bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorinated Organophosphorus Compounds as a New Class of Agrochemicals
Authors: Yuan Chengye , Huang Weisheng , Chen Shoujun , Zhang Yixin
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus Compounds for the Formation of Unprecedented Anionic Zirconium Complexes
Authors: Igau Alain , Miquel Yannick , Cadierno Victorio , Majoral Jean‐Pierre
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Water‐Soluble Phosphines: New Advances in Aqueous Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Katti Kattesh V. , Berning Douglas E. , Smith Charles J. , Gali Hariprasad
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation and Reduction of Bis‐phosphonio‐isophosphindolides: From Phosphorus Crown Ethers to Phosphine‐Functionalized Phospholides
Authors: Gudat Dietrich , Schrott Martin , Holderberg Andreas W. , Bajorat Volker , Nieger Martin
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Aminomethanephosphonic Acids and Derivatives
Authors: Hagele Gerhard
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Chemically Induced Dynamic Electron Polarization to Mechanistic Photochemistry
Authors: Turro Nicholas J. , Khudyakov Igor V.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Time‐resolved Infrared Absorption Measurements of Product Formation in Cl Atom Reactions with Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Taatjes Craig A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Modern Technologies of the Biomass Conversion for Chemicals, Carbon Sorbents, Energy, Heat, and Hydrocarbon Fuels Production
Authors: Anikeev V.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Translational Energy Release Experiment and Theory: H2 Elimination Reactions of Small Gas Phase Ions and Correspondence to H—H Bond Activation
Authors: Uggerud Einar
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microscale Determinations Using Solid Phase Assays: Applications to Biochemical, Clinical and Biotechnological Sectors. A Review
Authors: Vynios Demitrios H.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pigments of Fungi. Part 57. Structure and X‐Ray Crystallographic Analysis of Dermocanarin 10, a New Naphthalene—Dihydroanthracenone Dimer from an Australian Dermocybe Toadstool.
Authors: Gill Melvyn , Millar Petra M. , Phonh‐Axa Somphone , Raudies Evelin , White Jonathan M. , Yu Jin
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Syntheses of Enantiomeric 3‐p‐Fluorophenyl 1,2,4‐Trioxane Analogues of the Antimalarial Artemisinin.
Authors: O'Neill; Paul M. O'Neill; Paul M. , Miller Alison , Bickley Jamie F. , Scheinmann Feodor , Oh Chang Ho , Posner Gary H.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and Structural Elucidation of the Crellastatins I‐M: Cytotoxic Bis‐Steroid Derivatives from the Vanuatu Marine Sponge Crella sp.
Authors: Giannini Clelia , Zampella Angela , Debitus Cecile , Menou Jean‐Louis , Roussakis Christos , D'Auria Maria Valeria
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Elucidation of New Antibiotic Peptides, Atroviridins A, B, and C from Trichoderma atroviride.
Authors: Oh Seung‐Uk , Lee Sang‐Jun , Kim Jung‐Han , Yoo Ick‐Dong
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclomarins A—C, New Antiinflammatory Cyclic Peptides Produced by a Marine Bacterium (Streptomyces sp.).
Authors: Renner Matthew K. , Shen Ya‐Ching , Cheng Xing‐Chung , Jensen Paul R. , Frankmoelle Walter , Kauffman Christopher A. , Fenical William , Lobkovsky Emil , Clardy Jon
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polycyclitols: Stereoselective Synthesis of Enantiopure Polyhydroxylated Hydrindans (Annulated Carbasugars.)
Authors: Mehta Goverdhan , Reddy D. Srinivasa
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparative 1H NMR Study of Hydroxy Protons in Galabioside and Its S‐Linked 4‐Thiodisaccharide Analogue in Aqueous Solution.
Authors: Sandstroem Corine , Magnusson Goeran , Nilsson Ulf , Kenne Lennart
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenylethanoid and Cardioactive Glycosides from Digitalis ferruginea.
Authors: Calis I. , Akbay P. , Kuruuezuem A. , Yalcin F. N. , Sahin P. , Pauli G. F.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Methyl α‐Caryophylloside.
Authors: Prandi Jacques , Couturier Gwenaelle
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Acarbose. Part 8. The Synthesis of Some N‐Linked Carba‐Oligosaccharides.
Authors: Stick Robert V. , Tilbrook D. Matthew G. , Williams Spencer J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Sulfates as Synthetic Equivalents of α‐Epoxynucleosides.
Authors: Serra Carme , Farras Jaume , Vilarrasa Jaume
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Antimicrobial Activity of Substituted Azoles and Their Nucleosides.
Authors: Stefanska J. Z. , Gralewska R. , Starosciak B. J. , Kazimierczuk Z.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Synthesis of 3′‐Thioguanosine and of Its 3′‐Phosphoramidothioite (a Thiophosphoramidite).
Authors: Matulic‐Adamic Jasenka , Beigelman Leonid
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleotides. Part 63. New 2‐(4‐Nitrophenyl)ethyl(Npe)‐ and 2‐(4‐Nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl(Npeoc)‐Protected 2′‐Deoxyribonucleosides and Their 3′‐Phosphoramidites — Versatile Building Blocks for Oligonucleotide Synthesis.
Authors: Lang Holger , Gottlieb Margarete , Schwarz Michael , Farkas Silke , Schulz Bernd S. , Himmelsbach Frank , Charubala Ramamurthy , Pfleiderer Wolfgang
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sphinxolides E—G and Reidispongiolide C: Four New Cytotoxic Macrolides from the New Caledonian Lithistida Sponges N. superstes and R. coerulea.
Authors: Carbonelli Sabina , Zampella Angela , Randazzo Antonio , Debitus Cecile , Gomez‐Paloma Luigi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Practical Synthesis of a Potent Anti‐MRSA β‐Methylcarbapenem Containing a Releasable Side Chain.
Authors: Humphrey Guy R. , Miller Ross A. , Pye Philip J. , Rossen Kai , Reamer Robert A. , Maliakal Ashok , Ceglia Scott S. , Grabowski Edward J. J. , Volante R. P. , Reider Paul J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Calyculin A and (‐)‐Calyculin B: Asymmetric Synthesis of the C(9—25) Spiroketal Dipropionate Subunit (I).
Authors: Smith III Amos B. , Friestad Gregory K. , Barbosa Joseph , Bertounesque Emmanuel , Hull Kenneth G. , Iwashima Makoto , Qiu Yuping , Salvatore Brian A. , Spoors P. Grant , Duan James J.‐W.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Calyculin A (Ia) and (‐)‐Calyculin B (Ib): Cyanotetraene Construction, Asymmetric Synthesis of the C(26—37) Oxazole, Fragment Assembly, and Final Elaboration.
Authors: Smith III Amos B. , Friestad Gregory K. , Barbosa Joseph , Bertounesque Emmanuel , Duan James J.‐W. , Hull Kenneth G. , Iwashima Makoto , Qiu Yuping , Spoors P. Grant , Salvatore Brian A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Carrier Systems
Authors: Kohgi Masahumi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Dimensional Metal Phases and Nanostructuring of Solid Surfaces
Authors: Staikov Georgi , Lorenz Wolfgang J. , Budevski Evgeni
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Optical Properties of ZnAs2 and CdAs2 Crystals and Films.
Authors: Marenkin S. F. , Morozova V. A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sandwich‐Like Cyclopentadienyl Complexes of Main Group Elements
Authors: Jutzi Peter
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Synthetic Applications of the Nonclassical Wittig Reaction
Authors: Murphy Patrick J. , Lee Sarah E.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric and Doubly Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions in the Synthesis of Enantiopure Organophosphorus Compounds
Authors: Pietrusiewicz K. Michal , Holody Wieslawa , Koprowski Marek , Cicchi Stefano , Goti Andrea , Brandi Alberto
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Chemistry of Formylphosphonate
Authors: Cairns Jana , Dunne Colm , Franczyk Thaddeus S. , Hamilton Robert , Hardacre Christopher , Stern Michael K. , Treacy Alan , Walker Brian J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Carbon—Phosphorus Macrocycles
Authors: Mathey Francois , Mercier Francois , Le Floch Pascal
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Comparative Study of Catalytic Opening of Epoxides by Alcohols
Authors: Garcia R. , Martinez M. , Aracil Jose
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Complexes of Fullerenes C60 and C70 with Organic Donors
Authors: Lyubovskaya Rimma N. , Konarev Dmitry V.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Chiroptical Properties, and Electrochemistry of Bis[di(alkoxycarbonyl)methano][60]fullerenes
Authors: Kessinger Roland , Thilgen Carlo , Diederich Francois , Echegoyen Luis
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Route Evaluation for the Production of (R)‐Levoprotiline
Authors: Blaser H. U. , Gamboni R. , Pugin B. , Rihs G. , Sedelmeier G. , Schaub B. , Schmidt E. , Schmitz B. , Spindler F. , Wetter Hj.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Process Research and Development of Dupont Merck′s Cyclic Urea Diols, a New Class of HIV Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Confalone Pat N. , Waltermire Robert E.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper: The Biochemical Significance of a Metal
Authors: Pascaly Matthias , Jolk Ingo , Krebs Bernt
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Quantum‐Chemical Modeling of the Hydrocarbon Transformations in Acid Zeolite Catalysts
Authors: Frash M. V. , Van Santen R. A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Transcoronary Bone Marrow‐Derived Progenitor Cells in a Child With Myocardial Infarction: First Pediatric Experience
Authors: Limsuwan Alisa , Pienvichit Pavit , Limpijankit Thosaphol , Khowsathit Pongsak , Hongeng Suradej , Pornkul Ratanaporn , Siripornpitak Suvipaporn , Boonbaichaiyapruk Sarana
Published: June 2010

Background

Recent advances in stem cell therapy to restore cardiac function have great promise for patients with congestive heart failure after myocardial infarction in an adult population.

Objective

We examined the benefits of bone marrow‐derived progenitor cells treatment modality for the pediatric patient.

Methods and Results

We present our first case of transcoronary autologous stem cell transplantation in a 9‐year‐old girl with refractory congestive heart failure secondary to myocardial infarction 1 year after transcatheter revascularization. The child received daily injections of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor for 3 days prior to the bone marrow aspiration. The bone marrow cells were isolated to constitute CD133 + /CD34 + more than 90% of the total number. Subsequently, the progenitor cell suspension was injected via a transcoronary catheter without any complication. Three months after stem cell therapy, her cardiac function, assessed by both cardiac magnetic resonance and echocardiogram, has been improved with the left ventricular ejection fraction at 47% compared to the baseline of 30%.

Conclusion

This is the first reported pediatric case of successful transcoronary injection of bone marrow‐derived progenitor cells for end‐stage heart disease. The procedure is considered safe and feasible for the pediatric population. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A two‐tier framework for transmission‐cost minimization of high‐performance communication applications
Authors: Hu Chia‐Cheng , Lai Chin‐Feng , Huang Yueh‐Min , Chao Han‐Chieh
Published: June 2010

In two‐tier high‐performance networks (HPNs), some facilities are constructed to form a powerful supercomputing environment, and to alleviate server load. Then, the applications are provided by them in co‐operated, parallel and distributed manners. A proper way to select facilities is crucial to the performance of two‐tier HPNs The problem of selecting facilities can be regarded as a kind of the facility location problem, which is to determine an optimal subset of facilities that will be open to serve users. The traditional facility location problem aims to minimize the incurred costs between the users/servers and their assigned facilities. In two‐tier HPNs, the incurred costs can be regarded as the transmission costs, e.g. transmission latency, bandwidth overhead. We observe that most of the packets are transmitted among the facilities for application servicing and framework maintaining. In this paper, we address the problem of selecting facilities in two‐tier HPNs by minimizing the transmission costs from servers to users by passing through the selected facilities. Our problem is different from the traditional facility location problem, which only considers the transmission costs between the users/servers and their assigned facilities. In our problem, the transmission costs between the selected facilities are further considered. The problem is formulated as a 0/1 integer non‐linear programming (0/1 INLP) and 0/1 integer linear programming (0/1 ILP). Further, a simple heuristic algorithm is proposed for obtaining a feasible solution when the network sizes increase, since solving INLPs and ILPs for large‐scale problems takes long time. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Communicating subcellular distributions
Authors: Murphy Robert F.
Published: June 2010

To build more accurate models of cells and tissues, the ability to incorporate information on the distributions of proteins (and other macromolecules) will become increasingly important. This review describes current progress towards determining and representing protein subcellular patterns so that the information can be used as part of systems biology efforts. Approaches to decomposing an image of the subcellular pattern of a protein give critical information about the fraction of that protein in each of a number of fundamental patterns (e.g., organelles). Methods for learning generative models from images provide a means of capturing the essential properties and variation in those properties of cell shape and organelle patterns. The combination of models of fundamental patterns and vectors specifying the fraction of a protein in each of them provide a much better means of communicating subcellular patterns than the descriptive terms that are currently used. Communicating information about subcellular patterns is important not only for systems biology simulations but also for representing results from microscopy experiments, including high content screening and imaging flow cytometry, in a transportable and generalizable manner. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Bromotriphenylphosphonium Salt Promoted Tandem One‐Pot Cyclization to Optically Active 2‐Aryl‐1,3‐oxazolines
Authors: Jiang Haizhen , Yuan Shijie , Wan Wen , Yang Kun , Deng Hongmei , Hao Jian
Published: June 2010

Optically active 2‐aryl‐1,3‐oxazolines, such as aromaticcarbocycles, heterocycle‐binding 4‐benzyl (or phenyl)‐1,3‐oxazolines and their 5‐benzyl (or phenyl)‐1,3‐oxazoline isomers were successfully prepared through a bromotriphenylphosphonium salt promoted aziridine ring formation and ring opening sequential process involving tandem one‐pot cyclization of chiral 2‐amino‐3‐phenylpropanol or 2‐amino‐2‐phenylethanol with various aromatic acids in toluene at 90 °C in moderate to excellent yields. The mechanism of this tandem process was also substantiated experimentally.
Carbon Nanotubes‐Ionic Liquid and Chloropromazine Modified Electrode for Determination of NADH and Fabrication of Ethanol Biosensor
Authors: Salimi Abdollah , Lasghari Saied , Noorbakhash Abdollah
Published: June 2010

Potential cycling was used for oxidation of chloropromazine and producing an electroactive redox couples which strongly adsorbed on the electrode surface modified with carbon nanotubes and ionic liquid nanocomposite. The modified electrode shows excellent electrocatalytic activity toward NADH oxidation. The differential pulse voltammetry detection provided high sensitivity, 0.5835 A M−1, low detection limit, 80 nM at concentration range up to 20 μM. An ethanol biosensor was also developed by immobilizing alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme onto nanocomposite. Differential pulse voltammetric detection of ethanol gives linear responses over the concentration range 40 μM–1.5 mM with detection limit 5 μM and sensitivity 1.97 μA mM−1.
As(III) Determination in the Presence of Pb(II) by Differential Alternative Pulses Voltammetry
Authors: Zlatev Roumen , Stoytcheva Margarita , Valdez Benjamin
Published: June 2010

Differential Alternative Pulses Voltammetry (DAPV), introduced by the authors earlier, was applied with HMDE for direct As(III) determination in the presence of Pb(II) in natural water without sample pretreatment. Distinguishable peaks of As(III) and Pb(II) were registered in 1 M HCl supporting electrolyte at a concentration ratio as high as 1 : 6, while complete peak overlapping occurs applying DPP at any concentration ratio at the same experimental conditions. In‐situ As(III) determinations in the presence of Pb(II) in contaminated ground waters in Mexico were performed, using especially designed disposable safe mercury drop electrodes.
A New Type of Bismuth Electrode for Electrochemical Stripping Analysis Based on the Ammonium Tetrafluorobismuthate Bulk‐Modified Carbon Paste
Authors: Sopha Hanna , Baldrianová Lucie , Tesařová Eva , Grincienė Giedre , Weidlich Tomáš , Švancara Ivan , Hočevar Samo B.
Published: June 2010

A carbon paste electrode bulk‐modified with ammonium tetrafluorobismuthate (BiF4‐CPE) was developed and examined in the anodic stripping voltammetric mode for measurement of selected trace heavy metals. The BiF4‐CPE has revealed a favorable performance in more acidic solutions (pH 0.5–2.5) in the presence of dissolved oxygen for Cd(II) and Pb(II) as model metal ions at the low μg L−1 concentration level. In comparison with the bismuth‐oxide bulk‐modified carbon paste electrode and the other two bismuth film‐plated carbonaceous substrate electrodes examined, the BiF4‐CPE proved to be another attractive variant of the environmentally friendly bismuth‐based electrodes, particularly convenient for analysis of acidified water samples.
Analysis of historical landslide time series in the Emilia‐Romagna region, northern Italy
Authors: Rossi Mauro , Witt Annette , Guzzetti Fausto , Malamud Bruce D. , Peruccacci Silvia
Published: June 2010

A catalogue of historical landslides, 1951–2002, for three provinces in the Emilia‐Romagna region of northern Italy is presented and its statistical properties studied. The catalogue consists of 2255 reported landslides and is based on historical archives and chronicles. We use two measures for the intensity of landsliding over time: (i) the number of reported landslides in a day (DL) and (ii) the number of reported landslides in an event (Sevent), where an event is one or more consecutive days with landsliding. From 1951–2002 in our study area there were 1057 days with 1 ≤DL≤?45 landslides per day, and 596 events with 1 ≤Sevent≤ 129 landslides per event. In the first set of analyses, we find that the probability density of landslide intensities in the time series are power‐law distributed over at least two‐orders of magnitude, with exponent of about −2·0. Although our data is a proxy for landsliding built from newspaper reports, it is the first tentative evidence that the frequency‐size of triggered landslide events over time (not just the landslides in a given triggered event), like earthquakes, scale as a power‐law or other heavy‐tailed distributions. If confirmed, this could have important implications for risk assessment and erosion modelling in a given area. In our second set of analyses, we find that for short antecedent rainfall periods, the minimum amount of rainfall necessary to trigger landslides varies considerably with the intensity of the landsliding (DLandSevent); whereas for long antecedent periods the magnitude is largely independent of the cumulative amount of rainfall, and the largest values of landslide intensity are always preceded by abundant rainfall. Further, the analysis of the rainfall trend suggests that the trigger of landslides in the study area is related to seasonal rainfall. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new statistical method for detecting network anomalies in TCP traffic
Authors: Callegari Christian , Vaton Sandrine , Pagano Michele
Published: June 2010

In the last few years, the number and impact of security attacks over the Internet have been continuously increasing. To face this issue, the use of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) has emerged as a key element in network security. In this paper we address the problem considering a novel statistical technique for detecting network anomalies. Our approach is based on the use of different families of Markovian models, namely high order and non‐homogeneous Markov chains, for modeling network traffic running over TCP. The performance results shown in the paper justify the proposed method and highlight the improvements over commonly used statistical techniques. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Equivalence of three score tests for association mapping of quantitative trait loci under selective genotyping
Authors: Tang Yongqiang
Published: June 2010

Huang and Lin ([2007] Am J Hum Genet 80:567–572) proposed a conditional‐likelihood approach for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) under selective genotyping, and demonstrated via simulation that their model tends to be more powerful than the prospective linear regression. However, we show that the three score tests based on the conditional, prospective and retrospective likelihoods are numerically identical in testing association between a quantitative trait and a candidate locus. Two approximations are derived for calculating power and sample size for the score test. Compared to the random sampling, a single‐tail selection generally reduces the power of the score test in mapping small effect QTLs. A two‐tail selection generally enhances the QTL heritability; however, in small samples, the power of the test may actually decrease if the sample sizes are highly unbalanced in the upper and lower tails of the trait distribution. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 522–527, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trends in column integrated water vapour over Europe from 1973 to 2003
Authors: Mattar Cristian , Sobrino José A. , Julien Yves , Morales Luis
Published: June 2010

The spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric precipitable water (PW) content anomalies were analysed over Europe from 1973 to 2003 using daily data (0000 and 1200 UTC) from National Center of Environmental Prediction and National Center of Atmospheric Research Reanalysis project (NCEP‐1) and in situ radiosonde data. Mann–Kendall trend tests were applied to long‐term PW time series. Technology changes influence PW radiosonde trends, although these are in agreement with NCEP‐1 trends. Over the south of the Iberian Peninsula, trends are negative and statistically significant (<− 0.04 mm year−1; p < 0.05) and positive over the Central European Mountains (The Alpes) and the North Atlantic Ocean (>0.04 mm year−1; p < 0.05). Seasonal trends revealed negative and significant trends over the Iberian Peninsula for all seasons (<− 0.03 mm year−1; p < 0.05). Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Relationship between human IgG structure and retention time in hydroxyapatite chromatography with sodium chloride gradient elution
Authors: Nakagawa Taishiro , Ishihara Takashi , Yoshida Hideaki , Yoneya Takashi , Wakamatsu Kaori , Kadoya Toshihiko
Published: June 2010

Accurate prediction of the elution tendency of monoclonal antibodies in column chromatography would be beneficial for the efficient setup of purification procedures. Hydroxyapatite chromatography experiments using 37 recombinant human monoclonal antibodies were performed by sodium chloride gradient elution with 5 mM sodium phosphate to correlate the retention times with antibody structures (subclass and light‐chain isotypes). The contribution of metal affinity interactions in the interaction of antibodies with hydroxyapatite was investigated by (i) eliminating 5 mM sodium phosphate in buffers, (ii) comparing sodium chloride versus sodium phosphate gradient elutions, and (iii) using IgG4 antibodies with a leucine→glutamate mutation. By using antibodies of different subclasses but with identical Fab regions, the elution behavior in sodium chloride elution could be classified by subclass and type of light chain. It is considered that the retention of monoclonal antibodies to hydroxyapatite is affected by the cooperation of phosphoryl cation exchange and metal affinity interactions. The contribution of the metal affinity interactions is greater in the sodium chloride gradient elution method than in the sodium phosphate gradient elution method.
Optimized ultrasound‐assisted extraction procedure for the analysis of opium alkaloids in papaver plants by cyclodextrin‐modified capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Fakhari Ali Reza , Nojavan Saeed , Ebrahimi Samad Nejad , Evenhuis Christopher John
Published: June 2010

This study investigated the use of ultrasound‐assisted extraction to improve the extraction efficiency of morphine, codeine and thebaine from the papaver plants. Extraction conditions such as type of solvent, temperature, duration, frequency and power level of ultrasonic were optimized and the influences of different parameters on resolution of alkaloids in CE were studied. The optimized condition for CE separation includes a sodium phosphate buffer (100 mM, pH 3.0) containing 5 mM α‐CD. The optimized extraction conditions for ultrasound‐assisted extraction was an extraction time of 1 h, an ultrasonic frequency of 60 kHz with water–methanol (80:20) at 40°C as the extraction solvent. The LOD for alkaloids was found to be 0.1 μg/mL at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3:1. The RSDs for peak areas were in the range of 1.4–4.4%. The amounts of opium alkaloids (mg/100 g dried sample) in four Iranian papaver plants were found to be in the range of 7.8–8.7 (morphine), 5.5–9.5 (codeine) and 1.4–10.4 (thebaine). It should be emphasized that no cleanup of the filtered extract was required; hence, direct determination after extraction drastically simplifies the analytical process.
Catchment‐level evaluation of farmers' estimates of soil erosion and crop yield in the Central Highlands of Kenya
Authors: Okoba B.O. , Sterk G.
Published: June 2010

Soil and water conservation programmes in Kenya were not always successful due to experts' negligence of the role of farmers in problem identification and conservation planning. Using farmers' knowledge of soil surface morphology to assess soil productivity may stimulate farmers to participate in solving the prevailing problems. The objective of this study was to compare farmers' soil erosion and crop yield estimations with a conventional science approach in a small (∼550 ha) catchment in the Central Highlands of Kenya. Farmers' knowledge and perceptions of the effect of topsoil erosion features was used to assess the soil erosion status across the catchment area. The conventional scientific approach used a survey methodology and GIS‐based up‐scaling to quantify soil erosion patterns. In addition, the farmers made qualitative estimations of crop yield losses, which were verified through actual crop yield measurements. The soil erosion pattern between the farmers and conventional science approaches showed a strong agreement at the hillslope scale, while at the catchment scale the agreement was slightly weaker. Farmers observed more area under nearly flat and gentle slopes to have high erosion than the area approximated by the conventional science approach. Farmers' prediction of crop yields loss in each erosion class showed no difference with the actual field measurements. Despite use of farmers' mapping of erosion pattern being participatory, thereby stimulating awareness creation on land degradation processes, it can be labour intensive and a slower approach than the conventional science approach in evaluating catchment‐scale erosion patterns. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AnL∞–Lpmesh‐adaptive method for computing unsteady bi‐fluid flows
Authors: Guégan D. , Allain O. , Dervieux A. , Alauzet F.
Published: June 2010

This paper discusses the contribution of mesh adaptation to high‐order convergence of unsteady multi‐fluid flow simulations on complex geometries. The mesh adaptation relies on a metric‐based method controlling theLp‐norm of the interpolation error and on a mesh generation algorithm based on an anisotropic Delaunay kernel. The mesh‐adaptive time advancing is achieved, thanks to a transient fixed‐point algorithm to predict the solution evolution coupled with a metric intersection in the time procedure. In the time direction, we enforce the equidistribution of the error, i.e. the error minimization inL∞norm. This adaptive approach is applied to an incompressible Navier–Stokes model combined with a level set formulation discretized on triangular and tetrahedral meshes. Applications to interface flows under gravity are performed to evaluate the performance of this method for this class of discontinuous flows. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computing the NMR spectra of the sponge metabolite arsenicin A: when simple becomes difficult
Authors: Bagno Alessandro
Published: June 2010

Determining the structure of the natural polyarsenical arsenicin A has proved difficult, but computational chemistry has played a decisive role in the process. This paper aims at tracing the winding path that, in time, led to the correct structure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability of benzoporphyrin photosensitizers in water/ethanol mixtures: pKadetermination and self‐aggregation processes
Authors: Tessaro André Luiz , Batistela Vagner Roberto , Gracetto Augusto César , Moisés de Oliveira Hueder Paulo , Sernaglia Rosana Lazara , de Souza Vagner Roberto , Caetano Wilker , Hioka Noboru
Published: June 2010

Benzoporphyrin monoacid derivatives, here named B3A and B3B, are promising new drugs for photodynamic therapy. Although both isomers show interesting characteristics as photosensitizing compounds, they have some distinct physicochemical properties such as the tendency to self‐aggregate in water‐rich media. Because pH drives the presence of each species, the pKaof these compounds assumes strategic importance. However, traditional micro‐titration methods and UV–Vis absorption techniques fail to give reliable pKavalues due to the characteristics of this highly complex system, such as the precipitation of hydrophobic species, close pKavalues, and high absorption band superposition. In the present work, chemometric tools are employed to evaluate pKa, and the kinetic tendency of monomers to undergo self‐aggregation is investigated. In solvent mixtures at low water percentage in ethanol, both B3A and B3B are stabilized in a monomeric state. However, in mixtures with a high water content, self‐aggregation takes place, mainly under a mild pH acid condition (3 < pH < 6), in which the prevalent protolytic species of both isomers is the neutral charged form, compounds with carboxylic and porphyrin free‐base groups. It is demonstrated that both isomers can undergo aggregation following a self‐catalytic mechanism, which is 2000 times slower to B3A than B3B. For B3A, the aggregation is manifested by a decrease in the monomer band with the aggregation band probably superposed to that of the monomer. For B3B, together with the decrease in the monomer band, a new band related to self‐aggregates is observed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein denaturation and protein:drugs interactions from intrinsic protein fluorescence measurements at the nanolitre scale
Authors: Matthieu Gaudet , Nina Remtulla , Sophie E. Jackson , Ewan R. G. Main , Daniel G. Bracewell , Gabriel Aeppli , Paul A. Dalby
Published: June 2010

Protein stability and ligand‐binding affinity measurements are widely required for the formulation of biopharmaceutical proteins, protein engineering and drug screening within life science research. Current techniques either consume too much of often precious biological or compound materials, in large sample volumes, or alternatively require chemical labeling with fluorescent tags to achieve measurements at submicrolitre volumes with less sample. Here we present a quantitative and accurate method for the determination of protein stability and the affinity for small molecules, at only 1.5–20 nL optical sample volumes without the need for fluorescent labeling, and that takes advantage of the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of most proteins. Coupled to appropriate microfluidic sample preparation methods, the sample requirements could thus be reduced 85,000‐fold to just 108 molecules. The stability of wild‐type FKBP‐12 and a destabilizing binding‐pocket mutant are studied in the presence and absence of rapamycin, to demonstrate the potential of the technique to both drug screening and protein engineering. The results show that 75% of the interaction energy between FKBP‐12 and rapamycin originates from residue Phe99 in the binding site.
Increased aggregation propensity of IgG2 subclass over IgG1: Role of conformational changes and covalent character in isolated aggregates
Authors: Franey Heather , Brych Stephen R. , Kolvenbach Carl G. , Rajan Rahul S.
Published: June 2010

Aggregation of human therapeutic antibodies represents a significant hurdle to product development. In a test across multiple antibodies, it was observed that IgG1 antibodies aggregated less, on average, than IgG2 antibodies under physiological pH and mildly elevated temperature. This phenomenon was also observed for IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses of anti‐streptavidin, which shared 95% sequence identity but varied in interchain disulfide connectivity. To investigate the structural and covalent changes associated with greater aggregation in IgG2 subclasses, soluble aggregates from the two forms of anti‐streptavidin were isolated and characterized. Sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation (SV‐AUC) measurements confirmed that the aggregates were present in solution, and revealed that the IgG1 aggregate was composed of a predominant species, whereas the IgG2 aggregate was heterogeneous. Tertiary structural changes accompanied antibody aggregation as evidenced by greater ANS (8‐Anilino‐1‐naphthalene sulfonic acid) binding to the aggregates over monomer, and differences in disulfide character and tryptophan environments between monomer, oligomer and aggregate species, as observed by near‐UV circular dichroism (CD). Differences between subclasses were observed in the secondary structural changes that accompanied aggregation, particularly in the intermolecular β‐sheet and turn structures between the monomer and aggregate species. Free thiol determination showed ∼2.4‐fold lower quantity of free cysteines in the IgG1 subclass, consistent with the 2.4‐fold reduction in aggregation of the IgG1 form when compared with IgG2 under these conditions. These observations suggested an important role for disulfide bond formation, as well as secondary and tertiary structural transitions, during antibody aggregation. Such degradations may be minimized using appropriate formulation conditions.