bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING BERBASIS TPACK (Technological, Pedagogical, Content, Knowledge) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI (HOTS) SISWA
Authors: Elhani Putri , Sopyan Taupik , Kustiawan Awang
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi (HOTS) pada siswa yang masih rendah. Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) merupakan bagian dari tuntutan kurikulum 2013. Model Discovery Learning berbasis TPACK merupakan salah satu model yang sesuai dengan penerapan kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan model discovery learning berbasis TPACK (Technological, Pedagogical, Content, Knowledge) terhadap kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi (HOTS) siswa kelas XI MIPA di SMA Negeri 1 Sariwangi pada sub materi sistem pernapasan manusia. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI MIPA 2 yang berjumlah 30 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Desain penelitian menggunakan one group pretest posttest desain. Instrumen penelitian berupa soal tes kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi yang meliputi analisis, evaluasi dan mencipta dalam bentuk uraian/essay. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji N-Gain, uji normalitas dan uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji Z. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa dinilai tinggi dengan rata-rata 0,82, data berdistribusi normal dan hipotesis diterima. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang sangat signifikan penerapan model discovery learning berbasis TPACK (Technological, Pedagogical, Content, Knowledge) terhadap kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi (HOTS) siswa pada sub materi system pernapasan manusia.Kata Kunci: Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Model Discovery Learning, TPACK.
IMPLEMETASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MEANINGFUL INSTRUCTION DESAIN (MID) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Cahyaningsih Rini Tri , Toto Toto , Nuraida Ida
Published: April 2023

Rendahnya kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa di kelas VIII SMP N 3 Ciamis tahun ajaran 2021/2022 menjadi latar belakang adalah dalam penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengingkatan kemampuan koneksi matematis antar siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Meaningful Instruction Desain (MID) dengan siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu quasi eksperimental dengan penelitian the nonequivalent pretest- posttest coutrol grup design. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas VIII SMP N 3 Ciamis. Adapun sampel yang diambil dua kelas yaitu kelas VIII B dan Kelas VIII A yang masing-masing berjumlah 20 siswa untuk dijadikan kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah instrument tes kemampuan koneksi matematis. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah pretest dan posttest. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan uji perbedaan dua rerata t-tes. Hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan koneksi peningkatkan kemampuan koneksi matematis antar siswa yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran Meaningfil Instruction Desain (MID) dengan siswa yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung, dimana siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Meaningfil Instruction Desain (MID) termasuk dalam kategori sedang dan siswa yang menngunakan model pembelajaran langsung termasuk dalam kategori rendah.Kata Kunci: Kemampuan koneksi matematis, model pembelajaran Meaningful Instruction Desain (MID)
PENGARUH METODE PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PROYEK (PROJECT BASED LEARNING) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN EKONOMI DI SMA NEGERI 1 KAWALI
Authors: Edtami Tina Lisa , Putra Rizka Andhika , Ruhyanto Ahyo
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajar siswa di SMA Negeri 1 Kawali. Rendahnya hasil belajar siswa disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, diantaranya pemilihan metode pembelajaran yang diterapkan oleh guru kurang tepat sehingga membuat siswa kurang bersemangat dalam belajarnya. Selain itu juga, siswa kurang dilibatkan dalam proses belajar mengajar berlangsung, akibatnya siswa sering tidak memahami maateri yang diajarkan. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perkembangan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran berbasis proyek. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini: (1) Perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan Metode Pembelajaram Berbasis Proyek (Project Based Learning) pada pengukuran awal (Pretest) dan pengkuran akhir (Posttest). (2) Perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan Metode Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek (Project Based Learning) dengan yang menggunakan metode konvensional pada pengukuran awal (Pretest) dan pengukuran akhir (Posttest). (3) Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek (Project Based Learning) terhadap hasil belajar. Di dalam penelitian ini metode penelitian yang digunakan adlah Quasi Experimental Design yaitu Nonequivalent Control Group Design.
PPEMBELAJARAN MODEL EXAMPLE NON EXAMPLE DENGAN VARIASI KUIS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SEJARAH KELAS XI DI SMA NEGERI 1 CINEAM
Authors: Safarina Yuniar , Pajriah Sri , Suryana Aan
Published: April 2023

Proses pembelajaran di dalam kelas yaitu bagian yang sangat penting dari pendidikan. Berhasilnya suatu proses pembelajaran tidak akan terlepas dari kemampuan pendidik dalam mengembangkan model, metode, dan media pembelajaran. Model pembelajaran example non example adalah salah satu model pembelajaran yang membelajarkan  siswa terhadap permasalahan  yang ada di sekitarnya melalui analisis contoh-contoh berupa gambar-gambar, foto, dan kasus yang bermuatan masalah. Tujuan Penelitian ini yaitu untuk membuktikan dan mengetahui : 1) Untuk mengetahui gambaran pembelajaran Sejarah saat ini di SMA Negeri I Cineam. 2) Untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran Example non Example yang dapat meningkatkan Motivasi belajar Siswa di SMA Negeri I Cineam. 3) Untuk mengetahui efektivitas pembelajaran example non example di SMA Negeri  1 Cineam. Metode Penelitian ini memakai metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Hasil penelitian tindakan kelas ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan sebagai berikut: Pembelajaran model Example non Example dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa tentang Tokoh-Tokoh Nasional dan Daerah Dalam Memperjuangkan Kemerdekaan, Bermain kuis dapat meningkatkan prestasi hasil belajar siswa tentang Tokoh-Tokoh Nasional dan Daerah Dalam Memperjuangkan Kemerdekaan.
PENGARUH SALES GROWTH DAN ASSET GROWTH TERHADAP CAPITAL STRUCTURE
Authors: Nuraen Anti Nadya , Mulyadi Endang , Sukomo Sukomo
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : 1. Untuk menganalisis besarnya pengaruh sales growth terhadap capital structure. 2. Untuk menganalisis besarnya asset growth terhadap capital structure. 3. Untuk menganalisis besarnya sales growth dan asset growth secara bersama-sama terhadap capital structure. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif verifikatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis koefisien korelasi sederhana, koefisien determinasi, analisis koefisien korelasi berganda, analisis regresi linier berganda, uji t dan uji F. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1. Sales growth berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap capital structure. 2. Asset growth berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap capital structure. 3. Sales growth dan asset growth berpengaruh positif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap capital structure.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN CIPTA PUISI MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PICTURE AND PICTURE PADA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI KELAS VIII-E SMPN 3 SITURAJA
Authors: Gantini Yanyan Mulya
Published: April 2023

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran, keterampilan menulis puisi setelah menggunakan model Picture and Picture di SMPN 3 Situraja Kabupaten Sumedang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Tindakan kelas. Berdasarkan hasil analisis nilai hasil kegiatan pembelajaran menulis puisi sebagai hasil observasi (pretest) sebelum mengunakan model dan setelah menerapkan model Picture and Picture menunjukkan adanya peningkatan. Nilai rata-rata puisi siswa sebelumnya sebesar 58,62. Nilai rata-rata puisi siswa di akhir pembelajaran dengan model Picure and Picture pada siklus I sebesar 78,25 atau 78,25%. Jadi dapat dikatakan bahwa kemampuan siswa dalam menulis puisi sesudah tindakan pada siklus I mengalami peningkatan sebesar 19,63. Skor rata-rata keseluruhan aspek yang diamati dalam puisi siswa pada siklus II pertemuan terakhir adalah sebesar 93,00 atau 93%. Terdapat peningkatan sebesar 14,75. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan siswa dalam menulis puisi sudah di atas nilai ketuntasan minimal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran Picture and Picture dapat mengefektifkan proses pembelajaran khususnya keterampilan menulis puisi yang membutuhkan daya kreasi dan imajinasi yanglebih tinggi dari peserta didik, meskipun masih ada siswa yang nilainya masih kurang. Jadi, penelitian ini dianggap perlu untuk dilanjutkan pada penelitian berikutnya.
Penerapan Mind mapping Sebagai Media Belajar Dalam Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Biologi Kelas XII IPA 2 SMAN 3 Ciamis
Authors: Apriyani Lia , Warsono Warsono , Cahyadin Agus
Published: April 2023

Penelitian tindakan kelas dengan menerapkan mind mapping sebagai media belajar memiliki tujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa baik dari ranah kognitif, afektif mapun psikomotorik. Lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Negeri 3 Ciamis dengan jumlah subjek sebanyak 24 orang siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan tes. Observasi bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data penilaian aktivitas siswa, hasil belajar ranah afektif dan hasil belajar ranah psikomotorik. Sementara tes digunakan untuk mendapatkan hasil belajar kognitif yang dilakukan pada saat prasiklus, siklus I dan siklus II.Berdasarkan hasil analisis data pada siklus I aktivitas siswa mencapai 68,89%. Pada siklus II mencapai 78,79%. Hasil belajar siswa ranah kognitif siklus I memiliki persentase ketuntasan sebesar 67% meningkat di siklus II menjadi 86%. Hasil belajar siswa ranah afektif siklus I memiliki persentase 79,44% meningkat di siklus II menjadi 85,23% sementara hasil belajar siswa ranah psikomotorik siklus I mencapai 67,78% dan mengalami peningkatan di siklus II menjadi 76,52%, dengan hasil yang dicapai tersebut dapat dinyatakan tuntas dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan Mind mapping sebagai media pembelajaran mampu meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa secara signifikan pada siswa kelas XII IPA 2 SMA Negeri 3 Ciamis.
PENGGUNAAN KOTORAN AYAM DAN KULIT PISANG DENGAN KONSENTRASI YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP POPULASI Daphnia sp. SEBAGAI PAKAN ALTERNATIF ALAMI LARVA LELE (Clarias gariepenus)
Authors: Romansyah Romdah
Published: April 2023

Budidaya merupakan suatu kegiatan pemeliharaan sumber daya hayati yang dilakukan secara terkontrol untuk diambil manfaat/hasil panennya. Daphnia sp. bisa dilakukan budidaya dan merupakan pakan alami yang banyak digunakan dalam pembenihan ikan air tawar seperti Ikan lele. Salah satu usaha sumber makan Dapnia berasal dari kotoran ayam dan pelepah pisang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemberian kotoran ayam dan kulit buah pisang terhadap peningkatan populasi Daphnia sp. selama kultur. Parameter yang digunkan ialah kepadatan populasi Daphnia sp. Metode analisis dengan uji statistik one_way Anova yang diuji lanjut dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) dengan menggunakan Software Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) versi 17.0. Penelitian dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, dengan perlakuan, pakan 0 gr/l, 2.5 gr/l, 4.5 gr/l, 6.5 gr/l dan 8.5 gr/l. Perlakuan 8,5 gram kotoran ayam 12 gram kulit buah pisang memberikan hasil terbaik pertumbuhan populasi Dapnia sp, dan dapat disimpulan bahwa kotoran ayam dan pelepah buah pisang berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan populasi Daphnia sp. Kata kunci : Kotoran Ayam, Kulit Pisang, Daphnia sp
PERBANDINGAN VEGETASI PADA EKOSISTEM HUTAN PANTAI DAN HUTAN DATARAN RENDAH DI CAGAR ALAM PANANJUNG PANGANDARAN
Authors: Adnan Bahana Aditya , Purnomo Purnomo
Published: April 2023

Kawasan Cagar Alam Pananjung Pangandaran memiliki ekosistem yang cukup beragam, antara lain ekosistem pantai, ekosistem hutan dataran rendah, dan ekosistem hutan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan vegetasi pada ekosistem hutan pantai dan hutan dataran rendah di wilayah Cagar Alam Pananjung Pangandaran. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 2 lokasi di kawasan Cagar Alam Pananjung Pangandaran yaitu Pasir Putih sebagai ekosistem hutan pantai dan Badeto sebagai ekosistem hutan dataran rendah. Metode yang digunakan adalah Line transect dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan kuadrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan di Cagar Alam Pananjung Pangandaran ditemukan sebanyak 20 spesies terdiri dari 20 famili dengan tingkat pertumbuhan yang berbeda diantaranya semai, tiang dan pohon. Hasil perhitungan INP pada tingkatan semai pada kedua ekosistem menunjukan didominasi oleh Alchornea rugosa (hutan pantai 57,6 % dan hutan dataran rendah 36,34 %). Spesies pada tingkatan tiang pada kedua ekosistem didominasi oleh Syzygium antisepticum (hutan pantai 68,24 % dan hutan dataran rendah 37,68 %). Tingkatan pohon pada ekosistem hutan didominasi oleh Barringtonia asiatica (73,58 %) dan pada ekosistem dataran rendah oleh Syzygium antisepticum (78,57 %). Keanekaragaman spesies pada setiap lokasi termasuk kedalam tingkat keanekaragaman yang sedang karena nilai H’ yang didapatkan antara rentang 1 sampai dengan 3.
SEXUAL SUBJECTIVITY OF WOMEN AND THE REPRESENTATION OF BODY: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PORNOGRAPHY IN SOCIAL MEDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA
Authors: Dibyendu Ganguli
Published: April 2023

The ease of access, low cost, and anonymity of pornography on social media make it a part of our popular culture. People and organizations in India opposed to the easy access to and availability of pornography typically claim that doing so undermines social order and increases the risk of rape, sexual assault, and other sex-related crimes. The opposing view asserts that erotica is an expression of pleasurable dreams and that, by freeing women from the constraints of societal propriety and anti-sexual laws, it empowers women. Social scientists are becoming increasingly interested in pornography. This study is based on content analysis of social research and examines the numerous theoretical and conceptual facets of the pornographic topics, concepts, and genres that are discussed in academic discussions, particularly in sociology. The sexual subjectivity of women in pornography to represent their body have been analysed from sociological perspectives. The role of social media in exposing pornographic materials is also been analysed. Many other factors, namely, pornographic addiction, cyberporn culture, and social distress, are the pivotal areas of arguments that have been analysed in this paper. However, this study offers a basic framework for identifying the distinctive traits of pornographic consumption as well as the materials associated with rising problematic use. In a digital society, banning pornography from social media is not the answer. A covert policy on pornography may be desperately needed to preserve the interests and personal preferences of the common mass in addition to the interests of the government.
SPEECH-ENABLED E-COMMERCE FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED AND DISABLED PEOPLE
Authors: Dr. Kritika  , Rishabh Sharma
Published: April 2023

Today life when we compare to the past, television voice broadcasts, is so fast that a normal person finds difficulty listening but for radio listeners, this works well as the speech broadcasts are not so fast while traveling in a car and buses, this helps the growth of this listing in daily purposes. In the present study, E-Commerce plays a vital role and breaks the barriers to adopting new technology so easily as I can say it is the process of buying or selling products through online mode with the help of the internet.
INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PARENTS OF DIFFERENTLY-ABLE PERSONS IN WEST MEDINIPUR DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL (INDIA)
Authors: Dr. Adwaita Kumar Das  , Manasi Santra
Published: April 2023

The parents of differently-able persons are very much unaware about the information needed for their children in particularly West Bengal. These parents are in need of information for the development of their children. In most cases they do not know how and where to get information properly and correctly. Darkness in their knowledge led the differently-able persons to a worst situation and led them far away from leading normal life like other human being instead of living on everyone’s kindness and begging. Modern science and technologies are developing day by day in the field of artificial limbs by the scientists and technicians. History shows that proper information, guidance and training can make them self-sufficient.
ESCALATION OF BODY STUDIES AND THE EMBODIMENT OF SOCIETY: A THEORETICAL REVIEW
Authors: Dr. Sourav Madhur Dey
Published: April 2023

Within sociology and social theory, there has been a noticeable "turn to the body" over the past few decades. The Human Genome Project and a number of other programmes have led to developments in the "new" biology, which emphasizes how the human body may provide crucial insights into how societies function. For instance, the study of epigenetics has shown how the social interactions, disparities, and environmental factors that are a part of every person's environment influence the regulation and expression of genes. Thus, advancements in the physical and biological sciences imply that sociology and related disciplines might benefit from emphasizing embodiment, but recent social and cultural advancements have themselves emphasized the significance of body matters for comprehending what is happening in society today. Science, medicine, and technological advancements have rendered the body more pliable and subject to conflicts about what constitute normal, desirable, and even sacred aspects of embodied persons' bodily identities and capacities. This paper examines the context and parameters of this development, as well as how this emphasis on embodiment has been used to create new perspectives in social and cultural analysis. It also examines how this emphasis on embodiment can be seen as a crucial tool for avoiding the Cartesian bias prevalent in much Western thought. After reviewing the history of sociology, it points out key sources for this project in classical texts before examining why the body has come to be such a contentious issue in social analysis and society.
FAMILY PLANNING AND CHANGING STATUS OF AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITIES IN INDIA (A STUDY OF THE RAJBANSHIS LIVING IN SOME VILLAGES UNDER SILIGURI SUB-DIVISION IN DARJEELING DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL)
Authors: Dr. Ranjit Roy
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study is to highlight the impact of the family planning on the Rajbanshis living in the mentioned areas. The Rajbanshis living in several districts of North Bengal and some other adjacent areas of the state of West Bengal were mainly depended on agriculture as their main occupation from very past. Though, now-a- days, some changes in their occupational structure have been noticed but the Rajbanshis living in rural areas are mainly depended on agriculture for their livelihood. This study is concerned about the Rajbanshis who live in urban areas and they have changed their occupation in a large extent. In this study, the primary and secondary data have been used. The primary data have been collected with the help of interview schedules, questionnaires, etc and secondary data have been collected from books, journals, websites etc. This study is both qualitative and quantitative in nature. It is found that the impact of family planning has positively affected the status of the Rajbanshis living in this area. The control of family size has brought many positive changes in their economic, social, and cultural life.
CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL RESEARCH: PEOPLE, SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT: [VOLUME 1]
Authors: Dr. Rupam Mukherjee
Published: April 2023

This interdisciplinary volume provides a forum for cutting-edge research articles from social science and other related disciplines to explore the interdependence of people, society, and environment, including the socioeconomic and cultural impacts of the covid pandemic. The articles in this volume are a compilation that we hope will provide food for thought for social scientists and ignite the creative minds of budding researchers.
Harmful Effects of Greenhouse Gases on the Environment: Our Future; Our Life; Our Duty
Authors: Dr. Naba Kumar Ghosh
Published: April 2023

In the present era of globalization, a clean and healthy environment remains a crucial factor for the survival of living beings on this planet. The increase in greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere is a major cause of global warming and climate change. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a prominent greenhouse gas like methane (CH4), nitrogen oxides (NxOy), ozone, halocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), chlorine and bromine compounds. Most of them can absorb hot radiations and increase the temperature on the Earth’s surface. This rising temperature of the Earth’s surface gives rise to various dangers, and threatens the existence of life on the Earth. It causes gradual and permanent change in the Earth’s climate and this affects the balance of nature. The concentration of GHGs is increasing continuously and this remarkably impacts on environment and living beings. Severe environmental problems and life threatening diseases are gradually becoming a serious concern. We, the social animals, always need friendship and a balanced relationship with the nature and wild animals. To maintain that healthy equality, we should always aware people of all levels about the detrimental effects of global warming by arranging seminars, awareness campaigns, routing program. These initiatives will motivate people to make a conducive and peaceful life in future. The main objective of this article is to discuss the origin, nature and bad effects of these gases on human health as well as on the environment. It also covers the awareness and solutions to achieve a harmless life in near future.
Online Education during Covid-19 and Its Impact on Student’s Behaviour - A Study of District of Nadia, West Bengal
Authors: Rabindra Shil
Published: April 2023

Purpose: This study investigates the impact of online education on student’s behaviour during the Covid-19 pandemic in the district of Nadia, West Bengal. Methodology: The study is based on primary data that has been collected through structured questionnaire using frequency percentages and exploratory factor analysis. Findings: Exploratory factor analysis illustrates that four factors in terms of Smartphone, intention to use, self-efficacy, and usefulness are important for explaining the online education, which affect the students’ behaviour. Conclusions: The Covid-19 pandemic has driven numerous changes in education sector, bringing online education because all schools, colleges and universities were closed during the lockdown period. These challenges have promoted policy makers to rethink how to improve online education in a more efficient manner.
Brain Bloomers (Volume 2)
Authors: Prof. Amitava Basu  , Dr. Santanu Mallick  , Dr. Amalendu Samanta  , Prof. Arunava Narayan Mukherjee
Published: April 2023

After the huge popularity of the first volume last year, again we feel very proud to present the second volume this year. Heartfelt thanks to all readers for making the first volume successful. We hope that we shall be able to unfold other dimensions also in our upcoming volume with the help of your love and motivations. Just as research helps people to learn new things to improve the human race and the whole world, it also informs about the various aspects of an established system or subject as well as new areas and its response to different situations. In the so-called social sciences, we mainly emphasize on this second aspect of research.
A Technique of NLAODV algorithm to get Routes of Nodes-List in Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET)
Authors: Naif Saad Sulaiman , Idrees Barzan Abdulazeez , Ibrahim Ali Jalil , Majedkan Naji A.
Published: April 2023

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a group of nodes that connect to each other wirelessly without the use of a central server or a traditional network structure. In MANETs, data packets are sent through wireless channels to keep communication going. Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing is a MANET-related reactive routing technology that generates a path of nodes to a destination by broadcasting packets of route request across the network. In this kind of Routing protocol, a connection loss causes the source to send control (RREQ) on the network, causing network congestion and performance deterioration. This study offers a Node List (NLAODV) Node List Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing method that includes links and path-nodes to identify if any node on the network is involved in the route discovery process for sending control packets from wireless source node to the wireless destination node. Simulation findings reveal that the proposed NLAODV algorithm minimizes flood Packets and get best network as it’s not necessary for all nodes to be present in route discovery.
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND RELEASING -SWELLING KINETICS OF MYRRH BASED HYDROGEL
Authors: I. Hamodi Mohammad , K. Younis Mohammed
Published: April 2023

In this work, Myrrh gum was used with sodium alginate (SA) to create novel Myrrh-Alginate beads composite. These beads were produced utilizing the ionotropic gelation technique. Methylene blue (MB) was employed as a drug model to evaluate the kinetics of drug release and the capacity of the synthesized beads to function as a drug delivery system. The molecular interaction between sodium alginate and myrrh was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The physical characteristics of the Myrrh-Alginate beads, including drug content, particle size, thermal properties, equilibrium water content (EWC), swelling behavior, and equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR), were studied to establish the hydrogel's response type, as well as the releasing kinetics at 37°C and in Phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH = 6.8 and 10. All beads (loaded and unloaded) were analyzed by Differential scanning calorimetry, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The drug content percentages of the Myrrh-Alginate beads increased with a moderate fraction (5% ) of Myrrh but dropped with a higher Myrrh percentage. The Myrrh-Alginate beads absorbed more water and swelled more than the pure calcium alginate beads (S2) in pH 6.8 and 10 of (PBS). In a pH 6.8 of (PBS), the Myrrh-Alginate beads demonstrated a controlled and regulated style of releasing and demonstrated a high match with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model as they had the maximum values of the correlation factor (R2) in this model.
Rickets in piglets and calves
Authors: Duţulescu Valentin Alexandru , Constantinescu Valerica I. , Cristian Alexandra
Published: April 2023

Rickets is a chemodystrophic, hyperplastic osteopathy of young animals, determined by a disorder of phosphocal­cium metabolism, characterized by a lack of mineralization and bone deformation, with the persistence of conjugation 
cartilage and thickening of the epiphyses.
Hypoglycemia in piglets (“baby pig disease”)
Authors: Constantinescu Valerica I.
Published: April 2023

In baby pigs (piglets), poor gluconeogenesis and lactose are the only source of carbohydrate in the first days of life, which make them predisposed to hypoglycemia, in correlation with an improper/inadequate intake of colostrum/milk being responsible for this important pathological status. The early approach to this disease and the sustained specific treatment cand provide a positive and fast recovering of the affected patients.
Splenic cavernous hemangioma in a dog
Authors: Vulpe Vasile , Zelinschi Vlad , Hreniuc Ştefania‑Livia
Published: April 2023

Splenic haemangioma represents a pathology that, although benign, through the impressive dimensions it reaches and through the side effects it imprints on the organs in the abdominal cavity can present a real risk to the vital prognosis of the animal. The preferred diagnostic modality in these cases is excisional biopsy. This paper describes the examination of a case to obtain a definite diagnosis, the surgical intervention and the postoperative evolution.
Clinical guidelines in the pathology of some pet lizard species
Authors: Tudor Laurențiu
Published: April 2023

Keeping different species of lizards as pets means the development of artificial environments, terrariums or aquateraria, which offer conditions as close as possible to those in the natural environment, as well as the development of appropriate feeding systems. In the category of pet lizards we include: chameleons, agamids, iguanas, skinks, anoles, lizards or geckos. There are extremely different categories of lizards in terms of environmental and feeding requirements and with a special ecobiology, sometimes characteristic of a single species or of several species within a genus. Maintenance deficiencies are most frequently translated by metabolic disorders, frequently associated with infections or parasites that are not diagnosed in individuals of the same species living in the natural environment. In general, a series of viruses or bacterioses overlaped on an immunodeficient background that appears as a result of improper feeding or defective environmental parameters.
Optimization of binding affinities in chemical space with generative pretrained transformer and deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Xu Xiaopeng , Zhou Juexiao , Zhu Chen , Zhan Qing , Li Zhongxiao , Zhang Ruochi , Wang Yu , Liao Xingyu , Gao Xin
Published: April 2023

Background: The key challenge in drug discovery is to discover novel compounds with desirable properties. Among the properties, binding affinity to a target is one of the prerequisites and usually evaluated by molecular docking or quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models. Methods: In this study, we developed Simplified molecular input line entry system Generative Pretrained Transformer with Reinforcement Learning (SGPT-RL), which uses a transformer decoder as the policy network of the reinforcement learning agent to optimize the binding affinity to a target. SGPT-RL was evaluated on the Moses distribution learning benchmark and two goal-directed generation tasks, with Dopamine Receptor D2 (DRD2) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the targets. Both QSAR model and molecular docking were implemented as the optimization goals in the tasks. The popular Reinvent method was used as the baseline for comparison. Results: The results on Moses benchmark showed that SGPT-RL learned good property distributions and generated molecules with high validity and novelty. On the two goal-directed generation tasks, both SGPT-RL and Reinvent were able to generate valid molecules with improved target scores. The SGPT-RL method achieved better results than Reinvent on the ACE2 task, where molecular docking was used as the optimization goal. Further analysis shows that SGPT-RL learned conserved scaffold patterns during exploration. Conclusions: The superior performance of SGPT-RL in the ACE2 task indicates that it can be applied to the virtual screening process where molecular docking is widely used as the criteria. Besides, the scaffold patterns learned by SGPT-RL during the exploration process can assist chemists to better design and discover novel lead candidates.
How and When Does an Enzyme React? Unraveling α-Amylase Catalytic Activity with Enhanced Sampling Techniques
Authors: Das Sudip , Raucci Umberto , Neves Rui , Ramos Maria , Parrinello Michele
Published: April 2023

Enzymatic catalysis is a complex process that can involve multiple conformations of the enzyme:substrate complex and several competitive reaction pathways, resulting in a multi-dimensional free energy landscape. The study of enzymatic activity often requires deep knowledge of the system to establish the catalytic mechanism and identify the possible reactive conformations of the complex. Here, we present an enhanced sampling and machine learning-based approach to explore the catalytic reaction space and characterize the transformation from reactive to non-reactive conformations with minimal a priori knowledge of the system. We applied this approach to study the rate-determining step of the glycolysis reaction of maltopentose catalyzed by human pancreatic α-amylase, an important enzyme in glucose production as well as a major drug target for the treatment of type-II diabetes. We unravel the complexity of the enzymatic reaction, reveal three binding modes of the substrate in the catalytic pocket, and highlight the role of water in the catalytic process and in the stepwise conversion of reaction-ready to non-reactive conformations. Overall, these insights offer atomistic details on the catalytic mechanism and dynamics of the active site, allowing to shed light on two fundamental questions in enzymatic catalysis, that is how and when does an enzyme react?
PairNet: Predicting Correlation Energies with Correlated Features
Authors: Deng Zhihao , Liu Chang , Lin Haigang , Zhang Yingsheng
Published: April 2023

We proposed a molecular orbital based machine learning model for predicting accurate CCSD(T) correlation energies. The model, named as PairNet, shows excellent transferability on several public data sets using features inspired by pair natural orbitals(PNOs). Though additional computational costs were required to calculate PNOs, the improvement reveals the direct and physical inspired features are essential for a successful deployment of machine learning models in computational chemistry.
Autonomous alignment and self-healing in multilayer soft electronics using dynamic polymers with immiscible backbones
Authors: Cooper Christopher , Root Samuel , Michalek Lukas , Wu Shuai , Lai Jian-Cheng , Khatib Muhammad , Oyakhire Solomon , Zhao Renee , Qin Jian , Bao Zhenan
Published: April 2023

Self-healing soft electronic and robotic devices can recover autonomously from some forms of external damage, analogous to human skin. While current self-healing devices employ a single type of dynamic polymer network for all functional layers to ensure strong interlayer adhesion, this approach requires the manual alignment of layers to ensure functional healing. Here, we use two dynamic polymers, which have immiscible backbones but identical dynamic bonds, to maintain interlayer adhesion while enabling autonomous realignment of functional components during healing. We show that these dynamic polymers exhibit a weakly interpenetrating and adhesive interface, whose width is tunable. Moreover, when multi-layer laminates of these polymers are misaligned after damage, these structures autonomously realign during healing to minimize interfacial area—a phenomena that is also observed in simulations. We demonstrate the broader utility of this strategy by fabricating composite devices with conductive, dielectric, and magnetic particles that functionally heal after damage, enabling thin film pressure sensors, magnetically assembled soft robots, and underwater circuit assembly.
Multistep desolvation as a fundamental principle governing peptide self-assembly through liquid‒liquid phase separation
Authors: Yuan Chengqian , Xing Ruirui , Cui Jie , Fan Wei , Li Junbai , Yan Xuehai
Published: April 2023

Biomolecular self-assembly based on peptides and proteins is a general phenomenon encountered in natural and synthetic systems. Liquid‒liquid phase separation (LLPS) is intimately involved in biomolecular self-assembly, yet the key factors at a molecular scale activating or modulating such a process remain largely elusive. Herein, we discovered that multistep desolva-tion is fundamental to the formation and evolution of peptide-rich droplets. The first step is partial desolvation of peptides to form peptide clusters, and the second step is selective desolvation of hydrophobic groups within clusters to trigger LLPS and the formation of peptide-rich droplets, followed by the complete desolvation of droplets, initiating the nucleation of peptide self-assembly. Manipulation of the degree of desolvation at different stages is an effective strategy to control the self-assembly pathways and polymorphisms. This study sheds light on the molecular origin of LLPS-mediated self-assembly dis-tinct from classical one-step self-assembly and paves the way for the precise control of supramolecular self-assembly.
Vertex Differentiation Strategy for Tuning the Physical Properties of closo-Dodecaborate Weakly Coordinating Anions
Authors: Nelson Yessica , Irshad Ahamed , Kim Sangmin , Waddington Mary , Salamat Charlene , Gembicky Milan , Rheingold Arnold , Carta Veronica , Tolbert Sarah , Narayan Sri , Spokoyny Alexander
Published: April 2023

We report the synthesis and characterization of various compounds containing 1,7,9-hydroxylated closo-dodecahydrododecaborate (B12H9(OH)32-) cluster motif. Specifically, we show how the parent compound can be synthesized on the multigram scale and further perhalogenated, leading to a new class of vertex-differentiated weakly coordinating anions (WCAs). We show that a post-modification of the hydroxyl groups by alkylation affords further opportunities for tailoring these anions' stability, steric bulk, and solubility properties. The resulting dodecaborate-based salts were subjected to a full thermal and electrochemical stability evaluation, showing that many of these anions maintain thermal stability up to 500 °C and feature no redox activity below ~1 V vs. Fc/Fc+. Mixed hydroxylated/halogenated clusters show enhanced solubility compared to their purely halogenated analogs and retain weakly coordinating properties in the solid-state, as demonstrated by ionic conductivity measurements of their Li+ salts.
Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks with pts Topology for Controlled Anticancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Das Saikat , Zhao Yu , Irie Tsukasa , Sakai Jin , Sekine Taishu , Mabuchi Haruna , Negishi Yuichi
Published: April 2023

Noted for their unique structural and functional attributes including especially high surface areas, open interconnected nanochannels and rich active sites, three-dimensional (3D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as frontier materials for energy, environmental and biomedical research. However, the limited options of 3D organic building blocks, poor reversibility in covalent linkage formation and highly complicated crystal structure analysis raise several challenges to the construction of new 3D COFs for which the number of 3D COF structures is still restricted to a few. In this contribution, we report the designed synthesis of two new 3D COFs, namely TUS-440 and TUS-441, with two- and three-fold interpenetrated pts topology, respectively, by combining a Td-symmetric tetrahedral vertex with two C2-symmetric rectangular linkers. The resulting COFs demonstrate well-defined crystalline porous structures and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller surface areas of 1320 and 940 m2 g-1. In vitro drug delivery studies substantiate these COFs as efficient nanocarriers with good loading and sustained release of anticancer drugs (cytarabine and 5-fluorouracil), showing great potential for increasing therapeutic efficacy and reducing dosing frequency.
Enantioselective C–P Bond Formation through C(sp3)–H Functionalization
Authors: Ardevines Sandra , Horn Devan , Alegre-Requena Juan V. , González-Jiménez Marta , Gimeno M. Concepción , Marqués-López Eugenia , P. Herrera Raquel
Published: April 2023

An unprecedented enantioselective C–P bond formation has been developed through a C(sp3)–H activation in an oxidation step followed by an organocatalyzed hydrophosphonylation protocol. The asymmetric organocatalytic Pudovik reaction has been successfully achieved following a one-pot strategy, starting from different benzylic alcohols and dibenzylphosphite, using MnO2 as the oxidant and a chiral squaramide as organocatalyst. The scope of the reaction provides enantiomerically enriched α-hydroxy phosphonates in good to excellent yields (up to >95%) and high enantioselectivities (up to >99%). Furthermore, the use of this methodology has been successfully demonstrated to form a quaternary centre, generating an acetophenone derivative in situ, using diphenyl phosphite. Therefore, this approach represents a highly effective strategy for constructing chiral C–P bonds, which are of significant interest to the pharmaceutical industry. This proof of concept represents a significant breakthrough in the field of chemistry.
NIR-triggered photocatalytic decaging for remote-controlled spatiotemporal activation in living mice
Authors: Liang Xuan , Qian Shan , Lou Zhizheng , Hu Renming , Hou Yuchen , Chen Peng R. , Fan Xinyuan
Published: April 2023

Spatiotemporal manipulation of biological processes in living animals using non-invasive, remote-controlled stimuli is a captivating but challenging endeavor. Herein, we present the development of a bioorthogonal photocatalytic technology termed CAT-NIR, which uses external near infrared light (NIR, 740 nm) to trigger bioorthogonal chemical decaging reactions in living mice. The Os(tpy)2 complex was identified as an efficient NIR photocatalyst for promoting deboronative hydroxylation reactions in the presence of NIR lights, resulting in the deprotection of phenol groups and the release of bioactive molecules under bioorthogonal conditions. The validation of the CAT-NIR system was demonstrated through the NIR-triggered rescue of fluorophores, prodrugs as well as biomolecules ranging from amino acids, peptides to proteins in living cells. Furthermore, by combining genetic code expansion and computer-aided screening, CAT-NIR was able to regulate affibody binding to the cell surface receptor Her2 in living cells, providing a highly selective cell tagging technology with spatiotemporal precision through external NIR light. Most significantly, the tissue-penetrating ability of NIR light allowed for smooth prodrug activation in living mice using external NIR light, enabling non-invasive, remote-controlled rescue of bioactive molecules. This opens up new opportunities for in vivo investigations and manipulations given the broad adaptability of the decaging chemistry and the high spatiotemporal resolution potential of such photocatalytic tools.
Assessment of Rewards That Motivate Employees in Organisations: The Case of Cape Coast Technical University
Authors: Lanidune E. , Boampong G. N.
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the rewards that motivate employees in organisations in universities, and to identify the most effective types of rewards that can improve employee motivation and organisational success.

Methodology: This study utilizes a mixed-method approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The target population for the study consisted of senior members, senior staff and junior staff of the University with a sample size of 196. A stratified random sampling method was used in selecting staff from the three categories. The qualitative data will be collected through in-depth interviews with employees from various positions in universities, while the quantitative data will be collected through a survey. The data was analysed descriptively using mean scores to identify the factors that influence the effectiveness of rewards in motivating employees.

Research Limitation: This study is limited by its sample size, which may not fully capture the diverse range of employees in universities. Additionally, the study's findings may be limited by the specific context in which the study is conducted.

Findings: An association between reward and productivity in the workplace was found in the study. Yet, the data also revealed that Cape Coast Technical University does not have a well-defined strategy for reward systems. As a result, workers felt that the institution did not treat them fairly.

Practical Implications: The study's findings are expected to have significant practical implications for universities, as they can use the insights gained from this study to develop more effective reward systems that can motivate their employees.

Social Implications: The social implications of this research are essential, as motivated employees are more likely to engage with students and provide better educational experiences, which can benefit society as a whole. By improving employee motivation and job satisfaction, universities can provide a better learning environment for their students and contribute to social welfare.

Originality/Value/ Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in its focus on rewards that motivate employees in organisations in the higher education sector. While previous studies have explored employee motivation in various sectors, this study's specific focus on universities adds to the existing body of knowledge.
Aprovechamiento del calamar en la alimentación
Authors: Kleeberg Hidalgo Fernando
Published: April 2023

Este estudio tiene como objetivo dar a conocer las bondades del calamar en la nutrición así como sus expectativas de exportación como producto congelado y deshidratado. Se presenta una descripción física del calamar, sus características biológicas, su distribución en el litoral peruano, su importancia económica, sus volúmenes  de desembarque y su demanda en el  mercado mundial. El artículo trata también acerca del valor nutritivo del calamar, de sus propiedades termofísicas, su conservación y los principales procesos a los que es sometido.
Sistemas fuzzy, inteligencia artificial y seres humanos
Authors: Reaño Álvarez José
Published: April 2023

El método matemático conocido como los sistemas fuzzy fueron inventados para expresar la ambiguedad semántica en el lenguaje humano mediante proporciones fuzzy, mejorando así la utilidad de la inteligencia artificial. Los sistemas fuzzy presentan múltiples usos prometedores, aunque no logren un pensamiento, como lo hace el cerebro humano.
INTERDISCIPLINA Y EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR. UNA VISIÓN DESDE LA SALUD Y LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES.
Authors: Jorquera Sylvia , Blest Aleberto
Published: April 2023

La Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de las Américas, desde el año 2020 viene desarrollando un profundo proceso de reflexión respecto de sus fundamentos y opciones epistemológicas, con la finalidad de brindar una alternativa de formación profesional situada y en sintonía con los grandes procesos que experimenta el país. En este sentido, es que un grupo de académicos, se platearon la tarea de escribir cada uno un texto en relación con los conceptos: Bienestar Humano- Transformación Social- Derechos Humanos- Tolerancia- Cuidados – Desarrollo, que se desprenden de la Misión y Visión de Facultad. Abordándolos desde las perspectivas disciplinares y profesionales, que están a la base de las carreras que componen la unidad académica. Lo que se presenta en este libro, da cuenta de las reflexiones de los académicos en torno a la Interdisciplina y las diversas miradas de un mismo fenómeno, que confluyen en la tarea formativa que se comparte diariamente en las aulas.