bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological hallmarks of systemic sclerosis are present in the skin and serum of patients with Very Early Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis (VEDOSS)
Authors: Ross Rebecca L , Caballero-Ruiz Begoña , Clarke Emily L , Kakkar Vishal , Wasson Christopher W , Mulipa Panji , De Lorenzis Enrico , Merchant Will , Di Donato Stefano , Rindone Andrea , Herrick Ariane L , Denton Christopher P , Riobo-Del Galdo Natalia A , Del Galdo Francesco
Published: December 2024

Objective

The Very Early Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis (VEDOSS) EUSTAR study showed that, despite not showing any clinical sign of disease, patients with Raynaud’s and ANA and/or capillaroscopy abnormalities often progress to SSc within 5 years. We aimed to determine whether VEDOSS biosamples show biological SSc activity pre-clinically.

Methods

Skin biopsies were histologically analysed. Dermal fibroblasts analysed by RT-qPCR and gel contraction assays. Sera were assayed by Luminex (CXCL10) or ELISA (ELF score). Healthy controls (HC) and SSc biosamples were used for controls.

Results

Overall, 114 consecutive VEDOSS patients were enrolled, of which 36 consented to have skin biopsies. Skin biopsies showed a variable but overall increased collagen staining and skin thickness, increased perivascular infiltrate of CD45-positive cells and CXCL10 expression. In vitro, VEDOSS dermal fibroblasts showed increased profibrotic gene expression and contractibility compared with HC. Increased serological CXCL10 [mean (s.d.) 75.90 (107.80) vs HC 39.90 (26.27) pg/ml, P = 0.02] and ELF score was evident in VEDOSS compared with HC [8.19 (0.78) vs 8.55 (0.79), P = 0.04]. In longitudinal analysis of a median of 27.5 (interquartile range 44.5) months, 14.9% of VEDOSS patients progressed to SSc. Baseline CXCL10 serum concentration was significantly higher in the VEDOSS patients that progressed (2-fold increase, P = 0.0071) and correlated with ELF score (R = 0.3096, P = 0.0065).

Conclusions

Despite not fulfilling classification criteria, VEDOSS patients show SSc-linked fibrosis and immunity dysregulation both within the tissue and sera, supporting a biological diagnosis of disease and a window of opportunity to detect the biological pathways amenable for preventive intervention.
Renal arteriosclerosis in kidney biopsies associated with higher 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in lupus nephritis
Authors: Garg Shivani , Astor Brad C , Lim S Sam , Raval Amish N , Zhong Weixiong , Panzer Sarah E , Khosroshahi Arezou , Rovin Brad , Bartels Christie M
Published: December 2024

Objective

Patients with lupus nephritis (LN), including those below age 50, face significantly higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) vs peers. This highlights the need for identifying specific ASCVD risk factors in LN. Renal arteriosclerosis in kidney biopsies (subclinical arteriosclerosis) may be able to predict future clinical ASCVD events. However, renal arteriosclerosis is under-reported in LN biopsies and is not taken into consideration when ASCVD risk is calculated. Therefore, we aimed to systematically grade renal arteriosclerosis in kidney biopsies at LN diagnosis and examined associations with 10-year and 20-year ASCVD occurrence.

Methods

Adults with biopsy-proven LN were included. Clinical ASCVD, including fatal and non-fatal events, were adjudicated. Utilizing standard Banff grading criteria, all biopsies at LN diagnosis were re-read to grade renal arteriosclerosis. Covariables (e.g. socio-demographics, comorbidities, med exposure) were abstracted. Using Cox models, factors (including renal arteriosclerosis) associated with 10-year and 20-year clinical ASCVD were examined.

Results

Among 209 patients, 36 and 49 clinical ASCVD occurred within 10 and 20 years. Renal arteriosclerosis (>25%) was associated with 3× higher 10-year ASCVD. High area deprivation index (>80) and longer angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) exposure were associated with 4× higher and 0.65× lower ASCVD occurrence. Adding renal arteriosclerosis >25% improved model performance for 10-year ASCVD risk estimation from 65% to 80%. Similar associations were seen with 20-year ASCVD.

Conclusion

Renal arteriosclerosis >25%, area deprivation and ACEi exposure could inform ASCVD risk stratification in LN. Prospective studies should validate findings and inform clinical use.
An older man with progressive short-term memory loss and confusion
Authors: Reynolds Beverly , McLaine Rosalind
Published: December 2024

A 72-year-old man with progressive memory loss and confusion presented to a neurology clinic for evaluation. He initially had difficulty remembering names and misplaced objects; however, his memory deficits had progressed, and more recently he had numerous car accidents and difficulty managing his own medications and finances. Cognitive testing revealed significant memory deficits reflecting moderate-stage dementia, and his brain MRI showed several cortical microbleeds and an area of siderosis consistent with the diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). This case report provides an overview of a classic case of CAA and its potential treatment options.
37th Annual APRN Legislative Update
Authors: Phillips Susanne J.
Published: December 2024

In this 37th installment of the Annual APRN Legislative Update—released in an anniversary year for both The Nurse Practitioner journal and for the advanced practice nursing profession—progress in terms of the advancement of APRN scope of practice over the years is reviewed. Current status of and updates to APRN practice authority and reimbursement in each US state and Washington, D.C. are reported.
Approach to DIEP Flap Pedicle Dissection via a Midline Fascial Incision
Authors: Gowda Arvind U. , Matatov Tim , McClure Kelsey , Mino Matthew , Zakhary Joseph
Published: December 2024

In this article, our technique for deep inferior epigastric pedicle dissection utilizing a midline fascial incision is described. Approaching these vessels via a midline facial incision provides facile access to the retrorectus space bilaterally, utilizes a dissection plane that facilitates preservation of nerve and muscle fibers, and allows for both efficient and ergonomic pedicle dissection. This method is safe and easily reproducible and may reduce abdominal donor site morbidity in deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction.
The Relationship Between Blepharoptosis and Psychosocial Health in the All of Us Research Program
Authors: Zhao Aaron T. , He Jocelyn , Ying Gui-Shuang , Katowitz William R.
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To investigate the association between blepharoptosis (ptosis) and psychosocial stress levels, depression, and anxiety in a diverse population of American adults.

Methods:

Utilizing data from the National Institutes of Health’s All of Us Research Program, we analyzed responses from 104,456 participants who completed psychosocial assessments. Participants with a history of a ptosis diagnosis were 1:3 matched with controls using propensity score calculated based on demographics and comorbidities. Univariate and multivariable regression models were used to evaluate associations.

Results:

Among 1,032 participants (mean age: 70.0 years, 33.6% male) with ptosis, the prevalence of depression and anxiety (15.3% vs. 5.2%; p < 0.001) was significantly higher (43.7% vs. 18.2%; p < 0.001) compared to 3,096 matched controls. Multivariable analysis revealed increased odds of depression (OR: 3.25; 95% CI: 2.78–3.80; p < 0.001) and anxiety (OR: 3.13; 95% CI: 2.47–3.96; p < 0.001) among those with ptosis. Female participants with ptosis had greater odds of depression (OR: 3.44 vs. 2.90) and anxiety (OR: 3.13 vs. 3.04) compared with males. In univariate analysis, participants with ptosis had greater scores in the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (18.53 vs. 18.23; p = 0.03) and Everyday Discrimination Scale (0.62 vs. 0.57; p = 0.02) than controls. However, these associations were not significant in the multivariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, female participants with ptosis had greater Everyday Discrimination Scale scores than matched controls (1.10 vs. 1.02; p = 0.004).

Conclusions:

Ptosis is significantly associated with higher rates of depression and anxiety, particularly in females. This underscores the need for comprehensive treatment approaches that address both aesthetic and psychological needs.
A case of necrotizing fasciitis secondary to cutaneous tuberculosis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Authors: Liu Xurong , Fu Zhengzheng , Zhong Jing , Zhan Jipang , He Renliang
Published: December 2024

Introduction and importance:

Skin tuberculosis is a rare chronic skin disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Due to variations in host immunity, as well as differences in the toxicity, quantity, and routes of invasion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, different clinical manifestations can occur.

Case presentation:

A 60-year-old female with a history of SLE for 16 years presented with dark brown nodules and plaques on the left lower limb and dorsal hands for approximately 8 months, which worsened with erythema and ulceration over the last 3 months. Prior to this, she was diagnosed with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Her ulcer progressively increased in size and number, accompanied by yellowish-white cheesy discharge. Diagnostic evaluations, including a biopsy, confirmed the diagnosis of NF. Subsequently, the patient underwent treatment with a combination of surgical intervention, pharmacotherapy, and other supportive measures, leading to improvement and eventual discharge.

Clinical discussion:

Unlike the classical presentations, this case report describes a rare manifestation of NF secondary to cutaneous tuberculosis complicated by SLE. This presentation poses challenges in diagnosis and treatment, emphasizing the significance of comprehensive debridement and combination therapy in such patients. Further research is necessary to validate its effectiveness across broader patient demographics, especially in pediatrics and pregnant women.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the rare association between NF and cutaneous tuberculosis. The report of this case, with its rare clinical manifestations, can serve as a good reference to reduce misdiagnosis of cutaneous tuberculosis and provide timely and effective treatment for patients.
Isolated pulmonary injury following electric shock: a case report and literature review
Authors: Vu-Hoai Nam , Dang-Vu Thong , Lam-Quoc Dung , Duong-Minh Ngoc , Tran-Ngoc Thai-Hoa , Tran-Ngoc Nguyen , Nguyen-Dang Khoa
Published: December 2024

Introduction and Importance:

Electrocution can lead to severe visceral organ damage, including pulmonary injuries. However, isolated electrical-induced pulmonary injury (EIPI) following electric shock remains underreported. This case reports a 33-year-old male who suffered an EIPI after contact with low-voltage electricity and provides a comprehensive literature review to explore the mechanisms, clinical presentation, imaging findings, and treatment of EIPI.

Case Presentation:

A previously healthy 33-year-old male presented with dyspnea, chest pain, and dry cough following an electrocution while lifting a fallen 220 V wire. Chest imaging revealed diffuse consolidations, ground-glass opacities (GGO), and interlobular septal thickening. Bronchoscopy findings were normal; no infectious pathogens were detected in blood and sputum cultures. The patient was treated with oxygen therapy, antibiotics, and supportive care, achieving full recovery after nine days of hospitalization.

Clinical Discussion:

A review of 12 case reports found that pulmonary injuries following electrocution are mostly associated with low-voltage exposure. The most common findings include bilateral lung consolidations, GGO, and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. The pathophysiology of lung parenchyma involves coagulation necrosis, leading to alveolar hemorrhage. Management includes supportive care, with surgery reserved for cases with extensive necrosis unresponsive to medical treatment.

Conclusion:

EIPI is a rare but potentially severe consequence of electrocution, often presenting as bilateral lung consolidations and alveolar hemorrhage. Given the variability in presentation and severity, chest imaging should be considered in all cases after electrocution, even in the absence of external injuries. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are essential to ensure favorable outcomes, with surgical intervention considered in selected cases.
Resilience of rapeseed to heat stress during grain filling in a high yielding environment
Authors: Verdejo José , Calderini Daniel F.
Published: December 2024

Global climate change is driving the temperature increase, which negatively impacts on crop production. Most heat stress studies in rapeseed have been conducted under controlled conditions, limiting their results to true field crops. This study aimed to assess the sensitivity of rapeseed to temperature increase during two phases of the grain filling period in southern Chile, a high-yield potential environment. To our knowledge, this is the first field study evaluating the effects of heat stress at different phases of grain filling in rapeseed. Three field experiments were conducted with two adapted spring rapeseed hybrids, Lumen and Solar CL, under three temperature treatments: a control at ambient temperature, a 5°C increase from the beginning of flowering to 15 days after flowering (DAF), and the same increase from 15 to 30 DAF. Crop and climate variables, including air temperature and solar radiation were recorded along the experiments. Slight effects on grain yield due to heat stress were found, however, the hybrids exhibited different sensitivities, with Lumen being less affected than Solar CL. Grian yield of the last hybrid showed positive association with photothermal quotient and negatively with temperature, while Lumen did not show relationship. The most significant impact on grain yield occurred during the first half of grain filling (0-15 DAF), resulting in a reduction of 26.8% of grain number in Solar CL, compared to a 6.0% reduction in Lumen across experiments. Grain weight remained little affected by thermal stress, indicating its conservative behaviour and tolerance in southern Chile conditions. Grain oil concentration was scarcely sensitive, while grain protein concentration increased under heat stress. The low impact on the crop outcomes of our studies may be attributed to the lower background temperature of southern Chile, suggesting that this environment may confer greater rapeseed heat tolerance during grain filling than in other agroecosystems.
Mapping targetable sites on the human surfaceome for the design of novel binders
Authors: Balbi Petra E. M. , Sadek Ahmed , Marchand Anthony , Yu Ta-Yi , Damjanovic Jovan , Georgeon Sandrine , Schmidt Joseph , Fulle Simone , Yang Che , Khakzad Hamed , Correia Bruno E.
Published: December 2024

The human cell surfaceome, integral to cell communication and disease mechanisms, presents a prime target for therapeutic intervention.De novoprotein binder design against these cell surface proteins offers a promising yet underexplored strategy for drug development. However, the vast search space and limited data on natural or competitive binders have historically limited experimental success. In this study, we systematically analyzed the entire human surfaceome, identifying approximately 4,500 targetable sites and introducing high-quality binder seeds tailored for protein design applications. To validate these seeds, we implemented two experimental approaches (protein scaffolding and peptide cyclization) on three representative targets (FGFR2, IFNAR2, and HER3). Our results revealed a high success rate, emphasizing the precision and therapeutic potential of these seeds, as well as the need for constant improvements of computational protein design pipelines utilizing machine learning and physics-based methods. Additionally, we present SURFACE-Bind, an interactive database offering open access to all generated data. The high-throughput computational design methods and target-specific binder seeds established here pave the way for a new generation of targeted therapeutics for the human surfaceome.
Transcription Factor RUNX1 Regulates Coagulation Factor XIII-A (F13A1): Decreased Platelet-MegakaryocyteF13A1Expression and Clot Contraction inRUNX1Haplodeficiency
Authors: Del Carpio-Cano Fabiola , Songdej Natthapol , Guan Liying , Mao Guangfen , Goldfinger Lawrence E. , Wurtzel Jeremy G.T. , Lee Kiwon , Lambert Michele P , Poncz Mortimer , Koneti Rao A.
Published: December 2024

Background

GermlineRUNX1haplodeficiency (RHD) is associated with thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction and predisposition to myeloid malignancies. Platelet expression profiling of a RHD patient showed decreasedF13A1,encoding for the A subunit of factor XIII, a transglutaminase that cross-links fibrin and induces clot stabilization. FXIII-A is synthesized by hematopoietic cells, megakaryocytes and monocytes.

Aims

To understand RUNX1 regulation ofF13A1expression in platelet/megakaryocyte and the mechanisms and consequences of decreasedF13A1in RHD.

Methods

We performed studies in platelets, HEL cells and human CD34+ cell-derived megakaryocytes including on clot contraction in cells following small inhibitor (si)RNA knockdown (KD) ofRUNX1orF13A1.

Results

PlateletF13A1mRNA and protein were decreased in our index patient and in two siblings from an unrelated family with RHD. Platelet-driven clot contraction was decreased in the patient and affected daughter. Promoter studies in HEL cells showed thatRUNX1regulatesF13A1transcription; RUNX1 overexpression increased and (si)RNA RUNX1 KD reducedF13A1promoter activity and protein. FollowingRUNX1orF13A1KD clot contraction by HEL cells was decreased as were FXIII-A surface expression, myosin light chain phosphorylation and PAC1 binding upon activation.F13A1expression and clot contraction were impaired onRUNX1downregulation in human megakaryocytes.

Conclusions

RUNX1 regulates platelet-megakaryocyteF13A1expression, which is decreased in RHD, reflecting regulation of a coagulation protein by a hematopoietic transcription factor. Platelet and megakaryocyte clot contraction is decreased in RHD, related to multiple impaired mechanisms includingF13A1expression, myosin phosphorylation and αIIbβ3activation.

Scientific category– Platelets and thrombopoiesis

Essentials

RUNX1 regulates expression of FXIII-A chain (F13A1)in megakaryocytes (MK) and platelets.

Platelet and MKF13A1expression and clot contraction are decreased inRUNX1deficiency.

MK clot contraction, myosin phosphorylation and PAC1-binding are impaired inF13A1deficiency.

Defective clot contraction in RHD arises from defects in multiple platelet-MK mechanisms.
Nanoroughness-induced antireflection and haze effects in opaque systems
Authors: Gareyan V. , Margaryan N. , Gevorkian Zh.
Published: December 2024

How to make a material antireflective without changing its high refraction index? Achieving antireflection in high-refractive-index materials poses challenges due to their high reflectivity (Fresnel equations). Based on theory with new boundary conditions, we propose modifying surface properties on a nanoscale to tackle this. Our study on weakly rough opaque surfaces reveals significant changes in specular and diffuse scattering, predicting antireflection where roughness matches light penetration depth. Experimental validation on nanoroughened Si films (at wavelengths 300 to 400 nm) supports our findings. We also analyze angular and polarization dependences of nanoroughness-induced haze, showing predominant p polarization and minimal haze at nanoscale, yet impactful specular reflection reduction.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Tensorial approach to altermagnetism
Authors: Radaelli Paolo G.
Published: December 2024

I present a tensorial approach to the description of k/–k-symmetric, time-reversal-odd splitting of electronic bands in magnetic materials, which can be of nonrelativistic origin and was recently given the name of “altermagnetism”. I demonstrate that tensors provide a general framework to discuss magnetic symmetry using both spin groups and magnetic point groups, which have often been contrasted in recent literature. I also provide a natural classification of altermagnets in terms of the lowest-order tensorial forms that are permitted in each of the 69 altermagnetic point groups. This approach clarifies the connection between altermagnetism and well-known bulk properties, establishing that the vast majority of altermagnetic materials must also be piezomagnetic and MOKE-active, and provides a rational criterion to search for potential altermagnets among known materials and to test them when the magnetic structure is unknown or ambiguous.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Proximity to a state with orbital order and charge disorder in optimally doped
R5/8Ca3/8MnO3
perovskites
Authors: Tragheim Ben R. M. , Ritter Clemens , Senn Mark S.
Published: December 2024

The evolution of charge and orbital ordering phenomena in optimally doped R5/8Ca3/8MnO3 (RCMO, R=rare earth) manganite perovskites has been investigated through average structure synchrotron x-ray and neutron powder diffraction techniques. We demonstrate the intricate relationship between the BO6 octahedral rotation magnitude and lattice strain distortions acting in this series and how they tune macroscopic signatures describing ordering behavior. Through careful symmetry-motivated crystallographic analysis, we show that for the range of RCMO compositions which famously contain maxima in the colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) response, their lattice strain states are in close proximity to that associated with a novel orbital order:charge disordered state we have recently unveiled in the quadruple manganite perovskites Na1−xCaxMn7O12. We establish that this order is the primary state which competes with the ferromagnetic metallic state which ultimately leads to phase coexistence and the emergence of CMR. Our results lend themselves to aiding a further understanding of how particular chemical complexities can control charge and orbital ordering phenomena and also the general properties of manganite perovskites and other related systems strain effects.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Is there a scalar or pseudoscalar at 95 GeV?
Authors: Arcadi Giorgio , Busoni Giorgio , Cabo-Almeida David , Krishnan Navneet
Published: December 2024

We discuss the possibility of interpreting the recent experimental hints in favor of a 95 GeV resonance with extensions of the Standard Model featuring an extra Higgs doublet and SM scalar (2HDM+s) or pseudoscalar singlet (2HDM+a). We compare the possibility of reproducing the experimental anomalies with the theoretical constraints on the extended Higgs sector as well as complementary bounds coming from flavor physics and other colliders searchers. For both the 2HDM+s and 2HDM+a we will consider a generic natural flavor conserving (NFC) model as well as the customary type-I, -II, -X and -Y configurations of the Yukawa coupling to the BSM Higgs bosons. We find that no model is able to reproduce all experimental hints, and plot the 2σ C.L. favored regions in the parameter space.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Ultralight dark matter detection with levitated ferromagnets
Authors: Kalia Saarik , Budker Dmitry , Kimball Derek F. Jackson , Ji Wei , Liu Zhen , Sushkov Alexander O. , Timberlake Chris , Ulbricht Hendrik , Vinante Andrea , Wang Tao
Published: December 2024

Levitated ferromagnets act as ultraprecise magnetometers, which can exhibit high quality factors due to their excellent isolation from the environment. These instruments can be utilized in searches for ultralight dark matter candidates, such as axionlike dark matter or dark-photon dark matter. In addition to being sensitive to an axion-photon coupling or kinetic mixing, which produce physical magnetic fields, ferromagnets are also sensitive to the effective magnetic field (or “axion wind”) produced by an axion-electron coupling. While the dynamics of a levitated ferromagnet in response to a dc magnetic field have been well studied, all of these couplings would produce ac fields. In this work, we study the response of a ferromagnet to an applied ac magnetic field and use these results to project their sensitivity to axion and dark-photon dark matter. We pay special attention to the direction of motion induced by an applied ac field, in particular, whether it precesses around the applied field (similar to an electron spin) or librates in the plane of the field (similar to a compass needle). We show that existing levitated ferromagnet setups can already have comparable sensitivity to an axion-electron coupling as comagnetometer or torsion balance experiments. In addition, future setups can become sensitive probes of axion-electron coupling, dark-photon kinetic mixing, and axion-photon coupling, for ultralight dark matter masses mDM≲feV.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Dynamical implementation of canonical second quantization on a quantum computer
Authors: Gálvez-Viruet Juan José , Llanes-Estrada Felipe J.
Published: December 2024

We develop theoretical methods for the implementation of creation and destruction operators in separate registers of a quantum computer, allowing for a transparent and dynamical creation and destruction of particle modes in second quantization in problems with variable particle number. We establish theorems for the commutation (anticommutation) relations on a finite memory bank and provide the needed symmetrizing and antisymmetrizing operators. Finally, we provide formulas in terms of these operators for unitary evolution under conventional two- and four-body Hamiltonian terms, as well as terms varying the particle number. In this formalism, the number of qubits needed to codify n particles with Np modes each is of order O(nlog2Np). Such scaling is more efficient than the Jordan-Wigner transformation which requires O(Np) qubits, whenever there are a modest number of particles with a large number of states available to each (and less advantageous for a large number of particles with few states available to each).

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
New construction for tree nonlinear sigma model and special Galileon amplitudes, and a new understanding of an enhanced Adler zero
Authors: Zhou Kang
Published: December 2024

We propose a new bottom up method to construct tree amplitudes of nonlinear sigma model (NLSM) and special Galileon theory (SG), based on assuming the universality of soft behaviors and the double copy structure. We extend the on-shell amplitudes to off-shell ones with two off-shell external legs, which allow the numbers of external legs to be odd. Then the 3-point and 4-point off-shell amplitudes can be bootstrapped, and the soft behaviors of 4-point NLSM and SG amplitudes can be derived from them. The universality of soft behaviors allows us to invert the resulted soft theorems to construct higher-point off-shell amplitudes recursively, and express them as expansions to tree amplitudes of biadjoint scalar theory. In our construction, the exact forms of universal soft behaviors are derived, rather than assumed. Back to the on-shell limit, amplitudes with odd numbers of external legs vanish automatically, and the enhanced Adler zero emerges. From the perspective without the aid of a Lagrangian, the enhanced Adler zero is understood as, the soft behavior vanishes faster than the degree expected from the naive power counting of soft momentum in our expansion formula. Interestingly, such “zero” have explicit formulas and can be interpreted naturally. For tree amplitudes of Born-Infeld and Dirac-Born-Infeld theories, our method of construction does not make sense, but the enhanced Adler zero can be studied similarly.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Public stigma towards individuals with schizophrenia who offend, considering the perceiver’s level of contact, empathy and right-wing views
Authors: Walkden Samantha Marie , Turner Kirstie
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI), such as schizophrenia, frequently experience public stigma, which can be further enhanced if the individual has an offending history. This study aims to examine how perceiver attributes, including empathy and endorsement of right-wing views, can impact perceptions and attitudes towards individuals with schizophrenia who offend.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used an online survey method, recruiting an international public sample (N = 396), with an age range of 18–71 years (M = 33.15, SD = 11.42). Participants’ level of contact with mental illness, empathy and right-wing views were measured and considered in relation to their impact on reported stigma.

Findings

Results highlighted that a greater level of contact with individuals with schizophrenia, and increased levels of empathy, were strong predictors of decreased levels of stigma towards individuals with schizophrenia who offend. Whereas stronger endorsement of right-wing attitudes were associated with increased stigma towards this population.

Originality/value

This research offers a unique contribution by considering a variety of perceiver attributes that contribute towards stigma directed at this population. The theoretical and practical implications of this research are considered, thus contributing to the limited literature on perceptions of individuals with schizophrenia who offend. The discussion highlights limitations and makes suggestions for future research.
Leveraging e-Islamic marketing to solidify marketing performance in the new normal (a lesson from Indonesian private Islamic higher educations)
Authors: Riofita Hendra
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to leverage e-Islamic marketing to solidify Islamic marketing mix and strategic Islamic issue effect, respectively, on private Islamic higher educational marketing performance in the new normal.

Design/methodology/approach

The design of this study is survey. Primary data is collected through the questionnaires sent to the leader elements of Indonesian private Islamic higher educations via a google form link and analyzed with SPSS and Amos programs.

Findings

The findings demonstrate that e-Islamic marketing can solidify the effect of Islamic marketing mix and strategic Islamic issues, respectively, on the marketing performance of private Islamic higher education in the new normal. The e-Islamic marketing, Islamic marketing mix and strategic Islamic issues are, respectively, also the predictors of the marketing performance.

Originality/value

The constructs used by this study can enrich the implementation of resource-based view theory, can implement the education marketing integrating technological advance with Islamic marketing to solidify marketing performance, can cover the religiosity aspects of prospective students’ and can manifest maqashid sharia concept.
Insights from a teacher’s video diaries about short-term study abroad preparation learning: a self-study
Authors: Hains-Wesson Rachael Lee
Published: December 2024

Purpose

While comprehensive study abroad preparation encompasses a wide array of elements, the purpose of this study is to highlight a short-term study abroad (STSA) teacher’s preparatory learning experience documented through self-reported video diary reflections.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a self-study methodology, using a series of self-recorded video diaries focused on preparation learning. The video diaries serve as visual and auditory self-reflective stimuli, providing insights into preparation practices that may benefit novice STSA teachers.

Findings

The findings highlight the importance of understanding both the “self” and ensuring early expectations through video reflections, which can enhance traditional methods in STSA professional development.

Originality/value

This study presents an alternative STSA professional development approach using self-recorded teacher video diaries to advance practice and share insights.
Foreign direct investment: technology-based entrepreneurship and the role of institutions
Authors: Lu Hao , Deng Ping
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study empirically investigates the moderating effect of institutions (including formal institutions and informal institutions) on the relationship between FDI and regional technology-based entrepreneurship in China’s emerging economy.

Design/methodology/approach

By collecting data on technology-based entrepreneurship at the regional level in China, our final balanced panel comprises 81,926 technology start-ups in 29 provinces at the regional level from 2000 to 2014.

Findings

The results show that FDI is critical to encouraging technology-based start-ups. We also argue that the institutions positively moderate the relationship between FDI and regional technology-based entrepreneurship. This study supports the negative interaction effect of FDI and corruption on technology-based entrepreneurship in eastern regions, suggesting that corruption weakens FDI’s entrepreneurial enthusiasm.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the critical role of regional formal institutions in moderating the positive effects of FDI on technology-based entrepreneurship. This enriches the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship and the OLI paradigm, offering a fresh perspective on this complex relationship. Additionally, it provides nuanced insights into how corruption, as an informal institution, interacts with FDI in different regional contexts.
Virological and Immunological Characteristics of HBeAg‐Positive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Low HBsAg Levels
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Wang Guiyang , Li Ming , Wang Jian , Gu Jiaqi , Huang Rui , Wu Chao , Zhang Quan , Liu Yong
Published: December 2024

Background

HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with low HBsAg levels represents a relatively rare serological pattern and is closely associated with the severity of liver disease. However, the underlying mechanisms in such cases remain largely unclear.

Methods

Treatment‐naïve HBeAg‐positive CHB patients with low HBsAg levels in China were enrolled and analysed. In vitro cell experiments and immunoassays were conducted to investigate the effects of the preS2 deletion mutation on virus reproduction and host immune response.

Results

Treatment‐naïve HBeAg‐positive CHB patients with low HBsAg levels (low HBsAg group) exhibited higher fibrosis scores and a greater prevalence of quasispecies mutations introduced by preS2 deletion compared to patients with positive HBeAg and high HBsAg levels (high HBsAg group). Further analysis revealed that fibrosis scores in CHB patients with the preS2 deletion mutations were significantly higher compared to both in wild‐type patients and the high HBsAg group. In vitro assays indicated that while this mutation may not impact HBV replication, it significantly reduced viral infectivity. The number of viral‐specific IFN‐γ‐secreting cells induced by the mutant was significantly lower than that induced by the wild‐type strain. Additionally, the levels of HBs‐specific B cells and cytokine secretion from lymphocytes triggered by the mutant strain were significantly reduced.

Conclusions

HBeAg‐positive CHB patients with low HBsAg and genotype C exhibited higher noninvasive fibrosis indexes compared with typical patients, accompanied by a significant increase in quasispecies variants associated with preS2 deletion. The emergence of the preS2 deletion mutants in patients could be due to its enhanced ability to evade the host immunity.
After the ink dries: Body art disclosure decisions by white‐collar employees
Authors: Litzky Barrie E. , Godshalk Veronica M. , MacLean Tammy
Published: December 2024

This exploratory study contributes to the literature on disclosing concealable stigmatized identities (CSI) by positing authenticity and identity centrality as antecedents to disclosing body art within a workplace context. We analyze identity centrality and its effect on amplifying or suppressing disclosure and/or fear of disclosure of white‐collar professionals' body art. The research question focuses on whether white‐collar employees believe they can be authentic and disclose body art in the workplace and whether there are adverse career outcomes associated with disclosing body art. Findings suggest authenticity was only related to the degree of disclosure through fear of disclosure, highlighting the role that fear played in the disclosure decision. Identity centrality moderated the relationship between authenticity and fear of disclosure. Both fear of and degree of disclosure were indirectly related to turnover intentions through affective organizational commitment. Given the limited research on body art as a stigma and its disclosure by white‐collar professionals, we believe this study adds to the CSI literature by offering insights into the impact that changing social mores associated with body art may have on the willingness of white‐collar professionals to disclose it.
Long‐Term Cardiovascular Complications in Patients With Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas After Surgery: A Large Multi‐Center Study
Authors: Guo Nan , Liu Tao , Zhao Ping , Bai Song
Published: December 2024

Objective

The effects of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs)‐induced catecholamine overproduction on vascular and cardiac function are generally thought to be reversible after PPGLs removal. However, a sizable proportion of patients who were free of the recurrent disease still faced high risks of cardiovascular problems after successful surgery. We aim to identify incidence and risk factors for long‐term cardiovascular complications in PPGLs patients after surgery.

Design

We retrospectively reviewed 602 patients who underwent surgery for sporadic PPGLs at three centers between January 2012 and October 2022. Demographic characteristics and perioperative data were recorded. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors for postoperative long‐term cardiovascular complications.

Results

Finally, a total of 602 patients were included in the analysis, comprising 460 (76.4%) patients with pheochromocytomas and 142 (23.6%) patients with paragangliomas. After a median follow‐up of 64 months, 76 (12.6%) patients had developed long‐term cardiovascular complications. Independent risk factors included pheochromocytomas (odds ratio [OR] = 4.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.425–11.965, p = 0.009), had low preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, OR = 5.659, 95% CI: 2.141–14.955, p < 0.001), experienced intraoperative hemodynamic instability (HDI, OR = 2.498, 95% CI: 1.423–4.385, p = 0.001), suffered from postoperative in‐hospital cardiovascular complications (OR = 5.723, 95% CI: 2.078–15.758, p = 0.001) and long‐term persistent hypertension (OR = 3.552, 95% CI: 1.580–7.988, p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Long‐term cardiovascular complications commonly occur in patients with surgical‐cured PPGLs. Pheochromocytomas, had low preoperative LVEF, experienced intraoperative HDI, suffered from postoperative in‐hospital cardiovascular complications, and persistent hypertension were determined as the risk factors for long‐term cardiovascular complications. These findings may help to improve follow‐up management.
Explainable Machine Learning Predictions for the Benefit From Chemotherapy in Advanced Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Without Available Targeted Mutations
Authors: Shuang Zhao , Xingyu Xiong , Yue Cheng , Mingjing Yu
Published: December 2024

Background

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a global health challenge. Chemotherapy remains the standard therapy for advanced NSCLC without mutations, but drug resistance often reduces effectiveness. Developing more effective methods to predict and monitor chemotherapy benefits early is crucial.

Methods

We carried out a retrospective cohort study of NSCLC patients without targeted mutations who received chemotherapy at West China Hospital from 2009 to 2013. We identified variables associated with chemotherapy outcomes and built four predictive models by machine learning. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) interpreted the best model's predictions. The Kaplan–Meier method assessed key variables' impact on 5‐year overall survival.

Results

The study enrolled 461 NSCLC patients. Eight variables were selected for the model: differentiation, surgery history, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), total bilirubin (TBIL), total protein (TP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The extreme gradient boosting (Xgboost) model exhibited superior discriminatory ability in predicting complete response (CR) probabilities to chemotherapy, with an AUC of 0.78. SHAP plots showed surgery history and high differentiation were related to CR benefits from chemotherapy. Absence of surgery, higher NLR, higher PLR, and higher LDH were all independent prognostic factors for poor survivals in NSCLC patients without mutations receiving chemotherapy.

Conclusions

By machine learning, we developed a predictive model to assess chemotherapy benefits in NSCLC patients without targeted mutations, utilizing eight readily available and non‐invasive clinical indicators. Demonstrating satisfactory predictive performance and clinical practicability, this model may help clinicians identify patients' tendency to benefit from chemotherapy, potentially improving their prognosis.
Association between time in tight range and incident diabetic retinopathy in adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wang Yaxin , Lu Jingyi , Yu Jiamin , Ni Jiaying , Wang Ming , Lu Wei , Zhu Wei , Guo Jingyi , Bao Yuqian , Zhou Jian
Published: December 2024

Aims

Time spent in the glucose range of 70–180 mg/dL (TIR) has become entrenched as a key measure of glycaemic control, which was linked to diabetes‐related outcomes in previous studies. However, there has been a recent debate about whether to instead emphasize time in the target range of 70–140 mg/dL (time in tight range, TITR). We aimed to assess the association between TITR and incident diabetic retinopathy in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

This is a dynamic cohort study conducted at a tertiary hospital. 2518 adults with type 2 diabetes and without diabetic retinopathy at baseline were finally included. TITR was obtained from continuous glucose monitoring data at baseline. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to assess the relationships of TITR with the risk of incident diabetic retinopathy.

Results

During a mean follow‐up period of 5.43 years, 646 patients developed retinopathy. The multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident retinopathy across descending TITR quartiles (Q4: >58% [reference], Q3: 38% ~ 57%, Q2: 19% ~ 37%, and Q1: <19%) were 1.00, 1.47 (95%CI 1.16, 1.87), 1.52 (95%CI 1.20, 1.93) and 1.93 (95%CI 1.53, 2.43), respectively. For per 10% decrease in TITR, the risk of diabetic retinopathy was increased by 9% (HR = 1.09, 95%CI 1.06, 1.13) after full adjustment for covariates. In the TIR >70% subgroup, the significant association between TIR, as a continuous variable and the risk of incident retinopathy disappeared, whereas TITR remained significantly associated with the outcome. Similar results were observed in the TIR >80% and TIR >90% subgroups.

Conclusions

TITR is inversely associated with the incidence of diabetic retinopathy in adults with type 2 diabetes. Among adults with well‐controlled TIR (70% or higher), TITR may provide added value regarding glucose control.
Sexualized Timbre and Embodied Auditory Imagination: Female Game Companions' Voice Services Labor
Authors: Chen Yasai , Chen Yiru
Published: December 2024

As the gaming economy thrives, the game companion industry has become increasingly prominent, featuring female companions as principal actors due to substantial market demand. They use their versatile voices to craft feminine personas, forming a crucial link between players and the virtual world. This study investigates the game companion industry's organizational structure and operational strategy, focusing on female companions' vocal performance dynamics. Drawing from in‐depth interviews with 15 female companions and utilizing a voice–body semiotic framework, this study examines how the intangible qualities of voice interact with the material presence of the body through embodied performance. The findings reveal that the industry commodifies female voices as a primary marketing tool, transforming female bodies into marketable assets. Female companions do more than provide gaming services; they blend gendered sensory qualities with idealized vocal traits to create personas that align with role expectations and emotional needs. This construction of voice–body imagery reflects the intertwined influences of aesthetics, consumer culture, and gender stereotypes, while these hidden structures impact companions' autonomy. Within this context of commodification, female companions encounter increased gender bias and exploitation, underscoring the necessity for robust regulations to protect female labor rights and promote gender equity in this expanding sector.
Effects of statins on kidney function in older adults
Authors: Fravel Michelle A. , Ernst Michael E. , Woods Robyn L. , Orchard Suzanne G. , Polkinghorne Kevan R. , Wolfe Rory , Wetmore James B. , Nelson Mark R. , Bongetti Elisa , Murray Anne M. , Zoungas Sophia , Zhou Zhen
Published: December 2024

Background

The effect of statin therapy on kidney function among older adults is unclear.

Objectives

To examine the association between statin use and changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR), positive or negative, in an older adult cohort with versus without chronic kidney disease (CKD) at baseline.

Methods

This analysis included 18,056 participants aged ≥65 years with versus without CKD at baseline in a randomized trial of low‐dose aspirin, who had no prior cardiovascular events, major physical disability, or dementia initially. Outcome measures included eGFR and UACR. Linear mixed‐effects models were used to estimate the associations of baseline statin use versus no use with eGFR and UACR changes over time. The inverse‐probability of treatment‐weighting technique was used for all analyses to address confounding by indication due to the lack of randomization in treatment assignment.

Results

Statin use was not associated with change in eGFR, UACR, or incident CKD in participants with or without CKD at baseline (p > 0.05 for all associations). Subgroup analyses found no significant interactions between statin and age, sex, diabetes, country, and frailty status on any of the study outcomes.

Conclusions

Among adults ≥65 years of age, with and without CKD, statin therapy was not associated with improved or worsened kidney function. This data suggests that the decision to use versus not use statins in this population may be ideally guided by factors other than kidney health.