bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O padrão da rotura do supraespinal afeta os resultados do reparo artroscópico?
Authors: Malavolta Eduardo Angeli , Andrade-Silva Fernando Brandão , Canhos André Lange , Assunção Jorge Henrique , Gracitelli Mauro Emilio Conforto , Ferreira Neto Arnaldo Amado
Published: December 2019

Objetivo Avaliar a influência do padrão da rotura do supraespinal nas avaliações funcionais pré e pós-operatória.

Métodos Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, comparando pacientes com rotura do supraespinal em crescente versus em L ou U. Incluímos pacientes submetidos ao reparo artroscópico completo do supraespinal. Não incluímos pacientes com reparo dos tendões do subescapular ou infraespinal, aqueles submetidos a cirurgia aberta, ou aqueles nos quais foi obtido apenas o reparo parcial. As escalas clínicas utilizadas foram The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment (ASES) e Modified-University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Rating Scale (UCLA), aplicadas uma semana antes e 24 meses após o procedimento.

Resultados Analisamos 167 ombros (de 163 pacientes). No pré-operatório, a escala da ASES demonstrou ser significativamente superior no padrão em crescente (43,5 ± 17,6 versus 37,7 ± 13,8; p = 0,034). A escala da UCLA teve o mesmo padrão (15,2 ± 4,6 versus 13,5 ± 3,6; p = 0,028). No pós-operatório, entretanto, não ocorreu diferença significativa. De acordo com a escala da ASES, roturas em crescente tiveram 83,7 ± 18,7 pontos, e as roturas em L ou U, 82,9 ± 20,1 (p = 0,887). Respectivamente, os valores foram de 30,9 ± 4,9 e 30,5 ± 5,6 (p = 0,773) pela escala da UCLA.

Conclusão As roturas em crescente e em L ou U do supraespinal apresentam resultados funcionais pós-operatórios semelhantes. No pré-operatório, os resultados funcionais são superiores nas roturas em crescente.
Nível de evidência e patrocínio industrial associado a desfechos favoráveis nas publicações sobre terapia com plasma rico em plaquetas nas doenças osteomusculares
Authors: Nesello Pietro Felice Tomazini , Baroni Allan Cassio , Selistre Luciano da Silva
Published: December 2019

O plasma rico em plaquetas é derivado da centrifugação do sangue total. Há um interesse crescente, na medicina esportiva e na comunidade atlética, no fornecimento de fatores de crescimento endógeno diretamente ao sítio da lesão, usando componentes sanguíneos autólogos, como o plasma rico em plaquetas. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a associação entre financiamento de pesquisa, conflito de interesses, nível de evidência e afiliação dos autores com a interpretação dos resultados em publicações sobre terapia com plasma rico em plaquetas nas doenças osteomusculares. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura atual. O desfecho foi classificado como favorável ou desfavorável. A declaração de conflito de interesses e o tipo de financiamento foram extraídos de cada artigo. O financiamento foi qualificado em patrocínio industrial; não patrocinado pela indústria; ou não identificável. O nível de evidência foi categorizado de I a IV. Foram obtidos os resultados positivos mais altos com 134 estudos financiados pelo setor industrial, em comparação com estudos não financiados pela indústria (razão de probabilidades [RP]: 0,26; intervalo de confiança de 95% [95%IC]: 0,08–0,85; p < 0,05). Em comparação com o nível de evidência I, os níveis II e IV aumentam a probabilidade de resultado positivo em 12,42 vezes (p < 0,01) e 10,97 vezes (p < 0,01), respectivamente. Demonstrou-se que, proporcionalmente, estudos patrocinados pela indústria têm maior probabilidade de apresentar resultados positivos, bem como artigos com menor qualidade de evidência.
Brain Crosstalk with Other Organs in ICU Patient
Authors: Saran Sai , Gurjar Mohan
Published: December 2019

Crosstalk between various organs exists in the human body. This can be part of physiological reflexes such as cardiac reflexes that protect the organs during stressful stimuli or can be part of pathological conditions where an insult to an organ releases cytokines that cause distant effects on other organs. In critically ill patients, these crosstalks are independent of pre-existing common risk factors or the presence of new risk exposure during the treatment. Crosstalk can manifest in series or parallel. The human brain, being a control center of the human body, does crosstalk with almost every organ in the body. In this narrative review, crosstalk of the brain with various organs and systems such as the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, gut, muscle, bone, skin, adipose tissue, and immune system is being discussed along with clinical manifestations and management. Future research might help to target these pathological processes in preventing progression of single-organ dysfunction to multi-organ failures in critically ill patients.
Effect of Testosterone on Proliferation Markers and Apoptosis in Breasts of Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Oliveira Jussara Celi Conceição , Steiner Marcelo Luis , Theodoro Thérèse Rachell , Mader Ana Maria Amaral Antonio , Petri Giuliana , Abreu Luiz Carlos , Pinhal Maria Aparecida da Silva , Fernandes César Eduardo , Pompei Luciano Melo
Published: December 2019

Objective To investigate the action of testosterone (T), isolated or associated with estradiol benzoate (EB), on the proliferation markers and apoptosis of breasts of ovariectomized rats.

Methods A total of 48 castrated female Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups, and each of them were submitted to one of the following treatments for 5 weeks: 1) control; 2) EB 50 mcg/day  + T 50 mcg/day; 3) T 50mcg/day; 4) EB 50 mcg + T 300 mcg/day; 5) T 300 mcg/day; and 6) EB 50 mcg/day. After the treatment, the mammary tissue was submitted to a histological analysis and immunoexpression evaluation of proliferation markers (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA) and apoptosis (caspase-3).

Results There was a statistically significant difference among the groups regarding microcalcifications and secretory activity, with higher prevalence in the groups treated with EB. There was no difference among the groups regarding atrophy, but a higher prevalence of atrophy was found in the groups that received T versus those that received EB + T. There was a difference among the groups regarding the PCNA (p = 0.028), with higher expression in the group submitted to EB + T 300 mcg/day. Regarding caspase-3, there was no difference among the groups; however, in the group submitted to EB + T 300 mcg/day, the expression was higher than in the isolated T group.

Conclusion Isolated T did not have a proliferative effect on the mammary tissue, contrary to EB. Testosterone in combination with EB may or may not decrease the proliferation, depending on the dose of T.
Resultados da artroplastia total de disco cervical com acompanhamento mínimo de 10 anos
Authors: Lobo João Pedro Ferraz Montenegro , Linhares Daniela Vilas Boas Rosa , Lopes José Miguel Monteiro , Rodrigues Pedro Cacho , Pinto Rui Peixoto , Neves Nuno Silva Morais
Published: December 2019

Objetivo No presente estudo, apresentamos os resultados com um acompanhamento mínimo de 10 anos da artroplastia total do disco cervical (ATDC) em um nível.

Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes submetidos a ATDC em um nível. Os resultados clínicos incluíram o índice de incapacidade relacionada ao pescoço (IIRP) e a escala visual analógica (EVA) no período pré-operatório, um ano pós-operatório e um mínimo de 10 anos de acompanhamento. Os parâmetros radiográficos incluíram a mobilidade cervical, lordose segmentar, ângulo C2-C7, ossificação heterotópica (OH), degeneração facetária e articular (DFA) e doença do segmento adjacente (DSA).

Resultados Identificados 22 pacientes, 16 mulheres e 6 homens com média de idade de 39,7 anos (26–51 anos), dos quais 15 tiveram um acompanhamento mínimo de 10 anos. Foi verificada melhoria estatisticamente significativa do IIRP e EVA (p < 0,001) entre pré-operatório e pós-operatório. (1 ano ou > 10 anos). Ao final de 10 anos, OH foi observada em 59% dos casos. A mobilidade do implante foi preservada em 80% dos pacientes. Houve evidência radiológica de DSA em 6 pacientes (40%). Não houve correlação entre os parâmetros clínicos avaliados e a presença de DSA ou as diferentes classes de OH.

Conclusão Melhoria clínica em todos os parâmetros avaliados, que persiste ao longo do tempo. A maioria dos implantes manteve a mobilidade, como já demonstrado em estudos anteriores com acompanhamentos mais curtos. Numa percentagem significativa, a DSA estava presente, questionando o conceito da tecnologia de preservação de movimento. No entanto, sem nenhuma intervenção cirúrgica por esse motivo, uma vez que não houve correlação com piores resultados clínicos.
Use of Augmented Reality in Reconstructive Microsurgery: A Systematic Review and Development of the Augmented Reality Microsurgery Score
Authors: Al Omran Yasser , Abdall-Razak Ali , Sohrabi Catrin , Borg Tiffanie-Marie , Nadama Hayat , Ghassemi Nader , Oo Khine , Ghanem Ali M.
Published: December 2019

Background Augmented reality (AR) uses a set of technologies that overlays digital information into the real world, giving the user access to both digital and real-world environments in congruity. AR may be specifically fruitful in reconstructive microsurgery due to the dynamic nature of surgeries performed and the small structures encountered in these operations. The aim of this study was to conduct a high-quality preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and assessment of multiple systematic reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) compliant systematic review evaluating the use of AR in reconstructive microsurgery.

Methods A systematic literature search of Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was performed using appropriate search terms to identify all applications of AR in reconstructive microsurgery from inception to December 2018. Articles that did not meet the objectives of the study were excluded. A qualitative synthesis was performed of those articles that met the inclusion criteria.

Results A total of 686 articles were identified from title and abstract review. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Three of the studies used head-mounted displays, one study used a display monitor, and one study demonstrated AR using spatial navigation technology. The augmented reality microsurgery score was developed and applied to each of the AR technologies and scores ranged from 8 to 12.

Conclusion Although higher quality studies reviewing the use of AR in reconstructive microsurgery is needed, the feasibility of AR in reconstructive microsurgery has been demonstrated across different subspecialties of plastic surgery. AR applications, that are reproducible, user-friendly, and have clear benefit to the surgeon and patient, have the greatest potential utility. Further research is required to validate its use and overcome the barriers to its implementation.
Fusing binary interface defects in topological phases: The Z/pZ case
Authors: Bridgeman Jacob C. , Barter Daniel , Jones Corey
Published: December 2019

A binary interface defect is any interface between two (not necessarily invertible) domain walls. We compute all possible binary interface defects in Kitaev’s Z/pZ model and all possible fusions between them. Our methods can be applied to any Levin-Wen model. We also give physical interpretations for each of the defects in the Z/pZ model. These physical interpretations provide a new graphical calculus, which can be used to compute defect fusion.
Random stochastic matrices from classical compact Lie groups and symmetric spaces
Authors: Oliveira Lucas H. , Novaes Marcel
Published: December 2019

We consider random stochastic matrices M with elements given by Mij = |Uij|2, with U being uniformly distributed on one of the classical compact Lie groups or some of the associated symmetric spaces. We observe numerically that, for large dimensions, the spectral statistics of M, discarding the Perron-Frobenius eigenvalue 1, are similar to those of the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble for symmetric matrices and to those of the real Ginibre ensemble for nonsymmetric matrices. We compute some spectral statistics using Weingarten functions and establish connections with some difficult enumerative problems involving permutations.
The German Aerospace Center M-42 radiation detector—A new development for applications in mixed radiation fields
Authors: Berger T. , Marsalek K. , Aeckerlein J. , Hauslage J. , Matthiä D. , Przybyla B. , Rohde M. , Wirtz M.
Published: December 2019

In the last few years, the Biophysics Working Group of the Institute of Aerospace Medicine of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) started the development of a small low power consumption radiation detector system for the measurement of the absorbed dose to be applied in various environments, such as onboard aircraft, in space, and also as a demonstration tool for students. These so called DLR M-42 detectors are based on an electronics design, which can easily be adjusted to the user- and mission-requirements. M-42 systems were already applied for measurements in airplanes, during two MAPHEUS (Materialphysikalische Experimente unter Schwerelosigkeit) rocket missions, and are currently prepared for long term balloon experiments. In addition, they will be part of the dosimetry suite of the upcoming Matroshka AstroRad Radiation Experiment on the NASA Artemis I mission. This paper gives an overview of the design and the testing of the DLR M-42 systems and provides highlighted results from the MAPHEUS campaigns where the detectors were tested for the first time under space flight conditions. Results clearly show that the system design enables independent measurements starting upon rocket launch due to the built-in accelerometer sensors and provides data for the relevant 6 min of μ-gravity as given for the MAPHEUS missions. These 6 min of the μ-gravity environment at altitudes between 100 and 240 km lead to a total absorbed dose of 1.21 ± 0.15 µGy being equivalent to half a day of radiation background measured with the M-42 in the laboratory at DLR, Cologne, Germany.
Correction of the VIR-visible data set from the Dawn mission
Authors: Rousseau B. , Raponi A. , Ciarniello M. , Ammannito E. , Carrozzo F. G. , De Sanctis M. C. , Fonte S. , Frigeri A. , Tosi F.
Published: December 2019

Data acquired at Ceres by the visible channel of the Visible and InfraRed mapping spectrometer (VIR) on board the NASA Dawn spacecraft are affected by the temperatures of both the visible (VIS) and the infrared (IR) sensors, which are, respectively, a charged coupled device and a HgCdTe array. The variations of the visible channel temperatures measured during the sessions of acquisitions are correlated with the variations in the spectral slope and shape for all the mission phases. The IR channel temperature is more stable during the acquisitions; nonetheless, it is characterized by a bimodal distribution whether the cryocooler (and, therefore, the IR channel) is used or not during the visible channel operations. When the infrared channel temperature is high (175 K, i.e., not in use and with the cryocooler off), an additional negative slope and a distortion are observed in the spectra of the visible channel. We developed an empirical correction based on a reference spectrum for the whole dataset; it is designed to correct the two issues related to the sensor temperatures that we have identified. The reference spectrum is calculated to be representative of the global Ceres’ surface. It is also made of the data acquired when the visible and infrared channel temperatures are equal to the ones measured during an observation of the Arcturus star by VIR, which is consistent with several ground-based observations. The developed correction allows reliable analysis and mapping to be performed by minimizing the artifacts induced by fluctuations of the VIS temperature. Thanks to this correction, a direct comparison between different mission phases during which the VIR experienced different visible and infrared channel temperatures is now possible.
Multicolor femtosecond pump-probe system with single-electron sensitivity at low temperatures and high magnetic fields
Authors: Traum C. , Henzler P. , Lohner S. , Becker H. , Nabben D. , Gumbsheimer P. , Hinz C. , Lippmann J. F. , Mahapatra S. , Brunner K. , Seletskiy D. V. , Leitenstorfer A.
Published: December 2019

We present an ultrafast spectroscopy system designed for temporal and spectral resolution of transient transmission changes after excitation of single electrons in solid-state quantum structures. The system is designed for optimum long-term stability, offering the option of hands-off operation over several days. Pump and probe pulses are generated in a versatile Er:fiber laser system where visible photon energies may be tuned independently from 1.90 eV to 2.51 eV in three parallel branches. Bandwidth-limited pulse durations between 100 fs and 10 ps are available. The solid-state quantum systems under investigation are mounted in a closed-cycle superconducting magnet cryostat providing temperatures down to 1.6 K and magnetic fields of up to 9 T. The free-standing cryomagnet is coupled to the laser system by means of a high-bandwidth active beam steering unit to eliminate residual low-frequency mechanical vibrations of the pulse tube coolers. High-NA objective lenses inside the sample chamber are employed for focusing femtosecond laser pulses onto the sample and recollection of the transmission signal. The transmitted probe light is dispersed in a grating monochromator equipped with a liquid nitrogen-cooled CCD camera, enabling a frame rate of 559 Hz. In order to eliminate spurious background effects due to low-frequency changes in the thermal equilibrium of the sample, we operate with a lock-in scheme where, instead of the pump amplitude, the pump-probe timing is modulated. This feature is provided without any mechanical action by an electro-optic timing unit inside the femtosecond Er:fiber system. The performance of the instrument is tested with spectrally resolved pump-probe measurements on a single negatively charged CdSe/ZnSe quantum dot under a magnetic field of 9 T. Selective initialization and readout of charge and spin states is carried out via two different femtosecond laser pulses. High-quality results on subpicosecond intraband relaxation dynamics after single-electron excitation motivate a broad variety of future experiments in ultrafast quantum optics and few-fermion quantum dynamics.
Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in a shallow-water flow with a finite width
Authors: Le Thi Thai
Published: December 2019

We examine an effect of side walls on the linear stability of an interface of tangential-velocity discontinuity in shallow-water flow. The flow is pure horizontal in the plane xy, and the fluid is bounded in a finite width 2d in the y− direction. In region 0 < y < d, the fluid is moving with uniform velocity U but is at rest for −d < y < 0. Without side walls, the flow is unstable for a velocity difference U<8c, with c being the velocity of gravity waves. In this work, we show that if the velocity difference U is smaller than 2c, the interface is always destabilized, also known as the flow is unstable. The unstable region of an infinite width model is shrunken by the effects of side walls in the case of narrow width, while there is no range for the Froude number for stabilization in the case of large width. These results play an important role in predicting the wave propagations and have a wide application in the fields of industry. As a result of the interaction of waves and the mean flow boundary, the flow is unstable, which is caused by a decrease in the kinetic energy of disturbance.
A split-ring resonator probe for assessing subsurface wood defects
Authors: Xie Yi , Yang Xiaoqing , Xiao Hui , Wang Yuling
Published: December 2019

The Microwave Nondestructive Testing (MNDT) method has been increasingly used for inspecting wood characteristics. In this work, a MNDT method is established for effective and accurate detection and analysis of wood subsurface structural defects. A microwave near-field probe loaded with a split-ring resonator is proposed to bring in strong electric field, which is directly attached to the trailing end of the coupled microstrip line. High-resolution, light weight, low-cost, and compactness are some of the advantages of the sensor. The designed sensor is used for detecting subsurface structural defects under the thin paint layer of wood. Here, S21 values are used to analyze the characteristics of wood. Different width and depth defects of wood samples with different moisture content levels were measured. The experimental results show that the maximum relative error between the actual widths and measured widths is less than 10%. The spatial resolution is approximately 0.42λ0 at a resonant frequency of 9 GHz. The results demonstrate that the designed probe can accurately trace defects in wood with different moisture content levels without striping the upper coating of the paint.
Preliminary result of cavity ring-down spectroscopy system for radio frequency negative ion source test facility
Authors: Liang Lizhen , Hu Chundong , Yan Jingyang , Zhao Yuanzhe , Xie Yahong
Published: December 2019

Negative ion source is a core part of the neutral beam injection system for magnetic confinement fusion devices. The density of produced hydrogen negative ions is a critical parameter of the negative ion source. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) is an ultrasensitive absorption diagnostic technique for density measurement. Based on the photodetachment process, CRDS can measure the integrated line-of-sight hydrogen negative ion density in a high power ion source. The CRDS diagnostic system has been applied to Hefei utility negative ion test equipment with the radio frequency (RF) source, which is now one of the references for the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor neutral beam injection system. Typical ring-down signals are obtained to calculate the density of hydrogen negative ions. The time evolution of hydrogen negative ion density is successfully measured. Preliminary experiments show the accurate relationship between RF power and measured hydrogen negative ion density.
Quantum simulations of excited states with active-space downfolded Hamiltonians
Authors: Bauman Nicholas P. , Low Guang Hao , Kowalski Karol
Published: December 2019

Many-body techniques based on the double unitary coupled cluster (DUCC) ansatz can be used to downfold electronic Hamiltonians into low-dimensional active spaces. It can be shown that the resulting dimensionality reduced Hamiltonians are amenable for quantum computing. Recent studies performed for several benchmark systems using phase estimation (PE) algorithms for quantum computers demonstrated that these formulations can recover a significant portion of ground-state dynamical correlation effects that stem from the electron excitations outside of the active space. These results have also been confirmed in studies of ground-state potential energy surfaces using quantum simulators. In this letter, we study the effectiveness of the DUCC formalism in describing excited states. We also emphasize the role of the PE formalism and its stochastic nature in discovering/identifying excited states or excited-state processes in situations when the knowledge about the true configurational structure of a sought after excited state is limited or postulated (due to the specific physics driving excited-state processes of interest). In this context, we can view PE algorithms as an engine for verifying various hypotheses for excited-state processes and providing statistically meaningful results that correspond to the electronic state(s) with the largest overlap with a postulated configurational structure. We illustrate these ideas on examples of strongly correlated molecular systems, characterized by small energy gaps and high density of quasidegenerate states around the Fermi level.
Water-gas shift activity on Pt-Re surfaces and the role of the support
Authors: Brandt Amy J. , Maddumapatabandi Thathsara D. , Shakya Deependra M. , Xie Kangmin , Seuser Grant S. , Farzandh Sharfa , Chen Donna A.
Published: December 2019

The activity of Pt-Re surfaces was studied for the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction in order to understand how Pt-Re interactions and cluster-support interactions influence activity. The results from these studies were also compared with previous reports of WGS activity on Pt-Re clusters grown on TiO2. Platinum on Re surfaces were prepared by annealing Re films on Pt(111) to form Pt-Re surface alloys, depositing Pt on Re/Pt(111), and depositing Pt on Re clusters supported on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces. In all cases, the turnover frequency (TOF) for the WGS reaction was higher for Pt with subsurface Re compared to pure Pt. Furthermore, the TOF for 2 ML Pt/TiO2 clusters was greater than that of Pt(111) and 2 ML Pt/HOPG clusters, indicating that the TiO2 support enhances activity for the WGS reaction on Pt. For Pt/TiO2 clusters, a plot of the fraction of perimeter/surface sites as a function of Pt coverage closely follows TOF vs Pt coverage, strongly suggesting that activity occurs at the Pt-TiO2 interface. Notably, the fraction of undercoordinated sites as a function of Pt coverage does not follow the same behavior as the TOFs.
Self-organized spatially separated silver 3D dendrites as efficient plasmonic nanostructures for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy applications
Authors: Yakimchuk Dzmitry V. , Kaniukov Egor Yu , Lepeshov Sergey , Bundyukova Victoria D. , Demyanov Sergey E. , Arzumanyanm Grigory M. , Doroshkevich Nelya V. , Mamatkulov Kahramon Z. , Bochmann Arne , Presselt Martin , Stranik Ondrej , Khubezhov Soslan A. , Krasnok Aleksander E. , Alù Andrea , Sivakov Vladimir A.
Published: December 2019

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a promising optical method for analyzing molecular samples of various nature. Most SERS studies are of an applied nature, indicating a serious potential for their application in analytical practice. Dendritelike nanostructures have great potential for SERS, but the lack of a method for their predictable production significantly limits their implementation. In this paper, a method for controllably obtaining spatially separated, self-organized, and highly-branched silver dendrites via template synthesis in pores of SiO2/Si is proposed. The dendritic branches have nanoscale roughness, creating many plasmon-active “hotspots” required for SERS. The first held 3D modeling of the external electromagnetic wave interaction with such a dendrite, as well as experimental data, confirms this theory. Using the example of a reference biological analyte, which is usually used as a label for other biological molecules, the dendrites’ SERS-sensitivity up to 10−15M was demonstrated with an enhancement factor of 108. The comparison of simulation results with SERS experiments allows distinguishing the presence of electromagnetic and chemical contributions, which have a different effect at various analyte concentrations.
Oxygen activation on the interface between Pt nanoparticles and mesoporous defective TiO2 during CO oxidation
Authors: Oh Sunyoung , Ha Hyunwoo , Choi Hanseul , Jo Changbum , Cho Jangkeun , Choi Hyuk , Ryoo Ryong , Kim Hyun You , Park Jeong Young
Published: December 2019

Platinum-based heterogeneous catalysts are mostly used in various commercial chemical processes because of their high catalytic activity, influenced by the metal/oxide interaction. To design rational catalysts with high performance, it is crucial to understand the relationship between the metal–oxide interface and the reaction pathway. Here, we investigate the role of oxygen defect sites in the reaction mechanism for CO oxidation using Pt nanoparticles supported on mesoporous TiO2 catalysts with oxygen defects. We show an intrinsic correlation between the catalytic reactivity and the local properties of titania with oxygen defects (i.e., Ti3+ sites). In situ infrared spectroscopy observations of the Pt/mesoporous TiO2−x catalyst indicate that an oxygen molecule bond can be activated at the perimeter between the Pt and an oxygen vacancy in TiO2 by neighboring CO molecules on the Pt surface before CO oxidation begins. The proposed reaction pathways for O2 activation at the Pt/TiO2−x interface based on density functional theory confirm our experimental findings. We suggest that this provides valuable insight into the intrinsic origin of the metal/support interaction influenced by the presence of oxygen vacancies, which clarifies the pivotal role played by the support.
Laboratory X-ray emission experiments can help explain astrophysical jet formation phenomena
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: December 2019

Researchers simulated the X-rays formed by plasma jets in young stellar objects using radial foil z-pinch experiments.
Homogenization of Kirchhoff plates with oscillating edges and point supports
Authors: Nazarov S. A.
Published: December 2019

We study deformations of a long (narrow after rescaling) Kirchhoff plate with periodic (rapidly oscillating) boundary. We deduce a limiting system of two ordinary differential equations of orders 4 and 2 which describe the deflection and torsion of a two-dimensional plate in the leading order. We also consider point supports (Sobolev conditions) whose configuration influences the result of homogenizing the biharmonic equation by decreasing the size of the limiting system of differential equations or completely eliminating it. The boundary-layer phenomenon near the end faces of the plate is studied for various ways of fastening as well as for angular junctions of two long plates, possibly by point clamps (Sobolev conjugation conditions). We discuss full asymptotic series for solutions of static problems and the spectral problems of plate oscillations.
Photoreversible interconversion of a phytochrome photosensory module in the crystalline state
Authors: Burgie E. Sethe , Clinger Jonathan A. , Miller Mitchell D. , Brewster Aaron S. , Aller Pierre , Butryn Agata , Fuller Franklin D. , Gul Sheraz , Young Iris D. , Pham Cindy C. , Kim In-Sik , Bhowmick Asmit , O’Riordan Lee J. , Sutherlin Kyle D. , Heinemann Joshua V. , Batyuk Alexander , Alonso-Mori Roberto , Hunter Mark S. , Koglin Jason E. , Yano Junko , Yachandra Vittal K. , Sauter Nicholas K. , Cohen Aina E. , Kern Jan , Orville Allen M. , Phillips George N. , Vierstra Richard D.
Published: December 2019

A major barrier to defining the structural intermediates that arise during the reversible photointerconversion of phytochromes between their biologically inactive and active states has been the lack of crystals that faithfully undergo this transition within the crystal lattice. Here, we describe a crystalline form of the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterases/adenylyl cyclase/FhlA (GAF) domain from the cyanobacteriochrome PixJ in
Thermosynechococcus elongatus
assembled with phycocyanobilin that permits reversible photoconversion between the blue light-absorbing Pb and green light-absorbing Pg states, as well as thermal reversion of Pg back to Pb. The X-ray crystallographic structure of Pb matches previous models, including autocatalytic conversion of phycocyanobilin to phycoviolobilin upon binding and its tandem thioether linkage to the GAF domain. Cryocrystallography at 150 K, which compared diffraction data from a single crystal as Pb or after irradiation with blue light, detected photoconversion product(s) based on F
obs
− F
obs
difference maps that were consistent with rotation of the bonds connecting pyrrole rings C and D. Further spectroscopic analyses showed that phycoviolobilin is susceptible to X-ray radiation damage, especially as Pg, during single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, which could complicate fine mapping of the various intermediate states. Fortunately, we found that PixJ crystals are amenable to serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) analyses using X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). As proof of principle, we solved by room temperature SFX the GAF domain structure of Pb to 1.55-Å resolution, which was strongly congruent with synchrotron-based models. Analysis of these crystals by SFX should now enable structural characterization of the early events that drive phytochrome photoconversion.
Ultraviolet A light induces DNA damage and estrogen-DNA adducts in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy causing females to be more affected
Authors: Liu Cailing , Miyajima Taiga , Melangath Geetha , Miyai Takashi , Vasanth Shivakumar , Deshpande Neha , Kumar Varun , Ong Tone Stephan , Gupta Reena , Zhu Shan , Vojnovic Dijana , Chen Yuming , Rogan Eleanor G. , Mondal Bodhiswatta , Zahid Muhammad , Jurkunas Ula V.
Published: December 2019

Significance

FECD is a genetic and female-predominant disorder which is the leading cause of corneal transplantation worldwide. There are no pharmacologic treatments for FECD; thus, there is a significant unmet need to improve the understanding of female prevalence in FECD pathogenesis. Herein, we reveal a physiologically relevant mechanism of UVA light causing DNA damage and inducing FECD, where greater DNA damage correlates with more severe FECD phenotype in females. Importantly, the sex-dependent effect of UVA is driven by the activation of CYP1B1, an enzyme which converts estrogen into metabolites that cause DNA damage. This study demonstrates an in vivo FECD model based on CE susceptibility to oxidative stress; furthermore, an antioxidant, NAC, restores UVA-induced changes, providing a potential therapeutic target.
The role of Ulama (Islamic religious leaders) in countering anti-vaccination rhetoric in Indonesia
Authors: Arief N. Nurlaela , Karlinah Siti
Published: December 2019

Indonesia has been facing a serious threat from fake news and hate speech which is wildly disseminated through
social media. As the largest Muslim-majority country in the world, health issues and their link to religion are one of the most
discussed topics on social media in this country. The aim of this study is to introduce a strategy to counterbalance fake news on
vaccine issues. This research employed a mixed-method approach that used content of analysis data obtained from social media
monitoring. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants from various sectors related to vaccine
issues. Monitoring of six female Facebook users in anti-vaccine groups revealed that the top five topics discussed in Indonesia
were halal certification, conspiracy, adverse effects, adjuvants, and vaccine substitution. This research
recommends a communication strategy to counterbalance fake news on the vaccine, employing both medical professionals and trusted,
influential members of the religious community to educate the public. They should have a strong background in medical issues and
understand Islamic perspectives. The involvement of Ulama (Islamic religious leaders) is important and needed to
explain that vaccines do not violate religious law.
Two types of aa3-nominals in Cantonese
Authors: Sio Joanna Ut-Seong , Tang Sze-Wing
Published: December 2019

This paper provides an overview of the grammatical properties of the Cantonese aa3, a nominal
element that only attaches itself to [+human] nouns. We provide evidence to show that there are in fact two types of
aa3-nominals. Their syntactic and semantic properties correlate with the number of syllables they consist of.
There is a two-way split between disyllabic aa3-nominals and multisyllabic aa3-nominals.
Aa3 in disyllabic aa3-nominals should be treated as a prosodic template filler while
aa3 in multisyllabic aa3-nominals occupies a syntactic position in the referential layer of
the Chinese nominal.
An interaction between the III-IV linker and CTD in NaV1.5 confers regulation of inactivation by CaM and FHF
Authors: Gade Aravind R. , Marx Steven O. , Pitt Geoffrey S.
Published: December 2019

Voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC) activation drives the action potential upstroke in cardiac myocytes, skeletal muscles, and neurons. After opening, VGSCs rapidly enter a non-conducting, inactivated state. Impaired inactivation causes persistent inward current and underlies cardiac arrhythmias. VGSC auxiliary proteins calmodulin (CaM) and fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs) bind to the channel’s C-terminal domain (CTD) and limit pathogenic persistent currents. The structural details and mechanisms mediating these effects are not clear. Building on recently published cryo-EM structures, we show that CaM and FHF limit persistent currents in the cardiac NaV1.5 VGSC by stabilizing an interaction between the channel’s CTD and III-IV linker region. Perturbation of this intramolecular interaction increases persistent current and shifts the voltage dependence of steady-state inactivation. Interestingly, the NaV1.5 residues involved in the interaction are sites mutated in the arrhythmogenic long QT3 syndrome (LQT3). Along with electrophysiological investigations of this interaction, we present structural models that suggest how CaM and FHF stabilize the interaction and thereby limit the persistent current. The critical residues at the interaction site are conserved among VGSC isoforms, and subtle substitutions provide an explanation for differences in inactivation among the isoforms.
Optical Activity Effect on Planar Chiral Metamaterials
Authors: Partini Juliasih , Widiatmono Restu
Published: December 2019

Metamaterial is an artificial material which has a negative refractive index. Both of permitivitty and permeability have a negative value to possess negative refraction. The breakthrough of metamaterial development was present as the invention of planar chiral metamaterials. This research was focussed on the development of a new design of planar chiral metamaterial with different depth. The developed metamaterial design was analyzed by chirality analysis in relation to the optical activity characteristics.

The planar chiral metamaterial development was following a design, a structure examination, and a fabrication process using a focused ion beam system. Chirality characterization were measured using a femtosecond Ti:Sapphire pumped terahertz emission spectroscopy system. THz signal was occurred due to the optical rectification process as a result of an intense femtosecond laser pulses radiation on planar chiral metamaterial sample. The samples were capable to generate a THz emission over a frequency range of 0 − 2.24 THz, while the THz signal was measured as ∼5 ps. The effect of optical activity was able to rotate the polarization plane on a frequency range of 0 – 1.4 THz for both of the clockwise and the counter-clockwise samples. The maximum polarization plane rotation were +13° and −18° at a frequency 1.35 THz. It can be concluded that the new design planar chiral metamaterial with different depth has been successfully obtained with its elliptic polarized THz emission characteristic.
Student’s Problem Solving Skills in Collaborative Inquiry Learning Supplemented by Formative E-Assessment : Case of Static Fluids
Authors: Siringo Ringo Ernila , Kusairi Sentot , Latifah Eny , Tumanggor Awal M R
Published: December 2019

This research aims to analyze the development of the static fluid problem-solving skills of high school students in collaborative inquiry supplemented by formative e-assessment. This research used a mixed-method approach with the research design of an embedded experimental design model involving 34 students of class XI MIPA in SMA Negeri 4 Malang. The Data on the problem-solving skills were obtained through pretest and posttest using three problem-solving questions in the form of descriptions and supplemented by interviews. The calculation results of N-gain score showed the improvement of student’s problem solving skills for a moderate category and the calculation result of Cohen’s d-effect size in for strong effect category, as many as 79% of the students are categorized as experts. The expert students have good skills in the useful description indicator followed sequentially on the indicator of physics approach, specific application of physics, mathematical procedures, and logical proggression. Meanwhile, the novice students are only capable on the indicator of useful description and physics approach. Students’ skill to solve problems still need to be trained intensively using contectual problems in daily life.
Developing Physics Comic Media a Local Wisdom: Sulamanda (Engklek) Traditional Game Chapter of Impulse and Momentum
Authors: Permata Sari Fita , Nikmah Syafridatun , Kuswanto Heru , Wardani Ratna
Published: December 2019

Comics have output values and great influence on the entertainment market in accordance with the times. Comics can also be used in the field of education and are not only used as an entertainment media. This research aims to produce the local wisdom physics comics media: sulamanda or engklek traditional game impulse and momentum chapter and to know the feasibility of the product. Research and Development (R & D) research uses the Borg & Gall model. The research began with preliminary research, research design, developing initial products, limited trials, limited revised trials, initial field trials, revisions to the initial field trials. The research instruments used included product assessment sheets, student response questionnaires, and test questions. The results of the study show that the local wisdom physics comics media: sulamanda or engklek traditional game is assisted by an android impulse and momentum chapter containing impulse and momentum material, learning videos, examples and problem exercises and can be operated using a smartphone or computer. Products included in the feasible category are used in the learning process of physics for students based on good categories from the expert judegement and this media is can be implemented in the learning process inside and outside the classroom.
Students’ Chemical Literacy on Context-Based Learning: A Case of Equilibrium Topic
Authors: Anggrah Eny Hestu , Wiyarsi Antuni
Published: December 2019

This study was aimed to analyze the students’ chemical literacy on context based chemical equilibrium learning. This research used quantitative approach with survey method. A total 92 students of 11th grade from two public high schools in Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The data were collected using open-ended questions namely Chemical Equilibrium Literacy Test (CELT) to analyze the students’ chemical literacy ability in the topics of coral reef, hypoxia, teeth enamel, and ammonia production. CELT used 3 indicators of Higher-Order Learning Skills (HOLS) on chemical literacy, namely identifying the information, connecting the information and analyzing information. Data from CELT was analyzed using ideal rating category. The result of this study showed that only one third of the sample that has a good chemical literacy ability on the context-based chemical equilibrium learning. This study suggests that the context-based learning process should be always applied to school in order to improve the students’ chemical literacy ability better.
Students’ chemical literacy: A study in chemical bonding
Authors: Lusyana Yustin Dessy , Wiyarsi Antuni
Published: December 2019

Scientific literacy is the ability to understand science, communicate science, and apply science skills to solve a problem. Scientific literacy skills, especially chemical literacy are things that must be possessed by students in the 21st century. This study aims to analysis students’ chemical literacy abilities in chemical bonding material. The research use quantitative approach by survey method. A total of 199 first year students from four Public High Schools were randomly selected in the school category, they have very good accreditation in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected by test techniques with Chemical Bonding Literacy Test (CBLT). The instrument consist of chemical literacy ability open-ended questions with three aspects namely the context, chemical knowledge content, and Higher-Order Learning Skills (HOLS) in the form of 21 questions about chemical bond material. The analysis of students’ chemical literacy ability is done by categorizing the scores obtained from the test into the ideal ranking category. The results of this study indicate that students’ chemical literacy ability are still very low as evidenced by the results of the analysis students entered into the bad category. This study suggest that students need to be extra in develop their chemical literacy skills, especially in the aspects of connecting and analyzing scientific information.
Screening of antimicrobial-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional fish fermentation against pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Amarantini C , Satwika D , Budiarso T Y , Yunita E R , Laheba E A
Published: December 2019

This study aims to obtain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which have probiotic properties and inhibitory effects against pathogens. Peda fish fermented in 20% salt solution used as samples. Antimicrobial properties of LAB isolates against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens (Salmonella typhi BPE 127.1.MC, Salmonella typhi BPE 122.4.CCA, Salmonella typhi NCTC 786, Salmonella typhimurium FNCC 0050, Pseudomonas putida FNCC 0071, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) were tested using agar well diffusion method. To exclude acid production, the cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) solution was neutralized using 1 N NaOH before antimicrobial activity was tested. Likewise with bacteriocin tests, CFCS solutions that have been neutralized, were treated first by heating at 100ºC for 10 minutes in order to enzyme inactivation. A total of 26 out of 50 LAB isolates showed clear zones in the MRS-CaCO3 agar medium, gram positive, and negative catalase as the main characteristics of LAB. Sixteen of the 26 LAB isolates were known to be tolerant to pH 2 and 1% of bile salts. In addition, 92.3% of LAB isolates (15 of 16 LAB isolates) were homofermentative. The antimicrobial test results found that two of 26 LAB isolates (i.e. LAB Pr.3.4L and Pi.5.8 isolates) were shown to have very strong inhibitory effects against gram-positive pathogens S. aureus ATCC 25923 compared to S. typhi BPE 122.4.CCA. Thus the two strains of LAB are indicated as bacteriocin-producing probiotic strains, and need to be pursued further for identification and optimization of production.
Isolation And Characterization Of Fermenting Yeast From Traditional Ethanol Production
Authors: Satwika Dhira , Djojoatmodjo Suhardi , Finnegan Gustin , Puttajaya Dhira , Ivana Jovita
Published: December 2019

Ethanol fermentation still plays a significant role in the industry, as it has a huge economical value. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most often culture being used for this fermentation because its superiority in producing ethanol. However, this yeast also showed its limitation because of the toxic effects of ethanol to the cells. This research was done to isolate new fermenting yeasts from traditional fermentation process in Solo, Central Java, with the hope to obtained more potential strains. A series of isolation and purification steps were done and two potential yeasts isolates obtained. They are identified as Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Zygosaccharomyces parabailii, respectively. At least one isolates showed comparable ethanol fermentation capacity compared to S. cerevisiae and deserve further research.