bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contrasting evolutionary patterns between two haplogroups of Haematobia exigua (Diptera: Muscidae) from the mainland and islands of Southeast Asia
Authors: Low Van Lun , Tan Tiong Kai , Prakash Batah Kunalan , Vinnie-Siow Wei Yin , Tay Sun Tee , Masmeatathip Roungthip , Hadi Upik Kesumawati , Lim Yvonne Ai Lian , Chen Chee Dhang , Norma-Rashid Yusoff , Sofian-Azirun Mohd
Published: July 2017

Uncovering the hidden diversity and evolutionary history of arthropods of medico-veterinary importance could have significant implications for vector-borne disease control and epidemiological intervention. The buffalo fly Haematobia exigua is an obligate bloodsucking ectoparasite of livestock. As an initial step towards understanding its population structures and biogeographic patterns, we characterized partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cytb) sequences of H. exigua from three distinct geographic regions in Southeast Asia. We detected two distinct mitochondrial haplogroups of H. exigua in our surveyed geographic regions. Haplogroup I is widespread in the Southeast Asian mainland whereas haplogroup II is generally restricted to the type population Java Island. Both haplogroups were detected co-occurring on Borneo Island. Additionally, both haplogroups have undergone contrasting evolutionary histories, with haplogroup I exhibited a high level of mitochondrial diversity indicating a population expansion during the Pleistocene era dating back to 98,000 years ago. However, haplogroup II presented a low level of mitochondrial diversity which argues against the hypothesis of recent demographic expansion.
Antimicrobial Efficacy and Synergy of Metal Ions against Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii in Planktonic and Biofilm Phenotypes
Authors: Vaidya Misha Y. , McBain Andrew J. , Butler Jonathan A. , Banks Craig E. , Whitehead Kathryn A.
Published: July 2017

The effects of metal ion solutions (silver, copper, platinum, gold and palladium) were determined individually and in combination against Enterococcus faecium, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Platinum, gold and palladium showed the greatest antimicrobial efficacy in zone of inhibition (ZoI) assays. When tested in combinations using ZoI assays, gold/platinum, gold/palladium and platinum/palladium were indicative of synergy. Microbial inhibitory concentration demonstrated platinum and gold against Enterococcus faecium, platinum against Klebsiella pneumoniae and platinum and silver against Acinetobacter baumannii were optimal. Minimal bactericidal concentrations determined the greatest bactericidal activity was again platinum gold and palladium against all three bacteria. Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) studies demonstrated that the silver/platinum combination against Enterococcus faecium, and silver/copper combination against Acinetobacter baumannii demonstrated antimicrobial synergy. Following crystal violet biofilm assays for single metal ion solutions, antimicrobial efficacies were demonstrated for all the metals against all the bacteria Synergistic assays against biofilms demonstrated gold/palladium, gold/platinumand platinum/palladium resulted in the greatest antimicrobial efficacy. Overall, platinum, palladium and gold metal ion solutions in individual use or combination demonstrated the greatest antimicrobial efficacies against planktonic or biofilm bacteria. This work demonstrates the potential for using a range of metal ions, as biocidal formulations against both planktonic or biofilm bacteria.
Assessment of different techniques for 3D superimposition of serial digital maxillary dental casts on palatal structures
Authors: Vasilakos Georgios , Schilling Roman , Halazonetis Demetrios , Gkantidis Nikolaos
Published: July 2017

Serial 3-dimensional dental model superimposition provides a risk-free, detailed evaluation of morphological alterations on a patient’s mouth. Here, we evaluated accuracy and precision of five palatal areas, used for superimposition of maxillary 3D digital dental casts. Sixteen pre- and post-orthodontic treatment dental casts of growing patients (median time lapse: 15.1 months) were superimposed on each palatal area using the iterative closest point algorithm. Area A (medial 2/3 of the third rugae and a small area dorsal to them) was considered the gold standard, due to high anatomical stability. Areas B, C, and D added a distal extension along the midpalatal raphe, an anterior extension to the second rugae, and the remaining palatal surface, respectively. Area E was similar to A, located more posteriorly. Non parametric multivariate models showed minimal or no effect on accuracy and precision by operator, time point, or software settings. However, the choice of superimposition area resulted in statistically significant differences in accuracy and clinically significant differences in detected tooth movement (95% limits of agreement exceeding 1 mm and 3°). Superimposition on area A provided accurate, reproducible, and precise results. Outcomes were comparable for area B, but deteriorated when alternative areas were used.
pH and Urea Estimation in Urine Samples using Single Fluorophore and Ratiometric Fluorescent Biosensors
Authors: Chaudhari Rashmi , Joshi Abhijeet , Srivastava Rohit
Published: July 2017

Kidney diseases remain often undiagnosed due to inefficient screening methods available at patient’s disposal. Early diagnosis and effective management of kidney problems can best be addressed by the development of biosensors for commonly occurring clinical biomarkers. Here we report the development of single fluorophore and dual fluorophore ratiometric biosensors based on alginate microspheres for pH and urea analysis in urine samples. A facile method of air driven atomization was used for developing these polymeric fluorophore and enzyme based biosensors. Ratiometric biosensors were developed using layer-by-layer coating of polyelectrolyte conjugated to reference fluorophores. Biosensing studies using these biosensors showed that samples in pathophysiological range can be measured having pH range of 4–8 and urea levels between 0–50 mM. Testing of urine samples using these biosensors showed that both pH and urea detection can be accurately performed without interference. Thus, we believe that FITC-Dextran and FITC-Dextran/RuBpy based pH and urea biosensors show a great potential to be translated as a point of care device for pH and urea biosensing in early detection and continuous monitoring of kidney diseases.
Annual variations of monsoon and drought detected by GPS: A case study in Yunnan, China
Authors: Jiang Weiping , Yuan Peng , Chen Hua , Cai Jianqing , Li Zhao , Chao Nengfang , Sneeuw Nico
Published: July 2017

The Global Positioning System (GPS) records monsoonal precipitable water vapor (PWV) and vertical crustal displacement (VCD) due to hydrological loading, and can thus be applied jointly to diagnose meteorological and hydrological droughts. We have analyzed the PWV and VCD observations during 2007.0–2015.0 at 26 continuous GPS stations located in Yunnan province, China. We also obtained equivalent water height (EWH) derived from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) and precipitation at these stations with the same period. Then, we quantified the annual variations of PWV, precipitation, EWH and VCD and provided empirical relationships between them. We found that GPS-derived PWV and VCD (positive means downward movement) are in phase with precipitation and GRACE-derived EWH, respectively. The annual signals of VCD and PWV show linearly correlated amplitudes and a two-month phase lag. Furthermore, the results indicate that PWV and VCD anomalies can also be used to explore drought, such as the heavy drought during winter/spring 2010. Our analysis results verify the capability of GPS to monitor monsoon variations and drought in Yunnan and show that a more comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of regional monsoon and drought can be achieved by integrating GPS-derived PWV and VCD with precipitation and GRACE-derived EWH.
Centrosomal protein 55 activates NF-κB signalling and promotes pancreatic cancer cells aggressiveness
Authors: Peng Tao , Zhou Wei , Guo Feng , Wu He-shui , Wang Chun-you , Wang Li , Yang Zhi-yong
Published: July 2017

Centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) is a microtubule-bundling protein that participants in cell mitosis. It is overexpressed in several solid tumours and promotes the growth and invasion of cancer cells. However, the role of CEP55 in pancreatic cancer (PANC) remains unclear. Herein, upregulated expression of CEP55 (associated with poor prognosis) was detected in PANC using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Cell migration, colony formation, wound-healing, and Transwell matrix penetration assays, revealed that upregulation of CEP55 promoted PANC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, whereas knockdown of CEP55 attenuated it. In an in vivo murine model, CEP55 overexpression accelerated PANC cells tumourigenicity, together with upregulation of the protein levels of invasion-related proteins matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9, and proliferation-related protein Cyclin D1. Downregulation of CEP55 had the reverse effect. Moreover, the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/IκBα signalling pathway, which was activated in CEP55-transduced PANC cells and inhibited in CEP55-silenced PANC cells, contributed to CEP55-mediated PANC cell aggressiveness. This study provided new insights into the oncogenic roles of CEP55 and the mechanism by which the NF-κB pathway is hyperactivated in patients with PANC, indicating that CEP55 is a valuable prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in PANC.
Novel small RNA spike-in oligonucleotides enable absolute normalization of small RNA-Seq data
Authors: Lutzmayer Stefan , Enugutti Balaji , Nodine Michael D.
Published: July 2017

Normalization of high-throughput small RNA sequencing (sRNA-Seq) data is required to compare sRNA levels across different samples. Commonly used relative normalization approaches can cause erroneous conclusions due to fluctuating small RNA populations between tissues. We developed a set of sRNA spike-in oligonucleotides (sRNA spike-ins) that enable absolute normalization of sRNA-Seq data across independent experiments, as well as the genome-wide estimation of sRNA:mRNA stoichiometries when used together with mRNA spike-in oligonucleotides.
A Practical Model Evaluating Antiviral Cytokines by Natural Killer Cells in Treatment Naïve Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Gu Yurong , Guo Xiaobo , Gu Lin , Zhou Liang , Wu Xiaojuan , Wang Xueqin , Stamataki Zania , Huang Yuehua
Published: July 2017

Natural killer (NK) cells play a major role in anti-viral immunity as first line defense during hepatitis B infection, particularly in untreated patients whose T cells functions are profoundly impaired. Cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α produced by NK cells are important anti-viral factors. However, there is lack of a quantifiable model to evaluate cytokine responses by NK cells. In this study, almost half of the patients (47.9%) beyond treatment criteria had high cytokine activity, although it was lower than those recommended for antiviral therapy (78.2%). Moreover, we developed a model that low levels of HBsAg, HBcAb, and albumin and high fibrosis values predicted strong antiviral cytokine production by NK cells. Based on the cut-off score (0.361) obtained from the multivariable model, patients with 67%, 8%, 92%, and 74% in immune-active (IA), immune-tolerant (IT), immune-inactive (IC), and grey zone (GZ), respectively, showed active antiviral cytokines produced by NK cells. These results suggest that those who possess activated cytokine responses beyond the current treatment criteria may have potential implications for the timing of antiviral therapy to achieve better virus control.
Carrier-Mediated and Energy-Dependent Uptake and Efflux of Deoxynivalenol in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Mu Peiqiang , Wen Jikai , Deng Yiqun
Published: July 2017

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most abundant mycotoxins and exerts many adverse effects on humans and animals. To date, the transporting mechanism of DON in mammalian cells remains unclear. In this study, the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), Transwell models and metabolic inhibitors were used to determine the possible transporting mechanisms of DON in Caco-2, MDCK and HepG2 cells. PAMPA and Transwell models showed reduced passive transport and increased intestinal absorption, indicating a carrier-mediated transporting mechanism. Furthermore, higher unidirectional transport of DON was observed in the basolateral-to-apical direction than in the apical-to-basolateral direction, indicating the existence of efflux proteins. Interestingly, DON was accumulated in the nucleus, and no DON was detected in mitochondria, indicating that the nucleus may be the main target organelle of DON. Moreover, the use of various transporter inhibitors in different cells shows that organic anion transporters, organic cation transporters, and organic anion-transporting polypeptides participate in DON uptake, and P-glycoprotein is the major efflux protein. Importantly, DON uptake is strongly inhibited by metabolic inhibitors and is highly dependent on temperature. In summary, carrier-mediated and energy-dependent uptake and efflux mechanisms for DON in mammalian cells are reported, aiding in improving our understanding of its toxicological mechanisms.
Coherence properties of different light sources and their effect on the image sharpness and speckle of holographic displays
Authors: Deng Yuanbo , Chu Daping
Published: July 2017

Coherence properties of different light sources and how they affect the image quality of holographic display are investigated. Temporal coherence is related to the intrinsic spectrum bandwidth of the light source, while spatial coherence can be affected by the size of the light source and propagation distance in use. These two coherence properties are measured for various light sources of diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) laser, laser diode (LD), light emitting diode (LED), super luminescent light emitting diode (sLED) and micro light emitting diode (mLED) in different settings, together with the quality of the holographic reconstructed images. Although the image sharpness and speckle are related to both coherence parameters, our results and subsequent analysis show that the spatial coherence can be linked directly to the image sharpness and the temporal coherence to the speckle. This will provide a quantitative way not only to optimize the image quality between uniformity and sharpness but also to determine the safety power level for different light sources when viewing the produced images by human eyes directly.
Marker-trait association analysis of frost tolerance of 672 worldwide pea (Pisum sativum L.) collections
Authors: Liu Rong , Fang Li , Yang Tao , Zhang Xiaoyan , Hu Jinguo , Zhang Hongyan , Han Wenliang , Hua Zeke , Hao Junjie , Zong Xuxiao
Published: July 2017

Frost stress is one of the major abiotic stresses causing seedling death and yield reduction in winter pea. To improve the frost tolerance of pea, field evaluation of frost tolerance was conducted on 672 diverse pea accessions at three locations in Northern China in three growing seasons from 2013 to 2016 and marker-trait association analysis of frost tolerance were performed with 267 informative SSR markers in this study. Sixteen accessions were identified as the most winter-hardy for their ability to survive in all nine field experiments with a mean survival rate of 0.57, ranging from 0.41 to 0.75. Population structure analysis revealed a structured population of two sub-populations plus some admixtures in the 672 accessions. Association analysis detected seven markers that repeatedly had associations with frost tolerance in at least two different environments with two different statistical models. One of the markers is the functional marker EST1109 on LG VI which was predicted to co-localize with a gene involved in the metabolism of glycoproteins in response to chilling stress and may provide a novel mechanism of frost tolerance in pea. These winter-hardy germplasms and frost tolerance associated markers will play a vital role in marker-assisted breeding for winter-hardy pea cultivar.
Full-color, large area, transmissive holograms enabled by multi-level diffractive optics
Authors: Mohammad Nabil , Meem Monjurul , Wan Xiaowen , Menon Rajesh
Published: July 2017

We show that multi-level diffractive microstructures can enable broadband, on-axis transmissive holograms that can project complex full-color images, which are invariant to viewing angle. Compared to alternatives like metaholograms, diffractive holograms utilize much larger minimum features (>10 µm), much smaller aspect ratios (<0.2) and thereby, can be fabricated in a single lithography step over relatively large areas (>30 mm ×30 mm). We designed, fabricated and characterized holograms that encode various full-color images. Our devices demonstrate absolute transmission efficiencies of >86% across the visible spectrum from 405 nm to 633 nm (peak value of about 92%), and excellent color fidelity. Furthermore, these devices do not exhibit polarization dependence. Finally, we emphasize that our devices exhibit negligible absorption and are phase-only holograms with high diffraction efficiency.
Efficient generation of single domain antibodies with high affinities and enhanced thermal stabilities
Authors: Shinozaki Naoya , Hashimoto Ryuji , Fukui Kiichi , Uchiyama Susumu
Published: July 2017

Single domain antibodies (sdAbs), made of natural single variable regions of camelid or cartilaginous fish antibodies, or unpaired variable regions of mouse or human IgGs, are some of the more promising biologic modalities. However, such conventional sdAbs have difficulties of either using unwieldy animals for immunization or having high affinity deficiencies. Herein, we offer a versatile method to generate rabbit variable domain of heavy chain (rVH) derived sdAbs with high affinities (KD values of single digit nM or less) and enhanced thermal stabilities (equal to or even higher than those of camelid derived sdAbs). It was found that a variety of rVH binders, including those with high affinities, were efficiently acquired using an rVH-displaying phage library produced at a low temperature of 16 °C. By a simple method to introduce an additional disulfide bond, their unfolding temperatures were increased by more than 20 °C without severe loss of binding affinity. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis suggested that this highly efficient thermal stabilization was mainly attributed to the entropic contribution and unique thermodynamic character of the rVHs.
Bovine milk-derived exosomes from colostrum are enriched with proteins implicated in immune response and growth
Authors: Samuel Monisha , Chisanga David , Liem Michael , Keerthikumar Shivakumar , Anand Sushma , Ang Ching-Seng , Adda Christopher G. , Versteegen Ellen , Jois Markandeya , Mathivanan Suresh
Published: July 2017

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by multiple cell types into the extracellular space. They contain cell-state specific cargos which often reflects the (patho)physiological condition of the cells/organism. Milk contains high amounts of exosomes and it is unclear whether their cargo is altered based on the lactation stage of the organism. Here, we isolated exosomes from bovine milk that were obtained at various stages of lactation and examined the content by quantitative proteomics. Exosomes were isolated by OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation from milk obtained from cow after 24, 48 and 72 h post calving. As control, exosomes were also isolated from cows during mid-lactation period which has been referred to as mature milk (MM). Biochemical and biophysical characterization of exosomes revealed the high abundance of exosomes in colostrum and MM samples. Quantitative proteomics analysis highlighted the change in the proteomic cargo of exosomes based on the lactation state of the cow. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that exosomes from colostrum are significantly enriched with proteins that can potentially regulate the immune response and growth. This study highlights the importance of exosomes in colostrum and hence opens up new avenues to exploit these vesicles in the regulation of the immune response and growth.
Effects of exogenous thymosin β4 on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury and fibrosis
Authors: Li Xiankui , Wang Lei , Chen Cai
Published: July 2017

The present study investigated the effects of exogenous thymosin β4 (TB4) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis in rodent animals. Results showed that both in mice and rats CCl4 rendered significant increases in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, hepatic malondialdehyde formation, decreases in antioxidants including superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and up-regulated expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, α-smooth muscle actin, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in the liver tissues. Hydroxyproline contents in the rat livers were increased by CCl4. Histopathological examinations indicated that CCl4 induced extensive necrosis in mice livers and pseudo-lobule formations, collagen deposition in rats livers. However, all these changes in mice and rats were significantly attenuated by exogenous TB4 treatment. Furthermore, up-regulations of nuclear factor-κB p65 protein expression by CCl4 treatment in mice and rats livers were also remarkably reduced by exogenous TB4 administration. Taken together, findings in this study suggested that exogenous TB4 might prevent CCl4-induced acute liver injury and subsequent fibrosis through alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation.
Alternatives to mineral oil adjuvants in vaccines against Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in rainbow trout offer reductions in adverse effects
Authors: Villumsen Kasper Rømer , Koppang Erling Olaf , Christensen Dennis , Bojesen Anders Miki
Published: July 2017

In an effort to reduce the frequency and severity of adverse reactions seen from the use of mineral oil adjuvants in salmonid fish, the effects of two alternative adjuvants were assessed, focusing on the induction of adverse effects as well as protection. Using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as recipients, injection vaccines based on formalin-inactivatedAeromonas salmonicidasubspeciessalmonicidawere formulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, the liposomal cationic adjuvant formulation 01 (CAF01) or with Freund’s incomplete adjuvant and administered intraperitoneally. Control groups of unvaccinated, Tris-buffered saline-injected or bacterin-injected individuals were included, and each group included in the study held a total number of 240 individuals. Subsequently, individuals from each group were examined for differences in Fulton’s condition factor, macro- and microscopic pathological changes, as well as protection against experimental infection withA. salmonicida. While adverse effects were not eliminated, reductions in microscopic and macroscopic adverse effects, in particular, were seen for both the nucleotide- and liposome-based vaccine formulations. Furthermore, the induced protection appears similar to that of the benchmark formulation, thus introducing viable, potential alternative types of adjuvants for use in future fish vaccines.
Nitrogen-doped Carbon Dots Mediated Fluorescent on-off Assay for Rapid and Highly Sensitive Pyrophosphate and Alkaline Phosphatase Detection
Authors: Hu Yalei , Geng Xin , Zhang Lin , Huang Zhongming , Ge Jia , Li Zhaohui
Published: July 2017

In this report, a novel fluorescent sensing platform using nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) as probes for fluorescence signal transmission has been designed for the detection of significant biomolecules pyrophosphate (PPi) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The high fluorescent N-CDs could be selectively quenched by Cu2+, and recovered by the addition of PPi because PPi preferentially binds to Cu2+. Once ALP was introduced into the system, ALP can specifically hydrolyze PPi into Pi, the intense fluorescence of N-CDs could be quenched again due to the recombination of the as-released Cu2+ with N-CDs. So, fluorescence of N-CDs is regulated by an ALP-triggered reaction. Based on this strategy, we demonstrated that N-CDs could serve as a very effective fluorescent sensing platform for label-free, sensitive and selective detection of PPi and ALP with low detection limit of 0.16 μM and 0.4 U/L for PPi and ALP, respectively. Moreover, the assay time is just around 0.5 min for PPi and 30 min for ALP. This developed strategy shows remarkable advantages including sensitive, rapid, simple, convenient, and low-cost and so forth. Furthermore, this method was also successfully applied to monitor ALP in human serum, which indicates its great potential for practical applications in biological and clinical diagnosis.
Improvement in the production of the human recombinant enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (rhGALNS) in Escherichia coli using synthetic biology approaches
Authors: Reyes Luis H. , Cardona Carolina , Pimentel Luisa , Rodríguez-López Alexander , Alméciga-Díaz Carlos J.
Published: July 2017

Previously, we demonstrated production of an active recombinant human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (rhGALNS) enzyme in Escherichia coli as a potential therapeutic alternative for mucopolysaccharidosis IVA. However, most of the rhGALNS produced was present as protein aggregates. Here, several methods were investigated to improve production and activity of rhGALNS. These methods involved the use of physiologically-regulated promoters and alternatives to improve protein folding including global stress responses (osmotic shock), overexpression of native chaperones, and enhancement of cytoplasmic disulfide bond formation. Increase of rhGALNS activity was obtained when a promoter regulated under σ
s
was implemented. Additionally, improvements were observed when osmotic shock was applied. Noteworthy, overexpression of chaperones did not have any effect on rhGALNS activity, suggesting that the effect of osmotic shock was probably due to a general stress response and not to the action of an individual chaperone. Finally, it was observed that high concentrations of sucrose in conjunction with the physiological-regulated promoter proU
mod
significantly increased the rhGALNS production and activity. Together, these results describe advances in the current knowledge on the production of human recombinant enzymes in a prokaryotic system such as E. coli, and could have a significant impact on the development of enzyme replacement therapies for lysosomal storage diseases.
The effects of transition-metal doping and chromophore anchoring on the photocurrent response of titanium-oxo-clusters
Authors: Yang Shen , Su Hu-Chao , Hou Jin-Le , Luo Wen , Zou Dan-Hong , Zhu Qin-Yu , Dai Jie
Published: July 2017

Titanium oxo-clusters with both doped metals and anchored chromophores were synthesized and characterized. The photocurrent densities of the clusters were improved by redox active metals and charge transfer chromophores.
Mg-doped OMS-2 nanorods: a highly efficient catalyst for purification of volatile organic compounds with full solar spectrum irradiation
Authors: Fang Shiming , Li Yuanzhi , Yang Yi , Chen Jian , Liu Huihui , Zhao Xiujian
Published: July 2017

Mg-doped OMS-2 nanorods have a much higher catalytic activity for VOC purification than pure OMS-2 with full solar spectrum or vis-IR irradiation.
Engineering gold-based radiosensitizers for cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Goswami Nirmal , Luo Zhentao , Yuan Xun , Leong David Tai , Xie Jianping
Published: July 2017

Gold-based nanomaterials with unique physicochemical and biological properties can potentially be used as radiosensitizers in cancer radiotherapy.
Functional single-walled carbon nanotubes ‘CAR’ for targeting dopamine delivery into the brain of parkinsonian mice
Authors: Guo Qing , You Huihui , Yang Xu , Lin Bencheng , Zhu Zhihong , Lu Zhisong , Li Xiaoxiao , Zhao Yun , Mao Lin , Shen Shiping , Cheng Haoyan , Zhang Jiting , Deng Lingfu , Fan Jianhua , Xi Zhuge , Li Rui , Li Chang Ming
Published: July 2017

Dopamine is successfully delivered by SWCNT-PEGs-Lf to the pharmacological site of Parkinson's disease.
A Waugh type [CoMo9O32]6− cluster with atomically dispersed CoIV originates from Anderson type [CoMo6O24]3− for photocatalytic oxygen molecule activation
Authors: Chen Yongdong , Zhang Chaolei , Yang Caoping , Zhang Jiangwei , Zheng Kai , Fang Qihua , Li Gao
Published: July 2017

Photocatalytic 1O2 generation was detected by diverse light source irradiation employing a [CoMo9O32]6− cluster with atomically dispersed CoIV as a photosensitizer.
A metal-free cascade reaction of β-halo-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diols: synthesis of polycyclic 2-formylthiophenes
Authors: Goswami Limi , Neog Kashmiri , Sharma Kumud , Gogoi Pranjal
Published: July 2017

A cascade reaction of β-halo-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diols for the synthesis of 2-formylthiophenes has been described employing a polymer supported organic base.
Fabrication of water dispersible and biocompatible AIE-active fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles through a “one-pot” Mannich reaction
Authors: Zeng Guangjian , Liu Meiying , Jiang Ruming , Huang Qiang , Huang Long , Wan Qing , Dai Yanfeng , Wen Yuanqing , Zhang Xiaoyong , Wei Yen
Published: July 2017

Biocompatible and water dispersible fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles with an aggregation-induced emission feature were fabricated through a facile “one-pot” Mannich reaction and utilized for biological imaging applications.
The energy dissipation and Mullins effect of tough polymer/graphene oxide hybrid nanocomposite hydrogels
Authors: Tang Ziqing , Chen Feng , Chen Qiang , Zhu Lin , Yan Xiaoqiang , Chen Hong , Ren Baiping , Yang Jia , Qin Gang , Zheng Jie
Published: July 2017

Polyacrylamide/graphene oxide hybrid NC gels exhibited high strength, high toughness and rapid self-recovery properties.
Phosphorus-based materials for high-performance rechargeable batteries
Authors: Qin Xinyu , Yan Bingyi , Yu Jia , Jin Jie , Tao Yao , Mu Chao , Wang Sicong , Xue Huaiguo , Pang Huan
Published: July 2017

A review of P based materials used in LIB/NIB and their synthesis strategies, tailored materials properties and different electrochemical performances.
Characterization and acid-catalysed depolymerization of condensed tannins derived from larch bark
Authors: Zhang Aibin , Li Jiongjiong , Zhang Shifeng , Mu Youbing , Zhang Wei , Li Jianzhang
Published: July 2017

Condensed tannins from larch bark extracts are a natural renewable and eco-friendly material and are potential substitutes for phenolic petrochemicals.
Highly compressible graphene/polyurethane sponge with linear and dynamic piezoresistive behavior
Authors: Luo Yuanzheng , Xiao Qi , Li Buyin
Published: July 2017

A high-elastic graphene/polyurethane (PU) nanocomposite with excellent electromechanical properties was fabricated by a facile ice-templated assembly strategy.
A simple methodology to predict the tunneling conductivity of polymer/CNT nanocomposites by the roles of tunneling distance, interphase and CNT waviness
Authors: Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Yop
Published: July 2017

In this work, a simple methodology is presented that describes the main tunneling conductivity of polymer/CNT nanocomposites (PCNT) assuming the tunneling distance, interphase surrounding the CNT, and CNT waviness.
Direct inhibition of Keap1–Nrf2 interaction by egg-derived peptides DKK and DDW revealed by molecular docking and fluorescence polarization
Authors: Li Liangyu , Liu Jingbo , Nie Shaoping , Ding Long , Wang Liying , Liu Jiyun , Liu Wenchao , Zhang Ting
Published: July 2017

DKK and DDW, egg-derived direct inhibitors of the Keap1–Nrf2 interaction, screening by fluorescence polarization assays and cell experiments.
Preparation of a Mg/Al/Fe layered supramolecular compound and application for removal of Cr(vi) from laboratory wastewater
Authors: Wang Xuejin , Zhu Xiaping , Meng Xingrui
Published: July 2017

Herein, a Mg/Al/Fe layered supramolecular compound (Mg/Al/Fe-LDH) was fabricatedviaa co-precipitation method with a Mg/Al/Fe mixed solution and used to remove Cr(vi) in laboratory wastewater.
Copper doped BaMnO3perovskite catalysts for NO oxidation and NO2-assisted diesel soot removal
Authors: Torregrosa-Rivero Verónica , Albaladejo-Fuentes Vicente , Sánchez-Adsuar María-Salvadora , Illán-Gómez María-José
Published: July 2017

BaMn0.7Cu0.3O3is the most active catalyst for NO2generation and soot oxidation. This behavior is a result of the enhancement of the redox properties of the catalyst due to the replacement of Mn(iii)/Mn(iv) by Cu(ii) in the perovskite structure.
Improving photocatalytic oxygenation mediated by polymer supported photosensitizers using semiconductor quantum dots as ‘light antennas’
Authors: Fabregat Víctor , Burguete M. Isabel , Luis Santiago V. , Galindo Francisco
Published: July 2017

Semiconductor nanoparticles (quantum dots) sensitize the photochemical generation of singlet oxygen at the surface of a photoactive polymer.
Correction: Tailored theranostic apolipoprotein E3 porphyrin-lipid nanoparticles target glioblastoma
Authors: Rajora M. A. , Ding L. , Valic M. , Jiang W. , Overchuk M. , Chen J. , Zheng G.
Published: July 2017

Correction for ‘Tailored theranostic apolipoprotein E3 porphyrin-lipid nanoparticles target glioblastoma’ by M. A. Rajora et al., Chem. Sci., 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00732a.
3-D vertically aligned few layer graphene – partially reduced graphene oxide/sulfur electrodes for high performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Singh D. P. , Soin N. , Sharma S. , Basak S. , Sachdeva S. , Roy S. S. , Zanderbergen H. W. , McLaughlin J. A. , Huijben M. , Wagemaker M.
Published: July 2017

3D electrodes comprising of vertically-aligned, few-layered graphene, melt impregnated with partially reduced graphene oxide/sulfur nanocomposites (3D FLG/PrGO/S) are reported for high performance (1040 mA h g−1) Li–S batteries.
Topochemical transformation of two-dimensional single crystalline Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–BaTiO3 platelets from Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 precursors and their piezoelectricity
Authors: Jiang Chao , Zhang Dou , Zhou Kechao , Yan Haixue , Zhang Hangfeng , Abrahams Isaac
Published: July 2017

Large piezoresponse strain in NBBT platelets synthesized using a topochemical route.
Nanoscale insights into Pt-impregnated mixtures of zeolites
Authors: Mendes Pedro S. F. , Taleb Anne-Lise , Gay Anne-Sophie , Daudin Antoine , Bouchy Christophe , Silva João M. , Ribeiro M. Filipa
Published: July 2017

The study of catalysts prepared by Pt deposition over mixtures of HUSY and HBEA zeolites revealed a selective deposition of Pt in HBEA sample. The characterization of nanoscale properties, as illustrated, was crucial to fully elucidate the structure of the bifunctional catalysts.
Relating defect chemistry and electronic transport in the double perovskite Ba1−xGd0.8La0.2+xCo2O6−δ (BGLC)
Authors: Vøllestad Einar , Schrade Matthias , Segalini Julie , Strandbakke Ragnar , Norby Truls
Published: July 2017

A general defect chemical model is applied to the double perovskite BGLC and used rationalize its physiochemical and electrical properties.
Carbon coated stainless steel mesh as a low-cost and corrosion-resistant current collector for aqueous rechargeable batteries
Authors: Wen Y. H. , Shao L. , Zhao P. C. , Wang B. Y. , Cao G. P. , Yang Y. S.
Published: July 2017

Carbon-coated stainless steel mesh is used as a corrosion-resistant current collector using a multi-functional binder, NaPAA, in aqueous lithium-ion battery cathodes.
Developing self-healable and antibacterial polyacrylate coatings with high mechanical strength through crosslinking by multi-amine hyperbranched polysiloxane via dynamic vinylogous urethane
Authors: Zhang Youhao , Yuan Li , Guan Qingbao , Liang Guozheng , Gu Aijuan
Published: July 2017

A novel multi-functional polyacrylate coating simultaneously showing high tensile strength, good reversible self-healing efficiency and remarkable antibacterial ability has been developed.
An easily manipulated protocol for patterning of MXenes on paper for planar micro-supercapacitors
Authors: Hu Haibo , Hua Tao
Published: July 2017

An easily manipulated protocol for patterning of MXenes on commercial printing paper for planar micro-supercapacitors is reported, with which the fabricated devices can acquire a maximal areal capacitance of 27.29 mF cm−2, achieving at least 460% enhancement compared to the value of advanced carbon-based planar MSCs (0.1–6 mF cm−2).
Simple and economic elaboration of high purity CaCO3 particles for bone graft applications using a spray pyrolysis technique
Authors: Neumeyer David , Venturini Chiara , Ratel-Ramond Nicolas , Verelst Marc , Gourdon Andre
Published: July 2017

CaCO3 particles obtained using spray pyrolysis possess all the requirements to constitute promising multi-purpose materials for bone graft applications.
Dextranated poly(urethane amine)s designed for systemic gene delivery in ovarian cancer therapy
Authors: Zhao Jie , Han Fei , Zhao Peng , Wen Xuejun , Lin Chao
Published: July 2017

Dextranated poly(urethane amine)s can be designed for robust ovarian cancer gene therapy.
Exploring the possible existence of oxygen-bridged planarized 4-aminopyridine: promising structure, charge transport and nonlinear optical properties
Authors: Muhammad Shabbir , Irfan Ahmad , Chaudhry Aijaz Rasool , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G.
Published: July 2017

In the present quantum chemical investigation, for the first time, we shed light on the promising structure, charge transport and nonlinear optical properties (NLO) of oxygen-bridged planarized 4-aminopyridine (APY3O3).
Pycnodysostosis: Novel Variants in CTSK and Occurrence of Giant Cell Tumor
Authors: Shah Hitesh , Nair Mohandas , Sharan Krishna , Jin Dong-Kyu , Cho Sung , Mathew Mary , Shukla Anju , Shambhavi Arya , Salian Smrithi , Girisha Katta
Published: July 2017

Pycnodysostosis is an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia caused by pathogenic variants in the cathepsin K (CTSK) gene. We report seven patients from four unrelated families with this condition in whom we have identified three novel pathogenic variants, c.120 + 1G > T in intron 2, c.399 + 1G > A in intron 4, and c.148T > G (p.W50G) in exon 2, and a known variant, c.568C > T (p.Q190*) in exon 5 of CTSK. We present the clinical, radiographic, and molecular findings of all individuals with molecularly proven pycnodysostosis from the present cohort. We also report the occurrence of giant cell tumor in the skull of a patient with this condition.
Neuromuscular Adaptations to Combined Strength and Endurance Training: Order and Time-of-Day
Authors: Küüsmaa-Schildt Maria , Eklund Daniela , Avela Janne , Rytkönen Tuomas , Newton Robert , Izquierdo Mikel , Häkkinen Keijo
Published: July 2017

The present study examined the effects of 24 weeks of morning vs. evening same-session combined strength (S) and endurance (E) training on neuromuscular and endurance performance. Fifty-one men were assigned to the morning (m) or evening (e) training group, where S preceded E or vice versa (SEm, ESm, SEe and ESe), or to the control group. Isometric force, voluntary activation, EMG and peak wattage during the maximal cycling test were measured. Training time did not significantly affect the adaptations. Therefore, data are presented for SEm+e (SEm+SEe) and ESm+e (ESm+ESe). In the morning, no order specific gains were observed in neuromuscular performance. In the evening, the changes in isometric force (SEm+e 15.9±16.7%, p=0.001; ESm+e 4.1±12.2%, p=0.615) and EMG (SEm+e 38.3±31.7%, p=0.001; ESm+e 14.67±36.44%, p=0.486) were larger (p=0.014) in SEm+e than in ESm+e and in voluntary activation larger (p=0.026) in SEm+e compared to controls. Peak wattage increased in the morning (SEm+e 15.9±9.2%, ESm+e 22.0±7.0%; p<0.001) and evening (SEm+e 16.3±7.2%, ESm+e 21.0±9.0%; p<0.001) but were larger (p<0.05) in ESm+e. The current training program led to greater neuromuscular adaptations when SE-training was performed in the evening, whereas the ES-training provided more optimal conditions for endurance performance adaptations both in the morning and evening.
Validity and Reliability of a New Device (WIMU®) for Measuring Hamstring Muscle Extensibility
Authors: Muyor José
Published: July 2017

The aims of the current study were 1) to evaluate the validity of the WIMU® system for measuring hamstring muscle extensibility in the passive straight leg raise (PSLR) test using an inclinometer for the criterion and 2) to determine the test-retest reliability of the WIMU® system to measure hamstring muscle extensibility during the PSLR test. 55 subjects were evaluated on 2 separate occasions. Data from a Unilever inclinometer and WIMU® system were collected simultaneously. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the validity were very high (0.983–1); a very low systematic bias (−0.21°–−0.42°), random error (0.05°–0.04°) and standard error of the estimate (0.43°–0.34°) were observed (left–right leg, respectively) between the 2 devices (inclinometer and the WIMU® system). The R2 between the devices was 0.999 (p<0.001) in both the left and right legs. The test-retest reliability of the WIMU® system was excellent, with ICCs ranging from 0.972–0.995, low coefficients of variation (0.01%), and a low standard error of the estimate (0.19–0.31°). The WIMU® system showed strong concurrent validity and excellent test-retest reliability for the evaluation of hamstring muscle extensibility in the PSLR test.
Pregnancy and Tumor Outcomes in Women with Prolactinoma
Authors: Araujo Bárbara , Belo Sandra , Carvalho Davide
Published: July 2017

Context Management of prolactinomas during pregnancy has always been a challenge. There is a concern about the risk of tumor growth, as well as the effects of the treatment on the developing fetus. Another issue that has been less studied is the outcome of women with prolactinoma after pregnancy and lactation.

Objectives To evaluate remission of hyperprolactinaemia after pregnancy and lactation in women with prolactinoma. To describe the safety of dopamine agonists for the fetus and pregnancy outcomes.

Methods A retrospective study of 32 pregnancies in women with prolactinoma was conducted in a single-centre. Other causes of hyperprolactinemia were excluded. Prolactin level was recorded at the time of diagnosis, during treatment, and during follow-up.

Results The pregnancies resulted in one spontaneous abortion (3.1%) and 31 live births (96.9%). No stillbirths, multiple or ectopic pregnancies or trophoblastic disease were recorded. There was only one malformation (club foot) recorded (3.1%) and normalisation of prolactin after pregnancy without medical treatment occurred in 12% of patients.

Conclusions Fetal exposure to bromocriptine or cabergoline during pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk of adverse neonatal or pregnancy disclosures. There is considerable diversity among endocrinologists in the management of prolactinomas during pregnancy and after birth, which indicates that there is a need for better consensus and for carefully drawn-up guidelines to follow.
A weak electric field-assisted ultrafast electrical switching dynamics in In3SbTe2 phase-change memory devices
Authors: Pandey Shivendra Kumar , Manivannan Anbarasu
Published: July 2017

Prefixing a weak electric field (incubation) might enhance the crystallization speed via pre-structural ordering and thereby achieving faster programming of phase change memory (PCM) devices. We employed a weak electric field, equivalent to a constant small voltage (that is incubation voltage, Vi of 0.3 V) to the applied voltage pulse, VA (main pulse) for a systematic understanding of voltage-dependent rapid threshold switching characteristics and crystallization (set) process of In3SbTe2 (IST) PCM devices. Our experimental results on incubation-assisted switching elucidate strikingly one order faster threshold switching, with an extremely small delay time, td of 300 ps, as compared with no incubation voltage (Vi = 0 V) for the same VA. Also, the voltage dependent characteristics of incubation-assisted switching dynamics confirm that the initiation of threshold switching occurs at a lower voltage of 0.82 times of VA. Furthermore, we demonstrate an incubation assisted ultrafast set process of IST device for a low VA of 1.7 V (∼18 % lesser compared to without incubation) within a short pulse-width of 1.5 ns (full width half maximum, FWHM). These findings of ultrafast switching, yet low power set process would immensely be helpful towards designing high speed PCM devices with low power operation.
Toll-like receptor expression patterns in the rat uterus during post partum involution
Authors: Alan Emel , Liman Narin
Published: July 2017

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong to a family of pathogen recognition receptors and play critical roles in detecting and responding to invading pathogens. TLR expression could be significant because, in the uterus, the reproductive tract is an important site of exposure to and infection by pathogens during the post partum involution period. To clarify the expression and localisation patterns of TLRs in the rat uterus on Days 1, 3, 5 and 10 post partum (PP1, PP3, PP5 and PP10 respectively), immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to analyse TLR1–7, TLR9 and TLR10. The immunohistochemistry results indicated that TLR1–7, TLR9 and TLR10 were localised in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of luminal and glandular epithelium, stromal fibroblasts and myometrial cells in the rat uterus. In the luminal epithelium, TLR4–7 were also found in lateral membranes, whereas TLR10 was present in apical membranes. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of TLR proteins increased with the number of days post partum, reaching a maximum on PP10, although levels did not differ significantly from those on PP1 (P > 0.05). These findings confirm that TLR1–7, TLR9 and TLR10 are constitutively expressed in uterine cells and that localisation pattern of TLRs in the endometrium varies with structural changes in the uterus on different days of involution. These results suggest that TLRs may play a role in uterine repair and remodelling during physiological involution.
DNA damage regulates direct association of TOR kinase with the RNA polymerase II–transcribedHMO1gene
Authors: Panday Arvind , Gupta Ashish , Srinivasa Kavitha , Xiao Lijuan , Smith Mathew D. , Grove Anne
Published: July 2017

The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) senses nutrient sufficiency and cellular stress. When mTORC1 is inhibited, protein synthesis is reduced in an intricate process that includes a concerted down-regulation of genes encoding rRNA and ribosomal proteins. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae high-mobility group protein Hmo1p has been implicated in coordinating this response to mTORC1 inhibition. We show here that Tor1p binds directly to the HMO1 gene (but not to genes that are not linked to ribosome biogenesis) and that the presence of Tor1p is associated with activation of gene activity. Persistent induction of DNA double-strand breaks or mTORC1 inhibition by rapamycin results in reduced levels of HMO1 mRNA, but only in the presence of Tor1p. This down-regulation is accompanied by eviction of Ifh1p and recruitment of Crf1p, followed by concerted dissociation of Hmo1p and Tor1p. These findings uncover a novel role for TOR kinase in control of gene activity by direct association with an RNA polymerase II–transcribed gene.