bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Discharges Against Medical Advice: A Review of Cases in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Authors: Babatola Adefunke Olarinre , Olatunya Oladele Simeon , Ogundare Ezra Olatunde , Ajibola Ayotunde Emmanuel , Ojo Temitope Olumuyiwa , Oluwayemi Isaac Oludare , Ajite Adebukola Bidemi , Adeniyi Adewuyi Temidayo , Komolafe Akinwumi Kolawole , Fadare Joseph Olusesan , Oyelami Oyeku Akibu
Published: August 2021

Background: Knowledge of the profile of pediatric discharge against medical advice (DAMA) may help design interventions to reduce its prevalence. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the profile of pediatric DAMA at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH), Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study included all pediatric cases of DAMA from January 2012 to December 2018. Relevant information was extracted from the patients’ case notes. Data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: The overall prevalence of pediatric DAMA was 3.8%. Of the 233 pediatric DAMA with complete information, 127 (54.5%) were males. Severe malaria (27.3%) was the most common diagnosis among DAMA cases at the children emergency ward (CEW), while severe perinatal asphyxia (25.0%) and neonatal sepsis (25.0%) were the most common at the special care baby unit (SCBU). Only 1 (0.4%) patient was enrolled in the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). Moreover, 43 (18.5%) parents took DAMA due to financial constraints, and 55% of the patients had their DAMA form signed by their fathers. In addition, among the patients who referred for follow-up, 11 (4.7%) patients fully recovered, 2 (0.8%) recovered with disability, 1 (0.4%) was readmitted, and 1 (0.4%) died. The highest and lowest DAMA rates were in the months of May and December, respectively. Patients aged under five years old who took DAMA significantly had infectious diseases compared to older age groups (P
Social Disparities in Post-diagnosis Health Behaviors of Iranian Breast Cancer Survivors: The Mediating Role of Psychosocial Factors as Potential Buffering Agents
Authors: Tavakol Mohammad , Tayari Ashtiani Reza , Koosheshi Majid , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Khayamzadeh Maryam
Published: August 2021

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is surging as a public health issue in Iran and engagement in positive health behaviors improves the odds of survival and reduces the risk of concomitant comorbidities in BC survivors. Objectives: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of socioeconomic inequalities on leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and fruit and vegetable (F & V) consumption among Iranian BC survivors. Another objective of this study was to examine the role of psychosocial factors, such as stress, self-efficacy, and social support as mediators between socioeconomic status (SES) and these health behaviors. Few studies have investigated social disparities in the health behaviors of cancer survivors. Likewise, the mediating role of psychosocial factors in the SES-health behavior gradient has rarely been explored in the cancer context. Psychosocial factors might have positive implications for socioeconomically disadvantaged survivors. Methods: Cross-sectional data were obtained from 196 patients with BC by a telephone-administrated questionnaire. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2013 was partially employed to measure exercise and F & V consumption. Cross-sectional analyses (correlation and logistic regression) were conducted to assess the relationship between SES, psychosocial factors, and health behaviors (P < 0.05). Results: Regarding LTPA and F & V consumption, more than half of the survivors complied with the recommended levels, consecutively. Both education and family income exhibited a positive association with LTPA and F & V consumption. Furthermore, self-efficacy and social support showed a positive relationship with LTPA and F & V consumption. Conclusions: The SES impacted health behaviors directly and via intermediary psychosocial factors. The results can inform future studies and interventions; psychosocial factors could buffer the effects of social inequalities on health behaviors. A key policy priority should, therefore, be planning and implementing psychosocial empowerment interventions to promote exercise and a healthy diet among impoverished cancer survivors.
Successful Chemotherapy of an Acute Myeloid Leukemia Case Infected with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Vakili Sadeghi Mohsen , Firozjahi Alireza , Bayani Masoumeh , Hasanpour Amir Hossein
Published: August 2021

Introduction: New coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. There is not enough data for managing acute myeloid leukemia patients with concomitant infection with SARS-COV-2. This is a report of a unique case with acute leukemia and SARS-CoV-2 infection that recovered from both. Case Presentation: a 44-year man was admitted with fever and sweating. He was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Pancytopenia was detected and a bone marrow biopsy revealed acute leukemia. During his management, the patient developed a dry cough. He was transferred to our center for chemotherapy. Chest CT scan revealed bilateral peripheral patchy ground-glass infiltrations, indicating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Two weeks later, after antiviral and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, he developed severe dyspnea and became bedridden. Modified chemotherapy was started. He rapidly recovered, and his leukemia developed complete remission. Conclusions: We presented a successful chemotherapy of an acute leukemia patient that was simultaneously infected with COVID-19. Chemotherapy should be done for acute leukemia judiciously without delay in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Investigation of the Relationship Between the Degree of Peritumoral Brain Edema and Pathological Features of Glioma Before Surgery
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Xiao Xinlan
Published: August 2021

Background: Gliomas are the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Preoperative prediction of the malignancy grade of gliomas are of particular importance. These tumors are often accompanied by peritumoral brain edema (PTBE). Previous studies have suggested that the degree of PTBE is an independent indicator of the prognosis of gliomas. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between the degree of PTBE and the grade of glioma, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation status, and Ki-67 expression level in gliomas. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, a total of 82 patients were enrolled, according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors. Overall, 29 tumors were pathologically confirmed as low-grade gliomas (LGGs , grade I-II), whereas the remaining 53 tumors were classified as high-grade gliomas (HGGs, grade III-IV). The IDH1 mutations, Ki-67 expression, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were retrospectively analyzed. The tumor and tumor + PTBE volumes were also measured, and the tumor edema index (EI) was calculated for each patient. Edema was then graded and correlated with the pathological parameters. Results: The degree of EI was higher in the HGG group compared to the LGG group, and the difference was statistically significant (z = -7.018, P < 0.05). Besides, the degree of EI was higher in the IDH1 wild-type compared with mutant groups (z = -4.116, P < 0.05). The degree of EI significantly associated with Ki-67 expression and patient’s age (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant association between the degree of EI and gender (z = -0.497, P = 0.619). The Spearman’s correlation test revealed that the EI degree was positively correlated with the Ki-67 expression level and age, with correlation coefficients of 0.740 and 0.466, respectively. Moreover, the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that EI and IDH1 had significant effects on differentiating LGGs from HGGs (P < 0.05 for both). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that EI was an optimal index for differentiating LGGs from HGGs, with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.822 (cutoff value: 1.722, sensitivity: 95.8%, specificity: 70.0%, 95% CI: 0.718 - 0.899). Conclusion: The degree of PTBE was found to be a valuable index for the differential diagnosis of LGGs from HGGs. It has a significant difference between IDH1 wild and mutation status, furthermore, it was positively correlated with the age and Ki-67 level.
Tumor Size Measurements with Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Elderly Breast Cancer Patients: A Comparison of Breast MRI with Mammography and Ultrasound
Authors: An Jin Kyung , Woo Jeong Joo , Lee Ji Ye , Lee Bora
Published: August 2021

Background: With a rapid increase in the aging population around the world, there has been a surge in the number of elderly breast cancer patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used in preoperative assessments for elderly patients. However, there has been no consensus on the accuracy of tumor size measurements by MRI. Objectives: To compare the accuracy of MRI versus conventional imaging methods, namely, mammography (MG) and ultrasound (US), in tumor size measurements in elderly patients and to determine the predictors of measurement accuracy. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 134 patients, aged 50 years or above (137 breasts with invasive cancer). The tumor size and T stage were assessed using MG, US, and MRI, and the results were compared with pathological findings. The tumor size differences between the imaging and pathological findings were classified as ≤ 0.5 cm or > 0.5 cm. Differences in tumor size and T stage were analyzed based on age group (≥ 60 years vs. < 60 years), using chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and Cohen’s kappa coefficient. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were also measured. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the predictors that influenced tumor size differences. Results: Tumor size differences ≤ 0.5 cm, T-stage agreement, and diagnostic performance for T stages ≥ 2 were higher in the elderly group compared to the younger group on MRI. The T-stage agreement with the histopathological results was higher on MRI compared to conventional imaging methods. For diagnosis of T stages ≥ 2, MRI showed the highest sensitivity, while US showed the highest specificity. The calcification type, dense breasts, and histological grade 3 were predictors of tumor size differences > 0.5 cm. Conclusion: The accuracy of tumor size measurements on MRI was higher in elderly patients aged ≥ 60 years. The diagnostic accuracy further increased in elderly patients with non-dense breasts and mass-type lesions. In T-stage analysis, MRI showed the highest sensitivity, while US showed the highest specificity.
COVID-19 in Continental America
Authors: Moradi Leila
Published: August 2021

Background: In late December 2019, a coronavirus outbreak first occurred in Wuhan, China, and then spread worldwide, which became a major global emergency. This severe respiratory illness called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is transmitted through respiratory droplets and contaminated surfaces. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of COVID-19 in continental America. Methods: This study was an ecological study describing the epidemiological features of COVID-19 in the Americas. The data of identified definitive cases and deaths from this disease and other information were extracted from the reports of the World Health Organization and transferred to SPSS software (version 24). Furthermore, the case fatality rate was separately calculated for each country. Results: The highest number of COVID-19 reported cases and the highest COVID-19 mortality rate were in the United States, with 72,186,963 and 1,896,955 cases, respectively. Moreover, the highest case fatality rate was reported as 9.38% in Peru. Conclusions: The prevention of COVID-19 transmission in countries is possible with general vaccination and observation of social distancing. These measures reduce the transmission of COVID-19 and are effective ways to control this global health problem.
Changes in a Hospital’s Costs and Revenues Before and After COVID-19: A Case Study of an Iranian Hospital
Authors: Kazempour-Dizaji Mehdi , Sheikhan Fateme , Varahram Mohammad , Rouzbahani Rahim , Yousef Vand Mani , Khosravi Bahman , Tabarsi Payam , Abedini Atefeh , Velayati Aliakbar
Published: August 2021

Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a severe shock to the world economy and, consequently, healthcare systems. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate changes in costs and revenues of an Iranian hospital before and after the COVID-19 pandemic to answer the following question: "How can hospital costs and revenues change during the COVID-19 pandemic?" Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted retrospectively at the Masih Daneshvari Hospital in 2020. Accounting software available at the hospital (Azarakhsh for salary costs and PMQ for medical equipment costs) was used to collect cost information. Also, the hospital information system software was used to collect revenue information. The 2019 financial year was considered the base year, and the period February-August 2020 was considered the COVID-19 outbreak period. The data were entered into Excel software and analyzed using descrip¬tive statistics methods. Results: Before the COVID-19 outbreak, the Masih Daneshvari Hospital was facing many cost problems, and the new crisis added to the severity of the problems. In total, the hospital's revenue declined by 9%, and its costs increased by 70%. Therefore, in the fiscal year ending in March 2020, the hospital balance was reported to be $-607,143 (-68,000 million Iranian Rial). Conclusions: The soaring healthcare expenditures revealed that the hospital was not ready to deal with the disease. As the COVID-19 outbreak grows rapidly in Iran, there is a pressing need to increase medical capacities and inpatient beds to treat infected patients. Hospitals in the country face financial problems and should be supported by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education.
Evaluating the Effects of Aloe vera Gel on Cerebellum Histomorphometrical Changes in Diabetic Male Rats
Authors: Khaksary Mahabady Mahmood , Erfani Majd Naeem , Bahrami Tapehbour Mohammad , Mazaheri Yazdan
Published: August 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus can lead to histomorphometrical changes in the brain. Recent studies have shown that Aloe vera gel has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects, which is independent of glucose-lowering effects. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of A. vera gel on histomorphometrical changes of cerebellum following streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male rats. Methods: A total of 25 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups as follows: (1) the control group received normal saline; (2) A. vera gel group; (3) diabetic group; (4) treatment group diabetic rats, which received A. vera; and (5) diabetic rats which received insulin. A single dose of STZ [60 mg/kg; intraperitoneal (IP)] was used for the induction of diabetes in rats. All the treatments were administered daily for eight weeks. Subsequently, histomorphometrical changes were evaluated in the cerebellum of the rats. Results: The results showed that the number of granular and purkinje cells reduced in the cerebellum granulosa region, while the number of glial cells increased in the molecular region of the cerebellum in diabetic rats compared to the control group (P < 0.05). These changes were improved in treated rats by insulin or A. vera. Also, the thickness of molecular, purkinje, granular, and white matter layers at the apex of lobules and depth of sulcus in the diabetic group had a significant reduction compared to other groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results confirmed that improvement of the cerebellar tissue changes in diabetic rats following the use of A. vera gel is comparable to insulin. However, more investigations are required to determine the protective effects of A. vera gel against diabetes-induced cerebellum histomorphometrical changes.
Putting I-Thoughts to Work
Authors: Echeverri Santiago ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: August 2021

A traditional view holds that the self-concept is essentially indexical. In a highly influential article, Ruth Millikan famously held that the self-concept should be understood as a Millian name with a sui generis functional role. This article presents a novel explanatory argument against the Millian view and in favor of the indexical view. The argument starts from a characterization of the self-concept as a device of information integration. It then shows that the indexical view yields a better explanation of the integration function than the Millian view. The resulting account can rebut Millikan’s objections and it has broader implications for the debate on the essential indexical.
Generic Animalism
Authors: Bailey Andrew M. , van Elswyk Peter ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: August 2021

The animalist says we are animals. This thesis is commonly understood as the universal generalization that all human persons are human animals. This article proposes an alternative: the thesis is a generic that admits of exceptions. We defend the resulting view, which we call ‘generic animalism’, and show its aptitude for diagnosing the limits of eight case-based objections to animalism.
Propositionalism
Authors: Paseau A. C. ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: August 2021

Propositionalism is the claim that all logical relations can be captured by propositional logic. It is usually regarded as obviously false, because propositional logic seems too weak to capture the rich logical structure of language. I show that there is a clear sense in which propositional logic can match first-order logic, by producing formalizations that (i) are valid iff their first-order counterparts are, and (ii) also respect grammatical form as the propositionalist construes it. I explain the real reason propositionalism fails, which is more subtle and more interesting.
Aristoteles’te İyi Yaşam, Kendine Yeterlilik ve Kölelik
Authors: Yazici Çiğdem ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: August 2021

Aristoteles’in iyi yaşam felsefesi onun siyaset felsefesinde önemli bir yere sahipken, kölelik anlayışıyla çok ilişkili olarak incelenmez. Oysa kölelik anlayışının yakından incelenmesi, onun iyi yaşamı mümkün kılacak bir siyasi yapı olarak kent-devlet teorisinde kilit rol oynadığını gösterir. Politika’da en iyi yaşam olarak gördüğü teorik yaşamı mümkün kılabilmek için kurumsal olarak köleliği adil gösteren bir savunma geliştirir. Bu savunmada kullandığı gerekçelerin odak noktası “kendine yeterliliktir”. Buna göre hem muhakemede hem kendini yönetmede kendi kendisine yeten kişi özgür ve “tam insan” olmuştur, yetemeyen ise yönetilmeye ve köleliğe uygun dolayısıyla “tam olmamış veya tamamlanmamış insandır”. Bu sebeple, makale ilkin iyi yaşamın, ikinci olarak siyasi devlet yaşamının, üçüncü olarak da köleliğin ve özgürlüğün “kendine yeterlilik” ile ilişkisine odaklanarak eleştirel bir inceleme sunar. Bu sayede, Aristoteles’te önceden varsayılan bir doğal kölelik anlayışı olmadığını; mutluluk ve siyasi yaşam ilişkisi adına kurumsal olarak köleliğin gerekliliğini savunduktan sonra, köleliği adil gösterebilmek için zor kullanımı gerektirmeyen “doğal” kölelik anlayışını bilhassa geliştirdiğini görebiliriz. Dahası belli etnik halkların karakter özelliklerine göre köleliğe doğal olarak uygun oldukları fikrini de bu düşüncenin ardından geliştirir. Sonuçta, Aristoteles’in kölelik anlayışındaki etnik ayrımların biyolojik temelli özcü bir ırkçılık ile yapılmasa da insanlığının tam olması için kendi kendine yetmesi beklenen normatif bir insan anlayışıyla yapıldığını söyleyebiliriz.
David Hume’un Beğeni Standardı II
Authors: Soysal Soner ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışma, David Hume’un beğeninin bir standardı olduğu iddiasına yönelik incelememin ikinci aşamasıdır. Böyle bir incelemeye başlamamın nedeni, çalışmanın birinci aşamasının başından da söylediğim gibi, açık bir şekilde görülen beğeni farklılıklarına rağmen, tümevarımsal akıl yürütmeyi eleştiren deneyci bir filozof olan David Hume’un beğeninin bir standardı olduğunu iddia etmesidir. Deneyci bir filozof olduğu için, Hume’un bu standardı a priori ya da doğuştan idelere dayandırma olanağı yoktur. Diğer taraftan, Hume, tümevarımsal akıl yürütmeyi eleştirerek, deneyimden tüm insanlar için bir ölçüt olabilecek kesinlikte bir bilgi ya da standart üretmenin olanağını neredeyse tamamen ortadan kaldırmıştır. İncelemenin birinci aşaması olan “David Hume’un Beğeni Standardı I: Farklılıklar ve Standart” başlıklı makalede, Hume’un beğeni farklılıklarına rağmen nasıl olup da bir beğeni standardı olduğunu iddia ettiğini ele almıştım. İncelememin ikinci aşaması olan bu çalışmada ise, Hume’un beğeni standardının sanat eserlerinin bazı nitelikleriyle insan zihninin doğal yapısı arasındaki bir uyuşmadan kaynaklandığı iddiasını ve bu standardı belirli niteliklere sahip ideal eleştirmenler üzerinden nasıl açıkladığını ele alıp, Hume’un beğeni standardı tartışmasının genel bir değerlendirmesini yapacağım.
Taylor’ın Liberal Anlayışında Ahlak, Dil ve Politika Teorilerinin Etkileşim Noktaları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Türkmen Birlik Pınar ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: August 2021

Charles Taylor, içinde yaşadığı kültürün ve genel anlamda Batı dünyasının yaşadığı sorunları, ortaya koyduğu liberal politika anlayışı kapsamında çözüme ulaştırmaya çalışan önemli bir yirminci yüzyıl düşünürüdür. Politika felsefesinin yerini politika yapma eğilimine bıraktığı yirminci yüzyılda, Taylor ortaya koyduğu anlayış ile bu eğilimden kendini ayırır. Ona göre, yaşadığı çağın sorunlarının üstesinden gelebilmek için ortaya konulan tezlerin ahlaki bir motivasyona da sahip olması gerekir. Dolayısıyla Taylor için yapılması gereken şey, modernitenin insan doğasında birtakım ahlaki sezgilerin varolduğu tezine geri dönmek ve dilin dolayımında kendini bulan insanı, ahlaki bir varlık olarak düşünmektir. Taylor’a göre, dili kullanarak kendini ve içinde bulunduğu durumu yorumlayan bir hayvan olarak insan, pratik aklın yol göstericiliğinde, sahip olduğu ahlaki sezgilerden hareketle, yönünü bulmaya ve yaşadığı bu süreci ifade eden kendi anlatısını oluşturmaya çalışır. Taylor’ın arzu ettiği liberal toplumun yapı taşını oluşturacak olan bu birey, ahlaki alanda yolunu, ahlaki sezgilerinden hareketle keşfettiği “iyi” anlayışı ile belirler. Bu “iyi” anlayışı temelde dilin dolayımında kendini gösteren “hermeneutik döngü” anlayışı ve insan doğasının diyalojik karakteri kapsamında kendini gösterir. Kişi hermeneutik döngü sayesinde, hem kendi iyisini hem de içinde yaşadığı toplumun iyisini kavrayan, bu iyiyi yeniden yorumlayabilen bir benlik anlayışına sahip olur. Böylece Taylor’da dilin dolayımında, kişinin ahlaki olarak sahip olduğu kendi “iyi” anlayışı ile ilişkilerinin yönünü belirleyen “kamusal iyi” anlayışı içiçe geçmiş olur. Bu bağlamda çalışmamız, Taylor’ın anlayışında ahlak, dil ve politika üçlüsünün birbirleriyle temasta olduğu bu noktaları göstermeyi ve onların birbirleri ile nasıl bir ilişki kurduğunu serimlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Attika Tragedyası ve Felsefe
Authors: Yildizdöken Çiğdem ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: August 2021

Attika topraklarında boy gösteren tragedyalar beslendiği Atina demokratia’sından daha uzun yaşayıp Akropolis’in politik, etik ve ontolojik-egzistansiyal bağlamda sözcüsü olarak klasik Yunan sanatının temelini oluşturmuştur. Bu klasik sanat, insanın hem kendi ne’liğini bulmasında hem de polis’in kendini tanıması ve müdafaasında gerekli unsurları her bir yurttaşa (polites) temin ederek “düşünme”nin yeniden düşünülmesine olanak vermiştir. Kökeni dramalarda temellenen bu “düşünme” physis ve yazılı hukuku, ahlaki değerleri, kültürü de içine alan nomos arasındaki çatışmayı gözler önüne sererken bu çatışmanın üstesinden nasıl gelineceğine dair ulaşılabilecek uzlaşının ne olduğu hususunda da araştırmaya koyulmuştur. Açığa çıkan araştırmada dağ yamacında konumlanan tiyatro sahnesinde (skene) beliren tragedyanın yanında yer alan philosophia olay hallerinin ötesinde tragedyadaki “hakikat” arayışına odaklanmıştır. Bu noktada tragedyada görünür olan hakikat, “acının bilgeliği”nin çağrısına kulak kesilerek yeni dünyanın eski dünya karşısındaki çatışmasında tüm karşıt fenomenleri ile yeniden düşünmeye bizi davet etmektedir. Düşünülen, eski dünyanın physis’inin ananke’si (η αναγκη) karşısında yeni dünyanın anankesidir. Trajik olan tam da bu karşılaşmada kendini ele vermektedir. Görmek-körlük arasında başlayan bu trajik oluş bizi, üstesinden gelmek isteyeceğimiz bir o kadar da vazgeçemeyeceğimiz ve tüm bunlara rağmen daha “yüce”sini isteme doğrultusunda paradoksallığın iyimser kaldığı bir alana sürükleyecektir. Bu bir sürükleyiştir; çünkü çekilen ızdıraplar artık duygu durumu olmaktan çıkarak acısını logos’un huzursuzluğunda açığa çıkarmaktadır. Bu bağlamda düşünmenin huzursuzluğunda gün ışığına çıkan tragedyaya ilişkin ele aldığımız çalışmamız bizi, dramalarla başlayan tragedyanın kaynağının ne olduğuna yönelik soruşturmaya ve tragedyadan felsefi alana geçişe imkân veren öğelerin ne olduğu konusunda araştırmaya götürmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmamız, trajik düşünmenin görülenmesi uğruna tragedyanın kaynağına inerek felsefede neler olup bittiği üç büyük tragedya ozanını (Aiskhylos, Sophokles, Euripides) göz önünde bulundurmak suretiyle düşüncenin felsefi öğelerini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Tilret publiceringsår – Nummer/Artikel
Authors: Frederiksen Niels Erik
Published: August 2021

Når man i den nuværende udgave af OJS 3 publicerer et nummer, bliver publiceringsdatoen automatisk sat til dags dato. Derfor er det vigtigt, at man umiddelbart efter publiceringen tilretter udgivelsesåret såfremt der er tale om et nummer, der ikke er publiceret i det indeværende år.

Samme problematik gør sig gælden på artikelniveau.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF SARIVA PHANTA (HEMIDESMUS INDICUS R. BR.) IN THE TREATMENT OF MADHUMEHA (DIABETES MELLITUS OR TYPE II DIABETES) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS HYPOGLYCAEMIC EFFECT
Authors: Mishra Vijaylaxmi S , Ram Bhuwal
Published: August 2021

Diabetes is a complex endocrine disease that affects more than 100 million of people worldwide (6% of the total population). The prevalence of Diabetes mellitus is increasing, despite multiple treatment options. Along with allopathic medications, several formulations or single forms of plant origin are employed in its treatment, especially in non-insulin dependent diabetic mellitus (NIDDM). Herbal medications are effective, broad range of action, fewer adverse effects, and are relatively inexpensive, making them a suitable alternative. The aim of this study is to investigate hypoglycaemic effect of Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus R.Br.) root phanta (teabag) in Madhumehi. The current trial is a randomised, parallel group interventional trial. After initial screening for inclusion criteria, 60 patients were enrolled and separated into 3 groups (20 patients each), which was conducted according to the International Conference on Harmonization-Good Clinical Practices Principles (ICH-GCP) or the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines and statistically analysed using the chi square test. Madhumeha had a better clinical outcome with the medication. The majority of vata-kaphaja prakriti had side effects such as constipation and nausea. Patients in the 40–50-year age group with Vataja-dosha derangement were found to be more prone to DM-2. In married mostly in males, there is a greater preponderance. Madhura, snigdha guṇa relieves vata, Tikta rasa relieves kapha, meda duṣya, sheeta virya relieves pitta; Hence it has tridoṣatmaka activity, which is beneficial in the treatment of Madhumeha. Sariva in the form of teabag has kaphaghna, vataghna, kandhughna (curing pruritus), meha durgandhi nashan, sarvamehahara properties. Thus, it collectively acts in Madhumeha.
CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF PIPPALYADI GUTIKA ANJAN IN COMPARISON WITH CHANDRODAYA VARTI ANJAN IN ARMA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PROGRESSIVE PTERYGIUM
Authors: Chandankhede Amit W , Mule Chandrashekhar
Published: August 2021

Arma described as broad based, in modern science which resembles like pterygium. It is thin at the growing end, Mansa sanchayrupvruddi (fleshy mass) seen in Shukla mandala. The aim of this study is to study the effect of Pippalyadi Gutika Anjan in comparison with Chandradaya Varti anjan in Arma (Progressive pterygium). The Objective is to study the efficacy of Pippalyadi Gutika anjan and Chandrodaya varti anjan in arma. A detailed proforma was prepared to study the disease. Patient willing for treatment of age group 40-70 years and having symptoms of Arma (Pterygium) encroaching on cornea not more than 2 mm from limbal margin were recruited in the study. Group A treated with Pippalyadi Gutika anjan while Group B (Trial Group) treated with Chandradaya varti anjana for 15 days. Local Application of Anjana with the help of Shalaka Tamra was done once daily in the morning. The results of drug used in group A i.e., Pippalyadi Gutika Anjan is Very significant on all the parameters except Size of pterygium. There is marginal difference of just 3% between overall assessments of therapy between two drugs. Irritation of eyes is reduced by the Ushna Veerya and Lekhana properly which removes the dushti mamsa dhatu and dushta kapha dosha. Redness is reduced by the sheeta veerya. The both the drugs are described as Lekhan Karma. It is concluded that both the drugs i.e., Pippalyadi Gutika and Chandrodaya Varti are equally effective in progressive pterygium.
AN AMELIORATE COMPARATIVE CLINICAL TRIAL OF NAVAYAS LOUHA SYRUP AND NISHA LOUHA SYRUP IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PANDU ROGA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: Tiwari Bharti , Tiwari Amar Singh , Gupta Satish Chand
Published: August 2021

Anemia is a major health problem in India. Yet, a comprehensive plan of action to combat this public health problem has been still missing. There are few existing plans for the control of Iron Deficiency Anemia regarding children and pregnant women and lactating mothers. Iron deficiency is the result of long-term negative iron balance. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) should be regarded as a subset of iron deficiency, that is, it represents the extreme lower end of the distribution of iron deficiency. Treatment options include oral and intravenous iron therapy; however, the efficacy of oral iron is limited in certain gastrointestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and autoimmune gastritis. So that ameliorate comparative clinical trial was taken with Ayurveda formulation for the diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with special reference to Pandu Roga. Overall, in the study Navayas Louha was found to have 76.53% and of Nisha Louha was found to have 69.33% clinical efficacy. The study showed that trial clinical efficacy of Navayas Louha syrup is better than Nisha Louha syrup in the management of iron deficiency anemia in Indian children.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CHAKSHUSHYA DRAVYAS AND ITS CLINICAL APPLICATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SUSHRUTA SAMHITA
Authors: Mohan Amritha , Kumar Pradeep K , MD Visakh
Published: August 2021

Netra is considered as one of the very important organs in human body. Chakshushya dravyas are the materials which are believed to be beneficial for eyes, henceforth usages of those Dravyas are recommended in various contexts of Sushruta Samhita. In the light of this knowledge and based on Rasadi gunas of Chakshushya dravyas explained in Ayurveda, a critical analysis of those dravyas is done to find out the logic behind the labelling of ‘Chakshushya dravyas’. Triphala, Ksheera, Madhu, Ghrita, Prapaundarika, Saindhava, Yava, Shatavari, Mudga, Jeevanti, Patola are critically analyzed. Even though most of the Chakshushya dravyas are predominantly Madhura rasa dravyas, there are dravyas that are Katu and Kashaya rasa predominant which are seldom told as Chakshushya. Tikta rasa is not considered as Chakshushya but some of the Chakshushya dravyas are Tikta rasa Pradhana. Majority of Chakshushya dravyas possess Rasayana, Brimhana, or Vrishya properties and all of them are not directly contributing to vision. There are ‘Chakshushya Rasayana’ dravyas i.e., dravyas which directly enhances the vision and other dravyas which pacifies the underlying diseases of eye and prevent the secondary manifestations.
PHARMACEUTICAL STUDY OF AGASTHI MODAKA
Authors: M V Aiswariya , Krishnamurthy M S
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to prepare Agasthi Modaka as per classical methods and to do its organoleptic and Physico-chemical analysis. Agasthi Modaka was prepared as per the classical method of Modaka Kalpana and was evaluated for its organoleptic and Physico-chemical characteristics. The final product Agasthi Modaka was of desirable consistency and quality. The general method of preparation of both Vati and Modaka are similar, but they do differ in the size. When there is a need of administration of more quantity of medicine, Modaka form is preferred. From the pharmaceutical study of Agasthi Modaka, it can be concluded that, the proper Paka Lakshana for attaining Modaka consistency is of 1 thread.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL STANDARDISATION OF SIDDHA TABLET PREPARATION JATHIKAAI MATHIRAI
Authors: Rajeswari K , Muthu M Supritha , Vennila K , Sundaram M Meenakshi , Meenakumari R
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to standardize the herbal Mathirai preparation Jathikaai Mathirai based on qualitative and quantitative methods as per the analytical specifications of Tablet/Mathirai prescribed by the Protocol testing of ASU drugs by Pharmacopoeial laboratory for Indian Medicines. The Tablet is prepared as described in the text Bala Vagadam. The medicine is subjected to Physicochemical standardisation as per the pharmacopoeial laboratory standards of Indian medicine. The tablet is in solid form which is brown in colour. It is rigid with strong characteristic odor. The aflatoxin assay and pesticide residue revealed that the tablet is free of aflatoxins and pesticide residue. The formulation is free of microbial contamination and shows positive for the presence of steroids, alkaloids, coumarins, tannins, carbohydrates, glycosides etc. The heavy metals are below detectable limit. The result of HPTLC finger printing of the drug at UV 366 nm shows that the peak at Rf 0.02 constitutes 100% of the total area of the separated peaks, which denotes the abundant existence of the drug at minimum peak level itself. It indicates drug as phytochemicals. The result of the present study ensures the safety profile of the Jathikaai Mathirai – Siddha herbal Tablet intended for paediatric usage and indicative of presence of active phytoconstituents that are responsible for its efficacy in treating the Valippu Noi (Seizure disorder) in children.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON BERGENIA LIGULATA (PAASHANBHEDA) AND ITS ROLE IN THE TREATMENT OF KIDNEY STONE FORMATION
Authors: Haritha Ch , Ramya D , Naveen R , Prasanna S V , Salomi P
Published: August 2021

Bergenia ligulata, a member of the saxifragaceae family, is a well-known Ayurvedic medicine Paashanbheda. Bergenia ligulata is a highly regarded medicinal herb and one of the most well-known examples of controversial drugs in Indian medicine, commonly referred to as "Paashanbheda." This plant is well-known for its ability to dissolve kidney stones. Bergenia comes in three varieties: B. ligulata, B. ciliata and B. stracheyi. Bergenin is the species' key chemical constituent. Many secondary metabolites belonging to coumarins, flavonoids, benzenoids, lactone, fructose, tannins, phenols, and sterols have been discovered in phytochemical studies. Anti-urolithic, antiviral, free radical scavenging, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, diuretic, antipyretic, anti-oxaluria, antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-implantation and cardio-protective activities have been observed in crude extracts and isolated compounds from B. ligulata. Bergenin, (+) afzelechin, (+) catechin and -sitosterol were discovered in the plant's phytochemistry. Many pharmacological activities of plants have been studied, including antipyretic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, antiurolithic and antimalarial. The aim of this review is to present the most current knowledge on botany, Pharmacognosy, conventional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacopoeial requirements, pharmacology of B. ligulata, as well as the biological activities of Bergenin (active constituent from Bergenia ligulata). It covers the information collected from scientific journals, books, theses and reports via a library and electronic search (Google Scholar and PubMed).
AYURVEDA FOR OPHTHALMIC DISORDERS: A REVIEW
Authors: A V Nijil , Kumar Pradeep K
Published: August 2021

Ayurveda is the science of life which describes both promotive aspects of eye health as well as the prevention of disease. ‘Sarvendriyanam Nayanam Pradhanam’ as because of eye has got the prime importance among Indriyas, prevention is important in case of eye diseases. Due to the changing lifestyle most of the people pay attention to their eyes only if they got any eye disorder. Hours of reading, writing, watching screen, using mobile phone, working on computer may affect the healthy eyes. Diseases like dry eye, computer vision syndrome, Age related macular degenerations (ARMD), cataract, diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy may occur due to these lifestyle changes. Ayurvedic science has got several preventive and curative measures for eye diseases. Ahara and Vihara play a central role in preventing eye diseases. So daily regimens like Padabhyanga, Netra Prakshalana, Snana, Nasya, Anjana and Pathya Aharas along with Netra Vyayamas Yogasanas are the key for maintaining health of eyes. Review of these measures mentioned in ayurvedic classics for maintenance of eye health are explored in this article. Protection of eye is not only a necessity but also a responsibility of every individual.
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON MADHUMEHA JANYA TWAK-GATA VATA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEURITIS
Authors: . Karishma
Published: August 2021

With the increasing prevalence of Diabetes mellitus especially in the middle age group, the chances of developing neuro-vascular complications are very high. One such complication is Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy / Distal Symmetric sensory Polyneuropathy (DSPN). Diabetes mellitus can be correlated to Madhumeha and its complication Peripheral neuropathy to that of Twak-gata vata. Twakgata vata is one such vatavyadhi which can manifest in a Madhumeha Rogi. According to Acharya Charaka, Prakupita vata localized in twak brings about dryness of skin, skin cracks open, numbness in that part, emaciation, black discolouration, pricking type of pain, a feeling of stretching in that part, redness, and pain in small joints. Charaka has explained the special reason for the manifestation of a vatavyadhi. He says that depending upon the specific cause and site the aggravated vata produces different types of vyadhis, like twak-gata vata, raktagata vata, etc. Though, Daha as a lakshana has not been mentioned under Twakgata vata lakshanas, when there is anubandha of vata with pitta, daha is seen. Sushruta says in rasa-rakta etc., if vata gets associated with other doshas it produces various disorders. Ex: If there is daha, then association of vata with pitta should be inferred.
A REVIEW ON CHARAKA SAMHITOKTA BHESHAJA PARIKSHA: ANCIENT METHODS OF DRUG STANDARDIZATION
Authors: Kamble Sharavati Goroba
Published: August 2021

Charaka Samhita is one of the most important scientific evidence-based treatises of Ayurveda. Along with various important subjects it explains ten examination criteria of treatment. These are Karana i.e., Physician, Kaarana i.e., Medicine / Herb, Karyayoni i.e., Pathology, Karya i.e., equilibrium of Dhatus or Health, Karya Phala i.e., Relief, Anubandha i.e., Life span, Desha i.e., Place as well as Patients’ body, Kala i.e., year, seasons as well as stages of disease, Pravritti i.e., initiation of treating and Upaya i.e., best qualities of Physician, Medicine etc. except relief and life span which are objectives. Among these criteria Medicine holds the place next to the physician. Examination of a medicine is as important as the physician. In Charaka Samhita the standardization of the medicine is explained as Bheshaja Pariksha, which is elaborated in this article along with the example discussed in the text itself. With reference to this the points of Bheshaja Pariksha discussed in the text were compiled. The example of Madanaphala in the same text is compared with these points. Discussion is made based on points. It is observed that the guidelines discussed about standardization of drug are followed while mentioning the details of Madanaphala at various citations. The guidelines are in detail, exhaustive, scientific and ahead of time which can be followed even now for drug standardization
A SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION OF SHADGARBHAKAR BHAVA (SIX PROCREATIVE FACTORS) FOR THE CAUSATION OF CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA IN PURVIEW OF EPIGENETICS: A REVIEW
Authors: Diwedi Neha , Sabharwal Pooja
Published: August 2021

This is a systematic review article in which classical literature of Ayurveda & contemporary science on subject of Garbhavakranti were explored from the library of my parent institute and other relevant sources were used. The data obtained were critically analyzed and presented. Objectives of this work are to assess lag of Shadgarbhakar Bhava for causation of Childhood Leukemia, determine the embryological aspects of Shadgarbhakar Bhava as per Ayurvedic and Modern perspective of Childhood Leukemia and to suggest a protocol for prevention of said disease. Original Research and published articles available on google scholar Pub-med and Med-scape, Reference Materials, Textbooks, Review Articles are the source of data. Conglomeration of Shadgarbhakar Bhava play vital role in appropriate development of an embryo. Intra-uterine environment can be modified by proper practicing of Satmyaja Bhava, Satvaja Bhava and Rasaja Bhava which produces healthy impact on embryo while Matraja Bhava, Pitraja Bhava and Atmaja Bhava cannot be changed. Lag of Shadgarbhakar Bhava causes diseases in offspring. Childhood leukaemia is one of these, maternal and nutritional factor have major role in this. Occurrence of Childhood Leukemia can be prevented by proper preconception counselling, antenatal care, and good mode of conduct exhibited by mother and father.
CURRENT RESEARCH UPDATES ON THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM BY AYURVEDA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Kulkarni Satyajit Pandurang , Kulkarni Pallavi Satyajit
Published: August 2021

Hypothyroidism is one of the challenging disorders and the burden of this disorder has been growing. The prevalence of the hypothyroidism is 11% in India. This is alarming situation, and it has made many researchers to find solutions in Ayurveda. There are many research articles published on the diagnosis & management of Hypothyroidism as per Ayurveda. It was needed to update the Ayurvedic drugs, procedures proved efficacious in the management of hypothyroidism. Therefore, we made a literature search using certain keywords in various search engines. Total 12 research articles, case studies/series were included. They were summarized, analyzed for search results, and concluded that most of the studies on Hypothyroidism had too low sample size. Secondly, there should be multicentric clinical trials of Ayurvedic drugs. It is also needed that; the research should be done on, if the Ayurvedic medicines to surpass the research on modern medicines for hypothyroidism or can be prescribed as supplementary medication.
POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (ARTAVA KSHAYA): GENETIC AND NONGENETIC ETIOPATHOLOGY AND DIAGNOSIS: AN AYURVEDIC NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Sahu Rakhi , Jaiswal Awanish , Pandey Anurag , Tiwari Ramanand
Published: August 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common heterogeneous endocrine disorder and about 6% to 20% of women are affected in their reproductive age. Clinical manifestations arise during the early pubertal years, and it’s characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, anovulation, acne, Oligomenorrhea/Amenorrhea, Hirsutism, and frequently infertility. Despite recent advancements in technologies in the scientific world pathophysiology of PCOS is still challenging and initially, most available clinical data communicated findings and outcomes is only in adult women. After that, the Rotterdam criteria are most accepted for adult women and adolescent girls. The diagnostic features for adolescent girls are based on classical tried e.g., menstrual irregularity, clinical hyperandrogenism, and/or hyperandrogenemia. Whereas findings of pelvic ultrasound are significant in adult women but least significant in adolescent girls. Mental health disorders including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder also occur more frequently in both adolescent girls and women with PCOS. Ayurveda gives prime importance to maintain the healthiness of women and literature provides many references related to signs and symptoms of PCOS in the same way and hence PCOS correlated with Artava kshaya. This review aims to display comprehensive knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of PCOS and Artava Kshaya. The efforts made here will enable earlier identification of girls and adult women with a high propensity to develop PCOS. The timely implementation of individualized therapeutic interventions will improve the overall management of PCOS, prevent associated comorbidities, and improve quality of life. This review emphasizes the various etiological aspects and screening recommendations currently in use to prevent and manages PCOS.
ROLE OF AGNILEPA IN PAKSHAGHATA (ISCHEMIC STROKE): A CASE STUDY
Authors: Patil Padmavati , Diggavi Madhava , Patil Andanagouda S
Published: August 2021

Stroke is defined as the rapid onset of focal neurological deficit resulting from diseases of the cerebral vasculature and its contents. Stroke represents the third most common cause of death in the developed nations. The prevalence of stroke in India is approximately 200 per 100,000 persons and 9.94% of total deaths. The present article deals with a diagnosed case of ischemic stroke presenting with left sided hemiplegia Acute infarct in the right temporo-parieto-frontal lobe and right ganglio-capsular region with haemorrhagic transformation. The Ayurvedic diagnosis of vama Pakshaghata was made and managed with shamana aushadhi and agnilepa (bahirparimarjana chikitsa). Two assessments were made before and after treatment using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIH-SS) and CT scan. Maximum improvement was noticed in the symptoms of Stambha, Ruja, Supti, Shotha, Sparsha hani. Even there was also improvement in left upper and lower extremity functions. At the end of the treatment the patient could be able to walk without support. After treatment CT scan showed considerable recovery. Agnilepa plays a major role in the management of Margavaranajanya pakshaghata (acute ischemic stroke) if associated with saama condition, in acute condition. The drugs used for Agnilepa are having Katu Rasa Pradhana, ruksha, teekshna, lekhana guna, ushna veerya, katu vipaka and kaphavataghna, vedanasthapaka, Shothahara, Stambhahara, Suptihara and helpful in regaining of Sparshana. Agnilepa can be practiced as bahirparimarjana chikitsa in pakshaghata, as many Salvana upanaha are mentioned in the chikitsa.