bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF GROWTH PERIOD ON THE MACRO AND MICRO MINERAL CONCENTRATION IN SORGHUM AND MILLET HYDROPONICS FODDERS
Authors: Giwa L. A. , Martins U. , Ohanaka A. U. C. , Anyanwu N. J. , Okoli I. C.
Published: December 2024

This study determined the growth effect of the sprouting period on macro and micro mineral concentration of hydroponics fodder produced from white sorghum, red sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and millet (pennisetum glacum) seed. 2.5 kilograms each of the selected seeds were divided into five groups of 500 g each, and tagged T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, with T1 being the unsprouted seeds and serving as the control, while the T2 – Ts were sprouted. The seeds were transferred to plastic buckets with perforated lids, and soaked in water for 4 hours to activate them. Thereafter, the water was drained, and the seeds left in plastic buckets for 24 hours to further hasten their sprouting. The seeds were then transferred to properly labeled plastic trays measuring approximately 487.68cm and depth of 2.54cm, and having one end perforated to allow for water drainage. The set-up was therefore 15 trays made up of 5 trays per seed type in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The seeds were irrigated trice daily with bore-hole water for 8 days to produce the hydroponic fodders. The mineral concentrations of the fodders were determined at the day 0, 4, 6, and 8 of growth. Progressive increase in the macro and micro-mineral concentration, with sprouting days, was also observed with the 8th day values being significantly higher (p<0.05) than the others. Fe content was much higher in the 6th and 8th day millet fodder than the sorghum fodder, while the zinc and manganese content of the 8th day white sorghum fodder were also much higher than the others. Both the sorghum and millet seeds can be used for hydroponic fodder production in south eastern Nigeria.
ASSESSMENT OF PRELOADING OPERATIONS AND CONDITION OF CATTLE LOADED AT INTERNATIONAL CATTLE MARKET, IBADAN, NIGERIA
Authors: Komolafe P. L. , Babayemi O. J. , Thomas K. A.
Published: December 2024

Loading and offloading exercise if not properly carried out with appropriate equipment can make cattle sustain injuries which can eventually make them emaciate and lose economic value. The study was carried out to assess the condition of cattle loaded for transportation in Akinyele international Cattle Market Ibadan for five consecutive weeks from 7.00am–7.00pm by direct observation with the aid of checklist, camera and recorder. Vehicle-type, ramp-usage, cattle status (standing-DbW or wheeled/carted-DbC) and body condition score-BCS of cattle were assessed. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics (SPSS 20). The study revealed that six types of vehicles were used for transportation and all (100%) cattle were loaded without ramp. Articulated Nissan Cabster (67.7%) was mostly used for transportation while the least was (Articulated Short Trailer) (0.4%) popularly called Caster and single, respectively. A total of 8393 cattle was loaded and Sokoto Gudali was the highest (35.7%) while Kuri the least (6.3%). For cattle status, 38.4% male were delivery by walk (DbW) while 4.5% were delivery by cart (DbC). Also, 46.7% female were DbW while 10.4% were DbC. White Fulani had the highest for both male and female cattle DbC at 37.4% and 39.5%, and Kuri was least for male (3.2%) and female (6.3%). Of the total cattle loaded, 21.5% had 1-2-BCS while 78.5% had 3-5 (BCS). Emaciated females (BCS 1-2) were 15.4% while 6.06%) were males. Loading activities at the study area was inappropriate and some of the cattle transported were observed to lack the stamina to be transportation.
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS AT GOMBE METROPOLITAN ABATTOIR, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Musa B. B. , Shehu M. L. , Egbo M. L.
Published: December 2024

This retrospective study examines the prevalence of bTB at Gombe Metropolitan Abattoir, Nigeria, over a five-year period (2016-2020). Bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is a chronic infectious disease with zoonotic potential, necessitating comprehensive monitoring and control measures. The study analyzed data from postmortem examinations conducted on slaughtered cattle, focusing on the presence of typical tuberculosis lesions. Standard meat inspection procedures were employed, involving visual and palpation examinations of organs and lymph nodes. Statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel and SPSS revealed varying annual and monthly prevalence rates of bTB. Findings indicate an overall annual prevalence rate of 0.96%, with fluctuations observed across the study period. Monthly prevalence rates ranged from 0.41% to 1.19%, with no distinct seasonal pattern identified. However, a higher occurrence of bTB was noted during the wet season compared to the dry season. Despite the relatively low prevalence observed, bTB remains a concern due to its potential impact on public health and livestock welfare. Recommendations include enhancing surveillance systems, raising awareness among stakeholders, implementing biosecurity measures, and fostering collaborative research efforts. These measures are essential for effectively managing bTB and mitigating its spread within the livestock population and to humans.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT COLOURS AND DURATION ON SPERM VIABILITY OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF RAM SEMEN
Authors: Ojo S. T. , Adekunle E. O. , Mbakwe C. C.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different light colours and duration on sperm viability of West African dwarf ram. A total of six West African dwarf rams were used for the experiment. The animals were reared under a semi-intensive management and fed with concentrates and Panicum maximum, with water given ad libitum. Semen was collected using an artificial vagina using a doe as a teaser. The collected semen were pooled together and divided into 5 graduated Eppendorf tube (2mL), placed in a box of 36.5cm x 31cm x 26cm (L × B × H). The light source was a 10w bulb of different colours which were positioned 20cm above the semen sample. With 0 hours as the control, the semen sample was exposed to light for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. The motility, livability, acrosome integrity, membrane integrity and abnormalities were evaluated. The results showed that different light colours have significant (p<0.05) effect on sperm livability and abnormality but not significant (p>0.05) in motility, acrosome and membrane integrity. Duration was observed to be significantly higher (p<0.05) in motility, livability, acrosome and membrane integrity but decreased after 2 hours. In conclusion, different light colours have no detrimental effect on sperm quality and semen collected and intended to be used for artificial insemination should be used at most within 2 hours of collection.
EFFICACY OF SELECTED POLYHERBAL PRODUCTS TO IMPROVE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN RABBIT DOES
Authors: Adenuga Y. O. , Ola S. I.
Published: December 2024

The efficacy of selected of Janova® and Exapar® on the reproductive performance of rabbit does was investigated. Forty rabbit does mixed breeds (1.8-2.4 kg body weight) with 0-2 parities were randomized into four treatments (T1-T4) of ten does each, in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). T1 animals received no herbal supplementation (control); T2 animals were drenched with 0.67 g Janova®/kg body weight (kg/BW); T3 animals were drenched with 0.2 g/kg/BW Exapar®, while the T4 animals were drenched 0.67 g/kg/BW of Janova® + 0.2 g/kg/BW of Exapar®. Data on kindling rate (KR), gestation length (GL), litter size (LSK) and litter weight at kindling (LWK), average kit weight at kindling (AKWK), and sex ratio (SR) were collected. The data collected were statistically analysed using One-way ANOVA of SAS® software, the significant level for the group comparisons was set at p<0.05. Results from the experiment revealed that T1 does had the highest KR of 44%, followed by T2 and T3 does with 33.3% each, while the does in T4 had the least KR of 25%. The GL obtained in the T1 (33.25 ± 0.63d) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the values obtained in treatments T2, T3 and T4 does with mean GL of 31.33 ± 0.33d, 31.33 ± 0.33d and 30.50 ± 0.50d, respectively. Polyherbal products (Janova® and Exapar®) brought about shortened gestation length in the does supplemented as compared to the control group.
EVALUATION OF SOME ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS OF RETAIL CHICKEN SHELL TABLE EGGS WITHIN USMANU DANFODIYO UNIVERSITY, SOKOTO
Authors: Mohammed A. A. , Zainab G.
Published: December 2024

Anatomical and physiological egg quality characteristics are important parameters that affect egg retail value; characteristics such as shape index affect the risk of cracked eggs, egg weight is one of the primary criteria for grading eggs, albumen pH is an important indicator of egg freshness and physicochemical and interfacial property of yolk is affected by pH. Length of storage, temperature and humidity of storage environment affects egg quality parameters. Cracked eggs are also more vulnerable to be affected by the mentioned factors. Adverse weather condition which is prevalent in the humid tropical countries and lack of infrastructural storage facilities for storage of egg, adversely affects egg preservation in these countries Therefore this study was carried out to determine some egg quality parameters within Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. Five eggs were bought from each six randomly selected retailers within Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto at hostels mini market. One Hundred and Twenty (120) eggs were bought for a period of four weeks between July and August. The design of the experiment was a completely randomized design. The six randomly selected egg retailers formed the treatments.Control treatment was added with average standard values of egg weight, albumen pH, yolk pH and egg shape index as obtained in the literature. The number of weeks (4) formed the replicates and 5 egg numbers as units of each replicate. The weight, width and length of each egg were taken to calculate the shape index. Albumen and yolk pH were also measured. GENSTAT package was used for data analysis. Only the albumen pH was significantly (P<0.001) different between the control (Average standard value for albumen pH) and the six egg retailers sampled, though within the acceptable limit. It was concluded that:eggs sold within the Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto Main Campus Hostels Area were of good weight and acceptable albumen pH (freshness).Most of the eggs studied, though not significantly different across the treatments, were not of the standard shape index.
HEAMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF LAYING HENS FED GRADED LEVEL OF PALM BUNCH ASH AS A MINERAL SOURCE
Authors: Nwogu C. M. , Nwogu R. K. , Uwaeziozi U. C. , Ohanaka A. U. C. , Okoli I. C.
Published: December 2024

In producing plant ash, the organic components of the material which ordinarily interact with the mineral molecule to reduce their bioavailability are completely eliminated. The end product may therefore successfully replace intact plant and rock mineral sources in animal and human diets when properly processed. Ash derived from the combustion of various parts of the palm tree such as trunk, inflorescence, bunch and leaves have been analyzed and shown to contain excellent levels of essential minerals, especially potassium, which also makes the ash highly alkaline. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the hematology and serum biochemistry of laying hens fed graded levels of palm bunch ash as mineral source. Empty palm bunches were used for the study. It was cleaned, sundried and burnt to produce palm bunch ash (PBA). It was analyzed for mineral concentration using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Two hundred and forty Isa brown layer birds that were 16 weeks into lay were used to assess the hematological and serum biochemical indices when fed with graded levels of PBA that lasted for 12 weeks. They were divided into four groups of 60 birds each and further replicated three times in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 20 birds per replicate. Four experimental layer diets were formulated such that the control diets had no PBA while the other three diets had graded levels of PBA supplementation in the diets at 0. 10, 0.15 and 0.2kg/100kg of feed respectively in replacement of common salt. Proximate and mineral analysis of the feeds were determined. Blood samples were collected to determine hematological and serum biochemical characteristics. The 0.1kg/100kg diet (T2) supplemented group recorded significantly higher Hb, and PCV values than the control, and the other supplementation groups. Lipid profile results obtained in the study showed that triglyceride, especially the high-density lipoprotein (HDL), decreased in values as the PBA supplementation level increased except at T4. These positive results were supported by superior hematological and serum biochemical indices of T2 and T3 birds.
HAEMATOLOGY OF BROILER CHICKEN AT STARTER PHASE ADMINISTERED WITH HOG PLUM (SPONDIAS MOMBIN) LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: Bello K. O. , Olapade F. M. , Adeoye S. A. , Atijohan J. O. , Abolarinwa A. Q. , Shittu A. A.
Published: December 2024

Broiler chicken requires good attention that will aid the growth potential for effective cost of production without compromising the quality and health status. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate effect of Spondias mombin leaf extract on haematological indices of broiler chickens at starter phase (0-4weeks). Spondias mombin leaf extract was administered at 25mL, 50mL, 75mL and 100mL per litter of water on 200-day-old chicks. Blood sample was collected via jugular vein from two birds per replicate at day 21 into EDA bottles and analysed for packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) and white blood differential count. Result showed that superior (P<0.05) PCV (35.00%), Hb (18.80g/dl), RBC (2.40 x102/l) and heterophils (39.33%) were obtained in birds administered with 75mL extract. Least (P<0.05) white blood cell was obtained with birds on control but was similar (P>0.05) with those on 50mL Spondias mombin extract. Monocytes, eosinophils and basophils, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume were similar (P>0.05) across treatments. The study concluded that Spondias mombin leaf extract was not toxic and could be administered up to 75mL/litre of water without any deleterious effects on blood of 0-4weeks old broilers.
REPLACEMENT VALUE OF ENZYME FORTIFIED FEATHER MEAL ON HAEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF LAYER CHICKENS
Authors: Lumanze N. B. , Okafor O. L. , Kadurumba O. E. , Ekenyem B. U. , Madubuike F. N.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to investigate the replacement value of enzyme fortified feather meal on haematological and serum biochemical indices of layer chickens. A total of one hundred and fifty (150) Isa brown layers were used for the experiment. The birds were randomly assigned to five treatment groups in a completely randomized design, which was further replicated three times. Experimental diets 1,2,3,4,5, were formulated such that diet 1 contained 0% enzyme fortified feather meal, 2,3,4,5 contained 1, 2, 3 and 4% levels of enzyme fortified feather meal respectively. Blood samples were collected from the birds, one sample from each replicate making a total of nine samples per treatment for haematological and biochemical assessment. Results obtained showed significant difference (P<0.05) on all haematological indices and for serum biochemical indices except for albumin, globulin, creatinine, K, bicarbonate and chloride ions which recorded non-significant difference. The study suggested that enzyme fortified feather meal could be used in layer’s diet up to 4% without any adverse effect.
HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF KALAWAD WEANER GOATS FED DIETS CONTAINING MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF MEAL
Authors: Toviesi D. P. , Shittu O. O. , Oderinwale O. A. , Okwelum N. , Famakinde S. A. , Oluwatosin B. O. , Adewumi O. O. , Olalere J. O. , Sulaiman T. O. , Adebambo E. O.
Published: December 2024

This study was carried out to determine the haematology and serum biochemical parameters of KALAWAD weaner goats fed diets containing Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM). The research was carried out at the Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research (IFSERAR), Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB). A total of 12 weaner KALAWAD goats aged of 12-14 weeks old and comprised of 6 males and 6 females were used for the experiment. The goats were allotted to three experimental treatment groups which were: 0, 5.0, and 7.5% Moringa oleifera leaf meal inclusion levels. Data collected were subjected to One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in a Completely Randomized Design. The parameters measured were: Packed cell volume (PCV), Red blood cell (RBC), Haemoglobin (Hb) White blood cell (WBC), Mean Corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC). The Biochemical parameters were: Proteins, Albumin, Glucose, Cholesterol, Phosphorous, Calcium, Aspartate amino transferase (AST) Alanine amino transferase (ALT) Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT). The results showed that 7.5% MLM inclusion level had demonstrated to be important sources of feed and health benefits that would go a long way in filling feed shortage gaps and fighting diseases without adverse effect on the animal. In this study, it was concluded that the inclusion of 7.5% MLM into the diets improved the well-being of the KALAWAD goats.
HAEMATOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF RABBIT BUCKS TO QUANTITATIVE FEED RESTRICTION AND FEEDING TIME
Authors: Istifanus E. F. , Atata I. , Solomon I. P. , Tom E. E. , Whyte I.
Published: December 2024

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of feed restriction, feeding time and their interaction on haematological profile in rabbit bucks. Thirty six (36) rabbit bucks were used for the study. The rabbit bucks were fed 75.00, 67.50 and 60.00g commercial growers’ pellets to represent 100, 90 and 80% daily ration respectively. The bucks were divided into two groups of eighteen (18) bucks each. The first group was fed in the morning while the second group was fed their daily ration in the evening. The bucks were randomly assigned to the three (3) different levels of feed restriction, and replicated three (3) times in both morning and evening group respectively. Bucks fed 100% daily ration served as control. The study adopted a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement in completely randomized design (CRD). At the end of the 4th week of the experiment, blood samples were collected from each replicate for determination of hematological indices. Data obtained were subjected to General linear model (GLM) procedure in a completely randomized design, using IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. The result showed that feed restriction affected (p<0.05) PCV, WBC, neutrophils and lymphocytes of rabbit bucks in the study. Feeding time significantly influenced (p<0.05) PCV, MCV, neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets. There was interaction between feed restriction and time of feeding on MCV, neutrophils, and lymphocytes and platelets. In conclusion, Feeding rabbit bucks 90% of their daily ration in the evening improves most haematological parameters without compromising the health of the animals.
EFFECT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA SAPONIN EXTRACT ON SERUM ENZYMES AND IMMUNOMODULATORY DOSES ADMINISTERED IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: Akangbe E. E. , Odukoya A. A. , Osayande U. D.
Published: December 2024

This study was aimed at investigating the impact of Moringa oleifera saponin extract on liver serum functions and immune response in Wistar rats. Wistar rats were assigned to seven dietary treatments of ten rats each in a completely randomised design consisting of a control (0.mg/L distil water) and three levels each of 1, 1.5 and 2mg/dL of both Moringa oleifera crude extracts and Moringa oleifera saponins respectively. The liver serum parameters were aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Understanding changes in liver serum is essential for evaluating the potential hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of Moringa oleifera saponin extract. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) for ALT and AST, together with Zinc and Immunoglobulin (IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM). While significant difference was observed for ALP, rats given 1 mg/mL moringa extract had the least mean value of ALP. There was Increase in the ALP value for rat given moringa extract from 1 mg/mL to 2 mg/mL while that of crude moringa saponins decreased in value. Values obtained for AST and ALT of rats administered crude moringa extract were apparently higher than those of rats administered moringa saponin and tannin extracts at similar doses. Immune response were observed between the means of all the treatment for Zn, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM with control having significantly highest mean value compared to the treatments. With group given 1 mg/mL crude moringa Saponins having the least significant mean value. Therefore both moringa extract and crude moringa saponin increased in mean value for all parameters measured in the group administered 1 mg/mL to 2 mg/mL. Moreover, the phagocytic activity of immune cells, essential for clearing pathogens from the body, showed improvement in rats exposed to Moringa oleifera saponin extract.
HEAMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF MONGREL RABBITS FED SUPPLEMENTARY GROUNDNUT HAULMS
Authors: Salisu N. , Sulaiman U. , Abdulkadir U. , Tahir A. T. , Sani M. H. , Ubayi K. M. , Shehu B. , Adamu N. , Abdullahi H. I. , Yau M. S. , Gumel A. M. , Mamuda I. , Yunusa K.
Published: December 2024

An experiment was conducted in teaching and research farm Binyaminu Usman Polytechnic, Hadejia. To determine the effect of groundnut haulms supplementation in the diet of mongrel rabbit twelve Weaned Mongrel Rabbit was purchased from Hadejia market (14 weeks average). The experimental animal were allotted in to 4 deity treatment (supplemented with groundnut haulms) which are T1, T2, T3 and T4 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% respectably. Twelve rabbit was use with three rabbit per treatment. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks water and feed was provided ad libitum. Antibiotic and multivitamin was provided to experimental rabbit to tracts mange and other infectious disease. Blood sample was collected after slaughter in using EDTA and Non EDTA bottle and transported to the laboratory for blood metabolite analysis Results of haematological parameters showed there were significant (P<0.05) differences in packed cell volume (PCV%), haemoglobin (hbmg/dl), red blood cells (RBCx1012/L), white blood cells (WBCx109/L), neutrophils (%), while lymphocytes(%), eosinophil(%), monocyte(%), basophils(%) and mean corpuscular volume(MCH fl) were not different (P>0.05) across the treatments. All data generated was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) were there were significance (P>0.05) differences means was separated by using Duncan multiples range using SAS. It is concluded that; groundnut haulms is safe and can be supplemented partially or fully as protein sources and use as a supplementation in the diets of weaned rabbits without no adverse effects on the heamatological and biochemical indices of growing rabbit.
THERMOREGULATORY PARAMETERS OF LACTATING FRIESIAN X BUNAJI COWS AS AFFECTED BY FEED GRADE SELENIUM AND VITAMIN E SUPPLEMENTATION
Authors: Achi N. P. , Achi J. N. , Mallam I. , Sani R. T. , Barje P. P.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of selenium and vitamin E supplementation on lactating Friesian x Bunaji cows. Twenty (20) lactating Friesian x Bunaji cows were used. The study consisted of four treatments with five animals per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Treatment I served as control without selenium or vitamin E supplementation, Treatment II was supplemented with 3 mg of feed grade selenium; Treatment III, with 20 mg of feed grade vitamin E; and Treatment IV was administered a combination of 3 mg feed grade selenium and 20 mg of vitamin E. The treatments were given once a week, while the animals were given free access to grazing and water provided ad libitum. Thermoregulatory parameters of respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and pulse rate (PR) were measured monthly for three months. The respiratory rate was higher (P<0.05) in the control treatment for lactating Friesian x Bunaji cows than other treatments. Rectal temperature and pulse rate for lactating Friesian x Bunaji cows were higher (P<0.05) in the control and selenium treatments, respectively than any other group. It can be concluded that selenium and vitamin E as antioxidants were effective in maintaining thermoregulatory parameters within the normal ranges thereby ameliorating heat stress.
INFLUENCE OF DIETARY BETAINE ON HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF HEAT-STRESSED BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Oladimeji T. S. , Ogunlade J. T. , Olatundun B. E.
Published: December 2024

Heat stress has been negatively implicated in the physiological changes of farm animals, including respiratory alkalosis, endocrine problems, electrolyte imbalance among others. Betaine has been used to mitigate the impact of high ambient temperatures on the performance and health status of broilers. This study investigated the haematological and serum biochemical response of broilers fed different levels at dietary betaine for 56 days during dry season using 180 day-old broiler chicks randomly assigned to five dietary treatments with 36 birds per treatment, each treatment was replicated thrice with 12 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 was the control diet without betaine while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained 1, 2, 3, and 4g of betaine/kg of feed respectively. Results revealed that haematological parameters of the birds were not significantly affected by dietary betaine, except platelet which was significantly affected (p<0.05) with increasing level of betaine. Chickens on diet 5 had significantly superior (p < 0.05) platelet counts (165.50 x 103/μl) when compared with those on other diets. Platelet counts in chickens on T4 (147.00 x 103/μL), T3(135.50x103/μL) and T2(130.50 x 103/μL) were similar. Serum albumin concentrations were significantly higher (p<0.05) in broilers in other treatments compared with those on control diet. Chickens on treatment 3 had superior (p < 0.05) albumin value of 1.55 compared with those on other diets. Albumin in treatments 2, 4, and 5 were statistically similar. Serum electrolytes were significantly reduced (p<0.05) as dietary betaine increased. Other serum parameters were not significantly (p>0.05) affected.
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON REPRODUCTIVE AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF MUTURU CATTLE IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
Authors: Osinowo O. A. , Afoemezie P. I.
Published: December 2024

The Muturu cattle is a shorthorn, humpless and trypanotolerant breed of cattle found in parts of Southern and North Central Nigeria. Though small in size, it is highly valued for its meat quality, ease of management and as a traditional gift during important ceremonies. However, reliable information on reproductive and growth performance of the breed is scarce, hence, a preliminary analysis of data collected between 2016 and 2023 at a Muturu cattle ranch located in the humid zone of Southwest Nigeria was carried out. Parameters analysed were birthweight, secondary sex ratio, calving interval and liveweight. Results showed birthweight of 12.05 + 0.09 kg and 11.22 + 0.13 kg for male and female calves respectively (P<0.001). Calving interval averaged 469.3+31.4 days while calving pattern was significantly influenced by season with most calvings occuring in the late dry season (62.3%) and the least in the late wet season (1.9%). In conclusion, it is recommended that further studies with larger number of animals be carried out for more precise estimates of reproductive and growth parameters in Muturu cattle.
HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF RABBITS FED GRADED LEVELS OF SUNFLOWER SEED (HELIANTHUS ANNUS L.) CAKE
Authors: Aliyu A. M. , Bawa G. S. , Afolayan M. , Ishiaku Y. M. , Bishir B. B.
Published: December 2024

The research was conducted to evaluate the dietary inclusion levels of sunflower seed cake (SFSC) on the haematological parameters of weaner rabbits. Forty-five (45) weaner rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes weighing 867-870 g were used, and randomly allotted into five (5) dietary treatment groups with 9 rabbits per treatment and 3 per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). Five diets were formulated containing SFSC at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% as dietary inclusion levels. Feed and clean water were offered ad libitum and all other management practices were strictly observed throughout the experimental period. Three rabbits from each treatment were randomly selected, 2mL blood samples were collected and taken into EDTA bottles for haematological analysis. Data generated were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using Dunnett’s Test. Result on the haematological parameters showed significant P<0.05) effect in PCV, HB, RBC, WBC, eosinophil, lymphocyte, MCH and MCH. However, the values obtained were within the normal range values reported for healthy rabbits. The values obtained for all parameters measured in this study indicated that the up to 40% SFSC in the diets of rabbits did not have any deleterious effects and the process of blood formation were not interfered on the animal during the experimental period.
EFFECT OF GENOTYPE ON EGG FERTILITY, HATCHABILITY AND CHICK WEIGHT IN TRANSYLVANIAN NAKED NECK CHICKENS AND THEIR CROSSES WITH NIGERIAN INDIGENOUS CHICKENS
Authors: Owolabi T. O. , Majekodunmi B. C. , Akinjute O. F. , Ojoawo H. T. , Abioja M. O.
Published: December 2024

Egg fertility, embryonic mortality, hatchability and chick weight were compared among Transylvanian naked neck (TNN; 100T) chickens and the crosses with Nigerian indigenous (NI) chickens containing 75% (75T), 50% (50T) and 25% (25T) TNN genes. No significant (p>0.05) effect of genotype were observed in the egg fertility and embryonic mortality in TNN chickens and their crosses with NI chicken. Hatchability of set and fertile eggs were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by the genotype. However, chick weight was significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the genotype. The 100T chickens had the highest chick weight (32.3g), though not different from those of 75T. The crossbred chicks (50T and 25T) recorded only 23 and 11% reduction in weight compared to 100T chicks respectively. Crossing TNN chickens with NI chickens may not affect hatching results, except egg weight. Day-old weight of NI chicks could be improved by crossbreeding with TNN chickens.
EFFECT OF DIETARY TURMERIC-GINGER COMBINATION ON SERUM ELECTROLYTES OF BROILER CHICKEN
Authors: Muhammad A. I. , Ibrahim R. G. , Adamu S. B. , Ubali S. , Mustapha K. , Ibrahim F. G.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to examine the health promoting efficacy of turmeric-ginger combination in the diets of broiler chickens using serum electrolytes. A total of two hundred and forty (240) 1-day old Arbor acres strain of broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment was replicated thrice with 16 chicks per replicate (n=48). Five isocaloric-isonitrogeneous experimental diets were formulated in such a way that; birds in group T1 were fed diet containing 1% ginger, 0% turmeric while T2, T3, T4 and T5 groups were fed 0.75%-0.25%; 0.50%-0.50%; 0.25%-0.75% and 0%-1.00% ginger-turmeric combinations, respectively. The feeding trial covered a period of 49 days. There were no significant (P>0.05) difference in terms of chloride (CL), sodium (Na), and aspartate amino transferase (AST). However, there were significant (P<0.05) effects on potassium (K), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), whereby T5 (0% ginger -1% turmeric) recorded the highest value than T4, while T1, T2 and T3 lack significant (P>0.05) difference. Hence, T1 and T2 recorded the higher values in terms of ALT and ALP compared to the remaining treatment groups. Moreover all the serum electrolytes in this study were within the normal reference values of a healthy broiler chicken. The study concluded that, ginger and turmeric has no detrimental effects on serum electrolytes of a broiler chicken. Furthermore, blends of the two phytobiotic feed additives ginger-turmeric combination can substitute commercial antibiotics and impart positive effects on health performances of broiler chickens.
THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKENS FED SUPPLEMENTAL BAOBAB (ADANSONIA DIGITATA L) LEAF MEAL UNDER HEAT STRESS
Authors: Olofin A. A. , Abdulkadir M. T. , Oladele D. F. , Agboola I. A.
Published: December 2024

The thermoregulatory response of broiler chickens fed Baobab (Adansonia digitata L) leaf meal supplementation was evaluated in a 7 weeks trial. Forty-five (45) Cobb 500 broiler chickens were used for the experiment. The birds were distributed into five (5) treatment diets in a completely randomized design and replicated three (3) times where three (3) chicks served as a replicate of each treatment diet. The five (5) dietary treatments were labelled T1 (0.00% BLM), T2 (supplemented with 0.025% BLM), T3 (supplemented with 0.05% BLM), T4 (supplemented with 0.075% BLM) and T5 (supplemented with 0.10% BLM). Data on ambient temperature, relative humidity, axillary and cloaca temperatures were taken, also faecal samples were collected for corticosterone analysis. Results showed significant differences (p<0.05) in the faecal corticosterone levels, birds on T5 (0.10% BLM) had the highest faecal corticosterone (1.094±0.041). The morning, afternoon and evening ambient temperature stood at 25.63±0.40°C, 33.38±0.40°C and 29.35±0.55°C respectively while the relative humidity was at 77.02±5.84%, 53.65±3.21% and 68.29±2.45% for these periods of the day. No statistical differences (P>0.05) were recorded for the axillary and rectal temperatures for different times of the day across the experimental groups, however, birds on T2 (0.025% BLM) had the lowest axillary (40.19±0.10°C), (40.27±0.01°C) and rectal temperature (40.47±0.11°C), (40.42±0.09°C) for morning and evening respectively and least rectal temperature (41.07±0.08°C) in the afternoon. The study thus concluded that supplementing baobab (Adansonia digitata) leaf meal in the diet of broiler chickens can help in ameliorating heat stress.
SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS AND TESTICULAR MORPHOMETRY OF RABBIT BUCKS FED DIETARY LEVELS OF THYME (THYMUS VULGARIS)
Authors: Amaefule B. C. , Ugwuoke K. C. , Umeugokwe P. I. , Nnadozie C. O. , Ikeh N. E. , Anizoba N. W. , Ali L. C. , Ugwu C. M. , Chukwudi P.
Published: December 2024

A study was aimed at investigating the semen characteristics and testicular morphometry of rabbit bucks fed dietary levels of thyme (Thymus vulgaris). A total of 20 mature (seven months old) rabbit bucks were used for the study. The rabbit bucks were randomly allotted to four experimental diets (5/each) and fed for 8 weeks. The diet were formulated with the inclusion of thyme at 0, 5, 10 and 15g of thyme/kg of feed for T1, T2, T3, and T4 respectively. The Experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Fresh experimental diets and clean water were made available ad libitium for the bucks throughout the experimental period. The results indicated that dietary inclusion of thyme significantly (P<0.05) affected all semen parameters except semen pH. Semen volume, forward motilty, live sperm (%) and abnormal sperm (%) of bucks in T4 and T3 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in other treatment groups. Results of testicular morphometry revealed that dietary inclusion of thyme resulted in a significant (P<0.05) increase in testis weight, testis volume and testis circumference with bucks in T4 and T3 outperforming those in other treatment groups. However, no significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in other testicular morphometric indices studied across the treatment groups. From the result, it was concluded that dietary inclusion of thyme at 10g/kg diet improved the semen characteristics and testicular morphometry of rabbit bucks.
EFFECT OF SEX AND LEVELS OF BAKER’S YEAST SUPPLEMENTATION ON BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF DROMEDARY CAMELS
Authors: Ibrahim H. , Lamidi O. S. , Hassan M. R. , Ishiaku Y. M. , Ahmed S. A. , Abdu S. , Musa A. , Abdulrahman M. , Ibrahim U. M. , Saidu U.
Published: December 2024

Three experiments was conducted to determine the effect of sex and baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplement on serum biochemical profile of dromedary camels fed diets containing 14% crude protein (CP). Eighteen (18) male and female camels with an average body weight of 256 ±0.5kg. The camels were balanced for weight randomly allocated in to sex groups (males and females) fed diets containing 14% crude protein (CP) supplemented with 0, 5 and 10g/d BY in 3 x 2 factorial arrangements, replicated 3 times in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). However, baker’s yeast supplement has no effect on sex of the animals. Similarly, no significant (P>0.05) difference was observed in most of the serum biochemical parameters measured. There was an increase in total protein, (TP), albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLO) contents of the blood with increased BY supplements. In conclusion, effect of baker’s yeast supplementation on the serum biochemical profile of dromedary camels sheds light on its potential as a nutritional intervention. The study reveals notable shift in key biochemical parameters, suggesting a modulatory role of yeast supplementation in camel metabolism. Further research should be conducted to delve deeper into the specific mechanism underlying these observed changes, ultimately contributing to the development of effective nutritional practices for the optimal health and productivity of dromedary camels.
DEVELOPMENT OF A DUMMY FOR SEMEN COLLECTION IN RABBITS
Authors: Munu I. , Omoyakhi J. M. , Orhueruata A. M. , Imasuen J. A.
Published: December 2024

In an attempt to make semen collection in rabbits easier, the feasibility of training male rabbits using a dummy with an artificial vagina (AV) inserted was investigated. Dummy was constructed using rabbit skin and frame of different dimensions of height, girth circumference and position of AV. Dummy A had height 12cm, girth circumference 40cm and position of AV 5cm from the floor in a hole, B had height 12 cm, girth circumference 33cm and position of AV 6cm in a slit behind, C had height 10cm, girth circumference 29.5cm and position of AV 7.5cm in a slit behind all with a length of 25.5cm. Animals were trained to use the dummy. Different methods used in the training were smearing of the dummy with feaces and urine from the doe, placing a doe on the dummy while introducing the dummy and placing the doe on the cage while introducing the dummy. Dummy C was successful with good and reproducible results. Ejaculate volume 0.45 mL, concentration 119.9×106 spermatozoa/mL, massal motility was moderate, % live 67.95, % normal 71.55 and % abnormal 28.45. Commercial farmers and small scale farmers can make use of the dummy for semen collection for artificial insemination in rabbits as it can be easily assembled.
HAEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS FED BUCCHOLZIA CORICEA SUPPLEMENTED DIETS
Authors: Omoniyi M. O. , Akinsira H. D. , Oyepitan O. P. , Ezekiel J. D. , Akinsola I. S. , Omotoso O. B. , Fajemisin A. N. , Osho I. B.
Published: December 2024

The study was carried out to determine the haematological profile and serum biochemical indices of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed wonderful kola (Buccholzia coricea) supplemented diet. The study involves 20 WAD goats of age 1-2 years range with an average live weight 6.77±16 kg. Four experimental diets (treatment) were formulated such that 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% of the wonderful kola meal was partially replaced with wheat offal and were incorporated into the formulated feed. The dietary treatments were designated as DI (control), D2, D3, D4, and D5, respectively. The feeding trial lasted eight weeks, during which period feed and water were provided ad libitum. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed for the study and all data obtained from the experiment were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA to compare the results from the four dietary treatments. Results obtained from this study. revealed that the haematological profile and serum biochemical indices of goats recorded no significant (P > 0.05) differences between dietary treatments. The study concludes that wonderful kola seed meal fed goats as supplements to diets will not pose adverse effects on the blood characteristics of goats. The study concludes that the wonderful kola seed when fed as supplements diets will not pose adverse effects on the blood characteristics of goats.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND GUT RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKENS FED THREE SELECTED PHYTOADDITIVES
Authors: Shittu M. D. , Alagbe O. J. , Akinwande B. O. , Adelakun F. A. , Ogunwande H. B. , Emmanuel P. O. , Ojebiyi O. O.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to determine the growth performance and gut responses of broiler chickens fed Xylopia, Ginger and Garlic feed additives. A total of 180 Ross 308 1-day-old chicks were used. There were four treatments which were replicated three times. Each replicate had fifteen birds. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). Control (T1) diets without xylopia, ginger and garlic were formulated while T2, T3, and T4 had 10g of xylopia, ginger and garlic/kg of feed, respectively. The diets and water were offered to the birds ad libitum for 56 days. The birds were weighed on a weekly basis, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were calculated. Three birds each per replicate with representative mean live weight were selected for growth performance evaluation and gut responses. Data collected were analysed using SPSS version 21 and significant means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test of the same statistical package. Result obtained showed significant differences in all growth parameters except FCR and average cost per weight gain. The xylopia group had the highest final weight gain and the most economical FCR. There was reduction in the population of microbes in the birds fed the phtyo-additive compared to the control, this confirm the antimicrobial properties of the various additives used. The study revealed that adding 1% xylopia to broiler feed improved the growth performance and significantly reduced the population of gut microbes and therefore recommended for broiler production.
EFFECT OF SEASON ON THERMOPHYSIOLOGY OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS REARED IN NASARAWA STSTE, NIGERIA
Authors: Bello J. I. , Gambo D. , Yakubu A.
Published: December 2024

Heat stress is one of the major factor affecting production of animals. This has become more worrisome due climate change as a result of depletion of ozone layers. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of season on heat-tolerance traits of West African Dwarf (WAD) goat using 200 (100 bucks and 100 does) mature WAD goats at both wet and dry season. Heat tolerance traits: respiratory rate, pulse rate and rectal temperature were determined eat 30 days intervals for four months each for both wet and dry season. Data were analysed using T-test of the SPSS software version 21. Results indicated that season had significant effect on heat stress parameters. Values (41.19±0.46 vs 39.13±0.46) for rectal temperature was significantly higher in dry season compared to wet season. However, pulse and respiratory rates were higher in wet season. From the outcome of this research, it could be recommended that characterization of WAD goats could be done using heat tolerance traits so as to stimulate production of WAD goats in Nasarawa State due to the fact that they have the potential to adapt to the prevailing environmental conditions in the area.
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF CANE RATS SOURCED FROM THREE WEST AFRICAN COUNTRIES DURING THE WET SEASON IN HUMID TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Olorungbohunmi T. O. , Popoola Y. A. , Oluwole O. O. , Dumade A. S.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to determine the physiological responses of cane rats during the wet season in the humid tropical environment. The study was carried out at the cane rat unit over a period of 8 weeks between the months of March and April at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Moor plantation, Ibadan, Oyo State. A total of 12 cane rats sourced from Togo, Benin and Ghana were used for the study. The rats were housed in tier hutches provided with compounded feed and grasses containing crude protein 18%, metabolizable energy 2450 kcal/kg and grasses, which included elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and Guinea grass (Panicum maximum). Each cane rat was weighed weekly and at the end of the experiment the body weight gain was calculated. The rectal temperature was measured weekly using a digital clinical thermometer and head temperature using the infrared thermometer. Respiratory rate was determined by visually counting the movement of the flanks using a stopwatch. Data was analyzed by using ANOVA and means were separated by using Duncan multiple range test. No significant difference in the values obtained from the respiratory rate of the cane rats from the different locations. Same trend was followed for the head and rectal temperature, values obtained fell within the normal range of value for rabbits. Body weight gain of the cane rats were similar. It was concluded from all the parameters taken, that cane rats from the different locations were well adapted to the environment during the wet season.
EFFECT OF DURATION OF FEEDING ON SCROTAL CIRCUMFERENCE, SEMEN QUALITY AND SPERM MORPHOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS OF RED BUCKS FED WHOLE COTTONSEED AND COTTONSEED CAKE
Authors: Bishir B. B. , Iyeghe-Erakpotobor G. T. , Alhabib I. K.
Published: December 2024

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of duration of feeding on semen quality of Red Sokoto bucks fed whole cottonseed and cottonseed cake. A total of twenty-four (24) healthy Red Sokoto bucks were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments contained 10, 20 and 30% inclusion levels of either whole cottonseed (WCS) or cottonseed cake (CSC) in diets which were fed to the bucks over a period of 98 days after a 14-day adjustment period. Duration of feeding had significant (P<0.05) effect on sperm morphological abnormalities such as detached head, coiled tail, free tail, cytoplasmic droplets, dag defects and stunted tail which increased and decrease from the 2nd to 12th week. It was therefore concluded that bucks fed diets with CSC performed better than WCS and that up to 20% of CSC can be fed to breeding bucks whereas WCS should not be fed to breeding bucks except at very low levels (10%) as it negatively affects semen quality of Red Sokoto bucks.