bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic Application of Polymers in Removing Pharmaceuticals from Water: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Armaković Sanja J. , Armaković Stevan , Savanović Maria M.
Published: July 2024

This comprehensive review covers recent advancements in utilizing various types of polymers and their modifications as photocatalysts for the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants from water. It also considers polymers that enhance the photocatalytic properties of other materials, highlighting their dual role in improving water purification efficiency. Over the past decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the photocatalytic properties of polymers, including organic, inorganic, and composite materials, and their efficacy in degrading pharmaceuticals. Some of the most commonly used polymers, such as polyaniline, poly(p-phenylene vinylene), polyethylene oxide, and polypyrole, and their properties have been reviewed in detail. Physical modification techniques (mechanical blending and extrusion processing) and chemical modification techniques (nanocomposite formation, plasma modification techniques, surface functionalization, and cross-linking) have been discussed as appropriate for modifying polymers in order to increase their photocatalytic activity. This review examines the latest research findings, including the development of novel polymer-based photocatalysts and their application in the removal of pharmaceutical compounds, as well as optimization strategies for enhancing their performance. Additionally, challenges and future directions in this field are discussed to guide further research efforts.
Assessment of Micellar Water pH and Product Claims
Authors: Skadiņa Dēna , Nokalna Ināra , Balcere Alise
Published: July 2024

Micellar waters are widely used skincare cleansing products. It is commonly considered that micellar waters do not need to be rinsed off. Products left on the skin can affect its pH, which typically ranges from 4.1 to 5.8. and plays a vital role in maintaining the integrity of the skin barrier. Our objective was to evaluate the pH of micellar waters and investigate product claims, and differences according to target skin type. The pH of 30 samples of different micellar waters was tested. The products were categorized into groups based on target skin type. Statistical analysis was performed on both quantitative and qualitative data. In addition to descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk test, Fischer’s Exact test, and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used considering the minimal significance level of 95%. The pH of the tested micellar waters ranged from 4.25 to 7.87. Most samples, 21 (70%), claimed to have a no-rinse formula. Most products, 18 (60%), also reported some type of testing having been performed. There were no statistically significant differences in pH between target skin types but products “for all skin types” were the most likely to lack rinsing instructions. In conclusion, most micellar water samples had skin-friendly pH levels and providers should carefully consider product characteristics for patients with skin conditions.
Emotional Eating Is Associated with T2DM in an Urban Turkish Population: A Pilot Study Utilizing Social Media
Authors: Kristo Aleksandra S. , İzler Kübra , Grosskopf Liel , Kerns Jordan J. , Sikalidis Angelos K.
Published: July 2024

Lifestyle behaviors and their potential effects on diabetes are being investigated for optimal diabetes management. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the necessary dietary modifications extend to psychological components for consideration. This study aimed to determine the eating behavior of T2DM patients with different sociodemographic characteristics in an urban Turkish population. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) was distributed via social media and a smartphone application to 108 T2DM patients, 58 males and 50 females, age 26–40 years (20 individuals, 18.6%) and over 40 years (88 individuals, 81.4 %). Basic component factor analysis varimax rotation was used for the item-total correlation coefficient. The 26–40 years age group exhibited high correlation for both restrained and emotional eating behavior (r > 0.8), while participants over 40 years displayed medium correlation for restrained eating and high correlation for emotional eating (r = 0.6–0.8). Compared to married and single participants, participants with “other” marital status showed significant correlation with all eating behavior categories (r > 0.8). Married participants were less correlated with all categories compared to single participants. Participants with lower education levels exhibited high correlation (r > 0.8) for all forms of eating, more so compared to those with higher levels of education attained. Overweight patients demonstrated moderately high (r = 0.4–0.6) restrictive eating correlation, while normal weight and obese patients exhibited higher correlation (r = 0.6–0.8) for emotional and restrained eating compared to overweight patients. Regardless of demographic factors, when all participants were combined, the strongest correlation was found to be with emotional eating compared to other types of eating.
The Preoperative Factors for the Undercorrection of Myopia in an Extend Depth-of-Focus Intraocular Lens: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Lee Chia-Yi , Chen Hung-Chi , Lian Ie-Bin , Huang Chin-Te , Huang Jing-Yang , Yang Shun-Fa , Chang Chao-Kai
Published: July 2024

We aim to investigate the potential risk factors for undercorrection in those who have received extend depth-of-focus (EDOF) intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. A retrospective case-control study was conducted in which patients who had received one type of EDOF IOL implantation were included. The patients were divided into the residual group and non-residual group according to the final postoperative sphere power. The preoperative data include the refractive, topographic, endothelial, and biometric parameters obtained. A generalized linear model was generated to yield the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of each parameter of the residual myopia. One month postoperatively, the UDVA was better in the non-residual group than in the residual group (p = 0.010), and the final SE was significantly higher in the residual group than in the non-residual group (p < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, the high preoperative cycloplegia sphere power, higher TCRP, higher corneal cylinder power, and longer AXL significantly correlated to the presence of postoperative residual myopia (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, the higher preoperative cycloplegia sphere power, higher TCRP, higher corneal cylinder power, longer AXL, larger ACD, and larger WTW were significantly associated with postoperative residual myopia in the high-myopia population (all p < 0.001), while the higher preoperative cycloplegia sphere power, higher TCRP, and longer AXL were related to postoperative residual myopia in the low-myopia population (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, high preoperative myopia and corneal refractive power correlate to high risk of residual myopia after EDOF IOL implantation, especially in the high-myopia population.
Deep Cascade of Convolutional Neural Networks for Quantification of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in the Basal Ganglia in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Chae Seunghye , Yang Ehwa , Moon Won-Jin , Kim Jae-Hun
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we present a cascaded deep convolution neural network (CNN) for assessing enlarged perivascular space (ePVS) within the basal ganglia region using T2-weighted MRI. Enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVSs) are potential biomarkers for various neurodegenerative disorders, including dementia and Parkinson’s disease. Accurate assessment of ePVS is crucial for early diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. Our approach first utilizes an ePVS enhancement CNN to improve ePVS visibility and then employs a quantification CNN to predict the number of ePVSs. The ePVS enhancement CNN selectively enhances the ePVS areas without the need for additional heuristic parameters, achieving a higher contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of 113.77 compared to Tophat, Clahe, and Laplacian-based enhancement algorithms. The subsequent ePVS quantification CNN was trained and validated using fourfold cross-validation on a dataset of 76 participants. The quantification CNN attained 88% accuracy at the image level and 94% accuracy at the subject level. These results demonstrate significant improvements over traditional algorithm-based methods, highlighting the robustness and reliability of our deep learning approach. The proposed cascaded deep CNN model not only enhances the visibility of ePVS but also provides accurate quantification, making it a promising tool for evaluating neurodegenerative disorders. This method offers a novel and significant advancement in the non-invasive assessment of ePVS, potentially aiding in early diagnosis and targeted treatment strategies.
AI in Radiology: Navigating Medical Responsibility
Authors: Contaldo Maria Teresa , Pasceri Giovanni , Vignati Giacomo , Bracchi Laura , Triggiani Sonia , Carrafiello Gianpaolo
Published: July 2024

The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) facilitates medical activities by automating routine tasks for healthcare professionals. AI augments but does not replace human decision-making, thus complicating the process of addressing legal responsibility. This study investigates the legal challenges associated with the medical use of AI in radiology, analyzing relevant case law and literature, with a specific focus on professional liability attribution. In the case of an error, the primary responsibility remains with the physician, with possible shared liability with developers according to the framework of medical device liability. If there is disagreement with the AI’s findings, the physician must not only pursue but also justify their choices according to prevailing professional standards. Regulations must balance the autonomy of AI systems with the need for responsible clinical practice. Effective use of AI-generated evaluations requires knowledge of data dynamics and metrics like sensitivity and specificity, even without a clear understanding of the underlying algorithms: the opacity (referred to as the “black box phenomenon”) of certain systems raises concerns about the interpretation and actual usability of results for both physicians and patients. AI is redefining healthcare, underscoring the imperative for robust liability frameworks, meticulous updates of systems, and transparent patient communication regarding AI involvement.
Using Mixed Reality in the Educational Practice: An Inquiry-Based Process of the Fluid Expansion–Contraction Phenomena by Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Mitrakas Nikolaos , Tsihouridis Charilaos , Vavougios Denis
Published: July 2024

Students often find it difficult to understand phenomena of everyday life that occur in the natural world, such as the phenomenon of expansion and contraction of liquids, in which there are many misinterpretations. To address this difficulty, this paper suggests another perspective on the didactic approach based on Mixed Reality, the attunement of the two worlds, the virtual and the real, and examines its effectiveness in teaching the phenomenon of fluid expansion. The main pillar of the educational process is teachers and the practices they use in the teaching process. For this reason, the sample of this survey consisted of 54 University students and prospective elementary education teachers. The mixed research approach was followed to collect the data. Through a Mixed Reality environment, using HoloLens 2, students followed a well-structured scenario and worksheets and observations to investigate the phenomenon of expansion/contraction of different fluids. The results demonstrate that through the interaction and direct feedback of the Mixed Reality environment, students gained a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. At the same time, the device was characterized as a particularly useful educational tool that should be accessible to all students for a better familiarization with complex scientific data.
Development of a Drawing Set for the Achievement Emotions Adjective List (DS-AEAL): Preliminary Data on a Pictorial Instrument for Children
Authors: Raccanello Daniela , Burro Roberto
Published: July 2024

This work investigated the goodness of a Drawing Set for assessing children’s achievement emotions, to be used together with a short form of the Achievement Emotions Adjective List (DS-AEAL). We considered control-value theory as the main theoretical framework. In Study 1, we developed a set of 10 drawings of faces representing enjoyment, pride, hope, relief, relaxation, anxiety, anger, shame, sadness, and boredom, involving 259 adults as raters. In Study 2, we administered a matching task and a labelling task to 89 adults. The results supported the goodness of the correspondence between the DS-AEAL and the verbal labels. In Study 3, we proposed the same tasks to 192 7-year-olds and 10-year-olds. We found age differences, with lower performance for younger children in line with their less-developed abilities in recognition and recall. Overall, recognition and recall were better for primary compared to secondary emotions. Notwithstanding their preliminary nature, our results support the goodness of the DS-AEAL to assess achievement emotions in various learning contexts, together with the corresponding verbal labels. It can satisfy research and educational purposes, primarily in academic contexts such as the school, where reliable, valid, and easy-to-administer methods are essential.
Predictive Control of Trajectory Tracking for Flapping-Wing Aircraft Based on Linear Active Disturbance Rejection
Authors: Li Hao , Gao Hui , Geng Zhiyao , Yang Yang
Published: July 2024

This article discusses the problem of controlling the trajectory of a flapping-wing aircraft in the face of external disturbances. As the applications for flapping-wing aircraft have diversified, the external disturbances to which the system is exposed have become more complex. Existing control methods have difficulty with effectively counteracting these disturbances. Therefore, this paper suggests a control method that combines linear active disturbance rejection with model predictive control to solve the tracking problem under disturbances, improve the system’s disturbance rejection capability, and ensure the accuracy of trajectory tracking. First, a linear active disturbance controller (LADRC) is developed for the position system to monitor and compensate for internal uncertainties and environmental disturbances in a timely manner. Secondly, the attitude control system is equipped with a model predictive controller (MPC) to effectively determine the optimal control variables and achieve stable attitude tracking. The method is evaluated through simulation studies to assess its performance in tracking a reference trajectory in the presence of disturbances. The findings demonstrate that the approach can accurately track the reference trajectory even when the system is subject to sinusoidal disturbances. This indicates that the method exhibits robustness and practicality.
Multi-Link Prediction for mmWave Wireless Communication Systems Using Liquid Time-Constant Networks, Long Short- Term Memory, and Interpretation Using Symbolic Regression
Authors: Pendyala Vishnu S. , Patil Milind
Published: July 2024

A significant challenge encountered in mmWave and sub-terahertz systems used in 5G and the upcoming 6G networks is the rapid fluctuation in signal quality across various beam directions. Extremely high-frequency waves are highly vulnerable to obstruction, making even slight adjustments in device orientation or the presence of blockers capable of causing substantial fluctuations in link quality along a designated path. This issue poses a major obstacle because numerous applications with low-latency requirements necessitate the precise forecasting of network quality from many directions and cells. The method proposed in this research demonstrates an avant-garde approach for assessing the quality of multi-directional connections in mmWave systems by utilizing the Liquid Time-Constant network (LTC) instead of the conventionally used Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) technique. The method’s validity was tested through an optimistic simulation involving monitoring multi-cell connections at 28 GHz in a scenario where humans and various obstructions were moving arbitrarily. The results with LTC are significantly better than those obtained by conventional approaches such as LSTM. The latter resulted in a test Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 3.44 dB, while the former, 0.25 dB, demonstrating a 13-fold improvement. For better interpretability and to illustrate the complexity of prediction, an approximate mathematical expression is also fitted to the simulated signal data using Symbolic Regression.
Experimental 35 GHz Gyrotron Efficiency Enhancement with Magnetic Field Taper in Fundamental Harmonic
Authors: Shevchenko Sergey , Shay Yarden , Pilossof Moritz , Einat Moshe
Published: July 2024

This paper presents an experimental setup of magnetic field taper variations to optimize the efficiency of a Ka-band pulsed gyrotron. Experimental optimization of the gyrotron’s efficiency is presented. The efficiency dependence on three input parameters—beam current, magnetic field amplitude, and variations in the magnetic field taper profile—is studied. A gyrotron electron efficiency improvement from 25.4% for a non-tapered magnetic curve to 36.4% for a tapered magnetic curve is measured. The stability of the millimeter wave excitation in the cavity is also affected by the magnetic taper gradient. The magnetic taper is obtained by a practical modification of the solenoid that leads to an 11% electron efficiency improvement. Magnetic tapering can be combined with other types of efficiency enhancement concepts to obtain an overall improved efficiency that can be important for industrial applications.
A Data-Driven Method for Calculating Neutron Flux Distribution Based on Deep Learning and the Discrete Ordinates Method
Authors: Li Yanchao , Zhang Bin , Yang Shouhai , Chen Yixue
Published: July 2024

The efficient and accurate calculation of neutron flux distribution is essential for evaluating the safety of nuclear facilities and the surrounding environment. While traditional numerical simulation methods such as the discrete ordinates (SN) method and Monte Carlo method have demonstrated excellent performance in terms of accuracy, their complex solving process incurs significant computational costs. This paper explores a data-driven and efficient method for obtaining neutron flux distribution based on deep learning, specifically targeting shielding problems with constant geometry and varying material cross-sections in practical engineering. The proposed method bypasses the intricate numerical transport calculation process of the discrete ordinates method by constructing a surrogate model that captures the correlation between transport characteristics and neutron flux from data characteristics. Simulations were carried out using Kobayashi-1 and Kobayashi-2 geometric models for shielding problems with constant geometry and varying material cross-sections. A series of validations have proved that the data-driven surrogate model demonstrates high generalization ability and reliability, while reducing the time required to obtain neutron flux distribution to 0.1 s without compromising on calculation accuracy compared to the discrete ordinates method.
A Review on the Production and Characteristics of Cheese Powders
Authors: Deshwal Gaurav Kr , Akshit F.N.U. , Altay Ipek , Huppertz Thom
Published: July 2024

Cheese powder is a product resulting from the removal of moisture from cheese. At first, cheese emulsion is prepared by dissolving cheese(s) with water and calcium sequestering salts followed by drying. The desirable characteristics of cheese powder are high solubility, no lumps, storage stability, and imparting a typical cheesy flavor to the final product. Many current studies on cheese powder are focused on reducing calcium-sequestering salts (CSSs) to reduce the sodium content of cheese powder. This review discusses the production processes and physio-chemical properties of cheese emulsions and powders, aiming to enhance current understanding and identifying potential research gaps. Furthermore, strategies for producing cheese powder without CSSs, including pH adjustment, homogenization, and addition of dairy components such as buttermilk powder and sodium caseinate, are elaborated upon. Processing variables such as heating conditions during the preparation of cheese emulsion may vary with the type and age of the cheese used and product formulation. These conditions also effect the characteristics of cheese powders. On the other hand, producing a stable cheese emulsion without CSSs is challenging due to impaired emulsification of fat. The combined use of buttermilk powder and sodium caseinate among various alternatives has shown promising results in producing cheese powder without CSSs. However, future research on replacing CSSs should focus on combining two or more strategies together to produce cheese powder without CSSs. The combination of pH adjustment and dairy ingredients and the use of novel processing technologies with different ingredients are interesting alternatives.
A Microscale Framework for Seismic Stability Analysis of Bridge Pier Rocking Isolation Using the Discrete Element Method
Authors: Itiola Idowu , El Shamy Usama
Published: July 2024

This study presents a microscale framework for investigating the seismic stability of bridge-pier structures using the discrete element method (DEM), with a focus on rocking isolation mechanisms. The piers and the deck are modeled as rigid blocks that follow rigid body dynamics. The rigid block is modeled as a collection of glued particles with geometrical arrangement and physical properties that mimic an actual block. To facilitate numerical contact points between the base of the block and the flat base wall, smaller particle sizes were introduced at the base of the block. A Hertz contact model was employed to model the interaction between contacting entities for better estimation of the contact constitutive parameters. Validation was performed using well-documented experimental data featuring the free-rocking of a granite stone block as well as existing analytical techniques. DEM simulations were performed on single blocks as well as on a bridge deck-pier system subjected to dynamic and seismic loadings. The study shows the effectiveness of rocking isolation through a comparative analysis of acceleration and angular velocity under varying seismic intensities, with acceleration reduction up to 70% for piers and 60% for the deck in a high-intensity scenario, affirming the potential of rocking isolation as a viable seismic mitigation strategy. The study monitors the structural response, contact mechanics, and energy dissipation of the pier–deck system. The application of the DEM model advances the analysis of bridge pier and deck interactions under seismic loads, providing new insights into the detailed behavior of rocking bridge piers and their potential for seismic isolation.
Digital Blackface: Adultification of Black Children in Memes and Children’s Books
Authors: Farrior Christian , Lester Neal
Published: July 2024

The adultification of Black children is a form of anti-Blackness that brings Black children into adult situations. The adultification of Black children can be rooted in early 20th-century children’s books with minstrel imagery showing Black children in perilous situations for adult entertainment and for white children’s learning. This essay puts “digital blackface”—the online cross-racial memes using Black children’s reactions, emotions, and stereotypes as cross-racial humor—in conversation with historical children’s books featuring Black children. Linking digital representations and misrepresentations to children’s picture books demonstrates how Black children in both formats and social spheres are thrust into adult politics at their expense. Adultifying Black children across time in children’s books with minstrel imagery and digital blackface shows how Black children have never been exempt from the anti-Blackness and systemic white supremacy erroneously believed to be an adult issue.
Opportunities and Challenges of Hydrogen Ports: An Empirical Study in Australia and Japan
Authors: Chen Peggy Shu-Ling , Fan Hongjun , Enshaei Hossein , Zhang Wei , Shi Wenming , Abdussamie Nagi , Miwa Takashi , Qu Zhuohua , Yang Zaili
Published: July 2024

This paper investigated the opportunities and challenges of integrating ports into hydrogen (H2) supply chains in the context of Australia and Japan because they are leading countries in the field and are potential leaders in the upcoming large-scale H2 trade. Qualitative interviews were conducted in the two countries to identify opportunities for H2 ports, necessary infrastructure and facilities, key factors for operations, and challenges associated with the ports’ development, followed by an online survey investigating the readiness levels of H2 export and import ports. The findings reveal that there are significant opportunities for both countries’ H2 ports and their respective regions, which encompass business transition processes and decarbonisation. However, the ports face challenges in areas including infrastructure, training, standards, and social licence, and the sufficiency and readiness levels of port infrastructure and other critical factors are low. Recommendations were proposed to address the challenges and barriers encountered by H2 ports. To optimise logistics operations within H2 ports and facilitate effective integration of H2 applications, this paper developed a user-oriented working process framework to provide guidance to ports seeking to engage in the H2 economy. Its findings and recommendations contribute to filling the existing knowledge gap pertaining to H2 ports.
Renovation and Reconstruction of Urban Land Use by a Cost-Heuristic Genetic Algorithm: A Case in Shenzhen
Authors: Deng Yufan , Tang Zhongan , Liu Baoju , Shi Yan , Deng Min , Liu Enbo
Published: July 2024

Urban land use multi-objective optimization aims to achieve greater economic, social, and environmental benefits by the rational allocation and planning of urban land resources in space. However, not only land use reconstruction, but renovation, which has been neglected in most studies, is the main optimization direction of urban land use. Meanwhile, urban land use optimization is subject to cost constraints, so as to obtain a more practical optimization scheme. Thus, this paper evaluated the renovation and reconstruction costs of urban land use and proposed a cost-heuristic genetic algorithm (CHGA). The algorithm determined the selection probability of candidate optimization cells by considering the renovation and reconstruction costs of urban land and integrated the renovation and reconstruction costs to determine the direction of optimization so that the optimization model can more practically simulate the actual situation of urban planning. The reliability of this model was validated through its application in Shenzhen, China, demonstrating that it can reduce the cost consumption of the optimization process by 35.86% at the expense of sacrificing a small amount of economic benefits (1.18%). The balance of benefits and costs enhances the applicability of the proposed land use optimization method in mature, developed areas where it is difficult to demolish buildings that are constrained by costs.
Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveal the Key Role of Flavonoids in the Cold Tolerance of Chrysanthemum
Authors: Wu Di , Wu Yingxue , Gao Ruiqi , Zhang Yanhong , Zheng Ruiying , Fang Minghui , Li Yuhua , Zhang Yang , Guan Le , Gao Yanqiang
Published: July 2024

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium, ground-cover Chrysanthemums), one of the important garden flowers, has a high ornamental and economic value. However, its ornamental value is significantly diminished by the low temperature experienced in northeastern China. Here, metabolomics and transcriptomics were performed on three Chrysanthemum cultivars before and after a low temperature to investigate the dynamic metabolite changes and the molecular regulatory mechanisms. The results showed that 1324 annotated metabolites were detected, among which 327 were identified as flavonoids derived from Chrysanthemum. The accumulation of metabolites and gene expression related to the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway significantly increased in the three cultivars under the low temperature, indicating flavonoid metabolism actively participates in the Chrysanthemum cold response. Specifically, the content of cyanidin and pelargonidin derivatives and the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes significantly increases in XHBF, providing a reasonable explanation for the change in petal color from white to purple under the low temperature. Six candidate UDP-glycosyltransferase genes involved in the glycosylation of flavonoids were identified through correlation networks and phylogenetic analysis. CmNAC1, CmbZIP3, and other transcription factors potentially regulating flavonoid metabolism and responding to low temperatures were discovered by correlation analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). In conclusion, this study elucidated the specific response of flavonoids to low temperatures in Chrysanthemums, providing valuable insights and metabolic data for investigating cold tolerance.
Genome-Wide Investigation of the CRF Gene Family in Maize and Functional Analysis of ZmCRF9 in Response to Multiple Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Yan Zhenwei , Hou Jing , Leng Bingying , Yao Guoqi , Ma Changle , Sun Yue , Zhang Fajun , Mu Chunhua , Liu Xia
Published: July 2024

The cytokinin response factors (CRFs) are pivotal players in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to diverse stresses. Despite their significance, comprehensive information on CRF genes in the primary food crop, maize, remains scarce. In this study, a genome-wide analysis of CRF genes in maize was conducted, resulting in the identification of 12 members. Subsequently, we assessed the chromosomal locations, gene duplication events, evolutionary relationships, conserved motifs, and gene structures of all ZmCRF members. Analysis of ZmCRF promoter regions indicated the presence of cis-regulatory elements associated with plant growth regulation, hormone response, and various abiotic stress responses. The expression patterns of maize CRF genes, presented in heatmaps, exhibited distinctive patterns of tissue specificity and responsiveness to multiple abiotic stresses. qRT-PCR experiments were conducted on six selected genes and confirmed the involvement of ZmCRF genes in the plant’s adaptive responses to diverse environmental challenges. In addition, ZmCRF9 was demonstrated to positively regulate cold and salt tolerance. Ultimately, we explored the putative interaction partners of ZmCRF proteins. In summary, this systematic overview and deep investigation of ZmCRF9 provides a solid foundation for further exploration into how these genes contribute to the complex interplay of plant growth, development, and responses to stress.
HINT1 Gene Polymorphisms, Smoking Behaviour, and Personality Traits: A Haplotype Case-Control Study
Authors: Suchanecka Aleksandra , Boroń Agnieszka , Chmielowiec Krzysztof , Strońska-Pluta Aleksandra , Masiak Jolanta , Lachowicz Milena , Chmielowiec Jolanta , Trybek Grzegorz , Grzywacz Anna
Published: July 2024

The factors influencing the development and maintenance of nicotine dependence are numerous and complex. Recent studies indicate that smokers exhibit distinct genetic predispositions to nicotine dependence. We aimed to analyse (1) the association between rs2551038 and cigarette smoking, (2) the association of between the rs3864236–rs2526303–rs2551038 haplotype and cigarette smoking, and (3) the personality traits measured by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory in cigarette users and never-smokers. No significant differences were present in the frequency of rs2551038 genotypes and alleles in the studied cigarette users compared to the control group. Cigarette users, compared to the control group, had higher scores on the NEO-FFI Extraversion scale (p = 0.0011), and lower scores were obtained by the cigarette users for the NEO-FFI Openness (p = 0.0060), Agreeability (p ≤ 0.000), and Conscientiousness (p ≤ 0.000) scales. There was a significant positive Pearson’s linear correlation between the age and the Fagestrom test (r = 0.346; p < 0.0001) and the NEO-FFI Openness scale (r = 0.180; p < 0.0001) in the group of cigarette users. We observed significant linkage disequilibrium between rs2526303 and rs3864236 (D’ = 0.3581; p < 2.2204 × 10−16) and between rs2526303 and rs2551038 (D’ = 0.9993; p < 2.2204 × 10−16) in the tested sample. The sex-stratified haplotype analysis revealed that in the group of male never-smokers, the GTC haplotype was significantly more frequent than in the group of cigarette users (38% vs. 22%; p = 0.0039). The presented study reveals significant differences in personality trait scores between cases and controls. Moreover, the sex-stratified analysis showed significant differences in haplotype distribution. These results underscore the interplay between genetic predisposition, sex, and personality in nicotine-using individuals.
The ProtekDuo Cannula: A Comprehensive Review of Efficacy and Clinical Applications in Right Ventricular Failure
Authors: Brewer Joseph M. , Maybauer Marc O.
Published: July 2024

Right ventricular failure (RVF) is a clinical challenge associated with various underlying acute and chronic medical conditions, necessitating diverse management strategies including mechanical circulatory support (MCS). The ProtekDuo cannula represents an important advancement in medical devices for MCS in the setting of RVF. When combined with an extracorporeal blood pump, the dual-lumen design allows for direct bypass of the RV using simultaneous drainage and return of blood using percutaneous, single-site access. Studies have reported favorable outcomes with the ProtekDuo cannula and low device-related complications, but comparative studies with other MCS devices are limited. Still, the ProtekDuo cannula has numerous advantages; however, it is not without challenges, and opportunities for further research exist. The ProtekDuo cannula holds significant potential for future advancements in the field of MCS, offering promising solutions for RVF management.
Comparing Different Multimodal Analgesia Protocols for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty—A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Koczian Otto , Winkler Harald , Zental Nelly , Innmann Moritz M. , Westhauser Fabian , Walker Tilman , Fischer Dania , Weigand Markus A. , Decker Sebastian O.
Published: July 2024

Background: Several local regional anesthesia regimes have been described in the literature to reduce post-surgical pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but it is unclear which regime has the best analgetic effect combined with the best motor function. The aim of this study was to determine if patients with infiltration between the popliteal artery and capsule of the posterior knee (IPACK) combined with an adductor canal block (SACB) had less pain, better motor function, and less opioid consumption after TKA than patients with a femoral nerve block (FNB) combined with a popliteal sciatic nerve block (PSB). Methods: In a retrospective cohort analysis, 342 patients following primary TKA were examined; 175 patients were treated with an IPACK combined with a SACB, and 167 patients with a femoral FNB combined with a PSB. The outcome parameters postoperative pain (visual analogue scale (VAS) for mobilization and at rest, functional recovery, opioid consumption, hospital discharge, and complications were analyzed and compared between both groups. Results: The IPACK/SACB group had a higher postoperative need for opioids despite higher doses of ropivacaine compared to the FNB/PSB group, accompanied by higher VAS scores. Patients’ satisfaction was equal between the groups. Both groups showed comparable mobilization rates and walking distances following TKA. Conclusions: IPACK/SACB showed equal results compared to FNB/PSB for mobilization rates and patients’ satisfaction following TKA without a reduction in opioid consumption.
Clinical Intervention Strategies and Family Dynamics in Adolescent Eating Disorders: A Scoping Review for Enhancing Early Detection and Outcomes
Authors: Gkintoni Evgenia , Kourkoutas Elias , Vassilopoulos Stephanos P. , Mousi Maria
Published: July 2024

Background: This systematic review investigated the impact of familial factors on individuals aged 10–17 who have clinical signs or symptoms of eating disorders. Simultaneously, it scrutinized the involvement of the family in therapy, as well as other forms of intervention. Methods: The PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus databases were used to search for research material comprehensively. After applying specific criteria, 46 articles were deemed suitable and included in the systematic review. The study comprised a cohort of 4794 adolescents who received a diagnosis of either Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN), or Binge-Eating Disorder (BED). In addition, controls were utilized for 1187 adolescents, 1563 parents, 1809 siblings, and 11 other relatives. Results: The connection between family factors and eating disorders is primarily determined by the families’ level of functioning, satisfaction with the family dynamic, parents’ attitudes toward their children, and the role of food within the family system. Family Therapy was the most used psychotherapeutic approach in the treatment of AN. The incidence of reports in BN closely paralleled that of Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy (CBT) models. Articles about (Enhanced) CBT were exclusively associated with BED. Conclusions: Family-based approaches are crucial in comprehending, preventing, and addressing eating disorders in adolescents. Incorporating the study of family dynamics and actively engaging families in the treatment process can significantly enhance recovery rates and decrease the occurrence of relapses.
Fournier’s Gangrene Surgical Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Susini Pietro , Marcaccini Gianluca , Efica Jessica , Giuffrè Maria Teresa , Mazzotta Ruggero , Caneschi Corso , Cuomo Roberto , Nisi Giuseppe , Grimaldi Luca
Published: July 2024

Fournier’s gangrene (FG) is a rare form of necrotizing fasciitis of the perineal, genital, or perianal region. It is characterized by an aggressive course and high mortality rate, over 20%. FG demands immediate treatment including resuscitation maneuvers, intravenous antibiotic therapy and early surgical debridement. Background/Objectives: The gold-standard treatment for FG is surgical reconstruction. However, up to date, no precise guidelines exist. Thus, we decided to systematically review the literature, focusing on FG contemporary approaches to reconstructive surgery, aiming to analyze the various reconstructive strategies and their specific indications. Methods: A systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA statement by searching various databases from April 2014 to April 2024, using the terms ‘‘Fournier Gangrene OR Fournier Gangrene Reconstruction OR Fournier Gangrene Treatment OR Fournier Gangrene Plastic Surgery OR Necrotizing Fasciitis OR Necrotizing Fasciitis AND Reconstruction”. The eligibility criteria included original studies aimed at discussing FG reconstruction with at least three clinical cases. Results: The final synthesis included 38 articles, and 576 reconstructions were described. Of these, 77.6% were minimally invasive strategies (direct closure, secondary healing, grafts, and local random flaps), while more invasive reconstructions (loco-regional flaps based on known vascular anatomy) were adopted in 22.4%. No free flaps were reported. Conclusions: FG requires immediate medical interventions including broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, surgical debridement, adjuvant therapies, and reconstructive surgeries. Taking into account the anatomical characteristics of the inguinal-crural region, skin grafts and local random flaps could offer versatile and effective reconstructions for most FG cases, while the more invasive strategies should be reserved for very few cases. Future research is warranted to define an FG dedicated reconstruction protocol.
Reply to Dietvorst et al. Challenges in Providing an Overview of Results of Intermittent Fasting Interventions on Diabetes Parameters. Comment on “Silva et al. Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Regulation of Metabolic Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Health and Metabolic-Related Disorders. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 3699”
Authors: Silva Ana Inês , Direito Manuel , Pinto-Ribeiro Filipa , Ludovico Paula , Sampaio-Marques Belém
Published: July 2024

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Toxic Effects of Carbaryl Exposure on Juvenile Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer)
Authors: Huang Junhua , Fu Zhengyi , Yu Wei , Bai Zemin , Ma Zhenhua
Published: July 2024

This study examines the physiological and immunological effects of 0.5 ppm carbaryl exposure on juvenile Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) over 12 h to 72 h. Notable results include decreased activities of liver enzymes catalase (CAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), while superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels remained stable, with the lowest activities of CAT and GSH-PX observed at 72 h. Serum biochemistry revealed increased alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) at 24 h, with declining aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and a peak in creatinine at 48 h. Histopathological analysis showed carbaryl-induced necrosis in liver and spleen cells, and increased melanomacrophage centers in both organs. Additionally, immune gene expression analysis indicated an upregulation of heat shock proteins and consistent elevation of complement component C3 and interleukin-8 (IL-8). These findings suggest that carbaryl exposure significantly impairs organ function and modulates immune responses in L. calcarifer, underlining the need for further research on protective strategies against pesticide impacts in aquaculture.
Deciphering Alveolo-Capillary Gas Transfer Disturbances in Patients Recovering from COVID-19 Lung Disease
Authors: Hua-Huy Thông , Pham-Ngoc Hà , Aubourg Frédérique , Lorut Christine , Roche Nicolas , Dinh-Xuan Anh Tuan
Published: July 2024

Impaired lung gas exchange is commonly seen in patients with pulmonary involvement related to SARS-CoV-2 acute infection or post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). The primary aim of our study was to assess lung gas transfer, measuring the pulmonary diffusion capacity for nitric oxide (DLNO) and carbon monoxide (DLCO) in all COVID-19 patients. Our secondary aim was to decipher the respective roles of perturbed lung membrane conductance (DM) and reduced pulmonary capillary volume (VC) in patients with impaired lung gas exchange. From May to October 2020, we measured DLNO-DLCO in 118 patients during their post-COVID-19 period (4.6 months after infection) to decipher alveolo-capillary gas transfer disturbances. DLNO-DLCO measurement was also performed in 28 healthy non-smokers as controls. Patients were classified into three groups according to the severity (mild, moderate, and severe) of acute COVID-19 infection. Patients with mild COVID-19 had normal lung volumes and airways expiratory flows but impaired pulmonary gas exchange, as shown by the significant decreases in DLNO, DLCO, DM, and VC as compared with controls. VC was significantly impaired and the DLNO/DLCO ratio was increased in patients with moderate (n = 4, 11%) and severe COVID-19 (n = 23, 49%). Abnormal membrane conductance was also seen in all three groups of post-COVID-19 patients. These findings suggest a persistent alveolo-capillary gas transfer defect, implying not only reduced membrane conductance but also abnormal pulmonary vascular capacitance in all PACS patients, even those with a milder form of COVID-19 infection.
Gut Microbiota and Clinical Manifestations in Thai Pediatric Patients with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Panpetch Jittraporn , Kiatrungrit Komsan , Tuntipopipat Siriporn , Tangphatsornruang Sithichoke , Mhuantong Wuttichai , Chongviriyaphan Nalinee
Published: July 2024

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder potentially linked to gut dysbiosis. This comparative cross-sectional study profiled the gut microbiota in 24 treatment-naïve Thai children diagnosed with ADHD and 24 healthy ones matched by age and gender (median age: 7 years). Fecal microbial compositions were genetically analyzed using 16s rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The study findings indicated no statistically significant differences in microbial diversity between groups, although Firmicutes and Actinobacteria appeared dominant in both groups. Moreover, ADHD patients exhibited enrichment in Alloprevotella, CAG-352, Succinivibrio, and Acidaminococcus genera, while healthy controls had higher levels of Megamonas, Enterobacter, Eubacterium hallii, and Negativibacillus genera. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated a significant positive association between CAG-352 and inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores, whereas the Eubacterium hallii group and Megamonas exhibited negative correlations with these symptomatology domains. Beta-carotene intake was associated with the Eubacterium hallii group and Succinivibrio: likewise, vitamin B2 intake was associated with Alloprevotella. Additional research should aim to elucidate the underlying mechanisms influencing clinical biomarkers that signify alterations in specific gut microbiome profiles linked to ADHD.
The Role of Secondary Cytoreduction and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Recurrent Ovarian Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Authors: Özcan Pirilti , Düzgün Özgül
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims: Ovarian cancer maintains the highest mortality rate among gynecological malignancies. Unfortunately, two-thirds of cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage with the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis. In this study, we aimed to present the 7-year results of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in cases where peritoneal carcinomatosis developed during the medical oncological treatment and follow-up after primary high-grade serous ovarian cancer debulking surgeries. Patients and Methods: Data from 63 patients collected prospectively in our clinic were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Postoperative Clavien–Dindo grade 3–4 complications occurred in 12 cases (19%) and 14 cases (22.2%), respectively. CD grade 3a complications developed in four cases (6.3%), which were treated with percutaneous drainage catheters, while CD grade 3b complications occurred in eight cases (12.7%), and these cases underwent reoperation. Five cases (7.9%) experienced mortality within the first 30 days. The mean survival time was determined as 44.99 months (36.33–53.65), while the median survival time was 56 months. Conclusions: In selected patients requiring redo surgery due to recurrent ovarian cancer, secondary cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy are associated with longer overall survival and should be considered in the treatment of advanced-stage disease. Further large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed in this regard.