bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tworzenie obrazu przeszłości w trylogii robotniczej Andrzeja Wajdy
Authors: Kornacki Krzysztof
Published: October 2020

Observing the process of the birth of Man of Marble – Man of Iron – Wałęsa. Man of Hope trilogy we can clearly see the author’s increasing tendency to render movie fiction real, in the sense that fiction should be treated as reality, as its equivalent. In the two first films in the trilogy, what is visible is the intensified blurring of the lines between fiction and reality, substituting what is fact with something concocted. What we can also see here is a tendency to boost the credibility of a fictional story, thanks to the use of conventions and documentary materials. Gradual changes made in the sphere of art were connected with the director’s public activities, in which he gradually crossed the boundaries not only of social, but also political praxis. Moreover, in creating the trilogy we can see a voluntaristic trend to perceive the past as the history of “great men” and to canonize the glorious image of history. All these tendencies were expressed in the latter work. Wajda completed this as a clear response to political moves by certain politicians and historians attacking Wałęsa. Preparing a movie about him, he approached verification of historical data with a single-minded attitude. Thus in this film we can observe “true fabrications”. Wałęsa pervades the story, and there is no room for other important figures in the historical process. Additionally, in order to create an imagined, idealistic image of Wałęsa (“Wałęsa 2.0”), the actor playing this role “expels him” from the archive material.
Dokumentalny świat Andrzeja Wajdy
Authors: Mąka-Malatyńska Katarzyna
Published: October 2020

The article introduces a relatively unknown aspect of Andrzej Wajda’s output – his documentary films. The author examines documentaries on art and autobiographical film, which usually comprise glosses on feature films. These non-fiction films, like Wajda's best-known movies, refer to the codes of Polish culture, created by art and literature, and thanks to which the creative output of the maker of Afterimage (Powidoki) appears to unusually coherent and consistent, regardless of the genealogical classification. The author selects examples to analyse the connections between Wajda’s feature films and the conventions of the documentary. Wajda’s overriding aim in using the poetics of documentary is in each case to undertake mise-en-abîme reflections.
Performatywność reprezentacji
Authors: Krajewska Anna
Published: October 2020

Starting from a reference to René Magritte`s painting “The Images of Treachery”, the introductory article focuses on a performative understanding of representation. Pointing to the perspective of this painting, literary fiction, acting and masks, it refers to dramatic views in literary studies.
Jacques Derrida and zoomorphism: an inquiry
Authors: Michta Kamil
Published: October 2020

The article discusses zoomorphism as part of the anthropocentric discourse aimed at establishing human dominance over animals. Basing on Jacques Derrida’s 1997 paper “The Animal That Therefore I Am (More to Follow),” the article approaches anthropomorphism and zoomorphism as culturally sanctioned ways of misrepresenting animality and shaping human attitudes towards real-life animals. A symptom of the misrepresentation is the gap between animals and their linguistic denotations. The specific aim of the article is to demonstrate that zoomorphism as used in everyday language conserves the human-centered vision of the world by ignoring the differences between individual animals. The discussion concludes by arguing that zoomorphism can be remedied by the individualizing aspects of anthropomorphism.
Entropijne porównanie nierówności regionalnych postsocjalistycznych państw członkowskich UE w latach 2000 i 2014
Authors: Hauke Jan
Published: October 2020

W artykule przedstawiono badanie zmian w zróżnicowaniu regionalnym 11 postsocjalistycznych państw członkowskich UE w latach 2000–2014 w oparciu o entropijną statystykę Shannona i algorytm opracowany przez Semple’a i Gauthiera. Praca stanowi kontynuację rozważań przedstawianych przez Czyż i Hauke (2015) w odniesieniu do Polski. Analizę przeprowadzono na podstawie zmian wartości produktu krajowego brutto (PKB) per capita w układzie 218 regionów. Regiony te są częściowo skorygowanymi przez połączenia jednostkami statystycznymi NUTS3. Zostały one wyznaczone przez Perdała (2018).
Aktywność i skuteczność władz samorządowych Turku w pozyskiwaniu środków europejskich w latach 2004–2013
Authors: Ochota Dawid
Published: October 2020

Wejście Polski do Unii Europejskiej stworzyło dla samorządu terytorialnego nowe szanse w zakresie kreowania rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego. Praktycznym tego wyrazem stała się możliwość dofinansowania projektów podejmowanych przez władze gminne, które bez wsparcia ze środków europejskich nie zostałyby zrealizowane. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest identyfikacja aktywności i skuteczności władz samorządowych Turku w pozyskiwaniu środków europejskich w latach 2004–2013. Analiza została przeprowadzona w odniesieniu do przyjętych w pracy czynników rozwoju lokalnego przy uwzględnieniu struktury zadań własnych gmin, co pozwoliło na określenie głównych kierunków udzielonego wsparcia finansowego. Wyniki przeprowadzonego postępowania badawczego wskazują, że aktywność i skuteczność władz Turku w pozyskiwaniu środków europejskich była zróżnicowana w czasie. W odniesieniu do przyjętych w pracy czynników rozwoju lokalnego należy stwierdzić, że działania zostały ukierunkowane przede wszystkim na rynek pracy i strukturę gospodarczą miasta, a w układzie zadań własnych najwięcej środków pozyskano na działania związane z infrastrukturą techniczną i ładem przestrzennym.
Chrześcijanie i poganie. O problemach interpretacji odkryć archeologicznych związanych z początkami chrześcijaństwa na ziemiach polskich.
Authors: Buko Andrzej
Published: October 2020

Mediaeval historians as well as archaeologists have been intrigued by the beginning of Christianity in Poland. The interest intensified in 2016 when the country celebrated the 1050th anniversary of the baptism of Poland. The accompanying discussions indicate that facing the ambiguous written sources, researchers still disagree about fundamental data like the year and the location of the baptism, its circumstances or material evidence of the events. An argument was put forward that in this context, celebrating the 1050th anniversary of the baptism of Poland is groundless. Attention was drawn to the fact that baptism of the ruler and his entourage did not affect the country’s inhabitants who remained pagans for a long time afterwards. In this article, I highlight some aspects of the research and the controversy surrounding the interpretation of archaeological finds from the beginning of Christianity in Poland. I also indicate other possibilities of interpreting the existing archaeological sources and the possible ways in further research.
Czy „Ifing” to „Ilfing”? Rzeka graniczna w kontekście tożsamości kulturowej mieszkańców Truso
Authors: Jagodziński Jakub
Published: October 2020

The trading centre in Janów Pomorski is a well-researched and documented settlement. However, no research has been conducted into the toponymy in the context of the cultural identity of Truso settlers. This article is an original reflection on the possible relations between Ilfing, a river known from Wulfstan’s account, and Ifing mentioned in the Poetic Edda. Professor L. Słupecki’s remark on the undeniable similarity of the two names of the rivers inspired a stimulated discussion.
Profesora Władysława Łosińskiego wkład w polską archeologię wczesnego średniowiecza, czyli przyczynek do szkicu o pokoleniu archeologów okresu badań „Milenijnych”
Authors: Kara Michał , Michałowski Andrzej , Rębkowski Marian
Published: October 2020

Profesora Władysława Łosińskiego wkład w polską archeologię wczesnego średniowiecza, czyli przyczynek do szkicu o pokoleniu archeologów okresu badań „Milenijnych”
Problematyka zachodniosłowiańskich grodów plemiennych w świetle badań archeologicznych w dorzeczu dolnej Parsęty.
Authors: Brzostowicz Michał
Published: October 2020

This article presents tribal gords in the West Slavic Territory. The analysis was performed on the lower Parsęta basin and selected regions in Poland (chiefly Wielkopolska, Małopolska and Mazowsze). Considerable attention was paid to the origin of the gords, their function and role at a time preceding establishment of the early medieval state structures.
Zagadnienie tzw. grodów kultowych na wczesnośredniowiecznym Pomorzu
Authors: Kajkowski Kamil
Published: October 2020

Zasadniczym problemem badawczym, jakim poświęcono prezentowane uwagi, jest zagadnienievidentyfikacji i obecności na Pomorzu struktur osadniczych określanych w literaturze archeologicznej jako grody kultowe. Charakterystyce poddano cechy konstrukcyjne oraz zarejestrowane w obszarach zamkniętych pierścieniem wałów źródła wykopaliskowe mogące podważać osadnicze i/lub militarne przeznaczenie grodów. Do tych ostatnich zaliczono słabo czytelną warstwę kulturową (lub jej brak) i obecność obiektów i/lub zabytków mogące wskazywać na czasowy, a w związku z tym nieutylitarny charakter pobytu w ich obrębie grup ludzkich. Wyznaczone kryteria zaobserwowano na kilkunastu grodziskach pomorskich, które poddano możliwe dokładnej analizie. W jej wyniku dokonano dalszych spostrzeżeń pozwalających na hipotetyczne włączenie niektórych z badanych grodzisk do korpusu obiektów mogących mieć związek z realizacją potrzeb kultowo-obrzędowych.
WPŁYW MEDIÓW NA KREOWANIE WIZERUNKU STAROŚCI W REKLAMIE TELEWIZYJNEJ – BADANIE PILOTAŻOWE
Authors: Kowalewska Kinga
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the article is to find the answer to the questions whether television commercials have an impact on creating the image of the elderly and what image of old age and lifestyle of the elderly is built on the basis of television ads. Studies have confirmed the hypothesis and have shown that the media through the content presented in TV commercials have a real impact on the shape of the image of the elderly population. The results allow the media to be seen as strong and efficient tools in the process of creating the image as such, also of other populations or individuals. The qualitative results have shown that the image of old age is seen mainly as positive and neutral, whereas their lifestyle is perceived as real, idealized and attractive.
THE NEW PARADIGM OF MEDICAL ENGLISH TEACHING AT THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL
Authors: Wiertlewska Janina
Published: October 2020

Currently practised methods of medical English instruction at tertiary education level often focus on medical terminology embedded in the English language classes. These strategies which comprise medical terminology and simple dialogues do not meet the needs of highly qualified medical health care workers (doctors, nurses, paramedics and many others). The new paradigm claims that medical English should be taught from the perspective of medicine and health care first and reinforced by the vocabulary acquisition; first – teach the students standards of medical practice (anatomy, pharmacology, physiology, medical sciences. and behavioural/ethical procedures), later on – concentrate on medical communication (see: M. Hull, 2004). The following paper concentrates on both formerly mentioned parameters; and also includes student and teacher motivation. Further, language acquisition as well as language learning are discussed. The new paradigm is defined as a combination of academic preparation which comprises cognitive and behavioural approaches that appear to be secondary to the context of the given class. Students are encouraged to search for synonyms, abbreviations and alternative ways of expressing meaning to communicate with each other. They also prepare their own multimedia presentations in the group and deliver speeches on subjects contained in curriculum. Concluding, the author of this paper expresses the opinion that foundational underpinnings of the curriculum of the Medical English course should be linked to the parameters for the health care professions. Context of the classes needs to be relevant to the work of the health professionals (according to Pratt and others, 2002). Over the last 10 years the paradigm for medical English teaching in North America and West European countries has changed enormously and has started to pave its new way at tertiary education level in Poland as well, which is presented briefly in this paper and – hopefully will continue to develop according to the newly occurring phenomena.
RECEPCJA ESTETYCZNA POEZJI KONKRETNEJ NA LEKCJI JĘZYKA OBCEGO
Authors: Meinel Katarzyna
Published: October 2020

The subject of the article is the aesthetic reception of concrete poetry and the possibility of its use in foreign language classes. Reception aesthetics concentrates on the reception of the work and not its production. Concrete poetry works on sight and hearing, combines decoding of letters with visual perception and creates special opportunities for aesthetic reception in foreign language classes. The article draws attention to the phenomenon of text communication. The historical background and the first attempts to experiment with concrete poetry are discussed. Works of concrete poetry bring together aesthetics and didactics, which justifies their use in class. The functions and objectives of working with concrete poetry in the lesson are discussed and examples of works included in textbooks and examples of lesson scenarios are given.
Z czerwonym Kielichem. Przedmiot wiary husytów w Trylogii husyckiej Otokara Vavry.
Authors: Łazarz Radosław
Published: October 2020

The study is dedicated to Otokar Vavra’s cinematographic “Hussites Revolutionary Trilogy”. The films were shot in the 1950s as colour motion pictures. The main idea is based on Alois Jirasek’s trilogy and Frantisek Palacky’s philosophy of history combined with some ideological concepts revolving around the communist interpretation of Hussites. The three films: Jan Hus (1954), Jan Žižka (1955) and Proti všem (Against All Odds, 1957) pose some sort of a challenge by showing a religious movement from an atheist’s perspective. Vavra indeed created a work of propaganda, a heroic story of the Czech folk fighting against foreign powers (lords and nobles, crusaders) which had the potential of underpinning the communist ideology in Czechoslovakia. On the other hand, the trilogy took in a new symbolic meaning after the 1968 occupation by the Warsaw Pact.
Польский переселенческий говор в Респ ублике Хакасия и в Красноярском Крае РФ
Authors: Егоров Илья Михайлович
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the essential aspects of the phonetic and, primarily, grammatical system of the Polish immigrant dialect spoken in two villages in Western Siberia: Znamenka (Bogradsky District of the Republic of Khakassia) and Alexandrovka (Krasnoturansky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai). The dialect appeared in the Yeniseysk Governorate of the Russian Empire at the end of 1890s as a result of Polish rural migration from Volhynia to Siberia. Before that, the ancestors of those settlers had moved to Volhynia from Masuria. The examined dialect shows relatively good preservation of its original system. At the same time, it has been strongly influenced by Russian, as the dominant language of its surroundings. The main effect of this intensive contact is the further development of trends that had taken place in the original dialect system, which have been supported by the Russian language.
Literatura jako (auto)kreacja. Widmowy świat prozy Jerzego Pilcha
Authors: Nakoneczny Tomasz
Published: October 2020

The article is an attempt at presenting the works of Jerzy Pilch in the context of a literature-centric tradition according to which a writer enjoys a privileged position in a culture. This allows him/her to speak about the world and him/herself from the viewpoint of a finder of truth, a depositor of universal values. In the culturally altered reality of the last few decades, a writer affected by the literature-centric tradition needs to look for various forms of compensating for lost status. A case in point is Jerzy Pilch, whose most elaborate style, combined with mythologizing his own biography, are a tool for “coping” with the generally lower standards of culture. The inconsistencies and incoherence of the writer’s auto-creation, their spectral nature, reminiscent ofDerrida’s philosophy, reveal the genuine dimension of the struggle with modernity faced by Pilch the traditionalist.
Pożegnanie z imperium? Użyteczność teorii postkolonialnej w badaniach nad współczesną ukraińską prozą kobiecą
Authors: Radecka Aniela
Published: October 2020

Farewell to Empire is not a one-off act but an extremely complex process that has lasted many years. The decolonisation and de-Sovietisation of Ukrainian society is possible only by overcoming the mental effects of colonialism. Existence from revolution to revolution, and in consequence from revolution to war, was an experience shared by at least three generations of Ukrainian writers. However, each generation has either had different experiences with the previous political system, or none at all. Yet their lives are now connected with it through the experiences of previous generations. In the case of the contemporary analysis of Ukrainian women’s prose, the postcolonial perspective, combined with gender studies and a feminist critique, provides an extensive theoretical background for distinguishing the consequences of colonial/totalitarian practices and resistance strategies. In these narratives, women are the subjects and they speak in their own names. By analysing the literary representations of female figures who have contributed to the literary development of the independent state since the 1990s, the women can recreate their roles in creating modern Ukrainian statehood, shaping an independent society, or, on a micro scale, recreating their path to (re)constructing their own identity.
O prawo do różnicy – o postawie zaangażowanej w pisarstwie Predraga Matvejevicia (szkic)
Authors: Kubik Damian
Published: October 2020

The article attempts to analyse the concept of engagement (commitment) in the books of Predrag Matvejević, a remarkable Croatian intellectual. Starting with a short presentation of his nonconformist views on political, social and cultural issues, the article focuses on highlighting the main features of his fight for the right to be different, one of the most important rights in the eyes of an intellectual.
Miejsce gwary luzińskiej wśród gwar kaszubskich w świetle faktów fonetycznych i fonologicznych
Authors: Jocz Lechosław
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the position of the Luzino dialect among Kashubian dialects in the light of phonetic and phonological features. The analysis takes into account eleven vowel features, one consonant feature and two prosodical features. A significant part of the discussed phenomena are the recent phenomena that have gone unnoticed, or been dealt with only marginally in the existing literature on the subject. One archaism links the Luzino dialect with the core central Kashubian area, but it is differentiated by seven innovations. The peripheral central Kashubian dialects indicate stronger relationships with the area of Luzino (one important archaism and one significant north Kashubian innovation). Three archaisms and nine innovations link the Luzino dialect withthe north Kashubian area. Two vocal changes are typical only of the discussed area, and differentiate it from northern as well as southern Kashubian. From the phonetic and phonological point of view, the Luzino dialect should undoubtedly be classified as a marginal north Kashubian dialect.
Językowe właściwości autora czy zecera w XVII-wiecznym tekście drukowanym ?
Authors: Pihan –Kijasowa Alicja
Published: October 2020

17th-century printed texts, represented in the article by stylistically uniform texts of church sermons, mainly funeral sermons, are characterised by significant differences in the frequencies of specific forms entering into the composition of variant pairs or sequences. The completed research experiment consisted in the comparison of the frequency of individual variants. Firstly, in texts by a single author published in different printing offices in different cities, secondly, in texts by a single author published in different printing shops, but in the same city, and finally, in texts by various authors published in the same printing shop. The experiment demonstrated that, generally, the author of a printed text was not the one who made the selection of a specific word form constituting a part of a variant pair. We must note the significant contribution to this process of workers in the book industry employed in publishing offices: editors, proofreaders and type-setters. Usually, it is difficult to say that 17th- century printed texts were characterised by the originality of the language of their authors or proofreaders/ typesetters. A different attitude towards the problem would be more appropriate, acknowledging that we are dealing with linguistic properties of text which include some components of language used by the author – editor/proofreader – typesetter.
Polskie nazwy służebne związane z funkcjonowaniem i ochroną średniowiecznych szlaków komunikacyjnych
Authors: Sosnowski Jan , Witczak Krzysztof Tomasz
Published: October 2020

The article focuses on two different categories of Old Polish service peasants, which were connected with operating and maintaining medieval routes (roads) in the Polish state under the early Piast dynasty. The first question, discussed by the authors, refers to the Polish place name Czastary (Wieluń district), which seems to represent a service village, inhabited earlier by “road-workers” (Lat. stratifices) originally called *castari (< Proto-Slavic *cěstarjь, pl. *cěstarji). The second problem concerns Old Polish “bridge-makers”. It is suggested, on the basis of the toponomastical data (see three Polish place names Bierwce, Bierniki and Biernik), that the peasants who were obliged to create bridges or foot-bridges, were called *bi(e)rwci (< Proto-Slavic *brъvьсi) or *bi(e)rwnici (< Proto-Slavic *brъvьnici).
Zdziwienie czy aprobata? Obraz doświadczenia religijnego w powieści Františki Jirousovej Vyhnanci
Authors: Gawarecka Anna
Published: October 2020

It is only natural that the rapid secularization of the Czech society has become an object of interest of political scientists, religious and cultural scientists and sociologists. The secularization is sometimes considered a result of dissolution of the traditional models treated as incontrovertible identity based on belief in the existence of the highest instance. It is regarded a donor and guarantee of absolute rights (ontological and ethical) determining the ways in which the anthroposphere operates. This situation often raises concern; on the one hand, it is related to ideological pluralism increasingly hindering the axiological agreement between all members of the society and, on the other hand, it initiates a discussion about the necessity of searching and confirming new identity patterns. Františka Jirousová’s novel Vyhnanci (The Exiles) presents the spiritual indecisions of young people and as such it could be acknowledged as a literary manifesto of this concern. The prestigious Jiří Orten prize awarded to the novel shows that religious and metaphysical questions are still important issues which do not cease to affect the postmodern world.
Rękopisy literackie Biblioteki Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk
Authors: Hojdis Bogdan
Published: October 2020

This article is a presentation of literary manuscripts stored in the Library of the Poznan Society for the Advancement of Arts and Sciences. The history of taking over the Sulkowski Archives is briefly described together with manuscripts donated by Wawrzyniec Benzelstjerna Engeström and collections donated by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski. The dramas from Wojciech Simon’s Theatrical Library and autographs of famous people including Cyprian Godebski, Ignacy Krasicki, Ludwik Kropiński, Fryderyk Skarbek, Ignacy Tański, Klementyna Tańska Hoffman, Antoni Edward Odyniec, Stefan Garczyński, Juliusz Słowacki, Władysław Bentkoweski, Jan Zachariasiewicz and Tadeusz Różewicz are regarded by experts as very interesting manuscripts owned by the Society, preserved and regained after 1945. The article presents volume II of the „Inventory of manuscripts“ published in 2017 and a project of digitalizing literary manuscripts from the Society’s collection.
Karta Rogawskiego. Zapomniany zabytek języka staropolskiego
Authors: Rojszczak-Robińska Dorota
Published: October 2020

The article is a new edition of Karta Rogawskiego, a forgotten 15th century work written in the Polish language. The previous edition, available only in transliteration, comes from 1911. It is a single parchment sheet torn from a different code and then used as a cover, now partly illegible. The content revolves around a scene of Jesus being interrogated by Pontius Pilate, who delivers judgement. The article provides a new transliteration as well as transcription; photographs of the the manuscript have also been attached.
Kant and Consequentialism in Context: The SecondCritique’s Response to Pistorius
Authors: Walschots Michael H.
Published: October 2020

Commentators disagree about the extent to which Kant’s ethics is compatible with consequentialism. A question that has not yet been asked is whether Kant had a view of his own regarding the fundamental difference between his ethical theory and a broadly consequentialist one. In this paper I argue that Kant does have such a view. I illustrate this by discussing his response to a well-known objection to his moral theory, namely that Kant offers an implicitly consequentialist theory of moral appraisal. This objection was most famously raised by Mill and Schopenhauer, but also during Kant’s time by Pistorius and Tittel. I show that Kant’s response to this objection in the second Critique illustrates that he sees the fundamental difference between his moral theory and a broadly consequentialist one to be one that concerns methodology.
Existence results for nonlinear coupled system of integral equations of Urysohn Volterra-Chandrasekhar mixed type
Authors: Nabil Tamer
Published: October 2020

The combined systems of integral equations have become of great importance in various fields of sciences such as electromagnetic and nuclear physics. New classes of the merged type of Urysohn Volterra-Chandrasekhar quadratic integral equations are proposed in this paper. This proposed system involves fractional Urysohn Volterra kernels and also Chandrasekhar kernels. The solvability of a coupled system of integral equations of Urysohn Volterra-Chandrasekhar mixed type is studied. To realize the existence of a solution of those mixed systems, we use the Perov’s fixed point combined with the Leray-Schauder fixed point approach in generalized Banach algebra spaces.
Sprachenbildung und -förderung im schulischen Kontext – Kooperationsprojekt zur Qualifizierung von Lehrenden zwischen der Universidad Nacional de Colombia, niedersächsischen Hochschulen und der Deutschen Schule Bogotá
Authors: Münch-Manková Zuzana , Müller de Acevedo Juliane
Published: October 2020

In der Fortbildung „Sprachbildung- und -förderung / Deutsch als Zweit- und Fremdsprache“, die im Verbundprojekt des Mercator-Instituts „Umbrüche gestalten“ entwickelt wurde, sollten kolumbianische und deutsche Lehrkräfte gemeinsam weitergebildet werden. In vier Modulen, die an die kolumbianischen Bedürfnisse angepasst wurden, setzten sich die Lehrenden mit den sprachpolitischen Grundlagen des DaZ-Unterrichts, der Förderung bildungssprachlicher und interkultureller Kompetenzen, dem Konzept des Sprachsensiblen Fachunterrichts sowie der Sprachdiagnostik auseinander.
DaF studieren in Lateinamerika – berufsbegleitend und praxisorientiert im Doppel-Master der Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín (Kolumbien) mit der Pädagogischen Hochschule Freiburg (Deutschland)
Authors: Müller Kristina , Friederici Luisa , Werder Sophie von
Published: October 2020

Der Artikel präsentiert anhand einer Befragung von Absolventinnen und Absolventen Erfolge und Herausforderungen des deutsch-kolumbianischen DoppelmasterprogrammsMaestría en Lingüística – Linea Alemán como Lengua Extranjera/MA Deutsch als Zweit- und Fremdsprache. Nach einer kurzen Vorstellung des Studiengangs wird die Planung und Durchführung der Online-Umfrage erläutert sowie ausgewählte Ergebnisse besprochen, auf Grundlage derer abschließend konkrete Verbesserungsmaßnahmen diskutiert werden.
Tuṭṭanabšum: Princess, Priestess, Goddess
Authors: Kraus Nicholas Larry
Published: October 2020

Tuṭṭanabšum, daughter of Naram-Suen, was one of the most powerful women of the Akkadian dynasty. The princess was installed as the high priestess of Enlil at Nippur; she held one of the highest cultic positions for the head of the Sumerian pantheon, in a city whose temple served as the religious capital of Sumer. Now, an administrative tablet from the Iraq Museum shows that Tuṭṭanabšum, like her father, was also elevated to the realm of the divine. Never before has there been evidence that a member of the Akkadian royal family other than the king was given divine status. The tablet demonstrates that the divinity adopted by Naram-Suen after his victory in the Great Rebellion applied not only to the king, but to other members of the royal family. Tuṭṭanabšum, therefore, was not only a member of the royal house and one of the highest cultic officials in the empire, but was also elevated to the divine realm.
Modulation instability in nonlinear chiral fiber
Authors: Gelmecha Demissie Jobir , Singh Ram Sewak
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the rigorous derivations of generalized coupled chiral nonlinear Schrödinger equations (CCNLSEs) and their modulation instability analysis have been explored theoretically and computationally. With the consideration of Maxwell’s equations and Post’s constitutive relations, a generalized CCNLSE has been derived, which describes the evolution of left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) and right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) components propagating through single-core nonlinear chiral fiber. The analysis of modulation instability in nonlinear chiral fiber has been investigated starting from CCNLSEs. Based on a theoretical model and numerical simulations, the difference on the modulation instability gain spectrum in LCP and RCP components through chiral fiber has been analyzed by considering loss and chirality into account. The obtained simulation results have shown that the loss distorts the sidebands of the modulation instability gain spectrum, while chirality modulates the gain for LCP and RCP components in a different manner. This suggests that adjusting chirality strength may control the loss, and nonlinearity simultaneously provides stable modulated pulse propagation.
Resource Use Efficiency of Smallholder Producers Cooperative in Nigeria
Authors: Sofoluwe Nurudeen Afolabi , Tijani Akeem Abiade
Published: October 2020

The objective of this study is to analyse efficiency in resource use by cooperative producers with specialization in vegetable production and estimate the costs and return to such enterprises under cooperative conditions. Marginal physical product (MPP), marginal value product (MVP), and marginal factor costs (MFC) in addition to budgetary analysis were utilised to analyse the primary data collected through the questionnaire. The enterprise efficiency level is 0.06, the benefit-cost ratio is 1.06 while the expense structure ratio 0.37. The MVP results showed that all the resources used in production are under-utilized suggesting inefficiency of resource use by the cooperative producers. The result can be of advantage to producers if an appropriate understanding of cooperative principles is put into perspective in production-related decisions. Improvement of the level of utilization of input resources should be of interest to the government and related stakeholders.
Soliton dynamics of ring quantum cascade lasers with injected signal
Authors: Prati Franco , Brambilla Massimo , Piccardo Marco , Columbo Lorenzo Luigi , Silvestri Carlo , Gioannini Mariangela , Gatti Alessandra , Lugiato Luigi A. , Capasso Federico
Published: October 2020

Nonlinear interactions in many physical systems lead to symmetry breaking phenomena in which an initial spatially homogeneous stationary solution becomes modulated. Modulation instabilities have been widely studied since the 1960s in different branches of nonlinear physics. In optics, they may result in the formation of optical solitons, localized structures that maintain their shape as they propagate, which have been investigated in systems ranging from optical fibres to passive microresonators. Recently, a generalized version of the Lugiato–Lefever equation predicted their existence in ring quantum cascade lasers with an external driving field, a configuration that enables the bistability mechanism at the basis of the formation of optical solitons. Here, we consider this driven emitter and extensively study the structures emerging therein. The most promising regimes for localized structure formation are assessed by means of a linear stability analysis of the homogeneous stationary solution (or continuous-wave solution). In particular, we show the existence of phase solitons – chiral structures excited by phase jumps in the cavity – and cavity solitons. The latter can be deterministically excited by means of writing pulses and manipulated by the application of intensity gradients, making them promising as frequency combs (in the spectral domain) or reconfigurable bit sequences that can encode information inside the ring cavity.
Noise monitoring in Monza (Italy) during COVID-19 pandemic by means of the smart network of sensors developed in the LIFE MONZA project
Authors: Bartalucci Chiara , Borchi Francesco , Carfagni Monica
Published: October 2020

As a scientific consequence of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, several initiatives have taken place in order to monitor noise levels trends before and after the lock down phase in several Italian and European cities. In Monza (Italy), since June 2017, a new smart noise monitoring system consisting of 10 sensors developed in the frame of the LIFE MONZA project is continuously measuring acoustic data every second and transmitting them hourly to a dedicated server. The sensors are located both along a main street of the Libertà district characterised by high traffic flows and along secondary streets of the district; they are positioned on (preferably sensitive) buildings facades and on streetlamps.

In the present paper results of a study concerning changes occurred in noise levels trends before and during the lock down phase for the smart sensors are presented, together with a comparison with noise levels collected by the same sensors in the equivalent months of the previous year. Some preliminary considerations regarding the reliability of the sensors themselves are also provided.
The Shifting Baselines of the British Hare Goddess
Authors: Murphy Luke John , Ameen Carly
Published: October 2020

The rise of social zooarchaeology and the so-called ‘animal turn’ in the humanities both reflect a growing interest in the interactions of humans and non-human animals. This comparative archaeological study contributes to this interdisciplinary field by investigating the ways in which successive human cultures employed religion to conceptualise and interact with their ecological context across the longue durée. Specifically, we investigate how the Iron Age, Romano-British, early medieval English, medieval Welsh, and Information Age populations of Great Britain constructed and employed supranatural female figures – Andraste, Diana, Ēostre, St. Melangell, and the modern construct ‘Easter’ – with a common zoomorphic link: the hare. Applying theoretical concepts drawn from conservation ecology (‘shifting baselines’) and the study of religion (‘semantic centres’) to a combination of (zoo)archaeological and textual evidence, we argue that four distinct ‘hare goddesses’ were used to express their congregations’ concerns regarding the mediation of violence between the human in-group and other parties (human or animal) across two millennia.
An Exploratory Study of Research Data Governance in the U.S.
Authors: Kouper Inna , Raymond Anjanette H , Giroux Stacey
Published: October 2020

Making decisions regarding data and the overall credibility of research constitutes research data governance. In this paper, we present results of an exploratory study of the stakeholders of research data governance. The study was conducted among individuals who work in academic and research institutions in the US, with the goal of understanding what entities are perceived as making decisions regarding data and who researchers believe should be responsible for governing research data. Our results show that there is considerable diversity and complexity across stakeholders, both in terms of who they are and their ideas about data governance. To account for this diversity, we propose to frame research data governance in the context of polycentric governance of a knowledge commons. We argue that approaching research data from the commons perspective will allow for a governance framework that can balance the goals of science and society, allow us to shift the discussion toward protection from enclosure and knowledge resilience, and help to ensure that multiple voices are included in all levels of decision-making.
Radicals in prebiotic chemistry
Authors: Lim Renee W. J. , Fahrenbach Albert C.
Published: October 2020

Radical chemistry is tightly interwoven in proposed prebiotic synthetic pathways, reaction networks and geochemical scenarios that have helped shape our understanding of how life could have originated. Gas-phase prebiotic reactions involving electric discharge, vapour ablation by asteroidal and cometary impacts as well as ionising radiation all produce radicals that facilitate complex molecular synthesis. Reactions in the solid phase which are responsible for astrochemical syntheses can also take place through radicals produced via irradiation of protoplanetary/interstellar ice grains and dust particles. Aqueous-phase radical chemistry affords further molecular complexity promoting the production of precursors for the synthesis of biopolymers thought important for the emergence of life. Radical chemistry appears to be a common thread amongst all kinds of prebiotic investigations, and this Review aims to bring attention to a few selected examples. Some important historical studies and modern developments with respect to prebiotic chemistry are summarised through the lens of radical chemistry.
Taking offence at the (un)said:Towards a more radical contextualist approach
Authors: Parvaresh Vahid , Tayebi Tahmineh
Published: October 2020

Many researchers in impoliteness studies have set themselves the task of determining, amongst other things, (i) what linguistic or non-linguistic phenomena can cause offence, and (ii) why people take offence. However, the reality of interaction clearly shows that, on many occasions, there appears to be a marked dissonance between the speaker and hearer in their evaluations of offensive language, even in locally situated interaction. More research is therefore needed to account for and explain why and how the hearer assigns a particularly offensive meaning to an utterance during the course of an interaction. With this aim, and by drawing on insight from what is referred to as “radical contextualism”, in this study we discuss the possibility of looking at how interactants can arrive at their own (subjective) evaluations of impoliteness in ways that do not match up with the alleged intentions of the so-called offender. Drawing on a number of exchanges that involve such instances of taking offence, we will argue that the taking of offence should best be viewed as a process over which the hearer has a more active control. Accordingly, the paper contributes to current attempts at explaining the variability involved in the taking of offence.
Mechanism of Acidification that Progresses in Library Collections of Books Made of Alkaline Paper
Authors: Mochizuki Yukinko , Itsumura Hiroshi , Enomae Toshiharu
Published: October 2020

Acidification mechanisms of paper were examined, studying 120 pairs of identical copies of books published from 1971 to 2010 housed in two Japanese university libraries. The pH at the edges of the alkaline paper lowered from 7.5 to 6.4 after 5–10 years and to 5.8 after 10–15 years after publication. The pH bottomed at 5.4 at the edges and at 7.0 in the centre of the sheet. Acid paper showed higher pH at the edges than in the centre of the sheet. The edge pH of the alkaline paper of books stored on an above-ground floor was lower due to more exposure to incoming open air with pollutants compared to paper stored in the basement. Elemental analysis suggested nitrogen oxide deposition, but could not prove sulphur oxide deposition at the edges of the paper. The position-dependent acidification is presumed to relate to the deposition tendency of air pollutants contained in open air, and accordingly the edge pH dropped dramatically. In the 1980s, alkaline paper was increasingly used in the production of books, and it was assumed that no more book acidification was to occur; however, this study concludes that even in alkaline paper, acidification processes will take place over time.
On Shadow Banking and Financial Frictions in DSGE Modeling
Authors: Kirchner Philipp
Published: October 2020

At the forefront of macroeconomic research on the causes of the Great Financial Crisis (GFC) was and still is the usage of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models. To capture the nonlinearities of the GFC, these models were enriched with a variety of financial frictions. This paper focuses on a special subset of these frictions, the shadow banking system. We provide a structured review of the strand of literature that considers shadow banking in DSGE setups and draw particular attention to the modeling approach as well as impact of shadow banking. Our analysis allows the following conclusions: firstly, models featuring shadow banking are better able to simulate realistic movements in the business cycle that are of comparable magnitude to the GFC. Secondly, the models consider amplification channels between the financial sector and the real economy that proved to be of importance during the crisis. Thirdly, the models display a good explanatory power of financial stability measures in the light of shadow banking.
Soziales Trauma, Flucht und epistemisches Vertrauen
Authors: Hamburger Andreas
Published: October 2020

Der Beitrag beschreibt die Anwendung der Theorie des sozialen Traumas in Verbindung mit der Mentalisierungstheorie auf die Thematik der erzwungenen Migration. Im Mittelpunkt der Überlegungen steht die Frage, ob und woraus Geflüchtete ihr epistemisches Vertrauen in die Sinnhaftigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit der Welt beziehen bzw. auf welcher Basis sie erschüttertes Vertrauen wieder aufbauen. Beschrieben wird neben den Hintergründen der psychologischen Auswirkungen von Zwangsmigration auch der sozialpsychologische Kontext, insbesondere im Zusammenspiel von sozialen Traumata der Geflüchteten in ihrer Wechselwirkung mit den sozialtraumatischen Hintergründen der Gesellschaften, denen die Geflüchteten in ihren Durchgangs- und Zielländern begegnen. Die Betrachtung dieser sozialtraumatischen Wechselwirkung hat Einfluss auf das Verständnis und den Umgang mit xenophoben Reflexen.
Toward a New Ontological Framework for the Economic Good
Authors: Beinhocker Eric D.
Published: October 2020

In this invited comment piece, I argue that the Lima de Miranda and Snower SAGE framework represents not just another “beyond GDP” alternative but is an important contribution to a larger shift underway in economics regarding our understanding of human behavior and the nature and purpose of economic systems. Recognizing this broader shift helps us see how SAGE might be strengthened and built upon. In this spirit, I suggest some starting points for strengthening the normative foundations of the SAGE framework, discuss an alternative interpretation of the welfare effects of inequality, propose further work on the “material gain” part of the framework, and and briefly suggest an alternative approach to SAGE’s utility maximizing decision model. I conclude that SAGE provides a framework for a very rich future research agenda.
Spinal epidural lipomatosis: a rare association of Cushing’s disease
Authors: Ahmad Sajjad , Best Thomas , Lansdown Andrew , Hayhurst Caroline , Smeeton Fiona , Davies Steve , Rees Aled
Published: October 2020

Excess cortisol is associated with hypertrophy and redistribution of adipose tissue leading to central obesity which is classically seen in Cushing’s syndrome. Abnormal accumulation of fatty tissue in the spinal canal is most commonly associated with chronic steroid therapy and rarely reported with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome. Herein, we describe a case of spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) associated with Cushing’s disease. A 17-year-old man was referred with lower limb weakness, weight gain, multiple stretch marks, back pain and loss of height. He had clinical and biochemical features of Cushing’s syndrome. MRI and Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling (IPSS) confirmed a pituitary adenoma as the source. On day 1 post trans-sphenoidal adenectomy he developed spastic paraparesis with a sensory deficit to the level of T5. MRI spine showed increased fat deposition in the spinal canal from T2 to T9 consistent with a diagnosis of SEL. He was managed conservatively and made a good recovery following restoration of eucortisolism and a period of rehabilitation.

Learning points:

SEL is a serious complication of glucocorticoid excess and should be considered in any patient presenting with new lower limb neurological symptoms associated with hypercortisolism.

It is important to distinguish symptomatic SEL from cortisol-induced proximal myopathy by good history and clinical examination.

MRI of the spine is the gold standard investigation for making a diagnosis of SEL.

Restoration of eucortisolism can lead to resolution of fat accumulation and good neurological outcome.
Simplified and improved fluid deprivation test for diagnosing diabetes insipidus
Authors: Sjöström Anna , Bartuseviciene Inga , Höybye Charlotte
Published: October 2020

Objective

The challenge of finding patients with the rare conditon of diabetes insipidus in need of vasopressin treatment is demanding. The guidelines for performing the fluid deprivation test and interpreting the results are abundant. We evaluated the discriminative capacity of the fluid deprivation test in patients with polyuria to define a cut off for a more effective discrimination between diabetes insipidus and other polyuria syndromes.

Research design and methods

Retrospective review and data collection of all ambulatory fluid deprivation tests, of patients with mild polyuria and polydipsia (< 3 L/day), performed between 2000 and 2018. Serum osmolality, urine osmolality, urine volumes and clinical information of diagnosis were retrieved from the patient’s medical records.

Results

The study group consisted of 153 patients, 123 were diagnosed with non-diabetes insipidus and 30 with diabetes insipidus. After 12 h fasting (baseline) median duration of the fluid deprivation test was 5 h (fasting range: 12–21 h). At baseline, there was a significant difference between median serum and urine osmolality between the groups (P < 0.05). The best cut-off for the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus, was the combination of < 400 mosmol/kg in urine and > 302 mosmol/kg in serum. With this cut-off a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 98% was achieved.

Conclusion

After 12 h fasting our proposed cut off clearly differentiated between diabetes insipidus, and non-diabetes insipidus suggesting a possibility to considerably reduce the duration of the fluid deprivation test.