bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute Effects of Gait Interventions on Tibial Loads During Running: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Keast Meghan , Bonacci Jason , Fox Aaron
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Changing running technique or equipment can alter tibial loads. The efficacy of interventions to modify tibial loads during running is yet to be synthesised and evaluated. This article reviewed the effect of running technique and footwear interventions on tibial loading during running.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched using terms relevant to tibial load and running. Interventions were categorised according to their approach (i.e., footwear; barefoot running; speed; surface; overground versus treadmill; orthotics, insoles and taping; and technique); if necessary, further subgrouping was applied to these categories. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for changes in tibial loading were calculated and meta-analyses performed where possible.

Results

Database searches yielded 1617 articles, with 36 meeting the inclusion criteria. Tibial loading increased with (1) barefoot running (SMD 1.16; 95% CI 0.50, 1.82); (2) minimalist shoe use by non-habitual users (SMD 0.89; 95% CI 0.40, 1.39); (3) motion control shoe use (SMD 0.46; 95% CI 0.07, 0.84); (4) increased stride length (SMD 0.86; 95% CI 0.18, 1.55); and (5) increased running speed (SMD 1.03; 95% CI 0.74, 1.32). Tibial loading decreased when (1) individuals ran on a treadmill versus overground (SMD − 0.83; 95% CI − 1.53, − 0.12); and (2) targeted biofeedback was used (SMD − 0.93; 95% CI − 1.46, − 0.41).

Conclusions

Running barefoot, in motion control shoes or in unfamiliar minimalist shoes, and with an increased stride length increases tibial loads and may increase the risk of a tibial stress injury during periods of high training load. Adopting interventions such as running on a treadmill versus overground, and using targeted biofeedback during periods of high loads could reduce tibial stress injury.
Effectiveness of Adult Health Promotion Interventions Delivered Through Professional Sport: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: George Emma S. , El Masri Aymen , Kwasnicka Dominika , Romeo Alannah , Cavallin Sarah , Bennie Andrew , Kolt Gregory S. , Guagliano Justin M.
Published: June 2022

Background

Researchers are capitalising on the strong connections that sport fans have with their teams for health promotion programmes, yet no existing systematic reviews have evaluated the effectiveness of interventions delivered through professional sport.

Objective

The aim of this study was to systematically collate, evaluate, and synthesise the evidence on health promotion interventions implemented in professional sport settings.

Methods

Randomised controlled trials reporting on adult health promotion initiatives delivered in professional sport settings were identified through electronic database searches in CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar. Data on health-related outcomes (e.g., weight, physical activity, dietary intake) were extracted and synthesised, and random effects meta-analyses were conducted to examine effects for weight and waist circumference. Risk of bias was examined using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised controlled trials (RoB 2).

Results

Six studies reporting on five unique interventions met the inclusion criteria, and all included studies were gender-sensitised and exclusively targeted men. Intervention effects were observed for several health outcomes, including physical activity, dietary intake, and psychosocial health. All studies aimed to reduce weight, and for most studies (n = 4), weight was a primary outcome, either of the included study or to inform a future definitive trial. Findings from the meta-analysis revealed an overall significant difference in change in weight of − 3.2 kg (95% confidence interval [CI] − 4.6 to − 1.8) and waist circumference of − 3.9 cm (95% CI − 4.9 to − 2.8), both in favour of the intervention group at 12 weeks. Intervention effects were also reported for several other health outcomes (e.g., physical activity, dietary intake, psychosocial health); however, they were not consistently measured across the studies and thus were not meta-analysed.

Conclusion

Health promotion interventions delivered through professional sporting organisations can significantly improve weight- and lifestyle-related health outcomes. Representation across the socioeconomic spectrum and across culturally and linguistically diverse groups was limited. As only a limited number of studies met the inclusion criteria for this review, a need exists for rigorously designed interventions, standardised intervention approaches, with long-term follow-up, and the potential for scalability.

PROSPERO Registration Number

CRD42019123295.
High fidelity virtual try-on network via semantic adaptation and distributed componentization
Authors: Du Chenghu , Yu Feng , Jiang Minghua , Hua Ailing , Zhao Yaxin , Wei Xiong , Peng Tao , Hu Xinrong
Published: June 2022

Image-based virtual try-on systems have significant commercial value in online garment shopping. However, prior methods fail to appropriately handle details, so are defective in maintaining the original appearance of organizational items including arms, the neck, and in-shop garments. We propose a novel high fidelity virtual try-on network to generate realistic results. Specifically, a distributed pipeline is used for simultaneous generation of organizational items. First, the in-shop garment is warped using thin plate splines (TPS) to give a coarse shape reference, and then a corresponding target semantic map is generated, which can adaptively respond to the distribution of different items triggered by different garments. Second, organizational items are componentized separately using our novel semantic map-based image adjustment network (SMIAN) to avoid interference between body parts. Finally, all components are integrated to generate the overall result by SMIAN. A priori dual-modal information is incorporated in the tail layers of SMIAN to improve the convergence rate of the network. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can retain better details of condition information than current methods. Our method achieves convincing quantitative and qualitative results on existing benchmark datasets.
The First High-Quality Reference Genome of Sika Deer Provides Insights into High-Tannin Adaptation
Authors: Xing Xiumei , Ai Cheng , Wang Tianjiao , Li Yang , Liu Huitao , Hu Pengfei , Wang Guiwu , Liu Huamiao , Wang Hongliang , Zhang Ranran , Zheng Junjun , Wang Xiaobo , Wang Lei , Chang Yuxiao , Qian Qian , Yu Jinghua , Tang Lixin , Wu Shigang , Shao Xiujuan , Li Alun , Cui Peng , Zhan Wei , Zhao Sheng , Wu Zhichao , Shao Xiqun , Dong Yimeng , Rong Min , Tan Yihong , Cui Xuezhe , Chang Shuzhuo , Song Xingchao , Yang Tongao , Sun Limin , Ju Yan , Zhao Pei , Fan Huanhuan , Liu Ying , Wang Xinhui , Yang Wanyun , Yang Min , Wei Tao , Song Shanshan , Xu Jiaping , Yue Zhigang , Liang Qiqi , Li Chunyi , Ruan Jue , Yang Fuhe
Published: June 2022

Sika deer are known to prefer oak leaves, which are rich in tannins and toxic to most mammals; however, the genetic mechanisms underlying their unique ability to adapt to living in the jungle are still unclear. In identifying the mechanism responsible for the tolerance of a highly toxic diet, we have made a major advancement by explaining the genome of sika deer. We generated the first high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly of sika deer and measured the correlation between tannin intake and RNA expression in 15 tissues through 180 experiments. Comparative genome analyses showed that the UGT and CYP gene families are functionally involved in the adaptation of sika deer to high-tannin food, especially the expansion of the UGT family 2 subfamily B of UGT genes. The first chromosome-level assembly and genetic characterization of the tolerance to a highly toxic diet suggest that the sika deer genome may serve as an essential resource for understanding evolutionary events and tannin adaptation. Our study provides a paradigm of comparative expressive genomics that can be applied to the study of unique biological features in non-model animals.
The Madagascar Youths
Authors: Campbell Gwyn
Published: June 2022

In 1820, King Radama of Imerina, Madagascar signed a treaty allowing approximately one hundred young Malagasy to train abroad under official British supervision, the so-called 'Madagascar Youths'. In this lively and carefully researched book, Gwyn Campbell traces the Youths' untold history, from the signing of the treaty to their eventual recall to Madagascar. Extensive use of primary sources has enabled Campbell to explore the Madagascar Youths' experiences in Britain, Mauritius and aboard British anti-slave trade vessels, and their instrumental role in the modernisation of Madagascar. Through this remarkable history, Campbell examines how Malagasy-British relations developed, then soured, providing vital context to our understanding of slavery, mission activity and British imperialism in the nineteenth century.
Throwing the Party
Authors: Batchis Wayne
Published: June 2022

The Supreme Court's jurisprudence on political parties is rooted in an incomplete story. Parties are, like voluntary clubs, associations of individuals that are represented by a singular organization. However, as political science has long understood, they are much more than this. Parties are also the voters who choose and support their candidates, the elected officials who govern, the activists and volunteers who contribute their time and energy, and the individual and organizational donors who open their wallets. Unfortunately, the Court's framework for understanding America's two-party system has largely ignored this broader conception of political parties. The result has been a distortion of the true nature of the two-party system, and a body of deeply inconsistent and contradictory constitutional case law. From primaries to campaign finance, partisan gerrymandering to ballot access, law and politics scholar Wayne Batchis interrogates, scrutinizes, and offers a proposed solution to this problematic jurisprudence.
Elliptic Regularity Theory by Approximation Methods
Authors: Pimentel Edgard A.
Published: June 2022

Presenting the basics of elliptic PDEs in connection with regularity theory, the book bridges fundamental breakthroughs – such as the Krylov–Safonov and Evans–Krylov results, Caffarelli's regularity theory, and the counterexamples due to Nadirashvili and Vlăduţ – and modern developments, including improved regularity for flat solutions and the partial regularity result. After presenting this general panorama, accounting for the subtleties surrounding C-viscosity and Lp-viscosity solutions, the book examines important models through approximation methods. The analysis continues with the asymptotic approach, based on the recession operator. After that, approximation techniques produce a regularity theory for the Isaacs equation, in Sobolev and Hölder spaces. Although the Isaacs operator lacks convexity, approximation methods are capable of producing Hölder continuity for the Hessian of the solutions by connecting the problem with a Bellman equation. To complete the book, degenerate models are studied and their optimal regularity is described.
Hermetic Spirituality and the Historical Imagination
Authors: Hanegraaff Wouter J.
Published: June 2022

In Egypt during the first centuries CE, men and women would meet discreetly in their homes, in temple sanctuaries, or insolitary places to learn a powerful practice of spiritual liberation. They thought of themselves as followers of Hermes Trismegistus, the legendary master of ancient wisdom. While many of their writings are lost, those that survived have been interpreted primarily as philosophical treatises about theological topics. Wouter J. Hanegraaff challenges this dominant narrative by demonstrating that Hermetic literature was concerned with experiential practices intended for healing the soul from mental delusion. The Way of Hermes involved radical alterations of consciousness in which practitioners claimed to perceive the true nature of reality behind the hallucinatory veil of appearances. Hanegraaff explores how practitioners went through a training regime that involved luminous visions, exorcism, spiritual rebirth, cosmic consciousness, and union with the divine beauty of universal goodness and truth to attain the salvational knowledge known as gnôsis.
German History Unbound
Authors: Penny H. Glenn
Published: June 2022

What is German history? Where did it take place? And what role did Germans living outside of Central Europe play in it? This polycentric history offers a new vision: It uses communities of Germans, from Austria to Chile to Russia, to rethink our narratives of modern German history. Focusing on the great plurality of Germans, and their interconnections around the world, it pointedly de-centers the nation-state while arguing that resisting its dominance in our historical narratives has high intellectual and political stakes. For within an unbound German history there are characteristics, clues, models, and precedents that can do much to undermine the return of violent, exclusionary nationalism. To that end, this book calls for a greater integration of mobilities, migration flows, different ways of belonging, and transcultural places into our narratives of Germans' histories. Ultimately, it reveals how embracing a range of narratives can help us to better understand people's actions, intentions, and motivations in particular historical moments.
Practice Variation among Canadian Stroke Prevention Clinics: Pre, During, and Post-COVID-19
Authors: Abdulaziz Kasim E. , Taljaard Monica , Dowlatshahi Dar , Stiell Ian G. , Wells George A. , Perry Jeffrey J.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Stroke is a common and serious disorder. With optimal care, 90-day recurrent stroke risk can be reduced from 10% to about 1%. Stroke prevention clinics (SPCs) can improve patient outcomes and resource allocation but lack standardization in patient management. The extent of variation in patient management among SPCs is unknown. Our aims were to assess baseline practice variation between Canadian SPCs and the impact of COVID-19 on SPC patient care.

Methods:

We conducted an electronic survey of 80 SPCs across Canada from May to November 2021. SPC leads were contacted by email with up to five reminders.

Results:

Of 80 SPCs contacted, 76 were eligible from which 38 (50.0%) responded. The majority (65.8%) of SPCs are open 5 or more days a week. Tests are more likely to be completed before the SPC visit if referrals were from clinic’s own emergency department compared to other referring sources. COVID-19 had a negative impact on routine patient care including longer wait times (increased for 36.4% clinics) and higher number of patients without completed bloodwork prior to arriving for appointments (increased for 27.3% clinics). During COVID-19 pandemic, 87.9% of SPCs provided virtual care while 72.7% plan to continue with virtual care post-COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion:

Despite the time-sensitive nature of transient ischemic attack patient management, some SPCs in Canada are not able to see patients quickly. SPCs should endeavor to implement strategies so that they can see high-risk patients within the highest risk timeline and implement strategies to complete some tests while waiting for SPC appointment.
Relative Severi inequality for fibrations of maximal Albanese dimension over curves
Authors: Hu Yong , Zhang Tong
Published: June 2022

Let$f: X \to B$be a relatively minimal fibration of maximal Albanese dimension from a varietyXof dimension$n \ge 2$to a curveBdefined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. We prove that$K_{X/B}^n \ge 2n! \chi _f$. It verifies a conjectural formulation of Barja in [2]. Via the strategy outlined in [4], it also leads to a new proof of the Severi inequality for varieties of maximal Albanese dimension. Moreover, when the equality holds and$\chi _f> 0$, we prove that the general fibreFoffhas to satisfy the Severi equality that$K_F^{n-1} = 2(n-1)! \chi (F, \omega _F)$. We also prove some sharper results of the same type under extra assumptions.
Epidemiology and genomics of a slow outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphyloccus aureus (MRSA) in a neonatal intensive care unit: Successful chronic decolonization of MRSA-positive healthcare personnel
Authors: Quan Kathleen A. , Sater Mohamad R. A. , Uy Cherry , Clifton-Koeppel Robin , Dickey Linda L. , Wilson William , Patton Pat , Chang Wayne , Samuelson Pamela , Lagoudas Georgia K. , Allen Teri , Merchant Lenny , Gannotta Rick , Bittencourt Cassiana E. , Soto J. C. , Evans Kaye D. , Blainey Paul C. , Murray John , Shelton Dawn , Lee Helen S. , Zahn Matthew , Wolfe Julia , Madey Keith , Yim Jennifer , Gohil Shruti K. , Grad Yonatan H. , Huang Susan S.
Published: June 2022

Objective:

To describe the genomic analysis and epidemiologic response related to a slow and prolonged methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) outbreak.

Design:

Prospective observational study.

Setting:

Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods:

We conducted an epidemiologic investigation of a NICU MRSA outbreak involving serial baby and staff screening to identify opportunities for decolonization. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on MRSA isolates.

Results:

A NICU with excellent hand hygiene compliance and longstanding minimal healthcare-associated infections experienced an MRSA outbreak involving 15 babies and 6 healthcare personnel (HCP). In total, 12 cases occurred slowly over a 1-year period (mean, 30.7 days apart) followed by 3 additional cases 7 months later. Multiple progressive infection prevention interventions were implemented, including contact precautions and cohorting of MRSA-positive babies, hand hygiene observers, enhanced environmental cleaning, screening of babies and staff, and decolonization of carriers. Only decolonization of HCP found to be persistent carriers of MRSA was successful in stopping transmission and ending the outbreak. Genomic analyses identified bidirectional transmission between babies and HCP during the outbreak.

Conclusions:

In comparison to fast outbreaks, outbreaks that are “slow and sustained” may be more common to units with strong existing infection prevention practices such that a series of breaches have to align to result in a case. We identified a slow outbreak that persisted among staff and babies and was only stopped by identifying and decolonizing persistent MRSA carriage among staff. A repeated decolonization regimen was successful in allowing previously persistent carriers to safely continue work duties.
Topological transition and helicity conversion of vortex knots and links
Authors: Shen Weiyu , Yao Jie , Hussain Fazle , Yang Yue
Published: June 2022

Topological transition and helicity conversion of vortex torus knots and links are studied using direct numerical simulations of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. We find three topological transitional routes (viz. merging, reconnection and transition to turbulence) in the evolution of vortex knots and links over a range of torus aspect ratios and winding numbers. The topological transition depends not only on the initial topology but also on the initial geometry of knots/links. For small torus aspect ratios, the initially knotted or linked vortex tube rapidly merges into a vortex ring with a complete helicity conversion from the writhe and link components to the twist. For large torus aspect ratios, the vortex knot or link is untied into upper and lower coiled loops via the first vortex reconnection, with a helicity fluctuation including loss of writhe and link, and generation of twist. Then, the relatively unstable lower loop can undergo a secondary reconnection to split into multiple small vortices with a similar helicity fluctuation. Surprisingly, for moderate torus aspect ratios, the incomplete reconnection of tangled vortex loops together with strong vortex interactions triggers transition to turbulence, in which the topological helicity decomposition fails due to the breakdown of vortex core lines.
Supervisor role overload and emotional exhaustion as antecedents of supervisor incivility: The role of time consciousness
Authors: Rafique Muhammad
Published: June 2022

Studies up to great extent have focused on investigating the possible consequences of supervisor incivility in organizations; however, surprisingly very little research has concentrated on its antecedents. Drawing on affective event theory, the aim of this study is to identify how role overload may cause the supervisor behavior uncivil toward their subordinates in the project environment by examining the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and moderating effect of time consciousness. Data were collected from both supervisors and their immediate subordinates from project-based organizations of Pakistan. After data consolidation, the final sample was 296 supervisor–subordinate dyads. The results revealed that supervisor role overload and emotional exhaustion is positively related with supervisor incivility and emotional exhaustion mediates this relationship. Time consciousness moderates the link between supervisor role overload and emotional exhaustion. The practical and theoretical implications of our findings are provided.
Generating weighted and thresholded gene coexpression networks using signed distance correlation
Authors: Pardo-Diaz Javier , Poole Philip S. , Beguerisse-Díaz Mariano , Deane Charlotte M. , Reinert Gesine
Published: June 2022

Even within well-studied organisms, many genes lack useful functional annotations. One way to generate such functional information is to infer biological relationships between genes or proteins, using a network of gene coexpression data that includes functional annotations. Signed distance correlation has proved useful for the construction of unweighted gene coexpression networks. However, transforming correlation values into unweighted networks may lead to a loss of important biological information related to the intensity of the correlation. Here, we introduce a principled method to constructweightedgene coexpression networks using signed distance correlation. These networks contain weighted edges only between those pairs of genes whose correlation value is higher than a given threshold. We analyze data from different organisms and find that networks generated with our method based on signed distance correlation are more stable and capture more biological information compared to networks obtained from Pearson correlation. Moreover, we show that signed distance correlation networks capture more biological information than unweighted networks based on the same metric. While we use biological data sets to illustrate the method, the approach is general and can be used to construct networks in other domains. Code and data are available onhttps://github.com/javier-pardodiaz/sdcorGCN.
Geographic and temporal morphological stasis in the latest Cretaceous ammonoidDiscoscaphites irisfrom the U.S. Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains
Authors: Witts James D. , Myers Corinne E. , Garb Matthew P. , Irizarry Kayla M. , Larina Ekaterina , Rashkova Anastasia , Landman Neil H.
Published: June 2022

We examine temporal and spatial variation in morphology of the ammonoid cephalopodDiscoscaphites irisusing a large dataset from multiple localities in the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of the U.S. Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains, spanning a distance of 2000 km along the paleoshoreline. Our results suggest that the fossil record ofD. irisis consistent with no within-species net accumulation of phyletic evolutionary change across morphological traits or the lifetime of this species. Correlations between some traits and paleoenvironmental conditions as well as changes in the coefficient of variation may support limited population-scale ecophenotypic plasticity; however, where stratigraphic data are available, no directional changes in morphology occur before the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary. This is consistent with models of “dynamic” evolutionary stasis. Combined with knowledge of life-history traits and paleoecology of scaphitid ammonoids, specifically a short planktonic phase after hatching followed by transition to a nektobenthic adult stage, these data suggest that scaphitids had significant potential for rapid morphological change in conjunction with limited dispersal capacity. It is therefore likely that evolutionary mode in the Scaphitidae (and potentially across the broader ammonoid clade) follows a model of cladogenesis wherein a dynamic morphological stasis is periodically interrupted by more substantial evolutionary change at speciation events. Finally, the lack of temporal changes in our data suggest that global environmental changes had a limited effect on the morphology of ammonoid faunas during the latest Cretaceous.
CT coronary angiogram in children with Kawasaki patients: experience in 52 patients
Authors: Borhanuddin Boekhren K. , Abdul Latiff Haifa , Mohamed Yusof Ahmad K.
Published: June 2022

Background:

CT is an accepted non-invasive imaging tool to assess the coronary arteries in adults; however, its utilisation in children is limited by high heart rate and lack of standardised protocol. We sought to assess diagnostic quality and factors that affect image quality of CT in assessing coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki patients less than 18 years of age.

Methodology:

CT coronary angiography was performed on patients with Kawasaki disease diagnosed with coronary aneurysm or suspected to have coronary stenosis. Studies were performed using electrocardiogram-gated protocols. General anaesthesia was used in patients who were not cooperative for breathing control. Heart rate, image quality, and effective radiation dose were documented.

Results:

Fifty-two Kawasaki patients underwent CT coronary angiography to assess coronary artery lesions. Median heart rate was 88 beats per minute (range 50–165 beats/minute). Image quality was graded as excellent in 34 (65%) patients, good in 17 (32%), satisfactory in 1, and poor in 1 patient. Coronary artery aneurysm was found in 25 (bilateral = 6, unilateral = 19, multiple = 11). Thrombus was found in 11 patients resulting in partial and total occlusion in 8 and 3 patients, respectively. Coronary stenosis was noted in 2 patients. The effective radiation dose was 1.296 millisievert (median 0.81 millisievert). Better diagnostic imaging quality was significantly related to lower heart rate (p = 0.007).

Conclusion:

Electrocardiogram-triggered CT coronary angiography provides a good diagnostic assessment of coronary artery lesions in children with Kawasaki disease.
Kentridge’s Beckett
Authors: Taban Carla
Published: June 2022

The Centre for the Less Good Idea, founded by William Kentridge in Johannesburg, inaugurated its first season with four short plays by Samuel Beckett. Beckett is a productive point of reference for Kentridge, especially in his lecture-performances that reflect on the activity of making art in the studio.
What Are We Waiting For?
Authors: Novella Caro
Published: June 2022

Current debates in the field of socially engaged art dwell on the relational versus antagonist potentiality of performance for social change, while disability scholars and cancer activists call for performance that activates relationalities beyond individual/medical models. oncogrrrls proposes rehearsal as a liquid space for the joint creation of new cancer relations.
Chameleonic Survivalism
Authors: Ferro-Murray Ashley
Published: June 2022

Jaamil Olawale Kosoko’s work focuses on adaptability and survival. Kosoko’s April 2020 Chameleon (The Living Installments) exemplifies the importance of an individual artist’s responses to the Covid-19 moment, the historical imperative for hybrid in-person/online performance, how 21st-century liveness functions in performance, as well as political awareness of artist-centered approaches to curatorial practice.
A note on infectious disease, economic growth, and related government policy
Authors: Lu Chia-Hui
Published: June 2022

Introducing susceptible-infected-recovered epidemiology dynamics with vaccines into an endogenous growth model, we investigate the impact of government infectious disease policy on macroeconomic performance. We find that any expenditure that improves health, whether to reduce the contact rate or increase the recovery rate or the vaccination rate, and regardless of whether it comes directly from the households or the government, has a positive impact on economic growth, but does not necessarily improve the welfare. The reason people’s health has improved but their welfare has fallen is because government expenditures must be covered by taxes, which will reduce their disposable income and consumption.
High efficiency 35 GHz MMICs based on 0.2 μm AlGaN/GaN HEMT technology
Authors: Cankaya Akoglu Busra , Sutbas Batuhan , Ozbay Ekmel
Published: June 2022

In this paper, two high efficiency monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) are demonstrated using NANOTAM's in-houseKa-band fabrication technology. AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with 0.2${\rm \mu}$m gate lengths are characterized, and an output power density of 2.9 W/mm is achieved at 35 GHz. A three-stage driver amplifier MMIC is designed, which has a measured gain higher than 19.3 dB across the frequency band of 33–36 GHz. The driver amplifier exhibits 31.9 dB output power and 26.5% power-added efficiency (PAE) at 35 GHz using 20 V supply voltage with 30% duty cycle. Another two-stage MMIC is realized as a power amplifier with a total output gate periphery of 1.8 mm. The output power and PAE of the power amplifier are measured as 3.91 W and 26.3%, respectively, at 35 GHz using 20 V supply voltage with 30% duty cycle. The high efficiency MMICs presented in this paper exhibit the capabilities of NANOTAM's 0.2$\rm\mu$m AlGaN/GaN on SiC technology.
Spatial Trends and Drivers of Bedload and Suspended Sediment Fluxes in Global Rivers
Authors: Cohen Sagy , Syvitski Jaia , Ashley Thomas , Lammers Roderick , Fekete Balazs , Li Hong‐Yi
Published: June 2022

Bedload is notoriously challenging to measure and model; its dynamics, therefore, remains largely unknown in most fluvial systems worldwide. We present results from a global scale bedload flux model as part of the WBMsed modeling framework that well predict the distribution of water discharge, suspended sediment and bedload. The sensitivity of bedload predictions to river slope, particle size, discharge, river width, and suspended sediment were analyzed, showing the model to be most responsive to spatial dynamics in river discharge and slope. The relationship between bedload and total sediment flux is analyzed globally, and for representative longitudinal river profiles (Amazon, Mississippi, and Lena Rivers). The results show that while the proportion of bedload decreases from headwaters to the coasts, there is considerable variability between basins and along river corridors. The topographic and hydrological longitudinal profiles of rivers are shown to be the key drivers of bedload trends, with fluctuations in slope controlling its more local dynamics. Estimates of water and sediment fluxes to global oceans from 2,067 largest river outlets (draining 67% of the global continental area) are provided. Estimated water discharge at 30,579 km3/y corresponds well to past estimates; however, sediment flux is higher. Total global particulate load of 17.8 Gt/y is delivered to global oceans, 14.8 Gt/y as washload, 1.1 Gt/y as bedload, and 2.6 Gt/y as suspended bed material. The largest 25 rivers are predicted to transport more than half of the total sediment flux to global oceans.
Peeking at Peatlands: Satellite Data Fuel New Findings
Authors: Chakravorty Adityarup
Published: June 2022

Researchers are combining hard-to-get field measurements with satellite imagery to gain new insight into where peatlands are and how they work.
A Systems Approach to Remediating Human Exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride From Overexploited Aquifers
Authors: Knappett P. S. K. , Farias P. , Miller G. R. , Hoogesteger J. , Li Y. , Mendoza‐Sanchez I. , Woodward R. T. , Hernandez H. , Loza‐Aguirre I. , Datta S. , Huang Y. , Carrillo G. , Roh T. , Terrell D.
Published: June 2022

In semiarid agricultural regions, aquifers have watered widespread economic development. Falling water tables, however, drive up energy costs and can make the water toxic for human consumption. The study area is located in central Mexico, where arsenic and fluoride are widely present at toxic concentrations in well water. We simulated the holistic outcomes from three pumping scenarios over 100 years (2020–2120); (S1) pumping rates increase at a similar rate to the past 40 years, (S2) remain constant, or (S3) decrease. Under scenario S1, by 2120, the depth to water table increased to 426 m and energy consumption for irrigation increased to 4 × 109 kWh/yr. Arsenic and fluoride concentrations increased from 14 to 46 μg/L and 1.0 to 3.6 mg/L, respectively. The combined estimated IQ point decrements from drinking untreated well water lowered expected incomes in 2120 by 27% compared to what they would be with negligible exposure levels. We calculated the 100‐year Net Present Value (NPV) of each scenario assuming the 2020 average crop value to water footprint ratio of 0.12 USD/m3. Without drinking water mitigation, S1 and S3 yielded relative NPVs of −5.96 × 109 and 1.51 × 109 USD, respectively, compared to the base case (S2). The relative NPV of providing blanket reverse osmosis treatment, while keeping pumping constant (S2), was 11.55 × 109 USD and this gain increased when combined with decreased pumping (S3). If a high value, low water footprint crop was substituted (broccoli, 1.51 USD/m3), the net gains from increasing pumping were similar in size to those of implementing blanket drinking water treatment.
Accelerating Ice Loss From Peripheral Glaciers in North Greenland
Authors: Khan Shfaqat A. , Colgan William , Neumann Thomas A. , van den Broeke Michiel R. , Brunt Kelly M. , Noël Brice , Bamber Jonathan L. , Hassan Javed , Bjørk Anders A.
Published: June 2022

In recent decades, Greenland's peripheral glaciers have experienced large‐scale mass loss, resulting in a substantial contribution to sea level rise. While their total area of Greenland ice cover is relatively small (4%), their mass loss is disproportionally large compared to the Greenland ice sheet. Satellite altimetry from Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) and ICESat‐2 shows that mass loss from Greenland's peripheral glaciers increased from 27.2 ± 6.2 Gt/yr (February 2003–October 2009) to 42.3 ± 6.2 Gt/yr (October 2018–December 2021). These relatively small glaciers now constitute 11 ± 2% of Greenland's ice loss and contribute to global sea level rise. In the period October 2018–December 2021, mass loss increased by a factor of four for peripheral glaciers in North Greenland. While peripheral glacier mass loss is widespread, we also observe a complex regional pattern where increases in precipitation at high altitudes have partially counteracted increases in melt at low altitude.
Directly wireless communication of human minds via mind-controlled programming metasurface
Authors: Luo Xiangang
Published: June 2022

An concept of electromagnetic brain-computer-metasurface (EBCM), and remotely mindcontrolled metasurface (RMCM) via brainwaves is reported in eLight. Rather than DC voltage from power supply or AC voltages from signal generators, such metasurfaces are controlled by brainwaves collected in real time and can transmit information wirelessly between human brains. Such platforms can lead to a promising approach for the service of disabled people.
Establishment of combined diagnostic models of Alzheimer’s disease in a Chinese cohort: the Chongqing Ageing & Dementia Study (CADS)
Authors: Fan Dong-Yu , Jian Jie-Ming , Huang Shan , Li Wei-Wei , Shen Ying-Ying , Wang Zhen , Zeng Gui-Hua , Yi Xu , Jin Wang-Sheng , Liu Yu-Hui , Zeng Fan , Bu Xian-Le , Chen Li-Yong , Mao Qing-Xiang , Xu Zhi-Qiang , Yu Jin-Tai , Wang Jun , Wang Yan-Jiang
Published: June 2022

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are essential for the accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet their measurement levels vary widely across centers and regions, leaving no uniform cutoff values to date. Diagnostic cutoff values of CSF biomarkers for AD are lacking for the Chinese population. As a member of the Alzheimer’s Association Quality Control program for CSF biomarkers, we aimed to establish diagnostic models based on CSF biomarkers and risk factors for AD in a Chinese cohort. A total of 64 AD dementia patients and 105 age- and sex-matched cognitively normal (CN) controls from the Chongqing Ageing & Dementia Study cohort were included. CSF Aβ42, P-tau181, and T-tau levels were measured by ELISA. Combined biomarker models and integrative models with demographic characteristics were established by logistic regression. The cutoff values to distinguish AD from CN were 933 pg/mL for Aβ42, 48.7 pg/mL for P-tau181 and 313 pg/mL for T-tau. The AN model, including Aβ42 and T-tau, had a higher diagnostic accuracy of 89.9%. Integrating age and APOE ε4 status to AN model (the ANA’E model) increased the diagnostic accuracy to 90.5% and improved the model performance. This study established cutoff values of CSF biomarkers and optimal combined models for AD diagnosis in a Chinese cohort.
Pilot study of bempegaldesleukin in combination with nivolumab in patients with metastatic sarcoma
Authors: D’Angelo Sandra P. , Richards Allison L. , Conley Anthony P. , Woo Hyung Jun , Dickson Mark A. , Gounder Mrinal , Kelly Ciara , Keohan Mary Louise , Movva Sujana , Thornton Katherine , Rosenbaum Evan , Chi Ping , Nacev Benjamin , Chan Jason E. , Slotkin Emily K. , Kiesler Hannah , Adamson Travis , Ling Lilan , Rao Pavitra , Patel Shreyaskumar , Livingston Jonathan A. , Singer Samuel , Agaram Narasimhan P. , Antonescu Cristina R. , Koff Andrew , Erinjeri Joseph P. , Hwang Sinchun , Qin Li-Xuan , Donoghue Mark T. A. , Tap William D.
Published: June 2022

PD-1 blockade (nivolumab) efficacy remains modest for metastatic sarcoma. In this paper, we present an open-label, non-randomized, non-comparative pilot study of bempegaldesleukin, a CD122-preferential interleukin-2 pathway agonist, with nivolumab in refractory sarcoma at Memorial Sloan Kettering/MD Anderson Cancer Centers (NCT03282344). We report on the primary outcome of objective response rate (ORR) and secondary endpoints of toxicity, clinical benefit, progression-free survival, overall survival, and durations of response/treatment. In 84 patients in 9 histotype cohorts, all patients experienced ≥1 adverse event and treatment-related adverse event; 1 death was possibly treatment-related. ORR was highest in angiosarcoma (3/8) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (2/10), meeting predefined endpoints. Results of our exploratory investigation of predictive biomarkers show: CD8 + T cell infiltrates and PD-1 expression correlate with improved ORR; upregulation of immune-related pathways correlate with improved efficacy; Hedgehog pathway expression correlate with resistance. Exploration of this combination in selected sarcomas, and of Hedgehog signaling as a predictive biomarker, warrants further study in larger cohorts.
Effective lifting of the topological protection of quantum spin Hall edge states by edge coupling
Authors: Stühler R. , Kowalewski A. , Reis F. , Jungblut D. , Dominguez F. , Scharf B. , Li G. , Schäfer J. , Hankiewicz E. M. , Claessen R.
Published: June 2022

The scientific interest in two-dimensional topological insulators (2D TIs) is currently shifting from a more fundamental perspective to the exploration and design of novel functionalities. Key concepts for the use of 2D TIs in spintronics are based on the topological protection and spin-momentum locking of their helical edge states. In this study we present experimental evidence that topological protection can be (partially) lifted by pairwise coupling of 2D TI edges in close proximity. Using direct wave function mapping via scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) we compare isolated and coupled topological edges in the 2D TI bismuthene. The latter situation is realized by natural lattice line defects and reveals distinct quasi-particle interference (QPI) patterns, identified as electronic Fabry-Pérot resonator modes. In contrast, free edges show no sign of any single-particle backscattering. These results pave the way for novel device concepts based on active control of topological protection through inter-edge hybridization for, e.g., electronic Fabry-Pérot interferometry.
Regional and seasonal partitioning of water and temperature controls on global land carbon uptake variability
Authors: Wang Kai , Bastos Ana , Ciais Philippe , Wang Xuhui , Rödenbeck Christian , Gentine Pierre , Chevallier Frédéric , Humphrey Vincent W. , Huntingford Chris , O’Sullivan Michael , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Sitch Stephen , Piao Shilong
Published: June 2022

Global fluctuations in annual land carbon uptake (NEEIAV) depend on water and temperature variability, yet debate remains about local and seasonal controls of the global dependences. Here, we quantify regional and seasonal contributions to the correlations of globally-averaged NEEIAV against terrestrial water storage (TWS) and temperature, and respective uncertainties, using three approaches: atmospheric inversions, process-based vegetation models, and data-driven models. The three approaches agree that the tropics contribute over 63% of the global correlations, but differ on the dominant driver of the global NEEIAV, because they disagree on seasonal temperature effects in the Northern Hemisphere (NH, >25°N). In the NH, inversions and process-based models show inter-seasonal compensation of temperature effects, inducing a global TWS dominance supported by observations. Data-driven models show weaker seasonal compensation, thereby estimating a global temperature dominance. We provide a roadmap to fully understand drivers of global NEEIAV and discuss their implications for future carbon–climate feedbacks.
Intestinal stem cell aging signature reveals a reprogramming strategy to enhance regenerative potential
Authors: Nefzger Christian M. , Jardé Thierry , Srivastava Akanksha , Schroeder Jan , Rossello Fernando J. , Horvay Katja , Prasko Mirsada , Paynter Jacob M. , Chen Joseph , Weng Chen-Fang , Sun Yu B. Y. , Liu Xiaodong , Chan Eva , Deshpande Nikita , Chen Xiaoli , Li Y. Jinhua , Pflueger Jahnvi , Engel Rebekah M. , Knaupp Anja S. , Tsyganov Kirill , Nilsson Susan K. , Lister Ryan , Rackham Owen J. L. , Abud Helen E. , Polo Jose M.
Published: June 2022

The impact of aging on intestinal stem cells (ISCs) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we identified widespread epigenetic and transcriptional alterations in old ISCs. Using a reprogramming algorithm, we identified a set of key transcription factors (Egr1, Irf1, FosB) that drives molecular and functional differences between old and young states. Overall, by dissecting the molecular signature of aged ISCs, our study identified transcription factors that enhance the regenerative capacity of ISCs.
Genome-wide association study of musical beat synchronization demonstrates high polygenicity
Authors: Niarchou Maria , Gustavson Daniel E. , Sathirapongsasuti J. Fah , Anglada-Tort Manuel , Eising Else , Bell Eamonn , McArthur Evonne , Straub Peter ,   23andMe Research Team, Aslibekyan Stella , Auton Adam , Bell Robert K. , Bryc Katarzyna , Clark Sarah K. , Elson Sarah L. , Fletez-Brant Kipper , Fontanillas Pierre , Furlotte Nicholas A. , Gandhi Pooja M. , Heilbron Karl , Hicks Barry , Huber Karen E. , Jewett Ethan M. , Jiang Yunxuan , Kleinman Aaron , Lin Keng-Han , Litterman Nadia K. , McCreight Jey C. , McIntyre Matthew H. , McManus Kimberly F. , Mountain Joanna L. , Mozaffari Sahar V. , Nandakumar Priyanka , Noblin Elizabeth S. , Northover Carrie A. M. , O’Connell Jared , Pitts Steven J. , Poznik G. David , Shastri Anjali J. , Shelton Janie F. , Shringarpure Suyash , Tian Chao , Tung Joyce Y. , Tunney Robert J. , Vacic Vladimir , Wang Xin , McAuley J. Devin , Capra John A. , Ullén Fredrik , Creanza Nicole , Mosing Miriam A. , Hinds David A. , Davis Lea K. , Jacoby Nori , Gordon Reyna L.
Published: June 2022

Moving in synchrony to the beat is a fundamental component of musicality. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study to identify common genetic variants associated with beat synchronization in 606,825 individuals. Beat synchronization exhibited a highly polygenic architecture, with 69 loci reaching genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8) and single-nucleotide-polymorphism-based heritability (on the liability scale) of 13%–16%. Heritability was enriched for genes expressed in brain tissues and for fetal and adult brain-specific gene regulatory elements, underscoring the role of central-nervous-system-expressed genes linked to the genetic basis of the trait. We performed validations of the self-report phenotype (through separate experiments) and of the genome-wide association study (polygenic scores for beat synchronization were associated with patients algorithmically classified as musicians in medical records of a separate biobank). Genetic correlations with breathing function, motor function, processing speed and chronotype suggest shared genetic architecture with beat synchronization and provide avenues for new phenotypic and genetic explorations.
A harmonized chemical monitoring database for support of exposure assessments
Authors: Isaacs Kristin K. , Wall Jonathan T. , Williams Ashley R. , Hobbie Kevin A. , Sobus Jon R. , Ulrich Elin , Lyons David , Dionisio Kathie L. , Williams Antony J. , Grulke Christopher , Foster Caroline A. , McCoy Josiah , Bevington Charles
Published: June 2022

Direct monitoring of chemical concentrations in different environmental and biological media is critical to understanding the mechanisms by which human and ecological receptors are exposed to exogenous chemicals. Monitoring data provides evidence of chemical occurrence in different media and can be used to inform exposure assessments. Monitoring data provide required information for parameterization and evaluation of predictive models based on chemical uses, fate and transport, and release or emission processes. Finally, these data are useful in supporting regulatory chemical assessment and decision-making. There are a wide variety of public monitoring data available from existing government programs, historical efforts, public data repositories, and peer-reviewed literature databases. However, these data are difficult to access and analyze in a coordinated manner. Here, data from 20 individual public monitoring data sources were extracted, curated for chemical and medium, and harmonized into a sustainable machine-readable data format for support of exposure assessments.