bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Expert-Layperson Agreement in Identifying Jargon Terms in Electronic Health Record Notes: Observational Study
Authors: Lalor John P , Levy David A , Jordan Harmon S , Hu Wen , Smirnova Jenni Kim , Yu Hong
Published: October 2024

Background

Studies have shown that patients have difficulty understanding medical jargon in electronic health record (EHR) notes, particularly patients with low health literacy. In creating the NoteAid dictionary of medical jargon for patients, a panel of medical experts selected terms they perceived as needing definitions for patients.

Objective

This study aims to determine whether experts and laypeople agree on what constitutes medical jargon.

Methods

Using an observational study design, we compared the ability of medical experts and laypeople to identify medical jargon in EHR notes. The laypeople were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Participants were shown 20 sentences from EHR notes, which contained 325 potential jargon terms as identified by the medical experts. We collected demographic information about the laypeople’s age, sex, race or ethnicity, education, native language, and health literacy. Health literacy was measured with the Single Item Literacy Screener. Our evaluation metrics were the proportion of terms rated as jargon, sensitivity, specificity, Fleiss κ for agreement among medical experts and among laypeople, and the Kendall rank correlation statistic between the medical experts and laypeople. We performed subgroup analyses by layperson characteristics. We fit a beta regression model with a logit link to examine the association between layperson characteristics and whether a term was classified as jargon.

Results

The average proportion of terms identified as jargon by the medical experts was 59% (1150/1950, 95% CI 56.1%-61.8%), and the average proportion of terms identified as jargon by the laypeople overall was 25.6% (22,480/87,750, 95% CI 25%-26.2%). There was good agreement among medical experts (Fleiss κ=0.781, 95% CI 0.753-0.809) and fair agreement among laypeople (Fleiss κ=0.590, 95% CI 0.589-0.591). The beta regression model had a pseudo-R2 of 0.071, indicating that demographic characteristics explained very little of the variability in the proportion of terms identified as jargon by laypeople. Using laypeople’s identification of jargon as the gold standard, the medical experts had high sensitivity (91.7%, 95% CI 90.1%-93.3%) and specificity (88.2%, 95% CI 86%-90.5%) in identifying jargon terms.

Conclusions

To ensure coverage of possible jargon terms, the medical experts were loose in selecting terms for inclusion. Fair agreement among laypersons shows that this is needed, as there is a variety of opinions among laypersons about what is considered jargon. We showed that medical experts could accurately identify jargon terms for annotation that would be useful for laypeople.
Research on Teaching Ethics Regulation Strategies of University Teachers
Authors: LEIXIAO ZHANG
Published: October 2024

The research on the teaching ethics of university teachers is conducive to the improvement of the teaching ethics system of our country, and provides the basis for the construction of the ethical standards system suitable for the requirements of modern university teaching. Although there are various codes of ethics in colleges and universities, some experts and scholars also have some scattered research content on teachers' teaching ethics, which has some positive role in promoting the improvement of the professional ethics of college teachers, but the system of teaching ethics of college teachers in China has not yet been established. This study tries to put forward the strategy of teaching ethics regulation for university teachers, hoping to promote the construction of the teaching ethics regulation system in university and promote the steady improvement of the quality of higher education.
Exploration of Teaching Reform Strategies in Higher Vocational Colleges Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: XUE TANG
Published: October 2024

The emergence of artificial intelligence and its extensive application in the field of education have exerted a great influence on promoting the reform of school education, making the educational and teaching work in higher vocational colleges show a new development trend. Starting from the general background of the era of artificial intelligence, this paper analyzes the important significance of the era of artificial intelligence on the educational reform in higher vocational colleges and the challenges faced by the educational and teaching reform in higher vocational colleges. On this basis, the educational reform strategies are proposed, hoping to highlight the educational characteristics of higher vocational colleges in the era of artificial intelligence and comprehensively promote the efficient progress of educational and teaching work in higher vocational colleges.
ROLE OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN THE EVALUATION OF POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA SPACE-OCCUPYING LESIONS
Authors: SABINA SHAMS  , BASER SC  , RUMANA HITAWALA
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The current study was conducted with the objective to evaluate and characterize various posterior cranial fossa space-occupying lesions as solid, cystic, vascular, and infective. The current study aims to evaluate this and to help clinicians with early detection, exact site, and extent of the lesion.
Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 18 months (January 2021 to June 2022) in patients who were clinically suspected and who underwent magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate posterior fossa space-occupying lesions at Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur.
Results: In our study, the most common posterior fossa space-occupying lesion was acoustic neuroma (12, 2l.82%) followed by arachnoid cyst (7, 12.73%). The most common space-occupying lesion in female patients was acoustic neuroma (7 patients, 30.43%) whereas in male patients, the most common space-occupying lesion was arachnoid cyst (6, 18.75%). There were almost equal numbers of intra (49.09%) and extra-axial cases (50.91%).
Conclusion: Due to the restricted space, involvement of the crucial brain stem nuclei, and fourth ventricle, posterior fossa space-occupying lesions are regarded as critical brain lesions. Early diagnosis and treatment are now possible thanks to modern diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
CESAREAN AUDIT: USING ROBSON’S 10 GROUP CLASSIFICATION AT C. U. SHAH MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL
Authors: HIMANI MAL  , HARSHDEEP K JADEJA  , BHAVESH B AIRAO
Published: October 2024

Objective: The World Health Organization (WHO) has expressed concern over the rising cesarean section (CS) rate, particularly in middle-and high- income countries. The reasons behind this increase are still debated, but the WHO declared that there is no justification for a rate higher than 10–15%. The Robson classification system, advocated by WHO and FIGO, can help assess and compare CS rates.
 Study Design and Methods: The Gynecology Department at C.U. Shah Medical College and Hospital conducted an observational study on pregnant patients hospitalized for labor pain between January 2020 and December 2022, with a focus on CS patients. The study used Robson’s 10-group categorization technique to extract maternal features and categorize cesarean performances.
Results: Between January 2020 and December 2022, C. U. Shah Medical College and Hospital delivered 4967 patients, of whom 1,572 underwent a CS section. 46.3% were nulliparous, and 53.7% were multipara. 78.31% of patients arrived at full term, with 98.8% having single conceptions. 94.8% of the cases had a cephalic presentation, 4.4% had a breech presentation, and 0.81% had a transverse position.
Conclusions: Robson classification is a useful technique for analyzing cesarean delivery (CS) rates, aiding in identifying corrective methods to reduce burden on healthcare systems, and promoting accurate labor monitoring, fetal scalp electrodes, and prenatal education.
PRESCRIPTION PATTERN OF ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE MEDICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, ASSAM
Authors: ARITRA GUPTA  , BARMAN SARAJITA , ROY DOLLY
Published: October 2024

Objective: The aim of our study is to analyze the pattern of prescription of medications used for managing hypertension (HTN) at a tertiary care hospital and assess the comorbidities associated with HTN.
Methods: This prospective study has been conducted for duration of 6 months in the Department of Medicine of Silchar Medical College and Hospital. Prescriptions of both genders diagnosed with primary essential HTN and patients receiving or advised to start antihypertensive medications were included in the study.
Results: One hundred and fifty prescriptions have been evaluated in the study duration, 42% are female and 58% male. Monotherapy (69%) followed by dual therapy (26%) and multidrug therapy (5%) have been prescribed to the patients. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) (48%) are the most widely used drugs, along with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (29%), beta-blockers (BBs) (11%), diuretics (6%), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (6%) in single drug therapy. ARB+CCB followed by ARB+diuretic and ARB+BB were used in dual therapy. In triple therapy, the most preferred therapy was ARB+CCB+diuretic, and then ARB+CCB+BB. Dyslipidemia (38%), followed by Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (34%), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (19%) were the most common associated comorbidities.
Conclusion: Monotherapy was frequently prescribed regimen followed by dual therapy and multidrug therapy. In single-drug therapy, CCB was mostly used, and then ARB. In dual therapy CCB+ARB was the most preferred treatment. Dyslipidemia was most frequently associated with HTN, followed by DM and CKD. Prescription patterns of anti-hypertensive moderately followed the World Health Organization recommendations for HTN.
THE ROLE OF CA 19.9 IN PREDICTING THE OPERABILITY OF CARCINOMA PANCREAS
Authors: JIJINRAJ P  , RENJIN RP
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas remains a relatively incurable disease despite advances in surgical care. Approximately 25% of patients will be found to have unresectable tumors during surgery even though computed tomography (CT) has demonstrated that they are resectable. There is a controversy regarding the use of cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) to decide the resectability of pancreatic adenocarcinoma [1]. Our aim is to study the use of CA 19-9 in determining the operability of carcinoma pancreas [2].
Methods: This was a prospective study which included 69 patients and the study period was from December 2021 to December 2022. Data were collected from all patients with carcinoma of the pancreas who underwent surgical management. CA 19-9 levels were measured and recorded [3]. During surgery, the operative findings on resectability were documented and tabulated against corresponding CA 19-9 levels and contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) findings.
Results: Of the 69 patients who were operated on, 38 patients had resectable tumors and underwent the Whipples procedure and 31 of them had non-resectable tumors and had to undergo palliative bypass procedures. Among the 31 patients whose tumors were non-resectable, only four were diagnosed non-resectable preoperatively with CECT, and the other 27 were found to be non-resectable only during surgery. That shows the relevance of this study. Of the 31 non-resectable cases, 14 (45.2%) patients had elevated CA 19-9 values of more than 501, and the rest 17 (54.8%) patients had low CA 19-9 values. Among the 38 resectable cases, 12 patients (31.6%) had elevated CA 19-9 more than 501, and 26 patients (68.4%) had low values. In conclusion, among non-resectable cases, 45.2% had raised CA 19-9, and among operable cases, 31.6% showed raised CA 19-9. Hence, CA 19-9 seems to be an insignificant predictor of tumor resectability [4].
Conclusion: It was found that the need for a pre-operative predictor for resectability of carcinoma pancreas is relevant while considering mortality and morbidity in operating carcinoma pancreas cases. On evaluating CA 19-9 as a pre-operative predictor, we found that CA 19-9 has no significant role as an indicator of local advancement or metastasis. Hence, we cannot consider CA 19-9 as a predictor of resectability of carcinoma pancreas preoperatively [5].
EFFECT OF PHOTOTHERAPY ON SERUM CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM LEVELS IN NEWBORNS WITH HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA ADMITTED TO NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN THE KOLHAN REGION OF JHARKHAND
Authors: SHYAMLAL MURMU  , SIMPAL SHALINI MINJ  , RAJAN KUMAR BARNWAL  , UMA SHANKER SINGH  , KUMAR VIMAL  , KUBER CHANDRA SETUA  , MANISH KUMAR
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Neonatal jaundice is a medical condition causing yellowish skin discoloration, leading to hospital readmissions in the first 2 weeks of life. It affects 60% of full-term babies and 80% of premature infants. Severe jaundice can cause kernicterus and neurological damage. Treatment options include phototherapy, exchange transfusions, or pharmacological therapy. Phototherapy is the safest and most effective treatment, but it can lead to hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia due to its effect on the pineal gland. The present study shows the effect of phototherapy on serum calcium and magnesium levels in hyperbilirubinemia.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 221 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia who were treated with phototherapy. We measured bilirubin, calcium, and magnesium levels in their blood samples at admission and 48 h after initiation of phototherapy. The data were analyzed using Epi-Info software.
Results: Before phototherapy, the mean serum calcium was 8.79±1.44, but it decreased significantly to 8.13±1.67 (p<0.05). Before phototherapy, the mean serum magnesium level was 3.22±0.72 and reduced considerably to 2.56±0.50 (p<0.05). After phototherapy, total serum bilirubin levels reduced dramatically (from 13.07±3.41 to 8.63±3.10) (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The present study shown that phototherapy has a significant effect on the levels of serum calcium, magnesium, and total serum bilirubin by reducing the level.
ROLE OF BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS AMONG COVID-19 PATIENTS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH SEVERITY OF DISEASE
Authors: RACHNA SABHARWAL  , RAJESH MAHAJAN  , PALLAVI MAHAJAN  , FAYAZ AHMAD WANI  , ANIMESH MAHAJAN
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The present study was aimed to evaluate the levels of biomarkers (D-dimer, Procalcitonin [PCT], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], interleukin [IL]-6, and C-reactive protein [CRP]) among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients visiting/admitted in Government Medical College Jammu and analyze their association with the severity of disease.
Methods: The study was conducted on 100 COVID-19-positive patients 18–75 years of age of either sex, visiting/admitted in Government Medical College Jammu, for a period of 6 months. The serum glucose levels, creatine phosphokinase, LDH, liver function tests, renal function tests, and various biochemical COVID-19 markers such as CRP, serum ferritin, IL-6, D-dimer, and PCT were analyzed.
Results: In the present study, it was observed that when patients were divided according to the severity of disease, there was a significant difference in the mean levels of total bilirubin, serum sodium, serum potassium, D-dimer, SpO2, and duration of symptoms in a mild and severe group of patients, while there was no significant difference in the parameters such as IL-6, ferritin, CRP, PCT, LDH, and other routine biochemistry parameters. When a comparison was done between both the groups according to SpO2, only the mean levels of serum total bilirubin were significant.
Conclusion: Thus, it is concluded that serum bilirubin was significantly elevated in mild, moderate, and severe groups of patients. Further research should be conducted to find some biomarkers which are specific to COVID-19 only.
AXILLARY LYMPH NODE METASTASIS IN SONOLOGICALLY NODE-NEGATIVE BREAST CARCINOMA
Authors: ADARSA S BABU  , SUNIL S  , JOMINE JOSE
Published: October 2024

Objectives: This study describes the risk factors for axillary metastasis in patients with sonologically node-negative breast carcinoma and also develops a predictive model to evaluate the risk of axillary metastasis in these patients.
Methods: Patients admitted to the Department of General Surgery with carcinoma breast qualifying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study for a period of 1 year. Study was conducted to determine the risk factors of Carcinoma breast by evaluating some clinical and pathological parameters of carcinoma breast patients.
Results: Out of 102 patients, 41 had axillary metastasis, factors found significant with p<0.05 were T stage, grade of tumor, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) < human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER 2) neu status, histology, and lymphovascular invasion. Mathematical model was developed by binary logistic regression analysis and the probability of axillary metastasis is obtained.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that T stage, grade of tumor, ER, PR, HER 2 neu status, histology, and lymphovascular invasion are associated with a high risk of axillary metastasis and the newly generated tool shows a sensitivity of 87.8% and specificity of 93.44% for an optimum cut off of >0.2708.
A NOVEL WOUND DRESSING WITH SILKWORM COCOON SCAFFOLD TO FASTEN WOUND HEALING: AN IN VIVO STUDY USING RAT EXCISION WOUND MODEL
Authors: VALENTINA Y  , JOHAN PANDIAN
Published: October 2024

Objective: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of silver-nano laden silkworm cocoon scaffold (SWCS), L-Ascorbic acid laden SWCS (AA-SWCS) over standard wet collagen sheet used for wound healing in rat incision wound model.
Methods: A total of 24 Wistar rats (of either sex, pathogen free, 10–12 weeks old) were used in this study. SWCS was prepared and an excision wound model was carried out to study the wound healing capacity in four study groups. Dressings were made with silver nanoparticles SWCS (AgNP-SWCS), AA-SWCS and compared with wet collagen sheet regularly. Friedman’s test was used for analysis.
Results: The results clearly indicate that both AgNP-SWCS and AA-SWCS significantly accelerate wound healing compared to the standard wet collagen sheet. The AgNP-SWCS outperformed the others in terms of wound contraction rate, histological quality of healing, and microbial load reduction. The AA-SWCS also showed enhanced healing properties, particularly in collagen synthesis and tissue organization.
Conclusion: The study suggests that both AgNP-SWCS and AA-SWCS are highly effective alternatives to traditional collagen dressings for wound healing. These innovative scaffolds could represent a new frontier in wound care, providing enhanced healing rates, improved tissue quality, and reduced infection risks, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PAP SMEAR WITH HISTOPATHOLOGY IN CERVICAL LESION ACCORDING TO THE 2014 BETHESDA SYSTEM: AN INSTITUTIONAL STUDY
Authors: GOURANGA CHARAN PRUSTY  , RANJAN KUMAR MALLICK  , GOUTAMI DAS NAYAK  , SUNANDA NAYAK  , CHANDRAPRAVA MISHRA  , TAPAS RANJAN MISHRA
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a pap smear using The 2014 Bethesda System (TBS) for the diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of the uterine cervix.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at the institution from November 2015 to October 2017. Fifty patients with an unhealthy cervix have undergone conventional Pap smears and histopathological biopsies with the suspicion of cervical malignancy or premalignancy attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Department. The obtained smears were arranged according to TBS. The tissue biopsies have been processed routinely and they are stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological diagnosis. Furthermore, cases such as non-neoplastic, metastatic lesions, and recurrent cases were excluded from this study.
Results: The common age group has been identified as between 41 and 60 years and patients had low educational levels. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy observed in this study were 89.28%, 63.63%, 64.1%, 72.72%, and 72% respectively.
Conclusion: Pap smear is a simple, effective, inexpensive procedure that can be routinely used as a screening tool for screening cervical cancer. TBSs also provide a standard approach for cytological evaluation that helps in the early detection of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions.
Photo-able Urban Green-Blue Spaces
Authors: Wang Weijing
Published: October 2024

Urban green–blue spaces (UGBSs) are increasingly integrated into the urban fabric transformation, playing a pivotal role in shaping everyday interactions and experiences with nature in the Anthropocene era. Crowdsourcing, facilitated by digital technologies, has emerged as a novel methodological advance for accessing subjective place-based information, allowing the public to produce and share photographs at an unprecedented scale. As people can now readily capture and disseminate images on social media from virtually any location, these photographs contribute to the digital representation of places. Many studies have leveraged social media imagery to explore mental maps of cities, place perceptions, and ecosystem services. This raises fundamental questions: What are the UGBSs that promote photography across cities? What are the similarities and differences among cities’ photogenic UGBSs? And how do cities’ photogenic UGBSs relate to the happiness of their inhabitants? This study investigates these questions through an analysis of 203,020 photographs, taken from social media, of sites across 186 cities over a five-year period (2014 to 2018). Employing Google Cloud Vision and topic modelling with a state-of-the-art neural network model, photographs are clustered and used to identify cross-city features. The correlation between prevalence of photogenic UGBSs and levels of happiness is investigated using linear regression analysis. The results show that UGBSs eliciting photography practice are predominantly characterised by water-related subjects, confirming a widespread aesthetic appreciation for urban blue spaces. Perceptions of UGBSs exhibit significant variability among cities, offering a metric to assess environmental policy efficacy. Lastly, a positive association is found in high-income contexts between number of social media photographs of UGBSs and subjective well-being, while this correlation is not significant in middle- and low-income contexts. This sheds light on human–nature relationships by providing global evidence of how aesthetic appreciation of urban nature influences human well-being.
Editorial
Authors: Said Lama , Piñeiros Estefania , Vyhmeister Katherine , Olcay Hafsa
Published: October 2024

EAR 38 No2 Editorial
Estrés por teletrabajo como consecuencia de la pandemia en una institución de educación superior en Medellín
Authors: Zea Velez Marllyn Andrea , Bastidas Orrego Lina María , Jaramillo Gómez Natalia Isabel
Published: October 2024

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir como el teletrabajo durante la pandemia afectó a los colaboradores del área administrativa y docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas del Tecnológico de Antioquia, institución universitaria de la ciudad de Medellín. Metodológicamente, este trabajo se enmarca en los estudios cuantitativos, de tipo descriptivo, no experimental y transeccional. Este estudio parte de la aplicación de un cuestionario con variables asociadas a factores de riesgo psicosociales. Los resultados evidenciaron que la mayoría de las variables se encuentran en un nivel de riesgo medio, del cual se puede esperar una respuesta de estrés moderada; sin embargo, se identificó que un porcentaje significativo manifestó ansiedad por el impacto del COVID-19, debido a que, por la demanda de trabajo, se extendió la jornada laboral. Asimismo, los malestares más comunes encontrados en la muestra objeto de estudio fueron, el dolor de cabeza, dolor en el cuello y tensión muscular, además se identificaron dificultades para la concentración y sensación de irritabilidad; condiciones que representan un factor de riesgo medio- alto.
Harnessing Machine Learning for Effective Waste Classification and Recycling
Authors: Kunkekar Suyash
Published: October 2024

The world produces nearly 3.5 million tons waste every day so it is important to improve waste management and recycling system. This paper defines how machine learning can classify waste, specifically using VGG16 CNN model to classify 9 types of recyclable materials such as light bulbs, paper, plastic, organic, glass, batteries, clothes, metal and e-waste .We had used nearly 8000+ images from Google Images and Dreamstime.com to test VGG16 model and compare it with another model named as Inceptionv3. But Inceptionv3 showed higher accuracy (~90%) ,and it did not work well when tested on real data. In contrast, the VGG16 model which initially had lower accuracy of (~70%), performed better when tested on real-world scenarios. We also developed a web application which not only classifies the waste but also provides the valuable information to help people how to minimize waste reduction and maximize recycling. The classified images of the waste and its respective findings will also be shared with local authorities to enhance better recycling efforts. Hence this study focuses on need to select right models for waste classification and suggests looking into another machine learning techniques in future.
Análisis de Anticuerpos IgG contra el SARS-CoV-2 y Coronavirus Estacionales en Adultos Vacunados contra la COVID-19, 2021
Authors: Recalde-Reyes Delia Piedad , Rodríguez-Salazar Carlos Andrés
Published: October 2024

Introducción: La variabilidad en la respuesta inmunológica a las vacunas puede afectar su eficacia, por lo cual es importante estudiar la efectividad de los esquemas vacunales contra el SARS-CoV-2 en diferentes regiones. Objetivo: Describir niveles de IgG contra SARS-CoV-2 y coronavirus estacionales, en individuos vacunados en Armenia (Colombia) 2021. Materiales y métodos: Estudio realizado en 100 adultos de Armenia (Colombia) vacunados contra SARS-CoV-2 en 2021. Se empleó el estuche comercial Mikrogen™ recomLine-SARS-CoV-2 IgG para medir niveles de anticuerpos contra: nucleoproteína, proteína de espícula y dominio de unión al receptor del SARS-CoV-2, también contra nucleoproteínas de coronavirus estacionales (OC43, NL63, 229E y HKU1). Resultados: El 98% de individuos (vacunados y/o infectados), desarrollaron anticuerpos; se observó mayor nivel de anticuerpos en individuos vacunados con Pfizer.  Se evidenció, que los niveles de anticuerpos disminuyeron con el aumento de la edad. Por otra parte, el 47% desarrolló anticuerpos contra coronavirus estacionales; OC43 fue la cepa más común en hombres y NL63 en mujeres. Conclusión: Las vacunas mostraron ser efectivas para inducir una respuesta immune humoral en la población de estudio; aquellos con antecedentes de infección por SARS-CoV-2 tuvieron niveles de IgG más altos. El análisis de coronavirus estacionales demuestra que esta familia viral circula con frecuencia en nuestro país.
Complications in patients with severe COVID-19 infection who required admission to an intensive care unit in a fourth-level hospital in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Schreiber Andy Dieter , Vargas Lina Patricia , Moreno Julian Mauricio , Peña Adwar , Castellanos-de la Hoz Juan , Saumett Sandra Valentina , Goyeneche-García Ana , Galindo Camila Sofia
Published: October 2024

Objective: To analyze the complications experienced by patients admitted to the ICU with severe COVID-19 at a fourth-level hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study included 181 patients aged over 18 years with severe COVID-19 admitted to the ICU at Fundación Cardioinfantil from August 2020 to May 2021. Results: Infections were the most prevalent complication, occurring in 72.9% of patients, with pulmonary superinfections and tracheitis being the most common. Neuropathy was observed in 18.7% of patients. Swallowing disorders were noted in 74% of patients, with 52.5% continuing to experience swallowing difficulties at discharge, leading to gastrostomy in 4.9%. Acute kidney injury was present in 26.5% of patients; 7.1% required de novo renal replacement therapy, and 2.8% needed renal replacement therapy at discharge. Myocardial injury was documented in 13.8% of patients. Discussion: The study highlights the extensive range of complications affecting post-COVID-19 patients, particularly those with severe infections. Polyneuropathy and myopathy are reported in 25-45% of critically ill patients, whereas our study documented neuropathy in 18.7%. Swallowing disorders, occurring in 74% of patients, led to a gastrostomy rate of 4.9%, slightly above the literature range of 1.9%-4.8%. Tracheostomy, used as an alternative to reduce sedation and mechanical ventilation time, was performed in 21.5% of patients, resulting in reduced ICU and ward stays. Conclusions: The most frequent ICU complications were healthcare-associated infections, underscoring the importance of early detection and preventive strategies. Neuromuscular sequelae, such as neuropathy, are significant factors affecting patient outcomes, highlighting the need for targeted rehabilitation methods.
Análisis de costo utilidad del uso de suturas recubiertas con triclosán para prevenir la infección de sitio quirúrgico en Colombia
Authors: Castro-García Paula Andrea , Londoño-Trujillo Darío , Rojas-López Kristian Kamilo
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Determinar la costo utilidad del uso de suturas recubiertas de triclosán desde la perspectiva del sistema de salud colombiano. Material y métodos: Se desarrolló un árbol de decisión que incluía los costos, la efectividad y la calidad de vida de cada intervención evaluada. Las probabilidades se obtuvieron de una revisión sistemática de literatura. El desenlace evaluado fueron AVAC. La valoración de los recursos se realizó mediante consultas en SISMED y Suficiencia. Los precios de las suturas se obtuvieron directamente del fabricante. Se realizaron análisis de sensibilidad probabilísticos y de escenario. Resultados: en el caso base, las suturas recubiertas con triclosán son una estrategia dominante respecto a las suturas convencionales. El ahorro esperado por paciente asciende a $170.484. Los análisis de escenario muestran que el ahorro es superior cuando se trata de heridas contaminadas y sucias, donde esta cifra asciende a $559.493 y $567.923, respectivamente. Cuando las heridas son limpias- contaminadas las suturas recubiertas representan un mayor costo, lo cual sugiere que existe un mayor beneficio clínico y económico en heridas con mayor probabilidad de infectarse. Conclusiones: El uso de suturas recubiertas es una estrategia costo ahorradora que además aumenta la calidad de vida y reduce la incidencia de ISO.
Brain and spinal arachnoiditis in a patient with neurocysticercosis: Case report
Authors: Botero-C Pablo A. , Hernández Felipe , Restrepo-Gil Ángela , González Victor A. , Giraldo-Tapias Lilliana M.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Arachnoiditis is a chronic inflammatory process of the arachnoid layer and subarachnoid space, and many possible etiologies can cause it, including infectious diseases. Case report: A patient with brain and spinal arachnoiditis was diagnosed and managed on the basis of clinical suspicion as tuberculous meningitis, but when he finished corticosteroids he presented neurological worsening, and after serum western blot immunoassay of T. solium positive, a possible racemose neurocysticercosis was diagnosed and treated. Conclusion: Doctors should consider the importance of nontuberculous etiologies in countries where both neurocysticercosis and tuberculosis are endemic, especially when exist arachnoiditis with cranial basal involvement.
ANALISIS HARGA ADIL PADA PASAR SEMPURNA
Authors: Hasanah Muti , Siti Achiria
Published: October 2024

Pasar adalah sebuah mekanisme untuk pertukaran barang dan jasa yang sifatnya alami. Harga pasar dibentuk oleh berbagai faktor yang kemudian membentuk permintaan dan penawaran barang dan jasa. Permintaan konsumen dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, seperti harga, pendapatan konsumen, selera, harapan dan tingkat mashlahah. Sedangkan penawaran produsen juga dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, seperti mashlahah, laba, dan harga. Interaksi antara penawaran dan permintaan yang akan membentuk titik keseimbangan dapat diubah dari sisi permintaan atau penawaran, baik sebagai akibat dari deviasi terstruktur maupun deviasi yang tidak terstruktur. Pasar persaingan sempurna akan dapat menghasilkan harga yang adil bagi penjual dan pembeli. Oleh karena itu, jika mekanisme pasar terganggu, maka keadilan harga tidak akan bisa tercapai. Islam menempatkan pasar pada posisi yang penting dalam ekonomi. Dan juga Islam sangat memperhatikan dengan konsep harga yang adil dan mekanisme pasar yang sempurna. Maka peranan pemerintah sangat penting untuk lebih menjamin aktivitas mekanisme pasar secara sempurna seperti mengambil kebijakan intervensi harga yang tetap berpijak kepada keadilan.
N.I. Vorobyev’s contribution to the zoning of ethnographic groups of the Chuvash (according to ethnography)
Authors:   Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, Matveev Georgy B.
Published: October 2024

N.I. Vorobyev made a great contribution to the comparative study of the history of settlement and traditional culture of the ethnographic groups of the Chuvash, their interethnic interaction with the contacted ethnoses. He identified three ethnographic complexes based on the features, both those that had archaic signs and newly formed ones. Regarding the history of the formation of ethnographic groups, the researcher argued that the population of the north-east of the Chuvash Volga region perceived more southern Turkic influences in their everyday life, began to differ in language and way of life from the north-western population, although they retained commonality with it in the main elements of language, culture and lifestyle. His conclusion that the main ethnographic groups of the Chuvash, as he considered the upper Viryal and lower Anatri, were finally formed during the 15th century in the northern regions of Chuvashia as a result of the rapprochement of the indigenous population of these areas with newcomers from the south, cannot be considered justified. The work of ethnographic expeditions in the Chuvash regions in the late 1940s and early 1950s, she showed that the archaic complex was most characteristic of the costume of the middle-aged Chuvash Anat enchi, although N.I. Vorobyev considered them an average or mixed ethnographic group. In general, he represented that group as part of the Anatri, who changed their way of life under the influence of borrowing from the Tatars. The author’s team, under the guidance of the scholar, developed in detail the classification of the Chuvash into groups and subgroups based on folk costume. N.I. Vorobyev for the first time identified three subgroups as part of anatri. The border zone between Anatri and anat yenchi, which was not clearly defined by its predecessors, in particular G.I. Komissarov, N.I. Vorobyev, was also not resolved. The riding costume was formed as a result of interaction with the mountain Mari people, although many features that unite it primarily with the anat Enchi costume were not replaced in it. The authors emphasise that the striking external differences that were recorded in the riding Chuvash northwestern subgroups and grassroots chuvashki hirti. They did not violate the common cultural community of the Chuvash people. It should be noted that the task of a more detailed substantiation of cultural and linguistic areas at the level of subgroups within the ethnographic groups of the Chuvash, divided into four subgroups in the upper zone and three in the middle and lower ones, unresolved by the expeditions of the late 1940s – early 1950s, remains relevant.
Artistic and figurative sketches by L.M. Pozdeeva from expeditions with N.I. Vorobyev
Authors:   Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Gatina-Shafikova Dina F.
Published: October 2024

The article analyses expedition sketches of professional artist Lyudmila Mikhailovna Pozdeeva from the collections of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan and the “Miraskhane” Written Heritage Center of G. Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art of the Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, which were made by the master during the expeditions of 1926 and 1927 under the leadership of N. I. Vorobyev. Costume complexes of Tatars of different subethnic and ethnographic groups are analysed. Particular attention is paid to the scientific component of L. M. Pozdeeva’s work, the consistency of the sketches to written sources, museum materials and expedition photographs. The author of the article identified nine watercolours and one graphite pencil sketch, which depict the clothes of men and women of different ages. The pieces were made in the Chelny, Chistopol, Sviyazhsk, and Tetyush cantons, in settlements such as Nizhneye Bishevo, Kainly, Akbulatovo, Stary Tatarsky Adam, Molkeevo, Stary Kurbash, and Bakorchi (Bakrchi). Some images are duplicated by photographs, which became the visual accompaniment to the texts of N.I. Vorobyev’s academic publications. The sketches by L.M. Pozdeeva found by the author of the article fully correspond to the photographic images, which is evidence of the precise reproduction of what she saw during the expeditions. The artist chose different angles of the characters in national clothing, thereby creating not just an ethnographic copy, but an artistic image.
Assessment of Radiation Protection Knowledge and Practical Skills Among Health Services Vocational School Students Using Dosimeters
Authors: SOYAL Halil , SARIHAN Mucize
Published: October 2024

Radyasyon tabanlı cihazlar çeşitli hastalıkların teşhisinde kritik öneme sahiptir. Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokullarındaki öğrenciler klinik stajları sırasında gözetim altında farklı radyasyon tabanlı cihazları kullanmaktadırlar. Bu anket çalışması, sağlık teknisyeni öğrencilerinin radyasyondan korunma ve uygulama konusundaki bilgilerini değerlendirmek ve iyonlaştırıcı radyasyon güvenliği konusunda farkındalıklarını artırmak için tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcıları Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu ikinci sınıf öğrencileridir. Radyolojik muayeneler hakkındaki temel bilgilerini ölçmeyi amaçlayan 20 çoktan seçmeli soru ve 8 demografik sorudan oluşan bir anketi tamamlamaları istenmiştir . Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulundan toplam 123 öğrenci (40'ı radyoterapi programında ve 83'ü tıbbi görüntüleme programında ) ankete katılmıştır. Anket sonuçlarına göre, öğrencilerin hiçbiri radyasyon güvenliği ile ilgili soruların tamamını doğru cevaplayamamıştır. Ancak öğrencilerin %76,6'sı " Radyaktif kaynak enjeksiyonundaki radyasyon dozu kesinlikle güvenlidir ve sağlık üzerinde hiçbir etkisi yoktur." ifadesine doğru cevap vermiştir. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin %73,5'i görüntüleme prosedürleri sırasında kurşun önlük ve tiroid kalkanı kullanmanın gerekliliğinin farkında olduklarını belirtti. Çalışmamız, Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu'ndaki öğrencilerin genel olarak mesleki sağlık ve güvenliğin yanı sıra radyasyon koruması konusunda da tatmin edici bir anlayışa sahip olduğunu buldu. Bu bulgular ışığında, üniversitelerin radyasyon koruma eğitimine daha fazla vurgu yapması ve bu alanda devam eden eğitim fırsatlarını artırması önerilmektedir .
Secured Cyber-Internet Security in Intrusion Detection with Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: C Aarthi , K Saranya , N Naga Saranya , S Ponlatha
Published: October 2024

The rapid proliferation of Internet-connected devices has elevated the significance of cybersecurity, making intrusion detection a critical aspect of maintaining network integrity. Traditional security measures often fail to provide adequate protection against sophisticated attacks, necessitating advanced and robust solutions. This paper introduces a comprehensive cyber-internet security framework that leverages machine learning techniques for real-time intrusion detection and prevention. The proposed methodology employs a hybrid approach, integrating supervised and unsupervised learning models to detect anomalies and classify intrusions effectively. Specifically, a combination of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Trees (DT), and K-means clustering is used to enhance detection accuracy and reduce false-positive rates.
The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieved a detection accuracy of 97.8%, a precision of 96.5%, and a recall of 95.2% on the NSL-KDD dataset. The implementation also reduced the false-positive rate to 1.2% and the computational overhead by 15% compared to traditional detection systems. Additionally, the proposed system was tested on real-time traffic data, where it successfully identified and mitigated various cyber threats, including Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks and network infiltrations, with minimal latency and high reliability.
In conclusion, the study presents an efficient and secured cyber-internet security framework that significantly enhances intrusion detection capabilities using machine learning techniques. The proposed system provides a scalable and adaptive solution for securing critical infrastructure and networks against evolving cyber threats, making it an ideal candidate for deployment in real-world cybersecurity applications.
Presencia de HAP en aceites (comestibles y no comestibles) y otros productos derivados del petróleo. Estudio preliminar1
Authors: Del Toro Déniz Rubén , Pineda Pineda Mayra , Romo Santafé Karen , Arango Cristhian
Published: October 2024

Introducción. El control y fiscalización de los hidrocarburos aromáticos polinucleares (PAH), aún no constituye una preocupación permanente de las instituciones reguladoras de la calidad ambiental, en muchos lugares del mundo, Es por ello por lo que resulta necesario prestar atención a esta cuestión aún no resuelta. Objetivo. En nuestro trabajo se determina la presencia de HAP en aceites comestibles, y aceites recuperados de motor, combustible diésel, aceites lubricantes, con la finalidad de llamar la atención sobre estas sustancias de uso sistemático en la actividad humana, como una alerta de consideración para la seguridad alimentaria y en general para la garantía de una vida ambiental y físicamente saludable. Materiales y métodos. La identificación de HAP se realizó por cromatografía liquida de alta resolución (HPLC) comparando el cromatograma del patrón con el de las muestras analizadas. Resultados. Se demuestra la presencia significativa de HAP en los derivados del petróleo y en aceites comestibles. Conclusiones. Todo lo anterior requiere de la atención de las autoridades reguladoras de la calidad ambiental y sanitaria para la conservación sostenible de la vida.
Remoción de turbiedad en el proceso de potabilización del agua utilizando Moringa oleífera y Opuntia ficus-indica
Authors: Arcila Franco Cristian Camilo , Correa Restrepo Gloria , Arango Ruiz Álvaro
Published: October 2024

Introducción. El siguiente trabajo de investigación nace con el fin de poder establecer el porcentaje de remoción de la turbiedad de las aguas crudas, que son dispensadas para el consumo humano, implementando coagulantes naturales como la Moringa oleífera y Opuntia ficus-indica. Determinando parámetros para la corroboración de las variables como son el pH de coagulación y la dosis necesaria del coagulante y de esta manera calcular los niveles de remoción de la turbiedad. Objetivo. Definir el porcentaje de remoción de turbiedad al momento de realizar la potabilización del agua para consumo humano, utilizando Moringa oleífera y Opuntia ficus-indica, empleando un método de extracción útil, natural y eficiente.
Residuos sólidos como estructuras disipativas
Authors: Montoya Carvajal Juan Fernando , Giraldo Zuluaga Conrado , Garcés Giraldo Luis Fer
Published: October 2024

Los residuos sólidos son materiales de desecho que inciden a un depósito natural y afectan el ecosistema a su alrededor volviendo imposible el surgimiento y permanencia de la vida de manera espontánea, esto debido al alto índice de agentes contaminantes y componentes tóxicos, por lo tanto, el reto actualmente es hacer una conversión de procesos para darles usos prácticos a estos residuos, tratando de mitigar el impacto ambiental de este tipo de contaminación. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es proponer una reflexión a la luz de la segunda ley de la termodinámica que explique la mitigación del impacto de residuos sólidos. Desde la termodinámica, se propone un modelo de mitigación del impacto ambiental, considerando la estructura disipativa como el modelo para generar la transformación del caos al orden.
La entrevista semiestructurada: una herramienta pertinente en la percepción de valores sociales para la vida
Authors: Babativa Salamanca Henry Alexander , Rubiano Cárdenas Paola Andrea , Velásquez Pérez Torcoroma , Gaona Diaz Nelson Fernando , González Ortega Jesús Alberto , Vega Gámez Marta Inés
Published: October 2024

Introducción. La entrevista se constituye en técnica clave de investigación social que a lo largo de las cuatro últimas décadas se ha convertido en un canal de entendimiento de la conciencia y de la realidad social. Materiales y métodos.  Por esta razón, se pretende dar a conocer la entrevista semiestructurada como una herramienta pertinente en la percepción de valores sociales para la vida, además, como un procedimiento muy útil cuando se quieren conocer y comprender actitudes, juicios, percepciones o expectativas del actor social sujeto de indagación. Objetivo. Dar a conocer la entrevista semiestructurada como una herramienta pertinente en la percepción de valores sociales para la vida, con ese interés, su aplicación en el estudio titulado Impacto del método Deporte con Principios en niños, niñas, adolescentes y jóvenes pertenecientes a los departamentos de La Guajira, Norte de Santander y Arauca, se busca conocer la percepción y adopción de los valores sociales que dicho método transmite a partir de sus procesos de formación. Conclusiones. De esta manera, se plantea la precisión y rigurosidad que la entrevista ofrece, como técnica de recolección.
Investigating stingray skin as a novel material for high-performance textile items
Authors: Mahmood Ali Hasan , Khan Danyal Rashid , Farooq Salma
Published: October 2024

ish skin leather is a sustainable alternative to traditional leather production. The goal of this study is to create a recipe for turning raw stingray leather into protective gloves for hands. The process flow of Stingray Leather Processing and optimization of each single step has been done. The technique is based on tanning agents, formulating new processing methods, conducting an extensive market analysis, and examining the environmental impact. The processed stingray leather was evaluated for resistance to abrasion, cur, and puncture resistance, and it was found that the stingray skin gloves showed better cut  and  abrasion resistance than the conventional gloves available in the market.
7. Nutrition Therapy for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Chomko Maureen
Published: October 2024

Highlights: Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes; Integration of Nutrition Therapy into Type 2 Diabetes Management; Evidence-Based Nutrition Interventions for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes; Physical Activity as a Lifestyle Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes; Summary of Nutrition Therapy for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
18. Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes and Eating Disorders
Authors: Critchley Stephanie
Published: October 2024

Highlights: Diabetes and Eating Disorders; Eating Disorders and Diabetes: Nutrition Research; Eating Disorders and Diabetes: Nutrition Therapy; Eating Disorders and Diabetes: Other Issues and Comorbidities; Eating Disorders and Diabetes: Mental Health; Eating Disorders and Diabetes: Technology; Eating Disorders and Diabetes: Screening for Risk and Early Detection; Summary of Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes and Eating Disorders