bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Hiddenness of Moving Target Defense against False Data Injection Attacks on Power Grid
Authors: Zhang Zhenyong , Deng Ruilong , Yau David K. Y. , Cheng Peng , Chen Jiming
Published: March 2020

Recent studies have exploited moving target defense (MTD) for thwarting false data injection (FDI) attacks against the state estimation (SE) by actively perturbing branch parameters (i.e., impedance or admittance) in power grids. To hide the activation of MTD from attackers, a new strategy named hidden MTD has been proposed by the latest literature. A hidden MTD can increase the defender’s chance to detect FDI attacks and avoid the attacker from inferring new branch parameters. However, by using an
MTD-confirming detector
like the bad data detection (BDD) checker in SE, we observe that it is still possible for the attacker to detect this hidden MTD when the power flows change with time. To uncover the insight of MTD’s hiddenness, we study the conditions needed for achieving a hidable MTD. We find that the hiddenness of MTD is closely related to the branch perturbations, system topology, and attacker’s knowledge. From the attacker’s perspective, we prove that an MTD can be detected by the attacker only if he/she knows the previous parameters of a set of branches that forms a circle and the measurements corresponding to those branches after MTD. But once the attacker has full knowledge of branch parameters before MTD and has obtained all measurements after MTD, it is proved that we can never achieve a hidable and effective MTD. From the defender’s perspective, since it is impossible to know the attacker’s capability, we cannot determine whether a constructed MTD is hidable or not by purely depending on the MTD design. To address this issue, we propose that, by protecting a basic set of measurements, we always can achieve a hidable and effective MTD regardless of the changes of power flows, the attacker’s knowledge, and the branch perturbations. Furthermore, we validate our findings with the IEEE standard test power systems.
UACFinder
Authors: Fu Zhicheng , Guo Chunhui , Zhang Zhenyu , Ren Shangping , Sha Lui
Published: March 2020

During the system development process, domain experts and developers often make assumptions about specifications and implementations. However, most of the assumptions being taken for granted by domain experts and developers are too tedious to be documented by them. When these unspecified assumptions are violated in an environment in which the system operates, failures can occur. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) medical device recall database, medical device recalls caused by software failures are at an all-time high. One major cause of these recalls is violations of unspecified assumptions made in medical systems. Therefore, it is crucial to have tools to automatically identify such unspecified assumptions at an early stage of the systems development process to avoid fatal failures.

In this article, we present a tool called Unspecified Assumption Carrier Finder (
UACFinder
) that uses data mining techniques to automatically identify potential
syntactic carriers
of unspecified assumptions in system design models. The main idea of this tool is based on the observation we obtained from our earlier analysis of software failures in medical device recalls caused by unspecified assumptions. We observed that unspecified assumptions often exist in medical systems through
syntactic carriers
, such as
constant variables
,
frequently read/updated variables
, and
frequently executed action sequences
. Therefore, we develop the
UACFinder
to automatically find these potential unspecified assumption
syntactic carriers
rather than unspecified assumptions themselves. Once the
UACFinder
identifies the potential unspecified assumption
syntactic carriers
, domain experts and developers can validate whether these
syntactic carriers
indeed carry unspecified assumptions. We use a simplified cardiac arrest treatment scenario as a case study to evaluate the
UACFinder
in mining potential
syntactic carriers
of unspecified assumptions. In addition, we invite a medical doctor to validate unspecified assumptions carried by the mined
syntactic carriers
. The case study demonstrates that the
UACFinder
is effective in helping to identify potential unspecified assumptions from system design models.
Cyber Threat Impact Analysis to Air Traffic Flows Through Dynamic Queue Networks
Authors: Tamimi Ali , Hahn Adam , Roy Sandip
Published: March 2020

Air traffic control (ATC) increasingly depends on information and communication technology to manage traffic flow through highly congested and increasingly interdependent airspace regions. Although these systems are critical to ensuring the efficiency and safety of our airspace, they are also increasingly vulnerable to cyber threats that could potentially lead to reduction in capacity and/or reorganization of traffic flows. In this article, we model various cyber threats to ATC systems and analyze how these attacks could impact the flow of aircraft through the airspace. To perform this analysis, we consider a model for wide-area air traffic based on a dynamic queuing network model. Then we introduce three different attacks (Route Denial of Service, Route Selection Tampering, and Sector Denial of Service) to the ATC system and explore how these attacks manipulate the sector flows by evaluating the queue backlogs for each sector’s outflows. Furthermore, we explore graph-level vulnerability metrics to identify the sectors that are most vulnerable to various flow manipulations and compare them to case-study simulations of the various attacks. The results suggest that Route Denial of Service attacks have a significant impact on the target sector and lead to the largest degradation to the overall air traffic flows. Furthermore, the impact of Sector Denial of Service attack impacts are primarily confined to the target sector, whereas Route Selection Tampering impacts are mostly confined to certain aircraft.
Review of What Can Be Computed
Authors: Gasarch William
Published: March 2020

What can be Computed is a textbook for a course that covers Decidable Languages, Computable Functions, Recursively Enumerable Languages, Turing Machines, Reductions, Regular Languages, P, NP, and NPcompleteness. Since there are already many books with these topics in them, the question is:
Open Problems Column
Authors: Gasarch William , Bajaj Aarav
Published: March 2020

I invite any reader who has knowledge of an area of theoretical computer science to contact me and arrange to write a column about open problems in that area. That area can be (1) broad or narrow or anywhere inbetween, and (2) really important or really unimportant or anywhere inbetween.
Computational Geometry Column 70
Authors: Zhu Binhai
Published: March 2020

In this column, we review the most recent results on processing persistence diagrams as purely geometric objects. (Yes, this is not a typo! While persistence diagrams originally come from computational topology, this column will mainly focus on the geometric parts and the minimal amount of knowledge on computational topology is needed to read this column.) We mainly focus on computing a center persistence diagram under the bottleneck and Wasserstein distances, and also the approximate nearest neighbor query under the bottleneck distance. At the end, we will go over a few open problems as well as some direction for future research, e.g., (approximate) farthest neighbor query under the bottleneck distance.
Review—Polymer Electrolytes for Sodium Batteries
Authors: Qiao Lixin , Judez Xabier , Rojo Teofilo , Armand Michel , Zhang Heng
Published: March 2020

With higher nature abundance and lower production cost of sodium-based materials compared to lithium-based ones, sodium batteries have been arising as one of the most promising energy storage systems serving as complementary power sources to the popular lithium-ion batteries. Replacing conventional liquid electrolytes containing flammable liquid solvents with polymer electrolytes (PEs) empowers sodium batteries with inherently enhanced safety at a low expense of processability. In this contribution, we present a comprehensive overview on the research progresses and advances in the PE-based sodium batteries, including three main categories of PEs, i.e., solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), composite solid polymer electrolytes (CSPEs), and plasticized/gel polymer electrolytes (PPEs/GPEs). The energy densities of sodium batteries at cell level are estimated and compared with their lithium counterparts. The research development of PE-based sodium batteries is scrutinized and the remaining challenges and possible solutions are intensively discussed. The purpose of the present work is not only to provide a well-balanced status quo of PE-based sodium batteries but also to address the possible remedies for improving their performance and other post lithium battery technologies, in hope of facilitating their large-scale deployment in the market.
Hypogravity reduces trunk admittance and lumbar muscle activation in response to external perturbations
Authors: De Martino Enrico , Salomoni Sauro E. , Winnard Andrew , McCarty Kristofor , Lindsay Kirsty , Riazati Sherveen , Weber Tobias , Scott Jonathan , Green David A. , Hides Julie , Debuse Dorothée , Hodges Paul W. , van Dieën Jaap H. , Caplan Nick
Published: March 2020

This study presents for the first time novel insights into the adaptations to hypogravity of spinal curvatures, trunk stiffness, and paraspinal muscle activity. We showed that exposure to hypogravity reduces the displacement of the trunk by an applied perturbation, partially compensated by weaker stabilizing contributions of the paraspinal muscles and concomitant increase in abdominal muscle responses. These findings may have relevance for future recommendations for planetary surface explorations.
Modulation of the extrinsic tongue muscle activity in response to bronchopulmonary C-fiber activation following midcervical contusion in the rat
Authors: Chang Hsiao-Sen , Lee Kun-Ze
Published: March 2020

Tongue muscle activity plays an important role in the regulation of upper airway patency. This study aimed to investigate the respiratory activity of the extrinsic tongue muscle in response to capsaicin-induced bronchopulmonary C-fiber activation following cervical spinal cord contusion. Midcervical spinal-contused animals exhibited a greater baseline preinspiratory burst amplitude of the extrinsic tongue muscle and were resistant to inhaled capsaicin-induced reduction of respiratory tongue muscle activity at the acute injured stage. However, inhalation of capsaicin caused a more severe attenuation of preinspiratory activity of the extrinsic tongue muscle at the chronic injured stage. These results suggest that the upper airway may be predisposed to collapse in response to bronchopulmonary C-fiber activation following chronic cervical spinal cord injury.
Determining the Impact of the Opioid Crisis on a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Central New York to Identify Critical Areas of Intervention in the Local Community
Authors: Yadava Sanjay K. , Thomas Stephen J. , Riddell Scott , Wang Dongliang , Endy Timothy P.
Published: March 2020

Background. Central New York has been afflicted by the heroin epidemic with an increase in overdose deaths involving opioids. Objective. The objective of the study was to understand the epidemiology of hospitalizations related to a diagnosis of opioid use (OU). Design. The study was designed as a retrospective analysis of hospitalized patients admitted from January 1, 2008, to December 30, 2018, using ICD-9 and 10 codes for heroin or opiate use, overdose, or poisoning. Setting. The study was conducted in a tertiary-care and teaching hospital located in Central New York. Patients. Hospitalized patients were included as study participants. Results. Opioid use-related admissions increased from .05/100 hospital admissions in 2008 to a peak of 2.9/100 in 2018, a 58-fold increase. There were 49 deaths over the 11-year period for an overall case fatality of 1.2 per 100 OU admissions. The median age for all years was 40 years (SD of 13.7 years), and admissions were largely white caucasians (67.0% of all admissions). The mean length of stay was 8.55 days (SD 12 days), with a range of 1 to 153 days. The most frequent discharge diagnosis was due to infections (15.0% of discharge diagnoses) followed by trauma (5.8% of discharge diagnoses). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was more common in patients with OU (58.1%) than in patients with non-OU (43%) (p<0.0001 by chi-square with Yates’ correction). Spatial analysis was performed by zip code and demonstrated regional hotspots for OU-related admissions. Limitations. The limitations of this study are its retrospective nature and largely numerator-based analysis. The use of ICD codes underrepresents the true burden due to underreporting and failure to code appropriately. This study focuses on patients who are hospitalized for a medical reason with a secondary diagnosis of opioid use and does not include patients who present to the emergency room with an overdose underrepresenting the true burden of the problem. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate the impact of the opioid epidemic in one tertiary-care center and the need to prepare for the costs and resources to address addiction care for this population.
Improvement in Entrapment Efficiency and In Vitro Digestion Stability of Lutein by Zein Nanocarriers with Pepsin Hydrolysis
Authors: Jiao Yan , Han He , Chang Ying , Li Dajing , Riaz Asad
Published: March 2020

Zein is one of the popular bioactive carriers and play critical roles in the promotion of stability, absorption, and utilization of the nutrients and bioactive ingredients. The application of zein delivery systems for the encapsulation of bioactive ingredients has recently gained increasing interest. The aim of this work was to modify zein by pepsin and prepare the lutein-loaded zein nanoparticle (LZN) and the lutein-loaded zein hydrolysate nanoparticle (LZHN), respectively. The effects of zein hydrolysation on entrapment efficiency and in vitro digestion stability of lutein were also evaluated in this study. Hydrolysation of zein by the pepsin has important effects on lutein embedding. The optimal hydrolysis conditions, including the pepsin concentration (1.5%), temperature (55°C), and time (4 h), enhanced the entrapment efficiency (EE) of lutein by 93.82 ± 2.82% as compared to 85.18 ± 3.28% of the untreated zein, respectively. In contrast to LZN, LZHN had better structural characteristics, the average particle size decreases from 158.40 ± 3.22 nm to 112.2 ± 1.56 nm, and LZHN showed better dispersivity and zeta potential. The stability and release assays in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) showed that hydrolyzed zein nanocarriers by pepsin improved the digestion stability and promoted the release of lutein under gastrointestinal digestive conditions. These results suggest that hydrolyzed zein with pepsin may act as an effective carrier for lutein delivery and shows many potential advantages compared with the zein.
Control Algorithm for Equal Current Sharing between Parallel-Connected Boost Converters in a DC Microgrid
Authors: Shebani Muamer M. , Iqbal M. Tariq , Quaicoe John E.
Published: March 2020

DC microgrids are gaining more attention compared to AC microgrids due to their high efficiency and uncomplicated interconnection of renewable sources. In standalone DC microgrid, parallel-connected converters connect the storage system to the load. To achieve equal current sharing among parallel converters, several methods have been presented, but they vary in their current sharing performance, complexity, cost, and reliability. In DC microgrid, the conventional droop control method is preferred because it is more competitive in terms of cost, suitability, and reliability compared to the master-slave control method. However, the conventional droop method cannot ensure equal current sharing due to the mismatches in parameters of parallel-connected converters. To address this limitation, a control algorithm that supervises a modified droop method to achieve precise current sharing between parallel modules is proposed in this paper. The control algorithm is based on the percentage of current sharing for each module to the total load current. The output current measurement of each converter is compared to the total load current and is used to modify the nominal voltage for each converter. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by MATLAB simulation model and experimental results.
Investigation of the Atmospheric Attenuation Factors in FSO Communication Systems Using the Taguchi Method
Authors: Demir Pelin , Yılmaz Güneş
Published: March 2020

In this study, Mie and Rayleigh scattering in free space optics (FSO) communication systems were investigated in terms of the atmospheric attenuation. Because of the movement of the Earth, the communication distance and surrounding gas densities are inconsistent in each region. This change leads to atmospheric attenuation and then data losses and inefficient communication in FSO occur. Therefore, the density change and distance must be calculated in each communication once the data is transmitted. In the literature, it was observed that the atmospheric attenuation is regarding some FSO communication parameters such as transmission distance, visibility, and scatter particle size distribution, the number of particles per unit volume, scatter cross-sectional area, and wavelength. Besides, in real-time communication, it is necessary to update FSO parameters simultaneously. However, this updating process for all parameter takes a long time to adapt to a new position. This paper proposes the design of the experiment method (Doe) to determine the severity of the FSO parameters. And Taguchi’s Doe method allows analyzing of FSO communication system parameters to avoid long calculation time. Results show that the proposed method helps in understanding the priorities of the parameters in FSO and reducing the updating time.
Design Proposal of a Prototype for Sawdust Pellet Manufacturing through Simulation
Authors: Paredes-Rojas J. C. , Torres San Miguel C. R. , Flores Vela A. I. , Bravo-Díaz B. , De la Cruz Alejo C. , Ramírez D. Palma
Published: March 2020

Mexican industry generates tons of organic wastes that are not used and cause social, environmental, and health problems. The main organic residue which is generated during wood production is the sawdust (biomass). In order to reduce the problems generated by its waste, a prototype to manufacture biofuel pellets was designed by considering a flat die pelletizing machine according to the standard EN 14961‐2. The machine design consists of stainless steel 304 and carbon steel to produce pellets of 6 mm and 30 mm in diameter and length, respectively, at 50–100 rpm. The matrix types proposed were radial, spiral, and hexagonal. In order to be constructed quickly, the design is standardized. Results from finite‐element analysis indicate that it is possible to manufacture pellets from 50 to 1000 PSI (344.7 kPa to 6894.7 kPa) with this design complying with the standard.
Complete and Fast Recovery from Idiopathic Facial Paralysis Using Laser-Photobiomodulation
Authors: Tanganeli João Paulo Colesanti , de Oliveira Simone Saldanha Ignácio , da Silva Tamiris , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos , Motta Lara Jansiski , Bussadori Sandra Kalil
Published: March 2020

Idiopathic facial paralysis, also known as Bell’s palsy, exerts a negative effect on the quality of life. Although the prognosis is good in the majority of cases, a significant percentage of affected individuals may have sequelae that can negatively affect their lives. The use of therapeutic measures as early as possible can improve the prognosis. This article describes the successful use of laser-photobiomodulation as a single therapy in a patient with Bell’s palsy and confirms the possibility of using this therapeutic modality as a good choice, since it is a therapy that is painless, comfortable, and without systemic side effects. The findings demonstrate that the adequate use of laser-photobiomodulation can be an effective therapeutic option for patients with Bell’s palsy, regardless of the age, shortening the recovery time obtained with conventional therapies and avoiding sequelae. Further studies are needed for the establishment of adequate protocols.
‘BAKWATA is Like a Dead Spirit to Oppress Muslims’
Authors: Wijsen Frans , Mosha Peter Tumainimungu
Published: March 2020

During the 2015 general election campaigns in Tanzania, a controversy arose between the ruling party and the opposition coalition, concerning the proposed constitution draft and the position of Zanzibar within the Union. Beyond this controversy, there have existed the impacts of Islamic revivalism on the one hand, and a fear for the perpetuation of Islam in Tanzania on the other – issues which have played a significant role in the country since Independence. In this paper, we focus in particular upon popular Muslim preachers, such as Ponda Issa Ponda, who complain that the National Muslim Council of Tanzania [BAKWATA] is just an extension of the mainstream government – an organisation which is unsympathetic to Muslims’ interests, which violates Muslims’ rights, and which functions contrary to its own purpose. This complaint draws on long-term memory, reaching back even further than the 1968 banning of the East African Muslims Welfare Society [EAMWS]. Two interesting questions are addressed here concerning a central state’s involvement in religious affairs under multi-party rule: How has the Tanzanian government managed religious diversity? And how should its management style be evaluated, given the perspective that has developed with the shift in focus from ‘government’ to ‘governance’ in policy and management sciences?
Graduated Sovereignty and Tanzania’s Mineral Sector
Authors: Noe Christine
Published: March 2020

The process through which state sovereignty over natural resources is gained and lost serves as a precondition for other external actors to acquire rights and to appropriate wealth. These external institutions are multinational firms and non-governmental organizations that do not rely on sovereign entities. By building on the concept of graduated sovereignty, the example of Tanzania’s mineral resource demonstrates how ownership rights shift, creating different impacts on the ground. Analysis of historical and contemporary changes in Tanzania’s mineral laws serves as a basis for revealing the ways in which sovereignty is differentiated or graduated within a national territory, given current global relations. Since neither global resource governance nor market conditions are static or predictable, the government of Tanzania responds differently to external forces over time. Tanzania’s most recent national decisions follow the model of neoliberal flexibility and maximisation of profit from natural resources. Consequently, more complex issues of local resource rights have remained unattended over the years of policy and legal reform, resulting in discriminatory treatment and marginalization of different groups in Tanzanian society.
The Incorporation of the Kiswahili Names of Cereals and Tubers in the Non-Bantu Languages in Tanzania
Authors: Lusekelo Amani
Published: March 2020

I articulate the mechanisms for the incorporation of Kiswahili names of the New World cereals and tubers in the Afro-asiatic, Khoisan and Nilo-Saharan languages spoken in Tanzania. The penetration of pastoral-terms from non-Bantu societies into Bantu communities is extensively documented. But research on the impact of Kiswahili on non-Bantu languages has not been given prominence except in a few studies. Thus, specific investigation of the names of cereals and tubers into non-Bantu languages is incomplete. With regard to transference of the nomenclature of the farm-related products, I show that the major donor languages in this study include Iraqw and Kiswahili. This result illuminates the fact that agro-pastoral communities (e.g. Iraqw) influence the lexicon of languages spoken by pastoralists (e.g. Datooga) and foraging communities (e.g. Hadza). I show that Kiswahili is the main agent of names of agriculture in non-Bantu communities. Moreover, I highlight that the names of crops are integrated through assignment of gender-number markers primarily in Hadza, Iraqw and Maasai. In Datooga, I show that the number suffixes dominate as the strategy to incorporate Kiswahili words in the language.
Melampsora salicis-michelsonii sp. nov. on Salix michelsonii and Melampsora salicis-cavaleriei on Salix serrulatifolia from China

Authors: WANG LI-LI , LI KE-MEI , LIU YUN , TIAN CHENG-MING
Published: March 2020

Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, two Melampsora species on willows collected in China were identified and described. One species, Melampsora salicis-michelsonii sp. nov. on Salix michelsonii, is characterized by uredinia amphigenous to mainly hypophyllous; urediniospores globoid to ellipsoid, echinulate; paraphyses capitate, clavate, intermixed, sometimes thickened at apex; telia amphigenous to mainly epiphyllous, and teliospores subepidermal with evenly thickened wall. Phylogenetically, the new species forms a new monophyletic clade with high support values 93/0.99 (ML/BI). Another species on Salix serrulatifolia is mainly characterized by epiphyllous uredinia and identified as Melampsora salicis-cavaleriei, of which phylogenetic analysis was performed and reported for the first time herein.
Phylogenetic analysis of the Taeniothrips genus-group, with revision of the species of Ctenothrips and Vulgatothrips (Thysanoptera, Thripinae)
Authors: WANG ZHAOHONG , LI YAJIN , TONG XIAOLI , MOUND LAURENCE
Published: March 2020

The pattern of relationships within the Taeniothrips genus-group was examined using a morphological phylogenetic analysis. Genera comprising this group are discussed together with some character states used in the analysis. Taeniothrips genus-group is recovered as monophyletic, but Taeniothrips appears to be polyphyletic. Ctenothrips is here interpreted as sister-group to Vulgatothrips, with Ctenothrips smilax and C. dissimilis transferred to Vulgatothrips, and C. niger synonymized with C. smilax. Diagnoses of Ctenothrips and Vulgatothrips are presented with illustrated keys to distinguish these genera and their included species, and eight species are newly synonymised in Ctenothrips.
Claudedebeella, a replacement name for Falklandia De Broyer, 1985 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Lysianassoidea, Tryphosidae), preoccupied by Falklandia Forster & Platnick, 1985 (Arachnida, Araneae)
Authors: THURSTON MICHAEL H. , HORTON TAMMY
Published: March 2020

Falklandia Forster & Platnick, 1985 was established for a genus of spider (Dysderoidea, Orsolobidae) in a paper published in July 1985. The homonymy with Falklandia De Broyer, 1985 (Lysianassoidea, Tryphosidae) published in October 1985 has been recognised only recently and requires a replacement name for the latter concept. An additional junior homonym, Falklandia Whatley, Chadwick, Coxhill & Toy, 1987, is discussed by Brandão (in press)
Report on two African mealybug species (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha)
Authors: WILLIAMS D.J. , MATILE-FERRERO D.
Published: March 2020

Most mealybug species in the Afrotropical Region have been described or redescribed adequately and their identities are now well established. The species are listed in the catalogue of world species by Ben-Dov (1994) and in ScaleNet, an online database of the scale insects (García-Morales et al. 2019). The genera found in South Africa, and their type species, were discussed by Millar (2002). However, two species remain that have not been discussed since they were described, and their identities remain obscure. Here we discuss these species.
The advertisement call of Proceratophrys redacta (Anura, Odontophrynidae)
Authors: SIMÕES CÁSSIO RACHID M. A. , DE PONTES BRUNA ELIZABETH SILVA , TREVISAN CAMILA COSTA , DE ABREU RAFAEL OLIVEIRA , JUNCÁ FLORA ACUÑA , SOLÉ MIRCO , DE ARAÚJO CARLOS BARROS , NAPOLI MARCELO FELGUEIRAS
Published: March 2020

The genus Proceratophrys Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, frogs from the family Odontophrynidae Lynch, currently contains 41 nominal species with poorly resolved phylogenetic relationships (Frost 2019; Mângia et al. 2018). Molecular data from 15 and 18 Proceratophrys species support the monophyletic hypothesis of the genus (Teixeira-Jr et al. 2012; Dias et al. 2013; respectively) but do not fully resolve the phylogenetic relationship among the species. Currently, there are advertisement call parameters provided for 31 species of Proceratophrys in the literature (Ferreira et al. 2016; Andrade et al. 2018; Mângia et al. 2018; Nascimento et al. 2019). The Proceratophrys advertisement call is composed of pulsed notes, amplitude modulation, short to medium duration calls (0.05–4 s) and only one note in almost all species (see Nascimento et al. 2019 for details). Considering the importance of bioacoustics for taxonomy (Köhler et al. 2017), further descriptions of advertisement calls for the genus could also improve our understanding of the species’ relationships.
Morphological variation of the widely distributed genus Stenocorse Marsh, 1968 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae)
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-JOYA ANCIZAR , AMARILLO-SUÁREZ ÁNGELA R. , ZALDIVAR-RIVERON ALEJANDRO , SARMIENTO CARLOS E.
Published: March 2020

Stenocorse is a monotypic genus with wide distribution and a large range of beetle hosts. We analyzed the morphological variation of 346 specimens from the USA south to Brasil. We studied 15 morphometric and 30 discrete characters using principal component (PCA) and discriminant function analyses (DFA) to assess character informativeness and the influence of geographic distribution and host source to detect differentiation. Mexican samples were studied according to location and biogeographic provinces. Specimens from Colombia were studied according to the plant where the host was recorded. Three measurements show group differentiation whereas four were redundant. Three groups of individuals were supported by continuous and discrete characters: one found in the USA, Mexico, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, a second from Mexico, and a third from Colombia and Brazil. These groups showed poor agreement with the differentiation of its common beetle host populations. This could be a consequence of the large number of sympatric host species feeding on a large number of plant species. This research shed light on other sources of evidence for building a sound taxonomy for Stenocorse.
Plectranthias cruentus, a new species of anthiadine perchlet (Teleostei: Serranidae) from the Lord Howe Rise, Tasman Sea
Authors: GILL ANTHONY C. , ROBERTS CLIVE D.
Published: March 2020

Plectranthias cruentus new species is described from the holotype and two paratypes collected off Ball’s Pyramid and a paratype from Lord Howe Island. It resembles P. pelicieri Randall & Shimizu 1994 in live coloration and most morphological details, including absence of predorsal scales anterior to the supratemporal commissure, but differs in having the fifth or sixth (versus third) dorsal-fin spine longest, at least some pectoral-fin rays branched (versus all unbranched), and inconspicuous (versus distinct) serrations on the interopercle. It also differs in live coloration details.
Archophileurus spinosus Dechambre, 2006 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), a new exotic scarab possibly acclimatized in Italy, with a compilation of exotic Scarabaeidae found in Europe
Authors: RUZZIER ENRICO , TOMASI FILIPPO , POSO MATTIA , MARTINEZ-SAÑUDO ISABEL
Published: March 2020

Archophileurus spinosus Dechambre, 2006, a South American Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini) is recorded for the first time in Europe (Apulia, Italy). This species, which may have colonized the Italian peninsula in recent past and that could still be in the acclimatization phase, represents the first record of tribe Phileurini in Europe and the second case worldwide of interception of this genus outside its area of origin. After a brief presentation of the site and collecting conditions of the specimens, we discuss the possible threats for local biodiversity and agriculture that the establishment of A. spinosus could cause.
Metacritiques of Upper Echelons Theory: Verdicts and Recommendations for Future Research
Authors: Neely Brett H. , Lovelace Jeffrey B. , Cowen Amanda P. , Hiller Nathan J.
Published: March 2020

After more than 35 years, Hambrick and Mason’s upper echelons theory (UET) stands as one of the most influential perspectives in management research. However, as the literature and its attendant reviews have become more numerous and specialized, discussion of the fundamental conceptual and methodological critiques leveled against research utilizing the UET perspective has grown fragmented. As such, the first aim of the present review is to identify and synthesize a set of common critiques levied against UET research. In doing so, we unpack important nuance within each critique while establishing a common vocabulary to facilitate greater consistency in how these critiques are discussed by scholars, editors, and reviewers. Next, we analyze the past decade of UET research (i.e., empirical and conceptual articles) to provide a progress report on the state of the literature as it pertains to each critique. Based on this analysis, we issue a “verdict,” providing clear guidance on what issues still need to be resolved and offering clear recommendations for UET scholars moving forward. Finally, we close by taking stock of how our recommendations position UET scholars to embrace the task of providing impactful insights on emerging challenges facing top executives.
Patient-reported pain and other symptoms among breast cancer survivors: prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Divella Michele , Vetrugno Luigi , Bertozzi Serena , Seriau Luca , Cedolini Carla , Bove Tiziana
Published: March 2020

Objective:

To investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with chronic pain and other symptoms related to breast cancer 6 months after surgery.

Methods:

In an observational study of 261 female breast cancer survivors treated between January 2017 and January 2018, patients were asked about their pain symptoms using a questionnaire that utilized the Numeric Rating Score (NRS) and the Douleur Neuropathique Score (DN4) for neuropathic pain; it also addressed phantom sensations and functional disorders on the ipsilateral shoulder. A total of 218 women completed the survey.

Results:

A total of 105 patients (48.17%) reported chronic pain. Of these, 64% rated the pain with an NRS of 1–3 and 35% with an NRS >3. Neuropathic pain was reported in 65% of the sample, phantom sensations in 12%, disorders of shoulder function in 16%, and web syndrome in 2%. Multivariable analyses showed that chronic pain (odds ratio [OR], 2.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.094–5.942; p < 0.05) and neuropathic pain (OR, 2.988; 95% CI, 1.366–6.537; p < 0.05) were positively associated with surgical adverse events; phantom sensations were statistically associated with the weight of removed breast tissue (OR, 1.003; 95% CI, 1.001–1.005; p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Our study highlights the need to employ specific tools capable of detecting different kinds of chronic pain after breast cancer surgery to improve pain prevention and treatment. Surgical complications and the weight of removed breast tissue emerged as 2 of the risk factors for chronic and neuropathic pain development in breast cancer survivors.
Determination and Utilization of Dilemma Zone Length and Location for Safety Assessment of Rural High-Speed Signalized Intersections
Authors: Kang Min-Wook , Rahman Moynur , Lee Joyoung
Published: March 2020

The objective of the present study is to see how the dilemma zone length and location are related to intersection safety at rural high-speed signalized intersections. For that, dilemma zones at 30 rural signalized intersection approaches where similar traffic operations and land-use conditions are present were identified, and traffic conflicts associated with the dilemma zones were investigated. Drivers’ stop or go behaviors as well as vehicle dynamics (e.g., vehicle speeds and locations) during the yellow and red clearance intervals were collected and analyzed to determine the dilemma zone length and location of each site. Red-light running violations and vehicles’ abrupt stops were also collected to investigate the relationship between such conflicts and dilemma zone length and location. As a result, two dilemma zone conflict models were developed. The analysis results show that the conflict models are accurate enough to predict the safety level of high-speed signalized intersections using the two dilemma zone variables. Results show that the chance of intersection angle conflicts increases if the dilemma zone is located farther from the intersection stop bar. Results also show that there would be a high chance of rear-end conflicts if the dilemma zone length is longer. The models were validated with additional datasets, and acceptable root means square error and mean absolute percentage error values were obtained as a result.
Extended Fundamental Diagrams
Authors: Wagner Peter , Nippold Ronald , Grötsch Johannes
Published: March 2020

By using a large data-base of single vehicle data from a German freeway, the fundamental diagram (FD) can be extended. These types of data allow extraction of additional information that can be displayed as a function of the traffic flow [Formula: see text] and speed [Formula: see text]. This is demonstrated here with a surrogate measure of safety (SMoS) and two other indices, which can be used to perform more in-depth analyses of traffic flow. In the case of the SMoS, it is possible to identify more and less dangerous regions in the extended FD.
Controversies Surrounding the BMD Reporting Standard for the Determination of 10-Year Absolute Fracture Risk: A Canadian Perspective
Authors: Siminoski Kerry , O’Keeffe Margaret , Akincioglu Cigdem , Ganguli S. Nimu , Levesque Jacques , Raaphorst Peter , Tarulli Giuseppe , Thurston Wendy , Lyons David
Published: March 2020

The Canadian Association of Radiologists and Osteoporosis Canada currently endorse a fracture risk prediction tool called CAROC. It has been used in Canada since 2005 with an update in 2010. It is an integral part of bone mineral densitometry reporting across the country. New osteoporosis guidelines from Osteoporosis Canada (OC) are expected in the near future. There has been pressure on radiologists to report fracture risk using an alternative fracture risk prediction platform called FRAX. In addition, OC collaborated in the development of the Canadian FRAX model and has been copromoting both FRAX and CAROC, raising the prospect that new guidelines may seek to replace CAROC with FRAX for fracture risk determination. A number of concerns have been raised about FRAX, including: (1) FRAX has not released its algorithms to the public domain with the consequence that it is impossible to verify results for an individual patient; (2) FRAX has incorrectly claimed that it was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and has used this affiliation to promote itself until recently ordered by the WHO to desist; (3) FRAX requires collection of additional clinical information beyond that needed for CAROC, and this patient-reported medical data is prone to substantial error; and (4) despite claims to the contrary, there are no valid studies comparing FRAX to CAROC. We believe it is important that radiologists be aware of these issues in order to provide input into future Technical Standards for Bone Mineral Densitometry Reporting of the Canadian Association of Radiologists.
Investigation on laser-induced oxidation assisted micro-milling of Inconel 718
Authors: Xia Hongjun , Zhao Guolong , Hu Maoshun , Li Liang , Khan Aqib Mashood , He Ning
Published: March 2020

Poor surface quality and rapid tool wear are the main problems in micro-cutting of Inconel 718. In this study, a novel hybrid machining method named laser-induced oxidation assisted micro-milling is proposed to solve the aforementioned problems. A loose oxide layer and a relatively flat sublayer are formed on the material after laser irradiation. Under optimized laser parameters with a scanning speed of 1 mm/s and an average laser power of 4.5 W, the thicknesses of the oxide layer and the sublayer are 24 and 18 μm, respectively. The influence of cutting parameters on milling force, surface roughness, surface quality, and top burr size is studied in detail. Cutting force and thrust force in the proposed hybrid machining process are lower than those in the conventional micro-milling. Results show that for the investigated range of parameters, the optimal feed per tooth and depth of cut in the hybrid process are 3 μm/z and 3 μm, respectively. When using the optimal parameters, the surface roughness of the machined slot bottom is 108.5 nm. The top burr size on the up-milling side and the down-milling side is 26.8 and 36.2 μm, respectively. In addition, the tool wear mechanism is coating delamination in hybrid process, whereas chipping, coating delamination, tool nose breakage, and adhesion are the main tool wear mechanism in the conventional micro-milling. For the same amount of material removal, the proposed hybrid process can decrease the tool wear and enhance the service life of the micro-end mill as compared to conventional micro-milling.
China’s Revisionism Versus India’s Status Quoism: Strategies and Counter-strategies of Rivals in Doklam Standoff
Authors: Kumar Suneel
Published: March 2020

This article contends that China, as a part of its broader global agenda, is striving to recast the regional order in East Asia, South East Asia, and South Asia. Its revisionist moves and growing influence in South Asia are perceived by New Delhi as challenge to its national security and regional position thus forcing it to counter the Chinese moves and preserve the status quo ensuing into bilateral rivalry. Doklam standoff was an outcome of this bilateral rivalry between the two emerging Asian powers as Beijing attempted unilaterally to alter the prevailing territorial arrangement in the area of dispute and New Delhi counter-attempted to maintain the status quo. During the standoff, China projected itself as ‘victim’ of India’s aggression while making provocative military deployments and threats of war against India. Opposite to this, India absorbed Beijing’s pressure and defended its move in Doklam giving the logic of its ‘security concerns’ and ‘special relationship’ with Bhutan. New Delhi asked Beijing to resolve the dispute diplomatically while emphasizing on their troops’ mutual withdrawal from the site of standoff.
Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: Does the functional or structural damage prevail?
Authors: Bertoli Massimo , Tecchio Franca
Published: March 2020

Fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly invalidating symptom, lacking efficacious drugs. This topical review aims at assessing the signs in the literature of functional versus structural damage prevalence at the origin of MS fatigue by focusing on papers that assessed the two counterparts in the same patients, paying attention that the fatigue levels do not correlate with clinical severity. We summarize and discuss evidence of increased levels of fatigue occurring together with the alterations of functional connectivity at multiple levels, in the absence of any relationship with lesion load and local atrophy of the involved structures. Specifically, neuronal communication mainly altered in the corticomuscular synchronizations, between hemispheric homologs and in the resting-state networks involved in emotion (cingulate cortex) and effort-reward balance (striatum and inferior parietal lobule). Finally, given the functional prevalence in neuronal network alterations at the origin of fatigue in MS, we highlight the relevance of developing treatments aiming at compensating the neuronal electric communication dysfunctions.
Semantic Social Networks: A Mixed Methods Approach to Digital Ethnography
Authors: Cottica Alberto , Hassoun Amelia , Manca Marco , Vallet Jason , Melançon Guy
Published: March 2020

We propose a mixed methods approach to digital ethnographic research. Treating online conversational environments as communities that ethnographers engage with as in traditional fieldwork, we represent those conversations and the codes made by researchers thereon in network form. We call these networks “semantic social networks” (SSNs), as they incorporate information on social interaction and their meaning as perceived by informants as a group and use methods from network science to visualize these ethnographic data. We present an application of this method to a large online conversation about community provision of health and social care and discuss its potential for mobilizing collective intelligence.
Selective directed forgetting: Eliminating output order and demand characteristics explanations
Authors: Aguirre Carmen , Gómez-Ariza Carlos J , Bajo María Teresa
Published: March 2020

Previous research has shown that giving an instruction to forget part of a studied list of items impairs the subsequent retrieval of these items compared with those not cued to be forgotten. This selective directed forgetting (SDF) effect has been found with slightly different procedures and in adolescents and young adults. While recent research has suggested that executive control might underlie SDF, alternative explanations that rely on procedural issues still have not been investigated. Specifically, SDF might essentially reflect output interference from the items cued to be remembered, so that the earlier recalled items interfere with the later recalled items. The effect could also result from demand characteristics: Participants might withhold the to-be-forgotten items to comply with the experimenter’s implicit goals or might not be willing to engage in the effort of retrieving all studied information. The results from two experiments showed that (1) the to-be-forgotten items were less accessible and were not influenced by output interference from to-be-remembered items (Experiment 1), and (2) SDF was still present when participants were offered monetary reward for retrieving as many items as possible (Experiment 2). Hence, the findings do not provide support to explanations of SDF based on output interference and demand characteristics.
Tell me what you saw: The usefulness of verbal descriptions for others
Authors: Tan Deborah H , Jiang Yuhong V
Published: March 2020

Describing what one saw to another person is common in everyday experience, such as spatial navigation and crime investigations. Past studies have examined the effects of recounting on one’s own memory, neglecting an important function of memory recall in social communication. Here we report surprisingly low utility of one’s verbal descriptions for others, even when visual memory for the stimuli has high capacity. Participants described photographs of common objects they had seen to enable judges to identify the target object from a foil in the same basic-level category. When describing from perception, participants were able to provide useful descriptions, allowing judges to accurately identify the target objects 87% of the time. Judges’ accuracy decreased to just 57% when participants provided descriptions from memory acquired minutes ago, and to near chance (51.8%) when the verbal descriptions were based on memory acquired 24 hours ago. Comparison of participants’ own identification accuracy with judges’ accuracy suggests the presence of a common source of errors. This finding suggests that recall and recognition of visual objects share common memory sources. In addition, the low utility of one’s verbal descriptions constrains theories about the extension of one’s memory to the external world and has implications for eyewitness identification and laws governing it.