bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stratospheric CH4 and CO2 profiles derived from SCIAMACHY solar occultation measurements
Authors: Noël S. , Bramstedt K. , Hilker M. , Liebing P. , Plieninger J. , Reuter M. , Rozanov A. , Bovensmann H. , Burrows J. P.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Stratospheric profiles of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) have been derived from solar occultation measurements of the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY). The retrieval is performed using a method called "Onion Peeling DOAS" (ONPD) which combines an onion peeling approach with a weighting function DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) fit. By use of updated pointing information and optimisation of the data selection and of the retrieval approach the altitude range for reasonable CH4 could be extended to about 17 to 45 km. Furthermore, the quality of the derived CO2 has been assessed such that now the first stratospheric profiles of CO2 from SCIAMACHY are available. Comparisons with independent data sets yield an estimated accuracy of the new SCIAMACHY stratospheric profiles of about 5–10 % for CH4 and 2–3 % for CO2. The accuracy of the products is currently mainly restricted by the appearance of unexpected vertical oscillations in the derived profiles which need further investigation. Using the improved ONPD retrieval, CH4 and CO2 stratospheric data sets covering the whole SCIAMACHY time series (August 2002–April 2012) and the latitudinal range between about 50 and 70° N have been derived. Based on these time series, CH4 and CO2 trends have been estimated, which are in reasonable agreement with total column trends for these gases. This shows that the new SCIAMACHY data sets can provide valuable information about the stratosphere.
A two-channel, Thermal Dissociation Cavity-Ringdown Spectrometer for the detection of ambient NO2, RO2NO2 and RONO2
Authors: Thieser J. , Schuster G. , Phillips G. J. , Reiffs A. , Parchatka U. , Pöhler D. , Lelieveld J. , Crowley J. N.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. We describe a Thermal Dissociation Cavity-Ring-Down Spectrometer (TD-CRDS) for measurement of ambient NO2, total peroxy nitrates (ΣPNs) and total alkyl nitrates (ΣANs). The spectrometer has two separate cavities operating at ~ 405.2 and 408.5 nm, one cavity (reference) samples NO2 continuously from an inlet at ambient temperature, the other samples sequentially from an inlet at 473 K in which PNs are converted to NO2 or from an inlet at 723 K in which both PNs and ANs are converted to NO2, difference signals being used to derive mixing ratios of ΣPNs and ΣANs. We describe an extensive set of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations to characterise the fate of organic radicals in the hot inlets and cavity and derive correction factors to account for the bias resulting from interaction of peroxy radicals with ambient NO and NO2. Finally, we present the first measurements and comparison with other instruments during a field campaign, outline the limitations of the present instrument and provide an outlook for future improvements.
Definition and test of the electromagnetic immunity of UAS for first responders
Authors: Adami C. , Chmel S. , Jöster M. , Pusch T. , Suhrke M.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Recent technological developments considerably lowered the barrier for unmanned aerial systems (UAS) to be employed in a variety of usage scenarios, comprising live video transmission from otherwise inaccessible vantage points. As an example, in the French-German ANCHORS project several UAS guided by swarm intelligence provide aerial views and environmental data of a disaster site while deploying an ad-hoc communication network for first responders. Since being able to operate in harsh environmental conditions is a key feature, the immunity of the UAS against radio frequency (RF) exposure has been studied. Conventional Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) applied to commercial and industrial electronics is not sufficient since UAS are airborne and can as such move beyond the bounds within which RF exposure is usually limited by regulatory measures. Therefore, the EMC requirements have been complemented by a set of specific RF test frequencies and parameters where strong sources are expected to interfere in the example project test case of an inland port environment. While no essential malfunctions could be observed up to field strengths of 30 V m−1, a sophisticated, more exhaustive approach for testing against potential sources of interference in key scenarios of UAS usage should be derived from our present findings.
Application of transmission-line super theory to classical transmission lines with risers
Authors: Rambousky R. , Nitsch J. , Tkachenko S.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. By applying the Transmission-Line Super Theory (TLST) to a practical transmission-line configuration (two risers and a horizontal part of the line parallel to the ground plane) it is elaborated under which physical and geometrical conditions the horizontal part of the transmission-line can be represented by a classical telegrapher equation with a sufficiently accurate description of the physical properties of the line. The risers together with the part of the horizontal line close to them are treated as separate lines using the TLST. Novel frequency and local dependent reflection coefficients are introduced to take into account the action of the bends and their radiation. They can be derived from the matrizant elements of the TLST solution. It is shown that the solution of the resulting network and the TLST solution of the entire line agree for certain line configurations. The physical and geometrical parameters for these corresponding configurations are determined in this paper.
Fast algorithm for radio propagation modeling in realistic 3-D urban environment
Authors: Rauch A. , Lianghai J. , Klein A. , Schotten H. D.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Next generation wireless communication systems will consist of a large number of mobile or static terminals and should be able to fulfill multiple requirements depending on the current situation. Low latency and high packet success transmission rates should be mentioned in this context and can be summarized as ultra-reliable communications (URC). Especially for domains like mobile gaming, mobile video services but also for security relevant scenarios like traffic safety, traffic control systems and emergency management URC will be more and more required to guarantee a working communication between the terminals all the time.
Efficient determination of the left-eigenvectors for the Method of Lines
Authors: Helfert S. F.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. The efficient determination of left eigenvectors in the method of lines (MoL) is described in this paper. The electromagnetic fields are expanded into eigenmodes and the eigenmodes are determined from an explicit matrix eigenvector problem. To study complicated structures with a moderate numerical effort, the analysis is done with a reduced set of these eigenmodes. The enforcements of the continuity of the transverse electric and magnetic fields at interfaces leads to expressions with rectangular matrices. Now left eigenvectors can be considered as inverse of these rectangular matrices. Until now, the left eigenvectors were determined from a second explicit eigenvalue problem. Here, it is shown how they can be determined with simple matrix products from previously determined right eigenvectors. This is done by utilizing the relation between the transverse electric and magnetic fields. The derived formulas hold for structures with Dirichlet, Neumann or periodic boundary conditions and the materials may be lossy. Open structures are modeled with perfectly matched layers (PML). To verify the expressions, various devices that contain such PMLs and lossy metals were studied. In all cases, error measures show that the algorithm derived in this paper works very well.
Investigation of the strong turbulence in the geospace environment
Authors: Kharshiladze O. , Chargazia K.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Plasma vortices are often detected by spacecraft in the geospace (atmosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere) environment, for instance in the magnetosheath and in the magnetotail region. Large scale vortices may correspond to the injection scale of turbulence, so that understanding their origin is important for understanding the energy transfer processes in the geospace environment. In a recent work, turbulent state of plasma medium (especially, ionosphere) is overviewed. Experimental observation data from THEMIS mission (Keiling et al., 2009) is investigated and numerical simulations are carried out. By analyzing the THEMIS data for that event, we find that several vortices in the magnetotail are detected together with the main one and these vortices constitute a vortex chain. Such vortices can cause the strong turbulent state in the different media. The strong magnetic turbulence is investigated in the ionsophere as an ensemble of such strongly localized (weakly interacting) vortices. Characteristics of power spectral densities are estimated for the observed and analytical stationary dipole structures. These characteristics give good description of the vortex structures.
Is model-order reduction viable for the broadband finite-element analysis of electrically large antenna arrays?
Authors: Floch O. , Sommer A. , Farle O. , Dyczij-Edlinger R.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Model-order reduction provides an efficient way of computing frequency sweeps for finite-element models, because the dimension of the reduced-order system depends on the complexity of the frequency response rather than the size of the original model. For electrically large domains, however, the applicability of such methods is unclear because the system response may be very complicated. This paper provides a numerical study of the effects of bandwidth, electrical size, and scan angle on the size and convergence of the ROM, by considering linear antenna arrays. A mathematical model is proposed and validated against numerical experiments.
A high throughput architecture for a low complexity soft-output demapping algorithm
Authors: Ali I. , Wasenmüller U. , Wehn N.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Iterative channel decoders such as Turbo-Code and LDPC decoders show exceptional performance and therefore they are a part of many wireless communication receivers nowadays. These decoders require a soft input, i.e., the logarithmic likelihood ratio (LLR) of the received bits with a typical quantization of 4 to 6 bits. For computing the LLR values from a received complex symbol, a soft demapper is employed in the receiver. The implementation cost of traditional soft-output demapping methods is relatively large in high order modulation systems, and therefore low complexity demapping algorithms are indispensable in low power receivers. In the presence of multiple wireless communication standards where each standard defines multiple modulation schemes, there is a need to have an efficient demapper architecture covering all the flexibility requirements of these standards. Another challenge associated with hardware implementation of the demapper is to achieve a very high throughput in double iterative systems, for instance, MIMO and Code-Aided Synchronization. In this paper, we present a comprehensive communication and hardware performance evaluation of low complexity soft-output demapping algorithms to select the best algorithm for implementation. The main goal of this work is to design a high throughput, flexible, and area efficient architecture. We describe architectures to execute the investigated algorithms. We implement these architectures on a FPGA device to evaluate their hardware performance. The work has resulted in a hardware architecture based on the figured out best low complexity algorithm delivering a high throughput of 166 Msymbols/second for Gray mapped 16-QAM modulation on Virtex-5. This efficient architecture occupies only 127 slice registers, 248 slice LUTs and 2 DSP48Es.
Reflexionseigenschaften von Windenergieanlagen im Funkfeld von Funknavigations- und Radarsystemen
Authors: Sandmann S. , Divanbeigi S. , Garbe H.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Die hier behandelte Untersuchung befasst sich mit den Störungen des elektrischen Feldes einer Doppler Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Radio Range Navigationsanlage (DVOR) in der Gegenwart von Windenergieanlagen (WEA). Hierfür wird die Feldstärke auf 25 konzentrischen Kreisbahnen, sog. Orbit Flights verschiedener Höhen und mit verschiedenen Radien rund um die DVOR-Anlage numerisch simuliert. Insbesondere werden die Einflüsse diverser Parameter der WEA wie deren Anzahl, Position, Rotorwinkel, Turmhöhe und Rotordurchmesser auf die Feldverteilung herausgestellt, sowie die Anwendbarkeit der Simulationsmethode Physical Optics (PO) durch Vergleich der Simulationsergebnisse mit denen der Multi Level Fast Multipol Method (MLFMM) untersucht.
Deep ocean mass fluxes in the coastal upwelling off Mauritania from 1988 to 2012: variability on seasonal to decadal timescales
Authors: Fischer G. , Romero O. , Merkel U. , Donner B. , Iversen M. , Nowald N. , Ratmeyer V. , Ruhland G. , Klann M. , Wefer G.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. A more than two-decadal sediment trap record from the Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystem (EBUE) off Cape Blanc, Mauritania, is analyzed with respect to deep ocean mass fluxes, flux components and their variability on seasonal to decadal timescales. The total mass flux revealed interannual fluctuations which were superimposed by fluctuations on decadal timescales possibly linked to the Atlantic Multidedadal Oscillation (AMO). High winter fluxes of biogenic silica (BSi), used as a measure of marine production mostly by diatoms largely correspond to a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index during boreal winter (December–March). However, this relationship is weak. The highest positive BSi anomaly was in winter 2004–2005 when the NAO was in a neutral state. More episodic BSi sedimentation events occurred in several summer seasons between 2001 and 2005, when the previous winter NAO was neutral or even negative. We suggest that distinct dust outbreaks and deposition in the surface ocean in winter but also in summer/fall enhanced particle sedimentation and carbon export on rather short timescales via the ballasting effect, thus leading to these episodic sedimentation events. Episodic perturbations of the marine carbon cycle by dust outbreaks (e.g. in 2005) weakened the relationships between fluxes and larger scale climatic oscillations. As phytoplankton biomass is high throughout the year in our study area, any dry (in winter) or wet (in summer) deposition of fine-grained dust particles is assumed to enhance the efficiency of the biological pump by being incorporated into dense and fast settling organic-rich aggregates. A good correspondence between BSi and dust fluxes was observed for the dusty year 2005, following a period of rather dry conditions in the Sahara/Sahel region. Large changes of all fluxes occurred during the strongest El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in 1997–1999 where low fluxes were obtained for almost one year during the warm El Niño and high fluxes in the following cold La Niña phase. Bakun (1990) suggested an intensification of coastal upwelling due to increased winds ("Bakun upwelling intensification hypothesis", Cropper et al., 2014) and global change. We did not observe an increase of any flux component off Cape Blanc during the past two and a half decades which might support this hypothesis. Furthermore, fluxes of mineral dust did not show any positive or negative trends over time which would have suggested enhanced desertification or "Saharan greening" during the last few decades.
Optimal site selection for a high resolution ice core record in East Antarctica
Authors: Vance T. , Roberts J. , Moy A. , Curran M. , Tozer C. , Gallant A. , Abram N. , van Ommen T. , Young D. , Grima C. , Blankenship D. , Siegert M.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Ice cores provide some of the best dated and most comprehensive proxy records, as they yield a vast and growing array of proxy indicators. Selecting a site for ice core drilling is nonetheless challenging, as the assessment of potential new sites needs to consider a variety of factors. Here, we demonstrate a systematic approach to site selection for a new East Antarctic high resolution ice core record. Specifically, seven criteria are considered: (1) 2000 year old ice at 300 m depth, (2) above 1000 m elevation, (3) a minimum accumulation rate of 250 mm yr−1 IE, (4) minimal surface re-working to preserve the deposited climate signal, (5) a site with minimal displacement or elevation change of ice at 300 m depth, (6) a strong teleconnection to mid-latitude climate and (7) an appropriately complementary relationship to the existing Law Dome record (a high resolution record in East Antarctica). Once assessment of these physical characteristics identified promising regions, logistical considerations (for site access and ice core retrieval) were briefly considered. We use Antarctic surface mass balance syntheses, along with ground-truthing of satellite data by airborne radar surveys to produce all-of-Antarctica maps of surface roughness, age at specified depth, elevation and displacement change and surface air temperature correlations to pinpoint promising locations. We also use the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast ERA 20th Century reanalysis (ERA-20C) to ensure a site complementary to the Law Dome record is selected. We find three promising sites in the Indian Ocean sector of East Antarctica in the coastal zone from Enderby Land to the Ingrid Christensen Coast (50–100° E). Although we focus on East Antarctica for a new ice core site, the methodology is more generally applicable and we include key parameters for all of Antarctica which may be useful for ice core site selection elsewhere and/or for other purposes.
Removing low-frequency artefacts from Datawell DWR-G4 wave buoy measurements
Authors: Björkqvist J.-V. , Pettersson H. , Laakso L. , Kahma K. K. , Jokinen H. , Kosloff P.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. In this study we describe a previously unreported error in the vertical displacement time series made with GPS-based Datawell DWR-G4 wave buoys and introduce a simple method to correct the resulting wave spectra. The artefact in the time series is found to resemble a sawtooth wave, which produces an erroneous trend following an f−2 power law in frequency space. The correction method quantifies the amount of erroneous trend below a certain maximum frequency and removes the spurious energy from all frequencies assuming the above mentioned f−2 power law. The presented correction method is validated against an experimental field test and its impact on the measured significant wave height is quantified. The method's sensitivity to the choice of the maximum frequency is also briefly discussed.
Sensitivity of chemical transport model simulations to the duration of chemical and transport operators: a case study with GEOS-Chem v10-01
Authors: Philip S. , Martin R. V. , Keller C. A.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Chemical transport models involve considerable computational expense. Fine temporal resolution offers accuracy at the expense of computation time. Assessment is needed of the sensitivity of simulation accuracy to the duration of chemical and transport operators. We conduct a series of simulations with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model at different temporal and spatial resolutions to examine the sensitivity of simulated atmospheric composition to temporal resolution. Subsequently, we compare the tracers simulated with operator durations from 10 to 60 min as typically used by global chemical transport models, and identify the timesteps that optimize both computational expense and simulation accuracy. We found that longer transport timesteps increase concentrations of emitted species such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide since a more homogeneous distribution reduces loss through chemical reactions and dry deposition. The increased concentrations of ozone precursors increase ozone production at longer transport timesteps. Longer chemical timesteps decrease sulfate and ammonium but increase nitrate due to feedbacks with in-cloud sulfur dioxide oxidation and aerosol thermodynamics. The simulation duration decreases by an order of magnitude from fine (5 min) to coarse (60 min) temporal resolution. We assess the change in simulation accuracy with resolution by comparing the root mean square difference in ground-level concentrations of nitrogen oxides, ozone, carbon monoxide and secondary inorganic aerosols with a finer temporal or spatial resolution taken as truth. Simulation error for these species increases by more than a factor of 5 from the shortest (5 min) to longest (60 min) temporal resolution. Chemical timesteps twice that of the transport timestep offer more simulation accuracy per unit computation. However, simulation error from coarser spatial resolution generally exceeds that from longer timesteps; e.g. degrading from 2° × 2.5° to 4° × 5° increases error by an order of magnitude. We recommend prioritizing fine spatial resolution before considering different temporal resolutions in offline chemical transport models. We encourage the chemical transport model users to specify in publications the durations of operators due to their effects on simulation accuracy.
TerrSysMP-PDAF (version 1.0): a modular high-performance data assimilation framework for an integrated land surface–subsurface model
Authors: Kurtz W. , He G. , Kollet S. , Maxwell R. , Vereecken H. , Hendricks Franssen H.-J.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Modelling of terrestrial systems is continuously moving towards more integrated modelling approaches where different terrestrial compartment models are combined in order to realise a more sophisticated physical description of water, energy and carbon fluxes across compartment boundaries and to provide a more integrated view on terrestrial processes. While such models can effectively reduce certain parameterization errors of single compartment models, model predictions are still prone to uncertainties regarding model input variables. The resulting uncertainties of model predictions can be effectively tackled by data assimilation techniques which allow to correct model predictions with observations taking into account both the model and measurement uncertainties. The steadily increasing availability of computational resources makes it now increasingly possible to perform data assimilation also for computationally highly demanding integrated terrestrial system models. However, as the computational burden for integrated models as well as data assimilation techniques is quite large, there is an increasing need to provide computationally efficient data assimilation frameworks for integrated models that allow to run on and to make efficient use of massively parallel computational resources. In this paper we present a data assimilation framework for the land surface–subsurface part of the Terrestrial System Modelling Platform TerrSysMP. TerrSysMP is connected via a memory based coupling approach with the pre-existing parallel data assimilation library PDAF (Parallel Data Assimilation Framework). This framework provides a fully parallel modular environment for performing data assimilation for the land surface and the subsurface compartment. A simple synthetic case study for a land surface–subsurface system (0.8 Mio. unknowns) is used to demonstrate the effects of data assimilation in the integrated model TerrSysMP and to access the scaling behaviour of the data assimilation system. Results show that data assimilation effectively corrects model states and parameters of the integrated model towards the reference values. Scaling tests provide evidence that the data assimilation system for TerrSysMP can make efficient use of parallel computational resources for > 30 k processors. Simulations with a large problem size (20 Mio. unknows) for the forward model were also efficiently handled by the data assimilation system. The proposed data assimilation framework is useful in simulating and estimating uncertainties in predicted states and fluxes of the terrestrial system over large spatial scales at high resolution utilizing integrated models.
UManSysProp: an online facility for molecular property prediction and atmospheric aerosol calculations
Authors: Topping D. , Barley M. H. , Bane M. , Higham N. , Aumont B. , McFiggans G.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. In this paper we describe the development and application of a new web based facility, UManSysProp (http://umansysprop.seaes.manchester.ac.uk), for automating predictions of molecular and atmospheric aerosol properties. Current facilities include: pure component vapour pressures, critical properties and sub-cooled densities of organic molecules; activity coefficient predictions for mixed inorganic–organic liquid systems; hygroscopic growth factors and CCN activation potential of mixed inorganic/organic aerosol particles; absorptive partitioning calculations with/without a treatment of non-ideality. The aim of this new facility is to provide a single point of reference for all properties relevant to atmospheric aerosol that have been checked for applicability to atmospheric compounds where possible. The group contribution approach allows users to upload molecular information in the form of SMILES strings and UManSysProp will automatically extract the relevant information for calculations. Built using open source chemical informatics, and hosted at the University of Manchester, the facilities are provided via a browser and device-friendly web-interface, or can be accessed using the user's own code via a JSON API. In this paper we demonstrate its use with specific examples that can be simulated using the web-browser interface.
Urban water sustainability: an integrative framework for regional water management
Authors: Gonzales P. , Ajami N. K.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Traditional urban water supply portfolios have proven to be unsustainable under the uncertainties associated with growth and long-term climate variability. Introducing alternative water supplies such as recycled water, captured runoff, desalination, as well as demand management strategies such as conservation and efficiency measures, has been widely proposed to address the long-term sustainability of urban water resources. Collaborative efforts have the potential to achieve this goal through more efficient use of common pool resources and access to funding opportunities for supply diversification projects. However, this requires a paradigm shift towards holistic solutions that address the complexity of hydrologic, socio-economic and governance dynamics surrounding water management issues. The objective of this work is to develop a regional integrative framework for the assessment of water resource sustainability under current management practices, as well as to identify opportunities for sustainability improvement in coupled socio-hydrologic systems. We define the sustainability of a water utility as the ability to access reliable supplies to consistently satisfy current needs, make responsible use of supplies, and have the capacity to adapt to future scenarios. To compute a quantitative measure of sustainability, we develop a numerical index comprised of supply, demand, and adaptive capacity indicators, including an innovative way to account for the importance of having diverse supply sources. We demonstrate the application of this framework to the Hetch Hetchy Regional Water System in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. Our analyses demonstrate that water agencies that share common water supplies are in a good position to establish integrative regional management partnerships in order to achieve individual and collective short-term and long-term benefits.
Review Article: Multi-criteria decision making for flood risk management: a survey of the current state-of-the-art
Authors: de Brito M. M. , Evers M.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. This paper provides a review of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) applications to flood risk management, seeking to highlight trends and identify research gaps. Totally, 128 peer-reviewed papers published from 1995 to June 2015 were systematically analysed and classified into the following application areas: (1) ranking of alternatives for flood mitigation, (2) reservoir flood control, (3) susceptibility, (4) hazard, (5) vulnerability, (6) risk, (7) coping capacity, and (8) emergency management. Additionally, the articles were categorized based on the publication year, MCDM method, whether they were or were not carried out in a participatory process, and if uncertainty and sensitivity analysis were performed. Results showed that the number of flood MCDM publications has exponentially grown during this period, with over 82 % of all papers published since 2009. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was the most popular technique, followed by Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). Although there is greater interest on MCDM, uncertainty analysis remains an issue and is seldom applied in flood-related studies. In addition, participation of multiple stakeholders has been generally fragmented, focusing on particular stages of the decision-making process, especially on the definition of criteria weights. Based on the survey, some suggestions for further investigation are provided.
Exploration of diffusion kernel density estimation in agricultural drought risk analysis: a case study in Shandong, China
Authors: Chen W. , Shao Z. , Tiong L. K.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Drought caused the most widespread damage in China, making up over 50 % of the total affected area nationwide in recent decades. In the paper, a Standardized Precipitation Index-based (SPI-based) drought risk study is conducted using historical rainfall data of 19 weather stations in Shandong province, China. Kernel density based method is adopted to carry out the risk analysis. Comparison between the bivariate Gaussian kernel density estimation (GKDE) and diffusion kernel density estimation (DKDE) are carried out to analyze the effect of drought intensity and drought duration. The results show that DKDE is relatively more accurate without boundary-leakage. Combined with the GIS technique, the drought risk is presented which reveals the spatial and temporal variation of agricultural droughts for corn in Shandong. The estimation provides a different way to study the occurrence frequency and severity of drought risk from multiple perspectives.
Eruptive shearing of tube pumice: pure and simple
Authors: Dingwell D. B. , Lavallée Y. , Hess K.-U. , Flaws A. , Marti J. , Nichols A. R. L. , Gilg H. A. , Schillinger B.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Understanding the physico-chemical conditions extant and mechanisms operative during explosive volcanism is essential for reliable forecasting and mitigation of volcanic events. Rhyolitic pumices reflect highly vesiculated magma whose bubbles can serve as a strain indicator for inferring the state of stress operative immediately prior to eruptive fragmentation. Obtaining the full kinematic picture reflected in bubble population geometry has been extremely difficult, involving dissection of a small number of delicate samples. The advent of reliable high-resolution tomography has changed this situation radically. Here we demonstrate via the use of tomography how a statistically powerful picture of the shapes and connectivity of thousands of individual bubbles within a single sample of tube pumice emerges. The strain record of tube pumice is dominated by simple shear (not pure shear) in the late deformational history of vesicular magma before eruption. This constraint in turn implies that magma ascent is conditioned by a velocity gradient at the point of origin of tube pumice. Magma ascent accompanied by simple shear should enhance high eruption rates inferred independently for these highly viscous systems.
Retrospective Evaluation of Canine Dermatitis Secondary to Corynebacterium spp.
Authors: Boynosky Nicole Ann , Stokking Laura B.
Published: November 2015

Corynebacterium species are considered nonpathogenic in canine dermatitis; however, potential clinical significance has been demonstrated in canine otitis externa and from a dog bite wound in a human. Objectives of this study were to identify the predominant Corynebacterium species present in lesions of canine dermatitis, assess pathogenic role, determine antimicrobial susceptibility, and evaluate clinical response. Of 37 isolates identified as Corynebacterium, 31 were Corynebacterium auriscanis. Most Corynebacterium isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol (97%), tetracyclines (92%), and amikacin (89%); isolate susceptibilities to β-lactams, trimethoprim-sulfonamides, and fluoroquinolones were <50%. Most cultures grew mixed populations of bacteria; C. auriscanis was the only organism isolated in three patients. At recheck, 2–8 wk after initial presentation, pleomorphic rods were absent or significantly decreased in all patients. Two of three C. auriscanis isolates were obtained in pure culture and were evaluable, meaning patient had an initial exam and recheck examination. Both patients were already on antimicrobials to which C. auriscanis was resistant in vitro. Both improved after doxycycline administration. C. auriscanis may act as an opportunistic pathogen in canine dermatitis and may not respond to antimicrobial therapy based on susceptibilities for other organisms in mixed infections. Occasionally, Corynebacterium isolated alone may be pathogenic.
Cross-sectional study of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy and risk of adhd among a nationally-representative sample of children
Authors: Derauf Chris , Pandey Diana , Liesinger Juliette T. , Ryu Euijung , Ziegenfuss Jeanette Y. , Juhn Young
Published: November 2015

Objectives: The development and severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to a number of psychosocial risk factors. Research has shown that the amount of social capital in a community influences the physical and mental health of community members. We assessed the independent role of perceived neighborhood context, including physical and socioeconomic characteristics, and collective efficacy, a form of social capital, on ADHD prevalence. Methods: Cross-sectional study utilizing the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health, a nationally representative dataset. The population of interest was children between the ages of four and seventeen living in randomly selected households. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association between indices of perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy (study exposures) on risk of ADHD (outcome), controlling for pertinent individual and family risk factors.Results: 9.8 percent of children in the US (ages 4‐17) had ADHD as reported by their caregiver. In multivariate analysis, white race, male gender, increased geographic mobility, exposure to household smoke, exposure to > 2 hours/day TV, and maternal mental illness increased the odds of ADHD, while a two‐parent household reduced the odds. The highest level of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy was associated with reduced risk of ADHD compared to lower levels of perceived collective efficacy (adjusted OR: 0.785; 95% CI: 0.650-0.946; p=.011). Perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and built environment were not associated with ADHD risk.Results: Nine percent of children in the US (ages 4-17 ) had ADHD as reported by their caregiver. Univariately, all 3 neighborhood characteristics were associated with risk of ADHD (p-value =.01, .04, and .0002 for socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy, respectively). After accounting for well-established risk factors for ADHD, perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and built environment were no longer associated with ADHD, while collective efficacy remained significant (p=.0002).  Lower level of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy was associated with increased risk of ADHD (OR: 1.7; 95\% CI: 1.3-2.2, comparing the lowest with the highest level).Conclusions: Our study suggests that perceived neighborhood collective efficacy may buffer the impact of individual-and family-level risk factors for ADHD in children.
Bladder rupture after voiding cystourethrography: A case report and literature review on pitfalls and bladder volume estimation
Authors: Keihani Sorena , Kajbafzadeh Abdol-Mohammad
Published: November 2015

Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is a common diagnostic study in pediatric urology. Although generally considered a safe procedure, VCUG can incur some complications. Bladder rupture following VCUG is a very rare complication and mostly happens in the setting of unused bladders, previous surgeries, or underlying disease. The rupture is almost always intraperitoneal needing prompt surgical treatment. We present a unique case of extraperitoneal bladder rupture after VCUG in an 8-month-old boy. The rupture remained unnoticed and the patient recovered spontaneously without medical or surgical intervention. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such case report in the English literature. The information provided may guide clinicians on the proper use of bladder volume formulas in children and also help them in getting a proper VCUG study.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 3, No. 6
Authors: Dong Bella
Published: November 2015

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 3, No. 6
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 4 No. 4
Authors: Dong Bella
Published: November 2015

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 4 No. 3, August 2015.
Kink Multi-soliton Solutions for the (2+1)-Dimensional Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff Equation
Authors: Deng Xichao , Xu Zhenhui , Chen Hanlin
Published: November 2015

In this work, (2+1)-dimensional Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff  equation, which cann't be converted to a complete form of Hirota's bilinear operator, is considered. By using modification of extended homoclinic test approach new kink breather soliton and kink multi-solitons solutions are obtained and exhibited, respectively.
Irregularity Strength of Corona Product of a Graph with Star Graph
Authors: Kumar K R Santhosh
Published: November 2015

If positive weights are assigned to the edges of a graph $G$, then degree of a vertex is the sum of the weights of edges that are incident to the vertex. A graph with weighted edges is said to be irregular if the degrees of the vertices are distinct. The irregularity strength of a graph is the smallest $s$ such that the edges can be weighted with $\{1,2,3, \cdots, s\}$ and be irregular. This notion was defined by Chartrand et al. (G Chartrand, M. S. Jacobson, J. Lehel, O. R. Ollerman, S. Ruiz \&  Saba. 1988). In this paper, we discuss the irregularity strength of corona product of a graph with star graph $K_{1,n}$. We obtain a sufficient condition on the minimum degree of a graph $H$ which determines the irregularity strength of a graph $H$ having $p$ vertices with the star graph $K_{1,n}$.
Créditos vol.33, n.3, noviembre 2015
Authors: Enseñanza de las Ciencias Revista
Published: November 2015

Créditos
La evaluación en educación primaria como punto de partida para el desarrollo de planes de mejora inclusivos en la Región de Murcia
Authors: Arnaiz Pilar , De Haro Remedios , Guirao Jose Manuel
Published: November 2015

Mejorar día a día con la finalidad de conseguir una educación de calidad e inclusiva es el desafío presente en la institución educativa.  Precisamente, en aras de promover la educación que queremos, debemos determinar la brecha existente entre las prácticas y los ideales. La evaluación se convierte en una herramienta imprescindible para poder conocer donde nos encontramos y qué deberíamos cambiar para alcanzar nuestros fines. En este trabajo presentamos el proceso de autoevaluación llevado a cabo por cuatro centros de Educación Infantil y Primaria de la Región de Murcia con el deseo de conocer su realidad para cambiarla, mejorarla y fomentar la Inclusión en ellas. El instrumento utilizado ha sido la Guía de Autoevaluación de Centros para la Atención a la Diversidad desde la Inclusión (ACADI), en concreto la dimensión referida al Proceso Educativo. Su utilización ha permitido a las cuatro escuelas realizar un diagnóstico de la realidad presente en cada institución, e identificar las fortalezas y las debilidades existentes en los mismos con el fin de promover una educación para todos. El método utilizado consistió en una investigación evaluativa con carácter cooperativo, en la que se llevaron a cabo procesos de reflexión colegiados sobre la propia realidad y práctica, realizados desde el interior de la institución educativa por sus protagonistas. Los resultados del conjunto de los centros destacan como fortalezas la planificación y organización de la enseñanza, el respeto a los estilos de aprendizaje del alumnado y la evaluación tolerante. Las principales debilidades radican en la organización de la acción tutorial, el respeto a los ritmos y características individuales del alumnado, las relaciones centro-contexto-social y la implicación activa del alumnado en su propio aprendizaje. Se puede concluir indicando que conocer las posibilidades y las dificultades presentes en los centros es el primer paso a acometer para promover escuelas inclusivas
Ainda suspira a última flor do Lácio?
Authors: Da Costa Ricardo , Fantin Vescovi Leticia
Published: November 2015

Resumo: O trabalho pretende analisar a formação do português e seus paralelos literários e históricos em relação ao castelhano e ao catalão. Para isso, primeiramente realizamos uma breve contextualização da trajetória linguística e literária das línguas iberoromânicas, a fim de ressaltar as semelhanças e diferenças na Hispânia. Em seguida, abordarmos três autores que, entre os séculos XIV e XIX, destacaram e realçaram a língua portuguesa em seu próprio tempo: o Conde D. Pedro de Barcelos (1287-1354), com sua Crónica Geral de Espanha de 1344; o padre e jesuíta Antônio Vieira (1608-1697), com o Sermão vigésimo do Rosário, e o poeta parnasiano Olavo Bilac (1865-1918), com o poema Profissão de Fé.Palavras-chave: História da Literatura comparada, Castelhano, Catalão, Conde de Barcelos, Antônio Vieira, Olavo Bilac.
La sufixació apreciativa del català: creacions lèxiques i implicacions morfològiques
Authors: Lloret Maria-Rosa
Published: November 2015

Resum: La situació de la derivació apreciativa dins la morfologia és excepcional, perquè la informació limitada que contenen, en general, les gramàtiques i els diccionaris sobre els apreciatius així com l’ús habitual d’aquestes formes en contextos familiars i informals fan que la creativitat dels parlants no es vegi limitada per normatives i que, per tant, aflorin solucions imaginatives, que, tot i la variació existent, segueixen uns condicionaments gramaticals clars. L’objectiu d’aquest treball és aportar noves dades en aquest camp a partir de formes recollides en corpus tradicionals i per internet, amb una doble finalitat: d’una banda, aprofundir en les particularitats morfològiques de la sufixació apreciativa del català, amb especial interès per les de les categories que la bibliografia sovint ignora (és a dir, els apreciatius que no deriven de noms, adjectius o verbs); i, de l’altra, demostrar que les restriccions distribucionals que presenten els apreciatius amb relació a les terminacions que admeten tant les formes tradicionals com les noves creacions lèxiques permeten redefinir quines marques flexives nominals reals té el català.Paraules clau: derivació apreciativa, neologismes, flexió nominal, marques flexives, gènere, català.
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid suppresses hepatic stellate cells activation by HMGB1 dependent reduction of NF-κB1
Authors: Wang Wenwen , Yan Min , Ji Qiuhong , Lu Jinbiao , Ji Yuhua , Ji Juling
Published: November 2015

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is essential to the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Exploring drugs targeting HSC activation is a promising anti-fibrotic strategy. In the present study, we found suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, prominently suppressed the activation phenotype of a human hepatic stellate cell line—LX2. The production of collagen type I andα-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) as well as the proliferation and migration of LX2 cells were significantly reduced by SAHA treatment. To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying this suppression, genome wild gene regulation by SAHA was determined by Affymetrix 1.0 human cDNA array. Upon SAHA treatment, the abundance of 331 genes was up-regulated and 173 genes was down-regulated in LX2 cells. Bioinformatic analyses of these altered genes highlighted the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) pathway was one of the most relevant pathways that contributed to SAHA induced suppression of HSCs activation. Further studies demonstrated the increased acetylation of intracellular HMGB1 in SAHA treated HSCs, and this increasing is most likely to be responsible for SAHA induced down-regulation of nuclear factor kappa B1 (NF-κB1) and is one of the main underlying mechanisms for the therapeutic effect of SAHA for liver fibrosis.
Rapid loss of phosphorus during early pedogenesis along a glacier retreat choronosequence, Gongga Mountain (SW China)
Authors: Wu Yanhong , Zhou Jun , Bing Haijian , Sun Hongyang , Wang Jipeng
Published: November 2015

The loss of phosphorus (P) during the early pedogenesis stage is important at the ecosystem level, and it also plays an important role in the global P cycle. The seasonal variation of total P (Pt) and its fractions along a young soil chronosequence (Hailuogou chronosequence) on the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain, SW China, was investigated based on the modified Hedley fractionation technique to understand P loss during the early pedogenesis stage. The results showed that the mineral P (mainly apatite) was the dominant fraction of Pt in the C horizon of the soil, and the seasonal difference in Pt and its fractions was insignificant. In the A horizon, Pt concentrations decreased markedly compared with those in the C horizon, and as the age of the soil increased, the inorganic P (Pi) significantly decreased and the organic P (Po) prominently increased. Seasonally, the P fractions exhibited various distributions in the A horizon. The variation of Pt and its fractions revealed that the P loss was rapid along the 120-year soil chronosequence. The P stocks in soils (0–30 cm) started to decrease at the 52 year site. And the P stock depletion reached almost 17.6% at the 120-year site. The loss of P from the soil of the Hailuogou chronosequence was mainly attributed to weathering, plant uptake, and transport by runoff. About 36% P loss was transported into plant biomass P at the 120 year site. The data obtained indicated that the glacier retreat chronosequence could be used to elucidate the fast rate of P loss during the early pedogenic stage.