bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic efficacy of Schistosoma japonicum cystatin on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy in a mouse model
Authors: Gao Shifang , Li Huihui , Xie Hong , Wu Shili , Yuan Yuan , Chu Liang , Sun Siying , Yang Huijuan , Wu Lingqin , Bai Yongsheng , Zhou Qiao , Wang Xin , Zhan Bin , Cui Hu , Yang Xiaodi
Published: December 2019

BackgroundMyocardial dysfunction is one of the most common complications of multiple organ failure in septic shock and significantly increases mortality in patients with sepsis. In spite of many studies have confirmed that helminth-derived proteins have strong immunomodulatory functions and could be used to treat inflammatory diseases, there is no report on the therapeutic effect of Schistosoma japonicum-produced cystatin (Sj-Cys) on the sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. MethodsA model of sepsis-induced myocardial injury was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mouse. Upon CLP operation, each mouse was intraperitoneally treated with 10 µg of recombinant Sj-Cys (rSj-Cys). Twelve hours after CLP operation, the systolic and diastolic functions of left ventricular were examined by echocardiography. The levels of myoglobin (Mb), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in sera and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in cardiac tissues were examined as biomarkers for heart injury. The heart tissue was collected for checking pathological changes and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. To address the signaling pathway involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of rSj-Cys, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) was determined by Western blot in heart tissue of mice with sepsis and LPS-stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocyte cells. In addition, the therapeutic effects of rSj-Cys on LPS-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis were also detected in H9C2 cells. The pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β were measured in sera and their mRNA levels in heart tissue of rSj-Cys-treated mice. ResultsAfter being treated with rSj-Cys, the sepsis-induced heart malfunction was largely improved. The inflammation and injury of heart tissue were also significantly alleviated characterized by significantly decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells in cardiac tissues and fiber swelling, reduced levels of Mb, cTnI and NT-proBNP in sera and MPO activity in heart tissue. The therapeutic efficacy of rSj-Cys is associated with down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and up-regulated regulatory inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β), possibly through inhibiting LPS-TLR4- MyD88 signal pathway. ConclusionsRecombinant Sj-Cys significantly reduced sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy and could be considered as be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of sepsis associated cardiac dysfunction.
Healthcare Expenditures Associated with Comorbid Anxiety and Depression among Adults with Migraine
Authors: Alwhaibi Monira , Meraya Abdulkarim M. , AlRuthia Yazed
Published: December 2019

Objective. To examine direct healthcare expenditures among adults with migraine alone or with comorbid anxiety and/or depression. Methods. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using the 2012, 2014, and 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data. Adult patients aged ≥22 years with migraine headache were included in the study. The direct healthcare expenditures of four migraine groups (migraine alone, migraine and anxiety, migraine and depression, migraine and both conditions) were compared. Results. There were 1,556 patients met the inclusion criteria and were eventually enrolled in the study. Approximately, 50% of the study sample had migraine with comorbid depression and/or anxiety (16.1% have depression, 12.3% have anxiety disorder, and 13.9% have both). The mean total healthcare expenditures of adults with migraine alone ($6,461) were significantly lower than those with comorbid depression and anxiety ($11,102), comorbid anxiety ($10,817), and comorbid depression ($14,577). Migraine with comorbid anxiety and depression was significantly associated with incremental costs of $1,027 in outpatient’s and $662 emergency room healthcare expenditures, compared to the migraine alone group after controlling for a multitude of covariates. Besides, migraine with comorbid anxiety and/or depression was significantly associated with incremental costs of prescription drug, compared to the migraine alone group. Conclusions. The healthcare expenditures associated with migraine with comorbid depression and/or anxiety are significantly higher than those without mental health comorbidities. Therefore, regular depression and anxiety screening for patients with migraine may help in reducing the healthcare expenditures associated with depression and/or anxiety comorbidities as well as in improving the quality of care.
Echocardiographic signs of subclinical cardiac function impairment in Duchenne dystrophy gene carriers
Authors: Kincl Vladimír , Panovský Roman , Pešl Martin , Máchal Jan , Juříková Lenka , Haberlová Jana , Masárová Lucia
Published: December 2019

Aim To assess subclinical cardiac function impairment in Duchenne dystrophy (DMD) female carriersMethods Forty-four female subjects proved as DMD carriers underwent echocardiographic examination including tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of mitral and tricuspid annulus. Seventeen age-matched healthy female subjects served as controls.Results A significant differences in peak systolic annular velocity (Sa) between carriers and controls were found for lateral and septal part of the mitral annulus and for tricuspid annulus (0.09 vs 0.11 m/s, p<0.001, 0.08 vs 0.09 m/s, p<0.01 and 0.13 vs 0.14 m/s, p=0.02 respectively). There was also difference in early diastolic velocity (Ea) of the septal part of the mitral annulus (0.11 vs 0.13 m/s, p=0.03).Conclusion The subclinical deterioration of systolic function is presented even in asymptomatic DMD female carriers.
DiCoExpress: a workspace to process multifactorial RNAseq experiments from quality controls to co-expression analysis through differential analysis based on contrasts inside GLM models.
Authors: Lambert Ilana , Roux Christine Paysant-Le , Colella Stefano , Martin-Magniette Marie-Laure
Published: December 2019

Background RNAseq is nowadays the method of choice for transcriptome analysis. In the last decades, a high number of statistical methods, and associated bioinformatics tools, for RNAseq analysis were developed. More recently, statistical studies realized neutral comparison studies using benchmark datasets, shedding light on the most appropriate approaches for RNAseq data analysis. Nevertheless, performing an RNAseq analysis remains a challenge for the biologists. Results DiCoExpress is a workspace implemented in R that includes methods chosen based on their performance in neutral comparisons studies. DiCoExpress uses the pre-existing R packages as well as FactoMineR, edgeR and coseq, to perform quality control, differential, and co-expression analysis of RNAseq data. Users can perform the full analysis, providing a mapped read expression data file and a file containing the information on the experimental design. Following the quality control step, the user can move on to the differential expression analysis performed using generalized linear models with no effort thanks to the automated contrast writing function. DiCoExpress proposes a list of comparisons based on the experimental design, and the user needs only to choose the one(s) of interest for his research question. A co-expression analysis is implemented using the coseq package. Identified co-expression clusters are automatically analyzed for enrichment of annotations provided by the user, and several result outputs proposed. We used DiCoExpress to analyze a publicly available Bra ssica napus L. RNAseq dataset on the transcriptional response to silicon treatment in plant roots and mature leaves. This dataset, including two biological factors and three replicates for each condition, allowed us to demonstrate in a tutorial all the features of DiCoExpress. Conclusions DiCoExpress is an R workspace to allow users without advanced statistical knowledge and programming skills to perform a full RNAseq analysis from quality controls to co-expression analysis through differential analysis based on contrasts inside generalized linear models . Hence, with DiCoExpress, the user can focus on the statistical modeling of gene expression according to the experimental design and on the interpretation of the results of such analysis in biological terms.
Could upfront temozolomide chemotherapy postpone the intervene of radiotherapy in young patients with high-risk low-grade gliomas?
Authors: Li Zeyang , Yuan Shiwen , Chen Hong , Zhuang Dongxiao , Lu Junfeng , Gong Fangyuan , Aibaidula Abudumijit , Shi Zhifeng , Wu Shuai , Guo Qihao , Song Yanyan , Wu Jinsong
Published: December 2019

BackgroundLow-grade gliomas that involves eloquent areas are difficult to be removed totally. Standard strategies for these young patients are radiotherapy and chemotherapy after maximum safe resection. Radiotherapy always brings cognitive impairments. We wonder whether temozolomide chemotherapy can postpone the intervene of radiotherapy to protect cognitive function.MethodsPatients underwent temozolomide chemotherapy (75mg/m2/day for 21 days per 28-day for 6 cycles) and were followed up by MRI and cognitive function evaluation. Primary endpoints are objective response rate (ORR), and secondary endpoints are intensity of response (IOR), duration of response (DOR), cognitive function results and the safety of chemotherapy.Results65 patients were recruited with a median follow-up of 39.6 months, and ORR was 37/65(56.92%). IDH mutant patients had better ORR than IDH wildtype patients (64.29% vs 11.11%, p=0.004), and IOR of IDH mutant tumors was more obvious (p=0.023). IDH-mutant group had longer DOR than IDH-wildtype group (median DOR, 52.4 vs 25.8 months; log-rank p=0.0007; HR, 4.269; 95%CI, 3.411 - 47.35), and 1p/19q codeletion group had a longer DOR than 1p/19q retain group (median DOR, 52.4 vs 37.5 months; log-rank p=0.049; HR, 2.369; 95%CI, 1.012 - 5.397). Cognitive function results showed improvement in cognitive function at early stage compared with radiotherapy.ConclusionIDH mutation was a predictive factor for better temozolomide response. Cognitive function evaluation proved that temozolomide chemotherapy could avoid cognitive impairments at early stage. We propose that young patients with IDH mutation can use upfront chemotherapy to postpone radiotherapy until progression to avoid potential cognitive impairments.
Effect Of 30-Day Administration Of Cellgevity® Supplement On Selected Rat Liver Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Activity And Supplement Interaction With Carbamazepine
Authors: Amponsah Seth Kwabena , Nguessan Benoit Banga , Akandawen Martin , Aning Abigail , Agboli Sedem Yawa , Danso Eunice Ampem , Opuni Kwabena Frimpong-Manso , Asiedu-Gyekye Isaac Julius , Appiah-Opong Regina
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThere is considerable evidence that many patients concurrently take dietary supplements with conventional drugs, with a risk of potential drug-supplement interaction. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Cellgevity® supplement on selected rat liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and on the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine.MethodsSprague-Dawley (SD) rats were put into 5 groups and modulation of CYP enzyme activity by Cellgevity® was determined by comparing the enzyme activity of Cellgevity-treated groups with the negative control group after 30 days of treatment. For the effect of Cellgevity® on the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine, 12 SD rats were put into 2 groups; one group received an oral administration of carbamazepine plus Cellgevity®, and the other carbamazepine plus normal saline. Blood samples were collected at specific time points and analyzed for levels of carbamazepine. ResultsActivities of CYP1A1/2, CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 were significantly increased by Cellgevity®. The pharmacokinetic parameters for rats administered carbamazepine with Cellgevity® vis-a-vis carbamazepine with normal saline were changed as follows: Cmax; 20 μmol/L vs 11 μmol/L, AUC0→24; 347 μmol.h/L vs 170 μmol.h/L, Ke; 0.28 h-1 vs 0.41 h-1, and t1/2; 2.3 h vs 1.7 h, respectively.ConclusionsCellgevity® increased the activity of rat CYP1A1/2, CYP2C9 and CYP2D6, and also altered the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine in rats.
Patient and Public Involvement in doctoral research: Reflections and experiences of the PPI contributors and researcher
Authors: Dawson Shoba , Ruddock Angela , Parmar Veena , Morris Rebecca , Cheraghi-sohi Sudeh , Giles Sally , Campbell Stephen
Published: December 2019

Background Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) has received considerable attention in the last two decades and working in partnership and co-design have now become a prerequisite in health services research in the UK. However, there is a lack of evidence and consistency in recording PPI and related activities. Researchers and PPI contributors are encouraged to record and reflect on the impact of PPI on research. There is significant variation in the way PPI contributors are involved, and it is often limited to some stages of the research cycle than others, without any reflections on the decision-making process for such involvement or any transferable learning. This paper aims to highlight how PPI was embedded in a doctoral research project, the PPI contributors and researcher’s reflections and key recommendations for involving people in doctoral research specifically, but also health services research generally.Methods A reflective approach was taken using data from PPI contributor and researcher notes, e-mail correspondence, meeting notes. Data is presented narratively to reflect on the experiences of involvement throughout the research cycle.Results Undertaking PPI enhanced the quality and relevance of the doctoral research, contributed to the recruitment of study participants, data analysis and dissemination. Building trust and relationships with PPI contributors was key to continued involvement throughout the life of the project and beyond. There is a need to adopt flexible approaches rather than a one-size-fits-all model when working with PPI contributors. Reflections by PPI contributors and the researcher emphasises that involvement was a rewarding experience.Conclusions This paper contributes to the wider literature by providing an exemplar of how PPI can be embedded in doctoral research and demonstrates the value of PPI to the research process and the individuals involved. We also present recommendations on how PPI can be incorporated by doctoral and postdoctoral researchers when planning PPI in their research project.
Multiplex PCR for simultaneous genotyping of kdr mutations V410L, V1,016I and F1,534C in Aedes aegypti (L.)
Authors: Villanueva-Segura Karina , Ponce-Garcia Gustavo , Lopez-Monroy Beatriz , Mora-Jasso Esteban de J. , Perales Lucia , Gonzalez-Santillan Francisco J. , Ontiveros-Zapata Kevin , Davila-Barboza Jesus A. , Flores Adriana E
Published: December 2019

BackgroundKnock down resistance (kdr) is the main mechanism that confers resistance to pyrethroids and DDT. This is a product of nonsynonymous mutations in the he voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene, these mutations produce a change of a single amino acid which reduces the affinity of the target site for the insecticide molecule. In Mexico, V410L, V1,016I and F1,534C mutations are common in pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti (L.) populations.MethodsA multiplex PCR was developed to detect the V410L, V1,016I and F1,534C mutations in Ae. aegypti. The validation of the technique was carried out using wild populations previously characterized for the three mutations through allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) and with different levels of genotypic frequencies.ResultsThe standardized protocol for multiplex endpoint PCR was highly effective in detecting 12 genotypes in five wild Ae. aegypti populations from Mexico. A complete concordance with AS-PCR was found for the simultaneous detection of the three kdr mutations.Conclusions﻿Our diagnostic method is highly effective for the simultaneous detection of V410L, V1,016I and F1,534C, when they co-occur. This technique represents a viable alternative to complement and strengthen current monitoring and resistance management strategies against Ae. aegypti.
Identification of Cryptosporidium species, Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes, and Giardia duodenalis assemblages in birds in Henan, China
Authors: Dong Haiju , Cheng Ru , Li Xinmiao , Li Junqiang , Chen Yuancai , Ban Chaoping , Zhang Xiangqian , Liu Fang , Zhang Longxian
Published: December 2019

BackgroundDomesticated, wild, and migratory birds have been known to transmit diseases such as diarrhea in humans and other animals, but studies specifically on the zoonotic pathogens Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Giardia duodenalis in birds in Henan Province, China are lacking. Hence, this study sought to characterize the prevalence of these pathogens, and to identify the different species of Cryptosporidium and their phylogenetic relationships, the genotypes of E. bieneusi, and the assemblages of G. duodenalis, in birds in the province. MethodsFresh fecal samples were collected from birds in parks and pet shops in Henan, China and were screened for the presence of the pathogens using nest-PCR amplification of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene. ResultsA total of 1,005 fecal samples were collected from 32 species of birds. 21 fecal samples (2.09%) were found positive for Cryptosporidium spp., 45 (4.48%) for E. bieneusi, and 33 (3.28%) for G. duodenalis. This study identified five Cryptosporidium species: C. baileyi (10 out of 21 fecal samples, 47.62%) in crested myna (Acridotheres cristatellus), Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora), Chinese hwamei (Garrulax canorus), common quail (Coturnix coturnix), and Chinese grosbeak (Eophona migratoria); C. galli (5/21, 23.81%) in Chinese blackbird (Turdus mandarinus), zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), and white-eyes (Zosterops sp.); C. andersoni (1/21, 4.76%) in a white-eye for the first time; C. meleagridis (4/21, 19.05%) in parrots and crested myna; and C. parvum (1/21, 4.76%) in a pigeon. Two E. bieneusi genotypes: Peru6 and PtEb I were found in pigeons and European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur). The G. duodenalis assemblage E was detected in parrots, common hill myna, crested myna, Java sparrow, white-eyes, black-throated laughingthrush, and other birds. ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the aforementioned species of birds in Henan, China could be a source of zoonotic pathogens, such as C. meleagridis, C. andersoni, C. parvum, E. bieneusi genotype Peru6, and G. duodenalis assemblage E, that cause diseases in humans.
Development of Sarcophaga dux (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) at constant temperatures and differential gene expression for age estimation of intrapuparial
Authors: Zhang Xiangyan , Li Yi , Shang Yanjie , Ren Lipin , Chen Wei , Wang Shiwen , Guo Yadong
Published: December 2019

BackgroundSarcophaga dux (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is a necrophagous flesh fly with potential forensic value in estimating minimum postmortem interval (PMImin). The basic developmental data and precise intrapuparial age estimates are significant for PMImin estimationof application entomological data in legal medicine.MethodsThe development parameters of S. dux at seven constant temperatures from 16°C to 34°C were investigated by rearing using pig lung in the artificial climate box. The appropriate reference genes and intrapuparial differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of S. dux at constant temperatures 34, 25 and 16°C were selected and analyzed using RT-qPCR for more precisely age estimations. ResultsThe developmental durations of S. dux at 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31 and 34°C from larviposition to adult eclosion were 1478.6±18.3, 726.1±15.8, 538.5±0.9, 394.1±9.5, 375.6±10.8, 284.1±7.3, and 252.5±6.1 h, respectively. The thermal summation constant of S. dux was 5341.71±249.29 degree hours, and the developmental threshold temperature was 12.266±0.35°C. The most reliable reference genes under intrapuparial and different temperature in our study were: GST1 and 18S rRNA for 34°C group, GST1 and RPL49 for 25 °C group, and 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA for 16 °C group，the four differential expression genes (Hsp60, A-alpha, ARP, RPL8) can be used to more precisely intrapuparial age estimation of S. dux. ConclusionsThe basic developmental data of S. dux at constant temperatures, such as body length changing of the larva period, accumulated degree hours and duration of development, to establish developmental models that can be used to estimate the PMImin. The selection and evaluation of appropriate reference genes at different experimental conditions are primary with RT-qPCR. The differentially expressed gene can contribute to more accuracy age estimations of S. dux intrapuparial. The result from this study can make contributes to the use of S.dux for estimating PMImin.
Hypercapnia promotes microglial pyroptosis via inhibiting mitophagy: implication in neuroinflammation in hypoxemic adult rats
Authors: Ding Hong-Guang , Li Xu-Sheng , Liu Xin-Qiang , Wang Kang-Rong , Li Ya , Wen Miao-Yun , Zeng Hong-Ke
Published: December 2019

Background: Hypoxemia is a typical symptom of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Ventilations are always needed for correcting hypoxemia. To avoid pulmonary morbidity, low tidal volume ventilation is often applied. The ventilation strategy will certainly result in hypercapnia. Our previous study found that hypercapnia could induce IL-1β overproduction in hypoxia-activated microglia. However, the underlying mechanism has remained unclear. This study aimed to explore whether hypercapnia would promote microglial pyroptosis via inhibiting mitophagy in adult rats with hypoxemia. Methods: Cerebral oxygen extraction ratio (CERO2), partial pressure of brain tissue oxygen (PbtO2), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in brain tissue in a rat model of hypercapnia/hypoxemia were evaluated. Along with this, the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ROS production of BV-2 microglial cells were evaluated after 15% CO2/0.2% O2 treatment. Mitophagy was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The protein expression level of LC3-II/I, p62, caspase-1, gasdermin D-N domains (GSDMD-N), IL-1β and IL-18 in microglial cells were detected before and after application of a ROS scavenger in vivo and in vitro. Results: PbtO2 level was elevated by hypercapnia in the hypoxemic rats in the first 1.5 h, but it was significantly decreased 2 h after ventilation. This was further evident by the increased levels of CERO2 at 3 h after ventilation. Besides, a high concentration of CO2 treatment could increase the levels of OCR in hypoxic BV-2 microglial cells in vitro. Expression levels of LC3-II were reduced, while those of p62 were increased by hypercapnia in the hypoxic hippocampus and BV-2 microglia. Autophagosomes could be seen in hypoxia treated microglial cells under TEM, while those were rarely observed in hypercapnia + hypoxia treated microglia. Hypercapnia markedly increased the production of ROS and the expression of caspase-1, GSDMD-N, IL-1β, and IL-18 in hypoxia-activated microglia both in vivo and in vitro. Pharmacological scavenging ROS inhibited microglial pyroptosis and expression of IL-1β and IL-18.Conclusion: Hypercapnia-induced mitophagy inhibition may promote pyroptosis and enhance IL-1β and IL-18 release in hypoxia-activated microglia.
Effect of Electro-acupuncture (EA) and Manual Acupuncture (MA) on Markers of Inflammation in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Shi Guang-Xia , Wang Tian-Qi , Yang Jing-Wen , Tu Jian-Feng , Wang Li-Qiong , Lin Lu-Lu , Wang Yu , Li Yong-Ting , Liu Cun-Zhi
Published: December 2019

Background Inflammation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Although both Electro-acupuncture (EA) and Manual Acupuncture (MA) are known to influence systemic inflammation, little is known about the potential changes in inflammation as a working mechanism of EA and MA in KOA.Methods Data from the Acupuncture for Knee Osteoarthritis Trial (ATKOA) were used. Serum concentrations of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-4, IL-10,IL-13,IL-15, IL-17, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), CC­chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), and cartilage degradation biomarkers (matrix metalloproteinase-1 MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13 and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein COMP) were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment. Clinical outcomes were valid and reliable self-reported pain and function measures for osteoarthritis using the Western Ontario and McMasters osteoarthritis index questionnaire (WOMAC) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at baseline and post-treatment.Results Both 8-weeks EA and MA significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β) and cartilage degradation biomarkers (MMP-3, MMP-13), significantly increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13 compared with pre-treatment (p<0.05). Further, the reduction of TNF-α were more significant in EA when compared to MA (p=0.046). While, there was no significant difference between groups in cytokines IL-1β (p=0.102), MMP-3(p=0.113), MMP-13(p=0.623) or IL-13(p=0.935). Moreover, in both EA and MA the effect of acupuncture on the VAS and WOMAC function scale after 8 weeks is clinically important, although no significant differences were found between groups.Conclusions 8 weeks of both EA and MA seem to provide improvement in pain relief and function among individuals with mild to moderate knee OA. This benefit is partly mediated by changes of major inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-13.
Better efficacy in differentiating WHO grade II from III oligodendrogliomas with machine-learning than radiologist’s reading from conventional T1 contrast-enhanced and fluid attenuated inversion recovery images
Authors: Zhao Sha-Sha , Feng Xiu-Long , Hu Yu-Chuan , Han Yu , Tian Qiang , Sun Ying-Zhi , Zhang Jie , Ge Xiang-Wei , Cheng Si-Chao , Li Xiu-Li , Mao Li , Shen Shu-Ning , Yan Lin-Feng , Cui Guang-Bin , Wang Wen
Published: December 2019

Background: The medical imaging to differentiate World Health Organization (WHO) grade II (ODG2) from III (ODG3) oligodendrogliomas still remains a challenge. We investigated whether combination of machine leaning with radiomics from conventional T1 contrast-enhanced (T1CE) and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offered superior efficacy. Methods: Thirty-six patients with histologically confirmed ODGs underwent T1CE and 33 of them underwent FLAIR MR examination before any intervention from January 2015 to July 2017 were retrospectively recruited in the current study. The volume of interest (VOI) covering the whole tumor enhancement were manually drawn on the T1CE and FLAIR slice by slice using ITK-SNAP and a total of 1072 features were extracted from the VOI using 3-D slicer software. Random forest (RF) algorithm was applied to differentiate ODG2 from ODG3 and the efficacy was tested with 5-fold cross validation. The diagnostic efficacy of radiomics-based machine learning and radiologist’s assessment were also compared. Results: Nineteen ODG2 and 17 ODG3 were included in this study and ODG3 tended to present with prominent necrosis and nodular/ring-like enhancement (P < 0.05). The AUC, ACC, sensitivity, and specificity of radiomics were 0.798, 0.735, 0.672, 0.789 for T1CE, 0.774, 0.689, 0.700, 0.683 for FLAIR, as well as 0.861, 0.781, 0.778, 0.783 for the combination, respectively. The AUCs of radiologists 1, 2 and 3 were 0.700, 0.687, and 0.714, respectively. The efficacy of machine learning based on radiomics was superior to the radiologists' assessment. Conclusions: Machine-learning based on radiomics of T1CE and FLAIR offered superior efficacy to that of radiologists in differentiating ODG2 from ODG3.
Agronomic Practices Affecting Nicotine Concentration in Flue‐Cured Tobacco: A Review
Authors: Henry Josh B. , Vann Matthew C. , Lewis Ramsey S.
Published: December 2019

Proposed regulations mandating lower nicotine concentrations in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) products will likely require changes in tobacco production to reduce nicotine while maintaining yield and quality. The agronomic practices used for tobacco production have a significant impact on the synthesis and accumulation of nicotine in flue‐cured tobacco. Nicotine is the primary alkaloid in flue‐cured tobacco and is one of the main reasons for its commercial production. Most agronomic practices that improve plant health and yield have a positive effect on nicotine production and accumulation. Some of the most important factors that affect nicotine concentrations are N fertilization, planting density, topping practices, sucker control, and harvesting practices. The amount of N available to the plant has a substantial effect on nicotine, as N is a primary component of the nicotine molecule. Factors leading to higher N uptake lead to higher nicotine concentrations. Plant and leaf densities within the field also have a significant effect on nicotine, where increasing densities leads to lower nicotine concentrations. Flowering and sucker production are both significant sinks of energy and other resources. Eliminating the inflorescence via topping and controlling suckers lead to higher nicotine concentrations. In fact, substantial nicotine synthesis and accumulation occurs in the days and weeks following topping. This comprehensive review discusses the agronomic factors affecting alkaloid production in flue‐cured tobacco, and how these factors can be adjusted to manipulate the ultimate nicotine concentration.

Core Ideas

Proposed regulations may require lower tobacco nicotine concentrations.

Production practices and timing significantly influence nicotine and leaf quality.

Nitrogen fertility, crop density, growth regulation, and harvesting are paramount.

Low density, high N, and increased maturity enhance nicotine accumulation.

Flowers and axillary shoots are sinks that limit foliar nicotine concentrations.
“LINDA E PRETA”: DISCUTINDO QUESTÕES QUÍMICAS, FÍSICAS, BIOLÓGICAS E SOCIAIS DA MAQUIAGEM EM PELE NEGRA
Authors: Pinheiro Bárbara Carine Soares , Rosa Katemari , Conceição Sueli
Published: December 2019

Esse artigo tem como intuito problematizar padrões de beleza historicamente aceitos no Brasil a partir do estudo da maquiagem, aprofundando em conhecimentos de química, física e biologia necessários para a produção de cosméticos. Para tal, realizamos uma revisão de literatura acerca da temática e nos pautamos em nossas escrevivências, enquanto mulheres negras cientistas, para pautarmos e desenvolvermos tal problemática. Nesse propósito, nós, mulheres negras, que sofremos historicamente com esse processo brutal de negação de nossa beleza, o que nos ocasionou processos dolorosos de autonegação, nos sentimos legitimamente livres para escrevermos acerca do que vivemos, de como nos vimos e de como, hoje, nos vemos. Notamos que a maquiagem, apesar de ter sido criada e largamente utilizada com civilizações antigas africanas, a exemplo do antigo Egito, foi contemporaneamente projetada no âmbito da cosmetologia industrial e científica para a pele de pessoas brancas em virtude de padrões de colonialidade europeus que estabeleceram uma noção de belo brancocêntrica e, atualmente, com a expansão do poder de compra da população negra, essa indústria tem, timidamente, avançado na direção de atender a demanda desse público esquecido. Discutir ciências a partir dessa perspectiva se faz necessário para compreendermos como esses saberes se constituem e como que, socialmente, são muitas vezes aplicados reforçando estruturas de opressão social.
DINÂMICA SAZONAL DA PRODUÇÃO DE BIOMASSA HERBÁCEA EM ÁREA DE GRAMÍNEA NO SEMIÁRIDO DO BRASIL
Authors: Palacio Helba Araujo de Queiroz , Andrade Eunice Maia de , Silva Janielly Pereira da , Santos Ruth Candido dos , Souza Maria Mayara de Oliveira
Published: December 2019

A gramínea Andropogon gayanus é uma espécie forrageira adaptada às condições climáticas da região semiárida. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a produção mensal de biomassa em função da dinâmica temporal da precipitação mensal a fim de melhorar a compreensão dos estágios de desenvolvimento da gramínea em uma região semiárida do Brasil. O corte e queima da vegetação nativa ocorreu em 2009 e em janeiro de 2010 foi realizado o plantio da gramínea Andropogon gayanus Kunt. De fevereiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2017 dados de precipitação mensal e produção de biomassa foram classificadas em três grupos distintos, utilizando o método de Análise de Agrupamento Hierárquico (AAH). Verificou-se que há predominância de eventos (66.3%) com baixa produção de biomassa (média de 1929.3 kg ha-1), em função das baixas precipitações e ao estresse hídrico, comum em regiões semiáridas. As maiores produções de biomassa são registradas durante a época de floração da gramínea que acontece no final do período chuvoso. Os dados e informações obtidos neste estudo auxiliam no entendimento dos processos hidrológicos subsequentes (chuva-escoamento), porém não analisados neste estudo.
AVALIAÇÃO COMPARATIVA DE ESTABILIZANTE COMERCIAL E POLISSACARÍDEOS DE MARACUJÁ EM SORVETE DE BAUNILHA
Authors: Teixeira Sá Daniele Maria Alves , Vieira Samara Kellen de Vasconcelos , Vasconcelos Brenda Oliveira , Fernandes Darciane Rodrigues , Maciel Jeanny da Silva
Published: December 2019

Polissacarídeos da parede celular de vegetais vem sendo utilizados na indústria como agente gelificante, espessante, emulsificante ou estabilizante. Sorvetes são sistemas coloidais complexos que para manterem sua estrutura, necessitam da incorporação de algum estabilizante na composição. O objetivo desse trabalho foi extrair e fazer uso de polissacarídeos da casca do maracujá amarelo em sorvete de baunilha, avaliando a composição e características físicas destes, comparando-as com sorvete de baunilha com estabilizante comercial. Fez-se a extração do polissacarídeo da casca do maracujá amarelo e aplicou-se nos sorvetes de baunilha. Foram realizadas análises de incorporação de ar, dessoramento, derretimento, cor e análises físico-químicas de sólidos solúveis, proteínas, umidade, resíduos por incineração e pH. Os polissacarídeos extraídos apresentaram rendimento de 19,8% em base seca. O uso desses polissacarídeos em diferentes concentrações no sorvete influenciou nas características de dessoramento e derretimento do produto, com maior dessoramento apresentado pela amostra com maior concentração de polissacarídeo, e maior derretimento a amostra com estabilizante comercial. As amostras encontraram-se dentro dos padrões da legislação para proteínas e sólidos solúveis.
AS FACES DA SECA: AS TRANSFORMAÇÕES SOCIOESPACIAIS DAS GRANDES SECAS NO CEARÁ (1979-83 E 2011-16)
Authors: Da Silva Danielle Rodrigues , DE SOUSA JACKSON ARAUJO
Published: December 2019

O Estado do Ceará vivenciou, historicamente, períodos de grandes secas que foram responsáveis pela perda da produção, queda de produtividade, dificuldade de acesso à água, aumento de doenças e até mesmo mortes. O cenário de calamidade pública e aparente destruição que constitui a paisagem nesse período vem passando por transformações que possibilitaram ao homem do campo, estabelecer uma relação diferente com esse fenômeno. Discorrendo sobre as consequências desse processo, em períodos distintos, esse artigo visa analisar as principais transformações socioespaciais das grandes secas de 1979-83 e 2011-16, no estado do Ceará. Para sua realização, contou-se com o levantamento bibliográfico, análise de dados secundários do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e, sistematização dos mesmos. Comparativamente, concluiu-se que os instrumentos técnicos, desenvolvidos tanto pelo Governo como pelos movimentos e organizações sociais, tais como, cisternas de placa, barreiros, barragens, mandalas, dentre outros, provocaram as maiores transformações na forma de lidar com a seca no Ceará, no segundo período, permitindo que cada vez mais o homem possa permanecer e viver no campo mesmo em tempo de escassez
Deteksi Objek Terapung pada Sungai Martapura dengan Metode Haar Like Feature Menggunakan Kamera Smart Phone
Authors: Saubari Nahdi , Ansari Rudy , Gazali Mukhaimy
Published: December 2019

Martapura river is the center of Banjarmasin’s local life, especially for water transportation and its famous floating market tourism spot. Due to various floating objects in Martapura river, a method to detect those objects is needed to control the condition of the river. In general, there are several methods to detect objects such as Gaussian, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and the newest method called Haar Like Feature (HLF). Those first three methods often used to detect moving object, while HLF mostly used to detect human’s face. This research aimed to examine the use of HLF method to detect floating objects in Martapura river by using smartphone’s camera with the specification of 16Megapixel and 1080p resolution. The data collected with random sampling technique in two different spots in Banjarmasin at different times. Images and videos then examined using HLF method. The result shows that HLF method by using smartphone camera cannot be used to identify any floating objec
ROBOTİK CERRAHİ MÜDAHALELERDEN DOĞAN HUKUKİ SORUMLULUK
Authors: PARLAK BÖRÜ Şafak
Published: December 2019

Robotik teknoloji tıp biliminde de kendine önemli bir yer edinmeye başlamıştır. Cerrahi robotları pek çok tıbbi müdahalede hekimleri destekleyici işlev görmektedir. Robotik cerrahi (da Vinci cerrahisi) yeni bir tıbbi tedavi yöntemi olup; pek çok avantajının yanında, bünyesinde ne gibi ‘olası’ riskler barındırdığı da tespit edilmeye çalışılmaktadır. FDA MAUDE veritabanı robotik cerrahi müdahalelerden doğan zararlarda istatistiksel bir genel bakış oluşturabilmek, zararın kaynağını ve sorumluluk sujelerini belirleyebilmek açısından yol göstericidir. Bununla birlikte, advers olayların bildirilmesi ve kayıt altına alınabilmesindeki yetersizliklere sıklıkla işaret edildiği görülmektedir. Robotik cerrahide kapsam ve karmaşıklık bakımından çeşitlilik gösteren medikolegal sorunlar ortaya çıkabilir. Robotik cerrahi müdahalelerden doğan zararlara ilişkin hukuki sorumluluğun belirlenmesinde önemli olan husus zararın kaynağıdır. Ortaya çıkan zararın kaynağına bağlı olarak, hekim, hastane, üretici hukuki sorumluluk sujeleri olarak karşımıza çıkabilecekleri gibi, bu kişilerin birlikte sorumluluğu da söz konusu olabilir. Başta da Vinci robotunun üreticisinin bulunduğu ABD olmak üzere, robotik cerrahinin giderek yaygınlaştığı ülkeler, farklı yasal düzenlemeleri çerçevesinde, malpraktis ve ürün sorumluluğu temeline dayanan ancak sorumluluk sujelerinin bazen iç içe geçen ilişkileri nedeniyle oldukça karmaşık hale gelen ihtilaflara çözüm bulmaya çalışmaktadır.
Review of complex adaptive systems in nursing practice
Authors: Kiviliene J. , Blazeviciene A.
Published: December 2019

This article describes the most typical characteristics of complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory and how it works in healthcare organizations and nursing practice. Complexity science belongs to newest systems thinking, which explore complex systems by focusing on the system components, relationships and interconnections rather than on the individual components themselves. The nurse must therefore always keep in mind the larger picture when caring for the individual patient and expect to be disturbed by unexpected possibilities. The incorporation of complexity science concepts into the practice of nursing leadership encourages new ways of thinking about organizations and is a natural model for the ideals and expected results of skilled nursing. CAS theory will take a permanent place in the healthcare organizations activities, improve nursing processes and create a better work environment for nursing and job satisfaction.
Batteries assessing functional fitness of older people: a brief review
Authors: L. Rutkauskiene , E. Lendraitiene
Published: December 2019

Regular physical activity of older people leads them to more independent life and reduces risk of illness and mortality from various chronic diseases. There are tests for muscular strength, flexibility, aerobic endurance, balance, body mass index, but for the older people is more interesting to know how they are able to do their daily life activities. Physical impairment leads to functional limitation (restriction in physical behaviors such as walking, standing up, stair climbing) which can lead to disability. The batteries contain various types of tests, ranging from basic motor skills to specific day-to-day tasks, depending on the physical activity field to be tested. The purpose of this review is to compare differences in the functional ﬁtness assessing batteries of older adults to determine if they are common to use for physiotherapists and to help them in process of choosing.
Optimization of the longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic step-like horn design for milling tool applications via the tool load account
Authors: Wang Xiao-Bo , Jiao Feng , Zhao Chong-Yang
Published: December 2019

Ultrasonic horns are used in the ultrasonic-assisted milling and cutting tools. However, the interaction with tool end vibrations deteriorates the horn performance. In this study, the amplification coefficients and vibration node locations of an ultrasonic horn were determined via the 1D wave theory and optimized by the tool load effect account. By arranging spiral grooves at the straight part of the ultrasonic horn, a longitudinal-torsional modal converter was introduced. This made it possible to convert longitudinal vibrations into longitudinal-torsional coupled ones by the superposition of incident and reflected longitudinal waves with reflected transverse ones at grooves. Orthogonal L9 (33) tests with parameters of spiral grooves as variables were designed and conducted, and longitudinal-torsional ratios (LTR) of the milling tool end under different conditions were assessed using the commercial ANSYS software package. The in-depth analysis of simulation results implies that the LTR values are controlled by the following influence factors in the decreasing order: helical angle, number of grooves, and groove width. Single-factor tests indicate that LTR exhibits an initial drop and a further rise with the helical angle, attaining its minimal value at 30°; it drops with the number of grooves n, and remains practically unchanged with the groove width variation. Finally, the vibration tests of the proposed horn with the optimized parameters corroborated its feasibility and demonstrated its excellent performance in the ultrasonic-assisted milling tool application.
Graphical PID tuning method for uncertain fractional-order multivariable systems
Authors: Chu Minghui , Xu Chi , Chu Jizheng
Published: December 2019

In this paper, a graphical tuning method for controllers parameters based on the open-loop fractional transfer function (FO-EOTF) method is proposed for fractional-order parameter uncertain multivariable system. The FO-EOTF method is proposed to transform the parameter uncertain fractional-order multivariable system into a set of independent parameter uncertain fractional-order univariate systems and determine the parameters regions of the univariate systems. The gain phase margin tester is used to further guarantee the robust performance of the controlled system. Finally, simulation result from the numerical simulation is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
Team Approach to Diagnostic and Correction of Learning Problems in a Public Primary School
Authors: Plotnikova A. V. , Glozman J. M.
Published: December 2019

The paper presents an analysis of opportunities of a team approach in support of primary school pupils with learning difficulties and maladjustment. It describes the possibilities of neuropsychological approach in conjunction with the team method of work. The authors introduced stages of the diagnostic and remedial process, taking into account the specific features of public primary school. The research objective was to analyze opportunities of team method in a primary school, based on the neuropsychological approach. The diagnostic and remedial process has four stages. For the diagnosis, the authors used age-adapted individual and group neuropsychological assessment of children using Luria's battery, with quantitative evaluation of data, as well as a modified method of "proof-reading test" and Gestalt test by Bender. The authors proposed a multi-stage diagnostic method, adapted to conditions of the public primary school. The results of diagnosis revealed the structure of cognitive disturbances in children. The paper focuses on the application possibilities of the team method, based on the neuropsychological approach in primary school, as well as on the opportunities for schools to support children "at risk".
Interventional radiotherapy (Brachytherapy) for Breast Cancer – ESTRO 38 Breast Brachytherapy Track
Authors: Chicheł Adam
Published: December 2019

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie najnowszych trendów i doniesień związanych z zastosowaniem brachyterapii w leczeniu raka piersi przedstawionych podczas 38 Konferencji Europejskiego Towarzystwa Radioterapii Onkologicznej (ang. European SocieTy for Radiotherapy and Oncology, ESTRO), która odbyła się w Mediolanie (Włochy) w dniach 26-30 kwietnia 2019 roku. W opracowaniu zawarte są informacje na temat przeprowadzonych sesji, sympozjów, debat, prezentacji ustnych oraz plakatowych wyróżnionych abstraktów dotyczących zastosowania brachyterapii w leczeniu raka piersi.
Occurrence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in river water and sediment of the Mahakam River
Authors: Hadibarata Tony , Kristanti Risky Ayu , Mahmoud Ahmed Hossam
Published: December 2019

The study was performed to examine the occurrence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including four steroid estrogens, one plasticizer, and three preservatives in the Mahakam River, Indonesia. The physicochemical analysis of river water and sediment quality parameters were determined as well as the concentration of EDCs. The range of values for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, and oil/grease in river water and sediment were higher than recommended limits prescribed by the World Health Organization's Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (GDWQ). Bisphenol A (BPA) was the most widely found EDC with the highest concentration level at 652 ng/L (mean 134 ng/L) in the river water and ranged from ND (not detected) to 952 ng/L (mean 275 ng/L) in the sediment. Correlation analysis to investigate the relationship between the EDCs' concentrations in water and sediment also revealed a significant correlation (R2 = 0.93) between the EDCs' concentrations. High concentrations of EDCs are found in urban and residential areas because these compounds are commonly found in both human and animal bodies, resulting in the disposal of EDCs into canals and rivers in urban and suburban areas, as well as livestock manure and waste that is generated from intensive livestock farming around the suburban area.