bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Authoritarian personality, anti-catholicism and the experience of religious values
Authors: Weima J.
Published: March 2007

La personnalité autontaire se rencontre dans les cas de structuration et d'intégration insuffisantes de l'égo, et va de pair avec des sentiments d'anxiété Elle se traduit par une tendance à penser l'environnement selon des catégories fortement opposées, cor respondant elles-mêmes à des explications extrêmement simplifiées du réel. Les recherches ont montré les relations existant entre les syndromes de la personnalité autontaire et les divers types de racisme. L'auteur s'est attaché à prolonger ces re cherches dans le domaine des rapports entre les différentes confessions religieuses, et en particulier de l'anti-catholicisme parmi les luthériens orthodoxes aux Pays-Bas. Il a établi dans ce but des tests appropriés. Il aboutit à une mise en-évidence de certaines manières de vivre la religion, comme liées à l'aditude religieuse autoritaire en question: le dogmatisme rigide, le dogmatisme opportuniste, le subjectivisme religieux, et enfin, le pseudo-oecuménisme
Concile et Sociologie
Authors: Goddijn W.
Published: March 2007

Considering side by side the points of view of the theologian and the sociologist, the authors clarify the new possibilities offered by bringing sociology to bear on the reflections of the theologian. In particular they point out that sociology is useful in constructive criticism, and in the adaptation of the Church's institutional forms. From this point of view the re-instatement of the principle of collegiality offers the best possible framework in which the sociologist and the theologian can meet. In it the latter is par ticularly well-pleased to render service to the Church, and to help her to disengage from an institutional status quo which has been only too restrictive, and in the maintenance of which her main vital forces have been hitherto occupied.
L'Eglise Reformée de Belgique
Authors: Estruch J.
Published: March 2007

The article gives the main results obtained in the course of a study con ducted on a small Belgian Protestant Church. The first section examines a series of characteristics of this church population in relation to the Belgian population at large: regional division, age-groups, levels of edu cation, and socio-professional environment. The hypothesis stating the non-Belgian character of this Protestantism is rejected.

The second section deals with the analysis of more specific questions especially in relation to the Protestant or Catholic origin of the members of this Church: evolution of the rate of conversions, the problem of religious instruction, and more particularly, the personal appreciation of the people interviewed on their membership in the Reformed Church. Four groups are thus constituted: non-members of Catholic origin, non- members of Protestant origin, members of Catholic origin and members of Protestant origin, with a certain number of different intervening factors which attempt to explain the phenomena. Finally, it appears that one of the most serious problems actually posed for this minority Euro pean Protestantism is that of organizing parish life in accordance with the models inspired by traditional family imagery, which no longer seems to correspond to the social context in which these religious minorities are inserted.
Quatre enquêtes sur la signification de la vie religieuse parmi quatre groupes différents de religieux aux Pays-Bas
Authors: Stoop W.
Published: March 2007

In this enquiry the author reports on four research studies carried out in four different groups of religious. A comparison of the four of them is difficult because of the instruments which were used : the scales and a precoded questionnaire are not the same. In fact, only seven common factors were studied by means of factor analysis : 1) the extent to which one perceives the individual or the formal structure of autho rity as the source of the structuralization of authority ; 2) the importance which one attaches to the satisfaction of desires, needs and personal aspirations ; 3) the fact of living religious life more inside or outside the group ; 4) the fact of living the specific spirit of the group to which one belongs ; 5) the evaluation of prayer life ; 6) the confidence which one has in the religious development of the Order or Congregation ; 7) the attitude and evaluation of mutual contacts.

Only these factors are compared in the factor analysis, Some other aspects of the enquiries have been commented on briefly.
Dépossession et besoins à l'origine des groupes religieux
Authors: Nelson Geoffrey K. , Rousseau André
Published: March 2007

This paper examines the theories of H. Richard Niebuhr and of Charles Glocn and Rodney Stark in which they attri bute the origin of religious groups to deprivation.

It is argued that deprivation is an inadequate explanation for the origin and survival of religious groups and that a theory based on human needs is required.

Religion may be seen, in certain circumstances, as a substitute activity in that it provides a vicarious substitute for the satisfaction of certain biological and social needs. When men are deprived of the natural, material or secular satis faction of these needs they may turn to religion.

Because of increased opportunities for the satisfaction of biological and social needs there is less need for religion as a substitute activity in complex modern industrial societies, religion, however, survives because it provides for the satis faction of what may be termed specifically religious needs, namely the need for an interpretation and explanation of the psychic and mystical experiences of men.
Some Structural Problems of Urban Religion
Authors: Watts Hilstan Lett
Published: March 2007

Dans cet article, l'auteur fait apparaître l'impact des forces socio-économiques sur la place des Eglises chrétiennes dans la métropole moderne. Les changements affectent aussi bien la vie ecclésiale interne que les rapports inter-confessionnels. L'extension urbaine et la spécialisation des secteurs sont un défi pour le modèle médiéval qui sous-tend l'organisation de l'Eglise et pour la division en paroisses et en communautés.

Les coûts en capital et en hommes qu'entraîne l'adaptation à cette évolution plongent les Eglises dans une crise à laquelle l'Œcuménisme tente d'apporter un remède. Un champ nouveau de recherches s'ouvre avec ce phénomène.
De l'adhésion à un nouveau système religieux à la transformation d'un système de valeurs: étude d'une communauté rurale africaine
Authors: Brown Sheila
Published: March 2007

An analysis of the relationship between changes in the value system characteristic of a rural environment and the adoption of a new religious system.

This article is based upon research aimed at analysing the processes by which groups adopt religious systems which are not characteristic of their local culture. The study was carried out in a village in South Africa where Christian missionaries had been present since 1820. Three problems were investigated — have traditional values been modified; have new values appeared ; have traditional values been re-interpreted through Christianity ?

The study took into account five indicators — economic values, authority, ethical norms, relationship with God and religious practice. Three age groups were studied : 15 years- 25 years ; 26 years - 49 years and 50 years and over.

The evidence seems to show that the people have only loosely integrated the new Christian values ; the author also notes the presence of role conflicts as a sign of opposition between two value systems. In conclusion, it would appear that the milieu studied is in a state of transition ; Christianity has not yet changed traditional morals and the preponderant role of the family, but a more individual form of ethics and a more « moral » religion is developing.
The Priesthood in Sociological Theory
Authors: McSweeney Bill
Published: March 2007

Depuis Max Weber, l'étude du sacerdoce par les sociologues a été menée dans une perspective théorique qui ne diffère guère de celle utilisée pour l'étude du pasteur. Ce qui revient à dire que le prêtre a été mis sur un pied d'égalité avec le ministre d'une église chrétienne non-sacerdotale et que les différences théologiques et historiques ont été vues comme sans pertinence au point de vue sociologique.

Cet article traite des ouvrages consacrés au sacerdoce, en particulier les études analytiques de Wach, James et Stark, qui ont servi de référence dans d'innombrables recherches em piriques sur les prêtres et leurs problèmes et qui adoptent l'hypothèse de la bureaucratisation du sacerdoce.

Plusieurs raisons sociologiques ont été suggérées pour ex pliquer pourquoi le point de vue de Weber sur le sacerdoce a été ignoré dans les études actuelles. L'intérêt de Weber pour le sacerdoce n'était qu'instrumental et secondaire en re gard de son intérêt principal qui était le changement social et économique. Dès lors, son attention s'est portée plus sur les aspects institutionnels que magiques du sacerdoce. Il a ainsi laissé aux sociologiques une idée du sacerdoce histori quement déformée et phénoménalement inadéquate. Pour remédier à cette lacune, une approche historique et phéno ménologique du problème du sacerdoce en tant que perception laïque du prêtre est nécessaire. A partir de ce nouveau point de départ qui différencie le prêtre et le pasteur on dispose d'une base théorique plus valable pour les sociologues et pour les réformateurs religieux.
New Wine In New Bottles : a Departure from Church-Sect Conceptual Tradition
Authors: Beckford A.
Published: March 2007

Au cours d'enquêtes par questionnaire et par observation participante, menées par l'Auteur au sujet des Témoins de Jehovah en Grande-Bretagne, il est apparu que les théories disponibles concernant les sectes religieuses étaient difficile ment utilisables. La raison principale en est que le concept de « Secte » est chargé d'une pluralité de significations. Les résultats des recherches sont ainsi toujours marqués et limités par les présupposés théoriques tacites contenus dans chaque usage particulier du concept. Dans le cas de la recherche de l'Auteur, il n'a, par exemple, pas été possible d'incorporer les apports de P.L. Berger, B. Johnson et R. Dynes parce que leurs présomptions conceptuelles ne sont pas dépassables.
Le mouvement pentecôtiste chilien et la politique
Authors: Tennekes Johannes , Jacques M. Fl.
Published: March 2007

This article is an interpretation of the principal results of a survey conducted in 1971 and 1973, regarding the attitude of chilean Pentecostals towards the political life of their country. On the basis of this study it appears that during Allende's period there was a big difference in the political sympathies between the Pentecostal leaders — mainly oriented towards the right — and the mass of the Pentecostal faith ful — who in a large majority entertained sympathies for the left. In spite of this difference in political orientation, the leaders and the other Pentecostals joined in a common position of condemnation of active participation in the political struggle fought at that time, and in general they adopted an attitude of reserve in regard to anything concerning politics.

This lign of conduct was not only caused by a concern about dissension in the ecclesial community, but it was also motivated by the idea that politics, as it existed before the coup of 1973, was morally reprehensible.

If this background is taken into account, there should be not too much attention paid to the manifestations of support of the present system of government expressed by many Pentecostal leaders in the past few years. It is improbable that these manifestations reflect the feelings of the mass of the Pentecostal believers.
Introduction
Authors: Berque Jacques
Published: March 2007

1. Socio-anthropology of Islam, especially of Islam con sidered as a religion, is paradoxically a rather forgotten sector in our studies. In any case, the role played by Islam in the practice and the theory of the human and social sciences is far from being up to its world-wide importance and its dynamics of renewal.
Institution catholique et intégrisme en Pologne
Authors: Michel Patrick
Published: March 2007

At the Second Vatican Council, the Polish ex-primate, Cardi nal Wyszynski, spoke out against the introduction of the liturgy in the vernacular language, and went so far as to say that medieval latin was part of the traditions of the Polish people. A very popu lar Marian cult, the frequent wearing of clerical dress, if we just limit ourselves to outer appearances, make the Polish Catholic Church look like a citadel of conservatism.
The politicization of the Ganaati festival
Authors: Michael S.M.
Published: March 2007

L'auteur de cet article veut montrer comment la sensibilité religieuse du peuple indien a été utilisée en fonction de desseins politiques.

Il propose d'abord une analyse de la situation socio-politique durant la période de Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Il examine ensuite le cas des émeutes Hindu-Musulmane à la fin du XIXème siècle et leur effet sur les classes indiennes éduquées.

Il expose également la manière d'agir adoptée par Tilak pour faire face à ces situations.

Il conclut enfin par une brève discussion sur le type de recours de Tilak à la religion.
La religiosité des jeunes espagnols
Authors: Riaza Ballesteros Jose Maria
Published: March 2007

The article presents a panorama of the evolution of Spanish youth, in the matter of sacredness, over the course of the last decades. The subject is taken up from a sociological point of view and is based on available empirical studies — quite numerous and quite markedly quantitative in approach.
Le catholicisme espagnol et le processus de modernisation au XIXe siècle
Authors: Urbina Fernando
Published: March 2007

This paper is an exploratory of social analysis from the historical viewpoint. Spain's modernization, in the background of Carlos III's Enlightenment (1756-1788), begins with the Peninsular War and the Bourgeois Revolution (1808-1834/37). The two great institutions of the "Ancient Regime", the aristocracy's and the Church's late medieval systems of privileges, were wiped out.
Maladie et guérison dans les groupes pentecôtistes de l' Italie méridionale
Authors: Di Bella Maria Pia
Published: March 2007

Malady and healing touch a new member of the Pentacostal groups of meridional Italy... born essentially after the Second World War... at two different stages of his existence: before and after his integration. The first marks his passage from the world of "the wicked " to that of "the good" and the second his incor poration. If one trial will be lived by the believer as a founding myth of his religious practice, the other will make way for collec tive prayers which will reinforce the solidarity of the group faced with this menace while at the same time giving it the occasion to perpetuate itself.
La doctrine sociale de l'Eglise catholique et le concept de “lutte des classes”
Authors: DECHAMPS Ivan
Published: March 2007

The path followed by the Catholic Church in its social doctrine is the expression of the traditional hostility of its hierarchy towards the commitment of Christians to class struggles. This leads sociologists to question the acceptance by the Church's hierarchy of the theoretical notion of “class war”. Having analysed the theoretical (in the tradition of Karl Marx) and practical meaning of this concept, the author reviews all the social Encyclicals and shows that within the rationale of religion “class war” is presented in a rather descriptive manner, in order to infer human relations ethics which — owing to their epistemological character — do not fit with the theoretical meaning of the concept and cannot therefore be used to confute it.
De la religion diffuse à la religion des valeurs
Authors: CIPRIANI Roberto
Published: March 2007

This article deals with a piece of empirical research conducted in Sicily by means of questionnairing a group of people selected by statistical sampling. The results were compiled from the completed questionnaires of 719 subjects, and the objective was to illuminate the concept of “diffused religion” as observed in the presence of common social values which tend to unify behaviour and attitude deriving from both the religious and lay perspectives. Cluster analysis was used to identify six different groupings: religious (church) acritical; religious (church) critical; religious (diverging from the church) critical; religious (diffused) as a condition; religious (critical and distancing self from the church); and not religious. The starting point for the research is the hypothesis that Catholicism (as the dominant religion) pervades many sectors of social life and maintains its influence over common values, despite the effect of increased distance between people and institutionalized religion. This appears to refute the theory of secularization.
La régulation étatique de la religion dans le monde arabe: le cas de la Jordanie
Authors: MESSARRA Antoine
Published: March 2007

The author uses the contemporary Kingdom of Jordan to illustrate his conception of religion and the State. In this State, the official regulation of the religious field works directly towards its main objective, that is, to give effective protection to adherents to the different religions existing in contemporary Jordan. First, the State restrains any political competition based on religious values or associated with religious groups. Second, the State supports the moderate tendency among the political competitors. Third, the State's authorities promote the security of minorities, such as the Bedouins, the Christians and the Cherkessy. Their loyalty and political support are needed to maintain the stability and the solidarity of the country. The protection of those minorities constitutes a subtle and clever means for the Jordanian monarchy to establish and to promote a neutral public space. In such public space, debate among the ethnic and religious groups can take place without disturbing the public order. According to the author, this kind of regulation has not been used enough by the other Arabic States.
L'islam et la révolution au Burkina Faso: mobilisation politique et reconstruction identitaire
Authors: OTAYEK René
Published: March 2007

In the early 1980s Burkina Faso experienced an Islamic resurgence which coincided with the advent of a “democratic and popular revolution”, heralding a programme of authoritarian modernization, transforming civil society and incorporating it into the state sphere. In this context came profound and sometimes brutal changes; for Muslims, Islam was an instrument to rebuild their identity and preserve their autonomy as a community, in the face of heavier and heavier-handed state domination. However, this awakening has not necessarily expressed a rejection of the state; on the contrary, in certain cases it articulates the desire for inclusion in the centre of the revolutionary process.
De la nation ethnique à la nation civique: enjeux pour l'Eglise catholique polonaise
Authors: ZUBRZYCKI Geneviève
Published: March 2007

With the advent of a legitimate, democratic state in Poland it is necessary not only to reconsider the traditional role and the predominant place of the Catholic Church in Polish society, but also — and more significantly —to redefine the bases of national identity. The author's thesis is that the national and political legitimacy of the state is leading to a transition from a primarily cultural and religious definition of the nation and of Polish national identity (ethnic nation), to one that is more political and civic in character (civic nation). This gradual identity shift is characterized by tensions between two opposed visions of the nation, indicating a slow move away from an essentialist conception of the nation to a more pluralist one. It is in that broader perspective of national redefinition that we can best understand the debate over the place of the Catholic Church in post-communist Poland, since the Church has much to lose from such an identity transition.
Villes, espaces publics et religions: récits d'espérance et pratiques quotidiennes
Authors: REMY Jean
Published: March 2007

Between 1950 and 1970, urban development was viewed (particularly in France and Belgium) very differently by urban planners and by religious institutions, especially in the Catholic world. Urban planners saw an opportunity to build a new environment for the self-fulfilment of modern humankind. The religious institutions saw urban development as a process of de-Christianization. This difference was due not only to practical and opportunist outlooks, but was grounded in different ways of approaching the ambiguity of the city: civilizing or destructive? What is the place of the ideal city (the “new Jerusalem”) in Christian thought? What is its place in modern thought? Over the uncertainties of the last 25 years, both approaches have moved from idealization to a sense of the possible. The public sphere is being realigned. Taking examples from France and Belgium, the author considers how religious institutions—particularly Catholic ones—might find a new involvement, and identifies Islam as a catalyst for change.
Urban Problems and Policy: An Anglican Case Study
Authors: HOWES Graham
Published: March 2007

This article examines the response of a state church, the Church of England, to contemporary urban problems—at the level of institutional adaptation, its own theological critique and its identity-and the secular consequences of this response. The Archbishop's Commission on Urban Priority Areas is an exemplary case. The article examines its origins and developments and finally its report Faith in the City and its secular and religious consequences. As a religious response to urban problems, the report was adversely received in the political field, though it become incorporated into public and secular discourse. The study reveals three forms of institutional self-legitimation: authenticity, continuity and exclusivity, as well as an antithesis between two forms of social ethics, the one modern and the other traditional. The author suggests that the close relationship between the church and the state does not necessarily deny a national church a prophetic role in contemporary urban society.
The Social Role of Catholics in Hong Kong Society
Authors: LI Kit-Man , CHEUNG Ka-Hing , CHAN Kun-Sun
Published: March 2007

Hong Kong is experiencing significant social and political changes. The Catholic Church in Hong Kong is reorienting its social role, particularly as concerns its prophetic role in society and its relationship with the Socialist Chinese government, which has just resumed sovereignty after over 150 years of British rule. The Catholic Church has been an important contributor to the provision of education and social services, but it was much less involved in social and political action. Hong Kong people are now learning slowly to publicly express their opinions. They are also learning to live with pluralism in moral and political principles. The Catholic Church is undergoing the same difficult learning process. It will be interesting to see how the Church can break new ground in its search for a new social role in present-day Hong Kong.
De la dissonance à l'esprit critique. Sur quelques façons d'être clerc et homosexuel
Authors: BUISSON-FENET Hélène
Published: March 2007

The question of power relations in the Catholic Church has been problematized in many studies in history and political sciences, illuminating, for example, the events surrounding the establishment of papal centralism, or the complexity of relations inside the clerical hierarchy. But critical analyses of a pyramidal representation of power seem to concentrate on the Church as an institution, without studying, on a microsociological level, relations of domination between people themselves. The most classical form of domination in the religious arena consists of proclaiming moral rules and prohibitions in order to induce behaviors of conformity and obedience. However, the relations between rules and practices are complex; the author attempts to distinguish some elements of this complexity, drawing on interviews with a group of Catholic priests who have openly declared themselves homosexual.
Sociological Directions in Feminist Biblical Studies
Authors: DUTCHER-WALLS Patricia
Published: March 2007

The author surveys the intersection of two approaches to Biblical scholarship, sociological methods and feminist hermeneutics. After establishing a working definition of a feminist approach, three types of sociological method are described. The first is “social role”, a consideration of social roles fulfilled by women, focusing on description of the place and functions of women in relation to other social actors. The second is “social history”, a historical approach that focuses on the social description of a particular time, movement or group, in this case women in the ancient world. The third is “social science”, a study that incorporates or relies on theories and models from the social sciences to provide explanation of social data about women in society. To illustrate the use of these social methods, examples from representative work of feminist Biblical scholars are given which provide a brief survey of these scholars and their work since 1983. The power and utility of social science methodology for feminist scholarship are highlighted. Finally, a survey of a smaller number of scholars illustrates the different ways in which the intersection between feminism and sociological methods is conceived, especially concerning the issues of feminist hermeneutics.
Boundaries of `Us' and `Them': Class, Mobility and Identification in a New Town
Authors: Southerton Dale
Published: March 2007

Whether social class shapes identification (senses of belonging to specified social groups) is subject to much debate. This article examines the boundaries of identification described by three groups living in a Southern English new town. The three groups systematically differed in their volumes of economic, cultural and social resources, and patterns of geographical mobility. Members identified themselves as belonging within each group through interpretations of shared social practices and orientations toward everyday life. Boundaries drawn between `Us' and `Them' by all three groups were based on generic social categorizations of class and expressed through socio-economic, cultural and moral frameworks of status evaluation. However, identifications were asymmetrical because two groups, the closest in terms of resource volumes, differentiated from one another despite employing the same frameworks for evaluating status. Internal differences were also apparent in the third group; those who had lived in the area longest offered greater degrees of specificity and certainty when identifying `Us'. It is argued that the relationship between class and identification is not straightforward. In this case, the organization of the town's social relations, with its normative conventions and local reputations, coupled with respondents' different patterns of geographical mobility acted to configure interpretations of who constituted `Us' and `Them'.
Effects of Cobalt 60 Gamma Radiation on the Physical Properties of Textile Cords
Authors: Harmon D.J.
Published: March 2007

The effect of various levels of gamma radiation on some of the physical properties of Dacron,1 nylon, cotton, Orion,2 Fiberglas, Celanese X-36, and rayon was measured. Properties studied were flex fatigue, creep rate, melt points, stress strain, and shrinkage tension. In general, the effect of radiation is to worsen the physical properties of the cords evaluated. Some improvement was found in the case of nylon where shrinkage tension and creep rate were reduced. The relative resistance of the cords to radiation damage is apparent from the test data. Studies in both air and vacuum show that oxygen is a strong contributor to the degradation of the physical properties in the presence of radiation.
The Measurement of the Uniformity of Spaces between Dents in Loom Reeds
Authors: Waesterberg L. , Söderberg L. , Nordhammar G.
Published: March 2007

Variations in dent spacing give variations in the spacing of warp yarns with the result that visible streaks sometimes occur in the fabric. To determine the maximum deviation of the dent spacing that can he allowed without causing visible warp streaks in a given fabric, a photometric measuring instrument has been designed. and with this instrument individual spaces between the dents are registered as bars on a photographic film. In evaluating the irregularity of dent spacing from the shadow patterns of reed gratings (equidistant, parallel-lined glass plates) on reeds, these patterns have been photographed and then graded according to the correlation observed between the number of warp streaks and the photometric variation of dent spaces.

In order to determine the quality of a reed quickly and simply in a mill. reed gratings are recommended to obtain patterns from the reeds in question for comparison with the set of standard graded photographic patterns.
Improved Process for Cotton Decrystallization
Authors: Janssen Hermann J. , Haydel Chester H. , Seal Jeuel F. , Vix Henry L. E.
Published: March 2007

Ice cold water was employed on both laboratory and pilot plant scales to extract re sidual monoethylamine reagent from decrystallized cotton materials. The use of cold water retained the high degree of decrystallization achieved and further retained the cellulose I crystal lattice of native cotton in the remaining crystalline regions. Advan tages of this cold water extraction process compared with use of organic solvents are enumerated.
The Effect of Bottom Front Roll Run-Out in Spinning on Yarn Quality and Processing Performance
Authors: Bragg Lawrence O.
Published: March 2007

Measurement of bottom front roll run-out at every spinning stand position in a typical mill indicates that only a small percentage of the stands have run-outs that are exces sively high. It was found also that square neck jointed rolls in the two plants studied have higher roll run-outs than screw neck jointed rolls. A reasonable explanation for this is that the square neck jointed rolls generally receive rougher handling. since con siderable force is required when separating or putting together the sections of the rolls on the spinning frame.

Periodic irregularities are introduced in the yarn by eccentric bottom front rolls which lower the quality of the yarn being produced. With increases of bottom front roll run- out from 0.000 in. to 0.010 in., the following properties of 31 1 warp yarn were affected to the extent shown:

As the roll run-out increased, the pattern on yarn appearance boards became more dis tinct. Analysis of the yarn properties indicated that yarn quality was appreciably lowered at bottom front roll run-outs in excess of 0.0055 in.

A study of the processing performance of the yarn produced at various bottom front roll run-outs indicates that yarns produced at high roll run-out positions are more difficult to process in spooling and weaving.

In this study, there was an increase of 12% in the number of breaks in spooling as the bottom front roll run-out increased from ranges of 0.000-0.003-0.006 in. and higher. With these same ranges of roll run-outs, warp stops in weaving increased 48% when the weavability of the yarn produced at low roll run-out positions was compared with yarn produced at high roll run-out positions in spinning.

The appearance grade of 80 X 80 print cloth, woven with filling yams produced at various roll run-out positions, was found to decrease with increases in bottom front roll run-outs. All graders that ranked the fabrics selected the fabric having the highest roll run-out as being the worst fabric in the group. However, no correlation was found be tween the appearance grade of 110 X 58 broadcloth woven with warp yarn produced at different bottom front roll run-outs in spinning.
Topochemical Mechanisms Involved in the Preparation and Deacetylation of Partially Acetylated Cottons
Authors: Bailey August V. , Honold Edith , Skau Evald L.
Published: March 2007

Iodine sorption and moisture sorption data and some density, x-ray, and infrared data have been obtained on partially acetylated (PA) cottons before and after progres sice deacetylation with 2 N hydrochloric acid or with N 2 sodium hydroxide. The re sults substantiate the accepted theory that in the partial acetylation of cotton the amor phous regions are acetylated first. They also show that deacetylation of PA cottons by these two reagents proceeds by different mechanisms. With hydrochloric acid. the acetylated amorphous cellulose is deacetylated more or less completely throughout the fiber before the, acetylated crystalline is attacked. With sodium hydroxide both are de acetylated simultaneously with little or no selectivity, so that deacetylation proceeds annu larlv from the surface of the fiber inward.

The properties of the original PA cottons differed markedly from those of the same acetyl content obtained by deacetylation. The properties depended further upon the reagent used for deacetylation and on the acetyl content before deacetylation. These differences in properties can be attributed to differences in the proportions and distribu tion of amorphous, crystalline. acetylated amorphous. and acetylated crystalline cellulose within the fiber and also to differences in the fine structure. degree of lateral order, and stress patterns resulting from the inhomogeneity of the volume changes which take place during acetylation or deacetylation.
Supporting Education Reform
Authors: Portz John
Published: March 2007

There is a general consensus that broad community support is important for successful urban education reform. More controversial, however, is how to achieve that support. This article analyzes two paths to creating a support network. The first is a mayoral path, exemplified by Boston, in which the mayor assumes political and fiscal responsibility for the school system. The second is a corporate path, exemplified by Pittsburgh in the 1980s, in which the private sector, led by the business community, establishes a supportive environment for school reform. Each path involves a different process of building support through the interactions of key leaders and institutions. Other cities seeking to develop a support network should do so in a manner consistent with their own constellation of leaders, institutions, and civic traditions.
Social Distance and Ethnicity
Authors: Williamson Robert C.
Published: March 2007

The social distance from white to black is greater than that from black to white.
Individual School Buildings
Authors: Lezotte Lawrence W. , Passalacqua Joseph
Published: March 2007

School buildings, controlling social class, impact student achievement.
Educational and Occupational Goals
Authors: Dawkins Marvin P.
Published: March 2007

Research note.
High School Dropout
Authors: Sewell Trevor E. , Palmo Artis J. , Manni John L.
Published: March 2007

The correlates and presumable causes for dropping out: The phenomenon is more complex than might have been expected.
Morale-Affecting Stressors
Authors: Bruno James E.
Published: March 2007

Teachers report stress from several sources related to the composition of the student body where they teach and together substantially impeding instruction.
Schooling of Youthful Offenders
Authors: Tidwell Romeria
Published: March 2007

Juvenile delinquents-demography and correlates as clues for successful instruction.
Research and Alternative Schools
Authors: Hamer Irving S. , Ampadu Marcus
Published: March 2007

Critique.
Instructional Leadership Behaviors
Authors: Jackson Shirley A. , Logsdon David M. , Taylor Nancy E.
Published: March 2007

Tentative links between principal behavior and student achievement.
Teen Mothers Enrolled in an Alternative Parenting Program
Authors: Roosa Mark W. , Vaughn Linda
Published: March 2007

Day-care programs for infants and special programs for their mothers seem to have benefited the mothers, but not to have affected their babies.
Block Grants
Authors: D'Agostino Julius J.
Published: March 2007

Block grants offer urban school systems greater autonomy—accompanied by new complications and hazards.
Hispanic Students in the Sink or Swim Era, 1900-1960
Authors: Stein Colman Brez
Published: March 2007

The sad annals of Hispanics' schooling before bilingual programs.
The High Costs of High Standards
Authors: Pallas Aaron M. , Natriello Gary , Mcdill Edward L.
Published: March 2007

Not all the consequences of reformers 'high standards will be positive.
The Lower Price Hill Community School
Authors: Obermiller Phillip J. , Borman Kathryn M. , Kroger James A.
Published: March 2007

An "alternative school"for a neglected subcultural group described.
Learning and Earning
Authors: McKee Nancy P.
Published: March 2007

In a big Texas barrio, schooling is valued though not financially rewarding.
Mentoring for Effective School Administration
Authors: Daresh John C. , Playko Marsha A.
Published: March 2007

Systematic establishment of "mentoring" can be a valuable practice in the preparation of administrators.
Organizational Correlates of Citizens' Participation Association Effectiveness
Authors: Wilson C. Dwayne , Bailey Darlyne
Published: March 2007

Contingency theories seem inadequate for explaining the nature of citizens 'participation organization.
Superintendent Selection and Dismissal
Authors: Hosman Carol Merz
Published: March 2007

Discords of values -those of the community, the school board, the super intendenti-led to the sitvrintendent's dismissal which led to the defeat of yo' board members.
"Ante Up"
Authors: Kingston Maureen A.
Published: March 2007

Perhaps no message is more pervasive (or persuasive) in American schools than the notion that some students are more valuable than others. In spite of their "democratic" rhetoric, schools are in the business of choosing and designating winners and losers for the society-at-large. This designation system is successful because students and school personnel believe that manufactured identity roles are "natural, " true, and immutable. In this article, the author argues that (a) a hegemonic ideology of superiority perpetuates the oppression of African-Americans and (b) African-Americans can overcome this ideology by using their consciousness of social injustice to expose and correct the lies told about them and to construct new institutions that reflect their self-definitions.
Parents, Power, and the Reform of Mathematics Education
Authors: Peressini Dominic
Published: March 2007

Recent education reform recommendations call for increased parental involvement and the promotion of partnerships between schools and communities. However, many of the reports and documents containing these recommendations speak to parents and educators in vague terms that do not identify a clear role for parents to play in their children's education. Moreover, much of the research regarding parent involvement is deficient in breadth and devoid of content; this is especially true regarding parental involvement in secondary mathematics education. This article explores the role of parents in three urban high schools engaged in the reform of mathematics education. In particular, mathematics teachers' perceptions of parents and parents' perceptions of their children's mathematics education are examined. While paying attention to issues of power; it is argued that at all three of these high schools, parents are involved in the reform of mathematics education in a limited and passive fashion.
What Can We Learn from the Data?
Authors: Shields Carolyn M. , Oberg Steven Lynn
Published: March 2007

This study compares student academic and nonacademic outcomes between year-round and traditional calendar schools in a metropolitan district with 36% of its 31,500 elementary students in multi-track year-round schools (YRS). A regression analysis taking socioeconomic status into consideration showed, over 6 years, 4% of YRS scores and 21% of traditional school scores below their respective state predicted ranges. No significant differences in nonacademic outcomes were found between the two school calendars. Interviews with teachers and administrators in six matched schools suggested that changes in organizational arrangements, social climate, and conceptions of curriculum and instruction helped to explain better academic achievement in YRS.
Protective Functions of Family Relationships and School Factors on the Deviant Behavior of Adolescent Boys and Girls
Authors: CROSNOE ROBERT , ERICKSON KRISTAN GLASGOW , DORNBUSCH SANFORD M.
Published: March 2007

This study explores gender differences in the impact of risk and protective factors on adolescent deviant behavior. With a longitudinal design and reports from actual friends, regression analyses indicate that both family and school factors reduced adolescent delinquency and substance use and protected adolescents against the impact of having deviant friends, though school factors were more consistently protective than family factors. The sources of protection differed by gender for each type of deviance.
Sexual Harassment in High School
Authors: CORBETT KELLY , GENTRY CYNTHIA S. , PEARSON WILLIE
Published: March 2007

This study presents results of a survey that asked current university students to recall instances of sexual harassment by high school teachers. Although most respondents did not think that sexual harassment by teachers was frequent or serious in their high schools, half cited examples of such incidents involving other students. Approximately 6% of the respondents reported having personally experienced sexually inappropriate attention from high school teachers. In addition, over one third noted that they knew of a sexual relationship between a high school student and a teacher. In these cases, the majority of the respondents thought the student and the teacher were equally interested in the affair. This finding, in conjunction with other responses, provided evidence that students often disclaimed instances of sexual harassment in high school.
Strange Bedfellows
Authors: PARDUN CAROL J. , McKEE KATHY B.
Published: March 2007

This study used content analysis to examine the use of religious and sexual imagery in rock music videos to determine how frequently such images were used and how frequently they were combined within the same video. A total of 160 videos were analyzed for presence or absence of religious or sexual imagery. The results of this study argue that religious imagery is present in videos in significant, nonrandom fashion. In addition, the study contends that religious images were more likely to occur with sexual imagery than without them.
Urban Graffiti
Authors: FERRELL JEFF
Published: March 2007

Recently, a new style of youthful graffiti has emerged in cities throughout the United States and beyond. Based on 4 years of fieldwork inside the Denver, Colorado graffiti underground, and on field and document research in other U.S. and European cities, this article explores the many ways in which those who produce this graffiti resist the increasing segregation and control of urban environments and shows how participants in the graffiti underground undermine the efforts of legal and political authorities to control them. Finally, it documents the ways in which this collective production of graffiti not only confronts and resists existing arrangements but constructs alternative social, cultural, and economic arrangements as well.
Recollections of Nonparental Significant Adults During Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: GALBO JOSEPH J. , DEMETRULIAS DIANA MAYER
Published: March 2007

The primary purpose of this descriptive study was to determine the characteristics of nonparental significant adults that university students recalled from when they were in grades K-12. University students are compared across groups and within groups according to age, gender, and ethnicity. Minority university students identify ethnically alike adults whereas Caucasians are selected second most often. Teachers and coaches as a group represent more than half of the nonrelated significant adults recalled. Nonparental significant adults recalled from the past appear to have important influence throughout the lifespan. The retrospective methodologies employed in this study generated data consistent with data collected from adolescents surveyed on similar topics during their youth.
Homeless Youths' Descriptions of their Parents' Child-Rearing Practices
Authors: KIPKE MICHELE D. , PALMER RAYMOND F. , LaFRANCE STEVEN , O'CONNOR SUSAN
Published: March 2007

The families of runaway and homeless youth have been characterized as having high levels of parent-child conflict and distress. This study explored homeless youths' perceptions of their parents' child-rearing practices. Youth (N = 409) were recruited from street and service sites using a stratified probability sampling design. Factor analysis conducted with 23 parenting descriptors revealed four distinct parenting styles: Supportive/Emotionally Available; Intrusive/Unavailable; Detached; and Problems With Drugs/Law. The implications of these findings and future research and service provision needs are discussed.
Race and Gender Differences in Theories of Sexual Behavior among Rural Adolescents Residing in AFDC Families
Authors: BENDA BRENT B. , CORWYN ROBERT FLYNN
Published: March 2007

This study of 414 adolescents who resided with rural Aid to Families With Dependent Children (AFDC) families in 10 counties of Arkansas was designed to determine what demographic and theoretical factors from control, strain, and social learning theories predicted sexual intercourse in the past year and lifetime sexual partners among African American and Caucasian females and males. Only among Caucasian females was support found for the hypothesis that attachment to mother is inversely related to experience of sexual intercourse in the past year. Among females of color, beliefs were inversely related to behavior. Results also showed that family support inhibits sexual intercourse among Caucasian females, that confidence that one can escape welfare dependency is associated with having no sexual partners among females of color, and that feelings of frustration are positively related to having had sexual intercourse. Theoretical implications of these and other findings are discussed.
11 September: Legitimizing Intelligence?
Authors: Herman Michael
Published: March 2007

Intelligence has evolved principally as the targeting of other states, and has thus posed its own security dilemma: the knowledge it produces encourages more responsible governmental behaviour, while its methods of secret collection reinforce inter-governmental antagonism or distrust. 11 September and the counter-terrorism following it have, however, accentuated the post-cold war trend to a new intelligence paradigm: targeting `non-state', `partial state' or `rogue state' entities rather than `decent' states; serving `good causes' rather than competitive national advantage; supporting multinational action in actions with international endorsement. As such it has gained increased legitimacy. More positive action is now needed to develop formal international intelligence machinery, not in collection but in analysis and assessment, as part of an extended security system; and to encourage objective intelligence as an input to national policy-making as a world standard of good governance. A necessary counterpoint is more restraint on intrusive intelligence collection against `decent', cooperating states.
Universality Biases
Authors: Hornstein Gail A. , Star Susan Leigh
Published: March 2007

This article analyzes the strategies and means by which universalist claims about human nature become successful in science. Of specific interest are the conditions under which claims of this sort are taken to be inherently superior to those which are particularistic or context-specific (a hierarchy of values which we term "universality bias"). We trace the birth of universalists claims in neglected fields, their growth through methodological agreements and the use of invisible referents, and their roots in multiple audiences with different evaluation criteria. Our analysis complements philosophical and political critiques of theories about human nature and demonstrates the historical specificity of universalist claims.