bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
William Klein. Der Fotograf als Filmemacher
Authors: Düppe Anna-Lea
Published: July 2020

William Klein ist einer der bedeutendsten Fotografen des 20. Jahrhunderts. Der 1928 geborene Amerikaner lebt seit über 50 Jahren in Paris, er arbeitete u.a. viele Jahre als Modefotograf für Vogue.

Sein künstlerisches Werk umfasst neben der Fotografie üb
The Cinematic Child
Authors: Stewen Christian
Published: July 2020

Die kulturellen Diskurse, innerhalb derer Vorstellungen von Kind und Kino miteinander verschaltet werden, sind insbesondere in den letzten Jahren allgegenwärtig, vielgestaltig und komplex vernetzt. Mithilfe des Begriffs des «Cinematic Child» lassen sich zentrale Deutungsebenen auffächern und miteinander in Beziehung setzen. Die Bezeichnung eröffnet den Blick auf eine spezifisch filmisch generierte Vorstellung von Kindheit.
Das Ich des Autors. Autobiografisches in Filmen der Nouvelle Vague
Authors: Dannenberg Pascale Anja
Published: July 2020

Die vorliegende Studie spannt einen Bogen von Theorie und Praxis traditioneller wie moderner literarischer Autobiografien von Goethe, Rousseau bis zu den nouveaux romanciers über Theorien aus Psychologie (Jacques Lacan) und Film (André Bazin, Christian Metz, Gilles Deleuze), um diese Theoreme schließlich auf die Nouvelle Vague anzuwenden. Die Fallstudien untersuchen die unterschiedlichen auto(r-)biografischen Konzepte und Formen der ersten Arbeiten von Truffaut, Godard und Rohmer.
The Great Gun of the Lantern.
Authors: Eifler Karen
Published: July 2020

Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts erfreuten sich öffentliche Lichtbildvorträge als Mittel der Belehrung und Agitation großer Beliebtheit. Mutterland dieser Medieninszenierung ist Großbritannien, wo eine eigene Wirtschaftsbranche mit Produktionsfirmen, Vertriebsstrukturen und kommerziellen wie nichtkommerziellen Anbietern von unterhaltsamen Shows und lehrreichen Vorführungen entstand. In britischen Groß- und Mittelstädten sind lantern lectures (Lichtbildervorträge) ein fester Bestandteil des Angebots öffentlicher Bildungsveranstaltungen
Melodramatischer Eskapismus
Authors: Haux Amadeus
Published: July 2020

Die Studie untersucht das Filmgenre des Melodrams an epochemachenden Erfolgsfilmen, mit denen sich das Genre in seiner ästhetischen Ausrichtung und politischen Positionierung teilweise neu erfindet, und zeigt den Konstrukt-Charakter des Melodrams im Rahmen seiner Produktionsbedingungen und Rezeptionsvoraussetzungen.
Stummfilmmusik
Authors: Fuchs Maria
Published: July 2020

Zu Zeiten des Stummfilms wurden die Vorführungen in unterschiedlicher instrumentaler Besetzung live begleitet. Eine individuelle Begleitmusik für die jeweiligen Filme gab es kaum, die Musikillustratoren mussten in der Lage sein, sich auf unterschiedliche Filme schnell einzustellen.
I do not get rid of the ghosts.
Authors: Klages Imme
Published: July 2020

Im Fokus der Dissertation steht die Analyse von Zinnemanns Filmen THE SEARCH (DIE GEZEICHNETEN, 1948), THE NUN’S STORY (GESCHICHTE EINER NONNE, 1959) und JULIA (1977). Dabei untersucht die Autorin die geschilderten Exilerfahrungen des Regisseurs und damit die Verarbeitung dieser Thematik in seinen Filmen. Motive wie Identität, Verlust und Freundschaft im Exil werden herausgearbeitet.
Blattkritik – von der lästigen Pflichtaufgabe zur täglichen Qualitätskontrolle
Authors: Oster Kira
Published: July 2020

Maßgebliches Forschungsinteresse ist es, herauszufinden, wie das Instrument Blattkritik für eine regionale Tageszeitung (weiter-)entwickelt werden kann, um die Qualität des Produkts damit nachhaltig sichern und verbessern zu können. Fest steht: Die Blattkritik soll die Qualität eines journalistischen Produkts nach dessen Erscheinen prüfen. Aber lässt sich Qualität allgemeingültig und verbindlich definieren?
Die rechte und die linke Hand der Parodie - Bud Spencer, Terence Hill und ihre Filme
Authors: Heger Christian
Published: July 2020

Ende der 1960er-Jahre war das Western-Genre zu einer fantasielosen Dauerballerei erstarrt – bis Bud Spencer und Terence Hill auftauchten. Mit ihren Filmen DIE RECHTE UND DIE LINKE HAND DES TEUFELS (1970) und VIER FÄUSTE FÜR EIN HALLELUJA (1971) fegten sie den apokalyptischen Trübsinn mit entschlossener Leichtigkeit aus den Kinosälen heraus und sorgten im Western stattdessen für schallendes Gelächter.
Tier und Film.
Authors: Thielmann Carlo
Published: July 2020

Als Technologie und kulturelle Praxis steht Film stets für die überlegene Sonderstellung des Menschen ein: Mit dem Medium Film erzählt sich der Mensch die Welt; macht sie sich verstehbar und meistert auch die Tiere. Im Kino ist die Spezies Mensch im Plenum ihrer kulturellen Möglichkeiten. Die konkrete Sinnlichkeit dieser Filmwelten bürgt allerdings nicht zuverlässig für diesen Sonderstatus. Das Filmtier ist der Realität des Films – nicht jedoch der Realität des Kinosaals – verpflichtet und damit radikal gebändigt und flüchtig zugleich
Die lange Einstellung
Authors: Kaiser Christian
Published: July 2020

Diese Arbeit analysiert eine eigentümliche Beziehung der langen Einstellung zur Mystik. Anhand von Werkanalysen, die sich vor allem den Regisseuren Andrej Tarkowskij, Theo Angelopoulos, Alexander Sokurow, Béla Tarr, Gus Van Sant, Gaspar Noé und Carlos Reygadas widmen, wird die selten – und meist bloß vor dem Hintergrund der Filme Tarkowskijs – behauptete Nähe der langen Einstellung zur Mystik als inhärenter Wesenszug des Stilmittels aufgefasst, welches gerade im 21. Jahrhundert eine enorme Popularität sowie extreme Ausformungen erreicht hat.
Die Anerkennung eines Konzerninteresses im europäischen Gesellschaftsrecht
Authors: Endrich Marcel Stefan
Published: July 2020

There are no regulations in the European single market that lay down the mechanisms for group governance. For this reason, the academic discussion in the field of group law is increasingly focusing on the concept of group interest. The aim is to facilitate cross-border group management through a harmonised regulatory regime. The study evaluates the current legal situation and the proposed regulations. In the process, obstacles for a transformation into national law are identified. In addition, it is shown what effect the proposals would have on the level of protection granted to creditors. The insights gained are taken into account in a novel regulatory concept for the recognition of group interest.
Die Stadtverwaltung Mülheim an der Ruhr im Nationalsozialismus
Authors: Sontacki Kyra
Published: July 2020

There is plenty of information about the impacts of National Socialism, but the municipal administrative authorities of Mülheim an der Ruhr and its employees have so far been neglected in this regard.

This book points out how National Socialism had an influence on the tasks and the daily work routine of the town’s administration. It also shows how the political circumstances of the time impacted on the employees’ lives and their decisions.

The book presents the résumés of three very different mayors, the National Socialist head of the fire department, a Jewish teacher as well as a supposedly quintessential town council employee.
Armut und die Corona-Krise
Authors: Mierzwa Roland
Published: July 2020

The current coronavirus crisis is unprecedented in multiple respects, and another lockdown especially could have devastating economic, political and psychological effects on society. As a result, poverty could increase dramatically and become deeply entrenched in social structures, with the result that fundamental alternatives to our neoliberal economic and societal model would need to be found. A genuine and comprehensive commitment to solidarity with the victims of poverty seems to be necessary because the coronavirus continues to polarise and divide the world and its societies. In this book, the author devises a comprehensive approach to combating poverty and discovers the Green New Deal as an escape from the downward spiral of global poverty.
Modeling a Bouncing Ball with Exponential Functions and Infinite Series
Authors: Erickson Tim
Published: July 2020

We modify a traditional bouncing ball activity for introducing exponential functions by modeling the time between bounces instead of the bounce heights. As a consequence, we can also model the total time of bouncing using an infinite geometric series.
Students' Understanding of Counterexamples
Authors: Vinsonhaler Rebecca , Lynch Alison G.
Published: July 2020

This article focuses on students use and understanding of counterexamples and is part of a research project on the role of examples in proving. We share student interviews and offer suggestions for how teachers can support student reasoning and thinking and promote productive struggle by incorporating counterexamples into the classroom.
The Area Model: Building Mathematical Connections
Authors: Lischka Alyson E. , Stephens D. Christopher
Published: July 2020

The area model for multiplication can be used as a tool to help learners make connections between mathematical concepts that are included in mathematics curriculum across grade levels. We present ways the area model might be used in teaching about various concepts and explain how those ideas are connected.
Funky Protractors for Exploring Angle Measure
Authors: Hardison Hamilton L. , Lee Hwa Young
Published: July 2020

In this article, we discuss funky protractor tasks, which we designed to provide opportunities for students to reason about protractors and angle measure. We address how we have implemented these tasks, as well as how students have engaged with them.
Social and Creative Classrooms
Authors: Meyer Dan D.
Published: July 2020

Students use computers outside and inside of math classes and they enjoy them immeasurably more outside of math class. That's because, outside of class, they use their computers in ways that are creative and social. The same can and must be true about computers inside of math class.
Then: Technological Evolutions in the Mathematics Classroom
Authors: Heid M. Kathleen
Published: July 2020

Technological tools for mathematics instruction have evolved over the past fifty years. Some of these tools have opened the door to explorations of new mathematics. Features of others have made access to curricular mathematics more convenient. Thoughts on this evolution are shared.
#Happyanniversary: Gender and age differences in spouses’ and partners’ Twitter greetings
Authors: Reifman Alan , Ursua-Benitez Mykaela , Niehuis Sylvia , Willis-Grossmann Emma , Thacker McKinley
Published: July 2020

Research and theory suggest that men, on average, are inhibited from expressing vulnerable emotions such as love, whereas women do so more readily. Based on theories of gender socialization and social media uses and gratifications, we conducted a content analysis of gender differences in the domain of wedding and other relationship anniversary greetings delivered on Twitter (N = 414 tweets). We tested for gender as well as age differences in three areas: symbolic (emoji), photographic, and verbal content. As hypothesized, women were more likely to use emojis than were men. Most tweeters who included photographs in their greetings used photos of themselves and their partners today, although some subgroups of men and women preferred photos from their weddings. Age-related differences were clear: young-adult tweeters preferred symbolic emojis to deliver their anniversary greetings, whereas older/middle-aged adults opted for verbal/textual communication, particularly in the areas of tribute and inspirational statements and humor. Results are discussed in terms of gender-role socialization, social and cultural norms, and modes of communication (e.g., written letters and notes, smartphone texts) during different historical eras.
Aprendizes de si: percursos para sentir/pensar as artes e as culturas silenciadas
Authors: Alves Teodora de Araújo
Published: July 2020

A formação universitária pode possibilitar caminhos menos coloniais de ensino e aprendizagem, desde que a natureza plural da sua própria comunidade seja reconhecidamente considerada em seus processos formativos e nas tomadas de decisões institucionais, sendo, desse modo, uma instituição educativa que não se enclausure no colonialismo separatista, discriminatório, distanciador dos sujeitos que dela fazem parte. O corpo, por vezes, negado/oprimido em função da sua cor; da sua nacionalidade; da sua “classe social”, da sua cultura, resiste pela afirmação daquilo que coletivamente foi instituído como sendo sua identidade; seus processos identitários, sua africanidade. Nesse contexto, a arte, pode se tornar um elemento agregador do processo de luta e afirmação. Este estudo fenomenológico, portanto, tem como objetivo enfatizar a força das africanidades, do corpo e de algumas expressões artísticas afro-brasileiras como práticas decoloniais possíveis de ser trabalhadas no ensino superior. A metodologia adotada foi uma pesquisa bibliográfica bem como  uma exposição do acervo da autora a fim de apresentar experiências com as africanidades. Como resultado, aponta que docentes tomem também para si a responsabilidade de repensar suas práticas acadêmicas a partir da diversidade e das idiossincrasias dos sujeitos que a integram, na perspectiva de contribuírem para a constituição de uma universidade pluriversitária.
Klumme: En usædvanlig mand
Authors: Pedersen Klaus Carsten
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Danmarks bidrag i Arktis
Authors: Qujaukitsoq Vittus
Published: July 2020

Vittus Qujaukitsoq ser på, hvad Danmark kan bidrage med i Arktis
USA’s strategiske interesser i Arktis
Authors: Lidegaard Bo
Published: July 2020

Bo Lidegaard beskæftiger sig med USA’s interesser og politik i Arktis.
Frygten for PKK dikterer Tyrkiets Syrienpolitik
Authors: Serinci Deniz
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Klumme: EU’s voksende troværdighedsunderskud
Authors: Nodia Ghia
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Frosne konflikter – eller varme kartofler?
Authors: Møller Karsten Jakob
Published: July 2020

Men hvad er egentlig en frossen konflikt – eller som det hedder på engelsk fagsprog, en ‘protracted conflict’. Det spørgsmål prøver Karsten Jakob Møller at besvare ved bl.a. at analysere hvad, der karakteriserer forskellige frosne konflikter – og han stiller spørgs- målet, om en ny frossen konflikt er på vej i det østlige Ukraine.
Transnistrien næste brændpunkt?
Authors: Dinesen Ruxandra Lupu
Published: July 2020

Ruxandra Lupu Dinesen  går i dybden med konflikterne i Transnistrien.
Yemen: Fejlfortolket eller fejlslagen
Authors: Clausen Maria-Louise
Published: July 2020

En artikel om Yemen, der er på kanten af borgerkrig.
Anmeldelse: Den glemsomme historie
Authors: Floryan Jan Jakob S.
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Det 'iliberale' verdenssammensurium
Authors: Mouritzen Hans
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Mod en 'multiorden'-verden
Authors: Flockhart Trine
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Rusland og FN
Authors: Splidsboel Hansen Flemming
Published: July 2020

Flemming Splidsboel stiller ind på Ruslands deltagel- se i FN og specifikt Ruslands anvendelse af R2P.
EU’s Waterloo?
Authors: Friis Lykke
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Paven på guerilla-kurs?
Authors: Siegumfeldt Jørgen
Published: July 2020

Med chefskiftet i Vatikanet er den katolske kirkes dilemma mellem politisk masseorganisation og moralsk inspirator blevet aktualiseret – ikke mindst pga. den ny paves tidligere bekendelse til en mere ydmyg kirke som Jordens Salt.
Noter i marginen
Authors: Villaume Poul
Published: July 2020

Fra redaktionen
Tyskland bliver mere sig selv
Authors: Gården Hugo
Published: July 2020

Efter valget til efteråret og efter krisen omkring den nye EU-traktat vil Tyskland i stigende grad knytte bånd hele kompasset rundt og optræde mere uafhængigt end hidtil – Tyskland er atter ved at finde sin plads i verden.
Det svære forsvar af sociale rettigheder
Authors: Thelle Hatla
Published: July 2020

Kina har for første gang været til uddybende møde i FN’s Komité for Økonomiske, Sociale og Kulturelle Rettigheder, der arbejder i et vanskeligt krydsfelt.
Fra redaktionen
Authors: Udenrigs Redaktion
Published: July 2020

intet resumé
Byer og metropoler – avantgarde og kraftcentre
Authors: Katz Bruce J.
Published: July 2020

intet resumé
Anmeldelse: At gøre en forvirrende verden forståelig
Authors: Beukel Erik
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Overlever EU?
Authors: Østergård Uffe
Published: July 2020

Uffe Østergård ser på den historiske udvikling af EU som en føderation af nationalstater og de iboende modsætninger mellem nationalstaternes EU over for behovet for supranationale løsninger.
På randen af ‘Brexit’: Perspektiver på den britiske genforhandling
Authors: Rasmussen Maja Kluger
Published: July 2020

Maja Kluger Rasmussen fra tænketanken Europa analyserer dynamikkerne i den britiske folkeafstemning om EU, der reelt kan betyde, at EU for første gang i sin histo- rie risikerer, at et medlemsland forlader EU.
Er Balkan glemt?
Authors: Nielsen Christian Axboe
Published: July 2020

Balkan er midt i alle EU’s kriser og sideløbende foregår en proces frem mod at indlemme alle Balkanlande i EU.
2016: Et skæbneår for Taiwan?
Authors: Harmsen Peter
Published: July 2020

En artikel om Taiwan og januarvalgets betydning for relationen til Kina.
Kold krig
Authors: Pedersen Klaus Carsten
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Den politiske betydning af værdier og moral
Authors: Krogh Torben
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
EU og menneskerettighederne i Tyrkiet
Authors: Lindsnæs Birgit , Yigen Kristine
Published: July 2020

Kravet om at skulle leve op til Københavner- kriterierne har motiveret og sat fart på Tyrkiets reformbestræbelser, men det tager tid at beskytte det enkelte individs rettigheder.
Hjælper udviklingshjælpen?
Authors: Paldam Martin
Published: July 2020

Halvdelen af alle projekter lykkes; men analysen af 103 undersøgelser finder, at virkningen på modtagerlandenes BNP gennem 40 år har været så lille, at den ikke er statistisk signifikant.
Fra Dannevirke til Camp Eden, 700-2003
Authors: Petersen Nikolaj
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Plasma Cell Infiltration on Histopathological Samples of Chronic Bone and Joint Infections due to Cutibacterium acnes: A series of 21 Cases
Authors: Trecourt Alexis , Brevet Marie , Champagnac Anne , Conrad Anne , Josse Jérôme , Dupieux-Chabert Céline , Valour Florent , Ferry Tristan
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Introduction: Histopathological definition of bone and joint infection (BJI) is based on Mirra's criterion (≥ 5 polymorphonuclears (PMNs) per field in 5 high power fields (HPFs)). However, this definition does not seem appropriate for chronic BJIs caused by slow-growing germs such as Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes). The aim of this study was to confirm that Mirra's criterion is not adequate for diagnosis of BJIs due to C. acnes. The second objective was to determine if plasma cell infiltration could be useful for the diagnosis of chronic BJIs due to C. acnes.Methods: We retrospectively selected 25 consecutive patients from 2009 to 2013 with chronic BJIs due to C. acnes. Histological analysis was performed on the 21 cases with at least two C. acnes positive cultures. In addition of Mirra's criterion, the number of plasma cells (≥5 plasma cells/5 HPFs, defined as “CRIOAc Lyon's criterion”) was implemented in the histopathological analysis. Patients were defined as infected, if at least one of the two criteria were present.Results: According to Mirra's and CRIOAc Lyon's criteria, positive histopathology was observed in 12 (57.1%) and 15 (71.4%) cases respectively. Considering the 9 cases with negative Mirra's criterion, high plasma cell infiltration (≥5 plasma cells per field/5 HPFs) was observed in 5 cases (55.6%), and low plasma cells infiltration (2-5 plasma cells per field/5 HPFs) was observed in 4 other cases (44.4%).Conclusions: Adding CRIOAc Lyon's criterion to Mirra's criterion might restore some histopathological diagnosis of chronic BJIs due to C. acnes when a chronic BJI is clinically suspected.
Feminismo y perspectiva de género en la Paleontología
Authors: Abejez Luis J. , Corona Cristina
Published: July 2020

Desde mediados del siglo XX, los movimientos feministas han centrado buena parte de sus críticas en la presencia de sesgos androcéntricos en la mayoría de las disciplinas científicas, lo que en algunas de ellas ha generado una auténtica revolución a nivel teórico y práctico que ha conseguido transformarlas de una forma sustancial y significativa. Durante este tiempo, la paleontología ha quedado relativamente al margen de este proceso, quizás porque su aparente objetividad y las particulares características de su principal objeto de estudio parecen aislarla de las influencias procedentes de las modernas corrientes de pensamiento social. No obstante, al igual que cualquier otra ciencia, la paleontología es un reflejo de la sociedad en la que se desarrolla. En consecuencia, también se encuentra influenciada, directa o indirectamente, por una ideología patriarcal que continúa presente y discrimina lo femenino en todos los ámbitos. En este artículo se describen algunos ejemplos de cómo esta ideología y sus sesgos asociados se han manifestado en la práctica profesional y en la investigación paleontológica; en las expresiones y el lenguaje utilizados en sus interpretaciones; en la reproducción de estereotipos, y en la exposición y comunicación del conocimiento resultado de sus investigaciones, especialmente en los museos. El objetivo es proponer una reflexión a partir de una crítica constructiva, la cual permita incorporar una nueva mirada que acerque la paleontología a la realidad del siglo XXI, donde el papel de la mujer es cada día más reconocido y los estudios científicos intentan ser inclusivos y libres de prejuicios
Reducing contrast dose using virtual monoenergetic imaging for aortic CTA
Authors: Yoshida Ryoichi , Usui Keisuke , Katsunuma Yasushi , Honda Hiroshi , Hatakeyama Koki
Published: July 2020

Three‐dimensional computed tomographic angiography (3D‐CTA) is widely used to evaluate the inner diameters of vessels and the anatomical vascular structure prior to endoscopic aortic surgery or transcatheter valve implantation. Virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI) is a new application in dual‐energy CT (DECT). We evaluated the potential for contrast dose reduction in preoperative aortic CTA using VMI. To evaluate performance in terms of image quality and vessel shape, we quantified the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) and the vessel diameter using a cylinder phantom we developed, and used volume rendering to assess visual quality. All VMI had improved CNR values compared with conventional 120 kVp images at an iodine content of 15 mgI/mL. In each image, a virtual mono‐energy of 40 keV yielded the highest CNR value, and an iodine content of 9 mgI/mL was comparable to that of conventional images with an iodine content of 15 mgI/mL. The circularity indices (CI) of the vascular model at 15, 12, and 9 mgI/mL were similar to those of the reference condition using conventional voltages; however, CI was degraded at iodine contents of 6 and 3 mgI/mL with VMI.

In the case of iodine content of 15 mgI/mL, VMI was superior, with conventional image by visual evaluation. In the cases of iodine contents of 12 and 9 mgI/mL, image quality was judged to be almost the same level when comparing 12 and 9 mgI/mL to conventional images. In the case of 6 and 3 mgI/mL, reference image using conventional technique was superior to that of VMI. We demonstrated in that decreasing contrast iodine content is possible using VMI with an energy of 40 keV for preoperative aortic 3D‐CTA.
Klippel–Trenaunay and Sturge–Weber Overlap Syndrome with KRAS and GNAQ mutations
Authors: He Ruojie , Liao Songjie , Yao Xiaoli , Huang Ruxun , Zeng Jinsheng , Zhang Jian , Yu Jian
Published: July 2020

Patients with combined phenotypes of Sturge–Weber syndrome and Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome have been reported, though the underlying genetic spectrum in these individuals remains to be elucidated. We reported the patient presenting with Klippel–Trenaunay and Sturge–Weber overlap syndrome in mainland China. Histopathologic study confirmed the hemangioma of vein and capillary. Co‐existence of a novel somatic KRAS c.182_183 delins TC mutation and GNAQ c.548G>A mutation was identified in the affected skin tissue rather than paired peripheral blood. The somatic mutations of GNAQ and KRAS may affect MAPK‐ERK signaling pathway, resulting in endothelial anomaly and blood vessel malformation.
Documenting Value Creation: A Business Opportunity for Architects, Their Clients and Society
Authors: Sattrup Peter Andreas
Published: July 2020

Architects have often neglected documenting the value of architectural design in terms their stakeholders understand, with detrimental effects on their fees and the esteem of their profession. But there are ways forward. Architect Peter Andreas Sattrup, Senior Advisor on Sustainability for the Danish Association of Architectural Firms, explains the association's framework for value creation by architectural design and how it can open up new business opportunities.
‘Engender the Confidence to Demand Better’: The Value of Architects in Community Asset Transfers
Authors: McVicar Mhairi
Published: July 2020

Mhairi McVicar is Reader at the Welsh School of Architecture in Cardiff and Academic Lead of Community Gateway, an organisation that seeks to link Cardiff academics and design professionals with residents and businesses in the city's Grangetown district through a spirit of strong, proactive support. One initiative has been the rejuvenation of the dilapidated Grange Bowls Pavilion and its asset transfer to the local community.
Synthesis of Atomically Thin 1T‐TaSe2 with a Strongly Enhanced Charge‐Density‐Wave Order
Authors: Wang Hong , Chen Yu , Zhu Chao , Wang Xuewen , Zhang Hongbo , Tsang Siu Hon , Li Hongling , Lin Jinjun , Yu Ting , Liu Zheng , Teo Edwin Hang Tong
Published: July 2020

Bulk 1T‐TaSe2 as a charge‐density‐wave (CDW) conductor is of special interest for CDW‐based nanodevice applications because of its high CDW transition temperature. Reduced dimensionality of the strongly correlated material is expected to result in significantly different collective properties. However, the growth of atomically thin 1T‐TaSe2 crystals remains elusive, thus hampering studies of dimensionality effects on the CDW of the material. Herein, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of atomically thin TaSe2 crystals is reported with controlled 1T phase. Scanning transmission electron microscopy suggests the high crystallinity and the formation of CDW superlattice in the ultrathin 1T‐TaSe2 crystals. The commensurate–incommensurate CDW transition temperature of the grown 1T‐TaSe2 increases with decreasing film thickness and reaches a value of 570 K in a 3 nm thick layer, which is 97 K higher than that of previously reported bulk 1T‐TaSe2. This work enables the exploration of collective phenomena of 1T‐TaSe2 in the 2D limit, as well as offers the possibility of utilizing the high‐temperature CDW films in ultrathin phase‐change devices.
Aryl Diammonium Iodide Passivation for Efficient and Stable Hybrid Organ‐Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hou Minna , Xu Yuzeng , Zhou Bo , Tian Ying , Wu Yan , Zhang Dekun , Wang Guangcai , Li Baozhang , Ren Huizhi , Li Yuelong , Huang Qian , Ding Yi , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan , Hou Guofu
Published: July 2020

Surface passivation is increasingly one of the most prominent strategies to promote the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, most passivation molecules hinder carrier extraction due to poorly conductive aggregation between perovskite surface and carrier transportation layer. Herein, a novel molecule: p‐phenyl dimethylammonium iodide (PDMAI) with ammonium group on both terminals is introduced, and its passivation effect is systematically investigated. It is found that PDMAI can mitigate defects at the surface and promote carrier extraction from perovskite to the hole transporting layer, leading to a lift of open‐circuit voltage of 40 mV. Profiting from superior PDMAI passivation, the average efficiency of PSCs has been elevated from 19.69% to 20.99%. As demonstrated with density functional theory calculations, PDMAI probably tends to anchor onto the perovskite surface with both NH3I tails, and enhances the adhesion and contact to perovskite layer. The exposed hydrophobic aryl core protects perovskite against detrimental environmental factors. In addition, the alkyl component between aryl and ammonium groups is demonstrated to be essentially vital in triggering passivation function, which offers the guidance for the design of passivation molecules.
Particle Surfaces to Study Macrophage Adherence, Migration, and Clearance
Authors: Septiadi Dedy , Lee Aaron , Spuch‐Calvar Miguel , Moore Thomas Lee , Spiaggia Giovanni , Abdussalam Wildan , Rodriguez‐Lorenzo Laura , Taladriz‐Blanco Patricia , Rothen‐Rutishauser Barbara , Petri‐Fink Alke
Published: July 2020

Nanoparticle adsorption to substrates pose a unique challenge to understand uptake mechanisms as it involves the organization of complex cytoskeletal components by cells to perform endocytosis/phagocytosis. In particular, it is not well‐understood from a cell mechanics perspective how the adhesion of particles on substrate will influence the ease of material clearance. By using a particle model, key contributing factors underlying cell adhesion on nonporous silica particle surfaces, migration and engulfment, are simulated and studied. Following a 24 h incubation period, monocyte‐derived macrophages and A549 epithelial cells are able to adhere and remove particles in their local vicinity through induction of adhesive pulling arise from cell traction forces and phagocytic/endocytic mechanisms, in a size‐dependent manner. It is observed that such particle‐decorated surfaces can be used to address the influence of surface topography on cell behavior. Substrates which presented 480 nm silica particles are able to induce greater development and maturation of focal adhesions, which play an important role in cellular mechanoregulation. Moreover, under a chemotactic influence, in the presence of 30% fetal bovine serum, macrophages are able to uptake the particles and be directed to translocate along a concentration gradient, indicating that local mechanical effects do not substantially impair normal physiological functions.
2D Perovskite Seeding Layer for Efficient Air‐Processable and Stable Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hangoma Pesi Mwitumwa , Shin Insoo , Yang Hyun‐Seock , Kim Danbi , Jung Yun Kyung , Lee Bo Ram , Kim Joo Hyun , Kim Kwang Ho , Park Sung Heum
Published: July 2020

Despite the record power conversion efficiencies, inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are still looking to overcome the challenge of moisture instability. This is mitigated by introducing 2D perovskite at the base of a 3D perovskite via coating of ethylenediamine bications on top of the hole transport layer of p–i–n planar configured devices. The cations induce thin 2D perovskite growth beneath the 3D perovskite to create a 2D/3D hybrid active layer. This 2D layer in turn acts as a template for the growth of relatively large grains compared to that of pure 3D perovskite films. This stems from the merging of grain boundaries. The hydrophobicity of the 2D/3D perovskite film consequently improves, as evidenced by a large contact angle of 93.1°, compared to 68.9° for the 3D perovskite film. Because there are fewer defects sourced from grain boundaries, the air‐processed 2D/3D perovskite devices yield a high power conversion efficiency of 15.02%, compared to 13.10% from 3D perovskite devices. When stored in moderately humid environment of 55% relative humidity, the 2D/3D devices exhibit longer stabilities, with 75% of their power conversion efficiencies maintained after 150 h, compared to a total loss in efficiency for 3D device in the same time frame.
Temperature‐Dependent Chemical and Physical Microstructure of Li Metal Anodes Revealed through Synchrotron‐Based Imaging Techniques
Authors: Adair Keegan R. , Banis Mohammad Norouzi , Zhao Yang , Bond Toby , Li Ruying , Sun Xueliang
Published: July 2020

The Li metal anode has been long sought‐after for application in Li metal batteries due to its high specific capacity (3860 mAh g−1) and low electrochemical potential (−3.04 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode). Nevertheless, the behavior of Li metal in different environments has been scarcely reported. Herein, the temperature‐dependent behavior of Li metal anodes in carbonate electrolyte from the micro‐ to macroscales are explored with advanced synchrotron‐based characterization techniques such as X‐ray computed tomography and energy‐dependent X‐ray fluorescence mapping. The importance of testing methodology is exemplified, and the electrochemical behavior and failure modes of Li anodes cycled at different temperatures are discussed. Moreover, the origin of cycling performance at different temperatures is identified through analysis of Coulombic efficiencies, surface morphology, and the chemical composition of the solid electrolyte interphase in quasi‐3D space with energy‐dependent X‐ray fluorescence mappings coupled with micro‐X‐ray absorption near edge structure. This work provides new characterization methods for Li metal anodes and serves as an important basis toward the understanding of their electrochemical behavior in carbonate electrolytes at different temperatures.
α‐CsPbI3 Bilayers via One‐Step Deposition for Efficient and Stable All‐Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Cheng , Yang Yi , Syzgantseva Olga A. , Ding Yong , Syzgantseva Maria A. , Zhang Xianfu , Asiri Abdullah M. , Dai Songyuan , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja
Published: July 2020

The emerging inorganic CsPbI3 perovskites are promising wide‐bandgap materials for application in tandem solar cells, but they tend to transit from a black α phase to a yellow δ phase in ambient conditions. Herein, a gradient grain‐sized (GGS) CsPbI3 bilayer is developed to stabilize the α phase via a single‐step film deposition process. The spontaneously upward migration of (adamantan‐1‐yl)methanammonium (ADMA) based on the hot‐casting technique causes self‐assembly of the hierarchical morphology for the perovskite layers. Due to the strong steric effect of the surficial ADMA cation, a self‐assembly tiny grain‐sized CsPbI3 layer is in situ formed at the surface site, which exhibits notably enhanced phase stability by its high surface energy. Meanwhile, a large grain‐sized CsPbI3 layer is obtained at the bottom site with high charge mobility and low trap density of states, which benefits from the regulated growth rates by the interaction between ADMA and perovskites. The perovskite solar cell (PSC) based on the GGS CsPbI3 bilayer shows an efficiency of 15.5% and operates stably for 1000 h under ambient conditions. This work confirms that redistributing the surface energy of perovskite films is a facile strategy to stabilize metastable PSCs without the cost of efficiency loss.
In Situ Grazing‐Incidence Wide‐Angle Scattering Reveals Mechanisms for Phase Distribution and Disorientation in 2D Halide Perovskite Films
Authors: Hoffman Justin M. , Strzalka Joseph , Flanders Nathan C. , Hadar Ido , Cuthriell Shelby A. , Zhang Qingteng , Schaller Richard D. , Dichtel William R. , Chen Lin X. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: July 2020

2D hybrid halide perovskites with the formula (A′)2(A)n‐1PbnI3n+1 have remarkable stability and promising efficiency in photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices, yet fundamental understanding of film formation, key to optimizing these devices, is lacking. Here, in situ grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) is used to monitor film formation during spin‐coating. This elucidates the general film formation mechanism of 2D halide perovskites during one‐step spin‐coating. There are three stages of film formation: sol–gel, oriented 3D, and 2D. Three precursor phases form during the sol–gel stage and transform to perovskite, first giving a highly oriented 3D‐like phase at the air/liquid interface followed by subsequent nucleations forming slightly less oriented 2D perovskite. Furthermore, heating before crystallization leads to fewer nucleations and faster removal of the precursors, improving orientation. This outlines the primary causes of phase distribution and perpendicular orientation in 2D perovskite films and paves the way for rationally designed film fabrication techniques.
Construction of 1D Vortex Chain Using a Chiral Nanostructure
Authors: Li Zhenghua , Dong Bin , He Yangyang , Li Xiang , Chen Aiying
Published: July 2020

The construction and control of high‐order coupled vortices are a significant challenge for promoting the application of magnetic vortices. Thus far, only double‐coupled vortices have been produced and modulated in some ferromagnetic nanostructures. Here, an effective approach is provided to obtain a high‐order coupled vortex structure by using a chiral nanostructure. Double‐vortex, triple‐vortex, and n‐vortex chains can be successfully constructed using structured Fe4N nanostrips and bias nanomagnets. The designed chiral nanostructure cannot only control the transport and hybridization of vortices but also modulate the domain walls of the vortex chain for spin wave (SW) propagation. At the exciting frequency of 1.2 GHz, the SW propagates along the domain walls formed in the vortex chain. Upon increasing the frequency to 5.0 GHz, the SW gradually spreads from the domain walls into domains. This technique will present a new perspective for the design and application of magnetic vortex‐based devices.
Hydrophobic Interaction: A Promising Driving Force for the Biomedical Applications of Nucleic Acids
Authors: Xiao Fan , Chen Zhe , Wei Zixiang , Tian Leilei
Published: July 2020

The comprehensive understanding and proper use of supramolecular interactions have become critical for the development of functional materials, and so is the biomedical application of nucleic acids (NAs). Relatively rare attention has been paid to hydrophobic interaction compared with hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction of NAs. However, hydrophobic interaction shows some unique properties, such as high tunability for application interest, minimal effect on NA functionality, and sensitivity to external stimuli. Therefore, the widespread use of hydrophobic interaction has promoted the evolution of NA‐based biomaterials in higher‐order self‐assembly, drug/gene‐delivery systems, and stimuli‐responsive systems. Herein, the recent progress of NA‐based biomaterials whose fabrications or properties are highly determined by hydrophobic interactions is summarized. 1) The hydrophobic interaction of NA itself comes from the accumulation of base‐stacking forces, by which the NAs with certain base compositions and chain lengths show properties similar to thermal‐responsive polymers. 2) In conjugation with hydrophobic molecules, NA amphiphiles show interesting self‐assembly structures with unique properties in many new biosensing and therapeutic strategies. 3) The working‐mechanisms of some NA‐based complex materials are also dependent on hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, in recent attempts, NA amphiphiles have been applied in organizing macroscopic self‐assembly of DNA origami and controlling the cell–cell interactions.
Hydration counteracts the separation of lanthanides by solvent extraction
Authors: Li Zheng , Binnemans Koen
Published: July 2020

The extraction of lanthanides from aqueous nitrate solutions by quaternary ammonium nitrate ionic liquids (e.g., [A336][NO3]) shows a negative sequence (i.e., light lanthanides are more efficiently extracted than heavy lanthanides), which conflicts with the lanthanide contraction. In this study, we explored the origin of the negative sequence by investigating the extraction of lanthanides from ethylammonium nitrate by [A336][NO3]. The extraction shows a positive sequence, which is converted to a negative sequence with the addition of water. The transformation from positive to negative sequences reveals that the negative sequence is caused by the hydration of lanthanide ions: hydration of lanthanide ions counteracts the extraction. Therefore, the use of solvents that have weak solvation with lanthanide ions might enhance the separation of the elements by solvent extraction.
Pyroelectric Tweezers for Handling Liquid Unit Volumes
Authors: Nasti Giuseppe , Coppola Sara , Vespini Veronica , Grilli Simonetta , Vettoliere Antonio , Granata Carmine , Ferraro Pietro
Published: July 2020

Liquids are the primary environments in which chemical, physical, and biological processes occur. Considering a liquid bridge as liquid unit volume (LUV) element, it is highly desirable to develop reliable tools for handling such volumes. Herein, a sort of intelligent microfluidic platform based on the pyroelectric‐electrohydrodynamics (EHD) is shown for manipulating liquid bridges and thus performing multiple functions in a flexible and simple way. Several basic operations with liquid bridges using an EHD‐pin matrix based on the pyroelectric effect engineered in ferroelectric crystals are demonstrated. By activating pyro‐EHD effect in predetermined positions (pins of the array), the locomotion and handling of single or multiple LUVs simultaneously are controlled. In particular, multiple operations such as lift, displacement, mixing, stretching, and carrying vector for microparticles, are shown. These tweezers based on a pyro‐EHD matrix can open the route for a multipurpose platform driven by physical intelligence and can be used for driving locomotion and operate manifolds functionalities in many areas of science and technology at microscale as well as nanoscale with advantages to be activated by the sole thermal stimulus, controlled remotely, and in noncontact mode.
Automated Evaluation of Human Embryo Blastulation and Implantation Potential using Deep‐Learning
Authors: Kan-Tor Yoav , Zabari Nir , Erlich Ity , Szeskin Adi , Amitai Tamar , Richter Dganit , Or Yuval , Shoham Zeev , Hurwitz Arye , Har-Vardi Iris , Gavish Matan , Ben-Meir Assaf , Buxboim Amnon
Published: July 2020

In in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments, early identification of embryos with high implantation potential is required for shortening time to pregnancy while avoiding clinical complications to the newborn and the mother caused by multiple pregnancies. Current classification tools are based on morphological and morphokinetic parameters that are manually annotated using time‐lapse video files. However, manual annotation introduces interobserver and intraobserver variability and provides a discrete representation of preimplantation development while ignoring dynamic features that are associated with embryo quality. A fully automated and standardized classifiers are developed by training deep neural networks directly on the raw video files of >6200 blastulation‐labeled and >5500 implantation‐labeled embryos. Prediction of embryo implantation is more accurate than the current state‐of‐the‐art morphokientic classifier. Embryo classification improves with video length where the most predictive images show only partial association with morphological features. Deep learning substitute to human evaluation of embryo developmental competence thus contributes to implementing single embryo transfer methodology.
Intact Brain Network Function in an Unresponsive Patient with COVID‐19
Authors: Fischer David , Threlkeld Zachary D. , Bodien Yelena G. , Kirsch John E. , Huang Susie Y. , Schaefer Pamela W. , Rapalino Otto , Hochberg Leigh R. , Rosen Bruce R. , Edlow Brian L.
Published: July 2020

Many patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) remain unresponsive after surviving critical illness. Although several structural brain abnormalities have been described, their impact on brain function and implications for prognosis are unknown. Functional neuroimaging, which has prognostic significance, has yet to be explored in this population. Here we describe a patient with severe COVID‐19 who, despite prolonged unresponsiveness and structural brain abnormalities, demonstrated intact functional network connectivity, and weeks later recovered the ability to follow commands. When prognosticating for survivors of severe COVID‐19, clinicians should consider that brain networks may remain functionally intact despite structural injury and prolonged unresponsiveness. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:851–854
Preparation of electrospun magnetic polyvinyl butyral/Fe2O3 nanofibrous membranes for effective removal of iron ions from groundwater
Authors: Peer Petra , Cvek Martin , Urbanek Michal , Sedlacik Michal
Published: July 2020

Removing iron ions from groundwater to purify, it is a challenge faced by countries across the globe, which is why developing polymeric microfiltration membranes has garnered much attention. The authors of this study set out to develop nanofibrous membranes by embedding magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles (MNPs) into polyvinylbutyral (PVB) nanofibers via the electrospinning process. Investigation was made into the effects of the concentration of the PVB and MNPs on the morphology of the nanofibers, their magnetic properties, and capacity for filtration to remove iron ions. The fabrication and presence of well‐incorporated MNPs in the PVB nanofibers were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Depending on the concentration of the MNPs, the membranes exhibited magnetization to the extent of 45.5 emu g−1; hence, they exceeded the performance of related nanofibrous membranes in the literature. The magnetic membranes possessed significantly higher efficiency for filtration compared to their nonmagnetic analogues, revealing their potential for groundwater treatment applications.
The Anatomical Record continues to replace wonder with knowledge through first‐hand experience of acupuncture
Authors: Albertine Kurt H. , Laitman Jeffrey T.
Published: July 2020

A group of original papers is assembled for this thematic‐papers issue on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The idea for a thematic‐papers issue came from Associate Editor and Guest Editor, Jicheng Li. Jicheng's idea was to introduce concepts and studies of TCM to the editorial board of The Anatomical Record and the Journal's readership. Thus, nine papers are published that deal with biomarkers, animal models, or treatments of TCM syndromes. Uniquely, Jicheng's effort culminated in acupuncture treatment of the editorial board members by a licensed physician of TCM. We learned, first‐hand by Dr. Weixue Wang, about this ancient and vibrant holistic philosophy and medical practice. Our pleasure is to share the topic and our experience with you.
Decacyclene Radical Anions Showing Strong Low‐energy Intramolecular Absorption and Magnetic Coupling of Spins in a Hexagonal Network
Authors: Konarev Dmitri V. , Kuzmin Aleksey V. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Shestakov Alexander F. , Otsuka Akihiro , Yamochi Hideki , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Lyubovskaya Rimma N.
Published: July 2020

Two salts of the aromatic hydrocarbon decacyclene, {cryptand[2.2.2](Cs+)} (decacyclene.−) (1) and {Bu3MeP+}(decacyclene.−) (2), were obtained. In both salts, decacyclene.− radical anions formed channels occupied by cations. However, corrugated hexagonal decacyclene.− layers could be outlined in the crystal structure of 1 with several side‐by‐side C⋅⋅⋅C approaches. The decacyclene.− radical anions showed strong distortion in both salts, deviating from the C3 symmetry owing to the repulsion of closely arranged hydrogen atoms and the Jahn‐Teller effect. Radical anions showed intense unusually low energy absorption in the IR‐range, with maxima at 4800 and 6000 cm−1. According to the carculations, these bands can originate from the SOMO‐LUMO+1 and SOMO‐LUMO+2 transitions, respectively. Radical anions exhibited a S=1/2 spin state, with an effective magnetic moment of 1.72 μB at 300 K. The decacyclene.− spin antiferromagnetically coupled with a Weiss temperature of −11 K. Spin ordering was not observed down to 1.9 K owing to spin frustration in the hexagonal decacyclene.− layers.