bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of predictors of hemorrhagic transformation after reperfusion therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a single-center experience
Authors: Nassar Mahmoud H. , Elrefaey Amany F. , Abbas Khalil M. , Mohamed Ehab S. , Ragab Osama A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a serious complication of thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke, limiting its indications and affecting treatment plans and clinical prognosis. Identifying risk factors for HT could help improve the risk–benefit ratio of thrombolytic therapy. We aimed to analyze the predictors of HT after reperfusion therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. This study included 115 patients who received rTPA. All patients underwent history taking, clinical examination, neurological examination including Glasgow Coma Scale and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (NIHSS), radiological investigation, and cardiac investigation. Patients were followed up strictly every 2 h for 1st 24 h then for two weeks clinically using the NIHSS and radiologically using CT or MRI to detect HT.

Results

Patients with HT represented 21.7% of all patients receiving rTPA, while symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) represented 6.9%. Patients with HT had significantly higher blood pressure, respiratory rate, atrial fibrillation rate, NIHSS score, INR, prothrombin time, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lower platelet count, LDL level, higher Fazekas score, lower ASPECT score, and prolonged onset-to-needle time.

Conclusion

Predicting HT in acute ischemic stroke patients is crucial for optimizing management and potentially improving outcomes. In our study, six predictors were associated with HT: higher respiratory rate, higher atrial fibrillation rate, higher NLR, lower LDL level, higher Fazekas score, lower ASPECT score, and onset-to-needle time greater than 180 min.
SIFT: Sifting file types—application of explainable artificial intelligence in cyber forensics
Authors: Alam Shahid , Demir Alper Kamil
Published: September 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being applied to improve the efficiency of software systems used in various domains, especially in the health and forensic sciences. Explainable AI (XAI) is one of the fields of AI that interprets and explains the methods used in AI. One of the techniques used in XAI to provide such interpretations is by computing the relevance of the input features to the output of an AI model. File fragment classification is one of the vital issues of file carving in Cyber Forensics (CF) and becomes challenging when the filesystem metadata is missing. Other major challenges it faces are: proliferation of file formats, file embeddings, automation, We leverage and utilize interpretations provided by XAI to optimize the classification of file fragments and propose a novel sifting approach, named SIFT (Sifting File Types). SIFT employs TF-IDF to assign weight to a byte (feature), which is used to select features from a file fragment. Threshold-based LIME and SHAP (the two XAI techniques) feature relevance values are computed for the selected features to optimize file fragment classification. To improve multinomial classification, a Multilayer Perceptron model is developed and optimized with five hidden layers, each layer with $$i \times n$$

i
×
n

neurons, where i = the layer number and n = the total number of classes in the dataset. When tested with 47,482 samples of 20 file types (classes), SIFT achieves a detection rate of 82.1% and outperforms the other state-of-the-art techniques by at least 10%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort of applying XAI in CF for optimizing file fragment classification.
Effect of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation on circadian clock in rats with fructose-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver
Authors: Beyaz Coşkun Ayfer , Turkoglu Semra , Sağdıçoğlu Celep Adviye Gülçin , Özercan İbrahim Hanifi , Korkmaz Engin
Published: September 2024

Background

The rate of NAFLD in the general population is estimated to be 25.2%. NAFLD is affected by lifestyle, diet, and inflammation. In this study, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics was aimed to modulate the circadian clock in the liver and improve metabolic disorder through the gut–liver axis.

Methods

Six-week-old, healthy, 43 Wistar albino rats were included in the study and their average weight was determined as 140.50 g (95.00–177.00) at the beginning of the study. Before the study, the rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, 8 animals were placed in the 1st, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups and 11 animals were placed in the 2nd group. Rats in group 1 were fed standard food for 13 weeks. Rats in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups were fed with 10% fructose water during the 1-week adaptation period and then 20% fructose water. After the 7th week, probiotic treatment (2 × 109 CFU/ml Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) was administered to rats in group 3rd via gavage for 6 weeks, and prebiotic treatment was administered to rats in group 4th with feed containing 10% grape seed extract. Rats in the 5th group were given a feed consisting of 10% grape seed extract and 2 × 109 CFU/ml Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG via gavage.

Results

It was determined that the use of prebiotics as a treatment option in fatty liver had a more positive effect on glucose, ALT, melatonin, and ZO-1 values. In addition, it was observed that synbiotic use had more positive effects on histopathological findings, NAS score, and the expression level of circadian clock genes. While there was no significant difference between the mRNA levels of circadian clock genes, it was observed that gene expression levels increased with fructose consumption and decreased especially with synbiotic treatment.

Conclusion

It has been observed that fructose modulates the circadian rhythm by affecting some biochemical and genomic pathways as a result of synbiotic use in order to prevent the negative effects of fructose on fatty liver.
Elastic reverse time migration of flank-preserving deprimary based on Hilbert transform
Authors: Zhou Xiaoting , Zhou Xiyan , Wen Xiaotao , Wang Yibo , Chang Xu
Published: September 2024

Elastic reverse time migration (ERTM) uses multicomponent seismic data to image not only PP but also PS waves. The incorporation of PS imaging substantially mitigates the multisolution problem of inversion and interpretation. However, in ERTM, the PP image is affected by backscattering artifacts when the scattering angle is 180° or close to 180°. When the migration velocity model is inaccurate, false images may appear in regions with large velocity gradients in the PP and PS images. Deprimary ERTM (DpERTM) addresses this issue by decomposing the wavefield into up- and downgoing wavefields and subsequently crosscorrelates the downgoing-source and the upgoing-receiver wavefields to eliminate false images and low-frequency noise. However, the prismatic and turning waves used for imaging steeply dipping structures are weakened. Based on this analysis, we develop a method of flank-preserving DpERTM that introduces prismatic and turning waves information into the composite wavefield through a specific directional wavefield decomposition method based on the Hilbert transform. Subsequently, we construct the elastic wave dual-composite crosscorrelation imaging condition using composite downgoing-source and composite upgoing-receiver wavefields, which significantly enhances imaging of steeply dipping structures. Several numerical examples are evaluated to demonstrate that our method effectively suppresses low-frequency noise and eliminates false images caused by large velocity gradients while preserving steeply dipping structures.
The S3 orogenic gold targeting algorithm: A case study from the Timmins gold camp, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Kwan Karl , Müller Daniel , Groves David I. , Legault Jean M. , Reford Stephen , Maacha Lhou , Ouadjou Abdelmalek , Cao Yawen , Liu Jun
Published: September 2024

Mineral exploration targeting of orogenic gold deposits is challenging, especially in concealed terrains. To meet this challenge, a practical orogenic gold targeting method using structural complexity (SC), self-organizing map (SOM) and supervised deep neural network (SDNN) is proposed. As orogenic gold deposits are structurally controlled, the use of high-resolution aeromagnetic data in order to delineate concealed structures is routinely performed by mineral explorationists. SC is defined as the intersection density or the orientation diversity of linear structures, which can be derived from those magnetic data and/or acquired by geological structural mapping. Common features from both the SC and the magnetic data can be grouped together into one class by the SOM, essentially an unsupervised neural network classification method. A small percentage of the data can also be designated as anomalous classes by the SOM. The SOM results can support gold exploration targeting in areas lacking any known gold deposits or occurrences. However, the predictive targeting of orogenic gold mineralization can also be achieved with the support of a SDNN using the SC results. The SDNN can be trained by the SC data over known gold deposits or occurrences. The top few percentiles of the target probabilities are used for target generation. As the orogenic gold targeting process involves SC, SOM, and SDNN, it may be called the S3 method. This proposed S3 method is tested using public domain high-resolution aeromagnetic data covering the world-class Timmins gold camp in the Abitibi greenstone belt, Superior Province, Ontario, Canada. The results document that the S3 algorithm is an effective and robust AI-supported method to target concealed orogenic gold mineralization.
Incremental Value of Blood-Based Markers of Liver Fibrosis in Cardiovascular Risk Stratification
Authors: Georgiopoulos Georgios , Athanasopoulos Stavros , Mavraganis Georgios , Konstantaki Christina , Papaioannou Maria , Delialis Dimitrios , Angelidakis Lasthenis , Sachse Marco , Papoutsis Dimitrios , Cavlan Beyza , Tual-Chalot Simon , Zervas Georgios , Sopova Kateryna , Mitrakou Asimina , Stellos Konstantinos , Stamatelopoulos Kimon
Published: September 2024

Context

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with advanced liver fibrosis is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Objective

This work aimed to examine if markers of vascular injury mediate the link between liver fibrosis noninvasive tests (LFNITs) and CVD events, and to compare the incremental predictive value of LFNITs over established CVD risk scores.

Methods

Consecutively recruited individuals (n = 1692) with or without clinically overt coronary artery disease (CAD) from the Athens Cardiometabolic Cohort, were analyzed. Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), NAFLD Fibrosis score (NFS), and BARD score were evaluated for direct and indirect associations with indices of subclinical arterial injury including carotid maximal wall thickness (maxWT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) and with a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) that consisted of cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization (39-month median follow-up).

Results

FIB-4 was the only LFNIT that was consistently associated with multiple markers of vascular injury, irrespective of CAD presence and after controlling for traditional risk factors, surrogates of insulin resistance, or obesity (adjusted P < .05 for all). FIB-4 was also independently associated with CAD presence (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 6.55; 3.48-12.3; P < .001). Increased FIB-4 greater than 2.67 was incrementally associated with an increased risk for MACE (OR [95% CI] 2.00 [1.12-3.55], ΔAUC [95% CI] 0.014 [0.002-0.026]). These associations were mediated by maxWT rather than PWV. Only FIB-4 (>3.25) was independently and incrementally associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted P < 0.05).

Conclusion

In a cardiometabolically diverse population, the incremental associations of LFNITs with CVD outcomes were mediated by atherosclerotic burden rather than arterial stiffening. FIB-4 consistently demonstrated associations with all study end points. These findings provide mechanistic insights and support the clinical applicability of FIB-4 in CVD prevention.
A Pregnancy and Postnatal RCT Among Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Overweight/Obesity: The PAIGE2 Study
Authors: Kemp Bridie J , Kelly Bronagh , Cupples Georgina , Fleck Olwen , McAuley Emma , Creighton Rachel M , Wallace Helen , Graham Una , Mulligan Ciara , Kennedy Adele , Patterson Chris C , McCance David R
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study examined the influence of a pregnancy and postnatal multicomponent lifestyle intervention for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overweight/obesity from 6 weeks to 12 months postnatal. The primary outcome was weight at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included change in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG).

Methods

The study involved 235 pregnant women with GDM and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 during pregnancy. Intervention components included an educational session, activity tracker (Fitbit), monthly phone calls, weekly motivational text messages, 12-week voucher for a commercial weight management organization and anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical measurements taken at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postnatal. The control group received routine local maternity care.

Results

A mean weight change of −2.0 (SD 7.1) kg was observed in the intervention group compared with −0.6 (SD 8.0) kg in the control group, difference −1.4 (95% CI −4.4, 1.5) kg from 6 weeks to 12 months postnatal, but this was not statistically significant (P = .34). Neither were significant differences obtained for any secondary outcomes: BMI −0.6 (−1.6, 0.5) kg/m2, WC −1.0 (−5.1, 3.2) cm and FPG 0.07 (−0.15, 0.29) mmol/L.

Conclusion

This lifestyle intervention among women with overweight/obesity and GDM resulted in a statistically nonsignificant 1.4 kg greater weight loss compared with routine care at 12 months postnatal. Further research is needed to understand how the different components of this lifestyle intervention might be better applied to elicit more successful results.
An Evaluation of the Transfer of Skills and Knowledge from Two World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists Fellowship Programs
Authors: Bould M. Dylan , Cousins J. Bradley , Hoang Jenny , Zha Yuanting , Yilma Lydia , Gacii V. Mark , Subramanian Balavenkat , Evans Faye M.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Subspecialist training is an important part of developing human resources for health and for some learners, may require taking place in another, higher-resourced country. Despite effective learning of skills and knowledge in a different, more highly resourced context, transfer of these skills and knowledge back to a more poorly resourced context can be a challenge. We aimed to evaluate the transfer of skills and knowledge in 2 World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists (WFSA) fellowship programs.

METHODS:

This qualitative program evaluation study, guided by Guskey’s evaluation framework, used in-depth interviews of both faculty and graduates of the 2 fellowship programs. Interviews were conducted remotely, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using qualitative content and pattern analysis.

RESULTS:

We interviewed 2 administrators, 10 faculty members, 17 graduated fellows, and 3 graduated fellows now in the role of faculty member in that fellowship. Key themes were barriers and enablers to the transfer of skills, including workplace and staffing, resources, mentorship, the interprofessional team, and leadership. Graduated fellows were able to have an impact on returning home in the areas of practice and service development, research, and teaching.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study found that the 2 fellowship programs had variable success in the transfer of learned skills and knowledge back to the fellows’ “home” institutions. Contextual differences between the fellowship institution and the home institution were the main source of barriers to transfer, and fellows from different countries had diverse needs. Supporting the transfer of knowledge and skills should be an explicit goal of these fellowship programs, and as such, should be considered in the recruitment of fellows, curriculum development, and in how the success of a fellowship is evaluated. Curricula should not just focus on medical knowledge and skills, but also skills in leading change and in education.
“Open House”: Hospitality and Decentered Subjects in Charlotte Dacre's Zofloya, or The Moor (1806)
Authors: Lim Jane
Published: September 2024

If John Locke established the self-enclosed, paternal household as the basis of a new liberal state that fosters self-governing individuals, this Enlightenment model of family unit is disrupted in gothic fiction that posits claustrophobic homes as the primary locus of terror. Yet in Charlotte Dacre's Zofloya, or The Moor (1806), the terrifying household is curiously absent. Instead, Zofloya opens up the home, inviting nonmembers to enter and prompting family members to disseminate. It is precisely this openness, its capacity to spread and multiply into pseudo-households, that engenders terror in Zofloya. I argue that Dacre, by presenting an “open house,” dismantles the fiction of the Enlightenment household and the self-enclosed modern subject. Zofloya illustrates how the home breeds porous subjects who in turn are displaced by strangers attempting to “play host”; as such, the open household in Zofloya anticipates the slippage between host and guest delineated in Derrida's ethics of hospitality. By attending to moments of entering and passing, I will explore how Dacre's gothic imagination transforms the household into a space where the Enlightenment discourse on membership, household, and subjectivity collapses.
Gα13 controls pharyngeal endoderm convergence by regulating E-cadherin expression and RhoA activation
Authors: Hu Bo , Pinzour Joshua , Patel Asmi , Rooney Faith , Zerwic Amie , Gao Yuanyuan , Nguyen Nhan T. , Xie Huaping , Ye Ding , Lin Fang
Published: September 2024

Pharyngeal endoderm cells undergo convergence and extension (C&E), which is essential for endoderm pouch formation and craniofacial development. Our previous work implicates Gα13/RhoA-mediated signaling in regulating this process, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we have used endoderm-specific transgenic and Gα13 mutant zebrafish to demonstrate that Gα13 plays a crucial role in pharyngeal endoderm C&E by regulating RhoA activation and E-cadherin expression. We showed that during C&E, endodermal cells gradually establish stable cell-cell contacts, acquire apical-basal polarity and undergo actomyosin-driven apical constriction, which are processes that require Gα13. Additionally, we found that Gα13-deficient embryos exhibit reduced E-cadherin expression, partially contributing to endoderm C&E defects. Notably, interfering with RhoA function disrupts spatial actomyosin activation without affecting E-cadherin expression. Collectively, our findings identify crucial cellular processes for pharyngeal endoderm C&E and reveal that Gα13 controls this through two independent pathways – modulating RhoA activation and regulating E-cadherin expression – thus unveiling intricate mechanisms governing pharyngeal endoderm morphogenesis.
Dissecting the role of SMN multimerization in its dissociation from the Cajal body using harmine as a tool compound
Authors: Ohazama Saki , Fujimoto Akiko , Konda Daisuke , Yokoyama Ryota , Nakagawa Shinichi , Maita Hiroshi
Published: September 2024

Survival motor neuron protein (SMN), which is linked to spinal muscular atrophy, is a key component of the Gemin complex, which is essential for the assembly of small nuclear RNA-protein complexes (snRNPs). After initial snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm, both snRNPs and SMN migrate to the nucleus and associate with Cajal bodies, where final snRNP maturation occurs. It is assumed that SMN must be free from the Cajal bodies for continuous snRNP biogenesis. Previous observation of the SMN granules docked in the Cajal bodies suggests the existence of a separation mechanism. However, the precise processes that regulate the spatial separation of SMN complexes from Cajal bodies remain unclear. Here, we have employed a super-resolution microscope alongside the β-carboline alkaloid harmine, which disrupts the Cajal body in a reversible manner. Upon removal of harmine, SMN and Coilin first appear as small interconnected condensates. The SMN condensates mature into spheroidal structures encircled by Coilin, eventually segregating into distinct condensates. Expression of a multimerization-deficient SMN mutant leads to enlarged, atypical Cajal bodies in which SMN is unable to segregate into separate condensates. These findings underscore the importance of multimerization in facilitating the segregation of SMN from Coilin within Cajal bodies.
VISION – an open-source software for automated multi-dimensional image analysis of cellular biophysics
Authors: Weber Florian , Iskrak Sofiia , Ragaller Franziska , Schlegel Jan , Plochberger Birgit , Sezgin Erdinc , Andronico Luca A.
Published: September 2024

Environment-sensitive probes are frequently used in spectral and multi-channel microscopy to study alterations in cell homeostasis. However, the few open-source packages available for processing of spectral images are limited in scope. Here, we present VISION, a stand-alone software based on Python for spectral analysis with improved applicability. In addition to classical intensity-based analysis, our software can batch-process multidimensional images with an advanced single-cell segmentation capability and apply user-defined mathematical operations on spectra to calculate biophysical and metabolic parameters of single cells. VISION allows for 3D and temporal mapping of properties such as membrane fluidity and mitochondrial potential. We demonstrate the broad applicability of VISION by applying it to study the effect of various drugs on cellular biophysical properties. the correlation between membrane fluidity and mitochondrial potential, protein distribution in cell–cell contacts and properties of nanodomains in cell-derived vesicles. Together with the code, we provide a graphical user interface for easy adoption.
Papel das empresas na construção de uma sociedade antirracista
Authors: Jaime Pedro , Santos-Souza Humberto Reis dos
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: discutir por que as empresas devem assumir seu papel na construção de uma sociedade antirracista e mostrar o que devem fazer para isso. 
Estado da arte: pessoas negras ganham 39,2% a menos do que as não negras e são 65,1% dos desocupados no Brasil. Em relação à ascensão profissional no mundo corporativo, cabe destacar que, para alcançarmos proporção de negros em postos de direção nesse universo comparável àquela dos Estados Unidos, já por si desigual, deveríamos contar com 38% de afrodescendentes em cargos diretivos. Esse percentual é oito vezes o que temos hoje, 4,7%.
Originalidade: o artigo mostra como as desigualdades raciais marcam profundamente a realidade econômica e o mundo empresarial no Brasil e traz propostas para mudar esse quadro.
Impactos: o artigo chama a atenção de lideranças empresariais e gestores organizacionais para as desigualdades raciais no País e apresenta caminhos para as empresas assumirem sua responsabilidade na transformação social, enraizando políticas consistentes na sua cultura organizacional.
Analysis of clinical application effects of Esketamine combining Sufentanil in labor analgesia and their impacts on postpartum depression
Authors: Jiang Haoyu , Quan Shoubo , Su Yahai , Li Jingyi , Zhang Xuefeng
Published: September 2024

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effects of Esketamine combining Sufentanil in labor analgesia and their impacts on postpartum depression.
Methods: This was a retrospective study. One hundred and fifty primiparae with spontaneous labor were selected at SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan City from July 10, 2021 to May 10, 2022 as the research objects and randomly divided into two groups (each n=75). While the control group underwent epidural infusion of Sufentanil for analgesia, the study group was administered Esketamine combining Sufentanil. Compared analgesic effects, time of birth course, adverse reactions, pain intensity, scores assigned to depression and anxiety before analgesia and after delivery were made for pregnant women in both groups.
Results: The response rates of the study and control groups reached 100% and 93%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (p=0.02). The time of the first, second, and third stages of labor in the study group were all significantly lower than that of the control group; showing statistical significance (p=0.00). Regarding adverse reactions showed no statistically significant differences (p=0.44). Moreover, the study group showed noticeably lower pain intensity than those of the control group during delivery, 20 minutes and one hour after delivery; and their differences were statistically significant (p=0.00). After delivery, both the SAS and SDS of the study group were respectively lower than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences as well (p=0.00).
Conclusions: Applying Esketamine combining Sufentanil in epidural painless delivery produces rather favorable analgesic effects, shortens the time of the birth process, and improves postpartum anxiety and depression without leading to more adverse reactions.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.8689
How to cite this: Jiang H, Quan S, Su Y, Li J, Zhang X. Analysis of clinical application effects of Esketamine combining Sufentanil in labor analgesia and their impacts on postpartum depression. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(9):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.8689
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Isolation, morphological characterization, and screening virulence of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium robertsii fungal isolates on Galleria mellonella
Authors: Geremew Dereje , Shiberu Tadale , Leta Ararsa
Published: September 2024

Background Entomopathogenic fungi exists naturally in plants as an asymptote and have the potential to reduce the population of insect pests through indirect interactions. This study was conducted to detect and characterize the endophytic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium robertsii from the rhizosphere soil of tomato plants and their virulence effect on Galleria melonella. Methods From the rhizosphere soil of 40 tomato fields, three Beauveria bassiana and seven Metarhizium robertsii isolates were isolated using the galleria bait method. All fungi isolate were morphologically characterized by their colony color, shape, and surface texture. Isolates with the highest percentages of germination, conidial yield, and radial growth were selected, and their virulence was evaluated on second instar larvae of Galleria melonella under laboratory conditions. Results In this study, Beauveria bassiana showed white colony color and aseptate hyphae, whereas Metarhizium robertsii showed dark green to light green colony color and septate hyphal structures. Maximum spore production and conidial length were obtained by Beauveria bassiana isolate APPRC-27 with 2.67x107 spores ml-1 and 3.24 µm, respectively. Colony radial growth rates ranged from 1.73 to 3.24 mm day-1. The results revealed that the highest mortality rate of Galleria melonella (100%) was obtained by Metarhizium robertsii isolates K-61 and K-102 at a concentration of 1x108 conidial ml-1 at 7 days post-inoculation. The lowest mortality rate was registered by Metarhizium robertsii isolate RST-11. Conclusions In the present study, isolates that produced the most spores and had the highest germination rates were the most virulent to Galleria mellonella second instar larvae. Therefore, virulent entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium robertsii, are promising bioagents for the control of insect pests.
Relationship Between Xylene, Rq Xylene Concentration and Enzyme Activity as Indicators of Heart and Liver Function Among Shoe Industry Workers In Surabaya
Authors: Tualeka Abdul Rohim , Martiana Tri , Aziz Mohd Yusmaidie , Thamaraikani Tamilanban , Rosnon Roslan , Novianti Salsabila , Rahmawati Pudji , Ahsan Ahsan
Published: September 2024

Background Xylene, a common solvent in painting, printing, and shoemaking, enters the body through inhalation of vapors. Methods This observational analytic study aimed to examine the relationship between xylene concentration, xylene RQ, and liver function in industrial workers in Surabaya, especially in shoe industries. The chi-square method was utilized for data analysis. To ensure the validity and reliability of the study results, air and blood sampling procedures were implemented. Air sampling was conducted to measure xylene concentrations in the workplace environment, while blood samples were collected from workers to assess Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) and Serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT) levels. The study was conducted in five regions in Surabaya, namely Kalijudan, Ketintang, Jemursari, AUP, and Romokalisari. The population includes a total of 90 workers with 77 of them taken as samples using the accidental sampling method. Results The results show that there is a relationship between xylene concentration and Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) levels (p> 0.05); (r = 0,65) and there is no relationship between xylene concentrations and Serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT) levels (p> 0.05); (r = -0,12). There was no relationship between RQ and SGOT levels (p> 0.05) and there was no relationship between RQ and SGPT levels (p> 0.05). However, from the calculation of the prevalence ratio, workers with unsafe RQ (RQ>1) have a 7.09x greater chance of experiencing damage to SGOT levels and a 1.06x greater chance of experiencing damage to SGPT levels. Conclusions Xylene exposure (concentration & RQ) affects liver enzyme levels (SGOT/SGPT) in workers. Industries should consider providing nutritious food to aid xylene removal and stricter safety policies are needed. This study highlights the importance of a holistic approach to worker health and safety when dealing with hazardous chemicals.
Realtime physical simulator for virtual reality sailing by patients with spinal cord injury: an innovative voyage
Authors: Recio Albert C , Stiens Steven A , Morgan Marjorie , Selvarajah Shalini , Mazeh Amna C , Habgood Mark D , Saunders Norman R
Published: September 2024

Background The aim of this study was to explore whether sail training using a VSail® simulator would allow people with spinal cord injuries (SCI) to learn to sail in a safe controlled environment and then sail competently on the water in wind of moderate strength (12 knots). A battery of physical tests and questionnaires was used to evaluate possible improvements in health and well-being as a consequence of participation in the trial. Methods Twenty participants were recruited with the assistance of their physicians from The International Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kennedy Krieger Institute. Inclusion criteria were SCI >6 months previously, medically stable, with no recent (1 month or less) inpatient admission for acute medical or surgical issues. All neurological SCI levels (C1-S1) were eligible. All subjects followed a programme of instruction leading to mastery of basic sailing techniques (steering predetermined courses, sail trimming, tacking, gybing and mark rounding). Results Not all participants completed the study for various reasons. Those that did were seven males and six females, six with tetraplegia and seven with paraplegia. The mean age was 45 years (23 to 63) and the average time since injury was 14.7 years (2 to 38 years). At the end of the course subjects were able to perform the sailing maneuvers and navigate a triangular racecourse on the simulator’s display in 12 knots of wind within a pre-set time. At 6 weeks post completion of training most subjects showed a decrease in depression, physical and social limitations, and an improvement in physical tests. These improvements were maintained or increased in most participants by 12 weeks, but not others. Conclusions The primary objective of the trial was achieved as all participants who completed the VSail® training were able to sail on the water at the Downtown Sailing Center in Baltimore.
Village-Owned Enterprises (BUM Desa) Management Strategy Towards Sustainable Village Development
Authors:   Research Center For Social Welfare, Village, And Connectivity, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Mardiana Mardiana , Prihadyanti Dian , Falah Muhammad Helmi ,   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The amount of village funds distributed by the government to villages should be accompanied by an excellent performance of the empowerment programme and the improvement of the village economy through Village-Owned Enterprises (BUM Desa). However, many BUM Desa have stopped operating. This study aims to explore the causes of BUM Desa's poor performance using ethnographic research strategy. The results of this study revealed that the cause of BUM Desa's poor performance is that the community prefers BUM Desa that have physical buildings rather than implementing community empowerment-based businesses through modern cultivation and agriculture. In addition, many villages require higher capacity to formulate a vision for sustainable development. Both factors occur due to the low education level of village heads and communities. The weak performance of BUM Desa is exacerbated by the community culture that considers a person's height not based on capacity but age. In many villages, elders are often more dominant in making proposals than the village head, leading to a lack of focus on the direction of village development. BUM Desa performance is currently at the stage of fulfilling fiscal and social accountability but needs to be more effective in delivering empowerment benefits. Keywords: BUM Desa, economic performance, barriers, community empowerment, sustainability, village development
Mathematics
Authors: Zhukova Galina , Borisova Lyudmila
Published: September 2024

The textbook contains a systematic presentation of theoretical material that allows you to master the basic techniques and methods of researching a wide range of practical tasks. For each topic under discussion, a large number of examples and tasks developed in accordance with the work program of the discipline "Mathematics" are proposed with detailed analysis and solution. Much attention is paid to the application of mathematical methods to the study of economic problems.
Provides assistance in self-preparation and self-control in mastering the discipline, including preparation for lectures and practical classes, control work, computer testing in LMS Moodle, intermediate certifications.
It is addressed to university students studying in the field of training 03/10/2011 "Information security", teachers for the organization of the educational process, as well as to anyone interested in self-education.
Modrzejewska Dyrektorem?
Authors: Michalik Jan
Published: September 2024

The efforts of Helena Modjeska or other persons focused on achieving by her the management position within the theatre in Poland were indicated many times. However, they never became the subject of a separate, critical discussion or analysis. Mentions seemed to assume that directorial ambitions were inspired by the artist. For the first time, the article presents the whole source material. It allows to exchange a presumption accepted hitherto into certainty: such initiatives were not inspired by the actress – these impulses came from circles trying to use, for their own purposes, her great popularity guaranteeing increased income from performances with her participation. All four such attempts, with the whole factual context known today and each time changeable, have been presented in a chronological order. The first attempt was made in 1872 in Lviv, the second one – in the same city almost a decade later (1880). It was also considered at that time in Poznań. After another decade, such efforts, with traces of participation in this initiative of Modjeska herself, occurred in the years 1891–1893 in Krakow. After ten succeeding years, the theatre management was taken into account once again in 1903 in Lviv (possibly together with Krakow). Conclusions? The actress participated in such activities completely occasionally. She usually made nothing to take the prestigious position. From the very beginning, it was obvious for her and other persons that the artistic management, not administrative one, could be considered. She was not supposed to be responsible for the theatre organisation, the business functioning. Her responsibility could concern only the artistic work of the theatre.
Testimonial Heleny Modrzejewskiej w Nowym Jorku. Dekonstrukcja mitu
Authors: Kędziora Alicja
Published: September 2024

In 1905, the testimonial dedicated to Helena Modjeska was held at the Metropolitan Opera House. The purpose of this article is to attempt to address several detailed issues: What was the reason for organising the testimonial and who was its initiator? How did Paderewski’s decision not to play during the testimonial affect the shape of the event and its attendance? What does the term “testimonial” mean in the context of Modjeska’s farewell performance?
Cautious Exploitation: Learning and Search in Problems of Evaluation and Discovery
Authors: Levinthal Daniel A. , Schliesmann Daniel
Published: September 2024

Underlying the macrophenomenon of organizational search lie two central mechanisms: belief updating and explicit strategies of exploration/exploitation. We find that slow learning with respect to belief updating, in conjunction with a strategy of exploration/exploitation heavily tilted toward exploitation, leads to an effective process of organizational adaptation in a wide variety of settings. This joint search strategy can be thought of as “cautious exploitation.” Belief updating proves to be a more effective catalyst to search, facilitating both the process of discovery of alternatives and persistence in favorable alternatives, than an explicit strategy of exploration. However, it is important to consider the boundary conditions around this finding. Problems of search differ in important respects: from settings that are primarily problems of discovery where the critical challenge is identifying a promising alternative, but its promise is self-evident once identified, to problems of evaluation where assessing the merit of alternatives that are identified is itself a challenge. We find that our conventional wisdom about the role of explicit strategies of exploration holds in settings that are primarily problems of discovery. However, when the evaluation of alternatives is problematic and assessed through experience with a given alternative, we find that the macrophenomenon of effective organizational search is best realized with slow rates of belief updating in conjunction with an explicit strategy of exploration/exploitation that is tilted to be highly exploitative.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.17538 .
CARMA: Fair and Efficient Bottleneck Congestion Management via Nontradable Karma Credits
Authors: Elokda Ezzat , Cenedese Carlo , Zhang Kenan , Censi Andrea , Lygeros John , Frazzoli Emilio , Dörfler Florian
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a nonmonetary traffic demand management scheme, named CARMA, as a fair solution to the morning commute congestion. We consider heterogeneous commuters traveling through a single bottleneck that differ in both the desired arrival time and value of time (VOT). We consider a generalized notion of VOT by allowing it to vary dynamically on each day (e.g., according to trip purpose and urgency) rather than being a static characteristic of each individual. In our CARMA scheme, the bottleneck is divided into a fast lane that is kept in free flow and a slow lane that is subject to congestion. We introduce a nontradable mobility credit, named karma, that is used by commuters to bid for access to the fast lane. Commuters who get outbid or do not participate in the CARMA scheme instead use the slow lane. At the end of each day, karma collected from the bidders is redistributed, and the process repeats day by day. We model the collective commuter behaviors under CARMA as a dynamic population game (DPG), in which a stationary Nash equilibrium (SNE) is guaranteed to exist. Unlike existing monetary schemes, CARMA is demonstrated, both analytically and numerically, to achieve (a) an equitable traffic assignment with respect to heterogeneous income classes and (b) a strong Pareto improvement in the long-term average travel disutility with respect to no policy intervention. With extensive numerical analysis, we show that CARMA is able to retain the same congestion reduction as an optimal monetary tolling scheme under uniform karma redistribution and even outperform tolling under a well-designed redistribution scheme. We also highlight the privacy-preserving feature of CARMA, that is, its ability to tailor to the private preferences of commuters without centrally collecting the information.

History: This paper has been accepted for the Transportation Science Special Issue on TSL Conference 2023.

Funding: This work was supported by NCCR Automation, a National Centre of Competence in Research, funded by the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung [Grant 180545].

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2023.0323 .
The Study on Mental Health of Korean Adolescents
Authors: Bae Jeong Yee
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The concerns for adolescents' mental health problem are increasing in Korea. The aim of this study was to establish the basic data for adolescents’ mental health states (obsessive compulsive behavior, depression, anxiety, and hostility) in regional urban and rural area of Korea. Methods: A descriptive and correlative study has been conducted to report adolescents’ mental health states, to identify the risk factors associated with mental. Four thousand four hundred twenty five middle school and high school students and resident in regional urban and rural area were analyzed by visit-survey with an organized questionnaire. SCL-90-R for measurement of mental health was used. Results: Obsessive compulsive behavior was 24.33±7.12ranged 10 to 50, depression was 25.68±10.19 ranged 10 to 65, anxiety was 17.08士7.72 ranged 10 to 50 and hostility was 11.64土5.37 ranged 6 to 30. Pearson's correlation coefficients revealed the significance in degree of obsessive compulsive behavior, depression, anxiety, and hostility. Conclusion: The item mean of each dimension appeared as follows: 24.33 for the obsessive compulsive behavior; 25.68 for the depression, 17.08 for the anxiety; and 11.64 for the hostility. This study shows that a number of characteristics of the adolescents significantly affect levels of mental health states, the most notable of these factors being grade, sex, economic status, atmosphere at home, conversation with parents, school life, academic performance, relationship with friends, experience of run away from home, experience of suicidal attempted, smoking experience, drinking experience, experience of drugs use and experience of sexual relation.
Knowledge and Attitudes of School Teachers Toward Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use and School Health Policy
Authors: Lee Mihyoung , Ham Ok Kyung , Lee Sujin
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aimed at identifying school health policy related to tobacco, alcohol, and drug use of students and assessing knowledge and attitudes of teachers toward tobacco, alcohol, and drug use to provide baseline data in the development of school health programs. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive research design targeting 216 teachers from 167 schools located in one city. Results: The most frequently employed school policy when teachers detected tobacco, alcohol, or drug use students was provision of counseling to students and/or their parents, followed by after school programs, while only 4.2〜 13.0% had referred students to smoking cessation, alcohol treatment, and/or drug abuse treatment programs. The mean scores for knowledge related to tobacco, alcohol, and drug use were highest among the school health teachers, whereas, mean attitude scores of tobacco, alcohol, and drug use were highest among the elementary school teachers.Conclusions: It is required to develop codified school health policy regarding tobacco, alcohol, and drug use of students, while treatment and control programs should be more actively provided for students committing these health risk behaviors. Efforts should be made to enhance appropriate attitudes toward tobacco, alcohol, and drug use among middle and high school teachers.
Psychological Adjusting Process to Diseases in People with Chronic Illnesses
Authors: Lee Kyoung Soon , Min Young Choon
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to generate a grounded substantive theory of the psychological adjusting process to disease in people with chronic illnesses in Korea. Methods: For this study, the ground ed theory method was utilized. The sample was comprised of 10 individuals with a chronic illness.Results: According to data analysis, the psychological adjusting process to chronic illnesses was psychological diag nosis shock and chronic process of disease -여 disequilibrium -* powerlessness ■— cognitive transition seeking useful information and sharing suppressed emotions —> getting to know lives. A central phenomen on, powerlessness, emerged from the grounded data. A core category of cognitive transition from negative to positive as a psychological adjusting process to chronic illnesses was identified. Conclusion: In con clusion, finding excellent coping strategies are needed to adjust to chronic illnesses efficiently, such as, cognitive transition, seeking useful information and sharing suppressed emotions with others. Also, helping people to find meaning in one's own life and to live gratefully is very valuable to adjust to chronic illnesses.
The Effect of Parents' Educational Expectations and Parenting Attitudes to Parent-Child Attachment among Female Adolescents
Authors: Kim Ki Sook , Kim Kyung Hee
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of parents* educational expectations and parenting atti tudes to parent-child attachment among female adolescents. Methods: Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and stepwise multiple regression methods. A data survey was conveniently conducted to 373 middle and high school female students in Seoul. Results: The mother attachment was higher than father attachment in female adolescents. There were significant mother attach ment differences by school record, economic status, and alone time and father attachment differences by school record, economic status, occupation of father and mother, and alone time. Both parent attachment positively correlated to each parents* attachment, parenting attitudes, and educational expectation. The most significant variables for mother attach ment were father attachment, mothers' parenting attitudes, and mother’s educational expectation. The significant varia bles for fathers were mother attachment, and fathers' parenting attitudes. These 2 regression models explained 66.2%, and 68.7% of mother attachment and father attachment respectively. Conclusion: The above mentioned findings were identified as significant factors affecting parent attachment of female adolescents. The findings are expected to make a positive contribution to create an ideal intervention at school and home to promote family function.