bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do AI models produce better weather forecasts than physics-based models? A quantitative evaluation case study of Storm Ciarán
Authors: Charlton-Perez Andrew J. , Dacre Helen F. , Driscoll Simon , Gray Suzanne L. , Harvey Ben , Harvey Natalie J. , Hunt Kieran M. R. , Lee Robert W. , Swaminathan Ranjini , Vandaele Remy , Volonté Ambrogio
Published: April 2024

There has been huge recent interest in the potential of making operational weather forecasts using machine learning techniques. As they become a part of the weather forecasting toolbox, there is a pressing need to understand how well current machine learning models can simulate high-impact weather events. We compare short to medium-range forecasts of Storm Ciarán, a European windstorm that caused sixteen deaths and extensive damage in Northern Europe, made by machine learning and numerical weather prediction models. The four machine learning models considered (FourCastNet, Pangu-Weather, GraphCast and FourCastNet-v2) produce forecasts that accurately capture the synoptic-scale structure of the cyclone including the position of the cloud head, shape of the warm sector and location of the warm conveyor belt jet, and the large-scale dynamical drivers important for the rapid storm development such as the position of the storm relative to the upper-level jet exit. However, their ability to resolve the more detailed structures important for issuing weather warnings is more mixed. All of the machine learning models underestimate the peak amplitude of winds associated with the storm, only some machine learning models resolve the warm core seclusion and none of the machine learning models capture the sharp bent-back warm frontal gradient. Our study shows there is a great deal about the performance and properties of machine learning weather forecasts that can be derived from case studies of high-impact weather events such as Storm Ciarán.
Developing countries can adapt to climate change effectively using nature-based solutions
Authors: Villamayor-Tomas Sergio , Bisaro Alexander , Moull Kevin , Albizua Amaia , Mank Isabel , Hinkel Jochen , Leppert Gerald , Noltze Martin
Published: April 2024

Evidence on the effectiveness of climate change adaptation interventions in low- and middle-income countries has been rapidly growing in recent years, particularly in the agricultural and coastal sectors. Here we address the question of whether results are consistent across intervention types, and risk reduction versus development-related outcomes using a systematic review of 363 empirical observations published in the scientific literature. Generally, we found more evidence of risk reduction outcomes in the coastal sector than in the agricultural sector, and more evidence of development-related outcomes in the agricultural sector. Further, results indicate that nature-based solutions have the strongest positive effects for both the coastal and agricultural sectors. Social/behavioural interventions in the coastal sector show negative effects on development-related outcomes that will need to be further tested. Taken together, our results highlight the opportunity for development and climate adaptation practitioners to promote adaptation interventions with co-benefits beyond risk reduction, particularly in the case of nature-based solutions.
Practical approaches in evaluating validation and biases of machine learning applied to mobile health studies
Authors: Allgaier Johannes , Pryss Rüdiger
Published: April 2024

Background

Machine learning (ML) models are evaluated in a test set to estimate model performance after deployment. The design of the test set is therefore of importance because if the data distribution after deployment differs too much, the model performance decreases. At the same time, the data often contains undetected groups. For example, multiple assessments from one user may constitute a group, which is usually the case in mHealth scenarios.

Methods

In this work, we evaluate a model’s performance using several cross-validation train-test-split approaches, in some cases deliberately ignoring the groups. By sorting the groups (in our case: Users) by time, we additionally simulate a concept drift scenario for better external validity. For this evaluation, we use 7 longitudinal mHealth datasets, all containing Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA). Further, we compared the model performance with baseline heuristics, questioning the essential utility of a complex ML model.

Results

Hidden groups in the dataset leads to overestimation of ML performance after deployment. For prediction, a user’s last completed questionnaire is a reasonable heuristic for the next response, and potentially outperforms a complex ML model. Because we included 7 studies, low variance appears to be a more fundamental phenomenon of mHealth datasets.

Conclusions

The way mHealth-based data are generated by EMA leads to questions of user and assessment level and appropriate validation of ML models. Our analysis shows that further research needs to follow to obtain robust ML models. In addition, simple heuristics can be considered as an alternative for ML. Domain experts should be consulted to find potentially hidden groups in the data.
Process characterization for tisane development using pomegranate waste: an herbal drink optimization strategy
Authors: Dewan Aastha , Dawra Sanya , Kaushik Nita , Singh Ajay , Thakur Sheetal , Kaur Sandeep , Xavier Janifer Raj
Published: April 2024

The present study aimed to utilize pomegranate waste in the form of its peel and seed for the development of an herbal extract called “tisane”.
Decorin in the spatial control of collagen mineralization
Authors: Bai Yuming , Wu Peng , Zhang Qiufang , Lin Feng , Hu Ling , Zhang Zhisheng , Huang Wenxia , Xiao Yin , Zuo Qiliang
Published: April 2024

Both COL I and pCOL I fibrils undergo nonhierarchical and hierarchical intrafibrillar mineralization in the PLIP system, respectively. However, DCN disrupts the mineralization process, indicating the inhibition of DCN in collagen mineralization.
Visible–ultraviolet dual-band photodetectors based on an all-inorganic CsPbCl3/p-GaN heterostructure
Authors: Ye Bingjie , Wang Boxiang , Gu Yan , Guo Jiarui , Zhang Xiumei , Qian Weiying , Zhang Xiangyang , Yang Guofeng , Gan Zhixing , Liu Yushen
Published: April 2024

All-inorganic metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have attracted increasing attention because of their high thermal stability and band gap tunability.
Elucidation of processing parameters for the reverse engineering of tablets
Authors: Choudhary Devendra , Kalyane Dnyaneshwar , Polaka Suryanarayana , Gupta Tanisha , Tekade Rakesh Kumar
Published: April 2024

Reverse engineering can assist in decoding the formula and manufacturing parameters employed in innovator formulations.
Polymer design via SHAP and Bayesian machine learning optimizes pDNA and CRISPR ribonucleoprotein delivery
Authors: Dalal Rishad J. , Oviedo Felipe , Leyden Michael C. , Reineke Theresa M.
Published: April 2024

We present the facile synthesis of a clickable polymer library with systematic variations in length, binary composition, pKa, and hydrophobicity (clog P) to optimize intracellular pDNA and CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) performance.
Short-term memory effects in the phototactic behavior of microalgae
Authors: Laroussi Taha , Jarrahi Mojtaba , Amselem Gabriel
Published: April 2024

We study the phototactic response of microalgae in response to consecutive light stimuli. At time scales of a couple of minutes, algae keep a memory of the past, and integrate over consecutive stimuli.
Developing an in vitro model of haematoma for study of intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Crilly Siobhan , Tapia Victor Sebastian , Bawn Carlo , Tirella Annalisa
Published: April 2024

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating neurovascular attack with limited treatment options.
Exploring therapy transport from implantable medical devices using experimentally informed computational methods
Authors: Trask Lesley , Ward Niamh A. , Tarpey Ruth , Beatty Rachel , Wallace Eimear , O'Dwyer Joanne , Ronan William , Duffy Garry P. , Dolan Eimear B.
Published: April 2024

An experimentally informed device model capturing reduced factor transport resulting from the fibrous capsule (FC) and recovered using fluid flow.
Heterogeneous catalytic reactions with double occupation of binding sites
Authors: Zhdanov Vladimir P.
Published: April 2024

The author presents kinetic equations describing elementary steps of heterogeneous catalytic reactions occurring with single and double occupation of binding sites.
Effect of Cu modification to Ru/HZSM-5 catalysts on the catalytic combustion of vinyl chloride
Authors: Li Mingqi , Wang Yunyun , Ding Min , Zhan Wangcheng , Wang Li , Dai Qiguang , Guo Yun , Wang Aiyong , Guo Yanglong
Published: April 2024

The redox capacity of Ru–2Cu/HZSM-5 catalyst is improved by Cu modification, resulting in increased activity for catalytic combustion of VC.
Construction of phase-separated Co/MnO synergistic catalysts and integration onto sponge for rapid removal of multiple contaminants
Authors: Liu Mengting , Zhang Wanyu , Ni Ruiting , Wang Zhenxiao , Zhao Hongyao , Zhong Xiu , Wang Yanyun , Shang Danhong , Guo Zengjing , Ang Edison Huixiang , Yang Fu
Published: April 2024

Novel metallic Co integration onto MnO nanorods enhances catalyst efficiency for wastewater treatment.
Enabling white color tunability in complex 3D-printed composites by using lead-free self-trapped exciton 2D perovskite/carbon quantum dot inks
Authors: Luangwanta Tawanwit , Turren-Cruz Silver-Hamil , Masi Sofia , Das Adhikari Samrat , Recalde Ileana B. , Zanatta Marcileia , Iglesias Diego , Rodríguez-Pereira Jhonatan , Gené-Marimon Santi , Martinez-Ferrero Eugenia , Kaowphong Sulawan , Palomares Emilio , Sans Victor , Gualdrón-Reyes Andrés F. , Mora-Seró Iván
Published: April 2024

This work reports a facile preparation of lead-free self-trapped exciton 2D A2SnX4 perovskite/carbon quantum dot inks with tunable white-light emission for luminescent 3D printed composites, and potential application in optoelectronic devices.
Amine adducts of triallylborane as highly reactive allylborating agents for Cu(i)-catalyzed allylation of chiral sulfinylimines
Authors: Alexeev Michael S. , Strelkova Tatiana V. , Ilyin Michael M. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Bespalov Ivan A. , Medvedev Michael G. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Kuznetsov Nikolai Yu.
Published: April 2024

Convenient, atom-efficient allylation reagents with high selectivity and tunable reactivity, applicable to scale-up synthesis of homoallylamines.
Cellulose/silica composite microtubular superfoam with excellent flame retardancy, thermal insulation and ablative resistance
Authors: Han Ding , Sun Xiankai , Zhang Shichao , Wu Linghao , Ai Bing , Sun Haoran , Chen Yufeng
Published: April 2024

Cellulose/SiO2-based composite microtube superfoam exhibits excellent flame retardant, thermal insulation and ablative resistance.
Enhanced photocatalytic performance of ZnO under visible light by co-doping of Ta and C using hydrothermal method
Authors: Luu Thi Viet Ha , Nguyen Hong Yen Xuan , Nguyen Quoc Thang , Nguyen Quang Bac , Nguyen Thi Ha Chi , Pham Ngoc Chuc , Nguyen Xuan Dung , Nguyen Trung Kien , Dao Ngoc Nhiem
Published: April 2024

C, Ta-co-doped ZnO nanoparticles (Eg = 2.88 eV), prepared by hydrothermal method, were used as a photocatalyst under visible light to remove organic contaminants in aquatic environments.
Influence of the coagulation bath on the nanostructure of cellulose films regenerated from an ionic liquid solution
Authors: Tiihonen Lassi V. , Bernardo Gabriel , Dalgliesh Robert , Mendes Adélio , Parnell Steven R.
Published: April 2024

The structure of cellulose films prepared by nonsolvent-induced phase separation in coagulation baths of different mixtures and temperatures. High water volume fractions in the coagulation bath result in a highly reproducible gel-like structure with inhomogeneities.
Smart materials for flexible electronics and devices: hydrogel
Authors: Dutta Taposhree , Chaturvedi Pavan , Llamas-Garro Ignacio , Velázquez-González Jesús Salvador , Dubey Rakesh , Mishra Satyendra Kumar
Published: April 2024

In recent years, flexible conductive materials have attracted considerable attention for their potential use in flexible energy storage devices, touch panels, sensors, memristors, and other applications.
Wet adhesive hydrogels based on niobium carbide for experimental research of oral mucosal impairment
Authors: Chen Jiayuan , Ren Junyu , Wu Yingjie , Hu Narisu , Zhao Fang , Zhang Lin
Published: April 2024

Illustration of the mechanism of NbC/TA–GelMA hydrogel with multifunctional properties for potential application in oral mucosal impairment.
The influence of hydrogen bonding on the structure of organic–inorganic hybrid catalysts and its application in the solvent-free epoxidation of α-olefins
Authors: Ju Hong-Bin , Zhang Li-Zhi , Li De-Bao , Geng Tao , Jiang Ya-Jie , Wang Ya-Kui
Published: April 2024

Different reaction routes with the influence of hydrogen bonding and without hydrogen bonding.
Upcycling of lithium cobalt oxide to LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2
Authors: Kipfer Tristan , Gamarra Jorge D. , Ma Chunyan , Rensmo Amanda , Altenschmidt Laura , Svärd Michael , Forsberg Kerstin , Younesi Reza
Published: April 2024

Upcycling of lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) into lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC111) cathode material using acetone antisolvent crystallization of citrate leachate followed by sol–gel synthesis with complementary metal acetate or sulfate salts.
Enhanced hydrogen production via assisted biomass gasification using lithium manganate as a bifunctional material
Authors: Hernández-Fontes Carlos , Wang Nan , Gómez-Garduño Nayeli , Pfeiffer Heriberto
Published: April 2024

This work shows that Li2MnO3 acts as an oxygen donor during glucose pyrolysis and gasification processes, enhancing H2 production. Moreover, a CO oxidation-capture process occurs during gasification, improving the H2/COx ratio below 550 °C.
Highly boosted energy storage performance of few-layered MoS2 utilized for improved electrode fabrication: experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Abdulhamid Zeyad M. , Lokhande A. C. , Pasanaje Adewale H. , Choi Daniel , Singh Nirpendra , Polychronopoulou Kyriaki , Anjum Dalaver H.
Published: April 2024

Reducing the layer thickness of molybdenum disulfide promotes charge transfer (green color) from K to Mo and S atoms, which enhances its energy storage performance.
Using a biocatalyzed reaction cycle for transient and pH-dependent host–guest supramolecular hydrogels
Authors: Su Bo , Chi Teng , Chen Weike , Xian Sijie , Liu Dongping , Addonizio Christopher J. , Xiang Yuanhui , Webber Matthew J.
Published: April 2024

A transient mechanism to achieve gelation in host–guest supramolecular hydrogels is demonstrated by acidification and pH correction via indirect control from a biocatalytic enzyme network.
Efficient and stable InP quantum-dot light-emitting diodes formed by premixing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate into ZnMgO
Authors: Park Yeseul , Lee Minhyung , Seo Hansol , Shin Doyoon , Hahm Donghyo , Bae Wan Ki , Kim Jaehoon , Kwak Jeonghun
Published: April 2024

To achieve a simplified method instead of resin-induced post-treatment, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, a component of the resin, was pre-mixed with ZnMgO nanoparticles, leading to enhanced efficiency and lifetime.
Polar nematic phases with enantiotropic ferro- and antiferroelectric behaviour
Authors: Mrukiewicz Mateusz , Czerwiński Michał , Podoliak Natalia , Repček Dalibor , Perkowski Paweł , Mandle Richard J. , Węgłowska Dorota
Published: April 2024

The first synthesized liquid crystal compounds with enantiotropic ferro- and antiferroelectric nematic phases.
Evaluating Hearing Status and Word Recognition Ability in the Hmong Population Using Four Validated Monosyllabic White Hmong Dialect Word Recognition Tests
Authors: Lor Maichou , O'Donnell Elizabeth , Brown Roger , Mravec Amanda E. , Misurelli Sara M.
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

The study's aims were (a) to evaluate hearing status and (b) word recognition ability of Hmong speakers using four validated monosyllabic word recognition tests in the White Hmong dialect and (c) to assess the relationship between the participant's language and the average word recognition percent correct scores, adjusting for age, gender, and degree of hearing loss.

Method:

Participants listened to two randomly assigned validated Hmong word lists (male/female talker) for each ear. Pure-tone air- and bone-conduction thresholds as well as word recognition ability were measured. Descriptive statistics were calculated to analyze the percent correct of word lists and classify hearing status. A nonparametric regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the participant's language and the average word recognition percent correct scores, adjusting for age, gender, and degree of hearing loss.

Results:

Forty-eight Hmong (25 females, 23 males;
M
age
= 44.4) participated in this study. Thirty-three participants had hearing loss in at least one ear, and 15 had hearing within normal limits bilaterally. Participants with normal, mild, or steeply sloping hearing loss reached an average word recognition score of > 94% on Hmong lists by both male and female talkers. Participants with moderate-to-severe hearing loss scored 68% on average for the male talker Hmong lists and 60% on average for the female talker Hmong lists. Gender was significantly positively associated with average word recognition percent correct on the female word lists (
b
= −0.224,
p
= .047) but not statistically significant for the male word lists (
b
= 7.579,
p
= .141).

Conclusion:

Findings provide support for the use of the four Hmong word lists in clinical settings.
Dynamical modelling and the origin of gas turbulence in z ∼ 4.5 galaxies
Authors: Roman-Oliveira F. , Rizzo F. , Fraternali F.
Published: April 2024

Context. In recent years, a growing number of regularly rotating galaxy discs have been found at z ≥ 4. Such systems provide us with the unique opportunity to study the properties of dark matter (DM) halos at these early epochs, the turbulence within the interstellar medium and the evolution of scaling relations.

Aims. Here, we investigate the dynamics of four gas discs in galaxies at z ∼ 4.5 observed with ALMA in the [CII] 158 μm fine-structure line. We aim to derive the structural properties of the gas, stars and DM halos of the galaxies and to study the mechanisms driving the turbulence in high-z discs.

Methods. We decomposed the rotation curves into baryonic and DM components within the extent of the [CII] discs, that is, 3 to 5 kpc. Furthermore, we used the gas velocity dispersion profiles as a diagnostic tool in investigating the mechanisms driving the turbulence in the discs.

Results. We obtain total stellar, gas and DM masses in the ranges of log(M/M⊙) = 10.3 − 11.0, 9.8 − 11.3, and 11.2 − 13.3, respectively. We find dynamical evidence in all four galaxies for the presence of compact stellar components conceivably, stellar bulges. The turbulence present in the galaxies appears to be primarily driven by stellar feedback, negating the necessity for large-scale gravitational instabilities. Finally, we investigate the position of our galaxies in the context of local scaling relations, in particular the stellar-to-halo mass and Tully–Fisher analogue relations.
AstroSat observations of interacting galaxies NGC 7469 and IC 5283
Authors: Samantaray A. S. , Jassal H. K. , Singh K. P. , Dewangan G. C.
Published: April 2024

Aims.We carry out deep near-ultrviolet (NUV) and far-ultrviolet (FUV) imaging of an interacting galaxy system, comprised of a Seyfert type 1 galaxy NGC 7469 and its companion IC 5283. Our aim is to resolve and map the star-forming regions in the outer arms and look for signs of interaction between the two galaxies.

Methods.We used AstroSat Ultra Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) to obtain NUV and FUV images of NGC 7469 in a range of filters. We have carried out photometry of star-forming regions in the two galaxies and found their spatial distributions. We also obtained the distributions of star formation rates (SFR) in NGC 7469 and IC 5283 using the estimates obtained from the FUV and NUV bands. We also carried out Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests to look for differences in the SFRs in the two galaxies. We derived the spectral energy distribution (SED), leading to the determination of physical parameters, including the overall SFR, stellar mass (M*), dust mass (MDust), and specific star formation rates (sSFRs) in both the galaxies.

Results.Our NUV and FUV images show the presence of an outer spiral arm that is better resolved. We have identified 33 new star-forming regions out of 51 total identified in the UVIT composite image. Enhanced star formation activity is observed to coincide with the interaction, and KS tests show that there are no significant differences in the SFR distributions of NGC 7469 and IC 5283, indicating that the interaction between the galaxies has not influenced their star formation processes differently. The SED plots and the photometric results demonstrate that most of the star formation activity is confined inside the central starburst (SB) ring.
The puzzling orbital residuals of XTE J1710–281: Is a Jovian planet orbiting the binary system?
Authors: Iaria R. , Di Salvo T. , Anitra A. , Miceli C. , Leone W. , Maraventano C. , Barra F. , Riggio A. , Sanna A. , Manca A. , Burderi L.
Published: April 2024

Aims. XTE J1710−281 is a transient eclipsing binary system with a period close to 3.28 h that hosts a neutron star. The average eclipse duration is 420 s, and eclipse arrival times reported in the literature span from 1999 to 2017. A previous analysis of the eclipse arrival times using the eclipse timing technique revealed a complex pattern of delays, indicating the presence of three orbital glitches. These glitches correspond to sudden variations in the orbital period and allow for the identification of four distinct epochs, during which the orbital period derivative was estimated to be −1.8 × 10−12 s s−1, 0.07 × 10−12 s s−1, −1.8 × 10−12 s s−1, and 0.09 × 10−12 s s−1, respectively.

Methods. We reanalyzed the 78 eclipse arrival times spanning 18 years utilizing the eclipse timing technique to derive the corresponding delays as a function of time.

Results. We find that the observed delays align well with a fitting model that employs an eccentric sine function characterized by an amplitude of 6.1 ± 0.5 s, an eccentricity of 0.38 ± 0.17, and a period of 17.1 ± 1.5 years. Additionally, we identified the orbital period to be 3.28106345(13) h, with a reference epoch of T0 = 54112.83200(2) MJD. We obtained an upper limit to the orbital period derivative of 3.6 × 10−13 s s−1.

Conclusions. From the average value of the eclipse duration, we estimate that the companion star has a mass of 0.22 M⊙ for a neutron star mass of 1.4 M⊙ and that the inclination of the source is 78.1−1.2+1.5°. The companion star is in thermal equilibrium. The orbital period derivative is consistent with a conservative mass transfer scenario, where the angular momentum loss due to magnetic braking dominates over gravitational radiation angular momentum loss if the former is present. The eccentric modulation can be explained by a third body with a mass of 2.7 Jovian masses, orbiting with a revolution period close to 17 years and an eccentricity of 0.38.
X-shooter spectroscopy of Liller 1 giant stars
Authors: Alvarez Garay D. A. , Fanelli C. , Origlia L. , Pallanca C. , Mucciarelli A. , Chiappino L. , Crociati C. , Lanzoni B. , Ferraro F. R. , Rich R. M. , Dalessandro E.
Published: April 2024

We present the first comprehensive chemical study of a representative sample of 27 luminous red giant branch (RGB) stars belonging to Liller 1, a complex stellar system in the Galactic bulge. This study is based on medium-resolution near-infrared spectra acquired with X-shooter at the Very Large Telescope. We found a subpopulation counting 22 stars with subsolar metallicity (⟨[Fe/H]⟩ = −0.31 ± 0.02 and 1σ dispersion of 0.08 dex) and with enhanced [α/Fe], [Al/Fe], and [K/Fe] that likely formed early and quickly from gas that was mainly enriched by type II supernovae, and a metal-rich population counting 5 stars with supersolar metallicity (⟨[Fe/H]⟩ = +0.22 ± 0.03 and 1σ dispersion of 0.06 dex) and roughly solar-scaled [α/Fe], [Al/Fe], and [K/Fe] that formed at later epochs from gas that was also enriched by type Ia supernovae. Moreover, both subpopulations show enhanced [Na/Fe], as in the bulge field, about solar-scaled [V/Fe], and depletion of [C/Fe] and 12C/13C with respect to the solar values. This indicates that mixing and extra-mixing processes during the RGB evolution also occur at very high metallicities. Notably, no evidence of a Na−O anticorrelation, which is considered the fingerprint of genuine globular clusters, has been found. This challenges any formation scenarios that invoke the accretion of a molecular cloud or an additional stellar system onto a genuine globular cluster. The results of this study underline the strong chemical similarity between Liller 1 and Terzan 5 and support the hypothesis that these complex stellar systems might be fossil fragments of the epoch of Galactic bulge formation.
Zwischen Reels und Insights – Social-Media-Strategie für Praxen
Authors: Liers Jessica , Kampe Swantje
Published: April 2024

In der digitalen Ära gewinnt die Rolle von Social Media für Physiotherapiepraxen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Doch welche Chancen und Möglichkeiten eröffnen sich, wenn Therapeut*innen gezielt Social-Media-Plattformen wie Facebook und Instagram nutzen? Wie kann das Potenzial der sozialen Medien bestmöglich genutzt werden?
Optimale Reize setzen – Reha nach Hamstring-Verletzungen
Authors: Kotkowski David , Oberhuber Daniel , Pingitore Emilio , Kotkowski Peter
Published: April 2024

Im Fußball und in anderen Sportarten häufen sich Hamstring-Verletzungen. Das Hauptziel der Reha ist es, dass Sportler*innen mit verringertem Reruptur-Risiko wettkampffähig werden. Dabei gilt es die Muskulatur stufenweise einem ausreichend hohen Reiz auszusetzen, um eine sichere und vollständige Überbrückung der Narbe zu gewährleisten.
Patient perception of meander-like versus radial breast
ultrasound
Authors: Brasier-Lutz Pascale , Jäggi-Wickes Claudia , Schädelin Sabine , Burian Rosemarie , Schoenenberger Cora-Ann , Zanetti-Dällenbach Rosanna
Published: April 2024

Background Radial breast ultrasound scanning (r-US) and commonly used
meander-like ultrasound scanning (m-US) have recently been shown to be equally
sensitive and specific with regard to the detection of breast malignancies. As
patient satisfaction has a strong influence on patient compliance and thus on
the quality of health care, we compare here the two US scanning techniques with
regard to patient comfort during breast ultrasound (BUS) and analyze whether the
patient has a preference for either scanning technique.

Materials and Methods Symptomatic and asymptomatic women underwent both
m-US and r-US scanning by two different examiners. Patient comfort and
preference were assessed using a visual analog scale-based (VAS) questionnaire
and were compared using a Mann-Whitney U test.

Results Analysis of 422 VAS-based questionnaires showed that perceived
comfort with r-US (r-VAS 8 cm, IQR [5.3, 9.1]) was significantly higher compared
to m-US (m-VAS 5.6 cm, IQR [5.2, 7.4]) (p < 0.001). 53.8% of patients had no
preference, 44.3% of patients clearly preferred r-US, whereas only 1.9% of
patients preferred m-US. Conclusion: Patients experience a higher level of
comfort with r-US and favor r-US over m-US. As the diagnostic accuracy of r-US
has been shown to be comparable to that of m-US and the time required for
examination is shorter, a switch from m-US to r-US in routine clinical practice
might be beneficial. R-US offers considerable potential to positively affect
patient compliance but also to save examination time and thus costs.
Osteonecrose do tálus pós-quimioterapia: Relato de caso
Authors: Barros Larissa Macedo , Cortez Pedro Paulo Ribeiro , Souza Emanuella Vaccarezza de , Mendes Eugênio Cesar
Published: April 2024

Este trabalho descreveu um caso de osteonecrose do tálus em um adolescente de 13 anos do sexo feminino com diagnóstico de leucemia linfocítica aguda do tipo T, submetido à quimioterapia e tratamento com glicocorticoides, atendido no Setor de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da nossa instituição. Após aproximadamente seis meses de tratamento, a paciente começou a queixar-se de dores esporádicas no tornozelo esquerdo com piora progressiva. A cintilografia óssea e ressonância magnética dos tornozelos evidenciaram a presença de osteonecrose avascular do corpo do tálus bilateral. Optou-se pelo tratamento não cirúrgico com analgesia e anti-inflamatórios, além de retirada da carga associada à utilização de imobilização do tipo tutor extramedular por quatro semanas, seguida por reabilitação fisioterápica com analgesia e aumento progressivo da carga.
Changes in well-being among socially isolated older people during the COVID-19 pandemic: An outcome-wide analysis
Authors: Kung Claryn S. J. , Steptoe Andrew
Published: April 2024

Older adults experienced major changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing restrictions, and it might be expected that those who were already socially isolated before the pandemic were particularly vulnerable. We apply an outcome-wide longitudinal design on 4,636 participants (mean age 66.8 y) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, observed in 2018/19 and early (June/July 2020) and later (November/December 2020) in the pandemic. Social isolation is defined using an index including marital status, social contact, and social participation in 2018/19. Using mixed models, we compare changes in well-being, health, health behaviors, financial well-being, and Internet use, between isolated and nonisolated participants. From before to during the pandemic, isolated participants (29%) experienced smaller declines in life satisfaction and quality of life and a smaller increase in loneliness. They showed greater declines in smoking and physical activity and were more likely to remain worried about their future financial situation. They also did not change in their likelihood of regular Internet use, contrasting with nonisolated participants who increased in this regard. The groups followed a similar trend for general health and sleep quality (no change), depression and anxiety (increase), and expectations of future financial difficulties (decrease). Although isolated older adults generally show poorer outcomes than their socially connected counterparts, they were somewhat protected during the pandemic on some fronts. Our findings highlight the need to continually care for isolated older adults but also to be attentive in times of unexpected crises to those experiencing extreme changes related to necessary policy responses.
Protein engineering a PhotoRNR chimera based on a unifying evolutionary apparatus among the natural classes of ribonucleotide reductases
Authors: Song David Y. , Stubbe JoAnne , Nocera Daniel G.
Published: April 2024

Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) are essential enzymes that catalyze the de novo transformation of nucleoside 5′-di(tri)phosphates [ND(T)Ps, where N is A, U, C, or G] to their corresponding deoxynucleotides. Despite the diversity of factors required for function and the low sequence conservation across RNRs, a unifying apparatus consolidating RNR activity is explored. We combine aspects of the protein subunit simplicity of class II RNR with a modified version of
Escherichia coli
class la photoRNRs that initiate radical chemistry with light to engineer a mimic of a class II enzyme. The design of this RNR involves fusing a truncated form of the active site containing α subunit with the functionally important C-terminal tail of the radical-generating β subunit to render a chimeric RNR. Inspired by a recent cryo-EM structure, a [Re] photooxidant is located adjacent to Y
356
[β], which is an essential component of the radical transport pathway in class I RNRs. Combination of this RNR photochimera with cytidine diphosphate (CDP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and light resulted in the generation of Y
356
• along with production of deoxycytidine diphosphate (dCDP) and cytosine. The photoproducts reflect an active site chemistry consistent with both the consensus mechanism of RNR and chemistry observed when RNR is inactivated by mechanism-based inhibitors in the active site. The enzymatic activity of the RNR photochimera in the absence of any β metallocofactor highlights the adaptability of the 10-stranded αβ barrel finger loop to support deoxynucleotide formation and accommodate the design of engineered RNRs.
Verbal marking, intransitivity, and argument structure
Authors: Chen Cheng-Fu
Published: April 2024

This paper provides an intransitive analysis for an array of predicates which exhibit specific marking patterns in
Budai Rukai. Contra previous lexical approaches, it is argued that a verbal prefix found on the predicates instantiates a
functional head v, which constructs an intransitive vP. Its spell-out form is conditioned by its
interaction with other higher functional categories, including tense, causative, passive, and complementizer. With respect to
intransitivity, the resulting vP does not admit an accusative object, and it exhibits unergative, unaccusative,
and anticausative properties. Regarding argument structure, these predicates are mostly one-place predicates. The sole argument is
the grammatical subject which usually denotes an affected theme or an experiencer.
Considering the human-animal bond in developing One Health guidelines and standards for companion animals in humanitarian crises
Authors: O’Carroll Andrew , La Jeunesse Carrie , Lawry Lynn Lieberman
Published: April 2024

Establishing international One Health guidelines and standards for the evacuation and care of small companion animals in humanitarian crises is essential to protect the overall well-being of people and pets impacted, improve efficacy and safety of response operations, safeguard public health and biosecurity, and mitigate the impacts of free-roaming pets on the environment and biodiversity. Given predictably larger scale and more frequent crises due to climate change and human conflict or violence, it is increasingly important to consider and plan for the impacts that invariably result when both people and pets are displaced.

One Health impact statement

Currently, there is a prominent focus on One Health approaches to plan for and respond to emerging infectious disease threats as they impact human physical and public health. Much less attention has been paid to all-hazards disaster preparedness and planning (DPP) that comprehensively addresses the myriad additional ways humans, other animals, and the environment are impacted by co-displacement of pets and people.

If applied, One Health approaches to DPP for humanitarian crises would address a broader range of risks and harms and build the cross-disciplinary collaborations and platforms necessary to truly plan and prepare for “all hazards.” This approach also provides an exceptional opportunity to elevate One Health understanding among both professionals and the public when disaster planning initiatives are developed with, and shared among, communities around the world.
Final report of APMP.AUV.V-S2: supplementary comparison on calibration of laser tachometers using mechanical generators or optical simulators
Authors: Qiao Sun , Lei Du , Yulin Chen , Shan Cui , Jianqiang Mou , Ruiz Manuel M , Digay Sarah Jane T , Rattanangkul Pairoj , Bore Calvin , Mostafa Aly Ibrahim , Hawary Mohamed El
Published: April 2024

Main text

This is the final report for APMP supplementary comparison APMP.AUV.V-S2 in the area of 'vibration' (quantity of rotational speed). The aim of this comparison was to compare primary measurements of rotational speed in the range from 30 r/min to 99 996 r/min. Six Metrology Institutes from two RMOs, APMP and AFRIMETS, have participated in the comparison with the National Institute of Metrology, P.R. China as the pilot lab. NIM, NMC and NIS used a mechanical generator for calibration, with expanded uncertainties in the order from 10-3 to 10-5. NML, NIMT and KEBS used an optical simulator for calibration, with expanded uncertainties in the order from 10-4 to 10-5. All the participating laboratories provided their calibration results, which were all consistent within their declared expanded uncertainties for the measurement results. Each participant contributed to the SCRVs calculated for five rotational speed comparison values of two laser tachometers, NLYZ-02 and 03, except that NIS's measurement results of NLYZ-03 are invalid. Smaller measurement uncertainties than the order of 10-5 for the calibration of laser tachometers are difficult to achieve for either mechanical generators or optical simulators with the current technology of rotational speed standard devices and laser tachometers.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCAUV, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Electron acceleration influenced by sinh-Gaussian laser pulses in a prepared ion channel
Authors: Ghotra Harjit Singh
Published: April 2024

The acceleration of electron in a produced ion channel is studied theoretically using a sinh-Gaussian (shG) laser pulse with radial polarization. Compared to Gaussian laser pulses, shG laser pulses propagate differently, presenting as a bright ring encircling a dark hollow core that inhibits early focusing and promotes self-defocusing. They can therefore be used to accelerate electrons to extremely high energies. The electron energy gain is influenced by the laser pulse decentred parameter linked to the shG function, however, the ion stream’s electric field prevents the transverse oscillations from pushing electrons out of the interaction zone. With a decentred parameter of ∼2.15 and a laser pulse intensity value of ∼1020 Wcm
−2 incident on density of ∼ 1022 m
−3, where the incident pulse phase is ψ
0 = 0, the combined effect of ion channelling and radially polarized (RP) shG laser pulses leads to a significant enhancement of electron energy gain within the ion density channel to the GeV level.
Sliding wear study of the Inconel-625 clad deposits by microwave heating on SS-304
Authors: Singh Gurbhej , Bansal Amit , Vasudev Hitesh , Mishra Vishwesh
Published: April 2024

In this present study, the Inconel-625 powder was used for the surface modification of SS-304 alloy by utilizing the concept of a hybrid microwave heating technique. The XRD analysis shows the presence of various carbide and Laves phases in addition to a Ni-Cr-Fe-based face-centred-cubic matrix in the modified clad layer. The microstructural analysis revealed that the developed clad was metallurgically bonded with the substrate and free from any interfacial cracks. The modified layer mainly consists of two regions: cellular (matrix) regions and grain boundaries (GBs) regions. The average porosity in the modified clad layer was evaluated to be about 1.65%. The average microhardness (440 ± 45 HV) of the modified clad layer was observed to be about 2.1 times the base metal microhardness (210 ± 10 HV). The clad specimens exhibited a considerably lower wear rate (about 2.8 times less weight loss) than the substrate SS-304 during the dry sliding wear test. The shallow grooves, craters, and material debonding were the typical fracture features associated with the clad surfaces during rubbing when examined under a scanning electron machine apparatus.
Imprints of cloud of strings and quintessence field on compact stellar configurations
Authors: Ditta Allah , Asia Munaza , Mustafa G , Sofuoğlu Değer , Mahmood Asif
Published: April 2024

This paper looks into how stellar configurations with quintessence and a cloud of string fields behave in general relativity in spherical symmetric spacetime. The goal is to find a stable, stellar model. We compute the unknown constants in the metric using the masses and radii of PSRJ1614 − 2230 stars. We employ the effective energy-momentum tensor in general relativity to analyze field equations. Additionally, we also demonstrate the anisotropic behavior, energy conditions, energy density, quintessence density, pressure profiles, gradients, anisotropic factor, energy conditions, sound speeds, compactification, mass function, EoS components, redshift, and stability of the compact stars. We demonstrate that according to the theory of general relativity, these compact stars exhibit physically plausible structures in the quintessence field with clouds of string.
Machine learning decoding of single neurons in the thalamus for speech brain-machine interfaces
Authors: Tankus Ariel , Rosenberg Noam , Ben-Hamo Oz , Stern Einat , Strauss Ido
Published: April 2024

Objective. Our goal is to decode firing patterns of single neurons in the left ventralis intermediate nucleus (Vim) of the thalamus, related to speech production, perception, and imagery. For realistic speech brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), we aim to characterize the amount of thalamic neurons necessary for high accuracy decoding. Approach. We intraoperatively recorded single neuron activity in the left Vim of eight neurosurgical patients undergoing implantation of deep brain stimulator or RF lesioning during production, perception and imagery of the five monophthongal vowel sounds. We utilized the Spade decoder, a machine learning algorithm that dynamically learns specific features of firing patterns and is based on sparse decomposition of the high dimensional feature space. Main results. Spade outperformed all algorithms compared with, for all three aspects of speech: production, perception and imagery, and obtained accuracies of 100%, 96%, and 92%, respectively (chance level: 20%) based on pooling together neurons across all patients. The accuracy was logarithmic in the amount of neurons for all three aspects of speech. Regardless of the amount of units employed, production gained highest accuracies, whereas perception and imagery equated with each other. Significance. Our research renders single neuron activity in the left Vim a promising source of inputs to BMIs for restoration of speech faculties for locked-in patients or patients with anarthria or dysarthria to allow them to communicate again. Our characterization of how many neurons are necessary to achieve a certain decoding accuracy is of utmost importance for planning BMI implantation.
Text and image generation from intracranial electroencephalography using an embedding space for text and images
Authors: Ikegawa Yuya , Fukuma Ryohei , Sugano Hidenori , Oshino Satoru , Tani Naoki , Tamura Kentaro , Iimura Yasushi , Suzuki Hiroharu , Yamamoto Shota , Fujita Yuya , Nishimoto Shinji , Kishima Haruhiko , Yanagisawa Takufumi
Published: April 2024

Objective. Invasive brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) are promising communication devices for severely paralyzed patients. Recent advances in intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) coupled with natural language processing have enhanced communication speed and accuracy. It should be noted that such a speech BCI uses signals from the motor cortex. However, BCIs based on motor cortical activities may experience signal deterioration in users with motor cortical degenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. An alternative approach to using iEEG of the motor cortex is necessary to support patients with such conditions. Approach. In this study, a multimodal embedding of text and images was used to decode visual semantic information from iEEG signals of the visual cortex to generate text and images. We used contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) embedding to represent images presented to 17 patients implanted with electrodes in the occipital and temporal cortices. A CLIP image vector was inferred from the high-γ power of the iEEG signals recorded while viewing the images. Main results. Text was generated by CLIPCAP from the inferred CLIP vector with better-than-chance accuracy. Then, an image was created from the generated text using StableDiffusion with significant accuracy. Significance. The text and images generated from iEEG through the CLIP embedding vector can be used for improved communication.
Nonlinear super-resolution signal processing allows intracellular tracking of calcium dynamics
Authors: Calcini Niccolò , Silva Lantyer Angelica da , Zeldenrust Fleur , Celikel Tansu
Published: April 2024

Objective. Traditional quantification of fluorescence signals, such as

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, relies on ratiometric measures that necessitate a baseline for comparison, limiting their applicability in dynamic analyses. Our goal here is to develop a baseline-independent method for analyzing fluorescence data that fully exploits temporal dynamics to introduce a novel approach for dynamical super-resolution analysis, including in subcellular resolution. Approach. We introduce ARES (Autoregressive RESiduals), a novel method that leverages the temporal aspect of fluorescence signals. By focusing on the quantification of residuals following linear autoregression, ARES obviates the need for a predefined baseline, enabling a more nuanced analysis of signal dynamics. Main result. We delineate the foundational attributes of ARES, illustrating its capability to enhance both spatial and temporal resolution of calcium fluorescence activity beyond the conventional ratiometric measure (

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). Additionally, we demonstrate ARES’s utility in elucidating intracellular calcium dynamics through the detailed observation of calcium wave propagation within a dendrite. Significance. ARES stands out as a robust and precise tool for the quantification of fluorescence signals, adept at analyzing both spontaneous and evoked calcium dynamics. Its ability to facilitate the subcellular localization of calcium signals and the spatiotemporal tracking of calcium dynamics—where traditional ratiometric measures falter—underscores its potential to revolutionize baseline-independent analyses in the field.
Impact of supra-thermal particles on plasma performance at ASDEX Upgrade with GENE-Tango simulations
Authors: Di Siena A. , Bilato R. , Bañón Navarro A. , Bergmann M. , Leppin L. , Görler T. , Poli E. , Weiland M. , Tardini G. , Jenko F. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team,   the EUROfusion MST1 Team
Published: April 2024

This paper presents global gyrokinetic simulations on the transport time scale of an ASDEX Upgrade H-mode discharge showing a pronounced peaking of the on-axis ion temperature profiles. Leveraging the newly developed GENE-Tango tool, which combines the global gyrokinetic code GENE with the transport solver Tango, we investigate the impact of energetic particles and electromagnetic effects on the improved plasma performance observed in the experimental discharge. Our results reveal that a striking agreement between the GENE-Tango simulations and the experimental measurements can be achieved only when energetic particles and electromagnetic effects are simultaneously retained in the modeling. In contrast, when these are neglected we observed a significant underestimation of the on-axis ion temperature, aligning with profiles computed using TGLF-ASTRA. The peaking in the ion temperature profile observed in the simulations can be attributed to the effective suppression of turbulence by high-frequency electromagnetic modes, likely Kinetic Ballooning Modes/Alfvén eigenmodes. These modes play a critical role in enhancing zonal flow activity and shearing rate levels which thus lead to a localized increase in the temperature gradient. However, it is crucial to maintain these modes at a state of marginal stability or weak instability to prevent energetic particle turbulence destabilization. Otherwise, the result would be a flattening of all the thermal profiles. Interestingly, we found that global GENE-Tango simulations are required to model correctly the linear dynamics of these high-frequency modes. Additionally, global simulations demonstrate greater tolerance than flux-tube simulations for marginal instability of these high frequency modes while maintaining power balance agreement.