bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the 13-Valent Conjugated Pneumococcal Vaccine on the Direct Costs of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Requiring Hospital Admission in Children Aged < 5 Years: A Prospective Study
Authors: Hernández Sergi , Navas Encarna , Aznar-Lou Ignacio , Ciruela Pilar , García-García Juan José , Moraga-Llop Fernando , Muñoz-Almagro Carmen , Codina Gemma , F. de Sevilla Mariona F. , González-Peris Sebastià , Esteva Cristina , Planes Ana María , Izquierdo Conchita , Martínez-Osorio Johanna , Campins Magda , Uriona Sonia , Salleras Luis , Serrano-Blanco Antoni , Jané Mireia , Domínguez Ángela
Published: July 2020

The lack of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cost studies may underestimate the eect ofpneumococcal polysaccharide conjugated vaccines (PCV). The objective of this study was to estimatethe direct costs of hospitalized IPD cases. A prospective study was made in children aged <5 yearsdiagnosed with IPD in two high-tech hospitals in Catalonia (Spain) between 2007–2009 (PCV7 period)and 2012–2015 (PCV13 period). Costs were calculated according to 2014 Catalan Health Service ratesusing diagnostic-related groups. In total, 319 and 154 cases were collected, respectively. Pneumoniahad the highest cost (65.7% and 62.0%, respectively), followed by meningitis (25.8% and 26.1%,respectively). During 2007–2015, the costs associated with PCV7 serotypes (Pearson coecient (Pc) =?0.79; p = 0.036) and additional PCV13 serotypes (Pc = ?0.75; p = 0.05) decreased, but those of otherserotypes did not (Pc = 0.23 p = 0.62). The total mean cost of IPD increased in the PCV13 period by31.4% (¿3016.1 vs. ¿3963.9), mainly due to ICU stay (77.4%; ¿1051.4 vs. ¿1865.6). During the PCV13period, direct IPD costs decreased due to a reduction in the number of cases, but cases were more severe and had a higher mean cost. During 2015, IPD costs increased due to an increase in the costsassociated with non-PCV13 serotypes and serotype 3 and this requires further investigation.
Evaluation of Aquaporins 1 and 5 Expression in Rat Parotid Glands After Volumetric Modulated Arc Radiotherapy and Use of Low-Level Laser Therapy at Different Times
Authors: Krueger Gabriel Francisco , de Oliveira Milene Castilhos , Gassen Humberto Thomazi , Sganzerla Juliana Tomaz , Simon Daniel , Grivicich Ivana , Hernández Pedro Antonio González , Miguens-Jr Sergio Augusto Quevedo
Published: July 2020

Introduction: This experimental study investigated the mRNA expression of aquaporins (AQPs) 1 and 5 in the parotid glands of rats irradiated with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and subjected to low-level laser therapy (LLLT) at different time points. Methods: The sample consisted of 30 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into the following groups: control, LLLT alone (LG), radiotherapy alone (RG), and experimental groups that received LLLT at 24 hours (early experimental group [EEG], n=12) and 120 hours (late experimental group [LEG], n=12) after radiotherapy. VMAT was delivered at a single dose (12 Gy) and LLLT was performed with an aluminium-gallium-arsenide diode laser (660 nm, 100 mW), spot area of 0.0028 cm2, energy of 2 J/cm2 applied to 3 spots in the region corresponding to the right parotid gland, for 10 consecutive days. The right parotid gland was resected and prepared for RNA extraction. The gene expression of AQPs was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using specific TaqMan probes, with the HPRT gene as an internal control. Results: The lowest AQP1 gene expression was 0.83 (0.27) with the use of LLLT 24 hours after radiotherapy (EEG), and the highest was 1.56 (0.80) with the use of LLLT alone (LG). Likewise, the lowest AQP5 gene expression was found in the EEG (mean = 0.88; SD = 0.49) and the highest in the LG (mean = 1.29; SD = 0.33). Conclusion: The use of LLLT after radiotherapy may contribute to the maintenance and an increase of these proteins, even when used at a later time point after radiotherapy.
Evaluation of the Effects of 810 nm Diode Laser Alone and in Combination With Gluma©and Chromophore on Dentinal Tubule Occlusion: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis
Authors: Khoubrouypak Zahra , Hasani Tabatabaei Masoumeh , Chiniforush Nasim , Moradi Zohreh
Published: July 2020

Introduction:Tooth hypersensitivity is among the most common patient complaints caused by the response of exposed dentin to external stimuli. No definite treatment has been suggested so far for dentin hypersensitivity (DH). This study aimed to compare the efficacy of the diode laser alone and in combination with Gluma and chromophore in occluding opened dentine tubules and the treatment of DH.Methods:This in vitro study was conducted on 30 extracted human third molars kept in 0.1% thymol solution. The teeth were mounted in transparent acrylic resin and the buccal enamel was cut to expose the outer third of dentin. The samples were then divided into 6 groups of negative control (no smear layer removal), positive control (smear layer removal with 6% citric acid application), 810 nm diode laser irradiation (energy density 55.55 J/cm2 , 1 W for 20 seconds in a continuous mode), chromophore (1 mg/mL indocyanine green, ICG) plus diode laser irradiation (1 W, 20 seconds), Gluma plus diode laser irradiation, and Gluma + chromophore + diode laser. Dentinal tubules were evaluated under a scanning electron microscope at x2000 magnification. The mean percentage of the obstruction of dentinal tubules was reported as mean and standard deviation. Considering the normal distribution of the data, two-way ANOVA was applied to compare the efficacy of treatments, and an independent-samples t test was used for pairwise comparisons at P<0.05 level of significance.Results:The highest mean percentage of the obstruction of dentinal tubules was noted in the diode laser/chromophore/Gluma group (65.68±12.31%) while the lowest value was noted in the diode laser/Gluma group (24.33±5.90%). Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences between all groups (P<0.05) except for the difference between the laser/Gluma/chromophore and laser/ chromophore groups (P=0.20).Conclusion:It seems that chromophore increases the efficacy of the diode laser for the obstruction of dentinal tubules.
The Efficiency of the Er: YAG Laser and PhotonInduced Photoacoustic Streaming (PIPS) as an Activation Method in Endodontic Irrigation: A Literature Review
Authors: Do Quy Linh , Gaudin Alexis
Published: July 2020

In the field of endodontics, lasers have been used for a long time for the optimization of Endodontic irrigation in particular. The laser-activated irrigation (LAI) technique is based on the photomechanical effects of the lasers at low settings. They create specific cavitation phenomena and acoustic streaming in intracanal fluids. More recently, a new technique with a Er:YAG laser has been used with sub-ablative energy (20 mJ, 15 Hz) and ultra-short pulses (50 µs). This leads to intracanal cavitation and shockwaves as a result of photoacoustic and photomechanical effects. This phenomenon is called photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS). PIPS and Laser activated irrigation are described in the literature as a revolutionary and powerful method to activate the irrigant; however, systematic literature on this topic is missing. This review compares the literature on Er:YAG LAI and PIPS on endodontic irrigation with other irrigation methods. An article search was performed on the PubMed database using a series of keywords related to endodontic irrigation, including Er:YAG LAI and PIPS; 59 articles were selected for the review according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Noin vivostudy was found. The Er:YAG LAI and PIPS outperformed other methods in 33 of the 59 articles. There was a great variety in the study designs including bacterial incubation time, laser parameters, irrigation protocols, and irrigating solution used. The evidence suggests that the Er:YAG LAI and PIPS are promising in canal disinfection as well as debris and smear layer removal. However, the large variety in the study methods makes the results less significant. Further studies are needed to better evaluate the efficiency of these techniques, especiallyin vivostudies.
Parque Itanhangá e Acessibilidade às Pessoas com Deficiência Física e Visual
Authors: Silva Junior Vagner Pereira da , Tosta Quézia Pinheiro , Otto Henrique Rossi , Bellincanta Jéssica Martinez , Lins Angela Cristina Santos Gil , Sampaio Tânia Mara Vieira
Published: July 2020

O estudo teve por objetivo investigar o nível de acessibilidade em um Parque público de lazer em Campo Grande/MS. Do tipo descritivo/exploratório, a investigação teve como lócus de análise o Parque Lúdio Coelho Filho, recorrendo à análise morfológica como técnica de pesquisa. Os resultados indicam que com exceção dos bancos disponibilizados no parque, todos os demais itens avaliados (passeio público, portões de acesso, estacionamento, circulação horizontal, bebedouro, mobiliários, quadra esportiva, parque infantil e coreto) não atendem as especificações da NBR9050/2004. Conclui-se que, a exemplo do que vem sendo observado em outras investigações disponíveis na literatura, há uma ação ineficiente do poder estatal em relação às políticas públicas de lazer, haja vista que elas têm se caracterizado como distributivas, logo se limitando ao atendimento de apenas uma parcela da população.
Lazer na Universidade
Authors: Cardoso Gabriela Resende , Andrade Sabrina Monique Bora de , Santos Karine do Rocio Vieira dos , Santos Amanda Correia dos , Rechia Simone
Published: July 2020

As instituições formativas brasileiras, desde o nível básico ao superior, devem assegurar aos seus educandos a garantia dos direitos sociais previstos na Constituição Federal de 1988. Dentre eles o direito ao lazer, inclusive na universidade. Objetiva-se, nesta pesquisa (1) Identificar espaços, equipamentos e atividades de lazer proporcionados a estudantes da Universidade Federal do Paraná em Campus específicos; (2) Descrever o uso nesses espaços; (3) Verificar o acesso da comunidade acadêmica à divulgação das atividades e eventos culturais de lazer proporcionados pela Universidade. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo exploratória. Para obtenção dos dados foi realizada a aplicação de um protocolo de observação de espaços e equipamentos, além de registros fotográficos, caderno de campo e questionários. Constatou-se que o cenário apresentado pelos espaços e equipamentos pouco oportunizam vivências no âmbito do lazer. No entanto, por se tratar de uma das dimensões da vida humana, os sujeitos acabam por ressignificar tais espaços para que possam usufruir deles em seus tempos livres em meio ao cotidiano acadêmico.
Implantación de una Consulta de Enfermería Vascular en un hospital de referencia
Authors: Casado Fernández Rosa , Zuriguel Pérez Esperanza , Zafra Izquierdo Isabel , Candel Alonso Montserrat , Escribano Ferrer José María , Pelay Panés Neus , Bellmunt Montoya Sergi , Lara Fernández Roser
Published: July 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la puesta en marcha y organización de la Consulta de Enfermería Vascular del Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, detallar la actividad realizada durante sus primeros seis meses de existencia, analizar los obstáculos que dificultan la práctica profesional autónoma de las enfermeras que trabajan en esa consulta y proponer soluciones.Se evaluó el número de visitas de la consulta, los diagnósticos médicos y enfermeros de los pacientes, las prestaciones enfermeras ligadas a la visita y el tipo de heridas que presentaban los pacientes. Se atendieron 153 pacientes y la mayoría de prestaciones enfermeras registradas fueron: “Educación sanitaria” y “Cuidados de heridas y otras lesiones”.El principal obstáculo detectado hasta la fecha es de índole tecnológico, ya que la aplicación informática utilizada en las consultas externas del hospital, lejos de facilitar el rol autónomo enfermero, lo dificulta.La Consulta de Enfermería Vascular potencia la autonomía de la práctica profesional y favorece la atención personalizada a los pacientes de las consultas externas del Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Para que las enfermeras de esta consulta puedan desarrollar todo su potencial, y para que los resultados de sus actuaciones sean mesurables y visibles, es necesario implementar sistemas de información asistencial que sean compatibles con una herramienta metodológica tan básica para la profesión como es el proceso enfermero, y que permitan registrar los datos derivados de la valoración del paciente y de toda la actividad realizada mediante vocabularios normalizados. Dentro de los vocabularios empleados en nuestro entorno, pensamos que la terminología ATIC sería la opción más conveniente.
The Politics of Law in Prohibiting Physical Violence for Domestic Workers in the Largest Economy in Southeast Asia
Authors: Wardhani Lita Tyesta A.L. , Christia Adissya Mega
Published: July 2020

Physical violence from employers is a common thing for domestic helpers, even though the right to work and decent livelihood is the right of every human being. The politics of law of prohibiting physical violence for domestic workers in Indonesia is still very weak eventhough it has strong correlation to acces to justice. This study uses a normative juridical method with an analytical descriptive approach and a case through secondary data. The results show that physical violence against domestic workers had not yet obtained a strict, consistent and coherent arrangement in terms of the the politics of law of conventions, constitutions and regulations so that access to justice for domestic workers who experienced physical violence is difficult to obtain.
Regional Inequality of Economic and Social Developments in Albania
Authors: Dumani Bukuri , Nurja Ines , Subashi Blerina , Dumani Nexhmedin
Published: July 2020

The economic and social developments in Albania, apart from being the lowest in the region, also differ significantly among prefectures. This article aims to analyze the economic and social developments with the focus to inequality, especially in education. Improving the economic and social situation in the country and expecially in prefectures requires policies that mobilize economic and financial resources as well as human capital for the country. Also especially in the prefectures where economic and social developments are low and very low; whereas the growth of education can be supported on a territorial approach, with concrete local and national policies to stimulate the demand for secondary school entry and to provide contemporary education services, especially policies in favor of children in economic disadvantage, in rural and peri-urban areas. In this study different data sources are combined such as Labor Force Survey (LFS 2018), Demographic and Health Survey, (ADHS 2017-2018), Family Budget Survey (HBS 2018), Living Standards Survey (LSMS 2012) the Human Development Report (HDR) 2018 and Census 2011. The collection, integration and analysis of new data are necessary to have a general and concrete view to inform development policies, to advance reflection on development and to design the best solutions. The results obtained show that many of the economic and social developments in some prefectures are about twice as low as those in the best-performing prefectures in the country. Focusing on education, its level goes hand in hand with other developments in prefectures; prefectures with lower economic indicators also have lower participation in education and educational attainment.
Rugova as a Literary Scholar
Authors: Mehmetaj Albanë
Published: July 2020

This paper analyses the literary studies of dr. Ibrahim Rugova, one of the most known modern Albanian scholar, who in fact is known all over the world as e Kosovo political leader and founder of the independent state of Kosovo. But he is not known in the field of literary studies as in the political field, so our main aim is to present him as a scholar. Rugova's work as a literally scholar started with his “Lyrical Touch” (1971), which features almost all poetic literary interpretations, to follow with his “Toward Theory”, which sets off Rugova's path to theoretical-literary research. Specifically, the problem treated in this book captures theoretical problems of literature and centered on the proposal for "artistic text" and "open work," which proves that Rugova never intended to close the discussed issues, but aims at providing possible solutions. In this sense, his theory goes to the point of view of literature as "differentia specifica," as a special artistic product. In the case of this concept, apart from treating it theoretically, Rugova breaks it apart from Albanian literature, comparing it with the models of world knowledge. Such an effort seeks to differentiate literature as a particular gender, as an intellectual product, as quest of the "literary essence".
Learning Facilities: Can It Improve the Vocational School Productivity?
Authors: Sobandi A. , Yuniarsih Tjutju , Rasto  , Adman
Published: July 2020

This research aims to investigate the effect of learning facilities on the productivity of vocational school in the area of business and management expertise in Bandung. In this research is used explanatory survey method using ordinal scale questionnaire. The total respondents are 1,236 productive teachers from 40 vocational schools in the area of business and management expertise in Bandung. The data collection technique used questionnaire and analyzed by using regression. The results show that learning facilities have positive and significant effect on the vocational school productivity in the area of students’ business and management expertise in Bandung. To improve the vocational school productivity in the area of business and management expertise in Bandung, the suggested recommendation is that principal have to optimize more the learning facilities.
Conditioned Fear Extinction, Neuropsychological, and Psychological Aspects of OCD in Latinos
Authors: Santiago-Mejías Stephanie , Martínez Karen
Published: July 2020

Background: Although culture can affect emotional and behavioral reactions, there is little research on the manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among Latinos. Previous studies using a fear extinction model with a non-Latino population showed that individuals with OCD have difficulty maintaining safety memories. Their neuropsychological performance has shown inconsistent findings. We compared Puerto Ricans with OCD and healthy controls on fear extinction retention, neuropsychological performance, and psychological self-reports. Methods: 17 healthy and 11 Puerto Rican adults with OCD underwent a fear conditioning and extinction paradigm using neutral visual cues that were paired or unpaired with an electric stimulus to elicit skin conductance responses. Neuropsychological tests (WCST,EST,MSIT) and psychological self-reports (BAI,BDI,STAI,PANAS,EDS)were administered. Results: OCD subjects did not show impaired extinction recall. However, they showed higher reaction times towards neutral than threat-related words on the EST, compared to healthy controls. No differences on neuropsychological tests that lacked emotional content were observed. OCD subjects showed increased symptoms of anxiety, trait anxiety, depression, negative affect, and emotional dysregulation. Conclusions: Puerto Ricans with OCD may have physiological and neuropsychological characteristics that are similar to healthy subjects, but a different psychological profile, which can be used to tailor cultural adaptations of evidence-based treatments for OCD.
Pandemias, COVID-19 y Salud Mental: ¿Qué Sabemos Actualmente?
Authors: Martínez-Taboas Alfonso
Published: July 2020

Las pandemias tienen la característica nefasta de crear un disloque masivo y generalizado en múltiples niveles, tanto personales como sociales. Las pandemias suelen relacionarse con confusión, temores, incertidumbre y la probabilidad de muertes en seres queridos. Asimismo, se relacionan con innumerables estresores sociales tales como hacer ajusten en las rutinas, separación de amigos y familiares, pérdida de empleos y aislamiento social. El surgimiento del COVID-19 hacia finales del 2019 ha traído consigo muchos de esos estresores, pero en una escala que no veíamos desde la pandemia del 1918, la cual se calcula que contaminó a casi una tercera parte de la humanidad. En este artículo se presentan datos recientes internacionales, que han examinado cómo el COVID-19 ha impactado la salud mental de innumerables personas. Se desprende de esta revisión que hay datos contundentes de que algunos trastornos psiquiátricos han aumentado notablemente, en especial la ansiedad, depresión, insomnio, y temores generales. Esto se ha encontrado en niños, adolescentes y adultos. La tasa de trastornos mentales es más alta aún en personas contagiadas y en los trabajadores de salud que se enfrentan día a día a tratar personas con COVID-19. Asimismo, se han identificado ciertos factores de riesgo, tales como tener puntuaciones altas en ansiedad rasgo, ser mujer, y haber estado cerca de personas contagiadas. Finalizamos haciendo un acercamiento conceptual y teórico hacia el tema y esbozando un resumen de cómo ayudar a minimizar el trastoque psicosocial de esta pandemia.
A Novel Multi Stage Transformer for Compensating Unbalanced Loads
Authors: Ahmadi T.
Published: July 2020

In the proposed Load balancing transformer, two additional coupling winding are placed in the secondary of each phase. One of these coupling windings is in series with the winding of other phase and this combination of windings is reversely paralleled with the secondary winding of the third phase. Under unbalanced load conditions, the unbalanced part of the load current, flows through the proposed combination of windings. In this way, the unbalanced part of the load current is distributed between all phases. The proposed topology for multi stage load balancing transformer is based on the ordinary load-balancing transformer. Finally, these topologies are simulated with MATLAB and the results are discussed.
TOTAL HEPATOCYTES VOLUME AS THE SURVIVAL FACTOR IN EXPERIMENTAL OBSTRUCTION OF THE BILIARY PATHWAYS
Authors: Mamontov I. М.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The aim of the research was to studying histological and some morphomethrics feathers of the liver and related with them lethality during experimental complete and partial obstruction of the extrahepatic bile ducts (COEHBD and POEHBD).

Materials and methods. The experiment was included 83 rats that were sacrificed on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th days. COEHBD was modeled by ligation and transaction of the common bile duct, POEHBD was modeled by ligation of the common bile duct with a needle of a given diameter. Histological analyses of the liver was performed together with morphometric study.

Results. The death of rats occurs during the first 3 days of the experiment and after 14 days, with a predominance of mortality on 14-35 days compared to the period up to 14 days (p<0.05). Death after 14 days of the experiment occurs in the model of complete cholestasis. From the all investigated morphometric measures such as the hepatocytes volume density (HVD), liver volume (LV), total hepatocytes volume (THV), the last one is the most accurately reflects the compensatory capabilities of the liver in conditions of complete and partial cholestasis and can serve as a criteria for predicting of the fatal outcome.

Conclusion. The THV most accurately reflects the compensatory capabilities of the liver in experimental COEHBD and POEHBD and can serve as a criterion for predicting a fatal outcome.
DIAGNOSIS OF CONJUGATED ABDOMINAL LESIONS IN PANCREATIC INJURY
Authors: Нoncharova N. M. , Teslenko S. M.
Published: July 2020

Summary. Resume. Traumatic injuries of the pancreas by the difficulty in diagnosis and choice of method of therapeutic tactics are some of the most difficult among traumatic lesions of the abdominal organs.

The goal of the work. Improvement of results of diagnostics of the combined damages of an abdominal cavity at a trauma of a pancreas

Materials and methods. The work is based on the analysis of the results of the examination and surgical treatment of 220 patients with combined damage of the abdominal organs with software trauma from 2000 to 2019.

Results and discussion. The features of the topographic-anatomical location of the pancreas more explain the absence of pathognomonic symptoms, the severity of the clinical picture in its trauma. Among 220 patients with combined trauma, 148 (67.3 %) patients were used for diagnostic abdominal ultrasound examination, 52 (23.6 %) ultrasound, and 20 (9.1 %) diagnostic laparoscopy.

Conclusions. Screening in patients with “futile” laparotomy has found that the diagnostic value of each method studied is far from optimal and does not allow confirming with confidence or canceling the presence of lesions of the abdominal organs requiring immediate surgery.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF «FAST-TRACK SURGERY» IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS ACCORDING TO THE TACTICS «STEP-UP APPROACH»
Authors: Kryvoruchko I. A. , Parkhomenko K. Yu. , Drozdova A. G. , Suplichenko M. V.
Published: July 2020

Summary. The aim of the study – to improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with acute pancreatitis using the “step-up approach” tactics, and justify the feasibility of implementing the concept of “fast-track surgery” in surgical practice using the example of these patients.

Matherials and Methods of the study. The results of the treatment of 103 patients with acute pancreatitis who were treated in the surgical department of the Municipal non-commercial enterprise of the Kharkov regional council «Regional Clinical Hospital» 2015 to 2020 were analyzed. All patients were divided into two groups: the main (56 patients) and the comparison group (47 patients). In the main group, the tactics of the “step-up approach” were applied and the principles of the ERAS concept (2018-2020) were implemented. In the comparison group (2015-2017), the ERAS principles were not implemented and the open method was mainly used as the standard surgical treatment.

Results of the study. Patients treated using the principles of “fast-track surgery” along with the “step-up approach” tactics, less likely to have postoperative complications and reduced the length of stay in the surgical department.

Conclusions. This example confirms the appropriateness of applying the principles of “fast-track surgery” in everyday surgical practice in the complex treatment of patients with acute pancreatitis, as the results of surgical treatment of this category of patients are improved and financial costs for treatment are reduced.
CLASSIFICATION, DIAGNOSIS AND MODERN APPROACHES TO THE SURGICAL CORRECTION OF MIRIZZY SYNDROME
Authors: Khvorostov Y. D. , Derykolenko V. V. , Bychkov S. A. , Tsivenko O. I. , Hrynov R. N.
Published: July 2020

Summary. Until now, there is no consensus on the classification, diagnosis, and definition of treatment tactics for Mirizzy syndrome (MS).

Materials and Methods. Examination and treatment of 152 patients with MS were analyzed. We used the classification of MS that we developed. It systematizes the concepts of Mirizzy syndrome, takes into account the staged formation of a biliary mobility and is of practical importance in the choice of surgical tactics, surgical access and scope of operation.

Results and discussion. The standardization of surgical tactics on the basis of the developed classification allows to significantly reduce postoperative complications and mortality. Criteria have also been identified that allow with high reliability to identify the presence of MS at the preoperative stage according to ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Conclusions. The presented classification is structurally simple and practical in the selection of tactical and technical solutions in the treatment of MS. Clearly defines the clinical, pathomorphological and therapeutic-tactical aspects of this problem. Takes into account the staged formation of biliary mobility. The standardization of surgical tactics based on the developed classification allowed us to significantly reduce postoperative complications and mortality.
IMPRUVING HEMOSTASIS DURING ONESTAGE RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY AND SIMULTANEUS PREPERITONEAL HERNIOPLASTIC IN PATIENTS WITH BENIGH PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA AND INGUINAL HERNIAS
Authors: Shaprinskyi V. O. , Gorovyi V. I. , Kapshuk O. M. , Vorovskyi O. O.
Published: July 2020

Summary. Inguinal hernia is found in 2-8% of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The possibility of simultaneous elimination of prostatic obstruction and inguinal hernia requires improvement of the method of hemostasis during the performance of recumbent prostatectomy in order to reduce blood loss and time of surgery is a pressing issue for both abdominal surgery and urology.

Purpose of research. Improve the method of hemostasis in the performance of one-stage prostatectomy and simultaneous preabdominal plastic of inguinal hernia in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and inguinal hernia to reduce blood loss and time of operation.

Materials and methods of research. Preabdominal plastic of the inguinal hernia during a single-stage concurrent prostatectomy was performed for 32 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The first 6 patients, preperitoneal gernioplasty was performed before retropubic prostatectomy, for the last 26 patients - after a prostatectomy because of the possibility of loosening of the applied sutures at stretching of a wound by hooks.

Research and discussion of results. In order to reduce bleeding during prostate prostatectomy and time of surgery, we proposed to perform hemostatic U-shaped catgut sutures (No. 6) on the lateral surfaces of the prostate capsule on muscle pieces (pads) of the pyramidal abdominal muscle. Intraoperative blood loss during surgery was determined by weight. The application of the hemostasis technique in the performance of a single-stage concurrent prostatectomy and simultaneous preperitoneal plasticity of inguinal hernias for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and inguinal hernia allowed to reduce the duration of surgery by 10-15 minutes, and blood loss by 150-250 ml.

Conclusions. The results of improvement of the method of hemostasis in the performance of a single-stage concurrent prostatectomy and simultaneous preperitoneal hernioplasty in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and inguinal hernia show a decrease in the duration of surgery and intraoperative blood loss. The use of mesh prosthesis in the performance of pre-abdominal plastics of inguinal hernias and one-time supraventricular prostatectomy allows one surgical pathology to be eliminated simultaneously with one access, to prevent recurrence of hernia, to improve the quality of life of the patient and to have economic justification.
EARLY CLINICAL MARKERS OF SEVERITY OF ACUTE NECROTIC PANCREATITIS
Authors: Syplyvy V. A. , Robak V. I. , Ievtushenko D. V. , Kurbatov V. O. , Grinchenko S. V. , Robak L. O.
Published: July 2020

Summary. Acute necrotic pancreatitis carries enough difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. Destructive forms with retroperitoneal tissue damage cause lethality up to 70 %.

The aim was to establish early clinical markers of disease severity.

Material and methods. The results of surgical treatment of 120 patients with acute pancreatitis were analyzed. Patients were divided into groups: first group – 40 patients without parapancreatitis; second group — 80 patients with parapancreatitis. Peripheral blood reaction, main biochemical indicators, blood electrolytes, general condition by integral scales were evaluated in this groups.

Results and discussion. On the admission day, the levels of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in patients in both groups were within normal limits. All patients had leukocytosis. All subjects had high LII rates. In the dynamics of treatment leukocytosis significantly decreased in the second group. Changes in clinical blood tests, urinalysis, ALT, AST, bilirubin, urea, creatinine were not significant.

Conclusions. Postoperative mortality was 27.2 %. 67 % of patients had parapancreatitis. It was revealed, that reliable early markers of severity of acute necrotizing pancreatitis are: level of WBC, leucocyte intoxication index, intoxication indicator, organism`s resistance index, reactive neutrophilic response, C-reactive protein and level of calcium. It was proved, that evaluation of patient`s condition by scales ASSES, SAPS II and Ranson objectively reflects the patient`s condition during the course of treatment.
DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES OF PSEUDOCYST WALL FORMATION AND INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY IN CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
Authors: Babii O. M. , Shevchenko B. F. , Tuzko A. V. , Tatarchuk O. M. , Petishko O. P.
Published: July 2020

Summary. Objective. To increase the efficiency of diagnostics in determining the wall formation of the pancreatic pseudocyst and the activity of the inflammatory process.

Materials and methods. A total of 99 patients were examined who underwent digestive tract surgery from 2006 to 2019 with pseudocyst that developed on the background of acute and chronic pancreatitis.

There were 73 males (73.74 %), 26 females (26.26 %), 21 to 74 years of age (47.55–2.4 years). Based on the morphological data of the biopsy material, pancreatic pseudocyst (PC) wall formation and inflammatory activity in chronic pancreatitis, patients were divided into two representative groups: Group I (n = 41) — patients with formed wall of PC, group II (n=58) — patients with unformed PC wall. Morphology data were compared with the data of immunological parameters and radiation diagnostic methods.

Results. The TNF-α/IL-10 ratio was higher (p <0.05) in patients in group II than in group I. To differentiate the activity of inflammation, a threshold value of 1.4 was set (sensitivity — 86.7 %, specificity — 59.1 %). The IL-6/IL-10 ratio was higher (p <0.05) in group II patients, which also indicated an imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators and was characteristic of active inflammation. The threshold value of the ratio of IL-6/IL-10, above which patients were diagnosed with active inflammation in the PC wall — less than or equal to 1.1 (sensitivity — 91.7 %, specificity — 84.6 %). In group II patients, the level of PMN-elastase was higher (p<0.05) than in group I, which indicated the activity of inflammation. Threshold of fecal PMN-elastase, above which patients were diagnosed with active inflammation of PC wall less than or equal to 84 ng/ml (sensitivity — 90.9 %, specificity - 66.7 %). 3. According to ultrasound/MSCT, the wall thickness of PC in group I was (4.41±0.49)/(4.27±2.02) mm, in group II (2.50±0.52)/(2.75±1.44) mm, which is probably less than 1.7 times and 1.6 times (p <0.05) with the unformed PC wall. According to SWE, the threshold value of the average stiffness values ​​of the PC wall, above which it was diagnosed, was> 7.6 kPa (sensitivity — 80.0 %, specificity 78.9 %).

Conclusions. Indices of TNF-α/IL-10, IL-6/IL-10, PMN-elastase, ultrasound, MSCT, SWE have been determined, which allow to evaluate the formation of PC wall and the activity of the inflammatory process.
TENDENCIES OF THE MORTALITY RATES FROM ESOPHAGEAL CANCER IN THE EU COUNTRIES AND UKRAINE
Authors: Dubrovina Nadiya , Gulášová Ivica , Babečka Jozef
Published: July 2020

Summary. In this article the problems of the prevalence of esophageal cancer and the distribution of mortality rates from this disease are considered in EU countries. The rates of mortality from esophageal cancer are analyzed by statistical methods and time series analysis. A study is carried out of the features of the tendencies of mortality rates from esophageal cancer in six EU countries and in Ukraine. It is emphasized that various factors, such as the environmental situation, socio-demographic characteristics of the population, culture and nature of nutrition, the general health status of the population, the availability of resources and the level of healthcare in the region should be took into account for development of the programmes for the prevention of prevalence of esophageal cancer. By means of the models for time series analysis we forecast the rates of mortality from esophageal cancer for six countries of EU and for Ukraine, which can be used for the development of the national strategies to reduce the prevalence and mortality from esophageal cancer.
EVOLUTION OF VIEWS ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MODERN SURGICAL MAGNETIC INSTRUMENTS ON THE CASE OF INFLAMMATORY PENETRATING INJURIES OF THE BREAST
Authors: Bunin Yu. V. , Zamyatin P. M. , Mihаylusov R. M. , Negoduyko V. V. , Beresnyev S. O. , Provar L. V.
Published: July 2020

Summary. The arms — to analyze the evolution of the development of modern surgical instruments in gunshot wounds chest.

Materials and methods. 80 cases of using a modern magnetic surgical instrument for penetrating gunshot wounds of the chest were analyzed. Intraoperatively used: a magnetic multifunctional tool for the diagnosis and removal of metallic ferromagnetic foreign bodies, a flexible device for removing ferromagnetic foreign bodies, a magnetic tool for endovideoscopic diagnosis and removal of metallic ferromagnetic foreign bodies from the abdominal and pleural cavities, a magnetic nozzle for video endoscopic surgical interventions. When removing metal foreign bodies, the following methods were used: a method for preliminary determination of the material and properties of a foreign body, a method for video endoscopic laser visualization of the internal organs of the abdominal and pleural cavities.

Results. Foreign bodies of the pleural cavity were diagnosed in 80 (100 %) wounded according to СT. Ferromagnetic metal foreign bodies of a gunshot origin of the pleural cavity were removed both during thoracotomy or minithoracotomy, and during thoracoscopic surgical interventions using the method of video endoscopic laser visualization of the internal organs of the abdominal and pleural cavities. The most convenient tool was the endoscopic magnetic tool for removing foreign bodies from the pleural or abdominal cavities. A magnetic nozzle for video endoscopic surgical interventions allows navigation both in the pleural cavity and along the wound channel.

Conclusions.

1. The development of a surgical magnetic instrument was phased and began with the improvement of a surgical magnetic instrument to remove ferromagnetic foreign bodies of soft tissues.

2. The improvement of the tool took place as the restrictions on the use of the existing tool were established, which was a prerequisite for the development of a new tool.

3. It is advisable to create a special set of surgical magnetic instruments for video endoscopic surgery.
STRUCTURE AND METHODS OF TREATMENT BLEEDING FROM THE UPPER DEPARTMENTS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Authors: Lopatenko D. E. , Aleksandrov М. A. , Kolesnik V. P.
Published: July 2020

Summary. The aim of our work was to optimize endoscopic care for patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and to identify optimal methods of endoscopic hemostasis.

Materials and Methods. We analysed the outcome of the treatment of 297 patients with endoscopic hemostasis, which included infiltration of the parasasal area with colloidal solution and electrocoagulation.

Results and Discussion. The study showed that the most common source of bleeding were duodenal ulcers — 45.8 % of observations. Endoscopic methods of stopping and preventing bleeding were effective in 75.5 % of cases.

Conclusions. The effectiveness of endoscopic hemostasis in patients with bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract is determined by a differentiated approach. In the structure of gastrointestinal bleeding in the multidisciplinary emergency hospital, gastroduodenal ulcers predominate — 76.8 %. In ulcerative bleeding, the efficacy of endoscopic combined hemostasis is 97.0 %.
Role of Marine National Park for Sustainable Livelihoods of Artisan Fisherfolk
Authors: Magotra Rohit , Pandey Pushkar , Kumar Mohit , Gupta Mohit Kumar , Kaushik Asha , Parikh Jyoti
Published: July 2020

Over the past few decades, marine conservation has become a global concern due to increasing anthropogenic activities in the vicinity of coastal areas, which has led to the development of the concept of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) for the conservation of marine ecology and its biodiversity. Conservation and acceptance of MPAs can only be achieved if coastal communities and fisherfolk are included as significant stakeholders because MPAs have direct relevance to their livelihood. To capture their acceptance towards the Gulf of Kachchh Marine National Park (MNP), Jamnagar, artisanal fisherfolk fishing in and around the MNP were surveyed to determine whether the presence of a well-managed MNP has any positive effects on the adjacent fishing communities since its establishment. The findings showed that the total fish catch was observed to increase over the years, but there has been a perceived decline in total catch in recent years. Similarly, while the total fish catch data recorded an increasing trend, discussions with the fisherfolk revealed a sharp decline in “catch per unit effort” in recent years. Fisherfolk from all sites showed interest in the development of the MNP and were keen to be involved in conservation planning and the management of the MNP.
Imperiled waterscapes
Authors: Sen Amrita , Unnikrishnan Hita , Nagendra Harini
Published: July 2020

This paper examines the historical waterscapes of Bengaluru, now imperilled by development. Earlier a garden city, the agrarian landscape of Bengaluru was formerly supplied with water from an interconnected lake system. This system has since been fragmented due to urbanization and changes in land cover, impacting local institutions and livelihoods dependent on the lakes. In this paper, we use the case of the city’s largest lake, Bellandur, to demonstrate the transformation of the waterscape from an open semi-arid landscape pre-dating the city into an agrarian water-dependent landscape characterized by flows of water in pre-colonial and colonial Bengaluru, and finally into a concretized landscape and the individualization of lakes in the “modern” city. Claims to and associations with the lake ecosystem have altered through changing hydrological, institutional, and social relations, leading to shifts in imaginations of the lake as well.
COVID-19
Authors: Pandit Nitin
Published: July 2020

COVID-19 continues to teach us lessons about our urban design, which has been so divorced from natural systems. Specifically, world over, it has challenged the decades old principle of urban planning which says that cities should be as dense as can be. With ingrained lifestyles in the dense concrete jungles, it becomes difficult for those who benefit from urban density to admit that there is a limit to density when we ourselves have become the vectors and victims of the virus.  Meanwhile in densely urban India, the poor migrants bear the risk of being exported from the urban dreams that they never got to share. That may or may not change the traditional orientation toward growth-at-all-costs, but there may be an increased appreciation and demand among the urbanites for working with nature.
Fits and Misfits: The Impact of Individual Differences on Psychological Empowerment in Healthcare
Authors: Turnipseed David , VandeWaa Elizabeth
Published: July 2020

This paper acknowledges the labor productivity problem in healthcare, and investigates individual differences as determinants of psychological empowerment, which may be a partial solution to the problem. Using data from 363 clinical nurses, two individual differences - aversive personalities and job/organization fit - representing a bipolar division of employees, were examined for their linkage with psychological empowerment. As hypothesized, the aversive personality psychopathy was negatively linked to empowerment. Employees with longer time in healthcare, higher in religiosity, whose job-related needs are satisfied by the hospital, and who believe that their abilities are a good fit with their job demands are more likely to be psychologically empowered. Easy, reliable tests to screen for high psychopathy in hiring and placing individuals in jobs in which empowerment is desired, and managerial interventions to increase need satisfaction and demand-ability fit, may increase empowerment and thus productivity with no increase in wage costs.
A NEW SPECIES OF BYTHINELLA FROM STRANDZHA MOUNTAIN, SE BULGARIA (GASTROPODA: RISOOIDEA)

Authors: Georgiev Dilian , Glöer Peter
Published: July 2020

A new species of the genus Bythinella Moquin-Tandon, 1856 (Gastropoda: Risooidea: Bythinellidae), from a spring in Strandzha Mt, SE Bulgaria was described as new for science. By this there are 22 Bythinella species known from Bulgaria.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS COPIDOGNATHUS (ACARI, HALACARIDAE) FROM ZANZIBAR, TANZANIA
Authors: Chatterjee Tapas , Pešić Vladimir
Published: July 2020

A new halacarid species of the genus Copidognathus collected among coralline sediments from the east coast of Unguja, Zanzibar, Tanzania is described. Dissimilarities with related species are discussed.
ADDRESSING CULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY IN TRAVEL WRITING: READING AND REFLECTING ON WILLIAM DALRYMPLE’S ‘NINE LIVES’.
Authors: Tiwari Nidhi
Published: July 2020

Ever since the focus on cultural diversity and identities acquired prominence globally, there has been a shift in limiting sustainability only to environmental, economic and social dimensions. Culture is more than just the manifestation of culture, for example, ‘the arts’ and should be viewed instead as the ‘whole social order’ (Williams 1983). This naturally leads to an interrogation of the construct of sustainable development. The definition which emerged in the Brundtland Report (WCED 1987) is the widely accepted one and it states, “Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
FINANCIAL REPORTING SYSTEM OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN GUJARAT WITH RESPECT TO SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN
Authors: Pandya Nirav
Published: July 2020

Elementary education is basic and important phase of education. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
project is a mission program sponsored by Ministry of Human Resource Development,
Government of India to be implemented by the respective state government under their
elementary education system. In Gujarat SSA is functioning from the year 2000-2001
onwards. This paper is designed to review financial and accounting aspect of the Sarva
Shiksha Abhiyan mission functioning in the Gujarat by studying accounting methods and
compliances by the SSA. The paper describes significant accounting and financial reporting methodologies adopted by the SSA Project in Gujarat and review of the same.
પોસ્ટ ટ્રૂથનેપ્રભાવી બનાવવામા સોશિયલ મીડિયા ની ભ ૂશમકા.
Authors: Brahmbhatt Bhupendra
Published: July 2020

એકવીસમી સદીની સ ંપકકક્રંતિ પછી સોતિયલ મીડિયર એ વ્યક્તિને મળેલી વરણી સ્વરિ ંત્ર્ય મરટેની અણમોલ ભેટ ગણરય છે. અખબરર,ટીવી ચેનલ,રેડિયો વગેરે પરંપરરગિ મરધ્યમો અંકુતિિ છે. િેમરં નીતિ-તનયમો અને કરયદર-કરનનું નું અક્સ્િત્વ બરહ્ય તિસ્િ લરદતું હોય છે .જયરરે સોતિયલ મીડિયર એ સ્વયભં ુમરધ્યમ છેજયરં હરકોઈ પોિરનર તવચરર પોિરનેફરવેિેવી ભરષરમરં રજુ કરી િકે છે.િેથી લોકો સોતિયલ મીડિયર દ્વરરર મતુિપણેતવચરરો રજુકરિર જોવર મળેછે.
ज्योतिषशास्त्रमें तितिन्न आचयो अनुसार द्वादशिािों का संशोधात्मक अध्ययन
Authors: Pandya Chetan
Published: July 2020

संस्कृ ििाङ्गमय में मुख्य शास्त्र का आधार िेद है | िेद को समझने के तलए आचायोने छ (६) अंगो
को स्िीकारा है | जैसा कक हम सब जानिे है, छ अंगो में ज्योतिष को नेत्र की िरह स्िीकार ककया है |
તત્વજ્ઞાની કવવ અખાની જીવનયાત્રાના ચ તિં નની પ્રસ્તવુતરૂપ નાટક : ‘અખો’
Authors: Gandhi Hetal
Published: July 2020

મધ્યકાલીન ગજુ રાતી સાહિત્યમાાં જેનેતત્વજ્ઞાની કવવના બિરુદથી નવાજવામાાં આવેછે,એવા કવવ અખાના જીવનપ્રસ ાંગોને નાટકના સાહિત્યપ્રકારમાાં ઢાળી જન-પ્રસ્તવુત માટે લખાયેલુાં નાટક ‘અખો’ ધ્યાનાિહ છે. મધ્યકાલીન ગજુ રાતી સાહિત્યમાાં સ ાંત પરાંપરા અને સાહિત્યનો-બ િંતનનો ઘણો િિોળો ભાગ ધરાવે છે, એવી આ સાહિત્ય-વવ ાર-બ િંતન-ધારામાાં અખો અનભુ વની એરણ પર જગતના સત્યનેપોતાના જીવનમાાં એક પછી એક િનતી ઘટનાઓથી
પામતો જાય છેઅનેઆ ઘટનાઓના અનભુ વજન્ય બ િંતનનેશને: શને: ગળે ઉતારતા નાટયકાર બ નુમોદી ‘અખો’ નાટક ગજુ રાતી પ્રજાના ખોળેધરે છે.