bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A-myb rescues murine B-cell lymphomas from IgM-receptor–mediated apoptosis through c-myctranscriptional regulation
Authors: Arsura Marcello , Hofmann Claudia S. , Golay Josee , Introna Martino , Sonenshein Gail E.
Published: October 2019

A-myb is a member of the myb family of transcription factors, which regulates proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of hematopoietic cells. A-Myb expression is normally restricted to the proliferating B-cell centroblasts and transgenic mice overexpressing A-myb displayed enhanced hyperplasia of the lymph nodes. Because A-Myb is highly expressed in several subtypes of human B-cell neoplasias, we sought to determine whether the A-myb gene promoted proliferation and survival of B lymphocytes, using the WEHI 231 and CH33 murine B-cell lymphomas as models. Here, we show that ectopic expression of A-mybrescues WEHI 231 and CH33 cells from growth arrest and apoptosis induced by anti-IgM treatment. Previously, we demonstrated an essential role of the c-myc gene in promoting cell survival of WEHI 231 cells in response to a variety of apoptotic stimuli. Furthermore, we and others have shown that the c-myc gene is potently transactivated by A-Myb in several cell types. Thus, we sought to determine whether c-Myc would mediate the A-Myb antiapoptotic effect in B cells. Here we show that ectopic expression of A-myb leads to maintenance of c-myc expression, and that expression of antisense c-myc RNA ablates A-Myb–mediated survival signals. Thus, these findings strongly implicate the A-myb gene in the regulation of B-cell survival and confirm the c-myc gene as one of the downstream targets of A-myb in these cells. Overall, our observation suggests that A-mybexpression may be relevant to the pathology of human B-cell neoplasias.
A novel cause of mild/moderate hemophilia A: mutations scattered in the factor VIII C1 domain reduce factor VIII binding to von Willebrand factor
Authors: Jacquemin Marc , Lavend'homme Renaud , Benhida Abdellah , Vanzieleghem Beatrijs , d'Oiron Roseline , Lavergne Jean-Maurice , Brackmann Hans H. , Schwaab Rainer , VandenDriessche Thierry , Chuah Marinee K. L. , Hoylaerts Marc , Gilles Jean Guy G. , Peerlinck Kathelijne , Vermylen Jos , Saint-Remy Jean-Marie R.
Published: October 2019

The mechanisms responsible for the low factor VIII (fVIII) activity in the plasma of patients with mild/moderate hemophilia A are poorly understood. In such patients, we have identified a series of fVIII mutations (Ile2098Ser, Ser2119Tyr, Asn2129Ser, Arg2150His, and Pro2153Gln) clustered in the C1 domain and associated with reduced binding of fVIII to von Willebrand factor (vWf). For each patient plasma, the specific activity of mutated fVIII was close to that of normal fVIII. Scatchard analysis showed that the affinity for vWf of recombinant Ile2098Ser, Ser2119Tyr, and Arg2150His fVIII mutants was reduced 8-fold, 80-fold, and 3-fold, respectively, when compared with normal fVIII. Given the importance of vWf for the stability of fVIII in plasma, these findings suggested that the reduction of fVIII binding to vWf resulting from the above-mentioned mutations could contribute to patients' low fVIII plasma levels. We, therefore, analyzed the effect of vWf on fVIII production by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with expression vectors for recombinant B domain-deleted normal, Ile2098Ser, Ser2119Tyr, and Arg2150His fVIII. These 3 mutations impaired the vWf-dependent accumulation of functional fVIII in culture medium. Analysis of fVIII production by transiently transfected CHO cells indicated that, in addition to the impaired stabilization by vWf, the secretion of functional Ile2098Ser and Arg2150His fVIII was reduced about 2-fold and 6-fold, respectively, by comparison to Ser2119Tyr and normal fVIII. These findings indicate that C1-domain mutations resulting in reduced fVIII binding to vWf are an important cause of mild/moderate hemophilia A.
Adhesion to 90K (Mac-2 BP) as a mechanism for lymphoma drug resistance in vivo
Authors: Fornarini Bruna , D'Ambrosio Consuelo , Natoli Clara , Tinari Nicola , Silingardi Vittorio , Iacobelli Stefano
Published: October 2019

A cell-adhesive protein of the human serum, 90K binds galactin-3, β1-integrins, collagens, and fibronectin, and it is of importance in cell-cell and cell–extracellular matrix adhesion. Serum 90K levels in 137 patients with lymphoma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Compared with healthy controls, pretreatment serum 90K levels in patients with lymphoma were elevated (P < .001). Of 97 patients who showed objective response to treatment, 20 (21%) had pretreatment 90K levels above the normal cutoff compared with 17 (53%) of 32 patients who did not respond (P = .002). When used as a plastic-immobilized substrate, 90K caused a significant reduction in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis of Jurkat T lymphoma cells. This finding could explain the lack of response in lymphoma patients with high 90K serum levels.
Development and validation of an algorithm to assess risk of first-time falling among home care clients
Authors: Kuspinar Ayse , Hirdes John P. , Berg Katherine , McArthur Caitlin , Morris John N.
Published: October 2019

Background

The falls literature focuses on individuals with previous falls, so little is known about individuals who have not experienced a fall in the past. Predicting falls in those without a prior event is critical for primary prevention of injuries. Identifying and intervening before the first fall may be an effective strategy for reducing the high personal and economic costs of falls among older adults. The purpose of this study was to derive and validate a prediction algorithm for first-time falls (1stFall) among home care clients who had not fallen in the past 90 days.

Methods

Decision tree analysis was used to develop a prediction algorithm for the occurrence of a first fall from a cohort of home care clients who had not fallen in the last 90 days, and who were prospectively followed over 6 months. Ontario home care clients who were assessed with the Resident Assessment Instrument-Home Care (RAI-HC) between 2002 and 2014 (n = 88,690) were included in the analysis. The dependent variable was falls in the past 90 days in follow-up assessments. The independent variables were taken from the RAI-HC. The validity of the 1stFall algorithm was tested among home care clients in 4 Canadian provinces: Ontario (n = 38,013), Manitoba (n = 2738), Alberta (n = 1226) and British Columbia (n = 9566).

Results

The 1stFall algorithm includes the utilization of assistive devices, unsteady gait, age, cognition, pain and incontinence to identify 6 categories from low to high risk. In the validation samples, fall rates and odds ratios increased with risk levels in the algorithm in all provinces examined.

Conclusions

The 1stFall algorithm predicts future falls in persons who had not fallen in the past 90 days. Six distinct risk categories demonstrated predictive validity in 4 independent samples.
Effect of attending pregnant women’s conference on institutional delivery, Northwest Ethiopia: comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Asresie Melash Belachew , Dagnew Gizachew Worku
Published: October 2019

Background

Institutional delivery is the cornerstone reducing maternal mortality. Community-based behavioral change interventions are increasing institutional delivery in developing countries. Yet, there is a dearth of information on the effect of attending pregnant women’s conferences in improving institutional delivery in Ethiopian. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the effect of attending pregnant women’s conference on institutional delivery, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

Community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 among 871 women who gave birth within the last 12 months (435: pregnant women’s conference attendants and 436: pregnant women’s conference non-attendants). Participants were selected by using a multistage-simple random sampling technique and a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Both descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS V.23. A P-value less than or equal to 0.05 at 95% confidence interval was set to test statistical significance.

Results

Institutional delivery among women who attended pregnant women’s conferences was 54.3%, higher compared with 39.9% of women who didn’t attend the conference. Likewise, the level of well-preparedness for birth was higher among women who attended the conference (38.9%) compared with their counterparts (25.7%). Being knowledgeable on childbirth (AOR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.2, 2.8) and postpartum danger signs (AOR = 14.0, 95%CI: 4.6, 40.0), and discussed with partners/families about the place of birth (AOR = 7.7, 95%CI: 3.6, 16.4) were more likely to institutional delivery among women who attended pregnant women’s conference. Whereas, among women who didn’t attend the pregnant women’s conference, being knowledgeable about pregnancy danger signs (AOR = 3.6, 95%CI: 1.6, 8.1) were more likely to institutional delivery. In addition, the nearest health facility within 1 h of walking and well-preparedness for birth and its complication were found positively associated with institutional delivery in both groups.

Conclusion

Institutional delivery was low in both groups compared to the national plan, but was higher among women who attended the conference. Similarly, women’s knowledge of obstetric danger signs and preparation for birth and its complication was higher among women who attended the conference. Therefore, encouraging women to attend the pregnant women’s conference and discuss with their families about the place of delivery should be strengthened.
Efficacy of mepolizumab for patients with severe asthma and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Numata Takanori , Nakayama Katsutoshi , Utsumi Hirofumi , Kobayashi Kenji , Yanagisawa Haruhiko , Hashimoto Mitsuo , Minagawa Shunsuke , Ishikawa Takeo , Hara Hiromichi , Araya Jun , Kuwano Kazuyoshi
Published: October 2019

Background

Several major randomized control studies have demonstrated that mepolizumab, an anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody, is effective for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma who show exacerbation or require systemic corticosteroid maintenance therapy. However, the predictive factors of the response to mepolizumab other than blood eosinophil count are unclear in clinical practice.

Objective

To elucidate the predictive factors of the response to mepolizumab for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma.

Methods

From July 2016 to December 2017, 28 patients with severe asthma received mepolizumab in our hospital. To determine the predictive factors, we retrospectively evaluated patient characteristics, comorbidities, biomarkers, pulmonary function, maintenance dose of systemic corticosteroids and number of exacerbations.

Results

The response rate to mepolizumab treatment was 70% (19/27; one pregnant woman was excluded from analysis). Compared with 11 patients without eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS), 16 patients with ECRS showed significantly improved systemic corticosteroid-sparing effects [− 71.3 ± 37.0% vs − 10.7 ± 20.1%, P = 0.006], change from baseline FeNO [− 19 ± 57 (%) vs 30 ± 77 (%), P = 0.023] and symptoms [14 patients (88%) vs five patients (45%), P = 0.033]. ECRS was identified as a predictive factor of the response to mepolizumab in a multivariate logistic regression analysis [odds ratio = 22.5, 95% CI (1.5–336), P = 0.024]. Of the eight patients previously administered omalizumab, five responded to mepolizumab. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B IgE results were negative in 80% of responders (P = 0.14).

Conclusion

Both groups showed improved symptom scores and a decreased number of exacerbations. Mepolizumab substantially improved the clinical variables of patients with eosinophilic asthma complicated with ECRS.
Metagenomics: aid to combat antimicrobial resistance in diarrhea
Authors: De Rituparna
Published: October 2019

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as an obstacle in the supple administration of antimicrobial agents to critical diarrheal patients. Most diarrheal pathogens have developed resistance against the major classes of antibiotics commonly used for assuaging diarrheal symptoms. Antimicrobial resistance develops when pathogens acquire antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) through genetic recombination from commensals and pathogens. These are the constituents of the complex microbiota in all ecological niches. The recombination events may occur in the environment or in the gut. Containment of AMR can be achieved through a complete understanding of the complex and diverse structure and function of the microbiota. Its taxonomic entities serve as focal points for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genetic determinants. Molecular methods complemented with culture-based diagnostics have been historically implemented to document these natural events. However, the advent of next-generation sequencing has revolutionized the field of molecular epidemiology. It has revolutionized the method of addressing relevant problems like diagnosis and surveillance of infectious diseases and the issue of antimicrobial resistance. Metagenomics is one such next-generation technique that has proved to be a monumental advancement in the area of molecular taxonomy. Current understanding of structure, function and dysbiosis of microbiota associated with antimicrobial resistance was realized due to its conception. This review describes the major milestones achieved due to the advent and implementation of this new technique in the context of antimicrobial resistance. These achievements span a wide panorama from the discovery of novel microorganisms to invention of translational value.
Correction to: Hierarchy of hair loss stigma: media portrayals of cancer, alopecia areata, and ringworm in Israeli Newspapers
Authors: Yeshua-Katz Daphna , Shvarts Shifra , Segal-Engelchin Dorit
Published: October 2019

The original publication of this article [1] contained an incorrect title.
A cellular and proteomic approach to assess proteins extracted from cryopreserved human amnion in the cultivation of corneal stromal keratocytes for stromal cell therapy
Authors: Fenner Beau J. , Yusoff Nur Zahirah B. M. , Fuest Matthias , Zhou Lei , Bandeira Francisco , Cajucom-Uy Howard Y. , Tan H. K. , Mehta Jodhbir S. , Yam Gary H. F.
Published: October 2019

Background

Human corneal stromal keratocytes propagated in culture media supplemented with human amnion extract (AME) can correct early corneal haze in an animal model. Clinical application of cultivated keratocytes is limited by infectious disease screening before amnion products can be used in humans. It remains unclear if AME from cryopreserved versus fresh human amnion can support human keratocyte propagation, and which components of the extract promote keratocyte growth.

Methods

Three placentas were collected for the preparation of fresh and cryopreserved amnion tissues followed by homogenization and protein extraction. AME protein profiles were studied using isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics. Enriched gene ontology (GO) terms and functional classes were identified. Primary human keratocytes from 4 donor corneas were cultured in media supplemented with fresh AME (F-AME) or cryopreserved AME (C-AME). Cell viability, proliferation and keratocyte marker expression were examined by confocal immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.

Results

AME proteomics revealed 1385 proteins with similar expression levels (between 0.5- and 2-fold) between F- and C-AME, while 286 proteins were reduced (less than 0.5-fold) in C-AME. Enriched GO term and biological pathway analysis showed that those proteins with comparable expression between F-AME and C-AME were involved in cell metabolism, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, focal adhesion, cell-extracellular matrix interaction, cell stress regulation and complement cascades. Human corneal stromal keratocytes cultured with F-AME or C-AME showed similar morphology and viability, while cell proliferation was mildly suppressed with C-AME (P > 0.05). Expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) and CD34 was similar in both cultures.

Conclusion

AME from cryopreserved amnion had limited influence on keratocyte culture. It is feasible to use protein extract from cryopreserved amnion to propagate human keratocytes for potential translational applications.
Germline GPR161 Mutations Predispose to Pediatric Medulloblastoma
Authors: Begemann Matthias , Waszak Sebastian M. , Robinson Giles W. , Jäger Natalie , Sharma Tanvi , Knopp Cordula , Kraft Florian , Moser Olga , Mynarek Martin , Guerrini-Rousseau Lea , Brugieres Laurence , Varlet Pascale , Pietsch Torsten , Bowers Daniel C. , Chintagumpala Murali , Sahm Felix , Korbel Jan O. , Rutkowski Stefan , Eggermann Thomas , Gajjar Amar , Northcott Paul , Elbracht Miriam , Pfister Stefan M. , Kontny Udo , Kurth Ingo
Published: October 2019

PURPOSE

The identification of a heritable tumor predisposition often leads to changes in management and increased surveillance of individuals who are at risk; however, for many rare entities, our knowledge of heritable predisposition is incomplete.

METHODS

Families with childhood medulloblastoma, one of the most prevalent childhood malignant brain tumors, were investigated to identify predisposing germline mutations. Initial findings were extended to genomes and epigenomes of 1,044 medulloblastoma cases from international multicenter cohorts, including retrospective and prospective clinical studies and patient series.

RESULTS

We identified heterozygous germline mutations in the G protein-coupled receptor 161 ( GPR161) gene in six patients with infant-onset medulloblastoma (median age, 1.5 years). GPR161 mutations were exclusively associated with the sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma (MBSHH) subgroup and accounted for 5% of infant MBSHH cases in our cohorts. Molecular tumor profiling revealed a loss of heterozygosity at GPR161 in all affected MBSHH tumors, atypical somatic copy number landscapes, and no additional somatic driver events. Analysis of 226 MBSHH tumors revealed somatic copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 1q as the hallmark characteristic of GPR161 deficiency and the primary mechanism for biallelic inactivation of GPR161 in affected MBSHH tumors.

CONCLUSION

Here, we describe a novel brain tumor predisposition syndrome that is caused by germline GPR161 mutations and characterized by MBSHH in infants. Additional studies are needed to identify a potential broader tumor spectrum associated with germline GPR161 mutations.
Metabolic Trifecta After Pancreatitis: Exocrine Pancreatic Dysfunction, Altered Gut Microbiota, and New-Onset Diabetes
Authors: Petrov Maxim S.
Published: October 2019

Abstract: Pancreatitis, a complex disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, often leads to metabolic sequelae (such as exocrine pancreatic dysfunction and new-onset diabetes). Several trillion micro-organisms inhabit the gastrointestinal tract, and this community plays an important role in the regulation of functions of not only the gut but also the pancreas. Studies to parse the underlying contributions of the gut microbiota to metabolic sequelae of pancreatitis will offer important translational insights with a view to preventing exocrine pancreatic dysfunction and new-onset diabetes after pancreatitis.
A case of transsexualism among close relatives
Authors: Kozlov G. I. , Kalinchenko S. Yu.
Published: October 2019

Transsexualism (TS) is a mismatch between sexual auto-identification and biological and genetic sex.

This is a rather rare pathology. According to most authors. male TS significantly prevails over female (3:1 ratio).

Over the period from 1980 to the present, we have observed 149 patients with TS, including 124 with female TS (transgender women and men) and 20 with male TS (transgender men and women). According to our observations, female TS prevails over male in a 3:1 ratio, which is at variance with data from researchers in other countries. The question of the reasons for this discrepancy remains to be answered.

The essence of the TS is still completely unclear. However, attempts to interpret the pathogenesis of TS from a purely psychiatric perspective, that is, within the framework of a depersonalization syndrome, are now completely abandoned. Recently, much attention has been paid to genetic and endocrine factors that can create the prerequisites for the development of TS.
Glurenorm in diabetic nephropathy: effects on renal function and vascular endothelium
Authors: Shestakova M. V. , Shamkhalova M. Sh. , Ukhanova T. T. , Ryndina M. G. , Dedov I. I.
Published: October 2019

Study of the effects of glurenorm, an oral sugar- reducing drug, on renal function and vascular endothelium in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus at different stages of diabetic involvement of the kidneys, including those with chronic renal insufficiency, revealed that glurenorm in therapeutic doses had no nephrotoxic effect; moreover, it maintained the filtration function of the kidneys even in patients with the initial stage of chronic renal insufficiency (with blood serum creatinine of up to 200 mmol/liter. Therapy with glurenorm for 3 and 6 months caused a reliable reduction of the production of thromboxane A, a vasoconstrictor, this probably improving the intrarenal hemodynamics, and exerting an antiproteinuric effect in patients with manifest diabetic nephropathy. At the same time, glurenorm therapy did not appreciably influence the production of factors released by vascular endothelium (prostacyclin and endothelin-1). Hence, a detailed study of renal function and vascular endothelium in patients with type II diabetes demonstrated that administration of glurenorm to patients with manifest renal involvement was not only safe, but even favorably affected the intrarenal hemodynamics and had an antiproteinuric effect.
Hormones and osteoporosis
Authors: Shiraliyev O. K. , Mamedov T. F. , Gaghiyeva Zh. I.
Published: October 2019

Osteoporosis and its complications - bone fractures - represent a significant medical and social problem. Due to osteoporosis, bone fractures occur annually in 1.3 million Americans and 40 thousand Canadians. In France, one in two, and in Australia, one in five women aged about 70 years, suffer from fractures caused by osteoporosis. The occurrence of osteoporosis in old women is due to a decrease in estrogen production. However, a decrease in bone mineral density occurs not only with age, but even more so with all conditions leading to a change in the balance of hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, thyroid and parathyroid glands, and adrenal glands.

In connection with the stated purpose of this work was a synthesis of literature data on the effect of hormones on the occurrence and development of osteoporosis.

Bone tissue is a dynamic metabolically active system. Depending on the function performed, cortical and trabecular bone are distinguished. The first makes up three quarters of the entire skeletal mass, forms the diaphysis of the tubular bones, has a low porosity, performs the function of supporting soft tissues and transmitting muscle contraction from one part of the body to another. Trabecular bone tissue makes up one fourth of the mass of the skeleton, forms the bones of the axial skeleton and the epiphysis of the tubular bones, has high porosity and ensures normal vital activity of the bone marrow. To do this, in the trabecular bones there are cavities ranging in size from 500 to 1000 microns, located between bone plates 100-150 microns thick.

The basis of the vital activity of bone tissue is the functioning of two types of cells: osteoclasts resorbing the bone, and osteoblasts responsible for its formation. The ancestors of these cells are not fully understood, although hematopoietic monocyte macrophages are considered the most probable for osteoclasts, and stromal cells for osteoblasts, from which preosteoblasts arise.

Throughout life, there is a constant renewal of bones, manifested in the resorption of individual, very small sections of tissue, with the almost simultaneous formation of a new bone. This process is of great evolutionary importance, since it allows you to remove microtrauma and bone microcracks that arise during the life process. Annually 25% of the mass of the trabecular bones and only 2-3% of the cortical bones are renewed.
Finoptin effect on electrolyte metabolism of diabetics with essential hypertension
Authors: Melchinskaya Ye. N. , Gromnatsky N. I. , Vishnevsky V. I.
Published: October 2019

It is universally acknowledged that some hypotensive agents may have a negative impact on electrolyte metabolism. This study was aimed at investigating the baseline status of electrolyte metabolism in patients with types I and II diabetes and concomitant essential hypertension and at following up the changes in this parameter over the course of verapamil (finoptin) therapy. Fifty-six patients were followed up. Levels of potassium and sodium in the plasma and red cells, total and ionized calcium in the plasma were measured before therapy and after 0.5, 1.5, and 6 months of finoptin therapy. Higher levels of plasma potassium and red cell sodium were revealed in patients with type I diabetes in comparison with those with type II condition. In patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes potassium concentrations in red cells and ionized calcium in the plasma were higher. Finoptin therapy promoted a decrease of sodium concentration in the red cells in diabetics with both types I and II condition and a reduction of the level of ionized calcium in the plasma of patients with type II diabetes. Changes in the electrolyte metabolism were transitory and do not require special laboratory monitoring.
Hormonal function of sexual glands and adrenals in monkeys of different age
Authors: Goncharova N. D. , Mkhitarova L. A.
Published: October 2019

The levels of bioactive LH, major sex and adrenal steroid hormones and their precursors in the system of biosynthesis were measured in the peripheral blood of 37 male Papio hamadryas of different age under baseline conditions and after injection of ACTH, LH releasing hormone, and human chorionic gonadotropin. The measurements were carried out in adult animals with the optimal reproductive characteristics (group 1, aged 6 to 9, and group 2, aged 10 to 15 years) and in aging males (group 3, aged 20 to 26 years). The levels of hydrocortisone and its immediate precursor in the biosynthesis chain of 11-deoxyhydrocortisone virtually did not change with age, whereas the concentrations of ∆5-precursors (pregnenolone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone) gradually reduced with aging. The levels of the major adrenal androgens dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate also appreciably decreased with age. The levels of sex hormones did not change between 6 and 15 years of age; but in animals aged 20 to 26 the concentration of testosterone showed a trend to reduction, and that of LH to increase. In group 3 the peaks of LH and testosterone secretion in response to LH releasing factor were delayed. On the other hand, the amplitude and duration of the increment of both LH and testosterone in response to LH releasing factor was virtually unchanged at all ages and was largely determined by the basal level of LH. The detected age-specific changes in the hormonal function of adrenals and sex glands of Papio hamadryas are much similar to those in humans.
Learning from Brexit
Authors: Lapavitsas Costas
Published: October 2019

As part of the exchange on the European Union, the United Kingdom, and the left, Costas Lapavitsas provides an extensive response to Neil Davidson's and Andy Storey's contributions.
The materialization of language in tourism networks
Authors: Higgins Christina , Ikeda Maiko
Published: October 2019

This article traces how new linguistic practices emerge alongside the development of tourism in Hawai‘i and Japan. We trace and describe two networks of tourism to illustrate how signs, speech, and embodied communication materialize in actor networks. We frame these new spatial repertoires as examples of language learning and language change that occurs as an effect of human mobility intersecting with material affordances in new environments. We compare the relatively new emergence of such spatial repertoires in Izumisano, a residential neighborhood in Oʻsaka, to the more established repertoires that have formed in Kailua, a residential beach town on O‘ahu in Hawai‘i. In Izumisano, we focus on the emergence of Chinese alongside English, and in Kailua, we examine the recent emergence of the Japanese language. In both contexts, we identify how language first emerges in written form on signs in relation to other actants such as pancakes, airports, and train stations. This signage later becomes part of the embodied actions by service providers who acquire multimodal verbal repertoires through their interactions with tourists.
The Pseudo-Spectral Collocation Method for Resonant Long-Short Nonlinear Wave Interaction
Authors: Rashid Abdur
Published: October 2019

A pseudo-spectral collocation method for a class of equations describing resonant long-short wave interaction is studied. Semi-discrete and fully discrete Fourier pseudo-spectral collocation schemes are given. In fully discrete case we establish a three-level explicit scheme which is convenient and saves time in real computation. We use energy estimation methods to obtain error estimates for the approximate solutions.
On the Convolution of Functions of Generalized Bounded Variations
Authors: Vyas Rajendra G.
Published: October 2019

Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be 2π periodic functions. If 𝑓 ∈ 𝐿1[0, 2π] and 𝑔 is from ∧ 𝐵𝑉(𝑝)[0, 2π] or, Lip(α, 𝑝)[0, 2π] or, 𝑟 – 𝐵𝑉 [0, 2π], then 𝑓 convolution 𝑔 inherit the same property.
Peer Review – Legal and Ethical Issues Faced by Medical Staff: The Mandate for Physician Leadership
Authors: Paterick Zachary R. , Paterick Timothy E.
Published: October 2019

Physicians working in hospitals face challenges when it comes to understanding and meeting the medical, legal, and ethical subjects outlined in the hospital bylaws. Hospital staff physicians and the hospital administration both aspire for high quality medical care and the assurance of patient safety. Unfortunately, when quality concerns surface, there can be reasonable differences of opinion as to whether a physician’s practice pattern met the accepted threshold of the standard of care. Such differences of opinion can lead to conflict that fuels a physician review. One complication for physicians is that many of the issues that surface at peer reviews are veiled in legal concepts and underpinnings for which physicians lack education, training, and familiarity. It would be prudent for all physicians working in hospitals to become familiar with the hospital bylaws and regulations. Physicians must take a leadership role in assuring fair and equitable peer review.
Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty After an Iatrogenic Subtrochanteric Fracture due to Hardware Removal: A Case Report
Authors: Castagnini Francesco , Bracci Giovanni , Tassinari Enrico , Biondi Federico
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) after proximal femoral fixation is a challenging procedure due to possible hardware-related complications. Case presentation: A 78-year-old female with hip osteoarthritis had a proximal femoral osteotomy fixed using a blade plate in the same femur 41 years ago. A two-step approach was planned. After a challenging hardware removal, an iatrogenic subtrochanteric fracture below the degenerated hip occurred after three months. THA with a tapered long stem was successfully performed with no need for additional osteosynthesis, and good results were seen two years later. Discussion: THAs in subtrochanteric fractures are technically demanding but feasible in selected cases. Hardware removal before THA implantation may carry important risks, and the surgical team should be prepared to perform arthroplasty in case of complications. Conclusion: THA in a subtrochanteric fracture below hip osteoarthritis is a feasible option in selected cases.
Off-Label Use of Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Survey of Italian Psychiatrists
Authors: Aguglia Andrea , Serafini Gianluca , Nebbia Jacopo , Salvi Virginio , Martinotti Giovanni , Corbo Mariangela , Signorelli Maria Salvina , Mineo Ludovico , Mencacci Claudio , Di Sciascio Guido , Biggio Giovanni , Aguglia Eugenio , Amore Mario
Published: October 2019

The guidelines for borderline personality disorder (BPD) treatment suggest non-pharmacological treatment as the first option, but second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are among the overprescribed medications. This study aimed to explore Italian psychiatrists' attitudes toward off-label use of SGAs in BPD. A randomly selected sample of Italian psychiatrists completed a questionnaire regarding off-label prescription of SGAs. Most respondents reported the off-label use of SGAs. Among the reasons supporting the prescription of SGAs, the presence of strong published data was the most determining factor (51.5%). The SGA olanzapine is considered the most appropriate, followed by quetiapine and aripiprazole. Although off-label prescription of SGAs represents a common clinical practice in accordance with a worldwide trend, the use of long-acting injection formulations was considered inappropriate by 69% of psychiatrists in our sample. Our results reiterate the discrepancy between everyday clinical practice and international recommendations, and show how relevant the literature is in off-label drug prescription.
Pheochromocytoma arising from an ectopic adrenal tissue in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A
Authors: Ohsugi Haruyuki , Takizawa Nae , Kinoshita Hidefumi , Matsuda Tadashi
Published: October 2019

A 21-year-old woman was referred to our hospital to treat bilateral pheochromocytomas (PCCs) after a diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A). We performed bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy. One year after the operation, urinary fractionated metanephrines in 24-h urine increased. MRI showed a 30 mm tumor on the interaortocaval region and 123I-MIBG concentrated in this area. We excised the tumor and performed para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Histopathologic examination confirmed a PCC arising from ectopic adrenal tissue. Urinary fractionated metanephrines in 24-h urine declined to basal levels immediately after the operation. We detected no recurrence of paraganglioma or PCC for 5 years after the treatment.

Learning points:

Most ectopic adrenal tissue is associated with no symptoms and contains only the adrenal cortex.

Adrenocortical tumors sometimes arise from ectopic adrenal tissues similarly to in the normal adrenal gland.

PCC arising from ectopic adrenal tissue occurs infrequently.

MEN2-related PCC is accompanied by adrenal medullary hyperplasia, which might be part of tumorigenesis.
EVALUATION OF THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF ETHANOL AND LEMONGRASS OIL AGAINST Aspergillus niger
Authors: My Dong Lieu , Thi Kim Thuy Dang
Published: October 2019

The aim of this work was to evaluate the antifungal efficiency of ethanol and lemongrass oil at the different concentrations, alone and in combination both against Aspergillus niger by agar disk diffusion method, mycelial growth inhibition and broth dilution method to determine MIC and MFC. The ultraviolet (UV) absorption and electrical conductivity of the culture supernatant were used to determine membrane integrity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) performed to observe A. niger spore morphology. The results showed that the MIC and MFC values of lemongrass oil (in tween 20 0.3% v/v) was 5 μL/mL and 250 ppm which were 100 and 200 times respectively lower than ethanol. The combination of lemongrass oil in tween 20 with ethanol (20% v/v) show the best result with the inhibition zone and MGI (%) was observed at 2.5 μL/mL and 100% respectively. The UV absorption and electrical conductivity values increased quickly after 16h incubated in the antimicrobial agents whereas there were almost unchanged in the control at the point of time. The SEM results show that, the morphological changes of the A. niger spores due to significant wrinkles and distortion in the samples treated by lemongrass oil or lemongrass oil combining with ethanol while the A. niger spores in ethanol show slight wrinkles. These suggest that ethanol has a synergic effect which enhances the antifungal activity of lemongrass oil. This combination is necessary to ensure the antimicrobial effect as well as reduce the amount of used essential oil.
Subtitling Song Lyrics in Films – Pilot Reception Research
Authors: Aleksandrowicz Paweł
Published: October 2019

The following article is based on a study into the reception of subtitled song lyrics in audiovisual translation. The study involved nine musicals subtitled into Polish and screened at a recurring cultural event every two weeks over a span of eight months. After each screening, a survey was distributed to investigate the perception of the target text: whether the audience could spot if the subtitles rhymed and respected the original rhythm, and whether the presence of rhymes and rhythm in song subtitles influenced audience satisfaction. The total number of songs tested was 88, and the total number of distributed surveys was 209. The results showed that the viewers were unable to recognize the presence or absence of the musical match – they tended to respond that the subtitles matched the music regardless whether the actual musical match of the translation was 70% or 5%. A high percentage of the surveys (40%) showed lack of attention towards the presence of rhymes. The responses of those who declared that they paid attention to rhymes were somewhat correct. Lastly, the results showed that the presence of the musical match and rhymes has little or no effect on the satisfaction with the subtitles.
Genótipos de café conilon e sua reação à ferrugem alaranjada
Authors: Mendonça Rodolfo Ferreira de , Jesus Junior Waldir Cintra de , Ferrão Maria Amélia Gava , Moraes Willian Bucker , Busato Laedio Magno , Ferrão Romário Gava , Tomaz Marcelo Antonio , Fonseca Aymbiré Francisco Almeida da
Published: October 2019

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de 54 clones de cafeeiro conilon oriundos do Programa de Melhoramento Genético do Incaper à ferrugem em condições controladas de temperatura e fotoperíodo. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições, sendo cada repetição composta por 16 discos de folha cada, acondicionados em gerbox e inoculados com 104 esporos.mL-1 de H. vastatrix. Os gerbox foram colocados sob ausência de luz e 22ºC por 48 horas e então em fotoperíodo de 12 horas até o término do experimento. Foram avaliados os componentes de resistência: período de incubação, período latente, incidência, porcentagem de discos com esporulação, número de esporos e severidade. Com base nos resultados verificou-se a formação de três grupos de genótipos de café conilon: Resistentes, Moderadamente Resistentes e Suscetíveis. No grupo Resistente foram alocados 19 genótipos, no grupo Moderadamente Resistente foram alocados 19 genótipos e no grupo Suscetível foram alocados 16 genótipos. Assim, com base nos resultados, conclui-se que há variação no nível de resistência dos genótipos de C. canephora à H. vastatrix. Tal informação subsidia os programas de melhoramento na seleção adequada de progênies de C. canephora quanto à resistência à ferrugem.
Potencial adaptativo de populações de Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA associadas ao arroz e à Urochloa brizantha ao estresse térmico
Authors: Ramos-Molina Lina Maria , Ceresini Paulo Cezar , Vicentini Samara Nunes Campos , Pereira Danilo Augusto dos Santos , Conceição Grace Ingrid , Silva-Herrera María del Rosario , Santos Pedro César dos
Published: October 2019

RESUMO Muitos fitopatógenos de ampla distribuição geográfica como os fungos fitopatogênicos do gênero Rhizoctonia, estão sujeitos a extremas flutuações de temperatura em seus habitats. Para sobreviver a tais flutuações térmicas, esses organismos desenvolveram a habilidade de regular seus valores fenotípicos para adaptações térmicas bem como a outras variações ambientais específicas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar o efeito do estresse térmico na evolucionabilidade para crescimento micelial de duas populações hospedeiro-distintas de Rhizocctonia solani AG-1 IA infectando arroz (OS6) ou Urochloa (BBT1) e compará-las a uma população de R. oryzae-sativae de arroz (OS5), espécie adaptada a temperaturas mais elevadas. As populações foram submetidas a duas temperaturas de crescimento: 25°C e 35°C (temperatura ótima e de estresse para R. solani AG-1 IA). Baseando-se em medidas do crescimento micelial, estimaram-se os coeficientes de variância genotípica (IG), variância ambiental (IE) e herdabilidade no sentido amplo (h2) como medidas de evolucionabilidade. Enquanto a população OS5 de R. oryzae-sativae foi pouco influenciada pelo estresse térmico, a 35oC detectou-se redução de h2 nas populações BBT1 e OS6 de R. solani AG-1 IA. Entretanto, os valores relativamente altos de h2 a 35oC (0,63 ± 0,07) indicaram que tanto a população BBT1 quanto a OS6 de R. solani AG-1 IA têm potencial de adaptação ao estresse térmico.
Caracterização de genótipos de soja com resistência parcial à ferrugem da soja
Authors: Juliatti Fernando Cezar , Mesquita Ana Carolina Oliveira , Teixeira Fernanda Gabriela , Beloti Igor Forigo , Mota Lara Caroline Borges Moreira , Fonseca Leandro Jamerson , Sousa Luciana Alves de , Souza Maria Stella Xavier de Araújo , Silva Nathália Salgado , Zancan Nayara Lima Baute , Morais Tâmara Prado de
Published: October 2019

RESUMO A ferrugem asiática da soja (FAS), causada pelo fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi, é uma das doenças mais severas na cultura. Dentre as estratégias para seu manejo propõe-se a utilização de genótipos com resistência horizontal ou parcial, ainda restritos no mercado, mas promissores pela durabilidade da resistência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de diferentes genótipos de soja à ferrugem asiática para futura utilização em programas de melhoramento. Na safra 2015/2016, foram avaliados 11 genótipos de soja provenientes do LAGER-UFU e a cultivar Desafio 8473 (padrão de suscetibilidade) frente à infecção artificial e natural de P. pachyrhizi no campo. Com os dados de severidade da FAS, calculou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). O percentual de área foliar afetada e os valores da AACPD dos genótipos avaliados oscilaram de 1,56 a 80,75 e de 380,62 a 975,62, respectivamente. Os genótipos L-210, L-166, L-268, L-203, L-279, L-224, L-216 e L-218 apresentam menores valores de AACPD, indicando resistência parcial, enquanto os genótipos L-144, L-104, L-266 e a cv. Desafio 8473 apresentaram maiores valores de AACPD, portanto, com menor resistência parcial ou suscetíveis. Ainda assim, os genótipos L-144, L-104 e L-266 apresentaram coeficientes de progresso da severidade da doença de 1,8 a 2,0 vezes menores comparativamente à cv. Desafio 8473. Conclui-se que os genótipos do Programa de Melhoramento Genético da UFU (LAGER-UFU), apresentam potencial de utilização no desenvolvimento de cultivares de soja resistentes à P. pachyrhizi.
Avaliação da resistência de progênies de Eucalyptus grandis para mancha foliar de Cylindrocladium e Kirramyces
Authors: Rezende Eduardo Henrique , Duin Izabela Moura , Coelho Thiare Aparecida do Valle , Soares Izabele Domingues , Higa Antonio Rioyei , Santos Álvaro Figueredo dos , Silva Luciana Duque , Auer Celso Garcia
Published: October 2019

RESUMO Durante o cultivo do eucalipto existem várias doenças que podem limitar sua produtividade, tal como as manchas foliares causadas por Cylindrocladium spp. e Kirramyces epicoccoides. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência de progênies de Eucalyptus grandis a estas doenças. O teste de progênie com 176 progênies e três testemunhas comerciais para comparação foi instalado em dois locais: Anhembi e Itatinga, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As avaliações de incidência e severidade de mancha foliar foram realizadas, aos 12 e 24 meses de idade (Anhembi) e aos 15 e 27 meses de idade (Itatinga). A severidade foi avaliada com uma escala que variou de um (sadia) a cinco (desfolha até 2/3 da copa). A incidência e severidade média obtida pelas progênies foram comparadas com as testemunhas (variedades comerciais) e entre locais. Foi realizado também a espacialização da doença nas áreas do teste. Algumas progênies apresentaram severidade média menor às testemunhas comerciais, indicando potencial para uso em programas de melhoramento para resistência à mancha foliar. Existe variação entre as progênies em relação a resistência a mancha foliar, logo a possibilidade de se obter ganhos com a seleção entre as melhores progênies.
Determination of the most susceptible phenological stage of rice panicles to infection by species of Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Scheidt Bruno Tabarelli , Casa Ricardo Trezzi , Fiorentin Otávio Ajala , Martins Flávio Chupel , Kuhnem Paulo , Lima Amanda de , Farias Mônica
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT Occurrence of rice seeds infected by Fusarium graminearum has shown the importance of identifying the most favorable phenological stage of panicles to grain infection. The experiments were conducted in two crop seasons under greenhouse conditions, using the rice hybrid INOV CL. The phenological stages during inoculation were complete booting, full heading and flowering. All plots were inoculated using two isolates of Fusarium graminearium species complex 15A (F. graminearium - 15-ADON) and FmNiv (F. meridionale - Nivalenol). Disease severity was estimated at weekly intervals and was used to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), while panicles were collected to determine the percentage of spotted grains and Fusarium incidence. Percentage of spotted grains and incidence of F. graminearum and F. meridionale were greater when inoculation was made during flowering stage, significantly differing from heading and booting stages. Rice flowering stage is more susceptible to infection by F. graminearum and F. meridionale, inducing higher disease severity and incidence of spotted grains, as well as presence of fungi in the grains. Flowering was the most susceptible stage in the two crop seasons for both isolates, and the complete booting stage presented the lowest values of AUDPC.
Mycelial growth and sporulation of Apoharknessia eucalyptorum on different culture media
Authors: Garrett Alexandre Techy de Almeida , Santos Álvaro Figueredo , Figueiredo Filho Afonso , Tambarussi Evandro Vagner , Gonçalves Arthur Birais , Garcia Flávio Augusto de Oliveira
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT Apoharknessia eucalyptorum was first described in 2017 and identified on leaves of Eucalyptus dunnii in Southern Brazil. However, information about in vitro cultivation for complementary studies is lacking. In the present study, leaves of E. dunnii were inoculated to demonstrate the pathogenicity of A. eucalyptorum, and growth and sporulation were evaluated at temperatures of 15, 20, and 25°C on four culture media: malt extract agar (MEA); potato dextrose agar (PDA); V8 juice agar (V8); and bean dextrose agar (BEAN), under constant lighting. Apoharknessia eucalyptorum caused leaf blight on the inoculated leaves. The best conditions for mycelial growth were at 25°C on PDA, BEAN and MEA. Considering sporulation, optimal conditions were 25°C for all tested media and 20°C for PDA and BEAN. Colony characteristics changed with temperature; at 15°C colonies formed a fluffy mycelium, whereas at 25°C mycelium spread across the medium forming dark margins lined by dirty-white mycelium and conidia. The conditions indicated for in vitro growth and sporulation of A. eucalyptorum are the culture media MEA, PDA and BEAN at 25°C