bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Malaria Infection Prevalence and Household Vector Density between Mass Distribution Campaigns of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Mosha Jacklin Franklin , Lukole Eliud , Charlwood J Derek , Wright Alexandra , Bullock Olivia , Manjurano Alphaxard , Kisinza William , Mosha Franklin W , Kleinschmidt Immo , Rowland Mark , Protopopoff Natacha
Published: April 2020

Background Long lasting insecticide nets (LLIN) are the intervention most widely deployed in Sub-Saharan Africa to prevent malaria. Recent reports indicate selection of pyrethroid insecticide resistance is widespread in mosquito vectors. This paper explores the risk factors associated with malaria infection prevalence and vector density between mass distribution campaigns of LLIN in Northern Tanzania. Methods A cross sectional malaria survey of 3,456 children was undertaken in 2014. Vector density was assessed using indoor light traps and outdoor tent traps. Anophelines were identified to species using PCR and tested for falciparum circumsporozoite protein. Logistic regression was used to identify household and environmental factors associated with malaria infection and vector density. Results LLIN use was 27.7%. Only 16.9% of households had sufficient nets to cover all sleeping places. Malaria infection was independently associated with access to LLIN (OR: 0.57; 95%CI 0.34 – 0.98), age group, altitude and house construction quality. LLIN less than 2 years old were more protective than older LLIN (53% vs 65% prevalence of infection); however, there was no evidence that LLIN in good condition (hole index <65) were more protective than LLIN which were more holed. Independent risk factors for vector density were consistent with malaria outcomes and included altitude, wind, livestock, house quality, open eaves and LLIN access. Indoor collections comprised 4.6% Anopheles funestus and 95.4% An. gambiae of which 4.5% were An. arabiensis and 93.5% were An. gambiae s.s . Conclusion Three years after the mass distribution campaign and despite top-ups, LLIN usage had fallen considerably. While children living in households with access to LLIN were at lower risk of malaria, infection prevalence remained high even among users of LLIN in good condition. While effort should be made to maintain high coverage between campaigns, distribution of just standard pyrethroid LLIN appears insufficient to prevent malaria transmission in this area of intense pyrethroid resistance.
Residual stress variation in SiCf/SiC composite during heat treatment and its effects on mechanical behavior
Authors: Chen Xiaowu , Cheng Guofeng , Zhang Junmin , Guo Feiyu , Zhou Haijun , Liao Chunjin , Wang Hongda , Zhang Xiangyu , Dong Shaoming
Published: April 2020

Residual stress originated from thermal expansion mismatch determines the mechanical properties of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). Here, continuous SiC fiber reinforced SiC matrix (SiCf/SiC) composites were fabricated by nano-infiltration and transient eutectic-phase (NITE) method, and variation of residual stress in the constituent phases was investigated using high-temperature Raman spectrometer. With temperature increasing from room temperature to 1400°C, residual stresses of the matrix and the fiber decrease from 1.29 GPa to 0.62 GPa and from 0.84 GPa to 0.55 GPa in compression respectively, while that of the interphase decreases from 0.16 GPa to 0.10 GPa in tension. The variation of residual stress shows little effect in the tensile strength of the composites, while causes a slight decrease in the tensile strain. Suppression of fiber/matrix debonding and fiber pulling-out caused by the residual stress reduction in the interphase is responsible for the decreasing tensile strain. This work can open up new alternatives for residual stress analysis in CMCs.
New Mutation Sites of KIF21A Gene in Chinese Patients with Congenital Fibrosis of the Extraocular Muscles
Authors: Xia CuiRan , Li Danjie , Shi Ruilan , Nan Lianghuan , Hao Jing , Jia Yading
Published: April 2020

Background Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) is a rare hereditary nonprogressive disorder characterized by bilateral ptosis, with severely limited ocular motility. We report a new mutation site of KIF21A gene in a Chinese family with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 1 (CFEOM1). Methods We conducted a retrospective study of case series. Standard ocular examinations were performed on 10 persons in a CFEOM1 family. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to sequence 828 genes related to oculopathy. To detect mutations, we determined the splice sites of the KIF21A gene. Results The five patients with CFEOM1 were found in the ten people of a Chinese family on three generations. A new KIF21A pathogenic SNP mutation site KIF21A-ex20 c.2821C> T (p.Arg941Trp) was identified by compared with human genome reference genes and Sanger sequencing. Conclusions A new KIF21A pathogenic SNP mutation site KIF21A-ex20 c.2821C> T (p.Arg941Trp) may be a major disease‑causing gene for the Chinese family with CFEOM1.
Ontogeny of hepatic metabolism in mule ducks highlights different gene expression profiles between carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways
Authors: Massimino William , Davail Stéphane , Seccula Aurélie , Andrieux Charlotte , Bernadet Marie-Dominique , Pioche Tracy , Ricaud Karine , Gontier Karine , Morisson Mireille , Collin Anne , Panserat Stéphane , Houssier Marianne
Published: April 2020

Background : The production of foie gras involves different metabolic pathways in the liver of overfed ducks such as lipid synthesis and carbohydrates catabolism, but the establishment of these pathways has not yet been described with precision during embryogenesis. The early environment can have short- and long-term impacts on the physiology of many animal species and can be used to influence physiological responses that is called programming. This study proposes to describe the basal hepatic metabolism at the level of mRNA in mule duck embryos in order to reveal potential interesting programming windows in the context of foie gras production. To this end, a kinetic study was designed to determine the level of expression of selected genes involved in steatosis-related liver functions throughout embryogenesis. The livers of 20 mule duck embryos were collected every four days from the 12 th day of embryogenesis (E12) until 4 days after hatching (D4), and gene expression analysis was performed. The expression levels of 50 mRNAs were quantified for these 7 sampling points and classified into 4 major cellular pathways. Results : Interestingly, most mRNAs involved in lipid metabolism are overexpressed after hatching (FASN, SCD1, ACOX1), whereas genes implicated in carbohydrate metabolism (HK1, GAPDH, GLUT1) and development (HGF, IGF, FGFR2) are predominantly overexpressed from E12 to E20. Finally, regarding cellular stress, gene expression appears quite stable throughout development, contrasting with strong expression after hatching (CYP2E1, HSBP1, HSP90AA1). Conclusion : For the first time we described the kinetics of hepatic ontogenesis at mRNA level in mule ducks and highlighted different expression patterns depending on the cellular pathway. These results could be particularly useful in the design of embryonic programming for the production of foie gras.
Application of asset pricing models: evidence from Saudi exchange
Authors: Mohammad Salameh Hussein
Published: April 2020

The Saudi Arabia Stock Exchange (Tadawul) is one of the biggest emerging Stock Exchanges in the Middle East region. Therefore, this research aims to apply Fama and French (2015) 5-factor model on Tadawul, and compares it with the Fama and French 3-factor model and CAPM to check the applicability of the models in Tadawul and the identity of the factors that can affect stock returns. Furthermore, the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) regression has been implemented to examine the impact between the variables in the models. Empirically, the results show that Fama and French (2015) 5-factor model is the most consistent model in comparison to the other two models in terms of explaining the cross-section of average stock returns in Tadawul. However, it is not the best according to the intercepts results of all the regressions in 2x3, 2x2, or 2x2x2x2 sorts. Besides, Fama and French (2015) 5-factor model has the highest explanatory power in most of the portfolios based on the adjusted R2 regardless of the sort (2x3, 2x2, or 2x2x2x2). Finally, the results conclude that Fama and French (2015) 5-factor model can be an applicable model in Tadawul but only market and size can affect the stock returns, while the value, profitability, and investment cannot. Accordingly, the author recommends that, as a continuation of this research, further research can be done, which investigates a model with additional factors like momentum and illiquidity.
Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Üstün Yetenekli Çocukların Tanılanması ve Eğitimlerine İlişkin Algıları
Authors: BİLDİREN Ahmet , GÜR Gamze , SAĞKAL Ali Serdar , ÖZDEMİR Yalçın
Published: April 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin üstün yeteneğe ilişkin algılarının incelenmesidir. Nitel bir çalışma olarak kurgulanan bu araştırmada, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak Aydın ilinde bulunan Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı resmi ve özel okullarda görev yapan toplam 40 okul öncesi öğretmeniyle görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşme verilerinin analizinde içerik analizi tekniği uygulanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, öğretmenlerin üstün yeteneği daha çok performans, zekâ, yaratıcılık ve yetenek boyutlarıyla tanımladıklarını göstermiştir. Üstün yeteneğin tanılanmasında, katılımcılar daha çok uzman değerlendirmesinin gerekliliğine vurgu yapmışlardır. Okul öncesi dönemde üstün yeteneğin tanılanması, çocukların akademik ve yetenek gelişimi açısından önemli görülmüştür. Üstün yetenekli çocukların eğitiminde ek etkinlik kullanımı ile ayrı eğitim önerileri sıklıkla vurgulanmıştır. Üstün yetenekli çocukların eğitiminde sınıf ortamlarında yapılabilecek düzenlemelere ilişkin materyal ve öğrenme merkezi kullanımı daha sık dile getirilmiştir. Üstün yetenekli çocukların eğitiminde karşılaşılan çok sayıda güçlük dile getirilirken, bununla birlikte öğretmenlerin kendilerini yeterlik ve donanım açısından zayıf değerlendirmeleri dikkat çeken bir bulgu olmuştur.
Analysis of spatio-temporal climate variability of a shallow lake catchment in Tanzania
Authors: Nyembo Latifa O. , Larbi Isaac , Rwiza Mwemezi J.
Published: April 2020

This study analyzed the trends and spatio-temporal variability in rainfall and temperature, and the length of the rainy season (LRS) in the Lake Manyara catchment, Tanzania, covering a period between 1988 and 2018 using stations and satellite climate product. The Mann-Kendall statistical test, Sen's slope estimator, and inverse distance weighting interpolation techniques were used to detect the trends, magnitude of trends and spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature. A modified Stern's method and water balance concept were used for rainfall onset, cessation and LRS analysis, while a standardized precipitation index (SPI) was used to investigate the wetness or dryness of the area. The results showed high variability and decreasing trend (4 mm/y) in annual rainfall, and non-significant increasing trend for minimum and maximum temperature. Rainfall increased from the western to the northern part of the catchment whereas a reversal pattern was noticed for temperature. The SPI shows a signal of normal condition (about 65%) for all stations – with few years showing evidence of wetter and drier conditions. The LRS showed a decreasing trend indicating a potential negative influence on rain-dependent activities. There is a need, therefore, for adaptation measures such as improving water productivity and irrigation at the farm and catchment level.
New insights in the use of a strong cationic resin in dye adsorption
Authors: Santander Paola , Oyarce Estefanía , Sánchez Julio
Published: April 2020

The adsorption of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solution was evaluated using a cationic polymer (Amberlite IRA 402) in batch experiments under different experimental variables such as amount of resin, concentration of MO, optimum interaction time and pH. The maximum adsorption capacity of the resin was 161.3 mg g−1 at pH 7.64 at 55 °C and using a contact time of 300 min, following the kinetics of the pseudo-first-order model in the adsorption process. The infinite solution volume model shows that the adsorption rate is controlled by the film diffusion process. In contrast, the chemical reaction is the decisive step of the adsorption rate when the unreacted core model is applied. A better fit to the Langmuir model was shown for equilibrium adsorption studies. From the thermodynamic study it was observed that the sorption capacity is facilitated when the temperature increases.
Orally Administered Nanotherapeutics For Parkinson’s Disease: An Old Delivery System Yet More Acceptable
Authors: Aggarwal Nidhi , Qamar Zufika , Rehman Saleha , Baboota Sanjula , Ali Javed
Published: April 2020

As per the present global scenario, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is considered to be the second most common
neurodegenerative disorder which is a keen area of interest among researchers. The conventional therapies
generally employed against PD are associated with serious drawbacks including limited transport across selectively
permeable BBB, hepatic metabolism, intestinal barrier, etc. This urges the need to develop novel therapeutic
alternatives. The oral route being the most preferred route of administration needs to be explored for new and
more intelligent drug delivery systems. Nanotechnology has been proposed to play a promising role in reversing
the progression of the disease via the oral route. Nanocarriers, namely nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions,
nanocrystals, nanomicellar formulations, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems and alginate
nanocomposites have been investigated upon to modulate the fate of drugs inside the human body when administered
orally. The development of various nanotherapeutics for the treatment of PD has been reviewed, depicting
an enhanced bioavailability to provide a desired therapeutic outcome. The new advances in the therapy have been
explored and highlighted through the body of this review. However, a therapeutically effective concentration at
the target site remains a challenge, therefore extensive exploration in the field of nanotherapeutics may facilitate
superior drug delivery to CNS via oral route thereby improving the state of disease progression.
Bioremediation of Simulated Textile Effluent by an Efficient Bio-catalyst Purified from a Novel Pseudomonas fluorescence LiP-RL5
Authors: Rathour Ranju K. , Sharma Vaishali , Rana Nidhi , Bhatia Ravi K. , Bhatt Arvind K.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Microbial degradation of highly stable textile dyes, using lignin peroxidase,
is an eco-friendly, less expensive and much advantageous in comparison to the
chemical method.

Objective:

Biodegradation potential of lignin peroxidase (LiP), from Pseudomonas fluorescens
LiP-RL5, was enhanced after optimization and purification so as to use it as a potential
bioresource for the treatment of textile effluent.

Methods:

LiP producing bacterial isolate was primarily screened by methylene blue assay
followed by LiP assay. The standard protocol was used for purification of lignin peroxidase
and purified LiP was finally used for degradation of textile dyes.

Results:

57 bacterial isolates were screened for lignin peroxidase activity. Isolate LiP-RL5
showed maximum activity (19.8 ±0.33 %) in terms of methylene blue reduction in comparison
to others. Biochemical and molecular characterization of LiP-RL5 showed 99 % similarity
with P. fluorescens. Lignin peroxidase activity was increased by 50 % after optimization
of cultural conditions. Maximum enhancement in the activity was achieved when peptone
was used as a nitrogen source. LiP from P. fluorescens LiP-RL5 was further purified up to 2
folds. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a single protein band of approximately 40 kDa. Enzyme
also showed high catalytic efficiency with Km= 6.94 mM and Vmax= 78.74 μmol/ml/min. Purified
enzyme was able to decolorize the simulated textile effluent up to 45.05 ±0.28 % after
40 minutes.

Conclusion:

: High catalytic efficiency of purified LiP from P. fluorescens LiP-RL5 suggests
its utility as a potential candidate for biodegradation of toxic dyes in the industrial effluent,
which could be successfully utilized for wastewater treatment at commercial level.
Facebook Ads Manager as a Recruitment Tool for a Health and Safety Survey of Farm Mothers: Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Burke Richard R , Weichelt Bryan P , Namkoong Kang
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Social media platforms have experienced unprecedented levels of growth and usage over the past decade, with Facebook hosting 2.7 billion active users worldwide, including over 200 million users in the United States. Facebook users have been underutilized and understudied by the academic community as a resource for participant recruitment.

OBJECTIVE

We performed a pilot study to explore the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of Facebook advertisements for the recruitment of an online agricultural health and safety survey.

METHODS

We undertook a 1-week advertising campaign utilizing the integrated, targeted advertising platform of Facebook Ads Manager with a target-spending limit of US $294. We created and posted three advertisements depicting varying levels of agricultural safety adoption leading to a brief survey on farm demographics and safety attitudes. We targeted our advertisements toward farm mothers aged 21-50 years in the United States and determined cost-effectiveness and potential biases. No participant incentive was offered.

RESULTS

We reached 40,024 users and gathered 318 advertisement clicks. Twenty-nine participants consented to the survey with 24 completions. Including personnel costs, the cost per completed survey was US $17.42. Compared to the distribution of female producers in the United States, our advertisements were unexpectedly overrepresented in the eastern United States and were underrepresented in the western United States.

CONCLUSIONS

Facebook Ads Manager represents a potentially cost-effective and timely method to recruit participants for online health and safety research when targeting a specific population. However, social media recruitment mirrors traditional recruitment methods in its limitations, exhibiting geographic, response, and self-selection biases that need to be addressed.
Diversity of Natural Enemies Associated with Refuge Flowering Plants of Zinnia elegans, Cosmos sulphureus, and Tagetes erecta in Rice Ecosystem
Authors: Aldini Gracia Melsiana , Martono Edhi , Trisyono Y. Andi
Published: April 2020

The presence of flowering plants is essential to the conservation of natural enemies in some particular ecosystems, such as agroecosystem. The objectives of this research were to determine the natural enemies associated with refugial flowering plants Zinnia elegans, Cosmos sulphureus, and Tagetes erecta planted in the rice bunts. The research took place in the rice farms in the villages of Jatisarono, Wijimulyo, and Tanjungharjo, Nanggulan Regency, Kulon Progo, District. The natural enemies were observed using three different methods: insect nets, pitfall, and direct observation. The observations were conducted in the morning, between 07.00-10.00 a.m., with an interval twice a week for 8-weeks. The natural enemies were identified to the family level. Diversity index (Shannon-Wienner), evenness index, and dominance were calculated for each plant. The diversity index for Z. elegans, C. sulphureus, and T. erecta fell in the category of medium ranging from 1.328-1.581 with medium evenness (0.365-0.574) and high dominance of 0.314-0.453. Natural enemies associated with C. sulphureus and Z. elegans were more compared to those associated with T. erecta.
Detection and Control Bacteria Cause Grain Rot Burkholderia glumae on Rice
Authors: Syahri Syahri , Somantri Renny Utami , Sasmita Priatna
Published: April 2020

Burkholderia glumae, before mid-2018, is categorized as plant quarantine pest A2 Group 1 that its existence has been detected in Indonesia. B. glumae  has been known to spread in the central production of rice in Java, Sumatra, Borneo dan Sulawesi. This review aimed to explain the strategies for B. glumae detection through its characteristics and to prevent the divergence  of this bacterium in Indonesia. The previous studies reported that the bacteria could reduce yield up to 75% and caused the decrease  of weight-grain or the increase  of empty grain. The disease intensity is affected by environmental and physiological factors such as warm temperature at nighttime and high rainfall intensity. The optimum temperature for the development of the disease is 30–35°C. Moreover, the pathogen could survive at a temperature of 41°C. The tropical area of 32-36°C are suitable for B. glumae. Recently, the effective control of the disease in the field has not been found yet. Meanwhile, early detection of the disease is not yet determined,  even though  it is necessary  to prevent its spread in rice cultivation in Indonesia. Detection of the disease by Agricultural Quarantine Agency as a frontline is needed to check the entry of the disease carried by the import activities of the seed. Detection in the suspected field by protection institutes through frequent surveillance in central production areas of rice should be considered  as an important task.. The effective techniques to prevent B. glumae are the use of resistant varieties, the practice of seed treatments (using antibacterial, bactericide, heat treatment or plant extract), and  the application of oxolinic acid to the crops.
Group Empowerment Trough Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) in Karangbesuki Village, Malang City
Authors: Ihya Hanafi , Syafrieyana Yana , Sihidi Iradhad Taqwa
Published: April 2020

This study aims to determine the empowerment process in the KRPL program conducted by the Malang Agriculture Service-KP Office at Cemara Hijau KWT Karangbesuki Village. This program is the government's effort to maintain the existence of agriculture and food security from decreasing urban agricultural land through the empowerment of domestic women's groups. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, using Wilson's empowerment process which includes the process of awakening, understanding, harnessing, and using. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the empowerment research on the vegetable cultivation activity KRPL program, KWT CHF can produce food contributions with a harvest weight of 25-40 kg. Within one month KWT CHF earns an income of around Rp. 1,000,000 to Rp. 2,500,000 from the sale of harvested vegetables. The income is used to pay salaries of Rp. 5,000 per day to active CHF KWT members. Active members earn income around Rp. 250,000 to Rp. 350,000 per month. The research concludes that KWT CHF has been empowered and can be said to be successful. This success was seen from the additional income obtained by KWT CHF from the KRPL program activities in Karangbesuki Village.Keywords: Empowering Women Farmers Group, revenue additions, KRPL Program
THEME AND THEMATIC STRUCTURE IN RESORT GURU GURU VOL.6 BROCHURE
Authors: Yanthi Putu Marlina , Umiyati Mirsa
Published: April 2020

Every clause has its own character as a message which is known as thematic structure. Its elements are divided into theme and rheme. Therefore this research gives an overview about theme and its development in the text. The purpose of this study is to describe (1) the types of themes contained in the Resort Guru Guru vol.6 brochure and (2) how the form of the thematic progression is contained in Resort Guru Guru vol.6 brochure. This research data is obtained from the written text contained in a brochure namely Resort Guru Guru vol.6. Data were analyzed by using thematic theory by Halliday and Mathiessen and theory of theme development by Paltridge. Based on the analysis, there are two findings in the analysis of items contained in the brochure that is (1) the fillers of theme in the clause is divided by types of clause consisting of declarative, interrogative, and imperative clauses. (2) the theme development pattern contained in this brochure consists of constant theme, linear theme, and split rheme, and there is also another pattern that is the development between rheme to rheme and between rheme to theme and rheme.
Desempenhos econômico e financeiro dos clubes de futebol participantes dos campeonatos brasileiros das séries A, B e C no ano de 2017
Authors: Iago dos Santos Raidan , Da Silva Valdemir , Everaldo Silva da Costa Carlos , Sérgio Cavalcante Paulo
Published: April 2020

O estudo tem por objetivo evidenciar os desempenhos econômico e financeiro dos clubes que participaram das séries A, B e C dos campeonatos brasileiros no ano de 2017, caracterizando-se metodologicamente como descritivo, documental e investigativo a fim de angariar informações da amostra de 38 clubes. Para esclarecer a situação econômico-financeira, foram utilizados indicadores usualmente colocados pela literatura e aplicada estatística descritiva para relacionar e evidenciar os resultados concluídos em cada série analisada. Os resultados revelaram, em suma, que os clubes das séries A, B e C possuem um aspecto financeiro deficiente e econômico pouco lucrativo, o que fica claro com à exposição dos indicadores. No teste comparativo entre médias, os resultados mostraram que os clubes da série A conseguem obter lucratividade (ML) maior que os clubes da série B e ainda conseguem obter retorno sobre os investimentos totais (RSA) maior que os clubes da série C. Os clubes da série B apresentam uma alta dependência de recursos de terceiros (PCT), maior que os clubes da série C, entretanto, obtêm lucratividade maior diante de seus investimentos totais (RSA).
Cross-cultural Education in the Formation of Supranational Communal Competence
Authors: Nikitorowicz Jerzy
Published: April 2020

The text presents the assumptions of cross-cultural education, emphasizing that in the multicultural world it is necessary to look for solutions used in the past as regards the formation and functioning of supranational communities. The author believes that currently, in light of increasing nationalisms, cross-cultural competence that enables the formation of supranational communities is indispensable.

He points out that we should refer to the tradition of the Commonwealth of many nations in this respect. He considers the functioning of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, experiences of the multicultural policy of that time, where other nations were treated with appreciation and respect, as something that should be accomplished by contemporary cross-cultural education. He highlights the need to draw on that multicultural experiment, to reflect on it and analyze it in order to realize the essence of tradition of civil liberties and relationships between free people and communities based on freedom.
Influence of the Shape of the Test Specimen Produced by 3D Printing on the Stress Distribution in the Matrix and in Long Reinforcing Fibers
Authors: Handrik Marián , Vaško Milan , Majko Jaroslav , Sága Milan , Dorčiak Filip
Published: April 2020

The stress distribution in specimens designed for the tensile testing is evaluated in the article. The reinforcement consists of long fibers that copy the outer contour of the specimen. The fibers are inserted within the curvature at the edge of the specimen with the neck. The stress distribution in fibers and matrix of dogbone specimen and specimen of rectangular shape is analyzed and compared. The analysis of stress state is analyzed in FEM software ADINA. Long fibers deposited in specimen were modeled using rebar elements.
Modeling of the Controlled Air Spring
Authors: Rágulík Jiří , Sivčák Michal
Published: April 2020

The pneumatic springs are frequently used as a machine component. They are mainly used for passive vibration damping with the possibility to regulate the working height of the springs. The paper describes the creation of a mathematical model of a spring controlled thru the PID regulator. At conclusion are summarized the limits of PID control and sketches the future possibility of substituting the PID controller by a neural network.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Low GWP Refrigerant Mixtures in a Refrigerator as Replacement to R-134A
Authors: Hasheer Sk Mohammad , Srinivas Kolla
Published: April 2020

Chlorofluorocarbons and hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are replaced by hydroflourocarbons (HFCs) which is not harmful to the ozone layer. However, few of HFCs have a relatively high global warming potential (GWP) and are subject to further examination due to growing concerns about global climate change. The goal now is to find the next generation of environmentally sustainable work fluids with an insignificant direct environmental impact in terms of ozone depletion and global warming potential. This document introduces the mixture of low-GWP refrigerants like R440A, R430A, R1234ze (E)/152a (50:50 by mass), R290/600a (40/60), R290/600(60/40), R290/600(50/50), ARM 42,ARM 42a and AC5 are used to replace R-134a in a domestic refrigeration system without doing any modifications to the system. The performance of the refrigerator was observed in terms of volumetric cooling capacity, blower discharge temperature, and coefficient of performance, refrigeration effect and energy consumption of a blower.
Impact of trainee involvement on patient radiation exposure and contrast volumes during invasive cardiac procedures
Authors: Kansal Vinay , Simard Trevor , Di Santo Pietro , Chong Aun Yeong , So Derek , Hossain Alomgir , Small Gary , Chow Benjamin J.W. , Hibbert Benjamin
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The impact of cardiology fellows (CFs) and interventional cardiology fellows (ICFs) on patient radiation and contrast exposure during diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention is unknown.

Methods: Between 2011 and 2014, 16,175 cases were retrospectively assessed

involving 27 CFs, 22 ICFs and 24 staff as primary operators.

Results: During diagnostic coronary angiography, ICFs administered the lowest radiation dose (5,648±5,523 cGy*cm2; 1.30 ± 1.27 mSv)—achieving 22% less radiation than the staff (6,889±4,294 cGy*cm2; 1.58 ± 0.99 mSv) and 36% less than CFs (7,700±6,751 cGy*cm2; 1.77 ± 1.55 mSv) (p<0.01). When adjusted for access site, CFs administered more radiation than either the ICFs or staff. However, differences between ICFs and staff were exclusively observed during transradial procedures (p<0.01). With regards to contrast administration, ICFs administered less contrast (126.3 ± 57.6 mL) than either CFs (130±52.4 mL) or staff (132.7±47.6 mL) (p<0.01)—again, a finding isolated to the transradial cohort. Of the 6,751 percutaneous coronary intervention cases, no significant differences existed between the ICFs or staff cardiologists in patient radiation exposure—but a CF as the primary operator resulted in an 18% increase in radiation exposure. Notably, contrast use was not different amongst the types of operators (p<0.05).

Conclusion: In conclusion, having a cardiology fellow as primary operator during invasive cardiac procedures increases patient radiation exposure and minimally increases contrast administration. Strategies to minimize patient radiation exposure while maintaining trainee involvement should be evaluated.
An exercise in scientific writing for physicians in training
Authors: Whittaker Heather T. , Skerritt Lashanda , Dankner Matthew , Eisenberg Mark J.
Published: April 2020

It is important to strengthen critical thinking and scientific writing abilities during medical training to support trainees in their research endeavors and prepare students for careers in academic medicine. This commentary describes an interactive workshop to encourage student engagement with scientific literature and contribution to scholarly discourse by writing letters to the editor (LTEs). Students in the MD-PhD program at McGill University were asked to identify an article from a high-impact journal and think about ways in which they could address its scientific content. Students completed this preparation on their own time and then attended a 90-minute workshop where their LTEs were finalized and submitted. The LTE workshops were conducted in 2017 and 2019, and student participation and informal feedback indicated that perceptions of the workshops were positive. The workshops provided students an opportunity to strengthen their critical appraisal and academic communication skills while also contributing to the scientific literature. Letters written by aspiring and practicing physicians add valuable clinical insight to the literature and promote physician engagement with research. Strategies to support the adoption of LTE workshops include incorporating them into longitudinal curricula in medical school and integrating them into journal clubs during residency or fellowship.
Formational acessibilty: the profissional perception in the inclusion of people with intellectual disability
Authors: Girardi Vania Lucia
Published: April 2020

This article objectify expatiate the conception of accessibility for practices in the time / space of leisure of the person with intellectual disability in the city of Curitiba, Paraná. This research was based in a qualitative method and data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 06 managers of the City Hall of Curitiba, analysis of dissemination materials and information available on the City Hall website between the years of 2013 to 2016. This analysis points to many barriers faced by people with intellectual disability in accessing their rights and public leisure services at City Hall. It is evident that, in order to overcome the “formational” barrier, it is necessary to have continued professional qualification and scientific knowledge about people with intellectual disability in addition to a sensitive human outlook about them, so that laws and practices of public policies services for people with intellectual disability are effectivel y implemented.
Ideas of F. Nietzsche in the context of the concept of subjectivation
Authors: Rusakov Sergei Sergeevich
Published: April 2020

The subject of this research is the link between the concept of human in the works of F. Nietzsche and the concept of subjectivation proposed by M. Foucault. The author meticulously describes the problem of seeking the element of the concept of subjectivation in writings of the German philosopher, and demonstrates why F. Nietzsche should be referred to as one of the main critics and reformers of classical concept of a subject. Special attention is paid to correlation of the early and late works of the German critic, which intertextuality leads to understanding of the wholeness of Nietzsche’s doctrine and consistency of his views upon the problem of a human. It is underlined that some of his works feature the practices of self, similar to the classical and Christian culture of self-nurturing. The article applies critical, comparative and intertextual method of analysis of the works of F. Nietzsche and some of his interpreters. The main conclusion lies in establishment of the link between the criticism of Platonism, Christianity and gnoseology of Modern Age through determination of strict sense of human as a subject and his connection with the world reflected in the works of Friedrich Nietzsche. Despite his disagreement with multiple classical and Christian philosophers, he acknowledges some ethical and individual practices proposed by them within the framework of the concept of subjectivation.
Enhancing a De Novo Enzyme Activity by Computationally-Focused, Ultra-Low-Throughput Sequence Screening
Authors: Risso Valeria A. , Romero-Rivera Adrian , Gutierrez-Rus Luis I. , Ortega-Muñoz Mariano , Santoyo-Gonzalez Francisco , Gavira José A. , Sanchez Ruiz Jose Manuel , Kamerlin Shina Caroline Lynn
Published: April 2020

Directed evolution has revolutionized protein engineering. Still, enzyme optimization by random library screening remains a sluggish process, in large part due to futile probing of mutations that are catalytically neutral and/or impair stability and folding. FuncLib (funclib-weizmann.ac.il) is a novel automated computational procedure which uses phylogenetic analysis and Rosetta design to rank enzyme variants with multiple mutations, on the basis of a stability metric. Here, we use it to target the active site region of a minimalist-designed, de novo Kemp eliminase. The similarity between the Michaelis complex and transition state for the enzymatic reaction makes this a particularly challenging system to optimize. Yet, experimental screening of a very small number of active-site, multi-point variants at the top of the predicted stability ranking leads to catalytic efficiencies and turnover numbers (~2·104 M-1 s-1 and ~102 s-1) that compare well with modern natural enzymes, and that approach the catalysis levels for the best Kemp eliminases derived from extensive screening. This result illustrates the promise of FuncLib as a powerful tool with which to speed up directed evolution, by guiding screening to regions of the sequence space that encode stable and catalytically diverse enzymes. Empirical valence bond calculations reproduce the experimental activation energies for the optimized eliminases to within ~2 kcal·mol-1 and indicate that the improvements in activity are linked to better geometric preorganization of the active site. This raises the possibility of further enhancing the stability-guidance of FuncLib by EVB-based computational predictions of catalytic activity, as a generalized approach for computational enzyme design.
A NOVEL COMPUTATIONALLY DESIGNED DRUG TO TREAT THE COVID -19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Cherian Chikoo
Published: April 2020

A computationally designed drug to treat Covid-19
Contribution to the Improvement of an Oral Formulation of Niclosamide, an Antihelmintic Drug Candidate for Repurposing in SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viruses
Authors: Barbosa Eduardo José , Gubitoso Mariana Ribeiro , Bou-Chacra Nádia Araci , Byrn Stephen R. , M. S. Carvalho Flavio , Lima Barros de Araujo Gabriel
Published: April 2020

Niclosamide (NCL) is an effective anthelmintic agent that has been shown to possess broad-spectrum antiviral activity, including against SARS-CoV-2. Due to its poor solubility in aqueous medium, however, the commercially available NCL formulations can act only locally in gastrointestinal worms and are not suitable to achieve plasmatic levels to treat systemic diseases. Consequently, the repurposing of this drug represents a challenge for formulation development with serious risks to the biological availability and can compromise preclinical and clinical outcomes. Herein, we report possible formulation, through the research and development, of stable amorphous solid dispersions to improve its solubility. The results of exploratory screening of NCL-polymer dispersions (performed through X-ray powder diffraction and kinetic solubility studies) indicate that soluplus-niclosamide dispersions can increase its aqueous solubility and, consequently, have the potential to enhance NCL bioavailability. This outcome can be used for the development of oral dosage forms for clinical trials in SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses.
Synthesis and Spectral Properties of 6'-Triazolyl-Dihydroxanthene-Hemicyanine Fused Near-Infrared Dyes
Authors: Lingyue Gu , RENAULT Kévin , ROMIEU Anthony , RICHARD Jean-Alexandre , Srinivasan Rajavel
Published: April 2020

We describe the synthesis of a range of 6’-triazolyl-dihydroxanthene-hemicyanine (DHX-hemicyanine) fused dyes through an effective copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) "click" reaction, with the dual aim of providing molecular diversity and fine tuning spectral properties of these near-infrared (NIR)-active materials. This was implemented by reacting 16 different aliphatic and aromatic azides with a terminal alkynyl-based-DHX-hemicyanine hybrid scaffold prepared in four steps and 35% overall yield from 4-bromosalicylaldehyde. The resulting triazole derivatives have been fully characterized and their optical properties determined both in organic solvents and simulated physiological conditions (phosphate buffered saline containing 5% of bovine serum albumin protein). This systematic study is a first important step towards the development of NIR-I fluorogenic "click-on" dyes or related photoactive agents for light-based diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications.
Utilization of Crop Stubble as Alternate Source of Electricity Generation
Authors: Chandel Sourabh Singh , Upadhyay Era
Published: April 2020

The states of India including Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and Himachal Pradesh follow combine harvesting method followed by burning of crop stubble to clear the fields for next crop. Crop stubble burning is the reason of annual increment in pollution concentrations which lead to massive winter pollution in the region. However, several initiatives for its proper management have been taken up by various departments and institutions of the states’ government but still air pollution level is increasing. Instead of burning the crop residue, it can be used in other ways, which are beneficial to humanity. Keeping in view the increasing problems associated with the crop stubble burning in the state of Punjab, we have taken some steps towards exploring alternative uses of straw instead of burning. This study is an attempt to outline alternative use like use of rice straw for generation of electricity through microbial fuel cell. With the help of this crop stubble, electricity can be produced, and it can be used as a sustainable source of energy in the remote areas. This study underscores the importance of rice straw as a potential source of biomass for recovering energy through MFCs. It is also focused on suggesting policies to the government so that air pollution can be minimized in affected areas.
PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DALAM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Nuryana Zalik
Published: April 2020

Bangsa Indonesia yang semakin besar tidak luput dari kemajuan teknologi informasi ini, walapun pada umumnya berada pada tataran konsumen/pemakain yang kalah jauh dari negara tetangga yang sudah masuk pada tataran desainer teknologi dan produsen komponen-komponen informasi teknologi informasi terutama bidang komputer. Kemajuan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi telah mendorong terjadinya banyak perubahan, termasuk dalam bidang pendidikan yang melahirkan konsep e-learning. Integrasi teknologi informasi dan komunikasi pada pendidikan di madrasah meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan di madrasah dan kemudahan dakwah. Dampak adanya integrasi teknologi informasi dan komunikasi pada pendidikan adalah mendorong percepatan computer literacy pada masyarakat Indonesia. Dunia teknologi informasi kini memberikan banyak pilihan kepada semua orang. Tak terkecuali Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (GPAI). Misalnya e-dukasinet/pembelajaran berbasis internet, penggunaan telematika, e-learning, blog, multimedia resources center, teknologi pembelajaran melalui komik, dan vidio conference. Ada beberapa contoh pemanfaatan teknologi yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pembelajaran PAI yaitu : 1) teknologi audio; 2) teknologi visual; 3) teknologi visual-audio; 4) teknologi berbasis internet. Semua itu dapat digunakan GPAI dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan agama Islam
Kepentingan Pendidikan Humanistik dalam Pengembangan Psikologi
Authors: Zainal Badri Khairul Nizam Bin
Published: April 2020

This article aims to analyze the importance of humanistic education from a psychological standpoint. Humanistic education can be considered as a form of education that promotes positive psychological development. Through humanistic education, human dignity is elevated as much as human intellect can be, and thinking can be further developed. Humanistic education also enlivens human nature through the realization of one's existence. However, humanistic education must be in line with religion so that students will not be confused by the true meaning of freedom. True human values must be based on religion and not on mere logic
sejarah algoritma dan pemrograman
Authors: prayoga Redo
Published: April 2020

sejarah algoritma dan pemrograman
Happiness is from the soul: The nature and origins of our happiness concept
Authors: Yang Fan , Knobe Joshua , Dunham Yarrow
Published: April 2020

What is happiness? Is happiness about feeling good or about being good? Across five studies, we explored the nature and origins of our happiness concept developmentally and cross-linguistically. We found that surprisingly, children as young as age 4 viewed morally bad people as less happy than morally good people, even if the characters all have positive subjective states (Study 1). Moral character did not affect attributions of physical traits (Study 2), and was more powerfully weighted than subjective states in attributions of happiness (Study 3). Moreover, moral character but not intelligence influenced children and adults’ happiness attributions (Study 4). Finally, Chinese people responded similarly when attributing happiness with two words, despite one (“Gao Xing”) being substantially more descriptive than the other (“Kuai Le”) (Study 5). Therefore, we found that moral judgment plays a relatively unique role in happiness attributions, which is surprisingly early emerging and largely independent of linguistic and cultural influences, and thus likely reflects a fundamental cognitive feature of the mind.
Pandemics meet democracy. Experimental evidence from the COVID-19 crisis in Spain
Authors: Amat Francesc , Arenas Andreu , Falcó-Gimeno Albert , Muñoz Jordi
Published: April 2020

The COVID-19 outbreak poses an unprecedented challenge for contemporary democracies. Despite the global scale of the problem, the response has been mainly national, and global coordination has been so far extremely weak. All over the world governments are making use of exceptional powers to enforce lockdowns, often sacrificing civil liberties and profoundly altering the pre-existing power balance, which nurtures fears of an authoritarian turn. Relief packages to mitigate the economic consequences of the lockdowns are being discussed, and there is little doubt that the forthcoming recession will have important distributive consequences. In this paper we study citizens' responses to these democratic dilemmas. We present results from a set of survey experiments run in Spain from March 20 to March 28, together with longitudinal evidence from a panel survey fielded right before and after the virus outbreak. Our findings reveal a strong preference for a national as opposed to a European/international response. The national bias is much stronger for the COVID-19 crisis than for other global problems, such as climate change or international terrorism. We also find widespread demand for strong leadership, willingness to give up individual freedom, and a sharp increase in support for technocratic governance. As such, we document the initial switch in mass public preferences towards technocratic and authoritarian government caused by the pandemic. We discuss to what extent this crisis may contribute to a shift towards a new, self-enforcing political equilibrium.