bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermobarometry of the Leo Pargil Dome, NW India: Insights into Exhumation of Mid-Crustal Rocks in the Himalaya
Authors: Costello Nicholas
Published: February 2025

In the Himalayan orogen, the foreland is dominated by thrust faults, which accommodate north-south crustal shortening associated with continent-continent collision. The interior of the orogen, however, is dominated by east-west extension, which in the highly compressional Himalaya remains a process that is poorly understood. This study aims to improve this understanding by quantifying the exhumation history of metamorphic rocks associated with the Leo Pargil Dome, a prominent extensional feature located on the southern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. By examining extensional features and the exhumation history of associated metamorphic rocks, valuable insights such as the chronology and kinematics of the extensional processes can be understood. Mineral assemblages and the elemental composition of specific minerals record the pressures and temperatures to which rocks have been subjected, allowing direct quantification of exhumation history by thermobarometry. In this study, a sample from the hanging wall of the Leo Pargil shear zone (LPSZ) was analyzed using conventional light microscopy, as well as an electron microprobe. The sample contained quartz, plagioclase, muscovite, biotite, and garnet, with garnets exhibiting prograde compositional zoning, and biotite and muscovite showing homogeneous elemental compositions. Temperature estimates were calculated using garnet-biotite geothermometry, whereas pressure estimates were calculated using garnet-biotite-muscovite-plagioclase geobarometry, with all calculations performed by Geothermobarometry (GTB) computer software. Results indicate that rocks from the hanging wall of the LPSZ were subjected to temperatures ranging from 500 to 635°C and pressures between 6.8 and 9.2 kbar prior to exhumation. Assuming a lithostatic pressure gradient of 3.7 km/kbar, this sample was exhumed from a depth of 25-34 km. The constraint of these pressures and temperatures, as well as an estimated depth from which the sample was exhumed, allows future researchers a better understanding of extensional processes in the Himalayas.
GATA6 regulates WNT and BMP programs to pattern precardiac mesoderm during the earliest stages of human cardiogenesis
Authors: Bisson Joseph A , Gordillo Miriam , Kumar Ritu , de Silva Neranjan , Yang Ellen , Banks Kelly M , Shi Zhong-Dong , Lee Kihyun , Yang Dapeng , Chung Wendy K , Huangfu Danwei , Evans Todd
Published: February 2025

Haploinsufficiency for
GATA6
is associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) with variable comorbidity of pancreatic or diaphragm defects, although the etiology of disease is not well understood. Here, we used cardiac directed differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a platform to study GATA6 function during early cardiogenesis. GATA6 loss-of-function hESCs had a profound impairment in cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) specification and cardiomyocyte (CM) generation due to early defects during the mesendoderm and lateral mesoderm patterning stages. Profiling by RNA-seq and CUT&RUN identified genes of the WNT and BMP programs regulated by GATA6 during early mesoderm patterning. Furthermore, interactome analysis detected GATA6 binding with developmental transcription factors and chromatin remodelers suggesting cooperative regulation of cardiac lineage gene accessibility. We show that modulating WNT and BMP inputs during the first 48 hours of cardiac differentiation is sufficient to partially rescue CPC and CM defects in
GATA6
heterozygous and homozygous mutant hESCs. This study provides evidence of the regulatory functions for GATA6 directing human precardiac mesoderm patterning during the earliest stages of cardiogenesis to further our understanding of haploinsufficiency causing CHD and the co-occurrence of cardiac and other organ defects caused by human
GATA6
mutations.
Deterministic genetic barcoding for multiplexed behavioral and single-cell transcriptomic studies
Authors: Blanco Mendana Jorge , Donovan Margaret , O'Brien Lindsey Gengelbach , Auch Benjamin , Garbe John , Gohl Daryl M
Published: February 2025

Advances in single-cell sequencing technologies have provided novel insights into the dynamics of gene expression and cellular heterogeneity within tissues and have enabled the construction of transcriptomic cell atlases. However, linking anatomical information to transcriptomic data and positively identifying the cell types that correspond to gene expression clusters in single-cell sequencing data sets remains a challenge. We describe a straightforward genetic barcoding approach that takes advantage of the powerful genetic tools in Drosophila to allow in vivo tagging of defined cell populations. This method, called Targeted Genetically-Encoded Multiplexing (TaG-EM), involves inserting a DNA barcode just upstream of the polyadenylation site in a Gal4-inducible UAS-GFP construct so that the barcode sequence can be read out during single-cell sequencing, labeling a cell population of interest. By creating many such independently barcoded fly strains, TaG-EM enables positive identification of cell types in cell atlas projects, identification of multiplet droplets, and barcoding of experimental timepoints, conditions, and replicates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TaG-EM barcodes can be read out using next-generation sequencing to facilitate population-scale behavioral measurements. Thus, TaG-EM has the potential to enable large-scale behavioral screens in addition to improving the ability to multiplex and reliably annotate single-cell transcriptomic experiments.
A model-based factorization method for scRNA data unveils bifurcating transcriptional modules underlying cell fate determination
Authors: Ren Jun , Zhou Ying , Hu Yudi , Yang Jing , Fang Hongkun , Lyu Xuejing , Guo Jintao , Shi Xiaodong , Li Qiyuan
Published: February 2025

Manifold-learning is particularly useful to resolve the complex cellular state space from single-cell RNA sequences. While current manifold-learning methods provide insights into cell fate by inferring graph-based trajectory at cell level, challenges remain to retrieve interpretable biology underlying the diverse cellular states. Here, we described MGPfactXMBD, a model-based manifold-learning framework and capable to factorize complex development trajectories into independent bifurcation processes of gene sets, and thus enables trajectory inference based on relevant features. MGPfactXMBD offers a more nuanced understanding of the biological processes underlying cellular trajectories with potential determinants. When bench-tested across 239 datasets, MGPfactXMBD showed advantages in major quantity-control metrics, such as branch division accuracy and trajectory topology, outperforming most established methods. In real datasets, MGPfactXMBD recovered the critical pathways and cell types in microglia development with experimentally valid regulons and markers. Furthermore, MGPfactXMBD discovered evolutionary trajectories of tumor-associated CD8+ T cells and yielded new subtypes of CD8+ T cells with gene expression signatures significantly predictive of the responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor in independent cohorts. In summary, MGPfactXMBD offers a manifold-learning framework in scRNA-seq data which enables feature selection for specific biological processes and contributing to advance our understanding of biological determination of cell fate.
Cortical tracking of hierarchical rhythms orchestrates the multisensory processing of biological motion
Authors: Shen Li , Li Shuo , Tian Yuhao , Wang Ying , Jiang Yi
Published: February 2025

When observing others’ behaviors, we continuously integrate their movements with the corresponding sounds to enhance perception and develop adaptive responses. However, how the human brain integrates these complex audiovisual cues based on their natural temporal correspondence remains unclear. Using electroencephalogram (EEG), we demonstrated that rhythmic cortical activity tracked the hierarchical rhythmic structures in audiovisually congruent human walking movements and footstep sounds. Remarkably, the cortical tracking effects exhibit distinct multisensory integration modes at two temporal scales: an additive mode in a lower-order, narrower temporal integration window (step cycle) and a super-additive enhancement in a higher-order, broader temporal window (gait cycle). Furthermore, while neural responses at the lower-order timescale reflect a domain-general audiovisual integration process, cortical tracking at the higher-order timescale is exclusively engaged in the integration of biological motion cues. In addition, only this higher-order, domain-specific cortical tracking effect correlates with individuals’ autistic traits, highlighting its potential as a neural marker for autism spectrum disorder. These findings unveil the multifaceted mechanism whereby rhythmic cortical activity supports the multisensory integration of human motion, shedding light on how neural coding of hierarchical temporal structures orchestrates the processing of complex, natural stimuli across multiple timescales.
Evaluating the method reproducibility of deep learning models in biodiversity research
Authors: Ahmed Waqas , Kommineni Vamsi Krishna , König-Ries Birgitta , Gaikwad Jitendra , Gadelha Luiz , Samuel Sheeba
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing biodiversity research by enabling advanced data analysis, species identification, and habitats monitoring, thereby enhancing conservation efforts. Ensuring reproducibility in AI-driven biodiversity research is crucial for fostering transparency, verifying results, and promoting the credibility of ecological findings. This study investigates the reproducibility of deep learning (DL) methods within the biodiversity research. We design a methodology for evaluating the reproducibility of biodiversity-related publications that employ DL techniques across three stages. We define ten variables essential for method reproducibility, divided into four categories: resource requirements, methodological information, uncontrolled randomness, and statistical considerations. These categories subsequently serve as the basis for defining different levels of reproducibility. We manually extract the availability of these variables from a curated dataset comprising 100 publications identified using the keywords provided by biodiversity experts. Our study shows that a dataset is shared in 50% of the publications; however, a significant number of the publications lack comprehensive information on deep learning methods, including details regarding randomness.
PyBootNet: a python package for bootstrapping and network construction
Authors: Akhavan Shayan R. , Kelley Scott T.
Published: February 2025

Background

Network analysis has emerged as a tool for investigating interactions among species in a community, interactions among genes or proteins within cells, or interactions across different types of data (e.g., genes and metabolites). Two aspects of networks that are difficult to assess are the statistical robustness of the network and whether networks from two different biological systems or experimental conditions differ.

Methods

PyBootNet is a user-friendly Python package that integrates bootstrapping analysis and correlation network construction. The package offers functions for generating bootstrapped network metrics, statistically comparing network metrics among datasets, and visualizing bootstrapped networks. PyBootNet is designed to be accessible and efficient with minimal dependencies and straightforward input requirements. To demonstrate its functionality, we applied PyBootNet to compare correlation networks derived from study using a mouse model to investigate the impacts of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) on the gut microbiome. PyBootNet includes functions for data preprocessing, bootstrapping, correlation matrix calculation, network statistics computation, and network visualization.

Results

We show that PyBootNet generates robust bootstrapped network metrics and identifies significant differences in one or more network metrics between pairs of networks. Our analysis of the previously published PCOS gut microbiome data also showed that our network analysis uncovered patterns and treatment effects missed in the original study. PyBootNet provides a powerful and extendible Python bioinformatics solution for bootstrapping analysis and network construction that can be applied to microbes, genes, metabolites and other biological data appropriate for network correlation comparison and analysis.
Desenvolvimento de um dispositivo inteligente de monitoramento de energia elétrica integrado à plataforma SGE com aplicação da lógica Fuzzy para tomada de decisão na gestão energética da Indústria 4.0
Authors: Santos Junior Hélio Andrade dos , Alencar David Barbosa de , Santos Eliton Smith dos , Campos Paola Souto , Moraes Nadime Mustafa , Sanches Antônio Estanislau
Published: February 2025

A gestão eficiente da energia elétrica em ambientes industriais é um desafio crucial, exacerbado pelo aumento contínuo do consumo e pelas frequentes ineficiências no uso dos recursos disponíveis. A crise energética de 2001 no Brasil destacou a necessidade de soluções inovadoras para promover o uso racional da energia. Neste contexto, a Indústria 4.0 e as Smart Grids emergem como abordagens promissoras, integrando tecnologias digitais avançadas para otimizar a produção, distribuição e consumo de energia. A plataforma SGE (Sistema de Gestão Energética) já oferece um monitoramento abrangente, mas a necessidade de dispositivos portáteis para análises pontuais e inspeções itinerantes permanece. O objetivo desta dissertação é desenvolver e validar um dispositivo portátil de monitoramento de energia, integrado à plataforma SGE, com a aplicação da lógica fuzzy para suporte à tomada de decisão em tempo real. A lógica fuzzy foi incorporada ao sistema para avaliar, de forma dinâmica e adaptativa, dados como demanda, consumo e fator de potência, possibilitando a priorização de ações corretivas em sub-circuitos industriais. Os materiais e métodos empregados incluíram o desenvolvimento de um novo hardware portátil de monitoramento, a criação de um aplicativo mobile para interface de usuário e a integração destes componentes com a plataforma SGE. A validação do dispositivo foi realizada através de campanhas de inspeção itinerante em ambientes industriais reais, permitindo a coleta, análise e interpretação avançada dos dados de consumo energético com o auxílio da lógica fuzzy. Os resultados demonstraram que o dispositivo portátil, quando integrado à plataforma SGE e equipado com a lógica fuzzy, permitiu análises detalhadas e tomadas de decisão precisas em tempo real, identificando perdas e pontos de ineficiência com maior assertividade. A solução proposta mostrou-se promissora ao agregar valor tecnológico, melhorar a eficiência energética e promover a sustentabilidade, com potencial significativo para reduzir custos e perdas de energia elétrica em indústrias.
Sistema ciber-físico na Indústria 4.0 - Aplicado em testes de rigidez dielétrica em unidades evaporadoras de aparelhos de ar-condicionado
Authors: Alencar Wanderson Grey Rodrigues de , Alencar David Barbosa de , Santos Eliton Smith dos , Campos Paola Souto , Moraes Nadime Mustafa , Sanches Antônio Estanislau
Published: February 2025

Os sistemas ciber-físicos (CPS) têm desempenhado um papel central na transformação digital da Indústria 4.0, especialmente em setores industriais como o HVAC (aquecimento, ventilação e ar condicionado). Este estudo apresenta a aplicação de CPS no teste de rigidez dielétrica em evaporadoras de ar-condicionado, um componente essencial para a segurança e eficiência dos equipamentos. O objetivo principal foi modelar um sistema de controle automatizado que integre CPS para monitorar e otimizar os testes dielétricos, superando as limitações dos métodos tradicionais. A pesquisa incluiu mapeamento do processo de teste eletrônico, identificação de gargalos operacionais, levantamento de requisitos para modelagem do sistema e avaliação comparativa entre métodos tradicionais e automatizados. O sistema proposto integra robôs SCARA, câmeras de visão industrial e dispositivos HIPOT, controlados por um CLP (Controlador Lógico Programável). Os resultados indicam melhorias significativas em precisão, segurança, eficiência e rastreabilidade, reforçando o potencial de adoção do CPS para processos industriais críticos.
A construção da profissionalidade dos administradores em questão: uma reflexão sobre vagas na área administrativa em concursos públicos e o papel do conselho profissional
Authors: Silva Aline Myrela Souza da , Silva Fabiana Ferreira
Published: February 2025

É comum haver graduados em diferentes áreas atuando nos campos da Administração, inclusive em cargos públicos, comprometendo a construção da profissionalidade dos administradores, visto que esta contempla um conjunto de elementos que promovem o desenvolvimento e o reconhecimento social de uma profissão.  Diante disso, a presente pesquisa objetivou analisar o papel do Conselho Federal de Administração (CFA) e do Conselho Regional de Administração em Pernambuco (CRA-PE) na construção da profissionalidade dos administradores no âmbito dos concursos públicos realizados na Região Nordeste no ano de 2022. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, classificando-se como exploratória, descritiva, bibliográfica e documental, cujos dados foram tratados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Dentre os principais resultados, foram identificados três editais de concursos públicos que admitiam a inscrição de candidatos de qualquer área de nível superior para cargos específicos dos campos da Administração. No que tange à verificação dos elementos da profissionalidade nos regimentos internos do CFA e do CRA-PE, constatou-se que esses documentos sinalizam a preocupação com a especificidade da função nos campos da Administração, bem como apresentam diretrizes relacionadas ao saber específico, ao poder de decisão e à pertença ao corpo coletivo. Todavia, não foram identificadas, nos documentos analisados, normativas diretamente relacionadas à orientação e à fiscalização de concursos públicos no que diz respeito a cargos cujas atribuições são da área de Administração. Tal lacuna compromete o fortalecimento da classe dos administradores e, consequentemente, a sua profissionalidade.
Análise do uso de ferramentas de registro em prontuário eletrônico em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Coutinho Júlia Gil Francisca , Rocha Ronilson Gonçalves , Assad Luciana Guimarães , Almeida Luana Ferreira de , Paula Vanessa Galdino de , Lisboa Caroline de Deus
Published: February 2025

Objetivos: Investigar o uso do Sistema de registros MV por enfermeiros que atuam em unidades de terapia intensiva; verificar se os enfermeiros intensivistas utilizam adequadamente as ferramentas disponíveis no Sistema MV; identificar como os enfermeiros recebem treinamentos para utilização do Sistema MV e se os registros estão de acordo com o preconizado nas legislações e literatura vigente. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, prospectivo e quantitativo, desenvolvido em unidades de terapia intensiva. Utilizou-se um formulário, contemplando informações sociodemográficas e relacionadas aos registros de enfermagem. Tratou-se de uma amostra por conveniência e utilizou-se o programa Excel para análise dos dados. Resultados: obteve-se informações de 37 profissionais, avaliando-se distribuição por sexo, tempo de atuação em UTI, média de idade e desvio padrão, idades mínima e máxima e atuação em mais de uma unidade. Verificou-se que os profissionais necessitam de treinamento frequente sobre o prontuário eletrônico (Sistema MV) e que esta ferramenta deve funcionar como aliada às suas práticas. Conclusão: a maioria dos profissionais é do sexo feminino e atua em mais de uma UTI. Apesar de receberem treinamento, mais da metade destes recebeu apenas um, repercutindo na sua assistência, dada a dificuldade reportada quanto ao seu uso. E os recursos disponíveis no MV, utilizado por menos da metade dos profissionais, sugere a existência de fragilidades relacionadas às funcionalidades do sistema e sua utilização. Os profissionais não seguem recomendações de anexar escalas aos prontuários físicos, confrontando recomendações da literatura e legislações, podendo comprometer a segurança e eficiência sobre uso de tecnologias nos processos assistenciais.
Revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a evolução e tendências dos estudos sobre o ciclo de vida das baterias de veículos elétricos
Authors: Cintra Rodrigo Sampaio , Avila Lucas Veiga , Schvartz Marceli Adriane , Lisboa Gustavo da Silva , Khaled Nisrin Naiel Dib , Dauernheimer Érica Rostirolla
Published: February 2025

Este artigo apresenta uma análise baseada em uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) sobre a evolução e as tendências dos estudos relacionados ao ciclo de vida das baterias de veículos elétricos (VEs). A transição global para a eletromobilidade, substituindo veículos convencionais, é uma estratégia essencial para reduzir as emissões de gases de efeito estufa no setor de transportes. Nos últimos anos, o setor energético passou por transformações significativas, impulsionadas pelo esgotamento das fontes convencionais de energia e pela meta de alcançar a neutralidade de carbono até 2050. Com o rápido crescimento do mercado de VEs, surgiram desafios na gestão de resíduos, particularmente no desenvolvimento de materiais para armazenamento de energia. Consequentemente, a reciclagem de baterias de íons de lítio ganhou destaque como solução para enfrentar a escassez de recursos e a poluição ambiental. Para compreender a literatura atual sobre o ciclo de vida das baterias de VEs, foi realizada uma RSL utilizando a base de dados Web of Science, com os termos "electric vehicle" e "battery recycling," resultando em 240 estudos relevantes. A análise enfatiza a importância de tecnologias modernas para mitigar impactos ambientais e promover o reuso de baterias nos processos de reciclagem. Destaca, ainda, a necessidade de avaliar a demanda por metais e os efeitos ambientais associados às baterias de VEs para garantir uma oferta de recursos sustentável e suficiente. Os resultados mapeiam a pesquisa existente sobre ciclos de vida das baterias de VEs, evidenciando medidas e experiências-chave que informam estratégias e soluções aplicáveis ao Brasil.
A voz do consumidor no setor de telecomunicações: um estudo das reclamações no consumidor.gov.br
Authors: Oliveira Leandro Divino Miranda de , Almeida Marcos Inácio Severo de , Silva Jussara Goulart da , Araújo Danilo Eustáquio Luiz de
Published: February 2025

O objetivo do estudo é explorar e compreender as características dos consumidores de operadoras de telecomunicações (Telefonia, Internet, TV por assinatura) no Brasil, bem como identificar e analisar as principais reclamações registradas na plataforma pública Consumidor.gov.br. O estudo exploratório e quantitativo utilizou dados da plataforma Consumidor.gov.br, abrangendo 2.061.022 reclamações de telecomunicações registradas entre 2015 e 2024. Foram analisadas 15 variáveis, como área da reclamação, avaliação do desfecho e região geográfica, usando Análise Exploratória de Dados com SPSS e Excel. No estudo constatou-se que, 46,4% das reclamações sobre telecomunicações vêm do Sudeste, com maioria masculina (58,7%) e consumidores entre 21 e 40 anos (59,1%). Os principais problemas são Cobrança/Contestação (48,6%) e Contrato/Oferta (20,3%), e 39,4% das compras ocorreram por telefone. Apesar de 49,8% das reclamações resolvidas, a nota média foi 7,5. Homens avaliam melhor o atendimento, e jovens até 20 anos e idosos acima de 60 têm menor participação nas queixas. O estudo contribuiu para o entendimento do comportamento dos consumidores de telecomunicações no Brasil, destacando padrões demográficos e áreas de insatisfação como cobrança e atendimento. A análise da plataforma Consumidor.gov.br revelou seu potencial para pesquisas futuras, sugerindo temas como diferenças regionais e impacto do atendimento digital. O estudo oferece insights para melhorar o atendimento ao cliente, destacando áreas críticas e disparidades regionais. A preferência pelo telefone para contratações orienta investimentos nesse canal, enquanto a satisfação com as soluções aponta para práticas que reforçam a percepção positiva dos consumidores. As informações também são importantes para órgãos reguladores e políticas públicas do setor.
POST-DEMOCRACY. REMARKS ON APPLICATION POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITS OF THE CONCEPT IN THE CZECH CONTEXT
Authors: ČAMBORA Jan , HOLZER Jan
Published: February 2025

The concept of post-democracy is often used to describe the state liberal democratic regimes of the so-called West have currently reached. But is it possible to apply the notion broadly to any country? Does labeling a particular country as post-democratic always mean the same thing? Is there not a risk that the incorrect use of this term leads to an erroneous analysis of the state of democracy in the country in question? The text first focuses on the concept of post-democracy and its various definitions in the works of political theorists, while paying crucial attention to Colin Crouch’s and Jacques Rancier´s approaches. In the second part, the text tries to find out which of the concepts is more justified in the Czech context. Emphasis is placed on the criterion of the historical presence/absence of the socio-economic cleavage.
Solid Waste Collection and Disposal Practices in Bekwarra Local Government Area: Environmental Impacts and Community Awareness
Authors: Donald Ikwun Omang, , Aniekanabasi Jonathan Okon, , Elizabeth L-B Nji, , Obiageri A. Ndulue,
Published: February 2025

Background: Waste poses a threat to public health and the environment if it is not stored, collected and disposed of properly. This study investigates the different solid waste collection and disposal practices and its effect on the environment in Bekwarra Local Government of Cross River State.
Methods: This study utilized a cross sectional descriptive approach where a self-developed questionnaire and an observation checklist to gather relevant information on solid waste disposal practices were used to collect data. A total of 400 female adults were interviewed in this study.
Results: A total of 400 participants completed and returned the questionnaires giving a response rate of 99.2%.             Results from the study showed that majority of the respondents produced vegetable waste (15%) while a few of the respondents produced food waste (3%). The study also showed that the use of open containers by the indigenes was the most common method practice with 61.8% while the lest method practice was the use of sack bags (2.5%). It was observed that majority of the respondents 364 (91%) had knowledge of solid waste disposal while 36 (9.6%) had no knowledge of solid waste disposal. Results from the observation checklist showed that only 163 (41%) of respondents had storage containers for waste compared to 235 (59%) without storage containers.
Conclusions: It is investigated during the research that due to rapid growth in population, increments in solid waste generation rate, management deficiencies, lack of legislative implementation and funding, the solid waste management systems in Bekwarra are not working effectively. Thus, an inefficient municipal solid waste management system may create serious negative environmental impacts like infectious diseases, land and water pollution, obstruction of drains and loss of biodiversity.
Epidemiological, Etiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects of Pleural Effusion in Children at the Pediatric Department of Libreville University Hospital
Authors: FC Loembe, , AE Mekame , EL Mintsa, , TL Midili , RS Minto’O, , Y Nzame,
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aimed to improve the management of pediatric pleural effusion at libreville university hospital by identifying primary etiologies and proposing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted from january 2017 to april 2020, including 59 children aged 1 month to 16 years hospitalized for pleural effusion. Data were analyzed using epi-info 7 software. Incomplete records and non-pleural effusion cases were excluded.
Results: The prevalence of pediatric pleural effusion was 0.47%, with a male predominance (54.2%) and a peak age range of 1–5 years (50.8%). Common symptoms included fever, cough, and respiratory distress. The most frequent etiologies were staphylococcus aureus (26%) and pleuropulmonary tuberculosis confirmed by genexpert (13.6%). Chest radiographs showed unilateral effusion in 89.7% of cases, while pleural ultrasounds, performed in 62.7% of patients, confirmed effusion in 60.5%. Empirical antibiotic therapy was administered initially and later adjusted based on antibiograms. Patients diagnosed with tuberculosis received a standard antitubercular regimen, including rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. The average hospital stay was 21.6 days, and outcomes were generally favorable.
Conclusion: Pediatric pleural effusion is uncommon in gabon, but pleuropulmonary tuberculosis remains a significant cause. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment, including appropriate antimicrobial therapy and standardized antitubercular regimens, are essential to improving outcomes.
Advancing Cybersecurity through Machine Learning: Bridging Gaps, Overcoming Challenges, and Enhancing Protection
Authors: Saleh Redeer Avdal , Yasin Hajar Maseeh
Published: February 2025

The greatest technical achievement of the twenty-first century is machine learning (ML). The application of machine learning to detect cybersecurity vulnerabilities is a significant advancement in information security. A void exists in the field since the widespread application of machine learning technologies in cybersecurity remains distant. The primary cause of this gap is that contemporary technology has rendered it challenging for people to comprehend the role of machine learning in cybersecurity.
The review seeks to furnish readers with a comprehensive analysis of machine learning's relevance across several facets of information security, especially for individuals interested in cybersecurity. It highlights the benefits of machine learning compared to human-operated detection methods and the diverse cybersecurity tasks it can do. This research elucidates various fundamental issues that impact real-world machine learning applications in cybersecurity. Ultimately, it examines how diverse businesses might advance machine learning in cybersecurity in the future, as this is crucial for the field's further growth. This study analyzes the contribution of machine learning to the enhancement of cybersecurity, highlighting the necessity of safeguarding sensitive information from theft and loss, as well as protecting critical assets against cyberattacks.
Spatial and Temporal Trends in Extreme Rainfall in a Transition Zone: Case of the Marahoué Catchment
Authors: Beniambié Francis Marie Colson , Soro Gneneyougo Emile , Yao Blé Anouma Fhorest
Published: February 2025

The Marahoué catchment area in west-central Côte d'Ivoire is an area of high agricultural activity. Like other regions of the country, the Marahoué region has experienced alternating wet and dry periods, making it difficult to manage water resources in the river systems within it. (N’Guessan et al., 2017)
Numerous studies have addressed future changes in hydroclimatic extremes using a variety of approaches. However, trends in extreme precipitation intensities remain less well known, especially for design precipitation intensities used in stormwater infrastructure design. Hence the importance of identifying flood and low-water extremes in the Marahoué catchment in Côte d'Ivoire. Given their importance, trends in the series of extremes were studied using the modified Mann Kendall test. Trends were studied for various short-term rainfall durations at eight stations. Spatial distribution using the IDW interpolation method enabled climate indices to be distributed over the Marahoué basin. Spatial analysis of precipitation indices over four decades shows a trend towards an intensification of extreme events (Rx1day and Rx5day), accompanied by a decrease in prolonged drought periods (CDD, R10 and R20). Temporal analysis of extreme rainfall indices reveals a variety of trends depending on the station and type of index. However, most of the trends obtained are insignificant. The use of decades makes it easy to update intensity-duration-frequency curves, and is more practical and understandable for engineers. The results of this study underline the importance of monitoring climate change through localized analyses and approaches, and of adapting water resource management strategies to better cope with the growing risks associated with extreme rainfall.
Dengue with Sickle Cell Anaemia Associated with Acute Liver Failure: A Case Report
Authors: R Ramya , Kumar Praveen , M Brunda , A Rohith , Birge Sushma
Published: February 2025

Aim: Dengue fever is a major health risk in endemic regions, and its complications can be severe in individuals with underlying haematological conditions like sickle cell anaemia (SCD). SCD increases the risk of Vaso-occlusive crises, haemolysis, and multi-organ dysfunction, which can be exacerbated by dengue’s endothelial damage. This case highlights the rare and complex interaction between SCD and dengue fever, particularly the severe hepatic complications due to co-existing illness, emphasizing the need for specialized treatment strategies.
Case Presentation: A female patient from Chikkaballapur, Karnataka, India, with sickle cell anaemia (SCD), presented with dengue shock syndrome and severe hepatic complications. She experienced fever, shock, and liver dysfunction, worsened by both dengue and SCD. Diagnostic challenges arose due to overlapping symptoms. Management included careful hydration, pain control, and transfusion therapy, with close monitoring.
Conclusions: This case demonstrates the complexities of managing patients with both SCD and dengue fever. The interaction between dengue-induced endothelial damage and SCD can lead to severe complications, including organ failure and death. Timely intervention, close monitoring, and a multidisciplinary approach are essential for improving outcomes. This case underscores the need for specific treatment guidelines for managing dengue in SCD patients to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Characterization of Begomovirus Isolates Causing YMD in soybean and Analyzing the Relation with Early Reported Strains of Begomovirus from New Delhi Region
Authors: Vijayan Vineeth , Ainmisha  , Maheswaran Meenu , Shreya  , Gouda MN Rudra
Published: February 2025

This work was focused on the exact characterization of begomovirus correlated with yellow mosaic disease (YMD) in soybean during the monsoon season. This information helped to understand the time-bound status of the viral group. Augmented design and was carried out at the research field. Starting material source for pure viral DNA Initial source material consisted of soybean plants (JS335) with a prominent yellow mosaic symptom that were grown in sick plots under controlled conditions in order to obtain a DNA samples that also contained the genomes of begomovirus. The experiment used an augmented design and was carried out at the research field in New Delhi during the 2018 kharif season. In each replication, the susceptible cultivar (JS335) genotypes were planted for the establishment of a sick soybean plot for YMD development purposes. A limited number of MYMIV DNA-A sequences was used to create the phylogenetic tree. Cluster W was used to align the sequences, with the default gap penalty values of gap opening 10 and extension 0.2. A neighbor-joining tree was built using MEGA 11.0, a p-distance model, and pairwise gap deletion. The viral genome was amplified and sequenced. The sequence analysis revealed that the viral genome is 2747 nucleotides long, similar to monopartite begomoviruses, and has seven conserved ORFs. Further nucleotide (nts) sequence comparisons revealed that the genome had the maximum sequence identity of 99%, which is identical to the previously reported sequence. The DNA-A of MYMIV (GenBank accession number: OQ473638) was made from 2747 nucleotides that were 99% the same as the sequence that had already been reported. Previously, that Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) and Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) are the primary begomoviruses causing yellow mosaic disease (YMD) in soybeans in India. This study also demonstrated that our isolate of MYMIV was more similar to the one that was already recognized to be Mu2 New Delhi isolate. This information would be useful in more detailed screening processes under controlled condition and evaluation of soybean genotypes as part of variety development for sustainable cultivation of soybean.
Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Chronic Gastritis in Dogs Using Triple Therapy
Authors: Kumar Dushyant , Gupta Devendra Kumar , Jawre Shobha , Pratap Aditya , Jain Sachin , Jatav Ranbir , Tyagi Rita , Sachdev Harshit Kaur , Mathur Riya , Walia Chetanya
Published: February 2025

Chronic gastritis, characterized by persistent vomiting and gastric mucosal inflammation, possess a significant challenge in veterinary practice. This six-month study aimed to diagnose and evaluate the therapeutic management of chronic gastritis in dogs using triple therapy. In this study chronic gastritis was diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical signs, haemato-biochemical parameters and endoscopy. Among the 30 dogs examined via endoscopy, 14 were confirmed positive based on visible gastric mucosal alterations. The parameters like age, sex and breed of each dog having chronic gastritis were recorded to study the distribution of condition. The highest cases of chronic gastritis were seen in dogs aged 1-3 years. Retrievers had the most cases among breeds and males were affected more than females. For therapeutic study, 12 confirmed cases of chronic gastritis were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups as G1 and G2, each group comprising of six dogs. However, six apparently healthy dogs were included as a healthy control group (G3). Group G1 received the Amoxicillin with sulbactam, Metronidazole and Pantoprazole while group G2 received Ofloxacin, Ornidazole and Esomeprazole. Endoscopic evaluations on day 0 and day 10 showed significant improvement in both groups, with G1 achieving an 83.33% recovery rate compared to 66.66% in G2. G1 treated with Amoxicillin with sulbactam, Metronidazole and Pantoprazole demonstrated greater reductions in vomiting frequency and endoscopic lesions, alongside better normalization of haemato-biochemical parameters.
Performance of Rice-Wheat Cropping System under Different Production Systems in Irrigated Subtropics of Jammu
Authors: Naveena  , Gupta Ashok Kumar , Thakur N.P. , Gupta Meenakshi , Khar Sanjay , Sharma Manish , Kumar Parshottam , Nahwal Anu
Published: February 2025

The present study was conducted during 2022-23 and 2023-24 at the Research Farm, FSR Centre, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Main Campus Chatha. The experimental site is located at a latitude of 32°40′ N, longitude of 74°58′ E, and an altitude of 332 m above mean sea level. The region experiences an annual rainfall of 1050-1115 mm, with 70% occurring between June and September. The study evaluated the performance of a rice-wheat cropping system under four production systems: P1 (Absolute control), P2 (Organic farming), P3 (Conventional farming), and P4 (Natural farming). Results revealed that conventional farming consistently achieved significantly higher productivity in both crops. For rice, conventional farming recorded the highest grain yield (28.49 q/ha) and straw yield (55.06 q/ha), outperforming organic farming (25.53 q/ha and 53.45 q/ha) and natural farming (24.67 q/ha and 51.46 q/ha). Similarly, for wheat, conventional farming resulted in the highest grain yield (39.98 q/ha) and straw yield (53.32 q/ha), compared to organic farming (35.52 q/ha and 50.13 q/ha) and natural farming (30.87 q/ha and 48.09 q/ha). A slight improvement in grain and straw yields was observed during the second year across all production systems, except the absolute control. The findings demonstrate the superior performance of conventional farming for maximizing crop productivity in the irrigated subtropical conditions of Jammu while highlighting the potential for further optimization of organic and natural farming systems for sustainable agriculture.
Temporal relation between pubertal development and peer victimization in a prospective sample of US adolescents
Authors: Marino Jessica A. , Davis Elysia Poggi , Glynn Laura M. , Sandman Curt A. , Hahn‐Holbrook Jennifer
Published: February 2024

Peer victimization typically peaks in early adolescence, leading researchers to hypothesize that pubertal timing is a meaningful predictor of peer victimization. However, previous methodological approaches have limited our ability to parse out which puberty cues are associated with peer victimization because gonadal and adrenal puberty, two independent processes, have either been conflated or adrenal puberty timing has been ignored. In addition, previous research has overlooked the possibility of reverse causality—that peer victimization might drive pubertal timing, as it has been shown to do in non‐human primates. To fill these gaps, we followed 265 adolescents (47% female) prospectively across three‐time points (Mage: T1 = 9.6, T2 = 12.0, T3 = 14.4) and measured self‐report peer victimization and self‐ and maternal‐report of gonadal and adrenal pubertal development on the Pubertal Development Scale. Multilevel modeling revealed that females who were further along in adrenal puberty at age 9 were more likely to report peer victimization at age 12 (Cohen's d = 0.25, p = .005). The relation between gonadal puberty status and peer victimization was not significant for either sex. In terms of the reverse direction, the relation between early peer victimization and later pubertal development was not significant in either sex. Overall, our findings suggest that adrenal puberty status, but not gonadal puberty status, predicted peer victimization in females, highlighting the need to separate gonadal and adrenal pubertal processes in future studies.
High‐Entropy Argyrodite‐Type Sulfide Electrolyte with High Conductivity and Electro‐Chemo‐Mechanical Stability for Fast‐Charging All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Li Wenjin , Chen Zongyi , Chen Yansen , Zhang Lixuan , Liu Guangliang , Yao Lei
Published: February 2024

Inorganic solid electrolytes offer inherently unique transport, thermal, and mechanical attributes that can potentially address the fast‐charging barriers of safety, performance, and degradation exhibited by their liquid counterparts; however, to achieve reliable fast charging while retaining long cycle life remains a challenge for all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs), which is hindered by the electro‐chemo‐mechanical and transport issues at solid–solid interface. Herein, a high‐entropy strategy is reported to design ideal argyrodite electrolytes for fast‐charging ASSLBs with boosted transport kinetics and mitigated electrolyte‐electrode reactions via anionic site disordering. As proof of concept, multiple aliovalent cations (Si4+/Ge4+/Sn4+) and anions (Cl−) are introduced to Li6PS5Br (LPSBr) to prepare its high‐entropy counterpart, HE‐LPSBrCl. As the configuration entropy increases from 1.35 to 2.29 R, the disordering increases by 6.83‐fold and ionic conductivity increases by nearly one order of magnitude (7.96 mS cm−1 at 30 °C for HE‐LPSBrCl). The HE‐LPSBrCl full cells deliver a high capacity of 67.7 mA h g−1 at 10 C, 61.5 times higher than that of LPSBr counterparts, and retain 85.6% of the capacity (96.2 mA h g−1 at 5 C) after 1400 cycles. Unwanted mechanical penetration of Li and interfacial delamination and particle cracking of composite cathode at high rates are successfully suppressed.
Shape Anisotropic Chain‐Like CoNi/Polydimethylsiloxane Composite Films with Excellent Low‐Frequency Microwave Absorption and High Thermal Conductivity
Authors: He Mukun , Hu Jinwen , Yan Han , Zhong Xiao , Zhang Yali , Liu Panbo , Kong Jie , Gu Junwei
Published: February 2024

The demand for low‐frequency microwave absorption materials is becoming more and more urgent. Novel shape anisotropy chain‐like CoNi is fabricated using polyvinylpyrrolidone as a shape‐directing agent via solvothermal method, which is then mixed with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to prepare corresponding multifunctional chain‐like CoNi/PDMS composite films. Shape anisotropy and strong magnetic coupling effect of chain‐like CoNi enhance natural resonance and magnetic loss capability. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) is −50.5 dB and low‐frequency effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 1.04 GHz (2.64–3.68 GHz) at 3.9 mm for chain‐like CoNi. The corresponding 18 vol% chain‐like CoNi/PDMS composite films present optimal low‐frequency microwave absorption performance with RLmin of −56.7 dB and low‐frequency EAB of 1.04 GHz (2.96–4.00 GHz) at 4.1 mm, which is far superior to 18 vol% spherical CoNi/PDMS composite films with RLmin of −9.5 dB. Meantime, the in‐plane and inter‐plane thermal conductivity coefficients of 18 vol% chain‐like CoNi/PDMS composite films are 2.05 and 0.61 W m−1 K−1, about 1.5 times higher than 18 vol% spherical CoNi/PDMS composite films (1.36 and 0.42 W m−1 K−1), also 220% and 190% higher than pure PDMS (0.64 and 0.21 W m−1 K−1). This composite films with low‐frequency microwave absorption and thermal conductivity can broaden applications in 5G communications and flexible electronics.
Microneedle Patches‐Integrated Transdermal Bioelectronics for Minimally Invasive Disease Theranostics
Authors: Wang Zifeng , Xiao Min , Li Zhanhong , Wang Xinghao , Li Fangjie , Yang Huayuan , Chen Yu , Zhu Zhigang
Published: February 2024

Wearable epidermal electronics with non‐ or minimally‐invasive characteristics can collect, transduce, communicate, and interact with accessible physicochemical health indicators on the skin. However, due to the stratum corneum layer, rich information about body health is buried under the skin stratum corneum layer, for example, in the skin interstitial fluid. Microneedle patches are typically designed with arrays of special microsized needles of length within 1000 µm. Such characteristics potentially enable the access and sample of biomolecules under the skin or give therapeutical treatment painlessly and transdermally. Integrating microneedle patches with various electronics allows highly efficient transdermal bioelectronics, showing their great promise for biomedical and healthcare applications. This comprehensive review summarizes and highlights the recent progress on integrated transdermal bioelectronics based on microneedle patches. The design criteria and state‐of‐the‐art fabrication techniques for such devices are initially discussed. Next, devices with different functions, including but not limited to health monitoring, drug delivery, and therapeutical treatment, are highlighted in detail. Finally, key issues associated with current technologies and future opportunities are elaborated to sort out the state of recent research, point out potential bottlenecks, and provide future research directions.