bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rabbit Farming in India: An Overview
Authors: Bharathy N. , Sivakumar K. , Vasanthakumar P. , Sakthivadivu R.
Published: August 2021

Domestic rabbit belongs to genus Oryctolagus cuniculus which has 38 important breeds and 77 varieties of European rabbits. The domestic rabbit is known to produce quality meat, fur and very fine quality animal fibre. Rabbit rearing has gained momentum in the recent years among the developing countries including India, owing to their small body size, rapid growth rate, high prolificacy, early maturity, shorter generation interval and ability to utilize forage and fibrous agricultural by-products. In India, there has been a rising awareness in recent years on the virtues of broiler rabbit production as an alternative means of alleviating food shortages. India is also one of the developing countries which are also facing meat shortage of 4.66 g/day against the recommended requirement of 87 g/day. In India, the total rabbit population has increased from 424 thousands in 2007 to 591.6 thousand in 2012 which is 39.55% increase in last 5 years.
Prospects of Cropping System and Nutrient Management Towards Sustainability in Agriculture: A Review
Authors: Yasodha M. , Sharmili K. , Kumar A. Tharun , Chinnusamy C.
Published: August 2021

Cropping system involves proper management of inputs in a synergistic manner. Latest advancements in cropping system has resulted in including new rewarding crops in an appropriate manner with higher efficiency in utilization of resources. This ultimately effects the farmers with higher gross returns. Considering this fact, proper cohesion of nutrients/resources is essential to maintain an optimum fertility in the soil. This involves precise integration of synthetic chemicals, organics and biofertilizers; so that these practices may not incur a deterioration in soil health. Thus, this review projects the techniques of efficient pre-requisites in a cropping system for achieving higher productivity in a eco-friendly manner.
Duration of Composting and Changes in Temperature, pH and C/N Ratio during Composting: A Review
Authors: Lalremruati Mary , Devi Angom Sarjubala
Published: August 2021

Composting is the most viable treatment for biodegradable solid waste. Numerous techniques have been developed by different agencies to carry out composting. The most common method is aerobic bin method carried out on small scale. Compost piles and windrow methods needs larger land area and are mainly carried out by industries. The total time for completion of composting depend upon the type of substrate and the methods employed. Moisture content, temperature, pH and C:N ratio are among the most important factors for carrying out composting. The present review emphasised on the estimation of time taken by different types of substrates under different methods of composting and the changes in temperature, pH and C:N ratio occurring therein.
Isolation, Antibiogram and Molecular Characterization of Group B Streptococci Isolates from Bovine Mastitis
Authors: Singh Rajwent , Arora A.K. , Rai T.S. , Chandra Mudit
Published: August 2021

Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS) or Streptococcus agalactiae is an important pathogen associated with bovine mastitis. The organism is also of public health consequences and may cause variety of infections ranging from neonatal sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis to localized infections and urinary tract infection or arthritisin adult humans. Widespread use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine has led to development of resistance among the pathogens. So there is need for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance to ensure effective treatment. Methods: Milk samples collected from mastitis affected animals were processed for isolation of Streptococcus agalactiae. The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Molecular characterisation was carried out by PCR to study the occurrence of resistance marker genes and virulence marker genes. RAPD was carried out to study genetic diversity among the isolates. Result: Six isolates of S. agalactiae were obtained from 182 milk samples. Highest resistance was observed against co-trimoxazole and tetracycline followed by ampicillin. tetM gene and tetO genes could be amplified in four and three isolates, respectively. None of the isolates showed amplification for ermA, ermB, mefA and mefE genes. Three isolates were positive for the five virulence genes tested (glnA, cfb, hylB, scaA and cyl). RAPD analysis demonstrated great intraspecific genetic diversity among the streptococcal isolates.
Bio-efficacy of Plants based Formulations for the Management of Cowpea Aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch.)
Authors: Ghosh Sunil Kumar
Published: August 2021

Background: The cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is damaged by various insect pests of which cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora) causes heavy damage to the tender leaves of the plant and reduces its yield. Two plant based formulation (prepared in the Chemistry Laboratory) viz. Polygonum hydropiper floral parts and Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf, were used for safe management. Methods: The studies were done during 2019-2020 in BCKV, Kalyani, West Bengal, India for controlling of cowpea aphid by using plant based formulation. For preparing wettable powder formulation from Polygonum hydropiper floral parts and tobacco leaf the different ingredients are required viz. china clay, silica gel, wetting agent, dispersing agent etc. Physico-chemical analysis was done for preparation of accurate Wettable Powder formulation. Result: Cowpea aphid causes damage the tender leaves of the plant. It was revealed that imidacloprid (Confidor 17.8 SL) @ 1.0 ml/3L was found the most effective treatment against aphids giving more than 80% control followed by tobacco leaf (50 WP) @ 8 g/L of water (more than 70% control), fipronil (Regent 5% SC) @ 2.5 ml/L of water and Polygonum floral parts (50 WP) @ 8 g/L of water (more than 65% control both). The quality parameters of WP (50%) formulation was satisfactory as per the FAO specifications in terms of wet sieved test, wettability, foaming and suspensibility performed on the 0-day and also after 15th day at room temperature, at 65°C and at freezing temperature conditions.
Pelaksanaan Penilaian Ranah Afektif Menggunakan Google Form di Era New Normal
Authors: Marno Marno , Tausih Tsania Utsma
Published: August 2021

This article aims to determine the planning, implementation, as well supporting and inhibiting factors in the affective assessment process using Google Form in the New Normal era in PAI SMKN 2 Magetan using a qualitative research approach with descriptive research type. 1) affective assessment planning consists of conducting  KI / KD, determining the objective of the assessment, making a grid, selecting the type of instrument, and making scoring guidelines; 2) the implementation of affective assessments consisting of designing the instrument design, socializing the filling of the Google Form, asking students to complete the affective assessment, data processing and reporting the results; 3) the supporting factors for the implementation of affective assessment with Google Form consist of all parties who have tried their best, the government provides concessions to schools, students and teachers communicate actively, assessments are objective, comprehensive, economical, safety , and students' health is guaranteed. The inhibiting factors for affective assessment using Google Form consist of decreased student learning motivation, students experience internet network problems, teachers cannot monitor students directly.
O currículo decolonial e o combate ao racismo epistêmico
Authors: Nascimento Jairo Carvalho do , Castro Maria Aparecida Dias
Published: August 2021

Este texto discute aspectos relacionados ao currículo como um campo de disputas de poder que se desenrola na ação prática. Problematiza as bases epistemológicas do currículo, ensejando uma travessia do eurocentrismo para ouvir as vozes que ressoam da América, da Ásia, da África e da diáspora negra, no intuito de dissipar o desconhecimento que nos rodeia, matriz de muitas ignorâncias e visões distorcidas sobre temáticas da história da África e da cultura afro-brasileira. É no âmbito dessa perspectiva que a decolonialidade se insere como uma possibilidade de transgredir as normas sobre o que deve ser ensinado, tendo em vista que o racismo epistemológico tem norteado a construção, disseminação e problematização de saberes no ambiente escolar. Destarte, provocar reflexões sobre a decolonialidade do currículo é uma estratégia para o combate ao racismo, pensado como fenômeno estruturante das relações sociais.
Pedagogia histórico crítica
Authors: Schmitt Silvana Lazzarotto
Published: August 2021

Este artigo é resultado de pesquisa realizada para o processo de organização e realização, pela autora, de formação continuada para docentes da rede pública municipal de ensino do Paraná, sobre os pressupostos teóricos e práticos da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica. Essa ação está vinculada ao projeto de extensão “Grupo de estudos sobre teorias críticas da educação”, sob coordenação da autora junto ao Instituto Federal do Paraná. A efetivação do projeto acontece pela oferta de formação teórico-prática aos docentes, com finalidade à compreensão do significado da pedagogia histórico-crítica, como uma concepção dialética de educação. O trabalho é realizado desde 2017, com o qual se almeja subsidiar pedagogicamente os docentes para que possam efetivar o processo didático na perspectiva da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica. Assim, alguns dos pressupostos teóricos e práticos dessa Pedagogia são trabalhados, tais como o Materialismo histórico e dialético, o método da Pedagogia Histórico Crítica e a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. O referencial teórico está pautado especialmente nos estudos realizados por Saviani (2008, 2011, 2013a, 2013b, 2016), Martins e Duarte (2010), Martins (2013), bem como alguns escritos de Vigotski e seus seguidores. Esses três anos de pesquisa e intervenção permitem refletir sobre algumas questões gerais com relação à formação continuada dos professores, dentre as quais, destacamos a dicotomia recorrente entre teoria e prática, bem como a identificação dos elementos essenciais sobre as teorias críticas da educação, que precisam ser apropriados pelos professores para efetivar uma prática docente com vistas à garantia do acesso ao conhecimento historicamente elaborado pelos homens, para os alunos da escola pública, oriundos da classe trabalhadora.
Invitro Effect of Bulkfill and Incremental Application Techniques with Different Composite Filling Materials on Marginal Microleakage
Authors: Aulfat A. Albahari  , Ahmed A. Madfa  , Mohammed A. Dubais
Published: August 2021

Abstract                                                                                                 

Objective: To assess the in vitro effect of bulkfill and incremental application techniques on the microleakage of class II dental cavities filled with three different bulkfill composite materials at occlusal and cervical margins.

Methods: Standardized class II cavities were prepared on 120 human premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic treatment, which were randomly divided into two main groups of 60 teeth, corresponding to the two application techniques. Each group wasthen sub-dividedrandomly into three sub-groups based on the type of bulkfill restorative materials as follows: Tetric®N-Ceram BulkFill, Filtek™BulkFill flowable restorative material and X-trafil®BulkFill. All cavities were prepared and etched, and the corresponding self-etch bond adhesive systems were applied. A stereomicroscope was used to assess microleakage after thermocycling and immersion of the specimens in 0.1% methylene blue for 24 hours. Mann-Whitney U test was then used to analyze data.

Results: No statistically significant difference was found in the marginal microleakage between the incremental and bulkfill techniques using the three types of composite materials at both occlusal and cervical margins. The X-trafil®BulkFill showed the lowest score of microleakage with both application techniques compared to other bulkfill composite materials.

Conclusion: Both incremental and bulkfill application techniques using Tetric®N-Ceram BulkFill, Filtek™BulkFill flowable restorative material and X-trafil®BulkFill composite materials have a comparable effect on the marginal microleakage at occlusal and cervical margins of human teeth extracted from dental clinics in Sana’a city. Further studies are recommended to assess the clinical success of bulkfill composite materials using SEM or confocal microscope.
Quiste cerebral como complicación tardía inusual de lobectomía temporal en epilepsia farmacorresistente: reporte de un caso.
Authors: Barreto-Acevedo Elliot , Becerra-Zegarra Alicia , Villafuerte-Espinoza Mirla
Published: August 2021

La lobectomía temporal anterior es una técnica que ha probado, con un muy alto nivel de evidencia (60-73% de los casos), alcanzar un estado libre de convulsiones en pacientes con epilepsia focal farmacorresistente del lóbulo temporal. Se trata de una técnica que aun cuando ha demostrado ser segura, no está del todo libre de complicaciones. Se han reportado, por ejemplo, cuadrantanopsia homónima superior y depresión como las complicaciones más frecuentes, en tanto que la ocurrencia de un quiste cerebral sintomático de instauración tardía es muy poco usual. Se describe el caso de una paciente sometida a lobectomía temporal derecha que presentó esta infrecuente  complicación, y se incluyen una pertinente revisión de la literatura y mecanismos fisiopatogénicos propuestos.
The meaning of capital of Batobo farmer groups
Authors: Ramailis Mira Gusti , Triyuwono Iwan , Mulawarman Aji Dedi
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research was to reveal and comprehend the meaning of capital in Batobo tradition. Batobo is a traditional farmer organization, in the agriculture part of the Malay society. It has been doing and agreed together and taken the turn each the fields of their members that have been agreed by them. The place has exactly been in Riau province, Kuantan district Singingi Village Kunik. Establish the enthusiastic of solidarity, family, and build up the human relationship which can be useful for many people. This Capital significance research in batobo tradition does not focus in the significance only but the capital is also useful for the society. The contribution of this research is to present regional social accounting, namely accounting that is based on social norms that care about society and the environment, and then can maintain and introduce batobo culture by embracing the nephews (millennial society) who are present in the era of modernization by not eliminating the traditional values of batobo.In research resulted in three types of capital used in the name social capital, economic capital, and spiritual capital. This research uses an interpretive paradigm with methodology phenomenology. This research concluded that there are six significances of capital from the member batobo, they are mutual cooperation, friendship, cooperative, responsibility, donation and worship.
Performance Audit of Public Revenues of the Administrative Territorial Units
Authors:   West University of Timisoara, Romania, BRANET (ULICI) Diana-Sabina , HATEGAN Camelia-Daniela ,   West University of Timisoara, Romania
Published: August 2021

The financial indicators reported in the budget execution accounts of the local public administrations have implications in the assessment of the level of performance regarding the achievement of the own revenues of these public entities. The objective of the paper is to examine the causal link between the level of performance in achieving own revenues and that of the financial autonomy of local public administrations. The paper includes a summary of the evolution of legal regulations in Romania specific to local public administration and own revenue management, as well as an analysis of information highlighted in budget execution accounts published by entities for 2018-2020, and the latest annual reports published by the Court of Accounts of Romania regarding the deviations found and the audit opinion formulated following the financial audit missions in order to identify the aspects that may influence the level of performance in achieving its own revenues at the level of local public administrations. The sample consists of territorial administrative units classified as cities in the Western Region of Romania, which are not municipalities and are found in Arad County. The results of the study revealed that some cities had a fairly high level of performance in generating their own revenues, and some reported increasing capital expenditures from year to year, but in most cases the degree of achievement of their own revenues still remains quite low. The conclusion is that the degree of achievement of own revenues is in most cases at a level that needs to be improved, and payments for capital expenditures are still quite low, so none of the cities in the selected sample have the opportunity to be financed exclusively from own revenues.
The Solar System
Authors: Ljubičić Mario
Published: August 2021

The origin, mechanics and properties of the Solar System are analyzed in the framework of Complete Relativity theory. Main conclusions are: - Solar System is a scaled Carbon isotope with a nucleus in a condensed (bosonic) state and components in various vertically excited states, - Earth is a conscious living being of extremely introverted intelligence, - life is common everywhere, albeit extroverted complex forms are present on planetary surfaces only during planetary neurogenesis, - anthropogenic climate change is only a part (trigger from one perspective) of bigger global changes on Earth and in the Solar System during planetary neurogenesis, - major extinction events are relative extinctions, a regular part of transformation and transfer of life in the process of planetary neurogenesis.
Fuel-Lubricant Interactions: Critical Review of Recent Work
Authors: Taylor Robert Ian
Published: August 2021

A critical review of recent work on fuel lubricant interactions is undertaken. The work focusses on liquid fuels used in diesel and gasoline vehicles. The amount of fuel that contaminates the lubricant depends on driving conditions, engine design, fuel type and lubricant type. When fuel contaminates a lubricant, the viscosity of the lubricant will change (it will usually decrease), the sump oil level may increase, there may be a tendency for more sludge formation, there may be an impact on friction and wear, and low speed pre-ignition could occur. The increased use of biofuels (particularly biodiesel) may require a reduction in oil drain intervals, and fuel borne additives could contaminate the lubricant. The move to active regeneration of particulate filters by delayed fuel post-injection and the move to hybrid electric vehicles, and vehicles equipped with stop-start systems will lead to increased fuel dilution. This will be of more concern in diesel engines, since significant fuel dilution could still persist at sump oil temperatures in the range 100-150C (whereas in gasoline engines the more volatile gasoline fuel will have substantially evaporated at these temperatures). It is anticipated that more research into fuel lubricant interactions, particularly for diesel engines, will be needed in the near future.
Sustainable Global Supply Chain: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ahmed Shaoor , Sohail Nadia
Published: August 2021

This study aims to summarize the literature on sustainable global supply chain management so that researchers and practitioners can see the trends in the area in a single place. Systematic literature review (SLR) or Content analysis is used as a methodology of this literature review, studies that are published within the time frame of 2010 to 2020 are included in this literature. Dimensions to analyze each article includes; year of publications, methodology of research, data collection type, unit of analysis, industry, a country in which data is being collected, respondents’ types, the theory that is used in the study, dimensions of the sustainability and finally the purpose of study either it is to test the already existing theory or building up a new theory. I found that sustainable global supply chain management is an emerging field and there is potential in the area for researchers to explore the area.
Incorporating Driver Relaxation into Factory Adaptive Cruise Control and its Implications on Traffic Operation
Authors: Zhou Hao , Laval Jorge
Published: August 2021

Current adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems adopt fixed desired time headway, which leads to an abrupt speed reduction after being cut-in by a lane changer in front or when changing lanes too close to the new leader. In contrast, human drivers behave differently and feature a variable spacing within 20 or 30 seconds right after a cut-in or lane change. Motivated by the smooth transition found in driver relaxation, the paper aims to incorporate relaxation into ACC systems. Based on the open-source ACC platform, Openpilot, Comma.ai, the paper proposes a feasible relaxation model compatible with current factory ACCs, which has also been tested using a market car with stock ACC hardware. The study further investigates the impact of relaxation ACC on traffic operation. Numerical simulation suggests that incorporating relaxation into ACC can help: i) reduce the magnitude of speed perturbations in both cut-in vehicles and followers; ii) stabilize the lane-changing traffic by reducing the speed variance and prevent the lateral propagation of congestion, and iii) increase the average vehicle speed and capacity in merging traffic.
Optimalisasi Potensi Pemanfaatan Open Education Resources pada Pembelajaran Agama Islam
Authors: Taufik Taufik , Udhmah Syafaatul
Published: August 2021

Open Education Resources (OER) is not just a mere expectation in the world of education but is a tangible manifestation of the existence of the development of science and technology in today's sophisticated modernization world. The ease of accessing the internet is the main support in the potential use of open learning resources for everyone. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study method with the aim of knowing the potential use of OER in Islamic religious Education optimally and the advantages and benefits of using it. Potential utilization of OER in Islamic religious education can optimally be done if teachers have 3 competencies and students have 2 competencies related to the use of open source learning tools. The advantages and benefits of using it are cost-effective, easy to access, flexible in place, flexible in time, as desired and can practice independent learning.
Peran Orang Tua dalam Menumbuhkan Minat Belajar Siswa pada Pembelajaran Daring di SDN Kamulan 01 Kecamatan Talun Kabupaten Blitar
Authors: Ana Ria Fajrin Rizqy
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of parents in fostering student interest in online learning at SDN Kamulan 01. The type of research used was qualitative research with a case study approach. The subjects in this study were parents and fifth grade students of SDN Kamulan 01, totaling 25 students. Data collection techniques using questionnaires, interviews, and documentation methods. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the role of parents was indispensable in fostering student interest in learning. The role of parents in fostering student interest in learning shows a total score of 1014 with a percentage of 85% and is in the very high category. Students' learning interest in online learning shows a total score of 765 with a percentage of 77% and is included in the high category.
Análisis de resultados en el curso de estadística descriptiva virtual para estudiantes de ingeniería en la UNAD
Authors: Mosquera William
Published: August 2021

ONTARE. REVISTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN DE LA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA

El presente artículo es el resultado de la investigación sobre el análisis y la comparación de los resultados obtenidos en la evaluación final del curso de Estadística Descriptiva con el contenido programático y de calidad, en la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, (UNAD), para los estudiantes de ingeniería y administración de empresas entre los periodos de 2008-I al 2011-I intersemestral, por medio de un estudio estadístico cuantitativo de las pruebas presentadas en los periodos determinados  adicional a la revisión de cada una de las pruebas diseñadas y las estructuras de la misma, se consolidó la información suministrada por el director del curso y el sistema de evaluación de la Universidad, para convertirse en una herramienta básica en el diseño y mejora continua de la prueba y contenido modular, además proyectar estrategias para lograr un mejor rendimiento académico en el curso y como  instrumento bibliográfico en estudios similares de otros cursos de la Institución.
Surrogate-Based Analysis of Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery – A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Model Performance
Authors: Idogun Akpevwe Kelvin , Ujah Ruth Oyanu , James Lesley Anne
Published: August 2021

Optimizing decision and design variables for Chemical EOR is imperative for sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. However, these processes involve multiple reservoir simulation runs which increase computational cost and time. Surrogate models are capable of overcoming this impediment as they are capable of mimicking the capabilities of full field three-dimensional reservoir simulation models in detail and complexity. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and regression-based Design of Experiments (DoE) are common methods for surrogate modelling. In this study, a comparative analysis of data-driven surrogate model performance on Recovery Factor (RF) for Surfactant-Polymer flooding is investigated with seven input variables including Kv/Kh ratio, polymer concentration in polymer drive, surfactant slug size, surfactant concentration in surfactant slug, polymer concentration in surfactant slug, polymer drive size and salinity of polymer drive. Eleven Machine learning models including Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Ridge and Lasso regression; Support Vector Regression (SVR), ANN as well as Classification and Regression Tree (CART) based algorithms including Decision Trees, Random Forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Gradient Boosting and Extremely Randomized Trees (ERT), are applied on a dataset consisting of 202 datapoints. The results obtained indicate high model performance and accuracy for SVR, ANN and CART based ensemble techniques like Extremely Randomized Trees, Gradient Boost and XGBoost regression, with high R2 values and lowest Mean Squared Error (MSE) values for the training and test dataset. Unlike other studies on Chemical EOR surrogate modelling where sensitivity was analyzed with statistical DoE, we rank the input features using Decision Tree-based algorithms while model interpretability is achieved with Shapely Values. Results from feature ranking indicate that surfactant concentration, and slug size are the most influential parameters on the RF. Other important factors, though with less influence, are the polymer concentration in surfactant slug, polymer concentration in polymer drive and polymer drive size. The salinity of the polymer drive and the Kv/Kh ratio both have a negative effect on the RF, with a corresponding least level of significance.
Women’s role and support for the closed fishing season in the small-scale fisheries (SSF) of Davao Gulf, Philippines
Authors: Macusi Edison D , Macusi Erna S. , Gaab Charlen Mae , Barboza Anna , Digal Larry N.
Published: August 2021

Women’s role and support for the fisheries are barely acknowledged, they are stereotyped and marginalized and given limited participation in the fisheries. This study aims to describe the role of women and investigate their support for the closed fishing season in the small-scale fisheries (SSF) of Davao Gulf, Philippines. Survey data were collected in six study sites, only surveying women respondents involved in fishing and fishery-related activities. Interviews were conducted from November 2019 to July 2020 with respondents from Governor Generoso, Lupon, Davao City, Sta. Maria, Malita, and Don Marcelino (N = 255). The information collected was validated through seven focus groups with a total number of participants, N = 112. Results showed that women respondents who live near the shore, were poorly educated, attended elementary level (38%), do not own any parcel of land (91%), but have access to microfinance credit (64%). Women participated in the fisheries by gleaning for food and income. Some of their activities were performed to support their husbands, including preparing fishing gears (23%), food processing (6%), collecting and sorting fishery products (10%), marketing fish catches (25%), and gleaning (21%). Other results showed that women strongly support the closed fishing season which was significantly influenced by fisheries-related variables e.g. proportion of catch sold, and belonging to a family of fishers [B = 0.459 (S.E.=0.188), Wald = 5.928 df = 1, p = .015]. They support the policy for sustainability of their husband’s catches and their livelihood. Women also mentioned the need for financial seed capital for fishing gears, fishing operation and rented stalls for selling of fish.
“the Green Paradox Phenomenon: A European Union Empirical Application”
Authors: Tavares Ângelo Rafael , Robaina Margarita
Published: August 2021

The green paradox describes an undesirable and socially inefficient phenomenon caused by the expansionary reactions of the Supply as a response to the various mechanisms that combat climate change. This article seeks to understand and aggregate the different drivers of this phenomenon portrayed in the literature, as well the empirical evidence associated and the proposed solutions. For this purpose, compilation and systematization of the various scientific contributions up to date in this context have been elaborated, which led to the identification of five major drivers of the paradox: (i) Environmental Taxes, (ii) Green Supports, (iii) Uncertain Property Rights, (iv) Temporal Lag and (v) Emission limits (Cap). Moreover, we evaluate its effective impact on the European scenario in the last two decades, and we have obtained evidences that the hiatus in the implementation of the European emission cap mechanism has generated a strong green paradox. Moreover, a robust reflection regarding the economic and environmental adequacy of green supports should be considered due to its questionable net benefits. Lastly, we offer some recommendations of public environmental policies that escape the paradoxical phenomenon, through the enunciation of the conditionalities of these provocateurs.
Solanum Nigrum Leaf Extract Capped Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and its Tetrahedral L2Cu(ɳ2-BH4) Complex for Effective Degradation of Congo Red
Authors: Singh Kijay Bahadur , Gautam Neelam , Upadhyay Deen Dayal , Abbas Gulam , Pandey Gajanan
Published: August 2021

In this work, we reported the green synthesis of Solanum nigrum extract capped copper oxide nanoparticles (SN@CuO NPs) at room temperature, avoiding harsh, toxic, and environment unfriendly chemicals. The synthesized SN@CuO NPs, were analyzed with the help of spectroscopic techniques. UV-visible spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of SN@CuO NPs in reaction mixture while fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed capping of phytochemicals of Solanum nigrum over the surface of CuO NPs. Morphology and elemental composition of formed SN@CuO NPs were explored with the help of FE-SEM, TEM, and EDS, respectively. Crystalline nature, surface charge and specific surface area was characterized using XRD pattern, DLS and BET analyses, respectivley. The data obtained from spectroscopic analyses specified the formation of mesoporous, positively charged and highly stabilized CuO nanoparticles due to adsorption of phytochemicals present in Solanum nigrum leaf extract on the CuO nanoparticle’s surface. SN@CuO NPs have shown promising catalytic activity towards reduction of highly carcinogenic dye Congo red making use of sodium borohydride. Negatively charged reactants like anionic Congo red molecules and BH4− ions eagerly adsorbed on positively charged, small sizes (5–6 nm), mesoporous SN@CuO NPs surface having wide surface area. It is proposed that BH4− ions interacted with SN@CuO NPs to form Cu tetrahydroborates dihydrogen bonded (DHB) tetrahedral L2Cu(ɳ2-BH4) complex, which is proved as an effective reducing agent. This complex acts as dihydrogen source for rapid reduction of azo bond. UV-visible, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC-MS studies of reaction mixture at different reaction stages have shown that the major degradation intermediates were benzidine and α-naphthol. The apparent rate constants for the products at intermediate and final degradation stages have been found to be 0.468 min− 1 and 0.0189 min− 1, respectively. A plausible degradation mechanism for Congo red reduction has also been proposed in this study.
DNA methylation signature of chronic low-grade inflammation and its role in cardio-respiratory diseases
Authors: Wielscher Matthias , Mandaviya Pooja , Kuehnel Brigitte , Joehanes Roby , Mustafa Rima , Robinson Oliver , Zhang Tao , Bodinier Barbara , Walton Esther , Mishra Pashupati , Schlosser Pascal , Wilson Rory , Tsai Pei-Chien , Palaniswamy Saranya , Marioni Riccardo , Fiorito Giovanni , Cugliari Giovanni , Karhunen Ville , Ghanbari Mohsen , Psaty Bruce , Loh Marie , Bis Joshua , Lehne Benjamin , Sotoodehnia Nona , Deary Ian , Chadeau-Hyam Marc , Brody Jennifer , Cardona Alexia , Selvin Elizabeth , Smith Alicia , Miller Andrew , Torres Mylin , Marouli Eirini , Gào Xīn , Meurs Joyce van , Graf-Schindler Johanna , Rathmann Wolfgang , Koenig Wolfgang , Peters Annette , Weninger Wolfgang , Farlik Matthias , Zhang Yan , Chen Wei , Xia Yujing , Teumer Alexander , Nauck Matthias , Grabe Hans , Dörr Marcus , Lehtimäki Terho , Guan Weihua , Milani Lili , Tanaka Toshiko , Fischer Krista , Waite Lindsay , Kasela Silva , Vineis Paolo , Verweij Niek , Harst Pim van der , Iacoviello Licia , Sacerdote Carlotta , Panico Salvatore , Krogh Vittorio , Tumino Rosario , Tzala Evangelia , Matullo Giuseppe , Hurme Mikko , Raitakari Olli , Colicino Elena , Baccarelli Andrea , Kähönen Mika , Herzig Karl-Heinz , Li Shengxu , Heijmans Bastiaan , Conneely Karen , Kooner Jaspal , Kottgen Anna , Deloukas Panos , Relton Caroline , Ong Ken , Bell Jordana , Boerwinkle Eric , Elliott Paul , Brenner Hermann , Beekman Marian , Levy Daniel , Waldenberger Melanie , Chambers John , Dehghan Abbas , Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta
Published: August 2021

We performed a trans-ethnic Epigenome Wide Association study on 22,774 individuals to describe the DNA methylation signature of chronic low-grade inflammation as measured by C-Reactive protein (CRP). We found 1,511 independent differentially methylated loci associated with CRP. These CpG sites showed correlation structures across chromosomes, and were primarily situated in euchromatin, depleted in CpG islands and enriched in transcription factor binding sites and genomic enhancer regions. Mendelian randomisation analysis suggests altered CpG methylation is a consequence of increased blood CRP levels. Mediation analysis revealed obesity and smoking as important underlying driving factors for changed CpG methylation. Finally, we found that a fully activated CpG signature, meaning that if all novel discovered CpGs would either be fully methylated or unmethylated depending on their CRP associated direction of effect, the risk of myocardial infarction would be increased by 20.3%, risk of T2D by 11.3% and the risk of COPD by 5.6%.
Electronic and Physical Studies for Teflon FEP as a Thermal Control in Low Earth Orbit Reinforced With ZnO and SiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Hegazy Maroof A. , Ghoneim Rasha , Ezzat Hend , Yahia Ibrahim S. , Elhaes Hanan , IBRAHIM Medhat
Published: August 2021

Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (Teﬂon FEP) is used as external layer thermal insulator for Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and on the outside surfaces of space crafts in the low earth orbit (LEO). Teflon FEP was eroding as a result of exposure to Atomic Oxygen (AO) and different electromagnetic waves such as Ultraviolet radiation and X-ray. Model molecules were used to simulate Teﬂon FEP and its interaction with other nanoparticles such as ZnO and SiO2. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate model structures using B3LYP/LAN2DZ model. Molecular Electrostatic Potential as contour, band gap energy and total dipole moment were computed for all models. Thermal stability properties were also studied for Teﬂon FEP both individually and interacted with ZnO and SiO2. Results showed that a layer of OZn and SiO2 on Teflon FEP, especially Teflon FEP+OZn+OSiO structure, improves the physical, chemical, thermal, and electrical stability of Teflon FEP, potentially acting as a corrosion-inhibiting layer.
Managing non-target wildlife mortality whilst using rodenticides to eradicate invasive rodents on islands
Authors: Castaño Paula A. , Campbell Karl J. , Baxter Greg S. , Carrion Victor , Cunninghame Francesca , Fisher Penny , Griffiths Richard , Hanson Chad C. , Howald Gregg R. , Jolley Wesley J. , Keitt Bradford S. , McClelland Pete J. , Ponder Julia B. , Rueda Danny , Young Glyn , Sevilla Christian , Holmes Nick D.
Published: August 2021

Invasive rodents are one of the greatest threats to island biodiversity. Eradicating these species from islands has become increasingly practicable in recent decades, primarily using anticoagulant rodenticides. However, this approach also poses risks to native wildlife, and there has been corresponding development in the management of risks to non-target wildlife species. Here we review strategies and tactics used in operational management of non-target risk, using examples from rodent eradication projects conducted on 178 islands where non-target risk assessment and mitigation was a component of the rodent eradication campaign. We identified 17 different tactics within a framework of three strategic approaches: avoidance of risk, minimization of risk, and remediation of the impact of non-target wildlife mortality. We summarize these tactics in terms of their applicability, strengths, and weaknesses for rodent eradication projects in general, plus the potential interactions with achieving rodent eradication. There remains great potential for further innovation in reducing non-target wildlife risks from rodenticide used for invasive rodent eradications on islands, supporting advancement of the social acceptability of the toolset and biodiversity conservation.
MHD analysis on the physical designs of CFETR and HFRC
Authors: Zhu Ping , Li Li , Fang Yu , He Yuling , Wang Shuo , Han Rui , Liu Yue , Wang Xiaojing , Zhang Yang , Zhang Xiaodong , Yu Qingquan , Hu Liqun , Wang Huihui , Sun Youwen , Wei Lai , Tang Weikang , Liu Tong , Wang Zhengxiong , Yan Xingting , Huang Wenlong , Hou Yawei , Ji Xiaoquan , Zeng Shiyong , Abdullah Zafar , Chen Zhongyong , Zeng Long , Li Haolong , Chen Zhipeng , Wang Zhijiang , Rao Bo , Zhang Ming , Ding Yonghua , Pan Yuan
Published: August 2021

The China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) and the Huazhong Field Reversed Configuration (HFRC), currently both under intensive physical and engineering designs in China, are the two major projects representative of the lowdensity steady-state and high-density pulsed pathways to fusion. One of the primary tasks of the physics designs for both CFETR and HFRC is the assessment and analysis of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability of the proposed design schemes. Comprehensive efforts on the assessment of MHD stability of CFETR and HFRC baseline scenarios have led to preliminary progresses that may further benefit engineering designs. For CFETR, the ECCD power and current for full stabilization on NTM have been predicted in this work, as well as the corresponding controlled magnetic island width. A thorough investigation on RWM stability for CFETR is performed. For 80% of the steady state operation scenarios, active control methods may be required for RWM stabilization. The process of disruption mitigation with massive neon injection on CFETR is simulated. The time scale of and consequences of plasma disruption on CFETR are estimated, which are found equivalent to ITER. Major MHD instabilities such as NTM and RWM remain challenge to steady state tokamak operation. On this basis, next steps on CFETR MHD study are planned on NTM, RWM, and SPI disruption mitigation. For HFRC, plasma heating due to 2D adiabatic compression has been demonstrated in NIMROD simulations. The tilt and rotational instabilities grow on ideal MHD time scale in single fluid MHD model as shown from NIMROD calculations. Two-fluid MHD calculations using NIMROD find FLR stabilizing effects on both tilt and rotational modes. Energetic-particle stabilization of tilt mode was previously demonstrated in C-2 experiments and NIMROD simulations. With stabilization on major MHD instabilities from two-fluid and energetic particle effects, FRC may promise to be an alternative route to compact magnetic fusion ignition. To explore such a potential, we plan on further perform analyses of the MHD instabilities in HFRC during magnetic compression process.
Biofabrication of isotropic silver nanoparticles using cell-free metabolic extract of Bacillus kochii, and evaluation of their antimicrobial, antioxidant and catalytic potentials
Authors: Vadivel Meyappan , Mondal Moumita , Gurusamy Raman , Sakthivel Natarajan
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Microbial metabolites have been reported as potent candidates in the biofabrication of nanomaterials. For the first time, the present study reported the biofabrication of ecofriendly isotropic silver nanoparticles (BkCE-AgNPs) showed potential antimicrobial, antioxidant and biocatalysts characteristics using the metabolite of Bacillus kochii. Further, B. kochii crude extract (BkCE) mediated synthesis of BkCE-AgNPs was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 420 nm using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. Various major physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, crude extract concentration, AgNO3 concentration were utilized to characterize BkCE-AgNPs. In addition, FTIR analysis revealed the functional groups of active compounds present in the BkCE that mediated the fabrication of BkCE-AgNPs. Whereas, HRTEM confirmed the synthesis of BkCE-AgNPs with a size range between 4 to 44 nm and the crystalline nature of the biofabricated BkCE-AgNPs was confirmed by EDAX. Furthermore, the BkCE-AgNPs exhibited a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against A. baumannii, S. typhi, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The BkCE-AgNPs also showed excellent catalytic dye degradation potential and antioxidant activities confirmed by DPPH assay, total reducing sugar test and nitric oxide scavenging assays. In conclusion, the present study could help understand the development of biofabrication of nanomaterials using potent microbial metabolites in the agricultural and medicinal industries.
Estimation and verification of fractional derivative-based permeability of coals considering mining-induced stresses
Authors: Zhou Hongwei , Xie Senlin , Jia Wenhao , Zhao Jiawei , Yang Shuai , Wei Qing , Wang Xiangyu
Published: August 2021

To overcome the inaccuracy of the traditional transient pulse test, a new fractional derivative-based permeability estimation formula based on the transient pulse test is proposed to describe the pressure difference decay of a coal body subjected to mining-induced stresses. The permeability of coal specimens under mining disturbance conditions is measured using the MTS815 rock mechanics test system. The experimental results show that the transient pulse test based on the fractional derivative model provides a much better estimation of the coal specimen’s permeability than the conventional exponential decay model. Analyzing the evolution of the coal’s permeability shows that the permeability tends to decrease in the pre-peak compaction stage, following which it gradually increases in the plastic phase, and then increases sharply in the post-peak phase. The significance of the fractional derivative order γ is discussed, and its analysis shows that the solid-liquid interaction inside the specimen becomes complicated when the stress within the coal specimen changes.
Complication Rates of Percutaneous Brachial Artery Puncture: Effect of Live Ultrasound Guidance
Authors: Appelt Konrad , Takes Martin , Zech Christoph J , Schubert Tilman
Published: August 2021

PurposeThe current literature on the use of brachial artery access is controversial. Some studies found increased puncture site complications. Others found no higher complication rates than in patients with femoral or radial access. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of ultrasound (US)-guidance on access site complications.Materials and MethodsThis is a single-center retrospective study of all consecutive patients with brachial arterial access for interventional procedures. Complications were classified into minor complications (conservative treatment only) and major complications (requiring surgical intervention). The brachial artery was cannulated in the antecubital fossa under US-guidance. After the intervention, manual compression or closure devices, both followed by a compression bandage for 3 hours, either achieved hemostasis.Results75 procedures in 71 patients were performed in the study period using brachial access. Access was successful in all cases (100%). Procedures in different vascular territories were performed: neurovascular (11/14.7%), upper extremity (36/48%), visceral (20/26.7%), and lower extremity (12/16%). Sheath size ranged from 3.2F to 8F (mean: 5F). Closure devices were used in 17 cases (22.7%). In total, six complications were observed (8.0%), four minor complications (5.3%, mostly puncture site hematomas), and two major complications, that needed surgical treatment (2.7%). No brachial artery thrombosis or upper extremity ischemia occurred.ConclusionExclusive use of US-guidance resulted in a low risk of brachial artery access site complications in our study compared to the literature. US-guidance has been proven to reduce the risk of access site complications in several studies in femoral access. In addition, brachial artery access yields a high technical success rate and requires no additional injection of spasmolytic medication. Sheath size was the single significant predictor for complications.