bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE EDUCATION OF MEDICAL STUDENTS OF FEDERAL MEDICAL COLLEGE, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
Authors: Bukhari Gul Mehar Javaid , Hareem Binte Saleem  , Javeria Saleem  , Munazza Batool  , Fatima Majeed  , Hania Batool
Published: March 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of covid-19 on the learning of medical students of Federal Medical College, Islamabad.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 215 medical students of Federal Medical College, Islamabad from October to December 2021. A pretested validated tool was used to collect primary data from medical students via random sampling. SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. The chi-square test was used to see the association between various variables.
Results: This study included 54.9% (118) females and 45.1% (97) males. 188 (87.4%) students reported that they were taking online classes. Most of the students, 181 (84.2%) thought that COVID-19 affected their study durations. The pandemic has caused wastage of time was reported by 155 (72.1%) students and 60 (27.9%) stated pandemic had given them extra time to clear their concepts. More than 2/3rd of the students (78.6%) were concerned about their professional examinations due to the present situation of the pandemic. Among all the respondents, 177 (82.3%) were not satisfied with this method of learning and also 184 (85.6%) students have lost interest in their studies. Most of the students 173 (80.5%) were facing difficulty in establishing the boundary between their work and home and 180 (83.7%) were missing classroom engagement.
Conclusion: Covid 19 has severely affected medical education. E-learning is not suitable for medical students as most of their learning involves practical performance and interaction with patients.
Keywords: Covid-19, medical students, medical education, online learning
ASSOCIATION OF SERUM VITAMIN D WITH GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS AND DURATION OF DISEASE IN TYPE-II DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS
Authors: Mahmood Afsheen , Khan Naveed Afzal , Ahmad Shahzad , Naz Shahida , Ahmed Farida , Khan Abdul Jalil
Published: March 2023

Objective:  To find a possible association between levels of vitamin D and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in patients with type II diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar over six months. Diagnosed cases of Type-II diabetes mellitus were recruited through non-probability consecutive sampling. The levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and serum vitamin D levels were assessed in 219 selected patients enrolled in the study through Cobas Integra 800 and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay respectively. Patients were divided into three categories based on increasing levels of glycosylated hemoglobin. The trend in the levels of vitamin D levels in these categories of increasing HbA1c was identified.
Results:                                                                                    
Out of 219 Type II diabetic patients, 30.1% (66) were men while 69.9% (153) were women. The mean age was 59.48 ± 9.29 years. Similarly, HbA1c and serum vitamin D, were 9.47 ± 2.88 and 18.63 ± 16.54, respectively. Overall, 59% of the patients were Vitamin D deficient. The decrease in Vitamin D levels was associated with an increase in glycosylated hemoglobin levels (p-value 0.002).
CONCLUSION:
Vitamin D deficiency in Type-II diabetes mellitus patients increases with increasing levels of glycosylated hemoglobin.
 
KEYWORDS:
Diabetes Mellitus, Type II Diabetes, HBA1c, Vitamin D.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penerima Bantuan Sosial Menggunakan Metode Multi-Factor Evaluation Process (MFEP) pada Dinas Sosial Tanjungpinang
Authors: Setiawan Hendi , Darian Tommy
Published: March 2023

Salah Penelitian ini disusun berdasarkan hasil analisis terhadap sistem yang sedang berjalan serta hasil perancangan sistem yang dilaksanakan pada Dinas Sosial Kota Tanjungpinang. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan data penilaian untuk seleksi penerima bantuan Rumah Tidak Layak Huni (RS-RTLH) surat masuk masih menggunakan sistem manual yaitu belum menggunakan sebuah sistem sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang relatif lebih lama dan kurang efisien ketika akan menentukan keputusan. Untuk memperbaiki kekurangan yang ada pada sistem yang sedang berjalan, sebuah sistem baru dirancang agar dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektifitas dalam penilaian penyeleksian penerima bantuan dirancang sebuah sistem dapat agar dapat membantu pegawai dinas sosial untuk membuat sistem pendukung keputusan untuk penyeleksian penerima bantuan denga metode MFEP. Aplikasi ini dibangun dengan menggunakan Bahasa pemrograman Visual Basic dan database MySQL, metodologi yang digunakan adalah metode waterfall. Dengan adanya sistem dan aplikasi yang baru ini, diharapkan dapat menigkatkan efisiensi terhadap kinerja yang ada pada instansi.
Sistem Informasi Publik Sekretariat DPRD Kabupaten Malinau
Authors: Henri Henri Tetiawadi , Lumadi Lumadi
Published: March 2023

Sekretariat DPRD sebagai salah satu organisasi publik yang di dalamnya terdapat berbagai macam kepentingan, baik kepentingan organisasi, kepentingan masyarakat maupun kepentingan individu yang harus segera terpenuhi. Berkaitan dengan kepentingan tersebut maka perlu diperhatikan secara cermat oleh Sekretariat DPRD dalam sistem pengelolaan dan penyajian informasi yang akurat, relevan dan tepat waktu pada masyarakat publik. Dalam pelayanan informasi kepada publik Sekretariat DPRD masih memiliki beberapa kendala, walaupun saat ini sudah menggunakan teknologi komputer. Akan tetapi komputer yang digunakan hanya berfungsi untuk menyimpan data informasi yang sifatnya yang tidak bisa diakses langsung oleh masyarakat publik. Selain itu juga dalam penyampaian informasi mengenai kegiatan-kegiatan kedewanan maupun kegiatan Sekretariat DPRD masih bersifat konvensional dan cara untuk mempublikasinya melalui pihak ketiga, karena sekretariat DPRD Kabupaten Malinau belum memiliki media yang tepat dan belum memiliki aplikasi yang dapat mengelola sistem informasi publik yang sifatnya online.

Website adalah salah satu media informasi berbasis internet yang mampu memenuhi kebutuhan informasi tersebut. Informasi mengenai dunia usaha dan bisnis banyak tersedia di Internet dan dapat digunakan oleh siapapun secara cuma-cuma. Selain itu website juga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media periklanan, transaksi dan penyampaian informasi oleh perusahaan atau suatu lembaga organisasi baik bisnis maupun non bisnis. Informasi yang disediakan dapat berupa promosi suatu produk, layanan publik, keberadaan suatu instansi dan lain sebagainya.

Peneliti melakukan penelitian yang berkaitan dengan sistem informasi publik pada Sekretariat DPRD Kabupaten Malinau dan memberikan usulan rancangan aplikasi yang disusun menjadi sebuah sistem informasi untuk layanan publik.
Sistem Informasi Geografis Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) di Kota Tanjungpinang berbasis Android
Authors: Aggry Saputra  , Rhoelly Rhoelly Rizqianandha Tawaqal , Frederick Aurora Elsa Shafira
Published: March 2023

The increasing economic growth in Tanjungpinang City, which is the main gateway for tourists who will visit various tourist destinations on the island of Bintan, has caused many Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises units to appear in the city of Tanjungpinang. According to data from the Tanjungpinang City Manpower Office, there are 14,687 Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanjungpinang city. However, the distribution map of the number of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises is not known with certainty, so this makes it quite difficult for the government to provide assistance programs to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises which are spread across the city of Tanjungpinang. This can be overcome if the Office of Manpower, Cooperatives and Micro Enterprises of Tanjungpinang City has an application that is able to visualize the distribution map of every Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanjungpinang City and is always up to date and uses an Android-based system and is integrated with the database. Designing Android-based applications using GPS will make it easier to map locations, in this case, UMKM in Tanjungpinang City. It is hoped that with this application, users and the government will find it easier to know the whereabouts of MSMEs and what products are occupied or produced by these MSMEs.
Klasifikasi Tingkat Dehidrasi Berdasarkan Warna Urin Menggunakan Metode KNN
Authors: Zulfachmi Zulfachmi , Syahputra Andi Firman , Indra Prasetyo Bayu , Elsa Shafira Aurora
Published: March 2023

Tubuh manusia sangat membutuhkan cairan, untuk membantu dalam menjalan fungsi normalnya, jika manusia kekuarangan cairan maka tubuh akan mengalami gangguan dalam menjalankan fungsinya, kekurangan cairan ini disertai oleh gangguan elektrolit dalam tubuh dikarenakan kekuarangan natrium dan air dalam tubuh. Kondisi ini dinamakan dehidrasi. Dehidrasi dibagi menjadi dua tingkatan yaitu dehidrasi ringan dan berat. Penyebab dehidrasi selain kurangnya meminum cairan, dehidrasi juga dapat disebabkan oleh faktor iklim atau cuaca panas dan juga dapat disebabkan oleh faktor kegiatan fisik yang menguras tenaga yang dapat membuat manusia kekurangan cairan tubuh melalui keringat. Untuk mengetahui apakah seseorang terkena dehidrasi atau tidak dapat dilihat melalui warna urinnya. Untuk mempermudah dalam mengklasifikasi seseorang mengalami dehidrasi atau tidak maka dapat menggunakan sistem pengolahan citra. Dalam penelitian ini penulis membuat sistem yang dapat melakukan klasifikasi apakah seseorang mengalami dehidrasi atau tidak melalui warna urin yang telah diubah menjadi citra digital dan diproses ke dalam sistem yang dibuat menggunakan Mathlab, dan menggunakan metode K-Nearest Neighbor. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah penulis lakukan, persentase dari tingkat akurasi dari metode K-Nearest Neighbor adalah 86,67 persen dengan jumlah klasifikasi akurat berjumlah 26 dan jumlah klasifikasi yang tidak akurat berjumlah 4 dari 30 sampel yang didapat dari partisipan yang berasal dari mahasiswa kampus STT Indonesia Tanjungpinang.
“Anaokulu Öğretmeni” Filmi Çerçevesinde Okul Öncesi Dönemde Üstün Yetenekli Çocuklar
Authors: KAYA Nisa G. , MERTOL Hüseyin , İNCE Beyza
Published: March 2023

Özel gereksinimli çocukların erken tanılanması ve erken dönemde özel eğitime başlanması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Üstün yetenekli çocuklar, akranlarından önemli ölçüde hızlı gelişim özellikleri göstermelerinin yanı sıra yaratıcılık potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu bağlamda, özel eğitim gereksinimi olan üstün yetenekli çocukların da yeteneklerinin erken çocukluk döneminde belirlenmesi ve yetenekleri doğrultusunda gelişimlerinin desteklenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2018 yılı Amerika Birleşik Devletleri yapımı olan “Anaokulu Öğretmeni” adlı film çerçevesinde okul öncesi dönemde üstün yetenekli çocukların özelliklerini ve özel eğitim gereksinimlerini incelemektir. Film, bir anaokulu öğretmeninin sınıfında şiir yazma konusunda üstün yetenekli olan bir çocuğu keşfetme sürecini ve öğretmen-aile işbirliğinin kurulamayışını konu edinmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Okul öncesi eğitim, üstün yeteneklilik ve üstün yetenekli çocukların eğitimi olmak üzere üç tema belirlenmiştir. Bu üç tema altında yer alan içeriklere uygun olarak alt temalar belirlenerek film analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere dayanarak, üstün yetenekli okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının tanılanması ve eğitimi konusunda hem okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin hem de ailelerin bilgi sahibi olmaları ve işbirliği yapmaları gerektiği söylenebilir.
No-Reference Framework for Image Quality Assessment
Authors: Abdalla Awad Abras Suhaila , Adam Abd Alshafy Hazeifa
Published: March 2023

The technological advances in computer and communication devices have been an important factor in the appearance for the applications of visual communication. Image quality assessment is one of the pillars for these applications. It is a measure to assess the quality of images. There are many degradations in image quality that occur during the reproduction and transmission of the image. This paper aims to introduce a framework of No-Reference Image Quality Assessment. The framework provides a general estimation for three types of image distortions which are sharpness, blackness, and noisiness. Based on this framework, experiments have been conducted by the use of two datasets (LIVE database, CSIQ database). The results of the experiments have shown that we have introduced a more precise framework of No-Reference Image Quality Assessment.
Design of Smart College Using Raspberry Pi
Authors: Mohammed Abdulwahab Mortada , Omer Hussam , Omer Asaad , Ayoub Omer
Published: March 2023

Smart College refers to the technologies that have been developed to satisfy the needs of students and teachers in order to feel more confident in the education environment. These technologies facilitate the process of entry and exit and help to organize the time, these technologies also save the use of energy. The proposed design in this paper offers a complete control of all the electronic devices in the hall, whether within the collage or remotely from any place outside the college by using either android system or Wi-Fi technology. The design guarantees the system security, it does not allow anyone who is not authorized to enter or access it. The basic architecture of this design consists of raspberry pi device, group of drivers and relays .The system enables the manager of it to adjust the operation time of gates which controls the opening and closing time of the doors at specific time selected by the manager. This paper also includes a survey of most of the existed works related to this field. The proposed system has been experimentally proven to work successfully and it has high level of reiliabity and authentication.
On The Effects of Equal Weights on the Derived Parameters From Least Squares Solution
Authors: H. Seedahmed Gamal
Published: March 2023

Equal weighting is a general strategy in the least squares solutions to reflect the equal contribution of observations that were obtained, for example, by identical measurement systems or similar measurement procedures or algorithms. This type of weighting can be imposed either implicitly or explicitly. Implicit weighting takes the form of an identity weight matrix while explicit weighting is imposed by a weight matrix of equal and known variance value of the observations. Through theoretical and numerical demonstrations, this paper shows that equal weights do not affect the estimated parameters and the residuals in the least squares solution. Moreover, for a relatively large set of observations, the estimated variance component converges to the variance of the original observations in the case of the implicit weighting; and it converges to a value that is very close to one in the case of explicit weighting. In addition, the posterior variance-covariance or dispersion matrices in the implicit and explicit cases are very close to each other after the adjustment. In this study, Monte Carlo simulation was used to generate numerical values of random noise from a normal distribution. This random noise was added to the coordinates of a straight-line for practical evaluation of the proposed arguments.
Effect of Soil Stiffness on the Design Parameters of Stiffened Raft Foundation on a Highly Expansive Soil
Authors: G. Omer Omer , Elarabi H. , M. Elsharief Ahmed
Published: March 2023

This paper evaluates the effect of soil stiffness on the design parameters of a stiffened raft on an expansive soil of high potential for swelling. The evaluation was based on a finite element program originally developed by Wray [8]. The input soil parameters were measured in the laboratory for a highly expansive soil from Central Sudan. Soil Young’s Modulus was measured at varying moisture conditions using the unconfined compression test. The effects of soil modulus on moments, shear forces and differential deflection were investigated for a case study of a light residential building founded on the tested soil. Evaluation was made using different values of measured and assumed heave and end penetration. Results showed that the modulus of elasticity decreased as water content of the soil increased. The determined results of the finite element program suggested that, generally, the magnitude of longitudinal, traverse moments, shear forces, and differential deflection increased with increase in the soil modulus of elasticity and that the heave values affected the results.
Pixel-Vernier: A General Image-Based Approach For Particle Size Distribution Estimation
Authors: H. Seedahmed Gamal , L. Ward Andy
Published: March 2023

Particle size distribution estimation (PSDE) is a fundamental task for heterogeneous materials characterization and modeling. This paper presents a general image-based approach for PSDE, which is called collectively “Pixel-Vernier” or PV for short. Meaningful image segmentation is the main problem to be solved for image-based PSDE. To this end, the proposed approach combines markers-controlled watershed segmentation with a clustering algorithm to solve the delineation of the boundaries of the particles. The combined approach is embedded in a coarse-to-fine strategy using a one training parameter to adapt the algorithm to the underlying distributions of the particle size. This training parameter is restricted to the size of an averaging filter. PV decomposes the image into separate particle regions. The final results of these regions are used to compute several geometric attributes for particles such as the semi-major axis, the semi-minor axis, and the equivalent diameter. Then, the geometric attributes of all the particles are used to estimate size distribution and relevant statistics. PV can be used in a laboratory as well as in a field setting. It is tested successfully on a diverse set of images that represent materials like soils, texture, rocks, and Mars surface geology.
A Comparative Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Amlodipine (5mg)
Authors: A. Hussein Rawnag , A. Mustafa Mustafa
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study is to evaluate the pharmaceutical properties of three brands of Amlodipine (5mg) for local and international pharmaceutical companies. The main aim is to evaluate whether compliance with the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) is implemented for physical and chemical parameters including: assay, dissolution, hardness, thickness, length and disintegration. A HPLC device was used in the assay test to determine the percentage of the labeled amount of amlodipine (active ingredient) in the portion of tablets or capsules. Results of assay test showed that values for Norvasc, Myodipine and Nordip were 97.83%, 95.31%, and 93.64% respectively, which are within the acceptable range of 90-110% of the labeled amount of amlodipine. UV-VisibleSpectrometer was used in dissolution test to measure the percentage of dissolved amlodipine. Results of dissolution test showed that values for Norvasc, Myodipine and Nordip were 99.795%, 99.415% and 96.61 respectively, which are all within the acceptable range of not less than 75% of the labeled amount of dissolved amlodipine. Tablets andcapsules were subjected to various physical tests which included hardness, thickness, length and disintegration. Results were statistically analyzed as per USP official methods. The study concluded that all brands of Amlodipine Besylate showed satisfactory results for the chemical and physical tests.
Transient Stability of Multi-Machine Wind Turbine Generators System Connected to the Power Network
Authors: Y. Elsharif Ayat , Z. Yahia Elfadil , R. Doud Kamal
Published: March 2023

currently worldwide installed capacity of the network connected wind generators grows rapidly; this rise of integration rate of wind energy could lead to circulation of transient stability and could potentially cause local or system wide blackout. This paper presents a recovery strategy that enables the system of HVDC transmission systems based on voltage source converter, which transmit electrical power from the wind turbines to the power network, to ride-through different positions of ac faults with smallest amount current and voltage stresses on the converter switching devices. Issue such as control strategies for a VSC-HVDC conduction system connecting offshore wind farms to the power network is discussed. The results show that the transient stability study of the system is widely different when the faults occur in neither wind side nor power network side. The DC link voltage behaves similarly to the AC voltage. However when the AC fault occurs in the wind side stations either for ac voltage or DC voltage the system behavior does not return to its normal operation after the fault is cleared. A reduced network model has been implemented in MATLAB/ SIMULINK to assess control performance during the fault.
Technical Efficiency of Sugar Industry in Sudan: Stochastic Frontier Approach
Authors: Onour Ibrahim
Published: March 2023

This paper employs Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to estimate technical efficiency of major sugar producers in Sudan, that includes Kenana Sugar Company and four producers of Sudan sugar company (SSC) which include Sennar, Assalaya, New Halfa, and Al-Genied manufacturers. The production function of sugar output employs three inputs: capital, labor, irrigated area. The finding of the paper indicate technical inefficiency (distance from optimum production frontier) of Sudan sugar company is about 8 percent, implying output loss of (5,000) tons of sugar per annum for each producer. Estimation results in the paper also indicate Kenana Sugar Company is performing at the highest level of efficiency in the group with only 0.12 percent inefficiency level. The output loss due to such technical inefficiency for Kenana Sugar Company is estimated 360 tons of sugar per annum. The finding in the paper also indicate a major source of the inefficiency of SSC producers is over staff of employment (decreasing return to scale to labour input) and under utilization of the available capital inputs (increasing return to scale to capital input).
Laboratory Study of Steel Slag Used for Stabilizing Expansive Soil
Authors: M. E. Zumrawi Magdi , Abdel-Aziz Ali Babikir Alaa
Published: March 2023

This paper presents an experimental study in stabilization of expansive soil using Steel Slag (SS). Experimental program was conducted to evaluate the influence of Steel Slag on improving the engineering properties of expansive clay. A series of tests to measure consistency limits, free swell index, compaction parameters and unconfined compressive strength of natural and stabilized soils. The effectiveness of adding 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 percentages of SS to the soil was studied. Comparing the results obtained for the natural and stabilized soils, revealed that SS has significant effect on strength parameters and considerable improvement in plasticity and swelling properties. Addition of SS to the soil increased the dry density and decreased the optimum moisture content as well as increased the unconfined compressive strength. It is concluded that the use of steel slag to enhance properties of expansive soil is successful and beneficial.
Solution Gas-Oil Ratios Correlation for Sudanese Crude Oil
Authors: A. Osman Nagi , Awad Elkareem Abd Alshakoor , A. Rabah Ali
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to provide a proposed correlation for Sudanese crude oil in order to estimate solution gas oil- ratio directly without depending on laboratory measurements.There are many correlations that were utilized for a number of international crude oils. However, because the components of crude differ from region to region, it is difficult to use any specified correlation for different regions and that is simply because each region has its own properties. The core hypothesis of this paper is to find that there is a correlation between the solution gas- oil ratios as a function of the physical properties of the critical temperature, critical pressure, normal boiling temperature, bubble point pressure and gas specific gravity. In these the logarithmic regression method on Microsoft Excel Statistics Package programme used to find this correlation. The obtained results should that there are coefficients for correlation pilot. The correlations were tested using laboratory data in order to justify their accuracy and usefulness using statistical tools and graphics. The results obtained well agreed with laboratory results .The results were compared with other values obtained from international correlations which are used to calculate the solution gas oil ratio.The study indicates that this new correlation can predict well the solution gas oil ratio for Sudanese crude oil when compared to any other known correlations.
A Methodology for Checking the Validity of an Existing Contour Map Using RTK-GPS and GIS
Authors: H. Seedahmed Gamal
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a methodology for checking the validity of the height information of an existing contour map using RTK-GPS measurements and GIS analysis. In particular, 3D profiles were measured in the field by RTK-GPS. The same 3D profiles were extracted from a scanned and geo-referenced contour map using GIS. The height information from the two data sets of 3D profiles were compared in the absolute and relative sense. Thiscomparison reveals two aspects about the two data sets. First, the two data sets from the RTK-GPS measurementsand the existing maps are very similar in terms of shape, which suggest that both of them they capture the same underlying trend of the topography. Second, the maximum relative RMSE is  0.939 m in the first 3D profile that goes from the west to the east. The relative RMSE is a very important measure since it does not depend on the changes that may happened to the vertical datum (benchmark). These two findings leave us with two options. First, to accept the existing contour map; and this acceptance should be judged in light of the overall requirements and the design criteria of the project. For example, a global compensation can be made to accommodate the maximum variation in the topographic surface for an irrigation project. This compensation does not give any information about the local variation of the topography that may impact, for instance, a pivot irrigation design. Second, to redo the survey work. Indeed, both options are associated with obvious and hidden risks that may not be trivial during thedesign stage of the project. The first option can be accepted on the basis of a global compensation parameters that will be obtained from the comparison tests. And the second option will come with an instantaneous financial burden.
Trips Production in Khartoum State
Authors: O. Medani T. , M. S. Zeidan A. , El Niema A.
Published: March 2023

The rapid increase in population, fast urbanization and change, high demand for public transport in Khartoum State necessitates development of a proper transportation plan for the state, to enable predicting the impacts that various policies and programs will have on travel. Travel demand forecasting is an essential part of the transportation planning process and trip production is the first step in the concept of four steps travel demand model. In this paper a model for trip production in Khartoum State is proposed. The trip generation model is based on data collected by the Ministry of Infrastructures and Transportation and a consultant in the period 2008-2011. The exclusion of incomplete data and outliers and the consideration of the car ownership in the development of the model, has resulted in a more realistic estimate of the number of trips produced than those predicted by the currently adopted model of Khartoum State. The results of this study predict the number of daily trips in the year 2035 at 9.56 million person-trips, creating a demand of 6.69 million person-trip/days to be covered by public transport. This will necessitate huge investments in mass transit systems to accommodate the uprising demand.
Dynamic Stability Control of Sudan National Grid Using Power System Stabilizer
Authors: Hassan Ibrahim , Ramadan Kamal , Hamuda Elamin
Published: March 2023

Application of power system stabilizers (PSS), as supplementary control signals for the excitation system in order to damp the low frequency, generator angle, speed variation, generator power, voltage magnitude and power flow oscillations. This paper presents the application of robust decentralized power system stabilizer (PSS) design approaches, for Sudan power system which consists of 41 machines with 167 buses. The paper mainly focus on operator testing of robust decentralized control techniques for power systems, and the optimal control approach to robust control design. Results of robust decentralized control design approaches are defined by using state space model equations. Also for testing dynamic stability Lyapunov theorem is used. The simulations were carried out using symmetrical fault and results presented by Power System Analysis Toolbox, MATLAB.
Development of an Empirical Coefficient for the Short Circuit Current to Determine Soiling Effect on PV Performance
Authors: Younis Abubaker , Onsa Mahmoud , Alhorr Yousef , Elsarrag Esam
Published: March 2023

In this study, the effect of dust accumulation on the performance of photovoltaic (PV) module has been shown. A statistical analysis has been conducted on a medium sized sample data collected from 30 hours of experimental work to obtain an empirical coefficient like temperature coefficients of short circuit current and open circuit voltage usually provided by manufacturers. This coefficient will be named dust coefficient of short circuit current and it will represent a predefined range of environmental conditions and soiling amounts; as the available testing conditions, and the statistical model prediction limits bound the coefficient extent of applicability.
A Compact Cryptosystem Design of Triple-DES
Authors: Mohamed Abdelwahab Murtada
Published: March 2023

Symmetric encryption algorithms are widely used in the field of information security due to the rapid increasing need to pass information via computer networks and communication technology. All symmetric algorithms are commonly used the same key for encryption and decryption. Triple-Data Encryption algorithm TDEA is a type of symmetric encryption methods. The proposed algorithm consists of triple-keys used through three stages of single round DES design. The proposed implementation in this paper is optimized in terms of chip area and performance speed. The results are concluded in terms of chip area performance and performance per area. The comparison results with similar encryption algorithms are satisfying and very competitive.
Improving QoS for Real-time Traffic using Multiple Low Latency Queueing Scheduling Mechanisms
Authors: Yousif Iman Mudathir , Abdelrahman AbuelMaaly , Ali Hamad Abbas Mohammad
Published: March 2023

In this work, a Multiple Low Latency Queuing scheduling mechanism model is developed to improve the QoS performance for real time and critical mission data traffic in LTE mobile networks. The main objective of this model is to achieve minimum delay and improve the QoS for real time applications (like Live Video and Voice over LTE). In addition, issues likestarvation of lower priority queues and bandwidth allocation are addressed. The model is composed of four components, first, classifier to classify the incoming traffic in router interface. Second, four Class Based Weighted Fair Queues (CBWFQ) scheduling mechanisms, with activation of strict priority feature in the first two queues. Third, two separate rate limiters (policers), one for each strict priority queue. Two scenarios are designed and simulated using Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET). The results show that, in the case of Multiple Low Latency Queuing scheduling mechanism model, the real time traffic suffers less delay compared to the case of existing scheduling mechanisms like (Custom Queuing, Priory Queuing, CBWFQ and Low Latency Queuing). On the other hand, the model also addressed the starvation of lower-priority queuesproblem.
Design and Manufacturing of a Low Cost 3 Axis CNC Router Machine
Authors: I Adam Mudawi , Elhussein Amr , Khogali Awab
Published: March 2023

Computer numerical controlled machines (CNC) are playing a huge role in the Industry today. It is capable of producing complex parts in large volumes along with keeping high level of accuracy. This paper presents a simple design of a 3 axis CNC routing Machine. The machine is driven by stepper motors utilizing lead screws and guides manufactured in a local workshop using conventional manufacturing techniques. The machine is controlled by Mach-3 open source software connected to the machine via parallel port and a breakout board which is connected directly to stepper motors. The hand calculation for the design of the lead screws and the sizing of the motor were carried out. The 3D model was built using Computer aided design software. After the fabrication experimental tests were conducted to measure the performance and the accuracy of the CNC.
Automatic Extraction of Corner Points from Aerial Images Using Point-Feature Operators and Hough Transform
Authors: Eltahir Idris Mohamed , H. Seedahmed Gamal
Published: March 2023

Low-level feature extraction such as lines and points (i.e. corners), forms a fundamental step in digital photogrammetry and other fields. They supply the inputs for the photogrammetric orientation procedures; and they serve as an intermediate input for other processes such as object recognition. With the accumulation of knowledge, the research community is in a better position to develop new generations of smart algorithms and solutions that possess a new level of maturity and understanding for the underlying challenges of automation. To this end, this paper presents an innovative approach for corner point extraction that combines the outputs from classical point feature operators with Hough Transform to generate a better hypothesis for a corner point that can be used for applications in urban areas. In particular, extracted point features were used to guide line extraction in a local neighbourhood by Hough Transform. Then the corner points that will be obtained from lines intersection in this local neighbourhood will be compared with their nearby ones that were extracted by point feature operators. Based on passing a set of criteria, the intersection points from lines will replace the point feature as aset of potential corner points. Experimental findings show promising results of the proposed approach that raises the confidence level of the extracted corners and eliminating outliers.
Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Keterampilan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi Pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Kelas VII Mts Al Raisiyah Sekarbela Mataram
Authors: Ningsih Destiya Ayu , Ali Harris Yusuf
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kurikulum 2013 yang disusun oleh pemerintah yang diharapkan siswa mampu memuat keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pelaksanaan pembelajaran keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi dalam perencanaan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan pembelajaran, penilaian pembelajaran dan instrument penilaian pembelajaran kelas VII MTs Al Raisiyah Sekarbela pada mata pelajaran IPA. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan penelitian studi kasus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu peserta didik dan guru IPA kelas VII MTs Al Raisiyah Sekarbela. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan observasi, dokumentasi, wawancara dan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan Skala likert dan kata kerja oprasional dari teori Andreson dan Karthwohl untuk menganalisis RPP dan soal penilaian akhir tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perencanaan pembelajaran didominasi oleh kecakapan berpikir tingkat rendah, walaupun terdapat kecakapan berpikir tingkat tinggi pada salah satu indikator pembelajaran. Dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran, guru sudah mengarah pada keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi, meskipun guru belum sepenuhnya mengaplikasikan seluruh keterampilan 4C dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Dalam penilaian pembelajaran masih terdapat kemampuan yang kadang-kadang diterapkan yaitu berpikir kritis dan kreativitas, sementara itu kemampuan kolaborasi dan komunikasi sudah sering diterapkan. Instrument penilaian keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi melalui penilaian soal akhir tahun mengacu pada keterampilan berpikir tingkat rendah. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi pada mata pelajaran IPA kelas VII MTs Al Raisiyah belum sepenuhnya mengacu pada keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Hal ini perlu adanya perbaikan dalam rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran dan instrument penilaian agar terciptanya kegiatan pembelajaran yang mengacu pada keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi
Prevalence of cytomegalovirus IgG antibodies among women in Buguma, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Iheanyi Omezuruike Okonko  , Ibifubara George  , Blessing Jachinma Okonko  , Cynthia Chizoba Ogbuji  , Blessing Obiageri Amadi
Published: March 2023

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous virus that belongs to the family of herpes virus. CMV causes serious illness in immuno-compromised patients and congenitally infected neonates. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of the immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies to cytomegalovirus among women in Buguma-City, Rivers State, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 93 women from Buguma-City Health Centre between February and August 2022. Serum obtained from the blood samples was examined for CMV IgG antibodies by ELISA method. Among the 93 women investigated, 89 (95.7%) were seropositive for Cytomegalovirus IgG antibodies. A total prevalence rate of 100.0% was recorded in the age group of 20 to 30 years, with the highest prevalence, while 89.5% was found in the age group of 31 to 56 years. Among the 38 single women, all were found to be seropositive (100.0%) for Cytomegalovirus antibodies, while 51 (92.7%) of the 55 married women were seropositive. The women with a secondary level of education had a higher prevalence of 97.0% than those with a tertiary level of education, which had a prevalence of 95.0%. The unemployed women had a higher prevalence (95.8%) than the employed, which had a prevalence of 95.7%. The results were statistically significant with age (p = 0.01). There was no significant association (p>0.05) between CMV infection, marital status, education and occupation. The high prevalence of CMV infection observed in this study indicates that the virus is prevalent in the study area. Therefore, routine screening for CMV infection is advisable for all antenatal women in the State.
Naturopathy in the Management of Chronic Diseases
Authors: ÖNSÜZ Ünal , ADIGÜZEL ÖNSÜZ Cemile
Published: March 2023

Naturopathic medicine aims to identify factors that affect the patient's current state, with a focus on improving health thro-ugh health promotion, promotion, and disease prevention. By using different treatment modalities among complementary and alternative methods, the least harmful and most effective approaches in improving the ability to improve and maintain health are presented in line with personalized evidence-based treatments. There are six basic principles of naturopathy. These; first of all, do no harm, the healing power of nature, identifying and treating causes, teaching, treating and preventing the per-son as a whole. Observational practice results and clinical trial data report the efficacy of naturopathy in multiple chronic health conditions with high morbidity, including cardiovascular risk, hypertension, depression, anxiety, low back pain, and type 2 diabetes. In addition, it has been reported that changing patient behavior in various chronic diseases may affect the prognosis of patients. Although naturopathic approaches are both traditional and innovative approaches, there seems to be very limited evidence due to the lack of extensive experimental studies using these approaches. The aim of this article is to raise awareness about naturopathy, which is a complementary approach in the management of chronic diseases.
Consumer food prices: recent developmentsin the euro area and Spain
Authors: Borrallo Fructuoso , Cuadro-Sáez Lucía , Pacce Matías , Sánchez Isabel
Published: March 2023

Rationale

Food prices have lately grown at rates unprecedented in recent decades. A detailed comparative analysis of these developments and their determinants from an international perspective is therefore interesting, focusing especially on dairy and cereals, given their high weight in the consumption basket and the strength of their inflation.

Takeaways

•Food inflation in Spain has not been particularly different from that recorded in the euro area. However, its contribution to headline inflation has been greater because of food’s higher weight in Spain’s consumption basket.

•The prices of virtually all foods are rising, albeit with considerable heterogeneity.

•Different essentially global factors, which affected food commodity supply and production costs, have been the main determinants of food price developments, as illustrated by dairy and cereals.
DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM DOSE OF MIXING WASTEWATER WWTP (WAST WATER TREATMENT PLANT) WITH HOT WATER PRODUCTION LEMATANG RIVER AS OF PARAMETERS PH, CONDUCTIVITY, TURBIDITY, AND SILICA USE COAGULANT PAC IN PT.X
Authors: Amiliza Miarti
Published: March 2023

Water rivers Lematang commonly used by the community to meet the needs of households and industry around the region . The industry that uses Lematang river water is PLTU as its raw material for production . Apart from that, PLTU also produces liquid waste. The liquid waste comes from ( wast water treatment plant ) which can still be utilized because it has a turbidity value that is still below the max 5 NTU and the pH is still between 6 to 9 . Regarding this,power plant power plant Banjarsari apply the principles of waste control carefully and integrated namely Systems Wastewater Treatment ( Waste Water Treatment Plant ) . In the processing process, it acts as a purifier for a mixture of Lemaang river water and wastewater.  Menggunakan coagulant (Poly Aluminum cloride) so it can be reused as water the additional production. The results showed that the mixture of lematang river water with waste water (wast water treatment plant) was 60% : 40% , this indicates the use of the optimum dose as production water. waste water can be used as additional water to be used as production water  because the pH value is 7.65; conductivity 187.6; turbidity 4.45; and silica 1.92 . Based on the results of research by utilizing river water and waste water the most effective is the dose ratio of 60%: 40% .
Health education in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant unit
Authors: Schrader Josele Da Rocha , Amaral Gabriela Gonçalves , Pereira Bárbara Silvestre da Silva , Marques Genaine Mendes , Louro Thiago Quinellato , Andrade Silmara Nunes , Oliveira Valeria Conceição de , Pinto Ana Cristina Silva
Published: March 2023

Objectives: To describe the experience of planning and executing the development of health education actions at a public hospitalization unit for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Methodology: This is an experience report about health education actions performed by nursing professionals. The actions occur since 2014, with an interruption between 2020 and 2022, due to the pandemic of COVID-19, and are directed to patients undergoing transplantation, as well as their caregivers and or family members. Results: One of the main results achieved through the actions, is the promotion of self-care of patients, mediated by health education, respecting particularities and social context, in addition to the promotion of the reception of these and their caregivers. Final considerations: The elaboration and implementation of educational actions, as well as the use of health educational technologies, become fundamental for the promotion of self-care, adherence to treatment, as well as the welcoming of patients after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and their caregivers during the health-disease process.
اتجاهات اولياء امور طلبة المرحلة الثانوية نحو اختيار تدريس المناهج الاسرائيلية لأبنائهم في مدارس القدس الشرقية
Authors: ابوعصب ميرفت رجب
Published: March 2023

هدفت الدراسة الى الكشف عن اتجاهات اولياء أمور طلبة المرحلة الثانوية نحو تسجيل ابنائهم في المنهاج الاسرائيلي في مدارس القدس الشرقية بالبحث نحو الدوافع والأسباب. وتم فحص اتجاهات اولياء امور الطلبة نحو تدريس ابنائهم المناهج الاسرائيلية تبعا لمتغيرات النّوع الاجتماعي( الجندر)، المؤهل العلمي، نوع شهادة التعليم الثانوي والمستوى الاقتصادي للأهل. وللتحقق من أهداف الدّراسة استعملت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي حيث تم استهداف عينة عشوائية قوامها (143) استبانة تم جمعها من اجمالي 2500. وللتأكد من ملائمة الاستبانة لأهداف البحث تم تحكيمها قبل عملية التوزيع. حللت الاستبانة باستخدام برنامج الرزم الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية ((SPSS حيث تم عرض البيانات الوصفية وحساب المتوسطات الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية، وأظهرت نتائج الدّراسة أن اتجاهات اولياء الأمور بالقدس الشرقية نحو تسجيل ابنائهم في المنهاج الاسرائيلي في مدارس القدس الشرقية، إيجابية، مبررين ذلك  الى مجالين، الأول  يعتمد على طبيعة المدرسة معتمدين على "ان المنهاج الاسرائيلي يفتح مجالا امام الطالب لاختيار تخصص تواكب التقدم العلمي في المجتمع" ، أما المجال الثاني لاختيارهم المنهاج الاسرائيلي يعود الى طبيعة المنهاج مبررين بأن المدرسة تلبي اتجاهات الطلاب للتقدم لتخصصات متنوعة. وقد بينت الدراسة وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (α≤0.05) تعزى لمتغيرات النّوع الاجتماعي (الجندر (لصالح الاناث ، والمؤهل العلمي لصالح (البكالوريوس). ولنوع الشهادة الثانوية لولي الأمر لصالح المناهج الدولية. ولصالح معدل الدخل الشهري بين (10000-20000). واوصت الدراسة بأهمية اعادة النظر في المناهج الفلسطينية وتطويرها بما يتناسب مع سوق العمل والتطور العلمي. وتخصيص الموازنات اللازمة من قبل السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية لمواجهة التحديات المتعلقة بقطاع التعليم في القدس الشرقية.
Garnet Xenoliths in Andesitic Lavas of Lipari: New Geochemical Data to Provide Additional Information on the Metamorphic Basement Under the Aeolian Arc
Authors: Di Bella Marcella
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this paper is to discuss and interpret a comprehensive set of geochemical (major and trace elements) data for xenolithic garnets included in high-K andesites from Lipari Island (Aeolian Archipelago, Italy), with the aim to constraint the parent rocks. Since, among all the mineral phases, garnet has a high affinity for the heavy REE (Dy-Lu) and HFSE (Hf, Zr, Ti), we use it as petrogenetic indicator. The investigated xenoliths are mainly composed of cordierite, garnet and Al-silicates and are considered as fragments of the metamorphic Calabria-Peloritani Orogen inferred to be the basement beneath the Aeolian volcanoes. Xenolithic garnet from Lipari andesites and metamorphic garnets from rocks of Southern Calabria and Peloritani Mountains were sampled and analysed. Major elements were determined through ESEM, whereas trace elements were acquired using LA-ICP-MS. Two types of garnets were recognised on the base of major elements, one homogeneous and one zoned, whit an almandine-dominant composition. The comparison between major and trace elements data of xenolithic and metamorphic garnets allowed defining nature of the basement beneath Lipari Island, which is composed of: a) a metamorphic Unit similar to the kinzigitic ones for the unzoned crystals; b) a metamorphic unit similar to the Aspromonte and not outcropping in Sicily and in Calabria for the zoned garnets.