bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aerobic oxidative C–C bond formation through C–H bond activation catalysed by flavin and iodine
Authors: Miyake Hazuki , Ishige Nico , Okai Hayaki , Iida Hiroki
Published: August 2024

The flavin–iodine-coupled catalyst enabled the C–H activation of isoquinolines, successfully resulting in aerobic C–C bond formation.
CO2-based polycarbonates from biobased cyclic terpenes with end-of-life usage potential
Authors: Holzmüller Philipp , Preis Jasmin , Frey Holger
Published: August 2024

Biobased menthyl, thymyl, and carvacryl glycidyl ethers were copolymerized with CO2, leading to molar masses up to 60 kg mol−1 with Tg values ranging from 0 to 58 °C. The polymers degrade under basic conditions, affording diols and CO2 for recycling.
Facile synthesis and controlled self-assembly of poly(phenyl isocyanide)-block-polycarbonate copolymers
Authors: Du Ya-Nan , Pan Ya-Nan , Du Xian-Hui , Ye Chen-Chen , Wang Chao , Han Man-Yi , Xu Lei
Published: August 2024

Poly(phenyl isocyanide)-block-polycarbonate was synthesized. Crystallization-driven self-assembly of copolymers led to the formation of nanospheres, one-dimensional nanofibers, and two-dimensional nanoribbons.
Coordination-bond-assisted fabrication of robust composite photonic crystal films through melt-compression
Authors: Li Jiahao , Yu Tongling , Wu Chengcai , Fang Qianyao , Su Xin
Published: August 2024

Robust photonic crystal films with vivid colors are fabricated through coordination-bond assisted melt compression and recombined into multicolor patterns.
Advancements in MAX phase materials: structure, properties, and novel applications
Authors: Alam Md. Shahinoor , Chowdhury Mohammad Asaduzzaman , Khandaker Tasmina , Hossain Muhammad Sarwar , Islam Md. Saiful , Islam Md. Moynul , Hasan Md. Kamrul
Published: August 2024

The MAX phase represents a diverse class of nanolaminate materials with intriguing properties that have received incredible global research attention because they bridge the divide separating metals and ceramics.
Artificial intelligence-aiding lab-on-a-chip workforce designed oral [3.1.0] bi and [4.2.0] tricyclic catalytic interceptors inhibiting multiple SARS-CoV-2 protomers assisted by double-shell deep learning
Authors: Kalasin Surachate , Surareungchai Werasak
Published: August 2024

Deep learning-integrated lab-on-a-chip in designing oral [3.1.0] bi and [4.2.0] tricyclic interceptors inhibiting multiple SARS-CoV-2 protomers.
A question of pattern recognition: investigating the impact of structure variation on students’ proficiency in deciding about resonance stabilization
Authors: Braun Irina , Lewis Scott E. , Graulich Nicole
Published: August 2024

The ability to reason with representations is pivotal for successful learning in Organic Chemistry and is closely linked to representational competence. Given the visual nature of this discipline, this comprises competency in extracting and processing relevant visual information. With regard to the resonance concept, proficiency in identifying whether electron delocalization applies in a molecule is an essential prerequisite to using this concept in problem-solving. However, prior research shows that students struggle to recognize whether molecules profit from electron delocalization, and seldom use this concept in problem-solving. As it remains unclear how the variation of structural features affects students’ consideration of resonance, this quantitative study seeks to identify characteristics regarding students’ perception of electron delocalization. To this end, undergraduate students enrolled in an Organic Chemistry I course (N = 699) completed an online survey in which they had to decide on resonance stabilization for molecular structures with varying structural features. K-means cluster analysis was performed to explore patterns in students’ proficiency in discerning resonance stabilization and how they relate to other performance variables (e.g., time-on-task). The results suggest pattern recognition approaches with students’ attention being guided by singular structural features or structures’ visual similarity to familiar patterns (i.e., allylic carbocations), with less attention to implicit features.
Integrated “all-in-one” strategy to construct highly efficient Pd catalyst for CO2 transformation
Authors: Kong Lingfang , Tao Zekun , Li Yunjia , Gong Huiwen , Bai Yun , Li Longbin , Zhang Xianjin , Zhou Zhonggao , Chen Yiwang
Published: August 2024

The designed AIO catalyst, uniquely featuring co-coordination with AcGlu and bis(benzimidazolium) units at the Pd center. The structure promotes the formation of NHC-CO2 and AcGlu-CO2 with a TOF of 3456 h−1 in reaction of CO2 and propargylic amine.
Cr-doped CoFe2O4 nanorod array modified by oxygen vacancy-rich cerium oxide as an efficient bifunctional total water splitting catalyst
Authors: Duan Yulin , Guo Zhengang , Zhang Hua-nan , Wang Tingting , Zhang Jifan
Published: August 2024

CeOx-modified CoCryFe2−yO4 nanorod array exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance in alkaline electrolyte.
Sustainable agro-waste pellets as granular slow-release fertilizer carrier systems for ammonium sulfate
Authors: Steiger B. G. K. , Bui N. T. , Babalola B. M. , Wilson L. D.
Published: August 2024

The preparation of ternary biocomposite carriers for ammonium sulfate that contain chitosan, torrefied wheat straw and avian eggshells is described. We demonstrate the promising potential of such carriers as slow-release fertilizer systems.
Fallen leaves to sustainable energy solution: review on hydrogen production
Authors: Tin Kyu Kyu , Taweepreda Wirach , Singh Akanksha , Wagri Naresh Kumar , Kumar Anil
Published: August 2024

The potential of fallen leaves for hydrogen production via steam gasification is underexplored, highlighting sustainability, environmental benefits, and their role in the global shift towards renewable energy for sustainable development.
Trifluoromethyl-substituted asymmetric non-fullerene acceptors enable non-halogenated solvent-processed indoor organic photovoltaics with an efficiency of over 30%
Authors: Gopikrishna Peddaboodi , Saeed Muhammad Ahsan , Hur SungHyun , Lee Gyeong Min , Choi Huijeong , Shim Jae Won , Kim BongSoo
Published: August 2024

Four asymmetric non-fullerene acceptors were synthesized. Additive-free, non-halogen solvent-processed indoor organic photovoltaics achieved efficiencies of 27.1% and 30.2% under 1000 lux LED and fluorescent light, respectively.
Correction: Influence of microstructure evolution on the discharge properties of the Al–Mg–Sn–Ga–In anode for Al–air batteries
Authors: Xu Xuehong , Zhang Jin , Jiang Wei , Deng Yunlai
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘Influence of microstructure evolution on the discharge properties of the Al–Mg–Sn–Ga–In anode for Al–air batteries’ by Xuehong Xu et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 20469–20481, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TA03381G.
iRGD-mediated liposomal nanoplatforms for improving hepatocellular carcinoma targeted combination immunotherapy and monitoring tumor response via IVIM-MRI
Authors: Li Jiamin , Wei Ruili , Yao Wang , Pang Xinrui , Wang Nianhua , Lai Shengsheng , Wei Xinhua , Yuan Youyong , Jiang Xinqing , Yang Ruimeng
Published: August 2024

The co-release of Len and BMS-202 from iRGD-modified liposomes induced a synergistic antitumor immunotherapy, with early therapeutic monitoring by IVIM-MRI.
Diffusion doping of analgesics into UHMWPE for prophylactic pain management
Authors: Inverardi Nicoletta , Lekkala Sashank , Serafim Maria F. , Sekar Amita , Wannomae Keith K. , Micheli Brad , Bedair Hany , Muratoglu Orhun K. , Oral Ebru
Published: August 2024

Diffusion of therapeutics into solid form UHMWPE enabled a therapeutic material with superior mechanical and tribological properties to phase-separated drug-loaded UHMWPEs, which are prepared by mechanical blending.
Connecting dots between nucleotide biosynthesis and DNA lesion repair/bypass in cancer
Authors: Lin Jackson C. , Oludare Ayobami , Jung Hunmin
Published: August 2024

Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides are crucial building blocks for the survival of cells, and there are layers of pathways to make sure a stable supply of them including de novo nucleotide biosynthesis. Fast-growing cells including cancer cells have high demand for nucleotide, and they highly utilize the nucleotide biosynthesis pathways. Due to the nature of the fast-growing cells, they tend to make more errors in replication compared with the normal cells. Naturally, DNA repair and DNA lesion bypass are heavily employed in cancer cells to ensure fidelity and completion of the replication without stalling. There have been a lot of drugs targeting cancer that mimic the chemical structures of the nucleobase, nucleoside, and nucleotides, and the resistance toward those drugs is a serious problem. Herein, we have reviewed some of the representative nucleotide analog anticancer agents such as 5-fluorouracil, specifically their mechanism of action and resistance is discussed. Also, we have chosen several enzymes in nucleotide biosynthesis, DNA repair, and DNA lesion bypass, and we have discussed the known and potential roles of these enzymes in maintaining genomic fidelity and cancer chemotherapy.
Variability and stellar pulsation incidence in Am and Fm stars using TESS and Gaia data
Authors: Dürfeldt-Pedros O. , Antoci V. , Smalley B. , Murphy S. , Posilek N. , Niemczura E.
Published: August 2024

Aims. We aim to study chemically peculiar Am and Fm stars, distinguished by their unique abundance patterns, which are crucial for studying mixing processes in intermediate-mass stars. These stars provide a window into the atomic diffusion in their stellar envelopes, the evolution-dependent changes in mixing, and the resulting effects on pulsation mechanisms.

Methods. This study examines the pulsation characteristics of the Am and Fm star group. Our analysis encompasses 1276 stars (available as catalogues on GitHub), utilising data from TESS and Gaia and focussing on stars from the Renson catalogue.

Results. In our sample, 51% of stars (649) display no variability, and are thus categorised as constant stars. Among those that remain, 25% (318 stars) are pulsating Am, Fm, and ρ Puppis stars, including 20% (261 stars) that are exclusively Am and Fm stars. Additionally, 17% of stars (210) show variability indicative of binarity and/or rotational modulation and 7% (93 stars) are eclipsing binaries. Of the pulsating stars, 10% (32 stars) are γ Doradus type, 54% (172 stars) δ Scuti type, and 36% (114 stars) are hybrids, underlining a diverse pulsational behaviour of Am and Fm stars.

Conclusions. Our findings indicate that pulsating stars predominantly occupy positions near the red edge of the classical instability strip, allowing us to ascertain the incidence of pulsations in this stellar population.
Energetic seed particles in self-consistent particle acceleration modeling at interplanetary shock waves
Authors: Nyberg S. , Vuorinen L. , Afanasiev A. , Trotta D. , Vainio R.
Published: August 2024

Aims. The study investigates the relevance of the seed particle population in the results of particle acceleration in interplanetary shock waves, when wave–particle interactions are treated self-consistently.

Methods. We employed the SOLar Particle Acceleration in Coronal Shocks (SOLPACS) model, which is a proton acceleration simulation in shocks with self-consistent nonlinear wave–particle interactions. We compared a suprathermal monoenergetic injection with a two-component injection, including the suprathermal monoenergetic component and a broad-spectrum energetic component corresponding to the observed background particle spectrum. Energetic particles in the beginning of the simulation could increase the local wave intensities sufficiently to increase the rate of acceleration for injected particles and even reshape the resulting particle energy spectra and spatial distributions. The resulting particle energy spectra, particle spatial distributions, and wave intensity spectra are compared to observations made by Solar Orbiter’s instrument suite of the 2021 October 30 energetic storm particle (ESP) event to evaluate the relevance of the seed particle population in the acceleration model.

Results. The energetic component of the seed particle population shortens the needed acceleration time for particles and enhances the tail of the spectrum to a level that matches the observations. The highest compared energies (> 1 MeV) match only when an energetic component is included in the seed particle population. The wave intensities and spatial distributions, on the other hand, showed no significant differences with the monoenergetic and two-component injection. While the simulated and observed wave intensities match within five minutes before the shock passing, the simulated wave field is too intense farther out from the shock, probably due to a lack of wave damping and/or decay processes in the simulation, leading to particles being slightly overly trapped to regions closer to the shock.
Caractérisation de systèmes oléicoles et viticoles diversifiés dans le sud de la France
Authors: de Lange Rosan , Bernard-Michinov Rémi , Métral Raphael , de Tourdonnet Stéphane , Hossard Laure
Published: August 2024

Les systèmes diversifiés sont associés à plus de résilience et de durabilité, mais sont aujourd’hui mal connus. L’objectif de l’étude est de repérer et de caractériser les systèmes diversifiés alternatifs au modèle dominant en oléiculture et en viticulture, en mobilisant la méthode de la traque aux innovations. Après avoir défini le système dominant (bibliographie, conseillers locaux), les systèmes diversifiés sont identifiés en interrogeant 28 viticulteurs et 18 oléiculteurs les mettant en œuvre. Nous distinguons trois types de diversification : (1) avec des animaux sur des îlots, (2) avec des espèces pérennes essentiellement dans le rang ou sur le rang et (3) avec des espèces annuelles sur l’inter-rang. Certaines associations ne sont possibles qu’en système irrigué (maraîchage). La diversification est principalement mise en œuvre à partir d’une plantation existante. Pour les agriculteurs, les systèmes innovants répondent à des objectifs environnementaux, agronomiques et/ou économiques. Les agriculteurs sont majoritairement satisfaits de leurs systèmes innovants, mais mentionnent des inconvénients spécifiques (ex. : difficulté à la récolte en oléiculture) qui pourraient faire l’objet d’un travail de conception dédié pour adapter les systèmes existants. Un quart des viticulteurs interrogés ont bénéficié d’un accompagnement technique dans la mise en place de leur(s) système(s) innovant(s). Aucun oléiculteur n’a mentionné un tel accompagnement. Tous les agriculteurs ont exprimé ce besoin pour améliorer leurs systèmes et être rassurés dans leurs pratiques. La mise en place d’un réseau d’échange entre agriculteurs serait une première solution. Il est également important de créer des références sur les associations mises en œuvre au sein des parcelles, et de développer les aides financières à la diversification.
A pilot prototype production line for the hot-forming of aluminium alloy sheets with fast contact-cooling and multi-point tooling
Authors: Yang Song , Zhao Jie , Tian Yankang , Qin Yi
Published: August 2024

This paper reports the study of the process chain for sheet metal forming using multi-point tooling for stamping at elevated temperatures and developing a complete production line integrating heating, intermediate fast-cooling, forming and aging. It aims to deliver a high-efficient and cost-effective sheet-metal forming technology with improved process capability and flexibility for the forming of high-strength sheet metal parts. Multi-point tooling sets are employed to test the flexibility of hot/warm-forming the lightweight high-strength metal sheets with fast tooling reconfigurability. The intermediate cooling with high cooling rates was achieved with a contact cooling system recently developed at the University of Strathclyde. With this pilot line, the aluminium sheets heated to the solution heat treatment (SHT) temperature were subjected to the intermediate cooling prior to forming with multi-point tooling. The cooling step is fast and controllable, with different cooling rates tested. The tests conducted on the pilot line demonstrated significant enhancement of the forming limit and manufacturing flexibility.
The route to achieve isotropy in 3D printing parts via Fused Filament Fabrication with Advanced Semicrystalline Thermoplastics
Authors: Rodzen Krzysztof
Published: August 2024

This review investigates the challenges of Additive Manufacturing using commodity, engineering, and advanced materials, both amorphous and semicrystalline. It explains the reasons behind the weaker mechanical performance of semicrystalline materials compared to amorphous polymers used in the 3D printing process. The performance of 3D printing is discussed to demonstrate the current position of additive manufacturing as one of the promising techniques meeting the requirements of the 5.0 Industrial Revolution, particularly in terms of delivering personalized products. The differences between amorphous and semicrystalline materials on a macromolecular level, including the strength of the single bond in the polymer backbone chain and the effect of electron donation to the backbone, are discussed. Interlayer imperfections are classified into several groups: moisture in the feedstock filament, inconsistent filament diameter, shrinkage of the deposited materials, and, most importantly, crystallization kinetics of semicrystalline materials. Finally, insights on how to achieve properties closer to an isotropic body when advanced semicrystalline materials are printed, in order to overcome layer-layer defects, are provided.
Data-Driven Digital Twin Requirements for Additive Layer Manufacturing
Authors: Shehab Essam , Jumassultan Assel , Khoyashov Nurgabyl , Juziyeva Shynar , Jyeniskhan Nursultan , Ali Md Hazrat
Published: August 2024

Digital twin and additive layer manufacturing plays a vital role of the fourth industrial revolution. Digital twin is the ideal solution for data-driven optimisation of additive manufacturing challenges. It is helpful in understating, analysing, and improving 3D printing machining process variables and consequently reducing the number of trial-and-error and component’s non-conformance and shorten product development lead time. Furthermore, the development of genuine digital twin still requires more research efforts to develop a thorough understanding of its concept, data management framework, and development techniques. Therefore, this paper aims to capture important data-driven digital twin requirements for additive layer manufacturing through a systematic approach by identifying the requirements, analysing technologies and processes for digital twin development. The main novelty of this research is applying a holistic approach to build digital twin of additive manufacturing process by capturing the requirements from both literature review and world-class aerospace industrial experts. Overall, the captured requirements will not only serve industries as a basis for implementing digital twin for additive manufacturing and modernize existing data management systems but also opens new research areas in the digital twin domain.
Machine-learning-enhanced femtosecond-laser machining: Towards an efficient and deterministic process control
Authors: Gao Jian , Xie Wenkun , Luo Xichun , Qin Yi
Published: August 2024

Femtosecond laser nanomachining represents a frontier in precision manufacturing, excelling in micro-and nanopatterning across diverse materials. However, its wider adoption is hindered by unintended surface damage or modifications stemming from complex non-linear laser-material interactions. Moreover, traditional effective process optimisation effort to mitigate these issues typically necessitate extensive and time-consuming trial-and-error testing. In this scenario, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful solution to address these challenges. This paper provides an overview of ML’s contributions to making femtosecond laser machining a more deterministic and efficient technique. Leveraging data from laser parameters and both in-situ and ex-situ imaging of processing outcomes, ML techniques—spanning supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning—can significantly enhance process monitoring, process modeling and prediction, parameter optimisation, and autonomous beam path planning. These developments propel femtosecond laser towards an essential tool for micro-and nanomanufacturing, enabling precise control over machining outcomes and deepening our understanding of the laser machining process.
Comparative Analysis of Energy Consumption and Carbon Footprint of Additively Manufactured Solid and Lattice structure Tensile Specimens
Authors: Khan Hashim , Siddiqi Muftooh ur Rehman , Junaid Sarah
Published: August 2024

Manufacturing significantly contributes to global warming due to its substantial carbon emissions. United Nations sustainable development goals support the reduction of carbon emissions in the manufacturing sector, which can be accomplished by making the manufacturing process sustainable with a minimal carbon footprint. This is also appropriate for novel manufacturing processes such as additive manufacturing. This study introduces the investigation of the additively manufactured specimen. Prior research delves into examining the impact on the energy consumption of solid specimens under distinct printing process parameters. Nonetheless, the influence of electrical energy consumption and total carbon footprint for the additively manufactured solid and lattice structure has yet to be investigated. The current study fills the research gap by assessing layer thickness and infill density on both specimens’ electrical energy consumption and total carbon footprint. The presented study offers insight into the impact of layer thickness and infill density for the solid and lattice structure specimens and their comparison of electrical energy consumption and total carbon footprints. The results demonstrated that a rise in an infill density directly correlates with increased energy consumption and carbon footprints. However, rising layer thickness resulted in a reduction in both power consumption and carbon footprints. Furthermore, it was observed that the triangular, octagonal, and hexagonal cellular structures manifest higher power consumption when the infill density is set at 50% and 80%, respectively. Moreover, when assessing a solid specimen at 100% infill density, the total carbon footprint exhibits increases of 12%, 21%, 23%, and 41% in comparison to triangular, octagonal, hexagonal, and square lattice structures, respectively.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Machining of Steel Molds used for Aluminum Casting in Wheel Industry
Authors: Akbaşak Sancar , Alioğulları Tarkan , Karaş Büşra , Tetik Halil
Published: August 2024

The wheel industry, employing low-pressure casting techniques for producing lightweight alloy wheels, operates within a highly competitive manufacturing environment with significant production volumes. To fabricate essential mold core components for the aluminum wheel casting process, hot work tool steel alloys are selected for their exceptional durability and resistance to wear, fatigue, distortion, and high-temperature plastic deformation. Efficient machining operations for these steel molds require identifying optimal parameter combinations to minimize tool wear, surface roughness, and energy consumption while maximizing material removal rates. This study focuses on determining such parameters, utilizing DIN 1.2367 steel, to enhance manufacturing efficiency and meet industry requirements. The effects of machining parameters such as cutting speed, depth of cut, and number of inserts were investigated using the design of experiments. Depth of cut was determined as the most influential factor on tool wear, revealing the optimum parameter as 0.4 mm, followed by cutting speed. Notably, the number of inserts exhibits minimal direct impact but interacts significantly with the depth of cut, influencing wear patterns. This research contributes to sustainable machining practices by enhancing mold core manufacturing efficiency, prolonging tool life, and reducing tool wear. Such advancements are vital for the long-term competitiveness and environmental stewardship of the wheel industry.
Electro-mechanical performance of double-flushed riveted joints
Authors: Sampaio Rui F.V. , Pragana João P.M. , Bragança Ivo M.F. , Reis Luis , Silva Carlos M.A. , Martins Paulo A.F.
Published: August 2024

This paper revisits double-flush riveting to compare the static and fatigue performance of the resulting joints with those fabricated by conventional bolting. Experimental measurements of electrical resistance, combined with finite element analysis of electric current flow, serve a dual structural and electrical purpose of validating the number of cycles after which the loss of contact between the overlapping sheets becomes significant, and evaluating the relative performance of both types of joints in electric energy distribution systems built upon aluminum strips. The first of these purposes is a novelty in fatigue testing while the second paves the way for improving the efficiency of electric power grids.
Designing the journey for inclusivity and accessibility in virtual manufacturing environments: An exploration through empathy
Authors: Grech Amy , Howie Scott , Munawar Syed Awais , Wodehouse Andrew , Brisco Ross
Published: August 2024

With one in four EU adults having disabilities and only half employed full-time, there is a need for enhanced workforce inclusion and accessibility. Despite Industry 4.0’s technological advancements, gaps in adoption persist for individuals with disabilities, hindering potential engagement within manufacturing. Leveraging Virtual Reality (VR)’s immersive qualities, empathic design principles were applied to empathise with individuals living with cognitive impairment in the context of digital manufacturing assembly processes. Exploring empathy’s role in enhancing inclusivity and accessibility, a qualitative study was conducted with manufacturing professionals and individuals with cognitive conditions, bridging the gap between current and future employees with diverse cognitive abilities. The findings, which are visualised through a novel user journey map, showcase VR’s potential as a tool for inclusive design by determining interaction modes that augment workforce diversity in manufacturing.
Flexible delivery by an autonomous robot in a secure building
Authors: Sarhan Ahmed , Sarrazin Antoine , Martin Lancelot , Gao James
Published: August 2024

In industrial settings, autonomous robotic systems have become more common. Companies use autonomous robots to optimise repetitive, time-consuming tasks and improve efficiency. Strategically integrating robots frees up human resources from manual tasks to boost workplace efficiency and productivity. As they pursue Industry 4.0 goals, companies need autonomous robots to meet strict security standards. This depends on preserving confidentiality regarding sensitive information and protecting personnel health and safety. The mobile robot in this experiment aimed to simplify the transportation of standard load carriers, such as plastic boxes used in Kanban storage racks. A controlled lab environment was needed to recreate the robot’s working environment. To streamline delivery, an innovative optical camera and depth vision were added. With this technology configuration, the robot could perform tasks independently. Limiting data retrieval helped the depth camera distinguish conventional boxes. The main project achievement was proving that an autonomous guided vehicle could transport plastic boxes while protecting company data. This method replaced manual part retrieval from secure locations, improving operational efficiency and reinforcing data security.
Validation of a digital twin: Part distortion in heat treatment
Authors: Jayasinghe Sarini , Hilton Kareema , Mehnen Jörn
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a study on multi-process manufacturing optimisation, employing a sophisticated data analytic model based on Gaussian Processes. Through strategically designed aluminium trials and rigorous model evaluation using leave-one-out cross-validation, the efficacy of the model in identifying optimal parameters is demonstrated. An interactive dashboard, powered by the Anaconda Panel(c) library, enables real-time insights into the impact of varying parameters on outcomes. Experimental validation showcases the model’s ability to reduce distortions yet highlights the dynamic nature of manufacturing processes. The iterative refinement of optimal parameters based on real-world observations underscores the adaptability of the model. This study emphasises the importance of combining advanced data analytics with practical experimentation for enhanced precision in modern manufacturing, paving the way for further advancements in the field. Real-world validation of predicted optimal parameters reveals unexpected distortions, highlighting the dynamic nature of manufacturing processes and the necessity for continuous refinement. Further analysis uncovers a discrepancy in distortion outcomes, emphasising the need for vigilant investigation and iterative refinement. By incorporating the latest experimental findings, the data analytic model has generated updated optimal parameters, effectively minimising part distortion. This study underscores the significance of data-driven decision-making and the continuous integration of new experimental results in the pursuit of optimal manufacturing parameters, paving the way for further advancements in manufacturing optimisation.
A digital twin-driven ultra-precision machining system
Authors: Walker Charlie , Puthanveettil Madathil Abhilash , Luo Xichun , Madarkar Rajeshkumar , Liu Qi
Published: August 2024

The demand for ultra-precision machining has expanded significantly across industries such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, and medical sectors. These industries require parts manufactured to micrometre tolerances in a timely and cost-effective manner. To address these demands, efforts have been focused on developing digital twin technology for ultra-precision machining, aimed at improving production accuracy and efficiency. One of the primary challenges in ultra-precision machining is time-consuming setup due to manual workpiece handling. Additionally, machining speeds are limited to mitigate dynamic errors, further prolonging production times. This paper proposes a digital twin system designed to automate workpiece handling and correct dynamic errors in real time to tackle these challenges. The proposed digital twin comprises two systems: one for controlling a collaborative robot arm (COBOT) to automate workpiece handling with corrective action, eliminating the need for manual loading and unloading; and another for controlling a hybrid mill to mitigate dynamic errors through real-time machine learning-based prediction of elastic deformation allowing for higher machining speeds. In this paper, the current progress is discussed, and a methodology for validating this digital twin system is proposed. The proposed validation process will involve machining microfluidic devices using the digital twin system, compared to conventional machining methods to assess the effectiveness.
Zystektomie
Authors: Rosenbrock Rhonda , Wimmer Sara , Huseynov Gabil
Published: August 2024

Im Jahr 2020 erkrankten etwa 17 100 Personen in Deutschland an einem invasiven Blasenkarzinom, weitere 13 680 erkranktem an einem nichtinvasiven Tumor der Blase 1. Das Standardverfahren bei einem invasiven Blasentumor ist die radikale Zystektomie. Bei diesem komplexen Eingriff gibt es je nach Geschlecht des Patienten und empfohlener Harnableitung unterschiedliche Verfahren. Da Männer wesentlich häufiger erkranken als Frauen, liegt der Fokus dieses OP-Ablaufs auf der radikalen Zystektomie des Mannes mit anschließender Anlage eines Ileum-Conduits zur Harnableitung.
Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit der Therapie der rheumatoiden Arthritis im
Alter: Was sagen Register- und Routinedaten?
Authors: Strangfeld Anja , Zink Angela
Published: August 2024

Ältere Menschen werden aufgrund von chronischen Erkrankungen, den notwendigen
medikamentösen Therapien oder allein wegen ihres Alters oftmals aus
randomisierten klinischen Studien ausgeschlossen. Wenn neue Arzneimittel
zugelassen werden, wissen wir daher wenig über ihre Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit
im Alter. Diese Lücke können Beobachtungsdaten aus der klinischen Praxis
schließen. Register und Beobachtungsstudien zeigen, dass ältere Menschen mit
rheumatoider Arthritis (RA) zurückhaltender behandelt werden als jüngere. Dies
kann dazu führen, dass die Kontrolle der Krankheitsaktivität der RA weniger gut
gelingt und vermeidbare Risiken, z. B. durch Glukokortikoide, entstehen. In
Bezug auf die Wirksamkeit zielgerichteter Therapien wurden in
Beobachtungsstudien meist keine relevanten Unterschiede zwischen jüngeren und
älteren Patient:innen festgestellt. Auch die Kontinuität der b/tsDMARD-Therapie
ist bei älteren und jüngeren Patient:innen vergleichbar. Bei der Bewertung der
Therapiesicherheit ist zu berücksichtigen, dass bei älteren Patient:innen
vermehrt unerwünschte Ereignisse auftreten, die nur teilweise den Therapien
zugerechnet werden können. Die großen Beobachtungsregister ermöglichen es,
Gruppen von Älteren unter verschiedenen Expositionen zu vergleichen. Dieser
Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über die Häufigkeiten schwerwiegender Ereignisse im
Alter, insbesondere die Risiken von Infektionen, Malignomen, gastrointestinalen
Perforationen und kardiovaskulären Ereignissen.
Diabetes-Technologie und Digitalisierung in der stationären Diabetologie
Authors: Tan Susanne , Heinemann Lutz , Kordonouri Olga , Lobmann Ralf , Menzen Markus , Raile Klemens , Werner Thomas , Kulzer Bernhard
Published: August 2024

In Deutschland sind 304 stationäre Einrichtungen (inkl. 74 Pädiatrien) auf die Versorgung von Menschen mit Diabetes spezialisiert. Die Mehrheit der Diabetolog:innen DDG (2521/4267, 59 %) ist im Krankenhaus tätig [ 1]. Die stationäre Diabetologie steht vor vielfältigen Herausforderungen: schwierige finanzielle Rahmenbedingungen, ein unzureichendes Bewusstsein für die Relevanz von Diabetes auf die Gesundheit der Patient:innen im stationären Setting, inkonsequente Diabetestherapie, prozessuale Hindernisse und eine abnehmende Anzahl an ausbildenden Kliniken. Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung und Verfügbarkeit neuer Diabetestechnologien eröffnet ein neues Feld an Herausforderungen und bietet jedoch gleichzeitig die Chance, Diabetesmanagement im Krankenhaus neu zu gestalten und die alten Probleme mit neuen Mitteln zu lösen. Ziel dieses Positionspapiers ist es, die komplexe Situation, die Vielfalt offener Themen und die besonderen Chancen der Diabetestechnologie zu umreißen und so eine Diskussion für eine Plattform für Diabetolog:innen des stationären Sektors und eine holistische Strategie des digitalisierten Diabetesmangements zur Optimierung und Sicherung der stationären Diabetesversorgung anzuregen.
Ethik der künstlichen Intelligenz in der Medizin
Authors: Maio Giovanni
Published: August 2024

Die Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) hält zunehmend Einzug in die Medizin – noch ist es nicht absehbar, wie sie die Praxis der Medizin und auch das Selbstverständnis der Ärztinnen und Ärzte verändern wird. Dieser Beitrag erarbeitet die ethischen Grenzen der KI und erörtert, warum KI zwar die ärztliche Beurteilung unterstützen kann, eine gute Medizin aber unabdingbar auf die menschliche Entscheidungshoheit angewiesen ist.
Psidium Exotic and Native Species from Brazil Abolish Depression-like Behavior and Oxidative Stress induced by Corticosterone in Mice
Authors: Zeni Ana Lúcia Bertarello , Dalmagro Ana Paula , Junges Lucas Henrique , Cavichioli Natália , Sasse Otto Rodolfo
Published: August 2024

Depression is a highly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder worldwide. One currently accepted hypothesis of this pathogenesis is the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysfunction, which involves oxidative stress and brain damage. Therefore, antioxidants, such as phenolic compounds, could be used in depression. In this study, we investigated the antidepressant-like and antioxidant effects of an aqueous extract of the leaves of three species of the genus Psidium, Myrtaceae family, in mice. The exotic Psidium guajava L. and the natives Psidium guineense Sw. and Psidium cattleianum Sabine (10, 1, and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively) and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) were administered orally (p. o.) once daily for 21 days, with or without corticosterone (20 mg/kg). After behavioral assessments (tail suspension, splash, and open-field tests), the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, liver, kidneys, and plasma were examined to determine the oxidative stress status. The
three extracts and fluoxetine treatment decreased the immobility time and counteracted the oxidative stress induced by corticosterone administration. The phenolic compounds identified as major components of the extracts, quercetin in P. guajava and P. guineense and o-coumaric acid in P. cattleianum, may be involved in the biological activities. Therefore, the aqueous leaf extracts of P. guajava, P. cattleianum, and P. guineense could be potential antidepressants helpful in treating depression and other diseases with elevated nitro-oxidative stress.
Adenoma Detection Rate after Positive Stool-Based Screening in a U.S. Population
Authors: Delungahawatta Thilini , Hum Richard , Woo Stephanie M. , Loughney Thomas , Jennings Joseph
Published: August 2024

Introduction and Objectives Over the past two decades, advancements in screening programs have led to a decrease in the incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer. The recommended benchmark for primary screening colonoscopy adenoma detection rate (ADR) is 25%. However, recent research supports higher ADR benchmarks following positive stool testing. Findings from a Dutch screening program have suggested higher ADRs in fecal immunochemical test positive patients with an inverse relationship with interval cancer development. Our study aims to assess ADRs in a U.S. patient population with positive stool screenings and investigate any correlation to occurrences of interval cancers.

Materials and Methods Data from all positive stool-based screening participants who subsequently underwent colonoscopy at a tertiary care center between 2017 and 2021 were collected. A retrospective chart review was performed to determine the ADR and interval colon cancers.

Results From a total of 120 patients (32 fecal occult blood test [FOBT] positive patients, 43 fecal immunochemical test [FIT] positive patients, 45 FIT-DNA-positive patients), the average ADR was 35%. Nonadvanced polyps were the most identified adenomas at 78.6%. No interval colorectal cancer cases were identified. There was a clear difference in ADR between stool-testing methods, with FIT-DNA showing higher ADRs than FIT and FOBT.

Conclusion Endoscopists should recognize the importance of higher ADR targets in colonoscopies conducted after positive stool-based screening as a means to maintain high-quality colonoscopy standards.
On the positive economic impacts of port infrastructure development and seaborne trade efficiencies in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Senegal
Authors: Sahoo Amarendra , Nechifor Victor , Ferrari Emanuele , Ferreira Valeria , Amany Damit Serge Didier
Published: August 2024

Inefficient port infrastructures is one of the challenges facing Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly as regards the West African region’s economic progress. Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model, the paper examines how improving port infrastructure in Senegal can increase the potential of seaborne trade, and accelerate economic and social development in the country and the wider region. Despite Senegal's strategic location along the Trans-Saharan trade route in West Africa, infrastructural limitations pose challenges to port capacity. Our findings suggest that improving port infrastructure can increase port productivity, leading to a reduction in costs of imported food products and domestic inputs. As a result, the country's competitiveness in international markets would be enhanced and could stimulate the production of cash crops, industrial food, and chemical products. This would lead to increased food supply and improved purchasing power, supporting the country's food security. Results show that increased efficiencies in maritime exports and imports lead to an overall increase in economic activity, resulting in significant GDP growth, improved welfare, and a reduction in poverty incidence. This growth can be attributed to higher exports and greater availability of imported intermediate inputs at lower prices, making exports more competitive in the global market as export prices decrease.
Numerical simulations to determine the size of microdroplets without visualization by measuring pressure fluctuations
Authors: Khan Babajan Bakthar , Thamida Sunil Kumar , Vir Anil B.
Published: August 2024

A novel pressure-fluctuation-based method is proposed for measuring the size of microdroplets without the need for visualization through a microscope. In the present work, numerical simulations are carried out in a co-flow geometry to verify this concept. First, the droplet formation frequency is determined by applying the fast Fourier transform to measured pressure fluctuation data with respect to time at any point on the outer wall. Then, the size of dispersed phase microdroplets is determined using a relationship between dispersed-phase flow rate and the droplet formation frequency. The droplet size obtained using the pressure fluctuation method is compared with that from the volume fraction method, and it is found that the error is less than 5%. The deviation is attributed to the formation of satellite droplets in the simulations. The relationship between the nondimensional parameters flow-rate ratio, capillary number, and normalized droplet diameter is investigated systematically, and empirical relations are obtained through power-law regression. The effects of interfacial tension, flow-rate ratio, and viscosity ratio on the magnitude of pressure oscillations and the corresponding droplet size are studied. All the parameters are found to have significant effects on droplet size. The ability of the proposed method to predict microdroplet size is significant with regard to potential applications to biomedical systems and drug delivery.
Exploring the possibility of a complex-valued non-Gaussianity measure for quantum states of light
Authors: Pizzimenti Andrew J. , Dhara Prajit , Van Herstraeten Zacharie , Cheng Sijie , Gagatsos Christos N.
Published: August 2024

We consider a quantity that is the differential relative entropy between a generic Wigner function and a Gaussian one. We prove that said quantity is minimized with respect to its Gaussian argument, if both Wigner functions in the argument of the Wigner differential entropy have the same first and second moments, i.e., if the Gaussian argument is the Gaussian associate of the other, generic Wigner function. Therefore, we introduce the differential relative entropy between any Wigner function and its Gaussian associate and we examine its potential as a non-Gaussianity measure. The proposed, phase-space based non-Gaussianity measure is complex-valued, with its imaginary part possessing the physical meaning of the Wigner function’s negative volume. At the same time, the real part of this measure provides an extra layer of information, rendering the complex-valued quantity a measure of non-Gaussianity, instead of a quantity pertaining only to the negativity of the Wigner function. We prove that the measure (both the real and imaginary parts) is faithful, invariant under Gaussian unitary operations, and find a sufficient condition on its monotonic behavior under Gaussian channels. We provide numerical results supporting the aforesaid condition. In addition, we examine the measure’s usefulness to non-Gaussian quantum state engineering with partial measurements.
Synthesis and stability studies of constrained peptide–antimony bicycles
Authors: Ullrich Sven , Ghosh Pritha , Shang Minghao , Siryer Sauhta , Kumaresan Santhanalaxmi , Panda Bishvanwesha , Davies Lani J. , Somathilake Upamali , Patel Abhishek P. , Nitsche Christoph
Published: August 2024

Peptide therapeutics play an increasingly important role in modern drug discovery. Improving the pharmacokinetic profile of bioactive peptides has been effectively achieved with chemical modifications, especially macrocyclisation reactions. Consequently, there is a great demand for highly constrained compounds such as bicyclic peptides. In our previous research, we introduced peptide–bismuth bicycles and peptide–arsenic bicycles as new classes of constrained peptides. In this work, we extend our peptide bicyclisation strategy towards antimony. Similar to arsenic and bismuth, antimony(III) selectively binds to three cysteine residues in peptides, enabling the in situ formation of stable bicycles. The bicyclisation reaction occurs instantaneously under biocompatible conditions at physiological pH. Antimony–peptide bicycles remain largely intact in the presence of the common metal chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and the main endogenous thiol competitor glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, when challenged with bismuth(III) from water-soluble gastrodenol (bismuth tripotassium dicitrate), antimony–peptide bicycles convert into the corresponding bismuth–peptide bicycle, highlighting the superior thiophilicity of bismuth over other pnictogens. Our study further expands the toolbox of peptide multicyclisation with main group elements previously underexplored in chemical biology.
Testing and capturing difficult-to-access populations for syphilis control in Australia
Authors: Aung Ei T. , Chow Eric P. F.
Published: August 2024

Syphilis has significantly increased in the past decade in Australia, particularly among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in urban areas, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in regional and remote areas. Additionally, there has been a rise in cases among heterosexual men and women, including pregnant women, leading to a re-emergence of congenital syphilis. This resurgence underscores the ongoing need for effective public health interventions and innovative screening and detection methods. This article explores the epidemiology, screening and detection methods for syphilis, particularly focusing on difficult-to-access populations. Current screening strategies, including serology and molecular assays and recent changes in antenatal screening guidelines to prevent congenital syphilis are discussed. The article highlights the need for innovative, patient-centred detection methods and tailored interventions. New early detection methods, such as improved rapid diagnostic tests and digital health solutions, are discussed for their potential to increase screening uptake and early diagnosis. The findings underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in syphilis control, combining universal and targeted interventions to effectively reduce transmission and improve public health outcomes.