bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Archives in Africa: an Overview with Examples of Recent Initiatives
Authors: Sutton David C.
Published: April 2022

There are between 195 and 200 countries in the world (depending upon whether or not certain controversial cases are included), of which 54 are in Africa. All of these countries have some sort of archives service in one or more institutions, and there are usually around 195 countries represented in the membership of the International Council on Archives (ICA). The archival collections which are universally held are governmental archives. Every country with membership of ICA has an archives service which collects and preserves records of national government, in part or in whole. A great majority of ICA member countries (but not all) also hold archives of local, municipal or regional government, as well as collections of parliamentary papers (which are generally regarded as distinct from papers of government).
Novices in the Archives: Restoring, Preserving and Digitising an African Archive
Authors: Houchins Sue E.
Published: April 2022

In 2013, I traveled to the Khama III Memorial Museum in Serowe, Botswana, to deliver a paper at a conference honoring the fortieth anniversary of the publication of southern African author Bessie Head's celebrated novel A Question of Power. This was my first visit to the museum that houses the author's archives which contain most of her correspondence with literary agents, publishers, historians, anthropologists, literary critics, and other writers - including Alice Walker, Nikki Giovanni, Toni Morrison, and Gabriel Garcia Marquez. They also include some of her original manuscripts, agricultural notes, and publishing contracts.

All the scholars who presented papers on this occasion, except for one, were Africanists who focused on the literatures of the Continent. The outlier who specialised in African American drama delivered a comparative study between Head's short fiction and works by Black Atlantic writers.
Lilias Trotter and the Algiers Mission Band
Authors: Brown Sue
Published: April 2022

It was the early 1980s in Algeria. There had been Protestant mission work in the country for a century. The Christian church was growing and missionaries were being asked to leave. One former member of the small Algiers Mission Band had just had her residence permit renewed for a further two years and so was able to stay longer when others had to go. She saw this as a God-given opportunity to ensure that vital documents got safely back to the UK so that the history of this remarkable group of missionaries, mainly women, should be preserved. To her we owe the preservation of the largely complete archive of the Algiers Mission Band (AMB), the mission society led by Lilias Trotter, which was transferred bit by bit from a flat in central Algiers to the home office in the UK.
Two sides of the slave trade debate: Rev. James Ramsay and Captain Hugh Crow
Authors: Pinfold John
Published: April 2022

Despite some earlier efforts, systematic campaigning against the slave trade is generally regarded as having started in the 1780s. The Quakers were the first to highlight the issues and it was they who were responsible for the first petition to Parliament in 1783. The Quakers set up a committee to obtain and publish information ‘as may tend to the abolition of the slave trade’, and this work was carried on by the more broadly based Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade, established in 1787. With Thomas Clarkson travelling the country to gather information, this new group was able to attract the support of a considerably wider segment of the population and in 1788 over one hundred petitions were presented to Parliament.
Where Jules Verne and Rider Haggard Meet: The Amber City by Thomas Vetch
Authors: Pinfold John
Published: April 2022

Of all the colonial novels Thomas Vetch's The Amber City, published in Londoi by Biggs & Debenham in 1888 (or perhaps 1889), is one of the rarest. Only fivi copies are recorded on WorldCat – all in the United States – and, despite bein; published in London, it is held by none of the UK legal deposit libraries, no by any UK university library. Yet, in its mixture of (almost believable) sciena fiction and boy's own adventure, it is one of the most intriguing of all such nar ratives, and in spite of being liberally peppered with a good deal of the casua racism common to the period and the genre, it remains eminently readablf today. It is also surrounded by a good deal of mystery, prompting questions; to how much of it is based on reality, and, perhaps even more intriguingly, the true identity of the author.
Exhibiting the Maqdala Manuscripts: African Scribes: Manuscript Culture of Ethiopia
Authors: Derillo Eyob
Published: April 2022

The major purpose of this article is to document the exhibition “African Scribes: Manuscript Culture of Ethiopia” (hereafter “African Scribes”), which opened on 6 February 2018 in the Sir John Ritblat Treasures of the British Library Gallery in London.

Items in the Sir John Ritblat Treasures of the British Library Gallery range from the 4th century Codex Sinaiticus to John Lennon's letters. The display tells the I literary history of Europe, Asia and the Middle East. Out of the 240 items on permanent display, there are only two items from Ethiopia representing Africa.

The main objectives of the “African Scribes” exhibition were to pay tribute to unknown Ethiopian scribes and artists and also, to a certain extent, to direct attention to some diverse and significant items in the British Library collection that had never been on display before. The display explored the art, binding and calligraphy of manuscripts of Ethiopia.
Digitising an African Studies Audiovisual Archive: Moves, Setbacks, Lessons
Authors: Adeduntan Ayo
Published: April 2022

As a subset of the well-known increasing subordination of the humanities in the academy, there have always been recurrent attempts to territorially contain the discipline of African Studies on the continent. The attempts at containment are sometimes informed by factors that include concerns about contiguous disciplines within the same institution and the formal identification of African Studies with institutes which signs difference to orthodox university faculties and departments. I will cite two examples, temporally separated from each other by almost one century, to illustrate the currency of this internal suspicion. In the decade before independence, one of the earliest attempts at starting an academic department in the discipline at the University College, Ghana, was stymied by the territorial apprehension that “any new institute should not replicate work in the [other] disciplines… and that a new institute should not ‘usurp the research side of all relevant departments’” (Allman, 2013:185).
‘Patriotic pigeons’: pigeon politics and military service in war-time South Africa, c.1899 – 1945
Authors: Snyders Hendrik
Published: April 2022

Contrary to P.S Thompson's contention that the Great War in Natal was “chiefly the concern of the British community”, contemporary evidence indicated that this and other conflicts were equally the concern of the ‘animal community’ including that of pigeons. In fact, history abounds with the tales of pigeons fulfilling a critical intelligence role in both local and overseas conflicts, including the Anglo-Boer War, First World War and World War Two. Indeed, in all cases special war measures were promulgated to regulate the keeping, general treatment, utilisation and transport of the birds. The Dickin Medal, also known as the Victoria Cross for Animals and awarded to recognise conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty of animals and birds associated with or under the control of any branch of the Armed Forces or Civil Defence Units under the British Imperial Army, was awarded to 32 pigeons.
The Henry Martyn Centre: home of some ‘hidden’ African Collections
Authors: Hughes Lucy
Published: April 2022

Given that the words ‘Africa’ or ‘African’ are not present in the name of the Centre, many might be surprised at the quantity and quality of material relating to that continent, held at the Henry Martyn Centre. It is held in a variety of formats including correspondence, photographs, maps and newspapers. In addition to this archival material, the Henry Martyn Library offers a very rich resource which complements the archival holdings. Books, unpublished theses and journals about Africa are all to be found there. I will begin by explaining briefly what the Henry Martyn Centre does, and about how the archive has developed. I will then go on to explain how the very strong African link has been forged and fostered over the years. In the second half of this paper I will consider in what ways these African collections could be described as ‘hidden’, and how we are addressing that. I will be taking a ‘case study’ approach, focussing on a few key examples.
Numerical Adaptations of Captain Sumner's 1837 journey: a context for teaching celestial navigation
Authors: Bensky Tom
Published: April 2022

In an effort to add context to a classroom lesson on celestial navigation, we present a numerical adaptation of Captain T.H. Sumner's 1837 journey into St. George's Channel. The adaptation is programmed into a ‘live’ web-based map. This allows for a flexible and highly visual presentation that highlights two important topics in celestial navigation: the origin of the line of position and the scale of maps. Considerations driving the numerical adaptation are discussed, as is as an overview of a classroom lesson we have been using.
Steady state diffusion in tubular structures: Assessment of one-dimensional models
Authors: MARTIN P. A. , SKVORTSOV A. T.
Published: April 2022

Steady-state diffusion in long axisymmetric structures is considered. The goal is to assess one-dimensional approximations by comparing them with axisymmetric eigenfunction expansions. Two problems are considered in detail: a finite tube with one end that is partly absorbing and partly reflecting; and two finite coaxial tubes with different cross-sectional radii joined together abruptly. Both problems may be modelled using effective boundary conditions, containing a parameter known as the trapping rate. We show that trapping rates depend on the lengths of the finite tubes (and that they decay slowly as these lengths increase) and we show how trapping rates are related to blockage coefficients, which are well known in the context of potential flow along tubes of infinite length.
Isolated cardiac amyloidosis with normal interventricular septum thickness: a case report
Authors: Xu Zhanwen , Li Yaqin
Published: April 2022

Cardiac amyloidosis presented with normal interventricular septum is an extremely rare entity, and diagnosis may be difficult. This report discusses a 44-year-old female who presented with worsening dyspnoea on exertion, orthopnoea, and lower-extremity oedema. Electrocardiogram depicted low voltage in limb leads and a pseudoinfarct pattern. Echocardiogram revealed biatrial dilatation without changes of ventricular chambers and restrictive filling physiology. A diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis was considered. Cardiac MRI was pursued, showing delayed gadolinium enhancement, and this ultimately led to the myocardial biopsy confirming the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. The case suggests that patients who present with heart failure of uncertain aetiology, amyloidosis could be a cause of cardiomyopathy despite the absence of “classical” echocardiographic features of amyloid deposition such as an increased interventricular septum thickness or“brilliant sparkled”appearance of the myocardium.
EXPLICIT NORDSIECK SECOND DERIVATIVE GENERAL LINEAR METHODS FOR ODES
Authors: RAMAZANI P. , ABDI A. , HOJJATI G. , MORADI A.
Published: April 2022

The paper deals with the construction of explicit Nordsieck second derivative general linear methods with s stages of order p with
$p=s$
and high stage order
$q=p$
with inherent Runge–Kutta or quadratic stability properties. Satisfying the order and stage order conditions together with inherent stability conditions leads to methods with some free parameters, which will be used to obtain methods with a large region of absolute stability. Examples of methods with r external stages and
$p=q=s=r-1$
up to order five are given, and numerical experiments in a fixed stepsize environment are presented.
Soybean yield loss from delayed postemergence herbicide application based on weed height, days after emergence, accumulated crop heat units, and soybean growth stage
Authors: Soltani Nader , Shropshire Christy , Sikkema Peter H.
Published: April 2022

Limited information exists on the critical time of weed removal (CTWR) with the currently used soybean cultivars in Ontario. A study consisting of eight field experiments was conducted from 2017 to 2019 in Ontario, Canada, to determine the impact of delayed postemergence (POST) herbicide application on soybean yield based on average weed height at application, days after crop emergence (DAE), accumulated crop heat units (CHU) from the date of planting, and soybean growth stage. The regression model estimated the weed size at herbicide application that led to 1%, 2.5%, and 5% yield loss in soybean was 9, 14, and 20 cm under low weed density (averaging 73 to 134 plants m−2) and 3, 4, and 6 cm under high weed density (143 to 153 plants m−2) conditions, respectively. The estimated DAE at herbicide application time that led to 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 25% yield loss in soybean was 24, 30, 37, and 53 DAE under low weed density and 8, 10, 14, and 23 DAE under high weed density, respectively. The predicted crop stage at herbicide application that resulted in 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 25% yield loss in soybean was V4, V5, R2, and R5 under low weed density and VE, VC, V1, and V4 under high weed density, respectively. This study concludes that soybean yield loss is influenced by the weed density (low vs/high) and the time of the first POST herbicide application. When the first POST herbicide application was delayed until soybean was at the V2 stage the monetary loss was Can$20.46 and Can$221.20 ha−1 in low and high weed-density environments, respectively.
Kinder psychisch kranker Eltern stärken
Authors: Lenz Albert
Published: April 2022

Trotz belastender Lebensumstände und Probleme entwickeln sich viele Kinder psychisch kranker Eltern zu selbstsicheren, sozial kompetenten und leistungsfähigen Persönlichkeiten. Solche resiliente Kinder verfügen über Fähigkeiten, die es ihnen ermöglichen, mit den Belastungen erfolgreich umzugehen und auftauchende Probleme zu lösen. Der Ratgeber liefert umfangreiche Informationen dazu, wie die Resilienz, also die seelische Widerstandskraft von Kindern, in der Familie, im Kindergarten und in der Schule gefördert werden kann.
Der Ratgeber informiert im ersten Teil über psychische Erkrankungen, die Anzahl der Betroffenen, über Erkrankungsrisiken der Kinder, über die Belastungsfaktoren und das Belastungserleben der Kinder und der Eltern. Der zweite Teil des Ratgebers beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, was Kinder stärkt und welche Besonderheiten resiliente Kinder auszeichnen. Der letzte Teil des Ratgebers gibt Eltern praktische Anregungen, wie sie die Resilienz ihrer Kinder stärken können. Zudem enthält der Ratgeber auch zahlreiche Hinweise für Lehrkräfte sowie für Erzieherinnen und Erzieher, wie sie betroffene Familien überstützen können.
Shift, Suppress, Sever
Authors: Wisse Barbara , Rus Diana
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Leaders with dark personalities are notorious for their destructive influences at work. Yet, it may not be enough for organizations to solely focus their interventions on leaders exhibiting dark personalities. Instead, we argue that systemic interventions that rely on levers at multiple organizational levels may be more fruitful in tackling destructive leadership. Specifically, we propose that interventions accounting for the individual characteristics of leaders and followers, as well as the organizational contexts in which destructive leadership is allowed to occur, are more likely to be effective and sustainable. By integrating literature from management, psychology, and educational sciences, we propose a framework that could serve as a guideline for organizational interventions and spur future research on how to mitigate destructive leadership processes.
Glycation modulates glutamatergic signaling and exacerbates Parkinson’s disease-like phenotypes
Authors: Chegão Ana , Guarda Mariana , Alexandre Bruno M. , Shvachiy Liana , Temido-Ferreira Mariana , Marques-Morgado Inês , Fernandes Gomes Bárbara , Matthiesen Rune , Lopes Luísa V. , Florindo Pedro R. , Gomes Ricardo A. , Gomes-Alves Patrícia , Coelho Joana E. , Outeiro Tiago Fleming , Vicente Miranda Hugo
Published: April 2022

Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) is a central player in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies due to its accumulation in typical protein aggregates in the brain. However, it is still unclear how it contributes to neurodegeneration. Type-2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Interestingly, a common molecular alteration among these disorders is the age-associated increase in protein glycation. We hypothesized that glycation-induced neuronal dysfunction is a contributing factor in synucleinopathies. Here, we dissected the impact of methylglyoxal (MGO, a glycating agent) in mice overexpressing aSyn in the brain. We found that MGO-glycation potentiates motor, cognitive, olfactory, and colonic dysfunction in aSyn transgenic (Thy1-aSyn) mice that received a single dose of MGO via intracerebroventricular injection. aSyn accumulates in the midbrain, striatum, and prefrontal cortex, and protein glycation is increased in the cerebellum and midbrain. SWATH mass spectrometry analysis, used to quantify changes in the brain proteome, revealed that MGO mainly increase glutamatergic-associated proteins in the midbrain (NMDA, AMPA, glutaminase, VGLUT and EAAT1), but not in the prefrontal cortex, where it mainly affects the electron transport chain. The glycated proteins in the midbrain of MGO-injected Thy1-aSyn mice strongly correlate with PD and dopaminergic pathways. Overall, we demonstrated that MGO-induced glycation accelerates PD-like sensorimotor and cognitive alterations and suggest that the increase of glutamatergic signaling may underly these events. Our study sheds new light into the enhanced vulnerability of the midbrain in PD-related synaptic dysfunction and suggests that glycation suppressors and anti-glutamatergic drugs may hold promise as disease-modifying therapies for synucleinopathies.
Customized bioreactor enables the production of 3D diaphragmatic constructs influencing matrix remodeling and fibroblast overgrowth
Authors: Maghin Edoardo , Carraro Eugenia , Boso Daniele , Dedja Arben , Giagante Mattia , Caccin Paola , Barna Raluca Ana-Maria , Bresolin Silvia , Cani Alice , Borile Giulia , Sandrin Deborah , Romanato Filippo , Cecchinato Francesca , Urciuolo Anna , Sandonà Dorianna , De Coppi Paolo , Pavan Piero G. , Piccoli Martina
Published: April 2022

The production of skeletal muscle constructs useful for replacing large defects in vivo, such as in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), is still considered a challenge. The standard application of prosthetic material presents major limitations, such as hernia recurrences in a remarkable number of CDH patients. With this work, we developed a tissue engineering approach based on decellularized diaphragmatic muscle and human cells for the in vitro generation of diaphragmatic-like tissues as a proof-of-concept of a new option for the surgical treatment of large diaphragm defects. A customized bioreactor for diaphragmatic muscle was designed to control mechanical stimulation and promote radial stretching during the construct engineering. In vitro tests demonstrated that both ECM remodeling and fibroblast overgrowth were positively influenced by the bioreactor culture. Mechanically stimulated constructs also increased tissue maturation, with the formation of new oriented and aligned muscle fibers. Moreover, after in vivo orthotopic implantation in a surgical CDH mouse model, mechanically stimulated muscles maintained the presence of human cells within myofibers and hernia recurrence did not occur, suggesting the value of this approach for treating diaphragm defects.
Optimization of brewing conditions for Tieguanyin oolong tea by quadratic orthogonal regression design
Authors: Cao Qing-Qing , Wang Jie-Qiong , Chen Jian-Xin , Wang Fang , Gao Ying , Granato Daniel , Zhang Xuebo , Yin Jun-Feng , Xu Yong-Quan
Published: April 2022

Tieguanyin is one of the most consumed oolong teas because of its distinctive flavor. The brewing process is crucial for the flavor performance of traditional teas, thus the effects of brewing conditions, including water/tea ratio (R), brewing temperature (T), and time (S) on the sensory traits, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of Tieguanyin tea infusion were investigated using quadratic orthogonal regression design. Results showed that R affected all the quality variables most, its reduction could lead to the promotion of tea infusion concentration, antioxidant activity, and taste intensity, which was favored by the tea consumers drinking tea almost daily (DTD) but unacceptable for those drinking tea hardly (DTH). Based on the optimization of brewing conditions in response surface methodology (RSM), we recommended several brewing schemes for diverse consume goals: R = 34 mL/g, T = 80 °C, S = 80 s for DTH; R = 39 mL/g, T = 100 °C, S = 127 s for DTO (the consumers drinking tea occasionally); R = 20 mL/g, T = 100 °C, S = 100 s for DTD; R = 26 mL/g, T = 100 °C and S = 127 s for the common consumers seeking for flavor and health benefits. These results would be helpful for tea consumers with multiple demands.
Agroclimatic Evolution web application as a powerful solution for managing climate data
Authors: Soler-Méndez Manuel , Parras-Burgos Dolores , Benouna-Bennouna Rachid , Molina-Martínez José Miguel
Published: April 2022

Applying the AgroClimatic Evolution web application allows inquiries being made, data being collected and variables being calculated with the data acquired from different public agrometeorological stations on a single platform. Today all these stations from Murcia and Andalusia (Spain) are included, and stations elsewhere in Spain are being incorporated. This web application also offers the possibility of including each user’s own stations, which increases the number and availability of data close to each farmer’s plots. The data collected from stations is employed to collect daily data about weather and times, which are used to calculate the reference evapotranspiration (ETo). All the data are saved in a cloud database to later consult them and study their evolution. The data provided by all the stations are validated by applying the filters indicated in Standard UNE 500540:2004 “Automatic weather stations networks” by eliminating mistaken data that could alter correct ETo calculations. With the filtered data, and having calculated ETo, the user is provided with a comparison made with the raw data supplied by public stations. The main objective of this tool is to optimize the use of water resources available from data acquisition. Managing these data will contribute to make agriculture more sustainable and compatible with the natural environment.
Muography for a dense tide monitoring network
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki K. M.
Published: April 2022

Sub-hourly to seasonal and interannual oceanographic phenomena can be better understood with high special resolution and high frequency tidal observations. However, while current tidal measurements can provide sufficiently high observational density in terms of time, the observational density in terms of space is low mainly due to the high expense of constructing tide gauge stations. In this work, we designed a novel tide monitoring technique with muography that could be operated in near-shore basements (or similar structures on land below sea level) and found that more practical, stable, robust and cost-effective high-spatiotemporal-density tide measurements are possible. Although the time resolution, sensitivity, and the distance between the detectors and the shorelines are tradeoffs, hourly and annual sensitivity (ability to detect the tide height variations) of less than 10 cm and 1 mm can be statistically attained, respectively. It is anticipated that the current muographic technique could be applied as an alternative, cost-effective and convenient dense tidal monitor network strategy in coastal areas worldwide.
Genetic, clinic and histopathologic characterization of BRCA-associated hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in southwestern Finland
Authors: Pallonen Terhi Aino-Sofia , Lempiäinen Salla Maria Matleena , Joutsiniemi Titta Kristiina , Aaltonen Riitta Irmeli , Pohjola Pia Erika , Kankuri-Tammilehto Minna Kristiina
Published: April 2022

We have analyzed the histopathological, clinical, and genetic characteristics in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer patients of counselled families from 1996 up to today in the southwestern Finland population. In this study we analyzed the incidence of different BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants (PV). 1211 families were evaluated, and the families were classified as 38 BRCA1 families, 48 BRCA2 families, 689 non-BRCA families and 436 other counselled families (criteria for genetic testing was not met). In those families, the study consisted of 44 BRCA1 breast and/or ovarian cancer patients, 58 BRCA2 cancer patients, 602 non-BRCA patients and 328 other counselled patients. Breast cancer mean onset was 4.6 years earlier in BRCA1 carriers compared to BRCA2 (p = 0.07, a trend) and ovarian cancer onset almost 11 years earlier in BRCA1 families (p < 0.05). In BRCA families the onset of ovarian cancer was later than 40 years, and BRCA2-origin breast cancer was seen as late as 78 years. The BRCA PV (9%) increases the risk for same patient having both ovarian and breast cancer with a twofold risk when compared to non-BRCA group (4%) (95% CI p < 0.05). Triple-negativity in BRCA1 (42%) carriers is approximately 2.6 times vs more common than in BRCA2 carriers (16%) (p < 0.05). The risk ratio for bilateral breast cancer is approximately four times when compared BRCA2 (17%) and other counselled patients’ group (4%) (p < 0.05). 27% southwestern BRCA2-families have a unique PV, and correspondingly 39% of BRCA1-families. The results of this analysis allow improved prediction of cancer risk in high-risk hereditary breast and ovarian families in southwestern Finland and improve long term follow-up programs. According to the result it could be justified to have the discussion about prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy by the age of 40 years. The possibility of late breast cancer onset in BRCA2 carriers supports the lifelong follow-up in BRCA carriers. Cancer onset is similar between BRCA2 carries and non-BRCA high-risk families. This study evaluated mutation profile of BRCA in southwestern Finland. In this study genotype–phenotype correlation was not found
Unveiling OASIS family as a key player in hypoxia–ischemia cases induced by cocaine using generative adversarial networks
Authors: Lee Kyoungmin , Kim Taehyeong , Cheon Mookyung , Yu Wookyung
Published: April 2022

Repeated cocaine use poses many serious health risks to users. One of the risks is hypoxia and ischemia (HI). To restore the biological system against HI, complex biological mechanisms operate at the gene level. Despite the complexity of biological mechanisms, there are common denominator genes that play pivotal roles in various defense systems. Among these genes, the cAMP response element-binding (Creb) protein contributes not only to various aspects of drug-seeking behavior and drug reward, but also to protective mechanisms. However, it is still unclear which Creb members are key players in the protection of cocaine-induced HI conditions. Herein, using one of the state-of-the-art deep learning methods, the generative adversarial network, we revealed that the OASIS family, one of the Creb family, is a key player in various defense mechanisms such as angiogenesis and unfolded protein response against the HI state by unveiling hidden mRNA expression profiles. Furthermore, we identified mysterious kinases in the OASIS family and are able to explain why the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus are vulnerable to HI at the genetic level.
Optical Spectroscopies: Detection of Biological Species, Conformations and Interactions
Authors: McClenaghan Nathan D. , Rodriguez Vincent
Published: April 2022

A range of supramolecular interactions can give rise to changes in detected spectroscopic signals, which may, in certain cases, be used for sensing analytes and in optical imaging. Changes in conformation, orientation and concentration of specific analytes can be probed. Here an overview of a range of pertinent optical spectroscopies and underpinning principles adapted to study biological media are described. As well as more popular current spectroscopic techniques, notably a range of luminescence techniques (including time-resolved and polarization methods), emerging non-linear optical approaches are detailed. These are based on both electronic and vibrational spectroscopies, which hold great promise for future in situ studies, in particular when they are combined together to generate multimodal information in real-time monitoring where possible.
Super-resolution Microscopy
Authors: Ward Edward N. , Pal Robert
Published: April 2022

Super resolution microscopy has become a staple in optical microscopy with applications ranging from imaging sub-cellular features to monitoring the stages of chemical reactions. In this chapter we present a brief background on the origin of the diffraction limit, a summary of the key techniques and their individual strengths and weaknesses.
Co(iii) 2-ethylhexanoate, a hydrophobic and highly soluble Co(iii) precursor for thin coatings for water electrolysis
Authors: Capilli Gabriele , Szkopek Thomas , Cerruti Marta
Published: April 2022

Co(iii) 2-ethylhexanoate (Co(iii)eh) is the first Co(iii) species soluble in a wide spectrum of solvents including strong apolar media. At modestTor by laser irradiation, Co(iii)eh films convert to state-of-the-art cobalt oxide catalytic layers.
Alkynyl and halogen co-protected (AuAg)44 nanoclusters: a comparative study on their optical absorbance, structure, and hydrogen evolution performance
Authors: Tang Yun , Sun Fang , Ma Xiaoshuang , Qin Lubing , Ma Guanyu , Tang Qing , Tang Zhenghua
Published: April 2022

Two similar alkynyl and halogen coprotected Au24Ag20 and Au22Ag22 nanoclusters were synthesized and structurally compared, and two-metal-atom difference in the two clusters results in drastically different optical feature and HER performance.
A technique to select the most obscured galaxy nuclei
Authors: García-Bernete I. , Rigopoulou D. , Aalto S. , Spoon H.W.W. , Hernán-Caballero A. , Efstathiou A. , Roche P. F. , König S.
Published: April 2022

Compact obscured nuclei (CONs) are mainly found in local luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (U/LIRGs). In the local Universe, these sources are generally selected through the detection of the HCN–vib (3-2) emission line at submillimetre wavelengths. In this work, we present a diagnostic method to select deeply buried nuclei based on mid-infrared (mid-IR) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and mid-IR continuum ratios. Using Spitzer InfraRed Spectrograph (IRS) spectra of a representative sample of local ULIRGs (z <  0.27), we examine their PAH and underlying continuum emission ratios. For deeply embedded sources, we find that the 9.7 μm silicate absorption band has a particularly pronounced effect on the 11.3 μm PAH feature. The low flux level in the nuclear silicate absorption band enhances the 11.3 μm PAH feature contrast (high PAH equivalent width) compared to that of the other PAH features. The technique has been extended to include the use of the underlying 11.3/12.7 and 11.3/6.2 μm continuum ratios. However, the latter are affected by the extinction coming from both the host galaxy and the nuclear region, whereas the foreground (host-galaxy) extinction is cancelled out when using the PAH equivalent width ratios. We apply our method to local U/LIRGs from the HERUS and GOALS samples and classify 14 ULIRGs and 10 LIRGs as CON candidates, which corresponds to 30% of the ULIRGs and 7% of the LIRGs from these samples. We find that the observed continuum ratios of CON-dominated sources can be explained by assuming torus models with a tapered disc geometry and a smooth dust distribution. This suggests that the nuclear dusty structure of deeply obscured galaxy nuclei has an extremely high dust coverage. Finally, we demonstrate that the use of mid-IR colour–colour diagrams is an effective way to select CON-dominated sources at different redshifts. In particular, the combination of filters of the James Webb Space Telescope/Mid-Infrared Instrument will enable the selection of CONs out to z ∼ 1.5. This will allow the selection of CONs to be extended to high redshifts where U/LIRGs are more numerous.
Emerging population of gap-opening planets around type-A stars
Authors: Müller-Horn J. , Pichierri G. , Bitsch B.
Published: April 2022

Context. The presence of forming planets embedded in their protoplanetary disks has been inferred from the detection of multiring structures in such disks. Most of these suspected planets are undetectable by direct imaging observations at current measurement sensitivities. Inward migration and accretion might make these putative planets accessible to the Doppler method, but the actual extent of growth and orbital evolution remains unconstrained.

Aims. Under the premise that the gaps in the disk around HD 163296 originate from new-born planets, we investigate if and under which circumstances the gap-opening planets could represent progenitors of the exoplanet population detected around A-type stars. In particular, we study the dependence of final planetary masses and orbital parameters on the viscosity of the disk.

Methods. The evolution of the embedded planets was simulated throughout the disk lifetime and up to 100 Myr after the dispersal of the disk, taking the evolving disk structure and a likely range of disk lifetimes into account. We modeled the temperature and density structure of the disk based on observational results following the widely used α disk prescription and we varied planetary and disk parameters within the available observational constraints.

Results. We find that the final configuration of the planets is largely determined by the α viscosity parameter of the disk and less dependent on the choice for the disk lifetime and the initial planetary parameters. If we assume that planets such as those in HD 163296 evolve to form the observed exoplanet population of A-type stars, a α parameter on the order of 3.16 × 10−4 ≲ α ≲ 10−3 is required for the disks to induce sufficiently high migration rates. Depending on whether or not future direct imaging surveys will uncover a larger number of planets with mpl ≲ 3 MJup and apl ≳ 10 AU, we expect the α parameter to be at the lower or upper end of this range, always under the assumption that such disks indeed harbor wide orbit planets.
Detection of CO emission lines in the dayside atmospheres of WASP-33b and WASP-189b with GIANO
Authors: Yan F. , Pallé E. , Reiners A. , Casasayas-Barris N. , Cont D. , Stangret M. , Nortmann L. , Mollière P. , Henning Th. , Chen G. , Molaverdikhani K.
Published: April 2022

Ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are expected to possess temperature inversion layers in their dayside atmospheres. Recent thermal emission observations have discovered several atomic and molecular species along with temperature inversions in UHJs. We observed the thermal emission spectra of two UHJs (WASP-33b and WASP-189b) with the GIANO-B high-resolution near-infrared spectrograph. Using the cross-correlation technique, we detected carbon monoxide (CO) in the dayside atmospheres of both planets. The detected CO lines are in emission, which agrees with previous discoveries of iron emission lines and temperature inversions in the two planets. This is the first detection of CO lines in emission with high-resolution spectroscopy. Further retrieval work combining the CO lines with other spectral features will enable a comprehensive understanding of the atmospheric properties such as temperature structures and C/O ratios. The detected CO and iron emission lines of WASP-189b have redshifted radial velocities of several km s−1, which likely originate from a dayside to nightside wind in its atmosphere. Such a redshifted velocity has not been detected for the emission lines of WASP-33b, suggesting that the atmospheric circulation patterns of the two UHJs may be different.
Comparative study of permanent magnet synchronous machine vs salient pole synchronous machine in high temperature application
Authors: Cousseau Romain , Romary Raphaël , Balavoine François , Irhoumah Miftah , Pusca Remus
Published: April 2022

This paper presents the sizing and the comparison of two synchronous machines. The purpose is to design a high temperature dedicated machine with the same performance and volume as a permanent magnet machine. To compare the machines, torque has been chosen as a reference indicator and not the efficiency which will be not so good for the high temperature machine. A salient pole wound rotor is chosen with anodized aluminum tape as windings. Works presented should be considered as preliminary studies leading to the conception of a prototype.
Out-of-equilibrium supported Pt-Co core-shell nanoparticles stabilized by kinetic trapping at room temperature
Authors: Khelfane Hocine , Andreazza-Vignolle Caroline , Ramos Aline Y. , Penuelas José , Sauvage Thierry , Andreazza Pascal
Published: April 2022

The chemical stability of supported CoPt nanoparticles in out-of-equilibrium core-shell configurations was investigated mainly by anomalous grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (AGISAXS) in association with combined transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. CoPt nanoparticles were prepared at room temperature by ultrahigh vacuum atom beam deposition using two different routes: simultaneous deposition of the two metals (CoPt) or sequential deposition. In this last case, Co deposition on a Pt-core (Pt@Co) and the reverse configuration (Co@Pt) are explored. In the Pt@Co case, our experimental analysis of 2.5 nm particles shows the stability of a Pt rich-core (80% Pt) surrounded by a two-monolayers-thick Co shell. In the reverse case, the core-shell structure is also stabilized, while the codeposited sample leads to an alloyed structure. These results suggest that the growth kinetics can trap the thermodynamically non-favorable core-shell structure even for this system which has a high alloying tendency. Besides the lack of atom mobility at room temperature, this stabilization can also be associated with core strain effects. Post thermal treatment of core-shell samples induces a structural transition from the core-shell configuration to the equilibrium alloyed configuration. This study demonstrates that the element-selective scattering technique, AGISAXS is highly efficient for the extraction of chemical segregation information from multi-component supported nanoparticles, such as core-shell structures, up to ultimate small sizes.
Ces femmes devant nous
Authors: Pirone Ilaria
Published: April 2022

Suite à la prise du pouvoir des talibans en Afghanistan (août 2021), les coordinateurs du dossier ont décidé de publier un texte qui avait été prononcé par Ilaria Pirone en ouverture d’une journée d’étude sur le trajet des femmes de l’exil (juin 2021). La presse relate comment le nouveau régime essaye d’effacer la voix des femmes, les rendre invisibles, les effacer.

À la différence des héroïnes grecques qui meurent en silence, les femmes de l’exil qui décident un jour de partir et de tout quitter ont trouvé la force de renverser leur destin social. Le travail consiste alors à trouver avec elle comment décider d’exister autrement après ce « non » qu’elles ont réussi à acter. Ce texte est un témoignage de ce que la rencontre avec ces femmes nous enseignent.
Le sujet et la clinique de l’exil
Authors: Birman Joel
Published: April 2022

Le sujet et la clinique de l’exil. L’intention de cet article est de problématiser la question de l’exil contemporain dans une perspective interdisciplinaire, en remarquant d’abord la relation entre cet exil et le nouvel ordre néolibéral, pour développer ensuite les traits fondamentaux de la clinique et du sujet en exil.
Un témoignage sur l’interrelation de l’élaboration du trauma et de l’environnement politique
Authors: Altounian Janine
Published: April 2022

En s’appuyant sur son propre parcours, l’auteur cherche à montrer combien, chez l’héritier de parents survivants à un crime de masse, l’élaboration psychique du trauma est tributaire des conditions socio-politiques qu’offre le pays d’accueil de ses parents. Son témoignage souligne ainsi l’absence actuelle de ces conditions favorisant l’élaboration du trauma pour ceux qui, ayant échappé aux violences sévissant dans leur pays, viennent chercher un refuge en France.
Hérédité vs traumatisme : psychiatres et enfants victimes de la guerre 1945-1950
Authors: Boussion Samuel
Published: April 2022

Dans l’après Seconde Guerre mondiale, loin d’embrasser l’idée que les enfants ont été traumatisés par le conflit et ses violences, les psychiatres semblent repliés sur leurs lectures héréditaristes, même s’ils reconnaissent la guerre comme expérience psychologique. Si l’on pouvait s’attendre à une traumatologie tissée autour du poids de la guerre dans les troubles de l’enfant, voire à la mise à jour de pathologies et de traitements spécifiques, on est frappé par la force d’un autre constat : la guerre n’aurait fait que révéler chez les enfants des pathologies latentes. Il s’agit alors de mesurer l’écart entre économie morale de l’enfance victime de la guerre et théorie psychiatrique, de redonner une profondeur historique à la question du traumatisme des enfants, enfin de mettre en évidence comment la psychiatrie de l’enfant est alors en cours d’élaboration et comment la guerre qui vient de s’achever y contribue, par exemple autour de la place du corpus analytique.
Prendre en compte et politiser les violences faites aux femmes illégalisées
Authors: Tyszler Elsa
Published: April 2022

Cet article a pour objectif de repolitiser les violences, notamment sexuelles, subies par les femmes en quête de mobilité ou d’exil sur les routes de l’Europe. Souvent considérées comme des dommages collatéraux de la migration dite clandestine, elles sont analysées ici comme faisant partie des violences structurelles dans le cadre des mobilités du Sud global entravées par les régimes migratoires des pays européens et de leurs alliés dans la lutte contre l’immigration dite clandestine. Se basant sur une enquête ethnographique menée à la frontière maroco-espagnole, ce texte interroge le lien entre contrôle migratoire et contrôle du corps des femmes. Il s’agit de démontrer comment la « sécurisation » des frontières à des fins anti-migratoires produit et/ou renforce des vulnérabilités racialisées et sexuées, et comment cette mise en vulnérabilité nourrit dans le même temps des résistances individuelles et collectives, ainsi que des formes de résiliences.
Entretien avec Vanina Rochiccioli
Authors: Rochiccioli Vanina , Benkimoun Franck
Published: April 2022

Cet Entretien vise à recueillir le témoignage de la pratique d’une avocate spécialiste en Droit des Étrangers et qui est de plus Présidente du GISTI (Groupe d’information et de soutien des immigrés). Après avoir évoqué les différentes politiques d’accueil des étrangers et la notion de suspicion permanente et de ses effets, Maitre Rochiccioli nous expose les conséquences de l’instabilité législative. Deux exemples, enfin, d’étrangers malades une femme atteinte de VIH et un enfant nécessitant une équipe pluridisciplinaire ne pouvant être soignés dans leur pays.
Les effets de l’injonction narrative sur les mineurs non accompagnés, entre résistances et dépendances
Authors: Paté Noémie
Published: April 2022

Afin d’accéder à la protection de l’enfance, le mineur non accompagné doit être évalué : entretien social d’évaluation de la minorité et de l’isolement, expertises médicales, authentification des documents d’état civil, fichier national biométrique. Durant l’entretien social, l’évalué doit se raconter de façon acceptable aux yeux de l’évaluateur, en lui présentant les « bons indices ». D’un état de forte passivité face aux contraintes situationnelles à des tentatives de résistance souvent tenues en échec par le manque de soutien matériel, les MNA en situation d’évaluation doivent improviser dans un contexte d’injonction narrative et de soupçon. Cet article étudie les effets de ce contexte qui peut mener à une forme d’éclatement narratif.
Prise en charge des mineurs étrangers non accompagnés : impasses cliniques, politiques, éducatives et institutionnelles
Authors: Giannica Davide , Inticher Binkowski Gabriel
Published: April 2022

Le travail avec les enfants et les adolescents issus de la migration oblige les professionnels à se confronter aux tensions qui émergent de la rencontre des différences culturelles. On peut ici, en tant que psychanalystes, les considérer comme des modulations des affiliations symboliques dans le contemporain.

La situation clinique traitée par les auteurs de l’article révèle les impasses cliniques, éducatives et politiques dans les dispositifs d’accueil de mineurs étrangers non accompagnés en France. La question du retour au pays d’origine semble bouleverser les soignants, les éducateurs et les institutions, marquant l’apparition de l’archaïque, de fantasmes, de mécanismes de défense et de passages à l’acte institutionnels.
Le référentiel anthropologique, oui, mais pourquoi faire ?
Authors: Douville Olivier
Published: April 2022

L’auteur, propose une lecture de ce que pourrait être une rencontre actuelle entre anthropologie et psychanalyse. Sa pensée prend appui sur sa pratique auprès de femmes et d’hommes en exil. Il critique les approches culturalistes et indique les dimensions politiques du travail avec des réfugiés. Il conclut, à partir d’une clinique du traumatisme, sur la nécessité de distinguer « différence » et « altérité ».
La folie – La faux lie
Authors: Lenoir Olivier
Published: April 2022

Folie : mot-signifiant banalisé dont l’usage ancien recouvre l’étendue de la condition humaine. Au-delà d’une fascination toujours présente et malgré la douleur si patente, d’anagramme en vérité, nombre d’auteurs, poètes, philosophes, romanciers en ont décliné les modulations dans ce langage qui nous habite et nous façonne pour en trouver l’essence ou les sens si souvent divergents… La psychanalyse de Freud à Lacan en a fait son lit comme Devos son miel et nous complétons notre tour avec un peu de clinique.
Seltene Nervenkompressionssyndrome an Arm und Hand
Authors: Frank Konstantin , Englbrecht Marc , Giunta Riccardo E.
Published: April 2022

Neben dem Karpaltunnel- und dem Kubitaltunnelsyndrom als häufigste Nervenkompressionssyndrome an der oberen Extremität spielen die übrigen zahlenmäßig nur eine kleine Rolle und werden dadurch vielfach übersehen. Dies kann gravierende Konsequenzen für die Betroffenen haben. Die Diagnostik basiert auf Anamnese, klinischer und elektrophysiologischer Untersuchung sowie ggf. Bildgebung. Die konservativen und operativen Therapieoptionen werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.
Management der Ohrmuschelteilamputationen
Authors: Huseynov Jamal , Haxel Boris , Fischer Miloš , Fischer Iris-Susanne
Published: April 2022

Ohrmuschelverletzungen zählen zu den selteneren Traumata im Kopf-Hals-Bereich. Aufgrund der komplexen Anatomie des Knorpels und der begrenzten Blutversorgung bedürfen sie einer raschen und strukturierten Behandlung. Für die Behandlung sowohl von leichten Verletzungen als auch von (sub-)totalen Abrissen der Ohrmuschel stehen unterschiedliche Therapieoptionen zur Verfügung. Eine direkte Readaptation einer (sub-)total abgerissenen Ohrmuschel ohne mikrovaskulare Anastomose ist aufgrund des hohen Risikos von Haut- und Knorpelnekrosen nur selten erfolgreich. Mehrzeitige Rekonstruktionen mit Pocket-Methoden sind dagegen gut etabliert. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt einige dieser Ansätze und demonstriert eine 2-stufige OP-Technik eines Ohrmuschelteilabrisses aus dem eigenen Patientengut.