bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphologic characteristics of N‐methyi ‐N‐nitrosourea‐induced retinal degeneration in C57BL mice
Authors: Nambu Hiroyuki , Nakajima Motomaro , Shikata Nobuaki , Takahashi Kanji , Miki Hirohiko , Uyama Masanobu , Tsubura Airo
Published: December 2008

Morphologic characteristics of retinal degeneration induced by a single systemic administration of Methyl‐Knitro‐sourea (MNU) in mice was Investigated. The aim was to characterize the MNU‐Induced retinal lesions In mice and compare them with human retinitis pigmentosa. A dose of 60 mg/kg body weight MNU, Injected intraperttoneally into male and female C57BL mice, evoked progressive retinal degeneration in all treated mice, while control mice re mined normal. An early change was photoreceptor apoptosis followed by Infiltration of macrophages and swelling of the pigment epithellal cells with phagosomal inclusions for apoptotic photoreceptor cell removal. Loss of the majority of photoreceptor cells occurred within a week Then, Feulgenpositive corpuscies, indicative of an aggregation of degenerative photoreceptor elements, vitread the outer limiting membrane were surrounded by Müller cell processes, and the duplication of the pigment epithelial cells sciurid the outer limiting membrane were seen 2 and 3 weeks after the treatment. Finally, the Feulgen‐positive corpuscles disappeared and Müller cell processes were in direct contact with the continuous lining of the single layer of pigment epithellal cells. As in retinitis pigmentosa in humans, the primary event was loss of photoreceptor cells by apoptosis, but the migration of the pigment epithellal cells within the retina was not seen in the present model.
Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) ‐induced CD30 + natural killer cell‐type malignancy resembling malignant histiocytosis: Malignant transformation in chronic active EBV infection associating hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: Tsutsumi Yutaka , Tang Xiaoyan , Yamada Takuji
Published: December 2008

A 27‐year‐old male suffered from Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐related liver dysfunction with persistent hypogammaglobulinemia. IgG titers to EBV antigens were significantly high, while other hepatitis markers were negative. Liver biopsy disclosed active intralobular inflammation. Two years later, he manifested persistent fever, leukopenia, effusions and hypopmteinemia. and his general condition worsened progressively. the peripheral blood small lymphocytes predominantly expressed natural killer (NK)‐like phenotypes (CDP, CD7+, CD16+, CD56+). Hepatosplenomegaly and marked elevation of serum lactic dehydrogenase were observed. He died of respiratory failure at the age of 29. At autopsy, the liver (2190 g), spleen (860 g), small bowel and mesenteric lymph nodes showed massive Infiltration of large atypical lymphoid cells in close association with hemophagocytic histiocytes. Involvement was mildly noted also in the bone marrow, lungs, gall‐bladder and kidneys. The atypical cells belonged to CD30+ activated NK‐type cells expressing CD2, cytoplasmic CD3, CD7, CD45RO, CD56, HLA‐DR and HLA‐DQ.T cell receptors (TCR), surface CD3, CD4, CD5 and CD8 were not expressed. Epstein‐Barr virus‐related small nuclear RNA (EBER1) and Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated nuclear antigen 1 were detected In the nuciel of a significant number of atypical cells, while EBV‐related latent membrane protein‐1 was negative. EBER1 was also Identified In the nuclei of non‐neoplastic small lymphocytes at both biopsy and autopsy. Monoclonal integration of the EBV genome into the lymphoma cells was shown by Southern blot analysis. Clonal rearrangement of TCR was undetectable. Roles of chronic active EBV infection in the development of NK cell‐type malignancy resembling malignant histiocytosis are discussed.
Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma of the rib with a malignant mesenchymomatous component: An autopsy case report
Authors: Ishida Tsuyoshi , Kuwada Yukihlro , Motoi Noriko , Okaand Teruaki , Machinami Rikuo
Published: December 2008

A rare variant of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma wlth malignant mesenchymomatous component in a 57‐year‐old male is reported. The patient presented with a posterior mediastinal mass arising from the left eighth and ninth ribs showing well differentiated, low‐grade chondrosarcoma. Five years later, local recurrence occurred and an excised specimen also showed the same histological features as the primary tumor. Another 6 years later, the tumor recurred and metastasized to the multiple organs, the patient dying 4 months later. Autopsy revealed that the recurrent and metastatic tumors showed malignant mesenchymomatous ‘dedifferentiation’ of chondrosarcoma composed of rhab domyosarcoma, angiosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma, in addition to fibrosarcomatous areas. Although the less differentiated component of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma usually shows the histological features of malignant fibrous histiocytoma and fibrosarcoma, multilineage differentiation can occur in that component. The phenomenon of ‘dedifferentiation’ in chondrosarcoma and the relationship to and distinction from malignant mesenchymoma of soft tissue and bone are discussed.
Spindle cell carcinoma of the breast: A case report and an immunohistochemical study including p53 and Ki‐67 expression
Authors: Nakayama Yoshituku , Iwasaki Hiroshi , Iwanaga Shin‐ichi , Nakamura Hiroshi , Shiroshita Toyoo , Klkuchi Masahiro , Jozaki Hiroshi , Hashimoto Mikitoshi , Ikeda Seiyo
Published: December 2008

A rare case of spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) of the breast occurring In a 51‐yearold Japanese woman Is reported. A firm and well‐circumscribed tumor, measuring 9times8.5times8.5 cm, was located on the upper lateral region of the right breast. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of sheets of both malignant spindle cells and poorly differentiated ductal carcinoma containing squamold islands with gradual transition to the spindle cell component. The Immunocyto chemical expression of epithelial markers was recognized in the spindle cells, as well as in the carcinomatous cells. Moreover, the spindle cell component expressed vimentin, α‐smooth muscle actln and S‐100 protein. Ultrastructurally, in addition to the features of adenocarcinoma, squamous or rnyoeptthelial differentiation was confirmed in the spindle cell component. These findings thus suggest an epithelial origin with squamous differentiations and myoepithellal participation In the genesis of SpCC. In a comparative study, the expression of p53 protein and KI‐67 as a proliferation marker In each component of this tumor was also Investigated. The mean p53 labeling index (LI) in both the carcinomatous and spindle cell area was similar, however the mean MIB‐1 LI in the spindle cell area was significantly higher than that in the carcinomatous area. The results indicate that p53 over‐expression is Involved In the tumorigenesis of both components in the SpCC, and the spindle cell component shows a higher degree of proliferative activity than the carcinomatous component.
Latent infection with Epstein‐Barr virus in odontogenic disorders: Comparison among ameloblastoma, dentigerous cyst and odontogenic keratocyst
Authors: Fujita Shuichi , Shibata Yasuaki , Takahashi Hiroshi , Tsuda Nobuo , Okabe Haruo
Published: December 2008

In order to lnvestigate the relationship between Epsteln‐Barr vlrus (EBV) latent Infection and histogenesis of odontogenlc disorders, in sku hybrldization for EBV‐encoded small RNA (EBER) was applled to the paraffln sections of ameloblastoma, dentigerous cyst, and odontogenic keratocyst. Elght cases (15%) of 53 ameloblastomas showed scattered slgnals for EBER In the parenchymal cells, whereas no reaction of EBER transcript was observed In the non‐neoplastic cystic lesions. In the ameloblastoma, the folllcular and plexiform types revealed the signals in the nuclel, but cystic, acanthomatous, granular, and basal cell types exhibited no reaction with EBER. The distribution of the signals without monoclonarity lndlcated that ameloblastoma cells may exclude EBV genomes or inactivate EBER‐encoded genes. The results suggested that EBV participates as one of the transforming factors In the Occurrence of amelobiastoma.
Mucin‐producing adenocarcinoma of the lung, with special reference to goblet cell type adenocarcinoma: Immunohistochemical observation and Ki‐ras gene mutation
Authors: Maeshima Arafumi , Miyagi Akiko , Hirai Toshikazu , Nakajima Takashi
Published: December 2008

To clarify its biological nature, 10 samples of goblet cell‐type adenocarcinoma of the lung were collected and compared with 10 other pulmonary much‐producing adene carcinomas with respect to Immunohistochemical features and the presence of Ki‐ras gene mutation in codons 12 and 13. Goblet cell‐type adenocarcinomas lacked lmmunoreactlvlty for surfactant apoprotein and S‐100 protein‐positive Langerhans cells, which was in marked contrast to other mucin‐producing adenocarcinomas. In addition, the mucin gene products, MUC‐1 and MUC‐2 glycoproteins were immunohistochemically stained. The msuh showed that MUC‐1 giycoprotein is frequently expressed by mucin‐producing adenocarcinomas except the goblet cell‐type. Ki‐ras gene mutation was detected in 12 of 20 (60%) mucin‐producing adenocarcinomas. These mutations were exclusively found in codon 12 and G to A transitions were the most frequent type of alteration in the KI‐ras gene. In goblet cell‐type adenocarcinomas, the frequency of KI‐ras gene mutation was 80% consisting of G to A transitions and G to T transversions in six and two tumors, respectively. Therefore, goblet cell‐type adenocarcinomas differed from other mucin‐producing adeno‐carcinomas in terms of immunohistochemical and molecular biological features, suggesting that goblet cell‐type adenocarclnomas are distinctly different from other subtypes of adenocarcinomas.
Expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas and its correlation with p53 protein expression
Authors: Yasd Wataru , Akama Yoshihiko , Yokozaki Hiroshi , Semba Shuho , Kudo Yasusei , Shimamoto Fumio , Tahara Eiichi
Published: December 2008

The expression of p53‐Inducible cylln‐dependent kinase Inhibitor, p21WAF1/CIP1 in non‐neopiastic mucosa, adenoma and adenocarclnoma of the colorectum was examined by immunohistochemistry and western bootting and Its relation with the expression of p53 protein was analyzed. Non‐neoplastic epithelial cells at the surface area showing no proitferative activity expressed p21WAF1/CIP1.The expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 was lmmunohistochemlcally detected in 55% (206/377 of the adenomas and 66% (190/289) of the adenocarcinomas, respectively. The lncldence of strongly positive cases was significantly higher In the adenocarcinomas (27%) than In the adenomas (18%) (P<.05). The incidence of cases wtth strong p21WAF1/CIP1 expression was higher In stages 0,1 and 2 carcinomas than in stages 3 and 4 carcinomas (P<0.05). A decrease in the incidence of cases with strong expression was detected in carclnomas Invading deeper than muscularis propria. The influence of strongly positive cases was signiflcantly lower in carcinomas with lymph node metastasis than those without metastasls (P<0.05). The expression of p21 as well as p53 detected by western blotting was compatlble with the results of lmmunohistochemlstry in most cases examined. However, there was no significant correlatlon between the expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 and the abnormal accumulation of p53. These findlngs overall suggest that: (i) the physiological expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 may be associated with cellular senescence of colorectal mucosa; (ii) reduced expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 participate in the progression of colorectal carcinoma; and (iii) p53‐Independent paulway may be considerably Involved In the inductions of p21WAF1/CIP1.
Restoration of Leydig cells after repeated administration of ethane dimethanesulfonate in adult rats
Authors: Miyano Masao , Ito Yasuhim , Fujihira Shim , Matsuo Takahiro , Ueno Hiroshi , Morl Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

Adult male rats were repeatedly treated with ethane dimethanesutfonate (EDS), an agent known to destroy Leydlg cells selectively. Following a second Injection, changes In serum testostemna levels and histological and morphametric changes of Leydlg cells showed the time course to be similar to those after the flrst treatment. The number and volume of Leydlg cells markedly decreased at day 2, began to increase from day 7, and recovered to the values of the contml rats at day 30, concomitant with the changes of serum testosterone levels. Cells in the interstitial tlssue labeled wlth bromodeoxyuridlne markedly increased In number at day 2, gradually decreased thereafter, and returned to the values of the controls at day 14. During this period, cells undergoing mltosls were seen, their type unable to be determined, but were presumed to be regenerating Leydlg cells. Even 30 days following four treatments with Intervals of 30 days each, serum testosterone levels were the same as those in the controls. Also the numerlcal and volume denstties of Leydig cells and the volume of an average Leydlg cell were the same as those of the controls. Mttosis was observed In mature Leydig cells at this perlod, if any. It appears that new Leydig cells began to proliferate by division earller than 14 days after EDS, allowing that there were several stages of proliferation, and that the source of reappearing Leydig cells may not be a limited number of precursor cells, impiying the presence of stem cells for Leydig cells.
Columnar cell carcinoma of the thyroid
Authors: Fukunaga Masaharu , Shinozaki Shigeru , Miyazawa Yoshio , Ushigome Shinichim
Published: December 2008

A case of columnar cell carcinoma of the thyroid occurring in a 50‐yearoid female is described. Histologically, the 2 cm tumor showed a prominent papillary architecture with thin fibrous cores covered by columnar cells and marked nuclear stratiflcation. It also showed microfollicular, glandular, and solid pattems. The nuclear features were different to those of conventional papillary carcinomas and similar to those of follicular tumors. The tumor was principally encapsulated with vascular and minimal capsular invaslon. The tumor cells were positive for thymglobulin. The tumor was DNA diploid with a low S phase fraction as determined by flow cytometry. The patient had no lymph node or distant metastasis. The patient was well and without disease 9 months after surgery. The possibility that the neoplasm is one of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas rises.
Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising in a giant urachal cyst associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei and stromal osseous metaplasia
Authors: Sasano Himnobu , Shlzawa Soichirou , Nagura Hiroshi , Yamaki Toshihiko
Published: December 2008

An unusual urachal lesion, which Is a muclnous adenocarcinoma arising in a giant urachal cyst and is associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei and stromal osseous metaplasia of the cyst wall, was examlned in a 45‐year‐old male. m cyst was encapsulated, measured 22×20 ×20 cm and weighed 3800 g. The unilocular cavlty was filled with much. Most of the cystic cavity was lined with tall, slmple or stratifled columnar eplthellum wlth a focus of papillary provon into the cavity. These findings suggest that this cystic lesion represents cystadenoma rather than a simple cyst. Foci of lnvasive moderately differentiated mucinous adenocarclnoma were detected in the area of macroscopic papillary fronds. Carcinoembryonic antigen and CA19–9 were immunohistochemically positive for tumor cells and their serum levels were also elevated. Stromal dystrophic calcification was extensively observed In the cyst wall with focl of osseous metaplasia. Muclnous Implants, whlch histologically demonstrated adherent muclnous masses without epithellal components on the surface, were observed in the pelvic and abdominal cavity, lndicating pseudomyxoma peritonei.
Multicentric angiosarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Usuda Hiroyuki , Naito Makoto
Published: December 2008

A case of multlcentrlc gastrolntestinal angiosarcoma suffering from severe melena Is presented. Endoscopical examination revealed two polyps In the stomach and duodenum. Hlstologlcal examlnatlon showed anglosarcoma. Although a gastroduodenectomy was performed, severe melena continued, and the patient developed respiratory failure and died. At autopsy, multlple hemor‐rhagic tumors were present from the duodenum to the cecum. Histologically the tumors demonstrated vasofor‐matlve structure and were lmrnunohistochemically positive for von Wlllebrand factor (factor Vlll related antigen), CD34, and CD31. Numerous metastases were found In various organs, including the lungs, bones, liver, gall‐bladder, and lymph nodes. The patlent had recelved hemodlalysis for 21 years due to chronic renal failure. Long‐term dialysis had been associated with various malignancies. Multicentric development of anglosarcoma in the presentcase may also be related to long‐term dialysis.
Intramural sarcoma of the carotid artery with adventitial inflammation and fibrosis resembling ‘inflammatory aneurysm’
Authors: Mikaml Yoshiki , Manabe Toshiaki , Iie J. T. , Sakurai Takaki , Endo Koichi
Published: December 2008

A rare case Is descrlbed of an Intramural sarcoma of the rlght common carotld artery coexistlng wlth adventitial inflammation and flbrosls, resembllng ‘inflammatory aneurysm’, which was resected from a 33‐yearold Japanese woman who had presented with a pulsatile mass on the rlght side of the anterior neck. Grossly, the wall of the carotld artery showed an intimal tear with dlssectlon of the medla filled with thrombus. A graylsh area, abutting directly onto the dlssected space and Involving the media and inner adventltia, was composed of a‐smooth muscle actin‐positive and desmln‐negative polygonal and splndle cells with large bluntended nuclei and coarse granular chromatin arranged Into a well‐organized Interlacing bundle pattern. This portlon was thus considered to represent lelomyosarcoma. White to yellow‐tan fibrotic tissue present in the adventitial area consisted of extensive lamellar fibrosis wlth scattered focl of lymphoplasmacytlc aggregates and obliterated arteries, and lacked atypical spindle and polygonal cells. These changes accorded with the histopathologlcal findlngs hitherto described in cases of ‘inflammatory aneurysm’, which is known to almost exclusively involve the abdominal aorta. We conslder this case unique In that the leiomyosarcoma involved an artery other than the aorta, wlth an ‘inflammatory aneurysm’‐like reaction in the same she. The posslble relatlonship between these two condltions Is dlscussed.
Multiple gastric lipomas: Report of an asymptomatic case found at autopsy
Authors: Ventura Luca , Ieocata Pietro , Guadagni Stefano , Ventura Terenzio
Published: December 2008

Gastric lipomas are uncommon lesions, usually single and located in the antrum. Common symptoms include upper digestive bleeding, anemia, and intestinal obstruction. Alternatively, they may remain asymptomatic, and detectable only at autopsy. A case of a 72‐yearold man, who died of myocardial infarction, was found at autopsy to have multiple gastric lipomas of the corpus and antrum, with a single lesion measuring 10˜6.5˜3 cm.
Autoregulation of portal circulation: A correlative study of circulation and vascular morphology
Authors: Nanjo Hiroshi , Masuda Hirotake , Sate Tsutomu , Kawamura Koichi , Asanuma Yoshihiro , Koyama Kenji
Published: December 2008

To Investigate the mechanism of portal circulation and the genesis of portal hypertension, an in vivo model was made to Increase portal venous flow (PVF) by forming a bypass shunt between the femoral artery to the spienic venous branch in pigs and dogs via a regulatable pump. Using this model, an autoregulatory hemodynamics of the portal circulation and corresponding morphological changes of the intrahepatic vascular system were determined. Immediately after blood flow increase (100 mL/min) to the portal vein, PVF increased to the baseline level plus bypass shunt flow. But, PVF returned to the baseline level within 1 h for both animals. Portal venous resistance (PVR) at 1 h was significantly higher than the baseline level (R0.05). By histometric analysis of the cross‐sectional area of the portal and hepatic venous branches (CSA‐PV, CSA‐HV) using the biopslzed liver, CSA‐HV at 1 h was 27.6% of the CSA‐HV of the baseline level in dog, which showed narrowing and contractive changes of the hepatic venous branches, and CSA‐PV at 1 h was 36.4% of the CSA‐PV of the baseline level In pig. which showed narrowing and contractive changes of the portal venous branches. It Is suggested that a tone of the intrahepatic vascular system has an important role In the portal autoregulatory hemodynamics.
Expression of bcl‐6 protein in normal skin and epidermal neoplasms
Authors: Kanazawa Nobuo , Moriyama Masatsugu , Onizuka Toshiko , Sugawara Koumei , Mori Shigeo
Published: December 2008

Bcl‐6 protein is a recently identified novel transcription factor whose deregulated expression is associated with diffuse large B cell lymphomas. It was recently shown by us that the protein is located in germinal center B cells and their neoplastic counterparts. In the present study, the expression of bcl‐6 protein on normal epidermlis, benign, and malignant tumors originating from epidermal cells, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines are investigated. With the use of Immunohistochemistry., bcl‐6 protein was shown to stain intensely on normal prickle cells, but none to only slightly on epidermal basal cells. Papillomas and keratoacanthomas copied their normal counterparts in the mode of expression. Various levels of expression were found on seborrheic keratoses, while the expression level on basal cell epithellomas was low. Pecullariy, eccrine poromas and undifferentiated spindle‐shaped basal cell epithellomas wen totelly unstained. Squamous cell carcinomas showed a variety of expression levels, while two undifferentiated spindle‐shaped carcinomas and one undifferentiated SCC cell line remained unstained. These results suggest that the expression of bcl‐6 protein may be associated with morphological differentiation in normal and neoplastic epidermal cells.
Solitary esophageal metastasis of breast cancer with 15 years' latency: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Fujii Kimihito , Nakanishi Yukihiro , Ochiai Atsushi , Tsuda Hitoshi , Yamaguchi Hajime , Tachimori Yuji , Kato Holchi , Watanabe Hiroshi , Shimoda Tadakazu
Published: December 2008

A 68‐year‐old woman with a history of breast and colon cancer at the ages of 48 and 65 years, respectively, who presented with dysphagia is described. An upper gastrointestinal series and endoscopic examination revealed a circumferential stricture without ulceration in the middle‐third area of the esophagus. Computed tomography demonstrated a submucosal tumor in the esophageal wall. A biopsy specimen obtained from the mucosa overlying the tumor revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, suggesting metastasis from the previous breast cancer. Subtotal esophagectomy with reconstruction was performed. Macroscopically, a submucosal tumor measuring 2.0×1.7 cm was observed in the resected esophagus. Microscopic examination revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, which was quite similar histologically to the breast cancer resected 15 years previously. Enzyme Immunoassay and Immunohistochemical analyses of the resected tumor revealed positivity for both estrogen and progesterone receptor, confirming the diagnosis of a metastatic cancer from the previous breast tumor.
A case of the calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) deposition disease without condylar destruction of the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Onodera Ken , Ichinohasama Ryo , Saito Masaji , Ooya Klyoshi
Published: December 2008

The case of caiclum pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) deposition disease, which occurred at a rare site in the temporomandibular Joint (TMJ), is presented. A 48‐year‐old woman noted swelling in the preauricular area of her left cheek, which restricted her mouth opening. Radiological examination reveaied a radiopaque lesion in the posterior and medial area of the left space of the TMJ. During the opsration, the superior Joint space was entirely filled with a solid and whitish‐gray mass of chalky appearance. The lesion was partiy attached to the retrodiscal tissue without any destructive change around the condyle and mandibular form. Histological examination revealed the focl of amorphous crystalline material to contain rhomboidal, rod and needle shaped crystals, which had cartilaginous tissue in the dense fibrous background admixed with chronic inflammatory cells and foreign body‐type giant cells. The crystals were positive for von Kossa's stain and spectral peaks for phosphorus and caiclum were evident by electron probe microanalysis, thus suggesting the presence of CPPD.
Fatty replacement of the pancreatic body and tail associated with leiomyosarcoma of the pancreatic head
Authors: Shimizu Michio , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Matsumoto Takayuki , Iwamoto Sueharu , Manabe Toshiaki
Published: December 2008

A case of fatty replacement of the pancreatic body and tall associated with leiomyosarcoma of the pancreatic head is presented. Clinicopathological features as well as differential diagnoses are described with a review of the literature on both leiomyosarcoma and fatty replacement of the pancreas. A possible correlation between the two lesions is also discussed.
Biphasic synovial sarcoma of the peritoneal cavity with t(X;18) demonstrated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Kashima Takeshi , Matsushita Hiroshi , Kuroda Masahiko , Takeuchi Haruko , Udagawa Harushi , Ishida Tsuyoshi , Hara Mitsuru , Machinami Rikuo
Published: December 2008

A case of a biphasic synovial sarcoma, arising on the inner surface of the anterior abdominal wall of a 13‐year‐old girl, is reported. Although the tumor showed rather typical histological and Immunohistochemical features for synovial sarcoma, Its unusual clinical presentation and anatomical location caused diagnostic difficulty, especially with regard to differentiation from a malignant mesothelioma. Applying reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis, the SYT‐SSX2 chimeric gene transcripts that result from the transiocation, t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2), found in most synovial sarcomas could be demonstrated. Thus, this RT‐PCR approach is a rellable method for confirming the diagnosis of synovial sarcomas in unusual locations.
Vascular intimal carcinomatosis: An autopsy case of unusual form of pulmonary metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Tamashima Sadahiro , Shigeyama Junsho , Shimizu Shin‐ichi , Suchi Taizan
Published: December 2008

A 44‐year‐old woman with an unusual form of pulmonary metastasis is described. She presented with pulmonary thrombosis and clinical signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and died of cerebral hemorrhage. The autopsy study revealed transitional cell carcinoma of the left renal peivils with pulmonary thrombosis In the large arteries. The intima of the vessels were intact on gross inspection except where the thrombi adhered to. The thrombi contained no tumor cells. However, microscopic examination identffied that the metastatic carcinoma diffusely replaced the endothelium and proliferated on to the intimal surface without invasion of the wall and metastatic nodules In the parenchyma. Other examined organs had neither primary nor metastatic tumors, except for microscopic metastasis to the inferior vena cava. To date, this pattern of metastasis has not been noted In previous literature. This condition was deslgnated as being vascular intimal carcinomatosis because of its characteristic manner of tumor proliferation on vascular intima.
Hyperplastic foci in chronic liver disease: Their proliferative activity assessed by nucleolar organizing region
Authors: Wakasa Kenichi , Haba Tomoko , Sasaki Masaomi , Sakurai Masami , Ikebe Takashl , Shuto Taichi , Hirohashi Kazuhiro , Kinoshita Hiroaki
Published: December 2008

In the cirrhotic and precirrhotic liver, there may be small foci with increased cellularity and amphophilic cytoplasm. These are microscopic lesions that do not form macroscopically detectable nodules, which differ from the macroscopically apparent nodules of dysplastic nodules. In the present study, we assessed the proliferating activity of 12 hyperplastic foci in 11 patients with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis, by staining for agyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions (AgNOR). The mean AgNOR count per nucleus in the hyperplastic foci ranged from 0.96 to 1.36 (mean, 1.13; SD 0.12), and from 0.81 to 1.06 (mean, 0.94; SD 0.08) in the controls. The AgNOR count In the hyperplastic foci was significantly higher than that In the controls (P> 30.01). Small hyperplastic foci show Increased proliferative activity. Further study on these foci is required to clarify their relation to hepatocarcinogenesis.
Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura causing recurrent hypoglycemia by secretion of insulin‐like growth factor II
Authors: Fukasawa Yuichiro , Takada Akio , Tateno Masatoshi , Sato Hidetoshi , Koizumi Makoto , Tanaka Akihiko , Sato Tei
Published: December 2008

A case of malignant solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is reported, occurring in a 61‐year‐old man with frequent hypoglycemia. Endocrinological analyses showed high serum levels of insulin‐like growth factor II (IGF‐II) and suppressed secretion of insulin. After the removal of a pleural tumor, which weighed 3150g, serum IGF‐II levels returned to normal and hypoglycemic attacks ceased. The tumor was composed of uniform spindle cells arranged in bundles, and fascicles with varying amounts of collagen and retlculin fibers. Mitotlc figures at the rate of 6/10 high‐power fields, and frequent foct of necrosis and hemorrhage were seen. Almost all of the tumor cells were Immunohlstochemically positive for vimentin and CD34. Electron microscopy revealed the immature mesenchymal or myofibroblastic nature of the tumor cells. These findings are consistent with malignant SFT of the pleura. Moreover, the tumor produced IGF‐II mRNA as demonstrated by northern blot analysis. Thus, hypoglycemia of this patient was induced by SFT through the production and secretion of IGF‐II.
Pericellular deposition of basement membrane material in myxoid meningioma: Immunohistochemical evidence for unbalanced production of type IV collagen and laminin
Authors: Kimura Yoko , Matsumae Mitsunori , Tsutsumi Yutaka
Published: December 2008

Myxold meningioma seen In a 25‐year‐old man is presented. Hlstologlcally, Leu 7‐positive meningotheliomatous tumor cells were embedded in the alclanophilic myxoid matrix. Characteristically, eosinophilic granular deposition was detected around the tumor cells and the boundary of tumor cells was not clearly defined. The pericellular deposits revealed the nature of the basement membrane with positive reactions by periodic acid‐Schlff (PAS) sequence and immunostaining for type IV collagen, which is the major structural component of basement membrane. However, laminin, which is a non‐collagenous glycoprotein of the basement membrane, was undetectable, and silver was not impregnated. Similar abnormal deposition of PAS‐positive basement membrane‐like material was observed in the myxoid stroma of a microcystic meningioma among 72 meninglomas additionally examined. The significance of the discrepant localization of immunoreactive type IV collagen and laminin is discussed.
Detection of circulating tumor cells in a patient with intravascular lymphomatosis: A case study examined by the cytology method
Authors: Emura Iwao , Naito Makoto , Wakabayashi Masaya , Yoshizawa Hirohisa , Arakawa Masaaki , Choir Takaaki
Published: December 2008

Detection of circulating tumor cells in a patient with Intravascular lymphomatosis (IVL) of the lung is reported. Peripheral blood ceils were suspended in an isotonic sodium chloride solution, and red blood cells were lysed. The suspension was smeared on glass slides, fixed In 95% ethanol solution and stained using the Papanicolaou method. At the diagnosis of IVL, approximately 65 tumor cells were detected in one smear preparation, which contained about 8 × 105 nucleated cells. However, tumor cells disappeared from peripheral blood when those in the lung were eliminated by multiagent chemotherapy. Cytology examination of peripheral blood cells may be of assistance in the early diagnosis of IVL and In the assessment of therapeutic intervention.
Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated Hodgkin's disease in HTLV‐I seropositive patients: A report of two cases
Authors: Sadahira Yoshito , Nishihara Hiroji , Shimizu Michio , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Wada Hideho , Yamada Osamu , Yawata Yosihito , Manabe Toshiaki
Published: December 2008

Diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease (HD) is quite difficult in the patient with seropositlvlty for human T cell lymphotropic virus I (HTLV‐I). Herein, two cases of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐associated HD, which occurred In males with seropositlvity for anti‐HTLV‐l, are reported. One patient is alive and was diagnosed as having interfollicular HD with CD20+CD15‐CD30‐CD3‐CD4‐CD8‐CD45RO‐Reed‐Stern‐berg (R‐S) cells. Positivity for EBV‐encoded RNA1 (EBER‐1) and latent membrane protein 1 (LMP‐1) was shown on folllcular germinal center cells and R‐S cells. In that case, neither T cell receptor (TCR) β chain rearrangement nor integration of the HTLV‐I provlrus was demonstrated In the lymph nodes, although atyical lymphocytes (2%) were found in the peripheral blood. The other case pursued an aggressive clinical course and the patient was diagnosed as having an adult T cell leukemla/lymphoma (ATLL) because of the presence of antl‐HTLV‐l antibody, lymph node swelling, and the appearance of flower‐like cells in the peripheral blood. However, an autopsy revealed no obvious ATLL cell infiltration in any of the organs examined. Multiple granulomatous lesions were found In the bone marrow, liver, kidneys, spleen, and lymph nodes. Reassessment of lymph node lesions In biopsies and granulomatous lesions in autopsy samples demonstrated that both lesions contained CD15+CD30+CD3‐CD4‐CD8‐CD20‐CD45RO‐EBER‐1+LMP‐1+R‐S cells, and they were considered to be a composite lymphoma of HD and ATLL. These two cases therefore suggest that EBV‐associated HD can develop in patients with seropositivity for HTLV‐I.
Low‐grade B cell lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue in the thymus of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yokose Tomoyuki , Kodama Tetsuro , Matsuno Yoshlhlro , Shimosato Yukio , Nishimura Mitsuyo , Mukal Kiyoshi
Published: December 2008

The majority of thymlc lymphomas are either lymphoblastic lymphoma, large B cell lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease, and other types of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma are rare. A case of low‐grade B cell lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) In the thymus is reported. A 55‐year‐old Japanese female with a history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) complained of back pain. A mediastinal tumor was identified by computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and the thymus was resected through median sternotomy. The solid and nodular tumor had several small satellite extensions and was completely confined to within the thymus. Hlstologically, monotonous medium‐sized centrocyte‐like cells occupied the medulla of the thymus and Infiltrated Hassan's corpuscles (lymphoepithellal lesions). Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for CD20 and CD79a. IgA and kappa light chain restriction were also found in plasmacytoid cells in the tumor. Clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction. This case was diagnosed as MALT‐type low‐grade B cell lymphoma In the thymus. This is the first report of low‐grade B cell lymphoma In the thymus associated with RA. As autoimmune diseases are known to be associated with lymphoid neoplasms, It is suggested that the RA played an Important role in the development of malignant lymphoma in this case.
Histological and biological characteristics of microinvasion in mammary carcinomas ≤ 2 cm in diameter
Authors: Takasaki Takashi , Akiba Suminori , Sagara Yoshiatu , Yoshida Hiroki
Published: December 2008

Fifty‐two mammary carcinomas, 2 cm or less in diameter, were examined in order to clarify the morphology and biology of microinvasion. The morphological characteristics of microinvasion of carcinomas include: (i) a loss of myoeplthelial cells and a rupture with concomitant loss of collagen IV and lamlnin in the basement membrane of involved mammary glands; and (ii) budding of carcinomas from the rupture into the stroma. When microinvasion was defined as a rupture of < 200 pm In the basement membrane with invasion, the number of microinvasions per 1 mm of basement membrane was larger in the tumors in which the area of invasion was larger. The prevalence of microinvasion showed a significant correlation with lymph node metastasis and the rate of histological deviation, while no correlation of expression of either estrogen receptors or progesterone receptors and c‐erbB‐2 protein was found. The study clarified that the early invasion of mammary carcinomas could be detected by the immunohistochemical method using anti‐smooth muscle actin, laminin and collagen IV antibodies. The study also suggested that microinvasion might be an indicator of lymph node metastasis in mammary carcinomas ≤ 2 cm diameter.
A case of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid foci and a small daughter lesion
Authors: Kuroda Naoto , Hayashi Yoshitake , Itoh Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which has recently been recognized to be a distinct type of RCC, comprises approximately 5% of renal cell tumors. It has been hypothesized that the cells that comprise chromophobe RCC show a phenotype similar to that of intercalated cells of the collecting duct Although the number of research reports on this type of tumor has recently been increasing, only nine cases of chromophobe RCC showing sarcomatoid transformation have been described. Herein, a case of chromophobe RCC with sarcomatoid foci and a small daughter lesion is reported.
Parvovirus B19‐associated transient pure red cell aplasia with lymphadenopathy: A case report
Authors: Sadahira Yoshito , Yoshimoto Shizuo , Manabe Toshiaki
Published: December 2008

There have been few reports on lymph node swelling in human parvovirus (HPV) B19 infection. A report of a 42‐year‐old female, who developed HPV B19‐associated transient red cell aplasia with lymphadenopathy, is presented. The lymph node swelling began with the appearance of atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and it disappeared as the patient recovered from the aplasia. Microscopically, the patient's bone marrow showed characteristic giant proerythroblasts with no maturation of the erythroid series. An excised inguinal lymph node showed florid, reactive follic‐ular hyperplasia with paracortex expansion, and neutrophil infiltration and hemophagocytosis In the medullary sinus. These findings were compatible with the histology of a viral infection. A polymerase chain reaction study revealed HPV B19 in her serum and lymph node, but an immunohistochemical study failed to demonstrate HPV B19 capsid antigen in the lymph node or bone marrow. Although the present case suggests that reactive lymphadenopathy is associated with HPV B19 infection, the mechanism of the lymph node swelling still remains to be elucidated.
A case of small cell carcinoma arising in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary
Authors: Lim Sung‐Chul , Choi Sang Joon , Sun Chae Hong
Published: December 2008

Malignant transformation of ovarian mature cystic teratomas is reported to occur in about 1% of cases. The most common malignant evolution is that of squamous cell carcinoma and one of the least common is that of small cell carcinoma. We report a case of distant metastasis from a small cell carcinoma arising in a mature cystic teratoma. A 28‐year‐old nulliparous female presented with signs of supraclavicutar lymph node metastasis. This Is the first known case report of lymph node metastasis as an Initial sign of cancer developing in a pre‐existing mature cystic teratoma. Histologically, the tumor cells had microscopic features similar to those of pulmonary small cell carcinoma. This report gives a literature review, and the histological, Immunohistochemical, flow cytometric and ultrastructural features are described.
Disturbed pyloric motility in Ws/Ws mutant rats due to deficiency of c‐kit expressing interstitial cells of Cajal
Authors: Nakarna Akihiro , Hirota Seiichi , Okazaki Toshihiko , Nagano Kouichi , Kawano Sunao , Hori Masatsugu , Kitamura Yukihiko
Published: December 2008

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are believed to lnitlate the basic contractile activity of the gastrointestlnal tract. Interstitial cells of Cajal express c‐kit receptor tyroslne kinase and are deficient in Ws/Ws mutant rats with a small deletion of the c‐kit gene. As Ws/Ws rats show remarkable bile reflux to the stomach, the contraction pressure of the pylorus was compared between Ws/Ws and control +/+ rats. The contraction pressure of the pylorus was measured using a mlcrotransducer, which was Inserted through a pln‐hole in the anterlor wall of the stomach under anesthesla. The magnitude of bile reflux was estimated by measurlng the content of bile acids In the stomach. The c‐kit messenger RNA‐expressing cells were detected by in sltu hybrldlzatlon. Frequency and the maxlmum pressure of the contractlon were comparable between Ws/Ws and +/+ rats, but the duration of the contractlon was significantly shorter In Ws/Ws rats than In +/+ rats. The number of c‐kit messenger RNA‐expresslng ICC in the pylorus of Ws/Ws rats was 1.7% that of +/+ rats. The bile reflux observed in Ws/Ws rats was attributed to the decrease in the duration of the pyloric contraction, which appeared to result from the deficlency of c‐kit messenger RNA‐expressing ICC.
Systemic expression of a newly recognized protein, LECT2, in the human body
Authors: Nagal Hisakazu , Hamada Tomoml , Uchida Toshikazu , Yamagoe Satoshi , Suzuki Kazuo
Published: December 2008

LECT2 (leukocyte cellderived chemotaxln 2) Is a new, recently isolated protein shown to be syntheslzed by hepstocytes. All hepntocytea show diffuse lmmunostalnlng for LECT2 within the cytoplasm. In the present study an attempt was made to Investigate the expression of LECT2 In normal and diseased human organs and tlssues, other than the Iiver, using indirect lmmunoperoxldase stalning. LECT2 was found to be generally expressed In vascular, endothellel and smooth muscle cells, adlpocytes, cerebral nerve cells, apical squamous epithelia, parathyrold cells, sweat and sebaceous glandular eplthella, Hassell bodies and some mononuclear cells In lmmunohematopoletlc tissue, although some of theae cells and tlssues were occaslonally unstained In dlseased condltlons. Attemathrely, thls protein was generally negatlve, although It was occasionally posltively stalned In osteoblasts, chondrocytes, cardlac and skeletal muscle cells, smooth muscle cells of the gastrolntestlnal tract, and the eplthellal cells of some tissues. LECT2 seems to be related to the cell cycle or repair process following damage to a variety of cells.
Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the vulva: Case report with cytological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and DNA ploidy studies and a review of the literature
Authors: Igarashi Tsukasa , Sasano Hironobu , Konno Ryo , Sato Shinji , Namiki Tsuneo , Ohtani Haruo , Nagura Hiroshi , Yajima Akira
Published: December 2008

A case of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the vulva in a 25‐year‐old female was examined. The patient presented with a subcutaneous nodule in the lefl labium majus. Smears of the material obtained by percutaneus fineneedle asplratlon demonstrated clusters of atypical cells with prominent nucleoli. The tumor measured 6 × 5 × 5 cm and appeared tan to brown on the cut surface and partly cystlc. Pathological findings obtalned from intraoperative frozen tlssue sections had been originally interpreted as rhabdomyosar‐coma. Light microscopic examination revealed that polyge nal tumor cells having vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli were arranged in sheets and the great majority of the tumor cells contained an eosinophillc globular paranu‐clear cytoplasmic Inclusion. Ultrastructurally, this cytoplas‐mic inclusion corresponds to whirls of intermediate filaments. Vlmentln immunoreactlvity was detected in both the cytoplasm and cytoplamic inclusion of almost all the tumor cells. No cytokeratin and desmin immunoreactivlty were detected In the tumor cells. The Ki‐67 labeling index was 36% and the DNA content of the tumor cells, which was examined by image cytometry, demonstrated diploidy (DNA Index = 0.95).
A case of intraplacental choriocarcinoma associated with placental hemangioma
Authors: Aonahata Miyuki , Masuzawa Yoko , Tsutsui Yoshihiro
Published: December 2008

A case of intraplacental choriocarclnoma associated with a placental hemanglome is presented. Ultrasonlc examination revealed a placental hemangloma at 33 weeks gestation. A cesarean section was performed at 37 weeks gestation. Hlstologlcal examlnatlon showed lntraplacental chorlocarcinoma associated with the hemangioma. No metastasis has been discovered neither In the mother nor child 10 months after the delivery.
Metaplastic lipid‐rich carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Varga Zsuzsanna , Robl Christiane , Spycher Max , Burger Daniel , Caduff Rosmarie
Published: December 2008

A case of lipld‐rich mammary carcinoma identified in a lumpectomy specimen from a 56year‐old female is presented. The tumor showed features of poorly differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma of clearcell phenotype. Cytoplasmic lucency was mainly accounted for by the accumulation of neutral fat and, to a lesser degree, glyco‐gen. Tlnctorial properties Included positivity of tumor cells with Sudan iii dye and diastasesensitive periodic acid‐Schiff staining. Ultrastructural examination confirmed the presence of abundant cytoplasmic lipid droplets and some glycogen rosettes. On immunohistochemistty, most tumor cells reacted for cytokeratin, vimentin and S‐100 protein, and there was focal expression of carclnoembryogenic antigen. A minority of tumor cell nuclei expressed progesterone receptors. As an additional feature, part of the leslon exhibited chondroid metaplasia. Lipid‐rich carcinoma of the breast is exceedlngly rare and, to our knowledge, no such example harboring metaplastic elements has been described previously.
Genetic dissection of murine susceptibilities to liver and lung tumors based on the two‐stage concept of carcinogenesis
Authors: Lee Gang‐Hong
Published: December 2008

Inbred mouse strains exhibit strain‐specific susceptibilities to spontaneous and induced tumors, indicating that the individual risks for neoclassic development are largely under genetic control. Recent advances in linkage analysis have made it routine to chromosomally map the mouse genes responsible for the strain variations in tumor susceptibility using segregating crosses. It Is also possible to characterize their biological functions using the positional information. These types of studies are still severely hampered for human cases due to the remarkable genetic heterogeneity and impossibility of experimental crosses. In this article, previous work on genetic susceptibility to mouse liver and lung tumors is reviewed in view of the classical two‐stage concept of carcinogenesis. According to this central concept, the tumor susceptibility genes should affect either the first stage, ‘initlation’, or the second stage, ‘promotion’, or both. At least some genes seem to be specifically involved in initiation or promotion, in line with the fact that initiation and promotion are due, to a certain extent, to independent mechanisms. This notion should be also applicable to human carcinogenesis and may provide important clues for prevention of initiation and promotion in populations with a genetic predisposition for cancer development.