bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gendered Diverging Destinies: Changing Family Structures and the Reproduction of Educational Inequalities Among Sons and Daughters in the United States
Authors: Boertien Diederik , Bernardi Fabrizio
Published: December 2021

The prevalence of nontraditional family structures has increased over time, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged families. Because children's socioeconomic attainments are positively associated with growing up in a two-parent household, changing family structures are considered to have strengthened the reproduction of social inequalities across generations. However, several studies have shown that childhood family structure relates differently to educational outcomes for sons than for daughters. Therefore, we ask whether there are gender differences in the extent to which changing family structures have contributed to the college attainment gap between children from lower and higher socioeconomic backgrounds. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and 1997 cohorts to estimate extended Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition models that take into account cross-cohort changes in the prevalence of family structures and heterogeneity in the effects of childhood family structure on college attainment. We find that the argument that changes in family structures contributed to diverging destinies in college attainment holds for daughters but not for sons. This result is due to the different changes over time in the effects of childhood family structure by gender and socioeconomic background.
Flower meristem maintenance by TILLERS ABSENT 1 is essential for ovule development in rice
Authors: Tanaka Wakana , Ohmori Suzuha , Kawakami Naoto , Hirano Hiro-Yuki
Published: December 2021

Plant development depends on the activity of pluripotent stem cells in meristems, such as the shoot apical meristem and the flower meristem. In Arabidopsis thaliana, WUSCHEL (WUS) is essential for stem cell homeostasis in meristems and integument differentiation in ovule development. In rice (Oryza sativa), the WUS ortholog TILLERS ABSENT 1 (TAB1) promotes stem cell fate in axillary meristem development, but its function is unrelated to shoot apical meristem maintenance in vegetative development. In this study, we examined the role of TAB1 in flower development. The ovule, which originates directly from the flower meristem, failed to differentiate in tab1 mutants, suggesting that TAB1 is required for ovule formation. Expression of a stem cell marker was completely absent in the flower meristem at the ovule initiation stage, indicating that TAB1 is essential for stem cell maintenance in the ‘final’ flower meristem. The ovule defect in tab1 was partially rescued by floral organ number 2 mutation, which causes overproliferation of stem cells. Collectively, it is likely that TAB1 promotes ovule formation by maintaining stem cells at a later stage of flower development.
The role of nutritional assessment for predicting radiotherapy-induced adverse events in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Li Guichao , Zhang Jing , Zhu Ji , Zhang Zhen
Published: December 2021

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of nutritional factors in predicting radiotherapy-associated toxicities for gastric cancer patients.

Methods:

A total of 285 gastric cancer patients who underwent radiotherapy in our hospital (Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center) between 2010 and 2017 were included in this retrospective study. Nutritional status assessment included body weight loss (BWL), body mass index (BMI), serum albumin, nutrition risk screening 2002(NRS-2002), patient-generated subjective global assessment(PG-SGA) and nutritional risk index (NRI).

Results:

Of all patients, 19.6% were underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m2), 25.6% were hypoalbuminemia (<35 g l−1) and 48.8% lost ≥10% of body weight in the 6-month interval before radiotherapy(BWL). Meanwhile, 73.3%, 78.6 and 47.2% of the patients were diagnosed as malnutrition based on NRS-2002, PG-SGA and NRI, respectively. Hematological adverse events were present in 91.2% (≥Grade 1) and 20.4% (≥Grade 3) of the patients. Non-hematological adverse events occurred in 89.8% (≥Grade1) and 14.4% (≥Grade 3) of the patients. Multivariate analyses indicated that only hypoalbuminemia(<35 g l−1) was independent predictor for Grade 3/4 hematological and non-hematological adverse events. Meanwhile, higher BWL(≥10%) was also independent predictor for Grade 3/4 non-hematological adverse events. NRS-2002, PG-SGA and NRI score were not associated with treatment-induced adverse events.

Conclusion:

BWL and serum albumin are useful factors for predicting severe adverse events in gastric cancer patients who undergo radiotherapy.

Advances in knowledge:

The use of nutritional factors in predicting severe adverse events enables implementation of individualized treatment strategies for early and intensive nutritional interventions in high-risk patients.
Pubic and ischial sarcoidosis: a single bone lesion
Authors: Imrani Kaoutar , Znati Kaoutar , Nassar Ittimade , Moatassim Billah Nabil
Published: December 2021

Bone sarcoidosis is very rarely indicative of the disease. When bone lesion is associated with lung and lymph node involvement, diagnosis can be made based on clinical and imaging features. When bone lesion is isolated, it is difficult to differentiate it from bone metastases because they both have similar appearance in imaging: in this case, the diagnosis is made by bone biopsy with histological study. We report the case of a 61-year-old male with a lytic lesion of the right ischio pubic ramus which appears to be aggressive whose biopsy revealed bone sarcoidosis.
Modeling individual development plans, mentoring support, and career preparedness relationships among Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) trainees in the life sciences
Authors: Chang Chi-Ning , Patterson Clinton A. , Vanderford Nathan L. , Evans Teresa M.
Published: December 2021

Background: As greater career development support for doctoral students and postdoctoral researchers has been emphasized, the individual development plan (IDP) has become a recommended mentoring tool. However, little is known about the effect of IDPs on mentoring and career development. This study proposed two conceptual models to examine the interrelationships among the use of IDPs, mentoring support, and career preparedness with a diverse sample of doctoral students and postdoctoral researchers in the life sciences.

Methods: The data leveraged for this study was collected over a three-month period, March 2016 to June 2016, as part of a cross-sectional, online survey. The survey was distributed through social media and direct email to participants enrolled in life/biological/medical or physical/applied doctoral programs at U.S. institutions. To test the proposed conceptual models, this study employed the design-based multilevel structural equation modeling.

Results: The analytic sample comprised 660 doctoral students and postdoctoral researchers in the life sciences from 91 institutions. The results suggested that 1) using the IDP could enhance mentoring support and career preparedness of doctoral students and postdoctoral researchers; 2) greater mentoring support and career preparedness would motivate mentees to continue utilizing the IDP with their principal investigator (PI) or advisor; and 3) females, postdoctoral researchers, and international scholars might need more support throughout the mentoring and career development process.

Conclusions: This research offered empirical evidence for how an IDP, mentorship, and career preparedness interact. Findings revealed the IDP enhances mentoring support and career preparedness, as well as mentoring support and career preparedness predict IDP use. We conclude the IDP is an important mentorship tool that enhances trainees’ overall career preparation.
Liability from the use of medical artificial intelligence: a comparative study of English and Taiwanese tort laws
Authors: Khong Dennis W. K. , Yeh Wan-Ju
Published: December 2021

Background: Modern artificial intelligence applications are appearing in healthcare and medical practices. Artificial intelligence is used both in medical research and on patients via medical devices. The aim of this paper is to examine and compare English and Taiwanese tort laws in relation to medical artificial intelligence.

Methods: The methodologies employed are legal doctrinal analysis and comparative law analysis.

Results: The investigation finds that English tort law treats wrong diagnostic or wrong advice as negligent misstatement, and mishaps due to devices as a physical tort under the negligence rule. Negligent misstatement may occur in diagnosis or advisory systems, while a negligent act may occur in products used in the treatment of the patient. Product liability under English common law applies the same rule as negligence. In Taiwan, the general principles of tort law in Taiwan’s Civil Code for misstatement and negligent action apply, whereas the Consumer Protection Act provides for additional rules on product liability of traders.

Conclusions: Safety regulations may be a suitable alternative to tort liability as a means to ensure the safety of medical artificial intelligence systems.
The genome sequence of the large burdock Cheilosia, Cheilosia vulpina (Meigen, 1822)
Authors: Falk Steven ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: December 2021

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Cheilosia vulpina (the large burdock Cheilosia or stocky blacklet; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Syriphidae). The genome sequence is 913 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly (98.81%) is scaffolded into sixchromosomal pseudomolecules, with the X sex chromosome assembled.
Influence of Drinking Water Quality on the Current of Acute Radiation Disease in Mice
Authors: Bichkova T. , Andrianova I. , Nikitenko O. , Stavrakova N. , Parfenova I. , Karaulova T. , Gordeev A. , Ivanov A.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Assessing the role of various factors in the formation of radioresistance is an important branch of radiobiology. The quality of drinking water, as it turned out, can significantly affect radioresistance. Against the background of studying the antiradiation properties of various types of water, differing in mineral and isotopic composition, the problem of the influence of tap water on the course of radiation injury remained underestimated. This circumstance determined the purpose of the work: to evaluate the modifying effect of tap water on the course of acute radiation sickness after X-ray irradiation of mice at an average lethal dose.

Material and methods: Female ICR (CD-1) mice were irradiated with an average lethal dose once – 6.5 Gy of X-ray irradiation. After irradiation, half of the mice received tap water as drinking water, and the other half received artificially mineralized drinking water.

Results: Keeping animals on tap water significantly reduced the survival rate of mice both with a single dose (log-rank test p=0.02, χ2=5.38) compared with animals receiving artificially mineralized distilled water. In addition, in the group of mice that received tap water, an increase in the rate of death of mice and a lower preservation of the group mass of animals during the development of acute radiation injury was noted.

Conclusion: Tap water, used as drinking water, increases the damaging effect of radiation when X-rays are irradiated in mice.
Medical Radiological Consequences after 35 Years after the Accident at the Chernobyl NPP
Authors: Il'in L. , Ivanov V. , Linge I. , Kashcheev V. , Kochetkov O. , Tukov A. , Shafransky I.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: In an article prepared on the basis of the conclusion of the Russian Scientific Commission on Radiological Protection (RSCRP) at the Department of Medical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Assessment of the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident after 35 years according to the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register" (NRER), the main conclusions of the large-scale radiation-epidemiological studies carried out.

Material and methods: The work uses information NRER – liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident and the Branch Register of FMBA of Russia – liquidators. When assessing the excess relative risk of malignant neoplasms, the EPICURE.

Results: The current status of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register, which is currently functioning within the framework of the Law of the Russian Federation of 30.12.2012 No. 329-FZ “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in terms of ensuring that changes in the health status of certain categories of citizens are taken into account exposed to radiation". For the first time in an integral form, the article presents the medical radiological consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant for the population of Russia. It was found that an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer due to incorporated exposure to 131I was found in a cohort of children and adolescents (28 856 people) who received radiation doses of more than 200 mGy in 1986. There was no increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer among the adult population. Analysis of the incidence of solid cancers in the territories of the Bryansk, Kaluga, Tula and Oryol regions contaminated with radionuclides did not reveal an increase in the frequency of this pathology for children and adults. It is shown that in the cohort of liquidators of the Chernobyl accident, who received radiation doses of more than 150 mGy (35 303 people), an increase in the incidence of leukemia during the first 11 years after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and solid cancers was revealed in comparison with the spontaneous level.

Conclusions: The article points out serious limitations associated with a high degree of uncertainty in the received personal dosimetric data on liquidators in 1986–1987. and the need to use the total dose from all types of radiation (professional, emergency, medical, natural) to calculate the radiation risk. RSCRP emphasizes the high urgency of continuing work on reducing the uncertainty of dosimetry data and assessing the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident based on a comprehensive analysis of the NRER data.
Possibilities of Local Microwave Hyperthermia in Oncology
Authors: Kurpeshev O.
Published: December 2021

The review analyzes the features of the interaction of electromagnetic (EM) energy with various tissues and the temperature distribution in model, experimental and clinical studies from emitters for external and intracavitary microwave hyperthermia (MWHT). The effect of MWHT on the antitumor efficacy of radiation (RT) and / or chemotherapy (CT), as well as toxic effects on normal tissues, was studied. Based on the literature data and our own experience, some approaches to the treatment of cancer patients have been identified. The general principles of the method, the design features of the applicators and their role in creating a hyperthermic regime in tumors of superficial and subsurface localization are also considered. The development of methods for thermometric control and supply of the EM field, allowing relatively uniform heating of tumors, as well as the determination of the minimum effective thermal doses, remains a priority area of research both in MW and other hyperthermia methods.
Based on the literature data and our own experience, some approaches to the treatment of cancer patients have been identified.
Kwestia zniesienia prawa patronatu w debacie parlamentarnej Sejmu Ustawodawczego w 1920 roku
Authors: Magiera Paweł
Published: December 2021

Artykuł przedstawia debatę parlamentarną nad zniesieniem prawa patronatu w Polsce, która odbyła się w Sejmie Ustawodawczym w marcu 1920 roku, a także tło historyczne związane z podjęciem tej problematyki na forum sejmowym. Sprawa dalszego istnienia prawa patronatu została poruszona przez polityków ruchu ludowego, dążących do nadania mu nowej, demokratycznej formy. Jednocześnie stronnictwa prawicowe opowiedziały się za pełną likwidacją prawa patronatu, podzielając w tym względzie zdanie władz Kościoła katolickiego. Choć debata sejmowa nie przyniosła wiążących rozwiązań w tej kwestii, to stała się okazją do szerszej polemiki na temat spraw światopoglądowych i roli Kościoła w niepodległym państwie.
„Aby wiedzieli, gdzie gniazdo nasze leży i skąd przodków naszych originem mamy”. Genealogia Topolskich herbu Nałęcz z ziemi sanockiej z XVII wieku
Authors: Długosz Katarzyna Lena
Published: December 2021

Wiedza na temat własnego pochodzenia i koligacji rodzinnych była istotna dla przedstawicielu stanu szlacheckiego. Wyróżniało to szlachtę na tle pozostałych stanów społecznych,  także definiowało ich jako grupę. Wywody genealogiczne szlachta zamieszczała w księgach sądowych najczęściej po to, żeby udowodnić swoje szlachectwo. W siedemnastowiecznych księgach grodzkich sanockich rzadko można spotkać takie szlacheckie wywody genealogiczne. Wyjątkowym przykładem jest genealogia rodziny Topolskich. Artykuł stanowi analizę wywodu genealogicznego spisanego przez Sebastiana Topolskiego w 1646 roku.
Legenda o Pikusie w kronikach późnego antyku – źródło wyobrażone. Uwagi do książki Krzysztofa Hilmana Pikus w Kronice aleksandryjskiej i u Malalasa. Narodziny mitu u schyłku antyku, Kraków 2019
Authors: Zagórska Paulina
Published: December 2021

Opowieść o rodzie Pikusa, legendarnego władcy Lacjum, w dziełach kronikarskich późnego antyku poprzedza panowanie Eneasza, królów Alba Longa czy Romulusa i Remusa. Artykuł zawiera uwagi krytyczne wobec książki Krzysztofa Hilmana, który podejmuje się analizy tej opowieści w trzech źródłach powszechnie uznawanych za kroniki - tzw. Kronice miasta Rzymu, Excerpta Latina Barbari (Kronice aleksandryjskiej) oraz kronice Jana Malalasa. Autor postuluje narodziny opowieści o Pikusie-Zeusie w późnym antyku, choć występuje ona w wielu wcześniejszych źródłach np. u Wergiliusza czy Diodora. Autorka wykazuje również niewiarygodność hipotezy Hilmana o domniemanym źródle pośrednim („euhemerystycznym opowiadaniu italskim”), poprzez które tytułowy Pikus miał zostać zaczerpnięty z Kroniki miasta Rzymu do Kroniki aleksandryjskiej  i dzieła Malalasa.
Rec. T. Graff, Najstarsze Bractwo Różańcowe w Wadowicach 1616-1822, Seria: Historia. Hereditas. Ecclesia., T. 8, red. A. Bruździński, T. Graff, Kraków 2020, ss. 240.
Authors: Kazienko Ewelina
Published: December 2021

Najstarsze Bractwo w Wadowicach funkcjonowało przez prawie cały okres staropolski, od 1616 do 1822 roku. Skupiało 2231 wiernych z parafii wadowickiej Ofiarowania NMP oraz okolicznych miejscowości. Odtworzona historia ruchu brackiego na podstawie zaginionej dziś XVIII wiecznej Księgi Brackiej stanowi dużą wartość dla poznania religijności lokalnej społeczności. Informacje zawarte w pracy posłużyć mogą również religioznawcom, genealogom, teologom.
La gestión estratégica en tiempos de Covid-19: una mirada desde el sector turístico - subsector de alojamiento
Authors: Marulanda-Valencia Flor Ángela , Arango Muñoz Diego Germán , Restrepo Montes Jonatahn Alexis
Published: December 2021

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo aplicar algunos de los planteamientos teóricos de la gestión estratégica al análisis de las medidas tomadas en establecimientos del subsector de alojamiento en Medellín ante el confinamiento y cierre de fronteras decretados para contener la pandemia del Covid-19. La información recolectada a partir de entrevistas con el personal directivo de establecimientos de alojamiento, el análisis de contenido de información publicada por entidades especializadas y la revisión de prensa permitieron realizar un diagnóstico de estos establecimientos en el momento más crítico, identificar estrategias de supervivencia y futuras perspectivas. Como resultado, los hoteles han disminuido drásticamente sus ingresos, lo que les ha dificultado el pago de sus gastos operacionales y obligaciones financieras. Sus directivos han tomado decisiones de reducción de costos que impactaron a sus stakeholders, y algunos establecimientos se adaptaron a los cambios del entorno a través de la modificación en los protocolos internos de prestación del servicio. Muchos establecimientos medianos y pequeños han cerrado operaciones, los formatos menos afectados han sido los que ofrecen largas estadías y algunas medidas gubernamentales han logrado mitigar los efectos negativos. El miedo o los deseos de vivir intensamente serán los sentimientos pospandemia en la población, que pueden salvar o acentuar la crisis.
Novel Formulations and Logic-Based Benders Decomposition for the Integrated Parallel Machine Scheduling and Location Problem
Authors: Li Yantong , Côté Jean-François , Callegari-Coelho Leandro , Wu Peng
Published: December 2021

We investigate the discrete parallel machine scheduling and location problem, which consists of locating multiple machines to a set of candidate locations, assigning jobs from different locations to the located machines, and sequencing the assigned jobs. The objective is to minimize the maximum completion time of all jobs, that is, the makespan. Though the problem is of theoretical significance with a wide range of practical applications, it has not been well studied as reported in the literature. For this problem, we first propose three new mixed-integer linear programs that outperform state-of-the-art formulations. Then, we develop a new logic-based Benders decomposition algorithm for practical-sized instances, which splits the problem into a master problem that determines machine locations and job assignments to machines and a subproblem that sequences jobs on each machine. The master problem is solved by a branch-and-cut procedure that operates on a single search tree. Once an incumbent solution to the master problem is found, the subproblem is solved to generate cuts that are dynamically added to the master problem. A generic no-good cut is first proposed, which is later improved by some strengthening techniques. Two optimality cuts are also developed based on optimality conditions of the subproblem and improved by strengthening techniques. Numerical results on small-sized instances show that the proposed formulations outperform state-of-the-art ones. Computational results on 1,400 benchmark instances with up to 300 jobs, 50 machines, and 300 locations demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm compared with current approaches.

Summary of Contribution: This paper employs operations research methods and computing techniques to address an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem: the parallel discrete machine scheduling and location problem. The problem is of practical significance but has not been well studied in the literature. For the problem, we formulate three novel mixed-integer linear programs that outperform state-of-the-art formulations and develop a new logic-based Benders decomposition algorithm. Extensive computational experiments on 1,400 benchmark instances with up to 300 jobs, 50 machines, and 300 locations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed models and algorithms.
Probability Distributions on Partially Ordered Sets and Network Interdiction Games
Authors: Dahan Mathieu , Amin Saurabh , Jaillet Patrick
Published: December 2021

This article poses the following problem: Does there exist a probability distribution over subsets of a finite partially ordered set (poset), such that a set of constraints involving marginal probabilities of the poset’s elements and maximal chains is satisfied? We present a combinatorial algorithm to positively resolve this question. The algorithm can be implemented in polynomial time in the special case where maximal chain probabilities are affine functions of their elements. This existence problem is relevant for the equilibrium characterization of a generic strategic interdiction game on a capacitated flow network. The game involves a routing entity that sends its flow through the network while facing path transportation costs and an interdictor who simultaneously interdicts one or more edges while facing edge interdiction costs. Using our existence result on posets and strict complementary slackness in linear programming, we show that the Nash equilibria of this game can be fully described using primal and dual solutions of a minimum-cost circulation problem. Our analysis provides a new characterization of the critical components in the interdiction game. It also leads to a polynomial-time approach for equilibrium computation.
Adjustable Robust Optimization Reformulations of Two-Stage Worst-Case Regret Minimization Problems
Authors: Poursoltani Mehran , Delage Erick
Published: December 2021

Although the stochastic optimization paradigm exploits probability theory to optimize the tradeoff between risk and returns, robust optimization has gained significant popularity by reducing computation requirements through the optimization of the worst-case scenario in a set. An appealing alternative to stochastic and robust optimization consists in optimizing decisions using the notion of regret. Although regret minimization models are generally perceived as leading to less conservative decisions than those produced by robust optimization, their numerical optimization is a real challenge in general. In “Adjustable Robust Optimization Reformulations of Two-Stage Worst-case Regret Minimization Problems,” M. Poursoltani and E. Delage show how to reduce a two-stage worst-case absolute/relative regret minimization problem to a two-stage robust optimization one. This opens the way for taking advantage of recent advanced approximate and exact solution schemes for these hard problems. Their experiments corroborate the high-quality performance of affine decision rules as a popular polynomial-time approximation scheme, from which, under mild conditions, one can even expect exact regret-averse decisions.
Socially Irresponsible Employment in Emerging-Market Manufacturers
Authors: Distelhorst Greg , McGahan Anita
Published: December 2021

Are socially irresponsible employment practices, such as abusive discipline and wage theft, systematically tied to manufacturing outcomes in emerging-market countries? Drawing on a stream of stakeholder theory that emphasizes economic interdependencies and insights from the fields of industrial relations and human resource management, we argue that working conditions within a firm are facets of a systemic approach to value creation and value appropriation. Some manufacturers operate “low road” systems that rest on harmful practices. Others operate “high road” systems in which the need to develop employees’ human capital deters socially irresponsible employment practices. To test the theory, we conduct a large-scale study of labor violations and manufacturing outcomes by analyzing data on over four thousand export-oriented small manufacturers in 48 emerging-market countries. The analysis demonstrates that socially irresponsible employment practices are associated with inferior firm-level manufacturing outcomes even after controlling for the effects of firm size, industry, product mix, production processes, host country, destination markets, and buyer mix. The theory and results suggest an opportunity for multinational corporations to improve corporate social performance in global value chains by encouraging their suppliers to transition to systems of value creation that rely on the development of worker human capital.

Funding: A. McGahan received funding from Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council [Grant 435-2016-0075].
Features of Functioning of Private and State Ports
Authors:   National University ", Lysenko N. ,   Odessa Maritime Academy", Burmaka L. ,   National University "Odessa Maritime Academy", Pavlenko V. ,   National University "Odessa Maritime Academy"
Published: December 2021

The article proves that government intervention in ports is necessary to regulate the production and provision of public goods and services to improve access to them. The conditions of port operations encourage private participation in the provision of port services in order to encourage the improvement of port efficiency. Ports are considered critical transportation hubs in economic development, which facilitates the movement of both imported and exported goods. Their ability to interact directly with the rest of the world can not only encourage or inhibit growth through trade, but can also bring with it international standards and expertise. Thus, countries depend heavily on their seaports to bring them closer to the globalization processes that surround them. Seaports are designed to facilitate the most efficient means of security, efficient loading / unloading and replenishment of ships. For these requirements, the ports are structured by different functions. The port can be divided into three separate areas of responsibility - port landowners, port operators and port regulation. "Privatize" in the sense of "make private" means the ability to transfer services or assets from state ownership or control to the ownership of a private entity. This happens in three ways: "deprivation of the right" – the transfer of state assets to private ownership through sale, return, transfer or liquidation; "Delegation" – the transfer of management and control over such government assets or activities to agents operating in accordance with certain market indicators; "Relocation" – passive assistance to the private sector to expand or by actively promoting the involvement of the private sector in former public sector activities – for example, transmission construction and operation projects and outsourcing. Privatization can be viewed in different ways, given the role of the state and its ability to produce results similar to those of privatized firms. Intervention by government agencies creates serious obstacles to the realization of competitive advantages, which allows such markets to operate effectively. Due to high cost structuring, underutilized resources and, as a result, high prices, SOCs are not only uncompetitive, but government regulation can actually continue to do so. SOC's ability to be innovative suggests that as consumer demands have changed, SOCs have adapted to more efficient production methods, which may not necessarily be new to the industry, but are at least new to the organization. However, this transformation is slower than private firms, and negative perceptions of the public interest persist.
Optimization of the Normative and Institutional Base of Functioning of Industrial Parks in the Conditions of Decentralization
Authors:   Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine, Borodina O.
Published: December 2021

The focus of the article is on the normative and institutional approach to optimizing the further functioning of industrial parks in Ukraine, namely: the need for systemic changes in the innovation and investment sphere to increase GDP growth per capita. The analysis of influence of industrial parks on macroeconomic indicators of a number of countries, and also, stimuli and dynamics of development of industrial parks in national economies of the world is carried out. Automation and maximum normative and institutional simplification of procedures in the creation and operation of industrial parks of foreign countries are stated. Emphasis is placed on the effectiveness of policies to prevent financial abuse in the procedures of state support for industrial parks, as well as the relevant factors enshrined in the legislation of some countries. The analysis of indicators of deindustrialization of the Ukrainian industry simultaneously with sharp "investment hunger" of economy of Ukraine which provokes unemployment, preserves poverty of the population, slows down industrial reconstruction is executed. The list of factors that complicate the implementation of industrial parks is systematized. The state of the regulatory framework for the functioning of industrial parks is analyzed, the presence of a number of draft laws aimed at restarting the idea of ​​creating and maintaining industrial parks is stated. Arguments of significant influence of industrial parks on the development of regional infrastructure and economy are given. It is stated that for many regions the development of industrial parks can be a salvation from repression. The criteria of expediency of their creation and efficiency of work in the regions are systematized. Emphasis is placed on the need to pay attention to regions in need of economic diversification, in particular the old coal regions, which fall under the government's mine closure program. As a concrete example, the analysis of the prospects of economic development of Donetsk region in the framework of the implementation of the Concept of economic development of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers in December 2020. An analysis of the latest strategic documents, in particular, the approved Development Strategy of Donetsk and Luhansk regions for the period up to 2030, given the comprehensive analysis, provided proposals for optimizing the regulatory and institutional framework for the formation and effective operation of industrial parks in Ukraine.
Foreign Trade Relations of Ukraine with the EU Countries: State, Trends and Development Priorities
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Mytsenko I. , Sukhomlyn M. ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Yurchenko O. ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: December 2021

In modern conditions, the involvement degree of any country in the international economic relations is determined to a significant extent by the state of its foreign trade activities. For Ukraine, the European Union is a key trading partner. The signing of the Association Agreement with the EU provided Ukrainian producers with the opportunity to increase their presence in European markets, but at the same time it was accompanied by a number of problems and risks. The main ones are tariff quotas and high technical barriers to entry into the EU market. This study aims to analyze the state and development trends of foreign trade relations between Ukraine and the EU under the conditions of the Association Agreement and the resulting benefits and risks for domestic producers and, on this basis, substantiate the priorities of deepening these relations, taking into account national interests as a prerequisite for increasing the competitive economy of Ukraine. It was found that Ukraine has the potential to enhance export opportunities in general and with the European Union in particular. Amendments to the Association Agreement, the signing of the ACAA Agreement is a necessary institutional framework, a driver that will allow Ukraine to intensify, deepen and diversify its trade activities with the EU countries. It was revealed that raw materials prevail in the structure of Ukraine's merchandise exports to the EU, however, compared to 2013, its share has significantly decreased - by 14.3%. The structure of Ukraine's merchandise imports from the EU is more diversified, it is based on engineering and pharmaceutical products, as well as mineral products, polymer materials and plastics. The share of these products in the total volume of Ukraine's merchandise imports during 2013-2020 remains high and ranges from 54-56 %. Such trends testify to the import dependence of the Ukrainian economy and require an urgent solution. Based on the results of the analysis, it was determined that machinery-producing industries are promising from the point of view of further increasing the export opportunities of Ukraine to the EU. To support and develop them, it is proposed to carry out systematic and systematic measures, taking into account the obligations that Ukraine assumed by signing the Association Agreement with the EU. Special economic zones, science parks, technology parks and clusters are considered as tools to support the export potential of domestic engineering and the economic potential of the national economy. The effectiveness of these structures has been confirmed by numerous studies and successful international experience.
Synthesis of health promotion concepts in children's palliative care
Authors: Bennett Virginia , Hain Richard , Pritchard Aaron W , Noyes Jane
Published: December 2021

Background:

Palliative care improves the health of children with a life-limiting condition and appears to draw implicitly on concepts shared with a model of health promotion. However, to date there has been no scrutiny about how this relationship may shape understanding about children's palliative care.

Aim:

To explore the influence of health promoting concepts on children's palliative care models, policies and guidelines.

Data sources:

Health and social care databases were searched for policies, models and guidelines published between 2000–2018. Additional searches of professional national and international healthcare websites, children's palliative care charities and UK and Ireland government websites were conducted.

Methods:

A best fit framework synthesis was used.

Findings:

A total of 55 policies and guidelines were reviewed for the framework synthesis. Eight themes were generated: (1) health promoting children's palliative care policy and guidelines; (2) planning ahead; (3) creating a supportive environment; (4) enabling coping and independence; (5) reorienting children's palliative care sectors; (6) the lengthening trajectory of need for support; (7) strengthening community engagement in children's palliative care; and (8) quality of life and value-based ideologies.

Conclusion:

The best fit framework synthesis confirmed a conceptual relationship between children's palliative care and health promotion. This is captured in a new model that will extend professionals' understanding.
Nitrogen, phosphorus, water and sediment losses under sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea l.) cultivation
Authors: Silva Paulo Alexandre , Veras Ludhanna Marinho , Pissarra Teresa Cristina Tarlé , Batista Katharine Viana , Vicentini Maria Elisa , Panosso Alan Rodrigo , Rolim Glauco de Souza
Published: December 2021

Sertãozinho-SP is a major world producer of sugarcane and peanuts. The crop rotation technique recovers soils and brings commercial benefits to producers. Objective: to determine the losses of water, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sediments, due to the use and occupation of the soil in the peanut and sugarcane crop, using the SWAT model, maintaining the topographic and physical attributes and climatic conditions of the Mogi-Guaçu River sub-watershed, in the Sertãozinho city – SP. To carry out this study, local data from digital elevation maps and soil pedological maps, precipitation, wind, solar radiation, and relative humidity were used. The actual accumulated evapotranspiration was higher in sugarcane (906.7 mm) when compared to peanuts (886.1 mm). Sediment losses were higher in peanuts (300.66 mm) when compared to sugarcane (280.69 mm), as well as losses of N (118.44 and 34.48 kg ha-1) and P (5.456 and 0.805 kg ha-1), respectively. It is concluded that the peanut crop showed the greatest losses of water, nutrients, and sediments, when compared to sugarcane, showing that the land cover directly influenced these losses. Studies like these can aid in decision-making about environmental policies, helping with soil and water conservation in Brazilian sub-watershed.
Negative effects of ant-plant interaction on pollination: costs of a mutualism
Authors: Nogueira Rodrigo R , Santos Danilo Ferreira Borges , Calixto Eduardo S , Torezan-Silingardi Helena Maura , Del-Claro Kleber
Published: December 2021

The mutualism of ants and extrafloral nectary (EFN)-bearing plants is known to reduce rates of herbivory. However, ants may have negative impacts on other mutualisms such as pollination, constituting an indirect cost of a facultative mutualism. For instance, when foraging on or close to reproductive plant parts ants might attack pollinators or inhibit their visits. We tested the hypothesis that ants on EFN-bearing plants may negatively influence pollinator behavior, ultimately reducing plant fitness (fruit set). The study was done in a reserve at Brazilian savannah using the EFN-bearing plant Banisteriopsis malifolia (Malpighiaceae). The experimental manipulation was carried out with four groups: control (free visitation of ants), without ants (ant-free branches), artificial ants (isolated branches with artificial ants on flowers) and plastic circles (isolated branches with plastic circles on flowers). We made observations on flower visitors and their interactions, and measured fruit formation as a proxy for plant fitness. Our results showed that pollinators hesitated to visit flowers with artificial ants, negatively affecting pollination, but did not hesitate to visit flowers with plastic circles, suggesting that they recognize the specific morphology of the ants. Pollinators spent more time per flower on the ant-free branches, and the fruiting rate was lower in the group with artificial ants. Our results confirm an indirect cost in this facultative mutualism, where the balance between these negative and positive effects of ants on EFN-bearing plants are not well known.
EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC ADDITIVES ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BITUMEN
Authors:   Highway and Transportation Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq,, Asmael Noor M. , Fattah Mohammed Y. ,   Civil Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq, Kadhim Abdalmhiman ,   Highway and Transportation Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: December 2021

Warm additives had wide popularity in recent years due to saving in energy and lowering emissions dealt with asphalt mixture production. Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is produced by using foaming technology or reducing -viscosity additives of binder to enhance the rheological properties. In this study, organic-based additives (Asphaltan A and Asphaltan B) are used to investigate their effect to minimize the viscosity and lower the temperature of asphalt mixture production. Bitumen is mixed with three doses of each additive: 1, 2, and 3% of its weight. The binder viscosity was measured by rotational viscometer with and without the additives at three different temperatures. The study showed that the organic additives have a positive impact on the behavior of the binder in terms of viscosity reduction and made enhancements in terms of bitumen properties. This result could be useful in the reduction of production temperature and quantity of odour emissions.
High-quality interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography with optimized high SNR holograms
Authors: Liu Chao , Man Tianlong , Wan Yuhong
Published: December 2021

Motivated by the key role of point spread function in an imaging system, we propose an interferenceless coded aperture correlation holographic (I-COACH) technology with low speckle and high energy efficiency annular sparse coded phase mask (CPM) as system pupil to improve imaging performance. In the proposed method, a modified Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) algorithm is proposed to obtain a low speckle and high energy efficiency annular sparse CPM and to suppress speckle and increase the intensity of the holograms. Therefore, the randomly distributed amplitude in the bandwidth of the GS algorithm is replaced by the annular amplitude to determine the spatial position, and the band-limited random phase and quadratic phase are used as the initial phase to approximately meet band-limited conditions; meanwhile, in the iterative process of the algorithm, appropriate constraints are imposed on the information within and outside the band limit. All are used for obtaining the CPM with low speckle and high energy efficiency. Therefore, the proposed technique here is coined as low speckle I-COACH owing to the characteristics of CPM and imaging performances. The experimental results show that, under the same experimental conditions, the proposed method can obtain holograms with low speckle and intensity enhancement of about 8%, and further improve the quality of reconstructed images due to the improvement signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the holograms. The proposed method provides a powerful reference method for further expanding the I-COACH system to the field of low-intensity optical signals detection and imaging.
Full-waveform LiDAR echo decomposition based on dense and residual
neural networks
Authors: Liu Gangping , Ke Jun
Published: December 2021

For full-waveform (FW) LiDAR signals, conventional echo decomposition methods use complicated filtering or de-noising algorithms for signal pre-processing. However, the speed and accuracy of these algorithms are limited. In this paper, we study a highly efficient and accurate decomposition method based on the FW dense connection network (FDCN) or FW deep residual network (FDRN). FDCN is a lightweight and efficient network for SNR higher than 24 dB, while FDRN is a deeper neural network with multiple residual blocks and works well for low SNR such as 12 dB. We compare FDCN and FDRN with other conventional methods. With FDCN and FDRN, the mean error for estimating an echo peak location is under 0.2 ns, while the amplitude error is under 5 mV when the dynamic range is

0
∼
100

m
V

. Both errors are much lower than the values using conventional methods.
Modified plaintext attacks in a session for an optical cryptosystem based on DRPE with PFS
Authors: Sachin  , Kumar Ravi , Singh Phool
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the security of an optical cryptosystem based on double random phase encoding (DRPE) with perfect forward secrecy (PFS) is analyzed for a particular session. In the cryptosystem, the PFS strategy is utilized to enhance the security and key management of the traditional DRPE scheme. Our analysis reveals that the use of PFS has certain advantages in the key management approach, but the method is still vulnerable against modified plaintext attacks when the attack is performed in the same session. Also, it is noted that the method is safe against conventional plaintext attacks, but it is vulnerable to the modified chosen and known plaintext attacks. The original plaintext can be easily retrieved with the proposed attack algorithms. Numerical simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed attack algorithms.
Broadband and high extinction ratio TE-pass/TM-stop polarizer at 850  nm using chirped subwavelength gratings
Authors: Liu Yu , Dong Yue , Xu Yin , Zhang Bo , Ni Yi
Published: December 2021

A polarizer is used to eliminate undesired polarization states and maintain an orthogonal one. The polarizer we proposed is designed on a silicon nitride (

S

i

3

N

4

) on insulator platform to achieve low-loss operation at the 850 nm wavelength region. Compared with conventional polarizer structures, chirped subwavelength gratings (SWG) are introduced in the proposed device’s main body to extend the wavelength band of the leakage mode, i.e., TM polarization state. Owing to the broadband nature of leakage mode, the operating bandwidth, which is defined as the wavelength region with extinction ratio (ER) higher than 20 dB, is increased dramatically. The simulation results show that the TE polarization state passes through the proposed polarizer with a high

E
R

=

46.24

d
B

and a low insertion loss

(

I
L

)
=

0.13

d
B

at 850 nm. A bandwidth broader than 171 nm is achieved with

E
R

>

20

d
B

and

I
L

<

1

d
B

over the wavelength region from 775 to 946 nm.