bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A mechanism for Nb incorporation in rutile and application of Zr-in-rutile thermometry: A case study from granulite facies paragneisses of the Mogok metamorphic belt, Myanmar
Authors: Win Maw Maw , Enami M. , Kato T. , Thu Ye Kyaw
Published: April 2017

Rutile grains occur extensively in host phases of biotite and quartz-feldspar aggregate in high-temperature paragneisses of the Mogok metamorphic belt of Myanmar. They occur as an isolated phase and sometimes show intergrowth texture with ilmenite. Most rutile grains contain up to 3.7 wt.% Nb2O5, which shows positive correlations with Fe and trivalent elements. Niobium substitutes for Ti by a coupled substitution with the trivalent cations (M3+) of Nb5+M3+Ti4+-2. Fine-grained rutile grains included in ilmenite are distinctly poor in Nb (<0.1 wt.% as Nb2O5) and contain Fe of 1.7–3.2 wt.% as Fe2O3, suggesting vacancybearing substitution of Fe3+4Ti4+-3□–1, where □ indicates a vacancy. The rutile grains in the felsic phases contain high Zr contents of up to 4200 ppm, suggesting equilibrium temperatures over 800°C using the Ti-in-rutile geothermometer. These high-temperature conditions are consistent with those estimated by conventional methods reported in the literature and suggest widespread occurrences of the upperamphibolite and granulite facies metamorphic rocks in the middle segment of the Mogok metamorphic belt. In contrast, the Zr contents of rutile grains in biotite are usually <1000 ppm, implying equilibrium temperatures lower than 750°C. Most of the rutile grains poorer in Zr might have been included in biotite and were isolated from the zircon-bearing system during an early stage of prograde metamorphism. Some other rutile grains poorer in Zr might have been an exsolved phase from Ti-rich biotite during retrograde metamorphism, which was furthered by the infiltration of metamorphic fluid under lower-amphibolite facies conditions.
From structure topology to chemical composition. XXIII. Revision of the crystal structure and chemical formula of zvyaginite, Na2ZnTiNb2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4, a seidozerite-supergroup mineral from the Lovozero alkaline massif, Kola peninsula, Russia
Authors: Sokolova E. , Genovese A. , Falqui A. , Hawthorne F.C. , Cámara F.
Published: April 2017

The crystal structure and chemical formula of zvyaginite, ideally Na2ZnTiNb2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4, a lamprophyllite-group mineral of the seidozerite supergroup from the type locality, Mt. Malyi Punkaruaiv, Lovozero alkaline massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia have been revised. The crystal structurewas refined with a new origin in space group C1, a = 10.769(2), b = 14.276(3), c = 12.101(2) Å, α = 105.45(3), β = 95.17(3), γ = 90.04(3)°, V = 1785.3(3.2) Å3, R1 = 9.23%. The electron-microprobe analysis gave the following empirical formula [calculated on 22 (O + F)]: (Na0.75Ca0.09K0.04□1.12)Σ2 (Na1.12Zn0.88Mn0.17Fe2+0.04□0.79)Σ3(Nb1.68Ti1.25Al0.07)Σ3 (Si4.03O14)O2[(OH)1.11F0.89]Σ2(H2O)4, Z = 4. Electron-diffraction patterns have prominent streaking along c* and HRTEM images show an intergrowth of crystalline zvyaginite with two distinct phases, both of which are partially amorphous. The crystal structure of zvyaginite is an array of TS (Titanium-Silicate) blocks connected via hydrogen bonds between H2O groups. The TS block consists of HOH sheets (H = heteropolyhedral, O = octahedral) parallel to (001). In the O sheet, the [6]MO(1,4,5) sites are occupied mainly by Ti, Zn and Na and the[6]MO(2,3) sites are occupied by Na at less than 50%. In the H sheet, the[6]MH(1,2) sites are occupied mainly by Nb and the[8]AP(1) and[8]AP(2) sites are occupied mainly by Na and □. The MH and AP polyhedra and Si2O7groups constitute the H sheet. The ideal structural formula is Na□Nb2NaZn□Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4. Zvyaginite is a Zn-bearing and Na-poor analogue of epistolite, ideally (Na□)Nb2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4. Epistolite and zvyaginite are related by the following substitution in the O sheet of the TS-block: (Naþ 2 )epi↔Zn2+zvy +□zvy. The doubling of the t1 and t2 translations of zvyaginite relative to those of epistolite is due to the order of Zn and Na along a (t1) and b (t2) in the O sheet of zvyaginite.
A mechanism for chromite growth in ophiolite complexes: evidence from 3D high-resolution X-ray computed tomography images of chromite grains in Harold's Grave chromitite in the Shetland ophiolite.
Authors: Prichard Hazel M. , Barnes Stephen J. , Godel Belinda
Published: April 2017

A fundamental difference exists between the textures of chromite crystals in chromitites in layered complexes and ophiolites. Those in layered complexes generally have euhedral octahedral shapes except where sintered, whereas those in ophiolites generally have rounded shapes accompanied commonly by nodular and more rarely dendritic chromite. Here we describe another texture characteristic of ophiolitic chromitite. The analysis of high-resolution X-ray computed tomography images of chromitite from Harold's Grave in the Shetland ophiolite has revealed 3D hopper structures on chromite grains. In 2D, these hopper structures appear at the surface of the chromite grain as stepped inward facing edges. A study of chromitites in 2D from ten ophiolite complexes has shown that all commonly contain chromite grains displaying these stepped edges. They occur mainly in protected enclaves surrounded by chromite grains that otherwise have rounded edges. The hopper crystals and the often associated clusters of inclusions represent periods of chromite crystal growth in a chromite supersaturated magma due to the presence of a more supercooled and more volatile-rich magma than that present in most layered complexes. Subsequent exposure of chromite crystals to chromite-undersaturated magma caused corrosion, resulting in the characteristic rounded shape of the ophiolitic chromite grains.
Transmission electron microscopy study of the epitaxial association of hedenbergite whiskers with babingtonite
Authors: Nagashima Mariko , Nishio-Hamane Daisuke
Published: April 2017

Overgrowths of whiskers of hedenbergite (Ca(Fe2+,Mg)Si2O6) on the hydrous pyroxenoid babingtonite (Ca2Fe2+Fe3+[Si5O14(OH)]) have been observed at Arvigo in Switzerland and Kreimbach/Kaulbach in Germany, and we have studied them with transmission electron microscopy in order to understand their structural relationships and formation. The boundaries between babingtonite and hedenbergite are sharply defined, and the two minerals are in direct contact with no additional phases present. The relationships of babingtonite (Bab) and hedenbergite (Hd) were determined as Bab[100]//Hd[112] in the Arvigo specimen and Bab[$\bar 1$00]//Hd[1$\bar 1$2] in the Kreimbach/Kaulbach specimen. Diffraction derived from Bab(031) and Hd(02$\bar 1$) in the Arvigo samples and Bab(031) and Hd(021) in the Kreimbach/Kaulbach samples were observed in identical positions. The reciprocity between the babingtonite and hedenbergite structures is governed by the direction of the SiO4-tetrahedral chains, and the related configuration of octahedra. Thus, hedenbergite is apparently an epitaxial phase grown on a base of {010} plates of babingtonite. The defined orientation relationship is also consistent with that shown in topotaxial intergrowths of other clinopyroxenes and pyroxenoids. The topotaxial intergrowths may result from diffusion-controlled solid-state reactions, whereas rapid whisker growth is characteristic of supersaturated solutions or a vapour medium. The epitaxial growth of hedenbergite whiskers on babingtonite with an abrupt but coherent change of structure at the interface represents an ideal example where the similar chemical compositions of host and guest contribute strongly to the close structural relationship.
Trace elements in hydrothermal chalcopyrite
Authors: George Luke L. , Cook Nigel J. , Crowe Bryony B. P. , Ciobanu Cristiana L.
Published: April 2017

Concentration data are reported for 18 trace elements in chalcopyrite from a suite of 53 samples from 15 different ore deposits obtained by laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Chalcopyrite is demonstrated to host a wide range of trace elements including Mn, Co, Zn, Ga, Se, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Hg, Tl, Pb and Bi. The concentration of some of these elements can be high (hundreds to thousands of ppm) but most are typically tens to hundreds of ppm. The ability of chalcopyrite to host trace elements generally increases in the absence of other co-crystallizing sulfides. In deposits in which the sulfide assemblage recrystallized during syn-metamorphic deformation, the concentrations of Sn and Ga in chalcopyrite will generally increase in the presence of co-recrystallizing sphalerite and/or galena, suggesting that chalcopyrite is the preferred host at higher temperatures and/or pressures. Trace-element concentrations in chalcopyrite typically show little variation at the sample scale, yet there is potential for significant variation between samples from any individual deposit. The Zn:Cd ratio in chalcopyrite shows some evidence of a systematic variation across the dataset, which depends, at least in part, on temperature of crystallization. Under constant physiochemical conditions the Cd:Zn ratios in co-crystallizing chalcopyrite and sphalerite are typically approximately equal. Any distinct difference in the Cd:Zn ratios in the two minerals, and/or a non-constant Cd:Zn ratio in chalcopyrite, may be an indication of varying physiochemical conditions during crystallization.

Chalcopyrite is generally a poor host for most elements considered harmful or unwanted in the smelting of Cu, suggesting it is rarely a significant contributor to the overall content of such elements in copper concentrates. The exceptions are Se and Hg which may be sufficiently enriched in chalcopyrite to exceed statutory limits and thus incur monetary penalties from a smelter.
Impact of ibrutinib dose adherence on therapeutic efficacy in patients with previously treated CLL/SLL
Authors: Barr Paul M. , Brown Jennifer R. , Hillmen Peter , O'Brien Susan , Barrientos Jacqueline C. , Reddy Nishitha M. , Coutre Steven , Mulligan Stephen P. , Jaeger Ulrich , Furman Richard R. , Cymbalista Florence , Montillo Marco , Dearden Claire , Robak Tadeusz , Moreno Carol , Pagel John M. , Burger Jan A. , Suzuki Samuel , Sukbuntherng Juthamas , Cole George , James Danelle F. , Byrd John C.
Published: April 2017

Key Points

Higher ibrutinib DI is associated with improved PFS, independent of del17p or TP53 mutation. Ibrutinib hold for >1 week, often needed to manage adverse events, is associated with increased PFS events.
Editorial: No Trp, no B: surprising connectivity of diet, microbiome, aging, and adaptive immunity
Authors: Maldonado-Contreras Ana , Gerstein Rachel M
Published: April 2017

Discussion on connection between diet, microbiome, and B-cells
The Black/White Color Spectrum
Authors: Stephens Sandra
Published: April 2017

The artist reflects on her place within the black/white color spectrum in Jamaica and the United States and looks at how she addresses both whiteness and blackness within her work. Using her piece Face of the Enemy, on the Japanese Internment, from her solo show Rationalize and Perpetuate, and her video installations Snow White Remixed and Purity, Sanctity, and Corporeality, she reflects on how race and gender are much more open in the lives of children; the questioning of the idea of “purity” and its relationship to whiteness; and visual culture and its effects on identity. She also looks at her interest in video installations and how this visual space and language challenges the audience to connect in a deeper sense to the other.
All Creoles Now? Béké Identity and Éloge de la créolité
Authors: McCusker Maeve
Published: April 2017

Békés (white Creoles) are the descendants of the original plantation owners in the Antilles. They remain economically dominant in the islands, forming a privileged and self-segregating minority. They are, perhaps surprisingly, invoked by Raphaël Confiant as fundamental to both Éloge de la créolité's conception and failure. This essay analyzes a number of texts (novels, films, manifestos) produced by, or about, békés since 1989, to investigate how the principles valorized in the Éloge have resonated (or have failed to resonate) with békés: Marie-Reine de Jaham's La grande béké and its TV adaptation; Roger de Jaham's Tous Créoles! movement; and Romain Bolzinger's documentary Les derniers maîtres de la Martinique. Through the prism of the manifesto, the essay sketches a number of tropes, images, and discursive positions that, whether directly influenced by créolité or articulated in opposition (or in parallel) to it, illuminate the (lack of) development in béké identity politics over the last quarter century.
Bongo Futures: The Reggae Revival and Its Genealogies
Authors: Page Kezia
Published: April 2017

This essay explores the roots of the reggae revival in Jamaica. It considers what it means that the revival is not singularly located in music and sound but that revivalists imagine an artistic community and aesthetic that includes a number of other art forms as well. Through a close analysis of revivalists, it posits that while the revival suggests a reaching back to a defining cultural form—reggae, which is both local and national—it is as well globalized in its commitment to engaging sounds and forms. Insofar as the revival takes significant impetus from the 2010 Tivoli Gardens incursion, its global reach constitutes a pushback against neoliberalism. Ultimately the revival recreates reggae as a principle rather than a music or a music industry, and in so doing suggests a new genealogy for reggae that is both epistemological and ontological.
Ordinary Ethics of Spiritual Work and Healing in St. Lucia, or Why Not to Use the Term Obeah
Authors: Meudec Marie
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this essay is to understand the language of spiritual work and healing in St. Lucia as well as the moral impregnation of the term obeah. This ethnographic study of ordinary ethics of obeah explores the significant gap between the designation and auto-legitimation of healers and spiritual workers. Because, in most cases, the term is not used by practitioners to identify their spiritual and healing practice, the author proposes to relocate the definition of obeah from its specific practices to its moral burden. This approach helps reevaluate the use of obeah in social science writings related to the St. Lucian context. Social scientists must be very attentive to not contribute to the othering of healing and spiritual practices and to consider their involvement in its construction.
The Artwork of Clara Morera: Afro-Cuban Religious Legacy with a Twist
Authors: Sevillano Ana Belén Martín
Published: April 2017

This essay offers an account of Clara Morera's artistic course, considering the context and quality of her artwork. Morera has been one of the first female Cuban visual artists to formulate a gendered discourse in the plastic arts by making use of the symbolic and aesthetic force of the Cuban religious legacy. The analysis of the artist's work reveals the innovative aesthetic syntax she has developed by approaching, from her own gendered experience, the different cultural legacies that over time have interacted in Cuba and by avoiding any axiological view that would place one over the other.
Eulogizing Creoleness? Éloge de la créolité and Caribbean Identity, Culture, and Politics
Authors: Munro Martin , Britton Celia
Published: April 2017

This essay introduces part 1 of a special section on the créolité movement—“Eulogizing Creoleness? Rereading Éloge de la créolité”—in which a variety of essays explore and assess the impact, twenty-five-plus years on, of the controversial manifesto by Patrick Chamoiseau, Raphaël Confiant, and Jean Bernabé. Éloge de la créolité has been much discussed and critiqued in relation to Antillean politics and literature; its claim to replace essentialist racial identities with an ever-evolving diversalité has been disputed by a variety of other authors from the Caribbean and beyond. The essays here fall broadly into four categories—intellectual contexts, politics, literature, and ethnography. This introduction asks, does the concept of créolité have a future in the current situation of Antillean writing, which has lost much of its momentum, especially in relation to writing from Haiti? (Part 2 of “Eulogizing Creoleness? Rereading Éloge de la créolité” will appear in Small Axe 55, in March 2018.)
Mechanical adaptability of sea cucumber Cuvierian tubules involves a mutable collagenous tissue
Authors: Demeuldre Mélanie , Hennebert Elise , Bonneel Marie , Lengerer Birgit , Van Dyck Séverine , Wattiez Ruddy , Ladurner Peter , Flammang Patrick
Published: April 2017

Despite their soft body and slow motion, sea cucumbers present a low predation rate, reflecting the presence of efficient defence systems. For instance, members of the family Holothuriidae rely on Cuvierian tubules for their defence. These tubules are normally stored in the posterior coelomic cavity of the animal, but when the sea cucumber is threatened by a potential predator, they are expelled through the cloacal aperture, elongate, become sticky and entangle and immobilize the predator in a matter of seconds. The mechanical properties (extensibility, tensile strength, stiffness and toughness) of quiescent (i.e. in the body cavity) and elongated (i.e. after expulsion) Cuvierian tubules were investigated in the species Holothuria forskali using traction tests. Important mechanical differences were measured between the two types of tubules, reflecting adaptability to their operating mode: to ease elongation, quiescent tubules present a low resistance to extension, while elongated tubules present a high toughness to resist to tractions generated by the predator. We demonstrate that a mutable collagenous tissue (MCT) is involved in the functioning of these organs: 1) some mechanical properties of Cuvierian tubules are modified by incubation in a cell disrupting solution, 2) the connective tissue layer encloses juxtaligamental-like cells, a cell type present in all MCTs, and 3) tensilin, a MCT stiffening protein, was localised inside these cells. Cuvierian tubules thus appear to enclose a new type of MCT which shows irreversible stiffening.
Synthesis and Properties of Dicyanomethylene-Endcapped Thienopyrrole-Based Quinoidal S,N-Heteroacenes
Authors: Jiang Hua , Oniwa Kazuaki , Xu Zhanqiang , Bao Ming , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Jin Tienan
Published: April 2017

A new series of highly π-extended dicyanomethylene-endcapped quinoidal S,N-heteroacenes (JH-quinoids) fused with thiophene and pyrrole rings have been designed and synthesized. The π-extension of the central S,N-heteroacene cores gives rise to significant red-shifted absorption maxima in solution without being affected by the long alkyl groups. The absorption maximum of JH10 with the longest quinoidal backbone in the thin film significantly red-shifted to the near-infrared region of 1260 nm as compared to that in solution (880 nm), indicating the formation of strong intermolecular interaction in the solid state. JH-quinoids maintain sufficiently low LUMO energy levels in the range of −4.09∼−4.22 eV regardless of the fused ring systems and substituents, while the HOMO energy levels increase with extending the length of S,N-heteroacenes; the highest HOMO energy level of JH10 is as high as −5.18 eV owing to the contributions from the nitrogen atoms and chalcogen. The molecular geometries of JH-quinoids optimized from the DFT calculations indicate their complete planar backbones and the trend of HOMO and LUMO energy levels variation is in good agreement with the cyclic voltammetry results. Consequently, the present JH-quinoids should be promising candidates for ambipolar organic semiconductors.
The Effect of Learning on Ambiguity Attitudes
Authors: Baillon Aurélien , Bleichrodt Han , Keskin Umut , l’Haridon Olivier , Li Chen
Published: April 2017

This paper studies the effect of learning information on people’s attitudes toward ambiguity. We propose a method to separate ambiguity attitudes from subjective probabilities and to decompose ambiguity attitudes into two components. Under models like prospect theory that represent ambiguity through nonadditive decision weights, these components reflect pessimism and likelihood insensitivity. Under multiple priors models, they reflect ambiguity aversion and perceived ambiguity. We apply our method in an experiment where we elicit the ask prices of options with payoffs depending on the returns of initial public offerings (IPOs) on the New York Stock Exchange. IPOs are a natural context to study the effect of learning, as prior information about their returns is unavailable. Subjects perceived substantial ambiguity and they were insensitive to likelihood information. We observed only little pessimism and ambiguity aversion. Subjective probabilities were well calibrated and close to the true frequencies. Subjects’ behavior moved toward expected utility with more information, but substantial deviations remained even in the maximum information condition.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2700

This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, decision analysis.
Evidence base and benefits associated with a collagen-based nutraceutical drink
Authors: Zanna Nikki
Published: April 2017

Traditionally, skin rejuvenation was perceived as something that could be achieved by topical product application and treatments targeting the skin's surface. Recently, however, there has been increasing interest in supporting skin function from within through the use of nutraceuticals. This paper looks at the evidence available surrounding the effectiveness of nutraceuticals for aesthetic applications. In particular, the author discusses clinical studies relating to a collagen-based nutraceutical drink, Skinade (Bottled Science). Skinade targets the skin as a whole organ by addressing overall skin health through its formulation and mechanism of action. The author is an aesthetic nurse who uses Skinade in her practice alongside aesthetic treatment modalities and topical skincare. In this product review, she explores the patient journey and highlights the importance of maximising skin health before, during and after interventions.
Step Ahead in Aesthetics: 29 April 2017, Village Hotel, Bury
Authors: Senior Amy
Published: April 2017

The Spring conference season has now kicked off, with events for medical aesthetic practitioners taking place around the UK and beyond. One such event is Step Ahead in Aesthetics, which will be held in Manchester at the end of April. Amy Senior, one of the event's planners and speakers, gives an overview of what to expect from the agenda and the day's highlights
Protecting your brand in today's ‘fake news’ economy
Authors: Ratcliffe Jason
Published: April 2017

During the last few months, consumers have been hearing a lot about ‘fake news’ in the press. Unfortunately, poorly researched or inaccurate health-related stories can also be easily disseminated, leading to loss of confidence in treatment methods or reputational damage to brands. Jason Ratcliffe discusses the pitfalls of social media and how to limit the damage of negative posts online
Performance reviews for clinic staff: how to make them worthwhile
Authors: Smith Victoria , Wiggins Nancy
Published: April 2017

As aesthetics continues to evolve at a speed of knots, it is imperative that staff are able to develop their skills at the same rate, say Victoria Smith and Nancy Wiggins. If done effectively, a performance review can present a valuable opportunity for practice managers, clinical and administrative staff to have a two-way communication that can result in improvements for the staff and business
Why are we reinventing the wheel in medical aesthetics?
Authors: Narayan-Denning Aarti
Published: April 2017

Non-surgical aesthetic treatments have advanced rapidly over the past decade, evidenced by the reduced uptake of surgical procedures. Aarti Narayan-Denning reiterates the need for emphasising the medical nature of this ever-evolving clinical area of practice, and for recognising it as an emerging specialty rather than demoting it to the status of a commodity to be traded
Why introducing the sugar tax could help to prevent premature skin ageing
Authors: Jenkinson Elizabeth
Published: April 2017

Campaigners have long argued that the Government should restrict the amount of sugar in food and drinks to combat the health consequences of a high sugar intake, such as diabetes and tooth decay. A tax on drinks high in sugar has recently been announced and is to be introduced in 2018. Liz Jenkinson explores why this nudge towards sugar reduction may be beneficial for people's health, including the skin
Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis of Bentonites in Miocene Volcanic-Sedimentary Units of the Ankara-Çankiri Basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Kadir Selahattin , Külah Tacit , Önalgil Nergis , Erkoyun Hülya , Elliott W. Crawford
Published: April 2017

Widespread alteration in the Miocene lacustrine volcanic/sedimentary rocks of the Ankara-Çankiri basin of central Anatolia has resulted in the formation of sizeable (economic) quantities of bentonite deposits. No detailed characterization of the geological, mineralogical, and geochemical properties or the depositional environments of these primary and secondary bentonite deposits has been carried out to date. The present study was undertaken to close this knowledge gap. Two possible hypothetical processes were examined to explain the genesis of the bentonites: 1) The bentonites were formed by the devitrification of volcanic glass in a lacustrine setting; and 2) The bentonites were formed by the chemical weathering of previously deposited volcaniclastic sediments and ophiolitic materials. The characteristics of the bentonites were examined using X-ray diffractometry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and chemical analyses of major and trace elements. The Ankara-Çankırı bentonites are found gradationally interbedded with parent Miocene volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. These bentonites were deposited in a shallow lacustrine setting based on observed desiccation cracks, locally enclosed coal seams, plant rootlets, gypsum lenses, yellow sulfate-like fracture infillings, and ferric iron oxide stains. Smectite resulted from the chemical weathering of feldspar and possibly also the weathering of biotite and hornblende. This smectite was precipitated in situ on partially dissolved glass and feldspar. The average major-element composition of the smectite-rich clay fractions yielded the following montmorillonitic smectite structural formula: (Na0.33Ca0.31K0.18) (Al2.35Fe0.80Mg0.78)(Si7.79Al0.21)O20(OH)4.

The interlayer cation occupancy in the smectite-rich clay fractions was based on the use of Na+/(Na++Ca2+) ratios and showed a composition between a Ca-smectite and a Na-smectite. The relative increases in several groups of elements according to the LREE/(MREE+HREE) ratio, Al2O3, the sum of Ni+Co+Cr, the sum of Fe2O3+MgO+TiO2, the positive correlation between Rb+Ba and Na2O+K2O, Sr and Rb, Rb/Sr and Zr, Zr/Sm and SiO2, the negative Eu anomaly, and the field and petrographic observations further showed that the Si, Al, Fe, and Mg required to form smectite were mainly supplied from the decomposition of feldspars, amphiboles, and volcanic glass from volcanic materials and were partially supplied from the chemical weathering of ophiolitic basement units. The bentonite deposits examined in this study are mainly primary bentonites derived from volcanics and local secondary bentonites from previously deposited volcaniclastic sediments and ophiolitic materials.
The Perceptions of Professionals Toward Siblings of Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Burke Meghan M. , Lee Chung eun , Arnold Catherine K. , Owen Aleksa
Published: April 2017

Adult siblings of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) report struggling to navigate the adult disability service delivery system and collaborate with professionals. To date, though, it is unclear how professionals encourage sibling involvement and, accordingly, the facilitators and challenges in working with siblings. For this study, 290 professionals participated in a national web-based survey; participants answered three open-ended questions about ways to involve siblings, positive experiences with siblings, and challenges in working with siblings. Professionals reported person-level and systems-level supports to encourage sibling involvement. Also, professionals reported enjoying working with cohesive families of individuals with IDD and witnessing the benefits that siblings bring to their brothers and sisters with IDD. Challenges in working with siblings included: lack of sibling involvement, systemic barriers, and caregiving burden. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
A New Take on Digital Advertising: Theory, History, and Society
Authors: Hamilton James F.
Published: April 2017

Abstract:
Digital advertising has catalyzed sea changes in the structure and practice of advertising globally, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. This article suggests that such changes have outstripped the existing ability to understand and explain these changes adequately. In response, this article seeks to enlarge an understanding of digital advertising, as well as to suggest new ways to understand it. It argues that an integrative social and historical approach provides important new insights into digital advertising. It then uses this approach to explain the production and reproduction of digital advertising as a technology, practice, and institution; to explore the implications of digital advertising for the professional organization and practice of advertising; and to propose key implications of digital advertising for society.
“Bring Them Back Alive!”: Fear and the Macabre in US Automobile Tire Advertising
Authors: Parkin Katherine
Published: April 2017

Abstract:
Tire companies consistently distinguished themselves by preying upon fears of catastrophe. Ads regularly referred to flat tires and blowouts, and even more surprisingly, alluded to people being maimed and killed. No other companies so directly linked their products to the dangers inherent in traveling by car. The target for these ads was generally men, even when they appeared in women’s magazines, with the industry expectation that men were the principal decision makers and purchasers of this type of car component.
Perfil e perceções dos potenciais participantes num MOOC
Authors: Simões Dora , Barbosa Belem , Pinto Carolina
Published: April 2017

Os MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) são o mais recente modelo de oferta formativa. São cursos de formação online, abertos e gratuitos, e de acesso massivo. Mas serão estas características suficientes para atrair os potenciais participantes? Quais as caraterísticas dos indivíduos com maior propensão para se inscreverem num MOOC? Para dar resposta a estas e outras questões subjacentes foi adotada uma metodologia quantitativa, sob a forma de um inquérito por questionário online. O estudo foi aplicado à população adulta do distrito de Aveiro (Portugal) com mais de 9 anos de escolaridade. A amostra é composta por 424 indivíduos, e tem caraterísticas sociodemográficas equivalentes à da população em estudo. 86,6% dos participantes desconheciam o conceito MOOC, contudo não se verificam diferenças significativas nas perceções sobre os MOOC entre os que conheciam e os que não conheciam o conceito. A intenção de participar num MOOC é superior entre os mais jovens, os que têm formação superior, os mais autónomos em termos de aprendizagem, os que têm maiores competências de internet e redes sociais, os que já conheciam o conceito, e os que prevêm mudar de situação profissional. Este estudo contribui com pistas para a identificação de segmentos alvo e estratégias de divulgação para futuros MOOC a serem oferecidos em Portugal.
Acessibilidade digital: Uma análise em portais de Instituições Federais de Educação do Brasil
Authors: Arenhardt Daniel Luís , Franchi Tatiane Stefanel , Costa Vânia Medianeira Flores , Grohmann Márcia Zampieri
Published: April 2017

Para que pessoas com deficiência tenham garantido o seu direito de acesso à informação, é fundamental que premissas básicas de acessibilidade digital sejam implementadas em portais eletrônicos. Essa questão é ainda mais relevante quando relacionada a sites do governo. O presente trabalho verificou a adequação dos sítios eletrônicos das Instituições Federais de Educação do Brasil aos padrões de acessibilidade digital estabelecidos pelo Modelo de Acessibilidade em Governo Eletrônico (eMAG). Os resultados demonstram uma baixa observância aos referidos padrões, até mesmo dos elementos padronizados de acessibilidade que, por força de lei, deveriam ser implementados em todos os portais eletrônicos de governo no país. Isso evidencia que uma parcela significativa de cidadãos não tem respeitado, em igualdade de condições, seu direito de acesso à informação digital, justamente em ambientes acadêmicos e universitários – que deveriam promover a cidadania e oportunizar uma educação de qualidade para todos.
TEM UM LEITOR AQUI! NARRATIVAS DE PROFESSORAS SOBRE PRÁTICAS LEITORAS NA CRECHE
Authors: Rodrigues Luziane Patricio Siqueira , Ostetto Luciana Esmeralda
Published: April 2017

Resultado de pesquisa com narrativas de professores da Educação Infantil, o artigo apresenta questões sobre práticas leitoras com crianças na creche. Ao privilegiar as narrativas docentes, entre memórias e histórias de práticas, o caminho metodológico tomou por referência elementos das entrevistas de tipo narrativa e coletiva. Desta maneira, os dados foram produzidos por meio de encontros organizados em forma de rodas de conversa. Ao todo foram realizados três encontros, com vinte e quatro professoras que atuavam com grupos de crianças entre 0 e 3 anos de idade. As narrativas docentes revelam a creche como um local privilegiado de circulação de materiais impressos, que há vários modos de ler e que as professoras de bebês vêm buscando ressignificar suas práticas, demonstrando preocupações inclusive com a qualidade editorial do material destinado a esse específico público. Discutir a leitura literária na creche ajuda-nos a projetar práticas leitoras de qualidade para todas as crianças.
AS TEORIAS DE CURRÍCULO NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DAS BRINQUEDOTECAS NA PRIMEIRÍSSIMA INFÂNCIA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA NEUROPSICOLOGIA
Authors: Monteiro Kobayashi Maria Do Carmo , Lopes Reis Márcia , Morganti Francesca
Published: April 2017

Há algum tempo são conhecidas as relações que permeiam a brincadeira e aprendizagem, sobretudo quando sistematizadas nos espaços das brinquedotecas e na organização dos  currículos escolares que incentivam e fomentam o desenvolvimento físico, cognitivo, criativo, social e a linguagem da criança.  Mais recentemente, os estudos da neurociência tem permitido evidenciar, por meio do uso das imagens por ressonância magnética, como ocorrem os processos de aprendizagem e a sua relação com as oportunidades oferecidas às crianças, assim sugerem o papel dos objetos e das relações das crianças com outras pessoas e com o ambiente onde vivem, sendo fulcrais para seu pleno desenvolvimento e crescimento. Neste texto, são analisadas as relações entre as teorias do currículo, os objetos lúdicos e contribuições da neurociência. Tais interações possibilitam cada vez mais, a reorganização do sistema neural em desenvolvimento que, no caso da primeiríssima infância, parece ser otimizável com a quantidade de construções de aprendizagem desses sujeitos nas brinquedotecas. Ao final, parece ser possível inferir que esses espaços didáticos de aprendizagem devem ocupar um lugar privilegiado nas práticas escolares e curriculares da primeira infância.
Studi Tekno Ekonomi Desalinasi Air Laut Skala Kecil Dengan Sistem Reverse Osmosis
Authors: Yoshi Linda Aliffia , Widiasa I Nyoman
Published: April 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan desain dan keekonomian desalinasi air laut di Indonesia yang mempunyai suku bunga bank 12-14%, tarif listrik Rp 1.300-1.800 per kWh, dan pajak air bawah tanah. Penggunaan sistem desalinasi SWRO di Indonesia pada umumnya dibuat skala kecil. Studi ini berdasarkan studi kasus di Pulau Bali dengan tarif listrik adalah Rp 1.335,29/kWh dan pajak air bawah tanah adalah Rp 4.950/m3. Evaluasi tekno-ekonomi dianalisa untuk kapasitas 150-1000 m3/hari, recovery sistem 40% dengan salinitas air laut 32.000 ppm, suku bunga 13%, dan jangka waktu pinjaman 10 tahun. Harga jual air desalinasi pada tahun pertama 24,300/m3. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi ekonomi yang meliputi NPV dan IRR  dapat disimpulkan bahwa investasi layak dilakukan.
Measuring the Balance Control System – Review
Authors: Jančová Jitka
Published: April 2017

Past studies of postural control during standing have employed wide range of procedures including the outcome measures use to quantify postural control, the duration of the sample collected, sampling frequency and methods for data processing. Due to these differences there remains little, if any, common grounds for comparisons between studies to establish a concrete understanding of the features and bouns which characterize normal healthy postural control. This article deals with terms such as reliability and repeatability of stabilometric measurements, stabilometric data quantification and analysis. To clear up those terms is suggested, by the author of this paper, very important. The stabilometric measurements remain, nevertheless, different when dealing with aging adults. Though, we notes some alterations of the aging systems, this article is not entirely dedicated to the seniors population. Measurements of COP and technical notes remain the main axis of present paper.
Cancer Stem Cells – New Approach to Cancerogenensis and Treatment
Authors: Mačingová Zuzana , Filip Stanislav
Published: April 2017

Recently, there is an increasing evidence supporting the theory of cancer stem cells not only in leukemia but also in solid cancer. To date, the existence of cancer stem cells has been proven in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, in breast cancer, in brain tumors, in lung cancer and gastrointestinal tumors. This review is focusing on the recent discovery of stem cells in leukemia, human brain tumors and breast cancer. A small population of cells in the tumor (less than 1 %) shows the potential to give rise to the tumor and its growth. These cells have a substantial characteristic of stem cells – ability for self-renewal without loss of proliferation capacity with each cell division. Furthermore they are immortal, rather resistant to treatment and express typical markers of stem cells. The origin of these resident cancer stem cells is not clear. Whether the cancer stem cells originate from normal stem cells in consequence of genetic and epigenetic changes and/or redifferentiation from somatic tumor cells to the stem-like cells remains to be investigated. We propose the idea of the relation between normal tissue stem cells and cancer stem cells and their populations – progenitor cells. Based on this we highlight one of the major characteristic of stem cell – plasticity, which is equally important in the physiological regeneration process as well as carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we consider the microenvironment as a limiting factor for tumor genesis in AML, breast cancer and brain tumors. Thus the biological properties of cancer stem cells are just beginning to be revealed, the continuation of these studies should lead to the development of cancer stem cells target therapies for cancer treatment.
Early Enamel Lesion: Part I. – Classification and Detection
Authors: Kudiyirickal Marina George , Ivančaková Romana
Published: April 2017

There has been a paradigm shift from Black’s ‘extension for prevention’ to a minimal intervention approach in the recent time. The most important aspect in diagnosis of earliest stages of enamel demineralization involves accurate and reliable detection of such lesions. The newer diagnostic aids would enable the dentist to detect and diagnose early enamel lesions and direct appropriate preventive measures to promote remineralization and conservation of the tooth substance. A high level of caries experience necessitates preventive strategies which are more cost effective than surgical intervention and restorative procedures.
Early Enamel Lesion: Part II. – Histo-morphology and Prevention
Authors: Kudiyirickal Marina George , Ivančaková Romana
Published: April 2017

There has been a paradigm shift from Black’s ‘extension for prevention’ to a minimal intervention approach in the recent time. The most important aspect in diagnosis of earliest stages of enamel demineralization involves accurate and reliable detection of such lesions. The newer diagnostic aids would enable the dentist to detect and diagnose early enamel lesions and direct appropriate preventive measures to promote remineralization and conservation of the tooth substance. A high level of caries experience necessitates preventive strategies which are more cost effective than surgical intervention and restorative procedures.
The Cultivation of Human Granulosa Cells
Authors: Brůčková Lenka , Soukup Tomáš , Moos Jiří , Moosová Martina , Pavelková Jana , Řežábek Karel , Víšek Benjamín , Mokrý Jaroslav
Published: April 2017

The major functions of granulosa cells (GCs) include the production of steroids, as well as a myriad of growth factors to interact with the oocyte during its development within the ovarian follicle. Also FSH stimulates GCs to convert androgens (coming from the thecal cells) to estradiol by aromatase. However, after ovulation the GCs produce progesterone that may maintain a potential pregnancy. Experiments with human GCs are mainly focused on the purification of GCs from ovarian follicular fluid followed by FACS analysis or short-term cultivation. The aim of our study was to cultivate GCs for a long period, to characterize their morphology and phenotype. Moreover, we have cultivated GCs under gonadotropin stimulation in order to simulate different pathological mechanisms during folliculogenesis (e.g. ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome). GCs were harvested from women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Complex oocyte-cumulus oophorus was dissociated by hyaluronidase. The best condition for transport of GCs was optimized as short transport in follicular fluid at 37 °C. GCs expansion medium consisted of DMEM/F12, 2 % FCS, ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, L-glutamine, gentamycine, penicillin, streptomycin and growth factors (EGF, bFGF). GCs transported in follicular fluid and cultivated in 2 % FCS containing DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with follicular fluid presented increased adhesion, proliferation, viability and decreased doubling time. Cell viability was 92 % and mean cell doubling time was 52 hrs. We have optimized transport and cultivation protocols for long-term cultivation of GCs.
Expression of Intermediate Filament Nestin in Blood Vessels of Neural and Non-neural Tissues
Authors: Mokrý Jaroslav , Ehrmann Jiří , Karbanová Jana , Čížková Dana , Soukup Tomáš , Suchánek Jakub , Filip Stanislav , Kolář Zdeněk
Published: April 2017

Our previous findings performed in rat tissues demonstrated that intermediate filament nestin is expressed in endothelial cells of newly formed blood vessels of developing organs and neural transplants. The aim of the present study was to identify other cellular markers expressed in nestin-positive (nestin+) blood vessels. To reach this goal we performed double immunofluorescent study to co-localize nestin with endothelium-specific markers (CD31, CD34 II, vimentin) or markers of perivascular cells (GFAP, SMA) in paraffin-embedded sections of normal human brain tissue, low- and high-grade gliomas, postinfarcted heart and samples of non-neural tumours. Our findings documented that all the samples examined contained blood vessels with different ratio of nestin+ endothelial cells. Double immunostaining provided unambiguous evidence that endothelial cells expressed nestin and allowed them to distinguish from other nestin+ elements (perivascular astrocytic endfeet, undifferentiated tumour cells, smooth muscle cells and pericytes). Nestin+ endothelium was not confined only to newly formed capillaries but was also observed in blood vessels of larger calibres, frequently in arterioles and venules. We conclude that nestin represents a reliable vascular marker that is expressed in endothelial cells. Elevation of nestin expression likely corresponds to reorganization of intermediate filament network in the cytoskeleton of endothelial cells in the course of their maturation or adaptation to changes in growing tissues.
Incidence of Accessory Phrenic Nerve and its Clinical Significance: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Nayak Soubhagya R. , Krishnamurthy Ashwin , Prabhu Latha V. , Ramanathan Lakshmi , Pai Mangala M. , Potu Bhagath Kumar , Das Srijit
Published: April 2017

The description of accessory phrenic nerve (APN) in the standard textbooks and available literature is vague and sometimes limited to few lines. The incidence of APN varies a great deal from 17.6 % to 80.9 % in the available literature. The aim of the present study was to calculate the incidence and variation of APN in Indian population. Material and methods: Forty five adult formalin-fixed cadavers (35 male, 10 female; 90 sides) used for gross anatomy dissection for undergraduates; during the 2 year period 2006–2007 were considered. Findings were recorded at different stages of the dissection. Results: Out of 90 body sides studied, the APN was present in 48 sides (53.3 %). In 17 of the above sides the APN was confined to the cervical region (Cervical type) and in 31 sides the APN entered the thorax (Thoracic type), all anterior to the subclavian vein (SV). In eleven specimens the APN was found bilaterally. Conclusion: The incidence of APN, with its course and relation to the various structures in cervical and thoracic region will help the surgeons while performing internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafting and other radical neck surgery.
Monitoring of Serum Levels of Angiogenin, ENA-78 and GRO Chemokines in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) in the Course of the Treatment
Authors: Hlávková Dagmar , Kopecký Otakar , Lukešová Šárka , Vroblová Vladimíra , Andrýs Ctirad , Morávek Petr , Podhola Miroslav , Vokurková Doris , Šafránek Hynek
Published: April 2017

Tumour progression requires the presence of a rich vascular supply. A number of cytokines, chemokines and proteases participate in the process of tumour angiogenesis. We evaluated serum levels of angiogenin, panGRO (Growth Related Oncogene) (CXCL 1,2,3) and ENA-78 (Epithelial Neutrophil Activating) (CXCL5) in the serum of 32 patients with RCC (renal cell carcinoma) and 14 healthy blood donors by means of a protein array analysis. The patients were divided into three groups according to their disease stages (I+II, III, IV). We discovered significant differences between the blood donors and patients with RCC both in pre-operative and post-operative angiogenin, panGRO and ENA-78 levels. The increase in angiogenic factors lasted in patients even without metastases 2 months after surgery. We found no correlation between the levels of angiogenin and stages I+II, III and IV RCC. Patients with advanced carcinoma (stage III) had pre-operatively higher serum levels of ENA-78 than patients with stages I+II (p = 0,009) and IV (p< 0.001). Eight weeks after surgery the patients with stages I+II had significantly higher levels of panGRO than patients with stage IV.