bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of chemotherapy on activated protein C‐dependent thrombin generation—Association with VTE occurrence
Authors: Roselli Mario , Ferroni Patrizia , Riondino Silvia , Mariotti Sabrina , Laudisi Anastasia , Vergati Matteo , Cavaliere Francesco , Palmirotta Raffaele , Guadagni Fiorella
Published: February 2013

Chemotherapy has been associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the prevalence of coagulation abnormalities or VTE occurrence as a consequence of different anti‐cancer agents or treatment schemes is largely uncharacterized. Thus, this study was aimed at analyzing the impact of different anticancer drugs on the prothrombotic status of cancer out‐patients scheduled for chemotherapy. To this purpose, a mono‐institutional study was prospectively conducted to monitor serial changes of activated protein C (APC) function in 505 consecutive cancer out‐patients with primary or relapsing solid cancer at the start of a new chemotherapy regimen. The results obtained showed that age >65 years (p = 0.01), ECOG performance status (p = 0.01), platinum‐based (p = 0.035) and fluoropyrimidine‐based regimens (p = 0.008) were independent predictors of an acquired APC resistance during the first chemotherapy cycle. Multivariate model of Cox proportional hazards survival analysis demonstrated that a decline in APC functionality (HR = 2.4; p = 0.013) and platinum‐based regimens (HR = 2.2; p = 0.042) were both capable of predicting the occurrence of a first VTE episode during chemotherapy. Indeed, 14% of patients with platinum‐associated APC impairment had VTE over a 1‐year follow‐up, compared to 3% of patients treated with other regimens and in whom APC functionality remained stable (HR = 1.5; p = 0.003). We may, thus, conclude that use of platinum‐based regimens is responsible for induction of an acquired thrombophilic condition and represents a predictor for VTE even after adjustment for other risk factors.
Marriage, cohabitation and incidence trends of invasive penile squamous cell carcinoma in Denmark 1978–2010
Authors: Ulff‐Møller Constance J. , Simonsen Jacob , Frisch Morten
Published: February 2013

Few population‐based studies have investigated the relation between living arrangements and risk of invasive penile squamous cell carcinoma (iP‐SCC). Using long‐term national cancer registry data in Denmark we examined incidence trends of iP‐SCC. Furthermore, we examined the relation between marital status, cohabitation status and risk of iP‐SCC using hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) obtained in Cox proportional hazards regression analyses as our measure of relative risk. Overall, 1,292 cases of iP‐SCC were identified during 65.6 million person‐years of observation between 1978 and 2010. During this period, the WHO world age‐standardized incidence remained relatively stable (p‐trend = 0.41) with an average incidence of 1.05 cases per 100,000 person‐years. When compared to married men, those who were unmarried (HR 1.37; 95% CI: 1.13–1.66), divorced (HR 1.49; 95% CI: 1.24–1.79) or widowed (HR 1.36; 95% CI: 1.13–1.63) were at increased risk of iP‐SCC. Regarding cohabitation status, single‐living men were at increased risk of iP‐SCC compared to men in opposite‐sex cohabitation (HR 1.43; 95% CI: 1.26–1.62). Risk increased with increasing numbers of prior opposite‐sex (p‐trend = 0.02) and same‐sex (p‐trend < 0.001) cohabitations. In conclusion, single‐living Danish men and men who are not currently married are at increased risk of iP‐SCC, and the risk increases with the number of prior cohabitations, perhaps reflecting less stable sexual relations in these subgroups.
Rapid computation of sodium bioscales using gpu‐accelerated image reconstruction
Authors: Atkinson Ian C. , Liu Geng , Obeid Nady , Thulborn Keith R. , Hwu Wen‐mei
Published: February 2013

Quantitative sodium magnetic resonance imaging permits noninvasive measurement of the tissue sodium concentration (TSC) bioscale in the brain. Computing the TSC bioscale requires reconstructing and combining multiple datasets acquired with a non‐Cartesian acquisition that highly oversamples the center ofk‐space. Even with an optimized implementation of the algorithm to compute TSC, the overall processing time exceeds the time required to collect data from the human subject. Such a mismatch presents a challenge for sustained sodium imaging to avoid a growing data backlog and provide timely results. The most computationally intensive portions of the TSC calculation have been identified and accelerated using a consumer graphics processing unit (GPU) in addition to a conventional central processing unit (CPU). A recently developed data organization technique called Compact Binning was used along with several existing algorithmic techniques to maximize the scalability and performance of these computationally intensive operations. The resulting GPU+CPU TSC bioscale calculation is more than 15 times faster than a CPU‐only implementation when processing 256 × 256 × 256 data and 2.4 times faster when processing 128 × 128 × 128 data. This eliminates the possibility of a data backlog for quantitative sodium imaging. The accelerated quantification technique is suitable for general three‐dimensional non‐Cartesian acquisitions and may enable more sophisticated imaging techniques that acquire even more data to be used for quantitative sodium imaging. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 29–35, 2013.
Correlates of bone microarchitectural parameters and serum sclerostin levels in men: The STRAMBO study
Authors: Szulc Pawel , Boutroy Stéphanie , Vilayphiou Nicolas , Schoppet Michael , Rauner Martina , Chapurlat Roland , Hamann Christine , Hofbauer Lorenz C
Published: February 2013

Sclerostin is predominantly expressed by osteocytes. Serum sclerostin levels are positively correlated with areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone microarchitecture assessed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in small studies. We assessed the relation of serum sclerostin levels with aBMD and microarchitectural parameters based on HR-pQCT in 1134 men aged 20 to 87 years using multivariable models adjusted for confounders (age, body size, lifestyle, comorbidities, hormones regulating bone metabolism, muscle mass and strength). The apparent age-related increase in serum sclerostin levels was faster before the age of 63 years than afterward (0.43 SD versus 0.20 SD per decade). In 446 men aged ≤63 years, aBMD (spine, hip, whole body), trabecular volumetric BMD (Tb.vBMD), and trabecular number (Tb.N) at the distal radius and tibia were higher in the highest sclerostin quartile versus the three lower quartiles combined. After adjustment for aBMD, men in the highest sclerostin quartile had higher Tb.vBMD (mainly in the central compartment) and Tb.N at both skeletal sites (p < 0.05 to 0.001). In 688 men aged >63 years, aBMD was positively associated with serum sclerostin levels at all skeletal sites. Cortical vBMD (Ct.vBMD) and cortical thickness (Ct.Th) were lower in the first sclerostin quartile versus the three higher quartiles combined. Tb.vBMD increased across the sclerostin quartiles, and was associated with lower Tb.N and more heterogeneous trabecular distribution (higher Tb.Sp.SD) in men in the lowest sclerostin quartile. After adjustment for aBMD, men in the lowest sclerostin quartile had lower Tb.vBMD and Tb.N, but higher Tb.Sp.SD (p < 0.05 to 0.001) at both the skeletal sites. In conclusion, serum sclerostin levels in men are strongly positively associated with better bone microarchitectural parameters, mainly trabecular architecture, regardless of the potential confounders.
Cytological observations of the ovarian epithelium in mammals during the reproductive cycle
Authors: Anderson Everett , Lee Gloria , Letourneau Richard , Albertini David F. , Meller Samuel M.
Published: February 2013

We have studied the ovarian epithelium at various stages of the reproductive cycle in a number of mammalian species utilizing light microscopy, scanning microscopy, the freeze‐fracture technique, transmission microscopy and by employing specialized tracers that use lanthanum and horseradish peroxidase. We found that the epithelial cells are joined by incomplete tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes. The cytoplasmic matrix contains a large irregularly shaped nucleus, few microtubules, microfilaments, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and a host of coated and non‐coated vesicles of varying diameters. The saccules comprising the large Golgi complex and its companion vesicles are associated with a basal body‐centriole complex: some of these saccules and affiliated vesicles are acid phosphatase positive.

Surface modifications of ovarian epithelial cells include numerous microvilli, some of which have a bulbous tip, and plications of the lateral plasma membrane which are thought to accommodate volume changes of the ovary during follicular development. Many coated and non‐coated endocytotic caveolae were found on these cells, particularly in the basal area. These caveolae internalized exogeneously administered horseradish peroxidase. We view the marked endocytotic activity as an efficient transport mechanism for partially removing substances from the interstitium of the ovary and the peritoneum.
Ultrastructure of the secretory cells of the submucosal glands in the human maxillary sinus
Authors: Vidić Branislav , Tandler Bernard
Published: February 2013

Tissue samples obtained from the lateral wall of the maxillary sinuses of five patients were examined by light microscopical, histochemical, and ultrastructural techniques. Submucosal glands were tubulo‐alveolar mixed glands. The acini consisted of either all serous or all mucous cells, or a mixture of both. Serous granules were stained by toluidine blue, or by hematoxylin and eosin (H and E), but showed little or no reaction with periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) or Alcian blue. Mucous granules were pale in toluidine blue or H and E preparations, and consisted primarily of acid mucosubstances, as demonstrated by their staining reaction with PAS and Alcian blue. At the electron microscope level, the serous granules were either homogeneously dense, or showed a substructure consisting of at least two layers of distinctly different electron‐opacity. Typical mucous droplets consisted of a fibrillar network dispersed in a translucent matrix. A second secretory product was present in the mucous cells in the form of elongated, membrane‐bounded structures containing numerous parallel filaments, which measured about 55 Å in diameter. The mucous droplets and the filamentous bodies appear to arise from the opposite faces of the Golgi complex in the mucous cells. The filamentous bodies showed a pronounced tendency to fuse with the mucous droplets. All acini were surrounded by a well‐defined myoepithelial layer and contained intercellular nerve terminals.
Fine structure of the retinal epithelium and tapetum lucidum of the opossum (didelphis virginiana)
Authors: Braekevelt C. R.
Published: February 2013

The fine structure of the retinal epithelium has been studied by electron microscopy in the opossum (Didelphis virginiana). The retinal epithelium, over most of the retina, is typical of that in other vertebrates and consists of a single layer of heavily pigmented, cuboidal cells. These cells display extensive basal (scleral) infoldings and numerous apical (vitreal) processes which enclose photoreceptor outer segments.

A semicircular area of the retinal epithelium in the superior fundus is further specialized as a tapetum lucidum. The reflecting material consists of a large quantity of lipoidal spheres scattered throughout the epithelial cells. Centrally in the tapetal area very few or no melanosomes are found, indicating a non‐occlusible tapetum. Peripherally in the tapetum, the epithelial cells contain both reflecting material and melanosomes. As in the non‐tapetal area, the epithelial cells of the tapetum display large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and numerous mitochondria.

Bruch's membrane everywhere displays the usual pentalaminate structure described for most vertebrates. The choriocapillaris is also typical, in that numerous fenestrations are present in the endothelium bordering Bruch's membrane.
Comparative gastrointestinal morphology of three small mammalian insectivores: Acomys spinosissimus (Rodentia), Crocidura cyanea (Eulipotyphla), and Amblysomus hottentotus (Afrosoricida)
Authors: Boonzaier Julia , Van der Merwe Elizabeth L. , Bennett Nigel C. , Kotzé Sanet H.
Published: February 2013

The gastrointestinal morphology was investigated in three mammalian insectivorous species, namely Acomys spinosissimus, Crocidura cyanea, and Amblysomus hottentotus. The aim of the study was to provide a comprehensive morphological comparison between the different species and to explore whether anatomical gastrointestinal adaptations are associated with the insectivorous diet of these species. The shape, proportional length, and proportional surface areas of the different gastrointestinal regions were recorded and compared in the three insectivores. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Alcian Blue/Periodic Acid Schiff (AB/PAS) were used for morphological assessment. In all three species, the stomach was simple and uncompartmentalized. The internal aspect of the stomach in A. spinosissimus was hemi‐glandular, containing stratified squamous epithelium in the fundus, with glandular epithelium in the body and pyloric region. However, C. cyanea and A. hottentotus had wholly glandular stomachs. Paneth cells were not observed in the intestinal tracts of C. cyanea and A. hottentotus. Acomys spinosissimus was the only species studied that had a cecum. The proximal colonic region of A. spinosissimus had V‐shaped mucosal folds. Histologically, C. cyanea had villi throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract (GIT), whereas for A. hottentotus villi were not present in the most distal gastrointestinal regions. In both C. cyanea and A. hottentotus, longitudinal mucosal folds were present in the distal part of the colon. The GITs of C. cyanea and A. hottentotus showed little morphological differentiation namely, a simple, glandular stomach and the lack of a cecum. J. Morphol., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human milk can neutralize Coxsackievirus B4 in vitro
Authors: Sane F. , Alidjinou E.K. , Kacet N. , Moukassa D. , Charlet C. , Ebatetou‐Ataboho E. , Ngoulou W. , Badia‐Boungou F. , Romond M.B. , Hober D.
Published: February 2013

The role of enteroviruses in type 1 diabetes has long been suspected. A lower risk of type 1 diabetes is associated with breastfeeding, which could be due to a protective effect against enteroviruses. The neutralizing activity of breast milk against CVB4, a representative of enteroviruses was investigated in this study in vitro. Breast milk was cytotoxic to Hep‐2 cells up to a dilution of 1/32, whereas the aqueous fraction obtained after centrifugation was not cytotoxic; although it inhibited the cytopathic effect of CVB4 on Hep‐2 cell monolayers. The anti‐CVB4 neutralizing activity of aqueous fractions of breast milk from 49 donors living in Northern France and 15 donors living in Congo, where enteroviral infections are more prevalent, were determined. The levels of colostrum activity expressed as titre ranged from <2 to 32 in 36% of the donors from France whereas they were >128 in every donor from Congo. Pasteurized colostrum had a lower anti‐CVB4 activity compared to fresh samples (P < 0.0001, n = 49). The treatment of colostrum samples with jacalin‐coated beads that bind specifically to human IgA, showed that IgA plays a role in anti‐CVB4 activity. There was no correlation between the neutralizing activities of breast milk and serum (P = 0.37, n = 25). The current study showed that the variations in anti‐CVB4 activity in breast milk can be attributed to environmental and living conditions. Whether a low protective activity of breast milk against enteroviruses expose newborns to a higher risk of type 1 diabetes deserves further investigation. J. Med. Virol. 85:880–887, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HeLa cell heterogeneity and coxsackievirus B3 cytopathic effect: Implications for inter‐laboratory reproducibility of results
Authors: Carson Steven D. , Pirruccello Samuel J.
Published: February 2013

Concerns over cell line identities and contamination have led investigators to acquire fresh stocks of HeLa CCL‐2 cells, but results with the HeLa CCL‐2 cells do not always reproduce results with HeLa cells that have long history in the laboratory. When used for TCID50 assays of Coxsackievirus B3/28 (CVB3/28), HeLa CCL‐2 cells returned titers for CVB3/28 that were more than ten‐fold lower than titers obtained using laboratory HeLa cells. The viral cytopathic effect was less distinct in the HeLa CCL‐2 cultures, suggestive of a mixed population of cells with varied susceptibility to viral cytopathic effect. Analysis of short tandem repeat markers confirmed the identities of the cell lines as HeLa. Subpopulations in the HeLa CCL‐2 culture, separated easily based on the speed with which they were released by trypsin‐EDTA, differed in their susceptibilities to CVB3/28 cytopathic effect, and in their expression of the Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR). The distinctions between Lab HeLa and HeLa CCL‐2 cells were less obvious when infected with CVB3/RD, a strain selected for growth in RD cells. Results that differ among laboratories may be due to the use of HeLa cell strains with different histories, and experiments using HeLa CCL‐2 available from the American Type Culture Collection are probably incapable of reproducing many of the published studies of Coxsackievirus that have used HeLa cells with laboratory‐dependent histories. J. Med. Virol. 85:677–683, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells improve cognitive function and physical activity in ageing mice
Authors: Park Dongsun , Yang Goeun , Bae Dae Kwon , Lee Sun Hee , Yang Yun‐Hui , Kyung Jangbeen , Kim Dajeong , Choi Ehn‐Kyoung , Choi Kyung‐Chul , Kim Seung U. , Kang Sung Keun , Ra Jeong Chan , Kim Yun‐Bae
Published: February 2013

Brain ageing leads to atrophy and degeneration of the cholinergic nervous system, resulting in profound neurobehavioral and cognitive dysfunction from decreased acetylcholine biosynthesis and reduced secretion of growth and neurotrophic factors. Human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) were intravenously (1 × 106 cells) or intracerebroventricularly (4 × 105 cells) transplanted into the brains of 18‐month‐old mice once or four times at 2‐week intervals. Transplantation of ADMSCs improved both locomotor activity and cognitive function in the aged animals, in parallel with recovery of acetylcholine levels in brain tissues. Transplanted cells differentiated into neurons and, in part, into astrocytes and produced choline acetyltransferase proteins. Transplantation of ADMSCs restored microtubule‐associated protein 2 in brain tissue and enhanced Trk B expression and the concentrations of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor. These results indicate that human ADMSCs differentiate into neural cells in the brain microenvironment and can restore physical and cognitive functions of aged mice not only by increasing acetylcholine synthesis but also by restoring neuronal integrity that may be mediated by growth/neurotrophic factors. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increased expression of AGS3 in rat brain cortex after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Qi , Zou Feihui , Yu Zhihua , Wang Yunfeng , Lu Ting , Hu Tong , Cui Gang
Published: February 2013

Receptor‐independent activators of G protein signaling (AGS) offer alternative modes of signal processing for the G protein signaling system that has broad mechanistic and functional significance. Previous studies have demonstrated that AGS3, which belongs to the AGS family, is involved in a number of different cellular activities. However, the distribution and function of AGS3 in the central nervous system (CNS) remain unclear. To investigate whether AGS3 is involved in CNS injury and repair, we used an acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) model in adult rats. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry showed a significant upregulation of AGS3 in ipsilateral peritrauma cortex. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that AGS3 was coexpressed with NeuN but rarely with glial fibrillary acidic protein. In addition, we detected that active caspase‐3 had colocalization with NeuN and AGS3, suggesting that AGS3 might be involved in the neuron apoptosis after TBI. To investigate the potential function of AGS3 further, a neuronal cell line, PC12, was employed to establish a cell apoptosis model. Western blot analysis indicated that AGS3 shared a similar dynamic variation in animal experiments, and phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) increased in parallel. Additionally, knocking down AGS3 with siRNA partially attenuated the protein level of phosphorylated CREB in PC12 stimulated by H2O2, while reinforcing active caspase‐3 expression, demonstrating a probable antiapoptotic role through CREB played by AGS3 in neuronal apoptosis. We hypothesize that AGS3 might play an important antiapoptotic role through enhancing phosphorylation of CREB. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Valproic acid attenuates microgliosis in injured spinal cord and purinergic P2X4 receptor expression in activated microglia
Authors: Lu Wen‐Hsin , Wang Chih‐Yen , Chen Po‐See , Wang Jing‐Wen , Chuang De‐Maw , Yang Chung‐Shi , Tzeng Shun‐Fen
Published: February 2013

Peripheral injection with a high dose of valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, into animals with mild or moderate spinal cord injury (SCI) for 1 week can reduce spinal cord tissue loss and promote hindlimb locomotor recovery. A purinergic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) receptor subtype, P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), has been considered as a potential target to diminish SCI‐associated inflammatory responses. In this study, using a minipump‐based infusion system, we found that intraspinal infusion with VPA for 3 days into injured spinal cord significantly improved hindlimb locomotion of rats with severe SCI induced by a 10‐g NYU impactor dropping from the height of 50 mm onto the spinal T9/10 segment. The neuronal fibers in the injured spinal cord tissues were significantly preserved in VPA‐treated rats compared with those observed in vehicle‐treated animals. Moreover, the accumulation of microglia/macrophages and astrocytes in the injured spinal cord was attenuated in the animal group receiving VPA infusion. VPA also significantly reduced P2X4R expression post‐SCI. Furthermore, in vitro study indicated that VPA, but not the other HDAC inhibitors, sodium butyrate and trichostatin A (TSA), caused downregulation of P2X4R in microglia activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)‐triggered signaling was involved in the effect of VPA on the inhibition of P2X4R gene expression. In addition to the findings from others, our results also provide important evidence to show the inhibitory effect of VPA on P2X4R expression in activated microglia, which may contribute to reduction of SCI‐induced gliosis and subsequently preservation of spinal cord tissues. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compliance: When “Just Following Orders” Becomes “Just Trying to Keep My Job”
Authors: Beckwith Doug
Published: February 2013

Reviewed by Doug Beckwith, JD, PhD
A Path to Passion: Connecting Personality, Psychological Conditions, and Emotional Engagement
Authors: Wildermuth Cristina de Mello e Souza , Vaughan Amy Grace , Christo‐Baker Elizabeth Anne
Published: February 2013

The focus of this study was emotional engagement, or a strong emotional attachment to one's work (Kahn, 1990). The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship among five factors of personality (need for stability, extraversion, originality, accommodation, and consolidation); psychological conditions of engagement; person–work fit, and the emotional engagement of human resource senior leaders, managers, and generalists. Structural equation modeling was completed separately for each of the three job categories. The results supported significant direct relationships among personality factors and emotional engagement but suggested that meaningfulness, availability, and person–work fit also moderate these relationships. This study makes three main contributions to the literature on the topic. First, although previous research (May, Gilson, & Harter, 2004; Rothmann & Rothmann, 2010) investigated engagement in general, this study spotlighted emotional engagement. Second, this study drew a path leading from personality to emotional engagement, moderated by psychological engagement conditions. Third, this study focused on human resource professionals, who hitherto had received scant coverage in the literature. This study proposes an emotional engagement formula that accounts for a large portion of the variability in emotional engagement (58% for managers, 61% for generalists, and 62% for senior leaders).
A sensitive method for determination of allergenic fragrance terpene hydroperoxides using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Rudbäck Johanna , Islam Nurul , Nilsson Ulrika , Karlberg Ann‐Therese
Published: February 2013

Different compositions of monoterpenes are utilized for their pleasant scent in cosmetics and perfumes. However, the most commonly used fragrance terpenes easily oxidize upon contact with air, forming strongly skin‐sensitizing hydroperoxides. Due to their thermolability and low UV absorbance, detection methods for hydroperoxides are scarce. For the first time, a simple and sensitive method using LC/ESI‐MS/MS was developed to quantitatively determine hydroperoxides from the common fragrance compounds linalool, linalyl acetate, and limonene. The method was applied to autoxidized petitgrain oil and sweet orange oil. A separation was accomplished using a C3 column. The method LOD for the investigated hydroperoxides in the essential oils was below 0.3 μg/mL, corresponding to 0.3 ppm.

For prevention purposes and according to EU regulations, concentrations in cosmetics exceeding 100 ppm in “rinse‐off” and 10 ppm in “stay‐on” products of linalool and limonene must be labeled. However, the products may still contain allergens, such as hydroperoxides, formed by oxidative degradation of their parent terpenes. The sensitivity and selectivity of the presented LC/MS/MS method enables detection of hydroperoxides from the fragrance terpenes linalool, linalyl acetate, and limonene. However, for routine measurements, the method requires further validation.
Assessment of hepatic steatosis by transplant surgeon and expert pathologist: A prospective, double-blind evaluation of 201 donor livers
Authors: Yersiz Hasan , Lee Coney , Kaldas Fady M. , Hong Johnny C. , Rana Abbas , Schnickel Gabriel T. , Wertheim Jason A. , Zarrinpar Ali , Agopian Vatche G. , Gornbein Jeffrey , Naini Bita V. , Lassman Charles R. , Busuttil Ronald W. , Petrowsky Henrik
Published: February 2013

An accurate clinical assessment of hepatic steatosis before transplantation is critical for successful outcomes after liver transplantation, especially if a pathologist is not available at the time of procurement. This prospective study investigated the surgeon's accuracy in predicting hepatic steatosis and organ quality in 201 adult donor livers. A steatosis assessment by a blinded expert pathologist served as the reference gold standard. The surgeon's steatosis estimate correlated more strongly with large-droplet macrovesicular steatosis [ld-MaS; nonparametric Spearman correlation coefficient (rS
) = 0.504] versus small-droplet macrovesicular steatosis (sd-MaS; rS
= 0.398). True microvesicular steatosis was present in only 2 donors (1%). Liver texture criteria (yellowness, absence of scratch marks, and round edges) were mainly associated with ld-MaS (variance = 0.619) and were less associated with sd-MaS (variance = 0.264). The prediction of ≥30% ld-MaS versus <30% ld-MaS was excellent when liver texture criteria were used (accuracy = 86.2%), but it was less accurate when the surgeon's direct estimation of the steatosis percentage was used (accuracy = 75.5%). The surgeon's quality grading correlated with the degree of ld-MaS and the surgeon's steatosis estimate as well as the incidence of poor initial function and primary nonfunction. In conclusion, the precise estimation of steatosis remains challenging even in experienced hands. Liver texture characteristics are more helpful in identifying macrosteatotic organs than the surgeon's actual perception of steatosis. These findings are especially important when histological assessment is not available at the donor's hospital. Liver Transpl 19:437–449, 2013. © 2013 AASLD.
Head‐pelvis coupling is increased during turning in patients with Parkinson's disease and freezing of gait
Authors: Spildooren Joke , Vercruysse Sarah , Heremans Elke , Galna Brook , Vandenbossche Jochen , Desloovere Kaat , Vandenberghe Wim , Nieuwboer Alice
Published: February 2013

Turning is the most important trigger for freezing of gait (FOG). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between impaired head‐pelvis rotation during turning and FOG. Head, trunk, and pelvic rotation were measured at onset and throughout a 180‐degree turn in 13 freezers and 14 nonfreezers (OFF medication). We also studied 14 controls at preferred and slow speed to investigate the influence of turn velocity on axial rotation. Location and duration of FOG episodes were defined during the turn. At turning onset, head rotation preceded thorax and pelvic rotation in all groups, but this craniocaudal sequence disappeared when FOG occurred. Maximum head‐pelvis separation was significantly greater in controls, compared to freezers and nonfreezers (35.4 versus 25.7 and 27.3 degrees; P < 0.01), but this finding was speed dependent. Timing of maximum head‐pelvis separation was delayed in freezers, compared to nonfreezers and controls, irrespective of turn velocity. This delay was correlated with increased neck rigidity (R = 0.62; P = 0.02) and worsened during FOG trials. FOG occurred more often at the end of the turn, when difference in rotation velocity between head and pelvis was greatest. Even after controlling for speed and disease severity, turning in freezers was characterized by delayed head rotation and a closer coupling between head and pelvis, especially in turns where FOG occurred. These changes may be attributed to delayed preparation for the change in walking direction and, as such, contribute to FOG. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Chronic leucine supplementation increases body weight and insulin sensitivity in rats on high‐fat diet likely by promoting insulin signaling in insulin‐target tissues
Authors: Li Xiang , Wang Xiaolei , Liu Rui , Ma Yan , Guo Huailan , Hao Liping , Yao Ping , Liu Liegang , Sun Xiufa , He Ka , Cao Wenhong , Yang Xuefeng
Published: February 2013

Scope

This study investigated the effect of chronic leucine supplementation on insulin sensitivity and the associated mechanisms in rats on high‐fat diet (HFD).

Methods and results

Male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed either normal chow diet or HFD supplemented with 0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5% leucine for 24 weeks. We found that chronic leucine supplementation increased insulin sensitivity together with increased body weight in rats on HFD, but had no effect on insulin sensitivity in rats on normal chow diet. The increased insulin sensitivity by leucine supplementation was not associated with altered ectopic fat accumulation in liver and muscle, plasma levels of lipids and cytokines, but is associated with reduced oxidative stress and improved insulin signaling. Chronic leucine supplementation did not enhance insulin receptor substract‐1 (IRS‐1) phosphorylation on serine 302, but elevated basal IRS‐1 phosphorylation on tyrosine 632 and improved insulin‐stimulated protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue of rats on HFD rats, indicating leucine supplementation prevented HFD‐induced insulin resistance in insulin‐target tissues.

Conclusion

Chronic leucine supplementation can increase insulin sensitivity and body weight likely by reducing oxidative stress and improving insulin signaling pathway in rats on HFD.
Unit‐level time trends and seasonality in the rate of hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers in US acute care hospitals
Authors: He Jianghua , Staggs Vincent S. , Bergquist‐Beringer Sandra , Dunton Nancy
Published: February 2013

This is a longitudinal study of the trend and seasonality in unit‐level hospital‐acquired pressure ulcer (HAPU) rates from 2004 to 2011, for 5447 acute care nursing units in 733 US hospitals. Unit‐level HAPU rates decreased significantly during 2004–2007 (OR = 0.91, 95% CI [0.90, 0.91]) and the decreasing trend was much stronger during 2008–2011 (OR = 0.84 [0.83, 0.85]). Seasonal variations in HAPU rates were strong and consistent during 2004–2008, with the highest HAPU rate in Quarter 1 (Jan–Mar) and the lowest rate in Quarter 3 (Jul–Sep). During 2009–2011, the magnitude of this seasonality was greatly reduced, and only HAPU rate in Quarter 1 remained significantly higher than HAPU rates in other quarters. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36:171–180, 2013
Influence of sepiolite and electron beam irradiation on the structural and physicochemical properties of polyethylene/starch nanocomposites
Authors: Yasin Tariq , Nisar Muhammad , Shafiq Muhammad , Nho Young‐Chang , Ahmad Rashid
Published: February 2013

This study presents the influence of functionalized sepiolite and electron beam irradiation on the structural and physicochemical properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/starch blends. HDPE/Starch blends containing varying amounts of sepiolite [from 2 to 6 parts per hundred (phr) resins] were prepared in an internal mixer and subjected to electron beam irradiation. The structural analysis of nanocomposites revealed an interaction among the incorporated components. The morphological analysis depicted the void‐free dispersion of additives in the nanocomposites as well as an improvement in the compatibility between the matrix and additives. The sepiolite served as a heat barrier and improved the thermal stability of blend upto a maximum of 45°C. The ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus (E) of blend was slightly improved with the incorporation of sepiolite and radiation. On the contrary, the E of nanocomposites was significantly improved with radiation dose. The sample containing 6 phr sepiolite and irradiated at 100 kGy showed 61% increase in E when compared with its unirradiated counterpart. Likewise, the thermal distortion temperature and Vicat softening temperature of the blend was slightly changed with the incorporation of sepiolite and radiation dose; however, increased with radiation dose in the nanocomposites. The improvements in the properties of nanocomposites with radiation dose were assigned to the formation of radiation‐induced crosslinked network as revealed by gel content analysis. The results presented here revealed substantial improvements in the properties of nanocomposites with irradiation, which pave way for their potential applications in various sectors including packaging materials for radiation sterilizable products. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation of low‐density polyethylene foams with high rebound resilience by blending with polyethylene–octylene elastomer
Authors: Wang Wei , Gong Weiguang , Zheng Baicun
Published: February 2013

Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE)/polyethylene–octylene elastomer (POE) foams with different composition ratios (POE, cross‐linking agent, and blowing agent) were produced by using the continuous cross‐linking and foaming process to improve the rebound resilience of chemical cross‐linked LDPE foams. The effects of POE, cross‐linking agent, and foaming agent on rebound resilience of LDPE/POE foams were investigated by using a rebound test, cross‐linking degree experiment, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Results show that the rebound resilience of LDPE was improved by increasing the flexibility of cell walls and the cell density and decreasing the foam density. Compared with the rebound resilience of pure LDPE (33%), the proposed LDPE/POE foams could meet the requirements of gymnastics mats for high rebound resilience (55%). POLYM. ENG. SCI., 53:2527–2534, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
The nature of Cu–C bond and copper oxidation state in chloroorganocuprates [CuClnCH3]2−n
Authors: Golubeva Elena N. , Zubanova Ekaterina M. , Zhidomirov Georgii M.
Published: February 2013

The adducts of copper(II) chloride complexes with organic radicals may be intermediates in reactions of halohydrocarbons proceeding via radical mechanism and in catalyzed by chlorocuprates. In this paper, the structure and reactivity of chloroorganocuprates with general formula [CuClnCH3]2−n (n = 0–4) were studied at density functional theory (DFT) level of theory. The comparison of geometric and electronic structures of chloroorganocuprates and corresponding copper(II) chloride complexes with the same number of chlorine atoms indicates the higher Cu oxidation state in [CuClnCH3]2−n. The Natural Bonding Orbital analysis confirms the formation of covalent σ‐Cu–C bond in these complexes. The analysis of the PES of the system CuCl42−–CH3• indentifies two local minima, corresponding to CuCH3Cl42− and weak complex CuCl32−···CH3Cl, as well as transition state between them. The calculations evidence the spontaneous character of copper ion reduction with formation of halohydrocarbon by chlorine atom detachment from CuCl42− with high energetic effect. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐assembly and responsiveness of polypeptide‐based block copolymers: How “Smart” behavior and topological complexity yield unique assembly in aqueous media
Authors: Ray Jacob G. , Johnson Ashley J. , Savin Daniel A.
Published: February 2013

Polypeptide‐based amphiphilic block copolymers are an attractive class of materials given their ability to form well‐defined aqueous nanoassemblies that respond to external stimulus through secondary structure transitions. This report will highlight recent literature in the area of polypeptide‐based block copolymer self‐assembly, with the major focus being on how the responsive nature and structural complexity of the polypeptide blocks can be incorporated into systems with complex topologies such as ABA/BAB/ABC triblock copolymers, AB2 and A2B star copolymers, and miktoarm μ‐ABC star terpolymers. In particular, the role of interfacial curvature changes and how they result in morphology transitions will be discussed. The ‘smart’ assembly properties of peptides in complex block copolymer topologies can lead to enhanced responsiveness, morphological complexity, and unique morphological transitions with varying solution conditions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Physics of engineered protein hydrogels
Authors: Kim Minkyu , Tang Shengchang , Olsen Bradley D.
Published: February 2013

Artificially engineered proteins and synthetic polypeptides have attracted widespread interest as building blocks for polymer hydrogels. The biophysical properties of the proteins, such as molecular recognition abilities, folded chain structures, and sequence‐dependent thermodynamic behavior, enable advances in functional, responsive, and tunable gels. This review discusses the design of polymer hydrogels that incorporate protein domains, highlighting new challenges in polymer physics that are presented by this emerging class of materials. Five types of engineered protein hydrogels are discussed: (a) physically associating protein polymer gels, (b) amorphous artificially engineered protein networks, (c) engineered proteins with crystalline domains, (d) stretchable protein tertiary structures in gels, and (e) protein gels with biological recognition properties. The physics of the protein component and the physical properties of the resulting hydrogels are summarized, illustrating how advances in understanding these systems are leading to exciting novel biofunctional hydrogels. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Amyloid aggregation of lysozyme: The synergy study of red wine polyphenols
Authors: Gazova Zuzana , Siposova Katarina , Kurin Elena , Mučaji Pavel , Nagy Milan
Published: February 2013

The amyloidoses are diseases associated with nonnative folding of proteins and characterized by the presence of protein amyloid aggregates. The ability of quercetin, resveratrol, caffeic acid, and their equimolar mixtures to affect amyloid aggregation of hen egg white lysozyme in vitro was detected by Thioflavin T fluorescence assay. The anti‐amyloid activities of tested polyphenols were evaluated by the median depolymerization concentrations DC50 and median inhibition concentrations IC50. Single substances are more efficient (by at least one order) in the depolymerization of amyloid aggregates assay than in the inhibition of the amyloid formation with IC50 in 10−4 to 10−5M range. Analyzed mixture samples showed synergic or antagonistic effects in both assays. DC50 values ranged from 10−5 to 10−8M and IC50 from 10−5 to 10−9M, respectively. We observed that certain mixtures of studied polyphenols can synergistically inhibit production of amyloids aggregates and are also effective in depolymerization of the aggregates. Synergic or antagonistic effects of studied mixtures were correlated with protein–small ligand docking studies and AFM results. Differences in these activities could be explained by binding of each polyphenol to a different amino acid sequence within the protein. Our results indicate that synergic/antagonistic anti‐amyloid effects of studied mixtures depend on the selective binding of polyphenols to the known amyloidogenic sequences in the lysozyme chain. Our findings of the effective reduction of amyloid aggregation of lysozyme by polyphenol mixtures in vitro are of the utter physiological relevance considering the bioavailability and low toxicity of tested phenols. Proteins 2013; © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chief strategy officers: Contingency analysis of their presence in top management teams
Authors: Menz Markus , Scheef Christine
Published: February 2013

Drawing upon contingency theory, we analyze the antecedents and performance consequences of chief strategy officer (CSO) presence in top management teams (TMTs). We argue that strategic and structural complexity affects the decision to have a CSO in the TMT and its effect on firm performance. The results of a sample of S&P 500 firms over a five‐year period reveal that diversification, acquisition activity, and TMT role interdependence are positively associated with CSO presence. However, we also find that the structural choice to have a CSO in the TMT does not significantly affect a firm's financial performance. This first systematic analysis of CSO presence informs research on CSOs and contributes to the emerging literature on TMT structure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shockwaves Induce Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through ATP Release and Activation of P2X7 Receptors
Authors: Sun Dahui , Junger Wolfgang G. , Yuan Changji , Zhang Wenyan , Bao Yi , Qin Daming , Wang Chengxue , Tan Lei , Qi Baochang , Zhu Dong , Zhang Xizheng , Yu Tiecheng
Published: February 2013

Shockwave treatment promotes bone healing of nonunion fractures. In this study, we investigated whether this effect could be due to adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) release-induced differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into osteoprogenitor cells. Cultured bone marrow-derived hMSCs were subjected to shockwave treatment and ATP release was assessed. Osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of hMSCs were evaluated by examining alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin production, and calcium nodule formation. Expression of P2X7 receptors and c-fos and c-jun mRNA was determined with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. P2X7-siRNA, apyrase, P2 receptor antagonists, and p38 MAPK inhibitors were used to evaluate the roles of ATP release, P2X7 receptors, and p38 MAPK signaling in shockwave-induced osteogenic hMSCs differentiation. Shockwave treatment released significant amounts (∼7 μM) of ATP from hMSCs. Shockwaves and exogenous ATP induced c-fos and c-jun mRNA transcription, p38 MAPK activation, and hMSC differentiation. Removal of ATP with apyrase, targeting of P2X7 receptors with P2X7-siRNA or selective antagonists, or blockade of p38 MAPK with SB203580 prevented osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Our findings indicate that shockwaves release cellular ATP that activates P2X7 receptors and downstream signaling events that caused osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. We conclude that shockwave therapy promotes bone healing through P2X7 receptor signaling, which contributes to hMSC differentiation.
Autologous adipose tissue-derived stem cells treatment demonstrated favorable and sustainable therapeutic effect for Crohn's fistula
Authors: Lee Woo Yong , Park Kyu Joo , Cho Yong Beom , Yoon Sang Nam , Song Kee Ho , Kim Do Sun , Jung Sang Hun , Kim Mihyung , Yoo Hee-Won , Kim Inok , Ha Hunjoo , Yu Chang Sik
Published: February 2013

Fistula is a representative devastating complication in Crohn's patients due to refractory to conventional therapy and high recurrence. In our phase I clinical trial, adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) demonstrated their safety and therapeutic potential for healing fistulae associated with Crohn's disease. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ASCs in patients with Crohn's fistulae. In this phase II study, forty-three patients were treated with ASCs. The amount of ASCs was proportioned to fistula size and fistula tract was filled with ASCs in combination with fibrin glue after intralesional injection of ASCs. Patients without complete closure of fistula at 8 weeks received a second injection of ASCs containing 1.5 times more cells than the first injection. Fistula healing at week 8 after final dose injection and its sustainability for 1-year were evaluated. Healing was defined as a complete closure of external opening without any sign of drainage and inflammation. A modified per-protocol analysis showed that complete fistula healing was observed in 27/33 patients (82%) by 8 weeks after ASC injection. Of 27 patients with fistula healing, 26 patients completed additional observation study for 1-year and 23 patients (88%) sustained complete closure. There were no adverse events related to ASC administration. ASC treatment for patients with Crohn's fistulae was well tolerated, with a favorable therapeutic outcome. Furthermore, complete closure was well sustained. These results strongly suggest that autologous ASC could be a novel treatment option for the Crohn's fistula with high-risk of recurrence.