bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of vehicle undercarriage with roadster body using topological optimization
Authors: Basov A. O , Smirnov A. A
Published: April 2022

Nowadays the key task of designer is to reduce the mass of the automobile. This requirement is dictated by increasing demands for efficiency and dynamics of vehicle. On the other hand, the constantly increasing requirements for comfort and safety of the automobile, as well as the degree of automation of the driver's work lead to the use of a large number of additional systems, which increases the weight of the vehicle. In addition, the use of alternative power plants leads to the appearance of non-standard layout schemes. The number of manufactured models is increasing to satisfy all consumer groups. Simultaneously, the time period for R&D is reduced. In these conditions, we consider that it is effective to use methods of topological optimization of the undercarriage at the stage of the choice of the power circuit and the concept of the undercarriage. The article deals with the process of topological optimization of the vehicle undercarriage with roadster body. The car was developed at the Bauman MSTU. The process of developing of vehicle layout and design of driver position using a virtual manikin are shown. The process of preparing the design space for a computational model for optimizing is considered. A description of the finite element model for optimizing the undercarriage is given. There are considered two groups of calculation cases: operational and emergency. The optimization problem is formulated, the objective function and constraints are given. When performing calculations, the OptiStruct software was used. The results of optimization of the undercarriage for several loading regimes are presented. The analysis of the obtained topology is carried out.
The digital gauge of a tension of a belt of a gas-distributing mechanism and the generator in VAZ vehicles
Authors: Ermakov V. V , Maleev R. A , Holodov A. A , SHmatkov YU. M
Published: April 2022

In this article, the analysis of belt tension measurement instruments for the gas-distributing mechanism of automotive internal combustion engines is presented. The review and analysis of belt tension measurement instruments of the gas-distributing mechanism of leading foreign manufacturers was conducted. Classification of methods for measuring belt tension is carried out. It is concluded that the mechanical belt tension indicators do not provide sufficient measurement accuracy. The classification of electronic belt tensioners is considered. The main disadvantages of modern electronic measurement instruments of belt tension of the gas distribution mechanism of automobile internal combustion engines are revealed. A digital device for measuring the belt tension of the gas distribution mechanism of automotive internal combustion engines, developed at Togliatti Polytechnic University, is presented. Structural and schematic diagrams of the device for measuring belt tension, as well as working diagrams of the device, are given. The developed instrument is universal and can also be used to measure the tension of any belts, for example, for driving a car generator. The proposed method for measuring the tension of the gas-distributing belt and the generator can be further adapted to the use for motor vehicles of various automakers (including foreign ones) that are equipped, in particular, with electric start systems with a capacitive energy storage and a battery.
Necessity to create agricultural vehicles
Authors: Godzhaev Z. A , Evtyushenkov N. E , Kryukov M. L , Zakarchevskiy O. V
Published: April 2022

To ensure harvesting and transportation of crops on soils with low bearing capacity, a number of designs of harvesting vehicles on caterpillar tracks have been developed. Currently, a large fleet of harvesting and transporting machines operates in the caterpillar drive in the Far East, the countries of the near abroad, the Baltic States, Central Asia, Cuba, Vietnam and China. The main distinguishing feature of this class of machines is the need to provide high cross-country ability with minimal destruction of the fertile soil layer. The most important requirements for caterpillar propulsors, presented by consumers, are requirements for ensuring performance on surfaced roads, reducing noise and vibration of parts, increasing transport and operating speeds, driving comfort, increasing of service life, reducing of negative impact on the soil. Agriculture of Russia bears great losses due to the lack of equipment for working on soils with low bearing capacity, which leads to the fact that harvesting of winter crops lasts more than 40 days, losses reach 42%. In a rainy year, the number of harvesting and transport equipment is increasing, the machines cannot enter the field and are idle. To increase the efficiency of agriculture, it is necessary to develop technological means for performing transportation and technological processes in adverse weather conditions. A number of agricultural crops, such as soy and rice, are grown using paddy fields, which makes it difficult to harvest crops from harvesters. During application of fertilizers, about 40% of the soil surface is compacted by wheels. Sealing of soil promotes formation of large and dense blocks during plowing, which worsen the conditions for normal plant growth. At present, none of commercially produced vehicles used in agriculture meets the requirements of GOST 26955-86.
Dependence of durability and wear resistance on forcing and inaccuracies in ICE production
Authors: Kochenov V. A , Kazakov S. S , Grunin K. E
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the dependence of durability and wear resistance of parts on forcing and technical capabilities of the ICE production is analyzed. The development of engine building characterizes acceleration of ICE. Errors include a gap and correspondence of micro- and macrogeometry of the friction surfaces of the parts to their optimal, attained parameters. To ensure the operability, preservation and improvement of durability and wear resistance of parts, when forcing, the errors decrease. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the durability and wear resistance of parts from the technical capabilities of engine building, caused by design and production errors and the level of ICE forcing. The relationship between forcing, production and reliability is analyzed by the dynamics of development of automotive ICEs, empirical and predicted durability data and wear resistance of the crank mechanism and cylinder-piston group. The proportionality coefficient and the theoretical error of design and production of internal combustion engine for GAZ and ZMZ engines are being calculated. With modernization of production and reduction of errors, the technical characteristics of both an engine and a vehicle are improving. The connection between the engine and the car is given. Dependences of design and production errors and wear rates of the details of the crank mechanism and the cylinder-piston group on the forced internal combustion engine are derived. It is determined that with increase in compression ratio and the speed of a crankshaft, the wear rate decreases faster than the errors. This is due to the influence of errors on the properties of tribo-coupling, motor and car, the coordinated development of which provides increased growth of durability and wear resistance of parts.
Comparison of the analytical solutionof efficieтcy regenerative rotating heatexchangethe device with resultsof numericalcalculations
Authors: Kalnitsky F. E , Kostyukov A. V
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the thermal-hydraulic calculation of the rotating heat exchanger of a gas turbine engine. More specifically, the purpose of this work is to determine the error of the known analytical calculation of the efficiency of the regenerative heat exchanger in comparison with numerical calculation. Analytical and numerical calculations of the rotating heat exchanger are performed. The main problem of creating a methodology for the analytical solution of processes occurring in rotating heat exchangers is that it is necessary to solve the problem of non-stationary heat transfer from the hot coolant to the coolant through the regenerator packing. The solution of any non-stationary process of heat transfer requires knowledge of the boundary and initial conditions of the process. As initial conditions, it is necessary to use the dependence of the regenerator packing temperature field on the steady state of its operation. Such a relationship can only be obtained after the calculation is completed. In this case, the solution of the heat transfer problem in a rotating heat exchanger is possible using two methodological approaches. The first possibility is a solution by successive approximations. In addition to the fact that such a technique is very time-consuming, it allows us to obtain only a numerical solution of the problem, the possibilities of analysis are limited. The second possibility is the use of one or several assumptions. Such an analytical solution was obtained by Stepanov G.Yu. It is clear that the use of assumptions in analytical analysis or in analytical calculations requires an assessment of the accuracy of the methodology. An estimate of the accuracy of the analytical solution to the efficiency of a rotating heat exchanger is given in the proposed work. It is shown that the error of the analytical solution of the regenerator efficiency in the zone of high regeneration degree values is insignificant in comparison with numerical calculations. Analytical solutions proposed by Stepanov G.Yu., are accessible and effective in the process of creating regenerators. Of particular importance are analytical calculations of the efficiency of regenerators when recording solutions in the form required by the similarity theory. An increase in the error in the analytical calculation of the efficiency of the regenerator is noted with a decrease in the ratio of the water equivalents of the heat-transfer packing of the rotating heat exchanger and coolants (gas and air). Marked increase of error of the analytical calculation of the effectiveness of the Regener-Torah in the decrease of water equivalent heat transfer gaskets. no-return heat exchanger and coolants (gas and air).
Load distribution by zones of frame sub-constructions of D2 class buggy racing car
Authors: Bazhenov E. E , Buynachev S. K , Kustovskiy A. N
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the authors consider the loading of the buggy car system under the most typical loading modes: the mode of approach of the front wheel to the obstacle, the mode of the rear wheel approach to the obstacle, the mode of diagonal loading, as well as the mode of twisting the frame around the longitudinal axis. For the convenience of analysis, the frame of the buggy car is divided into substructures, which, in turn, are divided into zones. For each of the zones of each sub-structure, the bar graph shows the proportion of the perceived load for each type of loading. The presented graphs make it easy to analyze overloaded and underloaded areas. For example, the rods of the upper zone of the rear subframe take a very small load, given the proportion of their volume. The reverse situation is observed in the sidewall region: in this zone much lower load is accounted for by a much smaller volume of material. At the same time, the areas of the floor and the middle perceive a load share, consistent with its volume fraction, which can be considered the optimal indicator of load distribution by volume. In this connection, it is important to note that the presented diagrams of the distribution of medium stresses over zones of substructures can be used as a starting point for optimizing of existing or for developing of such structures “from scratch”. Calculation of the load applied to the substructure was carried out by summing the average stresses on the elements constituting the considered subconstruction. In addition, with the help of the appropriate coefficient, an estimate was made to the correspondence of the proportion of the volume of the zone of a particular subconstruction to the proportion of the load applied to it. This information can then be used to optimize the design or used as a starting point for the design of similar structures. All the presented calculations were performed in the SolidWorks software using the finite element method.
Optimization of the turbine diffuser of a multipurpose microturbine
Authors: Kosach L. A , Gornovskiy A. S , Kostyukov A. V , Eliseev K. Yu
Published: April 2022

One of the applications of microturbines is their use as part of a hybrid transmission. This will significantly improve the environmental friendliness of vehicles. One of the problems of microturbines with a radial turbine and heat exchanger is the effective braking of the gas flow behind the turbine in the turbine diffuser. The purpose of this paper is a design study of the flow of gas in diffusers of various designs in order to determine the optimal (for losses of the total pressure and uniformity of the velocity field) structure. For the study, two variants of the layout of the microturbine were taken. In the first case, the axis of rotation of the heat exchanger was located parallel to the axis of rotation of the impeller of the turbine stage, in the second case - perpendicular. In order to minimize losses, the geometry of the output device of the first variant of the arrangement of the microturbine was varied, in particular, the output device without and with deflectors was considered. From the results of calculations it follows that the introduction of deflectors into the geometry of the output device makes it possible to reduce the vortex formation and, correspondingly, the total pressure loss. To determine the loss and the optimal value of the diffuser opening angle, a series of flow computations in the stage of the radial-axial turbine with a variation in the slope angle of the upper generator of the output diffuser α (0.0°, 2.5°, 4.0°, 6.0°, 7.0°) were conducted. A preliminary study was made of the effect of the selected model of turbulence and the size of the grid on the results of the calculation. Analysis of the results of calculations showed that the minimum losses of the total pressure and the maximum increase in static pressure are provided by the diffuser with an angle of inclination of the upper generatrix of 6°. An increase in the angle of inclination of the upper generatrix of 7° leads to developed detachment currents and an increase in losses. A comparative analysis of the obtained data for different versions of the diffuser showed that the second version of the layout of the microturbine (with a straight circular annular baffle diffuser) has significantly lower total pressure losses in the turbine output device.
Optimization of the working cycle of a transport diesel engine by simulating the combustion process with a double Wiebe function
Authors: Kamaltdinov V. G , Markov V. A , Lysov I. O , Popov A. E , Smolij A. E
Published: April 2022

For modeling the working cycle of transport diesels, models with two laws of combustion according to the Wiebe, mathematically related to each other and corresponding to the initial and main periods of the process, are increasingly being used. However, known mathematical models give different results in estimating the distribution of fuel shares between these periods. These models also do not allow to simulate a smooth start of the combustion process. Therefore, a new mathematical model was developed for calculating the working cycle of a diesel engine with two independent laws of combustion of fuel, described by the functions of Wiebe. Communication between them is carried out through a new parameter, which is the proportion of fuel, burning in the initial period, from the total cyclic feed. The novelty of the model is also the ability to set, within a wide range, independently of each other, the angles of the start and duration of the first and second combustion laws for the initial and base periods, respectively. A program for calculating the operating cycle with simulation of the combustion process using a new mathematical model is developed. Calculations have been made for a transport diesel engine equipped with a fuel-supply system of a battery type. The results of the calculation showed that an increase in the fraction of the fuel burned according to the first law from 0.1 to ~ 0.3 with other parameters being constant leads to a significant increase in the maximum pressure in the diesel cylinder and some improvement in the indicator indexes. With a further increase in the fuel fraction to 0.5, the maximum gas pressure continues to increase, and the indicator indexes slightly deteriorate. At the same time, in the initial period, the value of the index of the combustion character has practically no effect on the indicator index of the diesel engine and the maximum pressure in the cylinder. In the main period, the value of the indicator of the nature of combustion, on the contrary, significantly affects the indicator indexes of the diesel engine and the maximum pressure in the cylinder. The calculation determines the optimal heat release law in the diesel cylinder of ChN15/16 type, which provides the best indicator values when the maximum pressure in the cylinder is limited.
Ejector-type heat exchangers in the air conditioning in transport
Authors: Merkulov V. I , Popov A. A , Polikarpov A. V , Tishchenko I. V
Published: April 2022

In the modern world, the air conditioning systems have become the most widespread application and have become an everyday part of everyday life. However, due to the complexity of the construction during the designing of the air conditioning systems and the development of modern technologies, there are still many system’s assemblies that can be upgraded and improved. Along with such parameters as ergonomics and weight and size characteristics, a significant role is played by such parameters of the operation of the air conditioning systems as efficiency, reliability, resource. These parameters are particularly relevant in the context of miniaturization and work on a closed cycle in mobile transport vehicles (automotive, aircraft and ship equipment), since efficiency, mass and resource exert a determinative influence on the total cost of vehicles and the costs of its maintenance and operation. The main parameters that regulate the air conditioning systems are the temperature, flow rate and humidity of the supplied air. The article studies and compares the methods of primary cooling of hot air supplied to the helicopter's air conditioning systems, when the cabin is heated at low temperatures. Often this is done using air-to-air heat exchangers. In the materials of the article, it is proposed to consider the option of replacing one of such heat exchanger with an ejector-type heat exchanger, a description and comparison of the existing and proposed options for the modernization of the air conditioning system’s schemes, and estimate the acceptability of their implementation on the helicopter. Also, a comparative work was conducted to estimate the advantages and disadvantages of such a replacement. The primary estimated calculations of the change in the system’s parameters were implemented in the case of introduction of a replacement in all conventional load modes of a typical helicopter model. Specific features of the application of this replacement are given and additional innovations which are necessary for its implementation are pointed out. For calculations, the software complex ANSYS CFX, MathCAD, Solid Edge ST8 was used. In the course of the work, a construction and a method were revealed that provided the optimal parameters and method of implementation for the introduction of the ejector into the composition of the air conditioning system.
Speed characteristics of automobile diesel engine operating on natural gas
Authors: Likhanov V. A , Grebnev A. V , Skryabin M. L , Toropov A. E
Published: April 2022

The article presents the graphs of the D-245.7 diesel engine's high-speed characteristics during gas-diesel operation. One of the ways to improve the efficiency of road transport is now to convert vehicle engines into alternative, cheaper fuels. Among various alternative fuels, natural gas is very attractive. If the diesel engine is to be converted to natural gas, then the implementation of the gas-diesel process will be the best method of transfer. There is not enough information in the literature on this issue, so research on this topic is relevant. In the Vyatka State Agricultural Academy research was carried out on the transfer of diesel D-245.7 to the gas-diesel process, the parameters of the combustion process, heat release characteristics, and effective indicators were determined. Work on the gas-diesel process leads to increase in the values of the parameters of the combustion process and the characteristics of heat release in the cylinder of the diesel engine. At the same time, thermal and mechanical loads increase slightly. In the initial periods of combustion in the cylinder, the speed and the value of the active heat release increase. This change indicates that combustion takes place by a three-dimensional mechanism. On the gas-diesel process, as compared to the diesel process, the hourly air consumption decreases, the temperature of the exhaust gases decreases, the boost pressure decreases, the effective efficiency decreases slightly, but the power and torque do not decrease. On the basis of the research, the following conclusions are drawn: 1) during the transition to the gas-diesel process, the pressure, the temperature in the cylinder, the rate of pressure increase rises, but the maximum values of these parameters do not exceed the permissible limits of diesel engines; 2) in the gas-diesel process, combustion in the cylinder occurs by a volumetric mechanism, most of the fuel burns in the rapid combustion phase; 3) the engine power parameters at the gas-diesel process in the entire speed range fully correspond to the diesel process; 4) when the diesel engine operates on an external high-speed characteristic on a gas-diesel process compared to a diesel process, a reduction of diesel fuel consumption by at least 83 % is achieved by replacing it with natural gas.
The way to improve the efficiency of the neutralization system of nitrogen oxides of diesel internal combustion engines and its efficiency
Authors: Shabanov A. V , Solomin V. A , Shabanov A. A
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the work of the neutralization systems of nitrogen oxides used on modern trucks with diesel ICE. It is stated that the modern development of technologies for electronic fuel injection and catalytic neutralization of combustion products provides an opportunity to implement the processes of neutralization of nitrogen oxides with an efficiency up to 90%. The most effective method to reduce the exhaust emissions of diesel engines is to purify exhaust gases in the car exhaust system using the SCR-NH3 method. A significant drawback of this system is the presence of a toxic substance ammonia regulated by Regulation No. 49-06. Regulation No. 49-06 provides for the control in operation of emissions of nitrogen oxides by the on-board diagnostics system by introducing emission limit values, but monitoring of ammonia emissions in operation is not provided. It is noted that the state sanitary standards of the Russian Federation and the environmental monitoring service, prescribe in regulatory documents the control of the limit of emissions of harmful substances of ammonia and nitrogen oxides with MPCss 0.04 mg / m3. Thus, an identical approach to limiting these emissions is provided. In order for the purification system to function effectively with ammonia and to support the neutralization reaction, it is necessary to adjust the purification system and maintain the optimum temperature range of operation. It is noted that to ensure a high activity of reduction reactions, it is necessary to adjust the cleaning system and maintain the optimum temperature range of operation, the temperature is about 350-550 ° C. In this regard, the possibility of refining the neutralization system by the injection of urea into the cylinder of an internal combustion engine at the expansion stroke to neutralize nitrogen oxides and reduce ammonia emissions, as well as to increase the efficiency of a diesel engine, using the heat of exhaust gases by creating high pressure in the working cylinder work and boost pressure. When dosing urea solution having a high heat capacity through the nozzle and the subsequent process of expansion of exhaust gases, the temperature value in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine reaches the required value for the reduction reaction. High temperature, ensuring the removal of the reaction products, contributes to the high efficiency of maintaining the process of neutralization of NOx. Intra-cylinder cooling of the engine with urea-injected water solves the problem of thermal stress of the parts of the cylinder-piston group of a highly forced internal combustion engine without a significant increase in heat loss of the internal combustion engine.
Improvement of methods for calculating the interaction of propellers of multi-axle wheeled vehicles with barrier obstacles
Authors: Papunin A. V , Belyakov V. V
Published: April 2022

The paper presents theoretical and experimental studies of overcoming by multi-axis machines of barrier destructible obstacles. The review showed that the existing calculation apparatus is based on the assumption that barrier obstacles are not deformable, i.e. the walls of the obstacle have sufficient strength. It happens rare on the ground. One of the most difficult cases of off-road traffic is the overcoming of the multi-axle wheeled vehicle of the destroyed moat, as the walls of the ditch collapse as the wheels of the machine pass, which leads to its broadening. Deficiencies of the existing settlement apparatus were identified, and subsequently it was refined and supplemented. To verify the results obtained, experimental studies were carried out. As a research object, a small class all-terrain vehicle with a gross mass of 700 kg was chosen. Tests were conducted on the bank of the Volga River in the vicinity of the city of Nizhny Novgorod. As support bases, sand (homogeneous soil) and a compacted ground surface with a sod layer (heterogeneous soil) were chosen. According to the newly obtained dependencies, the theoretically possible maximum width of the moat being overcome, given its destructibility, was determined. Also on the selected support bases, their physical and mechanical properties were studied, using the PG-1 ground penetrometer and the research complex for accelerated studies of the properties of cohesive and disconnected soils “Litvinov Field Laboratory PLL-9”. In the future, dependencies characterizing the influence of various design parameters of transport-technological machines on the maximum width of the moat being overcome were obtained in the work, taking into account the destructibility of its walls.
Investigation of internal dynamics of a two-piston air-hydraulic spring
Authors: Cipilev A. A , ZHarov S. S
Published: April 2022

With the development of electronic computers the possibility of investigating the work of various devices and mechanisms has reached a qualitatively new level. The speed of modern computers makes it possible to carry out investigations of the internal dynamics of various units and assemblies of high-speed caterpillar machines, in particular, suspension systems, taking into account the most subtle and complex nuances of their work. The present article is devoted to the investigation of the internal dynamics of the operation of a pneumohydraulic spring fitted with an embedded piston that allows stabilizing the value of the static course of the suspension in a wide range of temperatures. The introduction outlines the relevance of the use of pneumohydraulic suspension systems and the prospects for their application in order to increase the smoothness indicators required for machines with high power-to-weight ratio. However, along with the prospects due to the well-known advantages of such suspension systems, there are also disadvantages, in particular, instability of the characteristics of the gas when its temperature changes. The need to stabilize the static course has led to the appearance of various versions of the pneumohydraulic springs (PS), in particular, the PS with the embedded piston. However, the experience of using machines with such a configuration of the PS testifies to a violation of the stability of the static stroke. The paper investigates the operation of the PS under various loading conditions and various temperatures and shows the conditions for the appearance of the phenomenon of spontaneous change in the course of the roller. It is shown that simultaneous stabilization of the stroke at high and low temperatures is impossible and, in addition, the stabilization of the static path at low temperatures will lead to a shock motion of the embedded piston, accompanied by the transfer of high accelerations to the sprung body. The article concludes with recommendations on the choice of the rational position of the static stroke of the rod on the static elastic characteristic of PS.
Mathematical modeling of the dynamics of manipulation system for mobile transport and technological machine with reference to the elasticity of elements
Authors: Kovalskiy V. F. , Lagerev I. A.
Published: April 2022

The approaches to modeling the dynamics of mobile manipulators of transport and technological machines with reference to the elastic compliance of elements are shown. The equations of motion of the manipulator units are recorded using the method of Lagrange multipliers. As the main origin for each element were taken four Rodrigues-Hamilton parameters, coordinates of the element position as absolutely rigid body and elastic movements. The equations take into account the impact of external and internal elastic and quadratic forces. Internal elastic forces are calculated on the basis of the stiffness matrix, which formation is made through calculation of the manipulator by finite element method. To set the join couplings the required number of constraint equations is built. The methods of creating of widespread kinematic schemes of manipulators of cylindrical and prismatic joints using set of constraints involving mutual perpendicular vectors, which belong to articulated elements. Using the developed model the dynamics of articulated manipulator crane ACT-4-A was calculated. It was found that the inclusion of elements elasticity reveals oscillatory behavior of the kinematic and power factors of the process and, thus, increase the adequacy of modeling of manipulation system operation during machine use. Elastic elements causes their oscillations with a frequency, which is commensurable with the first lower natural frequency of metal manipulation system itself, that indicates the desirability of its test for the absence of resonance and, if necessary, the development of positive measures to improve the dynamic reliability of the manipulation system. It has been shown that to calculate manipulators for some machines the chassis dynamics should be taken into account.
Evaluation of ability to regenerate oscillation energy by the suspension system of a two-axle truck
Authors: Malikov R. R. , Smirnov A. A. , Klimov A. V.
Published: April 2022

One of the challenges that currently face manufacturers of electric vehicles is the development of an effective energy source. Currently, the main independent source of energy of electric vehicle is an electric traction battery of chemical type, but due to its low intensity, it cannot provide long mileage without recharging. The article describes a method of improving vehicles ' energy efficiency through energy recovery oscillations of the suspension system when driving on uneven road surface. To convert the mechanical energy of vibrations into electrical, the leading manufacturers of the world are developing special regenerative shock absorbers. The article describes the design of such absorbers designed by companies Audi and ZF. For quantitative evaluation of vibrational energy that is potentially possible to convert to electric we used a simulation mathematical model of motion of two-axle vehicle on ridges, implemented in the simulation package MATLAB/Simulink. As inputs in the model was used the implementation of random road profiles that were obtained by the method of forming a filter by known from the literature the spectral characteristics of the irregularities for different types of roads. As a result of the mathematical model of computational experiments, it was determined the amount of dissipation in the suspension system energy when the vehicle is moving with different speed on different road types. Also for comparison was determined the energy spent by the vehicle at different speeds on the road with asphalt. The comparison of the obtained energy values allows to make a conclusion about prospects of application of energy recovery oscillations of the suspension system especially for vehicles capable of high speeds on dirt roads.
Calculation and substantiation of design parameters of automotive mechanical stabilizers of lateral stability with adjustable rigidity
Authors: Tyagunov A. E , Kartashov A. B
Published: April 2022

The safety of the automobile can be characterized by such concepts as maneuverability, controllability and stability of its movement. To improve the controllability and stability of the automobile during the design, a number of different activities are carried out. In particular, from the point of view of design, a stabilizer of lateral stability is installed on almost every vehicle. It is designed to reduce the transverse roll of the sprung part of the automobile caused by movement along a curved path, a strong side wind or a road slope. Thus, in this article we consider a possible application of stabilizers of lateral stability with variable rigidity on high-speed vehicles, together with the suspension of the rear axle, which has "steering up" kinematics. The influence of such a combination on the stability of the vehicle's motion and its controllability is considered based on the basic principles of the theory of motion of wheeled vehicles. And most importantly, the developed technique for calculating the mechanical stabilizer of lateral stability with variable stiffness is presented, which in turn assumes the use of the finite element method for calculating the stiffness of structural elements of the stabilizer. It should be emphasized that stabilizers of this design are used mainly for racing cars. But the method of calculating them in the article can be shifted to more complex designs used in the serial automotive industry. It can be stabilizers of lateral stability with the built in hydraulic, pneumatic or electromechanical elements, allowing to carry out adjustment of torsional rigidity of the stabilizer. This article is one of the few in the Russian-language literature that covers the question of the methods of calculating stabilizers of lateral stability with variable rigidity.
The transport robot with reconfigurable structure
Authors: Rachkov M. Y.
Published: April 2022

The paper discusses research results of transport robot new design for automation of different kinds of work in emergency situations. The purpose of research is to expand the robot's functional properties due to the possibility of overcoming the various obstacles, as well as high-speed movement on flat surfaces by reconfiguring its structure to the type of surface displacement. The robot has two caterpillar tracks located on each side of the platform for process equipment and two wheeled driving machines mounted on the front and rear of platform between caterpillar track groups. A feature of the design is that the wheel axis of wheeled driving machines is connected with the platform through levers, which drive is located on platform with the possibility of wheeled driving machines movement vertically relative to platform. Lever length could vary that allows to transform robot for different obstacles. A kinematic model of the robot in SolidWorks was developed to study different traffic modes. An experimental sample remote-controlled robot on the basis of standard components nodes was made. Its laboratory tests confirmed the ability to overcome different types of obstacles. The simulation of control system for levers extension in Matlab Simulink was made. It showed the stability of the system at the given parameters. The results can be used to create full-scale robots.
The first self-propelled carriages in the description of their inventors (domestic experience)
Authors: Rybina M. I. , Baulina E. E. , Kruglov S. M. , Serebryakov V. V.
Published: April 2022

The authors considered first inventive period in the history of the domestic automotive industry, analyzed preserved to our days descriptions of the “horseless carriages” of Shamshurenkov and Kulibin. Relying on the presented material authors conclude that the main way to describe the new inventions became terminologization or specification of the existing term, as a rule, borrowed from related areas of technical knowledge. It is noted that over time, many Russian words have given way to the terms that came from French and German, and then English. This process was driven by the general internationalization of the automotive terminology as well as the superiority of the US automotive industry in the late XIX - the beginning of XX century, during the creation of the modern car. Analysis of inventions of Shamshurenkov and especially of Kulibin from a technical point of view (re-creation of models of self-propelled carriages, decoding surviving drawings), as well as their engineering judgment in a large number of special studies on the professional and amateur levels (model of Kulibin carriage is presented at the Polytechnic Museum in Moscow, periodically in Internet appear materials on tries of self-taught inventors to repeat experiments of Shamshurenkov or Kulibin) is widespread. But there are no works devoted to first attempts to describe the terminology of invented self-propelled structures. In this paper, the authors have tried to fill this gap and, as far as possible, to show how do imagine their inventions the creators Shamshurenkov and Kulibin. Analyzing the experience of Shamshurenkov in the creation of the horseless carriage authors relied on a deep study of engineer and technology historian E. I. Gagarin, who worked in Lomonosov Moscow Automotive Institute (now Moscow Polytechnic University).
The magnitude of frictional clutch moment during the start acceleration of automobile or tractor
Authors: Sharipov V. M , Dmitriev M. I , Klimova E. V
Published: April 2022

At the present time there are still works where it is assumed that the frictional clutch moment in dynamics is greater than in static. In reality, this is not the case. It is shown that for existing types of friction linings (based on asbestos, asbestos-free polymer or powdered sintered), working in a dry environment with cast iron, the sliding friction coefficient is 0.23 ... 0.27. In this case, its value is 60 ... 70% of the coefficient of static friction. For friction clutches operating in oil, the value of the static coefficient of friction in the contact of the closed clutch discs of the disconnected gear is 1.7 ... 2.2 larger than the dynamic friction coefficient of the friction clutch of the gear involved. These data were obtained experimentally for friction discs with sintered powdered material MK-5 on a copper basis, Shadef on an iron basis, as well as HS43 and HS09 (Hoerbiger, Austria) on a copper basis. This confirms that frictional clutch moment in the dynamics is always less than in the static. The oscillograms with the results of the process of dispersal from the place of various tractor units are given, from which it follows that in most cases of start acceleration of the vehicle the clutch ends its slipping until it is fully turned on. Consequently, in most cases start, the acceleration of the vehicle does not use the maximum friction torque of the clutch in the dynamics, which, as was shown above, is always less than the frictional clutch in static.
Method of identifying transfer function of a pneumatic/hydro apparatus
Authors: Trykhanov K. A. , Efremova K. D. , Makarov I. V.
Published: April 2022

A large number of modern industrial systems of control by actuators is composed of elements of pneumatic/hydraulic automatics. In the synthesis of such systems, however, the challenge is to study their dynamic properties and stability. These quality systems are influenced by their constituent components, in particular pneumatic/ hydro apparatus, because the elements after connection with each other can form an unstable system, and/or, on the contrary, a sustainable system may contain unstable elements. To analyze it, it is needed to check the stability of any component included in the projected system. On this basis, the aim of this work was to establish unambiguous relationships obtained by experimental frequency characteristics of pneumatic/ hydro apparatus and type of transfer functions that allow to analyze the stability of the system that uses it. The article presents the method of obtaining the experimental amplitude and phase frequency characteristics of the pneumatic/ hydro apparatus, given the basic relationships required to build them. The issue of identification of transfer functions on the example of selected number of pneumoapparatus, obtained experimentally, the amplitude and phase frequency characteristics are considered. For each of these pneumoapparatus were obtained constant coefficients of the transfer function. The estimation of the dynamic properties of these pneumoapparatus was made. As evaluation criteria were adopted: the transient time and the maximum dynamic error. There was performed assessment of the stability of the system consisting of a pneumatic cylinder with sensor feedback on the status of the stock jointly with each of the considered pneumoapparatus. To study the stability of the system the linearized mathematical model was composed for this system. For the created model of the system was built amplitude and phase frequency characteristics in logarithmic scale (LAH and LPH), which were found reserves of amplitude and phase of the whole system. According to the results of the work performed, conclusions were drawn.
Increase of efficiency of alternative fuels use in transport
Authors: Fomin V. M.
Published: April 2022

The paper analyzes the results of scientific and research works carried out at the department “Automotive engines” of Moscow State University of Mechanical Engineering (MAMI) in the field of alternative energy, which is widely regarded as the most promising direction in addressing energy and environmental security of the transport complex. The paper analyzes the causes hindering the massive use of alternative fuels in energy consumption of domestic transport, which mostly have lower energy and kinetic performance during combustion compared to conventional fuels. A new approach is stated to solve the problem of increasing chemmotological indicators of alternative fuels on the basis of their preliminary thermochemical conversion - conversion on board of vehicle. Preliminary results show analytical study of the on-board conversion process parameters for a number of potentially suitable alternative fuels with the purpose of process effeciency evaluation. The possibility of practical implementation of the proposed process of chemmotological conversion of alternative fuels with the evaluation of its efficiency was verified by the results of full-scale experimental testing of a diesel engine. The study substantiates the feasibility of using of this process in transport technology due to technical simplicity of its implementation and effectiveness. Implementation of on-board alternative fuel conversion is realizable on any type of serial engine without changing the basic design. The main component of the conversion system, the thermocatalytic reactor, is a simple design heat exchanger, which mass and dimensional characteristics (in the volume of a conventional muffler) provide ease of installation into engine exhaust system. Application of gaseous conversion products improves mixing process because both combustible mixture components, air and fuel, are in the same aggregate state. In addition, the component composition of these products contains reaction active compounds that contribute to improvement of environmental and energy-saving performance of combustion process and efficiency of engine operating cycle.
The role of strategic analysis in the management of competitiveness
Authors: Aleksavina U. V
Published: April 2022

The written article the basic methods of strategic analysis and explains their importance for the formation of the development strategy of the organization in order to improve its competitiveness.
Analysis of the state of Russia's economy in terms of financial, economic and geopolitical instability
Authors: Dmitrieva S. V
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the current state of the Russian economy in terms of financial, economic and geopolitical instability. It describes factors that affect the development of the crisis in the economy.
Strategic alliances as a source of competitive advantages of companies in modern conditions
Authors: Andreev V. N , Maximovskaya A. E
Published: April 2022

In this article the idea that in modern conditions strategic alliances can be considered as a source of competitive advantage of companies are substantiated. The relationship between companies within the strategic alliance from the resource based view are considered.
Evolution of theoretical approaches to the definition of "innovation"
Authors: Bank S. V. , Bank O. A.
Published: April 2022

On the basis of generalization of the works of economists to the various definitions of “innovation”, “novation” the paper derives definition of “innovation”, which expresses in the best way its essence.
Ways of accelerating the development of small innovative enterprises at universities
Authors: Gribov V. D. , Kamchatnikov G. V.
Published: April 2022

The article discusses proposals to enhance the development of small innovative enterprises at universities.
Questions of business cooperation with small innovative enterprises at universities
Authors: Gribov V. D , Kamchatnikov G. V
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the problems of interaction between business and small innovative enter- prises at universities and possible ways to overcome them.
Historical analysis of formation of logical ideas in the Middle Ages
Authors: Ivlev V. Y , Ivleva M. L
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes influence of ancient philosophy on formation of the medieval scholastic logic in writings of the most prominent European philosophers.
Social engineering: the practice of involving young people in socio-economic development of territories
Authors: Pastukhova L. S
Published: April 2022

In 2015 began the study, which plans to analyze the practical results of projects, professional and career trajectories of the participants and winners of national competition of youth projects and edu- cational projects, aimed at socio-economic development of Russian territories “My country - my Russia”. The study has already attracted more than five hundred participants, more than one third ofthem are winners. This article presents some intermediate results of the study.
The methods of regression and the resulting invariants based on them
Authors: Ivashnev L. I
Published: April 2022

The article contains a summary of the invariants derived from three basic and three weighted lin- ear multiple regression methods: the method of least squares method of obtaining the regression equations without constant term and the method of obtaining the regression equations of general form. This article contains formulas that are used to calculate these invariants. The article gives an example of calculating of values of the invariants by provided sample data.