bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the experiences and challenges of motorcycle ambulance personnel in pre-hospital emergency healthcare services: A qualitative study
Authors: Yurt Esra , Gümüşsoy Süreyya
Published: September 2024

BACKROUND: Motorcycle ambulances are particularly useful in navigating narrow and congested areas during premium hours due to their ability to provide rapid access to patients in pre-hospital emergency healthcare services (PHEHS), possessing suitable and necessary advanced life support accessories, and their speed, flexibility, and ease of maneuverability. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the experiences and challenges encountered by motorcycle ambulance workers in PHEHS. METHODS: This study adopts a qualitative research methodology, specifically employing a phenomenological approach within the framework of a case study. The research sample consists of 19 paramedics and Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) working on motorcycle ambulances. Purposeful sampling method, specifically the snowball sampling technique, was employed in selecting the sample. Research data were collected through in-depth interviews conducted using a semi-structured interview form, from August 2022 to February 2023. The interviews were transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed using the MAXQDA program. RESULTS: Participants shared their experiences and the problems they encountered while performing their duties across four themes: purpose of motorcycle ambulances, most frequently assigned cases, challenges encountered, and the importance of teamwork. CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial to ensure personnel safety by forming the motorcycle ambulance team from selected individuals, subjecting the selected personnel to the same standard and comprehensive advanced driving and technical training, regulating working hours, increasing the number of personnel, and fostering teamwork. Further efforts are needed to improve the working conditions of motorcycle ambulance services.
Multiscale unsupervised network for deformable image registration
Authors: Wang Yun , Chang Wanru , Huang Chongfei , Kong Dexing
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: Deformable image registration (DIR) plays an important part in many clinical tasks, and deep learning has made significant progress in DIR over the past few years. OBJECTIVE: To propose a fast multiscale unsupervised deformable image registration (referred to as FMIRNet) method for monomodal image registration. METHODS: We designed a multiscale fusion module to estimate the large displacement field by combining and refining the deformation fields of three scales. The spatial attention mechanism was employed in our fusion module to weight the displacement field pixel by pixel. Except mean square error (MSE), we additionally added structural similarity (ssim) measure during the training phase to enhance the structural consistency between the deformed images and the fixed images. RESULTS: Our registration method was evaluated on EchoNet, CHAOS and SLIVER, and had indeed performance improvement in terms of SSIM, NCC and NMI scores. Furthermore, we integrated the FMIRNet into the segmentation network (FCN, UNet) to boost the segmentation task on a dataset with few manual annotations in our joint leaning frameworks. The experimental results indicated that the joint segmentation methods had performance improvement in terms of Dice, HD and ASSD scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our proposed FMIRNet is effective for large deformation estimation, and its registration capability is generalizable and robust in joint registration and segmentation frameworks to generate reliable labels for training segmentation tasks.
The Efficacy of Desmopressin and Imipramine in Retaining the Instilled Suspension in the Bladder
Authors: Bitaraf Masoud , Tanourlouee Saman Behboodi , Amini Erfan , Azimzadeh Ashkan , Muhammadnejad Samad , Mohammdi Sara , Majidi Zolbin Masoumeh , Kajbafzadeh Abdol-Mohammad
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of desmopressin and imipramine in reducing urination frequency, and retaining the instilled suspension in the bladder without maintaining the mouse under anesthesia.

METHOD: Twenty-four mice were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) four-hour water deprivation, (3) two µg/kg intraperitoneal desmopressin, and (4) two µg/kg intraperitoneal desmopressin plus 30 mg/kg imipramine gavage. Micturition frequency was recorded using voiding spot assay. Animals were catheterized and 50 µl of methylene blue was instilled into the bladder. The mice were then placed on a white paper to recover. Blue voiding was documented.

RESULTS: Urination frequency was significantly lower in the desmopressin group. The water-deprived and desmopressin/imipramine-combination groups did not differ significantly compared to control group. All animals voided methylene blue upon recovery.

CONCLUSION: Desmopressin notably reduced urination frequency. In contrast, water deprivation did not do so. Desmopressin and imipramine failed to cause suspension retention in awake mice.
Audit Quality and Financial Statement Manipulation: The Moderating Effect of Tone at the Top
Authors: Marais Alastair
Published: September 2024

South Africa has recently fallen victim to numerous major corporate frauds. This has called into question South Africa’s audit quality, as indicated by its loss of the number one place for auditing and reporting standard strength, according to the World Economic Forum. This study examined the moderating effect of tone at the top on the relationship between audit quality and financial statement manipulation. Using a South African sample of 829 firm-year observations from 2011 until 2018, principal component analysis was used to construct two audit quality variables (competence and independence) and two tone at the top variables (autocratic and pragmatic). Financial statement manipulation was measured using fraud and discretionary accruals. The findings revealed that while an autocratic tone strengthened the negative relationship between audit quality and fraud, it also resulted in higher income-increasing discretionary accruals. This study contributes to the audit quality literature in South Africa by revealing how the tone at the top can affect the auditor’s ability to conduct a quality audit. The results will interest auditors and shareholders seeking to reduce fraud and earnings management.
Measurement of Factors That Can Improve the Implementation of Accrual-Based Accounting in Regional Government Agencies
Authors: Kewo Cecilia Lelly , Kewo Stella Theodora
Published: September 2024

Accruals provide financial information that is more relevant and reliable in financial reporting and decision-making. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the factors that influence the implementation of accrual accounting in government, namely financial regulatory factors, employee competence, and commitment to the organization. The primary data used was taken from 173 government agencies in Indonesia using random sampling, then the collected data was analyzed using structural equation modeling with a partial least squares approach with an alpha of 5%. The results show that financial regulations, employee competence, and commitment to the organization have a positive impact on the implementation of accrual accounting in government. This has significant implications for the government to increase the implementation of government accounting standards, increase employee competency through training and development related to accounting practices and knowledge, and increase commitment to the organization through developing an organizational culture that supports the implementation of accrual accounting in government.
Role of Export, Import and Gross Capital Formation in Iraq: A Granger Causality Approach
Authors: Abdulsahib Ahmed Saddam
Published: September 2024

This study aims to investigate the link amongst cointegrated observations of export, import and gross capital formation (GCF) in Iraq over the period 2004-2021. This study assumes that the high reliance on the crude oil revenues cannot lead to enhance level of economic diversification and stability. However, the main objective of this paper is to empirically analyse the relationship between export, import and gross capital formation. For this purpose, the study employs a granger causality test. It revealed a considerable linkage between the variables examined, in which a long-run unidirectional causal relationship is existed from GCF to export and import, and also from export to import. Whereas the causal link from export and import to GCF is absent. This implies that the sound economic policy in Iraq is not engaged efficiently due to the modest level of GCF impact, in which there is a parallel relationship between export and import in general, where the major export revenues devoted for meeting the consuming needs over the period studied. The study recommended gross capital formation in Iraq ought to be increased and utilized in efficient way that lead to raise level of value added, where this could be achieved via enhancing level of export, particularly non-oil export. Accordingly, it also recommended to attracting domestic and foreign investors.
Challenges and Opportunities for Digital Transformation in Philippine Microfinance Institutions
Authors: Binaluyo Jonathan P. , Santos Angelo R. , Agustin Noel B.
Published: September 2024

The research focuses on the factors that affect the digital transformation of Microfinance Institutions in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The research objective is to evaluate the performance and digital progress made by the MFIs currently to measure the effectiveness of the guidelines and to identify recommendations for further improvement. In this study, descriptive research design was employed, and data were generated from 205 MFI Clients and owners by administering questionnaires and interviews. The research shows that its use in business leads to increased operational efficiency, quality delivery, and positive client experience. However, there are issues that need to be faced, including issues like data security or the high costs of the necessary infrastructure and lack of adequate infrastructure in certain regions. Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations can be made: The establishment of powerful financial literacy programs that banks can support and facilitate, modification of the current credit bureau functionalities, more comprehensible and easier to use digital platforms that consumers can use in their interaction with the banks, and better cybersecurity. Further, the state should support such policies and regulation to help the countries in embarking on digital transformation. The study proves the need to carry out further studies on the development of digital financial services to enhance financial inclusion and socio-economic growth. Its suggested that, by adopting these measures, MFIs will be in a position to help their clients achieve the desired economic outcomes, especially in the rural settings.
Enhancing Fraud Detection in Banking using Advanced Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Detthamrong Umawadee , Chansanam Wirapong , Boongoen Tossapon , Iam-On Natthakan
Published: September 2024

This study demonstrates the effectiveness of advanced machine learning techniques in detecting fraudulent activities within the banking industry. We evaluated the performance of various models, including LightGBM, XGBoost, CatBoost, vote classifiers, and neural networks, on a comprehensive dataset of banking transactions. The CatBoost model exhibited the highest accuracy in identifying fraudulent instances, showcasing its superior performance. The application of diverse sampling and scaling techniques significantly improved fraud detection accuracy, emphasizing their crucial role in the process. Furthermore, the incorporation of the CatBoost ensemble method substantially enhanced the efficiency of fraud identification. Our findings underscore the potential of these advanced machine-learning approaches in mitigating financial losses and ensuring secure transactions, ultimately bolstering trust and security in the banking sector. Future research directions include refining the CatBoost model’s hyper parameters, adapting to evolving fraud patterns, and integrating real-time data for enhanced responsiveness. Additionally, efforts will be made to improve the interpretability of the model’s decision-making process, providing valuable insights into its trust-building capabilities and enhancing the transparency of fraud detection methodologies.
Financial Behavior, Overconfidence, Risk Perception and Investment Decisions: The Mediating Role of Financial Literacy
Authors: Yanti Feby , Endri Endri
Published: September 2024

This study aims to test and analyze the influence of financial behavior, overconfidence, and risk perception on financial literacy and investment decisions in the millennial generation in Jakarta. This study was conducted using quantitative methods, structural equation modeling (SEM), and assisted by the Smart PLS 4.0 program with a total of 100 respondents with an average age of 25-35 years. The structural model was evaluated using R-square for dependent constructs, Stone-Geisser Q-square test for Q2 predictive relevance, and significance test of structural path parameter coefficients. The results of this study can be an input in the development of investment behavior theory, especially investment decision-making, as well as the mediation role of financial literacy in these relationships on individual millennial investors in the Jakarta area. The study found that financial behavior and overconfidence significantly impact the financial literacy of the Millennial Generation in Jakarta, while overconfidence did not. It is recommended that Millennial investors focus on improving their financial literacy, risk perception, and financial behavior to influence investment decisions, while avoiding overconfidence.
Pengaturan Hukum Biota Laut Dalam Kawasan Ombo Laut Dalam Perspektif Pluralisme Hukum di Desa Wabula
Authors: Failu Ismail , Salam Safrin
Published: September 2024

Ombo Laut yang dimiliki oleh Masyarakat Hukum Adat Wabula telah mendapatkan pengakuan dan perlindungan hukum. Penelitian hukum ini menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum socio-legal. Lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Wabula, Kecamatan Wabula, Kabupatan Buton. Adapun waktu penelitian adalah tahun 2023. Hasil analisis data akan diolah melalui aplikasi JASP dan hasilnya dihubungkan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan melalui metode penafsiran hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pengaturan hukum biota laut dalam kawasan Ombo Laut dalam perspektif pluralisme hukum telah terakomodir di dalam Peraturan Bupati Buton Nomor 13 Tahun 2018  dan Peraturan Desa No. 3 Tahun 2006 tentang Aturan Pelaksanaan Pengelolaan Terumbu Karang Terpadu Desa Wabula Kecamatan Wabula Kabupaten Buton sedangkan sanksi hukum atas pelanggaran pengelolaan biota laut dalam kawasan ombo diatur beberapa ketentuan hukum yakni a) Subjek pelanggar ; b) Penggunaan alat mancing diatur; c) Terdapat variasi penggunaan sanksi mulai dari sanksi perdata berupa denda dan juga sanksi pidana berupa pidana penjara dan yang terakhir adalah sanksi berupa sanksi adat.
Keabsahan Penyidikan Atas Putusan Praperadilan
Authors: Riyanto Arif , Yanuar Chandra Tofik , Basuki
Published: September 2024

Penegakan hukum merupakan suatu sistem yang menyangkut penyerasian antara nilai dengan kaidah serta perilaku nyata manusia. Praperadilan merupakan bagian dari pengadilan negeri yang melakukan fungsi pengawasan terutama dalam hal upaya paksa terhadap tersangka oleh penyidik atau penuntut umum. Pengawasan yang dimaksud adalah pengawasan bagaimana seorang aparat penegak hukum melaksanakan wewenang yang ada padanya sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada, sehingga aparat penegak hukum tidak sewenang-wenang dalam melaksanakan tugasnya. Upaya hukum dalam proses peradilan pidana, dapat dikatakan bagian dari proses penegakan hukum. Hal tersebut dapat dipahami karena hakikatnya upaya hukum juga merupakan usaha mewujudkan ide mencapai keadilan ataupun kepastian hukum.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pejabat Notaris Yang Membuat Perjanjian Perkawinan Selama Perkawinan Berlangsung
Authors: Muhtar Achmad , Rato Dominikus , Dwi Anggono Bayu
Published: September 2024

Pada mulanya proses perkawinan dimulai dari adanya perjanjian perkawinan atau disebut dengan pranikah.  terdapat kegelisahan akademis yang mana dapat diinventarisir terkait dengan permasalahan perjanjian perkawinan yakni terdapat konflik norma hal tersebut ditandai dengan adanya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi pada amar putusannya menegaskan  bahwa Pejabat notaris diberi kewenangan untuk mengesahkan perjanjian  perkawinan. Sedangkan  di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas UU No. 30   Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris yang mana pada undang-undang tersebut  tidak ada ketentuan yang mengatur tentang kewenangan notaris untuk mengesahkan perjanjian   Kawin yang dibuat oleh para Pihak selama masa perkawinan, sehingga Pejabat notaris tidak ada alasan hukum yang kuat sebagai landasan Pembuatan Perjanjian Kawin. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini ialah Pertama, Apa Hakekat Perjanjian Perkawinan menurut Hukum Positif di Indonesia? Kedua, Bagaimana bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pejabat notaris dalam Perjanjian Perkawinan yang dibuat setelah perkawinan? Ketiga, Bagaimana Perumusan Perjanjian Perkawinan yang dibuat selama masa Perkawinan (postnuptial agreement) dapat memberikan kepastian Hukum? Adapun metode yang digunakan ialah metode yuridis normatif. Adapun hasil dalam penelitian ini ialah perjanjian perkawinan dibuat sebelum dan pada saat perkawinan berlangsung. Selain itu apabila tidak ada perkawinan perjanjian yang dilakukan sebelumnya maka harta asal atau harta yang diperoleh selama perkawinan tidak adanya pemisahan terhadap harta tersebut (harta bersama). Selain itu notaris yang diberikan wewenang apabila dalam membuat perjanjian harus sesuai dengan syarat sahnya perjanjian dan apabila tidak sesuai dengan syarat sahnya perjanjian maka akan dibatalkan oleh hakim. Adanya hal tersebut tentunya dapat memberikan kepastian hukum bagi notaris.
Sistem Proporsionalitas Terbuka sebagai Identitas Demokrasi Indonesia: Eksistensi dan Implikasi
Authors: Razak Askari
Published: September 2024

Pemilihan umum adalah bentuk perwujudan sistem ketatanegaraan yang demokratis berdasarkan prinsip kedaulatan rakyat dengan tujuan menghasilkan wakil rakyat dan pemerintahan negara yang demokratis berdasarkan pada Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia. Dalam setiap pemilihan umum terdapat dua sistem pemilihan umum yaitu sistem proporsional terbuka dan sistem proporsional tertutup. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan non hukum, dengan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Indonesia telah menggunakan sistem proporsional terbuka dan tertutup sejak pelaksanaan pemilihan umum pertama pada tahun 1955 sampai pemilihan umum tahun 2019. Sistem proporsional terbuka adalah sistem pemilihan umum yang mendekati dengan konsep demokrasi. Dimana pemilih dapat menentukan wakil-wakilnya yang akan duduk di parlemen secara langsung.
Analisis Kesiapan Masyarakat Dalam Pelaksanaan Program Sertifikasi Tanah Secara Elektronik: Suatu Tinjauan Sosiologi Hukum
Authors: Japar Muhammad , Riyanto Slamet , Fahruddin Muhammad , Hermanto
Published: September 2024

Kemajuan teknologi di Era 4.0 telah mendorong Pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengimplementasikan pelayanan publik berbasis teknologi, termasuk dalam bidang pertanahan dengan diberlakukannya Peraturan Menteri ATR/BPN Nomor 1 Tahun 2021 tentang Sertifikat Elektronik. Sertifikat tanah yang sebelumnya berbentuk fisik kini diubah menjadi dokumen digital untuk meningkatkan efisiensi, mengurangi sengketa tanah, dan meningkatkan kepastian hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis partisipasi dan persepsi masyarakat terhadap sertifikat elektronik serta hambatan yang dihadapi dalam implementasinya. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan analisis konsep hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan serta wawancara mendalam dengan 10 informan dari berbagai latar belakang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian masyarakat sudah mulai menggunakan sertifikat elektronik, namun masih ada yang ragu karena khawatir akan keamanan data digital dan kurang terampil dalam pemanfaatan teknologi. Beberapa informan mengakui manfaat sertifikat elektronik dalam memudahkan proses kepemilikan tanah, namun menekankan pentingnya perlindungan data yang lebih baik. Hambatan utama dalam implementasi sertifikat elektronik adalah infrastruktur dan jaringan internet yang belum merata, serta kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang teknologi. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam memahami aspek legalitas dan kesiapan masyarakat dalam menghadapi digitalisasi sertifikat tanah di Indonesia.
Hukum di Era Globalisasi dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pembangunan Ekonomi dan Fungsi Konservasi Lingkungan
Authors: Fitria Wilandari Devi
Published: September 2024

Globalisasi ekonomi menimbulkan dampak yang sangat besar terhadap sistem hukum suatu negara, karena globalisasi perekonomian menyebabkan terjadinya globalisasi hukum. Globalisasi hukum tidak hanya didasarkan pada kesepakatan internasional antar bangsa, namun juga pemahaman tradisi dan budaya hukum antara barat dan timur. Namun peran hukum dalam pembangunan ekonomi dan pengelolaan sumber daya alam (SDA) di era globalisasi dan modernisasi masih menjadi perdebatan. Kajian dalam tulisan ini menguraikan: dampak globalisasi terhadap pembangunan ekonomi dan dampaknya terhadap lingkungan hidup di Indonesia, upaya yang dapat dilakukan dalam rangka mengembangkan sistem hukum Indonesia untuk menghadapi perekonomian global yang cenderung merugikan posisi Indonesia serta upaya menjaga kelestarian sumber daya alam dan fungsi lingkungan hidup, konsep pengembangan sistem hukum berdasarkan nilai-nilai substansial Pancasila dan UUD 1945, sebagai solusi Indonesia dalam menghadapi sistem perekonomian global serta melestarikan sumber daya alam dan fungsi lingkungan hidup. : pertama, dampak globalisasi menyebabkan kedaulatan negara menjadi terabaikan, melemahnya kekuasaan negara seiring dengan tertunduknya negara pada institusi internasional seperti WTO dengan agenda pasar bebasnya sehingga memaksa negara tidak melindungi hak-hak dasar rakyat. warga negara terhadap sumber daya alam dan lingkungan hidup; kedua, Upaya yang dapat dilakukan dalam rangka pengembangan sistem hukum nasional yaitu pengaturan hukum perekonomian harus mempertimbangkan kepentingan hukum berbagai sektor terkait secara seimbang; ketiga, konsep sistem hukum Indonesia yang harus dikembangkan sekarang adalah konsep pembangunan hukum yang berlandaskan pada nilai-nilai substansial Pancasila dan UUD 1945, yaitu sistem hukum yang mengedepankan asas kebangsaan atau kekerabatan, yang lebih menekankan pada supremasi hukum. moralitas supremasi hukum
Forming Psychological Competence of Interpreter (Based on Example of Japanese Language)
Authors: Naumova Y. , Komisarov K.
Published: September 2024

Introduction.The introduction of a competency-based approach to translator training is supported by the Ukrainian academic community, as this model provides ample opportunities for developing the practical skills and abilities necessary for successful professional translation. The analysis of translationcompetence structure has shown that the lion’s share of it consists of linguistic and paralinguistic knowledge and skills, while the psychological component is hardly distinguished separately. At the same time, the author emphasises the prevalence of high levels of stress and emotional burnout among interpreters. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the role of psychological competence in interpreter training and to determine methodological models and forms of training prospective interpreters (using Japanese as an example). Methods. This article includes a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys to measure levels of emotional burnout and qualitative interviews to explore the specific psychological challenges and training needs of interpreters. Results. The study revealed a rather high level of emotional burnout among current Ukrainian interpreters, especially those with short experience in the profession (for Japanese interpreters). They also acknowledge the lack of such professional skills as stress resistance, emotional self-regulation, constructive behaviour in conflict, the ability to endure uncomfortable conditions, and mastery of business and national Japanese etiquette. Conclusion. The development of psychological competence in future interpreters should be undertaken by higher education institutions. The theory of experiential learning for adults is a promising methodological model for the formation of these components of an interpreter’s psychological competence. As a promising direction in this topic, the question of forming supervision as a model for providing novice interpreters with professional assistance in improving their skills, preventing stress and emotional burnout is raised.
Immunomodulatory effect of melatonin on the offspring of rats exposed to alcohol during gestation and lactation
Authors: Santos Yasmim Barbosa dos , Silva Maria Vanessa da , Nascimento Bruno José do , Santos Anthony Marcos Gomes dos , França Marcelle Mariana Sales de , Medina Vanessa Bischoff , Soares Anísio Francisco , Teixeira Álvaro Aguiar Coelho , Teixeira Valeria Wanderley
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the immunomodulatory effect of melatonin on the thymus and spleen of offspring from dams exposed to alcohol consumption during pregnancy and lactation. Alcohol (3 g/kg) and melatonin (0.8 mg/kg) were administered from pregnancy confirmation until the end of lactation. For the experiment, three groups of Wistar rats were formed: Control – Offspring not subjected to alcohol; Alcohol – Offspring exposed to alcohol; Alcohol + Melatonin – Offspring exposed to both alcohol and melatonin. Histological and morphometric analyzes showed that the spleen of the alcohol group showed an increase in the number of hematopoietic cells and a significant reduction in the white pulp, as well as the thymus of this group revealed a reduction in the thymic area, these changes were not observed in the alcohol+mel groups and control. The organosomatic index of these organs also revealed a significant reduction only in the alcohol group. In immunohistochemistry, the alcohol+mel and control groups exhibited weak IL-1β staining and a low apoptotic index in the thymus and spleen when compared to the alcohol group. Thus, we conclude that the administration of melatonin simultaneously with alcohol consumption during pregnancy and lactation can protect the thymus and spleen of the offspring of alcoholic mothers from damage caused by increased oxidative stress.
Profil clinique et épidémiologique des patients atteints de tuberculose pulmonaire traités dans un centre de référence en Amazonie brésilienne
Authors: Moraes Bruna dos Santos Martins , Cavalcante Ricardo de Sousa , Silva Rogério Umbelino da , Silva Paulo Danilo da Silva e , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos , Dendasck Carla Viana , Araújo Maria Helena Mendonça de , Fecury Amanda Alves
Published: September 2024

La tuberculose (TB), causée par le complexe Mycobacterium tuberculosis ou bacille de Koch, se transmet principalement par voie inhalatoire lorsque l’individu infecté éternue, tousse ou parle, libérant des gouttelettes dans l’air. Elle se présente sous deux formes : localisée uniquement dans le parenchyme pulmonaire (TB pulmonaire), sous ses formes primaire, secondaire et miliaire, ainsi que la forme qui s’exprime en dehors du parenchyme pulmonaire (TB extrapulmonaire). L’objectif de ce travail était de décrire le profil clinique et épidémiologique des patients atteints de tuberculose pulmonaire pris en charge au service de pneumologie du Centre de Référence des Maladies Tropicales (CRDT) dans l’État de l’Amapá, région Nord du Brésil, au cours des années 2021 et 2022. Pour ce faire, une étude transversale rétrospective, descriptive et quantitative a été réalisée, avec des données obtenues auprès du service de pneumologie du CRDT dans la ville de Macapá, dans l’État d’Amapá, appartenant à l’Amazonie brésilienne. Au total, 141 patients ont été analysés, dont 48,9 % ont été diagnostiqués en 2021 et 51,1 % en 2022. Les résultats du travail suscitent des initiatives telles que des recherches et des études pour renforcer les stratégies de contrôle et de prévention de la tuberculose dans les unités de santé de l’État d’Amapá et dans les communautés de tout le Brésil, afin d’améliorer la gestion de cette maladie encore très répandue dans notre milieu. On remarque également la nécessité d’une reconnaissance précoce des patients présentant des symptômes respiratoires, afin de poser un diagnostic et un traitement opportuns pour réduire leur morbidité et mortalité.
Expression of Yap Signaling Hippo Pathway in Cervical Pre-cancerous Lesions and Cervical Cancer
Authors: Rizal M Masrur , Arifa Mustika  , Wita Saraswati
Published: September 2024

Abstract Objective: To determine the expression of YAP in cervical pre-cancerous and cervical cancer lesions.Methods: Researchers systematically searched five databases using the checklist for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).. Inclusion criteria were the original study of YAP expression in cervical pre-cancerous lesions and cervical cancer, observational and experimental study, and using immunohistochemical techniques. The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database of systematic review (IDCRD42023407469). Results: The data search in this study followed the PRISMA Guideline, which includes phases of identification, screening, and inclusion of studies. Initially, 245 articles were identified across five databases: Pubmed (105), ScienceDirect (8), Scopus (29), Web of Science (26), and ProQuest (77). After removing duplicates, 157 studies remained. During the initial screening, 142 studies were excluded, leaving 15 studies for further evaluation. These were assessed based on the use of immunohistochemistry staining for YAP expression and staining result. Subsequently, ten studies were excluded for either not using immunohistochsmistry or lacking staining result, resulting in five studdies selected for qualitative analysis. These five studies were evaluated using the New Ottawa Scale, as detailed in Table 1, and their YAP Expression characteristics are summarized in Table 2. Conclusion: This systematic review showed that YAP expression at all levels ranging from normal tissue, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma had increased expression in the cytoplasm or cell nucleus following the development of cervical cancer and tumorigenesis influenced by intra-tumor heterogeneity for YAP expression. YAP is expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus, with different functions. YAP expression in these two sites Excessive YAP expression will trigger epithelial changes into mesenchyme which also plays a role in cancer development. This YAP expression also correlates with HPV, in which YAP levels will be maintained and increased.Keywords: cervical cancer, cervical pre-cancerous lesions, YAP expression.
Polymorphism specific Allele Frequencies on Cervical Cancer
Authors: Salih Saihood Anwar , Jabbar Hussein Khawlah , Sharif Yasamin Hamza
Published: September 2024

Objective: To evaluate the correlation of allele frequencies of IL-6 polymorphisms between healthy women and cervical cancer patients.Methods: The study involved gynecologists diagnosing abnormal cervical tissue in 100 women aged 17-60. Each woman provided two tissue samples: one for pap smear analysis and one for genetic research, along with a blood sample for IL-6 polymorphism analysis. Traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for genetic analysis to confirm diagnoses. Allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) was utilized to identify allelic polymorphisms. Pap smears identified cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II and III, characterized by dysplastic cells and mitotic figures.Results: The diagnostic PCR data demonstrated that 36% of participants were HPV-infected, with the greatest infection rates (50%). The AS-PCR reported that the IL-6 (rs1800795) gene detected at 174 G/C position was presented with GG, GC, and CC genotypes. Conclusion: The result showed a significant alteration in the IL-6 (rs1800795) gene, strongly correlating with cervical cancer based on human papillomavirus infection.Keywords: cervix cancer, human papillomavirus, interleukin-6 polymorphism, genetic analysis.
The impact of Gestational Weight Gain on Preeclampsia During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Anugra Lalu Rifal Hadi , Danianto Ario , Irawati Deasy
Published: September 2024

Objective : To determine the Effect of Gestational Weight Gain on Preeclampsia During COVID-19 Pandemic in Public Health Centers of The West Lombok Regency
Methods : This study is an observational analytic study that uses a case control study design (case control) starting by identifying patients with effects (preeclampsia and/or eclampsia) and groups without effects (no preeclampsia and/or eclampsia) and then retrospectively tracing their risk factors at 3 public health centers, which are located in West Lombok Regency, NTB Province, Indonesia namely Narmada, Kediri and Gunung Sari Health Centers. The analysis was carried out using the SPSS application.
Results: Total of 120 samples were obtained, with 60 case samples and 60 control samples. During the COVID-19 pandemic with a time span of 2020-2021, subjects with weight gain that did not meet the recommendations had more preeclampsia, namely 56 people (93.3%) than subjects who did not had preeclampsia, which was 32 people (53.3 %). The value of Odds Ratio (OR) is 12,25 (95% Confidence Interval, 3.941-38.078).
Conclusion : Based on this study, there was a significant relationship between the increase in BMI and the incidence of preeclampsia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in BMI that is not in accordance with the recommendations is a risk factor for the occurrence of preeclampsia in pregnant women. The majority of preeclampsia occurs in 3rd trimester pregnant women. In addition, the Odds Ratio value obtained in this study increased by 6 times compared to similar studies conducted in non-pandemic conditions.
Keywords : Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Gestational Weight Gain, COVID-19
PHẪU THUẬT NỘI SOI HÀN KHỚP CỔ CHÂN TIẾP CẬN QUA LỐI TRƯỚC TRONG ĐIỀU TRỊ THOÁI HÓA KHỚP CỔ CHÂN
Authors: Lý Tuyết Nhi , Vũ Hải Nam , Nguyễn Tâm Từ , Trương Nhật Tôn , Nguyễn Thành Tấn
Published: September 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Tình trạng thoái hóa khớp cổ chân ở những giai đoạn cuối sẽ khiến người bệnh chịu nhiều đau đớn và ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng đến sinh hoạt hằng ngày cũng như trong công việc. Với sự phát triển mạnh mẽ của nội soi khớp trong hơn hai thập kỷ qua, nội soi khớp cổ chân cũng đã và đang được triển khai tại Việt Nam

nói chung và Cần Thơ nói riêng, tuy nhiên chưa có nhiều nghiên cứu cho thấy kết quả của phương pháp nội soi hàn khớp chày sên tiếp cận qua lối trước.

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá các đặc điểm chung, đặc điểm chu phẫu, kết quả sau mổ và các biến chứng trên 20 bệnh nhân được phẫu thuật nội soi hàn khớp cổ chân (khớp chày sên) tiếp cận qua lối trước.

Đối tượng - Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu 20 bệnh nhân được phẫu thuật nội soi hàn khớp cổ chân (khớp chày sên) tiếp cận qua lối trước tại Trung tâm Chấn thương chỉnh hình bệnh viện Đa khoa Trung ương Cần Thơ và Khoa Ngoại Chấn thương chỉnh hình – Thần kinh bệnh viện trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ năm 2019 – 2022.

Kết quả: Nghiên cứu 20 bệnh nhân được phẫu thuật nội soi hàn khớp chày sên qua lối trước bằng vít xốp với tỉ lệ nam/nữ bằng nhau, có độ tuổi tập trung từ 60 – 70 tuổi với nguyên nhân gây thoái hóa khớp cổ chân chủ yếu sau chấn thương vùng cổ chân. Thời gian theo dõi trung bình 12 tháng. Thời gian phẫu thuật trung bình 115,50 ± 19,66 phút, thời gian nằm viện trung bình là 3,95 ± 1,28 ngày. Mức độ đau theo thang điểm VAS từ 6,5 ± 0,83 điểm trước mổ giảm xuống còn 1,25 ± 0,87 điểm tại thời điểm sau mổ 12 tháng. Kết quả chức năng theo thang điểm AOFAS tăng từ 60,15 ± 10,34 điểm thời điểm trước mổ lên 83,95 ± 6,76 điểm tại thời điểm sau mổ 12 tháng. Tỉ lệ liền xương sau 6 tháng đạt 100%, tuy nhiên có 3 trường hợp biến chứng sau mổ (15%) với các biến chứng nhiễm trùng nông vết mổ, lỏng vít.

Kết luận: Với thời gian theo dõi trung bình 12 tháng cho thấy nội soi hàn khớp cổ chân là phẫu thuật ít xâm lấn với thời gian nằm viện, thời gian phẫu thuật được rút ngắn, ít biến chứng. Kết quả ở tất cả bệnh nhân đều giảm đau đáng kể và có sự cải thiện rõ rệt về chức năng cổ bàn chân, hầu hết bệnh nhân đều hài lòng sau khi phẫu thuật, tỉ lệ liền xương cao.

Từ khóa: thoái hóa khớp cổ chân, phẫu thuật hàn khớp cổ chân, khớp cổ chân, nội soi hàn khớp cổ chân, tiếp cận qua lối trước vào khớp cổ chân
A Comparison of Detection Systems for an Enzyme-Linked Oligonucleotide Assay and the Chemical Biotinylation of Nucleic Acid Complexes
Authors: Nguyen Janet
Published: September 2024

The detection and quantification of nucleic acids over a range of concentrations presents an analytical challenge. Thus, there is an urgency to develop more sensitive technologies that can quantify specific nucleic acid sequences with lower detection and quantification limits than traditional methods. Amplification methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are often non-linear and frequently make a transition from undetectable to a saturated reaction over a narrow concentration range. Biotinylation of deoxynucleic acid (DNA) is a precondition for detection with the universal alkaline phosphatase-streptavidin (AP-SA) enzyme detection conjugate. Conditions for biotinylating DNA in in vitro were explored with the observation that pre-heating or detergent had little effect on the access of biotinylation reagents to any reactive amines as assayed by colorimetric detection on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. Biotin on a polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer arm with the amine reactive Nhydroxysuccinimide (NHS) was a cost-effective and rapid method to chemically biotinylate oligonucleotides as a cost-effective, rapid, method of biotinylation for the purpose of direct serological detection of plasmid. Biotinylated DNA in buffer versus fetal bovine serum (FBS) were compared on PVDF and polystyrene solid support surfaces using colorimetric UV-Vis or enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL). At present, colorimetric or enhanced chemiluminescent detection systems may lack sensitivity with high occurrences of false positive and negative results. The focus of this thesis is to compare the quantification of DNA using a novel and robust enzyme-linked oligonucleotide hybridization assay using colorimetric, ECL and mass spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS) detection systems will be compared.
Climate change amplifies extinction risk of a subshrub in anthropogenic landscapes
Authors: Conquet Eva , Ozgul Arpat , Gómez-González Susana , Ojeda Fernando , Paniw Maria
Published: September 2024

In most ecosystems, the increasingly strong effects of climate change on biodiversity co-occur with other anthropogenic pressures, most importantly land-use change. However, many long-term studies of population dynamics focus on populations monitored in protected areas, and our understanding of how climate change will affect population persistence under anthropogenic land use is still limited. To fill this knowledge gap, we assessed the consequences of co-occurring land-use and climate change on population dynamics of a fire-adapted Mediterranean carnivorous subshrub, the dewy pine (Drosophyllum lusitanicum). We used seven years of individual data on 4,753 plants monitored in three natural heathland sites that experience primarily fire as a main disturbance, and five anthropogenic sites, where fires have been replaced by persistent disturbances from browsing or mechanical vegetation removal as a consequence of land-use change. All sites are projected to experience increasingly hotter summers and drier falls and winters. We used generalised additive models to model non-linear responses of survival, growth, and reproduction to rainfall, temperature, size, density, and time since fire in anthropogenic and natural dewy-pine populations. We then projected population dynamics under climate-change scenarios using an individual-based model. Our findings reveal that vital rates respond differently to climate change in anthropogenic compared to natural habitats. While extinction risks do not change under climate change in natural habitats, future higher summer temperatures decrease survival and lead to population declines and higher extinction probabilities in anthropogenic habitats. Our results highlight the possible dramatic effects of climate change on populations largely confined to chronically disturbed, anthropogenic habitats and provide a foundation for devising relevant management strategies aiming towards the protection of species in human-disturbed habitats of the Mediterranean habitat. Overall, our findings emphasise the need for more long-term studies in managed landscapes.
Kars Mutfağında Kırmızı Et Tüketiminin Gastronomi Turizmi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Turan Barış , Arslan Tugay
Published: September 2024

Kars ilinde kaz eti gastronomik bir unsur olarak daha fazla ilgi görse de tarım ve hayvancılığın yapıldığı şehirde kırmızı et tüketimi yöresel mutfakta oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu nedenle kaz etinin yanı sıra kırmızı et ile yapılan yöresel yemeklerin de çeşitlilik açısından gastronomiye kazandırılması önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Kars mutfağında kırmızı et tüketimi ve kültürünün değerlendirilmesi ve Kars mutfağında kaz etinin ön plana çıkma nedeninin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yönteminin tercih edildiği araştırmada verilerin toplanması için doküman taraması ve görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Kars mutfağına ilişkin literatür taraması yapılmış ve Kars ilinde ikamet eden, Kars mutfak kültürü hakkında bilgi sahibi 12 kişi ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre kırmızı et, Kars mutfağının vazgeçilmez bir ürünü olduğu; Kavurma, haşlama, piti, cağ kebabı, hokkiri, keledoş gibi yemeklerde sıklıkla kullanıldığı; Bölgede en çok dana, koyun ve kaz eti tercih edildiği; Kaz etinin üretim, kültür, iklim ve lezzet gibi faktörler nedeniyle öne çıktığı belirlenmiştir.
MANAGEMENT DECISION-MAKING ON THE EMPLOYMENT OF A PERSON WITH A DISABILITY, CONSIDERING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY ISSUES
Authors: Danova K. , Malysheva V. , Popovych N. , Sobolieva H.
Published: September 2024

The total number of people with disabilities in the world tends to grow, so the problem of ensuring the employment of this category of workers is relevant for any country in the world. In Ukraine, before the war, the number of people with disabilities was more than 2.7 million. Since the beginning of the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the number of people with disabilities has been increasing every day, which leads to complications in the socio-economic situation in the country and requires the implementation of urgent measures aimed at raising the effectiveness of social, in particular, labour integration of this population category. Despite the advantages for the development of the company, the employment of persons with disabilities in real-life workplaces involves difficulties caused by the need to take into account individual needs and implement measures for reasonable adaptation in the workplace. Considering this, an employer has to understand how employing persons with disabilities will affect the company. When making this decision, the issue of ensuring the safety of work for this category of employees is also essential. The article examines the approach to creating an information base for forming an employer’s management decision regarding the employment of a person with a disability using the desirability function of E. Harrington. Technical, economic, legal, and other factors can be decision-making criteria. The article proposes to use such criteria as the necessary volume of adaptation measures regarding the workplace of an employee with a disability, the level of performance of production tasks, and the level of safety of work performance. As a result, the equation of the desirability functions of the individual criteria under consideration was obtained, according to which it is possible to derive a generalised desirability function, enabling the employer to make reasonable decisions regarding the possibility of providing a workplace for a person with a disability. The study’s results will help improve the efficiency of employment of people with disabilities.
Keywords: disability, workplace, labour process, decision, safety.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO ENSURING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Trus O. , Berezovskyi A. , Prokopenko E.
Published: September 2024

Today, developing and implementing an efficient occupational health and safety system is an essential component of the management paradigm that ensures the preservation of personnel life, health, and working capacity in performing their work duties. Innovative activities in this area synergise modern information solutions to improve personnel training methods and introduce analytical control, technological monitoring systems, and a range of the latest digitalised personal protective equipment. The article analyses innovative approaches and technologies in occupational health and safety. It establishes that the occupational health and safety management system cannot be static. It must constantly adapt to changes in the production environment and the legislative field, which requires prompt response to new challenges and forecasting possible scenarios of variability in working conditions. The study examines the current capabilities of innovative approaches to occupational safety and the potential of the latest technological solutions to improve the occupational health and safety system. The study identifies related challenges and issues and ways to mitigate them. It proves that modern innovative technologies and tools of the occupational safety system rely on attracting new approaches to analysing informative data on the risks of accidents and injuries at work, with the further development of preventive measures to minimise production hazards. Innovative solutions for the occupational health and safety concept include a management paradigm aimed at improving the employee training system using training and computer technologies, implementing systems for effective analytical control over technological processes, and providing personnel with tracking devices and the latest digitalised personal protective equipment. The authors have identified priority preventive measures, among which are promising technologies for teaching safe labour practices and improving safety culture in general. The practical significance of the research results is in the possibility of their application in modern production conditions to strengthen existing safety approaches.
Keywords: technological solutions, simulators, trainings, occupational health and safety, industrial hazards.
Ittanyn bitikliari da jomachłary = Listy i opowieści dziadka
Authors: Juchniewicz Szymon
Published: September 2024

Oto kilka z licznych listów, które w trosce o zachowanie językowej tożsamości Szymon Juchniewicz pisywał po karaimsku przede wszystkim do ukochanych wnuków, ale też do całej społeczności. Tłumaczył je samodzielnie na polski i na rosyjski. Zachowujemyoryginalną leksykę, składnię, gramatykę i pisownię autora w językach polskim i karaimskim – jednych z wielu, jakimi się posługiwał.