bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Evaluation of the Hypoxia Radiotracers [18F]FMISO and [18F]FAZA in Dogs with Spontaneous Tumors Using Dynamic PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Choen Sangkyung , Kent Michael S. , Chaudhari Abhijit J. , Cherry Simon R. , Krtolica Ana , Zwingenberger Allison L.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

We evaluated the kinetics of the hypoxia PET radiotracers, [18F]fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) and [18F]fluoroazomycin-arabinoside ([18F]FAZA), for tumor hypoxia detection and to assess the correlation of hypoxic kinetic parameters with static imaging measures in canine spontaneous tumors.

Methods

Sixteen dogs with spontaneous tumors underwent a 150-min dynamic PET scan using either [18F]FMISO or [18F]FAZA. The maximum tumor-to-muscle ratio (TMRmax) > 1.4 on the last image frame was used as the standard threshold to determine tumor hypoxia. The tumor time-activity curves were analyzed using irreversible and reversible two-tissue compartment models and graphical methods. TMRmax was compared with radiotracer trapping rate (k3), influx rate (Ki), and distribution volume (VT).

Results

Tumor hypoxia was detected in 7/8 tumors in the [18F]FMISO group and 4/8 tumors in the [18F]FAZA group. All hypoxic tumors were detected at > 120 min with [18F]FMISO and at > 60 min with [18F]FAZA. [18F]FAZA showed better fit with the reversible model. TMRmax was strongly correlated with the irreversible parameters (k3 and Ki) for [18F]FMISO at > 90 min and with the reversible parameter (VT) for [18F]FAZA at > 120 min.

Conclusions

Our results showed that [18F]FAZA provided a promising alternative radiotracer to [18F]FMISO with detecting the presence of tumor hypoxia at an earlier time (60 min), consistent with its favorable faster kinetics. The strong correlation between TMRmax over the 90–150 min and 120–150 min timeframes with [18F]FMISO and [18F]FAZA, respectively, with kinetic parameters associated with tumor hypoxia for each radiotracer, suggests that a static scan measurement (TMRmax) is a good alternative to quantify tumor hypoxia.
Epidemiology of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Current Status
Authors: Díaz Diana , Rivera Alejandra , Otero Valentina , Rueda Lili
Published: October 2022

Purpose of Review

This review aimed to provide a comprehensive and current state of art about epidemiology and clinical aspects of the HS.

Recent Findings

Our search yielded 17 articles that included studies that showed a prevalence range from 0.00033 to 1.4%. Incidence data is limited. HS is more prevalent in women than in men. The highest prevalence is found in the third and fourth decade of life. The most frequent localizations are the inguinal, axillary, and perianal regions. There are associations between HS and obesity (OR 2.09), hypertension (OR 1.84), and dyslipidemia (OR 4.06), among others.

Summary

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by occlusion of hair follicles as a primary pathogenic factor. It affects areas of the body with apocrine glands, predominantly in the axillary, inguinal, intermammary, and anogenital regions. Clinically, its manifestations vary from inflammatory nodules and abscesses to the formation of sinus tracts and scarring. HS used to be considered a disorder of apocrine glands; today, it is considered a disease of the pilosebaceous unit associated with an immune imbalance in a genetically predisposed individual, thus linked to other autoimmune diseases.
Indirect Insider Trading
Authors: Goldie Brad , Jiang Chao , Koch Paul , Wintoki M. Babajide
Published: October 2022

Insiders must disclose indirect trades made through accounts they control, including family, trust, retirement, and foundation accounts. Indirect trades through these accounts are more profitable than direct trades in the insider’s own account. They are also more likely to be made by “opportunistic” insiders who make nonroutine trades, or who trade profitably before earnings announcements, or who have a short investment horizon. These trades contain more predictive information about earnings surprises and large price changes, and they tend to be made by insiders at firms with high information asymmetry. Insiders also make fewer indirect trades following periods of intense regulatory scrutiny.
Assimilation Effects in Financial Markets
Authors: Fich Eliezer M. , Xu Guosong
Published: October 2022

An assimilation bias occurs when people’s evaluative judgment is positively influenced by a previously observed signal. We study this effect by examining investors’ appraisal of M&A deals announced 1 day after other firms in the same 1-digit SIC as the merging parties release earnings surprises. Consistent with assimilation effects, acquirers’ M&A announcement stock return initially correlates with the previous day’s earnings surprises. This effect reverses after 1 week. Assimilation generates other distortions as more positive surprises are related to increases in bid competition, takeover premiums, and withdrawn M&As. Evidence from IPOs corroborates the presence of assimilation effects in financial markets.
From ‘mystic synthesis’ to ‘Jesuit plot’: The Society of Jesus and the making of religious policy in Indonesia
Authors: Madinier Rémy
Published: October 2022

Since the 1990s, Indonesia has been confronted with the growing influence of a radical Islamist movement that challenges the state doctrine (Pancasila), which was adopted in 1945, and demands a greater place for Islam, which is the religion of nearly 90 per cent of the population. The hardline groups wish to call into question the Indonesian state’s pluralistic and inclusive religious identity, which they see as a conspiracy hatched by the Christian minority to deprive the Muslim majority of its ostensible rights. The Society of Jesus, which has been present in Java since the nineteenth century, is considered by Islamist critics as the main architect of this alleged plot. Furthermore, one of its members, Father Josephus Beek, is presented by Islamist radicals as one of the founders of the New Order (1966–1998), the regime led by General Suharto which was very hostile to political Islam in its early days. This article analyses how the Society of Jesus was able to integrate Catholicism into the Javanese spiritual landscape and explores the subsequent roles played by Jesuit leaders in the genesis and defence of Pancasila. It also sheds light on how Josephus Beek’s very real manoeuvres have provided fodder for militant Islamist circles seeking to delegitimate Indonesia’s secular status quo.
Intersections between the culture of Xiao (孝) and caring for older relatives in China: perspectives of United Kingdom-based Chinese students on future care for their parents
Authors: Bifarin Oladayo , Quinn Catherine , Breen Liz , Zhang Bing , Oyebode Jan
Published: October 2022

Emphasis placed on Xiao (孝; filial piety) in Chinese culture highlights parents' investment in their children with the expectation of being cared for when older. An increasing number of Chinese students come to the United Kingdom (UK) to study, with the majority returning home and likely to become future care-givers for their parents. Little attention has been paid to the implications of transnational mobility of Chinese students on the reciprocal aspects of future care responsibility. With the uniquely changing family structure due to consequences of the One-Child Policy, we conducted proactive research on the opportunities and challenges that Chinese transnational students anticipate they may face in future care-giving for elderly parents. Hence, this study's aim was to make a novel contribution to knowledge through exploration of the perspectives of Chinese students in England on intergenerational ties and filial obligations. Adopting a social constructivist philosophical position, we conducted three focus groups with 19 UK-based Chinese students, using a semi-structured topic guide with informed consent. Interviews were translated, transcribed and analysed using reflective thematic analysis, capturing semantic and latent meanings, and employed a descriptive and interpretative approach. Six themes were discovered, revealing a ‘culture of duty’ where familial obligation and societal expectations were prominent. Prospective care-givers anticipated a future dilemma between balancing work commitments and providing care as mandated by Xiao. Furthermore, it appeared that lack of preparedness might further exacerbate barriers faced when accessing support. We surmised that the changing demographics and absence of formal support could compound stressors over time, especially if cognitive dissonance arises as realities of life do not fit with societal expectations. Our findings imply that policy makers, practitioners and the government will need to adequately support prospective family care-givers who are returnees in caring for older generations.
Easy and plain languages as special cases of linguistic tailoring and standard language varieties
Authors: Leskelä Leealaura , Mustajoki Arto , Piehl Aino
Published: October 2022

This article aims to introduce new insights to further the understanding of easy language (EL) and plain language (PL) as examples of tailored language and place them within a broader context of linguistic varieties. We examine EL and PL in relation to standard language, and we consider the degree of conscious effort required in tailoring and the compliance with the codified norms of standard language. Both EL and PL are used in asymmetric communication: PL to mediate between specialists and the general public and EL in communication with people with language barriers. We argue that while these varieties have similar purposes and methods, they also have significant differences; for example, the tailoring moves in opposite directions, as PL seeks general comprehensibility and EL aims to reach special and vulnerable groups. The differences between PL and EL are primarily linked to social prestige and the potential risk of stigma related to their use.
Segment count and weight iny-adjective comparatives: inroads that bite off more than one can chew!
Authors: CHUA DEBORAH
Published: October 2022

Adjectival syllable count, often used to predict English comparativesmoreversus -er, is of little help in predicting the comparatives of adjectives ending in , pronounced /i/, here called they-adjectives. Examples ofy-adjectives includesillyandworthy. This article considers whether the phonemic segment count (segment count) and penultimate syllable weight (penultimate weight) ofy-adjectives may serve as alternatives to syllable count in predictingmoreversus -er. The segment count and penultimate weight of relevanty-adjective tokens from a set of diachronic corpora are studied, alongside the tokens’ morphological complexity and period of occurrence in two separate, parallel sets of mixed-effects models. Syllabification principles for penultimate weight coding differentiate the two sets of modelling. Findings converge on segment count as a predictor of the comparative form, while the role of morphological complexity remains less clear, emerging significantly from one set of modelling but not the other. A rethinking of adjectival length based on segment count is advanced for our understanding ofy-adjective comparatives. Discussed also are downstream implications of variant syllabification theories on accounts ofy-adjective comparatives, together with insights shed on morphophonological intersections and the potential place of Englishy-adjective comparatives within the ambit of English alternations.
Validation of the modified Chinese Information and Support Needs Questionnaire (ISNQ-C) for daughters of mothers with breast cancer
Authors: Fang Su-Ying , Chen Ting-Chun
Published: October 2022

Background

Adult daughters concerned about getting breast cancer throughout their lives and required support because their mothers had breast cancer.

Objectives

This article aims to examine the revised Information and Support Needs Questionnaire (ISNQ) and validate it in a Taiwanese community population comprising daughters of mothers with breast cancer.

Methods

Using convenience sampling, daughters of mothers with breast cancer were recruited and were separated into 2 samples (Sample 1, n = 102, and Sample 2, n = 118). First, we translated and modified the ISNQ to ensure cultural adaptation and formed ISNQ Chinese version (ISNQ-C). Second, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis using both samples to explore the ISNQ-C factor structure. Finally, we tested the criterion validity and known‐group validity of the ISNQ-C using Sample 2.

Results

Thirty-two items addressing 5 factors were identified for the ISNQ‐C. Each factor had good internal consistency. The criterion validity was supported by significant correlations between the ISNQ‐C scores and scores on the impacts of an event, anxiety, and depression. Known‐group comparisons revealed that the group with deceased mothers reported significantly more unmet needs related to “releasing my anxiety” compared to the group where the mother was stable and undergoing regular follow-ups.

Significance of results

The ISNQ‐C demonstrated good reliability and validity in terms of assessing needs among daughters of mothers with breast cancer in Taiwan. Using this assessment tool before genetic counseling to target the individual needs of this population at risk for breast cancer would be helpful to provide personalized care.
Measuring Executive Ideology and Its Influence
Authors: Warner Seth B.
Published: October 2022

Executives are important elites, and ideology is important to elite behavior, but measurement challenges and a focus on the presidency have kept scholars from fully exploring executive ideology. This article advocates studying US governors to learn more about executive ideology. It provides an overview of the data scholars can use to measure gubernatorial preferences, and highlights Bonica’s campaign finance-based ideology scores (CFscores) as offering the greatest coverage and allowing common-scale comparisons with other actors. As a validation exercise, I find that CFscores explain within-party variation in other measures and predict the decisions that governors make when in office. Then, I run a preliminary test of the substantive importance of executive ideology. Four models explain state policy liberalism as a function of executive, legislative, and citizen ideology. Gubernatorial preferences emerge as most predictive of the three. These results encourage greater investigation into the role of executive ideology in the policy process.
Phase Unlocking and the Modulation of Tropopause‐Level Trace Gas Advection by the Quasibiennial Oscillation
Authors: Shah Kasturi , Solomon Susan , Kinnison Douglas , Fu Qiang , Thompson David W. J.
Published: October 2022

Open questions about the modulation of near‐surface trace gas variability by stratosphere‐troposphere tracer transport complicate efforts to identify anthropogenic sources of gases such as CFC‐11 and N2O and disentangle them from dynamical influences. In this study, we explore one model's modulation of lower stratospheric tracer advection by the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) of stratospheric equatorial zonal‐mean zonal winds at 50 hPa. We assess instances of coherent modulation versus disruption through phase unlocking with the seasonal cycle in the model and in observations. We quantify modeled advective contributions to the temporal rate of change of stratospheric CFC‐11 and N2O at extratropical and high‐latitudes by calculating a transformed Eulerian mean (TEM) budget across isentropic surfaces from a 10‐member WACCM4 ensemble simulation. We find that positive interannual variability in seasonal tracer advection generally occurs in the easterly QBO phase, as in previous work, and briefly discuss physical mechanisms. Individual simulations of the 10‐member ensemble display phase‐unlocking disruptions from this general pattern due to seasonally varying synchronizations between the model's repeating 28‐month QBO cycle and the 12‐month seasonal cycle. We find that phase locking and unlocking patterns of tracer advection calculations inferred from observations fall within the envelope of the ensemble member results. Our study bolsters evidence for variability in the interannual stratospheric dynamical influence of CFC‐11 near‐surface concentrations by assessing the QBO modulation of lower stratospheric advection via synchronization with the annual cycle. It identifies a likely cause of variations in the QBO influence on tropospheric abundances.
Chemical Geodynamics Insights From a Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Stracke A. , Willig M. , Genske F. , Béguelin P. , Todd E.
Published: October 2022

The radiogenic isotope heterogeneity of oceanic basalts is often assessed using 2D isotope ratio diagrams. But because the underlying data are at least six dimensional (87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 176Hf/177Hf, and 208,207,206Pb/204Pb), it is important to examine isotopic affinities in multi‐dimensional data space. Here, we apply t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t‐SNE), a multi‐variate statistical data analysis technique, to a recent compilation of radiogenic isotope data of mid ocean ridge (MORB) and ocean island basalts (OIB). The t‐SNE results show that the apparent overlap of MORB‐OIB data trends in 2‐3D isotope ratios diagrams does not exist in multi‐dimensional isotope data space, revealing that there is no discrete “component” that is common to most MORB‐OIB mantle sources on a global scale. Rather, MORB‐OIB sample stochastically distributed small‐scale isotopic heterogeneities. Yet, oceanic basalts with the same isotopic affinity, as identified by t‐SNE, delineate several globally distributed regional domains. In the regional geodynamic context, the isotopic affinity of MORB and OIB is caused by capturing of actively upwelling mantle by adjacent ridges, and thus melting of mantle with similar origin in on, near, and off‐ridge settings. Moreover, within a given isotopic domain, subsidiary upwellings rising from a common deep mantle root often feed OIB volcanism over large surface areas. Overall, the t‐SNE results define a fundamentally new basis for relating isotopic variations in oceanic basalts to mantle geodynamics, and may launch a 21st century era of “chemical geodynamics.”
An Evolved Early Crust Exposed on Mars Revealed Through Spectroscopy
Authors: Payré V. , Salvatore M. R. , Edwards C. S.
Published: October 2022

Mars early crust is more complex than homogenously basaltic with evolved magmatism evidenced by intermediate and felsic igneous rocks found in various locations in the southern hemisphere and martian meteorites. Geophysical constraints argue against a dense thick basaltic crust in the southern hemisphere, rather consistent with a buried light crust (<3,100 kg m−3), possibly evolved, underneath a basaltic surface. One of the oldest crustal components accessible at the surface of Mars, Terra Cimmeria/Sirenum (TSC), presents geochemical anomalies potentially suggesting an evolved crustal component at depth. Using visible/near infrared spectroscopy, we identify nine excavated feldspar‐rich locations in this region, and thermal infrared data suggest a silica concentration corresponding to intermediate compositions. The low density of such terrains compared to basalts supports that TSC crustal component is evolved. Early crusts of planetary bodies in the solar system were thus not restricted to basaltic compositions, and evolved crusts might have been widespread.
First Assimilation of Atmospheric Temperatures From the Emirates Mars InfraRed Spectrometer
Authors: Young Roland M. B. , Millour Ehouarn , Forget François , Smith Michael D. , Aljaberi Mariam , Edwards Christopher S. , Smith Nathan , Anwar Saadat , Christensen Philip R. , Wolff Michael J.
Published: October 2022

We assimilate atmospheric temperatures from the Emirates Mars Infrared Spectrometer on board the Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) into the Mars Planetary Climate Model at the start of EMM's early science phase (Mars Year 36 Ls = 57.34–92.90°). Mars data assimilation benefits significantly from EMM's unique near‐hemispheric observations, frequent repeated observations of the same location, and full diurnal cycle coverage. Our analysis verifies well against in‐sample temperature observations, and is 1–3 K warmer than Mars Climate Sounder observations. We identify a warm front in concurrent Emirates eXploration Imager observations by correlating an elongated water ice cloud with temperatures and winds in the analysis; the analysis winds are consistent with its observed motion. We also calculate the full horizontal wind diurnal cycle; the zonal flow is weaker and the meridional circulation is stronger than simulating the same time period using the model alone.
Geochemical Evidence for Diachronous Uplift and Synchronous Collapse of the High Elevation Variscan Hinterland
Authors: Hillenbrand Ian W. , Williams Michael L.
Published: October 2022

Competing end‐member models for the late Paleozoic Variscan orogeny (ca. 360‐290 Ma) alternatively suggest moderate 2–3 km elevations underlain by relatively thin crust (<50 km) or a thick crust (>55 km) that supported high 4–5 km elevations. We tested these models and quantified the crustal thickness and elevation evolution of the Variscan orogeny using igneous trace element geochemical proxies and geochronologic data. These data suggest that thick crust (55–70 km) capable of supporting 3–5 km elevations developed diachronously from east to west between ca. 350 and 315 Ma. Crustal thinning occurred from ca. 315 to 290 Ma across the orogen. Crustal thickness and elevation changes at ca. 340‐325 and 315‐290 Ma correspond with increases in silicate weathering recorded by Sr and Li isotopes, consistent with models in which silicate weathering of the Variscan orogen contributed to global cooling associated with the late Paleozoic ice age.
On the Statistical Estimation of Asymmetrical Relationship Between Two Climate Variables
Authors: Frankignoul Claude , Kwon Young‐Oh
Published: October 2022

Two simple methods commonly used to detect asymmetry in climate research, composite analysis, and asymmetric linear regression, are discussed and compared using mathematical derivation and synthetic data. Asymmetric regression is shown to provide unbiased estimates only when the respective mean of positive and negative events is removed from both independent and dependent variables (i.e., non‐zero y‐intercepts). Composite analysis always provides biased results and strongly underestimates the asymmetry, albeit less so for very larger thresholds, which cannot be used with limited observational data. Hence, the unbiased asymmetric regression should be used, even though uncertainties can be large for small samples. Differences in estimated asymmetry are illustrated for the sea surface temperature and winter sea level pressure signals associated with El Niño and La Niña.
The First Ground‐Level Enhancement of Solar Cycle 25 as Seen by the High‐Energy Particle Detector (HEPD‐01) on Board the CSES‐01 Satellite
Authors: Martucci Matteo , Laurenza Monica , Benella Simone , Berrilli Francesco , Del Moro Dario , Giovannelli Luca , Parmentier Alexandra , Piersanti Mirko , Albrecht Gabor , Bartocci Simona , Battiston Roberto , Burger William J. , Campana Donatella , Carfora Luca , Consolini Giuseppe , Conti Livio , Contin Andrea , De Donato Cinzia , De Santis Cristian , Follega Francesco Maria , Iuppa Roberto , Lega Alessandro , Marcelli Nadir , Masciantonio Giuseppe , Mergé Matteo , Mese Marco , Oliva Alberto , Osteria Giuseppe , Palma Francesco , Panico Beatrice , Perfetto Francesco , Picozza Piergiorgio , Pozzato Michele , Ricci Ester , Ricci Marco , Ricciarini Sergio Bruno , Sahnoun Zouleikha , Scotti Valentina , Sotgiu Alessandro , Sparvoli Roberta , Vitale Vincenzo , Zoffoli Simona , Zuccon Paolo
Published: October 2022

In this work we present the High‐Energy Particle Detector (HEPD‐01) observations of proton fluxes from space during the 28 October 2021 solar energetic particle event, which produced a ground‐level enhancement on Earth. The event was associated with the major, long‐duration X1‐class flare and the concomitant coronal mass ejection (CME) that erupted from the Active Region 12887. This is the first direct measurement from space of solar particles emitted during the current solar cycle, recorded by a single instrument in the energy range from ∼50 MeV/n up to ∼250 MeV/n. We have performed a Weibull‐modeled spectral analysis of the energy spectrum in the wide energy range 300 keV–250 MeV, obtained from combination of HEPD‐01 proton measurements with the ones from ACE/ULEIS, SOHO/EPHIN, and SOHO/ERNE. The good agreement between data and model, also corroborated by a comparison with other spectral shapes commonly used in these studies, suggests that particles could have possibly been accelerated out from the ambient corona through the contribution of stochastic acceleration at the CME‐driven shock, even if the presence of seed populations influencing spectral shape could not be excluded. Finally, a Solar Proton Release time of 16:01 UTC ± 13 min and a magnetic path‐length of L = 1.32 ± 0.24 AU have been obtained, in agreement with previous results for this event. We remark that new and precise data on protons in the tens/hundreds MeV energy range—like the one provided by HEPD‐01—could shed more light on particle acceleration as well as provide a reliable parametrization of solar energetic particle spectra for Space Weather purposes.
Parent Training Through the Comfort Ability Program for Pediatric Chronic Pain Management: Self-Reported Expectations and Outcomes
Authors: Burns Maureen , Hale Amy E. , Riley Bobbie L. , Donado Carolina , Bujoreanu Simona , Coakley Rachael
Published: October 2022

Objective:

Targeted parent interventions are known to improve outcomes in pediatric pain, but systematic delivery of this type of training for parents is a challenge. The Comfort Ability Program (CAP) is a well-established, manualized intervention, delivered in a single-day intensive workshop format that includes 6 hr of parent training. The primary goal of this article is to systematically evaluate the impact of the parent training arm of this program on parent expectations and outcomes.

Method:

A sample of parents who attended CAP ( n = 130) and a control sample ( n = 74) completed self-report questionnaires at baseline, 30, and 90 days after baseline. Separately, a sample of parents attending CAP ( n = 537) completed quality improvement (QI) assessments evaluating pretreatment expectations and posttreatment perceived benefits.

Results:

Preliminary linear mixed model analysis indicate parents who attended CAP demonstrated significant reductions in pain catastrophizing (PCS; β-estimate = -2.57, SE = 1.1, p < .05) and improvements in pain self-efficacy (PSES, β-estimate = −2.14 , SE = .63 ; p < .01) as compared with controls. Parent over protectiveness (ARCS) and parent-report of child pain severity (PPST) did not differ between groups. Coding of parents’ qualitative assessments suggest that parents who attend CAP are actively seeking skills-based training. Postintervention, parents report immediate benefit from an array of program-specific targets, including how to construct a plan for a child’s return to function, social support, and pain neuroscience education.

Conclusion:

Parents who attend CAP demonstrate significant changes in research-identified parenting practices over time as compared to controls. Additionally, parent report of posttreatment benefit extends beyond pretreatment expectations (i.e., skills training) to include social support and pain education.

Implications for Impact Statement

Psychologically-based parent skills training and pain education are an essential part of a child’s recovery from chronic pain, but there are many system and patient-level barriers preventing access to such treatment. The Comfort Ability Program (CAP), a brief, manualized intervention for adolescents with chronic pain and their parents, was created specifically to address these barriers to care. This study, including quantitative and qualitative data, finds that parents who completed CAP make positive and lasting changes in how they think about their child’s chronic pain and report benefits from the specific research-supported targets of treatment including skills training, pain education, and social support.
Developing a resiliency model for survival without major morbidity in preterm infants
Authors: Steurer Martina A. , Ryckman Kelli K. , Baer Rebecca J. , Costello Jean , Oltman Scott P. , McCulloch Charles E. , Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura L. , Rogers Elizabeth E.
Published: October 2022

Objective

Develop and validate a resiliency score to predict survival and survival without neonatal morbidity in preterm neonates <32 weeks of gestation using machine learning.

Study design

Models using maternal, perinatal, and neonatal variables were developed using LASSO method in a population based Californian administrative dataset. Outcomes were survival and survival without severe neonatal morbidity. Discrimination was assessed in the derivation and an external dataset from a tertiary care center.

Results

Discrimination in the internal validation dataset was excellent with a c-statistic of 0.895 (95% CI 0.882–0.908) for survival and 0.867 (95% CI 0.857–0.877) for survival without severe neonatal morbidity, respectively. Discrimination remained high in the external validation dataset (c-statistic 0.817, CI 0.741–0.893 and 0.804, CI 0.770–0.837, respectively).

Conclusion

Our successfully predicts survival and survival without major morbidity in preterm babies born at <32 weeks. This score can be used to adjust for multiple variables across administrative datasets.
Plasmonic high-entropy carbides
Authors: Calzolari Arrigo , Oses Corey , Toher Cormac , Esters Marco , Campilongo Xiomara , Stepanoff Sergei P. , Wolfe Douglas E. , Curtarolo Stefano
Published: October 2022

Discovering multifunctional materials with tunable plasmonic properties, capable of surviving harsh environments is critical for advanced optical and telecommunication applications. We chose high-entropy transition-metal carbides because of their exceptional thermal, chemical stability, and mechanical properties. By integrating computational thermodynamic disorder modeling and time-dependent density functional theory characterization, we discovered a crossover energy in the infrared and visible range, corresponding to a metal-to-dielectric transition, exploitable for plasmonics. It was also found that the optical response of high-entropy carbides can be largely tuned from the near-IR to visible when changing the transition metal components and their concentration. By monitoring the electronic structures, we suggest rules for optimizing optical properties and designing tailored high-entropy ceramics. Experiments performed on the archetype carbide HfTa4C5 yielded plasmonic properties from room temperature to 1500K. Here we propose plasmonic transition-metal high-entropy carbides as a class of multifunctional materials. Their combination of plasmonic activity, high-hardness, and extraordinary thermal stability will result in yet unexplored applications.
Lysyl-tRNA synthetase, a target for urgently needed M. tuberculosis drugs
Authors: Green Simon R. , Davis Susan H. , Damerow Sebastian , Engelhart Curtis A. , Mathieson Michael , Baragaña Beatriz , Robinson David A. , Tamjar Jevgenia , Dawson Alice , Tamaki Fabio K. , Buchanan Kirsteen I. , Post John , Dowers Karen , Shepherd Sharon M. , Jansen Chimed , Zuccotto Fabio , Gilbert Ian H. , Epemolu Ola , Riley Jennifer , Stojanovski Laste , Osuna-Cabello Maria , Pérez-Herrán Esther , Rebollo María José , Guijarro López Laura , Casado Castro Patricia , Camino Isabel , Kim Heather C. , Bean James M. , Nahiyaan Navid , Rhee Kyu Y. , Wang Qinglan , Tan Vee Y. , Boshoff Helena I. M. , Converse Paul J. , Li Si-Yang , Chang Yong S. , Fotouhi Nader , Upton Anna M. , Nuermberger Eric L. , Schnappinger Dirk , Read Kevin D. , Encinas Lourdes , Bates Robert H. , Wyatt Paul G. , Cleghorn Laura A. T.
Published: October 2022

Tuberculosis is a major global cause of both mortality and financial burden mainly in low and middle-income countries. Given the significant and ongoing rise of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the clinical setting, there is an urgent need for the development of new, safe and effective treatments. Here the development of a drug-like series based on a fused dihydropyrrolidino-pyrimidine scaffold is described. The series has been developed against M. tuberculosis lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) and cellular studies support this mechanism of action. DDD02049209, the lead compound, is efficacious in mouse models of acute and chronic tuberculosis and has suitable physicochemical, pharmacokinetic properties and an in vitro safety profile that supports further development. Importantly, preliminary analysis using clinical resistant strains shows no pre-existing clinical resistance towards this scaffold.
Metabolite profiling of Arabidopsis mutants of lower glycolysis
Authors: Zhang Youjun , Fernie Alisdair R.
Published: October 2022

We have previously shown that in Arabidopsis the three enzymes of lower glycolysis namely phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM), enolase and pyruvate kinase form a complex which plays an important role in tethering the mitochondria to the chloroplast. Given that the metabolism of these mutants, the complemented of pgam mutant and overexpression lines of PGAM were unclear, here, we present gas chromatography mass spectrometry-based metabolomics data of them alongside their plant growth phenotypes. Compared with wild type, both sugar and amino acid concentration are significantly altered in phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase and pyruvate kinase. Conversely, overexpression of PGAM could decrease the content of 3PGA, sugar and several amino acids and increase the content of alanine and pyruvate. In addition, the pgam mutant could not be fully complemented by either a nuclear target pgam, a side-directed-mutate of pgam or a the E.coli PGAM in term of plant phenotype or metabolite profiles, suggesting the low glycolysis complete formation is required to support normal metabolism and growth.
Residential trajectories across the life course and their association with cognitive functioning in later life
Authors: Orsholits Dan , Cullati Stéphane , Cheval Boris , Ghisletta Paolo , Oris Michel , Maurer Jürgen , Studer Matthias , Marques Adilson , Marconcin Priscila , Gouveia Élvio R. , Kliegel Matthias , Ihle Andreas
Published: October 2022

Previous work has found that later life urban–rural differences in cognitive health can be largely explained by indicators of cognitive reserve such as education or occupation. However, previous research concentrated on residence in limited, specific, periods. This study offers a detailed investigation on the association between urban (vs. rural) residence from birth, and cognitive functioning in older age. Using data from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe we created residential trajectories from birth to survey enrolment with a combination of sequence and cluster analysis. Using mixed-effects models, we investigated the association between residential trajectories in early, mid, and later life and three cognitive functioning outcomes: immediate recall, delayed recall, and verbal fluency. In a sample of 38,165 participants, we found that, even after accounting for differences related to education and occupation, rural (vs. urban) residence in early life remained associated with poorer cognitive performance later in life. This suggests that growing up in rural regions leads to a long-term disadvantage in cognitive functioning. Thus, public health policies should consider that urban–rural inequalities in early life may have long-lasting associations with inequalities in cognitive health in old and very old age.
Localized mesospheric ozone destruction corresponding to isolated proton aurora coming from Earth’s radiation belt
Authors: Ozaki Mitsunori , Shiokawa Kazuo , Kataoka Ryuho , Mlynczak Martin , Paxton Larry , Connors Martin , Yagitani Satoshi , Hashimoto Shion , Otsuka Yuichi , Nakahira Satoshi , Mann Ian
Published: October 2022

Relativistic electron precipitation (REP) from the Earth’s radiation belt plays an important role in mesospheric ozone loss as a connection between space weather and the climate system. However, the rapid (tens of minutes) destruction of mesospheric ozone directly caused by REP has remained poorly understood due to the difficulty of recognizing its location and duration. Here we show a compelling rapid correspondence between localized REP and ozone destruction during a specific auroral phenomenon, the called an isolated proton aurora (IPA). The IPA from the Earth’s radiation belt becomes an important spatial and temporal proxy of REP, distinct from other auroral phenomena, and allowing visualizing micro-ozone holes. We found ozone destruction of as much as 10–60% within 1.5 h of the initiation of IPA. Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the oxygen ion band observed as the driver of REP likely affect through resonance with mainly ultra-relativistic (> 2 mega-electron-volts) energy electrons. The rapid REP impact demonstrates its crucial role and direct effect on regulating the atmospheric chemical balance.
A feasibility study to assess Mediterranean Diet adherence using an AI-powered system
Authors: Papathanail Ioannis , Vasiloglou Maria F. , Stathopoulou Thomai , Ghosh Arindam , Baumann Manuel , Faeh David , Mougiakakou Stavroula
Published: October 2022

Mediterranean diet (MD) can play a major role in decreasing the risks of non-communicable diseases and preventing overweight and obesity. In order for a person to follow the MD and assess their adherence to it, proper dietary assessment methods are required. We have developed an Artificial Intelligence-powered system that recognizes the food and drink items from a single meal photo and estimates their respective serving size, and integrated it into a smartphone application that automatically calculates MD adherence score and outputs a weekly feedback report. We compared the MD adherence score of four users as calculated by the system versus an expert dietitian, and the mean difference was 3.5% and statistically not significant. Afterwards, we conducted a feasibility study with 24 participants, to evaluate the system’s performance and to gather the users’ and dietitians’ feedback. The image recognition system achieved 61.8% mean Average Precision for the testing set and 57.3% for the feasibility study images (where the ground truth was taken as the participants’ annotations). The feedback from the participants of the feasibility study was also very positive.
Low-temperature argon plasma jet with cascading electrode technique for biological applications
Authors: Seyfi Pourya , Keshavarzi Maryam , Zahedi Saeed , Khademi Ahmad , Ghomi Hamid
Published: October 2022

In this study, the design, performance, and characteristics of a low-temperature argon plasma jet with cascading electrode technique (APJCE) are presented. APJCE is designed based on a tip-ring structure with a cascading ring. The effect of plasma jet driven by repetitive high-voltage microsecond pulses in APJCE structure was measured qualitatively in local surface temperature detection system. Then, by applying the generated plasma jet to biological surface and measuring and characterizing the electrical parameters, we obtained a plasma jet, which is electrically and thermally in the cold plasma regime. Simulation of the electric field distribution in the nozzle also yielded similar results to the experimental results. Finally, by cascading electrodes, we guided the plasma column to the nozzle output so that the plasma temperature within four centimeters of the nozzle output is 37 °C. The resulting plasma jets were studied by atomic emission spectroscopy and the intensity of the spectral lines of the atmospheric argon plasma jet spectra was obtained as a final experimental result at the output.
Development of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip for the rapid detection of iprodione
Authors: Deng Huimin , Chen Dan , Li Xiangyang , Yang Fei , Liu Shanshan , Sun Yingying , Shi Mowen , Bian Zhaoyang , Tang Gangling , Fan Ziyan
Published: October 2022

A colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip was developed based on a selected coating antigen and a specific monoclonal antibody against iprodione. Rapid and sensitive screening of iprodione residues in tobacco was realized.
Threefold reactivity of a COF-embedded rhenium catalyst: reductive etherification, oxidative esterification or transfer hydrogenation
Authors: Goralski Sean T. , Cid-Seara Krystal M. , Jarju Jenni J. , Rodriguez-Lorenzo Laura , LaGrow Alec P. , Rose Michael J. , Salonen Laura M.
Published: October 2022

The reactivity of the novel Re(i) catalyst [Re(C12Anth-py2)(CO)3Br] is modulated by its interactions with the covalent organic framework (COF) TFB-BD.
Two multifunctional Cu(ii) coordination complexes with mixed ligands as efficient catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction and photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange azo dyes
Authors: Li Yang-Hua , Wang Xin-Ying , Liu Yu-Qi , Dai Si-Yu , Jin Nan-Hao , Chen Han , Liu Xiao-Ming , Zhao Yue , Luo Hui-Long , Li Wei
Published: October 2022

We constructed two novel multifunctional copper complexes as efficient catalysts for the OER and photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes.
S66x8 noncovalent interactions revisited: new benchmark and performance of composite localized coupled-cluster methods
Authors: Santra Golokesh , Semidalas Emmanouil , Mehta Nisha , Karton Amir , Martin Jan M. L.
Published: October 2022

The S66x8 noncovalent interactions benchmark has been re-evaluated at the “sterling silver” level. Against this, a selection of computationally more economical alternatives has been assayed, ranging from localized CC to double hybrids and SAPT(DFT).
Emerging degrader technologies engaging lysosomal pathways
Authors: Ding Yu , Xing Dong , Fei Yiyan , Lu Boxun
Published: October 2022

ATTECs and several other emerging degrader technologies hijacking the lysosomal pathways greatly expand the spectrum of degradable targets and provide new opportunities for targeted drug discovery.
Opportunities for biocompatible and safe zinc-based batteries
Authors: Lei Shize , Liu Zhexuan , Liu Cunxin , Li Jingjing , Lu Bingan , Liang Shuquan , Zhou Jiang
Published: October 2022

This review presents the recent progress and research potential of biocompatible ZBs for wearable and implantable devices. Challenges and solutions have been discussed for future investigations, followed by roadmaps towards biocompatibility.
Use and release of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in consumer food packaging in U.S. and Canada
Authors: Minet Laura , Wang Zhanyun , Shalin Anna , Bruton Thomas A. , Blum Arlene , Peaslee Graham F. , Schwartz-Narbonne Heather , Venier Marta , Whitehead Heather , Wu Yan , Diamond Miriam L.
Published: October 2022

PFASs used in food packaging have the potential to contaminate the environment and numerous parts of the waste stream.
Detection of PTFE microparticles by ICP-qMS operated in single-particle mode
Authors: Gelman Faina , Muszyńska Magdalena , Karasiński Jakub , Lev Ovadia , Halicz Ludwik
Published: October 2022

In this study, we examine the possibility of detecting PTFE microparticles by ICP-qMS equipped with O2 dynamic reaction cell (DRC) and operated in single-particle mode.
Uniform self-rectifying resistive random-access memory based on an MXene-TiO2 Schottky junction
Authors: Zang Chao , Li Bo , Sun Yun , Feng Shun , Wang Xin-Zhe , Wang Xiaohui , Sun Dong-Ming
Published: October 2022

Uniform self-rectifying RRAMs have been realized using a MXene-TiO2 Schottky junction based on the field-induced modulation of Schottky barrier.
Antibacterial lignin-based nanoparticles and their use in composite materials
Authors: Morena A. Gala , Tzanov Tzanko
Published: October 2022

This review highlights the versatility of antibacterial LigNPs, their multiple functionalities, and their compatibility with a variety of materials, demonstrating their enormous potential in food packaging and biomedical applications.
Development of Mg-doped hematite (α-Fe2O3)-based hydroelectric cell to generate green electricity
Authors: Aarti  , Gaur Anurag , Shah Jyoti , Kotnala R. K. , Kumar Dinesh
Published: October 2022

The fabricated Mg-doped ‘α-Fe2O3’-based HEC generates a short circuit current of ∼40 mA and power output of 36 mW. This is a promising device for producing green energy, and opens new avenues for alternative sources of green energy.
Self-healable PEDOT-based all-organic films with excellent electrochromic performances
Authors: Xie Xiaowen , Yu Jiarui , Li Zhanqi , Wu Zhixin , Chen Shuai
Published: October 2022

PEDOT-based all-organic films after breaking up can be intrinsically self-healed through thermal stimulation (no more than 130 °C), and maintain excellent electrochromic properties.
Facile synthesis of porous 3D honeycomb-like ZnIn2S4 microspheres with improved photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Sheng , Qi Yuxuan , Zheng Chenglong , Fan Shilu , Feng Yisi
Published: October 2022

The synthesized 3D honeycomb-like ZnIn2S4 microspheres exhibited good hydrogen production performance under simulated sunlight.
Organo-metallic electrolyte additive for regulating hydrogen evolution and self-discharge in Mg–air aqueous battery
Authors: Rajagopalan Kandeeban , Ramasubramanian Brindha , Manojkumar K. , Ramakrishna Seeram , Marappan P. , Saminathan Ramasamy Kulandaivel
Published: October 2022

Metal–air battery with cutting-edge electrolyte modification technologies.
Visualisation of individual dopants in a conjugated polymer: sub-nanometre 3D spatial distribution and correlation with electrical properties
Authors: Persson Gustav , Järsvall Emmy , Röding Magnus , Kroon Renee , Zhang Yadong , Barlow Stephen , Marder Seth R. , Müller Christian , Olsson Eva
Published: October 2022

The 3D sub-nanometre distribution of individual dopant species in organic semiconductors determines the electrical properties. The distribution and cluster shape have been determined by electron tomography and shown to depend on dopant concentration.
DNA origami book biosensor for multiplex detection of cancer-associated nucleic acids
Authors: Domljanovic Ivana , Loretan Morgane , Kempter Susanne , Acuna Guillermo P. , Kocabey Samet , Ruegg Curzio
Published: October 2022

Dual detection of cancer-associated miRNAs using a dynamic DNA origami book biosensor decorated with arrays of FRET pairs.
FeII/III and MnII complexes based on 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-triazine: synthesis, structures, magnetic and biological properties
Authors: Darii Mariana , Mikosch Annabel , van Leusen Jan , Kravtsov Victor Ch. , Dvornina Elena G. , Clapco Steliana T. , Ciloci Alexandra , Kögerler Paul , Baca Svetlana G.
Published: October 2022

2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-triazine induces not only the condensation of heptameric coordination clusters with iron oxo cores but also undergoes triazine oxidation, adding an O donor site.
Analysis of the growth and physicochemical properties of the newly developed stilbazolium derivative 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4-N-methyl stilbazolium 2-formyl benzene sulfonate (DSFS) single crystal: an effective material for nonlinear optical applications
Authors: Anand Sekar , Rani Muthurakku Usha , Kalainathan Sivaperuman , Babu Ravi Shanker
Published: October 2022

The newly grown stilbazolium derivative 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4-N-methyl stilbazolium 2-formyl benzene sulfonate (DSFS) single crystal can be used for multiple applications such as optoelectronics, photonics and nonlinear applications.
Computational study of effect of radiation induced crosslinking on the properties of flattened carbon nanotubes
Authors: Gaikwad Prashik S. , Kowalik Malgorzata , van Duin Adri , Odegard Gregory M.
Published: October 2022

Molecular dynamics simulation of functionalized flattened carbon nanotubes.