bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment a Neuro-Immune Condition?
Authors: Tran-Chi Vinh-Long , Maes Michael , Nantachai Gallayaporn , Hemrungrojn Solaphat , Solmi Marco , Stoyanov Drozdstoy , Stoyanova Kristina , Tunvirachaisakul Chavit
Published: August 2024

Objectives
The pathophysiology of amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) is largely unknown, although some papers found signs of immune activation. To assess the cytokine network in aMCI after excluding patients with major depression (MDD) and to examine the immune profiles of quantitative aMCI (qMCI) and distress symptoms of old age (DSOA) scores.
Design:
A case-control study.
Setting:
Department of Psychiatry of a University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
Participants
: 61 Thai aMCI participants and 60 healthy old adults (both without MDD).
Measurements
: The Bio-Plex Pro human cytokine 27-plex test kit was used to assay cytokines/chemokines/growth factors in fasting plasma samples.
Results
aMCI is characterized by significant general immunosuppression, and reductions in T helper 1 (Th)1 and T cell growth profiles, the immune-inflammatory responses system, interleukin (IL)1β, IL6, IL7, IL12p70, IL13, GM-CSF, and MCP-1. These 7 cytokines/chemokines exhibit neuroprotective effects at physiologic concentrations. In multivariate analyses, three neurotoxic chemokines, CCL11, CCL5, and CXCL8, emerged as significant predictors of aMCI. Logistic regression showed that aMCI was best predicted by combining IL7, IL1β, MCP-1, years of education (all inversely associated) and CCL5 (positively associated). We found that 38.2% of the variance in the qMCI score was explained by IL7, IL1β, MCP-1, IL13, years of education (inversely associated) and CCL5 (positively associated). The DSOA was not associated with any immune data.
Discussion
A dysbalance between lowered levels of neuroprotective cytokines and chemokines, and relative increases in neurotoxic chemokines are key factors in aMCI. Future MCI research should always control for the confounding effects of affective symptoms.
Power Consumption State Evaluation of Important Power Customers Based on AHP-TOPSIS Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Xixiang , meng qi , Yang Jun
Published: August 2024

In the construction of a new power system, the identification and evaluation of power consumption status of power customers will become an important basis for them to participate in the emerging businesses such as demand response and virtual power plants. In order to ensure the power safety of important power customers, a new evaluation of power consumption status of important power customers based on the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)-TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) algorithm is proposed by fully mining and applying the power big data. Firstly, a power consumption big data analysis platform based on the Hadoop architecture is built to provide a high-performance platform support for big data analysis. Secondly, nine evaluation indexes are constructed from the three dimensions of voltage, load and synthesis, which objectively and scientifically describes the power consumption status of important power customers. Finally, the AHP-TOPSIS algorithm is used to evaluate and analyze the voltage, load and comprehensive indicators respectively, thus, obtaining the evaluation values of three kinds of indicators. The power consumption status scores of important power customers are determined by the variable weight weighted summation. The rationality and feasibility of the method and algorithm are proved by example analysis and field verification. This method helps to promote the transformation from post fault emergency repair to warning beforehand. It has the multiple effects of ensuring safe power consumption, supporting accurate patrolling and active emergency repair serving.
ENSO phase space dynamics in CMIP models
Authors: Priya Priyamvada , Dommenget Dietmar
Published: August 2024

This study analyses the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase space as simulated by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects 5 and 6 (CMIP5 and CMIP6) models. The ENSO phase space describes the ENSO cycle between the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific (T) and the equatorial mean thermocline depth anomaly (h). We find that the characteristics out-of-phase cross-correlation between T and h is shifted to negative values in CMIP models, suggesting that the coupling between T and h is regionally sifted to the east compared to the observed central Pacific. If we consider the CMIP models with an eastward shifted h then the models have better agreements with the observed characteristics. While the models can capture some of the non-linear aspects with high correlations, they do largely underestimate the strength of non-linear ENSO aspects. They underestimate the likelihood of extreme El Niño and discharge states, they cannot capture the enhanced growth rates during the recharge state, the enhanced decay after the discharge state nor the reduced phase transitions after the La Niña phases. Weaker than observed wind-SST feedback and weaker h variability are likely some of the reasons why models cannot fully capture the non-linear ENSO phase space dynamics. Further, we found no indication of significant improvements from the CMIP 5 to 6 ensemble, suggesting that the two ensembles are essentially the same in terms of their ENSO dynamics. There is, however, a large spread within the model ensembles, leading to models with quite different ENSO dynamics.
Atomic Insights into Rare-Earth Element Enrichment and Fractionation in Weathering Crusts
Authors: Zhu Jianxi , ran Lingyu , Wang Gaofeng , Liang Xiaoliang , Ling Bowen , Xu Jie , Wei Jingming , Xi Yunfei , He Hongping
Published: August 2024

Regolith-hosted rare-earth element (REE) deposits are essential for supplying heavy-REEs (HREEs), meeting over 95% of global demand. In weathering crusts, REE enrichment and fractionation form these valuable deposits. While REEs are commonly thought to adsorb onto the Al-basal plane of kaolinite, the atomic-scale adsorption state has not been visualized, and the role of clay minerals in REE fractionation is debated. Using high-resolution atomic force microscopy (HR-AFM), we visualize the atomic-scale adsorption of light-REEs (LREEs) and HREEs on the Si-basal and Al-basal planes of kaolinite in aqueous solutions. Our results show that REEs primarily adsorb on the Si-basal plane, forming a "triangle" pattern, with HREEs preferentially adsorbed over LREEs, unequivocally establishing that clay minerals affect REE fractionation. This adsorption behavior is confirmed on mica, which also exposes Si-basal planes. This study reveals the unexpected significance of the Si-plane in REE adsorption, providing atomic-scale insights into REE enrichment and fractionation mechanisms during the metallogenetic process of regolith-hosted REE deposits. Moreover, the elucidated activity and specificity of the Si-basal plane indicate significant implications for various geochemical processes, such as elemental immobilization, transport, and cycling, due to the abundance of silicates within Earth’s crust.
Dual role of circulating and mucosal Vδ1 T cells in the control of and contribution to persistent HIV-1 infection
Authors: Soriano-Sarabia Natalia , Mann Brendan , Sanz Marta , Clohosey Matthew , Langlands Kayley , Chitrakar Alisha , Moreno Carles , Vitalle Joana , Iannone Marie , Ruiz-Mateos Ezequiel , Deleage Claire , Siegel Marc
Published: August 2024

Curative strategies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection are hindered by incomplete characterization of the latent reservoir and limited enhancement of anti-HIV immune responses. In this study, we identified a novel dual role for peripheral and tissue-resident Vδ1 T cells within the gastrointestinal mucosa of virally suppressed people with HIV. Phenotypic analyses identified an increased frequency of highly differentiated, cytotoxic effector Vδ1 T cells that exerted potent inhibition of HIV-1 replication in vitro coinciding with direct increases in cytolytic function. Conversely, we detected an enrichment of HIV-1 DNA in tissue-resident CD4+Vδ1 T cells in situ. Despite low CD4 expression, we found circulating Vδ1 T cells also contained HIV-1 DNA which was replication-competent. We show that TCR-mediated activation of peripheral Vδ1 T cells induced de novo upregulation of CD4 providing a plausible mechanism for increased permissibility to infection. These findings highlight juxtaposing roles for Vδ1 T cells in HIV-1 persistence including significant contribution to tissue reservoirs.
Detection of Ectopic Beat from Electrocardiography with Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Shaikh Bilal , Zafar Ana
Published: August 2024

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a crucial tool for identifying cardiovascular diseases. However, manual evaluation of ECG signals can be tedious and time-consuming, especially when dealing with a large number of cardiac patients. To address this challenge, this study presents a model that categorizes ECG signals into three distinct classes based on their morphological characteristics. Our approach utilizes non-linear features extracted through a convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed 1D-CNN model architecture comprises three convolutional layers, max pooling layers, and dense layers. This structure automatically extracts distinctive non-linear features from ECG signals and classifies them into five categories: Normal (Normal Beat), Supraventricular ectopic beats and Ventricular ectopic beats. We evaluated our algorithm using the open-source MIT-BIH database and 5-fold cross-validation. The model achieved an accuracy of 97% and an F1 score of 99%.
Pemikiran dan Gerakan Tasawuf Kerukunan Tuan Guru Batak di Kabupaten Simalungun
Authors: Lubis Muallim Lubis
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The turmoil in a multicultural society is one thing that needs to be awakened in the midst of society. This writing found the existence of the cultivation of clusters through the values of tasawuf; the character is Master Master Batak in Simalungun district, North Sumatra, through the Sufi House and the Civilization of Pondok Pesulukan Serambi Babussalam. As for the method used, it is a qualitative method, the primary source of which is a direct quote from the figures discussed in online media, both local and national. As for the results of this writing, it shows that the thought and movement of the Tasawuf collections that Master Batak said was successful, proved by the findings during the research where the figures of various religions and followers came to learn about the collections to the Sufi House and the Civilization of the Pondok Pesulukan Serambi Babussalam by Tuan Guru Batak which was made the basis of the movement of values of the tasawuf.
Abstrak
Kerukunan dalam masyarakat multikultural adalah satu hal yang harus terjaga. Ditemukan adanya penanaman kerukunan di tengah masyarakat multiagama dan Etnis melalui nilai-nilai tasawuf di Kabupaten Simalungun, Sumatera Utara, tokohnya adalah seorang Mursyid Tarekat yaitu Tuan Guru Batak, melalui Rumah Sufi dan Peradaban Pondok Pesulukan Serambi Babussalam yang didirikannya. Pada kasus di atas perlu kiranya untuk digali seberapa jauh keberhasilan, dampak dan tantangan dari pemikiran dan gerakannya di tengah masyarakat Simalungun. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, yang mana sumber primernya adalah wawancara, kutipan pembicaraan langsung dari tokoh yang dimuat di media online, baik media lokal maupun nasional. Adapun hasil dari tulisan ini menunjukan bahwa pemikiran dan gerakan tasawuf kerukunan yang diusung Tuan Guru Batak terbilang berhasil, dilihat dari temuan selama penelitian, dimana para tokoh lintas agama dan pemeluknya datang ke Rumah Sufi dan Peradaban untuk belajar bersama tentang kerukunan lewat nilai-nilai tasawuf yang dipimpin oleh Tuan Guru Batak.
Impelementasi Nilai-Nilai Islam Wasathiyah: Upaya Membangun Sikap Tasamuh Generasi Milenial dan Generasi Z
Authors: RIZAYANTI HANA , Waharjani Waharjani , Perawironegoro Djamaluddin
Published: August 2024

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji nilai-nilai Islam wasathiyah. Urgensi penelitian pada artikel ini yaitu memberikan penjelaskan implementasi nilai-nilai Islam wasathiyah yang kemudian berkontribusi dalam membangun sikap tasamuh. Terlebih fokus penelitian ini berupa kajian tentang nilai yang terkandung dalam Islamasathiyah dalam membangun sikap tasamuh pada generasi milenaial dan generazi Z. Allah Swt. menciptakan manusia dari seorang laki-laki dan perempuan, lalu menjadikan mereka bersuku-suku dan berbangsa-bangsa dengan tujuan untuk saling mengenal bukan untuk bertikai. Mengakui keberagaman merupakan bukti keimanan manusia. Namun, realitanya tidak semua menerima dan memahmi makna keberagaman. Sungguh menyedihkan keadaan masa kini di mana menjadi sangat umum aneka tuduhan kepada sesama muslim hanya karena yang dituduh berbeda pendapat dengan yang menuduh. Sungguh, toleransi telah hilang atau memudar dari umat Islam. Maka, Islam wasathiyah adalah solusi untuk menumbuhkan sikap tasamuh, mengakui, menghargai, dan menghormati satu sama lain. Dengan adanya implementasi nilai-nilai Islam wasathiyah akan lahir generasi yang menjunjung tingggi nilai-nilai tersebut dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, implementasi nilai-nilai Islam wasathiyah dalam membangun sikap tasamuh meliputi: (1) nilai ta’aruf, (2) nilai ta’awun, (3) nilai tawassuth, (4) nilai syura, (5) nilai tatawur wa ibtikar.
Polyphenol Extraction Using Microwaves and Pressured Liquid Condition from Cupuaçu Seed By-Product: Optimization and Comparative Study
Authors: da Costa Russany , Teixeira Camilo , Casazza Alessandro , Costa Roseane , Silva Júnior José Otávio , Converti Attilio , Perego Patrizia
Published: August 2024

Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum.) is an Amazonian fruit rich in antioxidants potential due to its phenolic compounds. Its seeds produce cupulate, a chocolate-like product, and the residue remains rich in biocompounds. This study aimed to optimize and compare microwave-assisted (MAE) and high pressure/temperature extraction (HPTE) of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds from cupuaçu seed by-products. A Box-Behnken 33 factorial design assessed the influence of extraction time, solid/liquid ratio, and ethanol concentration. Responses included total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and anti-radical power via the ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) method. In optimum conditions, MAE had the highest total polyphenol content and HPTE for flavonoids. Optimal conditions for both methods were 65% (m/v) ethanol concentration, 45 min extraction time, and 0.03 g mL-1 solid/liquid ratio. MAE and HPTE achieved greater recovery of (–)-epicatechin and (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate compared to percolation. Both techniques proved viable for recovering polyphenols from cupuaçu seed by-products, in less time and with less solvent. Thus, cupuaçu by-products can be a sustainable and functional food source, with MAE and HPTE providing high yields and quality extracts rich in polyphenols.
Exploring the sensitivity of river flow patterns to meteorological drought using multifractal and cross-correlation applications
Authors: Rahmani Farhang , Fattahi Mohammad Hadi
Published: August 2024

Climate change has impacted both the duration and intensity of droughts during the past decades. Rivers are valuable resources that are sensitive to alterations owing to droughts. Thus, due to the river importance and drought pattern changes, the effect of meteorological drought on river flow patterns is critical. In this study, the influence of meteorological drought on the river flow was explored using multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis and the cross-correlation technique. The Hamoon Basin in Iran was selected, and precipitation and river flow data (discharge) from 1966 to 2016 were evaluated. The findings revealed that when the severity and frequency of meteorological droughts augmented, the river flow time-series structure's susceptibility to substantial fluctuations reduced. In addition, the river flow exhibited more correlated behavior. Furthermore, the multifractal behavior of the flow intensified. Furthermore, the highest cross-correlation value was 0.32, which was related to α(0) vs. SPI. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between meteorological conditions and river flow's multifractality, sensitivity to changes, and correlated behavior. It introduces a new approach to understand the relationship between river flow patterns' dynamics and meteorological conditions, which has not been previously explored. The findings are relevant to water resource management, drought and river flow studies, and water engineering.
Recent Advances in Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Shewale Harshada , Kanugo Abhishek
Published: August 2024

The truancy of representation of the estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth
factor receptors occurs during TNBC. TNBC is recognized for the upper reappearance and has a poorer
diagnosis compared with rest breast cancer (BC) types. Presently, as such, no targeted therapy is approved
for TNBC and treatment options are subjected to chemotherapy and surgery, which have high
mortality rates. Hence, the current article focuses on the scenario of TNBC vital pathways and discusses
the latest advances in TNBC treatment, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), PARP suppressors,
and cancer vaccines. Immunotherapy and ICIs, like PD 1 and PD L1 suppressors, displayed potential
in clinical trials (CTs). These suppressors obstruct the mechanisms which allow tumor cells to evade
the system thereby boosting the body’s defense against TNBC. Immunotherapy, either alone or combined
with chemotherapy has demonstrated patient outcomes such as increased survival rates and reduced
treatment-related side effects. Additionally, targeted therapy approaches include BRCA/2 mutation
poly ribose polymerase inhibitors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors,
Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, Fibroblast growth factor inhibitors, Androgen Receptor
inhibitors, PIK3/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors, Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, Notch
signaling pathway inhibitors, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway
inhibitors, Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, Transforming growth factor (TGF) -β
inhibitors, Epigenetic modifications (EPM), Aurora Kinase inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates. We
also highlight ongoing clinical trials and potential future directions for TNBC therapy. Despite the challenges
in treating TNBC, recent developments in understanding the molecular and immune characteristics
of TNBC have opened up new opportunities for targeted therapies, which hold promise for improving
outcomes in this aggressive disease.
In silico, In vitro, and In vivo Evaluation of the Anti-alzheimer’s Activity of Berberine
Authors: Theunis Louise T. , Billones Junie B. , Hsiao Chung-Der , Villaflores Oliver B. , Llamasares-Castillo Agnes L.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease for
which there is no effective cure is among the leading causes of death worldwide.

Objectives:

To investigate the potential anti-AD activity of berberine (BBR).

Methods:

In silico assessment included molecular docking and ADMET prediction. BBR’s in vitro
inhibitory activity of the target selected from docking results was assessed via colorimetric inhibitor
screening assay. BBR’s LC50 in adult zebrafish was determined via an Acute Toxicity Study. ZnCl2
concentration for AD induction was determined via toxicity study and T-maze test. Finally, zebrafish
were treated with ZnCl2 alone or simultaneously with either BBR or donepezil and assessed via the
inhibitory avoidance task, followed by ELISA of AD-related biomarker levels in brain tissue.

Results:

The in silico assessment showed BBR’s desirable drug properties and binding affinity on
selected AD-related targets, which was the greatest docking score with AChE. The in vitro IC50 on
AChE was 3.45 μM. The LC50 in adult zebrafish was calculated at 366 ppm. In the T-maze test,
ZnCl2 at 2.5 ppm caused the greatest cognitive impairment accompanied by moderate freezing. In the
inhibitory avoidance test, fish treated with either 100 ppm BBR or 2.5 ppm donepezil had
significantly better performance than ZnCl2-treated fish. ZnCl2-treated zebrafish brain tissue had the
highest Aβ levels and AChE activity of all groups, but these were significantly lower in donepeziland
BBR-treated fish. ZnCl2- and donepezil-treated fish had similar TNF-α levels, whereas BBR
treatment significantly lowered them close to those of untreated fish.

Conclusion:

BBR showed anti-amyloidogenic, anti-AChE, and anti-inflammatory effects, which
support its potential use in AD therapy.
Bilastine-Loaded Transethosome Based Nanogel for the Treatment of Allergic Reactions: An In vitro Characterization
Authors: Mhatre Nandini R. , Rane Bhushan R. , Padave Aditi P. , Jain Ashish S.
Published: August 2024

Objective:

The goal of the current study was to formulate and evaluate bilastine-loaded
transethosomal nanogel. Bilastine has 60% oral bioavailability, which restricts the rate of absorption and
dissolution and classifies it under BCS class II drugs, which can be overcome by incorporating bilastine in
transethosomal nanogel formulation in the treatment of urticaria.

Methods:

Bilastine-loaded transethosomes were prepared using a thin film hydration method with
different proportions of Tween 80 and ethanol by using a rotary evaporator and incorporated into a
transethosomal gel using Carbopol 934 as a polymer by dispersion method.

Results:

The bilastine-loaded transethosomal formulation was optimized by using the “Box Behnken
design” and evaluated for various parameters. The optimized formulation was found to be stable, as
determined by the zeta potential of −27.0 mV and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.167, and vesicle
size was found to be 183nm and exhibiting the maximum entrapment efficiency of up to 80.23%.
The drug content of the transethosomal gel was found to be 81.56%. The best results were obtained
with a transethosomal gel prepared with 1% Carbopol 934 (TF7G2). The optimized batch showed
prolonged in-vitro release of bilastine for 8 hrs. Ex vivo skin permeation studies showed 76.23 ±
2.63% permeation in comparison with plain gel.

Conclusion:

Transethosomal nanogel batches were optimized based on drug content, viscosity, uniformity
of drug content, zeta potential, spreadability, pH, drug release, and stability testing, exhibiting
good results. The results of this investigation showed that the transethosomal nanogel loaded
with bilastine might be used to improve bilastine delivery through the skin with greater bioavailability.
Exploring Mothers' Challenges in Living with Children with
Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Content Analysis Study
Authors: Zandi Shirdel , Khazaei Salman , Bashirian Saeed , Mohammadi Reza , Karbin Fatemeh , Jenabi Ensiyeh
Published: August 2024

Aim:

The present qualitative study was carried out to clarify the experiences of
mothers with respect to living with children with ASD.

Background:

Limited studies have been conducted on the experiences of mothers and their
challenges in living with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in western Iran.

Methods:

A qualitative study utilizing the content analysis approach was designed to elucidate
the experiences of mothers living with children with ASD. Participants were purposefully
selected based on predefined criteria. The study was conducted from March to
September 2023 at the Autism Spectrum Disorder Research Center in Hamedan, Iran.
Sampling continued until data saturation was achieved. Interview transcripts were analyzed
using a content analysis strategy, and main themes and subthemes were identified.
MAXQDA version 10 software was used for data management during analysis.

Results:

Twelve participants were enrolled in this study. Six main themes and 15 subthemes
were identified, representing the challenges of mothers living with children with ASD in
Iran. The study themes included personal development hindrance (constant engagement, reduced
self-attention, limited personal activities), social non-acceptance (social isolation and
others' judgmental behaviors), lack of support infrastructure (limited rehabilitation centers,
limited care centers, and heavy financial burden), caretaking responsibility (constant worry
for the child, stereotypical behaviors, and sleep disturbances in the child), constant attention
requirement (continuous need for care and constant support), and unequal attention within
the family (reduced attention to other children and decreased marital intimacy).

Conclusion:

The results of this research have indicated that mothers of children with ASD
experience high levels of physical and psychological stress and are vulnerable to harm.
Therefore, providing supportive resources to ensure their mental well-being is essential.
Ensuring the safety of navigation on the inland waterways of regional importance in Saint Petersburg
Authors: Ageev S. A. , Karetnikov V. V. , Rudykh S. V.
Published: August 2024

The topic of this work is the study of issues related to ensuring the safety of navigation on inland waterways of regional importance located within the territorial borders of St. Petersburg. The issues of improving various regulatory legal acts that have made it possible to increase navigation safety on the Fontanka River, Moika River, Zhdanovka River, Griboyedov Canal, Kryukov Canal and Zimnaya Kanavka are discussed. It is emphasized that the level of navigation safety on those waterways of St. Petersburg, which have received a new status — waterways of regional importance, has been significantly increased due to the extension of navigation rules for ships to them. It is recognized that the decisions to transfer these waterways for maintenance to a state-owned enterprise with many years of experience, which is the Federal Budgetary Institution “Administration of the Volga-Baltic Basin of Inland Waterways” and the need to determine the optimal guaranteed dimensions of ship passages using modern mathematical modeling methods, is quite correct and well-founded. In order to increase the level of navigation safety, it is proposed to ensure compliance with all the requirements of existing regulatory legal documents in the field of navigation safety in relation to navigable bridge spans. It is indicated that it is necessary to determine the estimated navigable level or the maximum navigable water level for bridge crossings and install all necessary navigation signs in the navigable spans for the safe passage of ships.
Claves actualizadas para la identificación morfológica de machos y hembras de las especies de Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) conocidas en México
Authors: Ibáñez Bernal Sergio
Published: August 2024

Se presentan claves para la identificación taxonómica de machos y hembras de Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) conocidos a la fecha en México con las características morfológicas ilustradas, la técnica sugerida para la elaboración de laminillas permanentes para la observación al microscopio y un glosario de términos de las características empleadas en las claves. Se reconocen actualmente en México un total de 53 especies actuales y dos especies fósiles, pertenecientes a una tribu, cuatro subtribus, 10 géneros y 12 subgéneros.
Physical Characterization of Solar Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Materials for Solar Dryers: Case of Volcanic Stone (Pozzolan) in Chad
Authors: Boukar Michel , Tchoffo Houdji Etienne , Tchuindjang Kwatchie Dimitri Valdes , Tchaya Guy Bertrand , Raidandi Danwe
Published: August 2024

Many sensible heat storage materials are regularly used as thermal energy storage (TES) systems to improve the efficiency of solar dryers. The present work focuses on the effects of the volume and particle sizes of a volcanic stone (pozzolan) for the same purpose. Samples soaked in matt black and without soaking were also considered. Heat charge and discharge tests were carried out by exposing the pozzolan contained in a solar collector of the direct solar dryer (DSD) and indirect solar dryer (ISD) to the sun. Charge and discharge heat transfer models of the pozzolan enable determining the time constant . The results show that during the charge phase, the non-soaked sample for volumes of 25 l and 20 l in the ISD and the DSD stores heat more than the soaked sample. The half-filled solar collector for ISD with a pozzolan bed depth of 5 cm gives high time-constant values compared to other studied samples. Thus, the pozzolan charges for a longer time for this volume. Soaked samples discharge more slowly than non-soaked samples for particle sizes of 8 to 12 mm and 12 to 16 mm in the ISD and 4 to 8 mm and 8 to 12 mm in the DSD.
Exercise and Psychomotor Rehabilitation in a Patient with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Martins Catarina F. , Soares Jorge , Mota Maria Paula
Published: August 2024

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition that impacts an individual's physical, cognitive, and social well-being, ultimately resulting in a decline in independence and functionality. This case report explores how a program combining multimodal physical exercise and psychomotor rehabilitation can improve outcomes in interventions for Alzheimer's disease patients. This approach can enhance treatment effectiveness and provide researchers and practitioners with additional therapeutic options. The participant was an 85-year-old woman diagnosed with moderate Alzheimer's disease. The following evaluation forms were used before and after the intervention: Barthel Index, Mini-Mental State Examination, Tinetti balance scale, and Six Minute Walk Test. The results showed an improvement in gait velocity, balance, cognitive function, and cardiovascular capacity despite the participant experiencing a medical setback during the intervention. The combination of multimodal physical exercise and psychomotor rehabilitation provided a beneficial non-pharmacological approach for the patient with Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting a promising area for future research.
Development and Validation of a Computed Tomography–Based Model for Noninvasive Prediction of the T Stage in Gastric Cancer: Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Tao Jin , Liu Dan , Hu Fu-Bi , Zhang Xiao , Yin Hongkun , Zhang Huiling , Zhang Kai , Huang Zixing , Yang Kun
Published: August 2024

Background

As part of the TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) staging system, T staging based on tumor depth is crucial for developing treatment plans. Previous studies have constructed a deep learning model based on computed tomographic (CT) radiomic signatures to predict the number of lymph node metastases and survival in patients with resected gastric cancer (GC). However, few studies have reported the combination of deep learning and radiomics in predicting T staging in GC.

Objective

This study aimed to develop a CT-based model for automatic prediction of the T stage of GC via radiomics and deep learning.

Methods

A total of 771 GC patients from 3 centers were retrospectively enrolled and divided into training, validation, and testing cohorts. Patients with GC were classified into mild (stage T1 and T2), moderate (stage T3), and severe (stage T4) groups. Three predictive models based on the labeled CT images were constructed using the radiomics features (radiomics model), deep features (deep learning model), and a combination of both (hybrid model).

Results

The overall classification accuracy of the radiomics model was 64.3% in the internal testing data set. The deep learning model and hybrid model showed better performance than the radiomics model, with overall classification accuracies of 75.7% (P=.04) and 81.4% (P=.001), respectively. On the subtasks of binary classification of tumor severity, the areas under the curve of the radiomics, deep learning, and hybrid models were 0.875, 0.866, and 0.886 in the internal testing data set and 0.820, 0.818, and 0.972 in the external testing data set, respectively, for differentiating mild (stage T1~T2) from nonmild (stage T3~T4) patients, and were 0.815, 0.892, and 0.894 in the internal testing data set and 0.685, 0.808, and 0.897 in the external testing data set, respectively, for differentiating nonsevere (stage T1~T3) from severe (stage T4) patients.

Conclusions

The hybrid model integrating radiomics features and deep features showed favorable performance in diagnosing the pathological stage of GC.
Effectiveness of a 24-week mobile application-based human coaching program for controlling weight, body mass index, and body composition in breast cancer survivors who are overweight or obese: Single-arm prospective cohort study (Preprint)
Authors: Jung So-Youn , Lee Eun-Gyeong , Lee Dong-Eun , Kim Jeongseon , Han Jai Hong , Lee Seeyoun , Kang Han-Sung , Lee Eun Sook , Chae Heejung , Sim Sung Hoon , Lee Keun Seok , Lee Jungeun , Lee Hyun Jeong , Yoo Ji Sung , Wie Gyung Ah
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Overweight or obesity is a prognostic factor for breast cancer recurrence and breast cancer-related deaths. However, weight control is difficult for breast cancer survivors because of menopause, chemotherapy, anti-hormonal therapy, and psychological issues.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop a 24-week mobile application-based human coaching program using Noom and evaluate its efficacy in breast cancer survivors who are overweight or obese.

METHODS

In this single-arm prospective cohort study, 130 breast cancer survivors with BMI ≥25 were enrolled and received a 24-week program including diet-, exercise-, and psychology-based contents with the trained human coach in Noom during 2019–2021. For a hyperactive group who joined more than 16 weeks, we evaluated weight, BMI, lipid level, bioimpedance, and Quality of Life at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up.

RESULTS

Among 130 breast cancer survivors, 101 (77.7%) and 93 (71.5%) completed the 6-month and 12-month follow-ups, respectively. In the hyperactive group (68/101, 67%), body weight and body mass index (BMI) significantly reduced (mean difference: -1.97 kg, 95% CI (confidence interval):-2.65–-1.26, P<0.001 and -0.86, 95% CI:-1.15–-0.56, P<0.001, respectively) at 6 months and maintained at 12 months without the yo-yo effect. Among the lipid panel, triglyceride (TG) levels decreased significantly (-34.13, 95% CI:-58.09- -10.17, P=0.006) and maintained at 12 months. With respect to bioimpedance components, skeletal muscle mass (SMM, kg), body fat mass (BFM, kg), percent body fat (PBF, %), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and visceral fat area (VFA, cm2) improved in the first 6 months. However, WHR and VFA increased during the next 6 months. Based on the EORTC QLQ C30 and BR 23, nausea or vomiting, constipation, body image, arm, and breast symptoms significantly improved during the first 6 months.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated that a 24-week mobile application-based human coaching program is beneficial for controlling body weight, BMI, TG, and body composition in terms of bioimpedance for breast cancer survivors who are overweight or obese.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT 05506189
Colorado Sickle Cell Data Collection Program: Surveillance and Prevalence of Sickle Cell Disease in Colorado (Preprint)
Authors: Miller Joshua I , Hassell Kathryn L , Kellar-Guenther Yvonne , Quesada Stacey , West Rhonda , Sontag Marci
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary blood disorder causing significant health complications. While advancements in care have improved survival rates, accurate prevalence data in Colorado has been limited, hampering effective public health interventions.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this study were to establish and describe the Colorado Sickle Cell Data Collection (CO-SCDC) program, update the prevalence and birth prevalence of sickle cell disease (SCD) in Colorado, and improve surveillance methodologies to inform public health interventions, education initiatives, and policy development.

METHODS

The CO-SCDC program collected and linked data from multiple sources including the Colorado Department of Health and Environment and electronic health records from University of Colorado Health and Children’s Hospital Colorado. Data from 2012 to 2020 were analyzed using national case definitions to classify SCD cases. Case validation was performed via clinical review by two hematologists. Prevalence and birth prevalence of SCD in Colorado were calculated as were demographics of the Colorado SCD population.

RESULTS

In 2019, 435 individuals were identified as living with SCD in Colorado, an increase of 16-40% over previous estimates. The prevalence of SCD was highest in urban counties, with concentrations in Arapahoe, Denver, and El Paso counties. Birth prevalence of SCD increased from 11.9 per 100,000 live births between 2010-2014 to 20.1 per 100,000 live births between 2015-2019. The study highlighted a 67% increase in SCD births over the decade, correlating with the growth of the Black or African American population in the state.

CONCLUSIONS

The CO-SCDC program successfully established a capacity to perform SCD surveillance and a baseline of prevalence estimates for SCD in Colorado. The findings underscore the importance of surveillance for informed public health strategies and policy development to improve outcomes for individuals with SCD.
Optimization of Desulfurization of 4-Methyldibenzothiophene and 4,6-Dimethyldibenzothiophene Using Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxide Equipped with ZnO/TiO2
Authors: Amri Amri , Ahmad Nur , Wibiyan Sahrul , Wijaya Alfan , Mardiyanto Mardiyanto , Royani Idha , Mohadi Risfidian , Lesbani Aldes
Published: August 2024

The growth of heavy industry leads to an increase in sulfur dioxide emissions, impacting health, economy, and the fulfilment of the ecological needs for society. Sulfur removal is carried out using the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) method. In this study, layered double hydroxide materials of Mg/Al, Mg/Al-TiO2, and Mg/Al-ZnO were successfully synthesized and analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) techniques. Those materials are used as catalysts for the desulfurization of 4-methyldibenzothiophene (4-MDBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT). Composite Mg/Al catalysts with metal oxides provide superior desulfurization process efficiency and enhanced stability, making them highly effective for repeated use. The conversion percentage of desulfurization of 4-MDBT and 4,6-DMDBT increases with time. The n-hexane is a suitable solvent for desulfurization of 4-MDBT and 4,6-DMDBT. All catalysts exhibit significant heterogeneity that greatly aids in the separation process.
Synthesis, Structure, Antibacterial Activity, and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis of Complex [Co(4-ampy)4(NCS)2]·CO2
Authors: Savitri Linggar Agil , Putra Faaza'izzahaq Setta , Laksmana Sutandyo Dwija , Mariyam Dewi , Dasna I Wayan
Published: August 2024

The [Co(4-ampy)4(NCS)]2·CO2 complex compound was successfully synthesized using the reflux method from the reaction between CoCl2·6H2O, 4-aminopyridine, and KSCN in methanol solvent for 6 h at 64 °C. The synthesized compound is a dark purple cube-shaped crystal with a melting point of 209 °C. FTIR test showed the presence of isothiocyanate anion at C=N stretching vibration wavenumber 1633 cm−1, C–N vibration on amine group belonging to 4-aminopyridine ligand at 1217 cm−1, and C=N vibration of pyridine aromatic group at 1334 cm−1. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data refinement results show the complex compound has octahedral geometry in a cubic lattice with space group Pn̄3n with lattice parameters a = b = c = 16.426(3) Å and α = β = γ = 90°. According to the crystal data, there was one molecule of CO2 in the crystal packing of the complex. Hirshfeld surface analysis showed the major interaction contributions from C⋯H/H⋯C, H⋯H, S⋯H/H⋯S, and O⋯H/H⋯O. The antibacterial activity test results showed that the activity of the synthesized complex was more active against Staphylococcus aureus but less effective against Escherichia coli.
Enhanced Capacity and Easily Separable Adsorbent of Dithizone-immobilized Magnetite Zeolite for Pb(II) Adsorption
Authors: Susiana Carissa Ayu , Rusdiarso Bambang , Mudasir Mudasir
Published: August 2024

In this study, magnetic natural zeolite (ZTM) was prepared using the coprecipitation method and dithizone was then immobilized on its surface in less toxic medium of alkaline to yield dithizone-immobilized magnetic zeolite (ZTM-Dtz). The synthesized ZTM-Dtz was characterized by FTIR and XRD, indicating that dithizone was successfully immobilized on the surface of ZTM. Vibrating sample magnetometer measurements showed superparamagnetic properties of either ZTM or ZTM-Dtz with magnetization values of 7.35 and 11.49 emu g−1, respectively. The adsorption kinetics of Pb(II) on both adsorbents followed a pseudo-second-order and their adsorption isotherms were properly described by the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity of ZTM and ZTM-Dtz were 6.94 and 38.46 mg g−1, respectively, suggesting that dithizone immobilization enhanced the adsorbent capacity more than 5 times. The interaction mechanism between Pb(II) metal ion and ZTM was dominated by ion exchange, whereas that of ZTM-Dtz was mostly hydrogen bonds and complexation. The synthesized material is promising to be developed for the adsorption of heavy metal ions such as Pb(II) because it provides a high adsorption capacity and the adsorbents can be easily separated magnetically after application.
Effects of Hybrid Filler and Mixing Equipment on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of NR/EPDM Rubber Blends
Authors: Artchomphoo Jutatip , Saijun Diew , Booncharoen Kamonwan , Sungsee Pasuta , Rattanapan Suwat
Published: August 2024

This research evaluated the effects of hybrid fillers and mixing equipment on natural rubber (NR) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) properties with an 80/20 ratio. Silica (Si), carbon black (C), china clay (CC), and calcium carbonate (Ca) were used as hybrid fillers. Mixing techniques using two-roll mill and an internal mixer were compared. The study focused on cure characteristics, mechanical properties, and thermal stability. The study found that incorporating hybrid fillers significantly improved the curing process. Blends prepared by an internal mixer had more consistent mechanical properties such as modulus, tear strength, and hardness compared to those prepared by two-roll mill. Blends with Si and C (NE-SiC) showed significant enhancements in tensile and tear strength. Although adding multiple fillers did not accelerate curing, it enhanced the modulus, indicating a potential synergistic effect. The internal mixer method resulted in better elongation at break, except for the NE-SiC-CC.Ca blend, which had reduced flexibility. Thermal analysis revealed higher thermal stability for blends with hybrid fillers, decomposing at elevated temperatures with larger residues, particularly in NE-SiC-CC and NE-SiC-CC.Ca blends. These research findings highlight the critical role of filler types and mixing methods in optimizing the performance of NR/EPDM rubber blends.
Cross-generational Effects of Social Media on Body Image Perception
Authors: Speranza Trinidad Belén , Abrevaya Sofía , Ramenzoni Verónica
Published: August 2024

Abstract. One of the consequences of the pandemic is that throughout 2020 virtual interactions largely replaced face-to-face interactions. Though there are few studies on how social media impacts body image perception across genders, research suggests that socializing through a virtual self-body image might have distinct implications for men and women. We examined whether type of social pressure and body-ideal (by administering the SATAQ-4R questionnaire) exert distinct pressures on members of the X, Y, and Z generations. Media pressure affected body image satisfaction significantly more than other kinds of social pressure across genders and generations, with young males reporting a higher impact compared to older males. Males experienced more pressure to be muscular and women to have a generally attractive body, especially for the younger generation. Future research should focus on social media as a potential intervention tool for the detection and prevention of body image disorders in both young female and male adults.
E-Learning using Web 4.0
Authors: Tejas S. Yadav Tejas S. Yadav
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This paper investigates the integration of Web 4.0 technologies into e-learning platforms, aiming to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of online education. With the advent of Web 4.0, characterized by advanced semantic capabilities, ubiquitous connectivity, and intelligent data processing, e-learning experiences have the potential to become more personalized, interactive, and engaging. This research paper explores the theoretical foundations, technological components, implementation challenges, and potential benefits of leveraging Web 4.0 in e- learning environments. Additionally, it discusses various case studies and examples to illustrate the practical applications and future directions of this innovative approach to online education
A Short Review on Nutritional Management of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Barde Ms. Sonal R.
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Amyloid-(A) protein is densely deposited in the brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition that also causes memory loss and dementia. There is neuronal destruction and deterioration of neural connections in the cerebral cortex region of the brain in Alzheimer's disease, as well as significant loss of brain mass. It is critical to review medication history, family history, and symptoms when diagnosing Alzheimer's dementia. Alzheimer's disease symptoms usually appear after the age of 65, but the types of Alzheimer disease that run-in families occur earlier. When Alzheimer's disease progresses to its later stages, a person's physical functioning is frequently impacted. This can manifest as problems with balance or weakness, as well as swallowing difficulties; all of these symptoms may have serious consequences. There is overwhelming evidence that suggests dietary factors may contribute to the onset of Alzheimer's disease and aging- related cognitive decline. Nutrition and diet are therefore crucial in reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease. The brain may be protected from oxidative and inflammatory damage by dietary supplements of antioxidants, polyunsaturated fatty acids, B complex vitamins, essential minerals, and polyphenols, according to epidemiological research. This review mainly focuses on nutritional management of Alzheimer disease.
Impact of Rapid Urbanization and Encroachment on the Major Lakes of Chennai: A Spatial Analysis
Authors: F Imrana Banu
Published: August 2024

Abstract: The rapid urbanization and encroachment in Chennai have significantly impacted five major lakes from 1972 to 2019. By overlaying historical lake boundaries from 1972 toposheets onto 2019 satellite images, substantial reductions in lake areas due to urban expansion are revealed. The lakes analyzed include Ambattur, Velachery, Korattur, Perungudi, and Rettai Eri. Velachery Lake is the most affected, retaining only 24.78% of its original area, with 75.22% encroached upon. Ambattur Lake has 60.27% of its area remaining, while 39.73% is encroached. Korattur Lake remains largely intact with 95.75% of its original area preserved and only 4.25% encroached. Perungudi Lake shows 74.41% remaining area and 25.59% encroachment. Rettai Eri Lake retains 60.99% of its original area with 39.01% encroached. These findings underscore the urgent need for effective urban planning and stringent regulatory measures to protect and restore these critical water bodies. The data-driven insights provided can inform policymakers and urban planners to devise strategies aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of encroachment, ensuring the sustainable management and ecological integrity of Chennai's lake ecosystems.