bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
الأمن الشامل في مواجهة الأزمات والكوارث جائحة كورونا نموذجًا
Authors: Al-Mashhadani Akram Abdulrazzaq
Published: August 2020

ألقت جائحة كورونا بآثارها وتداعياتها الثقيلة على حالة الأمن الوطني والدولي، بعد تفشي الفيروس وتصاعد أعداد الإصابات والوفيات في معظم أنحاء العالم، وما صاحب انتشار هذا الوباء الفتاك من خوف ورعب، وتهديد للأمن والصحة؛ إذ أقدمت دول العالم على فرض الحجر الصحي ووقف حركة النقل وإغلاق الحدود. كما وجدت أجهزة الشرطة نفسها ملزمة بمسؤوليات أمنية جديدة، ودفع الوباء كثيرًا من دول العالم إلى إصدار تشريعات إضافية لحماية الصحة العامة ومعاقبة منتهكي الحجر الصحي. وتتناول الدراسة جائحة كورونا من وجهة نظر أمن الأزمات والكوارث، ودراسة الآثار السلبية من أمنية واجتماعية ونفسية لانتشار كورونا على المجتمعات وضغوطات ما بعد الحجر الصحي وتدرس بعض الظواهر ذات الصلة، ومنها ظاهرة الوصمة (STIGMA) وظاهرة السلوك الجمعي التي تناولها علماء النفس الاجتماعي وعلماء السلوك؛ حيث تجسدت هستيريا كورونا، في حالة الفزع غير المبرر، والسلوكيات غير الرشيدة التي عمت الأسواق، مع انتشار الفيروس. لقد عصفت جائحة كورونا بمجتمعاتنا وأدت إلى تعديل في العديد من السلوكيات الاجتماعية. وانتهت الدراسة إلى عدد من التوصيات تتناول الجوانب الصحية والأمنية والمجتمعية والنفسية والقانونية، وتشجيع المسؤولية المجتمعية في مواجهة تبعات هذه الجائحة، وتحديث التشريعات المتصلة بالأمن الصحي، وتعزيز التعاون الأمني العربي، وأهمية مراجعة أجهزة الشرطة لخطط الطوارئ لمواجهة الكارثة، وأهمية إيجاد وعي مجتمعي شامل في مواجهة الأزمات.
Karbon Fiber Takviyeli Kompozit Malzemenin Kuru ve Kriyojenik Şartlarda Delinebilirliğinin Deneysel Araştırılması
Authors: BASMACI Gültekin , YÖRÜK Ahmet Said
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmada, Karbon Fiber Takviyeli Kompozit Malzemelerin (CFRP) kuru ve kriyojenik şartlar altında farklı kesme parametreleri ve farklı çaplı matkaplarla delinmesi, delaminasyon hasarı, delik çapı ve yüzey kalitesine etkisi de-neysel olarak incelenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmada iki farklı kesme hızı (20 ve 50 m/dak.), dört farklı ilerleme miktarı (0.075mm/dev., 0.15mm/dev., 0.225mm/dev. ve 0.3mm/dev) ve 2 farklı çaplı matkaplar (4 mm ve 6 mm) kuru ve kriyojenik şartlar altında yapılan deneysel tasarımın değerleri uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, daldırma kriyojenik tekniği ile CFRP'nin delinmesinin kolaylaştığı, delinmiş parçaların yüzey pürüzlülüğünü azaltarak işlenebilirliği büyük ölçüde artırdığını göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, itme kuvveti ve delaminasyon faktörü artmıştır.
LITERATURE IN PAINTING / PAINTING IN LITERATURE
Authors: Joshi Shobhana
Published: August 2020

English : The world is pictorial, it is also a movie. "Who is this painter"! Do not know! But a small part of the universe is born in the middle of these pictures and movies, it is time-consuming. One watches these movies during the movement of breaths and stops. This which he sees, passes through the camera of his eyes and is printed in the mind and heart. He is restless. Let me share that print. A hieroglyph of this sharing from the rest. The script rang, the pictures were painted, the colors were unrefined. Manas became fertile, art enriched by imagination. Art grew to vibrancy from the sentiments of human beings progressed by primitive barbarism. The infinite beauty of the parallel vision of creation embodied dance art, singing art with Prabhavishnuta. The instruments were unmodified. When the replica of nature was found to be a sound form, the concrete shape from the soil and stone was found in the form of "sculpture".

Hindi : सृष्टि चित्रलिखित सी है, चलचित्र भी है। ''ये कौन चित्रकार है''! पता नहीं! पर सृष्टि का एक क्षुद्र हिस्सा भर मनुष्य इन चित्रों-चलचित्रों के बीच ही जनमता है, काल-कवलित होता है। सांसों के आने-जाने और रूक जाने की अवधि में इन चलचित्रों को देखता है। यह जो वह देखता है, उसकी आँखों के कैमरे से गुजरकर दिल-दिमाग में छपता है। उसे बैचेनी होती है। उस छपे को साझा करूँ। इस साझा करने की बैचेनी से जनमी चित्रलिपि। लिपि की बेल फैली, चित्र रचे चितेरों ने, रंग अविष्कृत हुए। मानस उर्वर हुआ, कल्पना से कला समृद्ध हुई। आदिम बर्बरता से आगे बढ़े मनुष्य के भावों से कला को स्पन्दन मिला। सृष्टि के समानांतर दृष्टि के अपरिमित सौंदर्य ने प्रभविष्णुता के साथ नृत्य कला, गायन कला को मूर्त्त किया। वाद्य अविष्कृत हुए। प्रकृति की प्रतिकृति ध्वनि रूप पा गयी तो मिट्‌टी और पत्थर से ठोस आकार ''मूर्तिकला'' रूप में मिला।
INTERCONNECTION OF FINE ARTS AND JUGALBANDI OF POETRY
Authors: Shukla Annapurna
Published: August 2020

English : Nature itself is a poisonous plank. This wonderful combination is not only an epic, but also a great visual picture. There are poetic juices, verses and ornaments in it, there is also a variety of colors and forms, only then the poem is a sparkling image and the picture is a sparkling living poem. The feeling of both is counted towards the end. All arts are similar at the cognition level and are expressed and divided in the mediums, irrespective of the artist.

Elemental analysis of the arts shows that the interrelationships of all the fine arts are very deep and have always influenced and enriched each other. If the meaning of words is intensified, then the lines have their elegance, if the notes have their own universe, the postures have their own sense of the world, if the stones have a lyrical form, then the images have their own shape. Painting in the arts has developed parallel to poetry. According to the medium, all fine arts have their own existence. To express himself in the early period, these arts were his gross languages. Even after their establishment, man must have been searching for such a powerful medium for years. By which one could express his entire thought. He must have got the word as a result of that.

Hindi : प्रकृति स्वयं एक विषाल फलक है। यही अद्भुत संयोजन एक महाकाव्य तो है ही, एक विराट दृश्य चित्र भी है। इसमें काव्य के रस, छन्द और अलंकार है तो विविध रंग और रूपाकार भी हंै तभी तो कविता एक जगमगाता बिम्ब है तो चित्र एक जगमगाती सजीव कविता। दोनों की अनुभूति अन्तस में गुनी जाती है। सभी कलाएं अनुभूति स्तर पर समान होतीं है और माध्यमों में व्यक्त होकर विभक्त हो जातीं है फिर चाहे कलाकार कहीं का हो।

कलाओं के तात्विक विश्लेषण से पता चलता है कि सभी ललित कलाओं के अन्तःसम्बन्ध बहुत गहरे हैं और ये सदैव एक दूसरे को प्रभावित और सम्पन्न करते रहें हैं। यदि षब्दों के अर्थ की गहनता है , तो रेखाओं का अपना लालित्य है, यदि सुरों का अपना ब्रह्मांड है तो मुद्राओं का अपना भाव लोक है, यदि पत्थरों का एक लयात्मक स्वरूप है तो बिम्बों का अपना एक आकार बोध है। कलाओं में चित्रकला तो काव्य के समानान्तर ही विकसित हुई है। माध्यम के अनुसार सभी ललित कलाओं का अपना-अपना अस्तित्त्व है। आदि काल में अपने को व्यक्त करने के लिए यहीं कलाएं उसकी स्थूल भाषाएं थी। इनकी स्थापना के बाद भी मनुष्य वर्षों ऐसे शक्तिशाली माध्यम की खोज में लगा रहा होगा। जिसके द्वारा वह एक अपने सम्पूर्ण चिन्तन को व्यक्त कर सकता था। उसी के परिणाम स्वरूप उसे शब्द मिला होगा।
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY IN TEACHING SCIENCE FOR GRADE EIGHT STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY IN SRI LANKA
Authors: Jayarathne Avanthi , Chandrasena W. D.
Published: August 2020

Science is highly important as it focusses on enhancing the quality of human life. Though, science is perceived to be an interesting discipline, students’ performance in the field of school science is not very satisfactory. Self-determination theory (SDT) assumes that inherent in human nature is the propensity to be curious about one’s environment and interested in learning and developing one’s knowledge. Thus, SDT can be used to teach science effectively in classrooms to enhance students’ performance. As described in SDT, people have three innate psychological needs; competence, autonomy and relatedness. If these needs are fulfilled, the optimal functioning of human beings can be obtained. Hence, this study focused in investigating the effectiveness of using SDT in teaching “Main Biological Processes in Plants” for Grade 8 students. The study was conducted using two groups of students as the experimental and the control.  The experimental group was instructed using SDT while the control group was taught using traditional method. The students’ performance, psychological relatedness, competence, and the autonomy showed higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. Thus, the results indicate that the instructional approach based on SDT is very effective compared to traditional approach of instruction in teaching science as SDT approach develops intrinsic motivation of students.
LEGAL DIMENSION OF CHILD MARRIAGES IN TURKEY: COMPARED WITH THE EASTERN EUROPE AND MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES
Authors: Polat Oğuz , Reva Zeynep
Published: August 2020

Child marriage is defined as a marriage before the age of 18. In many countries, a significant number of girls still marry before the age of 18. The country governments and international communities are increasingly aware of the negative impacts of child marriages, but the actions to end the practice is still limited. Child marriage threatens particularly girls’ lives and health, and it limits their future prospects. Early marriages are not considered as a "problem" by the majority of the society where as it is a phenomenon that has been existing for long years in our country. It is observed that one of the most important sources of legitimacy of marriage is public accord and these marriages are realized mostly in the framework of this accord. Patriarchal and traditional social structure have unfortunately normalized and legitimized early marriages. It is necessary to hold meetings to create and develop awareness for implementation of Turkish Civil Code, Turkish Penal Code and Law on Protection of Minors. It will be therefore possible to ensure that children, families and people understand what kind of problems and penal responsibilities that early marriage of children constitutes Child marriage is a problem that prevents the exercise of human rights, undermines the status of women and deprive child from their main rights including especially the education. Their marriages are a field that must be struggled with in Turkey targeting social gender equality.
LOW DIGIT RATIO (2D:4D) AND MASCULINE ATTRIBUTES: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Islam Muhammad Shahidul , Kundu Brajanath
Published: August 2020

Background: The ratio between the length of the index finger (2D) concerning the length of the ring finger (4D) of a palm, which is noticed as second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D). However, the length ratio of the second digit (the index finger) to that of the fourth digit (the ring finger) probably shows the quantity of male hormone, to which an individual is exposed in the womb of the mother. Likewise, several investigations define that low second to fourth digit finger ratio tended to have related to prenatal testosterone hormone. Prenatal testosterone hormone masculinizes the human body and therefore may build the athletic body. Aim: To review scientific literature related to the lower ratio of second to fourth digit ratio and masculinity. Methods: The Researcher collected scientific evidence through electronic databases; PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Google Advanced Search, Web of Science, and critically analyzed the entire relevant article according to the nature of this study. Findings: The lower second to fourth digit ratio is associated with prenatal testosterone hormone and is also related to masculine traits that may help in sporting performance. Conclusion: Masculine attributes may be linked to a lower digit finger ratio (2D:4D).
PERANCANGAN SISTEM PEMOMPAAN AIR SAMPEL TENAGA SURYA UNTUK SISTEM ONLINE MONITORING KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI
Authors: Setiaji Galih
Published: August 2020

Pada tahun 2014 KLHK dan BPPT telah melakukan pengkajian dan penerapan teknologi online monitoring kualitas air sungai (Onlimo) di sungai Ciliwung. Peran sistem Onlimo ini adalah untuk mempermudah upaya pengendalian pencemaran sungai. Tahun 2015 dan 2016 KLHK dan BPPT telah melakukan pemasangan sistem Onlimo di 10 lokasi pada 4 DAS prioritas. Dalam sistem Onlimo tersebut terdapat dua metode pemasangan sensor yaitu: pencelupan secara langsung ke dalam sungai dan pengukuran di luar sungai. Pada sistem pengukuran di luar sungai, sampel air sungai dipompa dari sungai menuju tangki yang telah tersedia sensor di dalamnya. Sistem pemompaan sampel air sungai diaplikasikan saat kondisi sungai tidak memungkinkan untuk dilakukanya pencelupan sensor secara langsung. Saat ini sistem pemompaan masih diaplikasikan pada daerah yang memiliki suplai listrik PLN karena konsumsi listrik yang cukup besar untuk menjalankanya. Dengan rencana KLHK yang menargetkan penerapan sistem online monitoring kualitas air di 15 DAS prioritas, maka penting untuk dipersiapkan perancangan sistem pengambilan sampel dengan energi alternatif agar dapat ditempatkan di lokasi manapun tanpa tergantung listrik dari PLN. Pada perancangan ini telah dihasilkan rancangan sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) yang dapat menyuplai kebutuhan listrik sebuah sistem pemompaan air sampel untuk sistem online monitoring kualitas air selama 24 jam.Â Kata Kunci : online monitoring, kualitas air, sensor, pembangkit listrik, tenaga surya
POTENSI DAN KENDALA PENGEMBANGAN SAGU SEBAGAI BAHAN PAKAN, PANGAN, ENERGI DAN KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Santoso Arif Dwi
Published: August 2020

Instruksi Presiden No. 20 Tahun 1979 tentang Diversifikasi Panganmenargetkan adanya bahan pangan lain selain beras yang dapat memenuhikebutuhan karbohidrat nasional secara mandiri. Produk pangan yangberpotensi mengakomodasi inpres tersebut adalah sagu. Sagu merupakantanaman asli Indonesia yang mempunyai potensi besar sebagai penyuplaikebutuhan karbohidrat Indonesia sebagai pengganti beras. Potensinya yangbesar juga berlaku sebagai sumber pakan ternak, sumber bahan panganindustri, dan sumber energi. Sagu juga terkenal sebagai bahan panganmasa depan yang ramah lingkungan karena pembudidayaannya relatif tidakmerusak lingkungan. Namun pada kenyataannya adalah perkembangansagu masih lambat dibanding produk pangan lainnya. Paper ini akanmengulas tentang potensi sagu yang dapat dikembangkan untuk berbagaikepentingan serta mengulas hambatan-hambatan yang ditemui pada upayapengembangan sagu di lapangan. Hasil dari paparan makalah inidiharapkan akan menghasilkan informasi yang obyektif kepada masyarakat,para peneliti dan para pihak lain yang berkompeten terhadap sagu diIndonesia.kata kunci : sagu, pangan, potensi, hambatan, indonesia
DESAIN PENGOLAHAN AIR MENGGUNAKAN MEMBRAN ULTRAFILTRASI KAPASITAS 50M3/HARI
Authors: Sulaeman Oman
Published: August 2020

Air bersih merupakan kebutuhan setiap orang, kebutuhan ini terus meningkat dari waktu ke waktu. Adanya keterbatasan pemerintah untuk mengolah air menjadi kendala masyarakat untuk memiliki akses dalam mendapatkan air bersih. Keberadaan sungai sebagai salah satu sumber air telah tercemar oleh limbah  rumah tangga dan polutan lainnya menjadikan air sungai tidak lagi dapat memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu untuk mendapatkan air bersih yang memenuhi baku mutu air bersih diperlukan teknologi yang tepat. Salah satu teknologi yang di butuhkan dalam perencanaan unit pengolah air yang sesuai dan efisien untuk mengolah menjadi air bersih yaitu dengan menggunakan membran ultrafiltrasi. Dalam desain ini akan direncanakan pengolahan air bersih dengan kapasitas 50 m3/hari. kata kunci : Ultrafiltrasi, Desain, Air bersih
ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK PERKANTORAN
Authors: Sulistia Susi , Septisya Alifya Cahaya
Published: August 2020

Air limbah domestik adalah air limbah yang berasal dari usaha dan atau kegiatan permukiman, rumah makan, perkantoran, perniagaan, apartemen dan asrama. Sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan Â air limbah domestik harus diolah di unit pengolahan atau Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL). Sampel air diambil dari inlet dan outlet Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) yang menggunakan metode biologis (biofilter anaerob-aerob) di area perkantoran. Sampel inlet diambil dari bak ekualisasi dan sampel outlet diambil dari hasil akhir IPAL. Sebanyak 7 parameter yaitu pH, BOD/Biochemical Oxygen Demand, COD/ChemicalÂ  Oxygen Demand, amonia, minyak dan lemak, total padatan tersuspensi (TSS/Total Suspended Solids) dan total coliform dianalisis setiap bulan untuk memantau hasil IPAL dan kualitas dari air limbah domestik sehingga aman jika dibuang ke lingkungan. Parameter yang digunakan didasarkan pada PERMEN LHK RI No. 68 tahun 2016 tentang kualitas air limbah domestik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pH (inlet 7.09 dan outlet 6.60), BOD (inlet 49.5132 mg/L dan outlet 6.1122 mg/L), COD (inlet 287.5833 mg/L dan outlet 145.1667 mg / L), TSS (inlet 65.8333 mg/L dan outlet 14.1667 mg/L), amonia (inlet 158.1989 mg/L dan outlet 56.5617 mg/L), minyak dan lemak Â (inlet 1822.75 mg / L dan outlet 102.25 mg/L), dan total coliform (inlet 160000 / 100mL dan outlet 300 / Nilai 100 mL dianalisa selama tiga bulan (Februari-April). Berdasarkan parameter tersebut, kualitas air limbah domestik area perkantoran masih dalam ambang batas untuk pH, BOD, TSS, dan total coliform, sementara COD, amonia, dan minyak & lemak melebihi standar kualitas yang ditetapkan.Â Kata kunci: air limbah domestik, instalasi pengolahan air limbah, dan parameter kualitas air limbah domestikÂ
POTENSI PERUBAHAN KUALITAS AIR PERMUKAAN AKIBAT PENGEMBANGAN KERETA API SEMI CEPAT DI SEPANJANG JALUR KERETA API JAKARTA â€“ SURABAYA
Authors: Herlambang Arie , Suciati Fuzi
Published: August 2020

Banyak sungai di Jawa mengalir ke utara, pembangunan jalur kereta api memotong sungai-sungai tersebut. Jalur kereta api Jakarta Surabaya sudah ada sejak jaman Belanda, rencana pengembangan jalur kereta api kedepan akan menambah jalur dan frekuensi perjalanan. Potensi berubahnya kualitas air permukaan, akibat rencana pembangunan sedikit banyak akan terpengaruh, terutama akibat penyiapan lahan, pembangunan jembatan dan terowongan, pembuatan jalan baru, dan adanya peningkatan potensi limbah akibat meningkatnya perjalanan kereta. Parameter kualitas air yang potensi berubah adalah TSS, BOD dan COD akibat penyiapan lahan, masa kontruksi dan masa operasional terkait dengan munculnya limbah operasional limbah. Tulisan ini menyampaikan hasil analisis kualitas air dari sungai-sungai yang dilalui jalur kereta, dan berusaha mencari gambaran antara kualitas air dengan adanya rencana kegiatan pengembangan kereta jakarta â€“ surabaya. Pada beberapa wilayah kondisi rona awalnya sudah melampaui baku mutu, oleh karena itu pada saat kontruksi pengendalian TSS nya harus diperhatikan, sedangkan pada stasiun-stasiun besar parameter BOD dan COD-nya harus dijaga terutama pada limbah-limbah yang keluar dari stasiun, sehingga diperlukan instalasi pengolahan limbah. Tidak dipungkiri pada stasiun besar yang terletak dikota masalah limbah domestik dari pemukiman sekitar memerlukan peningkatan dalam pengelolaannya.Kata kunci : Perubahahan kualitas air permukaan, TSS, BOD dan COD.
ANALISIS KADAR NITRIT, NITRAT, DAN FOSFAT BERDASARKAN VARIASI JARAK PENGUKURAN SAMPEL PADA PULAU APUNG DENGAN RUMPUT VETIVER
Authors: Ma'rufatin Anies , Dewanti Dian P
Published: August 2020

Kualitas air sungai harus tetap dijaga dari pencemaran dengan pengelolaan dan pengendalian yang bijak. Beberapa zat pencemar di sungai yang harus dikendalikan adalah nitrit, nitrat dan fosfat. Jumlah nitrit, nitrat, dan fosfat yang berlebihan akan merugikan karena berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan dan biodiversitas ekosistem perairan tersebut. Salah satu upaya pengendalian pencemaran zat pecemar tersebut adalah fitoremediasi menggunakan rumput vetiver dengan sistem pulau apung. Vetiver ditumbuhkan pada tiga pulau apung yang berbentuk persegi panjang dengan panjang masing-masing 4,5 m. Pulau apung ditempatkan pada badan sungai. Akar vetiver yang tumbuh dibawah permukaan air sungai akan menyerap berbagai bahan pencemar. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan pada ketiga ujung awal dan akhir pulau apung (inflow dan outflow) untuk mengetahui perubahan kadar nitrit, nitrat, dan fosfat yang dipengaruhi oleh akar vetiver. Jarak pengambilan sampel adalah 4,5 m, 9 m, dan 13,5 m. Pulau apung dengan rumput vetiver yang diujicoba mampu menurunkan jumlah nitrit, nitrat dan fosfat. Penurunan optimum terjadi pada nitrat yang mencapai 18% dengan jarak pengambilan sampel pulau apung 9 meter. Tiga jarak pengambilan sampel awal dan akhir pulau apung yang berbeda efektif untuk menurunkan fosfat.Kata kunci: nitrit, nitrat, fosfat, pulau apung, rumput vetiver
OPTIMALISASI KINERJA PERANGKAT PENINGKAT pH BERBASIS RESIN MAGNESIUM OKSIDA UNTUK PRODUKSI AIR SIAP MINUM
Authors: Robbani Muhammad Haqqiyuddin , Setiadi Imam
Published: August 2020

Rendahnya nilai pH air yang dihasilkan oleh teknologi pengolahan air siap minum (Arsinum) berbasis membran reverse osmosis (RO) masih menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang kerap terjadi. Remineralisasi atau penambahan kembali ion mineral merupakan salah-satu alternatif teknologi yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi operasi (waktu tinggal) terbaik dalam proses peningkatan pH air siap minum menggunakan resin magnesium oksida dengan tetap memperhatikan nilai TDS yang masih aman untuk dikonsumsi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan laju alir serta jumlah cartridge yang nantinya akan berkaitan dengan lamanya waktu tinggal atau waktu kontak antara air umpan dengan resin magnesium oksida. Penambahan resin magnesium oksida nyatanya mampu meningkatkan nilai pH larutan umpan hingga mencapai nilai pH 9 (sembilan). Adapun kadar TDS air produk yang terukur untuk semua waktu tinggal yang diatur dalam variabel penelitian ini masih dalam batas aman untuk dikonsumsi. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan teknis untuk kemudian dapat diaplikasikan dalam proses produksi air siap minum. kata kunci: pH, air siap minum, reverse osmosis, remineralisasi, magnesium oksida
STUDI LINGKUNGAN TEMPAT PEMROSESAN AKHIR SAMPAH GALUGA KECAMATAN CIBUNGBULANG KABUPATEN BOGOR PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Suciati Fuzi , Aviantara Dwindrata B
Published: August 2020

Tempat pemrosesan akhir (TPA) sampah Galuga merupakan areal controlled landfill untuk sampah domestik penduduk Kota dan Kabupaten Bogor. Areal seluas 54 ha tersebut 92% diperuntukkan bagi sampah domestik Kota Bogor. Sebanyak 500 ton/hari sampah domestik Kota Bogor serta 600 ton/hari sampah domestik Kabupaten Bogor dibuang pada fasilitas penimbusan akhir tersebut. Fasilitas TPA Galuga yang telah beroperasi lebih dari 30 tahun tersebut dilengkapi pula dengan unit proses pengomposan sampah open windrow. Namun laju perolehan produk akhir kompos belum mampu mengimbangi laju penambahan sampah domestik yang masuk ke areal tersebut. Dari sekitar 1100 ton per hari sampah yang masuk ke TPA galuga sekitar 250 – 300 ton per hari sampah yang berupa plastik maupun kertas dapat disisihkan oleh pemulung. Walaupun TPA Galuga merupakan controlled landfill namun belum terkelola dengan baik. Hal tersebut menimbulkan persoalan lingkungan bau sampah serta mutu lindi yang fluktuatif. Terobosan teknologi tampaknya diperlukan untuk menanggulangi persoalan sampah di TPA Galuga.     kata kunci : sampah domestik, tempat pemrosesan akhir, penimbusan akhir, kualitas lingkungan
EVALUASI KONDISI LINGKUNGAN PERAIRAN KEPULAUAN SERIBU
Authors: Sachoemar Suhendar I
Published: August 2020

An evaluation of the environmental situation of the Seribu Islands water ecosystem was conducted byusing the physical and chemical data obtained from various sources. The water quality of the Seribu Islandin general was within the range of moderate to good quality with indication poor trend in the southern partdue to relatively high turbidity as shown by lower transparency and high of the heavy metal concentrationof the Cd and Pb. The situation recommends that the aquaculture activities should be directed to themiddle and northern part of Seribu Island to ensure their sustainability.
EVALUASI PERUBAHAN KUALITAS TANAH PADA LAHAN BEKAS PENAMBANGAN NIKEL DI PULAU GEBE
Authors: Wibowo Mardi
Published: August 2020

Since year 1977 until 2005, PT. ANTAM has been exploited nickel ore resources at Gebe Island â€“ Center ofHalmahera District â€“ North Maluku Province. Mining activity, beside give economically advantages also causedegradation of environment quality espicially land quality. Therefore, it need evaluation activity for change ofland quality at Gebe Island after mining activity.From chemical rehabilitation aspect, post mining land and rehabilitation land indacate very lack and lackfertility (base saturated 45,87 â€“ 99,6%; cation exchange capacity 9,43 â€“ 12,43%; Organic Carbon 1,12 â€“2,31%). From availability of nutrirnt element aspect, post mining land and rehabilitation land indicate verylack and lack fertility (nitrogen 0,1 â€“ 1,19%). Base on that data, it can be concluded that land reclamationactivity not yet achieve standart condition of chemical land.Key words : land quality, post mining lan
TANTANGAN PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN DI ERA OTONOMI DAERAH
Authors: Widodo Lestario
Published: August 2020

Regional outonomy that is meant as right, authority and obligatory of the district (kabupaten/kota) to regulateand manage their own governance and communityâ€™s interests gave pressure impacts to the environmentalsustainability since its implementation in 2001. The spirit to utilize natural resources from the districtarea tend to explore the environment irresponsibly which resulted in degradation of the environmentalsustainability. The district policies had often not been assessed in detail before implementation especiallytheir impacts to the environment. This caused the regional autonomy went into a different direction,therefore it needs an improvement in the level of program determination, policy and regulation applied, sothat the spirit to conduct decentralised governance will be kept on the rules of sustainable developmentwhich is environmentally friendly.Key words : Sustainable Development, Regional Autonomy
AKLIMATISASI BENUR UDANG WINDU (Penaeus Monodon) SEBAGAI UPAYA BUDIDAYA DI LUAR LINGKUNGAN HIDUPNYA: SEBUAH KASUS DI KABUPATEN LAMONGAN
Authors: Maryadi Maryadi
Published: August 2020

Penaeus monodon or tiger prawn is the most prominent farmed crustacean product in international trade and has driven a signifi cant expansion in aquaculture in many developing countries in Asia. Market prices during its early development were quite good due to little competition and strong demand from the international markets, mainly Japanese market. Culture technology in inland areas has been improved using a very minimal amount of seawater (only 2-3ppt) and closed systems to prevent salinization offreshwater resources. The model of culturing commercial tiger prawn on minimal amount of seawater in Lamongan Regency was applied since 1987.Key words : benur udang windu, Peneaeus Monodon
PROSES PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH ORGANIK SECARA KOAGULASI DAN FLOKULASI
Authors: Indriyati Indriyati
Published: August 2020

Soya bean sauce waste water is an high organic wastewater and has dark colour, therefore it is diffi cult to degrade it biologically. Base on as mentioned above, it is tried to process it with coagulation and fl okulation use Alumunium sulphate and PAC which is added to wastewater with several dosis variation of Alumunium sulphate: 100, 200, 300. 250, and PAC with dosis 50, 100, 150, 200 ppm. Experiment result shows the experiment which use a match Alumunium sulphate and PAC as coagulant could give a good quality of processing and suitable with the treshhold of wastewater. The application of fl okulan Aquaklir 240 could help the performance of coagulan that can be seen from the fl oc size form.Key words : fl occulation, coagulation.
KETERSEDIAAN DAN KEBUTUHAN AIR DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH DAN JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Purnama, dkk Setyawan
Published: August 2020

There are two objectives of this research. First, to calculate water available and water need in the research area and second, to analysis the water balance. Water available cover rivers water and springs water, whereas water need cover domestic usage, industrial usage, rivers protect, cattle, fi shery and irrigation. As a result, show that the biggest water available in Central Java is in Serayu River Basin namely 8615.33 million m3/year, whereas the smallest is in Juana River Basin namely 88.39 million m3/year. In East Java, the biggest water available is in Downstream Bengawan Solo River Basin namely 26149.38 million m3/year, whereas the smallest is in Luminu Penguluran River Basin namely 45.26 million m3/year. Base on the water balance, the water balance of both province are also variatifl y. In Central Java, Serang-Lusi, Juana and Citanduy River Basin get water defi cit along years, whereas in East Java, it is just Luminu Penguluran River Basin that get defi cit along years. According the water surplus, Serayu River Basin in Central Java and Downstream Bengawan Solo River Basin in East Java get water surplus along years.Key words : water available, water need, water balance
EVALUASI KONDISI LINGKUNGAN PERAIRAN KAWASAN PULAU ABANG, GALANG BARU, BATAM BERDASARKAN ANALISA INDEKS STORET DAN SIMILARITAS CANBERA
Authors: Sachoemar Suhendar I
Published: August 2020

Evaluation of the water quality status at Abang Island Region was conducted by using the STORET and Canbera Similarity Indeks during Mei, June and October 2006. Thes analysis result shows that the water quality within this region was within the range of good to moderate. This condition indicats that the water quality status is still suitable to support the marine biotic life. During May, the water quality was good, but in June and October was decreased due to the increasing of the organic material transported by land surface run off driven by precipitation as response to the seasonal change.Key words : Kualitas air, Pulau Abang, Indeks Storet, Indeks Similaritas Canbera.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS LAHAN DENGAN SISTEM BUDIDAYA LORONG DAN PEMBERIAN KAPUR DOLOMIT DI KABUPATEN CIREBON, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Mulyono Daru
Published: August 2020

The objective of the research is to know the effect of Alley Cropping to the land fertility, especially with the treatment of organic matter and combination between organic matter and dolomit, with regard to soybean production. The research used Complete Randomized Design with One Way Analysis of Variance, Regression, and Correlation in order to know the effect of treatment to the land fertility. The research was carried out in Cirebon Regency, West Java Province, during three planting seasons from 2007 to 2008. The results of the research showed that Flemengia congesta as a fence crop or hedgerows was signifi cant to land fertility through improvement of nutrients availability, increasing pH, decreasing availability of aluminium (Al). The effect of organic matter from prunning of the hedgerows into the soil to a high of 5,0 ton/ha will increase average soybean production from 13.974 kw/ha (dry grain) to 18.176 kw/ha or increase 30,07 %, whereas the effect of organic matter 5,0 ton/ha combined with dolomit 2,5 ton/ha will increase average soybean production from 13.974 kw/ha to 19.983 kw/ha or increase 43.00 %. The effect of organic matter 10,0 ton/ha combined with dolomit 2,5 ton/ha will increase average soybean production from 13.974 kw/ha to 21.966 kw/ha or increase 57.19 %.
EVALUASI POTENSI SUMBERDAYA AIR SUNGAI UNTUK PENGAIRAN DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT DAN BANTEN
Authors: Purnama Ig. Setyawan
Published: August 2020

The objectives of this research are to calculate river water potency and irrigation need in West Java and Banten, and evaluate its water balance. Calculation of river water potency is based on river discharge data in each river basins, whereas calculation of water need for agriculture is based on area width and irrigation need. The result of the research shows that the highest river water potency in West Java is in Cisadane-Ciliwung River Basins about 3119.81 million m3/year. The lowest river water potency is in downstream Citarum River Basin about 383.55 million m3/year. In Banten, the highest river water potency is in Cisadeg-Cikuningan River Basins about 4476.32 million m3/year, whereas thelowest is in Labuhan Merak River Basin about 596.33 million m3/year. According to water balance evaluation, the water balance of two provinces are also variative. In West Java, Upstream Citarum River Basin and Downstream Citarum River Basin almost get water defi cit in along year. In Banten, water defi cit in river basins just happen in several month. Base on water surplus, there are no river basin in West Java that get water surplus along year. In Banten, Ciujung River Basin get water surplus along year.Key words : river water, irrigation, river basin
PROSES PEMBENIHAN DAN AKLIMATISASI MIKROORGANISME DARI LIMBAH PABRIK PERMEN UNTUK LUMPUR AKTIF
Authors: Titiresmi Titiresmi
Published: August 2020

To process wastes biologically beside knowing quality of wastes a seeding process and a microbial acclimatization are needed in order to develop microbes capable of degrading organic compounds in the wastes. Samples were taken from aeration tank of PT. Van Melle Indonesia, a candy factory, which were then poured into separated tank to be batch-aerated for 4 months. Such a microbial seeding plays an important role in aerobically waste treatments. Beside COD,VSS values being a seeding-threshold measure (more than 3000 mg/l) for being used in an aerobe process. During 1 month seeding the VSS concentration was high, i.e. approximately 6000 mg/l. However, the effi ciency of COD removal was not appropriate because of high organic loads. Thus, nutrient-less treatments were run for 2 weeks seeding (day-57 to day-75). During theperiod VSS concentrations decreased from 6000 mg/l to 4000 mg/l. After nutrients additions on day-78 VSS start to increase along with the increasing of COD values. During day-94 to day-118 period, the achieved effi ciency of COD removal was more than 80% although the VSS values were low. At day-124 VSS concentration was 3122 mg/l and COD removal effi ciency was 91%.After the seeding process was stabilized then an acclimatization step, i.e. a process to adapt microorganisms to wastewater being treated, was performed. This process was carried out in a batch type digester. Adapting process was run by substituting glucose with wastewater being treated. The fi nal process was COD removal effi ciency of more than 80%.Key words : Microorganisms, aerobe, aeration, VSS, COD.
ANALISIS RESIKO BENCANA GEMPA BUMI UNTUK PENATAAN RUANG KABUPATEN BURU SELATAN
Authors: Prasetya Hermawan
Published: August 2020

Law Number 26/2007 about Spatial Planning has been dedicating a spatial plan sound disaster mitigation. South Buru District, which as splitting district from Buru District, currently preparing spatial plan. This paper intends to conduct a risk analysis of the earthquake disaster that will be used to evaluate the concept of spatial plan of South Buru District. Risk analysis concist of set of analysis such as prone, vulnerability and risk analysis to earthquake disasters. Based on these analysis, indicates the level of risk to earth quake in the majority of South Buru area is low. Comparison between the risk map with the concept of spatial plan indicates that the placement locations of major activities in spatial concepts have been in accordance with the risk of earthquake.Keyword : earthquake, prone to disaster, vulnerability, risk analysis, spatial planning
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KAKAO SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK KAMBING
Authors: Akhadiarto Sindu
Published: August 2020

Feed is the main component in livestock industry, and contributes 70% of the total farming cost. Agriculture by-product is one of the alternative feed ingredients for goat feed. The width of cocoa estates in Indonesia in period 2003-2007 shows the highest improvements (43,5 %) than other commodity estates, thus cocoa estates have integrated prospect with livestock industry. Cocoa husk is the most waste of cocoa (73,77 %) and contains raw protein and energy which is not too different with kinggrass, so can substitute green feed more than half. The potential of livestock integrated with the cocoa estates ha a good prospect on the public estateâ€™s development. Cocoa estate has a good prospect to support the integrated with goat farming, however it need s a real concept of the integrated program that work sustainable. The potency of cocoa estate has carrying capacity of 6.05 head goats for 1 hectare area. This is based on the need of the feed from cocoahusk of 1.5 kg/head/day.Keywords : cocoa waste, goat feed
PEMUPUKAN DENGAN BAHAN ORGANIK UNTUK MENUJU PERTANIAN YANG BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN DESA SEMBALUN LAWANG, NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: Djamhari Sudaryanto
Published: August 2020

Most of people Sembalun Lawang Village have subsistence agriculture sector. The government programs to increase productions and to use an-organic fertilizer and chemical pesticide. To given this production input result to make other the soil low fertility. Is this on proved always from the Soil Laboratory, Mataram University.To increase fertility, there is a way to give organic fertilizer and micro-organism on at time activity soil processing. This a way a technick of agriculture plantation for organic agriculture wich concern in production and mantinence aruond eco-system.Keywords : organic fertilizer, environmently agriculture,
PEMANTAUAN KUALITAS UDARA DI WILAYAH SEKITAR SEMBURAN LUMPUR SIDOARJO
Authors: Wahjono Heru Dwi
Published: August 2020

Air quality changes due to the discharge gas in the vicinity of the location of bursts of mud in Sidoarjo disrupt the activities of people who live around. Concerns of the dangers caused by gas can increase the burden of the problems already experienced by them. Surveys measuring several parameters of gas in the villages around bursts mud needs to be done to provide clear information about the condition of air quality ambien. The measurement data processing and analysis results are expected to be used as an input when the decision is necessary to avoid another disaster due to the gas leak in that area.Keywords : Air Polution, Sidoarjo mudflow, Gas Consentration Monitoring, Bubble gas
PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN KACANG TANAH UNTUK MENUNJANG KETAHANAN PANGAN: (STUDI KASUS UJI VARIETAS DI DESA MAKAMENGGIT KABUPATEN SUMBA TIMUR â€“ NTT)
Authors: Widiyono Wahyu
Published: August 2020

To understand the prospect of groundnut development (Arachis hypogaea) for supporting food security in semi arid area, survey and experiment of groundnut varieties were undertaken in Makamenggit Village, East Sumba District, the East Nusa Tenggara Province. Aim of research was to understand natural resources (soil, climate and water) and production potency based on cased study of 6 (six) varieties of groundnut which was cultivated under manure treatment. The six groundnut varieties, i.e. Tupai, Komodo, Zebra, Gajah, Bogor variety and Makamenggit local variety were cultivated in vertisol soil type, organic manure of buffalo feces, irrigation manually from water river in dry season. Parameters of plant height, leave number, and leave cover each individual plant were observed every week, since 5 weeks until 12 weeks after planting. Survey indicated that agro-climate and hydrology of East Sumba was very potential to support groundnut development not only in the rainy season short period (3-4 months), but also in the dry season by utilization of the existence of waterresources (some river and â€˜embung-embungâ€™). Result of research showed that six varieties of groundnut had good vegetative growth. The Makamenggit local variety which showed vegetative growth so good performance was potential to promote as a national superior seed. It was obviously that organic manure could increase groundnut vegetative growth (and also reproductive yield) at the vertisol soil type. To develop groundnut cultivation in East Sumba area the utilization of organic manure, cultivation in dry season by irrigation of limited water and seed diversity need to be socialized continuously to the farmers.Keywords: natural resources, prospect, groundnut, food security, east Sumba.
ANALISIS DAYA DUKUNG LAHAN DAN OPTIMASI PENDAPATAN USAHA TANI DI DAERAH TRANSMIGRASI KURO TIDUR, BENGKULU
Authors: Mulyono Daru
Published: August 2020

The objective of the research is to know the cultivation land scale of farmers according to kind of commodities in order to achieve the highest farm income subject to the low land carrying capacity condition. The research use Linear Programming Technique with subject to two main constraints, that are area of cultivation and availability of man power. The research was carried out in Wonoharjo Village, Unit VIII Kuro Tidur Transmigration area, Bengkulu. The method of sampling drawn was random sampling. Number of respondentswas 60 farmers who cultivate food crops as well as estate crops. The results of the research show that the highest farm income can be achieved to a high of Rp. 2.279.217,- a year or increase amount of Rp. 511.140,- a year or 28.9 % through intensive cultivation of wetland rice = 0.261 ha, upland rice = 0.188 ha, cassava = 0.120 ha, peanut = 0,101 ha, and coffee = 0.750 ha.Kaywords: Transmigration land income
POTENSI SUMBERDAYA AIR DAS SERAYU
Authors: Purnama Setyawan
Published: August 2020

Serayu River Basin is one of critical river basin in Java. This problems become seriously because the river basin cover wide area, that almost cover most of the south of Central Java Province. This research is aimed to calculate and analyse the resources potency of rainfall, river, groundwater and springs. Rainfall potency is calculated by isohyetal method, river potency is determined base onhydograph dan water level data. Groundwater and springs is determined qualitatifly base on Hydrogeological Map, whereas quantitatifly is calculated by meteorogical method base on water balance concept in river basin. As a result, show that the average rainfall in Serayu River Basin is 3,577 m3/year, whereasthe rainfall potency is 13,481.00 x 106 m3/year. The average of monthly maximum discharge in Serayu is 60 m3/second, with monthly minimum discharge 11 m3/second. Meteorologically, groundwater storage in Serayu River Basin is 105,981,890 m3/year. Beside that, in Serayu River Basin also have 93 springs, that is 10 springs with discharge more than 500 litre/second, 15 springs with discharge 50-100 litre/second, 20 springs with discharge 10-50 litre/second and 24 springs with discharge less than 10 litre/second.Keywords : Water resources potency, Serayu River Basin
EXERGY ANALYSIS OF GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT KAMOJANG 68, 3 MW IN CAPACITY
Authors: Aziz Amiral
Published: August 2020

The importance of exergy analysis in preliminary design of geothermal power has been proven. An exergy analysis was carried out and the locations and quantities of exergy losses, wastes and destructions in the different processes of the plan were pinpointed. The obtained results show that the total exergy available from production wells KMJ 68 was calculated to be 6967.55 kW. The total exergy received from wells which is connected during the analysis and enter into the separator was found to be 6337.91 kW in which 5808.8 kW is contained in the steam phase. The overall exergy efficiency for the power plant is 43.06% and the overall energy efficiency is 13.05 %, in both cases with respect to the exergy from the connected wells. The parts of the system with largest exergy destruction are the condenser, the turbine, and the disposed waste brinekeywords: exergy, irreversibility, geothermal power plant, KMJ 68
ANALYSIS FOR POTENCY AND PRODUCTION OF GRANULE ORGANIC FERTILIZER BASED ON MANURE
Authors: Sahwan Firman L.
Published: August 2020

Organic materials that are generally used as raw material for organic fertilizer granules (POG) is a natural organic material that has been degrade, smooth and dry. One of the main raw materials are always used with a very high percentage of usage, is manure. Manure potential in Indonesia is very high, amounting to 113.6 million tons per year, or 64.7 million tons per year to the island of Java. From this amount, it will be generated numbers POG production potential of 17.5 million tons per year (total Indonesia) or 9.9 million tons per year for the island of Java. While the realistic POG production predictions figures made from raw manure is 2.5 million tons annually, a figure that has been unable to meet the number requirement of POG greater than 4 million tons per year. Therefore, in producing POG, it should be to maximize the using of the potential of other organic materials so that the use of manure can be saved. With the use of a small amount of manure (maximum 30% for cow manure), it would be useful also to avoid the production of POG with high Fe content.keywods: organic material, manure, granule organic fertilizer
ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABILITYPEATLAND IN AGROECOLOGY OIL PALM PLANTATION
Authors: Dkk Sowondo
Published: August 2020

This research was based on the damages of peatlands. Peatland was potential to be developed as plantation. The objective of the research was to examine sustainability index of peatlands management on agroecology palm oil plantations at Bengkalis-Riau. The point location was determinated with purposif sampling as palm oil activited and which were peatland physiography at marine and brackish peat. The data collected using desk study and field survey. The sustainable measurements were conducted on the dimensions of ecological, economic, socio-culture, infrastructure and technology, law and institutional. Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) itâ€™s called Rap-Insus-Landmag (Rapid Appraisalâ€“Indeks Sustainability of Land Management) was used evaluatedsustainability of peatland management on agroecology palm oil plantation. The results of this study indicated that marine peat and brakish peat sustainability for five dimension (ecology, economic, socio-culture, infrastructure and technology, law and institutional) on the existing condition i.e. ecological dimension less sustainable (49,14 % and 46,60 %), economic moderate sustainable (69,30 % and 64,7 %), socio-culture moderate sustainable (52,32 % and 54,47 %), infrastructure and technology moderate and less sustainable (51,15 % and 49,64), law and institutional moderate sustainable (50,33 %and 56,99 %). Therefore, sustainability peatlands of management on groecology oil palm plantations have category less-to-moderate at the Bengkalis-Riau.keywords : peatland, sustainable, palm oil plantation
SOLID-LIQUID FERMENTATION PROCESS FOR SOLID WASTE PALM OIL PROCESSING
Authors: Setyahadi., dkk Siawa
Published: August 2020

The main elements contained in solid waste palm-called empty fruit bunches palm oil are 45-50% cellulose, 25-35% hemicellulose and lignin. Empty fruit bunches palm oil are used as compost feedstock in this study have a 56.49% of C-organic content, 0.34% of N-total, and 165.15 of C / N ratio.Solid waste oil palm is increasing in line with the needs of palm oil for household needs. While palm trees need a good fertilization in order to increase oil palm productivity. Traditionally, processing of empty fruit bunches palm oil to be composted,left on open land that will take a long time and vast land in accordance with its production capacity. By using solid-liquid fermentation is expected to occur with a rapid decomposition process with enzymatic hydrolysis and followed by higher temperature at 100 oC or 121oC. The result shows that, within 4 days of decomposition, a pH value between 6-8, the water content 70-80%, C content was decreased from 56% to 53-49%, increasing N-Total value start from 0, 34% to 0.9%, and decreased the C/N ratio from 165 to 58.keywords : empty fruit bunches palm oil, fermentation, compost, solid-liquid