bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De dinámicas barriales, muertes violentas y registro estadístico: una aproximación etnográfica
Authors: Maglia Elea , Di Marco Martín , García acevedo Marina
Published: May 2018

Este artículo se propone analizar los procesos sociales, morales y relacionales que condicionan el registro de datos estadísticos sobre muertes violentas, a partir del enfoque etnográfico. Se parte del presupuesto de que si bien la tasa de homicidio es empleada como uno de los indicadores más sólidos a partir del cual analizar los niveles de violencia y crimen en una sociedad, no está eximida de condicionantes sociales. Los procesos por medio de los cuales se registran y clasifican las muertes violentas están atravesados por dinámicas sociales, determinadas por los contextos locales y las diversas creencias y prácticas de los actores. Con el objetivo de desandar las lógicas que hacen posible el subregistro y omisión de homicidios, se realizó una etnografía en 2016 en un barrio caracterizado por la vulnerabilidad social y altos niveles de violencia, ubicado al suroeste de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, en el Conurbano Bonaerense. La metodología incluyó la realización de observaciones participantes en diferentes espacios del barrio, entrevistas abiertas, semi-estructuradas y grupales. En función de ello, a partir del análisis específico de un caso en el que no se registró la muerte violenta de un joven y otro en la que se clasificaron 2 homicidios como suicidios, se desandan las lógicas barriales que hicieron posible este tratamiento de la muerte violenta y se reflexiona sobre dinámicas sociales producidas y reproducidas al interior del barrio.
Avaliação no ensino fundamental das escolas públicas da rede municipal de Jaguarão-RS
Authors: Martins Carvalho Dutra Rosa Maria , Bretanha Santiago , De Freitas Sias Maria Alice , Da Silva Rodrigues Ana Cristina
Published: May 2018

A avaliação pode ser considerada como ponto fundamental no que diz respeito ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem, permitindo-nos elencar subsídios para que os docentes direcionem sua prática, as escolas reestruturem seus projetos pedagógicos, os sistemas de ensino definam políticas públicas para que se invista na educação para o sucesso. Faz-se necessária uma avaliação que pressuponha acompanhamento individualizado, em vistas de evitar a evasão escolar e a repetência, que verifique o rendimento escolar de forma continua e formativa levando em consideração a realidade local e os indicadores de cada escola em particular. Este trabalho objetiva investigar as características da avaliação utilizada no município de Jaguarão relacionando essas aos documentos oficiais - Plano Municipal de Educação (Lei nº 13.005/2014) e Plano Nacional de Educação. Diante disso, a pesquisa pretende propor, por meio de projeto de intervenção no âmbito da Secretaria Municipal de Educação, uma avaliação que auxilie a gestão escolar a melhorar os rumos da educação no município, para que alcance os índices estabelecidos pelo IDEB. O projeto está sendo desenvolvido nas escolas da rede municipal de ensino de Jaguarão, especificamente com a participação dos supervisores das Escolas de Ensino Fundamental e professores de Língua Portuguesa - anos finais. Esta pesquisa, metodologicamente, é do tipo intervenção pedagógica, uma vez que trabalha com dados gerados pelo estudo, busca como produto final a mudança e nasce da necessidade de dialogar com a teoria.   A metodologia para coleta e análise de dados parte de uma abordagem qualitativa.
Movimento Escola sem Partido: os sentidos nos discursos sobre a esquerda
Authors: Predebon Silveira Rocheli Regina
Published: May 2018

Os discursos a partir do ambiente digital foram ressignificados, assim como os sujeitos e sentidos passaram a ter uma nova constituição. Com isso, esse trabalho busca compreender os sentidos que podemos estabelecer a partir do termo “esquerda”, empregado nos discursos dos seguidores do movimento Escola sem Partido em sua página oficial no Facebook. Para tentar estabelecer esses sentidos, nos embasamos na teoria da Análise de Discurso de linha francesa, mobilizando principalmente os conceitos sobre discurso, acontecimento e memória digital, além do conceito de máquina ideológica. A partir da análise percebemos que as formações discursivas (FDs) em torno do termo “esquerda” vêm sempre imbuídas de negatividade e associadas a algo ruim. O que implica em um assujeitamento dos sujeitos inscritos nessas FDs por estarem sendo afetados por uma instituição que funciona como uma “máquina ideológica”, aqui posta como o movimento ESP.
Alzira Vargas: A figura feminina e a articulação política nos governos de Getúlio Vargas.
Authors: Guedes dos Santos Roselaine , Lacerda Nunes Lauren , Kunz Rosa Gladis , Roque Karen Laís
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo visa abordar a trajetória histórica de Alzira Sarmanho Vargas na vida política do Brasil, nos governos de Getúlio Vargas (1930 – 1945 e 1951-1954), no sentido de mostrar sua atuação enquanto figura feminina significativa deste período. A metodologia utilizada consistiu de pesquisas em fontes originais, depositadas no Museu Getúlio Vargas, em São Borja-RS, no Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil (CPDOC), da Fundação Getúlio Vargas, onde se encontra depositado o arquivo pessoal da Alzira Sarmanho Vargas. Concomitantemente, buscou-se referencial bibliográfico, no sentido de problematizar a condição da mulher, da política e da vida sociocultural do país no período histórico em que Alzira Vargas atuou. Dos documentos estudados, se abrem inúmeras possibilidades de interpretações e questionamentos sobre a real importância e participação de uma mulher que, sendo o pai, Getúlio Vargas, o presidente do país, tenha ela depositária da confiança e cumplicidade em momentos de extrema tensão, dúvidas e conflitos políticos nos âmbitos nacional e internacional. A quantidade de registros históricos, sejam eles documentos oficiais, jornais, revistas, vídeos ou em áudios não deixa margem para dúvidas quanto a presença constante e discreta da assessora Alzira Vargas e, em outros momentos, articuladora da nação com outros países. A possibilidade de conhecer esta mulher que, em ambiente predominantemente masculino ocupou espaços importantes em momentos históricos cruciais para o Brasil, instiga a busca de conhecê-la e problematizar sua trajetória enquanto figura feminina marcante na história do país, principal motivação da presente pesquisa.
Sociologia e antropologia da religião em Portugal: agentes e publicações
Authors: Coutinho José Pereira
Published: May 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o campo científico da Sociologia (e Antropologia) da Religião em Portugal, estudando os seus agentes (autores) e publicações acadêmicas respectivas. De uma Sociologia inicial marcada pela agenda pastoral da Igreja Católica, assiste-se à secularização da mesma. Em termos de agentes, a investigação atual concentra-se sobretudo em Lisboa, decorrendo também no Porto, Braga e Ponta Delgada, perdendo-se entretanto o pólo de Évora, associado aos jesuítas. A obra publicada pode dividir-se em duas áreas: sociológica (caracterização do campo religioso português e análise da relação da religião com a política) e antropológica (minorias religiosas associadas aos imigrantes).
NIELSSEN, Hilde; OKKENHAUG, Inger Marie; SKEIE, Karina Hestad. Protestant missions and local encounters in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Unto the ends of the world
Authors: Oliveira Guilherme Ferreira
Published: May 2018

sem resumo
Memoria y religión en la historia del Brasil: la Compañía de Jesús, el Instituto Histórico Geográfico Brasileiro y la definición de la historia nacional
Authors: Londoño Fernando Torres
Published: May 2018

Na transição de um momento histórico a outro, a compreensão da religião e suas instituições muda. O presente artigo trata do sentido histórico que foi conferido à Companhia de Jesus no Brasil, por parte do Instituto Histórico Geográfico Brasileiro, IHGB, a instituição fundada em 1838, à qual foi conferida por parte do Império a autoridade e os meios para escreve a história da “nação brasileira”. Utilizando a revista do instituto, entre sua fundação e 1940, abordaremos aqui a polêmica sobre os jesuítas no século XIX e como foi formado um consenso segundo o qual a Companhia de Jesus apareceria como uma das instituições fundadoras do Brasil
The Physiology of Imagined Publics
Authors: Solbu Gisle
Published: May 2018

This paper draws on the concept of imagined lay persons (ILP) to investigate how scientists working in the fields of bio- and nanotechnology perceive the public and how these imaginaries facilitate or hinder engagement activities. Scientists construct imaginaries of publics that shape the ways in which they address the public, perceive the benefits of public engagement activities, and form communication strategies. Moreover, the paper argues that scientists’ accounts of the public are characterised by ambivalence regarding what the public is, the public’s knowledge and the public’s ability to take part in scientific processes. Thus, the paper proposes a more comprehensive approach to understanding ILPs than provided by previous studies, which have focused on the attribution of knowledge deficits and related fears of protest and resistance.
Evaluation of metronomic cyclophosphamide chemotherapy as maintenance treatment for dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma following limb amputation and carboplatin chemotherapy
Authors: Matsuyama Arata , Schott Courtney R. , Wood Geoffrey A. , Richardson Danielle , Woods J. Paul , Mutsaers Anthony J.
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of metronomic cyclophosphamide (MC) chemotherapy (primary treatment of interest) with adjuvant meloxicam administration as maintenance treatment for dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma following limb amputation and carboplatin chemotherapy.

DESIGN Retrospective case series with nested cohort study.

ANIMALS 39 dogs with a histologic diagnosis of appendicular osteosarcoma that underwent limb amputation and completed carboplatin chemotherapy from January 2011 through December 2015.

PROCEDURES Dogs were grouped by whether carboplatin chemotherapy had been followed with or without MC chemotherapy (15 mg/m2, PO, q 24 h) and meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h). The Breslow rank test was used to assess whether MC chemotherapy was associated with overall survival time (OST) and disease progression-free time (PFT) after limb amputation.

RESULTS 19 dogs received carboplatin and MC chemotherapy, and 20 dogs received only carboplatin chemotherapy. No differences were identified between these groups regarding age, reproductive status, body weight, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, tumor location, or histologic grade or subtype of osteosarcoma. Median duration of MC chemotherapy for dogs in the carboplatin-MC group was 94 days (range, 7 to 586 days); this treatment was discontinued for 11 (58%) dogs when cystitis developed. Overall, 11 (28%) dogs survived to the time of analysis, for a median follow-up period of 450 days (range, 204 to 1,400 days). No difference in median PFT or OST was identified between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Maintenance MC chemotherapy following limb amputation and completed carboplatin chemotherapy was associated with no increase in PFT or OST in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. Cystitis was common in MC-treated dogs, and prophylactic treatment such as furosemide administration could be considered to reduce the incidence of cystitis in such dogs.
Association of surgical approach with complication rate, progression-free survival time, and disease-specific survival time in cats with mammary adenocarcinoma: 107 cases (1991–2014)
Authors: Gemignani Francesco , Mayhew Philipp D. , Giuffrida Michelle A. , Palaigos Jason , Runge Jeffrey J. , Holt David E. , Robertson Nicholas A. , Seguin Bernard , Walker Meaghan , Singh Ameet , Liptak Julius M. , Romanelli Giorgio , Martano Marina , Boston Sarah E. , Lux Cassie , Busetto Roberto , Culp William T. N. , Skorupski Katherine A. , Burton Jenna H.
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE To evaluate potential associations between surgical approach and complication rate, progression-free survival time, and disease-specific survival time in cats with mammary adenocarcinoma.

DESIGN Retrospective case series.

ANIMALS 107 client-owned cats.

PROCEDURES Medical records of cats that underwent surgical excision of mammary adenocarcinoma by means of a unilateral or bilateral (staged or single-session) mastectomy at 9 hospitals between 1991 and 2014 were reviewed. Relevant clinicopathologic data and details of surgical and adjuvant treatments were recorded. Outcome data were obtained, including postoperative complications, progression-free survival time, and disease-specific survival time.

RESULTS Complications occurred in 12 of 61 (19.7%) cats treated with unilateral mastectomy, 5 of 14 (35.7%) cats treated with staged bilateral mastectomy, and 13 of 32 (40.6%) cats treated with single-session bilateral mastectomy. Complications were significantly more likely to occur in cats undergoing bilateral versus unilateral mastectomy. Median progression-free survival time was longer for cats treated with bilateral mastectomy (542 days) than for cats treated with unilateral mastectomy (289 days). Significant risk factors for disease progression included unilateral mastectomy, tumor ulceration, lymph node metastasis, and tumors arising in the fourth mammary gland. Significant risk factors for disease-specific death included lymph node metastasis and development of regional or distant metastasis. Among cats that did not develop metastasis, unilateral mastectomy was a significant risk factor for disease-specific death. Treatment with chemotherapy was associated with a significantly decreased risk of disease-specific death.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results supported bilateral mastectomy for the treatment of mammary adenocarcinoma in cats to improve progression-free and disease-specific survival time. Performing bilateral mastectomy in a staged fashion may help to decrease the complication rate.
Homogeneous Substitute Material Model for Reinforced Concrete Modeling
Authors: Siwiński J. , Stolarski A.
Published: May 2018

This paper outlines a method of determining the deformation and strength parameters for a hypothetical, homogeneous, substitute material which approximates the properties of heterogeneous materials in reinforced concrete elements. The model of the substitute material creates a concrete reference model, in which the static - strength - deformation parameters were modified on the basis of the homogenizing function with the homogenization coefficient assumed as the effective reinforcement ratio of the reinforced concrete structural elements. The results of the comparative analysis of the numerical models using the hypothetical substitute material with experimental results for statically loaded beams and deep beams taken from the literature are presented.
The Influence of the Soil Environment on the Corrosivity of Failure Infrastructure - Case Study of the Exemplary Water Network
Authors: Pękala A. , Pietrucha-Urbanik K.
Published: May 2018

In the paper the issue connected with water network failure regarding the soil conditions was presented. Water pipes constitute a large part of water company asset. Therefore the analysis concerning the influence of soil conditions into failure occurrence of water pipe is crucial for proper functioning of water supply systems (WSS). In the performed studies the real data from the operation of the exemplary WSS was obtained. The following properties of the ground conditions were taken into consideration among others: the chemical composition and ground phase, based on analysis performed through the following equipment, as the electron microscope with X-ray spectrometer detector and backscattered electrons (BSE) using the powder Debye-Sherrer’s method and X-ray diffractometer. The analysis indicate dependence between soil conditions and corrosivity occurrence, what indicate the importance of performed analysis.
Soil carbon stocks cultivated with coffee in the brazilian savana: Effect of cultivation time and use of organic compost
Authors: Belizário Maísa Honório , Ferrão Gregori Da Encarnação , Cerri Carlos Clemente , Siqueira Neto Marcos
Published: May 2018

Land-use change (LUC) is one of the main responsible for the loss of soil organic matter (SOM) in the form of CO2 to atmosphere. The aims of the present study were i) evaluate soil C stocks due to coffee cultivation time after LUC and ii) evaluate the use of the organic compost from the by-product of bean processing as a source of SOM. The study was performed in dystrophic red latosol in the municipality of Patrocínio, MG, Brazil. Two evaluations were performed; i) three coffee (Coffea arabica L. var. Icatú Vermelho) growing areas with different implantation times (8, 15 and 37 years) in relation to Cerrado  stricto sensu  (reference); and ii) area cultivated with coffee ( C. arabica  var. Bourbon Vermelho) that received organic compost for four years. Soil was sampled in layers 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm. In the first study, the C stock (0-20 cm) was higher under native vegetation (67 Mg C ha-1) in relation to the coffee growing (63 Mg C ha-1), however, did not differ significantly and showed subtle loss rates of 0.12; 0.06 and 0.02 Mg C ha-1 year-1 for 8, 15 and 37 years, respectively. In the second study, the organic compost applied to the soil increased the C stock (0-20 cm) to 4.6 Mg C ha-1 and showed an accumulation rate of 1.15 Mg C ha-1 year-1. Thus, it is concluded that C stocks is reduced in the soil due to LUC, however, the application of organic compost increased the supply of organic material, favoring the maintenance and even increasing the stock in the soil.
CRIME POLÍTICO E EXTRADIÇÃO: A QUESTÃO DA EXTRADIÇÃO POLÍTICA DISFARÇADA
Authors: Jank Calixto Angela , Alves de Arruda Rejane
Published: May 2018

Objetiva-se demonstrar como são formulados os pedidos de extradição política disfarçada e o porquê da impossibilidade de extradição nos casos em que verificados. Efetuada uma análise, através do método dedutivo, da origem e fundamentos da cláusula de inextraditabilidade ante o cometimento de crimes políticos, do conceito conferido a referidos crimes e das circunstâncias consideradas pelo STF para concluir pela existência de pedido de extradição política disfarçada na Extradição nº 794/Paraguai, verificou-se haver uma preocupação dos juristas brasileiros em evitar a perseguição política, em consonância com as garantias fundamentais consagradas pela CF e com as normas internacionais que regem a matéria.
Сравнительная оценка результатов различных хирургических бариатрических операций
Authors: Omarov T. , Salakhova S. , Ibrahimova A. , Bayramov N.
Published: May 2018

Цель. Сравнить результаты выполнения за 5 лет бариатрических хирургических операций у пациентов с ожирением среди населения Азербайджана.
Материалы и методы. Бариатрические хирургические операции выполнены у 104 пациентов с ожирением среди населения Азербайджана. Средний возраст пациентов - 33,1 года, средний индекс массы тела (ИМТ) - 57,5 кг/м2. Проведен сравнительный анализ различных технических модификаций, послеоперационных осложнений. Больных обследовали до и через 1, 3, 6 и 12 мес после операции. В динамике исследовали ИМТ, проявления диабета, гипертонии, синдрома апноэ во сне и жировой дистрофии печени.
Результаты. У 88 (84,6%) пациентов, которым выполнена стандартная лапароскопическая слив гастрэктомия (ЛСГ), в течение первых 6 мес масса тела уменьшилась в среднем на (39,5 ± 11,5) кг. У 12 (11,5%) больных после желудочного шунтирования (2 (1,9%) выполнено желудочное шунтирование по Ру, 8 (7,6%) - желудочное минишунтирование, 2 (1,9%) - СЛИВ и шунтирование по Ру) масса тела уменьшилась на (46 ± 14) кг, а в течение 6-12 мес наблюдали эффективное ее увеличение, в среднем на (33,5 ± 8,5) кг. У 1 (1%) больного была выполнена в другой клинике дупликация желудка. Масса тела за год уменьшилась на 20 кг и остановилась. В связи с этим больной обратился в нашу клинику. Ему выполнена операция уменьшения желудка. Масса тела уменьшилась на 36 кг. У 3 (2,9%) больных, которые по истечении 2 лет после операции набрали массу тела, повторно выполнили СЛИВ гастрэктомию. В последующем у этих больных отмечено удовлетворительное уменьшение массы тела.
Выводы. После ЛСГ уменьшение массы тела у больных с тяжелым ожирением наиболее удовлетворительное, также отсутствуют нарушения витаминного баланса, динамика сопутствующей патологии положительная, что дает основание считать этот способ наиболее надежным. Однако после операции шунтирования упомянутые показатели выше и при диабете II типа эта методика наиболее эффективна. Но с учетом анатомии и физиологии слив гастрэктомия является идеальной операцией, поскольку при неэффективном снижении массы тела в будущем есть возможность применить другую методику, кроме того, эта операция также приемлема для больных, у которых нет диабета II типа.
Особенности тактики многоэтапного хирургического лечения открытых переломов
Authors: Ankin M. L. , Petryk Т. М. , Ladyka V. O.
Published: May 2018

Цель. Изучить путем сравнения результаты применения при ОП классической тактики и тактики многоэтапного хирургического лечения, обсудить вопросы выбора метода фиксации ОП и возможности раннего закрытия обширных ран и дефектов мягких тканей.
Материалы и методы. Проанализированы результаты лечения 286 пациентов с ОП костей верхних и нижних конечностей в ортопедо-травматологическом центре Киевской областной клинической больницы за период с 2008 по 2016 г. Применяли классические методы и тактику многоэтапного хирургического лечения.
Результаты. Оценивали результаты хирургического лечения ОП костей верхних и нижних конечностей с использованием балльной шкалы Neer-Grantham-Shelton. Хорошие результаты получены у 54,84% пациентов 1-й группы и у 80,28% пациентов 2-й группы.
Выводы. Успех лечения ОП зависит от ранней госпитализации, ранней радикальной хирургической обработки, стабильной фиксации сломанной кости, применения рациональных доз антибиотиков, коррекции иммунологического статуса. Одними из наиболее спорных и нерешенных остаются проблемы выбора метода фиксации ОП и раннего закрытия раны.
Формирование принципов лечения варикозной болезни нижних конечностей - путь длиной в тысячелетия
Authors: Ligonenko А. V.
Published: May 2018

Формирование принципов лечения варикозной болезни нижних конечностей - путь длиной в тысячелетия
Impact of Mathematics on the Theoretical Computer Science Course Units in the General Degree Program in Computer Science at Sri Lankan State Universities
Authors: Thambithurai Sritharan
Published: May 2018

Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify how Advanced level Mathematics and Mathematics course units offered at university level do impact on the academic performance of theoretical Computer Science course units.

Background: In Sri Lankan state universities, students have been enrolled only from the Physical Science stream to do a degree program in Computer Science. In addition to that, universities have been offering some course units in Mathematics to provide the required mathematical maturity to Computer Science undergraduates. Despite of this it is observed that the failure rates in fundamental theoretical Computer Science course units are much higher than other course units offered in the general degree program every year.

Methodology : Academic records comprised of all 459 undergraduates from three consecutive batches admitted to the degree program in Computer Science from a university were considered for this study.

Contribution: This study helps academics in identifying suitable curricula for Mathematics course units to improve students’ performance in theoretical Computer Science courses.

Findings: Advanced level Mathematics does not have any significant effect on the academic performance of theoretical Computer Science course units. Even though all Mathematics course units offered were significantly correlated with academic performance of every theoretical Computer Science course unit, only the Discrete Mathematics course unit highly impacted on the academic performance of all three theoretical Computer Science course units. Further this study indicates that the academic performance of female undergraduates is better than males in all theoretical Computer Science and Mathematics course units.

Future Research: Identifying other critical success factors contributing to the students’ academic performance of the theoretical Computer Science through empirical studies
Determinants of Choice of Market Outlet Among Smallholder Poultry Farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: OLUFADEWA Mayokun Samuel , OBI-EGBEDI Ogheneruemu
Published: May 2018

The study examined the factors that influence choice of market outlet among smallholder poultry farmers in Oyo state, Nigeria. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 200 poultry farmers from two Agricultural Development Zones in Oyo state Nigeria. Multinomial logit results showed that household size, contractual agreement, road condition and total number of birds on the farm influenced the choice of local market outlet while years of formal education, years of poultry farming experience, price information and access to extension officers influenced the choice of urban market outlet. The study recommends that extension officers should provide market information to the poultry farmers regularly to enhance smallholder farmers’ commercialization
Redes criminosas e organização local do tráfico de drogas na periferia de Belém
Authors: Couto Aiala Colares
Published: May 2018

Nos últimos anos o crescimento desenfreado do tráfico de drogas em Belém vem tendo como resultado a expansão da violência urbana, sobretudo, relacionada á organização criminosa em rede e á  disputa entre facções rivais pelo controle e uso do território. Assim, a periferia da metrópole foi incorporada á lógica perversa da economia do crime, onde o território usado pelo tráfico promove situação de instabilidade social e desafia o poder público, visto que, os grupos criminosos sobre o domínio do território impõem limites e regras características da territorialidade desses atores sociais que reproduzem o espaço criminalizado e manifestam uma ordem simbólica do medo que atinge a sociedade. A pesquisa foi realizada em dois bairros periféricos da cidade, hoje considerados os mais violentos. Além disso, destacam-se o processo de expansão urbana de Belém em direção suas áreas periféricas que cresceram de forma espontânea e acelerada, manifestando uma concentração espacial da pobreza urbana, típica de favelas e que foram incorporadas pelas redes criminosas na configuração de territórios do tráfico de drogas e que hoje é palco dos mais diversos conflitos sociais, envolvendo o Estado e a sociedade.
O papel da inteligência no enfrentamento ao crime organizado: a experiência do estado de Santa Catarina
Authors: Genena Samia Kamal , Da Cruz Tércia Maria Ferreira
Published: May 2018

O Estado durante anos não conferiu atenção ao sistema prisional como um todo, proporcionando com a sua omissão o surgimento do crime organizado. De encontro ás organizações criminosas foi editada uma legislação que disciplinou o Regime Disciplinar Diferenciado e visou segregar os membros de facções para desarticulá-las enfraquecendo sua atuação tanto dentro quanto fora do âmbito prisional. Recentemente, o Estado de Santa Catarina, além da transferência de presos para unidades prisionais federais optou também pela exaustiva aplicação da atividade de Inteligência salientando sua absoluta relevância no enfrentamento á criminalidade organizada. A atividade de inteligência foi fundamental para subsidiar a investigação criminal, resultando na produção de provas a serem utilizadas em processos penais movidos contra os membros de organizações criminosas. Conclui-se, portanto, que o enfrentamento ao crime organizado não deve ser transitório, mas sim uma ação permanente dos órgãos de inteligência de segurança pública.
Sistemas de Informação (SIGO) da Polícia Militar de Mato Grosso do Sul: uma avaliação da satisfação dos usuários
Authors: Maia Luciano Costa , Ferreira Fábio Rafael , Serrar Guilherme Domont de Morais , Freitas Wesley Ricardo Souza , Sousa Dalton , Araújo Elton Gean
Published: May 2018

O objetivo tem como objetivo identificar a percepção dos policiais militares em relação ás funcionalidades, limitações e vantagens do sistema de informação utilizado, isto é, se atende Ã s expectativas dos usuários. Foram revisados os conceitos de sistema de informações, as dimensões do SI e sua aplicabilidade á  segurança pública. Por meio de uma pesquisa quantitativa, aplicada junto a 60 policiais, o que equiva a mais de 40% dos batalhões de Aparecida do Taboado, Inocência, Cassilândia, Costa Rica, Figueirão, Chapadão do Sul e Paraíso das Ãguas, constatou-se que a ferramenta SIGO atende completamente as expectativas dos policiais militares, entretanto, necessitam da integração com o sistema INFOSEG. Desta forma, espera que o governo do Estado continue investindo e aperfeiçoando o sistema de informações da segurança pública.
Ecological and economic consequences of introductions of exotic wildlife (birds and mammals) in Germany
Authors: Gebhardt Harald
Published: May 2018

This paper describes the ecological and economic consequences of introduced bird and mammal species for fauna, flora and habitats, for forestry and agriculture and also for other parts of the land developed and cultivated by man. The results presented are based on enquiries to various institutions for the environment, nature conservation, agriculture, forestry and game as well as on the analysis of scientific data from various sources including the author's. Allochthonous bird and mammal species occurring in Germany are mentioned. Examples of interspecific competition for resources between allochthonous and autochthonous species, of changes to habitats by exotic species, of interbreeding and of the introduction of diseases and parasites are given. Economic damage to agricultural crops, to fruit‐growing, viniculture, forestry, parks and to inshore waters is outlined. Bird species mentioned include the ring‐necked parakeet Psittacula krameri, Canada goose Branta canadensis, swan goose Anser cygnoides, pheasant Phasianus colchicus. Mammal species covered include the muskrat Ondatra zibethicus, nutria Myocastor coypus, rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus, raccoon Procyon lotor, raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides, mouflon Ovis musimon, fallow deer Dama dama and sika deer Cervus nippon.
Shotgun pellet loads and infliction rates in pink‐footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus
Authors: Noer Henning , Madsen Jesper
Published: May 2018

Pink‐footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus caught in western Denmark during March–April 1990–1992 were X‐rayed to detect shotgun pellets. Among first‐year and older geese, pellets were detected in 25% (N = 69) and 36% (N = 286), respectively. A simple theoretical model is proposed, relating frequencies of pellet carriers in different age classes, adult survival and the annual rate at which pellets are inflicted upon geese. This model resulted in estimates of pellets being inflicted upon 1,000 first‐year and 800 older geese annually. However, annual bag is ca 1,000 first‐year and 2,000 older geese, and thus, expectedly, pellets should be inflicted upon approximately two older geese for each first‐year. From this it is concluded that the model leads to unrealistic estimates because the observed frequencies of first‐year and older pellet carriers are inconsistent; if 25% of the geese carry pellets after their first hunting season, more than the observed 36% of the older geese should be carriers. One explanation of this could be statistical uncertainty of the observed frequency of first‐year carriers. A frequency of 15% pellet carriers (lower 95% c.l.) after the first hunting season could account for the inconsistency. As an alternative explanation, lower survival of pellet carriers is proposed. A more general model including differential mortality predicts that survival rates of 87% and 78% for non‐carriers and carriers, respectively, could explain the observed carrier frequencies. Use of lower 95% c.l. leads to estimates of pellets being inflicted upon a minimum of ca 0.5 goose per bagged one. If differential survival exists, this ratio will be somewhat higher.
Decreased survival of pink‐footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus carrying shotgun pellets
Authors: Madsen Jesper , Noer Henning
Published: May 2018

Pink‐footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus caught during March–April 1990–1992 in western Jutland, Denmark, were examined for shotgun pellets by X‐ray photography, marked by individual colour neck‐bands and released. Based on resightings during 1991–1995, survival rates of pellet carriers (N = 114) and non‐carriers (N = 230) were compared. Annual resighting probabilities were more than 99%, resulting in a high precision of survival rate estimates. No indications of differences in survival between sexes or age classes (first‐year and older) were found, but pellet carriers had a significantly lower survival (0.765) than non‐carriers (0.869), this difference being constant between years and cohorts. Since pellet carrying individuals could theoretically represent a non‐random subset of the population, this is not conclusive evidence that infliction of pellets affects survival. The lower survival affects the frequency of adult pellet carriers found in X‐ray samplings. Correcting for this, the evidence strongly suggests that pellets are inflicted upon at least 0.7 goose for each bagged one.
Does harvesting arable crops influence the behaviour of the European hare Lepus europaeus?
Authors: Marboutin Eric , Aebischer Nicholas J.
Published: May 2018

Behavioural changes of 20 radio‐tagged European hares Lepus europaeus were analysed in relation to the harvesting of summer crops under intensive large‐scale farming in northeastern France. Focal sampling was also performed to estimate activity budgets and to analyse vigilance sequences according to group size and pre/post‐harvest factors. Night‐time ranges were 40% larger than day‐time ranges; the total home range size was 190 ± 53 ha. Both night‐time and day‐time range sizes were independent of the pre/post harvest factor, although pre‐harvest range centres shifted after harvest and the overlap areas were avoided. Habitat use within ranges was independent of the day/night and pre/post harvest factors, and hares made a larger use of cultivated areas than expected by chance (P < 0.01). Landscape diversity in the home range of hares was lower after harvest than before, but the animals did not maximise their access to crop diversity. Time spent scanning was negatively correlated with group size (r = ‐0.32, P < 0.005) and vigilance levels averaged lower after than before harvest (P < 0.05). Inter‐scan intervals (ISIs) were non‐randomly distributed and periodicity in the scanning behaviour was identified using spectral analysis. Hares foraging alone displayed a stronger cyclic pattern in vigilance sequences (i) than hares foraging communally (P = 0.043), and (ii) after than before harvest (P = 0.047). These results were analysed in connection with increased predation risks and shifts in resource distribution.
Dispersal in willow ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus ‐ who is dispersing and why?
Authors: R⊘rvik Kjell‐Arne , Pedersen Hans Christian , Steen Johan B.
Published: May 2018

The present study evaluates dispersal among breeding willow ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus in five closely located subareas in central Norway. During a six‐year period, breeding territorial ptarmigan were live‐trapped, aged, sexed and genotyped. Since it is believed that female willow ptarmigan are the dispersing sex, and foreign intruders are expected to be more genetically different than birds from the natal subarea, it is predicted that the genetic similarity between breeding birds of a given year (t) and the breeders in the same territories the next year (t+1) would be greater for males than for females. The extent of dispersal is believed to be positively correlated with the intruder pressure. Thus, the genetic similarity outlined above is predicted to be greatest in comparisons where chick production in year l was lowest. Analysis of genetic similarity among territorial birds in two consecutive breeding seasons revealed no significant difference between males and females. However, males showed greater genetic variability between years than females. For both yearling and adult males, the increased variation coincided with changes in the population density. Hence, a significant relationship between genetic similarity and chick production for both yearling and adult males was observed. This may suggest density‐dependent dispersal for males, but not for females. The fact that there was a stronger relationship between genetic similarity and natal chick production, than between genetic similarity and mean chick production on all subareas, for both adult sexes, suggests that breeding adults are more often challenged by yearlings from their own subarea than by foreign intruders from neighbouring areas.
Active wolverineGulo gulodens as a minimum population estimator in Scandinavia
Authors: Landa Arild , Tufto Jarle , Franzén Robert , Bø Terje , Lindén Mats , Swenson Jon E.
Published: May 2018

Minimum numbers of wolverinesGulo gulowere estimated for Scandinavia, based on the average number of active dens recorded in 1995–1997. To estimate the proportion of females active at dens, we followed individual females using radio‐telemetry in northern Sweden, northern Norway and south‐central Norway. The sex and age structure of the population was estimated based on a sample of wolverines harvested before the introduction of protective measures and harvest restrictions. Our results are compared with those found in other published wolverine studies, mostly from North America. The Scandinavian population of one‐year‐old and older wolverines was estimated at 413 ± 71 (SD) individuals (265 ± 55 in Sweden and 147 ± 25 in Norway). This method gave a lower population estimate than those found in earlier surveys based on summation of local (municipality) estimates (Troms) and on local tracking surveys (Nordland). The differences may be explained by the existence of a large number of undiscovered natal dens in the two counties mentioned above, but the previous estimates were based on methodologies with sources of error that could inflate estimates. The population size in south‐central Norway (the Snøhetta plateau, Trollheimen, Reinheimen and Rondane), based on the average number of active natal dens during 1995–1997, was estimated to be 26 ± 7 individuals. This was in concordance with the 23–30 individuals estimated from intensive tracking and radio‐telemetry in spring 1995. Monitoring wolverine reproduction as a basis for population estimates could provide an important management tool. Based on our results, we recommend that the management authorities in Norway closely monitor the presently high harvest rate of wolverines in parts of the country, and establish population monitoring methods that allow continuous evaluation of management strategies.
Lead poisoning and trace elements in common eiders Somateria mollissima from Finland
Authors: Hollmén Tuula , Franson J. Christian , Poppenga Robert H. , Hario Martti , Kilpi Mikaei
Published: May 2018

We collected carcasses of 52 common eider Somateria mollissima adults and ducklings and blood samples from 11 nesting eider hens in the Gulf of Finland near Helsinki in 1994, 1995 and 1996. Samples of liver tissue were analysed for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, selenium and zinc. Blood was analysed for lead, mercury and selenium. Most of the 21 adults examined at necropsy were emaciated with empty gizzards, and no ingested shotgun pellets or other metal were found in any of the birds. Three adult females had a combination of lesions and tissue lead residues characteristic of lead poisoning. Two of these birds had acid‐fast intranuclear inclusion bodies in renal epithelial cells and high concentrations of lead (73.4 and 73.3 ppm; all liver residues reported on dry weight basis) in their livers. The third was emaciated with a liver lead concentration of 47.9 ppm. An adult male had a liver lead concentration of 81.7 ppm, which is consistent with severe clinical poisoning. Two other adults, one male and one female, had liver lead concentrations of 14.2 and 8.03 ppm, respectively. Lead concentrations in the blood of hens ranged from 0.11 to 0.63 ppm wet weight. Selenium residues of ≥60 ppm were found in the livers of five adult males. Selenium concentrations in the blood of hens ranged from 1.18 to 3.39 ppm wet weight. Arsenic concentrations of 27.5–38.5 ppm were detected in the livers of four adult females. Detectable concentrations of selenium, mercury and molybdenum were found more frequently in the livers of adult males arriving on the breeding grounds than in incubating females, while the reverse was true for arsenic, lead and chromium. Mean concentrations of selenium, copper and molybdenum were higher in the livers of arriving males than in the livers of incubating hens, but hens had greater concentrations of iron and magnesium. Concentrations of trace elements were lower in the livers of ducklings than in the livers of adults.
Jewish polemics against Christianity and the Christians in Northern and Southern France from 1100 to 1300
Authors: Trautner-Kromann Hanne
Published: May 2018

Jewish polemics against Christianity in the Middle Ages show a striking change in contents and in the linguistic form of the texts after the First Crusade. While the texts up to about 1100 are reports on religious discussions between Jews and Christians, often held in a friendly tone, the texts after 1100 contain aggressive or bitter attacks on the Christians. An example of how this was put into words appears in a Jewish text from the 1250s. In seven points the author gives voice to this protest against the introduction by the French king of a number of harsh edicts against the Jews. There is a marked dividing line between the predominantly aggressive texts from Northern France and the more sober ones from Southern France. On the one hand every single Jewish polemical passage should be analyzed as to form and content, including the context and text type in which the passage occurs, on the other hand the passages should be related to each other including their historical background. By this procedure of comparison every single passage can contribute towards creating a more differentiated and comprehensive picture of the conditions of the Jewish minorities in Christian Europe.
Shylock in Finland: the Jew in the literature of Finland 1900–1970
Authors: Bélinki Karmela
Published: May 2018

Political and other ideological fluctuations have, generally speaking, had a peripheral impact on the literary portrayal of the Jews. The traces of Shakespeare’s Shylock, the archetypal literary image, can be followed both backward and forward in time, from the New Testament to contemporary fiction. The introvert Finnish culture has had other interesting implications&&There is practically no specific Finnish-Jewish literary archetype. The very few examples that Finnish literature offers, both in the positive and in the negative sense, have no particular national characteristics or individual personality, which would deviate from the general picture. They follow foreign modes, such as Isak, the Jew, in Sam Sihvo’s musical burlesque Jääkärin morsian (The Wife of the Jäger). Other Finnish authors in this category are Maila Talvio, who sympathized with Germany, and Olavi Paavolainen, who was a member of the Finnish modernist group Tulenkantajat (“torch carriers”). The virtually only lengthier descriptions of Finnish Jews can be traced to a pair of opposites, Hilja Haahti and Ester Ståhlberg. Haahti was a popular religious writer, who saw the conversion of the Jews to Christianity as the only solution to the Jewish problem. Ester Ståhlberg’s solution was a realisation of a Zionist homeland in Palestine. Post-WW II literature in Finland lacks a profound reaction against Hitler’s destruction of the Jews in Europe, but there are especially two writers, both Finland-Swedish women, to whom the Jews became an important theme, Mirjam Tuominen and Marianne Alopaeus.
Book reviews
Authors: Almbladh Karin , Desmentik Hanne , Trautner-Kroman Hanne
Published: May 2018

Communities of violence: persecutions of minorities in the Middle Ages (David Nirenberg, 1996) is reviewed by Karin Almbladh.Haredim yisraeliim. Histalevut belo temiah? (Israelske Haredim. Integration uden assimilation?) (ed. Emmanuel Sivan & Kimmy Caplan, 2003) is reviewed by Hanne Desmetik.Understanding Judaism. Origins. Beliefs. Practices. Holy Texts. Sacred Places (Carl S. Ehrlich, 2004) is reviewed by Hanne Trautner-Kromann.Det lille mirakel. Jødisk bogkunst i tusind år (Ulf Haxe, 2003) is reviewed by Hanne Trautner-Kromann.
Christianity and Judaism under Islam in Medieval Iraq: Da'ûd al-Muqammas and Sa'd b. Mansûr Ibn Kammûna
Authors: Almbladh Karin
Published: May 2018

In the present paper two attitudes towards Christianity among Jews in Medieval Iraq are discussed, viz. Da'ûd al-Muqammas (second half of the 9th century) and Sa'd b. Mansûr Ibn Kammûna (second half of the 13th century). Da'ûd al-Muqammas was writing in a period when Christianity may have been an attractive alternative for intellectual Jews. His major work still available, 'Ishrûn Maqâla, "Twenty chapters", is an anti-Christian tract demonstrating the continuing validity of Judaism. Addressing a Gentile readership in his Tanqîh al-abhâth li'l-milal al-thalâth, "The examination of the inquiries into the three faiths", Sa'd b. Mansûr Ibn Kammûna upholds the validity of Judaism and Christianity against the claims of Islam in a period when Islam had been reduced to the same status as Judaism and Christianity in the early Mongol rule of Iraq.
ANALISIS KONTRIBUSI GENDER DALAM BUDIDAYA TANAMAN KUCAI SKALA RUMAH TANGGA DI LAHAN PEKARANGAN
Authors: Pintakami Lintar Brillian
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study was to describe the participation of women farmers in the formation of Kampung Kucai through Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT), as well as identifying gender roles and assessing the extent of women's contribution to household income through home gardening optimization for farming activities in Kampung Kucai. the location of the research is purposive in Kampung Kucai, Dusun Kranggan, Pojok Village, Blitar Regency. The study was conducted from March to April 2018. The sampling method used in this study was snowball sampling. The number of respondents in the study were 20 respondents, both husband and wife who were actively involved in Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) in Kampung Kucai. In addition there are 5 Key Informants. Data analysis used descriptive analysis using qualitative and quantitative approach. Based on the data analysis it can be seen that the participation of women in the formation of the village of kucai in the form of cultivation of kucai, promoting, until the sustainable management. The identification of gender roles in the management of cucumber farming in the yard is analyzed by differentiating roles / activities, differences of control (power) and access (opportunities), and benefits between men and women. Then for the time allocation of men in the role of production shows greater than women. Men allocate production roles for 10 hours / day or 66.7%. While women allocate production role for 5 hours / day or 33,3%. So that each contribution in household net income each month is Rp. 460,230, - for men and Rp. 229.770, - for women. While the allocation of female reproductive role is bigger than men with value respectively 50% and 14,5%.
Памяти Веры Антоновны Мартыненко (17.02.1936–06.01.2018)
Authors: Дёгтева С. В.
Published: May 2018

6 января 2018 г. ушла из жизни Вера Антоновна Мартыненко – известный специалист в области исследования флоры сосудистых растений и растительности Крайнего Севера, Заслуженный работник Республики Коми, лауреат Государственной премии Республики Коми в области науки, доктор биологических наук. Вся творческая жизнь Веры Антоновны была связана с Институтом биологии Коми НЦ УрО РАН.