bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The representativeness of neighbourhood associations in Toronto and Vancouver
Authors: Moore Aaron A , McGregor R Michael
Published: November 2020

Neighbourhood associations are major players in urban politics throughout North American cities and increasingly are becoming a political force in other parts of the world. However, while there is a rich and well-developed literature on the role played by neighbourhood associations in urban politics, few studies examine whether their membership reflects the socio-demographic composition and interests of the broader public. This paper addresses this gap in the literature using survey data from voters conducted during the Vancouver and Toronto 2018 municipal elections. We compare the responses of participants who identify as members of neighbourhood associations (or their equivalents) with those of the broader voting public. We find that members of neighbourhood associations in both cities are not representative of the broader population. They are more likely to be white, older and have higher education than the average voter. In addition, while the ideology of neighbourhood association members differs little from that of the broader public, their policy priorities are different from those of the majority of voters in both cities. Our findings suggest that neighbourhood associations fail in providing descriptive representation and may not offer substantive representation. These findings raise important questions about the role of neighbourhood associations in local governance. Our study also demonstrates the merit of using individual-level surveys to learn more about the composition and policy preferences of neighbourhood associations.
The Association of Market Mix of Hospital Ownership With Medical Disputes: Evidence From China
Authors: Lan Tianjiao , Pan Jay
Published: November 2020

The prevalence and severity of medical disputes in China have attracted the attention of society and academia, and how to alleviate medical disputes has become a major concern. Following the implementation of a series of policies, the private sector in China’s hospital market has expanded rapidly over the past decade. It remains unknown whether the market mix of hospital ownership could alleviate medical disputes, this study aims to bridge the gap. Data are collected from all hospitals (2171) in Sichuan province, China, from 2012 to 2015. Using a negative binomial hurdle model, the results show that for hospitals with disputes, the private hospital market share has an inverted U-shaped relationship with the number of disputes. However, no significant relationship is found between the private hospital market share and the probability of dispute occurrence. For hospitals with disputes, competition plays a protective role in the effect of the private hospital market share on the number of disputes, hindering the increase in the number of disputes and facilitating a more rapid drop. However, medical quality is found to play an insignificant role in that effect. The findings also support encouraging new private hospitals in China rather than privatizing existing public hospitals.
The Borders of Citizenship in the Haitian Revolution
Authors: Ravano Lorenzo
Published: November 2020

This essay surveys the appropriations and transformations of the modern concept of citizenship by the actors of the Haitian Revolution, analyzed through the intertwining of race, plantation labor, and the postcolonial state. The concept of citizenship is interpreted as an instrument of emancipative struggles as well as of practices of government. The reconstruction is focused around four moments: the liberal critique by free people of color of the racial boundaries of French citizenship; the strategic uses of citizenship by the insurgent slaves to secure their freedom; the inclusion of former slaves into citizenship to preserve the plantation system within the republican order; and postcolonial Haitian citizenship. By analyzing the constitutional shifts and the political thinking of different figures, such as Julien Raimond, Georges Biassou, Jean-François, Toussaint Louverture, and Jean-Jacques Dessalines, the essay shows the conceptual originality of Haitian political thought and its relevance for the history of modern political concepts.
Opportunities and barriers to business engagement in the UK domestic retrofit sector: An industry perspective
Authors: Butt Ben , Jones Rory V. , Fuertes Alba
Published: November 2020

This paper investigates the opportunities and barriers to business engagement in the UK domestic retrofit sector. There are approximately 28 million UK dwellings accounting for 30% of UK total energy consumption. Almost all of the existing housing stock will require some form of retrofit in order to meet the UK Government’s Net Zero emissions target by 2050. However, adoption has been much lower than required. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with industry professionals to investigate the key barriers and opportunities for businesses in the retrofit market. The results suggest that there is significant opportunity for businesses, but engagement has been suppressed by three main categories of barriers: (1) Those that cause lack of consumer demand; (2) Those that constrain retrofit projects, limiting their volume and scalability; (3) Those resulting from a lack of government will or direction. Business opportunity for retrofit was seen to extend globally, with substantial market growth possible. The paper suggests potential roles and solutions key stakeholders could take to achieve the volume of retrofit required. The findings should be of interest to all stakeholders who wish to overcome the multitude of barriers to business engagement in the retrofit sector and realise the potential opportunities.

Practical application: This study aims to understand the barriers preventing the large-scale adoption of domestic retrofit in the UK in order to identify avenues for increasing business engagement in the sector. Potential areas believed to present significant opportunity for businesses when engaging in, developing and upscaling the retrofit process and solutions are highlighted. This paper should be of interest to building industry professionals already or wanting to undertake domestic retrofit works in future. The paper also gathers the views of current building industry professionals through semi-structured interviews providing an industry centric assessment of the sector’s challenges and possible solutions.
Isolated Incudostapedial Cholesteatomas: Unique Radiologic and Surgical Features
Authors: MacDonald Bridget , Bommakanti Krishna , Mallo Moises , Carvalho Daniela
Published: November 2020

Objectives:

Congenital cholesteatomas originate from epithelial tissue present within the middle ear in patients with an intact tympanic membrane, no history of otologic surgery, otorrhea, or tympanic membrane perforation. They are diagnosed by a pearl-like lesion on otoscopy and computed tomography (CT) scan showing an expansile soft-tissue mass. We describe a series of patients with no prior otologic history presenting with progressive unilateral conductive hearing loss and normal otoscopy. The CT scans showed ossicular erosion without obvious soft-tissue mass. Surgery confirmed incudostapedial erosion found to be cholesteatoma. In this study, we characterize the clinical course of patients diagnosed with isolated incudostapedial cholesteatoma (IIC) and review possible pathologic mechanisms.

Methods:

Retrospective review of IIC cases treated by the Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, 2014 to 2020. Data included patient demographics, clinical features, imaging, surgical findings, and audiologic data.

Results:

Five patients were diagnosed with IIC (3 [60%] female; mean age at presentation 10.7 years [range 5.5-16.0]). All patients presented with postlingual unilateral conductive hearing loss and normal otoscopy without any past otologic history; delay in diagnosis ranged from 4 months to several years. The CT scans showed ossicular chain erosion with an absent long process of the incus and/or stapes superstructure. All patients underwent middle ear exploration, revealing a thin layer of cholesteatoma in the incudostapedial region, confirmed by histopathology. Mean preoperative speech reception threshold was 55 dB and improved to a mean of 31 dB in the 4 patients who underwent ossicular chain reconstruction.

Conclusion:

Isolated incudostapedial cholesteatoma should be included as a possible etiology in pediatric patients with insidious onset of unilateral conductive hearing loss with normal otoscopy, unremarkable otologic history, and a CT scan showing ossicular abnormality/disruption without notable middle ear mass. These patients should be counseled preoperatively regarding the possibility of cholesteatoma and should undergo middle ear exploration with possible ossiculoplasty.
From Affect to Action: Choices in Attending to Disconcertment in Interdisciplinary Collaborations
Authors: Smolka Mareike , Fisher Erik , Hausstein Alexandra
Published: November 2020

Reports from integrative researchers who have followed calls for sociotechnical integration emphasize that the potential of interdisciplinary collaboration to inflect the social shaping of technoscience is often constrained by their liminal position. Integrative researchers tend to be positioned as either adversarial outsiders or co-opted insiders. In an attempt to navigate these dynamics, we show that attending to affective disturbances can open up possibilities for productive engagements across disciplinary divides. Drawing on the work of Helen Verran, we analyze “disconcertment” in three sociotechnical integration research studies. We develop a heuristic that weaves together disconcertment, affective labor, and responsivity to analyze the role of the body in interdisciplinary collaborations. We draw out how bodies do affective labor when generating responsivity between collaborators in moments of disconcertment. Responsive bodies can function as sensors, sources, and processors of disconcerting experiences of difference. We further show how attending to disconcertment can stimulate methodological choices to recognize, amplify, or minimize the difference between collaborators. Although these choices are context-dependent, each one examined generates responsivity that supports collaborators to readjust the technical in terms of the social. This analysis contributes to science and technology studies scholarship on the role of affect in successes and failures of interdisciplinary collaboration.
Exploring Preservice Teachers Engagement With Live Models of Universal Design for Learning and Blended Learning Course Delivery
Authors: Hayward Denyse V. , Mousavi Amin , Carbonaro Michael , Montgomery Amanda P. , Dunn William
Published: November 2020

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and Blended Learning (BL) formats, are widely adopted across K–12 learning environments. Upon graduation, preservice teachers may be expected to implement UDL and BL practices. The present study was motivated by the need to provide preservice teachers with live modeling of UDL and BL concepts. Learning analytics data from 197 preservice teachers was examined for engagement with UDL/BL Access features (location, day-of-the-week, time-of-day, and regularity), Content features (screencasts and quizzes), and to determine if there was a relationship between engagement and achievement. Examination of the learning management system login data revealed regular access to the digital content across differing locations, week days, and time of day. Associations were significant between academic performance and all features. Designing the BL digital course components following UDL principles appears to have served as a self-regulation enabler for preservice teachers themselves while providing exemplars to adopt in their future practice.
Extremely late presentation of children with transposition the great arteries
Authors: Fakhri Dicky , Busro Pribadi W , Rahmat Budi , Purba Salomo , Roebiono Poppy Surwianti , Ardiansyah Ardiansyah
Published: November 2020

We present three cases of primary arterial switch operation for extremely late presenting transposition the great arteries with intact ventricular septum: a 7-year-old female, 3-year-old male, and 6-year-old female. Two patients were discharged on postoperative day 9 and 11, the other developed hemodynamic instability 12 h after surgery and died due to left ventricular failure and pulmonary hypertension. Left ventricular mass index >35 g·m−2 and left ventricular posterior wall >4 mm are criteria for a primary arterial switch operation. Circulatory support post- or intraoperatively might provide better results. Two patients survived without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or nitric oxide.
Inter-hospital COVID ECMO air transportation
Authors: Salas de Armas Ismael A , Akkanti Bindu H , Janowiak Lisa , Banjac Igor , Dinh Kha , Hussain Rahat , Cabrera Rodolfo , Herrera Tony , Sanger Damon , Akay Mehmet H , Patel Jayeshkumar , Patel Manish K , Kumar Sachin , Jumean Marwan , Kar Biswajit , Gregoric Igor D
Published: November 2020

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has required rapid and effective protocol adjustments at every level of healthcare. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is pivotal to COVID-19 treatment in cases of refractory hypoxemic hypercapnic respiratory failure. As such, our large, metropolitan air ambulance system in conjunction with our experts in advanced cardiopulmonary therapies modified protocols to assist peripheral hospitals in evaluation, cannulation and initiation of ECMO for rescue and air transportation of patients with COVID-19 to our quaternary center. The detailed protocol is described alongside initial data of its use. To date, 14 patients have been placed on ECMO support at an outside facility and successfully transported via helicopter to our hub hospital using this protocol.
Speech and language therapy treatment on hypokinetic dysarthria in Parkinson disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Muñoz-Vigueras Natalia , Prados-Román Esther , Valenza Marie Carmen , Granados-Santiago Maria , Cabrera-Martos Irene , Rodríguez-Torres Janet , Torres-Sánchez Irene
Published: November 2020

Objective:

To assess the effect of speech and language therapy (SLT) on Hypokinetic dysarthria (HD) in Parkinson’s disease.

Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Methods:

We performed a literature search of randomized controlled trials using PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Cochrane database (last search October 2020). Quality assessment and risk of bias were assessed using the Downs and Black scale and the Cochrane tool. The data were pooled and a meta-analysis was completed for sound pressure levels, perceptual intelligibility and inflection of voice fundamental frequency.

Results:

We selected 15 high to moderate quality studies, which included 619 patients with Parkinson’s disease. After pooling the data, 7 studies, which compared different speech language therapies to no treatment, control groups and 3 of their variables, (sound pressure level, semitone standard deviation and perceptual intelligibility) were included in the analysis. Results showed significant differences in favor of SLT for sound pressure level sustained phonation tasks (standard mean difference = 1.79; 95% confidence interval = 0.86, 2.72; p ⩽ 0.0001). Significant results were also observed for sound pressure level and semitone standard deviation in reading tasks (standard mean difference = 1.32; 95% confidence interval = 1.03, 1.61; p ⩽ 0.0001). Additionally, sound pressure levels in monologue tasks showed similar results when SLT was compared to other treatments (standard mean difference = 0.87; 95% confidence interval = 0.46, 1.28; p ⩽ 0.0001).

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis suggests a beneficial effect of SLT for reducing Hypokinetic Dysarthria in Parkinson’s disease, improving perceptual intelligibility, sound pressure level and semitone standard deviation.
Comparison between customised foot orthoses and insole combined with the use of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in plantar fasciitis, medium-term follow-up results: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Coheña-Jiménez Manuel , Pabón-Carrasco Manuel , Pérez Belloso Ana Juana
Published: November 2020

Objective:

To determine the clinical results of custom-made foot orthoses versus placebo flat cushioning insoles combined with an extracorporeal shock wave therapy on pain and foot functionality in patients with plantar fasciitis.

Design and setting:

A randomised controlled clinical trial with follow-up at six months. Faculty of Podiatry and Centre Clinical private of Physiotherapy, Seville, Spain.

Subjects and interventions:

Patients with plantar fasciitis were randomly assigned to either group A ( n = 42), which received custom-made foot orthoses, or group B ( n = 41), which received placebo insoles. All the participants received active extracorporeal shock wave therapy including stretching exercises. Recruitment period was from Mach 2019 to July 2020.

Main measurements:

The main outcome was foot pain, measured by visual analogue scale and the secondary outcome measures were recorded by Roles and Maudsley scores respectively, at the beginning and at one week, one month and six months.

Results:

Eighty-eight patients were assessed for eligibility. Eighty-three patients were recruited and randomised. This study showed significant differences between both groups according to the visual analogue scale. In control group, the difference was at baseline ( P 0.01) and, in the experimental group was at the one- and six-month follow-up ( P 0.001). The mean (SD) visual analogue scale at baseline were Control group 6.31 (1.69) and Experimental group 5.27 (1.64); and at six months were 7.52 (3.40) and 3.29 (4.26), respectively. The custom-made foot orthosis was perceived as ‘good’ (85%) and ‘excellent’ (97.5%) at medium-long term.

Conclusion:

Wearing a custom-made foot orthosis leads to a improvement in patients with plantar fasciitis; it reduced foot pain and improved foot functionality.
Keyword Mnemonics: Effects of Immediate Recall on Delayed Recall
Authors: González María Angeles , Goñi-Artola Aitziber , Campos Alfredo
Published: November 2020

One of the limitations of keyword mnemonics concerns its efficacy in delayed recall. The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of keyword mnemonics on delayed recall (at a one-week interval). A sample of 794 first and second-year Compulsory Secondary Education students of both genders were presented a list of 14 Basque words, the meanings of these words were to be learnt using keyword mnemonics (keyword selected by classmates, researchers, or by the participants themselves), or the rote learning method. Half of the sample were allowed immediate and delayed recall, and the remaining 50% of participants underwent delayed recall. Activation of immediate recall influenced delayed recall. The rote learning method was more effective than the keyword method when the keyword was supplied by the researcher, or when participants generated their own keywords themselves, but not as effective as the keyword method when the keyword was generated by the classmates of the participants in the study.
A mature cystic teratoma adherent to the vaginal wall: a case report
Authors: Qiu Jian , Xu Jiewei , Yao Guorong , Cao Mingyue , Zhu Fengjia , Huang Xiaohong
Published: November 2020

We present the case of a woman diagnosed with a teratoma adherent to the vaginal wall. The patient had been misdiagnosed with an ovarian teratoma 8 years previously at her local hospital, but no mass was found in the pelvic cavity during cesarean section. She therefore attended our institution for further examination. Transvaginal ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) revealed a large mass on the left side at the bottom of the pelvis, near the side of the vagina, mainly composed of greasy and cystic elements. Gynecological examination showed the mass protruding into the left side of the vaginal wall. The patient therefore underwent vaginal wall incision. During surgery, we found a mass adherent to the vaginal wall, located on the left front of the rectum. Surgery was completed successful with no complications. This case highlights the need for careful preoperative evaluation of teratomas with unusual locations. MRI and CT may be useful for identifying the origin of the tumor and determining its relationship with the surrounding tissues. Surgery should be based on the characteristics and anatomical location of the tumor to minimize damage to other tissues and organs.
Study and reflection on anesthesia for tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica
Authors: Huang Luping , Wang Junlu , Chen Sijia , Fang Xiangming
Published: November 2020

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare disease that may cause unexpected difficult intubation. There is no available consensus on the management of difficult intubation that is associated with TO. A 45-year-old woman was scheduled for modified radical mastoidectomy, canaloplasty, and tympanoplasty under general anesthesia. We encountered significant resistance during tracheal intubation, although the laryngeal view was normal with the video laryngoscope. A fiberoptic bronchoscope was then used to facilitate intubation, and we noted that the trachea was obviously narrowed due to cartilaginous ring hypertrophy. The tracheal tube was fully lubricated with tetracaine gel, and smoothly inserted into the trachea. After the operation, bronchoscopy and a computed tomography (CT) scan were performed to confirm the diagnosis of TO. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy-assisted tracheal intubation is safe and effective choice for the patients in whom subglottic intubation is difficult. CT scan and bronchoscopy might be helpful for preoperative airway assessment. Identifying patients with TO is important to avoid unexpected tracheal intubation impediment. Assessment of the subglottic airway should also be taken seriously.
Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia in the mandible: a case report
Authors: Eguchi Takanori , Nakaoka Kazutoshi , Basugi Akihiko , Arai Go , Hamada Yoshiki
Published: November 2020

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is histopathologically characterized by papillary proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. IPEH in the mandible is very rare, such that only four affected patients have been described in the English-language medical literature. Thus, there is a poor understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical features of IPEH in the mandible. This case report describes a patient with IPEH in the mandible who had a history of repeated trauma involving the mandible due to boxing-related and baseball-related injuries. Imaging examinations had diagnostic limitations, in that they showed a multilocular radiolucency suggestive of a simple bone cyst of the mandible, whereas intraoperative findings revealed a fluid-free unicystic cavity lined by a thin red membrane. Thus, histopathologic examinations were necessary for definitive diagnosis. The specimen demonstrated a spongy structure consisting of many small papillary fibrous tissues, lined by a typical monolayer endothelium that expressed CD34, but did not express D2-40 or AE1/AE3. Moreover, the Ki-67 labeling index was <1%. Thus, the lesion was identified as intraosseous IPEH in the mandible. Although the pathogenesis of IPEH has been controversial, our findings in this case suggest that pathogenesis of IPEH may be related to a history of trauma.
Shear wave elastography of the knee menisci
Authors: Bedewi Mohamed A , Elsifey Ayman A , Saleh Ayman K , Alfaifi Tariq
Published: November 2020

Objective

To determine the ability of shear wave elastography to measure the stiffness of the knee menisci in healthy adults.

Methods

This observational cross-sectional study evaluated knee joints in healthy adults. Shear wave elastography was used to evaluate the anterior horn of the medial menisci bilaterally. The correlations between the mean elasticity bilaterally and age, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were calculated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient test.

Results

A total of 34 knee joints in 17 healthy subjects were evaluated. The mean ± SD shear elastic modulus of the anterior horn of the right medial meniscus was 24.86 ± 6.35 kPa and of the anterior horn of the left medial meniscus was 23.86 ± 4.49 kPa. A significant inverse correlation was observed between the right medial meniscus elasticity and height. Other demographic factors showed no significant relationship to the anterior horn of the right medial meniscus elasticity. A significant inverse correlation was observed between the anterior horn of the left medial meniscus elasticity and age, while a significant positive correlation was observed between left medial meniscus elasticity and BMI.

Conclusion

These preliminary results suggest that shear wave elastography could be a potential tool to aid in studying the stiffness of the knee menisci.
Perception and Characterization of Posed Smile: A Photographic Study
Authors: Kaur Sukhpal , Soni Sanjeev , Prashar Anil , Kaur and Rajdeep
Published: November 2020

Aims of the Study:

The aims of the study are: (a) to compare the perceptions of dental specialists and laypeople regarding smile esthetics; (b) to compare male and female smile parameters; (c) to find influence of smile parameters on esthetics of smile.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted on 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females) of age 18 to 25 years. Frontal posed photographs of all subjects were taken using a digital camera and rated on a visual analog scale by 10 dental specialists and 10 laypersons. Measurements made on photographs were used to analyze various parameters of smile, such as buccal corridor space, smile arc, modified smile index, anterior height of smile, most posterior maxillary tooth visible, and midline relationship of central incisors to philtrum.

Results:

Visual analog scale values showed that 6 photographs were rated as very good (3 males, 3 females), 29 as good (11 males, 18 females), 21 as average (13 males, 8 females), and 4 photographs were rated as bad (3 males, 1 female). A high correlation was observed between ratings of dental specialists and layperson’s ratings for both male and female smiles. Most of the subjects had non-consonant smile arc, and a high correlation was found between buccal corridor space on right and left sides in both males and females. Most of the male and female smiles had an average anterior height of smile; permanent maxillary first molar was the last tooth visible during smile (73.3% females, 66.7 males); and 55% subjects had coincident midline relationship of central incisors to philtrum.

Conclusion:

There was no significant difference in perception of dental specialists and laypersons regarding esthetics of smile. Smile arc and anterior height of smile influenced the esthetics of smile. No significant difference was found between male and female smile parameters except modified smile index.
Neoliberalism’s friends, foes and fellow travellers: What can radical feminist and disability perspectives bring to the policy mobilities approach?
Authors: van Toorn Georgia
Published: November 2020

How and why neoliberal policies spread across political jurisdictions is a fundamental question for economic geographers and critical policy scholars. Many accounts inspired by the policy mobility approach point to neoliberalism as having a conditioning effect on the ease and speed with which policies transverse the globe. Yet the role that social movements and transnational advocacy networks play in shaping and at times facilitating neoliberal policy diffusion has been under-examined. In this article, I bring a new perspective to the policy mobilities literature, by incorporating insights from radical feminist and critical disability theorising. Drawing on the work of Nancy Fraser, I argue that in their haste to scrutinise and theorise neoliberalism as a project of the Right, policy mobility scholars have neglected the mobilising role of the transnational left. Elements of the Left have leant critical support to market-based models of state restructuring, out of concern for minority rights and the welfare state’s denial of individual agency and choice. To illustrate my argument, I use a case study of the disability movement and the policy model of individualised funding, which is driving the current trend towards greater marketisation in the provision of disability services.
Amazonian destruction, Bolsonaro and COVID-19: Neoliberalism unchained
Authors: Stewart Paul , Garvey Brian , Torres Mauricio , Borges de Farias Thais
Published: November 2020

During the current pandemic, forest loss in 2020 has dwarfed the devastation of the previous year. The scale of environmental crimes and aggression towards indigenous peoples and people of African-descendent has been a characteristic of the Bolsonaro administration in the Amazon region. As cases of COVID-19 rise daily in remote areas of the Amazon, a recent study indicates that indigenous lands that aren’t formally demarcated are more vulnerable to intrusion and hence disease: indeed illegal loggers have emerged as a key vector of Covid-19 transmission in a region with Brazil’s lowest number of intensive care units. The weakening of environmental protection in the Amazon has been systematic and a feature of the Brazilian shift from neo-liberalism to neo-developmentalism which can be characterised politically as neo-liberal authoritarianism. If Covid-19 also is now becoming a metaphor for the poisonous spread of neo-liberal globalisation, plunder and land grabs in the Brazilian rainforest can be seen to represent the most egregious of many egregious cases on the ground zero of neo-liberalism unchained. With the rise of Bolsonaro, we can see that the previous conjuncture characterised by the hegemony of PT and Lula was the exception to Brazil’s long embrace of the caudillo going back to the 1930s. Even then, a look at the mechanism of Lula’s rule raises questions as to precisely what changed under Lula when it came to the state and the rule of big capital.
Age and Outcomes in Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Comparison Across 3 Age Groups
Authors: Lin Lawrence J. , Akpinar Berkcan , Bloom David A. , Youm Thomas
Published: November 2020

Background:

Limited evidence exists concerning the effect of age on hip arthroscopy outcomes for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to investigate patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and clinical failure rates across various age groups in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAI. We hypothesized that older patients would experience lower improvements in PROs and higher clinical failure rates.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 109 of 130 eligible consecutive patients underwent hip arthroscopy for FAI with a minimum 5-year follow-up. Patients were stratified into 3 groups for comparison (ages 15-34, 35-50, and 51-75 years). Clinical survival rates to revision surgery or total hip arthroplasty (THA) were determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and PROs were assessed using analysis of variance. Regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with clinical failure and ΔPROs from baseline to 5 years.

Results:

The 5-year survival-to-revision rate was 71% (survival time, 69.2 months; 95% CI, 62.8 to 75.5 months). A significant difference in survival to THA was found between groups ( P = .030). Being in the older group versus the young and middle-aged groups predicted increased risk of THA conversion (hazard ratio, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 28.6; P = .035). Overall modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) and Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS) improved from baseline to 5 years (mHHS, P < .001; NAHS, P < .001). Body mass index (mHHS: beta, −1.2; 95% CI, −2.2 to −0.3; P = .013; NAHS: beta, −1.6; 95% CI, −2.6 to −0.5; P = .005) and baseline PROs (mHHS: beta, −0.8; 95% CI, −1.1 to −0.4; P < .001; NAHS: beta, −0.7; 95% CI, −1.1 to −0.4; P < .001) were predictive of 5-year ΔPROs. A decrease was seen in minimal clinically important difference rates in middle-aged ( P = .011) and old ( P = .030) groups from 6-month to 5-year outcomes.

Conclusion:

Although hip arthroscopy for FAI yielded improvements in PROs regardless of age, middle-aged and older patients experienced greater declines in clinical outcomes over time than younger patients. Older patients remain good candidates for arthroscopy despite a greater risk for conversion to THA.
Relative position of bladder neck to pubic symphysis on cystogram is a strong and reproducible predictor of early urinary continence recovery following radical prostatectomy
Authors: Rossanese Marta , Caloggero Simona , Alario Giuseppe , Mucciardi Giuseppe , Novara Giacomo , Giannarini Gianluca , Ficarra Vincenzo
Published: November 2020

Objectives:

To assess whether bladder neck angle and position on cystogram predict early urinary continence in patients scheduled for early catheter removal after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods:

A total of 103 patients undergoing open or robot-assisted RP by one expert surgeon between January and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. A cystogram was performed on postoperative day 3 or 4 to evaluate anastomotic leakage, and, if none or minimal, the catheter was removed. Urinary continence was evaluated with a validated questionnaire at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after RP. Four investigators of different experience assigned bladder neck angle and relative position of bladder neck to pubic symphysis on archived cystogram images. Association between these two parameters and urinary continence rates at different follow-up times was assessed with logistic regression analysis adjusting for patient and tumor characteristics, and surgical technique. Interobserver agreement in assigning the two parameters was measured with k statistic.

Results:

Catheter was removed immediately after cystogram in 101 (98%) patients. On multivariable analysis, only relative position of bladder neck to pubic symphysis was an independent predictor of 1-week (odds ratio [OR] 30. 95% confidence intervals [CIs] 6-138, p < 0.001), 1-month (OR 11. 95%CIs 3.8-32, p < 0.001), and 3-month (OR 19. 95%CIs 3.6-98, p < 0.001) urinary continence. Interobserver agreement for bladder neck and relative position of bladder neck to pubic symphysis was fair to moderate, and substantial to almost perfect, respectively.

Conclusions:

Relative position of bladder neck to pubic symphysis on cystogram is a strong and reproducible predictor of early urinary continence after RP.
Urban and Rural Differences in Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Later Life in the United States
Authors: Sun Na , Hua Cassandra L. , Qiu Xiao , Brown J. Scott
Published: November 2020

Objective:

This research has two primary goals: to examine the relationship between urban residence and trajectories of depressive symptoms and to investigate whether this relationship differs by social isolation and loneliness.

Method:

Data are from 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults aged 51+ ( n = 3,346 females and 2,441 males). We conduct latent growth curve analysis to predict both baseline and trajectories of depression based on urban or rural residency.

Results:

Residing in urban or rural areas is neither significantly associated with baseline nor the development of late-life depressive symptoms. For females, the relationship between urban residence and baseline depressive symptoms is explained by socioeconomic factors.

Discussion:

Findings of this study serve to better understand how social and geographic contexts shape long-term well-being of older adults.
Responsiveness of Inhaled Epoprostenol in Respiratory Failure due to COVID-19
Authors: Sonti Rajiv , Pike C. William , Cobb Nathan
Published: November 2020

Background:

Inhaled pulmonary vasodilators are used as adjunctive therapies for the treatment of refractory hypoxemia. Available evidence suggest they improve oxygenation in a subset of patients without changing long-term trajectory. Given the differences in respiratory failure due to COVID-19 and “traditional” ARDS, we sought to identify their physiologic impact.

Methods:

This is a retrospective observational study of patients mechanically ventilated for COVID-19, from the ICUs of 2 tertiary care centers, who received inhaled epoprostenol (iEpo) for the management of hypoxemia. The primary outcome is change in PaO2/FiO2. Additionally, we measured several patient level features to predict iEpo responsiveness (or lack thereof).

Results:

Eighty patients with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV2 received iEpo while mechanically ventilated and had PaO2/FiO2 measured before and after. The median PaO2/FiO2 prior to receiving iEpo was 92 mmHg and interquartile range (74 – 122). The median change in PaO2/FiO2 was 9 mmHg (-9 – 37) corresponding to a 10% improvement (-8 – 41). Fifty-percent (40 / 80) met our a priori definition of a clinically significant improvement in PaO2/FiO2 (increase in 10% from the baseline value). Prone position and lower PaO2/FiO2 when iEpo was started predicted a more robust response, which held after multivariate adjustment. For proned individuals, improvement in PaO2/FiO2 was 14 mmHg (-6 to 45) vs. 3 mmHg (-11 – 20), p = 0.04 for supine individuals; for those with severe ARDS (PaO2/FiO2 < 100, n = 49) the median improvement was 16 mmHg (-2 – 46).

Conclusion:

Fifty percent of patients have a clinically significant improvement in PaO2/FiO2 after the initiation of iEpo. This suggests it is worth trying as a rescue therapy; although generally the benefit was modest with a wide variability. Those who were prone and had lower PaO2/FiO2 were more likely to respond.
What Factors Are Associated With Recent Changes in Men’s Attitudes Towards Intimate Partner Violence Across Regional, Rural, and Urban Spaces of Ghana? Findings From Three Waves of Ghana National Surveys From 2003 to 2014
Authors: OLA Bamidele Emmanuel
Published: November 2020

Numerous studies have shown that men’s attitudes towards intimate partner violence (IPV) remain a strong predictor of its actual perpetration. Very few trend studies available have also reported that IPV-acceptance is gradually declining globally. However, almost none of these trend studies have included men in their samples, nor have investigated factors associated with changes in men’s attitudes towards IPV. To supplement this sparse knowledge, the current study employed three waves of the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS): 2003 ( n=4,901), 2008 ( n = 4,481), and 2014 ( n = 4,333) data, and reports trends and patterns in men’s attitudes towards wife-beating at national, regional, and rural-urban residences of Ghana. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to further examine the key socioeconomic and cultural factors significantly associated with men’s acceptance of IPV at 95% confidence interval. The results show that men’s acceptance of wife-beating declined largely at the national level by 60.8% between 2003 and 2014: from 31.7% in 2003 to 12.4% in 2014. However, when disaggregated by region, data revealed a slight increase in men’s IPV-acceptance in two regions between 2008 and 2014—the Western and Upper East regions, by 2.1% and 3.8%, respectively. Having less than secondary education, being in a polygynous union, and residence in certain regions, was significantly associated with justification of wife-beating. Whereas having access to media was not consistently significant in influencing men’s attitudes against wife-beating, especially in the rural areas. The decreasing significance of education, household wealth, and religion in the 2014 wave (especially in urban areas) seem to suggest that recent decline in men’s acceptance of wife-beating may not have been driven by a single isolated factor, but by complex interactions of several exogenous factors including those not captured in the current data. Study implications and need for further studies are discussed.
Development and Evaluation of a Novel Oral Mucoadhesive Ointment Containing Pomegranate Peel Extract as an Adjuvant for Oral Hygiene of Dogs
Authors: Silva Thais M. , Bolzan Thays C. A. , Zanini Marcos S. , Alencar Taiana , Rodrigues Winner D. , Bastos Kamila A. , Severi Juliana A. , Resende Juliana A. , Villanova Janaina C. O.
Published: November 2020

Herbal therapies are used worldwide to treat a variety of health conditions, including dental conditions in veterinary medicine. In this context, the use of medicinal plant-based formulations as potential therapeutics and preventatives in veterinary dentistry is worth highlighting. The objective of the present study was to develop a mucoadhesive ointment formulation, named orabase, that contained pomegranate extract for use in the oral cavity of dogs, with the aim of improving their oral hygiene. The hydroalcoholic extracts of pomegranate peels was incorporated into the orabase in 3 different concentrations. The formulations were subjected to in vitro microbiological testing by a modified disc-diffusion method to study the susceptibility of microorganisms collected from the oral cavities of the dogs. The samples were taken from the buccal mucosa of dogs having the same management and diet. The most effective formulation was submitted to physicochemical tests to evaluate the functionality of the product, namely pH, swelling index, spreadability, and mechanical properties (hardness, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness). The formulation containing 25.0% w/w of the extract was considered most suitable for the intended use as it showed antiseptic activity and demonstrated a swelling index of approximately 35% in the first 20 minutes of the test, high spreadability, and suitable mechanical properties. The results suggest that the product obtained from pomegranate peel extract is a viable option for use to improve oral hygiene, helping to reduce the bacterial component of dental plaque in dogs.
The Worker Capabilities Approach: Insights from Worker Mobilizations in Italian Logistics and Food Delivery
Authors: Cini Lorenzo , Goldmann Bartek
Published: November 2020

Following years of declining labour activism, militant forms of worker mobilization have recently emerged in the Italian platform economy and logistics sector, exhibiting novel forms of organization and action repertoires. This article investigates two cases which have been ongoing since 2011, namely mobilizations by logistics porters and food delivery couriers. Both cases seem puzzling since workers have mobilized under circumstances normally associated with non-mobilization, meaning workplaces characterized by technological innovation and absent or ineffective trade unions. How have these mobilizations occurred? We argue that these workers successfully overcame such circumstances by relying on resources and opportunities related to their workplace and external to it, which they have been able to create and develop over several years. We gathered data from semi-structured interviews with workers, union representatives and lawyers, and participated at political meetings, strikes and protest events in four Italian cities between 2018 and 2019.
‘They’ve Been with Me the Whole Journey’: Temporality, Emotional Labour and Hairdressing Work
Authors: Harness Oonagh M , Jamie Kimberly , McMurray Robert
Published: November 2020

The role of time in organisational and relational development remains an understudied component of work and employment. In response, this article draws attention to the ways that temporality informs relations between workers and clients in service work. Drawing on data from interviews and observations with hair stylists in salons located in the North East of England from 2016 to 2018, we provide a nuanced account of emotional service work by considering the role of the temporal dynamics of recurrence and experience. Describing that which we label ‘relational trajectories’, we show the role of time in developing more authentic service performances. We conclude that acknowledging time allows for a more refined conceptual understanding of how emotional labour is performed based on an appreciation of how relations develop and change. Emotional labour is positioned as highly nuanced and adaptive in its responses to the specificities of relational trajectories that unfold over time.
Interpreting archaeological site-formation processes at a mountain ice patch: A case study from Langfonne, Norway
Authors: Pilø Lars Holger , Barrett James H , Eiken Trond , Finstad Espen , Grønning Sunniva , Post-Melbye Julian R , Nesje Atle , Rosvold Jørgen , Solli Brit , Ødegård Rune S
Published: November 2020

In the context of global warming, ice patches are increasingly important foci of high-elevation archaeology. Langfonne in Jotunheimen, central southern Norway, is uniquely suited to provide a window onto site formation processes and taphonomy in this novel archaeological setting. Here the site record from systematic survey includes the largest number of arrows, bones and antlers from a single ice patch worldwide. Combining data from these finds with the results of glaciological investigations provides an opportunity to interpret the influence of archaeological site formation processes and taphonomy on chronological and spatial patterning. It is inferred that the spatial patterning of artefacts at Langfonne is partly a result of displacement by ice movement, meltwater and other natural processes. Nevertheless, the finds yield information regarding past hunting practices and the extent of ice at different times. An early cluster of finds from c.6000 cal yr BP may result from ice deformation which has brought early objects to the surface. The number of arrows increases from c. 1700 cal yr BP onwards, peaking around c.1200 cal yr BP. Artefacts from this period show a wide spatial distribution indicating both the preferential survival of more recent finds and that they were lost when the ice patch was large. Based on comparison with the chronology of natural bone and antler samples from the site, the greater number of finds of this date may also reflect a period of increased hunting.
Uncertain sunset lives: British migrants facing Brexit in Spain
Authors: Giner-Monfort Jordi , Huete Raquel
Published: November 2020

One of the most concerned groups potentially impacted by the approval of Brexit in 2016 is that of the so-called “Brexpats”. This group of people is composed by at least 784,900 British citizens who are living in the European Union (EU), among which those settling in Spain are the most prominent. Spanish Brexpats are the largest British population outside the borders of the UK, except for in the Commonwealth territories. They have some peculiar characteristics, such as an advanced average age compared to other EU destinations; a large number of people living off the radar; geographical concentration within coastal areas; and a certain social isolation. In this context, the succession of news and potential scenarios that the Brexit process generated in the media and official sources has created a feeling of insecurity about citizenship rights and freedom of movement in this group; rights that, after the withdrawal agreement seem to have disappeared. However, there are still many details that need to be finalised, especially with regard to trade agreements, which may affect in one way or another the group of British residents, not only in Spain but also in other EU nations. The following text analyses the possible changes and challenges that this group will have to face with the new reality beginning in 2021.