bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of buy-online-pickup-in-store shopping on customer engagement: framework and propositions
Authors: Li You , Liang Zhehao
Published: August 2024

This research aims to develop a new conceptual framework that investigates the effect of buy-online-pickup-in-store (BOPS) shopping on customer engagement and related outcomes from the touchpoint perspective. Based on the customer engagement theory and touchpoint literature, we define the concept of contact interactivity to explore the multiple touchpoints in the BOPS shopping experience and develop a conceptual framework and an associated set of propositions related to contact interactivity. To better understand contact interactivity, we propose the three dimensions of the customer–product interaction, customer–employee interaction, and customer–customer interaction, and further investigate the advantages of BOPS by comparing it with online shopping. This study has research implications for the BOPS literature by identifying specific touchpoints in multiple phases of the BOPS shopping journey and explaining the effect of BOPS shopping on customer engagement. We conclude by discussing important theoretical and practical implications that arises from our analyses.
Different Methods for Measurements and Estimation of Pulse Wave Velocity are not Interchangeable
Authors: Prelević Vladimir , Jelaković Ana , Gašparović Kristina , Bažadona Danira , Josipović Josipa , Dubravčić-Došen Mia , Radunović Danilo , Domislović Marija , Jelaković Bojan
Published: August 2024

Background

Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (c–f PWV) is a gold standard for the arterial stiffness measurement and important biomarker for the assessment of the cardiovascular (CV) risk. Recent studies have focused on 24-h measurements of arterial stiffness and estimated PWV (ePWV). The aim of this study is to analyze agreement of office c–f PWV measurements (SphygmoCor) with 24-h oscillometric measurements (Mobil-O-Graph and Arteriograph), and with ePWV.

Results

This study included 154 patients with primary hypertension (average age 38.75 ± 12.65). Arterial stiffness has been measured in the office with SphygmoCor and 24 h with two oscillometric methods (Mobil-O-Graph and Arteriograph). ePWV was calculated using validated equation. PWV values obtained in office (SphygmoCor) showed higher average values compared to both 24-h oscillometric measurements of PWV and ePWV. The mean values of 24-h PWV measured by Arteriograph were higher compared to values obtained with Mobil-O-Graph. The measurement of PWV over 24 h using the Arteriograph is the most accurate among the methods that were compared with the office PWV measurements (accuracy of 0.989). However, the most precise method was the Mobil-O-Graph (0.631), and the highest degree of agreement also was shown with the Mobil-O-Graph (concordance coefficient correlation (CCC) = 0.447). The smallest deviation (TDI) and the highest probability of overlapping (CP) were observed with ePWV (TDI = 45.524, CP = 0.322, respectively).

Conclusion

In our group of young treated mild hypertensive patients with low CV risk, we found weak agreements between cfPWV and 24-h PWV. These methods are not interchangeable.
Disjointed Polarization in Chile’s Enduring Crisis of Representation
Authors: Luna Juan Pablo
Published: August 2024

This analytical essay proposes the notion of disjointed polarization to characterize the nature of polarization in contemporary Chile. In disjointed polarization, elite-level polarization does not lead to a successful electoral realignment. Disjointed polarization is thus consistent with a long-lasting crisis of representation in which a serial disconnect between politicians (pursuing different polarizing strategies) and a sizable fraction of the electorate persists, as voters remain alienated from old and emerging political elites. Because the structural changes that make disjointed polarization persist longer than expected in Chile today are widespread across Latin America, the essay speculates on the possibility that enduring disjointed polarization applies to other cases where neither a “populist realignment” nor “generative polarization” took place. Instead, disjointed polarization might reflect the onset of a new (non-partisan representation) normal.
Scale‐Dependent Processes and Runout in Bidisperse Granular Flows: Insights From Laboratory Experiments and Implications for Rock/Debris Avalanches
Authors: Makris S. , Manzella I. , Sgarabotto A.
Published: August 2024

The bidispersity observed in the particle‐size distribution of rock avalanches and volcanic debris avalanches (rock/debris avalanches) has been proposed as a factor contributing to their long runout. This has been supported by small‐scale analog experimental studies, which observe that a small proportion of fine particles mixed with coarser particles enhances granular avalanche runout. However, the mechanisms enabling this phenomenon and their resemblance to rock/debris avalanches have not been directly evaluated. Here, binary mixture granular avalanche experiments are employed to constrain the processes and conditions under which bidispersity enhances the runout of granular avalanches in experiments. Structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry is used to measure center of mass displacement and assess energy dissipation. Subsequently, this study evaluates the dynamic scaling and flow regimes in the lab and field to assess whether the runout‐enhancing mechanism is applicable to rock/debris avalanches. In small‐scale experiments, the granular mass propagates under a collisional regime, enabling kinetic sieving and size segregation. Fine particles migrate to the base where they reduce frictional areas between coarse particles and the substrate and encourage rolling. The reduced energy dissipation increases the kinetic energy conversion and avalanche mobility. However, rock/debris avalanches are unlikely to acquire a purely collisional regime; instead, they propagate under a frictional regime. The size segregation which is essential for the process observed at the lab‐scale is prohibited by the frictional regime, as evident by the sedimentology of rock/debris avalanche deposits. The proposal of bidispersity as a runout‐enhancing mechanism overlooks that scale‐dependent behaviors of natural events are often omitted in small‐scale experiments.
Concerns over Lithium, Water, and Climate in Earth’s Two Highest Deserts
Authors: Cuo Lan
Published: August 2024

Brine mining to meet resource demands amid renewable energy transitions is affecting water resources in South America and China. Hydrologists can help understand how and join the search for solutions.
Anemic Stars Don’t Host Super-Earths
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: August 2024

Planetary systems need the right stuff to make planets, and some stars just don’t have it.
Integrated Modeling of Flow, Soil Erosion, and Nutrient Dynamics in a Regional Watershed: Assessing Natural and Human‐Induced Impacts
Authors: Yu Jiang , Tian Yong , Wang Xiaoli , Sun Taotao , Lancia Michele , Andrews Charles B. , Zheng Chunmiao
Published: August 2024

Current integrated modeling frameworks for simulating nutrient sources and dynamics are inadequate for large regional watersheds dominated by groundwater‐surface water interactions due to their simplistic representations of groundwater. In this study, we develop a coupled model that integrates comprehensive surface water, 3‐D groundwater, soil erosion, and nutrient processes. The model is intended to enhance the understanding of nutrient dynamics and sources in the Pearl River Basin (PRB). The model exhibits satisfactory performance in simulating streamflow and sediment transport patterns, capturing essential seasonal variations in water quality indicators. Hydrological budget assessments from 2002 to 2020 in the PRB reveal that 54% of precipitation drains into the South China Sea as surface water, while groundwater discharge as baseflow accounts for 18% of the streamflow. The nutrient budget for the PRB indicates that non‐point sources are the dominant contributors to both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), ranging between 64% and 90%. Improved sewage collection and treatment have reduced point source nutrient contributions over the evaluation period. Groundwater remains a significant and consistent source of N, contributing between 11% and 19%. Natural disturbances and fertilization have led to an upward trend in river N inputs, while afforestation and sewage reduction efforts have resulted in a downward trend in river P inputs. Increased fertilization emerges as a central concern for the PRB, suggesting cost‐effective mitigation of fertilizer usage a pragmatic solution. The coupled simulation model developed in this study offers a novel systems approach for basin‐wide nutrient analysis and pollution control strategies, considering both natural and human‐induced disturbances.
Tertiary lymphoid structures in diseases: immune mechanisms and therapeutic advances
Authors: Zhao Lianyu , Jin Song , Wang Shengyao , Zhang Zhe , Wang Xuan , Chen Zhanwei , Wang Xiaohui , Huang Shengyun , Zhang Dongsheng , Wu Haiwei
Published: August 2024

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are defined as lymphoid aggregates formed in non-hematopoietic organs under pathological conditions. Similar to secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), the formation of TLSs relies on the interaction between lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells and lymphoid tissue organizer (LTo) cells, involving multiple cytokines. Heterogeneity is a distinguishing feature of TLSs, which may lead to differences in their functions. Growing evidence suggests that TLSs are associated with various diseases, such as cancers, autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, chronic inflammation, infection, and even ageing. However, the detailed mechanisms behind these clinical associations are not yet fully understood. The mechanisms by which TLS maturation and localization affect immune function are also unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the understanding of TLS development and function at the cellular and molecular level, which may allow us to utilize them to improve the immune microenvironment. In this review, we delve into the composition, formation mechanism, associations with diseases, and potential therapeutic applications of TLSs. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic implications of TLSs, such as their role as markers of therapeutic response and prognosis. Finally, we summarize various methods for detecting and targeting TLSs. Overall, we provide a comprehensive understanding of TLSs and aim to develop more effective therapeutic strategies.
Silicon ion radiation as a viable surrogate for emulating neutron radiation damage in silicates
Authors: Polavaram Krishna C. , Evani Sai Kalyan , Drewry Sean M. , Rodriguez Elena Tajuelo , Alnaggar Mohammed G. , Wetteland Christopher J. , Page Katharine , Popovics John S. , Sickafus Kurt E. , Le Pape Yann , Garg Nishant
Published: August 2024

Nuclear power plants are aging around the world, and a precise assessment of irradiation damage in their components is needed. One key component, concrete, and specifically the silicates in its aggregates, can undergo significant expansion upon neutron radiation, which can lead to cracking and, ultimately, structural failure. However, assessing and predicting the extent of damage via neutron radiation is challenging due to reasons such as residual radioactivity and, most importantly, the high time involved. Here, we evaluate whether ion radiation can be a viable surrogate. Specifically, by employing Si2+ ion radiations and a comprehensive multi-modal imaging protocol, we report mineral-specific responses for key silicates such as quartz, albite, anorthite, and microcline. We find that 10 MeV Si2+ ions result in mineral expansions that are remarkably comparable to neutron radiation equivalent expansions (R2 = 0.86, RMSE = 1.29%), opening up pathways towards rapid assessment of silicates subject to irradiation.
Single-cell new RNA sequencing reveals principles of transcription at the resolution of individual bursts
Authors: Ramsköld Daniel , Hendriks Gert-Jan , Larsson Anton J. M. , Mayr Juliane V. , Ziegenhain Christoph , Hagemann-Jensen Michael , Hartmanis Leonard , Sandberg Rickard
Published: August 2024

Analyses of transcriptional bursting from single-cell RNA-sequencing data have revealed patterns of variation and regulation in the kinetic parameters that could be inferred. Here we profiled newly transcribed (4-thiouridine-labelled) RNA across 10,000 individual primary mouse fibroblasts to more broadly infer bursting kinetics and coordination. We demonstrate that inference from new RNA profiles could separate the kinetic parameters that together specify the burst size, and that the synthesis rate (and not the transcriptional off rate) controls the burst size. Importantly, transcriptome-wide inference of transcriptional on and off rates provided conclusive evidence that RNA polymerase II transcribes genes in bursts. Recent reports identified examples of transcriptional co-bursting, yet no global analyses have been performed. The deep new RNA profiles we generated with allelic resolution demonstrated that co-bursting rarely appears more frequently than expected by chance, except for certain gene pairs, notably paralogues located in close genomic proximity. Altogether, new RNA single-cell profiling critically improves the inference of transcriptional bursting and provides strong evidence for independent transcriptional bursting of mammalian genes.
Spatially clustered type I interferon responses at injury borderzones
Authors: Ninh V. K. , Calcagno D. M. , Yu J. D. , Zhang B. , Taghdiri N. , Sehgal R. , Mesfin J. M. , Chen C. J. , Kalhor K. , Toomu A. , Duran J. M. , Adler E. , Hu J. , Zhang K. , Christman K. L. , Fu Z. , Bintu B. , King K. R.
Published: August 2024

Sterile inflammation after myocardial infarction is classically credited to myeloid cells interacting with dead cell debris in the infarct zone1,2. Here we show that cardiomyocytes are the dominant initiators of a previously undescribed type I interferon response in the infarct borderzone. Using spatial transcriptomics analysis in mice and humans, we find that myocardial infarction induces colonies of interferon-induced cells (IFNICs) expressing interferon-stimulated genes decorating the borderzone, where cardiomyocytes experience mechanical stress, nuclear rupture and escape of chromosomal DNA. Cardiomyocyte-selective deletion of Irf3 abrogated IFNIC colonies, whereas mice lacking Irf3 in fibroblasts, macrophages, neutrophils or endothelial cells, Ccr2-deficient mice or plasmacytoid-dendritic-cell-depleted mice did not. Interferons blunted the protective matricellular programs and contractile function of borderzone fibroblasts, and increased vulnerability to pathological remodelling. In mice that died after myocardial infarction, IFNIC colonies were immediately adjacent to sites of ventricular rupture, while mice lacking IFNICs were protected from rupture and exhibited improved survival3. Together, these results reveal a pathological borderzone niche characterized by a cardiomyocyte-initiated innate immune response. We suggest that selective inhibition of IRF3 activation in non-immune cells could limit ischaemic cardiomyopathy while avoiding broad immunosuppression.
AI generates covertly racist decisions about people based on their dialect
Authors: Hofmann Valentin , Kalluri Pratyusha Ria , Jurafsky Dan , King Sharese
Published: August 2024

Hundreds of millions of people now interact with language models, with uses ranging from help with writing1,2 to informing hiring decisions3. However, these language models are known to perpetuate systematic racial prejudices, making their judgements biased in problematic ways about groups such as African Americans4–7. Although previous research has focused on overt racism in language models, social scientists have argued that racism with a more subtle character has developed over time, particularly in the United States after the civil rights movement8,9. It is unknown whether this covert racism manifests in language models. Here, we demonstrate that language models embody covert racism in the form of dialect prejudice, exhibiting raciolinguistic stereotypes about speakers of African American English (AAE) that are more negative than any human stereotypes about African Americans ever experimentally recorded. By contrast, the language models’ overt stereotypes about African Americans are more positive. Dialect prejudice has the potential for harmful consequences: language models are more likely to suggest that speakers of AAE be assigned less-prestigious jobs, be convicted of crimes and be sentenced to death. Finally, we show that current practices of alleviating racial bias in language models, such as human preference alignment, exacerbate the discrepancy between covert and overt stereotypes, by superficially obscuring the racism that language models maintain on a deeper level. Our findings have far-reaching implications for the fair and safe use of language technology.
Sympathetic neuropeptide Y protects from obesity by sustaining thermogenic fat
Authors: Zhu Yitao , Yao Lu , Gallo-Ferraz Ana L. , Bombassaro Bruna , Simões Marcela R. , Abe Ichitaro , Chen Jing , Sarker Gitalee , Ciccarelli Alessandro , Zhou Linna , Lee Carl , Sidarta-Oliveira Davi , Martínez-Sánchez Noelia , Dustin Michael L. , Zhan Cheng , Horvath Tamas L. , Velloso Licio A. , Kajimura Shingo , Domingos Ana I.
Published: August 2024

Human mutations in neuropeptide Y (NPY) have been linked to high body mass index but not altered dietary patterns1. Here we uncover the mechanism by which NPY in sympathetic neurons2,3 protects from obesity. Imaging of cleared mouse brown and white adipose tissue (BAT and WAT, respectively) established that NPY+ sympathetic axons are a smaller subset that mostly maps to the perivasculature; analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing datasets identified mural cells as the main NPY-responsive cells in adipose tissues. We show that NPY sustains the proliferation of mural cells, which are a source of thermogenic adipocytes in both BAT and WAT4–6. We found that diet-induced obesity leads to neuropathy of NPY+ axons and concomitant depletion of mural cells. This defect was replicated in mice with NPY abrogated from sympathetic neurons. The loss of NPY in sympathetic neurons whitened interscapular BAT, reducing its thermogenic ability and decreasing energy expenditure before the onset of obesity. It also caused adult-onset obesity of mice fed on a regular chow diet and rendered them more susceptible to diet-induced obesity without increasing food consumption. Our results indicate that, relative to central NPY, peripheral NPY produced by sympathetic nerves has the opposite effect on body weight by sustaining energy expenditure independently of food intake.
A population code for spatial representation in the zebrafish telencephalon
Authors: Yang Chuyu , Mammen Lorenz , Kim Byoungsoo , Li Meng , Robson Drew N. , Li Jennifer M.
Published: August 2024

Spatial learning in teleost fish requires an intact telencephalon1, a brain region that contains putative analogues to components of the mammalian limbic system (for example, hippocampus)2–4. However, cells fundamental to spatial cognition in mammals—for example, place cells (PCs)5,6—have yet to be established in any fish species. In this study, using tracking microscopy to record brain-wide calcium activity in freely swimming larval zebrafish7, we compute the spatial information content8 of each neuron across the brain. Strikingly, in every recorded animal, cells with the highest spatial specificity were enriched in the zebrafish telencephalon. These PCs form a population code of space from which we can decode the animal’s spatial location across time. By continuous recording of population-level activity, we found that the activity manifold of PCs refines and untangles over time. Through systematic manipulation of allothetic and idiothetic cues, we demonstrate that zebrafish PCs integrate multiple sources of information and can flexibly remap to form distinct spatial maps. Using analysis of neighbourhood distance between PCs across environments, we found evidence for a weakly preconfigured network in the telencephalon. The discovery of zebrafish PCs represents a step forward in our understanding of spatial cognition across species and the functional role of the early vertebrate telencephalon.
Carbon emissions from the 2023 Canadian wildfires
Authors: Byrne Brendan , Liu Junjie , Bowman Kevin W. , Pascolini-Campbell Madeleine , Chatterjee Abhishek , Pandey Sudhanshu , Miyazaki Kazuyuki , van der Werf Guido R. , Wunch Debra , Wennberg Paul O. , Roehl Coleen M. , Sinha Saptarshi
Published: August 2024

The 2023 Canadian forest fires have been extreme in scale and intensity with more than seven times the average annual area burned compared to the previous four decades1. Here, we quantify the carbon emissions from these fires from May to September 2023 on the basis of inverse modelling of satellite carbon monoxide observations. We find that the magnitude of the carbon emissions is 647 TgC (570–727 TgC), comparable to the annual fossil fuel emissions of large nations, with only India, China and the USA releasing more carbon per year2. We find that widespread hot–dry weather was a principal driver of fire spread, with 2023 being the warmest and driest year since at least 19803. Although temperatures were extreme relative to the historical record, climate projections indicate that these temperatures are likely to be typical during the 2050s, even under a moderate climate mitigation scenario (shared socioeconomic pathway, SSP 2–4.5)4. Such conditions are likely to drive increased fire activity and suppress carbon uptake by Canadian forests, adding to concerns about the long-term durability of these forests as a carbon sink5–8.
Mating proximity blinds threat perception
Authors: Cazalé-Debat Laurie , Scheunemann Lisa , Day Megan , Fernandez-d.V. Alquicira Tania , Dimtsi Anna , Zhang Youchong , Blackburn Lauren A. , Ballardini Charles , Greenin-Whitehead Katie , Reynolds Eric , Lin Andrew C. , Owald David , Rezaval Carolina
Published: August 2024

Romantic engagement can bias sensory perception. This ‘love blindness’ reflects a common behavioural principle across organisms: favouring pursuit of a coveted reward over potential risks1. In the case of animal courtship, such sensory biases may support reproductive success but can also expose individuals to danger, such as predation2,3. However, how neural networks balance the trade-off between risk and reward is unknown. Here we discover a dopamine-governed filter mechanism in male Drosophila that reduces threat perception as courtship progresses. We show that during early courtship stages, threat-activated visual neurons inhibit central courtship nodes via specific serotonergic neurons. This serotonergic inhibition prompts flies to abort courtship when they see imminent danger. However, as flies advance in the courtship process, the dopaminergic filter system reduces visual threat responses, shifting the balance from survival to mating. By recording neural activity from males as they approach mating, we demonstrate that progress in courtship is registered as dopaminergic activity levels ramping up. This dopamine signalling inhibits the visual threat detection pathway via Dop2R receptors, allowing male flies to focus on courtship when they are close to copulation. Thus, dopamine signalling biases sensory perception based on perceived goal proximity, to prioritize between competing behaviours.
Sodium chloride in the tumor microenvironment enhances T cell metabolic fitness and cytotoxicity
Authors: Soll Dominik , Chu Chang-Feng , Sun Shan , Lutz Veronika , Arunkumar Mahima , Gachechiladze Mariam , Schäuble Sascha , Alissa-Alkhalaf Maha , Nguyen Trang , Khalil Michelle-Amirah , Garcia-Ribelles Ignacio , Mueller Michael , Buder Katrin , Michalke Bernhard , Panagiotou Gianni , Ziegler-Martin Kai , Benz Pascal , Schatzlmaier Philipp , Hiller Karsten , Stockinger Hannes , Luu Maik , Schober Kilian , Moosmann Carolin , Schamel Wolfgang W. , Huber Magdalena , Zielinski Christina E.
Published: August 2024

The efficacy of antitumor immunity is associated with the metabolic state of cytotoxic T cells, which is sensitive to the tumor microenvironment. Whether ionic signals affect adaptive antitumor immune responses is unclear. In the present study, we show that there is an enrichment of sodium in solid tumors from patients with breast cancer. Sodium chloride (NaCl) enhances the activation state and effector functions of human CD8+ T cells, which is associated with enhanced metabolic fitness. These NaCl-induced effects translate into increased tumor cell killing in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, NaCl-induced changes in CD8+ T cells are linked to sodium-induced upregulation of Na+/K+-ATPase activity, followed by membrane hyperpolarization, which magnifies the electromotive force for T cell receptor (TCR)-induced calcium influx and downstream TCR signaling. We therefore propose that NaCl is a positive regulator of acute antitumor immunity that might be modulated for ex vivo conditioning of therapeutic T cells, such as CAR T cells.
Health and economic impacts of Lassa vaccination campaigns in West Africa
Authors: Smith David R. M. , Turner Joanne , Fahr Patrick , Attfield Lauren A. , Bessell Paul R. , Donnelly Christl A. , Gibb Rory , Jones Kate E. , Redding David W. , Asogun Danny , Ayodeji Oladele Oluwafemi , Azuogu Benedict N. , Fischer William A. , Jan Kamji , Olayinka Adebola T. , Wohl David A. , Torkelson Andrew A. , Dinkel Katelyn A. , Nixon Emily J. , Pouwels Koen B. , Hollingsworth T. Déirdre
Published: August 2024

Lassa fever is a zoonotic disease identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as having pandemic potential. This study estimates the health-economic burden of Lassa fever throughout West Africa and projects impacts of a series of vaccination campaigns. We also model the emergence of ‘Lassa-X’—a hypothetical pandemic Lassa virus variant—and project impacts of achieving 100 Days Mission vaccination targets. Our model predicted 2.7 million (95% uncertainty interval: 2.1–3.4 million) Lassa virus infections annually, resulting over 10 years in 2.0 million (793,800–3.9 million) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The most effective vaccination strategy was a population-wide preventive campaign primarily targeting WHO-classified ‘endemic’ districts. Under conservative vaccine efficacy assumptions, this campaign averted $20.1 million ($8.2–$39.0 million) in lost DALY value and $128.2 million ($67.2–$231.9 million) in societal costs (2021 international dollars ($)). Reactive vaccination in response to local outbreaks averted just one-tenth the health-economic burden of preventive campaigns. In the event of Lassa-X emerging, spreading throughout West Africa and causing approximately 1.2 million DALYs within 2 years, 100 Days Mission vaccination averted 22% of DALYs given a vaccine 70% effective against disease and 74% of DALYs given a vaccine 70% effective against both infection and disease. These findings suggest how vaccination could alleviate Lassa fever’s burden and assist in pandemic preparedness.
Planktonic ciliate communities along an environmental gradient in the Nile Delta (Damietta region, Egypt)
Authors: El-Tohamy Wael S. , Hopcroft Russell R.
Published: August 2024

The spatial patterns of planktonic ciliate communities were studied from May to June 2019 in the Nile Delta’s Damietta region, southeastern Mediterranean. The ciliate communities were sampled from twenty-five sites of five stressed domains with spatial gradients of environmental status. A total of 32 ciliate taxa with six dominant species were identified, comprising 21 tintinnids and 11 aloricate ciliates. The abundance and richness of each ciliate group varied geographically and were most strongly influenced by salinity variations; tintinnid ciliates attained high abundance and richness at high salinity sites in the harbour and coastal region and decreased within the estuary upstream. Aloricate ciliates were poorly represented at most sites but were a substantial proportion of upstream estuarine sites. Multivariate/univariate analyses demonstrated that spatial patterns of the ciliate communities were significantly correlated with environmental variables, especially salinity, chlorophyll-a, and nutrients, either alone or in combination with one another. These results indicate that the ciliates can be useful bioindicators in stressed environments while also allowing the detection of impacts on short time scales by rapidly responding to environmental variations.
Short-term exposure to fine particulate pollution and elderly mortality in Chile
Authors: Busch Pablo , Rocha Paulo , Lee Kyung Jin , Cifuentes Luis Abdón , Tai Xiao Hui
Published: August 2024

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is known to cause adverse health outcomes. Most of the evidence has been derived from developed countries, with lower pollution levels and different demographics and comorbidities from the rest of the world. Here we leverage new satellite-based measurements of PM2.5, combined with comprehensive public records in Chile, to study the effect of PM2.5pollution on elderly mortality. We find that a 10μg/m3monthly increase in PM2.5exposure is associated with a 1.7% increase (95% C.I.: 1.1–2.4%) in all-cause mortality for individuals aged 75+. Satellite-based measurements allow us to comprehensively investigate heterogeneous effects. We find remarkably similar effect sizes across baseline exposure, rural and urban areas, income, and over time, demonstrating consistency in the evidence on mortality effects of PM2.5exposure. The most notable source of heterogeneity is geographical, with effects closer to 5% in the center-south and in the metropolitan area.
A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis provide evidence for an effect of acute physical activity on cognition in young adults
Authors: Garrett Jordan , Chak Carly , Bullock Tom , Giesbrecht Barry
Published: August 2024

Physical exercise is a potential intervention for enhancing cognitive function across the lifespan. However, while studies employing long-term exercise interventions consistently show positive effects on cognition, studies using single acute bouts have produced mixed results. Here, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the impact of acute exercise on cognitive task performance in healthy young adults. A Bayesian hierarchical model quantified probabilistic evidence for a modulatory relationship by synthesizing 651 effect sizes from 113 studies from PsychInfo and Google Scholar representing 4,390 participants. Publication bias was mitigated using the trim-and-fill method. Acute exercise was found to have a small beneficial effect on cognition (g = 0.13 ± 0.04; BF = 3.67) and decrease reaction time. A meta-analysis restricted to executive function tasks revealed improvements in working memory and inhibition. Meta-analytic estimates were consistent across multiple priors and likelihood functions. Physical activities were categorized based on exercise type (e.g., cycling) because many activities have aerobic and anaerobic components, but this approach may limit comparison to studies that categorize activities based on metabolic demands. The current study provides an updated synthesis of the existing literature and insights into the robustness of acute exercise-induced effects on cognition. Funding provided by the United States Army Research Office.
Multifunctional Electrocatalysts – Electronic Structure and Surface Redox Chemistry
Authors: Karmakar Arun , Madhu Ragunath , Roy Suprobhat Singha , Kundu Subrata
Published: August 2024

Having knowledge of the redox behaviour and pH-dependent correlations of active metal species is vital for predicting product formation in electrocatalysis. A combination of thermodynamics and reaction kinetics is essential towards the design of effective multifunctional electrocatalysts. Electronic interactions between catalysts and intermediates play a critical role in predicting product outcomes. This chapter provides insights into catalyst redox chemistry and electronic structures, enabling the development of sustainable multifunctional electrocatalysts for diverse applications in the future.
Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Chongdar S. , Pal S. , Bhaumik A.
Published: August 2024

With the aim of bringing future renewable energy resources into reality, searching for effective bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting, i.e. both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), can be considered pivotal. On the other hand, water electrolysis is being examined as an ideal technique to produce hydrogen on a massive scale. So far, most water electrolysers work effectively using either acidic or alkaline media. However, from the industrial perspective, today the development of noble metal-free, stable electrocatalysts for overall water splitting in neutral media is of paramount interest. This chapter discusses recent developments in bifunctional electrocatalysts. Particular attention is paid to cobalt-based, metal–organic framework (MOF)-based bifunctional electrocatalysts and those that work efficiently in neutral media. An example is presented with a Co–TDC electrocatalyst, obtained from thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, which exhibited a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at 1.96 V in 1 M phosphate-buffered saline solution, with almost 24 h stability for overall water splitting.
Bifunctional Electrocatalysts – Design Strategies from Theoretical and Computational Studies
Authors: Cepitis Ritums , Kosimov Akmal , Ivaništšev Vladislav , Kongi Nadezda
Published: August 2024

The development of bifunctional electrocatalysts is a challenging task, requiring strong interconnections between theoretical and practical approaches. This chapter provides a “dictionary” for information transfer between theoreticians and experimentalists. Further, it overviews “predictive” and “explanatory” research approaches to formulating design strategies for discovering bifunctional electrocatalysts. Comparing the pros and cons of these workflows highlights opportunities for accelerating research on bifunctional electrocatalysts.
Fulminic acid: a quasibent spectacle
Authors: Allen Ashley M. , Olive Laura N. , Gonzalez Franco Patricia A. , Barua Shiblee R. , Allen Wesley D. , Schaefer Henry F.
Published: August 2024

The 200-year problem of the structure and vibrations of HCNO is solved by pushing electronic structure theory through AE-CCSDTQ(P)/CBS + MVD1.
Strong anapole–plasmon coupling in dielectric–metallic hybrid nanostructures
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Wu Suze , Yang Weimin , Tian Xiaojun
Published: August 2024

The nanoscale ampification of light–matter interactions exhibits profound potential in multiple scientific fields, such as physics, chemistry, surface science, materials science, and nanophotonics.
Carbon negative biochar systems contribute to sustainable urban green infrastructure: a critical review
Authors: Senadheera Sachini Supunsala , Withana Piumi Amasha , Lim Juin Yau , You Siming , Chang Scott X. , Wang Fang , Rhee Jay Hyuk , Ok Yong Sik
Published: August 2024

Biochar from biomass and waste is a valuable component of various urban green infrastructures, including green roofs, permeable pavements, green walls, and green parking lots.
Discovery and optimisation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonists
Authors: Bobrovs Raitis , Terentjeva Svetlana , Olafsen Ninni Elise , Dambrauskas Zilvinas , Gulbinas Antanas , Maimets Toivo , Teino Indrek , Jirgensons Aigars , Matthews Jason , Jaudzems Kristaps
Published: August 2024

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a versatile ligand-dependent transcription factor involved in diverse biological processes, from metabolic adaptations to immune system regulation.
Sprayed water-based lignin colloidal nanoparticle-cellulose nanofibril hybrid films with UV-blocking ability
Authors: Chen Shouzheng , Harder Constantin , Ribca Iuliana , Sochor Benedikt , Erbes Elisabeth , Bulut Yusuf , Pluntke Luciana , Meinhardt Alexander , Schummer Bernhard , Oberthür Markus , Keller Thomas F. , Söderberg L. Daniel , Techert Simone A. , Stierle Andreas , Müller-Buschbaum Peter , Johansson Mats K. G. , Navarro Julien , Roth Stephan V.
Published: August 2024

UV shielding (blue arrow) and visible light transparency (visible light spectrum arrow) of the cellulose nanofibril/lignin colloid thin film are sketched. A SEM image with a sketch of the nanocomposite and hydrated lignin nanoparticle are shown.
Synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots using bio-waste powder for photo-degradation of dyes: simulation and mechanistic study
Authors: Gupta Pranshu Kumar , Ranganath Kalluri V. S.
Published: August 2024

Biowaste-derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs) offer a wide range of applications, including bioimaging, drug degradation and manufacturing of sensors, photodetectors and photosensitisers.
New chemistry of alkynyl trifluoroborates under transition metal catalyst-free conditions
Authors: Teng Shenghan , Zhou Jianrong Steve , Huang Wei
Published: August 2024

This review summarizes recent advances in alkynyl trifluoroborate chemistry, emphasizing their unique reactivity and stability in organic synthesis and biological applications under transition metal catalyst-free conditions.
Tailoring adsorbents for levodopa detection: a DFT study on Pt-encapsulated fullerene systems
Authors: Maxakato Wendy , Ogbogu Miracle N. , Adeleye Adebayo P. , Amodu Ismail O. , Benjamin Innocent , Edet Henry O.
Published: August 2024

Despite its effectiveness in managing the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, levodopa therapy is often accompanied by adverse effects that can significantly reduce patients' quality of life.
Rational design of graphdiyne-based single-atom catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction
Authors: Jiang Liyun , Zhao Mengdie , Yu Qi
Published: August 2024

Graphdiyne (GDY) has achieved great success in the application of two-dimensional carbon materials in recent years due to its excellent electrochemical catalytic capacity.
Methoxycarbonylation of diisobutylene into methyl isononanoate catalyzed by cobalt complexes dispersed by poly(ionic liquids)
Authors: Song Heyuan , Ding Mengjiao , Tian Zhaoxiong , Lei Shuangtai , Liu Hailong
Published: August 2024

The catalytic performance of cobalt complex catalysts coordinated with various poly(ionic liquids) for the methoxycarbonylation of diisobutene into methyl isononanoate was investigated.
Clozapine sensing through paper-based microfluidic sensors directly modified via electro-deposition and electro-polymerization
Authors: Ghanbari Mohammad Hossein , Biesalski Markus , Friedrich Oliver , Etzold Bastian J. M.
Published: August 2024

The electro-deposition of gold nanoparticles and electro-polymerization of l-cysteine are introduced for the first time for modifying the surface of the working electrode through a paper-based microfluidic sensor.
Mathematical model for conservation of biological diversity
Authors: Muhamediyeva D. T. , Safarova L. U. , Yusupova D.
Published: August 2024

This article discusses a mathematical model designed to analyze the dynamics of populations and their interactions in an ecosystem. The model is based on a system of Lotka-Volterra differential equations, extended to take into account additional environmental factors such as climate change, natural resource use, and the impact of anthropogenic factors. Creating a mathematical model for the conservation of biological diversity is a complex task that requires taking into account many factors and interactions between them. The model includes coefficients describing population growth rates, their interactions, and diffusion, which takes into account the spatial distribution of species. The study demonstrates the application of the model using the example of an ecosystem in the dry regions of Uzbekistan, where interactions between plant populations and parasitic insects are examined. The modeling results make it possible to predict changes in the ecosystem in response to various climatic and anthropogenic impacts, as well as to develop adaptation strategies for the conservation of biodiversity. The proposed model is a powerful tool for environmental research, allowing not only to understand current processes in ecosystems, but also to predict their future state. Thus, the model contributes to the development of effective measures for environmental protection and sustainable management of natural resources.
Identification of the major insect pests and their biological characteristics in apple orchards (Uzbekistan)
Authors: Boltabaev Adamboy , Mamarakhimov Oybek , Tangirov Nizom , Tursunova Shoxista , Turdalieva Khurmatoy , Alimov Atabek
Published: August 2024

The study presents biological characteristics of the major apple pests in Uzbekistan. For evaluating the key insects, field observation has been conducted. The in-situ results have identified six major apple pests in three selected research areas of the province. Thus, in this study, the biological behavior and potential harm of the determined pests on apple trees are provided. This field-based investigation helps to establish an integrated method to fight against those harmful pests and their devastating influence.
Technology for increasing pasture productivity by intensive grazing with animals in the Karnabchul steppe (Uzbekistan)
Authors: Bazarov Baxritdin , Rajamuradov Zaynitdin , Khayitov Davron , Ismayilova Markhamat , Aminjonov Sharifkul
Published: August 2024

The work presents information on the effect of livestock grazing on the biomass productivity of pastures, the chemical composition of biomass, and the amount of nutrients. In the study, it was determined that biomass productivity increases in pastures intensively grazed by livestock. Also, differences in the chemical composition of biomass were noted in intensively and lightly grazed pastures. It has been shown that the amount of nutrients in pastures intensively grazed by livestock is higher than these indicators of less grazed pastures by the 3rd year. As a result, planned grazing with livestock is based on maintaining the stability of pastures.
A conjugated equation of transport and diffusion of aerosol particles in the atmosphere considering the capture of particles by vegetation elements
Authors: Rajabov Tokhtasin , Mustafaev Bakhtiyor , Ibodov O’ktam , Boltayev Behruz
Published: August 2024

A mathematical model and a numerical algorithm to study the process of transfer and diffusion of harmful substances are discussed in this article. The proposed model considers the capture of particles by plant elements, which plays a significant role in the dynamics of the process under study. The proposed mathematical model monitors and forecasts the environmental conditions of industrial areas, and helps take measures to protect them from the negative impact of anthropogenous factor. To solve the problem posed, a numerical algorithm based on an implicit finite- difference scheme was developed with a high-order accuracy; it makes it possible to conduct computational experiments on a computer.
Study of the effect of alimentary biocorrectors on the physiological and biochemical parameters of laboratory rats of the Wistar line
Authors: Vasilenko L. I. , Grebenshchikov A. V. , Rodionova N. S. , Popov E. S. , Pozhidaeva E. A. , Dymovskikh Y. A.
Published: August 2024

Physiological and biochemical parameters of blood plasma of laboratory animals were evaluated when using, in addition to the main diet, a food substance with known biocorrecting properties - a probiotic emulsion administered orally, based on wheat germ oil and biomass of a consortium of lacto and bifidobacteria, including Str. thermophiles, B. bifidum, B. longum, B. adolescentis, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. fermentum. The object of experimental studies was male and female growing white rats of the Wistar line in the amount of 60 individuals, comprising 2 experimental and 2 control groups of 15 individuals each. Evaluation of the average values of physiological indicators showed an increase in the horizontal and vertical motor activity of the white rats of the experimental group by an average of 16-18 % and 60-70%, an increase in the number of examined minks by 10-12 %, a significant decrease in the level of grooming and defecation. It was established that the clinical and biochemical parameters of the blood plasma of white rats were within the physiological limits. The concentrations of total protein, glucose, high and low density lipoproteins, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase by group differed slightly. It was found that the concentration of total cholesterol and LDL in the test groups of females and males at the end of the experimental studies decreased by 2.1-2.2 % and 4.1-5.8 %. The bilirubinaikreatinin concentration was slightly reduced in the experimental group of females and males by 1.1-1.3 % and 2.1-4.2 %, respectively. A significant increase in hemoglobin and red blood cells by 2.6-7.1 % and 4.8-5.1 % was recorded.
Comparative assessment of the aquatic status of the species Acer in an urban environment
Authors: Chernyavskaya Irina , Ednich Evgeniya , Belous Oksana
Published: August 2024

The study of the water status of maple plants in terms of water scarcity, hydration, water retention capacity and transpiration intensity were carried out. It was determined that the parameters of water deficiency in plants varied on average from 18.3 % (July) to 29.3 % (August), and the increase in water deficiency in August is associated with elevated air temperatures against the background of ongoing drought. The hydration of plants varied in accordance with changes in water scarcity, in A. negundo and A. saccharinum high rates of hydration in August (at the level of July values) are most likely associated with low transpiration intensity in these species. It was found that from May to August, plants lost an average of 42 % of water, and A. pseudoplatanus and A. campestre have low water retention capacity throughout the observations. The lowest transpiration activity during the entire period of active vegetation is characteristic of A. saccharinum. As a result, the species we studied were divided into two large clusters – A. campestre in one, the other includes the remaining four species. Moreover, A. platanoides and A. saccharinum are more similar in terms of the characteristics of the water status. The change and nature of the manifestation of water deficiency, hydration of tissues and the intensity of transpiration are caused not only by the influence of environmental factors, but also by the species characteristics of maples.
The influence of liquid mineral fertilizers on the productivity of fodder beet in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Islamgulov Damir , Idrisova Aigul , Enikiev Rafik , Alimgafarov Rail , Kanbekov Ilsur
Published: August 2024

The paper presents data on the study of the effect of liquid mineral fertilizers on the productivity of fodder beet in the Republic of Bashkortostan on gray forest soils. The object of research was the Saharnaya rounded 0143 variety, zoned in the Ural region, its predecessor being winter wheat. An analysis was carried out of the dynamics of yield, dry matter content, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and ash under the influence of liquid mineral fertilizers -Isagri Vita and Izagri Bor. Results for the collection of feed units, digestible protein and feed protein units are shown. The yield and prospects for growing fodder beet using liquid mineral fertilizers in the Republic of Bashkortostan are assessed and the profitability of cultivation is calculated.