bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KAZ DAĞLARI’NIN TURİZMDEKİ EKONOMİK DEĞERİNİN SEYAHAT MALİYET YÖNTEMİ İLE BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: Özkök Ferah , Mercan Şefik Okan , Yıldırım Hacı Mehmet , Korkmaz Halil , Sünnetçioğlu Serdar , Ayhan Çiğdem
Published: January 2019

Kaz Dağları,
mitolojik, doğal, kültürel ve tarihsel açıdan önemli değerlere sahiptir. 1993 yılında
Kaz Dağları’nın bir kısmı milli park ilan edilmiş ve böylece koruma altına
alınmıştır. Ancak milli park alanı dışında kalan bölgede madencilik gibi üretim
faaliyetlerinin gerçekleştirilmesiyle turizm faaliyetlerinin gerçekleştirilebileceği
alanlarda tahribatlar ve onarılamaz zararlar oluşmaktadır. Bu kaynakların
korunması ve gelecek nesillere aktarılması sürdürülebilir bir bakış açısı ile mümkün
olacaktır. Çalışmada Kaz
Dağlarının turizm kaynaklarının ekonomik değerini seyahat maliyet yöntemi
ile hesaplamayı amaçlanmıştır.
Bölgenin turizm amaçlı kullanımının seyahat
maliyet yöntemiyle ekonomik değerini belirlemek üzere soru formları
hazırlanmış ve bölgeye gelen turistlerle yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılarak veriler
toplanmıştır. Daha sonra kurulan regresyon modelinde Kaz Dağları bölgesi
için yıllık bireysel
tüketici rantı ve toplam tüketici rantı hesaplanmış ve bu rakamlar
sırasıyla 3.959,46 TL ve 384.958.445,95
TL bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bu bulgulara göre ziyaretçiler Kaz Dağları bölgesini ziyaret etmek için oldukça yüksek bir maliyete
katlanmaktadır ve bölgenin doğal yapısının korunması ile her geçen yıl bu
miktarın daha da artacağı düşünülmektedir.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF NATURAL CONVECTION MELTING IN 2D AND 3D ENCLOSURES
Authors: BONDAREVA Nadezhda Bondareva
Published: January 2019

Natural convection melting in 2D and 3D enclosures with a local
heater is studied numerically. The present research is related to a development
of effective cooling system for the electronic devices using the phase change
material that is essentially important nowadays. The domain of interest
includes vertical cold walls, adiabatic horizontal walls and a discrete heater
of constant high temperature located on the bottom adiabatic wall. The cavity
is filled with a phase change material (PCM) in solid state at the beginning of
the process. During the heating from the heat source PCM is melting. Numerical
solution of the present problem has been conducted using the dimensionless
transformed variables such as stream function and vorticity for 2D cavity and
vector potential functions and vorticity vector for 3D cavity with appropriate
initial and boundary conditions. The developed numerical technique has been
verified comprehensively. Obtained results have shown a potential of the used
methods for 2D and 3D problems. It has been found that, melting process is more
intensive in 3D case and the heat transfer rate at the heater is greater for 2D
in comparison with 3D data.
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND FABRICATION OF A MIST SPRAY DIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEM AND ITS PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
Authors: DESHMUKH Avinash
Published: January 2019

In today's essential
commodities, air conditioning system is one of the major energy consuming
elements. Nowadays evaporative cooling systems are mostly preferred as an
alternative to compressor-based air conditioned systems. It is reported that
evaporative cooling systems consume 60 - 70 % less energy compared to
compressor-based air conditioning systems. In this paper, performance analysis
of a mist evaporative cooler is carried out experimentally. The performance
parameters such as, drop in temperature, cooling capacity, saturation
efficiency, the coefficient of performance are evaluated with respect to
various ambient conditions and with a varied mass flow rate of air.
Experimental data used to develop an empirical correlation to predict the
temperature of cooled air by linear regression analysis. Predicted temperature
of cooled air temperature by empirical correlation is validated through
experimentation, and are good in agreement with experimental values.
Effect of Fatigue on Job Performance and Musculoskeletal Disorders among Power Plant Staff
Authors: Bolghanabadi Somayeh , Mosavi Kordmiri Seyed Hojat , GHalehassani Shima , Delkhani Fariba , Tazili Fateme
Published: January 2019

Background: The sustainability and strength of an organization strongly depends on the mental, physical, and physiological health of its employees. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of fatigue and stress on the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders, job performance and their relationship considering some demographic variables in this society. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 2017. The study populations were administrative employees of the power plant, and sampling was done by census method. Three standard questionnaires about job fatigue and job performance and Nordic questionnaire were distributed among 62 employees. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20; descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test. Results: All 62 samples were male, and the mean and standard deviation of their age were 41.52 (7.71) years and the mean of work experience was 12.13 (6.25) years. According to the results, 53% of the samples showed high and very high fatigue; the fatigue score was 3.96 that indicated the moderate level. The job performance score was 38.3, which was considered at the low level. Also, there was an inverse and significant relationship between fatigue and job performance (P = 0.03, r = -0.37), and there was a significant relationship between fatigue, performance and neck and back areas (p <0.05).
Identifying Hazardous Points in Foundry Industry Using a Hybrid Safety Approach
Authors: Ahmadi Omran , Samaei Seyed Ehsan , Farokhzad Maryam , Rasoulzadeh Yahya
Published: January 2019

Background: In recent years, the foundry industry has had a significant impact on Iran's economy. However, the health and safety conditions of this industry are in an unfavorable status, and these conditions have caused a lot of accidents. In this regards, one of the most important ways to prevent accidents in this industry can be identifying hazardous points and adopting appropriate control measures. The aim of the study was to identify hazardous points in foundry industry using a hybrid safety approach. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in the foundry industry of Iran, in 2016. The study method consisted of two parts. First, the accidents of foundry were analyzed. Second, the Energy Trace and Barrier Analysis (ETBA) technique was used to identify hazards and assess the risks. The collected and obtained data of accidents and risk assessment were entered into the statistical SPSS software, version 22, and descriptive statistics (mean, percent) were used for analyzing. Also, Microsoft Excel was used to plot the graphs. Results: A total of 128 risks is identified, including 17 unacceptable risks, 93 undesirable risks, 13 acceptable risks with revision and five acceptable risks without revision. The mechanical and physical energies had the highest percentage of hazards. The results of accidents analysis showed that the cause of most accidents (40%) was mechanical, while 23% of them was the potential type. The study results indicated that accidents analysis along with risks identification can be useful in identifying all the dangerous locations (points). Conclusion: In addition to validating the results of risk assessment through the analysis of accidents, other causes affecting the occurrence of accidents can also be covered by accident analysis, including unsafe behaviors and organizational causes that are not seen in the risk assessment.
An Investigation of the Attitudes of Health & Safety Personnel toward Safety in Construction Projects
Authors: Ghorbani Ahmad , Soltanzadeh Ahmad
Published: January 2019

Background and objective: With the development of technology and its increased use, potential dangers in industrial environments has increased. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of the Fajr Institute's Health & Safety Executive (HSE) personnel toward safety. Method: The study population consisted of HSE staff (n: 39). Data gathering tool in this descriptive-analytical study was a researcher-developed, 30-item questionnaire with acceptable validity (1.9) and reliability (0.87). Data were analyzed using the SPSS 19. Samples were selected by census sampling and the entire study population was studied. Statistical methods used were mean, variance, standard deviation, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and factor analysis. Result: The average age of the participants was 28.6 years, 56.5% of them were single and 43.5% married. The average work experience of the participants was 5.2 years. Bachelor's degree (54%) and Master's degree (23%) were the most and least frequent academic degrees, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients showed age and work experience were not correlated with safety attitudes. The t-test results showed there was a significant difference between the viewpoints of single and married workers and attitude variable (P<0.01).The t-test results also showed there was no significant difference between education level and attitude. Conclusion: According to the factor analysis results, items were classified into four categories: management factors, educational factors, communication factors, and regulatory factors.
Health risk Assessment of Exposure to Harmful Chemical Agents in a Refinery
Authors: Moradi Hanifi Saber , Laal Fereydoon , Panjali Zahra , Khoubi Jamshid
Published: January 2019

Background: Process units, due to performance conditions at high pressure and high temperatures, are prone to many health risks that can lead to adverse effects during work. In order to identify health hazards, assess their risks and make appropriate decisions to control the risk and improve the health of individuals in this regard, the assessment of health risks is of particular importance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess and prioritize health risks in a refinery. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a refinery in 2012. In this study, 14 important chemical substances were identified and analyzed.  Excel analysis was used to analyze the data. To assess the health risks due to chemical exposure the methodology proposed by the Department of Health Care in University of Singapore was used. First, important chemicals were identified and then the degree of risk and degree of exposure to chemicals were calculated and finally the level of health risk due to exposure to chemicals was determined. Results: The results showed that from 14 identified cases, exposure to diglycol diamine had a risk level of 4.47 (very high), hydrogen sulfide a risk level of 3.87 (high level), and molybdenum and nickel base catalysts a health risk of 3.87 (high), all of which were in a range of  unacceptable risk. Conclusion: In this study exposure to diglycol diamine, hydrogen sulfide, and molybdenum and nickel based catalysts was in the range of unacceptable risk. Using management and engineering controls such as personnel training, shortening the work shift of individuals, pre-recruitment and periodical examinations, designing a ventilation system, and the use of detectors and discovery equipment are recommended to reduce the level of risk.
Evaluation of the Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Mortazavi Nazanin , Babaei Mansour , Babaee Neda , Kazemi Hamed Hossein , Mortazavi Roozbeh , Mostafazadeh Amrollah
Published: January 2019

Objectives: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, known as TMDs, are significant public health problems and may result in pain and disability. In order to determine the prevalence of clinical/subjective TMD in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we used the research diagnostic criteria (RDC)/TMD axes. We assessed the anti-cyclic citrullinated protein (anti-CCP)-related TMD in RA for the first time.    
Materials and Methods: Fifty-two RA patients were compared to 47 healthy controls with regard to complete blood count (CBC), serology, acute phase reactants (APR), and TMJ dysfunction. 
Results: The anti-CCP antibody showed a significant correlation with the development of clinical TMD (P=0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI)=12.4%-35.6%). A prevalence of 50% was calculated through the RDC/TMD for such disorders. In RA patients, statistically significant differences were observed between the groups with and without clinical TMD regarding psychological depression and physical symptoms.
Conclusions: According to the results, a significant correlation was found between the anti-CCP antibody and TMD. Therefore, when this antibody is detected in the blood serum, the treatment must be initiated. The RDC/TMD used in this study assessed the prevalence of TMJ dysfunction in conformity with RA-associated TMJ findings previously obtained through other conventional methods
Effect of Delayed Light-Curing Through a Zirconia Disc on Microhardness and Fracture Toughness of Two Types of Dual-Cure Cement
Authors: Samimi Pouran , Kaveh Sara , Khoroushi Maryam
Published: January 2019

Objectives: Photopolymerization immediately sets dual-cure cements and prevents the continuation of chemical polymerization. Delayed light-curing allows the chemical process to continue up to the point before starting irradiation; however, there is a controversy in this respect. The present study evaluates the effect of delayed light-curing through a zirconia disc on the microhardness and fracture toughness (KIC) of two types of dual-cure cement.
Materials and Methods: Samples measuring 25×5×3 mm3 were prepared for fracture toughness test, and discs measuring 5 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness were prepared for microhardness test using Bifix and BisCem cements. Light-curing protocols were as follows: immediate light-curing (group A), a 2-minute delay (group B), a 5-minute delay (group C), direct irradiation (group D), and no irradiation (group E). In groups A to C, light-curing was carried out through a zirconia disc. Data were analyzed by two-way and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), post-hoc Tukey's test, and Kruskal-Wallis test at 95% confidence interval.
Results: There was a significant difference in the microhardness of the cements (P=0.00). Delayed light-curing had no effect on microhardness (P=0.080). The microhardness of BisCem in group E was significantly lower than that in group D (P=0.015). The fracture toughness of Bifix in groups B and C was significantly different than that in group E and BisCem groups.
Conclusions: Under the limitations of our study, delayed light-curing had different effects on microhardness and fracture toughness. Differences in light-curing protocols resulted in different effects based on the cement type. Light-curing is recommended to achieve optimal mechanical properties.
Effect of Cyclic Loading on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Imani Mohammad Moslem , Aghajani Farzaneh , Momeni Nafiseh , Ahmad Akhoundi Mohammad Sadegh
Published: January 2019

Objectives: In clinical conditions, orthodontic brackets are exposed to periodic stresses mainly induced by mastication and intraoral forces. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cyclic loading to simulate masticatory forces on shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets bonded to teeth using self-etch and total-etch bonding systems.
Materials and Methods: Eighty-four caries- and crack-free bovine mandibular incisors were selected and randomly assigned to two groups based on the type of bonding system. After bonding, all samples were thermocycled (500 cycles) followed by cyclic loading of the half of the specimens in each group by applying 40 N load with 2 Hz frequency for 10,000 cycles. The SBS was measured using a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) score was calculated subsequently. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, two-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney test.
Results: The SBS was 10.09±3.78 MPa and 14.44±6.06 MPa for self-etch and total-etch bonding systems in cyclic loading group, respectively. The SBS was 9.43±5.3 MPa and 11.31±5.42 MPa in self-etch and total-etch groups without cyclic loading, respectively. Cyclic loading did not cause any significant difference in SBS (P>0.05). The ARI scores of the groups were significantly different (P<0.05).
Conclusions: The present results demonstrated that low masticatory forces at 10,000 cycles did not have a significant impact on bracket-adhesive SBS; however, they significantly changed the ARI score. Even though the total-etch bonding system yielded higher SBS than the self-etch system, the performance of both was clinically acceptable.
Evaluation of Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels in Oral Premalignancies and Malignancies: A Comparative Study
Authors: Vankadara Sairam , K Padmaja , Balmuri Praveen Kumar , G Naresh , Reddy G Vikas
Published: January 2019

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate and compare pretreatment serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with oral premalignancies and malignancies with that in healthy controls.
Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 90 patients of both genders. The subjects were divided into three groups. Group I comprised 30 healthy controls, while group II included 30 patients with potential oral malignancies including leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), and oral lichen planus (OLP), and group III included 30 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients confirmed by histopathological examination. All samples were subjected to CRP analysis. Serum CRP levels were quantitatively determined using the automated immunoturbidimetric method.
Results: In group I, CRP levels were ranging from 0.1 to 18.3 mg/l with the mean ± standard deviation (SD) CRP level of 3.88±4.50 mg/l. In group II, CRP levels were ranging from 0.8 to 53.9 mg/l with the mean ± SD CRP level of 5.59±9.86 mg/l. In group III, CRP levels were ranging from 3.3 to 96 mg/l with the mean ± SD CRP level of 31.72±31.01 mg/l.
Conclusions: According to the results, prediagnostic concentrations of CRP are associated with subsequent development of oral cancer and suggest that plasma CRP level is a potential marker of increased risk of cancer
Polymerization Shrinkage of Five Bulk-Fill Composite Resins in Comparison with a Conventional Composite Resin
Authors: Abbasi Mahdi , Moradi Zohreh , Mirzaei Mansoureh , Kharazifard Mohammad Javad , Rezaei Samaneh
Published: January 2019

Objectives: The polymerization shrinkage of methacrylate-based composites is among the most important causes of failure of composite restorations. The manufacturers claim that bulk-fill composites have a lower polymerization shrinkage than conventional composites. This study aimed to assess the polymerization shrinkage of five bulk-fill composites in comparison with a conventional composite.
Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro experimental study, composite discs (n=30) were fabricated using everX Posterior (EXP), Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior (FBP), SonicFill 2 (SF2), Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill (TNB), X-tra fil (XF), and Filtek Z250 conventional composite at the center of a metal ring bonded to a microscope slide and were covered with a coverslip. This assembly was transferred to a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT). Light-curing (1200 mW/cm2) was performed from underneath the slide for 30 seconds. The deflecting disc method and LVDT were used to assess the dimensional changes of the samples (indicative of polymerization shrinkage) at 1, 30, 60, and 1800 seconds following the onset of light irradiation. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test.
Results: The groups were significantly different regarding polymerization shrinkage (P<0.002). The polymerization shrinkage of the tested composites following the onset of light irradiation ranged from 0.19 to 3.03. EXP showed a significantly higher polymerization shrinkage than other composites at 30, 60, and 1800 seconds after light irradiation, while XF showed the lowest polymerization shrinkage at the aforementioned time points.
Conclusions: The tested bulk-fill composites had a polymerization shrinkage similar to that of the conventional composite.
Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma: Report of an Extremely Rare Case in Temporal Region
Authors: Bashiri Shahryar , Heidar Hossein , Parvin Milad
Published: January 2019

Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES) is an uncommon tumor with low prevalence in the head and neck region. Herein, we report a 13-year-old boy with EES in the temporal region, which was managed by surgery and chemotherapy. The histological characteristics and the clinical manifestations of the lesion and our surgical approach will be discussed as well.
تعهد حرفه‌ای پزشکی چیست و چگونه باید آن را آموزش داد؟
Authors: معصومی رسول , اصغری فریبا , میرزازاده عظیم
Published: January 2019

مقدمه: تعهد حرفه‌ای یکی از صلاحیت‌هایی است که در چند دهه گذشته اهمیت بیشتری یافته است. در این مقاله به تعریف، اهمیت و روش‌های آموزش تعهد حرفه‌ای پرداخته می­شود و تجربه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران نیز در این زمینه به اشتراک گذاشته می‌شود.
روش بررسی: در بخش اول، موتور جستجوی Google، پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی Medline/PubMed، Embase و پایگاه اطلاعاتی SID با استفاده از کلیدواژه‌های مرتبط برای بازیابی تعاریف تعهد حرفه‌ای، روش‌های آموزش و یادگیری آن، راهنما و استانداردهای رفتار حرفه­ای و چارچوب‌های توانمندی مورد جستجو قرار گرفتند. با در نظر گرفتن معیارهای ورود، تعداد 65 مقاله، کتاب، سند توانمندی و راهنما انتخاب و در نگارش این مقاله مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. در بخش دوم تجربه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران در رابطه با ترویج و توسعه تعهد حرفه ای به اشتراک گذاشته شده است
نتایج: امروزه بیشتر دانشکده‌های پزشکی، تعهد حرفه‌ای را به عنوان توانمندی دانش آموختگان دوره‌های آموزش عمومی و تخصصی خود پذیرفته‌اند و آن را در برنامه‌های درسی خود گنجانده‌اند. آموزش تعهد حرفه‌ای هم باید در برنامه درسی رسمی و بصورت صریح و هم بصورت ضمنی انجام شود. بازاندیشی و الگومحوری به عنوان موثر‌ترین روش‌ها در آموزش تعهد حرفه‌ای شناخته می‌شوند. برای اینکه برنامه تعهد حرفه‌ای بخوبی اجرا شود باید اعضای هیئت علمی توانمند شوند. دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران برای رشد و توسعه تعهد حرفه‌ای اقدام به تدوین سند ارتقا تعهد حرفه‌ای، آموزش تعهد حرفه‌ای به صورت تم طولی، آموزش تعهد حرفه‌ای دستیاران، توانمند‌سازی اعضای هیئت علمی و تهیه مواد آموزشی کرده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: تعهد حرفه‌ای، توانمندی چند بعدی و پیچیده است و به همین دلیل تعریف، آموزش و ارزیابی آن نسبت به سایر صلاحیت‌های پزشکی دشوارتر است. اقداماتی برای رشد تعهد حرفه‌ای در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران انجام شده است ولی همچنان برای رسیدن به نقطه ایده‌آل تلاش و همت بیشتری نیاز است.
شناسایی و سطح بندی عوامل موثر بر کاربرد آموزش الکترونیکی در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
Authors: مظلومی اردکانی مهناز , منصوری سیروس , اخوات علی محمد
Published: January 2019

مقدمه: با توجه به اهمیت بکارگیری از آموزش الکترونیکی در دانشگاه­های علوم پزشکی، پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی و سطح­بندی عوامل موثر بر کاربرد آموزش الکترونیکی در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد بر اساس مدل­سازی ساختاری تفسیری صورت گرفت.
روش بررسی: روش پژوهش، مطالعه موردی و به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از تکنیک مدل­سازی ساختاری تفسیری جهت سطح بندی عوامل و دسته­بندی آنها استفاده شد. مشارکت کنندگان پژوهش را اعضای هیات علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد تشکیل می ­دادند که از بین آنها 11 نفر به عنوان متخصص در حوزه آموزش پزشکی انتخاب شدند. ابزار گرد­آوری داده­ها، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود و روایی محتوایی آن توسط متخصصان آموزش پزشکی به تایید رسید.
نتایج: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که 15 عامل، از جمله زیر ساخت­های فنی، اهداف مدون و مشخص آموزشی، مشوق­های آموزشی و پژوهشی، آگاهی و توانمندی اساتید، ساختارهای اجرایی- آموزشی، مدیریت نوآور و مدیران حمایتگر به عنوان عوامل موثر بر کاربرد آموزش الکترونیکی در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی به حساب می­آیند. همچنین تحلیل سطح­بندی عوامل نشان داد که این مدل دارای 9 سطح است که از عمیقترین و تاثیر­گذارترین سطح به سطحی­ترین و تاثیر­پذیرترین سطح عوامل موثر در اجرای یادگیری الکترونیکی در مدل نشان داده شده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: از آنجائی که نگرش نوآورانه، زیرساخت­های فنی، آیین­نامه­های آموزشی، ساختارهای اجرایی- آموزشی که عمدتا در حوزه سیاست­گذاری است به عنوان عوامل زیربنائی در بکارگیری آموزش الکترونیکی نقش ایفا می­کنند، توصیه می­شود سیاست­گذاران و مدیران دانشگاه­های علوم پزشکی در تسهیل این عوامل اقدام نمایند.
راندآموزشی شبانه: ابزاری برای ارتقای آموزش بالینی
Authors: غلمانی سید یاسر , سلیمانی محمد حسین , میرباقری الهه سادات , برغون ریحانه , کشمیری فاطمه
Published: January 2019

مقدمه: مطالعه حاضر با هدف سنجش وضعیت راند آموزشی در ساعات کشیک شب از دیدگاه فراگیران انجام شده است
روش بررسی: مطالعه ی حاضر مداخله­ای تک گروهی است که بیمارستان شهید صدوقی وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد انجام شد. جامعه پژوهش شامل اعضای تیم آموزش شامل دستیاران و کارورزان بودند که به صورت تمام شماری در مطالعه حاضر وارد شدند. در این مطالعه، مداخله بصورت راندهای بالینی در بخش داخلی و اورژانس در ساعات کشیک شب طراحی و اجرا شد. هر راند با حضور اعضای تیم آموزشی شامل اتند بخش، یک نفر دستیار ارشد، یک نفر دستیار سال دو، دو نفر دستیار سال یک، و حداقل دو نفر از کارورزان پزشکی برگزار شده است و به طور متوسط یک و نیم ساعت به طول می­انجامید.
برای سنجش وضعیت گراندراند بالینی شبانه از پرسشنامه 13 سوالی که در مطالعه قبلی روانسنجی شده است استفاده شد. داده ها توسط شرکت کنندگان بعد از شرکت در حداقل سه راند بالینی شبانه تکمیل شده است. داده­ها با استفاده از نرم­افزار آزمون آمار توصیفی (میانگین،SD ) تحلیل شد.
نتایج: نتایج برگزاری راند بالینی شبانه نشان داد 73% از شرکت کنندگان رضایت خود را در راند بالینی خیلی زیاد و زیاد ابراز کردند. "ضرورت راند بالینی شبانه در فرایند آموزش بالینی"، "امکان طرح سوال و مشارکت در بحث" و نقش راند بالینی شبانه در بهبود دانش و یادگیری" فراگیران بیشترین مطلوبیت را در بین شرکت کنندگان داشته است.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد راند بالینی شبانه از دیدگاه فراگیران وضعیت مطلوبی داشته است و آن را به عنوان ابزاری مناسب جهت استفاده در فرآیند آموزش بالینی مورد توجه قرار دادند.
اولویت بندی فلسفه‌های آموزشی، ایدئولوژی برنامه درسی و روش‌های تدریس اساتید علوم پزشکی
Authors: محمدی پویا فرامرز , محمدی پویا سهراب , قریب طرزه سحر
Published: January 2019

مقدمه: امروزه در سطح دنیا، شناسایی نقطه نظرات افراد در رابطه با آموزش و فرایند یاددهی – یادگیری از اهمیت شایانی برخوردار است. لذا پژوهش حاضر با هدف اولویت‌بندی مؤلفه‌های فلسفه‌های آموزشی، جهت‌گیری برنامه درسی و روش‌های تدریس در اساتید علوم پزشکی و بررسی تأثیر ویژگی‌های جمعیت‌شناختی در هر یک از مؤلفه‌ها صورت گرفته است.
روش بررسی: روش پژوهش از نوع توصیفی – پیمایشی بوده که با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس از اساتید یک دانشگاه علوم پزشکی در شهر تهران صورت گرفته است. ابزارهای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات شامل پرسشنامه‌های فلسفه آموزشی، ایدئولوژی برنامه درسی و روش‌های تدریس، می‌باشد. فقط اعضای هیئت‌علمی تمام وقت دانشگاه وارد مطالعه شدند و اساتید حق التدریسی و دستیاران اساتید از مطالعه خارج گردیدند. تجریه و تحلیل اطلاعات با بهره‌مندی از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS v16 صورت گرفته است.
نتایج: یافته‌ها حاکی از آن بود که در بین اساتید، فلسفه آموزشی پایدارگرایی در اولویت بوده و ایدئولوژی دانش‌پژوهان علمی نیز نسبت به سایر ایدئولوژی‌ها در اولویت قرار گرفت. همچنین روش تدریس استاد- محور بیش از روش تدریس دانشجو- محور مورد توجه اساتید بوده است. در نهایت نتایج نشان داد که متغیرهای سابقه تدریس، مرتبه علمی و جنسیت، تأثیری در تغییر اولویت¬بندی¬ها نداشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به اهمیت نقش دانشجویان در کیفیت دستیابی به اهداف آموزشی، پیشنهاد می­شود تمهیدات لازم به منظور آموزش و تشویق اساتید در راستای استفاده از روش تدریس مشارکتی به عنوان یکی از روش‌های مثمرثمر یادگیری، از سوی دست‌اندرکاران نظام آموزشی فراهم آید.
مروری بر منتورینگ بالینی: نکات کاربردی در طراحی، اجرا و ارزشیابی
Authors: پورحسن سعید
Published: January 2019

مقدمه: اگرچه منتورینگ به عنوان عاملی موثر در آموزش مهارت­ها و رشد حرفه­ای در محیط­های بالینی محسوب می­شود، اما هنوز بسیاری از مراکز از این مهم بی­بهره اند. در راستای برنامه­ریزی برای راه­اندازی منتورینگ بالینی برای دستیاران دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، این مطالعه مروری با هدف بررسی برنامه های موجود و اهداف آن­ها، تاثیرات آن­ها و بررسی نکات کاربردی در طراحی و اجرای برنامه های مشابه می باشد.
روش بررسی: اين مطالعه به روش مروری و با استفاده از جستجوی كلمات كليدي "Mentoring or Coaching or Mentor or Mentee or Mentorship or Mentoring Program" و "Medical student" و "Clinical Education" در پايگاه داده Pubmed از مقالات انتشار یافته در سال 2000 تا 2015 انجام شد که در جستجوي اوليه 664 مقاله بازیابی شدند که درنهایت 15 مقاله وارد مطالعه شدند.
نتایج: در این بررسی 15 مطالعه ارزیابی شد که این برنامه‌ها با اهداف آموزش مهارت‌های بالینی و اصول حرفه‌ای، آشنایی با آینده شغلی، بهبود شرایط سلامت جسمی- روحی، علاقه‌مند کردن دانشجویان به رشته‌های تخصصی، افزایش تعداد مقالات و فعالیت‌های تحقیقاتی و ایجاد الگوسازی اجرا شدند.
در طراحی برنامه‌های بررسی‌شده، در انتخاب منتور، سن و جنسیت، علاقه و داوطلب بودن فرد و پیشینه علمی خوب از معیارهای انتخاب بوده‌اند. جورسازی منتور و منتی از طریق پروفایل حاوی مسیر حرفه‌ای و تحصیلی، اولویت‌های زندگی و کاری و علاقه‌مندی‌های خارج از کار توسط سیستم صورت گرفته و در برخی موارد منتی‌ها خود منتور خود را انتخاب کرده بودند. آموزش منتورها از طریق کتابچه‌ها یا با برگزاری کارگاه‌های با محتوای منتورینگ، لیدرشیپ و چگونگی ایجاد تیم انجام شد.
در اجرا، پایش برنامه‌ها در برخی توسط اعضای دانشکده و از طریق منتی‌ها و در موارد دیگر از طریق منتورها به‌صورت حضوری، تلفنی یا پرسشنامه صورت پذیرفت. در این برنامه‌ها، برای حفظ منتورها علاوه بر تشویق مالی از تشویق تحصیلی (به‌صورت ارتقای تحصیلی یا دوره‌های فلوشیپ برای منتورهای دستیار) استفاده ‌شده است. در ارزشیابی برنامه‌ها از روش‌های کمی و کیفی (مصاحبه و گروه متمرکز) استفاده‌ شده است. این مطالعات نشان داد علت موفقیت برنامه‌های منتورینگ بالینی خود را در توانمندسازی منتورها، روش‌های انگیزشی مؤثر برای منتورها و منتی‌ها برای ایجاد رابطه منظم، پایش منظم عملکرد منتورها و حمایت­های مالی و حرفه‌ای از منتورها، حفظ یک منتور برای مدت تحصیل برای هر فرد، ایجاد فرهنگ منتورینگ، ایجاد شبکه بین افراد برای به اشتراک گذاشتن تجربیات و استفاده از حمایت اساتید باتجربه است.
نتیجه‌گیری: برنامه‌های منتورینگ از علل رشد حرفه‌ای دانشجویان پزشکی شناخته می‌شوند که توصیه می‌شود در دانشکده‌های پزشکی اجرا شوند. این برنامه‌ها باید به‌صورت هدفمند برگزارشده و همواره مورد ارزشیابی قرار گیرند. همچنین در طراحی این برنامه‌ها علاوه بر پیشرفت منتی، باید پیامدهای مفیدی نیز برای منتور در نظر گرفته شود. با بررسی دقیق برنامه‌های مختلف و گزارش آن‌ها، می‌توان گام‌های مؤثری در طراحی برنامه‌های آتی برداشت.
Discussion about the Legal Identity of Central and Eastern Europe. 3rd Annual CEENELS Conference “Legal Identities and Legal Traditions in CEE”
Authors: Szymaniec Piotr
Published: January 2019

The paper describes the discussions during the 3rd Annual CEENELS Conference “Legal Identities and Legal Traditions in CEE”, which took place on January 11–13, 2018 at the University of Latvia in Riga. The main issue debated at the conference concerned the question whether the countries of Central and Eastern Europe have their own legal identity and whether there is a common legal identity of the entire region. The author is in favor of Mikhail Antonov’s view that labeling the Soviet legal theory and legal culture as characterized by rigid positivism or even by “hyperpositivism” is an oversimplification. Moreover, Antonov is right when emphasizing that there was no common “socialist legal culture” and this culture differed a bit from country to country.
TWIN STUDY OF AGGRESSIVENESS AND IMPULSIVENESS RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Dinić Bojana , Nikolašević Željka , Oljača Milan , Bugarski Ignjatović Vojislava
Published: January 2019

Aggressive and impulsive behaviors have shown sufficient genetic influences and high co-occurrence, thus the question is whether dispositions for these behaviors share unique genetic or environmental contributions. The aim of this research was to explore etiology of phenotypic relationships between aggressiveness and impulsiveness. More precisely, we tested which component of aggressiveness (affective, behavioral, or cognitive) shared the most underlying genetic and environmental influences with impulsiveness. There were applied Serbian adaptation of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire as a measure of three aggressiveness components, and Behavioral Activation System scale from the Revised Sensitivity Theory Questionnaire as a measure of impulsiveness, on a sample of 208 adult twin pairs (132 pairs were monozygotic). Results of a multivariate biometric method showed that the aggressiveness and impulsiveness could be explained by the common additive genetic (6% of impulsiveness and 16- 31% of aggressiveness components), and common non-shared environmental contributions (1% of impulsiveness and 11-47% of aggressiveness components), but those contributions were rather small. An affective component of aggressiveness (anger) showed the most genetic similarity with impulsiveness, indicating that the lack of anger and behavior regulation shared partially the same genetic basis. However, aggressiveness and impulsiveness contained a larger proportion of the specific genetic and environmental effects, which confirmed a distinction between these phenomena.
O pano verde da ilusão: o imaginário e o jogo ilegal
Authors: Couto Elza Kioko Nakayama Nenoki , Nowogrodzki da Silva Anderson
Published: January 2019

A linguagem dos depoimentos de jogadores compulsivos é suscetível de explicar a relação simbólica deles com o mundo. A partir dessa perspectiva, examinam-se as imagens míticas que podem ser depreendidas de significantes linguísticos. Por meio de depoimentos de jogadores compulsivos coletados na internet, reflete-se sobre o trajeto antropológico do imaginário do jogador de jogos ilegais e seu mito. Os pressupostos teóricos deste trabalho têm por base a antropologia do imaginário de Gilbert Durand, segundo a qual a relação do sujeito com o objeto pode ser representada por uma imagem. Dessa forma, configura-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, baseada no método hipotético-dedutivo, a fim de interpretar e analisar dados que permitam alcançar um valor de verdade. Jogar com o acaso ou com as probabilidades pode ter o sentido simbólico de negociar com o destino. Poder controlar o próprio destino é possível apenas aos deuses, os seres imortais. Portanto, o espaço do jogo ilegal é um espaço profano em contato com a esfera do sagrado, que possibilita a ilusão de jogar com o destino. Nesse sentido, o jogo pode ser visto como uma experiência mítica.
Informação simbólica, representações sociais e identidade: aproximações conceituais
Authors: Perdigão Juliana Andrade , Silveira Fabrício José Nascimento da
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo objetiva discutir, a partir de um enfoque multidisciplinar, as dimensões conceituais que aproximam o estudo das representações sociais e da identidade ao campo da informação simbólica. Para tanto, adota por prerrogativa que a informação, pensada aqui como fenômeno social, atravessa e modula os distintos processos de negociação a partir dos quais certos discursos representacionais e identitários são elaborados, aceitos e confrontados. De modo mais específico, e considerando a realidade de determinados contextos sociais marcados pela desigualdade e pelas assimetrias de poder, analisa-se o caráter ideológico da informação e como o mesmo incide no processo de constituição dos quadros de sentido responsáveis por delinear uma imagem dissonante do outro e dos grupos em que nos encontramos inseridos.
A ressignificação da praça pública e do sebo como lugares de mediação cultural
Authors: Pajeú Hélio Márcio , Sobral Ana Carolina Correia
Published: January 2019

O trabalho apresenta parte de uma pesquisa etnometodológica, iniciada em julho de 2013, acerca da Praça do Sebo, localizada no centro da cidade do Recife, que desde 1981 abriga alfarrabistas, distribuídos em 19 boxes, tornando-se um espaço único na cidade para venda de livros antigos, novos, raros e usados. Procurou-se entender o conceito de praça pública e sua importância para a configuração da cidadania, a fim de estabelecer uma possibilidade de ressignificação dos espaços urbanos a partir da mediação cultural. Situa historicamente a relação dos sebos e livreiros com o espaço na construção de memórias coletivas e aborda a problemática do bibliotecário como produtor e mediador de cultura. Apresenta as práticas do projeto #MovimentePraçaDoSebo e alguns resultados alcançados, relatando as experiências e ações culturais já realizadas ao longo de seu desenvolvimento.
Produção, busca e compartilhamento de informação no contexto do comércio móvel
Authors: Moura Maria Aparecida , Faria André Fagundes
Published: January 2019

Aborda o conceito de consumo. Analisa o desenvolvimento da sociedade de consumo e dos mercados de massa. Identifica características pertencentes ao estudo do comportamento do consumidor. Aborda as modificações no comércio eletrônico causadas por mídias sociais e aplicativos para dispositivos móveis. Apresenta as características do comércio social e do comércio móvel. Discorre sobre as práticas de produção, busca e compartilhamento de informação no contexto do comércio móvel. Evidencia essas práticas informacionais a partir de funcionalidades presentes nos aplicativos Airbnb, Amazon, iFood e Spotify. Constata que, no âmbito do comércio móvel, as práticas informacionais vêm sofrendo modificações que resultam na relação entre consumo informacional, interação mediada e consumo de bens e serviços.
Uso de fontes de informação no monitoramento dos ambientes organizacionais: subsídios para o planejamento estratégico em bibliotecas universitárias brasileiras
Authors: Barbosa Everton Rodrigues , Lira Raquel Alexandre de , Godoy Viera Angel Freddy , Varvakis Gregório
Published: January 2019

O estudo tem como objetivo propor uma categorização das fontes de informação para o monitoramento dos ambientes organizacionais das Bibliotecas Universitárias, levando em consideração que tais recursos informacionais oferecem subsídios para a elaboração do planejamento estratégico. Discute as variáveis ambientais que influenciam na gestão das bibliotecas acadêmicas brasileiras. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como exploratória descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, e utiliza a pesquisa bibliográfica para o levantamento de publicações. Apresenta as principais fontes, obras e autores mencionados na literatura analisada. Conclui que as fontes de informação podem ser categorizadas conforme três segmentos ambientais: o primeiro orientado à percepção do ambiente geral, o segundo voltado para o ambiente organizacional e o terceiro dedicado ao ambiente interno. Recomenda que trabalhos futuros aprofundem a proposta de categorias, considerando sua efetiva aplicabilidade no monitoramento ambiental e planejamento estratégico.
Colaboração científica intraorganizacional: análise de redes por coocorrência de palavras-chave
Authors: Gerotti Franco Nathalia Mendes , Faria Leandro Innocentini Lopes de
Published: January 2019

Pesquisas sobre os impactos da colaboração em pesquisas científicas vêm crescendo nos últimos anos, principalmente com um olhar sobre as implicações políticas e a destinação de recursos financeiros. A colaboração científica pode contemplar diversos níveis de análise, dando ênfase nos aspectos internos – intrainstitucional, (intra)nacional – ou em situar o que está sendo analisado em um contexto externo – interinstitucional, internacional e outros. No entanto, a questão da colaboração intraorganizacional e identificação de possíveis colaborações têm pouca abordagem e estudos. Não há conhecimento de estudos que tratem simultaneamente desses dois temas visando à identificação de oportunidades de colaboração interna em uma instituição. Assim, este trabalho apresenta um panorama da colaboração científica entre os docentes de uma universidade federal do estado de São Paulo, e expõe um procedimento para identificar pesquisadores potenciais para futuras colaborações. A identificação dessas colaborações em potencial baseia-se no acoplamento de autores por temáticas através das palavras-chave lançadas pelos próprios docentes em seus Currículos Lattes. Foram identificados 635 docentes e 2.678 palavras. E, como resultado, é apresentada uma rede de afiliação por palavras-chave, onde é possível identificar os pesquisadores com alto potencial de colaboração, o que pode auxiliar os próprios docentes a identificarem seus possíveis parceiros, além de poder ser utilizada por órgãos institucionais estratégicos para fomentar a colaboração entre os professores internos à organização.
The use of diffusion-tensor imaging to assess microstructural integrity of white matter of patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Perepelov V. A. , Solodovnikov V. I. , Sinitsyn V. E. , Perepelova E. M. , Koberskaya N. N. , Gridin V. N. , Yakhno N. N.
Published: January 2019

Objective. To compare diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) measures in different anatomic regions of the brain in patients with an isolated Alzheimer's disease (AD) and patients with AD and small-vessel disease (SVD).

Material and methods. 20 AD patients, aged 66 (±10), of whom 11 AD patients had an isolated neurodegenerative process and 9 patients, who were diagnosed with AD+SVD, were examined. A research was made on a 3 T Siemens Magnetom Skyra MR-scanner. All participants underwent the same imaging protocol, which included standard clinical- and diffusion tensor pulse sequences. With an MR-image processing software package Olea Medical Sphere 3.0, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial and radial diffusivity (AxD and RxD) were measured in different brain regions.

Results. Significant differences in DTI measures (FA, MD, AxD, RxD), indicating more severe white matter microstructural damage in AD+SVD patients, compared with patients with an isolated AD, were observed in middle thalamic radiation, upper and lower longitudinal bundles, posterior part of cingulate gyrus and genu of corpus callosum.

Conclusion. DTI is an informative method, highly sensitive in detecting difference in white matter microstructural integrity of brain tissue in individuals with an isolated AD and patients with AD+SVD.
Semantic Segmentation on Remotely Sensed Images Using an Enhanced Global Convolutional Network with Channel Attention and Domain Specific Transfer Learning
Authors: Panboonyuen Teerapong , Jitkajornwanich Kulsawasd , Lawawirojwong Siam , Srestasathiern Panu , Vateekul Peerapon
Published: January 2019

In the remote sensing domain, it is crucial to complete semantic segmentation on the raster images, e.g., river, building, forest, etc, on raster images. A deep convolutional encoder--decoder (DCED) network is the state-of-the-art semantic segmentation method for remotely sensed images. However, the accuracy is still limited, since the network is not designed for remotely sensed images and the training data in this domain is deficient. In this paper, we aim to propose a novel CNN for semantic segmentation particularly for remote sensing corpora with three main contributions. First, we propose applying a recent CNN called a global convolutional network (GCN), since it can capture different resolutions by extracting multi-scale features from different stages of the network. Additionally, we further enhance the network by improving its backbone using larger numbers of layers, which is suitable for medium resolution remotely sensed images. Second, "channel attention'' is presented in our network in order to select the most discriminative filters (features). Third, "domain-specific transfer learning'' is introduced to alleviate the scarcity issue by utilizing other remotely sensed corpora with different resolutions as pre-trained data. The experiment was then conducted on two given datasets: (i) medium resolution data collected from Landsat-8 satellite and (ii) very high resolution data called the ISPRS Vaihingen Challenge Dataset. The results show that our networks outperformed DCED in terms of $F1$ for 17.48% and 2.49% on medium and very high resolution corpora, respectively.
Water-Yield Relationships in Deficit Irrigated Cabbage
Authors: AYAS Serhat
Published: January 2019

Abstract This trial was realized in Yenisehir Vocational School between 2007 and 2008 on the purpose of study out the influence of lack of water in four growth periods of cabbage. In this trial, fourteen irrigation treatments was formed considering the growth periods (establishment, vegetative, yield formation and ripening) of cabbage (Brassicaceae Oleracea var. capitata L. Grandslam F1) and the results obtained from these treatments were evaluated. According to the content of the treatments, the water amount to the plants varied between 0 and 524 mm in the 2007 year, and between 0 and 536 mm in the 2008 year. Water consumption of cabbage in the 2007 year ranged between 200 and 795 mm and in the 2008 year ranged between 190 and 802 mm. Yield, head weight, diameter, height and dry matter ratio were determined statistically important. In 2007 and 2008 years, the maximal yield were found as 74.2 t ha-1 and 72.4 t ha-1 in the E100V100Y100R100 treatments, while the minimal yield were found as 2.0 t ha-1 and 4.0 ha-1 in the E0V0Y0R0 treatments, respectively. Water- yield relationship factor (ky) in 2007 and 2008 years were found as 0.96 and 0.97, respectively.
Metabolomics Characterizes the Effects and Mechanisms of Quercetin in the Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development
Authors: Xu Yan , Han Jichun , Dong Jinjin , Fan Xiangcheng , Cai Yuanyuan , Li Jing , Wang Tao , Zhou Jia , Shang Jing
Published: January 2019

As metabolomics is widely used in the study of disease mechanisms, more and more studies have found that metabolites play an important role in the occurrence of diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects and mechanisms of quercetin in high-fat-sucrose diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development using nontargeted metabolomics. A rat model of NAFLD was established by feeding with a HFD for 30 and 50 days. Results indicated quercetin exhibited hepatoprotective activity in HFD-induced NAFLD rats in 30 days by regulating fatty acids related metabolites (adrenic acid, etc.), inflammation related metabolites (arachidonic acid, etc.), oxidative stress related metabolites (2-hydroxybutyric acid) and other differential metabolites (citric acid, etc.). However, quercetin couldn’t improve NAFLD in 50 days maybe it couldn’t reverse the inflammation condition induced by long-term high-fat diet. These data indicate that dietary quercetin may be beneficial to NAFLD at early stages. Furthermore, combining metabolomics and experimental approaches opens up avenues of effects and mechanisms of drugs for complex diseases.
Optical oxygen sensing with artificial intelligence
Authors: Michelucci Umberto , Baumgartner Michael , Venturini Francesca
Published: January 2019

Luminescence-based sensors for measuring oxygen concentration are widely used both in industry and research due to the practical advantages and sensitivity of this type of sensing. The measuring principle is the luminescence quenching by oxygen molecules, which results in a change of the luminescence decay time and intensity. In the standard approach, this change is related to an oxygen concentration using the Stern–Volmer equation. This equation, which in most of the cases is non-linear, is parametrized through device-specific constants. Therefore, to determine these parameters every sensor needs to be precisely calibrated at one or more known concentrations. This work explores an entirely new artificial intelligence approach and demonstrates the feasibility of oxygen sensing through machine learning. The specifically developed neural network learns very efficiently to relate the input quantities to the oxygen concentration. The results show a mean deviation of the predicted from the measured concentration of 0.5 % air, comparable to many commercial and low-cost sensors. Since the network was trained using synthetically generated data, the accuracy of the model predictions is limited by the ability of the generated data to describe the measured data, opening up future possibilities for significant improvement by using a large number of experimental measurements for training. The approach described in this work demonstrates the applicability of artificial intelligence to sensing technology and paves the road for the next generation of sensors.