bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observation of intrinsic fluorescence in cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles by Mn2+substitution and tuning the spin dynamics by cation distribution
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Pathak Saurabh , Singh Arjun , Jain Komal , Khanduri H. , Wang Lan , Kim Sang-Koog , Pant R. P.
Published: August 2022

In this work, we report the synthesis and detailed characterization of single-domain, optically active, manganese-substituted cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) magnetic nanoparticles without any surface functionalization as prospective fluorescent probes for bio-imaging.
Global Coherence and Cognition in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Rogalski Yvonne , Key-DeLyria Sarah E. , Hazamy Audrey , Altmann Lori J. P.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

This study compared global coherence (GC) in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) to a healthy older adult (HOA) group during single (sitting) and dual (stationary cycling) tasks. Additionally, it explored the relationship between GC and cognition in PD.

Method:

Thirty-seven individuals with PD and 19 HOAs participated in the prospective, cross-sectional study. Participants completed discourse monologues elicited using published prompts while seated and while pedaling a stationary bicycle. Four rating levels of GC were analyzed (GC1 = no relationship to the topic, GC2 = remote relationship, GC3 = conditional relationship, and GC4 = complete relationship) using a published protocol with good interrater reliability and test–retest stability. Participants completed a battery of cognitive tasks, from which four latent factors were extracted: processing speed, working memory, inhibition, and updating.

Results:

Linear mixed modeling identified significant effects of GC level and GC level interactions with group, processing speed, and inhibition. The Group × GC Level interaction reflected that the PD group had a higher proportion of GC2 and GC1 utterances and fewer GC4 utterances than the HOA group. No differences between single and dual task conditions were found. Faster speed of processing predicted more GC4 utterances, whereas slower speed of processing predicted more G1 utterances. Better inhibition predicted fewer GC2 utterances. Group also predicted GC4 and GC2 proportions.

Conclusions:

Individuals with PD experienced greater difficulties with GC than HOAs. Processing speed and inhibition contributed significantly to GC across groups. Analysis of GC should be considered an informative addition to assessment of communicative effectiveness in PD.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20416056
Star-forming and gas-rich brightest cluster galaxies at z  ∼  0.4 in the Kilo-Degree Survey
Authors: Castignani G. , Radovich M. , Combes F. , Salomé P. , Maturi M. , Moscardini L. , Bardelli S. , Giocoli C. , Lesci G. , Marulli F. , Puddu E. , Sereno M.
Published: August 2022

Brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) are typically massive ellipticals at the centers of clusters. They are believed to experience strong environmental processing, and their mass assembly and star formation history are still debated. We have selected three star-forming BCGs in the equatorial field of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS). They are KiDS 0920 (z = 0.3216), KiDS 1220 (z = 0.3886), and KiDS 1444 (z = 0.4417). We have observed them with the IRAM 30 m telescope in the first three CO transitions. We remarkably detected all BCGs at high signal-to-noise ratio, S/N ≃ (3.8 − 10.2), for a total of seven detected lines out of eight, corresponding to a success rate of 88%. This allows us to double the number of distant BCGs with clear detections in at least two CO lines. We then combined our observations with available stellar, star formation, and dust properties of the BCGs and compared them with a sample of ∼100 distant cluster galaxies with observations in CO. Our analysis yields large molecular gas reservoirs MH2 ≃ (0.5 − 1.4)×1011 M⊙, high excitation ratios r31 = LCO(3→2)′/LCO(1→0)′ ≃ (0.1 − 0.3), long depletion times τdep ≃ (2 − 4) Gyr, and high MH2/Mdust ≃ (170 − 300) for the three targeted BCGs. The excitation ratio r31 of intermediate-z BCGs, including RX1532 and M1932 from previous studies, appears to be well correlated with the star formation rate and efficiency, which suggests that excited gas is found only in highly star-forming and cool-core BCGs. By performing color-magnitude plots and a red-sequence modeling, we find that recent bursts of star formation are needed to explain the fact that the BCGs are measurably bluer than photometrically selected cluster members. To explain the global observed phenomenology, we suggest that a substantial amount of the molecular gas has been accreted by the KiDS BCGs but still not efficiently converted into stars. KiDS 1220 also shows a double-horn emission in CO(3→2), which implies a low gas concentration. The modeling of the spectrum yields an extended molecular gas reservoir of ∼9 kpc, which is reminiscent of the mature extended-disk phase observed in some local BCGs.
Enseignement-apprentissage de la morphographie du français : de la modélisation praxéologique aux référentiels de compétences et d’erreurs
Authors: Geoffre Thierry
Published: August 2022

Ce texte a pour but de faire la synthèse de différents travaux et réflexions sur la transposition de la théorie anthropologique du didactique au domaine de la morphographie du français. Nous cherchons à montrer comment ce cadre permet de modéliser le domaine et le développement du raisonnement métagraphique et celui de la compétence morphographique. Deux modèles développementaux sont présentés. Ces réflexions sont confrontées à un corpus de verbalisations d’élèves utilisant une application en ligne. Enfin, nous montrons l’intérêt de ce cadre pour développer un référentiel de compétences utile pour penser des parcours d’enseignement-apprentissage de la morphographie au sein d’un EIAH.
Révision d’écrits sur TBI et gestes professionnels afférents
Authors: Castany-Owhadi Hélène
Published: August 2022

Cette contribution présente une étude exploratoire à visée descriptive qui analyse et compare la mise en œuvre de huit séances de révisions collectives d’écrits sur tableau blanc interactif (TBI) par deux enseignants expérimentés et une enseignante novice en première et deuxième année du primaire. Nous présentons ce que le corpus donne à voir en mettant en évidence les gestes professionnels afférents.
Rapport à la tâche et conceptions orthographiques d’élèves en difficulté participant au dispositif Twictée au cycle 3 : une évolution en tension
Authors: Fenoglio Prisca
Published: August 2022

Cette étude examine, par le biais d’entretiens, l’évolution du rapport à la tâche et des conceptions orthographiques de 15 élèves peu performants de cinq classes de cycle 3 participant au dispositif Twictée en 2017-2018. Elle met au jour une évolution limitée et des tensions, notamment entre un rapport positif à la tâche et des conceptions orthographiques révélant des difficultés persistantes.
Utilisation d’un outil numérique d’analyse de phrases et apprentissage de l’orthographe grammaticale au primaire et au secondaire québécois
Authors: Arseneau Rosianne , Gauvin Isabelle , Sirard Anick
Published: August 2022

La contribution rapporte les résultats d’une recherche-action ayant intégré un outil numérique d’analyse de phrases à des activités d’apprentissage auprès d’élèves du primaire (n=35) et du secondaire (n=36) québécois en vue d’améliorer l’orthographe grammaticale. Les résultats au prétest et au posttest indiquent notamment des augmentations significatives dans la réussite des accords au primaire, mais des résultats plus mitigés pour le secondaire. En outre, les régressions multiniveaux réalisées indiquent dans l’ensemble de l’échantillon qu’un haut taux de réussite dans l’identification de la classe des mots prédit un haut taux de réussite dans les accords. Les résultats sont discutés à la lumière des différences dans l’intervention en contexte pandémique selon le niveau scolaire, et également à la lumière de travaux antérieurs ayant montré le rôle des habiletés métalinguistiques dans la réussite des accords.
Effets de la pratique de la Twictée sur les performances orthographiques des élèves
Authors: Viriot-Goeldel Caroline
Published: August 2022

La Twictée – contraction de Twitter et dictée – est un dispositif collaboratif d’enseignement de l’orthographe. Cette étude vise à évaluer les effets de ce dispositif sur les performances orthographiques des élèves de 4e et 5e années du primaire et de la première année du secondaire. Les résultats de l’étude conduite dans 40 classes auprès de 893 élèves sont présentés ici. Les analyses par modèles multiniveaux réalisées montrent que l’ensemble des élèves participant à cette étude progressent significativement sur toutes les variables évaluées en prétest et posttest. Les élèves participant au dispositif Twictée ne progressent toutefois pas significativement plus que ceux du groupe contrôle, à l’exception de deux variables. Bien que non significatif, l’effet de la Twictée est relativement important en éducation prioritaire. Ces résultats sont discutés à la lumière des analyses qualitatives déjà réalisées sur ce corpus.
Du rapport à la norme sociale orthographique à l’enseignement de l’orthographe en classe chez les enseignants du premier degré
Authors: Combaz-Champlaine Catherine
Published: August 2022

En nous appuyant sur des analyses qualitative et statistique de 30 entretiens semi-directifs, nous caractérisons le rapport des enseignants de cycle 3 à la norme sociale orthographique (incluant leurs pratiques numériques). Puis, nous mettons en contraste les styles pédagogiques de deux enseignantes aux profils ortho-normatifs différents par l’analyse de leur activité enseignante, notamment de leurs gestes pédagogiques, pour montrer quelles conceptions de la norme ils reflètent et comment se construit le curriculum caché des élèves.
Osteogenesis in the Australian lungfish,
Authors: Kemp Anne
Published: August 2022

Several types of bone development are present in the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, the only extant member of the family Neoceratodontidae. In this species, dermal and parachondral bones form around the chondrocranium and mandible, to protect the brain and sense organs, to support the dentition and to facilitate oral function. The notochord persists throughout life. The quadrate and Meckel’s cartilage remain cartilaginous, as does the chondrocranium. Anterior elements of the hyoid arch, the basihyal and hypohyals, do not ossify. The ceratohyal, which articulates with the hypohyals, ossifies perichondrally, as do the exoccipital bone and the ribs of the trunk, including the cranial rib. The exoccipital bone is embedded in the chondrocranium in the adult fish, and the cranial rib is immobile. Some elements of the skeleton, such as the pectoral and pelvic fins, and the pelvic girdle, remain cartilaginous, and the skeletal elements in these fins resemble the structure of the tail. Fully developed bone is trabecular or lamellar, and does not include vascular elements. Endochondral ossification does not occur in the living Australian lungfish.
Postmitotic accumulation of histone variant H3.3 in new cortical neurons establishes neuronal chromatin, transcriptome, and identity
Authors: Funk Owen H. , Qalieh Yaman , Doyle Daniel Z. , Lam Mandy M. , Kwan Kenneth Y.
Published: August 2022

Histone variants, which can be expressed outside of S-phase and deposited DNA synthesis-independently, provide long-term histone replacement in postmitotic cells, including neurons. Beyond replenishment, histone variants also play active roles in gene regulation by modulating chromatin states or enabling nucleosome turnover. Here, we uncover crucial roles for the histone H3 variant H3.3 in neuronal development. We find that newborn cortical excitatory neurons, which have only just completed replication-coupled deposition of canonical H3.1 and H3.2, substantially accumulate H3.3 immediately postmitosis. Codeletion of H3.3-encoding genes
H3f3a
and
H3f3b
from newly postmitotic neurons abrogates H3.3 accumulation, markedly alters the histone posttranslational modification landscape, and causes widespread disruptions to the establishment of the neuronal transcriptome. These changes coincide with developmental phenotypes in neuronal identities and axon projections. Thus, preexisting, replication-dependent histones are insufficient for establishing neuronal chromatin and transcriptome; de novo H3.3 is required. Stage-dependent deletion of
H3f3a
and
H3f3b
from 1) cycling neural progenitor cells, 2) neurons immediately postmitosis, or 3) several days later, reveals the first postmitotic days to be a critical window for de novo H3.3. After H3.3 accumulation within this developmental window, codeletion of
H3f3a
and
H3f3b
does not lead to immediate H3.3 loss, but causes progressive H3.3 depletion over several months without widespread transcriptional disruptions or cellular phenotypes. Our study thus uncovers key developmental roles for de novo H3.3 in establishing neuronal chromatin, transcriptome, identity, and connectivity immediately postmitosis that are distinct from its role in maintaining total histone H3 levels over the neuronal lifespan.
Interpreter ideology
Authors: Gao Fei , Munday Jeremy
Published: August 2022

This study investigates empirically the way in which interpreter ideology is manifested in the evaluative language of the World Economic Forum’s Annual Meeting in China in 2016 (English–Chinese language pair). Methodologically, van Dijk’s Ideological Square and Martin and White’s Appraisal framework have been operationalised for the analysis of positive or negative evaluative language in ‘us’ vs ‘them’ discourses. The results reveal an overall positive-‘us’ and negative-‘them’ pattern in the interpreter’s ideological positioning. This is manifested in three ways: (i) negative, pejorative, and sensitive discourses about China are self-censored; (ii) positivity is accentuated and negativity is neutralised in China-related discourses, and (iii) negative tones in the discourses of other countries are amplified. The speaker discourse is ‘edited’ when interpreter ideology is at work during the simultaneous interpreting process. However, the linguistic patterns can provide only partial indications of the possible relationship between interpreter ideology and cognitive operations.
Improving resolution of superlens based on solid immersion mechanism
Authors: Hao Zhanlei , Zhou Yangyang , Wu Bei , Liu Yineng , Chen Huanyang
Published: August 2022

Super-resolution imaging with superlens has been one of the fundamental research topics. Unfortunately, the resolution of superlens is inevitably restrained by material loss. To address the problem, we introduce the solid immersion mechanism into the slab superlens and the cylindrical superlens. The proposed solid immersion slab superlens (SISSL) and the solid immersion cylindrical superlens (SICSL) can improve the resolution by converting evanescent wave to propagating wave using high refractive index materials. From the perspective of applications, the cylindrical superlens with finite cross section and the ability of magnification or demagnification has more advantages than the slab superlens. Therefore, we focus on demonstrating analytically the super-resolution imaging of SICSL. Due to the impedance mismatching caused by solid immersion mechanism, the whispering gallery modes (WGMs) are excited between SICSL and the air interface. We clarify the excitation conditions of WGMs and analyze their influence on the imaging quality of SICSL. The SISSL and SICSL may pave a way to apply in lithography technique and real-time biomolecular imaging in future.
Tunable topological interface states and resonance states of surface waves based on the shape memory alloy
Authors: Huo Shao-Yong , Yao Long-Chao , Hsieh Kuan-Hong , Fu Chun-Ming , Chiu Shih-Chia , Gong Xiao-Chao , Deng Jian
Published: August 2022

Topological interface state (TIS) of elastic wave has attracted significant research interest due to its potential prospects in strengthening acoustic energy and enhancing the signal accuracy of damage identification and quantification. However, previous implementations on the interface modes of surface waves are limited to the non-adjustable frequency band and unalterable mode width. Here, we demonstrate the tunable TIS and topological resonance state (TRS) of Rayleigh wave by using a shape memory alloy (SMA) stubbed semi-infinite one-dimensional (1D) solid phononic crystals (PnCs), which simultaneously possesses the adjustable mode width. The mechanism of tunability stems from the phase transformation of the SMA between the martensite at low temperature and the austenite at high temperature. The tunable TIS of Rayleigh wave is realized by combining two bandgap-opened PnCs with different Zak phases. The TRS with adjustable mode width is achieved in the heterostructures by adding PnCs with Dirac point to the middle of two bandgap-opened PnCs with different Zak phases, which exhibits the extraordinary robustness in contrast to the ordinary Fabry–Pérot resonance state. This research provides new possibilities for the highly adjustable Rayleigh wave manipulation and find promising applications such as tunable energy harvesters, wide-mode filters, and high-sensitivity Rayleigh wave detectors.
Interface effect on superlattice quality and optical properties of InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Liu Zhaojun , Zhu Lian-Qing , Zheng Xian-Tong , Liu Yuan , Lu Li-Dan , Zhang Dong-Liang
Published: August 2022

We systematically investigate the influence of InSb interface (IF) engineering on the crystal quality and optical properties of strain-balanced InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices (T2SLs). The type-II superlattice structure is 120 periods InAs (8 ML)/GaSb (6 ML) with different thicknesses of InSb interface grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The high-resolution x-ray diffraction (XRD) curves display sharp satellite peaks, and the narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the 0th is only 30–39 arcsec. From high-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) characterization, the InSb heterointerfaces and the clear spatial separation between the InAs and GaSb layers can be more intuitively distinguished. As the InSb interface thickness increases, the compressive strain increases, and the surface “bright spots” appear to be more apparent from the atomic force microscopy (AFM) results. Also, photoluminescence (PL) measurements verify that, with the increase in the strain, the bandgap of the superlattice narrows. By optimizing the InSb interface, a high-quality crystal with a well-defined surface and interface is obtained with a PL wavelength of 4.78 μm, which can be used for mid-wave infrared (MWIR) detection.
Synthesis and superconductivity in yttrium superhydrides under high pressure
Authors: Wang Yingying , Wang Kui , Sun Yao , Ma Liang , Wang Yanchao , Zou Bo , Liu Guangtao , Zhou Mi , Wang Hongbo
Published: August 2022

Flourishing rare earth superhydrides are a class of recently discovered materials that exhibit near-room-temperature superconductivity at high pressures, ushering in a new era of superconductivity research at high pressures. Yttrium superhydrides drew the most attention among these superhydrides due to their abundance of stoichiometries and excellent superconductivities. Here, we carried out a comprehensive study of yttrium superhydrides in a wide pressure range of 140 GPa–300 GPa. We successfully synthesized a series of superhydrides with the compositions of YH4, YH6, YH7, and YH9, and reported superconducting transition temperatures of 82 K at 167 GPa, 218 K at 165 GPa, 29 K at 162 GPa, and 230 K at 300 GPa, respectively, as evidenced by sharp drops in resistance. The structure and superconductivity of YH4 were taken as a representative example and were also examined using x-ray diffraction measurements and the superconductivity suppression under external magnetic fields, respectively. Clathrate YH10, a candidate for room-temperature superconductor, was not synthesized within the study pressure and temperature ranges of up to 300 GPa and 2000 K. The current study established a detailed foundation for future research into room-temperature superconductors in polynary yttrium-based superhydrides.
High-fidelity universal quantum gates for hybrid systems via the practical photon scattering
Authors: Luo Jun-Wen , Wang Guan-Yu
Published: August 2022

High-fidelity quantum logic gates are essential in quantum computation, and both photons and electron spins in quantum dots (QDs) have their own unique advantages in implementing quantum computation. It is of critical significance to achieve high-fidelity quantum gates for photon-QD hybrid systems. Here, we propose two schemes for implementing high-fidelity universal quantum gates including Toffoli gate and Fredkin gate for photon-QD hybrid systems, utilizing the practical scattering of a single photon off a QD-cavity system. The computation errors from the imperfections involved in the practical scattering are detected and prevented from arising in the final results of the two gates. Accordingly, the unity fidelity of each quantum gate is obtained in the nearly realistic condition, and the requirement for experimental realization is relaxed. Furthermore, the quantum circuits for the two gates are compact and no auxiliary qubits are required, which would also be the advantages regarding their experimental feasibility. These features indicate that our schemes may be useful in the practical quantum computation tasks.
Reverse gate leakage mechanism of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with Au-free gate
Authors: Jiang Xin , Li Chen-Hao , Yang Shuo-Xiong , Liang Jia-Hao , Lai Long-Kun , Dong Qing-Yang , Huang Wei , Liu Xin-Yu , Luo Wei-Jun
Published: August 2022

The reverse gate leakage mechanism of W-gate and TiN-gate AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with N2 plasma surface treatment is investigated using current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics and theoretical calculation analysis. It is found that the main reverse gate leakage mechanism of both devices is the trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) mechanism in the entire reverse bias region (–30 V to 0 V). It is also found that the reverse gate leakage current of the W-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs is smaller than that of the TiN gate at high reverse gate bias voltage. Moreover, the activation energies of the extracted W-gate and TiN-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are 0.0551 eV–0.127 eV and 0.112 eV–0.201 eV, respectively.
Electrical manipulation of a hole ‘spin’–orbit qubit in nanowire quantum dot: The nontrivial magnetic field effects
Authors: Li Rui , Zhang Hang
Published: August 2022

Strong ‘spin’–orbit coupled one-dimensional hole gas is achievable in a Ge nanowire in the presence of a strong magnetic field. The strong magnetic field lifts the two-fold degeneracy in the hole subband dispersions, so that the effective low-energy subband dispersion exhibits strong spin–orbit coupling. Here, we study the electrical spin manipulation in a Ge nanowire quantum dot for both the lowest and second lowest hole subband dispersions. Using a finite square well to model the quantum dot confining potential, we calculate exactly the level splitting of the spin–orbit qubit and the Rabi frequency in the electric-dipole spin resonance. The spin–orbit coupling modulated longitudinal g-factor g
so is not only non-vanishing but also magnetic field dependent. Moreover, the spin–orbit couplings of the lowest and second lowest subband dispersions have opposite magnetic dependences, so that the results for these two subband dispersions are totally different. It should be noticed that we focus only on the properties of the hole ‘spin’ instead of the real hole spin.
Multi-objective optimization model for determining palm sugar granules production in remanufacturing process using NSGA-II
Authors: Ummi N , Noor E , Romli M
Published: August 2022

Palm sugar products that are damaged or do not meet quality specifications due to sorting have to be immediately processed into other value-added derivative products in the form of palm sugar granules grade B. Determining the amount of palm sugar granules grade B to produce will affect the determination of the raw materials needed. It will also depend on the reliability of suppliers, resellers, and the industry to provide raw materials. This study aims to build a management model of palm sugar remanufacturing by considering the combination of three materials: rejected palm sugar, premium palm sugar, and cane sugar, which can provide optimal value in the remanufacturing process. There are three objectives to be achieved: maximizing total profit, minimizing quality improvement cost, and maximizing reliability. This numerical experiment used ten resellers, four advanced processing industries, three collection centers, three cane sugar suppliers, one SME, and one market. The multi-objective optimization model using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) II method produces the best solution. This model can assist decision-makers in designing an optimal remanufacturing process by combining the addition of materials.
Three decades of the sustainability strategy publication: A bibliometric perspective
Authors: Purnomo A , Asitah N , Fitri R , Anisah H U , Wiradimadja R D D
Published: August 2022

Many companies, businesses, and entrepreneurs are starting to care about environmental issues and implement sustainable strategies within their companies. Research on sustainability strategy continues to develop but is limited to one country and one field. From the bibliometric perspective, this study purposes to visually research mapping and trends in sustainability strategy on an international scale. This study used bibliometric techniques with secondary data from Scopus. Analyze and visualize data using the VOSViewer program and Scopus’s analyze search results function. This study analyzed 1,184 scientific documents published between 1988 and 2020. According to the research, the University of Gloucestershire and Peter Jones had the most active affiliated institutions and individual scientists in sustainability strategy publication. Environmental Science; and Journal of Cleaner Production were the most studied and disseminated outlets of sustainability strategy publication. There were three category maps of collaborative researchers from around the world. Based on identifying a collection of knowledge accumulated from over thirty-two years of publication, this research proposes a grouping of sustainability strategy publication themes: strategic management, economics, environmental management, research, and sustainability, as SEERS publication themes.
Identification of potential application of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB): a review
Authors: Windiastuti E , Suprihatin  , Bindar Y , Hasanudin U
Published: August 2022

The palm oil industry is one industry that significantly contributes to the Indonesian economy. Indonesia’s palm oil exports keep increasing every year. In addition to producing CPO, the palm industry also produces solid, liquid and gaseous waste. The resulting waste can pollute the environment. Solid waste from the palm industry consists of oil palm empty fruit bunches, fruit juice fiber, palm kernel cake, shells and other solid waste. Of the various types of solid waste produced, oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) is the largest waste. The comparison of EFB waste management is presented in this paper. In recent years, various kinds of EFB handling have been implemented by researchers in order to increase the usefulness and added value of EFB. These range from simple technologies to advanced technologies. EFB has been used as a potential source of raw materials, such as raw materials for biofuels, mulch, papermaking materials, compost and agricultural biochar production. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each technology and new technology proposals.
Corrosion inhibition behavior of cerium salt sealing on the scratch of aluminum alloy anode oxide film in a simulated marine atmospheric environment
Authors: Gong Li-hua , Liu Tian-nan
Published: August 2022

The anodic oxide film of aluminum alloy was sealed by cerium salt, and the scratch test was used to simulate the damage of the oxide film. The repair and corrosion inhibition effects of cerium in the oxide film on the simulated damaged site were studied by means of alternate immersion accelerated corrosion test, combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical techniques. The results show that cerium in the undamaged oxide film diffused to the scratch and existed in the form of Ce (III) and Ce (IV), and formed the hydroxide with the cathode reaction product OH− in the scratch. It was only when enough corrosion products were produced on the aluminum matrix in the scratch, both the corrosion products and the hydroxide of cerium would have a synergistic effect on inhibiting the cathode reaction, thus, cerium salt could play the role of corrosion inhibition.
Surface quality and morphology of NiTiCuZr shape memory alloy machined using thermal-energy processes: an examination of comparative topography
Authors: Balasubramaniyan C , Santosh S , Rajkumar K
Published: August 2022

Adding alloying elements like copper (Cu) and zirconium (Zr) to binary NiTi shape memory alloys (NiTiCuZr SMA) raises the martensitic transition temperatures and functional fatigue properties while maintaining high corrosion and wear resistance. Therefore, it is essential to make high-precision SMA components with less damage to be machined into various complex shapes, sizes, and surface topographies to meet the needs of several engineering applications. In this research work, advanced machining processes like wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) and fiber laser machining were employed to machine NiTiCuZr SMA and study their processing parameters’ effects on the surface roughness, topography changes, and surface hardness. 3D surface topography and surface roughness on the machined surfaces were evaluated through contact and non-contact measurement techniques. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test was conducted on the NiTiCuZr SMA before and after machining to confirm changes in the shape memory properties. When both processes were used at high energy levels, the formation of the resolidified layer and surface defects were more pronounced, increasing surface roughness. DSC curves for heating and cooling profiles show similar transformation temperatures for WEDM and laser machined NiTiCuZr SMA. On comparing two different machining processes, the WEDM process resulted in the Ra (μm) being 28.2% lower, the surface topography was smooth, and the microhardness was 11.9% lower than the samples machined using laser machining. This shows that machining of NiTiCuZr SMA using WEDM gives a better surface finish, reaching a fair decision that WEDM is a better alternative to laser machining.
Collisions and collisional transport—I. Particle collisions
Authors: Bers Abraham
Published: August 2022

This chapter discusses the collisional scattering of particles, and some of the transport processes which they engender in plasmas. It pays attention to the basic descriptions and properties of binary collisions between charged particles, and between charged particles and neutrals (molecules). The kinetic theory of gases, in its simplest classical model, considers a gas as a dilute ensemble of small billiard balls. These molecules generally move in straight lines; however, when two of them encounter each other, there is a collision which produces an instantaneous deviation of their orbits. After the collision, the trajectories return to being quasi-linear. Considering the various particles that are encountered in a gas (atoms and molecules, some of which are possibly ionized), the chapter investigates the two types of collisions: elastic collision and inelastic collision.
Predictors of returning home after hip fracture: a prospective cohort study using the UK National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD)
Authors: Hawley Samuel , Inman Dominic , Gregson Celia L , Whitehouse Michael , Johansen Antony , Judge Andrew
Published: August 2022

Introduction

our objective was to describe trends in returning home after hospitalisation for hip fracture and identify predictive factors of this important patient-focussed outcome.

Methods

a cohort of hip fracture patients from England and Wales (2018–2019) resident in their own home pre-admission were analysed to identify patient and service factors associated with returning home after hospital discharge, and with living in their own home at 120 days. Geographical variation was also analysed.

Results

analysis of returning home at discharge included 87,797 patients; 57,104 (65%) were discharged home. Patient factors associated with lower likelihood of discharge home included cognitive impairment (odds ratio (OR) 0.60 [95% CI: 0.57, 0.62]), malnutrition (OR 0.81 [0.76, 0.86]), being at risk of malnutrition (OR 0.81 [0.78, 0.85]) and experiencing delay to surgery due to reversal of anti-coagulant medication (OR 0.84 [0.77, 0.92]). Corresponding service factors included surgery delay due to hospital logistical reasons (OR 0.91 [0.87, 0.95]) and early morning admission between 4:00 and 7:59 am (OR 0.83 [0.78, 0.89]). Nerve block prior to arrival at the operating theatre was associated with higher likelihood of discharge home (OR 1.07 [1.03, 1.11]). Most of these associations were stronger when analysing the outcome ‘living in their own home at 120 days’, in which two out of 11 geographic regions were found to have significantly more patients returning home.

Conclusion

we identify numerous modifiable factors associated with short-term and medium-term return to own home after hip fracture, in addition to significant geographical variation. These findings should support improvements to care and inform future research.
How I Diagnose Mature T-Cell Proliferations by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Kroft Steven H , Harrington Alexandra M
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Mature T-cell neoplasms are a challenging area of diagnostic hematopathology. Flow cytometry has emerged as a useful technique for T-cell assessment.

Methods

We discuss the application of flow cytometry to the evaluation of mature T-cell proliferations, to include illustrative cases, theoretical framework, detailed review of normal and reactive T-cell subsets, and examination of diagnostic pitfalls.

Results

Immunophenotypic aberrancy can be construed as a direct expression of the neoplastic phenotype, in contrast to clonal expansion, which is seen in reactive and neoplastic T-cell proliferations. Major and minor T-cell subsets show characteristic patterns of antigen expression. Reactive states can manifest expansions of normal minor subsets and also show alterations of antigen expression on certain populations. However, some patterns of antigen expression are either never or very rarely encountered in reactive T cells. Flow cytometric tools are now available to directly assess clonality in specific T-cell populations. Technical and biological pitfalls may complicate the interpretation of T-cell flow cytometry.

Conclusions

Flow cytometry is a very useful tool in the diagnostic armamentarium for the assessment of mature T-cell proliferations, but it must be interpreted based on a thorough knowledge of the T-cell immune response, as well as an awareness of clinical context.
The combined role of visual and olfactory cues in foraging by Cataglyphis ants in laboratory mazes
Authors: Gilad Tomer , Bahar Ori , Hasan Malak , Bar Adi , Subach Aziz , Scharf Inon
Published: August 2022

Foragers use several senses to locate food, and many animals rely on vision and smell. It is beneficial not to rely on a single sense, which might fail under certain conditions. We examined the contribution of vision and smell to foraging and maze exploration under laboratory conditions using Cataglyphis desert ants as a model. Foraging intensity, measured as the number of workers entering the maze and arriving at the target as well as target arrival time, were greater when food, blue light, or both were offered or presented in contrast to a control. Workers trained to forage for a combined food and light cue elevated their foraging intensity with experience. However, foraging intensity was not higher when using both cues simultaneously than in either one of the two alone. Following training, we split between the two cues and moved either the food or the blue light to the opposite maze corner. This manipulation impaired foraging success by either leading to fewer workers arriving at the target cell (when the light stayed and the food was moved) or to more workers arriving at the opposite target cell, empty of food (when the food stayed and the light was moved). This result indicates that ant workers use both senses when foraging for food and readily associate light with food.
Heritage-specific oral microbiota in Indigenous Australian dental calculus
Authors: Handsley-Davis Matilda , Kapellas Kostas , Jamieson Lisa M , Hedges Joanne , Skelly Emily , Kaidonis John , Anastassiadis Poppy , Weyrich Laura S
Published: August 2022

Background and objectives

Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders (hereafter respectfully referred to as Indigenous Australians) experience a high burden of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Increased NCD risk is linked to oral diseases mediated by the oral microbiota, a microbial community influenced by both vertical transmission and lifestyle factors. As an initial step towards understanding the oral microbiota as a factor in Indigenous health, we present the first investigation of oral microbiota in Indigenous Australian adults.

Methodology

Dental calculus samples from Indigenous Australians with periodontal disease (PD; n = 13) and non-Indigenous individuals both with (n = 19) and without PD (n = 20) were characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity, differentially abundant microbial taxa and taxa unique to different participant groups were analysed using QIIME2.

Results

Samples from Indigenous Australians were more phylogenetically diverse (Kruskal–Wallis H = 19.86, P = 8.3 × 10−6), differed significantly in composition from non-Indigenous samples (PERMANOVA pseudo-F = 10.42, P = 0.001) and contained a relatively high proportion of unique taxa not previously reported in the human oral microbiota (e.g. Endomicrobia). These patterns were robust to stratification by PD status. Oral microbiota diversity and composition also differed between Indigenous individuals living in different geographic regions.

Conclusions and implications

Indigenous Australians may harbour unique oral microbiota shaped by their long relationships with Country (ancestral homelands). Our findings have implications for understanding the origins of oral and systemic NCDs and for the inclusion of Indigenous peoples in microbiota research, highlighting the microbiota as a novel field of enquiry to improve Indigenous health.
Associations of Bioavailable Serum Testosterone With Cognitive Function in Older Men: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Giannos Panagiotis , Prokopidis Konstantinos , Church David D , Kirk Ben , Morgan Paul T , Lochlainn Mary Ni , Macpherson Helen , Woods David R , Ispoglou Theocharis
Published: August 2022

Background

Age-associated cognitive decline may be influenced by testosterone status. However, studies evaluating the impact of bioavailable testosterone, the active, free testosterone, on cognitive function are scarce. Our study determined the relationship between calculated bioavailable testosterone and cognitive performance in older men.

Methods

We used data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2013 and 2014. This study consisted of 208 men aged ≥60 years. Bioavailable serum testosterone was calculated based on the total serum testosterone, sex hormone–binding globulin, and albumin levels, whereas cognitive performance was assessed through the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) Word List Learning Test (WLLT), Word List Recall Test (WLRT), and Intrusion Word Count Test (WLLT-IC and WLRT-IC), the Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed upon adjustment for age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education level, medical history, body mass index, energy, alcohol intake, physical activity levels, and sleep duration.

Results

A significant positive association between bioavailable testosterone and DSST (β: 0.049, p = .002) score was detected, with no signs of a plateau effect. No significant associations with CERAD WLLT (p = .132), WLRT (p = .643), WLLT-IC (p = .979), and WLRT-IC (p = .387), and AFT (p = .057) were observed.

Conclusion

Calculated bioavailable testosterone presented a significant positive association with processing speed, sustained attention, and working memory in older men above 60 years of age. Further research is warranted to elucidate the impact of the inevitable age-related decline in testosterone on cognitive function in older men.
The current trajectory of king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) chick numbers on Macquarie Island in relation to environmental conditions
Authors: Pascoe Penelope , Raymond Ben , Carmichael Noel , McInnes Julie
Published: August 2022

Macquarie Island's king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) population has changed dramatically over recent centuries. Following near decimation from commercial exploitation during the 19th and early 20th centuries, chick numbers increased rapidly from 1930–1980. Since then, the population's trajectory has remained unreported, and environmental factors potentially influencing the population are poorly understood. From 2007–2020, king penguin chicks were censused annually. Chick numbers fluctuated between years, ranging from 33,513–78,714. Overall, the numbers decreased at 1.06 ± 0.03% per annum. While further studies are required to infer causality, annual chick numbers were negatively correlated with environmental conditions on land and at sea. Heavy rainfall, total rainfall, and maximum east coast wave height during incubation correlated with fewer chicks that year. Warmer sea surface temperatures in the foraging region of adult king penguins during incubation and early chick-rearing also correlated with lower chick numbers. While interannual variability and the long generation time of king penguins makes it unclear if the decrease in chick numbers represent a decrease in the breeding population, it is clear the late 20th century rapid increase in Macquarie Island's breeding population has ceased. Ongoing monitoring will establish if this is indicative of the population stabilising or an ongoing population decline.
A synopsis ofMacrobrachiumSpence Bate, 1868 (Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae) from Hong Kong, with description of a new species
Authors: Chow Lai Him , Chan Jeffery C F , Tsang Ling Ming
Published: August 2022

Only four freshwater shrimp species from the genus MacrobrachiumSpence Bate, 1868 are known previously from Hong Kong, namely M. formosenseSpence Bate, 1868, M. hainanense (Parisi, 1919), M. meridionaleLiang & Yan, 1983, and M. nipponense (De Haan, 1849). This is likely an underestimate as a result of insufficient sampling, given that recent efforts revealed several new records in their counterpart family Atyidae, and the presence of many more Macrobrachium species from the region (i.e., Guangdong Province, China). We report the occurrence of three more species in Hong Kong: M. equidens (Dana, 1852), M. lar (Fabricius, 1798), M. venustum (Parisi, 1919), and a new species being described, M. lantausp. nov. The new species is erected from the highly variable M. equidens species complex, distinctive in live colouration and genetics. Decisive morphological differences from M. equidens sensu lato could not be confidently elucidated until the species complex is fully resolved. Molecular analysis shows that ‘M. hainanense’ reported from Hong Kong actually refers to M. laevisZheng, Chen & Guo, 2019. Morphological (and molecular) evidence suggest that M. inflatumLiang & Yan, 1985 and M. superbum (Heller, 1862) are possibly morphotypes and thus synonyms of M. nipponense. Macrobrachium hainanense and M. heterorhynchosGuo & He, 2008 are also likely synonyms of M. formosense and M. equidens, respectively. These species are, nevertheless, maintained as valid until examination of the type specimens concurs. The importance of an integrative approach and the associated matters needing attention in systematic studies of Macrobrachium are discussed.
Political Censorship on the Late-Victorian Stage: Rereading Oscar Wilde’s Vera; or, the Nihilist[s]
Authors: Kandola Sondeep
Published: August 2022

The publication in 2021 of the Oxford English Texts version of Oscar Wilde’s Russian melodrama Vera; or, the Nihilist (1883), based, as it is, on new archival research by its editor Josephine Guy, deepens the mystery surrounding the alleged censorship of Oscar Wilde’s first play. While Wilde himself promoted the idea that the expression of democratic ideals in his Nihilist play had prevented its performance in England, a genetic analysis of an early manuscript version of the play (1881) made available in the OET Vera and Guy’s reconstructed play-text of the first performance, problematizes the putative censorship of the play on political grounds. In conjunction with new readings of Wilde’s Poems (1881) and his letters from the period, the genetic analysis that follows crystallizes attendant issues concerning the extent of Wilde’s radicalism at the outset of his career and the nature of his commitment to Irish republicanism per se. Where the Chief Examiner of Plays (E. F. S. Pigott) promoted the idea that there was no political censorship of the theatre at the end of the Victorian period, the examples of the alleged suppression of Wilde’s melodrama and the experiences of his mentor, the Irish playwright Dion Boucicault, at the hands of the British press evince the multiple forms of political censorship and self-censorship that came to shape (and impede) the development of the late-Victorian stage.
BSCI-01 INTRATHECAL DELIVERY OF DENDRITIC CELL VACCINE ERADICATES TUMOR GROWTH AND PROTECTS AGAINST LEPTOMENINGEAL DISEASE (LMD) RE-INOCULATION IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT HER2+ AND TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER (TNBC) LMD XENOGRAFT MODELS
Authors: Law Vincent , Kodumudi Krithika , Snyder Colin , Czerniecki Brian , Forsyth Peter
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

LMD occurs in ~5% of patients with breast cancer (BC) and has a median survival of 2-4 months. We found a loss of the anti-HER2 and anti-HER3 CD4 Th1 immune responses in BC patients. In pre-clinical and clinical trials the administration of class II HER2 peptide-pulsed dendritic cell vaccine (HER2-DCV) partially restores anti-HER2 Th1 immune responses with pathologic complete responses in HER2+ BC patients. Here, we examined the intrathecal (IT) delivery of HER2/HER3-DCV in BC-LMD immunocompetent animal models.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Luciferase-labeled HER2+ TUBO BCs were injected into the cisterna magna of BALB/c mice to produce LMD. We used our Murine Ommaya (mimics an Ommaya reservoir clinically in patients) for the IT administration of DCVs into the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

BC-LMD mice were randomized into following groups: 1) HER2-DCV IT 2) HER3-DCV IT 3) HER2/HER3-DCV IT. The median survival of untreated (control) group was 15 days. All groups given DCV IT prolonged survival (p<0.001). Interestingly, HER2-/HER3-DCV IT was able to rescue disease mice (71% in HER2+ BC-LMD and 28% in TNBC-LMD) and showed complete tumor regression. Some surviving mice were immune to subsequent tumor rechallenge. In mice CSF, we found the presence of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, and robust IFN-gamma and IL18 response upon DCV treatment. Collectively, this suggests IT delivery of DCV elicits immune response in CSF targeting LMD.

CONCLUSION

Our preclinical data supported a clinical trial (submitted) of the IT delivery of DCV in BC patients with LMD.