bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Children’s Perception Scale of Head Lice Infestation (CPS-HLI): Design and Psychometrics
Authors: Bekry Gona , Sarbakhsh Parvin , Allahverdipour Hamid , Shaghaghi Abdolreza
Published: July 2021

Background: Pediculosis is a common ectoparasitic infestation that involves especially the skin of children worldwide. Studying the children’s perception of the disease’s risk factors, the effectiveness of personal preventive measures, and its implications for their health could be a major leap forward in health promotion activities. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Children’s Perception Scale of Head Lice Infestation (CPS-HLI) and its initial feasibility assessment for use on Iranian and possibly other elementary school children. Methods: The scale’s items were retained based on an extensive literature search and classified into the underlying constructs of the extended health belief model (EHBM). An expert panel endorsed the qualitative content and face validity of the preliminary draft, and 47 items remained for quantitative validity testing on a sample of 362 elementary school students in the city of Paveh, West of Iran. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were employed to test the content and structural validity of the constructed instrument. Cronbach's alpha and intra-class correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the internal consistency and reliability of the scale. Results: The values of Lawshe's content validity index (0.90) and content validity ratio (0.77), the subscales’ Cronbach's alpha (0.59), and intra-class correlation (0.72) coefficients confirmed plausible internal consistency of the scale. The values of root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) (< 0.08 with χ2 < 0.05), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and comparative fit index (CFI) > 0.9 approved the applied statistical model’s goodness of fit. The ranges of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy for the underlying subscales (0.49 - 0.74) and the statistically significant result of Bartlett’s test of sphericity (P < 0.001) confirmed the patterned relationship among the constructed scale’s items. The principal component analysis that was performed using STATA favored the 11-factor solution. Conclusions: The study findings support the construct validity of CPS-HLI for use in studies on children’s perception of head lice infestation risk factors, the effectiveness of personal preventive measures, and the disease implications for their health and well-being. Further cross-cultural and cross-national validation studies are recommended for using the instrument in a wider range of populations and settings.
Extreme heat events and health vulnerabilities among immigrant and newcomer populations
Authors: Varickanickal Joann , Newbold K. Bruce
Published: July 2021

With higher temperatures linked to increased human morbidity and mortality, the projected increase in the number of extreme heat events (EHEs) due to climate change poses increased risks. Although the old, individuals with pre-existing illnesses, the socially isolated, and individuals with low income or low educational status are more vulnerable to the health effects of EHEs and are targeted in public health messaging, newcomers and immigrants may be less aware of the dangers of EHEs. The impacts of EHEs on the immigrant and newcomer population are not well documented in the Canadian context and the combination of a greater number of heat events and a growing and diverse immigrant population necessitates further exploration. Framed by intersectionality and using Hamilton, Ontario, as a case example, this work explores the barriers that may affect immigrant’s awareness of EHEs.
The Knight of Contemporary Russian Kantiana. On the 85th Birthday of Leonard Kalinnikov
Authors: Chaly Vadim A. , Lugovoy Sergey V. , Popova Varvara S. , Pushkarsky Anatoly G. , Zilber Andrey S.
Published: July 2021

This is a review of the main research achievements of Professor L. A. Kalinnikov presented in his articles and monographs. The theoretical issues of Kantianism considered in Kalinnikov’s works include the problem of cognisability of “the thing in itself” and noumenal affection, the character of systematicity in Kant’s philosophy and the methodology of its interpretation. Cycles of articles are devoted to the reception of Kant’s ideas in the philosophical and poetic work of V. S. Solovyov, Kant’s impact on A. S. Pushkin, A. A. Fet, and E. T. A. Hoffmann. These topics are elaborated in the monographs Immanuel Kant in Russian Poetry (2008), E. T. A. Hoffmann and I. Kant (2012), The Philosophical and Poetic Worldview of A. A. Fet: the Impact of I. Kant and A. Schopenhauer (2016), Pushkin and Kant. The Poet and Philosophy (2018), The Philosophical System of Kant. Conception and Outcomes (2021). L. A. Kalinnikov’s works form an impressive and original part of contemporary Russian Kantiana.
On the Stark broadening of Ru III spectral lines
Authors: Dimitrijevć Milan
Published: July 2021

Stark broadening parameters, full widths at half maximum (FWHM) and shifts for spectral lines within six multiplets of doubly charged ruthenium ions have been calculated, for an electron density of 10 17 cm-3 and temperature range from 10 000 K to 160 000 K. Calculations have been performed with the simplified modified semiempirical (SMSE) approach. In the case of two multiplets, it is possible to apply the full modified semiempirical method. The corresponding calculations have been performed and results are compared in order to test and determine the accuracy of the SMSE approach. The results are also used for the consideration of Stark width and shift regularities in Ru III spectrum
Établissements bilingues et gouvernance francophone : espoirs et déroute du projet universitaire des Franco-Ontariens (1945-2008)
Authors: Dupuis Serge
Published: July 2021

L’article présente les débuts du projet d’université défendu par les porte-parole franco-ontariens depuis les années 1960. D’abord, l’auteur procède à un rappel des grands moments qui ont jalonné le développement de l’enseignement supérieur en français en Ontario. Ensuite, il montre comment les gouvernements, les organismes francophones et les universités bilingues se sont engagés envers le développement de l’enseignement supérieur en français. Le texte aborde les thèmes de la francisation des universités bilingues, l’élargissement de l’accès aux programmes en français, l’autonomie administrative des francophones et le réseautage des programmes en français dans une nouvelle structure. Au tournant du 21e siècle, le projet de création d’une université par et pour les francophones est apparu comme la réponse la plus cohérente à plus de 40 ans d’expérimentation de solutions plus ou moins satisfaisantes, et ce, malgré l’augmentation de l’offre de programmes en français dans les établissements bilingues. Enfin, l’article permet de dresser un bilan de la situation et d’esquisser des pistes de réflexion pour l’avenir de l’enseignement supérieur en français en Ontario.
How is the face formed and when it goes wrong: In relation to Cleft Lip/Palate
Authors: Khan Fozia
Published: July 2021

The normal development of the face relies upon the correct morphogenesis of structures in utero that usually occurs within the first trimester of embryonic life. The face is a very complex structure involving many genes and factors and with it being such a crucial part of life, both physically and aesthetically and therefore mentally, its important for everything to be just right. However, when the normal process doesn’t go to plan this results in dysmorphogenesis, which cleft lip and palate (CLP) is an example of as the lip/palate doesn’t fuse together and the infant is left with a gap. Although the exact cause of CLP is unknown, it is thought to be a mixture of genetics, environment and the teratogens the mothers are exposed to within the environment. This report will demonstrate the normal development of the face for the purpose of understanding how it goes wrong, resulting in CLP. Since there is still a lot to be understood about CLP it will also shed light on recent advances in relating SHH and certain genes as a possible cause for this dysmorphogenesis. The report will also briefly look at the relation of CLP with the genes associated with syndromic and non-syndromic diseases and the different types of CLP. There are many other facial defects that are a result of dysmorphogenesis, however as CLP is one of the most common yet poorly understood facial defect, it will be the main focus of this report.
Bowel function and symptoms after surgical resection of deep endometriosis
Authors: Partridge Lucy
Published: July 2021

No abstract
Childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation in Chinese children and adolescents: the mediation of resilience
Authors: Chen Xue , Jiang Linling , Liu Yi , Ran Hailiang , Yang Runxu , Xu Xiufeng , Lu Jin , Xiao Yuanyuan
Published: July 2021

Background

Childhood maltreatment could increase the risk of suicidal ideation (SI) in adolescents. However, the mediation of resilience in this association remains unclear.

Methods

A population-based cross-sectional study has been done among 3,146 Chinese adolescents. We collected relevant information from the study participants by using self-administered questionnaire. Chinese version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RSCA), and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI) were used to measure childhood maltreatment, resilience, and SI, respectively. Univariate and multivariate binary Logistic regression models were employed to estimate crude and adjusted associations between childhood maltreatment, resilience, and SI. Path analysis has subsequently been performed to measure the mediation of resilience in this association.

Results

Multivariate Logistic regression models revealed that compared to non-abused counterparts, adolescents who had ever experienced any type of childhood maltreatment was 1.74 times likely to report SI. Among the specific types of childhood maltreatment, emotional abuse showed the strongest association with SI (adjusted OR = 3.01, 95% CI [2.37–3.82]). Path model suggested that over one-third (39.8%) of the total association between childhood maltreatment and SI was mediated via resilience. Emotion regulation and interpersonal assistance were the most prominent mediators among all dimensions of resilience.

Conclusions

Resilience played as a significant mediator in the association between childhood maltreatment and SI. Resilience-oriented intervention measures could be considered for suicidal risk prevention among abused Chinese adolescents.
Интервью с Г.А.Ефимовым. «Т-клеточный иммунитет гораздо лучше защищен от мутаций вируса, чем гуморальный», "Природа"
Authors: Ефимов Г.А.
Published: July 2021

В ответ на коронавирусную инфекцию, как и на любую другую, наш организм мобилизует две системы иммунной защиты — антитела и Т-лимфоциты, или Т-клетки. Гуморальный ответ на инфекцию SARS-CoV-2 (выработка антител, которые перехватывают вирус и не позволяют ему заразить клетку) изучен довольно хорошо, чего не скажешь про Т-клеточный*. Однако именно Т-лимфоциты не только обнаруживают и уничтожают инфицированные клетки, но и влияют на долговременную иммунную память. Как исследуют Т-клеточный иммунитет Есть ли отличия в его формировании у людей, переболевших COVID-19, и вакцинированных Защитят ли вакцины, созданные к изначальному варианту SARS-CoV-2, от его мутантов На эти и другие вопросы ответил кандидат биологических наук Григорий Александрович Ефимов, заведующий лабораторией трансплантационной иммунологии Национального медицинского исследовательского центра гематологии.
Посмертная история авантюриста Картуша, "Природа"
Authors: Веселовская Е. В. , Васильев С.В. , Галеев Р.М. , Колесова А.С.
Published: July 2021

Публикация продолжает серию статей, посвященных восстановлению внешнего облика исторических деятелей прошлого на основе черепа. Метод антропологической реконструкции внешности, разработанный М.М.Герасимовым, остается востребованным и совершенствуется последователями великого ученого. На этот раз речь идет об отрицательном персонаже, но след, который он оставил с истории, затмевает многих положительных героев. Его череп хранится в Парижском музее человека, где один из авторов смог его описать, измерить и получить фотографии, которые послужили основой для создания прижизненного графического портрета. Перед нами лицо умного, обаятельного человека. Именно эти качества, возможно, и помогали величайшему авантюристу XVIII в. обманывать парижскую полицию. Методом фотосовмещения проведено сопоставление посмертного барельефа и графической реконструкции, выполненной по черепу.
Девонские клумбы для животных-мхов и животных-цветов, "Природа"
Authors: Комаров В.Н. , Измайлова А.А. , Головастов Д.А. , Гончарова Е.И.
Published: July 2021

Приведены данные о первых находках мшанок и табулятоморфных кораллов на раковинах атрипид Закавказья в интервале от эмсского до франского яруса включительно. Большинство мшанок, представленных родами Atactotoechus ( ), Fistulipora ( ) и Leioclema ( ), обнаружено на спинных створках брахиопод в непосредственной близости от комиссуры. Кораллы рода Aulopora примерно в равных пропорциях развиты либо только на спинной створке, либо на обеих. В последнем случае колонии покрывают значительную часть спинной створки, переходят через комиссуру и занимают небольшую примакушечную часть брюшной створки. Находки эпибионтов в непосредственной близости от комиссуры (некоторые колонии ею строго ограничены) и частая ориентировка отверстий кораллитов в ее сторону свидетельствуют о прижизненном поселении обрастателей. Обнаружение колоний, переходящих через край раковины брахиопод, говорит о посмертном поселении и указывает на глубину, которую могли достигать поверхностное волнение или донные течения, приводя раковины погибших брахиопод в движение. Отсутствие нарастания колоний мшанок и кораллов друг на друга может свидетельствовать о наличии на морском дне необходимого для их жизнедеятельности твердого субстрата в достаточном количестве.
К 50-летию начала Международного геодинамического проекта, "Природа"
Authors: Степанчук Ю.В.
Published: July 2021

Флагман научно-исследовательского флота АН СССР научно-исследовательское судно (НИС) «Витязь» участвовало во многих международных программах по изучению Мирового океана. В 1960–1980 гг. проводились масштабные геологические и геолого-геофизические исследования земной коры и верхней мантии под океанами по проекту «Верхняя мантия и ее влияние на развитие земной коры» и по Международному геодинамическому проекту. Однако информации по этим работам было предоставлено незаслуженно мало. В статье на основе опубликованных, архивных и фондовых материалов сделана попытка показать масштаб выполненных в Советском Союзе исследований, определить и сравнить значение работ, проведенных по этим проектам на НИС «Витязь».
Перед лицом истории: русские ученые антифашисты Второй мировой, "Природа"
Authors: Сорокина М.Ю.
Published: July 2021

Участие «белой» русской эмиграции во Второй мировой войне всегда было одной из наиболее дискуссионных проблем ее истории. Значительная часть старшего поколения российских постреволюционных беженцев, тесно связанная с военно-политическими организациями эмиграции, рассматривала гитлеровское нападение на СССР, особенно на первоначальном этапе войны, как инструмент борьбы с большевизмом и СССР. В то же время эмигрантская молодежь самой разной политической ориентации, выросшая и получившая образование уже в новом культурном и политическом ландшафте, приняла самое деятельное участие в движении Сопротивления во многих странах Европы. Среди них было много научных специалистов — феномен, еще требующий своего осмысления. В статье рассматривается опыт участия русских эмигрантов и ученых в антифашистской борьбе и европейском движении Сопротивления в годы Второй мировой войны, а также обстоятельства их награждения советскими орденами и медалями в 1965 г. Вводятся в научный оборот новые архивные документы, раскрывающие процедуру принятия решений о награждениях на уровне ЦК КПСС.
ПРОНИКНОВЕНИЯ СОЛЕНЫХ ВОД ИЗ ТАГАНРОГСКОГО ЗАЛИВА В РУКАВА ДЕЛЬТЫ ДОНА (ЧИСЛЕННОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ НА ПРИМЕРЕ СОБЫТИЯ В ПЕРИОД 23–27.09.2014 г.), "Наука юга России"
Authors: Чикин А.Л. , Клещенков А.В. , Чикина Л.Г.
Published: July 2021

Устьевая область Дона – ключевой район бассейна Азовского моря, где происходят сложные процессы взаимодействия речных и морских вод. Здесь особенно сильно проявляются сгонно-нагонные колебания уровня и связанное с этим поступление морских трансформированных вод в рукава дельты Дона. Соленые воды Таганрогского залива при определенных гидрометеорологических условиях проникают даже в устье р. Дон, где находятся водозаборы Азова и Таганрога. В работе описана математическая модель процесса поступления соленой воды Таганрогского залива в дельту Дона. Гидродинамическая составляющая модели основана на уравнениях Сен-Венана, записанных в характеристическом виде. Транспортная составляющая описана одномерным уравнением конвекции – диффузии в случае консервативного вещества. В качестве области расчета был выбран участок Нижнего Дона от ст. Раздорская до устьев дельты Дона, включая рукава Старый Дон, Мокрая Каланча и Большая Кутерьма. Задача решается конечно-разностными методами с использованием неявных схем. Расчеты проведены с учетом метеорологической обстановки в период 23–27.09.2014 г., когда наблюдался наиболее сильный за последние годы ветровой нагон. Приведены результаты расчетов скорости течения воды и солености в рукавах Дона в зависимости от уровня воды в Таганрогском заливе. Сравнение расчетных значений солености воды в районе азовского порта с зарегистрированными показало, что представленная математическая модель достаточно адекватно описывает процесс поступления соленой воды из Таганрогского залива в основные рукава р. Дон. В то же время модель дает представление об общей тенденции развития процесса возможного осолонения дельты Дона при нагонных явлениях, что может быть использовано для прогноза таких явлений и принятия оперативных решений для обеспечения устойчивого водоснабжения приморских городов.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF POLY-HERBAL SYRUP FROM NATURAL INGREDIENTS HAVING EXPECTORANT AND ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Patel Ojas , Patel Mona
Published: July 2021

Ayurvedic formulations are mainly administered by oral route and most of the orally administered Ayurvedic formulations belong to liquid dosage form of drug or drug combination. However, Herbal products have to fulfil legal requirements with regards to quality including stability testing. Herbal Syrup is commonly used and popular dosage form which is used to cure cough, cold and fever because it having ease of patients compliance. In present study, Prepared Herbal Syrup contain Ginger macerated honey base and also Tulsi, liquorice, neem, amla, cinchona, fennel, peppermint, turmeric, brahmi, clove, is used as expectorant and antipyretic. Quality of final herbal syrup was evaluated for pre formulation and post formulation parameters like density, specific gravity, pH and various organoleptic characteristics. The results of stability study of the final herbal syrup that no changes were observed in all the tested physiochemical parameter as well as turbidity/ homogeneity during 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours.
NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF WATERMELON (CITRULLUS LANATUS) PULP JUICE ON SCOPOLAMINE-INDUCED MEMORY DEFICITS IN SWISS ALBINO MICE: THE ROLE OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS
Authors: N Divya , P Amudha , Priya Viveka K
Published: July 2021

The effect of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Pulp Juice (WPJ) on scopolamine (SCOP) induced memory deficits is due to the involvement of oxidative stress and AChE activity. The juice was obtained by crushing the pulp in blender and three different concentrations of 100%, 50% and 25% was administration to prevent memory deficit by evaluating changes of AChE activity and oxidative stress indicators (SOD, CAT, LPO and GPx) induced by scopolamine. These results provide evidence that WPJ is an alternative to protect SCOP induced memory deficits in mice by involvement of oxidative stress and AChE activity.
A REVIEW ON SKIN MICROBIOME: NOVEL STRATEGY IN COSMETICS
Authors: Prajapati Disha P , Dodiya Tanvi R
Published: July 2021

Human skin is the largest organ composing a complex ecosystem harbouring different types of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and mites that are together known as the skin microbiome. These organisms play an important role in communicating and instructing the cutaneous arm of the immune system to keep the skin healthy. Diet, hormonal imbalance, lifestyle, use of medications and cosmetics have been reported to influence the composition of skin microbiome. These factors can sometimes cause an imbalance in the microbiome leading to a condition known as ‘dysbiosis’. This disruption can then lead to several skin disorders such as dandruff, acne, psoriasis, or atopic dermatitis. Hygiene products, make-up, perfume, skin cream, nail polish, soap, shampoo, shaving cream, deodorant etc. also implicated in modifying the skin microbiome. Consumers today are moving towards a simpler, cleaner and nature based products for cosmetics. Microbiome balancing skincare natural products can respond to the rising concerns of environment pollution, skin sensitivity and premature ageing. These products can enrich the skin to repair itself by boosting skins immune system and natural defence barrier. These natural products are meant to remove pathogenic but to retain the composition mutualistic organism. The skincare market has recently embraced these distinct approaches of targeting the skin microbiome through different fronts like Probiotics, Prebiotics and Postbiotics.
HEMIDESMUS INDICUS (ANANTMOOL): A POTENTIAL TRADITIONAL PLANT WITH ANTIVENOM ACTIVITY
Authors: Thakur Shifali , Kaurav Hemlata , Chaudhary Gitika
Published: July 2021

The field of Ayurvedic Science is acquiring more importance and prevalence all through the world as a result of its amazing medicinal uses. Therapeutic plants have been utilized by humankind since ancient times. According to World Health Organization, 80% of individuals depend on natural drugs for some aspect of their primary healthcare. Hemidesmus indicus (Anantmool) is a significant medicinal plant, which is described in Ayurvedic literature and current science because of the presence of its number of remedial properties. Hemidesmus indicus is locally known as Anantmool and Indian Sarsaparilla. It is an aromatic, long-rooted plant that belongs to the Apocynaceae family. The plant is widely cultivating in deciduous forests, uncultivated lands and moist hedges. The medicinal plant is used against a variety of diseases due to the presence of various phytochemicals like Hemidesmol, Resin, Glucoside, Tannin and Resin. The plant parts, roots and rhizome have been utilized for hundreds of years in Ayurvedic medication for relieving countless diseases. Many reported studies highlighted the potential pharmacological properties of H. indicus like anti-cataractous, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-cancerous, anti-diabetics, anti-venom, anti-angiogenic. The present work aims overall Ayurvedic and modern therapeutical information of Hemidesmus indicus with various reported Ayurvedic literature and scientific pharmacological studies.
ANATOMICAL ASPECT OF SIRAJA-GRANTHI WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VARICOSE VEINS: A REVIEW
Authors: Dawre Manisha Kishanrao , Jadhav Snehal Shivaji , Varma Divya Deepak
Published: July 2021

Varicose vein is a very common condition in surgical practice in which vein become dilated, elongated and tortuous. The changing lifestyle, occupational pattern, pregnancy, obesity are noteworthy contributing factors for the varicose veins. This condition affects lower limbs especially saphenous vein and their tributaries. In Ayurveda varicose veins can be correlated to Siraja granthi. In Siraja granthi vitiated Vata dosha enters in sira and constrict them, make them tortuous. Also decreases pulsation in the sira. In this article we have tried to evaluate the anatomical and physiological changes in Siraja granthi (Varicose veins).
Volatile Flavor Compounds Composition of Steamed Squid (Loligo sp.)
Authors: Rinanda Salsabiil Dhiyaa , Pratama Rusky I , Riyantini Indah , Rostini Iis
Published: July 2021

Squid (Loligo sp.) is one of the marine fishery commodities that abundant in resources and valuable economically in Indonesia. To increase the economic value of food, processing activities are needed, steaming is one of them. Processing activities using high temperatures are suspected to affect the composition of flavor compounds in fishery products. Flavor volatile are components that act as aroma, the initial impression (top notes), and evaporate easily. This research is to study and identify volatile compounds composition found in steamed squid. The squid was taken from Indramayu, West Java, subsequently the sample preparation was conducted at the Laboratory of Fishery Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjajaran. Volatile components were analyzed at Flavor Laboratory, Indonesian Center for Rice Research, Sukamandi, Subang from February to April 2021. Volatile compounds were analyzed using Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry (GC / MS) with an extraction temperature of 80ºC in 45 minutes (Solid Phase Micro Extraction). The proximate analysis was analyzed at Inter-University Centre Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural Institute. The volatile compound analysis successfully detected 30 compounds in the steamed squid sample. The proximate analysis showed steamed squid contained 74.99% water content, 1.49% ash, 2.09% fat, and 21.12% protein.
Assessment of Gender Differences in Depression- A Cross-Sectional study
Authors: Agravat Tushar
Published: July 2021

Background and Aim: Major depression in both women and men is a debilitating disorder that disrupts relationship and daily lives and affects nearly 10% of general populations. The aims and objectives of this study were to determine the gender differences in major depression with respect to following: Demographic characteristics, Clinical manifestations, Stressful life events, Risk factors.

Materials and Methods: Total of 100 patients was included in the study. All the included patients meet the criteria for DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) diagnosis of major depression. The included patients were interviewed at the department of Psychiatry, B. J. Medical College & civil hospital Ahmedabad. Based on the Life Events Scale by Holmes and Rahe (1967), its Indian adaptation PSLE (Presumptive stressful life events scale) was done by Gurmeet Singh (1983). The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS IX version.

Results: Their ages range from 18 to 70 years. Most of the patients were married, were from urban background, and nuclear family. On Hamilton Depression rating scale when the statistical analysis was done, there was no significant difference between males and females. Men had higher mean life events score than women but this was not statistically significant. In female, there was significant positive correlation between number of life events in one year and severity of depression as well as impact score during one year prior to onset of depression and Hamilton rating scores.

Conclusion: Male and female major depression patients did not differ as regards demographic characteristics, except that most women were homemakers and men were employed. Number of stressful life events experienced during 1 year prior to onset of MDD was similar. Early insomnia, middle insomnia and somatic symptoms general were more severely present in female patients.
Inhibition of microtubule assembly in vitro by TN‐16, a synthetic antitumor drug
Authors: Arai Takao
Published: July 2002

An antitumor drug, 3‐(1‐anilinoethylidene)‐5‐benzylpyrrolidine‐2,4‐dione (TN‐16) inhibited the assembly of porcine brain microtubules in vitro. The assembly induced by taxol was also suppressed by the drug. However, the latter required much higher concentration of TN‐16 than the former. Binding studies by means of the fluorometric method and the spun‐column procedure indicate that the inhibition was caused by the reversible binding of the drug to the colchicine‐sensitive site of tubulin. The affinity of TN‐16 to tubulin was almost equal to that of nocodazole.
Purification of the nickel protein carbon monoxide dehydrogenase of Clostridium thermoaceticum
Authors: Diekert Gabriele , Ritter Maria
Published: July 2002

The carbon monoxide dehydrogenase was purified from Clostridium thermoaceticum to apparent homogeneity. The 120‐fold purified enzyme with app. M
r 250000 had a nickel content of 10 ± 2 μmol Ni/protein.
Quantitative study of interaction of deacylated tRNA with Escherichia coli ribosomes
Authors: Kirillov S.V. , Makarov E.M. , Semenkov Yu.P.
Published: July 2002

The 30 S subunit contains 2 sites for tRNA binding (Phe‐tRNA, AcPhe‐tRNA, tRNAPhe
OH) with the functional properties of D and A sites of the 70 S ribosome after attachment of 50 S subunit. The third (E) site specific for deacylated tRNA is introduced into 70 S ribosome by its 50 S subunit. The E‐site binding of tRNAPhe
OH is not sensitive to either tetracycline and edeine, and practically codon‐independent. The affinity constant of tRNAPhe
OH for the E site is 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than that for the D site.
On the role of hydrophobic groups in nucleotide base stacking
Authors: Danilov V.I. , Tolokh I.S.
Published: July 2002

Monte Carlo study
Nucleotide base stacking
Stacked associate
Water structure
Hydrophobic group
Diazepam increases membrane fluidity of rat hippocampus synaptosomes
Authors: Mennini Tiziana , Ceci Angelo , Caccia Silvio , Garattini Silvio , Masturzo Pietro , Salmona Mario
Published: July 2002

Diazepam in vitro produced a concentration‐dependent increase of membrane fluidity in crude synaptic membranes from rat hippocampus, but not cerebellum. Similar effects were obtained with higher concentrations of Ro 15–1788 and PK 11195, while zopiclone was completely inactive. In vivo acute treatment with diazepam and Ro 15–1788 gave results similar to those in vitro. The specific benzodiazepine antagonist also significantly increased membrane fluidity and was not able to reverse diazepam's effect. The data are discussed in terms of a possible role of protein kinase inhibition by the drugs not mediated by the ‘central’ or ‘peripheral’ type of benzodiazepine receptors.
1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 directly induces fusion of alveolar macrophages by a mechanism involving RNA and protein synthesis, but not DNA synthesis
Authors: Tanaka Hirofumi , Hayashi Takamune , Shiina Yoshiko , Miyaura Chisato , Abe Etsuko , Suda Tatsuo
Published: July 2002

The results of our present study indicate that 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3[1α,25(OH)2D3] directly induces fusion of mouse alveolar macrophages without any participation of T‐lymphocytes by a mechanism involving RNA and protein synthesis but not DNA synthesis. We have reported that 1α,25(OH)3D3 induces fusion of alveolar macrophages by a direct mechanism and by a spleen cell‐mediated indirect mechanism [(1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 5583‐5587]. Alveolar macrophages pretreated with or without anti‐Thy 1.2 antibody and complement fused similarly when they were incubated with 1α,25(OH)2D3. The vitamin suppressed DNA synthesis, but it significantly enhanced RNA and protein synthesis. The 1α,25(OH)2D3‐induced fusion was blocked by adding actinomycin D or cycloheximide, but not by hydroxyurea.
Structural and functional characterization of the abnormal Z α1‐antitrypsin isolated from human liver
Authors: Bathurst I.C. , Travis J. , George P.M. , Carrell R.W.
Published: July 2002

α1‐Antitrypsin
Human liver
Inclusion body
High mannose glycoprotein
Proteinase inhibitor
Protection of mice against Plasmodium berghei infection by a tuftsin derivative
Authors: Gupta C.M. , Puri Anju , Jain Rakesh K. , Bali Anu , Anand Nitya
Published: July 2002

In Plasmodium berghei infections, the mortality rate and parasitaemias were significantly reduced and the mean survival time was considerably enhanced by pretreating the animals with a tuftsin derivative, Thr‐Lys‐Pro‐Arg‐NH‐(CH2)2‐NHCOC15H31. This effect of the modified tuftsin was further increased upon its incorporation in the liposome bilayer. These results indicate that tuftsin and its derivatives may prove useful in enhancing nonspecific host resistance against protozoan infections.
Participation of adenosine 5′‐triphosphate in the activation of membrane‐bound guanylate cyclase by the atrial natriuretic factor
Authors: Kurose Hitoshi , Inagami Tadashi , Ui Michio
Published: July 2002

The addition of ANF to Percoll‐purified liver plasma membranes produced a slight activation of guanylate cyclase; the ANF‐stimulated cyclase activity was further increased upon the addition of ATP to the enzyme assay mixture. The effect of ATP to potentiate the cyclase activation was concentration‐dependent, required Mg2+ as a divalent cation, and was seen with membranes from various tissues and cells. ATP increased the maximal velocity of the cyclase without a change in the affinity for GTP or ANF. Phosphorylation by ATP might not be involved since ANF‐stimulated guanylate cyclase was enhanced by non‐phosphorylating ATP analogues as well. Thus, an allosteric ATP binding site is suggested to participate in ANF‐induced regulation of membrane‐bound guanylate cyclase.
Peritonitis induces the synthesis of 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 in macrophages from CAPD patients
Authors: Hayes M.E. , O'Donoghue D.J. , Ballardie F.W. , Mawer E.B.
Published: July 2002

Metabolism of 25‐[3H]hydroxyvitamin D3 was studied in peritoneal macrophages from renal failure patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Cells from 5 out of 8 patients with a history of peritonitis produced significant amounts of a metabolite chromatographically identical to 1α,25(OH)2D3; but none was produced by cells from non‐infected patients. The evidence strongly suggests that peritoneal macrophages stimulated by infection can metabolise 25OHD3 to the active vitamin D3 metabolite, 1α,25(OH)2D3, when maintained in short‐term primary culture.
Immunostimulating properties and three‐dimensional structure of two tripeptides from human and cow caseins
Authors: Berthou J. , Migliore-Samour D. , Lifchitz A. , Delettré J. , Floc'h F. , Jollès P.
Published: July 2002

Some tripeptides obtained by enzymic digestion of caseins possess immunomodulating properties. In order to correlate activity and structure, X‐ray analysis has been applied to two of them Leu‐Leu‐Tyr and Gly‐Leu‐Phe.
A case of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Singh Rajinder , Shepherd Isobel.M. , Derrick Jerry P. , Ramsay Rona R. , Sherratt H.Stanley A. , Turnbull Douglas M.
Published: July 2002

A 20‐year‐old man was shown to have a deficiency of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) II in skeletal muscle. The evidence was: (i) there was no significant oxidation of [9,10‐3H]palmitate or of [1‐14C]palmitate in mitochondrial fractions from fresh skeletal muscle from the patient; (ii) all the CPT activity in a homogenate of fresh muscle from the patient was overt (CPT I) with no increase in activity after the inner membrane was disrupted; (iii) all the CPT activity in the patient's muscle was inhibited by malonyl‐CoA; and (iv) an immunoreactive peptide of 67 kDa corresponding to CPT II, present in mitochondria from controls, was absent in those from the patient.
Hydrogen peroxide is the end product of oxygen reduction by the terminal oxidase in the marine bacterium Pseudomonas nautica 617
Authors: Denis Michel , Arnaud Sylvain , Malatesta Francesco
Published: July 2002

Mitochondrial cytochrome‐c oxidase as well as several bacterial oxidases are known to reduce dioxygen to water. For the first time, a heme‐containing oxidase, the terminal enzyme of the aerobic respiratory system in the marine bacterium Pseudomonas nautica 617, is shown to reduce molecular oxygen only to hydrogen peroxide. Whereas the cell content is well protected from H2O2, by catalase, the possible efflux of H2O2, into seawater could play an important role in the environment.
Indications to an NADPH oxidase as a possible pO2 sensor in the rat carotid body
Authors: Acker H. , Dufau E. , Huber J. , Sylvester D.
Published: July 2002

Carotid body; pO2 sensor; NADPH oxidase; Diphenylene iodonium; Light absorbance spectrum; Hypoxia; Cyanide
On the purification of notexin
Authors: Chwetzoff Serge , Mollier Pascale , Bouet Françoise , Rowan Edward G. , Harvey Alan L. , Ménez André
Published: July 2002

Venom of the Australian tiger snake, Notechis scutatus scutatus was fractionated by conventional ion‐exchange chromatography. The fraction containing notexin, a well‐known single‐chain toxic phospholipase A2, was further purified by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Two main components were isolated and the major one corresponded to notexin. The other component, designated as notechis Ns, was an isofonn of notexin. Notechis Ns and notexin possessed similar in vitro esterase activity, in vitro neuromuscular activity and in vivo lethality. Amino acid composition and sequence of the Staphylococcus aureus V8‐protease peptides demonstrated that primary structures of notechis Ns and notexin differed from each other by a single substitution amongst 119 amino acids: Lys → Arg at position 16.
Primary structure and location of the genome‐linked protein (VPg) of grapevine fanleaf nepovirus
Authors: Pinck M. , Reinbolt J. , Loudes A.M. , Le Ret M. , Pinck L.
Published: July 2002

The genome linked protein VPg covalently linked to the RNAs of grapevine fanleaf nepovirus has been sequenced. The VPg (M
r=2931) composed of 24 residues is linked by its N‐terminal Ser β‐OH group to the viral RNAs. The VPg mapped from residues 1218 to 1241 of the 253K polyprotein encoded by GFLV RNA1.
Choleratoxin ADP‐ribosylates transducin only when it is bound to photoexcited rhodopsin and depleted of its nucleotide
Authors: Bornancin Frédéric , Chabre Marc
Published: July 2002

The sensitivity of transducin (T) to choleratoxin (CT) in retinal cells depends on illumination and on the presence of GTP or analogs. Low concentrations of GPP‐NH‐P or GPP‐CH2‐P increase ADP‐ribosylation while GTPγS inhibits it. We show that GTP analogs permanently activate an ADP‐ribosylating factor (ARF) which mediates CT action on retinal cell membranes: when transducin‐depleted membranes were pre‐activated by GTP analogs, re‐added transducin became sensitive to CT in the absence of nucleotide, and presence of photoexcited rhodopsin (R*). Any subsequent G‐nucleotide addition (even GDP) decreased ADP‐ribosylation. Thus nucleotide‐free transducin molecule in R*—Tempty complex is the CT substrate.
Enzymes involved in the dynamic equilibrium of core histone acetylation of Physarum polycephalum
Authors: López-Rodas Gerardo , Brosch Gerald , Golderer Georg , Lindner Herbert , Gröbner Peter , Loidl Peter
Published: July 2002

DEAE‐Sepharose chromatography of extracts from plasmodia of the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum revealed the presence of multiple histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases. A cytoplasmic histone acetyltransferase B, specific for histone H4, and two nuclear acetyltransferases A1 and A2 were identified; A1 acetylates all core histones with a preference for H3 and H2A, whereas A2 is specific for H3 and also slightly for H2B. Two histone deacetylases, HD1 and HD2, could be discriminated. They differ with respect to substrate specificity and pH dependence. For the first time the substrate specificity of histone deacetylases was determined using HPLC‐purified individual core histone species. The order of acetylated substrate preference is H2A>H3>‐H4>H2B for HD1 and H3>H2A>H4 for HD2, respectively; HD2 is inactive with H2B as substrate. Moreover histone deacetylases are very sensitive to butyrate, since 2 mM butyrate leads to more than 50% inhibition of enzyme activity.
A single step purification for recombinant proteins Characterization of a microtubule associated protein (MAP 2) fragment which associates with the type II cAMP‐dependent protein kinase
Authors: Stofko-Hahn Renata E. , Carr Daniel W. , Scott John D.
Published: July 2002

A 167 base pair DNA cassette has been constructed to facilitate the detection and purification of recombinant proteins. This cassette, kfc, encodes three distinct peptide units: a phosphorylation site for the cAMP‐depandent protein kinase (PKA), called emptide, a actor Xa cleavage site, and a almodulin‐binding peptide. Expressed kfc fusion proteins can be purified from bacterial lysates in one step by affinity chromatography on calmodulin‐agarose using EGTA as eluant. As a test of this system, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of the PKA binding domain of the microtubule associated protein (MAP 2).
Crystal structure of human recombinant interleukin‐4 at 2.25 Å resolution
Authors: Wlodaver Alexander , Pavlovsky Alexander , Gustchina Alla
Published: July 2002

The crystal structure of human recombinant interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) has been solved by multiple isomorphous replacement, and refined to an R factor of 0.218 at 2.25 Å resolution. The molecule is a left‐handed four‐helix bundle with a short stretch of β sheet. The structure bears close resemblance to other cytokines such as granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). Although no sequence similarity of IL‐4 to GM‐CSF and other related cytokines has been previously postulated, structure‐based alignment of IL‐4 and GM‐CSF revealed that the core of the molecules, including large parts of all four helices and extending over half of the molecule, has 30% sequence identity. This may have identified regions which are not only important to maintain structure, but could also play a role in receptor binding.
Targeting efficiencies of various permutations of the consensus C‐terminal tripeptide peroxisomal targeting signal
Authors: Swinkels Bart W. , Gould Stephen J. , Subramani Suresh
Published: July 2002

Two types of peptide signals are known to independently target proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. One of these is a consensus C‐terminal tripeptide which is conserved in many microbody proteins derived from diverse species. The second signal is an N‐terminal sequence found in a small subset of peroxisomal proteins. We have tested 18 possible variants of the consensus tripeptide targeting signal for their ability to facilitate the transport of a cytosolic passenger protein, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, into peroxisomes of monkey kidney cells. Our results reveal the presence of a hierarchy of preferred amino acid substitutions at each position of the tripeptide.
Binding of RNA by the alfalfa mosaic virus movement protein is biphasic
Authors: Schoumacher Fabrice , Gagey Marie-Josèphe , Maira Michel , Stussi-Garaud Christiane , Godefroy-Colburn Thérése
Published: July 2002

The movement protein of alfalfa mosaic virus was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by cation exchange chromatography. The purified protein bound single‐stranded RNA cooperatively in a biphasic manner. At protein saturation, RNA/protein complexes (designated ‘primary complexes’) were detected by a nitrocellulose‐retention assay within 1 min of mixing, both At 4 and 22°C. In contrast, an incubation of 30 min at 22°C was necessary to obtain electrophoretically retarded complexes (‘stabilized complexes’), containing a large number of protein molecules bound stably to each molecule of RNA. Stabilization did not take place at 4°C. The rate of formation of the primary complexes was strongly dependent on protein concentration, and thus appeared limited by a biomolecular interaction. In contrast, the rate of stabilization was independent of protein concentration, suggesting that this process consisted of a rearrangement of the primary complexes without binding of additional protein molecules. In agreement with this suggestion, the amount of complexed RNA at equilibrium was the same when assayed by nitrocellulose retention and by electrophoretic retardation. The possibility that these peculiar kinetics could be caused by the presence of Tween 20 in the incubation media is discussed.
De novo synthesis and desaturation of fatty acids at the mitochondrial acyl‐carrier protein, a subunit of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase in Neurospora crassa
Authors: Zensen Ralf , Husmann Heribert , Schneider Regina , Peine Thorsten , Weiss Hanns
Published: July 2002

We have cultivated the cel mutant of Neurospora crassa defective in cytosolic fatty acid synthesis with [2‐14C]malonate and found radioactivity covalently attached to the mitochondrial acyl‐carrier protein (ACP), a subunit of the respiratory chain NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase. We purified the ACP by reverse‐phase HPLC: the bound acyl groups were trans‐esterified to methylesters and analyzed by gas chromatography. The saturated C0 to C18 fatty acids and oleic acid were detected. De novo synthesis and desaturation of fatty acids at the ACP subunit of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase and use of the products of this mitnchondrial synthetic pathway for cardiolipin synthesis is discussed.
Effect of heat‐shock on Plasmodium falciparum viability, growth and expression of the heat‐shock protein ‘PFHSP70‐I’ gene
Authors: Joshi Bindu , Biswas Sukla , Sharma Yagya D.
Published: July 2002

Cultures of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum were subjected to heat‐shock for varying times and temperatures and then tested for their viability, growth and expression of heat‐shock protein. Results show that the majority of parasites remained viable after heat‐shock but their growth was affected. However, the expression of the heat‐shock protein ‘PFHSP70‐I’ gene was enhanced after heat‐shock. We conclude that malarial parasites are able to survive in vivo during fever probably due to the overexpression of the heat‐shock protein gene.
Structural determinants of ion selectivity in brain calcium channel
Authors: Kim Man-Suk , Morii Takashi , Sun Li-Xin , Imoto Keiji , Mori Yasuo
Published: July 2002

Glutamic acid residues in the SS2 segment of the internal repeats III and IV of the brain calcium channel BI were subjected to single point mutations. The mutant channels were tested for macroscopic current properties and sensitivities to inorganic blockers. The mutation that replaces glutamic acid 1,469 with glutamine altered ion‐selection properties and strongly reduced the sensitivity to Cd2+, whereas the analogous mutation of glutamic acid 1,765 exerted smaller effects on ion‐selection properties. Our results indicate that these glutamic acid residues, equivalently positioned in the aligned sequences, play different roles in the selective permeability of the calcium channel.
The temperature‐dependent expression of the desaturase gene desA in Synechocystis PCC6803
Authors: Los Dmitry , Horvath Ibolya , Vigh Laszlo , Murata Norio
Published: July 2002

We examined the temperature‐dependent regulation of the expression of the desA gene, which encodes Δ12 desaturase of Synechocystis PCC6803. The level of desA transcript increased 10‐fold within 1 h upon a decrease in temperature from 36°C to 22°C. This suggests that the low‐temperature‐induced desaturation of membrane lipid fatty acids is regulated at the level of the expression of the desaturase genes. The accumulation of the desA transcript depended on the extent of temperature change over a certain threshold level, but not on the absolute temperature.