bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of family contact with clients and staff of community mental health teams
Authors: Krupnik Yael , Pilling Steve , Killaspy Helen , Dalton Joy
Published: April 2005

Aims and Method

Despite good evidence for their effectiveness in the treatment of schizophrenia, family interventions are difficult to implement. Prior to a local trust-wide programme to encourage their use, we carried out a case note review of family contact with clients and staff of community mental health teams (CMHTs). A 10% sample of CMHT clients was included.

Results

The majority (81%) of clients had been in contact with family or carers in the preceding year. In 88% of case files the carers were relatives. In 37% of cases care coordinators were in recent contact with carers, primarily by telephone. Evidence of any family intervention was recorded in 5% of case files and carers' assessments in 7%.

Clinical Implications

The majority of CMHT clients have some form of contact with their families, and care coordinators make informal links with these families. This contact could be reframed to encourage more formal family interventions.
A survey of specialist perinatal mental health services in England
Authors: Oluwatayo Olufemi , Friedman Trevor
Published: April 2005

Aims and Method

To survey current specialist perinatal psychiatric provisions and opinion about these services in England. A brief semi-structured confidential questionnaire was circulated to the lead clinician or manager responsible for perinatal services of the 78 mental health trusts in England.

Results

Fifty-seven trusts (73%) responded. In 26 trusts (46%), availability of either specialist in-patient facilities and/or intensive home treatment facilities were reported. In only 13 trusts (23%) was there evidence of provision of services covering both in-patient and community components. The number of mother and baby units or their equivalents has reduced in the past decade. The services were generally considered to be inadequate nationwide and opinion remains divided about the best approach for providing them.

Clinical Implications

There is a need for a recommendation of a national standard provision of perinatal services by mental health trusts.
Managing clozapine-induced neutropenia with lithium
Authors: Paton Carol , Esop Raadiyya
Published: April 2005

Aims and Method

To review the efficacy and safety of lithium augmentation for the management of clozapine-induced neutropenia. Medline search January 1966 to March 2004.

Results

The ability of lithium to increase the white cell count (WBC) is well documented. A small number of published case reports of the successful treatment of clozapine-induced neutropenia with lithium were identified. Lithium does not protect against agranulocytosis.

Clinical Implications

Lithium may be useful in raising the WBC in patients whose baseline count is too low to allow treatment with clozapine to start and to protect against clozapine-induced neutropenia, thus allowing more patients to benefit from treatment with clozapine. It does not protect against agranulocytosis. There is no way of identifying patients whose neutropenia will progress to agranulocytosis. Careful monitoring is essential. Lithium is not licensed to increase WBC. Psychiatrists should be aware of the medicolegal implications of prescribing off-label.
Expression of the Mature Luteinizing Hormone Receptor in Rodent Urogenital and Adrenal Tissues Is Developmentally Regulated at a Posttranslational Level
Authors: Apaja Pirjo M. , Aatsinki Jyrki T. , Rajaniemi Hannu J. , Petäjä-Repo Ulla E.
Published: April 2005

The LH receptor (LHR) is a G protein-coupled receptor involved in the regulation of ovarian and testicular functions. In this study we demonstrate novel and unexpected patterns of receptor expression and regulation in fetal and adult rodent urogenital and adrenal tissues. Two rat LHR promoter fragments (∼2 and 4 kb) were shown to direct expression of the lacZ reporter in transgenic mice to gonads, adrenal glands, and kidneys, starting at 14.5 d post coitum, and to genital tubercles, starting at 11.5 d post coitum. These tissues were also found to express the full-length LHR mRNA and protein during rat fetal development, but, importantly, only immature receptors carrying unprocessed N-linked glycans were detected. After birth, the receptor gene activity ceased, except in the gonads, which started to express the mature receptor carrying fully processed N-linked glycans. Surprisingly, both LHR mRNA and mature protein levels were up-regulated substantially in pregnant female adrenal glands and kidneys at a time that coincides with differentiation of fetal urogenital tissues. Taken together, these results indicate that the LHR protein is expressed constitutively in gonadal and nongonadal urogenital tissues as well in adrenal glands, but its final functional maturation at the posttranslational level appears to be developmentally and physiologically regulated.
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate and Allopregnanolone Directly Stimulate Catecholamine Production via Induction of Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Secretion by Affecting Actin Polymerization
Authors: Charalampopoulos I. , Dermitzaki Ε. , Vardouli L. , Tsatsanis C. , Stournaras C. , Margioris Α. Ν. , Gravanis Α.
Published: April 2005

Adrenal cortical cells of zona reticularis produce the neuroactive steroids dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), its sulfate ester dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and allopregnanolone (ALLO). An interaction between zona reticularis and adrenal medulla has been postulated based on their close proximity and their interwoven borders. The aim of this paper was to examine in vitro the possible paracrine effects of these steroids on catecholamine production from adrenomedullary chromaffin cells, using an established in vitro model of chromaffin cells, the PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cell line. We have found the following: 1) DHEA, DHEAS, and ALLO increased acutely (peak effect between 10–30 min) and dose-dependently (EC50 in the nanomolar range) catecholamine levels (norepinephrine and dopamine). 2) It appears that the acute effect of these steroids involved actin depolymerization/actin filament disassembly, a fast-response cellular system regulating trafficking of catecholamine vesicles. Specifically, 10−6m phallacidin, an actin filament stabilizer, completely prevented steroid-induced catecholamine secretion. 3) DHEAS and ALLO, but not DHEA, also affected catecholamine synthesis. Indeed, DHEAS and ALLO increased catecholamine levels at 24 h, an effect blocked by l-2-methyl-3-(-4hydroxyphenyl)alanine and 3-(hydrazinomethyl)phenol hydrochloride, inhibitors of tyrosine hydroxylase and l-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, respectively, suggesting that this effect involved catecholamine synthesis. The latter hypothesis was confirmed by finding that DHEAS and ALLO increased both the mRNA and protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase. In conclusion, our findings suggest that neuroactive steroids exert a direct tonic effect on adrenal catecholamine synthesis and secretion. These data associate the adrenomedullary malfunction observed in old age and neuroactive steroids.
Gene Regulatory Potential of Nonsteroidal Vitamin D Receptor Ligands
Authors: Peräkylä Mikael , Malinen Marjo , Herzig Karl-Heinz , Carlberg Carsten
Published: April 2005

The seco-steroid 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] is a promising drug candidate due to its pleiotropic function including the regulation of calcium homeostasis, bone mineralization and cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. We report here a novel class of nonsteroidal compounds, represented by the bis-aromatic molecules CD4409, CD4420, and CD4528, as ligands of the 1α,25(OH)2D3 receptor (VDR). Taking the known diphenylmethane derivative LG190178 as a reference, this study provides molecular evaluation of the interaction of nonsteroidal ligands with the VDR. All four nonsteroidal compounds were shown to induce VDR-retinoid X receptor heterodimer complex formation on a 1α,25(OH)2D3 response element, stabilize the agonistic conformation of the VDR ligand-binding domain, enable the interaction of VDR with coactivator proteins and contact with their three hydroxyl groups the same residues within the ligand-binding pocket of the VDR as 1α,25(OH)2D3. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that all four nonsteroidal ligands take a shape within the ligand-binding pocket of the VDR that is very similar to that of the natural ligand. CD4528 is mimicking the natural hormone best and was found to be in vitro at least five times more potent than LG190178. In living cells, CD4528 was only two times less potent than 1α,25(OH)2D3 and induced mRNA expression of the VDR target gene CYP24 in a comparable fashion. At a noncalcemic dose of 150 μg/kg, CD4528 showed in vivo a clear induction of CYP24 expression and therefore may be used as a lead compound for the development of therapeutics against psoriasis, osteoporosis, and cancer.
Assay to Detect the Actinospore and Myxospore Stages of Proliferative Gill Disease in Oligochaetes and Pond Water
Authors: Whitaker Julia W , Pote Linda M W , Hanson Larry A
Published: April 2005

With the use of a polymerase chain reaction assay previously developed for Henneguya ictaluri, the myxozoan parasite associated with proliferative gill disease (PGD), a new technique was developed to detect the actinospore stages in pond water samples and in the aquatic oligochaete host Dero digitata. Samples of water and aquatic oligochaetes were collected from 40 commercial ponds containing channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Using a previously reported technique to detect H. ictaluri-infected gills and this new technique, we found 35 out of the 40 ponds had H. ictaluri-positive oligochaetes, 32 ponds had H. ictaluri-positive fish, and 25 ponds had water testing positive for H. ictaluri actinospores. This new technique is not only less time-consuming and labor-intensive than current methods, it is also sensitive enough to detect the stages of this parasite in oligochaetes or in the water before channel catfish are infected. A detection method such as this one could be used to determine the time to stock ponds or restock ponds after a PGD outbreak has occurred.
Optimal Feeding for Shrimp Culture in the South of Iran
Authors: Esmaeili Abdoulkarim
Published: April 2005

Shrimp culture is a relatively new segment of the economy in Iran. Farming of Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus has exhibited rapid growth during the last decade. Owing to high feeding costs, the rate of feeding per day is a decisive factor for shrimp farmers. Although many biological studies have been carried out to determine the optimal feeding level, few bioeconomic studies have been conducted with respect to this issue. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal feeding level for Iranian shrimp culture. I found that optimal feeding was higher than actual feeding during the middle of the culture period but lower at the end of the period. The shrimp price, feed price, and interest rate elasticities of feeding were calculated to be 1, −0.4, and −0.035%, respectively. These results indicate that optimal feeding may be adjusted during and between seasons based on physiological, environmental, and economic conditions.
Histologic Evaluation of the Safety of Copper Sulfate to Channel Catfish
Authors: Darwish Ahmed M , Straus David L , Griffin Billy R
Published: April 2005

A histological study was done to evaluate the effect of waterborne exposures of copper sulfate (CuSO4) on channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Channel catfish were exposed daily for 11 consecutive days to three concentrations of CuSO4 representing one, three, and five times the recommended therapeutic level based on the total alkalinity. Fish were treated with CuSO4 in water flow-through tanks at a flow rate of 0.633 L/min. More than half the Cu was flushed in 1 h, which is similar to the elimination rates in ponds (due to the rapid uptake of Cu by aquatic plants or algae and the binding to organic and inorganic material). All fish were clinically normal and no fish died during the experiment. All examined tissues were grossly and histologically normal as well. The absence of histological lesions was attributed to the brief daily exposure to copper and to moderate total alkalinity and total hardness of the well water used. The results of this study suggest that CuSO4 is safe for channel catfish provided that the treatment applied is considered in relation to the total alkalinity of the water. Our study followed a protocol developed in cooperation with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, and was designed to support the data package required for the approval of CuSO4 as an aquaculture therapeutant.
Comparison of Sutures Used for Wound Closure in Sturgeon following a Gonad Biopsy
Authors: Chapman Frank A , Park Chulhong
Published: April 2005

Suture materials play an important role in sturgeon husbandry of domestic stocks and in management of wild stocks. Sturgeons have no apparent external sex characteristics; therefore, males and females are usually identified by direct examination of their gonads through an abdominal incision. The suture material provides tissue support for healing of the wound. Many types of suture materials are available for wound repair. Using Gulf of Mexico sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus de sotoi, we evaluated the absorbable Vicryl, PDS II, and Panacryl materials and the nonabsorbable Ethibond sutures to close abdominal skin incisions after gonad tissue biopsies. Both the absorbable and nonabsorbable sutures effectively sew the skin after the gonad biopsy. All sturgeons survived the surgery and incisions healed after 30 d of the intervention. Vicryl appears to be the most appropriate suture material for closure of sturgeon gonad biopsy wounds because it did not require removal and reduced prolonged skin irritation. The material was easy to work with and was broken within 30 d of application.
Production of Triploid Lake Trout by Means of Pressure Treatment
Authors: Kozfkay Joseph R , Wagner Eric J , Aplanalp Dwight
Published: April 2005

To induce triploidy in lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, we treated a production-sized group at Story State Fish Hatchery, Wyoming, with 65,500 kPa at 300 degree-minutes (°C·min) for 5 min and investigated four different pressure treatments (62,053 kPa at 300°C·min for 5 min; 65,500 kPa at 200, 300, or 400°C·min for 5 min) at Saratoga National Fish Hatchery, Wyoming. For the production group, eggs hatched and survived at a higher rate when held in chilled water (10.6°C) than ambient water (11.5°C). For the experimental groups, mean survival of pressure-treated groups to the eyed egg, hatching, and feeding fry stages was at least 15% lower than that of the control group. However, due to high variability, there was no statistical difference in survival among the experimental groups. All fry (n = 178) sampled from the four experimental treatments and the single production group were triploid.
Como utilizar a Internet na educação
Authors: Moran José Manuel
Published: April 2005

Relato e análise de experiências pessoais e institucionais que utilizam a Internet na educação presencial como pesquisa, apoio ao ensino e como comunicação. Avalia os avanços e problemas que estão acontecendo atualmente e mostra que a Internet é mais eficaz, quando está inserida em processos de ensino-aprendizagem e de comunicação que integram as dimensões pessoais, as comunitárias e as tecnológicas.
Natura cosméticos: quando é virtuoso ser virtual
Authors: Rezende Yara
Published: April 2005

Descreve a filosofia, o histórico de implantação e as funções da biblioteca virtual da Natura Cosméticos S.A., considerado o primeiro sistema virtual de informações em empresa do Brasil. Devido ao vertiginoso crescimento da empresa desde o início de sua atuação no mercado internacional, buscou-se a definição de uma estrutura de sustentação informativa que auxiliasse o aprimoramento dos produtos e processos e trouxesse informação sobre o que de mais moderno e inovador estivesse acontecendo na cosmética mundial. Além disso, buscava-se uma metodologia que também organizasse, sistematizasse e disponibilizasse a informação com rapidez e critérios seletivos de pertinência e relevância. Acreditava-se ser ineficaz a repetição do velho paradigma da biblioteca interna em um cenário de globalização de mercados no qual o acesso à informação não deveria estar limitado à informação que pudesse ser armazenada em uma sala de biblioteca. Mais importante do que ter a informação seria saber onde encontrá-la de maneira rápida e eficaz, porque guardar não significa dispor quando se necessita e guardar tem um custo geralmente subestimado quando da criação de sistemas que pretendam ser efetivos quanto à prospecção e difusão de informações. O foco de atuação do Centro de Informações Bibliográficas da Natura é o acesso externo à informação em detrimento do acervo interno de informação. Descreve as características, produtos e atividades desse sistema virtual de informações.
Revisão analítica da biblioteca do futuro
Authors: Drabenstott Karen M. , Burman Celeste M.
Published: April 2005

Originalmente na forma de citações de consagrados autores norte-americanos, pontuando os mais significativos temas sobre a biblioteca do futuro, em um período de dez anos (1983-1994), este riquíssimo estado-da-arte é agora traduzido e condensado em língua portuguesa e devidamente autorizado pelo Council on Library Resources (CLR), de Washington, D.C., USA. Para maior alcance desta matéria emergente, adotou-se uma fala pessoal, didática e interpretativa, obedecendo, porém, à orgânica do original, na ordem a saber: introdução, visão do futuro, definições de bibliotecas digitais; publicação impressa versus digital, aplicações e instrumentos de acesso à informação tecnológica; editoração, papéis e motivação dos atores e projetos no sistema digital; projetos e bibliotecas do futuro, incluindo o perfil do bibliotecário de referência e o papel das escolas de biblioteconomia; para onde vão as bibliotecas na virada do século e um senso de urgência. Finda-se com uma bibliografia e um índice conjugado de autores e assuntos.
Novos serviços de informação e comunicação: um quadro de referência estratégico
Authors: Dholakia Nikhilesh , Mundorf Norbert , Dholakia Ruby Roy
Published: April 2005

A partir do final da década de 60, a gama de serviços de informação e comunicação disponíveis para consumidores residenciais e usuários comerciais nas nações que contam com tecnologia avançada vem crescendo incessantemente. O futuro desses serviços dependerá das interações estratégicas e estruturais de firmas especializadas em conteúdo, condutores e componentes.