bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biofabrication of Poly(aryletherketone)‐Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds via Low‐Temperature Printing
Authors: Gao Xinshuai , Wang Honghua , Luan Shifang , Zhou Guangyuan
Published: January 2023

Inorganic nanoparticles doped into polymer can improve osteogenesis through structural and biological cues. However, the composite implants may be unsatisfactory partly due to the high surface energy of nanoparticles contributing to aggregation and inhomogeneity, resulting in impaired properties. Herein, poly(aryletherketone) bearing carboxyl groups (PAEK‐COOH) is synthesized, and fabricated to composites with nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) via chemical binding. The composites can be formulated to homogeneous and stable bioinks in solution, and the bioinks are fabricated to porous scaffolds via low‐temperature printing, avoiding high‐temperature damage to chemical integrations and bioactive factors. The composite scaffolds present uniform distribution of elements on the surface and mechanical properties are well‐matched with those of trabecular bone. The in vitro experiments show that the addition of nHA is conducive to promote cellular proliferation and induce osteogenic differentiation of cells. Therefore, this work develops a method to prepare uniform composites, and the composite scaffolds have the potential to be used in orthopedic applications.
Influence of broiler litter band positioning on cotton growth and yield in a Blackland Prairie soil
Authors: Watts Dexter B. , Way Thomas R.
Published: January 2023

Subsurface band application of broiler litter in soil is being evaluated across the United States as a potential management practice for curbing phosphorus loss and improving nutrient retention. This management practice also shows promise for increasing yields of row crop systems. Determining the optimum plant distance from the subsurface banded broiler litter (BL) could be useful to optimize crop yields. Thus, a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) experiment was established to investigate the distance of a subsurface BL band from the planted row on cotton growth and yield. Treatments consisted of subsurface banding BL at 0, 10, 20, 30 cm from the crop row plus a non‐fertilized check, broadcast BL, and banding of urea‐ammonium nitrate (UAN) at 20 cm to the side of rows as controls. Subsurface band placement of BL and UAN occurred just prior to sowing at a depth of 10 cm. Placing BL in subsurface bands tended to increase cotton yield compared to surface broadcasting the litter. When comparing BL band positions, cotton lint yield was generally greatest when BL was placed in subsurface bands 20 cm or less from the planted row. Minimal differences in cotton fiber quality were observed among treatments. Results suggest the reduced distance between the cotton row and a subsurface BL band can increase cotton growth and yield.
Intermolecular through‐space charge transfer enabled by bicomponent assembly for ultrasensitive detection of synthetic cannabinoid JWH‐018
Authors: Liu Chaogan , Xiao Fangfang , Li Yushu , Lei Da , Liu Yuan , Ma Xiaowei , Gu Chengzhi , Dou Xincun
Published: January 2023

Launching the intermolecular through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) from a bicomponent assembly for photophysical property manipulation is of great significance in fluorescence probe design. Here, we demonstrate the elaborate control of droplet evaporation dynamics for intermolecular TSCT can facilitate the ultrasensitive detection of JWH‐018, a representative synthetic cannabinoid. Driven by diverse intermolecular interactions, the probe, and JWH‐018 assemble in a closely stacked manner to emit strong fluorescence at 477 nm, ascribing to the intermolecular TSCT at the S2 state. The strategy realizes an ultra‐low limit of detection of 11 nmol/mL and great selectivity towards JWH‐018. The practicability is further verified by constructing a sensing chip for JWH‐018 aerosol detection, which facilitates the on‐site drug abuser screening with the naked eye. Moreover, the proposed assembly‐enabled TSCT is expected to find a variety of applications for optoelectronic materials design and photophysical mechanism‐dominated molecular recognition.
Reaffirming the Loma Mountains National Park in Sierra Leone as a critical site for the conservation of West African chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus)
Authors: Molina‐Vacas Guillem , Muñoz‐Mas Rafael , Amarasekaran Bala , Garriga Rosa M.
Published: January 2023

The population of West African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) is declining rapidly mostly due to the impact of human activities and habitat loss. Sierra Leone harbors the third largest population of this subspecies, recently reclassified as Critically Endangered in the 2016 IUCN Red List. Population monitoring provides crucial data for planning and evaluating conservation and management policies. Therefore, to assess the status of the population size inhabiting the Loma Mountains National Park (LMNP) in Sierra Leone, we performed a nest count survey and estimated chimpanzee density and abundance using distance sampling. In total, 34 × 2‐km‐line transects were surveyed, with transects being systematically distributed across the LMNP area (288.5 km2). Concurrently, we compiled environmental data, which were used to model nest distribution and infer the most relevant environmental and anthropogenic drivers of the observed nest abundances. We encountered 10.03 nests/km and estimated a density of 3.47 ± standard error (SE) 0.92 individuals/km2(i.e., 1002 ± SE 266 individuals in total). Compared to the figures obtained from a systematic literature review, our results suggest that the density and abundance of chimpanzees in the LMNP is among the highest across Africa. Contrary to expectation, no specific anthropogenic features predicted nest distribution and abundance. However, the nest distribution model indicated preference for elevated and steep areas covered by closed evergreen forest, which could be an indication of human avoidance. Based on these results, we highlight the value of LMNP for the conservation of the chimpanzees in Sierra Leone and the urgent necessity of guarantying long‐term funding for this park's management to ensure the survival of this critically endangered subspecies in West Africa.
Re‐evaluating the correlated evolution of human hands and feet using viability selection modeling
Authors: Rolian Campbell
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Bipedalism and enhanced manipulative abilities are defining features of the hominin lineage, associated with derived foot and hand skeletal morphology, respectively. These unique morphologies are traditionally thought to have evolved independently, but previous work suggests that some aspects of hand and foot skeletal morphology coevolved, due to strong phenotypic correlations among serially homologous elements.

Materials and Methods

Here, I further tested this hypothesis using viability selection modeling, which simulates phenotypic evolution based on the likelihood of individual survival, determined using individuals' distance to a predetermined adaptive peak, in this case modern Homo. Using chimpanzees (Pan) as a proxy for hominin ancestral hand and foot morphology, I quantified morphological changes in the hand when only homologous foot elements were targets of selection, as well as the reverse scenario in which only hand morphology influences viability.

Results

Simulation results show that in both scenarios, one autopod evolves as correlated response to selection acting on the other. Importantly, however, simulation outcomes show that the adaptive evolution of the uniquely derived human foot can indirectly produce Homo‐like manual proportions, but the reverse is not true: adaptive evolution of an African ape‐like hand is not sufficient to produce a Homo‐like human foot.

Discussion

These simulations thus lend further empirical support to the hypothesis that human hands and feet coevolved, and indicate that selection acting on the foot may have produced derived hand morphology that facilitated the evolution of enhanced manipulative behaviors.
Ring Expansion Strategies for the Synthesis of Medium Sized Ring and Macrocyclic Sulfonamides
Authors: Yang Zhongzhen , Zalessky Illya , Epton Ryan G. , Whitwood Adrian C. , Lynam Jason M. , Unsworth William P.
Published: January 2023

Two new ring expansion strategies are reported for the synthesis of medium sized ring and macrocyclic sulfonamides. Both methods can be performed without using classical protecting groups, with the key ring expansion step initiated by nitro reduction and amine conjugate addition respectively. Each method can be used to make diversely functionalised cyclic sulfonamides in good to excellent yields, in a range of ring sizes. The ring size dependency of the synthetic reactions is in good agreement with the outcomes modelled by Density Functional Theory calculations.
Neurorobotics and neuroprostheses: Towards a new anatomy
Authors: Barroso Filipe Oliveira , Torricelli Diego , Moreno Juan C.
Published: January 2023

The idea of this Special Issue arose from the technological advances in bionic, robotic, and neural rehabilitation systems and the common need to comprehend in detail how human anatomical structures can be replicated or controlled. Motor control theories, among others, include the generalized control program theory, the equilibrium point hypothesis, or the optimal control approach in which neural commands to the muscles are a result of the central nervous system solving an optimization problem for a specific cost function. No matter the alternative interpretation selected to replicate biological control of human movements, artificial “anatomies” should consider not only motor capabilities from the central nervous system but integrate bioinspired mechanical features (such as compliance) in artificial limbs. The development of wearable robotics and neuroprosthetic systems for human movement compensation and control is naturally inspired by human anatomy and biology. Cutting‐edge technological advances in the field of biomedical and neural engineering are bringing us more and more close to a new artificial anatomy with which humans could augment their motor capabilities or replace them after they are compromised. Either augmentative/assistive or rehabilitation technologies in the near future will require engineering solutions based on novel approaches to create usable neurorobotic and neuroprosthetic systems for the most relevant societal needs.
Model dependence of the magnetic field effects on compact stars
Authors: Rodríguez Concepción Adriel E. , Quintero Angulo Gretel
Published: January 2023

We analyze the model dependence of the observable properties of magnetized compact stars. To do so, we considered two sets of structure equations that describe axially symmetric stars under the action of a uniform magnetic field. These structure equations are applied to study the properties of three equations of state corresponding to magnetized white dwarfs, strange stars, and Bose‐Einstein condensate stars. For each equation of state (EoS), we compared the results of both macroscopic models and found that for weak magnetic fields, the observables are mainly governed by the EoS. As the magnetic field increases, the details of the models start to gain relevance.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb–drug interactions of common over‐the‐counter pain medications
Authors: Sun Chung‐Kai , Tsai Tung‐Hu
Published: January 2023

Pain is one of the most common reasons for seeking medical intervention, and self‐medication with over‐the‐counter medications and/or traditional herbal remedies has become increasingly popular. In this review, original articles on understanding possible herb–drug interactions between traditional herbs and four major pain medications—acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen—are compiled and analyzed. In terms of analytical methods, high‐performance liquid chromatography using an isocratic eluent system coupled to biological sample clean‐up is the most common, while a wide variety of detectors have been observed, including a photodiode array, variable wavelength detector, electrochemical detector and tandem mass spectrometer. Both synergistic and anti‐synergistic effects were observed for acetaminophen and aspirin, while only synergistic effects have been found for naproxen. Currently, no interactions have been reported for ibuprofen.
From online planning education to future planning education in a global view: A case study of online engineering education in MOOCs and its characteristics
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhou Shiqi , He Zhen
Published: January 2023

The world is accelerating urbanization, planning plays an irreplaceable role in the urbanization processes and sustainable development, and its education, and planning education is for cultivating next‐generation professionals in planning‐related fields for improving planning activities in urbanization and ensuring better human settlements. With the advance of new technologies, the online planning education represented by MOOCs is rapidly developing nowadays, conventional planning education is gradually turning to online planning education. This study compares the data employed from the internet searched survey with the existing literature data, and focuses on the content characteristics of conventional planning education and online planning education by comparing the content structure, time characteristics, institution characteristics, and other elements. It is found that there is no essential difference between online planning education and conventional planning education in overall characteristics, therefore, the online planning education is considered the online version of conventional planning education. At the same time, online planning education exposes various shortcomings. Furthermore, this research proposes the theoretical concept of “future planning education,” which suggesting a rational transformation for planning education is needed for solving the existing problems, and promoting the comprehensive efficiency of planning education.
Factors influencing access to specialised haematology units during acute myeloblastic leukaemia patient care: A population‐based study in France
Authors: Atsou Kueshivi Midodji , Rachet Bernard , Cornet Edouard , Chretien Marie‐Lorraine , Rossi Cédric , Remontet Laurent , Roche Laurent , Giorgi Roch , Gauthier Sophie , Girard Stéphanie , Böckle Johann , Wasse Stéphane Kroudia , Rachou Helene , Bouzid Laila , Poncet Jean‐Marc , Orazio Sébastien , Monnereau Alain , Troussard Xavier , Mounier Morgane , Maynadie Marc
Published: January 2023

Background

The excess mortality observed in Acute Myeloblastic Leukaemia (AML) patients, partly attributed to unequal access to curative treatments, could be linked to care pathways.

Methods

We included 1039 AML incident cases diagnosed between 2012–2016 from the 3 French blood cancer registries (3,625,400 inhabitants). We describe patients according to age, the medical entry unit and access to the specialised haematology unit (SHU) during follow‐up. Multivariate logistic regression model was done to determine the association between covariables and access to SHU. A total of 713 patients (69%) had access to SHU during care.

Results

The most common care pathway concerned referral from the general practitioner to SHU, n = 459(44%). The univariate analysis observed a downward trend for the most deprived patients. Patients who consulted in SHU were younger (66 years vs. 83, p < 0.001), and 92% had access to cytogenetic analysis (vs. 54%, p < 0.001). They also had less poor prognosis AML‐subtypes (AML‐MRC, t‐AML/MDS and AML‐NOS) (38% vs. 69%); 77% with de novo AML (vs. 67%, p < 0.003)], more favourable cytogenetic prognostic status (23% vs. 6%, p < 0.001), less comorbidities (no comorbidity = 55% vs. 34%, p < 0.001) and treatments proposed were curative 68% (vs. 5.3%, p < 0.001). Factors limiting access to SHU were age over 80 years (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.04–0.38), severe comorbidities (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.21–0.69), emergency unit referral (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.18–0.44) and non‐SHU referral (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.07–0.18). Consultation in an academic hospital increased access to SHU by 8.87 times (95% CI, 5.64–14.2).

Conclusion

The high proportion of access to cytogenetic testing and curative treatment among patients admitted to SHU, and the importance of early treatment in AML underlines the importance of access to SHU for both diagnosis and treatment.
High bleeding risk patients
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Cardaioli Francesco
Published: January 2023

Key points

High bleeding risk (HBR) patients are generally more complex and affected by multiple comorbidities as compared to non‐HBR population. The Biofreedom DCS was successfully tested in this setting in previous randomized trials.

In the present analysis, the Biofreedom DCS confirmed its good safety and efficacy profile also in a real‐world population of HBR patients, expanding the results also in non‐HBR subjects. However, despite a shorter DAPT regimen, HBR patients remain at higher risk for both ischemic and hemorrhagic events after PCI.

Further randomized trials will be needed to fully explore the role of Biofreedom in non HBR patients and the best DAPT regimen for both HBR and non‐HBR subjects after PCI with Biolimus DCS.
Properties of Epoxy Resins‐Based Composite Materials with the Addition of Microspheres
Authors: Serekpayeva Mira , Ibzhanova Ainur , Niyazbekova Rimma , Kokayeva Gulnara , Aldabergenova Saule
Published: January 2023

Epoxy resin‐based composite materials were investigated. Samples were made of epoxy resin ED‐20 with the addition of different amounts of microspheres. Structure and sizes of small filler particles were determined. The derived compounds were tested for resistance to alternating temperatures and corrosive media. The results demonstrated that samples with the addition of 10 % of microspheres are more resistant to the impact of 25 % acid and alkali, as well as to gasoline. At the same time, the amount of the filler from 2 to 10 wt % does not influence the resistance to alternating temperatures significantly. The conducted tests demonstrated the resistance of the developed composite materials to alternating temperatures and corrosive media, which allows using them as corrosion‐resistant coatings for metal structures and in machine maintenance.
Photochemical Nitration of Protected Anilines by 5‐Methyl‐1,4‐dinitroimidazole
Authors: Fan Xinlong , Zhao Yue , Liu Lei , Wang Huan
Published: January 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Nitroanilines are important building blocks in pharmaceuticals, materials and dyes. Nitration methods for anilines under mild conditions are highly desired. Herein, we report a photochemical method for the nitration of anilines bearing various protecting groups by 5‐methyl‐1,4‐dinitroimidazole as a new type of nitro source. This method is light‐controlled and proceeds under mild reaction conditions with high efficiency. Fmoc‐, Ts‐ and alkyl‐protected anilines are all well nitrated with good functional group tolerance.
A Talenti Comparison Result for Solutions to Elliptic Problems with Robin Boundary Conditions
Authors: Alvino Angelo , Nitsch Carlo , Trombetti Cristina
Published: January 2023

Comparison results of Talenti type for elliptic problems with Dirichlet boundary conditions have been widely investigated in recent decades. In this paper, we deal with Robin boundary conditions. Surprisingly, contrary to the Dirichlet case, Robin boundary conditions make the comparison sensitive to the dimension, and while the planar case seems to be completely settled, in higher dimensions some open problems are yet unsolved. © 2023 The Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Biosimilarity Assessment of the Biosimilar Teriparatide Candidate and the Reference Drug in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Wang Xuan , Liang Xintong , Wang Tenghua , Zhan Yaoxuan , Liu Haiyan , Li Chen , Li Xianbo , Ma Hui , Hu Zhiqin , Wang Xiaole , Xiao Shuangshuang , Ban Li , He Jin , Li Yongmei , Fang Yi
Published: January 2023

SAL001, a recombinant form of parathyroid hormone, is a biosimilar drug to teriparatide and is planned to be used in osteoporosis treatment. A single‐dose, randomized, open‐label, 2‐way crossover trial was conducted in healthy subjects to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety between SAL001 and the reference drug. Sixty‐four subjects were enrolled in the study, and 61 subjects completed the study. In each period, 20 μg of the test or reference formulation was administered subcutaneously. SAL001 was administered by autoinjector pen, whereas the reference drug was administered by a self‐matched injection pen. Serial blood samples were obtained for the analyses of PK and serum calcium concentration. Geometric mean ratios with 90%CIs for the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) were estimated. The safety of these 2 formulations was also evaluated. Overall, the 90%CIs for the geometric mean ratios of Cmax, AUC from time 0 to the last quantifiable time point, and AUC from time 0 extrapolated to infinity of the test or reference product were within 80.0%–125.0% of biosimilarity criteria. Other PK parameters, serum calcium concentration, and safety profiles had no significant differences between the 2 formulations. SAL001 demonstrated PK similarity to the reference drug, and the serum calcium concentration and safety profiles of SAL001 were also considered comparable to the reference drug.
Adsorption of Carbamazepine in All‐Silica Zeolites Studied with Density Functional Theory Calculations**
Authors: Fischer Michael
Published: January 2023

The anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine (−) is an emerging contaminant of considerable concern due to its hazard potential and environmental persistence. Previous experimental studies proposed hydrophobic zeolites as promising adsorbents for the removal of carbamazepine from water, but only a few framework types were considered in those investigations. In the present work, electronic structure calculations based on dispersion‐corrected density functional theory (DFT) were used to study the adsorption of CBZ in eleven all‐silica zeolites having different pore sizes and connectivities of the pore system (AFI, ATS, BEA, CFI, DON, FAU, IFR, ISV, MOR, SFH, SSF framework types). It was found that some zeolites with one‐dimensional channels formed by twelve‐membered rings (IFR, AFI) exhibit the highest affinity towards CBZ. A “good fit” of CBZ into the zeolite pores that maximizes dispersion interactions was identified as the dominant factor determining the interaction strength. Further calculations addressed the role of temperature (for selected systems) and of guest‐guest interactions between coadsorbed CBZ molecules. In addition to predicting zeolite frameworks of particular interest as materials for selective CBZ removal, the calculations presented here also contribute to the atomic‐level understanding of the interaction of functional organic molecules with all‐silica zeolites.
The neural representations underlying asymmetric cross‐modal prediction of words
Authors: Shi Liang , Liu Chuqi , Peng Xiaojing , Cao Yifei , Levy Daniel A. , Xue Gui
Published: January 2023

Cross‐modal prediction serves a crucial adaptive role in the multisensory world, yet the neural mechanisms underlying this prediction are poorly understood. The present study addressed this important question by combining a novel audiovisual sequence memory task, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and multivariate neural representational analyses. Our behavioral results revealed a reliable asymmetric cross‐modal predictive effect, with a stronger prediction from visual to auditory (VA) modality than auditory to visual (AV) modality. Mirroring the behavioral pattern, we found the superior parietal lobe (SPL) showed higher pattern similarity for VA than AV pairs, and the strength of the predictive coding in the SPL was positively correlated with the behavioral predictive effect in the VA condition. Representational connectivity analyses further revealed that the SPL mediated the neural pathway from the visual to the auditory cortex in the VA condition but was not involved in the auditory to visual cortex pathway in the AV condition. Direct neural pathways within the unimodal regions were found for the visual‐to‐visual and auditory‐to‐auditory predictions. Together, these results provide novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying cross‐modal sequence prediction.
Hysteroscopy after conservative surgical treatment of severe postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony: A systematic literature review
Authors: Zouaghi Chiheb , Chaouch Mohamed Ali , Sanchez Stephane , Zouaghi Sondes
Published: January 2023

Objective

To assess the prevalence of intrauterine anomalies, primarily intrauterine adhesions (IUAd), after conservative surgical treatment of severe postpartum hemorrhage with uterine atony (SPPH‐UA) and determine patient eligibility for hysteroscopy.

Methods

PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched by combining keywords “postpartum hemorrhage”, “uterine atony”, and “hysteroscopy” to perform a literature review. Articles in French and English with more than five cases of hysteroscopy following SPPH‐UA were selected. All cases that had hysteroscopy after conservative surgical treatment of SPPH‐UA were collected. A blinded statistical analysis revealed IUAd risk factors.

Results

In all, 83% of patients agreed to hysteroscopy and 38% of 71 cases had an IUAd. Age was not a risk factor (P = 0.950). Other factors included multiparity (odds ratio [OR] 1.93, P = 0.039), cesarean delivery (OR 3.58, P = 0.584) and postpartum infection (OR 3.33, P = 0.04). Risk was at 57% after uterine padding with multiple transfixing square stitches (Cho‐technique) (P = 0.001), 6% after non‐transfixing uterine folding brace suture (B‐Lynch technique) when used alone, 29% after uterine artery embolization and after internal iliac artery ligation (OR 0.98, P = 0.645); uterine vascular ligation (OR 0.69, P = 0.253) and more than two procedures (OR 0.69, P = 2.53). Disparity between authors was observed (P = 0.015) and concerned only the surgical techniques used.

Conclusion

A classification is proposed for deciding post‐SPPH hysteroscopy. Further studies are required to determine appropriateness.
Evaporative loss and environmental impact of covers on water storages: A review
Authors: Pittaway Pamela , Scobie Michael , Schmidt Erik
Published: January 2023

Commercial products to reduce evaporation from water storages have been developed since the 1960s. Categorised as suspended and floating continuous covers, floating modular covers, and monomolecular (monolayer) and multimolecular chemical films, product adoption by agricultural water managers is low. The role of evaporation reduction in improving water use efficiency is well established, but information on the suitability of product categories for farm water storages is lacking. We reviewed the environmental and operational performance of commercial evaporation reduction products using published and supplier information on design, mode of action, installation, operation, maintenance, the evaporation reduction achieved, and the impact on water quality, to analyze the suitability of the five product classes for water storages ranging in size from ≤2 to 100 ha. Span loading, cable tensioning and anchorage limit continuous covers to storages ≤2 ha. The cover fabric must reduce light transmittance by 80%, to reduce evaporation by 71%. Ballasting, tethering, and removal during dry times limit the use of continuous floating covers to storages ≤2 ha, managed close to full capacity. Floating modules must cover 88% of the surface to reduce evaporation by 70%, limiting their use to storages of ≤5 ha. Monolayer application is more flexible, but smart product selection and automated application strategies are required to improve performance. The number of application sites required to achieve full surface coverage limits monolayer use to storages ≤100 ha. Higher rates of application and poor self‐spreading may limit multimolecular films to storages ≤10 ha.
The remarkable journey of one female individual with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency diagnosed post‐mortem
Authors: Forsyth RaeLynn , Peretz Ryan H. , Dempsey Angela , Britton Jacquelyn , Kratz Lisa , Hamosh Ada , Vernon Hilary , Batshaw Mark L. , Valle David
Published: January 2023

Urea cycle disorders (UCDs) comprise a group of inborn errors of metabolism with impaired ammonia clearance and an incidence of ~1:35 000 individuals. First described in the 1970s, the diagnosis and management of these disorders has evolved dramatically. We report on a 59‐year‐old woman with a UCD who contributed to advances in the understanding and treatment of this group of disorders. This individual was diagnosed with carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency based on a biochemical assay under a research context predating genetic sequencing, treated longitudinally as having this metabolic disorder, and was among the first participants to trial UCD pharmaceutical therapies. She ultimately succumbed to a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection while maintaining unexpectedly normal ammonium levels. Postmortem genetic testing revealed ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. This individual's contributions to the field of UCDs is discussed herein.
An overview of techniques and strategies for isolation of flavonoids from the genus Erythrina
Authors: Rahmawati Rahmawati , Hartati Yeni Wahyuni , Latip Jalifah binti , Herlina Tati
Published: January 2023

Plants in the genus Erythrina is a potential source of chemical constituents, one of which is flavonoids, which have diverse bioactivities. To date, literature on the flavonoids from the genus Erythrina has only highlighted the phytochemical aspects, so this review article will discuss isolation techniques and strategies for the first time. More than 420 flavonoids have been reported in the Erythrina genus, which are grouped into 17 categories. These flavonoid compounds were obtained through isolation techniques and strategies using polar, semi‐polar, and non‐polar solvents. Various chromatographic techniques have been developed to isolate flavonoids using column flash chromatography, quick column chromatography, centrifugally accelerated thin‐layer chromatography, radial chromatography, medium‐pressure column chromatography, semi‐preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography, and preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography. Chromatographic processes for isolating flavonoids can be optimized using multivariate statistical applications such as response surface methodology with central composite design, Box–Behnken design, Doehlert design, and mixture design.
Watershed DOC uptake occurs mostly in lakes in the summer and in rivers in the winter
Authors: Maavara Taylor , Brinkerhoff Craig , Hosen Jacob , Aho Kelly , Logozzo Laura , Saiers James , Stubbins Aron , Raymond Peter
Published: January 2023

River networks transport dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from terrestrial uplands to the coastal ocean. The extent to which a reach or lake within a river network uptakes DOC depends on the stream order, the seasonal conditions, and the flow. At the watershed scale, it remains unclear whether DOC uptake is dominated by biological processes such as respiration, or abiotic processes like photomineralization. The partitioning of DOC uptake in lakes vs. rivers is also unclear. In this study, we present a new model that unifies year‐round controls on DOC cycling for an entire river network, including river–lake connectivity, to elucidate the importance of biotic vs. abiotic controls on DOC uptake. We present the Catchment UPtake and Sinks by Season, Order, and Flow for DOC (CUPS‐OF‐DOC) model, which quantifies terrestrial DOC loading, gross primary productivity, and uptake via microbes and photomineralization. The model is applied to the Connecticut River Watershed, and accounts for cascading reach‐ and lake‐scale DOC cycling across 98 scenarios spanning combinations of flows, seasons, and stream orders. We show that riverine DOC uptake is nearly constant with stream order, but the proportion of DOC uptake from photomineralization varies. Photomineralization dominates in rivers in most flow conditions and stream orders, especially in winter, accounting for at least half of whole‐watershed DOC uptake in February across all flows. Whole‐watershed summer DOC uptake occurs mostly via biomineralization in lakes, accounting for 80% of DOC uptake during the growing season, despite accounting for less than 6% of watershed open water surface area.
Design, synthesis, and applications of ring‐functionalized histidines in peptide‐based medicinal chemistry and drug discovery
Authors: Sharma Komal , Sharma Krishna K. , Mahindra Amit , Sehra Naina , Bagra Nitin , Aaghaz Shams , Parmar Rajesh , Rathod Gajanan K. , Jain Rahul
Published: January 2023

Modified and synthetic α‐amino acids are known to show diverse applications. Histidine, which possesses numerous applications when subjected to synthetic modifications, is one such amino acid. The utility of modified histidines varies widely from remarkable biological activities to catalysis, and from nanotechnology to polymer chemistry. This renders histidine residue an important place in scientific research. Histidine is a well‐studied scaffold and constitutes the active site of various enzymes catalyzing important reactions in the biological systems. A rational modification in histidine structure with a distinctly developed protocol extensively changes its physical and chemical properties. The utilization of modified histidines in search of potent, target selective and proteostable scaffolds is vital in the development of bioactive peptides with enhanced drug‐likeliness. This review is a compilation and analysis of reported side‐chain ring modifications at histidine followed by applications of ring‐modified histidines in the synthesis of various categories of bioactive peptides and peptidomimetics.
VDDB: A comprehensive resource and machine learning tool for antiviral drug discovery
Authors: Tao Shunming , Chen Yihao , Wu Jingxing , Zhao Duancheng , Cai Hanxuan , Wang Ling
Published: January 2023

Virus infection is one of the major diseases that seriously threaten human health. To meet the growing demand for mining and sharing data resources related to antiviral drugs and to accelerate the design and discovery of new antiviral drugs, we presented an open‐access antiviral drug resource and machine learning platform (VDDB), which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first comprehensive dedicated resource for experimentally verified potential drugs/molecules based on manually curated data. Currently, VDDB highlights 848 clinical vaccines and 199 clinical antibodies, as well as over 710,000 small molecules targeting 39 medically important viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Furthermore, VDDB stores approximately three million records of pharmacological data for these collected potential antiviral drugs/molecules, involving 314 cell infection‐based phenotypic and 234 target‐based genotypic assays. Based on these annotated pharmacological data, VDDB allows users to browse, search, and download reliable information about these collects for various viruses of interest. In particular, VDDB also integrates 57 cell infection‐ and 117 target‐based associated high‐accuracy machine learning models to support various antivirals identification‐related tasks, such as compound activity prediction, virtual screening, drug repositioning, and target fishing. VDDB is freely accessible at https://vddb.idruglab.cn.
Leader–member exchanges with leaders who have worked for 25 years in health institutions
Authors: Vasset Frøydis , Fagerstrøm Lisbeth , Frilund Marianne
Published: January 2023

Aim

The aim is to investigate long‐term leader experiences with leader– member exchanges (LMX) over 25 years. Leader–member exchanges focus on relational power and communication exchanges between leaders and employees when they communicate with each other or perform an action.

Design

This qualitative study is characterized by a phenomenological hermeneutical design and is based on the informants' interpretation and construction of meaning.

Method

A qualitative study with eight interviews with supreme nurse leaders from the Norwegian and Finnish health care services.

Result

The data analysis and interpretation show that relationships are built through trust, dialogue and confirmation and are affected by other contextual aspects such as the organizational size or workload and human factors such as safety, angst, and self‐esteem. The informants fight for their subordinates. Interprofessional management and obtaining good relations with the doctors was challenging. No Patient or Public Contribution
The BESST REU: Promoting soil science learning and shifts in attitudes toward science
Authors: Overbay Amy , Duckworth Owen , Heitman Joshua L.
Published: January 2023

Programs that emphasize the important, multifaceted roles that soils play as the interfaces between humanity and the earth are needed to attract new students from diverse backgrounds. The Basic and Environmental Soil Science Training Research Experience for Undergraduates (BESST REU) site aims to provide undergraduates from a variety of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines with a substantive research experience on modern soil science while developing professional and technical skills. Here, we examine data from the first five BESST cohorts pre‐ and post‐activity surveys, assessing effects of the experience on students’ research skills, knowledge about soil science, and science self‐efficacy. Results suggest that both program‐wide, common experiences, such as our geomorphology field camp, and specific, individual, mentored research experiences were important to student outcomes. Students experienced significant increases in their capacity to conduct research, knowledge about soil science, and confidence in carrying out scientific tasks. Further, qualitative data suggest that the program fundamentally impacted how students saw themselves and understood the task of “doing science.” Experiences provided by REU programs such as BESST are valuable to help students refine their personal goals and understanding of communication and collaboration within research. BESST also helped students to better understand and communicate the role of soil scientists.
Impact of Tumor‐Infiltrating Lymphocytes on Disease Progression in Human Papillomavirus‐Related Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Yin Linda X. , Rivera Michael , Garcia Joaquin J. , Bartemes Kathleen R. , Lewis Derrick B. , Lohse Christine M. , Routman David M. , Ma Daniel J. , Moore Eric J. , Van Abel Kathryn M.
Published: January 2023

Objective

We aim to explore the prognostic value of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes of patients with HPV(+)OPSCC. We hypothesize that TILS density at both sites is associated with disease‐free survival in HPV(+)OPSCC.

Study Design

Matched case‐control study among HPV(+)OPSCC patients who underwent intent‐to‐cure surgery. Cases developed locoregional or distant recurrence. Controls were matched based on age, sex, pathologic T, N, and overall stage, year of surgery, type of adjuvant treatment received, and the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation‐27 (ACE‐27) score.

Setting

Single tertiary care center, May 2007 to December 2016.

Methods

Tumoral TILs (tTILs) density was defined as % TILs; stromal TILs (sTILs) density was defined as absent/sparse or moderate/dense crowding. Associations between TILs and time to disease progression were assessed using Cox regression models.

Results

Forty‐four case‐control pairs (N = 88) were included: 42 (48%) AJCC pStage I, 39 (44%) pStage II, and 7 (8%) pStage III. tTILs density ≥10% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17‐0.99, p = .048) and a moderate/dense sTILs density (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06‐0.75, p = .016) in the primary tumor were significantly associated with decreased risk of progression. TILs density in the lymph node was associated with decreased risk of progression but did not reach statistical significance. The tTILs and sTILs density correlated strongly between the primary tumor and lymph node. Concordance between the pathologists' was moderate (60%‐70%).

Conclusions

In HPV(+)OPSCC, a higher density of tumoral and stromal TILs in the primary tumor and possibly the lymph node may predict a lower risk of disease progression.
Preparation and tribological behavior of high‐temperature oil‐containing porous polyimides
Authors: Wan Changxin , Jia Dan , Zhan Shengpeng , Zhang Wulin , Yang Tian , Li Yinhua , Duan Haitao
Published: January 2023

This paper aimed to attempt the fabrication of high‐temperature oil‐containing porous polyimides (OCPPIs) using as‐polymerized powder with a no processing melting point, as well as investigate its tribological behavior. The OCPPIs were fabricated using a cold‐press sintering technique containing multiple gradient processing steps. Coalescence tightly among polymer powders was successfully achieved under a high‐elastic state by extending holding time vastly based on the time–temperature equivalence principle. The results indicate that OCPPIs possessed a high performance of oil retention after centrifuging in rotation 6000 r/min within 120 min whether low or high porosity. The tribological behaviors were evaluated by reciprocating friction tests under point‐contact conditions. Surprisingly, the tribological properties showed counterintuitive performance, wherein the best performance on the anti‐friction and wear resistance is encountered for the PPIs with the lowest porosity due to the excellent mechanical performance. The corresponding tribological mechanism with respect to multi‐phase wear and liquid–solid lubrication was also discussed comprehensively. This work fills the gap with respect to the fabrication of high‐temperature oil reservoirs and contributes to further understanding the forming mechanisms of porous materials under a high‐elastic state.
Compilation of reputation loss scales in the oil and gas pipeline industry
Authors: Chen Xuefeng , Chen Wentao , Zhang Yifu , Peng Bin , Niu Meiling , Xu Mingwei
Published: January 2023

Oil and gas pipeline accidents not only caused personnel casualties, environmental pollution, and economic losses but also brought great panic to the public. In order to prevent accidents, consequence assessment (CA) has been widely used in the oil and gas pipeline industry. It aims to quantify the potential damage or loss due to unexpected eventualities. However, the current CA methods mainly pay attention to tangible loss, that is, human loss, production loss, asset loss, and environmental loss; the intangible loss such as reputation loss is often neglected. This leads to the deterioration of the quality of CA for the oil and gas industry. To settle existing research limitations, this article proposes to compile the reputation loss scale for the oil and gas pipeline industry to measure the intangible loss of oil and gas pipeline accidents. The compilation methodology mainly involves three stages, namely, the selection of reputation loss indicators, a compilation of reputation loss scale based on the Likert scale, and validation of reputation loss scale. The most important innovation is to quantify reputation loss based on the existing research. Therefore, this study can improve the limitations of current CA methodologies for the oil and gas pipeline Industry.
Bioactivity of the DMI fungicide mefentrifluconazole against Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal agent of peanut southern blight
Authors: Han Zhiyuan , Cui Kaidi , Wang Mengke , Jiang Chaofan , Zhao Te , Wang Meizi , Du Pengqiang , He Leiming , Zhou Lin
Published: January 2023

Background

Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal agent of peanut southern blight, has become increasingly prevalent and harmful in China, causing serious economic losses to the peanut industry. To effectively manage peanut southern blight, this study evaluated the bioactivity of the new‐generation sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide mefentrifluconazole against peanut S. rolfsii.

Results

In this study, the DMI fungicide mefentrifluconazole exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii, with a mean EC50 value of 0.21 ± 0.11 mg L−1 and a range of 0.02 to 0.55 mg L−1 for 261 isolates collected from Hebei, Henan and Shandong provinces. Mefentrifluconazole significantly reduced the biomass of mycelia and affected the morphology of hyphae. Although sclerotia were more tolerant to mefentrifluconazole than mycelial growth, mefentrifluconazole greatly inhibited the formation and germination of sclerotia. In addition, sclerotia produced by mefentrifluconazole‐treated mycelia were deficient in nutrients (e.g., protein, carbohydrate and lipid). These results indicated that mefentrifluconazole may reduce the population of S. rolfsii in the following year. In greenhouse experiments, mefentrifluconazole showed control efficacy and good persistence against peanut S. rolfsii. The preventative and curative activities of mefentrifluconazole at 200 mg L−1 against southern blight still reached 95.36% and 60.94%, respectively, after 9 days of application. No correlation was observed for the sensitivity of S. rolfsii to mefentrifluconazole and the tested DMI, quinone outside inhibitor and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides.

Conclusion

All data indicated that mefentrifluconazole could provide favorable control efficacy against S. rolfsii from peanuts and reduce the infection and population of S. rolfsii in the following year. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The methodology of A. Bogdanov's tektology in the context of modern systems economic theory
Authors: Kleiner George B.
Published: January 2023

Many highlights from Tektology: Universal Organizational Science by A. Bogdanov are projected onto the concepts of modern systemic thinking according to systemic economic theory. The concepts of space by Aristotle, I. Newton, A. Einstein and A. Bogdanov are compared; the place of Bogdanov's school in modern systemic discourse is clarified. A generalised subject human life sphere structural model, which makes it possible to describe in a unified manner the processes of cognition and creation of spiritual and material human world, is proposed. Due to this, all types of internal and external factors that stimulate these processes become possible to be included in the process of analysing creation and functioning of economic systems. Bogdanov's concept of ingression as a connection of socio‐economic space–time allows us to formulate a hypothesis about four universal types of system genesis factors and determine guidelines for harmonious development of economy and society in the foreseeable future.