bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Archaeological Cultures Exist?
Authors: Porčić Marko
Published: November 2016

Archaeological culture still persists as a basic analytical and interpretative concept in Serbian archaeology despite criticism. This paper presents a formal view of archaeological cultures and explores the epistemological implications of this formalization. Formal analysis of archaeological culture is achieved through logical and quantitative explication of the traditional definition of archaeological cultures. The main result of the formal analysis is that there are real patterns of formal variability of material culture that may or may not correspond to traditional archaeological cultures. These patterns are real only in the analytical sense - they are real for given input data and scale of analysis. Unlike the traditional approach where this patterns are equated with archaeological cultures which are furthered interpreted in essentialist terms or as quasi-organic entities such as ethnic groups, it is claimed here that discovered patterns are only the starting point – the empirical situation that needs to be accounted for in anthropological an historical terms. This paper shows how patterns that are traditionally identified as archaeological cultures can arise as a consequence of an entire range of processes – different social and historical realities. The main conclusion is that the traditional concept of archaeological culture is not useful neither as analytical or interpretative tools for two reasons: 1) traditional cultures are subjectively defined entities with no theoretical justification for the criteria used in their definition 2) the empirical pattern cannot be an explanation in itself because it is the thing that needs to be explained. Cultural evolutionary (transmission) theory is proposed as a general framework for defining and interpreting patterns of formal variability of material culture in time and space.
Niko Županić and the Construction of the Balkan Ethnogenesis
Authors: Milosavljević Monika
Published: November 2016

The paper considers the role of Niko Županić in the processes of translation of the anthropological and archaeological knowledges into the language of the political activism during the First World War and immediately after. As recorded by Sima Trojanović, Županić was employed at the Ethnographic Museum in Belgrade in May 1914, as “anthropological clerk” with the duty to “first of all measure the Serbian people, and only after that the foreigners on the Balkan Peninsula”. He was officially stationed here up to 1922, although he spent the war years out of the country, involved in political activism, along with other Serbian and Yugoslav intellectuals, with the aim of creating the state of the Yugoslavs.

At the outbreak of the First World War, Županić spent the first three months as a volunteer in Niš, and was then sent to Rome and London, where he took part in the activities of the Yugoslav Board. During 1916 the Serbian Government sent him to the United States, to secure the support of the American Slovenes for the Yugoslav idea. From 1915 till the end of the war, he wrote studies on the South Slavic past and political announcements, drew the borders of the desired territories, held speeches on the unity of the Serbs, Slovenes, and Croats. His book “Ethnogenesis of the Yugoslavs” (1920), written during the war and at first aimed at the English-speaking audience, richly illustrates the ways in which all these activities intertwined. Here Županić stresses the “creative potency of the blood and racial source” of brachycefaly of the Illyrian natives observed in the case of the Yugoslavs. The critical analysis and contextualization of this volume makes possible the new insights into the concepts of identity in the history of the Serbian anthropology and archaeology. This study did not receive much attention in the archaeological circles, but its ideas have subsequently, selectively and indirectly become the part of the history of the Serbian archaeology.
The Concept of Romanization and its Role in the Constitution of the Classical Archaeologies of the Western Balkans
Authors: Janković Marko A.
Published: November 2016

The traditional concept of Romanization has heavily influenced the methodology of research of the Roman monuments in Europe. The basic principles of the concept have been laid out by Theodor Mommsen, the German historian and an expert in epigraphy, who was the first to define the relationships between the Roman „civilization“ and the local populations in his book The History of Rome. Mommsen presents a process in which two different political, economic and technological communities meet, and the inferior one is inevitably assimilated. Through the adoption of language, script, customs and material culture, the local communities become more Roman, i.e. they are romanized.

This paradigm framework has fundamentally changed the way in which the researchers approach the Roman past. This was the first time that the material culture was explained inside archaeology as the discipline associated to history. The introduction of the concept of Romanization enabled the scholars to analyze the material culture in the context of everyday activities, regardless of their artistic value. Although this concept is a largely simplified view of the past, it has marked the Roman archaeology throughout the 20th century.

At the moment when Mommsen's ideas are accepted and elaborated in Western Europe, the discipline of archaeology is formed in the Balkans, the first researchers are trained and the first modern archaeological researches are launched. The paper analyses the influence of his ideas upon the formation of Classical archaeology in Croatia and Serbia, two significantly different political contexts.
Repositioning the Role of Written Sources in Archaeological Research
Authors: Kuzmanović Zorica
Published: November 2016

Contrary to the general attitude that the role of written sources in archaeological research marks the separation between two distinct fields of research – prehistorical and historical archaeology, the critical research into the history of the discipline points that the development of archaeology has not followed this pattern. Rather, the dominant role of the written sources in the study of classical past has been transferred onto the practices of praehistorical archaeology. Discussing the role of ancient sources in the research of the so-called “Illyrian question”, this paper addresses the consequences of this dominant role of written sources in the archaeological study of the past and points to the ways in which the interpretation of the classical texts influenced the theoretical-methodological framework of research of the late prehistory of the Balkans.
Genius Loci Balkani: Reception of the Past and the Construction of the Academic Narrative on the Balkan Heritage
Authors: Mihajlović Vladimir D.
Published: November 2016

Postcolonial and postmodern perspectives, entering the humanities over the last decades of the 20th century, have contributed to the awareness that the present European interpretations of the past have been strongly influenced by the social and ideological context of the 19th and 20th centuries. Consciously or otherwise, the pioneers of research into the Classical antiquities have perceived the object of their research through their own perception of the relations in the world that surrounded them, thus inscribing their contemporaneous values onto the past and using thus conceived past in understanding, explaining and justifying the modern social/cultural phenomena.

This contribution poses the question to which extent the social trends in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia have inspired and enabled the creation of an academic narrative about the uniqueness of the Balkan lands, based upon the continuity with the „ancient humanism“, and social/cultural values, (allegedly) defined at the times of Ancient Greece and Hellenism. The relationship is considered between the modern trends and the formation of academic issues in the case of social and political circumstances that coincided with the creation of the discourse of the „Balkan spirit“. The narrative is considered from the times of its formation up to the present, as well as the reasons for its wide popularity both in the academic community and the general public.
Via Illyria to Europe
Authors: Mihajlović Vladimir V.
Published: November 2016

Archaeology in Serbia was shaped as a discipline by the end of the 19th century. Its founders, mainly educated at the universities in the German-speaking lands, in the spirit of Altertumswissenschaft, have brought with them the corresponding attitude towards the Classical antiquity. In the process of transfer of the concepts a certain blurring occurred, but not absolute abandonment of the previous narratives about the ancient past, for example the one developed in the framework of proto-Illyrism.

From its inception in the humanistic histories of the 16th century, the proto-Illyrian idea was the framework of political action, the pivotal point of identity construction, but as well the grounds for territorial aspirations. In these tendencies a major role was played by the Classical past. Through the usage of Classical ethnonyms and toponymes, political concepts and historical narratives, the advocates of proto-Illyrism took part in the positioning of the Balkans in the temporal and spatial domain of the modern Europe. 

The paper points to the role of the proto-Illyrian idea in the affirmation and/or legitimizing of various interests (individual, group), as well as in constructing various identities in the Western Balkans.
An Article Valued More Than a Book?!? Destruction of the Interpretative Sovereignty of Serbian Society
Authors: Kovačević Ivan , Milenković Miloš
Published: November 2016

The article analyzes the consequences of the reductionist application of criteria characteristic to the natural, mainly laboratory sciences, in the evaluation of the results of the work of researchers and institutions in other scientific disciplines, mainly the field of social sciences and humanities in the Republic of Serbia. As an example of this trend, the analysis focuses on the absurd criteria, currently in effect, for the conducting of PhD studies in the field of social sciences and humanities, which exclude the scientific books written by lecturers and only value articles published in journals. After this, the ignorance, misapprehensions, logical fallacies and interests which might be behind these criteria are analyzed. Special attention in the analysis is given to the reduction of global to fundamental. It is concluded that the application of the criteria currently in effect leads to the loss of interpretative sovereignty, which occurs when institutions, authors, referees and editors who are highly competent experts in matters of regional and national issues are sacrificed in favor of foreign owners, institutions, authors, referees and editors that, by and large, possess less competence and expertise in regional and national issues, and have non-scientific interests and loyalties which don’t necessarily coincide with the interests of Serbian citizens. Finally, the consequences of the ongoing ethnocidal renunciation of scientific interpretative sovereignty are considered, especially the relinquishing of interpretations of history, identity and interconnected cultural issues and social problems to nonscientific discourses in Serbian society. Discourses which inevitably fill the empty room left in the public sphere by the ever-faster extinguishing of journals and publications in Serbian and the languages of ethnic minorities.
The Relationship between Tradition, Tourism and Gastronomy: Cuisine and Culinary Heritage in “Salaš” (Farm) Tourism
Authors: Banić Grubišić Ana , Antonijević Dragana
Published: November 2016

The paper considers the relationship between tradition and tourism as exemplified by the cuisine on offer in so called “salaš tourism”. Over the course of the last decade, farms in Vojvodina have become popular tourist destination and an attraction as a form of rural and cultural tourism. Farms which have been revitalized to meet the needs of tourism are represented as “places of returning to tradition” in brochures and the media, thus creating a romanticized and idealized image of the past of Vojvodina peasants. The paper examines the ways in which elements of traditional culture are incorporated into the tourist offer. The gastronomic policies of salaš- restaurants is associated with the global “slow food” movement which is based on localy grown and produced food and traditional preparation techniques. The paper is the result of fieldwork conducted in salaš-farms in Bačka and Banat, which have been revitalized as catering businesses and tourist attractions, as well as on the analysis of media representations of salaš tourism.
The Iron Law of Financial Markets: Self-fulfilling Prophecies and Speculative Booms and Busts
Authors: Radonjić Ognjen
Published: November 2016

This paper discusses the factors which, in the absence of strong financial regulation, sustain the Iron Law of the Financial Markets asserting that speculative booms and busts occur more or less regularly from 17 century to the present. The first factor is that financial markets are self-fulfilling system. The second is that human nature does not change and is based on egoism, materialism, loss aversion, exaggerated hopes and fears, emulation, propensity to gamble, herd behavior and so on. Lastly, there is the extreme brevity of the financial memory. In order to enable economic authorities and/or individuals to detect timely that the unsustainable boom is under the way, we have identified the common features of historically recorded speculative episodes. Stages through which the system passes on its way from unsustainable rise to inevitable fall are: displacement, boom, overtrading, financial distress and discredit or revulsion.
Animals between Nature and Culture: The Story of Archaeozoology
Authors: Živaljević Ivana
Published: November 2016

The paper aims to tell the story of archaeozoology and utilize it to point out changes in the perception of nature and culture, the perception of animals as organisms that belong entirely to the domain of nature (unlike people who ‘build’ culture onto their nature), as well as display how these perceptions shaped the discipline of archaeozoology and influenced its position within archaeology. Animal remains, almost as a rule, represent some of the most common findings at archaeological sites; however, the attention which has been given to them in archaeological analysis and interpretation was largely dependent on the dominant paradigms in science. With the appearance of the ‘new’ or processual paradigm in archaeology and the concurrent development of archaeozoology, findings like these became the object of study and an important ‘key’ for understanding questions of sustenance, economy and strategies of survival in the past. The strict divide between the natural sciences and humanities (which is a consequence of the wider modernist narrative about the dichotomy of nature and culture), meant that only specialized experts could study animal remains, and that animal remains should be viewed, studied and published on separately from studies on architecture, sculptures and figurines, tools and other artifacts. Thus, archaeozoological reports long represented merely a kind of ‘addition’ to archaeological publications and rarely figured significantly in interpretations. With the paradigm shift brought on by post-processual archaeology, the research focus shifted from economic and functionalist explanations of social phenomena to the study of the influence of culture on shaping human behavior and values. Social theories of cultural constructivism indicate that concepts of ‘humanity’ and ‘animality’ are culturally shaped and a product of discourse, but they often ignore osteological analyses of human and animal remains in the process. Even though at first glance it may seem that constructivist studies and the positivist scientific method on which osteology is based are mutually exclusive in contemporary archaeology, their integration can provide a more detailed picture of how animals shape the way in which humans experience the world, of meanings ascribed to animals, as well as of the very nature of boundaries between people and animals in different cultural contexts.
Intravenous Drug Use in Belgrade as a Syndemic Environment
Authors: Žikić Bojan
Published: November 2016

Singer’s concept of syndemic, which signifies the combined presence of two or more diseases within a population, where these diseases represent the consequences of the way of life or living conditions of the population in question, is applied to intravenous drug use in Belgrade. The diseases which are taken into account are HIV/AIDS, HCV, pulmonary diseases and sexually transmitted diseases. It is shown that the circumstances which are inherent to the milieu of intravenous drug use, and which otherwise influence its formation, also influence the development of syndemics within it, or rather its establishing as a factor of the syndemic, the major epidemiological basis of which is constituted by HCV.
The Methodological Framework for the Study of Nostalgic and Personal Narratives
Authors: Kovačević Ivan , Trebješanin Žarko , Antonijević Dragana
Published: November 2016

Nostalgic narratives occur in two major forms – as historical nostalgias and as personal nostalgias. Personal contents and historical stories can be registered in the free form of life stories, a well-known genre in folkloristics, as well as in narratives obtained through two forms of interview. The first form of interview is generated from anthropological tradition, or rather, ethnographic data gathering and refers to descriptions of social, economic and all other elements of the past, while the other form of interview, generated in psychology, similar to an in-depth interview, refers to personal experiences from an earlier time. When nostalgic narratives are collected using either of these two approaches, it is possible to a) conduct an analysis of each narrative on its own, or b) compare them in order to determine similarities and differences. Based on this it is possible to determine where and how descriptions of the past which do not coincide with personal experience are generated, which is the main characteristic of both yugonostalgia and other similar ways of remembering the past.
“Islam” In the Anti-Multicultural Rhetoric of Western European Politicians and Anthropologists: Congruence or Coincidence?
Authors: Pišev Marko , Milenković Miloš
Published: November 2016

The recent rhetoric of the “end” or “failure” of multiculturalism in Europe and beyond came as no surprise to anthropologists. Moreover, the statements made by leading politicians of key European economies seem as though they are based on the decades old anthropological critique of the consequences of the failed implementation of multicultural policies in Europe and on the global level. It is as though the messages we have been getting over the course of the last few years – that multicultural policies are contraindicated, that they weaken the contacts between cultures, rob individuals of the right to change and chose their identities and strengthen intra-cultural mediators of power, with patriarchy, violence against women and children, leaving school, religious fundamentalism and even terrorism as main consequences – are being read by politicians from anthropological analyses of abuses of collective “cultural” rights. The paper considers the nature of this similarity between the discourse of politicians and anthropologists with a special emphasis on the status of “Islam” in them, and discusses whether it is congruence or mere coincidence of stances toward minorities, immigrants and cultural differences, as toward the regulations which were tasked with protecting this diversity as a fundamental European value which today, at least at the rhetorical level, seems to be fading.
Constructing the Political Potential of the Retired Segments of Society
Authors: Milosavljević Ljubica
Published: November 2016

The paper represents an attempt to address the issue of ways in which the political potential of the retired population is constructed. This process can be divided into two distinct periods. The first started with the introduction of the multiparty system, when the political potential of pensioners was imbedded into the activities of the Socialist Party of Serbia which had been in power at the time. This indicates the failure of political parties of pensioners to construct the issue of retirees as a political, or broader social issue. The second period is characterized by the loss of influence of the SPS after the political changes of 2000, after which the Party of United Pensioners of Serbia (PUPS) was formed, in 2005, as an independent political organization. This party, finally, succeeded in constructing the political potential of pensioners as a resource, but it did so with the help of coalition partners among which the regenerated SPS is a major one, a fact which means that the process of construction continues relentlessly. The construed resource, for the political activities of the party as well as for the oldest part of society or pensioners as potential voters, is one of the major indicators of old age as a social issue in the “arena” it shares with other social issues.
New Wave in the Perception of New Generations
Authors: Ristivojević Marija
Published: November 2016

The paper represents an analysis of contemporary ideas about new wave music formed by generations born after 1980, in the “post-new wave” period. The ever more evident tendency to revitalize and re-actualize the new wave phenomenon at the local level, as well as the identities which stem from it, is indicative not only of the importance of this musical concept but its interdependence with the local community. The echoes of different contemporary narratives about this phenomenon influence the forming of a set of notions about, on the one hand, new wave itself, and on the other – notions about Belgrade of that time period, among generations which form their opinions and perceptions of it indirectly, and after the fact. The aim of the paper is to answer the question of the extent to which young people today are familiar with new wave and what the concept represents for them.
Sources for a Prehistory of Ethnology in the Islamic World: Ibn Battuta’s Travels through Asia and Africa (1325-1354)
Authors: Pišev Marko
Published: November 2016

Within the discipline, the historical roots of ethnology and anthropology are most often traced through European antiquity, the enlightenment and the modern intellectual traditions of the West. Even though this view is somewhat justified (in that it follows a clear continuity in the development and scientification of the discipline in western universities), it, perhaps unintentionally, leaves out the intellectual efforts of Islamic thinkers and travelers, who had also, in their time, encountered various forms of “cultural otherness” and strived to represent and interpret them to their own readers. This paper focuses on Ibn Battuta’s decades of travel through Muslim lands – and beyond – and is envisioned as a theoretical experiment the purpose of which isilluminating the significance of Ibn Battuta’s writings, not only for the historical but also for the contemporary aspects of our discipline.It is a reflection on the ethnographic aspect of Ibn Battuta’s writings about the people and cultures which he encountered in his travels.
The Narrativization of an Unusual Event at the Belgrade Zoo: A Semiotic Analysis of the Story of Gabi the Dog and the Jaguar
Authors: Žakula Sonja
Published: November 2016

The paper offers a semiotic analysis of the narrative of Gabi the dog and the jaguar in the form in which the story appears on the website of the Belgrade zoo. I believe that it is valid to assume that an analysis of this narrative can provide a window into the ways in which meanings of concepts such as ‘wildness’, ‘domesticity’, ‘freedom’, ‘captivity’ and ultimately, ‘nature’ and ‘culture’ are articulated within the context of this institution. On the one hand, I will base the paper on ideas articulated in the field of human-animal relations, and on the other on the methodological postulates of semiotic analysis introduced by Algirdas Julien Greimas and further developed by Dragana Antonijević. The aim of the paper is to, by applying semiotic analysis to the way in which an unusual event at the zoo was narrativized, uncover the deeper structure of thought which underlies the story and reflects and shapes not just the discourse of the Belgrade zoo, but the implicit understanding of the role and function of zoos in Serbia up until the present day.
Humanitarianism Within the Market of Empathy and Interests: The Focus of Stories and Storytelling
Authors: Lukić Krstanović Miroslava
Published: November 2016

Stories of humanitarian actions represent a specific media, and oral storytelling discourse and an instrument for the shaping of social, political and economic mirror both in the private and the public sphere. Heartbreaking stories and sensational news items about poor, ill and endangered people, translated into appeals and philanthropic actions, from their dramatic everyday lives come out into the markets of interests, competition/campaigns, performative-spectacular events and propagandas. The examples and analysis indicate the ways in which the deconstruction of narratives about humanitarian actions within the framework of multiplying communications can be approached.
CELULARES E O TRABALHO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE OS IMPACTOS NO TRABALHO E PÓS-TRABALHO
Authors: Baldanza Renata F. , Souza Vanessa Lins de , Amorim Tito Jose Castro , Barbosa Milka Alves Correia , Abreu Nelsio Rodrigues de
Published: November 2016

As tecnologias móveis têm cada vez mais sido utilizadas nas empresas de forma estratégica, a fim de viabilizar processos e práticas cotidianas nas organizações, que antes eram realizadas de modo muito mais centralizado e desarticulado, como por exemplo as próprias práticas comunicativas internas. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, objetivou analisar os impactos do uso dos telefones celulares no ambiente de trabalho e fora deste, nas perspectivas dos gestores. Para tanto, foram realizadas dez entrevistas semiestruturadas e em profundidade com gestores da cidade de João Pessoa/PB, responsáveis pelos níveis de planejamento estratégico e tático das empresas. Os dados coletados foram submetidos á análise de discurso e refletidos à luz da fundamentação teórica. Ficou evidenciado nas falas dos gestores, de maneira unânime, que o telefone celular facilita as atividades organizacionais nos aspectos de resoluções de conflitos, nas práticas internas da empresa, nos andamentos de processos e nas negociações. Embora o telefone celular possa trazer inúmeras vantagens competitivas para a empresa, verificou-se nas falas dos participantes que o telefone celular acarreta ao mesmo tempo um prejuízo na vida social e familiar dos mesmos.
PENELUSURAN KAWASAN ALUN-ALUN BUNDER KOTA MALANG SEBAGAI OPEN SPACE RANCANGAN IR KARSTEN
Authors: Widya Putra R. Dimas
Published: November 2016

Kawasan Alun-Alun Bunder memiliki peranan yang sangat penting terhadap perkembangan Kota Malang pada masa kependudukan Belanda. Kawasan Alun-Alun Bunder merupakan kebijakan perluasan pembangunan kota ke II (Bouwplan II) yang memiliki luas sebesar 15.547 M2, alasan perancangan Alun-Alun Bundar adalah untuk membentuk pusat pemerintahan yang baru, inilah yang mendasari pihak Kotamadya (Gemeente) membuat rencana perluasan kota ke II (Bouwplan II). Daerah ini dinamakan sebagai Gouverneur-Generaalbuurt. Rencana tersebut baru direalisasikan pada tahun 1922. Daerah ini kemudian terkenal dengan sebutan Alun-Alun Bunder. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola perkembangan Kawasan Alun-Alun Bunder, identifikasi fungsi landscape Kawasan Alun-Alun Bunder sebagai landmark Kota Malang dengan tujuan sebagai ruang interaksi masyarakat. Teknik analisis yang digunakan, yaitu teknik analisis diachronic, analisis deskriptif - evaluatif terhadap penelusuran pola linkage dan teknik analisis synchronic. Hasil studi diketahui bahwa Alun-Alun Bunder merupakan bentuk design ideal alun-alun yang diinginkan oleh pemerintahan Belanda pada masa itu. Bahwa infrastruktur berupa permukiman, pendidikan dan sarana transportasi direncanakan mengikuti peran dari Alun-Alun Bunder sebagai pusat pemerintahan Belanda. Strategi menguatkan nilai sejarah pada Kawasan Alun-Alun Bunder diperoleh melalui penguatan linkage terhadap objek historis yang terdapat di dalamnya.
Kata kunci: Alun-Alun Bunder, landmark, perancangan kota, ruang terbuka kota
Формирование внимания как одно из условий преодоления нарушений фонематических процессов у детей старшего дошкольного возраста с ОНР
Authors: Korotovskikh Tat’iana V. , Piashkur Iuliia S.
Published: November 2016

The paper studies characteristics of phonemic processes in children with general speech underdevelopment and their correction through the development of attention. Impairments in the discrimination of sense-distinctive characteristics of sounds(phonemes) lead to serious disorders of sound pronunciation on the background of general speechunderdevelopment. These disorders complicate the formation of phonemic analysis and synthesis, as well as phonemic and morphological generalizations. A limited vocabulary and insucient understanding of meanings and grammatical categoriesare consequences of these disorders. The analysis of speech pathology should consider not only the structure of a speech defect, but also mental characteristics of the child. Thus, memory disorders, lackof attention, and limitations of the allocation of attention are characteristic for children with general speech underdevelopment.Working on the formation of the perception of speech sounds depends on the type of the defect. In some cases the work concentrates on the formation of phonemic perception and the development of auditory monitoring, while in other cases the challenge is the development of phonemic perception and operations of sound analysis. Sometimesthe work concentrates on the formation of auditory monitoring as a conscious action. According to the authors of the article, improving phonemic awareness could be successful with the development of auditory attention, formation of skills of the recognition of non-speech sounds, discrimination of the tone, force, timbre of the voiceon the material of the same sounds, words, sentences, as well as the discrimination of words similar in their sound composition, dierentiation of syllables, dierentiation of phonemes, basic skills of sound analysis. Thus, the child’s literacy acquisition in school depends on the eciency of work onthe development of attention and phonemic processes in groups of speech therapy in preschool educations institutions.
Особенности ведущих ценностей и их взаимосвязь с интернальностью в юношеском и зрелом возрастах
Authors: Afanasenko Inna V.
Published: November 2016

The main concern of the paper is to study to the leading values and their interrelation with internality in young and mature persons. The author focused attention on recent psychological research in this eld. The empirical study involved 80 respondents: 40 persons at the age from 19 to 24 (students of various specialties of Rostov-on-Don), 40 persons at the age from 40 to 45 (persons with higher education,representatives of various professions in the city of Rostov-on-Don). This article considers the prevailing ultimate values, features of the structure of individual religiosity and characteristics of internality in the groups of young and mature respondents. The dominance of the value of prosperity was a characteristic feature for the young respondents. The spheres of social life and hobbies were dominant life sphereswhere the young respondents mainly actualized their values. The spheres of life were not dierentiated in the group of adults, which indicates the individual peculiarity of their distribution in the respondents of this age group. The adult males scored highon measures of faith in the Creator, which is associated with internal locus of control. The overall index of internality in students related to the philosophical perception of religion, development of their religious identity, observance of religious rituals, and recognition of religion as a model of moral norms. The mature persons who had ahobby and aspired to preserve their individuality scored higher on measures of thesame characteristic (internality). In this group of respondents the index of internality related to faith in the Creator and in phenomena beyond scientific explanation. Theresults of the study suggest possible applications in psychological consulting onthe problems of value and religious self-determination.
Процессы принятия решения в структурной организации деятельности
Authors: Karpov Anatolii V. , Karpov Aleksandr А.
Published: November 2016

The paper brings forward new mechanisms of the determination inuence of the decision-making processes on the characteristics of the process and result of professional activity. The authors demonstrated two main types of this inuence: direct and indirect.They also introduced and described a fundamentally new phenomenon of eliminating behavior of the subject in decision-making situations. According to the classication of the main forms of eliminative behavior they fall into three main groups: adequate, inadequate, and situational-relative. The paper interprets two new functions of decisionmakingprocesses in the organization of activity: structure-forming and generative. The essence of the structure-forming function is that decision-making processes with anegative subjective valence determine the preference of activity strategies that minimize their functional role in the organization of activity. The essence of the generativefunction consists in the formation of the repertoire of reproductive ways of overcoming uncertainty, thus improving the reliability of the whole activity and minimizing subjective expenditures for its implementation. The authors formulated a new methodological approach to studying decision-making processes. Instead of the traditional methodology of decision theory, which studiesthese processes directly, the new approach considers them indirectly. These processes are mediated by activity. It is necessary to interpret and study them as operating means which are formed and implemented “in” and “for” activity, as its natural and essentialoperational means. Hence, they nd their concrete-system being, true and unchanged by “research procedures” form, and extensive content only in activity. This approach corresponds to the fact which in the system methodology is considered as the change of prisms of vision (from “object-focused” to “system-focused”). The authors conclude that the essence of the phenomenon of eliminative behaviorconsists in the purposeful minimization of the presence of decision-making processes in the structure of activity, as well as in improving its reliability.
Индивидуальные особенности стрессорного реагирования во время психофизиологического исследования с применением полиграфа
Authors: Ermakov Pavel N. , Vorob’eva Elena V. , Iatsyk Gennadii G.
Published: November 2016

The paper considers the inuence of subjects’ individual-typological dierences onphysiological characteristics of responding during a polygraph test. The authors evaluated: 1) the properties of the nervous system (strength, balance, and mobility) using the method of the complex visual-motor reaction; 2) character individual differences using the test of character accentuations (K. Leonhard – G.Shmishek);3)parameters of vegetative reactions of the subjects (the skin’s electrical activity, upper and lower breathing, cardiovascular activity, and tremor) using a “POLARG-M” professional computer polygraph with “Femida” software. In the study with the use of a polygraph the authors applied the following methods: stimulus-adapting test (SAT),test of general control questions (TGCQ), and test on knowledge of the perpetrator (TKP). The study involved 30 respondents at the age from 18 to 24. The study showed that the respondents with the highest scores of the strength ofthe nervous system were able to successfully pass the polygraph test. The “anxiety–emotivity” characterological complex inuenced the amplitude of the positive and negative half waves in the channel of the skin’s electrical activity. The study demonstrated the conceptual possibility of the dierentiation of the subjects’ responding caused byanxiety or the signicance of a stimulus; this may help in avoiding false accusations. According to the authors, dierent ways of responding to stress can form individualforms of physiological reactions. Thus, the concept of individual symptom complex asaunique set of parameters of physiological reactions to subjectively signicant stimuli isthe most important.
Междисциплинарный подход в развитии девиантологических теорий: концепция социальных представлений в контексте социологического анализа отклоняющегося поведения
Authors: Golosnov Oleg А.
Published: November 2016

Since deviations are the reverse side of solving the key problem of the architectonics of the social order, deviant behavior is the subject of modern socio-humanitarian discourse. However, understanding the nature of this phenomenon remains an urgent problem. This paper analyses the concept of social anomie, which continues to be acentral element of Russian deviantology, as well as its possibilities when analyzing deviant behavior in post-Soviet society. The authors stressed that a norm and deviation are not extra-individual entities; they are social representations generated by various social groups, which become self-evident phenomena of reality in the intersubjective world of everyday life. Inthis regard, domestic deviantology needs a certain revision of its conceptual bases. Since the interdisciplinary approach explains the very nature of the social order, itsfurther development, in particular, the use of socio-cognitivist, henomenological, constructionist concepts, may give more adequate answers to interrelated questionsconcerning the nature and reasons of deviations.The use of the concept of social representations developed by S. Moscovici seems to be the most promising approach. Social representations are a complex of concepts originating from everyday communication and interaction. Thus, social representationsbecome generally accepted, and create the reality of common sense, everyday knowledge. These processes are immediately relevant to the denition of the “norm–deviation” continuum, as well as to the factors under the impact of which various forms of social barbarism in post-Soviet society become self-evident phenomena ofeveryday reality.
Социально-психологические факторы эффективности служебной деятельности женщин-сотрудников органов внутренних дел
Authors: Kuznetsova Ol’ga V.
Published: November 2016

The paper studies the socio-psychological factors of the efficiency of women employees’ professional activity. A stable trend of the increase in the number of women employees in law enforcement agencies and the priority of socio-psychological conditions of professional activity for women have determined the relevance of this issue. The authorsdened socio-psychological factors as interrelations, phenomena, and mechanisms of the inner socio-psychological sphere of law enforcement activity at a group level(collective), as well as at an individual level (socio-psychological characteristics of the person).Theauthors studied socio-psychological climate in collectives, sociometric status, level of legal consciousness, and personal characteristics of women employees in law enforcement agencies in interrelation with the eectiveness of their professional activity.The results of the study showed the correlation between the eciency of professional activity of women employees and the socio-psychological characteristics of collectives in law enforcement agencies, which were determined by a quantitative and gender structure. Besides, the eciency of professional activity of women employees hadacorrelation with sociometric characteristics with their business and emotional statuses, which were mediated by personal characteristics of women employees and characteristics ofthe very collective. Thus, the ndings suggest that the majority of women employees in law enforcement agencies are professionally competent, emotionallyattractive, communicable, and enjoy authority with their collectives. The level of legal consciousness correlated positively with the eciency of women employees’ professional activity in law enforcement agencies. A sthenic type of responding, predominance of irritable personality traits were most prominent features in women employees in lawenforcement agencies. Such personal characteristics as gentleness, sentimentality, femininity, sensitiveness, and desire to be protected reduced the eciency of women employees’ professional activity.The obtained data allowed the authors to develop practical recommendations for social-psychological support of women’s professional activity in law enforcement agencies.
Сложные системы в психофизиологии представляют эффект «повторение без повторений» Н. А. Бернштейна
Authors: Es’kov Valerii М. , Zinchenko Iurii P. , Veraksa Aleksandr N. , Filatova Diana Iu.
Published: November 2016

The discussion of special properties of living systems still continues. The authors present a new understanding of complexity and systems of the third type (W.Weaver) in the new theory of chaos and self-organization, as well as in postneclassic(V.S.Stepin). The paper explains ineffectiveness of applying stochastics and deterministic chaos (I. R.Prigogine, J. A.Wheeler and M.Gell-Mann) for describing complexbiological systems. The authors introduce a new concept of homeostatic systems. These systems are in continuous random motion. Thus, statistical methods are inappropriate here. The authors dene the limits of modern deterministic and stochastic science in describingcomplex homeostatic biological systems. These propositions signify a new stage in the development of the philosophy of science and the science of nature (complexity) in whole. The eect of “repetition without repetition” (N. A. Bernstein) which is now quantitatively described by the eect of Eskov–Zinchenko underlies this dierentiation.
Символ в контексте психоаналитической и смысловой интерпретации
Authors: Abakumova Irina V. , Koltunova Elena А. , Ermakov Pavel N.
Published: November 2016

The paper considers the modern interpretation of the symbol as a psychological category in the context of the theory of sense and sense-creation. The study ofthe symbol has a long history of various scientific interpretations. Modern psychology makes some substantial additions to the understanding of the mechanisms ofthe formation of symbols at the level of public conscience, aswell as at the level ofpersonal consciousness. The main purpose of the paper is to characterizethe specificity of the interpretation of the symbol as a certain sense value. Theauthors revealed and described the genetic relationship ofthe interpretation ofsymbolization in two different psychological schools: psychoanalysis and the theory of sense-creation.The authors suggested differentiating symbols in accordance with thecharacteristics of their representation in the system of personal values. Thus, the authors introduce the “concept-symbol” category. Concepts-symbols are not similar to traditional concepts owing to their universal functional filling. Concepts-symbols are a sort oftransformers; they bear meanings that not only direct the person’s understanding ofa context but also disclose the sense and its possible variability. The symbol includes two forms of senses: extrapersonal andinterpersonal. Hence, the symbol is able toinspire the procedure of sense-creation in the subject who cognizes its meanings. The “decrystallization” ofpersonal comprehension, where the very concept is its bearer, underlies theinteriorization of concepts-symbols. The formation and improvement of the person’s sense sphere is possible through the use of the conceptual-symbolic system, whichconsiders concepts-symbols of various meanings (symbols: signs, properties, composition, and metaphors).
«Сугубо женская тема» – внешний облик
Authors: Labunskaia Vera А.
Published: November 2016

The paper presents the main theses of the report entitled “The Role of Women in the History of Psychology in the 20th Century and Today”. The author presented this report at the International Scientific-Practical Conference “Sabina Nikolaevna Spielrein: Her Personality and Contribution to Psychoanalysis, Developmental Psychology, and Clinical Psychology” (November 7–8, 2015). In the report the author underlined that S. N. Spielrein was a scientist who laid the foundation of “Women’s Studies” in the humanities, gender studies, psychology, and psychoanalysis. When studying “women’s experience” women scientists concentrate on thediscussion of some issues of human external appearance. When explaining therelevance of this study the author notes that previous research demonstrates that this issue is considered as a “women’s issue”. Moreover, the external appearanceof S. N. Spielrein “escapes” researchers. In her diary S. N. Spielrein findsherself unattractive, has doubts about her female virtues.S. N. Spielrein’s life is constructed “from the outside”. Thus, the problem ofwomen’s external appearance, existing within masculine eyesight, isone of issues in women’s studies. In the report the author reviews a number ofstudies– “women’s studies” – devoted to women’s studies of such phenomena as theexperience of external appearance evaluation, concern about external appea rance. These studiesmay be useful in consideration of some aspects ofthe biography ofS.N. Spielrein.
Учение С. Н. Шпильрейн о деструкции: теоретические и психобиографические аспекты
Authors: Filatov Filipp R.
Published: November 2016

The article contains the characteristic of the main work in S. Spielrein’s scientific heritage – “Destruction as the Cause of Coming into Being” (1912). This classic work is considered as a scientific alternative to S. Freud’s conception ofdeath instinct. Freud defined the death instinct / drive as a regression,“adesire to restore previous condition” or “the tendency to return to the in organic state”, “to rest of lifeless matter”. This is consistent with his idea of “the conservative nature of the libido”. According to S. N. Spielrein, destruction involves thedestructionof the previous condition for the emergence of a new, destruction, providing transformation, “resurrection” of the individual in a new form. S. Spielrein proposes to distinguish between two basic instincts: the instinct of self-preservation and the instinct of preservation of the species. Thefirst ofthem is simple in structure and conservative, because it aims to preserve the individual in the state ofavailablecash. The second aims to save the species by way of constants changes, regardless of the individual’s selfish desires and aspirations for sustainability. The instinct of preservation of the species has acomplex two-component structure, in which erotic attraction inseparable from destruction. Thus, this instinct has ambivalent nature and includes both negative and positive (for ego) components. S. N. Spielrein’s ideas of destruction are analyzed in the context of thedestructive events of her life. In the article the main stages of S. Spielrein’s life are described.The author discusses her contribution to the development ofpsychoanalysis. The author analyzes S. N. Spielrein’s conception of destruction as an original attempt to integrate the ideas of C. G. Jung and S. Freud on a new theoretical basis.