bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic mutation patterns among glioblastoma patients in the Taiwanese population – insights from a single institution retrospective study
Authors: Huang Yu-Fen , Chiao Ming-Tsang , Hsiao Tzu-Hung , Zhan Yong-Xiang , Chen Tse-Yu , Lee Chung-Hsin , Liu Szu-Yuan , Liao Chih-Hsiang , Cheng Wen-Yu , Yen Chun-Ming , Lai Chih-Ming , Chen Jun-Peng , Shen Chiung-Chyi , Yang Meng-Yin
Published: February 2024

This study utilized Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to explore genetic determinants of survival duration in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) patients. We categorized 30 primary GBM patients into two groups based on their survival periods: extended survival (over two years, N = 17) and abbreviated survival (under two years, N = 13). For identifying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, we leveraged the ClinVar database. The cohort, aged 23 to 66 (median: 53), included 17 patients in Group A (survival >2 years, 10 males, 7 females), and 13 patients in Group B (survival <2 years, 8 males, 5 females), with a 60% to 40% male-to-female ratio. Identified mutations included CHEK2 (c.1477 G > A, p.E493K), IDH1 (c.395 G > A, p.R132H), and TP53 mutations. Non-coding regions exhibited variants in the TERT promoter (c.-146C > T, c.-124C > T) and TP53 RNA splicing site (c.376-2 A > C, c.376-2 A > G). While Group A had more mutations, statistical significance wasn’t reached, likely due to sample size. Notably, TP53, and ATR displayed a trend toward significance. Surprisingly, TP53 mutations were more prevalent in Group A, contradicting Western findings on poorer GBM prognosis. In Taiwanese GBM patients, bevacizumab usage is linked to improved survival rates, affirming its safety and effectiveness. EGFR mutations are infrequent, suggesting potential distinctions in carcinogenic pathways. Further research on EGFR mutations and amplifications is essential for refining therapeutic approaches. TP53 mutations are associated with enhanced survival, but their functional implications necessitate detailed exploration. This study pioneers genetic analysis in Taiwanese GBM patients using NGS, advancing our understanding of their genetic landscape.
The Dimorphos ejecta plume properties revealed by LICIACube
Authors: Dotto E. , Deshapriya J. D. P. , Gai I. , Hasselmann P. H. , Mazzotta Epifani E. , Poggiali G. , Rossi A. , Zanotti G. , Zinzi A. , Bertini I. , Brucato J. R. , Dall’Ora M. , Della Corte V. , Ivanovski S. L. , Lucchetti A. , Pajola M. , Amoroso M. , Barnouin O. , Campo Bagatin A. , Capannolo A. , Caporali S. , Ceresoli M. , Chabot N. L. , Cheng A. F. , Cremonese G. , Fahnestock E. G. , Farnham T. L. , Ferrari F. , Gomez Casajus L. , Gramigna E. , Hirabayashi M. , Ieva S. , Impresario G. , Jutzi M. , Lasagni Manghi R. , Lavagna M. , Li J.-Y. , Lombardo M. , Modenini D. , Palumbo P. , Perna D. , Pirrotta S. , Raducan S. D. , Richardson D. C. , Rivkin A. S. , Stickle A. M. , Sunshine J. M. , Tortora P. , Tusberti F. , Zannoni M.
Published: February 2024

The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) had an impact with Dimorphos (a satellite of the asteroid Didymos) on 26 September 20221. Ground-based observations showed that the Didymos system brightened by a factor of 8.3 after the impact because of ejecta, returning to the pre-impact brightness 23.7 days afterwards2. Hubble Space Telescope observations made from 15 minutes after impact to 18.5 days after, with a spatial resolution of 2.1 kilometres per pixel, showed a complex evolution of the ejecta3, consistent with other asteroid impact events. The momentum enhancement factor, determined using the measured binary period change4, ranges between 2.2 and 4.9, depending on the assumptions about the mass and density of Dimorphos5. Here we report observations from the LUKE and LEIA instruments on the LICIACube cube satellite, which was deployed 15 days in advance of the impact of DART. Data were taken from 71 seconds before the impact until 320 seconds afterwards. The ejecta plume was a cone with an aperture angle of 140 ± 4 degrees. The inner region of the plume was blue, becoming redder with increasing distance from Dimorphos. The ejecta plume exhibited a complex and inhomogeneous structure, characterized by filaments, dust grains and single or clustered boulders. The ejecta velocities ranged from a few tens of metres per second to about 500 metres per second.
Incomplete transcripts dominate the Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcriptome
Authors: Ju Xiangwu , Li Shuqi , Froom Ruby , Wang Ling , Lilic Mirjana , Delbeau Madeleine , Campbell Elizabeth A. , Rock Jeremy M. , Liu Shixin
Published: February 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a bacterial pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease that is responsible for major health and economic costs worldwide1. Mtb encounters diverse environments during its life cycle and responds to these changes largely by reprogramming its transcriptional output2. However, the mechanisms of Mtb transcription and how they are regulated remain poorly understood. Here we use a sequencing method that simultaneously determines both termini of individual RNA molecules in bacterial cells3 to profile the Mtb transcriptome at high resolution. Unexpectedly, we find that most Mtb transcripts are incomplete, with their 5′ ends aligned at transcription start sites and 3′ ends located 200–500 nucleotides downstream. We show that these short RNAs are mainly associated with paused RNA polymerases (RNAPs) rather than being products of premature termination. We further show that the high propensity of Mtb RNAP to pause early in transcription relies on the binding of the σ-factor. Finally, we show that a translating ribosome promotes transcription elongation, revealing a potential role for transcription–translation coupling in controlling Mtb gene expression. In sum, our findings depict a mycobacterial transcriptome that prominently features incomplete transcripts resulting from RNAP pausing. We propose that the pausing phase constitutes an important transcriptional checkpoint in Mtb that allows the bacterium to adapt to environmental changes and could be exploited for TB therapeutics.
Analysing the influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag and steel fibre on RC beams flexural behaviour
Authors: Murthy A. Ramachandra , Prasanna P. K. , Nipun G. , Srinivasu K. , Gandla Kumaraswamy , Khan Afzal Husain , Sabi Ehab
Published: February 2024

This study examines the effect of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and steel fibers on the flexural behaviour of RC beams under monotonic loading. Various percentages of GGBS were used to substitute cement, namely 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% and fibers were added to the concrete mix as 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% of the volume of concrete. The load–deflection behaviour of GGBS-incorporated RC beams with fibers was compared with the control RC beam. Beams were tested under load control for 28 days and 180 days. The ultimate load of the GGBS-incorporated RC beam up to 40% cement replacement was found to higher than that of the control beam. The strength of concrete is reduced by 28% and 19% when cement was partially replaced by 80% of GGBS at 28 and 180 days, respectively, compared to control concrete without fibres. Further, the analytical load–deflection response of GGBS-incorporated RC beams was determined by using several codes of practice, namely, ACI 318-11(2011), CSA A23.3-04 (2004), EC-04 (2004), and IS 456 (2000). The Codal provisions were primarily based on the effective moment of inertia, Young’s modulus, and modulus of rupture, stiffness, and cracking. Average load–deflection plots obtained from experiments were compared with the computed load–deflection of analytical studies. It was found that the analytically predicted load–deflection behaviour is comparable with the corresponding average experimental load–deflection response. Moment curvature relations were also developed for RC beams.
Bashing irreproducibility with shournal
Authors: Kirchner Tycho , Riege Konstantin , Hoffmann Steve
Published: February 2024

Arguably, the most important tool for many computational scientists is the Linux shell. Processing steps carried out there are critical for a large number of analyses. While the manual documentation of the work is time-consuming and error-prone, existing tools do not integrate well into the shell or suffer from a large overhead. Here, we present shournal, which integrates tightly into the shell and automatically records all shell commands along with their associated file events. Thus, for all files, it can later be told how they were generated and processed. Additionally, it allows the creation of detailed reports for whole project folders. shournal retrieves its data directly from the Linux kernel and allows the monitoring of whole process trees with low overhead.
Single dose creatine improves cognitive performance and induces changes in cerebral high energy phosphates during sleep deprivation
Authors: Gordji-Nejad Ali , Matusch Andreas , Kleedörfer Sophie , Jayeshkumar Patel Harshal , Drzezga Alexander , Elmenhorst David , Binkofski Ferdinand , Bauer Andreas
Published: February 2024

The inverse effects of creatine supplementation and sleep deprivation on high energy phosphates, neural creatine, and cognitive performances suggest that creatine is a suitable candidate for reducing the negative effects of sleep deprivation. With this, the main obstacle is the limited exogenous uptake by the central nervous system (CNS), making creatine only effective over a long-term diet of weeks. Thus far, only repeated dosing of creatine over weeks has been studied, yielding detectable changes in CNS levels. Based on the hypothesis that a high extracellular creatine availability and increased intracellular energy consumption will temporarily increase the central creatine uptake, subjects were orally administered a high single dose of creatinemonohydrate (0.35 g/kg) while performing cognitive tests during sleep deprivation. Two consecutive 31P-MRS scans, 1H-MRS, and cognitive tests were performed each at evening baseline, 3, 5.5, and 7.5 h after single dose creatine (0.35 g/kg) or placebo during sub-total 21 h sleep deprivation (SD). Our results show that creatine induces changes in PCr/Pi, ATP, tCr/tNAA, prevents a drop in pH level, and improves cognitive performance and processing speed. These outcomes suggest that a high single dose of creatine can partially reverse metabolic alterations and fatigue-related cognitive deterioration.
Motorized and non-motorized mixed traffic characteristics and lateral opening spacing calculation for the section of arterial highway through small towns
Authors: Hu Shengneng , Mao Kexin , Tong Wei , Jia Zhen , Zhai Weibo , Xu Hongwei
Published: February 2024

A large number of motor vehicles and non-motorized vehicles mixed in the section of arterial highway crossing the town leads to many traffic problems. Therefore, it is necessary to set up a side divider between motorized and non-motorized lanes, and the appropriate spacing of lateral crossing openings to meet the needs of non-motorized vehicles crossing the highway has become a key issue that must be resolved. This paper investigates the traffic flow characteristics of mixed traffic flow on arterial highways through small town sections, and from the two dimensions of highway access efficiency and the psychological characteristics of cyclists, it calibrates the setting range of the spacing of non-motorized lateral crossing openings under different design speeds, which is used to regulate the behavior of non-motorized vehicles crossing the street, improve the safety level of the highway, reduce the lateral interference of the highway, and improve the road access efficiency. The accuracy of the research results is verified by microscopic simulation experiments, which proves that they can meet good expectations in practical engineering. The research results have theoretical significance and reference value for improving the status quo of machine-non-mixed traffic in the section of arterial highway passing through small towns, and enhancing the efficiency and safety of highway traffic. It also provides corresponding reference for the areas facing similar problems worldwide.
Developing efficient strategies for localizing the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein subcellularly in transgenic Eimeria parasites
Authors: Yu Ying , Zhang Sixin , Duan Chunhui , Crouch Colin , Suo Jingxia , Tang Xinming , Liu Xianyong , Liu Jie , Bruton Beth , Tarpey Ian , Suo Xun
Published: February 2024

Eimeria species serve as promising eukaryotic vaccine vectors. And that the location of heterologous antigens in the subcellular components of genetically modified Eimeria may determine the magnitude and type of immune responses. Therefore, our study aimed to target a heterologous fluorescent protein to the cell surface or microneme, two locations where are more effective in inducing protective immunity, of Eimeria tenella and E. acervulina sporozoites. We used an enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) as a tagging biomarker, fusing variously with some localization or whole sequences of compartmental proteins for targeting. After acquiring stable transgenic Eimeria populations, we observed EYFP expressing in expected locations with certain strategies. That is, EYFP successfully localized to the surface when it was fused between signal peptides and mature products of surface antigen 1 (SAG1). Furthermore, EYFP was efficiently targeted to the apical end, an optimal location for secretory organelle known as the microneme, when fused to the C terminus of microneme protein 2. Unexpectedly, EYFP exhibited dominantly in the apical end with only weak expression on the surface of the transgenic sporozoites when the parasites were transfected with plasmid with EYFP fused between signal peptides and mature products of E. tenella SAG 13. These strategies worked in both E. tenella and E. acervulina, laying a solid foundation for studying E. tenella and E. acervulina-based live vaccines that can be further tailored to the inclusion of cargo immunogens from other pathogens.
The potential recording of North Ionian Gyre’s reversals as a decadal signal in sea level during the instrumental period
Authors: Meli Matteo
Published: February 2024

In recent decades, the north Ionian Sea, central Mediterranean Sea, has witnessed shifts in surface current circulation from cyclonic to anticyclonic and vice versa at the quasi-decadal scale, a phenomenon termed the North Ionian Gyre (NIG) reversal. This process impacts parameters such as sea level by altering thermohaline properties and redistributing water masses at the sub-basin scale. Previous studies have shown that during anticyclonic (cyclonic) phases, the Ionian sea-level trend is falling (rising), the opposite of what is observed in other Mediterranean sub-basins. Assuming that sea level records reversals, this study employed signal decomposition to analyze satellite altimetry data and tide gauge observations across the region, some dating back to the 1900s. A distinct quasi-decadal periodicity emerges as the second dominant oscillatory mode from all independent observations, aligning its peaks and troughs (i.e., changes in sea-level trend) with known NIG reversals and associated changes in the state of North Ionian vorticity. Furthermore, this mode from altimetry data clearly depicts the spatial variability of sea level attributed to the opposite NIG states. This periodicity appears coherent among different sub-basins within the domain, especially in the eastern Mediterranean, with a shared generalized out of phase and weakening occurred from the 1930s to the 1950s. This study presents a century-scale reconstruction of NIG reversals, contributing to the understanding of this phenomenon prior to 1987 using direct observations from sea-level data.
Extendable high gain low current/high pulse modified quadratic–SEPIC converter for water treatment applications
Authors: Sumathy P. , Navamani J. Divya , Mohamed Ali Jagabar Sathik , Lavanya A. , Vishnuram Pradeep , Bajaj Mohit , Dost Mohammadi Shir Ahmad , Prokop Lukas
Published: February 2024

Substantial attention has been drawn over the past few years by high step-up dc-dc converters owing to their applications in a wide range. Apart from renewable energy applications, high voltage/ high pulse converters are efficiently used in water treatment applications. The converter suggested a combination of Quadratic and SEPIC converters with a diode-capacitor cell. This topology generates high-voltage repetitive pulses with a single semiconductor switch and reduced component count. The stress across the components is less than the high-gain converters reported in the literature. The topology has an extendable feature by increasing the number of diode-capacitor cells without affecting the stress. The superiority of the high pulse generating topology is validated with a similar converter in the literature. This paper discusses the nL5 simulator results for the proposed rated topology required for water treatment. A scaled-down 50 W prototype is tested for various input voltages to generate high voltage pulse, and the analytical study is validated.
Metabolic rewiring of macrophages by epidermal-derived lactate promotes sterile inflammation in the murine skin
Authors: Ayyangar Uttkarsh , Karkhanis Aneesh , Tay Heather , Afandi Aliya Farissa Binte , Bhattacharjee Oindrila , KS Lalitha , Lee Sze Han , Chan James , Raghavan Srikala
Published: February 2024

Dysregulated macrophage responses and changes in tissue metabolism are hallmarks of chronic inflammation in the skin. However, the metabolic cues that direct and support macrophage functions in the skin are poorly understood. Here, we show that during sterile skin inflammation, the epidermis and macrophages uniquely depend on glycolysis and the TCA cycle, respectively. This compartmentalisation is initiated by ROS-induced HIF-1α stabilization leading to enhanced glycolysis in the epidermis. The end-product of glycolysis, lactate, is then exported by epithelial cells and utilized by the dermal macrophages to induce their M2-like fates through NF-κB pathway activation. In addition, we show that psoriatic skin disorder is also driven by such lactate metabolite-mediated crosstalk between the epidermis and macrophages. Notably, small-molecule inhibitors of lactate transport in this setting attenuate sterile inflammation and psoriasis disease burden, and suppress M2-like fate acquisition in dermal macrophages. Our study identifies an essential role for the metabolite lactate in regulating macrophage responses to inflammation, which may be effectively targeted to treat inflammatory skin disorders such as psoriasis.
Structural and decomposition analysis of TKX-50 with vacancy defects: insights from DFT and AIMD simulations
Authors: Guo Zhiwei , Wang Xiaohe , Hao Gazi , Xiao Lei , Feng Xiaojun , Yang Junqing , Jiang Wei
Published: February 2024

Vacancy defects reduce the structural stability of TKX-50. Among the defective systems, the V2 system has stronger structural stability.
The reduction behavior of sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) in lithium–sulfur batteries using a carbonate electrolyte: a computational study
Authors: Klostermann S. V. , Kappler J. , Waigum A. , Buchmeiser M. R. , Köhn A. , Kästner J.
Published: February 2024

We used density functional theory to investigate the discharge mechanism of sulfurized poly(acrylonitrile) (SPAN). The nucleation of Li2S on the SPAN backbone is identified as a key factor to explain the low loss of active material.
Ligand structure and diluent nature in defining improved Am3+ and Cm3+ separation using diglycolamides: a combined solvent extraction and DFT study
Authors: Kanekar A. S. , Bhattacharyya A. , Mohapatra P. K.
Published: February 2024

Combined effect of marginal Am3+ selectivity of T2EHDGA and Cm3+ selectivity of SO3PhBTP is exploited for the improvement in Am/Cm separation.
Twinned versus linked organometallics - bimetallic “half-baguette” pentalenide complexes of Rh(i)
Authors: Sanderson Hugh J. , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , McMullin Claire L. , Hintermair Ulrich
Published: February 2024

Bimetallic “baguette” versions of the popular CpRh(I) “sandwich” complexes have been synthesised with a tetraarylated pentalenide. The factors leading to syn versus anti metallation have been investigated and the scope of ligand substitution is explored.
Controlling the diffusion of small molecules from matrices processed by all-aqueous methodologies: towards the development of green pharmaceutical products
Authors: Neves Bárbara S. , Gonçalves Raquel C. , Mano João F. , Oliveira Mariana B.
Published: February 2024

This work provides a review of green approaches for producing drug delivery systems (DDSs) to identify the challenges in effectively retaining and further releasing low molecular weight molecules from all-aqueous matrices.
Filament induced breakdown spectroscopy with enhanced excitations from plasma gratings
Authors: Li Fangfang , Hu Mengyun , Qiao Yu , Xu Shupeng , Wan Enlai , Zeng Heping
Published: February 2024

The interaction of two or three filaments generates a plasma grating, with a focus lens collecting the plasma emission into a spectrometer from the side direction after plasma grating ablating the sample.
“On–off–on” fluorescent sensor based on Ti3C2 quantum dots and CoOOH nanosheets for the detection of ascorbic acid
Authors: Hu Feifan , Mao Yong , Huang Jianzhen , Wan Li , Liu Song , Wen Zhiwei , Ai Fanrong
Published: February 2024

An “on–off–on” fluorescent sensor is constructed for AA detection by combining Ti3C2 QDs and CoOOH nanosheets.
Mechanochromic photoluminescence in a dinuclear alkynyl copper(i) complex with an extremely short Cu(i)⋯Cu(i) separation
Authors: Moussa J. , Juliá F. , Chamoreau L. M. , González-Herrero P.
Published: February 2024

Mechanochromic phosphorescence of a rare copper(i) dinuclear complex with an extremely short Cu(i)⋯Cu(i) separation.
Reinvigorating aza-Michael reactions under ionic liquid catalysis: a greener approach
Authors: Izquierdo Silvia , Cintas Pedro , Durán-Valle Carlos J. , de la Concepción Juan García , López-Coca Ignacio M.
Published: February 2024

Aza-Michael reactions can efficiently be catalyzed by greener cholinium-amino acid deep eutectic solvents.
Enzymatic cleaving of entangled DNA rings drives scale-dependent rheological trajectories
Authors: Neill Philip , Crist Natalie , McGorty Ryan , Robertson-Anderson Rae
Published: February 2024

Cleaving enzymes that linearize and chop up circular DNA elicit non-equilibrium rheological trajectories that are starkly different at small and large spatiotemporal scales due to time-varying contributions of entanglements, threading, and crowding.
A millimeter water-in-oil droplet as an alternative back exchange prevention strategy for hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry of peptides/proteins
Authors: Lui T.-Y. , Chen Xiangfeng , Zhang Simin , Hu Danna , Chan T.-W. Dominic
Published: February 2024

For the first time, retarded HDX in a millimeter droplet is demonstrated and applied as an unconventional back exchange suppression strategy.
Fluorescent metal nanoclusters: prospects for photoinduced electron transfer and energy harvesting
Authors: Bhunia Soumyadip , Mukherjee Manish , Purkayastha Pradipta
Published: February 2024

Research on noble metal nanoclusters (MNCs) (elements with filled electron d-bands) is progressing forward because of the extensive and extraordinary chemical, optical, and physical properties of these materials.
Palladium-catalyzed denitrogenation/vinylation of benzotriazinones with vinylene carbonate
Authors: Nan Jiang , Huang Qiong , Men Xinran , Yang Shuai , Wang Jing , Ma Yangmin
Published: February 2024

Herein, a novel Pd-catalyzed denitrogenation/vinylation of benzotriazinones using vinylene carbonate as the vinylation reagent is reported.
A multicomponent triformylphoroglucinol-based covalent organic framework for overall hydrogen peroxide photosynthesis
Authors: Chai Erchong , Huang Lanting , Jiao Lei , Xiao Zhiwei , Zhang Xiang , Wang Yaobing
Published: February 2024

A multicomponent covalent organic framework (COF-Tfp-BpyDaaq) integrating bipyridine with diaminoanthraquinone through a triformylphoroglucinol linkage was synthesized for the first time as a photocatalyst for overall H2O2 photosynthesis.
Construction of CsPbBr3/carboxyl-modified rGO heterostructures for efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methanol
Authors: Li Meng , Xu Jingtao , Song Yang , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Jin , Chen Feiyong
Published: February 2024

Construction of monodispersed CsPbBr3 NCs and carboxyl-modified rGO composites led to the production of CO and CH3OH with an Relectron of 359 μmol g−1 h−1 by photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Nitridochromate(iv) fluoride – LiCa8[CrN3]2N2F
Authors: Gloriozova Natalia , Prots Yurii , Krnel Mitja , Burkhardt Ulrich , Schmidt Marcus , Ormeci Alim , Jach Franziska , Höhn Peter , Grin Yuri
Published: February 2024

LiCa8[CrIVN3]2N2F is a nitridochromate fluoride featuring trigonal planar [CrN3]5− anions with tetravalent chromium and highly polar covalent Cr–N bonds. The compound exhibits diamagnetic and semiconducting behavior.
Design of an integrated biorefinery for bioethylene production from industrial forest byproducts
Authors: Cardozo Rocio Elizabet , Clauser Nicolás Martín , Felissia Fernando Esteban , Area María Cristina , Vallejos María Evangelina
Published: February 2024

We identified the significant technical-economic factors, uncertainty, and risks in the pine sawdust biorefinery design for bioethylene and lignin production.
Morphological adaptability through structural alterations in an AIE active novel chemosensor with Al(iii), Fe(iii), and gas phase/aqueous phase TNP recognition ability
Authors: Das Pranabendu , Das Manik , Biswas Raju , Laha Soumik , Samanta Bidhan Chandra , Maity Tithi
Published: February 2024

In both solid and solution states, the detection of picric acid is achieved by using the AIE active probe H2L with different morphologies at different water percentages.
Shear zones in granular mixtures of hard and soft particles with high and low friction
Authors: Singh Aditya Pratap , Angelidakis Vasileios , Pöschel Thorsten , Roy Sudeshna
Published: February 2024

Granular materials show inhomogeneous flows characterized by strain localization.
JADES: The incidence rate and properties of galactic outflows in low-mass galaxies across 3 < z < 9
Authors: Carniani Stefano , Venturi Giacomo , Parlanti Eleonora , de Graaff Anna , Maiolino Roberto , Arribas Santiago , Bonaventura Nina , Boyett Kristan , Bunker Andrew J. , Cameron Alex J. , Charlot Stephane , Chevallard Jacopo , Curti Mirko , Curtis-Lake Emma , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Giardino Giovanna , Hausen Ryan , Kumari Nimisha , Maseda Michael V. , Nelson Erica , Perna Michele , Rix Hans-Walter , Robertson Brant , Del Pino Bruno Rodríguez , Sandles Lester , Scholtz Jan , Simmonds Charlotte , Smit Renske , Tacchella Sandro , Übler Hannah , Williams Christina C. , Willott Chris , Witstok Joris
Published: February 2024

We investigate the incidence and properties of ionised gas outflows in a sample of 52 galaxies with stellar masses between 107 M⊙ and 109 M⊙ observed with ultra-deep JWST/NIRSpec MSA spectroscopy as part of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES). The high-spectral resolution (R2700) NIRSpec observations allowed us to identify for the first time the potential signature of outflows in the rest-frame optical nebular lines in low-mass galaxies at z > 4. The incidence fraction of ionised outflows, traced by broad components, is about 25–40%, depending on the intensity of the emission lines. The low incidence fraction might be due to both the sensitivity limit and the fact that outflows are not isotropic, but have a limited opening angle, which only results in detection when this is directed toward our line of sight. Evidence for outflows increases slightly with stellar mass and star formation rate. The median velocity and mass-loading factor (i.e. the ratio of the mass outflow rate and star formation rate) of the outflowing ionised gas are 350 km s−1 and η = 2.0−1.5+1.6, respectively. These are 1.5 and 100 times higher than the typical values observed in local dwarf galaxies. Some of these high-redshift outflows can escape the gravitational potential of the galaxy and dark matter halo and enrich the circumgalactic medium and possibly even the intergalactic medium. Our results indicate that outflows can significantly impact the star formation activity in low-mass galaxies within the first 2 Gyr of the Universe.
AGN feedback in the Local Universe: Multiphase outflow of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 5506
Authors: Esposito Federico , Alonso-Herrero Almudena , García-Burillo Santiago , Casasola Viviana , Combes Françoise , Dallacasa Daniele , Davies Richard , García-Bernete Ismael , García-Lorenzo Begoña , Muñoz Laura Hermosa , de Arriba Luis Peralta , Pereira-Santaella Miguel , Pozzi Francesca , Almeida Cristina Ramos , Shimizu Thomas Taro , Vallini Livia , Bellocchi Enrica , González-Martín Omaira , Hicks Erin K. S. , Hönig Sebastian , Labiano Alvaro , Levenson Nancy A. , Ricci Claudio , Rosario David J.
Published: February 2024

We present new optical GTC/MEGARA seeing-limited (0.9″) integral-field observations of NGC 5506, together with ALMA observations of the CO(3 − 2) transition at a 0.2″ (∼25 pc) resolution. NGC 5506 is a luminous (bolometric luminosity of ∼1044erg s−1) nearby (26 Mpc) Seyfert galaxy, part of the Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS). We modelled the CO(3 − 2) kinematics with3DBAROLO, revealing a rotating and outflowing cold gas ring within the central 1.2 kpc. We derived an integrated cold molecular gas mass outflow rate for the ring of ∼8 M⊙yr−1. We fitted the optical emission lines with a maximum of two Gaussian components to separate rotation from non-circular motions. We detected high [OIII]λ5007 projected velocities (up to ∼1000 km s−1) at the active galactic nucleus (AGN) position, decreasing with radius to an average ∼330 km s−1around ∼350 pc. We also modelled the [OIII] gas kinematics with a non-parametric method, estimating the ionisation parameter and electron density in every spaxel, from which we derived an ionised mass outflow rate of 0.076 M⊙yr−1within the central 1.2 kpc. Regions of high CO(3 − 2) velocity dispersion, extending to projected distances of ∼350 pc from the AGN, appear to be the result from the interaction of the AGN wind with molecular gas in the galaxy’s disc. Additionally, we find the ionised outflow to spatially correlate with radio and soft X-ray emission in the central kiloparsec. We conclude that the effects of AGN feedback in NGC 5506 manifest as a large-scale ionised wind interacting with the molecular disc, resulting in outflows extending to radial distances of 610 pc.
Die Therapie des Verbrennungsschocks – die ersten 24 h und darüber
hinaus
Authors: Böhm Dorothee , Bliesener Björn , Dieck Thorben , Kruse Marianne , Odenthal Tobias , Stoppe Christian , Trojan Stefan , Gille Jochen
Published: February 2024

Die Therapie des Verbrennungsschocks weist im Unterschied zu anderen Schockformen
einige Besonderheiten auf, welche selbst spezialisierte Zentren immer wieder vor
Herausforderungen stellen. Die S2k-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Verbrennungsmedizin (DGV) gibt hierzu therapeutische Handlungsempfehlungen auf
dem Boden der verfügbaren Evidenz. Das folgende Positionspapier möchte Hinweise
zum praktischen Vorgehen einschließlich eines Therapiealgorithmus ergänzen, die
sowohl innerhalb spezialisierter Verbrennungszentren als auch in
erstversorgenden Kliniken umgesetzt werden können. Diese sind als
Good-Practice-Points (GPP) zu verstehen und stellen die Position des
Arbeitskreises Intensivmedizin im Sinne eines Expertenkonsensus dar. Die
Kurzversion des Positionspapieres ist abrufbar über: https://verbrennungsmedizin.de/files/dgv_files/pdf/positionspapier/Pos%20Therapie%20des%20Verbrennungsschock%20AK%20Intensivmedizin%202023.pdf
Artificial intelligence-assisted system for the assessment of Forrest classification of peptic ulcer bleeding: a multicenter diagnostic study
Authors: He Xiao-Jian , Wang Xiao-Ling , Su Tian-Kang , Yao Li-Jia , Zheng Jing , Wen Xiao-Dong , Xu Qin-Wei , Huang Qian-Rong , Chen Li-Bin , Chen Chang-Xin , Lin Hai-Fan , Chen Yi-Qun , Hu Yan-Xing , Zhang Kai-Hua , Jiang Chuan-Shen , Liu Gang , Li Da-Zhou , Li Dong-Liang , Wen Wang
Published: February 2024

Background Inaccurate Forrest classification may significantly affect clinical outcomes, especially in high risk patients. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a real-time deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) system to assess the Forrest classification of peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB).

Methods A training dataset (3868 endoscopic images) and an internal validation dataset (834 images) were retrospectively collected from the 900th Hospital, Fuzhou, China. In addition, 521 images collected from four other hospitals were used for external validation. Finally, 46 endoscopic videos were prospectively collected to assess the real-time diagnostic performance of the DCNN system, whose diagnostic performance was also prospectively compared with that of three senior and three junior endoscopists.

Results The DCNN system had a satisfactory diagnostic performance
in the assessment of Forrest classification, with an accuracy of 91.2% (95%CI 89.5%–92.6%) and
a macro-average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80 in the
validation dataset. Moreover, the DCNN system could judge suspicious regions automatically
using Forrest classification in real-time videos, with an accuracy of 92.0% (95%CI
80.8%–97.8%). The DCNN system showed more accurate and stable diagnostic performance than
endoscopists in the prospective clinical comparison test. This system helped to slightly
improve the diagnostic performance of senior endoscopists and considerably enhance that of
junior endoscopists.

Conclusion The DCNN system for the assessment of the Forrest classification of PUB showed satisfactory diagnostic performance, which was slightly superior to that of senior endoscopists. It could therefore effectively assist junior endoscopists in making such diagnoses during gastroscopy.
The Impact of Marijuana Use on Postoperative Outcomes in Abdominal-based Free Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Lu Yi-Hsueh , Mahajan Lakshmi , Rudy Hayeem , Yan Yufan , Ricci Joseph A.
Published: February 2024

Background There is an increasing prevalence of marijuana use in the general population yet clinical studies on marijuana's effect on surgical outcomes remain limited. Marijuana's effect on wound healing, venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to endothelial inflammation, and bleeding due to inhibited platelet function have been cited based on animal models but have not been evaluated clinically in patients undergoing microsurgical reconstruction.

Methods Retrospective chart review was performed on all patients who underwent abdominal-based free flap breast reconstruction in a single institute from August 2018 to December 2022. Patient self-reported marijuana use, demographics, total narcotic use during hospitalization converted to oral morphine milligram equivalent (MME), and 90-day complications were collected and compared.

Results A total of 162 patients were included and 13 patients (8.5%) had reported marijuana use on presurgical history. Marijuana users are more likely to be younger and report concurrent nicotine smoking. Marijuana users were also at a significantly elevated risk of developing symptomatic VTE (15 vs. 1%; odds ratio (OR) 13.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71–104.2]; p = 0.01) and marijuana use remained a significant risk factor with multivariate analysis. On postoperative 90-day complications, there was no increased risk of flap loss, reoperation, postoperative transfusion, or hematoma associated with marijuana use, and no significantly increased risk for overall donor or recipient site complications. Marijuana users required significantly more narcotics for pain control during hospitalization (100 ± 77 vs. 49 ± 45 MME; p = 0.0003), although they had similar lengths of stay, achievement of mobilization on post operative day (POD)1, and maximal pain scores.

Conclusion Marijuana use increases the risks of postoperative VTE and increased postoperative narcotic requirements in patients who underwent abdominal-based free flap breast reconstruction. Future prospective cohort study is required to further understand marijuana-associated risks in microsurgical procedures.
Genetic Modifications of Developmental Dyslexia and Its Representation Using In Vivo, In Vitro Model
Authors: Zaki Zakiyyah M.M. , Ali Siti A. , Ghazali Mazira M. , Jam Faidruz A.
Published: February 2024

Dyslexia is a genetic and heritable disorder that has yet to discover the treatment of it, especially at the molecular and drug intervention levels. This review provides an overview of the current findings on the environmental and genetic factors involved in developmental dyslexia. The latest techniques used in diagnosing the disease and macromolecular factors findings may contribute to a higher degree of development in detangling the proper management and treatment for dyslexic individuals. Furthermore, this review tried to put together all the models used in the current dyslexia research for references in future studies that include animal models as well as in vitro models and how the previous research has provided consistent data across many years and regions. Thus, we suggest furthering the studies using an organoid model based on the existing gene polymorphism, pathways, and neuronal function input.
Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of NRG1/2 Gene Fusion Solid Tumors
Authors: Xu Chunwei , Wang Qian , Wang Dong , Wang Wenxian , Fang Wenfeng , Li Ziming , Liu Aijun , Yu Jinpu , Zhong Wenzhao , Wang Zhijie , Zhang Yongchang , Liu Jingjing , Zhang Shirong , Cai Xiuyu , Liu Anwen , Li Wen , Zhan Ping , Liu Hongbing , Lv Tangfeng , Miao Liyun , Min Lingfeng , Chen Yu , Yuan Jingping , Wang Feng , Jiang Zhansheng , Lin Gen , Huang Long , Pu Xingxiang , Lin Rongbo , Liu Weifeng , Rao Chuangzhou , Lv Dongqing , Yu Zongyang , Li Xiaoyan , Tang Chuanhao , Zhou Chengzhi , Zhang Junping , Xue Junli , Guo Hui , Chu Qian , Meng Rui , Wu Jingxun , Zhang Rui , Zhou Jin , Zhu Zhengfei , Li Yongheng , Qiu Hong , Xia Fan , Lu Yuanyuan , Chen Xiaofeng , Ge Rui , Dai Enyong , Han Yu , Pan Weiwei , Pang Fei , He Qingqing , Huang Jintao , Wang Kai , Wu Fan , Xu Bingwei , Wang Liping , Zhu Youcai , Lin Li , Xie Yanru , Lin Xinqing , Cai Jing , Xu Ling , Li Jisheng , Jiao Xiaodong , Li Kainan , Wei Jia , Feng Huijing , Wang Lin , Du Yingying , Yao Wang , Shi Xuefei , Niu Xiaomin , Yuan Dongmei , Yao Yanwen , Huang Jianhui , Feng Yue , Zhang Yinbin , Sun Pingli , Wang Hong , Ye Mingxiang , Wang Zhaofeng , Hao Yue , Wang Zhen , Wan Bin , Lv Donglai , Yang Shengjie , Kang Jin , Zhang Jiatao , Zhang Chao , Ou Juanjuan , Shi Lin , Wang Yina , Li Bihui , Zhang Zhang , Li Zhongwu , Liu Zhefeng , Yang Nong , Wu Lin , Wang Huijuan , Jin Gu , Wang Guansong , Wang Jiandong , Fang Meiyu , Fang Yong , Li Yuan , Wang Xiaojia , Zhang Yiping , Zhu Xixu , Shen Yi , Ma Shenglin , Wang Biyun , Si Lu , Song Yong , Lu Yuanzhi , Chen Jing , Song Zhengbo
Published: February 2024

The fusion genes NRG1 and NRG2, members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family, have emerged as key drivers in cancer. Upon fusion, NRG1 retains its EGF-like active domain, binds to the ERBB ligand family, and triggers intracellular signaling cascades, promoting uncontrolled cell proliferation. The incidence of NRG1 gene fusion varies across cancer types, with lung cancer being the most prevalent at 0.19 to 0.27%. CD74 and SLC3A2 are the most frequently observed fusion partners. RNA-based next-generation sequencing is the primary method for detecting NRG1 and NRG2 gene fusions, whereas pERBB3 immunohistochemistry can serve as a rapid prescreening tool for identifying NRG1-positive patients. Currently, there are no approved targeted drugs for NRG1 and NRG2. Common treatment approaches involve pan-ERBB inhibitors, small molecule inhibitors targeting ERBB2 or ERBB3, and monoclonal antibodies. Given the current landscape of NRG1 and NRG2 in solid tumors, a consensus among diagnostic and treatment experts is proposed, and clinical trials hold promise for benefiting more patients with NRG1 and NRG2 gene fusion solid tumors.
Einkauf 4.0: Umsetzung von KI in der Praxis
Authors: Rong Oliver
Published: February 2024

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) ist spätestens seit ChatGPT in aller Munde. Und auch im Einkaufsbereich gibt es zahlreiche Möglichkeiten mithilfe innovativer technischer Lösungen die Leistungserbringung auf ein nächstes Level zu heben. Der Beitrag stellt wesentliche Optionen dar und geht auf Chancen und Risiken ein. Und natürlich gibt es auch Tipps zur Umsetzung.
Nachhaltige Beschaffung: Erfahrungen aus einem Jahr LkSG und Ausblick auf die europäische Richtlinie
Authors: Schork Christoph , Schreier Birgit
Published: February 2024

Vor gut einem Jahr, am 1. Januar 2023, ist das Lieferkettensorgfaltspflichtengesetz (LkSG) für Unternehmen mit 3000 Arbeitnehmern in Deutschland in Kraft getreten und ab dem 1. Januar 2024 erstreckt sich der Anwendungsbereich des LkSG auch auf Unternehmen mit 1000 Arbeitnehmern. Es entsteht damit für weitere Unternehmen Anpassungs- und Aktualisierungsbedarf in den Bereichen Compliance, Einkauf und Vertragsgestaltung.
40. Bundesfachtagung: Gemeinsam zurück in die Zukunft
Authors: Ruch Norbert , Eloo Jörg
Published: February 2024

Die Bundesfachtagung des Fachverbands für Einkäufer, Materialwirtschaftler und Logistiker im Krankenhaus e. V. findet im Jahr 2024 in München unter dem Motto "Gemeinsam zurück in die Zukunft – Patientenversorgung und Liefersicherheit im Fokus von Einkauf und Industrie" statt. Auf der Agenda stehen Themen wie Cybersicherheit und Pflegelogistik.
Impact of triangularity on edge peeling–ballooning modes in H-mode plasmas
Authors: Zhang Y. , Guo Z. B. , Qin C. C. , Xu X. Q. , Li Z. Y. , Xu M.
Published: February 2024

Triangularity is an important shaping parameter in tokamak plasmas that affects the edge plasma state. In this work, we utilize the BOUT++ code to study the effect of positive and negative triangularity on the peeling–ballooning modes with H-mode profiles. The model equilibria with a JET-like geometry are self-consistently generated by the CORSICA equilibrium code, with a fixed pressure profile when varying triangularity. The linear simulations reveal that increasing positive triangularity results in the increase in magnetic shear and decrease in radial electric field (Er) curvature, leading to the stabilization of the peeling–ballooning modes. On the contrary, the increase in negative triangularity results in a destabilizing effect due to the decrease in magnetic shear and increase in Er curvature. It is found that the modification of Er shear due to triangularity variation cannot impact edge stability significantly. The nonlinear simulations further demonstrate that more positive triangularity results in reduced nonlinear energy loss fraction or pedestal collapse, while more negative triangularity results in increased nonlinear energy loss fraction or pedestal collapse. These results provide qualitative insights into experimental observations of the high pedestal pressure profiles with positive triangularity configuration and restricted low pedestal pressure profiles with negative triangularity configuration.
Realization of Jackiw–Rebbi zero-energy modes at photonic crystal domain walls: Emergence of polarization-indiscriminate surface states
Authors: Gupta Nitish Kumar , Srinivasu Sapireddy , Kumar Mukesh , Tiwari Anjani Kumar , Pal Sudipta Sarkar , Wanare Harshawardhan , Ramakrishna S. Anantha
Published: February 2024

The Jackiw–Rebbi model is a relativistic quantum model credited with the theoretical predictions of zero-energy bound states and charge fractionalization prior to the discovery of topological insulators and the fractional quantum Hall effect. In this work, we demonstrate a photonic equivalent of the Jackiw–Rebbi model by resorting to photonic crystal band structure engineering. Specifically, our photonic realization employs two spatial inversion symmetric binary photonic crystals exhibiting complementary signs of differential effective mass parameter (δm) for their second bandgaps. Their concatenation manifests a step discontinuity in the spatial profile of the effective mass parameter, forming a domain wall at the photonic crystal interface. Upon analyzing the reflectance spectra of the concatenated photonic crystal structure, we find a midgap surface state localized at this domain wall. Furthermore, much in agreement with the Jackiw–Rebbi zero-energy solution, the materialized photonic surface state also exhibits a zero-energy character in a differential energy space corresponding to the δm parameter, which has been quantified experimentally. Crucially, the conceived zero-energy mode amounts to the observation of a peculiar surface state with polarization-indiscriminate dispersion that can help realize all-angle polarization neutral optics.
The ultralow loss Li2Mg3Ti1−xAl4x/3O6 microwave dielectric ceramics and its design of dielectric resonator antenna
Authors: Zhou Pengfei , Zhang Pengcheng
Published: February 2024

The Li2Mg3Ti1−xAl4x/3O6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) ceramics are synthesized using the solid phase method, showing excellent microwave dielectric properties with εr = 14.05, Q × f = 144 500 GHz, and τf = −43 ppm/°C at x = 0.04. Rietveld refinements, based on the XRD data, reveal that the Li2Mg3Ti1−xAl4x/3O6 ceramics crystallize in the rock salt structure with Fm-3m space group. The relationship between the crystal structure and intrinsic microwave dielectric properties is studied in detail. The variation in the dielectric constant is related to ionic polarization and relative density. The quality factor (Q × f) demonstrates a strong correlation with lattice energy, relative density, and concentration of Ti3+. The variation of τf is influenced by the bond thermal expansion coefficient and bond valence. The dielectric resonant antenna, manufactured from Li2Mg3Ti0.96Al0.0533O6-0.09TiO2 ceramic with near-zero τf, shows a bandwidth of 230 MHz at 7.40 GHz and a high radiant efficiency, which indicates that high-quality factor Li2Mg3Ti0.96Al0.0533O6 ceramic has significant potential in relevant fields such as 5G and smart driving.
Complementary negative capacitance field-effect transistors based on vertically stacked van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Siqing , Luo Zheng-Dong , Gan Xuetao , Zhang Dawei , Yang Qiyu , Tan Dongxin , Wen Jie , Liu Yan , Han Genquan , Hao Yue
Published: February 2024

Complementary field-effect transistors (CFETs) with a vertically stacked n-FET/p-FET configuration can provide a promising solution to boost area efficiency. However, the substantial power dissipation exhibited by these CFET devices poses a notable challenge to the energy efficiency. By combining a negative-capacitance field-effect transistor (NCFET) and a CFET, the problem of excessive power consumption can be solved. By using a negative-capacitance gate stack, the supply voltage (Vdd) applied to the gate of the CFET is increased, resulting in a reduction in power consumption. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a vertically integrated complementary negative capacitance field-effect transistor (NC-CFET) that combines tungsten diselenide (WSe2) p-NCFET and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) n-NCFET. With the hexagonal boron nitride/copper indium thiophosphate CuInP2S6 (CIPS) dielectric stack, both n-type and p-type van der Waals (vdW) NCFETs exhibit sub-60 mV/decade switching characteristics. The vdW NC-CFET exhibits a voltage gain of 78.34 and a power consumption of 129.7 pW at a supply voltage of 1 V. These device characteristics demonstrate the great potential of the vdW NC-CFET for high density and low power applications.