bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discriminatory ability of milestones: An analysis of milestone variability by obstetrics and gynecology subspecialty
Authors: Hinchcliff Emily , James Kaitlyn , Dzara Kristina , Berkowitz Lori R.
Published: May 2021

Background: Little evidence exists regarding Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) milestone discriminatory ability. This short report describes variability in milestone scores by category to determine their utility in discerning high and low performers in a single Obstetrics and Gynecology residency. Methods: A Clinical Competency Committee (CCC) design was implemented with four subcommittees, each responsible for a predetermined milestones subset: Obstetrics, Gynecology, Ambulatory Practice, and Professional Activities. Milestone scores for 44 residents per year over four biannual evaluation cycles (2014-2016) were evaluated, for a total of 176 independent evaluations. Results: Findings indicate that discriminatory ability, assessed by variability between resident scores, differed by subcommittee. Subcommittees that were primarily tasked with evaluating clinical- and procedural-based milestones demonstrated lower discriminatory ability among trainees. Conclusion: Greater Professional Activity milestone variability indicates better differentiation; future research should determine correlation of these findings with other professionalism performance metrics and novel intervention strategies.
An investigation of the adult education method in Imam Sadiq’s (AS) School: a content analysis of hadith of Unwan al-Basri
Authors: Sajedi Akbar , Erfani Rad Mir Mohsen
Published: May 2021

Background: Education plays an essential role in all aspects of life. It is particularly important in religious affairs. History shows that religious leaders utilized different methods to teach. In Islam, the Holy Prophet and the infallible Imams, especially Imam Baqir (AS) and Imam Sadiq (As), considered spiritual guidance as part of education and always accentuated and attempted to teach practically through their behavior and speech. Islamic teachings have to a large extent reported religious leaders teaching methods. One of the hadiths that focuses on adult education is Hadith of Unwan al-Basri. In this hadith, Unwan al-Basri, aged 94, reports Imam Sadiq’s (As) teaching method. The current study aimed to investigate the adult education method in Imam Sadiq (A.S) School. Methods: The Hadith of Unwan al-Basri was investigated through thematic analysis. The basic concepts were first obtained using the data coding process. The basic concepts were then reduced and categorized into sub-themes and themes. Results: The findings showed that the analysis resulted in seventy basic concepts which were reduced into nineteen sub-themes categorized into four themes: characteristics of the teacher, characteristics of the learner, characteristics of the educational environment, and the educational content. Conclusion: One of the most important elements in Imam Sadiq’s (AS) teaching method was his emphasis on teaching both practically and theoretically.
Mudanças Tecnológicas Na Ferrária: Uma Aproximação De Artesão A Empreendedor Na Colômbia
Authors:   Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Villota Enríquez Maribel Deicy
Published: May 2021

Este artigo faz parte da reflexão do projeto de pesquisa titulado “Tecnología de la metalurgia y la orfebrería: Una aproximación antropológica a la tradición y transformación de los oficios artesanales de los herreros y joyeros en Popayán, Cauca – Colombia”, Colciencias – Universidad del Cauca 2014 – 2015. Os oficios de ferraria e ourivesaria têm sido na Popayán, ofícios ligados ao imaginário de uma cidade colonial, representada no ferro das janelas, portas e centos de ornamentos antigos, ao igual que nas coroas, prataria e adornos religiosos, em ouro, prata, cobre ou ligas. O objetivo desta reflexão é caracterizar e descrever com base nas transformações sociais dos artesãos na cidade através do uso de novas tecnologias, como os artesãos têm empezado a visibilizar seus produtos no entorno comercial, incorporando a função de empreendedor, na visibilidade de seu trabalho, mantendo assim o oficio ao interior de Popayán em meio de novas dinâmicas sociais, politicas, econômicas e culturais.
El Papel De Las Tecnologías En Los Acuerdos De Paz En Colombia
Authors:   Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Bámaca López Efraín
Published: May 2021

En la construcción de la paz, las tecnologías juegan un papel esencial. Esto queda demostrado en algunos puntos del “Acuerdo final para la terminación del conflicto y la construcción de una paz estable y duradera”, de Colombia.
Where’s the fake news at? European news consumers’ perceptions of misinformation across information sources and topics
Authors: Hameleers Michael , Brosius Anna , de Vreese Claes H.
Published: May 2021

This study indicates that news users across ten different European countries are quite concerned about misinformation in their information environment. Respondents are most likely to associate politicians, corporations, and foreign actors with misinformation. They perceive misinformation to be most common for topics like immigration, the economy, and the environment. This offers sup-port for the increasingly more relative and politicized status of facts in people’s credibility percep-tions. Yet, differences across sources and issues are relatively modest, indicating that misinfor-mation can be associated with many different information sources and topics.
CONCEPT APPROACH FOR MEASURING SOLIDARITY ECONOMY IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: GONCHARENKO Oleksii , HRYNEVYCH Oksana , PEREIRA Orlando Petiz , KETUAMA Chama Theodore
Published: May 2021

Purpose – this work aims to modernize and supplement the methodological approach developed to measure the solidarity economy as a socio-economic phenomenon to determine the reserves and potential for transformation of solidarity at the level of national economies.

Research methodology – the presented research has a conceptual character. For the formation of the algorithm for evaluation used the method of logical generalization and systematic analysis, for search and analysis of descriptive data – thematic analysis of literature sources, for the formation and selection of indicators of solidarity economy of the agricultural sector – content analysis of data characterizing the development of cooperatives in agriculture and their environment functioning, using of secondary data allowed to synthesize existing knowledge, to analyze the current state of solidarity of the agricultural sector. Scientific articles of the Scopus database, publications of web portals of the solidarity economy (SE), and information from the Eurostat methodology were used as sources.

Findings – the research contributes to increasing the visibility of the positive effects of the SE in the agricultural sector to improve its social and political recognition.

Research limitations – the research is limited by the chosen methodological approach that makes it unable to conduct an expansion and development of a system of qualitative indicators of estimation of solidarity economy with a specific focus on agriculture(SEAGro), which can be used for the development of the classification of indicators of SERagro, research of influence of solidarity of farmers on sustainable development of a regions.

Practical implications – measuring the scale and impact of SE in the agro sector will help to establish the socio-, eco-logical, and economic effects for Sustainable Development in general and contribute to further institutional and policy transformations.

Originality/Value – not only quantitative and qualitative indicators of SE as a socio-economic phenomenon were stud-ied in order to determine the reserves and potential of solidarity transformations, but also developed a scientific and methodological approach to assessing the solidarity of the agricultural.
La Cité de Dieu comme apologie
Authors: Marion Jean-Luc
Published: May 2021

La Cité de Dieu pose une difficulté interprétative particulière : à première lecture, les thèmes de la théologie (et de la philosophie) des autres œuvres de saint Augustin n’y apparaissent que très peu ou pas du tout, tandis que sont développées des questions tout autres, parfois surprenantes (les démons, la mythologie latine, l’histoire romaine, etc. – et même le refus de la théologie). Or la comparaison de cet agenda avec les Apologies tant latines que grecques des siècles antérieurs (de Justin à Tertullien) suggère qu’en fait saint Augustin reprend, hors de son propre champ de recherches, et en grand style, le genre, les objets, les arguments et les buts de l’apologie contre les païens.
Des deux cités aux deux régimes. Augustinisme et philosophie politique moderne
Authors: Tardivel Émilie
Published: May 2021

Cet article s’inscrit dans une réflexion sur le tournant que représente la philosophie politique moderne. Il a pour but de déconstruire la manière dont Michel Villey expose ce tournant : dans des cours professés entre 1961 et 1966 à la Faculté de droit de Paris, ce dernier extrapole, à la pensée juridique moderne, le mythe de l’« augustinisme politique », qui avait été forgé par Henri-Xavier Arquillière pour caractériser la source principale des doctrines théocratiques médiévales. Cette déconstruction montre que la philosophie politique moderne provient certes d’un motif central de la Cité de Dieu , mais ce motif subit une double interprétation qui en modifie la signification : Luther accomplit le passage du motif spirituel des deux cités au problème théologico-politique des deux régimes, tandis que Hobbes fait entrer ce problème en philosophie sur la base des principes de la métaphysique classique.
Avant les amitiés. Saint Augustin et la possibilité de l’amitié
Authors: de Saxcé Anne
Published: May 2021

Comment penser l’amitié sans recourir à une affirmation politique ou théologique ? Nous montrons d’abord la reprise chrétienne et la transformation de l’amitié, telle que la concevait l’Antiquité, à partir de la réinterprétation augustinienne des textes de Cicéron. Puis nous proposons de réfléchir à cette nouvelle conception de l’amitié, en nous appuyant sur les textes de Jacques Derrida, qui cherche à établir la possibilité d’une amitié d’« avant les amitiés », fondée sur aucune fraternité. Pour Derrida, une telle amitié est rendue possible par le langage, qui se pense d’abord comme hospitalité. Nous reprenons enfin la lecture des textes d’Augustin, pour montrer leur convergence avec cette nouvelle définition de l’amitié, en éclairant le rôle qu’y joue la confessio .
Regards sur les mutations du logement social dans les politiques d’habitat en Tunisie
Authors: Bennasr Ali , Ben Fguira Sami
Published: May 2021

En Tunisie, le logement social a toujours été avancé comme une préoccupation majeure des différentes politiques d’habitat adoptées depuis l’indépendance. Les responsables développent souvent un discours sur la réussite du modèle tunisien en matière d’habitat social. Cependant, l’examen de l’évolution de ces politiques et des programmes réalisés fait apparaître les limites et les insuffisances du secteur logement social sous le monopole de l’Etat. Après un effort de construction durant les premières années succédant l’indépendance, on a assisté à une tendance inéluctable de désengagement de l’État de la production du logement social. En effet, les politiques d’habitat qui se sont succédé ont été en grande partie orientées vers la satisfaction des besoins des classes moyennes en négligeant la demande des couches les plus vulnérables. Le problème du logement social est identifié comme celui d’un désajustement entre l’offre et la demande. A travers une rétrospective critique des politiques d’habitat et une restitution détaillée de leurs évolutions, cette contribution tente d’appréhender les limites des programmes publics de logement social tout en cherchant à identifier les logiques gestionnaires dominantes auxquelles ces politiques renvoient ainsi que leurs conséquences socio spatiales.
Le passé et le présent des politiques d’urbanisation et de logement en Turquie
Authors: Erdi Gülçin
Published: May 2021

La question du logement n’a jamais occupé en Turquie une place particulière dans l’agenda politique des gouvernements successifs, et les besoins en matière de logement ont longtemps été gérés par des initiatives individuelles. Quand, du fait de l’urbanisation rapide, le problème a revêtu une ampleur considérable les pouvoirs publics se sont avérés incapables de produire des solutions efficaces. De fait, ce n’est que très tardivement, dans le courant des années 1980, que des politiques publiques ont vu le jour, aux fins de la construction de logements collectifs sous la gestion d’une administration spécifiquement crée (TOKI). Cependant, on ne peut pas parler en Turquie de l’existence de logements sociaux de type HLM comme en France, ou AADL, LPL pour l’Algérie. S’il existe des programmes d’accession à la propriété pour des revenus modestes, il n’y en a pas pour la location à des prix indexés au revenu des individus. L’auteure se propose donc d’observer, à partir des années 1930, les trois grandes périodes d’urbanisation au prisme du besoin de logements et de la posture des décideurs politiques. Elle y propose des pistes de réflexion quant à l’absence de politiques publiques de logement et quant à la résilience des migrants ruraux vis-à-vis de leur vulnérabilité résidentielle dans leur vie urbaine. L’étude repose sur l’analyse comparative de deux grandes métropoles de la Turquie, Istanbul et Ankara.
« L’accès au logement en Tunisie 1970-2020. Évolution des politiques et renouvellement des modalités de régulation »
Authors: Ben Othman Hend , Yassine Turki Sami
Published: May 2021

Les politiques de l’habitat en Tunisie ont été marquées depuis les années 1970 à la fois par un désengagement de l’Etat du système de production au profit des lotisseurs et des promoteurs privés et par une intervention forte en matière de réhabilitation des quartiers informels. Le recours à un urbanisme de dérogation pour faciliter la mise en place du programme spécifique de logements sociaux obéit à des logiques propres : instrumentalisation politique pour la production des logements sociaux, absorption des revendications populaires par la tolérance envers les nouvelles constructions non réglementaires et saisie des opportunités offertes par les bailleurs pour la réhabilitation des quartiers informels. Aujourd’hui, avec les crises politiques à répétition et l’engagement encore timide dans la décentralisation, il semble difficile d’imaginer des changements substantiels dans les politiques de l’habitat. Entre-temps, les dynamiques de construction informelle se prolongent sur le terrain et continuent à correspondre au format le plus à même d’absorber les demandes.
Oman : une politique de logement pour forger un État-nation moderne
Authors: Klinger Thibaut
Published: May 2021

En 1970, Qābūs devient sultan d’Oman par un coup d’Etat qui renverse son père avec l’appui des Britanniques, principalement en vue de moderniser le pays : cette politique est qualifiée de « renaissance bienheureuse » ou «  Nahḍa  ». La politique du logement est le levier majeur de cette action, et prend la forme principale de la promotion de la maison individuelle sur parcelle de terrain octroyée par le souverain. Ce choix est au cœur de la redistribution de la manne pétrolière et de l’objectif de justice sociale qui légitime le pouvoir royal. S’il a des points communs avec ceux des pays voisins, le dispositif omanais se distingue en ciblant l’ensemble de la population de nationalité omanaise. Cette politique du logement a permis de faire accéder la population à une vie urbaine moderne, mais elle n’est pas sans poser de nombreuses questions aujourd’hui, en particulier sur le plan de la cohésion sociale ou d’un étalement urbain problématique face à l’objectif de développement durable.
La RFA et l’Afrique subsaharienne. Entre passé refoulé et avenir incertain (1950-1980)
Authors: Georget Jean-Louis
Published: May 2021

L’Allemagne a longtemps ignoré l’Afrique. Après la rétrocession de ses colonies, l’Afrique n’a pas été une priorité pour la politique étrangère allemande. À partir de la création de la RFA, on peut reconnaître plusieurs périodes distinctes dans cette histoire des relations de la RFA avec l’Afrique subsaharienne : d’abord, entre 1945 et 1975, les efforts continus de la République fédérale pour s’implanter dans cette zone, temps marqué par la confrontation avec sa rivale est-allemande ; puis, l’époque où cette rivalité cesse d’être l’alpha et l’oméga de la politique ouest-allemande avec l’arrivée des sociaux-démocrates qui, à partir de 1966, essayent de définir ce que peut être une politique africaine en dehors du manichéisme qui a jusqu’alors prévalu ; enfin, l’ère ouverte par la crise économique pétrolière de 1973 qui signifie la relégation du continent africain au second plan des préoccupations ouest-allemandes jusqu’à la réunification.
Gellert en France : une bibliographie et quelques réflexions
Authors: Genton François
Published: May 2021

Que reste-t-il de l’œuvre de Christian Fürchtegott Gellert en France et en français ? Aucun des livres de cet auteur n’est disponible sur le marché du livre en France. Aucune traduction n’a été publiée en France depuis la moitié du XIX e siècle. Ce texte tente de faire le bilan des traductions françaises d’œuvres intégrales de Gellert ou d’extraits tirés de ses œuvres et esquisse une description de l’importance en français et en France de cet auteur et de son œuvre.
« An Ingrained Antipathy » : traduire et adapter le théâtre français en Angleterre, du pillage à la suprématie culturelle (1843-1886)
Authors: Ramos Gay Ignacio
Published: May 2021

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser la pratique de la traduction et de l’adaptation d’œuvres françaises pour la scène londonienne pendant près d’un demi-siècle de la période victorienne (1843-1886). À partir des témoignages de dramaturges, de critiques, d’acteurs et de chroniques journalistiques, il est possible d’observer comment le recours au matériel étranger est conçu, dans un premier temps, comme un exemple de pillage intellectuel qui affaiblit la construction de l’identité nationale autour de l’art dramatique. Dans un deuxième temps, au fil du siècle, ce « vol » ou « pillage » sera conçu en termes positifs, laissant place à une « renaissance » de l’art dramatique britannique. Dans les deux cas, le fondement de l’activité créatrice dans les œuvres créées en France confirmera ce que certains critiques ont appelé la suprématie culturelle française au XIX e siècle.
¿Un historiador progresista? La evolución del liberalismo católico de Antonio Ferrer del Río
Authors: Calderón Argelich Alfonso
Published: May 2021

El escritor Antonio Ferrer del Río (1814-1872) ha sido considerado tradicionalmente como un exponente paradigmático de la historiografía progresista por sus obras dedicadas a las Comunidades de Castilla y al reinado de Carlos III. Sin embargo, en el marco de las recientes aportaciones sobre culturas políticas liberales y las relaciones entre nacionalismo y religión en España, se hace necesario revisar esta adscripción ideológica. Un análisis que vaya más allá de las etiquetas simplificadoras revela, en cambio, la complejidad de la aportación de este historiador. Para ello, se ha recurrido a la correspondencia que mantuvo con los archiveros Manuel y Pròsper de Bofarull y a otras producciones menos conocidas, además de sus publicaciones en prensa. Así pues, a través de la contextualización de este material se revela un liberalismo cambiante, que a principios del régimen isabelino se situaba cercano al moderantismo, para luego evolucionar hacia posturas abiertamente progresistas. La rehabilitación historiográfica que este autor emprendió del reformismo dieciochesco ofrece una oportunidad para ahondar en las contradicciones y límites del liberalismo católico hispánico.
Algo más que el adiós al marxismo. El XXVIII Congreso del PSOE y el derecho de autodeterminación
Authors: Rodríguez-Flores Parra Vega
Published: May 2021

El XXVIII Congreso del Partido Socialista Obrero Español, celebrado en mayo de 1979, ha sido recordado por la célebre renuncia de Felipe González a la Secretaría General. El PSOE se había reafirmado como marxista y González acababa de perder el debate nominalista sobre la definición del partido. Aquel impacto emocional y mediático permitió ocultar tras los fuegos de artificio otros debates de mayor trascendencia práctica que también se dieron cita en aquel encuentro. Entre ellos, el que tenía que ver con su modelo de política autonómica. Desde 1979 estaba en juego cómo iba a construirse el Estado de las Autonomías, y el PSOE tenía la oportunidad de establecer en la resolución sobre autonomías cómo quería configurar y ordenar el nuevo modelo de Estado. Fue entonces cuando se negó en lo inmediato cualquier aspiración por un Estado federal y cuando, por primera vez, desapareció el término autodeterminación de su «programa máximo». Este derecho, sin embargo, se mantuvo como parte de la ponencia hasta el último momento, defendido todavía por parte del socialismo. Un hecho que ha sido ignorado por la historiografía y que demuestra hasta qué punto se ha olvidado una resolución que definió la deriva «racionalizadora» en la que el Partido Socialista se embarcó desde entonces.
TLR4 Transactivates CD8+ T Lymphocytes upon Acute Sterile Tissue Injury
Authors: Wienhöfer Lisa , Marker Max , Antoni Anne-Charlotte , Sutter Kathrin , Sander André , Dudda Marcel , Flohé Stefanie B
Published: May 2021

Acute major tissue injury induces immune dysregulation that is characterized by the development of systemic sterile inflammation and an increased risk for opportunistic infections. Although the contribution of the innate immune system has been examined in detail, research on the impact of acute sterile tissue damage on the T cell compartment remains limited. In the current study, we used a clinically relevant mouse model for traumatic skeletal muscle injury to investigate the impact of sterile tissue damage on diverse subpopulations of CD4+ Th and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in systemic and local lymphoid organs. For the first time, to our knowledge, we provide evidence that injury selectively induced the expression of the activation marker CD69 on naive and central/virtual memory CD8+ T cells in the lymph nodes but not in the spleen of male mice. CD4+ Th cells remained unaffected in both organs. The activation of CD8+ T cells was dependent on signaling through TLR4. Within a few hours, injury triggered the expression of IL-12 in the lymph nodes in a TLR4-dependent manner. Blocking of IL-12 prevented the activation of naive and central memory CD8+ T cells after injury. Thus, early after traumatic tissue damage, TLR4 transactivates naive and central/virtual memory CD8+ T cells through innate cytokines in local lymph nodes, where they might modulate forthcoming local immune responses.
Follicular Unit Extraction [FUE] – One Procedure, Many Uses
Authors: Kerure Amit S. , Deshmukh Nitika , Agrawal Sandeep , Patwardhan Narendra G.
Published: May 2021

Follicular unit extraction [FUE] is a minimally invasive hair restoration surgery popularly known for its utility in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). In FUE, individual follicular grafts are extracted from donor area and implanted in the recipient area. Advantages of FUE are that it is comparatively 'scarless', has faster healing time, has less downtime and requires less technical staff. This article is aimed to highlight upon the multi-faceted utility of FUE technique in various dermatological indications like androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, facial hair restoration, tractional alopecia, scarring alopecia, body hair transplant, vitiligo as well as hirsutism.
A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study of Midline Cutaneous Lesions in Neonates and its Association with Spinal Dysraphism Detected Using Ultrasound
Authors: Resmi M. R. , Thappa Devinder Mohan , Chandrashekar Laxmisha , Plakkal Nishad , Ramesh A.
Published: May 2021

Background:

Spinal dysraphism occurs due to incomplete fusion of the midline mesenchymal, bony, or neural elements of the spine. The defects in the spinal cord can be associated with skin lesion since both have same embryonic origin.

Aims and Objectives:

This study was conducted to determine the association of midline and paramedian cutaneous lesions with spinal dysraphism by using spinal ultrasonography.

Materials and Methods:

Two thousand apparently healthy neonates were screened in the postnatal ward of a tertiary care center in South India. Those neonates with cutaneous lesions in the midline and paramedian region were screened for evidence of spinal dysraphism by using spinal ultrasonography.

Results:

Among 2000 neonates, 120 (6%) had at least one cutaneous lesion, of which 114 (5.7%) were in the midline and 6 (0.3%) were on the paramedian region of dorsal and ventral aspect of the body. Among these neonates, two cases had more than one skin lesions. The most common cutaneous lesion observed was typical dimple (82, 68%) followed by hypertrichosis (12, 10%). Ultrasonography revealed spinal anomaly in six (5%) of them. The cutaneous lesions associated with spinal dysraphism were obvious midline swelling, dermal sinus, and multiple skin lesions.

Conclusion:

Congenital midline and paramedian skin lesions may be the marker of spinal dysraphism. In the presence of such cutaneous lesions, only 5% of them had associated spinal anomaly in our study.
Pilates for Rehabilitation
Authors: Wood Samantha
Published: May 2021

Your clients and athletes demand and deserve customized, adaptable solutions when injury or chronic pain impairs movement and performance. Known for its whole-body approach to fitness, Pilates is the perfect way to help your patients recover, rehabilitate, and reach their goals.

With Pilates for Rehabilitation, you will learn how to apply proven Pilates methods to address dysfunction and help your patients achieve optimal performance. Renowned instructor and physical therapist Samantha Wood provides detailed descriptions of the most effective exercises for rehabilitating and healing injuries, improving functional strength, promoting efficient movement, and managing pain.

In addition to step-by-step instructions for Pilates apparatus and mat work, you will learn the indications and contraindications of each exercise and the primary muscles involved so you can determine when the exercise is appropriate for each client. Modifications and progressions allow for adaptation of exercises based on the stage of rehabilitation or the severity of the injury or condition being treated. Suggested exercise protocols, organized by common orthopedic injuries in anatomical regions, offer the flexibility to tailor a program to the specific needs of each client.

Authoritative yet accessible, Pilates for Rehabilitation paves the road to recovery. Recommended by BASI Pilates and full of the latest research, proven exercises, and expert advice, this is the ultimate rehabilitation guide.
Evidence-Based Practice in Athletic Training
Authors: Raab Scot , Craig Debbie I.
Published: May 2021

Grounded in solid science, Evidence-Based Practice in Athletic Training explains the basics of EBP and the research design methods that are so vital to its implementation. Starting in part I, the text introduces the various levels of evidence, well-built question development using the PICO technique (patient problem or population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes), the five steps of searching for evidence, and search techniques. Part II guides readers through researching specific questions and evaluating research studies, including how to incorporate the evidence they find into their clinical practice. Part III reviews the various research types, their uses and benefits, and research ethics as a critical part of the process of EBP. Through these step-by-step chapters, readers will be able to formulate clinical questions, perform research on current studies, analyze the available data, and apply the principles in their practice in order to provide the best and most accurate care possible.
Technical Note – AQMEII4 Activity 1: Evaluation of Wet and Dry Deposition Schemes as an Integral Part of Regional-Scale Air Quality Models
Authors: Galmarini Stefano , Makar Paul , Clifton Olivia , Hogrefe Christian , Bash Jesse , Bianconi Roberto , Bellasio Roberto , Bieser Johannes , Butler Tim , Ducker Jason , Flemming Johannes , Hozdic Alma , Holmes Christopher , Kioutsioukis Ioannis , Kranenburg Richard , Lupascu Aurelia , Perez-Camanyo Juan Luis , Pleim Jonathan , Ryu Young-Hee , San Jose Roberto , Schwede Donna , Silva Sam , Garcia Vivanco Marta , Wolke Ralf
Published: May 2021

Abstract. We present in this technical note the research protocol for Phase 4 of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII4). This research initiative is divided in two activities, collectively having three goals: (i) to define the current state of the science with respect to representations of wet and especially dry deposition in regional models, (ii) to quantify the extent to which different dry deposition parameterizations influence retrospective air pollutant concentration and flux predictions, and (iii) to identify, through the use of a common set of detailed diagnostics, sensitivity simulations, model evaluation, and reducing input uncertainty, the specific causes for the current range of these predictions. Activity 1 is dedicated to the diagnostic evaluation of wet and dry deposition processes in regional air quality models (described in this paper), and Activity 2 to the evaluation of dry deposition point models against ozone flux measurements at multiple towers with multiyear observations (Part 2). The scope of these papers is to present the scientific protocols for AQMEII4, as well to summarize the technical information associated with the different dry deposition approaches used by the participating research groups of AQMEII4. In addition to describing all common aspects and data used for this multi-model evaluation activity, most importantly, we present the strategy devised to allow a common process-level comparison of dry deposition obtained from models using sometimes very different dry deposition schemes. The strategy is based on adding detailed diagnostics to the algorithms used in the dry deposition modules of existing regional air quality models, in particular archiving land use/land cover (LULC)-specific diagnostics and creating standardized LULC categories to facilitate cross-comparison of LULC-specific dry deposition parameters and processes, as well as archiving effective conductance and effective flux as means for comparing the relative influence of different pathways towards the net or total dry deposition. This new approach, along with an analysis of precipitation and wet deposition fields, will provide an unprecedented process-oriented comparison of deposition in regional air-quality models. Examples of how specific dry deposition schemes used in participating models have been reduced to the common set of comparable diagnostics defined for AQMEII4 are also presented.
Modelling of long-term Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb dynamics from soils fertilised with organic amendments
Authors: Cagnarini Claudia , Lofts Stephen , D'Acqui Luigi Paolo , Mayer Jochen , Grüter Roman , Tandy Susan , Schulin Rainer , Costerousse Benjamin , Orlandini Simone , Renella Giancarlo
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Soil contamination by trace elements (TEs) is a major concern for
sustainable land management. A potential source of excessive inputs of TEs
into agricultural soils are organic amendments. Here, we used dynamic
simulations carried out with the Intermediate Dynamic Model for Metals
(IDMM) to describe the observed trends of topsoil Zn (zinc), Cu (copper), Pb (lead) and Cd (cadmium)
concentrations in a long-term (>60-year) crop trial in
Switzerland, where soil plots have been treated with different organic
amendments (farmyard manure, sewage sludge and compost). The observed ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA)-extractable concentrations ranged between 2.6 and 27.1 mg kg−1 for Zn, 4.9 and 29.0 mg kg−1 for Cu, 6.1–26.2 mg kg−1 for Pb,
and 0.08 and 0.66 mg kg−1 for Cd. Metal input rates were initially
estimated based on literature data. An additional, calibrated metal flux,
tentatively attributed to mineral weathering, was necessary to fit the
observed data. Dissolved organic carbon fluxes were estimated using a soil
organic carbon model. The model adequately reproduced the EDTA-extractable
(labile) concentrations when input rates were optimised and soil lateral
mixing was invoked to account for the edge effect of mechanically ploughing
the trial plots. The global average root mean square error (RMSE) was 2.7, and the average bias
(overestimation) was −1.66, −2.18, −4.34 and −0.05 mg kg−1 for Zn, Cu,
Pb and Cd, respectively. The calibrated model was used to project the long-term metal trends in field conditions (without soil lateral mixing), under
stable climate and management practices, with soil organic carbon estimated
by modelling and assumed trends in soil pH. Labile metal concentrations to
2100 were largely projected to remain near constant or to decline, except
for some metals in plots receiving compost. Ecotoxicological thresholds
(critical limits) were predicted to be exceeded presently under sewage
sludge inputs and to remain so until 2100. Ecological risks were largely not
indicated in the other plots, although some minor exceedances of critical
limits were projected to occur for Zn before 2100. This study advances our understanding of TEs' long-term dynamics in agricultural fields, paving the way to quantitative applications of modelling at field scales.
O COMPORTAMENTO LEGISLATIVO DAS DEPUTADAS FEDERAIS BRASILEIRAS: UMA ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO LEGISLATIVA DE 1987 A 2017
Authors: Franco Geissa Cristina
Published: May 2021

Uma das formas de compreender a representação substantiva das mulheres na política é através da atividade legislativa de deputadas federais. Nesse sentido, o artigo tem como objetivo analisar a produção de todas deputadas federais brasileiras eleitas que propuseram matérias legislativas entre 1987 a 2017, observando quantas proposições essas legisladoras aprovaram, quais as temáticas das matérias produzidas e aprovadas e avaliando em que medida as parlamentares produziram temas voltados às mulheres e sobre qual assunto. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, na qual foi realizada uma coleta de dados no site da Câmara Federal. Verificou-se que as parlamentares produziram 4.661 matérias legislativas e aprovaram 158, sendo que a maior produção legislativa está nos temas sociais e a maior taxa de aprovação está nos temas honoríficos, seguido dos temas políticos. A maior taxa de aprovação em temas sociais corresponde aos achados sobre produção legislativa de mulheres parlamentares tanto no Brasil como outros países como Estados Unidos.
Desenvolvimento de um modelo fuzzy multicritério para análise de criticidade: o caso do trem de levitação magnética
Authors: Sucena Marcelo Prado , Aprigio Thauany Vessados , Peres Marcelle Dornelas da Costa , Cunha Camila Pinheiro da , Santos Jonathan Estevão dos
Published: May 2021

Este artigo objetiva apresentar o desenvolvimento de um modelo matemático multicritério, utilizando o método F-SAW, híbrido entre a Teoria Fuzzy e o método multicritério SAW (Simple Additive Weighting), para determinar a criticidade dos elementos que compõem um sistema complexo. Utilizou-se, inicialmente, a pesquisa exploratória bibliográfica pela necessidade de se obter melhor conhecimento sobre os critérios a serem empregados no modelo para avaliação da criticidade. Identificaram-se 182 critérios que, após triagem, foram selecionados 25. Quanto ao estudo de caso, que objetiva exemplificar e validar os procedimentos do modelo, desenvolveu-se a pesquisa descritiva como base para a coleta de dados sobre as partes que compõem o sistema complexo estudado, o MagLev-Cobra, desenvolvido na COPPE/UFRJ. De posse dos critérios e das 53 partes, desenvolve-se o modelo matemático onde é realizado o processamento dos dados. Como resultado, foi possível gerar uma lista hierarquizada pelo índice de criticidade dos componentes do sistema complexo. Desta forma, percebeu-se que o elemento com maior índice de criticidade é o Criostato; em contrapartida, os menos críticos foram o voltímetro e amperímetro. Nota-se que o modelo gerado é de ampla aplicação em sistemas complexos de quaisquer áreas, haja vista que os critérios utilizados são genéricos. Além disso, para a fase de certificação que o sistema está submetido, a existência de um modelo preciso, que considere vasta abordagem de critérios, denota maior confiança nos resultados da produção com segurança.
Processo de inovação em empresas de tecnologia: um olhar sobre a contribuição dos softwares sociais e das ferramentas colaborativas
Authors: Miranda Morjane Armstrong Santos de , Santos Ernani Marques dos , Albuquerque Junior Antonio Eduardo De , Moraes Marcela Barbosa de , Ribeiro Elizabeth Matos , Fonseca Platini Gomes
Published: May 2021

Objetivo do artigo é analisar o uso de softwares sociais e de ferramentas colaborativas no processo de inovação em empresas de serviço de tecnologia. Os dados foram coletados a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os gestores e os resultados apontam a contribuição destas tecnologias no apoio ao processo de inovação como um todo, intensificando a colaboração inter e intraorganizacional. Há evidências que as ferramentas se mostram eficazes e acessíveis ao público, facilitando o trabalho simultâneo e compartilhado para a geração de inovações. Destacam-se a relevância das mídias e de ferramentas da Google no apoio ao processo de busca, lançamento e aprendizagem da inovação, além do uso de ferramentas de edição simultânea e de controle de ações individuais na fase da implementação. Os dados indicam ainda a necessidade de as empresas utilizarem diversas ferramentas com propriedades diferentes e complementares para o gerenciamento do processo de inovação.
Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Fluoride Varnishes Against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Soleimani Banafsheh , Goli Hamidreza , Naranjian Mahsa , Mousavi Seyed Jaber , Nahvi Azam
Published: May 2021

Background: Topical fluoride products such as varnishes prevent dental caries by limiting demineralization and antibacterial properties. The structural and metabolic characteristics of cariogenic microorganisms are different from each other. Also, the formulation properties, concentration, and release behavior of fluoride vary in different varnishes. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the antibacterial effects of three types of common fluoride varnishes against two cariogenic bacteria of Streptococcus mutans (S.M.) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L.A.). Methods: In this in vitro study, antibacterial effects of MI varnish [containing calcium phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP)], Polimo (containing xylitol), and FluoroDose varnishes were evaluated using disc diffusion method via measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone. The antibiotics of erythromycin and ampicillin were used as the positive control of the test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests were applied to compare the mean of non-growth zone diameter in the studied groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16. The statistical significance level was determined as P-value < 0.05. Results: The antibacterial effect of each varnish was optimal against both bacteria. In comparison, the mean diameter of the inhibition zone in MI varnish was significantly (P-value=0.019) higher than Polimo and FluoroDose brands on S.M.; however, this difference was not statistically significant for L.A. Furthermore, Polimo and FluoroDose varnishes showed similar antimicrobial effects against these bacteria. Conclusions: The use of these varnishes seems to be suitable for preventing tooth decay. MI varnish is preferable because of its higher antibacterial properties.
Evaluating the Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Predictors of Psychological Morbidity Among COVID-19 Survivors in Mashhad, Iran
Authors: Salimi Zanireh , Najafi Romina , Khalesi Alireza , Oskoei Reza , Moharreri Fatemeh , Hajebi Khaniki Saeideh , Shahini Najmeh , Soltanifar Atefeh , Mohaddes Ardabili Hossein
Published: May 2021

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to public panic and psychological problems. In this regard, few studies have reported the post-discharge mental health status of COVID-19 survivors. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the mental health status of COVID-19 survivors and determine the risk factors of adverse psychological outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 188 COVID-19 survivors discharged from hospital. Data were recorded using social media applications. To evaluate the mental health status, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Depressive Anxiety and Stress Scale 42 (DASS-42) were used. Ordinal regression with a logit link was used to assess the simultaneous effect of variables. Results: The mean age of participants was 56.4 ± 9.6 years, and the majority of patients were male (62.2%). According to HADS, 81 (43.1%) and 24 (12.8%) patients suffered from anxiety and depression, respectively. Using DASS-42, we reported at least a mild degree of depression [23 (12.2%)], anxiety [20 (10.6%)], and stress [74 (39.4%)] among the discharged patients. Depression, anxiety, and stress were significantly associated with length of hospital stay (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a direct association between stress and patients’ number of children (β = 0.38, P = 0.02). Conclusions: Depression, anxiety, and stress are relatively high among COVID-19 survivors. Length of hospital stay and number of children were identified as the predisposing factors for adverse psychological outcomes.
Propiedades psicométricas del inventario de crecimiento postraumático en población mexicana [Psichometric properties of te post-traumatic growth inventory in mexican population]
Authors: Quezada-Berumen Lucía , González-Ramírez Mónica Teresa
Published: May 2021

ResumenA pesar de que el inventario de crecimiento postraumático (PTGI) es un instrumento ampliamente utilizado para evaluar los cambios positivos después de un trauma, su estructura factorial no ha sido consistente en las validaciones hechas al español. Actualmente, no se cuenta con evidencia del estudio de sus propiedades psicométricas en población mexicana, por lo que el propósito de este estudio fue contrastar la estructura factorial del PTGI y describir el perfil promedio de crecimiento postraumático en una muestra mexicana. Participaron 446 personas con edades de 18 a 77 años víctimas de distintos eventos traumáticos. Los resultados indicaron una solución unifactorial, la cual mostró adecuada bondad de ajuste y confiabilidad excelente (α = .94). De acuerdo al perfil de los participantes, se identificó un cambio promedio en el crecimiento, no encontrándose diferencias entre mujeres y hombres. El PTGI-MX se considera un instrumento con buenas propiedades psicométricas para evaluar el crecimiento después de un evento traumático en población mexicana.AbstractAlthough the post-traumatic growth inventory (PTGI) is a widely used instrument to assess positive changes after trauma, its factor structure has not been consistent in the validations made in Spanish. Currently, there is no evi­dence of the study of its psychometric properties in Mexi­can population, so the purpose of this study was to contrast the factor structure of the PTGI and describe the average profile of post-traumatic growth in a Mexican sample. The sample consisted in 446 people aged 18 to 77 years, vic­tims of different traumatic events. The results showed a unifactorial solution, which showed adequate goodness of fit and excellent reliability (α = .94). A moderate change in growth was identified, being equivalent according to sex. The PTGI-M is considered an instrument with good psychometric properties to evaluate growth after a trau­matic event in Mexican population.
Assessing the Influence of Reversed Items and Force-Choice on the Work and Meaning Inventory [Evaluación de la influencia de los ítems invertidos y de elección forzosa en el Inventario de trabajo significativo]
Authors: Leonardo Maria da Glória Lima , Pereira Michelle Morelo , Valentini Felipe , Freitas Clarissa Pinto Pizarro de , Steger Michael F.
Published: May 2021

AbstractResponse biases are issues in inventories in positive organizational psychology. The study aims to control the response bias in the assessment of meaning of work through two methods: reversed key items and forced-choice format. The sample consisted of 351 professionals; women constituted 60.0 % of the sample. The participants answered two versions of the instrument for meaning of work: Likert-type items and forced-choice. For both versions, the unifactorial model was the most appropriate for the data available. The results indicate that the random intercepts model fit the Likert data (CFI = .92), as well as the forced-choice model (CFI = .97). Besides, the latent dimension of the forced-choice version did not correlate with acquiescence index (r < .08; p > .05), and approximately 20 % of the variance of the items might be due to the method (Likert or forced-choice). The present study illustrates the importance of response bias control in self-report instruments. ResumenLos sesgos de respuesta son problemas en los inventarios de la psicología organizacional positiva. El estudio tiene como objetivo controlar el sesgo de respuesta en la eva­luación del trabajo significativo a través de dos métodos: ítems clave invertidos y formato de elección forzosa. La muestra estuvo formada por 351 profesionales; las muje­res constituyeron el 60.0 % de la muestra. Los participan­tes respondieron dos versiones del instrumento de signifi­cado del trabajo: ítems tipo Likert y elección forzosa. Para ambas versiones, el modelo unifactorial fue el más apro­piado para los datos disponibles. Los resultados indican que el modelo de intersecciones aleatorias se ajusta a los datos Likert (CFI = .92), así como al modelo de elección forzada (CFI = .97). Además, la dimensión latente de la versión de elección forzada no se correlacionó con el ín­dice de aquiescencia (r < .08; p > .05), y aproximada­mente el 20 % de la varianza de los ítems podría deberse al método (Likert o forzado). elección). El presente estu­dio ilustra la importancia del control del sesgo de res­puesta en los instrumentos de autoinforme.