bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DANTE‐prepared three‐dimensional FLASH: A fast isotropic‐resolution MR approach to morphological evaluation of the peripheral arterial wall at 3 tesla
Authors: Xie Guoxi , Zhang Nan , Xie Yibin , Nguyen Christopher , Deng Zixin , Bi Xiaoming , Fan Zhanming , Liu Xin , Li Debiao , Fan Zhaoyang
Published: July 2015

Background

To develop and assess a sequence using DANTE dark‐blood preparation combined with FLASH readout (DANTE‐FLASH) for rapid isotropic‐resolution three‐dimensional (3D) peripheral vessel wall imaging at 3 Tesla (T).

Methods

Numerical simulations were first conducted to optimize imaging parameters for maximizing the wall‐lumen contrast. The sequence, implemented at 3T, was then assessed in the bilateral superficial femoral arteries of eight healthy volunteers and three patients who were undergoing non–contrast‐enhanced MRA due to known peripheral artery disease. Conventional 2D dark‐blood turbo spin echo (DB‐TSE) was performed as a reference in all subjects. Image quality on a 5‐point scale, apparent wall signal‐to‐noise ratio, apparent wall‐lumen contrast‐to‐noise ratio, wall thickness, wall area and lumen area were assessed or measured in all healthy subjects. Additionally, the agreement in the depiction of wall thickening or luminal stenosis between DANTE‐FLASH and DB‐TSE, or MRA was assessed using a 4‐point scale in the patient study.

Results

DANTE‐FLASH allowed for a 30‐cm‐long coverage within 4 min, whereas DB‐TSE took approximately 7 min for a 9‐cm‐long coverage. Good image quality was obtained by DANTE‐FLASH (score > 3). The wall thickness, wall area, and lumen area were all comparable (t‐test; P = 0.334, 0.224 and 0.136) and showed excellent agreement between DANTE‐FLASH and DB‐TSE (intra‐class correlation = 0.81, 0.85, and 0.98). The atherosclerotic plaques and luminal stenosis identified by DANTE‐FLASH were in accordance with the findings by 2D DB‐TSE or MRA.

Conclusion

DANTE‐FLASH is a 3D dark‐blood MR sequence allowing for rapid isotropic‐resolution imaging of the peripheral vessel wall at 3T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:343–351.
Risk factors and outcomes of carbapenem‐resistant K lebsiella pneumoniae infections in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Pereira Marcus R. , Scully Brendan F. , Pouch Stephanie M. , Uhlemann Anne‐Catrin , Goudie Stella , Emond Jean E. , Verna Elizabeth C.
Published: July 2015

Carbapenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infection is increasing in incidence and is associated with increased mortality in liver transplantation (LT) recipients. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients transplanted between January 2010 and January 2013 to identify the incidence and risk factors for post‐LT CRKP infection and evaluate the impact of this infection on outcomes in a CRKP‐endemic area. We studied 304 recipients, of whom 20 (6.6%) developed CRKP and 36 (11.8%) carbapenem‐susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (CSKP) infections in the year following LT. Among the 20 recipients with post‐LT CRKP infection, 8 (40%) were infected in ≥ 2 sites; 13 (65%) had surgical site–intra‐abdominal infections; 12 (60%) had pneumonia; and 3 (15%) had a urinary tract infection. There were 6 patients with a CRKP infection before LT, 5 of whom developed a CRKP infection after LT. Significant risk factors for post‐LT CRKP infection in multivariate analysis included laboratory Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease at LT (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; P = 0.001), hepatocellular carcinoma (OR, 3.19; P = 0.02), Roux‐en‐Y biliary choledochojejunostomy (OR, 3.15; P = 0.04), and bile leak (OR, 5.89; P = 0.001). One‐year estimated patient survival was 55% (95% confidence interval, 31%‐73%), 72% (55%‐84%), and 93% (89%‐96%), for patients with CRKP, CSKP, and no Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, respectively. In multivariate analysis, CRKP (hazard ratio [HR], 6.92; P < 0.001) and CSKP infections (CSKP, HR, 3.84; P < 0.001), as well as bile leak (HR, 2.10; P = 0.03) were the strongest predictors of post‐LT mortality. In an endemic area, post‐LT CRKP infection is common, occurring in 6.6% of recipients, and is strongly associated with post‐LT mortality. Improved strategies for screening and prevention of CRKP infection are urgently needed. Liver Transpl 21:1511‐1519, 2015. © 2015 AASLD.
Food neophiles: Profiling the adventurous eater
Authors: Latimer Lara A. , Pope Lizzy , Wansink Brian
Published: July 2015

Objective

The study objective was to identify how food neophilia—having an adventurous eating style for new/different foods—may relate to body mass index (BMI).

Methods

A nationwide online survey was conducted in 2012 with a group of 501 diverse young women (mean age = 26.8, mean BMI = 25.96). Items measured eating adventurousness, perceptions of novel foods, lifestyle and psychological characteristics, and BMI (dependent variable).

Results

Linear regressions were run to examine associations between eating adventurousness and weight‐related outcomes. To examine mean differences between adventurous and non‐adventurous eaters, a one‐way ANOVA was run for variables on perceptions of novel foods, lifestyle, and psychology (significance level = P < 0.05). Food neophiles had lower BMIs (P < 0.01) and were more likely to cook to connect with their heritage, host friends for dinner, be physically active, and be concerned about the healthfulness of food, when compared to non‐adventurous eaters (all P values < 0.05).

Conclusions

Promoting adventurous eating in adults could help individuals lose/maintain weight without feeling as restricted. Given the lack of research on food neophiles, future studies should examine their characteristics and behaviors, as well as how food neophiles may intersect with others interested in food (e.g., foodies).
Target Mediated Drug Disposition Model of CPHPC in Patients with Systemic Amyloidosis
Authors: Sahota T , Berges A , Barton S , Cookson L , Zamuner S , Richards D
Published: July 2015

The amyloid deposits that cause disease in systemic amyloidosis always contain the normal plasma protein, serum amyloid P (SAP) component. SAP is the target of a novel immunotherapy approach now being developed to eliminate amyloid deposits. The treatment is enabled by, and critically depends on, the use of the drug (R)‐1‐[6‐[(R)‐2‐carboxy‐pyrrolidin‐1‐yl]‐6‐oxo‐hexanoyl]pyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylic acid (CPHPC, GSK2315698, Ro 63‐8695), which depletes circulating SAP almost completely but leaves some SAP in amyloid deposits for specific recognition by subsequently administered therapeutic anti‐SAP antibodies. Herein, we report a mechanistic model that predicts, with clinically acceptable precision, the exposure‐response relationship for CPHPC, both in healthy individuals and in patients with systemic amyloidosis. The model covariates are gender, renal function, total amyloid load, and presence of hepatic amyloid, all of which are known at baseline. The model is being used to predict individualized dosing regimens in an ongoing, first‐in‐human study with anti‐SAP antibodies.

CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2015) 4, 116–126; doi:10.1002/psp4.15; published online on 4 February 2015.
BioModels: Content, Features, Functionality, and Use
Authors: Juty N , Ali R , Glont M , Keating S , Rodriguez N , Swat MJ , Wimalaratne SM , Hermjakob H , Le Novère N , Laibe C , Chelliah V
Published: July 2015

BioModels is a reference repository hosting mathematical models that describe the dynamic interactions of biological components at various scales. The resource provides access to over 1,200 models described in literature and over 140,000 models automatically generated from pathway resources. Most model components are cross‐linked with external resources to facilitate interoperability. A large proportion of models are manually curated to ensure reproducibility of simulation results. This tutorial presents BioModels' content, features, functionality, and usage.

CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2015) 4, 55–68; doi:10.1002/psp4.3; published online 25 February 2015
Associations among solicitation, relationship quality, and adolescents' disclosure and secrecy with mothers and best friends
Authors: Villalobos Solís Myriam , Smetana Judith G. , Comer Jessamy
Published: July 2015

Disclosure and secrecy with mothers and best friends about personal, bad behavior, and multifaceted (e.g., staying out late) activities were examined using daily diaries among 102 ethnically diverse, urban middle adolescents (M = 15.18 years, SD = .89). Adolescents disclosed more and kept fewer secrets from best friends than from mothers and more frequently disclosed and kept secrets about their personal than their bad behavior and multifaceted activities. Better daily relationship quality was associated with more disclosure about personal and multifaceted activities and less secrecy about bad behaviors for both mothers and best friends. Overall, when mothers solicited information, adolescents disclosed more but also kept more secrets from them, whereas best friends' solicitation was mostly associated with more disclosure.
Educational inequalities in aging‐related declines in fluid cognition and the onset of cognitive pathology
Authors: Clouston Sean A.P. , Glymour M. Maria , Terrera Graciela Muñiz
Published: July 2015

Background

Education has been robustly associated with cognitive reserve and dementia, but not with the rate of cognitive aging, resulting in some confusion about the mechanisms of cognitive aging. This study uses longitudinal data to differentiate between trajectories indicative of healthy versus pathologic cognitive aging.

Methods

Participants included 9401 Health and Retirement Study respondents aged ≥55 years who completed cognitive testing regularly over 17.3 years until most recently in 2012. Individual‐specific random change‐point modeling was used to identify age of incident pathologic decline; acceleration is interpreted as indicating likely onset of pathologic decline when it is significant and negative.

Results

These methods detect incident dementia diagnoses with specificity/sensitivity of 89.3%/44.3%, 5.6 years before diagnosis. Each year of education was associated with 0.09 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.087–0.096; P < .001) standard deviation higher baseline cognition and delayed onset of cognitive pathology (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96–0.99; P = .006).

Conclusions

Longitudinal random change‐point modeling was able to reliably identify incident dementia. Accounting for incident cognitive pathology, we find that education predicts cognitive capability and delayed onset pathologic declines.
Acute Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Secondary to Anconeus Epitrochlearis Muscle
Authors: Ying-Kan Law
Published: June 2015

Cubital tunnel syndrome is the most common type of ulnar nerve entrapment that usually associates with chronic sensory and motor symptoms. Having anconeus epitrochlearis muscle is an uncommon cause of cubital tunnel syndrome. In this paper, the author introduces a case of cubital tunnel syndrome due to anconeus epitrochlearis muscle presenting with acute sensory, motor, and sympathetic symptoms. For such cases, there has been much controversy over the choices of surgical treatment, which can be excision of the muscle alone or together with ulnar nerve anterior transposition.
Rawls on Markets and Corporate Governance
Authors: Norman Wayne
Published: July 2015

Like most egalitarian political philosophers, John Rawls believes that a just society will rely on markets and business firms for much of its economic activity—despite acknowledging that market systems will tend to create very unequal distributions of goods, opportunities, power, and status. Rawls himself remains one of the few contemporary political philosophers to explore at any length the way an egalitarian theory of justice might deal with fundamental options in political economy. This article examines his arguments and conclusions on these topics. It argues that contemporary Rawlsians will reach different conclusions if they take more seriously than Rawls himself did: (1) the implications, for the political culture and the democratic regulatory state, of large firms competing in adversarial markets characterized by the inevitable “fact of market failure,” and (2) the relevance of ownership and governance relationships involving different kinds of business firms. And with respect to the second point, Rawlsians and other egalitarians have much to learn from contemporary economic, legal, and sociological theories of the firm, and the role of these theories in the structure of and rationale for corporate law. This is the kind of social theory that Rawls believes is relevant to the justification and application of theories of justice, but he himself did not appeal to it in his writings on political economy. Contemporary egalitarians can and should appeal to it now, and in doing so correct errors and omissions in Rawls’s analysis. But taking seriously the two points mentioned above will also force egalitarians who support efficient markets to face difficult dilemmas or compromises of their own.
Freedom as Non-Domination in the Jurisprudence of Constitutional Rights
Authors: Daly Eoin
Published: July 2015

In recent decades, neo-republican philosophers have developed a theory of freedom as non-domination, which, they claim, is conceptually and analytically distinct from the “liberal” concept of freedom as non-interference. However, neo-republicans have intervened in constitutional debate almost exclusively in relation to structural issues of institutional competence, and have made little impact on the analytical jurisprudence of constitutional rights. While judicial review seems ill equipped to respond to the distributive dimensions of republican freedom, republicans like Richard Bellamy have argued that the whole edifice of countermajoritarian, strong-form judicial review is itself an affront to freedom as non-domination properly understood. Republican freedom, in this lens, is defined structurally, procedurally and politically rather than in relation to a definite set, concept or theory of rights that is put outside and beyond politics. And partly for this reason, there has been little commentary concerning how the theory of freedom as non-domination might inform constitutional-rights doctrine. This article will argue, first, that the neo-republican view can usefully inform constitutional-rights doctrine notwithstanding republican reservations concerning judicial power. Second, it will propose a number of specific ways in which the jurisprudence of constitutional rights might account for the central concerns of the republican idea.
Blackmail, Subjectivity and Culpability
Authors: Rivlin Ram
Published: July 2015

The best way to cope with what is known as “the paradox of blackmail” – a threat to act permissibly – is to deny its premise, namely the permissibility of the threatened act. This view holds that upon reflection all cases of wrongful blackmail actually involve a threat to actimpermissibly. Therefore, blackmail is coercive, and should be criminalized as a regular case of extortion. This conclusion may rely on a subjectivist notion of permissibility, which sees intentions as relevant to permissibility, given that the blackmailer intends to harm the victim via the threatened act. Yet the view that intentions are relevant to permissibility evaluations is strongly criticized in contemporary moral theory. Nevertheless, this paper attempts to show that under a full understanding of the functions of coercion claims and the wrong in extortion, harmful intentions can be relevant to criminalization even if they are not directly relevant to permissibility.
Communicating Public Health Preparedness Information to Pregnant and Postpartum Women: An Assessment of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Web Pages
Authors: McDonough Brianna , Felter Elizabeth , Downes Amia , Trauth Jeanette
Published: July 2015

Pregnant and postpartum women have special needs during public health emergencies but often have inadequate levels of disaster preparedness. Thus, improving maternal emergency preparedness is a public health priority. More research is needed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches to how preparedness information is communicated to these women. A sample of web pages from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention intended to address the preparedness needs of pregnant and postpartum populations was examined for suitability for this audience. Five of the 7 web pages examined were considered adequate. One web page was considered not suitable and one the raters split between not suitable and adequate. None of the resources examined were considered superior. If these resources are considered some of the best available to pregnant and postpartum women, more work is needed to improve the suitability of educational resources, especially for audiences with low literacy and low incomes. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:134-137)
Detection of skewed X-chromosome inactivation in Fragile X syndrome and X chromosome aneuploidy using quantitative melt analysis
Authors: Godler David E. , Inaba Yoshimi , Schwartz Charles E. , Bui Quang M. , Shi Elva Z. , Li Xin , Herlihy Amy S. , Skinner Cindy , Hagerman Randi J. , Francis David , Amor David J. , Metcalfe Sylvia A. , Hopper John L. , Slater Howard R.
Published: July 2015

Methylation of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) exon 1/intron 1 boundary positioned fragile X related epigenetic element 2 (FREE2), reveals skewed X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in fragile X syndrome full mutation (FM: CGG > 200) females. XCI skewing has been also linked to abnormal X-linked gene expression with the broader clinical impact for sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs). In this study, 10 FREE2 CpG sites were targeted using methylation specific quantitative melt analysis (MS-QMA), including 3 sites that could not be analysed with previously used EpiTYPER system. The method was applied for detection of skewed XCI in FM females and in different types of SCA. We tested venous blood and saliva DNA collected from 107 controls (CGG < 40), and 148 FM and 90 SCA individuals. MS-QMA identified: (i) most SCAs if combined with a Y chromosome test; (ii) locus-specific XCI skewing towards the hypomethylated state in FM females; and (iii) skewed XCI towards the hypermethylated state in SCA with 3 or more X chromosomes, and in 5% of the 47,XXY individuals. MS-QMA output also showed significant correlation with the EpiTYPER reference method in FM males and females (P < 0.0001) and SCAs (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrate use of MS-QMA to quantify skewed XCI in two applications with diagnostic utility.
Rheology of dense suspensions of non-colloidal spheres in yield-stress fluids
Authors: Dagois-Bohy Simon , Hormozi Sarah , Guazzelli Élisabeth , Pouliquen Olivier
Published: July 2015

Pressure-imposed rheometry is used to study the rheological properties of suspensions of non-colloidal spheres in yield-stress fluids. Accurate measurements for both the shear stress and the particle normal stress are obtained in the dense regime. The rheological measurements are favourably compared with a model based on scaling arguments and homogenisation methods.
MARTIN-LÖF RANDOMNESS IN SPACES OF CLOSED SETS
Authors: AXON LOGAN M.
Published: July 2015

Algorithmic randomness was originally defined for Cantor space with the fair-coin measure. Recent work has examined algorithmic randomness in new contexts, in particular closed subsets of 2ɷ ([2] and [8]). In this paper we use the probability theory of closed set-valued random variables (RACS) to extend the definition of Martin-Löf randomness to spaces of closed subsets of locally compact, Hausdorff, second countable topological spaces. This allows for the study of Martin-Löf randomness in many new spaces, but also gives a new perspective on Martin-Löf randomness for 2ɷ and on the algorithmically random closed sets of [2] and [8]. The first half of this paper is devoted to developing the machinery of Martin-Löf randomness for general spaces of closed sets. We then prove some general results and move on to show how the algorithmically random closed sets of [2] and [8] fit into this new framework.
A Critical Analysis of the Laws of Inheritance in the Southern States of Nigeria
Authors: Edu OK
Published: July 2015

This article critically examines the customary laws of inheritance in the communities of southern Nigeria. It argues that the rules are skewed against female beneficiaries, both wives and children. It also argues that courts faced with such customs should subject them to the repugnancy test contained in the Evidence Act 2004, the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 and other international conventions to which Nigeria is party, as do the courts in Ghana, South Africa and Botswana.
Income Effects on Health: Evidence from Union Army Pensions
Authors: Eli Shari
Published: July 2015

To what extent do rising income levels explain the decline in adult mortality rates experienced in the United States a century ago? I explore this question by investigating the income effect of the country's first wide-scale entitlement program: the Union Army pensions. Documenting that Republican Congressional candidates boosted pensions to secure votes, I exploit exogenous increases in income stemming from patronage politics to estimate the semi-elasticity of disease onset with respect to pensions. Income effects are large for cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory illnesses.
Average thickness of tragal cartilage for slicing techniques in tympanoplasty
Authors: Khan M M , Parab S R
Published: July 2015

Background:

Cartilage-perichondrial grafts are often used for tympanic membrane and middle-ear reconstructions. Tragal and conchal cartilages are most frequently used for this purpose. Studies have shown that slicing the cartilage to less than 0.5 mm thickness improves acoustic benefit. However, the thickness of the cartilage in a given population may not be uniform.

Objective:

This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to determine the average thickness of tragal cartilage (in terms of age and sex) in an Indian population.

Method:

A prospective study of 61 tragal cartilages harvested during serial tympanoplasty and modified radical mastoidectomy were analysed according to thickness.

Results:

The total average thickness of tragal cartilage was 1.228 ± 0.204 mm in males and 1.090 ± 0.162 mm in females. The overall thickness was 1.018 ± 0.139 mm in those aged less than 15 years, 1.139 ± 0.238 mm in those aged 15–30, and 1.189 ± 0.155 mm in those aged over 30 years.

Conclusion:

The findings help us to determine age-related cartilage thickness for slicing techniques in tympanoplasty.
AQP1, AQP5, Bcl-2 and p16 in pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lehnerdt G F , Bachmann H S , Adamzik M , Panic A , Köksal E , Weller P , Lang S , Schmid K W , Siffert W , Bankfalvi A
Published: July 2015

Objective:

This study aimed to link expression patterns of AQP1, AQP5, Bcl-2 and p16 to clinicopathological characteristics of oro-hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.

Methods:

Immunohistochemical expression of AQP1, AQP5, Bcl-2 and p16 was investigated in 107 consecutive oro-hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cases. Molecular interrelationship and correlations with clinicopathological parameters and survival were computed.

Results:

AQP1 was expressed exclusively by a subgroup of basaloid-like squamous cell carcinomas. AQP5 was detected in 25.2 per cent of the samples, showing significant association with the absence of p16 and Bcl-2 (p = 0.018; p = 0.010). In multivariate analysis, overexpression of p16 was significantly correlated with favourable overall survival (p = 0.014).

Conclusion:

AQP5 defined a subset of patients with Bcl-2-negative and p16-negative tumours with a poor clinical outcome. AQP1 was found to be a marker of a subgroup of aggressive basaloid-like squamous cell carcinomas. These findings suggest that AQP1 and AQP5 are interesting candidates for further studies on risk group classification and personalised treatment of oro-hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.
Nietzsche on Thucydidean Realism
Authors: Polansky David
Published: July 2015

It is now conventional in both pedagogical and scholarly venues to characterize Thucydides as a “realist.” Few, however, have noted that the first major writer to describe him in these terms is not Machiavelli or Hobbes (alongside whom he is frequently placed), but Friedrich Nietzsche. This article seeks to investigate the particular character of Thucydides's realism through a close reading of Nietzsche's discussions of Thucydides and hisHistory. Three interpretations are explored: realism as a mode of investigating or understanding the world, realism as a set of ideas about the possibilities of establishing grounds for justice in the world, and realism as a matter of character.
A critical appraisal of foreign language research in content and language integrated learning, young language learners, and technology-enhanced language learning published in Spain (2003–2012)
Authors: Dooly Melinda , Masats Dolors
Published: July 2015

This state-of-the-art review provides a critical overview of research publications in Spain in the last ten years in three areas of teaching and learning foreign languages (especially English): context and language integrated learning (CLIL), young language learners (YLL), and technology-enhanced language learning (TELL). These three domains have been selected for their relevance to current education policies and practices in Spain. This review aims to provide access for international readers to research published in Spain in the local languages or in English, within these innovative fields.

El presente artículo ofrece una mirada crítica a las investigaciones en torno a la enseñanza y aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras en España en los últimos diez años. Este estado de la cuestión presta especial atención al inglés y aborda tres ejes que tienen gran relevancia en las actuales políticas educativas y las prácticas docentes en España: la introducción temprana de una lengua extranjera, el aprendizaje integrado de contenidos y lenguas extranjeras (AICLE) y el aprendizaje de lenguas asistido por ordenador (ALAO). Este artículo pretende divulgar internacionalmente los estudios publicados en el ámbito nacional, en inglés y en las lenguas vernáculas, en estas áreas de innovación.
Invited colloquium – on publishing in applied linguistics: A forum on innovation and challenges in a changing world, AAAL Conference 2014
Authors: Byrnes Heidi
Published: July 2015

Presented at the American Association for Applied Linguistics (AAAL) Annual Conference, Portland, Oregon, USA, 23 March 2014.

Under the leadership of then 1st vice president and program chair Aneta Pavlenko, Temple University, the 2014 AAAL conference had as one of its focal areas the changing scene of publishing in a digital and global age. Within an array of offerings addressing the theme, this three-hour invited colloquium, organized by Heidi Byrnes, Georgetown University, and Emily Farrell, of De Gruyter Mouton, explored trends and challenges especially pertinent to the work of applied linguists.
Indirect solution of optimal control problems with state variable inequality constraints: finite difference approximation
Authors: Nikoobin A. , Moradi M.
Published: July 2015

In this paper, a method for the indirect solution of the optimal control problem (OCP) in the presence of pure state variable inequality constraints (SVICs) and mixed state-control inequality constraints (SCIC), without a need for a close initial guess is presented. In the proposed method, using the finite difference approximation (FDA), the pure SVICs are converted to SCIC. Here, the distance of the constraint function to the feasibility bounds of the constraint is computed in every situation and the control signal is chosen appropriately to facilitate the constraint stays safe. In this method, prior knowledge of the numbers and sequences of activation times is not required. So, it can be simply implemented in continuous boundary value problem (BVP) solvers. The proposed method simply applies the SVICs and since the constraint is directly applied on the control signal, it improves the convergence. On the other hand, because of the convergence problem in the indirect solution of OCP, the simple homotopy continuation method (HCM) is used to overcome the initial guess problem by deploying a secondary OCP for which the initial guess can be zero. The proposed approach is applied on a few comprehensive problems in the presence of different constraints. Simulations are compared with the direct solution of the OCP to confirm the accuracy and with the penalty function method and the sequential constraint-free OCP to confirm the convergence. The results indicate that the FDA method for handling the constraints along with the HCM is easy to apply with acceptable accuracy and convergence, even for highly nonlinear problems in robotic systems such as the constrained time optimal control of a two-link manipulator (TLM) and a three-link common industrial robot.
Regrammation and paradigmatization: Diachronic analysis of a number of progressive periphrases in French
Authors: KRAGH KIRSTEN JEPPESEN , SCHØSLER LENE
Published: July 2015

In the present article, our purpose is to characterize each of the periphrases expressing progressivityPierre est / va / s’en va / vient / s’en vient chantant, Pierre est à / après chanter, Pierre est en train de chanteras members of a progressive paradigm, and to provide arguments in favour of including the so-called deictic relative construction (Je vois) Pierre qui chantein this paradigm. Our arguments comprise diachronic, diastratic, Francophone, and Creole evidence. In Kragh and Schøsler (2014), we have examined in detail this construction, focusing on the grammaticalization process and, in particular, on the reanalysis and actualization process. We here propose an analysis of the deictic relative as yet another way of expressing progressivity. If our analysis is correct, the deictic relative should be considered as a member of the French tense, aspect, and mode (TAM) paradigm.
This, that and the other: locating the supernatural enemy in Old English
Authors: MEARNS ADAM
Published: July 2015

This article explores the concept of thesupernaturaland the characterization of monsters and devils in Old English (OE), using the framework of a prototype model of semantic structure. Although there is a lexical gap, with no OE word equivalent to Present-Day Englishsupernatural, it is possible to identify a set of semantic traits that constitute a covert conceptual category similar to the modern concept and encompassing Anglo-Saxon monsters and devils. The essence of this category is ‘exclusion’. The difference between the modern and medieval concepts is that, for the Anglo-Saxons, the boundary of the supernatural was conceptually much ‘closer’ and conceived in less abstract terms, corresponding to the frontier between the civilized space of society and the unruly alien space beyond. Similarities in the words applied to them reflect the fact that supernatural beings shared this alien space with other more mundane outsiders, such as foreigners and criminals. As its most extraordinary members, however, Anglo-Saxon monsters and devils played an important role in delineating the boundaries of society by acting as a challenge or counterexample to the principles of proper behaviour and accepted beliefs from which that civilized space was constructed and therefore supporting the normative function of the Anglo-Saxons’ ‘sense of place’ in the terms of Converyet al.(2012).
Mackems, Geordiesandram-raiders: documenting regional variation in historical dictionaries
Authors: DURKIN PHILIP
Published: July 2015

The article examines the challenges encountered by historical dictionaries in documenting regional variation in lexis, and in recording and describing the association of lexical items with particular regionally based linguistic identities. After a short section looking at general issues in labelling the regional distribution and provenance of lexical items in historical dictionaries, it looks in detail at theOED’s treatment of three test cases:Mackem‘person from Sunderland or Wearside’;petas a term of endearment or form of address; andram-raidand related terms. All three have some connection with the north-east of England, but this differs greatly in each case:ram-raid(probably) originated in Tyneside, but there is now little awareness of this either inside or outside the north-east;petdid not originate in the north-east, nor is it restricted to use in this region, but it is widely recognized as a marker of north-eastern (or sometimes specifically Tyneside) linguistic identity;Mackemhas little currency outside the north-east, but within the region it has some importance in signalling a distinctive Sunderland or Wearside linguistic and cultural identity. The article places these different lexical histories in the context of current research on enregisterment of lexis, and examines how definitions, labelling, descriptive notes and carefully selected quotation evidence can all be pressed into service in attempting to present nuanced accounts of the histories of such lexical items in a historical dictionary.
Which comes first in the double object construction?
Authors: YÁÑEZ-BOUZA NURIA , DENISON DAVID
Published: July 2015

Competition between two methods of marking recipient/beneficiary and theme has figured in much recent research:

(1)

Jim gave the driver £5.   (indirect object before direct object)

(2)

Jim gave £5 to the driver.   (direct object before prepositional phrase)

A reverse double object variant is often ignored or treated as a minor and highly restricted variant:

(3)

(a)

?Jim gave £5 the driver.   (direct object before indirect object)

(b)

Jim gave it him.

However, pattern (3) was much more widespread even in late Modern English, while there is clear dialectal variation within present-day British English.

In this article we investigate the pronominal pattern (3b), mainly in relation to pattern (1), tracking its progressive restriction in distribution. We mine three of the Penn parsed corpora for the general history in English of double object patterns with two pronoun objects. We then add a further nine dialect and/or historical English corpora selected for coverage and representativeness. A usage database of examples in these corpora allows more detailed description than has been possible hitherto. The analysis focuses on verb lemmas, objects and dialect variation and offers an important corrective to the bulk of research on the so-called Dative Alternation between patterns (1) and (2). We also examine works in the normative grammatical tradition, producing a precept database that reveals the changing status of variants as dialectal or preferred. In our conclusion we show the importance of prefabricated expressions (prefabs) in the later history of (3), sketching an analysis in Construction Grammar terms.
Interplay of bigram frequency and orthographic neighborhood statistics in language membership decision
Authors: OGANIAN YULIA , CONRAD MARKUS , ARYANI ARASH , HEEKEREN HAUKE R. , SPALEK KATHARINA
Published: July 2015

Language-specific orthography (i.e., letters or bigrams that exist in only one language) is known to facilitate language membership recognition. Yet the contribution of continuous sublexical and lexical statistics to language membership decisions during visual word processing is unknown. Here, we used pseudo-words to investigate whether continuous sublexical and lexical statistics bias explicit language decisions (Experiment 1) and language attribution during naming (Experiment 2). We also asked whether continuous statistics would have an effect in the presence of orthographic markers. Language attribution in both experiments was influenced by lexical neighborhood size differences between languages, even in presence of orthographic markers. Sublexical frequencies of occurrence affected reaction times only for unmarked pseudo-words in both experiments, with greater effects in naming. Our results indicate that bilinguals rely on continuous language-specific statistics at sublexical and lexical levels to infer language membership. Implications are discussed with respect to models of bilingual visual word recognition.
The knots of narrative. Contemporaneity and its relation to history
Authors: Crossland Zoë
Published: July 2015

In this wonderfully rich and thought-provoking article, Gavin Lucas exhorts us to write about archaeology in the mode of the contemporary. This is to attend to the shifting interplay between past, present and future, undertaken through a focus on the relations between objects, in contrast to the impoverished concern with succession and order that a notion of chronological contemporaneity imposes. His paper undertakes the useful task of disentangling concepts around time and contemporaneity, and raises a number of interesting questions. Here, I would like to discuss two of the most compelling contributions of Lucas's paper: the foregrounding of modes of persistence and of consociality, both of which I would like to explore by reflecting on my experiences of historical narrative and alternate temporalities in the history of highland Madagascar. The issue of persistence introduces the question of historical privilege – that is, how do some things persist while others fall to dust? And how is that persistence recognized and maintained? This same question of recognition (and misrecognition) is also at the heart of consociality; how are consociates acknowledged as contemporaneous, and what room is there for refusal?
Existential contemporaneity. Or what we as archaeologists can learn from Archie Leach
Authors: Karlsson Håkan
Published: July 2015

From my point of view, discussions of the content of the concept of time are always welcome in archaeology since the archaeological discourse on this topic has for many years been anchored in a quite simplified and axiomatic chronological approach. Discussions of other aspects of, and approaches towards, the concept of time have – with few exceptions – been neglected. It is therefore with pleasure that I have been presented with the opportunity to comment briefly on Gavin Lucas's article ‘Archaeology and contemporaneity’, which approaches the concept of contemporaneity in and of the archaeological record. I would like to start this comment in a rather unorthodox way with a brief quotation from the movie A Fish Called Wanda since I think this quotation encapsulates both my agreement with, and my critique of, the reasonings presented by Lucas:

Archie: Wanda, do you have any idea what it's like being English? Being so correct all the time, being so stifled by this dread of, of doing the wrong thing, of saying to someone, ‘Are you married?’ and hearing, ‘My wife left me this morning,’ or saying, uh, ‘Do you have children?’ and being told they all burned to death on Wednesday. You see, Wanda, we’re all terrified of embarrassment. That's why we’re so – dead. Most of my friends are dead, you know; we’ve these piles of corpses to dinner. But you’re alive, God bless you, and I want to be, I’m so fed up with all this (A Fish Called Wanda, 1988)

It may be concluded from the quotation above that the time horizons of past, present and future are interconnected and intertwined in Archie's and Wanda's contemporaneity. At least Archie is heavily influenced by the past and its traditions, and his contemporary situation is grounded in the past as well as in the future, when he is trying to break free and direct himself towards a new future. Thus Archie's fictional life is a blueprint of the conditions of our own existences where past, present and future are inseparable and interconnected in a manner where they cannot be divided into separate chronological time horizons. I will return to this observation and to Archie and Wanda further on, but I believe that Lucas agrees with my initial observation concerning the relationship between past, present and future as inseparable and blended entities – this, since his article approaches the concept of time and contemporaneity in and of the archaeological record in a thought-provoking and inspiring manner.
Parenting Support in the Dutch ‘Participation Society’
Authors: Knijn Trudie , Hopman Marit
Published: July 2015

This article focuses on ‘the turn to parenting’ in the Netherlands and embeds it in a major reform called ‘transition and transformation’. While support for parenting by way of public healthcare and denominational family care and advice has a long tradition in the Netherlands, the field gained new importance in the 1990s under the influence of medical and psychological ‘scientification’ and the introduction of evidence-based methods. Current reforms are modulated with a critique of specialised forms of parent support and (re-)introduce a community- and family-based approach in which professionals are charged with helping families to help themselves and with guiding and supervising volunteers who actually do the job of parenting support.
Semi-analytical study on the generic degeneracy for galaxy clustering measurements
Authors: Guarnizo Alejandro , Amendola Luca , Kunz Martin , Vollmer Adrian
Published: July 2015

From the galaxy power spectrum in redshift space, we derive semi-analytical results on the generic degeneracy of galaxy clustering measurements. Defining the observables A = Gbσ8 and R = Gfσ8, (being G the growth function, b the bias, f the growth rate, and σ8 the amplitude of the power spectrum), we perform a Fisher matrix formalism to forecast the expected precision of these quantities for a Euclid-like survey. Among the results we found that galaxy surveys have generically a slightly negative correlation between A and R, and they can always measure R about 3.7 to 4.7 times better than A.
ANNz2 - Photometric redshift and probability density function estimation using machine-learning
Authors: Sadeh Iftach
Published: July 2015

Large photometric galaxy surveys allow the study of questions at the forefront of science, such as the nature of dark energy. The success of such surveys depends on the ability to measure the photometric redshifts of objects (photo-zs), based on limited spectral data. A new major version of the public photo-z estimation software, ANNz, is presented here. The new code incorporates several machine-learning methods, such as artificial neural networks and boosted decision/regression trees, which are all used in concert. The objective of the algorithm is to dynamically optimize the performance of the photo-z estimation, and to properly derive the associated uncertainties. In addition to single-value solutions, the new code also generates full probability density functions in two independent ways.
Quantifying correlations between galaxy emission lines and stellar continua using a PCA-based technique
Authors: Beck Róbert , Dobos László , Csabai István
Published: July 2015

We analyse the correlations between continuum properties and emission line equivalent widths of star-forming and narrow-line active galaxies from SDSS. We show that emission line strengths can be predicted reasonably well from PCA coefficients of the stellar continuum using local multiple linear regression. Since upcoming sky surveys will make broadband observations only, theoretical modelling of spectra will be essential to estimate physical properties of galaxies. Combined with stellar population synthesis models, our technique will help generate more accurate model spectra and mock catalogues of galaxies to be used to fit data from new surveys. We also show that, by combining PCA coefficients from the pure continuum and the emission lines, a plausible distinction can be made between weak AGNs and quiescent star-forming galaxies. Our method uses a support vector machine, and allows a more refined separation of active and star-forming galaxies than the empirical curve of Kauffmann et al. (2003).
A Monte Carlo study of cosmological parameter estimators from galaxy cluster number counts
Authors: Penna-Lima Mariana , Makler Martín , Wuensche Carlos A.
Published: July 2015

Models for galaxy clusters abundance and their spatial distribution are sensitive to cosmological parameters. Present and future surveys will provide high-redshift sample of clusters, such as Dark Energy Survey (z ⩽ 1.3), making cluster number counts one of the most promising cosmological probes. In the literature, some cosmological analyses are carried out using small cluster catalogs (tens to hundreds), like in Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) surveys. However, it is not guaranteed that maximum likelihood estimators of cosmological parameters are unbiased in this scenario. In this work we study different estimators of the cold dark matter density parameter Ωc, σ8 and the dark energy equation of state parameter w0 obtained from cluster abundance. Using an unbinned likelihood for cluster number counts and the Monte Carlo approach, we determine the presence of bias and how it varies with the size of the sample. Our fiducial models are based on the South Pole Telescope (SPT). We show that the biases from SZ estimators do not go away with increasing sample sizes and they may become the dominant source of error for an all sky survey at the SPT sensitivity.
New Challenges in Cosmology Posed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Data
Authors: Banerjee Adrija , Kumar Pal Arnab
Published: July 2015

For SDSS quasar data (2005) we have truncated data structure whereas for the survey of 2007 the data is no longer truncated. This calls for development or use of completely different statistical methodology to study the data for the evolution of the same objects like quasars. These different methodologies suggest different interpretation for a particular phenomenon in nature. This leads to the issue of validation of the data. More intriguing and challenging issue crops up as, given all of the data, what can be said about the laws of physics that have been operating over the universe? Over here we have used the concept of Neural Network to model the relationship between redshift and apparent magnitude.
Precision cosmology, Accuracy cosmology and Statistical cosmology
Authors: Verde Licia
Published: July 2015

The avalanche of data over the past 10-20 years has propelled cosmology into the “precision era”. The next challenge cosmology has to meet is to enter the era of accuracy. Because of the intrinsic nature of studying the Cosmos and the sheer amount of data available now and coming soon, the only way to meet this challenge is by developing suitable and specific statistical techniques. The road from precision Cosmology to accurate Cosmology goes through statistical Cosmology. I will outline some open challenges and discuss some specific examples.
Cross-correlating spectroscopic and photometric galaxy surveys
Authors: Eriksen Martin B. , Gaztañaga Enrique
Published: July 2015

Does photometric and spectroscopic survey benefit from overlapping areas? The photometric survey measures 2D Weak Lensing (WL) information from galaxy shape distortions. On the other hand, the higher redshift precision of an spectroscopic survey allows measurements of redshift space distortions (RSD) and baryonic accustic oscillations (BAO) from 3D galaxy counts.

The two surveys are combined using 2D-correlations, using sufficiently narrow bins to capture the radial information. This poster present effects of RSD and intrinsic correlations between narrow redshift bins. In understanding how the effects affects cosmological constrains, we first define two stage-IV and then present forecast for various configurations. When surveys overlap, they benefit from additional cross-correlations and sample variance cancellations from overlapping volumes. For a combined dark energy and growth history figure of merit, the result increase 50% for overlapping surveys, corresponding to 30% larger area.