bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmaceutical metabolites in the environment: Analytical challenges and ecological risks
Authors: Celiz Mary D. , Tso Jerry , Aga Diana S.
Published: August 2009

The occurrence of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals in the environment has been a subject of concern for the past decade because many of these emerging contaminants have been shown to persist in soil and water. Although recent studies indicate that pharmaceutical contaminants can pose long-term ecological risks, many of the investigations regarding risk assessment have only considered the ecotoxicity of the parent drug, with very little attention given to the potential contributions that metabolites may have. The scarcity of available environmental data on the human metabolites excreted into the environment or the microbial metabolites formed during environmental biodegradation of pharmaceutical residues can be attributed to the difficulty in analyzing trace amounts of previously unknown compounds in complex sample matrices. However, with the advent of highly sensitive and powerful analytical instrumentations that have become available commercially, it is likely that an increased number of pharmaceutical metabolites will be identified and included in environmental risk assessment. The present study will present a critical review of available literature on pharmaceutical metabolites, primarily focusing on their analysis and toxicological significance. It is also intended to provide an overview on the recent advances in analytical tools and strategies to facilitate metabolite identification in environmental samples. This review aims to provide insight on what future directions might be taken to help scientists in this challenging task of enhancing the available data on the fate, behavior, and ecotoxicity of pharmaceutical metabolites in the environment.
On the Lense-Thirring test with the Mars Global Surveyor in the gravitational field of Mars
Authors: Iorio Lorenzo
Published: August 2009

I discuss some aspects of a recent frame-dragging test performed by exploiting the Root-Mean-Square (RMS) orbit-overlap differences of the out-of-plane component (N) of the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft’s orbit in the gravitational field of Mars. A linear fit to the complete time series for the entire MGS data set (4 February 1999–14 January 2005) yields a normalized slope 1.03 ± 0.41 (with 95% confidence bounds). Other linear fits to different data sets confirm agreement with general relativity. Huge systematic effects induced by mismodeling the martian gravitational field which have been claimed by some authors are absent in the MGS out-of-plane record. The same level of effect is seen for both the classical non-gravitational and relativistic gravitomagnetic forces on the in-plane MGS orbital components; this is not the case for the out-of-plane components. Moreover, the non-conservative forces experience high-frequency variations which are not important in the present case where secular effects are relevant.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Uncatalysed Substitution of Cyanide in Hexacyanoferrate(Ii) by Isoniazid
Authors: Naik Radhey Mohan , Tiwari Raj Kishore , Singh Yadav Shiv Bali , Singh Pradeep Kumar , Agarawal Abhinav
Published: August 2009

The kinetics and mechanism of the uncatalysed ligand substitution reaction between potassium ferrocyanide, K4[Fe(CN)6] and isoniazid (INH) in aqueous medium has been investigated spectrophotometrically at 435 nm, i.e. the Λmax of the golden yellow complex, [Fe(CN)5(INH)]3-, as a function of [Fe(CN)64-] and [INH] under the conditions: pH = 3.5 ± 0.02, temperature = 30 ± 0.1°C and ionic strength, I = 0.05 mol/l (KNO3). The reaction is first order each in [Fe(CN)64-] and isoniazid (INH) at low [INH]. The initial rate of reaction is determined from the slopes of absorbance versus time plots. As [INH] increases, the rate of reaction increases, passes through a maximum and then falls, suggesting that the course of the reaction is different at low and high [INH]. A tentative mechanism has been proposed, which is further supported by the results of studies, such as variation in [Fe(CN)64-], effect of temperature and pH of the reaction medium. The composition of the complex formed in the present reaction has been established to be 1:1 by the mole ratio and slope ratio methods. A repetitive spectral scan is also provided in support of the exchange of coordinated cyanide ions by isoniazid in hexacyanoferrate(II).
Kinetic Study on P-Nitrophenyl Picolinate Hydrolysis Promoted by the Complex Bis(O,O'-Di(2-Benzyl)Dithiophosphato)Nickel(Ii)
Authors: Xie Jiaqing , Xie Bin , Feng Fa-Mei , Zou Li-Ke , Feng Jian-Shen
Published: August 2009

The complex Ni[S2P(OCH2Ph)2]2 (MR) was synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl picolinate (PNPP) as promoted by this complex was investigated by the UV-vis method, the results showing that MR acts as a very efficient catalyst. The specific absorption spectra of the hydrolytic reaction systems indicated that the key intermediate, made up of PNPP and MR was formed during reaction. Based on these spectra, a mechanism for the catalytic hydrolysis of PNPP has been proposed and a kinetic mathematical model established.
Thompson, W.A. et al. Decimative Multiplication of Entropy Arrays, with Application to Influenza. Entropy, 2009, 11, 351-359
Authors: Thompson William  A. , Martwick Andy , Weltman Joel  K.
Published: August 2009

The sentence sixth line from the end of paragraph two on page 355, “The second synonymous mutation was another G=>A transition at position 600 that converted the CAG codon to CAA, without change of encoded amino acid.”
Entropic Forces in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Holloway Greg
Published: August 2009

Theories and numerical models of atmospheres and oceans are based on classical mechanics with added parameterizations to represent subgrid variability. Reformulated in terms of derivatives of information entropy with respect to large scale configurations, we find systematic forces very different from those usually assumed. Two examples are given. We see that entropic forcing by ocean eddies systematically drives, rather than retards, large scale circulation. Additionally we find that small scale turbulence systematically drives up gradient (“un-mixing”) fluxes. Such results confront usual understanding and modeling practice.
A Fifteen Year Record of Global Natural Gas Flaring Derived from Satellite Data
Authors: Elvidge Christopher  D. , Ziskin Daniel , Baugh Kimberly  E. , Tuttle Benjamin  T. , Ghosh Tilottama , Pack Dee  W. , Erwin Edward  H. , Zhizhin Mikhail
Published: August 2009

We have produced annual estimates of national and global gas flaring and gas flaring efficiency from 1994 through 2008 using low light imaging data acquired by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). Gas flaring is a widely used practice for the disposal of associated gas in oil production and processing facilities where there is insufficient infrastructure for utilization of the gas (primarily methane). Improved utilization of the gas is key to reducing global carbon emissions to the atmosphere. The DMSP estimates of flared gas volume are based on a calibration developed with a pooled set of reported national gas flaring volumes and data from individual flares. Flaring efficiency was calculated as the volume of flared gas per barrel of crude oil produced. Global gas flaring has remained largely stable over the past fifteen years, in the range of 140 to 170 billion cubic meters (BCM). Global flaring efficiency was in the seven to eight cubic meters per barrel from 1994 to 2005 and declined to 5.6 m3 per barrel by 2008. The 2008 gas flaring estimate of 139 BCM represents 21% of the natural gas consumption of the USA with a potential retail market value of $68 billion. The 2008 flaring added more than 278 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) into the atmosphere. The DMSP estimated gas flaring volumes indicate that global gas flaring has declined by 19% since 2005, led by gas flaring reductions in Russia and Nigeria, the two countries with the highest gas flaring levels. The flaring efficiency of both Russia and Nigeria improved from 2005 to 2008, suggesting that the reductions in gas flaring are likely the result of either improved utilization of the gas, reinjection, or direct venting of gas into the atmosphere, although the effect of uncertainties in the satellite data cannot be ruled out. It is anticipated that the capability to estimate gas flaring volumes based on satellite data will spur improved utilization of gas that was simply burnt as waste in previous years.
Energy Policy in Taiwan: Historical Developments, Current Status and Potential Improvements
Authors: Huang Yun-Hsun , Wu Jung-Hua
Published: August 2009

Recognizing the importance of energy as a vital component in economic development, the Taiwanese government has been continuously revising its energy policy, seeking to balance economic development, energy supply, and environmental protection (3E). Some measures, in an attempt to achieve the 3E balance, were previously implemented in Taiwan; nevertheless, some unresolved issues departing from certain core principles of Taiwan’s sustainable energy policy and an international initiative for a low carbon society remain. The aim of this paper is to examine the energy supply and demand structure of Taiwan and the present status of individual energy carriers (including coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity). In addition, it investigates the current energy policy framework and its implementation in Taiwan, identifies unresolved issues regarding sustainable energy development, and formulates key policy solutions for certain identifiable problems to enable the achievement of a liberalized, orderly, efficient, and clean energy supply and demand system.
Synthesis of a 2-Furylpyrazoline Derivative Using Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Jothikrishnan Balapragalathan , Shafi Suban
Published: August 2009

A simple method for the synthesis of pyrazoline derivative containing furan moiety was developed. Thus, 5-(6-bromo-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-furyl)-1-(3-methyl-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole was synthesized using microwave irradiation and it was characterized by NMR, IR, and LCMS.
Eco-Challenges of Bio-Based Polymer Composites
Authors: Avella Maurizio , Buzarovska Aleksandra , Errico Maria  Emanuela , Gentile Gennaro , Grozdanov Anita
Published: August 2009

In recent years bio-based polymer composites have been the subject of many scientific and research projects, as well as many commercial programs. Growing global environmental and social concern, the high rate of depletion of petroleum resources and new environmental regulations have forced the search for new composites and green materials, compatible with the environment. The aim of this article is to present a brief review of the most suitable and commonly used biodegradable polymer matrices and NF reinforcements in eco-composites and nanocomposites, with special focus on PLA based materials.
Cross-Cyclotrimerization with Two Nitriles as a Synthetic Pathway to Unsymmetrically 3,3’-Disubstituted bis(Tetrahydroisoquinolines)
Authors: Kadlčíková Aneta , Kotora Martin
Published: August 2009

Microwave assisted CpCo(CO)2 catalyzed cross-cyclotrimerizations of 1,7,9,15-hexadecatetrayne with two different nitriles to give unsymmetrically substituted bis(tetrahydroisoquinolines) was studied. The reaction proceeded with a range of alkyl and aryl nitriles with reasonable isolated yields.
Screening for γ-Nonalactone in the Headspace of Freshly Cooked Non-Scented Rice Using SPME/GC-O and SPME/GC-MS
Authors: Zeng Zhi , Zhang Han , Zhang Tao , Tamogami Shigeru , Chen Jie  Yu
Published: August 2009

The determination of γ-nonalactone as one of the important odor-active compounds in freshly cooked non-scented rice is reported. It was evaluated by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) analysis and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis in the headspace above the freshly cooked non-scented rice samples extracted by using a modified headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method. This component had a mass spectrum with a characteristic ion peak at m/z 85 (100%) and a linear retention index (RI) of 2,023 on a DB Wax column, consistent with those of an authentic sample of γ-nonalactone. The odor characterization of a strong, sweet, coconut-like aroma of this compound was also validated by GC-O comparison with the authentic compound.
Catalytic Epoxidation of a Technical Mixture of Methyl Oleate and Methyl Linoleate in Ionic Liquids Using MoO(O2)2•2QOH (QOH = 8-quinilinol) as Catalyst and NaHCO3 as co-Catalyst
Authors: Cai Shuang-Fei , Wang Li-Sheng , Fan Chuan-Lei
Published: August 2009

The oxo-diperoxo molybdenum(VI) complex MoO(O2)2•2QOH (QOH = 8-quinilinol) was prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV-Vis spectra. The ionic liquids (ILs) [bmim][BF4], [hydemim][BF4], and [bmim][PF6] were characterized by 1H-NMR and UV-Vis spectra. The epoxidation of a technical mixture of methyl oleate and methyl linoleate with H2O2, in [bmim][BF4], [hydemim][BF4] and [bmim][PF6], catalyzed by MoO(O2)2•2QOH (QOH = 8-quinilinol) and with NaHCO3 as co-catalyst has been studied for the first time. It was found that high conversions of methyl oleate and methyl linoleate to their respective oxidation products, as well as the total selectivity of their oxidation products to oxirane in [hydemim][BF4] were obtained. Also, the IL phases containing the Mo(VI) catalyst can be readily recycled by washing with diethyl ether and drying, and the Mo(VI) catalyst can be reused at least five times.
Antioxidant Activity of Some Plant Extracts Towards Xanthine Oxidase, Lipoxygenase and Tyrosinase
Authors: Chen Chin-Hui , Chan Hsiu-Chen , Chu Yi-Tsu , Ho Hsin-Yi , Chen Pi-Yu , Lee Tzong-Huei , Lee Ching-Kuo
Published: August 2009

Natural products have the potential to be developed into new drugs for the treatment of various diseases. The aim of the present study was to screen the antioxidant activities of some common edible fruits, garden plants and medicinal plants indigenous to Taiwan. This was performed by assessing the activities of lipoxygenase, xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase following incubation with extracts from these plants. A further aim was to use HPLC-DAD and tyrosinase to chromatographically identify the antioxidative constituents obtained from an extract exhibiting strong antioxidative properties. The acetone extracts of 27 cultivated plant species from Taiwan were tested for antioxidant activities towards xanthine oxidase, tyrosinase and lipoxygenase using spectrophotometric assays. Koelreuteria henryi, Prunus campanulata, and Rhodiola rosea showed the highest xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities. Camellia sinensis, Rhodiola rosea, and Koelreuteria henryi exhibited good tyrosinase inhibitory activities and potent anti-lipoxygenase activities. As Koelreuteria henryi had notable significant inhibitory activities towards xanthine oxidase, tyrosinase, and lipoxygenase, it was further tested with tyrosinase and HPLC-DAD. The results from this part of the study revealed that the more powerful the antioxidant capability of the extracted component, the greater the decrease in peak height obtained after reacting with tyrosinase. Additional studies are warranted to further characterize the compounds responsible for the antioxidant properties of the examined extracts.
Chemical and Biological Characterization of Oleanane Triterpenoids from Soy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Popovich David G.
Published: August 2009

Soyasaponins are a group of complex and structural diverse oleanane triterpenoids found in soy (Glycine max) and other legumes. They are primarily classified into two main groups − group A and B − based on the attachment of sugar moieties at positions C-3 and C-22 of the ring structures. Group A soyasaponins are bidesmosidic, while group B soyasaponins are monodesmosidic. Group B soyasaponins are further classified into two subcategories known as 2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6 -methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) and non-DDMP conjugated molecules. The preparation and purification of soyasaponin molecules is complicated by the presence of bioactive soy isoflavones, which often overlap with soyasaponin in polarity and must removed from extracts before biological assessment. Soyasaponin extracts, aglycones of group A and B and individual group B soyasaponins such as soyasaponin I have been reported to posses specific bioactive properties, such as in vitro anti-cancer properties by modulating the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. The isolation, chemical characterization and detection strategies by HPLC and HPLC-MS are reviewed, along with the reported bioactive effects of soyasaponin extracts and individual molecules in cultured cancer cell experiments.
Gas Sensor Based on Photonic Crystal Fibres in the 2ν3 and ν2 + 2ν3 Vibrational Bands of Methane
Authors: Cubillas Ana M. , Lazaro Jose M. , Conde Olga M. , Petrovich Marco N. , Lopez-Higuera Jose M.
Published: August 2009

In this work, methane detection is performed on the 2ν3 and ν2 + 2ν3 absorption bands in the Near-Infrared (NIR) wavelength region using an all-fibre optical sensor. Hollowcore photonic bandgap fibres (HC-PBFs) are employed as gas cells due to their compactness, good integrability in optical systems and feasibility of long interaction lengths with gases. Sensing in the 2ν3 band of methane is demonstrated to achieve a detection limit one order of magnitude better than that of the ν2 + 2ν3 band. Finally, the filling time of a HC-PBF is demonstrated to be dependent on the fibre length and geometry.
Electron Trapping in Higher Adduct Fullerene‐Based Solar Cells
Authors: Lenes Martijn , Shelton Steve W. , Sieval Alex B. , Kronholm David F. , Hummelen Jan C. (Kees) , Blom Paul W. M.
Published: August 2009

Here, the performance of bulk‐heterojunction solar cells based on a series of bisadduct analogues of commonly used derivatives of C60 and C70, such PCBMs and their thienyl versions, is investigated. Due to their higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital an increase in open‐circuit voltage and thus performance is expected. It is shown that the occurrence of a multitude of different isomers results in a decrease in the electron transport for some of the materials. Surprisingly, the solar‐cell characteristics are very similar for all materials. This apparent discrepancy is explained by a significant amount of shallow trapping occurring in the fullerene phase that does not hamper the solar cell performance due the filling of these shallow traps during illumination. Furthermore, the trisadduct analogue of [60]PCBM has been investigated, which, despite an even further increase in open‐circuit voltage, results in a significantly reduced device performance due to a strong deterioration of the electron mobility in the fullerene phase.
The Coming of Advanced Materials: A Personal View of the Contributions by Cambridge Scientists
Authors: Thomas John Meurig
Published: August 2009

The highly significant contributions both directly and indirectly made to the study of condensed matter in general and to advanced materials in particular by a succession of Cambridge scientists over the early years of the past half century are adumbrated in the light of the conjunction of the 21st anniversary of the founding of this journal and the 800th anniversary of the University of Cambridge. So also are the reasons for the burgeoning growth in the last few decades of the preparation, characterization, and use of various kinds of advanced materials. A summary is also given of the author's own work in solid‐state and materials science, including a brief appraisal of recent strategies for the design of advanced catalysts for the production (under environmentally benign conditions) of a number of industrially important chemicals ranging from vitamins to commodities, such as adipic acid and terephthalic acid, and building blocks, such as styrene oxide, that are utilized in the manufacture of cosmetics and perfumes.
Enhanced nanofluidization by alternating electric fields
Authors: Lepek Daniel , Valverde Jose Manuel , Pfeffer Robert , Dave Rajesh N.
Published: August 2009

We show experimental results on a proposed technique to enhance the fluidization of nanoparticle beds. This technique consists of the application of an alternating electric field to the nanofluidized bed. Three different field configurations have been tested: co‐flow field, cross‐flow field, and variable field configurations. Nanoparticle agglomerates are naturally charged by contact and tribo charging mechanisms and therefore are agitated by the action of the externally applied field, which enhance fluidization. According to our observations, the best results are obtained for the variable field configuration. In this configuration, the electric field strength is higher at the bottom of the bed, whereas it is almost negligible at the free surface. Thus, the larger agglomerates, which tend to sink at the bottom of the bed due to stratification, and usually impede uniform fluidization, are strongly agitated. It is thought that the strong agitation of the bigger agglomerates that usually sink to the bottom of the bed contributes to further homogenize the distribution of the gas flow within the bed by destabilizing the development of gas channels close to the gas distributor. On the other hand, the smaller agglomerates at the vicinity of the free surface are just weakly excited. Consequently, fluidization is greatly enhanced, whereas at the same time excessive elutriation is avoided. It is demonstrated that this technique is even suitable to achieve highly expanded fluidization of unsieved nanopowder samples even though the fluidization state returns to be heterogeneous upon the electric field being turned off. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Opale: Status und Perspektiven
Authors: Marlow Frank , Muldarisnur  , Sharifi Parvin , Brinkmann Rainer , Mendive Cecilia
Published: August 2009

Die Schönheit von Opalen beruht auf einer dichten, hochgeordneten Packung von SiO2‐Kugeln mit einem Durchmesser von einigen hundert Nanometern. Solche geordneten Nanostrukturen sind typische Beispiele für so genannte photonische Kristalle, die sowohl durch die bekannten Mikrostrukturierungsmethoden als auch durch Selbstorganisation hergestellt werden können. Opale stehen für den Selbstorganisationszugang zu diesen strukturierten Medien, die zu neuen Materialien in der Photonik, Photokatalyse und anderen Gebieten führen können. Die Selbstorganisation hat viele Arten von Defekten zur Folge, die zu den überraschenden und sehr individuellen Erscheinungsformen natürlicher Opale führen, aber auch Schwierigkeiten bei der technischen Anwendung von Opalsystemen verursachen.
Opals: Status and Prospects
Authors: Marlow Frank , Muldarisnur  , Sharifi Parvin , Brinkmann Rainer , Mendive Cecilia
Published: August 2009

The beauty of opals results from a densely packed, highly ordered arrangement of silica spheres with a diameter of several hundred nanometers. Such ordered nanostructures are typical examples of materials called photonic crystals, which can be formed by known microstructuring methods and by self‐assembly. Opals represent a self‐assembly approach to these structured media; such an approach can lead to novel materials for photonics, photocatalysis, and other areas. Although self‐assembly leads to many types of defects, resulting in the surprising and very individual appearance of natural opals, it causes also difficulties in technological applications of opal systems.
Pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulation affects BMD and local factor production of rats with disuse osteoporosis
Authors: Shen Wei‐Wei , Zhao Jian‐Hua
Published: August 2009

Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) have been used widely to treat nonunion fractures and related problems in bone healing, as a biological and physical method. With the use of Helmholtz coils and PEMF stimulators to generate uniform time‐varying electromagnetic fields, the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on bone mineral density (BMD) and local factor production in disuse osteoporosis (DOP) rats were investigated. Eighty 4‐month‐old female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into intact (INT) group, DOP group, calcitonin‐treated (CT) group, and PEMF stimulation group. The right hindlimbs of all the rats were immobilized by tibia‐tail fixation except for those rats in the INT group. Rats in the CT group were injected with calcitonin (2 IU/kg, i.p., once a day) and rats in the PEMF group were irradiated with PEMF immediately postoperative. The BMD, serum transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) concentration of the proximal femur were measured 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after treatment. Compared with the CT and DOP groups, the BMD and serum TGF‐β1 concentration in the PEMF group increased significantly after 8 weeks. The IL‐6 concentration in the DOP group was elevated significantly after operation. The PEMF group showed significantly lower IL‐6 level than the DOP group. The results found demonstrate that PEMF stimulation can efficiently suppress bone mass loss. We, therefore, conclude that PEMF may affect bone remodeling process through promoting TGF‐β1 secretion and inhibiting IL‐6 expression. Bioelectromagnetics 31:113–119, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
‘Real Italians and wogs’: The discursive construction of Italian identity among first generation Italian immigrants in Western Australia
Authors: Sala Emanuela , Dandy Justine , Rapley Mark
Published: August 2009

We explore the discursive construction of Italian identity among a bilingual sample of Italian‐born Western Australians. Focus groups were held with two groups: Italians who had migrated to Australia as children and a group who had migrated as adults. We found intra‐ and inter‐individual differences in identity construction, with much discourse devoted to demonstrating Italian authenticity and negotiating ethnic category boundaries. Shared markers of authenticity included language, heritage and food. The groups varied in their selection of referent groups to make authenticity claims, with the child migrants drawing upon the shared Australian stereotype of ‘wogs’ to construct and authenticate their Italian‐ness. In contrast, adult migrants constructed Italian identity through comparisons with the dominant Australian ethnic group and in relation to a broader ‘migrant’ identity. The findings highlight the fluid and complex nature of ethnic identity and the need for further exploration of how it is constructed in talk. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Engineering Model of a Disc Pump Stage for Heavy Oil
Authors: Eskin D.
Published: August 2009

An engineering model of a laminar flow in a disc pump stage of simple design is developed and an approximate analytical solution for a flow in the disc rotor obtained. A rough analytical model for the vaneless diffuser is also found. The performance of a disc stage as it depends on the fluid viscosity, the flow rate, and a channel number is analyzed.
Monitoring cascade processes using VSI EWMA control charts
Authors: Yang Su‐Fen , Yu Yi‐Ning
Published: August 2009

The paper considers the variables process control scheme for cascade process. We construct variable sampling interval (VSI) EWMA and EWMA control charts to effectively monitor the input variable and the output variable produced by a cascade process. Numerical analysis results demonstrate that the performance of the VSI control charts is much better than the fixed sampling interval (FSI) control charts in detecting small and median shifts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthetic, Mechanistic, and Theoretical Studies on the Generation of Iridium Hydride Alkylidene and Iridium Hydride Alkene Isomers
Authors: Lara Patricia , Paneque Margarita , Poveda Manuel L. , Santos Laura L. , Valpuesta José E. V. , Salazar Verónica , Carmona Ernesto , Moncho Salvador , Ujaque Gregori , Lledós Agustí , Maya Celia , Mereiter Kurt
Published: August 2009

Experimental and theoretical studies on equilibria between iridium hydride alkylidene structures, [(TpMe2)Ir(H){C(CH2R)ArO}] (TpMe2=hydrotris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)borate; R=H, Me; Ar=substituted C6H4 group), and their corresponding hydride olefin isomers, [(TpMe2)Ir(H){R(H)CC(H)OAr}], have been carried out. Compounds of these types are obtained either by reaction of the unsaturated fragment [(TpMe2)Ir(C6H5)2] with o‐C6H4(OH)CH2R, or with the substituted anisoles 2,6‐Me2C6H3OMe, 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2OMe, and 4‐Br‐2,6‐Me2C6H2OMe. The reactions with the substituted anisoles require not only multiple CH bond activation but also cleavage of the MeOAr bond and the reversible formation of a CC bond (as revealed by 13C labeling studies). Equilibria between the two tautomeric structures of these complexes were achieved by prolonged heating at temperatures between 100 and 140 °C, with interconversion of isomeric complexes requiring inversion of the metal configuration, as well as the expected migratory insertion and hydrogen‐elimination reactions. This proposal is supported by a detailed computational exploration of the mechanism at the quantum mechanics (QM) level in the real system. For all compounds investigated, the equilibria favor the alkylidene structure over the olefinic isomer by a factor of between approximately 1 and 25. Calculations demonstrate that the main reason for this preference is the strong Ir–carbene interactions in the carbene isomers, rather than steric destabilization of the olefinic tautomers.
Cyclopentadienyl Ruthenium–Nickel Catalysts for Biomimetic Hydrogen Evolution: Electrocatalytic Properties and Mechanistic DFT Studies
Authors: Canaguier Sigolène , Vaccaro Loredana , Artero Vincent , Ostermann Rainer , Pécaut Jacques , Field Martin J. , Fontecave Marc
Published: August 2009

The new dinuclear nickel–ruthenium complexes [Ni(xbsms)RuCp(L)][PF6] (H2xbsms=1,2‐bis(4‐mercapto‐3,3‐dimethyl‐2‐thiabutyl)benzene; Cp−=cyclopentadienyl; L=DMSO, CO, PPh3, and PCy3) are reported and are bioinspired mimics of NiFe hydrogenases. These compounds were characterized by X‐ray diffraction techniques and display novel structural motifs. Interestingly, [Ni(xbsms)RuCpCO][PF6] is stereochemically nonrigid in solution and an isomerization mechanism was derived with the help of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Because of an increased electron density on the metal centers [Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2007, 18, 2613–2626] with respect to the previously described [Ni(xbsms)Ru(CO)2Cl2] and [Ni(xbsms)Ru(p‐cymene)Cl]+ complexes, [Ni(xbsms)RuCp(dmso)][PF6] catalyzes hydrogen evolution from Et3NH+ in DMF with an overpotential reduced by 180 mV and thus represents the most efficient NiFe hydrogenase functional mimic. DFT calculations were carried out with several methods to investigate the catalytic cycle and, coupled with electrochemical measurements, allowed a mechanism to be proposed. A terminal or bridging hydride derivative was identified as the active intermediate, with the structure of the bridging form similar to that of the NiC active state of NiFe hydrogenases.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Transition and Thermal Decomposition of Silver Isocyanate (AgNCO).
Authors: Schmidt Carsten L. , Dinnebier Robert E. , Jansen Martin
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermediates in the Autoxidation of Nitrogen Monoxide.
Authors: Galliker Benedikt , Kissner Reinhard , Nauser Thomas , Koppenol Willem H.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Growth, Structure and Spectroscopic Characterization of a New Laser Crystals Nd3+:Li3Ba2Gd3 (WO4)8.
Authors: Li Hao , Zhang Lizhen , Wang Guofu
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Short‐Range Structure, and Electrochemical Properties of New Phases in the Li—Mn—N—O System.
Authors: Cabana Jordi , Dupre Nicolas , Gillot Frederic , Chadwick Alan V. , Grey Clare P. , Palacin M. Rosa
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the First Two‐Dimensional Inorganic/Organic Composite Solid of Iron(III) Molybdate.
Authors: Zhao Junwei , Liu Jiangping , Wang Jingping , Niu Jingyang
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of New Silver Ion Conductors Ag7Fe3(X2O7)4 (X: P, As).
Authors: Quarez Eric , Mentre Olivier , Oumellal Yassine , Masquelier Christian
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Properties of α‐AgFe2(MoO4)3.
Authors: Balsanova L. , Mikhailova D. , Senyshyn A. , Trots D. , Fuess H. , Lottermoser W. , Ehrenberg H.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Structures of Isoindolone‐ or Pyrimidone‐Condensed Heterocycles Containing a Hydroxy Group on a Cyclohexane or Norbornane Moiety.
Authors: Miklos Ferenc , Sohar Pal , Csampai Antal , Sillanpaeae Reijo , Stajer Geza
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Opening of Cyclic Anhydrides Using Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Jiang Dong , Wang Yuan Yuan , Xu Yan Nan , Dai Li Yi
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Amphiphilic Organocatalyst for Schotten—Baumann‐Type Toslyation of Alcohols under Organic Solvent Free Condition.
Authors: Asano Keisuke , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective N‐Nitrosation of Secondary Amines under Heterogeneous and Mild Conditions via in situ Generation of HNO2.
Authors: Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Goudarziafshar Hamid , Rezaee Somaieh , Mortazavi Saiedeh Shima
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Aerobic Oxidative Cyanation of Tertiary Amines with Sodium Cyanide Using Vanadium Based Systems as Catalysts.
Authors: Singhal Sweety , Jain Suman L. , Sain Bir
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Tin—Tungsten Mixed Oxide as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for C—C Bond‐Forming Reactions.
Authors: Ogasawara Yoshiyuki , Uchida Sayaka , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Kaiser Oxime Resin Derived Palladacycle: A Recoverable Polymeric Precatalyst in Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Alacid Emilio , Najera Carmen
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Formation of Stereocontrolled Trisubstituted Alkenes from Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Gendrineau Thomas , Demoulin Nicolas , Navarre Laure , Genet Jean‐Pierre , Darses Sylvain
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid (IL) as an Effective Medium for the Highly Efficient Hydroacylation Reaction of Aldehydes with Azodicarboxylates.
Authors: Ni Bukuo , Zhang Qianying , Garre Satish , Headley Allan D.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings of 1,3‐Butadien‐2‐yl Species with Organoindiums Generated from Allenylmethyl Bromide and Indium.
Authors: Kim Sundae , Seomoon Dong , Lee Phil Ho
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hexabromoacetone as Tribromoacetylating Agent of Alcohols and Amines and as Mediator in the Conversion of Carboxylic Acids into Amides in the Presence of Triphenylphosphine.
Authors: Menezes Fabricio G. , Kolling Rosane , Bortoluzzi Adailton J. , Gallardo Hugo , Zucco Cesar
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One Carbon Homologation of Halides to Benzyl Ethers.
Authors: Taber Douglass F. , Paquette Craig M. , Reddy P. Ganapati
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Nitroalkanes to Vinyl Sulfone: An Organocatalytic Access to Chiral Amines.
Authors: Zhu Qiang , Lu Yixin
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed, Regio‐ and Stereoselective Hydroalkynylation of Methylenecyclopropanes with Retention of the Cyclopropane Ring, Leading to the Synthesis of 1‐Methyl‐1‐alkynylcyclopropanes.
Authors: Shirakura Masamichi , Suginome Michinori
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselectivity Control of the Radical Carboazidation of Substituted Methylenecyclohexanes.
Authors: Cren Sylvaine , Schaer Pascal , Renaud Philippe , Schenk Kurt
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Construction of All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters by an Organocatalytic Diels—Alder Reaction of α‐Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Kano Taichi , Tanaka Youhei , Osawa Kenta , Yurino Taiga , Maruoka Keiji
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Donor—Acceptor Chromophores by Formal [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Donor‐Substituted Alkynes to Dicyanovinyl Derivatives.
Authors: Jarowski Peter D. , Wu Yi‐Lin , Boudon Corinne , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Gross Maurice , Schweizer W. Bernd , Diederich Francois
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Bromoketones from Olefins Using Bromide/Bromate Couple as a Nonhazardous Brominating Agent.
Authors: Patil Rajendra D. , Joshi Girdhar , Adimurthy Subbarayappa , Ranu Brindaban C.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Cyanamide from Amine Promoted by a Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagent.
Authors: Ghosh Harisadhan , Yella Ramesh , Ali Abdur Rezzak , Sahoo Santosh K. , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Amination Using Aqueous Ammonia for the Synthesis of Primary Amines.
Authors: Nagano Takashi , Kobayashi Shu
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of New Oxazoline‐Containing Bifunctional Catalysts and Their Application in the Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes.
Authors: Coeffard Vincent , Mueller‐Bunz Helge , Guiry Patrick J.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation Catalyzed by a Novel Planar Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbene—Rhodium(I) Complex.
Authors: Jiang Ru , Sun Xiaoli , He Wei , Chen Hui , Kuang Yongqing
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Ir(I)‐Catalyzed sp3 C—H Bond Alkenylation of Amides with Alkynes.
Authors: Tsuchikama Kyoji , Kasagawa Mitsugu , Endo Kohei , Shibata Takanori
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nano Indium Oxide as a Recyclable Catalyst for C—S Cross‐Coupling of Thiols with Aryl Halides under Ligand Free Conditions.
Authors: Reddy Vutukuri Prakash , Kumar Akkilagunta Vijay , Swapna Kokkirala , Rao Kakulapati Rama
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity of New N‐Heterocyclic Bis(carbene)ruthenium Complexes.
Authors: Oezdemir Ismail , Demir Serpil , Guerbuez Nevin , Cetinkaya Bekir , Toupet Loic , Bruneau Christian , Dixneuf Pierre H.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.