bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Media as Partners for Increasing Broadband Adoption and Social Inclusion
Authors: Katz Vikki S. , Matsaganis Matthew D. , Ball-Rokeach Sandra J.
Published: December 2014

How can the goal of the National Broadband Plan (NBP) to alleviate social disparities be achieved? Katz, Matsaganis and Ball-Rokeach believe that local ethnic media, working with local anchor institutions, are the key to ethnic and minority broadband adoption and social inclusion. The authors illustrate this by showing how ethnic media can help realize the NBP's goals generally, and specifically with regard to developing a National Digital Literacy Corps and an online Digital Literacy Portal. Such media are, however, threatened by ongoing media ownership concentration and the defunding of public media. Sustaining such media, they argue, requires proactive public policy: inclusion in the E-Rate program; help with going online; development grant opportunities; antitrust enforcement; adoption of the NBP's call for a National Digital Literacy Corps and an online Digital Literacy Portal; and more research on the content and contextual features of ethnic media and on how they compare with “mainstream” media. This will accelerate achievement of the NBP's goals.
Spectrum Trading: Market-Based Architectures for Dynamic Radio Frequency Spectrum Access
Authors: Caicedo Bastidas Carlos E.
Published: December 2014

The traditional regime of spectrum allocation, in which governments assign frequencies for particular uses, leads to inefficiencies as large portions of available spectrum remain unused. In this article, Dr. Caicedo finds evidence that the scarcity of frequencies is artificial, and argues that technological innovation and new telecommunications business models are being held back as a result. Dr. Caicedo proposes the development of spectrum trading markets, and discusses their economic and technological viability for making spectrum usage more efficient for consumers and wireless service providers.
The Techno-Institutional Leap and the Formation of New Firms
Authors: Garcia-Murillo Martha , Velez-Ospina Jorge Andres , Vargas-Leon Patricia
Published: December 2014

Does the availability of information and communication technologies enhance the ability of entrepreneurs to start up new businesses? Using data from the World Bank and the International Telecommunication Union for all countries over an eleven-year period (2001–2011), the authors test this proposition while controlling for political, economic, and social factors.
THREE-P-SAMPLING FOR FOREST INVENTORY
Authors: Pelz Dieter R.
Published: December 2014

Por razões técnicas o resumo deste artigo não está disponível. Para maiores informações baixar arquivo completo.
SEGURANÇA DO TRABALHO NA EMPRESA FLORESTAL
Authors: Pereira Aloisio Rodrigues
Published: December 2014

Por razões técnicas o resumo deste artigo não está disponível. Para maiores informações baixar arquivo completo.
SECAGEM DE MADEIRA SERRADA EM ESTUFA SOLAR E SUA COMPARAÇÃO COM OS MÉTODOS CONVENCIONAIS
Authors: Santini Elio José
Published: December 2014

Por razões técnicas o resumo deste artigo não está disponível. Para maiores informações baixar arquivo completo.
ESTRUTURA DA OFERTA DE CARVÃO VEGETAL
Authors: Teixeira Helton Hugo Luz , Silva Orlando Monteiro da , Brandt Sergio Alberto , Pereira Aloisio Rodrigues
Published: December 2014

Por razões técnicas o resumo deste artigo não está disponível. Para maiores informações baixar arquivo completo.
PRODUÇÃO DE BIOMASSA E REMOÇÃO DE NUTRIENTES EM POVOAMENTOS DE Eucalyptus citriodora e E. saligna CULTIVADOS NA REGIÃO DE CERRADO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Pereira Aloisio Rodrigues , Andrade Dimas Coutinho de , Leal Pedro Geraldo Lelis , Teixeira Nestor C. dos Santos
Published: December 2014

Por razões técnicas o resumo deste artigo não está disponível. Para maiores informações baixar arquivo completo.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO VOLUME DA CASCA EM PLANTAÇÕES DE Pinus taeda
Authors: Machado Sebastião Do Amaral , Garcia Edson Rocetão
Published: December 2014

Por razões técnicas o resumo deste artigo não está disponível. Para maiores informações baixar arquivo completo.
A INTEGRAÇÃO DA SILVICULTURA NA AGRICULTURA DO NORDESTE
Authors: Seitz Rudi Arno
Published: December 2014

Por razões técnicas o resumo deste artigo não está disponível. Para maiores informações baixar arquivo completo.
UM CURUQUERÊ DO PINHEIRO
Authors: Brandão Antonio Espyridião
Published: December 2014

The author presents the occurence of larvae of Lepidoptero, from Geometridae Family, Fulgurodes, Citting out the leaves of an Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze., (Paraná Pine), in village in Parana, Brazil.
A survey of cannabis (marijuana) use and self-reported benefit in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Authors: Tripp Dean A , Nickel J Curtis , Katz Laura , Krsmanovic Adrijana , Ware Mark A , Santor Darcy
Published: December 2014

Introduction: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a chronic pelvic pain condition largely refractory to treatment. Cannabis (marijuana) use has been reported for a wide variety of chronic pain conditions, but no study has examined prevalence of cannabis use, symptom benefit or side effects, or frequency in CP/CPPS.Methods: Participants were recruited from an outpatient CP/CPPS urology clinic (n = 98) and online through the Prostatitis Foundation website (n = 244). Participants completed questionnaires (demographics, CP/CPPS, depression, cannabis).Results: The clinic sample included Canadian patients and the online sample included primarily American patients. Due to differences, groups were examined separately. Almost 50% of respondents reported using cannabis (clinic n = 49; online n = 89). Of the cannabis users, 36.8% of clinic and 75% of online respondents reported that it improved their symptoms. Most of the respondents (from the clinic and online groups) reported that cannabis improved their mood, pain, muscle spasms, and sleep. However, they did not note any improvements for weakness, fatigue, numbness, ambulation, and urination. Overall, the effectiveness of cannabis for CP/CPPS was “somewhat/very effective” (57% clinic; 63% online). There were no differences between side effects or choice of consumptionand most reported using cannabis rarely.Conclusions: These are the first estimates in men suffering from CP/CPPS and suggest that while cannabis use is prevalent, its medical use and benefit are unknown. This is an understudied area and the benefit or hazard for cannabis use awaits further study.
Elective gangrene of the corpus spongiosum of idiopathic origin: A case report
Authors: Kharbach Youssef , Tenkorang Somuah , Bouchikhi Ahmed Amine , Mellas Soufiane , El Ammari Jalaleddine , Tazi Mohammed Fadl , Khallouk Abdelhak , El Fassi Mohammed Jamal , Farih Moulay Hassan
Published: December 2014

Penile gangrene is rare and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It can be dry or wet. Treatment for dry gangrene is based on surgery, watchful waiting allowing spontaneous amputation of necrotic tissue or revascularization. It often depends on the general condition of the patient. We report a case of a 54-year-old patient with no significant medical history who presented with necrosis of the glans penis. Upon surgical exploration, we found an elective necrosis of the entire corpus spongiosum for which partial penectomy was performed. No etiology was found. To our knowledge, this is the first such case to be reported in the literature.
Impact of penile degloving and proximal ventral dissection on curvature correction in children with proximal hypospadias
Authors: Weber Bryce A , Braga Luis H.P. , Patel Premal , Pippi Salle Joao L. , Bägli Darius J , Khoury Antoine E , Lorenzo Armando J
Published: December 2014

Introduction: Penile degloving is an important step in orthoplasty. Although its role in correcting mild curvature in distal and midshaft hypospadias has been previously reported, its impact on ventral curvature (VC) correction in proximal defects warrants further investigation. Therefore, we sought to document the effect of degloving and proximal urethral dissection on VC correction in children with proximal hypospadias.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 137 patients who underwent proximal hypospadias repair between 1998 and 2006. VC, defined as mild (<30%), moderate (30%–45%), and severe (>45%), was recorded before penile degloving and afte rerection test. Percent improvement in VC and need for further treatment (beyond degloving and proximal dissection) based on preoperative degree of curvature were assessed. ANOVA test was used to compare improvement among the 3 groups.Results: Mean age at repair was 14 months (range: 6-24). Penile degloving associated with proximal urethral dissection when necessary was responsible for the improvement in the degree of curvature in 7 of 9 (77%) patients with mild VC, 23 of 44 (52%) with moderate and 35 of 84 (40%) with severe VC. Additionally, degloving alone was sufficient for VC correction in 7 of 9 (77%) mild cases, 14 of 44 (30%) moderate and only 2 of 84 (2%) severe cases.The difference among these 3 groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Penile degloving alone can correct VC. The percentage of improvement depends on the preoperative degree of curvature, with severe VC cases showing the least improvement.
Bone marrow metastasis of prostatic adenocarcinoma with post-treatment foamy-like changes: A diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Yigit Nuri , Geyer Julia Turbiner
Published: December 2014

Prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma (PAA) is the most common malignant tumour of the male genital system. Hormonal therapy and radiotherapy are widely-used treatment modalities in advanced stage disease. However, with hormonal therapy, the morphology of the neoplastic cells can be altered with a shift towards benign-appearing cells with inconspicuous nucleoli and abundant cytoplasm. When the tumour spreads to the bone marrow, these neoplastic cells can mimic foamy histiocytes, which may lead to a misdiagnosis. This becomes more challenging if a concurrent bone marrow malignancy is identified. Attention should be paid if foamy cells are detected in bone marrow, particularly if the patient has a history of PAA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of simultaneous bone marrow involvement by metastatic PAA with mimicking foamy histiocytes and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.
Irreconcilable Differences?
Authors: Swart Mia , Krisch Karin
Published: December 2014

Irreconcilable Differences? An Analysis of the Standoff between the African Union and the International Criminal Court

From initial African support for the establishment of the International Criminal Court to recent proposals that African states should withdraw from it, the article traces the history of the relationship between the African Union and the Court and the reasons for its deterioration. The discussion is focussed on the issue of immunity for sitting heads of state, which has emerged as a major sticking point between the two organisations. The disagreement is illustrated with reference to the ICC’s efforts to prosecute the Kenyan President and his deputy. We examine the legal position on head-of-state immunity at international law, and proceed to evaluate the AU’s proposal that the ICC should amend the Rome Statute to provide for immunity for sitting heads of state, as well as the amendment to the Protocol of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights, in light thereof.
Contracteren met arbiters
Authors: van Zelst B.
Published: December 2014

Contracteren met arbiters

In deze bijdrage wordt de aard en inhoud van de rechtsverhouding tussen het scheidsgerecht en de procespartijen nader geanalyseerd. Aan de orde komen: het toepasselijk recht, de verplichtingen van partijen en de rol van het scheidsgerecht in post-arbitrage geschillen.
Arbitrage en algemene voorwaarden: the twain shall meet?
Authors: Spanjaard J.H.M.
Published: December 2014

Arbitrage en algemene voorwaarden: the twain shall meet?

In april 2013 gaf het CISG Advisory Committee een rechtsgeleerde opinie over de toepasselijkheid van algemene voorwaarden onder het Weens Koopverdrag (‘WKV’). In die opinie worden aanwijzingen gegeven over de vraag, hoe algemene voorwaarden ter beschikking kunnen worden gesteld om gelding te hebben onder het WKV. In deze bijdrage staat een arrest van het hof Den Haag centraal, waarin de opinie wordt toegepast. Tevens komt de invloed van de toepasselijkheid van algemene voorwaarden op het bestaan van een arbitrageovereenkomst aan de orde.
A Need to Be Nimble and Agile
Authors: Roberson J. Alan
Published: December 2014

The Safe Drinking Water Act requires the US Environmental Protection Agency to go through a rigorous process to identify a new contaminant for regulation and then develop a national drinking water regulation. And that's a good thing ‐ nobody wants a regulation that is not based on the best available science. But how should we balance a robust and rigorous regulatory development process with a need to be nimble and agile in order to respond appropriately to new and emerging issues that are important to the drinking water community?
Focus on Total Water Solutions
Authors: Lane Cynthia , Flancher Dawn
Published: December 2014

This month we are introducing a new column “Total Water Solutions.” Drinking water, wastewater, reuse, and stormwater management are closely linked. Many water utilities provide a range of services, including drinking water production, wastewater collection/ treatment, and stormwater management. The management of all waters together allows utilities to better optimize the various resources they have available. For example, treated wastewater, stormwater, and reclaimed water are among the valuable resources in a utility's water portfolio that can shift demand from diminishing water sources, reduce discharges into receiving waters, and augment the groundwater and lakes that supply drinking water.
What Becomes of the Avant-Guarded? New Music as Subculture
Authors: Iddon Martin
Published: December 2014

In a short ‘vox pop,’ written forCircuitin 2010, on the subject of the ‘future’ of new music, I proposed that new music — or the version of it tightly intertwined with what was once thought of as the international avant-garde, at any rate — might today be better thought of as a sort of subculture, akin to the spectacular subcultures of goth and punk, but radically different in that they developed from the ‘grassroots,’ as it were, while new music comes from a position of extreme cultural privilege, which is to say it has access, even now, to modes of funding and infrastructure subcultures ‘proper’ never have. This essay develops this line of enquiry, outlining theories of subculture and post-subculture — drawing on ‘classic’ and more recent research, from Hebdige and Cohen to Hodkinson, Maffesoli, and Thornton — before presenting the, here more detailed, case that new music represents a sort of subculture, before making some tentative proposals regarding what sort of subculture it is and what this might mean for contemporary understandings of new music and what it is for.
Trajectoire d’une connexion : Romitelli/Montréal
Authors: McKinley Maxime
Published: December 2014

Cette enquête, constituée de témoignages de Marie-Annick Béliveau, Julien Bilodeau, Sylvain Pohu et Lorraine Vaillancourt, avec la participation de Jean-François Laporte et Jimmie LeBlanc, creuse les liens entre Fausto Romitelli et la scène montréalaise de musique nouvelle. Cette connexion suit une trajectoire commençant à Royaumont, en 1997, où Marie-Annick Béliveau et le Nouvel Ensemble Moderne (nem), sous la direction de Lorraine Vaillancourt, étaient invités à créer Lost, une oeuvre charnière dans le catalogue du compositeur. Romitelli et Vaillancourt se sont retrouvés à Lyon, en 2004, quelques mois avant qu’elle dirige l’Orchestre philharmonique de Nice dans Audiodrome – Dead City Radio, et reprenne Lost à Montréal en 2005. À Royaumont et ailleurs, Romitelli a croisé au début des années 2000 des compositeurs québécois qu’il appréciait, dont Jean-François Laporte et Julien Bilodeau. En 2009, la société Codes d’accès a produit la création nord-américaine de An Index of Metals, suivie en 2012 de la création montréalaise du cycle Professor Bad Trip. Les témoignages recueillis sur ces divers liens mènent à une conclusion sur la force avec laquelle l’oeuvre de Romitelli résout les apories de tensions paradoxales familières : « populaire versus savant », « acoustique versus électroacoustique », « consonance versus dissonance », mais aussi « nouvelles versus anciennes générations », et « centres internationaux versus périphéries ».
Person(s) of Interest and Missing Women: Legal Abandonment in the Downtown Eastside
Authors: Craig Elaine
Published: December 2014

The criminal prosecution of Robert Pickton involved an eleven-month jury trial, two appeals to the British Columbia Court of Appeal, an appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada, and seventy-six reported judicial rulings. This article, through a combination of discursive and doctrinal analyses of these seventy-six decisions, examines what was (not) achieved by the Pickton trial. It discusses three areas: the judicial representation of the women Pickton was prosecuted for murdering; the implications of the jury’s verdict in the Pickton proceedings; and the impact of the Pickton trial on the families of the women he murdered. The article starts from the premise that it is correct to characterize these murders as a product of collective violence. Colonialism, political and legal infrastructure, and public discourse—and hegemonies based on race, class, and gender that these processes, institutions, and practices hold in place—produced a particular class of vulnerable women, the police who failed them, and Robert Pickton. The article concludes by suggesting that the outcomes of the Pickton prosecution both highlight the limitations of the criminal justice system and offer an analytical framework for examining other institutional responses (such as the Missing Women’s Inquiry) to the kind of collective violence that gave rise to the Pickton circumstance.
Contesting Expertise in Prison Law
Authors: Kerr Lisa
Published: December 2014

Prisons present a special context for the interpretation of constitutional rights, where prisoner complaints are pitched against the justifications of prison administrators. In the United States, the history of prisoner rights can be told as a story of the ebb and flow of judicial willingness to defer to the expertise-infused claims of prison administrators. Deference is ostensibly justified by a judicial worry that prison administrators possess specialized knowledge and navigate unique risks, beyond the purview of courts. In recent years, expansive judicial deference in the face of “correctional expertise” has eroded the scope and viability of prisoners’ rights, serving to restore elements of the historical category of “civil death” to the legal conception of the American prisoner. In Canada too, courts have often articulated standards of extreme deference to prison administrators, both before and after the advent of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and notwithstanding that the Charter places a burden on government to justify any infringement of rights. Recently, however, two cases from the Supreme Court of British Columbia mark a break from excessive deference and signify the (late) arrival of a Charter-based prison jurisprudence. In each case, prisoner success depended on expert evidence that challenged the assertions and presumed expertise of institutional defendants. In order to prove a rights infringement and avoid justification under section 1, the evidence must illuminate and specify the effects of penal techniques and policies on both prisoners and third parties. The litigation must interrogate the internal penal world, including presumptions about the workings of prisoner society and conceptions of risk management.
Comment l’écologie vient à la ville en méditerranée? Une comparaison entre Barcelone, Marseille et Sfax
Authors: Donzel André
Published: December 2014

Cet article s’interroge sur les conditions de la transition écologique dans les villes méditerranéennes. Après avoir précisé la genèse de la notion de « ville en transition », il en décrit les déclinaisons institutionnelles à Barcelone (Espagne), Marseille (France) et Sfax (Tunisie). Il en examine l’application dans leurs grandes opérations urbaines en cours (22@barcelona, Euroméditerranée, Taparura). Enfin, il analyse les formes d’appropriation de l’enjeu du développement durable parmi les professionnels de l’urbain et au sein de la société civile locale.
La ville, matériau artistique
Authors: Girard Bernard
Published: December 2014

Au début des années cinquante, des peintres sont sortis de leur atelier pour aller arracher des affiches. Quelques années plus tard, des compositeurs sont partis à la recherche de sons urbains qu’ils ont intégrés tels quels dans leurs oeuvres. En faisant de la ville une réserve de matériaux, ces artistes, affichistes et compositeurs de musique concrète, ont profondément modifié notre regard sur celle-ci. Ils nous ont amenés à porter un jugement esthétique sur ce qui apparaissait n’être que des nuisances. Ils ont contribué à l’esthétisation de l’espace urbain et à la découverte d’une nouvelle beauté : celle de la ville « canaille ».
Switching off direct current with contactors: A laboratory exercise
Authors: Daszczyński T. , Chmielak W. , Pochanke Z.
Published: December 2014

The purpose of the exercise is to show the processes of switching on and off direct current, phenomena that take place in the area between contacts, and the construction and operation of the contactors. The exercise presents the impact of inductance on the switching process. Switching off of direct current was analysed both theoretically and practically with measurements. The laboratory setup is presented with a short description and results from operating it.
Development of an educationally oriented open-source embedded systems laboratory kit: A hybrid hands-on and virtual experimentation approach
Authors: Balid Walid , Abdulwahed Mahmoud , Alrouh Imad
Published: December 2014

Embedded microcontroller (MCU) systems is one of the most important topics in undergraduate electrical and electronics engineering and computer engineering curricula. Laboratory sessions are vitally important in teaching/learning of MCUs. Unfortunately, most commercially available MCU development kits are not well designed for educational purposes. In this paper, we report on the design and implementation of an educationally oriented MCU kit. The design aimed to produce a fairly universal training board that can cover a range of experiments for different topics, which resulted in embedding a rich group of peripherals. Furthermore, the kit was associated with student-centric lab manuals, training exercise, video materials, and virtual MCU experiments. This paper presents a pedagogical investigation of the impact of using the embedded systems virtual labs for preparation. The quantitative results show statistical evidence that preparation with a virtual embedded systems lab results in higher learning outcomes.
Assessing learning outcomes in electrical engineering education: A case study from Saudi Arabia
Authors: El-Kady Mohamed , Alsadaawi Abdullah , Al-Zahrani Saeed , Ajbar Abdelhamid
Published: December 2014

This paper presents the main features of a study carried out by the higher education authority in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for developing a practical framework for formulating and assessing learning outcomes in electrical engineering education. The proposed learning outcomes were based on a compilation of different international accreditation frameworks. The formulated learning outcomes were grouped into four learning areas: (1) engineering sciences, (2) engineering analysis and investigation, (3) engineering design and (4) engineering practice. The paper also presents the main elements of a proposed standardized exit exam to test the developed learning outcomes. A table of specification was constructed that maps the developed learning outcomes with the test questions distributed over various learning levels. It allows the transformation of the developed learning outcomes into balanced questions to be used in an exit exam. The paper also discusses the implications of the proposed exit exam on electrical engineering education, and presents the results of a trial exam carried out recently.
A computer experiment to simulate the dynamic behaviour of electric vehicles driven by switched reluctance motors
Authors: Riba Jordi-Roger , Garcia Antoni , Romeral Luís
Published: December 2014

The study of the dynamic behaviour of electric vehicles is being incorporated in the syllabuses of an increasing number of graduate and undergraduate courses. This paper analyses the basic mechanical and electric concepts of electric traction applied to automobiles. For this purpose, in this work the switched reluctance motor is analysed. A model based on MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the behaviour of both the electric motor and the vehicle dynamics is described. It allows students to gain a better understanding of the fundamental mechanical and electrical concepts by simulating the system behavior in an interactive and flexible manner.
Podiatric Medical Abnormalities in a Random Population Sample 40 Years or Older in Spain
Authors: Pita-Fernandez Salvador , González-Martín Cristina , Seoane-Pillado Teresa , Pertega-Diaz Sonia , Perez-Garcia Sergio , López-Calviño Beatriz
Published: December 2014

Background

Podiatric medical abnormalities are highly prevalent, yet few random population studies exist that determine the presence of pathologic abnormalities in the feet, despite their importance. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of podiatric medical abnormalities in a random sample population 40 years or older.

Methods

An observational study was conducted of a random sample population (n = 1,002) located in A Coruña, Spain. Anthropometric variables, comorbidity (Charlson score), quality of life (36-item Short-Form Health Survey), and podiatric medical examination findings were studied. A descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed.

Results

The most common diseases were claw toes (69.7%), hallux valgus (38%), and hallux extensus (15.8%), which increased with age and female sex. The most frequent metatarsal formula was index minus (40.9%), followed by index plus minus (35.0%). The most frequent digital formula was Egyptian foot (57.1%), followed by Greek foot (31.4%). In this study, although the presence of podiatric medical abnormalities reduced the probability of enjoying a better quality of life, it did not do so significantly. After taking into account age, sex, comorbidity, body mass index (BMI), and the presence of podiatric medical abnormalities, the variables with an independent effect that modified the physical component of quality of life were sex (female), comorbidity, and BMI.

Conclusions

There was a high prevalence of podiatric medical abnormalities, which increased with age and female sex. Comorbidity, BMI, and sex modified quality of life independently of podiatric medical abnormalities.
Foot Type Analysis Based on Electronic Pedobarography Data in Individuals with Joint Hypermobility Syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Hypermobility Type During Upright Standing
Authors: Cimolin Veronica , Galli Manuela , Celletti Claudia , Pau Massimiliano , Castori Marco , Morico Gianfranco , Albertini Giorgio , Camerota Filippo
Published: December 2014

Background

Joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type (JHS/EDS-HT) is a rheumatologic condition characterized by generalized joint hypermobility and musculoskeletal and nonmusculoskeletal findings related to congenital laxity of connective tissue. Because foot pain and other foot problems are reported to make daily life problematic to manage for individuals with JHS/EDS-HT, and thanks to the availability of modern technology, the aim of the present study was to quantitatively characterize foot type in individuals with JHS/EDS-HT during upright standing.

Methods

Forty feet of 20 women with JHS/EDS-HT (mean ± SD age, 36.03 ± 14.01 years) were assessed clinically and with a pressure-sensitive mat during upright standing.

Results

Forty-five percent of feet had a high arch (pes cavus), 27.5% had a normal arch, and 27.5% had a low arch (pes planus or flatfoot).

Conclusions

From a clinical perspective, the characterization of foot type in JHS/EDS-HT is important to identify, develop, and enhance the rehabilitative options. An understanding of the relationship between pes cavus and foot pain in these patients could, in fact, improve the clinical management of these patients.
Healing Efficacy and Participant Outcomes of Chemical Matrixectomies Using a Hydrogel Containing Oakin
Authors: Barreiro Kristina N. , Moradi Masoud , Merrill Thomas , Losito James , Southerland Charles , Buckley Barbara
Published: December 2014

Background

We sought to demonstrate the healing efficacy of an antimicrobial hydrogel containing Oakin, an oak extract, to heal postoperative partial and total chemical matrixectomies.

Methods

Sixty participants were eligible for this open-label prospective study by having an ingrown toenail and a willingness to have the ingrown portion of the nail or the entire toenail permanently removed. All of the participants underwent a similar nail surgery, were provided a postoperative kit that included the study hydrogel, and received the same sheet of instructions for aftercare.

Results

Fifty-four participants could be contacted for follow-up and final evaluation; 54% (n = 29) were men and 46% (n = 25) were women. Eighty-nine partial hallux nail avulsions with phenol matrixectomy were performed. The median ± SD time to healing was 7.00 ± 0.00 days for 80% of participants (n =  43) and 8.85 ± 4.15 days for 98% (n = 53). An analysis of variance showed that the proportion healed time trend is significant (F1,53 = 79.265; P < .001).

Conclusions

The study hydrogel's ability to stop phenol's caustic activity is clinically beneficial in phenol matrixectomy aftercare. Providing each participant with a kit that included the same dressing supplies yielded consistent aftercare outcomes and 98% patient satisfaction (n = 53). The findings show that the Oakin-containing hydrogel was efficacious in healing phenol matrixectomies without the need for soaking. Furthermore, we suggest that the study hydrogel could also reduce healing times.
Radiographic Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle—Part 3
Authors: Christman Robert A.
Published: December 2014

Background

The normal radiographic anatomy of the foot and ankle, aside from my previous work, has been addressed only superficially or sparingly in the medical literature. This project correlates the detailed radiographic anatomy of the entire adult foot and ankle (two-dimensional) to osteology (three-dimensional).

Methods

Each bone's position was determined after meticulous examination and correlation to an articulated skeleton relative to the image receptor and direction of the x-ray beam, with correlation to the radiograph for confirmation.

Results

Images of each foot and distal leg bone ("front” and “back” perspectives) are presented alongside a corresponding radiographic image for comparison. The normal gross and radiographic anatomy is correlated and described for each radiographic positioning technique.

Conclusions

Foundational knowledge is provided that future researchers can use as a baseline (“normal”) and that students and practitioners can use for comparison when interpreting radiographs and distinguishing abnormal findings. The results of the original project, owing to its broad scope, have been divided into five parts: the lower leg, the greater tarsus, the lesser tarsus (the focus of this article), the metatarsals, and the phalanges.
Calcaneocuboid Joint Dislocation
Authors: Yıldırım Yakup , Ergün Selim , Akgülle Ahmet Hamdi , Cansü Eren
Published: December 2014

Tarsal bone dislocation is a rare entity. It is usually undiagnosed in the emergency department. We present the case of a 44-year-old man who was diagnosed as having calcaneocuboid joint dislocation in the emergency department. The dislocation was reduced in the emergency department, and a below-the-knee cast was applied. Successful clinical and radiologic results were obtained during follow-up. In this case, unlike the previous reports in the literature, conservative management succeeded in the treatment of calcaneocuboid joint dislocation.
Metagenomic chromosome conformation capture (meta3C) unveils the diversity of chromosome organization in microorganisms
Authors: Marbouty Martial , Cournac Axel , Flot Jean-François , Marie-Nelly Hervé , Mozziconacci Julien , Koszul Romain
Published: December 2014

Genomic analyses of microbial populations in their natural environment remain limited by the difficulty to assemble full genomes of individual species. Consequently, the chromosome organization of microorganisms has been investigated in a few model species, but the extent to which the features described can be generalized to other taxa remains unknown. Using controlled mixes of bacterial and yeast species, we developed meta3C, a metagenomic chromosome conformation capture approach that allows characterizing individual genomes and their average organization within a mix of organisms. Not only can meta3C be applied to species already sequenced, but a single meta3C library can be used for assembling, scaffolding and characterizing the tridimensional organization of unknown genomes. By applying meta3C to a semi-complex environmental sample, we confirmed its promising potential. Overall, this first meta3C study highlights the remarkable diversity of microorganisms chromosome organization, while providing an elegant and integrated approach to metagenomic analysis.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CIRCUMPOLAR NORTH - From Tana, Norway to Oktemtsy, Yakutia, Russia
Authors: Gjertsen Tor , Halseth Greg
Published: December 2014

The Gargia Conferences for Local and Regional Development (2004-14)Tor Gjertsen and Greg Halseth (eds.) UArctic Thematic Network on Local and Regional DevelopmentUiT/The Arctic University of Norway, University of Northern British Columbia2015
Section 2 Ecology, sustainable business, and community development
Authors: Gjertsen Tor
Published: December 2014

“Cod fishing in millennia versus oil drilling for maximum 50 more years?”
Section 4 Sport, tourism, and place development
Authors: Gjertsen Tor
Published: December 2014

“North Cape not only a tourism icon and destination”
Section 5 Development challenges in Indigenous communities and regions
Authors: Gjertsen Tor
Published: December 2014

"Between tradition and modernity … "
Section 6 Constructing and reconstructing rural places in a globalized world
Authors: Gjertsen Tor
Published: December 2014

“We must ask the right questions…”
Vulnerability Assessment of Rice Farming Provinces to Climate Change in Mekong River Delta in Vietnam
Authors: ANH HOANG HA
Published: December 2014

Mekong River Delta is one of the eight agricultural production regions ofVietnam and is also the largest rice producing region which contributes morethan 50% of the country’s rice production. However, the projected changes in climate are considered to cause adverse impacts on the rice production ofprovinces within the delta. This study assessed the vulnerability of rice farmingprovinces in Mekong River Delta to provide information for decision-makers todesign appropriate adaptation and mitigation plan for the delta. The result ofthe vulnerability index showed that Ca Mau and Tra Vinh are most vulnerableto climate change. The coastal provinces are more vulnerable than provinceslocated farther inland. The results for the simulation model of paddy yield underdifferent scenarios showed decreases in the paddy yield in Mekong River Delta.Specifically, the yield of Spring paddy decreases 6%, Autumn paddy decreases2%, Winter paddy decreases 4% and Autumn-winter paddy decreases 4% in2050. From these results, the climate change adaptation and mitigation policiesin this delta is suggested to be focused reducing the exposure to sea level rise;upgrading the irrigation system for paddy planting since the coastal provinceshave high rate of rain-fed paddy, vulnerability can also be reduced by enhancingthe adaptive capacity of provinces through subsidizing and providing farmerswith new paddy varieties which are more tolerant to salinity. Keywords - Climate change, quantitative vulnerability assessment, rice production,Mekong River Delta, Vietnam
Heavy Metal Concentration in Seawater at Villa Beach, Iloilo City, Philippines
Authors: SARINAS BRIAN GIL S.
Published: December 2014

This study was conducted due to the dearth of studies on heavy metals atVilla Beach, Iloilo City. It aimed to determine the presence and quantities ofavailable heavy metals specifically cadmium, chromium and lead in the watercolumn (surface, middle and bottom). Water physiochemical parameters weredetermined such as pH, salinity and temperature. Five sampling areas wereidentified in the shores of Villa Beach. One liter was collected in each layerof each sampling area for a total of 15 seawater samples and was immediatelytransported to the College of Arts and Sciences-Analytical Service Laboratory ofthe University of the Philippines Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo for the quantificationof heavy metals through flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). The pH values range from 7.513-7.933, 10.6-11.566 ppm for salinity and 27.5-31.233 °C for five sampling areas. Average dissolved chromium and lead werehighest at station four with 0.545 mg/L and 0.771 mg/L, respectively. Averagecadmium was highest at station one with 0.021 mg/L. The mean of Pb > Cr >Cd < Pb in the water column of the five sampling areas but was not significant. Available cadmium, chromium and lead exceeded the permissive value set by DENR AO No. 34 (1990). This study provides information and awareness tothe public about the present available heavy metals in Villa Beach, Iloilo City. Keywords - Heavy metals, cadmium, chromium, lead, flame atomic absorptionspectrophotometry, Philippines
Distribution of Oncomelania quadrasi (Mollendorf 1895) and Prevalence of Infected Snails in Schistosomiasis Endemic Villages of Kapatagan and Lala, Lanao del Norte, Philippines
Authors: LEGASPINO REQUEL T.
Published: December 2014

A survey of Oncomelania quadrasi was conducted from December 2012 toFebruary 2013 in the Municipalities of Kapatagan and Lala, Province of Lanaodel Norte, Philippines to geo-reference location of snail colony sites, estimatesnail population density and its environmental determinants, and determinethe prevalence S. japonicum-infected snails. Out of 29 total villages surveyed,25 (86.21%) were positive of infected snails. 104 (58%) of 180 water body sites(canals, streams, springs, swampy areas and wet grasslands) inspected had O.quadrasi snail colonies. Population density averages 9.9 ± 8.1SD to 11.7 ± 6.9SDsnails per colony. Multivariate canonical correspondence analysis revealed that acombination of large habitat size of 1000-3000 sq km (p < 0.002), 0-11 cm waterdepth (p < 0.002) and 30.7-32.8 C water temperature (p < 0.006) significantlyexplained high density of O. quadrasi populations. The mean prevalence ofinfected snails was 1.4 ± 0.8SD and 1.1 ± 0.3SD per colony in Kapatagan andLala, respectively. The prevalence of S. japonicum infection in O. quadrasi islow but indicates active transmission. The geographic position of the irrigationsystem seems to promote the spread of O. quadrasi in the vast network of waterbodies. Hence, multi-factorial and intensive control measures are necessary toprevent transmission of schistosoma infection. Keywords - Environmental health, abundance, colony, endemic, irrigation,schistosomiasis, villages, Philippines
Effects of two large solar energetic particle events on middle atmosphere nighttime odd hydrogen and ozone content: Aura/MLS and TIMED/SABER measurements
Authors: Verkhoglyadova O. P. , Wang S. , Mlynczak M. G. , Hunt L. A. , Zank G. P.
Published: December 2014

It is well established that large solar energetic particle (SEP) events affect ozone in the middle atmosphere through chemical reactions involving odd hydrogen (HOx) species. We analyze global middle atmospheric effects at local nighttime for two large SEP events during the intervals of 7–17 November 2004 and 20–30 August 2005. Properties of the SEP events and concomitant geomagnetic storms are discussed using in situ measurements. Temporal dynamics and latitudinal distribution of HOx and ozone densities inferred from measurements by the Aura/MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) instrument are analyzed. We show statistically significant increases of nighttime hydroxyl (OH) density in the middle atmosphere up to 5°106 cm−3 in the latitude range from 70° down to 50° latitude in northern and to −40° latitude in southern hemispheres in connection with peaks in proton fluxes of >10 MeV energy range measured by GOES spacecraft. During the storm main phases, the nighttime OH density increases were observed around ±50° in southern and northern hemispheres in the altitude range of 65–80 km. There is a correspondence between averaged nighttime OH partial column density (in 0.005 to 0.1 hPa pressure range) in the polar latitudes and energetic proton (>10 MeV) fluxes. Corresponding statistically significant nighttime ozone destructions up to 45% are observed from 70° down to 60° latitude in the northern and southern hemispheres. The SEP impulsive phases correspond to onsets of ozone density depletions. Larger relative ozone destructions are observed in the northern hemisphere in November and in the southern hemisphere in August. Simultaneous measurements of ozone density by the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (TIMED/SABER) instrument independently confirm the MLS results.
Impact of measurement uncertainties on determination of chlorophyll‐specific absorption coefficient for marine phytoplankton
Authors: McKee David , Röttgers Rüdiger , Neukermans Griet , Calzado Violeta Sanjuan , Trees Charles , Ampolo‐Rella Marina , Neil Claire , Cunningham Alex
Published: December 2014

Understanding variability in the chlorophyll‐specific absorption of marine phytoplankton, aph*Chl (λ), is essential for primary production modelling, calculation of underwater light field characteristics, and development of algorithms for remote sensing of chlorophyll concentrations. Previous field and laboratory studies have demonstrated significant apparent variability in aph*Chl (λ) for natural samples and algal cultures. However, the potential impact of measurement uncertainties on derived values of aph*Chl (λ) has received insufficient study. This study presents an analysis of measurement uncertainties for a data set collected in the Ligurian Sea in Spring and assesses the impact on estimates of aph*Chl (λ). It is found that a large proportion of apparent variability in this set of aph*Chl (λ) can be attributed to measurement errors. Application of the same analysis to the global NOMAD data set suggests that a significant fraction of variability in aph*Chl (λ) may also be due to measurement errors.
Wind forcing controls on river plume spreading on a tropical continental shelf
Authors: Tarya A. , van der Vegt M. , Hoitink A. J. F.
Published: December 2014

The Berau Continental Shelf is located close to the Equator in the Indonesian Archipelago, hosting a complex of coral reefs along its oceanic edge. The Berau coral reefs have a very high biodiversity, but the area is under serious risk due to river‐derived nutrients and sediments. The region is characterized by weak winds, moderate tides, and almost absent Coriolis forcing. Existing knowledge about river plume behavior in tropical environments is limited. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of the subtle physical forcing on the dynamics of the Berau river plume. A three‐dimensional model (ECOMSED) was calibrated with observational data. The model was forced by freshwater input from the Berau river distributaries, tides at the open boundaries, and measured hourly wind. The model reproduces the freshwater dynamics on the shelf adequately and highlights that the river plume spreads symmetrically for river forcing only. Tides cause vertical mixing and suppress the cross‐shelf spreading of the river plume. However, the spreading of the river plume over the shelf is mainly controlled by the weak monsoonal winds, resulting in a seasonal development. During the Southeast Monsoon, the southerly winds push the plume northeastward and cause a stratified water column in the northern part of the continental shelf. Northerly winds during the Northwest Monsoon disperse the plume to the south, promoting a vertically well‐mixed water column. The results can be used to predict the possible impact of land‐use changes in the steadily developing Berau region on coral reef health.
Field observations of wave‐driven circulation over spur and groove formations on a coral reef
Authors: Rogers Justin S. , Monismith Stephen G. , Dunbar Robert B. , Koweek David
Published: December 2014

Spur and groove (SAG) formations are found on the forereefs of many coral reefs worldwide. Modeling results have shown that SAG formations together with shoaling waves induce a nearshore Lagrangian circulation pattern of counter‐rotating circulation cells, but these have never been observed in the field. We present results from two separate field studies of SAG formations on Palmyra Atoll which show their effect on waves to be small, but reveal a persistent order 1 cm/s depth‐averaged Lagrangian offshore flow over the spur and onshore flow over the grooves. This circulation was stronger for larger, directly incident waves and low alongshore flow conditions, consistent with predictions from modeling. Favorable forcing conditions must be maintained on the order of 1 h to accelerate and develop the SAG circulation cells. The primary cross and alongshore depth‐averaged momentum balances were between the pressure gradient, radiation stress gradient, and nonlinear convective terms, and the bottom drag was similar to values found on other reefs. The vertical structure of these circulation cells was previously unknown and the results show a complex horizontal offshore Lagrangian flow over the spurs near the surface driven by alongshore variability in radiation stress gradients. Vertical flow was downward over the spur and upward over the groove, likely driven by alongshore differences in bottom stress and not by vortex forcing.
Auditory Distraction by Meaningless Irrelevant Speech: A Developmental Study
Authors: Meinhardt‐Injac Bozana , Schlittmeier Sabine , Klatte Maria , Otto Annette , Persike Malte , Imhof Margarete
Published: December 2014

The irrelevant sound effect (ISE) typically refers to a disruptive effect of a to‐be‐ignored sound in serial recall tasks, where lists of visually presented items (digits and letters) must be recalled in serial order. Although extensively studied in adults, studies on developmental aspects of the ISE are scarce. The present study aims to increase our understanding of developmental changes of auditory distraction in children beyond serial recall. Two tasks (i.e., word categorization and evaluation of simple mathematical equations) were designed to test retrieval from semantic memory. Proportion correct and reaction times (adjusted for speed–accuracy tradeoff) were measured in 8–9 and 12–13‐year‐olds. Results revealed a developmental change in the susceptibility to auditory distraction. Whereas older children were not affected by background sounds, younger children showed impairment in both proportion correct and adjusted reaction times. Overall, results suggest that attention distraction and immature attention control mechanisms contribute to ISEs in young children. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.