bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Het Grieks gedomesticeerd
Authors: Van Rooy Ref
Published: June 2021

The sixteenth-century Hellenist Adolf van Meetkercke (1528-1591) was a talented humanist and diplomat, who divided his time between philology and politics, excelling in both professions. Meetkercke’s first scholarly work was his Commentary on the ancient and correct pronunciation of the Greek language (De veteri et recta pronuntiatione linguæ Græcæ commentarius), published in 1565 by Goltzius in Bruges and reedited in 1576 by Plantin in Antwerp. In this work, the scholar from Bruges defended the reconstructed pronunciation today closely associated with Erasmus. After offering a biographical sketch of Meetkercke and briefly recapitulating the pronunciation debate, I discuss his innovative treatise, which was the first freestanding systematic outline of the reconstructed pronunciation. I argue that the Commentary was tremendously influential and had an impact beyond the subject of pronunciation. In particular, I intend to illustrate that Meetkercke elaborated a linguistic ideology which advocated the active usage of the Ancient Greek language as a learned lingua franca next to Latin, and which involved appropriating this classical language from the Byzantine teachers who had brought it to western Europe in a ‘corrupt’ state. In the conclusion, I dwell on Meetkercke’s importance for language studies and briefly relate his rather aggressive domestication of Ancient Greek to the position of this language in the present-day Low Countries.
Onopvallend turen naar de Russen
Authors: VAN LOCHEM-VAN DER WEL SANDRA , VAN LOCHEM HENK
Published: June 2021

Secretly watching the Russians. Cold War aircraft observation posts on existing buildings

During the 1950s a network of aircraft observation post was built in The Netherlands, as a detection/observation system against low-flying hostile aircraft during the Cold War. Preferably, these were placed on highrise buildings. 134 of these 276 observation posts were built on existing buildings, on factories, mills, water towers, monasteries, government buildings and bunkers. Since their decommissioning in 1964-1968, many posts have been demolished. Approximately 37 posts on existing buildings remain, but mostly go unnoticed and many risk demolition in the future. These remaining aircraft observation posts are remarkable relics of our military heritage from the Cold War.
Het Wassende Water
Authors: TETER JOHAN
Published: June 2021

Rising water. Deserted settlements in Holland after 1514

The abandonment of villages in Northwestern Europe between 1200 and 1400 AD is a much-studied subject. Little is known about the presence of this phenomenon after 1500 AD. In the historic County of Holland (more or less the western part of the Netherlands) evaluation of an old taxation document from 1514 showed that 7,5% of the villages and 15% of the hamlets present in 1514 had disappeared by 2018. Main reason is the slowly rising North Sea. Another cause is the destructive peat industry, which caused a steady and dangerous enlargement of inland lakes. The research also showed that smaller and economically weaker settlements have a higher chance to be left deserted. Cities, and traditional agricultural villages not close to the sea or big lakes, were practically immune to permanent abandonment in the last 500 years.
Juinen in kaart gebracht
Authors: STEEGH JOHN , RENES HANS
Published: June 2021

The map of Juinen by Arthur Steegh

In 1984, the historical-geographer Arthur Steegh (1946-2005) drew a fictive map that included most landscape types of the Netherlands. The map could be used to simulate the effects of planning procedures on landscapes and was part of a report on the use of landscape data in Environmental Impact Assessments. Steegh situated his map in the municipality of Juinen, which was the – again fictive – location for a popular satirical programme on Dutch television.
UNESCO culturele landschappen en management uitdagingen
Authors: WESTRIK CAROL
Published: June 2021

UNESCO cultural landscapes and management challenges

In 1992 UNESCO adopted guidelines to include cultural landscapes in the World Heritage List. Cultural Landscapes are defined as ‘combined works of nature and of man’. It is this interaction that has to be of outstanding universal value. It should also be the focus concerning the management of such World Heritage sites. It requires an interdisciplinary approach as it covers different disciplines and in some cases different management systems. The management system is a living document that looks ahead. A holistic approach and monitoring are essential in order to be able to identify possible threats to the OUV early on and to act upon them.
Levende cultuurlandschappen als Werelderfgoed
Authors: RENES HANS
Published: June 2021

Continuing landscapes as World Heritage

The World Heritage Convention was adopted by UNESCO in 1972, in a period of growing awareness of the international dimensions of environment and heritage. However, it was also a period in which European visions of heritage were still dominant, for example on themes such as authenticity and the distinction between nature and culture. The World Heritage List, resulting from the Convention, put the initiative for inscriptions by state parties, leading to a bias towards unproblematic and tourism-oriented objects. In all these aspects, almost half a century of discussions brought changing ideas. The European emphasis on material authenticity and the division between nature and culture were challenged by practices from Asia and Africa. The role of the nation state became less important by global exchanges of ideas and by local and regional initiatives. The protection of cultural landscapes, particularly that of ‘living’ or ‘continuing’ landscapes, was only possible by a movement from protection towards ‘management of change’. The problem of management of such landscapes is illustrated in five case studies of cultural landscapes that are, or prepare to be, World Heritage Sites: Dresden, the rice terraces of the Cordilleras, the Beemster polder, the Altes Land near Hamburg and the Dutch/Belgian Colonies of Benevolence. The conclusion is that change within World Heritage Sites is possible but needs to be done with caution and with a sense of quality, preferably by involving landscape architects. Rather than the authentic remains of an original situation, the argument should be based on ideas such as layeredness of landscapes and path dependency in developments.
The Upper Middle Rhine Valley
Authors: RINGBECK BIRGITTA
Published: June 2021

Het dal van de Midden-Rijn. Beheer van een landschap met historische steden en wijngaarden en een transportroute

Het Midden-Rijndal tussen Mainz en Koblenz, ingeschreven in 2002, is het enige werelderfgoed in Duitsland in de categorie organisch geëvolueerde cultuurlandschappen. Het is een complex gebied dat onder grote druk staat. De druk op het Midden-Rijndal blijkt uit de zeven state of conservation rapporten die tussen 2008 en 2017 naar het Werelderfgoedcomité werden gestuurd over bedreigende ontwikkelingen. Het laat zien voor welke uitdagingen behoud en ontwikkeling van een dergelijk cultuurlandschap staat. Om duidelijkheid te verschaffen hoe met deze uitdagingen om te gaan is in 2013 een Masterplan voor het Midden-Rijndal opgesteld. De ervaringen en uitdagingen bij het beheer van dit gebied kunnen een voorbeeld zijn voor managementplannen voor andere culturele landschappen.
Sluisbuurt Amsterdam: werelderfgoed en hoogbouw
Authors: EVERT ABRAHAMSE JAAP , KOSIAN MENNE
Published: June 2021

‘Sluisbuurt’ Amsterdam: world heritage and high-rise buildings

On the northwestern part of the Zeeburgereiland, an island in the IJ, the municipality of Amsterdam is developing the Sluisbuurt quarter: a mixed-use neighbourhood with shops, offices, catering and education and no less than 5,500 residential units, some of which are high-rise. The Sluisbuurt soon proved controversial because of the visibility of the towers from the Amsterdam city centre and from the rural area around Waterland. In this article we discuss the planning and the history of the island.
Onrust in de Dollard
Authors: ESSINK KAREL
Published: June 2021

Tension in the Dollard. A fishing conflict from 1911-1933

In the Dollard, a brackish embayment of the Ems estuary, German and Dutch fishermen used to go out on the tidal flats to collect shrimps and other fish caught in simple fykenets. German fishermen payed little attention to the since 1723 existing border. In 1911, Dutch fishery act came in force, limiting the German fishers to their territory. This paper describes how fishermen and authorities initially maintained their positions, but after some time reached a conditional compromise. After 1945, the conflict faded away due to the mechanization of shrimp fishing and nature protection measures.
Komen en gaan
Authors: GROENEWOUDT BERT , VAN DOESBURG JAN
Published: June 2021

Come and go. Coastal seasonality as part of a land use cycle

Large artificial habitation platforms (‘terps’) are widely distributed along the southern North Sea coasts. In this article we focus on the less known, small medieval (11-14th century AD) platforms, or ‘peat terps’, situated somewhat further inland, on the edge of the extensive peat bogs which until medieval times covered much of the lowlands of the Netherlands. Here yearround mixed farming was followed by seasonal animal husbandry, and vice-versa. Data are confronted with existing models on the dynamics of human exploitation and colonisation of North Sea coastal wetlands. The evidence from ‘peat terps’ seems to reflect distinct and successive land-use types or strategies (from extensive to intensive) that are associated with different colonization phases. Changes in land use are related to environmental changes that are largely human-induced: in peat areas drainage lowered the land surface resulting in rising ground water tables. The observed succession of land-use types and the associated material culture bear a strong resemblance to developments elsewhere along the North Sea coast, partly dating to earlier periods. This confirms that before the building of dikes all along the coast (c. AD 1200) land use followed a cyclical path, as suggested by Brandt et al., 1984.
De Veluwse herengoederen
Authors: VEEN PETER , DE JONGE EVERT
Published: June 2021

The ‘herengoederen’ in the Dutch region the Veluwe. Farming in a feudal system

In this article the development of the feudal system of ‘herengoederen’ (landowner estates) has been described for the region the Veluwe in the Netherlands. These estates were founded by the count and later duke of Gelre. In the 12th century the count of Gelre came to power due to the support of the bishop of Utrecht and the Roman-German emperor. He was able to start reclamation activities across the Veluwe region. The reclamation work was done by serfs who lived in on his estate. The term ‘herengoed’ was officially used in documents to describe a farming unit from 1543 onwards till 1795 ( the French Revolution). However, these farming units were much older as they originated form the 12th century. The system of ‘herengoed’ is an interesting subject for historical research because the administration of these farms is still available in the regional archives in the province of Gelderland. For every ‘herengoed’ a registration was set up about, for instance, the position of serfdom, the completeness of the estates and the registration of debts on the estates. A new owner of the ‘herengoed’ needed a permission (investiture) from the chamber of registration of the county of Gelre to live on the estate. After changes in the 16th century the province of Gelderland led the chamber of registration.

After a general introduction about the nature of ‘herengoederen’ a case study has been included for the local community Nunspeet with its four settlements Hulshorst, Westeinde, ‘t Hul and Oosteinde. The first remnants of settlements in this region were found during archaeological excavations in the 1970s. Periods of drought stimulated the farmers to start farming in the coastal area on the fringes of the Veluwe Plateau. After the establishment of the county of Gelre in the 12th century the coastal area between Veluwe and Zuiderzee was reclaimed within a couple of centuries. The system of reclamation was described in the article based on a study on cadastral and other maps from the 19th century and on information from the archives. The authors advise to start a Veluwe-wide inventory of all still existing ‘herengoederen’ because due to urbanisation and other causes the number of these estates has declined dramatically. A complete inventory of all these farming units has been missing up till now.
De windmolen
Authors: BAZELMANS JOS
Published: June 2021

The windmill. The origins of a Dutch icon

The windmill is an icon of the Netherlands. But when did this instrument acquire this symbolic role at home and abroad? After all, mills are also common outside of the Netherlands. In this essay, it is argued that during the second half of the 19th century, foreigners systematically identified the Netherlands and the windmill for the first time. More than in other countries, there was a varied use of mills in the Netherlands, large and robust mills and clusters of industrial mills. Within the Netherlands itself, development towards an iconic position is only visible around the turn of the century when the mill turned out to be a plus in tourist recruitment abroad and when mills were slowly disappearing from the landscape.
Maïscultuur in Nederland
Authors: KOOIJ BEN
Published: June 2021

Maize cultivation in the Netherlands

Columbus introduced maize in Spain at the end of the 15th century. At the end of 16th century, maize reached the Netherlands. However, the Dutch climate was not favorable enough to have the crop matured. Therefore, for a long time maize cultivation remained limited for study and observation. The Netherlands has not built up an old maize culture. On the other hand, Spanish and Portuguese farmers already cultivated plenty of maize in 1520. For the purpose of intensive livestock farming, the Netherlands started importing maize from America around 1850. After World War I, trade started again, but also research into the breeding of maize in order to make the Netherlands less dependent on foreign countries. After The Second World War, some farmers began to grow small-scale maize. However, it took until around 1975 before cultivation takes place on a large scale and a practical way of storage at farms has been developed. At present, maize cultivation is the largest crop in the Netherlands with over 216,000 hectares. This has led to a sharp change in the image of the historic arable landscape in 50 years.
Schiphol 1967-1975
Authors: VAN LENT ISABEL , MEURS PAUL
Published: June 2021

Schiphol 1967-1975. Groundbreaking airport design

Schiphol was designed for growth. Almost immediately after the opening of the renewed airport in 1967, a large-scale expansion started, which was already foreseen in the design. The designers looked closely at the latest developments in airport design and construction and uncompromisingly brought them together. The result was a flexible, modular and expandable building that could accommodate any possible future scenario. Schiphol was a well-oiled machine, where the peace and quiet of the traveller’s experience was the central focal point. Schiphol became a worldwide reference for airport architecture. Commissioned by Schiphol Real Estate, Steenhuis- Meurs carried out a cultural-historical study of this construction phase. The aim was to gain insight into the identity and spatial quality of the 1960s Schiphol Airport and to provide tools for the further development of the airport. The results of the research were published in 2019 in the book Schiphol. Groundbreaking Airport Design 1967-1975.
Duinrellen en duinwateringen
Authors: BEEKMAN FRANS
Published: June 2021

Water from the dunes: ‘duinrellen’

Duinrel is the local term for a small stream in the coastal dunes of Holland, particularly in the Kennemerland region. A duinrel flows from the dune into the lower area inland. This clear water has been used by people for different purposes: making paper, bleaching linen, brewing beer etc. They were also used by the many gardens and estates as well as by market gardeners. In the southern part of Holland, many duinrellen have been adapted and were changed into straight channels (Dutch: wateringen). For their management it is necessary to see them as partly natural, partly cultural landscape features.
Slavernijverleden werpt schaduw vooruit
Authors: KOREN DAVID
Published: June 2021

Slavery past casts a shadow. A World Heritage Status for the plantation system of western Curaçao?

The possible nomination of the western plantations for the World Heritage List of UNESCO offers a possibility to safeguard this rather unique - but eroding - relict landscape. However, an important precondition for a successful nomination is consensus on a clear strategy and goals of a nomination. The strategy could involve a new nomination, but also an extension of the existing site of Willemstad. This latter option retroactively gives the opportunity to clarify the (architectural) wealth of Willemstad and to explain why people from different continents came together in this port city. Another precondition is popular support, which is rather shallow due to the centuries-long connection of plantations with slavery. A nomination definitely should acknowledge the dark pages of history, including the intangible aspects of this past. More systematic research into the various aspects of the slave society could help to fill such ‘knowledge gaps’. It seems wise to diminish the traditional focus on the architecture of the plantations and to consider them as a cultural landscape, as well as to focus on the ingenious ways people tried to make a living in this dry landscape. This implies that the selection needs to be revised, taking into account other modes of production, like salt, water and mining.
Het onzichtbare verleden van Sint-Eustatius
Authors: STELTEN RUUD
Published: June 2021

The invisible past of St. Eustatius

Saint Eustatius, a small Dutch Caribbean island, was one of the busiest transit harbors in the 18th-century Atlantic World. While its importance as an entrepot in colonial trade networks has been well researched, much less is known about the less visible past on the island, which includes its plantation landscape and the lives of people belonging to the lowest social classes. Recent archaeological and documentary research have produced valuable data that sheds more light on these topics. This article discusses the significance of various elements in the island’s rural landscape, how they affected the experiences of the people living in it, and how these have shaped the history of the island.
Een plan voor grootschalige zoutwinning op Sint-Maarten
Authors: RENKEMA WIM
Published: June 2021

A plan for large-scale salt extraction on Sint Maarten

A map of 1859 shows a huge project to produce salt in the Great Salt Pond (St. Martin, Dutch West Indies). It was a failure. Nevertheless, far into the 20th century salt-making continued to be an important industry, just as it was in former days. Nowadays, the Pond has been partly filled up to accommodate the extension of the town of Philipsburg. It is also used as a refuse-dump.
Sporen van een indigocultuur op Curaçao
Authors: DE HASETH CAREL , VAN DER HOEVEN FRANÇOIS
Published: June 2021

Traces of indigo cultivation on Curaçao

During the 17th and 18th century indigo has been cultivated on the island of Curaçao. This article gives a description of the production of indigo using purpose- built basins and contains pictures of some of the indigobasins still to be found on the island.
‘Dat dit Nederlant is’
Authors: VREUGDENHIL MARLOES
Published: June 2021

‘Dat dit Nederlant is’. The Netherlands described in six world atlases (1571-1664)

Despite vast research on early modern atlases and their maps, little is known about texts in atlases. This study focusses on these texts in verso about the Netherlands in six early modern Dutch world atlases (1571- 1664). Through their comprehensive descriptions and characterization of the Netherlands, these texts confirm and shape an image of the Netherlands and especially of the Dutch Republic. The study found that the atlases used the same sources and copy or paraphrase each other. This causes a delay in information, but also establishes a vast and repeated image of the Dutch Republic, with emphasis on the continuation of the Seventeen Netherlands into the Republic, the freedom and independence of the Provinces, and the trade and prosperity of the young Republic.
Verpachting van duingronden op Texel van 1855 tot 1885
Authors: VAN DER WEL NICO
Published: June 2021

Lease of the coastal dunes of the island of Texel from 1855 to 1885

In 1855, the province of North Holland started exploiting the coastal dunes of the island of Texel. The dunes were divided into 19 large plots, each of which was leased for several years. This map from around 1840 served as an official document till 1886 and was regularly updated. It shows the plots and lists of tenants and rents for each lease period. Also interventions such as the construction of ditches and dikes were drawn. The map uniquely shows the Mient (‘commons’), a low and moist dune landscape which was botanically very rich, but which was almost completely drained and forested around 1900. The present dune area of Texel still bears the traces of the lease and the interventions from the 19th century.
Prelimineary Phytochemical Analysis of EmblicaOfficinalis Seed
Authors:   Department of Pharmacognosy, Smt. Sharadchandrika Suresh Patil College of Pharmacy, Chopda, Maharashtra, India., Dr.Md.RageebMd.Usman Dr.Md.RageebMd.Usman , Vadnere Dr.GautamP. ,   Department of Pharmacognosy, Smt. Sharadchandrika Suresh Patil College of Pharmacy, Chopda, Maharashtra, India., Patil Rohit ,   Department of Pharmacognosy, Smt. Sharadchandrika Suresh Patil College of Pharmacy, Chopda, Maharashtra, India.
Published: June 2021

Phytochemical investigation of n-butanol extract of Emblica Officinalis Seed. This research is to check the phytochemical agent determination by various methods. A study is done to check the test for carbohydrate and protein, saponin, terpenoid, tannins, glycosides, alkaloid by the procedure performed to find the chemical observed in Emblicaofficinalis seed. Investing the phytochemicals present in the n-butanol extract of Emblica Officinalis seed by using in-vitro methods to check the phytochemical agent present or absent in the plant.
Applications of Big Data Analytics in Healthcare Management Systems
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, R. V. College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India., Nopany Shreyas , Manonmani S Prof. ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, R. V. College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India.
Published: June 2021

The healthcare industry has become increasingly demanding in recent years. The growing number of patients makes it difficult for doctors and staff to manage their work effectively. In order to achieve their objectives, data analysts collect a large amount of data, analyze it, and use it to derive valuable insights. Data analytics may become a promising solution as healthcare industry demands increase. The paper discusses the challenges of data analytics in the healthcare sector and the benefits of using big data for healthcare analytics. Aside from focusing on the opportunities that big data analytics has in the healthcare sector, the paper will also discuss data governance, strategy formulation, and improvements to IT infrastructure. Implementation techniques include Hadoop, HDFS, MapReduce, and Apache in Big Data Analytics. A Healthcare Management System can be categorized into five divisions, namely, Drug discovery, Disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment, Hospital operations, post-care, requiring comprehensive data management. Big Data analysis support transformation is identified as a required component in future research for the application of Big Data in HealthCare.
Public Debt and Government Expenditure: Applied Study on the Palestinian Environment
Authors: Bahaa Awwad
Published: June 2021

This study aims to identify the effect of public debt on Palestinian government expenditure from the year 1997-2019. An analytical descriptive approach was used. The study found that the public debt positively impacts government expenditures and current expenditure, this confirms that the largest proportion of public debt is spent on the non-productive consumer aspects without direct concern for the elements of real economic production. In addition, the public debt negatively affects the development expenditures, which are usually supported by foreign aid and grants. Based on previous results, the researcher progress with several recommendations, the most important of which are that the Palestinian Authority should rationalize public and private consumption spending, and encourage citizens to invest by making them aware of the benefits of directing savings towards investment, financing projects. That is to achieve Palestinian priorities and economic development at the national level and within the main directions of the Palestinian Development Plan while increasing the share of development expenditures.
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN A HYPERCOMPLEX SYSTEM
Authors:   Atyrau State University named after Kh. Dosmukhamedov, Atyrau, Abirov A.K. , Shazhdekeeva N.K. ,   Atyrau State University named after Kh. Dosmukhamedov, Atyrau, Akhmurzina T.N. ,   Atyrau State University named after Kh. Dosmukhamedov, Atyrau
Published: June 2021

The article considers the problem of solving an inhomogeneous first-order differential equation with a variable with a constant coefficient in a hypercomplex system. The structure of the solution in different cases of the right-hand side of the differential equation is determined. The structure of solving the equation in the case of the appearance of zero divisors is shown. It turns out that when the component of a hypercomplex function is a polynomial of an independent variable, the differential equation turns into an inhomogeneous system of real variables from n equations and its solution is determined by certain methods of the theory of differential equations. Thus, obtaining analytically homogeneous solutions of inhomogeneous differential equations in a hypercomplex system leads to an increase in the efficiency of modeling processes in various fields of science and technology.
CLOSURE OF FINITE FUNCTIONS IN ONE WEIGHT SOBOLEV TYPE SPACE
Authors:   L. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Adiyeva A. , Baiarystanov A.O. ,   L. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan
Published: June 2021

The description of the closure of finite or smooth finite functions in functional spaces are classical tasks of functional space theory. This task is important in smooth functional spaces such as those of Sobolev, Nikolski, Besov and in their various generalizations. Usually, in a weightless space of smooth functions, the set of compactly finite functions, generally speaking, is not dense. But in the weighted space of smooth functions, for example, in the Sobolev weighted space, with strong degeneracy of the weight, many compactly finite functions can be dense. Therefore, an important issue is the problem of characterizing the closure of compactly finite functions in the weight space under consideration. Here we consider a weighted space of Sobolev type of the second order with three weights and it describes the closure of the set of functions with compact supports.
RESOLUTIONS OF INDICATIVE INEQUALITIES BY THE METHOD FEEDBACK
Authors:   Pavlodar State Pedagogical University, Pavlodar, Alpusov A.K. , Кokazhaevа A.B. ,   Kazakh National Women's Pedagogical University, Almaty
Published: June 2021

The article discusses examples of solving exponential inequalities by the inverse action method, as well as a rationalization method that simplifies the solution of exponential inequalities. The purpose of considering these methods is the development of logical thinking in solving mathematical problems. When solving problems, you need good knowledge of theoretical material and the ability to use it, mastery of general approaches to solving problems, and experience in solving exponential inequalities. The process of solving significant inequalities develops creative activity and shapes logical thinking. Logical thinking develops in students the skills of critical perception of the world around them, the desire to understand the causes and essence of the most diverse concepts and phenomena, contributes to academic success.
TEACHING HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TO SOLVE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS USING PYTHON AT MATH CLASS
Authors:   University of International Business, Almaty, Alkhan K.B. , Shaimova Z.E. ,   University of International Business, Almaty
Published: June 2021

The article discusses examples of the differential equation problem in Python with a graph for high school students. The basic characteristics of some tools for solving problems in mathematics using information technology are given. The difference between the two modern-known computer programs Python and Pascal is briefly explained. The article uses illustrative examples of built-in and manually entered functions that can be repeated by readers in Python to recreate graphs of trigonometric, differential, and other functions. In conclusion, it describes how the program can save time and energy for solving graphic problems in mathematics using the Python program. The article concludes that it is important for students to use logic to solve problems with improvised tools, where there are built-in functions, compared to remembering programming language algorithms for solving problems.
THE ORDER OF THE BEST APPROXIMATION OF FUNCTIONS IN LEBESQUE SPACE
Authors:   L.N. Gumilov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Jumabayeva A.A. , Zhetpisbayeva A.E. ,   L.N. Gumilov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan
Published: June 2021

The article considers the LP(T2) Lebesque space of periodec functions of two variables. The problems of approximation of functions of two variables by trigonometric polynomials with “numbers” of harmonics from step hyperbolic crosses are stydied. Value EQγn(f)p=inft∈(Qγn)⌈f−t⌉p,i≤p≤∞ the best approximation of the function f(x) by trigonometric polynomials with “numbers” of harmonics from a step hyperbolic cross of Qγn The article consists of two sections. The first section contains some well-known statements necessary to prove the main results. In the second section, exact estimates of the best approximations of certain functions are established. These estimates make it possible to estimate the upper bounds of the best approximations for certain classes of functions. As approximation apparatuses, trigonometric polynomials with a spector from a stepwise hyperbolic cross are used. The questions considered in this work belong to the circle of questions studied in the works of K. I. Babenko, S. A.Telyakovsky, I. S.Bugrova, N.S.Nikolsky.
DEFINITION OF HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE OF UNDERGROUND OIL PIPELINE
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Yermekkyzy L.
Published: June 2021

The results of solving the inverse problem of determining the hydraulic resistance of a main oil pipeline are presented. The formulation of the inverse problem is formulated, a numerical method for solving the system of equations is described. The hydraulic resistance of the pipeline during the "hot" pumping of high-curing and high-viscosity oil changes during operation. Oil temperature decreases along the length of the pipeline due to heat transfer from the soil, leading to an increase in oil viscosity and an increase in hydraulic resistance.The dependence of the hydraulic resistance of the pipeline on the parameters of oil pumping is determined by solving the inverse problem. The inverse problem statement consists of a system of equations of laws of conservation of momentum, mass, energy and hydraulic resistance in the form of Altshul with unknown coefficients. The system of partial differential equations of hyperbolic type for speed and pressure is solved by the numerical method of characteristics, and the heat transfer equations by the iterative method of running counting.
COERCIVE SOLVABILITY CONDITIONS OF THE THREE-ORDER DEGENERATE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors:   L.N. Gumilov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Yeskabylova Zh.B. , Оspanov K.N. ,   L.N. Gumilov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we consider one class of the singular nonlinear third-order differential equations given on the entire axis. We show sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution to this equation and the satisfiability of the coercive estimate for solution. The considered equation has the following features. Its intermediate coefficient is not bounded and does not obey to a lower coefficient. In the literature, such equations are called the degenerate differential equations. Further, the corresponding differential operator is not semi-bounded: its energy space may not belong to the Sobolev classes. Previously, the solvability questions of the third-order singular differential equations was studied only in the case that their intermediate coefficients are equal to zero. The main result of this work is proved on the basis of one separability theorem for the linear third-order degenerate differential operators, Schauder's fixed point theorem and some Hardy type weighted integral inequalities.
IN INTERPOLATING THE VALUES OF FUNCTIONS SPECIFIED BY THE TABLE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LEAST SQUARES METHOD
Authors:   Kazakh National Women's Pedagogical University, Almaty, Eskaliyev М.Е. , Masimgazieva А.А. ,   Kazakh National Women's Pedagogical University, Almaty, Nurgali N.A. ,   Kazakh National Women's Pedagogical University, Almaty
Published: June 2021

The article provides a general algorithm of the method of least squares (OLS) for the compilation of a program account, taking into account the features of the Gram matrix. In fact, the difference and advantage of the OLS from the long-known Langrange and Newton interpolation polynomials is emphasized. Using the general MNC algorithm, the square version of the MNC is considered. The characteristic of the full algorithm of the square version is given using special selected mathematical formulas. The scope of OLS in household and practical computational problems is indicated. The application of the least squares method has a wide range, especially for geographical forecasts, hydrometeorological control, and dosage of geological resources. Therefore, for applied calculations, DVI is used for more accurate calculation of approximate values of functions that are suitable in some values and are presented in the form of tables. Its main idea is to create a function and correct deviations caused by errors made during measurement.
NUMERICAL MODELING DISTRIBUTION OF CONTAMINATING SUBSTANCES IN STREET CANYONS
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Issakhov А.А. , Bekzhigitova Zh.E. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Omarova P.T. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty
Published: June 2021

In this study, we simulated the dynamics of the gas flow near a one-parameter model of the building. To study the gas tracing process, several types of barriers of various heights were applied. Ethylene - С2Н4 was chosen as an indicator gas. Numerical modeling was performed using the time-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, with the Boussinesq approximation, by comparing the simulation results with the experimental results of famous authors. According to the results of the study, it was found that the use of the RANS model in conjunction with k-e Realizable (RLZ), kw SST (SST), DES k-e (DES) turbulence models yielded practically comparable results with small deviations, which made it possible to choose k-e Realizable turbulence models. In addition, it was found that with an increase in the height of the barrier, an increase in the retention properties in the region between the structure and the barrier is observed. In general, the numerical results are commensurate with the experimental values, which confirms the correctness of the mathematical and numerical models used. These studies can be applied in the future for a more detailed study of the influence of perpendicular flows of the spread of pollutants within the urban canyon.
APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS OF SOME NONLINEAR PROBLEMS FOR THE MONGE-AMPERE EQUATIO
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Iskakova N.B. , Rysbek А.S. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Serik N.S. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty
Published: June 2021

Due to numerous applications in various fields of science, including gas dynamics, meteorology, differential geometry, and others, the Monge – ampere equation is one of the most intensively studied equations of nonlinear mathematical physics.In this report, we study a nonlinear boundary value problem for the inhomogeneous Monge-ampere equation, the right part of which contains power nonlinearities in derivatives and arbitrary nonlinearity from the desired function.Based on linearization, the studied boundary value problems are reduced to a system of ordinary first-order differential equations with initial conditions that depend on the parameter.Methods for constructing exact and approximate solutions of some boundary value problems for the Monge-ampere equation are proposed.Using the Mathcad software package, numerical implementation of methods for constructing approximate solutions of the obtained systems of ordinary differential equations with a parameter is performed.Three-dimensional graphs of exact and approximate solutions of the problems under consideration in the Grafikus service are constructed.
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE INVERSE PROBLEM FOR A SYSTEM OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kasenov S.E. , Kasenova G.E. ,   D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan state technical university, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Sultangazin A.A. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Bakytbekova B.D. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty
Published: June 2021

The article considers direct and inverse problems of a system of nonlinear differential equations. Such problems are often found in various fields of science, especially in medicine, chemistry and economics. One of the main methods for solving nonlinear differential equations is the numerical method. The initial direct problem is solved by the Rune-Kutta method with second accuracy and graphs of the numerical solution are shown. The inverse problem of finding the coefficients of a system of nonlinear differential equations with additional information on solving the direct problem is posed. The numerical solution of this inverse problem is reduced to minimizing the objective functional. One of the methods that is applicable to nonsmooth and noisy functionals, unconditional optimization of the functional of several variables, which does not use the gradient of the functional, is the Nelder-Mead method. The article presents the NellerMead algorithm. And also a numerical solution of the inverse problem is shown.
CONVEXITY CONDITION OF THE GENERALIZED BERNATSKY INTEGRAL FOR ONE SUBCLASS OF STAR-LIKE FUNCTIONS
Authors:   Kostanay state University named after A. Baitursynov, Kostanay, Kadiyeva M.R. , Mayer F.F. ,   Kostanay state University named after A. Baitursynov, Kostanay
Published: June 2021

The article carried out a study on the convexity of the Bernatsky integral in the proposition that the function in question belongs to a subclass of star-shaped functions that satisfy certain conditions. For this, the condition of convexity of univalent functions was considered. The geometrical interpretation of the conditions is given, the radius of the convexity of the star-shaped functions is established. The intervals for the parameter are found for which the Bernatsky integral is a convex function in the whole unit circle, in cases where the parameter does not belong to the given interval, the Bernatsky integral will be a convex function in a circle of smaller radius. Three consequences are given in which various cases of convexity of the Bernatsky integral for analytic functions that belong to classes of functions with certain conditions are analyzed. For the considered classes of analytic functions, the radius of convexity of the Bernatsky integral is determined.
PROJECT BASED LEARNING AND ITS USE IN TEACHING
Authors:   Suleyman Demirel University, Kaskelen, Kayinbayev Zh.T. , Nurbavliyev О.К. ,   Suleyman Demirel University, Kaskelen
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the features and benefits of teaching based on the works of both foreign and domestic scientists and methods of project based learning used in the field of pedagogy. Today's society places new demands on high school graduates. "I forget what I hear, I remember what I see, I master what I do," said the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius. Project Based Learning – is the knowledge that students acquire through the planning and independent performance of increasingly complex tasks. Preparing children for a real life by encouraging them to see the fruits of their labour is a topical issue for today. Graduates of schools are in demand in the context of innovation, have the skills of cognitive, educational, research and design activities, the ability and ability to independently seek methods for solving practical problems, the ability to use various methods of cognition.
DIGITAL RESOURCE TO STUDY MATHEMATICS AND MANAGE THE LEARNING PROCESS OF STUDENTS BY KHAN ACADEMY
Authors:   University of international business, Almaty, Mardenova L.K. , Maksat А. ,   University of international business, Almaty
Published: June 2021

This article shortly researches how does it work: one of the popular free online platforms called Khan Academy to study Mathematics in the perspective of methodology of teaching. Khan Academy is free online platform with video tutorials and explanations with exercise dashboard for learning subjects like Mathematics, Science and more. This digital resource provides statistics for teachers to monitor the progress of students. In this article written explanations why it is effective and how it could be implemented to Kazakhstan’s schools. The method of research is observing the experiences of overseas schools by analyzing articles and additionally made a personal observation of the platform. Schools in the American continent use flipped classes with Khan Academy to learn Mathematics inside and outside of the class effectively for non-cost. This idea of flipped class for mathematics would be efficient in Kazakhstani schools for secondary school students and also for students who are preparing for taking National Common Test for entrance to university.
ABOUT DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS ' THINKING WHEN SOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES IN THE SCHOOL ALGEBRA COURSE
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Nurbayeva D.M. , Nurmukhamedova Zh.M. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Yeraliyev S. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kossanov B.M. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty
Published: June 2021

The article deals with solutions of trigonometric inequalities using the unit circle. Specific examples show its application for all trigonometric functions, namely sinus, cosine, tangent and cotangent. An explanation of how to correctly define the period for solving inequalities is also provided. Before analyzing the solution to trigonometric inequalities, the authors present the solution of trigonometric equations according to the formula, but his roots are depicted on the unit circle, where detailed explanation of the record of solutions of this equation. The pictures in the article demonstrate the images that should be presented by the teacher on the blackboard when solving trigonometric inequalities. The article is written in an accessible language, when reading which the unit circle method will be understandable not only to current teachers, but also to students of Junior courses of pedagogical universities.
MULTIPERIODIC SOLUTIONS OF SECOND-ORDER SYSTEMS WITH DIFFERENTIATION OPERATOR ON THE LYAPUNOV'S VECTOR FIELD
Authors:   K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional State University, Aktobe, Omarova B.Zh.
Published: June 2021

The problem of the existence and integral representation of a unique multiperiodic solution of a second-order linear inhomogeneous system with constant coefficients and a differentiation operator on the direction of the main diagonal of the space of time variables and of the vector fields in the form of Lyapunov systems with respect to space variables were considered. The multiperiodicity of zeros of this operator and the condition for the absence of a nonzero multiperiodic and real-analytic solution of the homogeneous system corresponding to the given system are established. An integral representation of solutions of an inhomogeneous linear autonomous system that multiperiodic in time variables and realanalytic in space variables is obtained. The existence theorem of a unique multiperiodic in time variables and real-analytic in space variables solutions of the original linear system in terms of the Green's function under sufficiently general conditions is substantiated.
ESTIMATION OF A BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM SOLUTION WITH INITIAL JUMP FOR LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
Authors:   Kazakh National Women’s Teacher Training University, Almaty, Sharip B. , Yessimova А.Т. ,   Kazakh National Women’s Teacher Training University, Almaty
Published: June 2021

The paper considers a boundary value problem for a singularly perturbed linear differential equation with constant third-order coefficients. In this problem, a small parameter is indicated before the highest derivatives that are part of the differential equation and the boundary condition at t = 0.The fundamental system of solutions of a homogeneous singularly perturbed differential equation is constructed on the basis of asymptotic representations obtained for the roots of the corresponding characteristic equation. This system was used to construct the Cauchy function, special functions of boundary value problems, and also the Green function. With the help of these functions, an analytical formula is obtained for solving a singularly perturbed boundary value problem and it turns out that this solution has an initial zero-order jump at t = 0. It is proved that the solution to the considered singularly perturbed boundary value problem tends to the corresponding unperturbed problem obtained from it under .
METHODS FOR SOLVING FREDHOLM INTEGRAL EQUATIONS
Authors:   A.Baytursynov Kostanay State University, Kostanay, Ysmagul R.S. , Nurgeldina А.Е. ,   A.Baytursynov Kostanay State University, Kostanay
Published: June 2021

The article deals with integral equations that are widely used in various sections of physics (theory of waves on the surface of liquids, quantum mechanics, problems of spectroscopy, crystallography, acoustics, analysis and diagnostics of plasma, etc.), Geophysics (problems of gravimetry, kinematic problems of seismics), mechanics (vibrations of structures), etc. When the physics introduced aftereffect, it is not enough ordinary differential equations or partial differential equations, otherwise the initial data would determine the future state. To take into account the continuous sequence of previous States, we need to use integral and integro-differential equations, where the sign of the integral appears functions of parameters that characterize the system, which depend on time for some period preceding the moment under consideration. In this article we have considered the solution of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind by the method of successive approximations and the method of iterated nuclei.