bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cinematic Visual Representation of Refugee Journeys in Turkey in the Context of Precarious Class Dynamics
Authors: Arda Balca
Published: January 2020

In this article, I comparatively analyse the imagery of precarious class through the narration of refugee journeys in Turkey for two different films, with an emphasis on the visuality of cinematic narration. Whilst The Guest Aleppo to Istanbul (2017) by Andaç Haznedaroğlu and More by Onur Saylak certainly offer different portrayals of refugees in Turkey, both reflect on the precarious class dynamics in the context of migration and reveal the complex interplay of citizenship, meritocracy and suffering. By focusing on precarious status, these fictional representations illustrate that the incoming non-citizens provide the opportunity of self-reflexibility for the host community members and expose the fragility of the border between the citizen-self and the refugee. I contend that such distinct comparative portrayals encompassing precarity instead of humanity, as common ground between host and new arrival populations, necessarily requires drawing upon a broader literature on the human conditions for politics of justice rather than pity.
Beyond Emigrant Voting: Consultation as a Mechanism of Political Incorporation from Abroad OR not all Emigrant Consultative Bodies are Born the Same
Authors: Palop-García Pau , Pedroza Luicy
Published: January 2020

The scholarship on political transnationalism aims to understand how and why emigrants keep relevant political ties with their state of origin as well as cultivate new ones with their country of residence. Through the multiple formal shapes that such political ties can adopt, much has been written on the electoral channel, neglecting other important formal mechanisms of political participation from abroad. In this short paper we contribute to the study of one such mechanism: consultative bodies of emigrant affairs. Looking at an entire world region -Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)- we compare the creation of such consultative bodies to the adoption of electoral rights and account for the main characteristics of consultative bodies, creating a typology of them along on two dimensions: independence from governmental authorities and degree of entitlement in the policy-making process. This work aims to set the ground for and encourage further comparative large-N and in-depth case studies that will contribute to better understand the possibilities that emigrant consultative bodies open for emigrant participation.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Politics, Policies and Diplomacy of Diaspora Governance: New Directions in Theory and Research
Authors: Baser Ozturk Bahar , Hoyo Henio
Published: January 2020

This special issue entitled “Politics, Policies and Diplomacy of Diaspora Governance: New Directions in Theory and Research” is a result of a workshop organised by Dr Bahar Baser (Coventry University, UK) and Dr Henio Hoyo (CIDE and UDEM, Mexico) at the Freud Museum on December 6, 2018, and funded by the British Academy / Newton Mobility Grant. Throughout the workshop, diaspora scholars from various fields explored diaspora politics and policies from a variety of perspectives with a special focus on home state policies towards mobilising diasporas. A central theme that has emerged throughout the discussions was the ascending importance of diasporas as non-state actors in international relations and the multifaceted relationships they form with their home and host states as well as other non-governmental organisations. The special issue contains case studies from different parts of the world, from Latin America to the Balkans, from Africa to the Middle East, revealing that there is a growing global trend of engaging diasporas to complex policy mechanisms at home and abroad.
MicroRNA-21 maintains hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis through sustaining the NF-κB signaling pathway in mice
Authors: Mengjia Hu  , Yukai Lu  , Hao Zeng  , Zihao Zhang  , Shilei Chen  , Yan Qi  , Yang Xu  , Fang Chen  , Yong Tang  , Mo Chen  , Changhong Du  , Mingqiang Shen  , Fengchao Wang  , Yongping Su  , Song Wang  , Junping Wang
Published: January 2020

Long-term hematopoietic output is dependent on hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis which is maintained by a complex molecular network. Among these, microRNAs play crucial roles, while the underlying molecular basis has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that miR-21 is enriched in murine HSCs, and mice with conditional knockout of miR-21 exhibit an obvious perturbation in normal hematopoiesis. Moreover, significant loss of HSC quiescence and long-term reconstituting ability are observed in the absence of miR-21. Further studies reveal that miR-21 deficiency markedly decreases the NF-κB pathway, accompanied by increased expression of PDCD4, a direct target of miR-21, in HSCs. Interestingly, overexpression of PDCD4 in wild-type HSCs generates similar phenotypes as those of miR-21-deficient HSCs. More importantly, knockdown of PDCD4 can significantly rescue the attenuation of NF-κB activity, thereby improving the defects in miR-21-null HSCs. On the other hand, we find that miR-21 is capable of preventing HSCs from ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage via activation of the NF-κB pathway. Collectively, our data demonstrate that miR-21 is involved in maintaining HSC homeostasis and function, at least in part, by regulating the PDCD4-mediated NF-κB pathway and provide a new insight into the radioprotection of HSCs.
Therapeutic Application of Botulinum Toxin among Patients suffering from Neurological Diseases: Bangladesh Situation
Authors: Shahi Selim
Published: January 2020

Abstract not available

Journal of Science Foundation 2019;17(1):1-2
Dukungan Keluarga dalam Pencegahan Kejadian Multidrug Resistence pada Pasien Tuberculosis
Authors: Kristinawati Beti , Rahmawati Siti
Published: January 2020

Pengobatan Tuberculosis yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan terjadinya resistensi obat atau multidrug resistant. Dukungan keluarga dibutuhkan dalam pengobatan dan perawatan pasien Tuberkulosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan pencegahan kejadian multidrug resistence pada pasien Tuberculosis. Metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain diskriptif korelatif melalui pendekatan cross sectional digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Responden yang dilibatkan adalah seluruh pasien Tuberkulosis di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sangkrah dan Pajang yang berhasil dalam pengobatan dan tidak mengalami multidrug resistance sebanyak 48 responden. Hasil penelitian didapatkan ada hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan pencegahan kejadian multidrug resistence dengan nilai signifikansi p sebesar 0,026 dan  dukungan emosional merupakan bentuk dukungan paling tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 18,04.
Analisis Three Factor Fama and French Model terhadap Return pada Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia (ISSI) Periode 2011-2014
Authors: Komara Esi Fitriani , Febrian Erie , Anwar Mokhamad
Published: January 2020

Abstract: 3FF is a better model than CAPM. But this model is still new, so it still needs empirical evidence. Then this model still needs to be proven in Indonesia. ISSI consists of all Indonesian sharia shares listed on the IDX and DES. So the purpose of this study was to analyze the three FF factors on return on ISSI. The sampling technique is purposive sampling so that 142 issuers are obtained. This research method is an associative quantitative study using panel data regression in data processing. The research results partially market returns affect the return, while firm size and BE / ME do not affect the return. However simultaneously the three FF factors can influence the return. This shows that the three FF factors can estimate return on ISSI. So that suggestions for companies that are sampled always improve the company's financial performance in order to increase the value of the company so that stock prices are high. Keywords: Three Factor Fama and French Model Abstrak: 3FF merupakan model yang lebih baik dibandingkan CAPM. Tetapi model ini masih baru, sehingga masih perlu bukt-bukti empiris. Kemudian model ini masih perlu dibuktikan di Indonesia. ISSI terdiri dari seluruh saham syariah Indonesia yang tercatat di BEI dan DES. Sehingga Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis ketiga factor FF terhadap return pada ISSI. Teknik pengambilan sampelnya  yaitu purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh 142 emiten. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif asosiatif dengan mengunakan regresi data panel dalam pengolahan datanya. Hasil penelitian secara parsial return market berpengaruh terhadap return, sedangkan firm size dan BE/ME tidak berpengaruh terhadap return. Walaupun demikian secara simultan ketiga factor FF dapat berpengaruh terhadap return.  Hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa tiga factor FF dapat mengestimasi return di ISSI. Sehingga saran bagi perusahaan yang dijadikan sampel selalu meningkatkan kinerja keuangan perusahaan agar dapat meningkatkan nilai perusahaan sehingga harga saham tinggi.  Katakunci: Model Tiga Faktor Fama and French
Conclusion
Authors: Hatlebrekke Kjetil Anders
Published: January 2020

This book argues that intelligence is secretly generated wisdom beyond the limits of formal reasoning that makes uncertain estimates less uncertain, and that consequently generates political, strategic and operational advantages over adversaries. However, an acknowledgement of intelligence as art and the use of critical rationalism cannot solve the problem of induction. It only reduces the problem, since humans can never free themselves from their own history and experiences. Critical rationalism can therefore be understood as critical induction, and hence illustrates how thinking, and therefore decisions, are shaped by each person’s history and experiences. It is in this spirit of humility and self-awareness that intelligence as art must be understood. Intelligence is not static. It cannot provide facts, and it cannot increase certainty. Intelligence can only make uncertain estimates less uncertain, and can therefore only decrease uncertainty. It is this understanding of the limitations of intelligence that constitutes the strengths of intelligence, ensuring an understanding of intelligence as the art that seeks to comprehend and describe threats that appear in new variations and thus beyond the limits of inductive logic.
Intermedial Dialogues
Authors: Schmid Marion
Published: January 2020

Casting fresh light on one of the most important movements in film history, Intermedial Dialogues: The French New Wave and the Other Arts is the first comprehensive study of the New Wave's relationship with the older arts. Traversing the fields of literature, theatre, painting, architecture and photography, and drawing on André Bazin alongside recent theories of intermediality, it investigates the 'impure', intermedial aesthetics of New Wave cinema. Filmmakers under discussion include critics-turned-directors François Truffaut, Eric Rohmer, Jean-Luc Godard, Jacques Rivette and Claude Chabrol, members of the Left Bank Group Alain Resnais, AgnèsVarda and Chris Marker, but also lesser-known directors, notably the 'secret child of the New Wave', Guy Gilles. This wide-ranging book offers an original reading of the complex, often ambivalent ways in which the New Wave engages the other arts in both its discursive construction and filmic practice.
Still/Moving: Photography and Cinematic Ontology
Authors: Schmid Marion
Published: January 2020

As a medium grounded in photographic technology, cinema retains a deep fascination with photographic images. Focusing on films by François Truffaut, AgnèsVarda, Guy Gilles, Jean-Luc Godard and Chris Marker, this chapter explores the intersection between cinema and photography in New Wave film in the context of wider theoretical debates concerning the two media's relations to time, memory, death and what Raymond Bellour calls the new type of 'pensive spectator' created by still images in film. It also analyses the use of photographyas a privileged intermedial tool for grappling with questions of modernisation, colonialism and revolution at a time when France and the world were undergoing a period of major change.
Conclusion
Authors: Schmid Marion
Published: January 2020

The conclusion sums up the findings of the book, taking stock of the role of the older arts in the New Wave'scultural legitimation. Drawing on Alain Badiou, it illuminates the New Wave's productive paradox: while positing film as art, the movement also asserted cinema's status as a popular medium better suited to reach a wide and diverse audience than the traditional arts. The conclusionfurthermore revisitsintermediality's function as both a mirroring device and a means to work through social and political issues.
Blood in the Streets
Authors: Fisher Austin
Published: January 2020

Blood in the Streets investigates the various ways in which 1970s Italian crime films were embedded in their immediate cultural and political contexts. The book analyses the emergence, proliferation and distribution of a range of popular film cycles (or filoni) - from conspiracy thrillers and vigilante films, to mafia and serial killer narratives - and examines what these reveal about their time and place. The engagement in these films with both the contemporary political turmoil of 1970s Italy and the traumas of the nation's recent past offer fascinating insights into wider anxieties of this decade around the Second World War and its on-going political aftermath. Ultimately, these cycles' industrial conditions of rapid production schedules and concentrated release patterns are seen to be the key to understanding their significance, since these conditions allowed for swift responsiveness to political events, cinematic trends and attendant economic opportunities, while demanding the simplified construction of believable contemporary backdrops. The book thus reveals a repetitive accumulation of assumptions around historically constituted corruption, the impact of rapid socio-economic change and the lingering vestiges of wartime conflict.
Introduction
Authors: Fisher Austin
Published: January 2020

La polizia chiede aiuto / What Have They Done to Your Daughters? (Massimo Dallamano, 1974) opens with what appears to be a clear statement of intent, in a caption reading:

Ogni giorno accadono fatti crudeli e apparentemente inspiegabili. Solo la ricostruzione fedele di questi fatti può farne comprendere il drammatico e inquietante significato....
Corruption and Conspiracy in the Poliziotteschi and the Vigilante Filone
Authors: Fisher Austin
Published: January 2020

The first half of the chapter examines poliziottesco or 'police procedural' format films whose plots invest in notions of high-level coup d'état conspiracy, arguing that such films seek, not to explain or to 'make sense' of the violent events of the 1970s, but instead to enact a ritual recognition of only partially understood, but pervasive and therefore assumed corruption. The second half examines vigilante films, which simultaneously hanker after an imagined past time of moral certainty, and amount to nihilistic assertions of the futility of fighting against a corrupt, faceless system. The assumed, taken-as-read ubiquity of corruption in these two groups of films is shown to manifest itself through seemingly minor scene-setting details and off-guard moments of background exposition, which expose preoccupations with the nation's traumatic past and the historical continuity of systematic institutional brutality.
Enter … If You Dare! The Cross-cultural Reception of Crime Filoni
Authors: Fisher Austin
Published: January 2020

This chapter considers how discourses around Italian crime films' releases developed in two specific markets: those of Italy and the USA, examining how their differing distribution patterns across these markets resulted in contrasting promotional strategies and critical discourses. Through a wide-ranging survey of newspaper film reviews and publicity campaigns, the chapter charts a marked contrast between the two reception contexts, illustrating the centrality of 'serial' repetition to an understanding of these films' significance in their place of origin. When the films were removed from the concentrated production and release patterns of the Italian filone system, their status as innately serial artefacts failed to register, rendering them laughable peculiarities rather than culturally familiar rituals.
Conclusion
Authors: Fisher Austin
Published: January 2020

This chapter considers issues of categorisation, and discusses the meaning, significance and usefulness of the word 'filone' for the study of this kind of cinematic output. The previous chapters' consistent recourse to notions of 'seriality' is here discussed as a unifying thread for the book as a whole, by considering filoni in relation to prevailing definitions of the 'film cycle'. The cinematic strands discussed throughout the book are found to vary widely in their relationship to such definitions, illuminating the industrial nature of this sector of the Italian film industry. The perpetual attempt to capitalise on topicality that resulted from this business model is ultimately seen to be the key to understanding these films' oscillation between repetition and difference. Their resultant traces of preoccupations with the recent past are key components of a contemporaneity that was assumed to be instantly recognisable to Italian audiences of the 1970s.
Network Streaming: TV Broadcasters in the Digital Space
Authors: Sandler Monica
Published: January 2020

Monica Sandler focuses on subscription video on demand services, using the case study of Comcast NBCUniversal’s failed SeeSo platform. Her essay examines how television networks themselves can cultivate a franchise identity for themselves by expanding their brand into emerging formats. The essay questions how old media incumbents like NBC can compete against big data-based entertainment companies like Netflix and Amazon.
Hollywood’s VR Vision: New Frontier or Virtually the Same Thing?1
Authors: Fleury James
Published: January 2020

James Fleury examines virtual reality in relation to Hollywood promotional strategies. As his essay explains, the virtual format may be struggling to gain mainstream adoption, but media companies continue to use it in service of their existing film, television, and video game franchises. Overall, he argues that this promotional emphasis reflects the tendency for the American film and television industry to enter emerging formats through low-risk experiments in the form of promotional content before making a larger-scale push with original material.
The Gothic as a Theory of Symbolic Exchange
Authors: Collings David
Published: January 2020

Inheriting longstanding norms that require reciprocation between the living and the dead, the Gothic interprets the cultural shifts of the late eighteenth century as a breach in such reciprocation, a breach that it hopes to address through its own account of symbolic exchange. In a wide range of scenarios - ghost tales, stories of sexual transgression, accounts of unborn and undead figures - it proposes that a body, a corpse, or a sexually active individual is inexplicable, out of place, haunting, until it receives the status of human being through a symbolic act. In some tales, it even provides counterfactual narratives of interchanges with supernatural figures - Satan, Dracula - to conceive of how symbolic exchange with the inhuman might cut across, replicate, or disturb human reciprocation. The Gothic thus attempts to redress the conditions of a certain modernity by calling upon -- and theorizing -- the fundamental imperatives of symbolic exchange.
Cottonopolis: Experimenting With the Cinematographic, The Ethnographic and the Essayistic
Authors: Greenhalgh Cathy
Published: January 2020

Cathy Greenhalgh considers the making of her essay film Cottonopolis(90’, 2020). The film combines memories of three different yet interconnected ‘Manchesters’, that is historical mega-textile cities Manchester (England), Ahmedabad (Gujarat, India) and Łódź (Poland), with observations of contemporary handloom and power loom cotton manufacture. In her anticipated film Greenhalgh employs documentary techniques, reflexive essay and meditation, sensory and material culture ethnography, as well as oral historiography and experimental visual immersion. She sets out to discuss film production concerns related to questions of the cinematographic, ethnographic and essayistic. Her analysis is underpinned by a practice point-of-view, conversations with Indian film colleagues and various theories of essay, ethnographic and documentary film practice, eco-criticism, world cinema and diaspora aesthetics.
Temporal Scale, The Far Future and Inhuman Times: Foresight in Wells and Woolf, Time Travel in Olaf Stapledon and Terrence Malick
Authors: Tung Charles M.
Published: January 2020

This chapter links the period’s visions of the far future with modernism’s engagement with deep time in order to show how the big historicising that begins in the nineteenth century is not solely about the expansion of historicity but the multiplicity and alternative futurity that follows from it. While the heterochrony of modernist temporal zoom includes the dissolution characteristic of immense expansions of perspective, it is not centred solely on the absorption of a small frame into some more certain, fundamental backdrop. The incongruity between the aesthetic’s imperative to scale itself to what we care about and the immensity of things that can only be registered from far away – temporal hyperobjects, speculative outsides, far-futural risks – is valuable not only for the critique of modernity’s compressed timescapes that it enables, but also for the way it reveals the plurality of times that cannot be nested within one another. This chapter constructs a relationship between genre fiction’s scope and modernism’s long-range aesthetics – the connection between SF’s literal movement away from earthly temporal units (days,years, events, lives, the career of the human as such) and modernist attempts to picture human life from an estranging distance.
Reading Barthes, Again
Authors: Burgin Victor , Manghani Sunil
Published: January 2020

The exchange presented in this chapter between Victor Burgin and Sunil Manghani builds upon an earlier on, 'Reading Barthes', as presented in the volume Barthes/Burgin (Bishop and Manghani 2016: 73-89). The text is premised upon reading Barthes again, as in reflecting on what it has meant to engage with his work while addressing questions around the zero degree, specificities, responsibilities of form, and the political. By establishing a number of historical and critical interests, the exchange recounts how Burgin's sustained reading of Barthes begun in the 1960s long before many in the art world were familiar with the name. The dialogue covers a range of ideas and issues including medium specificity, the Neutral and the trope of 'as if' as common to both Burgin and Barthes work.
The Situation of Practice
Authors: Burgin Victor
Published: January 2020

The Situation of Practice In Writing Degree Zero Roland Barthes addresses the dilemma of the writer who wishes to be free from the grip of bourgeois history as enshrined in language: the doxa of style. Thus at the end of that book, he invokes the image of the writer facing the blank page. The confrontation with the blank page is the degree zero of any art practice, the schematic centre of the situation of the practice. In everyday speech the word 'situation' is used in disparate senses: from the gallery space in which it is encountered to the geopolitical context of its production and reception. The issues explored apply to the material means specific to Burgin's own art practice - writing and camera images - and at other times concern 'art' in general.
The Work of Death in Burgin’s Belledonne
Authors: Hon Gordon
Published: January 2020

The chapter provides a largely psychoanalytic reading of Victor Burgin's Belledonne that relates the panoramic form of this projection piece to the nearly mechanical operations of Freud's death drive and the unheimlich encounters with non-human agency that pertain in the projection. The gaze in the artwork, the gaze of the zero degree CGI camera, which Burgin calls 'theoretical vision', therefore does not seek satisfaction but instead repetition, excess and destruction. The argument made is that there is a critical structural relationship between the impossible subject position offered by the virtual eye of the virtual camera and the indescribable, psychological object operational in the projection piece. In turn this opens up a deeper rumination on the 'absent' or unseeable aspects of artworks and how such 'viewership' persists over time.
In Time of Disturbance: Political Dissonance and Subversion in Violet Fane’s Contributions to the Lady’s Realm
Authors: Kosker Ceylan
Published: January 2020

In this essay, Ceylan Kosker explores how Lady Mary Montgomerie Currie (1843‒1905) used her poetry publications in the Lady’s Realm, ‘On the Marmora’ (1896) and ‘A Deserted Village’ (1897), to address the Hamidian Massacres, which took place in the Ottoman Empire, 1894‒96. As an aristocrat and wife of a British ambassador, Currie had to be careful in her treatment of political subject matter. Thus, she not only adopted a pseudonym, Violet Fane, but also published her political poems in a women’s magazine rather than in a mixed-gender monthly or quarterly magazine. She employed a number of strategies that aimed to hint at the topicality of her subject matter, yet she also obscured her political aims by aestheticising images of violence (in tandem with accompanying illustrations) and by emphasising her own public identity. Publishing political poetry in the Lady’s Realm thus ‘allowed her to express the haunting quality of the trauma she suffered from witnessing the Armenian atrocities without damaging her reputation as a literary celebrity’ (p. 526).
‘Our Women in Journalism’: African-American Women Journalists and the Circulation of News
Authors: Bressey Caroline
Published: January 2020

Caroline Bressey’s essay explores how ‘racial prejudice excluded black women from new spaces of expression created by white women’ in the British press (p. 528). It was not until 1900, with the founding of the Pan-African, that there was a British periodical explicitly dedicated to publishing the contributions of black journalists. Thus, the history of black women’s journalism in Britain prior to the turn of the century is largely unknown. This lack of scholarship makes it necessary to take a ‘transatlantic comparative approach’ when surveying an emerging field of inquiry (p. 528). In the United States, there was more explicit discussion of black women’s contributions to the periodical press, as highlighted in I. Garland Penn’s 1891 book, The Afro-American Press and Its Editors. This volume not only highlighted the unequal, sometimes hostile environment in which black journalists worked but also provided a key for discovering the names and achievements of a wide range of women writers, including Victoria Earle and Ida B. Wells. These writers spoke out on key political issues, including racism and sexism, contributing to journals as diverse as Our Women and Children (1888–90) and the more radical Free Speech (1892).
Introduction
Authors: Ulrich Brian
Published: January 2020

This introduction lays out the argument that although al-Azd identity existed from pre-Islamic times into the Abbasid period, although the significance of that identity was different across time and place. After discussing the historiography of Arab tribes, it reviews aspects of Arab genealogy (nasab), and opts for a definition of tribe based on identity. It further proposes several techniques of detecting the significance of al-Azd identity in the primary sources, most notably through prosopography and using narrative to establish what identities were significant within them. The latter is related to the concepts of segmentary sharaf and social memory.
Introduction
Authors: Thomas Jayne
Published: January 2020

This chapter sets out the scope and methodology of the book, revealing how it moves beyond existing accounts of Wordsworthian influence in Tennyson to uncover new and revealing connections and interactions in some of the most emblematic poems of Tennyson’s career – ‘The Lady of Shalott’, ‘Ulysses’, In Memoriam, Maud, and ‘Tithonus’. It explains the book’s use of the term ‘echo’ to track the sometimes loud, sometimes faint, yet always audible Wordsworthian resonances within Tennyson’s poetry, as well setting its analysis of Tennyson’s poetry in relation to the intertextual and allusive process in general and Harold Bloom’s theory of intra-poetic rivalry in particular. It gives an overview of Tennyson’s recorded relationship with Wordsworth, as set out in Alfred Lord Tennyson: A Memoir, I and II, edited by Hallam Tennyson, Tennyson’s son. It gives an overview of relevant critical work in the field, and chapter summaries of the five chapters to follow, including a brief acknowledgement of how the book will conclude with an analysis of Tennyson’s valedictory lyric, ‘Crossing the Bar’.
Introduction
Authors: Eloff Aragorn
Published: January 2020

In an interview with Antonio Negri, philosopher Gilles Deleuze memorably states that he and his co-author of many books, Félix Guattari, remained Marxists throughout because of the emphasis Marxism places on capitalist dynamics, an aspect they deem essential to any political philosophy. We see in their individual and collaborative work, then, continued analyses of capitalism, as well as an exploration of mechanisms that can be implemented to prevent the formation of what they term the ‘State apparatus’ – or hierarchical sociopolitical structures. However, Deleuze and Guattari’s insistence on these aspects, as well as the decentralisation of power and the production of the new, have led many anarchists to recognise an anarchist, rather than Marxist, ‘sensibility’ in their work. There has also, since the publication of ...
Micropolitics and Social Change: Deleuze and Guattari for Anarchist Theory and Practice
Authors: Raekstad Paul
Published: January 2020

Paul Raekstad turns to Deleuze and Guattari’s concepts of the molar and molecular. He argues that while these differ in nature or scale, this does not necessarily mean they differ in size or extension. Based on this argument, Raekstad examines and pinpoints a problem with vanguardist approaches to revolution which, he shows, is not a problem of organisation or unification as such, but of the kinds of organisation and unification that are required to go beyond capitalism and the State.
Anarchy and Institution: A New Sadean Possibility
Authors: Tosel Natascia
Published: January 2020

The aim of this chapter is to analyse the concept of anarchy in relation to that of institutions, both conceived of in a Deleuzian way of thinking. The starting point is the remark which Deleuze made about Sade in Masochism: Coldness and Cruelty (1967), where Deleuze talks about the possible strategies to criticise law. According to Sade, law belongs to a second nature and depends on a principle which belongs, instead, to the first nature: this principle is anarchy, understood like an institution. Following Sade, Deleuze seems to understand the possibility to link the institution and anarchy and it is this connection that forms the basis of this chapter.
Conclusion: Reflections on Turkish Islam, Modernity, and Dialogue
Authors: Wilkinson Taraneh R.
Published: January 2020

This concluding chapter draws together the host of dialectical elements encountered in the work of Alpyağıl, Düzgün, and those Turkish theologians touched upon in the previous chapter’s survey. After reaffirming the dialectical aspects of Turkish theology, that is, Turkish theology’s complex relationship to multiple intellectual traditions, the discussion takes up a broader treatment of modernity and academic inter-religious dialogue in light of Turkish Muslim responses to and understandings of modernity. Finally, the chapter closes by touching upon the implications these Turkish dialectical encounters might have for conceptualizing modernity’s relationship to Islam and the implications Turkish theology might have for continued Muslim-Christian encounters at the academic level.
Verge
Authors: Oppitz-Trotman George
Published: January 2020

The Spanish Tragedy is widely considered a seminal work in English dramatic history, not only for its contemporary popularity but for its influence upon later secular tragedy. Nonetheless the role of its protagonist Hieronimo, as Knight Marshal of the Spanish court, has never been properly defined. This chapter recovers his English office’s ancient connection to the Verge, that is, the legal and virtually sacred space extending from and around the body of the English king. After a sketch of the origins and historical evolution of the Court of the Verge (or Marshalsea), it is shown for the first time how this anachronistic and highly contradictory space informs the structure and logic of the play. Within and around the Verge, role-play and affective alienation were enduringly connected to the performance of revenge. In The Spanish Tragedy, the tragic court took new shape; the avenger appeared on its margins.
Divinity within the Law: Schmitt on the Violence of Sovereignty
Authors: Rae Gavin
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines Carl Schmitt’s claim that sovereignty is not divided between a legal and divine sovereign as maintained by Walter Benjamin; law is defined by a division between its explicit, statute form and the subtending power supporting and generating it. At the latter level, sovereignty is defined by the populace, who, living in a state of chaos, make a spontaneous and normless decision regarding its constitutional norms. At the former, constitutional level, Schmitt claims that there must always be an individual who makes the ultimate political decision regarding how to interpret and/or apply those norms. Famously, this requires that a decision be made regarding who is a friend and who is an enemy. Importantly, the constituting-power always subtends the constitution, making it possible that the populace will always usurp the constitutional sovereign. Schmitt’s point is that sovereignty is divisible, with the consequence that deposing constitutional sovereignty does not rely on divine action; it arises when the constituting-power subtending the constitutional sovereign demands an alternative juridical order.
Conclusion
Authors: Rae Gavin
Published: January 2020

This chapter provides an overview of the trajectory of the argument developed throughout the book and identifies what is insightful and innovative about the bio-juridical model; namely, that it challenges the binary ‘logic of versus’ underpinning the juridical and biopolitical models to instead propose a logic of contamination wherein apparently opposing concepts and ends meld into one another. In this respect, sovereign violence is no longer tied to a singular end, pre-defined purpose, and/or means-end logic, but is rather caught between multiple ends, none of which are clear-cut or predetermined.
Descartes and the Evil of Error
Authors: Rae Gavin
Published: January 2020

This chapter engages with Rene Descartes’s analysis of evil in the Meditations of First Philosophy, in which evil is linked to human error rather than, as Christianity had tended to maintain, being an effect of a malevolent cosmic being. Specifically, Descartes holds that evil emanates from the improper use of human cognition, namely when the infinite will oversteps the finite knowledge that properly belongs to human judgement. However, because the latter is given by God, departing from it is to depart from God, which re-enforces one of the central meanings that evil had for the Judeo-Christian tradition. This chapter concludes that Descartes’s account of evil is important because he links the topic to epistemological questions, while his focus on the relationship between human will and evil develops the Augustinian approach in a way that lays the groundwork for Kant’s thinking on the topic.
Leibniz and Theodicy: Evil as the Good
Authors: Rae Gavin
Published: January 2020

This chapter takes up Leibniz’s theodicy to show that while he agrees with Descartes that God’s creation is linked to His will, Leibniz claims that God’s will is an effect of His knowledge. This is not arbitrary, which would call into question the notion of ‘truth,’ but is based on the Idea that defines the unchanging essence of each thing. God must, then, create in accordance with the Idea of each particular thing, meaning that there is determinacy to His actions. God is further constrained in what He can create by virtue of His goodness: He must create the best of all possible worlds. Leibniz supports this through the introduction of a number of conceptual innovations, namely the distinction between natural, moral, and metaphysical evils and that between God’s antecedent and consequential wills. The result is a conception of evil that holds it to be a necessary part of God’s plan for existence, which admits the least amount of evil required for God to create the best of all possible worlds.
Animal Worlds
Authors: McMahon Laura
Published: January 2020

Focusing on a recent wave of international art cinema, Animal Worlds offers the first sustained analysis of the relations between cinematic time and animal life. Through an aesthetic of extended duration, films such as Bestiaire (Denis Côté, 2012), The Turin Horse (Béla Tarr and Ágnes Hranitzky, 2011) and A Cow’s Life (Emmanuel Gras, 2011) attend to animal worlds of sentience and perception, while registering the governing of life through biopolitical regimes. Bringing together Gilles Deleuze’s writings on cinema and his reflections (with Félix Guattari) on animals, while drawing on Jacques Derrida, Jean-Christophe Bailly, Nicole Shukin and others, the book argues that these films question the biopolitical reduction of animal life to forms of capital, opening up realms of virtuality, becoming and alternative political futures.
On history
Authors: Adair-Toteff Christopher
Published: January 2020

This chapter is devoted to Aron’s philosophy of history. It discusses its importance in making political decisions. History lacks the degree of certainty found in the natural sciences but historical examples can provide much needed context and help formulate answers to contemporary problems.
On Weber
Authors: Adair-Toteff Christopher
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores Aron’s own use of Weber’s theoretical and political thinking. It begins by an exploration of Aron’s early understanding of Weber’s sociology and moves to his appropriation of Weber’s political philosophy. It concludes by suggesting that Aron’ rejected Weber’s nationalism but promoted a political ethics similar to Max Weber’s concept of political responsibility
On War
Authors: Adair-Toteff Christopher
Published: January 2020

This chapter follows directly from the previous one and focuses specifically on the concepts of war and how they have changed through history. It clarifies Aron’s notions of “total war” and “century of war” and explains Aron’s complaint that scholars too often focused on economics instead of politics in discussing war.
On peace
Authors: Adair-Toteff Christopher
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores the dialectic between war and peace. It could have been entitled “On International Relations” because it explores Aron’s realistic conception of the relations between countries. However, Aron departs from most political Realists by insisting on the importance that morality must play in international relations.
The Future of Intelligence Outsourcing
Authors: Van Puyvelde Damien
Published: January 2020

This chapter considers the outcome of the US government’s efforts to reform the accountability regime for intelligence contractors. The chapter shows that further efforts are and will be needed to continue fill accountability gaps and adapt the national intelligence effort to the security environment. To avoid past mistakes and provide greater coherence to this effort, adaptation should focus on three essential questions: What (not) to outsource? When to outsource? How to outsource? Answers to these questions emphasize the need for more coherent policies and planning in the domain of human resources, and in particular a more stable pool of government personnel to cope with the ebb and flow of intelligence requirements.
Conclusion: The Rise of Islamic Political Movements and Parties
Authors: Kirdiş Esen
Published: January 2020

The last chapter asks how the decision regarding participation versus non-participation in the party system contributed to Islamic movement differentiation, what this decision meant for the political agenda of Islamic movements, what kind of changes these decisions triggered internally within Islamic movements, and whether these Islamic movements succeeded in altering the socio-political structures they face. It concludes with what these findings mean for democratisation.
Scottish Coal Miners in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Phillips Jim
Published: January 2020

Throughout the twentieth century Scottish miners resisted deindustrialisation through collective action and by leading the campaign for Home Rule. This book shows that coal miners occupy a central position in Scotland’s economic, social and political history. It highlights the role of miners in formulating labour movement demands for political-constitutional reforms that helped create the conditions for the establishment of the Scottish Parliament in 1999. The book examines the moral economy, which prioritised communal security and collective voice. Three different generations of Scottish coal miners are identified, shaped by successive predominant forms of coal mining unit across the twentieth century. The Village Pit generation, born in the 1900s, defined the terms of the moral economy, and secured nationalisation in 1947. The New Mine generation, born in the 1920s, enforced the moral economy and made nationalisation work in the interests of miners. It advanced Home Rule arguments to protect economic security in the struggle against deindustrialisation. The Cosmopolitan Colliery generation, born in the 1950s, tried to protect the moral economy and communal security in the coalfields in the great strike of 1984-85. The experiences of miners are used to explore working class wellbeing more broadly throughout the prolonged and politicised period of deindustrialisation that culminated in the Thatcherite assault of the 1980s.
Колекція повоєнних спогадів остарбайтерів з Миколаївщини: від інформативного потенціалу до мікроісторії
Authors: Pogorielov Anatolii
Published: January 2020

Аналізується інформативний потенціал повоєнних спогадів колишніх примусових працівників Миколаївщини. Розкрито основні мікроісторичні сюжети й особливості даного корпусу історичних джерел. Зазначено, що досліджувана колекція документів Державного архіву Миколаївської області є цінним джерелом з вивчення окремих аспектів довоєнної історії, періоду нацистської окупації, а також повсякденного життя наших земляків в умовах примусової чи рабської праці, повоєнного руху репатріантів. Підкреслено, що на повноті відображення власного досвіду примусової праці на території Третього рейху у даній колекції позначились ті обставини, що вони писались в умовах повоєнної недовіри радянського керівництва й органів безпеки до осіб, які пережили окупацію та побували за межами СРСР, а також, власне, страху громадян перед «системою». Через це у спогадах відсутня ціла низка аспектів повсякденного життя колишніх остарбайтерів на території Третього рейху, а основні зусилля авторів зосереджено лише на розкритті злочинів нацистських поневолювачів.
Джерела з історії національно-культурного руху українців Галичини 1848-1914 рр. у фондах зарубіжних архівних і бібліотечних установ
Authors: Sholohon Lilia
Published: January 2020

У статті показано процес формування комплексу джерел з історії українського національно-культурного руху Галичини впродовж 1848-1914 рр. на прикладі зарубіжних архівних і бібліотечних установ. Акцентовано увагу на суспільно-політичних особливостях цього періоду, специфіці роботи державних установ Австро-Угорської монархії, до якої належали українські етнічні території впродовж означеного часового проміжку, діяльності впливових громадських організацій і провідних громадсько-культурних діячів. Охарактеризовано документи і матеріали офіційного характеру та джерела особового походження з історії національно-культурного руху українців Галичини 1848-1914 рр., публіцистичні праці переважно польських і російських політиків, що зберігаються в архівних і бібліотечних установах на території Австрії, Росії та Польщі.
Роль Пакистану у міжнародних відносинах на початку ХХІ століття
Authors: Horobets Ihor
Published: January 2020

У статті проаналізовано роль і місце Пакистану у сучасних міжнародних відносинах. Зазначається, що після оволодіння ядерною зброєю Пакистан позиціонує себе як держава, яка спромоглася встановити відносний воєнно-політичний паритет з Індією. Статус ядерної держави перетворив Пакистан на одного із лідерів ісламського світу. Водночас після терактів 11 вересня 2001 р. Пакистан, виходячи з політичних міркувань, підтримав антитерористичну операцію США у сусідньому Афганістані. Це дало можливість нейтралізувати негативні наслідки міжнародного режиму санкцій, який було запроваджено після ядерних випробувань 1998 року. Показано, що лише фактору ядерної зброї недостатньо для входження Пакистану у коло розвинутих держав сучасної системи міжнародних відносин.
Los tres pilares para la retención del talento humano en una empresa de servicios generales
Authors: Nolazco Labajos Fernando Alexis , Rodríguez Huancahuari Diego Anthony
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo por objetivo proponer los tres pilares para reducir la rotación del talento humano. La metodología utilizada se basó en el sintagma holístico, enfoque mixto, tipo proyectiva, nivel comprensivo. Para obtener la información se realizó un análisis documentario del “Seguro complementario de trabajo de riesgo” del periodo 2015-2018 y se efectuó entrevistas a siete personas, de los cuales tres fueron extrabajadores, tres trabajadores que laboran actualmente y al gerente general de la empresa. Se determinó que la rotación del personal en el año 2015 fue en promedio el 123%, mientras que en el año 2016 el 99%, el 2017 fue 91% y el 2018 el 50% en promedio. Por tal razón se esbozó los tres pilares para la retención del talento humano, el primer pilar corresponde a la implantación de un nuevo proceso de contratación del personal con el fin de optimizar el tiempo, el segundo pilar atañe a la creación del perfil de los puestos de trabajo, con el fin de contratar personal idóneo, finalmente, el tercer pilar incumbe al plan de involucramiento del personal, todo lo anterior permitirá cumplir los objetivos de la organización.
The Early Days of Personal Solar Ultraviolet Dosimetry
Authors: Diffey Brian
Published: January 2020

In the early 1970s, environmental conservationists were becoming concerned that a reduction in the thickness of the atmospheric ozone layer would lead to increased levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation at ground level, resulting in higher population exposure to UV and subsequent harm, especially a rise in skin cancer. At the time, no measurements had been reported on the normal levels of solar UV radiation which populations received in their usual environment, so this lack of data, coupled with increasing concerns about the impact to human health, led to the development of simple devices that monitored personal UV exposure. The first and most widely used UV dosimeter was the polymer film, polysulphone, and this review describes its properties and some of the pioneering studies using the dosimeter that led to a quantitative understanding of human exposure to sunlight in a variety of behavioral, occupational, and geographical settings.