bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Numerical Simulation for Bulk Nanostructure of AL-6082 Alloy Material Produced by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP)
Authors: Benisa Muamar , Younise Bashir , Aswihli Hitem
Published: September 2024

Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is asevere plastic deformation (SPD) method, which used toproduce ultra fine-grained (UFG) material . Theconventional way to develop press-formed metalliccomponents requires a burden some trial-and-error processfor setting-up the technology, whose success depends largelyon the operator’s skill and experience [6,7]. The finiteelement (FE) simulations of ECAP process help themanufacturing engineer to design a forming process byshifting the costly press-shop try-outs to the computer-aideddesign environment. Numerical simulations of amanufacturing process, such as ECAP, have beenintroduced, in order to avoid the trial-and-error procedureand to shorten the development phases when tight time-tomarket
is demanded. The main aim of the investigationpresented in this paper is to develop a numerical model thatwould be able to successfully simulate the ECAP pressing.The finite-element method was used for die and billetbehavior
predictions during the process. The as-receivedalloy used in this study was the 6082 commercial Al-Mg-Sialloy. High strength and high ductility phenomenon whichrecently was found in materials after ECAP were reachedwith the route C technique up to eight passes with a highlength to diameter ratio i.e. 15-16. The induced anisotropyof specimens after ECAP was monitored.
Distributed SDN Security Frameworks: A Survey
Authors: Houri Eng. Mahmoud
Published: September 2024

Software-Defined Networks (SDN) have recently received much attention and deployment as a new technology that offers more flexibility and efficiency than traditional networks. SDN is a paradigm shift that revolutionizes traditional network design and makes future networks programmable, manageable, and affordable. The use of the SDN in modern networks provides much needed flexibility and transparency to organize and deploy network solutions. It is a new model that separates forwarding & controlling planes, and centralized architecture designed to increase network speed and programming capability. However, from the current security point of view, the SDN still has some problems, especially for the advanced persistent attacks such as the DDOS, the side channel attacks in Clouds, the SDN stack control plane saturation attacks, and the switch flow table exhaustion attacks. Also, the existing SDN-based security systems are constrained by a central framework that provides significant overheads for the control plane, leading to the breakdown of vital control links.
    In this paper, we will present the vulnerabilities and security threats in the SDN network, define the various approaches to solve these problems, and deploy the SDN securely in the production environments. We will survey existing research on distributed SDN security frameworks, there is a number of security frameworks and applications that have been proposed previously, and each one of them builds on a selection of the SDN characteristics.
Overview of the Energy Scenario in India and the World's Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Khalefah Dr. Ibrahim
Published: September 2024

The goal of renewable energy is to provide the power that originates from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, and other sources. Since the use of green energy enhances the environment and reduces global energy consumption, the attention of researchers in this field has been focused on methods of developing green energy resources. Because of using natural resources, the need for microgrid energy systems will be increasing. This paper aims to give an overview of the energy scenario in India and the world renewable energy sources existing in the market today and consider the advantage of using renewable energy resources (RES). This study, afford a brief overview of various RES, their status in India and the World, the socio-economic impact of RES, challenges associated with it, and the future of RES in India in India and the World.
Performance Analysis of Patch Antenna Features Based on Different Substrate Material Properties
Authors: Issa Ismail
Published: September 2024

This paper focuses on the performance analysis features of the patch antenna.  This antenna is designed by using Flame Retardant 4 (FR4), and Roger 4350 substrate materials that will be operating in Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The frequency chosen for this paper is 2.4GHz and it has been chosen from IEEE 802.11 network uses for a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) network. The proposed antenna was developed using Computer Simulation Technology (CST-MW) software. The proposed FR4 substrate shows a higher antenna bandwidth as compared to a Roger substrate, however the antenna gain and directivity was enhanced with Roger substrate. By using this substrate, the antenna gain was enhanced by 40%.
Seawater Intrusion and Nitrate Pollution in the Quaternary Coastal Aquifers of Jefara Plain, Northwestern Part of Libya
Authors: Swaid Fathi , Eltariki Isslam
Published: September 2024

Jefara Plain Quaternary Coastal Aquifer is the most important resource of water supply in the urban coastal, in the northwest part of Libya, used for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. However, groundwater overdraft and contamination are the main problems affecting the aquifer system.  This study was conducted to evaluate the principal hydrogeochemical processes controlling groundwater quality in the urban coastal strip. Besides, investigation of the threats of seawater intrusion and pollution was carried out. In addition, 59 groundwater samples were collected from different wells and analyzed for various parameters. Major cations and anions analyzed in the groundwater samples reveal that groundwater is mainly affected by several factors such as dissolution of calcite and dolomite, seawater intrusion due to aquifer overexploitation, and nitrate pollution mainly caused by the intense agricultural activities and leakage of nitrate from septic pits.
In-plane Shear Behaviour of Novel Thick Stitched Textile Reinforcements Part II: Quantitative Analysis of Shear Locking Angle
Authors: Bu Jldain Hafeth
Published: September 2024

A quantitative analysis of the in-plane shear test results reported in PhD thesis of Hafeth Bu Jldain was preformed in this paper. Analysis of the results was conducted from experimental and analytical bases. It was conducted experimentally through comparing the results obtained for uO-APT samples with the results obtained for samples made from an industrial fabric manufactured by GmbH Saertex. The analytical validation was conducted through systematic Taguchi plans. These plans investigate, the effect of the type of reinforcement (A and B), the effect of the number of layers, and the effect of stitching setup (R-45, R+45, R0 and R90) on the behavior of the reinforcements. The plans primarily analyzed the extent to which the reinforcement may shear and the force required to do so.Shear test results for stitching orientation R-45 and R+45 show the ability of the new fabric to shear under lower shear forces, which ranged between 0 N and 25 N needed to shear uO-APT reinforcements to shear angles ranging from 50° to 55° before wrinkling was observed.
استخدام نحو اللغة العربية الوظيفي في تحسين استخراج المعلومات من النص العربي غير المهيكل
Authors: خليل حسين , مليطان محمد , بادي محمد
Published: September 2024

ينشر – يومياً - كم هائل من المعلومات على شبكة الإنترنت في أشكال متعددة، وثائق، مدونات...إلخ عبر شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي. وبما أن معظم هذه البيانات متاحة في شكل وثائق غير منظمة، فإنه من الصعب البحث في هذا الكم الهائل من البيانات والوصول إلى نتائج محددة ومفيدة فضلا عن إنفاق الوقت الطويل في ذلك. وبالتالي، فإن البحث والوصول إلى المعرفة المفيدة من هذه البيانات والنصوص غير المهيكلة تتزايد أهميته كل يوم.
    يركز هذا العمل على استخلاص المعلومات من النص العربي غير المهيكل الموجود على شبكة الانترنت وهي مهمة صعبة خاصة إذا كنا نروم الوصول إلى معلومات عن طريق التحليل للمستويات الصرفية-النحوية والدلالية والتداولية للغة العربية. ومما يزيد من صعوبة المهمة وتعقيد المشكلة عدم وجود بحوث متقدمة في هذا المجال بالنسبة للغة العربية بالمقارنة مع اللغات الأوروبية مثلا.
    الهدف الرئيسي من هذا العمل البحثي هو تقديم منهجية شاملة لاستخراج المعلومات من النصوص العربية غير المهيكلة الموجودة على شبكة الانترنت باستخدام تقنيات معالجة اللغات الطبيعية التي ثبتت فعاليتها في حل معظم مشاكل التصنيف من أجل تحسين عملية استخراج المعلومات من النصوص والوثائق غير المهيكلة على الانترنت.
   تكمن أهمية أدوات هذه البرمجة في كونها تلعب دورا رئيسيا في تيسير الوصول إلى تعيين ووسم المفردات بناء على دلالتها في النصوص غير المهيكلة، لنتمكن بعد ذلك من الوصول إلى الغاية الكبرى وهو الويب الدلالي. ويعرض هذا العمل نهجا قائما على قواعد جديدة – على مستوى معالجة اللغة العربية حاسوبيا - باستخدام تقنيات علم اللسانيات، وتحديدا نظرية النحو الوظيفي لسيمون ديك، متخذا من المستوى الدلالي للغة موضوعا لهذا البحث، كما يسهم بحثنا في تطبيق نهج جديد فيما يتعلق باستخراج العلاقات من النص العربي غير المنظم في المجال الاقتصادي التي تعتبر واحدة من أهم البيانات غير المهيكلة التي يتم نشرها يوميا على الانترنت، بالاعتماد على نظرية النحو الوظيفي.
Performance Analysis of Dual-Arm Printed Monopole Antenna for LTE1800/2600
Authors: Alsoussa Asma , Mansour Ghaith , Elmahdi Mohammed , Nugoolcharoenlap Ekasit
Published: September 2024

Dual-arm printed monopole antenna covering 1.8GHz and 2.6GHz bands for LTE applications is presented. The antenna consists of two parallel monopoles fed by a microstrip line. The ground plane is of length 40 mm and width 50 mm. The 50Ω microstrip feed line and the dual-arm monopole are printed on a dielectric substrate at the opposite side of the ground plane. The dielectric substrate is made of FR4 material which has dielectric constant of ɛr = 4.5 and thickness of 0.8mm. The proposed antenna provides a good return loss, omni-directional radiation patterns, and good directivity. The proposed antenna is simulated using the 3-D electromagnetic solver of CST®.
The Impact of Increased Traffic and Explosion Loads on the Concrete Bridges Baniwalid Bridge - Case Study
Authors: Emhemed Abdelrazag , Musbah Ali , almukhtar Isa , Allam Allam
Published: September 2024

The Baniwalid Bridge is located at the entrance of the city. This bridge was implemented during the seventies of the last century and was opened to traffic in the eighties. It is considered the main artery for traffic, linking the two sides of the city. Its length is about 500m, and its width is 20m. It has two directions; each direction is 8 meters wide. The construction system of the bridge consists of 31 average spans, each of which is 14.5 meters long, and each span consists of 18 pre-stressed beams, with a height of 0.72 meters and a width of 1.00 meters. Traffic increased within the city in previous years as a result of the closure of the coastal road, which led to a change in the movement of freight and land transport to eastern and southern Libya through the cities of Baniwalid and Gharyan, where the bridge was subjected to very high traffic loads that far exceed the design loads. In this study, the bridge was inspected, some previous reports were reviewed, and the construction status of the bridge was determined in general. There are many cracks in the bridge due to water, shells and increased traffic. The foundations were also exposed to erosion due to torrential rains. In general, the bridge needs immediate maintenance.
Performance Evaluation of Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) with digital modulation schemes
Authors: Masoud Fathi , Algamel Abdelbary
Published: September 2024

Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) isnew significant research area, as it gives novel idea ofmultiplexing the communication channels on the samefrequency and time slot , which can present revolutionaryoutcomes.The general idea of (NOMA) is based on usingSuccessive Interface Cancelling (SIC) , where each user ofthe channel is distinguished by its unique power level, andthen all the users are modulated/demodulated in certainorder.In this study, many experiments are run to examineNOMA with digital modulation schemes, such as ASK, PSK,FSK, QPSK, and 8 QAM. MATLAB codes are built toperform each experiment.According to the performed simulation, 8-QAM has thelowest Bit Error Rate (BER).
Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Reduction Gas Emissions Level inTurbine Combustor
Authors: Baej Hesham , Adeilla Salem
Published: September 2024

in this paper, (CFD) Computational Fluid Dynamics was used for a detailed burner design by the software Fluent (ANSYS). However, a number of numerical simulations were performed on a generic swirl burner and turbulence flow selection of a non-premixed which using syngas.However, non-premixed flames which characterized by relatively high temperatures, high NOx concentrations, and emission indices. The results showed that the presence of methane in syngas increases the peak flame temperature and the thermal NOx, significantly.Therefore, Investigation showed that effecting of H2, CO, and N2 contents in the fuel mixture level NOx emissions, thus the present compositions for pure methane are respectively influenced on syngas1 by (10% CH4, 45% H2, 45% CO) , syngas2 by (50% CH4, 10% H2, 40%N2) and syngas3 (60% CH4, 20% H2, 20%N2).
BIM Application on Sustainable Design
Authors: Elmazek Eman
Published: September 2024

Sustainable design is a must in today construction industry. However, it needs effective tools to facilitate design decisions from the beginning to the end to save time and avoid any mistakes that might be fatal to green strategies. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. As such it serves as a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its lifecycle from inception onward. BIM not only brings technical benefits to the development process, but delivers an innovative and integrated working platform to improve productivity and sustainability throughout the project life cycle [Elmualim et al. 2014]. This paper investigates the potentials and possibilities that BIM can add to the sustainable design process through all phases from schematic phase to construction and management phases. The objective of the study is to demonstrate examples and how BIM can make green design decisions easier. The paper also investigates in the integrated process of BIM and its benefits to sustainable design. Finally, it detects the future of the construction industry needs in terms of BIM and what is expected.
Effect of Organic Corrosion Inhibitor on Mechanical and Transport Properties of concrete
Authors: Altushani Suhayb , Benomran Hamza
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the effect of organic corrosion inhibitors on Mechanical and Transport Properties of concrete was studied. Two types of organic inhibitors, one is added to the concrete mix (sika Ferrogard®-901), and another one applied on the concrete surface (sika Ferrogard®-903. The properties of the fresh concrete (workability and air content) and of the hardened concrete (compressive strength, Porosity, and water absorption) were evaluated. The transport properties (permeability, capillary absorption, and diffusion) were also evaluated. From the results, it was found that the effect of the organic inhibitor (Ferrogard®-901) was clear on the properties of fresh concrete. so that Workability increased with the addition of organic corrosion inhibitors. The effect of (OCI) on the compressive strength at all ages was not significant. The effect of organic inhibitors on the porosity of concrete was also not significant, although the porosity of the samples with Ferrogard®-901 was lower. As for the permeability test, both samples containing (sika Ferrogard®-901) and (sika Ferrogard®-903) outperformed the control sample. In addition to the clear effect of (sika Ferrogard®-901) in reducing the permeability. Both organic inhibitors affected the diffusion and capillary absorption of concrete.he
Properties of Cement Mortars Made With Local Steel Slag
Authors: Farag Muhammad , Abdalkader Ashraf
Published: September 2024

As a way to reduce the impact of the cement industry and reduce its production cost, researchers have studied to use by product materials such as fly ash, silica fume and slag as a partial replacement for Portland cement in the making of concrete. In this study, the effect of partial cement replacement with Libyan electric arc furnace steel slag in different substitution levels (0, 10, 20 and 30% by weight) were investigated using cement mortars. Slag of 350 m2/kg Blaine fineness was used in this study. The mortar specimens were tested for compressive, flexural and direct tensile strengths at the ages of 3, 7, 28, 56 and 90 days. The effect of slag content on mortar workability was studied. Setting times and soundness of cement paste were also investigated.The experimental results showed that replacement of cement by slag causes delay in cement setting times. Setting times increases as the slag content increases. The results also showed that compressive, direct tensile and flexural strength of mortar improves with time and the development in strengths is influenced by the slag content. The addition of 10% electrical arc furnace slag (EAFS) has positive effect on compressive, tensile and flexural strengths of mortar at late age.
Influence of Ultrafine Steel Slag Powder Content Upon Cement Mortar
Authors: Elsaedi Abdullah , Benomran Hamza , Elhaddad Faraj
Published: September 2024

Steel slag (Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag) is a by-product left over from the conversion of iron to steel in steel industries. This paper reports the results of an experimental study on partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with steel slags powder produced in Libya (Libyan Iron and Steel Company). The effects of various replacement ratios of ultrafine steel slag powder to Portland cement (i.e., 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) on the workability, mechanical, physical and chemical properties were studied. The fineness of steel slag powder was standardized by using a 63 μm sieve. The properties of cement pastes and mortars with ultrafine steel slag powder were tested including water requirement of normal consistency, setting time, soundness, fluidity, dry bulk density, total porosity, water absorption capacity. compressive and flexural strength. The results showed that for cement pastes with ultrafine steel slag powder, the normal consistency water requirement were increased significantly. Both the initial setting time and final setting time were also accelerated than that of the control sample. The partial replacement of cement by ultrafine steel slag powder decreases the compressive and flexural strength, but increases the fluidity which improves the workability of the mortar. The results showed that the optimum content of ultrafine steel slag powder as a replacement of OPC was 10%.
Waste Heat Conversion to Power via Organic Rankine Cycle
Authors: Aissa Mohamed , Elhamshri Fawzi , Elshaflu Hana
Published: September 2024

several studies have been carried out on how to recover waste heat using Organic Rankine cycle. Each study applied different working conditions, power scale and cycle configuration, hence an assessment of working fluids is given for specific case. As a result, no single working fluid have been identified that would meet an entire heat source temperature levels. This motivated us to examine various substances for use as working fluids for subcritical ORC systems operating in the temperature range (543 - 633K). In this study, with a given finite thermal source, performance of working fluid candidates are evaluated and assessed using four criteria: thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, total exergy destruction and net power output. Results of the study indicate that from a performance point of view, the linear alkanes such as nonane seem to be a suitable fluid in the temperature range (543-573K). Beyond aforementioned temperature range it appears that aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, ethylbenzene, P-xylene, O-xylene, propylbenzene preformed better. Under this condition, they represent comparably similar proposed screening criteria parameters and comparably high evaporating pressure, with only occasional slight differences between them.
دراسة سلوك الخلطات الاسفلتية تحت احمال الضغط باستخدام اختبار الضغط الغير محصور
Authors: ابوراوي بشير , الجنيدي محمد
Published: September 2024

أن التقدم التكنولوجي الذي بدأ في عصر الطرق الحديثة مزال مستمرا حتى اليوم. ولقد امتدت المعرفة الى مجالات التربة والمواد المستخدمة في انشاء الطريق مما جعل تصميم وتنفيذ وصيانة الطرق الأن اكثر كفاءة واقل في التكاليف. هذا بالإضافة الى التقدم الكبير الحاصل في الآلات المستخدمة في انشاء الطرق وكذلك في أدارة اعمال الانشاء نفسها والذي يؤدي الى ثورة في طرق الانشاء والصيانة. ويعتبر قطاع النقل من أهم القطاعات التي تدعم العملية الاقتصادية ويعتبر الركيزة الأساسية للاقتصاد القومي لهذا ظهرت الحاجة لوجود الطرق بمواصفات فنية ممتازة تكون فيها الحركة المرورية مريحة ومنتظمة وخالية من المشاكل والحوادث. أظهرت بعض الطرق الإسفلتية المبنية حديثًا انه يحدث بها انهيارات سابقة لأوانها مما يترتب على ذلك من آثار سلبية على كل من سلامة الطرق والاقتصاد و السائق. ومن أنواع الفشل الرئيسية الموجودة في تلك الطرق المشيدة حديثًا الضرر الناتج من التقادم واختلاف درجات الحرارة. تهدف هذه الدراسة لتقييم الطرق الإسفلتية المستهدفة ومعرفة سلوك الخرسانة الاسفلتية تحت احمال الضغط باستخدام اختبار الضغط الغير محصور. ولأجل تحقيق هدف الدراسة تم أخذ عينات لسبع طرق واجراء اختبار الضغط الغير محصور لمعرفة سلوكها ومدى كفاءة أدائها في الظروف البيئية المختلفة واوضحت النتائج ان استخادم اختبار الضغط الغير محصور كان مفيدا جدا في الحصول على نتائج يمكن من خلالها التقييم للطرق وتراوحت قيمة مقاومة الضغط الغير محصور للطرق المختبرة من  550MPa  إلى 770 MPa وأعطت قيم التدفق نتائج مماثلة.
التراث والمعمار المستدام "غريان كحالة دراسة"
Authors: قريو محمود
Published: September 2024

تزخر ليبيا بألوان شتى من العمارة المحلية حسب الموقع والمناخ السائد وهو ما يميز المناطق عن بعضها البعض، ولعل عمارة بيوت الحفر بجبل نفوسه هي أحد هذه الأصناف التي تطرقت إليها الورقة حيث سيقوم الباحث بتسليط الضوء على هذا التراث المستدام كبيئة معمارية تعبر عن طبيعة المكان بإعتباره من أهم ركائز التنمية المستدامة. وتكمن إشكالية البحث في عدم الإهتمام بعمارة بيوت الحفر نظراً لما تتميز به من خصائص بيئية مقاومة للظروف والعوامل المناخية. كما تهدف الورقة للتعرف على هذا النوع من المعمار وخصائصه البيئية. بالإضافة إلى دوره في التنمية المستدامة. وتوثيقه كتراث معماري مستدام، إلى جانب المساهمة في نشر المعرفة لإحياء التراث الذي يعبر عن الهوية المحلية. ولتحقيق أهداف البحث فإن المنهج الذي أتبعه الباحث هو المنهج الوصفي من خلال دراسة وجمع البيانات ذات العلاقة بالإضافة إلى المنهج التحليلي لتحليل هذه المعلومات وعمل إسثمارة الإستبيان التي تم توزيعها على المبحوثين. حيث أمكن التوصل إلى جملة من النتائج أهمها نقص الوعي الثقافي بمفهوم العمارة المستدامة، إلى جانب إستفادة أهالي المنطقة من الموارد الطبيعية المتاحة، كما تميزت عمارة بيوت الحفر بوجود الفناء الداخلي الذي ساهم في توفير الراحة الحرارية. بالإضافة إلى تأثير العولمة والتحضر على عادات مستخدمي هذه البيوت. إلى جانب تدني القيمة التراثية نتيجة إهمال الدولة لها ولبنيتها التحتية. وفي الختام خلص الباحث إلى بعض التوصيات العامة منها على سبيل المثال لا الحصر ضرورة نشر الوعي الثقافي من أجل الحفاظ على الهوية والتراث المعماري المستدام، إعادة تأهيل وتطوير بيوت الحفر وربط نسيجها العمراني بالبيئة المحيطة، الإستفادة من المقومات الطبيعية وإعادة تدويرها، توثيق بيوت الحفر وتسجيلها في قائمة التراث العالمي، ترميم هذه البيوت والإهتمام بالبنية التحتية لها بإعتبارها جزء لا يتجزأ من التراث المعماري والعمراني للمدينة، الإستفادة من الدراسات السابقة في تطبيق مفهوم التراث والمعمار السياحي المستدام.
(Gray coding) التقليل من نسبة خطأ البت لنظام تضمين الازاحة متعددة الأطوار باستخدام تقنية
Authors: بإبانة محمد , حسين محمد , عكاشة علي , الشنوكي علي
Published: September 2024

في هذه الورقة قمنا بدراسة أنظمة التضمين الرقمية  متعددة  الاطوار M-PSK باعتبارها تستخدم بشكل كبير في انظمة الاتصالات الرقمية , ونتيجة للضوضاء والمشاكل التي تحدت خلال وسط الاتصال يتأثر نظام M-PSK  بشكل كبير كلما زاد مستوى التضمين M مما يتسبب في وجود اخطاء عند استقبال الاشارة ليتكون ما يسمى بالخطاء في البت Bit Error Rate, حيث تعتبر الضوضاء من اهم الاسباب الرئيسية في التقليل من جودة الاتصالات أثناء عملية الارسال والاستقبال , للتقليل من نسبة الخطأ في البت BER  الناتج عن الضوضاء قمنا باستخدام تقنية ترميز غراي Gray coding كونه ترميز تنائي يستخدم في الانظمة الرقمية , حيث تمت عملية المحاكاة باستخدام برنامج الما تلاب (  MATLAB R2013a)  لمعرفة نسبة خطأ البتات , والمقارنة بين نسبة البتات المرسلة والمستقبلة و بين القيم النظرية والعملية , ومن خلال النتائج المتحصل عليها أثبتت فاعلية تقنية Gray coding في تقليل أخطاء البتات الناتجة عن الضوضاء في أنظمة  M-PSK.
دراسة خصائص الخرسانة عالية النفاذية باستخدام ركام الاودية الجافة
Authors: عبدالسلام الفضيل , فرج عبد الدايم , البدال علي
Published: September 2024

في هذه الدراسة تم العمل على ركام بدون  زاويا ( املس ) ويمكن الحصول على هذا النوع من الركــام فـــــي الوديان الجافـــــــــــة ( زلط الاودية  الجافة )  كمــا تــــــــم العمل فـــــــي هذا الــمشروع بركــــــــام من وادي  ( غرغار و  تينيناي ) وتم ايضا دراســـــة خواص الركام كتدرج ونسبة امتصاص والوزن النوعـــــــــي والتفلطح والكثافة ، وللحصول على خرسانة نافذة تم خلط المواد ( ركام– ماء– اسمنت) بنسبة خلط 2:1:4 وتم تحديد اوزان المواد المستخدمة في الخلط للمتر المكعب الواحد  ومن الاختبارات المعملية  حــــددت  w/c35% وتــــم العمل علـــــى  4 تدرجــــات من الركــــام هـــي ،  ( 20 الـــــى 12.5 ) ، ( 12.5 الـــــــى10 ) ، ( 10 الـــــــى5 ) ،  ( 20 الــــــى 5 ) . وتم اجراء الاختبارات المعملية علـــى الخرسانــــة  النافذة   الهدف من هذه الاختبارات هو تحديـــد خـــــــواص الخرسانة النافذة ومعرفة ما اذا كانت صالحة او غير صالحة والتي تتضمن ، مقاومة الضغط ، النفاذية ، نسبــة الفرغــــات ، الكـــثافـــة .
قياس مقدرة العملية الإنتاجية
Authors: زغينين د. منصور , أبوحليقة وئام
Published: September 2024

تعاني بعض المؤسسات الإنتاجية من عدم قدرتها على الإيفاء بمتطلبات التصميم، حيث تظهر بعض العيوب على بعض منتجاتها لأسباب مختلفة؛ من هذه الأسباب: المواد الأولية، الآلات والمعدات الإنتاجية، طريقة أداء العمل، ظروف التشغيل. هناك العديد من التقنيات والأساليب الإحصائية التي تستخدم لتحسين جودة الانتاج والإيفاء بمتطلبات التصميم، ويعد قياس مؤشر مقدرة العملية الإنتاجية أحد هذه المقاييس الإحصائية.
   تهتم هذه الورقة بدراسة مقدرة العملية الإنتاجية لأحد خطوط الإنتاج بمصنع الدرفلة على الساخن بالشركة الليبية للحديد والصلب بمدينة مصراتة، وذلك لمعرفة مدى الإيفاء بالمواصفات الموضوعة. حيث تم أخذ 30 عينة من منتجات هذا الخط الإنتاجي حجم كل منها 5 مفردات للعرض 1000 مم وكذلك 30 عينة حجم كل منها 5 مفردات للعرض 1500 مم، وتم استخدام برنامجMinitab  لرسم لوحة المتوسط والمدى لخاصية العرض، ومن تم حساب مؤشر مقدرة العملية الإنتاجية لمعرفة قدرة الخط الإنتاجي على تحقيق المواصفات المطلوبة، حيث تبين أن عند العرض 1000 مم  مقدرة العملية الإنتاجية تساوي 1.15 أي أن الخط الإنتاجي قادر على تحقيق العرض المطلوب حسب المواصفة، في حين أن عند العرض 1500 مم مقدرة العملية الإنتاجية تساوي 0.68 أي أن الخط الإنتاجي غير قادر على تحقيق العرض المطلوب حسب المواصفة.
دراسة تأثير عمليات الدرفلة على الساخن، والدرفلة على البارد وعملية التلدين على بعض الخواص الميكانيكية و التركيب المجهري للصلب منخفض الكربون
Authors: معاتقي مصباح
Published: September 2024

ركزت هذه الدراسة على تأثير عمليتي الدرفلة على الساخن والبارد وكذلك عملية التلدين، على بعض الخواص الميكانيكية والتركيب المجهري لصلب منخفض الكربون، منتج بالشركة الليبية للحديد والصلب . النتائج المتحصل عليها بينت ازدياد ملحوظ في قيم اجهاد الخضوع ،مقاومة الشد والصلادة بالتزامن مع نقص في الاستطالة وحجم الحبيبيات للصلب المدرفل على البارد مقارنةً بتلك المتحصل عليها بالدرفلة على الساخن . ايضا بينت أن عملية التلدين  للصلب المد رفل على البارد، والتي تعمل على ازالة الاجهادات  الداخلية وخفض كثافة الانخلاعات ، تساهم بشكل كبير في نمو الحبيبيات وانخفاض ملحوظ في كل من اجهاد الخضوع، مقاومة الشد للمعدن وزيادة معدل الاستطالة مما يترتب عليه زيادة قابلية الصلب المدرفل للتشكيل اثناء عمليات التصنيع  اللاحقة.
Experimental Study on the Addition of Date palm Fibers as a Reinforcement in Gypsum Mortar
Authors: Aljewifi H. , Edriss A. , Mohamed A. , Farhat H.
Published: September 2024

Libya is considered one of the major Arab countries in the cultivation of palm trees, as it holds the fifth place in the Arab world in the number of palm trees with about 8 million of them planted on estimated area of 70 thousand hectares. The present paper aims to characterize date-palm fiber-reinforced gypsum mortar, where different percentages of palm fibers were added by substituting with various percentages of gypsum weight. Untreated date palm fibers have been used after extraction process from date tree as (leaf, root, sheath, trunk…). Physical properties of fibers have been measured as volumetric density, coefficient of absorption and water content. Natural date palm fibers have been used without treatment. For mortar cured up to 28 days, its composition which report W/G = 0.6. The present work consists of studying the effect of gypsum mortar reinforcing with different types of date palm fibers, with different lengths (0.53-19 cm) and different percentages (0-6%) on compression behavior in the hardened state. Cubic specimens' compressive strength was (7x7x7 cm), are removed after 24 hours and then conserved in dry air at 28 days for mechanical testing. The mechanical property of composites such as compressive strength of natural fiber composite was reported and compare with the data for control mix. It has been seen form compression test that palm composite has never been higher compressive strength than the control mix.
Evolution of understanding the anatomy of the respiratory system
Authors: Subotyalova A. M. , Subotyalov M. A.
Published: September 2024

This article highlights the history of the development of the anatomy of the respiratory system. The preparation of this publication utilized articles from journals included in the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) and Pub- Med. The depth of the publication search spanned 20 years. The article summarizes knowledge about the development of ideas about the anatomy of the respiratory system. The first mentions of the respiratory organs—lungs, bronchi, trachea—date back to Ancient times. Scientists and physicians of that era attempted to determine the structure of the lungs. Not all medical schools associated breathing with the lungs. During the Renaissance, empirical knowledge in this field continued to accumulate. Autopsies allowed for more detailed descriptions of the chest structure, lungs, trachea, and bronchial system. The invention of the microscope in the 17th century enabled the study of lung structure down to the alveoli and capillaries. Various types of epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, nasal cavity sinuses, and more were described. In modern times, technologies have made it possible to obtain the first microphotographs showing the ultrastructure of the pulmonary capillary and the blood-gas barrier. The history of the development of the understanding of the anatomy of the respiratory system can be considered when studying specific topics within university courses such as "Human Anatomy," "History of Medicine," and "History of Biology."
Blockchain Analytics for Enhanced Security in DeFi Platforms
Authors: Rahul Arulkumaran  , Fnu Antara  , Pronoy Chopra  , Om Goel  , Prof.(Dr.) Arpit Jain
Published: September 2024

Decentralised finance platforms, often known as DeFi, have arisen as a disruptive force in the financial industry. These platforms provide novel alternatives for borrowing, lending, trading, and investing without the need for middlemen facilitating these activities. Decentralised finance has seen fast expansion, which has resulted in the introduction of substantial security issues. These challenges include vulnerabilities to hacking, fraud, and exploitation of smart contracts. Blockchain analytics helps to solve these security problems by offering sophisticated tools and processes to improve transparency, traceability, and risk management within DeFi networks. This is a significant role that blockchain analytics plays in resolving these concerns.
Impact of Lean Six Sigma on Operational Efficiency in Supply Chain Management
Authors: Shashwat Agrawal  , Raja Kumar Kolli  , Shanmukha Eeti  , Prof.(Dr.) Punit Goel  , Prof.(Dr.) Arpit Jain
Published: September 2024

An strategy that has evolved as a transformational way for improving operational efficiency in supply chain management (SCM) is known as Lean Six Sigma. This approach is a combination of the ideas of Lean Manufacturing with the methodology of Six Sigma. The influence of Lean Six Sigma on supply chain management is investigated in this abstract via an analysis of its fundamental concepts, advantages, and problems, as well as implementation options.
Lean concepts are centred on the reduction of waste and the enhancement of value via the streamlining of operations, while Six Sigma is geared towards the reduction of variability and defects through the use of data-driven approaches. Through the integration of various methodologies, the Lean Six Sigma methodology offers a complete framework for enhancing the performance of supply chain operations. Continuous improvement, ensuring that customers are satisfied, and making effective use of available resources are all emphasised by the process.
The use of Lean Six Sigma in supply chain management has the potential to considerably improve operational efficiency by optimising processes, enhancing quality, and lowering costs. Through the use of Lean principles, organisations are able to effectively identify and remove operations that do not add value, simplify workflows, and improve the overall efficiency of their processes. In order to address and remove errors and variability in supply chain operations, Six Sigma methods such as DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, and Control) are used. This ultimately results in goods and services that are of a better quality.
Marketing communications: essence and tasks for accounting
Authors:   National Scientific Center ", Sherstiuk Oleksandr ,   Institute of Agrarian Economy", Hnatieva Tetiana ,   Odesa State Agrarian University, Tkachuk Halyna ,   Odesa National University of Technology
Published: September 2024

Marketing communications is a set of strategic and tactical measures to transfer information from a company to its target audience effectively. They include advertising, PR, digital marketing, and other tools used to build a brand image, stimulate demand for products or services, and maintain customer relationships. A business entity can increase its importance in the market through proper marketing communications, improve its reputation, and achieve competitive advantages. Therefore, proper management of marketing expenses is essential for ensuring financial stability and successful development of the company. At the same time, competent accounting ensures financial and management information clarity and supports strategic planning through accurate cost-benefit analysis. Based on this, the purpose of the study is to summarize the trends in accounting for activities aimed at implementing marketing communications. The following methods were used to conduct the study and to present its results: analysis, synthesis, generalization, specification, and deduction. The graphic method was used to visually present the information. The features of the marketing public relations (MPR) strategy are determined. The composition of marketing costs is considered. The specifics of advertising costs are analyzed. The life cycle of advertising and promotion costs is presented. The scientific novelty of the study is the proposed process of building accounting in the field of marketing communications, which is not a simple reflection of expenses in accounts and reports but includes a list of stages from the registration of expenses to the development of recommendations for making management decisions. The practical significance of the results is that this process can be adapted to the conditions of agro-industrial enterprises’ accurate accounting and management systems. Promising areas for further research are evaluating marketing communications costs in agricultural enterprises, which will improve their market positioning and promote further development. Keywords: marketing communications, advertising, accounting, reporting, marketing expenses.
The role of the principles of total quality management in enterprise activity
Authors:   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Druhova Olena , Dongsheng Jang ,   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics
Published: September 2024

The article examines the influence of the main principles of total quality management (TQM) on the activities of enterprises. The article analyzes critical aspects of TQM, including customer orientation, involvement of all employees, process approach, systems approach to management, continuous improvement, evidence-based decision-making, and mutually beneficial relationships with suppliers. Implementing these principles is considered a strategic step to achieve high-quality standards, increase competitiveness, and satisfy customer needs. The article begins with the justification of the need to implement TQM in modern conditions of market competition, where the quality of products and services is one of the critical success factors. The role of management in forming a quality culture, the importance of involving all employees in the quality improvement process, and the creation of appropriate conditions for their motivation and training are described. The process approach to quality management, which includes identification, optimization, and monitoring of the main processes of the enterprise, is considered in detail. The advantages of a system approach, which helps enterprises to coordinate their actions better and achieve strategic goals, are described. Special attention is paid to continuous improvement, which is critical to competitiveness in a rapidly changing environment. Methods and tools used for continuous process improvement are discussed, as well as the importance of data-driven decision-making to minimize risk and improve management efficiency. The importance of mutually beneficial relations with suppliers, which contribute to improving the quality of products and services and ensure supply stability, is also analyzed. It is shown how long-term partnerships with suppliers can contribute to the overall success of the enterprise. The article presents examples of successful implementation of TQM at various enterprises, demonstrating the practical benefits of applying these principles. Specific outcomes achieved through TQM implementation include increased efficiency, reduced costs, improved product quality, and increased customer satisfaction. The article ends with conclusions about the importance and benefits of implementing the principles of total quality management for enterprises of various industries. It is emphasized that TQM is not only a quality improvement tool but also a strategic approach that contributes to the enterprise’s long-term success and sustainable development. Keywords: total quality management (TQM), principles of TQM, product quality, customer orientation, process approach, a systematic approach to management, quality management, increasing efficiency.
Algebraic and Geometric Properties of a Family of Rational Curves
Authors: Hoffman J. William , Wang Haohao
Published: September 2024

This paper consists of two components - an application part and a theoretical part, where the former targets the applications of computer aided geometric designs in generating parametric curves, and the latter focuses on the algebraic analysis of rational space curves. At the application level, we construct a family of rational space curves via quaternion products of two generating curves. At the theoretical level, we use algebraic methods to extract a $\mu$-basis for this family of curves, and describe a basis for a special submodule of the syzygy module in terms of a $\mu$-basis for the syzygy module of this family of curves. A commutative diagram is provided to summarize these results.
Development Trends of Insurance and Reinsurance Brokers in Georgia
Authors: Marine Khutsishvili Marine Khutsishvili
Published: September 2024

Insurance is a very common and effective tool for managing financial risks. It also assumes the transfer of the risk in full or in part, but in this case the risk is transferred to the insurance company. Let's remember that insurance is one of the financial instruments of risk management, and not the only one. At the same time, it should be noted that insurance is a non-permanent instrument, and it cannot be used for all risks and in all risky situations. There are quite frequent cases when insurance is used together with other risk management tools, that is, it is part of the risk management program. Чачастую рашовые компании themselves require the client to reduce the existing primary risks with the help of physical instruments before signing the insurance contract. For example, in agriculture, it is completely unacceptable to manage risks there only by means of insurance. the first
Keywords: insurance broker, insurance mediator, insurance product, sales channel, independent agent.
Investigation of the mechanical characterization of porcine brain tissue in complex environments
Authors: Weiqi Li  , Peiming Zhang
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Brain tissue immersed in cerebrospinal fluid often exhibits complex deformation and rate-dependent responses. Despite extensive research into its material properties, the impact of solution environments on the mechanical behaviour of brain tissue remains limited. This knowledge gap affects the biofidelity of head modelling. This study aimed to investigate the effect of solution environments on brain tissue under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions.

Methods

Porcine brain tissue was characterized in compression through quasi-static nonlinear testing and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis under various environments: air, physiological saline, and artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Frequencies from 0.1 to 40 Hz were applied to determine dynamic behaviour, while brain samples were compressed up to a 0.3 strain level to obtain nonlinear response. The effects of strain, frequency, and solution environment on the mechanical response of brain tissue were statistically evaluated.

Results

As environmental conditions transitioned from air to artificial cerebrospinal fluid, the average stress of brain tissue increased by approximately 1.3, 1.3, and 1.4 times at strain levels of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3, respectively. A statistically significant increase in dynamic storage and loss moduli was observed between air and artificial cerebrospinal fluid environments. At frequencies above 18 Hz, the tan delta in air was significantly lower.

Conclusions

The mechanical characterization of brain tissue exhibited a dependency on solution environment under both quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. Brain tissue showed higher stress levels and dynamic modulus in solution environments compared to an air environment. The results of this study are valuable for improving head simulations and brain material models.
The Impact of Running Experience and Shoe Longitudinal Bending Stiffness on Lower Extremity Biomechanics
Authors: Shunxiang Gao  , Yang Song  , Dong Sun  , Zhiyi Zheng  , Hairong Chen  , Qiaolin Zhang  , Yining Xu  , Yaodong Gu
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The impacts of shoe stiffness on running biomechanics are well-documented, while the specific effects on the performance of biomechanically distinct groups such as novice runners and experienced runners are still largely unexplored. The study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical effects of different shoe longitudinal bending stiffness (adjusted by inserting carbon plate) on the lower limb during running in novice runners and experienced runners.

Methods

Twelve experienced runners and ten novice runners ran at a speed of 4.47 m/s while randomly wearing shoes with either low stiffness (5.9 Nm/rad) or high stiffness (8.6 Nm/rad). An Opensim musculoskeletal model was adopted for estimating lower limb joint angles, joint angular velocities, joint moment, joint work, peak joint reaction forces during running stance phase.

Results

Results showed that novice runners displayed greater lower limb joint mobility and less joint moment, while experienced runners exhibited less joint mobility but greater joint moment, and higher peak joint reaction forces were observed at the knee and ankle joints. Furthermore, increased shoe longitudinal bending stiffness resulted in higher peak joint reaction forces at the metatarsophalangeal joint for novice runners while lower for experienced runners.

Conclusions

Novice runners may face an increased risk of metatarsal pain or stress fractures when dealing with higher shoe stiffness. This nuanced understanding of joint dynamics underscores the need for tailored training and footwear recommendations to mitigate injury risks specific to different levels of running experience.
Kinematic synergy of speed reduction during stair descent
Authors: Nakamura Jun , Igura Reo , Anan Masaya
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to quantify multi-segmental coordination using Uncontrolled Manifold (UCM) analysis to examine the effect of speed reduction on the control of stair descent.

Methods

Twenty healthy participants performed stair descent at a self-comfortable pace for normal speed conditions, and at a slow speed set to a metronome rhythm of 60 beats/min. UCM analysis was separately conducted for the COM and swing foot, with anteroposterior and vertical movements designated as task variables, and segment angles defined as elemental variables. ΔV, the normalized difference between the variance in segment angle that does not affect task performance (VUCM) and the variance that does affect task performance (VORT) was calculated separately for the COM and swing foot and compared between normal and slow speeds.

Results

The VORT for the COM and the swing foot in the anteroposterior direction were significantly lower at slow speeds than at normal speeds. The VORT of task-relevant segment angles affecting COM control in the vertical direction was significantly higher at slow speed compared to normal speed. Additionally, the ΔV in segment angle variance impacting swing foot control in the anteroposterior direction was significantly greater at slow speed than at normal speed.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that descending stairs at reduced speed promotes enhanced coordination of lower limb segments for controlling the swing foot in the anteroposterior direction, while concurrently increasing segmental variability that destabilizes the vertical COM.