bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heme Oxygenase-1 Reduces Sepsis-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Chen Xiaozhen , Wang Yinglin , Xie Xiang , Chen Hongfei , Zhu Qiqi , Ge Zhidong , Wei Hua , Deng Jingshong , Xia Zhengyuan , Lian Qingquan
Published: June 2018

Background. Sepsis leads to severe acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) that is associated with enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an ER-anchored protein, exerts antioxidant and protective functions under ALI. However, the role of HO-1 activation in the development of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress during sepsis remains unknown. Methods. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model was created to induce septic ALI. Lung tissue ER stress was measured 18 hours after CLP. The effects of HO-1 on ER stress during septic ALI were investigated in vivo using HO-1 agonist hemin and antagonist ZnPP. Results. Compared with the sham group, ER stress in septic lung increased significantly 18 hours after CLP, which was significantly reduced by pretreatment with the ER inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA). The lung injury score and the lung wet to dry (W/D) ratio in lungs were significantly reduced in septic rats after ER stress inhibition. Similarly, lung ER stress-related genes’ (PERK, eIF2-α, ATF4, and CHOP) levels were attenuated after ER stress inhibition. Furthermore, HO-1 activation by hemin reduced p-PERK, p-eIF2-α, ATF4, and CHOP protein expression and oxidative stress and lung cell apoptosis. Additionally, HO-1 antagonist could aggregate the ER stress-related ALI. Conclusions. ER stress was activated during CLP-induced ALI, which may represent a mechanism by which CLP induces ALI. HO-1 activation could inhibit CLP-induced lung ER stress and attenuate CLP-induced ALI.
A Modified Precise Integration Method for Long-Time Duration Dynamic Analysis
Authors: Huang Ce , Fu Minghui
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a modified Precise Integration Method (PIM) for long-time duration dynamic analysis. The fundamental solution and loading operator matrices in the first time substep are numerically computed employing a known unconditionally stable method (referred to as original method in this paper). By using efficient recursive algorithms to evaluate these matrices in the first time-step, the same numerical results as those using the original method with small time-step are obtained. The proposed method avoids the need of matrix inversion and numerical quadrature formulae, while the particular solution obtained has the same accuracy as that of the homogeneous solution. Through setting a proper value of the time substep, satisfactory accuracy and numerical dissipation can be achieved.
S1P Stimulates Proliferation by Upregulating CTGF Expression through S1PR2-Mediated YAP Activation
Authors: Cheng Jung-Chien , Wang Evan Y. , Yi Yuyin , Thakur Avinash , Tsai Shu-Huei , Hoodless Pamela A.
Published: June 2018

Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway in the liver results in overgrowth and eventually tumorigenesis. To date, several upstream mechanisms have been identified that affect the Hippo pathway, which ultimately regulate YAP, the major downstream effector of the pathway. However, upstream regulators of the Hippo pathway in the liver remain poorly defined. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite that has been shown to stimulate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation, but whether the Hippo pathway is involved in S1P-stimulated HCC cell proliferation remains to be determined. Here it is demonstrated that S1P activates YAP and that the S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2/S1P2) mediates S1P-induced YAP activation in both human and mouse HCC cells. S1P promotes YAP-mediated upregulation of cysteine-rich protein 61 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and stimulates HCC cell proliferation. By using siRNA-mediated knockdown approaches, only CTGF was required for S1P-stimulated cell proliferation. Of note, S1P activates YAP in a MST1/2-independent manner suggesting that the canonical Hippo kinase is not required for S1P-mediated proliferation in liver. The upregulation of CTGF and S1P2 were also observed in liver-specific YAP overexpression transgenic mouse hepatocytes. Moreover, YAP regulated liver differentiation–dependent gene expression by influencing the chromatin binding of HNF4α based on ChIP-seq analysis. Finally, results using gain- and loss-of-function approaches demonstrate that HNF4α negatively regulated S1P-induced CTGF expression.

Implications: These findings reveal a role for S1P in stimulating HCC cell proliferation by upregulating CTGF expression through S1P2-mediated YAP activation. Mol Cancer Res; 16(10); 1543–55. ©2018 AACR.
Daxx Functions Are p53-Independent In Vivo
Authors: Wasylishen Amanda R. , Estrella Jeannelyn S. , Pant Vinod , Chau Gilda P. , Lozano Guillermina
Published: June 2018

Mutations in the death domain–associated protein (DAXX) have been recently identified in a substantial proportion of human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). Remarkably, however, little is known about the physiologic role(s) of DAXX despite in vitro studies suggesting potential functions. Most prominently, and supported by tumor sequencing data, DAXX functions in concert with alpha thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked (ATRX) as a histone chaperone complex for the H3.3 variant. Studies have also identified potential roles in apoptosis, transcription, and negative regulation of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway. Herein, a mouse modeling approach was used to specifically address the latter and no significant genetic interaction between Daxx and the p53 pathway was determined. The embryonic lethal phenotype of Daxx loss is not p53-dependent. In addition, Daxx heterozygosity does not sensitize mice to a sublethal dose of ionizing radiation or alter the survival or tumor phenotype of Mdm2 transgenic mice. However, the data support a tumor suppressor role for DAXX as low-dose ionizing radiation produced a higher proportion of carcinomas in Daxx heterozygous mice than wild-type controls.

Implications: While DAXX has important in vivo functions, they are independent of an inhibitory role on the p53 tumor suppressor pathway. Mol Cancer Res; 16(10); 1523–9. ©2018 AACR.
Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma Demonstrating Osteosarcomatous Differentiation
Authors: Dhinsa Baljinder S. , DeLisa Mariagrazia , Pollock Rob , Flanagan Adrienne M. , Whelan Jeremy , Gregory Jonathan
Published: June 2018

Background: Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDC) accounts for a small proportion of chondrosarcomas. They demonstrate aggressive behaviour with a high rate of local recurrence and systemic progression resulting in poor long-term survival rates. Due to its relatively low incidence, previous studies have grouped different histiotypes together to achieve adequate study numbers for analysis. Methods: This retrospective study examines the clinical course and the role of chemotherapy in the subgroup of patients with DDC where osteosarcoma is the predominant dedifferentiated component. Between 2000-2010, 21 patients were identified. Results: The mean age at presentation was 64 years (range 35-80 years). 12 patients were considered unfit for chemotherapy, whilst 2 patients declined chemotherapy. 5 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with less than 90% necrosis demonstrated in all these cases. 3 patients received post-operative chemotherapy. The median survival for the entire group was 9.5 months. In the 7 patients who received chemotherapy, the median survival was 17 months, and those who had chemotherapy had a greater median time to local recurrence. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that cytotoxic chemotherapy may be offered to appropriately selected patients.
Aspects of Methamphetamine Abuse in Adolescents and Young Adults in a Thuringian County
Authors: Dhein Stefan , Schmelmer Katrin , Guenther Julika , Salameh Aida
Published: June 2018

Background/Objective: Drug abuse is an increasing problem among young adults in European countries. We wanted to assess the prevalence of methamphetamine and cannabis use in young people and to ask for their socioeconomic, parental and emotional background. Methods: All pupils (n = 1,087) in the final class of 3 school types (­general school [in Germany: Hauptschule/Regelschule mit Hauptschulabschluss] class 9, regular school [in Germany: Regelschule] class 10, high school [in Germany: Gymnasium] class 10) and the first 2 classes of the vocational school (in Germany: Berufsschule) in the entire rural district of Altenburger Land, a Thuringian county in Germany with a total of 92,344 inhabitants were asked to fill out a 2-page questionnaire. In all, 920 questionnaires could be finally evaluated (mean age: 16.6 ± 0.07 years; mode value: 16; maximum range: 13–29). Results: In the entire group, 5.81% (33 females, 20 males) reported the use of methamphetamine, while 42.8% stated that they have used it only once, the remaining 57.2% specified that they have used it on a more regular basis, mostly once a month, but 14.2% had used it almost daily. With regard to the socioeconomic background, 55% of the parents of the methamphetamine users were employees and 10% of the parents were in a leading position. This was not different from the non-user group (p = 0.193). Unemployment of the parents was found in 6.5% of the methamphetamine users and in 4.7% of the non-users. Overall, 67.92% had a basic knowledge of the side effects of this drug. In 55.32% of the methamphetamine users, the parents lived alone, were divorced or widowed, while this was only 33.1% in the non-user group. Of all the methamphetamine users, 69% had friends who also consumed the drug, which may give a hint on the impact of a peer group. In the entire group, 29.84% were smokers (female group: 28.47%; male group 31.25%) and 25.5% consumed cannabis. Ecstasy was used by a total of 4.05% and cocaine by 1.53%. No participant mentioned that they have used opiates. Conclusion: Among pupils aged about 16 years nearly 6% reported to have consumed methamphetamine. This group has a middle socioeconomic background. Two factors were strongly associated with methamphetamine usage: a family with only a single parent and friends who were used to taking methamphetamine. The self-perception of users was generally considered to be a disadvantage as compared to the other factors.
siRNA Targeting of the SNCG Gene Inhibits the Growth of Gastric Carcinoma SGC7901 Cells in vitro and in vivo by Downregulating the Phosphorylation of AKT/ERK
Authors: Fan Changru , Liu Jinju , Tian Jianhai , Zhang Yuliang , Yan Maojun , Zhu Chaoyu
Published: June 2018

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of synuclein-γ (SNCG) silencing on gastric cancer SGC7901 cells and to elucidate the associated mechanisms. pGCSIL-lentiviral siRNA targeting of the SNCG gene was employed to inhibit SNCG expression. Several experiments such as quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, MTT, colony formation, migration assay, and flow cytometry were performed to investigate the biological behavior of infected SGC7901 cells. BALB/c nude mice were used as tumor xenograft models to assess the effects of SNCG silencing on tumor growth. Western blot analysis was carried out to determine the relative levels of AKT, p-AKT, ERK, and p-ERK expression. Our results showed that SNCG was overexpressed in SGC7901 cells as compared to normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells. SGC7901 cells transfected with SNCG siRNA demonstrated significantly decreased gastric cancer growth (p < 0.01), reduced cell migration, cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, promoted tumor cell apoptosis (p < 0.01), and inhibited tumorigenesis in xenograft animal models. Western blot analysis indicated that the protein levels of p-AKT and p-ERK were much lower in the SNCG siRNA group than in the control groups. The results of the present study suggest that SNCG siRNA plays a significant role in the proliferation, migration, and tumorigenesis of gastric cancer by downregulating the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. RNA interference-mediated silencing of SNCG may provide an opportunity to develop a novel treatment strategy for gastric cancer.
The Impact of Two-Stage Subtotal Petrosectomy and Round Window Vibroplasty on Bone Conduction Thresholds
Authors: Prenzler Nils Kristian , Gruber Lennart , Lenarz Thomas , Maier Hannes , Schwab Burkard
Published: June 2018

Objective: To evaluate possible increases in bone conduction (BC) hearing thresholds in patients undergoing subtotal petrosectomy (SP) with fat obliteration and blind sac closure of the outer ear canal and subsequent round window vibroplasty. Patients and Interventions: Between 1997 and 2013, 43 patients (45 ears) with combined hearing loss and recurrent chronic otitis or status post formation of a radical cavity underwent SP around 6 months prior to implantation of a Vibrant SoundbridgeTM. Pure tone audiograms (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, and 6 kHz) prior to SP, after SP, prior to implantation, after implantation, and at first fitting around 5 weeks after implantation were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: The comparison between BC thresholds before SP and at first fitting showed an overall decline during the two-step procedure between 2.8 and 6 dB that was significant (p < 0.05, Student t test) at 2, 3, 4, and 6 kHz. Conclusion: In some cases, SP is the only way to eradicate chronic otitis and to achieve a suitable environment for the implantation of active middle ear implants. The present data demonstrate a relatively small but significant decline in BC thresholds throughout the whole procedure. Knowledge of its extent is mandatory for a correct indication for later implantation of a Vibrant SoundbridgeTM.
Radiological Workup of Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Authors: Bollen Thomas L. , Wessels Frank J.
Published: June 2018

Pancreatic cystic lesions are being detected with increasing frequency because of increased use and improved quality of cross-sectional imaging techniques. Pancreatic cystic lesions encompass non-neoplastic lesions (such as pancreatitis-related collections) and neoplastic tumors. Common cystic pancreatic neoplasms include serous cystadenomas, mucinous cystic neoplasms, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, and solid pseudopapillary tumors. These cystic pancreatic neoplasms may have typical morphology, but at times show overlapping imaging features on cross-sectional examinations. This article reviews the classical and atypical imaging features of commonly encountered cystic pancreatic neoplasms and presents the limitations of current cross-sectional imaging techniques in accurately classifying pancreatic cystic lesions.
Management Strategies for Hydrocephalus in Alobar Holoprosencephaly: A Case Report and Discussion
Authors: Sarica Can , Yucetas Cem , Ozen Ali , Ucler Necati , Konca Capan , Akar Selahattin
Published: June 2018

Holoprosencephaly is a rare congenital malformation resulting from an impaired midline division of the prosencephalon into distinct cerebral hemispheres. Hydrocephalus is a frequent problem among the few survivors with alobar holoprosencephaly (aHPE), its most severe form. The literature about neurosurgical management of hydrocephalus in this condition is limited and dispersed, and there are still some points that need to be resolved. We report the case of a newborn with aHPE, hydrocephalus, and central diabetes insipidus. We delineate the complexity of the management of these patients and emphasize the benefits of using an initial programmable shunt valve. Further discussion about management strategies includes reviewing previous reports and the benefits of shunting for hypothalamic osmoreceptor function.
Genetic Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in the Metropolitan Area of Rome
Authors: Cannas Angela , Camassa Serena , Sali Michela , Butera Ornella , Mazzarelli Antonio , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Di Caro Antonino , Delogu Giovanni , Girardi Enrico
Published: June 2018

Background: The presence in a geographic area of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains belonging to different phylogeographic lineages and showing different drug susceptibility patterns may suggest recent transmission, with implications in terms of patient clinical management and disease control. The aim of this study was to carry out a preliminary epidemiological investigation of tuberculosis (TB) cases in Rome. Methods: A total of 232 Mtb isolates, collected from new or previously treated patients, admitted between 2008 and 2014 at 2 hospital settings in Rome with a diagnosis of TB, were analyzed by spoligotyping and analyzing 24 variable-number tandem repeats (VNTR) mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit (MIRU) loci. The SITVIT2 database and the MIRU-VNTRplus web applications were used to identify the strain genotypes and to generate phylogenetic trees. Results: Based on the position on the phylogenetic tree, 97.4% of the strains were associated with 1 of the 7 main lineages. The Euro-American lineage was the most commonly represented (81.9%) within both Italian and foreign-born populations, although all main lineages were present. The highest frequency of drug-resistant strains was found among the East-Asian lineage (Beijing genotype) isolated from foreign-born patients. Conclusions: Dynamics of TB transmission in Rome indicate recent spread of Mtb strains belonging to phylogeographic lineages and clades usually found in countries and geographic areas with a high incidence of TB, similarly to what is observed in most metropolitan areas in Western Europe. Knowledge from molecular and classical epidemiology provides an important tool for disease control.
Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase IDOL Attenuates Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction in Mice
Authors: van Loon Nienke M. , Ottenhoff Roelof , Kooijman Sander , Moeton Martina , Scheij Saskia , Roscam Abbing Reinout L.P. , Gijbels Marion J.J. , Levels Johannes H.M. , Sorrentino Vincenzo , Berbée Jimmy F.P. , Rensen Patrick C.N. , Zelcer Noam
Published: June 2018

Objective—

The E3 ubiquitin ligase IDOL (inducible degrader of the LDLR [LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor]) is a post-transcriptional regulator of LDLR abundance. Model systems and human genetics support a role for IDOL in regulating circulating LDL levels. Whether IDOL plays a broader metabolic role and affects development of metabolic syndrome-associated comorbidities is unknown.

Approach and Results—

We studied WT (wild type) and
Idol
(−/−)
(Idol-KO) mice in 2 models: physiological aging and diet-induced obesity. In both models, deletion of
Idol
protected mice from metabolic dysfunction. On a Western-type diet,
Idol
loss resulted in decreased circulating levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin. This was accompanied by protection from weight gain in short- and long-term dietary challenges, which could be attributed to reduced hepatosteatosis and fat mass in Idol-KO mice. Although feeding and intestinal fat uptake were unchanged in Idol-KO mice, their brown adipose tissue was protected from lipid accumulation and had elevated expression of UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1) and TH (tyrosine hydroxylase). Indirect calorimetry indicated a marked increase in locomotion and suggested a trend toward increased cumulative energy expenditure and fat oxidation. An increase in in vivo clearance of reconstituted lipoprotein particles in Idol-KO mice may sustain this energetic demand. In the BXD mouse genetic reference population, hepatic
Idol
expression correlates with multiple metabolic parameters, thus providing support for findings in the Idol-KO mice.

Conclusions—

Our study uncovers an unrecognized role for Idol in regulation of whole body metabolism in physiological aging and on a Western-type diet. These findings support Idol inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to target multiple metabolic syndrome-associated comorbidities.
T Cells Prevent Hemorrhagic Transformation in Ischemic Stroke by P-Selectin Binding
Authors: Salas-Perdomo Angélica , Miró-Mur Francesc , Urra Xabier , Justicia Carles , Gallizioli Mattia , Zhao Yashu , Brait Vanessa H. , Laredo Carlos , Tudela Raúl , Hidalgo Andrés , Chamorro Ángel , Planas Anna M.
Published: June 2018

Objective—

Hemorrhagic transformation is a serious complication of ischemic stroke after recanalization therapies. This study aims to identify mechanisms underlying hemorrhagic transformation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.

Approach and Results—

We used wild-type mice and Selplg
−/−
and Fut7
−/−
mice defective in P-selectin binding and lymphopenic Rag2
−/−
mice. We induced 30-minute or 45-minute ischemia by intraluminal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and assessed hemorrhagic transformation at 48 hours with a hemorrhage grading score, histological means, brain hemoglobin content, or magnetic resonance imaging. We depleted platelets and adoptively transferred T cells of the different genotypes to lymphopenic mice. Interactions of T cells with platelets in blood were studied by flow cytometry and image stream technology. We show that platelet depletion increased the bleeding risk only after large infarcts. Lymphopenia predisposed to hemorrhagic transformation after severe stroke, and adoptive transfer of T cells prevented hemorrhagic transformation in lymphopenic mice. CD4
+
memory T cells were the subset of T cells binding P-selectin and platelets through functional P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. Mice defective in P-selectin binding had a higher hemorrhagic score than wild-type mice. Adoptive transfer of T cells defective in P-selectin binding into lymphopenic mice did not prevent hemorrhagic transformation.

Conclusions—

The study identifies lymphopenia as a previously unrecognized risk factor for secondary hemorrhagic transformation in mice after severe ischemic stroke. T cells prevent hemorrhagic transformation by their capacity to bind platelets through P-selectin. The results highlight the role of T cells in bridging immunity and hemostasis in ischemic stroke.
Bias Reduction and Metric Learning for Nearest-Neighbor Estimation of Kullback-Leibler Divergence
Authors: Noh Yung-Kyun , Sugiyama Masashi , Liu Song , Plessis Marthinus C. du , Park Frank Chongwoo , Lee Daniel D.
Published: June 2018

Nearest-neighbor estimators for the Kullback-Leiber (KL) divergence that are asymptotically unbiased have recently been proposed and demonstrated in a number of applications. However, with a small number of samples, nonparametric methods typically suffer from large estimation bias due to the nonlocality of information derived from nearest-neighbor statistics. In this letter, we show that this estimation bias can be mitigated by modifying the metric function, and we propose a novel method for learning a locally optimal Mahalanobis distance function from parametric generative models of the underlying density distributions. Using both simulations and experiments on a variety of data sets, we demonstrate that this interplay between approximate generative models and nonparametric techniques can significantly improve the accuracy of nearest-neighbor-based estimation of the KL divergence.
The EU in the Central Mediterranean: Impact and Implications of the Comprehensive Approach
Authors: Dura Sophie
Published: June 2018

The implications of the comprehensive approach to the EU refugee crisis are becoming apparent in the current actions of different players in the central Mediterranean, where a Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) military operation is present alongside Frontex’s joint operation Triton. Both cooperate closely with Libyan border authorities and the European Migrant Smuggling Centre of Europol. But this not only poses humanitarian problems as to how the EU should cooperate on these matters with Libyan officials, it also leads to a confusing meddling of different EU actors from distinct policy areas in matters of crucial importance to the Union. Against this background, the article delineates the competences and powers of the different actors. Another issue is the role of the European Parliament in the situation: it has little influence in the CSDP but strong links to the agencies. In this context the article will discuss the influence of the cooperation on parliamentary accountability.
The lichen genera Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae) and Leprocaulon (Leprocaulaceae) in India
Authors: BAJPAI RAJESH , UPRETI D. K. , NAYAKA SANJEEVA
Published: June 2018

A taxonomic study of the genus Lepraria in India revealed one new species Lepraria indica R. Bajpai & Upreti and 14 new records (L. achariana, L. aurescens, L. caesiella, L.caesioalba, L. cupressicola, L. eburnea, L. ecorticata, L. elobata, L. friabilis, L. granulata, L. incana, L. isidiata, L. leuckertiana, L.lobata) together with two new records of Leprocaulon (L. adhaerens and L. textum) for the lichen flora of the country. An artificial key to all known species of Lepraria and Leprocaulon from India is also provided.
Onosma erzincanica (Boraginaceae: Lithospermeae), a new scree species from Turkey
Authors: BİNZET RIZA , EREN ÖZKAN
Published: June 2018

A new species of Onosma (Boraginaceae: Lithospermeae) from the Erzincan province of eastern Anatolia, O. erzincanica, is described and illustrated. It belongs to the Haplotricha informal group which comprises the species with basal leaves covered by simple setae only. The species appears to be endemic to scree and is very narrowly distributed. The closest relative of O. erzincanica is O. obtusifolia Hausskn. & Sint. ex Riedl, which also occurs in Turkey. In addition to the its restriction to screes, it is primarily distinguished from O. obtusifolia by its golden yellow, shorter (14–17 mm) and clavate corollas, longer pedicels (2–5 mm), shorter filaments (ca. 4 mm), acute cauline leaves and having stems covered not only with 2–5 mm long patent setae but also with short hairs, and chartaceous to membranous leaves, calyx and bracts when dried. The geographical distribution of O. erzincanica and O. obtusifolia are mapped and an identification key for those species is provided. Pollen and nutlet micrographs of O. erzincanica are presented using scanning electron microscopy. The site conditions and conservation status of O. erzincanica are also considered.
Review of the Japanese Microtendipes (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae), with description of a new species
Authors: TANG HONGQU , NIITSUMA HIROMI
Published: June 2018

Japanese species of Microtendipes are reviewed. Eleven names proposed in this genus, including Russian M. sakhalinensis Zorina, 2001, are synonymized with M. umbrosus Freeman, 1955, for which male and female adults, pupa and larva are redescribed based on specimens collected from Japan. Two species, M. shoukomaki Sasa, 1989 and M. famiefeus Sasa, 1996, are validated based on the re-examination of type specimens and are redescribed based on specimens newly collected from Japan. Descriptions of the larva of M. shoukomaki and the female adult, pupa and larva of M. famiefeus are given here for the first time. Microtendipes chloris (Meigen, 1818) sensu Sasa is redescribed as a new species, M. parachloris Niitsuma & Tang sp. nov., based on the male adult. Additionally, synonymic notes of Polypedilum (Cerobregma) yamasinense (Tokunaga, 1940) comb. nov. and P. (Polypedilum) tsukubaense (Sasa, 1979), transferred from Microtendipes, are given. Polypedilum kamotertium Sasa, 1989 and M. iriocedeus Sasa & Suzuki, 2000 are synonymized with the above two species, respectively, based on each original description.         The distribution of M. umbrosus extends from Africa to the Russian Far East and East Asia (Japan, China), and Australia and Thailand (with new distributions reported here). Although no African type material is examined here, the morphological features of those populations are consistent with Freeman’s concept.
Two new eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from West Bengal, India
Authors: SUR SURAJIT , ROY SOURAV , CHAKRABARTI SAMIRAN
Published: June 2018

Two new species of eriophyoid mites viz. Abacarus sundarbanensis n. sp. infesting Pongamia glabra L. (Fabaceae) and Diptilomiopus augustifoliae n. sp. infesting Ambroma augusta (L.) (Sterculiaceae) respectively, are described from West Bengal, India.
Immature stages of three species of Inca LePeletier & Serville, 1828 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) and morphology of phytophagous scarab beetle pupa
Authors: SOUSA RAFAEL , FUHRMANN JUARES , KOUKLÍK ONDŘEJ , ŠÍPEK PETR
Published: June 2018

Immature stages of I. pulverulenta (Olivier, 1789) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Incini) are described for the first time, and those of I. bonpalandi (Gyllenhal, 1827) and I. clathrata sommeri Westwood, 1845 are redescribed. A key to the third instar of Incini is presented, notes on Inca larval characters in the phylogenetic context of Cetoniinae and on scarab pupal morphology are also given.
A new deep-sea species of the snapping shrimp genus Alpheus Fabricius, 1798 (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) from Kagoshima Bay, Japan
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI , OHTOMI JUN
Published: June 2018

A new species of the snapping shrimp genus Alpheus Fabricius, 1798, A. longipalma, is described and illustrated on the basis of material from Kagoshima Bay, Kyushu, Japan. It is referred to the A. brevirostris (Olivier, 1811) species group, and appears closest to A. macroskeles Alcock & Anderson, 1894, known with certainty from the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea, and A. talismani Coutière, 1898 from the eastern Atlantic. The greatly elongate minor cheliped in males, being subequal to or longer than the major cheliped with proportionally shorter dactylus distinguish the new species from A. macroskeles. The less elongate antennular peduncle and better-developed, rounded distal lamella of the antennal scaphocerite differentiate the new species from A. talismani. All specimens of the new species were trawled from depths greater than 200 m.
Redefinition of Denisiella Folsom & Mills, 1938 (Collembola: Sminthurididae) with description of three new species from Brazil
Authors: PALACIOS-VARGAS JOSÉ G. , FERREIRA AILA SOARES , ZEPPELINI DOUGLAS
Published: June 2018

A new diagnosis of Denisiella is provided, based on the revision of most descriptions, including three new species from Brazil. New Brazilian taxa share the presence of 6 + 6 eyes, 4 + 4 serrate spine-like on tibiotarsi III and the polycarinate setae on tibiotarsi II but differ from each other by the shape and size of the sensilla of the tibiotarsi I. Denisiella rhizophorae sp. nov. has the combination of sensilla on tibiotarsi I of rhagidial type and C2 blunt on antennal segment III. Only D. betschi sp. nov. has barbulate spines on head and D. caatingae sp. nov. is the only which males present nasal organ. They are illustrated with drawings and scanning electron microscope photographs. Three different shapes of sensilla in the tibiotarsi I were observed and were compared with other species.
Re-making ‘quality’ within the social sciences: The debate over rigour and relevance in the modern business school
Authors: Irwin Alan
Published: June 2018

Against the background of previous discussions over the state of academic institutions and the specific operation of research evaluation and measurement systems, this article focuses on the relationship between academic quality and larger societal value within social scientific research. Adopting a perspective from Science and Technology Studies (STS), it specifically explores what has become known as the ‘rigour–relevance’ debate within business and management research and considers its larger implications. On the one hand, it is important to consider how terms such as ‘rigour’ and ‘relevance’ are specifically constructed and performed. On the other, this debate should be seen in the context of the modern business school as an ‘overloaded assemblage’ responsible to multiple audiences and for multiple purposes. In conclusion, it is argued that frameworks of ‘rigour’ and ‘relevance’ should be considered in terms not only of what they include but also omit – with notions of responsibility, public value, cognitive justice and public engagement providing alternative, but characteristically neglected, means of (re-)framing quality in this context.
The Stimulators of Social Media Fatigue Among Students: Role of Moral Disengagement
Authors: Cao Xiongfei , Khan Ali N. , Zaigham Ghulam H. K. , Khan Naseer A.
Published: June 2018

There are increasing concerns about student’s possibility of becoming victim of negative online experiences, including cyberbullying victimization (CV). The outcome of these experiences on student’s psychological and mental health is not well understood. This study used stimulus–organism–response paradigm to inspect the antecedents of social media fatigue and how social media attachment (SMA) is related to internalizing disorders (depression and anxiety). We also examined the moderating role of moral disengagement in the positive association between SMA and CV. The distinctive stimulus–organism–response paradigm in the suggested model is empirically examined through a sample of 305 college students. SMA was related to more CV and greater symptoms of internalizing disorders. CV and internalizing disorders were positively associated with social media fatigue. Moral disengagement moderated the relationship between SMA and CV. Implications for online awareness struggles are discussed.
Effects of a Future Time Perspective–Based Career Intervention on Career Decisions
Authors: Park In-Jo , Rie Juil , Kim Hyang Sook , Park Jiyoung
Published: June 2018

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of a future time perspective (FTP)-based career intervention on career decisions. The career intervention consisted of three sessions based on three factors of FTP: opportunity, value, and connectedness. The study was performed with 41 college students who were randomly assigned to the intervention group ( N = 21) and the control group ( N = 20). The intervention group showed higher levels of FTP, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career search self-efficacy at the posttest compared to the corresponding results of the control group. Furthermore, the results of a paired-samples t test showed that the effects of the career intervention were maintained at a 4-week follow-up. Lastly, the theoretical and practical implications of the study were discussed.
Severe Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Treated With Investigational Artesunate in the United States
Authors: Shah Punit J. , Koshy Janice , Everett Nichelle , Attia Engie
Published: June 2018

Purpose:

We describe here the case of a 40-year-old Nigerian male with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria successfully treated with investigational intravenous (IV) artesunate.

A 40-year-old Nigerian male was admitted to the medical intensive care unit for the treatment of severe malaria. The patient presented with the classic malaria paroxysm and altered mental status and was in acute renal failure. A blood parasite, thick and thin smear was performed revealing positive ring forms on smear which are characteristic of Plasmodium falciparum, with an estimated parasitemia of 2%. Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, the recommended treatment for severe malaria is with IV quinidine, the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medication available for the treatment of severe malaria in the United States. However, quinidine was not immediately available, including from surrounding hospitals. As a result, the infectious diseases physician and pharmacist decided to contact the CDC to initiate the process for obtaining IV artesunate, an investigational drug only available via a FDA-approved Investigational New Drug (IND) protocol. Artesunate was flown into Houston later that night, and this drug was administered successfully to the patient. Patient responded to treatment and was discharged from the hospital on day 4.

Conclusion:

A patient with severe falciparum malaria was successfully treated with investigational artesunate procured from the CDC.
National Business Regulations and City Entrepreneurship in Europe: A Multilevel Nested Analysis
Authors: Audretsch David B. , Belitski Maksim , Desai Sameeksha
Published: June 2018

This article provides and tests a theoretical framework with a multilevel (country–city) nested model to analyze the relationship between national business regulations (NBRs) and city level entrepreneurship. While public interest theory predicts a positive relationship between NBR and city level entrepreneurship, public choice theory predicts the opposite, a negative relationship. Based on multilevel analysis for a matched country–city panel of 228 cities across 20 European countries for the years 2004 to 2009, the empirical evidence from panel data estimation explains how changes in NBRs influence changes in city level entrepreneurial activity over time.
An interview with Chelsea Manning’s lawyer: Nancy Hollander on human rights and the protection of whistleblowers
Authors: Munro Iain
Published: June 2018

This article presents an edited interview with Nancy Hollander, a prominent human rights activist and criminal defense lawyer. The primary focus of the interview is Ms Hollander’s work as the lead defense counsel for the whistleblower, Chelsea Manning. The main themes addressed in the interview are (a) the close links between the practice of whistleblowing and human rights activism, (b) the fact that whistleblowers are not only subject to retaliation but are also being increasingly criminalized, and (c) the creation of a broad support network for whistleblowers like Chelsea Manning.
Can we belong in a neo-liberal world? Neo-liberalism in early childhood education and care policy in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Press Frances , Woodrow Christine , Logan Helen , Mitchell Linda
Published: June 2018

Since the 1990s, neo-liberal economics has profoundly altered the nature and delivery of early childhood education and care in both Australia and New Zealand through the creation of childcare markets. Accompanying the rise of the market has been a discourse of childcare as a commodity – a commodity marketed and sold to its consumers (read parents) as a private benefit. The stratifying impact of neo-liberalism in education policy has been argued by numerous scholars of education. Arguably, in both Australia and New Zealand, early childhood education and care is more commodified and subject to the market than any other area of education. Thus, the authors consider whether early childhood education and care has shifted away from being understood as a social good, a site for social cohesion and democratic practice – all of which the authors consider to be implicated in a conceptualisation of belonging appropriate to the project of early childhood education and care. This article considers the impact of neo-liberal policies on early childhood education and care in Australia and New Zealand, especially in relation to understandings and manifestations of ‘belonging’. The authors trace the impact of neo-liberalism in early childhood education and care policy and examine the ways in which the discourse of early childhood education and care provision has changed, both in policy and in how the market makes its appeal to parents as consumers. The authors argue that appeals to narrowly defined, individualised self-interest and advancement threaten understandings of belonging based on social solidarity and interdependence.
An evaluation of perioperative communication in the operating room
Authors: Kenawy Dahlia , Schwartz Daniel
Published: June 2018

Communication failures can lead to sentinel events in the operating room. Knowledge of basic surgical steps is important for all team members to ensure work flow efficiency. Surgeons and non-surgeons were surveyed to determine perceived and actual quality of communication between team members, using knowledge of surgical steps as a marker of communication quality. Participants agreed that communication was important, but non-surgeons were unable to name the four key steps of a laparoscopic cholecystectomy (p = 5.0E-07), indicating poor communication between surgeons and non-surgeons.
Transitioning Racial/Ethnic Minorities With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Related Services
Authors: Gary Kelli W. , Sima Adam , Wehman Paul , Johnson Khalilah R.
Published: June 2018

Related services were examined for 1,400 racial/ethnic transitioning minorities enrolled in the National Longitudinal Transition Study–2 database after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic variables. Propensity methods balanced minorities (32%) and nonminorities (68%) on demographic and socioeconomic factors. Logistic regressions determined predictors of each outcome while incorporating propensity scores and survey weights. Education and income influenced more service receipt; whereas, percentage of persons with free or reduced lunch and minorities in high school had lower service receipt. After incorporating propensity scores, differences between minorities and nonminorities attenuated for occupational therapy and career counseling and increased for assistive technology with no services reaching significance after adjustment. Complex analyses incorporating socioeconomic factors best determine differences between racial/ethnic transitioning minorities with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Combined value of exhaled nitric oxide and blood eosinophils in chronic airway disease: the Copenhagen General Population Study
Authors: Çolak Yunus , Afzal Shoaib , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Marott Jacob L. , Lange Peter
Published: June 2018

We investigated whether the combination of increased exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO) level and blood eosinophil count had an additive value in chronic airway disease in the general population.

We included 4677 individuals aged 20–100 years from the Copenhagen General Population Study. Based on pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry, self-reported asthma and smoking history, participants were subdivided into healthy never-smokers (n=1649), healthy ever-smokers (n=1581), asthma (n=449), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n=404), asthma–COPD overlap (ACO) (n=138) and nonspecific airflow limitation (n=456).

Compared to individuals withFeNO<25 ppb and blood eosinophils <0.3×109 cells·L−1, age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for wheezing were 1.54 (1.29–1.84) for individuals withFeNO≥25 ppb or blood eosinophils ≥0.3×109 cells·L−1and 2.14 (1.47–3.10) for individuals withFeNO≥25 ppb and blood eosinophils ≥0.3×109 cells·L−1. Corresponding odds ratios were 1.13 (0.91–1.41) and 1.83 (1.20–2.79) for sputum production, 1.54 (1.22–1.94) and 3.26 (2.16–4.94) for asthma, 1.03 (0.80–1.32) and 0.67 (0.36–1.27) for COPD and 1.32 (0.88–1.96) and 2.14 (1.05–4.36) for ACO. Among individuals reporting respiratory symptoms, predicting the type of chronic airway disease did not differ between the two biomarkers and did not improve by combining them.

Combination ofFeNOand blood eosinophils may have an additive value in characterising chronic airway disease in the general population but still needs to be investigated further with regard to clinical application.
The impact of acute air pollution fluctuations on bronchiectasis pulmonary exacerbation: a case-crossover analysis
Authors: Goeminne Pieter C. , Cox Bianca , Finch Simon , Loebinger Michael R. , Bedi Pallavi , Hill Adam T. , Fardon Tom C. , de Hoogh Kees , Nawrot Tim S. , Chalmers James D.
Published: June 2018

In bronchiectasis, exacerbations are believed to be triggered by infectious agents, but often no pathogen can be identified. We hypothesised that acute air pollution exposure may be associated with bronchiectasis exacerbations.

We combined a case-crossover design with distributed lag models in an observational record linkage study. Patients were recruited from a specialist bronchiectasis clinic at Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK.

We recruited 432 patients with clinically confirmed bronchiectasis, as diagnosed by high-resolution computed tomography. After excluding days with missing air pollution data, the final model for particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm (PM10) was based on 6741 exacerbations from 430 patients and for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) it included 6248 exacerbations from 426 patients. For each 10 µg·m−³ increase in PM10and NO2, the risk of having an exacerbation that same day increased significantly by 4.5% (95% CI 0.9–8.3) and 3.2% (95% CI 0.7–5.8) respectively. The overall (lag zero to four) increase in risk of exacerbation for a 10 μg·m−3increase in air pollutant concentration was 11.2% (95% CI 6.0–16.8) for PM10and 4.7% (95% CI 0.1–9.5) for NO2. Subanalysis showed higher relative risks during spring (PM101.198 (95% CI 1.102–1.303), NO21.146 (95% CI 1.035–1.268)) and summer (PM102.142 (95% CI 1.785–2.570), NO21.352 (95% CI 1.140–1.602)) when outdoor air pollution exposure would be expected to be highest.

In conclusion, acute air pollution fluctuations are associated with increased exacerbation risk in bronchiectasis.
Splitting of circulating red blood cells asin vivo-mechanism of erythrocyte maturation in developing zebrafish, chick and mouse embryos
Authors: Brönnimann Daniel , Annese Tiziana , Gorr Thomas A. , Djonov Valentin
Published: June 2018

Nucleated circulating red blood cells (RBCs) of developing zebrafish, chick and mouse embryos can actively proliferate. While marrow- or organ-mediated erythropoiesis has been widely studied, transforming in vivo processes of circulating RBCs are under little scrutiny. We employed confocal, stereo- and electron microscopy to document the maturation of intravascular RBCs. In zebrafish embryos (32-72 hours post fertilization), RBC splitting in the caudal vein plexus follows a four-step program: (i) Nuclear division with continued cytoplasmic connection between somata. (ii) Dumbbell-shaped RBCs tangle at transluminal vascular pillars. (iii) Elongation, and (iv) Disruption of soma-to-soma connection. Dividing RBCs of chick embryos, however, retain the nucleus in one of their somata. Here, RBC splitting acts to pinch-off portions of cytoplasm, organelles and ribosomes. Dumbbell-shaped primitive RBCs re-appeared as circulation constituents in mouse embryos. The splitting of circulating RBCs, thus, represents a biologically relevant mechanism of RBC division and maturation during early vertebrate ontogeny.