bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Inter-Instrument Reliability for Dominant Handgrip Dynamometry and Spirometry
Authors: Mgbemena Nnamdi , Jones Anne , Leicht Anthony
Published: May 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the inter-instrument reliability of different dynamometers and spirometers commonly used in clinical practice. Methods: The study involved 113 healthy volunteers across three facility sites. At each site, dominant handgrip strength (DHGS), and lung function (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC] and peak expiratory flow rate [PEFR]), were compared using a local and reference device. Assessments were randomized with five minutes rest between measurements. Significant differences between devices were assessed using paired t-test while relative reliability between devices was determined via intra-class correlations (ICC). Accuracy index and variability between measurements were assessed using the technical error of measurement (TEM%) and coefficient of variation (CV), respectively. Agreement between devices was determined using the Bland Altman’s plot with limits of agreement (LOA). Results: The local devices recorded significantly (p1 (3.1%-8.4%), FVC (3.1%-13%) compared to the reference devices. Good-excellent correlations (ICC=0.89-0.96), unacceptable CV (5.8-9.9%) and TEM% (6.6-9.9%), and large mean biases (3-9kg) and LOA (3-23kg) were identified between the local and reference dynamometers. Excellent correlations (ICC=0.91-0.99), and mostly unacceptable CV and TEM% were identified between the local and reference spirometers for FVC and PEFR. Compared to the reference device, all local spirometers showed unacceptable (-0.134 to -0.536 liters) and acceptable (-0.12 to 0.05 liters/second) mean biases for FVC and PEFR, respectively. Conclusion: Unacceptable inter-instrument reliability was identified between local and reference dynamometers and spirometers for measuring DHGS and all lung function indices, respectively. Across clinical settings, comparing DHGS and lung function between different brands of devices may lead to the reporting of erroneous results with corrective adjustments required for clinical practice.
Characteristics Needed to Transition from Exemplary Clinical Instructor to Successful Site Coordinator of Clinical Education: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Silberman Nicki , LaFay Vicki
Published: May 2023

Introduction: In physical therapist (PT) education, the site coordinator of clinical education (SCCE) administers and manages clinical placements for student clinical education experiences from the clinical side. Characteristics of successful site coordinators of clinical education (SCCEs) have been established; minimal evidence informs the identification of individuals with those characteristics. One cannot assume that exemplary clinical instructors (CIs) will become effective SCCEs. Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate if the characteristics of exemplary CIs are consistent with the traits needed in a successful SCCE candidate by exploring these 3 aims: (1) Describe characteristics of exemplary CIs. (2) Identify characteristics needed to fulfill the SCCE position. (3) Determine if exemplary CIs are well-suited to transition to the SCCE position. Methods: SCCEs and exemplary CIs participated in one-on-one interviews. Inductive and deductive methods were employed and triangulated to provide multiple sources of data to examine the research questions. Results: Exemplary CIs (n=12) demonstrate excellence and commitment to clinical education. These natural leaders “pay-it-forward.” SCCEs (n=12) demonstrate commitment to clinical education, professional drive, and strong managerial and leadership skills. Transitioning from CI to SCCE involves a significant learning curve, and participants agreed that “you have to want it.” Conclusion: While exemplary CIs have the characteristics needed to become a successful SCCE, they should carefully consider its demands. SCCEs should be recruited based upon assessment of aptitude, not longevity or seniority. Ultimately, every SCCE should be an exemplary CI, but not every exemplary CI is prepared to be an SCCE. These findings may apply to individuals serving in similar roles across health professions.
The Research Question in Hermeneutic Phenomenology and Grounded Theory Research
Authors: Folgueiras Bertomeu Pilar , Sandín Esteban María Paz
Published: May 2023

Formulating the research question is a key but complex task in qualitative studies. The question should be framed consistently with the approach chosen; in other words, question and approach are interdependent. This article aims to contribute to the understanding of the nature of the research question; to this end, we address its meaning by presenting two qualitative approaches: applied hermeneutic phenomenology and grounded theory. Although both approaches draw from the experience of the participants in research, they are vastly different and comparing them provides an exemplar of the important decision-making required for crafting research questions epistemologically aligned with their designs. From this starting point, in this paper we discuss the specific nature of the research question in two qualitative approaches: applied hermeneutic phenomenology and grounded theory. In hermeneutic phenomenology, the question is related to the phenomena of lived experience, with the goal to describe its disclosed/apprehended essence, in the meaning structures of the studied experience. In grounded theory, the question is driven by the purpose of developing theory in a specific field, either to grant exhaustive knowledge in the exploration of hitherto little-known situations or to further our understanding of human behavior. Taking the research question as our central theme, we divide this article into three parts. First, we specify the main characteristics of each of the two approaches. Second, we discuss the formulation of the research question in each. Third, we offer an example of a research question for each of the approaches.
Effects of AI-Based ChatGPT on Higher Education Libraries
Authors: Aithal Shubhrajyotsna , Aithal P. S.
Published: May 2023

Purpose: Artificial Intelligent (AI) Technology-based systems are expected to replace or complement many services in various industries. AI-based GPTs are able to provide expert information in all industry sectors. Hence it is decided to examine the possibility of using ChatGPT to replace the conventional Library in higher education.
Methodology: We made an exploratory study on the effects of AI-Based ChatGPT on Higher Education Libraries. This includes a description of the effect of technology on information collection and an analysis of the AI-based GPTs in terms of their capability to provide the right information at any time by evaluating the model of AI-based GPTs in terms of information generation and dissemination. This also includes a systematic comparison of the services provided by traditional libraries and digital libraries with AI-based GPT for students/readers, a study of the advantages, benefits, constraints, and disadvantages of ChatGPT in terms of providing Library services to readers by ABCD analysis framework and interpretation of the impact of AI-based GPTs on the information collection process of the Higher Education System.
Findings: Based on analysis, comparison, and evaluation of ChatGPT with traditional and digital library systems, some suggestions are given on the use of AI-GTPs in Higher Education based on its advantages and benefits to the readers of tangible or intangible resources provided in libraries. It is found that AI-based GPTs are expected to be complementary to traditional libraries in terms of providing customized information support.
Originality/Value: An exploratory study is carried out based on collecting information from various authentic sources to analyse, compare, evaluate, and interpret the topic under consideration on the effect of AI-based ChatGPT on higher education libraries.
Type of Paper: Explorative Study.
TÜRKİYE ZİRAİ HAYATINDA KESME ÇİÇEK YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİNİN YERİ VE GELECEĞİ
Authors: Şenol Celal , Şahin Güven
Published: May 2023

Günümüzde başlı başına bir sektör haline gelen süs bitkileri her dönem farklı amaçlar doğrultusunda yetiştirilmiştir. İnsanlık tarihinde motiflere işlenerek her dönem hayatın içindeki varlığını koruyarak toplumun bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Türkiye’de üretim alanı ve miktarı her geçen gün artan süs bitkilerinin iç pazarın ihtiyacını karşılamanın yanında ihracatı da yapılmaktadır. İklimden çok fazla etkilenen bir ürün olması açısından genellikle seralarda yetiştiriciliği yapılmaktadır. Türkiye’de en fazla üreticilik Yalova, Antalya, İzmir, İstanbul, Isparta, Mersin ve Tokat’ta gerçekleşirken bunun %86,4’ü örtüaltında yetiştirilmektedir. Bu illerde en fazla üretilen kesme çiçeklerin başında karanfil, gül, kasımpatı, gerbera, zambak ve lale gelmektedir. 2021 yılında 60 milyon dolara yaklaşan ihracatın büyük bir kısmını (%90) karanfil oluşturmaktadır. Son olarak Türkiye’de üretilen kesme çiçek türlerinin çeşitlendirilmesi ihracatın artması ve ürün deseni açısından oldukça faydalı olacaktır. Ayrıca Türkiye’de çiçek üretimi ve pazarlaması açısından yeni ihtisaslaşma gibi organizasyonların hayata geçirilmesi sektörün gelişimi açısından umut verici ve yararlı olmaktadır.
Educação básica: conjuntura atual, desafios e possibilidades
Authors: Nardi Elton Luiz
Published: May 2023

O artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre desafios e possibilidades para a educação, diante da realidade político-econômica e social do país. Nessa direção, considerando a natureza capitalista da produção e as decorrentes crises da economia mundial, enfoca, inicialmente, a ascensão da política autoritária no país, sob a ideologia da nova direita, e a moldura conferida à política social e à educacional na atualidade. Na sequência, a fim de abordar a conjuntura da educação, desde o âmbito nacional e da atuação do governo federal na educação básica, ocupa-se do apontamento e análise acerca do atendimento educacional nesse nível de ensino, concentrando-se, para tanto, em metas e dados do monitoramento do atual Plano Nacional de Educação e em dados relativos ao financiamento público, pelo governo federal, nos últimos anos. Conclui assinalando serem muitas as urgências quando se trata de salvaguardar e fortalecer a educação pública, gratuita, laica, democrática, inclusiva e de qualidade social, tendo no horizonte os princípios constitucionais do direito à educação de qualidade, o que não se separa da necessidade de combate à desigualdade social no país.
As pesquisas em educação de jovens e adultos produzidas em Santa Catarina: um estudo de teses e dissertações
Authors: Laffin Maria Hermínia Lage Fernandes , Bobek João Vinicius dos Santos
Published: May 2023

Apresenta-se uma investigação que analisou as teses e dissertações sobre a Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) no Estado de Santa Catarina (SC) realizadas em cursos de Programas de Pós-graduação. Teve como objetivou compreender quais o panorama e as perspectivas teórico-metodológicas dessas pesquisas no campo da EJA. Caracterizou-se como um estudo do tipo do estado do conhecimento, de abordagem qualitativa e exploratória desenvolvida mediante fontes bibliográficas e documentais. Como resultado do estudo, foram identificadas 146 investigações organizadas em 7 categorias: Currículo da EJA; Sujeitos da EJA; Docência e Formação em EJA; Políticas Públicas e o Direito à EJA; Alfabetização em EJA; Práticas escolares na EJA e Concepções de EJA. O artigo permite situar um panorama do estado do conhecimento das pesquisas voltadas à EJA em Santa Catarina e apontam para o fato de que ainda se requer maior aprofundamento para a busca de construção de fundamentos teórico metodológicos para essa área.
Desenvolvimento sustentável e o Novo Marco Legal do Saneamento Básico (Lei 14.026/2020) com foco no ODS nº 6
Authors: Leão Patrícia Lima Feitosa , Souza Patrícia Verônica Nunes Carvalho de Sobral de
Published: May 2023

O presente estudo trata do Novo Marco Legal do Saneamento Básico Lei 14.026/2020, empreendendo aspectos do tema, com foco na ODS (Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável) nº 6.  Tratando conceitos e normas disponíveis acerca da temática proposta, além de abordar o debate da realidade mundial e nacional e as perspectivas que este objetivo pretende alcançar, que é o acesso universal e equitativo a água potável e segura para todos e do saneamento básico. Através da análise de dados dos anos de 2015 a 2020 do panorama mundial e nacional de acesso a água potável e saneamento, e identificar a eficácia ou não das metas estabelecidas no objetivo n º 6, em âmbito nacional.
Approach to comprehensive analysis of bastion castle ensemble with historic gardens: novel combined strategy
Authors: Tikhonova Olha
Published: May 2023

Bastion castle ensemble is a complex structure that belongs to defensive residences, which usually include the historic gardens and play an important role in the formation of the townscape. The two main structural components of such built complexes are palatial body and bastion fortifications. However, some bigger ensembles can also include other functional buildings. Due to the nature of the structure, namely the presence of defensive elements, which followed military development, many bastion castles underwent huge transformations. They were built and rebuilt because of the outdated design or destruction by the enemy. That is why studying such ensembles only from a historical perspective or analyzing only their fortification part is not enough to understand the whole complex, which is much more than a single-type building. In contrast, this paper proposes an interdisciplinary approach to studying bastion castles on the example of a bastion castle in Zheshov (Poland). Specifically, this paper uses a combined strategy that includes interpretative–historical and qualitative-computational strategies as a systematic and comprehensive approach to the research. This strategy consists of seven points of analysis: historical transformations, composition, situation, landscape, fortifications, typomorphology, and space syntax. This work represents a methodological framework that can be used for the analysis of any bastion castle ensemble in the world.
Reflexões sobre o ensino das lutas na escola a partir das dimensões do conteúdo: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Lima George Almeida , Fabiani Débora Jaqueline Farias
Published: May 2023

Objetivamos compreender os processos de ensino, vivência e aprendizagem das lutas na escola a partir das dimensões do conteúdo. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e descritiva, caracteriza-se como uma revisão integrativa de literatura. Para coleta de dados foram utilizadas as bases: SciELO, Lilacs e Google Scholar, utilizando o descritor: “ensino and lutas and dimensões do conteúdo”. As lutas podem ser efetivadas na escola a partir de procedimentos pedagógicos pautados nas dimensões dos conteúdos, abrangendo aspectos procedimentais, atitudinais e conceituais. Além disso, a participação dos alunos nas aulas é potencializada a partir de vivências das lutas em sua totalidade, para além dos gestos técnicos. Conclui-se que a sistematização das lutas a partir das dimensões dos conteúdos configura-se como uma estratégia efetiva para o desenvolvimento deste conteúdo nas aulas de Educação Física, acarretando participação ativa dos alunos no processo de ensino, vivência e aprendizagem dessas práticas corporais.
Fuzzy Assessment of the “5 E’s” Instructional Treatment for Teaching Mathematics to Engineering Students
Authors: Voskoglou Michael Gr.
Published: May 2023

The “5 E’s” instructional treatment, which is based on the principles of social constructivism, is currently a very popular method for teaching, especially in school education. A hybrid model is developed in the present paper for assessing the effectiveness of the “5 E’s” application for teaching mathematics to engineering students of the University of Peloponnese, Greece. The model uses grey numbers and neutrosophic sets for evaluating the mean student performance, whereas the quality performance is assessed by calculating the Grade Point Average index.
A Wireless Device to Modular Robotized Instrument for Health Information
Authors: Ivanova Veronika , Boneva Ani , Ivanov Stoyan , Vasilev Plamen
Published: May 2023

This article is referred to an innovative wireless device for ECG patient monitoring during minimally invasive surgery. Our aim is to create new type of laparoscopy instruments to improve healthcare. The work presents a wireless device for ECG (DECG) as part of a robotic modular laparoscopic instrument (RMLI). Thus, the device allows ECG analysis and monitoring of the patient to be carried out complexly in combination with other diagnostic and therapeutic (RMLI) mode of operation activities. The proposed device provides detection and rapid warning of abnormal heart rate during surgery. Innovative uMAC wireless network stack is designed for module-control block communication. Control computer program processes and monitors (remotely or directly) received information from wireless device that is connected to patient. The software of the device is developed in Tcl/Tk scripting language for operation under Windows. A shared reality upgrade for Android has also been developed for it. The novelty of the solution is related to the construction and connection of the ECG with the used RMLI robotic module. In the future the designed instrument will can work autonomous. The team has worked in the field of minimally invasive and laparoscopic surgery roboticized instrumentation and the presented development is a continuation of this work.
History and Future Trends of Multicore Computer Architecture
Authors: Alseqyani Abdulrahman , Almutairi Abdullah
Published: May 2023

The multicore technology concept is centered on the parallel computing possibility that can boost computer efficiency and speed by integrating two or more CPUs (Central Processing Units) in a single chip. A multicore architecture places multiple processor cores and groups them as one physical processor. The primary goal is to develop a system that can handle and complete more than one task at the same time, thereby getting a better system performance in general. This paper will describe the history and future trends of multicore computer architecture.
Understanding Chinese Moral Stories with Further Pre-Training
Authors: Qian Jing , Yue Yong , Atkinson Katie , Li Gangmin
Published: May 2023

The goal of moral understanding is to grasp the theoretical concepts embedded in a narrative by delving beyond the concrete occurrences and dynamic personas. Specifically, the narrative is compacted into a single statement without involving any characters within the original text, necessitating a more astute language model that can comprehend connotative morality and exhibit commonsense reasoning. The “pretraining + fine-tuning” paradigm is widely embraced in neural language models. In this paper, we propose an intermediary phase to establish an improved paradigm of “pre-training + further pre-training + finetuning”. Further pre-training generally refers to continual learning on task-specific or domain-relevant corpora before being applied to target tasks, which aims at bridging the gap in data distribution between the phases of pre-training and fine-tuning. Our work is based on a Chinese dataset named STORAL-ZH that composes of 4k human-written story-moral pairs. Furthermore, we design a two-step process of domain-adaptive pre-training in the intermediary phase. The first step depends on a newly-collected Chinese dataset of Confucian moral culture. And the second step bases on the Chinese version of a frequently-used commonsense knowledge graph (i.e. ATOMIC) to enrich the backbone model with inferential knowledge besides morality. By comparison with several advanced models including BERTbase, RoBERTa-base and T5-base, experimental results on two understanding tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed three-phase paradigm.
Tuning Dari Speech Classification Employing Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Dawodi Mursal , Baktash Jawid Ahmad
Published: May 2023

Recently, many researchers have focused on building and improving speech recognition systems to facilitate and enhance human-computer interaction. Today, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system has become an important and common tool from games to translation systems, robots, and so on. However, there is still a need for research on speech recognition systems for low-resource languages. This article deals with the recognition of a separate word for Dari language, using Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) feature extraction method and three different deep neural networks including Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). We evaluate our models on our built-in isolated Dari words corpus that consists of 1000 utterances for 20 short Dari terms. This study obtained the impressive result of 98.365% average accuracy.
SIMPLE SENTENCE IN A·WE
Authors: Momin Amanda Aski Macdonald
Published: May 2023

A·we is the standard variety of the A·chik language also known as A·chikku which is also commonly known as the Garo language. The Garo language belongs to the Tibeto-Burman branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Since Syntax involves arranging words to create logical phrases, clauses, and sentences, simple sentence is an important part of syntax and thus knowing about the simple sentence in A·we forms the basis of writing correct sentences in this variety of the Garo language. Noam Chomsky, the famous Linguist used the phrase, “ colorless green ideas sleep furiously’ in his book, Syntactic Structures (1957) as an example of a sentence which is syntactically and grammatically correct because it has the correct word order and the verb is consistent with the subject but is semantically incorrect. Chomsky (1957) thus illustrates that the rules governing syntax are different from the meaning conveyed by words. We can observe that there are subject and predicate in a simple sentence in language, which is the same for A·we. It is not essential that a simple sentence must be a short sentence and it is also possible to write a simple sentence if there is only one predicate used with a number of subjects to make a long sentence. Such sentences are still called a simple sentence. In this paper, we will discuss some classification of simple sentence in A·we which will further contribute to the study of syntax in A·we as well as aid in constructing proper sentences in the language.
Detection of Module Integration Errors in Hierarchical Circuit Designs
Authors: Shariff Muneeb Ulla , Veepuri Vineeth Kumar , Dimri Nancy , B N Mahadevaswamy
Published: May 2023

This paper explores the use of macros and parameters in Hardware Description Language (HDL) programming. Macros and parameters are powerful tools that allow for efficient and reusable code, yet their full potential is often underutilized. By examining the advantages of macros and parameters, this paper aims to demonstrate how these features can enhance the flexibility, readability, and maintainability of HDL code. Additionally, the paper discusses the use cases of mixing macros and parameters in HDL programming, highlighting their applicability in a range of scenarios. Furthermore, the paper addresses the challenges that arise from the mix use of macros and parameters and provides best practices to overcome these challenges. Overall, this paper aims to encourage HDL programmers to fully explore the capabilities of macros and parameters in their code, leading to more efficient and effective hardware designs and verification.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Chaos Data and €/$ Exchange Rate Index Data with RQA Method
Authors: YALÇINKAYA Hüseyin Serdar , BAŞARAN Nizamettin
Published: May 2023

A time series data contains a large amount of information in itself. Chaos data and volatility data which calculated by any time series are also derivative information included in the same time series. According to these assumptions, it is very important to question the ability of chaos and volatility information to affect each other, and which information affects and which information is affected. It is very important to determine the causes of volatility, which is an important result indicator for the finance literature, and especially with this study, it was tried to determine whether the chaos data is in a causal relationship with volatility. If some of the chaos data can be identified as the cause of volatility, the detected chaos data can be used in other research as a leading indicator of volatility. The data set used in the study is the daily euro/dollar exchange rate index between 01.01.2005 and 10.11.2022. In the study, time series of chaos data were created with Windowed RQA method and Hatemi-J asymmetric causality analysis research was carried out between these time series and euro/dollar exchange rate index volatility. The findings of the study conclude that the chaos data LnRR, LnEntr and LnLAM could be used as leading indicators of the euro/dollar exchange rate index volatility.
OS ROSTOS QUE GANHAM CONTORNOS
Authors: Egido Alex
Published: May 2023

O referencial levinasiano é o que orienta, majoritariamente, as reflexões desenvolvidas neste artigo, inserido na área dos estudos linguísticos. Um encontro inesperado, único e humanizador é como se entendem os momentos nos quais o outro se materializa à frente do eu (LEVINAS, [1988] 2020). Considerando que a complexidade da existência humana não repousa, nem ilusória nem momentaneamente, totalmente em normativas, busca-se conhecer a familiaridade e as reações de pesquisadoras/es de línguas em relação a dilemas éticos que se apresentam no âmbito das investigações. Ao todo, 21 professoras/es participantes, residentes de três regiões da federação e que lecionam quatro línguas distintas, responderam a um questionário eletrônico que continha dez dilemas éticos, dos quais três são aqui discutidos. Em síntese, as reações das/os participantes são reflexos de suas experiências, pessoais e profissionais; das violências, acometidas e sofridas; enfim, de suas existências que habitam corpos infinitos em traços constituintes, que a totalidade daquele que os lê não dá conta de conhecer.
Applicability of the low-cost OPC-N3 optical particle counter for microphysical measurements of fog
Authors: Nurowska Katarzyna , Mohammadi Moein , Malinowski Szymon , Markowicz Krzysztof
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Low-cost devices for particulate matter measurements are characterised by small dimensions and a light weight. This advantage makes them ideal for UAV measurements, where those parameters are crucial. However, they also have some issues. The values of particulate matter from low-cost optical particle counters can be biased by high ambient humidity. In this article, we evaluate the low-cost Alphasense OPC-N3 optical particle counter for measuring the microphysical properties of fog. This study aimed to show that OPC-N3 not only registers aerosols or humidified aerosols but also registers fog droplets. The study was carried out on the rooftop of the Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw, Poland, during autumn–winter 2021. To validate the results, the data from OPC-N3 were compared with the data obtained from the reference instrument, the Oxford Lasers VisiSize D30. VisiSize D30 is a shadowgraph device able to register photos of individual droplets. Considering the effective radius of droplets, it is possible to differentiate low-visibility situations between fog conditions (which are not hazardous for people) from haze events, when highly polluted air can cause health risks to people. The compared microphysical properties were liquid water content (LWC), number concentration (Nc), effective radius reff and statistical moments of radius. The Pearson correlation coefficient between both devices for LWC was 0.92, Nc was 0.95 and reff was 0.63. Overall, these results suggest good compliance between instruments. However, the OPC-N3 has to be corrected regarding professional equipment.
The effect of uncertainties in natural forcing records on simulated temperature during the last millennium
Authors: Lücke Lucie J. , Schurer Andrew P. , Toohey Matthew , Marshall Lauren R. , Hegerl Gabriele C.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Here we investigate how uncertainties in the solar and volcanic forcing records of the past millennium affect the large-scale temperature response using a two-box impulse response model. We use different published solar forcing records and present a new volcanic forcing ensemble that accounts for random uncertainties in eruption dating and sulfur injection amount. The simulations are compared to proxy reconstructions from PAGES 2k and Northern Hemispheric tree ring data. We find that low solar forcing is most consistent with all the proxy reconstructions, even when accounting
for volcanic uncertainty. We also find that the residuals are in line with CMIP6 control variability at centennial timescales. Volcanic forcing uncertainty induces a significant spread in the temperature response, especially at periods of peak forcing. For individual eruptions and superposed epoch analyses, volcanic uncertainty can strongly affect the agreement with proxy reconstructions and partly explain known proxy–model discrepancies.
Storm characteristics influence nitrogen removal in an urban estuarine environment
Authors: Smiley Anne Margaret H. , Thompson Suzanne P. , Hall Nathan S. , Piehler Michael F.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Sustaining water quality is an important component of coastal resilience. Floodwaters deliver reactive nitrogen (NOx) to sensitive aquatic systems and can diminish water quality. Coastal habitats in flooded areas can be effective at removing reactive nitrogen through denitrification (DNF). However, less is known about this biogeochemical process in urbanized environments. This study assessed the nitrogen removal capabilities of flooded habitats along an urban estuarine coastline in the upper Neuse River Estuary (NRE), NC, USA under two nitrate concentrations (16.8 µM and 52.3 µM NOx, respectively). We also determined how storm characteristics (e.g., precipitation and wind) affect water column NOx concentrations and consequently DNF by flooded habitats. Continuous flow-through sediment core incubation experiments quantified gas and nutrient fluxes across the sediment-water interface in marsh, swamp forest, undeveloped open space, stormwater pond, and shallow subtidal sediments. All habitats exhibited net DNF. Additionally, all habitats increased DNF rates under elevated nitrate conditions compared to low nitrate. Structured habitats with high sediment organic matter had higher nitrogen removal capacity than unstructured, low sediment organic matter habitats. High precipitation-high wind storm events produced concentrations significantly lower than other types of storms (e.g., low precipitation-high wind, high wind-low precipitation, low wind-low precipitation), which likely results in relatively low DNF rates by flooded habitats and low removal percentages of total dissolved nitrogen loads. These results demonstrate the importance of natural systems to water quality in urbanized coastal areas subject to flooding.
3D assimilation and radiative impact assessment of aerosol black carbon over the Indian region using aircraft, balloon, ground-based, and multi-satellite observations
Authors: Kala Nair Krishnan , Anand Narayana , Manoj Mohanan R. , Prasanth Srinivasan , S. Pathak Harshavardhana , Prabhakaran Thara , Safai Pramod D. , K. Moorthy Krishnaswamy , Satheesh Sreedharan K.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. A three-dimensional (spatial and vertical) gridded data set of black carbon (BC) aerosols has been developed for the first time over the Indian mainland using data from a dense ground-based network, aircraft- and balloon-based measurements from multiple campaigns, and multi-satellite observations, following statistical assimilation techniques. The assimilated data reveals that the satellite products tend to underestimate (overestimate) the aerosol absorption at lower (higher) altitudes with possible climate implications. The regional maps of atmospheric heating due to BC, derived using this dataset, well-captures the elevated aerosol heating layers over the Indian region and the spatial high over the Indo Gangetic Plains. It is shown that over most of the Indian region, the incorporation of realistic profiles of aerosol absorption/extinction coefficients and SSA into the radiative transfer calculations leads to enhanced high-altitude warming. This will have larger implications for atmospheric stability than what would be predicted using satellite observations alone and could strongly influence the upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric processes, including increased vertical transport of BC to higher altitudes. The 3D assimilated BC data set will be helpful in reducing the uncertainty in aerosol radiative effects in climate model simulations over the Indian region.
A Bayesian model for quantifying errors in citizen science data: Application to rainfall observations from Nepal
Authors: Eisma Jessica A. , Schoups Gerrit , Davids Jeffrey C. , van de Giesen Nick
Published: May 2023

Abstract. High quality citizen science data can be instrumental in advancing science toward new discoveries and a deeper understanding of under-observed phenomena. However, the error structure of citizen scientist (CS) data must be well-defined. Within a citizen science program, the errors in submitted observations vary, and their occurrence may depend on CS-specific characteristics. This study develops a graphical Bayesian inference model of error types in CS data. The model assumes that: (1) each CS observation is subject to a specific error type, each with its own bias and noise; and (2) an observation's error type depends on the error community of the CS, which in turn relates to characteristics of the CS submitting the observation. Given a set of CS observations and corresponding ground-truth values, the model can be calibrated for a specific application, yielding (i) number of error types and error communities, (ii) bias and noise for each error type, (iii) error distribution of each error community, and (iv) the error community to which each CS belongs. The model, applied to Nepal CS rainfall observations, identifies five error types and sorts CSs into four model-inferred communities. In the case study, 73 % of CSs submitted data with errors in fewer than 5 % of their observations. The remaining CSs submitted data with unit, meniscus, unknown, and outlier errors. A CS’s assigned community, coupled with model-inferred error probabilities, can identify observations that require verification. With such a system, the onus of validating CS data is partially transferred from human effort to machine-learned algorithms.
Characterization of Gas and Particle Emissions from Open Burning of Household Solid Waste
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , Firouzkouhi Hatef , Chow Judith C. , Watson John G. , Carter Warren , De Vos Alexandra S. M.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Open burning of household and municipal solid waste is a common practice in many developing countries. Due to limited resources for collection and proper disposal, solid waste is often disposed of in neighborhoods and open burned in piles to reduce odors and create space for incoming waste. Emissions from these ground-level and low-temperature burns cause air pollution, leading to adverse health effects among community residents. This study conducted laboratory combustion experiments to characterize gas and particle emissions from ten waste categories representative of those burned in South Africa: paper, leather/rubber, textiles, plastic bottles, plastic bags, vegetation (with three different moisture content levels), food discards, and combined materials. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured in real-time to calculate modified combustion efficiencies (MCE). MCE is used along with video observations to determine fuel-based emission factors (EFs) during flaming and smoldering phases as well as the entire combustion process. Fuel elemental composition and moisture content have strong influences on emissions. Plastic bags have the highest carbon content and the highest combustion efficiency, leading to the highest EFs for CO2. Textiles have the highest nitrogen and sulfur contents, resulting in the highest EFs for nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Emissions are similar for vegetation with 0 % and 20 % moisture contents; however, EFs for CO and particulate matter (PM) from the vegetation with 50 % moisture content are 3 and 30 times, respectively, emissions from 0 % and 20 % moisture contents. This study also shows that neglecting carbon in the ash and PM can lead to significant overestimation of EFs. Results from this study are applicable to emission inventory improvements as well as air quality management to assess the health and climate effects of household waste open burning.
The sensitivity of Southern Ocean atmospheric dimethyl sulfide to modelled sources and emissions
Authors: Bhatti Yusuf , Revell Laura , Schuddeboom Alex , McDonald Adrian , Archibald Alex , Williams Jonny , Venugopal Abhijith , Hardacre Catherine , Behrens Erik
Published: May 2023

Abstract. The biogeochemical behaviour of the Southern Ocean is complex and dynamic. The processes that affect this behaviour are highly dependent on physical, chemical, and biological constraints, which are poorly constrained in Earth System Models. We assess how emissions of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), a precursor of sulfate aerosol, change over the Southern Ocean when the chlorophyll-a distribution, which influences oceanic DMS production, is altered. Using a nudged configuration of the atmosphere-only United Kingdom Earth System Model, UKESM1-AMIP, we performed nine 10-year simulations using forcings representative of the period 2009–2018. Four different seawater DMS data sets are tested as input for these simulations. Three different DMS sea-to-air flux parameterizations are also explored. Our goal is to evaluate the changes in oceanic DMS, sea-to-air fluxes of DMS, and atmospheric DMS through these different simulations during austral summer. The mean spread across all the simulations with different oceanic DMS datasets, but the same sea-to-air flux parameterizations, is 112 % (3.3 to 6.9 TgS Yr−1). The mean spread in simulations using the same oceanic DMS dataset, but differing sea-to-air flux parameterisations is 50–60 % (2.9 to 4.7 TgS Yr−1). The choice of DMS emission parameterisation has a larger influence on atmospheric DMS than the choice of oceanic DMS source. We also find that linear relationships between wind and DMS flux generally compare better to observations than quadratic relationships. Simulations that implement a quadratic emission rate show on average 35 % higher DMS mixing ratios than the linear emission rates. Simulations using seawater DMS derived from satellite chlorophyll-a data in combination with a recently-developed flux parameterisation for DMS show the closest agreement with atmospheric DMS observations and are recommended to be included in future simulations. This work recommends for Earth System Models to include a sea-to-air parameterization that is appropriate for DMS, and for oceanic DMS datasets to include inter-annual variability based on observed marine biogenic activity. Such improvements will provide a more accurate process-based representation of oceanic and atmospheric DMS, and therefore sulfate aerosol, in the Southern Ocean region.
Estimating Marine Carbon Uptake in the Northeast Pacific Using a Neural Network Approach
Authors: Duke Patrick J. , Hamme Roberta C. , Ianson Debby , Landschützer Peter , Ahmed Mohamed M. M. , Swart Neil C. , Covert Paul A.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. The global ocean takes up nearly a quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions annually, but the variability of this uptake at regional scales remains poorly understood. Here we use a neural network approach to interpolate sparse observations, creating a monthly gridded seawater partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) data product from January 1998 to December 2019, at 1/12° × 1/12° spatial resolution, in the Northeast Pacific open ocean. The data product (ANN-NEP; NCEI Record ID: BGSH2HNRP) was created from pCO2 observations within the 2021 version of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), and a range of predictor variables acting as proxies for processes affecting pCO2 to create non-linear relationships to interpolate observations at a spatial resolution four times greater than leading global products and with better overall performance. In moving to a higher resolution, we show that the internal division of training data is the most important parameter for reducing overfitting. Using our pCO2 product, wind speed, and atmospheric CO2, we evaluate air-sea CO2 flux variability. On sub-decadal to decadal timescales, we find that the upwelling strength of the subpolar Alaskan Gyre, driven by large-scale atmospheric forcing, acts as the primary control on air-sea CO2 flux variability (r2 = 0.93, p < 0.01). In the northern part of our study region, divergence with atmospheric CO2 is enhanced by increased local wind stress curl, enhancing upwelling and entrainment of naturally CO2-rich subsurface waters, leading to decade-long intervals of strong winter outgassing. During recent Pacific marine heatwaves from 2013 on, we find enhanced atmospheric CO2 uptake (by as much as 45 %) due to limited wintertime entrainment. Our product estimates long-term surface ocean pCO2 increase at a rate below the atmospheric trend (1.4 ± 0.1 μatm yr−1) with the slowest increase in the center of the subpolar gyre where there is strong interaction with subsurface waters. This mismatch suggests the Northeast Pacific Ocean sink for atmospheric CO2 may be increasing.
Sensitivity of the pseudo-global warming method under flood conditions: a case study from the northeastern US
Authors: Xue Zeyu , Ullrich Paul , Leung Lai-Yung Ruby
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Intensified extreme precipitation and corresponding floods are the most relevant consequences of climate change over the northeastern US (NEUS). To evaluate the impacts of climate change or certain climate perturbations on future extreme weather events which are dynamically similar to historic analogs, the pseudo-global warming (PGW) method has been frequently employed; however, this method lacks precise definition and guidelines, thus limiting its application. More specifically, three key questions related to the application of the PGW method remain unanswered: at what spatial scale should climate perturbations be applied? Among the different meteorological variables available, which ones should be perturbed? And will PGW projections vary significantly when different perturbations are applied? To address these questions, we examine the sensitivity and robustness of conclusions drawn from the PGW method over the NEUS by conducting multiple PGW experiments with varied perturbation spatial scales and choice of perturbed meteorological variables. The results show that the projections of precipitation and other essential variables at the regional mean scale are consistent across the PGW simulations, with a relative difference of much less than 10 %; however, different perturbation modifications can cause significant displacements of the storm events being simulated. Several previously assumed advantages of modifying only the temperature at regional mean scale, such as the preservation of geostrophic balance, do not appear to hold. Also, for these experiments, we find the regional mean perturbation produces a positive precipitation bias because it ignores the land–ocean warming contrast, which is a robust regional response to global warming. Overall, PGW experiments with perturbations from temperature or the combination of temperature and wind at the grid point scale are both recommended, depending on the research questions. The first approach can isolate the spatially dependent thermodynamic impact, and the latter incorporates both the thermodynamic and dynamic impacts.
Forecasting Large Hail and Lightning using Additive Logistic Regression Models and the ECMWF Reforecasts
Authors: Battaglioli Francesco , Groenemeijer Pieter , Tsonevsky Ivan , Púčik Tomàš
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Additive Logistic Regression models for lightning and large hail (ARhail) were developed using convective parameters from the ERA5 reanalysis, hail reports from the European Severe Weather Database (ESWD), and lightning observations from the Met Office Arrival Time Difference network (ATDnet). The model yields the probability of large hail in a given timeframe over a particular grid point and can accurately reproduce the climatological distribution and the seasonal cycle of observed hail events in Europe. To explore the value of this approach to medium-range forecasting, a similar four-dimensional model was developed using predictor parameters retrieved from ECMWF reforecasts: Most Unstable CAPE, 925–500 hPa bulk shear, Mixed Layer Mixing Ratio, and the Wet Bulb Zero Height. This model was applied to the ECMWF reforecasts to compute probabilistic large hail forecasts for all available 11 ensemble members, from 2008 to 2019 and for lead times up to 228 hours. First, we compared the hail ensemble forecasts for different lead times with observed hail occurrence from the ESWD focusing on a recent hail outbreak. Secondly, we evaluated the model’s predictive skill as a function of forecast lead time using the Area under the ROC Curve (AUC) as a validation score. This analysis showed that ARhail has a very high predictive skill (AUC > 0.95) for a lead time up to 60 hours. ARhail retains a high predictive skill even for extended forecasts (AUC = 0.86 at 180 hours lead time). Finally, the performance of the four-dimensional model was compared with that of composite parameters such as the Significant Hail Parameter (SHP) or the product of CAPE and the 925–500 hPa bulk shear (CAPESHEAR). Results show that ARhail outperformed CAPESHEAR at all lead times and SHP at short to medium lead times. This suggests that the combination of Additive Logistic Regression models and ECMWF ensemble forecasts can create highly skilful medium-range hail forecasts for Europe.
Sensitivity Analysis of Numerical Modeling Input Parameters on Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Loads
Authors: Wiley Will , Jonkman Jason , Robertson Amy , Shaler Kelsey
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Floating wind turbines must withstand a unique and challenging set of loads from the wind and ocean environment. To derisk development, accurate predictions of these loads are necessary. Uncertainty in modeling predictions leads to larger required safety factors, increasing project costs and the levelized cost of energy. Complex aero-hydro-elastic modeling tools use many input parameters to represent the wind, waves, current, aerodynamic loads, hydrodynamic loads, and structural properties. It is helpful to understand which of these parameters ultimately drives a design. In this work, an ultimate and fatigue loads sensitivity analysis was performed with 35 different input parameters, using an elementary effects approach to identify the most influential parameters for a case study involving the NREL 5-MW baseline wind turbine atop the OC4-DeepCwind semisubmersible during normal operation. The importance of each parameter was evaluated using 14 response quantities of interest across three operational wind speed conditions. The study concludes that turbulent wind velocity standard deviation is the parameter with the strongest sensitivity; this value is important not just for turbine loads, but also for the global system response. The system center of mass in the wind direction is found to have the highest impact on the system rotation and tower loads. The current velocity is found to be the most dominating parameter for the system global motion and consequently the mooring loads. All tested wind turbulence parameters in addition to the standard deviation, are also found to be influential. Wave characteristics are influential for some fatigue loading, but did not significantly impact the extreme ultimate loads in these operational load cases.