bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlação entre posicionamento escapular, análise postural funcional e grau de incapacidade dos membros superiores (DASH Brasil) em médicos ultrassonografistas
Authors: Moraes Geraldo Fabiano de Souza , Gonçalves Fernanda Moreira , Silva Júnia Darth , Soares Natália Spindola
Published: March 2009

OBJETIVO: Avaliar e mensurar o posicionamento escapular e correlacioná-lo com o grau de incapacidade e avaliação funcional de ultrassonografistas. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Dezoito médicos, divididos em grupos sintomático e assintomático em relação à presença de dor por mais de seis meses, responderam a uma entrevista e foram submetidos a avaliação física e aplicação do DASH Brasil. Foi realizada a medida do ângulo de inclinação escapular e avaliação do posicionamento dos membros superiores durante a ultrassonografia. Foram utilizados testes U Mann-Whitney para avaliação do questionário de incapacidade, t de Student para posicionamento do membro superior, ANOVA para inclinação escapular e coeficiente de Spearman para correlação do posicionamento funcional de membros superiores e grau de incapacidade. RESULTADOS: Nas 30 primeiras questões do DASH Brasil houve diferença significativa entre os grupos sintomático e assintomático. No módulo opcional, relacionado ao trabalho, houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. As medidas do inclinômetro apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos no plano frontal em 90° e 120°. Para o ângulo funcional dos membros superiores não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Alterações no ângulo de inclinação escapular podem levar à disfunção dos membros superiores e a aplicação do DASH Brasil pode indicar o grau de dor e incapacidade do indivíduo.
Trypanosoma vivax nos tecidos testicular e epididimário de ovinos experimentalmente infectados
Authors: Bezerra Francisco Silvestre B. , Garcia Herakles A. , Alves Heron M. , Oliveira Isabelle R.S. , Silva Anderson E. , Teixeira Marta M.G. , Batista Jael S.
Published: March 2009

Quatro ovinos machos, com cerca de 12 meses de idade (Ovinos 1-4), foram infectados por via intravenosa com aproximadamente 1,25x10(5) tripomastigotas de Trypanosoma vivax, outros quatro ovinos (Ovinos 5-8) destinaram-se ao grupo controle. Após a infecção, exames clínicos visando avaliar temperatura retal, freqüências cardíaca e respiratória e parasitemia foram realizados diariamente por 30 dias, tempo estabelecido para o término do experimento. A avaliação do hematócrito foi realizada a cada cinco dias. Ao final do período experimental, os animais foram castrados e os testículos e epidídimos submetidos ao exame anatomopatológico. Amostras destes órgãos dos Ovinos 1, 4 e 5 foram tomadas para a realização da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Os parâmetros clínicos (hipertermia, aumento das freqüências cardíaca e respiratória, aumento de volume dos linfonodos e palidez das mucosas) mantiveram-se para o grupo infectado acima dos valores mostrados pelo grupo controle durante todo o período experimental. A parasitemia foi observada a partir do 3º dia pós-infecção (dpi) com picos nos 6-10os dpi e nos 15-18os dpi. Os Ovinos 1 e 4 apresentaram, a partir do 25º dpi, anemia acentuada. Macroscopicamente, todos os testículos dos animais do grupo infectado apresentaram-se flácidos e com coloração pálida. Microscopicamente, observaram-se degeneração testicular moderada a acentuada, epididimite multifocal e hiperplasia do epitélio epididimário. A análise por PCR de T. vivax nos tecidos testicular e epididimário resultou em 100% de positividade para ovinos infectados experimentalmente. As lesões epididimárias e testiculares associadas à presença do parasita nesses órgãos, detectada por PCR, sugerem a participação do parasita no mecanismo etiopatogênico de danos reprodutivos.
Avaliação da ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii, em soros de caprinos do estado de São Paulo, e associação com variáveis epidemiológicas, problemas reprodutivos e riscos à saúde pública
Authors: Modolo José R. , Langoni Hélio , Padovani Carlos R. , Barrozo Ligia V. , Leite Bárbara L.S. , Gennari Solange M. , Stachissini Anee V.M.
Published: March 2009

Objetivando avaliar a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii, em caprinos leiteiros do estado de São Paulo, e verificar possíveis associações com idade, sexo, presença de gatos, problemas reprodutivos e potenciais riscos à saúde pública, foram considerados soros de 923 caprinos, de ambos os sexos e idade acima de três meses, provenientes de 17 propriedades de diferentes municípios. Para o diagnóstico, utilizou-se a reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFIe"16) e, também, um inquérito sobre saúde, a fim de se coletarem informações epidemiológicas e de esfera reprodutiva de todos os capris. Os resultados foram discutidos no nível de 5% de significância. Do total das 17 propriedades, foram diagnosticados 15 focos de T. gondii, com positividade entre 2,70% e 81,25%. Não foram verificadas associações entre freqüência de soropositividade e sexo dos animais nem ocorrência de falhas reprodutivas, nos capris. Constatou-se influência positiva na taxa de anticorpos anti-T. gondii pelo aumento da idade dos caprinos e presença de gatos, nos capris. Além de a enfermidade encontrar-se amplamente difundida no estado de São Paulo, o risco eminente de transmissão de T. gondii à saúde pública também deve ser considerado, uma vez que se encontraram focos onde se comercializavam produtos "in natura", como leite e carne.
Genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) from Peru and Chile
Authors: Ståhl Karl , Benito Alfredo , Felmer Ricardo , Zuñiga Javier , Reinhardt German , Rivera Hermelinda , Baule Claudia , Moreno-López Jorge
Published: March 2009

Twenty-five BVDV strains, detected in serum from persistently infected cattle from Peru (n=15) and Chile (n=10) were genetically characterized. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 5' UTR showed that all 25 strains belonged to genotype 1. Twenty-three of the strains could further be subdivided into subtype 1b, and two out of ten Chilean strains into subtype 1a. In conclusion, in total 23 out of 25 strains analyzed were of genotype 1, subtype 1b. This is the predominant BVDV subtype in many countries all over the world, including USA. The close homology with previously described strains reflects the influence of livestock trade on the diversity of BVDV circulating within and between countries and continents. Peru and Chile have imported large numbers of cattle from USA and Europe, mostly with insufficient or lacking health documentation.
Toxoplasma gondii in experimentally infected Bos taurus and Bos indicus semen and tissues
Authors: Scarpelli Leslie , Lopes Welber Daniel Zanetti , Migani Matheus , Bresciani Katia Denise Saraiva , Costa Alvimar José da
Published: March 2009

Eighteen young steers were inoculated with Toxoplasma gondii and randomly distributed into three groups of six animals each: GI, 2.5x10(5) "P" strain oocysts, GII, 5.0x10(6) "RH" strain tachyzoites, and GIII (Control). Clinical, serological and parasitemia exams were realized. Parasite investigation by bioassay and PCR was realized on semen and fragments of skeletal musculature, lymph nodes, brain, retina, spleen, liver, lung, testicle, epididymis and seminal vesicle. Blood and semen samples were collected on days -2, -1, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and weekly thereafter, up to postinfection day (PID) 84. The inoculated steers (GI and GII) presented hyperthermia from PID 3 to 16. Antibodies against T. gondii were detected through the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) on PID 5 (1:16) in both inoculated groups (oocysts and tachyzoites), reaching peaks of 1:4096 on PID 7. Parasitemia outbursts occurred in all infected bovines, principally from PID 7 to 28, independent of the strain and inoculate used. Bioassays revealed the presence of parasites in semen samples of animals infected with oocysts (GI) and tachyzoites (GII) on several experimental days between PID 7 and 84. Tissue parasitism by T. gondii was diagnosed by bioassay and the PCR technique in several organ and tissue fragments. These findings suggest the possibility of sexual transmission of T. gondii in the bovine species.
La enfermedad de Chagas en las Américas: una perspectiva de ecosalud
Authors: Briceño-León Roberto
Published: March 2009

El proceso de transmisión de la enfermedad de Chagas ha estado históricamente relacionado con los patrones de ocupación territorial de los asentamientos humanos. En las áreas rurales puede ocurrir más fácilmente el encuentro del vector, los agentes patógenos y los seres humanos, por las condiciones de la vivienda y la pobreza existente en estas zonas. Los procesos migratorios permanentes o estacionales han jugado un papel igualmente importante en el transporte de los vectores y en la infección de la población en las zonas urbanas. Las nuevas fronteras agrícolas del Amazonas se han establecido nuevas áreas de transmisión de la enfermedad. La atención dada a los bancos de sangre ha permitido disminuir la transmisión transfusional, pero la inmigración internacional ha cambiado la situación epidemiológica, pues en Estados Unidos y España viven miles de enfermos que habían sido infectados décadas antes y no encuentran adecuada atención. Los avances en el conocimiento y el control de la enfermedad son mostrados en el artículo, señalando las limitaciones existentes en cuanto al mejoramiento de las condiciones ambientales y de vivienda de los pobres.
Dengue in Southeast Asia: epidemiological characteristics and strategic challenges in disease prevention
Authors: Ooi Eng-Eong , Gubler Duane J.
Published: March 2009

Dengue emerged as a public health burden in Southeast Asia during and following the Second World War and has become increasingly important, with progressively longer and more frequent cyclical epidemics of dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever. Despite this trend, surveillance for this vector-borne viral disease remains largely passive in most Southeast Asian countries, without adequate laboratory support. We review here the factors that may have contributed to the changing epidemiology of dengue in Southeast Asia as well as challenges of disease prevention. We also discuss a regional approach to active dengue virus surveillance, focusing on urban areas where the viruses are maintained, which may be a solution to limited financial resources since most of the countries in the region have developing economies. A regional approach would also result in a greater likelihood of success in disease prevention since the large volume of human travel is a major factor contributing to the geographical spread of dengue viruses.
Transiciones familiares y trayectorias laborales femeninas en el México urbano
Authors: Oliveira Orlandina de , Ariza Marina
Published: March 2009

A partir del recuento de la serie de transformaciones estructurales que explican la creciente participación femenina en la actividad económica, se explora la diversidad de trayectorias laborales de un conjunto de mujeres urbanas, casadas y con hijos, nacidas entre 1940 y 1970, con base en los relatos contenidos en sus historias de vida. Se analiza en particular la influencia de dos transiciones familiares, casamiento y nacimiento de los hijos, en el grado relativo de discontinuidad laboral. El análisis sugiere que el peso de estas transiciones es diferencial por sector social, y se expresa entre otras cosas en una distinta duración en la interrupción de la trayectoria laboral. En la interpretación de la heterogeneidad de las trayectorias se recurre tanto a factores socioculturales, como demográficos y económicos.
Padrões de deslocamento e captura de forragem por novilhos em pastagem de azevém-anual e aveia-preta manejada sob diferentes alturas em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária
Authors: Baggio Carolina , Carvalho Paulo César de Faccio , Silva Jamir Luís Silva da , Anghinoni Ibanor , Lopes Marília Lazzarotto Terra , Thurow Juliana Muliterno
Published: March 2009

Neste estudo avaliaram-se estratégias alimentares de novilhos em pastagem de azevém-anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) e aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreb.) em quatro alturas de manejo (10, 20, 30 e 40 cm) para investigar se as alturas do pasto podem influenciar os padrões de deslocamento e captura da forragem por animais em pastejo e seus impactos em sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária. As alturas de manejo foram avaliadas em delineamento de blocos completos casualisados com três repetições. Procedeu-se a três avaliações diurnas, por observação visual direta: duas avaliações de acordo com o estádio vegetativo e a terceira com o estádio reprodutivo. A redução da altura de manejo do pasto esteve relacionada a maior carga animal e resultou em menor massa de forragem e massa de lâminas foliares. Nessa condição de limitação, os animais aumentaram a taxa de bocados, o número de bocado por estação alimentar, o número total de bocados, o número de estação alimentar visitada e reduziram o tempo de permanência na estação alimentar. Esse padrão de resposta resultou em menor deslocamento entre estações alimentares, no entanto, a quantidade de deslocamento total foi maior. Os animais modificam seus padrões de deslocamento e captura de forragem em resposta à altura de manejo do pasto. A limitação de forragem pode ter impacto no sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária.
Association between leptin gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and carcass traits in pigs
Authors: Peixoto Jane de Oliveira , Faria Danielle Assis de , Silva Priscila Vendramini , Fonseca Isabela , Lopes Paulo Sávio , Guimarães Simone Eliza Facioni
Published: March 2009

It was investigated the association between leptin gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) T2411C and T3266G with carcass traits in F2 pigs obtained by crossing native Brazilian Piau with commercial sows composed of Landrace, Large White and Pietrain breeds. Association analyses were performed using a statistical model that included genotype, sex, and batch as fixed effects, sire and error as random effects. The T2411C SNP was associated with skinless and fatless boston shoulder weight (BSW), backfat thickness at last rib, 6.5 cm from the midline (P2), skinless and fatless picnic shoulder weight, and sirloin weight (SLW). The T3266G mutation was associated with slaughter age, bacon weight, BSW, midline backfat thickness between last and last but one lumbar vertebra, midline backfat thickness at last rib, P2 and rib weight. Phenotypic associations were also performed by combining genotypes for both SNPs. Associations with P2, carcass yield, total boston shoulder weight, and SLW were observed. The results obtained demonstrate that the SNPs analyzed have potential to be explored as markers for carcass composition in pigs.
Influence of water restriction on the performance and organ development of young broilers
Authors: Viola Teresa Herr , Ribeiro Andréa Machado Leal , Penz Júnior Antônio Mário , Viola Eduardo Spillari
Published: March 2009

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% water restriction (WR) on broiler performance, behavior, organ development (heart, leg, proventriculus and gizzard, liver, and intestines), and intestinal micrometry. Four hundred and eighty ROSS 308 male broilers were raised in battery cages measuring 0.72 m², from 1 to 21 days of age. Feed was offered ad libitum, and environmental temperatures were kept in thermoneutral conditions. Water intake was estimated based on a control group, two days older than the experimental birds, with same initial weight. A linear reduction on bird performance, duodenal villi height, and fresh organs weight were observed as WR increased. At 21 days of age, for each 1% WR, a weight loss of 8.5 g was observed. However, the mortality rate was not affected by any WR level. Organ weight, relative to body weight, was not affected by WR, except for heart, which weight increased with WR. Villi numbers and crypts depth were not affected by WR. Birds under WR changed their behavior, becoming aggressive and irritated. Electron microscopy data showed higher villi extrusion in WR broilers. In conclusion, WR, regardless its magnitude, should be avoided in broiler production.
Influência do peso ao início da terminação sobre as características de carcaça e da carne de novilhos mestiços Nelore × Charolês
Authors: Metz Patrícia Alessandra Meneguzzi , Menezes Luís Fernando Glasenapp de , Arboitte Miguelangelo Ziegler , Brondani Ivan Luiz , Restle João , Callegaro Alisson Marian
Published: March 2009

Foram utilizados 12 novilhos 5/8 Nelore 3/8 Charolês, com média de 22 meses de idade (660 dias). Na entrada do confinamento, os animais foram divididos em duas categorias, conforme a idade inicial ao confinamento: animais leves - peso vivo (PV) inicial de 362,67 kg; e animais pesados - peso vivo inicial de 441,83 kg. O peso de abate determinado para ambos os grupos foi de 500 kg. Os animais foram alimentados com silagem de milho e concentrado (relação 60:40). Os pesos iniciais aumentaram o tempo de confinamento, uma vez que os animais leves permaneceram no confinamento 94 dias e os pesados, 30 dias. Os animais leves tiveram portes iniciais e finais menores e apresentaram carcaças com maior espessura de gordura. O costilhar foi o único corte comercial influenciado pelo peso inicial. Animais mais pesados ao início do confinamento apresentaram maior porcentagem de traseiro e menor de costilhar. A quantidade de músculo foi maior nos animais mais pesados. O menor peso inicial resultou em animais de menor porte e com menor altura de garupa, maior espessura de gordura na carcaça e no costilhar e menor quantidade de traseiro e músculo. As características da carne não foram influenciadas pelos pesos ao início do confinamento.
Competency Development in New Registered Nurse Graduates: Closing the Gap Between Education and Practice
Authors: Burns Paulette , Poster Elizabeth C.
Published: March 2009

The gap between a new registered nurse graduate’s education for practice and actual practice requirements of new registered nurses has long been an accepted fact in nursing. This article describes the development of an intervention from the academic side of the gap to improve the competency of nursing students before graduation. The intervention is noteworthy because it was developed collaboratively between academia and practice. The three-pronged intervention included development of learning modules based on the top 10 high-risk, high-volume patient conditions; faculty and staff educator development in learning strategies to enhance competency development; and sharing of products with the 84 schools of nursing in Texas.
Recommendations for Improving Health Care Through Lifelong Learning
Authors: DeSilets Lynore D.
Published: March 2009

This column offers reflections on potential operational implications for continuing nursing education providers based on the summary report of the Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation included in this issue.
Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Twedell Diane , Dettinger Margaret , Matzke Mary , McKay Kasi , Sizer Rowena , Thoreson Michelle , Wrobleski Diane
Published: March 2009

This column discusses the prevalence, symptoms, and treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and the role nurses play for these patients.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(4):151–152.
Assessing Competency: A New Accreditation Resource
Authors: DeSilets Lynore D. , Dickerson Pamela S. , Allison MaryMoon
Published: March 2009

Validating the competence of nurses is of increasing importance. This column describes a new program just launched by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation to accredit educational activities that are designed to validate a learner's achievement of competence in an area of nursing knowledge or a skill set.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(6):244–245.
Nurse Leadership: Making the Most of Community Service
Authors: Dawson Susan , Freed Patricia E.
Published: March 2009

Nurses are expected to demonstrate professionalism through service leadership, but it is unlikely they have been prepared to understand the responsibilities associated with taking leadership roles in the community. The authors have had a variety of experiences serving on nonprofit health care boards and have obtained information about board roles and responsibilities that would be helpful for practicing nurses who want to be board members. Nurses can make vital contributions to the nonprofit sector of the nation's health care, but must know how to make wise choices to maintain their commitments. This article provides nurses with basic information about the roles and responsibilities of nonprofit board members and some lessons about board service from the authors' experiences.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(6):268–273.
Evaluating International Clinical Education Encounters in Lithuania
Authors: Karosas Laima , Riklikiene Olga , Suprikiene Roberta
Published: March 2009

Background:

Since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, nurses from various countries have organized clinical education sessions in Lithuania to share expertise. Evaluation of these sessions has not been completed or disseminated. This study provides an evaluation of international continuing nursing education sessions in Lithuania.

Methods:

In the late 1990s, a group of nurses and health care professionals from a local college conducted educational symposia for Lithuanian nurses. Those who participated in at least one symposium were asked to complete questionnaires regarding the educational experience. A holistic framework was used to describe the experiences of U.S. and Lithuanian nurses.

Results:

Descriptive statistics indicated the Lithuanian nurses confirmed or learned new information and adapted it to their practice. The educational material was less challenging in the larger town of Kaunas than in the smaller area of Vilkaviškis. Suggestions for improvement included teaching in smaller groups to encourage discussion and, for the U.S. nurses, acquiring more information about the Lithuanian culture before the teaching trip.

Conclusions:

The goals of the symposia, to share knowledge and establish lasting relationships with Lithuanian nurses, were met. In addition, participants provided important advice for future educational trips.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(6):274–280.
Enhancing Nurse-Physician Collaboration Using Pediatric Simulation
Authors: Messmer Patricia R.
Published: March 2009

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of nurse-physician collaboration during simulation training.

Methods:

A human patient simulator (HPS) of three mock codes with life-threatening scenarios in children, an understudied population, was used. A set of standardized measures and observational techniques were used to determine levels of nurse-physician collaboration and interaction on multiple dimensions found to improve patient outcomes.

Results:

High levels of group cohesion (GC) and collaboration and satisfaction with patient care decisions (CSPCD) were identified among both physicians and nurses. The male respondents, regardless of discipline, had significantly higher GC scores (
p
= .029) and significantly higher CSPCD scores (
p
= .005) than the female respondents. Although the nurses and physicians self-reported good collaboration following the scenarios, analysis of the videotapes revealed that collaboration improved over time.

Conclusion:

The results of this study hold promise for this critical area of science that seeks to improve the outcomes of patients who experience life-threatening events.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(7):319–327.
GUIDE: Graduates United in Dialogue for Excellence
Authors: Price Sheri , Forgeron Paula , MacConnell Grace
Published: March 2009

Graduate school can be stressful and overwhelming for students. A supportive atmosphere that promotes mentoring and networking can ameliorate the stress associated with returning to the academic environment. This article describes the process by which a group of students created a dynamic forum for the sharing of ideas, collaboration, mentoring, networking, and research among master's-prepared nurses. To reflect these ideals, the forum was entitled “Graduates United In Dialogue for Excellence” (GUIDE). The monthly GUIDE forums provided an environment in which students could learn from exchanging ideas and sharing experiences with one another, faculty, and other nursing leaders. GUIDE was successful in fostering professional growth and collaboration, thus benefiting all participants.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(7):314–318.
Managing Your Career as a Nurse Educator: Considering an Academic Appointment
Authors: Billings Diane M. , Kowalski Karren
Published: March 2009

This column discusses academic appointments, requirements for appointments, and the appointment process.
J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(9):392–393.
Promoting Critical Appraisal of the Research Literature: A Workshop for School Nurses
Authors: Bernardo Lisa M. , Matthews Judith T. , Kaufmann Judith A. , Yang Kyeongra
Published: March 2009

To promote healthy lifestyles and prevent youth obesity, school nurses collaborate with teachers and other professionals to implement effective health promotion activities (e.g., physical fitness initiatives and nutrition education). Critical appraisal of relevant, published literature is an essential competency for school nurses engaged in health promotion within their schools. A 1-day continuing education workshop was conducted to enhance literature appraisal skills needed for evidence-based practice among school nurses employed within one urban school district. Forty-six school nurses, students, and other professionals attended this workshop and participated in appraisals of selected research articles. Although the attendees rated the faculty and content highly, their intent to apply the findings to practice was limited. Applying a critical appraisal approach to the literature focused on youth obesity prevention and health promotion was innovative for educating school nurses in this process while helping them choose whether and how existing literature may be applied to their practice. Nurse educators and faculty may replicate this process with school nurses or other nursing specialties.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(10):461–467.
Developing Your Career as a Nurse Educator: The Importance of Having (or Being) a Mentor
Authors: Billings Diane M. , Kowalski Karren
Published: March 2009

With increased recruitment of new faculty to schools of nursing, many of whom have extensive clinical experience but little familiarity with academia, schools of nursing are establishing orientation and mentoring programs to facilitate the transition of these newly employed nurses to the faculty role. Having a mentor is essential for success during a career change, and is an important strategy for career advancement. The purpose of this column is to provide tips for finding and using a mentor to develop a career in nursing education.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(11):490–491.
Competent Human Research Personnel
Authors: Arford Patricia H. , Knowles Marilyn B. , Sneed Nancee V.
Published: March 2009

The process of conducting human research is highly regulated, rigorous, detailed oriented, potentially harmful, and, hopefully, beneficial. Health professionals learn how to critique, design, analyze, and apply human research but have minimal education in how to conduct human research. Successful completion of a 24-hour course was mandated for research support personnel to enhance the protection of human subjects, improve the integrity of data collected, and ensure cost-effective results. Routine audits demonstrated that the course substantially improved the documentation of the informed consent process, source documentation, protocol adherence, and regulatory compliance.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(12):565–568.
Incorporating Scenario-Based Simulation Into a Hospital Nursing Education Program
Authors: Nagle Beth M. , McHale Jeanne M. , Alexander Gail A. , French Brian M.
Published: March 2009

Nurse educators are challenged to provide meaningful and effective learning opportunities for both new and experienced nurses. Simulation as a teaching and learning methodology is being embraced by nursing in academic and practice settings to provide innovative educational experiences to assess and develop clinical competency, promote teamwork, and improve care processes. This article provides an overview of the historical basis for using simulation in education, simulation methodologies, and perceived advantages and disadvantages. It also provides a description of the integration of scenario-based programs using a full-scale patient simulator into nursing education programming at a large academic medical center.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2009;40(1):18–25.
An Australian Perspective: The Art of Being with Students
Authors: Geraghty Sadie M. , Bayes Sara
Published: March 2009

This article focuses on two nursing and midwifery tutors' subjective experiences of working with students. It considers the feelings and friendships that are built during the learning process, and the impact the experience has on the tutor. The emotional stresses, ethical dilemmas, and personal reflections that a tutor encounters while facilitating students' learning are also explored. Parse's Human Becoming Theory is proposed as an example of a theoretical framework on which to base the facilitation of nursing and midwifery students' learning experience, and is contrasted with the traditional model of nursing and midwifery education.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2009;40(1):33–37.
Adolescents' Attitudes Toward Schizophrenia, Depression, and PTSD
Authors: Arbanas Goran
Published: March 2009

The objective of this study was to compare adolescents' attitudes toward schizophrenia, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Stigmatizing attitudes toward these three mental disorders were evaluated in 325 senior students from medical, commercial, and grammar high schools in Croatia using a 45-item questionnaire. Results indicated that stigmatizing attitudes toward PTSD were at the same level as attitudes toward depression and were less stigmatizing than were attitudes toward schizophrenia. Negative attitudes were the lowest among medical students. Gender differences existed only for attitudes toward depression. Stigmatizing attitudes toward PTSD were not as high as expected. All of the students believed mental disorders are different from other disorders. Specific knowledge of psychiatry has been shown to reduce stigma. The nonaddictive nature of psychotropic medications should receive greater emphasis when teaching psychiatry.
Long-Term Safety of Stimulant Medications Used to Treat Children with ADHD
Authors: Lerner Marc , Wigal Tim
Published: March 2009

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common mental health condition that affects children, adolescents, and adults. Because it is a chronic condition and typically requires effective treatment for several years or more, information on the benefits and risks of long-term pharmacotherapy for ADHD is vital to clinicians. This article reviews the emerging literature on the safety of long-term stimulant medications in ADHD—the most commonly prescribed medications for this condition. Common side effects, including cardiovascular effects, growth effects, and tics, are discussed, as well as treatment of children younger than age 6 and evidence of carcinogenic and reproductive effects.
Approaching ADHD as a Chronic Condition: Implications for Long-Term Adherence
Authors: Van Cleave Jeanne , Leslie Laurel K.
Published: March 2009

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common chronic conditions of childhood. Although evidence-based treatments for ADHD, including stimulant medication and behavior modification, have long been established, and guidelines for care of ADHD in primary care settings have been developed, adherence to long-term therapy is poor among youth with ADHD. This article proposes use of the Chronic Care Model for Child Health, the purpose of which is to develop informed, activated patients who will interact with a prepared, proactive health care team. Six “pillars” make up the model: decision support, delivery system design, clinical information systems, family and self-management support, community resources and policies, and health care organizations. Each of these is discussed, and an individual example is described. Adopting the Chronic Care Model for Child Health has the potential to improve the quality of care for ADHD.
Effect of Water Chemical Corrosion on Strength and Cracking Characteristics of Rocks - A Review
Authors: Feng Xia Ting , Li Shao Jun , Chen Sih Li
Published: March 2009

Study of effect of water chemistry corrosion on strength and cracking characters of rocks is an important aspect to improve long-term stability of rock engineering and increase efficiency of geothermal and petroleum developing. This paper reviews new progress of study on this topic. It includes effect of water chemical corrosion on triaxial compressive strength, uniaxial compressive strength, shear strength, tensile strength, and cracking characteristics of rocks. The mechanism of water chemical corrosion is analyzed. The further study on this topic is also discussed.
Development and Performance Test of a Micromachined Resonant Accelerometer
Authors: Kang Tae Sam , Sung Sang Kyung , Hyun Chul , Lee Byeung Leul , Lee Jang Gyu , Park Chan Gook , Lee Young Jae
Published: March 2009

In this paper, presented are design, analysis, and experimental result of a tunable surface micromachined resonant accelerometer, ACRC-RXL. Also fabrication process of mechanical structure is illustrated. We used 40[μm] thick epitaxially grown polysilicon as structural layer and sealing area. With the exception of the CMP process, for smoothing the bonding area, the fabrication processes are simple as the conventional surface micromachining process. Experimental results show that the developed accelerometer has a performance of bias stability about 0.5mg and dynamic range over 10g.
Deformation Measurement of Wood Subjected to Shearing Loads Using Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry
Authors: Umezaki Eisaku , Suzuki T.
Published: March 2009

The two-dimensional deformation of wood under shearing loads is measured using an electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) technique. The radical and tangential sections of Douglas firs are used as specimens in the longitudinal direction. Results reveal that large two-dimensional deformation of the wood can be measured using the ESPI technique, the deformation values significantly vary for every part of the specimens, and the ring directions of earlywood and latewood, which compose the annual rings, have an effect on the two-dimensional deformation of wood.
Influence of Second Phase Particles on Fracture Toughness in AZ31 Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Sasaki Taisuke , Somekawa Hidetoshi , Takara Akira , Nishikawa Yukio , Higashi Kenji
Published: March 2009

Three kinds of thin AZ31 wrought magnesium alloys sheets were used in order to
investigate the influence of the second phase particles on fracture toughness. From the theoretical model, the ratio of λp/dp would be estimated 5~ 6. On the other hand, from the microstructural observation, average particle spacing on each material was sample A: 13.1µm, sample B: 14.1, and sample C: 12 µ. In addition, average particle size on each sample was sample A: 2.1, sample B: 1.9, and sample C: 2.3 µm. Therefore, the ratio of λp/dp calculated from fracture surface observation would be predicted 6 ~ 7. In comparison with the result of the prediction by theoretical analysis was in good agreement with the result of fracture toughness observation. It was found that the
variation in plane-strain fracture toughness on AZ31 were affected by both of particle spacing and particle size.
Reliability Analysis in Flip Chip Package under Thermal Cycling
Authors: Yeh Meng Kao , Tsai C.Y.
Published: March 2009

The material properties of underfill and substrate in flip chip package have temperature-dependent and moisture-sensitive characteristics. During the solder reflow process, the CTE mismatch in the package causes thermal stresses, which may reduce the reliability of the flip chip package. The package reliability can be improved by varying the die thickness, the fillet angle and the thickness of the underfill and by changing the underfill material. In this paper, the temperature- dependent properties of the underfill were established first. The flip chip reliability was then analyzed by finite element code ANSYS. Both underfill A and underfill B were used in the analysis. The results show that better reliability of the flip chip package was obtained for underfill A, for larger fillet angle of the underfill, for thinner die in the package, and for larger Young's modulus of underfill with linear elastic assumption. Also a hygrothermal preconditioning before thermal cycling reduces the reliability of the flip chip package.
Structural Comparison of Ligand-Binding Domains in Estrogen-Related Receptors
Authors: Kim Hye Yeon , Pae Ae Nim , Lee Yeon Joo , Park Joon Kyu , Kim Dae Sung , Hwang Kwang Yeon , Yu Myeong-Hee , Kim Eunice EunKyeong
Published: March 2009

Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs), orphan nuclear receptors, share a significant amino acid sequence homology with estrogen receptors (ERs), yet their ligands do not respond in the same manner. In fact, some of the ligands that are known as agonists of ERs show antagonistic effect in ERRs. Accordingly, the current study investigated the structures of the ligand-binding domains using
homology model building and docking studies. The results showed clear differences between the ligand-binding pockets of ERRs and ERs, thereby providing structural insights into the activities related to the ligands.
Models of Instruction Technology for Mathematics
Authors: Kim Hyang Sook , Kim Young Mi
Published: March 2009

In this paper, we give examples of three models created for use in teaching university mathematics courses. We estimate the area of a figure by probabilistic simulation and illustrate various examples of parametric cycloids.
Design and Inspection Policy for Redundant Systems Using Information of Warranty
Authors: Seo Jong Hyen , Roh Seon Ah
Published: March 2009

This paper considers the problem of determining the optimal number of redundant units in redundant systems with random unit failures and warranty. Parallel and k out of n systems are considered. The optimal number of redundant units which minimize the expected cost rate is found and the number is shown to be finite and unique. For given inspection interval before expiration of warranty, the optimal number of redundant units is also obtained. The effects of inspection and the warranty to the optimal number of redundant units are studied.
Information Visualization with Text Data Mining for Knowledge Discovery Tools in Bioinformatics
Authors: Park Jin Ah , Lee Chang Su , Park Jong C.
Published: March 2009

An abundant amount of information is produced in the digital domain, and an effective
information extraction (IE) system is required to surf through this sea of information. In this paper, we show that an interactive visualization system works effectively to complement an IE system. In particular, three-dimensional (3D) visualization can turn a data-centric system into a user-centric one by facilitating the human visual system as a powerful pattern recognizer to become a part of the IE cycle. Because information as data is multidimensional in nature, 2D visualization has been the preferred mode. However, we argue that the extra dimension available for us in a 3D mode provides a valuable space where we can pack an orthogonal aspect of the available information. As for candidates of this orthogonal information, we have considered the following two aspects: 1) abstraction of the unstructured source data, and 2) the history line of the discovery process. We have applied our proposal to text data mining in bioinformatics. Through case studies of data mining for molecular interaction in the yeast and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, we demonstrate the possibility of interpreting the extracted results with a 3D visualization system.
Fast Algorithms for Temporal Association Rules in a Large Database
Authors: Byon Lu Na , Han Jeong Hye
Published: March 2009

As electronic commerce progresses, temporal association rules are developed by time to offer personalized services for customer’s interests. In this article, we propose a temporal association rule and its discovering algorithm with exponential smoothing filter in a large transaction database. Through experimental results, we confirmed that this is more precise and consumes a shorter running time than existing temporal association rules.
An Implication of System Thinking Paradigm in Current Science Education
Authors: Kim Man Hee
Published: March 2009

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the system thinking paradigm and current science education in a theoretical view and to discuss its implications with information technology. This is theoretical and philosophical research, and is divided into three parts: firstly, significant trends in science education during the late 20th Century are examined; secondly, the nature of the thinking paradigm are discussed, with a specific focus on system thinking; thirdly, the implications of the system thinking paradigm are discussed in relation to science education. The following results are then presented: 1) scientific literacy has emerged as the major goal of science education in the age of information; 2) the current thinking paradigm is changing from analytics to systemics in that it is concerned with interrelated components and systems as the property of the whole; and 3) in terms of its implications in science education, system thinking can be interpreted as the essential form of scientific literacy.
Use of Region-Oriented Segmentation in Coin Recognition
Authors: Ma Ming , Singh Kulwinder , Park Dong Won , Chang Juno
Published: March 2009

Region-oriented segmentation is a simple relatively robust method for coin recognition. In this paper we present the use of Region-oriented segmentation for Coin Recognition. We use an improved K-Means Clustering Algorithm, which has the advantage to speed up the automatic determining of the optimal number of classes, to group all the gray-levels into several clusters. With the help of this cluster algorithm a label image of original coin image is obtained. In turn, the features such as area, perimeter, compactness and polar distance are extracted from the label image. The coins presented in the image could be recognized by matching the classifiers stored in the database. Several common segmentation approaches are also presented here in comparing to the region-oriented segmentation.
Sedimentary Facies and Material Source of Core DGKS9617 in the East China Sea
Authors: Yu Hua , Liu Zhen Xia , Xiong Ying Qian , Saito Yoshiki , Wang Kunshan
Published: March 2009

A piston core DGKS9617, recovered from the northern part of the inner shelf of the East China Sea (ECS) is divided into two sedimentary facies: a tidal shallow marine facies (55-850 cm) and a shallow marine facies (0-55 cm). Although the sedimentary environments of its upper and lower parts are different, the provenance of the whole core does not change. The heavy mineral assemblage, the results of the discrimination function of Fe, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn, the carbonate content and the Ba-Sr-Zn ternary diagram consistently show that the heavy mineral and
geochemical characteristics of core DGKS9617 are similar to that of the Yangtze River sediments and that its sediment is mainly provided by the Yangtze River.
A Study of Biodegradable Superabsorbent Materials Based on Acrylonitrile Grafted Sodium Alginate
Authors: Lee Young Hee , Kim Jung Soo , Kim Han Do
Published: March 2009

Biodegradable superabsorbents, hydrolyzed AN(acrylonitrile)-grafted-SA(sodium alginate) copolymers were prepared in this study by graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile on sodium alginate and the subsequent hydrolysis of the resulting grafted copolymer. The absorbency was found to significantly depend on the % add-on, graft copolymerization conditions and hydrolysis conditions. The optimum condition for graft copolymerization to obtain the maximum % add-on (64.5%) was 4g SA, 12g AN, and 8.42g H2O2 in 100ml water at 70 oC for 10hr., respectively. The optimum hydrolysis conditions for the graft copolymer (64.5 % add-on) to reach the maximum water absorbency (2518g/g), saline absorbency (1558g/g), and WRV (288g/g) is 1g graft copolymer in 10 ml aqueous NaOH (1.0N) at 110 oC for 1 hr. Furthermore, this hydrolyzed AN-graft-SA showed a
good biodegradability in enzymatic hydrolysis tests when compared with commercial superabsorbent materials.
Fabrication of an Anode-Supported Sofc with a Sol-Gel Coating Method for a Mixed-Gas Fuel Cell
Authors: Vo Nguyen Xuan Phuong , Yoon Sung Pil , Nam Suk Woo , Han Jong Hee , Lim Tae Hoon , Hong Seong Ahn
Published: March 2009

An anode-supported type solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a promising structure resulting in a very high performance because it consists of a very thin electrolyte. In the preliminary stage, we have succeeded in the fabrication of Samaria-Doped Ceria (SDC) thin film on a porous Ni-Al substrate using a sol-gel coating technique. The thin electrolyte film binds the substrate well and a single cell made with the SDC thin-film electrolyte and porous LSM cathode exhibited a good performance in a mixed-gas condition, even at intermediate temperatures. The single cell, consisting of 20 µm thin SDC electrolytes, the porous Ni-Al anode substrate, and a LSM cathode,
exhibited an open circuit voltage of 0.82V and a maximum power density of 0.31 W.cm-2 at 700°C with humidified methane and air mixtures. This cell also generated an open circuit voltage of about 1.1V and a maximum power density of 0.34 W.cm-2 at 600°C with humidified hydrogen as the fuel and air as the oxidant.
A Study on Organics and Nutrients Removal Mechanisms in Livestock Wastewater Treatment Using EGSB
Authors: Lee Young Shin
Published: March 2009

An advanced way of treating livestock wastewater made use of both Autothermal
Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion (ATAD), as a pre-step, and Expanded Granular Sludge Blanket (EGSB), as the post-step. As a result, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration flowing out of the post step, including the EGSB, was 89mg/ℓ, while the suspended solid (SS) concentration was 28mg/ℓ, and the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were 62mg/ℓ and 5.7mg/ℓ, respectively. To maintain a high temperature in the ATAD reactor without external heating, the characteristics of influent were found to be very critical. The temperature of the ATAD reactor was significantly elevated only when the influent TSS was more 50,000mg/ℓ. The EGSB reactor was fed with increasingly higher livestock wastewater loading rates up to 6kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/ m3/day and an average of 84.7% of the COD and 85.4% of the SS were
removed in EGSB. Biogas was generated on the 47th day of operation in the EGSB after startup and its production increased at a rapid rate. The methane percentage within the biogas was initially low but it also increased rapidly, up to 73%. When the HRTs were 0.5-3 days, the COD removal efficiency was over 80%, but did show a increase as the HRT increased to 3 days.
Multivariate Analysis between Air Pollutants and Meteorological Variables in Seoul
Authors: Kim Jae Hee , Lim Ji Won
Published: March 2009

Multivariate analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between air pollutants and meteorological variables measured in Seoul from January 1 to December 31, 1999. The first principal component showed the contrast effect between O3 and the other pollutants. The second principal component showed the contrast effect between CO, SO2, NO2, and O3, PM10, TSP. Based on the cluster analysis, three clusters represented different air pollution levels, seasonal characteristics of air pollutants, and meteorological conditions. Discriminant analysis with Air Environment Index (AEI) was carried out to develop an air pollution index function.