bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudo comparativo da eficiência do aparelho extrabucal e da barra transpalatina como meios de ancoragem durante a fase de retração
Authors: Moscardini Marcos Salomão
Published: September 2007

OBJETIVO: o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de dois dispositivos ortodônticos, o aparelho extrabucal (AEB) e a barra transpalatina (BTP), no controle de ancoragem dos primeiros molares superiores, no processo de retração dos dentes anteriores, nos casos de extrações de pré-molares superiores. METODOLOGIA: a amostra foi composta por 30 pacientes, que foram divididos em 2 grupos. O grupo 1 foi composto por 14 pacientes, que utilizaram como meio de ancoragem o AEB, e o grupo 2 foi composto por 16 pacientes, que utilizaram a BTP como meio de ancoragem. Foram obtidas telerradiografias laterais iniciais e finais ao processo de retração dos dentes anteriores, onde foram avaliadas, comparativamente, a posição inicial e final dos molares superiores, tanto no sentido quantitativo (movimento mesial do molar) como qualitativo (inclinação mesial da coroa do molar). RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: os resultados permitiram concluir que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos, no que diz respeito ao aspecto quantitativo da perda de ancoragem, no entanto, o AEB se mostrou mais eficiente no sentido qualitativo, pois permitiu uma menor inclinação mesial da coroa dos molares.
Avaliação das alterações na distância intercaninos do arco inferior em pacientes com má oclusão de Classe I tratados ortodonticamente
Authors: Araújo Patricia Regina Rizzo , Leite Heloísio de Rezende , Brito Hélio Henrique de Araújo
Published: September 2007

INTRODUÇÃO: modificações na distância intercaninos do arco inferior, durante o tratamento ortodôntico, são consideradas, por alguns pesquisadores, como instáveis. OBJETIVO E METODOLOGIA: o presente estudo, com o propósito de observar possíveis alterações pós-tratamento na distância intercaninos, decorrentes da expansão do arco nessa região, avaliou 30 pacientes com má oclusão inicial de Classe I de Angle, tratados ortodonticamente no COP (Centro de Odontologia e Pesquisa) da PUC (Pontifícia Universidade Católica) de Minas Gerais. A distância intercaninos inferior foi medida de duas maneiras: na ponta da cúspide e na face vestibular dos caninos. As medidas foram feitas em três tempos: T1- pré-tratamento, T2- pós-tratamento e T3- após um mínimo de um ano sem uso da contenção inferior. Foram realizadas comparações quanto ao gênero, realização ou não de exodontias no tratamento, tempo fora de contenção (de um a cinco anos e acima de cinco anos) e tipo de movimentação dos caninos (translação ou inclinação). RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: houve um aumento significantes da distância intercaninos durante o tratamento ortodôntico e um decréscimo no período pós-contenção, tanto na ponta da cúspide quanto na face vestibular. Entretanto, a redução da medida, no período pós-contenção, foi maior na ponta da cúspide do que na face vestibular. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes na recidiva, com relação ao gênero e ao tempo fora de contenção. Pôde-se observar, porém, uma maior recidiva da distância intercaninos (referência na ponta da cúspide) nos casos tratados com extração de pré-molares. Entretanto, ao avaliar os valores obtidos na face vestibular, observou-se que, nesse grupo de pacientes, a expansão foi significantemente maior. Nos casos em que a expansão da distância intercaninos foi realizada através de translação do canino (50% da amostra), houve uma maior recidiva na medida feita na ponta da cúspide do que na da face vestibular após a remoção das contenções, indicando que houve uma inclinação dos caninos para lingual.
Prevalência e fatores de risco da mordida aberta anterior na dentadura decídua completa em pré-escolares na cidade de Natal/RN
Authors: Sousa Raniere Luiz dos Santos , Lima Rejane Bezerra de , Florêncio Filho Cícero , Lima Kênio Costa de , Diógenes Alexandre Magno de Negreiros
Published: September 2007

OBJETIVO: estimar a prevalência da mordida aberta anterior na dentadura decídua completa em crianças pré-escolares da cidade de Natal/RN e a associação desta a alguns fatores de risco. METODOLOGIA: este estudo caracterizou-se por ser do tipo transversal e utilizou como elementos amostrais 366 indivíduos na idade de 5 anos na fase de dentadura decídua completa. A mordida aberta anterior, variável dependente, foi categorizada em presente e ausente. No que se refere às variáveis independentes estas foram divididas em: socioeconômicodemográficas e fatores extrínsecos. Através de um questionário fechado e estruturado, foram obtidas informações a respeito das variáveis socioeconômicodemográficas e os seguintes fatores extrínsecos: tipo de aleitamento, tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo, tempo de aleitamento artificial, hábito e tempo de hábito. Através do exame clínico, foram obtidos os dados relativos ao padrão facial, considerado como fator extrínseco, e à variável dependente - mordida aberta anterior. A associação entre a mordida aberta anterior e as variáveis independentes foi obtida através do teste qui-quadrado com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: verificou-se associação significante entre a classe econômica, renda e a presença de hábito. A prevalência da mordida aberta anterior foi de 20,6 % do total da amostra.
Avaliação da neoformação óssea na sutura palatina mediana por meio de radiografia digitalizada após a expansão assistida cirurgicamente
Authors: Malmström Márcia Ferreira Vasconcelos , Gurgel Júlio de Araújo
Published: September 2007

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a neoformação óssea na região da sutura palatina mediana em pacientes adultos submetidos à expansão rápida da maxila assistida cirurgicamente. METODOLOGIA: foram utilizadas radiografias oclusais convencionais periódicas obtidas da fase inicial e até 120 dias de contenção, digitalizadas em scanner com leitor de transparências, para a avaliação da densidade óptica. RESULTADOS: a densidade óptica apresentou um aumento na fase final de contenção, porém, os valores de pixels obtidos em 120 dias foram significantemente inferiores aos valores da fase inicial. CONCLUSÕES: 1) os valores de pixels mostraram uma variabilidade individual no processo de remodelação da sutura; 2) não houve equiparação da densidade óptica no período final de contenção aos valores iniciais, demonstrando que o prazo de 120 dias não foi suficiente para a completa neoformação e remodelação óssea da sutura; 3) os resultados obtidos pelo método computadorizado corresponderam às informações obtidas nas radiografias oclusais convencionais, acrescentando a estas a análise quantitativa dos dados obtidos, podendo ser utilizado como método complementar de diagnóstico na prática clínica ortodôntica.
Estudo comparativo da resistência adesiva da interface resina/braquete, sob esforços de cisalhamento, empregando três resinas compostas e três tipos de tratamento na base do braquete
Authors: Mondelli Adriano Lia , Feitas Marcos Roberto de
Published: September 2007

OBJETIVO: considerando que, até o momento, a união braquete/resina é conseguida mecânica e quimicamente, esse estudo propôs avaliar: 1) a eficiência da metodologia empregada para avaliação da força de união da interface resina/braquete; 2) a resistência adesiva da interface resina/braquete sob esforços de cisalhamento, empregando três marcas comerciais de resina composta (Concise ortodôntico, Transbond-XT e Filtek-Z-250); 3) o efeito, nesta resistência adesiva, do jateamento com óxido de alumínio, aplicado na base do braquete metálico, associado ou não ao sistema adesivo resinoso dentário. METODOLOGIA: para avaliar a união adesiva, especificamente na interface resina/braquete, empregou-se uma máquina universal de ensaios e o teste preconizado foi o de cisalhamento. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: após análise estatística (análise de Variância e, posteriormente, teste de Tukey) e discussão dos resultados, conclui-se que: a ocorrência de 12,5% de fraturas coesivas pode ser considerada mínima, indicando que a metodologia empregada pode ser considerada confiável para avaliar especificamente a força de união da interface resina/braquete; em relação aos tipos de materiais empregados, sem nenhum tratamento prévio, as resinas compostas Concise ortodôntico, Transbond-XT e Filtek-Z-250 apresentaram valores similares de resistência adesiva sob esforços de cisalhamento; os tratamentos que incluíam a aplicação do adesivo específico, com ou sem jateamento com óxido de alumínio na base do braquete, foram mais efetivos para a resina composta Concise ortodôntico, quando comparados ao seu grupo controle; os tratamentos de jateamento com óxido de alumínio, associado ou não ao adesivo específico na base do braquete, foram mais efetivos estatisticamente para a resina composta Transbond-XT, quando comparados ao seu grupo controle; para a resina composta Filtek-Z-250, quando utilizado o adesivo Single Bond na base do braquete, associado ou não ao jateamento com óxido de alumínio, houve uma queda dos valores de resistência ao cisalhamento. O tratamento com jateamento de óxido de alumínio na base dos braquetes melhorou todos os valores de adesividade para todos os materiais de colagem utilizados nesta pesquisa.
Estudo das alterações do ponto B durante o tratamento ortodôntico
Authors: Marques José Soares , Siqueira Vania Célia Vieira de
Published: September 2007

OBJETIVO: os autores desse trabalho estudaram e compararam as possíveis alterações na região do ponto B, decorrentes do tratamento ortodôntico, em casos tratados com e sem extração dos quatro primeiros pré-molares. METODOLOGIA: foram avaliadas, cefalometricamente, trinta jovens do gênero feminino, leucodermas, dolicofaciais, com má oclusão do tipo Classe II, primeira divisão, e idade média de 12,3 anos ao início do tratamento. Quinze jovens foram submetidas à extração dos quatro primeiros pré-molares e as outras 15 não. Foram mensuradas as grandezas cefalométricas relativas ao IMPA, 1-ND, B-ND e Bperp-GoMe e os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de Kruskall-Wallis e aos testes de Friedman e de correlação de Pearson. RESULTADOS: os resultados para a medida IMPA mostraram que ocorreu uma tendência de aumento desta medida no grupo sem extrações e uma expressiva diminuição no grupo com extrações. A medida 1-ND apresentou uma diminuição no grupo com extrações e um suave aumento no grupo sem extrações. Ocorreu uma tendência à diminuição da medida B-ND no grupo com extrações e de inalteração no grupo sem extrações, mas não ocorreram diferenças estatisticamente significantes intergrupos. A medida Bperp-GoMe, em ambos os grupos, aumentou na avaliação do pós-tratamento. Ocorreu uma correlação positiva entre os valores do IMPA, 1-ND e B-ND no grupo com extrações, pois uma diminuição do IMPA implicou em diminuição do 1-ND e em uma localização mais para posterior do ponto B. CONCLUSÕES: esses resultados demonstraram que as alterações do ponto B, no sentido ântero-posterior, decorrentes da movimentação ortodôntica, indicaram uma tendência para a lingualização nos pacientes submetidos a extrações. No sentido vertical, as alterações no ponto B, em ambos os grupos, mostraram significância, uma vez que a medida no exame final encontrava-se significativamente superior à medida do exame inicial.
Avaliação das alterações do plano oclusal em telerradiografias em norma lateral no tratamento de más oclusões de Classe II, 1ª divisão, com Bionator de Balters, em pacientes retrovertidos, neutrovertidos e provertidos
Authors: Nunes Ingrid Madeira de Barros , Faltin Jr. Kurt , Ortolani Cristina L. F.
Published: September 2007

OBJETIVO: este trabalho objetiva verificar as alterações do plano oclusal funcional de Ricketts, utilizando as variáveis que orientam este plano nas análises cefalométricas de Ricketts e Schawrz-Faltin, em pacientes portadores de má oclusão de Classe II de Angle, 1ª divisão, associada ao retrognatismo mandibular, cuja terapêutica indicada tenha sido a Bionatorterapia. METODOLOGIA: a amostra coletada neste estudo retrospectivo consta de 128 telerradiografias em norma lateral de 64 indivíduos retrovertidos, neutrovertidos e provertidos, de ambos os gêneros, no estágio de desenvolvimento da oclusão em fase mista ou permanente jovem. A faixa etária dos indivíduos selecionados para o estudo variou entre 7 anos e 1 mês a 13 anos e 2 meses no momento T1, sendo a média inicial de 10 anos de idade. A média de duração do tratamento foi de 19,7 meses. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: os resultados mostraram comportamentos distintos do plano oclusal, conforme o tipo facial retrovertido, neutrovertido ou provertido. O controle do plano oclusal na Bionatorterapia, pelo manejo do Bionator conforme o tipo facial de cada paciente, por meio de desgastes seletivos no acrílico e conseqüente erupção diferenciada dos dentes, pode influenciar favoravelmente o crescimento geral da face em cada tipo facial.
Telerradiografias obtidas em posição natural da cabeça alteram as grandezas cefalométricas?
Authors: Haiter-Neto Francisco , Oliveira Séfora Santos , Casanova Marcia Spinelli , Caldas Maria de Paula
Published: September 2007

OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a real variação entre as medidas cefalométricas realizadas em telerradiografias laterais de um mesmo indivíduo, obtidas em posição natural da cabeça (PNC) e na técnica padrão, onde o plano de Frankfurt foi posicionado paralelamente ao solo. Foi realizada a análise facial, comparando as medidas de postura, perfil facial e medidas ântero-posteriores. METODOLOGIA: a amostra foi composta por 50 telerradiografias laterais de indivíduos brasileiros, sendo 25 do gênero feminino e 25 do gênero masculino, com idade média de 21 anos. As medidas cefalométricas avaliadas foram divididas em três campos: 4 medidas de postura, 3 medidas de perfil e 9 medidas ântero-posteriores das bases ósseas. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: para as medidas de postura, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas no grupo feminino, sendo que no grupo masculino foram encontradas diferenças significativas para os planos SN, Frankfurt, e Mandibular em relação à linha vertical verdadeira. Para as medidas ântero-posteriores e de perfil facial, não houve diferenças para ambos os grupos. Houve correlação do plano SN/V (Sela-Násio/Linha vertical verdadeira) com o plano palatino e Plano Horizontal de Frankfurt nas radiografias padrão e PNC, com exceção do grupo masculino nas telerradiografias laterais padrão. Não houve correlação entre o plano da base do crânio SN/V com o plano mandibular em nenhuma das duas posições.
Antioxidant properties of Spirulina (Arthospira) platensis cultivated under different temperatures and nitrogen regimes
Authors: Colla Luciane Maria , Furlong Eliana Badiale , Costa Jorge Alberto Vieira
Published: September 2007

The main aim of this work was to investigate the effects of temperature and nitrogen concentration on the antioxidant potential of extracts from Spirulina (Arthospira) platensis biomass. S. platensis biomass obtained at 35ºC and with 1.875 g.L-1 or 2.5 g.L-1 of sodium nitrate in the culture medium presented higher concentrations of phenolic compounds. The antioxidant potential of methanol extracts of biomass on the enzymatic browning caused by peroxidase were 29 and 35%, respectively, being the reduction related to the amount of phenolic compounds present in this extract.
Production of extracellular protease by a Brazilian strain of Beauveria bassiana reactivated on coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei
Authors: Ito Eliana Tiemi , Varéa-Pereira Geni , Miyagui Dalva Tomoe , Pinotti Maria Helena Pimenta , Neves Pedro Manoel Oliveira Janeiro
Published: September 2007

Studies were carried out on extracellular protease production by Beauveria bassiana CG432 in liquid medium containing glucose and yeast extract. B. Bassiana presented active growth after lag period of 24 h., produced 80% of the total of the extracellular protease activity in 48 h which was maximum on the 5th culture day. The extracellular protease presented optimum activity at 60ºC, was stable up to 1M Cl-, maintained the stability during 15 day at 4ºC and -18ºC, but was not stable if frozen repeatedly.
Behavior of the combined radial post-feeding larval dispersal of the blowflies Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera, Calliphoridae) and implications for forensic entomology
Authors: Gomes Leonardo , Sanches Marcos Rogério , Von Zuben Claudio José
Published: September 2007

The aims of this work was to study the life stages of Chrysomya megacephala in a circular arena allowing the combined radial post-feeding dispersal from the center of the arena of C. albiceps and C. megacephala larvae. To determine the location of each pupa, the distance from the center, the depth and weight of each pupa formed were analyzed. For the larvae of C. albiceps, females released buried deeper than males, reaching an average depth of 10.74 cm and C. megacephala larvae presented greater average results than C. albiceps for all variables, particularly distance, which was 16.02 cm for this species and 12.30 cm for C. albiceps. C. albiceps larvae preyed on 30 C. megacephala larvae in both experiments. These results could be used in forensic entomology because the evaluation of Post Mortem Interval (PMI) was one of the most important aspects of legal medicine, and it could be underestimated if the older dispersing larvae or those that dispersed longer and faster or deeper, were not taken into account.
Effect of water losses by evaporation and chemical reaction in an industrial slaker reactor
Authors: Andreola Ricardo , Vieira Osvaldo , Santos Onélia Aparecida Andreo dos , Jorge Luiz Mario de Matos
Published: September 2007

A dynamic model of the slaker reactor was developed and validated for Klabin Paraná Papéis causticizing system, responsable for white liquor generation used by the plant. The model considered water losses by evaporation and chemical reaction. The model showed a good agreement with the industrial plant measures of active alkali, total titratable alkali and temperature, without the need of adjustment of any parameter. The simulated results showed that the water consumption by the slaking reaction and evaporation exerted significant influence on the volumetric flow rate of limed liquor, which imposed a decrease of 4.6% in the amount of water in reactor outlet.
Evaluation of the types of starch for preparation of LDPE/starch blends
Authors: Vinhas Glória Maria , Lima Suzana Moreira de , Santos Lívia Almeida , Lima Maria Alice Gomes de Andrade , Almeida Yêda Medeiros Bastos de
Published: September 2007

This study evaluated in relation the growth, and the amylolytic activity of mixed and isolated cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Talaromyces wortmanni on different types of starch. The thermal and mechanical properties in polyethylene/starch blends (proportion: 80/20 (w/w) before and after inoculation of the mixed cultures were evaluated. The regular starch Amidex 3 and the modified starch Fox5901 stood out in relation to the cellular growth and production of the amylase enzyme. In spite of the short time that the blends were exposed to the fungi, the microorganisms promoted physical and chemical changes in the structure of the blend, modifying its thermal and mechanical properties. The alteration of the degree of crystallinity and mechanical properties of the blends could be indications of the modification caused by the biodegradation process.
The effect of temperature and salinity on the physiological rates of the mussel Perna perna (Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Resgalla Jr. Charrid , Brasil Elisângela de Souza , Salomão Luis Carlos
Published: September 2007

The aim of this work was to study the rates of respiration, clearance, excretion and absorption efficiency at different temperature and salinity under laboratory conditions for Perna perna. Results showed variations in physiological rates and in acclimatization capacity which, taken together, enabled to understand its behavior in the environment, as well as to estimate its scope for growth. All experiments were carried out in static conditions, in ten replicas with one mussel by flasks. Perna perna was capable of achieving acclimatization for both clearance and absorption efficiency (15 to 30 ºC), but it achieved only partial acclimatization for respiration and excretion under chronic temperature conditions. The clearance and respiration rates increased twofold as the mussel was submitted to temperature shock, which signified a response to metabolism activity. Acclimatization to salinity was clearly the best developed capability (20 to 40 ‰). Net growth efficiency reduced as the temperature increased, but remained constant in the 20 to 35 ‰ salinity range.
Diversity and distribution of oribatid mites (Acari:Oribatida) in a lowland rain forest in Peru and in several environments of the Brazilians States of Amazonas, Rondônia, Roraima and Pará
Authors: Franklin E. , Santos E. M. R. , Albuquerque M. I. C.
Published: September 2007

We are summarizing the current state of knowledge of the diversity and distribution of oribatid mites in 26 environments in northern Brazil and of a rain forest in Peru. the published studies were mostly concentrated in central amazon. Only one report is a result from an agricultural polyculture. We are providing the first lists of species for savannas and for the brazilian states of Roraima and Pará. up to date, 146 species are definitively identified from a total of 444 taxa with 188 known genera, reinforcing the notion of a rich biodiverse area. the high number of 298 non-described species (morphospecies) clearly shows the inadequacy of the current taxonomic knowledge for the region. most of the registers are from forest environments. in the soil from primary forests, we registered the highest diversity (54-155 species/morphospecies). eighty-nine species were unique to primary forests, followed by 34 for savannas, 32 in trees, 10 in "igapó", 4 in caatinga, 3 in secondary forests, two in "várzea" and one in polyculture. twenty genera were the most speciose. the species with the largest home ranges were Rostrozetes foveolatus, Scheloribates sp. a, and Galumna sp. a. our numbers reflect the lack of taxonomists and show that the taxonomic knowledge must be improved for the region or we will continue to work with taxonomic resolution of order or family and a high percentage of morphospecies, which will probably be appropriate to the question being asked in each study, but not for a comparison among environments.
Histological description of the midgut and the pyloric valve of Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthopetera: Romaleidae)
Authors: Wanderley-Teixeira V. , Teixeira A. A. C. , Cunha F. M. , Costa M. K. C. M. , Veiga A. F. S. L. , Oliveira J. V.
Published: September 2007

The present research describes the histology of the midgut, gastric caeca, and pyloric valve of Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813), (Orthopetera: Romaleidae). We used light microscopy, staining (Gomori's trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)), and a routine histological analysis method (hematoxilin-eosin). The insects were obtained from, and also bred in, the Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Biology, of the Rural Federal University of Pernambuco (UFRPE). The collected material was fixed in alcoholic Boüin and embedded in paraplast. The results demonstrated that the midgut wall is composed of an inner epithelial layer and two outer layers of striate muscles: one internal (circular) and the other external (longitudinal), with connective tissue between the muscle fibers. The epithelium is single-layered, with two cell types: regenerative and elongated columnar. The gastric caeca presents muscle layers similar to those of the midgut. Simple columnar epithelium lines the gastric caeca, which presents villi and projects towards the lumen. The pyloric valve is of striate muscle tissue, covered by a single epithelial-cell layer.
Nesting biology of Centris (Hemisiella) tarsata Smith in southern Brazil (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centridini)
Authors: Buschini M. L. T. , Wolff L. L.
Published: September 2007

A total of 67 nests of Centris tarsata were obtained from wood trap-nests of different diameters, consisting of a linear series of brood cells built with sand mixed with oil. This species showed a preference for open habitats, since it occurred only in Swamp and Grassland areas and has never been found in the Araucaria forest. Nesting activity was bigger during the hot season, especially in December and January. The Sex ratio was of 1.48:1 (females/males), significantly different from 1:1. The females were larger than the males and these showed no dimorphism. Males were produced in the outermost cells and females in the innermost cells. C. tarsata presented a direct development without diapause in larval stage. They overwinter as adults. Development time was similar for males and females. Natural enemies are Bombyliidae Mesocheira bicolor, Coelioxys sp. and Meloidae.
Evaluation of fixative solutions for ultrastructural analysis of brown spider Loxosceles intermedia (araneae: sicariidae) tissues
Authors: Costa-Ayub C. L. S. , Faraco C. D. , Freire C. A.
Published: September 2007

In view of the widely varying compositions of fixative solutions used for studying spiders, five different fixative formulas were tested for fixing male brown-spider (Loxosceles intermedia) gonad tissues. The brown spider represents a public health problem in Curitiba (Paraná State, Brazil). Morphological study of its gonads may aid in understanding the reproductive strategies of this species, and possibly in developing a reproduction control program. The fixatives tested contained glutaraldehyde alone or combined with paraformaldehyde, and the buffers cacodylate or phosphate, with or without the addition of sucrose or sodium chloride as osmolytes. Those containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% paraformaldehyde in 100 mM phosphate buffer with 200 mM sucrose, or in 200 mM sodium cacodylate, satisfactorily preserved mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, and the membranes in general. These formulas were nearly isosmotic (439 mOsm/kg H2O and 455 mOsm/kg H2O respectively) to brown spider hemolymph (478 mOsm/kg H2O). With respective to the fixative agents, a glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde combination resulted in optimal fixation of Loxosceles intermedia cells. For other species of spiders, hemolymph osmolality should be considered, but the fixative formulas cited above would also probably yield good results.
The small-scale urban reservoir fisheries of Lago Paranoá, Brasília, DF, Brazil
Authors: Walter T. , Petrere Jr. M.
Published: September 2007

In many cases in large urban centers, which have appropriate waterbodies, small-scale fisheries are the only source of cheap protein for the poor. In Lago Paranoá, located in Brasília, the capital city of Brazil, fishing was studied by conducting interviews with 53 fishers filling in logbooks from March, 1999 to March, 2000 in three fishing communities. The fishers come from the poorest towns around Brasília, known as satellite-towns. They have been living there on average for 21.7 years (s = 9.6 years), their families have 4.9 members (s = 3.6) on average and 44.2% do not have a basic education. However, such characteristics are similar to the socioeconomic indices of the metropolis where they live. In spite of being illegal between 1966 and 2000, fishing generated an average monthly income of U$ 239.00 (s = U$ 171.77). The Nile Tilapia Oreocrhromis niloticus is the main captured species (85% of a total number of landings in weight of 62.5 t.). Fishing is carried out in rowing boats, individually or in pairs. The fishing equipment used are gillnets and castnets. Gillnets were used actively, whereby the surface of the water is beaten with a stick to drive Tilapias towards nets as they have the ability to swim backwards. This fishing strategy was used in 64.7% of the fisheries, followed by castnets (31.1%) and by gillnets which were used less (4.2%). The fish is sold directly in the streets and fairs of the satellite-towns to middlemen or to bar owners. Three communities have different strategies in terms of fishing equipments, fishing spots and commercialization. Consequently, there are statistically significant differences in relation to the monthly income for each one of these communities.
Food partitioning between breeding White-tailed Kites (Elanus leucurus; Aves; Accipitridae) and Barn Owls (Tyto alba; Aves; Tytonidae) in southern Brazil
Authors: Scheibler DR.
Published: September 2007

I examined the diet of breeding White-tailed Kites (Elanus leucurus; Aves; Accipitridae) and Barn Owls (Tyto alba; Aves; Tytonidae) in an agrarian area of southern Brazil by analyzing regurgitated prey remains. The objective was to evaluate how these raptors, which differ markedly in their hunting activity periods (owls are nocturnal and kites diurnal), share their mammalian food component. 2,087 prey consumed by Barn Owls and 1,276 by White-tailed Kites were identified. They presented a high overlap of food-niches (Pianka’s index was 0.98). Based on the daily activity period of their main small mammal prey, a lower overlap would be expected. The crepuscular/nocturnal Mus musculus was the main prey for the diet of breeding Barn Owls (81%) and White-tailed Kites (63%). This small exotic rodent provided 63% of the small mammal biomass ingested by owls and 44% by kites. Larger native small mammals were also considered important for the diet of kites, mainly because of their biomass contribution. Although these raptors differ markedly in their hunting activity periods, Barn Owls and White-tailed Kites are very similar predators in southern Brazil, overlapping their diets.
Effect of zinc and benzene on respiration and excretion of mussel larvae (Perna perna) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mollusca; Bivalvia)
Authors: Jorge RADLVC. , Lemos D. , Moreira GS.
Published: September 2007

The presence of pollutants in the ocean may affect different physiological parameters of animals. Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion were evaluated in D-shaped larvae of mussels (Perna perna) exposed to zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and benzene (C6H6). When compared to the control group, both pollutants presented a significant reduction in oxygen consumption. A reduction in the ammonia excretion was also observed, both for ZnSO4 and C6H6 and also in the oxygen consumption. The results indicate that anaerobic metabolism may occur at the beginning of P. perna mussels development, as observed in veliger larvae. The O:N ratio under experimental conditions showed low values indicating that catabolism in veliger larvae was predominantly proteic.
Diet of Physalaemus cf. cicada (Leptodactylidae) and Bufo granulosus (Bufonidae) in a semideciduous forest
Authors: Santana AS. , Juncá FA.
Published: September 2007

We determined the diet of the two most abundant anuran species which occur in the litter of a semideciduous forest (Lençóis, Bahia, Brazil), Physalaemus cf. cicada and Bufo granulosus in the dry and rainy seasons. Pitfall traps were used to collect anuran and invertebrate fauna, which showed the availability of prey in the environment. Physalaemus cf. cicada was present in both seasons and Bufo granulosus only in the rainy season. Both species fed mainly on Isoptera and Formicidae. However, there is a difference between the rainy and dry seasons concerning the diet of P. cf. cicada. During the rainy season P. cf. cicada consumed less Isoptera and more Formicidae than in the dry season. In the volumetric sense, Orthoptera was the most important alimentary category for P. cf. cicada and B. granulosus. The Jacobs’ electivity index indicated that Physalaemus cf. cicada and Bufo granulosus were specialists in Isoptera.
Composition and intra-annual variation of the macroinfauna in the estuarine zone of the Pando Stream (Uruguay)
Authors: Passadore C. , Giménez L. , Acuña A.
Published: September 2007

We studied the temporal patterns of macroinfaunal distribution in the estuarine portion of Pando Stream, Uruguay. We found a very low number of species and a high dominance of the polychaete Heteromastus similis. There were clear seasonal patterns in abundance with almost all species peaking in autumn, coinciding with the periods of higher salinity. Minimal values were found in winter and spring when salinity was at a minimum. We suggest that the seasonal pattern is a consequence of the combined effects of recruitment, and of high osmotic stress and disturbance during the periods of freshwater discharge that are common in winter and spring.
Spatial distribution and secondary production of Copepoda in a tropical reservoir: Barra Bonita, SP, Brazil
Authors: Santos-Wisniewski MJ. , Rocha O.
Published: September 2007

The present paper aims to describe the spatial distribution of zooplankton copepods, their biomass and instantaneous secondary production, in Barra Bonita, a large eutrophic, polymitic reservoir (22° 29' S and 48° 34' W) on the Tietê River, of the Paraná basin. Sampling was carried out during two seasons: dry winter and rainy summer. Species composition, age structure and numerical density of each copepod species population were analyzed at 25 sampling stations. Secondary production was calculated for Copepoda, the dominant group in zooplankton communities, taking Calanoida and Cyclopoida separately. Copepoda represented the largest portion of the total zooplankton biomass, the dominant species being Notodiaptomus iheringi among the Calanoida and Mesocyclops ogunnus and Thermocyclops decipiens among the Cyclopoida. The production of Copepoda was higher during the rainy summer (23.61 mgDW.m-3.d-1 in January 1995) than during the dry winter season (14 mgDW.m-3.d-1 in August 1995), following the general pattern of abundance for the whole zooplankton community. Among the copepods, Cyclopoida production was higher than that of Calanoida, a pattern commonly observed for tropical lakes and reservoirs. Barra Bonita copepods are very productive, but there was a great degree of spatial heterogeneity, related to the physical and chemical conditions, particularly the level of nutrients and also to phytoplankton biomass.
Feeding ecology of the Green-cheeked parakeet (Pyrrhura molinae) in dry forests in western Brazil
Authors: Ragusa-Netto J.
Published: September 2007

The genus Pyrrhura includes small to medium-sized parakeets, which inhabit both low and dry alongside tall rainforests, mainly in South America. Pyrrhura molinae is still common, year round, in the markedly seasonal forests of western Brazil. This parakeet, as well as most Neotropical parrots, continues to be poorly understood. Hence, in the present study I examined their foraging ecology both in a highly deciduous and in a semi-deciduous forest in western Brazil. In addition, I assessed the relationship between food resource production (flowers and fruits), and the diet of this parakeet. Pyrrhura molinae exhibited a flexible diet consisting of 16 tree species, from which it consumed flowers (three species), seeds (three species), fruit pulp or aril (four species), and both pulp and seeds (six species). Parakeets consumed a wide array of fleshy fruits in the semi-deciduous forest, especially Cecropia pachystachya catkins. Conversely, in the highly deciduous forest they extensively foraged for figs (70% of the diet), in addition to nectar and seeds from dry fruits. Ficus calyptroceras, besides being abundant, bore fruits year round, and was substantially used by parakeets every month. Potentially, by exploiting a diverse set of plant food resources, and particularly due to the substantial use of figs, asynchronously produced, Pyrrhura molinae persists during the long dry season in the markedly seasonal forests of western Brazil.
Reproduction of Blue-black Grassquits in central Brazil
Authors: Carvalho CBV. , Macedo RHF. , Graves JA.
Published: September 2007

During the reproductive season Blue-black grassquit (Volatinia jacarina) males are found in clusters, wherein they exhibit a distinctive display that consists of repeated, vertical leaps while simultaneously producing a brief vocalization. The main objective of this study was to describe details of the species' reproductive behavior in a "Cerrado" area of central Brazil and compare these data with some studies carried out in other areas. The data obtained concerning different aspects of nesting, laying and hatching were generally similar to those obtained in previous studies in other areas. However, we found that the typical clutch size of two eggs per nest is lower, and egg and nestling mortality rates higher in our area than what has been reported elsewhere. Our results suggest that males differ in time expended with different activities according to their reproductive condition and also provide extensive parental care. We found that display execution rates peak in the early morning and in the late afternoon and are higher in the middle of the breeding season. We also found that there is an inverse relation between the height of the display leap and the height of the perch.
Reproduction of a fish assemblage in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Gomiero LM. , Braga FMS.
Published: September 2007

Fish reproductions were studied in two river basins (Corumbataí and Jacaré-Pepira basins) in the State of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. In the Corumbataí basin, four sites were sampled: Cabeça River, Lapa Stream, Passa-Cinco River, and Corumbataí River; in the Jacaré-Pepira basin, three sites were sampled: Tamanduá Stream, Jacaré-Pepira River, and Água Branca Stream. A total of 12 bimonthly samples were made. Fish equipment included gill nets, purse seines, sieves, and traps. The main objective of this study was to characterize the fish assemblage regarding their reproductive biology and to compare these reproductive traits between both river basins. Most individuals with gonads in stage C (mature) and in stage D (empty gonads) were captured in the spring and summer. Multiple spawn and parental care were common strategies, which guaranteed offspring survivorship in unstable conditions.
The Brachyura and Anomura fauna (Decapoda; Crustacea) in the Arvoredo Marine Biological Reserve on the southern brazilian coast
Authors: Bouzon JL. , Freire AS.
Published: September 2007

Eight species of Brachyura and two species of Anomura were registered for the first time on the Santa Catarina coast, in the waters around the Arvoredo Marine Biological Reserve. The animals were collected by scuba divers, between 3 and 22 meters depth, from September 2001 to February 2003. A total of 31 decapod species were collected, and most of the new occurrences had already been registered in the adjacent northern waters.
The defensive strike of five species of lanceheads of the genus Bothrops (Viperidae)
Authors: Araújo MS. , Martins M.
Published: September 2007

We studied the defensive strike of one species of each of five recognized lineages within the genus Bothrops, namely, B. alternatus, B. jararaca, B. jararacussu, B. moojeni and B. pauloensis. The defensive strike of the studied species was in general similar to that of Crotalus viridis and C. atrox, but some important differences were observed. Bothrops alternatus and B. pauloensis struck preferentially from a tight body posture, whereas B. jararaca and B. moojeni from a loose body posture. Defensive strikes were either true or false (during the latter, the mouth remains closed or partially open). Almost all strikes were successful; only on a few occasions snakes missed their target (flawed strikes). Strike variables were very conservative among the five species, especially strike distance and height, and one possible explanation may be related to constraints imposed on strike variables as a way of increasing strike accuracy.
Sex ratio and dynamic behavior in populations of the exotic blowfly Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera, Calliphoridae)
Authors: Serra H. , Godoy WAC. , Von Zuben FJ. , Von Zuben CJ. , Reis SF.
Published: September 2007

Sex ratio is an essential component of life history to be considered in population growth. Chrysomya albiceps is a blowfly species with a naturally biased sex ratio. In this study, we evaluated the impact of changes in sex ratio on the dynamic behavior of C. albiceps using a density-dependent mathematical model that incorporated demographic parameters such as survival and fecundity. These parameters were obtained by exponential regression, with survival and fecundity being estimated experimentally as a function of larval density. Bifurcation diagram of the results indicated the evolution of stable equilibrium points as a function of sex ratio. A continually increasing sex ratio yielded a hierarchy of bifurcating stable equilibrium points that evolved into a chaotic regime. The demographic parameters obtained by exponential regression were also changed to maximum and minimum values in order to analyze their influence on dynamic behavior with sex ratio being considered as an independent variable. Bifurcations with periodicity windows between chaos regimes were also found.
Relationships among growth and different NOR phenotypes in a specific stock of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Porto-Foresti F. , Oliveira C. , Tabata YA. , Rigolino MG. , Foresti F.
Published: September 2007

Growth is one of the most important aspects in the genetic improvement of cultured fish species. Consequently, genetic parameters related to this feature and their response to selection have been the focus of most research in this area. Such research indicates that, in general, there is enough additive genetic variance related to growth, justifying the use of selection. Based on the usefulness of cytogenetic and molecular markers in the fish culture, the aim of the present work was to analyze the possible relationships among cytogenetic characteristics, specifically the NOR phenotypes, and the increase in length and weight in specimens of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), resultant from directed mating between homozygous females and heterozygous males according to their NOR phenotypic patterns. The equations of the relationship between length and weight of the analyzed specimens followed the model Wt = a Lt b, showing b values higher than 3, determinant of a positive allometric growth. The results showed that the different NOR phenotypes were not related with the growth values for length and weight in any statistical test.
Morphometric study of Rynchotus rufescens testis throughout the year
Authors: Baraldi-Artoni SM. , Bottino F. , Oliveira D. , Franzo V. Sobue , Amoroso L. , Orsi AM. , Cruz C.
Published: September 2007

The research aimed to study the morphologic variation of the testis, seeking to promote the selection and genetic control of those that present appreciable spermatic production throughout the year. Testis morphology of the Rynchotus rufescens partridge was investigated, analyzing the testis weight, the seminiferous tubules diameter, the thickness of the seminiferous epithelium, the amount of meiotic figures and the thickness of the tunica albuginea. Sixty male partridges were used, divided in 12 groups, and one group per month had the testis collected for the histological routine and the sections were stained using the Hematoxilin-Eosin technique. For the histological sections analysis, morphometric measures were taken, with the aid of an Image Analyzer and the resulting data were submitted to analysis of variance and to Tukey's test. Based on the histological modifications of the seminiferous epithelium and the morphometric analysis, the partridge testis morphology could be divided in four successive phases throughout the year. The reproductive phase occurred in the spring, characterized by the complete spermatogenesis process. The regression phase occurred in the summer, with the involution of the seminiferous epithelium. The rest phase took place in the fall, with spermatogonias presence and some spermatocytes beginning the meiosis. The phase of recrudescence occurred in the winter, with the recovery of the seminiferous epithelium and absence of spermatozoa. In conclusion, the characteristics analyzed revealed a variation over the year, with greater production of spermatozoa in the spring and less in the winter.
Nocturnal plasma levels of melatonin in quails (Coturnix japonica) injected with l-5-hydroxy-tryptophan
Authors: Reis LC. , Almeida AC. , Ribeiro MC. , Polo PA. , Olivares EL. , Medeiros MA. , Nonaka KO. , Castilhos LR.
Published: September 2007

This study aimed to demonstrate the influence of the systemic administration of l-5-hydroxy-tryptophan (L-HTP) on the plasma levels of melatonin during the dark period in quails. Throughout daylight, the plasma levels of melatonin did not differ significantly, oscillating between 110.2 ± 15.8 pg.mL-1 and 157.4 ± 34.8 pg.mL-1, from 8 to 16 hours. L-HTP (25 mg.kg-1, through the intracelomic route) administered at 18 hours lessened significantly the nocturnal increase of the plasma levels of melatonin (controls, 327.3 ± 20.1 and 315.8 ± 20.9 pg.mL-1 vs. 242.1 ± 24.8 and 217.5 ± 21 pg.mL-1, respectively, at 20 and 24 hours, P < 0.05). The results obtained showed that the administration of LHTP reduced the nocturnal melatonin release, possibly by bringing about an increase in serotonin synthesis and synaptic release in the pineal. Therefore, the serotoninergic transmission from the raphe towards the pineal would constitute a mechanism of modulation of the synthesis and melatonin release in quails.
Contribuição ao conhecimento de Nyctiborinae (Blattellidae) do Brasil, com a descrição de novos táxons
Authors: Lopes Sonia Maria , Oliveira Edivar Heeren de
Published: September 2007

Neste trabalho descreve-se um novo gênero (Eushelfordiella) com uma espécie nova (Eushelfordiella paraense), designada como espécie-tipo, do Estado do Pará, Brasil. Uma nova combinação é proposta, com a transferência de Paratropes amazonensis Rocha e Silva-Albuquerque (1957) para o gênero Eushelfordia Hebard, 1926.
Revisão das duas espécies de Tapacura Tibana & Lopes, 1985 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaginae)
Authors: Mello-Patiu Cátia Antunes de , Souza Neto Américo da Silva Pereira de
Published: September 2007

Esta revisão apresenta um estudo da morfologia externa das espécies de Tapacura Tibana & Lopes 1985, especialmente da terminália masculina. Tapacura inclui atualmente duas espécies: T. mariarum Tibana & Lopes, 1985 e T. mexicana Lopes, 1988, que foram relacionados a Peckiamyia Dodge, Retrocitomyia Lopes e a Sinopiella Lopes & Tibana na descrição original. São apresentadas redescrições, ilustrações e uma diagnose genérica mais ampla. Uma comparação entre as espécies de Tapacura e aquelas dos gêneros relacionados tem mostrado que Tapacura é mais similar morfologicamente a Peckiamyia, especialmente porque ambos têm o 3º setor costal da asa com pequenas cerdas ventrais, o fêmur médio do macho sem ctenídio e o edeago muito reduzido e pigmentado.
First occurrence of Dolicholagus longirostris larvae (Maul 1948) (Osmeriformes, Bathylagidae) near the mouth of the Amazon River
Authors: Campos Paula Nepomuceno , Paiva Rosildo Santos , Bonecker Ana Cristina Teixeira , Melo Nuno Filipe Alves Correia de , Palheta Glauber David Almeida , Contente Cristiane Teixeira , Ramos Caio Aguiar Rodrigues
Published: September 2007

The family Bathylagidae contains eight genera and 22 species, of which only five occur in the Southwest Atlantic. Until recently, only adult specimens of the bathylaginin Melanolagus bericoides had been recorded off southern Brazil, between the Santa Marta Cape and Rio Grande (31° S and 49° W). The present work reports the first occurrence of Dolicholagus longirostris larvae on the northern Brazilian coast, expanding its distribution in the Southwest Atlantic. The two specimens found were collected near the mouth of the Amazon River (02° 00' 19" N, 47° 03' 30" W, and 00° 49' 06" N, 46° 25' 09" W).