bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH AND PATENTING IN COVID TIMES
Authors:   Editor,  Indian Drugs, Nair Gopakumar G.
Published: September 2021

Dear Reader, Government of India is currently negotiating a limited trade deal with USA which is likely to be signed after the US elections. Although, the current negotiations do not cover the Intellectual Properties (IP) or Pharmaceuticals, a limited deal if concluded successfully is expected to be followed by a full Trade Deal (FTA), which will include IP and Pharmaceuticals too. In spite of all the negative (or positive?) consequences of COVID-19, the Sars2CoV virus has provided humanity with a great learning experience. Repurposing of known drugs, bio-natural products, biologicals and vaccines such as TB, Leprosy, BCG have all been undertaken in the desperate search for prophylactic, therapeutic as well as preventive options. However it is interesting to note and appreciate that except for pre-existing patent rights (ex:-Remdesivir), there have hardly been any emphases on protecting the Covid remedies through patenting.
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ASPIRIN AND OMEPRAZOLE IN LABORATORY SAMPLE BY DIFFERENT UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC TECHNIQUES
Authors: Wani Rakesh M , Kashid Arun M , Ghatge Amita , Sahoo Sumita
Published: September 2021

The aim of the present work was to develop simple, precise and economic UV- spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous estimation of aspirin and omeprazole in a laboratory sample. The absorbance maxima (λmax) for detection of aspirin and omeprazole were selected as 274 nm and 302 nm, respectively, for simultaneous equation method while wavelength range for detection of aspirin and omeprazole were selected as 270 nm - 276 nm and 300 nm - 305 nm, respectively for area under curve method. Absorbance ratio method uses the ratio of absorbances at two selected wavelengths, one which is an isoabsorptive point and other being the λ max of one of the two components. From the overlay spectra of two drugs, it is evident that aspirin and omeprazole show an isoabsorptive point at 238.6 nm. In zero crossing first derivative spectrophotometry, aspirin showed zero crossing point at 301nm and omeprazole showed zero crossing point at 274nm. Linearity for aspirin was between 25- 125 μg/mL and omeprazole it was 3-15 μg/mL. These methods were successfully applied for estimation of aspirin and omeprazole in the laboratory sample.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANT ACTIVITY FOR NOVEL [1,4]DIAZEPINO[2,3-G]QUINOXALINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Visagaperumal D. , Varma Pemmadi Raghuveer , Jayakumar R. , Chandy Vineeth
Published: September 2021

Novel [1,4]diazepino[2,3-g]quinoxaline derivatives 5a-5i were designed, synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic method and elemental analysis. The title compounds were screened for skeletal muscle relaxant. Among the synthesized analogs, compound 5g and compound 5h revealed significant skeletal muscle relaxant activity. The relationship between the functional group variation and the biological activity of the synthesized compounds is discussed.
INTRUSION OF GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE-3Β TO COPE VARIOUS CARDIAC DISORDERS AT MOLECULAR LEVEL
Authors: Vishwakarma Vishal Kumar , Ansari Tarique Mahmood , Maiti Anup , Srivastav Ritesh Kumar , Bagga Paramdeep , Ahsan Farogh
Published: September 2021

All eukaryotes consist of kinases with a serine/threonine residue called glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) which mediates cellular functions by causing phosphorylation of glycogen synthase and regulating glucose metabolism. It establishes disease mechanisms through cell signalling and different transcription factors. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) has pharmacological role in cardiac fibrosis, hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, hyperhomocysteinemia and in case of myocardial reperfusion injury and estrogen deficiency on the heart. The lead compounds were discovered from natural products possessing GSK-3β inhibitory activity. New signalling pathways involving mitochondrion have been investigated for ischemic preconditioning. GSK-3β may bind with mitochondrial protein and mediate mitochondrion function by binding with PI3K-Akt, PGC-1α, HK-II, PKCε subunits of mPTP. The present study explores the structural functionalities of GSK-3β and their contributory role in cardiac disorders and various other diseases. Therefore, GSK-3β is believed to be an imperative target for the discovery and development of newer drugs.
EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF EXTRACTS OF MOCHARAS (GUM OF BOMBAX MALABARICUM) AGAINST CERTAIN BACTERIAL STRAINS
Authors: Sada Akhtar , Rauf Abdur , Rehman Sumbul , Siddiqui Mohd Zakir
Published: September 2021

Mocharas is the gum of the tree Bombax malabaricum DC which belongs to the family Bombaceae. In Unani system of medicine, it is used in the treatment of various infectious diseases. In the present study, various extracts of Mocharas (B. malabaricum) were tested for their antibacterial activity against some gram positive (Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Corynebacterium xerosis and Bacillus cereus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris) bacterial strains using Agar Well method and Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. The potency of the extracts to microorganisms was compared with the standard drug, Ciprofloxacin (SD060) 5µg/disk for gram positive bacterial strains and Gentamicin (SD016) 10µg/disk for gram negative bacterial strains. Results were interpreted on the basis of Zone of Inhibition (ZOI), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Hydroalcoholic and alcoholic extracts showed significant antibacterial activity than aqueous extract.
Simulation and Performance Test Giromill Type Wind Turbine; Case Study Muara Enim, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Irawan Ovi , Bow Yohandri , Kusumanto RD
Published: September 2021

This research examines the dynamic load resistance of the Giromill type wind turbine to the variable wind speed, which is converted to the value of the force received by the wind turbine blades. The analysis was carried out numerically using Autodesk Inventor Professional 2019 software. The variations in wind speed used were 2.5 m/s with a force value of 0.195 N for the Giromill turbine, at a speed of 3.5 m/s with a force value of 0.274 N, at 4.5 m /s with a Force value of 0.352 N and a wind speed of 5.5 m/s with a force rating of 0.430 N. From the simulation results using the Autodesk Inventor Pro 2019 software, the effect of gravitational force is greater than the wind force in, so stress analysis is mainly caused by gravity while the wind force has no significant impact. The simulation results also have a characteristic that the higher the wind speed, the lower the stress value. In addition to the dynamic load simulation, the author also tries to implement the Giromill wind turbines in Muara Enim district, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The wind turbine blade rotation will be faster, and the Wind Generator will produce a greater voltage if it is supported by sufficient wind speed.
Syngas Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) Testing of In-Situ Type Lignite Coal and Fracture Type Coal
Authors: Julismi  , Rusdianasari  , Hasan Abu
Published: September 2021

The advancement and utilization of technology require energy, namely electricity and fuel energy. The increasing cost of fossil energy, the scarcity of non-renewable energy sources and the increasing energy demand requires diversification of energy resources. One of the new renewable energy sources currently being developed in Indonesia is Underground Coal Gasification (UCG). UCG is a new technology that utilizes unmined coal. In the UCG process, coal is burned underground and the syngas produced is collected through bore wells for processing or direct use. The resulting syngas is analyzed to see the effect of in-situ type of lignite coal and fractured type of coal on syngas production using the UCG method. Tests carried out on fracture-type lignite coal for 120 minutes with a sample weight of 1.3 kg obtained a CH4 gas concentration of 0.24%, which is relatively low compared to the in-situ type lignite coal sample CH4 gas concentration of 1.13%. The CO2 concentration was 54.46% in the fracture sample, and the In-Situ type sample was 52.19%. The O2 content with a value of 19.43% for the Fracture Type sample and 4.94% for the In-Situ type sample. Fracture Type and In-situ Lignite Coal produced fewer syngas products due to UCG testing than high-rank coals such as sub-bituminous and bituminous coal.
CRISPR/CAS9 IN GENOME EDITING: A NATURE GIFTED MOLECULAR TOOL
Authors: Bashir MA , Ali Q , Rashid MS , Malika A
Published: September 2021

The Cas9 protein derived from type II CRISPR as a part of bacterial immune system has been raising up as a useful genetic tool for genomic engineering in various life forms. As RNA-guided DNA endonucleases, the Cas9 could be effectively customized to marked new DNA sequence sites by adjusting guided RNA sequences; it has been appeared as new emerging DNA editing technology. The nuclease-disable types of Cas9 has provided adaptable RNA guided DNA focusing on regulation and visualization of genomic DNA, just as for restoring the epigenetic forms and status, all has been shown in a an accurate sequence. Through these proceed; the researchers have started to explore conceivable uses of Cas9 in medical, agriculture, pharmaceutical and livestock sciences.
CLINICAL FEATURES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF COVID-19
Authors: Ali J , Ali Q , Hafeez MM , Malik A
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 has affected worldwide population at every level from advance to under developed countries and also majorly affected clinical microbiology labs. This critique covers current issues furthermore, challenges for the research facility determination of diseases brought about by extreme intense respiratory disorder coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In the pre analytical stage, gathering the best possible respiratory diseases information at the time from the privilege has become fundamental for a brief and exact basic finding of COVID-19. Appropriate measures are required to protect lab staffs, performing the test outcomes for COVID-19. In the investigative stage, constant converse translation PCR (RT-PCR) tests remain the basic trial of decision for the etiologic determination of SARS-CoV-2 contamination while counteracting agent-based procedures are being presented as supplemental tests. In the post-analytical stage, testing results ought to be cautiously deciphered utilizing both basic and serological findings. At long last, arbitrary access, testing kits accessible for the purpose of care with versatile limits are encouraging the fast and exact finding and observing of SARS-CoV-2 contaminations and extraordinarily aid the control of this episode.
Comparing Calculated LDL with Direct Method: A Retrospective, Real-World Evidence Study on Diagnostic Lab Reports from A Single Center in India
Authors: Shah Munjal ,   Paras Pathology, Mumbai, India, Mehta Nehal ,   Paras Pathology, Mumbai, India, Bhosale Vaibhavi ,   Paras Pathology, Mumbai, India, Palukuri Srivani ,   Sekhmet Technologies (THB), Gurgaon, India, Gehlot Mohini ,   Sekhmet Technologies (THB), Gurgaon, India
Published: September 2021

Objective: To compare and validate the calculated LDL values from Friedewald and Anandaraja formulas with directly measured values in the Indian population. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on randomly selected 102 individuals of 16 to 88 years of age during December 2019. The direct LDL values were measured using selective solubilization assay, and Friedewald and Anandaraja formulas were used to calculate LDL for comparison. The correlations between direct and calculated methods were assessed using the linear regression method. Receiver operating characteristic analysis with nonparametric distribution was used to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the three methods. Results: The average LDL of direct method, 107.3 mg/dL, Friedewald formula, 89.7 mg/dL, and Anandaraja was 99.0 mg/dL. The relation between direct and calculated values assessed by linear regression showed 97% and 87% of correlation with Friedewald and Anandaraja, respectively. The ROC analysis inferred that direct (AUC 0.74; 95% CI 0.64-0.83) and Friedewald (AUC 0.71; 95% CI 0.61-0.81) methods had shown about 70% efficiency in predicting true positive and true negative dyslipidemia cases. In our dataset, the Anandaraja formula could not well differentiate positives from negative cases of dyslipidemia with merely 60% AUC. Conclusion: The underpredicted values from the Friedewald formula were associated with deranged cholesterol and HDL values, not triglycerides. Anandaraja formula overpredicted by 10 to 30 mg/dL when triglycerides were <150 mg/dL and underpredicted by 10-43 mg/dL while non-HDL was >140 mg/dL.
Thyroid Disorders in Type 2 Diabetics in India: A Real-world Evidence-based Study
Authors:   Dr Akash Garg Physician Clinic, Noida, India, Garg Akash , Dubey Aparajita ,   Sekhmet Technologies (THB), Gurgaon, India
Published: September 2021

Background: In Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are commonly seen. The circulating thyroid hormones have a significant effect on the metabolism of glucose, lipid, and protein. In the case of T2DM, glycaemic control can worsen due to this effect. In T2DM patients, hyperglycemia can occur due to worsening diabetes mellitus because of hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis and can increase the risk of complications of diabetes. T2DM also affects the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone by reducing it. It also impairs triiodothyronine (T3) conversion from thyroxine (T4) in the peripheral tissues. If T2DM is poorly managed, it can lead to insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. It is important to carry out more studies to clarify the relationship between thyroid disorders and T2DM. Objective: To understand the interdependent relationship between TD, T2DM, and hypertension. Material and methods: Retrospective, single-center, observational study conducted on anonymized patient data captured from electronic medical records (EMR). The demographic and clinical profile of T2DM patients were noted along with the thyroid test lab values available for the diabetic patients in the records. Results: A high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was found in T2DM diabetics than found in the normal population. In the present study, hypothyroidism was found to be more in T2DM patients as compared to hypothyroidism. Conclusion: An increased prevalence of TD is being seen in T2DM patients and can worsen each other's function. A more systematic approach is needed for thyroid testing considering the clinical implications of the coexistence of TD and T2DM.
Just Universities
Authors: Beyer Gerald J.
Published: September 2021

Gerald J. Beyer’s Just Universities discusses ways that U.S. Catholic institutions of higher education have embodied or failed to embody Catholic social teaching in their campus policies and practices. Beyer argues that the corporatization of the university has infected U.S. higher education with hyper-individualistic models and practices, which hinder the ability of Catholic institutions to create an environment imbued with bedrock values and principles of CST such as respect for human rights, solidarity, and justice. Beyer problematizes corporatized higher education and shows how it has adversely impacted efforts on Catholic campuses to promote worker justice on campus, equitable admissions, financial aid, and retention policies, diversity and inclusion policies that treat people of color, women, and LGBTQ persons as full community members, just investment, and stewardship of resources and the environment. Just
Universities represents a unique contribution to the discussion of mission and identity in Catholic higher education, which almost exclusively focuses on issues such as curriculum, philosophy of education, and religious rituals on campus, while overlooking the obligation to promote justice and human dignity both beyond and within the institution’s walls. By critiquing failures to embody Catholic social teaching on campuses, commending already existent promising practices, and proposing ways in which Catholic colleges can foster stronger commitment to CST, Just Universities illustrates how Catholic social teaching can undergird a just model of higher education in the age of the corporatized university.
Radical Hospitality
Authors: Kearney Richard , Fitzpatrick Melissa
Published: September 2021

This volume addresses a timely and challenging subject for contemporary philosophy: the ethical responsibility of opening borders, psychic and physical, to the stranger. Drawing on key critical debates on the question of hospitality ranging from phenomenology, hermeneutics and deconstruction to neo-Kantian moral critique and Anglo-American virtue ethics, the book engages with urgent moral conversations regarding the role of identity, nationality, immigration, peace, and justice. The volume is divided into two parts. In the first part, entitled “Four Faces of Hospitality: Linguistic, Narrative, Confessional, Carnal,” Richard Kearney develops his recent research on the philosophy of hospitality, which informs the international Guestbook Project of which he is a founder and director (guestbookproject.org). This part elaborates an ethics of hosting the stranger. In the second part, entitled “Hospitality and Moral Psychology: Exploring the Border between Theory and Practice,” Melissa Fitzpatrick adumbrates a new ethics of hospitality in a robust reengagement with the philosophies of Kant, Levinas, Arendt, and contemporary virtue ethicist Talbot Brewer. In the concluding chapters, Kearney and Fitzpatrick chart novel options for the pedagogical application of an ethics of hospitality to our contemporary world of border anxiety, boundary disputes, migration crisis, and the looming ecological challenge.
On the Horizon of World Literature
Authors: Sun Emily
Published: September 2021

This book compares Romantic England and Republican China as asynchronous moments of incipient literary modernity in different lifeworlds. These moments were oriented alike by “world literature” as a discursive framework of classifications that connected and re-organized local articulations of literary histories and literary modernities. The book examines select literary forms—the literary manifesto, the tale collection, the familiar essay, and the domestic novel—as textual sites for the enactment of new socio-political forms-of-life. These forms function as testing grounds for questions of both literary-aesthetic and socio-political importance: What does it mean to attain a voice? What is a common reader? How does one dwell in the ordinary? What is a woman? In different languages, activating heterogeneous literary and philosophical traditions, the texts analyzed explore by literary means the far-from-settled problem of what it means to be modern in different lifeworlds and ongoing traditions. Authors studied include Percy Bysshe Shelley, Lu Xun, Charles and Mary Lamb, Lin Shu, Zhou Zuoren, Jane Austen, and Eileen Chang. This book contributes to the fields of comparative literature, British Romanticism, and modern Chinese literature.
Message from the Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Harrington Ingrid
Published: September 2021

Message from the Editor-in-Chief
A Study on the Level of Comprehension and Satisfaction With Distance Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kanoh Hiroko
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this paper is to clarify how students perceive changes in the educational environment, such as distance learning. A survey was conducted by creating questions that were narrowed down into specific methods, such as categorizing remote teaching methods as text-based, on-demand, or interactive, and sub-dividing the on-demand type into slides with sound and on-demand via video recording. As a result, the most common type of class was text-based. The one with the highest level of comprehension was the interactive type, while the on-demand type was found to have the highest level of satisfaction. It was also found that many students believe that Distance learning would continue for some time, with only a minority being willing to take classes in the classroom despite concerns about infection. While many students felt that distance learning was good for them, such as "I don’t need to commute to school" and "I can rewatch videos," some concerns included "I can’t make new friends" and "It’s hard to communicate with others.” Since students who felt lonely with Distance learning fell into two extremes, they were divided into a high loneliness group and a low loneliness group for comparison. As a result, it was found that students with high loneliness did not enjoy Distance learning and were unable to make new friends, while students with low loneliness seemed to enjoy Distance learning and were able to make new friends even when online.
Hear us! Accounts of people treated with injectables for drug-resistant TB
Authors: Almeida A. , Adjuntsov M. , Bushura W. , Delgado E. , Drasher M. , Fernando-Pancho M. , Gasane M. , Ianoşi M. V. , Lessem E. , Musah A. , Răduţ Ş , Sánchez Ríos C. H. , Soe K. S. , Venkatesan N. , Villegas V. V. , Stillo J.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: WHO drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) treatment recommendations now emphasize all-oral regimens, recommending against certain injectable agents and deprioritizing others due to inferior safety and efficacy. Despite increasing focus on patient-centered care, we are not aware
of systematic attempts to qualitatively document patients’ perspectives on injectable agents. This may inform implementation of WHO guidelines, emphasizing the importance of consultation with affected communities.METHODS: Testimonies were provided by TB survivors who experienced
hearing loss from treatment with injectable agents. Testimonies were submitted in writing in response to minimal, standardized, open-ended prompts. Participants provided a signed consent form (with options to participate anonymously or as a named co-author), and later gave input into the overall
shape and recommendations of the article.RESULTS: Fourteen TB survivors in 12 countries contributed testimonies. The following common themes emerged: lack of access to appropriate testing, information, treatment, or a collaborative treatment environment; the power of supportive
care and social environments; stigma and isolation from TB treatment itself and resultant disability; and inaccessibility of cochlear implants.CONCLUSIONS: Survivor testimonies indicate strong preferences for avoidance of injectable agents, supporting rapid implementation of revised
WHO guidelines, as well as for quality and supportive care for both TB and disabilities.
Ten years since the crises in Syria: lessons for planetary and public health
Authors: Lal P.
Published: September 2021

Climate scientists have attributed the war in Syria to persistent droughts caused by damming of rivers and growing aridity due to climate change. As result of the war, there has been widespread migration, hunger, malnutrition, and a collapse of public health systems. While many climate
researchers question the direct link of climate variability to civil unrest, there is no doubt that mitigating and reversing Syria’s environmental degradation, and reviving food security and public health systems will play an important role in avoiding future unrest in the region.
Tsunami Impact Assessment and Vulnerability Index Development using Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model and Geographic Information System (GIS) – A Study on Mie Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Tanaka Hajime , Shiiba Nagisa , Huang Michael C.
Published: September 2021

Japan is highly prone to multiple natural hazards, such as typhoons, earthquakes, and tsunamis in general. However, the compound disaster that entailed earthquake, tsunami, and a nuclear crisis, along with disruption of the global supply chain triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, highlighted the need for a holistic risk assessment of impacts amplified by multiple disasters. According to the Cabinet Office of Japan, the occurrence probability of a Nankai Trough Earthquake and Tsunami is 70% within the next 30 years. It suggests the need for comprehensive impact assessment to enhance the disaster risk reduction strategies of the region. This study conducts a tsunami impact assessment using quantitative analysis to identify vulnerable industries in Mie Prefecture, Japan, famous for tourism, value-added sectors of aquaculture, food processing, and petroleum refining tanks situated in at-risk areas. To create a tsunami shock scenario, we apply a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model using an input-output table of the Mie Prefecture (2015 version) and geographic information system (GIS). The street-level business entity data enable us to incorporate with the disaster scenario to provide evidence-based damage estimates of capital and labor loss due to a tsunami. We present the simulation results of output change, price change, external trade, and welfare analysis and propose creating a vulnerability index (VI) for disaster impact. These quantified and visualized indicators would provide informative implications for ex-ante policymaking and risk financing to cope with fragile sectors effectively.
The impact of radiotherapy on the quality of life
in patients with early-stage clinical head and
neck cancer
Authors: Milecki Jakub , Żmijewska-Tomczak Małgorzata , Osmola Krzysztof , Wierzbicka Małgorzata
Published: September 2021

Radiotherapy (RT) for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) affects vital functions related to the irradiation volume of the head and neck region and, in addition, has a negative impact on social functioning, thereby significantly impairing patients’ quality of life (QoL).

The aim of this study was to assess changes in the quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer treated with curative RT at 12 months after completion of RT. The aim of this study was to assess the differences between the baseline QoL of patients with early clinical stage HNSCC and at 12 months after curative/radical RT.

The prospective clinical study included 92 patients in good general condition (ECOG 0–1 – Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status), without regional or distant metastases, diagnosed with pathomorphologically confirmed early-stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with definitive RT. All patients participating in the study signed an informed consent form. QoL was assessed using the standard EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQH&N35 questionnaires. In addition, information on clinical aspects and data relating to socio-demographic factors were obtained from each patient. Statistical analysis was performed using a statistical package (SPSS 17.0). T-test was used for dependent and independent samples. A general linear model was used for repeated measures.

Patients’ QoL deteriorated significantly after definitive RT. Worse QoL Core-30 scores in patients 12 months after the end of RT, compared with baseline QoL, before the start of RT, were observed in domains such as physical performance, fulfillment of life roles, cognitive functioning, loss of appetite, fatigue and constipation. For the QLQ-H&N35 questionnaires, patients 12 months after the end of RT reported problems in relation to aspects of life such as senses, mouth opening, dry mouth, thick saliva, pain, and weight loss.

RT, even in early clinical stage head and neck cancer, has a negative impact on QoL, despite modern treatment techniques.
UJI MODEL FISIK PENGENDALIAN ELEVASI DASAR SUNGAI DI SEKITAR INTAKE POLDER ALABIO, KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI UTARA, PROPINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN VANE
Authors: Nugroho Joko , Miranti Febry Asthia , Kumala Yiniarti Eka , Harlan Dhemi
Published: September 2021

Pada makalah ini disampaikan hasil penelitian terhadap pengendalian elevasi dasar sungai di depan intake dengan menggunakan vane, pada kasus intake Irigasi Polder Alabio, Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara, Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan, dengan menggunakan model fisik. Intake dari daerah irigasi ini berada di Sungai Negara.  Lahan pada DAS Sungai Negara semakin kritis sehingga terjadi pendangkalan dasar sungai, sehingga hal ini dapat mengganggu kinerja operasional intake irigasi teknis. Pemodelan fisik di laboratorium dilakukan dengan menggunakan skala geometri 1:40, dengan kala kecepatan dan debit ditentukan berdasarkan keserupaan aliran berdasarkan bilangan Froude. Model vane yang digunakan di laboratorium berukuran panjang 10 cm, tebal 1 cm, tinggi 3 cm. Pengujian dilakukan dengan debit prototip 263,17 m3/s dan 65,53 m3/s. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan didapatkan bahwa pemasangan vane dapat menurunkan elevasi dasar sungai di depan intake. Kemapuan vane dalam menurunkan elevasi dasar sungai dipengaruhi oleh jarak terhadap intake dalam arah lateral maupun longitudinal. Dari simulasi pada model fisik, perbandingan volume sedimen yang masuk akibat vane terhadap volume sedimen eksisting dapat diturunkan hingga 44%.
Revolting Memories and Abject Materiality
Authors: Mullins Paul R.
Published: September 2021

The chapter closes the book by examining a 1930 lynching in Marion, Indiana and the broad range of evidence—photographs, primary documents, the lynching landscape, and oral histories—that collectively shape how this and other cases of difficult heritage are negotiated in local communities. Contemporary social conditions shape how we acknowledge our revulsion with histories like the Marion lynching, and some of the richest discourses on difficult heritage happen because these histories have the tangible materiality of place, powerful social symbolism rooted in materiality, and a persistent hold on our imagination. Marion is similar to many of the other places and things in this book that tend to be repressed in memory and public discourse because they are the material dimension of deep-seated structural inequalities and injustices we are reluctant to acknowledge. An ambitious archaeological perspective on such revolting things moves beyond simply describing narrowly defined objects and instead examines how contemporary materiality shapes how we imagine, express, experience, and negotiate a vast breadth of difficult historical experiences.
Chocolate Is a Product of the Cacao Tree
Authors: Walters Dale
Published: September 2021

This chapter looks at both the Theobroma cacao tree and its cultivation. It covers cacao botany: its unusual habit of cauliflory, where the flowers, and hence the pods, arise directly from the trunk and main branches of the tree; pollination of its flowers, which is linked with the ecology of the rain forest in which it grows; and dispersal of its seeds, which is almost unique in its dependency on vertebrate animals such as monkeys, bats, and squirrels. The chapter also deals with the cultivation of cacao, mostly by smallholder farmers on individual, family-managed farms, typically 0.5 –7 ha in size, in the lowland tropical regions of Latin America, West Africa, and Indonesia. Finally, the chapter examines the impact of the increasing demand for chocolate on the push towards the intensification of cocoa cultivation, threatening to shift production even further from the traditionally managed, sustainable cultivation systems of the past.
Going Underground
Authors: Walters Dale
Published: September 2021

Termites are important soil engineers, responsible for decomposing organic matter, recycling nutrients, and creating habitats for other organisms. But some species cause damage, including several genera that attack cacao trees. These include termites belonging to the genera Macrotermes, Nasutitermes, Microcerotermes, Ancistrotermes, and Coptotermes. Some are mound-builders, while others construct carton nests of faeces and wood on tree trunks, or small dome-shaped mounds on trees. Twenty years ago, the termite Macrotermes bellicosus was not thought to damage cacao, but today, it is considered a major pest of the crop, responsible for significant damage to seedlings and even mature trees. This chapter examines termite biology and looks at how they damage cacao trees and what can be done to manage the problem.
Cacao in a Changing Climate
Authors: Walters Dale
Published: September 2021

Earth’s climate is changing, with consequences for all life on the planet. The changing climate is already affecting some of the world’s cacao-growing regions and projections suggest that cultivating cacao in some parts of West Africa, for example, might become impossible. This chapter examines the causes of climate change, how we know the Earth’s climate is changing, and what can be done to mitigate its effects, including adopting policies to protect against deforestation. The implications for cacao growers are discussed, along with the approaches they might adopt to mitigate the effects of climate change. These approaches include developing new cacao genotypes better adapted to deal with the heat and drought stress associated with a warming climate.
Nach dem Bildersturm
Authors: Meier Esther
Published: September 2021

After the iconoclasm of the 16th century, church interiors in Antwerp and the Dutch Republic were refurnished. The study illuminates how the socio-confessional situation of Catholics is discussed in altarpieces by Abraham Bloemaert, Marten de Vos and Otto van Veen.
Gender and Sexuality in the Migrant Community
Authors: Lai Francisca Yuenki
Published: September 2021

The chapter examines the characteristics of the Indonesian migrant community in Hong Kong apart from serving as an outlet for socializing and relaxing. It documents the visibility of same-sex relationships among the pop dance groups in the migrant community. The author then discusses the sexual ideologies that circulate in these dance groups, including the fashion shows for tomboys (tomboi) and girls (cewek) respectively, the kin world established by the dance groups, and the satisfaction and meanings obtained from their same-sex relationships. The discussion includes how the women evaluate men, particularly Indonesian men, South Asian men, and Hong Kong men. It is noteworthy that their new experiences of same-sex intimacy in Hong Kong reshape their past experiences and relationship with their husband or boyfriend in Indonesia.
Sino-French Trade at Canton, 1698-1842
Authors: Schopp Susan E.
Published: September 2021

Sino-French Trade at Canton, 1698–1842 fills a gap in Canton Trade scholarship with this new account of France’s near century-and-a-half experience in that trade. From the distinctive features of the Sino-French trade model to vessels and sea routes, from the physical environment of the Pearl River Delta and the structure of the French hongs in Canton to the daily life of traders, the author draws on both French and other archival sources to bring the history to life, and challenges a number of common assumptions about both the French experience and the Canton Trade in the process. The French were early to engage in direct trade at Canton, and their movements were closely watched by their rivals; in addition, their contributions to the trade were both significant and diverse, ranging from the cultural to the nautical. The French East India Company, which was the product of an absolute monarchy, was distinctive for the dominant role played in its operations by the state. Yet this did not prevent legitimate private trade from playing a sometimes surprising role. Written in a reader-friendly style, Sino-French Trade at Canton, 1698–1842 will appeal to audiences interested in the Canton Trade, early modern Chinese history, shipping history, and cross-cultural encounters. Appendices provide a list of all known French voyages between 1698 and 1842, as well as a listing of French return cargoes from China in 1766.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Colorectal Polyp Histology Prediction by Using Narrow-Band Image-Magnifying Colonoscopy
Authors: Racz Istvan , Horvath Andras , Kranitz Noemi , Kiss Gyongyi , Regoczi Henriett , Horvath Zoltan
Published: September 2021

Background/Aims: We have been developing artificial intelligence based polyp histology prediction (AIPHP) method to classify Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) magnifying colonoscopy images to predict the hyperplastic or neoplastic histology of polyps. Our aim was to analyze the accuracy of AIPHP and narrow-band imaging international colorectal endoscopic (NICE) classification based histology predictions and also to compare the results of the two methods.Methods: We studied 373 colorectal polyp samples taken by polypectomy from 279 patients. The documented NBI still images were analyzed by the AIPHP method and by the NICE classification parallel. The AIPHP software was created by machine learning method. The software measures five geometrical and color features on the endoscopic image.Results: The accuracy of AIPHP was 86.6% (323/373) in total of polyps. We compared the AIPHP accuracy results for diminutive and non-diminutive polyps (82.1% vs. 92.2%; p=0.0032). The accuracy of the hyperplastic histology prediction was significantly better by NICE compared to AIPHP method both in the diminutive polyps (n=207) (95.2% vs. 82.1%) (p<0.001) and also in all evaluated polyps (n=373) (97.1% vs. 86.6%) (p<0.001)Conclusions: Our artificial intelligence based polyp histology prediction software could predict histology with high accuracy only in the large size polyp subgroup.
Influence of Kite Characteristics on Propulsive Power Applied to Ship Auxiliary Propulsion
Authors: Penloup Q. , Roncin K. , Parlier Y.
Published: September 2021

A Design of Experiment method was applied combined with a performance prediction program to assess the influence of four design parameters on the propulsive capacity of kites used as auxiliary propulsion for merchant vessels. Those parameters are the lift coefficient, the lift to drag ratio or drag angle, the maximal load bearable by the kite and the ratio of the tether length on the square root of the kite area. These parameters are independent from the kite area and, therefore, they could be used with various kite ranges and types. The maximum wing load parameter is the one that shows the most influence on the propulsive force. Over 50% of the gains obtained through this study are directly attributable to it. Then the ratio of the tether length on the square root of the kite area comes as the second greatest influence factor for true wind angles above 70°. While the drag angle is more influential for the narrower angles. In fact, the most substantial gains are made upwind.
Digitalization of the migration sphere in the Russian Federation: state and prospects
Authors: Popova Svetlana Mikhailovna
Published: September 2021

This article is dedicated to the analysis of the current state of digitalization of the migration sphere in the Russian Federation. It is demonstrated that the implementation of modern digital technologies, as well as information technology tools into the mechanisms of migration governance (in a broader sense, digital transformation of the system of relations between migrants and accepting country) is objectively inevitable in the context of global digital transition and growing role of the migration factor for the economy. The goal of this research is to determine the political-legal factors and problems that impact digital transition in the migration sphere of the Russian Federation. For achieving the set tasks, the article employs general scientific methods and approaches, including comparative methods. The author provides a brief overview of coevolution of the migration situation and migration regulation in the Russian Federation for the period 2012–2021. It is noted that the goals, tasks and instruments of migration governance change along with the transformation of perception of the importance of migration factor for the Russian Federation and its role in solution of economic development objective. Based on the parallel consideration of political-legal decisions and practices of digitalization of the migration sphere, the author summarizes the current results and challenges. It is indicated that the project approach and advanced legal regulation contribute to the digital reforms in the migration sphere; however, in practice we can observe deceleration of the pace of reforms due to lack of coherence in actions and conceptual approaches. The key reason is that the basic acts that regulate modernization of the migration sphere in the Russian Federation are not the strategic planning documents.
Reinventing Licentiousness
Authors: Wang Y. Yvon
Published: September 2021

This book navigates an overlooked history of representation during the transition from the Qing Empire to the Chinese Republic — a time when older, hierarchical notions of licentiousness were overlaid by a new, pornographic regime. The book draws on previously untapped archives to argue that pornography in China represents a unique configuration of power and desire that both reflects and shapes historical processes. On the one hand, since the late imperial period, pornography has democratized pleasure in China and opened up new possibilities of imagining desire. On the other, ongoing controversies over its definition and control show how the regulatory ideas of premodern cultural politics and the popular products of early modern cultural markets have contoured the globalized world. The book emphasizes the material factors, particularly at the grassroots level of consumption and trade, that governed “proper” sexual desire and led to ideological shifts around the definition of pornography. By linking the past to the present and beyond, the book's social and intellectual history showcases circulated pornographic material as a motor for cultural change. The result is an astonishing foray into what historicizing pornography can mean for our understandings of desire, legitimacy, capitalism, and culture.
Where Materiality Meets Subjectivity
Authors: Lake Robert W.
Published: September 2021

This chapter examines two interrelated practices integral to the construction of urban land as a fictitious commodity in the redevelopment of Camden, New Jersey. It begins with the process of rule making which establishes an institutional structure that makes Camden's land available for middle-class investment while displacing existing residents who are constructed as a deterrent to a resurgent land market. The chapter then reviews how the successful performance of the urban land market necessitated the alignment of actors' subjectivities such that they are willing and capable of performing the roles required for the redevelopment process to achieve its objectives. These interrelated practices locate the urban political in the highly contested domain in which the materiality of urban land meets urban subjectivity in the performance of the land market. Ultimately, the chapter traces the unfolding of the double movement through three interrelated moments of political contestation over its form and content: in the construction of land as an investable commodity; in the countermovement against displacement attendant on proposed redevelopment; and in constructing the subjects whose self-governance enacts the land market in Camden.
From Country to Nation
Authors: Fujiwara Gideon
Published: September 2021

This book tracks the emergence of the modern Japanese nation in the nineteenth century through the history of some of its local aspirants. It explores how kokugaku (Japan studies) scholars envisioned their place within Japan and the globe, while living in a castle town and domain far north of the political capital. The book follows the story of Hirao Rosen and fellow scholars in the northeastern domain of Tsugaru. On discovering a newly “opened” Japan facing the dominant Western powers and a defeated Qing China, Rosen and other Tsugaru intellectuals embraced kokugaku to secure a place for their local “country” within the broader nation and to reorient their native Tsugaru within the spiritual landscape of an Imperial Japan protected by the gods. Although Rosen and his fellows celebrated the rise of Imperial Japan, their resistance to the Western influence and modernity embraced by the Meiji state ultimately resulted in their own disorientation and estrangement. By analyzing their writings alongside their artwork, the book reveals how this socially diverse group of scholars experienced the Meiji Restoration from the peripheries. Using compelling firsthand accounts, the book tells the story of the rise of modern Japan, from the perspective of local intellectuals who envisioned their local “country” within a nation that emerged as an empire of the modern world.
Resisting Independence
Authors: Jones Brad A.
Published: September 2021

This book maps the loyal British Atlantic's reaction to the American Revolution. Through close study of four important British Atlantic port cities — New York City; Kingston, Jamaica; Halifax, Nova Scotia; and Glasgow, Scotland — the book argues that the revolution helped trigger a new understanding of loyalty to the Crown and empire. The book reimagines loyalism as a shared transatlantic ideology, no less committed to ideas of liberty and freedom than the American cause and not limited to the inhabitants of the thirteen American colonies. The book reminds readers that the American Revolution was as much a story of loyalty as it was of rebellion. Loyal Britons faced a daunting task — to refute an American Patriot cause that sought to dismantle their nation's claim to a free and prosperous Protestant empire. For the inhabitants of these four cities, rejecting American independence thus required a rethinking of the beliefs and ideals that framed their loyalty to the Crown and previously drew together Britain's vast Atlantic empire. The book describes the formation and spread of this new transatlantic ideology of loyalism. Loyal subjects in North America and across the Atlantic viewed the American Revolution as a dangerous and violent social rebellion and emerged from twenty years of conflict more devoted to a balanced, representative British monarchy and, crucially, more determined to defend their rights as British subjects. In the closing years of the eighteenth century, as their former countrymen struggled to build a new nation, these loyal Britons remained convinced of the strength and resilience of their nation and empire and their place within it.
Saving Stuyvesant Town
Authors: Garodnick Daniel R.
Published: September 2021

From city streets to City Hall and to Midtown corporate offices, this book is the incredible true story of how one middle-class community defeated the largest residential real-estate deal in American history. As a lifetime Stuy Town resident and former City Councilman, the author recounts how his neighbors stood up to mammoth real-estate interests and successfully fought to save their homes, delivering New York City's biggest-ever affordable-housing preservation win. In 2006, the author found himself engaged in an unexpected battle. Stuyvesant Town was built for World War II veterans by MetLife, in partnership with the City. Two generations removed, MetLife announced that it would sell Stuy Town to the highest bidder. The author and his neighbors sprang into action. Battle lines formed with real-estate titans like Tishman Speyer and BlackRock facing an organized coalition of residents, who made a competing bid to buy the property themselves. Tripped-up by an over-leveraged deal, the collapse of the American housing market, and a novel lawsuit brought by tenants, the real-estate interests collapsed, and the tenants stood ready to take charge and shape the future of their community. The result was a once-in-a-generation win for tenants and an extraordinary outcome for middle-class New Yorkers. The book shows how creative problem solving, determination, and brute-force politics can be marshalled for the public good. The nine-year struggle to save Stuyvesant Town by these residents is an inspiration to everyone who is committed to ensuring that New York remains a livable, affordable, and economically diverse city.