bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobility Improvement of Sol–Gel Method Processed Transparent SnSx Thin Films by Na Doping
Authors: Li Xiaoxin , Huang Yifei , Zeng Jie , Qin Li , Xu Jianmei , Zhao Ling , Zhou Wei , Wang Qing , Gong Hao , Zhu Xiaoyan , Sun Jian
Published: March 2020

The In–Ga–Zn–O oxide semiconductor (a-IGZO) is currently a well-researched and widely used material in the semiconductor industry; however, due to the shortage of indium, new transparent conducting films (TCFs) need to be developed as a substitute of a-IGZO. For this,
a new TCF, SnSx (the compound of SnS2 and SnS) nanomaterial using spin-coating method is processed. We systematically investigate the structure, electrical and optical properties of SnSx and the Na doped SnSx nanomaterial films.
Through Na doping, Hall electron mobility of the processed material is increased to 59.6 cm2/Vs and its corresponding average transmittance is 62% in the range 400–800 nm, indicating the material’s potential applications as a transparent conductor and in invisible thin
film transistors (TFTs).
Fabrication of Biodegradable Poly(caprolactone) Spherical-Microcarriers for Arterial Embolization
Authors: Pan Cheng-Tang , Wang Shao-Yu , Yen Chung-Kun , Zeng Song-Wei , Kumur Ajay , Liang Shih-Shin , Liu Zong-Hsin , Wen Zhi-Hong , Mohamed Mohamed-Gamal , Kaushik Aman Chandra , Chien Shang-Tao , Shiue Yow-Ling , Kuo Shiao-Wei
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to develop emulsification assisted with ultrasonic atomization (EUA) to make embolic biodegradable poly(caprolactone) (PCL) spherical-microcarriers with uniform particle size for mass production which was used to cure hepatocellular carcinoma, because this kind of embolic
drugs is expensive at the current market due to their complex manufacturing process. The embolic spherical-microcarriers with sustained-releasing therapeutic agents can shrink an unresectable tumor into a respectable size. Through high frequency vibrating surface on the ultrasonic atomizer
nozzle, the thin liquid film for PCL oil-phase solution was broken into the uniform PCL microdroplets (particle sizes are from 20 to 55 μm) with less medicine loss. To determine the optimal parameters to make PCL microcarriers, the ultrasonic module parameters including the concentration
of PCL solution, vibrating amplitude of atomizer, feeding rate of PCL oil-phase solution and collection distance on the particle size of microdroplets were analyzed. Besides, a vertical circulation flow field of aqueous-phase poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution was created to enhance the separation
of the microdroplets and increase the production of the PCL microcarriers, and about 8~11 wt% of PVA solution with high stable dispersion property was used to effectively improve the yield rate of PCL spherical-microcarriers (89.8~98.2 wt%). The final particle size of PCL microcarriers was
ca. 5–18 μm, indicating an about 25–50% volume shrinkage from microdroplets to solid spherical-microcarriers.
The Other 128 Hours a Week: Teaching Personal Management to Blind Young Adults
Authors: Morrison Mary
Published: March 2020

The blind young adult has been given an education and prepared for the job market but he has not been taught the skills necessary for independent living. Parents often assume the blind son or daughter will always live with the family and fear that injury will occur if the blind youth attempts to perform a household task himself. These young people are often not even oriented to areas (such as the kitchen) of their own homes. Areas of personal management discussed include signature writing, shopping, money management, cooking, and using a calendar.
Development of on Orientation and Mobility Program for Multiply Impaired Low Vision Children
Authors: Harley Randall K. , Merbler John B.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop programmed instruction in orientation and mobility for multiply impaired low vision children. Scales were developed for each of four major areas—motor development, sensory training, concept development, and mobility skills—and programmed instruction was written for each scale. The programmed instruction was validated with 44 multiply impaired low vision children in nine facilities in a 16-week field test. The experimental group using the programmed instructional materials demonstrated significant overall performance gains over a control group.
Listening Comprehension of Compressed, Accelerated, and Normal Speech by the Visually Handicapped
Authors: Bancroft Norris R. , Bendinelli Leo
Published: March 2020

An investigation of listening ability in 13 visually impaired college students was conducted. Subjects were pre-tested on a listening skills test and then exposed to three modes of speech presentation in a counterbalance order: normal speech, accelerated speech, and compressed speech. Results showed a consistent and significant trend towards better performance on the accelerated over the normal mode, and on the compressed over both the accelerated and normal modes.
Evaluation of Voice-Output Calculators for Visually Handicapped Users
Authors: Melrose Sue , Goodrich Gregory L.
Published: March 2020

Until recently, the Speech Plus was one of the few calculators that were accessible to visually handicapped individuals. A variety of other voice-output calculators are now on the market. An evaluation of five—the Canon SP-1260-D, Panasonic JE-1650U and JE-720U, Sharp El-620, and Speech Plus—indicated that most can easily be used by visually handicapped people and that personal preferences concerning size and the variety of functions offered may be the determining factors in choosing a calculator. Descriptive information is presented on all five calculators.
Participation of Somatic Stem Cells, Recognized by a Unique A3 Antibody, in Mucosal Epithelial Regeneration in Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)–Induced Rat Colonic Lesions
Authors: Nishina Hironobu , Katou-Ichikawa Chisa , Kuramochi Mizuki , Izawa Takeshi , Kuwamura Mitsuru , Yamate Jyoji
Published: March 2020

A3, generated as a monoclonal antibody against rat malignant fibrous histiocytoma cells, recognizes somatic stem cells in rats. We analyzed the distribution of A3-positive cells in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced colonic lesions consisting of regenerating mucosa and fibrosis. Male 6-week-old F344 rats were administered 5% DSS in drinking water for 5 to 7 days, and lesions at recovery stage were also examined. In untreated control adult colons, A3-positive cells are localized around the crypts where stem cell niche is formed. Histopathologically, in colons of DSS-administered rats, mucosal atrophy, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis were observed in the lamina propria; thereafter, mucosal epithelia were desquamated, and crypts were decreased gradually with decrease in surrounding A3-positive cells. At the early recovery stage, crypts showed regeneration with reappearance of A3-positive cells. Interestingly, A3-positive cells aggregated in desquamated mucosa surface of fibrosis. Aggregated A3-positive cells coexpressed with vimentin, Thy-1, and partly CK19 but did not react simultaneously with α-SMA. Likely, aggregated A3-positive cells may be rescue cells with nature of both mesenchymal and epithelial cells to maintain self-renewal after injury in the colon. A3 antibody would become a useful tool to investigate the participation of stem cells in rat colonic lesions.
Adult attachment and jealousy of the partner–infant relationship at the transition to parenthood
Authors: Olsavsky Anna L. , Mahambrey Meghna S. , Berrigan Miranda N. , Schoppe-Sullivan Sarah J.
Published: March 2020

Using data from a sample of 182 dual-earner different-gender couples who were followed across their transition to parenthood, we adopted a dyadic approach to examine associations between expectant mothers’ and fathers’ attachment anxiety and avoidance in the third trimester of pregnancy and their own and their partners’ jealousy of the partner–infant relationship at 3 months postpartum. Results of an actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) revealed that expectant mothers and fathers higher in attachment anxiety reported greater jealousy of the partner–infant relationship at 3 months postpartum. The partners of expectant mothers and fathers higher in attachment anxiety also reported greater jealousy of the partner–infant relationship. There were no parent gender differences in actor or partner paths linking attachment anxiety and jealousy. Attachment avoidance was not associated with one’s own or one’s partner’s jealousy of the partner–infant relationship. An exploratory mediation analysis revealed greater jealousy of the partner–infant relationship as a potential mechanism linking higher attachment anxiety to lower dyadic adjustment at 9 months postpartum. Overall, results suggest that attachment anxiety in either partner may precipitate maladaptive relationship dynamics in the early postpartum period that may ultimately interfere with the establishment and maintenance of healthy parent–child and coparenting relationships.
A Survey Study of Spiritual Change and Related Factors Among the Surviving Loved Ones of Homicide Victims
Authors: Johnson Shannon
Published: March 2020

A survey study was conducted as the second phase of a sequential mixed-methods study of spiritual change after the homicide of a loved one. The purpose of the study was to test the Theory of Post-Homicide Spiritual Change (Theory of PHSC), which emerged in Phase 1 of the larger study. The formulation of survey research questions and hypotheses was guided by the emerging theory. Data were collected online using Qualtrics. Respondents ( N = 112) completed a demographic and background questionnaire that was devised for the study based on a review of important factors in homicidal bereavement. They also responded to established measures, including a modified version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES), and the Perceived Justice Scale. The ISLES was comprised of two subscales—Comprehensibility and Footing in the World. Significant findings revealed that posttraumatic growth (PTG) was higher among those for whom 3 or more years had passed since the murder, as compared with those for whom fewer than 3 years had passed. The age of the victim was positively correlated with integration of loss. Christian respondents reported higher levels of integration of loss and PTG, as compared with non-Christian respondents. Integration of loss was a mediator of the relationship between perceived justice and integration of loss, while footing in the world was a mediator of the relationship between comprehensibility and PTG. Contrary to hypotheses, integration of loss did not differ by time since murder. This finding is interpreted in terms of the limitations of the study sample and in terms of future research directions in this area. The results of this study yield important insight into spiritual change and related factors that can be used to guide service provision with the homicide survivor population.
Exploring Mental Health Professionals’ Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence–Related Training: Results From a Global Survey
Authors: Burns Samantha C. , Kogan Cary S. , Heyman Richard E. , Foran Heather M. , Smith Slep Amy M. , Dominguez-Martinez Tecelli , Grenier Jean , Matsumoto Chihiro , Reed Geoffrey M.
Published: March 2020

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health problem that has been shown to lead to serious mental health consequences. Due to its frequent co-occurrence with psychiatric disorders, it is important to assess for IPV in mental health settings to improve treatment planning and referral. However, lack of training in how to identify and respond to IPV has been identified as a barrier for the assessment of IPV. The present study seeks to better understand this IPV-related training gap by assessing global mental health professionals’ experiences of IPV-related training and factors that contribute to their likelihood of receiving training. Participants were French-, Spanish-, and Japanese-speaking psychologists and psychiatrists ( N = 321) from 24 nations differing on variables related to IPV, including IPV prevalence, IPV-related norms, and IPV-related laws. Participants responded to an online survey asking them to describe their experiences of IPV-related training (i.e., components and hours of training) and were asked to rate the frequency with which they encountered IPV in clinical practice and their level of knowledge and experience related to relationship problems; 53.1% of participants indicated that they had received IPV-related training. Clinicians from countries with relatively better implemented laws addressing IPV and those who encountered IPV more often in their regular practice were more likely to have received training. Participants who had received IPV-related training, relative to those without training, were more likely to report greater knowledge and experience related to relationship problems. Findings suggest that clinicians’ awareness of IPV and the institutional context in which they practice are related to training. Training, in turn, is associated with subjective appraisals of knowledge and experience related to relationship problems. Increasing institutional efforts to address IPV (e.g., implementing IPV legislation) may contribute to improved practices with regard to IPV in mental health settings.
Effect of faba bean and chickpea mucilage incorporation in the structure and functionality of kefir
Authors: Ould Saadi Linda , Zaidi Farid , Sanz Teresa , Haros Claudia M
Published: March 2020

This investigation aimed to investigate the viability of kefir enrichment with mucilage extracted from faba bean and chickpea. Four formulations of kefir were studied: fermented milk (control), milk with 3% of faba bean mucilage, milk with 3% of chickpea mucilage and milk with 3% of inulin from artichoke (as prebiotic control). Kefirs were evaluated during 28 days’ storage time at refrigerated temperature. Microbial viability, physicochemical properties (total titratable acidity, syneresis and pH), rheological properties (flow and dynamic shear rheology) and consumer’s acceptability were evaluated. The number of bacteria significantly increased during storage period in all the formulations. The pH decreases during storage whereas total titratable acidity increased as was expected. Kefir supplemented with mucilage showed slightly lower but not significantly different sensory acceptability scores in comparison to the control. The novel mucilage ingredients could be prebiotic source for improving kefir quality.
Development of a checklist for the detection of degenerative joint disease-associated pain in cats
Authors: Enomoto Masataka , Lascelles B Duncan X , Gruen Margaret E
Published: March 2020

Objectives

The aim of this study was to develop an evidence-based, clinically expedient checklist to identify cats likely to have degenerative joint disease (DJD)-associated pain.

Methods

Data were compiled from previously conducted studies that employed a standardized subjective outcome measure consisting of a series of questions. These studies included a prevalence study (with DJD non-informed owners) and therapeutic trials (with DJD-informed owners). For each cat, and each question, response scores were converted to ‘impaired’ and ‘unimpaired’. Cats were categorized as ‘DJD pain’ and ‘non-DJD’ based on orthopedic pain and radiographic DJD scores. These binary data were compared between cat phenotypes (non-DJD and DJD pain) for each question. Sensitivity and specificity of each question were calculated using the binary data; based on this, potential questions for the checklist were selected. Sensitivity and specificity across this group of questions were calculated, and questions sequentially removed to optimize length, sensitivity and specificity. Finally, the proposed checklist was applied to a novel data set to evaluate its ability to identify cats with DJD pain.

Results

In total, 249 DJD pain cats and 53 non-DJD cats from five studies were included. Nine questions with adequate sensitivity and specificity were initially identified. Following sequential removal of questions, a checklist with six binary questions was proposed. Based on the data from the cohorts of DJD-informed and DJD non-informed owners, the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed checklist were approximately 99% and 100%, and 55% and 97%, respectively.

Conclusions and relevance

The proposed checklist represents a data-driven approach to construct a screening checklist for DJD pain in cats. This checklist provides a clinically expedient tool likely to increase veterinarians’ ability to screen for DJD pain in cats. The identified behaviors comprising the checklist may further provide a foundation for increasing awareness of DJD pain among cat owners.
Opportunities and tensions in supporting intercultural productive activities: The case of urban and rural Mapuche entrepreneurship programs
Authors: Daher Marianne , Jaramillo Andrea , Rosati Antonia
Published: March 2020

Over the last decade, entrepreneurship programs have proven to be an effective strategy to fight poverty in various contexts, but what happens when these programs are meant for Mapuche people? The purpose of this article was to analyze the cultural characteristics, opportunities, and associated challenges of entrepreneurship programs aimed at Mapuche people in rural and urban areas of Chile, based on the experiences and meanings of their beneficiaries. To fulfill this objective, a qualitative study was conducted, providing an in-depth examination of the experiences of 17 Mapuche people who have participated in entrepreneurship interventions in the Metropolitan and Bio Bio Regions, Chile. The article describes the initial conditions of the enterprises and the general contribution of the programs, the geographic and cultural characteristics associated with the development of their enterprises, the points of agreement and tensions between the business world and the Mapuche world, the aspects of the programs that reinforce Mapuche entrepreneurship, and the distinctive effects of entrepreneurship as implemented by Mapuche people. Points of agreement and challenges associated with interculturality in the field of entrepreneurship and social programs are discussed, as well as notions of culture, cultural identity, and recognition.
Effects of manipulating ball type on youth footballers’ performance during small-sided games
Authors: Santos Sara , Coutinho Diogo , Gonçalves Bruno , Abade Eduardo , Pasquarelli Bruno , Sampaio Jaime
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to identify the effects of manipulating the ball type in players’ physical, technical, creative and tactical performance in two small-sided games situations: 4-a-side and 6-a-side. There were four conditions: (i) Football, using regular football ball; (ii) Handball, using handball ball; (iii) Rugby, playing with rugby ball, and (d) Mixed, at every 2 min the ball type was randomly changed. Players’ technical and creative actions were analysed through notational analysis, while GPS positional data were used to process the physical and tactical variables. During the 4-a-side, the rugby and mixed conditions induced more effects. From the physical perspective, there were moderate decreases in the total distance covered (−11.1%; ±3.1% and −6.2; ±3.6) and distance covered while jogging (−11.9%; ±3.6% and −8.0; ±3.9) in both scenarios, respectively. In tactics, there were small to moderate decreases in both conditions in the distance between team’s centroids (−5.5; ±6.0 and −6.8%; ±5.1%) and effective playing space (−16.2; ±9.8 and −20.6; ±12.3), respectively. In turn, all variables were affected by the ball type modification during the 6-a-side compared to the Football balls. Modifying the type of ball promoted small to moderate decreases in the number of successful passes and dribbles, in the fluency and versatility, as well as in most of the physical variables. Additionally, changing the ball type has also affected (small decreases) in the regularity in the distance between teams. Coaches may promote variability in the training tasks using different balls to develop the players’ adaptive movement behaviours.
Association of adherence to antiretroviral therapy with economic burden of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected population
Authors: Liao Chia-Te , Yang Chun-Ting , Chen Pin-Hao , Toh Han Siong , Kuo Shihchen , Chen Zhih-Cherng , Ou Huang-Tz , Ko Nai-Ying , Wang Jung-Der
Published: March 2020

Aims

There is a lack of studies that rigorously and systematically assess the economic burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) related to the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We aimed to assess the association between adherence to ART and economic burden of CVDs in an HIV-infected population.

Methods

Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database 2000–2011 was utilized for analyzing 18,071 HIV-infected patients free of CVDs before HIV diagnosis. The level of adherence to ART was measured by the medication possession ratio (MPR). Generalized estimating equations analysis was applied to estimate the cost impact of a variety of CVDs. All costs were presented in 2018 US dollars.

Results

The incidence of CVDs ranged from 0.17/1000 person-years (cardiogenic shock) to 2.60/1000 person-years (ischemic heart diseases (IHDs)). The mean annual medical cost for a base-case patient without CVDs was US$3000. Having cerebrovascular diseases, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, and IHDs increased annual costs by 41%, 33%, 30%, 16%, and 14%, respectively. The cost impact of incident CVDs in years with high adherence to ART (MPR ≥ 0.8) was significantly lower than that in years with low adherence (MPR < 0.1) (e.g. having cerebrovascular diseases in the high- versus low-adherence years increased annual costs by 21% versus 259%, respectively).

Conclusion

The economic burden of incident CVDs in an HIV-infected population was compelling and varied by the extent of using ART. A reduced economic impact of CVDs was found in years when patients possessed a greater adherence to ART.
Perfect combination of the expanded flap and 3D printing technology in reconstructing a child’s craniofacial region
Authors: Wang Yanni , Qi Hongyan
Published: March 2020

Background

The reconstruction of large head and face missing structures in the craniofacial region in children is very challenging for plastic surgeons. Expanded local and expanded axial-pattern flaps are widely used for the reconstruction of large-area scars. Free flaps are used very cautiously in children. 3D printing technology is a new technology with great development potential. 3D printing technology is used to assist in individualizing titanium alloy restorations for prefabricated skull defect repair. This application has great advantages in the repair of large skull loss. However, it is crucial to choose appropriate techniques and treat deformities of the head and face with integrated approaches and collaboration among multiple departments.

Case presentation

This study proposes a method to combine the expanded flap method and 3D printing technology to achieve natural remodeling of the craniofacial region in a child.

Conclusion

Large area of head and face missing structures can be reconstructed by using expanded skin flaps combined with 3D printing, and patients can get better new faces.
Correction to: The interplay between HIF-1α and noncoding RNAs in cancer
Authors: Peng Xiafeng , Gao Han , Xu Rui , Wang Huiyu , Mei Jie , Liu Chaoying
Published: March 2020

In the original publication of this manuscript [1], Fig. 2 contains incorrect labels and feedback loops. The revised version of Fig. 2 is shown below.
Rapid cognitive decline in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a case report
Authors: Forryan James , Yong Jun
Published: March 2020

Background

The use of monoclonal antibodies in various settings has been linked to the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Whilst this association is well-described with agents such as rituximab and natalizumab, the literature describing the occurrence of PML with ofatumumab therapy (especially in a haematology setting) is sparse. This case aims to draw attention to the above association with a particular focus on the mechanisms by which B-cell-depleting therapy can precipitate PML during the treatment of haematological malignancy.

Case presentation

A 68-year-old Caucasian man presented with acute-on-subacute confusion and reduced mobility. He had a history of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia for which he had completed six cycles of ofatumumab and chlorambucil 2 months prior to presentation. Biochemistry, physical examination and imaging were unremarkable on admission. Subsequent neurological examination demonstrated diminished reflexes and an extensor right plantar, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment revealed white matter hyperintensities in the frontal lobes with restricted diffusion surrounding these areas. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis demonstrated normal cell counts and chemistry but detected John Cunningham virus (JCV) via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with a quantitative value of 41,850 gEg/ml. CSF immunophenotyping excluded malignant processes. A diagnosis of PML was confirmed, and with the support of palliative care, the patient was discharged to a hospice for ongoing care with the family’s agreement.

Conclusion

PML remains a rare complication of ofatumumab treatment. Nevertheless, clinicians should maintain a certain level of suspicion for this risk, especially in the context of patients presenting with clinical syndromes of encephalopathy and focal neurologic deficits. Furthermore, research to better our understanding of the manifold links between B-cell function and JCV regulation could provide valuable information for use in the future prevention and treatment of PML.
Implementation strategies in emergency management of children: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Aregbesola Alex , Abou-Setta Ahmed M. , Jeyaraman Maya M. , Okoli George , Lam Otto , Sibley Kathryn M. , Klassen Terry P.
Published: March 2020

Background

Behavior change is not simple, and the introduction of guidelines or protocols does not mean that they will be followed. As such, implementation strategies are vital for the uptake and sustainability of changes in medical protocols. Medical or mental emergencies may be life-threatening, especially in children due to their unique physiological needs. In emergency departments (EDs), where timely decisions are often made, practice change requires thoughtful considerations regarding the best approaches to implementation. As there are many studies reporting on a wide variety of implementation strategies in the emergency management of children in EDs, we aim to identify and map the characteristics of these studies.

Methods

We will conduct a scoping review to identify various implementation strategies in the emergency management of children using the Arksey and O’Malley framework. We will search MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Cochrane Central (Wiley), and CINAHL (Ebsco), from inception to May 29, 2019, for implementation studies among the pediatric population (≤ 21 years) in a pediatric emergency setting. Two pairs of reviewers will independently select studies for inclusion and extract the data. We will perform a descriptive, narrative analysis of the characteristics of the identified implementation strategies.

Discussion

We will present specific characteristics and outcome measures of all included studies in a tabular form. The results of this review are expected to help identify and characterize successful implementation strategies in the emergency management of children in EDs.

Systematic review registration

Open Science Framework https://osf.io/h6jv2
Necessity and feasibility of care training assistant robot (CaTARo) as shoulder complex joint with multi-DOF in elderly care education
Authors: Lee Miran , Ameyama Ko , Yamazoe Hirotake , Lee Joo-Ho
Published: March 2020

As the geriatric population expands, caregivers require more accurate training to handle and care for the elderly. However, students lack methods for acquiring the necessary skill and experience, as well as sufficient opportunities to practice on real human beings. To investigate the necessity and feasibility of care training assistant robots in care education, we developed a simulated robot as a shoulder complex joint with multi-DOF. In this study, five experts with years of experience in elderly care participated in the data-acquisition process, to acquire information on aspects such as the glenohumeral angle, as well as the sterno-clavicular joint and its torque. The experts performed three types of range-of-motion exercises: (i) elevation–depression of sterno-clavicular joint; (ii) extension and flexion of glenohumeral joint; (iii) lateral and medial rotation of glenohumeral joint. The experimental results showed that the quantitative results for all the exercises were significantly different between the experts. Moreover, we observed that even experienced professionals need consistent care education based on quantitative data and feedback. Thus, we confirmed the necessity and feasibility of the care training assistant robot for improving the skills required for elderly care.
Spatial and temporal drought incidence analysis in the northeastern highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonen Abebe Arega , Berlie Arega Bazezew , Ferede Mehrete Belay
Published: March 2020

This study investigated the space-time drought incidence in the northeastern highlands of Ethiopia using monthly rainfall data. It also aims to predict drought events for 100 years. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was used to compute the drought severity classes of rainy months and seasons at 1-, 4- and 8-months timesteps. The Mann-Kendall’s test and Sen’s slope estimator were used to analyze the trends of drought events and to determine the magnitude of change. Inverse Distance Weighted spatial analysis tool was used to illustrate the spatial patterns of the drought risk events. The study detected extreme severe droughts in the belg rainy months in March 2008 and April 1984. However, during the belg season, the year 1999 was the driest for the recorded periods. On the other hand, the extremely severe droughts were observed during the kiremt rainy months of July 1987 and 2015, August 1984, and September 2009. In general, 1984, 1987 and 2015 were the driest years recorded in the kiremt season. The study noted that the drought risk events of months in the belg season were threefold greater than that of the months in kiremt season under moderate drought intensity class. Equally, the drought risk events of months in kiremt season were threefold greater than that of the belg season under extreme drought intensity class. Complex spatial variations of drought risk events were also observed in 1-, 4- and 8-months timesteps. During the belg seasons, the southern half was subjected to more frequent drought risk events while the northern half experienced more frequent drought risk events during kiremt season. Almost the eastern half of the livelihood zones experienced higher drought frequency events than the other parts in the 8-month timestep. The observed space-time drought risk event analysis has shown a potential threat to the rainfed agricultural practices that have a great influence on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. Hence, documentation and assessment of drought risk events based on the livelihood zones are essential for drought risk management, early warning responses, local-scale planning and food security management. Finally, the study recommended further research on additional indices of climatic variables such as evapotranspiration and soil water content.
Diagnostic performance and cutoff value for the clock drawing test, semantic verbal fluency, and the short Boston Naming Test in community-dwelling educated older adults with neurocognitive disorders
Authors: ELbedewy Reem Mohamed Sabry , ELokl Mohamed
Published: March 2020

Background

Little is known regarding the standardized neuropsychological tests available in Arabic. The aim is to determine the diagnostic performance and the best cutoff value for the clock drawing test (CDT), animal category test of semantic verbal fluency (VF), and the short form of the Boston Naming Test (BNT) in identifying patients with mild and major neurocognitive disorders among community-dwelling educated Egyptian older adults using Arabic versions of those tests. Community-dwelling educated male and female older adults aged 60 years or older. Successive patients were attending the outpatient geriatrics clinic at the Ain Shams University Hospital during a 12-month study period from January to December 2016. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Informed consent to participate in the study was received from each participant and/or his/her next of kin. Patients and/or their next of kin who declined to participate were excluded, as were those who refused to complete the assessment.

A two-step protocol was followed. Step 1: Participants were divided into three groups according to DSM-V diagnostic criteria for neurocognitive disorders. The assessment of cognitive function included Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), patient’s current functional status regarding basic and instrumental activities of daily living by the Blessed Dementia Scale (BDS), and patient detailed history and examination based on protocol five of the CERAD assessment packet.

Step 2: The application of the Arabic versions of ELokl et al. 2001 VF test, the BNT, and the CD by a clinical psychologist blinded to the initial assessment results.

Results

In current study, AUC for CD, VF, and BN are 0.807, 0.77, and 0.753 respectively for mild NCD and 0.884, 0.877, and 0.839 respectively for major NCD while cutoff values for CD, VF, and BN are 2, 12, and 14 respectively for mild NCD and 2, 9, and 13 respectively for major NCD.

Conclusion

Verbal fluency, clock drawing, and Boston naming showed reasonable diagnostic performance in educated Egyptian elderly and should be considered separately or in combination for the assessment of cognitive function. Further research is warranted.
Phytocomponents from Anacardium occidentale, Psidium guajava, and Terminalia catappa altered membrane osmotic stability of sickle erythrocytes
Authors: Chikezie Paul C. , Ekeanyanwu Raphael C. , Chile-Agada Adaeze B.
Published: March 2020

Background

The present study identified, quantified, and characterized the combinations of phytocomponents from fractionated leaf extracts of Anacardium occidentale, Psidium guajava, and Terminalia catappa that stabilized sickle erythrocyte membrane against osmotic stress, or otherwise, using standard chromatographic-spectrophotometric techniques, namely GC-MS, FT-IR, and UV-visible systems.

Results

The percentage hemolysis of the control sample, in 0.9 g/100 mL NaCl, was 35.08 ± 11.64%, whereas those of the samples containing 40 mg/100 mL, 60 mg/100 mL, and 80 mg/100 mL of ethylacetate extracts of T. catappa ranged between 31.82 ± 8.32 and 39.18 ± 6.94%. Ethylacetate extract of T. catappa contained comparative high quantities of hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9,11-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, (E, E)-, trans-13-octadecenoic acid methyl ester, and methyl stearate. FT-IR and UV-visible spectra showed that ethylacetate extract of T. catappa contained aromatic compounds as well as nitro-compounds, phenolics, and esters.

Conclusion

To mention but a few, the combinations of major phytocomponents that stabilized sickle erythrocyte membrane against osmotic stress were hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 11-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, dibutyl phthalate, pentacosane, trans-13-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, whereas the minor phytocomponents include methyl tetradecanoate, methoxyacetic acid, 3-pentadecyl ester, methyl stearate, hexadecanoic acid, isoxazole, 4,5-dimethyl-.
Colorectal Cancer in Northern Tanzania: Increasing Trends and Late Presentation Present Major Challenges
Authors: Herman Ayesiga M. , Hawkins Alexander T. , Misso Kennedy , Issangya Christian , Tarmohamed Murad , Mremi Alex , Serventi Furaha , Msuya David , Philemon Rune
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE

A trend of increasing incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been observed in northern Tanzania. Studies have shown a six-fold increase in CRC in the past decade, with 90% of patients presenting in late stages, with resultant high morbidity and mortality rates. In this study, we aimed to document the burden of CRC in the northern zone of Tanzania from 1998 to 2018, focusing on patient presentation, clinical features, and treatment at a tertiary hospital.

METHODS

Pathological and clinical records for all patients from 1998 to 2018 were identified and reviewed. Records of patients whose CRC was diagnosed histologically were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS

Approximately 313 CRC cases were documented. The majority age group (29.1%) was between 50 and 64 years (mean [standard deviation], 54.28 [16.75] years). However, together, the age groups of patients younger than 50 years was 41.5% (n = 130). Of 174 patients with complete records, most (29.3%) were between 35 and 49 years of age. The median age was 52 (interquartile range, 40-67) years. Men accounted for 62.1% of patients and were mostly from the Kilimanjaro region. More than half (54.7%) presented > 3 months after symptom debut; 62.6% first sought care at lower-level health facilities. Most (64.9%) presented as emergencies, necessitating colostomy for fecal diversion as the initial surgical procedure in 60.3% of patients. Colonoscopy was performed for 38.6% of the study participants. Most tumors (72.7%) originated from the sigmoid and rectum. Adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent histologic type.

CONCLUSION

High proportions of young individuals with CRC pose great concern and a need for further appraisal. Furthermore, late emergency presentation and low colonoscopy rates highlights underlying system challenges and need for education campaigns.
Women Artists in Twentieth-Century China
Authors: Andrews Julia F.
Published: March 2020

This article is a reflection on two intersecting themes, the rise of women as artists and as female subjects for art, in the context of the evolving status of women in twentieth-century China. Set in the context of the nascent modern education for women and the emergence of feminism, the two phenomena, like the art world itself, are primarily urban. After surveying the accelerating progress made between 1910 and 1940, it interrogates, in light of contemporary art world patterns and current definitions of feminism, the slowing and even regression in recognition of women as artists in subsequent years.
Από τους εμπειρικούς νόμους κίνησης των Πλανητών (Kepler) και τους νόμους κίνησης του Newton στη Βαρυτική Δύναμη: Μια προσέγγιση με τη βοήθεια του GeoGebra
Authors: Αρβανιτάκος Βάιος , Παπαδόπουλος Αλέξανδρος , Γλένης Σπυρίδων , Δημητριάδης Παναγιώτης , Παπατσίμπα Λαμπρινή , Τζουμάνη Καλλιόπη
Published: March 2020

Στην παρούσα εργασία θα προσεγγίσουμε με τη βοήθεια του λογισμικού GeoGebra την ιστορικήαπόδειξη των Newton και Feynman για τη σύνδεση του νόμου της βαρύτητας με τους εμπειρικούςνόμους του Kepler και τους τρεις νόμους του Newton για την κίνηση. Αρχικά αποδεικνύουμε ότι ανσυνδυαστεί ο νόμος των ίσων εμβαδών του Kepler με τους νόμους του Newton για την κίνησηοδηγούμαστε στο συμπέρασμα ότι η δύναμη που προκαλεί την κίνηση των πλανητών γύρω από τονΉλιο είναι κεντρική. Στη συνέχεια, στην ειδική περίπτωση της κυκλικής τροχιάς, συνδυάζοντας τονόμο του Kepler για τις περιόδους κίνησης των πλανητών με τον 2ο νόμο του Newtonσυμπεραίνουμε ότι το μέτρο της δύναμης που προκαλεί την κίνηση των πλανητών γύρω από τονΉλιο είναι ανάλογο του 1/R2. Τέλος, στην περίπτωση που βαρυτική δύναμη ακολουθεί το νόμο τουαντιστρόφου τετραγώνου, χρησιμοποιώντας τα επιχειρήματα του Feynman με τη βοήθεια τουλογισμικού κατασκευάζουμε την τροχιά που διαγράφει ο πλανήτης και διαπιστώνουμε ότι υπόορισμένες προϋποθέσεις είναι έλλειψη.
Η ΚΟΜΗ ΤΗΣ ΒΕΡΕΝΙΚΗΣ Διεπιστημονική προσέγγιση της γένεσης του σύμπαντος και της εμφάνισης της ζωής Η συμβολή της θεολογικής επιστήμης
Authors: Τζαννής Ταξιάρχης , Σουφλιάς Κωνσταντίνος , Πασπάτης Ιωάννης , Καλαμάτας Δρ. Αθανάσιος
Published: March 2020

Γνωστή κατά το παρελθόν είναι η άποψη ότι επιστήμη και θρησκεία βρίσκονται σε απηνή σύγκρουση. Ετούτη, όμως, η θέση δεν γίνεται σήμερα αποδεκτή. Πρόκειται για μια άστοχη διαμάχη διότι έχει τις ρίζες της στον Ρωμαιοκαθολικισμό και την Ιερά Εξέταση. Είναι ολότελα, λοιπόν, αναχρονιστική η επίθεση της θρησκείας καταπάνω στην επιστήμη όσο και η επίθεση της επιστήμης καταπάνω στην θρησκεία. Το βιβλίο του Γιώργου Γραμματικάκη, Η Κόμη της Βερενίκης καταδεικνύει ό,τι η επιστήμη (στροφή του ανθρώπου προς τα έξω), στα δικά της αυτόνομα όρια, πλησιάζει την αλήθεια για τη γένεση του σύμπαντος και την εμφάνιση της ζωής, ενώ η θρησκεία (στροφή του ανθρώπου προς τα έσω), δίνει απαντήσεις για τον κόσμο και τον άνθρωπο.
Η κρίσιμη πυκνότητα ηλεκτρικού ρεύματος, ως παράγων υπεραγωγιμότητας
Authors: Ανδρινόπουλος Ηλίας , Ζαρίφης Στέλιος , Κατηφόρη Αναστασία , Λιάτη Κατερίνα , Μπάρτζη Κλαίρη , Παναγιωτόπουλος Άρης , Συναδινός Βασίλης , Τόγια Ελένη-Ειρήνη , Τσαπνίδου Μαρία-Ελένη , Φαλαγγάς Γιώργος , Ανδρεαδέλλης Μιχάλης , Αρβανίτης Παύλος, , Αλεβίζος Αναστάσιος
Published: March 2020

Θα μελετηθεί τα μέγεθος «κρίσιμη πυκνότητα ηλεκτρικού ρεύματος» ως παράγοντας στην εκδήλωση του φαινομένου της υπεραγωγιμότητας σε ένα υπεραγώγιμο υλικό.Θα πραγματοποιήσουμε την μαγνητική αιώρηση υπεραγωγού σε εξωτερικό μαγνητικό πεδίο. Σκοπός της άσκησης είναι να υπολογιστεί η πυκνότητα του κρίσιμου υπεραγώγιμου ρεύματος που ρέει στον υπεραγωγό.Το ερώτημα το προσεγγίζουμε πειραματικά. Ο υπολογισμός της τιμής του μεγέθους θα γίνει μετρώντας το ύψος μαγνητικής αιώρησης, της μάζας του υπεραγώγιμου υλικού (μάζα του βαγονιού) και τη μεταβολή της κάθετης συνιστώσας του μαγνητικού πεδίου συναρτήσει της κάθετης απόστασης από τους μαγνήτες.Το πείραμα πραγματοποιήθηκε στο Ινστιτούτο Επιστήμης Υλικών στο Ε.ΚΕ.Φ.Ε. ΔΗΜΟΚΡΙΤΟΣ με διάταξη τρένου (βαγόνι – υπεραγωγός, ράγες – μαγνήτης). Βιντεοσκοπήσαμε την επίσκεψή μας που περιλάμβανε ενημέρωση για το φαινόμενο της υπεραγωγιμότητας, όπως και την διεξαγωγή του πειράματος.
Μελέτη της κίνησης ουρανίων σωμάτων και μελανών οπών με τη χρήση μοντέλου απεικόνισης του χωροχρόνου
Authors: Καραογλάνης Χρήστος , Καρυώτη Βαρβάρα , Μπεκιάρης Δημήτρης , Μπραϊμάκης Αχιλλέας , Ξαστερούλιας Στέφανος , Πρωτονοτάριου Ελένη , Σπίνος Γιάννης , Διακόνου Δρ. Μαρία , Σιώπη Καλλιόπη
Published: March 2020

Η καλύτερη απεικόνιση του χωροχρόνου θεωρείται η προσομοίωσή του με μία τεντωμένη ελαστική μεμβράνη. Για την κατανόηση και τη μελέτη του κατασκευάσαμε ένα «τραμπολίνο» διαμέτρου 2.7m με καλά τεντωμένο εξαιρετικά ελαστικό ύφασμα διαστάσεων 2 m × 2 m. Μελετήσαμε την κίνηση μικρών και μεγάλων σωμάτων απουσία και παρουσία εστιών καμπύλωσης καθώς και την κίνηση του Δία γύρω από τον Ήλιο τηρουμένων των σχετικών αναλογιών μαζών και διαμέτρων. Έγινε προσπάθεια απεικόνισης μελανών οπών με χρήση μικρών σιδερένιων σφαιρών και μαγνητών ώστε να πετύχουμε τις καλύτερες δυνατές αναλογίες ακτίνας και μάζας σύμφωνα με το μοντέλο του Schwarzshild.
Editorial
Authors: Kypriotis Eugenia
Published: March 2020

This is the second issue of the Open Schools Journal for Open Science created an interest in the education community in Greece and in other European countries. The organisers of the Student Conference on Research and Science that took place in Greece in 2018 after the success of presenting the conference’ findings of their first conference expressed again their interest to present the valuable work that has been presented during the 2nd Student Conference on Research and Science. This is the first of a series of four issues which will be published until July 2020 and it contains 22 articles written by students from across Greece in collaboration with their teachers/mentors. Have a look at the welcome note from the programme committee of the conference.All articles in this special issue are written in Greek.
Grzech sodomski Bolesława Szczodrego w świetle "Roczników" Jana Długosza
Authors: Bielaszka-Podgórny Barbara
Published: March 2020

Sodom Sin of Boleslaus II the Generous in the Light of Jan Długosz's "Annals" In the relation entered into the third volume of his Annals, dated 1076, Jan Długosz describing the Kiev campaign of Boleslaus the Generous introduces a description of the moral metamorphosis of the Polish ruler and accompanying knights. He maintains that they were guilty of a Sodom sin, which they committed in Ruthenia. This very phenomenon received the chronicler’s decided anti-Ruthenian tone. The present article established the importance of Długosz’s accusation and explains how this very element had its role in developing negative opinions about Ruthenians in the Annals. The author also provides background information about earlier accusations against Boleslaus regarding his sexual impurity.
Porozumienie Stronnictw Demokratycznych 1948-1950 – próba konsolidacji polskiej emigracji politycznej
Authors: Witalec Robert
Published: March 2020

Agreement of Democratic Parties in the Years 1948-1950 – an Attempt to Consolidate the Milieu of Polish Political Immigration

After his arrival to London in 1947, Stanisław Mikołajczyk undertook endeavors to form a national committee, which would be a projection of the World War II quadruple agreement, which brought together Polish Peasant Party (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe), Polish Socialist Party (Polska Partia Socjalistyczna), Labor Party (Stronnictwo Pracy) and National Party (Stronnictwo Narodowe). The creation of the Agreement of Democratic Parties was to be the initial step towards the future cooperation and functioning. Yet the National Party was not interested in such cooperation and the Agreement turned out to be a weak entity, unable to conduct active policy among Polish emigration. Differences between parties proved to be too big a barrier, among others regarding the question of the legality of Polish government in exile. The final blow to Mikołajczyk’s concept was the creation of Political Council by National Party, Polish Socialist Party and the Polish Liberty Movement “Independence and Democracy” (Polski Ruch Wolnościowy „Niepodległość i Demokracja”).
Curation Algorithms and Filter Bubbles in Social Networks
Authors: Berman Ron , Katona Zsolt
Published: March 2020

Do curation and personalization algorithms on social media create filter bubbles and increase content polarization?
Modeling Dynamics in Crowdfunding
Authors: Kim Chul , Kannan P. K. , Trusov Michael , Ordanini Andrea
Published: March 2020

This paper investigates the underlying mechanisms of crowdfunding behavior (forward-looking delaying investment behavior and social interactions), which lead to the crowdfunding dynamics.
Quality of palliative care in identified palliative care beds
Authors: Viel Erika , Vanoli André , Truong David , Harami Djamel , Filbet Marilène , Chaumier François , Tricou Colombe
Published: March 2020

Background:

Dedicated identified palliative care beds (IPCB) are unique to France.

Aims:

This study aimed to assess their use and advantages in a medical oncology department of a private provincial hospital.

Findings:

Of the last 100 patients who died in the medical oncology department, 57 had an IPCB. Those with an IPCB had a longer final hospital stay and significant advantages for them were access to pain evaluation by nurses and professional psychological support. Opioid use was higher, but not significantly so. There were no significant differences for the presence of close relatives, physiotherapy interventions, social workers or specific anti-cancer treatment in the last 15 days of life.

Conclusion:

This study shows some advantages for IPCB (treatment of pain, psychologist), which should be further explored. The length of the final hospital stay is controversial.
Israel
Authors: Smyth Dion
Published: March 2020

Dion Smyth's review of palliative nursing on the internet