bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectional study of loss of life expectancy at different ages related to firearm deaths among black and white Americans
Authors: Kalesan Bindu , Vyliparambil Mrithyunjay A , Zuo Yi , Siracuse Jeffrey J , Fagan Jeffrey A , Branas Charles C , Galea Sandro
Published: December 2018

Understanding the life years lost by assault and suicide due to firearms among white and black Americans can help us understand the race-specific and intent-specific firearm mortality burden and inform prevention programmes. The objective was to assess national and race-specific life expectancy loss related to firearms in the USA due to assault and suicide. We used firearm mortality data available from Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research to calculate the life expectancy loss between 2000 and 2016 separately for assaults and suicides among white and black Americans. The total national life expectancy loss due to firearms was 2.48 (2.23 whites, 4.14 blacks) years. The total life expectancy loss in years due to firearm assault was 0.95 (0.51 whites, 3.41 blacks) and suicide was 1.43 (1.62 whites, 0.60 blacks), respectively. Firearm life expectancy loss in years at birth, 20, 40 and 60 years of age was 0.29 (0.22 whites, 0.56 blacks), 0.25 (0.21 whites, 0.47 blacks), 0.09 (0.10 whites, 0.08 blacks) and 0.03 (0.03 whites, 0.01 blacks) years. National firearm life expectancy loss in days from 20 to 60 years declined by 79.5 (65.8 whites, 166.3 blacks); for assault by 37.5 (18.9 whites, 141.0 blacks) and suicides by 38.7 (43.9 whites, 20.3 blacks). Americans lose substantial years of life due to firearm injury. This loss in life years is characterised by a large racial gap by age and intent. Tailored prevention programmes are needed to reduce this loss and lessen the racial gaps.
Efficacy of capsule endoscopy in patients with cirrhosis for the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal lesions and small bowel abnormalities: a study protocol for prospective interventional study
Authors: Iwata Yoshinori , Nishikawa Hiroki , Enomoto Hirayuki , Yoh Kazunori , Ishii Akio , Yuri Yukihisa , Ishii Noriko , Miyamoto Yuho , Hasegawa Kunihiro , Nakano Chikage , Takata Ryo , Nishimura Takashi , Aizawa Nobuhiro , Sakai Yoshiyuki , Ikeda Naoto , Takashima Tomoyuki , Iijima Hiroko , Nishiguchi Shuhei
Published: December 2018

Introduction and aims

The role of capsule endoscopy (CE) in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) has yet to be established; however, it is likely that it will remain a valuable diagnostic modality in several groups of patients with LC. The primary aims of the current prospective interventional study are to examine the prevalence for small bowel lesions and transit time of CE in the gastrointestinal tract in patients with LC with oesophageal varices (EVs) requiring endoscopic therapies.

Methods and analysis

The current study will be a single-centre prospective interventional study. Our study participants are LC subjects with portal hypertension who were determined to be necessary for prophylactic endoscopic therapies for EVs. From the view point of safety, patients with gastrointestinal obstruction or fistula or those being suspected of having gastrointestinal obstruction or fistula will be excluded from our study. Patients with implanted medical devices will be also excluded. CE will be performed prior to prophylactic endoscopic therapies in the same hospitalisation and relevant images will be analysed after 8 hours by expert endoscopists. This study will continue to recruit until 50 participants.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has received approval from the Institutional Review Board at Hyogo College of Medicine (approval no. 2680). The study protocol, informed assent form and other submitted files were reviewed and acknowledged. Final data will be publicly scattered regardless of the study results. A report releasing study results will be submitted for publication in a suitable journal after being finished in data collection.

Trial registration number

UMIN000028433 (https://upload.umin.ac.jp/).
Exercise time cues (zeitgebers) for human circadian systems can foster health and improve performance: a systematic review
Authors: Lewis Philip , Korf Horst W , Kuffer Liz , Groß J Valérie , Erren Thomas C
Published: December 2018

Background

Circadian system time cues (zeitgebers) acting synergistically at the right times can foster chronobiological homeostasis and ultimately health. Modern 24/7 societies are challenging chronobiological homeostasis and public health. Exercise has been discussed as a potential zeitgeber for the human circadian system. Thus, if timed correctly, exercise may help in maintenance of chronobiological homeostasis and foster public health amidst increasingly challenging 24/7 lifestyles.

Objective

To test, using a systematic review of the literature, the following hypothesis: exercise is a zeitgeber for the human circadian system.

Data sources

The PubMed database was systematically searched on 19 October 2017 for relevant scientific studies and reports concerning chronobiology and exercise. Eligibility criteria were defined to include articles considering exercise as a potential zeitgeber for human circadian rhythmicity or chronobiological effects of exercise on health and/or physical performance. Cognitive effects and effects on children were excluded from the synthesis.

Results

Our systematic literature search and synthesis is compatible with the validity of the hypothesis. We report that potential exercise-zeitgeber properties may be used to improve health and performance.

Conclusions

Informed timing of exercise, specific to the circadian rhythm phase and zeitgeber exposure of the individual, must be advocated in performance and disease contexts as an adjunct therapeutic or preventative strategy and physical enhancer.
Objective assessment of stiffness in Achilles tendinopathy: a novel approach using the MyotonPRO
Authors: Morgan Gafin Ericson , Martin Rhodri , Williams Lisa , Pearce Owen , Morris Keith
Published: December 2018

Objectives

The aim of this study was to establish quantitative values for asymptomatic and symptomatic Achilles tendons.

Design

Cohort study with a single (cross-sectional) time point of patients diagnosed with unilateral Achilles tendinopathy and an asymptomatic group with comparative homogeneity.

Methods

A sample of 50 participants: 25 diagnosed with symptomatic unilateral Achilles tendinopathy (AT group) and 25 with asymptomatic Achilles tendons (control group 2). The asymptomatic side of the AT group was used as a control (control group 1). Measurements at 2 cm intervals on the tendon from its insertion at the calcaneum up to the musculotendinous junction were taken non-weight bearing (NWB) and weight bearing (WB) using the MyotonPRO.

Results

There was a significant (p<0.005) decrease in natural oscillation frequency (F) at points 2, 3 and 4 of the AT group (NWB condition) and points 2 and 3 for the WB condition. There was a significant (p<0.005) increase in logarithmic decrement (D) at points 2 and 3 signifying a decrease in elasticity. Dynamic stiffness (S) was significantly (p<0.005) reduced in the AT group at points 2 and 3 WB and point 3 WB. There was no significant difference in creep (C) observed between the symptomatic and asymptomatic tendons. There was a significant (p<0.005) increase in mechanical stress relaxation time (R) at point 2 NWB.

There was a correlation between body weight and gender on tendon mechanics, with the symptomatic tendons. No significant differences were observed between the control group 1 and control group 2.

Conclusions

The MyotonPRO measured decreased stiffness over a section of the tendon corresponding clinically with Achilles tendinopathy. This may have potential in identifying risk of injury and informing rehabilitation, however further extensive research is required to generate baseline data for specific population groups monitoring variables over time. Age, gender and body mass index appear to have some bearing on the mechanical properties of the tendon but mainly in the tendinopathy group.
Towards harmonizing the NFRC and CEN window performance simulation methods
Authors: Ebanks Peta-Gaye , Richman Russell
Published: December 2018

Studies have found that the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) methods produce different U-values for the same window resulting in confusion when comparing products. A comparative evaluation of the NFRC and CEN U-value calculation methods was conducted for North American residential high-performance window products with focus on the most influential parameters in determining the whole window U-value for high-performance windows. Using two-dimensional conduction simulation software, four North American high-performance frame types with double, triple, and quad glazing combinations were simulated and calculated according to the NFRC and CEN standard methods. Overall, the trend showed that for the specific window combinations of this study, the higher the performance of the insulated glazing unit (IGU), the lesser the differences in the whole window U-value of both methods. The results showed an overall difference of 1 to 11% in whole window U-value when using the NFRC and CEN standards, lower than other studies. Generally, the NFRC standard resulted in the lower U-value for each case. Recommendations for harmonization of the two standards include aligning boundary conditions, frame cavity models, and material conductivities.
MICROSTRUCTURE BASED FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF PARTICLE FILLED POLYMER COMPOSITE
Authors: Supriya S. , Selwinrajadurai J. , Anshul P.
Published: December 2018

Particle filled polymer composites are widely used because of its tailor-made properties and ease of manufacturability. Existing micro mechanical models to characterize heterogeneous material are based on the Representative Volume Element (RVE). The assumptions made in the RVE model, play a crucial role in the exact prediction of effective properties of the composites. In this work, microstructure based RVE is utilized to predict the effective properties of Solid Glass Microsphere (SGM) filled epoxy composite. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image obtained from the specimens fabricated at different loading fractions is processed in MATLAB. Canny edge detection algorithm is utilized for processing the images. The random dispersion of the particle is exactly modeled in ANSYS from the MATLAB output. The effective Young’s modulus of the SGM filled epoxy composite is determined. The numerically predicted values are compared with the experimental value and analytical models.
AXIAL-FLOW BLOOD PUMP ACCELERATION CONTROL METHOD BASED ON A START-UP PROCESS DYNAMIC MODEL
Authors: Yan Xu , Youxia Pang , Lizhi Cheng , Liang Liang
Published: December 2018

The principle of a large gap magnetic drive system was used to achieve control of an axial-flow blood pump. A dynamic model of the start-up process of the axial-flow blood pump was established. It was analyzed and simulated. An acceleration control method for the blood pump was proposed based on the start-up process dynamic model. A corresponding parameter measurement test system was set up, and experimental data were compared with the results of the theoretical simulation. Results indicated that the experimental values obtained for the blood pump outlet pressure and flow rate changed similarly with the values obtained using theoretical simulation. These changes occurred simultaneously with the change in speed of the blood pump over time, and the driving control target value was reached within 4 seconds.
IDENTIFICATION OF VISCOELASTIC MODEL OF FOUR-WIRE SUSPENSION SYSTEM IN OPTICAL PICKUP ACTUATOR
Authors: Chang Ren J. , Liu Zheng Y.
Published: December 2018

A novel viscoelastic model of four-wire suspension structure with damping gel in an optical pickup actuator was identified and validated. A two-stage method was developed for the identification of inertia, damping, and spring parameters in the dynamic model. The inertia and spring parameters were identified from static tests. With the identified parameters in the dynamic model, the damping parameters were identified through sinusoidal excitation tests. The accuracy of utilizing fractional derivative to model the damping of polymer damper was validated by carrying out error analysis. The fractional transfer function with voltage input was identified and compared with the transfer function of classical model.
INFLUENCE OF THE TEMPERATURE ON ULTRASONIC IMAGES GENERATED BY ARRAYS IN ASTM A36 STEEL
Authors: Pereira Paulo , dos Santos Auteliano Antunes
Published: December 2018

The temperature often plays an important role in ultrasonic inspections, since the velocity of ultrasonic waves is highly influenced by it. To create ultrasonic images, not only the wave velocity is important but also the amplitude of the signals. The aim of this work is to verify the influence of the temperature on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in ultrasonic images obtained from an ASTM A36 steel sample. The ultrasonic images were created applying the Total Focusing Method (TFM) in signals recorded using an ultrasonic array. The results showed the SNR increases linearly with the temperature for images obtained closer to the surface of the sample. For images obtained deeper in the sample, no variation in SNR related to the temperature could be noticed.
KINEMATICS AND WORKSPACE ANALYSIS OF A 3 DEGREE OF FREEDOM PARALLEL MECHANISM WITH PARALLELOGRAM LINKAGE
Authors: San HongJun , Lei JunSong , Chen JiuPeng , Xiao ZhengMing , Zhao JunJie
Published: December 2018

In this paper, a 3-DOF translational parallel mechanism with parallelogram linkage was studied. According to the space vector relation between the moving platform and the fixed base, the direct and inverse position solutions of this mechanism was deduced through analytical method. In addition, the error of the algorithm was analyzed, and the algorithm had turned out to be effective and to have the satisfactory computational precision. On the above basis, the workspace of this mechanism was found through graphical method, which was compared with that of finding through Monte Carlo method, and there was the feasibility for analyzing the workspace of the mechanism by graphical method. The characteristic of the mechanism was analyzed by comparing the results of two analysis methods, which provided a theoretical basis for the application of the mechanism.
A Generalization of the Theory of Expertons
Authors: Ferrer-Comalat Joan Carles , Linares-Mustarós Salvador , Corominas-Coll Dolors
Published: December 2018

With the advent of fuzzy logic applications in the field of economics and in the context of expert systems we are witnessing a new approach to data-gathering methods as the aggregation of data provided by various experts brings with it new data fusion techniques. In 1987, the exploration of these techniques gave rise to the experton concept as an integrating element that allows the collection of all information expressed by a group of experts relating to the level or degree of truth of a statement or the degree of fulfilment of a certain vague or imprecise characteristic. Over the thirty years since its formulation, the experton concept has been applied as a support element in decision-making processes in many areas of the social sciences. The aim of this article is to present a generalization of the experton concept for both the discrete and continuous cases, which respects known properties and has the potential to be practically applied in various situations where there is a need to perform a simulation of various opinion scenarios relating to a characteristic or statement, and thus explore new approaches to decision-making models.
THE EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON OPTICAL AND PHOTOLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF LiNbO3
Authors: FAKHRI MAKRAM A. , SALIM EVAN T. , ABDULWAHHAB AHMED W. , HASHIM U. , MUNSHID MOHAMED A. , SALIM ZAID T.
Published: December 2018

This paper concerns deposition of nano and micro structures of Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) on a quartz substrate using sol–gel method. The nanostructure was deposited based on spin coating technique with speed of 3000[Formula: see text]rpm for 30[Formula: see text]s. Samples were exposed for different annealing temperature ranges from 100∘C to 600∘C. The optical properties and the morphological results of the grown films have been investigated using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical study through UV–Visible and Photoluminescence (PL). The results showed that good transmission and bandgap properties can be obtained as the annealing temperature increases. In contrast, the higher annealing temperature results in reduction of the refractive index value, and the grains are regularly distributed within the film as a result of increasing the annealing temperature. This comes from the growing effect of packs density as a result of oxidation process during heating process.
A theoretical study of vibrational effects on strong field ionization of CS2
Authors: Zhang Meixia , Xu Guangwen , Lu Guoying , Song Peng
Published: December 2018

Tunneling ionization of vibrationally excited CS2 molecules in their ground electronic state is calculated using molecular orbital Ammosov–Delone–Krainov theory (MO-ADK) considering bond length-dependence and bond angle-dependence. The tunneling ionization rates and the corresponding electron density are calculated respectively for different initial states. A relationship between laser intensity and the molecular orientation angle is determined and compared with experimental results, showing excellent agreement. Our calculations show that the primary contribution of vibration effect to CS2 in tunneling ionization is due to the symmetric expansion mode.
China in the Pacific Islands: Shaping a Community of Shared Future
Authors: Liang Jiarui
Published: December 2018

Separated by the vast Pacific Ocean, China and Pacific Island countries have been interlinked through vigorous ocean diplomacy which helps strengthen their political, economic and cultural relations. Based upon common perceptions and with new momentum generated under China’s “Belt and Road Initiative (BRI),” both sides can join hands in building a community of shared future for their mutual benefits. With regard to the cultural diversity, colonial history, group identity and various legitimate concerns of Pacific Island countries, China needs to adopt a more comprehensive and pragmatic approach in order to achieve win-win cooperation.
Assessing Impact of Human Capital, SRHRM and Employee Related Factors on Firm Performance
Authors: Chanda Udayan , Goyal Praveen
Published: December 2018

In today’s competitive environment, the Indian manufacturing sector is feeling the need to develop new strategies to increase employee performance by improving the job satisfaction and reducing stress. Improving employee performance is one of the important drivers of the organization’s growth. In recent years, organizations are also investing a great deal on human capital to capitalize on employee productivity. The objective of this study is to identify and assess the association among different individual level factors and their impact on the organization performance in the Indian Manufacturing companies. Partial least square (PLS) approach was used to examine the relationships among various factors that lead to employee commitment and organizational performance. Results of this study can provide an important reference for both academicians and practitioners for effectively improving employee satisfaction, employee commitment to increase the economic performance of the organization.
HMGB1 is mechanistically essential in the development of experimental pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Dai Mao , Xiao Rui , Cai Luyao , Ge Tong , Zhu Liping , Hu Qinghua
Published: December 2018

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a mortal disease featuring pulmonary vascular constriction and remodeling, right heart failure, and eventual death. Several reports showed that high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) appears to be critical for the development of PH; the underlying mechanism, however, has not been revealed. Experiments in the present study demonstrated that HMGB1 levels were elevated in the lung tissue and blood plasma of rats after chronic hypoxia exposure and monocrotaline treatment. HMGB1 was originally located within the nucleus and translocated to the cytoplasm of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) upon hypoxia exposure, a process that appeared to be mediated by endogenous H2O2. Exposure to HMGB1 mobilized calcium signaling in PASMCs, a response that was attenuated by extracellular Ca2+ removal, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibition by TAK-242, or transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) suppression with 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and SKF-96365. The sustained phosphorylation of the Akt pathway modulated HMGB1-induced migration of PASMCs. The blockage of HMGB1 with glycyrrhizin or anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody attenuated lung inflammation and PH establishment in rats after hypoxia exposure and monocrotaline treatment. The above findings reveal the mechanistic importance of HMGB1 in PH through TLR4- and TRPC-associated Ca2+ influx and Akt phosphorylation-driven PASMC migration.
Platelet-endothelial cell interactions modulate smooth muscle cell phenotype in an in vitro model of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zeng Min , Luo Yulin , Xu Chunrong , Li Rong , Chen Ni , Deng Xin , Fang Dan , Wang Liqun , Wu Jianbo , Luo Mao
Published: December 2018

Platelet (PLT)-endothelial cell (EC) interaction appears to contribute to phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which play an important role in the physiological and pathological process of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). However, the precise mechanisms by which interactions between PLTs and ECs affect VSMC phenotype have largely remained unclear. We determined the effect of diabetic PLT-EC interaction to influence VSMC migration, proliferation, and phenotypic transformation in triple-cell coculture models using the quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, fluorescence microscopy, wound scratch assays, CCK-8 assays, and gelatin zymography assays. Our results revealed DM2 PLT-EC interaction to be associated with a significant downregulation of VSMC-specific contractile phenotypic genes and proteins, including SM22α, smooth muscle actin, Smoothelin-B, and smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain. Inversely, VSMC-specific proliferative phenotype gene and protein levels, including cyclin D1 and 2, nonmuscle myosin heavy chain B, and PCNA were in upregulation. Furthermore, the DM2-originated PLT-EC interaction promoted the expression level of transforming growth factor-β1, and the PI3K/Akt and matrix metalloproteinase 9 signaling pathway was activated subsequently. Finally, these reactions contributed to a synthetic phenotype of VSMCs, including the proliferation, migration, and gelatinolytic activities. These findings suggest that PLT-EC interaction modulates the phenotypic transition of VSMCs between a contractile and proliferative/synthetic phenotype under diabetic conditions, conceivably providing important implications regarding the mechanisms controlling the VSMC phenotypic transition and the development of cardiovascular complications.
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI promotes early detection of toxin-induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Privratsky Jamie R. , Wang Nian , Qi Yi , Ren Jiafa , Morris Benjamin T. , Hunting John C. , Johnson G. Allan , Crowley Steven D.
Published: December 2018

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Nevertheless, there is limited ability to diagnose AKI in its earliest stages through the collection of structural and functional information. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used to provide structural and functional data that characterize the injured kidney. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI is an imaging modality with robust spatial and temporal resolution; however, its ability to detect changes in kidney function following AKI has not been determined. We hypothesized that DCE MRI would detect a prolongation in contrast transit time following toxin-induced AKI earlier than commonly used serum and tissue biomarkers. To test our hypothesis, we injected mice with either vehicle or cisplatin (30 mg/kg) and performed DCE MRI at multiple time points. We found that commonly used kidney injury biomarkers, including creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, did not rise until day 2 following cisplatin. Tissue levels of the proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1α, IL-6, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 similarly did not upregulate until day 2 following cisplatin. However, the time to peak intensity of contrast in the renal collecting system was already prolonged at day 1 following cisplatin compared with vehicle-treated mice. This intensity change mirrored changes in kidney injury as measured by histological analysis and in transporter expression in the proximal tubule. Taken together, DCE MRI is a promising preclinical imaging modality that is useful for assessing functional capacity of the kidney in the earliest stages following AKI.
An Improved Genetic Algorithm Based Robust Approach for Stochastic Dynamic Facility Layout Problem
Authors: Peng Yunfang , Zeng Tian , Fan Lingzhi , Han Yajuan , Xia Beixin
Published: December 2018

This paper deals with stochastic dynamic facility layout problem under demand uncertainty in terms of material flow between facilities. A robust approach suggests a robust layout in each period as the most frequent one falling within a prespecified percentage of the optimal solution for multiple scenarios. Mont Carlo simulation method is used to randomly generate different scenarios. A mathematical model is established to describe the dynamic facility layout problem with the consideration of transport device assignment. As a solution procedure for the proposed model, an improved adaptive genetic algorithm with population initialization strategy is developed to reduce the search space and improve the solving efficiency. Different sized instances are compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to verify the effectiveness of the proposed genetic algorithm. The experiments calculating the cost deviation ratio under different fluctuation level show the good performance of the robust layout compared to the expected layout.
Harmonic Modeling of a Diode-Clamped Multilevel Voltage Source Converter for Predicting Uncharacteristic Harmonics
Authors: Huang Tian Hao , Lian Kuo Lung
Published: December 2018

In response to the growing demand for medium- and high-power trends, multilevel voltage source converters (VSCs) have been attracting growing considerations. One of the widely used VSCs are the diode-clamped multilevel VSC (DCM-VSC). As these converters proliferate, their harmonic impact may become significant. Nevertheless, a harmonic model for the DCM-VSC is currently lacking in the literature. In this paper, the ABCD matrix, mapping the input harmonics to the output harmonics of DCM-VSC, is derived. As the matrix is formulated in the time-domain, the output harmonics are exact and do not suffer from harmonic truncation errors. As the paper will demonstrate, the derived ABCD matrix can be easily applied to a microgrid system and users can easily predict all the uncharacteristic harmonics when a microgrid is subjected to various conditions of imbalance. In addition to all the results being validated with those of PSCAD/EMTDC, the computation time of the proposed method is in contrast much shorter.
Evaluation of the 3 mm Thickness Splint Therapy on Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMDs)
Authors: Akbulut Nihat , Altan Ahmet , Akbulut Sibel , Atakan Cemal
Published: December 2018

Objective. This study aimed at finding out whether the 3 mm thickness of stabilization splints has positive or negative effects on all temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms. Materials and Methods. The statistical calculation included 25 (22 females; 3 males) TMD patients who received 3 mm thickness stabilization splint therapy. They were evaluated according to follow-up treatment period, TMD pain, muscle pain, mouth opening, diet score, and splint usage time per day. Results. There was important treatment success that 22 (88%) of patients were totally healed. There was not any remarkable effect or advancement of splints on total healings of TMDs in first 3 months’ period (11/25 patients, 44%). The mouth opening mean reached 38, 67 mm at 6 months and 41 mm at 12 months with remarkable success. Except one (4%) patient, other 24 (96%) patients had a normal diet score of 3 at the end of splint therapy. There was no correlation between splint usage duration a day and total healing of TMDs. Conclusion. We conclude that 3 mm splint therapy should maintain at least 6 months to achieve remarkable results. Splint should be used at least 12 h a day consistent with our results. Finally, diet score should be incorporated with TMD pain and amount of mouth opening; hence, we advise to use in one term as “total healing.”
Health Status Assessment for Wind Turbine with Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Sun Zexian , Sun Hexu
Published: December 2018

In order to improve the safety, efficiency, and reliability in large scale wind turbines, a great deal of statistical and machine-learning models for wind turbine health monitoring system (WTHMS) are proposed based on SCADA variables. The data-driven WTHMS have been performed widely with the attentions on predicting the failures of the wind turbine or primary components. However, the health status of wind turbine often degrades gradually rather than suddenly. Thus, the SCADA variables change continuously to the occurrence of certain faults. Inspired by the ability of recurrent neural network (RNN) in redefining the raw sensory data, we introduce a hybrid methodology that combines the analysis of variance for each sequential SCADA variable with RNN to assess the health status of wind turbine. First, each original sequence is split by different variance ranges into several categories to improve the generalized ability of the RNN. Then, the long short-term memory (LSTM) is procured on the normal running sequence to learn the gradually changing situations. Finally, a weighted assessment method incorporating the health of primary components is applied to judge the health level of the wind turbine. Experiments on real-world datasets from two wind turbines demonstrate the effectiveness and generalization of the proposed model.
A Systematic Review of Modifications and Validation Methods for the Extension of the Keystroke-Level Model
Authors: Al-Megren Shiroq , Khabti Joharah , Al-Khalifa Hend S.
Published: December 2018

The keystroke-level model (KLM) is the simplest model of the goals, operators, methods, and selection rules (GOMS) family. The KLM computes formative quantitative predictions of task execution time. This paper provides a systematic literature review of KLM extensions across various applications and setups. The objective of this review is to address research questions concerning the development and validation of extensions. A total of 54 KLM extensions have been exhaustively reviewed. The results show that the original keystroke and mental act operators were continuously preserved or adapted and that the drawing operator was used the least. Excluding the original operators, almost 45 operators were collated from the primary studies. Only half of the studies validated their model’s efficiency through experiments. The results also identify several research gaps, such as the shortage of KLM extensions for post-GUI/WIMP interfaces. Based on the results obtained in this work, this review finally provides guidelines for researchers and practitioners.
Radiation Therapy for Retroperitoneal Sarcomas: Influences of Histology, Grade, and Size
Authors: Leiting Jennifer L. , Bergquist John R. , Hernandez Matthew C. , Merrell Kenneth W. , Folpe Andrew L. , Robinson Steven I. , Nagorney David M. , Truty Mark J. , Grotz Travis E.
Published: December 2018

Perioperative radiation therapy (RT) has been associated with reduced local recurrence in patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS); however, selection criteria remain unclear. We hypothesized that perioperative RT would improve survival in patients with RPS and would be associated with pathological factors. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) from 2004 to 2012 was reviewed for patients with nonmetastatic RPS undergoing curative intent resection. Tumor size was dichotomized at 15 cm based on 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging. Patients with the highest comorbidity score were excluded. Unadjusted Kaplan–Meier and adjusted Cox proportional hazards modeling analyzed overall survival (OS). Multivariable logistic regression modeled margin positivity. A total of 2,264 patients were included; 727 patients (32.1%) had perioperative radiation in whom 203 (9.0%) had radiation preoperatively. Median (IQR) RPS size was 17.5 [11.0–27.0] cm. Histopathology was high grade in 1048 patients (43.7%). Multivariable analysis revealed that perioperative radiation was independently associated with decreased mortality (HR 0.72, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.62–0.84,p<0.001), and preoperative RT was associated with reduced margin positivity (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53–0.97,p=0.032). Stratified survival analysis showed that radiation was associated with prolonged median OS for RPS that were high-grade (64.3 vs. 43.6 months,p<0.001), less than 15 cm (104.1 vs. 84.2 months,p=0.007), and leiomyosarcomatous (104.8 vs. 61.8 months,p<0.001). Perioperative radiation is independently associated with decreased mortality in patients with high-grade, less than 15 cm, and leiomyosarcomatous tumors. Preoperative radiation is independently associated with margin-negative resection. These data support the selective use of perioperative radiation in the multidisciplinary management of RPS.
Exploring the Mechanism of Danshen against Myelofibrosis by Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Li Jie , Ma Xiaoran , Liu Cun , Li Huayao , Zhuang Jing , Gao Chundi , Zhou Chao , Liu Lijuan , Wang Kejia , Sun Changgang
Published: December 2018

Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), a natural powerful drug for various conditions treatment, has traditionally been used in Asian countries for centuries as anticancer agent, anti‐inflammatory agent, and antioxidant. More recently, it is explored in combination with other herbs for skeletal diseases therapy; bone‐targeting compounds with pharmacological activities have been isolated from various sources of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including Danshen. In this case, some evidence supports that Danshen may treat myelofibrosis (MF) by exerting its antitumor effect. To study the specific mechanism of Danshen in the treatment of MF, we used bioinformatics databases to determine its active ingredients. Then, identification of target proteins related to MF was made using a network pharmacology analysis platform. In our results, 20 key active compounds and 457 key targets of Danshen were identified. In‐depth network analysis of the top diseases, functions, and pathways suggested that a common underlying mechanism linked Danshen involvement with MF. Finally, 5 potential targets were confirmed by the analysis; these 5 targets, as well as 20 previously identified compounds, were subjected to molecular docking experiments. The results indicated that cryptotanshinone of Danshen may affect MF by acting on the key genes in the JAK‐STAT signalling pathway and the TGF‐β signalling pathway.
Loss Mechanism of Static Interstage Components of Multistage Centrifugal Compressors for Integrated Blade Design
Authors: Ji Chunjun , Li Chunyang , Fang Junyi , Sun Qi
Published: December 2018

Although centrifugal compressors are widely used in construction, they consume a large amount of energy; in existing multistage centrifugal compressors, there is a serious pressure loss of ~15.13% when gas flows through the diffuser, bend, and return channel. In this study, we analyze the loss mechanisms of these stages in detail, using computational fluid dynamics. Based on this analysis, we present a new type of integrated blade, connecting the diffuser, bend, and return channels, which can eliminate the airflow stall phenomenon. Through effective control of the airflow spreading process, we minimized losses in the component, which improved its efficiency by 4.39% and increased the pressure ratio by 2.86% relative to a compressor without the newly-designed integrated blade. The concepts used in the creation of this component can provide a reference for the future design of blades for flow through parts of multistage compressors.
Determination of the Engineering Properties of Submarine Soil Layers in the Bohai Sea Using the Piezocone Penetration Test
Authors: Wu Bohong , Wang Guihe , Li Jiong , Wang Yu , Liu Baolin
Published: December 2018

Due to the complexity of marine geotechnical engineering, the harsh operating environments, loose subsea soils, and high water contents, it is extremely difficult to obtain soil samples while maintaining the in situ conditions in offshore areas. The engineering properties of submarine soil layers in the Bohai Sea, China, were investigated in this work. The Wison‐APB borehole wireline piezocone penetration test (CPTU) system was used to conduct direct measurements of the cone tip resistance, sleeve friction, and pore pressure. The soil classification and the related soil properties, such as the undrained shear strength, sensitivity and overconsolidation ratio, shear strength profile at the investigation depths, and the single pile foundation bearing capacity, were estimated. Laboratory tests were also conducted in this work. The CPT test results show that there were large differences between the results of the CPT tests (Su) and the laboratory experimental results, which may be due to the compact silt and hard clay interbeds in some layers. The soil classification was determined according to the previous literature. The laboratory test results of the undrained shear strength, clay sensitivity, and the OCR match the CPT test results best when the parameters Nkt, Ns, and k are 15, 6, and 0.3, respectively. The final determination of the ultimate pile capacity depends on the soil’s mechanical properties and the pile type and design. The effects of wave surge and wind loading should also be taken into account in offshore engineering.
Analysis of Efficacy and Prognostic Factors of CLAG Treatment in Chinese Patients with Refractory or Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Wang Li , Xu Jun , Tian Xiaolong , Lv Tingting , Yuan Guolin
Published: December 2018

Background/Aims: The aim of this work was to investigate the efficacy and predictive factors of CLAG treatment in refractory or relapsed (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Methods: Sixty-seven R/R AML patients were enrolled in this prospective cohort study and treated by a CLAG regimen: 5 mg/m2/day cladribine (days 1–5), 2 g/m2/day cytarabine (days 1–5), and 300 μg/day filgrastim (days 0–5). The median follow-up duration was 10 months. Results: A total of 57 out of 67 patients were evaluable for remission after CLAG therapy, of whom 57.9% achieved a complete remission (CR) and the overall remission rate was 77.2%. The median overall survival (OS) was 10.0 months, with a 1-year OS of 40.3 ± 6.0% and 3-year OS of 16.7 ± 5.7%. CR at first induction after the initial diagnosis was associated with a favorable CR. Age above 60 years, high risk stratification, second or higher salvage therapy, and bone marrow (BM) blasts ≥42.1% were correlated with an unfavorable CR. Secondary disease, age ≥60 years, high risk stratification, and second or higher salvage therapy were associated with worse OS. Patients developed thrombocytopenia (41, 61%), febrile neutropenia (37, 55%), leukopenia (33, 49%), neutropenia (18, 27%), and anemia (9, 13%). Conclusion: CLAG was effective and well tolerated for R/R AML. BM blasts ≥42.1%, age ≥60 years, high risk stratification, and second or higher salvage therapy were independent factors for a poor prognosis.
Disaster Management in a Nephrology Service: Lessons Learned from Hurricane Maria
Authors: Bonilla-Félix Melvin , Suárez-Rivera Marta
Published: December 2018

Background: Puerto Rico suffered a major humanitarian ­crisis after Hurricane Maria. We describe our experience with patients with renal disease in an academic medical center. Summary: A comprehensive emergency response plan should be developed, shared and discussed with the team and the patients prior to the hurricane. The needs of the staff should not be ignored to ensure their ability to participate as responders. Physical damage to facilities, lack of basic services, shortage of disposable products, and the inability to get to treatment centers are the most common threats. Preemptive dialysis can avoid serious complications. A contingency plan to move patients to another center should be prearranged in case the unit is rendered nonfunctional after the storm. Patients must receive preventive education about fluid and dietary restrictions and the possible use of potassium binding drugs if they cannot reach a dialysis unit. A list of alternative drugs that could be used if patients are not able to fill their medications is required. The Internet and social media proved to be an invaluable communication tool. A registry of patients with updated contact information, as well as contact information for relatives and a physical address where an emergency rescue team can be dispatched is essential. Water safety should be reinforced. Key Message: Our experience showed us that preparing for the worst is not enough. Advanced planning of a streamlined response is the best tactic to decrease harm.
Three-Tiered versus Two-Tiered Classification of Squamous Dysplasia in Cervical Cytology: Results of a Follow-Up Study
Authors: Marquardt Katrin , Ziemke Peter , Neumann Konrad
Published: December 2018

Objective: Regarding cytological findings of squamous dysplasia, a comparison was made between a three-tiered classification – low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade SIL/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (HSIL/CIN2), and HSIL/CIN3 – and a two-tiered classification – LSIL and HSIL. The respective risk for CIN2+ and CIN3+ was calculated to make decisions regarding management. Methods: A total of 2,949 women with first-time cytologic findings of squamous dysplasia (LSIL, HSIL/CIN2, or HSIL/CIN3) between January 2013 and June 2016 were enrolled. Subsequent cytological findings and histological diagnoses were evaluated until August 2018. For each category of findings, the risk for CIN2+ and CIN3+ was determined by Kaplan-Meier estimates. The differences in risk between the cytological categories were checked for significance using the log-rank test. Results: For the categories LSIL, HSIL/CIN2, and HSIL/CIN3, the risk for CIN2+ after 12, 24, and 60 months was 3.4, 9.4, and 23.3%; 35.2, 44.8, and 59.8%; and 95.5, 97.8, and 98.9%, respectively. For CIN3+ the risk was 2.0, 5.5, and 13.5%; 28.6, 35.6, and 48.3%; 91.3, 95.6, and 97.9%, respectively. The differences in risk between the categories are highly significant, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion: A three-tiered classification of squamous dysplasia such as the Munich Nomenclature III for cytology is suitable for risk-adapted clinical management, especially to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment.
Modified Intrathoracic Esophagogastrostomy with Minimally Invasive Robot-Assisted Ivor-Lewis Esophagectomy for Cancer
Authors: Wang Wen-Ping , Chen Long-Qi , Zhang Han-Lu , Yang Yu-Shang , He Song-Lin , Yuan Yong , Wang Yun
Published: December 2018

Background: Intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy plays an important role in minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for cancer. Intrathoracic anastomosis with robot-assisted Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy (RAILE) includes hand-sewn and circular stapler methods, which remain technically challenging. In this study, we modified the techniques for intrathoracic anastomosis at RAILE, in order to simplify the complex procedures. Methods: “Side-insertion” technique was used for anvil placement and purse string suture for intrathoracic anastomosis at RAILE. Medical records for consecutive patients who had undergone robot-assisted minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for cancer between January 2015 and June 2018 were analyzed. Results: A total of consecutive 31 patients were enrolled. There was no conversion to open thoracotomy in this cohort. Mean operation duration in the robotic group was 387.4 ± 68.2 min. Median estimated blood loss was 110 mL (range 50–400 mL). Two patients (6.5%) had postoperative anastomotic leak. No postoperative reoperation was needed and there were no mortality. Six patients (19.4%) had anastomotic stricture and 2 patients of them needed endoscopic dilation. Conclusion: RAILE is safe and feasible. Our modified procedure highlighting the “side-insertion” method may simplify the process of intrathoracic anvil placement and purse string suture for anastomosis at RAILE.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Molecular Biomarkers Associated with Early Neurological Deterioration Following Acute Stroke
Authors: Martin Alexander J. , Price Christopher I.
Published: December 2018

Background: Early neurological deterioration (END) following acute stroke is associated with poorer long-term outcomes. Identification of patients at risk could assist early monitoring and treatment decisions. This review summarised the evidence describing non-radiological biomarkers for END. Summary: Electronic searches from January 1990 to March 2017 identified studies reporting a blood/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/urine biomarker measurement within 24 h of acute stroke and at least 2 serial assessments of clinical neurological status (< 24 h and < 7 days). Out of 12,895 citations, 82 studies were included, mostly focusing on ischaemic stroke. Using higher neurological thresholds, the n-weighted END incidence for ischaemic stroke was 11.9% (95% CI 11.4–12.4%) and 18.6% (17.9–19.2%) for lower thresholds. Incidence decreased with advancing study publication year (Pearson r-squared 0.23 and 0.15 for higher and lower threshold studies). After classification into 3 broad categories, meta-analysis showed that biomarkers associated with increased END risk (n; fixed-effects mean difference; 95% CI) were “metabolic” (glucose [n = 9,481; 0.90 mmol/L; 0.74–1.06], glycosylated haemoglobin [n = 3,146; 0.33%; 0.19–0.46], low-density lipoprotein [n = 4,839; 0.13 mmol/L; 0.06–0.21], total cholesterol [n = 4,762; 0.21 mmol/L; 0.11–0.31], triglycerides [n = 4,820; 0.11 mmol/L; 0.06–0.17], urea [n = 1,351; 0.55 mmol/L; 0.14–0.96], decreasing albumin [n = 513; 0.33 g/dL; 0.05–0.61]); “inflammatory and excitotoxic” (plasma glutamate [n = 688; 60.13 µmol/L; 50.04–70.22], CSF glutamate [n = 369; 7.50 µmol/L; 6.76–8.23], homocysteine [n = 824; 2.15 µmol/L; 0.68–3.61], leucocytes [n = 3,766; 0.54 × 109/L; 0.34–0.74], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [n = 1,707; 3.79 mg/L; 1.23–6.35]); and “coagulation/haematological” (fibrinogen [n = 3,132; 0.32 g/L; 0.25–0.40]; decreasing haemoglobin [n = 3,586; 2.38 g/L; 0.15–4.60]). Key Messages: Declining incidence of END may represent improving care standards; however, it remains a frequent occurrence. Although statistical associations exist between biomarkers and an increased risk of END, the most promising still need prospective evaluation to determine their additional value relative to baseline radiological and clinical characteristics.