bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dreaming conundrum
Authors: Mutti Carlotta , Siclari Francesca , Rosenzweig Ivana
Published: October 2024

Dreaming, a common yet mysterious cognitive phenomenon, is an involuntary process experienced by individuals during sleep. Although the fascination with dreams dates back to ancient times and gained therapeutic significance through psychoanalysis in the early twentieth century, its scientific investigation only gained momentum with the discovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the 1950s. This review synthesises current research on the neurobiological and psychological aspects of dreaming, including factors influencing dream recall and content, neurophysiological correlates, and experimental models, and discusses the implications for clinical practice.
Divergent Flowering Time Responses to Increasing Temperatures Are Associated With Transcriptome Plasticity and Epigenetic Modification Differences at FLC Promoter Region of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Han Yu , Liu Li , Lei Mengyu , Liu Wei , Si Huan , Ji Yan , Du Qiao , Zhu Mingjia , Zhang Wenjia , Dai Yifei , Liu Jianquan , Zan Yanjun
Published: October 2024

Understanding the genetic, and transcriptomic changes that drive the phenotypic plasticity of fitness traits is a central question in evolutionary biology. In this study, we utilised 152 natural Swedish Arabidopsis thaliana accessions with re‐sequenced genomes, transcriptomes and methylomes and measured flowering times (FTs) under two temperature conditions (10°C and 16°C) to address this question. We revealed that the northern accessions exhibited advanced flowering in response to decreased temperature, whereas the southern accessions delayed their flowering, indicating a divergent flowering response. This contrast in flowering responses was associated with the isothermality of their native ranges, which potentially enables the northern accessions to complete their life cycle more rapidly in years with shorter growth seasons. At the transcriptome level, we observed extensive rewiring of gene co‐expression networks, with the expression of 25 core genes being associated with the mean FT and its plastic variation. Notably, variations in FLC expression sensitivity between northern and southern accessions were found to be associated with the divergence FT response. Further analysis suggests that FLC expression sensitivity is associated with differences in CG, CHG and CHH methylation at the promoter region. Overall, our study revealed the association between transcriptome plasticity and flowering time plasticity among different accessions, providing evidence for its relevance in ecological adaptation. These findings offer deeper insights into the genetics of rapid responses to environmental changes and ecological adaptation.
Going to work sick: A scoping review of illness presenteeism among physicians and medical trainees
Authors: Madrazo Lorenzo , Choo‐Foo Jade , Yu Wenhui , LaDonna Kori A. , Domecq Marie‐Cécile , Humphrey‐Murto Susan
Published: October 2024

Background

Illness presenteeism (IP)—characterized by individuals working despite being sick—is a prevalent and complex phenomenon among physicians and trainees amidst competing priorities within medicine. The COVID‐19 pandemic and growing attention to physician and trainee well‐being have sparked renewed interest in IP. We conducted a scoping review to explore what is known about IP: more specifically, how IP is perceived, what approaches have been used to study the phenomenon and how it might have changed through the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Method

The Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework was used to systematically select and summarize the literature. Searches were conducted across four databases: Medline, Embase, PsycInfo and Web of Science. Quantitative and thematic analyses were conducted.

Results

Of 4277 articles screened, 45 were included. Of these, four were published after the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic. All studies framed IP as problematic for physicians, patients and health care systems. Dominant sociocultural drivers of IP included obligations towards patients and colleagues and avoiding the stigma of appearing vulnerable or even temporarily weak. Structural factors included heavy workload, poor access to health services and lack of sick leave policies for physicians. The pandemic does not appear to have affected IP‐related causes or behaviours. Proposed solutions included both educational interventions and policy‐driven changes.

Conclusions

Despite being viewed in the literature as largely negative, IP remains highly prevalent among physicians and trainees. Our review highlights that IP among physicians is fraught with tensions: while IP seemingly contradicts certain priorities such as physician wellbeing, IP may be justified by fulfilling obligations to patients and colleagues. Future work should examine IP through diverse theoretical lenses to further elucidate its complexities and inform nuanced individual and systems‐level interventions to minimize the negative consequences of IP.
A machine vision‐based intelligent segmentation method for dam underwater cracks using swarm optimization algorithm and deep learning
Authors: Zhu Yantao , Niu Xinqiang , Tian Jinzhang
Published: October 2024

Ensuring the safety of water networks is a research hotspot in the current water conservancy industry, and dams are an important part. However, over time, the dam is prone to varying degrees of aging and disease, most of which are structural cracks. If they cannot be discovered and repaired in time, the normal operation of the dam will be affected, and even catastrophic accidents such as dam failure will occur. However, complex backgrounds and blurred images can easily lead to misjudgments by machine vision detection models, and high‐efficiency and accurate detection and evaluation technology are urgently needed. This paper combines the deep semantic segmentation network and the model hyperparameters optimization algorithm to propose a data‐intelligent perception method of dam underwater cracks driven by knowledge coupling. Taking the underwater detection of a concrete face rockfill dam as an example, the effectiveness of the model is verified by using the underwater vehicle as the carrier. Experimental results indicate that the developed method achieves an intersection‐union ratio of 0.9301, a precision rate of 0.9678, a precision rate of 0.9472, and a recall rate of 0.9577 in the test set. This shows that the constructed method has a high crack fine detection performance. In addition, the developed method has better segmentation performance in different complex underwater crack scenes, which further illustrates the high performance of the developed method.
Effect of Different Injury Morphology of the Endplate on Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yu Qiuyu , Chen Kang , Guo Zhongyi , Han Yaozheng , Su Lintao , Lei Changyu , Ma Jun , Kang Hui
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To describe a simplified classification scheme for endplate injury morphology based on 3D CT and to examine possible associations between endplate injury morphology and vertebral space and other variables such as type of fracture and disc degeneration in a group of patients with thoracolumbar fractures.

Methods

This study was a retrospective cohort study. We collected patients with thoracolumbar fractures admitted from January 2015 to August 2020 and divided them into three groups based on the morphology of endplate injury (45 cases of mild endplate injury, 54 cases of moderate endplate injury, and 42 cases of severe endplate injury, SEI). Data of vertebral body and intervertebral space height and angle, the Pfirrmann grade, endplate healing morphology were collected during preoperative, postoperative, and long‐term follow‐up of patients in each group. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi‐squared test, and repeated measurement ANOVA were used to compare and analyze the influence of endplate injury morphology on patient prognosis.

Results

Most moderate injuries to the endplate (fissure‐type injury) and severe injuries (irregular depression‐type injury, Schmorl's node‐type injury) resulted in significant disc degeneration in the long‐term transition. This study also showed significant differences in the height of the anterior margin of the injured spine and the intervertebral space height index during this process.

Conclusions

The current study suggests that although the region of injury in endplate fissure‐type injury is small preoperatively, it may be a major factor in leading to severe disc degeneration, loss of intervertebral height, and Cobb angle in the long term. The results of our study therefore may allow surgeons to predict the prognosis of patients with thoracolumbar fractures and guide their treatment.
Integration of Mitoflash and Time‐Series Transcriptomics Facilitates Energy Dynamics Tracking and Substrate Supply Analysis of Floral Thermogenesis in Lotus
Authors: Yu Miao , Wang Siqin , Gu Ge , Shi Tian‐Le , Zhang Jin , Jia Yaping , Ma Qi , Porth Ilga , Mao Jian‐Feng , Wang Ruohan
Published: October 2024

The high biosynthetic and energetic demands of floral thermogenesis render thermogenic plants the ideal systems to characterize energy metabolism in plants, but real‐time tracking of energy metabolism in plant cells remains challenging. In this study, a new method was developed for tracking the mitochondrial energy metabolism at the single mitochondria level by real‐time imaging of mitochondrial superoxide production (i.e., mitoflash). Using this method, we observed the increased mitoflash frequencies in the receptacles of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. at the thermogenic stages. This increase, combined with the higher expression of antioxidant response‐related genes identified through time‐series transcriptomics at the same stages, shows us a new regulatory mechanism for plant redox balance. Furthermore, we found that the upregulation of respiratory metabolism‐related genes during the thermogenic stages not only correlates with changes in mitoflash frequency but also underscores the critical roles of these pathways in ensuring adequate substrate supply for thermogenesis. Metabolite analysis revealed that sugars are likely one of the substrates for thermogenesis and may be transported over long distances by sugar transporters. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that mitoflash is a reliable tool for tracking energy metabolism in thermogenic plants and contributes to our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying floral thermogenesis.
Evolution and architecture of an exhumed ocean‐facing coarse‐grained submarine canyon fill, Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Bouwmeester Max J. , Kane Ian A. , Hodgson David M. , Flint Stephen S. , Taylor William J. , Soutter Euan L. , McArthur Adam D. , Poyatos‐Moré Miquel , Marsh Joshua , Keavney Ed , Brunt Rufus L. , Valdez‐Buso Victoria
Published: October 2024

Present day submarine canyons are active conduits for the transfer of large volumes of sediment, carbon and pollutants from continents to oceans. However, the evolution of submarine canyons over geological timescales remains poorly understood due to their erosional nature and low preservation potential. The Late Cretaceous Punta Baja Formation represents a well‐preserved submarine canyon‐fill that evolved on a tectonically‐active ocean‐facing margin. Exposures provide kilometre‐scale continuous strike and dip sections of the 120 m thick and 1.2 km wide feature. An inherited tectonic fabric influenced the location and orientation of canyon incision into fluvial bedrock. The stratigraphic evolution of the Punta Baja submarine canyon is reconstructed from incision to fill, which shows that it remained an active sediment conduit throughout the time represented by the preserved fill. The depositional architecture of the north–south oriented erosionally confined canyon‐fill is asymmetrical, with sub‐vertically stacked channel‐fills to the west, and an overbank confined by the canyon margin to the east. Sedimentary process interactions led to depositional patterns that are considered distinct to submarine canyon fills. Dynamic topography generated by mass‐wasting processes captured sediment and drove knickpoint development, an autogenic mechanism that modifies sediment delivery to the ocean floor. Widespread upstream dipping surfaces in channel‐fills are interpreted as the stratigraphic expression of upstream migrating supercritical‐flow bedforms, which played an important role in sediment storage and transport in the canyon. The steep relief and internal topography of canyons leads to complicated and characteristic confined overbank flow behaviour and depositional patterns. This study provides insight into how processes that are observed in modern canyons are selectively preserved through the lifetime of the canyon and construct or destroy stratigraphy on geological timescales.
Ubiquitin ligase signalling networks shape presynaptic development, function and disease
Authors: Borgen Melissa , Grill Brock
Published: October 2024

Ubiquitin ligases are important regulators of nervous system development, function and disease. To date, numerous ubiquitin ligases have been discovered that regulate presynaptic biology. Here, we discuss recent findings on presynaptic ubiquitin ligases that include members from the three major ubiquitin ligase classes: RING, RBR and HECT. Several themes emerge based on findings across a range of model systems. A cadre of ubiquitin ligases is required presynaptically to orchestrate development and transmission at synapses. Multiple ubiquitin ligases deploy both enzymatic and non‐enzymatic mechanisms, and act as hubs for signalling networks at the synapse. Both excitatory and inhibitory presynaptic terminals are influenced by ligase activity. Finally, there are several neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases associated with presynaptic ubiquitin ligases. These findings highlight the growing prominence and biomedical relevance of the presynaptic ubiquitin ligase network.

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DNA BARCODING OF THE GENUS TULIPA (LILIACEAE) IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Sutula M. , Kakanay A. , Manabayeva Sh.
Published: October 2024

DNA barcoding is a reliable and effective tool for analyzing genetic and species diversity. Three plastid genetic markers (rbcL, psbA-trnH, matK) and one nuclear marker (ITS) were amplified with universal primers for species diversity and phylogenetic analysis of eight species including T. greigii, T. kaufmanniana, T. turkestanica, T. bifloriformis, T. patens, T. dubia, T. alberti, T. schrenkii across subgenera Tulipa and Eriostemones in Kazakhstan. DNA samples were obtained from fresh leaves of plants collected from various protected areas of Kazakhstan, and subsequently subjected to PCR, sequencing and deep phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian models for calculating posterior probabilities. Phylogenetic trees generated based on data obtained from individual markers accurately divided the samples into clades representing the subgenera Eriostemones and Tulipa. The ITS marker gave the most reliable results, followed by matK and rbcL; psbA-trnH was the least informative. These finding highlight the importance of using DNA-barcoding markers for comprehensive phylogenetic analysis, and contribute to understanding the genetic diversity and conservation of the Tulipa genus in Kazakhstan.
SELECTION OF STRONG POSITIVE SERUM SAMPLES FROM CATTLE INFECTED WITH BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA
Authors: Bashenova E.E. , Nissanova R.K. , Zharmukhametova A.Zh. , Akshalova P.B. , Serikov M.S. , Mamanova S.B. , Kirpichenko V.V.
Published: October 2024

Viral diarrhoea is one of the most common and economically important diseases in cattle, causing significant losses in productivity and increased mortality in young livestock. Effective diagnosis of the disease requires the use of standardised sera that ensure high accuracy and reproducibility of laboratory results. Selection of sera to obtain standard sera for the diagnosis of bovine viral diarrhea represents a key challenge in the development of a standard sera panel. During monitoring in some regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty, Mangistau, Karaganda, Turkistan oblasts) 399 samples of biomaterial from cattle were collected in private subsidiary farms and serological method of research was applied. In a serological test, specific diarrhea virus antibodies were detected in 310 serum samples. Comparative studies of sensitivity and stability of the  positive sera with positive standard serum from the kit (ID Vet) were performed. During selection of sera, several factors were determined: specificity and sensitivity of the sera used, with consideration of the peculiarities of the epizootic situation in the region. This research work culminates in the production of a positive serum for the candidate from field-derived natural BVDV disease infections, and shortens the production cycle and saves costs.
INDICATION, IDENTIFICATION AND INACTIVATION SALMONELLA ABORTUS-OVIS
Authors: Mussayeva А.К. , Egorova N.N. , Yerishov M.O. , Tlepov A.A. , Kassenov M.M.
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of identification of an epizootic culture of Salmonella abortus-ovis (A) 58 isolated from  parenchymatous organs of an aborted ovine fetus, inv. No. KZH 210397333, delivered from the village of Senokosnoye, Osakarovsky district, Karaganda region. To isolate a pure culture of salmonella from pathological material from the abort fetus of a ovine, the method of stepwise selection of colonies according to Drigalsky was used. The identification of the isolated culture was carried out on the basis of studying the cultural-morphological, biochemical, and antigenic properties of Salmonella abortus-ovis culture (A) 58. The culture was agglutinated with polyvalent and monoreceptor salmonella sera. According to the results of typing in AR, the culture isolated from the aborted ovine fetus was assigned to the genus Salmonella, the species abortus-ovis, serological group B. The article presents the results of experiments to optimization the process of salmonella cultivation. The passive matrix cultures of salmonella of the second generation in the exponential growth phase were used to cultivate the epizootic S. abortus-ovis (A) 58 strain. Periodic cultivation of salmonella ensured the physiologically active state of the culture, an increase in the maximum growth rate, a reduction in lag phase and a minimum generation time. The salmonella inactivation regime has been worked out, followed by seeding into liquid and dense nutrient media to determine the completeness of inactivation. It was found that effective inactivants are  10% solution of dimerethylenimine (DEI) and a 10% solution of formalin. The article presents the conditions of reactivation and cultivation of the S. abortus—ovis strain (A) 58.
Creation of de novo cryptic splicing for ALS and FTD precision medicine
Authors: Wilkins Oscar G. , Chien Max Z. Y. J. , Wlaschin Josette J. , Barattucci Simone , Harley Peter , Mattedi Francesca , Mehta Puja R. , Pisliakova Maria , Ryadnov Eugeni , Keuss Matthew J. , Thompson David , Digby Holly , Knez Lea , Simkin Rebecca L. , Diaz Juan Antinao , Zanovello Matteo , Brown Anna-Leigh , Darbey Annalucia , Karda Rajvinder , Fisher Elizabeth M. C. , Cunningham Thomas J. , Le Pichon Claire E. , Ule Jernej , Fratta Pietro
Published: October 2024

Loss of function of the RNA-binding protein TDP-43 (TDP-LOF) is a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Here we describe TDP-REG, which exploits the specificity of cryptic splicing induced by TDP-LOF to drive protein expression when and where the disease process occurs. The SpliceNouveau algorithm combines deep learning with rational design to generate customizable cryptic splicing events within protein-coding sequences. We demonstrate that expression of TDP-REG reporters is tightly coupled to TDP-LOF in vitro and in vivo. TDP-REG enables genomic prime editing to ablate the UNC13A cryptic donor splice site specifically upon TDP-LOF. Finally, we design TDP-REG vectors encoding a TDP-43/Raver1 fusion protein that rescues key pathological cryptic splicing events, paving the way for the development of precision therapies for TDP43-related disorders.
Relocalizing transcriptional kinases to activate apoptosis
Authors: Sarott Roman C. , Gourisankar Sai , Karim Basel , Nettles Sabin , Yang Haopeng , Dwyer Brendan G. , Simanauskaite Juste M. , Tse Jason , Abuzaid Hind , Krokhotin Andrey , Zhang Tinghu , Hinshaw Stephen M. , Green Michael R. , Crabtree Gerald R. , Gray Nathanael S.
Published: October 2024

Kinases are critical regulators of cellular function that are commonly implicated in the mechanisms underlying disease. Most drugs that target kinases are molecules that inhibit their catalytic activity, but here we used chemically induced proximity to convert kinase inhibitors into activators of therapeutic genes. We synthesized bivalent molecules that link ligands of the transcription factor B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) to inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). These molecules relocalized CDK9 to BCL6-bound DNA and directed phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II. The resulting expression of pro-apoptotic, BCL6-target genes caused killing of diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells and specific ablation of the BCL6-regulated germinal center response. Genomics and proteomics corroborated a gain-of-function mechanism in which global kinase activity was not inhibited but rather redirected. Thus, kinase inhibitors can be used to context-specifically activate transcription.
Observing the evolution of the Sun’s global coronal magnetic field over 8 months
Authors: Yang Zihao , Tian Hui , Tomczyk Steven , Liu Xianyu , Gibson Sarah , Morton Richard J. , Downs Cooper
Published: October 2024

The magnetic field in the Sun’s corona stores energy that can be released to heat plasma and drive solar eruptions. Measurements of the global coronal magnetic field have been limited to several snapshots. In this work, we present observations, using the Upgraded Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter, that provide 114 magnetograms of the global corona above the solar limb spanning ~8 months. We determined the magnetic field distribution with altitude in the corona and monitored the evolution at different latitudes over multiple solar rotations. The field strength between 1.05 and 1.60 solar radii varies from <1 to ~20 gauss. A signature of active longitudes appears in the coronal magnetic field measurements. Coronal models are generally consistent with our observations, though they have larger discrepancies in high-latitude regions.
Regulators, mount up
Authors: Zeng Yi , Gitler Aaron D.
Published: October 2024

Cryptic exons enable delivery of therapies only to sick neurons in a motor neuron disease
In Science Journals
Authors: Vignieri Sacha , Smith Keith T. , Ash Caroline , Grocholski Brent , Smith Jesse , Charneski Catherine , Lopez Bianca , Ferrarelli Leslie K. , Ray L. Bryan , Kelly Priscilla N. , Jiang Di , Yeston Jake S. , Maroso Mattia , Simonti Corinne , Fogg Christiana N.
Published: October 2024

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
Spanish rector accused of inflating citation count
Authors: O’Grady Cathleen
Published: October 2024

Dozens of Springer Nature papers flagged for excessively citing Juan Manuel Corchado
Asteroid impact may have prompted ants to ‘farm’ fungi
Authors: Remmel Ariana
Published: October 2024

Iconic mutualistic relationship likely arose in decaying plant matter after the cataclysm 66 million years ago
Microbiome-based treatment helps ease severe malnutrition
Authors: Pennisi Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

Study in Bangladeshi children builds on earlier trials of food that supports beneficial gut bacteria
Recent advances in the influenza virus vaccine landscape: a comprehensive overview of technologies and trials
Authors: Clark Tristan W. , Tregoning John S. , Lister Helen , Poletti Tiziano , Amin Femy , Nguyen-Van-Tam Jonathan S.
Published: October 2024

In the United Kingdom (UK) in 2022/23, influenza virus infections returned to the levels recorded before the COVID-19 pandemic, exerting a substantial burden on an already stretched National Health Service (NHS) through increased primary and emergency care visits and subsequent hospitalizations. Population groups ≤4 years and ≥65 years of age, and those with underlying health conditions, are at the greatest risk of influenza-related hospitalization. Recent advances in influenza virus vaccine technologies may help to mitigate this burden. This review aims to summarize advances in the influenza virus vaccine landscape by describing the different technologies that are currently in use in the UK and more widely. The review also describes vaccine technologies that are under development, including mRNA, and universal influenza virus vaccines which aim to provide broader or increased protection. This is an exciting and important era for influenza virus vaccinations, and advances are critical to protect against a disease that still exerts a substantial burden across all populations and disproportionately impacts the most vulnerable, despite it being over 80 years since the first influenza virus vaccines were deployed.
Toward better cures for
Mycobacterium abscessus
lung disease
Authors: Dartois Véronique , Dick Thomas
Published: October 2024

The opportunistic pathogen
Mycobacterium abscessus
(Mab) causes fatal lung infections that bear similarities—and notable differences—with tuberculosis (TB) pulmonary disease. In contrast to TB, no antibiotic is formally approved to treat Mab disease, there is no reliable cure, and the discovery and development pipeline is incredibly thin. Here, we discuss the factors behind the unsatisfactory cure rates of Mab disease, namely intrinsic resistance and persistence of the pathogen, and the use of underperforming, often parenteral and toxic, repurposed drugs. We propose preclinical strategies to build injectable-free sterilizing and safe regimens: (i) prioritize oral bactericidal antibiotic classes, with an initial focus on approved agents or advanced clinical candidates to provide immediate options for desperate patients, (ii) test drug combinations early, (iii) optimize novel leads specifically for
M. abscessus
, and (iv) consider pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic targets at the site of disease, the lung lesions in which drug tolerant bacterial populations reside. Knowledge and tool gaps in the preclinical drug discovery process are identified, including validated mouse models and computational platforms to enable
in vitro
mouse-human translation. We briefly discuss recent advances in clinical development, the need for readouts and biomarkers that correlate with cure, and clinical trial concepts adapted to the uniqueness of Mab patient populations for new regimen development. In an era when most pharmaceutical firms have withdrawn from antimicrobial drug discovery, the breakthroughs needed to fill the regimen development pipeline will likely come from partnerships between academia, biotech, pharma, non-profit organizations, and governments, with incentives that reward cooperation.
Supplemental Material: The development of a pull-apart basin in response to collision of the irregular South China continental margin with Indochina
Authors: Ma Si-Yuan , al. et
Published: October 2024

Table S1: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results for Lopingian Pengjiu Formation in the Shiwandashan basin. Figure S1: Photomicrographs of representative detrital zircon grains in distinct age populations. 
Potential for advances in data linkage and data science to support injury prevention research
Authors: Lyons Ronan A , Gabbe Belinda J , Vallmuur Kirsten
Published: October 2024

The recent COVID-19 pandemic stimulated unprecedented linkage of datasets worldwide, and while injury is endemic rather than pandemic, there is much to be learned by the injury prevention community from the data science approaches taken to respond to the pandemic to support research into the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of injuries. The use of routinely collected data to produce real-world evidence, as an alternative to clinical trials, has been gaining in popularity as the availability and quality of digital health platforms grow and the linkage landscape, and the analytics required to make best use of linked and unstructured data, is rapidly evolving. Capitalising on existing data sources, innovative linkage and advanced analytic approaches provides the opportunity to undertake novel injury prevention research and generate new knowledge, while avoiding data waste and additional burden to participants. We provide a tangible, but not exhaustive, list of examples showing the breadth and value of data linkage, along with the emerging capabilities of natural language processing techniques to enhance injury research. To optimise data science approaches to injury prevention, injury researchers in this area need to share methods, code, models and tools to improve consistence and efficiencies in this field. Increased collaboration between injury prevention researchers and data scientists working on population data linkage systems has much to offer this field of research.
Canadian College of Medical Geneticists: clinical practice advisory document – responsibility to recontact for reinterpretation of clinical genetic testing
Authors: Goh Elaine Suk-Ying , Chad Lauren , Richer Julie , Bombard Yvonne , Mighton Chloe , Agatep Ron , Lacaria Melanie , Penny Blaine , Thomas Mary Ann , Zawati Ma'n H , MacFarlane Julie , Laberge Anne-Marie , Nelson Tanya N
Published: October 2024

Background

Advances in technology and knowledge have facilitated both an increase in the number of patient variants reported and variants reclassified. While there is currently no duty to recontact for reclassified genetic variants, there may be a responsibility. The purpose of this clinical practice advisory document is to provide healthcare practitioners guidance for recontact of previously identified and classified variants, suggest methods for recontact, and principles to consider, taking account patient safety, feasibility, ethical considerations, health service capacity and resource constraints. The target audience are practitioners who order genetic testing, follow patients who have undergone genetic testing and those analysing and reporting genetic testing.

Methods

A multidisciplinary group of laboratory and ordering clinicians, patient representatives, ethics and legal researchers and a genetic counsellor from the Canadian Association of Genetic Counsellors reviewed the existing literature and guidelines on responsibility to recontact in a clinical context to make recommendations. Comments were collected from the Canadian College of Medical Geneticists (CCMG) Education, Ethics, and Public Policy, Clinical Practice and Laboratory Practice committees, and the membership at large.

Results

Following incorporation of feedback, and external review by the Canadian Association of Genetic Counsellors and patient groups, the document was approved by the CCMG Board of Directors. The CCMG is the Canadian organisation responsible for certifying laboratory and medical geneticists who provide medical genetics services, and for establishing professional and ethical standards for clinical genetics services in Canada.

Conclusion

The document describes the ethical and practical factors and suggests a shared responsibility between patients, ordering clinician and laboratory practitioners.
Conception of Smartness: A Design Research on User Experience of Smart Artifacts
Authors: Çelebi Gizem , Özemir F. Pınar
Published: October 2024

The domestication of smart artifacts has transformed our homes into hybrid environments of physical and digital worlds. It also has been changing our mindsets, behaviors, meaning attributions to, expectations from, frustrations about, and interactions with smart artifacts. By extension, the smartness definition is reconstructed by users who are the subject of smart artifact experiences. The current study is aimed at uncovering the user experience of smart artifacts with a focus on cognitive and emotional aspects to better understand what users expect when an artifact is identified as “smart.” Therefore, an online research study is conducted to gain insight into the user experience of smart artifacts from content‐rich reviews on e‐commerce websites. Robot vacuum cleaners, smartwatches, and smart speakers were chosen as exemplary smart artifacts of the study. Because they offer different types of interaction with distinct aspects, our findings indicate that smartness is associated with trust in expertise, emotional engagement, exaggerated evaluation, and intriguing existence concepts about Emotional UX. In Cognitive UX, smartness relates to reducing mental workload, gratifying experience, perceived phenotype, reciprocal acquaintance, trust‐building experience, tailored situatedness, shaping sociality, physical competency, and dual enhancement concepts. These findings demonstrate the potential of conceptualization in the early stages of smart artifact design processes.
Delineating the Immunotherapeutic Potential of Vitamin E and Its Analogues in Cancer: A Comprehensive Narrative Review
Authors: Morgan Nevvin Raaj , Ramdas Premdass , Bhuvanendran Saatheeyavaane , Radhakrishnan Ammu Kutty
Published: October 2024

Cancer is a disease resulting from uncontrolled cell division, which significantly contributes to human mortality rates. An alternative approach to cancer treatment, such as cancer immunotherapy, is needed as the existing chemotherapy and radiotherapy approaches target the cancer cells and healthy dividing cells. Vitamin E is a plant‐derived lipid‐soluble antioxidant with numerous health‐promoting benefits, including anticancer and immunomodulatory properties. Vitamin E comprises eight natural isoforms: tocopherols (α, β, δ, and γ) and tocotrienols (α, β, δ, and γ). While initial research focused on the anticancer properties of α‐tocopherol, there is growing interest in other natural forms and modified synthetic analogues of vitamin E due to their unique properties and enhanced anticancer effects. Hence, this review is aimed at outlining the effect of vitamin E and its analogues at various steps of the cancer‐immunity cycle that can be used to stimulate anticancer immune responses.
Utilizing Entropy to Systematically Quantify the Resting‐Condition Baroreflex Regulation Function
Authors: Li Bo-Yuan , Li Xiao-Yang , Lu Xia , Kang Rui , Tian Zhao-Xing , Ling Feng
Published: October 2024

Baroreflex is critical to maintain blood pressure homeostasis, and the quantification of baroreflex regulation function (BRF) can provide guidance for disease diagnosis, treatment, and healthcare. Current quantification of BRF such as baroreflex sensitivity cannot represent BRF systematically. From the perspective of complex systems, we regard that BRF is the emergence result of fluctuate states and interactions in physiological mechanisms. Therefore, the three‐layer emergence is studied in this work, which is from physiological mechanisms to physiological indexes and then to BRF. On this basis, since the entropy in statistical physics macroscopically measures the fluctuations of system’s states, in this work, the principle of maximum entropy is adopted, and a new index called PhysioEnt is proposed to quantify the fluctuations of four physiological indexes, i.e., baroreflex sensitivity, heart rate, heart rate variability, and systolic blood pressure, which aims to represent BRF in the resting condition. Further, two datasets with different subjects are analyzed, and some new findings can be obtained, such as the contributions of the physiological interactions among organs/tissues. With measurable indexes, the proposed method is expected to support individualized medicine.
Visualization, Dynamicity, and Collaborative Networking of Scientific Production on Visible Light and Skin Aging: A Scientometric Analysis
Authors: Espinoza-Carhuancho Fran , Quispe-Vicuña Carlos , Mauricio-Vilchez Cesar , Galarza-Valencia Diego , Medina Julia , Pacheco-Mendoza Josmel , Mayta-Tovalino Frank
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this is to examine the visualization, dynamicity, and collaborative networking of scientific production on visible light (VL) and skin aging through scientometric analysis.

Materials and Methods: This research consisted of a cross‐sectional and descriptive design with a scientometric approach that examined the publication trends and collaborative patterns among authors and institutions from 2018 to 2023. A comprehensive search strategy was also employed by using specific keywords related to VL and skin aging. In this case, several indicators were employed, including scholarly output, view count, field‐weighted citation impact (FWCI), and citation count. The analyses were performed by using SciVal software and R Studio version 4.3.2.

Results: A total of 180 sources were identified, with 280 documents generated, indicating an annual growth rate of 6.72%. The documents, averaging 3.25 years in age, received an average of 12.14 citations, revealing their impact. Additionally, collaborations were evident, with a ratio of 5.6 coauthors per paper and 25.71% consisting of international collaborations. In terms of institutions, there were notable disparities in scholarly activities and impact metrics, highlighting the diversity of the research landscape. Meanwhile, journals, such as Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, revealed a substantial impact (FWCI 2.05). Overall, the impact of the journals showed a general upward trend, reflecting dynamicity and variability over time.

Conclusion: An annual growth rate of 6.72% was found, with 180 sources and 280 papers on VL and skin aging. Moreover, international collaborations, the positive impact in leading journals, and the distribution patterns identified through scientometric laws underscored the vitality and complexity of the field. These results offer valuable insights into guiding future research in this multidisciplinary field.
The Effect of Exposure to Mobile Phones on Electrical Cardiac Measurements: A Multivariate Analysis and a Variable Selection Algorithm to Detect the Relationship With Mean Changes
Authors: Alharbi Nader , Alassiri Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Background: The exponential growth in mobile phone usage has raised concerns about electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure and its health risks. Blood pressure and BMI, which impair heart function due to decreased adrenoreceptor responsiveness, parasympathetic tone withdrawal, and increased sympathetic activity, may further exacerbate these risks. However, the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic (RF‐EM) exposure from mobile phones on electrocardiograms (ECGs) and heart rate variability (HRV) in individuals remain unclear.

Purpose: Building upon our previous findings on HRV changes due to mobile phone proximity, this study is aimed at significantly enhancing the analytical approach used to assess the effects of mobile phones on cardiac parameters. This study exploits data from a previous study but with a different purpose. The aim of this study is twofold: (a) to examine whether exposure to mobile phones changes the five variables (P‐R, QRS, QT, ST, and HR) in a multivariate manner and (b) to examine whether the blood pressure and/or the body mass index (BMI), which acts as a proxy for obesity, have an effect on the change of these five variables. For both aspects of the study, four cycles are performed.

Method: We conducted multivariate analysis on previously collected electrical cardiac measurement data from 20 healthy male subjects exposed to mobile phone EMF, with the mobile phones placed at four different body locations. The one‐sample Hotelling T2 test on the mean vector of differences was utilised instead of multiple paired t‐tests. This multivariate method comprehensively analyzes data features and accounts for variable correlations, unlike multiple univariate analyses. Given our small sample size, we employed the MMPC variable selection algorithm to identify predictor variables significantly related to mean changes.

Results: Significant alterations in ECG intervals and heart rate were noted in the subjects before and after the first EMF exposure cycle, independent of their BMI. Notably, heart rate, P‐R, and QRS intervals fell postexposure while QT and ST intervals increased. These changes were influenced by variations in systolic blood pressure, with BMI showing no significant effect.

Conclusion: The observed modifications in cardiac electrical measurements due to mobile phone EMF exposure are attributed to the effects of EMF itself, with no impact from BMI on the extent of these changes.
Analysis of the Stockholm Public Health Cohort: Exploring How Ultraviolet Radiation and Other Factors Associate with Skin Cancer
Authors: Ivert Lina U. , Dal Henrik , Rodvall Ylva , Lindelöf Bernt
Published: October 2024

Objective. The primary aims of the study were to (1) explore the association of skin cancer and four ultraviolet radiation (UVR) indicators (sunbed use, healthcare data on diagnosed melanocytic nevi (MN) and actinic keratosis (AK), and latitude of birthplace), and (2) find factors other than UVR that could explain the increasing trend in incidence of skin cancers, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). Methods. This population‐based cohort study used self‐reported questionnaire data from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort, encompassing 103 questions, merged with data from Swedish national registers. The study population included almost 35,000 Swedish‐born people aged 30–66 years in 2014. Binomial logistic regression was employed for analysis. A forward stepwise regression was applied to select significant risk factors among all the factors included. We tentatively tested >30 variables separately for any relationship with each of the three skin cancers. A 5% level of significance was applied. Melanoma in situ and SCC in situ were excluded. Results. The four UVR‐related factors (sunbed use, being diagnosed with AK or MN, birthplace latitude) had a significant association with at least one of the three skin cancers that remained after adjustment including behavioural, social, hereditary, and medical factors. Sunbed use >10 times before age 30 years was related to all three skin cancers; SCC adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–2.47, CMM (aOR 1.57, 95% CI 1.11–2.22), and the clearest dose‐response association with BCC (aOR 1.74, 95% CI 1.46–2.06). None of the examined lifestyle factors, except physical activity, had any significant associations with UVR indicators or skin cancer. Conclusion. We did not find any preventable explanatory cause other than UVR exposure for the increasing incidence of skin cancers. This result remained when adjusting for an array of possible confounders including behavioural, social, hereditary, and medical factors.
A Novel Split‐Course High‐Dose Palliative Radiotherapy Regimen for Locally Advanced Sinonasal Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Aljabab Saif , Mohaimeed Amna , AlMomen Firas , AlSwailem Abdullah , Alayed Yasir
Published: October 2024

Sinonasal malignancies (SNMs) are rare heterogeneous malignancies that frequently present with locally advanced disease. The prognosis is poor when the disease is considered extensive and unresectable. In such cases, a high‐dose palliative radiotherapy regimen is often required, but the ideal dose and fractionation have not been established. We detail a 33‐year‐old male who initially presented with a progressively growing mass over the right cheek. A biopsy of the lesion revealed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Imaging revealed a very advanced and unresectable disease with the involvement of several head and neck subsites. He progressed further after receiving induction chemotherapy from an outside institution. The patient requested prompt tumor and symptom control to travel back to his home country. We offered him high‐dose split‐course palliative radiotherapy in the form of a quad Shot of 14.80 Gy in four fractions twice daily, followed by 30 Gy in five fractions every other day with a 2‐week interval. Treatment resulted in excellent clinical response with symptomatic relief in a short time, and the patient could travel back home safely.
Supplementary Fig. 6 from Tumor Vessel Normalization via PFKFB3 Inhibition Alleviates Hypoxia and Increases Tumor Necrosis in Rectal Cancer upon Radiotherapy
Authors: Edelmann Marcus , Fan Shuang , De Oliveira Tiago , Goldhardt Tina , Sartorius Dorothée , Midelashvili Teona , Conrads Karly , Paul Niels B. , Beißbarth Tim , Fleischer Johannes R. , Blume Moritz L. , Bohnenberger Hanibal , Josipovic Natasa , Papantonis Argyris , Linnebacher Michael , Dröge Leif H. , Ghadimi Michael , Rieken Stefan , Conradi Lena-Christin
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Fig. 6
Supplementary Fig. 4 from Tumor Vessel Normalization via PFKFB3 Inhibition Alleviates Hypoxia and Increases Tumor Necrosis in Rectal Cancer upon Radiotherapy
Authors: Edelmann Marcus , Fan Shuang , De Oliveira Tiago , Goldhardt Tina , Sartorius Dorothée , Midelashvili Teona , Conrads Karly , Paul Niels B. , Beißbarth Tim , Fleischer Johannes R. , Blume Moritz L. , Bohnenberger Hanibal , Josipovic Natasa , Papantonis Argyris , Linnebacher Michael , Dröge Leif H. , Ghadimi Michael , Rieken Stefan , Conradi Lena-Christin
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Fig. 4
Supplemental Table 5 from Hypophosphatemia Correction Reduces ICANS Incidence and Duration in CAR T-cell Therapy: A Pooled Clinical Trial Analysis
Authors: Tang Jack Pengfei , Lafeuille Penelope , Socolov Alexandru , Diamond Sheila S. , Aptekar Jacob , Moore Theodore B. , Nie Esther H. , Hanudel Mark R. , Nowicki Theodore S.
Published: October 2024

Correlation between ICANS, CRS, and various electrolyte derangements with categories of neurological adverse events reported in CAR T-cell recipients.
Supplemental Table 3 from Hypophosphatemia Correction Reduces ICANS Incidence and Duration in CAR T-cell Therapy: A Pooled Clinical Trial Analysis
Authors: Tang Jack Pengfei , Lafeuille Penelope , Socolov Alexandru , Diamond Sheila S. , Aptekar Jacob , Moore Theodore B. , Nie Esther H. , Hanudel Mark R. , Nowicki Theodore S.
Published: October 2024

Incidence of hypophosphatemia and ICANS in patients who developed CRS (n = 433).
Supplemental Table 2 from Hypophosphatemia Correction Reduces ICANS Incidence and Duration in CAR T-cell Therapy: A Pooled Clinical Trial Analysis
Authors: Tang Jack Pengfei , Lafeuille Penelope , Socolov Alexandru , Diamond Sheila S. , Aptekar Jacob , Moore Theodore B. , Nie Esther H. , Hanudel Mark R. , Nowicki Theodore S.
Published: October 2024

Range and interquartile range of nadir serum electrolyte values in patients with and without ICANS.
Supplemental Table 1 from Hypophosphatemia Correction Reduces ICANS Incidence and Duration in CAR T-cell Therapy: A Pooled Clinical Trial Analysis
Authors: Tang Jack Pengfei , Lafeuille Penelope , Socolov Alexandru , Diamond Sheila S. , Aptekar Jacob , Moore Theodore B. , Nie Esther H. , Hanudel Mark R. , Nowicki Theodore S.
Published: October 2024

Neurological adverse events included within each neurological adverse event category for CAR T-cell recipients.
Figure S2 from Hypophosphatemia Correction Reduces ICANS Incidence and Duration in CAR T-cell Therapy: A Pooled Clinical Trial Analysis
Authors: Tang Jack Pengfei , Lafeuille Penelope , Socolov Alexandru , Diamond Sheila S. , Aptekar Jacob , Moore Theodore B. , Nie Esther H. , Hanudel Mark R. , Nowicki Theodore S.
Published: October 2024

Figure S2. Trends in serum electrolyte concentrations following CAR T-cell infusion grouped by patient ICANS status.
Figure S1 from Hypophosphatemia Correction Reduces ICANS Incidence and Duration in CAR T-cell Therapy: A Pooled Clinical Trial Analysis
Authors: Tang Jack Pengfei , Lafeuille Penelope , Socolov Alexandru , Diamond Sheila S. , Aptekar Jacob , Moore Theodore B. , Nie Esther H. , Hanudel Mark R. , Nowicki Theodore S.
Published: October 2024

Figure S1. Nadir serum electrolyte concentrations grouped by patient ICANS status.