bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wearing Research of Modified PTFE Materials in Water Pump Bearing
Authors: Ji Hong , Li Xue Lian , Wang Li , Liu Jun , Peng Chuan Xiao
Published: October 2013

Two kinds of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites PTFE/GF/Gr (sample 1) and PTFE/GF/Gr/Cu (sample 2) were prepared by mixed molding method. X-ray diffraction results show that sample 2 is crystal structure, while sample 1 is amorphous/crystal structure. They were processed into the bearing bushes, which were installed on the water pump bearing to study the influence of different structures on friction properties by rotating bearing. Experimental results reveal that the wearing rate of sample 2 is much higher than that of sample 1. From the optical microscope and SEM analysis of the worn surface, it indicates that the wearing mechanism of sample 1 with amorphous structure is adhesive wearing, while that of sample 2 is abrasive and fatigue wearing mechanism. Our results indicate that the PTFE composition with amorphous matrix can be used to sliding bearings because of its ideal self-lubricating properties.
Analysis of Low Temperature and High Temperature Performance of Different Aggregate SMA
Authors: Ren Peng , Zhang Bo , Wang Ya Qiao , Zhang Lu , Zhao Lin
Published: October 2013

Three kinds of combination schemes were designed about SMA-13 asphalt mixture. They were basalt aggregate SMA, limestone aggregate SMA, basalt and limestone aggregate SMA. Through the study of low temperature and high temperature test of three kinds of combination, the low temperature performance of basalt and limestone aggregate SMA was better than that of the basalt aggregate SMA; and the high temperature performance was in between, thus providing important experimental data for the limestones replacing basalt in SMA pavement.
First-Principles Study of Structural, Electronic and Optical Properties in BaTi0.5Ni0.5O3
Authors: Pan Hong Liang , Yang Shi Liang , Li Teng
Published: October 2013

The pseudo-potential plane wave (PP-PW) mehod with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) is applied to study the electronic and optical properties of BaTi0.5Ni0.5O3. The energy band structure, density of states (DOS) are obtained. The optical properties including the dielectric function, reflectivity, absorption spectrum, extinction coefficient, energy-loss spectrum and refractive index are also calculated and analyzed in detail.
Crystallization Behavior of Polyamide 6 Prepared from a Phenol/Dichloroethane Mixed Solvent
Authors: Lai Yu Ling , Feng Hung Pang , Tung Ching Yeh , Wu Tzu Ming , Shyr Tien Wei
Published: October 2013

In this work, bulk polyamide 6 (PA 6) polymer was dissolved in the mixed solvent of phenol and dichloroethane with a weight ratio of 3:2 as a diluted solution. PA6 films were prepared from the diluted solution with varied polymer concentration. The crystallization and melting behaviors of the PA 6 films were studied using a differential scanning calorimeter. Results show that the ability of crystallization of the PA 6 films was obviously lower than that of the bulk PA 6 polymer. The effect of mixed solvent on the crystallization behavior of the PA 6 films is obvious.
Preparation and Characterization of Bioactive and Magnetic Biphasic Thermo-Seeds Material
Authors: Liu Jian An , Yang Xue Na , Zhang Mei Mei
Published: October 2013

A novel biphasic material has been synthesized from a melt-derived bioactive glass (45S5) and a glass-ceramic obtained from a melt-derived magnetic glass-ceramics for hyperthermia application. The biphasic material obtained from a mixture 1:1 of these components. The phase composition was investigated by XRD. The magnetic property was measured by VSM. The in vitro bioactivity was investigated by simulated body fluid (SBF) soaking experiment. The glass-ceramic shows magnetic behavior and bioactive, useful for hyperthermia.
Structure Characterization of Sintered CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 Glass-Ceramic Reinforced with Spodumene
Authors: Xiao Zi Fan , Cheng Jin Shu , Xie Jun
Published: October 2013

A glass-ceramic belonging to the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2(CAS) system with different composition of spodumene and doping the Li2O with amount between 0~2.5 % (mass fraction) were prepared by onestage heat treatment, under sintering and crystallization temperature at 1120 °C for two hours. In this paper, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry and bending strength test were employed to investigate the microstructure and properties of all samples. β-wollastonite crystals were identified as the major crystalline phases, and increasing Li2O was found to be benefit for the crystallization and tiny crystalline phases remelting, resulting in the content of major crystalline phases increased first and then decreased with increasing the expense of spodumene. Meanwhile, the crystal size can be positively related with the content of Li2O. The preferable admixed dosage of spodumene can be obtained, besides the strength of glass-ceramics can be more than 90 MPa.
Toward the High-Quality Graphene for Optoelectronic Applications by Optimization of the Growth and Transfer Parameters
Authors: Wang Lang , Zhang Jian Hua , Yang Lian Qiao
Published: October 2013

In this paper, the process parameters of graphene during fabrication and transfer are investigated. Cu is utilized as the substrate and chemical vapor deposition are used to obtain graphene. The results show that, the surface condition of the Cu substrate tends to be worse than as-received after a relatively higher temperature (1035°C) annealing and growth process, which lead to bad graphene quality. In addition, pre-treatment of Cu substrate by acetic acid is helpful to reduce the nucleation sites. Reflow process before PMMA etching is an effective method to eliminate the wrinkles formed during transfer. High-quality graphene for optoelectronic applications were obtained based on the optimized fabrication and transfer process.
Application of Rare Earth Elements in the Study of Oil-Source Correlation in the Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Xiang Xiao Jun , Jiao Wei Wei , Cheng Li Jun , Zhao Yue
Published: October 2013

Oil-source correlation is the key to trace hydrocarbon accumulation process and predict reservoir position. Under the complicated accumulation conditions, multiplicity of traditional organic geochemistry index takes great difficulty to detail oil-source correlation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to try a new way to investigate hydrocarbon accumulation. Fingerprint of trace elements was was used to oil-source correlation in this paper. Its applicability was discussed in Tazhong Area in Tarim Basin, which was the typical complex superimposed basin in west China. The result indicated that crude oil from the Ordovician in Tazhong Area was characterized by mixed sources. The contributions of individual sources differed from formation to formation and from block to block. The study result is consistent with that of traditional organic geochemistry analysis. Application of trace elements as indicators is an effective method to oil-source correlation under the complicated conditions.
Preparation and Characterization of Quaternary TiZrMnFe Gettering Compound
Authors: Wang Shu Qiu , Zeng Fan Hao , Song Jiang Feng , Tan Xiao Fen , Li Lin Wei
Published: October 2013

The quaternary TixZr1-xMnFe gettering alloys (x =0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) were synthesized successfully by arc melting and their phase structures along with microstructures had been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It showed that the addition of Ti did not change the phase structure of ZrMnFe of C14 laves phase. XRD results showed that Ti successfully replaced part of the Zr and the decrease of interplanar spacing had a linear relationship with the increase of Ti content. The success of this trial preparation provides reference for nuclear industry gettering materials.
Characteristic Analysis on Suppressing VFTO in GIS by Ferrite
Authors: Gan Xiang Gen , Zhong Shui Ping , Wei Sheng , Yang Dong Bao
Published: October 2013

When disconnecting switches were operated,Very Fast Transient Overvoltage (VFTO) did great harm to power systems and their equipments in Gas Insulated Substations (GIS). Although VFTO can be suppressed by a few of known methods, there were some problems. Low voltage simulation tests show that putting ferrite rings around a disconnecting generatrix can damp traveling wave propagation and suppress VFTO in GIS. This method is economic and practical. We had analyzed ferrite characteristics of suppressing VFTO and got hold of ways of calculating ferrite size in GIS. Investigation shows that ferrite characteristics and sizes have a great effect on suppressing VFTO.
Preparation of Superhydrophobic Surface on Copper Foils by a Facile Method
Authors: Yuan Zhi Qing , Wang Xian , Bing Ji Ping , Wang Meng Lei , Huang Juan
Published: October 2013

In the paper, we prepared superhydrophobic surfaces on copper foils via a facile solution-immersing method. The influence of experiment conditions, such as solution concentration, immersing time and temperature, on the surface structure is investigated in detail. When the concentration of stearic acid-ethanol solution, the immersing time and the temperature are 2 g/L, 120 min and 40°,respectively, the resulting copper surface possesses great superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of up to 159° and a sliding angle of only 3°.
Investigation of 2024 Aluminum Alloy Flange Semi-Solid Thixoforging by Changing Cavity
Authors: Du Zhi Ming , Liu Jun , Niu Jia Hong , Zhao Wang Qi , Cong Sen
Published: October 2013

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 2024 aluminum alloy flange semi-solid thixoforging by changing cavity was investigated. Theoretical calculation and forming test were adopted to study the preparation of flange. It is concluded that the influence factors of forming limit of flanges are radical load P, friction τ and thickness t by theoretical calculation. The results show that it is uniform in the process of forming. Microstructure and mechanical properties of flange have been improved significantly with the increase of the radical load. Way of variable cavity realized the real plastic deformation, which results in high mechanical properties of flange. The flange could obtain fine microstructure with grain sizes of 20~30μm, tensile strength of 433MPa and elongation of 10.1%, with changing amount of 30MPa. The results indicate that the microstructure and mechanical properties could achieve forging requirement and be controlled using changing cavity.
The Mechanism Study of Sewage Scaling in Gas Filed Containing H2S
Authors: Long Xue Yuan , Ding Chong Fei
Published: October 2013

Sewage Scaling in the process of sewage transfer in gas field containing hydrogen sulfide is one of the major problems in the gas field production. So to study the scaling mechanism of sewage containing hydrogen sulfide is necessary and can provide thought for antiscale of transfer pipelines. The study shows that as a result of the corrosion effect of hydrogen sulfide, it makes increases of roughness in the pipe inner surface and increases of small particles in the sewage, promotes crystallization of the scale crystal, and changes the structure and size of the scale crystal. The slow oxidation of hydrogen sulfide produces elemental sulfur particles, promotes the crystallization of more scale crystals, and increases the amount of scale formation. The changes of pH value in the sewage change the concentration of hydrogen sulfide ions in sewage containing hydrogen sulfide, change the sewage corrosion, and thus change the composition of sewage scaling. Under the condition of containing hydrogen sulfide, sewage presents the characteristic of corrosion first and scaling later,then corrosion promotes the scaling, and the scale contains more corrosion products.
The Study of Catalytic Oxidation of NOx Using Mn3O4/GO/PMS
Authors: Sun Xiu Zhi , Li Deng Xin
Published: October 2013

The catalytic oxidation of NOx from waste gas was investigated using advanced oxidation process based on sulfate radicals. The manganese oxide immobilized on graphene oxide (GO) can activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the oxidation of NOx in water. The Mn3O4/GO catalyst system exhibited efficient activity for NOx oxidation when the Mn3O4/GO catalyst loaded an optimum Mn3O4. In addition, 52.28% oxidation could be achieved within 60 min with 0.25 mM catalyst, and 2 mM PMS. Therefore, the results may have significant technical implication for utilizing Mn2+/PMS to oxidize NOx for offgas treatment.
Effects of Catalyst on the Transmittance and Stability of SiO2 Antireflective Film Prepared by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Peng Kun , Chen E. , Zhou Ling Ping , Zhu Jia Jun , Li De Yi
Published: October 2013

SiO2 antireflective films were prepared by sol-gel method with TEOS as the raw materials and acid or ammonia as catalyst. The effects of different catalysts on the transmittance and the stability of film were investigated. The prepared base catalyzed SiO2 film has better antireflective effects than that of film acid catalyzed film, but the corrosion-resistance of SiO2 film catalyzed by acid was better than that of film catalyzed by base, the average transmittance in the range of 400-900nm of acid-catalyzed film after 50h salt spray test was about 93.8%, which was higher than that of base-catalyzed film.
Photostability of Monoazo Disperse Dyes in Different Solvents
Authors: Ittarat Narumol , Suwanruji Potjanart , Karpkird Thitinun , Setthayanond Jantip
Published: October 2013

Twelve monoazo disperse dyes were synthesized and then characterized by melting point (m.p.) measurement, elemental analysis and1H-NMR. The photostability of monoazo disperse dyes in solvents with different polarities was evaluated thereafter the dyes in each solvent were irradiated with visible light for 8 hours. The percentage of photostability of the dye decreased from the initial value in the range of 5-10%. The photostability was affected by the substituted group of the dyes regardless of the solvent used. Different R1group on the diazo component increased the photostability in order of H˃CN˃Cl. The photostability of the dye was also higher when R2group on the coupling component was a methyl group.
Methanol Conversion to Propylene over Mo-HZSM-5 Zeolite
Authors: Zhang Hai Rong , Liu Hong Yan , Jiang Yu , Chang Xiao Hua , Yuan Kai , Wang Bo , Guo Yong , Meng Shuang Ming
Published: October 2013

A series of Mo-ZSM-5 zeolites have been synthesized by in site hydrothermal method and their catalytic performance for methanol conversion to propylene was tested in a fixed bed reaction at WHSV=4 h-1, pressure of 1 atm, and MeOH/H2O (mol) ratio of 1. The effect of Mo and Al content on the structure and acidity of Mo-ZSM-5 zeolites were characterized by nitrogen adsorption and NH3-TPD. The results showed that Mo incorporation gradually decreased the BET surface area and weaken the strong acidity on the surface of the zeolites. At 470 °C, the maximum selectivity of propylene and the P/E (Propylene to Ethane) ratio were achieved 45.04 % and 7.30, which were higher than those over Mo free HZSM-5 by 4.12% and 3.47, respectively. Mo-ZSM-5 zeolites are promising catalysts for methanol conversion to propylene with a high P/E.
Crystal Structure of Biammonium Hexamolybdonickelate (II) Hydrate, (NH4)2(NiMo6O24)(H3O)6
Authors: Liu Hai Xing , Liu Qing , Fan Quan Hua , Zhang Xiao Ping , Wang Lin Tong , Ye Kai Qi , Zeng Guang
Published: October 2013

A novel Ni metal complex H26Mo6N2NiO30has been synthesized from hydrothermal reaction and the crystal structure has been determined by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. H26Mo6N2NiO30, Monoclinic, P2(1)/c. a = 11.3487(14) Å, b = 11.0823(13) Å, c = 11.9350(16) Å. alpha=gamma= 90°. beta= 108.542(2)°. V= 1423.1(3) Å3. It is also striking that the structure of title compound exhibits extensive hydrogen-bonding interactions among water molecules, ammonium cation, and oxygen atoms in the heteropolyanion.
Structure and Properties of TiAlLaN Coatings Deposited at Various Ar/N2 Flow Ratio Using a Mid-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering System
Authors: Du Hao , Zhao Hai Bo , Xiong Ji , Wang Lin Lin , Xian Guang
Published: October 2013

TiAlLaN coatings were deposited on the cemented carbide substrates by mid-frequency magnetron sputtering system. The effects of Ar/N2 flow ratio on the composition, structure, adhesion and hardness followed with elastic modulus and H/E ratio were investigated systematically. Results indicate that all the Ti/Al ratios of the coatings were higher than that of the Ti/Al ratio in the target; however, the Ti/Al ratio increased with the Ar/N2 flow ratio changed. XRD patterns show that the intensity of (111) peak was elevated with the Ar/N2 flow ratio increased. Meanwhile, the peak shifted to lower angles, which implied increases of the lattice parameter. The TiAlLaN coating under the Ar/N2 flow ratio of 3:1 showed the best adhesion, the highest hardness and the lowest H/E ratio which indicated perfect wear resistance.
Effects of Tribo-Couple and Environmental Medium on the Tribological Properties of the Graphite/CaF2/TiC/Ni-Base Alloy Composite Coating
Authors: Cai Bin , Li Hua Bing , Tan Ye Fa , Li Hong Wei , Jing Qi Feng , Zhang Zhong Wei
Published: October 2013

The graphite/CaF2/TiC/Ni-base alloy composite coating was prepared on the surface of 45 carbon steel by plasma spray. Effects of loads, friction counterparts and lubricants on the tribological properties of the composite coating were investigated. The results show that the wear rate of the GCTN composite coating against Si3N4is 0.67×10-3mm3/m, which is about 2 times that against GCr15 steel, because Si3N4induces micro-cutting wear of the composite coating. Water and NaCl solution may induce increasing of friction coefficients and wear rates. Especially, wear rate of the GCTN composite coating in NaCl solution is increased by 3.1 times compared with those under dry sliding and water. The GCTN composite coating presents better anti-wear property than Ni-base alloy coating in different environmental mediums.
The Study of Stability of Tungsten Plug CMP Slurry for IC Multilevel Interconnect
Authors: Jia Ying Qian , Niu Xin Huan , Li Li , Li Ning
Published: October 2013

With the developing of integrated circuit(IC) technique, improving of integration level, reducing of feature size and increasing the wafer size, the stringent requirements for global planarization during IC fabrication are raised. During chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) of multilevel interconnect for IC, there are obvious influence of the polishing quality on performances of the device．CMP slurry is one of the important factors of influencing the polishing quality. In this work, the stability of tungsten plug CMP slurry for IC multilevel interconnect was studied. Through experiment, interaction between the components in the CMP slurry was analyzed, and stable slurry with optimized polishing parameters to achieve higher removal rate were defined．
Extra-Lightweight No-Fines Cellular Concrete – Use for Non-Structural Material
Authors: Chang Ching Jung , Chang Yung Chen
Published: October 2013

Overexploitation has led to the destruction of resources and endangered ecological environments. Therefore, research for renewable material has become more important in the construction industry. This study used sintered lightweight aggregate made of clay to replace the coarse and fine aggregate and processed aluminum-wastage to make the foaming agents for cement, producing a brand-new extra-lightweight expanded no-fines cellular concrete. The cellular concrete not only utilizes recycled materials, but also produces an environment-friendly, green building material. Validated throughout the experiment, the cellular concrete may provide functions such as fire protection, thermal resistance, and acoustic absorption when used as non-structural material. This paper attempts to evaluate the basic physical properties of cellular concrete by different water/cement ratio (W/C) and agent/cement (A/C) ratio for the coefficients of expansion, compression strengths, and the thermal conductivity.
The Analysis of the Adhesion between Limestone, Basalt and Asphalt
Authors: Ren Peng , Zhao Xiao Jun , Ren Yi Qing , Zhang Bo , Du Qiang
Published: October 2013

Abstract: During material performance test, it can be seen that the results of 3min water-boiling adhesion experiments of limestone and basalt, in accordance with testing regulations [1], are both fifth grade, without any difference. Through the analysis of microstructure and chemical composition of limestone and basalt, it is found that huge difference exists between limestone and basalt, hence it can be conjectured that their adhesion should be different from that of asphalt. In order to further validate the difference degree of this feature of limestone and basalt, the paper, based on testing regulations, prolongs boiling time in experiment and conducts freezing-thawing cycle for the acceleration of exfoliation of asphalt membrane, aiming to conclude the result that the adhesion between limestone and asphalt is better than that between basalt and asphalt. In this way, solid basis is provided for limestone to replace basalt on the construction of SMA road surface.
Research on Flexural Behavior of Damaged RC Beams Strengthened with Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer
Authors: Wang Hai Liang , Yuan Xing Long
Published: October 2013

The experiment study on flexural behavior was carried out on six damaged RC beams strengthened by BFRP and two common beams by the way of three point loading method. The failure characteristics, flexural capacity, deflection, strain distribution and the influence of the different layers of BFRP was observed and analyzed. Results show that the bearing capacity of the damaged RC beams strengthened with BFRP is enhanced with the layers increasing, and the relationship is not linear; the bearing capacity of the specimen increased by 79.98% when five layers are pasted; with the increase of paste layers of BFRP, the peel failure mode is more likely to occur.
Summary of Fatigue Life Research Method on Rubber Components
Authors: Wang Ming Qi , Du Xiu Hua , Song Yu Jie , Wang Bai Zhong
Published: October 2013

This paper summarizes the rubber component's fatigue life research methods, mainly includes the crack nucleation method, the crack propagation method and the S-N curve method, sums up the these methods from different angels of fatigue life, and various methods based on the choices are given; Based on the working conditions and fatigue failure evaluation criteria to choose the appropriate design calculation method, in order to achieve relatively accurate results of fatigue life prediction and simplify the calculation, and separately summarized FEM used in the rubber fatigue life on the application and progress in the recent stage.
Facile Preparation of the Single Crystalline In2S3 Nanosheets with Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Yin Hao Yong , Tang Jun Hong , Yan Chun Jie , Nie Qiu Lin , Wu Dan , Wang Qiao Yi
Published: October 2013

The single crystalline In2S3 nanosheets with highly efficient photocatalytic activity have been controllably synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process without adding any surfactant. The morphologies of the nanosheets were characterized by SEM and TEM. The results show the diameter of the nanosheets ranges from 100nm to 400nm. The photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange on the catalyst shows it has much higher photoactivity than that of nanoTiO2 which means it may be more capable to be used as photocatalyst in decomposition of organic pollutants.
Impact of Sample Preparation on Determination of Hydrogen Content in TC4 Titanium Alloys
Authors: Cao Zhen Hua , Feng Yong Qin
Published: October 2013

Impact of sample preparation on determination of hydrogen content in TC4 titanium alloys is studied through the experimental test method which was developed according to ASTM E 1447-2009. The simulation of the heating process in sample preparation process verifies the slight warming (60°C ~ 80 °C) will affect the test result of hydrogen content in TC4 titanium alloys. The heating process makes the result be lower than the actual content.
A Hypervelocity Impact Facilities Based on Double-Barreled Two-Stage Light Gas Gun
Authors: Yin Jun , Yang Yu Wang , Hu Xia Yun , Yong Cheng Cheng
Published: October 2013

For almost all materials the hypervelocity regime has been reached when the impact speed above 2 km/s. A double-barreled two-stage light gas gun (TSLGG) system used for the hypervelocity impact tests is described. The proposed TSLGG can accelerate 50 g projectile masses up to velocities of 2.2 km/s. The craters produced with this equipment reach a diameter of up to 20 cm, a size unique in laboratory cratering research. The experiment results show our TSLGG system work effectively, velocity of the projectile mass is measured highly accurate by means of the proposed optical method.
Study on the Effect of Homemade Welding Wire Contaning Ni, Cr Elements on the Weldability of Industrial Pure Aluminum
Authors: Zhao Yan Hong , Gao Liang Jun , Sun Yong , Song Wen Dong
Published: October 2013

Industrial pure aluminum has been widely used in industry. However, it caused great difficulties in welding process due to its characteristics such as easy oxidation, high thermal conductivity and specific volume, low melting point. In order to overcome this problem, improving the welding quality of industrial pure and reducing the welding defects is of great significance. In this paper, the weldability of 1050A industrial pure aluminum plate (5 mm thick) with HS331, SAl-2, 1050A leftover materials and homemade welding wire with Ni-Cr alloy as four different filler materials was studied by using manual TIG welding. Metallographic test and mechanical performance test were used to assess microstructure and mechanical properties of the resulting welding joint. The results show that the microstructure and mechanical properties of the resulting welding joint with homemade welding wire with Ni-Cr alloy is relatively better than the others, which offers important implication for the improvement of the welding properties of industrial pure aluminum.
Synthesis and Characterization of P (AAEA-Co-Aa)-PVP-PEG/Gold Nanoparticle Composite Hydrogel with Pore and Semi-Interpenetration Structure
Authors: Li Kun Lu , Lin Song Bai , Chen Ru Pan , Li Yun Long , Li Da Gang
Published: October 2013

A semi-interpenetrating network hydrogel with pore structure (P-S-IPN) was prepared by solution polymerization with 4-acetyl acryloyl ethyl acetate (AAEA) and crylic acid (AA) as monomers, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the second network and polyving akohol 2000(PEG2000) as a pore-foaming agent. Gold nanoparticle composite hydrogel (GNPs gel) was obtained through in-situ reduction reaction by using P-S-IPN as a template. P-S-IPN exhibits excellent mechanical strength, the maximum compressive strength is 14.0 Mpa. The influence of the dosage of PEG2000 on the swelling/deswelling properties of P-S-IPN and GNPs gel was investigated. The pore structures could shorten the time that P-S-IPN takes to reach swelling equilibrium from 170min to 75min, improve the ability of P-S-IPN to absorb AuCl4-. The swelling/deswelling properties of GNPs gel under an applied voltage showed when the concentration of NaCl solutions exceed 0.025mol/L, the hydrogel swells, when the concentration of NaCl solutions is below 0.025mol/L, it deswells.
A Research of Electromagnetic Tomography Based on Different Parameters
Authors: Sun Jing , Shao Fun Qun
Published: October 2013

Electromagnetic tomography (EMT) is a recent imaging technique. Its purpose is to determine the distribution of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability in a given region of interest. EMT is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. This distribution is computed from the measurements of the induced voltages at several coils placed around the region which are produced by the application of different excitation patterns . Usually images are obtained through inversion of the projection data. The paper represents a fundamental investigation of the potential of using electromagnetic measurements for industrial tomography application. This paper concentrates on image reconstruction of either electrically conducting material or magnetically permeable materials. Finally a number of potential industrial applications for the EMT technique are discussed.
Design and Implement of High-Accuracy On-Line Metal Thickness Measuring Instrument Based on NiosII Processor
Authors: Yang Shou Liang , Yang Bao Liang
Published: October 2013

The paper proposes a new design of high-accuracy On-line Metal Thickness Measuring Instrument, which was based on EP2C20 series FPGA chip, through adding NiosII soft processor and other interfaces to FPGA, equipped with high precision data collection system and TFT LCD module and so on. The key hardware blocks schematics and components of the RC Oscillation Circuit,eddy current sensor Circuit,rectifier and filter Circuit,A/D converting circuit,FPGA Circuit are described,software flow charts and sample codes are given. According to practice, The measurement range of this system is 1~100 mm and the resolving power is 0.1 μm. degree of linearity is 1%, The system has many features including small volume of hardware, low cost, high detecting precision, convenient operating, high intelligent and so on, leading to broad and bright future.
Key words: NiosII processor; eddy current sensor; metal thickness
New Monitoring System of Firebrick Lining Deterioration of Blast Furnace Devil in Metallurgical Plants of China
Authors: Dmitriev Andrey N. , Chesnokov Yu.A. , Chen K. , Ivanov O. Yu. , Zolotykh M.O.
Published: October 2013

The mathematical description and the computer program Devil Erosion of calculation the two-dimensional temperature fields in any vertical and horizontal section of the blast furnace hearth are developed. Calculation is carry out the decision of the equations of heat conductivity with use of indications of the big number of sensing transducers of temperature (to 1000), built in the furnaces firebrick lining between the firebrick blocks. The continuous control of the temperature change in each point allows to define the remained thickness the firebrick lining and to warn, in case of need, the furnace personnel about the beginning of the firebrick lining erosion. The continuous control of change of temperature in the firebrick lining is made on the basis of mathematical model. The system of collecting, processing and transfer information from sensing transducers of temperature or thermal streams in a program database Devil Erosion is used. Programs are installed on blast furnaces of Chinese National Republic: Jinan, Jiyuan and Liuzhou Iron and Steel Works.
Application of Data Mining in the Forecasting of Railway Passenger Flow
Authors: Zheng Dan , Wang Yao , Tang Peng Zhi , Wu Yan Ping
Published: October 2013

This paper through studying the theory of data warehouse and data mining, applies these technologies to deal with the large number data in the Ticket Selling and Reserving System of Chinese Railway (TRS), uses the effective data mining to the passenger flow analysis, builds up the logical forecasting and analysis model. This paper firstly discusses the current situation and problems faced by forecasting of passenger flow, then applies the data warehouse technology to design the data mart of this subject. Next, samples and analyses this data which collecting in data mart adopting neural network method, builds data analysis model carrying out research and the experiment, finally puts forward a feasible forecast model for the passenger flow forecasting.
Modelling of Power Transmission Systems for Design Optimization and Diagnostics of Gear in Operational Conditions
Authors: Peruń Grzegorz , Łazarz Bogusław
Published: October 2013

This article presents the author's dynamic model of power circulating gear test stand. It was assumed, that properly defined and next identified model can be used to analyze dynamic phenomena in meshing and bearings of gears and allows optimizing their construction, especially to minimize their vibroactivity. The article includes description of the construction of a test-stand, as well as short characteristic of the dynamic model. Afterwards it was presented verification, whether the model was correctly fine tuned. For verification purpose, were conducted laboratory measurements of velocity of transversal vibrations at the test-stand using laser vibrometer. Results of laboratory examinations were compared with the results achieved during computer simulation. Developed and presented dynamic model take into account a number of design, technological and operational parameters of gear. It was also presented algorithm of researches aimed at minimizing the vibroactivity of gear.
Simulating the Impact of Exposure to Corrosive Medium on Cracking Initiation in AW7020M Alloy Specimens
Authors: Jurczak Wojciech , Szturomski Bogdan
Published: October 2013

An influence of depth of the pits resulting from exposure to corrosive medium on the initiation of stress corrosion cracking process of AW 7020M (Rm=430MPa) alloy has been presented in the paper. The samples were subjected to several weeks of exposure to the solution simulating seawater, which resulted in uniform surface corrosion with the pits of depth from 30 to 100 μm. These samples were then subjected to a tensile test to determine their new properties (after the exposure). The tests have shown that the initiation of neck and cracking spot do not always coincide with the location of pits. The aim of this study was to estimate the minimum depth of pitting under the assumed shape, resulting in the initiation of cracking during the tensile test, using numerical simulations with the CAE software. The paper presents simulation results for the samples made of AW-7020 alloy of 3.75 mm thickness.
Visualization of the Parameters and Changes of Signals Controlling the Operation of Common Rail Injectors
Authors: Wierzbicki Sławomir , Śmieja Michał
Published: October 2013

The electromagnetic injector in the Common Rail system is the actuator directly responsible for fuel injection. Its proper operation is enabled by ensuring appropriately shaped changes of the electric signal worked out by the output stage of the controller. This paper determines the repeatability of the control signal and the possibility of using this signal for the diagnostics of the electrical part of the injector.
Automatically Controlled Anti-Collision Manoeuvre and its Numerical Simulation with Disturbances
Authors: Graffstein Jerzy
Published: October 2013

The article presents the discussion focused on specific features of the problem of flying objects motion when performing an example of anti collision manoeuvre. To realise this task, the structure of automatic control system with appropriate control laws are proposed. The nature of discussed manoeuvre needs the appropriate numerical method for computing desired values of state variables for subsequent phases of objects motion. These values are obtained adequately for their roles in several phases of motion. Numerical simulations are completed for the aircraft performing the anti collision manoeuvre consisted in abrupt change of yaw. Objects behaviour was tested in case of motion affected by disturbances. The analysis of results obtained by numerical simulations makes possible conclusions on stability of objects motion and control system robustness to assumed kind and level of disturbances.
System Architecture of Mission Planning and Autonomous Surface Vessel Control
Authors: Kitowski Zygmunt
Published: October 2013

The paper presents system architecture of mission planning and autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) "Edredon" control. The modular structure of the system makes possible realization of many tasks related to an ASV management. Due to appropriate configuration of its modules, it can perform such tasks as: mission planning on the command post, autonomous control of an ASV, as well as to serve as a training simulator for operators training and a simulator for ASVs control algorithms evaluation.
The Comparison of Parameter Identification Methods for Fractional, Partial Differential Equation
Authors: Obrączka Anna , Mitkowski Wojciech
Published: October 2013

In this paper the parameter identification methods for nonlinear models were compared for fractional, partial differential equation. The compared three methods are: the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, the Gauss-Newton algorithm and Nelder-Mead Simplex method. The series of numerical experiments were performed to test their robustness and calculation speed. The result of this tests were presented and described.
The Construction of a Biomimetic Mobile Underwater Robot
Authors: Giergiel Mariusz , Buratowski Tomasz , Niestój Piotr , Wacławski Michał
Published: October 2013

This article presents the concept and construction of a mobile underwater robot. The robot is designed to work on battery power (cordless) and its movement systems is design after fish locomotion. The robot is propelled using fins which allow it to emerge submerge and move in a water environment. The robot is controlled using a remote control panel which communicates with the main control unit inside the robot
Dynamic Loads in a Model of the Two-Stage Gears by Varying Stiffness of the Countershaft
Authors: Dyk Jarosław
Published: October 2013

Modelling of the dynamic behaviour of multi-staged gears by use of the discrete models can be carry out effectively for shafts having sufficiently high bending stiffness. In this report there have been examined the models of the two-stage gear considering influence of the intermediate shaft (countershaft) on the dynamic loads in both stages particularly. The model has a description of the meshing gears with clearance and technological imperfection of the wheels.
Experimental Studies of Direct Cooperation of PEM Fuel Cells and Secondary Batteries
Authors: Polak Adam
Published: October 2013

Fuel cells and secondary batteries have both some disadvantages and advantages. However, looking closer at their characteristics, it can be concluded that in various aspects fuel cells and secondary batteries complement each other. Thus, combining these different electric energy sources to make one hybrid electricity source would allow using advantages of both sources and eliminating their disadvantages. In this article there are presented a comparative characteristic of PEM fuel cells and secondary batteries, their configuration of cooperation, and experimental results of their direct cooperation.
Analysis of Possibilities of Using Membrane Electrolyser in a Closed-Circuit Power Supply System
Authors: Grzeczka Grzegorz
Published: October 2013

The issue of using hydrogen as an energy source of the future raises greater and greater interest and lively discussions. Frequently, leaving aside complexity of the problem, these discussions focus exclusively on fragmentary analyses. This presentation is a description of practical and comprehensive assessment of an actual efficiency of a system using hydrogen for supplying energy in mobile arrangements of a power in the region of a dozen watts. In our discussion, emphasis was placed on the analysis of advantages and disadvantages taking into consideration all these aspects that are necessary for the correct and safe operation of the system.
Modelling of Diving Apparatus Breathing Loop Ventilation
Authors: Kłos Ryszard
Published: October 2013

The article is based on hypothesis that it is possible to establish the adequate joined mathematical model for ventilation of breathing space (for assessing of artificial breathing mixture real composition) and human decompression after breathing artificial hyperbaric atmosphere. In the effect of establishing mathematical model give the chance to understand gas exchange in human body exposed to pressure. It makes possible to plane extreme hyperbaric expositions (e.g. military special operations) and stimulates progress in the field of anaesthesiology. There is presented scientific project proposal.
Substrate-Induced Protein Stabilization Reveals a Predominant Contribution from Mature Proteins to Peptides Presented on MHC Class I
Authors: Colbert Jeff D. , Farfán-Arribas Diego J. , Rock Kenneth L.
Published: October 2013

The origin of the MHC class I–presented peptides are thought to be primarily from newly synthesized but defective proteins, termed defective ribosomal products. Most of the data supporting this concept come from studies in which inhibitors of protein synthesis were found to rapidly block Ag presentation even when cells contained a pool of mature proteins. However, these data only indirectly address the origin of presented peptides, and in most studies, the contribution of mature functional proteins to the class I peptide pool has not been directly quantified. In this report, we address the efficiency and contribution of mature proteins using a tetracycline-inducible system to express Ags that are conditionally stabilized upon ligand binding. This system circumvents the use of general inhibitors of protein synthesis to control Ag expression. Moreover, by controlling Ag stabilization, we could investigate whether the degradation of mature Ags contributed to Ag presentation at early and/or late time points. We show that mature proteins are the major contributor of peptides presented on class I for two distinct antigenic constructs. Furthermore, our data show that the protein synthesis inhibitors used previously to test the contribution of defective proteins actually block Ag presentation in ways that are independent from blocking Ag synthesis. These data suggest that for the constructs we have analyzed, mature functional proteins, rather than defective ribosomal products, are the predominant source of MHC class I–presented peptides.
Heteromeric Complexes of Native Collectin Kidney 1 and Collectin Liver 1 Are Found in the Circulation with MASPs and Activate the Complement System
Authors: Henriksen Maiken L. , Brandt Jette , Andrieu Jean-Piere , Nielsen Christian , Jensen Pia H. , Holmskov Uffe , Jorgensen Thomas J. D. , Palarasah Yaseelan , Thielens Nicole M. , Hansen Soren
Published: October 2013

The complement system is an important part of the innate immune system. The complement cascade may be initiated downstream of the lectin activation pathway upon binding of mannan-binding lectin, ficolins, or collectin kidney 1 (CL-K1, alias CL-11) to suitable microbial patterns consisting of carbohydrates or acetylated molecules. During purification and characterization of native CL-K1 from plasma, we observed that collectin liver 1 (CL-L1) was copurified. Based on deglycosylation and nonreduced/reduced two-dimensional SDS-PAGE, we detected CL-K1 and CL-L1 in disulfide bridge-stabilized complexes. Heteromeric complex formation in plasma was further shown by ELISA and transient coexpression. Judging from the migration pattern on two-dimensional SDS-PAGE, the majority of plasma CL-K1 was found in complex with CL-L1. The ratio of this complex was in favor of CL-K1, suggesting that a heteromeric subunit is composed of one CL-L1 and two CL-K1 polypeptide chains. We found that the complex bound to mannan-binding lectin–associated serine proteases (MASPs) with affinities in the nM range in vitro and was associated with both MASP-1/-3 and MASP-2 in plasma. Upon binding to mannan or DNA in the presence of MASP-2, the CL-L1–CL-K1 complex mediated deposition of C4b. In favor of large oligomers, the activity of the complex was partly determined by the oligomeric size, which may be influenced by an alternatively spliced variant of CL-K1. The activity of the native heteromeric complexes was superior to that of recombinant CL-K1. We conclude that CL-K1 exists in circulation in the form of heteromeric complexes with CL-L1 that interact with MASPs and can mediate complement activation.
Impact of a single educational session on oral hygiene practices among children of a primary school of Meerut, India
Authors: Parashar Pawan , Ahmad Sartaj , Khan Amir Maroof , Tiwari Rupesh
Published: October 2013

Oral health promotion through schools is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for improving knowledge, attitude, and behavior related to oral health and for prevention and control of dental diseases among school children. In low resource settings, it is important to develop evidence for health education methods in oral health behavioral practices. The objectives of this study were to assess both the baseline awareness and practices regarding oral hygiene and the impact of a single education session on the change in oral health behavior. A school based, cross-sectional study on 112 primary school children was conducted after obtaining the consent of the school authorities and parents. A pretested, structured proforma was used for baseline awareness and behavior regarding oral health. A 30 min educational session was imparted and after 1 month, and the oral health practices were reassessed to find out the impact of the education session. Baseline survey revealed the following findings. Self-reported dental problems were found in 48.22% of the children in the last 6 months. When asked about the risk factors for dental problems, 28.57% mentioned eating sweets followed by improper brushing, whereas 40.17% were not aware about any risk factor for dental problems. It was found that 28.57% of the children did not brush their teeth regularly, whereas 35.71% used a tooth-brush for brushing their teeth. After the intervention, it was observed that there was a significant improvement in the proportion of children using a toothbrush for cleaning their teeth and of those who rinsed their mouth after meals. In conclusion, even a single education session was found to be effective in bringing about a change in the oral health behavior of primary school children.
The effects of greening the supplier and innovation on environmental performance and competitive advantage
Authors: Van den Berg Unine , Labuschagne Jean-Pierre , Van den Berg Hugo
Published: October 2013

Companies in South Africa should realise the important influence of greening their suppliers and of innovation to achieve environmental goals and competitive advantages. In order to prove this, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 75 companies from 11 industries in the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality region, South Africa. A confirmatory factor analysis was done, followed by bivariate correlations to determine the strength of association between the latent constructs. Correlations between greening the supplier, innovation, environmental performance and competitive advantages were done. The research found that a green innovative process had a significant effect on environmental performance. Green managerial innovation further had a significant correlation with competitive advantage. The primary result of the study indicated that all the constructs positively related to each other, meaning that greening suppliers, by means of green innovation, leads to an enhanced environmental performance and to competitive advantages.