bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal structures of six miscellaneous products arising from the oxidation of precursors R
1
R
2
R
3PEAuX (R = tert-butyl or isopropyl; E = S or Se; X = Cl, Br or I)
Authors: Upmann Daniel , Bockfeld Dirk , Jones Peter G.
Published: November 2024

Compound 1, (disulfane-1,2-diyl)bis(tert-butyldiisopropylphosphonium) bis[tetrachloridoaurate(III)], (
t
Bu
i
Pr2P)2S2·[AuCl4]2, contains the first structurally characterized dication of the form {(R
3P)2
E}2
2+. The ions are linked by S...Cl contacts and C—Hmethine...Cl hydrogen bonds to form ribbons of residues parallel to the a axis. Compound 2 is bis(di-tert-butylisopropylphosphine sulfide-κS)gold(I) triiodide/diiodidoaurate(I)(0.905/0.095), [Au(C11H25PS)2][AuI2]0.095(I3)0.905, or [(
t
Bu2

i
PrPS)2Au]I3 with 9.5% of the triiodide replaced by diiodidoaurate(I). Chains of alternating anions and cations parallel to [110] are formed by two S...I contacts. Compound 3 is bis(tert-butyldiisopropylphosphine sulfide-κS)gold(I) triiodide/diiodidoaurate(I)(0.875/0.125), [Au(C10H23PS)2][AuI2]0.125(I3)0.875 or [(
t
Bu
i
Pr2PS)2Au]I3 with 12.5% of the triiodide replaced by diiodoaurate(I). Chains parallel to [101] are formed by two S...I contacts. Compound 4, bis(di-tert-butylisopropylphosphine sulfide-κS)gold(I) heptaiodide, [Au(C11H25PS)2]I7 or [(
t
Bu2

i
PrPS)2Au]I3·2I2, is formally the bis-diiodine adduct of 3, uncontaminated by diiodidoaurate(I). The cations and anions display crystallographic twofold symmetry. The unbranched I7
− groups, I—I...I—I—I...I—I, are bent at the third and fifth atoms. The anions are linked by two S...I contacts to form a layer structure parallel to the bc plane. In all three structures 2–4, there are also weak C—Hmethine...I contacts. Compound 5, dibromido(di-tert-butyldithiophosphato-κ2
S,S′)gold(III), [AuBr2(C8H18PS2)] or [AuBr2(
t
Bu2PS2)], contains a four-membered chelate ring. It crystallizes with imposed mirror symmetry. An S...Br contact links the molecules to form corrugated layers parallel to the bc plane. In compound 6, di-tert-butyl{[di-tert-butyl(hydroxy)phosphanyl]diselanyl}phosphine oxide tetrabromidoaurate(III), (C16H37O2P2Se2)[AuBr4] or [(
t
Bu2OPSe)2H][AuBr4], the cation has a central diselenide unit, and also displays an intracationic hydrogen bond O—H...O. Two Se...Br contacts link the residues to form zigzag chains parallel to [201]. The problem of determining whether an E...X contact (E = chalcogen, X = halogen) represents a halogen bond or a chalcogen bond is discussed.
4′-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine
Authors: Njogu Eric M. , Juma David O. , Zamisa Sizwe J. , Omondi Bernard , Nyamori Vincent O.
Published: November 2024

In the title compound, C22H17N3O, the N atoms of the pyridine rings exhibit a typical trans–trans arrangement: the dihedral angles between the central pyridine ring and the peripheral rings are 22.24 (4) and 2.38 (4)°. In the crystal, pairwise C—H...N hydrogen bonds form inversion dimers described by an R
2
2(6) graph set descriptor, which further interact through C—H...π and π–π interactions, creating a two-dimensional supramolecular network propagating in the bc plane.
Beer drinker perceptions of cannabis-infused beverages
Authors: Staples Aaron J.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

As cannabis markets have expanded and nonalcoholic beer sales have grown, craft beverage manufacturers are increasingly interested in alternative beverage markets for product differentiation. This study evaluates consumer perceptions of nonalcoholic, cannabis-infused beverages to explore the market potential.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used survey data from 1,094 US beer drinkers to identify consumer willingness to try and general perceptions of cannabis-infused beverages. First, we identified who is most likely to try cannabis-infused beverages using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Then, we identified perceptions of cannabis-infused beverages relative to conventional beer by asking respondents to rate the expected taste, nutrition, safety and price for one of three hypothetical product options: a traditional beer, a cannabidiol (CBD) beverage or a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) beverage. Comparisons across products were then drawn using standard statistical tests.

Findings

Approximately 53–56% of beer drinkers in our sample stated they were willing to try cannabis-infused beverages, with age, product knowledge and past purchasing behaviors correlating with this response. Additionally, consumers expected cannabis-infused beverage scores to have similar safety and nutrition metrics to traditional beer but at higher prices. On average, consumers expected CBD- and THC-infused beverages to be $0.33 and $0.98 more expensive per six-pack than a conventional beer, respectively.

Originality/value

With an evolving craft beverage and cannabis landscape, these results provide a glimpse into beer drinkers’ attitudes toward CBD- and THC-infused beverages. The results offer novel insights into the target audience and market potential for cannabis-infused beverages that manufacturers and entrepreneurs can use in their business strategies. Additionally, the findings can be useful to policymakers and public health officials in monitoring this emerging market, informing policy design and designing public health messaging. Lastly, the study opens avenues for future research on consumer perceptions of cannabis versus alcoholic products across academic disciplines.
TCE-DBF: textual context enhanced dynamic bimodal fusion for hate video detection
Authors: Xiong Haitao , Jiao Wei , Cai Yuanyuan
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The occurrence and dissemination of hate videos in social media platform could pose serious harm to both society and individuals. However, the characteristics of the hate videos increase the difficulty of detection task. Hate content is usually presented in a relatively covert manner in videos, and textual content in videos plays an important role in hate video detection. In this work, we propose a textual context enhanced dynamic bimodal fusion (TCE-DBF) method for hate video detection.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed method TCE-DBF introduces dynamic modality gate (DMG) and bimodal fusion transformer network to dynamically integrate multimodalities. Moreover, in order to enhance textual modality in videos, two types of textual context from the video are taken as the input of TCE-DBF. One is extracted from video frames in visual modality. The other is extracted from audio in acoustic modality. Specially, TCE-DBF splits the original audio and learns the sequence representation to capture acoustic temporal information.

Findings

Hate video detection has been one of the hotspots in recent works. However, it still faces two serious challenges. The first challenge is the hate content in videos presented in multimodalities. The second challenge is how to evaluate the importance of different modalities for multimodal fusion modeling. TCE-DBF aims to tackle these challenges. Experimental results on hate video dataset HateMM demonstrate that TCE-DBF outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, and the visualization results show that textual modality plays a more important role in hate video detection. Therefore, it is vital to consider the text in videos.

Originality/value

TCE-DBF can be utilized to effectively detect hate videos on social media. Besides transcript, TCE-DBF considers text in video frames, which makes detection more accurate. Meanwhile, to better achieve multimodal fusion, TCE-DBF uses DMG and bimodal fusion transformer network to dynamically assign different weights to three modalities and integrate them. The proposed TCE-DBF is novel in terms of capturing multimodal features, enhancing the textual modality and achieving high detection performance for hate video detection.
Brand identification in Indonesian tourism: determinant factors and consequences
Authors: Prasetyo Andreas Yogi , Ilmawan Kurnia Fahmy
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the effect of destination brand experience, credibility and value congruence on destination brand identification. This research also aims to examine the effect of destination brand identification on destination brand attachment, advocacy and loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach

Respondents are 352 tourists, both local and international, who have been to destinations of Borobudur, Likupang, Mandalika, Danau Toba and Labuan Bajo. Variables are measured by the 7-Likert scale questionnaires. The questionnaires are spread to tourists in 2022–2023. Data analysis uses path analysis by using structural equation modeling.

Findings

Based on data analysis, destination brand experience, credibility and value congruence have positive effects on destination brand identification. When tourists enjoy a good experience, feel trust (brand credibility) and have similar values with the brand (value congruence), tourists perceive that the brand can fulfill their needs. The result also shows that destination brand identification has a positive effect on destination brand attachment, advocacy and loyalty.

Originality/value

This research contributes to filling the previous gap where most tourism studies focus on the emotional and/or cognitive elements of tourism as a product and tourism consumption. This research captures the tourism business from the context of branding including destination brand experience, destination brand credibility and value congruence to determine tourist destination brand identification. This research also contributes to providing new evidence of brand identification’s role to determine destination attachment, advocacy and loyalty in Indonesia.
Towards a value-in-use view of retail stockout costs
Authors: Thomas Rodney
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this perspective paper is to theorize a more comprehensive view of retail stockout costs and explore the potential operationalization of this perspective for improved supply chain decisions and resulting performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The retail stockout literature is reviewed to summarize the current types of out-of-stock costs. Theoretical foundations of Service Dominant Logic are suggested as a more holistic, accurate and useful view for stockout cost conceptualization. Market Basket Analysis and Real Options Analysis are identified as tools to help operationalize a revised value-in-use approach to stockout costs.

Findings

This research enhances our understanding of stockout costs and corresponding managerial actions with meaningful implications for retail supply chain performance.

Originality/value

This research deviates from traditional inventory theory to provide a unique perspective on stockout costs that is conceptualized within the literature and operationalized with the novel combination of cross-functional analytical tools.
Digitalized co-production of emergency response: ICT-enabled dispatch and coordination of volunteers at the emergency site
Authors: Pilemalm Sofie , Follin Anna , Prytz Erik
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Volunteers play an increasingly important role in emergency response logistics. However, to make most use of their capabilities, they need to be dispatched to the emergency site in an effective manner and coordinated on-site. The purpose of this study is to present a requirements specification and initial design proposal for ICT-enabled dispatch of volunteers as first responders as part of emergency response digitalized co-production initiatives.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a case study approach inspired by action research and the theoretical lens of digitalized co-production. It includes a variety of methods for data collection, including interviews with volunteers, document analysis and participation in workshops.

Findings

The major themes identified are geofencing, dispatch coordination, dynamic resource allocation and communication and collaboration. First priority requirements include geofencing alert and positioning, a joint application programming interface, receipt of alert, receipt if arrival at incident site, withdrawal of resources, chat functionality and the ability to alert in descending order within the geofenced areas to avoid alarm fatigue. As to coordination and dynamic resource allocation, e.g. built-in alert restrictions, ability to pre-select profiles and to dispatch based on competence/training, capacity and equipment would enable a more optimized response.

Originality/value

While previous research on digital volunteerism mainly embraces spontaneous volunteers and social media, this study addresses long-time collaboration with professional response organizations – digitalized co-production – with a focus on the dispatch, coordination and task allocation of volunteers that are central to their integration with emergency response logistics.
Every coin has two sides: a self-determination perspective on the relationship between algorithmic management and gig workers’ job burnout
Authors: Peng Juan , Wei Minyuan , Loi Teng Iat , Li Jiaojiao
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This research focuses on how algorithmic management, as a primary method of platform governance, affects job burnout among gig workers. Drawing on self-determination theory, our study examines the various effects of algorithmic management’s aspects on gig workers' job burnout.

Design/methodology/approach

This study targeted gig workers (car drivers and food-delivery workers) and was conducted in two waves. Data analysis was facilitated using SPSS 22.0 and MPlus 8.4, a tool for CB-SEM (covariance-based structural equation modeling).

Findings

Algorithmic evaluation and discipline increase job burnout by negatively impacting gig workers' basic psychological needs. Algorithmic direction, in contrast, alleviates job burnout by enhancing basic psychological needs among gig workers.

Practical implications

Platform companies should address gig workers’ burnout by implementing advanced algorithmic management and providing autonomy-supportive environments. Adopting human-centric algorithmic practices can strengthen the platform–worker relationship, boost competence and reduce resistance to oversight.

Originality/value

Our study contributes to the literature by examining the various effects of algorithmic management on gig workers. By applying self-determination theory, we provide a novel perspective on understanding the mechanisms of job burnout in the gig economy.
Audit partner narcissism and audit reports readability: evidence from lead and review audit partners
Authors: Rajabalizadeh Javad , Schadewitz Hannu
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the impact of audit partners’ narcissism on the readability of audit reports for companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). It examines the effects of narcissism among both lead and review audit partners on the clarity of audit reports, considering the regulatory requirements and auditing practices within the Iranian financial reporting context.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper analyzed 2,691 firm-year observations from TSE-listed companies spanning 2011–2023, using ordinary least squares regression. Readability of audit reports was assessed using the FOG index, with the size of partners’ signatures serving as a proxy for narcissism.

Findings

The findings indicate a significant negative relationship between increased narcissism and audit report readability; higher levels of narcissism correspond with elevated FOG index scores. Narcissism in lead partners notably diminishes readability more than that of review partners. This pattern holds across various robustness checks, including alternative readability metrics, variations in auditor engagement complexity, auditor specialization, subsets of qualified audit reports and considerations for endogeneity. Audit reports for economically significant clients tend to be clearer, suggesting a preference for reputation management over yielding to client pressure. Although no direct link was established between partners’ quality and readability, a positive relationship exists between audit firm rank and partners’ narcissism. Furthermore, interactions between auditor and CEO narcissism increase report complexity, especially in contentious negotiation scenarios. Despite regulatory advancements such as International Auditing Standard 701, its moderating effects were found to be inconsequential, highlighting the persistent influence of narcissism on audit report outcomes.

Originality/value

This research expands the understanding of how auditor personality traits, particularly narcissism, affect audit outcomes. By exploring the influence of narcissism on report readability within the Iranian context, this study fills a notable gap in the literature on emerging markets and non-Western reporting environments, providing valuable insights into global audit practices.
Unraveling the impact of minimalism on green purchase intention: insights from theory of planned behavior
Authors: Beuria Rakesh Kumar , Kondasani Rama Koteswara Rao , Mahato Jogeswar
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the impact of minimalism, attitude, perceived behavioral control and subjective norm on green purchase intention in the fashion industry using the theory of planned behavior (TPB).

Design/methodology/approach

The study used the mall-intercept technique to collect data from shopping malls across six cities in India by administering a structured questionnaire. The sample comprised 230 responses, which were analyzed using the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The findings highlighted that minimalism, subjective norm, attitude and perceived behavior control significantly affect the purchase intention of green apparel in fashion industries. This strengthens the validity of the TPB in explaining green purchasing intention among educated individuals from Generations Y and Z in India.

Practical implications

This study is crucial for corporate leaders and academia as it embarks on new findings from young Indian consumers’ perspective. Minimalistic principles shape consumers’ purchasing attitude by enhancing their confidence and ability to adopt green consumption practices.

Originality/value

The study advances the comprehension of sustainable fashion marketing in India by investigating the correlation between customers’ minimalism and purchasing intention regarding sustainable apparel.
Responses of a widespread pest insect to extreme high temperatures are stage‐dependent and divergent among seasonal cohorts
Authors: Zhu Liang , Yuan Ming‐Zhu , Armitage David W. , Ma Chun‐Sen
Published: November 2024

Insect populations in temperate climates can show seasonal differences in demographic rates. Extreme high‐temperature events (EHTs) are increasing in frequency across all seasons. These may, in turn, disrupt insects' season‐specific demographic strategies. However, whether insect populations respond to EHTs in a season‐specific fashion is not known, but may be critical for forecasting their responses to climate change.

We conducted a series of common garden experiments measuring the inherent vital rates of spring, summer, and autumn cohorts of a global nonmigratory pest, the oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta), under constant mild temperatures, EHT exposures at different life stages, and short‐term heat hardening followed by EHT exposure at different life stages. We simultaneously conducted a 4‐year survey of G. molesta in orchards to link our experimental results to observed population dynamics in the field.

We encountered intrinsic variation in vital rates and reproductive traits among seasonal cohorts, such that summer cohorts had higher intrinsic population growth rates but smaller eggs than spring and autumn cohorts. Moreover, these responses varied among the life stages to which the EHT was applied. Pre‐acclimation via heat hardening did not strongly affect these results but did slightly increase growth rates when applied to late‐stage larvae. These results were qualitatively recovered in natural population time series, with moderate EHTs enhancing population growth in the spring and reducing it in autumn.

Our results underscore the importance of climatic seasonality in shaping season‐specific thermal responses to EHTs among ectotherms. Season‐specific EHT responses can potentially enhance growth of weak spring cohorts and depress the growth of autumn cohorts failing in dormancy, thereby contributing to insects' annual population persistence. Our study helps clarify how a deeper understanding of season and life‐stage‐specific heat responses can enable a more informed forecasting and management of multivoltine insect populations under climate change.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Broadband seismic data acquisition and processing of iron oxide deposits in Blötberget, Sweden
Authors: Gyger Lea , Malehmir Alireza , Manzi Musa , Vivin Lilas , Lépine Jean , Kaslilar Ayse , Valishin Oleg , Marsden Paul , Hamerslag Ronne
Published: November 2024

In June 2022, an innovative seismic survey was conducted in Blötberget, central Sweden, to evaluate the effectiveness of employing both a broadband seismic source and broadband receivers for mineral exploration in a challenging hardrock setting. The Blötberget mine hosts high‐quality iron oxides, predominantly magnetite and hematite, sometimes enriched with apatite. These deposits comprise 10–50 m thick sheet‐like horizons with a moderate eastward dip (45°) along an NNE‐trending zone. The survey employed a combination of co‐located micro‐electromechanical sensors, three‐component recorders, surface and borehole distributed acoustic sensing, along with a 77‐kN broadband seismic vibrator operating with 2–200 Hz linear sweeps. A tailored processing workflow was applied to preserve the broadband nature of the recorded data, and a one‐dimensional velocity model was derived from the borehole distributed acoustic sensing data for migration and time‐to‐depth conversion purposes. Compared to the previous seismic surveys, the resulting seismic cross section reveals several well‐defined reflections with improved resolution. Notably, a reflection intersecting the main deposits at a depth of approximately 1200 m exhibits a distinct polarity reversal relative to the reflection from the mineralization, providing further evidence for its interpretation as originating from a fault zone. Shallow reflections align with geological boundaries and partially coincide with weak magnetic anomalies. Additional reflections were revealed underneath the known mineralization on both sides of the fault zone and may suggest the presence of potential additional resources. The delineation of these reflections and the fault zone is critical for future mine planning and development in the region. This case study underscores the potential of broadband data in achieving high‐resolution subsurface imaging in hardrock environment and its pivotal role in mineral resource assessment processes.
Sex ratio and spatial distribution of Cycas panzhihuaensis in Sichuan Panzhihua cycad National Nature Reserve
Authors: Yang Yong‐Qiong , Yang Lei‐Lei , Lin Jiang‐Bin , Xiang Jing‐Ru , Zhou Bin , Li Huan , Ma Shao‐Wei , Li Ling‐Fei , Zhang Shou‐Zhou
Published: November 2024

The sex ratio of the endemic gymnosperm Cycas panzhihuaensis was investigated within a 1 ha permanent plot in the Sichuan Panzhihua Cycad National Nature Reserve, with a total of 1034 individuals. The study was based on the potential sex‐determining gene MADS‐Y. The research analyzed the sex dimorphism and spatial distribution of male and female individuals. The findings revealed the following: (1) The coning sex ratio of C. panzhihuaensis in the study plot varied across different years. The genotypic sex ratio was 1:1 (p > 0.05), indicating no significant gender bias in the population. (2) Female individuals exhibited larger stem diameter and nutrient leaf length compared with male individuals (p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in stem height and number of nutrient leaves between female and male populations (p > 0.05). (3) The spatial distribution of male and female individuals within the plot revealed a clear clustering pattern at a smaller scale and a random or uniform distribution at a larger scale. The spatial association between male and female populations was positively correlated on smaller scales and uncorrelated on larger scales. These results suggest that the genotypic sex ratio of the C. panzhihuaensis population in the study plot is balanced. Additionally, there is a significant clustering effect in spatial pattern, which may be associated with its spatially limited pollination mechanism and seed dispersal primarily influenced by gravity.
The fertility recovering from heat stress and interactions of heat shock protein 20 with reproduction‐related proteins in Monochamus alternatus
Authors: Li Hui , Li Shouyin , Yang Hualei , Tan Yushan , Zhao Peiyuan , Ye Jianren , Hao Dejun
Published: November 2024

Due to the rise in global temperatures with climate change, insects, as ectotherms, critically depend on their heat tolerance for survival and reproduction. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are essential for heat tolerance by averting protein denaturation; however, whether HSPs contribute to reproduction‐related heat tolerance remains largely unexplored. The study investigated the reproductive heat tolerance and recovery of Monochamus alternatus, a major forestry pest, in response to heat stress. Alongside impairing the development and viability of reproductive organs and sperm, heat stress was also found to reduce fecundity, fertility, mating, and oviposition behaviors. Remarkably, all reproductive parameters of M. alternatus recovered within 4 weeks postexposure. To investigate the recovery mechanisms, we identified 10 reproduction‐related proteins as candidate substrate proteins of an HSP protein in M. alternatus using immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry analysis. Heat stress inhibited the transcription of these reproduction‐related genes, thereby adversely affecting reproductive parameters. However, the induction of HSP20s transcription in response to heat stress appeared to facilitate the refolding of these critical reproduction‐related proteins during the recovery phase, thus preventing lasting reproductive damage. Overall, this study suggests that while M. alternatus populations might be vulnerable to climate‐induced temperature increases, their fertility can recover, mediated by the interaction of HSPs with reproduction‐related genes. These findings offer profound insights into insect heat tolerance and recovery, expanding our understanding of HSP20 proteins’ biological functions.
Genotype and sex affect the combined impact of temperature and low‐dose insecticide exposure on insect survival
Authors: Martelli Felipe , Alves Andre Nogueira , Yang Ying Ting , Batterham Philip , Wedell Nina
Published: November 2024

Insecticide contamination and climate change are key factors driving the global decline in insect populations. However, how these factors interact to impact insect survival remains uncertain. In this study, we examined the effects of sex and genotype on the response to long‐term low insecticide exposure at two temperatures, 18 °C and 28 °C, using the Drosophila melanogaster model. We focused on a polymorphic gene, Cyp6g1, known for conferring broad insecticide resistance. We found that while temperature and insecticide have a synergistic effect on mortality of susceptible flies (Cyp6g1—M allele), they act additively on resistant flies (Cyp6g1—BA allele). And whereas the mortality of BA flies exposed to insecticides is strongly dependent on sex at 18 °C, no sex bias is found at 28 °C. Under no insecticide exposure, BA females showed shorter median lifespan than males regardless of temperature, possibly reflecting a cost associated with the resistant allele. Surprisingly, across all genotypes, females showed lower Cyp6g1 gene expression levels than males, which contrasts with their higher insecticide tolerance. Temperature and insecticide exposure had small effects on Cyp6g1 expression levels, suggesting the presence of additional mechanisms of resistance. Our results indicate that the effect of high insecticide doses on insect mortality cannot be used to predict how insects will respond to low contaminating doses, especially when considering the strong interactions between sex, temperature, and genotype. The combined effects of temperature and long‐term low insecticide exposure are complex and can have major impacts on insect population dynamics and survival.
To be or not to be a nonhost species: A case study of the Leptosphaeria maculans and Brassica carinata interaction
Authors: Noah Julie M. , Gorse Mathilde , Romain Carole‐Anne , Gay Elise J. , Rouxel Thierry , Balesdent Marie‐Hélène , Soyer Jessica L.
Published: November 2024

Leptosphaeria maculans is one of the major fungal pathogens on oilseed rape (Brassica napus), causing stem canker disease. The closely related Brassica species B. nigra, B. juncea, and B. carinata display extreme resistance toward stem canker. In this study, we demonstrate the nonhost status of B. carinata toward L. maculans in France through field experiments and inoculations performed in controlled conditions. A few isolates moderately adapted to B. carinata in controlled conditions were recovered in the field on B. nigra leaves, allowing us to investigate the unusual B. carinata–L. maculans interactions using molecular, macroscopic, and microscopic analyses. A cross between a L. maculans isolate adapted to B. napus and an isolate moderately adapted to B. carinata allowed the generation, in the lab, of recombinant L. maculans strains better adapted to B. carinata than the natural parental isolate obtained from B. nigra, and highlighted the polygenic determinism of the adaptation of L. maculans to B. carinata and B. napus. This biological material will allow further investigation of the molecular determinants of the adaptation of L. maculans to nonhost species and elucidate the genetic resistance basis of B. carinata.
Assessment of the cyst wall and surface microbiota in dormant embryos of the Antarctic calanoid copepod, Boeckella poppei
Authors: Arrington Hunter B. , Lee Sung Gu , Lee Jun Hyuck , Covi Joseph A.
Published: November 2024

Embryos of zooplankton from inland waters and estuaries can remain viable for years in an extreme state of metabolic suppression. How these embryos resist microbial attack with limited metabolic capacity for immune defence or repair is unknown. As a first step in evaluating resistance to microbial attack in dormant zooplankton, surface colonization of the Antarctic freshwater copepod, Boeckella poppei, was evaluated. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrate the outer two layers of a five‐layered cyst wall in B. poppei fragment and create a complex environment for microbial colonization. By contrast, the third layer remains undamaged during years of embryo storage in native sediment. The absence of damage to the third layer indicates that it is resistant to degradation by microbial enzymes. Scanning electron microscopy and microbiome analysis using the 16S ribosomal subunit gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region demonstrate the presence of a diverse microbial community on the embryo surface. Coverage of the embryos with microbial life varies from a sparse population with individual microbes to complete coverage by a thick biofilm. Extracellular polymeric substance binds debris and provides a structural element for the microbial community. Frequent observation of bacterial fission indicates that the biofilm is viable in stored sediments.
Uniportal Robotic Lobectomy and Lymphadenectomy for Invasive Lung Cancer: A Novel Approach and Perioperative Outcomes
Authors: Lin Shengcheng , Yu Xiangyang , Xu Yafei , Xin Yu , He Jie , Yu Zhentao , Zhao Hongbo , Yang Chenglin , Ma Kai
Published: November 2024

Background

Multiport robot‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (mRATS) has been comprehensively evaluated for its clinical efficacy in numerous studies. Nevertheless, the safety and feasibility of uniportal robotic lobectomy and lymphadenectomy require further validation.

Methods

The clinical data of 34 consecutive patients with lung cancer who underwent improved uniportal robotic‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (uRATS) at our hospital between November 2023 and June 2024 were reviewed retrospectively. Camera‐centered uRATS was conducted using the da Vinci Surgical Xi system (Intuitive Surgical Inc., 1266 Kifer Road, Sunnyvale, CA 94086, USA). Descriptive statistics are expressed as numbers with percentages for categorical data or medians (ranges) or means with standard deviations for continuous data.

Results

Improved uRATS lobectomy and lymphadenectomy were conducted in 34 patients with postoperative pathology‐diagnosed invasive lung cancer. Among the patients, the median number of lymph nodes dissected was 24.5 (range 10–42), and the median number of stations with lymph nodes dissected was 8 (range 6–11). The median durations of the operation and the uRATS procedure were 200 min (range, 142–330 min) and 140 min (range, 80–242 min), and the median intraoperative blood loss volume was 20 mL (range, 10–100 mL), respectively. All postoperative complications, including pneumonia (2/34, 5.8%), air leakage > 5 days (2/34, 5.8%), prolonged wound healing (1/34, 2.9%), and arrhythmia (1/34, 2.9%), were graded as Clavien–Dindo grades I–II. There were no cases of wound infection or postoperative 30‐day mortality.

Conclusion

The safety and feasibility of uRATS lobectomy and lymphadenectomy using the da Vinci Surgical Xi system have been preliminarily validated.
Assessing the impacts of satellite tagging on growth rates of immature hawksbill turtles
Authors: Stokes Holly J. , Stokes Kimberley L. , Mortimer Jeanne A. , Laloë Jacques‐Olivier , Esteban Nicole , Hays Graeme C.
Published: November 2024

Animal‐borne devices including transmitters, data loggers and identification tags are widely used across taxa to address important biological and ecological questions. Some of these devices may affect fitness, hence studies to assess device impacts are important across taxa and developmental stages.

We assessed the impact of satellite tagging on sea turtles at a foraging site in the Indian Ocean. Hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) were captured, and satellite tags (Fastloc‐GPS Argos) attached to 25 individuals between 2018 and 2021, with a mean straight carapace length (SCLn‐t) of 55.3 ± 6.9 cm (range = 47.9–69.5 cm; N = 21). We recaptured 12 tagged turtles and removed 11 tags between 2021 and 2023 and estimated growth rates of tagged (N = 10) and untagged (N = 44) animals (mean SCL range = 33.3–69.4 cm) using capture–mark–recapture of 54 individuals at liberty for 730–1095 days.

Growth rates decreased exponentially as turtle size increased, and we found no significant difference between tagged and untagged growth rates and body condition. We also found no damage to the carapace from the tag attachment.

We suggest that tagging does not impact growth rates at this study site because the turtles (i) typically maintain small home ranges in the lagoon and (ii) are benthic feeders, not actively pursuing prey. We encourage best practice to study the effects of satellite tagging on turtle populations around the world, as the outlook may be different for animals that swim long distances and/or carry large devices.
The Correlation Between the Eyelids Characteristics and Their Kinetic Performance in Two Wild Birds
Authors: Shawki Nahed Ahmed , Al‐Nefeiy Fatma A. , Mahmoud Fatma Abdel‐Regal
Published: November 2024

The present avian anatomists have shown a renewed interest in looking at whether the structure of the avian eyelid is accommodated by the kinetic achievement for each eyelid. The current work utilised both histological and anatomical methods to explore the eyelid's structural association with their kinetic, utilising the hoopoe and cattle egret as natural models. The third lid moved only without implicating other lids. Wrinkles on the edge of the hoopoe's eyelid became less pronounced during the opening phase, in contrast to, the edge of the egret's eyelid. The elevator muscle was visible only in the hoopoe, while both birds possessed the retractor anguli oculi muscles. The two later muscles collaborate with the depressor muscle during the closure phase. Two types of collagen I and III were detected within the stroma of the eyelids of both bird species; the elastic fibres was observed; few were in the hoopoe's eyelids. The eyelid edge of the hoopoe has more of the elastic fibres than those in its eyelid skin. The hoopoe's eyelid's epithelial layers contained more cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) than the egret. In conclusion, the anatomical traits of the hoopoe eyelids contribute to its greater motion compared to the egret eyelids.
The Severity of Allergic Reactions in a Real‐World Environment Is Independent of the Eliciting Amounts of Foods
Authors: Piletta‐Zanin Alexandre , Scherl Alexander , Benhamou Avigael , Braendle Gabriel , Caubet Jean‐Christoph , Graham François , Grosgurin Olivier , Harr Thomas , Manzano Sergio , Nigolian Haig , Ortelli Didier , Pahud Jean‐Pierre , la Tour Aude Tonson , Spechbach Hervé , Edder Patrick , Eigenmann Philippe A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Patients with food allergies need personalized information on their risk of reaction in “real‐life” situations. This multicentric study aimed to investigate the link during accidental reactions between the nature and amount of food allergens consumed in “real‐life situation” and the severity of the symptoms.

Methods

Patients were prospectively recruited from December 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021, at the emergency departments in the Geneva University Hospitals and local pediatric emergency facilities, through an allergy outpatient clinic, at school and daycare facilities and trough their primary care physicians. Medical history of patients presenting reactions suggestive with immediate food allergy and suspected food samples were collected. Allergy diagnostic tests were retrospectively and prospectively collected. The samples were analyzed for their allergen content.

Results

We recruited 147 subjects with an accidental immediate‐type allergic reaction to a food. We were able to collect 115 reaction‐eliciting food samples allowing to quantify the allergen amount causing the reaction, as well as correlating this amount to the severity of the reaction. Children represented a large part of the reactors, and most reactions were to common food allergens such as tree nuts, cow's milk as well as peanuts and hen's egg. Reactions were mostly to prepackaged foods and seven reactions were to products with precautionary allergy labeling, or without labelling to the eliciting allergen. Reactions were of various degrees of severity, and independent to the amount of allergen ingested.

Discussion

The severity of reactions did not show a direct correlation with allergen quantity, emphasizing individual sensitivity. Some reactions occurred with allergen amounts significantly below the legal limit for mandatory labelling of 1 g/kg (1000 ppm) in Switzerland. The study also highlighted considerable variability in allergen concentrations in foods labeled with possible “contaminations” or “traces”. These findings raise questions about the accuracy of allergen labeling and regulations in Switzerland.
Research on a novel flexible bionic artificial anal sphincter
Authors: Wang Minghui , Zhou Wei , Liu Yunlong , Yu Hongliu
Published: November 2024

Background

Artificial anal sphincter is a novel method for the treatment of fecal incontinence. Aiming at the problems of complex mechanical structure, high mechanical failure rate, large volume and poor biocompatibility of existing artificial anal sphincters, this article proposes a novel flexible artificial anal sphincter with bionic structure.

Methods

A novel flexible artificial anal sphincter was proposed with bionic structure by analogy with the puborectalis, flexible transmission by flexible tendons, good biocompatibility by using thermoplastic urethane and medical silicone, small size and lightweight. The interaction between the rectum and the artificial anal sphincter is simulated by the finite element analysis, and the changes of the anorectal angle and the stress during the traction process of the rectum are analyzed.

Results

The results suggest that the formed anorectal angle of <90° may effectively control defecation, so the effectiveness of the artificial anal sphincter is preliminarily verified. When the traction angle was 71° and the intestinal tube was basically closed, the maximum equivalent stress was 148.45 kPa, the maximum and minimum principal stress were 88.37 and 82.74 kPa, which were all below the safety pressure that initially verified the safety of the artificial anal sphincter.

Conclusion

The novel flexible artificial anal sphincter may effectively reduce the stress between the device and the rectum and improve the biomechanical compatibility.
Utility of PSA free‐to‐total ratio for clinically significant prostate cancer in men with a PSA level of <4 ng/mL
Authors: Sii Samuel , Papa Nathan , Yiu Ting Wai , Tempo Jake , Qu Liang , Perera Marlon , Thompson Ian , Ischia Joseph , Fleshner Neil , Smith Elliot , Ranasinghe Weranja , Bolton Damien , Woon Dixon T.S.
Published: November 2024

Objective

To investigate the relationship between the prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) free‐to‐total ratio (FTR) and International Society of Urological Pathology Grade Group ≥2, clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in men with a low PSA level (≤4 ng/mL).

Patients and Methods

Data were obtained from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. Patients with a PSA level of ≤4 ng/mL and who received a biopsy within a year of this PSA measurement were included. Associations between FTR and csPCa were investigated with logistic regression, adjusting for age and PSA, a re‐scaled Brier score (index of predictive accuracy), and decision curve analysis.

Results

A total of 406 patients were analysed with 139 (34%) having csPCa and 204 (50%) having any grade PCa. For those with an FTR ≤0.15, 46% had csPCa, vs 22% for those with a ratio ≥0.20. In a regression model, the predicted probability of csPCa for a 60‐year‐old with a PSA of 3 ng/mL was 61% if the FTR was 0.05, falling to 18% if the FTR was 0.30. A clear negative relationship between increasing FTR and probability of csPCa was observed. A model containing FTR additional to PSA and age provides greater net benefit as per decision curve analysis and likely superior discrimination and calibration measured by a higher index of predictive accuracy.

Conclusions

In middle‐aged men with a PSA level between 1.5 and 4 ng/mL but otherwise indicated for biopsy, a low FTR is associated with higher rates of csPCa. It should be utilised as an additional, readily available and inexpensive test to improve prediction of csPCa and aid in patient counselling.
Fibrous corona is reduced in cancer cell lines that attenuate microtubule nucleation from kinetochores
Authors: Ishikawa Yudai , Fukue Hirotaka , Iwakami Runa , Ikeda Masanori , Iemura Kenji , Tanaka Kozo
Published: November 2024

Most cancer cells show increased chromosome missegregation, known as chromosomal instability (CIN), which promotes cancer progression and drug resistance. The underlying causes of CIN in cancer cells are not fully understood. Here we found that breast cancer cell lines show a reduced kinetochore localization of ROD, ZW10, and Zwilch, components of the fibrous corona, compared with non‐transformed breast epithelial cell lines. The fibrous corona is a structure formed on kinetochores before their end‐on attachment to microtubules and plays a role in efficient kinetochore capture and the spindle assembly checkpoint. The reduction in the fibrous corona was not due to reduced expression levels of the fibrous corona components or to a reduction in outer kinetochore components. Kinetochore localization of Bub1 and CENP‐E, which play a role in the recruitment of the fibrous corona to kinetochores, was reduced in cancer cell lines, presumably due to reduced activity of Mps1, which is required for their recruitment to kinetochores through phosphorylating KNL1. Increasing kinetochore localization of Bub1 and CENP‐E in cancer cells restored the level of the fibrous corona. Cancer cell lines showed a reduced capacity to nucleate microtubules from kinetochores, which was recently shown to be dependent on the fibrous corona, and increasing kinetochore localization of Bub1 and CENP‐E restored the microtubule nucleation capacity on kinetochores. Our study revealed a distinct feature of cancer cell lines that may be related to CIN.
Children's emerging ability to balance internal and external cognitive resources
Authors: Dicken Lily , Suddendorf Thomas , Bulley Adam , Irish Muireann , Redshaw Jonathan
Published: November 2024

Australian children aged 6–9 years (N = 120, 71 females; data collected in 2021‐2022) were tasked with remembering the locations of 1, 3, 5, and 7 targets hidden under 25 cups on different trials. In the critical test phase, children were provided with a limited number of tokens to allocate across trials, which they could use to mark target locations and assist future memory performance. Following the search period, children were invited to adjust their previous token allocation. Although 8‐ to 9‐year‐olds prospectively allocated proportionately more tokens to more difficult trials, 6‐ to 7‐year‐olds did so only in retrospect. During middle childhood, humans become increasingly adept at weighing up when to rely on their unaided capacities and when to offload cognitive demand.
Angiosarcoma of the Scalp Mimicking an Inflammatory Scarring Alopecia and Diagnosed on Horizontal Histologic Sections
Authors: Shan Divya M. , Noland Mary‐Margaret B. , Diaz‐Perez Julio A. , Boikos Sosipatros A. , Mochel Mark C.
Published: November 2024

While most forms of alopecia neoplastica are attributable to cutaneous metastases from visceral primary malignancies, rarely a diffuse primary skin cancer may present as alopecia. Herein, we present a case of angiosarcoma which clinically mimicked an inflammatory alopecia and was diagnosed by examination of alopecia‐protocol horizontal histologic sections. A 72‐year‐old female presented to her dermatologist with a chief complaint of hair loss and pruritus. She was noted to have alopecia with erythema of the scalp and was diagnosed clinically with lichen planopilaris. However, when multiple topical treatments were unsuccessful, her dermatologist performed a scalp biopsy to guide further alopecia therapy. Horizontally oriented histologic sections were prepared from the biopsy in standard alopecia fashion. Histopathologic examination revealed a proliferation of dissecting vascular channels lined by atypical endothelial cells, diagnostic of angiosarcoma. The patient underwent radiation and chemotherapy with clinical response and had stable disease for several years thereafter. This case highlights the importance of considering unexpected malignancies in the clinical and pathologic examination of cases of suspected inflammatory alopecia.
Moral Feeling in a Museum: Learning Through an Exemplar‐Based Thematic Exhibition
Authors: Song Yanpeng
Published: November 2024

In this paper, I explore the rational and characteristics of exemplar‐based thematic exhibitions as an approach to promoting children's moral feeling in China's museums. This approach concerns the interaction between historical events, moral exemplars, as well as children's emotional and moral experiences in the context of an exhibition on a particular theme. By analyzing the specific thematic exhibition titled Caretakers of the Mogao Caves, I will argue that, by focusing on relevant exemplars, affective stories, and reflective dialogues, museums can provide fertile ground for kindling children's moral feelings of empathy and developing their conscience.