bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kepemimpinan Kyai Politikus dalam Transformasi Kecerdasan Emosional Santri di Ponpes Nurul Ulum Pemalang
Authors: Rasimin Rasimin
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola kepemimpinan kyai politikus dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan emosional  santri, dan ingin mengetahui realitas pola kepemimpinan kyai politikus dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan emosional  santri di pondok pesantren Nurul Ulum Pemalang. Penelitan ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif natualistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) Sebagai seorang pemimpin pondok pesantren dan sekaligus sebagai tokoh politikus, maka Kyai harus memahami betul siapakah dirinya, bagaimana melaksanakan peran, tugas dan tanggung jawabnya dengan baik, serta memenuhi berbagai kriteria yang menunjukkan kharismanya sebagai seorang pemimpin. Hal ini di tandai dengan ciri Kyai yang bersifat transformasional, responsif dan edukatif yang nantinya akan menjadi tonggak awal bagi terciptanya Emotional Spiritual Quotient (kecerdasan emosional) yang akhirnya bermuara pada pada asas amar ma'ruf nahi munkar dan Li-iqomatuddin. (2) secara umum realisasi dari pola kepemimpinan Kyai politikus dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan emosional  santri di Pondok Pesantren Darussalam Desa Tambak Selo Kecamatan Wirosari Kabupaten Grobogan dapat di katatakan telah mencapai hasil yang baik

 
Pola Kepemimpinan Rasulullah: Cerminan Sistem Politik Islam
Authors: Mubasyaroh Mubasyaroh
Published: August 2020

Arti penting politik dalam sejarah Islam dilukiskan oleh Muh Kurdi Ali dalam bukunya  aqwaluna wa af’aluna  (teori dan praktek-praktek kita) bahwa kebutuhan umat dan bangsa akan politik sama dengan kebutuhan manusia akan air dan udara. Membahas politik, akan menjadi suatu hal yang menarik karena didalamnya menyangkut kekuasaan dan jabatan. Tulisan ini bertujuan membuka wawasan umat Islam tentang politik. Pada tulisan ini akan dipotret bagaimana praktek Rasulullah dalam memimpin umat Islam sebagai bentuk implementasi politik Islam. Hal ini kelihatan sekali terutama ketika beliau memimpin masyarakat di Madinah dengan mendirikan negara Islam, guna menguatkan kepemimpinan, dalam rangka merangkul semua golongan, Rasulullah membuat piagam madinah sebagai perwujudan dari perjanjian damai antara muslim dan non muslim. Disamping itu rasulullah menunjukkan keteladanan dan kewibawannya dengan adanya perjanjian hudaibiyah.

 

Kata Kunci: Politik Islam, Rasulullah, Perjanjian
Peranan Politik Luar Negeri Indonesia Terhadap Palestina Pasca Pengakuan Jerusalem Sebagai Ibu Kota Israel
Authors: Satris Rezki
Published: August 2020

Tulisan ini mencoba untuk melihat dinamika politik luar negeri Indonesia dalam merespon kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat terhadap Palestina. Indonesia sebagai negara yang konsisten dalam memertahankan kedaulatan Palestina memberikan respon terkadap kebijakan Presiden Amerika Serikat Donald Trump terhadap pemindahan wilayah ibu kota Israel ke Yerussalem. Tentu hal ini memberikan dampak respon terhadap negara-negara Islam terutama Indonesia. Selain itu, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melihat mengumpulkan berbagi sumber ilmiah, baik dari jurnal, koran, buku-buku dan website serta sumber ilmiah lainnya. Indonesia melalui kebijakan luar negerinya melakukan berbagai pendekatan terhadap negara-negara di dunia dalam memberikan respon atas kebijakan Tramp tersebut.
“An Analysis of Trojan Horse Affairs, Measuring the Impact of Hoax Produced by Anti-Muslim Government in the UK”
Authors: Renolafitri Hendrini
Published: August 2020

This paper highlights one concrete example of how the power of Hoaxes can provide an extra-ordinary significant impact to the country.  The term of the Trojan Horse Affairs make this issue more interesting for the author to discuss. The term of Trojan Horse generally used in technological science to describe the existence of the malware or viruses activity, whos hiding in suspicious forms and then damage the core systems on a computer or steal its data. The damage caused by the Trojan Horse is usually very severe (Trojan Horses, 2019).

In the study of international relations, the term of Trojan Horse was also recently introduced to defined the “terrorist operations”. This is because, terrorist operations are also use hidden movements on their actions to attack or stealing data which resulted in fatal damage. For that kind of reason, in the study of international relations, the term of Trojan Horse is also synonymous with serious crime, which are usually carried out by the opponents, enemies, or international criminal syndicate (Trojan Horses, 2019).
Tracing the origin history the use of the term of The Trojan Horse will remind back with the Ancient Greek War, between the Achaena (Greek) and Trojan people. This history become phenomenal after the Achaena win the war with their clever trick of smuggling its soldier into an unsuspecting wooden horse statue, soon called “The Trojan Horse”statue. The Trojan people immediately got killed in the night, when their soldiers were unaware and sleeping. The Achenian soldiers came out from their hiding place and then ended this storys (Mogra, n.d.).
Tunisian Political Revolution: A Lesson Learned for Recent Indonesian Politics in Using Social Media
Authors: Fachrie Muhammad
Published: August 2020

This research discusses about Tunisian Revolution and a lesson learned for recent Indonesian Politics. The fall of Ben Ali is a proof that social media can be a non-military weapon for society in ruining the ruling regime. Social media can create public sphere for Tunisian people in communicating each other, sharing information and even mobilizing the protest over Ben Ali’s regime. This experience gives lesson learned for many country, including Indonesia. Recently, Indonesian people are active in internet, particularly social media, so that Tunisian Revolution experience alerts Indonesian people to always pay attention about that. This research uses qualitative method to gather data and describe the phenomenon by using Critical Theory. This research views that Tunisian experience influences to the government in managing protests in Indonesia, because the policy and regulation about internet and social media occur in Joko Widodo’s administration in order to counter hoaxes, SARA and radicalism.

 
Implikasi Perjanjian Damai Terhadap Aksi Intifadah Hamas
Authors: Putri Gustri Eni
Published: August 2020

 

This study aims to explain how the implications of the peace agreement as Israel's strategy in reducing the Hamas intifadah action. The discussion in this study is limited to the peace agreement between Israel and the PLO known as the 1993 Declaration of Principles and the intifadah movement in 1987. This research is a qualitative study with a literature study through books, journals, and articles. This study is based on thinking which explains that as a rational actor, the state in taking foreign policy always calculates the cost and benefit. In its foreign policy, the ruling government uses the "optimization of results" criteria. Or in other words, Israel's foreign policy focuses on emphasizing the country's national interests. This rationale influenced Israel's foreign policy, which was to accept a peace agreement with the PLO to reduce the intifadah movement carried out by Hamas. And this policy provides optimal results for the state of Israel.
Pemetaan Preferensi Perilaku Pemilih Milenial Pada Pilkada Kabupaten Tanah Datar 2020
Authors: Budiman Novi , Irwandi Irwandi
Published: August 2020

Mapping Millennial Voter Behavior PreferencesIn the 2020 Tanah Datar District- Millennial generation in the election and election contest in Indonesia has recently become the center of attention of many groups. This is reasonable because it is estimated that 35% -40% of voters in Indonesia are from this generation. This generation, known to be close to the cyber world, is considered by many to be a critical, creative and rational generation. This study aims to map the preferences of millennial voters in the Tanah Datar District Election in 2020. The study used a survey method with 200 respondents
Effect of deep work on the green blood system
Authors: K.Komilov  , D.Komilova  , O.Mo’minova
Published: August 2020

The result of the study have been scientifically proven to be the best agro-technology for the formation, growth and cultivation of high-quality cotton yields by differentiating inter-row cultivation in the conditions of ancient irrigated and original soils of Andijan region
Kinetic Modeling of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor - Operating On Distillery Effluent
Authors: Mohite Dhananjay , Salimath S.S.
Published: August 2020

To identify the viability and performance, distillery effluent having very high organic content was studied on continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Under different organic loading rates (OLR), optimum conditions for highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and biogas generation was found to be for OLR of 0.10 COD kg /d to 0.11 COD kg /d. Highest COD exertion efficiency was found to be around 73% for OLR of 9.166 kg COD/m3/d when hydraulic retention time (HRT) reduced from 15 to 14 days. Biogas generation was observed to be around 30 L/d with a conversion coefficient of 0.405 and 0.12 volatile fatty acids (VFA) to alkalinity ratio were recorded in this stage. Applying the modified Stovere Kincannon model to the reactor, the maximum removal rate constant (Umax) and saturation value constant (Kb) were found to be 17.123 kg/m3/day, and 33.471 kg/m3/day respectively. These records are predominantly significant, when operating the anaerobic biodigesters for treating the distillery effluent along with the production of biogas as an energy sources. CSTR can effectively be employed in treatment of this effluent however post bio-digestion effluent still contains considerable COD. To meet the pollution norms and standards it needs to be treated further. To understand the complex biological treatment process of this effluent further trials are required to be conducted.
Auxora Versus Standard of Care For The Treatment of Severe or Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia: Results From A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Miller Joseph , Bruen Charles , Schnaus Michael , Zhang Jeffrey , Ali Sadia , Lind April , Stoecker Zachary , Stauderman Kenneth , Hebbar Sudarshan
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND: Calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel inhibitors stabilize the pulmonary endothelium and block proinflammatory cytokine release, potentially mitigating respiratory complications observed in patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of Auxora, a novel, intravenously administered CRAC channel inhibitor, in adults with severe or critical COVID-19 pneumonia METHODS: A randomized, controlled, open-label study of Auxora was conducted in adults with severe or critical COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive three doses of once-daily Auxora versus standard of care (SOC) alone. The primary objective was to assess safety and tolerability of Auxora. Following FDA guidance, study enrollment was halted early to allow for transition to a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study. RESULTS: In total, 17 patients with severe and three with critical COVID-19 pneumonia were randomized to Auxora and nine with severe and one with critical COVID-19 pneumonia to SOC. Similar proportions of patients receiving Auxora and SOC experienced ≥1 adverse event (75% versus 80%, respectively). Fewer patients receiving Auxora experienced serious adverse events versus SOC (30% versus 50%, respectively). Two patients (10%) receiving Auxora and two (20%) receiving SOC died in the 30 days after randomization. Among patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, median time to recovery with Auxora was five days versus 12 days with SOC; recovery rate ratio was 1.87 (95%CI, 0.72, 4.89). Invasive mechanical ventilation was needed in 18% of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia receiving Auxora versus 50% receiving SOC (absolute risk reduction=32%; 95%CI, -0.07, 0.71). Outcomes measured by an 8-point ordinal scale were significantly improved for patients receiving Auxora, especially for patients with a baseline PaO2/FiO2=101-200. CONCLUSIONS: Auxora demonstrated a favorable safety profile in patients with severe or critical COVID-19 pneumonia and improved outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. These results, however, are limited by the open-label study design and small patient population resulting from early cessation of enrollment in response to regulatory guidance. The impact of Auxora on respiratory complications in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia will be further assessed in a planned randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04345614. Submitted 7April2020 - https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04345614
Intramedullary nail fixation for the treatment of simple forearm fractures in military combatants
Authors: Wang Hao , Zheng Huayong , He Hongying , Zhang Jianzheng , Liu ZHI , Sun Tiansheng
Published: August 2020

Background: Most of forearm fracture in military combatants are simple fracture. The traditational procedure for adult forearm fracture is open reduction and plate osteosynthesis. However, plate fixation do have the defect of nonunion, stress shielding, skin irritation. Intramedullary nail is believed to be an alternative treatment of adult forearm fractures. However, whether simple forearm fractures in military combatants could be successfully treated by intramedullary nail is not clear.Methods: Patients of military combatants with diagnosis of simple forearm fracture treated by intramedullary nail fixation were identified from 1st January 2016 to 31st November 2018 in this retrospective study. General information of the patients, time of follow-up, time of fracture union post-operation, complications, rotation activity and DASH score 12 month post-operation were recorded to figure out the clinical outcome of simple forearm fracture treated by intramedullary nail in military combatants.Outcome: Twenty male patients were identified in this retrospective study, with average age of 26.5 years old (range 18-36).Fourteen forearm fracture happened in right side and the rest six happened in left side. Single ulna fracture happened in 11 cases, single radius fracture happened in 4 cases , both forearm fracture happened in 5 cases. Classifications of the 20 patients were all OTA type A. All 20 patients got followed, with mean follow-up time of 15.8 months（range 12-18). All patients got fracture union successfully. Average time of fracture union was 2.6 months（range 2-4months）. Partially rupture of extensor pollicis longus tendon happened during operation in one patient and 3 months post-operation in another patient. One patient with both forearm fractures showed linear ossification of interosseous membranes. Average pronation activity 12 months post-operation was 86.9 degrees (range 80-90), average supination activity 12 months post-operation was 86.3 degrees (range 60-90). Average DASH score 12 months post-operation was 6.5（range 0-37).Conclusion: This respective study demonstrated that intramedullary nail achieved excellent results in the treatment of simple fracture of forearm in military combatants.Trial Registration : Not applicable
Healthcare in transition in the Republic of Armenia: A longitudinal mixed-method study of emergency medical systems
Authors: Chekijian Sharon , Truzyan Nune
Published: August 2020

Background Acute life-threatening illness such as trauma, myocardial infarction, and stroke depend on timely recognition and treatment. There is a shift in interest by international agencies and funders in recent years towards the development of emergency care systems (EMS) in low and middle-income countries. Armenia, ex-Soviet Republic in transition since independence in 1991, has made remarkable progress but the healthcare sector, emergency systems development and education have lagged behind the overall development of the nation.Methods This manuscript describes a mixed method study used to derive a comprehensive picture of the state of EMS in Armenia. The quantitative component consists of a survey administered at three intervals over a 5-year period in 2005, 2009 and 2010 to gauge issues with the emergency medical system (EMS). A qualitative assessment of EMS was also performed using focus groups discussion and in-depth interviews.Results The quantitative questionnaire showed a positive trend in trust placed in EMS via the results of two questions “the ambulance team will respond in a timely manner”, and “the ambulance dispatcher will not request payment for services before deciding to respond to the call” (p = 0.04). These positive changes led to a statistically significant systematic increase in the percent of people who will decide to wait for the ambulance rather than to take the patient directly to the hospital in a medical emergency (p = 0.01). In-depth interviews and focus group discussions identified issues with training, timeliness of care and shortages of medications and equipment.Conclusion Nations and communities rely on emergency medical systems to care for conditions that require timely and skilled interventions. There are vital problems with emergency medical systems in Armenia related to both confidence in emergency systems from the public and physicians especially related to timeliness of care provided, training, equipment and medications. Emergency care systems development provides a comprehensive way to efficiently address multiple critical conditions. Armenia benefits from an organized emergency system as well as from the Franco-German model of care with physicians deployed in the field. An investment in training as well as critical medications and updated equipment will be key to improvement in services.
Linear regression correlation of health behaviour factors and fitness skills in the Hungarian Defence Forces
Authors: Novák Attila , Hornyák Beatrix , Rázsó Zsófia , Szalánczi Szabolcs , Sótér Andrea
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe observance of health behaviour recommendations is particularly important in the armed forces where about a certain level of the different physical abilities has to be given account of regularly during work too. The aim of the research is to analyse certain areas of the soldiers’ lifestyle how much they influence the reached scores on the physical tests used by the Hungarian Defence Forces.Sample and MethodDuring examination we compared the results of the prevention data sheet of the soldiers (n=490) appeared on the annual health screening in 2015 against their points obtained on the annual physical fitness test (PFT). The average age of the sample test was 34,1 years (+ 6,91 years) and the proportion of the women was 13,5%. In the test our participants’ average height was 177,64 cm (+7,49 cm), the average weight was 78,94 kg (+12,07 kg). According to the prevention data sheet we analysed the eating habits, frequency of psychosomatic waist pain, body mass index (BMI), the relationship between age and smoking status in relation to scores obtained by stamina and strength endurance practices. To assess the physical fitness of the cardio-vascular endurance we used the results of the 3200 m flat race and for the strength endurance survey we used the results of the scores from lying on the back sit-up with bent legs and arm bending in push-up performed within 2 minutes in a maximum repeat number.ResultsThe growth of the body mass index with 0,1 meant 2 points loss. Regarding the frequency of vegetable-, fruit-, cereal-, and dairy product consumption we found a significant difference (p <0,05) in correlation of the obtained scores on the PFT. The back pain as a symptom appearing monthly meant an advantage on the strength endurance tests, as for smoking on the physical fitness tests. Age did not influence the results of the physical tests significantly. ConclusionThe detection of the connection between certain health behaviour factors and the physical parameters can be one of the strategic tasks of the military supply service.
Effect of respiratory muscle strengthening with breathing exercises on Ventilatory functions, aerobic fitness and their association with performance in elite rowers
Authors: Perera Dilani Priyashanthi , Ariyasinghe Anoja , kariyawasam Anula
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveRowing is one of the most physically demanding endurance sports requiring high levels of ventilation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of RMT on ventilatory parameters, aerobic fitness and rowing ergometer performance among 20 professional rowers (experimental (n = 11) and control (n = 9) aged 20–35 years in Sri Lanka.ResultsRowers in the experimental group were prescribed a RMT program comprising of breathing exercises while control group was prescribed a general exercise program for a 12 weeks. There were significant improvements in PIF, FVC, and VO2maxin the experimental group after 12-weeks (p < 0.05) while only VO2 max improved non-significantly in the control group (p > 0.05).Compared to the control, PIF improved significantly in the experimental group (p < 0.05). The rowers in the experimental group with higher PIF and VO2max performed better at 2000 m and 5000 m ergometer whereas in the control group, only VO2max was associated with better performance in 5000 m ergometer. This suggests that the RMT program had a significant effect in improving some ventilatory parameters and VO2max of the rowers resulting in better performance.Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials UMIN000040345, 08/05/2020. “Retrospectively registered”
HER2 protein expression correlates with Lauren classification and P53 in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Chu Yiming , Li Hongbo , Wu Dan , Guo Qingqu
Published: August 2020

Background and objective: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a key pathological characteristic in gastric cancer patients. However, the clinical significance of HER2 protein expression in gastric carcinoma remains controversial. The purpose of the study is to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of HER2 protein expression, Lauren classification and P53 expression and evaluate the clinical significance of the HER2 protein expression. Methods: A total of 176 consecutive patients were recruited prospectively between January 2014 and December 2016 in The Second Affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Histological analysis was performed on resected tissue for HER2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The patients with IHC grade 2+ were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to assess the expression status of HER2 protein. Moreover, standardized criteria of HER2 protein expression in gastric cancer was used in this study. Additionally, the expression status of HER2 protein and clinicopathological features were analyzed by Chi-square (c2) test. All statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS 22.0 statistical software program (IBM Corp., SPSS statistics, Chicago, IL).Results: A total of 176 gastric cancer patients were enrolled in this study. Intratumorally heterogeneity of HER2 protein overexpression was 42 of 176 cases with IHC grade 2+ accompanied with FISH positivity and IHC grade 3+. HER2 protein expression correlated with tumor differentiation (p < 0.001), Lauren classification (p = 0.001), Borrmann type (p = 0.003) and P53 expression (p < 0.001). Overall survival (OS) was not analyzed because the follow-up duration was too short and the high rate of missed interview.Conclusions: The overexpression of HER2 protein was determined in 23.9% of the cases and significantly related to Lauren intestinal subtype and P53 expression.
Assessment of nutritional status of hospitalized patients including their food intake and evaluation of food waste, its causes and consequences in some selected Tehran hospitals: a cross-sectional study protocol
Authors: Anari Razieh , Amini Maryam , Nikooyeh Bahareh , Ghodsi Delaralm , Torabi Parisa , Neyestani Tirang R
Published: August 2020

Background: Hospitalization may seriously affect patients’ nutritional status and may occasionally be accompanied by malnutrition development or aggravation. Food intake is often altered during hospitalization, which is tightly connected to malnutrition. On the other hand, a huge amount of plate food wasted by patients, in addition to its health consequences, has enormous economic and environmental expenses for governments and societies. This investigation aims firstly to assess nutritional status of the patients hospitalized in general wards and secondly to evaluate the quantity and financial burden of patients’ food waste along with its possible nutritional outcomes.Methods: A cross-sectional study is performed on 171 adult inpatients with eligibility criteria from medical and surgical wards of three general hospitals in Tehran. Nutritional status of patients is evaluated through the following methods: 1. Assessment of malnutrition using subjective criteria (Mini Nutritional Assessment and Subjective Global Assessment tools); 2. Assessment of protein status using determination of serum albumin, pre-albumin and total protein; and 3. Assessment of certain micronutrient status notably vitamins A and D using serum retinol and 25-hydroxycalciferol assay. Also, oxidative stress and inflammatory status are evaluated using examination of serum β-carotene, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde and highly sensitive C-reactive protein. Anthropometric and demographic data are collected and energy and protein intakes are extracted from a 24-hour food recall. Plate food wastes for selected patients are weighed in breakfast, lunch and snacks for one day. Then, economic cost of food waste is calculated for each meal, patient and ward. Finally, the possible reasons for wasting food in these hospitals will be evaluated through conducting a qualitative study.Discussion: Findings of this study will provide appropriate data regarding health and economic burden of food waste in studied hospitals. These data are especially useful to healthcare authorities and policy makers for planning efficient solutions to decrease food waste and to improve patients' nutritional status.
In Vitro Evaluation of the activity of Ceftazidime-avibactam and Aztreonam-Avibactam against 76 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from a teaching hospital in Chongqing
Authors: Lin Qiuxia , Zou Hua , Chen Xian , Wu Menglu , Ma Deyu , Yu Hanbing , Niu Siqiang , Huang Shifeng
Published: August 2020

Background: Treatment options for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) infections were limited. We assessed the efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) and aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) against a selection of 76 S. maltophilia out of the 1179 strains isolated from the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University during 2011-2018. Methods: We investigated the antimicrobial resistance profiles of the 1179 S. maltophilia clinical isolates from the first affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University during 2011-2018, a collection of 76 isolates of which were available for further study of microbiological characterization. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ceftazidime (CAZ), ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI), aztreonam (ATM) and aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) were determined via the broth microdilution method. We deemed that CAZ-AVI or ATM-AVI was more effective in vitro than CAZ or ATM alone when CAZ-AVI or ATM-AVI led to a category change from “Resistant” with CAZ or ATM alone to “Susceptible” or “Intermediate” with CAZ-AVI or ATM-AVI, or if the MIC of CAZ-AVI or ATM-AVI was at least 2-fold lower than the MIC of CAZ or ATM alone. Results: For the 76 clinical isolates included in the study, MICs of CAZ, ATM, CAZ-AVI and ATM-AVI ranged from 0.03-64, 1-1024, 0.016-64, and 0.06-64 μg/mL, respectively. In combined therapy, AVI was effective at restoring the susceptibility of 48.48% (16/33) and 89.71% (61/68) of S. maltophilia to CAZ and ATM, respectively. Furthermore, CAZ-AVI showed better results in terms of the proportion of susceptible isolates (77.63% vs.56.58%, P<0.001), MIC50 (2μg/mL vs. 8μg/mL, P<0.05), and MIC distribution (P<0.001) when compared to CAZ. According to our definition, CAZ-AVI was more effective in vitro than CAZ alone for 84.21% of the isolates. Similarly, ATM-AVI also showed better results in terms of the proportion of susceptible isolates (90.79%vs. 10.53%, P<0.001), MIC50 (2μg/mL vs. 64μg/mL, P<0.001), and MIC distribution (P<0.001) when compared to ATM. According to our definition, ATM-AVI was also more effective in vitro than ATM alone for 97.37% of the isolates. Conclusions: AVI potentiated the activity of both CAZ and ATM against S. maltophilia clinical isolates in vitro. We demonstrated that CAZ-AVI and ATM-AVI are both useful therapeutic options to treat infections caused by S. maltophilia.
Arthroscopic fixation of humeral greater tuberosity fracture with W-shaped suture
Authors: Lin Xiaocong , Fang Kaibin , Ke Qingfeng , Wu Wenhua , Shi Shaojian , Dai Zhangsheng
Published: August 2020

Background

Patients with a greater tuberosity fracture of the humerus often require surgery. Finding a less invasive and more effective way of doing surgery could help patients better.
Aim

To evaluate the clinical value of w-shaped suture technique under shoulder arthroscopy in the treatment of humerus greater tuberosity fractures.
Methods

A total of 17 patients were included in the study. These fractures are closed, and there is no neurovascular injury. These patients underwent arthroscopically assisted reduction and internal fixation. Fixation was done by means of sighting nails combined with W - shaped suture. The imaging data of the patients were collected. ASES score, Constant-Murley score and VAS score were used to evaluate the efficacy of patients. At the last follow-up (at least one year), the range of motion of the affected and contralateral shoulder joints was compared.
Results

All patients completed the operation successfully. The average follow-up time was 13 months. No complications such as fracture displacement, nonunion and internal fixation failure occurred during the follow-up period. According to the X-ray examination of the patients, we found that all the fractures healed smoothly, the healing time was 10–12 weeks, with an average of 11.5 weeks. After the operation, the patients complained that the shoulder joint pain was obviously relieved, and there was no influence on the activity due to shoulder joint pain and discomfort in daily life. The VAS score of these patients ranged from 0 to 3, with an average of 0.52 ± 0.73. At the last follow-up, the constant murlev score of these patients ranged from 83 to 97, with an average of 92.33 ± 7.55. The ases score of these patients ranged from 81 to 98, with an average of 93.15 ± 6.93. At the last follow-up, there was no significant difference in the range of motion of the unaffected limb。
Conclusion

This study demonstrates that technique of W-shaped suture can effectively fix the fracture of greater tuberosity of humerus. This technique can disperse the shear force and torsion force of suture, and increase the fixed area to promote healing, which is an effective treatment method.
Outcome of Delayed Surgery in Treatment of Acute Traumatic Central Cord Syndrome without Fracture or Instability: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Binbin , Huang Yuemian , Yang Haozhi , Zou Xiaobao , Ni Ling , Ge Su , Zhang Shuang , Chen Yuyue , Ma Xiangyang
Published: August 2020

Background: The optimal surgical timing for acute traumatic central cord syndrome (ATCCS) without fracture or instability has not been established. The purpose of this study is to explore the outcome of delayed surgery in treatment of ATCCS and to investigate potential factors associated with postoperative neurological improvement.
Methods: Patients who underwent delayed surgery for ATCCS with at least 2 year follow up time were retrospectively reviewed. Parameters including age, gender, traumatic mechanism, interval to operation, surgical procedures, and complications were collected. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to determine levels of spinal cord signal change and concomitant pathology. American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores were evaluated and compared at admission and the 2 year follow-up visit for neurologic function assessment. Correlations of neurological improvement and age, traumatic mechanism, interval to operation, surgical procedures, concomitant pathology, and preoperative neurological function were investigated by Spearman ’ s correlation test.
Results: A total of 39 patients (M:F=28:11, mean age 52.2±10.4 yrs) were enrolled into this study. 21 cases were caused by falls followed by 16 by motor-vehicle accidents and 2 by sports. 19 patients presented with preexisting cervical disc herniation (CDH)，12 with spinal canal stenosis (SCS), 5 with OPLL, and 3 with a combined pathology of CDH and CS. 14 samples received ACDF procedure, 8 obtained ACCF, and 17 underwent posterior unilateral open-door laminoplasty. The mean interval from trauma to surgery was 20.8±3.7 days. All cases except three (ASIA B) showed improvement of ASIA grades with a mean improvement of 1.1±0.5 grades at 2-year follow-up. JOA scores significantly improved from 6.3±3.1 points at admission to 11.4±3.9 points at 2-year follow up. No difference of neurological improvement was found between different procedures groups. No correlation was showed between neurological improvement and age, concomitant pathology, traumatic mechanism, interval to operation, surgical procedures, or preoperative neurological function.
Conclusions: Delayed surgery was a feasible and effective therapy for ATCCS without fracture or instability although long-term outcome and more details still need to be investigated.
Augmented plate causes bone resorption in reconstruction of large segmental femur defects with induced membrane technique
Authors: Yu Shengpeng , Yin Bao , Wang Shulin , Jia Chao , Li Shu , Xie Zhao
Published: August 2020

Purposes: Large segmental femur bone defect is a serious clinical problem. Limited study have been reported to optimize the fixation during the second stage of induced membrane technique. We would like to report our new findings in two different fixation method with this technique. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 56 cases with large segmental femur defects and treated with induced membrane technique from January 2013 to December 2017. Patients were separated into two groups according to different fixation method during the second stage and followed at least 2 years. Bacteria culture, treatment outcome, and complication were collected and analysed. Results: Patients with an average age of 41.8 years old had an average of 2.6 surgical history. Bone defects were 8.93 cm in average ( 4-16.8 cm). Though 20 complications were noticed in this series, 85.7% (48/56) of the cases acquired bone union during their final follow up. However, 57.6%(15/26) of the cases observed obvious bone resorption near the plate in augmented plate group. And this resulted to lower bone union rate was calculated when compared with intramedullary nail group (P = 0.019). Insufficient bone grafting material is another main reason resulted nonunion and verified in 5 cases. Conclusions: Augmented plate will resulted bone resorption and leads to nonunion in induced membrane technique. The plate should be fixated outside the membrane if necessary. Insufficient bone grafting material when grafting is a easily neglectful problem, and proper measures should be taken with cautious.
The effect of limited versus no tourniquet use on rapid recovery in total knee replacement--a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yin Jiandong , Wang XinLing , Zuo Biao , Chen Fei , Yu Yang
Published: August 2020

Background: Tourniquets are widely used in TKA, but few articles state the difference in postoperative effects between restricting tourniquet use and not.Objective:We hoping that this experiment will look at the effect of limited tourniquet use on enhanced recovery in TKA. Methods: 150 patients who received TKA in the Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM from June 2018 to December 2019 were randomly selected and randomly divided into 3 groups: ①limited use tourniquet group: after the completion of osteotomy, tourniquet was applied only when the prosthesis was installed, ②second half tourniquet group: Install prosthesis until suture is complete ③ no tourniquet group: no tourniquet was used throughout. The postoperative venous blood hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, visual analogue scale and HSS score were compared among the three groups. Results: Compared with the restricted use of tourniquet group, the visual analogue scale of knee joint pain and venous blood C-reactive protein level at 1 and 3 d after operation and hemoglobin level at 1 d after operation in the second half of tourniquet group increased and the HSS score at 3 and 7 d after operation decreased (P <0.05).No significant differences in visual analogue scale,HSS score,C-reactive,and hemoglobin between the restricted tourniquet and the no tourniquet. Conclusion: The results confirmed that the use of tourniquet in the second half of TKA would aggravate the early postoperative pain. In the effect of early rehabilitation, there is no significant between limited use of tourniquet or no use.
Assessment of Intracellular Calcium and Plasmalemmal Membrane Potential in Cryopreserved Metaphase II Mouse Oocytes
Authors: Ammar Omar Farhan , Moodley Therishnee
Published: August 2020

Objectives: Ca2+ is critical for normal oocyte activation and fertilization, and any alteration to the Ca2+ homeostasis may lead to failed fertilization or even cell death. It has been shown that intracellular Ca2+ is increased in bovine and human oocytes when cultured in vitro. Additionally, ATP sensitive potassium channels have been characterised recently in human and Xenopus oocytes Glibenclamide a KATP channel blocker was shown to protect human oocytes from Ca+2 overloading. None of these studies have been conducted in mouse oocytes to determine if they are a suitable alternative to human oocytes in the research setting. Thus, this research note aims to demonstrate if cryopreserved metaphase II (MII) mouse oocytes show similar Ca+2 and plasmalemmal membrane potential dynamics to those in human oocytes. Also, to show if glibenclamide influences Ca+2, and plasmalemmal membrane potential in cryopreserved metaphase II mouse oocytes. Results: our data did not show an increase in intracellular Ca2+ in untreated cryopreserved mouse oocytes loaded with Fluo-3 AM dye. However, an increase in the plasmalemmal membrane potential was noticed (hyperpolarization). Glibenclamide has shown no significant effect on Ca+2, mitochondrial and plasmalemmal membrane potential.
Experiences of Patients Undergoing Bowel Preparation and Colonoscopy- A Qualitative Longitudinal Study
Authors: Shamim Sara , Andresen Yvette Lena Margareta , Thaysen Henriette Vind , Jakobsen Ida Hovdenak , Nielsen Jannie , Danielsen Anne Kjærgaard , Konradsen Hanne
Published: August 2020

Background: Colonoscopy remains the reference standard for diagnosing and monitoring colorectal cancer and is also used for both diagnosis and surveillance of inflammatory bowel disease and it. Previous studies have shown that the preparation procedure was unpleasant for the patients, and they felt anxious about it alongside the anxiety related to the colonoscopy and the results. However, there is a limited knowledge of the patients’ needs when undergoing colonoscopy and the challenges within. The purpose of the study was to explore experiences of undergoing bowel preparation and colonoscopy.Methods: The study was designed as a qualitative longitudinal interview study with an inductive research approach. Twenty-five face to face interviews and twenty-one follow up interviews were conducted based on a semi structured interview guide. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, and results reported according to COREQ guidelines.Results: Based on the findings, three categories emerged: To weigh up participation, A greater challenge than expected, and Not so challenging after all. Throughout these categories the experience of uncertainty was reported.Conclusions: The process of undergoing bowel preparation and colonoscopy was complex and influenced by uncertainty due to insufficient information. There is a need to strengthen the patient-centered care by adjusting the information to patient’s needs. It is necessary to tailor the written information to meet patients’ needs to better support them in decision-making for participation, to better prepare them for the bowel preparation and to better prepare them for the procedure. In addition, it is vital that patients are provided with results of the colonoscopy that correspond to the timeframe specified in written the information.
Pathways of Nurses in Long-term Care Hospitals: Seeking Work-life Balance
Authors: Kim Samsook , Lee Ga Eon , Bowers Barbara , Jo Yeonjae
Published: August 2020

Background: This study explores the pathways of nurses in LTCHs and its underlying conditions in Korea. Nursing shortage in long-term care setting has been a worldwide concern. Although the factors of staying or leaving of nurses in long term care hospitals (LTCHs) have been reported, few studies have examined the trajectory and conditions of nurses staying in and leaving LTCHs.Methods: A qualitative study design with a grounded theory approach was conducted. Data were collected in one to one interviews. Purposive and theoretical sampling led to the inclusion of 17 registered nurses with diverse characteristics from 14 LTCHs in a metropolitan city in South Korea. Individual, in-depth interviews were conducted. Data collection and analysis coincided. Data were analyzed using open and focused coding, constant comparison, theoretical sampling and memoing, and this enabled the construction of a substantive theory.Results: Seeking work-life balance was the core category of nurses’ pathway. Consequences of nurses’ pathway were categorized into three groups: thriving, surviving, and leaving. Thriving nurses in LTCHs found meaning in their work, fostered good relationships, and saw opportunities for growth. Surviving nurses in LTCHs were enduring their jobs in LTCHs, having a work-life balance, and supportive nursing leader. Leaving group nurses wished to leave LTCHs due to lack of professional growth, unappealing work, continuing conflict, and social stigma. However, compensation, work system, and interpersonal relationships were the common moving conditions for all three groups.Conclusions: This study provided the trajectory and conditions of nurses to enter, stay, move, or leave at LTCHs. Understanding the pathways for staying or leaving can be used as a strategy for successful retention of registered nurses in LTCHs.
The observation on curative effect of Shouhuitongbian capsule in the treatment of functional constipation: A real world study
Authors: Zhang Hongxi , Han Bao , Zhang Zhiyun , Yu Yongduo , Tian Zhenguo
Published: August 2020

Background: Chronic constipation is a common disease caused by a variety of reasons. This study was to observe the improvements on symptoms, quality of life and satisfaction of patients with functional constipation by Shouhuitongbian capsule, and evaluate its safety.Methods: The study was divided into four groups according to the duration of disease. The primary observational indicators were efficacy and safety of Shouhuitongbian capsule after 14 days of treatment, and changes of Wexner score of intestinal function. Effect of Shouhuitongbian capsule on quality of life of patients, and the long-term efficacy and safety of taking capsule after 1 month, 2 months and 3 months were used as secondary observational indicators .Results: The results showed that the improvement effect of capsules on 14th day was better that on the 7th day (P＜0.001). Besides, compared with patients with longer duration of disease, the improvement effect of patients with shorter duration of disease was better (P＜0.001). The long-term improvement effect of patients taking capsules was greater than the short-term improvement effect (P＜0.001). The long-term improvement of patients with shorter duration of disease after taking capsules was more effective than that of patients with longer duration of disease (P＜0.001).Conclusion: The experimental results provide a strong/powerful/ convincing evidence for the re-evaluation of efficacy and safety of Shouhuitongbian capsule after its marketing.
Health-related Quality of Life in Children With Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma: A Case Control Study
Authors: Dai Shiyi , Yang Kaiying , Qiu Tong , Zhou Jiangyuan , Zhang Xuepeng , Chen Siyuan , Li Lizhi , Ji Yi
Published: August 2020

Background and objective: Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare, aggressive and borderline vascular tumor mainly occurring in infants and children. The aim of this study was to determine the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children with KHE. Methods: A total of 91 children with KHE participated in this cross-sectional study. The HRQOL was assessed by the age-specific Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0 (PedsQL™ 4.0) Infant Scales, Family Information Form (FIF), Family Impact Module (FIM) and Generic Core Scales (GCS). For comparison, demographically matched healthy children were recruited as a control group. The main outcome measure of HRQOL was analyzed in the two groups. We determined related factors that influenced the HRQOL in children with KHE and their parents by using a stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: Except for social and cognitive functioning, we found significant differences in the PedsQL™ 4.0 Infant Scales subscales between the patient group and healthy group ( P <0.05). In the PedsQL™ 4.0 GCS, all the subscales were significantly different between the patient group and the healthy group ( P <0.05). Additionally, in the ≤24 month age group, there were significant differences in the HRQOL between patients with and without Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) in physical, physical symptoms, emotional and cognitive functioning ( P <0.05). In the >24 month age group, physical, emotional and social functioning were significantly different between the patients with and without activity dysfunction ( P <0.05). Conclusions: The findings presented here suggest that patients with KHE have a poor HRQOL. KMP and activity dysfunction are risk factors for poor HRQOL in patients with KHE. However, lesion size, lesion location and education level of the mother and father were not related to the HRQOL.
An investigation of honey bee virus prevalence in managed honey bees (Apis mellifera and Apis cerana) undergone colony losses: a case study in China
Authors: Deng Yanchun , Zhang Li , Jiang Xuejian , Yang Sa , Deng Shuai , Hou Chunsheng
Published: August 2020

Objective: In the absence of known clinical symptoms, viruses were considered to be the most probable key pathogens of honey bee. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of honey bee viruses in managed Apis mellifera and Apis cerana in China. Results: We conducted a screening of 9 honey bee viruses on A. mellifera and A. cerana samples collected from 54 apiaries from 13 provinces in China. We found that the types and numbers of viruses significantly differed between A. mellifera and A. cerana. Black queen cell virus (BQCV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), Apis mellifera filamentous virus (AmFV) and Kakugo virus (DWV-C/KV) were the primary viruses found in A. mellifera colonies, whereas Chinese sacbrood bee virus (CSBV) and sacbrood bee virus (SBV) were the primary viruses found in A. cerana. The percentage infection of BQCV and CSBV were 84.6% and 61.6% in all detected samples. We first detected the occurrences of Varroa destructor virus-1(VDV-1, DWV-B) and DWV-C/KV in China but not ABPV in both A. mellifera and A. cerana.