bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Problematic is an Unpopulated Hell?
Authors: R Gillham Alex
Published: February 2021

The Problem of Suffering (PoS) claims that there is tension between the existence of a perfect God and suffering. The Problem of Hell (PoH) is a version of PoS claiming that a perfect God would lack morally sufficient reasons to allow individuals to be damned to Hell eternally. A few traditional solutions have been developed to PoH, but each of them is problematic. As such, if there is a solution to PoH that is resilient to these problems, then it deserves our attention. In this paper, I develop such a solution. I call this the Unpopulated Hell View (UHV), which claims that Hell exists as a place where eternal damnation could take place, although it never does. First, I explain how UHV solves PoH. Next, I develop four objections against UHV and defend UHV against them. I argue that although some of these objections do more damage to UHV than others, UHV has satisfying responses to all of them. Ultimately I conclude that UHV merits consideration as a novel solution to PoH because it is less problematic than the traditional ones.
The Relationship Between Health Outcomes and Health Expenditure in Europe by Using Compositional Data Analysis
Authors: Drastichová Magdaléna , Filzmoser Peter
Published: February 2021

The type of health system in each country and the resources devoted to it determine its outcomes. Relationships between ratios of expenditure to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) classified by provider and indicators reflecting health outcomes in 2015 are examined for 30 countries by means of a compositional data analysis and a regression analysis. The countries in the sample are the European Union (EU-28) countries plus Iceland and Norway. The outcome indicators used are life expectancy at birth (LE); healthy life years in absolute value at birth for females (HLYf) and for males (HLYm); and death rate due to chronic diseases (DR) (response variables). The results indicate that the higher the ratio of expenditure on retailers and other providers of medical goods in relation to other types of expenditure in the composition, the higher the DR indicator and the lower the LE indicator. The ratio of expenditure on residential long-term care facilities in the composition seems to have had a positive effect on both HLY indicators. The effect of expenditure ratios on providers of healthcare system administration and financing is not straightforward.
Osieczna – development possibilities as a health and SPA resort
Authors: Adamska Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

In recent years, the interest in balneological, relaxation and beauty treatments has increased. Peloid is the most expensive SPA product, just after manual massage, and Osieczna has natural deposits of this porous, unpolluted peat, which has an overheating, bactericidal, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effect. Therefore, study on development possibilities of aforementioned area, are especially important for national economy and business, taking local truism into account (pandemic problematics). According to mentioned highlights, this work was divided into four parts: Osieczna (location, historical context, natural values and cultural heritage resources), existing tourist accommodation, possible directions for the development of the tourist base and conclusions – guidelines for the design of new resorts (explains why Osieczna has a great potential to become a health and SPA resort).
Androgen Deficiency in Long-Term Intrathecal
Opioid Administration
Authors: Kim Chong H.
Published: February 2021

Background: Intrathecal drug delivery of opioids is an efficient and effective treatment option
for pain management in the chronic nonmalignant pain population. As with all treatments, in
addition to the benefits, risks and side effects exist. One such risk in intrathecal opioids is
opioid-induced androgen deficiency.
Objective: This study evaluates opioid-induced androgen deficiency in long-term intrathecal
opioid administration in chronic nonmalignant pain.
Study Design: Case series. Sixteen consecutive patients with intrathecal drug delivery with
opioids were screened for androgen deficiency.
Setting: Academic university-based pain management center.
Method: All the subjects were seen in a 2 month period, during a scheduled maintenance refill
visit. Eight consecutive men and eight consecutive women receiving intrathecal drug delivery
therapy for non-malignant chronic pain were ordered blood work and asked to complete a
questionnaire. Patient and patient-related data were also collected.
Results: Ten of the 16 (62.5%) patients were found to have androgen deficiency, 4 of 8 men
based on free testosterone levels and 6 of 8 women based on DHEA levels. In men, erectile
dysfunction correlated with endocrine dysfunction (P = 0.02) while depressive symptoms
correlated in women (P = .03). Overall, 2 of the 16 patients had hydromorphone as the opioid
in the intrathecal system. Both patients had normal endocrine functions. Both patients with
hydromorphone were men and the use of hydromorphone showed an insignificant trend (P
= 0.06). Three of the 4 men with normal endocrine functions had in addition to an opioid,
bupivacaine, in the intrathecal system. The presence of bupivicaine in men was significant (P =
0.02). No women had bupivicaine while one of the 8 women had clonidine in addition to the
opioid. Presence of another substance in addition to the opioid showed an insignificant trend
(P = 0.08).
Limitations: Study limitations include the small sample size and case series nature.
Additionally the symptoms data was solely based on subjective patient reports.

Conclusions: Androgen deficiency is common in patients treated with intrathecal opioids
for chronic nonmalignant pain. Patients experience numerous and wide ranging symptoms.
Erectile dysfunction may be more suggestive for androgen deficiency in men while complaints
of depressed mood may be correlative in women. Additionally, combining bupivicaine with the
intrathecal opioid may provide a protective role.
Key words: Androgen deficiency, endocrine dysfunction, chronic nonmalignant pain,
intrathecal opioid, intrathecal drug delivery, side effects
Comprehensive Evidence-Based Guidelines for
Facet Joint Interventions in the Management
of Chronic Spinal Pain: American Society of
Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) Guidelines
Authors: Manchikanti Laxmaiah
Published: February 2021

Background: Chronic axial spinal pain is one of the major causes of significant disability and
health care costs, with facet joints as one of the proven causes of pain.
Objective: To provide evidence-based guidance in performing diagnostic and therapeutic facet
joint interventions.
Methods: The methodology utilized included the development of objectives and key questions
with utilization of trustworthy standards. The literature pertaining to all aspects of facet joint
interventions, was reviewed, with a best evidence synthesis of available literature and utilizing
grading for recommendations.
Summary of Evidence and Recommendations:
Non-interventional diagnosis:
• The level of evidence is II in selecting patients for facet joint nerve blocks at least 3
months after onset and failure of conservative management, with strong strength of
recommendation for physical examination and clinical assessment.
• The level of evidence is IV for accurate diagnosis of facet joint pain with physical examination
based on symptoms and signs, with weak strength of recommendation.
Imaging:
• The level of evidence is I with strong strength of recommendation, for mandatory
fluoroscopic or computed tomography (CT) guidance for all facet joint interventions.
• The level of evidence is III with weak strength of recommendation for single photon
emission computed tomography (SPECT) .
• The level of evidence is V with weak strength of recommendation for scintography,
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) .
Interventional Diagnosis:
Lumbar Spine:
• The level of evidence is I to II with moderate to strong strength of recommendation
for lumbar diagnostic facet joint nerve blocks.
• Ten relevant diagnostic accuracy studies with 4 of 10 studies utilizing controlled comparative
local anesthetics with concordant pain relief criterion standard of ≥ 80% were included.
• The prevalence rates ranged from 27% to 40% with false-positive rates of 27% to 47%, with
≥ 80% pain relief.Limitations: The limitations of these guidelines include a paucity of high-quality studies in the majority of aspects of diagnosis
and therapy.
Conclusions: These facet joint interventions guidelines were prepared with a comprehensive review of the literature with
methodologic quality assessment with determination of level of evidence and strength of recommendations
Key words: Chronic spinal pain, interventional techniques, diagnostic blocks, therapeutic interventions, facet joint nerve blocks,
intraarticular injections, radiofrequency neurolysis
Comparing the Safety and Effectiveness of
Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation on Genicular
Nerve, Intraarticular Pulsed Radiofrequency with
Steroid Injection in the Pain Management of Knee
Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yao Peng
Published: February 2021

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is characterized by the clinical symptoms of chronic knee
pain and knee dysfunction, leading to disability and influencing the quality of life in severe cases.
Radiofrequency treatment is a new method to reduce KOA-related pain and partially improve knee
joint dysfunction without adverse effect.
Objective: The present study aimed to assess the treatment efficacy of radiofrequency
thermocoagulation on the genicular nerve (RFTGN) and intraarticular pulsed radiofrequency
(IAPRF) for KOA.
Study Design: Retrospective comparative study design.
Setting: This study took place at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University.
Method: KOA patients were randomly assigned to the RFTGN, IAPRF, and intraarticular
steroid injection (IAS) groups. All procedures were performed under the guidance of computed
tomography (CT). The observation indicators of this study were the numeric rating scale (NRS),
Oxford knee scale (OKS), and perceived global effect (GPE). The time points for the assessment
were 1-week, 1-month, 3-months, and 6-months after the treatment.
Results: The postoperative NRS scores in the 3 groups decreased significantly at all the observation
time points as compared to the pretreatment scores (P < 0.05). For the patients in the IAS group,
the analgesic effect was in a rebound trend, which was the best at 1-week posttreatment, and was
close to the preoperative level at 6-months posttreatment. The short-term (1 week or 1 month)
analgesic effect of the RFTGN group was better than that of the IAPRF group, and was similar in
the long-term (3 or 6 months). The long-term analgesic effect of RFTGN and IAPRF groups was
better than that of IAS group. The results of the OKS score were similar to the NRS score. The
RFTGN group showed markedly improved knee function in the long-term than the IAPRF and IAS
groups. The short-term treatment satisfaction was similar in each group, and some differences
were detected between the groups with respect to long-term treatment satisfaction.
Limitation: This study was a single-center retrospective study with a relatively small sample
cohort and short follow-up period
Conclusion: Both RFTGN and IAPRF could alleviate the knee joint pain and improve the knee
joint dysfunction; however, the treatment efficacy of RFTGN was better than that of IAPRF.
Key words: radiofrequency thermocoagulation, genicular nerve, pulsed radiofrequency, knee
osteoarthritis, knee pain, intraarticular, steroid
Wind Power Source Role in Sizing Battery Energy Storage System for Secondary Frequency Application
Authors: Alshahrani Salem
Published: February 2021

Make use of battery energy storage system (BESS) to regulate frequency measures after introducing wind power source. The secondary frequency control is the main application of utilizing the BESS
Understanding the hand-gestures using Convolutional Neural Networks and Generative Adversial Networks
Authors: Vats Arpita
Published: February 2021

In this paper, it is introduced a hand gesture recognition system to recognize the characters in the real time. The system consists of three modules: real time hand tracking, training gesture and gesture recognition using Convolutional Neural Networks. Camshift algorithm and hand blobs analysis for hand tracking are being used to obtain motion descriptors and hand region. It is fairy robust to background cluster and uses skin color for hand gesture tracking and recognition. Furthermore, the techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of the recognition and the accuracy using the approaches like selection of the training images and the adaptive threshold gesture to remove non-gesture pattern that helps to qualify an input pattern as a gesture. In the experiments, it has been tested to the vocabulary of 36 gestures including the alphabets and digits, and results effectiveness of the approach.
Pengaruh Metode Suku Kata Mengunakan Media Kartu Huruf terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Siswa Kelas I SD Muhammadiyah Majaran Kabupaten Sorong
Authors: Havisa Shalatsi , Solehun Solehun , Putra Teguh Yuliandri
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh medote suku kata menggunakan media kartu huruf terhadap kemampuan membaca permulaan siswa kelas I SD Muhammadiyah Majaran Kabupaten Sorong. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen, dengan desain Pre-Exsperimental Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SD Muhammadiyah majaran Kabupaten Sorong dengan sampel kelas I yang berjumlah 14 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah lembar observasi siswa, RPP, instrument kemampuan membaca dan media kartu huruf. Data yang diperoleh pada penelitian selanjutnya diuji normalitas sebagai uji prasyarat untuk melakukan uji hipotesis.Uji hipotesis yang digunakan yaitu N-Gain dan One Sampel t-Test. Hasil uji realibilitas soal pre test diperoleh Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0.617 dan uji realibilitas soal post test sebesar 0,647. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai rata-rata pre test 58,93 dan nilai post test 80,86. Dari perhitungan One Sampel t-test diperoleh thitung>ttabel yaitu 4,637 >2,160  Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode suku kata menggunakan media kartu huruf memberi pengaruh terhadap kemampuan membaca siswa dimana kemampuan membaca siswa menjadi meningkat.
El diálogo teológico entre las Iglesias Católica y Ortodoxa: Primado y sinodalidad. Aproximaciones comunes y divergenc
Authors: Salachas Dimitrios
Published: February 2021

En este año 2019 se cumplen casi cuarenta años del inicio del diálogo teológico oficial entre las Iglesias católica y
ortodoxa, inaugurado el 29 de mayo de 1980 en la isla sagrada
de Patmos, en el monasterio del Apocalipsis y continuado en
la isla de Rodas en Grecia. El desarrollo de este Diálogo fue
encomendado a una Comisión especial Internacional mixta,
compuesta por cincuenta miembros teólogos (obispos, sacerdotes y laicos: mitad católicos y mitad ortodoxos) que ha tenido
hasta ahora 14 sesiones plenarias; la decimocuarta tuvo lugar
en Chieti en Italia (del 15 al 22 de septiembre de 2016)
Sinodalidad y Primacía en el primer milenio. Hacia una comprensión común en el servicio a la unidad de la Ig
Authors: Rodríguez Garrapucho Fernando.
Published: February 2021

Decimocuarta reunión de la Comisión Mixta Internacional para
el Diálogo teológico entre la Iglesia católica romana y las Iglesias
ortodoxas bizantinas, Chieti, 21 de septiembre de 2016*
Smart cities: existing security problems and their solutions
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Neft və Sənaye Universiteti, Hajimahmud Abdullayev Vugar , Alyag Abuzarova Vusala ,   Azərbaycan Dövlət Neft və Sənaye Universiteti
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the study of cyber security problems in the Smart Cities system. The development of the IT industry has led to the introduction of new technologies into our lives. One of these technologies is the Internet of Things technology. The application of IoT technology has increased in recent years. One of the most important areas in which Internet of Things technology is applied is the Smart Cities system. The main difference between smart cities and other cities is that their components are connected to each other via the Internet. All these smart devices create a smart city system in general. One of the biggest and most important problems in many areas where the Internet is used is security. The article looks at possible security problems in the system of smart cities and solutions to ensure cyber security. Key words: Smart city; Internet of Things; Information technologies; Security; Cyber security
Use of computer for formation and development of practical skills of students in learning process of “straightforward uniform movement and straightforward uneven movement” in physics for VII classes
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Pedaqoji Universiteti, Hasan Mammadtagiyeva Tarana
Published: February 2021

The presented article indicates the methods of teaching the lesson on the example of the topic “ Uniform Motion and Non-uniform Motion” for VII classes “Physics” both in full-time and in remote (synchronized) form, as well as the movement of the DCM object (dynamic computer model). The result was obtained by conducting studies and calculations on the model using Excel. According to the results of the course, it was revealed that the student comments on the mechanical motion along the sings, using computer programs and summarizing, knows how to summarize his observations. On the other hand, the article states that computer models differ in time by static and dynamic factors. And dynamic computer models differ in “controlled” and “unmanaged” computer models. Key words: computer, model, animation, practical skills, event, speed, time
Written monuments from Irtysh and Zhetysu from Kazakhstan
Authors:   Қожа Ахмет Ясауи атындағы Халақаралық қазақ-түрік университеті, Dandeyevich Bekzhan Orynbay
Published: February 2021

From the middle of the XIX century, on the territory of Kazakhstan, from the surface of the earth and archaeological excavations, ancient inscriptions written in silver bowls, bracelets, bronze mirrors in large numbers began to be found. Currently, the number of such Turkic runic inscriptions is increasing every year. The first of Kazakhstan scientists who found and tried to reveal their meanings was A.Amanzholov. He named such inscriptions found from Kazakhstan, summarizing them according to local values, such as the Irtysh, Ili, Syrdarya and Ural. One of the Irtysh inscriptions tells about the dangers of vodka and wine for human life. And the second tells about the coolness inside the mountain gorge. In the inscriptions found from the Zhetysu region, attention was paid to hunting. They describe the sensitivity and highest caution of a mountain goat. On the Talgar inscription the words are written about yarn and spinning profession. In one of the Aulie-Ata inscriptions, the phrase “my word” is written on the seal, and on a large stone about the enormity of the country of Karakhanids. And in the Syrdarya inscription the greatness of the Syr Darya river is mentioned. Key words: Issyk letter, Irtysh, ancient inscriptions, seal, jug cover
TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTION EDUCATION ON KNOWLEDGE AND HANDWASHING PRACTICES IN SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN IN THE ERA OF PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Dewi Lingga Curnia , Pratiwi Ika Nur , Tristiana Rr Dian
Published: February 2021

Washing hands is important to prevent various infectious diseases, including Covid-19. School-age children are a population at risk who must practice proper hand hygiene. This study aims to examine the effect of Transmission-Based Precaution (TBP) on knowledge and practice of hand washing in school age children. A total of 20 schoolchildren living in Islamic boarding schools participated in this study. Education is carried out in one meeting. The data was collected by filling out a questionnaire on knowledge and hand washing practices pre and post education. The results showed that providing TPB education increased knowledge about hand washing (p = 0.010), but it was not significant for hand washing practices (p = 0.282). Increasing knowledge should also pay attention to the attitude of school children in hand washing behavior. The process of providing education will be more embedded in school children after repeatedly implementing hand washing properly. The teachers and classmates involved can participate in hygiene education to encourage the hand washing behavior of students in areas at high risk of infectious diseases, especially Covid-19.
IMPROVING COMMUNITY AWARENESS ON PREVENTION OF COVID-19 TRANSMISSION THROUGH SHARING EXPERIENCES BY NURSES AND SURVIVOR
Authors: Wahyudi Andri Setiya , Asmoro Candra Panji , Zulkarnain Hakim , Tirmidzi Achmad
Published: February 2021

The situation of the increasingly massive spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia has forced several countries to issue travel restrictions for their citizens entering Indonesia, as well as prohibiting Indonesian citizens from visiting their country. Health promotion is needed that can raise the awareness of Indonesian citizens to adhere to health protocols. This community service activity seeks to increase public awareness by sharing experiences from survivor and nurses of Covid-19 patients at community health services (CHS) and in field hospitals. Health promotion through webinars, which are open publicly and for free, took place on September 29, 2020. Webinars through the Zoom application and broadcast live streaming on Youtube media with the channel name "baca baca baca". The two media were chosen with the intention of making health education activities accessible to many people at any time so that the achievement of the goals could also be broader. The number of participants in Zoom media when conducting the webinar according to the previous plan is at least 50 people (54 people). The number of viewers via Youtube media exceeds the planned output of more than 100 viewers (326 people) in three months. Awareness improvement of the general public in complying with health protocols in preventing Covid-19 transmission is built through a good perception of this. Good perceptions are built through correct knowledge. The webinar method has also proven not to be an obstacle to providing health promotion to the public.
MENTAL HEALTH OF A PERSON AS A CRITERION OF PERSONAL PARTICIPATION IN THE TRIAL DURING CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Tatsiy Vasyl Y. , Tyshchenko Olga I. , Titko Ivan A.
Published: February 2021

The aim of this work is to identify and analyze the key positions of the ECHR in the context of respect for the right to a fair trial (Article 6 of the European Convention on
Human Rights (hereinafter – the Convention)) of a person suffering from mental disorders in criminal proceedings concerning the application of compulsory medical measures (hereinafter referred to as CMM); formulation of scientifically substantiated proposals for determining the restriction legality criteria of the right of a person suffering from a mental disorder to personal participation in the trial.
Materials and methods: During the preparation of the article, the following was processed: scientific research on ensuring the rights of persons suffering from mental disorders
in criminal proceedings; provisions of international agreements on the provision of psychiatric care; the legal position of the ECHR on the observance of the right to a fair trial of persons suffering from mental disorders (6 decisions were analyzed in which the ECHR addressed these issues in the context of the requirements of Article 6 of the Convention); criminal procedural legislation of individual states; the results of a survey conducted by the authors of 88 judges (judges of local courts of Ukraine) on key issues of ensuring the participation of a person suffering from a mental disorder in a court hearing. In the process of research a set of general scientific and special methods of cognition was used (comparative-legal method, systemic-structural method, generalization method, method of analysis and synthesis, method of sociological research, method of expert assessments, etc.).
Results: According to the results of the research: a) the legal positions of the ECHR to ensure the right of a person suffering from a mental disorder to a fair trial are identified and generalized (Article 6 of the Convention); b) criteria for the legality of restricting the right of a person suffering from a mental disorder to personal participation in the trial are proposed.
Conclusions: An analysis of the ECHR's key positions led to the conclusion that there was a violation of a person's right to a fair trial in national case law (Article 6 of the
Convention), due in part to the lack of clear criteria for legally restricting a person's right to a trial.
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON IMPROVING THE LEGAL REGULATION OF PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHT TO HEALTH
Authors: Omelchuk Oleh M. , Shevchuk Inna V. , Danilova Anna V.
Published: February 2021

The aim: Theoretical and methodological substantiation of the impact of COVID-19 on the implementation of state policy on the protection of human right to health in terms
of improving the legal framework in the field of demographic security.
Materials and methods: The main research materials are the norms of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Conventions for the Protection
of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the legal framework of the countries that have adopted temporary quarantine measures. This research is based on empirical and analytical data from WHO, Bloomberg's financial information provider. During the research, the following methods have been used: statistical, system-structural analysis, content-analysis, comparison, grouping and forecasting.
Conclusions: Under the conditions of pandemic, attention should be paid to strengthening both administrative and criminal liability for violating quarantine, which will serve as a prerequisite for improving the legal mechanism of combating threats to the country's demographic security. The protection of the right to health requires the state to create conditions to prevent the risk of occupational diseases among health care workers and others involved in the response to COVID-19.
ENSURING RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS IN THE CONTEXT OF STATES' MEASURES INTRODUCTION TO COMBAT THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Horodovenko Viktor V. , Udovyka Larysa G. , Dichko Hanna O.
Published: February 2021

The aim: To suggest the ways and means for ensuring respect for human rights and freedoms in the context of introduction of states' measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic based on the generalization of European experience and systematization of recommendations of international and European institutions.
Materials and methods: In thise research we applied a complex of philosophical and ideological approaches, general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition, in particular civilizational and axiological approaches as well as dialectical, comparative legal and statistical methods.
The empirical basis of the study is represented by the statistical data of the healthcare sector of European countries, generalization of the practice of countering the pandemic spread. In this study we used international and European regulatory legal acts and documents in the field of human rights, national legislations of foreign countries.
Conclusions: Derogation from the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights in the context of introduction of measures to combat the СOVID-19 pandemic
is a common problem for European countries, which requires emergency measures introduction by the governments of these countries; the measures introduced should be legal, necessary, non-discriminatory, with a certain specific focus and duration; ensuring respect for human rights and freedoms requires deliberate, timely and effective legal, organizational forms and methods of states' activities and international cooperation.
LEGAL REGULATION OF BIOETHICAL ISSUES IN THE LIGHT OF MEDICAL SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENTS
Authors: Akhtyrska Nataliia M. , Kostiuchenko Olena Yu.
Published: February 2021

The aim: To identify issues of legal support for the use of genetics' advances in medicine, reproductive technologies, etc. and to identify criteria for admissibility of safe and ethical implementation of scientific results. Materials and methods: The analysis of international acts, legislation of European countries, scientific reports on the results of achievements in medicine, in particular, the study and modification of DNA. Decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and a sample survey were used. The study is based on a combination of philosophical approaches, theoretical (dialectical, logical, historical, analysis and synthesis), specific legal and sociological methods of scientific knowledge. Conclusions: It is necessary to adopt at the UN level the Convention on the Control of Genetic Programming, to clearly define international cooperation in the field of prevention and counteraction to experiments on editing the genome of the “best man”. Governments should adopt regulations based on certain standards of “preservation of human genetic identity”, to establish the order of location of laboratories or other institutions on the territory of the states conducting research with genetic material.
GENDER INEQUALITY IN HEALTHCARE IN TERMS OF EMPLOYMENT AND REMUNERATION: LEGAL MEANS OF OVERCOMING THE PROBLEM
Authors: Kostiuchenko Olena Y. , Hots-Yakovlieva Olha V. , Sayenko Julia O.
Published: February 2021

The aim: To determine the nature of gender inequalities in the field of healthcare according to the criteria of employment and remuneration and to outline legal means to overcome this problem.
Materials and methods: Reports of international organizations (World Health Organization, International Labour Organization, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development); Ukrainian non-governmental organizations' reports and statistics of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The study is based on theoretical and empirical methods.
Conclusions: To overcome the problems associated with gender inequality in healthcare, we need to use legal means intended to implement the concept of decent work for women who work in the medical profession. This concept should include: removing barriers of women's employment in healthcare, support to women's careers and gender parity on management positions at healthcare facilities; establishing the minimum wage of healthcare employees at the level of the average wage in the country; creation of a specific entity (e.g. commission) to consider cases of gender discrimination against women in the healthcare sector; establishing salary bonuses for women-healthcare employees who have children, and other legal mechanisms.
LEGAL ENFORCEMENT OF STATE AID CONTROL IN THE FIELD OF HEALTHCARE: EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
Authors: Bobkova Antonina G. , Zakharchenko Andrii M. , Pavliuchenko Yuliia M.
Published: February 2021

The aim: The purpose of this article is to concretize the directions of improving legal support of control over the state aid in the field of health care.
Materials and methods: The study analyzed the sources of the European Union law and legislative acts of Ukraine on the provision of state aid to business entities, relevant
materials of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, including more than 20 decisions taken by this body based on the notification review results of the state aid provision in
the field of health care. The methodological basis of the research consists of general and special methods of scientific research, in particular, dialectical, analytical-synthetic, system-structural, formal-logical, comparative legal methods.
Conclusions: Based on the results of the study directions for improving legal support for state aid control in public health sector have been proposed, in particular, legal
qualification of the activities of health care providers, determining whether certain types of public health activities belong to those that constitute a common economic interest and finalizing the criteria used to assess admissibility of state aid in this area.
BUDGETARY TRANSFER AS A TOOL FOR FINANCING THE HEALTH SECTOR: THEORETICAL LEGAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Lukashev Oleksandr A. , Krynytskyi Ihor Y. , Broiakov Serhii V.
Published: February 2021

The aim: The purpose of the study is to: a) determine the purpose of budget transfers in the field of medicine; b) determine the characteristics that characterize budget transfers in the health sector; c) establish the significance of budget transfers in those jurisdictions in which the system of health insurance operates.
Materials and methods: The empirical basis of the study was the Report of the Minister of Health of Singapore, Information on the subvention section for 2019-2020 in Hong
Kong, the Budget forecast of the US Congress for 2019, Reports of the Accounts Chamber of Ukraine for 2017, 2018 and 2019. Within the framework of this study, the following special legal methods of scientific knowledge were applied: comparative legal method, a normative-dogmatic method and a logical-legal method. The “case study” method was also widely used in this research.
Conclusions: Budget transfers in the field of medicine is a socially important institution of budget law. Budget transfers in the health care sector can be characterized by the
following features: a) sectoral nature (health care sector) b) specific budgetary directions (movement of funds from the state to local budgets) c) widespread use (used both in states with medical insurance and in states where the health sector is entirely publicly funded).
CURRENT ISSUES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF SURROGATE MATERNITY AND ENFORCEMENT OF RIGHTS OF SURROGATE MOTHERS
Authors: Kuchynska Oksana P. , Kashyntseva Oksana Yu. , Shchyhol Oleh V.
Published: February 2021

The aim: To propose effective jurisdictional methods in the field of legal regulation of surrogacy and ensuring the rights of surrogate mothers in the EU.
Materials and methods: The research is based on international documents in the field of surrogacy, Ukrainian legislation, decisions of the European Court of Human Rights,
scientists' works in the field of legal regulation of surrogacy, etc. General scientific methods (synthesis, induction, system method) and specific scientific methods (comparative legal and special legal methods) are used.
Conclusions: The study found that today some issues related to the surrogacy legal nature, conditions and procedure for its implementation remain out of the EU's attention. It is established that the adoption of a separate regional (within the EU) legal act will fully solve the existing problems, ensuring the effectiveness and transparency of surrogacy, will unify the medical tourism's mechanisms in the field of surrogacy. The authors have developed and proposed to enshrine the main provisions on surrogacy in the EU Regulation / Directive.
SOCIAL DANGER OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND THE NEED FOR REHABILITATION OF ITS VICTIMS
Authors: Volodina Oksana О. , Haltsova Viktoriia V. , Kharytonov Sergiy O.
Published: February 2021

The aim: To investigate the social danger of domestic violence, find out its principal manifestations, consequences, and impact on women and minors' health. Based on the acquired knowledge, to suggest ways to overcome this problem, which will minimize the consequences of domestic violence.
Materials and methods: The authors studied and analyzed international legal acts, Ukraine's legislation, and scientific publications on domestic violence. The method of
statistical processing of analytical data of the World Health Organization (hereinafter - WHO), the Institute of Demography and Social Research at the request of the UN Population Fund, the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine (for 2017 - first half of 2020) were used. A comparative method of research was useful in comparing the number of cases of domestic violence in Ukraine and Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion: It is concluded that domestic violence is a socially dangerous act that negatively affects all family members, as it causes significant damage to health and life. The most dangerous are the consequences of domestic violence on the physical and mental health of women and minors, who are particularly vulnerable to this negative manifestation. Rehabilitation is said to help minimize the effects of domestic violence, restore the physical and mental health of victims, and return them to normal social life.
COERCED STERILIZATION AS A REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS VIOLATION
Authors: Iemelianenko Volodymyr , Alesia Gornostay , Nataliya Maslak
Published: February 2021

The aim: To outline and systematize the issues related to violations and restrictions on the realization of the right to reproduction. To develop propositions and recommendations on improving the prevention and combating various manifestations of coerced sterilization.
Materials and methods: Theoretical basis for studying this issue includes scientific publications, research of the legislative systems of different countries, the conclusions
of international non-governmental organizations. The authors of the paper have also taken into account international regulations, including UN Conventions and Directives,
decisions of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), as well as analytical data provided by international organizations. Determinants in the study of this problem are the analysis, synthesis and generalization of the experience and legislative base of foreign countries, which are closely related to formal and comparative methods. Systematic, structural, dialectical and statistical methods have been also used in this paper to substantiate the problem of sterilization.
Conclusions: The most radical decision to refuse from reproduction is surgical sterilization (defertilization). It can be classified as voluntary, forced and coerced. The problems of preventing and combating coerced sterilization are among the most difficult ones. Bribery and mental coercion of persons in order to obtain consent for sterilization are either not regulated by law and do not entail any liability, including criminal, or even are part of the state government policy to regulate the number of citizens in overpopulated countries, HIV-infected people, including prisoners or transgender people.
EUROPEAN STANDARDS FOR ASSESSING THE HEALTH OF A PERSON WHO PROBABLY SUSTAINED MISTREATMENT DURING DETENTION OR CUSTODY
Authors: Shylo Olha H. , Glynska Nataliia V. , Marochkin Oleksii I.
Published: February 2021

The aim: The purpose of this paper is to identify and characterize the standards for assessing the health status of a person who is likely to have been mistreated during detention or custody.
Materials and methods: The provisions of international regulations, as well as the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter - ECHR, Court) were studied in
the preparation of the paper. A set of general scientific and special methods of cognition was used, in particular, the comparative-legal method, the system-structural method, the generalization method, the method of analysis and synthesis, and others.
Conclusions: Medical examinations and forensic examinations of persons detained or incarcerated and alleging torture or mistreatment are appropriate provided that they
comply with European standards set out in the case law of the ECHR and the recommendations of international organizations, which whereas will ensure the effectiveness of formal investigations of such facts.
MENTAL DERANGEMENT AS A MANDATORY ELEMENT OF LIMITED SANITY
Authors: Politova Anna S. , Akimov Mykhailo O. , Knyazkova Liubov M.
Published: February 2021

The aim: Complex analysis of theoretical and practical aspects of study of mental derangement as a mandatory element of limited sanity and development of new approaches to such state's assessment.
Materials and methods: An analysis of criminal legislation and researches made by scientists from Brazil, Denmark, Great Britain, Portugal and the USA concerning mental
derangements of persons who committed crimes and were considered as having limited sanity, publications in mass media, analytical materials, judicial practice (with the purpose to define certain types of crimes and types of mental derangements of such group of people) has been made. For comparison analysis within the framework of study of problems of mental derangement as a mandatory element of limited sanity 1422 court verdicts were selected from Unified Register of Court Rulings of Ukraine (as of August 2020) concerning persons who committed criminal offences under circumstances which allow to consider such persons as having limited sanity. The methods of statistical analysis, system structural method, method of legal phenomenon system analysis and comparative method were applied during the research.
Conclusions: Due to significant increase of quantity of people with mental derangements it is necessary to envisage legally types of mental derangements qualified as limited sanity. This will allow to oblige bodies of criminal justice to conduct mandatory psychiatric examinations after all kinds of crimes when there are grounds to assume that the person during criminal offence commitment was not able to fully understand his (her) actions and (or) control. Consequently, every person having mental derangement and considered as having limited sanity should be subject of compulsory measures of medical care during sentencing, and duration of such care should be legally stipulated with regard to the type of mental derangement.
To prevent commitment another crimes by persons with mental derangement and considered as having limited sanity it is necessary to develop correlation programs with certain schemes of treatment, separate categories of people in need of psychiatric help, relevant financing and coordination mechanisms for interaction between the law enforcement bodies and local governance.
Податкова політика України
Authors: О.В. Гривківська , І.О. Крюкова , Н.В. Поліщук
Published: February 2021

The article outlines the current state of development of the Ukrainian economy, defines the nature and role of tax policy in its further development. The goals of tax policy in the aspect of the evolution of tax policy are outlined, ranging from representatives of the classical school of political economy, marginalists, Keynesians, neoclassics and at the present stage of its development. They identify the stimulation of industrial development, production and the optimal ratio between production and consumption, optimality of demand-supply ratio with increasing marginal utility, stimulation of economic activity through use of taxes as levers of market economy development,
implementation of long-term strategy of stable financial policy for the future for change in shortterm episodic measures, and those that are important in the current conditions: improvement of the organization of tax collection, clarification of their composition and structure in the total amount of fees and payments, regulation of tax rates, optimization of the ratio between tax revenues from legal entities and individuals, ensuring the even distribution of the tax burden between taxpayers, filling the state budget through the expansion of the tax base, mitigation of cyclical fluctuations in the economy, ensuring sustainable development of economic and social priorities of society, budget financing government spending, improving fiscal efficiency of taxes. The classification of tax policy instruments according to the classification features is presented:
1) by purpose, that is, the direction of influence (incentive (incentive), compensatory (supportive), disincentive (restraining)), 2) by nature of the goals of socio-economic development (strategic , operational (tactical)) ); 3) by sphere of influence (economic, social, environmental); 4) by mechanism of influence (systemic, complex, elemental). The directions of development of tax policy of
Ukraine are outlined.
Do we need social sciences and humanities in the 21st century (Optimization of social sciences and humanities in the European and American higher school)
Authors: I. Onishchenko
Published: February 2021

This article explores the level of teaching of social sciences and humanities cycle within the frameworks of Ukrainian educational system, crisis and optimization of curricula as well. Attention is paid to the fact that, the correspondence of modern education system to the task (challenges) of contemporary society can be viewed as a sharp question for consideration that the scientists have been coming across for almost twenty years of the 21st century. It is argued that the impending revolution will affect (if not completely destroy) the political world order, to which humanity must be prepared. Perhaps today, there is a blurred understanding (human being as a social/political subject) of direct correlation of artificial intelligence and genetic engineering. A certain country’s political system or financial-banking system works are not crucial ones. A man is aimed at getting the earned money on time - transfer it from his ATM and spend it as he/ she wishes. He/she needs harmony in everything from family relations to the political climate. The emergence of new socio-political models with new forms of ideologies requires the flexibility towards new realities. It is argued that it is necessary to change educational approaches not only in the sense of its organization but in its content as well. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the old educational model set the primary goal - to provide education, now a different task - people should become independent, creative managers of their future. In this sense, only knowledge of a particular
profession is insufficient. Proved to work in a new way in today’s environment, you need to see and understand these new conditions. It is argued that humanitarian knowledge shaping the socio-political culture of the individual, as an integral part of modern state formation, can come to the rescue. It is argued that it is possible to form a political culture, in particular, by studying the disciplines of the social and humanitarian cycle in higher education institutions. We have presented the models of social sciences and humanities teaching in higher educational institutions of the USA, Great Britain, France, Japan and South Korea. Attention is drawn to the content of educational programs in educational institutions in the United States and some European countries, which since 2015 have begun to increase the scope of study of humanities not only in classical universities, but also in technical ones