bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Techno‐economic feasibility of year‐round use of drip irrigation in a rice‐ based cropping system*
Authors: Panigrahi Pravukalyan , Panda Rabindra Kumar , Rautaray Sachin Kanta , Raychaudhury Sachidulal , Thakur Amod Kumar , Mishra Atmaram
Published: May 2021

The water use, yield and profitability in three cropping sequences (rice–capsicum–baby corn, rice–rice–baby corn and rice–rice) grown under a drip irrigation (DRI) layout were compared with that in a rice–rice system under surface irrigation (SI) in a rice‐dominated region of eastern India. The DRI could save 37% of irrigation water without affecting the yield in rice compared with SI. The DRI in the rice–capsicum–baby corn cropping system produced 4.63 times higher yield (rice equivalent yield, 48.2 t ha‾¹) using 59% less water (7570 m3 ha‾¹), resulting in 11 times higher water productivity (8.72 kg rice m‾3 water), 7.63 times higher annual net income (NI) (435 000 INR ha‾¹) and 18 times higher economic water productivity (EWP) (INR 78.7 m‾3 water) with a benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of 2.87 compared with the rice–rice cropping system under SI. Use of DRI in a multi‐cropping sequence is recommended for higher water productivity and net profit in rice‐based cropping systems in irrigated commands.
Ex‐vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy with digital staining for characterizing basal cell carcinoma on frozen sections: A comparison with histology
Authors: Ruini Cristel , Vladimirova Gabriela , Kendziora Benjamin , Salzer Suzanna , Ergun Ecem , Sattler Elke , French Lars E. , Hartmann Daniela
Published: May 2021

Ex‐vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) has been used on fresh tissue, but there is little experience on frozen sections. We evaluated the applicability of FCM on frozen sections of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), stained with acridine orange and digitally colored to simulate hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) dyes. We compared our diagnostic accuracy in detecting and subtyping BCCs with FCM to our gold standard (H&E stained frozen sections used in 3D horizontal micrographic surgery). Fourty‐six primary BCCs were analyzed for free margins as well as histological subtype with all FCM modes and conventional H&E staining. Adnexa, artifacts and diagnostic confidence were evaluated. Free margins were identified with a sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 91%. Concordance for tumor subtype was 88%. FCM may be used on both fresh tissue and frozen samples, although with reduced performance and different artifacts. The device is useful for the intraoperative diagnosis, subtyping and margin‐mapping of BCCs.
Health‐related quality of life outcomes after surgical treatment of atypical femur fractures: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Spanyer Jonathon , Barber Lauren A. , Lands Harrison , Brown Alexander , Bouxsein Mary , Heng Marilyn , Yakkanti Madhusudhan
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study was to examine the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes for surgically‐treated atypical femur fractures (AFFs) compared to typical femoral diaphyseal fractures. Two large trauma center databases were retrospectively queried for surgically‐treated femur fractures. Fractures were grouped into AFFs and compared to a control cohort. Controls for the AFF group included women with diaphyseal fractures without additional AFF characteristics. Patients were contacted for administration of the Short Form‐36v2 Health Survey. Surveys were completed an average of 30.3 months (range, 6–138 months) and 25.5 months (range, 5–77 months) postoperatively for the AFF and non‐AFF groups, respectively. All patients were female, with 46 patients in the AFF and 26 patients in the non‐AFF group. The average age of the AFF group was 70.1 years compared with an average age of 67.4 years in the non‐AFF group (p = 0.287). Over 90% (91.3%) of patients in the AFF group had a history of bisphosphonate use while 26.9% of patients in the non‐AFF group had used bisphosphonates (p < 0.0001). Patients with AFF reported their postoperative physical and mental health to be no different than similarly aged patients with femoral diaphyseal fractures, as measured by the Short Form 36, version 2 (SF‐36v2) Health Survey. These data suggest that mid‐term patient‐reported quality of life outcomes are similar among women who sustain an AFF compared to a cohort of more typical femoral diaphyseal fractures. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
An integrated virtual screening and drug repurposing strategy for the discovery of new antimalarial drugs against Plasmodium falciparum phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase
Authors: Verma Kanika , Lahariya Ayush K. , Dubey Shivangee , Verma Anil K. , Das Aparup , Schneider Kristan A. , Bharti Praveen K.
Published: May 2021

The emergence and spread of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite causing the most severe form of human malaria, is a major threat to malaria control and elimination programs around the globe. With P. falciparum having evolved widespread resistance against a number of previously widely used drugs, currently, artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives are the cornerstones of first‐line treatments of uncomplicated malaria. However, growing incidences of ART failure reflect the spread of ART‐resistant P. falciparum strains. Despite current efforts to understand the primary cause of ART resistance due to mutations in the Kelch 13 gene (PfK13), the mechanism underlying ART resistance is still not completely unclear and no feasible strategies to counteract the causes and thereby restoring the efficiency of ART have been developed. We use a polypharmacology approach to identify potential drugs that can be used for the novel purpose (target). Of note, we have designed a multimodal stratagem to identify approved drugs with a potential antimalarial activity using computational drug reprofiling. Our investigations suggest that oxetacaine, simvastatin, repaglinide, aclidinium, propafenone, and lovastatin could be repurposed for malaria control and prevention.
Exploring the quality of protein structural models from a Bayesian perspective
Authors: Arroyuelo Agustina , Vila Jorge A. , Martin Osvaldo A.
Published: May 2021

We explore how ideas and practices common in Bayesian modeling can be applied to help assess the quality of 3D protein structural models. The basic premise of our approach is that the evaluation of a Bayesian statistical model's fit may reveal aspects of the quality of a structure when the fitted data is related to protein structural properties. Therefore, we fit a Bayesian hierarchical linear regression model to experimental and theoretical 13Cα chemical shifts. Then, we propose two complementary approaches for the evaluation of such fitting: (a) in terms of the expected differences between experimental and posterior predicted values; (b) in terms of the leave‐one‐out cross‐validation point‐wise predictive accuracy. Finally, we present visualizations that can help interpret these evaluations. The analyses presented in this article are aimed to aid in detecting problematic residues in protein structures. The code developed for this work is available on: https://github.com/BIOS-IMASL/Hierarchical-Bayes-NMR-Validation.
MgSO4‐(NH4)2SO4‐NH3·H2O system mineralizing CO2 for preparation of MgCO3·3H2O whiskers
Authors: Miao Yumin , Lu Shuangqiang , Liu Zhongqing
Published: May 2021

CO2 mineralization is conducted through injecting simulated flue gas into MgSO4‐(NH4)2SO4‐NH3·H2O. The MgCO3·3H2O whiskers are prepared by adjusting reaction conditions, including mineralization pH, reaction temperature, and amount of ammonia. The chemical component and morphology of the product are analyzed via scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermal gravimetric analyzer. The study demonstrates that at 50°C, pH 9, 0.08 L/min CO2 flow rate, and a simulated flue gas containing 20% CO2, MgCO3·3H2O whiskers of 99% purity are synthesized. The whiskers have a length of 15–20 μm with an aspect ratio of 18. At ammonia usage of 25 ml, the Mg2+ conversion rate is 70%.
Validation of the Mental Health Checklist (MHCL) during COVID‐19 lockdown
Authors: So Christine J. , Kim Jinu , Cifre Anthony B. , Gonzalez Rogelio D. , Bower Joanne L. , Alfano Candice A.
Published: May 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented disruption to everyday life, including widespread social distancing and self‐quarantining aimed at reducing the virus spread. The Mental Health Checklist (MHCL) is a measure developed to assess psychological health during extended periods of isolation and confinement, and has shown strong psychometric properties in community samples and during Antarctic missions. This study validated the MHCL in a sample of 359 U.S. and U.K adults during the peak of the COVID‐19 lockdown. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested model fit, and convergent validity analyses were conducted to compare the MHCL with validated measures of depression, anxiety and stress, as well as insomnia. The MHCL exhibited good model fit for most CFA indices, and showed strong convergent validity with other measures of psychological well‐being. Findings suggest that the MHCL is useful for assessing mental health in a variety of environments and conditions.
Combining participatory action research and emerging ways of collective action to promote institutional change toward social commitment: Groundings, strategies, and implications of an experience
Authors: López Jorge S. , Soria‐Oliver María , Aramayona Begoña , García‐Sánchez Rubén , Martín María J. , Martínez José M.
Published: May 2021

Aims

This study reports the foundations, strategies, and results of an institutional change experience based on the combination of participatory‐action‐research and new currents of collective mobilization and political participation. It aimed to achieve the institution's greater social commitment and a more participatory and transparent management.

Methods

The process took place in a Spanish public university and was promoted and coordinated by a Work Group that emerged from grassroots university community. Collective diagnosis was performed through face‐to‐face strategies (global, sectorial, and faculty meetings) and virtual tools (web‐blog, on‐line surveys, shared documents). Collective action combined nonformal with formal institutional participation and applied hybrid activism, self‐organization in horizontal structures and integrative conflict management.

Results

A sequential process of diagnosis, collective action, and negotiation was implemented. As a result, the university Governing Team, representatives from different sectors and members of the Work Group worked jointly to define several institutional actions that were thereafter launched. Those actions aimed to improve institutional participation and transparency, and greater institutional social commitment.

Conclusion

The combination of participatory‐action‐research and new ways of collective action can be an excellent tool to draw institutions towards greater social engagement, thus contributing to sustainable social change. A model to guide institutional change is drafted.
Concordance of Exposure Changes Because of Renal Impairment Between Results of Dedicated Renal Impairment Studies and Population Pharmacokinetic Predictions
Authors: Ahmed Mariam A. , Kalaria Shamir N. , Younis Islam R.
Published: May 2021

This analysis compared the results from noncompartmental analysis and population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) predictions of exposure changes in patients with renal impairment (RI) for 27 new molecular entities (NMEs) approved between 2000 and 2015. Renal function was identified as a covariate in the final PopPK model for 17 NMEs. The final PopPK model was used to simulate (n  =  1000 replicates/individual) the results of a dedicated PK study in subjects with renal impairment. For the majority of NMEs, concordance between observed, and predicted area under the curve (AUC) geometric mean ratio (GMR) was observed (ie, in 17, 11, and 11 NMEs for mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment groups, respectively, the observed and predicted AUC GMR were within the same fold of change). Inclusion of colinear covariates in the PopPK model appeared to be the major driver for the NMEs for which there was discordance. PopPK, when done properly, is a valuable tool for supporting labeling recommendations for subjects with renal impairment.
Influence of post‐application irrigation and mowing timing on fungicide fate on a United States Golf Association golf course putting green
Authors: Stephens Cameron M. , Kerns James P. , Ahmed Khalied A. , Gannon Travis W.
Published: May 2021

Fungicides are routinely applied to golf course putting greens throughout the growing season. Gaining a better understanding of fungicide fate can improve fungicide use and stewardship. Therefore, optimizing fungicide applications with post‐application management practices may enhance fungicide movement and limit potential off‐target effects. Two field studies were initiated on a golf course putting green to evaluate the influence of post‐fungicide application irrigation and mowing timing on fungicide movement into the soil profile and removal in turfgrass clippings. Plots were treated with a single application of either pyraclostrobin, triadimefon, or penthiopyrad and received 0.64 cm post‐application irrigation immediately or 6 h after application or received no post‐application irrigation. Clippings were collected 0, 1, and 3 d after treatment (DAT). Cores were harvested 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 DAT and dissected into the remaining aboveground vegetation (RAV; verdure/thatch; 0‐to‐2.5‐, 2.5‐to‐5.1‐, and 5.1‐to‐7.6‐cm soil subsections). A small amount of fungicide (<3.6%) was removed with clippings regardless of mowing and irrigation treatment. Post‐application irrigation treatment influenced fungicide movement; however, >50% of fungicide remained restricted to the RAV for the first 3 DAT. Less fungicide remained restricted to the RAV, and more fungicide was detected in deeper soil depths when plots were irrigated immediately after application. Fungicide was only detected at the 5.1‐to‐7.6‐cm depth when plots were irrigated immediately. Applying post‐application irrigation immediately may result in more fungicide moving down to soilborne targets. Irrigating 6 h after application facilitated moderate fungicide movement compared with irrigating immediately but was better than no post‐application irrigation.
Outcome, diagnosis, and microbiological profile comparison of community‐ and hospital‐acquired bacteremia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wakabayashi Takao , Iwata Hiroyoshi
Published: May 2021

Background

Although bacteremia is one of the most pressing situation in the field of hospital medicine, little is known about the differences between community‐ and hospital‐acquired bacteremia (CAB and HAB, respectively).

Methods

Objective is to know the epidemiologic characteristics of CAB and HAB. Study design is a single‐center retrospective cohort study. Participants were all patients over the age of 16 years who were blood cultures positive at single acute care hospital from April 2013 to March 2018. HAB was defined as positive culture acquired at least 48 h after admission or blood culture‐positive patients transferred from other hospital. The primary outcome was 30 day mortality, and the secondary outcome was 1 year mortality. We compared the primary and secondary outcomes between HAB and CAB using logistic regression analyses.

Results

There were 325 participants in this study. The number of patients with CAB was 189 (58.1%). HAB was associated with a higher 30 day mortality rate than CAB (n = 31, 22.8% vs. n = 9, 4.8%, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–6.53, p < 0.05). In the secondary outcome, HAB was also associated with a higher 1 year mortality rate (n = 61/110, 55.5% vs. n = 32/143, 22.4%, AOR 2.27; 95% CI: 1.12–4.58).

Conclusions

Our study showed that HAB was associated with higher mortality than CAB in 30 day mortality and in 1 yr mortality. Thus, we confirmed that HAB is distinct from CAB concerning the differences of outcomes.
Long noncoding RNA AC092155 facilitates osteogenic differentiation of adipose‐derived stem cells through the miR‐143‐3p/STMN1 axis
Authors: Sun Jingchuan , Zhang Fan , Luo Xi , Shi Guodong , Li Fudong , Zheng Bing , Guo Yongfei , Shi Jiangang , Li Lintao
Published: May 2021

Background

Numerous studies have demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) induce osteogenesis in adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs). This study aimed to explore the role of lncRNAs AC092155 in promoting osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs.

Methods

MicroRNA (miRNA) and lncRNA sequencing were performed in ADSCs that underwent normal or osteogenic induction. Differentially expressed miRNAs and lncRNAs were identified using R software. The relative expression levels of lncRNA AC092155, miR‐143‐3p, and STMN1 during the process of osteogenic induction were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). ADSCs were then transfected with agomiR‐143‐3p and pcDNA3.1‐sh‐lncRNA AC092155. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining (ARS) were used to confirm the regulatory function of the lncRNA AC092155/miR‐143‐3p/STMN1 axis in osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs.

Results

lncRNA AC092155 was significantly upregulated in ADSCs following induction in the osteogenic medium. lncRNA AC092155 and STMN1 mimics increase the markers of osteogenic differentiation in the early and late phases, which was reflected in increased ALP activity as well as the higher deposition of calcium nodules. An miR‐143‐3p mimic showed the opposite effect. Luciferase reporter gene analysis demonstrated that lncRNA AC092155 directly targets miR‐143‐3p. Moreover, the lncRNA AC092155/miR‐143‐3p/STMN1 regulatory axis was found to activate the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway.

Conclusions

lncRNA AC092155 contributes to the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. The lncRNA AC092155/miR‐143‐3p/STMN1 axis may be a new therapeutic target for bone‐related diseases.
Inborn disorders of the malate aspartate shuttle
Authors: Broeks Melissa H. , van Karnebeek Clara D. M. , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Jans Judith J. M. , Verhoeven‐Duif Nanda M.
Published: May 2021

Over the last few years, various inborn disorders have been reported in the malate aspartate shuttle (MAS). The MAS consists of four metabolic enzymes and two transporters, one of them having two isoforms that are expressed in different tissues. Together they form a biochemical pathway that shuttles electrons from the cytosol into mitochondria, as the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to the electron carrier NADH. By shuttling NADH across the mitochondrial membrane in the form of a reduced metabolite (malate), the MAS plays an important role in mitochondrial respiration. In addition, the MAS maintains the cytosolic NAD+/NADH redox balance, by using redox reactions for the transfer of electrons. This explains why the MAS is also important in sustaining cytosolic redox‐dependent metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and serine biosynthesis. The current review provides insights into the clinical and biochemical characteristics of MAS deficiencies. To date, five out of seven potential MAS deficiencies have been reported. Most of them present with a clinical phenotype of infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Although not specific, biochemical characteristics include high lactate, high glycerol 3‐phosphate, a disturbed redox balance, TCA abnormalities, high ammonia, and low serine, which may be helpful in reaching a diagnosis in patients with an infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Current implications for treatment include a ketogenic diet, as well as serine and vitamin B6 supplementation.
Flexor tendon repair using a reinforced tubular, medicated electrospun construct
Authors: Peeters Ian , Pien Nele , Mignon Arn , Van Damme Lana , Dubruel Peter , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Mantovani Diego , Vermeulen Valérie , Creytens David , Van Tongel Alexander , Schauvliege Stijn , Hermans Katleen , De Wilde Lieven , Martens Ann
Published: May 2021

A reinforced tubular, medicated electrospun construct was developed for deep flexor tendon repair. This construct combines mechanical strength with the release of anti‐inflammatory and anti‐adhesion drugs. In this study, the reinforced construct was evaluated using a rabbit model. It was compared to its components (a tubular, medicated electrospun polymer without reinforcement and a tubular braid as such) on the one hand to a modified Kessler suture as a control group. Forty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. Surgery was performed in the second and fourth deep flexor tendons of one hind paw of the rabbits in the two groups using four repair techniques. Biomechanical tensile testing and macroscopic and histological evaluations were performed at 3 and 8 weeks postoperatively. A two‐way analysis of variance with pairwise comparisons revealed that the three experimental surgical techniques (a reinforced tubular medicated electrospun construct, tubular‐medicated construct, and tubular braid as such) showed similar strength as that of a modified Kessler suture repair, which was characterized by a mean load at ultimate failure of 19.85 N (standard deviation [SD] 5.29 N) at 3 weeks and 18.15 N (SD 8.01 N) at 8 weeks. Macroscopically, a significantly different adhesion pattern was observed at the suture knots, either centrally or peripherally, depending on the technique. Histologically, a qualitative assessment showed good to excellent repair at the tendon repair site, irrespective of the applied technique. This study demonstrates that mechanical and biological repair strategies for flexor tendon repair can be successfully combined.
Processing and characterization of thermoplastic corn starch‐based film/paper composites containing microcrystalline cellulose
Authors: Chen Jie , Long Zhu , Dou Chang , Wang Xia , Meng Yahui
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Different thermoplastic starch (TPS) films were prepared with or without the addition of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) obtained via the melt‐extrusion method, and then the hot‐press method was used to produce environmentally friendly TPS‐based film/paper composites to replace petroleum‐based materials.

RESULTS

The paper–plastic composites exhibited good interfacial adhesion from the scannign elctron microscopy images. It was seen that 5 wt.% MCC was added to reinforce the mechanical properties of TPS films, such that it also improved the barrier properties of MCC@TPS/paper composites and extended the path of water vapor through TPS films, which decreased the water vapor transmission rate of MCC@TPS/paper composites. TPS/paper composites and MCC@TPS/paper composites have better physical properties (i.e. smoothness, flexibility and folding resistance) than only paper. In particular, it was found that the water contact angle of MCC@TPS/paper composites and TPS/paper composites were higher than single‐layer paper. Furthermore, MCC reinforced paper–plastic composites demonstrated good barrier properties which can meet the requirement of the need for lower water sensitive materials in the food packaging industry.

CONCLUSION

Thermoplastic corn starch‐based film/paper composites have good application properties as a potential source of bioplastic materials. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Observation of low‐temperature chemistry products in laminar premixed low‐pressure flames by molecular‐beam mass spectrometry
Authors: Bierkandt Thomas , Oßwald Patrick , Gaiser Nina , Krüger Dominik , Köhler Markus , Hoener Martin , Shaqiri Shkelqim , Kaczmarek Dennis , Karakaya Yasin , Hemberger Patrick , Kasper Tina
Published: May 2021

The formation of typical low‐temperature oxidation products is observed in laminar premixed low‐pressure flames investigated by photoionization molecular‐beam mass spectrometry at the Swiss Light Source. The C1–C4 alkyl hydroperoxides can be identified in n‐butane‐ and 2‐butene‐doped hydrogen flames by their photoionization efficiency spectra at m/z 48, 62, 76, and 90. C1–C3 alkyl hydroperoxides are also observed in a propane‐doped hydrogen flame and in a neat propane flame. In addition, threshold photoelectron spectra reveal the presence of the alkyl hydroperoxides. In the 2‐butene/H2 flame, the photoionization spectrum at m/z 88 also enables the identification of butenyl hydroperoxides by comparison with calculated ionization energies of the alkenyl hydroperoxides and a literature spectrum. The low‐temperature species are formed close to the burner surface with maximum mole fractions at 0.25–0.75 mm above the burner. At 0.5 mm, even the methylperoxy radical (CH3OO) is measured for the first time in a laminar premixed flame. The rate of production analyses show that consumption of the hydroperoxyalkyl radicals results in the formation of cyclic ethers. In the n‐butane/H2 flame, ethylene oxide, oxetane, and methyloxirane are identified. Besides expected small oxygenated species, for example, formaldehyde or acetaldehyde, the larger C4 oxygenates butanone (C2H5COCH3) and 2,3‐butanedione (C4H6O2) are formed in the two C4 hydrocarbon‐doped hydrogen flames. Quantification of alkyl hydroperoxides with estimated photoionization cross sections based on the corresponding alcohols, which have similar photoelectron structures to the alkyl hydroperoxides, shows that mole fractions are on the order of 10−5–10−6 in the n‐butane/H2 flame. Measurements are corroborated by simulations, which also predict the presence of some peroxides in detectable concentrations, that is, mole fractions larger than 10−7, under the investigated conditions. The observation of peroxide species and cyclic ethers in the investigated laminar premixed flames give new insights into the contribution of low‐temperature combustion chemistry in a flame.
Long‐Term Outcomes of Inferior Meatus Augmentation Procedure to Treat Empty Nose Syndrome
Authors: Dholakia Sachi S. , Yang Angela , Kim Dayoung , Borchard Nicole A. , Chang Michael T. , Khanwalkar Ashoke , Lechner Matt , Nayak Jayakar V.
Published: May 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

We sought to report the long‐term, symptom‐focused, prospective outcomes in empty nose syndrome (ENS) patients after undergoing inferior meatus augmentation procedure (IMAP) through use of four validated questionnaires: Empty Nose Syndrome 6‐Item Questionnaire (ENS6Q), 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7‐Item Scale (GAD‐7), and Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9).

Study Design

Prospective case series.

Methods

A single‐center prospective case series was performed for patients diagnosed with ENS who underwent IMAP between July 2017 and February 2020. Diagnosis of ENS was based on the following criteria: 1) reported discomfort with nasal breathing and/or paradoxical nasal obstruction after inferior turbinate reduction, 2) a positive ENS6Q score of at least 11, and 3) a positive cotton test. Questionnaire responses were recorded prior to surgery as well as 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.

Results

Seventeen eligible patients were included. Mean ENS6Q scores were significantly reduced at all postoperative time points (p < .0001, p < .0001, p < .0001, p = .0003). Of the six ENS6Q subdomains, five (suffocation, dryness, sense of diminished airflow, nasal crusting, and nasal burning) were significantly reduced 1‐year postoperatively (p < .0001, p = .0004, p = .0136, p = .0114, p = .0080, respectively). SNOT‐22 scores were significantly reduced at all time points (p = .0021, p = .0227, p = .0004, and p = .0025). Of the SNOT‐22 subdomains, the sleep subdomain was significantly reduced 1‐year postoperatively (p = .0432). Low baseline GAD‐7 and PHQ‐9 scores were recorded at 7 and 9.4, respectively, and although scores at all postoperative time points were reduced, there was no statistical significance.

Conclusion

IMAP via implant of cadaveric rib cartilage provides significant, long‐term improvements in ENS‐specific and general sinonasal symptoms.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2736–E2741, 2021
Photobiomodulation Response From 660 nm is Different and More Durable Than That From 980 nm
Authors: Fuchs Christiane , Schenk Merle Sophie , Pham Linh , Cui Lian , Anderson Richard Rox , Tam Joshua
Published: May 2021

Background and Objectives

Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy uses light at various wavelengths to stimulate wound healing, grow hair, relieve pain, and more—but there is no consensus about optimal wavelengths or dosimetry. PBM therapy works through putative, wavelength‐dependent mechanisms including direct stimulation of mitochondrial respiration, and/or activation of transmembrane signaling channels by changes in water activity. A common wavelength used in the visible red spectrum is ~660 nm, whereas recently ~980 nm is being explored and both have been proposed to work via different mechanisms. We aimed to gain more insight into identifying treatment parameters and the putative mechanisms involved.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Fluence‐response curves were measured in cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts exposed to 660 or 980 nm from LED sources. Metabolic activity was assessed using the MTT assay for reductases. ATP production, a major event triggered by PBM therapy, was assessed using a luminescence assay. To measure the role of mitochondria, we used an ELISA to measure COX‐1 and SDH‐A protein levels. The respective contributions of cytochrome c oxidase and ATP synthase to the PBM effects were gauged using specific inhibitors.

Results

Keratinocytes and fibroblasts responded differently to exposures at 660 nm (red) and 980 nm (NIR). Although 980 nm required much lower fluence for cell stimulation, the resulting increase in ATP levels was short‐term, whereas 660 nm stimulation elevated ATP levels for at least 24 hours. COX‐1 protein levels were increased following 660 nm treatment but were unaffected by 980 nm. In fibroblasts, SDH‐A levels were affected by both wavelengths, whereas in keratinocytes only 660 nm light impacted SDH‐A levels. Inhibition of ATP synthase nearly completely abolished the effects of both wavelengths on ATP synthesis. Interestingly, inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase did not prevent the rise in ATP levels in response to PBM treatment.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of differing kinetics in response to PBM therapy at red versus NIR wavelength. We also found cell‐type‐specific differences in PBM therapy response to the two wavelengths studied. These findings confirm that different response pathways are involved after 660 and 980 nm exposures and suggest that 660 nm causes a more durable response. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Spider Silk Inspired Robust and Photoluminescent Soybean‐Protein‐Based Materials
Authors: Zhou Ying , Dong Youming , Li Xiaona , Li Jiongjiong , Shi Sheldon Q. , Li Jianzhang , Luo Jing
Published: May 2021

Development of mechanical robust and functional biomass‐based materials still remains challenging. Here, a design strategy inspired by spider silk structure is proposed to prepare strong, robust, and photoluminescent soybean protein isolate (SPI)‐based materials, by integrating epoxy soybean oil (ESO) and SPI as soft phase matrices and graphene oxide quantum dots (GQDs) as hard phase. The results show that the soft–hard coordination network can form a close covalent/hydrogen bond network. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and toughness of the SPI/ESO/GQD film are 13.22 MPa, 209%, and 22.54 MJ m−3, respectively. In addition, SPI/ESO/GQD has strong photoluminescence intensity due to the ring‐opening polymerization of amino structure with epoxy resin. The prepared SPI‐based materials are promising candidates for optical coatings and provide new ideas for the intelligent research of other protein‐based materials.
Size Changes within a Southeastern United States Coastal Shark Assemblage: 1975–2018
Authors: Benavides Martin T. , Fodrie F. Joel , Fegley Stephen R. , Bargione Giada
Published: May 2021

Harvest may have myriad effects on target species, including a change in population size structure. To assess whether size shifts have occurred among managed coastal species of shark (superorder Selachimorpha), we examined the population size structure of 12 species caught during a nearly five-decade-long fishery-independent survey conducted in Onslow Bay, North Carolina, using standardized longline gear. We evaluated trends in mean fork length (FL), median FL, and index of maximum FL (L90%) for each species separately across time using linear regression models. We also examined trends in size-classes (200-mm bins) and catch per unit effort for each species over time. For 10 of the 12 species (excluding sample-size-constrained Tiger Shark Galeocerdo cuvier and Bull Shark Carcharhinus leucas), size structure metrics indicated decreasing sizes over time, although statistical confidence for these patterns varied across species and metrics. Strongest statistical support for declining sizes was observed for Blacknose Shark Carcharhinus acronotus (mean FL, median FL, L90%), Dusky Shark Carcharhinus obscurus (L90%), Smooth Dogfish Mustelus canis (L90%), and Atlantic Sharpnose Shark Rhizoprionodon terraenovae (L90%). Magnitude of decreases in L90% among these 10 species during the survey ranged from roughly 9% (Silky Shark Carcharhinus falciformis; 83-mm decrease) to 35% (Sandbar Shark Carcharhinus plumbeus; 541-mm decrease). Our findings indicate a potential for fishing pressure to exert directional selection on these coastal shark species, although further research is needed regarding the nature of size-dependent catchability and species-specific vital rates to adequately evaluate these dynamics. Furthermore, in addition to the removal of “great sharks,” decreasing sizes of small coastal sharks, such as Blacknose Shark, Smooth Dogfish, and Atlantic Sharpnose Shark (i.e., “mesopredators”), suggest that harvest may have pervasive effects on species throughout this assemblage.
Development and validation of knowledge of caring for COVID‐19 tool
Authors: Albarwani Saada , Almaskari Mohammed A. , Alalawi Salwa Saleh , Almaskari Turkiya Saleh , Alshidi Amal Said
Published: May 2021

Aim

We aimed to examine the validity and reliability of a newly developed tool that measures nursing and allied health students’ knowledge of caring for patients with COVID‐19.

Method

We developed in five phases (literature review, item development, expert evaluation using content validity index, revisions based on a pilot test, and exploratory factor and reliability analyses on the data from the main study). We administered online surveys (the pilot test & the main study using a cross‐sectional design) to students in a governmental health sciences college in Oman.

Results

The pilot test had 43 participants, and the main study had 507. The item content validity index scores ranged from 0.81–1.00, and the scale content validity index for 20 items was 0.95. The factor analysis revealed a three‐factor solution. The overall Cronbach’s alpha for the final (19‐item) version of the tool after item deletion was 0.76. The reliabilities for Subscales 1, 2, and 3 were 0.83, 0.67, and 0.51, respectively.
The risk of venous thromboembolism associated with midline catheters compared with peripherally inserted central catheters: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lu Huapeng , Yang Qinling , Yang Lili , Qu Kai , Tian Boyan , Xiao Qigui , Xin Xia , Lv Yi , Zheng Xuemei
Published: May 2021

Background

Both midline catheters (MCs) and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) can cause venous thromboembolism (VTE), but the prevalence associated with each is controversial.

Objective

To compare the risk of VTE between MCs and PICCs with a systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

The Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, the Cochrane Library and ProQuest were searched from inception to January 2020. All studies comparing the risk of VTE between MCs and PICCs were included. Selected studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Downs and Black checklist. Two authors independently assessed the literature and extracted the data. Any different opinion was resolved through third‐party consensus. Meta‐analyses were conducted to generate estimates of VTE risk in patients with MCs versus PICCs, and publication bias was evaluated with RevMan 5.3.

Results

A total of 86 studies were identified. Twelve studies were recruited, involving 40,871 patients. The prevalence of VTE with MCs and PICCs was 3.97% (310/7806) and 2.29% (758/33065), respectively. Meta‐analysis showed that the prevalence of VTE with MCs was higher than that with PICCs (RR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.33–1.76, p < .00001). Subgroup analyses by age showed that the prevalence of VTE with MCs was higher than that with PICCs in the adult group (RR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.38–2.22, p < .00001), and higher than that with PICCs in the other subgroups (RR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.19–1.69, p = .0001). Subgroup analyses by nation showed that the prevalence of VTE with MCs was higher than that with PICCs (RR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.30–1.73, p < .00001) in US subgroup and higher than that with PICCs (RR=2.87, 95% CI: 1.24–6.65, p = .01) in the other nations. The sensitivity analysis shows that the results from this meta‐analysis are robust and all studies have no significant publication bias.

Conclusions

This study provides the first systematic assessment of the risk of VTE between MCs and PICCs. MCs are associated with a higher risk of VTE than PICCs in all patients and adults. The findings of this study have several important implications for future practice. However, the risk of VTE between MCs and PICCs in children is unclear.
Nurses’ burnout and quality of life: A systematic review and critical analysis of measures used
Authors: Khatatbeh Haitham , Pakai Annamária , Al‐Dwaikat Tariq , Onchonga David , Amer Faten , Prémusz Viktória , Oláh András
Published: May 2021

Background

Nurses’ burnout might affect their quality of life, productivity and nursing care services.

Aim

The aim of this systematic review was to systemically review the relationship between nurses’ burnout and quality of life and to introduce practical recommendations to reduce nurses’ BO and improve their QOL.

Methods

In April 2021, MeSH terms (("Nurses"[Mesh]) AND "Burnout, Professional"[Mesh]) AND "Quality of Life"[Majr] were used to search five electronic databases: CINAHL, PubMed, Medline, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection and Google Scholar.

Results

The search produced 21 studies exploring nurses’ burnout and their quality of life within the last ten years (2009–2021). Most of these studies found significant relationships between the burnout dimension(s) and quality of life dimension(s) among the nurses.

Conclusion

Nurses have moderate to high levels of burnout and were negatively associated with poor quality of life. Interventional programs are needed to decrease nurses’ burnout and improve their quality of life.
Dramatic toughness improvement of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) by supercritical carbon dioxide–assisted annealing
Authors: Chen Lina , Mao Rongshui , Zhang Li , Xu Jinke , Li Delong , Bao Jinbiao , Wang Zongbao
Published: May 2021

Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2)–assisted annealing process has demonstrated promising prospects in the toughness enhancement of polymers. Herein, this effective method was adopted to toughen a biodegradable polymer, poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). Significantly, the greatly improved tensile toughness and impact toughness of PHBV were achieved. It is noted that the 26 times enhancement in tensile toughness and 2.4 times improvement in impact toughness were obtained for the sample treated at annealing temperature of 90°C and saturation pressure of 10 MPa. More importantly, the toughness mechanism was further explored via various characterizations. It is indicated that the increment in the toughness of PHBV after scCO2‐assisted annealing was closely related to the perfection of microstructure sample and the appearance of micro‐voids.
Complex behavioral interventions targeting physical activity and dietary behaviors in pediatric oncology: A scoping review
Authors: Demers Catherine , Brochu Annie , Higgins Johanne , Gélinas Isabelle
Published: May 2021

As cancer and its treatment negatively impacts the long‐term health and quality of life of survivors, there is a need to explore new avenues to prevent or minimize the impact of adverse effects in children with cancer and cancer survivors. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to report on the state of the evidence on the use and effects of complex behavioral interventions (CBI) targeting physical activity and/or dietary behaviors in pediatric oncology. Fourteen quantitative studies were included, evaluating interventions that used a combination of two or three different treatment modalities. Overall, studies demonstrated that it is feasible to implement CBI and that they can potentially improve physical activity and dietary behaviors as well as patient outcomes such as physical and psychological health. Unfortunately, due to a paucity of studies and the heterogeneity of the studies included in this review, no conclusive evidence favoring specific interventions were identified.
Cancer stem cell marker DCLK1 reprograms small extracellular vesicles toward migratory phenotype in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Carli Annalisa L. E. , Afshar‐Sterle Shoukat , Rai Alin , Fang Haoyun , O'Keefe Ryan , Tse Janson , Ferguson Fleur M. , Gray Nathanael S. , Ernst Matthias , Greening David W. , Buchert Michael
Published: May 2021

Doublecortin‐like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is a putative cancer stem cell marker, a promising diagnostic and prognostic maker for malignant tumors and a proposed driver gene for gastric cancer (GC). DCLK1 overexpression in a majority of solid cancers correlates with lymph node metastases, advanced disease and overall poor‐prognosis. In cancer cells, DCLK1 expression has been shown to promote epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), driving disruption of cell‐cell adhesion, cell migration and invasion. Here, we report that DCLK1 influences small extracellular vesicle (sEV/exosome) biogenesis in a kinase‐dependent manner. sEVs isolated from DCLK1 overexpressing human GC cell line MKN1 (MKN1OE‐sEVs), promote the migration of parental (non‐transfected) MKN1 cells (MKN1PAR). Quantitative proteome analysis of MKN1OE‐sEVs revealed enrichment in migratory and adhesion regulators (STRAP, CORO1B, BCAM, COL3A, CCN1) in comparison to MKN1PAR‐sEVs. Moreover, using DCLK1‐IN‐1, a specific small molecule inhibitor of DCLK1, we reversed the increase in sEV size and concentration in contrast to other EV subtypes, as well as kinase‐dependent cargo selection of proteins involved in EV biogenesis (KTN1, CHMP1A, MYO1G) and migration and adhesion processes (STRAP, CCN1). Our findings highlight a specific role of DCLK1‐kinase dependent cargo selection for sEVs and shed new light on its role as a regulator of signaling in gastric tumorigenesis.
Cognitive function and emotional vulnerability in metastatic breast cancer: Moderating effects of age and social support
Authors: Dobretsova Anna , Derakshan Nazanin
Published: May 2021

Objective

Previous literature has established a relationship between cognitive function and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post‐traumatic stress in primary breast cancer, but not in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The current study examined the relationship between cognitive function and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post‐traumatic stress as well as the moderating effects of age, time since MBC diagnosis, and social support.

Methods

Subjective and objective measures of cognitive function as well as self‐reports of emotional vulnerability were completed by 59 women diagnosed with MBC who were recruited through social media and support groups.

Results

Emotional vulnerability scores were associated with perceived measures of cognitive function. Additionally, low levels of perceived cognitive function were met with increased levels of depression with social support moderating this relationship buffering against depression. Age was found to moderate the relationship between cognitive function and post‐traumatic stress with younger women at a greater risk of vulnerability. Out of all the emotional vulnerability measures, only anxiety negatively correlated with objective task performance.

Conclusions

This study established a relationship between cognitive function and emotional vulnerability in MBC patients. It emphasised how vulnerable younger MBC women are to post‐traumatic stress, and the importance of the combined effects of cognitive function and social support in buffering against depression. Our results have important implications for developing new interventions and treatment plans that consider the roles of these factors in ensuring a better quality of life in MBC.
Horizon scanning to assess the bioclimatic potential for the alien species Spodoptera eridania and its parasitoids after pest detection in West and Central Africa
Authors: Tepa‐Yotto Ghislain T , Gouwakinnou Gérard N , Fagbohoun Johannes R , Tamò Manuele , Sæthre May‐Guri
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

The southern armyworm (SAW) Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is native to the tropical Americas where the pest can feed on more than 100 plant species. SAW was recently detected in West and Central Africa, feeding on various crops including cassava, cotton, amaranth and tomato. The current work was carried out to predict the potential spatial distribution of SAW and four of its co‐evolved parasitoids at a global scale using the maximum entropy (Maxent) algorithm.

RESULTS

SAW may not be a huge problem outside its native range (the Americas) for the time being, but may compromise crop yields in specific hotspots in coming years. The analysis of its potential distribution anticipates that the pest might easily migrate east and south from Cameroon and Gabon.

CONCLUSION

The models used generally demonstrate that all the parasitoids considered are good candidates for the biological control of SAW globally, except they will not be able to establish in specific climates. The current paper discusses the potential role of biological control using parasitoids as a crucial component of a durable climate‐smart integrated management of SAW to support decision making in Africa and in other regions of bioclimatic suitability. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
How has Science Education changed over the last 100 years? An analysis using natural language processing
Authors: Odden Tor Ole B. , Marin Alessandro , Rudolph John L.
Published: May 2021

For well over a century, the journal Science Education has been publishing articles about the teaching and learning of science. These articles represent more than just a repository of past work: they have the potential to offer insights into both the history of science education as well as well as the dynamics of field‐specific change. It can be difficult, however, for educators, researchers, reformers, and policymakers to grasp the nuances of over 100 years of scholarship given the overwhelming amount of textual material. To address this problem, we have used latent Dirichlet allocation, an automated machine‐learning algorithm from the field of natural language processing, to perform an automated literature review and classification of the corpus of work in Science Education. Using this technique, we have classified research in the journal into 21 distinct topics, falling into three thematic groups: science content topics, teaching‐focused topics, and student‐focused topics. We have also quantified the rise and fall of these topics and groups over time, and used them to begin to extract insight into the development of the field, including the effects of national policy changes on topics of interest to the research community, the interrelationships between different research topics, and the effects of intellectual cross‐pollination. Based on this analysis, we argue that this technique shows great promise for even larger‐scale analyses of educational literature and other textual data.