bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slums Prevention from A Policy Perspective in Indonesia
Authors: Sukiman Maman , Swasto Deva Fosterharoldas
Published: December 2022

Many studies on aspects of slums area improvement and the causes of slums settlements have been carried out, but studies that focus on aspects of slums prevention are still challenging to find. One reason for the emergence of slums is the Government's failure of policies and their implementation. This article aims to examine the prevention of slums settlements in the policy perspective of Law Number 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Settlements Areas and the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Number 14/PRT/M/2018 concerning Prevention and Quality Improvement of Slums. They are analyzed using a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach. The results of the analysis show that the slums prevention policy has several weaknesses; namely, prevention policy should start from planning not directly to control and supervision, slums prevention settlements is still focused on urban areas, slums prevention is not considered urgent, and there are some biases in the prevention of slums measurement of slums criteria which has the potential to make the policy of preventing slums settlements, not on target. For these reasons, the Government needs to make policies that are more operational in preparing plans of slums prevention; considering aspects of the causes of slums in policymaking; synergizing slum area improvement policies with slum prevention policies; campaigning for the importance of preventing slum in both urban and rural areas; refining slums criteria or indicators; involving stakeholders in the formulation and implementation of slum prevention policies; and increasing community social capital.
Patterns of Corporate Criminalization as Perpetrators of Environmental Crimes in Nickel Mining
Authors: Rifai Anis , Meliala Aurora Jillena
Published: December 2022

This study discusses the main issues: first, what is the pattern of punishment for corporations that commit environmental crimes. Related to laws and regulations, in general, laws related to this issue are administrative law and criminal law. First, administrative law related to the concept of pollution and environmental damage by corporations and administrative sanctions. Second, criminal law related to the environment, including corporate criminal acts in the environmental field as stipulated in the criminal provisions of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. The urgency of criminal responsibility for corporations as perpetrators of environmental crimes is because corporate criminal acts in the environmental sector have widespread and complex negative impacts so that they not only cause direct harm to society and the environment but also disrupt the country's financial and economic stability, given the The environmental crimes are committed with economic motives. The pattern of sentencing against corporations that commit environmental crimes in the PPLH Law should contain provisions related to sentencing patterns based on environmental conservation which include aggravation of criminal fines, regulation of the implementation of criminal fines, and sanctions for remedial action due to criminal acts.
Las emociones de lo risible: la invectiva cómica y la manipulación emocional en la yambografía griega arcaica y en la comedia antigua
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Argentina), Carrizo Sebastián Eduardo
Published: December 2022

In recent decades, research on emotions has gained greater relevance within the field of classical studies. An outstanding and innovative point of this perspective –with regard specifically to the literary sphere– is that the notions of emotion and affect help to conceptualize the frame of reference that governs the reception of a given text. To a certain extent, this implies understanding the emotional dimension that arises and manifests itself in the instance of poetic or dramatic performance as a constitutive element of the literary genre –beyond formal and normative characterizations.This paper aims to examine in archaic Greek iambography (Archilochus of Paros and Hipponax of Ephesus) and in ancient comedy (Aristophanes) the forms of manipulation of emotions in the laughable ἐχθρός construction through ψόγος
Financial Inclusion and Income Inequality: An Evaluation on Cause-and- Effect Relationship
Authors: ABUK DUYGULU Aylin , ÖZYİĞİT Mehmet
Published: December 2022

This study discusses the financial inclusion mechanisms that function under a capitalist production. Financial inclusion is a field which is given importance due to being a central element of the new conception of development and a way to overcome recession in the capitalist system. In the new development conception, the removal of barriers to access to finance, that is, financial inclusion has become important to reduce inequality. Being a form of financialization, financial inclusion has also become widespread in many countries in recent years as a way of overcome recession that emerges in the functioning of capitalism by supporting demands. The objective of this study is to investigate the causes of financial inclusion and its interactions with inequalities using descriptive analysis. The study argues that inequality-based functioning of the capitalist system triggers income inequalities, it needs mechanisms like financial inclusion to eliminate these inequalities (to the extent that it complicates the functioning of the system), and financial inclusion increases inequalities instead of reducing them.
Metaverse Dünyasında Muhasebe Denetiminin Geleceğine Yönelik Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: GÜNGÖR KARYAĞDI Nazan
Published: December 2022

Son yıllarda yaşanan pandemi bir araya gelmekten kaçınan insanları sosyal ya da ekonomik bütün faaliyetlerini topluma karışmadan çözme arayışına sevk etmiştir. Bu durum sanal ortamların varlığını ortaya çıkarmış ve bireyleri bu ortamlara yönlendirmiştir. Böylelikle sanal düğün törenleri, sanal ibadethaneler, sanal partiler, sanal müzeler, sanal toplantılar gibi modeller oluşmaya başlamıştır. Dijital ikizler olarak adlandırılan bu modeller hem ürün hem süreç hem de hizmetler bazında giderek yaygınlık kazanmıştır. Sanal gerçeklik ve arttırılmış Sanal gerçeklik cihazlarına ilişkin buluşlar teknolojik gelişmelerin hızla ilerlemesine paralel olarak gelişmiş ve dünya genelinde yayılmaya başlamıştır. Gerçeklik ve artırılmış gerçeklik kapsamında önem kazanan Metaverse kavramı bu yayılma ile ortaya çıkmış ve gelişimi birçok alanda hissedilmeye başlanmıştır. Metaverse Sanal gerçeklik ve arttırılmış gerçeklik cihazlarıyla sanal ekonomik faaliyetler ve işleyişler üzerinde iç denetim sürecinin gerçekleştirilmesine olanak sağladığı için bu yönüyle denetim üzerinde iki önemli etkiye sahip olmaktadır. Bu etkilerden ilki denetim yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi ve güncellenmesi gerekliliğini ortaya çıkarması; ikincisi ise Metaverse teknolojisinin kendini inceleme ve onaylama konusunda denetimde ek görevleri yerine getirmesidir. Bu kapsamda çalışmadaki temel amaç, Metaverse’nin muhasebe denetim sürecine, denetimin planlanmasına ve kanıtların toplanmasına potansiyel etkilerini göz önünde bulundurarak denetime nasıl yansıdığını ve denetimin geleceğine ilişkin durumu ortaya koymaktır. Bu çerçevede konuya ilişkin literatür taraması yapılarak kavramsal açıdan değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.
Testing the Armey Curve Hypothesis in Turkey: Evidence from the Provincial Data
Authors: ŞANLI Devran
Published: December 2022

This study aims to empirically test the Armey Curve hypothesis (optimal government size) for Turkey with panel data consisting of 81 provinces and 17 years. In this context, a quadratic model has been established in which economic growth is the dependent variable, and public expenditures are the independent variable. AMG estimates obtain the optimal size of public expenditures. The results indicate that the optimal level of public expenditures is 25.2%. Moreover, province-specific findings provide that the Armey curve is valid in 16 provinces, and the critical point of the curve takes values ranging from 12%(Istanbul) to 46%(Elazig). Considering the average volume of public expenditures is 31.6% throughout the panel, it is concluded that the expenditures exceed the optimal level. These results show that public expenditures are in the region of diminishing returns. Therefore, in order to maximize the growth rate, public expenditures should be reduced to an optimal level.
Investigating Young Korean EFL Learners' Perception of Group Work in Learning English
Authors:   The Korea Association Of Primary English Education, Kim Elizabeth Gyuree , Chin SuKyung
Published: December 2022

The present study examines young Korean EFL learners' perspective of group work to discover more effective approaches in designing groups. Twenty-four Korean EFL elementary grade 5 students participated in this study. Students’ perceptions of group work were surveyed before and after they participated in a reading discussion program over a 4-month period. The result of the questionnaire showed students with Grade Level proficiency responded mostly positively to group work, felt more confident using English, and enjoyed engaging in group work. The students who were Below or Above Grade Level provided less positive responses after the 4-month period, especially the students with Below Grade Level proficiency. The result also showed that regardless of the students’ proficiency levels, factors such as assigning individual roles in groups, training and reminding the purpose of group work, and designing appropriate tasks affected the group dynamics, which ultimately influenced how the students perceived group work.
Support for management decision-making based on express fire modeling technologies based on a field model
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Yagodka Evgeniy Alekseevich , Zhabin Aleksey Aleksandrovih ,   EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2022

Introduction. In order to improve the well-being of citizens and economic growth of the state in the Russian Federation reform of control and Supervisory activity, which is based on the introduction of a risk-based approach when planning inspections, developing and applying safety requirements, including fire safety. To implement a risk-based approach, it is necessary to take into account the degree of risk of harm to legally protected values, which requires an assessment of fire risks based on deterministic methods (techniques). However, the complexity of these methods does not allow them to be applied in an operational mode without special software and highly qualified specialists, which makes it difficult to implement a risk-based approach and may lead to making unjustified management decisions. Goals and objectives. To support management decision-making when implementing a risk-based approach, it is necessary to develop an information equivalent of basic (full, detailed) versions of fire risk assessment methods that meet the conditions of brevity, simplicity and accessibility to a wide range of specialists, while ensuring high accuracy of calculation results. Method of research. To obtain the results, we used general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge – system, regression, retrospective and comparative analysis, synthesis, generalization, graph theory, and numerical experiment. Research result. Rapid fire risk assessment formulas have been developed that allow determining the required evacuation time when the critical values of three fire hazards are reached: loss of visibility, elevated temperature and HCl, when two types of solid fire loadings are burning in rooms with an area of 1000 to 10000 m2 and a height of 10 to 20 m. Express formulas are developed on the basis of a field mathematical model of fire, the relative error of calculations based on Express formulas is no more than 8 %. Conclusion. The use of Express formulas as a support for management decision-making will allow officials of GPN bodies in the shortest possible time (up to 5 minutes) and with high reliability (accuracy) make informed decisions about the presence (absence) of violations of mandatory fire safety requirements that pose a threat to the life and health of people, and the need to apply administrative measures, which will exclude cases of insufficient measures taken by the audited persons to ensure the safety of citizens, as well as unjustified restrictions on the right to risk their own property. Keywords: rapid assessment, fire risk, risk-based model, fire hazards, state fire supervision.
Information resources for planning video monitoring of actions to extinguish a technogenic fire
Authors:   Ivanovo Fire and Rescue Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Aparin Alexander Alexandrovich , Tarakanov Denis Viacheslavovich ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The article is devoted to the formation of the most general approach to the classification of video monitoring systems and tools applicable for operational monitoring of technogenic fire and firefighting process. The tasks of the research are to analyze domestic and foreign experience in the application of technical solutions and commercial proposals, potentially applicable as sources of video information from the site of a technogenic fire. On the basis of earlier author's research, systematize the analyzed material and create a relational data model. Formalize information resources in the form of a database. Methods. The method of classification and ordering of the studied objects – taxonomy is applied. By synthesizing the components obtained as a result of analytical work and establishing connections between them, it became possible to create a relational data model. Results and discussion. A relational data model has been developed based on the taxonomic structures of video surveillance systems and tools applicable for monitoring the occurrence, development and extinguishing of a technogenic fire. The information resources that fill the objects of the relational data model are formalized in the form of a database. For the first time, it is proposed to use the generalizing concept of "video monitoring systems and tools" to characterize video information sources that transmit video data to the operator from the place of occurrence, development and extinguishing of a technogenic fire. Conclusions. Systematized information resources with a clear structure can be used as methodological material for conducting training sessions in the training of specialists of structural units of fire and rescue garrisons working with video monitoring systems. The developed taxonomic structures can be assessed as a contribution to the development of the theoretical foundations of the use of systems and means of video monitoring of technogenic fires. Keywords: video monitoring, technogenic fires, information resources, video monitoring planning.
Mathematical digital model for evaluating the effectiveness of information metabolism of officials of the warning system in an emergency
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Berezhnoy Denis Anatolyevich , Butuzov Stanislav Yurievich ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Nikolaenko Elizaveta Vladimirovna ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The paper considers the author's methods for calculating the assessment of the effectiveness of information metabolism, in order to increase the efficiency of human resources in the Crisis Management Center. In general, the widespread use of methods for determining the types of information metabolism makes it possible to use them as a management technology of the personnel policy of the EMERCOM of Russia. It is advisable to apply the study of socionic personality types already at the stage of professional formation of employees, that is, in the process of their training in educational organizations of the EMERCOM of Russia. The inclusion of this variable in the model will ensure the optimization of the educational process, the basis of which are the mechanisms for the formation of a functional, informational and purposeful structure of the team. Objective of the study: to increase the effectiveness of the system of warning and informing the population about the threat of occurrence and occurrence of an emergency situation by studying and assessing the effect of the type of information metabolism on the efficiency of the decision-maker. Methods. To calculate the efficiency of the information metabolism of the decision-maker when notifying the population about the threat of an emergency, the method of regression analysis was used. The article proposes criteria that affect the information metabolism of the decision-maker. The weight values of the criteria are determined by the method of hierarchy analysis. Indicators of the criteria are proposed to be determined by conducting psychophysiological testing, which will allow to analyze and calculate the level of perception, processing and assimilation of information, as well as to identify the psychotype of the personality. Results and discussion. The criteria for assessing information metabolism, affecting the efficiency of human resources, are revealed. A mathematical digital model for assessing the efficiency of information metabolism of a person making a decision when notifying the population about the threat of occurrence and occurrence of emergencies based on regression analysis is presented. Conclusion. This technique allows you to assess the level of information metabolism in candidates for a position whose duties include notifying the population about the threat of occurrence and occurrence of emergencies. Based on the calculations, it is possible to take measures to improve the efficiency of the personnel potential in the Crisis Management Center. Keywords: information metabolism, personnel selection, warning system, psychotype of personality.
Organization of the activities of the fire and rescue services of England
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Fogilev Ivan Sergeevich , Malinovskaya Vera Nikolaevna ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Fogileva Ekaterina Aleksandrovna ,   Training Center of Autonomous Non-Profit Organization "NACATESTAT-AGENSTVO", Mironenko Roman Vladimirovich ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The International Association of Fire and Rescue Services (hereinafter referred to as CTIF) was founded in August 1900 on the initiative of Count Pavel Kamarovsky, a representative of the Imperial Russian Fire Society. He was elected as the first President of CTIF. 120 years have passed since then, during this period the Association interrupted its activities only during the Second World War. CTIF successfully works, realizing its tasks of developing international cooperation and exchange of experience in various aspects of fire and rescue services, strengthens professional and friendly ties between firefighters and rescuers from different countries of the World on the basis of equal cooperation. Today the Russian National Committee of the International Association of Fire and Rescue Services is studying the activities of the fire and rescue services of the member countries of CTIF to prepare proposals for improving the activities of the fire and rescue services of Russia based on international experience. The article discusses the legal framework, management and financing mechanisms, organizational structure and conditions of service of the fire and rescue services in England. The purpose of the study is to learn international experience, organization and activities of the fire and rescue services in England. Research methods. To obtain the results, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge – analysis, generalization, economic analysis, analysis of empirical data, which were based on the general provisions of the theory of analysis and system analysis. Research results. A multifactorial analysis of the activities of the fire and rescue services in England is carried out, taking into account their development in the coming years. Conclusion. The data obtained will make it possible to create a data bank on the activities of the fire and rescue services of the world, as well as to prepare scientifically grounded proposals for the development of fire and rescue services in Russia. Keywords: analysis, statistics, fire, fire and rescue divisions, International Association.
Stochastic modeling of cascade scenarios for the occurrence and development of emergency situations
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Prus Mikhail Yuryevich
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The development of methods for modeling the flows of events in the occurrence and development of emergency and critical states, designed to solve the problems of supporting the management of rapid response to incidents in conditions of incomplete information, as well as the generation of preventive algorithms for rapid response in emergency situations, seems to be a promising direction for improving information and analytical support of management in security systems. The purpose of the research is to create mathematical tools for predicting emergency and critical conditions in local incidents based on discrete-event modeling of the dynamics of emergency situations. Methods of stochastic modeling are based on the representation of a cascade scenario of the dynamics of the development of accidents and catastrophes by a Markov process using a three-parameter Weibull distribution to set the intensities of transitions between emergency and critical states of adjacent levels. Results and discussion. A general stochastic model is constructed that describes the dynamics of the occurrence and development of accidents and catastrophes of technogenic and natural origin initiated by local incidents according to a cascade scenario with a branching structure with a set of possible elementary states represented in the form of a stratified graph. The main stages of the emergence and development of emergency situations are considered within the framework of the proposed representation of the cascade model by a Markov process with discrete states and continuous time. The expediency of local modeling of individual stages is substantiated based on the description of transitions between states of adjacent levels. Local systems of differential equations corresponding to some of the most probable scenarios for the development of events in the event of incidents are given. Non-stationary solutions of differential equations of Kolmogorov-Chapman are obtained, with assignment of intensities of transitions by three-parameter Weibull distributions. Conclusions. The proposed stochastic model makes it possible to predict the dynamics of the development of emergency and critical states according to a cascade scenario, and also reflects the probability characteristics of the timeliness and effectiveness of possible impacts in a prompt response to incidents. Keywords: stochastic modeling of technogenic accidents, cascade development of accidents and catastrophes, Weibull distribution.
Emergency pumping of oil from a tank with a floating roof in case of a fire in an adjacent tank at oil storage facilities in Vietnam
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Le Viet Hai
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The article presents the results of an experimental study to optimize the pumping of oil from a floating roof tank (hereinafter – RVSPK) located next to a burning oil tank. Purpose and objectives. The goal is to experimentally determine the optimal parameters of oil pumping systems from full-scale RVSPK located next to the burning one. Tasks: to study typical fires in the RVSPK; conduct full-scale experiments, optimize the parameters of pumping systems for emergency pumping of oil from the RVSPK located next to the burning reservoir. Methods. Analysis. Full-scale experiment. Results and discussion. As a result of field experiments on the study of the processes of pumping oil from an existing oil reservoir with a capacity of 14000 m3 during normal operation and in an emergency situation under fire conditions, experimental data were obtained on increasing the performance of pumps with constant operation of agitators and oil washout systems at an operating oil temperature of +50 С. Based on the results of the experiment, proposals were developed for optimizing the emergency operation of pumping systems, agitators and systems for washing out bottom sediments when pumping oil from a neighboring burning RVSPK, located on the territory of the Nghi Son oil refinery in Vietnam. Conclusions. The optimal parameters of pumping systems for emergency pumping of oil by process pumps from a non-burning RVSPK-14000 located next to a burning one are proposed. It is proposed to carry out pumping out with all pumps operating in the maximum mode, in combination with mixing oil in it with agitators and the operation of the system for washing out bottom sediments, which makes it possible to reduce the time of pumping oil by 2-3 times. Keywords: fire, oil, reservoir, spreading, pump, mixing.
The effectiveness of the combination of flame-retardant intumesce coatings for steel constructions
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Melder Egor Vladimirovich , Sivenkov Andrey Borisovich ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Steel constructions are one of the most widely used and rational types of constructions for buildings and structures of various functional purposes. As advantages in comparison with constructions made of other materials, their high load-bearing capacity, industriality, ease of installation are noted. One of the disadvantages is low fire resistance. A common way to increase the fire resistance of metal structures is considered to be the use of fire protection products, the experience of which has been developed for many decades. However, as practice and the results of fire tests show, it is quite difficult to obtain a stable and reliable result using such fire-retardant systems. Goals and objectives. Analysis of work on the creation of effective flame retardant technologies. Development of formulations of thin-layer bulging coatings, taking into account their use as protective layers of combined flame retardant systems. Evaluation of the characteristics of the resulting foam layers of the developed coatings. Conducting a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of combined technologies of intumescent fire protection. Methods. The research was based on experiments conducted in a firing furnace, with the possibility of isothermal or dynamic radiation heating of the surface of a steel sample up to 1000 °С. The installation makes it possible to study the properties and structure of the expanded layer of flame-retardant coatings and their thermal insulation ability under unilateral thermal exposure. Thermoelectric converters were used to measure the temperature on the unheated surface of the sample. Results and discussion. The conducted analysis of the works testifies to numerous studies in this direction. The development of intumescent systems is of great interest. In the course of the research, the authors have developed various formulations of thin-layer flame retardant coatings, as well as their combinations based on innovative chemical technologies for steel constructions, taking into account the availability and manufacturability of the raw materials used. The results of studies on the evaluation of the thermal insulation ability of the developed foam systems have shown that the fire-retardant effect due to the combination of various swelling coatings can be increased by 30 % or more. Conclusion. A new scientific direction has been formed related to the creation of combinations of bulging flame-retardant coatings for various construction structures. The establishment of various options for the combination of the use of fire-resistant coatings opens up wide opportunities for the creation of effective protection of various building materials and structures from the effects of fire. Keywords: combined fire protection, intumescent coatings, swelling, foam, thermal insulation ability, steel constructions.
Fire hazard of power plants of gas compressor stations
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Khalikov Rinat Valerevich , Roenko Vladimir Vasilievich ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The article analyzes the composition of power plants of gas compressor stations. A structural and logical model of the development of fires at power plants of gas compressor stations is compiled based on the analysis of real fires. The most dangerous scenario of fire development has been determined. On the basis of the branched-chain combustion theory, the necessary characteristics of the fire extinguishing composition are established and a technical scheme for implementing the fire extinguishing method is proposed. The purpose of the study is to creation of conditions for effective fire extinguishing of power installations of gas compressor stations. Research methods. To get the results used general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge-analysis, synthesis, the theory of the branched-chain combustion process, the theory of thermal combustion. The results of the study. The most dangerous scenario of fire development of power installations of gas compressor stations is established. The effective characteristics of the extinguishing agent for fire extinguishing are determined on the basis of the branched-chain combustion theory. The technical implementation of this method of fire extinguishing is proposed. Conclusion. The compiled structural and logical model of the development of fires at power plants of gas compressor stations can be used by fire and rescue units when conducting operational and tactical measures. The technical implementation of the proposed method of fire extinguishing will increase the efficiency of volumetric fire extinguishing both at power plants of gas compressor stations and when extinguishing fires of thermodynamically stable liquids. Keywords: energy facilities, branched-chain process, gas compressor stations, closed spaces, volumetric fire fighting, chemical inhibition. Acknowledgments: the research is supported by the Innovation Assistance Fund under the agreement no. 15204GU / 2020 dated 05.06.2020.
A model for information support of fire brigades management when extinguishing fires in buildings
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Mikhailov Kirill Andreevich
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Fire brigades carry out actions to extinguish fires in buildings in conditions of insufficient visibility. To increase the probability of extinguishing a fire by the first arriving unit, it is necessary to improve their information support. For information support for fire brigades control, it is suggested to use shortwave infrared range monitoring tools. The results of assessing the degree of influence of factors (smoke conditions and the availability of short-wave infrared range means) on the information support of fire brigades when extinguishing fires in buildings are presented. Goals and objectives. The aim of the study is to improve the information support of fire brigades based on the use of short-wave infrared monitoring tools when extinguishing fires in buildings. The objectives of the study are to build a factor model, determine the level of significance of factors – conditions for information support of fire departments and smoke conditions during a fire in a building, and analyze the results obtained. Methods. When conducting the research on constructing a factor model and determining the degree of influence of factors on the information support of fire brigades when extinguishing fires in buildings, scientific methods were used: analysis, synthesis, factor experiment, statistical processing of experimental data. Results and discussion. The results of the evaluation of the influence of factors on the information support of fire brigades showed that both factors – the degree of smoke and the availability of short-wave infrared monitoring tools are significant. In turn, improved information support conditions increase the likelihood of conducting a fire reconnaissance in the building. The results of the study can be used in the educational process when training personnel of fire brigades to practice professional skills. Conclusions. A factor model was built, which made it possible to determine the degree of influence of factors on the information support of fire departments when extinguishing fires in a building. It was found that the factors – smoke conditions and the availability of short-wave infrared monitoring tools are significant for information support of fire department management when extinguishing fires in a building. Keywords: visibility, smoke degree, short-wave infrared range, the source of fire.
Model and algorithms of the problem of situation identification in firefighting actions
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Denisov Alexei Nikolaevitch , Nguyen Thee Tai ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2022

Introduction. With the purpose of identification of initial information for setting tasks for fire-fighting subdivisions on place of fire, the model of general class of tasks solved by fire-fighting subdivisions (fire protection) at organization of planning of conducting combat operations is formalized, algorithms of identification of attributes of situation developing on the fire are resulted. The model and algorithms, as boundary conditions, contain the requirements of the current Combat Regulations. Identification of signs of the situation developing in a fire, depending on the preferences of the fire extinguishing manager, is based on the classical solution of the tasks set that have developed in the course of the development of the socio-historical development of society and are formalized in regulatory and administrative documents, and / or theoretical provisions. Purpose of research. It consists in development of mathematical toolkit (model and algorithms) of management decision-making support at planning of conducting combat operations on the objects of economy, social infrastructure and adjoining territory, based on mathematical logic with the purpose of application of mathematical methods. Methods. The methods of algebra of logic were used. Results and discussion. The genesis of the management problem was formalized. A toolkit (a model and algorithms) for modeling and identification of features of the situation developing in a fire, to which the head of fire extinguishing has to react adequately, has been offered – to set tasks to the personnel on fighting positions. The choice of normatively-administrative documents, results of scientific researches and experience of the head of fire extinguishing allows generating different algorithms for solving the posed problem, differing only by key steps (conditions) and the order of checking the properties of the signs, in the quality of the properties of the sign identifying the development of the task on fire. Three aspects are described for modeling and identifying a fire situation. Conclusions. The modeling and identification of attributes of the situation developing on the fire allows revealing the critical defects of information-analytical support of the fire extinguishing activity of participants on the initial stage of analysis. Keywords: logic algebra, algorithm, combat operations, task, modeling, model, planning, fire, fire extinguishing manager, control.
Model and methodology for assessing the degree of complexity of buildings for organizing the actions of fire departments
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Stepanov Egor Vladimirovich , Chan Min Khoang Kha ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Butuzov Stanislav Yurievich ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Terebnev Vladimir Vasilievich ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Tarakanov Denis Viacheslavovich ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Extinguishing fires in buildings causes the need for firefighters to carry out actions in conditions of limited visibility and unsuitable for breathing environment. To ensure fire safety of buildings of increased complexity and basements of complex layout, it is necessary to equip fire protection units with breathing apparatus with extended protective action time. The decision on equipment is made by the head of the territorial body of EMERCOM of Russia. However, at the moment there are no methods and criteria for assessing the degree of complexity of buildings in terms of the actions of fire departments. Accordingly, the person making the decision on equipment is based only on experience in extinguishing similar fires. Goals and objectives. The aim of the study is to develop a model for assessing the degree of complexity of buildings to support decision-making in extinguishing fires. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to develop a model and methodology for assessing the degree of complexity of buildings for firefighters in an inhospitable environment. Methods. In the course of this study, a graph model was used to formalize the description of the degree of complexity of the building. The complexity assessment was carried out according to four parameters relative to the average value obtained for all the studied objects. Simulation modeling was used to assess the reliability of the research results. Results and its discussion. A model and methodology for determining the spatial degree of complexity of the task for the actions of fire departments have been developed, which allow determining the relative complexity index. The comparison of the results of the assessment of the degree of complexity of buildings with the time of the survey by gas and smoke protectors obtained as a result of the simulation modeling was carried out. Conclusions. The application of the results of the study will allow the decision-maker to determine the degree of complexity of buildings, which is necessary when choosing breathing apparatus with an extended protective action time and when predicting the likelihood of large (from the point of view of extinguishing tactics) fires. Keywords: degree of complexity of the building, fire protection units, large fires, graph model, assessment methodology.
Study of regional characteristics of the parameters of large fires
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Fire Protection of EMERCOM of Russia, Vlasov Konstantin Sergeevich , Poroshin Aleksandr Alekseevich ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Fire Protection of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The description of the scientific and methodological approach to determining the parameters of large fires, taking into account the characteristics of the operational activities of fire and rescue garrisons in the subjects of the Russian Federation, is given. Using Big Data technologies, data arrays were investigated and a method for classifying fires into categories "ordinary" and "large" was proposed, taking into account the parameters describing fire extinguishing actions. The following indicators are considered: the time interval of employment of fire departments in a fire; the number of mobile fire-rescue equipment involved in a fire; the number of devices for supplying fire extinguishing agents used in a fire, etc. The method makes it possible to determine the parameters of large fires, taking into account the peculiarities of the subjects of the Russian Federation, which makes it possible to develop management solutions for building up forces and means to extinguish large fires. Purpose and objectives. The purpose of the study is to develop a method for assessing the parameters of large fires, taking into account the characteristics of the operational activities of fire and rescue units. The objective of the study is to determine the parameters of large fires, taking into account the peculiarities of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Methods. The research uses methods of mathematical statistics and Big Data technologies. The initial information for the calculations used statistical data on fires and operational activities of fire and rescue units for the period from 2010 to 2021. Results and discussion. Taking into account the individual characteristics of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the parameters of large fires are determined. The obtained parameters make it possible to determine the conditions for the use of forces and means of fire and rescue units in a particular subject of the Russian Federation. Conclusions. The developed method makes it possible to determine the possible scale of the development of large fires on the territory of the subject of the Russian Federation. That, accordingly, will determine the necessary composition of the forces and means of the fire and rescue garrison to ensure the possibility of concentrating fire protection resources necessary for the successful elimination of a major fire. Keywords: large fire, operational activity, busy time, mobile fire-rescue equipment, fire extinguishing devices, histogram, Python programming language, frame, hyperbole.
Model of connectivity indicator of user interfaces of automated workplaces of emergency services
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Sokolov Sergey Viktorovich , Morozov Aleksey Nikolaevich ,   Scientific Research Center "Security" of Russian Guard
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The article presents a model and analytical expressions for calculating one of the possible indicators of the quality of user interfaces (UI) of automated workstations of operational units of emergency rescue services (OU ERS), namely the connectivity indicator. The quantitative value of the indicator allows us to assess the measure of compliance of the visual design of the UI with the psychophysiological features of human perception of information. Goals and objectives. Reducing the dispatching time of OU ERS by improving the quality of the UI. Defining user characteristics. Development of a mathematical model and algorithm for calculating the connectivity index of the UI elements, which allows establishing a quantitative dependence of the dispatching time of the OU ERS on the visual design of the UI. Methods. Methods of set theory, graph theory and relational algebra were used to build the UI model and the algorithm for calculating the connectivity index. Results and discussion. The success of the actions of OU ERS largely depends on the dispatch time, during which the required number of units is determined and sent. This time depends on the quality of the ARM and is largely determined by its user interface. However, the time indicator gives an idea only about the relative time – the time spent by one ARM relative to another. And it does not give any idea of the optimal time that would be spent on solving the task of an ARM with an optimal visual UI design. However, the methods of quantifying the dependence of the dispatch time of the OU ERS on the visual design of the UI are currently insufficiently developed. The proposed connectivity indicator is sensitive to the UI configuration. This allows you to identify and evaluate one of the reasons affecting the quality of the UI, and can be used when designing and/ or choosing the layout of the user interface. Conclusions. Based on the proposed model, an algorithm has been developed for calculating the numerical values of the connectivity index of UI elements sensitive to their relative location, size and design on the monitor of the dispatcher of the ARM OU ERS. This makes it possible to optimize the user interface according to the criterion of time for solving tasks and, accordingly, reduce the dispatching time. Keywords: operational units, user interface, quality, connectivity indicator, sets, navigation on sets.
Multifactory mathematical model of the dependence of the expected reduction of integrated damage from a number of preventive measures in the residential sector of Russia
Authors:   Department of Supervisory Activities and Preventive Work, Zobkov Denis Valerievich , Prisyazhnyuk Nikolay Leonidovich ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Tanygina Anna Alekseevna ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The article analyzes the statistical data of a number of preventive measures in the residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the period 2020-2021, and based on these data, a multifactorial mathematical model is developed for assessing the dependence of the expected reduction in integral damage on a number of preventive measures. Significant and less significant factors of preventive measures that affect the number of deaths, injuries and damage from fire in residential sectors are identified. The optimal predictive value for the model was obtained and the zones of acceptable and unacceptable marginality were determined. Based on the calculations, an assessment of the levels of fire danger in the residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is presented, which were determined on the basis of an integral socio-economic indicator of fire risk. Targets and goals. The purpose of the study is to determine the significant and less significant factors of preventive measures in the residential sectors and to determine the optimal predictive value. Methods. To solve the research problems, the methods of system analysis, multiple regression, statistical analysis, mathematical statistics, etc. were used. Results and discussion. An analysis has been carried out and a multifactorial mathematical model of multiple regression of the dependence of the expected reduction in integral damage has been developed. By calculation, based on the analysis of the integral socio-economic indicator of fire risk, the regions of the Russian Federation with the most fire hazardous level of the residential sector were identified. Conclusion. A number of significant and less significant factors of preventive measures obtained in the work in the residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation make it possible to improve management decisions in the field of preventive work and reduce the level of fire danger in the residential sector of the constituent entities of Russia. The model forecast showed that with an increase in significant factors = 60 %, = 80,4 %, = 86,4 %, = 91,2 %, the number of people killed in fires in the residential sector in 35 subjects decreases by 8, 95 people, with confidence limits. Keywords: residential sector, multiple regression, mathematical model, significant factors, fire danger level, fire risk, preventive measures, integral damage.