillus, numerous tumors were found, of which 25 percent were invasive. In addition, the polyps found in these animals were generally considerably larger than the polyps found in the GF mice. Atypia occurred in the large intestinal mucosa in all groups. Lard enhanced the large intestinal polypogenesis induced by MAM acetate in germfree mice. Gnotobiosis potentiated the formation of sessile polyps, and carcinogenesis.
ADENOID SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE PENIS Report of a Surgical Case Clinically Manifested with Rapid Lung Metastasis
Authors: Watanabe Kishichiro , Mukawa Akio , Miyazaki Kimiomi , Tsukahara Kenji
Published: December 2008

A surgical case of an aggressive form of adenoid squamous cell carcinoma of the penis was studied. The histological features of the tumor originating from the coronal region of the penis showed a well differentiated keratinized squamous cell carcinoma in the superficial area, which transformed into, with a zone of transition in between, an alveolar structure in the deep invading portion and in the metastatic tumor in the inguinal lymph nodes. The alveolar lining cells exhibited an undifferentiated appearance with prominent nucleoli, frequent mitotic figures, and vascular invasion. These cells were neither dyskeratotic nor acanthotic as described in the literatures. Mucin was negative in the tumor cells and angiosarcoma was ruled out with a sliver impregnation technique. The patient took a rapid downhill course for the ordinary squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, and he expired eight months after penile amputation with a radiological evidence of lung metastasis. These unusual pathological features and an aggressive behavior of this tumor which were not hitherto described for adenoid squamous cell carcinomas necessitated this report. Autopsy was not performed.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM‐CEA AND TISSUE‐CEA OF RESECTED LUNG CANCER CASES
Authors: Okamura Akiharu , Ohkawa Jiro , Fujisawa Hiroshi , Sashikata Terumasa
Published: December 2008

The clinicopathological correlation between serum‐CEA (s‐CEA) and immunohistological tissue‐CEA (t‐CEA) was studied on 63 cases of operated lung cancers. T‐CEA was examined by peroxidase anti‐peroxidase (PAP) method. T‐CEAs were detected in 36/39 cases (92.3%) of adenocarcinoma, 16/16 cases (100%) of epidermoid carcinoma, 2/5 cases (40%) of large cell carcinoma, and 1/ 3 case (33.3%) of small cell carcinoma. T‐CEAs in adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma with much exhibited moderate to strong reactivity with diffuse distribution, and also s‐CEA of these cases indicated high levels. On the contrary, in epidermoid carcinoma t‐CEAs showed a weak reactivity with focal distribution, and s‐CEAs also demonstrated low levels. In adenocarcinoma it was suggested that the more cancers were differentiated, the more t‐CEA and s‐CEA were increased, and about two third of cases showed a balance between t‐CEA and much content in cancer tissue. S‐CEAs were not correlated with the size of the primary lesion or the extent of lymph node metastasis, but with the histological types, i.e. high levels of s‐CEA in adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma with mucin. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 1209–1219, 1984.
PERIPHERAL AND AUTONOMIC NERVE LESIONS IN SYSTEMIC AMYLOIDOSIS Three Pathological Types of Amyloid Polyneuropathy
Authors: Yamada Masahito , Hatakeyama Shigeru , Tsukagoshi Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

Twenty autopsy cases of systemic amyloidosis, consisting of 10 cases of primary systemic amyloidosis, 6 cases of myeloma‐associated amyloidosis, 2 cases of secondary amyloidosis, and 2 cases of hereditary amyloidosis, were studied clinically and pathologically with special reference to peripheral and autonomic neuropathy. The peripheral nerves of 8 cases with clinical manifestations of polyneuropathy showed deposition of amyloid in the endoneurium, capillaries within the nerve fascicles, perineurium, and epineurium with a loss and degeneration of the nerve fibers. In the peripheral nerve lesions of these cases, there appeared to be three types: I. Endoneurial deposition of amyloid— loss of unmyelinated and small myelinated fibers, 11. vessel wall deposition of amyloid in the vasa nervorum — loss of large myelinated fibers; and III. aixed type of I and II. While the peripheral nerves of 12 cases without neuropathy mainly showed deposition of amyloid in the epineurium and perineurium with well preserved nerve fibers. The possibility was considered that the pathogenesis and variety of peripheral and autonomic nerve lesions might be related to the various molecular features of amyloid proteins or their precursors in systemic amyloidosis. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 1251–1266, 1984.
CELLULAR AND HUMORAL DYNAMICS IN THE PERIARTERIAL LYMPHATIC SHEATHS OF RAT SPLEENS
Authors: Koshikawa Takashi , Asai Junpei , Iijima Soichi
Published: December 2008

Humoral and cellular dynamics in the periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) of the splenic white pulp were investigated in regards to the lymph flow and the architecture of the deep lymphatics in rat spleens. The effects of the splenic venous pressure on the lymph flow were also examined. We found a remarkable depletion of lymphocytes in the PALS and strong lymph flow to the deep lymphatics from the red pulp when the spleen was perfused via the splenic artery at a high speed with a high venous pressure. It was evident that lymphocyte depletion in the PALS depended on the venous pressure during the perfusion. Hemorrhage and lymphocyte depletion in the PALS also occurred after the ligature of the splenic vein. The migration of charcoal particles into the PALS via the red pulp was observed after intravenous or direct injection of charcoal particles. However, the briding channels in the marginal zone (MZ were always free of charcoal particles. The existence of deep lymphatics was confirmed around the central arteries which were more than 20 μm in diameter. The ligature of the thoracic duct resulted in the dilatation of the deep lymphatics and intercellular spaces which were easily recognized as the termination of the splenic lymphatics. The terminal lymphatics were localized only in the PALS but not in the follicles. Therefore, the PALS might be considered to act as a central station of the extra‐vascular pathway which is connected to both the deep lymphatics and the MZ bridging channels. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 1301–1311, 1984.
AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF EXTRASKELETAL MESENCHYMAL CHONDROSARCOMA
Authors: Sato Noriyuki , Minase Takashi , Yoshida Yutaka , Narimatsu Eimei , Muroya Kohzo , Asaishi Kazuaki , Kikuchi Kokichi
Published: December 2008

A rare case of extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a 47‐year‐old woman is reported. The tumor was located in the soft tissue of left upper arm without any involvement of the humerus. The outer portion of the tumor was histologically composed of primitive mesenchymal cells, and the inner portion showed zones of cartilaginous differentiation. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells in the primitive areas had a relatively small number of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and free polysomes, and the matrix of the tumor consisted of dense bundles of collagen fibrils. The cartilaginous cells seen in the central portion of tumor were embedded in the matrix of abundant collagen fibrils and matrix granules. They had polysomes, well‐developed Golgi complexes, and ample rough endoplasmic reticulum frequently with dilatation. Clear zones adjacent to the cells were seen in the extracellular matrix. With a review of the literature, the histogenesis of this particular tumor is discussed. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 1355–1363, 1984.
MERKEL CELL TUMOR OF THE SKIN Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Studies
Authors: Yoshida Yutaka , Takei Takashi , Hattori Atsuo , Kaku Tohru , Yokokawa Kinya , Mori Michio
Published: December 2008

A skin tumor of a 66‐y‐ear‐old female was investigated morphologically and immunohistochemically. The tumor was located within the dermis and comprised of rounded cells with scanty cytoplasm, which proliferated forming a small nest or trabecular arrangement. Electron microscopic observation indicated the presence of dense‐core granules within the tumor cell cytoplasm suggesting that the tumor was derived from Merkel cells. Occasionally clusters or bundles of the intermediate filaments were found in the perinuclear cytoplasm of the tumor cells. Each tumor cell was connected with des‐mosomes. Immunohistochemical staining with anti‐keratin antiserum showed positive reaction at the perinuclear cytoplasm of the tumor cells indicating that the cluster of the microfilaments presumably contains keratin. Conversely S‐100 protein was negative in the tumor cells. The results obtained strongly suggest that the tumor or Merkel cell was considered to be derived from the epidermal immature cells rather than from the neural crest. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 1433–1440. 1984.
PATHOGENESIS OF PARAQUAT‐INDUCED PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE IN HAMSTERS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ARTERIAL CONSTRICTION
Authors: Kokubo Takeshi , Takahashi Michihito , Fubukawa Fumio , Nagano Kasuke , Hayashi Yuzo
Published: December 2008

Three dimensional reconstructions of pulmonary arteries and the bronchial tree were made to evaluate the cause of hemorrhage in the lungs of hamsters treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of paraquat at a dose of 15 mg/kg b.w. The hemorrhage corresponding to the respiratory bronchiolar segment formed the minimum hemorrhagic unit; larger hemorrhages were composed of conglomerations of such units. The respiratory bronchiolar segment was fed by a single respiratory bronchiolar arteriole which had a distinct muscular medial coat. No evidence of breakage of the arterial wall passing through the hemorrhagic lesion could be detected even by careful observation with serial histological sections. Accordingly, the cause of the lung hemorrhage was sought in the combined effects of paraquat toxicity to the capillary endothelium and vasoconstriction of the respiratory bronchiolar arterioles.
DISTRIBUTION OF COLLAGEN TYPES I, III, AND V IN FIBROTIC AND NEOPLASTIC HUMAN LIVER
Authors: Yamamoto Masami , Sumiyoshi Hiromichi , Nakagami Kazuhiko , Tahara Eiichi
Published: December 2008

The distribution of collagen types I, III, and V in normal and fibrotic human livers and hepatocellular carcinoma was studied by indirect immunofluorescence procedure using type specific antibodies. Type I collagen as well as type III collagen was present in normal liver within the portal tracts and along the perisinusoidal spaces. Basement membrane collagen, type V collagen, was demonstrated only around the bile ducts and vessels of the portal tracts and central veins. In fibrotic liver, both type I and III collagens were found in increased amounts in fibrotic areas. In fibrous septa of active cirrhosis, however, type I collagen as well as type III collagen was abundant, whereas in inactive cirrhosis type I fibers were predominant. Type V collagen was observed in the walls of proliferative bile ductules and vessels in the fibrotic liver, and also along the sinusoids in the periportal areas. In hepatocellular carcinoma, each type of collagen was distributed regularly along the sinusoid‐like vascular channels within the tumor.
MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA OF THE LIVER
Authors: Katsuda Shogo , Nakanishi Isao , Kajikawa Kinichiro , Takabatake Satoru
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the liver associated with congenital cysts in a 78‐year old man was reported. The liver weighed 1,900 g, and there was a massive tumor of 11 × 10 × 6.5 cm in the left lobe with multiple sero‐mucinous cysts. Histologically, the tumor cells consisted of four types of cells: mucus‐secreting cells, squamous cells, intermediate cells, and oxyphilic cells. The variety of tumor cells quite resembled that of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary gland. The sero‐mucinous cysts were lined with a single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells and were not communicated with the biliary ducts. Part of the cysts with benign lining cells was in continuity with tumor cells of the intermediate type. Discussion was made on the histogenesis of hepatic mucoepidermoid carcinoma in particular emphasis on the association of the congenital cysts.
ENDOTOXEMIA‐INDUCED DIFFUSE MYELITIS AND EXTENSIVE PATCHY NECROSIS OF THE LIVER
Authors: Tange Tsuyoshi , Urano Yoshinori
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case with endotoxemia induced diffuse myelitis and extensive, grossly patchy necrosis of the liver occurring in a 70‐year‐old female was examined histopa‐thologically and electron microscopically. Leucopenia with prominent leukemoid reaction (myeloblasts 20%) preceded the terminal fulminant hepatitis by two weeks. Soon after the terminal event, bacteremia and endotoxemia were detected and negativity for HB antigen was proved. Diffuse myelitis was characterized by devastation of hyperplastic bone marrow structure mottled with destructed sinus architecture and scattered exudative necrosis, resulting in the loss of mature granulocytes and erythro‐poiesis. Regenerative clusters of myeloblasts and prominent increase of megakaryocytes were observed. Electron microscopically, the bone marrow contained fibrin and platelets within the exudate of the marrow stroma. Extensive, grossly patchy necrosis of the liver microscopically consisted of well demarcated coagulation necrosis of hepatic parenchyma with scattered fibrin thrombi in the sinusoids at the boundary. There were no definite thrombi but occasional fibrin accumulation in the small blood vessels of the liver. Both extensive diffuse myelitis and extensive, patchy necrosis of the liver seemed to be quite rare in incidence. The pathogenesis of these combined lesions was discussed in relation with endotoxemia.
CARDIOVASCULAR LESION OF CARCINOID SYNDROME An Autopsy Case of Bronchial Carcinoid
Authors: Tanaka Michio , Matsubara Osamu , Takemura Tamiko , Watanabe Shinji , Suzuki Kenshi , Okano Tadao , Kawaoi Akira , Kasuga Tsutomu
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 67‐year‐old Japanese male is presented. He had been suffering from carcinoid syndrome for 5 years and showed a typical picture of carcinoid heart disease. In Japan, carcinoid heart disease is rare and we can find only four reported cases (33% of reported carcinoid syndrome). The patient had high urinary secretion of 5‐HIAA and high serum serotonin, and finally he died of heart failure and bronchopneumonia. The primary site of this carcinoid tumor was of the bronchus of the right B10c, and it had large hepatic metastases. Electronmicroscopically, the tumor cells had secretory granules measuring 1500–3500 Å in diameter. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were markedly positive for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and positive for serotonin, in both the primary site and hepatic metastases. Characteristic fibrous plaques were detected in the right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, and left atrium. Electron‐microscopically, the fibrous plaques consisted of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts surrounded by basement membrane‐like material. The abundant matrix of the fibrous plaques contained acid mucopolysaccharide, microfibrils and collagen fibers. The same fibrous plaques were also found in hepatic veins. Furthermore, retroperitoneal fibrosis was present, which showed proliferation of myofibroblasts, fibroblasts and immature mesenchymal cells.
SO‐CALLED NASAL GLIOMA
Authors: Azumi Norio , Matsuno Takeo , Tateyama Miki , Inoue Kazuaki
Published: December 2008

Nasal glioma is heterotopic brain tissue which usually presents as a tumor around the nose of children and infants. We have encounterd two cases of nasal glioma during the past nine years at Hokkaido University Hospital. One showed a tumor in the subcutis of the nasal bridge and the other a polypoid mass arising in the soft palate. Both consisted of proliferation of fibrillary spindle cells consistent with fibrillary astrocytes divided by fibrovascular septa. This was reminiscent of “gliosis” of the central nervous system. Occasional protoplasmic astrocytes were present in both and, in addition, one case showed neuronal cells and choroid plexus. The glial nature of the lesion was confirmed by the presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase method. Nasal glioma is not neoplastic contrary to its name and is considered heterotopic brain tissue which was displaced during fetal development by similar pathogenetic mechanisms of sincipital and basal encephalocele, although its communication to the brain was lost.
CARDIAC DISORDERS PREDISPOSING TO DEVELOPMENT OF CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES IN THE JAPANESE
Authors: Masuda Junichi , Tanaka Kenzo
Published: December 2008

For a clear definition of the influence of cardiac disorders on the development of cerebrovascular diseases in the Japanese, we reviewed 1,162 cosecutive autopsy records aged 20 years and over in the Department of Pathology, Kyushu University, Japan. All autopsies had been done between Nov. 1971 and Oct. 1981. Cerebral infarction was found in 101 out of 196 with any type of cardiac disorder. Frequencies of cerebral infarction in those with myocardial infarction, rheumatic heart disease, non‐bacterial thromboendocarditis, and atrial fibrillation were higher than in those with no heart disease. These differences can be ascribed to the higher incidence of large and medium‐sized cerebral infarction, including many cases of cerebral embolism originating from the heart. Only 3.4% of those with small cerebral infarction were assessed to be cases of embolism. Non‐embolic cerebral infarction was more frequently noted in those with myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation than in those with no heart disease. These differences were probably linked to concomitant progression of arteriosclerosis of the cerebral and coronary arteries. In this consecutive autopsy study, cerebral embolism was found in 35 cases, 10.9% of the total number of those with cerebral infarction. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 329–337, 1985.
DISTRIBUTION OF HNK‐1+ CELLS IN MALIGNANT LYMPHOMAS
Authors: Mori Shigeo , Yamaguchi Kazuyoshi , Morita Hiroyoshi , Mohri Noboru
Published: December 2008

HNK‐1, a murine monoclonal antibody, is known to react with most of the natural killer (NK) and killer (K) cells in peripheral blood. Cells reacting with this antibody (HNK‐1+ cells) were studied on tissue sections of ninety two cases of malignant lymphomas (MLs) by using immunoperoxidase technique, in an attempt to elucidate the role of this type of cells in MLs. Follicular lymphomas were found to be highly infiltrated with HNK‐1+ cells. The mode of infiltration in follicular lymphomas is just like in normal germinal centers. Many cases of diffuse lymphomas with cleaved nuclei, indicative of diffuse B‐cell lymphomas of follicular center cell origin, as well as diffuse ML with heavy fibrosis (sclerosis) or histiocytic reaction, were also found to be infiltrated with abundant HNK‐1+ cells. Meanwhile, other types of B‐cell ML and all types of T‐cell ML, as well as Hodgkin's disease, were shown to be very poor in HNK‐1+ cell reaction. From a prognostic viewpoint, the low grade malignancy group in the NCI Working Formulation or Kiel Classification was found to be infiltrated with significantly much more HNK‐1+ cells as compared to the high grade malignancy group. The significance of these findings are discussed, with the stress on the possible suppressive function of HNK‐1+ cells on proliferation and differentiation of follicular center cell type B‐cell MLs. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 339–350, 1985.
PRIMARY GASTRIC CHORIOCARCINOMA: Report of an Autospsy Case with Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Fukuda Yasuo , Sakurai Masami , Matsuura Nariaki
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of primary gastric choriocarcinoma of a 70‐year‐old Japanese female is presented. The tumor was initially diagnosed as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach by biopsy. Autopsy revealed co‐existence of choriocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma in the stomach and a large amount of human chorionic gonadotropin in the serum. The choriocarcinoma metastasized to the liver, lung, and omentum, and the adenocarcinoma to lymph nodes. In the gastric tumor, immunohistochemical stains showed human chorionic gonadotropin in choriocarcinoma cells, alpha‐fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen in adenocarcinoma cells. The pathogenesis and pathological characteristics of primary gastric choriocarcinoma are discussed. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 655–666, 1985.
EOSINOPHILIC GASTROENTERITIS
Authors: Oyaizu Naoki , Uemura Yoshiko , Izumi Haruaki , Morii Sotokichi , Nishi Masaharu , Hioki Koshiro
Published: December 2008

A surgical case of a middle‐aged Japanese with eosinophilic gastroentertis is described. This 50‐year‐old man presented protein‐losing gastroenter‐opathy, iron‐deficiency anemia, and marked elevation of serum IgE, in whom the lesion formed a diffuse thickening of almost the entire portion of the stomach. Microscopically, there was an intense infiltration of eosinophils throughout the whole thickness of the gastric wall, interspersed with plasma cells and lymphocytes. On the affected area, an increased number of IgE‐positive plasma cells and surface IgE‐positive mast cells, some of which are degranulated, were identified. These Immunohistochemical findings provide a strong evidence for IgE mast cell‐mediated allergy concerning this disorder. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 759–766, 1985.
FINGERPRINT‐LIKE STRAIGHT CRYSTALLOID MICROFILAMENTS IN LOBULAR GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: Hamaya Kazuo , Doi Kenji
Published: December 2008

This 64‐year‐old male presented edema and proteinuria. With increasing renal insufficiency and persistent fever, he died 7 months after the onset of illness, complicated with terminal miliary tuberculosis. All the glomeruli showed sclerotic nodular lobulation and mesangial circumferential interposition with positive immunoglobulin and complement predominantly along the capillary, consistent with lobular glomerulonephritis (LGN) or terminal stage of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). Electron microscopy revealed subepithelial straight crystalloid microfilaments in the amorphous deposits. These structures possibly represent IgG or its fragment as a component of immune complex crystallized in some particular condition. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 767–773, 1985.
FROZEN SECTION DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERTENSIVE PULMONARY VASCULAR CHANGES AT SURGERY FOR CONGENITAL HEART ANOMALIES
Authors: Yamaki Shigeo , Tezuka Fumiaki , Sasano Nobuaki , Horiuchi Togo , Kagawa Yuzuru
Published: December 2008

Frozen sections of lung biopsy were prepared in 30 cases of congenital heart anomalies with pulmonary hypertension, and evaluation of severity of the pulmonary vascular changes was made during the surgery. Statistically, significant difference was not found between the diagnosis made by frozen sections and those made by paraffin sections. It is concluded that rapid and accurate diagnosis of pulmonary vascular changes can be made by means of frozen section diagnosis. This method will prove to be clinically important by assisting during operation in rapid assessment of indication for total correction of congenital heart anomalies. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 803–807, 1985.
GROSS and MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STOMACH CANCER WITH MICROANGIOPATHIC HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA AND/OR DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULOPATHY
Authors: Morimatsu Minora , Shirouzu Kazuo , Irie Koji , Tokunaga Osamu , Sasaguri Yasuyuki
Published: December 2008

We described gross and microscopic characteristics of 11 autopsied cases of stomach cancer with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and/or disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. They were divided into two groups grossly. One was superficial carcinoma and the other diffuse infiltrating and fungating carcinoma. Superficial carcinoma arose multicentrically and showed figures of signet ring cell carcinoma. This condition was accompanied by marked pulmonary tumor emboli and bone marrow dissemination in the initial stage of cancer evolution. Diffuse infiltrating and fungating carcinoma arose in the corpus and showed variable histological features. Dissemination of tumor cells to the bone marrow was seen in the terminal stage. Stomach cancer in this series consisted of two different groups on gross, microscopic and metastatic features. Signet ring cell of superficial carcinoma showed characteristic biological features with respect to local extension and metastasis. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 809–822, 1985.
SOLITARY GASTRIC POLYPS IN THE FUNDIC GLAND AREA A Histochemical Study
Authors: Hara Masafumi , Tsutsumi Yutaka , Watanabe Keiichi , Suzuki Sohtaro , Tani Norio , Miwa Takeshi
Published: December 2008

Six solitary gastric polyps in the acid‐secreting fundic mucosa were histo‐chemically investigated using the mucin histochemistry, immunoperoxidase method, and silver methods for endocrine cells. Histologically, the polyps were grouped into three types : they largely consisted of either hyperplastic foveolar cells (group 1), normal‐appearing fundic gland cells with mild cystic changes (group 2) or hyperplastic fundic gland cells with cystic dilatation (group 3). The presence of parietal cells and mucous neck cells was confirmed in all polyps by the immunoperoxidase method using parietal cell autoantibody and the paradoxical Concanavalin A staining, respectively. Regarding the endocrine component, somatostatin‐containing cells, Grimelius‐positive argyrophil cells, and Fontana‐Masson‐positive enterochromaffin cells were scattered in the fundic gland area of the polyps as well as in the surrounding normal‐appearing fundic mucosa. Gastrin‐containing cells were absent. In one of the group 2 polyps and both group 3 polyps, a varying number of glicentin‐containing cells were found among the fundic gland components : In one polyp in group 3, glucagon immunoreactivity was detected in the glicentin‐containing cells. These findings suggest that some of the polyps express characteristics of the fetal fundic mucosa, since glicentin and glucagon immunoreactivities in normal human stomach have been detected exclusively in the fetal fundus. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 831–840, 1985.
STUDIES ON THE INITIAL REACTIVE SITES FOR PLATELET ACTIVATION
Authors: HOSHIKAWA Nariyoshi , ASHIHARA Yoshihiro , SHIRASAWA Kenjiro
Published: December 2008

The binding sites for cationized ferritin or ferritin‐conjugated wheat germ agglutinin on the cell surface were studied on platelets before or after fixation in glutaraldehyde. The effects of neuraminidase on the binding sites were also demonstrated after fixation of the platelets. Changes in the binding sites and distribution pattern due to exposure to these ligands were further investigated in the unfixed platelets under a variety of conditions such as incubation time and medium. The fixed platelets incubated with either ligand showed an even and continuous distribution of particles on the cell surface. In the unfixed platelets, the ligands were rapidly moved and aggregated probably by lateral migration after binding to the cell surface. The ligands were also bound to the membrane surface and simultaneously appeared in the interior of the open canalicular system. As the binding sites were moved on the cell surface as well as into the open canalicular system, morphological changes suggestive of platelet secretion occurred. The binding sites of either ligand were redistributed on the platelet cell surface. Glycoprotein lb, thought to be the receptor site for wheat germ agglutinin on the cell surface, contains sialic acids that contribute to the negative charge of platelets. Therefore, glycoprotein lb may play an important role as the initial reactive site for thrombotic stimuli.
EXTRASKELETAL EWING'S SARCOMA
Authors: HASHIMOTO Hiroshi , TSUNEYOSHI Masazumi , DAIMARU Yutaka , ENJOJI Munetomo
Published: December 2008

This clinicopathologic study concerns 8 cases of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma, including electron‐microscopic examination of one case. In three patients, autopsy was done. The age of the patients ranged from 12 to 31 years with a median of 16 years. The tumors mainly arose in the soft tissues of the trunk (4 cases) and the lower extremity (3 cases). Histologically, they were made up of closely packed uniform, small cells, arranged in sheets separated by strands of fibrovascular stroma. The tumor cells had round to oval nuclei with finely dispersed chromatin and scanty ill‐defined cytoplasm almost invariably containing a fair amount of diastase‐digested PAS‐positive material. Ultra‐structurally, the tumor cells were composed principally of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, and contained prominent pools of glycogen in the cytoplasm. Aggregates of intermediate filaments were seen in a perinuclear location. These light‐ and electron‐microscopic findings are indistinguishable from those of Ewing's sarcoma of the bone. Differential points from other soft‐tissue small round cell sarcomas such as malignant neuroepithelioma (peripheral neuroblastoma), embryonal or alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma were briefly discussed.
CUTANEOUS MALIGNANT LYMPHOMAS
Authors: AOZASA Katsuyuki , INOUE Akifumi , YAMAMURA Teiichi , NISHIDA Kenju , SANO Shigeharu
Published: December 2008

Clinical and histological findings in 37 cases of cutaneous lymphomas other than mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome were investigated; there were 31 in adults and 6 in children. Cutaneous lesions were the first manifestations of the diseases in all cases, and they appeared mostly as tumors or nodules. Cytomorphologically, about a half of the cases showed proliferations of large cleaved, non‐cleaved cells or immunoblasts (Group I). Eight cases showed a polymorphous appearance containing convoluted cells of various size (Group II). Five cases in children demonstrated monomorphous proliferation of uniform‐sized lymphoblasts (Group III). The cytologic findings in 6 cases did not fit into any lymphoid groups (Group IV). The clinical findings observed in each group were reviewed and compared. Follow‐up study revealed that the prognosis of Group I was the poorest among the four groups.
COEXISTENCE OF STOMACH CANCER AND RENAL ADENOMA IN RENAL ALLOGRAFT
Authors: NAKAMURA Kyoji , OGASAWARA Kazumasa , NATORI Takashi , AIZAWA Miki , HIRANO Tetsuo
Published: December 2008

Autopsy findings of a 34‐year‐old Japanese male with stomach cancer in a renal allograft are presented. The renal graft was given by his 53‐year‐old mother, who had the same HLA type as the patient and showed negative response in the Mixed Leukocyte Culture Reaction test. Stomach cancer occurred 4 years and 5 months after the renal graft, and infiltrated widely into the abdominal cavity, causing rectal stricture. In his original left kidney, a small renal adenoma was found. The tumor cells of the adenoma were composed of clear cells. In the adenoma, infiltration of stomach cancer was found. The renal allograft functioned very well until his death in spite of several rejection episodes. This is the seventh reported case in Japan in which a renal allotransplant was accompanied by malignancies.
HBV‐ASSOCIATED ULTRASTRUCTURES IN THE CHIMPANZEES’LIVERS WITH EXPERIMENTAL HEPATITIS B
Authors: Karasawa Tsutomu , Shikata Toshio , Abe Kenji , Kanayama Saburo , Noro Masahiro , Oda Toshitsugu
Published: December 2008

An electron‐microscopic study was carried out using chimpanzees’livers infected with experimental hepatitis B for the elucidation of intracellular development of HBV‐associated ultrastructures and extracellular release of HBV. Core particles were first detected in the nucleus of liver cells at around the time of the first seropositiveness for HBsAg, and then in the cytoplasm. Subsequently, their budding into endoplasmic reticular cisterna was seen together with other core particles in the surrounding cytoplasm. Dane‐like particles were seen in the cisterna, and also extracellularly nearby a liver cell with a marked proliferation of microvilli at the onset of liver cell injury. Thereafter, core‐like particles were seen within electrondense amorphous material at the site of the contact between liver cell and lymphocyte. The above sequence of features suggested us the assembly of core particles and surface envelope at the cisternal membrane of endoplasmic reticulum, and a reversed pinocytosis whereby Dane or HBV particles were released extracellularly. The filamentous structures within endoplasmic reticular cisternae, which were thought to be HBsAg, were never detected. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 1333–1342, 1985.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON LIVER CELL NECROSIS AND LYMPHOCYTES IN EXPERIMENTAL HEPATITIS B
Authors: Karasawa Tsutomu , Shikata Toshio , Abe Kenji , Kondo Ryuichi , Noro Masahiro , Oda Toshitsugu
Published: December 2008

Ultrastructural studies on liver cell necrosis and the interaction of lymphocyte and liver cell were carried out in experimental hepatitis B in chimpanzees. Two types of liver cell necrosis were identified. One was a lytic necrosis, and the other was a coagulation necrosis. Both types of liver cell necrosis were closely associated with the apposition of lymphocytes. The interaction (or close contact) of lymphocyte and non‐necrotic liver cell infected with HBV was also detected. There were two distinct patterns of the contact. One was the direct contact, and the other was the contact with the intervention of electron‐dense fuzzy material containing 20 to 22 mu spherical particles and 51 to 55 mu double‐layered spherical particles. The ultrastructural characteristics of lymphocytes in each pattern of the contact were different. The results suggested that the pathogenesis of liver cell necrosis in hepatitis B was closely associated with the action of lymphocytes, and two modes of lymphocytic reaction were conceivable. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 1359 ‐1374, 1985.
MALIGNANT GERM CELL TUMOR OF THE ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM WITH LEUKEMIA‐LIKE INFILTRATION
Authors: Irie Junji , Kawai Kioko , Ueno Yasushi , Kumagai Kenji , Matsuo Kenji , Tsuchiyama Hideo
Published: December 2008

We present here a rare autopsy case of malignant germ cell tumor with leukemia‐like infiltration of the anterior mediastinum in a 35‐year‐old male. Chest X‐rays revealed an abnormal mediastinum, which was diagnosed as thymoma. During the course of treatment, huge abnormal cells 40–50 μ in size were found in the peripheral blood smear and disseminated bone metastasis of the malignant thymoma was suspected. The tumor was resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient died of respiratory failure. The autopsy disclosed a huge tumor measuring 24x13x10 cm in the anterior mediastinum. Histological findings of the tumor revealed cells which had spread to almost all organs, indicating leukemia‐like infiltration. This pattern of metastasis has been reported in the cancer of non‐hematologic origin under the term “carcinocythemia (CCA)”. To our knowledge, the present case is the first report of a leukemia‐like infiltration in case of malignant germ cell tumor. Careful serial section revealed no primary foci in either testis. ACTA PATH‐OL. JPN. 35: 1561–1570, 1985.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY ON ERYTHROPOIESIS IN HEPATOBLASTOMA
Authors: Emura Iwao , Ohnishi Yoshihisa , Yamashita Yoshiro , Iwafuchi Makoto
Published: December 2008

Eighteen cases of hepatocellular carcinoma in children were examined, and it was found that erythropoiesis exclusively appeared in the well differentiated type of hepatoblastoma. In such foci large immature erythroblasts were found among the tumor cells, whereas mature forms tended to gather in the subendothelial spaces or within sinusoids. Desmosome‐like attachments were frequently found between immature erythroblasts and tumor cells. The tumor cells were well differentiated and had a distinct polarity. The erythropoietic foci were never found in lymph nodes, spleens and in the non‐neoplastic hepatic tissues obtained by surgery or autopsy. Erythroblastic cells did not show an increase in number in the bone marrows. These findings indicate that hepatoblastoma cells in certain stages of differentiation have the capacity to induce the differentiation of pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells into the cells of erythrocytic series, or that the microenvironment composed of one or more tumor cells offer good soil for the differentiation of erythroblastic cells. There seems to be no intimate relationship between the production of α ‐ fetoprotein by tumor cells and the appearance of erythropoiesis.
XANTHOGRANULOMA OF THE RECTUM
Authors: Morimatsu Minoru , Shirozu Kazuo , Nakashima Terayuki , Fujimi Tadashi , Isomoto Hirohara
Published: December 2008

A 46‐year‐old man with a suspected malignant submucosal tumor received a transabdominoperineal rectal amputation. The histologic diagnosis was xanthogranuloma. The differentiation of xanthogranuloma from malignant fibrous histiocytoma and other histiocytic tumors is difficult in the preoperative stage. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma can be diagnosed histologically by the presence of pleomorphism, mitotic activity, hyperchromatism, and a storiform pattern of cell arrangement. Moreover, some xanthogranulomas are also thought to have malignant potentiality and surgical resection is regarded as the preferred treatment. As for prognosis, the patient has lived for three years after the operation but further follow‐up is thought to be necessary.
HEPATIC MICROCIRCULATION OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS STUDIED BY CORROSION CAST/SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION
Authors: HIROOKA Noboru , IWASAKI Isao , HORIE Hiroshi , IDE Genshiro
Published: December 2008

Changes of hepatic microcirculations in 22 autopsy cases of liver cirrhosis were analyzed by corrosion cast/scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination. By this method, the site of arterioportal (A‐P) communication in liver cirrhosis was clearly demonstrated between proliferated portal venules and arterial capillaries. The communications were observed at the same site as in the normal liver and were not at larger arterial and portal vein branches. The findings indicate that the increase of A‐P communication in liver cirrhosis may be called “capillary shunting”. On the basis of the findings, it was postulated that the A‐P shunt could not assist in the development of portal hypertension by the transmission of high arterial pressure to the portal vein but could only compensate for decreased portal flow and/or elevate the oxygen concentration in the sinusoids to improve the hypoxic state of the liver parenchyma. It was also demonstrated that the arterial capillarization of the interstitial septa in micronodular wide septal cirrhosis was more prominent than that in macronodular thin septal cirrhosis. A grade of portal vein reduction and compensatory arterialization in a fibrous septum have been regarded as an index to estimate the advancement of liver cirrhosis. Therefere, if alcoholic micronodular cirrhosis could change into macronodular, the process should have occurred at least before the establishment of micronodular wide septal cirrhosis.