bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Predictive Immune and Metabolic Biomarkers of Tumor Microenvironment Regarding Pathological and Clinical Response in Esophageal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang H. H. , Steffens E. N. , Kats-Ugurlu G. , van Etten B. , Burgerhof J. G. M. , Hospers G. A. P. , Plukker J. T. M.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in therapy response and modulation of immunologic surveillance. Adjuvant immunotherapy has recently been introduced in post-surgery treatment of locally advanced esophageal cancer (EC) with residual pathological disease after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) remains a valuable imaging tool to assess therapy response and to visualize metabolic TME; however, there is still a paucity in understanding the interaction between the TME and nCRT response. This systematic review investigated the potential of TME biomarkers and 18F-FDG-PET/CT features to predict pathological and clinical response (CR) after nCRT in EC.

Methods

A literature search of the Medline and Embase electronic databases identified 4190 studies. Studies regarding immune and metabolic TME biomarkers and 18F-FDG-PET/CT features were included for predicting pathological response (PR) and/or CR after nCRT. Separate analyses were performed for 18F-FDG-PET/CT markers and these TME biomarkers.

Results

The final analysis included 21 studies—10 about immune and metabolic markers alone and 11 with additional 18F-FDG-PET/CT features. High CD8 infiltration before and after nCRT, and CD3 and CD4 infiltration after nCRT, generally correlated with better PR. A high expression of tumoral or stromal programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) after nCRT was generally associated with poor PR. Moreover, total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) of the primary tumor were potentially predictive for clinical and PR.

Conclusion

CD8, CD4, CD3, and PD-L1 are promising immune markers in predicting PR, whereas TLG and MTV are potential 18F-FDG-PET/CT features to predict clinical and PR after nCRT in EC.
H Πρωτοβυζαντινή μαγειρική κεραμική της Θάσου και η θέση της στη λεκάνη της Μεσογείου
Authors: Μπία Έλλη-Ευαγγελία
Published: October 2023

Η παρούσα διδακτορική εργασία διαρθρώνεται σε τέσσερα κεφάλαια. Το πρώτο κεφάλαιο περιλαμβάνει την ιστορική και τοπογραφική εξέταση της αρχαίας πόλης της Θάσου ή αλλιώς του σύγχρονου Λιμένα. Τα κτήρια της πρωτοβυζαντινής περιόδου χρησιμοποιούν ως έχουν τα αρχαιότερα, όχι μόνο χρησιμοποιώντας οικοδομικά κατάλοιπα των τελευταίων αλλά και ακολουθώντας, ενίοτε, τον ίδιο προσανατολισμό με αυτά. Επίσης, η έμφαση που δόθηκε από τις παλαιότερες ανασκαφές στα κατάλοιπα της κλασικής και ρωμαϊκής αρχαιότητας καθιστά αδύνατη την κατανόηση του αστικού ιστού και στους πρωτοβυζαντινούς χρόνους, χωρίς τον προσδιορισμό του χώρου μέσα από αρχαιότερα σημεία αναφοράς. Παραδείγματος χάριν, αναφέρεται ότι η θέση της έπαυλης DOM5 από την οποία προέρχεται το υλικό της παρούσας διατριβής βρίσκεται ανάμεσα στο Αρτεμίσιο και το Διονύσιο και όχι στα βορειοανατολικά της Βασιλικής του Ακακίου. Κατέστη λοιπόν αναγκαία η σύντομη αναφορά και κυρίως η τοποθέτηση στο χώρο των σημείων αυτών. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μία λεπτομερής περιγραφή της έπαυλης DOM5 από την οποία προέρχεται το εξεταζόμενο υλικό. Έπειτα, αναφέρονται τα κύρια περικείμενα εντοπισμού της πρωτοβυζαντινής μαγειρικής κεραμικής και πραγματοποιείται μία συνεξέταση με τα συνευρήματά της. Δηλαδή στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο επιχειρείται μία προσέγγιση του μαγειρικού υλικού με βάση το αρχαιολογικό του περιβάλλον. Το τρίτο κεφάλαιο αποτελεί μία εισαγωγή στα μαγειρικά σκεύη της αρχαιότητας. Σκοπός του κεφαλαίου είναι η κατανόηση των τεχνικών χαρακτηριστικών που απαιτούσε η κατασκευή των αγγείων αυτής της κατηγορίας. Επίσης, λόγω της βραδύτητας των τυπολογικών και τεχνολογικών μεταβολών που χαρακτηρίζουν αυτή την κατηγορία, είναι δυνατόν να προσπεράσουμε τα στενά χρονολογικά όρια των επιμέρους περιόδων και να καταλήξουμε σε ευρύτερα συμπεράσματα για την κατασκευή των μαγειρικών αγγείων. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο εξετάζονται τα μαγειρικά σκεύη από την έπαυλη DOM5, τα οποία έχουν ταξινομηθεί με βάση την τυπολογία. Ωστόσο στη διάκριση των τύπων συνυπολογίζονται η σύσταση της κεραμικής ύλης καθώς και η τεχνική κατασκευής
Η συμβολή των Ελλήνων ποντιακής καταγωγής στην κοινωνική ζωή της Ελλάδας, με έμφαση στην παιδεία και τον πολιτισμό (20ός, 21ος αιώνας)
Authors: Τελλίδου Χρυσή
Published: October 2023

Η ένταξη και η παρουσία των Ελλήνων ποντιακής καταγωγής στον ελλαδικό χώρο παρουσιάζουν ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον, καθώς η ταυτότητά τους γίνεται έντονα αισθητή μέσω της πολυμορφικής επιρροής τους σε αυτόν κατά τον 20ό και 21ο αιώνα. Στην παρούσα διατριβή επιχειρείται μία διεξοδική μελέτη της συμβολής τους στην κοινωνική ζωή της χώρας, μέσω της σκιαγράφησης ποντιακών συλλόγων και έξοχων προσωπικοτήτων με καταγωγή από τον Πόντο. Η μελέτη στηρίζεται στην πλούσια υπάρχουσα βιβλιογραφία, η οποία πραγματεύεται την ποντιακή ταυτότητα και την εξέλιξή της. Συγκεκριμένα, με βάση το βιβλιογραφικό αυτό φόντο ερευνάται για τους τελευταίους δύο αιώνες με ποια μορφή και σε ποιον βαθμό επιδρά ο ποντιακός πληθυσμός στους τομείς της παιδείας και του πολιτισμού. Για τον σκοπό αυτό αναλύονται, ως προς το περιεχόμενό τους, συνεντεύξεις που πραγματοποιήθηκαν με ανθρώπους – κλειδιά για τον εντοπισμό αρχείων που αφορούν προσωπικότητες Ελλήνων του Πόντου, με εννιά προσωπικότητες ποντιακής καταγωγής με σπουδαίες κοινωνικές συνεισφορές και με 24 εκπροσώπους ποντιακών συλλόγων του 20ού και 21ου αιώνα. Επίσης, μελετώνται αρχεία και καταστατικά ίδρυσης των συλλόγων αυτών και γίνεται καταγραφή και εξαγωγή στατιστικών δεδομένων από το Διαδίκτυο για τους 450 συλλόγους που είναι επίσημα εγγεγραμμένα μέλη των δύο πανελλήνιων ποντιακών ομοσπονδιών (Π.Ο.Π.Σ. και Π.Ο.Ε.). Διαπιστώνεται ότι ο ποντιακός ελληνισμός συνέβαλλε και συνεχίζει να συμβάλλει, προσφέροντας μείζονα ευεργετήματα είτε υπό τη μορφή υποδομών και μνημείων, όπως σχολεία, μουσεία, προσκυνήματα, βιβλιοθήκες, ή μέσω της προόδου και ανάδειξης Ποντίων επιστημόνων, εκδοτών, συγγραφέων, καθηγητών, μουσικών, θρησκευτικών μορφών και πάσης φύσεως συνεχιστών της διαλέκτου, των παραδόσεων και της ιστορίας του Πόντου. Η ποντιακή εθνοτοπική ταυτότητα παραμένει ισχυρή και εκδηλώνεται σε κάθε έκφανση του πολιτισμού στον ελλαδικό χώρο αλλά και σε διεθνές επίπεδο.
Statistical analysis of microflares as observed by the 4–8 GHz spectropolarimeter
Authors: Zhdanov Dmitriy , Altyntsev Alexander , Meshalkina Nataliya , Anfinogentov Sergey
Published: September 2023

Radio observations of weak events are one of the promising methods for studying energy release and non-thermal processes in the solar corona. The development of instrumental capabilities allows for radio observations of weak transient coronal events, such as quasi-stationary brightenings and weak flares of X-ray class B and below, which were previously inaccessible for analysis. We have measured the spectral parameters of microwave radiation for thirty weak solar flares with X-ray classes ranging from A to C1.5, using observations from the Badary Broadband Microwave Spectropolarimeter (BBMS). The spectra indicate that plasma heating is caused by the appearance of non-thermal electron fluxes, which can be detected by bursts of microwave radiation, predominantly with an amplitude ~5–6 solar flux units (SFU) at 4–5 GHz frequencies. One solar flux unit (SFU) of radio emission is equal to 10–22 W/(m•Hz). The range of low-frequency spectrum growth indices fα varies widely from α=0.3 to 15. The distribution of high-frequency decay indices is similar to the distributions of regular flares. One of the explanations for the appearance of large fα values is the Razin effect, which can influence the shape of the gyrosynchrotron spectrum during the generation of bursts in dense plasma under relatively weak magnetic fields. We have detected two events in which the appearance of non-thermal electrons led to the generation of narrowband bursts at frequencies near the double plasma frequency. SRH test trials have shown the potential for measuring the structure of flare sources with fluxes of the order of 1 SFU, indicating the high diagnostic potential of the radioheliograph for detecting acceleration processes in weak flare events and their localization in active regions.
Relation between the area of polar coronal holes and the solar wind speed at a minimum between solar cycles 22 and 23
Authors: Borisenko Aleksey , Bogachev Sergey
Published: September 2023

We have used data from the space telescope SOHO/EIT and the spectrometer VEIS on the Wind spacecraft to compare the solar wind (SW) speed near Earth's orbit with changes in the area of polar coronal holes (CHs) on the Sun during the 1996 solar activity minimum. We have found that in March 1996 the SW speed correlated with the southern CH area by a factor of 0.64. In September and October 1996, a correlation was revealed between the SW speed and the area of the northern CH (the coefficients are 0.64 and 0.85 respectively). We believe that this confirms the assumption that the solar wind from polar CHs can penetrate into the ecliptic plane at solar minimum. The SW speed was 460–500 km/s, which is lower than that from equatorial CHs (600–700 km/s).
Meditation and psychosis. The comparison of the current knowledge in the light of scientific evidence and the experience of an Eastern meditation teacher
Authors: Baron Marcel , Przybylska Agata , Piegza Magdalena
Published: September 2023

Celem badania było porównanie aktualnej wiedzy na temat związku pomiędzy stosowaniem technik medytacyjnych a występowaniem psychozy z doświadczeniem wschodniego nauczyciela medytacji Osho Rajneesha. Przeszukując bazę danych PubMED przy użyciu słów kluczowych „mediation AND psychosis” uzyskano 72 artykuły, z których tylko 17 w pełni odpowiadało założeniom pracy. Obejmowały one opisy przypadków pacjentów, a także metaanalizy i prace poglądowe związane zarówno z pozytywnym jak i negatywnym wpływem praktyk medytacyjnych na zdrowie psychiczne. Dodatkowo wykorzystano informacje zawarte w 3 książkach. Etiologia wyindukowanych medytacją epizodów psychozy nie jest jednoznaczna wobec częstej obecności licznych czynników współistniejących takich jak poszczenie, deprywacja snu, czy dodatni wywiad psychiatryczny a także ograniczenia metodologii. W przeanalizowanych badaniach donoszono wyłącznie o pacjentach, którzy nie medytowali w klinicznych warunkach. Analiza tych przypadków wskazuje, że ryzyko wystąpienia epizodu psychotycznego wiązało się z nadmiernie długim czasem jej praktykowania i brakiem odpowiedniego nadzoru. Porównanie aktualnej wiedzy naukowej z doświadczeniem wschodniego nauczyciela medytacji pozwoliło na zwrócenie uwagi na rzadko opisywane w literaturze czynniki ryzyka rozwoju psychozy, do których można zaliczyć „specyficzne cechy” nastawienia praktykującego. Jednym z podstawowych jego elementów jest niewłaściwe rozumienie medytacji jako zadania do wykonania, zamiast otwartej, pasywnej i akceptującej postawy obserwowania świata zewnętrznego i wewnętrznego.
Systemic sclerosis – review of current data and latest reports
Authors: Kasperski Radosław , Łoś Tomasz , Sobstyl Anna , Dudziński Dominik , Piekarska-Kasperska Małgorzata
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Systemic scleroderma (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, vasculopathy and dysregulation of the immune system. It has the highest mortality rate among rheumatologic diseases. SSc causes high economic and social costs.

Aim of the study: The purpose of this review is to present the current state of knowledge and recent reports on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestation and treatment of SSc.

Materials and methods: A search was conducted using PubMed and GoogleScholar databases. Articles were searched in English using the following keywords: "systemic sclerosis", "scleroderma", "treatment", "symptoms", "pathophysiology".

Conclusions: Although the prognosis of SSc remains poor, optimized patient diagnosis along with ongoing advances in therapy could significantly impact the effectiveness of disease management in the near future. It is anticipated that there will be a growing need for further development of combination therapies to better treat this complex disease.
Intentional obesity reduction and the occurrence of gastric cancer – literature review
Authors: Gryta Jakub , Bielak Alicja , Iwan Karolina , Janczewska Martyna , Kania Konrad , Kalicka Maria , Krysa Tomasz , Kolasa Agata , Radziejowska Zuzanna , Szklarz Magdalena
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of most common cancers worldwide. Reducing exposure to risk factors, along with screening and early detection, are crucial for prevention. Many studies have linked obesity to GC. Weight loss can be achieved through proper diet and exercise. For patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher, or 35 or higher with serious obesity-related comorbidities, bariatric surgery can be a means of weight reduction. This raises the question of whether intentional weight loss can lower the risk of GC in the population.
Purpose of the study: The aim of this study is to collect and summarize existing evidence on connection of bariatric surgery and lower GC risk and mortality in patients with obesity.
Material and method: Literature review was performed, in English databases, using keywords : cancer, gastric cancer, bariatric surgery, prevention, obesity, survival in gastric cancer.
Results and conclusion:  It is widely recognized that obesity increases the risk of GC, and bariatric surgery is an effective method for weight reduction. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for sustained weight loss and remission of obesity-related conditions. A systematic review conducted on this topic revealed that bariatric surgery is linked to a reduced risk of GC in patients with obesity. Compared to no surgery, bariatric surgery was found to be associated with significantly lower rates of obesity-associated cancer and cancer-related mortality. Weight loss after bariatric surgery provides significant health benefits.
Physical activity of patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Marczyk Klaudia , Berner Aleksandra , Stencel Katarzyna , Pękała Maciej , Olszewska Anna , Stelmaszak Karina , Polak Paulina , Polaszek Monika , Bogowska Marta , Matyja Karolina
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The main causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are diabetic and hypertensive nephropathy. The incidence of civilization diseases is increasing, which also indirectly affects the increase in the incidence of CKD. The patient's therapy after the diagnosis should include the care of a multi-specialist therapeutic team that will remove as many restrictions as possible in everyday functioning and ensure a high quality of life. In addition to the selection of individual renal replacement therapy, i.a. physical rehabilitation. Despite the fact that in the course of chronic kidney disease physical activity is impaired by numerous pathophysiological processes, the patient should be encouraged to undertake physical activity in order to reduce the risk of death due to cardiovascular diseases, as well as to eliminate many other adverse health effects of the disease. The following paper aims to analyze the impact of physical activity on CKD patients and the pathophysiological causes of low physical activity in this group of patients and the possibility of implementing rehabilitation as an element of comprehensive therapy.

Aim of the study: To review the current literature on the physical activity of patients with chronic kidney disease

Materials and Methods: A review of the publications available in PubMed, using the key words „chronic kidney disease”, „psychical activity in chronic kidney disease”, physical activity”, „kidney failure”, „dialysis”, „renal rehabilitation”, „quality of life”
Melanoma - risk factors and prevention strategies
Authors: Magiera Barbara , Rybak Jakub , Magiera Karol
Published: October 2023

Introductions and purpose: Melanoma is a malignant skin cancer, characterized by a very high rate of increase in the number of cases. The aim of this study is to analyze the key modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with the development of melanoma and to discuss existing prevention strategies. 
Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted using the "PubMed" database with the keywords "melanoma", "melanoma risk factors", "melanoma primary prevention" and  “melanoma secondary prevention”.
State of knowledge: Melanoma risk factors can be divided into two groups: modifiable and non-modifiable. The main modifiable factor is UV radiation. Non-modifiable risk factors include: genetic factors, phenotypic characteristics, age, gender, and the presence of melanocytic nevi. UV radiation is responsible for the incidence of 60-70% of melanomas. Reducing exposure to risk factors is crucial in primary prevention, while self-examination and medical examination are important in secondary prevention.
Summary: Despite the very high rate of increase in the number of cases, morbidity and mortality associated with melanoma can be effectively reduced by adhering to the principles of primary and secondary prevention. Patient education is crucial to reduce exposure to modifiable factors and increase vigilance against new skin lesions.
We Fly Congress: Market Actions as Corporate Political Activity in the U.S. Airline Industry
Authors: Pang Min-Seok , Funk Russell J. , Hirschman Daniel
Published: October 2023

The literature on corporate political activity (CPA) generally views nonmarket actions aimed at influencing political actors (e.g., lobbying or campaign contributions) as related but separate activities from market actions. This study demonstrates how firms’ core market actions (e.g., market entry or geographic expansion) can function as CPA. We theorize two mechanisms through which firms leverage market actions as CPA: “pork” (i.e., ones that primarily benefit a politician’s constituents) and “perk” (i.e., ones that directly benefit the politician). We document these mechanisms through an empirical analysis of data from the U.S. airline industry in 1990–2019. Specifically, we find that airlines increase the supply of flights from the airports in the home district of the chair of the Transportation Committee in the U.S. House of Representatives (pork). We also find that the airlines increase the supply of nonstop flights to Washington, DC. from the Chair’s district (perk). We use counterfactual estimation methods and exogenous turnovers in committee leadership to provide causal evidence. Moreover, the observed increase in flight supplies is negatively associated with formal policy changes in Congress, and with text mining techniques, we find that this effect is stronger for bills related to aviation safety and security. We contribute to the literature on CPA by demonstrating a blurred boundary between market and nonmarket actions, which helps explain firms’ competitive actions that cannot be explained by market considerations alone.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.17026 .
a etnografia e o campo dos novos estudos sociais das infâncias
Authors: Simões Patrícia maria uchôa , Barbosa Douglas vasconcelos , Ferreira Milene morais
Published: October 2023

O campo interdisciplinar dos novos estudos sociais das infâncias parte de uma ruptura epistemológica com as abordagens clássicas das ciências que adotam visões biologizantes, essencialistas e universais da criança e encontra na etnografia uma possibilidade de conceituação de criança enquanto sujeito ativo e de infância enquanto categoria social geracional. O reconhecimento desses conceitos de criança e de infância pela etnografia na pesquisa com crianças implica voltar-se para a criança como o outro, o diferente, o estrangeiro. A proposta de ruptura teórico-conceitual na investigação das infâncias exige a implementação de metodologias que focalizem as experiências, os pontos de vista e as vozes das crianças, compreendendo-as enquanto processo, em outras palavras, constante construção. Portanto, para essa perspectiva, a criança não é o objeto do estudo, mas é sujeito que interage com o pesquisador na construção dos sentidos e significados da pesquisa. O texto está organizado em três partes que abordam os aspectos epistemológicos, teórico-conceituais e metodológicos do debate proposto. Ao final, procura-se uma articulação entre os diferentes aspectos da discussão, propondo uma reflexão sobre a ética e a alteridade, reconhecendo que a diferença atravessa as relações humanas e, portanto, é o diferente, o incomum, o incompreensível, o oposto, o desigual, o inalcançável que marca e define a pesquisa com criança.
palabras y tiempos de la infancia como formas de experiencia política
Authors: Suarez vaca Maria teresa , Pérez burgos Diego fernando
Published: October 2023

Este artículo se construye en el marco del proyecto de investigación Democracia, igualdad y desacuerdo: conceptos teóricos-metodológicos de Jacques Rancière para pensar la educación en el mundo contemporáneo. El objetivo del proyecto fue la exploración de conceptos como democracia, igualdad y desacuerdo para pensar los sujetos y las realidades educativas desde las lógicas políticas contemporáneas. Como desdoblamiento de la investigación, este artículo explora algunas premisas de Jacques Rancière que permiten pensar las potencialidades políticas de la infancia a partir del reconocimiento de la palabra y del tiempo infantil como formas de experiencia comunitaria. La perspectiva metodológica asume una escritura que elimina las distancias entre los discursos de los filósofos y las voces de las niñas y los niños para afirmar la potencia que tienen sus palabras al momento de pensar un problema filosófico. En este ejercicio de escritura y lectura no jerárquicas se puede apreciar que las palabras de la infancia no son el reflejo, la expresión ni el símbolo de una realidad teórica más elevada, sino que funcionan como condición de posibilidad para que el pensamiento no se detenga. Precisamente, no se busca escribir sobre la infancia, sino con la infancia. No se intenta hallar la verdad de la infancia, sino aprovechar la potencia de sus voces para acorralar al sentido común. De tal forma, se establece la relación entre conflicto político, estatuto de la palabra, infancia e igualdad, lo cual indica la capacidad de la infancia para renovar el sentido de los conceptos sobre los que se fundamenta la sociedad. Por último, se expone que la infancia es una forma de subjetividad que experimenta la temporalidad a partir de la afirmación de intensidades signadas por la curiosidad y la creatividad. Por esto, se constituye como una forma de experiencia política que es capaz de inventar temporalidades múltiples que subvierten el orden de la dominación.
“Se imprima para com facilidade se aprender”: circulação, conhecimento e normatização da língua Kiriri nos sertões da América Portuguesa na segunda metade da centúria seiscentistas
Authors: Silva Mecenas Ane Luise
Published: October 2023

No presente trabalho, analisamos dois instrumentos linguísticos elaborados na segunda metade do século XVII que visaram normatizar a língua Kiriri, o Catecismo da Doutrina Christãa e a Arte de Grammatica da Lingua, escritas pelo padre Mamiani e utilizadas nas aldeias de Mirandela, Saco dos Morcegos, Natuba e Geru. Por meio desses impressos temos como objetivo de apresentar e de discutir as estratégias de conversão empregadas pelos missionários que atuaram junto aos Kiriri, bem como o processo de tradução cultural que o Catecismo e a Gramática evidenciam. Além disso, evidenciar o diálogo do autor com outras obras que são referenciadas nos seus escritos na tentativa de compreender a circulação de conhecimento nos sertões da América portuguesa.
Food-induced brain activity in adult obesity: a quantitative electroencephalographic study
Authors: Abdurrohim Kemas , Soewondo Pradana , Witjaksono Fiastuti , Mihardja Hasan , Indriatmi Wresti , Wibowo Heri , Handayani Selfi , Ibrahim Nurhadi
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND Obesity may be associated with declined food consumption control through neurological and behavioral processes, as well as heightened responsiveness of the brain’s reward systems. Performing neuroimaging and neurophysiological methods such as electroencephalography (EEG) can examine the connection between brain function and behavior. This study aimed to identify brain regulation of feeding behavior to food cues, which could be a potential neuromodulatory intervention target in adult obesity.

METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, involving 40 adults with obesity. EEG analysis was performed to measure electrophysiological brain activity during eyes-open condition and during exposure to high-calorie food cues. Student’s t-tests were performed to identify any significant differences between the groups (p<0.05).

RESULTS Beta waves in the frontal (channel F7) and gamma waves in the central (channels C3 and C4) and parietal (channels P3 and P4) regions were significantly increased during food cues compared to resting state/eyes-open condition without stimulation. Theta waves in the frontal (channels F7 and F8), central (channel C3), and parietal (channels P3 and P4) regions and alpha waves in the central (channels C3 and C4) and parietal (channels P3 and P4) regions were significantly decreased during food cues compared with resting state.

CONCLUSIONS In adults with obesity, increased beta activity in the frontal and gamma in the central and parietal regions suggested increased food-cue awareness and heightened attentional focus toward food stimuli. Additionally, decreased alpha and theta activities in frontal regions could underline deficits in executive functions and higher motivation.
"A Dreadful Wolf Loose in the Fold of Christ": St. Peter's Parish, Manhattan, 1806
Authors: O'Donnell Catherine
Published: September 2023

Abstract: This essay reconstructs two accusations that roiled one of the early American nation's most prominent parishes, St. Peter's of Manhattan, in 1806. Both accusations involved violations of clerical celibacy. This small-scale study reveals the significant extent to which clergy, lay leaders, and prelate understood violations of clerical celibacy to threaten the reputation of Catholicism at a moment when Catholics were staking a claim to full participation in polity and culture. It demonstrates that despite concern over priestly misconduct, accusations were discussed only obliquely and addressed awkwardly and hesitantly. The array of perspectives evident in the archival record also offers a case study of the personal and institutional costs of alleged and real violations of celibacy: we see, albeit imperfectly, the thoughts and actions of clergy, of the bishop, and of a young woman who—in my evaluation of the evidence—was abusively treated.
Meer sollst du sein, und Wald werden. Über eine neue Ästhetik der Einswerdung
Authors: Zorn Johanna
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Mit dem Begriff der Atmosphäre wird gemeinhin eine dyadische Wechselwirkung des Umgebenseins beschrieben, die durch Stimmung erzeugt wird. In dieser ökologischen Dimension widersetzt sich das ästhetische Konzept der Atmosphäre nicht nur seiner ontologischen Bestimmung, sondern steht paradigmatisch für ein egalitäres Denken in Relationen und Verstrickungen, wie es neumaterialistische und posthumanistische Ansätze entwerfen. Für das zeitgenössische Theater nun scheint eine Ästhetik des‚Attunements' vor allem deshalb attraktiv zu sein, da sie intensives Erleben gegen ein klares Erkennen ausspielt. Ausgehend von Pınar Karabuluts Inszenierung La Mer Sombre (Münchner Kammerspiele, 2022) entwickelt der Beitrag eine kritische Perspektive auf die inklusive Atmosphäre eines umfassenden Erfahrens, die die Theoriefigur des ‚Entanglements' in Ästhetik übersetzt. An SIGNAs Die Ruhe (Schauspielhaus Hamburg, 2021/22) invertiert das Versprechen auf ein vollständiges ästhetisches Eintauchen schließlich in eine regelrechte Pathologie der Atmosphäre, mit der die quasi-mystische Praxis des Einswerdens als exzessive Mimesis thematisch wird.
Design of a Broadband Polarization Controller Based on Silicon Nitride-Loaded Thin-Film Lithium Niobate
Authors: Ctyroky Jiri , Petracek Jiri , Richter Ivan , Kuzmiak Vladimir
Published: September 2023

A novel design of a polarization controller based on “etch-less” Si₃N₄-loaded thin film LiNbO₃ is described. Broadband operation in the spectral range between 1.45 and 1.65 µm is achieved by using a mode evolution TM/TE splitter/converter, two mode evolution 3 dB couplers, and two electro-optic phase shifters. Numerical simulations show that a single TE-mode output can be adjusted by applying control voltages lower than 10 V for an arbitrary input polarization state.
Optical remote imaging via Fourier ptychography
Authors: Tian Zhiming , Zhao Ming , Yang Dong , Wang Sen , Pan An
Published: October 2023

Combining the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with the optical phase recovery, Fourier ptychography (FP) can be a promising technique for high-resolution optical remote imaging. However, there are still two issues that need to be addressed. First, the multi-angle coherent model of FP would be destroyed by the diffuse object; whether it can improve the resolution or just suppress the speckle is unclear. Second, the imaging distance is in meter scale and the diameter of field of view (FOV) is around centimeter scale, which greatly limits the application. In this paper, the reasons for the limitation of distance and FOV are analyzed, which mainly lie in the illumination scheme. We report a spherical wave illumination scheme and its algorithm to obtain larger FOV and longer distance. A noise suppression algorithm is reported to improve the reconstruction quality. The theoretical interpretation of our system under random phase is given. It is confirmed that FP can improve the resolution to the theoretical limit of the virtual synthetic aperture rather than simply suppressing the speckle. A 10 m standoff distance experiment with a six-fold synthetic aperture up to 31 mm over an object of size ∼1  m×0.7  m is demonstrated.
Biomedical publishing: Past historic, present continuous, future conditional
Authors: Sever Richard
Published: October 2023

Academic journals have been publishing the results of biomedical research for more than 350 years. Reviewing their history reveals that the ways in which journals vet submissions have changed over time, culminating in the relatively recent appearance of the current peer-review process. Journal brand and Impact Factor have meanwhile become quality proxies that are widely used to filter articles and evaluate scientists in a hypercompetitive prestige economy. The Web created the potential for a more decoupled publishing system in which articles are initially disseminated by preprint servers and then undergo evaluation elsewhere. To build this future, we must first understand the roles journals currently play and consider what types of content screening and review are necessary and for which papers. A new, open ecosystem involving preprint servers, journals, independent content-vetting initiatives, and curation services could provide more multidimensional signals for papers and avoid the current conflation of trust, quality, and impact. Academia should strive to avoid the alternative scenario, however, in which stratified publisher silos lock in submissions and simply perpetuate this conflation.
m-Follow up for zinc adherence by caretakers of children with acute watery diarrhoea: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Karim Fatimah Zahra , Kisenge Rodrick , Manji Karim
Published: October 2023

The standard of care for children with acute watery diarrhea (AWD) with no dehydration comprises oral rehydration solution, zinc, and feeding advice. Adherence to zinc therapy may be an issue in the management of acute watery diarrhoea. Mobile phones are used by over 90% of the population in Tanzania, thus good means to improve adherence to prescribed medication and/or attendance to follow-up visits. The objective of this study was to see whether m-follow-up improves adherence rate to zinc therapy, possible reasons for non-adherence, in children with diarrhea.: A randomized controlled trial was carried out in a suburban municipality in Dar-es-Salaam. Block randomization of participants was carried out with a block size of 4 and a 1:1 ratio of intervention: control. The intervention group comprised participants who were to be followed up using text messages and voice calls; the control group was to be followed up in outpatient. The outcome of interest was adherence to the full course of 10 days’ oral zinc, reasons for nonadherence and acceptability. Chi-square was used to compare the categorical variables. δ, the targeted difference in adherence between arms, was pre-set at 20%. The total number of participants were 196, of which 98 participants were enrolled in each arm. Full adherence to the 10-day course of zinc sulphate in children with AWD and no dehydration was 84.1% in the control arm and 89.7% in the m-follow up group (P = 0.33). m-follow up significantly improved physical attendance at 14-day clinic visit compared to control group (39.8% vs. 60.2%; P = 0.006). Commonest reasons for non-adherence in both groups were related to vomiting (67%). Vomiting at enrolment due to gastroenteritis was significantly associated with vomiting zinc sulphate with RR 2.17 (95% CI 1.24–3.79, P = 0.007). The acceptability of m-follow-up was high (99%). In conclusion the idea of m-follow-up was well received by participants who considered it acceptable. In this study, the adherence to Zinc dosing was not significantly different between the intervention and control group, and we consider that for zinc in AWD, counselling alone was good enough to achieve high adherence. The trial was registered with the Pan-African Clinical Trial Registry. Trial number: PACTR201711002737120
Gender, skin color, and household composition explain inequities in household food insecurity in Brazil
Authors: Santos Lissandra Amorim , Pérez-Escamilla Rafael , Cherol Camilla Christine de Souza , Ferreira Aline Alves , Salles-Costa Rosana
Published: October 2023

It is well known that female-headed households (FHHs) are more likely to experience food insecurity (FI) than male-headed households (MHHs), however there is a dearth of evidence on how gender intersects with other social determinants of FI. Thus, this paper investigated changes in the prevalence of household FI in Brazil from 2004 to 2018 by the intersection of gender, race/skin color and marital status of the household reference person. Data from three cross-sectional nationally representative surveys that assessed the status of FI using the Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale were analyzed (N2004 = 107,731; N2013 = 115,108, N2018 = 57,204). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between profiles of gender, race/skin color, marital status of the head of the household with household FI stratified by the presence of children <5 years of age. Over time, FHHs had a higher prevalence of mild and moderate/severe FI than did households headed by men. Food security prevalence increased from 2004 to 2013 and decreased between 2013 and 2018 for households headed by men and women. In 2018, households headed by black/brown single mothers with children < 5 years of age were at the highest FI risk. The probability of reporting moderate/severe FI in these households were 4.17 times higher (95% CI [2.96–5.90]) than for households headed by married white men. The presence of children in the household was associated with a higher probability of moderate/severe FI, especially for households headed by black/brown individuals regardless of the reference person’s gender. The results suggest that gender inequities combined with darker skin color and the presence of children at home potentiate the risk of moderate/severe FI. Policy makers need to consider the principles of intersectionality when investing in codesigning, implementing, evaluating, and scaling up evidence-based programs to reduce FI.
Cervical cell’s nucleus segmentation through an improved UNet architecture
Authors: Rasheed Assad , Shirazi Syed Hamad , Umar Arif Iqbal , Shahzad Muhammad , Yousaf Waqas , Khan Zakir
Published: October 2023

Precise segmentation of the nucleus is vital for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) in cervical cytology. Automated delineation of the cervical nucleus has notorious challenges due to clumped cells, color variation, noise, and fuzzy boundaries. Due to its standout performance in medical image analysis, deep learning has gained attention from other techniques. We have proposed a deep learning model, namely C-UNet (Cervical-UNet), to segment cervical nuclei from overlapped, fuzzy, and blurred cervical cell smear images. Cross-scale features integration based on a bi-directional feature pyramid network (BiFPN) and wide context unit are used in the encoder of classic UNet architecture to learn spatial and local features. The decoder of the improved network has two inter-connected decoders that mutually optimize and integrate these features to produce segmentation masks. Each component of the proposed C-UNet is extensively evaluated to judge its effectiveness on a complex cervical cell dataset. Different data augmentation techniques were employed to enhance the proposed model’s training. Experimental results have shown that the proposed model outperformed extant models, i.e., CGAN (Conditional Generative Adversarial Network), DeepLabv3, Mask-RCNN (Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network), and FCN (Fully Connected Network), on the employed dataset used in this study and ISBI-2014 (International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging 2014), ISBI-2015 datasets. The C-UNet achieved an object-level accuracy of 93%, pixel-level accuracy of 92.56%, object-level recall of 95.32%, pixel-level recall of 92.27%, Dice coefficient of 93.12%, and F1-score of 94.96% on complex cervical images dataset.
Safety outcomes when switching between biosimilars and reference biologics: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Herndon Thomas M. , Ausin Cristina , Brahme Nina N. , Schrieber Sarah J. , Luo Michelle , Andrada Frances C. , Kim Carol , Sun Wanjie , Zhou Lingjie , Grosser Stella , Yim Sarah , Ricci M. Stacey
Published: October 2023

Biosimilars are increasingly available for the treatment of many serious disorders, however some concerns persist about switching a patient to a biosimilar whose condition is stable while on the reference biologic. Randomized controlled studies and extension studies with a switch treatment period (STP) to or from a biosimilar and its reference biologic were identified from publicly available information maintained by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These findings were augmented with data from peer reviewed publications containing information not captured in FDA reviews. Forty-four STPs were identified from 31 unique studies for 21 different biosimilars. Data were extracted and synthesized following PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the overall risk difference across studies. A total of 5,252 patients who were switched to or from a biosimilar and its reference biologic were identified. Safety data including deaths, serious adverse events, and treatment discontinuation showed an overall risk difference (95% CI) of -0.00 (-0.00, 0.00), 0.00 (-0.01, 0.01), -0.00 (-0.01, 0.00) across STPs, respectively. Immunogenicity data showed similar incidence of anti-drug antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in patients within a STP who were switched to or from a biosimilar to its reference biologic and patients who were not switched. Immune related adverse events such as anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity reactions, and injections site reactions were similar in switched and non-switched patients. This first systematic review using statistical methods to address the risk of switching patients between reference biologics and biosimilars finds no difference in the safety profiles or immunogenicity rates in patients who were switched and those who remained on a reference biologic or a biosimilar.
AMPK inhibitor, compound C, inhibits coronavirus replication in vitro
Authors: Jang Minsu , Park Rackhyun , Yamamoto Ayane , Park Yea-In , Park Yeonjeong , Lee Siyun , Park Junsoo
Published: October 2023

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in more than six million deaths by October 2022. Vaccines and antivirals for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are now available; however, more effective antiviral drugs are required for effective treatment. Here, we report that a potent AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor, compound C/dorsomorphin, inhibits the replication of the human coronavirus OC43 strain (HCoV-OC43). We examined HCoV-OC43 replication in control and AMPK-knockout (KO) cells and found that the virus replication decreased in AMPK-KO cells. Next, we examined the effect of the AMPK inhibitor, compound C on coronavirus replication. Compound C treatment efficiently inhibited the replication and decreased the coronavirus-induced cytotoxicity, further inhibiting autophagy. In addition, treatment with compound C in combination with chloroquine synergistically inhibited coronavirus replication. These results suggest that compound C can be considered as a potential drug candidate for COVID-19.
PENGARUH KOLOID NANOPERAK TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN EMBRIO IKAN WADER PARI (Rasbora lateristriata, Bleeker, 1854)
Authors: Arrusyda Muthia , Retnoaji Bambang
Published: October 2023

Industrialisasi produk dengan bahan nanoperak semakin meningkat. Salah satu metode sintesis nanoperak (AgNPs) yang ramah lingkungan adalah radiosintesis menggunakan sinar gamma. Tantangan lingkungan terkait industrialisasi AgNPs tidak hanya terkait sintesis dan produksi tetapi juga terkait penggunaan produk. Peningkatan penggunaan nanoperak juga berarti peningkatan limbah pemakaian produk dengan nanoperak yang terpapar ke ekosistem perairan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh koloid nanoperak terstabilisasi alginat terhadap daya tetas telur dan struktur tulang ikan wader pari (Rasbora lateristriata, Bleeker, 1854). Koloid AgNPs disintesis menggunakan sinar gamma pada dosis 5 KGy, 10 KGy, 15 KGy, dan 20 KGy kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan UV-Vis. Telur ikan didedahkan dengan koloid AgNPs selama 24 jam. Embrio diamati pada umur 2 hari menggunakan mikroskop leica. Pewarnaan tulang dilakukan dengan pewarna Alizarin Red dan Alcian Blue pada ikan berusia 5 pekan. Terdapat penurunan daya tetas embrio ikan wader pari pada perlakuan AgNPs yang disitesis pada 5 KGy. Morfologi jantung pada larva megalami edema. Osifikasi pada bagian kranial ikan dengan perlakuan terlihat mengalami keterlambatan jika dibandingkan dengan normal. Terdapat penurunan laju jantung pada ikan perlakuan. Pendedahan AgNPs pada fase embrio ikan wader dapat memengaruhi sistem sirkulasi, struktur tulang dan daya tetas embrio ikan wader pari.
CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SM4 BACTERIAL ISOLATE FROM Stylissa massa SPONSE AS PRODUCING ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Authors: Pardosi Lukas
Published: October 2023

East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) is one of the archipelagic provinces in Indonesia with a sea area of 200,000 km² and contains potential marine resources including the Stylissa massa sponge. Bacteria have been known to associate with sponges and have the ability to produce antimicrobial compounds. This study aims to characterize, identify the 16S rRNA gene, and test the bioactive compounds of SM4 bacterial isolates from the Stylissa massa sponge. The bacterial isolates of SM4 were previously rejuvenated on NA medium, then characterized by macroscopic morphology, and biochemistry by citrate test and TSIA test. The culture was extracted using petroleum ether solvent and the antibacterial activity was tested against E. coli and S. aureus by the well method. The isolates were then identified based on the 16S rRNA gene by PCR method. The results showed that, SM4 isolates had small colony size, yellow color, round colony shape, flat elevation, flat margins, while biochemically they had positive results with Citrate and TSIA tests. The antagonist test of the SM4 bacterial isolate was found to have the ability to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and  E. coli, while the antibacterial activity test of the bioactive compound bacterial isolate SM4 was known to have the ability to inhibit the growth of S .aureus with an inhibition zone of 1.99 mm and E. colli 1.56 mm. The results of the molecular identification of the bacterial isolate SM4 had 99% similarity with the Bacillus cereus strain Nr_074540.1
PENGARUH Mangan (Mn) TERHADAP OKSIDASI KROMIUM TRIVALEN DAN PERTUMBUHAN Tagetes sp.
Authors: Prameswati Margareta , Kasmiyati Sri , Sucahyo Sucahyo
Published: October 2023

Chromium can be found in 2 oxidation states, trivalent chromium (Cr3+) and hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) in environment. Trivalent chromium can be oxidized by manganese oxide to hexavalent chromium (Cr6+). The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Mn on the oxidation of Cr³⁺and plant growth of Tagetes. The study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design. The Tagetes plants grown in media with 2 treatment factors, namely Cr3+ (CrCl3) with 3 concentrations of 0, 100 and 500 mg/l) and Mn (MnSO4) with 4 concentrations of 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg/l. The plant growth and Cr6+ content in roots and shoots were measured to determine the effect and to detect the occurrence of Cr3+ oxidation. The addition of Mn in the media of Tagetes containing Cr3+ increased the Cr3+ oxidation process, indicated by the detection of Cr6+ in the roots and shoots of Tagetes. The highest Cr6+ content was found in the roots and shoots of Tagetes sp. treated with Cr3+ 500 mg/l and Mn 10 mg/l at 0.059 and 0.035 g/l, respectively. The interaction of Cr3+ and Mn treatments significantly affected the growth of Tagetes plants. Cr3+ and Mn at high concentrations increased plant height, root length, root and shoot dry weight. The interaction of Cr3+ and Mn at high concentrations inhibited the increase in the number of leaves of Tagetes.
Keragaman Bakteri Pendegradasi Polietilena di Hutan Mangrove Ambon
Authors: Estiningtyas Rizki
Published: October 2023

Peningkatan sampah plastik di lingkungan merupakan ancaman bagi permukaan bumi apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik. Jenis plastik yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat yaitu polietilena. Pengelolaan polietilena dapat dilakukan dengan biodegradasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keragaman bakteri pendegradasi polietilena dari hutan mangrove Ambon. Isolasi bakteri pendegradasi polietilena dilakukan menggunakan media pengayaan dengan penambahan bubuk plastik linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) sebagai sumber karbon. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan sebanyak 26 isolat bakteri pendegradasi polietilena berhasil diisolasi dari tanah mangrove. Berdasarkan analisis 16s rRNA, semua isolat termasuk dalam filum Proteobacteria dengan subfilum gamma proteobacteria dan berasal dari 5 genus, yaitu Microbulbifer, Zobellella, Pseudoalteromonas, Vibrio, dan Pseudomonas. Terdapat 13 spesies teridentifikasi dari ke-26 isolat tersebut, yaitu Microbulbifer pacificus, Microbulbifer okinawensis, Microbulbifer arenaceous, Microbulbifer elongatus, Microbulbifer hydrolyticus, Microbulbifer salipaludis, Zobellella aerophila, Pseudoalteromonas profundi, Vibrio tritonius, Vibrio alginolyticus, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Pseudomonas marincola, dan Pseudomonas benzenivorans.