bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computable aspects of the Bachmann–Howard principle
Authors: Freund Anton
Published: August 2019

We have previously established that [Formula: see text]-comprehension is equivalent to the statement that every dilator has a well-founded Bachmann–Howard fixed point, over [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we show that the base theory can be lowered to [Formula: see text]. We also show that the minimal Bachmann–Howard fixed point of a dilator [Formula: see text] can be represented by a notation system [Formula: see text], which is computable relative to [Formula: see text]. The statement that [Formula: see text] is well founded for any dilator [Formula: see text] will still be equivalent to [Formula: see text]-comprehension. Thus, the latter is split into the computable transformation [Formula: see text] and a statement about the preservation of well-foundedness, over a system of computable mathematics.
Quantum de Rham complex on 𝔸h1|2
Authors: Celik Salih
Published: August 2019

Introducing [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-deformations of [Formula: see text]-graded ([Formula: see text])- and ([Formula: see text])-spaces, denoted by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], a two-parameter differential calculus, the quantum de Rham complex, on [Formula: see text] are explicitly constructed. It is shown that in contrast to the standard [Formula: see text]-deformation of [Formula: see text], the above complex is unique for [Formula: see text]. The quantum de Rham complex of [Formula: see text] is discussed via a contraction using standard one.
A priori estimates in Sobolev spaces for a class of hyperbolic operators in presence of transition
Authors: Barbagallo Annamaria , Esposito Vincenzo
Published: August 2019

We establish several a priori estimates of local or global nature in Sobolev spaces with general exponent [Formula: see text] for a class of second-order hyperbolic operators with double characteristics in presence of a transition in a domain of the Euclidian space [Formula: see text].
Probabilistic Epistemic Updates on Algebras
Authors: Conradie Willem , Frittella Sabine , Palmigiano Alessandra , Tzimoulis Apostolos , Wijnberg Nachoem
Published: August 2019

The present article contributes to the development of the mathematical theory of epistemic updates using the tools of duality theory. Here, we focus on Probabilistic Dynamic Epistemic Logic (PDEL). We dually characterize the product update construction of PDEL-models as a certain construction transforming the complex algebras associated with the given model into the complex algebra associated with the updated model. Thanks to this construction, an interpretation of the language of PDEL can be defined on algebraic models based on Heyting algebras. This justifies our proposal for the axiomatization of the intuitionistic counterpart of PDEL.
Coupled DEM‐SPH Method for Interaction between Dilated Polyhedral Particles and Fluid
Authors: Ji Shunying , Chen Xiaodong , Liu Lu
Published: August 2019

The discrete element method (DEM) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) can be adopted to simulate the granular materials and fluid media respectively. The DEM‐SPH coupling algorithm can be developed for the dynamic interaction between the two media. When the particle material is simulated by polyhedral element, a fluid‐solid coupling interface would lead to the complex geometry between the granular particle and the fluid. The boundary particle method is traditionally used for the fluid‐solid interface but with low computational efficiency. In this paper, the dilated polyhedral element is constructed based on Minkowski sum theory, while the contact force between the elements is calculated by Hertzian contact model. Accordingly the dilated polyhedra based DEM is established. The weakly compressible SPH is adopted to simulate the fluid medium, while the interaction on the geometrically complex fluid‐solid interface is evaluated with the repulsive force model which can be determined by the contact detection between SPH particles and solid particles in geometry. This method avoids the storage and calculation of a large number of boundary particles, which can be potentially applied for the complex fluid‐solid boundary. In order to improve the computational efficiency, a GPU‐based parallel algorithm is employed to achieve high performance computation of SPH. The acceleration of the parallel algorithm is evaluated by the cases of dam break. The numerical simulation of the impact of dam break on cubes is implemented. The simulation results are verified with the corresponding experimental and simulation results. Therefore, the rationality and accuracy of the DEM‐SPH coupling method for numerical simulation of the interaction between granular materials and fluid media are illustrated. This method is then adopted for the impact of falling rocks on underwater pipeline. The force of water and rocks on the pipeline is analyzed. This method can be further applied for real engineering problems.
Factors Influencing Disability and Quality of Life during Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study on IBD Patients
Authors: Marinelli Carla , Savarino Edoardo , Inferrera Marco , Lorenzon Greta , Rigo Alessandra , Ghisa Matteo , Facchin Sonia , D’Incà Renata , Zingone Fabiana
Published: August 2019

Background/Aim. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder affecting patients’ quality of life and increasing their disability. The aim of our study was to evaluate clinical and pharmacological factors associated with impaired quality of life and disability in a large cohort of IBD patients during IBD treatment. Methods. We consecutively and prospectively recruited all IBD patients referred to the IBD Unit of the “Azienda Ospedaliera” of Padua. Demographics and clinical information were collected, and all patients completed the IBD questionnaire (IBDQ) and the IBD-Disability Index (IBD-DI) questionnaire. A multivariate regression model and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were applied for detecting IBD-related variables relevant to disability and quality of life. Results. We included 435 IBD patients. Multivariate regression modelling identified active disease, anaemia, presence of extraintestinal manifestations, and Crohn subtype as independent predictors for both disability and poor quality of life. We observed a strong positive correlation between IBD-DI and IBDQ (r=0.84, p<0.001), while there was no association with ongoing therapy or other clinical features disease-related. Conclusions. Our study showed that disability and quality of life are both associated with active disease, anaemia, presence of extraintestinal manifestations, and Crohn phenotype while ongoing therapy seems not to be associated with disability and QoL during disease management.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Pressure Field of Curved Shell Structure Subjected to Interior Blast
Authors: Ma Jialu , Fan Feng , Zhang Lingxin , Wu Chengqing , Zhi Xudong
Published: August 2019

A terrorist attack on a long‐span spatial structure would cause horrible results. Therefore, it is important to determine the characteristics of blast pressure fields to protect such structures. In this study, fully confined blast loading tests were conducted using a rigid curved shell model, which had an inner space similar to that of a reticulated dome. Four different scenarios were carried out to record the blast loading on five typical positions. The blast pressure‐time data were compared and analyzed. In addition, a suitable numerical simulation method was proposed for the issues involved in interior blast loading. This numerical model was verified by comparing with the test data. A parametrical analysis of the interior blast simulations was conducted based on this numerical method. The blast loading values at specific positions were obtained with the key parameters varied within a reasonable scope. The blast loading from blast tests and simulations were presented. On this basis, the interior blast loading could conveniently be predicted by using the method and data in this paper, which could be used in the protective design of other reticulated domes.
Nur auf Einladung? Wie die Rekrutierungsstrategie beeinflusst, wer online behandelt wird
Authors: Zagorscak Pavle , Bohn Johannes , Heinrich Manuel , Kampisiou Christina , Knaevelsrud Christine
Published: August 2019

Hintergrund: In Wirksamkeitsstudien zu internetbasierten Interventionen (IBI) werden Teilnehmende entweder durch Selbstselektion oder gezielte Ansprache rekrutiert. Vergleiche zwischen unterschiedlichen Rekrutierungsstrategien ermöglichen zu ermitteln, wie der Zugang zur Intervention die Stichprobenzusammensetzung beeinflusst. Gleichzeitig kann überprüft werden, unter welchen Bedingungen das Versprechen der IBI, ein wirksames Behandlungsangebot für eigentlich unterversorgte Populationen zu sein, eher eingehalten wird. Methode: Soziodemografische und klinische Eigenschaften unterschiedlich rekrutierter Teilnehmender an einer IBI für leicht- bis mittelgradige Depression wurden miteinander verglichen: (1) Personen, die extern nach Krankschreibung aufgrund einer affektiven Störung von ihrer Krankenkasse über die Teilnahmemöglichkeit informiert wurden (n = 308); (2) Personen, die selbstselektiert (z.B. durch Printmedien) auf eine Teilnahmemöglichkeit aufmerksam wurden (n = 699). Ergebnisse: Verglichen mit der selbstselektierten Gruppe wies die extern selektierte Gruppe vor Interventionsbeginn einen größeren Männeranteil auf, war älter, hatte ein geringeres Bildungsniveau, verbrachte weniger Zeit im Internet und hatte eine weniger positive Einstellung gegenüber IBI. Kein Unterschied bestand hinsichtlich initialer Symptomschwere, psychotherapeutischer Vorerfahrungen und Symptomreduktion während der Intervention. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass eigentlich unterversorgte Personen (z.B. weniger Bildung, höheres Alter, männlich, weniger internetaffin) in größerer Zahl in IBI rekrutiert werden können, wenn eine gezielte, externe Information über das Behandlungsangebot erfolgt. Die Rekrutierungsart beeinflusst dabei nicht die erzielbare Symptomreduktion.
ДИНАМІКА ІНФЕКЦІЙНИХ ХВОРОБ НА ТЛІ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ПЕРЕТВОРЕНЬ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Markovych I. H.
Published: August 2019

Мета роботи – дослідити вплив на динаміку інфекційної захворюваності населення України деяких епідемічних ризиків в умовах соціально-економічних перетворень.

Для встановлення динаміки інфекційного процесу в Україні проведено ретроспективний епідеміологічний аналіз, який базувався на вивченні багаторічної захворюваності населення за статистичними даними галузевої звітності МОЗ України та Держсанепіднагляду. Для виявлення сили й характеру взаємозв’язку між динамікою показників первинної інфекційної захворюваності населення (поширеності хвороб) та деяких чинників середовища життєдіяльності людини застосовано кореляційний аналіз і побудовано кореляційно-регресійні моделі.

В Україні впродовж 1994-2015 рр. загальна чисельність населення зменшилась на 17,6 %, що супроводжувалося змінами в динаміці інфекційної захворюваності (в бік її зниження), про що свідчить пряма взаємозалежність між динамікою показників, які характеризують ці явища (0,65≤r≤0,73). Соціально-економічні перетворення в Україні призвели до зменшення обсягів утворених відходів від економічної діяльності підприємств, зокрема в 2,2 разу викидів забруднюючих речовин в атмосферне повітря. При цьому показники інфекційної захворюваності найсильніше корелювали із загальним обсягом зважених часток в атмосферному повітрі від стаціонарних джерел (r≥0,91), викидами оксидів азоту (r≥0,75), оксиду вуглецю (r≥0,82), викидами речовин у вигляді суспендованих твердих частинок більше 2,5 мкм та менше 10 мкм (r=0,96), а отже зменшення концентрації цих речовин у повітрі позитивно позначається на стані здоров’я населення. Оберненопропорційні кореляційні зв’язки виявлені між показниками соціально-економічного розвитку країни (регіонів) та показниками поширеності інфекційних хвороб (вперше виявленої інфекційної захворюваності) опосередковано вказують на те, що збільшення капітальних інвестицій за видами економічної діяльності (-0,48≤r≤-0,59); зростання сумарного доходу регіонів та наявного доходу на одну особу (-0,67≤r≤-0,80); збільшення доходів населення, зокрема заробітної плати (-0,75≤r≤-0,83), а також поточних інвестицій на охорону навколишнього природного середовища (r=-0,8) сприяють зниженню інфекційної захворюваності.

Висновки. Отримані результати свідчать про те, що умови проживання населення в різних областях України суттєво відрізняються за соціально-економічними, екологічними, демографічними та іншими показниками, при цьому інфекційні хвороби є тим індикатором, який чутливо реагує на їх зміну. Виявлені взаємозв’язки між умовами проживання населення та інфекційною захворюваністю свідчать про те, що динаміка та керованість епідемічного процесу інфекційних хвороб залежить від багатьох чинників, а отримані результати є підґрунтям для розробки та ухвалення адекватних управлінських рішень щодо забезпечення епідемічного благополуччя на рівні держави та регіонів.
ПРОБЛЕМА ПАНДЕМІЧНОГО ГРИПУ А/H1N1
Authors: Andreychyn M. A. , Nychyk N. A. , Zavidniuk N. A. , Iosyk Ia. I.
Published: August 2019

Мета роботи – навести основні дані літератури про етіологію, епідеміологічні особливості, клінічні прояви та лабораторну діагностику каліфорнійського грипу А/H1N1, подати основні рекомендації ВООЗ і CDC стосовно його профілактики та лікування.

Узагальнено дані про етіологію, специфічні антигени, механізми походження пандемічних штамів, реасортантів, можливості появи нових штамів, котрі матимуть здатність спричиняти пандемії. Показано, що генна структура нового вірусу А/H1N1 є складною та має в собі гени вірусу свинячого грипу, що вражає свиней Америки, Європи й Азії; гени вірусу пташиного грипу і гени вірусу людського грипу. По суті, гени нового вірусу походять з чотирьох різних джерел. Описано історію появи даного вірусу, подано дані звіту ВООЗ про пандемію 2009-2010 рр. Висвітлено епідеміологічні особливості поширення цього вірусу як серед людей, так і серед тварин, зокрема свиней. Проаналізовано сучасні уявлення про властивості вірусних антигенів – гемаглютиніну і нейрамінідази та процеси цитокінової бурі при грипі. Наведено клінічні особливості пандемічного грипу А/H1N1: хвороба розпочинається раптово, з ознобу, температура тіла різко підвищується до 38-40 °С, з’являються біль у голові, горлі та м’язах, закладення носа, нежить, приєднується кашель. Можлива поява симптомів ураження шлунково-кишкового тракту: біль у животі, нудота, блювання, діарея. Частіше захворювання перебігає легко; за відсутності ускладнень хворі видужують протягом 7-9 днів. Показано, що при тяжкому перебігу захворювання можливе виникнення пневмонії зі стрімким розвитком дихальної недостатності та респіраторного дистрес-синдрому дорослих (РДСД). Незважаючи на проведення штучної вентиляції легень, у найближчі 1-2 тижні хворі можуть померти. Наведено критерії діагностики, перераховано й описано низку лабораторних методів підтвердження діагнозу.

Особливу увагу приділено лікуванню. Описано три групи протигрипозних препаратів, що володіють доведеною клінічною ефективністю: блокатори М2-каналів (амантадин, ремантадин), інгібітори вірусної нейрамінідази (занамівір, озелтамівір) і синтетичні нуклеозиди (рибавірин). Найчастіше використовуються озельтамівір (таміфлю) і занамівір (реленза). Згадується новітній препарат – ксофлюза (xofluza, балоксавір марбоксил), схвалений поки що лише в США та Японії. Наведено профілактичні заходи стосовно населення і медичного персоналу. Окремо розглянуто досягнення і проблеми вакцинопрофілактики.
СТРУКТУРА ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ОСВІТНЬОГО ВЕБ-СЕРЕДОВИЩА ТА ВЕБ-САЙТУ КЛІНІЧНОЇ КАФЕДРИ ВИЩОГО МЕДИЧНОГО НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ЗАКЛАДУ
Authors: Lopina N. A. , Zhuravlyova L. V.
Published: August 2019

У статті обґрунтовано та проаналізовано структуру інформаційно-освітнього веб-середовища клінічної кафедри вищого медичного навчального закладу, яка включає  сайт клінічної кафедри (самостійний або як піддомен сайту навчального закладу), піддомени сайту кафедри (установи) з системою управління навчанням (Moodle) та електронною базою клінічних випадків (тренувальний та екзаменаційний режими), кімнату для проведення вебінарів (програмне забезпечення, встановлене на виділеному сервері установи, чи оренда сервера), канал кафедри на YouTube, відкриту групу на Facebook (студенти, вітчизняне та міжнародне співробітництво) та закриті групи на Facebook (групи по цільових аудиторіях – курсанти курсів підвищення кваліфікації в рамках післядипломної медичної освіти, група підвищення кваліфікації медичних педагогів кафедри тощо). Використання клінічними кафедрами вищих медичних навчальних закладів сучасних інформаційно-освітніх веб-технологій, інформаційно-освітнього веб-середовища в навчальному процесі на додаток до традиційних форм дозволить підвищити якість освіти і надає ряд переваг для безперервного професійного розвитку і підвищення кваліфікації фахівців, що, як наслідок, буде сприяти підвищенню якості надання медичної допомоги населенню.
ОЦІНКА СТУПЕНЯ ЕМОЦІЙНОГО ВИГОРАННЯ У ЛІКАРІВ ТА ЛІКАРІВ-ІНТЕРНІВ НА ЕТАПІ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Danylchuk G. O. , Venher Y. I. , Lahoda D. O.
Published: August 2019

На сьогодні відомо, що синдром емоційного вигорання, пов’язаний із професійною діяльністю медика, характеризується емоційним виснаженням та призводить до зниження результативності роботи. Дослідження проводилося на кафед­рі сімейної медицини та загальної практики Одеського національного медичного університету. У дослідженні взяли участь 80 лікарів, що мали різний стаж роботи. Всім лікарям було проведено анонімне опитування за анкетою, що була розроблена на кафедрі. Лікарі не мали відмінностей у показниках, окрім показника професійної успішності (ПУ), у лікарів зі стажем роботи були достовірно вищі показники порівняно з групою, у яку увійшли лікарі-інтерни (р˂0,01). Поряд із цим було встановлено, що 22 % лікарів мають субклінічний прояв тривоги та 12 % мають тривожний розлад. Лікарі чоловічої статі є більш витривалими щодо стресових ситуацій на роботі та емоційного вигорання, це підтверджується достовірно нижчими показниками тривоги, депресії, емоційного виснаження, ніж у лікарів жіночої статі (р˂0,001). Аналогічні дані ми маємо щодо лікарів-інтернів хлопців, що мають нижчий рівень тривоги та деперсоналізації (р˂0,001). У практичну та теоретичну роботу лікарів необхідно вводити тренінги, що мали б на меті покращити психологічний стан лікарів та допомагали здолати або зменшити емоційне вигорання.
РОЛЬ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОГО НАВЧАННЯ В ПРОФІЛАКТИЦІ СИНДРОМУ ЕМОЦІЙНОГО ВИГОРАННЯ У ЛІКАРІВ ПЕРВИННОЇ ЛАНКИ
Authors: Lazarchuk T. B. , Samogalska O. Y. , Meretska I. B.
Published: August 2019

Анонімне анкетування 223 слухачів передатестаційних циклів (ПАЦ) у 2018 р. виявило високу частоту формування СЕВ у лікарів ПМД із найвищим показником серед лікарів медицини невідкладних станів (МНС). У рейтинговій структурі стресорів для лікарів МНС на першому місці була низька зарплатня – (5,42±1,2) бала; у сімейних лікарів і терапевтів – надлишок бюрократичних завдань – (6,78±2,2) та (6,22±3,2) бала відповідно. Перевагу у подоланні СЕВ 67,6 % лікарів ПМД надають обговоренню проблеми в сімейному або дружньому колі; фізичні навантаження, як засіб подолання стресу, обирали 41,9 %. Опитування за методикою В. Бойка виявило формування фази резистенції у 87,2 % респондентів із домінуючим симптомом «розширення сфери «економії» емоцій» – (30,2±10,4) бала. Відповіді на блок запитань, щодо мотиваційних факторів навчання на ПАЦ, а також його ролі у подоланні СЕВ, продемонстрували схильність більшості слухачів вважати зростання професійного рівня профілактичним чинником подолання СЕВ у сучасних умовах. Отже, післядипломну освіту можна розглядати як чинник підвищення ефективності комплексу превентивних заходів для подолання СЕВ у лікарів ПМД.
Uso e Ocupação da Terra no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra: uma Análise a Partir da Regularização Fundiária
Authors: Cepolini Ferreira Gustavo Henrique , Pereira da Silva Lucas Augusto
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar um histórico do Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra (PNSC), consonante com as disputas territoriais e o atual uso e ocupação da terra nessa área, principalmente em função da regularização fundiária dessa Unidade de Conservação desde 2010. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se em análise bibliográfica/documental, nas Geotecnologias (Sensoriamento Remoto e Geoprocessamento) e em trabalhos de campo, para a compreensão da cobertura e do uso da terra no PNSC (área regularizada e não regularizadas). Quanto aos resultados, essa pesquisa mostrou como é contraditório o atual cenário da regularização fundiária do PNSC; na linha espaço-temporal, constatam-se diferentes disputas territoriais em consequência da “contradição fundiária” histórica, que reflete diretamente na vida dos camponeses territorializados nessa área, em tese, não regularizada do Parque; e, em um segundo momento da pesquisa, é possível inferir que os camponeses que estão, sobretudo, na parte Sul do Parque, mantêm o uso da terra ancorado em um modelo de vida singular, respaldo por um manejo que permite os níveis de conservação dos recursos naturais atuais em condições similares ao Parque de 71 mil hectares. Todavia, dentre as contradições detectadas entre o ICMBio e as estratégias jurídicas para consolidação territorial dessa UC, constata-se uma nítida aliança entre conservação-mineração-agronegócio visando expropriar os camponeses para legitimar um Parque, cujas origens históricas já revelam a violência da conservação ambiental sem as pessoas.
Dinâmica Espacial e Sazonal da Temperatura, Umidade e Estresse Hídrico em Diferentes Tipos de Cobertura Vegetal
Authors: Souza José Carlos De , Lopes Elfany Reis Do Nascimento , Sousa Jocy Ana Paixão de , Padovanni Naia Godoy , Lourenço Roberto Wagner
Published: August 2019

O estudo avaliou o padrão espacial e sazonal da temperatura de superfície, umidade do solo e estresse hídrico em diferentes coberturas do solo, utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento e sensoriamento remoto. A proposta foi aplicada na bacia hidrográfica do rio Una, no estado de São Paulo. Foram utilizadas imagens do satélite Landsat 8, datadas de janeiro (período úmido) e agosto (período seco) de 2015. Aferiu-se a umidade do solo em trinta e cinco pontos amostrais e os resultados foram interpolados pelo método do Inverso do Quadrado da Distância. O Índice de ressecamento da vegetação por temperatura (TVDI)  foi gerado a partir da temperatura de superfície e do Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI). Os solos das culturas temporárias registraram as menores perdas em umidade para o período e as áreas de reflorestamento e campo alagado as maiores. O TVDI apresentou influência da sazonalidade climática, com menor estresse hídrico para as áreas de matas. Este índice mostrou-se apropriado para avaliar o déficit hídrico em diferentes coberturas do solo, com potencial para monitorar as perdas de umidade e secas severas da superfície terrestre, tanto sob efeito da sazonalidade climática quanto por ações antrópicas de transformação da paisagem.
Sistema de Informação Geográfica para o Turista Deficiente: Análise de Publicações e Tecnologias
Authors: Rosa Marcos Roque da , Pereira Eliane Nascimento , Bezerra Renata Camacho
Published: August 2019

O turismo acessível permite que as pessoas com deficiência atuem de forma independente e com dignidade em ambientes turísticos. Um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) permite a orientação do turista, fornecendo mapas digitais navegáveis, possibilitando a pesquisa e busca de informações de locais turísticos, bem como o conhecimento prévio da acessibilidade destes locais. A partir deste contexto, o artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma análise de artigos científicos relacionados ao SIG para o turista deficiente e um levantamento de aplicativos existentes que ofereçam tal serviço. A pesquisa traz duas contribuições para este cenário: a primeira contribuição é a análise de como está sendo tratado o tema em relação à publicação de artigos científicos descrevendo as características dos trabalhos; a segunda contribuição é o levantamento de aplicativos existentes que podem auxiliar as pessoas com deficiência no turismo.
The Dynamic Effects of Forward Guidance Shocks
Authors: Bundick Brent , Smith A. Lee
Published: August 2019

We examine the macroeconomic effects of forward guidance shocks at the zero lower bound. Empirically, we identify forward guidance shocks using unexpected changes in futures contracts around monetary policy announcements. We then embed these policy shocks in a vector autoregression to trace out their macroeconomic implications. Forward guidance shocks that lower expected future policy rates lead to moderate increases in economic activity and inflation. After examining forward guidance shocks in the data, we show that a standard model of nominal price rigidity can reproduce our empirical findings. To estimate our theoretical model, we generate a model-implied futures curve that closely links our model with the data. Our results suggest no disconnect between the empirical effects of forward guidance shocks around policy announcements and the predictions from a standard theoretical model.
Quantile Treatment Effects in the Presence of Covariates
Authors: Powell David
Published: August 2019

This paper proposes a method to estimate unconditional quantile treatment effects (QTEs) given one or more treatment variables, which may be discrete or continuous, even when it is necessary to condition on covariates. The estimator, generalized quantile regression (GQR), is developed in an instrumental variable framework for generality to permit estimation of unconditional QTEs for endogenous policy variables, but it is also applicable in the conditionally exogenous case. The framework includes simultaneous equations models with nonadditive disturbances, which are functions of both unobserved and observed factors. Quantile regression and instrumental variable quantile regression are special cases of GQR and available in this framework.
The fossil record of Ceratophrys Wied-Neuwied (Anura: Ceratophryidae): a revision and update of fossil South American horned frogs
Authors: NICOLI LAURA
Published: August 2019

Ceratophrys is the most diverse and widely distributed genus of Ceratophryidae, the clade of South American horned frogs. Numerous anuran fossil remains, including several fossil species, have been assigned to this genus. However, this seemingly extensive fossil record is problematic because several of the fossils are not properly identified and most of the taxonomic assignations are not justified. The present study traces all the fossil material attributed to Ceratophrys, clarifying, when possible, institutional allocations. Each of the remains was examined and its taxonomic assignation revisited, based on the morphology and possible synapomorphies of the genus, including its living species. Numerous fossils were properly identified and assigned with certainty to Ceratophrys. Only one fossil species, Ceratophrys ameghinorum, is considered valid. This information, along with recently reported evidence of fossil Ceratophrys, is briefly summarized to serve as a practical reference for the entire known fossil record of the genus. The fossil record is not especially informative about the evolution or distribution pattern of Ceratophrys, because most of the remains are relatively young (post-Miocene), collected within the present distribution of the genus, and morphologically consistent with that of the extant species. However, some useful information has emerged. The presence of Ceratophrys is well documented since the Neogene in the Pampean Region of South America. The single valid fossil species, Ceratophrys ameghinorum, possesses a unique combination of characters that reflects a mixture of characters observed in different clades of the genus; thus, resolution of its phylogentic position will inform our understanding of the evolution of the genus. The paleoenvironmental significance of some Ceratophrys fossils is also discussed, addressing the wide, but incompletely known current distribution and environmental tolerance of the genus.
Governance in Areas of Limited Statehood: The NGOization of Palestine
Authors: Arda Lama , Banerjee Subhabrata Bobby
Published: August 2019

In this article, we examine the shifting roles played by non-state actors in governing areas of limited statehood. In particular, we focus on the emergence of voluntary grassroots organizations in Palestine and describe how regimes of international development aid transformed these organizations into professional nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that created new forms of colonial control. Based on in-depth interviews with 145 NGO members and key stakeholders and a historical analysis of limited statehood in Palestine, we found that social relations became disembedded from the local context and re-embedded in new relations with international donor organizations resulting in a depoliticized public sphere. NGOization of the economy also resulted in new forms of exclusion and inclusion as well as contestations between a new class of urban middle-class professionals working in NGOs and the older generation of activists who were involved in grassroots organizations. Our findings have implications for business and human rights and governance in areas of limited statehood, in particular how private actors such as NGOs are able to exercise power in the economy.
MAPO Method to Assess the Risk of Patient Manual Handling in Hospital Wards: A Validation Study
Authors: Cantarella Carlo , Stucchi Giulia , Menoni Olga , Consonni Dario , Cairoli Silvia , Manno Rosa , Tasso Marco , Galinotti Luca , Battevi Natale
Published: August 2019

Objective

To validate the effectiveness of MAPO method (Movement and Assistance of Hospital Patient) after the introduction of some changes to improve assessment objectivity.

Background

The number of operators exposed to patient manual handling is increasing considerably. MAPO, proposed in 1999 as a useful tool to estimate the risk of patient manual handling, is a method characterized by analytical quickness. It has recently been improved to better match the 2012 ISO (International Organization for Standardization) technical report.

Methods

A multicenter study was conducted between 2014 and 2016 involving 26 Italian hospitals in the Apulia Region. MAPO method was used to assess the risk of patient manual handling in 116 wards. A total of 1,998 exposed subjects were evaluated for the presence or absence of acute low back pain in the previous 12 months.

Results

Only 12% of the investigated wards fell in the green exposure level (MAPO index = 0.1–1.5), 37% resulted in the average exposure level (MAPO index = 1.51–5) and the remaining 51% in the higher exposure level (MAPO index >5). The results confirmed a positive association between increasing levels of MAPO index and the number of episodes of acute low back pain (adjusted p trend = .001).

Conclusion

The improvements made over the past years led to a more objective assessment procedure. Despite the changes, the study confirmed the effectiveness of MAPO method to predict low back pain.

Application

MAPO method is an accurate risk assessment tool that identifies and evaluates workplace risks. The proper application of the method significantly improves working conditions.
The organisation and experience of work in the gig economy
Authors: Kaine Sarah , Josserand Emmanuel
Published: August 2019

The gig economy has captured public and policy interest and is growing as an area of academic inquiry, prompting debate about the future of work, labour regulation, and the impact of technology and job quality. This special issue provides a timely intervention into that debate with this article providing an introductory overview, positioning the articles within a comprehensive literature review of existing scholarship on the gig economy. These articles add to our understanding of the organisation and experience of work in the digitally enabled gig economy in a variety of national settings. They explore aspects such as job quality, forms of collectivity, identity development, and algorithmic management and control. This article also delineates avenues for further research regarding conditions for gig workers, the impact of gig work and information, technology and gig work.
Effect of the fabric dimension on limits of the drape coefficient
Authors: Yang Liu , Kim KyoungOk , Takatera Masayuki
Published: August 2019

The effects of fabric dimension on drape deformation are analyzed using a model of a circular segment cantilever for infinite shear stiffness (upper limit) and the deflection of strip cantilevers in radial directions for zero shear stiffness (lower limit). The drape shapes are determined by nondimensional parameters K and K′ in addition to the parameters m and m′, which are given by the ratio of the fabric radius and segment cantilever length, respectively. K and K′ are given by the segment cantilever length for the upper limit and by the differences between the radii of the fabric and support disk for the lower limit, with weights, and bending rigidity. The drape coefficient (DC) limits of fabrics are theoretically obtained using the model in three cases according to the relationship of m and m′. Even for different fabrics, the drape shapes are similar for the same m and K, or m′ and K′, in each case. The effects of dimension on fabric drape are therefore clarified theoretically. The obtained limits are experimentally verified for eight woven fabrics and one sheet. It is found that the DCs of samples are between the two theoretical curves of limits, although there are variations even for the same K or K′. The variations might be due to depressions between adjacent nodes or the presence of double-curvature deformation due to lower shear stiffness. The effects of dimensions in the drape test considering bending rigidity for infinite and zero shear stiffness are thus clarified theoretically and experimentally.
Improving indoor air quality using dynamic insulation and activated carbon in an air permeable ceiling
Authors: Sahabuddin Mohd Firrdhaus Mohd , Howieson Stirling
Published: August 2019

Indoor air pollution has proven negative impacts on the urban population in many developing countries. In Kuala Lumpur, high-rise housing programmes are not addressing IAQ and thermal comfort. As household incomes rise, residents are resorting to retro-fitting wall mounted split, air conditioning units; a strategy that is neither cost nor carbon effective. This paper reports on the results of computer modelling in conjunction with scale model trials (1:5) of a ‘Dynamic-Hybrid Air Permeable Ceiling’ (DHAPC) designed to filter, cool and dehumidify, the incoming air mass. This filter membrane, when combined with activated charcoal, reduced carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, benzene and particulate levels by up to 90%. These techniques now require to be replicated at 1:1 scale; however, the initial data suggest that such an approach, could make a major contribution to improving indoor air quality and thermal comfort with a much reduced carbon penalty.

Practical application: Air pollution is now being recognised as having major negative impacts on public health. The use of insulation, as a large area and volume air filter, would appear to be a highly effective technique to reduce particulate matter, and when combined with activated charcoal that absorbs/adsorbs toxic gasses, can significantly improve indoor air quality in cities across the world that are presently exceeding WHO air quality guidelines.
Coalbed methane adsorption capacity related to maceral compositions
Authors: Liu Langtao , Jin Chao , Li Lei , Xu Chenyang , Sun Pengfei , Meng Zhaoxing , An Lulu
Published: August 2019

Maceral compositions take a great role in coalbed methane adsorption. Two controversial viewpoints coexist on the effect of maceral compositions to coalbed methane adsorption. One is vitrinite has better adsorption capacity than inertinite and the other is inertinite has enhanced adsorption capacity than vitrinite. In order to clarify this issue, a series of coal samples were collected and highly purified vitrinite and inertinite concentrates were gained by heavy-fluid flotation and centrifugal separation. Isothermal adsorption experiments of methane were performed to these concentrates with equilibrium moisture and their ultimate adsorption volume were obtained finally. The results show that the adsorption capacity of vitrinite is weaker and the capacity of inertinite is stronger for low-rank coal. For high-rank coal, the adsorption capacity of vitrinite is stronger and the capacity of inertinite is weaker. Along with the increase of coal rank, the adsorption capacity of vitrinite rises gradually and the adsorption capacity of inertinite declines little by little. This result shows that the adsorption capacity of coal to methane not only relates to contents of vitrinite and inertinite, but also relates to metamorphic grade of the coal, because with the increase of metamorphism of coal, molecular structure, functional group and pore characteristic of vitrinite and inertinite change gradually, which results in tremendous changes in the adsorption capacity of coal.
After the gold rush: industrial re-configuration in the UK television production sector and content
Authors: Doyle Gillian , Barr Kenny
Published: August 2019

Recent technological and market changes in the television industry appear to have transformed the corporate configurations which conduce to economic success in the production industry. As a result, many leading independent television production companies in the United Kingdom and elsewhere across Europe have become prime targets for corporate activity and many have been subject to takeover, often by the US media groups. Does this matter? Does the concept of ‘national’ television content still have any relevance in the digital era? Drawing on a multiple-case-study-based analysis of several UK-based television production companies over recent years, this article examines how corporate takeovers in the production sector may affect creative decision-making and impact on the nature and quality of television content. Against a background of increased investment interest from multinationals in indigenous players in the United Kingdom and across Europe, the analysis presented makes a timely and policy-relevant contribution to knowledge.
A Confluence of Worries: Grandparents in Skipped-Generation Households in Thailand
Authors: Ingersoll-Dayton Berit , Tangchonlatip Kanchana , Punpuing Sureeporn
Published: August 2019

The responsibilities associated with looking after grandchildren can be a source of considerable worry for grandparents if they are their primary caregivers. Most of the research on this topic has been conducted in the United States with grandparents who are caring for grandchildren because of family crisis. In contrast, this study focuses on grandparents in Thailand who are caring for grandchildren due to the migration of their adult children seeking income. Interviews were conducted with 48 grandparents from three provinces in Thailand. Using thematic analysis, we identified the major kinds of worries experienced by these grandparents: family relationships, finances, the risky behavior and safety of their grandchildren, and the future. We explore each of these worries in depth and contrast Thai grandparents’ experiences with those of grandparents in the United States.
Dexmedetomidine extraction by the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit: results from an in vitro study
Authors: Dallefeld Samantha H , Sherwin Jennifer , Zimmerman Kanecia O , Watt Kevin M
Published: August 2019

Background:

Dexmedetomidine is a sedative administered to minimize distress and decrease the risk of life threatening complications in children supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit can extract drug and decrease drug exposure, placing the patient at risk of therapeutic failure.

Objective:

To determine the extraction of dexmedetomidine by the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit.

Materials and methods:

Dexmedetomidine was studied in three closed-loop circuit configurations to isolate the impact of the oxygenator, hemofilter, and tubing on circuit extraction. Each circuit was primed with human blood according to standard practice for Duke Children’s Hospital, and flow was set to 1 L/min. Dexmedetomidine was dosed to achieve a therapeutic concentration of ~600 pg/mL. Dexmedetomidine was added to a separate tube of blood to serve as a control and evaluate for natural drug degradation. Serial blood samples were collected over 24 hours and concentrations were quantified with a validated assay. Drug recovery was calculated at each time point.

Results:

Dexmedetomidine was highly extracted by the oxygenator evidenced by a mean recovery of 62-67% at 4 hours and 23-34% at 24 hours in circuits with an oxygenator in-line. In contrast, mean recovery with the oxygenator removed was 96% at 4 hours and 93% at 24 hours. Dexmedetomidine was stable over time with a mean recovery in the control samples of 102% at 24 hours.

Conclusion:

These results suggest dexmedetomidine is extracted by the oxygenator in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit which may result in decreased drug exposure in vivo.
Memory impairment following intentional self-poisoning with benzodiazepines: Should we pay more attention to attention?
Authors: Salles Juliette , Pariente Jérémie , Schmitt Laurent , Lauque Dominique , Lanot Thomas , Very Etienne , Gandia Peggy , Lemesle Béatrice , Arbus Christophe , Giron Aurélie
Published: August 2019

Study hypothesis:

In cases where patients attempt suicide through intentional self-poisoning, they often ingest drugs such as benzodiazepines that alter the central nervous system and memory. This is problematic, given that experts recommend the recovery of a patient’s cognitive capacity before any psychiatric assessment is conducted. A previous pilot study by our group showed that cognitive tests focusing on attention are the most valuable when it comes to determining whether sufficient cognitive recovery has occurred to ensure that patients will remember the assessment after intentional self-poisoning with benzodiazepines. The main aim of our study was to determine cognitive predictors of the recall of the psychiatric assessment after a suicide attempt. The second aim was to determine the threshold for episodic memory.

Methods:

We recruited 97 patients admitted for intentional self-poisoning. At the time of the psychiatric assessments, we quantified plasma benzodiazepine levels and performed a cognitive assessment. We then used a linear regression model to identify the associations in a control and a benzodiazepine group between cognitive functions and episodic memory scores obtained 24 hours after psychiatric assessment.

Results:

Our model accounted for 28% and 37%, respectively, of the variance in memory in the control and benzodiazepine groups. The most significant correlations were found for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale coding test in both groups. In the control group, tests such as visual and verbal memory were also associated with recall.

Conclusions:

Benzodiazepines particularly affect memory by impairing what is remembered of attentional tests. These are, however, the most suitable cognitive tests for predicting recall of the memory assessment.
Modeling the Economic Impact of Interventions for Older Populations with Multimorbidity: A Method of Linking Multiple Single-Disease Models
Authors: Youn Ji-Hee , Stevenson Matt D. , Thokala Praveen , Payne Katherine , Goddard Maria
Published: August 2019

Introduction. Individuals from older populations tend to have more than 1 health condition (multimorbidity). Current approaches to produce economic evidence for clinical guidelines using decision-analytic models typically use a single-disease approach, which may not appropriately reflect the competing risks within a population with multimorbidity. This study aims to demonstrate a proof-of-concept method of modeling multiple conditions in a single decision-analytic model to estimate the impact of multimorbidity on the cost-effectiveness of interventions. Methods. Multiple conditions were modeled within a single decision-analytic model by linking multiple single-disease models. Individual discrete event simulation models were developed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of preventative interventions for a case study assuming a UK National Health Service perspective. The case study used 3 diseases (heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and osteoporosis) that were combined within a single linked model. The linked model, with and without correlations between diseases incorporated, simulated the general population aged 45 years and older to compare results in terms of lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Results. The estimated incremental costs and QALYs for health care interventions differed when 3 diseases were modeled simultaneously (£840; 0.234 QALYs) compared with aggregated results from 3 single-disease models (£408; 0.280QALYs). With correlations between diseases additionally incorporated, both absolute and incremental costs and QALY estimates changed in different directions, suggesting that the inclusion of correlations can alter model results. Discussion. Linking multiple single-disease models provides a methodological option for decision analysts who undertake research on populations with multimorbidity. It also has potential for wider applications in informing decisions on commissioning of health care services and long-term priority setting across diseases and health care programs through providing potentially more accurate estimations of the relative cost-effectiveness of interventions.
Actor–Partner Analyses of the Associations Between Harsh Discipline and Parent–Child Relationships in China
Authors: Cai Zhaona , Wang Meifang , Wang Fang
Published: August 2019

Based on the actor–partner interdependence model (APIM), this study examined the actor and partner effects of parental harsh discipline on the parent–child relationship in a sample of Chinese children. A total of 1,149 Chinese middle-school-aged children who were recruited to participate in this survey completed measures of their fathers’ and mothers’ psychological aggression (PA) and corporal punishment (CP) toward them and their affinitive and conflicting relationship with the father and mother. Results from the APIM analysis showed that both fathers’ and mothers’ harsh discipline were negatively associated with parent–child affinity and positively associated with parent–child conflict (βs < .33, ps < .001). Furthermore, results also showed that mothers’ CP was negatively related to father–child affinity (βs = −.10, ps < .01) and mothers’ CP and PA were positively related to father–child conflict (βs < .13, ps < .01), whereas fathers’ harsh discipline was not related to mother–child relationship (βs > .04, ps > .05). Findings indicated that a parent’s harsh discipline affected not only their own relationship with children but also their spouse’s relationship with children. Findings in the present study highlighted the importance of decreasing both fathers’ and mothers’ use of harsh discipline when conducting appropriate prevention intervention to improve the parent–child relationship, especially the father–child relationship.
Investigations for tensile, compressive and morphological properties of 3D printed functional prototypes of PLA-PEKK-HAp-CS
Authors: Singh Rupinder , Singh Gurchetan , Singh Jaskaran , Kumar Ranvijay
Published: August 2019

This article reports the experimental investigations for tensile, compressive and morphological properties of 3D printed functional prototypes composed of polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with poly ether ketone ketone (PEKK), hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan (CS). The PLA-PEKK-HAp-CS composite has wide applications as scaffolds in orthopaedics and clinical dentistry. The tensile and compressive specimens were printed (as per ASTM D638 type IV and ASTM D695) with in-house prepared feedstock filament on commercial fused deposition modelling setup by following Taguchi-based design of experiment. The results are also supported by hardness data and photomicrographs.