bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic basis of body color and spotting pattern in redheaded pine sawfly larvae (Neodiprion lecontei)
Authors: Linnen Catherine R. , O’Quin Claire T. , Shackleford Taylor , Sears Connor R. , Lindstedt Carita
Published: September 2017

Pigmentation has emerged as a premier model for understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic evolution, and a growing catalog of color loci is starting to reveal biases in the mutations, genes, and genetic architectures underlying color variation in the wild. However, existing studies have sampled a limited subset of taxa, color traits, and developmental stages. To expand our sample of color loci, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping analyses on two types of larval pigmentation traits that vary among populations of the redheaded pine sawfly (Neodiprion lecontei): carotenoid-based yellow body color and melanin-based spotting pattern. For both traits, our QTL models explained a substantial proportion of phenotypic variation and suggested a genetic architecture that is neither monogenic nor highly polygenic. Additionally, we used our linkage map to anchor the currentN. leconteigenome assembly. With these data, we identified promising candidate genes underlying: (1) a loss of yellow pigmentation in Mid-Atlantic/northeastern populations (Cameo2andapoLTP-II/I), and (2) a pronounced reduction in black spotting in Great-Lakes populations (yellow, TH, Dat). Several of these genes also contribute to color variation in other wild and domesticated taxa. Overall, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that predictable genes of large-effect contribute to color evolution in nature.
A metaBUS-enabled meta-analysis of career satisfaction
Authors: Lee Colin I.S.G. , Bosco Frank A. , Steel Piers , Uggerslev Krista L.
Published: September 2017

Purpose

In this study, the authors revisit the meta-analytic correlates of career satisfaction and demonstrate the use of metaBUS – a database repository of meta-analytic effect sizes and related information from the field of applied psychology. The purpose of this paper is to extend prior meta-analytic research on the topic of career satisfaction and compare the results from the metaBUS-enabled meta-analysis, with the results from meta-analyses that do not build on the repository.

Design/methodology/approach

A multilevel meta-analysis was conducted on all correlates available in the metaBUS database and the approach was described in a step-by-step fashion.

Findings

The demonstration reiterated some of the findings of prior meta-analyses, but also revealed considerable incongruity between the sample taken from the metaBUS database and the meta-analytic sample from studies that relied on non-metaBUS-based literature searches. Nevertheless, the results are similar in terms of the directions of the effects and the relative sizes of the effects.

Research limitations/implications

The paper demonstrates the use of the metaBUS database. In addition, results suggest that meta-analyses on career satisfaction might have suffered from sample selection issues, but further research is required in order to establish the source of the sample selection incongruence.

Originality/value

This is the first step-by-step demonstration of the use of metaBUS specifically for meta-analyses.
Inverse control of multi-dimensional Taylor network for permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Zhang Chao , Yan Hong-Sen
Published: September 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new control strategy based on adaptive inverse control aiming at high performance control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM).

Design/methodology/approach

This scheme adopts the vector control with double closed-loop structure and introduces a multi-dimensional Taylor network (MTN) inverse control method into velocity-loop. First, the invertibility of PMSM’s mathematical model is proved. Second, a novel dynamic network (MTN) is presented, which has simple structure and faster computing speed. Besides, to realize the high-precision speed control, three MTNs are applied to achieve system modeling, inverse modeling and noise disturbance elimination which correspond to the function of the adaptive identifier, adaptive feed-forward controller and nonlinear adaptive filter, respectively.

Findings

This scheme is designed with the full consideration of the PMSM’s particularity. For the PMSM’s unknown dynamics and time-varying characteristics, the variable forgetting factor recursive least squares algorithm is adopted to improve identification ability, and the weight-elimination algorithm is used to remove redundant regression items in the MTN identifier and inverse controller. In addition, to reduce the influence arose from measurement noise and other stochastic factors, adaptive MTN filter is introduced to eliminate noise disturbance. The computational results show that the proposed scheme possesses excellent control performance and better robustness against the load disturbance.

Originality/value

The paper presents a new inverse control scheme with MTN which is practical and flexible, and the MTN-based control system is very promising for real-time applications.
Characteristics of 3D magnetic field of magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission system
Authors: Zhang Xian , Yuan Zhaoyang , Qingxin Yang , Wang Zhaohui , Meng Hao , Jin Yao
Published: September 2017

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the impact of coupling on the distribution of the magnetic field and study the characteristics of the magnetic flux density in the transmission process of the magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission (MCR-WPT) system, which provides guidance on the design of the WPT system.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, a finite element simulation analysis was conducted and a three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic field measurement platform was used.

Findings

It is shown that the distribution of the magnetic field, as well as the position of maximum magnetic flux density, will change when the coils are coupled. The simulation results of the magnetic field distribution, as well as the transmission performance, are different from those in practice. It cannot describe the actual performance of WPT system.

Originality/value

A 3D electromagnetic field measurement system and the host computer software are designed to help optimize the simulation and carry out more accurate and efficient research. The 3D electromagnetic field measurement system can be used to study the distribution of the spatial electromagnetic field, influencing factor, exposure and interoperability between different coils.
Proliferation inhibition of cisplatin‐resistant ovarian cancer cells using drugs screened by integrating a metabolic model and transcriptomic data
Authors: Motamedian E. , Taheri E. , Bagheri F.
Published: September 2017

Objectives

If screening to find effective drugs is possible, the inhibition of proliferation using existing drugs can be a practical strategy to control the drug resistance of cancer. Development of a system‐oriented strategy to find effective drugs was the main aim of this research.

Materials and methods

An algorithm (transcriptional regulated flux balance analysis [TRFBA]) integrating a generic human metabolic model with transcriptomic data was used to identify genes affecting the growth of drug‐resistant cancer cells. Drugs that inhibit activation of the target genes were found and their effect on the proliferation was experimentally evaluated.

Results

Experimental assessments demonstrated that TRFBA improves the prediction of cancer cell growth in comparison with previous algorithms. The algorithm was then used to propose the system‐oriented strategy to search drugs effective in limiting the growth rate of the cisplatin‐resistant A2780 epithelial ovarian cancer cell. Experimental evaluations resulted in the selection of azathioprine, terbinafine, hydralazine and sodium valproate that appropriately inhibit the proliferation of resistant cancer cells while minimally affecting normal cells. Furthermore, experimental data indicate that the selected drugs are synergistic and can be used in combination therapies.

Conclusions

The proposed strategy was successful to identify drugs effective on the viability of resistant cancer cells. This strategy can enhance the potency of treatments for drug‐resistant cancer cells and provides the possibility of using existing drugs.
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum‐like changes in nonuremic calciphylaxis: Case series and brief review of a helpful diagnostic clue
Authors: Nathoo Rajiv K. , Harb Jennifer N. , Auerbach Jena , Guo Ruifeng , Vincek Vladimir , Motaparthi Kiran
Published: September 2017

Calciphylaxis is a rare syndrome of vascular calcification with thrombosis that occurs most often in patients with end‐stage renal disease, and it frequently portends a guarded prognosis. Rarely, nonuremic calciphylaxis (NUC) may occur; in this context, a strongly supportive histology is crucial in establishing the diagnosis. Herein, we describe 2 cases of NUC associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum‐like changes, identified in both initial nondiagnostic and subsequent diagnostic biopsy specimens. This unusual but helpful histologic finding may support the early diagnosis and treatment of a potentially life‐threatening disease in the context of subtle histopathologic vascular changes or in the absence of classic clinical or laboratory findings.
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC): A familial cluster of 3 siblings
Authors: Acevedo Jennifer M. , Lee Simon , Gotteiner Nina , Lay Amy S. , Patel Angira
Published: September 2017

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare form of cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) that occurs when the pulmonary veins drain into a site other than the morphologic left atrium. As with other forms of CHD, TAPVC has been shown to cluster in families and is known to have genetic association. We report on a case series of familial TAPVC in three consecutive siblings. A combination of fetal echocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography, as well as cross‐sectional imaging was utilized in the diagnosis as well as management of each sibling. The third sibling was subsequently found to have a partial deletion in chromosome 15q13.3, which has been rarely associated with other forms of congenital heart disease.
Beaver dams, streamflow complexity, and the distribution of a rare minnow, Lepidomeda copei
Authors: Dauwalter Daniel C. , Walrath John D.
Published: September 2017

Freshwater fishes are threatened globally, and often too little is known about threatened species to effectively guide their conservation. Habitat complexity is linked to fish species diversity and persistence, and degraded streams often lack habitat complexity. Beaver Castor spp., in turn, have been used to restore streams and increase habitat complexity. The northern leatherside chub Lepidomeda copei is a rare, small‐bodied, drift‐feeding minnow that has anecdotally been observed to use complex habitats associated with beaver dams in the western United States. To investigate this anecdote, we conducted fish and habitat surveys, the latter focusing on quantifying habitat complexity, in a sub‐basin of the Upper Snake River Basin in the USA. Complementary generalised linear model and path analyses revealed that northern leatherside chub occurred more often at sites with complex streamflows, and streamflows were more complex when beaver dams were present and pools were deeper. Northern leatherside chubs were also more likely to occur when temperatures were warmer, aquatic macrophytes were abundant and stream channels were narrow and deep. The linkage between chubs, complex streamflows and beaver dams needs to be evaluated more broadly to completely understand its role in the rangewide status of the species. However, it does suggests that increased use of beaver reintroductions and dam analogues for stream restoration could be a boon for the northern leatherside chub, but such efforts should be monitored to determine their effectiveness to help adapt beaver‐based restoration approaches to best benefit the species.
Explaining municipal audit costs in Sweden: Reconsidering the political environment, the municipal organisation and the audit market
Authors: Collin Sven‐Olof , Haraldsson Mattias , Tagesson Torbjörn , Blank Veronica
Published: September 2017

With the purpose of explaining professional audit costs in Swedish municipalities, we hypothesised that audit costs are partly driven by various signalling and monitoring incentives in order to manage stakeholder relationships. Our model of the determinants of audit costs was tested on data from Swedish municipalities, thus extending the study of audit costs to political organisations in a Scandinavian institutional context. The test supported to some extent the traditional propositions of organisational complexity, risk and market determinants, as well as the proposition of the political environment. Our results indicate that audit costs are used to signal accountability, thereby suggesting that audit as a signal could be managed without managing professional auditors.
Carbon isotope fractionation by anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in euxinic Lake Cadagno
Authors: Posth N. R. , Bristow L. A. , Cox R. P. , Habicht K. S. , Danza F. , Tonolla M. , Frigaard N.‐U. , Canfield D. E.
Published: September 2017

Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria utilize ancient metabolic pathways to link sulfur and iron metabolism to the reduction of CO2. In meromictic Lake Cadagno, Switzerland, both purple sulfur (PSB) and green sulfur anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (GSB) dominate the chemocline community and drive the sulfur cycle. PSB and GSB fix carbon utilizing different enzymatic pathways and these fractionate C‐isotopes to different extents. Here, these differences in C‐isotope fractionation are used to constrain the relative input of various anoxygenic phototrophs to the bulk community C‐isotope signal in the chemocline. We sought to determine whether a distinct isotopic signature of GSB and PSB in the chemocline persists in the settling fraction and in the sediment. To answer these questions, we also sought investigated C‐isotope fractionation in the water column, settling material, and sediment of Lake Cadagno, compared these values to C‐isotope fractionation of isolated anoxygenic phototroph cultures, and took a mass balance approach to investigate relative contributions to the bulk fractionation signature. We found a large C‐isotope fractionation between dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) in the Lake Cadagno chemocline. This large fractionation between the DIC and POC was also found in culture experiments carried out with anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria isolated from the lake. In the Lake Cadagno chemocline, anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria controlled the bulk C‐isotope fractionation, but the influence of GSB and PSB differed with season. Furthermore, the contribution of PSB and GSB to bulk C‐isotope fractionation in the chemocline could be traced in the settling fraction and in the sediment. Taken together with other studies, such as lipid biomarker analyzes and investigations of other stratified lakes, these results offer a firmer understanding of diagenetic influences on bacterial biomass.
Butterflies show different functional and species diversity in relationship to vegetation structure and land use
Authors: Aguirre‐Gutiérrez Jesús , WallisDeVries Michiel F. , Marshall Leon , van't Zelfde Maarten , Villalobos‐Arámbula Alma R. , Boekelo Bastiaen , Bartholomeus Harm , Franzén Markus , Biesmeijer Jacobus C.
Published: September 2017

Aim

Biodiversity is rapidly disappearing at local and global scales also affecting the functional diversity of ecosystems. We aimed to assess whether functional diversity was correlated with species diversity and whether both were affected by similar land use and vegetation structure drivers. Better understanding of these relationships will allow us to improve our predictions regarding the effects of future changes in land use on ecosystem functions and services.

Location

The Netherlands.

Methods

We compiled a dataset of c. 3 million observations of 66 out of 106 known Dutch butterfly species collected across 6,075 sampling locations during a period of 7 years, together with very high‐resolution maps of land use and countrywide vegetation structure data. Using a mixed‐effects modelling framework, we investigated the relationship between functional and species diversity and their main land use and vegetation structure drivers.

Results

We found that high species diversity does not translate into high functional diversity, as shown by their different spatial distribution patterns in the landscape. Functional and species diversity are mainly driven by different sets of structural and land use parameters (especially average vegetation height, amount of vegetation between 0.5 and 2 m, natural grassland, sandy soils vegetation, marsh vegetation and urban areas). We showed that it is a combination of both vegetation structural characteristics and land use variables that defines functional and species diversity.

Main conclusions

Functional diversity and species diversity of butterflies are not consistently correlated and must therefore be treated separately. High functional diversity levels occurred even in areas with low species diversity. Thus, conservation actions may differ depending on whether the focus is on conservation of high functional diversity or high species diversity. A more integrative analysis of biodiversity at both species and trait levels is needed to infer the full effects of environmental change on ecosystem functioning.
Two‐site evaluation of the diagnostic performance of the Sysmex XN Body Fluid (BF) module for cell count and differential in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Buoro S. , Peruzzi B. , Fanelli A. , Seghezzi M. , Manenti B. , Lorubbio M. , Biagioli T. , Nannini S. , Ottomano C. , Lippi G.
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Cellular analysis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides important diagnostic information in many pathological settings. The aim of this two‐site study was to evaluate the Sysmex XN Body Fluid mode (XN‐BF) for cell analysis of CSF compared to light microscopy (LM).

Methods

Two hundred and seven consecutive CSF samples were analyzed in parallel with XN‐BF and LM. The study also included the estimation of the limit of blank (LoB), limit of detection (LoD), limit of quantitation (LoQ), carry‐over and linearity of XN‐BF module.

Results

LoQ of white blood cells (WBC) was 3×106 cells/L; linearity was good and carry‐over negligible. XN‐BF parameters were compared to LM for the following cell classes: total cells, WBC, polymorphonuclear (PMN), and mononuclear (MN) cells. The bias ranged from 1.3 to 15.2×106 cells/L. The receiver operating characteristics curve analysis for WBC showed an area under the curve of 0.98, and the global diagnostic agreement was 95% at a cutoff of 5×106 cells/L.

Conclusions

XN‐BF provides rapid and accurate counts in clinically relevant ranges of CSF values, thus providing a valuable alternative to conventional LM analysis. However, microscopic review remains advisable in samples with abnormal cell counts or high fluorescent (HF‐BF) cell parameter exceeding 5×106 cells/L.
The Revised Basel Statements on the Future of Hospital Pharmacy: What Do They Mean for Saudi Arabia?
Authors: Al Sabban Hanadi , Al-Jedai Ahmed , Bajis Dalia , Penm Jonathan
Published: September 2017

Objectives

To describe the current hospital pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia according to the revised Basel statements.

Methods

A review of the available data based on published literature in the subject area was carried out.

Key Findings

The original Basel Statements were developed at the 2008 Global Conference on the Future of Hospital Pharmacy in Basel, Switzerland. Representatives from 98 countries, including Saudi Arabia, attended this conference. The revision of the Basel statements simplified and merged many of the original Basel statements. In addition to making the Basel statements more concise, the revision added new statements to reflect global trends and the expanded responsibilities of hospital pharmacists.

Conclusion

The release of the Basel statements represents an important opportunity to bring Saudi Arabian practices into complete concurrence with international standards and to identify areas that should be prioritized.
The moderator effect of commitment on the relations between satisfaction and motivation in Special Employment Centres
Authors: Pérez‐Conesa Francisco J. , Romeo Marina , Yepes‐Baldó Montserrat
Published: September 2017

Background

Little is known about the relation between satisfaction, commitment and motivation among employees with mild intellectual disabilities. The present research analyses the moderated effect of commitment on the relation between satisfaction of employees with intellectual disabilities and their motivation.

Method

Employees with legally recognized intellectual disabilities, following the Spanish law, answered a questionnaire. The present authors examined bivariate relations across all variables in the model. Subsequently, a moderator model was tested, using the Johnson–Neyman and the pick‐a‐point approximation.

Result

There was a direct effect between employees' satisfaction and motivation (b = 2.4621; p < .0001). Commitment had a moderator effect on this relation (b = [−3.36 to −0.30]; p < .001), especially for those employees with lower levels of commitment.

Conclusions

Our research focuses on the antecedents of work motivation of employees with mild intellectual disabilities as full employees. So, our results help HR managers to increase employees' motivational levels, as one of the main objectives of healthy organizations.
Main causes of hospitalization in people with Angelman syndrome
Authors: Domínguez‐Berjón M. Felícitas , Zoni Ana Clara , Esteban‐Vasallo María D , Sendra‐Gutiérrez Juan Manuel , Astray‐Mochales Jenaro
Published: September 2017

Background

The objective was to describe the main causes of hospitalization in people with Angelman syndrome (AS).

Method

Population‐based cross‐sectional study in the Community of Madrid (CM), Spain. The information source for AS cases was the information system for rare diseases in the CM. Variables related to hospitalization, for the period 2006–2014, were the following: number of episodes, outcome, main cause, length of stay and type of admission. Main causes of hospitalization were described by age group and sex.

Results

The most frequent causes of hospitalization were the following: oral–dental care (28.9%), seizures (19.6%), orthopaedic problems (14.4%) and acute respiratory disorders (12.4%). The percentage of hospitalizations was higher for oral–dental care in women and for orthopaedic problems in men (p‐value <.05). Hospitalizations for an acute respiratory disorder were higher in adults (p‐value <.05).

Conclusions

Some differences in the causes of hospitalization of people with AS were observed by sex and age.
Pleistocene refugia in the Chihuahuan Desert: the phylogeographic and demographic history of the gymnosperm Ephedra compacta
Authors: Loera Israel , Ickert‐Bond Stefanie M. , Sosa Victoria
Published: September 2017

Aim

We investigate the influence of late Neogene orogenic activity and Pleistocene glacial‐interglacial cycles on intraspecific divergence and demographic history in the gymnosperm shrub Ephedra compacta. We test refugia hypotheses to explain geographical patterns of genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure in a warm North American desert that reaches inter‐tropical latitudes.

Location

Chihuahuan Desert, Mexican Plateau, Sierra Madre Oriental, Tehuacán Valley.

Methods

Geographical patterns of genetic diversity were estimated using chloroplast DNA sequences of 191 individuals from 24 populations. AMOVA and SAMOVA analyses were used to assess population and phylogeographic structure, respectively. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) was implemented to test phylogeograhic scenarios of population divergence and demographic expansion. Ecological niche modelling (ENM) was performed to predict the potential distribution of E. compacta during the late Pleistocene and to estimate historical habitat stability. Refugia hypotheses were tested by estimating the linear associations between habitat stability, latitude and parameters of genetic diversity.

Results

High levels of population and phylogeographic structure were observed with six geographical groups explaining most of the variation. The best‐supported phylogeographic scenario assumed population divergence and demographic expansion during the Pleistocene. ENM predictions showed historical changes in the potential distribution of E. compacta, with a broader geographical extent in the present. Habitat stability was positively associated with population genetic diversity.

Main conclusions

The intraspecific population divergence and demographic expansion in E. compacta is probably associated with the glacial‐interglacial cycles of the Pleistocene. Our ENM predictions also support a scenario of habitat contraction and expansion during this time period. The phylogeographic history of E. compacta is predicted by climate refugia dynamics in which specific areas, primarily in the Mexican Plateau harbour the highest levels of habitat stability and genetic diversity.
The association between insulin resistance and atrial fibrillation: A cross‐sectional analysis from SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial)
Authors: Cho Monique E. , Craven Timothy E. , Cheung Alfred K. , Glasser Stephen P. , Rahman Mahboob , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Stafford Randall S. , Johnson Karen C. , Bates Jeffrey T. , Burgner Anna , Taylor Addison A. , Tamariz Leonardo , Tang Rocky , Beddhu Srinivasan ,   the SPRINT Study Research Group
Published: September 2017

It is unclear whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) in an older population with greater cardiovascular risk, including those with chronic kidney disease. The authors investigated the association between MetS and AF in participants in SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial). MetS was defined based on the Modified Third National Cholesterol Education Program. The baseline prevalence rate for MetS was 55%, while 8.2% of the participants had AF. In multivariate regression analyses, AF was not associated with presence of MetS in either chronic kidney disease or non–chronic kidney disease subgroups. Age, race, history of cardiovascular diseases, decreased triglycerides, decreased pulse pressure, and albuminuria remained significantly associated with AF risk. In contrast to the general population, MetS was not associated with AF in the older population with increased cardiovascular risk studied in SPRINT.
Hospital and out‐of‐hospital mortality in 670 hypertensive emergencies and urgencies
Authors: Guiga Haythem , Decroux Clémentine , Michelet Pierre , Loundou Anderson , Cornand Dimitri , Silhol François , Vaisse Bernard , Sarlon‐Bartoli Gabrielle
Published: September 2017

Long‐term mortality in patients with acute severe hypertension is unclear. The authors aimed to compare short‐term (hospital) and long‐term (12 months) mortality in these patients. A total of 670 adults presenting for acute severe hypertension between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2015, were included. A total of 57.5% were hypertensive emergencies and 66.1% were hospitalized: 98% and 23.2% of those with hypertensive emergencies and urgencies, respectively (P = .001). Hospital mortality was 7.9% and was significantly higher for hypertensive emergencies (12.5% vs 1.8%, P = .001). At 12 months, 106 patients died (29.4%), mainly from hypertensive emergencies (38.9% vs 8.9%, P = .001). Median survival was 14 days for neurovascular emergencies and 50 days for cardiovascular emergencies. Patients with hypertensive emergencies or urgencies had bad long‐term prognosis. Short‐term mortality is mainly caused by neurovascular emergencies, but cardiovascular emergencies are severe, with high mortality at 12 months. These results justify better follow‐up and treatment for these patients.
The lncRNA HNF1A‐AS1 is a negative prognostic factor and promotes tumorigenesis in osteosarcoma
Authors: Cai Lijun , Lv Jinhan , Zhang Yinquan , Li Junhong , Wang Yinong , Yang Huilin
Published: September 2017

Recent studies have revealed that long noncoding RNA HNF1A‐antisense 1 (HNF1A‐AS1) plays an important role in the development of several human malignancy entities. However, the expression and function of HNF1A‐AS1 in the carcinogenesis and development of osteosarcoma remains unknown. In this study, we detected the HNF1A‐AS1 levels in human osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), and investigated its role in osteosarcoma by using in vitro assays. Our study showed that HNF1A‐AS1 expression was significantly up‐regulated in human osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines compared with their normal counterparts, and its expression level was positively correlated with the distance metastasis (P = 0.009) and tumour stage (P = 0.019). Moreover, Kaplan–Meier curves with the log‐rank test showed that higher expression of HNF1A‐AS1 conferred a significantly poorer survival and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that HNF1A‐AS1 was an independent risk factor of overall survival. In addition, the expression of HNF1A‐AS1 in serum is correlated with patients’ status and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that HNF1A‐AS1 could distinguish patients with osteosarcoma from healthy individuals (the area under curve 0.849, P < 0.001). Furthermore, in vitro knockdown of HNF1A‐AS1 by siRNA significantly inhibited cell proliferation and G1/S transition, and suppressed migration and invasion by reducing the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) program in osteosarcoma cells. Taken together, our data suggested that HNF1A‐AS1 is a novel molecule involved in osteosarcoma progression, which may provide as a potential diagnostic, prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
Outcomes of patients with severely calcified aorto‐ostial coronary lesions who underwent orbital atherectomy
Authors: Lee Michael S. , Shlofmitz Evan , Kong Jeremy , Srivastava Pratyaksh K. , Al Yaseen Saif , Sosa Fernando A. , Gallant Melissa , Shlofmitz Richard
Published: September 2017

Objectives

We assessed the feasibility and safety of orbital atherectomy in patients with severely calcified aorto‐ostial coronary artery lesions.

Background

The treatment of calcified aorta‐ostial coronary artery lesions is technically challenging. Orbital atherectomy can potentially damage the guiding catheter if it is not retracted sufficiently during treatment of ostial lesions. Orbital atherectomy can also excessively whip if the guiding catheter is not close enough to the ostium to provide sufficient support. Several techniques can be performed to successfully treat ostial lesions with orbital atherectomy.

Methods

Our retrospective multicenter registry included 548 real‐world patients who underwent orbital atherectomy, 59 (10.8%) of whom underwent treatment for aorto‐ostial coronary artery lesions (left main artery [n = 35] and right coronary artery [n = 24]). The primary endpoint was the rate of 30‐day major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), defined as the occurrence of death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, and stroke.

Results

The primary endpoint was similar in patients with and without ostial lesions (3.4% vs 2.2%, P = 0.2), as were the 30‐day rates of death (1.7% vs 1.4%, P = 0.7), myocardial infarction (1.7% vs 1.0%, P = 0.3), target vessel revascularization (0% vs 0%, P > 0.91), and stroke (0% vs 0.2%, P > 0.9). Angiographic complications and stent thrombosis did not occur in patients with ostial lesions.

Conclusions

Despite its technical challenges, orbital atherectomy appears to be a feasible and safe treatment option for calcified aorto‐ostial coronary lesions.
Changes in consumption of added sugars from age 13 to 30 years: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Winpenny E. M. , Penney T. L. , Corder K. , White M. , van Sluijs E. M. F.
Published: September 2017

Added sugar intake during adolescence has been associated with weight gain and cardiometabolic risk factors. Moreover, dietary habits may persist into adulthood, increasing chronic disease risk in later life. This systematic review investigated changes in intake of added sugars between the ages of 13 and 30 years.

Literature databases were searched for longitudinal studies of diet during adolescence or early adulthood. Retrieved articles were screened for studies including multiple measures of intake of sugars or sugary foods from cohort participants between the ages of 13 and 30. Data were analysed using random‐effects meta‐analysis, by the three main nutrient and food group categories identified (PROSPERO: CRD42015030126).

Twenty‐four papers reported longitudinal data on intake of added sugar or sucrose (n = 6), sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) (n = 20) and/or confectionery (n = 9). Meta‐analysis showed a non‐significant per year of age decrease in added sugar or sucrose intake (−0.15% total energy intake (95%CI −0.41; 0.12)), a decrease in confectionery consumption (−0.20 servings/week (95%CI −0.41; −0.001)) and a non‐significant decrease in SSB consumption (−0.15 servings/week (95%CI −0.32; 0.02)). Taken together, the overall decrease in added sugar intake observed from adolescence to early adulthood may suggest opportunities for intervention to further improve dietary choices within this age range.
Lies, Harm, And Practical Interests
Authors: Stokke Andreas
Published: September 2017

This paper outlines an account of the ethics of lying, which accommodates two main ideas about lying. The first of these, Anti‐Deceptionalism, is the view that lying does not necessarily involve intentions to deceive. The second, Anti‐Absolutism, is the view that lying is not always morally wrong. It is argued that lying is not wrong in itself, but rather the wrong in lying is explained by different factors in different cases. In some cases such factors may include deceptive intentions on the part of the liar. In other cases, where such intentions are not found, the wrong in lying may be explained by other factors. Moreover, it is argued that the interaction between considerations against lying and considerations against telling the truth are sensitive to the practical interests of those lied to. When the topic of the lie in question matters little to the victim's rational decision making, the threshold for when considerations against telling the truth can outweigh considerations against lying are lowered. This account is seen to explain why lying to avoid little harm is sometimes permissible, and sometimes not.
The Truth About Deception
Authors: Pallikkathayil Japa
Published: September 2017

The prohibition on lying is often thought to be very stringent. Some have even been tempted to think that it is absolute. In contrast, the prohibition on other forms of deception seems to be looser. This paper explores the relationship between the duty not to deceive and the duty not to lie. This discussion is situated in the context of a broadly Kantian account of morality. Kant himself infamously claimed that one ought not lie to a murderer at the door about the location of his intended victim. This paper aims to explain how a broadly Kantian view can endorse a distinctive duty not to lie without thereby being committed to this kind of conclusion.
The Defeasibility of Knowledge‐How
Authors: Adam Carter J. , Navarro Jesús
Published: September 2017

Reductive intellectualists (e.g., Stanley & Williamson 2001; Stanley 2011a; 2011b; Brogaard 2008; 2009; 2011) hold that knowledge‐how is a kind of knowledge‐that. If this thesis is correct, then we should expect the defeasibility conditions for knowledge‐how and knowledge‐that to be uniform—viz., that the mechanisms of epistemic defeat which undermine propositional knowledge will be equally capable of imperilling knowledge‐how. The goal of this paper is twofold: first, against intellectualism, we will show that knowledge‐how is in fact resilient to being undermined by the very kinds of traditional (propositional) epistemic defeaters which clearly defeat the items of propositional knowledge which intellectualists identify with knowledge‐how. Second, we aim to fill an important lacuna in the contemporary debate, which is to develop an alternative way in which epistemic defeat for knowledge‐how could be modelled within an anti‐intellectualist framework.
A Deliberative Approach to Causation
Authors: Fernandes Alison Sutton
Published: September 2017

Fundamental physics makes no clear use of causal notions; it uses laws that operate in relevant respects in both temporal directions and that relate whole systems across times. But by relating causation to evidence, we can explain how causation fits in to a physical picture of the world and explain its temporal asymmetry. This paper takes up a deliberative approach to causation, according to which causal relations correspond to the evidential relations we need when we decide on one thing in order to achieve another. Tamsin's taking her umbrella is acauseof her staying dry, for example, if and only if her deciding to take her umbrella for the sake of staying dry isadequate grounds for believingshe'll stay dry. This correspondence explains why causation matters: knowledge of causal structure helps us make decisions that are evidence of outcomes we seek. The account also explains why we can control the future and not the past, and why causes comebeforetheir effects. When agents properly deliberate, their decisions can never count as evidence for any outcomes they may seek in the past. From this it follows that causal relations don't run backwards. This deliberative asymmetry is itself traced back to asymmetries of evidence and entropy, providing a new way of deriving causal asymmetry from temporally symmetric laws.
Understanding the incomprehensible – patients’ and spouses’ experiences of comprehensibility before, at and after diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Ozanne Anneli , Graneheim Ulla H.
Published: September 2017

Background

Previous studies have examined manageability and meaningfulness in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but there is a lack of studies examining the comprehensibility ofALSamong patients and their spouses.

Aim

This qualitative retrospective study aimed to illuminate patients’ and spouses’ experiences of comprehensibility inALSfrom a long‐term perspective, when symptoms appeared before diagnosis, and when the diagnosis was given and in life after diagnosis.

Methods

Individual semi‐structured interviews with 14 patients and 13 spouses were performed. The transcribed interviews were subjected to qualitative content analysis.

Findings

Through the whole disease process, patients and spouses feared the unknown regardless of whether they comprehended the disease or not. They described that they before diagnosis felt uncertainty. It was problematic to comprehend what was wrong and what the deterioration implied. At the diagnosis, they described feelings of losing their foothold. Long‐term after diagnosis, they still lived in fear and looked for reasons why they were afflicted.

Conclusions

Findings of similar experiences in comprehensibility between patients and spouses strengthen the importance of support and information to both parties. Since they hovered between comprehensibility and incomprehensibility during the whole disease process, it is important that their questions, fears and worries are met, from the first visit at hospital and through the whole process. Multiprofessional teams, such asALSteams and palliative teams can from a holistic perspective increase the possibility of meeting their needs in their unique situation.
Children with ill parents: extent and nature of caring activities
Authors: Kallander Ellen Katrine , Weimand Bente M. , Becker Saul , Van Roy Betty , Hanssen‐Bauer Ketil , Stavnes Kristin , Faugli Anne , Kufås Elin , Ruud Torleif
Published: September 2017

Rationale

Previous studies have shown that children may take on higher extents of caring activities if their parents are affected by severe illness or disability, especially when their parents lack access to formal and informal care.

Aims and objectives

This study examined the extent and nature of caring activities done by patients’ children; differences in caring activities between different types of parental illness; factors associated with caring activities.

Design

An explorative cross‐sectional multicentre study.

Methods

Parents as patients in specialised healthcare services, and their children, were recruited from five health trusts in Norway. The sample included 246 children aged 8–17 years and their 238 parents with severe physical illness (neurological disease or cancer) (n = 135), mental illness (n = 75) or substance abuse (n = 28).

Main outcome measure

Multidimensional Assessment of Caring Activities (MACA‐YC18).

Results

A large number of children with ill parents are performing various caring activities. Increased caring activities among children due to their parent's illness were confirmed by their parents, especially with regard to personal care. We found no significant differences in the extent of caring activities between illness types, but there were some differences in the nature of these activities. Factors significantly associated with the extent and nature of caring activities were as follows: better social skills and higher external locus of control among the children; and poorer physical parental health. Parent's access to home‐based services was limited.

Study limitations

In recruitment of participants for the study, a sampling bias may have occurred.

Conclusion

To promote coping and to prevent inappropriate or extensive caring activities among children with ill parents, there is a need for increased access to flexible home‐based services adapted to the type of parental illness.
Trehalose 6‐phosphate is involved in triggering axillary bud outgrowth in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Fichtner Franziska , Barbier Francois F. , Feil Regina , Watanabe Mutsumi , Annunziata Maria Grazia , Chabikwa Tinashe G. , Höfgen Rainer , Stitt Mark , Beveridge Christine A. , Lunn John E.
Published: September 2017

Trehalose 6‐phosphate (Tre6P) is a signal of sucrose availability in plants, and has been implicated in the regulation of shoot branching by the abnormal branching phenotypes of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and maize (Zea mays) mutants with altered Tre6P metabolism. Decapitation of garden pea (Pisum sativum) plants has been proposed to release the dormancy of axillary buds lower down the stem due to changes in sucrose supply, and we hypothesized that this response is mediated by Tre6P. Decapitation led to a rapid and sustained rise in Tre6P levels in axillary buds, coinciding with the onset of bud outgrowth. This response was suppressed by simultaneous defoliation that restricts the supply of sucrose to axillary buds in decapitated plants. Decapitation also led to a rise in amino acid levels in buds, but a fall in phosphoenolpyruvate and 2‐oxoglutarate. Supplying sucrose to stem node explants in vitro triggered a concentration‐dependent increase in the Tre6P content of the buds that was highly correlated with their rate of outgrowth. These data show that changes in bud Tre6P levels are correlated with initiation of bud outgrowth following decapitation, suggesting that Tre6P is involved in the release of bud dormancy by sucrose. Tre6P might also be linked to a reconfiguration of carbon and nitrogen metabolism to support the subsequent growth of the bud into a new shoot.
Application of three hygrometers under different skin conditions in dogs: dry, moist and haired skin
Authors: Momota Yutaka , Shimada Kenichiro , Minorikawa Naoyuki , Gin Azusa , Matsubara Takako , Nakamura Yuka , Katayama Masaaki , Sako Toshinori
Published: September 2017

Background

Hydration is one parameter of skin barrier function. The Skicon‐200EX® and Corneometer CM825® are hygrometers used to measure skin hydration in humans based on different measurement methods. The ASA‐MX3® is a hygrometer used to obtain measurements at haired skin sites in humans.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To validate three hygrometers to measure skin dryness in dogs.

Animals

Six clinically normal research dogs.

Methods

In vivo evaluation of three hygrometers for three different skin types was performed. Measurement of hydration was performed at five different regional sites. Dry and moist skin were induced by treatment with a sorbent and petrolatum, respectively, and measurements were collected for 120 min. Skin sites with three different hair lengths were evaluated to determine whether hair would interfere with hydration measurements.

Results

All three hygrometers obtained measurements at the nonhaired skin sites, except the ASA‐MX3® hygrometer at the ear site. At the dry skin sites the Skicon‐200EX® hygrometer detected a significant decrease of water content for longer than the other devices. At the moist skin sites the Corneometer CM825® and ASA‐MX3® hygrometers showed a significant increase in water content. The ASA‐MX3® hygrometer was the only device that could obtain measurements at sites with hair.

Conclusions and clinical importance

The Skicon‐200EX® hygrometer was the most sensitive for detecting skin dryness, whereas the Corneometer CM825® and ASA‐MX3® hygrometers detected an emollient effect. Only the ASA‐MX3® could provide measurements at the haired sites. This study may assist in the selection of a hygrometer based on the purpose of use.
Severe acquired subglottic stenosis in neonatal intensive care graduates: a case–control study
Authors: Thomas Rebecca E , Rao Shripada C , Minutillo Corrado , Vijayasekaran Shyan , Nathan Elizabeth A
Published: September 2017

Objective

To analyse current incidence and risk factors associated with severe acquired subglottic stenosis (SASGS) requiring surgical intervention in neonates.

Design

Retrospective case–control study.

Setting

Sole tertiary children’s hospital.

Participants

Patients who underwent surgical intervention for SASGS from January 2006 to December 2014. For each neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) graduate with acquired SASGS, two controls were selected (matched for gestation and year of birth).

Main outcomes and measures

Incidences were calculated and cases and controls compared using conditional logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for SASGS.

Results

Thirty-seven NICU graduates required surgical intervention for SASGS of whom 35 were <30-week gestation at birth. The incidence of SASGS in surviving children who had required ventilation in the neonatal period was 27/2913 (0.93%). Incidence was higher in infants <28-week gestation (24/623=3.8%) compared with infants ≥28-week gestation (3/2290=0.13%; p=0.0001). On univariate analysis, risk factors for SASGS were: higher number of intubations (4 vs 2; p<0.001); longer duration ventilation (16 vs 9.5 days; p<0.001); unplanned extubation (45.7% vs 20.0%; p=0.007); traumatic intubation (34.3% vs 7.1%; p=0.003) and oversized endotracheal tubes (ETTs) (74.3% vs 42.9%; p=0.001). On multivariate analysis, risk factors for SASGS were: Sherman ratio >0.1 (adjusted OR (aOR) 6.40; 95% CI 1.65 to 24.77); more than five previous intubations (aOR 3.74; 95% CI 1.15 to 12.19); traumatic intubation (aOR 3.37; 95% CI 1.01 to 11.26).

Conclusions

SASGS is a serious consequence of intubation for mechanical ventilation in NICU graduates, especially in preterm infants. Minimising trauma during intubations, avoiding recurrent extubation/reintubations and using appropriate sized ETTs may help prevent this serious complication.