bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ON FACTORS AFFECTING TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN URBAN TRAFFIC: GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN ISSUE
Authors: Askarnia Masoud , Ghaffari Ali
Published: June 2022

This study aims to demonstrate the added value of the urban traffic control and its incorporation in the con-cept of Green in the Supply chain. We intend to consider the process of urban transport infrastructure and consider all infrastructural factors with a systemic perspective to examine the impact of these factors on minimizing the risk of urban accidents. The research data are gathered using questionnaires and interviews with experts in the field of traffic and transportation. In this research the effective factors in vehicle accidents were classified into four groups of Motive, Traffic function, Incident details and accident Prevention. Infrastructure components were also categorized into four categories that can be called the four sub-components: Roadways, Base preparations, Yards and stations and Develop-ment. Also, the priority of each component and their influence to each other are determined. According to research findings, improving transport infrastructure could reduce urban accidents and improve urban traffic.
IMPORTANCE OF DIGITAL SKILLS FOR COMPETITIVE LABOUR FORCE – CHALLENGES IN WORK-BASED LEARNING IN LATVIA
Authors: Buligina Ilze , Sloka Biruta
Published: June 2022

Digital skills are increasingly required in all fields of the national economy. This has become especially rel-evant in the today’s fast changing social developments and the recent unexpected conditions of pandemia. It requires also flexibility and innovation capacity of all involved stakeholders. The relevance of digital skills have been analysed by survey of vocational education managers, employers and students involved in work-based learning. The evaluation scale used was between 1–10 to ensure a more detailed comparison and analysis using indicators of descriptive sta-tistics and cross-tabulations. Conclusions among other indicate that digital skills for employees are seen almost of the same importance as the ability to co-operate and loyalty to the company, according to employer’s opinion.
CORPORATE SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
Authors: Davidavičienė Vida , Davidavičius Sigitas
Published: June 2022

CSE (Corporate Social Entrepreneurship) as a concept is relatively new, and the question is rising: to what extent academic research and practices are interested and involved by society. The EMBRACE team emphasized this concept in 2020 but still not much used and presented in the scientific community and practitioners. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the extent of interest in the CSE concept itself and to identify scientific research trends for the future. A lot of academic attention has been paid to corporate social responsibility. However, CSE as a new and innova-tive approach to business models must be explored in the context of recent scientific and economic environments. Sci-entific literature review, analysis, synthesis, and generalization were employed in parallel with systematic publications analysis using VOSviewer. The main contribution of the research is a broadened conceptualization of CSE, allowing a richer understanding of research needs.
Simulating Solar Near-surface Rossby Waves by Inverse Cascade from Supergranule Energy
Authors: Dikpati Mausumi , Gilman Peter A. , Guerrero Gustavo A. , Kosovichev Alexander G. , McIntosh Scott W. , Sreenivasan Katepalli. R. , Warnecke Jörn , Zaqarashvili Teimuraz V.
Published: June 2022

Rossby waves are found at several levels in the Sun, most recently in its supergranule layer. We show that Rossby waves in the supergranule layer can be excited by an inverse cascade of kinetic energy from the nearly horizontal motions in supergranules. We illustrate how this excitation occurs using a hydrodynamic shallow-water model for a 3D thin rotating spherical shell. We find that initial kinetic energy at small spatial scales inverse cascades quickly to global scales, exciting Rossby waves whose phase velocities are similar to linear Rossby waves on the sphere originally derived by Haurwitz. Modest departures from the Haurwitz formula originate from nonlinear finite amplitude effects and/or the presence of differential rotation. Like supergranules, the initial small-scale motions in our model contain very little vorticity compared to their horizontal divergence, but the resulting Rossby waves are almost all vortical motions. Supergranule kinetic energy could have mainly gone into gravity waves, but we find that most energy inverse cascades to global Rossby waves. Since kinetic energy in supergranules is three or four orders of magnitude larger than that of the observed Rossby waves in the supergranule layer, there is plenty of energy available to drive the inverse-cascade mechanism. Tachocline Rossby waves have previously been shown to play crucial roles in causing seasons of space weather through their nonlinear interactions with global flows and magnetic fields. We briefly discuss how various Rossby waves in the tachocline, convection zone, supergranule layer, and corona can be reconciled in a unified framework.
Mixed-mode Asteroseismology of Red Giant Stars Through the Luminosity Bump
Authors: Lindsay Christopher J. , Ong J. M. Joel , Basu Sarbani
Published: June 2022

Most current models of low-mass red giant stars do not reproduce the observed position of the red giant branch luminosity bump, a diagnostic of the maximum extent of the convective envelope during the first dredge up. Global asteroseismic parameters, the large frequency separation and frequency of maximum oscillation power, measured for large samples of red giants, show that modeling convective overshoot below the convective envelope helps match the modeled luminosity bump positions to observations; however, these global parameters cannot be used to probe envelope overshoot in a star-by-star manner. Red giant mixed modes, which behave like acoustic modes at the surface and like gravity modes in the core, contain important information about the interior structure of the star, especially near the convective boundary. Therefore, these modes may be used to probe interior processes, such as overshoot. Using a grid of red giant models with varying mass, metallicity, surface gravity, overshoot treatment, and amount of envelope overshoot, we find that changing the overshoot amplitude (and prescription) of overshoot below the convection zone in red giant stellar models results in significant differences in the evolution of the models’ dipole mixed-mode oscillation frequencies, the average mixed-mode period spacing (〈ΔP〉), and gravity-mode phase offset term (ϵ

g
).
Formation of the SDC13 Hub-filament System: A Cloud–Cloud Collision Imprinted on the Multiscale Magnetic Field
Authors: Wang Jia-Wei , Koch Patrick M. , Tang Ya-Wen , Fuller Gary A. , Peretto Nicolas , Williams Gwenllian M. , Yen Hsi-Wei , Lee Han-Tsung , Chen Wei-An
Published: June 2022

Hub-filament systems (HFSs) are potential sites of protocluster and massive star formation, and play a key role in mass accumulation. We report JCMT POL-2 850 μm polarization observations toward the massive HFS SDC13. We detect an organized magnetic field near the hub center with a cloud-scale “U-shape” morphology following the western edge of the hub. Together with larger-scale APEX 13CO and PLANCK polarization data, we find that SDC13 is located at the convergent point of three giant molecular clouds (GMCs) along a large-scale, partially spiral-like magnetic field. The smaller “U-shape” magnetic field is perpendicular to the large-scale magnetic field and the converging GMCs. We explain this as the result of a cloud–cloud collision. Within SDC13, we find that local gravity and velocity gradients point toward filament ridges and hub center. This suggests that gas can locally be pulled onto filaments and overall converges to the hub center. A virial analysis of the central hub shows that gravity dominates the magnetic and kinematic energy. Combining large- and small-scale analyses, we propose that SDC13 is initially formed from a collision of clouds moving along the large-scale magnetic field. In the post-shock regions, after the initial turbulent energy has dissipated, gravity takes over and starts to drive the gas accretion along the filaments toward the hub center.
Factors That Determine the Power-law Index of an Energy Distribution of Solar Flares
Authors: Kawai Toshiki , Imada Shinsuke
Published: June 2022

The power-law index of an occurrence frequency distribution of flares as a function of energy is one of the most important indicators to evaluate the contribution of small-scale flares to coronal heating. For a few decades, many studies tried to derive the power-law index using various instruments and methods. However, these results are various and the cause of this uncertainty is unknown due to the variety of observation conditions. Therefore, we investigated the dependence of the index on the solar activity, coronal features, released energy range, and active region properties such as magnetic flux, twist, and size. Our findings are (1) annual power-law index derived from time series of total solar irradiance (Sun-as-a-star observation analysis) has a negative correlation with sunspot number; (2) power-law index in active region is smaller than that of the quiet Sun and coronal holes; (3) power-law index is almost constant in the energy range of 1025 ≲ E ≲ 1030 erg; and (4) active regions that have more magnetic free energy density, unsigned magnetic flux, and shear angle tend to have smaller power-law indices. Based on the results and energy-scaling law of Petschek-type reconnection, we suggest that the power-law index of sunspot-scale events is smaller than that of granule-scale events. Moreover, we indicated that sunspot-scale events follow CSHKP flare model whereas granule-scale events follow Parker’s nanoflare model.
GRB 210121A: Observation of Photospheric Emissions from Different Regimes and the Evolution of the Outflow
Authors: Song Xin-Ying , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Zhang Shu , Xiong Shao-Lin , Song Li-Ming
Published: June 2022

GRB 210121A was observed by Insight-HXMT, by the Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM), and by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi/GBM) on 2021 January 21. In this work, photospheric emission from a structured jet is preferred to interpret the prompt emission phase of GRB 210121A, and emissions from different regimes are observed on-axis. Particularly, the emission from the intermediate photosphere is first observed in the first 1.3 s of the prompt emission, while emissions from the other part are dominant by the emissions from the saturated regime. This offers an alternative explanation compared with previous work. Moreover, the emissions that consider the intermediate photosphere can well interpret the changes in the low-energy photon index α during the pulses. In addition, the evolution of the outflow is extracted from a time-resolved analysis, and a correlation of

Γ

0

∝

L

0

0.25
±
0.5

is obtained, which implies that the jet may be mainly launched by neutrino annihilation in a hyper-accretion disk.
Deep Simultaneous Limits on Optical Emission from FRB 20190520B by 24.4 fps Observations with Tomo-e Gozen
Authors: Niino Yuu , Doi Mamoru , Sako Shigeyuki , Ohsawa Ryou , Arima Noriaki , Jiang Ji-an , Tominaga Nozomu , Tanaka Masaomi , Li Di , Niu Chen-Hui , Tsai Chao-Wei , Kobayashi Naoto , Takahashi Hidenori , Kondo Sohei , Mori Yuki , Aoki Tsutomu , Arimatsu Ko , Kasuga Toshihiro , Okumura Shin-ichiro
Published: June 2022

We conduct 24.4 fps optical observations of repeating fast radio burst (FRB) 20190520B using Tomo-e Gozen, a high-speed CMOS camera mounted on the Kiso 105 cm Schmidt telescope, simultaneously with radio observations carried out using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). We succeeded in the simultaneous optical observations of 11 radio bursts that FAST detected. However, no corresponding optical emission was found. The optical fluence limits as deep as 0.068 Jy ms are obtained for the individual bursts (0.029 Jy ms on the stacked data) corrected for the dust extinction in the Milky Way. The fluence limit is deeper than those obtained in the previous simultaneous observations for an optical emission with a duration ≳0.1 ms. Although the current limits on radio-optical spectral energy distribution (SED) of FRBs are not constraining, we show that SED models based on observed SEDs of radio variable objects such as optically detected pulsars, and a part of parameter spaces of theoretical models in which FRB optical emission is produced by inverse Compton scattering in a pulsar magnetosphere or a strike of a magnetar blastwave into a hot wind bubble, can be ruled out once a similar fluence limit as in our observation is obtained for a bright FRB with a radio fluence ≳5 Jy ms.
The Role of Sural Nerve Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Vasculitis
Authors: Gisslander Karl , Dahlin Lars B. , Smith Rona , Jayne David , O’Donovan Dominic G. , Mohammad Aladdin J.
Published: June 2022

Objective

The diagnostic yield of sural nerve biopsy (SNB) in vasculitis is uncertain. Our aim was to document relevant characteristics of patients undergoing SNB in the investigation of vasculitis; determine the diagnostic yield; relate positive biopsy findings to patient demographic, laboratory, and clinical variables; and to calculate the rate of surgical complications.

Methods

Patients with suspected vasculitis that underwent SNB as part of diagnostic evaluation at academic medical centers in Sweden and the United Kingdom were identified by searching local pathology databases and clinic registers. A structured review of medical case records and pathology reports was conducted. Histological findings were categorized as definite, probable, or no vasculitis in accordance with the 2015 Brighton Collaboration reinterpretation and update of the Peripheral Nerve Society guidelines for vasculitic neuropathy. Definite and probable findings were considered positive for vasculitis.

Results

Ninety-one patients that underwent SNB were identified (45% female). Forty (44%) patients showed histological evidence of vasculitis: 14 definite and 26 probable. A concomitant muscle biopsy conducted in 10 patients did not contribute to the diagnostic yield. Positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody test, organ involvement other than the nervous system, and a longer biopsy sample were associated with a positive biopsy. The reported surgical complication rate was 15%.

Conclusion

SNB of sufficient length is a useful procedure to confirm a diagnosis of vasculitis.
Are All Routine Spondyloarthritis Outpatient Visits Considered Useful by Rheumatologists? An Exploratory Clinical Practice Study
Authors: Hermans Kasper , Boonen Annelies , van Tubergen Astrid
Published: June 2022

Objective

To determine (1) the proportion of routine spondyloarthritis (SpA) outpatient visits considered (un)necessary by rheumatologists, (2) characteristics of (un)necessary visits, and (3) whether previsit remote health outcome assessments can identify the necessity of ensuing visits.

Methods

A random sample of follow-up visits was evaluated at an SpA outpatient clinic. Before visits, patient-reported outcomes and disease activity were collected through an online health registry (SpA-Net). Rheumatologists were asked whether visits were considered necessary and whether therapy was altered. Clinical actions during visits were documented alongside demographic and clinical patient characteristics; these were compared for necessary vs unnecessary visits. Multivariable logistic regressions explored which previsit health outcomes (disease activity, patient-reported physical and mental health) were associated with the perceived necessity of visits. Predictive value was calculated for high disease activity thresholds of Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) and patient global assessment (PtGA).

Results

Of 114 outpatient visits, 39 (34.2%) were considered unnecessary. These visits involved fewer treatment changes (6 of 39 [15.4%] vs 39 of 75 [52.0%] visits) and clinical actions (9 of 39 [23.1%] vs 47 of 75 [62.7%] visits) compared to visits considered necessary. Previsit ASDAS (OR 4.06, 95% CI 1.80-9.17) and PtGA (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.25-2.17) were associated with the perceived necessity of visits. Positive predictive value of ASDAS ≥ 2.1 and PtGA ≥ 3.0 were 91.7% and 80.0%, respectively.

Conclusion

Traditional physician-initiated follow-up for patients with SpA likely results in a suboptimal use of time and resources. Remote disease activity assessments can help identify patients for whom visits might be necessary from a rheumatologist's perspective.
Pour une utopie réaliste de « Terre-Patrie »
Authors: Pena-Vega Alfredo
Published: June 2022

Cet article propose une nouvelle lecture de l’utopie et de l’éthique de notre ère planétaire, s’inspirant des principes de « terre-patrie » d’Edgar Morin, qui suggèrent une autre vision de notre état du monde. La validité et la pertinence du concept de « terre-patrie » émergent comme une alternative à l’heure où nos visions du monde basculent fortement vers le désespoir et où celui qui dépeint un avenir utopique s’expose à la moquerie.
Le libéralisme à l’épreuve de l’utopie socialiste
Authors: Fournier Nino
Published: June 2022

L’article analyse les raisons historiques et stratégiques qui ont contribué à construire la catégorie de « socialisme utopique » et à réserver le qualificatif d’utopique à un ensemble d’auteurs qui se réclamaient pourtant moins de l’utopie que de la science pour fonder leurs représentations normatives du social, alors que des stratégies rhétoriques similaires ont été localisées dans plusieurs courants de la « science économique ». En mobilisant certains concepts de la sociologie durkheimienne et certaines lectures critiques du libéralisme d’une part, et en suivant le travail de Pierre Rosanvallon d’autre part, il devient possible de construire le concept de « capitalisme utopique » pour questionner la relation entre des approches scientifiques et normatives de la société, renvoyant dos à dos libéralisme et socialisme comme deux programmes de construction de la société.
De la casquette aux chaussures : l’habillement du cycliste en Italie de la fin du XIX e siècle à aujourd’hui
Authors: Marchesini Daniele , Dietschy Paul
Published: June 2022

Dans les années 1880, l’invention de la bicyclette moderne fait naître une nouvelle catégorie d’adeptes : les femmes. Le cadre ouvert de la bicicletta réservée aux femmes leur permet de porter des jupons. D’amples caleçons autorisent les femmes les plus sportives de participer à leurs premières courses cyclistes. Mais l’Église puis les préfets du régime fasciste veillent. Il faut attendre les années 1950 et la diffusion d’un autre instrument de liberté, le scooter, pour que femmes et hommes revêtent le même habillement sur deux roues. Pour chausser le pied on utilise d’abord des chaussures de ville basses à talon, qui s’insèrent dans les cale-pieds auxquels on ajoute une courroie de cuir. La principale innovation intervient en 1985 avec l’apparition de la fixation Look inspirée par le ski. Le vêtement masculin connaît aussi des transformations. Pour les sportifs, s’il n’est pas attaché à la cheville, le pantalon se raccourcit au-dessus du genou, le problème principal résidant dans les frottements avec la selle. À partir des années 1970, la production d’une fibre synthétique polyuréthane élastique par DuPont ou Bayer permet de fabriquer des cuissards renforcés sous les fesses et épousant leurs formes et celles des cuisses. Les fabricants de maillots qui utilisaient auparavant la laine optent alors aussi pour les fibres synthétiques. Le maillot s’ouvre désormais sur tout le thorax. Comme au football, il a ses couleurs bien identifiables mais aujourd’hui brouillées par la publicité. Équipé d’un casque léger et d’opaques lunettes de soleil, portant un maillot bariolé, le champion cycliste est plus difficilement reconnaissable.
Des Alpes à la Fashion Week : l’odyssée de la doudoune
Authors: Boulat Régis
Published: June 2022

Légères, confortables et adaptées au froid, les premières vestes rembourrées de duvets sont utilisées par des alpinistes européens et par des amateurs de loisirs hivernaux américains dès les années 1920. Au cours des Trente Glorieuses, dans un contexte marqué par le développement du « Grand cirque blanc », l’entreprise iséroise Moncler devient une référence incontournable parmi les fabricants de « doudounes ». Après une éclipse dans les années 1990, ce vêtement unisexe et douillet qui déjà est passé de la montagne à la ville devient une icône de mode au début des années 2000 grâce à l’industriel italien Remo Ruffini. Son marché est aujourd’hui très concurrentiel.
Repetition and prosodic matching in responding to pets’ vocalizations
Authors: Harjunpää Katariina
Published: June 2022

Lorsqu’ils s’adressent à un animal domestique, les humains emploient certains procédés lexicaux et prosodiques récurrents mis en évidence lors de précédentes études. L’usage d’une voix aiguë et la répétition en font partie. Nous examinons ici les caractéristiques de ces formes d’adresse verbale, et leurs modes de conception récurrents, lors d’interactions authentiques. En utilisant les outils de l’analyse conversationnelle et de la linguistique interactionnelle, nous explorons les échanges vocaux entre humains et animaux de compagnie. L’analyse conduit à l’identification d’un schéma de réponse – à la fois prosodique, lexical et séquentiel – à la vocalisation d’un animal, fondé sur le recyclage ( matching ) prosodique de cette dernière et sa réduplication. En s’appuyant sur ces ressources, le locuteur produit un énoncé par lequel il répond au comportement vocal de l’animal et donne une structure séquentielle à l’ensemble. Nous montrons donc que pour interagir avec les animaux, les locuteurs utilisent des ressources prosodiques et lexicales qui leur permettent de s’exprimer par des moyens proches de ceux dont les animaux disposent pour communiquer ; ils espèrent ainsi introduire une réciprocité dans l’échange vocal. Cette étude est basée sur des enregistrements vidéo d’interactions impliquant des locuteurs de langue finnoise, portugaise du Brésil, et anglaise.
Types of Stories to Influence Clinical Nurses
Authors: Kowalski Karren
Published: June 2022

Stories are exceedingly powerful in influencing nurses to consider changing certain behaviors or how they deliver various kinds of patient care. Following last month's excellent example of a story to influence adoption of family-centered care in the neonatal intensive care unit, let's consider the various types of stories that can be told when attempting to influence clinical nurses. In future columns, methods for collecting stories to use in education and important factors in the presentation or telling of stories will be considered.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2022;53(6):253–255.]
The Chinese System of Community Care for Older Adults
Authors: Zhou Junshan , Walker Alan
Published: June 2022

China is increasingly turning to community care (CC) to fill the growing gap between the care needs of older adults and availability of that care. The specific application of this concept in China takes two forms: state cash-for-care programs and a market-oriented operational approach. State cash-for-care programs offer cash payments or vouchers, and older adults have a statutory entitlement to apply for the relief of CC charges. The market-oriented operational model comprises urban community care service “supermarkets,” where older adults can buy services according to their needs. Even with these two programs, CC still has many shortcomings. Deficits include lack of national standards for individual services and personnel development, and absence of an independent department or systems to oversee supervision and quality assessment. This policy brief offers key recommendations for government investment through supportive social policies and improvements to the quantity and quality of the care workforce. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48
(6), 7–11.]
A new unconditionally stable implicit numerical scheme for fractional diffusive epidemic model
Authors: Nawaz Yasir , Shoaib Arif Muhammad , Shatanawi Wasfi , Ashraf Muhammad Usman
Published: June 2022

This contribution proposes a numerical scheme for solving fractional parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). One of the advantages of using the proposed scheme is its applicability for fractional and integer order derivatives. The scheme can be useful to get conditions for obtaining a positive solution to epidemic disease models. A COVID-19 mathematical model is constructed, and linear local stability conditions for the model are obtained; afterward, a fractional diffusive epidemic model is constructed. The numerical scheme is constructed by employing the fractional Taylor series approach. The proposed fractional scheme is second-order accurate in space and time and unconditionally stable for parabolic PDEs. In addition to this, convergence conditions are obtained by employing a proposed numerical scheme for the fractional differential equation of susceptible individuals. The scheme is also compared with existing numerical schemes, including the non-standard finite difference method. From theoretical analysis and graphical illustration, it is found that the proposed scheme is more accurate than the so-called existing non-standard finite difference method, which is a method with notably good boundedness and positivity properties.
Fibonacci collocation pseudo-spectral method of variable-order space-fractional diffusion equations with error analysis
Authors: Mohamed A. S.
Published: June 2022

In this article, we evaluated the approximate solutions of one-dimensional variable-order space-fractional diffusion equations (sFDEs) by using a collocation method. This method depends on operational matrices for fractional derivatives and the integration of generalized Fibonacci polynomials. In this method, a Caputo fractional derivative of variable order is applied. Some properties of these polynomials (using boundary conditions) are presented to simplify and transform sFDEs into a system of equations with the expansion coefficients of the solution. Also, we discuss the convergence and error analysis of the generalized Fibonacci expansion. Finally, we compare the obtained results with those obtained via the other methods.
Villuendas Sabaté, Blanca, Onirocrítica islámica, judía y cristiana en la Gueniza de El Cairo: edición y estudio de los manuales judeo-árabes de interpretación de sueños, Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2020, 485 pp.
Authors: Forcada Miquel
Published: June 2022

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Structured Decision-Making to Rank North American Wetlands Conservation Act Proposals Within Joint Venture Regions
Authors: Krainyk Anastasia , Soulliere Gregory J. , Coluccy John M. , Wilson Barry C. , Brasher Michael G. , Al-Saffar Mohammed A. , Humburg Dale D. , Lyons James E.
Published: June 2022

The North American Wetlands Conservation Act provides funding and administration for wetland management and conservation projects. The North American Wetland Conservation Fund, enabled in 1989 with the Act, provides financial resources. Resource allocation decisions are based, in part, on regional experts, particularly migratory bird Joint Ventures (JV; partnerships established under the North American Waterfowl Management Plan to help conserve the continent's waterfowl populations and habitats). The JVs evaluate funding proposals submitted within their respective regions each year and make funding recommendations to decision makers. Proposal evaluation procedures differ among JVs; however, it could be helpful to consider a transparent, repeatable, and data-driven framework for prioritization within regions. We used structured decision-making and linear additive value models for ranking proposals within JV regions. We used two JVs as case studies and constructed two different value models using JV-specific objectives and weights. The framework was developed through a collaborative process with JV staff and stakeholders. Models were written in Microsoft Excel. To test these models, we used six North American Wetlands Conservation Act proposals submitted to the Upper Mississippi/Great Lakes JV in 2016 and seven proposals submitted to the Gulf Coast JV in 2017. We compared proposal ranks assigned by the value model to ranks assigned by each JV's management board. Ranks assigned by the value model differed from ranks assigned by the board for the Upper Mississippi/Great Lakes JV, but not for the Gulf Coast JV. However, ranks from the value model could change markedly with different objective weights and value functions. The weighted linear value model was beneficial for ranking NAWCA proposals because it allows JVs to treat the ranking as a multiple objective problem and tailor the ranking to their specific regional concerns. We believe a structured decision-making approach could be adapted by JV staff to facilitate a systematic and transparent process for proposal ranking by their management boards.
S’émanciper au nom d’un pluralisme médical : à propos de pratiques de santé périnatale chez des femmes d’origine chinoise à Paris
Authors: Wang Simeng
Published: June 2022

Cet article analyse deux pratiques de santé périnatale – le régime alimentaire et le repos post-partum – de mères d’origine chinoise à Paris, qui naviguent entre différents registres de soins et de normes médicales et paramédicales. À travers une enquête qualitative menée entre 2016 et 2018 auprès d’une trentaine de femmes d’origine chinoise, et dans certains cas également auprès de leur entourage familial (conjoints et parents), l’article met en relief les logiques sous-tendant leurs pratiques de santé périnatale qui relèvent de la médecine chinoise en contexte migratoire. Les matériaux empiriques montrent que les recours à un pluralisme médical dans le contexte français, pendant la période périnatale, peuvent être appréhendés par ces femmes comme une façon de s’émanciper, au moins de manière ponctuelle et limitée, de la domination des normes cliniques occidentales et des violences institutionnelles d’une part, et des rapports de force à l’intérieur du foyer et de la famille élargie d’autre part.
Cadre environnemental des premières occupations humaines du Brésil : évolution de la végétation et du climat au cours des derniers 40 000 ans
Authors: Ledru Marie-Pierre
Published: June 2022

À partir des enregistrements palynologiques et
isotopiques disponibles sur l’ensemble du territoire brésilien, cet
article reconstitue l’évolution du paysage depuis le milieu du dernier
glaciaire. Quatre intervalles de temps sont distingués, le marine isotope stage 3
(MIS3), le dernier maximum glaciaire, le tardiglaciaire et l’Holocène
avec pour ce dernier l’Holocène ancien, moyen et récent, à l’intérieur
des principaux biomes, forêt amazonienne, forêt atlantique, cerrado et caatinga. Cette synthèse met en évidence
quatre régions bioclimatiques et les nombreuses oscillations de
l’environnement et du climat qui les caractérisent.
De quand date le peuplement du Brésil ? Contributions osseuses et moléculaires
Authors: Strauss André
Published: June 2022

L’ancienneté des premières occupations humaines en Amérique fait l’objet d’un grand débat. La date d’arrivée d’Homo sapiens sur le continent varie de 16 000 à 130 000 ans avant le présent (BP). Les âges antérieurs à environ 50 000 ans impliquent que le Nouveau Monde aurait pu être peuplé par d’autres espèces du genre Homo. Les propositions d’une présence antérieure au dernier maximum glaciaire restent toutefois conditionnées au débat sur l’origine anthropique ou naturelle de structures ou d’objets décrits comme des foyers, des artefacts ou des traces de découpe et de fracture d’ossements animaux. Aucun squelette humain antérieur à 12 000 ans BP – ce qui constituerait une preuve incontestable de présence humaine – n’a été décrit dans le Nouveau Monde. Les analyses génétiques de populations actuelles et de squelettes anciens indiquent une date de colonisation ne remontant pas au-delà d’il y a 16 000 ans. Les données biologiques sont donc en faveur d’une occupation de l’Amérique postérieure au dernier maximum glaciaire. Une hypothèse alternative serait de considérer que si une population très ancienne a existé dans le Nouveau Monde, celle-ci a disparu sans laisser de vestiges, un évènement qui serait unique dans l’histoire de l’humanité.
L’institutionnalisation du marché du placement des chômeurs au Brésil (1957-1972)
Authors: Lima Léa
Published: June 2022

Au Brésil l’histoire des mondes du travail est indissociable de celle des acteurs qui ont fait commerce de la mise à disposition et de la mobilisation de la force de travail. Je me propose ici de remonter aux sources du système d’intermédiation de l’emploi brésilien contemporain qui se distingue dans le monde par l’usage de bureaux de placement payants pour les travailleurs. Dans ce but, l’article retrace le processus d’institutionnalisation du marché du placement des chômeurs qui, en 1972, a conduit le gouvernement autoritaire à dénoncer la convention n° 96 de l’Organisation internationale du travail (OIT) visant à l’extinction des bureaux de placement payants, texte pourtant ratifié par le pays en 1957. La régulation du commerce du placement est analysée au prisme des rapports entre l’élite gestionnaire des entreprises, l’administration du ministère du Travail et les organisations représentatives des intérêts des intermédiaires.
За царя или за отечество? Отношение участников восстаний Петровской эпохи к стране и ее жителям
Authors: Трефилов Евгений
Published: June 2022

Cet article s’appuie sur diverses sources pour analyser l’attitude envers le pays et ses habitants des personnes impliquées dans les grandes révoltes de l’époque de Pierre Ier. Contrairement à ses prédécesseurs, l’auteur ne se contente pas d’analyser les déclarations directes de ces gens sur l’État, il analyse également leur proximité avec d’autres sujets de Pierre Ier et avec divers territoires situés à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur de l’État, afin de déterminer l’étendue de l’espace culturel et géographique que les rebelles considéraient comme « le leur ». Il en résulte que cet espace était principalement, sinon exclusivement, coextensif aux territoires situés à l’intérieur de l’État russe, avec pour cœur Moscou, la capitale de la Russie. Cela permet à l’auteur de conclure que les insurgés considéraient l’État russe, ou du moins le territoire habité par des personnes de confession orthodoxe, comme leur patrie, sans pour autant qu’ils ne l’aient jamais directement revendiqué.
Уложенные комиссии в России в 1720-е – начале 1750-х гг. К постановке проблемы
Authors: Бабкова Галина О.
Published: June 2022

Cet article se concentre sur les commissions législatives instituées en Russie dans les années 1720 et jusqu’au début des années 1750. Traditionnellement considérées comme inefficaces, ces institutions ont été reconnues comme incapables de composer un nouveau code de lois pour toute une série de raisons (juridiques, techniques, procédurales, etc.). L’étude de leurs documents (procès-verbaux, projets, attestations du personnel, etc.) permet d’affirmer que dans la première moitié du xviiie siècle, les chancelleries des commissions législatives fonctionnaient comme des institutions permanentes. Elles œuvraient comme un service du Sénat, accumulant les documents juridiques et systématisant la législation en vigueur, rédigeant de nouvelles lois, apportant un soutien juridique à toute une série de sujets qui étaient soulevés et discutés à un haut niveau. Dans ce contexte, les commissions législatives de la Russie impériale faisaient partie intégrante du processus législatif, qui n’était pas considéré comme une prérogative totale et indivisible du monarque. Du point de vue des autorités, la procédure d’adoption d’un nouveau code devait inclure une phase de réflexion et d’approbation comprenant un appel à la représentation sociale et professionnelle, pour laquelle le Code juridique de 1649 a servi de modèle.
Exploring Ethical Consumption for Equity and Inclusiveness
Authors: Kadyan Sneha , Kadyan Jagbir Singh
Published: June 2022

This chapter is directed at examining this gap in everyday practices and is a step towards bridging thoughts and action of consumers towards sustainable social change. Utilizing a qualitative approach, purchasing practices of consumers with strong beliefs about ethical consumption are critically assessed to examine how individuals think and act with respect to their purchasing decisions. The findings of this chapter suggest that transparency and communication of the ethical investment of consumers in purchasing and consuming ethical products needs to be more pronounced for thoughts to reflect in ethical conscious practices.
Poverty and Poverty Indicators in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Ilic Biljana Stojan
Published: June 2022

Poverty has become one of the most important categories of the global social and economic order and thus part of sustainability. Poverty is a product of harmful and excessive inequalities in the world as well as in almost every individual society. The aim of the chapter is to point to the importance of poverty indicators in the Republic of Serbia, as well as the impact of uneven regional development on poverty. Therefore, for Serbia, as well as for other countries in transition, it is vital to ensure sustainable and dynamic growth of real per capita income. The chapter also provides an overview of developing strategic directions for poverty alleviation.
Role of Global Institutions in Economic Development of India
Authors: Jadhav Amit Uttam , Baragde Dileep B.
Published: June 2022

The International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the International Trade Organisation were conceived at the Bretton Woods Conference in July, 1944 as institutions to strengthen international economic cooperation and to help create a more stable and prosperous global economy. Instead, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, through successive rounds of negotiations, got transformed into what has come to be known as the World Trade Organisation. The various institutions have been set up to govern international economic relations. While all the institutions work in close coordination with each other, each of these institutions has its own specific area of responsibilities. The IMF promotes international monetary cooperation and provides member countries with policy advice, temporary loans, and technical assistance so they can establish and maintain financial stability and external viability and build and maintain strong economies. The World Bank promotes long-term economic development and poverty reduction by providing technical and financial support.
Socio-Intercultural Organizational Development
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: June 2022

This chapter analyzes socio-intercultural organizational development as a novel perspective in organizational sciences. The analysis departs from the assumption that an effective socio-intercultural management and organizational long-term development based on the collaboration among all the stakeholders must be based on the cultural basic assumptions, values, and beliefs of participants involved in intercultural communication and dialogue, committed, and acting on equal basis despite the cultural differences and the challenges derived. The method employed is the transdisciplinary reflective-analytical approach. The analysis concludes that the transdisciplinary and socio-intercultural perspective of organizational development and effective management competence is based on intercultural communication and dialogue.
Dissecting Urban Heritage Morphology as a Response to Microclimate
Authors: Puspahati Melvina Pramadya
Published: June 2022

This chapter discusses the historic areas that are living habitats that grew before the science of architecture and urban design happened in a formal way. In the case of the Kampung Kauman neighbourhood area, the area is a result of an agglomeration of residents with similar job types as Batik makers. However, the district was designed by an indigenous Javanese planner or Kalang who has a responsibility to design and build the area. The method used a combination of computational climate simulation to investigate outdoor spaces, surface radiation. Further, this chapter conducted an ethnographic study qualitatively through field surveys. The results captured people's activities at different times during the day. The results also indicated that most of the Javanese buildings can consider climate as responding to buildings and public spaces. The concluding remarks identified the relation of the urban morphology from indigenous Javanese culture with people activities through spatial investigation.
Greenery Measures to Mitigate Urban Heat Island in Unplanned Areas
Authors: Kloss Parisa , Khalil Heba Allah Essam E. , Lotfata Aynaz
Published: June 2022

This chapter applies a design-based approach to integrate the innovative greenery measures in a high-density unplanned area of Imbaba to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect and provide high quality open spaces by creating a chain of cooling public spaces called “Takeeba.” The literature review was applied to propagate the formulation of the research problems and identify the boundaries of knowledge. Land surface temperature (LST), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) were mapped using remote sensing to identify the hotspots and the existence of greenery and vacant lands for intervention. Prioritizing the hotspots shows vacant land and parking lots are the hottest spots due to direct exposure to solar radiation and heavily compacted areas in the centre of Imbaba. To tackle UHI in the whole Greater Cairo, the replicability of the idea was considered in a follow-up project.
Wind Effect on Pedestrian Activities and Motion Patterns
Authors: Alashi Abdalrahman T. Y. , Koramaz Turgay Kerem , Ozkan Dilek Yildiz , Ertekin Özhan
Published: June 2022

The analysis of pedestrian wind comfort was carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) on a 3D model of the Istanbul Bilgi University Central Campus. The context of the analysis was conducted on the pedestrian activity maps within the campus between November 2021 and January 2022, including a time of strong south-westerly winds (Lodos) that hit Istanbul at the end of November/early December 2021. The activities of students and their movement patterns were observed through videos and by counting the pedestrians manually, creating a spatial map that represents pedestrian counts and their activities within the outdoor spaces. A 3D model of the campus was constructed, and CFD pedestrian wind comfort analysis was performed and compared to the pedestrian activity maps. Spatial relation analysis was performed to examine whether the pedestrian activities can be related to the Lawson wind comfort criteria map. The results show that there was generally some inconsistency between the empirically observed number of pedestrians and their activities and the wind comfort criteria map.
Conducting Graduate Education Programs in Agricultural Education
Authors: Bowling Amanda , Washburn Shannon G.
Published: June 2022

Graduate education fulfills a specific need within the professional growth of students but carries different considerations when pursuing a degree or designing a degree program as compared to undergraduate programs. Agricultural education graduate programs possess a nuance in balancing the need to serve a wide audience, use limited departmental resources, and encapsulate the breadth of school-based agricultural education to develop effective future teacher educators and scholars. This chapter serves to provide potential graduate students with an understanding of what to reflect on when pursuing a graduate degree, as well as the various curriculum components and experiences which they might engage in. Additionally, the authors have outlined programmatic decisions for faculty to consider when creating or revising agricultural education graduate programs.
Innovation as a Foundation for Creating Generic Value Propositions for Entrepreneurs
Authors: Unanoglu Murat
Published: June 2022

This study is based on the generic value proposition concept that was emphasized in business model generation. The generic value propositions offered by international shoe brands such as Geox, Ecco, and five Turkish shoe brands were compared. Mixed approach was chosen as the research method, and a case study was conducted. The texts in the “about us” parts of the websites were analyzed. In addition, the features offered in the product groups were compared. The average product price and the discount ratios throughout the year are compared. As a result of the analysis, it was shown that Geox and Ecco firmly adhered to the generic value propositions of performance (due to the innovation) and design. In comparison, Turkish shoe brands were found to be unable to provide a clear value proposition. Although Turkish shoe firms were founded considerably earlier than their foreign counterparts, it was determined that one of the reasons for their lack of success was their inability to provide a clear value proposition to the consumers.
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems Resilience and Institutional Voids
Authors: Tennin Kyla L.
Published: June 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, 41.3% of companies stated they closed temporarily due to the pandemic. In the United Kingdom, 32.5% of entrepreneurs reported they were still able to work during the pandemic, compared to entrepreneurs in Norway (58.5%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (81.6%), North America (55%), and France (55.9%). In a global study for the World Economic Forum, a variety of firms were surveyed, from entrepreneur startups to music festivals, manufacturing companies, and automotive enterprises. Seventy percent of startups stated they had to terminate their full-time employees since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Only 40% of new enterprises stated they have enough revenue to last for three months of operations. Resilience, financial inclusion, education, and strategic partnerships are needed during crises to protect entrepreneurial ecosystems, especially if firms operate in economies that are emerging, possess institutional voids, institutional forces, or slow economic growth issues.
What the Post-Truth Era Means
Authors: Delal Özlem
Published: June 2022

The concept of post-truth, which came to the fore with the political developments in 2016, is one of the most discussed issues today. Post-truth emerged as a concept related to politics. When used in this way, the term implies that seeking the truth is no longer considered appropriate by politicians. This concept essentially defines the political tendencies that devalue the factual. Although it emerged in politics, it began to be used in other fields. Especially with the developments such as Trump's election victory in 2016 and Britain's Brexit referendum, the use of the concept has increased. Post-truth, which expresses the fact that the concept of truth has become controversial, has been chosen as the word of the year this year. This study will define the concept of post-truth on which books, articles, and theses are written. In addition, a brief introduction will be made to the reasons why today's world is called the post-truth age.