bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Chickpea Chlorotic Dwarf Virus (CpCDV) Associated with Chickpea Stunt Disease
Authors: Manjunatha L. , Srinivasa N. , Basavaraja T. , Keerthi M.C.
Published: March 2021

Background: Stunt disease is becoming the major yield limiting factors for the chickpea production and its occurrence has been reported form different states of India. The symptoms of stunt disease caused by chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus are difficult to distinguish Mastrevirus-infected plant from other disease-causing pathogens. Therefore, it’s an imperative for precise detection of causal agent of the disease for development of management strategy against chickpea stunt. Methods: Survey for the incidence of stunt disease with most characteristic symptoms of leaf reddening and yellow orange typical to Mastrevirus infection was conducted in chickpea fields. The causal agent of the stunt was characterized and described through conventional and virus-specific PCR-based diagnostic technique. Result: The study revealed that maximum of 60% of the chickpea stunt was observed in three districts of Uttar Pradesh with an average incidence of 12.90%. The PCR amplification using CpCDV-specific primers encoding coat protein resulted in an expected amplicon size of 350bp. The comparison of the partial coat protein sequence of virus revealed that maximum homology of 98.70% with previously identified chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) strains, indicating that CpCDV associated with the chickpea stunt. Based on molecular characterization, chickpea stunt disease caused by Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (ssDNA), belongs to the genus Mastrevirus which is also responsible for the lentil stunt disease. ABBREVIATION CpCDV- Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus, ssDNA- Single stranded deoxyribonucleic acid.
Effect of Salicylic Acid on Plant Physiological and Yield Traits of Soybean
Authors: Kuchlan P. , Kuchlan M.K.
Published: March 2021

Background: Salicylic acid (SA) is an endogenous plant growth regulator plays a vital role in plant growth, ion uptake, transport, interaction with other organisms and in the responses to environmental stress. The aim of the study was to find the effect of salicylic acid on chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde level of leaves and seed yield parameters of soybean. Methods: Field trials were conducted during kharif 2018 and 2019 at ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore farm (22.78oN, 75.88oE), India. Salicylic acid applied as foliar spray with (50,100 and 200 ppm) concentrations at vegetative stage (22-25 days after sowing) and at pod filling stage (57-60 days after sowing). Chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation activity and superoxide dismutase enzyme, plant height, number of pod per plant, seed yield and seed index were determined. Result: Chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme were enhanced and the level of lipid peroxidation of leaves was reduced as compared to untreated plant when salicylic acid applied at critical stage of crop growth. Significant increase in soybean seed yield was observed both with concentration of 100 and 200 ppm salicylic acid. Foliar spray with salicylic acid @ 100 ppm at vegetative and at pod filling stage was very effective for better seed production programme to improve quantity as well as quality of soybean seeds.
Screening of Bush Type French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Accessions for Micronutrient Variations and Characterization of Selected Genotypes using Micronutrient Content Linked Markers
Authors: Mamathashree M.N. , Shyamalamma S.
Published: March 2021

Background: French bean or kidney bean is a rich source of protein, fibers and minerals in diet and is used by poor people in several Asian countries as a cheap source of protein and mineral vegetable/seed grain. Thus, the study on micronutrient variations in French bean local genotypes was undertaken to screen for Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn content in comparison to developed varieties. Methods: Selected twenty local genotypes/accessions and four released varieties of French bean were grown in the field. The morphological characterization was carried out as per crop descriptors. The micronutrient analysis for Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu content was carried out using AAS. Further, accessions were screened using fourteen SSR markers linked to Fe and Zn content. Result: The results revealed that accession IC342273 exhibited significantly higher dry pod (58.94 g) and seed yield (809.74 g) per plot. The accession IC538420 (177.31 ppm) exhibited significantly higher mean Fe content and was on par with Arka Suvidha (176 ppm). Accession EC500226 showed significantly higher Zn (26.91 ppm), Mn (15.31 ppm) and Cu (8.55 ppm) content over other accessions and varieties. Among fourteen SSR primers amplified, two genomic SSR markers (BM154 and BM211) exhibited higher polymorphism among the accessions. The SSR markers classified the accessions and varieties into two clusters, which can be used in crop improvement programmes on French bean for micronutrients bio-fortification studies.
Root-based Responses of Well-watered and Water-stressed Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes Varying for Drought Tolerance and Biomass
Authors: Akman Hayati
Published: March 2021

Background: Chickpea is a pivotal grain legume crop and is grown in rain-fed conditions where its production has been challenged by drought. Methods: To understand precisely the root-based responses to well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) treatments, 14 chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes differing in drought tolerance and biomass were studied in 100-cm cylinders under glasshouse conditions. Result: The genotypes exhibited significant variations in rooting depths ranging from 84.5 to 100.3 cm and 78.7 to 121 cm in WW and WS treatments, respectively and root biomasses varied from 0.23 to 1.01 g and 0.38 to 0.91 g. The average root biomass of drought-tolerant genotypes was 61.3% in WS treatment and 64.4% in WW treatment higher than that of drought-sensitive genotypes. Moreover, genotype with high biomass revealed greater root biomass and deeper rooting than the genotype with low biomass in both treatments. The root biomass in the deeper soil profile differed between drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive genotypes and was generally greater in WS compared to WW treatment. Overall, screening the variability in root features of chickpea genotypes with varying levels of drought tolerance and biomass contributes to new insights for understanding drought adaptation mechanisms and the improvement of new cultivars with superior root traits in breeding programs.
Ixquihuacan y el origen de Ahuacatlán y Coaltepec
Authors: Méndez Juan Santiago , Sasaki Mitsuya
Published: March 2021

Este texto de San Francisco Ixquihuacan, una comunidad nahuahablante en la Sierra occidental de Puebla, presenta un folclor local sobre el origen de dos pueblos vecinos: Ahuacatlán y Coaltepec. El narrador cuenta sobre la migración de los totonacos o totutecos al actual Ahuacatlán (y el acontecimiento religioso que ocurrió entonces) y la fundación de Coaltepec por los nahuas de Ixquihuacan para reclamar las tierras contra ellos.
Francisco Nayari hace una petición al obispo Juan Ruiz Colmenero (1649). Análisis y traducción de una carta escrita en náhuatl por un hablante de cora
Authors: Torres Nila Álvaro J.
Published: March 2021

Se presenta el análisis, la paleografía y la traducción de una carta escrita en náhuatl por Francisco Nayari, el tonati o dirigente cora, fechada en 1649. Francisco Nayari le escribe al obispo de Guadalajara Juan Ruiz Colmenero con el fin de informar al prelado, que los coras se mantienen dentro de un modo de vida cristiano. La afirmación de Nayari pareciera derivar de alguna acusación contra los coras, en tanto que asevera que son fieles a la Corona española, y que son los tepehuanes, vecinos suyos, quienes no manifiestan un comportamiento cristiano. El documento es muy rico tanto por el momento histórico que revela como por el hecho de que el náhuatl de Francisco Nayari es su segunda lengua. Esto es notorio porque hay “errores” en el náhuatl del documento que son muy sistemáticos. Francisco Nayari finaliza su carta con una información que el obispo no puede subestimar: Francisco Nayari fue bautizado por Miguel Caldera, el capitán que negoció la paz entre los grupos chichimecas que estuvieron insurrectos por cerca de cincuenta años y el virrey de Nueva España. El obispo Ruiz Colmenero debe creer lo que Nayari dice.
Las medidas provisionales y cautelares en los procedimientos de restitución de menores: análisis del Reglamento (UE) 2019/1111 en conexión con el ordenamiento jurídico español
Authors: Calzado Llamas Antonio Jesús
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo abarca el régimen de medidas provisionales, incluidas las cautelares en los procedimientos de restitución de menores con arreglo al nuevo régimen del Reglamento 2019/1111. Comenzando por el análisis de su artículo 15, nos centramos en su aplicación en dos momentos procesales a resultas de un traslado o retención ilícitos: el mantenimiento del contacto con el progenitor custodio durante el procedimiento y las medidas de protección contra cualquier grave riesgo en caso de devolución al Estado de residencia habitual. Se aprovecha la ocasión para evaluar la articulación de las reformas europeas con la legislación española. Finalmente, tomamos en consideración la existencia de medidas preventivas en el Derecho convencional, europeo y nacional para evitar la sustracción internacional de menores.
Ley aplicable a los smart contracts y lex crytographia
Authors: López Rodríguez Ana Mercedes
Published: March 2021

La irrupción de los smart contracts o contratos inteligentes basados en la cadena de bloques plantea importantes desafíos para el Derecho contractual y el Derecho internacional privado. Estos contratos tienen, además, la capacidad de operar, en gran medida, al margen del ordenamiento jurídico y, con ello, de poner en jaque al tradicional monopolio legislativo del Estado. Algunos ya vaticinan que los algoritmos terminarán por desplazar a la Ley y a jueces y tribunales, una vez se consolide lo que se denomina la Lex Cryptographia. Ante esta situación, el presente trabajo aborda tres cuestiones principales: Primero, analiza la ley aplicable a los smart contracts bajo el régimen del Reglamento Roma I. Segundo, estudia el fenómeno de la Lex Cryptographia y su interacción con el ordenamiento jurídico estatal. Finalmente, examina el papel del Derecho internacional privado para garantizar la seguridad jurídica en la contratación inteligente, así como el adecuado equilibrio entre regulación e innovación tecnológica.
Eficacia horizontal de las reglas de competencia judicial internacional en el Reglamento nº 1215/2012 (observaciones al hilo de una cuestión prejudicial retirada)
Authors: Requejo Isidro Marta
Published: March 2021

En diciembre de 2019 la Court of Appeal de Inglaterra y Gales solicitó al Tribunal de Justicia una decisión prejudicial sobre si el artículo 4, apartado 1, del Reglamento nº 1215/2012, crea, a favor de las personas domiciliadas en Estados miembros, un derecho directamente exigible frente a otro particular; para el caso de respuesta afirmativa, preguntaba acerca de su tutela. La cuestión fue posteriormente retirada. En este texto se proponen argumentos para llegar a la solución que presumiblemente, a juicio del autor, habría sido la del Tribunal de Justicia. Se sugiere que, en ciertos casos, no es imposible una lectura distinta de ciertas disposiciones del Reglamento, que puede, además, ser oportuna para reforzar la protección de personas con domicilio en la Unión, y asegurar la aplicación efectiva de políticas legislativas esenciales.
SAP Valencia 25 de mayo 2020. La ignorancia del reconocimiento automático de resoluciones en materia de derecho de alimentos europeo. Una resolución paralela
Authors: Recuenco Pérez Silvia
Published: March 2021

El reconocimiento y ejecución de resoluciones en materia de familia exige la necesidad de individualizar el Reglamento europeo aplicable según el tipo de materia. Con relación a las obligaciones alimenticias, el Reglamento 4/2009 dispone que tendrán fuerza ejecutiva de pleno derecho y sin posibilidad de oponer motivos de rechazo al reconocimiento, siempre que el Estado de origen y el requeridoestén vinculados por el Protocolo de la Haya de 2007. La sentencia objeto de comentario lo ignora y no reconoce una sentencia dictada en Rumania con anterioridad a otra española entre las mismas partes, objeto y causa, vulnerando entre otras cosas, el principio esencial a la libre circulación de resoluciones europeas e imponiendo la resolución española.
I Suck at This Game: “Let’s Play” Videos, Think-Alouds, and the Pedagogy of Bad Feelings
Authors: Mason Derritt
Published: March 2021

This article explores the pedagogical usefulness of “Let’s Play” videos (LPs), a wildly popular paratext in which video gamers record and narrate their gameplay. I designed and implemented an LP creation assignment in two English Literature classes that focused on digital children’s literature and culture. I imagined my LP assignment as a variation on a cognitive “think-aloud” activity, wherein students and/or instructors vocalize their approach to solving a particular problem. I was curious how these habits of mind might differ when students engage with interactive digital texts as opposed to print literature. What this study exposed is the centrality of feelings—in particular, “bad” feelings like anxiety and frustration, and the silences that often accompany these feelings—to the initial stages of critical thinking. When students contemplated bad feelings and their origins, eventually they were able to offer incisive analyses of their digital texts. Ultimately, this study argues that cognitive and affective “think-and-feel-aloud” activities such as the LP exercise, which allow students to dwell momentarily in bad feelings and silence, create rich teaching and learning opportunities.
Student Perceptions of an Online Ungraded Course
Authors: Guberman Daniel
Published: March 2021

What do grades mean? What purpose do they serve? What role do they play in the learning process? Teachers and scholars have recently begun to re-examine these questions central to our current grading system. As a result, many have started to re-assess how grades are assigned in their classes. In this case study, I examine the effectiveness of ungrading, an approach centered around students assigning their own grades through reflecting on the learning process. After contextualizing and describing the approach developed for this fully online, asynchronous history class, I share quantitative and qualitative data regarding student perceptions, motivation, and information usage to argue that systems such as ungrading have potential for contributing to the construction of highly effective and meaningful learning environments.
A Milestone in the Life of a Journal
Authors: Mårtensson Katarina , Schrum Kelly
Published: March 2021

An introduction to volume 9, issue 1 of Teaching & Learning Inquiry.
Teaching Race and Racial Justice: Developing Students’ Cognitive and Affective Understanding
Authors: Bandy Joe , Harbin M. Brielle , Thurber Amie
Published: March 2021

Effectively addressing both cognitive and affective dimensions of learning is one of the greatest obstacles to teaching race and racial justice in higher education. In this article, we first explore the need to integrate attention to cognitive and affective development, along with evidence-based strategies for doing so. We then provide a case study of an undergraduate sociology course on environmental justice in which the instructor intentionally adopted holistic pedagogical principles of teaching race. Analyzing student responses from a pre- and post- course survey, course assignments, and instructor observations of student participation, we find that both white students and students of color experienced significant growth in their cognitive and affective understanding of the complexities of race and work toward racial justice. However, results also show how challenging it can be to create the conditions for productive multiracial dialogues that produce extensive affective development, particularly interpersonal skills of racial reconciliation. Reflecting on the limitations of the case, we conclude that more holistic teaching approaches are necessary to develop both students’ cognitive and affective abilities to navigate race and work against racism, and we make suggestions for faculty development and administrative support.
The Scholarship of Critique and Power
Authors: Martin-Thomsen Tiona Camille , Scagnetti Gaia , McPhee Siobhan R. , Akenson Ashley B. , Hagerman Dana
Published: March 2021

Critique can be defined as disciplinary feedback, analysis, or assessment provided to an individual or within a group, be it a classroom or a team. At a fundamental level, it is an exchange of ideas, impressions, evaluations, opinions, reflections, judgments, speculations, or suggestions to oneself or between two or more participants in a defined context. Scholars describe critique as a signature pedagogy in many disciplines, a cornerstone of the educational experience. There has been scant critical analysis of how critique also represents a performance of power with roots in positions of authority, expertise, or assigned roles. Such power dynamics have been explored in some areas within SoTL, for example in scholarship on assessment, epistemic disobedience, social justice, feminist pedagogies, and critical race theory. However, this has generally not been the case within the scholarship on critique. To better understand the dimensions of power in the context of critique we developed a conceptual framework that can be applied at the individual level (teacher to student, student to student) as well as the systemic level (critique as a construct of cultural hegemony in a specific episteme). Drawing from theoretical and pedagogical literature in areas such as cultural studies, whiteness studies, design education, and assessment, the conceptual framework defines power in three main expressions: power as inequity, power as authority, and power as cultural hegemony. The framework can be used to identify and define power within the critique context and to also inform reflection and shift perspectives at various academic levels.
The Courage to SoTL
Authors: Smith Heather , Schlesselman Lauren , McSweeney-Flaherty Jill , Irving-Bell Dawne , Godbold Nattalia , Torcivia Patrice
Published: March 2021

Using Parker Palmer’s The Courage to Teach, and in particular the notion of the undivided life, to guide reflections through the process of collaborative autoethnography, we reflect on our lived experiences with the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL). The central question being: How does Palmer’s idea of the undivided life enable SoTL scholars to explore notions of identity and integrity that are intertwined with our academic practice? Ultimately, we found that Palmer’s insights provoked us to think deeply about our identities, and while perhaps we did not always see ourselves on the paths he illuminates, his work, and our collaborative ethnographic process, helped us to illuminate our own paths. More specifically, we share five themes arising from our collaborative autoethnography related to the importance of context and positionality, defining a SoTL scholar, the power to diminish, the importance of relationships and community, and collaborative autoethnography as method and process. Our stories highlight the need for us to see our community as complex, messy, and deeply human, and we remind readers of the need to think about the ethics of all methods and the power in our everyday practice to include or exclude.
Migration and intergenerational stability in female employment: The impact of differences between sending and receiving countries
Authors: Tsolak Dorian , Bürmann Marvin , Kroh Martin
Published: March 2021

Objective: This article studies the intergenerational stability of employment in families of immigrants cross-nationally by investigating to what extent contextual differences between sending and receiving countries affect the transmission of labour force participation from mothers to daughters.

Background: It is often argued that a low level of labour force participation among female immigrants reflects gender norms inherited from the sending country, or, alternatively, that it is indicative of obstacles to social mobility in the receiving country. We seek to add to the existing research on this topic by providing evidence of differences between sending and receiving countries that systematically affect the labour market behaviour of female immigrants.

Method: We use individual-level data from the European Social Survey (ESS) for 35 receiving countries for a 14-year period (2004-2018) in combination with contextual data for 172 sending countries from 1960 to 2018. First, we provide an overview of employment rates and intergenerational employment stability for different combinations of sending and receiving contexts with respect to the labour force participation rates of female immigrants. Second, we corroborate our descriptive findings with multilevel models.

Results: Our paper shows that there are changes in the levels of intergenerational employment stability among immigrants depending on the differences in the female labour force participation rates between the sending and the receiving countries. We find that when women migrate from countries with low female labour force participation rates to countries with high female labour force participation rates, their probability of participating in the labour force increases. However, we also find that the levels of intergenerational employment stability in this group are high.

Conclusion: Intergenerational employment stability seems to be responsive to contextual differences between sending and receiving countries. We observe the highest levels of intergenerational stability in employment between mothers and daughters in families who migrated from countries with low female labour force participation rates to countries with high female labour force participation rates.
Tinjauan Yuridis Penerapan Prinsip Tanggung Jawab Komando di Indonesia sebagai Perwujudan Keadilan Transisi
Authors: Anwar Adelwin Airel , Makarim Harish
Published: March 2021

Penerapan doktrin keadilan transisi diperlukan demi pemenuhan hak-hak korban yang terenggut karena terjadinya pelanggaran HAM berat. Sehingga perlu adanya pertanggungjawaban orang-orang yang melakukan kejahatan tersebut untuk mewujudkan terhapusnya impunitas. Tanggung Jawab komando merupakan salah satu cara agar komando dan atasan yang seharusnya memegang kendali terhadap anak buahnya dapat bertanggung jawab. Sayangnya, penerapan doktrin tersebut dalam hukum Indonesia dianggap kurang memuaskan. Kesalahan pengaplikasian doktrin tersebut terjadi di dalam kasus pelanggaran HAM berat di Tanjung Priok karena rumusan Pasal 42 dalam Undang-Undang Pengadilan HAM yang fakultatif sehingga gagal menjerat komandan yang ada di tempat. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif dengan studi kepustakaan, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendorong pemerintah untuk membenahi peraturan-peraturan terkait Hak Asasi Manusia khususnya dalam penerapan Tanggung Jawab Komando. Selain itu, penelitian ini disusun sebagai bentuk refleksi untuk mengingat kejadian masa lalu Pelanggaran HAM berat di Indonesia.
Gagasan Mekanisme Pengisian Jabatan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden Ketika Keadaan Darurat
Authors: Saputro Aditya Wahyu , Azhara Mayang Devi
Published: March 2021

Keadaan darurat (state of emergency) seperti pandemi atau perang menghambat penyelenggaraan negara tidak dapat maksimal dilakukan, seperti pemilihan umum secara langsung. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan hukum tata negara darurat sebagai prevensi atas keadaan darurat (state of emergency) terutama mengenai pengisian jabatan presiden dan wakil presiden Ketentuan keadaan darurat sangat diperlukan di tengah ancaman pandemi di masa depan dan posisi geografis Indonesia yang rawan bencana berpotensi menghalangi proses suksesi kepemimpinan melalui pemilihan langsung. Tulisan ini dibahas secara yuridis-normatif berdasar asas-asas hukum dan ditulis secara deskriptif. Disimpulkan bahwa, ketika keadaan darurat negara telah ditetapkan, maka mekanisme pengisian jabatan presiden dan wakil presiden maka perlu diadakan pemilu dengan gabungan variasi model. Sebaliknya, jika hal tersebut tidak memungkinkan dan melampaui masa jabatan presiden yang menjabat saat itu, maka pilihan terakhir adalah memperpanjang masa jabatan presiden untuk sementara waktu.
Pemenuhan Hak Masyarakat Miskin Terhadap Perumahan dan Permukiman yang Layak di Perkotaan Indonesia: Studi Perbandingan Singapura dan Australia
Authors: Arafat Brillian Aditya Prawira , Taniady Vicko
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini akan mengkaji regulasi dan implementasi pemerintah dalam upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan pemukiman bagi masyarakat miskin di perkotaan Indonesia. Di Indonesia peningkatan masyarakat miskin mengakibatkan jumlah permukiman kumuh meningkat dengan tajam. Sebagai pembanding, penulis membandingkan pemenuhan hak masyarakat miskin terhadap pemukiman layak di negara Singapura dan Australia yang mampu menekan pemukiman kumuh. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah hukum normatif yang menggunakan studi pustaka dengan pendekatan comparative law antara negara Indonesia, Singapura dan Australia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa regulasi hukum yang mengatur tentang perumahan dan permukiman yang layak telah tertuang dalam berbagai peraturan nasional. Namun, dalam wujud pengimplementasiannya terasa sangat sulit terutama akibat dari inkonsistensi pemerintah dalam pemenuhan HAM bagi masyarakat miskin terkhusus pemenuhan permukiman yang layak di perkotaan. Sehingga perlu adanya urgensi untuk memenuhi hak masyarakat miskin terhadap perumahan dan permukiman yang layak dengan mengaca kebijakan Singapura dan Australia.
Konflik Norma Dalam Pengaturan Kartu Kredit Pemerintah
Authors: Harits Taufan Maulana
Published: March 2021

Era globalisasi bertumpu pada media elektronik, cashless, efisiensi waktu telah menjadi ciri masyarakat modern saat ini. Pemerintah juga menyesuaikan dinamika transaksi elektronik dengan menggunakan instrumen perbankan yang berbasis pada elektronik seperti kartu debit dan kartu kredit. Sebagimana diketahui bahwa dalam operasional setiap satuan kerja pemerintah menyediakan uang persediaan untuk membiayai belanja. Belanja tersebut meliputi belanja barang dan modal. Dengan menggunakan kartu kredit sebagai instrumen pembayaran, pemerintah berharap dapat mempercepat penyerapan anggaran serta mengurangi fraud khususnya dalam penggunaan belanja perjalanan dinas. Selain tugas bendahara pengeluaran adalah mengelola uang persediaan untuk belanja operasional satuan kerja, bendahara pengeluaran juga wajib memungut pajak atas transaksi penyerahan barang yang menggunakan uang persediaan. Namun, kartu kredit masih menyisakan konflik norma dalam pengaturanya seperti bertentangan dengan norma peraturan lainya ataupun konsep yang redundant dalam pengaturan kartu kredit, prinsip yang bertentangan dengan norma pengaturanya, pencabutan kewenangan dalam pemungutan pajak.
Relationship Between The Use Of Iodine Salt And The Growth And Development Of Babies
Authors: Purnani Weni Tri
Published: March 2021

Garam beryodium adalah garam yang telah diperkaya dengan yodium yang dibutuhkan tubuh untuk membuat hormon yang mengatur pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kecerdasan. Garam beryodium yang digunakan sebagai garam konsumsi harus memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) mengandung sebanyak 30-80 ppm. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui Hubungan Antara Penggunaan Garam Beryodium Dengan Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Pada Balita.Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik korelasional dengan pendekatan crossectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu balita yang ada di Puskesmas Campurejo berjumlah 93, dengan teknik simple random sampling diperoleh sampel sebanyak 40 responden. Instrument yang digunakan yaitu alat ukur iodium tes, alat ukur (timbangan, pengukur tinggi badan), tabel Z dan KPSP. Hasil penelitian kemudian dianalisa menggunakan Uji Spearman Rho. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa P value adalah 0,000 < α (0,05) Ho ditolak yaitu ada hubungan antara penggunaan garam beryodium dengan pertumbuhan dan berdasarkan uji statistic spearmen’rho nilai P value < α (0,05) didapatkan P value adalah 0,002 maka Ho ditolak artinya ada hubungan antara garam beryodium dengan perkembangan balita. Disarankan agar orang tua mampu memberikan nutrisi khususnya pemberian garam beryodium yang sesuai pada balita agar dapat mencegah terjadinya gangguan pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan
Acetaldehyde metabolism in industrial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae inhibited by SO2 and cooling during alcoholic fermentation
Authors: Li Erhu , Mira de Orduña Heidinger Ramón
Published: March 2021

Aim: The addition of SO2 is a common technique for stopping alcoholic fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and producing beverages with residual sugar. However, SO2 causes a metabolic shift in active yeast leading to the formation of acetaldehyde and resulting in higher preservative SO2 requirements in the final product. The current work investigated the effects of stopping alcoholic fermentation using two industrial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, by means of cooling and/or addition of SO2, on the kinetics of hexoses and acetaldehyde.Methods and results: Alcoholic fermentation was conducted by inoculating natural Chardonnay grape must with two commonly used strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CY3079 and EC1118). Ten days after inoculation, cooling (to 4 °C) and/or addition of SO2 (50-350 mg/L) were applied to stop fermentations at approximately 70-90 g/L of residual sugar. Incubations were carried out in an anaerobic chamber to prevent the formation of acetalhdeyde resulting from chemical oxidation. Samples were taken regularly and analysed for glucose, fructose and acetalhdyde levels.In this work, addition of SO2 to 150 mg/L or more were effective in inhibiting further and practically relevant degradation of hexoses even in non-cooled control treatments. With concurrent cooling, an addition to 50 mg/L was sufficient. Addition of SO2always led to a slow increase in yeast acetaldehyde formation over time, regardless of cooling or the apparent inhibition of yeast sugar metabolism. Acetaldehyde increases were reduced with larger SO2 additions.Conclusions: When using SO2 to stop alcoholic fermentations, large doses should be used and wines separated from the sedimented biomass soon thereafter. Nevertheless, rapid cooling remains preferable to SO2 addition and can prevent further microbial formation of acetaldehyde.Significance and impact of the study: Results from the current work show that acetaldehyde, and therefore bound SO2formation, can be reduced when alcoholic fermentation is halted to obtain wines with residual sweetness.
Optimising grapevine summer stress responses and hormonal balance by applying kaolin in two Portuguese Demarcated Regions
Authors: Bernardo Sara , Dinis Lia-Tânia , Luzio Ana , Machado Nelson , Gonçalves Alexandre , Vives-Peris Vicente , Pitarch-Bielsa Marta , López-Climent María F. , Malheiro Aureliano C. , Correia Carlos , Gómez-Cadenas Aurelio , Moutinho-Pereira José
Published: March 2021

In Mediterranean-like climate areas, field-grown grapevines are typically exposed to severe environmental conditions during the summer season, which can negatively impact the sustainability of viticulture. Despite the short-term mitigation strategies available nowadays to cope with climate change, little is known regarding their effectiveness in different demarcated winegrowing regions with differing climate features. Hence, we applied a kaolin suspension (5 %) to Touriga-Franca (TF) and Touriga-Nacional (TN) grapevine varieties located in two Portuguese demarcated regions (Alentejo and Douro) with different mesoclimates to study its effect on the physiological performance, hormonal balance and ABA-related grapevine leaf gene expression during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Data show that 2017 was warmer than 2018 due to the occurrence of two heatwaves in both locations, highlighting the protective effect of kaolin application under severe environmental conditions. In the first study year, at midday, kaolin enhanced water use efficiency (23 % in Douro and 13 % in Alentejo), carbon assimilation rates (PN; 72 % in Douro and 25 % in Alentejo), and the soluble sugar content of grapevine leaves, while decreasing the accumulation of plant growth regulators (ABA, IAA, and SA) during the ripening stage. The results show an up-regulation of ABA biosynthesis-related genes (VvNCED) in TF treated vines from the Douro vineyard mainly in 2017, suggesting an increased stress response under severe summer conditions. Additionally, kaolin triggered the expression of ABA-responsive genes (VvHVA22a and VvSnRK2.6) mainly in TF, indicating different varietal responses to kaolin application under fluctuating periods of summer stress.
As memórias escolares no museu histórico universitário
Authors: Zanatta Aline Antunes
Published: March 2021

Tem-se como objetivo apresentar os patrimônios educacionais existentes nas coleções tridimensionais, textuais e iconográficas que compõem os acervos do Museu Republicano “Convenção de Itu”, extensão do Museu Paulista da USP, dando ênfase às formas como foram integrados ao acervo, atividades de pesquisa, exposições e extensão desenvolvidas pelo museu no que toca ao tema da memória escolar.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Quality of Life and Well-Being in Morocco
Authors: Samlani Zouhour , Lemfadli Yassine , Ait Errami Adil , Oubaha Sofia , Krati Khadija
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The majority of epidemiological reports focus on confirmed cases of COVID-19. In this study, we aim to assess the health and well-being of adults not infected with Covid-19 after two months of quarantine in Morocco. Materials and methods: Two months after the declaration of quarantine in Morocco following the Covid-19 epidemic, we carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study of 279 Moroccan citizens. We used the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) as a determinant of quality of life, which is based on eight dimensions of health. The data were collected using an electronic questionnaire distributed online. The participants also indicated their socio-demographic data, their knowledge and practices regarding the Covid-19 pandemic and whether they had chronic health problems. Results: The quality of life of all participants was moderately disrupted during the Covid-19 pandemic with a mental health score (MCS) of 34.49 (± 6.44) and a physical health score (PCS) of 36.10 (± 5.82). Participants with chronic diseases scored lower with 29.28 (± 1.23) in mental health (MCS) and 32.51 (± 7.14) in physical health (PCS). The seriousness of COVID-19 has an impact on the quality of life and health well-being of people and this impact is more marked in people with chronic health problems. Conclusion: Our results confirm the need to pay attention to the health of people who have not been infected with the virus. Our results also point out that uninfected people with chronic illnesses may be more likely to have well-being problems due to quarantine restrictions.
Yield and Cost Effects of Plot Level Wheat Seed Rates and Seed Recycling Practices in the East Gojam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: Application of the Dose-Response Model
Authors: Eshete Yirgalem , Alamirew Bamlaku , Bishaw Zewdie
Published: March 2021

Previous studies investigated the effects of seed rates and seed recycling practices on the yield and yield related variables. However, higher yield does not always guarantee cost-efficiency. This study aimed at investigating the yield effects of plot-level seed rate along with the cost-benefit analysis of seed recycling practices. This study has introduced the dose-response model to the existing analytical methods used in analyzing the effect of different agrochemicals on crop yield. A multi-stage stratified sampling technique was used to select a total of 450 sample respondents. Data was gathered using a mix of data collection tools. Descriptive statistics along with the dose-response model have been applied for data analysis. Farmers of the study were found to be dissimilar in terms of their seed rate application. The dose-response analysis indicated that the highest average wheat yield has been associated with a seed rate of 50 kg ha-1 above what is recommended. The yield effect of seed recycling has also been assessed and a one-time seed recycling has caused a yield decline of 665 kg ha-1 as compared to the non-recycled seeds. The cost reduced by using recycled seed is by far lower than the economic gains associated with using unrecycled and fresh seeds. The cost-benefit analysis made clear that farmers can reduce their seed costs through seed recycling but their yields and net income can be best improved by using unrecycled CBWS. Thus, farmers must be encouraged to make use of unrecycled seed by establishing agricultural credit schemes geared towards seed procurement and seed price subsidy as key strategies to reduce economically wasteful seed recycling practices.
On the Historical Association between NationalIQ and GDP per Capita
Authors: Dehouche Nassim
Published: March 2021

A remarkable, unquestioned assumption in studies measuring the association between national average Intellectual Quotients (IQ) and Gross Domestic Products (GDP) per capita is that a supposedly immutable genetic factor (IQ) may be correlated with a markedly fluctuant one (the wealth of nations). Using historical GDP per capita data produced by the Maddison project, we find that, over history, the (Pearson productmoment) correlation coefficient (r) between average IQ and GDP per capita is highly variable and ranges from strong negative values to strong positive values. The correlation between national IQ and GDP per capita is thus a snapshot of the world order at some point in time, and historical data allow us to identify several other eras. Moreover, global GDP at any point in time is never difficult to predict in the first place. We show that arbitrary ad-hoc scores based on a country’s continental location present a more significant correlation with contemporary GDP per capita. We conclude this paper by a call to clarify the purpose of IQ studies in Macroeconomics and for the consideration of GDP as a time-series in this line of research.
Psychosocial and Diet-Related Lifestyle Clusters in Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Godoy-Izquierdo Débora , Lara Raquel , Ogallar Adelaida , Rodríguez-Tadeo Alejandra , Ramírez María J. , Navarrón Estefanía , Arbinaga Félix
Published: March 2021

This study explored intraindividual multidimensional profiles integrating psychosocial factors, namely, body image and satisfaction, weight-related self-stigma, positivity, and happiness, and behavioural-lifestyle factors, namely, adherence to a healthy diet, among Spanish adults with overweight or obesity. We further aimed to investigate the association of excess weight (i.e., measured body mass index, BMI) with the abovementioned multidimensional configurations. A convenience sample of adult individuals with excessive weight completed self-reports regarding the study variables, and their weight and height were measured. With a perspective centred on the individual, a cluster analysis established three distinct intraindividual psychosocial and diet-related profiles: a group of healthy individuals with excess weight; a group of individuals who were negatively affected by their excessive weight and showed the most distressed profile; and a group of dysfunctional individuals who seemed to be excessively unrealistic and optimistic regarding their excessive weight and unhealthy lifestyles. Furthermore, individuals in the affected cluster had higher obesity. The results showed that there are specific psychosocial and lifestyle profiles in the adult population with excess weight and that there are relationships among psychological, behavioural, and body-composition factors. For clinical application purposes, it is important to account for the heterogeneity within individuals who are obese.
Evaluation of ((La0.60Sr0.40)0.95Co0.20Fe0.80O3-x)-Ag Composite Anode for Direct Ammonia Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Effect of Pd Impregnation on the Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Rathore Shambhu , Kulkarni Aniruddha P. , Fini Daniel , Giddey Sarbjit , Seeber Aaron
Published: March 2021

Ammonia produced using renewable hydrogen is being viewed as a promising media for the export of energy from locations rich in renewable energy sources. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are efficient devices for converting such exported ammonia back into electricity at the point of use, however investigations on materials and operating regime for direct ammonia fuelled SOFCs are limited. The studies on fuel electrodes tailored specifically for ammonia fuel are limited. In this work, we evaluated the direct ammonia SOFC performance with Silver-Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite (Ag-LSCF) composite anode and a novel Palladium (Pd) nanoparticle decorated Silver-Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite (Pd-Ag-LSCF) composite anode in the temperature range of 500 °C to 800 °C. It is hypothesized that Palladium nanoparticles in the anode provide hydrogen dissolution and shift the ammonia decomposition reaction towards the right. The cell performance was evaluated with both hydrogen and ammonia as fuels and a clear-cut improvement in the performance was observed with the addition of Pd for both the fuels. The results showed a performance enhancement by 20% and 43% with hydrogen and ammonia fuels respectively from the Pd addition of Ag-LSCF anode. Open circuit voltage (OCV) values of the cells with hydrogen and ammonia fuel recorded over the temperature range of 500 °C to 800 °C indicated the possibility of direct electro-oxidation of ammonia in SOFCs.
Predicting Electrokinetic Coupling and Electrical Conductivity in Fractured Media Using a Bundle of Tortuous Capillary Fractures
Authors: Thanh Luong Duy , Jougnot Damien , Do Phan Van , Hue Dang Thi Minh , Thuy Tran Thi Chung , Tuyen Vu Phi
Published: March 2021

The electrokinetics methods have a great potential to characterize hydrogeological processes in geological media, especially in complex hydrosystems such as fractured formations. In this work, we conceptualize fractured media as a bunch of parallel capillary fractures following the fractal size distribution. This conceptualization permits to obtain analytical models for both the electrical conductivity and the electrokinetic coupling in water saturated fractured media. We explore two different approaches to express the electrokinetic coupling. First, we express the streaming potential coupling coefficient as a function of the zeta potential and then we obtain the effective charge density in terms of macroscopic hydraulic and electrokinetic parameters of porous media. We show that when the surface electrical conductivity is negligible, the proposed models reduces to the previously proposed one based on a bundle of cylindrical capillaries. This model opens up a wide range of applications to monitor the water flow in fractured media.
Robustness and Sensitivity Tuning of the Kalman Filter for Speech Enhancement
Authors: Roy Sujan Kumar , Paliwal Kuldip K.
Published: March 2021

The inaccurate estimates of linear prediction coefficient (LPC) and noise variance introduce bias in Kalman filter (KF) gain and degrades speech enhancement performance. The existing methods proposed a tuning of the biased Kalman gain particularly in stationary noise condition. This paper introduces a tuning of the KF gain for speech enhancement in real-life noise conditions. First, we estimate noise from each noisy speech frame using a speech presence probability (SPP) method to compute the noise variance. Then construct a whitening filter (with its coefficients computed from the estimated noise) and employed to the noisy speech, yielding a pre-whitened speech, from where the speech LPC parameters are computed. Then construct KF with the estimated parameters, where the robustness metric offsets the bias in Kalman gain during speech absence to that of the sensitivity metric during speech presence to achieve better noise reduction. Where the noise variance and the speech model parameters are adopted as a speech activity detector. The reduced-biased Kalman gain enables the KF to minimize the noise effect significantly, yielding the enhanced speech. Objective and subjective scores on NOIZEUS corpus demonstrates that the enhanced speech produced by the proposed method exhibits higher quality and intelligibility than some benchmark methods.
Digital Image Processing and Development of Machine Learning Models for the Discrimination of Corneal Pathology: An Experimental Model
Authors: Bustamante-Arias Andres , Cheddad Abbas , Jimenez-Perez Julio Cesar , Rodriguez-Garcia Alejandro
Published: March 2021

Machine learning (ML) has a large capacity to learn and analyze a large volume of data. This study aimed to train different algorithms to discriminate between healthy and pathologic corneal images by evaluating digitally processed spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) corneal images. A set of 22 SD-OCT images belonging to a random set of corneal pathologies was compared to 71 healthy corneas (control group). A binary classification method was applied; three approaches of ML were used. Once all images were analyzed, representative areas from every digital image were also processed and analyzed for a statistical feature comparison between healthy and pathologic corneas. The best performance was obtained from transfer learning - support vector machine (TL-SVM) (AUROC = 0.94, SPE 88%, SEN 100%) and transfer learning – random forest (TL- RF) method (AUROC = 0.92, SPE 84%, SEN 100%), followed by convolutional neural network (CNN) (AUROC = 0.84, SPE 77%, SEN 91%) and random forest (AUROC = 0.77, SPE 60%, SEN 95%). The highest diagnostic accuracy in classifying corneal images was achieved with the TL-SVM and the TL-RF models. In image classification, CNN was a strong predictor. This pilot experimental study developed a systematic mechanized system to discern pathologic from healthy corneas.
Worldlines in the Einstein's Elevator
Authors: Rouaud Mathieu
Published: March 2021

We all have in mind Einstein's famous thought experiment in the elevator where we observe the free fall of a body and then the trajectory of a light ray. Simply here, in addition to the qualitative aspect, we carry out the exact calculation. We consider a uniformly accelerated reference frame in rectilinear translation and we show that the trajectories of the particles are ellipses centered on the horizon of the events. The frame of reference is non-inertial, the space-time is flat, the metric is non-Minkowskian and the computations are performed within the framework of special relativity. The deviation, compared to the classical case, is important close to the horizon, but small in the box, and the interest is above all theoretical and pedagogical. The study helps the student to become familiar with the concepts of metric, coordinate velocity, horizon, and, to do the analogy with the black hole.