bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Qué sabemos de la femvertising? Una revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Vandellos Emma , Villarroya Anna , Boté-Vericad Juan-José
Published: October 2023

El artículo presenta una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre la femvertising, esto es, la tendencia publicitaria que busca empoderar a la mujer y desafía a los estereotipos de género. Esta tendencia surge como respuesta a la demanda de la sociedad de que las marcas vinculen su propósito con la igualdad de género y diseñen comunicaciones persuasivas con las que las mujeres se sientan identificadas. El objetivo es desarrollar una revisión crítica de la literatura académica que sirva como base sólida para conocer las principales aproximaciones teóricas, temas recurrentes y debates sobre femvertising a partir del análisis de una selección final de 47 artículos científicos obtenidos principalmente de la explotación de las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus en el periodo 1960-2021. Entre los temas más recurrentes en femvertising, el artículo destaca la interseccionalidad, el deporte, la sexualidad femenina y las dimensiones de poder y muestra cómo, a medida que proliferan los anuncios de esta tendencia publicitaria, se abren nuevos debates sobre su autenticidad, su implicación con el feminismo, el impacto emocional que provoca y su relación con la responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC). Las autoras destacan la relevancia actual de la femvertising y acaban recomendando su uso, pese a su carácter ambivalente y comercial, como herramienta para contribuir a la erradicación de los estereotipos de género tradicionales y a la construcción de una mirada crítica en las personas consumidoras.
Legal regulation of materials and articles, intended for contact with food in the legislation of Ukraine and the EU
Authors: Burylo Yurii , Malyshev Oleksandr , Seleznova Olha , Lepish Nataliia , Samchenko Marta
Published: October 2023

The aim of the article is to assess Ukraine’s progress in the approximation of its administrative legislation on food contact materials and articles with the relevant EU law. The study has been carried out using the method of system analysis and synthesis, comparative legal method as well as historical legal method. It has been established that most of the legal requirements for food packaging materials in Ukraine have been brought in line with those of the EU. Similar to the EU Ukraine can now use such administrative regulatory instruments as the adoption of special requirements for certain groups of food packaging materials as well as the state registration (authorization) of substances that can be used in the manufacture of food packaging materials. At the same time, the conclusion is made that there are discrepancies between Ukraine’s legislation and the EU law regarding the recycling of plastic. These discrepancies can be explained by the fact that the EU has recently adopted new legislation, which is more comprehensive and addresses the recycling of plastics at the level of industrial technology, recycling processes and recycling equipment, whereas Ukraine’s national legislation is mainly focused on plastic recycling processes.
“Bebo, logo assisto?”: a inserção de bebidas alcoólicas em videoclipes de música pop. Um estudo na perspectiva transformativa do consumidor
Authors: Andrade Talita da Silva , Magalhães Nathiane Mayra Marques , Damascena Elielson Oliveira , Bezerra Thiago César Silva
Published: October 2023

Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar as estratégias publicitárias de inserção de bebidas alcoólicas em videoclipes, tanto nas imagens, quanto nas letras das músicas. Foram assistidos os 598 videoclipes que ficaram entre os dez primeiros do ranking “Hot 100” da Billboard durante a primeira década de existência do Youtube, verificando os ambientes em que são inseridas geralmente, as suas ligações com estímulos visuais e apelos, além dos tipos de merchandising utilizados na obra. Através das considerações que resultaram das análises, foi possível perceber que por não haver regulamentação destinada à internet, esses videoclipes associam livremente, por exemplo, o uso da bebida alcoólica ao sucesso social ou melhora de performance física. Foi possível identificar através das análises que apesar de conheceram o risco que esse tipo de publicidade pode causar a médio e longo prazo aos jovens, que são público-alvo desse formato alguns vídeos ainda são direcionados para crianças e adolescentes, que não são seu público-alvo. Apesar de mostrarem conhecimento dos possíveis malefícios que essas inserções podem causar a médio e longo prazo, a lógica do mercado e do marketing se sobressai e aparece em primeiro lugar nas suas prioridades
Retained Malecot’s Drain Tip after Percutaneous Drainage of Post-transplant Lymphocele: A Case Report
Authors: Anand Madhur , Rustagi Sanchit , Singh Uday Pratap , Lal Hira , Srivastava Aneesh
Published: October 2023

Percutaneous drains are commonly used to drain collections in surgical patients. The choice of drain can determine the potential complications. Herein, the authors presented a case of a 32- year-old female with a drain complication and its management in a posttransplant patient. The patient developed a post-transplant perigraft lymphocele and underwent drainage using Malecot’s catheter. However, during the removal of drain, the Malecot catheter accidentally broke, leaving the tip inside the perigraft region. To locate the tip, a non-contrast Computed Tomography (CT) scan was performed. Subsequently, the patient underwent a transperitoneal reexploration, successfully removing the tip. It was discovered that the catheter tip had ingrown tissue between the prongs, impeding its removal. It is crucial to exercise caution in such situations as Malecot catheters may sometimes have ingrown tissue between the prongs, hindering their removal.
Air Leak Conundrum following Oesophagectomy: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Agarwal Varun Kumar , Arnav Amiy , Sharma Rohit , Shankaran Ramakrishnan
Published: October 2023

Oesophagectomy is an established technique for treating oesophageal cancer. Pulmonary complications during the postoperative period can arise from intraoperative manipulation, thoracic structure injury, or anastomotic leaks. At our institution, it is standard practice to place a soft corrugated drain around the anastomosis in the neck to facilitate the drainage of any anastomotic leakage towards the skin. In this case report, a 55-year-old female underwent video-assisted oesophagectomy in the prone position after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. A corrugated drain was subsequently placed near the anastomosis site in the neck. On the third day postoperatively (POD 3), she developed a sudden pneumothorax and an air leak in the chest tube. Despite the placement of a second intercostal tube and normal findings on fibreoptic bronchoscopy, the air leak persisted. Unexpectedly, the air leak spontaneously ceased, and the lungs re-inflated after 24 hours. Upon analysis, it was discovered that the dressing over the neck drain, which had been changed on POD 3, did not completely cover the wound. This, combined with malpositioning, created a oneway valve effect, leading to pneumothorax. Therefore, the use of a corrugated neck drain following oesophagectomy may result in life-threatening pneumothorax and should either be airtight sealed with dressing or avoided.
Ameliorative Efficacy of Combined Betel and Tea Tree Essential Oil-Incorporated Cream on DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-like Symptoms in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Son Hoang Le , Nhi Nguyen Huynh Mai
Published: October 2023

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative efficacy of combined betel and tea tree essential oil-incorporated cream on DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in BALB/c mice.

Methodology: cream formulation containing blended betel essential oil (1%) and tea tree essential oil (0.5%) was topically applied onto the dorsal skin of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-sensitized BALB/c mice once a day during four weeks of assay. Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) and protopic (tacrolimus 0.1%) were used as negative and positive control, respectively. All mice were subjected to the assessment of AD-like symptoms including the severity of skin lesions, frequency of scratching behavior and histological features.

Results: The blended essential oil-incorporated cream has significant effect against DNCB-induced eczematous skin lesions in BALB/c mice with the dermatitis score of 2.17 ± 0.75 (n = 6, p < 0.05) and the number of scratching behavior of 6.09 ± 1.28 (n = 6, p < 0.05) compared to negative control (7.00 ± 0.63 and 18.55 ± 1.23, n = 6, p < 0.05, respectively). Animals treated showed dose-related improvements in the histology of the skin.

Conclusion: These findings confirmed the ameliorative efficacy of betel and tea tree essential oil-incorporated cream on DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis like symptoms in BALB/c mice. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the possible synergistic effect of blended essential oils from betel and tea tree as well as the interplaying roles of major molecules present in essential oils.
Ecology and Distribution Pattern of Insectivorous Plant in Sanjay Dubri Tiger Reserve Sidhi, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Yadav Vivek Kumar , Singh Diwakar , Singh A. P. , Shukla Hemangad
Published: October 2023

Some angiosperm flowering plants of the plant kingdom obtain essential nutrients for themselves by feeding on small arthropods similar to animals; they are called insectivorous or carnivorous plants. These are often found in such places where the soil is acidic, moist land/swamp and lacking nutrients. The presence of several species of insectivorous plants such as Drosera burmannii, Aldrovanda vesiculosa, Nipenthes rajah, Utricularia aurea and Pinguicula vulgeris has been reported in different sites in India. Drosera burmannii, Drosera indica and Utricularia aurea have also been reported in Sanjay Dubri Tiger Reserve Sidhi, Madhya Pradesh. The availability of insectivorous plants will prove helpful in the study of soil diversity, geographical structure, climatic environmental conditions. The presence of the specific plants species to create the special characteristics of the area as well as raise the question in mind to observed the association of specific types of insect species and some associated plant species linkage that are available here.
Attitudes towards Applied Technology in Healthcare amongst Medical Trainees: Insights from a Single-Institution Survey
Authors: Ch’en Peter Yi , Day Wesley , Arora Shitij , Lutz Carlo L. , Nazar Nijas , Jariwala Sunit P.
Published: October 2023

Objective: Given the rapid growth of digital health, training in healthcare technology principles amongst medical trainees is critical for improved patient care and future digital innovation. To better understand the need for training in certain principles in healthcare technology by assessing current interest in this area amongst a cohort of medical trainees at different stages of their education and in different disciplines (MD students, MD/PhD (MSTP) students, residents, fellows, graduate/PhD students, and postdocs).

Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study of medical trainees at a large, quaternary academic institution. Participant characteristic data was collected and descriptive statistics were generated to evaluate the association between trainee type, gender, and the year the survey was taken (2020 or Q4 2021), with metrics of interest.

Results: Analysis of 156 respondents showed residents/fellows preferred topical lectures as compared to graduate students/postdocs (75.0% yes versus 39.0% yes, p<.05), while graduate students/postdocs preferred intensive workshops as compared to residents/fellows (75.6% yes, 29.2% yes, p<.05). MD/MSTP students were more interested in a longitudinal curriculum than graduate students/postdocs (74.7% yes, 31.7% yes, p<.05). MD/MSTP students were more interested in product company creation than residents/fellows (36.3% yes, 0.0% yes, p<.05).

Discussion: The results of this study highlight the different interests across the multidisciplinary healthcare and innovation team. Each group of students has varied interests in training topics and delivery modality.

Conclusion: Our study findings support the call for structured integration of healthcare technology training into the curriculum for medical trainees and increased programming at all levels of training.
Impact of Long-Term Nutrient Management on Carbon Dynamics under Cluster Bean-Wheat Cropping System in Western Rajasthan, India
Authors: Kumawat Suresh , Kharia S. K. , Yadav S. R. , Shekhawat P. S. , Sharma Yogesh , Kumawat Sumitra , Yadav Bhagchand
Published: October 2023

A field experiment was started in 2008 under All India Co-ordinated Research Project- Soil Test Crop Response in western Rajasthan to study the long-term effects of nutrient management strategy using Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) approach on cluster bean– wheat cropping system. The present investigation indicated effects of organic compost and inorganic fertilizer as per soil test crop response approach basis on soil carbon dynamics. The treatments consisted of general recommended dose, target yield 15 q ha-1, target yield 15 q ha-1 with Integrated Plant Nutrient System (IPNS), target yield 20 q ha-1 and target yield 20 q ha-1 without Integrated Plant Nutrient System. The soil organic pools were studied after 9 years and it was found that the total C and its different pools of soil increased significantly under target yield 20 q ha-1 with IPNS. Active and passive pools (AP and PP) of carbon of soil increased significantly under target yield 20 q ha-1 with IPNS as compared to the target yield 15 and 20 q ha-1 treatments without IPNS and at par with target yield 15 q ha-1 with IPNS.  Carbon management index (CMI) and carbon stock (CS) increased significantly under target yield 20 q ha-1 with IPNS. It can be concluded that combined application of organic and inorganic nutrient in long term basis significantly enhance carbon sequestration rate, consequently soil quality.
Application of Florence Nightingale’s Theory in Cases of Pulmonary TB Fisherman and Smoked Fish Industry Communities
Authors: Darwis Darwis , Muzakkir  , Erviana  , Muzdalia Ika , Maharja Rizky
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The process of smoking fish in Indonesia was still carried out traditionally and can affect the fishermen and smoked fish industry communities who have pulmonary TB. This study aims to apply the Florence Nightingale Theory in cases of pulmonary TB fishermen and smoked fish industry communities.

Materials and Methods: This study used an analytic observational method with a case-control design. This study used non-probability sampling and purposive sampling techniques with the sample. The number of respondents was 106 consisting of 53 respondents in the case group and 53 respondents in the control group. The data obtained were then analyzed using Chi-Square.

Results: The environment exposed to smoke from smoking fish has a p-value of 0.001 with OR 3.718, smoking habit has a p-value of 0.034 with OR 2.842, and window opening habit has a p-value of 0.000 with OR 0.391. Whereas, occupancy density and cooking fuel have no influence on the incidence of pulmonary TB as evidenced by statistical tests with a p-value of >0.005

Conclusion: The incidence of pulmonary TB in fisherman and smoked fish industry communities is influenced by environment exposed to smoke from smoking fish and window opening habit. This is following the emphasis of Nightingale's environmental theory stating that pure air and lighting are included in the main components influencing the environment.
Early Metformin in Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Dunne Fidelma , Newman Christine , Alvarez-Iglesias Alberto , Ferguson John , Smyth Andrew , Browne Marie , O’Shea Paula , Devane Declan , Gillespie Paddy , Bogdanet Delia , Kgosidialwa Oratile , Egan Aoife , Finn Yvonne , Gaffney Geraldine , Khattak Aftab , O’Keeffe Derek , Liew Aaron , O’Donnell Martin
Published: October 2023

Importance

Gestational diabetes is a common complication of pregnancy and the optimal management is uncertain.

Objective

To test whether early initiation of metformin reduces insulin initiation or improves fasting hyperglycemia at gestation weeks 32 or 38.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 2 centers in Ireland (one tertiary hospital and one smaller regional hospital). Participants were enrolled from June 2017 through September 2022 and followed up until 12 weeks’ postpartum. Participants comprised 510 individuals (535 pregnancies) diagnosed with gestational diabetes based on World Health Organization 2013 criteria.

Interventions

Randomized 1:1 to either placebo or metformin (maximum dose, 2500 mg) in addition to usual care.

Main Outcomes And Measures

The primary outcome was a composite of insulin initiation or a fasting glucose level of 5.1 mmol/L or greater at gestation weeks 32 or 38.

Results

Among 510 participants (mean age, 34.3 years), 535 pregnancies were randomized. The primary composite outcome was not significantly different between groups and occurred in 150 pregnancies (56.8%) in the metformin group and 167 pregnancies (63.7%) in the placebo group (between-group difference, −6.9% [95% CI, −15.1% to 1.4%]; relative risk, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.78-1.02]; P = .13). Of 6 prespecified secondary maternal outcomes, 3 favored the metformin group, including time to insulin initiation, self-reported capillary glycemic control, and gestational weight gain. Secondary neonatal outcomes differed by group, with smaller neonates (lower mean birth weights, a lower proportion weighing >4 kg, a lower proportion in the >90% percentile, and smaller crown-heel length) in the metformin group without differences in neonatal intensive care needs, respiratory distress requiring respiratory support, jaundice requiring phototherapy, major congenital anomalies, neonatal hypoglycemia, or proportion with 5-minute Apgar scores less than 7.

Conclusion and relevance

Early treatment with metformin was not superior to placebo for the composite primary outcome. Prespecified secondary outcome data support further investigation of metformin in larger clinical trials.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02980276; EudraCT: 2016-001644-19
Long‐Term Infrared Stealth by Sandwich‐Like Phase‐Change Composites at Elevated Temperatures via Synergistic Emissivity and Thermal Regulation
Authors: Jing Jianwei , Liu Huan , Wang Xiaodong
Published: October 2023

The rapid development of infrared surveillance technologies has attracted great attention for scientists to design advanced functional materials with prominent infrared stealth and thermal camouflage effectiveness. In the current study, a sandwich‐like functional composite based on a crosslinked polyimide aerogel, a meso‐erythritol (mE)‐based phase‐change composite, and an MXene film has been developed to achieve long‐term thermal camouflage at elevated temperatures. In this composite system, the lower aerogel layer can act as a barrier to insulate heat transfer through its layer‐stacking structure under ultralow directional thermal conduction. The introduction of the middle phase‐change composite layer ensures that the composite system obtains a dynamical temperature‐regulation capability through sensible and latent heat absorption of mE as a phase change material, while the upper MXene layer provides a very low emissivity surface for the system. As a result, the developed composite achieves a significant reduction in the thermal radiation temperature of a high‐temperature target. Moreover, the MXene film exhibits good electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness, making the sandwich‐like composite obtain a thermal camouflage capability in various complicated scenarios. This work provides a promising approach for the design of advanced functional materials to realize long‐term infrared stealth and thermal camouflage of high‐temperature targets in security protection and counter‐surveillance.
Communicating Supraparticles to Enable Perceptual, Information‐Providing Matter
Authors: Reichstein Jakob , Müssig Stephan , Wintzheimer Susanne , Mandel Karl
Published: October 2023

Materials are the fundament of the physical world, whereas information and its exchange are the centerpieces of the digital world. Their fruitful synergy offers countless opportunities for realizing desired digital transformation processes in the physical world of materials. Yet, to date, a perfect connection between these worlds is missing. From the perspective, this can be achieved by overcoming the paradigm of considering materials as passive objects and turning them into perceptual, information‐providing matter. This matter is capable of communicating associated digitally stored information, for example, its origin, fate, and material type as well as its intactness on demand. Herein, the concept of realizing perceptual, information‐providing matter by integrating customizable (sub‐)micrometer‐sized communicating supraparticles (CSPs) is presented. They are assembled from individual nanoparticulate and/or (macro)molecular building blocks with spectrally differentiable signals that are either robust or stimuli‐susceptible. Their combination yields functional signal characteristics that provide an identification signature and one or multiple stimuli‐recorder features. This enables CSPs to communicate associated digital information on the tagged material and its encountered stimuli histories upon signal readout anywhere across its life cycle. Ultimately, CSPs link the materials and digital worlds with numerous use cases thereof, in particular fostering the transition into an age of sustainability.
NIR FRET Luminescence in Rhenium Complex and Dye Co‐Loaded Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Haye Lucie , Fayad Nour , Knighton Richard C. , Combes Antoine , Jeannin Olivier , Klymchenko Andrey , Gallavardin Thibault , Hildebrandt Niko , Charbonnière Loïc J. , Reisch Andreas
Published: October 2023

Photoactive transition‐metal complexes are luminophores combining high photostability and long luminescence lifetimes. However, reduced optical performance in aqueous solutions has limited their use in biological systems. Herein, the physicochemical and photophysical properties and bioimaging compatibility of Re diimine complexes and near‐infrared (NIR) emitting Cy5 dyes coencapsulated in polymer nanoparticles (NPs) are investigated. By varying the polymers, NPs with sizes from 20 to 70 nm and encapsulating ≤ 40 wt.% of Re complexes, i.e., ≈11 000 Re complexes per NP, are obtained. The photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields of the Re complexes increase eightfold to ≈50% upon encapsulation (vs 6–7% in acetonitrile), resulting in PL brightness up to 108 m−1 cm−1 and PL lifetimes of 3–4 µs. Coencapsulation of Cy5 yields very bright NIR emission upon Re complex excitation. Very close Re‐to‐Cy5 donor–acceptor distances down to ≤2 nm and FRET efficiencies over 90% are confirmed by PL lifetime measurements. The Re‐Cy5 NPs enter mammalian cells for high‐contrast PL imaging in both visible and NIR. This detailed characterization provides a better understanding of the photophysical properties of the transition‐metal‐dye FRET NPs and presents a vital step toward the efficient design of a new class of bright luminescent NP probes.
Nature‐Inspired Pressure Interactive Alternating Current Electroluminescent for Orientation Indication, Visual Sensing, and Remote Monitoring
Authors: Liu Yibin , Wang Ting , Sun Zhicheng , Liu Chenyang , Han Lu , Liu Ruping , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhou Yang
Published: October 2023

Most current visual pressure sensing devices are greatly limited by less integrated functions. To address this issue, a multi‐dimensional pressure interactive visual monitoring device is proposed based on the temperature and humidity adaptive hydrogel. Specifically, this device is composed of a buffer grid layer that divides it into pressure sensing and luminous display areas. With a double network structure incorporated with a LiBr liquid, the pressure sensing area demonstrates great deformability, resilience, and self‐absorption. In a dynamic mode, the best pressure can be detected at high humidity and low temperature, displaying a range of up to 45 N and offering feedback at a minimum load of 0.25 N. Importantly, the performance of the device remains excellent even after the dynamic compression repeating over 1300 cycles. In static mode, MPI‐ACEL achieves a delay time of up to 390 min. Finally, it is anticipated that this multifunctional device will provide a new, flexible, and effective scheme for visual pressure sensing, environmental adaptive directional indication, and multi‐dimensional remote monitoring.
Nonreciprocal Electromagnetic Wave Manipulation via a Single Reflection
Authors: Wang Lu
Published: October 2023

Electromagnetic field manipulation plays a key role in applications such as electron acceleration, nonlinear light–matter interaction, and radiation engineering. Nonreciprocal materials, such as Weyl semimetals, enable the manipulation of the electromagnetic field in a full photonic manner, owing to their intrinsic time‐reversal symmetry breaking, leading to asymmetric material response for photons with and momenta. Herein, the results suggest that a simple planar interface between semi‐infinite air and a nonreciprocal material can achieve spatiotemporal manipulation of the electromagnetic field. In particular, this work presents three compelling scenarios for electromagnetic wave manipulation: radiation pattern redistribution (with closed‐form expressions provided), carrier‐envelope‐phase control, and spatial profile control. The presented results pave the way for electromagnetic field manipulation using pattern‐free nonreciprocal materials.
Continuous‐Wave Operation of 457 nm InGaN Laser Diodes with Etched Facet Mirrors for On‐Chip Photonics
Authors: Genc Muhammet , Zubialevich Vitaly Z. , Hazarika Abhinandan , Parbrook Peter J. , Corbett Brian , Li Zhi
Published: October 2023

The success of silicon photonics is sparking widespread interest in photonic integrated circuits at visible light wavelengths using SiN and other waveguiding platforms. Compact active circuits desire the heterogeneous integration of GaN‐based laser diodes. Herein, the optimization of smooth and vertical facets is reported using a combination of inductively coupled plasma etching followed by wet etching with a tetramethylammonium hydroxide‐based solution. Facet quality for concave‐, flat‐, and convex‐shaped structures surrounding the mirror is compared. Convex‐shaped structures result in the highest facet quality due to the evolution of the crystal plane‐dependent etching. 2 μm‐wide ridge waveguide, etched facet Fabry–Pérot cavity lasers with length of 1.5 mm emitting at 457 nm are realized using the optimized process. The lasers deliver up to 28 mW of optical power at 250 mA under continuous wave with slope efficiency of 0.26 W A−1 and lasing threshold current density of 4.6 kA cm−2.
Palladium Catalysis: Dependence of the Efficiency of C−C Bond Formation on Carboxylate Ligand and Alkali Metal Carboxylate or Carboxylic Acid Additive. Part B: The Hydro(hetero)arylation, Hydroalkenylation and Hydroalkylation Reactions
Authors: Muzart Jacques
Published: October 2023

The efficiency of the formation of C−C bonds under palladium catalysis often depends on the nature of the carboxylate ligand and carboxylic acids or alkali metal carboxylates additives. This review which is Part B of a trilogy devoted to the topic, highlights the influence of the carboxylate unit on the hydro(hetero)arylation, hydroalkenylation and hydroalkylation reactions. The plausible reaction mechanisms are presented with, as far as possible, personal comments.
Palladium Catalysis: Dependence of the Efficiency of C−C Bond Formation on Carboxylate Ligand and Alkali Metal Carboxylate or Carboxylic Acid Additive. Part C: The Domino Diarylation and Annelation Reactions
Authors: Muzart Jacques
Published: October 2023

The efficiency of the formation of C−C bonds under palladium catalysis often depends on the nature of the carboxylate ligand and carboxylic acids or alkali metal carboxylates additives. This review which is Part C of a trilogy devoted to the topic, highlights the influence of the carboxylate units on domino diarylation and annelation reactions. The plausible reaction mechanisms are presented with, as far as possible, personal comments.
Arf1 Ablation in Colorectal Cancer Cells Activates a Super Signal Complex in DC to Enhance Anti‐Tumor Immunity
Authors: Ma Handong , Fang Wanqi , Li Qiaoming , Wang Yuetong , Hou Steven X.
Published: October 2023

The anti‐tumor immune response relies on interactions among tumor cells and immune cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which tumor cells regulate DCs as well as DCs regulate T cells remain enigmatic. Here, the authors identify a super signaling complex in DCs that mediates the Arf1‐ablation‐induced anti‐tumor immunity. They find that the Arf1‐ablated tumor cells release OxLDL, HMGB1, and genomic DNA, which together bound to a coreceptor complex of CD36/TLR2/TLR6 on DC surface. The complex then is internalized into the Rab7‐marked endosome in DCs, and further joined by components of the NF‐κB, NLRP3 inflammasome and cGAS‐STING triple pathways to form a super signal complex for producing different cytokines, which together promote CD8+ T cell tumor infiltration, cross‐priming and stemness. Blockage of the HMGB1‐gDNA complex or reducing expression in each member of the coreceptors or the cGAS/STING pathway prevents production of the cytokines. Moreover, depletion of the type I IFNs and IL‐1β cytokines abrogate tumor regression in mice bearing the Arf1‐ablated tumor cells. These findings reveal a new molecular mechanism by which dying tumor cells releasing several factors to activate the triple pathways in DC for producing multiple cytokines to simultaneously promote DC activation, T cell infiltration, cross‐priming and stemness.
Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Memristors with Gate‐Tunable Functions Operating at Low‐Switching Electric Fields
Authors: Rogdakis Konstantinos , Chatzimanolis Konstantinos , Psaltakis George , Tzoganakis Nikolaos , Tsikritzis Dimitris , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Kymakis Emmanuel
Published: October 2023

Crossbar circuits based on two terminal (2T) memristors typically require an additional unit such as a transistor for individual node selection. A memristive device with gate‐tunable synaptic functionalities will not only integrate selection functionality at the cell level but can also lead to enriched on‐demand learning schemes. Here, a three‐terminal (3T) mixed‐halide perovskite memristive device with gate‐tunable synaptic functions operating at low potentials is demonstrated. The device operation is controlled by both the drain (VD) and gate (VG) potentials, with an extended endurance of >2000 cycles and a state retention of >5000 s. Applying a voltage (Vset) of 20 V across the 50 µm channel switches its conductance from a high‐resistance state (HRS) to a low‐resistance state (LRS). A memristive switching mechanism is proposed that is supported by current injection models through a Schottky barrier and Kelvin probe force microscopy data. The simultaneous application of a VG potential is found to further modulate the channel conductance and reduce the operating Vset to 2 V, thus requiring a low electric field of 400 V cm−1, which is by a factor of 50× less compared to state‐of‐the‐art literature reports. Gate‐tunable retention, endurance, and synaptic functionalities are demonstrated, further highlighting the beneficial effect of VG on device operation.
Phosphorus‐Alkynyl Functionalized Covalent Triazine/Heptazine‐Based Frameworks for High‐Performance Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Wang Cong , Qiu Tian‐Yu , Zhao Ying‐Nan , Lang Zhong‐Ling , Li Yang‐Guang , Su Zhong‐Min , Tan Hua‐Qiao
Published: October 2023

Identifying high‐efficiency photocatalysts for producing hydrogen peroxide from H2O and O2 is a promising yet challenging research direction for achieving solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion and storage. Herein, 14 experimentally feasible 2D covalent triazine/heptazine‐based frameworks (CTFs/CHFs) are constructed with phosphorus‐alkynyl/phosphorus‐alkynyl‐phenyl functional moieties through topological assembly and four promising visible‐light‐driven photocatalysts for H2O2 production from H2O and O2 via first‐principles computations are filtered out: CTF‐1 based on triazine and phosphorus‐acetylene, CTF‐2 based on triazine and phosphorus‐diacetylene, CHF‐1 based on heptazine and phosphorus‐acetylene, and CHF‐2 based on heptazine and phosphorus‐diacetylene. The computational results show that introducing electron‐rich phosphorus‐alkynyl moieties into CTFs/CHFs can effectively modulate their electronic structures, provide sufficient driving force for water oxidation, and facilitate O2 adsorption and activation, thereby significantly boosting the overall photocatalytic process. Among them, CHF‐1 and CHF‐2 exhibit the highest photocatalytic activity for H2O2 production at pH 7, and their ideal solar‐to‐chemical conversion (SCC) efficiency for H2O2 generation are theoretically estimated to be 26.06% and 35.37%, respectively, implying their great promise as photocatalysts for industrialized production of H2O2. The work presents a promising way for rationally designing and developing novel photocatalysts for H2O2 production, and provides new inspiration and reference for experimental research in this field.
High‐Performance and Durable Rotational Triboelectric Nanogenerator Leveraging Soft‐Contact Coplanar Charge Pumping Strategy
Authors: Lv Shaobo , Li Hongyun , Xie Yiyuan , Zhang Binbin , Liu Bochao , Yang Jin , Guo Hengyu , Yang Zhengbao , Lin Zhiming
Published: October 2023

The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) represents a burgeoning approach for harvesting ambient mechanical energy. However, practical applications suffer from the issues of insufficient charge density and material abrasion. Here, a rotational TENG that attains exceptional output performance and durability in mechanical energy harvesting and couples an ingenious coplanar charge pump by soft contact with a suspended electrostatic induction mode is presented. Thanks to the continuous and synchronous charge injection from the central charge pumping unit, the charge density can be up to 74.62 µC m−2, resulting in an outstanding peak power density of 20.72 W m−2. Moreover, the utilization of yielding polyester fur in the charge pumping unit as a tribo‐layer for soft contact decreases the material abrasion and then enhances durability and robustness. And the experimental results show that the TENG can maintain 99.2% electrical output after 100 000 operating cycles. With the optimized design, the prototype can continuously drive four commercial lamps rated 12 W in series. Furthermore, a wireless powering system is demonstrated to power the electronics, demonstrating an extensive application of the TENG. Given the compelling characteristics, this work is expected to provide a sound strategy for improving TENGs’ output and durability in the field of self‐powered sensor systems.
Effect of seed on synthesis of binder‐free mordenite for dimethyl ether carbonylation
Authors: Zhi Yaqiong , Wang Yaquan , Liu Wenrong , Lu Jiaxin , Shi Mingxue , Wu Shuhui , Bu Lingzhen , Yang Mengyao , Wang Zhiqiang , Sang Juncai , Guo Niandong , Chu Kailiang , Huang Yitong , Qu Liping
Published: October 2023

A series of binder‐free mordenite (MOR) zeolites were successfully prepared by hydrothermal conversion of shaped precursors containing aluminosilicate and MOR seeds. In the synthesis of seed crystals, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as a crystal growth inhibitor as well as a pore filler to adjust the morphology and introduce mesoporous pores. As a result, large aggregates, assembled nanosheets, and flowers‐like MOR were successfully synthesized with these MOR seeds. The effect of seed morphology on the performance of the binder‐free MOR was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption–desorption, and NH3‐TPD characterization techniques. It was found that the mesopore volume of formed MOR was positively correlated with those of the seeds. The synthesized binder‐free MOR showed high activity (0.28 g methyl acetate gcat−1 h−1), 100% selectivity, and high stability in dimethyl ether (DME) carbonylation to methyl acetate, which can be attributed to the larger surface area and more mesopores. The synthesis of MOR nano‐assemblies via this cost‐effective strategy has a wide range of potential applications.
Effect of phosphonium‐based ionic liquids on the structuration and physical properties of LIonomers
Authors: Hou Liutong , Gérard Jean‐François , Livi Sébastien , Duchet‐Rumeau Jannick
Published: October 2023

In this study, LIonomers families based on phosphonium ILs have been successfully developed. These LIonomers are designed from the combination of various phosphonium‐based ionic liquids (PhILs) with different counter anions including tetradecyl (trihexyl) phosphonium bis (2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl) phosphinate (P+TMP), tributyl (ethyl) phosphonium diethyl phosphate (P+DEP), trihexyl (tetradecyl) phosphonium chloride (P+Cl) and trihexyl (tetradecyl) phosphonium acetate (P+Ac). Here, the interactions between maleic anhydride groups (MA) of the maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (PPgMA) and PhILs within LIonomers have been investigated by NMR, whose intensity depends on the chemical nature of cation/anion pairs. Then, viscosity in the molten state was considered as a probe of the interaction intensity between polar groups of grafted polypropylenes and the phosphonium cation. The proper one can be tuned from the nature (P+TMP vs. P+Ac vs. P+Cl), from the steric hindrance, that is, relevant to the conformation of PhILs (P+DEP vs. P+TMP / P+Ac / P+Cl), and by MA content, as well as the extent of generated ionic chains from polar groups of matrices as “head” and associated anion/cation pairs. The effect of these generated ionic interactions on crystallization process and mechanical properties had been also investigated by DSC in non‐isothermal conditions, and tensile tests. Depending of the steric hindrance of the phosphonium ILs playing a key role on the interactions with PPgMA chains, an increase of the ductility versus a plasticizing effect can be obtained as function of the targeted applications.
Using regional‐scale predictive habitat models to assess protection and identify potential locations for additional management or monitoring for a species of conservation interest
Authors: Langton Rebecca , Stirling David , Boulcott Philip
Published: October 2023

Marine protected areas (MPAs) and associated management measures are being implemented to conserve marine benthic species. To make effective decisions, marine managers need data on the distributions of species of interest and anthropogenic pressures, but also the potential connectivity between habitat patches.

To explore how predictive modelling can be utilized in such a process, a model was developed to predict the distribution of northern sea fan,Swiftia pallida, habitat around parts of Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Ireland.

The predicted distribution of suitable habitat was compared with spatial data on mobile bottom‐contacting fishing activity, and the location of MPAs designated for benthic features, and the management measures within MPAs that restrict mobile bottom‐contacting fishing activity, which is the main pressure‐causing activity thatS. pallidaare sensitive to.

Over 20% of predicted suitable habitat is within MPAs, over 10% is within MPA management measures and over 48% is within areas that have experienced no bottom contacting‐fishing activity, which is significantly higher than the equivalent values for the study region as a whole. However, patches were identified that potentially experience above average levels of fishing activity and remain unmanaged, including within MPAs designated for associated features. The analysis also highlighted patches that could be candidates for monitoring recovery and the locations of unknown populations.

For each patch of suitable habitat, the number of other patches within 22 km, a previously published estimate of dispersal distance forS. pallida, was used as a proxy for connectedness. Connectedness was estimated to be greatest for patches towards the centre and west of the study region.

The results indicate how the outputs of predictive distribution models can be used in conjunction with other data to prioritize areas for surveys and identify locations where effective management may facilitate conservation or the recovery of benthic species.
State estimation for a class of nonlinear non‐Gaussian cyber–physical systems under false data injection attacks
Authors: Miao Kelei , Yan Zejun , Chen Yourong , Yin Shu , Zhang Wen‐An , Han Meng
Published: October 2023

In this article, we consider the state estimation problem for nonlinear cyber–physical systems with non‐Gaussian process noises under actuator false data injection attacks from the perspective of defenders. The process noises and actuator false data injection attacks herein are regarded as non‐Gaussian noises. Then, the prior density of the state is considered as a sum of Gaussians with unknown covariance matrixes. The partial variational Bayesian method is applied to approximate the unknown covariance matrixes, and the unscented Gaussian sum filter is used for state estimation as well as decreasing the computing complexity. Finally, some simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed state estimation method.
Actinide‐Pnictide Chemistry: A Uranium Primary Alkyl Stibinide and a Diuranium Hexaantimonide‐Tetralithium Zintl Cluster
Authors: Rookes Thomas M. , Balázs Gábor , Gardner Benedict M. , Wooles Ashley J. , Scheer Manfred , Liddle Stephen T.
Published: October 2023

Structurally characterised U−Sb bonds are rare. Here, the synthesis and characterisation of [U(TrenDMBS){Sb(H)C(H)(SiMe3)2}] (5, TrenDMBS=N(CH2CH2NSiMe2But)3) and [{U(TrenTIPS)}2{Sb3(μ6‐Li)(μ‐Li[THF]2)3Sb3}] (6, TrenTIPS=N(CH2CH2NSiPri3)3) are reported. Complex 5 is an unprecedented primary stibinide actinide complex and 6 can be formulated as containing a unique triple decker 20 skeletal‐electron distorted closo tricapped Zintl cluster (Sb3Li4Sb3)2− that is analogous to the D3h closo tricapped trigonal prism form of [Ge9]2−. Quantum chemical calculations emphasise polar U−Sb bonding in 5 and 6, and that viewing (Sb3Li4Sb3)2− as a single unit rather than two distinct but contiguous (Sb3)3− units, themselves unprecedented in molecular actinide chemistry, is valid due to the presence of three weak (Sb3)⋯(Sb3) (3, −1)‐bond critical points. Complexes 5 and 6 highlight the challenges of preparing polar U−Sb bonds and the underlying tendency for unpredictable cluster formation with Sb.
Pityriasis rubra pilaris following administration of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine
Authors: Kondo Shumpei , Ogura Yasuaki , Ohtsuka Masaki , Tokura Yoshiki
Published: October 2023

Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare, chronic, inflammatory dermatosis characterized by follicular, hyperkeratotic papules and palmoplantar keratoderma at any age. The exact etiology of the disease remains unknown, but it can be triggered by multiple factors and genetic backgrounds. Here, we describe a case of PRP occurring after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. While the vaccination is generally safe, it should be kept in mind that PRP may be evoked by SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination for early recognition of the cause and prognosis of the patients.
Bacterial communities in residential wastewater treatment plants are physiologically adapted to high concentrations of quaternary ammonium compounds
Authors: Chacon Luz , Rojas‐Jimenez Keilor , Arias‐Andres Maria
Published: October 2023

Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) widely used as the active ingredient of disinfectants. Its excessive discharge into wastewater is constant and in high concentrations, likely affecting the physiology of microbial communities. We compared the physiological community profile of activated sludge (AS) bacteria with and without prior in vitro exposure to a high concentration of BAC (10 mg L−1). We measured the community functional diversity, carbon substrate multifunctionality, and the median effective concentration that inhibits carbon respiration (EC50) using Biolog EcoPlates supplemented with a gradient of 0–50 mg L−1 of BAC. Surprisingly, we did not find significant differences in the physiological parameters among treatments. Certain abundant bacteria, including Pseudomonas, could explain the community's tolerance to high concentrations of BAC. We suggest that bacterial communities in wastewater treatment plants’ AS are “naturally” adapted to BAC due to frequent and high‐dose exposure. We highlight the need to understand better the effects of QACs in wastewater, their impact on the selection of tolerant groups, and the alteration in community metabolic profiles.
Avelumab treatment for patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma can be safely stopped after 1 year and a PET/CT–confirmed complete response
Authors: Zijlker Lisanne P. , Levy Sonja , Wolters Wendy , van Thienen Johannes V. , van Akkooi Alexander C. J. , Tesselaar Margot E. T.
Published: October 2023

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment of patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (mMCC) has shown high response rates, ranging from 33% to 73%. The ideal duration of treatment, however, is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate if avelumab treatment for mMCC can be safely stopped after 1 year of treatment and a complete response (CR) confirmed by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG‐PET/CT) imaging.

Methods

Patients who received more than one dose of avelumab treatment for mMCC between November 2017 and February 2022 were included in this study. Treatment was discontinued in case of a FDG‐PET/CT confirmed CR after 1 year (26 cycles) of avelumab or a CR and unacceptable toxicity earlier. The primary end point was recurrence‐free survival (RFS).

Results

Sixty‐five patients were included: 25 (38%) had a FDG‐PET/CT–confirmed CR at discontinuation of avelumab. In those 25 patients, reasons for discontinuation of treatment were completion of 1 year of treatment in 13 (52%), toxicity in five (20%), and patient preference in seven (28%). Median duration of treatment in this group was 11 months (interquartile range, 6.1–11.7). Median follow‐up was 27 months (interquartile range, 15.8–33.8). The 12‐month RFS was 88% (95% CI, 0.74–1) and median RFS was not reached. Two patients (8%) had a recurrence at 4 and 7 months after discontinuation of treatment.

Conclusions

Patients with mMCC who acquire a CR on PET/CT imaging appear to have durable responses after discontinuation of treatment after 1 year.