bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Right to Conscientious Objection as a Constitutional Category: Selected Issues. A Comparative Study of Fundamental Laws and Constitutional Courts’ Jurisprudence
Authors:   University of Rzeszow, Maroń Grzegorz
Published: June 2024

The article presents the results of a comparative study focusing on the right to conscientious objection in constitutions of modern states. This right is primarily associated with military service. In approximately a dozen constitutions, it stands as an independent, general right to conscientious objection. The constitutional scope of the given right is typically broad, with lawmakers seldom specifying the sources or conditions for its exercise. The contentious nature of the analysed right causes its explicit challenge in several constitutions. Case law, especially that of constitutional courts, reveals that the normative presence and the specifics of the right to conscientious objection within a particular legal system may not necessarily originate directly from constitutional provisions. Court decisions rendered in various countries sometimes attribute a constitutional character to this right, even when the fundamental law does not explicitly articulate it. Conversely, there are occasional restrictive interpretations of unequivocal constitutional provisions regarding conscientious objection.
Supranational Thinking out of the Box. “To Ensure that the Law is Observed”: Anchoring the Value Turn and Supranational. Legality in the Case Law of the Court of Justice
Authors:   University of Gdansk, Koncewicz Tomasz T.
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the European Union (“EU”) has faced unprecedented challenges in the rule of law. Besides apparent dangers, it has also offered the Union, its institutions and member states important space for new openings, self-rediscovery, and revisiting certain integration paradigms. This analysis argues that the “rule of law/value crisis” in the EU has created the same space for the Court of Justice to take on the paradigmatic jurisprudential shift from the market to the union of law and values. It posits that the European discourse must revisit the theory of supranational adjudication and offer a new reading of the Court’s mandate and function within the evolving supranational governance and design. In this process, reference to Art. 19 TEU and its connection to Art. 2 TEU have a special explicatory and axiological significance.
The Structuralist Study of Constitutional Law: a New Paradigm in Teaching Law
Authors:   University of Marília – UNIMAR, Brazil, Piacenti Lara Guimarães , de Oliveira Emerson Ademir Borges ,   University of Marília – UNIMAR, Brazil, Ryndack Jaqueline Maria ,   University of Marília – UNIMAR, Brazil
Published: June 2024

równowagaThe aim of this paper is the structuralist study of constitutional law teaching: the organization of constitutional law based on the three foundations of neoconstitutionalism. The systemic vision of the legal system involves not only perceiving the Law as a whole but visualizing all this from a fundamental law that serves as an interpretive basis. It’s conceived that constitutional law, in a broad sense, encompasses constitutional theory and constitutional law. It’s subdivided into separation of powers, balance between powers, and guarantee of rights. All other themes, in this regard, would derive from these three bases. It involves the organization of powers, control of constitutionality, and fundamental rights. Thus, for example, the study of the organization of each of the powers, the control of constitutionality and fundamental rights, correspondingly. This format allows a holistic view of constitutional law and the constitutions.
Remote Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Visegrad Countries
Authors:   Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Kancik-Kołtun Ewelina
Published: June 2024

The aim of this article is to explore the issue of remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Visegrad countries. The paper consists of a theoretical part, an empirical part and a discussion of the results of the research conducted by the author. The first section of the article defines remote work. Later, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labour market is described. In the next section, legal changes related to remote work in Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Hungary are presented. The legal regulations in the V4 countries are examined using a legal-dogmatic method, while the changes in the legislation – with a historical method. Subsequently, the article focuses on empirical research methodology and analyses the research results. The comparative analysis is based on data collected in the four Visegrad countries (Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic and Hungary).
Special Assistance of Public Authorities to Mothers before and after Childbirth and the Limits of Pursuing these Rights in the Light of Article 71 section 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland – Selected Issues
Authors:   University of Rzeszow, Stecko Sylwia
Published: June 2024

The aim of the article is to present selected issues related to the implementation of women’s right to special state assistance in a period as important as the period of maternity, as well as the scope and limits of this protection. The protection of mothers provided for in Art. 71 sec. 2 of the Constitution requires an increase in the standard of protection and assistance. According to the author, the Constitution creates sufficient grounds for public authorities to provide assistance to mothers in such an important period as motherhood. The Constitution left the scope of this assistance to the statutes.
Glosa do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z 17 maja 2023 r., sygn. akt II OSK 1461/20
Authors:   Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Kuczma Paweł
Published: June 2024

The subject of the commented judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court (II OSK 1461/20) is the issue of determining the admissibility of transposing the British act of same sex marriage under Polish law. A judgment permitting such a substantive and technical act would lead to the preparation of a marriage certificate containing personal data of persons of the same sex. Currently, administrative court share the position on the refusal under Polish law to transcribe the act of marriage concluded abroad by of the same sex. However, the NSA presents a position that may evolve. For this reason, arguments have been presented to consistently distinguish marriage between a man and women a same-sex relationship.
Sprawozdanie. I Kaliskie Seminarium Prawnicze pt. „Aktualne problemy stosowania Konstytucji RP”, Kalisz, 26 stycznia 2024 r.
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kaliski im. Prezydenta Stanisława Wojciechowskiego, Kowalska Samanta
Published: June 2024

Report. 1st Kalisz Legal Seminar on “Current problems in the application of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland”, Kalisz, January 26, 2024.
Methods for Recovering Conditional Independence Graphs: A Survey
Authors: Shrivastava Harsh , Chajewska Urszula
Published: June 2024

Conditional Independence (CI) graphs are a type of Probabilistic Graphical Models that are primarily used to gain insights about feature relationships. Each edge represents the partial correlation between the connected features which gives information about their direct dependence. In this survey, we list different methods and study the advances in techniques developed to recover CI graphs. We cover traditional optimization methods as well as recently developed deep learning architectures along with their recommended implementations. To facilitate wider adoption, we include preliminaries that consolidate associated operations, for example techniques to obtain covariance matrix for mixed datatypes.
A Look at Thyroid Functions as a Predictor on Prognosis of Critically Ill Patients in İntensive Care Units from the Perspective of Covid-19.
Authors: Tümer Murat , Bulut Yüksel Nihal Deniz , Kılıçarslan Banu , Akıncı Seda Banu
Published: June 2024

Aim: Thyroid gland can be affected both by cytokine storm and through angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors. A worse prognosis has been described in patients with low fT3 levels. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of thyroid function during COVID-ICU hospitalization.
Methods: After ethical approval, 100 COVID-19 patients followed in the ICU between March 2020 and April 2021 was admitted to study. Patients with previous thyroid disease were excluded from study. Free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels at ICU admission were evaluated. Clinical, demographic, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were obtained from the patient's electronic hospital records. Mann Whitney U, Spearman correlation, binary logistic, and linear regression tests were used for statistical analysis.
Results: TSH was in 31 patients, fT3 was in 37 patients, and fT4 was in 54 patients, which were outside the normal ranges. fT3 were lower in non-survivors than the survivors (p: 0.036). However, the fT3 level was not the independent factor for mortality rate in linear regression analysis (p=0,652). APACHE II and procalcitonin levels as independent predictors of mortality (p: 0,017). fT3 remained an independent factor for the length of ICU stay (p=0,024) and the length of hospital stay (p=0,031).
Conclusion: fT3 is a prognostic indicator that can predict hospital and ICU length of stay in critically ill patients with Covid-19. In the future, a broader panel of validated biochemical markers, including fT3 levels, may become a simple tool for stratified management of patients with severe COVID-19.
İslam Hukukunda Reşit Kızın Veliden İzinsiz Nikahlanma Yetkisi Bağlamında Üniversiteli Kız Öğrencilerin Evliliğinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Pekdemir Şevket
Published: June 2024

Bekar kızın evliliği konusu geçmişte olduğu gibi günümüzde de aile hukukunun tartışmalı alanlarından birini oluşturur. Dolayısıyla İslam aile hukukunda da reşit kızın evliliği konusu güncelliğini korumaya devam etmektedir. Çalışmada üniversiteli kız öğrencilerin evliliği klasik dönem İslam hukukçularının görüşleri ve modern hukukçuların değerlendirmeleriyle mukayeseli olarak ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda günümüzde üniversitede eğitim gören kız öğrencilerin babaları tarafından habersiz veya rızasız evlendirilmesi ile kendiliğinden özgür iradeleriyle anne veya babasından habersiz ya da rızaları olmadan evlenebilmeleri tartışılmıştır. Makalede feminist teologların naslarda kadına negatif ayrımcılık yapıldığı, erkeğe göre akit ehliyetinin sınırlandığı iddiaları ehliyet, sosyokültürel arka plan ve ailenin kurumsal yapısı bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda üniversiteli kız öğrencilerin kendi iradeleriyle evlenebilecekleri ancak ebeveynin rızasının gözetilmesinin ve tecrübelerinden istifade edilmesinin evlilikten beklenen maslahatların gerçekleşmesinde etkili olduğu vurgulanmış, fukahanın çoğunluğunun menfi tutumunun nasların sosyokültürel şartlara göre yorumlanmasından kaynaklandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Judicial Collegiality and Tolerance of Difference: Insights from Justice Johan Froneman's Dissents
Authors: Dube Felix
Published: June 2024

The retirement of Justice Johan Froneman from the Constitutional Court of South Africa provides an ideal opportunity to reflect on his approach to collegiality and tolerance of difference. Like his predecessors, Justice Froneman navigated a delicate balance between collegiality and dissent. While the diverse backgrounds and experiences of his judicial colleagues enriched the Court's deliberations, Justice Froneman's dissents demonstrated the need for the Court to function as a cohesive unit to resolve judicial differences. His insistence on understanding the proper context of issues, taking account of relevant facts and synthesising opposite viewpoints was particularly pronounced in cases involving potentially divisive moral and ideological questions. Cases that touched on South Africa's contested political history and the proper role of the Court in a constitutional democracy further provided him with the platform to strike a balance between collegiality and dissent, thereby showing that tensions between unity and diversity among judges can be resolved amicably and that doing so would positively contribute to the development of the Court's jurisprudence on tolerance
Promoting Coaches on Instagram: A Content Analysis of Posts Featuring NCAA Division I Coaches of Women’s Sports
Authors: Santia Martina , Upton Jodi , Hirko Scott
Published: June 2024

Despite Title IX regulations, gender discriminatory practices in college sports continue to affect athletes, coaches, and administrative personnel at various levels. One manifestation of gender discrimination could affect the differential promotion of coaches via social media channels. This study investigates how NCAA Division I coaches across nine intercollegiate women’s sports are promoted on Instagram. We collected and analyzed a total of 649 Instagram posts from 98 official accounts of athletic departments across all 10 NCAA Division I-FBS conferences. Our findings indicate equitable promotion of female and male coaches for the same sports on social media. This suggests that social media could be disrupting the gender stereotypes that are deeply ingrained within the coaching profession and hinder women’s progress in sports. Future research steps and Title IX implications are discussed.
Oporučna darivanja žena dalmatinskih komuna namijenjena oltarima u crkvama i hospitalima u razvijenome i kasnome srednjem vijeku
Authors: Kunčić Meri
Published: June 2024

U radu se istražuje uloga žena iz patricijskog i pučkog sloja trogirske, zadarske, šibenske i rapske komune u darivanju oltara u crkvama i hospitalima od 13. do 15. stoljeća. Cilj je razumjeti razloge takvih darivanja te provjeriti jesu li darovateljice predstavnice obitelji ili imaju osobne namjere. Primjećuju se tipični oblici darivanja, poput tekstilnih predmeta koji su postajali dio oltara, često iz domova darovateljica. Darivanjem su uspostavljale vezu sa svetačkim kultovima te podsjećale na svoju prisutnost nakon smrti. Darivanja oltara bila su često iz patricijskih obitelji, dok su tkanine i drugi potrebni predmeti potjecali od oporučiteljica iz različitih slojeva društva. Darovateljice su tim činom mogle izraziti osobni ukus i utjecati na izgled predmeta. Iako je uzorak darivanja u razmatranom razdoblju ograničen, naznačuje se da su istraživanja kasnijih stoljeća otkrila širu sliku darivanja oltara i namjere darovateljica.
Tihi glasovi: dubrovačke slikarice u drugoj polovici 19. i prvoj polovici 20. stoljeća
Authors: Žaja Vrbica Sanja
Published: June 2024

Potkraj 19. i u prvoj polovici 20. stoljeća u Dubrovniku djeluje nekoliko slikarica. U toj skupini dominiraju amaterske slikarice, koje su u ranijem razdoblju pretežno pripadale konzervativnim umjetničkim stilovima, a u 20. stoljeću avangardnim likovnim opcijama. Likovne poduke povremeno su dobivale od akademski obrazovanih, afirmiranih dubrovačkih slikara. Specifičnost dubrovačke sredine jest građanska provenijencija slikarica, za razliku od mnogih slikarica plemkinja u ostalim hrvatskim sredinama. Najčešće su izlagale svoja djela na skupnim izložbama i neke od njih pripadale su tadašnjim umjetničkim skupinama: Društvu Medulić i Klubu likovnih umjetnica. Njihove izložbe možemo pratiti tijekom cijeloga tog razdoblja, no izlagale su manje od muških kolega. Mnoge slikarice bile su i predane pokroviteljice umjetnosti. Imale su važnu ulogu u razvoju moderne umjetnosti hrvatskoga juga i bez poznavanja njihovih aktivnosti slika o kulturnoj povijesti ne bi bila cjelovita.
„Žena sigurno nema velike snage za ogromne kreativne koncepcije“: Ljubo Babić, umjetnice i kanon
Authors: Šeparović Ana
Published: June 2024

Ljubo Babić, istaknuti hrvatski povjesničar umjetnosti, autor prve kanonske knjige o hrvatskoj modernoj umjetnosti, autor je i najmizoginijeg teksta o ženema u umjetnosti ikada objavljenoga na stranicama hrvatskih tiskovina. U ovom se radu analiziraju njegovi tekstovi kako bi se istražila veza između Babićeve oštre kritike umjetničkoga stvaralaštva žena i njihove marginalizacije u kanonu. U prvom dijelu analizira se Babićev feministički ton u predgovoru Intimne izložbe Proljetnoga salona iz 1916., gdje zagovara umjetnički rad žena kao dio društveno progresivnog pokreta. Zatim se razmatraju njegove kritike, u kojima umjetnicama, prvenstveno članicama Kluba likovnih umjetnica, osporava sposobnost umjetničke kreacije i ograničava ih na područje primijenjene umjetnosti. Naposljetku, analiziraju se njegovi pregledi hrvatske moderne umjetnosti u kojima su umjetnice gotovo u potpunosti prešućene
Ženska simbolika u grafici Ankice Oprešnik
Authors: Rakić Ana
Published: June 2024

Umetničkim stvaralaštvom u različitim grafičkim tehnikama, Ankica Oprešnik (1919. – 2005.) pružila je značajan doprinos najnaprednijim umetničkim težnjama u domenu tog medija. Ta autorka jedna je od prvih, ako ne i prva, umetnica koja se naporedo sa svojom osnovnom likovnom vokacijom, slikarstvom, tokom većeg dela umetničke karijere temeljno i s uspehom posvetila grafici – do tada u Jugoslaviji malo zastupljenoj i prvashodno „muškoj“ umetničkoj tehnici. Prihvatanje boje kao novog sredstva kreativnog oblikovanja, istraživanja u domenu aktuelnih grafičkih tehnika drvoreza i linoreza, kao i svojevrstan simbolički vizuelni kod u okviru kog je ostvarila prepoznatljiv izraz, proistekao je iz autorkinog pogleda na svet i ličnih životnih iskustava. Ankica Oprešnik je bila uključena u jugoslovensku selekciju Venecijanskog bijenala 1954. godine.
Začetnica modne kritike u Hrvatskoj – Magda Weltrusky
Authors: Simončić Katarina Nina
Published: June 2024

Magda Weltrusky, diplomirana povjesničarka umjetnosti, 1959. godine zapošljava se kao novinarka u zagrebačkome modnom časopisu Svijet. Njegovom urednicom postaje 1964. godine i promiče taj modni magazin u predvodnika avangardnih tendencija. Uz praćenje modnih zbivanja, analizirala je i „čistu“ likovnu umjetnost. Svojim kritičkim te istraživačkim pristupom pridonijela je ponajprije postavljanju temelja modne kritike i razumijevanju ondašnjih suvremenih modnih praksi u Hrvatskoj. U radu se povijesno-deduktivnom metodom donose podatci o djelovanju Magde Weltrusky od 1959. do 1970. godine. Na temelju analize modnih priloga i članaka, upućuje se na njezin doprinos u uspostavljanju modnog vokabulara, modne kritike i istraživačkog novinarstva usredotočenog na hrvatsku konfekcijsku i tekstilnu industriju.
CYToF Staining v1
Authors: Amouzgar Meelad , Favaro Patricia , Ho Daniel , Bruce Trevor , Vijayaragavan Kausalia , Bendall Sean
Published: June 2024

CYToF has significantly advanced immunophenotyping, especially in exploratory settings where comprehensive characterization of immune populations is necessary but sample sizes are limited. It is a powerful tool for single-cell immunological assays, particularly for the detailed and simultaneous analysis of diverse immune cell populations. By using metal isotopes instead of fluorescent labels, mass cytometry eliminates the spectral overlap issues seen in optical flow cytometry, allowing robust analysis of around 60 individual parameters simultaneously. The technique involves increased complexity in the design, execution, and interpretation of experiments.
Frecuencia, distribución y factores de riesgo de las lesiones de la mucosa oral en una población colombiana: estudio transversal
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Toro-Alzate Maricela , Saldarriaga-Saldarriaga Andrés ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Sánchez-Muñoz Lina Beatriz ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Posada-López Adriana ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Rodríguez-Montoya Gloria Patricia ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Álvarez-Gómez Gloria Jeanethe ,   Universidad de Antioquia
Published: June 2024

Introducción: las lesiones de la mucosa oral (LMO) corresponden a cualquier variación anormal en su apariencia, color, textura, tumefacción o pérdida de la integridad. La prevalencia mundial varía de 4,9 % a 64,7 %. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de lesiones orales en los pacientes que asisten a la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Metodología: se realizó un estudio transversal mediante un instrumento estructurado, con variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y hábitos, examen clínico sistemático según la OMS, análisis uni y bivariado calculando el promedio y desviación estándar para la variable edad, y frecuencias absolutas y relativas para cada una de las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas; pruebas de Chi-cuadrado para diferencia de proporciones. Resultados: se evaluaron 539 pacientes; la edad promedio fue 35,2 años (DE=23,5 años). La frecuencia de pacientes con lesiones bucales fue del 75,9 % (409). Existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el número de lesiones y la edad, el uso y tipo de aparatología, siendo la ortodóncica la de mayor frecuencia para una lesión (43,1 %). Las lesiones más frecuentes fueron las traumáticas (68,2 %), seguidas por las lesiones vasculares (22%), la queilitis exfoliativa (20 %), lesiones infecciosas (17,1 %) y las lesiones reactivas (5,13 %). Conclusiones: la prevalencia de LMO en los pacientes de las clínicas de la Facultad de Odontología es alta, siendo las mujeres principalmente afectadas. Se resalta la importancia de realizar un examen clínico sistemático y correlacionar los hallazgos con la anamnesis del paciente para establecer un diagnóstico, pronóstico y tratamiento adecuado.
Adherence and retention of elderly people in physical exercise
Authors: Enes Ferreira Camilly , Morattely Fontes Costa Jamilly , Ribeiro dos Santos Maria Eduarda , Santos Neri Paulo Junior , Félix Arantes Ana Paula , Machado Pires Fabiana , Aparecida de Almeida Pires Oliveira Deise
Published: June 2024

Background: The combination of aerobic exercise and transcutaneous microcurrent electrical stimulation (MES) application was shown to have a positive effect on localized abdominal adiposity (LAA) reduction. However, the effect of the combination of MES and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is still unknown. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of combination of MES and HIIT on LAA reduction. Methods: 39 sedentary women with LAA, distributed in a control group (CG), an exercise group (EG), and a MES plus exercise group (MEG) participated in this randomized clinical trial. The CG was not submitted to intervention. The EG was submitted to a HIIT protocol (80% of heart rate max in a functional circuit) and MEG was submitted to abdominal transcutaneous application of MES prior to HIIT, 2x/week, during 5 weeks. The outcomes were collected by a blind evaluator and measured in three moments (before the 1st intervention, and after the 5th and 10th intervention), based on body composition parameters, anthropometric data, physical activity level (PAL), body satisfaction, quality of life (QOL), and lumbar functionality. Results: After 10 interventions, MEG showed significant improvement in skinfolds, QOL, and body satisfaction, but no significant difference compared to EG or CG. Regarding PAL, MEG differed significantly in relation to CG, but not in relation to EG. Conclusion: The combination of MES and HIIT in 10 interventions did not show satisfactory results for LAA reduction compared to HIIT, but the increase in PAL and the improvement in lumbar functionality may provide positive effects in the medium-term, although further studies are required.
Effectiveness of a proprietary Dichrostachys glomerata extract (DYG-400®) on Adult's Sleep Quality and Activity: A Pilot Trial
Authors: Hausenblas Heather , Lynch Tarah , Beefus Shaylee , Braverman Tiffany , Hooper Stephanie
Published: June 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Dichrostachys glomerata (Dyglomera®) supplementation on adults’ sleep quality and daytime activity. Methods: Using a double-blind placebo-controlled pilot trial, 56 adults with nonclinical poor sleep (M age = 44.50) were randomized to either the Dichrostachys glomerata Group (300 mg/d) or Placebo Group for 60 days. Outcomes were the self-reported Insomnia Severity Index and objective sleep and daytime activity via the Oura Ring. Analysis was undertaken at Day 0 (Baseline), Day 30, and Day 60. Results: The Dichrostachys glomerata Group had improved Insomnia Severity Index symptoms, with significant improvements from Day 0 to Day 60. Objective sleep measures indicated that the Dichrostachys glomerata Group had significantly improved sleep score and deep sleep duration, while the Placebo Group declined in these parameters. The Dichrostachys glomerata Group also improved on sleep latency and time awake, contrasting with worsened of these sleep metrics in the Placebo Group, p’s < .05. No group differences were found for REM. The Dichrostachys glomerata Group improved significantly on the activity outcomes. Conclusion: These results provide preliminary support for the potential of Dichrostachys glomerata supplementation to enhance both sleep and daytime activity. Further research is warranted to validate these findings in diverse populations. Clinical trial registry = ISRCTN10099861.
Biomarkers in diabetes mellitus: Advancements, challenges, and future perspectives
Authors: Prajapati Anil Kumar , Jha Ashish Kumar , Sheth Devang
Published: June 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a multifaceted metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and dysregulated metabolism, stemming from a myriad of factors including insulin insufficiency and impaired glucose utilization. Its complications span a broad spectrum, encompassing vascular diseases and neurological impairments. While some risk factors are beyond control, such as age and genetics, others like diet and exercise offer avenues for risk mitigation. This review delineates the distinct pathogenic processes of the two primary forms of DM, type 1 and type 2, emphasizing their differential etiologies and epidemiological trends. Biomarkers play a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of DM, offering insights into disease progression, beta-cell function, and therapeutic responses. Traditional biomarkers, alongside predictive markers like autoantibodies, facilitate early detection and intervention strategies. Moreover, advancements in high-throughput "-omics" technologies have unraveled the molecular intricacies underlying disease progression, heralding the discovery of potential serum protein biomarkers in type 1 DM and unveiling promising candidates such as unmethylated insulin DNA and dysregulated microRNAs. In type 2 DM, traditional biomarkers like fructosamine, glycated albumin, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol offer valuable tools for glycemic control assessment, with emerging biomarkers like zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein holding promise for diabetic nephropathy detection. Despite challenges, ongoing research endeavors hold promise for refining these biomarkers and enhancing diabetes management strategies, thus improving patient outcomes.
Tandam mass spectrometry instrumentation and application in pharmaceutical analysis
Authors: Basuri Tarashankar , Varli Swatika S.
Published: June 2024

Proteins and peptides can be analyzed using mass spectrometry (MS) using a range of techniques, including matrix-aided laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). These techniques make it possible to determine a protein's mass as an intact molecule or to identify a protein using peptide-mass fingerprinting that is produced during enzymatic digestion. The amino acid sequence of proteins (top-down and middle-down proteomics) and peptides (bottom-up proteomics) can be ascertained by fragmenting the proteins and peptides using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Furthermore, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins and peptides can be identified using tandem mass spectrometry. In this article, we go over the use of MS/MS in biomedical research and provide concrete examples of how to identify proteins, peptides, and their PTMs as useful biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. In numerous applications, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has shown to be a practical and efficient analytical method for the direct detection of target compounds in food samples. It combines the power of MS/MS as an identification and confirmation approach with the separation capabilities of chromatography when used with chromatographic techniques.
Investıgation of the Effects of Alcohol and Anti-Icing Additives on the Properties of Jet Fuel
Authors: Yaşar Fevzi
Published: June 2024

In this study, the effects of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (di-EGME) added to jet fuel in certain proportions on the properties of jet fuel such as density, viscosity, freezing point, and ignition point was examined. By adding 2%, 5%, 7%, and 10% of each additive to JP-8 fuel, the required mixture was obtained and tested in the relevant devices. As a result of the experiments, it was determined that the density value of JP-8 fuel was 797 kg/m3 and this value did not vary greatly in the mixed ethanol, ethanol, and isopropanol, but with the addition of di-EGME, it increased significantly and reached 814.5 kg/m3. It was observed that the viscosity value did not vary greatly with the addition of methanol and ethanol but increased to 1.298 mm/s2 with the addition of 10% isopropanol and to 1.98 mm/s2 with the addition of di-EGM. The ignition point value of JP-8 fuel, which is 46 °C, was measured to be 40 °C with the addition of 10% methanol, 43.4 °C with the addition of 10% ethanol, 42.9 °C with the addition of 10% isopropanol, and 55.4 °C with the addition of di-EGM. The freezing point value of JP-8 fuel, which is -56.7 °C, was measured as -61.7 °C with the addition of 10% methanol, -62.1 °C with the addition of 10% of ethanol, -57.6 °C with the addition of 10% isopropanol and -54.6 °C with the addition of di-EGM.
INCOMPATIBILIDADES DO AGRONEGÓCIO FACE À ORDEM AMBIENTAL CONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: Tawfeiq Reshad
Published: June 2024

Esta pesquisa parte da concepção de direito ao desenvolvimento consagrada nos ideais da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 (CRFB). Integrante do chamado direito ao desenvolvimento, a ordem ambiental constitucional representa um importante instrumento de aprimoramento da realidade, fazendo que todos os processos de desenvolvimento se submetam aos fins do Estado, elencados pela própria sociedade na CRFB. É nesse sentido que se relaciona o direito ao desenvolvimento com o agronegócio, setor que representa o atual modelo agrário brasileiro e desempenha função estratégica na economia nacional nas últimas décadas. Este artigo tem como objetivo geral, portanto, evidenciar as incompatibilidades do agronegócio brasileiro face à ordem ambiental estabelecida pela CRFB. Esta pesquisa utiliza o método hipotético-dedutivo, partindo do problema mencionado para verificar a hipótese oferecida e cumprir o objetivo apresentado, sem perder de vistas a perspectiva crítica acerca dos fenômenos estudados. Quanto às técnicas de pesquisa, trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A contribuição identifica importantes contradições e pretende oferecer, a partir disso, um referencial para o estudo do direito ao desenvolvimento numa perspectiva ampla, em que se confronta esse direito com o modelo e as externalidades negativas de um setor que tem função estratégica na economia brasileira.
Weather Parameter’s Impact on Natural Parasitization by Campoletis chlorideae Uchida in Chickpea Ecosystem - New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal
Authors: Meenambigai C. , Samanta Arunava , Samanta Snigdha , Kumar K. Sathees
Published: June 2024

Background: A major biotic constraint in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production is gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). However, the population of this pest is reduced to some extent by a solitary endo-larval parasitoid, Campoletis chlorideae Uchida under field conditions. Climate change has a greater impact on natural enemies’ effectiveness used in field-level pest management. Therefore, the present study was conducted to understand the impact of weather factors on C. chlorideae parasitization rate of H. armigera in chickpea grown in the new alluvial agro-climatic zone of West Bengal. Methods: Chickpea was grown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during Rabi 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-2020, at Mondouri farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Visawavidayala, Mohanpur, West Bengal. To know the most significant weather parameter which influences C. chlorideae parasitization or parasitoid incidence, H. armigera larvae (2nd instar) collected from the field experiment were reared until cocoon formation and parasitization % was correlated with weather parameters and subsequently subjected to stepwise regression analysis. Result: The larval endo-parasitoid, C. chlorideae marked its first appearance from 3rd SMW after the appearance of H. armigera and its activity was high (68% to 72% parasitization) during the flowering to pod initiation stage and thereafter declined gradually. Among the weather variables, only temperature (maximum and minimum) had a consistent and significant negative correlation with C. chlorideae incidence and was responsible for nearly 50% C. chlorideae incidence. An increase in 1°C temperature results in a decrease of 4% parasitoid incidence. Thus, climate change in the near future will have a considerable influence on the overall survival, development and rate of parasitization of parasitoids.
Application of the Role Playing Method to Increase Students' Learning Motivation
Authors: Purwanto  , Azizah Siti
Published: June 2024

Role playing is a learning method used as a learning model in the classroom in order to increase students' motivation towards social studies learning in the classroom. This method is used so that students do not feel bored when learning social studies, by using this learning model it can attract students' motivational enthusiasm for learning social studies. Learning motivation is something that is instilled in a person to always be enthusiastic about participating in learning in the classroom. This motivation can arise with encouragement from other people to move forward to achieve success. The results of the study showed that: the application of the role playing method can increase student learning motivation can be seen from the results of the group assessment, namely in cycle I, namely 70 and in cycle II, namely 89, while in the record the results of increasing learning motivation are shown from the percentage of student completeness in cycle I is 66% while in cycle II is 84%. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that students' learning motivation in social studies subjects can be increased through the role playing learning method.
LA OMISIÓN DE LA APRECIACIÓN DEL JUZGADOR EN LA PERSPECTIVA DE GÉNERO EN SENTENCIA DE AMPARO POR VIOLENCIA
Authors: ARAGÓN GARCÍA MÓNICA
Published: June 2024

El objetivo actual del trabajo de investigación en relación a la perspectiva de género es visibilizar que el Estado a través de los Juzgadores de sus Tribunales Correspondientes están obligados a tomar en consideración al resolver controversias jurisdiccionales derivadas de situaciones de violencia y exista discriminación de género su actuar al no tomar en cuenta, puede llegar a ser una discriminación de trato por razones de género. Es decir, las autoridades jurisdiccionales están obligadas a impartir justicia en los casos que se requieran y actuar aplicando las leyes correspondientes y resolver a su vez en caso de su aplicación con perspectiva de género lo cual es de observancia obligatoria en nuestro país por los Tratados y Convenios Internacionales, y su vez como lo prevé el artículo 1 de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicano.
The current objective of the research work in relation to the gender perspective is to make visible that the State, through the Judges of its Corresponding Courts, are obliged to take into consideration when resolving jurisdictional controversies arising from situations of violence and gender discrimination. Their actions by not taking them into account can amount to discrimination in treatment based on gender. That is, the jurisdictional authorities are obliged to administer justice in the cases that are required and act by applying the Corresponding laws and resolve in turn in case of their application with a gender perspective, which is mandatory observance in our country by the Treaties and International Agreements, and in turn as provided for in Article 1 of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States.
Clinic-Functional Assessment of Hemoglobin Desaturation by Oxygen in 6-Minute Walk Test Among Patients with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Gnoevykh V. V. , Smirnova A. Yu. , Chernova N. G. , Shorokhova Yu. A. , Krestyaninov M. V. , Efremova E. V. , Galushina I. A.
Published: June 2024

The main purpose of the study is to assess the prevalence and clinical significance of hemoglobin desaturation by oxygen during the 6-minute walk exercise test in patients with bronchial asthma.

   Material and methods: 75 patients with exacerbation of mixed (48 %) and allergic (52 %) bronchial asthma were examined. Research explored following methods: collecting complaints and anamnesis, physical examination, spirometry, CO-metry of exhaled air to determine carboxyhemoglobin, transcutaneous 2-wave pulse oximetry (at rest and during 6-minute walk exercise test) with spectral analysis and correction for COHb. 6-minute walk exercise test was performed after relief of asthma exacerbation (before discharge from the hospital), assessing the desaturation-distance ratio (the ratio of the area of oxygen desaturation of hemoglobin to the 6-minute walk exercise test distance), O2-GAP index, the dynamics of fatigue and dyspnea before and after 6-minute walk exercise test. In smoking patients (n = 36, 48 %), the smoker index was calculated. Based on oximetry results during the 6-minute walk exercise test, patients were divided into “desaturators” (n = 28, 37 %) and “non-desaturators” (n = 47, 63 %).

   Results. The findings of the research illustrated that hemoglobin desaturation by oxygen, detected by reducing SpO2 to < 90 % during 6-minute walk exercise test, was associated with the severity of this disease exacerbation, more pronounced impairment of pulmonary ventilation and blood oxygenation, and the demand for longer hospitalization. The prevalence of tobacco smoking and the magnitude of the smoker index in both groups were identical but in “desaturators” we found a higher prevalence of the combination of asthma and COPD compared to “non-desaturators.” The “desaturators” had significantly higher level of desaturation-distance ratio and increased demand for additional oxygen flow to maintain SpO2 at ≥ 88 % during a 6-minute walk test, which indicates a higher “oxygen price” of physical activity in this group of patients.

   Conclusion. Thus, the high prevalence of the phenomenon of hemoglobin oxygen desaturation during 6-minute walk exercise test in patients with asthma and associated clinic-functional disorders supports the feasibility and clinical significance of conducting a stress test with a 6-minute walk not only in COPD patients, but also in bronchial asthma patients.
Kounis Syndrome: Myocardial Infarction After Wasp Bites
Authors: Resnyanskaya E. D. , Evdokimov D. S. , Feoktistova V. S.
Published: June 2024

The presented clinical case describes a rather rare type II Kunis syndrome (SC) that occurred in a 69-year-old man with risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) after wasp bites and was accompanied by the development of acute myocardial infarction (MI) due to coronary artery thrombosis (CA). The diagnosis of MI was confirmed on the basis of laboratory and instrumental data: an increase in troponin levels (>10000 pg/ml), changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG) (elevation of the ST segment in II, III leads, aVF), revealed violations of the contractility of the left ventricle (LV) according to echocardiography (zone of akinesia of the basal lower segment LV, hypokinesia of the median inferior and anterolateral segments of the LV, the apical-lateral segment of the LV), the results of coronary angiography (acute occlusion with signs of parietal thrombosis in the right coronary artery). The cause of CA thrombosis could be either a pronounced immuno-inflammatory reaction or the administration of adrenaline to stop anaphylactic reaction. Currently, there are no clear criteria for the verification of SC, the diagnosis is confirmed on the basis of a comprehensive examination of a patient with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the presence of a pronounced allergic/anaphylactic reaction. Additionally, to confirm the SC, it is proposed to assess the level of histamine and tryptase in the blood, however, these markers are metabolized quite quickly and, in most cases, it is not possible to identify their elevated levels. This case once again underlines the importance of informing doctors about the risk of developing ACS against the background of a pronounced allergic reaction, as well as the need for further study of SC in order to develop tactics for the treatment and prevention of this group of patients.
PERAN FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN MAHASISWA UII TERHADAP INSTRUMEN INVESTASI SYARIAH UNTUK MASA DEPAN
Authors: Naja Afifatun , Luthfi Hawari Setiawan  , Anom Garbo
Published: June 2024

Instrumen investasi syariah seperti Saham Syariah,   Sukuk,   Reksadana  Syariah,   Deposito   Syariah   dan   Emas sangat diminati karena risikonya lebih rendah. Namun, banyak mahasiswa yang kurang paham tentang investasi syariah, yang dapat mempengaruhi keputusan mereka. Oleh karena itu, studi financial behavior mahasiswa UII dapat mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor seperti overconfidence, risk perception, loss aversion, dan herding yang mempengaruhi keputusan mereka. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meneliti pengaruh financial behavior mahasiswa UII terhadap pengambilan keputusan investasi syariah dan untuk memahami preferensi mahasiswa dalam memilih instrumen investasi syariah untuk masa depan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan dual method (kuantitatif dan kualitatif) untuk mengeksplorasi persepsi dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan mahasiswa UII terhadap investasi syariah. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuisioner sebanyak 48 mahasiswa dan wawancara oleh 10 mahasiswa. Analisis data menggunakan partial least square melalui SMART-PLS untuk data kuantitatif, sementara data kualitatif direduksi dan disajikan. Hasil daripada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa overconfidence, loss aversion, risk perception, dan herding bias menghasilkan pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap Keputusan investasi mahasiswa Universitas Islam Indonesia pada instrument investasi syariah. Setiap jenis instrument investasi syariah memiliki trade-off antara keuntungan dan risiko atau kekurangannya, artinya investor harus memilih sesuai dengan profil risiko dan tujuan investasi yang mereka tuju.
Validation of GPM DPR rainfall and Drop Size Distributions using disdrometer observations in the Western Mediterranean
Authors: Peinó Eric , Bech Joan , Polls Francesc , Udina Mireia , Petracca Marco , Adirosi Elisa , Gonzalez Sergi , Boudevillain Brice
Published: June 2024

The Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on the Core GPM satellite provides spaceborne 3-dimensional observations of the precipitation field and surface rainfall rate with quasi global coverage. The present study evaluates the behavior of liquid precipitation intensity, radar reflectivity factor (ZKu and ZKa) and Drop Size Distribution (DSD) parameters (weighted mean diameter Dm and intercept parameter Nw) of the GPM DPR derived products version 07 from 2014 to 2023. Observations from seven Parsivel disdrometers located in different topographic zones in the Western Mediterranean are taken as ground reference. Four matching techniques between satellite estimates and ground level observations were tested, and best results were found for the so-called optimal comparison approach. Overall, GPM DPR products capture well the variability of the observed DSD at different rainfall intensities. However, overestimation of the mean Dm and underestimation of the mean Nw are observed, being much more sensitive to errors in drop diameters larger than 1.5 mm. Moreover, lowest errors were found for radar reflectivity factor and Dm, and highest for Nw and rainfall rate. In addition, the GPM DPR convective and stratiform classification was tested and it was found a substantial overestimation of stratiform cases compared to disdrometer observations.
Is There a Link between the Microbiome and Autoimmune Aspects of Long COVID-19?
Authors: Hromić-Jahjefendić Altijana , Mahmutović Lejla , Sezer Abas , Bećirević Tea , Rubio-Casillas Alberto , Redwan Elrashdy M. , Uversky Vladimir N.
Published: June 2024

Long COVID-19 affects a significant percentage of survivors and is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, including weariness and mental fog as well as emotional symptoms like worry and sadness. COVID-19 is closely linked to the autoimmune disorders that are becoming more prevalent worldwide and are linked to the immune system hyperactivation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) development, and molecular mimicry pathways. Long-term COVID-related autoimmune responses include a watchful immune system, altered innate and adaptive immune cells, autoantigens secreted by living or dead neutrophils, and high concentrations of autoantibodies directed against different proteins. The microbiome, which consists of billions of bacteria living in the human body, is essential for controlling immune responses and supporting overall health. The microbiome can affect the course of long-term COVID-associated autoimmunity, including the degree of illness, the rate of recovery, and the onset of autoimmune reactions. Although the precise role of the microbiome in long COVID autoimmunity is still being investigated, new studies indicate that probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary changes—interventions that target the microbiome—may be able to reduce autoimmune reactions and enhance long-term outcomes for COVID-19 survivors. It is clear that more research is required to precisely understand how the microbiome affects COVID-19-related autoimmunity and to create tailored treatment plans.