bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Children as innovators: harnessing the creative expertise of children to address practical and psychosocial challenges of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic – COVISION study protocol
Authors: McAneney Helen , Shier Harry , Gibbs Lisa , Davies Carmel , De Brún Aoife , Tisdall Kay M. , Corrigan Carmel , Kelly Ayrton , Owens Jacinta , Okoli Onyinye , Wall Tracey , Alves Hayda , Kongats Krystyna , Krishna Revathi N. , Sheppard-LeMoine Debbie , Wagner Fernando A. , Wang Jieh-Jiuh , Mutch Carol , Kroll Thilo , Somanadhan Suja
Published: February 2022

Background:We are currently in a period of transition, from the pre-COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) era and the initial reactive lockdowns, to now the ongoing living with and potentially the after COVID-19 period. Each country is at its own individual stage of this transition, but many have gone through a period of feeling adrift; disconnected from normal lives, habits and routines, finding oneself betwixt and between stages, similar to that of liminality. Children and young people have been particularly affected.

Aim:To increase the understanding of home and community-based strategies that contribute to children and young people’s capacity to adjust to societal changes, both during and after pandemics. Moreover, to identify ways in which children’s actions contribute to the capacity of others to adjust to the changes arising from the pandemic. The potential for these activities to influence and contribute to broader social mobilisation will be examined and promoted.

Research design:To achieve the aim of this study, a participatory health research approach will be taken. The overarching theoretical framework of the COVISION study is that of liminality. The study design includes four work packages: two syntheses of literature (a rapid realist review and scoping review) to gain an overview of the emerging international context of evidence of psychosocial mitigations and community resilience in pandemics, and more specifically COVID-19; qualitative explorationof children and young people’s perspective of COVID-19viacreative outlets and reflections; and participatory learning and action through co-production.
Streamlined processing and analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data with OCMS_16S and OCMSlooksy
Authors: Yen Sandi , Johnson Jethro , Ilott Nicholas E.
Published: February 2022

16S rRNA gene sequencing is a cost-effective method for profiling the bacterial component of a microbiome. Nevertheless, processing and analysis of the resulting sequencing data is often constrained by the availability of dedicated bioinformaticians - creating a bottleneck for biological interpretation.

Multiple visualisation and analysis tools now exist for downstream analysis of 16S rRNA data. These tools are designed with biological scientists in mind and therefore consist of a graphical user interface that interacts with taxonomic counts tables to perform tasks such as alpha- and beta-diversity analysis and differential abundance. However, generating the input to these applications still relies on bioinformatics experience, creating a disconnect between data processing and data analysis.

We aimed to bridge the gap between data processing and data analysis. To do this we have created two tools - OCMS_16S and OCMSlooksy - that perform data processing and data visualisation/analysis, respectively. OCMS_16S is a cgat-core based pipeline that wraps DADA2 functionality in order to facilitate processing of raw sequence reads into tables of amplicon sequence variant (ASV) counts using a simple command line interface. OCMSlooksy is an RShiny application that takes an OCMS_16S-generated SQLite database as input to facilitate data exploration and analysis. Combining these tools provides a simple, user-friendly workflow to facilitate 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data analysis from raw reads to results.
Prevalence of multimorbidity and associated treatment burden in primary care settings in Kerala: a cross-sectional study in Malappuram District, Kerala, India
Authors: Ismail Sunaib , Stanley Antony , Jeemon Panniyammakal
Published: February 2022

Background: Multimorbidity or co-existence of two or more chronic conditions is common and associated with reduced quality of life and increased risk of death. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and pattern of multimorbidity in primary care settings in Kerala and the associated treatment burden, and quality of life.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 540 adult participants in Malappuram District, Kerala. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was employed. Hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression and anxiety screening were done by trained medical professionals. The remaining medical conditions were self-reported by the respondent and verified with patient held health records. The health-related quality of life [HRQoL] was measured using the EQ-5D-5L tool. The MTBQ tool was used for measuring the multimorbidity treatment burden. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with multi-morbidity.

Results: Overall, the prevalence of multi-morbidity was 39.8% (35.7 – 44.1). The prevalence of multi-morbidity among men (42.6%) was relatively higher than that in women (38.1%). Lower educational attainment, higher age group, and overweight or obesity status were independently associated with higher prevalence of multimorbidity. The most common pairs of coexisting chronic conditions reported in the study were hypertension and diabetes in males (66.7%) and females (70.8%). All domains of quality of life were impaired in individuals with multimorbidity.

Conclusion: Multimorbidity is a norm and affects two of five participants seeking care in primary care settings in Kerala. The social gradient in the prevalence of multimorbidity was evident with higher prevalence in individuals with low educational attainment. Multimorbidity seriously impairs quality of life and increases treatment burden. The focus of management should move beyond individual diseases, and pivot towards interventions targeting multi-morbidity management, with a specific focus for people living in lower socio-economic strata.
From Imperial Trade to Ethnic Business? The Economic Consequences of the Tartu Peace Treaty and the Bank G. Scheel & Co.
Authors: Feest David
Published: February 2022

Artikkel uurib Tartu rahuga kaasnenud majanduslike muutuste üht tahku, nn etnilise äri tähtsust ebakindlatel aegadel usalduse loomisel panga Georg Scheel & Co näitel. Enamik Scheeli panga kliente kuulus baltisaksa eliidi hulka, mistõttu mängis pank Eesti Vabariigis tegutsenud sakslaste kultuuri- ja sotsiaalelus keskset rolli. Artiklis aga näidatakse, et panga direktor Klaus Scheel oli aktiivne ka nn rahvuslikult ükskõiksete ning eestlaste ringkondades.

Eesti Vabariigi panganduselu pöördepunktiks võib lugeda 1920. aastat, mil nii Scheeli pank kui ka eestlastele kuulunud pangad rikastusid, kaubeldes Nõukogude Venemaalt tulnud kullaga, mis aitas luua uusi kontakte ja võimalusi nii isiklikul kui ka ärilisel tasandil. Kuigi saksa ühendused moodustasid Scheeli jaoks olulise usaldusvõrgustiku, ei olnud tema eesmärk vana korra taastamine. Koos eestlastest kolleegidega kuulus Scheel uute ärimeeste ja poliitikute ringkonda, kes kasutasid ära uues olukorras tekkinud võimalusi. Nad vaatasid tulevikku ja nende tegevuspiirkond oli vastloodud Eesti Vabariik.
Od okupacji do pandemii. O wariantach piosenki "Siekiera, motyka" i jej roli w sytuacjach traumatycznych
Authors: Łopatyńska Hanna M.
Published: February 2022

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie żywotności piosenki Siekiera, motyka i roli, jaką odgrywa ona w polskiej kulturze w sytuacjach traumatycznych. W czasie II wojny światowej liczne warianty tego utworu, które powstawały na bazie żołnierskiej piosenki z 1917 r., śpiewali uliczni wykonawcy. Po wojnie stał się on popularny dzięki filmowi Zakazane piosenki z 1946 r., a jego wojenne wersje były później wykorzystywane przez wielu artystów. Kolejne kontrafaktury Siekiery pojawiły się w czasach PRL-u, a zwłaszcza podczas stanu wojennego, jako przejaw walki z komunistyczną władzą, co świadczy o silnych skojarzeniach piosenki z ruchem oporu. Obecnie incipit „Siekiera, motyka…” jest nadal wykorzystywany do tworzenia rymowanek komentujących współczesne wydarzenia. Nowe wersje Siekiery powstały również w związku z pandemią koronawirusa. W tym przypadku wrogiem, zamiast niemieckiego okupanta i komunistycznego reżimu, był wirus. Wersje z różnych czasów mają wiele cech wspólnych, np. silne osadzenie we współczesnych realiach, przywoływanie nazwisk znanych postaci, żartobliwe sformułowania. Pojawiają się w sytuacjach napięć społecznych, dezorganizacji, służą do oswajania nowej rzeczywistości i traumatycznych przeżyć.
Network Formation and Bargaining in Vertical Markets: The Case of Narrow Networks in Health Insurance
Authors: Ghili Soheil
Published: February 2022

This paper develops a model that captures which contracts are signed and on what terms in a market with a network of firms.
Culture of Self-presentation as an Indicator of Individual Style of Professional Activity of the Future Teacher
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Shama Irina
Published: February 2022

The article reveals the essential characteristics of individual style of professional activity of future teachers, modern scientific approaches to the phenomenon of self-presentation of personality in various spheres of life and theory of self-presentation (motivational, personal, situational, behavioral), psychological aspects of self-presentation. Main points of self-presentation as a result, means and activities, types, strategies, basic techniques of self-presentation (verbal and nonverbal) are characterized. The peculiarities of the teacher's self-presentation in the context of his professional image are determined. The concept of «culture of self-presentation», it’s components of modern specialists are characterized. The essence and functions of the culture of self-presentation in the context of forming an individual style of professional activity of the future teacher are specified. Modern requirements for self-presentation of a teacher in the Internet space are considered. Interactive technologies, forms and methods of forming the culture of self-presentation of the future teacher in the process of professional training (case technology, role-playing games, training sessions, etc.) are represented.
Historical Preconditions for the Formation of Deontological Competence of Specialists in the Field of Health Care
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Huzhva Olena
Published: February 2022

The article reveals the historical preconditions for the formation of deontological competence of health professionals as a personality trait of the health workers, which allows them to interact productively with internal (professional) and external (social) environment, provides successful personal and professional interaction with patients and effective organization and solving professional problems. The peculiarities of ethical views and deontological models that have existed in health care during the historical development of mankind are considered; the essence of Hippocratic ethics and its further development are outlined. The main international and national legal documents and codes of ethics, which are the basis for regulating the relationship between doctor and patient, and determine the structure of deontological competencies are analyzed. It is determined that the moral and ethical principles and rules of professional behaviour in the field of health care have been formed, changed and improved over the course of historical development, shifting the emphasis from the interpersonal relationship between patient and doctor to ensure the ethics of the entire health care system.
Allergic rhinitis: diagnosis and management
Authors: Siddiqui ZA , Walker A , Pirwani MM , Tahiri M , Syed I
Published: February 2022

Allergic rhinitis affects 20% of the population of the UK. It confers a significant health burden upon the individual as it affects the patient's quality of life and is associated with serious comorbidities including asthma, sinusitis and conjunctivitis. Owing to its prevalence, it has a significant economic impact through its effects on education, productivity and use of healthcare resources. This review focuses on the management of allergic rhinitis and potential future treatments, because of the lack of clear national guidelines and because this illness is often misdiagnosed and mismanaged. The article provides a comprehensive overview of allergic rhinitis and illustrates the assessment criteria for various subcategories.
Spectral Slater index of tournaments
Authors: Boussaïri Abderrahim , Chaïchaâ Abdelhak , Chergui Brahim , Ezzahir Sara , Lakhlifi Soufiane , Mahzoum Soukaïna
Published: February 2022

The Slater index $i(T)$ of a tournament $T$ is the minimum number of arcs that must be reversed to make $T$ transitive. In this paper, we define a parameter $\Lambda(T)$ from the spectrum of the skew-adjacency matrix of $T$, called the spectral Slater index. This parameter is a measure of remoteness between the spectrum of $T$ and that of a transitive tournament. We show that $\Lambda(T)\leq8\, i(T)$ and we characterize the tournaments with maximal spectral Slater index. As an application, an improved lower bound on the Slater index of doubly regular tournaments is given.
Compact fiber-optic Fabry–Perot cavity based on sandwich structure adopting direct bonding of quartz glass
Authors: Hua Xiaoqiang , Zheng Yongqiu , Chen Jiamin , Wu Liyun , Zhao Xinyu , Li Zonghao , Gao Xiaoyu , Zhou Chenzheng , Gao Rui , Li Jiawei , Bai Jiandong , Zhang Zhidong , Xue Chenyang
Published: February 2022

A compact fiber-optic Fabry–Perot (F-P) cavity for a sensor is designed based on a sandwich structure, adopting direct bonding of quartz glass. The reflective F-P cavity is manufactured by a fiber optic with a quartz glass ferrule and the sandwich structure with an air cavity, which is achieved by direct bonding of quartz glass. This fabrication process includes plasma surface activation, hydrophilic pre-bonding, high-temperature annealing, and dicing. The cross section of the bonding interface tested by a scanning electron microscope indicates that the sandwich structure is well bonded, and the air cavity is not deformed. Experiments show that the quality factor of the F-P cavity is 2711. Tensile strength testing shows that the bond strength exceeds 35 MPa. The advantage of direct bonding of quartz glass is that high consistency and mass production of the cavity can be realized. Moreover, the cavity is free of problems caused by the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients between different materials. Therefore, the F–P cavity can be made into a sensor, which is promising in detecting air pressure, acoustic and high temperature.
Unconventional phonon blockade via atom-photon-phonon interaction in hybrid optomechanical systems
Authors: Wang Mei , Yin Tai-Shuang , Sun Zhao-Yu , Cheng Hong-Guang , Zhan Bi-Fu , Zheng Li-Li
Published: February 2022

Phonon nonlinearities play an important role in hybrid quantum networks and on-chip quantum devices. We investigate the phonon statistics of a mechanical oscillator in hybrid systems composed of an atom and one or two standard optomechanical cavities. An efficiently enhanced atom-phonon interaction can be derived via a tripartite atom-photon-phonon interaction, where the atom-photon coupling depends on the mechanical displacement without practically changing a cavity frequency. This novel mechanism of optomechanical interactions, as predicted recently by Cotrufo et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 133603 (2017)10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.133603], is fundamentally different from standard ones. In the enhanced atom-phonon coupling, the strong phonon nonlinearity at a single-excitation level is obtained in the originally weak-coupling regime, which leads to the appearance of phonon blockade. Moreover, the optimal parameter regimes are presented both for the cases of one and two cavities. We compared phonon-number correlation functions of different orders for mechanical steady states generated in the one-cavity hybrid system, revealing the occurrence of phonon-induced tunneling and different types of phonon blockade. Our approach offers an alternative method to generate and control a single phonon in the quantum regime and could have potential applications in single-phonon quantum technologies.
Urban objects classification using Mueller matrix polarimetry and machine learning
Authors: Estévez Irene , Oliveira Filipe , Braga-Fernandes Pedro , Oliveira Miguel , Rebouta Luís , Vasilevskiy Mikhail I.
Published: February 2022

Detecting and recognizing different kinds of urban objects is an important problem, in particular, in autonomous driving. In this context, we studied the potential of Mueller matrix polarimetry for classifying a set of relevant real-world objects: vehicles, pedestrians, traffic signs, pavements, vegetation and tree trunks. We created a database with their experimental Mueller matrices measured at 1550 nm and trained two machine learning classifiers, support vector machine and artificial neural network, to classify new samples. The overall accuracy of over 95% achieved with this approach, with either models, reveals the potential of polarimetry, specially combined with other remote sensing techniques, to enhance object recognition.
Cascaded nonlinear optical gain modulation for coherent femtosecond pulse generation
Authors: Qi Weiao , Zhou Jiaqi , Cao Xinru , Cheng Zhi , Jiang Huawei , Cui Shuzhen , Feng Yan
Published: February 2022

Nonlinear optical gain modulation (NOGM) is a method to generate high performance ultrafast pulses with wavelength versatility. Here we demonstrate coherent femtosecond Raman pulse generation through cascaded NOGM process experimentally. Two single-frequency seed lasers (1121 and 1178 nm) are gain-modulated by 117 nJ 1064 nm picosecond pulses in a Raman fiber amplifier. Second-order (1178 nm) Stokes pulses are generated, which have a pulse energy of 76 nJ (corresponding to an optical conversion efficiency of 65%) with a pulse duration of 621 fs (after compression). Dynamic evolution of both pump and cascaded Stokes pulses within the Raman amplifier are investigated by numerical simulations. The influences of pump pulse duration and energy are studied in detail numerically. Moreover, the simulations reveal that NOGM pulses with higher energy and shorter pulse duration could be obtained by limiting the impact of walk-off effect between pump and Raman pulses. This approach can offer a high energy and wavelength-agile ultrafast source for various applications such as optical metrology and biomedical imagining.
Electrooptic control of the modal distribution in a silicate fiber
Authors: Pereira João M. B. , Grüner-Nielsen Lars , Rottwitt Karsten , Town Graham , Laurell Fredrik , Margulis Walter
Published: February 2022

We demonstrate the use of the electrooptic effect to control the propagation constant of the guided modes in silicate few mode fibers with internal electrodes. The electrooptic effect induces a perturbation of the fiber’s refractive index profile that controls intermodal interference. To increase the electrooptic effect the silicate fibers are poled. The response time is in the nanosecond range.
Metasurfaces with high-Q resonances governed by topological edge state
Authors: Gu Zhidong , Chen Jiaxin , Gao Bofeng , Wu Wei , Zhao Zhenyu , Cai Wei , Zhang Xinzheng , Ren Mengxin , Xu Jingjun
Published: February 2022

Achieving high-quality (Q)-factor resonances in metasurfaces is essential for various applications, including nano-lasers, nonlinear optics, and quantum optics. In this work, we propose a high-Q metasurface using a topological strategy: constructing the metasurface by stacking two conjugated nanopillar arrays with different topological invariants. Our study shows that a topological edge state steadily appears at the interfaces of the nanopillars, and a sharp transmission resonance with a Q-factor of more than 1000 can be obtained. The sensing application of such high-Q topological metasurface is also demonstrated, whose figure of merit reaches approximately 145. The proposed strategy and underlying theory can open up new avenues to realize ultrasharp resonances, which can promote numerous potential applications, such as biosensing, optical modulation, and slow-light devices.
Comparative analyses of parasites with a comprehensive database of genome-scale metabolic models
Authors: Carey Maureen A. , Medlock Gregory L. , Stolarczyk Michał , Petri William A. , Guler Jennifer L. , Papin Jason A.
Published: February 2022

Protozoan parasites cause diverse diseases with large global impacts. Research on the pathogenesis and biology of these organisms is limited by economic and experimental constraints. Accordingly, studies of one parasite are frequently extrapolated to infer knowledge about another parasite, across and within genera. Modelin vitroorin vivosystems are frequently used to enhance experimental manipulability, but these systems generally use species related to, yet distinct from, the clinically relevant causal pathogen. Characterization of functional differences among parasite species is confined topost hocor single target studies, limiting the utility of this extrapolation approach. To address this challenge and to accelerate parasitology research broadly, we present a functional comparative analysis of 192 genomes, representing every high-quality, publicly-available protozoan parasite genome includingPlasmodium,Toxoplasma,Cryptosporidium,Entamoeba,Trypanosoma,Leishmania,Giardia, and other species. We generated an automated metabolic network reconstruction pipeline optimized for eukaryotic organisms. These metabolic network reconstructions serve as biochemical knowledgebases for each parasite, enabling qualitative and quantitative comparisons of metabolic behavior across parasites. We identified putative differences in gene essentiality and pathway utilization to facilitate the comparison of experimental findings and discovered that phylogeny is not the sole predictor of metabolic similarity. This knowledgebase represents the largest collection of genome-scale metabolic models for both pathogens and eukaryotes; with this resource, we can predict species-specific functions, contextualize experimental results, and optimize selection of experimental systems for fastidious species.
A national HIV clinical mentorship program: Enabling Zambia to accelerate control of the HIV epidemic
Authors: Boyd Mary Adetinuke , Fwoloshi Sombo , Minchella Peter A. , Simpungwe James , Siansalama Terence , Barradas Danielle T. , Shah Minesh , Mulenga Lloyd , Agolory Simon
Published: February 2022

Although Zambia has increased the proportion of people living with HIV (PLHIV) who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in recent years, progress toward HIV epidemic control remains inconsistent. Some districts are still failing to meet the UNAIDS 90/90/90 targets where 90% of PLHIV should know their status, 90% of those diagnosed should be on ART, and 90% of those on ART should achieve viral load suppression (VLS) by 2020. Providing consistently excellent HIV services at all ART health facilities is critical for achieving the UNAIDS 90/90/90 targets and controlling the HIV epidemic in Zambia. Zambia Ministry of Health, in collaboration with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), aimed to achieve these targets through establishing a national HIV clinical mentorship program in which government-employed mentors were assigned to specific facilities with a mandate to identify and ameliorate programmatic challenges. Mentors were hired, trained and deployed to individual facilities in four provinces to mentor staff on quality HIV clinical and program management. The pre-mentorship period was July 2018–September 2018 and the post-mentorship period was July 2019–September 2019. Review of key programmatic indicators from the pre and post-deployment periods revealed the proportion of people who had a positive HIV test result out of those tested increased from 4.2% to 6.8% (P <0.001) as fewer HIV tests were needed despite the number of PLHIV being identified and placed on ART increasing from 492,613 to 521,775, and VLS increased from 84.8% to 90.1% (p <0.001). Key considerations in the establishment of an HIV clinical mentorship program include having a government-led process of regular site level data review and continuous clinical mentorship underpinned by quality improvement methodology.
Mechanisms involved in suppression of osteoclast supportive activity by transforming growth factor-β1 via the ubiquitin-proteasome system
Authors: Inoue Momoko , Nagai-Yoshioka Yoshie , Yamasaki Ryota , Kawamoto Tatsuo , Nishihara Tatsuji , Ariyoshi Wataru
Published: February 2022

Orthodontic treatment requires the regulation of bone remodeling in both compression and tension sides. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is an important coupling factor for bone remodeling. However, the mechanism underlying the TGF-β1-mediated regulation of the osteoclast-supporting activity of osteoblasts and stromal cells remain unclear. The current study investigated the effect of TGF-β1 on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expression in stromal cells induced by 1α,25(OH)2D3(D3) and dexamethasone (Dex). TGF-β1 downregulated the expression of RANKL induced by D3and Dex in mouse bone marrow stromal lineage, ST2 cells. Co-culture system revealed that TGF-β1 suppressed osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow cell induced by D3and Dex-activated ST2 cells. The inhibitory effect of TGF-β1 on RANKL expression was recovered by inhibiting the interaction between TGF-β1 and the TGF-β type I/activin receptor or by downregulating of smad2/3 expression. Interestingly, TGF-β1 degraded the retinoid X receptor (RXR)-α protein which forms a complex with vitamin D receptor (VDR) and regulates transcriptional activity of RANKL without affecting nuclear translocation of VDR and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (STAT3). The degradation of RXR-α protein by TGF-β1 was recovered by a ubiquitin-proteasome inhibitor. We also observed that poly-ubiquitination of RXR-α protein was induced by TGF-β1 treatment. These results indicated that TGF-β1 downregulates RANKL expression and the osteoclast-supporting activity of osteoblasts/stromal cells induced by D3and Dex through the degradation of the RXR-α protein mediated by ubiquitin-proteasome system.
Predicting attitudes towards easing COVID-19 restrictions in the United States of America: The role of health concerns, demographic, political, and individual difference factors
Authors: Gerace Adam , Rigney Gabrielle , Anderson Joel R.
Published: February 2022

Despite rising cases of COVID-19 in the United States of America, several states are easing restrictions (e.g., relaxing physical distancing requirements, reopening businesses) that were imposed to limit community transmission of the virus. Individuals hold differing opinions regarding whether restrictions should continue to be imposed or lifted, evidenced, for example, by debate and protests regarding reopening of businesses and venues. Health and social psychological research suggest that perceptions of COVID-19related risk, experiences of the virus, and individual difference factors can help explain individuals’ attitudes towards health initiatives and their tendency to be persuaded towards a specific course of action. The purpose of this study was to investigate what factors influence support or opposition to easing COVID-19-related restrictions. A sample of 350 United States citizens, responding to an anonymous survey, were asked about the extent to which they support/oppose easing of COVID-19-related restrictions, both generally and in relation to specific restrictions. Respondents completed measures of their experiences of COVID-19, individual difference factors, and demographic variables, including political affiliation and degree of social and economic conservatism. In a series of regression analyses, significant demographic predictors of support or opposition for easing restrictions were gender, age, ethnicity, and education, with political affiliation and degree of social and economic conservatism also predicting attitudes. Experiences related to COVID-19 that predicted attitudes were concerns for self and family, perceptions of threat posed by the virus, perceived ability to adhere to restrictions, willingness to take government direction, and belief in COVID-19-related conspiracy theories. At an individual differences level, uncertainty avoidance, collectivism, long-term orientation, masculinity, empathic concern, personal distress, reactance, and general conspiracy theory beliefs all significantly precited attitudes to easing restrictions. Understanding the factors that help explain attitudes towards COVID-19 restrictions can inform how best to position health messaging and initiatives going forward, particularly as states or countries open borders.
Factors affecting postural instability after more than one-year bilateral subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kelemen Andrea , Halász László , Erőss Loránd , Rudas Gábor , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Zádori Dénes , Laczó Bence , Kis Dávid , Klivényi Péter , Fekete Gábor , Bognár László , Bereczki Dániel , Tamás Gertrúd
Published: February 2022

Background

Balance impairment in Parkinson’s disease is multifactorial and its changes due to subthalamic stimulation vary in different studies.

Objective

We aimed to analyze the combination of predictive clinical factors of balance impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease treated with bilateral subthalamic stimulation for at least one year.

Methods

We recruited 24 patients with Parkinson’s disease treated with bilateral subthalamic stimulation and 24 healthy controls. They wore an Opal monitor (APDM Inc.) consisting of three-dimensional gyroscopes and accelerometers in the lumbar region. We investigated four stimulation conditions (bilateral stimulation OFF, bilateral stimulation ON, and unilateral right- and left-sided stimulation ON) with four tests: stance on a plain ground with eyes open and closed, stance on a foam platform with eyes open and closed. Age, disease duration, the time elapsed after implantation, levodopa, and stimulation responsiveness were analyzed. The distance of stimulation location from the subthalamic motor center was calculated individually in each plane of the three dimensions. We analyzed the sway values in the four stimulation conditions in the patient group and compared them with the control values. We explored factor combinations (with age as confounder) in the patient group predictive for imbalance with cluster analysis and a machine‐learning‐based multiple regression method.

Results

Sway combined from the four tasks did not differ in the patients and controls on a group level. The combination of the disease duration, the preoperative levodopa responsiveness, and the stimulation responsiveness predicted individual stimulation-induced static imbalance. The more affected patients had more severe motor symptoms; primarily, the proprioceptive followed by visual sensory feedback loss provoked imbalance in them when switching on the stimulation.

Conclusions

The duration of the disease, the severity of motor symptoms, the levodopa responsiveness, and additional sensory deficits should be carefully considered during preoperative evaluation to predict subthalamic stimulation-induced imbalance in Parkinson’s disease.
Brief communication: Chest radiography score in young COVID-19 patients: Does one size fit all?
Authors: Castelli Gioele , Semenzato Umberto , Lococo Sara , Cocconcelli Elisabetta , Bernardinello Nicol , Fichera Giulia , Giraudo Chiara , Spagnolo Paolo , Cattelan Annamaria , Balestro Elisabetta
Published: February 2022

During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, chest X-Ray (CXR) scores are essential to rapidly assess patients’ prognoses. This study evaluates a published CXR score in a different national healthcare system. In our study, this CXR score maintains a prognostic role in predicting length of hospital stay, but not disease severity. However, our results show that the predictive role of CXR score could be influenced by socioeconomic status and healthcare system.
LHPE-nets: A lightweight 2D and 3D human pose estimation model with well-structural deep networks and multi-view pose sample simplification method
Authors: Wang Hao , Sun Ming-hui , Zhang Hao , Dong Li-yan
Published: February 2022

The cross-view 3D human pose estimation model has made significant progress, it better completed the task of human joint positioning and skeleton modeling in 3D through multi-view fusion method. The multi-view 2D pose estimation part of this model is very important, but its training cost is also very high. It uses some deep learning networks to generate heatmaps for each view. Therefore, in this article, we tested some new deep learning networks for pose estimation tasks. These deep networks include Mobilenetv2, Mobilenetv3, Efficientnetv2 and Resnet. Then, based on the performance and drawbacks of these networks, we built multiple deep learning networks with better performance. We call our network in this article LHPE-nets, which mainly includes Low-Span network and RDNS network. LHPE-nets uses a network structure with evenly distributed channels, inverted residuals, external residual blocks and a framework for processing small-resolution samples to achieve training saturation faster. And we also designed a static pose sample simplification method for 3D pose data. It implemented low-cost sample storage, and it was also convenient for models to read these samples. In the experiment, we used several recent models and two public estimation indicators. The experimental results show the superiority of this work in fast start-up and network lightweight, it is about 1-5 epochs faster than the Resnet-34 during training. And they also show the accuracy improvement of this work in estimating different joints, the estimated performance of approximately 60% of the joints is improved. Its performance in the overall human pose estimation exceeds other networks by more than 7mm. The experiment analyzes the network size, fast start-up and the performance in 2D and 3D pose estimation of the model in this paper in detail. Compared with other pose estimation models, its performance has also reached a higher level of application.
A társadalmi kapcsolatháló-elemzés szociometriai gyökerei
Authors: Szántó Zoltán
Published: February 2022

Tanulmányunk két fő részből áll. Az elsőben röviden összefoglaljuk a szociometriai vizsgálatok néhány jellemzőjét, mivel a szociometriát a társadalmi kapcsolatháló-elemzés1 módszertani szempontból legfontosabb elmélettörténeti előzményének tekintjük. Továbbá amellett érvelünk, hogy a kapcsolathálóelemzést – bizonyos szempontok szerint – a szociometria általánosításaként is felfoghatjuk. A második részben a kapcsolatháló-elemzés főbb modelljeit és módszereit mutatjuk be egy hipotetikus példa elemzése révén. Ennek során külön megvizsgáljuk a gráfoknak és a mátrixoknak a kapcsolathálók ábrázolásában játszott szerepét, továbbá áttekintjük a kapcsolatháló-elemzés főbb mutatóit, s végül vázoljuk, milyen módszerekkel lehet alcsoportokat képezni a társadalmi kapcsolathálókon belül.
A társadalmi kapcsolatháló-elemzés módszertani alapjai
Authors: Kürtösi Zsófia
Published: February 2022

A társadalmi kapcsolatháló-elemzés a szociológia egyik legfiatalabb irányzata. Megjelenése a múlt század első harmadára tehető, fejlődésében azonban a 70-es évek hoztak nagy fordulatot, amikor sor került néhány fontos módszertani innováció bevezetésére. Az ekkor kidolgozásra kerülő módszertan és megközelítési mód az, ami az irányzat sajátos arculatát meghatározza. A kapcsolati megközelítés egyik kritikája éppen ezt a nagyon sajátos technikai alapot veszi célba és a „technikai apparátus kifinomultsága kapcsán egyfajta módszertani formalizmus, öncélúság veszélyét” hangsúlyozza (Tardos 1995: 77.). Az itt következő oldalakon a kapcsolatháló-elemzés néhány olyan módszertani elemét kívánom áttekinteni, melyek támaszkodnak a jelen kötetben már tárgyalt definíciókra, és kiegészítik a már bemutatott alapvető hálóelemzési technikákat.
Bevezetés a fókuszcsoportos vizsgálatba
Authors: Kitzinger Jenny
Published: February 2022

A fókuszcsoport egyfajta csoportos interjú, ami a kutatási résztvevők közötti kommunikációra épít az adatok létrehozásában. Bár a csoportos interjúkat a kutatók gyakran pusztán arra használják, hogy gyorsan és kényelmesen gyűjtsenek adatokat, a csoportoknak van egy fontos előnyös tulajdonságuk: a fókuszcsoportok a módszer részeként explicit módon felhasználják a csoportbeli interakciókat. Ez azt jelenti, hogy ahelyett, hogy a kutató azt kérné, hogy mindenki egymás után válaszoljon egyesével a kérdésekre, az embereket arra bátorítják a fókuszcsoportok során, hogy beszélgessenek egymással: tegyenek fel egymásnak kérdéseket, meséljenek egymásnak anekdotákat, mondjanak véleményt a többiek tapasztalatairól és nézeteiről. 1 A fókuszcsoportos módszer különösen hasznos az emberek tudásának és tapasztalatainak vizsgálatakor, és nemcsak arra használható, hogy megvizsgáljuk, mit gondolnak az emberek, hanem arra is, hogy miként gondolkodnak az adott témáról, és miért úgy vélekednek róla.
Vacunación contra SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19: Actualidad y perspectivas de vacunación en Colombia
Authors: James Giraldo Ingara Cristina , Rojas Hernández Juan Pablo
Published: February 2022

Antecedentes: El virus del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo tipo-2 (SARS-CoV-2), es un tipo de coronavirus causante de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), responsable del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo el cual se ha convertido en un importante problema para la salud pública mundial. Objetivo: desarrollar la revisión de tema de vacunación y su papel en la actualidad, como una posible salida a la crisis, no solo de la salud, sino también del impacto económico y social que esta pandemia ha generado. Por medio de esta revisión se evaluará las diferentes plataformas disponibles en vacunación como también los retos que afronta Colombia en el proceso de vacunación masiva en el país. Conclusiones: Gracias al esfuerzo multinacional se cuenta hoy con vacunas efectiva en menos de 1 año del inicio de la pandemia. Las opciones de vacunación son amplias y la comunidad médica debe estar adecuadamente informada sobre sus riesgos y beneficios para lograr aportar en el proceso de vacunación masiva en el país.
Ultrasound imaging for inguinal hernia: a pictorial review
Authors: Wu Wei-Ting , Chang Ke-Vin , Lin Chih-Peng , Yeh Chi-Chuan , Özçakar Levent
Published: February 2022

Inguinal hernia is the most prevalent type of abdominal wall hernia. Indirect inguinal hernia is twice as common as direct inguinal hernia. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be used to evaluate inguinal hernia, but these modalities are greatly limited by their cost and availability. Ultrasonography has emerged as the most convenient imaging tool for diagnosing inguinal hernia due to its advantages, such as portability and absence of radiation. The present pictorial review presents an overview on the use of ultrasonography in the evaluation of inguinal hernia with a particular emphasis on the regional anatomy, relevant scanning tips, identification of subtypes, postoperative follow-up, and diagnosis of pathologies mimicking inguinal hernia.
Agronegócio e a demanda por agrotóxicos no Paraná
Authors: Gaboardi Shaiane Carla , Zanetti Pessôa Candiotto Luciano
Published: February 2022

O objetivo geral desse artigo é apresentar o panorama da utilização de agrotóxicos no Paraná, e na mesorregião Sudoeste do estado, discutindo a problemática e as consequências do uso exacerbado destes produtos para o ambiente e para a saúde humana. Para tanto, os procedimentos metodológicos estão ancorados na análise de dados secundários oficiais acerca da comercialização de ingredientes ativos, da população residente, da estrutura fundiária e da especialização produtiva. Os resultados demonstram que apesar de o Paraná ter predomínio de agricultura familiar, a especialização produtiva é um traço marcante. A produção de commodities agrícolas, principalmente de soja, milho e trigo, é extremamente dependente do uso de ingredientes ativos como os herbicidas Glifosato e 2,4-D, associados ao desenvolvimento de diversos agravos à saúde humana e ambiental. Na mesorregião Sudoeste, esta realidade não se mostra diferente, o que sugere que a população está sujeita a uma alta exposição ambiental e ocupacional, de modo que as injustiças ambientais são enraizadas ao passo em que os agrotóxicos são impulsionados pelo complexo oligárquico agroquímico e pelo governo brasileiro.

Palavras-chave: Agrotóxicos. Agronegócio. Paraná.
Earthkeepers: The Relationship between Instructional Strategies on the Program Outcomes
Authors: Činčera Jan , Johnson Bruce
Published: February 2022

The study focuses on the relationship between selected characteristics of the outdoor environmental (earth) education program Earthkeepers and its impacts on students' environmental values and knowledge. It is rooted in the authors' previous research that is being both applied and reflected here. For providing empirical evidence, it uses data collected by the environmental center Lipka that implemented the program in the Czech Republic in 2020-2021 (N=80). The program successfully influenced students' environmental values and understanding based on the analyses. Students described the programs' instructional strategies as highly encouraging, experiential, empowering, and straightforward. At the same time, student descriptions of the program correlated with the environmental values they held before the program; students who viewed the program more positively also tended to be more positively influenced by the program. Implications for the practice of outdoor environmental education are also discussed.
Factors Affecting the Level of Disclosure of Human Resources for Saudi Listed Companies
Authors: Alharbi Nawal
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Human resources (HR) information is a critical tool for assessing the effectiveness of HR management and encouraging competitive advantage between companies. Disclosing this information is especially useful for prospective employees, where they are informed on the HR services available within companies. The study aims to examine the factors affecting the level of Human Resources Disclosure (HRD) in the annual reports of listed Saudi companies. Factors are classified into factors related to governance mechanisms are the size of the board of directors, the independence of board members, the number of board meetings, and the type of auditor. Factors associated with the company characteristics are profitability, leverage, liquidity, the company's age, the size of the firm, and industry type. The final study sample consists of 363 observations of 121 Saudi non-financial companies listed on the Saudi financial market during the period from 2016 to 2018. The content analysis method was used to examine the disclosure list of 19 elements of human resources, which was developed based on previous studies. EViews software was used to analyze panel data and use a multiple regression model to test the statistical relationship between relevant factors and human resource disclosure. The regression results indicate that the independence of the board of directors, the company's profitability, the company's age, and the size of the company have a significant positive effect on the level of human resources disclosure for the listed Saudi companies. Whilst the size and number of board meetings, auditor type, financial leverage, liquidity, and industry type have no impact on the level of human resource information disclosure.

Keywords: Human Resources Disclosure, Financial Reporting, Governance mechanisms, Company characteristics.
Theoretical Framework in Student Debt Research: Linking Economic, Finance and Education Theories to Student Debt Literature
Authors: Mbah Ruth Endam
Published: February 2022

There has been a growing interest in student debt research in recent years among researchers and graduate students. Student loan has become a popular means of financing the increasing cost of higher education among millennia, thus spurring the rising interest of researchers in this area. However, the availability of established theories related to the student debt topic is limited. The purpose of this study is to add to the limited literature of theories in student debt scholarship. This study links two economic theories, four finance theories, and two education theories to student debt literature. The economic theories (human capital theory and life cycle Model) emphasize the role of student loans in fostering investment in human capital and its impact on future consumption. This study also examines four debt repayment models (the debt snowball model, the balance-matching model, the debt avalanche model, and the debt consolidation model) suggested by various financial advisors on debt repayments, which postulate four distinct strategies on how debtors can settle their loans. The education theories (Tinto student departure model and John Bean’s explanatory theory of student retention model) highlight the importance of student retention at colleges to ensure college completion, which in turn increases the chances of getting a job; thus, guaranteeing loan repayment. These theories will serve as a theoretical framework guide to researchers, especially graduate students who are working on their thesis or dissertation on the student loan debt topic.
El impacto afectivo, cognitivo y conductual de los videos medioambientales: noticias, documental y TED Talk
Authors: Carrillo Quiroga Perla , Gómez Quinto Carolina , Chacón Hernández Julio César
Published: February 2022

Esta investigación propone una escala para medir tres tipos de impacto en la comunicación ambiental: cognitivo, afectivo y de motivación conductual. En un experimento, 181 participantes observaron tres videos (noticias, documental y TED Talk) y contestaron un cuestionario en escala tipo Likert de 30 ítems. En los resultados se examinó el alfa de Cronbach y el ritc de correlación ítem-total corregido, además se calcularon los índices de dificultad y la prueba de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) con todos los ítems del cuestionario. Se realizó un análisis factorial para determinar los ítems con mayor efecto en el resultado, y se observó la correlación entre tipo de formato y tipo deimpacto. Se calculó un ranking general y uno por cada tipo de impacto. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo de las respuestas abiertas con ATLAS.ti. Los hallazgos muestran que la narrativa personal, las imágenes y la percepción de autoeficacia son elementos clave en la motivación conductual.
Exploring Training Strategies to Optimize Court Performance in Older Pickleball Athletes
Authors: Terrell Sara L. , Ficquette Preston
Published: February 2022

Pickleball is one of the fastest growing racket sports in the United States because of its high social engagement and ability to facilitate physical and emotional well-being. Although participation trends indicate the sport appeals to an array of ages and abilities, the highest purported participant demographic is 55 years and older. In spite of its rising popularity, there is limited strength and conditioning research exploring training strategies for pickleball athletes. Therefore, this article details how pickleball is played, the sport's movement and physiological demands, and injury risks. An example training program targeting the older pickleball athlete is provided.