bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multikulturalisme dan Politik Identitas: Catatan Reflektif atas Gagasan Politik Will Kymlicka
Authors: Dulmanan Amsar A.
Published: October 2020

Keberagaman merupakan fakta sosiologis bangsa Indonesia yang tidak dapat disangkal. Keberagaman merupakan bawaan asali dari bangsa Indonesia, bahkan jauh sebelum negara-bangsa Indonesia terbentuk. Artinya, secara tradisional, sesungguhnya bangsa Indonesia telah terbiasa dengan keberagaman. Namun dalam konteks negara-bangsa Indonesia modern, keberagaman memiliki makna dan tuntutan sosio-politik yang jauh berbeda dari keberagaman yang dikenal oleh para puak pendiri bangsa Indonesia. Dalam konteks tersebut, artikel ini akan mendiskusikan gagasan politik multikulturalisme yang diusulkan Will Kymlicka. Dengan menggunakan studi pustaka artikel ini membicarakan beberapa pandangan tentang multikulturalisme, serta poin utama dan kerangka umum gagasan politik multikulturalisme Kymlicka serta posisinya dalam diskursus tentang demokrasi dan masyarakat plural. Dari analisis literatur tersebut, kami berpendapat bahwa setidaknya ada dua dilema yang dihadapi oleh teori-teori multikulturalisme dalam memandang kebudayaan dan perbedaan budaya. Pertama, pemahaman esensialis terhadap kebudayaan yang mengandaikan bahwa kebudayaan sebagai entitas yang fixed, tidak berubah, dan berdiri sendiri. Kedua kuatnya klaim universitas nilai dalam berbagai pemahaman mengenai multikulturalisme merupakan sebuah tantangan tersendiri, sekaligus mengindikasikan jalan panjang yang masih harus ditempuh dalam merumuskan teori untuk mengatasi problem perbedaan budaya atas dasar prinsip-prinsip liberalisme.
Perang, Repetisi, dan Kosmos: Sebuah Etnografi tentang Perang pada Masyarakat Lembah Agung Baliem
Authors: Prasetyo Aji Dwi
Published: October 2020

Perang, diakui atau tidak, selalu menjadi pilihan “jalan keluar” bagi masyarakat arkais ataupun masyarakat modern. Sebagai sesuatu yang lekat dengan semua budaya, perang memiliki peran dan fungsi yang hampir sama yakni mencapai keseimbangan baru. Melalui tulisan ini, penulis mencoba untuk memahami perang melalui kerangka budaya masyakat Lembah Baliem. Membaca perang dari budaya yang masih cenderung “asli” akan memudahkan kita untuk membaca berbagai bentuk perang di berbagai budaya ataupun berbagai masa. Tulisan ini membahasa mengenai perang adat Masyarakat Baliem. Perang merupakan hal yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam keseluruhan hidup Masyarakat Lembah Baliem. Tanpanya, penegasan identitas manusia Baliem tak utuh. Relasi sosial dan kekerabatan antara masyarakat Lembah Baliem diperkuat dengan adanya perang. Perang menjadi penghubung masa kini dan masa lampau sekaligus menempatkan setiap individu dalam keseimbangan kosmik.
Multivariate statistical modelling of the drivers of compound flood events in south Florida
Authors: Jane Robert , Cadavid Luis , Obeysekera Jayantha , Wahl Thomas
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Miami-Dade County (south-east Florida) is among the most vulnerable regions to sea level rise in the United States, due to a variety of natural and
human factors. The co-occurrence of multiple, often statistically dependent flooding drivers – termed compound events – typically exacerbates
impacts compared with their isolated occurrence. Ignoring dependencies between the drivers will potentially lead to underestimation of flood risk
and under-design of flood defence structures. In Miami-Dade County water control structures were designed assuming full dependence between rainfall
and Ocean-side Water Level (O-sWL), a conservative assumption inducing large safety factors. Here, an analysis of the dependence between the
principal flooding drivers over a range of lags at three locations across the county is carried out. A two-dimensional analysis of rainfall and
O-sWL showed that the magnitude of the conservative assumption in the original design is highly sensitive to the regional sea level rise projection
considered. Finally, the vine copula and Heffernan and Tawn (2004) models are shown to outperform five standard higher-dimensional copulas in
capturing the dependence between the principal drivers of compound flooding: rainfall, O-sWL, and groundwater level. The work represents a first
step towards the development of a new framework capable of capturing dependencies between different flood drivers that could potentially be
incorporated into future Flood Protection Level of Service (FPLOS) assessments for coastal water control structures.
An unusual cause of reactive arthritis with urticarial: A case report
Authors: Alamlih Laith , Abufaied Mohamad , Al-Allaf Abdul-Wahab
Published: October 2020

Reactive arthritis (ReA) is a syndrome of arthritis and tenosynovitis with defined extra-articular manifestations following certain infections. Despite being recognized a long time ago, debates still surrounds its definition. It is still unclear if the spectrum of the disease should include arthritis induced by other than the classical organisms. Here, we present an unusual cause of ReA. A young healthy female patient presented with acute polyarthritis and acute urticaria after 2 weeks of diarrheal illness. She was found to have blastocystis in the stool microscopy. Extensive evaluation ruled out other causes of her arthritis. She received metronidazole with a short course of NSAIDS and steroids with complete resolution of her skin and joint symptoms. She was followed for six months with no recurrence of arthritis or urticaria. Blastocystis sp. is a parasite that is prevalent in developing countries. It has been linked to isolated ReA or isolated urticaria among a few other case reports. This is the very first case to have blastocystis induced ReA that coexisted with acute urticaria. Upon review of the literature, we found that blastocystis induced ReA affects mainly young and middle-aged females such as in our case. The arthritis is usually settled with the parasite eradication. Finally, urticaria might be a distinguishing feature for blastocystis induced ReA that requires specific antimicrobial therapy.
The September 1985 Mexico earthquake
Authors: New Zealand reconnaissance team
Published: October 2020

Preliminary report  of the New Zealand reconnaissance team
A new health care index predicts short term mortality for TB and HIV co-infected people
Authors: Roen A. O. , Podlekareva D. , Miller R. F. , Mocroft A. , Panteleev A. , Skrahina A. , Miro J. M. , Cayla J. A. , Tetradov S. , Derisova E. , Furrer H. , Losso M. H. , Vassilenko A. , Girardi E. , Lundgren J. D. , Post F. A. , Kirk O.
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Using 2004–2007 TB:HIV Study data from Europe and Latin America, we previously generated a health care index (HCI) for TB and HIV co-infected people. With improvements in diagnostic and management practices, we have now updated the HCI with new data.METHODS:
We evaluated nine aspects of health care in Cox proportional hazards models on time from TB diagnosis to death. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate the probability of death by HCI quartile.RESULTS: Of 1396 eligible individuals (72% male, 59% from Eastern Europe), 269 died
within 12 months. Use of rifamycin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide-based treatment (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50–0.89), TB drug susceptibility testing (DST) and number of active TB drugs (DST + <3 drugs (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.80–1.48), DST + ≥3 drugs (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.35–0.70) vs. no DST),
recent HIV-RNA measurement (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.50–0.82) and combination antiretroviral therapy use (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53–0.97) were associated with mortality. These factors contributed respectively 5, –1, 8, 5 and 4 to the HCI. Lower HCI was associated with an increased
probability of death; 30% (95% CI 26–35) vs. 9% (95% CI 6–13) in the lowest vs. the highest quartile.CONCLUSION: We found five potentially modifiable health care components that were associated with mortality among TB-HIV positive individuals. Validation of
our HCI in other TB cohorts could enhance our findings.
Vitamin D deficiency predicts latent TB reactivation independent of preventive therapy: a longitudinal study
Authors: Patterson B. , Smith D. , Telford A. , Tana A. , Johnstone D. , Davidson R. , Martineau A. R.
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with progression of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection to active disease. The impact of preventive therapy on this association is unknown.METHOD: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were retrospectively linked to
adults diagnosed with latent TB between April 2010 and January 2019 in a hospital in London, UK. Individuals in the cohort who progressed to active TB were identified by matching to a national notification register. A logistic regression model was used to examine baseline vitamin D deficiency
and use of preventive therapy with subsequent incidence of TB disease.RESULTS: Of 1509 latently infected individuals with 3902 patient-years of follow-up, 687 (45.5%) were identified as vitamin D deficient and 691 (45.8%) individuals had a LTBI regimen prescribed. There were 29
(1.9%) instances of TB reactivation. On multivariate analysis, profound (<25 nmol/L) vitamin D deficiency (aHR 5.68, 95%CI 2.18–14.82; P = 0.0003) and the absence of preventive therapy (aHR 3.84, 95%CI 1.46–10.08; P = 0.006) were associated with progression to
active TB disease. There was no evidence that preventive therapy modified the association between vitamin D status and TB reactivation.CONCLUSION: Our results show an independent association between vitamin D deficiency and progression from latent TB infection to active disease.
Prevalence of COPD among women and relation with cooking fuel choice in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Sana A. , Meda N. , Kafando B. , Badoum G. , Bouland C.
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: According to the WHO, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will become the third leading cause of death by 2030. In sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of the disease is unknown. We assessed the prevalence and the factors associated with COPD and chronic bronchitis
among women in charge of household cooking.METHODS: A cross-sectional population survey was conducted. We randomly selected women aged ≥18 years in charge of cooking in their household. COPD was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (forced expiratory volume in 1
sec/forced vital capacity) ratio of <0.70; chronic bronchitis was defined as cough with sputum of at least 3 months in the year for at least 2 consecutive years.RESULTS: Of the 1705 women interviewed, 835 were selected to perform spirometry and 564 provided an acceptable test
result. The prevalence of COPD was 1.1% and that of chronic bronchitis was 1.2%. COPD prevalence was higher among women using biomass, women aged >40 years, those had been cooking or had been exposed to toxic gases for more than 30 years. After adjustment, only biomass fuel use and exposure
to toxic products were found to be associated with COPD.CONCLUSION: Urgent action is need to accelerate the transition to the other sources of energy.
The effect of TB treatment on health-related quality of life for people with advanced HIV
Authors: Opollo V. , Sun X. , Lando R. , Miyahara S. , Torres T. S. , Hosseinipour M. C. , Bisson G. P. , Kumwenda J. , Gupta A. , Nyirenda M. , Katende K. , Suryavanshi N. , Beulah F. , Shah N. S. , on behalf of the A5274 study team
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Study A5274 was an open-label trial of people with HIV (PLHIV) with CD4 cell count <50 cells/µL who were randomized to empirical TB treatment vs. isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in addition to antiretroviral therapy (ART). We evaluated health-related quality
of life (HRQoL) by study arm, changes over time, and association with sociodemographic and clinical factors.METHODS: Participants aged >13 years were enrolled from outpatient clinics in 10 countries. HRQoL was assessed at Weeks 0, 8, 24 and 96 with questions about daily activity,
hospital or emergency room visits, and general health status. We used logistic regression to examine HRQoL by arm and association with sociodemographic and clinical factors.RESULTS: Among 850 participants (424 empiric arm, 426 IPT arm), HRQoL improved over time with no difference
between arms. At baseline and Week 24, participants with WHO Stage 3 or 4 events, or those who had Grade 3 or 4 signs/symptoms, were significantly more likely to report poor HRQoL using the composite of four HRQoL measures.CONCLUSION: HRQoL improved substantially in both arms during
the study period. These findings show that ART, TB screening, and IPT can not only reduce mortality, but also improve HRQoL in PLHIV with advanced disease.
Length of hospital stay for TB varies with comorbidity and hospital location
Authors: Tonko S. , Baty F. , Brutsche M. H. , Schoch O. D.
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Although most guidelines overwhelmingly recommend outpatient TB treatment, hospitalisations are common. We investigated the proportion of TB patients hospitalised and determined factors associated with length of stay (LOS) in Switzerland.METHODS: Cases
with TB as the primary diagnosis were retrieved from a nation-wide hospitalisation database and compared to TB notifications. Month and year of admission, hospital site, type of TB, age, sex, LOS and up to 50 ICD-10 coded comorbidities were compared with controls matched for age, sex and admission
date.RESULTS: From 2002 to 2015, the estimated TB hospitalisation rate was 81%. The median LOS of 6,234 TB patients was stable at 14 days (IQR 6–22), but increased in patients with miliary TB, old patients and with hospital location. TB-associated comorbidities included HIV,
liver disease, anaemia, malnutrition and genitourinary tract diseases. LOS was associated with three comorbidity clusters: 1) malnutrition, cachexia and anaemia (median LOS 20 days, IQR 13–31); 2) toxic liver disease and hepatitis (median LOS 23 days, IQR 14–37.5); and 3) adverse
drug events (median LOS 20 days, IQR 13–30).CONCLUSION: Most TB patients were hospitalised. LOS was related to TB type, comorbidities and hospital location. Promoting outpatient care is a priority to improve TB management in Switzerland.
A comparison of digital chest radiography and Xpert® MTB/RIF in active case finding for tuberculosis
Authors: Nguyen T. B. P. , Nguyen T. A. , Luu B. K. , Le T. T. O. , Nguyen V. S. , Nguyen K. C. , Duong K. D. , Nguyen H. B. , Nguyen N. L. , Fox G. J. , Nguyen N. V. , Marks G. B.
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE: To compare two community screening tests for TB: sputum examination using Xpert® MTB/RIF and chest radiography (CXR).METHOD: Men aged ≥15 years and women aged >45 years living in 96 sub-communes in Ca Mau, Viet Nam, were invited to provide
a single sputum specimen that was tested using Xpert. Participants were also invited to attend a nearby location for digital radiography. Participants whose sputum was Xpert MTB-positive or whose CXR was reported as ‘consistent with TB´ were requested to provide two further sputum
specimens for culture. The sensitivities of the two tests for detecting TB (defined as sputum culture-positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis) were compared.RESULTS: There were 72 985 eligible participants, of whom 57 597 (78.9%) participated in Xpert screening,
12 752 (17.5%) had CXR and 11 235 (15.4%) had both tests. We estimated that there were 59 cases of TB, of whom 20 were Xpert MTB-positive (programmatic sensitivity 34.0%) and 47 had CXR reported as ‘consistent with TB´ (sensitivity 80.0%, P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION:
In community-wide screening for TB, CXR is more sensitive than a single spontaneously expectorated sputum sample tested using Xpert, but it has a substantially lower participation rate.
Assessment of the impact of the restricted areas access control management on the airport security system
Authors: Uchroński Piotr
Published: October 2020

At present, airports are one of the few transport infrastructure facilities where we can see significant passenger comfort restrictions. In addition to several legal acts regulating precisely the rules of using this form of communication, we also deal with a continuous process of passenger flow management, broadly understood logistics and investment works, which significantly affect the airport's operational readiness. One of the essential elements related to air transport is the need to ensure air operations safety. The requirements and limitations associated with the transporting specific objects and substances and the tools for their detection are quite precisely defined in the applicable legal acts. These activities serve one purpose: to prevent acts of unlawful interference. However, the work indicates another element, perhaps less visible in the entire security control process, but equally crucial for the proper functioning of the security system. It is access control. The work shows the method of access control management in the context of an airport's functioning with many thousands of users. Bearing in mind the need to verify people moving around the airport and immediately react to all kinds of staff and structural rotations that directly affect people's rights to stay in specific airport zones, we can assess airport security level. Notably, the work shows the dependence of the entire airport's safety on managing its single link, which is the airport pass. This article also shows the impact of the automation of the access control management process on work efficiency and the effectiveness in achieving its primary goal, which is to protect the airport against unauthorized entry into the protected area.
Potential Drugs for Treating COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Mohammadi Mehrdad , Sandle Tim , Rajabi Sajad , Khorshidi Ahmad , Piroozmand Ahmad
Published: October 2020

: The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) appeared as an emerging respiratory disease in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, and then spread rapidly worldwide, being declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Researchers are attempting to discover specifically designed antiviral treatments for COVID-19. Several therapeutic agents such as Interferon-α, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Ribavirin, Chloroquine, Chloroquine phosphate, Hydroxychloroquine, Arbidol, Favipiravir, Remdesivir, Darunavir, Imatinib, Teicoplanin, Azithromycin, COVID-19 convalescent plasma, other potential antiviral drugs, and Chinese herbal agents are now being clinically studied to examine both pharmaceutical efficacy and safety for COVID-19 treatment in several countries. Some favorable results from these studies have been obtained to date. This review article summarizes and reiterates drugs that are potentially efficient against COVID-19.
Effects of Cryotherapy and Foam Rolling Recovery Methods on Performance and Muscle Damage Indices in Young Male Soccer Players After Simulated Soccer Match
Authors: Moradi Hossein , Monazzami Amirabbas
Published: October 2020

Background: Research is limited on the effectiveness of various post-soccer match recovery methods. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of active recovery methods on performance and muscle damage indices in young male soccer players. Methods: In this study, 21 male subjects (age 16.95 ± 2, height 175.29 ± 4, weight 65.99 ± 5) were selected and divided randomly into three recovery groups after a simulated soccer match. Foam roller recovery included massaging various muscle groups using a foam roller. Recovery by immersion in cold water involved immersing the body up to the neck in cold water at 15 °C. In inactive recovery, the subjects had no activity. The Yo-Yo recovery test, Sargent jump test, 20-m speed test, lactometer, and ELISA tests were used to measure the variables of aerobic power, explosive power, speed, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine kinase, respectively. A two-way ANOVA test with repeated measures was used to determine the differences at a confidence interval of 95%. Results: A significant difference was observed between the foam roller recovery group and the control group 24 hours after the simulated soccer match in muscle damage indices (P value < 0.05). However, in the active recovery group comparison, no significant difference was observed in the performance indices (P value < 0.05). Conclusions: It seems that foam rolling recovery can be used as a useful way to accelerate recovery compared to water immersion recovery through a reduction in inflammatory responses.
The Effect of Preventive-Care Education on Radiotherapy-Induced Dermatitis in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Ganjali Vahideh , Kiyani Fatemeh , Saeedinezhad Farshid , Sasanpoor Pegah , Askari Hasan
Published: October 2020

Background: Breast cancer is the most common on the list and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Although radiation therapy is a key component of cancer treatment, it causes several complications, including radiodermatitis. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of preventive-care education on radiotherapy-induced dermatitis in patients with breast cancer. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 80 patients with breast cancer who were candidates for radiation therapy were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the groups of intervention and control. Data were collected using a demographic form and a scale for assessing skin complications developed by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG). Patients in the intervention group were trained individually in three 30-minute sessions on treatment methods, chemotherapy, and prevention as well as radiodermatitis care. While the control group received routine care. Data were analyzed in SPSS 22 using the Mann-Whitney test, chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, and generalized estimation equation (GEE) at a significance level of < 0.05. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups concerning the marital status, smoking, education level, age, BMI, plasma albumin level, and disease stage. After providing the intervention, the prevalence of radiodermatitis grade 1 was 27.5 and 7.5% in the control and intervention groups, respectively. After six weeks, 30% and 10% of patients in the control group developed radiodermatitis grades 3 and 4, respectively, but only 7.5% of patients in the intervention group had radiodermatitis grade 3. The results of GEE indicated that over time, the probability of developing higher grades of radiodermatitis increases by 1.074. This probability was 1.355 higher in the control group than the intervention group (P value = 0.03). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the positive effect of the educational intervention on the severity of radiodermatitis in patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Along with medication, implementing an educational program that teaches patients how to prevent radiodermatitis helps to reduce the incidence of radiodermatitis.
Bilateral Vesicoureteral Reflux in Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Tohidi Mohammad Reza , Seyedzadeh Mohammad Saleh , Hookari Sara , Amiri Rahimpour , Seyedzadeh Abolhassan
Published: October 2020

: Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is a rare genetic kidney disorder. Different associations between CNS and other organ anomalies have been reported previously. However, urologic abnormalities are not common. This case report can show the association of CNS as a genetic disorder with other abnormalities with a genetic basis. However, the association with urinary abnormalities is rare. We have reported a 25-day-old male newborn, who was referred to our hospital with generalized edema. During the initial evaluation, CNS was diagnosed. The baby, then four months old, was admitted to the hospital with high fever and poor feeding, and a diagnosis of febrile urinary tract infection was made. A voiding cystouretrography was performed that revealed bilateral high-grade vesicoureteral reflux. According to our findings in this case and the genetic basis of CNS and urinary tract anomalies, we recommend the investigation of the urinary tract in CNS patients if indicated.
Post-Marxist Political Ontology and the Foreclosure of Radical Newness
Authors: Vitale Sarah E. ,   DePaul University
Published: October 2020

Much of leftist political philosophy has uncritically accepted the logic of capitalism, which is a logic of conservation that presents itself as a logic of “production.” Many leftist political philosophers subscribe to capitalism’s fundamental myth—that capitalism produces the new. This appearance of proliferation, however, masks an underlying stasis. This article interrogates this trend in the apparently disparate projects of contemporary accelerationism and Jacques Rancière. The accelerationist project of immanence allows for newness only in quantity and not in quality, while Rancière, coming closer to thinking radical newness in his account of politics, forecloses the possibility of a radically emancipatory society. I suggest an open ontology, which Marx offers, provides a better framework for thinking revolutionary newness.
Yield from Pulse Cultivation in Purulia, West Bengal: The Socio-Ecological and Techno-Managerial Interpretation
Authors: Mandal Subham , Acharya Sankar Kumar , Biswas Amitava , Chatterjee Riti
Published: October 2020

In India, pulses are mainly cultivated on marginal lands under rain fed conditions. Only 15% of the area under pulses has assured irrigation. High level of fluctuations in production of pulse crops because of various biotic and abiotic stresses and erratic prices, farmers are not very willing to take up pulse cultivation inspite of high wholesale pulse prices in the recent years. In rice-fallow agriculture in Purulia, pulse is the main source of protein to millions and a dependable mentor of soil health. The present study has been conducted in Manbazar-1 and Purulia-1 blocks of Purulia district and data were collected from 75 respondents who are mainly small and marginal farmers. The selection of the respondents has followed the random sampling method by using an exhaustive list of pulse growers from selected locale. Size of land holding and cost of fuel have got the most importance. The study has offered a unique micro level policy implication at a time when the entire nation is trying to boost up pulse productivity and cultivation throughout the length and breadth of geography of India.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Stems at Varying Moisture Contents
Authors: Fagbemi S. A.
Published: October 2020

The physical and mechanical properties of Nigerian variety Kenaf stems Ibadan Local were studied. Plant height was ranged from 224 cm to 327 cm and maximum stem diameter was ranged from 15 mm to 50 mm. The mechanical properties revealed that maximum cutting force and shearing energy were 1778.62 N and 10.20 J, respectively for 37% moisture content while it was 742.67 N and 3.74 J for 77% moisture content. The Young’s modulus ranged from 60.04 – 266.80 MPa. The greater shearing energy was obtained at the base of the stem.
Welfare Level Analysis of Fish Skin Cracker Processors in Sugiharjo Village, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra
Authors: Bangun Jefry Yoris , Rizal Achmad , . Junianto , Gumilar Iwang
Published: October 2020

This study analyzes the welfare of fish skin crackers processors who live in Sugiharjo Village in the Deli Serdang district, North Sumatra Province. This study aim to analyze the level of household income and the welfare of the fish skin crackers processors who lives in Sugiharjo Village, Deli Serdang District Sumatra Utara Province. The method used in this research is a survey method with interviewing techniques. Then the types of data collected are primary data and secondary data. Furthermore, the respondent selection technique was carried out using the census method. The interviewed respondents were fish skin cracker processors who live in Sugiharjo Village and already have a family. The data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive method. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the income earned from the wages of fish skin cracker processing workers is IDR 30,000 - IDR 100,000 per day. Based on 10 indicators of household welfare level according to Statistics Indonesia [1], the household welfare of fish skin cracker processors in Sugiharjo Village has a score of 3.10. A total number of workers is 33. This result is retrieved after interviewing 33 respondents.
A Review: Honey and Its Nutritional Composition
Authors: Hasam Sabia , Qarizada Deana , Azizi Muzhda
Published: October 2020

Honey is one of the historical natural products produced by honey bees. Humans used it as medicine and protection against some infectious diseases, a honey quale is dependent in its classification of the honey bee. The most famous accomplished honey bees in the world are Africanized honey bee (Apis mellıfera .l), Western honey bee or European honey bee (Apis mellifera), Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana),  Philippine honey bee (Apis nigrocincta), Koschevnikovs honey bee (A. koschevnikovi), Giant Honeybees (Apis dorsata), Dwarf Honeybees (Apis andreniformis). This study collected the health effect, quality and usage of honey in several industries; also argue about the nutritious value of honey that the most important parts are protein, carbohydrates, vitamin, and minerals.

Honey is not only a nutrient it also plays a major role in many other products, uses of honey in cosmetics as a protective and softener of skin, it is used up to 22% in paste masks and mud packs (which are considered rinse-off formulations). Uses of honey in Ayurveda for prevention of irritation, cough, healthy teeth, gums, and boons. 

Production of honey has been compared in 2013 to 2018, in 2013 the world production of honey was 1,664 thousand tones with an increase of 1/3 in just two decades. China, where manufacturing amounted to 466.3 thousand tons, i.e. approximately 29% of the global volume of output, these are showing that China was the biggest producer of honey in the world but it gets a decrease in 2018 as well as Brazil, America, Russia, Ethiopia, and Iran. And it increases in Turkey, Argentine, India, Mexico, and Poland.
Assessment of Socio-economic Characteristics and Anthropometric Status of Pre and Post-menopausal Civil Servants in Abeokuta, Ogun State Nigeria
Authors: I. Ojo M. , S. Nupo S. , A. Shittu T. , A. Sanni S. , A. Ilori O.
Published: October 2020

Background: Menopause is the consistent and continuous absence of menses for twelve consecutive months among women.

Aim: The study was conducted to assess the Anthropometry and Nutrient intake of pre and post-menopausal civil servant in Abeokuta, Ogun state. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist/Hip ratio were used to classify the anthropometric characteristics of the respondents and were compared with the WHO reference standard.

Methods: All statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS/RC) Programme (version 16). Chi-square, t-test and Pearson linear correlation were used to assess the relationship between variables.

Results: Result of Body Mass Index (BMI) revealed that a total of 17.4% of pre-menopausal women and 14.8% of the menopausal were obese.  Consumption of fruit and vegetable was low for both groups of women. There was a significant difference in the WHR (p< 0.05) and no significant difference in the mean intake of the two groups considered at p< 0.05. There was a positive correlation (r=0.246) between age and BMI and a positive correlation (r=0.164) between BMI and activity level.

Conclusion: There is a need to educate respondents on weight maintenance. An improvement in respondents' knowledge on the importance of fruit and vegetable, through nutrition education, and way to incorporate these sources of nutrient in the diet will go a long way in improving nutritional status.
Technologies for Preparation of Solid and Granular Jaggery: A Review
Authors: Kuruba Eresh Kumar , Rao P. V. K. Jagannadha , Khokhar D. , Patel S.
Published: October 2020

Jaggery is unrefined sugar used in all countries of the world under different names prepared from sugarcane juice. It is a tastemaker and color maker rather than being just a sweetener. Jaggery is rich in minerals and vitamins contained more than of refined sugar. Nowadays people are very conscious about health and current food consumption. People are concentrating mainly on high-quality foods with low capital investment. Jaggery is one of the products which is cheaply and easily available to all categories of people. To meet market demand and jaggery export, with a short period of production though it is consumed throughout the year, the high quality and hygiene jaggery can be prepared by increasing the plant efficiency by considering the modifications in the design of the furnace, pan, rate of bagasse consumption, rate of heat transfer from hot flue gases. The production can also be increased by practicing good manufacturing practice (GMP), by preparing other products like liquid jaggery and granular jaggery in addition to solid jaggery. This paper discusses the various up-gradation technologies of jaggery preparation and besides, this paper gives an overview of various forms of jaggery preparation from different sources of input along with automation and advanced jaggery making process.
Different Cropping System Effects of Depth-Wise Distribution of Available NPKS in an Inceptisol of Southern Telangana Zone
Authors: Nthebere Knight , Sharma S. H. K. , Kumari Ch. Pragathi , Qureshi A. Aziz
Published: October 2020

The present study was undertaken in the ongoing long-term experiment initiated during 2017 at the experimental farm of College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Soil samples were collected from two depths (0–15 and 15–30 cm) and analysed for soil fertility parameters namely: available N, P, K and S. The results indicated that the different cropping systems had positive influence on improving the nutrient status (i.e., available N, P and K) significantly over the initial soil values (N: 112.20, P: 23.40 and K: 170.30 kg ha-1, respectively). Interestingly, it was noticed that improved availability of nutrients (N, P, K and S) was more profound in the upper soil layer (0–15 cm) compared to lower depth (15–30 cm) in all the cropping systems (CS). The CS: Bt cotton + Greengram – Groundnut had recorded high nitrogen (N=221.60 kg-1), CS: Fodder maize – Lucerne recorded high in available P (P=49.13 kg-1) and CS: Fodder sorghum + Fodder cowpea – Horsegram – Sunhemp recorded high in K and S (K=208.10 kg-1, S= 172.0 kg S ha-1) after kharif season. While, CS: Pigeon pea + Greengram – Sesame showed high for N (N=228.57 kg-1), CS: Fodder maize – Lucerne for high P (P=48.27 kg-1) and Rice – Maize recorded high for K and S (K=207.63 kg-1 and S= 95.40 kg S ha-1) in top soil layer (0–15 cm) after harvest of rabi compared to lower soil depth (15–30 cm).
Saving Behavior and External Debt Service: The West African Perspective
Authors: Eunice Obi Chineze , Ibe Imo G.
Published: October 2020

The paper investigated the effect of saving behavior and debt-service on the debt burden and its effect on some economic indicators, debt service to export, export to GDP, debt service to GDP, savings rate and income per capita of 14 West African Countries. The data from the World Bank economic indicators for the period 1985-2015 were used as models. This was analyzed using fixed and random effect regressions and houseman tests to determine the most appropriate estimator. The results revealed that the national savings of these countries should play a significant role in terms of payment of debt services and the countries' ability to reducing their total debt burden. It is also revealed that an increase in the export/GDP growth will lead to growth in the country’s economy by providing more resources to pay the national debt, both external and domestic debt. The national saving rate should aim at improving the economic growth rate through a higher saving ]rate. The paper recommends that these countries should pursue a balanced saving policy, increase the export/GDP ratio and total revenue generated for a fully sustainable reduction of total debt burden so that future generations would not inherit a huge debt burden.
Effect of Oral Administration of the Leaf Extract of Uvaria chamae (Mmimi Ohia) in Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Ogbu Innocent S. I. , Okafor Eugenia O. , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Ogbu Chinemerem C. , Esimai Bessie Nonyelum. , Okeke Nduka J. , Ukeekwe Chukwulete Okafor
Published: October 2020

Uvariachamae (vernacular; mmimiohia) belongs to the family Annonaceae. It is a small tree that grows wild to about 4.5 meters in the savanna and rain forest regions of Nigeria and other African countries. It is known to possess various medicinal and therapeutic properties. The biochemical and toxicological effects of its ethanolic leaf extract on Wistar albino rats were assessed in this study. Twenty albino rats grouped into 4 (5 animals in each group) were used. Group A served as control while groups B, C, D received 250, 500 and 1 000mg/kg body weight of the extract for a period of 30 days. The mean alkaline phosphatase activity of the control was 350±11.0Iu/l as against 490±38.00, 630±60, and 370±20 for groups B, C, and D (p =0.01, ˃0.05, 0,001) respectively. The mean serum urea concentration of the control was 5.00±0.19mg/dl as against 3.80±0.31, 3.30±0.28 and 3.50±0.18mg/dl (p=0.01, 0.001, 0.001) for groups B, C, D respectively. The extract had no significant effects on the liver enzymes, ALT and AST, serum sodium, potassium, chloride as well as creatinine of the rats. Serum bicarbonate was raised significantly, 26.00±0.53, 28.00±0.60, 27.00±1.10, 29.00±1.10 for groups B, C, D (p= 0.042, ˃0.05, 0.043) respectively. Histological studies showed no abnormality in the kidneys and mild peri-portal lymphocytic infiltration of the liver. Phytochemical analyses of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, resins, proteins terpenoids and reducing sugar. Hence, ethanolic extract of leaves of Uvaria chamae has no serious deleterious effects on Wistar albino rats and may be safely used in traditional medical practice.
New Smart Antimicrobial Hydrogels, Nanomaterials, and Coatings: Earlier Action, More Specific, Better Dosing?
Authors: Tallet Lorène , Gribova Varvara , Ploux Lydie , Vrana Nihal Engin , Lavalle Philippe
Published: October 2020

To fight against antibiotic‐resistant bacteria adhering and developing on medical devices, which is a growing problem worldwide, researchers are currently developing new “smart” materials and coatings. They consist in delivery of antimicrobial agents in an intelligent way, i.e., only when bacteria are present. This requires the use of new and sophisticated tools combining antimicrobial agents with lipids or polymers, synthetic and/or natural. In this review, three classes of innovative materials are described: hydrogels, nanomaterials, and thin films. Moreover, smart antibacterial materials can be classified into two groups depending on the origin of the stimulus used: those that respond to a nonbiological stimulus (light, temperature, electric and magnetic fields) and those that respond to a biological stimulus related to the presence of bacteria, such as changes in pH or bacterial enzyme secretion. The bacteria presence can induce a pH change that constitutes a first potential biological trigger allowing the system to become active. A second biological trigger signal consists in enzymes produced by bacteria themselves. A complete panel of recent studies will be given focusing on the design of such innovative smart materials that are sensitive to biological triggers.
Controlled Assembly of Liquid Metal Inclusions as a General Approach for Multifunctional Composites
Authors: Ford Michael J. , Patel Dinesh K. , Pan Chengfeng , Bergbreiter Sarah , Majidi Carmel
Published: October 2020

Soft composites that use droplets of gallium‐based liquid metal (LM) as the dispersion phase have the potential for transformative impact in multifunctional material engineering. However, it is unclear whether percolation pathways of LM can support high electrical conductivity in a wide range of matrix materials. This issue is addressed through an approach to LM composite synthesis that focuses on the interrelated effects of matrix curing/solidification and droplet formation. The combined influence of LM concentration, particle size, and sedimentation is explored. By developing this approach, the functionalities that have been demonstrated with LM composites can be generalized to other matrix materials that impart additional functionality. Specifically, composites are synthesized using a biodegradable/reprocessable plastic (polycaprolactone), a hydrogel (poly(vinyl alcohol)), and a processable rubber (a styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene derivative) to demonstrate wide applicability. This method enables synthesis of composites: i) with high stretchability and negligible electromechanical coupling (>600% strain); ii) with Joule‐heated healing and reprocessability; iii) with electrical and mechanical self‐healing; and iv) that can be printed. This approach to controlled assembly represents a widely applicable technique for creating new classes of LM composites with unprecedented multifunctionality.
Bifunctional Therapeutic Peptides for Targeting Malignant B Cells and Hepatocytes: Proof of Concept in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Simon‐Gracia Lorena , Savier Eric , Parizot Christophe , Brossas Jean Yves , Loisel Severine , Teesalu Tambet , Conti Filomena , Charlotte Frederic , Scatton Olivier , Aoudjehane Lynda , Rebollo Angelita
Published: October 2020

Protein–protein interactions are well recognized as therapeutic targets and therefore interfering peptides (IP) that block these interactions are receiving increasing attention. Four different tumor‐penetrating peptides (TPPs) (iRGD, RPARPAR, Linear TT1 (LinTT1), and cyclic TT1 (TT1)) are associated to an IP that blocks the interaction between the protein phosphatase PP2A and its binding protein SET, generating new bifunctional peptides able to intracellularly target the PP2A/SET interaction in malignant B cells and tumoral hepatocytes. The TPPs are able to penetrate into B cells of patients suffering chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and into tumoral hepatocytes but not into B cells from healthy donors and healthy hepatocytes. The association of cargo does not affect the penetration of the TPPs in CLL B cells. All the bifunctional peptides induce apoptosis in human CLL B cells and tumoral hepatocytes, and stability tests reveal that iRGD‐IP, RPARPAR‐IP, and TT1‐IP are stable after 24 h incubation in human serum. The iRGD associated with the IP significantly increases the survival of mice bearing xenograft models of CLL without any symptom of toxicity, suggesting that the bifunctional peptides may have a therapeutic application for selective tumoral targeting of PP2A/SET interaction, which is deregulated in several cancers, including CLL.
One‐Pot Synthesis of pH‐Responsive Eudragit‐Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites Enable Colonic Delivery of Glucocorticoids for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Qu Zhi , Wong Kuan Yau , Moniruzzaman Md. , Begun Jakob , Santos Hélder A , Hasnain Sumaira Z. , Kumeria Tushar , McGuckin Michael A. , Popat Amirali
Published: October 2020

Oral glucocorticoids are backbones for the acute management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the clinical effectiveness of conventional oral dosage forms of glucocorticoids is hindered by their low delivery efficiency and systemic side effects. To overcome this problem, a smart drug delivery system with high loading capacity and colonic release by coating functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with a pH‐responsive polymer Eudragit S100 is proposed. In vitro dissolution tests show that Eudragit‐coated MSNs can limit the burst release of loaded prednisolone and budesonide in the gastric environment with more than 60% of the drugs released only at colonic pH (i.e., pH ≥ 7). In vivo therapeutic efficacy of budesonide‐loaded nanoparticles is tested in a murine model of dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis. An oral budesonide dose of 0.2 mg kg−1 nanoparticles with Eudragit coating improves the disease activity index compared to other groups. Interestingly, both coated and uncoated nanoparticles show pathological improvements demonstrated by similar levels of histological colitis score. However, coated nanoparticles significantly decrease mRNA expression of the cytokines (Il‐1β, Il‐17, and Il‐10) particularly in proximal colon, indicating colonic delivery. Overall, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of a simple method to fabricate targeted nanomedicine for the treatment of IBD.
Is it Time for Reviewer 3 to Request Human Organ Chip Experiments Instead of Animal Validation Studies?
Authors: Ingber Donald E.
Published: October 2020

For the past century, experimental data obtained from animal studies have been required by reviewers of scientific articles and grant applications to validate the physiological relevance of in vitro results. At the same time, pharmaceutical researchers and regulatory agencies recognize that results from preclinical animal models frequently fail to predict drug responses in humans. This Progress Report reviews recent advances in human organ‐on‐a‐chip (Organ Chip) microfluidic culture technology, both with single Organ Chips and fluidically coupled human “Body‐on‐Chips” platforms, which demonstrate their ability to recapitulate human physiology and disease states, as well as human patient responses to clinically relevant drug pharmacokinetic exposures, with higher fidelity than other in vitro models or animal studies. These findings raise the question of whether continuing to require results of animal testing for publication or grant funding still makes scientific or ethical sense, and if more physiologically relevant human Organ Chip models might better serve this purpose. This issue is addressed in this article in context of the history of the field, and advantages and disadvantages of Organ Chip approaches versus animal models are discussed that should be considered by the wider research community.
Metal Halide Perovskites for High‐Energy Radiation Detection
Authors: Kakavelakis George , Gedda Murali , Panagiotopoulos Apostolis , Kymakis Emmanuel , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Petridis Konstantinos
Published: October 2020

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as a frontrunner semiconductor technology for application in third generation photovoltaics while simultaneously making significant strides in other areas of optoelectronics. Photodetectors are one of the latest additions in an expanding list of applications of this fascinating family of materials. The extensive range of possible inorganic and hybrid perovskites coupled with their processing versatility and ability to convert external stimuli into easily measurable optical/electrical signals makes them an auspicious sensing element even for the high‐energy domain of the electromagnetic spectrum. Key to this is the ability of MHPs to accommodate heavy elements while being able to form large, high‐quality crystals and polycrystalline layers, making them one of the most promising emerging X‐ray and γ‐ray detector technologies. Here, the fundamental principles of high‐energy radiation detection are reviewed with emphasis on recent progress in the emerging and fascinating field of metal halide perovskite‐based X‐ray and γ‐ray detectors. The review starts with a discussion of the basic principles of high‐energy radiation detection with focus on key performance metrics followed by a comprehensive summary of the recent progress in the field of perovskite‐based detectors. The article concludes with a discussion of the remaining challenges and future perspectives.
A Virtual Point‐of‐care Ultrasound Course During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Lin Sophia D.
Published: October 2020

Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, in‐person educational activities for emergency medicine (EM) residents were suspended. As a result, we developed a virtual point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) course for incoming EM interns consisting of online didactics and faculty‐proctored hands‐on scan sessions utilizing a video conferencing platform and a handheld smartphone‐compatible ultrasound transducer. Learners found the course to be effective in improving their POCUS knowledge and scanning skills. Feedback obtained from this course will allow us to improve future virtual courses.