bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Pandemic and Immune Boost Up: The Synergistic Role of Nutrients
Authors: Huq A. K. Obidul , Uddin Ielias , Islam Md. Tazul , Ahmed Eyad , Abu Bakr Siddique Mohammad , Rahim A.N.M. Bazlur , Talukder Mesbah Uddin , Nigar Shireen , Abedin Nusrat , Arjoo Mahjabeen
Published: December 2021

World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global public health emergency due to the recent spread of COVID-19 throughout the world. Millions of people are affected daily and thousands died. Almost all countries are now paying attention to control this pandemic outbreak. Therefore, researchers are trying to identify the pathophysiology of the disease, appropriate prognosis, effective management and prevention of COVID-19. Based on current published evidence, this review article specifies the role of different nutrients in the possible prevention and management of COVID-19 and viral infections. Balanced nutrition including adequate vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, magnesium, selenium, zinc and phytonutrients have shown promising immune-boosting roles in COVID-19 and other respiratory infections due to their potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidants properties. These micronutrients act against COVID-19 infections both individually and synergistically.
Highlights on the Labels of Packaged Foods Sold in Jordanian Market from A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Awwad Narmeen J. , Al-Sayyed Hiba F. , Safi Hamzah , Al-Bosta Salma M. , Al-Zawawi Summer
Published: December 2021

Jordan has adapted a strategy to prevent chronic diseases. Accordingly, Ministry of Health is looking for controlling food labeling particularly food fat, trans-fat, and caloric content. This study aimed to screen the food label of products that are sold in Jordanian market in terms of serving size, energy, macronutrient, fiber, total and added sugars, saturated and trans fat, cholesterol, dietary fiber, and micronutrient contents. A cross-sectional study was performed to screen the food label for the food products based on the standards of The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations of 2016 and Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA). Generally, food labels were not clear. The screened products were compliant with JFDA standards and not in compliance with some FDA standards. In addition, many products were found to be sources of added sugars, Na, and saturated fats. Stakeholders and legislators are called to focus on developing new laws, regulations, and polices for developing food label. Food manufacturers are needed to work hardly on developing informative, clear, easy-to-understand, and attractive food labels. The legislators of food label policies are called to look for ways to indicate the presence of high amounts of dietary risk factors such as sugars, added sugars, Na, saturated, and trans fats in packaged foods.
Improvement of Functional Properties of Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) Flour by Germination and Its Relation to Amino Acids Profile
Authors: Kanetro Bayu , Riyanto Muhamad , Pujimulyani Dwiyati , Huda Nurul
Published: December 2021

Jack bean as a source of vegetable protein had not been popular. Seed germination had been known to improve its nutritional quality, especially protein and amino acid profile. This study determined the effect of germination on the color, beany flavor, protein content, functional properties, and amino acid profile of jack bean flour. A complete randomized design was used for this experiment. Germination was carried out for 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours. The seed (control) and germinated jack bean flours were analyzed for oil absorption, water absorption, emulsifying and foaming capacities, as well as the soluble protein content to determine the best germination time. Furthermore, the amino acid profile of the jack bean flour produced from the best germination time was analyzed. The results of this study indicated that the total and soluble protein of the seed and germinated jack bean seeds for 0, 24, 48, 60, and 72 hours were 23.30 and 5.95; 22.61 and 7.61; 21.18 and 10.68; 23.26 and 10.22; 23.98 and 10.81%, respectively. Germination of jack bean improved the functional properties. A germination time of 72 hours increased the oil capacity, water absorption capacity, foaming capacity and decreased the emulsion capacity significantly. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids of the germinated jack bean flour increased to 3.21 and 2.12% of the seed flour, respectively. The increase of the foaming capacity was related to the increase in hydrophobic amino acids of germinated jack bean flour compared to seed flours, that were glycine 1.23 and 1.01; alanine 1.29 and 1.01; valine 1.16 and 1.00; leucine 1.84 and 1.09%, respectively. Germination of jack bean for 72 hours increased significantly the essential amino acids, namely: leucine, lysine, and valine.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Food Hygiene of Nursing Homes in South Korea
Authors: Lee Joo-Eun
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance of hygiene education for the safe and healthy diet of the elderly by analyzing hygiene knowledge, attitude, and practice of food hygiene in nursing homes that do not legally be required to hire a dietitian. A total of 40 nursing homes participated in a survey that combines telephone and mail. As a result, most of the foodservice management of the nursing home surveyed was conducted by the director (80.5%) or secretary (13.8%), not by dietitians, and their answer rate of hygiene knowledge related to elderly foodservice was 54.7%. In 6 of the 7 hygiene knowledge questions, there was a significant difference in the distribution of correct answer rates between the groups with and without hygiene education (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). In 5 out of 8 food hygiene attitude questions, all respondents (100%) showed a desirable hygiene attitude, and 99.0% of the respondents responded with a desirable attitude. The overall average practice rate for 8 hygienic practices items was 69.7%, and 6 of the 8 items showed significant differences in the distribution between those with and without hygiene education (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). Therefore, in order for the foodservice for the nursing home resident elderly to be managed hygienically and safely, hygiene education and training programs for foodservice managers such as directors and secretaries must be provided, and in order to manage the nursing home foodservice field, it is necessary to investigate the hygiene knowledge and practice degree of cooks and to prepare education and field management measures.
Comparative Evaluation of the Nutritional Status and Habits of Students Studying in Private and Government Schools in a Semi-Urban Town in India –Kumbakonam Urban Rural Epidemiological Study - KURES -1
Authors: Suchitra M.R. , Arunkumar M. , Gayatri R. , Lokesh G. , Parthasarathy S.
Published: December 2021

Malnutrition is a universal and an ever-rising problem due to changes in the lifestyle and eating habits among the children. The malnourished children are prone to illness. Hence, we planned to conduct a study in school children, both in Government set up and a private set up, to review their nutritional status and the influencing factors. Two thousand students in the age group of 8-17 years were interviewed for their food habits, asking them to fill up a proforma along with anthropometric measurements. Among the children interviewed 72% were malnourished, but only 0.06% were obese. The nourishment was significantly better in private school children but still 58% were underweight. There was a strong liking for fast food among children from both the groups. The playing time was less than an hour in a majority of students. Conclusion: There is an alarming census of underweight children in a semi-urban Indian town, but obesity is not that alarming, with an incidence rate < 1%. There is an urgent need to promote games among children of all socioeconomic status. A blanket ban on fast food items in the school campus is the need of the hour. Undernourished children form majority of students going to school in India. This includes children attending private paid schools. The incidence of obesity is still so low so that any community level action on the same is presently not needed in India.
A note on commuting additive maps on rank k symmetric matrices
Authors: Chooi Wai Leong , Tan Yean Nee
Published: December 2021

Let $n\geq 2$ and $1<k\leq n$ be integers. Let $S_n(\mathbb{F})$ be the linear space of $n\times n$ symmetric matrices over a field $\mathbb{F}$ of characteristic not two. In this note, we prove that an additive map $\psi:S_n(\mathbb{F})\rightarrow S_n(\mathbb{F})$ satisfies $\psi(A)A=A\psi(A)$ for all rank $k$ matrices $A\in S_n(\mathbb{F})$ if and only if there exists a scalar $\lambda\in \mathbb{F}$ and an additive map $\mu:S_n(\mathbb{F})\rightarrow \mathbb{F}$ such that\[\psi(A)=\lambda A+\mu(A)I_n,\]for all $A\in S_n(\mathbb{F})$, where $I_n$ is the identity matrix. Examples showing the indispensability of assumptions on the integer $k>1$ and the underlying field $\mathbb{F}$ of characteristic not two are included.
Analgesic efficacy of single-shot adductor canal block versus adductor canal block combined with intra-articular ropivacaine infusion after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Hippalgaonkar Kushal , Chandak Vivek , Daultani Deepesh , Mulpur Praharsha , Eachempati Krishna Kiran , Reddy A.V. Gurava
Published: December 2021

Aims

Single-shot adductor canal block (ACB) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for postoperative analgesia is a common modality. Patients can experience breakthrough pain when the effect of ACB wears off. Local anaesthetic infusion through an intra-articular catheter (IAC) can help manage breakthrough pain after TKA. We hypothesized that combined ACB with ropivacaine infusion through IAC is associated with better pain relief compared to ACB used alone.

Methods

This study was a prospective double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy of combined ACB+ IAC-ropivacaine infusion (study group, n = 68) versus single-shot ACB+ intra-articular normal saline placebo (control group, n = 66) after primary TKA. The primary outcome was assessment of pain, using the visual analogue scale (VAS) recorded at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes included active knee ROM 48 hours after surgery and additional requirement of analgesia for breakthrough pain.

Results

The study group (mean visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score of 5.5 (SD 0.889)) experienced significant reduction in pain 12 hours after surgery compared to the control group (mean VAS 6.62 (SD 1.356); mean difference = 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.46 to 0.67; p < 0.001), and pain scores on postoperative day (POD) 1 and POD-2 were lower in the study group compared to the control group (mean difference in VAS pain = 1.04 (-1.39 to -0.68, 95% CI, p < 0.001). Fewer patients in the study group (0 vs 3 in the control group) required additional analgesia for breakthrough pain, but this was not statistically significant. The study group had significantly increased active knee flexion (mean flexion 86.4° (SD 7.22°)), compared to the control group (mean 73.86° (SD 7.88°), mean difference = 12.54, 95% CI 9.97 to 15.1; p < 0.014).

Conclusion

Combined ACB+ ropivacaine infusion via IAC is a safe, reproducible analgesic modality after primary TKA, with superior analgesia compared to ACB alone. Further large volume trials are warranted to generate evidence on clinical significance on analgesia after TKA. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(12):1082–1088.
Gluco-Oligosaccharides from Weissella cibaria as Potential Prebiotics
Authors: Park Jisun , Park Young-Seo
Published: December 2021

Oligosaccharide-producing lactic acid bacteria were isolated from young radish and identified as Weissella cibaria YRK005. Oligosaccharides from W. cibaria YRK005 were purified using size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography, and their structure was determined. The oligosaccharides consisted of glucose only, 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed that the oligosaccharides consisted of 93.8% α-1,6 glycosidic linkages and 6.2% α-1,4 glycosidic linkages, and molecular weight was determined to be 1.12´10 2 Da. When the oligosaccharides' prebiotic effect on probiotic strains was examined, the oligosaccharides promoted the growth of four probiotic strains, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis, and Lactobacillus pentosus, compared to fructo-oligosaccharides as a reference. These results indicated that oligosaccharides from W. cibaria YRK005 could be used as potential prebiotics.
Optimization of Manufacturing Conditions for Dried Sweet Pumpkin Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Song Jung Mu , Kim Ha Yun , Jang Hyun Wook , Cho Yong Sik , Hwang Young
Published: December 2021

This study analyzed physicochemical characteristics by pretreatment method and optimized drying conditions for dried sweet pumpkin using response surface methodology (RSM). Dry heat, wet heat, and microwave were the three pretreatment methods chosen to remove off-flavor and to increase the processing aptitude of sweet pumpkin before the pretreatment time with the same gelatinization viscosity was set. Furthermore, the dried sweet pumpkin’s quality characteristics were compared before and after hot air drying. As a result, microwave treatment was set as the optimal pretreatment method for the hot air drying of sweet pumpkin, while the optimal hot air drying conditions were confirmed using the RSM. For the RSM, drying temperature and time were set as independent variables, whereas the physicochemical characteristics of the dried sweet pumpkin were set as the dependent variables for optimizing drying conditions. As a result of the optimization, the temperature of 43°C and 7.2 h were selected as the optimal drying conditions. In comparing the values, the optimal ratio was more than 90%, and the corresponding values were within the 95% confidence interval and prediction interval, so the suitability of the experimental design and model was verified.
Loss-tolerant all-photonic quantum repeater with generalized Shor code
Authors: Zhang Rui , Liu Li-Zheng , Li Zheng-Da , Fei Yue-Yang , Yin Xu-Fei , Li Li , Liu Nai-Le , Mao Yingqiu , Chen Yu-Ao , Pan Jian-Wei
Published: December 2021

The all-photonic quantum repeater (APQR) is a promising repeater scheme to realize long-distance quantum communication. For a practical APQR, an indispensable requirement is the robustness of the repeater graph state (RGS) against photon loss. We propose a new loss-tolerant scheme by applying the generalized Shor code to RGS, which can be experimentally demonstrated with current technology. Experimentally, we first prepare and verify the nine-qubit Shor code. Then, by applying the generalized Shor code to APQR and preparing a simplified encoded RGS with the structure of

1

×

2

based on the Shor code state, the effectiveness of our loss-tolerant scheme and the loss tolerance of the encoded RGS are respectively verified. Our results make an essential step toward a practical APQR and enrich the research of quantum error correction code.
ALiS: Entwicklung einer Designtheorie für Augmented Living Spaces zur erweiterten Autonomie älterer und kognitiv eingeschränkter Menschen
Authors: Böhmer Martin , Damarowsky Johannes , Parschat Sophie , Mahn Victor-Alexander
Published: December 2021

Der Alltag älterer und kognitiv eingeschränkter Menschen kann mithilfe von informationstechnologischen Lösungen erheblich unterstützt werden. In diesem Kontext ist, wie unterschiedliche Ansätze bereits zeigen, der Einsatz von Augmented Reality für viele Einsatzszenarien eine vielversprechende Lösung. Jedoch stellen die üblicherweise genutzten Head-Mounted-Displays eine technische Hürde dar und können nicht ausnahmslos von allen Personen getragen werden. Als alternativen Lösungsansatz entwickelt der vorliegende Beitrag einen Augmented Living Space (ALiS). Dieser nutzt anstatt Headsets oder anderen tragbaren Geräten Spatial Augmented Reality, welche bspw. durch Beamer und Lautsprecher implementiert wird. Damit können individuelle, bedürfnisorientierte Funktionen ergonomisch und dennoch immersiv bereitgestellt werden. Hierdurch sollen betroffene Menschen befähigt werden, länger autonom leben zu können, ohne dabei auf tragbare Technik angewiesen zu sein. Ein ALiS gewährt dabei insbesondere eine nutzerzentrierte Unterstützung in den Bereichen der Wahrnehmung, Mobilität, Organisation sowie Medizin und ermöglicht die Herausforderungen des Alltags leichter zu bewältigen. Spatial Augmented Reality ist aktuell ein nur wenig erforschter Ansatz und wird vornehmlich in der Produktion eingesetzt. Daher werden in diesem Beitrag Designanforderungen, Designprinzipien und Design-Features einer Designtheorie formuliert, anhand derer zukünftig ein ALiS für ältere und kognitiv eingeschränkte Menschen mithilfe von Spatial Augmented Reality zielführend gestaltet und eingesetzt werden kann. Zur Definition der nutzerspezifischen und technischen Anforderungen wurde eine zweistufige strukturierte Literaturanalyse sowie eine moderierte Fokusgruppe mit Expert*innen und Anwender*innen durchgeführt. Die entwickelte Designtheorie besteht aus 3 Designanforderungen, 8 Designprinzipien sowie 13 Design-Features und bildet die Grundlage für die Entwicklung eines ALiS-Prototypen. Die wahrgenommene Nützlichkeit der Designtheorie für die Entwicklung eines ALiS wurde durch eine Befragung von Augmented Reality- und Workflow-Management-Experten positiv evaluiert.
Identifying knowledge important to teach about the nervous system in the context of secondary biology and science education–A Delphi study
Authors: Kvello Pål , Gericke Niklas
Published: December 2021

Teaching about the nervous system has become a challenging task in secondary biology and science education because of the fast development in the field of neuroscience. A major challenge is to determine what content to teach. Curricula goals are often too general to guide instruction, and information about the nervous system has become overwhelming and diverse with ubiquitous relevance in society. In addition, several misconceptions and myths are circulating in educational communities causing world-wide confusion as to what content is correct. To help teachers, textbook authors, and curricula developers in this challenging landscape of knowledge, the aim of the present study is to identify the expert view on what knowledge is important for understanding the nervous system in the context of secondary biology and science education. To accomplish this, we have conducted a thematic content analysis of textbooks followed by a Delphi study of 15 experts in diverse but relevant fields. The results demonstrate six curriculum themes includinggross anatomy and function,cell types and functional units,the nerve signal,connections between neurons,when nerve signals travel through networks of neurons, andplasticity in the nervous system,as well as26 content principles organized in a coherent curriculum progression from general content to more specific content. Whereas some of the principles clarify and elaborate on traditional school biology knowledge, others add new knowledge to the curriculum. Importantly, the new framework for teaching about the nervous system presented here, meets the needs of society, as expressed by recent international policy frameworks of OECD and WHO, and it addresses common misconceptions about the brain. The study suggests an update of the biology and science curriculum.
Preprint articles as a tool for teaching data analysis and scientific communication
Authors: Scheifele Lisa Z. , Tsotakos Nikolaos , Wolyniak Michael J.
Published: December 2021

The skill of analyzing and interpreting research data is central to the scientific process, yet it is one of the hardest skills for students to master. While instructors can coach students through the analysis of data that they have either generated themselves or obtained from published articles, the burgeoning availability of preprint articles provides a new potential pedagogical tool. We developed a new method in which students use a cognitive apprenticeship model to uncover how experts analyzed a paper and compare the professional’s cognitive approach to their own. Specifically, students first critique research data themselves and then identify changes between the preprint and final versions of the paper that were likely the results of peer review. From this activity, students reported diverse insights into the processes of data presentation, peer review, and scientific publishing. Analysis of preprint articles is therefore a valuable new tool to strengthen students’ information literacy and understanding of the process of science.
Muskuilu-maskorren hauskortasuna urratzaile gisa
Authors: Osa Juan Luis , Ruiz de Apodaca Idoia , Martínez Olatz , Mendoza Amaia , Mondragon Gurutz , Peña-Rodriguez Cristina
Published: December 2021

Munduan zehar ibaien estuarioetan muskuilu-haztegiek izandako zabalkuntzak irtenbide zaila duen milioika tona maskor hondakin sortzen ditu. Bestalde, Nazio Batuek eta Europar Batasunak bultzatutako garapen iraunkorrerako helburuek (GIH) elikagaien ekoizpen jasangarria bultzatzeaz gain, hondakinen kudeaketa egokia exijitzen du, material eta produktuen bizitza zikloa aztertzera behartuz eta berrerabilpena lehenetsiz. Lan honek kontserba-industriak sortutako muskuilu-maskor azpi-produktua granailaketan eta hondar-zurrustako garbiketa-prozesuetan urratzaile gisa erabiltzea proposatzen da. Urratzaileen ezaugarri nagusietako bat hauskortasuna da, horrek baldintzatzen baitu urratzailearen portaera hondar-zurrusta prozesuan. Maskor-hondarra lortzeko pausoak maskorren garbiketa, ehoketa eta baheketa prozesuek osatzen dute. Lan honen helburua muskuilu-maskorren hauskortasuna bi ikuspuntutatik aztertzea da: garbiketa-prozesuaren eragina eta ohiko urratzaile batekin (granatea) hauskortasunaren konparaketa. Muskuilu-maskorren hauskortasunaren karakterizazioak urratzaile gisa duten portaera aurreikusi eta aplikazio egokiak definitzea ahalbidetzen du. Emaitzek nabarmenki erakutsi dute maskorrek granateak baino lau aldiz hauskortasun txikiagoa duela. Ezaugarri interesgarri horrek ziklo itxian lan egiten duen hondarraren bizitza luzatzea dakar eta aplikazio berriari hondar-zurrustan etorkizun oparoa aurreikusten dio.
La “Economía Social y Solidaria” entre la restauración neoliberal y los gobiernos progresistas. Análisis de las políticas públicas implementadas en Argentina y México en el siglo XXI
Authors: Vitali Bernardi Sofía Magali , Oulhaj Leila
Published: December 2021

El sector de la Economía Social, Solidaria y/o Popular cobró actualmente una importante revitalización y relevancia tanto al interior de las investigaciones académicas y de las agendas estatales, como en la retórica de gran parte de las organizaciones sociales y políticas. Esto se debe al ascenso y visibilidad que adquirieron las heterogéneas prácticas populares vinculadas a la conformación de “otra economía”, alternativa al neoliberalismo y la globalización, y a “nuevas” formas de organización y protesta social. Estas experiencias ganaron la escena pública y gravitaron en el diseño e implementación de políticas públicas orientada a la promoción de la “economía social y solidaria” a escala Latinoamericana. Asimismo, las formas organizativas y reivindicativas de estos sectores fueron reconfiguradas al calor de dichas políticas.En un escenario regional signado por la oscilación de gobiernos denominados “progresistas” y restauraciones neoliberales se vuelve central el análisis de sus implicancias para el sector de la Economía Social y Solidaria y su compleja relación con el Estado. En tal sentido, en el siguiente artículo nos interesa relevar las recientes transformaciones y tendencias en las políticas públicas destinadas al sector en Argentina y México.
Comentario de libro: Manterola, J.-J. (2020). Le social à l’épreuve des valeurs, d’un Pays Basque à l’autre. Pessac, Presses MSHA
Authors: Itçaina Xabier
Published: December 2021

Akitaniako Gizarte Zientzien Etxeak (Maison des Sciences de l’Homme) 2020an argitaratu zuen 2020an Jean-Jacques Manterolak idatzi Le social à l’épreuve des valeurs. D’un Pays basque à l’autre liburua. Lanaren oinarria zientzia politikoetako tesi bat da, 2016an Sciences Po Bordeaux-en aurkeztua izan zena eta ene partetik zuzentzeko edo, hobeki erran, laguntzeko plazerra izan nuena. Lan hunek jasta berezi bat hartzen du osasun krisi global huntan, ikusiz beharrordu eta premia sozial berrien gorakada. Testuinguru huntan, gizarte ekonomiak arrisku sozial bereziak dituztenen aldera proposatzen dituen tresnek interes berri bat sortu dute, zirkuito laburren pasatu dena lekuko. Testuinguru nahasi hortan Le social à l’epreuve des valeurs behar den tenorean agertzen da.
Historic and Cultural Situation at the Turn of the Bronze and Iron Ages in the Trans-Urals
Authors:   Tyumen Research Center of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, O. Zimina , O. Anoshko ,   Tyumen Research Center of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the generalization and systematization of archaeological materials obtained during the excavations of sites of the late Bronze and early Early Iron Ages on the territory of the Trans-Urals. Comparative characteristics of the main life-supporting elements (settlement system, settlement planning, house-building, economy, ceramic production) of the carriers of the Mezhovka, Barkhatovo, Gamayun, Itkul (Iset) and Baitovo cultures made it possible for the authors to present one of the options for the development of the cultural-historical situation in the Trans-Urals forest-steppe and subtaiga zones at the turn of the Bronze and Iron epochs. Qualitative and quantitative data indicate dynamic transformation processes during this period, confirm the synchronicity of the Mezhovka and Barkhatovo cultures, the alien character of the Gamayun and Itkul (Iset) groups at the end of the Bronze Age and the continuity of the Barkhatovo-Baitovo antiquities. At the initial stage of the early Iron Age, representatives of the Itkul culture shared the space of the forest-steppe — subtaiga with the Baitovo communities. The alien traditions are becoming obsolete and there is a complete replacement of the local “standard” — Baitovo before the spread of the Sargat-Gorokhov influence. Keywords: Trans-Urals, complexes with cross ornamentation pottery, Barkhatovo Culture, Gamayun Culture, Itkul Culture, Baitovo Culture
Sintashta as a Cultural and Historical Phenomenon of the Bronze Age
Authors:   Buketov Karaganda University, I. Kukushkin
Published: December 2021

The Sintashta culture is the most controversial ethno-cultural formation of the Bronze Age, formed in the Ural-Kazakhstan steppes. It appears suddenly and is located on the territory of the Southern Trans-Urals. Fortified settlements and burial grounds of this culture spread in a wide strip along the eastern slopes of the Ural Range. The specificity of fortified urban-type settlements, uncharacteristic for the steppe zone of Eurasia, allowed researchers to conclude that they were imported from other regions where they had been originally developed and canonized. In this regard, the most probable is the gradual migration of the population from the territory of Asia Minor, the architectural and planning standards of which demonstrate features of detailed similarity. The alleged migration took place through the Trans-Asian corridor connecting the Middle East and Central Asia to South Kazakhstan, from where paramilitary groups appear in the South Trans-Urals and create the Sintashta culture. Fortified settlements are accompanied by the appearance of burials with chariot attributes, presented in the form of an already established complex of objects and technologies. In archaeological sources, the chariot complex is represented by the remains of chariots, skeletons of draft horses, cheekpieces, as well as weapons of distance and close combat. In the steppes of Eurasia, the war chariot becomes the most formidable and powerful weapon of the Bronze Age. Keywords: Sintashta, migration, chariot, Southern Trans-Urals, Middle East
Geophysical and Archaeological Survey of the Hillfort of Zilgi and the Barrow Cemetery of Beslan (North Ossetia)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, D. Korobov D. S., , V. Malashev ,   Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, J. W. E. Fassbinder ,   Geophysics Dept. Ludwig Maximilians-University of Munich
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to new methodological techniques in the study of widely known sites of the early stage of Alanic culture of the Central Ciscaucasia — Zilgi hillfort and Beslan kurgan catacomb burial ground (RNO — Alania). The use of satellite images, low-altitude aerial photography, photogrammetry and magnetometric survey made it possible to obtain fundamentally new information about these well-studied sites and to specify their topographic and planigraphic features in the shortest time with minimal destructions. The excavations carried out in two areas of the Beslan necropolis helped to considerably refine its chronological framework, trace the development of the necropolis from the Zilgi hillfort to the southeastern periphery and identify the area of the most recent graves dating from the middle of the 7th century AD, which were made near the eastern border of unfortified settlement of Zilgi. The non-destructive survey methodology tested by the team has wide prospects for the study of Alanic culture sites of the Central Caucasus, especially at its early stage. Keywords: North Caucasus, Alanic culture, “earthen hillforts”, barrow catacomb burials, photogrammetry, Remote Sensing data, magnetometric survey
Comparative Evaluation of Clonidine as an Adjunct to Ropivacaine for Caudal Block Anaesthesia in Children Undergoing Sub-Umbilical Surgeries
Authors: Verma Priyash , R.B. Ravishankar
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND Studies suggest that clonidine can improve the duration of analgesia, quality of pain control when used with ropivacaine for caudal blocks in children. This study was designed to understand the effects of caudally administered ropivacaine 0.25 % (1ml/kg) alone and ropivacaine 0.25 % (1ml/kg) with clonidine 2 mcg/kg, in children between 2- 10 years. METHODS Sixty children posted for various sub-umbilical surgical procedures were included after written informed consent and ethics committee approval. Children were randomly divided into 2 groups of 30 each: Group R —ropivacaine 0.25 % 1 ml/kg into caudal epidural space and Group RC—ropivacaine 0.25 % 1 ml/kg and clonidine 2 mcg/kg into caudal epidural space. RESULTS The mean age of patients was similar with no statistical difference (4.83 vs 5.36, P = 0.3353). The duration of anaesthesia was significantly longer in the RC group (544.83 minutes vs 268.00 minutes, P < 0.0001). The effect size was very high (Cohen d=23.86). The pain score was comparable up to 1 hour for the two groups. But 2 hours later, the pain scores were significantly lower for the ropivacaine and clonidine groups. The effect on motor blockade was similar in both groups with no motor blockade at 4 hours follow up. 5 cases of urinary retention were seen in the study with no statistically significant difference in terms of complication rate between the two groups. No case of hypotension or bradycardia was seen. There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of cardiovascular parameters (HR, SBP, DBP) after administration of drugs. CONCLUSIONS The addition of clonidine to ropivacaine for caudal blocks in children was associated with better quality of pain control and a longer duration of analgesia without any additional motor blockade. There was no significant difference seen in terms of complication. KEY WORDS Analgesia Duration, Caudal Analgesia, Clonidine, Pain Control, Ropivacaine.
Az egyetemi vezetői évek (1979-1990) : Részlet Csáki Csaba visszaemlékezéséből
Authors: Jámbor Attila
Published: December 2021

2020-ban Dr. Jámbor Attila, a Vállalkozásfejlesztési Intézet igazgatója, az Agrobiznisz Tanszék vezetője életútinterjút készített Dr. Csáki Csabával, egyetemünk korábbi rektorával „Hat évtized az agrárközgazdaságtan szolgálatában” címmel. A kötet felöleli Csáki Csaba egész szakmai pályafutását, ebből a rektori éveire vonatkozó részt közöljük. Ezúton is köszönjük Csáki Csaba és Jámbor Attila hozzájárulását az utánközléshez.
A magánkiadások hatása a hazai egészségügyi diagnosztikai szolgáltatók pénzügyi helyzetére : The Impact of Private Healthcare Spending on the Hungarian Medical Diagnostic Companies
Authors: Kiss Gábor Dávid , Kosztopulosz Andreász , Szládek Dániel
Published: December 2021

A magánfinanszírozás modellje a kilencvenes évek kezdete óta része a hazai egészségügynek. A 2000-es évektől azonban komolyan előtérbe kerültek ezek a csatornák, különösen a képalkotó diagnosztika és laborszolgáltatások területén, ami az itt szolgáltató vállalkozások közelebbi vizsgálatát teszi szükségessé. Elsőként az Ohlson-féle O csődkockázati mutatók által adott jelzéseket vizsgáljuk meg egy öt vállalkozásból álló mintán 2006 és 2017 között. Ezt követően az Ohlson-féle O csődkockázati mutató változásának magyarázhatóságát vizsgáljuk az egészségügyi finanszírozási környezet, a tőkepiaci helyzet és a technológiai környezetet lefedő modellek keretében, panelregressziós eljárásokkal. Megállapítható, hogy az egészségügyi finanszírozás GDP-arányos változása, illetve a kórházi ágyszám változásai gyakorolták a legkomolyabb hatást a mintában szereplő vállalatok pénzügyi helyzetének alakulására. The Hungarian healthcare services are partially financed on private basis since the 1990s. This channel gained increasing popularity in the 2000s especially on the fields of medical imaging and labour diagnostics – what motivates a deeper corporate analysis on annual report data between 2006 and 2017. Financial conditions were studied with the assumption of the Ohlson O bankruptcy ratio, and their changes were monitored trough three different panel regression models: one focused on general and public healthcare spending and hospital capacities, while the second contained the financial market-related variables as the third referred on the technological environment. The changes of healthcare funding to GDP ratios and hospital bed numbers surpassed all other variables on the financial conditions of the sample companies.
Elitegyetemek, elitegyetemek mindenhol!avagy mi az Egyesült Államok felsőoktatásának titka? : W. Bentley MacLeod -Miguel Urquiola: Why Does the United States Have the Beast Research Universities? Incentives, Resources, and Virtuous Circles (Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 35, No. 1. 185-206, 2021)
Authors: Mihele Mihály András
Published: December 2021

A következőkben a Journal of Economic Perspectives hasábjain 2021-ben publikált tanulmány leglényegesebb megállapításait igyekszem kiemelni és ismertetni. A szerzőpáros kutatásának kérdése az volt, hogy feltárják, vajon mi vezetett ahhoz, hogy míg az Amerika Egyesült Államokban a XIX. század végén még egyetlen egyetem sem tartozott a világ legjobbjai közé, addig ma a 100 legjobb egyetem közel fele ebben az országban található.
Termelékenységnövekedés a COVID-19 járvány után : James Manyika-Michael Spence: A Better Boom. How to Capture the Pandemic’s Productivity Potential (Foreign Affairs, 2021, július/augusztus)
Authors: Kónya Márton
Published: December 2021

A COVID-19 világjárványt a jövőben minden bizonnyal a történelem nagy tragédiái között tartják majd számon. De ahogy más történelmi tragédiák, mint például a második világháború esetében, lehetnek közgazdászok, akik ezekben az eseményekben is felismerni vélnek rejtett lehetőségeket, amelyek hatásos kihasználásával – amennyire lehet – javítható a gazdaság teljesítménye, és így az emberi életminőség is.
STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP AND SERVICE DELIVERY IN ORGANIZATIONS: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Ragul Vitalis
Published: December 2021

Strategic leaders need to be certain about what they want to achieve for the organization. Efficient and effective leaders develop strategies and structures that are clear and work with employees that adhere to good ethical practices that enable the organizations to achieve set goals. Strategic leadership is important to all organizations, whether in public and private sector, albeit in different contexts. This paper sought to critically review literature on the link between strategic leadership and service delivery in organizations. Several theories were reviewed, namely upper echelons perspective, strategic leadership theory, principal agency theory and new public management theory. A conceptual framework was developed to provide the basis of the identified theories with a view to explaining and predicting the variables through definition of the contents and attributes of those theories. Strategic leadership was conceptualized as the independent variable while service delivery in organizations was hypothesized as the dependent variable. Conceptual and empirical studies were undertaken to examine the existing literature in strategic leadership as well as service delivery. Arising from the review, several knowledge gaps were identified. The study established that strategic leadership is applicable to all organizations with an increasing number of organizations continually embracing it upon realizing that it is a key success factor in organizational performance and therefore in the delivery of service for the benefit of the public.
utilização das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde e a atuação multiprofissional no atendimento odontológico
Authors: Pereira Inglide , Silva Juliane , Aragão Mariana
Published: December 2021

A percepção do cirurgião-dentista na Atenção Primária à Saúde acerca do cuidado integral do usuário perpassa pela compreensão da importância da atuação em equipe junto ao conceito da clínica ampliada e compartilhada. Dentre as possibilidades de atuação na perspectiva da interconsulta, as Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde compõem a diversidade de nuances do cuidar ofertadas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a experiência exitosa da utilização dessas práticas durante o atendimento odontológico realizado de forma multiprofissional e interdisciplinar em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família – USF de Camaçari/Bahia. Esse relato foi construído a partir do processo de reflexão diante da vivência de condução multiprofissional de atendimento e procedimento odontológico utilizando-se de musicoterapia, reiki, auriculoterapia e meditação em interconsulta, que favoreceu a mudança comportamental da usuária, reduzindo seus níveis de medo e angústia ao ambiente do consultório, além de proporcionar um procedimento rápido e tranquilo. A aplicação dessas práticas durante os atendimentos odontológicos ainda é pouco difundida. Torna-se fundamental a ampliação do campo científico acerca do tema, incluindo o relato de profissionais quanto aos resultados obtidos em sua aplicação, possibilitando a construção de novos conceitos e técnicas, melhorando o cuidado e a assistência ao usuário.
Finite Element Analysis of a Spur Gear Considering Mass Relief Strategies
Authors: Lima Rocha Lauro Miguel , Santana Alves Marco Túlio
Published: December 2021

This paper deals with analyzing the structural influence of mass reliefs in spur gears. For this purpose, a system composed of pinion and a gear was designed, such that for gear several geometries were designed with different reliefs shapes and soul thicknesses. From the proposed geometries, finite element analysis (FEA) was performed, and the tooth stresses of each model were compared with the solid gear. From the results, it was observed that the tooth stresses are reduced in some cases. Besides, from the aforementioned cases, it is possible to observe that the maximum stresses may take place in its core instead of the teeth (rim area). On the other hand, based on other cases, the core thickness plays an important role as a criterion that defines the local stress.
Esteroides anabolizantes androgênicos: conscientização sobre uso indiscriminado, utilização na terapêutica e relação risco-benefício
Authors: Castilho Beatriz Vieira , Ruela Luciana Pereira , Grasselli Luisa Marciano , Nunes Yasmin Teixeira , Cerdeira Cláudio Daniel , Santos Gérsika Bitencourt , Ponciano Alexandre
Published: December 2021

Os Esteroides Anabolizantes Androgênicos (EAA), derivados do hormônio testosterona, apresentam importantes efeitos positivos na terapêutica. Contudo, os efeitos deletérios advindos do uso indiscriminado são atualmente agravado pelo apelo da perfeição estética que tais substâncias supostamente traz, além de, um alto rendimento em esportes e atividades como a musculação, fazendo com que a população em geral negligencie seus riscos que podem gerar sérios agravos de saúde, inclusive óbito. Neste contexto, esta revisão traz uma análise de estudos disponíveis em diferentes bases de dados, que abordam quando e em que condições o uso seguro de EAA é aconselhado na prática médica, pesando-se à relação risco-benefício. Observamos nesta revisão que, quando utilizados em doses terapêuticas e com monitoramento por profissionais de saúde, além de serem úteis no tratamento de distúrbios de puberdade, os EAA também podem ser benéficos durante o tratamento de diversas patologias, incluindo distrofia muscular, sarcopenia, falência da medula óssea, mielofibrose e doença renal crônica, bem como é relatado que eles podem auxiliar na recuperação funcional de pacientes que necessitam de ventilação mecânica ou com permanência prolongada em unidades de terapia intensiva e períodos pós operatório. Por outro lado, o uso de EAA sem acompanhamento/prescrição e indiscriminado pode causar desde sintomas agudos, tais como: euforia, irritabilidade, hiperatividade, tensão nervosa e psicose; até a consequências mais graves associadas a exposições prolongadas e crônicas, incluindo: danos no sistema cardiovascular, hipertensão, hipertrofia no ventrículo esquerdo, arritmias, trombose e pressão diastólica alterada, nestes casos, elevando o risco de morte. Diante disto, são necessárias políticas públicas de saúde para promoção de uma maior conscientização por parte de profissionais de saúde e população em geral (principalmente praticantes de musculação), instituindo práticas que permitam o entendimento do contexto no qual esta classe terapêutica é apropriada, desde que sérios riscos à saúde associados ao uso indiscriminado destes disruptores endócrinos é relacionado à consideráveis taxas de morbidade e mortalidade.
PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALIZATIONS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CAPS IN RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Kuczynski Karoline , Vicenzi Caroline , Alves dos Santos Júnior José Milton , Jansen Karen
Published: December 2021

The CAPS was created with the objective of offering care that prioritizes the rehabilitation and psychosocial reintegration of the mentally ill individual. However, psychiatric hospitalization remains a widely used resource. This study aims to evaluate the rates of psychiatric hospitalizations and the implementation of CAPS in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, from 2008 to 2018. The study has an ecological time series design. As a result, we found a 42% increase in psychiatric hospitalizations. The CAPS coefficient was 0.64 in 2008 and increased to 0.85 (34% higher). The correlation between the CAPS coverage coefficient and the rate of psychiatric hospitalizations in RS exhibited a positive and statistically significant coefficient. These data diverge from what is found in the literature, which indicates a reduction in psychiatric hospitalizations in recent years. Thus, it is possible to conclude that there was an increase in hospitalizations and an increase in CAPS during the study period.
Fatores relacionados à baixa adesão ao tratamento de hipertensos e diabéticos
Authors: Masson Taline , Dallacosta Fabiana Meneghetti
Published: December 2021

A adesão ao tratamento é fundamental para o sucesso da terapêutica nos portadores de doenças crônicas. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os fatores relacionados a baixa adesão ao tratamento de hipertensos e diabéticos, relacionando com o estilo de vida. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, com hipertensos e diabéticos de um município de Santa Catarina. Para análise da adesão ao tratamento foi usado o Brief Medication Questionnaire, e para o estilo de vida foi usado o questionário Fantástico.Participaram 308 hipertensos e diabéticos, média de idade 65,4±10,5 anos, 96,1% hipertensos e 27,3% diabéticos. Aderentes ao tratamento totalizaram 19,8%, 28,2% são prováveis aderentes, 23,4% tem provável baixa adesão e 28,6% possuem baixa adesão. Quanto ao estilo de vida, 18,2% mantém um estilo de vida “Excelente”, 57,7% “Muito Bom”, 20,8% “Bom” e, 2,6% “Regular”. O Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC) das pessoas acima de 60 anos foi menor que dos mais jovens (p=0,00) e o IMC dos diabéticos foi maior que dos hipertensos (p=0,00). Aqueles que relataram que consumiam alimentos saudáveis, são os que têm IMC menor (p=0,02). Os usuários que realizam atividade física frequentemente possuem estilo de vida melhor quando comparados com quem pratica atividade física eventualmente (p=0,00). A adesão ainda é um desafio para os profissionais que atuam com hipertensos e diabéticos, e os cuidados relativos à prática de exercícios e controle do peso devem ser incentivados como estratégia para diminuir o risco de co-morbidades e complicações.
In vivo and in vitro efficacy of florfenicol, terbinafine, and mometasone furoate topical otic solution for the treatment of canine otitis externa
Authors: Bae Seulgi , Jin Yunseok , Oh Taeho
Published: December 2021

This study evaluated the efficacy of a new, single-dose otic solution combining florfenicol, terbinafine, and mometasone furoate for the treatment of canine otitis externa (OE) in vitro and in vivo. Forty-one client-owned dogs with OE were included in the study and divided into a treatment group that received the test solution and a negative control group that received a normal saline solution. On day 0, the dogs were treated either with the test or the control solution and evaluated over 30 days. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by clinical signs and cytological organism counts. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). After treatment with the test solution, clinical signs continuously decreased and cytological scores were significantly reduced. The results of MIC testing showed that the test solution was potent against the common pathogenic causes of canine OE. In this study, the most common causative pathogens were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas spp. and Malassezia pachydermatis. No issues related to safety were identified. Based on these results, this new ototopical drug can be used as first line treatment for canine OE.
Testimoniar en ficción. Moreno con Walsh
Authors: Bernabé Mónica
Published: December 2021

Después de medio siglo de su institucionalización, ¿por dónde y cómo volver al testimonio o discutir sobre sus frágiles fronteras, siempre presionadas por disputas disciplinares y políticas o por las tensiones irresueltas entre la voz y la escritura? ¿Cómo atender a su compleja maquinaria narrativa repleta de elipsis, saltos y condensaciones después que, ya sabemos, ha demostrado su relevancia y eficacia como prueba de la verdad en sede judicial? ¿Es posible, entonces, apostar a su reinscripción poética? Este parece ser el cometido de algunas narraciones recientes cuando, a partir de intrincadas operaciones de archivo, exploran sus múltiples derivas para incrustarlo en la zona imprecisa y ambivalente que dibuja la ficción documental. Ni como prueba de la verdad ni como la voz de los que ya no están, el testimonio en tanto documento material retorna como huella, como acontecimiento. Oración. Carta a Vicki y otras elegías políticas (2018) de María Moreno testimonia en ficción sin someterse a los formatos hegemónicos de la biografía ni de la autobiografía. Apela a la re-escritura para ponerse en el lugar de otro y suplantar al autor como heredera, desdoblarse y experimentar por él, con él.