bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth and Nutritive Value of Perennial C3 Grasses in the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Coleman S. W. , Rao S. C. , Volesky J. D. , Phillips W. A.
Published: April 2010

Spring and fall gaps in forage production systems utilizing winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) forage in the southern Great Plains have led to an interest in additional resources such as C3 perennial grasses. We evaluated the potential of nine cool‐season perennial grass entries to fill the gap in forage production and nutritive value through the fall and spring seasons over 3 yr in Oklahoma. Yield of dry matter and crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) concentrations were regressed on days to determine daily changes. Following excellent growth in the spring of the establishment year, yields in the fall were less and declined markedly in 1997. Spring growth achieved the minimum amount of forage (1100 kg ha−1) for good animal productivity, with most exceeding 2500 kg ha−1 by 1 February in the first 2 yr. In general, nutritive value (CP and IVOMD) declined with maturity, but most entries were adequate through March each year, but seldom exceeded minimum requirements for 1 kg steer gain d−1 When herbage was sequentially removed (staged), subsequent regrowth was not different due to month of staging through March of each year, after which yield was significantly reduced. When fall moisture was adequate for wheat pasture, wheat yield and nutritive value were higher than any perennial grass, but when moisture was limited, yields of wheatgrasses (Thinopyrum spp.) generally exceeded those of wheat.
Seed Production Characteristics of Prairie Junegrass Germplasm Accessions
Authors: Clark Matthew D. , Watkins Eric
Published: April 2010

Prairie junegrass [Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Shult.] is a perennial, short‐grass prairie species distributed throughout the northern hemisphere. This species is known to require fewer inputs than other cool‐season turfgrasses and it demonstrates tolerance to many environmental stresses found in Minnesota. In June 2007, 48 K. macrantha accessions from the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) were grown and evaluated for seed production characteristics in 2 locations (St. Paul, MN, and Becker, MN). Significant variation was found among accessions for several seed production traits including harvest date, plant height, seedhead number, and seed yield. A significant correlation between seedhead number and seed yield was found, which can be utilized for indirect selection in the production nursery. Plant growth and seed yield were highest at the Becker location, demonstrating the species' preference for well‐drained soils. Flowering times were significantly different between the locations; however, there were no significant differences in the duration from seedhead emergence to harvest between the locations. Multivariate analysis did not reveal clustering of accessions based on geographic origin, suggesting a diversity of material within collection regions.
Characterization of Apomictic BC7 and BC8 Pearl Millet: Meiotic Chromosome Behavior and Construction of an ASGR‐carrier Chromosome‐specific Library
Authors: Singh M. , Conner J.A. , Zeng Y.‐J. , Hanna W. W. , Johnson V. E. , Ozias‐Akins P.
Published: April 2010

Apospory in Pennisetum squamulatum Fresen is inherited as a single‐locus dominant trait. Molecular analysis has identified the apospory‐specific genomic region (ASGR), a large segment of one chromosome that is necessary and sufficient to confer apomixis. To transfer apospory from P. squamulatum to pearl millet [P. glaucum (L.) R. Br.], advanced backcrosses were generated. Here we report the characterization of apomictic BC7 and BC8 generations. A BC7–derived genotype has two P. squamulatum chromosomes, while BC8–derived apomictic lines inherited only the ASGR chromosome that confers apospory to pearl millet. Morphologically, no significant differences were observed between backcross generations for plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and first internode and inflorescence lengths. However, the BC7 and BC8 lines differed significantly with regard to pollen viability, flowering time, and seed set. Pollen viability increased to 81% in the BC8 lines compared with 37% in BC7. The frequency of aposporous embryo sacs was lower in BC8 (79%) lines compared to BC7 (93%). Meiotic behavior of chromosomes during metaphase I and anaphase I showed that BC8 typically had a single univalent, identified as the ASGR chromosome by FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) and GISH (genomic in situ hybridization). Utilizing its unique behavior during meiosis the ASGR chromosome was microdissected and a chromosome‐specific library was constructed and sequenced. Analysis of sequences identified both novel and previously known ASGR‐linked sequences.
Forage Species and Stocking Rate Effects on Animal Performance and Herbage Responses of ‘Mulato’ and Bahiagrass Pastures
Authors: Inyang U. , Vendramini J. M. B. , Sollenberger L. E. , Sellers B. , Adesogan A. , Paiva L. , Lunpha A.
Published: April 2010

Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) is the most used forage for beef cattle (Bos sp.) in Florida; however, damage to bahiagrass pastures by mole cricket (Scapteriscus spp.) stimulated a search for other adapted grasses. The objective of this study was to test the effect of different stocking rates (SRs) on animal performance and herbage characteristics of ‘Mulato’ (Brachiaria sp.) and bahiagrass pastures. The experiment was conducted in Ona, FL, from May to September, 2007 and 2008. Treatments were three SRs (4, 8, and 12 heifers ha−1) and two forage species (Mulato and ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass). There was a linear decrease in herbage mass (from 5.9 to 3.2 Mg ha−1) and herbage allowance (from 2.8 to 0.6 kg dry matter kg−1 liveweight)with increasing SR. Mulato had greater in vitro digestible organic matter concentration than bahiagrass (675 vs. 534 g kg−1) but similar crude protein concentration (130 g kg−1). There was a linear decrease in average daily gain (from 0.49 to 0.22 kg d−1) and a quadratic response of liveweight gain ha−1 as SR increased (190, 353, and 217 kg ha−1 for SRs of 4, 8, and 12 heifers ha−1, respectively). Mulato has potential to be an alternative forage to bahiagrass for beef cattle producers in Florida.
Physiological Changes during Cold Acclimation of Perennial Ryegrass Accessions Differing in Freeze Tolerance
Authors: Hoffman Lindsey , DaCosta Michelle , Ebdon J. Scott , Watkins Eric
Published: April 2010

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a cool‐season turfgrass species that can exhibit significant freezing injury in northern climatic regions. The objective of this study was to quantify major physiological and biochemical changes occurring during the cold acclimation period in four perennial ryegrass accessions varying in freezing tolerance (two freezing‐tolerant accessions, TOL‐1 and TOL‐2, and two freezing‐susceptible accessions, SUS‐1 and SUS‐2). Plants were subjected to a cold acclimation period of 2°C for 21 d in a controlled environment chamber. Crown tissues were harvested at 0, 7, 14, and 21 d of acclimation for determination of proline, water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), and lipid composition. Leaf photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) was also measured weekly before plant sampling for biochemical components. In general, proline levels increased and Fv/Fm decreased during cold acclimation; however, there were no differences in proline accumulation or Fv/Fm among the accessions in response to cold acclimation. Water soluble carbohydrates significantly increased in response to 2°C, with TOL accessions (TOL‐1 and TOL‐2) accumulating higher WSC than SUS (SUS‐1 and SUS‐2) by 21 d of acclimation. There were also significant changes in major phospholipids classes at 2°C. Specifically, TOL‐2 exhibited a higher ratio of membrane stabilizing lipids and unsaturated fatty acid content compared to SUS‐1, SUS‐2, and TOL‐1 by 21 d of cold acclimation.
Wheat‐Rye T2BS·2BL‐2RL Recombinants with Resistance to Hessian Fly (H21)
Authors: Cainong J. C. , Zavatsky L. E. , Chen M. S. , Johnson J. , Friebe B. , Gill B. S. , Lukaszewski A. J.
Published: April 2010

Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is a destructive insect pest of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (T. turgidum L.) worldwide. Although 32 genes conferring resistance to Hessian fly have been identified, only a few genes are still effective in North America. A highly effective gene is H21, transferred to wheat from Chaupon rye via a whole‐arm wheat‐rye translocation T2BS·2R#2L. This translocation also carries a gene for field resistance to powdery mildew. To broaden the use of T2BS·2R#2L in wheat improvement, we attempted to reduce the length of the rye segment by recombination with another wheat‐rye translocation T2BS·2BL‐2R#2L. Recombination data indicated that the H21 locus was linked to the telomere; the powdery mildew locus was closely linked to the translocation breakpoint in T2BS·2BL‐2R#2L. Recovered short‐segment rye translocation chromosomes confer resistance to Hessian fly; however, no crossover event in the desirable configuration was recovered to produce a short‐segment wheat‐rye translocation with both H21 and the powdery mildew resistance gene. The T2BS·2BL‐2R#2L recombinant chromosome was transferred to adapted winter and spring wheat cultivars.
Breeding Behavior of Chromosomes 1R Cytogenetically Engineered for Breadmaking Quality in Hexaploid Triticale
Authors: Rabiza‐Swider Julita , Brzezinski Witold , Lukaszewski Adam J.
Published: April 2010

To create genetic potential for breadmaking quality improvement in triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), chromosome 1R was cytogenetically engineered to introduce wheat (here, Triticum turgidum var. durum L.) gluten loci while removing secalin loci. Each engineered chromosome is a wheat‐rye (Secale cereale L.) translocation with up to six translocation breakpoints. Consequently, these chromosomes may disassemble by crossing over with normal chromosomes. To determine their transmission rates through gametes and their recombination rates with normal 1R, they were tested in a wide range of genetic backgrounds over several years, both in standard sexual reproduction and in androgenic doubled haploids. Male transmission rates of all chromosomes were significantly lower than female and than random, which suggests reduced genetic compensation of translocations. Recombination frequencies in individual segments were similar to those observed during chromosome development. Reduced male transmission combined with recombination of the engineered chromosomes resulted in relatively low recovery rates of homozygotes on self‐pollination. The recovery rate of the chromosomes via androgenesis was no different than transmission via pollen in sexual reproduction, implying that normal chromosome 1R may be involved in the process of androgenesis. Overall, chromosome FC2 appeared to be the most suitable for breeding, as it most completely resolves the gluten issue while offering a reasonably high transmission rate and good stability over generations.
Multiplicative Mixed Models for Genetic Gain Assessment in Lupin Breeding
Authors: Stefanova Katia T. , Buirchell Bevan
Published: April 2010

Genetic gain is used as a long‐term measure of the efficiency of a breeding program. A spatial linear mixed model that includes a multiplicative mixed model (MMM) for the variety by environment (V×E) effect has been used for the analysis of 39 trials of 25 historical lupin varieties for the period of 1997 to 2006. The 25 varieties were produced by the Australian breeding effort from 1967 to 2007 and are a result from five cycles of breeding. Genetic gain was assessed on the basis of the overall performance of the varieties across all environments based on the MMM results. The genetic gain from the first early flowering variety, Unicrop, to the highest yielding variety, Mandelup, represents a yield gain of 81% over 31 yr. The varieties' yield stability across the environments and their broad or specific adaptations are discussed.
Effects of Sod Type, Irrigation, and Fertilization on Nitrate‐Nitrogen and Orthophosphate‐Phosphorus Leaching from Newly Established St. Augustinegrass Sod
Authors: Erickson John E. , Park Dara M. , Cisar John L. , Snyder George H. , Wright Alan L.
Published: April 2010

Nitrogen and P leaching losses from fertilized turfgrass remain an environmental concern. In the present study, we examined the effects of sod type, fertilization, and irrigation on turf quality, NO3–N and PO4–P leaching following St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] sod installation. Treatments included muck‐ vs. sand‐produced sod, no fertilization, fertilization with 4.9 g N m−2 at installation or at 30 d after installation (DAI), and routine irrigation or irrigation at stress from 30 to 60 DAI. Drainage was collected from lysimeters installed in each plot and analyzed for NO3–N and PO4–P to determine total leaching losses. Across all treatments, drainage averaged 290, 902, and 604 mm during each of the three trials. Fertilization at 30 DAI significantly reduced PO4–P leaching losses compared to fertilization at 0 DAI. Muck sod type significantly reduced the quantity of NO3–N leached. Muck sod also significantly reduced PO4–P leached and resulted in better turf quality in two of the three trials. In the context of minimizing nutrient leaching, these results support the use of muck‐grown sod established during low rainfall periods with fertilization delayed at least 30 DAI and with judicious use of irrigation.
Thermophysical Characterization of Genipap Pulp
Authors: da Silva Normane Mirele Chaves , Bonomo Renata Cristina Ferreira , Rodrigues Luciano Brito , Chaves Modesto Antonio , Fontan Rafael da Costa Ihéu , Bonomo Paulo , Landim Lucas Britto , Sampaio Vanessa Santos
Published: April 2010

The influence of temperature and water content on thermophysical properties (density, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity and specific heat) of genipap (Genipa americana, L) pulp at medium maturity were studied. The thermophysical properties were determined at concentrations between 6.0% m/m and 24.0% m/m of water content and temperatures range of 5 to 80°C. The density decreased with increase in temperature and water content, while the thermal diffusivity and conductivity increased as temperature and water content increased. The specific heat decreased with the moisture content. Empirical models were fitted to the experimental data for each property and the accuracy of those models was checked.
Editorial
Authors: Rusbridge Chris , Lyon Liz
Published: April 2010

Liz Lyon and Chris Rusbridge introduce the International Journal of Digital Curation.
A Grand Challenge: Immortal Information and Through-Life Knowledge Management (KIM)
Authors: Ball Alexander , Patel Manjula , McMahon Chris , Green Stuart , Clarkson John , Culley Steve
Published: April 2010

‘Immortal information and through-life knowledge management: strategies and tools for the emerging product-service business paradigm’, is a Grand Challenge project involving eleven different UK universities and incorporating substantial industry collaboration. It is investigating a range of issues associated with the move towards a product-service paradigm in the engineering sector, in particular the long-term curation of digital data, learning from production and use, and appropriate governance and management techniques.
Joint US-UK Digital Preservation Workshop, Washington, D.C., May 7-9, 2006
Authors: Day Michael , Hockx-Yu Helen
Published: April 2010

A report on an invitational workshop held in Washington, D.C. on the 7-9 May 2006; organised by the Joint Information Systems Committee and the US National Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program.
DCC Workshop Report: E-mail Curation: Practical Approaches for Long-term Preservation and Access, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, April 24 - 25, 2006
Authors: Pennock Maureen
Published: April 2010

A report on the Digital Curation Centre workshop held in Newcastle-upon-Tyne in April 2006 to explore practical approaches for managing, preserving and re-using e-mail records.
Key Stakeholders Pledge to a Strategic Approach to Preserve the Digital Records of Science
Authors: Tindemans Peter
Published: April 2010

An overview of how the hopes offered by digitisation turned into a problem when the explosion of formats and new technologies began to render material inaccessible and the way in which the Chairman sees the Task Force movng to address the challenge of preserving and accessing the record of science in the long term.
Developing Practical Approaches to Active Preservation
Authors: Brown Adrian
Published: April 2010

The National Archives is developing a range of practical solutions to the active preservation of electronic records, using an extensible service-oriented architecture and a central technical registry (PRONOM). This paper describes TNA’s methodologies for characterisation, preservation planning, and preservation action, the technologies being adopted to implement them, and the role of PRONOM in supporting these services. It describes how this approach fits with international research programmes, and the types of preservation service which TNA may be able to provide externally in the future.
“The Naming of Cats”: Automated Genre Classification
Authors: Kim Yunhyong , Ross Seamus
Published: April 2010

This paper builds on the work presented at the ECDL 2006 in automated genre classification as a step toward automating metadata extraction from digital documents for ingest into digital repositories such as those run by archives, libraries and eprint services (Kim & Ross, 2006b). We have previously proposed dividing features of a document into five types (features for visual layout, language model features, stylometric features, features for semantic structure, and contextual features as an object linked to previously classified objects and other external sources) and have examined visual and language model features. The current paper compares results from testing classifiers based on image and stylometric features in a binary classification to show that certain genres have strong image features which enable effective separation of documents belonging to the genre from a large pool of other documents.
Modelling OAIS Compliance for Disaggregated Preservation Services
Authors: Knight Gareth , Hedges Mark
Published: April 2010

The reference model for the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) is well established in the research community as a method of modelling the functions of a digital repository and as a basis in which to frame digital curation and preservation issues. In reference to the 5th anniversary review of the OAIS, it is timely to consider how it may be interpreted by an institutional repository. The paper examines methods of sharing essential functions and requirements of an OAIS between two or more institutions, outlining the practical considerations of outsourcing. It also details the approach taken by the SHERPA DP Project to introduce a disaggregated service model for institutional repositories that wish to implement preservation services.
The CASPAR Approach to Digital Preservation
Authors: Giaretta David
Published: April 2010

A description of some of the fundamental concepts in CASPAR as well as the metrics by which CASPAR believes that it, and other projects which claim to aid the practice of digital preservation, should be judged.
Digital Curation Centre – Phase Two
Authors: Hockx-Yu Helen
Published: April 2010

An overview of the Digital Curation Centre since its establishment in 2004, including accomplishments of Phase One, aims and objectives of Phase Two, and how DCC relates to JISC strategy.
Curation: A Global Collaborative Challenge
Authors: Robinson Bridget
Published: April 2010

This article provides some background to the Digital Curation Centre and concentrates on a brief overview of the aims of the 3rd International Digital Curation Conference to be held in Washington, D.C. this December, together with information on the array of prominent speakers.
On the singularities of multiple L-functions
Authors: Zaharescu Alexandru , Zaki Mohammad
Published: April 2010

We investigate the singularities of a class of multiple L-functions considered by Akiyama and Ishikawa [2].
Stable bundles on hypercomplex surfaces
Authors: Moraru Ruxandra , Verbitsky Misha
Published: April 2010

A hypercomplex manifold is a manifold equipped with three complex structures I, J, K satisfying the quaternionic relations. Let M be a 4-dimensional compact smooth manifold equipped with a hypercomplex structure, and E be a vector bundle on M. We show that the moduli space of anti-self-dual connections on E is also hypercomplex, and admits a strong HKT metric. We also study manifolds with (4,4)-supersymmetry, that is, Riemannian manifolds equipped with a pair of strong HKT-structures that have opposite torsion. In the language of Hitchin’s and Gualtieri’s generalized complex geometry, (4,4)-manifolds are called “generalized hyperkähler manifolds”. We show that the moduli space of anti-self-dual connections on M is a (4,4)-manifold if M is equipped with a (4,4)-structure.
From factorizations of noncommutative polynomials to combinatorial topology
Authors: Retakh Vladimir
Published: April 2010

This is an extended version of a talk given by the author at the conference “Algebra and Topology in Interaction” on the occasion of the 70th Anniversary of D.B. Fuchs at UC Davis in September 2009. It is a brief survey of an area originated around 1995 by I. Gelfand and the speaker.
Multivalued fractals in b-metric spaces
Authors: Boriceanu Monica , Bota Marius , Petruşel Adrian
Published: April 2010

Fractals and multivalued fractals play an important role in biology, quantum mechanics, computer graphics, dynamical systems, astronomy and astrophysics, geophysics, etc. Especially, there are important consequences of the iterated function (or multifunction) systems theory in several topics of applied sciences. It is known that examples of fractals and multivalued fractals are coming from fixed point theory for single-valued and multivalued operators, via the so-called fractal and multi-fractal operators. On the other hand, the most common setting for the study of fractals and multi-fractals is the case of operators on complete or compact metric spaces. The purpose of this paper is to extend the study of fractal operator theory for multivalued operators on complete b-metric spaces.
Non-self mappings in modular spaces and common fixed point theorems
Authors: Razani Abdolrahman , Rakočević Valdimir , Goodarzi Zahraa
Published: April 2010

The aim of this paper, is to introduce the convex structure (specially, Takahashi convex structure) on modular spaces. Moreover, we are interested in proving some common fixed point theorems for non-self mappings in modular space.
On q-Szász-Durrmeyer operators
Authors: Mahmudov Nazim , Kaffaoğlu Havva
Published: April 2010

In the present paper, we introduce the q-Szász-Durrmeyer operators and justify a local approximation result for continuous functions in terms of moduli of continuity. We also discuss a Voronovskaya type result for the q-Szász-Durrmeyer operators.
Fresh Osteochondral Allografting for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Görtz Simon , De Young Allison J. , Bugbee William D.
Published: April 2010

Background: Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) are relatively common sequelae of traumatic injuries involving the talus. We report on clinical outcomes of osteochondral allografting (OCA) of the talus for refractory, symptomatic OLT. Materials and Methods: OCA was performed in 12 ankles in 11 patients with OLT. All involved partial, unipolar grafts of the talar dome, implanted through an anterior approach without osteotomy, under temporary distraction. Clinical evaluation was performed utilizing the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS). Subjective outcome measures included patient questionnaires evaluating pain, function, and satisfaction. Eleven patients (seven males, four females) had a mean age of 35.5 (range, 26 to 57) years. One patient had bilateral involvement. Six OLT affected the medial, six the lateral talar dome. Patients had an average of 1.8 previous surgeries (range, 1 to 5). Mean followup was 38 (range, 24 to 107) months. Results: Mean OMAS improved from 28 to 71 points ( p < 0.05). Three had further surgery; overall graft survival rate was 10/12. Of surviving grafts, 30% recorded excellent (OMAS: 100 to 91 points), 20% good (OMAS: 90 to 61 points), 30% fair (OMAS: 60 to 31 points), and 20% poor (OMAS: 30 to 0 points) outcomes. All non-failing patients completed questionnaires; 90% were satisfied, 80% reported reduced pain, and 60% improved function. Conclusion: OCA achieved good to excellent results in five of 12 patients, resulting in significant improvement in function and pain with good patient satisfaction. All but one patient avoided arthrodesis. Partial talus OCA is a reasonable treatment option for appropriately selected patients with unipolar OLT.

Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Comparison of Distal Chevron Osteotomy With and Without Lateral Soft Tissue Release for the Treatment of Hallux Valgus
Authors: Lee Ho-Jin , Chung Jin-Wha , Chu In-Tak , Kim Yoon-Chung
Published: April 2010

Background: A lateral soft tissue release is often performed with distal chevron osteotomy for the correction of hallux valgus deformities. However, many complications of lateral soft tissue release have been reported. To define the necessity of lateral soft tissue release, the authors compared the clinical and radiographic results of distal chevron osteotomy with and without it. Materials and Methods: 86 consecutive patients (152 feet) were enrolled in this prospective study. In Group A, 45 patients (74 feet) underwent a chevron osteotomy with lateral soft tissue release. In Group B, 41 patients (78 feet) underwent a chevron osteotomy without it. Mean followup was 1.7 years and 2.1 years, respectively. The hallux valgus angle (HVA) and intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and AOFAS score were measured preoperatively, and 1-year followup postoperatively and complications were evaluated. Results: The change in HVA, IMA and AOFAS score were insignificant ( p > 0.05) between Group A and Group B, however, the range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was significantly less in Group A ( p < 0.05). Complications of digital neuritis and cosmetically dissatisfied scarring of the dorsal web space were seen only in Group A. No cases had avascular necrosis of the metatarsal head, malunion or nonunion. Conclusions: Lateral soft tissue release may not be needed for mild or moderate hallux valgus deformities which may prevent decreased range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, neuritis of dorsal or plantar lateral digital nerve and cosmetic dissatisfaction of a dorsal scar.

Level of Evidence: II, Prospective Comparative Study
Comparative Functional Analysis of Two Different Achilles Tendon Surgical Repairs
Authors: Quagliarella Livio , Sasanelli Nicola , Notarnicola Angela , Belgiovine Giuseppe , Moretti Lorenzo , Moretti Biagio
Published: April 2010

Background: A number of different surgical procedures have been developed to treat Achilles tendon injuries including open and mini-invasive type. The aim of the present work was to compare the functional outcome of two different techniques, applying a clinical and instrumented protocol. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one subjects were enrolled in the study. The experimental group consisted of 34 patients with a ruptured Achilles tendon, 19 operated by open surgical reconstruction without reinforcement (Open Group), while 15 underwent a mini-invasive procedure (Mini-invasive Group); the Control Group consisted of 17 healthy subjects. The assessment was based on the standing vertical jump, in both countermovement jump and squat jump mode, studying the relative flight times and the coordination of movement of each limb. An accelerometer was fastened to each ankle to obtain an independent assessment of the movement of each limb. Results: The surgically treated patients showed a comparable functional performance to that of the Control Group but despite this full recovery they showed a tendency to “favor” the affected limb. This finding was more marked in the Mini-invasive Group. The Control Group invariably showed better coordination of the movement of the two limbs than the two experimental groups. This was particularly apparent in the take-off phase, indicated by asymmetrical push-off of the two limbs. Conclusion: The jumping evaluation used in this study resulted in similar results between the open and the mini-invasive techniques.

Level of Evidence: III, Retrospective Comparative Study
Minimally Invasive Distraction Technique for Prone Posterior Ankle and Subtalar Arthroscopy
Authors: Beals Timothy C. , Junko Jeffrey T. , Amendola Annunziato , Nickisch Florian , Saltzman Charles L.
Published: April 2010

Background: Prone ankle and subtalar arthroscopy is challenging in part due to the limited working space in these joints. Materials and Methods: Fourteen patients undergoing prone posterior arthroscopy with a novel skeletal traction method were reviewed and the technique detailed. Results: No complications were observed in 14 patients treated with a minimally invasive skeletal traction technique for prone ankle and subtalar arthroscopy and 38 patients treated with the same traction device during supine ankle arthroscopy. Conclusion: Minimally invasive skeletal traction can be used safely for prone posterior ankle and subtalar arthroscopy.

Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Arteriovenous Fistula and Pseudoaneurysm of the Posterior Tibial Artery After Calcaneal Slide Osteotomy: A Case Report
Authors: Doty Jesse F. , Alvarez Richard G. , Asbury Brandon S. , Rudd Joseph N. , Baxter William B.
Published: April 2010

Level of Evidence: V, Expert Opinion
Chondroid Syringoma: Case Report of a Highly Unusual Foot Tumor
Authors: Beals Timothy C. , Nickisch Florian , Teman Carolin , Florell Scott R. , Layfield Lester J.
Published: April 2010

Level of Evidence: V, Expert Opinion
Irreducible Dislocation of the Metatarsophalangeal Joints of the Fourth and Fifth Toes: A Case Report and Anatomical Study
Authors: Hibino Naohito , Amari Rui , Aoki Masato , Yoshizumi Yusuke , Hamada Daisuke , Imada Koichi
Published: April 2010

Level of Evidence: V, Expert Opinion
Positioning Technique for Combined Anterior, Lateral, and Posterior Ankle and Hindfoot Procedures: Technique Tip
Authors: Hampton Chadwick B. , Shawen Scott B. , Keeling John J.
Published: April 2010

Level of Evidence: V, Expert Opinion
L'approche ethnographique comme méthodologie de recherche dans l'examen du processus de construction identitaire
Authors: Gérin-Lajoie Diane
Published: April 2010

Dans le présent article, je tenterai de montrer que la recherche qualitative de type ethnographique constitue un outil des plus ap-propriés pour étudier le processus de construction identitaire et les pratiques langagières, en ce qu'elle se prête à l'analyse microsociologique. L'ethno-graphie permet en effet de mettre en lumière la complexité du processus de construction identitaire et des pratiques langagières qui s'y rattachent. Contrairement au courant positiviste de recherche qui privilégie davantage les études à grande échelle et l'expérimentation, elle s'intéresse aux expériences de vie quotidienne des individus et permet ainsi de mieux comprendre les pratiques sociales existantes. C'est à partir du discours des individus engagés dans ces pratiques que l'analyse s'effectue. Dans le but de démontrer la pertinence de cette approche méthodologique, je présenterai une étude ethnographique menée entre 1997 et 2000 auprès d'un groupe d'adolescents et d'adolescentes fréquentant l'école secondaire de langue française en Ontario. L'étude portait sur la façon dont se positionnent ces jeunes en ce qui a trait à l'identité. L'analyse avait pour principaux objets les pratiques langagières de ces adolescents et adolescentes ainsi que leur rapport à la langue dans les sphères suivantes: la famille, l'école, les amies et amis de même que le milieu de travail.
Early Identification of At-Risk L2 Readers
Authors: MacCoubrey Sharon , Wade-Woolley Lesly , Klinger Don , Kirby John
Published: April 2010

The present study examined which measures best identify English-speaking French immersion (FI) students at risk of future reading difficulties in French and English. Using reading scores taken in both languages at the end of Grade 1 and beginning of Grade 2, typical and poor reader groups were identified. Measures taken at the beginning of Grade 1 in tasks evaluating phonological abilities in English were used to determine group membership. Predictive discriminant analysis showed that performance on phoneme blending and sound isolation tasks identified poor and typical readers in English, while phoneme blending, sound isolation, and Rapid Naming identified poor and typical readers in French. These results can be used to identify new cases for the purpose of early reading interventions.
The Link Between Academic Success and L2 Proficiency in the Context of Two Professional Programs
Authors: Bayliss Doreen , Raymond Patricia
Published: April 2010

This article reports on two studies conducted at the same university, one investigating the link between ESL scores on an advanced ESL test and the grade point average (GPA) obtained over two semesters and the other investigating the link between French second language (FSL) scores on an advanced L2 test and both the number of courses failed and the first semester GPA. Graham's (1987) review of the literature pointed out the problems associated with research that attempts to delineate the relationship between language proficiency and academic performance, including the nature of the measures used to define L2 proficiency; the definition of academic success, especially when the GPA reported may be based on unequal numbers of courses or on dissimilar courses; and the possible influence of other variables in determining academic success. Language proficiency in our two studies consisted of measures of listening (FSL only), reading comprehension, and writing ability based on communicative principles previously validated in other work. The participants in the ESL study were 34 overseas Chinese students who had all participated in a pre-study English for Academic Purposes (EAP) program and were subsequently enrolled in a Master of Business Administration (MBA) program, where they were tracked for 18 months. Those in the French study were Canadian L1 and L2 French speakers (N = 100, N = 36) enrolled in a three-year program in civil law. In both programs, all students took the same courses. In the ESL study, other data were obtained from interviews with professors and students, a questionnaire on reading practices, and final exam marks. In the FSL study, comparisons were made between L1 and L2 profiles on the measures outlined above and the students' incoming college grades. From these data it has been possible to provide more complete answers regarding the relationship of language proficiency to academic success than was possible in much previous work.
Comprehension Monitoring in First and Second Language Reading
Authors: Morrison Louise
Published: April 2010

This paper reports the results of a cross-lingual study on the role of comprehension monitoring in L1 (English) and L2 (French) reading proficiency. Fifty-two undergraduate students from two FSL backgrounds, French immersion (FI) and core French (CF), were given reading comprehension tests as well a monitoring task in both languages. Results showed that successful monitoring, as measured by error detection performance at the discourse and propositional levels, transfers across languages, and that monitoring performance is highly correlated with reading proficiency in both languages. Though students with a FI background performed significantly better at L2 propositional-level monitoring, there was no difference between the FI and CF students in any other aspect of the monitoring tasks. Finally, with respect to the variables that best predicted L2 reading comprehension, there appeared to be important differences between the FI and CF students who participated in this study.
Second Language Acquisition as Situated Practice: Task Accomplishment in the French Second Language Classroom
Authors: Mondada Lorenza , Doehler Simona
Published: April 2010

This article provides an empirically based perspective on the contribution of conversation analysis (CA) and sociocultural theory to our understanding of learners' second language (L2) practices within what we call a strong socio-interactionist perspective. It explores the interactive (re)configuration of tasks in French second language classrooms. Stressing that learning is situated in learners' social, and therefore profoundly interactional, practices, we investigate how tasks are not only accomplished but also collaboratively (re)organized by learners and teachers, leading to various configurations of classroom talk and structuring specific opportunities for learning. The analysis of L2 classroom interactions at basic and advanced levels shows how the teacher's instructions are reflexively redefined within courses of action and how thereby the learner's emerging language competence is related to other (interactional, institutional, sociocultural) competencies. Discussing the results in the light of recent analyses of the indexical and grounded dimensions of everyday and experimental tasks allows us to broaden our understanding of competence and situated cognition in language learning.
Intégration de la grammaire dans l'enseignement des langues secondes: le cas des exercices grammaticaux
Authors: Jean Gladys
Published: April 2010

Le présent article décrit une étude quasi-expérimentale qui visait à explorer le rôle d'un enseignement explicite de la grammaire dans l'apprentissage du français langue seconde, et plus précisément l'effet de différents types d'exercices grammaticaux. Pour ce faire, un groupe d'apprenants du secondaire du programme régulier a été exposé, dans le cadre d'une séquence d'enseignement à buts communicatifs, à des exercices où il devait comprendre le sens du message afin de pouvoir utiliser le conditionnel; l'autre groupe a reçu des exercices de type mécanique où il devait manipuler la forme sans avoir à s'attarder au sens. Les habiletés des deux groupes à manipuler le conditionnel ont été comparées à l'aide, entre autres, d'un prétest et d'un post-test. L'étude avait aussi comme but secondaire de vérifier, à l'aide d'un questionnaire, si les exercices combinant la forme et le sens portaient une charge cognitive plus importante que les exercices axés uniquement sur la forme.
Learning to Speak Everyday (Canadian) French
Authors: Nadasdi Terry , Mougeon Raymond , Rehner Katherine
Published: April 2010

This article examines the sociolinguistic competence of French immersion students. We first present an overview of the range of variation found in L1 speech and make a distinction between vernacular, informal, formal, and hyper-formal variants. We then compare the use of these forms in the speech of Canadian francophones and Grade 9 and 12 students enrolled in a French immersion program. Our analysis shows that the immersion students' sociolinguistic competence is lacking in that they rarely or never use vernacular and informal variants and overuse forms that are formal or hyper-formal. In order to address this shortcoming, we propose a pedagogical methodology for improving students' sociolinguistic competence, concentrating in particular on the need to increase students' use of informal variants (e.g., ne deletion and /l/ deletion) and to decrease their use of hyper-formal ones (e.g., the verb habiter and subject pronoun nous).
Identification of Peanut Stripe Virus Resistance in Wild Arachis Germplasm1,,2
Authors: Rao R. D. V. J. Prasada , Reddy A. S. , Chakrabarty S. K. , Reddy D. V. R. , Rao V. R. , Moss J. P.
Published: April 2010

Fifty four wild Arachis germplasm accessions were evaluated for resistance to peanut stripe virus (PStV) by mechanical, aphid, and graft inoculations. Three weeks after inoculation, inoculated and subsequently produced leaflets of each entry were tested for PStV presence by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Peanut accessions in the section Arachis, A. cardenasii [ICG 11558 (PI 475998)] could not be infected by mechanical, aphid, and graft transmission tests, while A. chacoense [ICG 4983 (PI 276235)], A. cardenasii [ICG 11562 (PI 476012) and ICG 12168 (PI 476013)] and accessions of section Erectoides, A. sp. [ICG 11560 (PI 476004) and ICG 8215 (PI 468170)] and A. paraguariensis [ICG 8973 (PI 468176)], were infected by grafting, but not by aphid and mechanical inoculations.
Relations Between Leaf Area Index and Growth Characteristics of Florunner, Southern Runner, and Sunrunner Peanut1
Authors: Davis David P. , Mack Timothy P.
Published: April 2010

Growth characteristics of three commonly planted peanut cultivars were measured during the 1988 and 1989 growing seasons at the Wiregrass Substation in Headland, Ala., to develop equations for predicting leaf area index (LAI) from other growth varibales. These equations were needed to allow rapid estimation of leaf area loss from foliar-feeding insects or foliar-fungal pathogens. Conventionally planted and tilled fields of Florunner, Sunrunner and Southern Runner peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were sampled for plant vegetative stage, reproductive stage, height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf dry weight, number of pods, pod dry weight, stem dry weight, and stand density. Most growth characteristics increased linearly (p<0.05) with time in both years. LAI was significantly correlated (P<0.05) with most growth variables for each cultivar. Linear regression was used to create equations for prediction of LAI from leaf dry weight (range of R2 = 0.93 to 0.97) and number of leaves (range of R2 = 0.74 to 0.95) for each cultivar, and all cultivars combined. Equations were also developed to predict LAI from plant height (range of R2 = 0.85 to 0.96) and plant vegetative stage (range of R2 = 0.81 to 0.83). These equations should be useful to those who wish to estimate LAI from other growth variables.
Effects of Application Timing and Method on Control of Southern Stem Rot of Peanut With Foliar-Applied Fungicides1
Authors: Hagan A. K. , Weeks J. R. , Bowen K.
Published: April 2010

Foliar-applied flutolanil, diniconazole, tebuconazole, and propiconazole were compared to granular PCNB for the control of southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) and their effects on yield of peanut in 1988 and 1989 in southeastern Alabama. Numbers of stem rot loci were significantly decreased and yields were increased in plots treated with banded and broadcast applications of flutolanil, diniconazole, and tebucnzole. While yields of flutolanil-, diniconazole-, and tebuconazole-treated plots were significantly higher than the PCNB-treated plots, efficacy of these fungicides in controlling southern stem rot differed only in one of two years. Banded applications of flutolanil gave similar disease control but yielded less than broadcast applications of the same fungicide. Disease control and yield response with propiconazole was comparable to that obtained with PCNB in one of two years and proved far less efficacious against stem rot than the other fungicides evaluated.
The Influence of Planting and Digging Dates on Yield, Value, and Grade of Four Virginia-type Peanut Cultivars1
Authors: Mozingo R. Walton , Coffelt Terry A. , Wright F. Scott
Published: April 2010

Obtaining maximum yield, value, and grade of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by deciding the correct planting and digging date of various cultivars is a complex management decision. The influence of planting and digging dates on four large-seeded virginia-type cultivars was determined in a non-irrigated field study at the Tidewater Agricultural Experiment Station in Suffolk, Virginia, from 1983 through 1986. Florigiant, NC 7, NC 9, and VA 81B cultivars were planted at four 10-day intervals beginning about 23 April and harvested at five 10-day intervals beginning about 12 September. Significant differences occurred among cultivars and digging dates each year. NC 7 produced the highest yield, value, extra large kernels, and total kernels. Later digging dates produced higher yield, value, total kernels, and extra large kernels in 1983. The same was true in 1984 through digging date four when the yield and value declined for the fifth digging, while grade characteristics remained the same as digging date four. No significant changes in yield or value occurred after the second digging date in 1986 (22 September); however, total kernels and extra large kernels increased through the fourth digging date. Planting date affected yield only in 1983 (under moisture stress conditions) when each 10-day delay in planting after 29 April resulted in reduced yield and value, while in 1984 the earliest planting date of 20 April (under adverse weather conditions) was the lowest in yield and value. Significant digging date × planting date, digging date × cultivar, and planting date × cultivar interactions were obtained. These results indicate that cultivar selection and digging dates are more important than planting dates in normal years. However, since environmental stress conditions cannot be anticipated, early planting dates would seem to be an advantage when soil temperatures and moisture levels are conducive to good germination and seedling growth.
Alternate Tillage Practices for Peanut Production in Virginia
Authors: Wright F. S.
Published: April 2010

This study compared alternate tillage practices for peanut production. The influence of these alternate tillage practices on peanut yield, crop value, and grade factors were evaluated. Alternate tillage practices consisted of a power-driven rotary tiller or rolling cultivators with planters attached. Tillage and planting were performed simultaneously immediately following moldboard plowing. This was compared to the conventional practice of moldboard plowing in late March, and two disking operations prior to planting. Results indicated approximately a 10% increase in peanut yield and crop value for the alternate tillage treatments as compared to the conventional treatment. Although not determined in this study, the alternate tillage practices have the potential to reduce soil compaction, reduce the potential of soil erosion, and reduce land preparation input costs.
Immunological Characterization of a 36kD Polypeptide in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Shokarii E. H. , Esen A. , Mozingo R. W.
Published: April 2010

Antiserum against a 36 kD polypeptide (a subunit of arachin) that occurs in poor blanching peanuts was prepared. This antiserum was of high titer but was not monospecific for the homologous 36 kD anitgen; it showed cross-reactivity with other peanut proteins. The antiserum was adsorbed by the whole seed protein fraction of a good blanching cultivar to render it monospecific. The adsorbed antiserum could accurately differentiate the protein extracts from good blanching and poor blanching peanuts when tested by the enzyme linked immounosorbent assay (ELISA) and by immunoblotting. Time course studies of protein deposition during seed development revealed that the 36 kD polypeptide was present from the early stages of embryogenesis. In addition, it was present in all parts of the cotyledon and not limited to the surface of seed. Although the function of the 36 kD polypeptide is not known, our results indicate that its presence can be detected uising immunological assays.