bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Report of a Novel Bilateral Variation of Sciatic and Inferior Gluteal Nerve
Authors:   Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran., Golmohammadi Rahim , Delbari Ali ,   Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
Published: April 2021

The sciatic nerve is thickest nerve of sacral plexus which innervates many muscles and vast areas of skin of lower limb. It leaves pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, emerge into gluteal region by passing under piriformis muscle, and descends beneath the gluteus maximus to divide into its terminal branches; tibial and common peroneal nerve at the superior angle of popliteal fossa. In some cases, sciatic nerve divides into tibial and common peroneal nerve in a higher level and one of them or both pass through or over the piriformis muscle. As in conditions like intramuscular injections, gluteal surgeries and piriformis syndrome such variations may increase risk of injury, it is important for medical team to be aware of them. In this paper, by reporting many variations in a cadaver, we emphasize the importance of anatomical variations especially for surgeons and nurses.
High Dose Vitamin D Supplementation Is Associated to An Improvement in Cognitive Abilitiy, Insomnia and Day-Time Sleepiness Among Adolescent Girls
Authors:   Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Bijand, Iran., Bahrami Afsane , Rezaeitalab Fariborz ,   Department of neurology, Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical science, Mashhad, Iran., Farahmand Seyed Kazem ,   School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad university of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Mazloum Khorasani Zahra ,   Endocrine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Arabi Seyed Mostafa ,   Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Bahrami-Taghanaki Hamidreza ,   Chinese and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Ferns Gordon A. ,   Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK., Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid ,   Metabolic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Published: April 2021

Objective: Vitamin D may be associated to the modulation of signaling cascade in the central nervous system. We aimed to evaluate the effect of high dose vitamin D supplementation on neuropsychological function in female adolescents. Methods: We evaluated the effects of 9 weeks of vitamin D supplementation [50000 IU of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)/weekly] on cognitive ability and sleep disorders among 940 adolescent girls. Results: Oral vitamin D supplementation upgraded cognitive abilities tasks including memory, inhibitory control and selective attention, decision making, planning, sustained attention and cognitive flexibility in healthy adolescent girls (p<0.001). The prevalence of subjects with insomnia after intervention fell from 15.0% to 11.3%. Similar results were also found for prevalence of subjects with sleepiness (15.6% decreased to 14.7%), or having cases with both insomnia and sleepiness (8.0% decreased to 6.1%; P<0.05). Conclusion: High dose vitamin D can improve cognitive abilities and ameliorated insomnia and daytime sleepiness among adolescent girls. Further investigations are needed on a various population group (age and gender) and to establish the sustainability of these effects. The significance of vitamin D therapy in other neurological diseases would also be of interest.
Mental Arithmetic Task Recognition Using Effective Connectivity and Hierarchical Feature Selection From EEG Signals
Authors:   Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Maghsoudi Arash , Shalbaf Ahmad ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Mental arithmetic analysis based on Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can help understand disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity, dyscalculia, or autism spectrum disorder where the difficulty in learning or understanding the arithmetic exists. Most mental arithmetic recognition systems rely on features of a single channel of EEG; however, the relationships between EEG channels in the form of effective brain connectivity analysis can contain valuable information. This study aims to find distinctive, effective brain connectivity features and create a hierarchical feature selection for effectively classifying mental arithmetic and baseline tasks. Methods: We estimated effective connectivity using Directed Transfer Function (DTF), direct DTF (dDTF) and Generalized Partial Directed Coherence (GPDC) methods. These measures determine the causal relationship between different brain areas. A hierarchical feature subset selection method selects the most significant effective connectivity features. Initially, Kruskal–Wallis test was performed. Consequently, five feature selection algorithms, namely, Support Vector Machine (SVM) method based on Recursive Feature Elimination, Fisher score, mutual information, minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (RMR), and concave minimization and SVM are used to select the best discriminative features. Finally, the SVM method was used for classification. Results: The obtained results indicated that the best EEG classification performance in 29 participants and 60 trials is obtained using GPDC and feature selection via concave minimization method in Beta2 (15-22Hz) frequency band with 89% accuracy. Conclusion: This new hierarchical automated system could be helpful in the discrimination of mental arithmetic and baseline tasks from EEG signals effectively.
Analgesic Effect of Bumetanide on Neuropathic Pain in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors:   Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Nasirinezhad Farinaz , Zarepour Leila ,   Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Hadjighassem Mahmoudreza ,   Brain and Spinal cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Gharaylou Zeinab ,   Brain and Spinal cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Majedi Hossin ,   Brain and Spinal cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ramezani Fatemeh ,   Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The current study evaluated the analgesic effects of bumetanide as an adjunctive treatment in the management of neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury. The peripheral expression of Na-K-Cl-cotransporter-1 1 and K-Cl-cotransporter-2 (KCC2)2 genes in polymorphonuclear lymphocytes (PMLs) assessed as a possible biomarker indicating central mechanisms underlying the observed response. Methods: Through an open-label, single arm, pilot trial of bumetanide (2mg/day), as add-on treatment conducted in 14 SCI patients for 19 weeks. This study consisted of 3 phases: pre-treatment (1month), titration (3 weeks), and active treatment (4 months). Ultimately, 9 patients completed the study. The primary outcome variables were the endpoint pain score using the numeric rating scale (NRS), and also the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Secondary endpoints included the Short-Form Health Survey that assesses the quality of life. Blood samples were collected and used for determining the expression of NKCC1 and KCC2 genes in transcription and translation levels. Results: Bumetanide treatment significantly decreased average pain intensity according to the NRS and the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire scores. Baseline expression of KCC2 protein was low between groups and increased significantly following treatment (P<0.05). In the current study, pain improvement accompanied by the greater mean change from the baseline (improvement) for the overall quality of life. Conclusions: These data highlighted the analgesic effect of bumetanide on neuropathic pain and indicated the probable role of upregulation of KCC2 protein and involvement of GABAergic disinhibition in producing neuropathic pain.
Pain-Induced Impact on Movement: Motor Coordination Variability and Accuracy-Based Skill
Authors:   Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Science in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Arieh Hasan , Abdoli Behrouz ,   Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Science in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Farsi Alireza ,   Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Science in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Haghparast Abbas ,   Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: April 2021

Studies on pain are generally conducted for two purposes: first, to study patients with pain who have physical changes due to nerve and muscle lesions, and second, to regain the appropriate kinematic post-pain pattern. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of pain on the coordination variability pattern and throw accuracy. Participants included 30 people with a mean age of 18-25 years who volunteered to participate in the study. Individuals were randomly divided into three groups of local pain, remote pain, and control group. Without pain, participants practiced and acquired skills in 10 blocks of 15 trials. In the retention and transition phase, which were associated with pain, in their respective groups, included 1 hour, 24- hour, and 1- week acquisition; they were re-tested twice in a 15-block trial, which was once with and without pain. The results revealed that pain did not affect the throwing accuracy (p = 0.469). Besides, in the phase of decreasing acceleration in throwing, movement variability pattern in the pain-related groups in the shoulder and elbow joints (p = 0.000), elbow and wrist (p = 0.000), were more than the painless groups. Based on the results, it can be said that the increase in variability in pain-related groups is due to the different strategies and patterns that individuals use to avoid pain. Also, despite the pain, the nervous system attempts to increase the variability find the least painful pattern of movement and reduces this variability over time and using a repetitive pattern.
Problematic Issues of Preventive Activities of Investigators and Interrogators in the Legislation of Ukraine and Some Foreign Countries
Authors: Balats R. M.
Published: April 2021

The author has carried out a comparative analysis of the normative provisions of the legislation of Ukraine and some foreign countries on preventive activities, in particular the regulation of tasks to identify the causes and conditions that contributed to the crime during the pre-trial investigation. The annual increase in the number of criminal offenses indicates the need to introduce the institution of preventive activities of investigators and interrogators into the current Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine. The scientific views of scholars have been studied and the own vision of the raised problems has been developed.

The issue of the essence of identifying the causes and conditions that contributed to the commission of a criminal offense and its normative enshrinement in legislation at some historical stages of the development of our country and the world community has been studied.

Based on the analysis of theoretical developments of scholars on criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine and the practice of pre-trial investigation and inquiry of some post-Soviet countries on issues related to the research topic, the author has placed emphasis on the significant shortcomings of legal regulation of preventive activities of investigators and interrogators during the pre-trial investigation.

The author has presented own point of view on the preventive activities of investigators and interrogators during the pre-trial investigation as one of the main tasks of such an investigation, in particular to identify the causes and conditions that contributed to criminal offenses and take necessary and effective measures to eliminate them through the appropriate agencies and their chiefs, which is offered to be enshrined in the current Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine and the departmental regulatory base.
Envolvimento paterno no período gravídico-puerperal: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Freitas Cilas Viana de , Silva Yago Rodrigues , Bessa Marcelino Maia , Freitas Rodrigo Jácob Moreira de , Sobreira Maura Vanessa Silva
Published: April 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo revisar a literatura científica relativa à participação do homem/pai brasileiro durante o período gravídico/puerperal. Foi realizado consulta nas bases LILACS, BDENF e na biblioteca SciELO, norteado pela questão: como se dá a participação do homem/pai durante o período gravídico puerperal no Brasil? Foram utilizados 12 artigos publicados entre os anos 2004 a 2019. Como resultados emergiram quatro categorias centrais: envolvimento paterno, sentir-se pai, conformação do modelo paterno nos dias atuais e relação paterna com os serviços de saúde durante a gestação e parto, as quais foram analisadas e discutidas sob a ótica da literatura consultada. Dentre outros achados, o presente estudo demonstra o quão complexo é conformação paterna no ciclo gestatório e sua tendência natural de distanciar-se do processo, contribuindo consequentemente para fragilização dos vínculos formados entre pai e filho e para dificuldade do desenvolvimento de práticas de cuidado.
Docentes vítimas de violência laboral e a implicação nas dimensões da sindrome de Burnout
Authors: Santiago Ribeiro Beatriz Maria Dos Santos , Martins Júlia Trevisan , Barcelos Dalri Rita de Cassia De Marchi , Oliveira Moreira Aline Aparecida
Published: April 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar variáveis de violência fisica e verbal e sua implicação nas dimensões do burnout. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, cuja a população foi docentes do ensino fundamental e médio de escolas públicas de um município de médio porte localizado no Sul do Brasil. Foi utilizado o teste de ‘U’ de Mann-Whitney para comparação de médias. A maior parte dos participantes eram do sexo feminino, as idades variaram de 21 a 66 anos. Os docentes que sofreram violência física e verbal no ambiente laboral nos últimos 12 meses, apresentaram níveis maiores de exaustão emocional e despersonalização contudo a realização profissional houve pouca alteração, a presença de duas dimensões alteradas já indica síndrome de Burnout. A violência contra os docentes no ambiente escolar prejudica a saúde dos profissionais e consequentemente o desempenho profissional.
Analisis performa metode Knn pada Dataset pasien pengidap Kanker Payudara
Authors: Cahyanti Dewi , Rahmayani Alifah , Husniar Syafira Ainy
Published: April 2021

Abstrak-Kanker payudara adalah penyakit non kulit yang berasal dari sel kelenjar, saluran kelenjar, dan jaringan penunjang payudara. Paper ini menggunakan metode K Nearest Neighbor untuk mengklasifikasi dataset. K-Nearest Neighbor adalah metode untuk melakukan klasifikasi terhadap objek berdasarkan data pembelajaran yang jaraknya paling dekat dengan objek tersebut. Penelitian ini mencoba menerapkan metode knn pada dataset pasien pengidap penyakit kanker payudara, k yg diterapkan adalah k=3 hingga k=5 serta menerapkan crossvalidation dengan kfold=5, setelah dilakukan pengujian maka dengan metode KNN diperoleh hasil tertinggi untuk Akurasi dengan nilai 0,93 pada 20% keempat (K3), 20% Pertama(K4) dan 20% pertama(K5), untuk Presisi dengan nilai 0,97 pada 20% keempat(K3), untuk Recall dengan nilai 0,98 pada 20% ketiga (K3) dan F-measure dengan nilai 0,94 pada 20% keempat(K3) dan 20% ketiga(K5).
Efficiency in nitrogen management using conventional and transgenic technology in the cultivation of maize
Authors: Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Peter Márcio , Demari Gustavo Henrique , Lautenchleger Francine , Carlos Filipe Selau , Pedó Tiago , Scarton Victor Delino Barasuol , Silva Aline Danielle Novello , Hutra Danieli Jacoboski , Loro Murilo Vieira
Published: April 2021

The objective to evaluate the maize yield components as a function of the top-dressing nitrogen partitioning in maize plants with conventional and transgenic technology. The experiment was carried out in the agricultural crops of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014, in the municipality of Tenente Portela-RS, Brazil. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme with two genetic technologies x 11 nitrogen fertilization treatments, arranged in three replications. The treatments were composed of top-dressing applications in the phenological stages V2 - two fully expanded leaves, (V2), V4 - four fully expanded leaves, (V4), V6 - six fully expanded leaves (V6) and V8 - with eight fully expanded leaves (V8) and split applications in V2+V4; V2+V6; V2+V8; V4+V6; V4+V8; V6+V8; and V2+V4+V6+V8. There was interaction between genetic technologies and levels of nitrogen fertilization in the maize crop. The highest grain yield was obtained with conventional technology because it presented plants with greater prolificacy, ear diameter and number of grains per row. Grain yield was superior with nitrogen fertilization in V4 and in nitrogen splitting in the V4 + V6, V4 + V8 and V2 + V4 + V6 + V8 stages.
Acting as Policy Entrepreneurs During COVID-19: The Case of Serbian Think Tanks
Authors: Djordjevic Irena
Published: April 2021

The starting point of this paper is John Kingdon’s (1984) Multiple Streams approach used to analyze whether think tanks can be acknowledged as policy entrepreneurs during COVID-19 crisis. For such purpose, the case of Serbian think tanks is examined, analyzing problems they raised, policy alternatives they proposed along with strategies they applied. Moreover, by comparing issues brought by think tanks and Governmental policy, it is assessed to what extent think tanks proposals match with the ones the Government introduced. The findings show that the selected think tanks applied diverse strategies in addressing problems, which were in majority cases accompanied with specific proposals on how to resolve them. In addition to focusing on issues that are in line with their area of work and referring to their pet proposal, think tanks as well raised some new problems, which were not on their agenda before. Finally, more than half of the problems addressed in the Government program were also recognized as important by think tanks. Therefore, it may be concluded that think tanks played the role of policy entrepreneurs during COVID-19 crisis, but in order to assess whether they were the ones that brought such ideas to policy makers, further analysis is required.
Tempo de Desaceleração, Será Tempo de Mudança? Que Mundo Teremos Após a Pandemia do COVID-19? | Downtime, Is it a Changeover Time? What World Will We Have After the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Fontes Paulo Vitorino
Published: April 2021

This period that has abruptly slowed down our confined lives during the acute phase of the pandemic could be an incubation period for change, and it could also accelerate our transition into a new phase of the world capitalist system. The dangers and opportunities that we are living during a paradoxical phase of history increase anxiety and fear, which is being experienced with the constant uncertainty of science and politics with horizons of meaning that are insufficient. At the same time, various options have become clear and almost compulsory. It’s as if all of us, or almost all of us, had the certainty that we had to stop, contain, change, or stop doing a variety of things that we had never taken into consideration. Others stopped making sense and we understand that the system in which we live is extremely fragile and offers little protection. Nonetheless, political power gains a new centrality, by placing almost all of us in social confinement and paralyzing the economy to its almost entirety. We are in a time of apparent disorder, great uncertainty and risk and it becomes important for us here to question and understand these meanings in order to anticipate the effects and consequences, but also to project the social changes that may build a better and more equitable world.
Who Do You Trust? A Comparison of Political Communication and Trust in China, the UK and Italy During the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Wang Yehan
Published: April 2021

The public’s trust in government at the national level is always a subject that arouses interest and debate among researchers as well as politicians, even more so when it comes to the response to a pandemic. COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of trust in governments and its impact on public compliance with health and safety guidelines. Many polls have found that trust in the government’s communications about COVID-19 has not experienced the same highs among countries (Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, 2020). This article discusses different political leaders’ approaches to public communication and response to the crisis and how these led to different levels of public trust in China, the UK and Italy.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СКЛАДАННЯ, ОФОРМЛЕННЯ ТА ПОСВІДЧЕННЯ ДОВІРЕНОСТЕЙ НА ПРЕДСТАВНИЦТВО ІНТЕРЕСІВ У СУДІ
Authors: Обривкіна О. М.
Published: April 2021

Стаття присвячена основним аспектам, на які потрібно звернути увагу під час оформлення довіреностей на представництво інтересів у суді, що зумовлено змінами в процесуальних кодексах, щоб уникнути проблем, які можуть виникнути на практиці під час участі у справі представника, та забезпечити ефективну і своєчасну реалізацію ним своїх повноважень.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Patellofemoral Joint
Authors: Adhikari Kapil , Kumar Gupta Mukesh , Devkota Karun , Baral Pramod , Koirala Sapana
Published: April 2021

Background: Patellofemoral pain is the leading cause of knee pain in young adults. Magnetic resonance imaging plays an important role in early diagnosis of patellofemoral joint pathology. This study was carried out to evaluate the patellofemoral joint using magnetic imaging resonance and describe various predisposing factors for patellofemoral instability. Methods: The study was carried in Department of Radiology, BPKIHS over a period of six months from February 2020 to August 2020. All patients with clinical diagnosis of patellar instability were included and Magnetic resonance imaging was done using standard knee protocol and findings were noted on structured proforma. Analysis was done using statistical package for the social sciences version 20 applying simple descriptive statistical methods.Results: A total of 60 patients who underwent MRI knee were analyzed, out of which 28(46.7%) patients were male while 32(53.3%) patients were female. 44 patients (58.3%) had various predisposing factors for patellar instability. The commonest predisposing factor was patellar subluxation (73.3%) followed by abnormal trochlear groove angle (58.3%) and patellar translation (increased tibia tubercle trochlear groove distance) (53.3%). Various MRI findings in our study were bone contusion (28 cases,46.7%), joint effusion (36 cases,60%), medial patellofemoral ligament injury (11cases ,18.3%), erosion of patellar cartilage (5 cases,8.3%), femoral cartilage erosion (3 cases,5%),loose bodies (2 cases,3.3%), subchondral edema (3 cases,5%) and meniscus injury (18 cases,30%).Conclusions: Magnetic resonance imaging is not only useful in assessing lesions of the bone, cartilage and ligaments of patellofemoral joint but also enables detection of various predisposing factors for patellofemoral instability.Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging; patellofemoral instability; patellofemoral joint
Comparative Study of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Supine and Prone Positions
Authors: Chapagain Anup , Basnet Robin Bahadur , Shah Chitaranjan , Shah Arvind Kumar , Shrestha Parash Mani , Shrestha Anil
Published: April 2021

Background: The aim of the study is the compare efficacy and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in supine and prone positions. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is conventionally performed in prone position but in recent years numbers of supine percutaneous nephrolithotomies is increasing globally.Methods: The hospital based cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Urology, Bir Hospital from July 2018 to January 2020. A total of 81 consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy were divided into two groups, with 38 patients in Supine (Group 1) and 43 patients in Prone (Group 2) positions, respectively. Patient’s demographics, access time, operative duration, stone free rate, radiation dose and duration, irrigation fluid volume, post-operative hemoglobin drop and complications were compared.Results: Demographic and stone characteristics were comparable in both groups. Supine Group (Group 1) had significantly shorter operative duration than Prone Group (Group 2), 44.63 ± 12.44minsvs 53.02 ±12.67mins (p< 0.04). The mean radiation duration was 99.11 ± 61.17secs in Group 1 and 108.40 ± 51.65 secs in Group 2 (p=0.46), respectively. Although the mean radiation dose was lower in Group 1 (375.1µGym2) than in Group 2 (465.7 µGym2), it was not statistically significant(p=0.24). The stone free rate at 1 month duration were comparable with 92.1% and 93.02% in Group 1 and Group 2 respectively (p=0.16). Overall complication rates were similar in both groups (15.7% in Group 1 vs 16.2% in Group 2), respectively. None of the patients in both groups had complications higher than Clavien IIIa.Conclusions: PCNL in supine position has significantly shorter operative time with similar complications and stone free rates as compared to prone position.Keywords: percutaneous nephrolithotomy; prone position; supine position
Uveitis in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Bisht Anjal , Shrestha Samrat , Bajgai Priya , Khadka Milan , Koirala Parimal , Bhattarai Kumud
Published: April 2021

Background: There is a close correlation between ankylosing spondylitis and uveitis, other less common ocular manifestations being episcleritis and scleritis. Though the prognosis of uveitis is good, prompt treatment is required to prevent long-term complications. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of uveitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis who follow outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in medicine outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital for 6 months. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional review board of National Academy of Medical Sciences. Convenient sampling was done. The data collected were entered in Microsoft excel to tabulate the data and analyze the results.Results: Out of 81 participants, 26 patients had a history of uveitis (32%). Most of the patients in this study were of 18-30 years. Uveitis was most common in patients with (axial to be added) spondylarthritis and peripheral inflammatory arthritis (41%) compared to those with just the axial disease (32%). Uveitis was more common among males (32.2%) than females (31.5%).Conclusion: In patients with spondyloarthritis uveitis was present in 32% of the patient with more common in patient with both axial and peripheral arthritis. Timely diagnosis of uveitis in ankylosing spondylitis can prevent the sequelae with prompt treatment. Keywords: Ankylosing spondylitis; spondyloarthritis; uveitis
Progress in Reducing Inequalities in Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Services in Nepal
Authors: Pandey Achyut Raj , Ojha Biwesh , Shrestha Niraj , Maskey Jasmine , Sharma Dikshya , Godwin Peter , Chalise Binaya , Aryal Krishna Kumar
Published: April 2021

Background: Equity has emerged as a cross-cutting theme in the health sector, and countries across the world are striving to ensure that all people have access to the health services they need without undue financial hardship and educational, social, cultural and geographical barriers. In this context, this analysis has attempted to analyse Nepal’s progress in reducing inequalities in reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health services based on economic status and place of residence.Methods: In this analysis, we have used data available from the web version of the Health Equity Assessment Toolkit, a data visualisation tool developed by the World Health Organisation. We have analysed the inequalities in terms of a composite coverage index which combines eight reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health interventions along the continuum of care.Results: Composite coverage of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health services was 43% in 2001 which increased to 65% in 2016. The absolute difference in composite coverage of the services between the lowest and highest wealth quintiles decreased from 28-percentage points in 2001 to 8-percentage points in 2016. The difference in service coverage between the urban and rural settings reduced from 21-percentage points to six percentage points in the period. Among the eight various services, births attended by skilled birth attendants is the indicator with the highest scope for improvement.  Conclusions: Inequalities based on wealth quintiles and residence places have narrowed from 2001 to 2016. Additional efforts in expanding skilled birth attendants and antenatal care service coverage among the poorest quintile and rural residents could further improve the coverage of the indicators at the national level and narrow down the inequalities.Keywords: Health services; inequality; maternal; Nepal; newborn and child health; reproductive health
Formulações tópicas à base de manteiga das sementes de Platonia insignis Mart. para o tratamento de lesões relacionadas à leishmaniose cutânea experimental
Authors: Lustosa Ana Karina Marques Fortes , Coêlho Angélica Gomes , Santos Andressa Amorim dos , Barros Ytallo Samuel Oliveira , Rodrigues Klinger Antônio da Franca , Amorim Layane Valéria , Alves Michel Muálem de Moraes , Carvalho André Luis Menezes , Mendes Anderson Nogueira , Carvalho Fernando Aécio de Amorim , Arcanjo Daniel Dias Rufino , Citó Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes
Published: April 2021

O estudo propõe o desenvolvimento e a avaliação de formulações tópicas à base de manteiga da semente do bacuri (P. insignis Mart.) e do seu potencial cicatrizante em lesões cutâneas induzidas pela infecção com Leishmania amazonensis em modelo experimental murino. Para isso, realizou-se a obtenção tecnológica de 3 formulações tópicas, veiculadas em Pluronic® Lecithin Organogel (P.L.O.): uma contendo extrato hexânico das sementes do bacuri 5% (FBBU), outra contendo manteiga de bacuri industrializada 5% (FBBI) e uma terceira formulação livre de manteiga (FLBB). Em seguida, realizou-se a avaliação da estabilidade preliminar e acelerada, analisando-se parâmetros como: características organolépticas, determinação da espalhabilidade, resistência à centrifugação, pH e tamanho de gotícula. Por fim, foi avaliada a atividade antileishmania in vivo das formulações utilizando-se camundongos fêmeas, da espécie Mus musculus, linhagem BALB/c, infectados na região da base da cauda com promastigotas em fase estacionária. As formulações mostraram-se estáveis em todos os ensaios, havendo variação apenas na espalhabilidade (aumento) e na viscosidade (redução) após estresse. No tratamento do modelo experimental, o desenvolvimento clínico da doença nos animais deu-se conforme o descrito na literatura e pôde-se observar redução significativa no diâmetro das úlceras dos animais tratados com as formulações contendo a manteiga, comparadas à FLBB. Portanto, foi possível o desenvolvimento de uma formulação de uso tópico, a partir das manteigas do bacuri, reprodutível e com resultados de estabilidade satisfatórios. As formulações apresentaram potencial antileishmania relevante comparados à FLBB, indicando grande potencial da atividade da P. insignis Mart. para o tratamento da leishmaniose cutânea.
Therapeutic effects of auriculotherapy on anxiety syndromes among adolescents: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Mazon Luciana Maria , Siewert Josiane Steil , Duarte Vanderleia Muller , Fernandes Emanuela , Dumke Gustav Oscar
Published: April 2021

Introduction: anxiety syndromes are amidst the most frequent among adolescents appearing to be in the first forms of psychopathology. Drug Therapy and psychotherapy are strongly used in anxiety treatment, however, other therapeutic strategies are also been used, such as auriculotherapy, which consists of activating reflex points in the ear in order to improve mental and physical health. Objectiv: to map available evidences about the therapeutics effects of auriculotherapy on anxiety syndromes among adolescents. Inclusion criteria: This review will consider studies that include adolescents (10 to 19 years old) diagnosed with anxiety of any nature defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM V) and that have undergone auriculotherapy to treat these clinical conditions. Methods: A three-step search strategy will be used for this review.  The databases to be searched include MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, LILACS, Scielo/ BDENF, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science. Quantitative and qualitative studies will be considered. Only studies published in English, Spanish and Portuguese will be included, with no date limit. The extracted data will be presented in a diagram or tabulated in a way that aligns with the objective of this scoping review. A narrative summary will also be presented.
Fatores associados à anemia em adolescentes escolares: Um estudo transversal
Authors: Alves Shirley Pereira da Paiva , Simões Mônica Oliveira da Silva , Barros Kleber Napoleão Nunes de Oliveira , Silva Rayli Maria Pereira da , Barros Amanda Maria Guimarães , Medeiros Carla Campos Muniz , Carvalho Danielle Franklin de
Published: April 2021

Introdução: A anemia por deficiência de ferro é um problema de saúde pública com significativa prevalência entre os adolescentes. Essa patologia provoca a redução da concentração de hemoglobina sérica, comprometendo o transporte de oxigênio para os tecidos corporais, causando fadiga, redução da função cognitiva, atraso no crescimento pondero-estatural e no desenvolvimento motor, além de acarretar danos ao sistema imunológico, ao desempenho físico em todas as fases da vida. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores associados à prevalência da anemia em adolescentes de escolas públicas. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo, retrospectivo, com uma amostra de 512 adolescentes escolares. Utilizou-se informações socioeconômicas e demográficas, resultados de exames de hemograma e de Proteína C reativa - PCR, bem como, dados antropométricos e de consumo alimentar. Resultados: Na amostra, houve prevalência de anemia em adolescentes do sexo feminino 20 (3,9%) p-valor (0,0013). O consumo alimentar das adolescentes era inadequado em frutas, legumes e verduras. Conclusão: O principal fator associado à prevalência da anemia foi o sexo feminino.
A concepção produtivista da educação: A trajetória de estudantes universitários
Authors: Silva Paula Pamplona Beltrão da , Chaves Andréa Bittencourt Pires
Published: April 2021

A Constituição Federal de 1988 prevê que o primado do trabalho é a base da ordem social e que a educação é um direito de todos e dever do Estado e da família. Importa neste artigo descrever a forma pela qual o Estado brasileiro falha quando não observa que garantir o acesso a educação pública federal de nível superior também é assegurar a permanência do estudante no processo de aprendizado até sua conclusão. Assim, foi aplicada pesquisa exploratória, com metodologia de abordagem hipotético-dedutiva e método de procedimento bibliográfico, concomitante com estudo de campo. Os resultados mostram que há relação entre as políticas de educação no Brasil e o fenômeno da precarização do trabalho e da evasão universitária. Conclui-se que a concepção produtivista da educação no Brasil reforça os problemas que envolvem a permanência dos estudantes na educação pública federal de nível superior. Em pesquisa de campo, na qual foram entrevistados 4 (quatro) estudantes da Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, os dados são uníssonos no sentido de que estudantes que possuem renda familiar baixa, pois no seio de suas famílias a renda advém do trabalho precarizado, encaram com incerteza sua permanência no curso universitário devido aos custos de deslocamento, alimentação e material didático, situação que os compele a também praticar formas de trabalho precárias, como a venda de produtos, para que possam se manter no processo de aprendizado.
Charge Transport and Thermoelectric Properties of Mn-Doped Tetrahedrites Cu12-xMnxSb4S13
Authors: Kim Sung-Yoon , Lee Go-Eun , Kim Il-Ho
Published: April 2021

Mn-doped tetrahedrites Cu12-xMnxSb4S13 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) were synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) and sintered by hot pressing (HP). A single tetrahedrite phase was synthesized by MA without post-annealing, and it was stable without any phase changes after HP. The hot-pressed specimens had a relative density higher than 98.6%. The lattice constant of the Mn-doped samples increased compared to that of undoped Cu12Sb4S13, but no significant change in the lattice constant was observed with a change in Mn content. All Mn-doped tetrahedrites acted as p-type semiconductors, as confirmed from positive Hall and Seebeck coefficient values. The Seebeck coefficient increased with increasing temperature but decreased with increasing Mn content; maximum Seebeck coefficient values of 200−219 μVK-1 were obtained at 323−723 K for x = 0.1. Electrical conductivity increased with increasing temperature and Mn content; the highest electrical conductivity values of (1.76−2.45) × 104 Sm-1 were obtained at 323−723 K for x = 0.4. As a result, Cu11.6Mn0.4Sb4S13 exhibited a maximum power factor of 0.80 mWm-1K-2 at 723 K. As the Mn content increased, both the electronic and lattice thermal conductivities increased, and thus, the total thermal conductivity was the lowest at 0.48–0.63Wm-1K-1 at 323–723 K for x = 0.1. A maximum dimensionless figure of merit of 0.75 was obtained at 723 K for Cu11.7Mn0.3Sb4S13. The MA-HP process is suitable for preparing doped tetrahedrites exhibiting excellent thermoelectric performance.
Spanish ’Flu in Scotland: A Lanarkshire Case Study
Authors: Mccrossan Katharine
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this article is to explore the impact that the 1918 influenza pandemic (otherwise known as the ‘Spanish ‘Flu’) had on the Scottish county of Lanarkshire. Despite being one of the most devastating events in modern history, to date little is known about the experience of the disease in Scotland. Structured in two parts, part one of this article will examine the human impact of the Spanish ’Flu within Lanarkshire, while part two focuses on the official responses to the pandemic from both the medical profession and local civic government. In doing so, this article will demonstrate that the Spanish ’Flu generated a high level of mortality amongst the population of Lanarkshire, placed great strain on medical services, and exposed tensions between local and central government at a time of increasing state intervention.
Medicalised Masculinities in Turkey and Iran: TheEigensinnof Hair in Hair Transplantation
Authors: Şahinol Melike , Taşdizen Burak
Published: April 2021

Growing cultural enthusiasm for cosmetic surgery and the techno-medical modification of the body have had a considerable impact on men in recent years making it the driving force behind the medicalisation of masculinities ( Syzmczak and Conrad 2006 ). Among the top five cosmetic procedures most frequently chosen by men are laser hair removal in the category of cosmetic minimally invasive procedures and hair transplantation in the category of cosmetic surgical procedures ( American Society of Plastic Surgeons 2019 ). Turkey is the world's leading destination for medical services and a leading country of medical tourism. Its beauty tourism is particularly noteworthy making the country attractive for ‘demand-oriented’ and ‘wish-fulfilling’ cosmetic procedures for the West, the Middle East as well as locals. With a special emphasis on the somatechnics of shaping men's hair, this article analyses the currents of hair transplantation practices and after-care in shaping masculinities in Turkey and its regional competitor Iran. By building on the existing literature, we extend the discussion on male haircare with hair as the bios as part of emerging socio-bio-technical entities.
‘Potency is important for a real man’: Affective Readings of Shame and Performance Anxiety in Spam Selling Viagra and other Sexuopharmaceuticals
Authors: Jensen Mie Birk , Jänicke Stefan
Published: April 2021

Viagra is a popular topic in spam, but contrary to Pfizer's official marketing of Viagra, little attention has been directed at how the content of spam plays into gendered discourse on masculinity and men's sexual performances. This is not surprising, if we consider how spam is mostly treated as a nuisance to digital infrastructures. Yet, studies have demonstrated how spammers build on, reflect and transmit gender ideologies (e.g. Mullany 2004 ; Paasonen 2009 ; Yu 2014 ). In the present paper, we contribute insights to the existing studies on Viagra and spam, as we examine how spammers promote Viagra and other sexuopharmaceuticals. Taking our point of departure in an online spam archive ( Guenter 2010 ), we combine qualitative and quantitative methods to analyse the textual content of spam emails. Using TagSpheres models, we have produced an overview of the most frequent and relevant terms in spam which we further subject to a qualitative analysis. Drawing on Sara Ahmed (2004) , we engage in an affective reading of selected spam emails, generated by randomised samples. In the analysis, we argue that spammers attempt to move possible consumers away from official and legal sale methods by emphasising shame and anxiety related to procuring Viagra and other sexuopharmaceuticals. While shame moves the consumer away from legal sale methods, anxiety is invoked to encourage the possible consumer to envision a hypermasculine future, in which virility is everlasting. We further discuss our findings in relation to masculinity, arguing that spammers capitalise on existing communication- and pharmaceutical technologies, whilst taking gendered discourse in advertising to their ‘functional extremes’ ( Brunton 2019 : xiv).
Harizmî'nin Kitâbu’l-Cebr ve’l-Mukâbele İsimli Eserinin Arap Dilindeki Yeri ve Önemi
Authors: EKİNCİ İsmail
Published: April 2021

Bir dilin zengin ve edebi bir dil olma ölçütlerinden birisi de kelime hazinesi bakımından zengin oluşudur. Gerek bir kelimenin birden fazla anlamlar için kullanılması, gerekse tek bir anlam için birden fazla farklı kelimenin kullanılması, dili zengin kılan bir hususiyettir. Bilhassa konuşma dilinde kullanılan kelimelerin dışında bütün bilim dalları, sanat, basın, spor gibi birçok alanda kelime dağarcığının zengin oluşu, dili zengin kılan bir unsurdur. İslâmiyet sonrası Arapça, İslâmi ilimler ve pozitif ilimlerle hem gramatik açıdan hem de kelime dağarcığı açısından gelişmiştir. Pozitif ilimlerden matematikte kullanılan sıfır, cebir ve mukabele gibi birçok kelime, İslâm alimleri tarafından yeniden tanımlanarak Arapçaya kazandırılmıştır. Matematik alanında birçok terim ve hesaplama ile Arapçaya katkıda bulunan İslâm âlimlerinden birisi de Harezmî’dir. Harezmî Arapçaya birçok yeni matematik terimi kazandırmış ve aynı zamanda Arapçada var olan birçok kelimeye de yeni anlamlar yükleyerek, birçok ıstılâhi kullanım ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmada Harezmî’nin hayatı ve eserleri verilmiş, Kitâbu’l-Cebr ve’l-Mukâbele isimli eseri incelenmiş ve bu eserle Harezmî’nin Arap diline katkıları ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
The Model Of Local Regulation Of The Human Rights Fulfillment Based On Progressive Law
Authors: Neta Yulia , Budiyono Budiyono , Firmansyah Ade Arif
Published: April 2021

One of the materials for the amendment of the 1945 Constitution is the guarantee of human rights and constitutional rights of citizens. This change can be seen as a manifestation of awareness about the importance of protecting the human rights and constitutional rights of citizens, which grows and becomes the spirit of reform. Local governments have an important role in presenting the spirit of reform by presenting Regional Regulations for the Fulfillment of Human Rights. The material model for the content of the Local regulation Fulfillment of Human Rights based on progressive law relies on three things, namely: laws and regulations that regulate human rights both vertically and horizontally, the contextual reality of the recognition and protection of human rights found in local communities and thirdly for humans and humanity. Systematically, the division of chapters containing the content in it consists of: general provisions; principles and objectives; type of human rights; human rights recognition; protection of human rights; fulfillment of human rights; community participation; guidance and supervision; funding and closing provisions. By using the socio-legal approach, this paper describes the material model for the content of regional regulations regarding the fulfillment of human rights based on progressive law.
Independent Sports Television in the Networked Era
Authors: Buehler Branden
Published: April 2021

As the rise of internet distribution has transformed television, precipitating the continued expansion and fracturing of the medium, sports television has not been excluded. In analyzing the effects of internet distribution on sports television, this article specifically examines how internet distribution has fostered the emergence of independent sports television producers and distributors operating outside the traditional sports television system. Using the sport of Ultimate frisbee (Ultimate) as a case study, the article first argues that the new streaming companies that have emerged around that sport have largely modeled their streams on legacy sports television, but have also looked to adapt the conventions of traditional sports television to the specificities of the sport. Second, the article suggests that a particular area of concern for these independent streaming companies has been representation, as these companies have sought to offer a more progressive form of sports television.