bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lung Dendritic Cells in Respiratory Viral Infection and Asthma: From Protection to Immunopathology
Authors: Lambrecht Bart N. , Hammad Hamida
Published: March 2012

Lung dendritic cells (DCs) bridge innate and adaptive immunity, and depending on context, they also induce a Th1, Th2, or Th17 response to optimally clear infectious threats. Conversely, lung DCs can also mount maladaptive Th2 immune responses to harmless allergens and, in this way, contribute to immunopathology. It is now clear that the various aspects of DC biology can be understood only if we take into account the functional specializations of different DC subsets that are present in the lung in homeostasis or are attracted to the lung as part of the inflammatory response to inhaled noxious stimuli. Lung DCs are heavily influenced by the nearby epithelial cells, and a model is emerging whereby direct communication between DCs and epithelial cells determines the outcome of the pulmonary immune response. Here, we have approached DC biology from the perspective of viral infection and allergy to illustrate these emerging concepts.
Pathogenesis of Human B Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Shaffer Arthur L. , Young Ryan M. , Staudt Louis M.
Published: March 2012

The mechanisms that drive normal B cell differentiation and activation are frequently subverted by B cell lymphomas for their unlimited growth and survival. B cells are particularly prone to malignant transformation because the machinery used for antibody diversification can cause chromosomal translocations and oncogenic mutations. The advent of functional and structural genomics has greatly accelerated our understanding of oncogenic mechanisms in lymphomagenesis. The signaling pathways that normal B cells utilize to sense antigens are frequently derailed in B cell malignancies, leading to constitutive activation of prosurvival pathways. These malignancies co-opt transcriptional regulatory systems that characterize their normal B cell counterparts and frequently alter epigenetic regulators of chromatin structure and gene expression. These mechanistic insights are ushering in an era of targeted therapies for these cancers based on the principles of pathogenesis.
Synthesis of Novel Schiff Base and Azetidinone Derivatives and their Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Vashi Kamal , Naik H. B.
Published: March 2012

A series of Compound 4‐(2᾽‐hydroxy‐3᾽‐chloro‐5᾽‐ethyl phen‐1᾽‐yl)‐1‐(4᾽‐tolyl)‐3‐chloro‐2‐azetidinone 4a‐j have been prepared by the reaction of 2 ‐hydroxy‐3 ‐chloro‐5 ‐ethyl‐N‐(p‐tolyl)‐chalconimines 3a‐j with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. The Schiff base derivatives 3a‐j has been prepared by the condensation of different substituted chalone derivatives 1 with p‐toluidine 2. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
Synthesis of Some New Azetidinone Derivatives Containing Aryl Sulfonyloxy Group
Authors: Patel H. S. , Desai H. D.
Published: March 2012

Some novel azetidinone derivatives containing aryl sulfonyloxy group have been prepared. The 4‐sulfonyloxy aniline derivative (2) has been prepared by reaction of 4‐nitro phenol (sodium salt) with N‐acetyl sulfanilyl chloride (ASC) followed by hydrolysis by ethanolic HCl. This compound (2) undergoes facile condensation reaction with aromatic aldehydes to yield different Schiff’s bases (3a‐h). Cyclocondensation of compounds (3a‐h) with chloro acetyl chloride yields different 2‐azetidinone derivatives (4a‐h).
Synthetic and Antimicrobial Studies of Some new Chalcones of 3‐Bromo‐4‐(p‐tolyl sulphonamido) acetophenone
Authors: Jain Miss Rashmi , Chourasia O. P. , Rao J. Tirumala
Published: March 2012

Eleven new chalcones have been sysnthesised by condensing 3‐bromo‐4‐(p‐tolyl sulphonamido) acetophenone with different aromatic aldehydes using the method or Rohrman et al. The antimicrobial activity of these chalcones has been tested by adopting “paper disc diffusion plate method”, against various pathogenic fungi and bacteria. It has been found that the chalcones have considerable antifungal activity but less antibacterial activity. The results show that these chalcones may find use as antifungal agents.
Studies on the Electrical and Optical Properties of Magnesium Phthalocyanine Thin Films
Authors: Gopinathan T. G. , Menon C. S.
Published: March 2012

Thin films of Magnesium Phthalocyanine (MgPc) are prepared by thermal evaporation technique at a base pressure of 10-5 m.bar on thoroughly cleaned glass substrates kept at different constant temperatures. Films of thickness 2400 A.U. coated at room temperature are subjected to post deposition annealing in air by keeping them in a furnace at different constant temperatures, for one hour. The electrical conductivity studies are conducted in the temperature range 300 K to 525 K. The electrical conductivity is plotted as a function of absolute temperature. The conduction mechanism is observed to be hopping. The thermal activation energy is calculated in different cases and is observed to vary with substrate temperature and annealing temperature. A phase change is observed due to post‐deposition annealing at around 523 K. The optical absorption studies are done in the UV‐Visible region. The optical band gap energies of the samples are calculated.
Solvent Free Synthesis of Chalcones and their Antibacterial Activities
Authors: K. Saini K. Rajendra , Choudhary S. Amit , Joshi Yogesh. C. , Joshi P.
Published: March 2012

The solvent free synthesis of six chalcones was carried out by grinding the piperanal and the acetophenone (unsubstituted, 4‐methyl, 4‐methoxy, 4‐bromo, 4‐nitro, 3‐chloro) in the presence of solid sodium hydroxide with a mortar and pestle. In general, the chalcones were obtained in high yield and high purity. Minor quantities of Ketol and Michael addition product were easily removed by recrystallization. The result indicates a correlation between the success of the solvent‐free synthesis and melting point of the chalcone. Chalcone with relatively high melting points (higher than 80°C) were obtained in high yields. The two chalcones that could not be produced in good yields were having relatively low melting points. They have been screened for their antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.
Standardization Study of Antifertility Drug ‐ Pippalyadiyoga
Authors: Shaila D. , Santosh M. K. , Chowdhury Biswajit , Rajyalakshmi I. , Sanjeevarao I.
Published: March 2012

The present paper deals with the standardization study of pippalyadiyoga powder. It is used as a long acting contraceptive. The standardization of compound drug has been achieved by physico‐chemical analysis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint studies. Quantitative evaluation of borax in pippalyadiyoga showed 19.08% as sodium borate. RP‐HPLC was performed using methanol and water as mobile phase. The detection and quantification was performed at a wavelength of 345 nm. Linearity of detector response for piperine was between the concentrations 0.005% to 0.1%. The correlation coefficient obtained for the linearity was 0.998. The recovery value of standard piperine was 99.4%. Low value of standard deviation and coefficient of variation are indicative of high precision of the method. Quantitative evaluation of piperine in pippalyadiyoga was found to be 0.339%.
Antiviral Activity of Substituted Chalcones and their Respective Cu(ii), Ni(ii) and Zn(ii) Complexes
Authors: Mallikarjun K. G.
Published: March 2012

Complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) with of 3‐(phenyl)‐1‐(2’‐hydroxynaphthyl) – 2 – propen – 1 – one (PHPO) , 3 ‐ (4‐chlorophenyl) ‐ 1‐ (2’‐hydroxynaphthyl)–2–propen – 1 – one (CPHPO), 3 ‐ (4 ‐methoxyphenyl) ‐1‐(2’‐hydroxynapthyl)‐2‐propen‐1‐one(MPHPO),3 ‐ (3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl) –1‐(2’‐hydroxynaphthyl) – 2 ‐ propen– 1 – one (DMPHPO) have been prepared and the purity of the samples were checked by elemental analysis. The ligands and their Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes were tested on the infectivity of tobacco ring spot virus(TRSV) using cowpea (Vigna Sinensis) as a local lesions assay host. All the compounds were tested at different concentrations (250 ppm to 1500 ppm)on the infectivity of the virus by applying them either with virus inoculum or 24 h before of after virus inoculation to the test plants. The compounds were found to have varied effects on virus infectivity depending on compounds concentration and method of application. The statistical significance of the data was determined by using analysis of variance.
Synthesis, Spectral, Magnetic and Thermal Studies of the Complexes of CoII and NiII With Some Bidentate and Tridentate Hydrazone Ligands
Authors: Modi Chetan K. , Patel Ashwin S. , Thaker Bharat T.
Published: March 2012

The reaction of Co(NO3)2.6H2O and Ni(NO3)2.6H2O with hydrazones derived from 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐acyl‐5‐pyrazolone (where acyl = acetyl, propionyl, butyryl and benzoyl) with 2‐picolinic acid hydrazide have been studied and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, magnetic moments, molar conductivity measurements, IR and electronic spectral studies and thermogravimetric analysis. Various ligand field parameters have been calculated. Electronic spectral data and the magnetic moment values suggest an octahedral structure for all cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes.
Theoretical Evaluation of Refractive Index in Binary Liquid Mixtures
Authors: Baluja Shipra , Pandaya Nirmal , Kachhadia Nikunj , Solanki Asif
Published: March 2012

The density and refractive index (RI) for four binary liquid mixtures: diethyl malonate + dimethylformamide (DEM+DMF), diethyl malonate + Hexane (DEM+HEX), diethyl malonate + tetrahydrofuran (DEM+THF), diethyl malonate + 1,4‐dioxane (DEM+DO) have been measured. The experimental values are compared with those calculated from Lorentz‐Lorentz, Heller, Newton and Gladstone ‐Dale mixing rules.
Synthesis of 1, 4‐ Dihydropyrano [2, 3‐c] pyrazole Derivatives with no Catalyst Under Ultrasound Irradiation
Authors: Shu-Xiang Wang , Wei Wang , Ji-Tai Li
Published: March 2012

A series of 6‐amino‐4‐aryl‐5‐cyano‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1, 4‐dihydropyrano [2, 3‐c]pyrazoles were synthesized in 84%‐95% yields by the condensation of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile with 3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐2‐pyrazolin ‐5‐one with no catalyst under ultrasound irradiation.
The Effect of Deposition Rate on Electrical, Optical and Structural Properties of ITO Thin Films
Authors: Raghupathi P. S. , George Joseph , Menon C. S.
Published: March 2012

Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films have been prepared using the reactive evaporation technique on glass substrates in an oxygen atmosphere. It is found that the deposition rate plays prominent role in controlling the electrical and optical properties of the ITO thin films. Resistivity, electrical conductivity, activation energy, optical transmission and band gap energy were investigated. A transmittance value of more than 90% in the visible region of the spectrum and an electrical conductivity of 3x10–6 Ωm has been obtained with a deposition rate of 2 nm/min. XRD studies showed that the films are polycrystalline.
Studies on Synthesis of Some Novel Heterocyclic Chalcone, Pyrazoline, Pyrimidine ‐ 2 ‐ One, Pyrimidine ‐ 2 ‐ Thione, para‐Acetanilide Sulphonyl and Benzoyl Derivatives and their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Mistry Rakesh N. , Desai K. R.
Published: March 2012

1, 2 ‐ Dichloro benzene on chlorosulphonation by chlorosulphonic acid gives 1, 2 ‐ [dichloro] ‐ benzene sulphonyl chloride which on condensation with p –amino acetophenone gives 1‐[acetyl] ‐ 1’ , 2’ ‐ [dichloro] ‐ dibenz sulphonamide derivative. This derivative undergo condensation with 2,4‐ dichloro benzaldehyde gives 1‐ [3” ‐ (sub. phenyl) ‐ 2” ‐ propene ‐ 1” ‐ one] ‐ 1’ , 2’ ‐ [dichloro] ‐ dibenz sulphonamide derivative which on reaction with 99% hydrazine hydrate and glacial acetic acid gives 1‐[acetyl]‐3‐ [1’ , 2’ ‐ (dichloro) ‐ dibenz sulphonamide] ‐5 ‐ [2” , 4” ‐ dichloro phenyl] ‐ 2 ‐ pyrazoline derivative. This derivative reacts with various substituted aldehydes to give corresponding substituted chalcone derivatives [1(a‐j)]. Now, these chalcone derivatives [1(a‐j)] on condensation with urea gives corresponding substituted pyrimidine ‐ 2 ‐ one derivatives [2(a‐j)] and on condensation with thio‐urea gives corresponding substituted pyrimidine‐ 2 ‐thione derivatives [3(a‐j)]. Further, these chalcone derivatives [1(a‐j)] on reaction with 99% hydrazine hydrate gives 1 ‐ [1’ ‐ (H) ‐ 5’ ‐ (sub. phenyl) ‐ 2’ ‐ pyrazoline]‐ 3 ‐ [1” , 2” ‐ (dichloro) ‐ dibenz sulphonamide] ‐ 5 ‐ [2’’’ , 4’’’ ‐ dichloro phenyl]‐2‐ pyrazoline derivatives [4(a‐j)] as an intermediate compounds, which on condensation with p‐acetanilide sulphonyl chloride gives corresponding substituted p ‐ acetanilide sulphonyl derivatives [5(a‐j)] and on condensation with benzoyl chloride gives corresponding substituted benzoyl derivatives [6(a‐j)]. Structure elucidation of synthesised compounds has been made on the basis of elemental analysis, I.R. spectral studies and 1H N.M.R. spectral studies. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesised compounds has been studied against the cultures “Staphylococcus aureus”, “Escherichia coli” and “Candela albicans”.
Synthesis, Characterization, Chelating Properties and Anti‐Fungal Activity of 2‐(4‐Phenylpiperazinyl) Methyl‐3‐(8‐Quinolinol‐5‐YL)‐ 4(3H)‐Quinazolinone
Authors: Shelat C. D. , Vashi R. T.
Published: March 2012

A new quinazolinone derivative namely 2‐(4‐phenylpiperazinyl)methyl‐3‐(8‐quinolinol‐5‐yl)‐ 4(3h)‐quinazolinone(HL) was prepared and characterized. Various transition metal (Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Mn2+) chelates of HL were prepared and characterized by metal ligand (M:L) ratio, IR and reflectance spectral studies, magnetic moment, and antimicrobial activity.
Spectrophometric Determination of Nelfinavir Mesylate
Authors: Prakash K. Vanitha , Rao Jangala Venkateswara
Published: March 2012

Two new simple, sensitive, rapid and economical Spectrophotometric Methods (A and B) have been developed for the determination of Nelfinavir Mesylate in pharmaceutical bulk and tablet dosage form. The method A is based on the reaction of Nelfinavir with ferric chloride, potassium ferricyanide and hydrochloric acid to form a bluish green colored chromogen. The Method B is based on the formation of blood red colored chromogen with Ferric chloride and 1,10‐phenanthroline. The absorbances of the chromogen were measured at their respective wavelength of maximum absorbance against the corresponding reagent blank. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the analysis of the bulk drug and its tablet dosage form. The methods have been statistically evaluated and were found to be precise and accurate.
Estimation of Some Antiviral Drugs Using Tpooo as Analytical Reagent
Authors: Reddy P. Venkata , Rani B. Sudha
Published: March 2012

A simple and reproducible spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of two recent antiviral drugs namely Valacyclovir (drug A) and Famciclovir (drug B) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method is based on the extraction of the drugs into organic layer of the dye TPooo in presence of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and the absorbances were measured at 490 nm. The method was optimized using eight parameters.
Ultrasound Promoted Synthesis of 3‐Carboxycoumarins in Aqueous Media
Authors: Du Jian-Long , Li Li-Jun , Zhang Da-Hai
Published: March 2012

An efficient and green procedure has been developed for synthesis of 3‐carboxycoumarins, the reaction can be carried out in water under ultrasound irradiation, avoiding addition of catalyst
Removal of Mercuric Ion from Aqueous Solutions Using Sawdust Coated by Polyaniline
Authors: Ansari R. , Raofie F.
Published: March 2012

This paper deals with a new application of polyaniline synthesized chemically, coated on sawdust via cast method in the form of emeraldine base (EB) from formic acid as solvent, and used as an effective adsorbent for removal of mercuric ion or other heavy metals from aqueous solution. Among the different parameters investigated, the effect of pH was found to be the most prominent. It was found that metal uptake is occurred under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions, while under relatively strong acidic media, the sorption of the investigated metal ions was negligible and desorption is a predominant process.
A Note on the Estimation of Moxifloxacin in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations by Precipitation Reagents
Authors: Rao K. V. S. Parasada , Srinivas L. D. , Ravikumar P. , Yesupadam P. , Prabhakar G.
Published: March 2012

Simple spectrphotometric methods for the assay of moxifloxacin based on the formation of its complexes with alkaloidal precipitants are described.
Synthesis, Characterization and Study of the Biological activity of Some Aldimines Derivatives
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed N. , Al - Deeb Hazem K.
Published: March 2012

A number of imines derivatives have been synthesized, they were obtained by condensation of aromatic aldehyde derivatives with primary aromatic amine derivatives. Their structures have been characterised by IR, 1H NMR in addition to the elemental analysis. The biological activity of these imines (which are also known as Schiff bases) were examined against different type of microorganisms and they found to have considerable activity in comparison with the most commonly used antibiotics.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Ziprasidone in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Srinubabu G. , Rani B. Sudha , Rao J. V. L. N. Seshagiri
Published: March 2012

A simple and reproducible spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Ziprasidone hydrochloride monohydrate (ZPS) in bulk and in dosage forms. The method is based on the extraction of the drugs into organic layer of the dye TPooo in presence of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and the absorbances were measured at 490 nm. Results indicate that the proposed method was simple, sensitive, accurate and reproducible.
Impact of Textile Effluents on Fresh Water Fish Mastacembelus Armatus (Cuv. & Val)
Authors: Karthikeyan S. , Jambulingam M. , Sivakumar P. , Shekhar A. P. , Krithika J.
Published: March 2012

The textile effluents has been proved to impart adverse effects on humans, animals and plantation. The present study reveals that the impact of textile effluents on a protenious edible fresh water fish Mastacembelus Armatus by examining the changes in the ionic regulations of some selected tissues like liver , kidney and muscle before and after exposure to the Acid Blue 92 (CI.No. 13390). Mastacembelus Armatus were exposed to sub lethal concentration of textile dye ‐ Acid Blue 92 ( CI.No. 13390) for a period of 35 days. After the exposure period it was observed that a decrease in concentration of Sodium and Chloride ions and an increase in concentration of potassium, Calcium and magnesium ions. The magnesium ion concentration increased, but only slightly, when compared to the fluctuations of the other ions. The cationic concentrations of the test individuals indicate that the impact of textile effluents has an adverse effect the ionic regulations.
Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives: As Anti‐hypertensive Agents
Authors: Kumar Jat Rakesh , Jawahar L. Jat , Pathak D. P.
Published: March 2012

A new series of non peptide angiotensin(A‐II) receptor antagonist has been prepared. This N‐(biphenyl methyl) imidazoles e.g. 5‐substituted (amino) ‐2‐ phenyl‐1‐(2ʼcarboxy biphenyl‐4‐yl) benzimidazoles differ from the previously reported and related compounds in that they produce a potent hypertensive effect upon oral administration. The earlier series were generally active only when administered intravenously. It has been found that 2’‐position of biphenyl is essential. Only ortho substituted acid possess both high affinity for the AII receptor and oral anti‐hypertensive potency.
Higher Order Elastic Constants, Gruneisen Parameters and Lattice Thermal Expansion of Lithium Niobate
Authors: Philip Thresiamma , Menon C. S. , Indulekha K.
Published: March 2012

The second and third‐order elastic constants and pressure derivatives of second‐ order elastic constants of trigonal LiNbO3 (lithium niobate) have been obtained using the deformation theory. The strain energy density estimated using finite strain elasticity is compared with the strain dependent lattice energy density obtained from the elastic continuum model approximation. The second‐order elastic constants and the non‐vanishing third‐order elastic constants along with the pressure derivatives of trigonal LiNbO3 are obtained in the present work. The second and third‐order elastic constants are compared with available experimental values. The second‐order elastic constant C11 which corresponds to the elastic stiffness along the basal plane of the crystal is less than C33 which corresponds to the elastic stiffness tensor component along the c‐axis of the crystal. The pressure derivatives, dC′ij/dp obtained in the present work, indicate that trigonal LiNbO3 is compressible. The higher order elastic constants are used to find the generalized Gruneisen parameters of the elastic waves propagating in different directions in LiNbO3. The Brugger gammas are evaluated and the low temperature limit of the Gruneisen gamma is obtained. The results are compared with available reported values.
Polypyrrole Conducting Electroactive Polymers: Synthesis and Stability Studies
Authors: Ansari Reza
Published: March 2012

This paper deals with a fundamental review of preparation methods, characterizations, thermal and environmental stabilities and practical applications of polypyrrole (PPy) conducting electroactive polymers. In this article some of the most important factors affecting the electrical, electrochemical, thermal and environmental stabilities of polypyrrole conducting polymers have also been reviewed.
Rapid Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amounts of Nitrate‐Nitrogen Using Dapsone and α‐Naphthol
Authors: Nagaraja Padmarajaiah , Prakash Jainara S. , Bhaskara Besagarahally L.
Published: March 2012

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the trace determination of nitrite using Dapsone and α‐Naphthol. The proposed method is based on the diazotization of Dapsone followed by coupling with α‐Naphthol in sodium hydroxide medium to give an intense pink coloured azo dye. The dye shows absorption maximum at 540 nm. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity being 5.749 × 104 l mol-1 cm-1 and 0.24 ng cm-3 respectively. Tolerance limit for interfering ions and complexing agents were reported. Other analytical parameters and applications of the method for analysis of tap water, lake water, and industrial effluents have been investigated.
Oxidation of Alkylaromatics
Authors: Rao T. S. S. , Awasthi Shubhra
Published: March 2012

Hydroperoxide at α‐position to the aromatic ring is the primary oxidation product formed. In all cases monoalkylbenzenes lead to the formation of benzoic acid. Oxidation in the presence of transition metal salts not only accelerate but also selectively decompose the hydroperoxides. Alkyl naphthalenes mainly produce the corresponding naphthalene carboxylic acids. Hock‐rearrangement by the influence of strong acids converts the hydroperoxides to hemiacetals. Peresters formed from the hydroperoxides undergo Criegee rearrangement easily. Alkali metals accelerate the oxidation while CO2 as co‐oxidant enhances the selectivity. Microwave conditions give improved yields of the oxidation products.
Optimization of Protease Production from Aspergillus Oryzae Sp. Using Box‐Behnken Experimental Design
Authors: Babu G. Srinu , Kiran R. R. Shiva , Lokeswari N. , Raju K. Jaya
Published: March 2012

Protease production by Aspergillus oryzae was optimized in shake‐flask cultures using Box‐Behnken experimental design. An empirical model was developed through response surface methodology to describe the relationship between tested variable (peptone, glucose, soyabeanmeal and pH). Maximum enzyme activity was attained with Peptone at 4 g∕L; temperature at 30 °C glucose at 6 g∕L; 30 °C and pH at 10. Experimental verification of the model showed a validation of 95%, which is more than 3‐fold increase compare to the basal medium.
Removal of Mn(II) from Aqueous Solutions Using Bombax Malabaricum Fruit Shell Substrate
Authors: Emmanuel K. A. , Ramaraju K. A. , Rao K. Somasekhara
Published: March 2012

Bombax Malabaricum carbon was found to have good sorption capacity for Mn(II) ion. Studies indicated that sorption of Mn(II) ion increases with increase in pH and a contact time of 50 min was found to be optimum. The effect of concentration slows that fruit shell substrate can remove Mn(II) ion. With the increase in the concentration of substrate the sorption also increases. The presence of Fe+2 and F- ions interfered with the adsorption of Mn(II) ion.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Fenpropathrin in its Formulations and Water Samples
Authors: Priya B. Krishna , Subrahmanyam P. , Dakshayani K. , Chiranjeevi P.
Published: March 2012

Novel spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of fenpropathrin in insecticidal formulations and water samples. The methods were based on the hydrolysis of fenpropathrin with ethanolic KOH to form 3‐phenoxy benzaldehyde. The resultant aldehyde group was condensed with anthranilic acid in presence of basic medium to form yellowish red color product having λmax of 485 nm or condensed with 2‐chloro phenyl hydrazine to form pink color product having λmax of 557 nm. The color derivatives were correspondingly stable for 5 and 8 days. The Beer′s law was obeyed over the range from 0.03‐10.0 µg mL-1 and molar absorptivity 2.586×104 L mol-1 cm-1 for anthranilic acid and from 0.02‐8.0 µg mL-1 and molar absorptivity 3.924×104 L mol-1 cm-1 for 2‐chloro phenyl hydrazine were observed. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters were established. The proposed methods have been applied for the analysis of water samples.
Comparative Study on the Adsorption Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Metal Ions onto Acid Activated Low Cost Pandanus Carbon
Authors: Sudha R. , Kalpana K. , Rajachandrasekar T. , Arivoli S.
Published: March 2012

Batch experiments were carried out for the sorption of Copper and Ferrous ions onto acid activated carbon prepared. The operating variables studied were initial metal ion concentration, pH, and temperature and contact time. The equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. From this adsorption efficiency, adsorption energy, adsorption capacity, intensity of adsorption and dimensionless separation factor were calculated. From the kinetic studies the rate constant values for the adsorption process was calculated. From the effect of temperature thermodynamic parameters like ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° were calculated. The mechanism of adsorption for metal ions onto carbon was investigated by using the experimental results and confirmed by FT‐ IR, XRD and SEM images.
Synthesis of Some Aryl Chalcones Using Silica‐Sulphuric Acid Reagent under Solvent Free Conditions
Authors: Thirunarayanan G. , Vanangamudi G.
Published: March 2012

There are two series of α, β‐unsaturated ketones derived form Biphenyl and 9H‐Fluorenyl, and ketones with various substituted benzaldehydes under solvent free conditions using silica‐sulphuric acid as a reagent in an oven. The catalyst silica is reusable and the yields of chalcones are more than 90%. These chalcones are characterized by physical constants and spectral data.
2‐Hydroxy‐5‐methylbenzophenone oxime(HMBO) as an Analytical Reagent for Gravimetric Determination of Cu(II)
Authors: Shingadia S. K. , Desai K. K.
Published: March 2012

2‐Hydroxy‐5‐methylbenzophenone oxime (HMBO) was developed as a new analytical reagent for the gravimetric determination of divalent copper ion. In pH rang of 3.0 to 6.0, the reagent gives a buff colored precipitate with Cu(II). Job’s method and mole ratio method revealed that the stoichiometry of the complex is 1:2 (metal: ligand). Beer’s law is obeyed up to 61.25 ppm of Cu(II). Molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity at 400 nm were found to be 6.32 × 102 L mol -1 cm-1 and 0.359 μg/cm2 respectively. The stability constant of Cu(II)‐HMBO complex is found to be 2.43 × 109. Gibb’s free energy change for complex formation reaction was found to be ‐12.88 Kcal/mol. The reagent can be used for the analysis of brass and alloy.
Study of the β‐Cyclodextrin Imipramine Hydrochloride Inclusion Complex and Determination of its Stability Constant (K) by UV‐Visible Spectroscopy
Authors: Ashnagar Alamdar , Naseri Nahid Gharib , Khanaki Bita
Published: March 2012

In this research, the interactions of imipramine hydrochloride drug with β‐ cyclodextrin and the stability constant (K) of the inclusion complex formed between them were investigated by using UV‐visible spectroscopy. Solutions consisting of a known and constant amount of imipramine hydrochloride and varying amounts of β‐ cyclodextrin were prepared in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The final solutions had cyclodextrin concentrations between 0.0011 and 0.0153 M. UV‐visible spectra of each solution was taken at λmax= 250 nm. The absorbances at this wavelength were recorded and plotted against cyclodextrin concentrations. From the graph, the concentrations of free and bound imipramine hydrochloride and free β‐cyclodextrin were calculated using the Beer‐Lambert law. From these data, the stability constant was calculated and a value of K=52.26±11.41 mol-1L was obtained. The magnitude of the stability constant is discussed in terms of the relative sizes and the chemical natures of β‐cyclodextrin and imipramine hydrochloride.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Phenol‐Formaldehyde Resole
Authors: Bajia Subhash Chandra , Swarnkar Pawan , Kumar Sudesh , Bajia Birbal
Published: March 2012

An efficient synthesis of phenol‐formaldehyde resin has been achieved by using conventional as well as microwave irradiation. Resin samples were tested for their physical and chemical properties. The structures of the resins have been supported by their spectral analysis.
Studies on Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives and their Pharmacological Evaluation
Authors: Naik T. A. , Chikhalia K. H.
Published: March 2012

1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles were associated with broad spectrum of biological activities including antituberculosis, anticonvulsant, anti‐inflammatory, insecticidal, antifungal, analgesic and antitumor properties. Morpholine derivatives find their wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and exhibit anthelmintic, bactericidal and insecticidal activity. Pyrimidine derivatives are also reported to possess antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer and anticonvulsant activities. Encouraged by this observations we decided to synthesised novel pyrimidine derivatives.
A Simple Spectrophotometric Determination of Phosphate in Sugarcane Juices, Water and Detergent Samples
Authors: Mahadevaiah  , Kumar M. S. Yogendra , Galil Mansour S. Abdul , Suresha M. S. , Sathish M. A. , Nagendrappa G.
Published: March 2012

A simple spectrophotometric method is developed for the determination of phosphate in sugar cane juice, water and detergent samples. The method is based on the formation of phosphomolybdate with added molybdate followed by its reduction with sodium sulphide in aqueous sulfuric acid medium. The system obeys Lambert‐Beer’s law at 715 nm in the concentration range 0.3‐12.24 ppm. Molar absorptivity, correlation coefficient and Sandell’s sensitivity values were found to be 6.1x103 mol-1 cm-1, 0.999 and 0.0156 µg cm-2 respectively. The results obtained were reproducible with acceptable standard deviation 3.7% and relative error 3.4%. For a comparison of the method phosphate present in various samples were also determined separately following an official method. The results of the developed method compare well with those of the official method.
Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmacological Activities of 3,6‐Disubstituted‐1,2,4‐triazolo [3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles and their Dihydro Analogues
Authors: Mathew Vinod , Keshavayya J. , Vaidya V. P.
Published: March 2012

4‐Amino‐5‐aryl/heteroaryl substituted‐3‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazoles 3(a‐d) were prepared from the corresponding aromatic carboxylic acids through a multi‐step sequence. Compounds 3(a‐d) were made to react with various aromatic/hetero aromatic acids and hetero aromatic aldehydes to give 3,6‐disubstituted‐1,2,4‐triazolo [3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadizoles and 3,6‐disubstituted‐5,6‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazolo [3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadizoles respectively. Elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data elucidated the structures of all newly synthesized compounds. Synthesized compounds are studied for their antibacterial, antifungal, anti‐inflammatory and analgesic activities. Some of the tested compounds showed significant pharmacological activities.
Isolation and Identification of Anthralin From the Roots of Rhubarb Plant (Rheum palmatum)
Authors: Ashnagar A. , Naseri N. Gharib , Nasab H. Haidari
Published: March 2012

Anthralin is medically and chemically an important compound which can be found in rhubarb roots. Anthralin and anthralin derivatives have been used as antipsoriatic drugs. In this research, pure anthralin was isolated from the rhubarb roots by maceration and Soxhlet extraction methods in various polar and non‐polar solvents. Successive TLC and column chromatography on silica gel with chloroform as the mobile phase afforded two distinct fractions with Rf= 0.54 and 0.61. The 1HNMR, 13CNMR, IR, UV and MS spectra showed that the fraction with Rf= 0.61 was anthralin. In both methods, methanol was found to be the most suitable solvent for extraction.
Preparation, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Some Metal ion Complexes
Authors: El-Ajaily M. M. , Abdlseed F. A. , Ben-Gweirif S.
Published: March 2012

The Schiff base complexes derived from Salicylaldehyde and o‐ pheneylenediamine have been prepared and characterized using several physical techniques, in terms; elemental analysis, molar conductance measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, magnetic moment measurements, infrared, electronic and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra. The elemental analysis data exhibit the formation of 1:1[M: L] complexes. The molar conductance values reveal a non‐ electrolytic nature. The thermogravimetric analysis data of Cr(VI) complex show the presence of water molecules. The obtained magnetic moment values exhibit the existence of three unpaired electrons in the Cr(III) complex and a diamagnetic phenomenon for the other three complexes. The infrared spectral data display the coordination behavior of the Schiff base towards Cr(VI), Cr(III), Pb(II)) and TiO(IV) ions. The electronic absorption spectra of the Schiff base and its complexes show π→π* (phenyl ring), n→π* (HC=N) and the expected geometrical structure for the prepared complexes. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectral data satisfy the presence of a paramagnetic phenomenon and support the expected geometrical structure of Cr(III) complex. The Schiff base and its new complexes were tested for antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacteria; Salmonella, Escherichia coli including the resistance bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Analysis and Recommendation of Agriculture Use of Distillery Spentwash in Rampur District, India
Authors: Sindhu Susheel Kumar , Sharma Amit , Ikram Saiqa
Published: March 2012

The potential value and the problems associated with the usage of spentwash in Rampur District were studied and also their environmental impacts were discussed. The studies revealed that, though at higher doses (> 250 m3/ ha) spentwash application is found detrimental to crop growth and soil fertility, its use at lower doses (125 m3/ha) remarkably improves germination, growth and yield of dryland crops. Further, it has been revealed that conjoint application of spentwash and organic amendments (farm yard manure, green leaf manure and bio‐compost) is found suitable under dryland conditions. Large amounts of soluble salts have been found to be leached from calcareous and high pH sodic soils amended with spentwash. Notably, application of spentwash has resulted in leaching of high amounts of sodium from high pH sodic soils reflecting its potential in ameliorating these soils. However, exceptionally high loading of the leachate with organic and inorganic contaminants may pose potential risk for groundwater contamination.
Synthesis and Characteristics of 2‐Bromophenyl‐6‐iminopurine from 2‐Bromophenyl‐4‐cyanoimidazole
Authors: Yahyazadeh Asieh
Published: March 2012

It has been demonstrated that the 5‐amino‐1‐(2‐bromophenyl)‐4‐cyanoimidazole can be converted to 1‐amino‐9‐(2‐bromophenyl)‐6‐iminopurine by first forming the imidate by treatment with HC(OEt)3 and Ac2O followed by reaction with hydrazine monohydrate. 5‐amino‐1‐(2‐bromophenyl)‐4‐cyanoimidazole has prepared from diaminomaleonitrile by moltistep synthesis.
Studies on Acetylation of Indoles
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed N.
Published: March 2012

Acetylation of indole was carried out by two different methods, and three different products were obtained, viz 1‐acetyl indole , 3‐acetyl indole and 1,3‐diacetyl indole. The structures of these products were confirmed by physical and spectral analysis
Effect of Schiff′s Bases as Corrosion Inhibitors on Mild Steel in Sulphuric Acid
Authors: Upadhyay R. K. , Mathur S. P.
Published: March 2012

Mass loss and thermometric methods have been used to study the corrosion inhibitory effect of synthesised Schiff′s bases viz. N‐(furfurilidine) – 4‐ methoxy aniline (SB1), N‐(furfurilidine) – 4‐ methylaniline (SB2), N‐(salicylidine) – 4‐ methoxy aniline (SB3), N‐(cinnamalidine) – 4 –methoxy aniline (SB4) and N‐(cinnamalidine) ‐ 2‐methylaniline (SB5) on mild steel in sulphuric acid solutions. Results show that both methods have good agreement with each other and inhibition efficiency depends upon the concentration of inhibitor as well as that of acid. Maximum inhibition efficiency is shown at highest concentration of Schiff′s bases at the highest strength of acid.
Studies on Synthesis and Dyeing Preformance of Acid Dyes Based on 4,7‐Dihydroxy‐3,8‐di‐α‐naphthylazo‐1,10‐phenanthroline‐2,9‐Dione
Authors: Patel B. V. , Dasondi P. H.
Published: March 2012

Some new azo acid dyes were prepared by coupling various diazotized acid components such as anthranilic acid, sulphanilic acid, laurentacid, peri acid, tobias acid, H‐acid, J‐acid, gamma acid, sulphotobias acid,4‐aminotoluiene‐3‐sulphonic acid, 5‐sulpho‐ anthranilic acid, 2‐naphthylamine‐3,6,8‐trisulphonic acid, bronner acid, metanilic acid and cleve acid with 4,7‐dihydroxy‐3,8‐di‐α‐naphthylazo‐1,10‐phenanthroline‐2,9‐dione. The dyes were characterized by elemental, IR and TLC analyses. Their dyeing performance as acid dyes has been assessed on viscose rayon, wool and cotton fibres.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Substituted Thiophenyl Derivatives of Indane‐1, 3‐Dione
Authors: Giles D. , Prakash M. S. , Ramseshu K. V.
Published: March 2012

Indane‐1, 3‐dione (1) synthesized by condensation of diethyl phthalate and ethyl acetate in presence of sodium ethoxide gave sodium salt of ester derivative, which on neutralization in presence of sulphuric acid afford 1. Various thiols where converted to their respective disulphide (3) which on treatment with 1 gave 2‐substituted thio phenyl derivatives (4a-g) of 1. The synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of I.R and H1NMR. Synthesized compounds (4a-g) were investigated for their anticoagulant, analgesic, anti‐inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial and anticancer activities. Some of the synthesized compounds have shown moderate activities.
Phytochemical Studies on Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Bauhinia purpurea Linn. and Hardwickia binata Roxb
Authors: Sharanabasappa G. K. , Santosh M. K. , Shaila D. , Seetharam Y. N. , Sanjeevarao I.
Published: March 2012

The present paper deals with the phytochemical studies on Bauhinia racemosa Lam., Bauhinia purpurea Linn. and Hardwickia binata Roxb. The phytochemical study of three plants involve preliminary phytochemical studies, physico‐chemical studies, quantitative estimation of primary and secondary metabolites, TLC study and HPLC fingerprint study of ethanolic extract of leaves of three plants. In HPLC fingerprint study, the three peaks at a retention time of 15 min, 17 min and 19 min were identical in B. racemosa and B. purpurea which was confirmed by overlaid spectra. The generated data may be useful in suggesting chemotaxonomical interrelation between three plants.
Palladium Catalyzed Reactions of 2‐Nitroaniline with Vinylethers
Authors: Piri Farideh , Moghaddama Mina Behrouzi Fard , Karimi Babak
Published: March 2012

A new method for the synthesis of hemiaminal ether have been suggested. The reactions of 2‐nitro aniline with vinyl ether in the presence of PdCl2(CH3CN)2 produces hemiaminal ether compounds. The resulting products have been identified by spectral data.
Tautomerism of 5‐Methyl Imidazolidine Thio Derivatives in the Gas Phase: A Density Functional Study
Authors: Safi Zaki S. , Abu-Awwad Fakhr M.
Published: March 2012

Relative tautomerisation energies, enthalpies, entropies, Gibbs free energies, and dipole moments for 5‐methyl‐2,4‐dioxo‐imidazolidine and its thio analogous have been studied in the gas phase using hybrid density functional at the B3LYP level of theory using 6‐31(d) and 6‐311+(2df,2p) basis sets with full geometry optimization. A comparative investigation of their energies revealed that the keto form of the compound is the predominant tautomer with a very high tautomeric energy barrier. The findings conclude that the intramolecular prototropic tautomerisation process is thermodynamically unfavored.
Corrosion Inhibition of Aluminium Using Exudate Gum from Pachylobus edulis in the Presence of Halide Ions in HCl
Authors: Umoren S. A. , Obot I. B. , Ebenso E. E.
Published: March 2012

The anti‐corrosive effect of Pachylobus edulis exudate gum in combination with halides ions (Cl–, Br– and I–) for aluminium corrosion in HCl was studied at temperature range of 30‐60°C using weight loss method. Results obtained showed that the naturally occurring exudate gum acts as an inhibitor for aluminium corrosion in acidic environment. Inhibition efficiency (%I) increases with increase in concentration of the exudate gum and synergistically increased to a considerable extent on the addition of the halide ions. The increase in inhibition efficiency (%I) and surface coverage (θ) in the presence of the halides was found to be in the order I– > Br– > Cl– which indicates that the radii as well as electronegativity of the halide ions play a significant role in the adsorption process. Pachylobus edulis exudate gum obeys Temkin adsorption isotherm. Phenomenon of physical adsorption is proposed from the values of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters obtained. The values of synergism parameter (S1) obtained for the halides are greater than unity suggesting that the enhanced inhibition efficiency of the P. edulis caused by the addition of the halide ions is only due to synergistic effect.
A Validated RP – HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Cefixime and Cloxacillin in Tablets
Authors: Rathinavel G. , Mukherjee P. B. , Valarmathy J. , Samueljoshua L. , Ganesh M. , Sivakumar T. , Saravanan T.
Published: March 2012

This paper presents a RP‐HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of cefixime and cloxacillin in tablets. The process was carried out on C18 column (5 μm, 25 cm × 4.6 mm, i.d) using phosphate buffer (pH 5.0), acetonitrile and methanol in the ratio 80:17:3 respectively as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 2mL/min. Wavelength was fixed at 225 nm. The retention time of cefixime and cloxacillin was found to be 5.657 and 6.200 min, respectively. The developed method is rapid and sensitive and it can be used for estimation of combination of these drugs in tablets.
Preconcentration of Copper with Solid Phase Extraction and its Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Jadid Ayob Parchehbaf , Eskandari Habibollah
Published: March 2012

A new method for the solid phase extraction (SPE) and determination of copper ions at low levels is presented. Extraction percent and the effects of some factors were evaluated. The detection limit was in the range of 2.26 µg·L-1. This procedure has been successfully applied to determination of copper in water samples.
Recovery of Glycerol from Spent Soap LyeBy ‐ Product of Soap Manufacture
Authors: Israel A. U. , Obot I. B. , Asuquo J. E.
Published: March 2012

Three samples of spent lye from soap manufacturing companies namely Paterson Zochonis Industries (PZ), International Equitable Association (IEA), Kitchen Soap Industries (KSI) all in Aba, Abia State of Nigeria and one laboratory simulated sample (SSL) were analyzed for the amount of glycerol and residual salts. The amount of glycerol in all the samples increases in the order bleached glycerin > crude glycerin > semi‐crude glycerin > treated lye > spent soap lye while the reverse is the order for the amount of residual salts. For the SSL, PZ, IEA and KSL samples, the percentage of recovered glycerol were 91.00, 83.20, 82.80 and 81.40 while the residual salt content (%) were 9.80, 6.00, 7.08 and 8.03 respectively. These values compare well with international standards. The results show that the amount of the recovered glycerin and residual salts depend on the quality of the spent lye and the technology employed in the recovery treatment used.
Synthesis, Characterization and Mechanical Evaluation of the Phenol‐Formaldehyde Composites
Authors: Kaith B. S. , Chauhan Aashish
Published: March 2012

Phenol: formaldehyde ratio was varied in the synthesis of phenol‐ formaldehyde resin and used to prepare the composites. These composites were then evaluated for their mechanical strength on the basis of tensile strength, compressive strength and wear resistance. Composite with better strength was characterized by IR, SEM, XRD, TGA/DTA and further studies were carried out for its physico‐chemical and mechanical properties like viscosity, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and stress at the limit of proportionality (SP) etc.
Synthesis of Compounds Containing Fluorine, Vinylsulfone Groups and Transition Metal Complexes and their Applications to Textiles
Authors: Yildiz E. , Bozok N.
Published: March 2012

A ligand which has reactive dye character and its transition metal complexes such as Cu(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Ni(II) containing vinylsulfone and fluorine groups were synthesized. The diazotation reaction has been studied at 0‐5°C carefully. Completion of the reaction was monitored by the TLC method. FT‐IR, UV, 1H‐NMR, TGA and microanalysis methods were used for determination of the synthesized compounds. We assumed that copper complex indicated dimeric structure based on magnetic susceptibility result. All the synthesized compounds which have dye character were applied on cotton, polyamide and nylon fibers. Their dyeing and fastness properties were investigated according to international standards. These properties gave good results for all synthesized dyes except light fastnesses of chromium and nickel complex dyes.
Thermal and Isothermal Methods in Development of Sustained Release Dosage Forms of Ketorolac Tromethamine
Authors: Chopra Dimple , Sinha Vivek Ranjan , Singh Manjeet
Published: March 2012

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a rapid and convenient and conclusive method of screening drug‐polymer blend during preformulation studies as it allows polymer incompatibility to be established instantaneously. Various batches of matrix tablets of ketorolac tromethamine (KTM) with a series of compatible polymers were prepared. Batches of tablets which gave desired sustained release profile were subjected to stability testing according to ICH guidelines. The analysis for drug content was done using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The results revealed that there was no statistically significant change in drug content after storage of matrix tablets at elevated temperature of 40°C and 75% relative humidity. From our study we conclude that with careful selection of different polymers and their combinations, a stable sustained release oral dosage form of ketorolac tromethamine can be achieved.