bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-discrepancies in mind perception for actual, ideal, and ought selves and partners
Authors: Jacobs Oliver L. , Pazhoohi Farid , Kingstone Alan
Published: December 2023

Defining and measuring self-discrepancies in mind perception between how an individual sees their actual self in comparison to their ideal or ought self has a long but challenging history in psychology. Here we present a new approach for measuring and operationalizing discrepancies of mind by employing the mind perception framework that has been applied successfully to a variety of other psychological constructs. Across two studies (N = 265, N = 205), participants were recruited online to fill in a modified version of the mind perception survey with questions pertaining to three domains (actual, ideal, ought) and two agents (self versus partner). The results revealed that participants idealized and thought they ought to have greater agency (the ability to do) and diminished experience (the ability to feel) for both themselves and their partner. Sex differences were also examined across both studies, and while minor differences emerged, the effects were not robust across the collective evidence from both studies. The overall findings suggest that the mind perception approach can be used to distill a large number of qualities of mind into meaningful facets for interpretation in relation to self-discrepancy theory. This method can breathe new life into the field with future investigations directed at understanding self-discrepancies in relation to prosocial behaviour and psychological well-being.
The role of innovation and entrepreneurship in promoting common prosperity in China: Empirical evidence from a two-way fixed effects model
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Wang Wenxuan , Li Chunyu , Wang Xiaofan
Published: December 2023

Common prosperity stands as a pivotal concept and objective within China’s socialism with distinctive characteristics, serving as a fundamental assurance and basis for ensuring its people’s happiness and comprehensive development. This research employs a Coupled Coordination Degree Model to construct a common prosperity Index using data from China between 2010 and 2020. The study investigates the influence of innovation and entrepreneurship on common prosperity while examining the regulating roles played by the government and market during this process. The outcomes demonstrate that innovation substantially facilitates the realization of common prosperity. The relationship between entrepreneurship and common prosperity follows a positive "U"-shaped curve, where entrepreneurship significantly contributes to common prosperity upon reaching a particular scale. Further investigations reveal heterogeneity in the impact of innovation and entrepreneurship on common prosperity. Specifically, innovation significantly contributes to common prosperity in the northern regions, whereas entrepreneurship has a noteworthy impact on common prosperity in the southern regions. Moreover, it is worth noting that both innovation and entrepreneurship have a significant influence on common prosperity in areas characterized by low economic development levels and a scarcity of fixed capital. The fiscal effects of the government attenuate the promoting effect of innovation on common prosperity but enhance the adverse influence of entrepreneurship. On the contrary, market mechanisms mitigate the negative impact of entrepreneurship on common prosperity. Consequently, achieving common prosperity requires strengthened regional innovation cooperation, encouraging advanced regions to lead underdeveloped regions, and leveraging the regulatory roles of both the government and the market, thus progressing gradually towards common prosperity.
Filamentation and biofilm formation are regulated by the phase-separation capacity of network transcription factors in Candida albicans
Authors: Ganser Collin , Staples Mae I. , Dowell Maureen , Frazer Corey , Dainis Joseph , Sircaik Shabnam , Bennett Richard J.
Published: December 2023

The ability of the fungus Candida albicans to filament and form biofilms contributes to its burden as a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. Biofilm development involves an interconnected transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) consisting of nine transcription factors (TFs) that bind both to their own regulatory regions and to those of the other network TFs. Here, we show that seven of the nine TFs in the C. albicans biofilm network contain prion-like domains (PrLDs) that have been linked to the ability to form phase-separated condensates. Construction of PrLD mutants in four biofilm TFs reveals that these domains are essential for filamentation and biofilm formation in C. albicans. Moreover, biofilm PrLDs promote the formation of phase-separated condensates in the nuclei of live cells, and PrLD mutations that abolish phase separation (such as the removal of aromatic residues) also prevent biofilm formation. Biofilm TF condensates can selectively recruit other TFs through PrLD-PrLD interactions and can co-recruit RNA polymerase II, implicating condensate formation in the assembly of active transcriptional complexes. Finally, we show that PrLD mutations that block the phase separation of biofilm TFs also prevent filamentation in an in vivo model of gastrointestinal colonization. Together, these studies associate transcriptional condensates with the regulation of filamentation and biofilm formation in C. albicans, and highlight how targeting of PrLD-PrLD interactions could prevent pathogenesis by this species.
The use of ITS markers for identification of birch species from section Apterocaryon
Authors: Medvedeva S. O. , Cherepanova O. E. , Filippov E. G. , Koporikov A. R.
Published: December 2023

Betula nana, B. humilis are shrub birch forms of the section Apterocaryon (dwarf birches), widespread in the Northern Hemisphere. The species are found on marsh, tundra and bald soils, often growing together on sphagnum bogs. There were suggestions about the hybridization of the diploid B. nana and B. humilis with the tetraploid downy birch B. pubescens from the section Betula (white birches). Attempts were made to study the presence and intensity of hybridization of these species using molecular genetic methods. The aim of the study is to investigate the genetic polymorphism of B. nana and B. humilis in the Middle Urals based on ITS markers of nuclear ribosomal DNA. These markers are for the first time studied in shrub birch forms on the Russian Federation territory. It is shown that the ITS 1-2 region is informative and makes it possible to differentiate closely related birch species B. humilis, B. nana growing in the Middle Urals. Species were characterized by individual ribotypes; B. nana samples had 5 ribotypes, and B. humilis samples had 2 ribotypes. Populations of B. nana showed greater variability in this region compared to B. humilis, which may indicate a higher adaptive potential of dwarf birch, as well as the absence of significant changes in the population size of this species during the last Quaternary glaciation.
Not Your Typical Hyperammonemia: Non-hepatic Severe Hyperammonemia in an Adult
Authors: Barnhill Michele , Yaman Reena , Renszel Krystal , Alzubaidi Sadeer , Vargas Hugo , Chascsa David
Published: December 2023

Hyperammonemia in adults is most often due to cirrhosis. Ammonia is metabolized through the urea cycle. With liver disease, this pathway is altered, and urea is unable to be formed, creating a buildup of ammonia with numerous side effects, including encephalopathy. A less common presentation is hyperammonemia in the absence of liver disease. We present a rare case of non-cirrhotic hyperammonemia due to a splenogonadal shunt.
WATS3D: An Interobserver Study of Barrett's Esophagus–Associated Dysplasia Among Gastrointestinal Pathologists
Authors: Patil Deepa T. , Goldblum John R. , Lauwers Gregory , Lewis Jason T. , Robert Marie , Singer Mendel , Odze Robert D.
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Wide-area transepithelial sampling with 3-dimensional computer-assisted analysis (WATS3D) has been shown to increase the detection rate of dysplasia (and intestinal metaplasia) in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interobserver variability and accuracy of diagnosing BE-associated dysplasia in WATS3D specimens among gastrointestinal (GI) pathologists without prior experience with this technology.

METHODS:

Five GI pathologists underwent a 4-hour in-person (at microscope) and virtual training session and then evaluated digital images of discrete cellular foci from 60 WATS3D cases with BE (20 nondysplastic BE [NDBE], 20 low-grade dysplasia [LGD], and 20 high-grade dysplasia/esophageal adenocarcinoma [HGD/EAC]). Each case consisted of 1 hematoxylin and eosin–stained image (cell block), and 1 liquid cytology or papanicolaou-stained smear image (120 images in total).

RESULTS:

The overall kappa value among the 5 study pathologists was excellent (overall kappa = 0.93; kappa = 0.93 and 0.97 for cell block and smear specimens, respectively). There were no significant differences noted in kappa values in interpretation of the cell block vs smear specimens or in any of the individual diagnostic categories when the latter were evaluated separately. Furthermore, agreement was perfect (100%) regarding detection of neoplasia (either LGD, HGD, or EAC). Diagnoses were made with complete confidence in 91% of instances.

DISCUSSION:

We conclude that GI pathologists, without any prior experience in interpretation of WATS3D specimens, can undergo a short training session and then diagnose these specimens with a very high level of accuracy and reproducibility.
Simulation of the compression test of the Zr1Nb fuel cladding ring
Authors: Smolík Vojtěch , Endrychová Alžběta , Krejčí Jakub
Published: December 2023

Fuel cladding is a first protective barrier against the loss of fission products that must withstand extreme conditions, from normal operation to final and interim dry storage. This hostile environment results in mechanical and microstructural damage of cladding caused by different stress levels, temperature, corrosion, hydrogen pick up and other degradation processes further enhanced by radiation. For this reason, the integrity of the cladding is a critical issue. The aim of this work is to simulate a ring compression test to evaluate the stress-strain behavior and hoop fracture properties of a zirconium-based alloy with niobium, which was chosen because it is widely used as fuel cladding in light water nuclear reactors.
Razvoj kmetijske rabe na območju fotovoltaične elektrarne D3 ob pretočni akumulaciji HE Brežice
Authors: PODGORŠEK Jože
Published: December 2023

Agrovoltaika kot način dvojne rabe kmetijskih zemljišč je predmet številnih raziskav in projektov znanstveno raziskovalnih inštitucij in investitorjev. Podjetje Hidroelektrarne na Spodnji Savi, d.o.o. želi na obstoječi deponiji s postavljeno sončno elektrarno ob pretočni akumulaciji hidroelektrarne v Brežicah razviti koncept kmetijske rabe kmetijskih zemljišč med in pod obstoječimi paneli fotovoltaične elektrarne. Sončna elektrarna je postavljena v občini Brežice, parcele so v k.o. Krška vas. Celotna površina, primerna za razvoj kmetijske rabe, na kateri v večjem delu stoji sončna elektrarna, je 8,8 hektarjev. S študijem primera smo pregledali teoretična izhodišča za načrtovanje kmetijske pridelave na območju obstoječe sončne elektrarne. S študijo smo izbrali primerne vrste in sorte rastlin, ki bi bile primerne za pridelavo na tem območju. Za dolgoročno finančno vzdržnost kmetijske pridelave smo v študiji preverili tudi pričakovane stroške in prihodke za načrtovano kmetijsko rabo zemljišč. Na podlagi študije primera ugotavljamo, da bi to površino lahko uporabili tudi za rastlinsko pridelavo, kot je pridelovanje špargljev, ribeza in malin. Ob zaključku raziskovalne naloge smo predlagali, da se v bodoče načrtuje fotovoltaika skupaj s kmetijsko rabo, saj je možnosti za dvojno rabo kmetijskih zemljišč ob sočasnem načrtovanju energetike s kmetijstvom bistveno več.
Using pyrimidinecarboxylic acids as growth stimulants for Rhododendron ledebourii Pojark and Rhododendron smirnowii Trautv.
Authors: VOSTRIKOVA Tatiana V. , POTAPOV Andrey Yu. , STOLPOVSKAYA Nadezhda V. , SHIKHALIEV Khidmet S.
Published: December 2023

Synthesised organic compounds of pyrimidinecarboxylic acids are characterised by high biological activity, even when their concentrations are low. These compounds, when applied to the seeds of Rhododendron, a genus of woody plants, with concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 %, stimulate the growth of the plants. The effect is more obvious 3 months after the start of the experiment, rather than 7 months after. Thus, Rhododendron ledebourii Pojark. seedlings grew by 13.3-33.5 %, and Rhododendron smirnowii Trautv. seedlings grew by 29.6-48.1 %. Rhododendron ledebourii and Rhododendron smirnowii seedlings demonstrated similar direct correlations: when the concentration of 2-benzylamino-4-methyl-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid and 4-methyl-2-morpholin-4-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (for Rhododendron ledebourii seeds only) rose from 0.01 to 0.1 %, the height of the seedlings increased. It is suggested using 4-methyl-2-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid, 2-benzylamino-4-methyl-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid, and 4-methyl-2-morpholin-4-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid at concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 % as growth stimulants for the species of Rhododendron genus.
A silver deposit from Niedźwiedź – another premise in the study of the origins and function of a stronghold in steklin in Dobrzyń region
Authors: Chudziak Wojciech , Musiałowski Adam , Weinkauf Marcin
Published: December 2023

The article concerns an early medieval silver hoard, recently (and accidentally) discovered at a suburb settlement in Niedźwiedź in Dobrzyń region. The settlement is a part of a large complex with a stronghold and a developed lake shore, identified with the historical Steklin mentioned in the so-called Mogilno Falsification. The hoard, consisting of 28 coins and six pieces of jewelry, was deposited after 1080. The factual scope of the article includes primarily the results of numismatic analyses of one Arabic coin and the remaining Western European coins, including the prevailing group of so-called cross denarii. The discovery is interpreted in a broad socio-economic and political context
Cooling‐promoted myogenic differentiation of murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through TRPM8 activation in vitro
Authors: Takagi Ryo , Takegaki Junya , Osana Shion , Kano Yutaka , Konishi Satoshi , Fujita Satoshi
Published: December 2023

TRPM8 agonist has been reported to promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), therefore we evaluated whether cooling‐induced activation of TRPM8 promotes myogenic differentiation of MSCs. We used 5‐azacytidine as a myogenic differentiation inducer in murine bone marrow‐derived MSCs. Addition of menthol, a TRPM8 agonist, to the differentiation induction medium significantly, increased the percentage of MyoD‐positive cells, a specific marker of myogenic differentiation. We performed intracellular Ca2+ imaging experiments using fura‐2 to confirm TRPM8 activation by cooling stimulation. The results confirmed that intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) increases due to TRPM8 activation, and TRPM8 antagonist inhibits increase in [Ca2+]i at medium temperatures below 19°C. We also examined the effect of cooling exposure time on myogenic differentiation of MSCs using an external cooling stimulus set at 17°C. The results showed that 60 min of cooling had an acceleratory effect on differentiation (2.18 ± 0.27 times). We observed that the TRPM8 antagonist counteracted the differentiation‐promoting effect of the cooling. These results suggest that TRPM8 might modulate the multiple differentiation pathways of MSCs, and that cooling is an effective way of activating TRPM8, which regulates MSCs differentiation in vitro.
Supreme Audit Institution Recommendations and the Legal System: The Case of Indonesia
Authors: Atmaja A. P. Edi , Erliyana Anna , Simatupang Dian Puji N. , Oppusunggu Yu Un
Published: December 2023

The audit recommendations of the Indonesian supreme audit institution (Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan, BPK) acquired new significance after the collapse of the authoritarian state in 1998 and constitutional amendments in 1999–2002 that reformed the regulation and institutional governance of public sector audit in Indonesia. However, while the reform of public sector audit regulation was carried out through a strong adoption of private sector audit standards and the Westminster SAI model, the BPK retained some of its Napoleonic legacy. This syncretic organisation led to confusion about the BPK’s role and position in the Indonesian legal system. Using a historical and case study approach, this paper analyses the relationship between the BPK’s audit recommendations and the Indonesian legal system. It argues that it is important for the BPK to develop auditing standards that take full account of higher rules, administrative law, and national interests, or at least not to adopt and abolish auditing standards that are counterproductive to its judicial function – not merely to accommodate private international law instruments developed by private non-state actors operating outside the legal framework of a sovereign state.
Research progress on the effect of cooking and freezing processes on the quality of frozen dough steamed buns
Authors: Zhang Siyu , Yang Lina , Nie Yuchang , Liu He , Zhu Danshi
Published: December 2023

Owing to the convenient and rapid process of producing frozen dough steamed buns, it is rapidly gaining popularity in the Chinese market. However, frozen dough steamed bun products have several issues, such as volume reduction, flavour changes and digestion-related issues, owing to limitations in technology and craft. The quality of frozen dough steamed buns has improved consistently in recent years, and several manufacturers have focused on front-end processes, such as selection of raw and supplementary materials and application of ameliorants. This review summarises and expounds on the effects of steaming, freezing and reheating on the quality of frozen dough steamed buns, providing a reference for the exploration and improvement of technologies for producing frozen dough steamed buns in the future.
Continuous biomanufacturing in upstream and downstream processing
Authors: Schmidt Axel , Hengelbrock Alina , Strube Jochen
Published: December 2023

Continuous bioprocesses have become a significant technological change in regulated industries, with process analytical technology (PAT) and quality-by-design (QbD) being essential for enabling continuous biomanufacturing. PAT and QbD are associated with process automation and control, providing real-time key process information. Continuous manufacturing eliminates hold times and reduces processing times, providing benefits such as improved product quality, reduced waste, lower costs, and increased manufacturing flexibility and agility. Over the past decade, advancements in science and engineering, along with the adoption of QbD and the advancement of PAT, have progressed the scientific and regulatory readiness for continuous manufacturing. Regulatory authorities support the implementation of continuous manufacturing using science- and risk-based approaches, providing a great deal of potential to address issues of agility, flexibility, cost, and robustness in the development of pharmaceutical manufacturing processes.
Compressive behavior of BFRP-confined ceramsite concrete: An experimental study and stress–strain model
Authors: Li Hongchun , Wei Yang , Zhang Yirui , Wang Gaofei , Huang Zhe
Published: December 2023

The novel structure of a basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP)-confined ceramsite concrete column (BFCCC) reinforced with bamboo strips (BSs) was investigated. The characteristics of light weight, BSs and FRP reinforcement were reflected in the structure. Thirty-six BFCCCs and 18 unconfined ceramsite concrete columns were fabricated and subjected to axial compression tests, and the stress–strain curves were obtained. The research parameters included the number of BFRP layers and the volume content of BSs. Both types of specimens, with and without BFRP confinement, underwent brittle failure after reaching the ultimate bearing capacity. The increase in the number of BFRP layers had a positive effect on the bearing capacity and deformation capacity of the specimens. With the increase in the number of BFRP layers, the compressive strengths of BFCCCs were improved by 1.17–1.44 times, and the deformations were improved by 6.30–12.92 times, compared to the unconfined concrete. The addition of BSs could improve the ductility of the specimen, while the effect on the bearing capacity had an optimal value of 2.0%. The stress–strain curves of the BFCCCs showed obvious softening behavior after the peak point. Models were proposed to predict the axial stress–strain curves of BFCCCs reinforced with BSs.
El aprendizaje autónomo y las TIC como fundamento en un modelo de capacitación
Authors: Saucedo Domínguez Enrique Damián , Cardoso Espinosa Edgar Oliver , Peinado Camacho José de Jesús
Published: December 2023

La capacitación satisface el desarrollo profesional de las personas, también soluciona los problemas de desempeño, eficiencia y eficacia en las organizaciones. Por esta razón, el objetivo de esta investigación fue proponer un modelo de capacitación centrado en el aprendizaje autónomo y fundamentado en las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) para capacitar a las personas en las organizaciones. La metodología fue cuantitativa, con un enfoque no experimental y un diseño transversal. Su alcance fue exploratorio y descriptivo, y como técnica de investigación se utilizó el estudio de caso. La muestra fue probabilística y estratificada. Con base en los resultados, se propone un modelo con referentes contextuales, factores internos, aprendizaje autónomo, las TIC y las modalidades de los cursos de capacitación. Se identifica que estos elementos interactúan desde una perspectiva integral y objetiva. Se concluye que el modelo busca facilitar la capacitación por medio del aprendizaje autónomo y el uso las TIC.
Relationships Between Modifiable Risk Factors of Hamstring Strain Injury
Authors: Ripley Nicholas J. , Comfort Paul , McMahon John J.
Published: December 2023

Ripley, NJ, Comfort, P, and McMahon, JJ. Relationships between modifiable risk factors of hamstring strain injury. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—The aims of this study were to determine whether any relationship exists between eccentric hamstring strength and isokinetic strength imbalances and bicep femoris long head (BFLH) architecture. Eighteen physically active men (age 24.7 ± 4.3 years, height 181.9 ± 7.2 cm, mass 84.9 ± 12.9 kg) had resting BFLH muscle architecture assessed using ultrasound, with images taken at the midmuscle belly. Measures of isokinetic strength of the knee extensors and flexors involved subjects performing 3 maximal effort repetitions of concentric knee extension and eccentric knee flexion at 60°·s−1. Good-excellent relative reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.86) and low variability (coefficient of variation <10%) were observed for all variables. Relative BFLH fascicle length (FL) demonstrated significant moderate-to-nearly-perfect associations with isokinetic measures identified as hamstring strain injury risk factors (p < 0.05, r = 0.38–0.92), whereas absolute BFLH FL was not significantly or meaningfully associated with isokinetic measures (p = 0.07–0.961, r = 0.01–0.30). Relative BFLH FL should be considered when assessing resting BFLH muscle architecture because it is potentially a more appropriate measure of injury risk because of its greater association with strength measures. However, absolute BFLH FL may have a greater usefulness during growth, maturation, and individual proportions.
Muscle Cooling Before and in the Middle of a Session: There Are Benefits on Subsequent Localized Endurance Performance in a Warm Environment
Authors: Baláš Jiří , Kodejška Jan , Procházková Adéla , Knap Roman , Tufano James J.
Published: December 2023

Baláš, J, Kodejška, J, Procházková, A, Knap, R, and Tufano, JJ. Muscle cooling before and in the middle of a session: there are benefits on subsequent localized endurance performance in a warm environment. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—Localized cold-water immersion (CWI) has been shown to facilitate recovery in the middle of a session of exhaustive repeated forearm contractions. However, it has been suggested that these benefits may be attributed to “precooling” the muscle before an activity, as opposed to cooling a previously overheated muscle. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how precooling and mid-cooling affects localized repeated muscular endurance performance in a warm environment. Nineteen subjects completed a familiarization session and 3 laboratory visits, each including 2 exhaustive climbing trials separated by 20 minutes of recovery: PRECWI (CWI, trial 1; passive sitting [PAS], trial 2); MIDCWI (PAS, trial 1; CWI, trial 2); and CONTROL (PAS, trial 1; PAS, trial 2). Climbing trial 1 in PRECWI was 32 seconds longer than in CONTROL (p = 0.013; d = 0.46) and 47 seconds longer than in MIDCWI (p = 0.001; d = 0.81). The time of climbing trial 2 after PAS (PRECWI and CONTROL) was very similar (312 vs. 319 seconds) irrespective of the first trial condition. However, the time of the second trial in MIDCWI was 43 seconds longer than in PRECWI (p < 0.001; d = 0.63) and 50 seconds longer than in CONTROL (p < 0.001; d = 0.69). In warm environments, muscle precooling and mid-cooling can prolong localized endurance performance during climbing. However, the effectiveness of mid-cooling may not be as a “recovery strategy” but as a “precooling” strategy to decrease muscle temperature before subsequent performance, delaying the onset of localized heat-induced neuromuscular fatigue.
Current Implementation and Barriers to Using Blood Flow Restriction Training: Insights From a Survey of Allied Health Practitioners
Authors: Scott Brendan R. , Marston Kieran J. , Owens Johnny , Rolnick Nicholas , Patterson Stephen D.
Published: December 2023

Scott, BR, Marston, KJ, Owens, J, Rolnick, N, and Patterson, SD. Current implementation and barriers to using blood flow restriction training: Insights from a survey of allied health practitioners. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—This study investigated the use of blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise by practitioners working specifically with clinical or older populations, and the barriers preventing some practitioners from prescribing BFR. An online survey was disseminated globally to allied health practitioners, with data from 397 responders included in analyses. Responders who had prescribed BFR exercise (n = 308) completed questions about how they implement this technique. Those who had not prescribed BFR exercise (n = 89) provided information on barriers to using this technique, and a subset of these responders (n = 22) completed a follow-up survey to investigate how these barriers could be alleviated. Most practitioners prescribe BFR exercise for musculoskeletal rehabilitation clients (91.6%), with the BFR cuff pressure typically relative to arterial occlusion pressure (81.1%) and implemented with resistance (96.8%) or aerobic exercise (42.9%). Most practitioners screen for contraindications (68.2%), although minor side effects, including muscle soreness (65.8%), are common. The main barriers preventing some practitioners from using BFR are lack of equipment (60.2%), insufficient education (55.7%), and safety concerns (31.8%). Suggestions to alleviate these barriers included developing educational resources about the safe application and benefits of BFR exercise (n = 20) that are affordable (n = 3) and convenient (n = 4). These results indicate that BFR prescription for clinical and older cohorts mainly conforms with current guidelines, which is important considering the potentially increased risk for adverse events in these cohorts. However, barriers still prevent broader utility of BFR training, although some may be alleviated through well-developed educational offerings to train practitioners in using BFR exercise.
Effects of a Strength and Conditioning Offseason Program on Countermovement Jump Ground Reaction Forces in Division I American Football Players
Authors: Gillen Zachary M. , Burch Reuben F. , Saucier David N. , Strawderman Lesley , Luczak Tony , Piroli Anthony , Petway Adam J. , Rath Ted
Published: December 2023

Gillen, ZM, Burch, RF, Saucier, DN, Strawderman, L, Luczak, T, Piroli, A, Petway, AJ, and Rath, T. Effects of a strength and conditioning offseason program on countermovement jump ground reaction forces in Division I American football players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 10-week strength and conditioning offseason program on the ground reaction forces (GRFs) of American football players during single-leg and double-leg countermovement jumps (SLJ and CMJ, respectively). Each subject visited the laboratory twice, once for preoffseason and once for postoffseason testing. During each visit, subjects performed CMJs and SLJs for each leg. Ground reaction forces were collected by force plates to quantify unweighting, braking, propulsive, and performance metrics for each jump. In addition, an efficiency index was calculated for each jump to examine changes in vertical jump efficiency. Dependent samples t tests compared all CMJ metrics. Two-way repeated measures analyses of variance (leg × time) compared all SLJ metrics. An alpha level of p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. For the CMJ, propulsive phase duration decreased due to the program (p = 0.007), whereas peak braking power, peak propulsive power, mean propulsive force, and jump height increased (p ≤ 0.012). For the SLJ, peak braking power, force at the low position, braking rate of force development, eccentric force, peak propulsive power, mean propulsive force, and jump height increased in both legs (p ≤ 0.044). The efficiency index increased for the CMJ and the SLJ for both legs (p ≤ 0.016). This study demonstrated that SLJ and CMJ vertical jump performance significantly increases in as few as 10 weeks of offseason strength and conditioning. Strength and conditioning programming may effectively increase vertical jump performance, as assessed by GRFs, which can be used as a simple indicator regarding changes in athletic performance.
Exercise-Induced Transient Oxidative Stress Is Mitigated in Down Syndrome: Insights About Redox Balance and Muscle Strength
Authors: Reis Andrea Lucena , Deus Lysleine Alves , Passos Neves Rodrigo Vanerson , Corrêa Hugo de Luca , Reis Thaís Lucena , Aguiar Lucas Soares de , Honorato Fernando Sousa , Barbosa Jessica Mycaelle da Silva , Araújo Thaís Branquinho de , Palmeira Thalyta Railine Cesar , Simões Herbert Gustavo , Prestes Jonato , Sousa Caio Victor , Ide Bernardo Neme , Rosa Thiago dos Santos
Published: December 2023

Reis, AL, Deus, LA, Neves, RVP, Corrêa, HL Reis, TL, Aguiar, LS Honorato, FS, Barbosa, JMS, Araújo, TB, Palmeira, TRC, Simões, HG, Prestes, J, Sousa, CV, Ide, BN, and Rosa, TdS. Exercise-induced transient oxidative stress is mitigated in Down syndrome: insights about redox balance and muscle strength. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—This study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of a session of resistance exercise (RE) performed with elastic tubes on the redox balance and inflammatory profile in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Subjects (n = 23) were allocated into 2 groups: individuals with DS (DS; n = 11) and individuals without DS (WDS; n = 12), who performed an acute RE session. Diagnostic assessment included medical history, anthropometric measures (body height, body mass, body mass index, and body composition assessment), biological collections, muscle strength assessments (handgrip and maximal voluntary isometric contraction tests), and exercises. The redox balance and inflammatory profile were assessed in urine and saliva samples before and after an acute RE session. There were no differences between WDS and DS groups for body composition (p > 0.05). The DS group presented higher values pre and post an acute RE session with elastic tubes for oxidative and proinflammatory markers compared with WDS (p < 0.05). Uric acid values increased from pre–acute RE session to post–acute RE session for WDS (p < 0.0001). No differences were identified within groups for the delta analysis (p > 0.05). Inverse correlations were found between total force and F2-isoprostane, 8OHdG, uric acid, allantoin, IL-6, TNF-α, and the TNF-α:IL-10 ratio. A positive correlation was found between IL-10 and total force. The DS group presented increased peak force in the knee extension and elbow flexion exercises (∼25 and 12%, respectively) but decreases in handgrip strength of ∼7%. The WDS group showed higher peak force values for knee extension, elbow flexion, and handgrip (∼16, 10, and 14%, respectively). The DS group had lower transient elevation of oxidative stress after an acute RE session compared with WDS. Oxidative stress and inflammation responses of DS to an acute RE session with elastic tubes may be insufficient to induce health adaptations for the same relative load compared with WDS.
Relationships Between Anthropometric Measures and Body Composition With Individual ACFT Event Performance Among Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps Cadets
Authors: Thompson Megan B. , Lawson Daniel J. , Orr Robin M. , Lockie Robert G. , Dawes J. Jay
Published: December 2023

Thompson, MB, Lawson, DJ, Orr, RM, Lockie, RG, and Dawes, JJ. Relationships between anthropometric measures and body composition with individual ACFT event performance among army reserve officers' training corps cadets. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): 749–754, 2024—The U.S. military commonly uses body composition as an indicator of a soldier's potential to meet the physical demands required of their occupation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether significant relationships existed between select body composition variables and Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) performance among a cohort of university Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) cadets. Twenty-six male (20.4 ± 1.6 years, 81.8 ± 8.5 kg, 178.3 ± 7.8 cm) and 12 female (19.9 ± 1.4 years, 64.2 ± 6.7 kg, 161.9 ± 4.9 cm) cadets voluntarily participated in this study. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and ACFT event scores were recorded by the cadre using the U.S. Army standard protocol and provided to the investigators. Pearson's correlations were used to identify relationships between body composition variables and ACFT event performance with an alpha level of p ≤ 0.05. Moderate to strong relationships were observed between total body water, dry lean mass, lean body mass, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass (FM), and body fat percentage and all event scores for the sample as a whole. Body mass index showed weak to moderate significant positive relationships with hand-release push-up and maximum hexagonal bar deadlift in the sample as a whole. No relationships were observed in the men of this sample. All body composition variables showed moderate, nonsignificant relationships with at least 1 ACFT event within the women of this sample. Considering the findings of this study, a multitude of variables could be useful to assess ROTC cadets as predictors for ACFT performance. Reserve Officers' Training Corps programs should emphasize attaining and maintaining functional lean mass, whereas reducing nonfunctional body mass (i.e., excess FM) among cadets to enhance health and performance across the occupational life span.
KERUNTUHAN AKHLAK UMAT ISLAM DAN PENYELESAIAN MENURUT SAID NURSI DALAM RISALAH AL-NUR
Authors: Mohd Nasir bin Ayub  , Surita Hartini binti Mat Hassan  , Ramlan bin Mustapha  , Mohd Suhardi bin Mat Jusoh  , Mohammad Affendi bin Omardin
Published: December 2023

Nabi Muhammad SAW diutuskan adalah untuk memperbaiki akhlak manusia. Akhlak adalah cerminan sesebuah negara. Bangsa yang berjaya ialah bangsa yang menjunjung nilai-nilai murni dan akhlak mulia. Persoalannya, adakah umat Islam hari ini benar-benar menghayati nilai-nilai akhlak yang ada dalam Islam yang boleh dicontohi oleh penganut agama lain? Adakah kemerosotan akhlak umat Islam hari ini berpunca daripada kejahilan mereka terhadap amalan agama mereka? Kajian ini cuba mengemukakan penyelesaian terhadap kemerosotan akhlak ummah menurut Said Nursi khususnya dalam tafsir Risalah al-Nur. Kajian ini adalah berbentuk kepustakaan dan akan dianalisis menggunakan kerangka analisis tekstual. Kajian ini mendapati penyelesaian terhadap kerosakan akhlak menurut Said Nursi ialah dengan memahami hakikat kejadian manusia, menghayati kepentingan Asma’ al-Husna serta memanfaatkan ilmu pengetahuan. Hal ini terbukti apabila Said Nursi dan tafsir Risalah al-Nur berjaya mempengaruhi pembentukan akhlak umat Islam di Turki pada masa itu serta membentuk gagasan pemikiran Islam yang lebih tulin, setelah beberapa abad diresapi faham Sekularisme di bawah kemimpinan Presiden Mustafa kamal al-Tarturk.

Prophet Muhammad SAW was sent to improve the morality of humankind. Morality is a reflection of a nation. A successful nation is one that upholds noble values and morality.  The questions are, do the Muslims today truly appreciate the values of morality that exist in Islam that can be emulated by other religious followers? Does the decline in morality among the Muslims today stem from their ignorance on their religious practice?  This current study puts forth the solution on the decline in the morality of the ummah according to Said Nursi especially in the interpretation of Risalah al-Nur. This study adopts a library study and it will be analyzed using a textual analysis framework. This study found that the solution to moral corruption according to Said Nursi is to understand the nature of human events, appreciate the importance of Asma' al-Husna and utilize science. This is evident when Said Nursi and Risalah al-Nur successfully influenced the formation of Muslims’ morality in Turkey at the time, and formed the Islamic school of thought that was more genuine, after several years of secularism influence under the leadership of Mustafa Kamal al-Tarturk.
EXPLORING SMARTPHONE USE PATTERNS AND THEIR ASSOCIATIONS WITH DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS, SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING, AND SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS AMONG NIGERIAN YOUTH
Authors: Akeusola Bolanle
Published: December 2023

As Africa’s most populous nation and rapidly digitizing economy, Nigeria offers a unique backdrop to investigate the complex interplay between smartphone use patterns, socio-psychological well-being, and socio-cultural factors among its youth population. This study employed a cross-sectional survey research design to explore these intricate relationships comprehensively. The methodological approach involved a quantitative research framework using a tailored measurement scale developed to gather relevant data, encompassing demographic details, smartphone use patterns, socio-psychological well-being indicators, and socio-cultural factors. A total of 1241 participants from different regions of the country were included in the study. The results showed significant variations in smartphone use patterns among Nigerian youth based on age groups, gender, and socioeconomic background. The results revealed significant variations in smartphone use patterns based on demographic characteristics, including age, sex, and socioeconomic background. Furthermore, smartphone use patterns exhibited significant correlations with various aspects of socio-psychological well-being, such as emotional well-being, stress levels, sleep quality, and life satisfaction. Sociocultural factors did not significantly predict smartphone use patterns; family dynamics and peer interactions emerged as significant indirect influencers through psychological well-being.
MEMBINA KEMAHIRAN PEMIKIRAN SEJARAH (KPS) DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KURSUS KENEGARAAN MALAYSIA: SUDUT PANDANGAN SEORANG PENDIDIK
Authors: Haniffa Mohamed Ali , Nor Azlah Sham Rambely
Published: December 2023

Artikel ini membincangkan mengenai penerapan Kemahiran Pemikiran Sejarah (KPS) dalam membina minat dan pencapaian pelajar dalam kursus Kenegaraan Malaysia di Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). Pembelajaran Abad ke-21 (PAK21) merupakan mekanisma yang mampu memenuhi keperluan pendidikan pada masa kini. Mahasiswa dan mahasiswi di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi (IPT) mempunyai persepsi negatif dengan menyatakan mata pelajaran berorientasikan sejarah sebagai membosankan dan jumud. Justeru itu, KPS diperkenalkan untuk merangsang kemahiran berfikir pelajar secara kritis dan analitis. Ini secara tidak langsung dapat meningkatkan minat dan pencapaian intelek para mahasiswa serta mahasiswi dan menjadikan kursus Kenegaraan Malaysia menarik dan menyeronokkan. Pelaksanaan KPS membolehkan penerokaan idea yang kompleks dan abstrak melalui lima proses iaitu kemahiran memahami kronologi, meneroka bukti, membuat interpretasi, membuat imaginasi serta membuat rasionalisasi. Analisis data dibuat berdasarkan pekeliling, buku, jurnal dan kajian lepas. Penelitian awal menunjukkan bahawa golongan pendidik menghadapi kekangan dalam mengaplikasikan KPS ketika pengendalian kuliah kursus Kenegaraan Malaysia. KPS diharapkan dapat memberi manfaat kepada para pendidik sebagai alternatif dalam Pembelajaran dan Pemudahcaraan (PdPc) untuk meningkatkan minat sejajar dengan Norma Baharu. KPS juga merupakan elemen penting dalam menerapkan jati diri dan semangat patriotisme bagi mendepani survival serta peluang Revolusi Perindustrian 4.0.
This article discusses the application of Historical Thinking Skills (HTS) in building the interest and achievement of the students in the Malaysian Nationhood Studies course at Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). 21st Century Learning (PAK21) is a mechanism that can fulfill the needs of the current education system. Students in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) have a negative perception by saying history-oriented subjects as boring and obsolete. Therefore, HTS is introduced to stimulate students' critical and analytical thinking skills. This can indirectly improve the interest and intellectual achievement of students and make the Malaysian Nationhood Studies course interesting and fun. The implementation of HTS enables the exploration of complex and abstract ideas through five processes, namely the skills of understanding chronology, exploring evidence, making interpretations, creating imaginations, and making rationalisations. The data was analysed based on circulars, books, journals, and past studies. Preliminary research showed that educators face constraints in applying HTS during their lectures on the Malaysian Nationhood Studies course. HTS is expected to benefit educators as an alternative in learning and facilitation to increase interest in line with the New Norms. HTS is also a significant element in applying the identity and spirit of patriotism to face the survival and opportunities of the Industrial Revolution 4.0.
“TAHI” DALAM OTAK ORANG MELAYU
Authors: Razali Jamal Rizal , Hassan Hasmadi , Mohamad Jamilah Bebe
Published: December 2023

Kertas ini akan membincangkan fenomena pemberian nama kepada makanan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Melayu. Pemberian nama atau penamaan adalah satu proses yang sangat penting kerana kita dapat mengenal sesuatu kerana “sesuatu” tersebut mempunyai “identiti” atau tanda pengenal. Dalam masyarakat Melayu, terdapat pelbagai jenis makanan yang mempunyai nama-nama yang aneh dan bertentangan dengan sifat serta peranannya. Daripada perspektif linguistik kognitif, fenomena penamaan tersebut boleh dianalisis dan dikenalpasti melalui ketegangan semantik (semantic tension) antara (kata) sesuatu yang dinamakan dengan (kata) sesuatu yang menjadi rujukan. Hal ini demikian kerana telah berlaku proses pemindahan makna, peranan dan bentuk kata bagi memastikan maksud yang dikehendakinya dapat difahami, ditafsir dan dihayati oleh khalayaknya. Bagi mendapatkan gambaran mengenai fenomena dan proses yang berlaku, kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif bagi mengumpul dan menganalisis data. Daripada analisis yang dilakukan, terdapat pelbagai rujukan yang digunakan oleh penutur untuk menamakan makanan tersebut seperti nama binatang, perbuatan, orang dan sebagainya. Hal ini dapat dikaitkan dengan pengaruh persekitaran kerana penutur didapati menggunakan sumber terdekat dengannya sebagai rujukan utama untuk memperihalkan sesuatu. Selain itu, hal ini juga menunjukkan bahawa proses penggunaan bahasa (penamaan makanan) oleh komuniti bahasa (orang Melayu) sangat berkaitan dengan latar budaya mereka, yang seterusnya menjadi identiti mereka.
This paper will discuss the phenomenon of food naming by the Malay community. Naming or labeling is a very important process because we can recognize or identify something because the "something" has an "identity" or identifier. In the Malay community, there are many types of food that have strange names that contradict their nature and role. From a cognitive linguistics perspective, the phenomenon of naming can be analyzed and identified through semantic tension between (words) something named and (words) something referred to. This is so because there is a process of transferring the meaning, role and form of words that is done to ensure that the desired meaning can be understood, interpreted and appreciated by the audience. In order to get an overview of the phenomena and processes that occured, this study will employ a qualitative approach to collect and analyze data. From the analysis, there are various references used by speakers to name the food such as the name of animals, actions, people and so on. This can be linked to the influence of the environment because the speaker is found to use the source closest to him as the main reference to describe something. In addition, this also shows that the process of using language (naming food) by the language community (Malays) is very related to their cultural background, which in turn becomes their identity.
ANTI HOAX AND MEDIA LITERACY IN PESANTREN IN THE POST-TRUTH ERA
Authors: Abu Amar Bustomi  , Agus Sholahuddin  , Tommy Hariyanto  , Suadi  , Abdur Rofik
Published: December 2023

This research examines the movement of Islamic boarding schools in developing media literacy among the students, amidst the widespread dissemination of hoaxes and the advent of the post-truth era. The study adopts a sociological research approach with a phenomenological perspective, utilizing the research library as its primary data source. The data is analyzed through the lens of social movement theory. The findings of this study reveal three main points. First, a significant number of students have developed a dependence on social media. Second, Pondok Pesantren Sidogiri and Nurul Jadid share a common vision in equipping their students to confront hoaxes and post-truth narratives by fostering critical thinking skills. Third, there are differences in the programs implemented to achieve the goal of cultivating critically-thinking students between Pondok Sidogiri and Pondok Nurul Jadid. While Pondok Sidogiri emphasizes internal development, Pondok Nurul Jadid focuses on external outcomes. These research findings contribute to enriching the field of sociology, particularly in the area of social movements through media literacy. Additionally, the study provides recommendations to Islamic boarding school administrators to promote media literacy initiatives.