bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obstacles in Economic Growth of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Khobragade Sweksha mahendra , Acharya Rekha
Published: December 2020

In any country, the fruits of economic growth transfers up to grass root level through various channels and modes. In India there is three tier system of transferring resources- especially financial resources - central government to states and from states to local bodies. This system has been questioned by different researchers from time to time as this flow of resources is not smooth but skewed. Many time gaps are observed between projections and actual receipts. This time lag pushed the development on back foot. This paper has analysed the trend and gaps in the financial transfers from centre to states. Further, it tried to identify hurdles on the ground of financial allocation to the state by finance commission. The analysis is based on the secondary sources of information. We have divided the administration in three tier- central, state and local bodies. The trend and gap in the financial allocation by the central government to the state and the state to the local bodies shows delay in disbursement. The funds flow from higher level governments to the lower level government is very week and lack devolution design or principle. This creates hindrance in the economic growth of the state. The results reveal higher actual expenditure than the approved plan due to gap between central and state financing. This indicates the deficit financing, increased burden and uneven growth in the economy. It may also imply a response to increasing inequalities in per capita incomes within state.
Pre Disinvestment & Post Disinvestment Financial Analysis of Oil and Gas Company in Indiaâ€
Authors: Gupta Sumeet , Srivastava Sharad
Published: December 2020

Disinvestment of minority share of PSU have become one of the important medium of raising revenue for the government. The government wanted to reduce its fiscal deficit by doing disinvestment of public sector enterprise. It is believed that operating performance and efficiency of Public sector enterprise gets improved after the post disinvestment period. There are many public sector enterprise whose financial performance got improved after the disinvestment.The prime focus of the study is to examine:Why there is a need for disinvestment of public sector enterprise Â Â Â Â  such as ONGC and IOCL.The impact of disinvestment on the financial and operating Â Â Â Â  performance on pre disinvestment as well as on post disinvestment period.Â In this study financial performance will be measured e.g.Â  Profitability ratio, efficiency ratio, liquidity ratio, & leverage and ratio for perspective investor. The financial performance will be used to access whether there is any impact of disinvestment on companyâ€™s performance of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. & Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Â
CHANGING GROWTH TREND AND COMPETITIVENESS IN THE TRADE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS IN INDIA
Authors: SHREE SHILPA , S SRIDHAR
Published: December 2020

Global trade in livestock products is expanding rapidly and significantly due to increase in consumer demands linked to growing educational and awareness of consumer, internationalisation of tastes and habits, developments in science and technology and improvements in communication and transportation. In this study, growth trend in the trade of livestock products in India during the last two decades was measured by fitting an exponential time trend of the form and measurement of Export Competitiveness of Indian Livestock Sector by using Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC). From the results, the export of certain livestock products has grown in double digits, which indicates that focus on these products can help in earning more foreign exchange and strengthen the position of India in global livestock trade market. The import of dairy products, eggs, swine meat, poultry meat, natural honey, sheep and goat meat, hides/skin and processed meat has increased its rate from sub-period I to II due to rise in income and changes in dietary preferences have stimulated consumption of livestock products. The NPC value for dairy products was hovered around 1.5 to 2.5. The NPC of swine meat was 0.30 in 1993, which rose to 0.88 in 2011. The NPCs for poultry meat indicate that India has protected poultry sub-sector heavily or the international prices have been depressed due to price distortion in the world market. The NPC values for bovine meat indicate a high export potential, but these have witnessed an increasing trend, indicating erosion of its competitiveness. However, it still hovers around 0.50 and India has much leverage to expand its bovine meat export.
India-Pakistan Bilateral Trade
Authors: Dhiman Manisha , Kaur Sandeep
Published: December 2020

Cross-border trade with the help of RTAs works as the backbone for the growth of member nations.Â Â  SAFTA'S intra-trade increased from 5.1 percent in 1995 and reached at 6.8 percent in 2014. It is too low as compared to European Union (EU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (UNCTAD, 2015). In context ofÂ  this, it has become important to study bilateral trade performanceÂ  between India and Pakistan.
On the Macroeconomic Causes of Exchange Rate Volatility: The Case of Tunisia
Authors: Charef Fahima
Published: December 2020

Abstract: The modeling of the dynamics of the exchange rate at a long time remains a financial and economic research center. In our research we tried to study the relationship between the evolution of exchange rates and macroeconomic fundamentals. Our empirical study is based on a series of exchange rates for the Tunisian dinar against three currencies of major trading partners (dollar, euro, yen) and fundamentals (the terms of trade, the inflation rate, the interest rate differential), of monthly data, from jan 2000 to dec-2014, for the case of Â Tunisia. We have adopted models of conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH, GARCH, EGARCH, TGARCH). The results indicate that there is a partial relationship between the evolution of the Tunisian dinar exchange rates and macroeconomic variables.Keywords: exchange rate, fundamental macroeconomic variables, conditional heteroskedasticity models.
ANALYSIS OF TRADE RELATIONS BETWEEN INDIA AND BHUTAN DURING SAFTA PERIOD
Authors: Sandhu Harjeet singh
Published: December 2020

The multilateral trade among countries is governed by the rules of the game set out by international institutions such as GATT (1948-95) and WTO (since 1995), but the bilateral trade between countries is practically governed by their political relations and strategic interests. This is equally true about the trade relations between India and Bhutan. Since independence, trade relations between India and Bhutan are governed by Indo-Bhutan friendship treaty 1949. Since the signing of this treaty, Indo-Bhutan bilateral relations are operating under the free trade regime till now. It is important to know how these relations are affected by the changing political and economic environment in this era of globalization. Foreign trade is most important indicator that reveals the health of political as well as economic relations among the nations. Rising volume of trade, trade intensity and complementary indices among nations are signs of healthy political and economic relations. In this paper, analysis of trade relations between India and Bhutan has been done by using statistical techniques of trade openness, trade intensity and export complementarity in order to understand the bilateral ties between two nations in a broader way.
FDI and long-term economic growth in Egypt
Authors: Alhakimi Saif
Published: December 2020

This research paper aims to empirically analyze the impact of FDI on the long-term economic growth of Egypt. An empirical model was developed to explain the aggregate output, including total labor force, capital stock, foreign direct investment, government expenditure, and the real exchange rate. Annual time-series data from 1990â€“2013 were then used to estimate the model. Prior to calculating this estimation, the properties of the time series were diagnosed, and an error-correction model was developed and assessed. The overall results suggest that foreign direct investment makes a positive, yet weak and insignificant, contribution to the long-term economic growth of Egypt. This finding warrants further investigation to explore the possible reasons behind it, such as the degree of spillover that FDI has on economic growth and its impact on employment in areas like job creation, wage structure, research, and development.
A Comparative Study of Performance of HDFC with select Private and Public Sector banks
Authors: Ghosh Uma , Adhikari Chandan Singh , Neogi Archisman
Published: December 2020

AbstractBanking industry has undergone metamorphosis due to increase in competition from private sector banks, foreign banks as well as payment banks. This increasing competition has kept the banks on tenterhook. While public sector banks due to their own compulsions have amassed huge NPAs, other banks also could not isolate them from this NPAs problem. Last three years, in particular have been bad years for banking industry as a whole. However, HDFC bank has stood out as different player in the banking industry in terms of its stellar performance as measured by various performance indicators. This paper attempts to examine the comparative performance of public sector banks namely Punjab National Bank, Bank of India and Bank of Baroda, and private sector banks such as ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank and AXIS Bank over the last three years. Based on the comparative performance of these banks, it investigates into the tactics and strategies of HDFC Bank, which distinguished it from the other banks during the turbulent times.
URBAN MOBILITY IN THE ERA OF SHARING ECONOMY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF SMARTPHONE APP BASED RIDESOURCING SERVICES
Authors: Ganapathy Venkatesh
Published: December 2020

The advent of sharing economy has led to the immense popularity of urban mobility services among riders across the world. Digital mapping of demand and supply of ride sourcing services has resulted in a win-win situation for the ride sourcing service supply chain that has fewer tiers compared to other service supply chains. Driver-partners are assured of regularity in income and a higher capacity utilization of their capital asset (the vehicle). Riders benefit from cheaper prices and the convenience of organizing a ride right from their doorstep. The transportation network companies like Ola and Uber earn a commission on every ride that provides a steady stream of revenues. Sustaining in the long run will need these companies to understand the satisfaction of riders and also the problems that they face so that service deficiencies can be improved upon. Understanding customer feedback will also enable state governments to relate to the challenges in urban mobility services. A survey was carried among the users of Ola cab services to understand their preferences and opinions about the cab services. The results of the study demonstrate that while gender-based differences do exist in matters of customer perceptions about the cab services, there is tremendous scope for improving cab services in the future.
Private Equity in Higher Education Sector in India- Need of the Hour!
Authors: Sharma Meenal , Bharadwaj Gurendra Nath , Kumar Shrey
Published: December 2020

Setting up of an educational institution is not easy and requires a lot of regulatory formalities to be completed before opening and during its operations. If it is shut down within initial phase it is painful as well as legally difficult to close it, especially in India. It has been observed that a significant number of academic institutions of technical higher education have been shut down by the promoters due to lack of financial viability, lack of knowledge of about the business, poor management, and other social factors. The present study is an attempt to find out the reasons of mass failure of many technical higher education institutions and to suggest a unique financing model in order to ensure the quality of education and long-term benefit for the promoters by maintaining financial discipline.
Cointegration of East Asian, Indian and European Marketsâ€“ A Study of Impact on Indian Bourses
Authors: SACHDEVA J K , Nair Jyoti
Published: December 2020

With huge investments flowing from all over the world to India, FIIs (Foreign Institutional Investors) and DIIs (Domestic Institutional Investors), retail investors, investment advisors, brokers and portfolio consultants keep abreast with latest research on fundamentals and technicals. Interdependence between stock markets is an important aspect of international portfolio management. In this paper, impact of Asian Indices like Hang Sang, KOSPI, SET SIT and TSEC on opening prices of Indian index Nifty was studied with various tools like Johansen Cointegration Test, VAR Granger Causality and Pairwise Granger Causality test. Similarly impact of European indices like CAC, FTSE, Euronext, DAX and SMI on Nifty closing prices were studied with same tools. The 3 months, 6 months, one year and 5 year data were subjected to experiment whether series are cointegrated. It was observed that series are cointegrated at very short-term level but for longer period they are not cointegrated, however, they influence others. VAR Granger Causality Test and Pairwise Granger Causality reveal that Hang Sang, KOSPI, SIT and TW (TSEC of Taiwan) impact Nifty Open prices. Nifty influences only TW. KOSPI influences Hang Sang and SET. SET influences KOSPI and TW. Similarly, VAR Granger Causality Test and Pairwise Granger Causality also reveal Nifty closing prices influence CAC, DAX, FTSE
A Study on Consumer Outlook in Skin Care Segment in India
Authors: Venkataraman B
Published: December 2020

The influencing factors that motivate the consumers show diverging trends. Consumers from the North are highly motivated by image followed by impressions. Consumers from the west are fully driven by appearance/personality as influencing factors. In the eastern region image followed by appearance dominate the influencing factors. In the South facial complexion is the moving motive.Consumers still prefer synthetic products in spite of market promotional activities launched for Natural/ Ayurveda products. Based on the primary survey, though certain consumers are keen to shift towards natural/ Ayurveda products, the perceived health benefits have to be quantified by the manufacturers to create demand for the segment Synthetic / Allopathic products dominate the preference for skin care products in the north and south zones. Preference for Ayurveda products was a dominant factor in the East.
Impact of supply chain management on the digital marketing of perishable goods (fruits and vegetables)
Authors: Srivastava Gautam , Anand Neeraj , Jain Arvind Kumar
Published: December 2020

The market scenario in present time is not only limited to take a bag and go out for shopping but instead of that the pattern has now shifted towards going digital. Consumers is only away from its requirements by just a click and the goods will be delivered at his door steps. What can be more beneficial than saving time and money without wandering in the market in search of a right product in reasonable price. In todayâ€™s world digital marketing has totally changed the buying behaviour pattern of the consumers. Now-a-days consumers donâ€™t want to go physically to purchase the products. They just purchase the products through one click on their laptop or mobile. Same things is happening in perishable goods (fruits and vegetables). Now in India mostly in metropolitan citites people purchase fruits and vegetables by using e-commerce websites. Digital marketing has changed the buying behaviour pattern of the consumers. In present era if urban consumers wants to purchase fruits and vegetables they use search engine and search for the best deal. Digital marketing play an important role over there. The e-commerce companies of perishable goods (fruits and vegetables) compete to each for best search engine optimization result. Every company want to display its website on the top of the first page of google, bing and yahoo search engine. The supply chain management also play an important role for these e-commerce companies. The supply chain management should be based on least possible time to deliver the products to the ultimate customers. Consumers want products as soon as possible. This is the main reason that there is a very high competetion among the service providers. This research papers is based on interconnection among the digital marketing and supply chain management of e-commerce companies (fruits and vegetables). Digital marketing helps the companies to bring the consumers on the portal of the company and supply chain management helps to satisfy the consumers because as the customer uses the online portal for a hazzel free and time saving process for which they are paying through their pocket. Therefore it is must to have an intergration among the digital marketing and supply chain management of e-commerce company for the perishable goods (fruits and vegetables).
PERFORMANCE OF AREA, PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CASHEW IN INDIA AND KERALA IN THE GLOBALISED SCENARIO
Authors: J Binu B , Salim A. Abdul
Published: December 2020

Cashew industry is a prominent agro based, export oriented and traditional industry which provides employment and income for the economic development of Kerala. There are lakhs of workers engaged in the cashew processing industry; about ninety four percent are women workers. The performance of cashew in the international scenario reveals the position with which the cashew holds among the agricultural commodities. India is the first country which commercialized cashew as a horticultural crop. Indiaâ€™s raw nut production is not sufficient to sustain the processing capacity established in the country. The low yielding cashew plants of senile and non-descript origin need to be replaced with cashew grafts of high yielding varieties along with adoption of improved production technologies. Higher productivity as well as production is the urgent need for all the major producers of cashew across the globe. The scrutiny of cashew productivity data in India over the last few years indicated stagnation and there was a wide gap existing between the actual and potential yields. It is essential that India should keep pace and meet the requirement of raw cashew nuts for cashew processing industries and achieve self sufficiency. The present paper examines the performance of cashew sector in terms of area, production and productivity in India and Kerala.
Impact of Amalgamation of RRBs on Financial Efficiency and Inclusion A Case of Karnataka RRBs
Authors: Vedam Aditya
Published: December 2020

Abstract: Objective: The adoption of financial sector reforms in response to the economic crisis in the latter half of the nineties had resulted in a levy of spate of dynamic regulatory standards of global financial resilience on banks in India to enable them to operate in an increasingly competitive market environment. These include prudential norms on capital adequacy and NPA provisioning followed by (of late) bank mergers, ostensibly to bolster their financial viability and efficiency. The paper inquires into the impact of â€˜Bank-mergers in the context of the amalgamation of RRBs as the policy response in regard to their impact on financial efficiency and financial inclusion across the period of the merger (1999-2011)Methodology: The paper uses the â€˜taxonomic methodâ€™ to develop a composite index independently for â€˜financial efficiencyâ€™-and â€˜financial Inclusionâ€™ in order to compare the RRBs performance across the period of their amalgamation Conclusion: It finds that the impact on the RRB amalgamation on financial efficiency has been largely â€˜modestâ€™ in the post-amalgamation period, and largely at the expense of their erstwhile mandate of being the â€˜engine of financial inclusionâ€™.
Economics of Horticulture Crops in Jammu and Kashmir: A Case Study of apple fruit
Authors: Kutumbale Vishakha Shreesh , Eytoo Jawad Ul Haque
Published: December 2020

Horticultural sector has assumed ever-increasing importance in Jammu and Kashmir economy. In this regard, the present study was carried out to evaluate the cost and benefits received by the different groups of farmers in the Kulgam and Shopian district of Kashmir valley. For this purpose, data from 180 apple growers was collected through a structured questionnaire. Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) and Cobb-Douglas production function was run to obtain results. The finding indicated that the average profit received by the producer Rs. 350,695.48 on the apple cultivation while in case of different farmers, medium and large size farm owners were major beneficiaries.  Furthermore, the findings indicate that in case of medium size and large farm owners, law of increasing returns to scale was operating while in case of small growers law of decreasing returns was operational. The findings indicate that farm size is key factor in the production efficiency of apple orchards. The significance of the study is that it will help to understand technical efficiency and operational conditions prevalent in the apple orchards.

Keywords: ever-increasing, production function, increasing returns, decreasing returns, production efficiency, technical efficiency, operational condition.
The governance quality of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in MENA region
Authors: Tlili Afef , Idrissi Sonia
Published: December 2020

This paper raises the problem of the quality of governance in the microfinance sector in the MENA region. It suggests the construction of an aggregate index to assess the institutions operating in this sector. The quality of governance is increasingly at the forefront of the major challenges faced by most MFIs, on the road to sustainability. Our sample consists of 18 MFIs belonging to MENA. The analysis of the aggregate index resulting from the data of our sample reveals deterioration in the quality of the governance of the MFIs observed. This observation tends to weaken the viability prospects that are legitimate in terms of microfinance.
Energy Elasticity in India: An Empirical study with Unit level Household Data
Authors: Pandey Alok , Dixit Annapurna
Published: December 2020

In the present study an attempt has been made to estimate the responsiveness of prices and household expenditure on consumption of energy for cooking and lighting at household level in rural and urban areas of All India. Household level energy elasticities are estimated for the rural and urban areas with the help of dummy variable regression approach by using NSSO 66th quinnquenial rounds of unit level data.. The results reveal the fact that average expenditure recorded on energy for cooking and lighting in urban areas is higher than in rural areas at all India level. Majority of the households are using dirty fuel for cooking in rural areas while in urban areas clean fuel i.e. LPG is used for cooking. The expenditure on energy for cooking and lighting at household level is inelastic. The marginal budget share in rural and urban areas is the same. Result reveal the fact that hundred percent increase in prices of energy for cooking and lighting will increase the expenditure of households in rural region more than in urban region.
Impact of Globalization and Liberalization on Indian Democratic Socialism
Authors: SHARMA SHIV KUMAR
Published: December 2020

??? ???????????? ???? ??????????, ???????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?[1]  Maha         Upanishad of Sam Veda tradition propounds that for noble persons who know the supreme truth, whole world is one family. Ancient Indians believed in sarve bhavantu sukhina or happiness of globe. When these Vedic principles are read with the eternal law of Dharma, concept of Vedic Bhumandalikaran (globalisation based on values of Veda) evolves. English philosopher Jeremy Bentham formulated, ‘greatest happiness of the greatest number’. Western 'primum non nocere' means first do no harm. John Stuart Mill stressed that power can be applied upon any member of society only to prevent harm. But LPGC- Liberalization, privatization and globalization when associate with corruption prepare the way for exploitation of some by others. Corruptocracy in the name of democracy and capitalism in the name of development have become tools of ‘minimum number of elites to swallow the share of maximum numbers’. In the contemporary materialistic and selfish world high ethical values are losing their significance. Accumulation of wealth not only for the use of oneself but for increasing red tapes has become ‘modern way of life’. This status improving property of wealth alarmingly proliferating outlawed traits among people of the world.

 

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[1] Mantra VI-72, Maha Upanishad of Sam Veda legacy
Are large urban areas sustainability champions?: A Double Delinking Analysis of Environmental Performance of Global Cities
Authors: SINGH SURENDRA
Published: December 2020

The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between both city size and welfare or prosperity on the one hand, and environmental-climatological outcomes on the other hand. This will be done by examining this intriguing relationship for a sample of 40 large cities in our world (with different size categories and located in countries with different welfare levels). Based on detailed statistical data on a multiplicity of relevant characteristics of these cities (stemming from the GPCI metropolitan data base of the Mori Memorial Foundation (2016)), we have used a super-efficient Data Envelopment Analysis (SE- DEA) to analyse the relative economic-environmental efficiency outcomes of distinct classes of global cities, so as to test the above mentioned double proposition, coined here double delinking or the double Kuznets curve phenomenon.
Integration and efficiency for local and regional equity markets during the global financial crisis
Authors: Sbai Lamia
Published: December 2020

The aim of this paper is to study the link between the market integration and informational efficiency in the local and regional market, while taking into account the global financial crisis. In fact, we employ the methodological approach adopted by Hooy and Lim (2013). On a sample of 29 countries and 4 regions over the period between 1994 and 2016 divided into three phases: the pre- crisis period, 1994-2006, the crisis period, 2007-2009 and the post-crisis period, 2010-2016.  Our results showed that the markets that are more integrated with the US market are also more efficient, which implies that this association is positive and significant in the sub-sample of local and regional emerging stock markets. On the other hand, this association lost its explanatory power during the crisis period as well as when the emerging stock markets is more volatile than their developed counterparts. The results also revealed that the political efforts being made for the market integration and informational efficiency should be complementary as the two policy goals are closely related
Impact of Horizontal Learning Program in Capacity Building of Union Parishad in Bangladesh
Authors: Sharma Shreekant , Mitra Manika
Published: December 2020

This study attempts to investigate the impact of Horizontal Learning Program (HLP) in capacity building of Union Parishad in Bangladesh. In this study, six Union Parishads (UPs) were selected under five divisions of Bangladesh purposively with different identical nature like where the HLP concept was already disseminated, which UPs were already used for piloting of HLP and which were the best performer of HLP good practice. Horizontal Learning Program (HLP) was initiated in November 2007 as a one-year pilot by Local Government Division (LGD) with support from WSP in collaboration with Swiss Development Corporation (SDC), Water and Sanitation Programme (WSP) of World Bank, Water Aid, Dhaka Ahsania Mission, Plan Bangladesh and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has been a partner organization of HLP since 2007. The study found that 97% of the UP Secretaries have knowledge about HLP. 76% UPs are currently involved with HLP whether 16% UPs are not currently involved with HLP. Out of 84 UPs 25 % have 1â‰¤2 number of good practices; 21 % have 3â‰¤4 number of good practices; 17 % have 5â‰¤6 good practices; 13 % have 7â‰¤8 good practices and 11 % had 10 + good practices. The study also reveals that 75% UPs are satisfied with HLP activities. Furthermore, four overarching themes have identified which clearly represent the overall picture of HLP, such as, how HLP contributed; was it supportive program for UPs; how it helped to enhance capacity of UPs; challenges and others.
URBANIZATION AND MIGRATION IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH: AN INTROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Mandal Ram Krishna
Published: December 2020

To understand the dynamics of urban growth, there is a fundamental and pertinent question about migration which holds a place of prominence in a geographical analysis of population change in an area. Migration is most fundamental to the understanding of continuously changing space content and space relationship of an area. Migrants tend to move from areas of lower economic opportunity to those of higher economic opportunity.  Internal migration is a very important component in the population structure of Arunachal Pradesh.  Migration has important economic consequences on employment and unemployment for both the emigrant and immigrant while emigration tends to reduce unemployment and immigrating tends to expand unemployment. The objective of the study is to find out the effects of migration on urbanization in Arunachal Pradesh. This study is an introspective type of research based on secondary data gathered from books, articles, websites, web-based journals, Census Reports, and government offices.
Human Resource Development Climate in Textiles Industries
Authors: Dhanabhakyam M. , Vijaysanthi K.R.
Published: December 2020

HRD is vital to any organization, by which the management can make the workers to achieve the desired organizational goals.Â  The main aim or need of the study to know HRD in Textile Industries.Â  When an employee is made to develop his skill, the target will be achieved quickly.Â  The study clearly portrays the human resource development in the company and where it needs to improve.Â  The study has been made with the help of interview schedule including personal data with OCTAPAC (Openness, Confrontation, Trust, Autonomy, Proaction, Authenticity, Collaboration) culture, general climate HRD mechanisms.Â  The recommendations have been given wherever the HRD needed improvement.Â
Telecommunication Infrastructure in India: AN Uphill Journey
Authors: Singh Sumanjit
Published: December 2020

Making the development of an adequate telecommunication infrastructure has become one of the major goals of policy makers in India. Telecommunication infrastructure consists of many components. It is a combination of civil works, towers, antennae and cables, coupled with hardware and software comprising access, switches and transmission systems all combine to constitute the telecommunication infrastructure. Optical fibre cables, terrestrial wireless, satellite systems and Internet are all key components of the modern infrastructure. Rapid growth of Internet has also created huge new demand for the broadband access.
ICT Industry In India: A Swot Analysis
Authors: Manoj P. K.
Published: December 2020

For an emerging economy like India, fast economic development is possible essentially by embracing ICT in a big way, as ICT alone can provide the requisite competitive edge that is essential for fast and sustained economic growth in a globalized environment. In its endeavor to become the â€˜global services hubâ€™, what India needs to attain is nothing but unmatched performance in respect of ICT, BPO and allied sectors. While, it appears that the policy initiatives so far have been in the right direction and so is the performance of this industry over the years, there is no scope for complacency as is evident from ever growing competition from other nations, especially the developing world. In this context, it is relevant to make an analysis of the trend in respect of the performance of Indian ICT industry over the last few years vis-Ã -vis the rest of the world, the latest developments and trends in the field. Such an analysis would reveal, inter alia, the problems and weaknesses of the industry, as well as its opportunities and threats.Â  Accordingly, it helps us to formulate meaningful strategies that are helpful forÂ  making the industry abreast of the changes. This paper is an effort in this direction.
Poverty In Post Independent Eritrea - Challenges And Implications
Authors: Rena Ravinder
Published: December 2020

Poverty is one of the conspicuous features of the developing economies in Africa. It is more sever in Eritrea where the size of its economy is small, significant economic growth and transformation may take place if Eritrea exploits all opportunities for export of goods and services and is open to foreign investment and can curtail the rampant poverty. No economy can develop without the right mix of educated, experienced and skilled labor.Â  Skill itself isnâ€™t adequate without the right attitude, hope and enthusiasm among the labor force. This indicates that there are other factors which affect poverty of a household in conjunction with education. There is a need for providing complementary factors along side with education so as to alleviate poverty. These results suggest labour market policies as potential instruments for tackling poverty in Eritrea. It is possible that because of the war situation and aging population most of those who are poor and unemployed may turn out to be non employable.Â  Classification-JEL: Keywords:
The Glass Ceiling for Women: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Kumar Suchitra S
Published: December 2020

The human capital approach to the gender disparity is not the only approach available. This paper compares and contrasts the two diverse approaches to understand the issues related to human capital formation in women. These approaches are the patriarchal approach and the human capital approach. The patriarchy approach highlights the role of social structures and power relationships in society, while the human capital approach highlights the importance of differential human capital endowments in explaining differences in labour market earnings. The two approaches are not mutually opposed, though they emphasize different channels that produce differences in labour market earnings.Â  For example, lower earnings because of lower human capital investment in women as a result of social attitudes are entirely compatible with the human capital approach. How does one then distinguish the two approaches in an empirical study? This paper makes an attempt to do so. In this paper we attempt to analyse the labour market discrimination by controlling for variables such as gender, age, experience, number of children, and education in the regressions.
Paving the Way for Business Quality with Integrated Business Innovations: A Case Study Of VERKA
Authors: Suri Gunmala
Published: December 2020

TQM is not a fixed destiny. It is a continuous journey towards excellence. A strong foundation based on Quality Assurance system in any organization is a must for TQM; Stratton (1993). This is essential to adopt a systematic approach towards regular setting of higher goals of improvements and achieving them continually. Organizations that prepare themselves to endure the test of time, maintain cutting edge on a clearly laid down vision, policy and strategies. The vision guides and communicates with the organizationâ€™s people ensuring stead fold commitment to their own aspiration for determining a constancy of purpose. Vision therefore stipulates a process of communication, which builds trust and enables permeation of clear and consistent values through the rank and file of the organization. In order to explore various aspects of international competitiveness MILKFED has identified seven key dimensions (popularly known as 7Cs) have been explored as a case.
Social Work and Elderly: A Glimpse in India
Authors: Konnur Mallikarjun A.
Published: December 2020

According to the 2001 Census of India, there is the pyamidic structure of population that means, there are more proportion of young people.Â  However the projection for 2016 by way of demographic transition indicates larger number of elderly people.Â  Approaching 80 million in number, India has the second largest population of elderly people after China.Â  In India, research on examining the socio-economic dynamics of elderly well being is gradually gaining ground, but access to good data continues to be an obstacle. Conventionally, there are two processes considered to be involved in the ageing of a population, i.e., ageing at the base and ageing at the apex of the population. The former results from a decline in fertility, the latter, mortality reduction among the elderly. There are many types of elderly people, such as urban and rural, employed in organized and un-organized sectors and working in public and private sectors. The elderly men and women also constitute a separate group. The solutions to elderly problems in India require various types of arrangements.Â  For example, the old age homes (for the destitute), Day Care Centres, Rehabilitation Centres, Ashramas or Vishranti Dhamas
Girl Child: An Inferior Good in India
Authors: Kumar Suchitra S
Published: December 2020

The term Sex ratio is defined â€œas the number of females per 1000 males in the populationâ€ (Census, 2001). It is an important social indicator to measure the extent of prevailing equity between males and females in a society at a given point of time. It is mainly the outcome of the interplay of sex differentials in mortality, sex selective migration, sex ratio at birth and at times the sex differential in population enumeration (Census, 2001). The sex ratio is an important indicator of womenâ€™s status in society. We examine whether a girl child is an â€œinferiorâ€ good, in that it has a negative income elasticity of demand. If that is so, the chance of a girl child being actually born would be lower than that for a male child for relatively well off households, even though the children actually born might then go on to receive equal human capital endowments.
SEZs: Lessons from Chinese Experience
Authors: Kaushal Vijay Kumar , Saklani Vikrant
Published: December 2020

China developed SEZs in late 1970s to encourage foreign investment, bringing much needed jobs, technical knowledge and future tax revenues. Chinese governmentâ€™s objective was to bring back compatriots in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. The first four SEZs (Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Xiamen and Shantou) were set up along southeastern coastline and were close to trading and financial centres of these regions. Current SEZs are located in Guangdong province, Fujian province, Hainan province, Hunchun and Pudong development zone (Shanghai). Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou come under Guangdong province, Xiamen comes under fujian province while entire province of Hainan is designated as SEZ.
Emerging Scenario of Trade Potentialities of North-East India: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Mandal Ram Krishna
Published: December 2020

The North-East Region (NER) of India which comprises of eight states, namely Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura shares most of its boundary with China, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Myanmar. The NER accounts for about eight per cent of the country's geographical area and about four per cent of population. Tribals account for more than 30 per cent of the total population of NER. Inadequate and poor infrastructure, inhospitable terrain and a comÂ¬paratively late start in the development process are some of the reasons for economic backÂ¬wardness of the region. However, the NER has certain strengths in different angles to achieve economic development in easy way. From the geo-political angle, the NER is located in a strategic location as it is bounded by these several foreign countries. Naturally it has got both advantages and disadvantages due to its location. So far advantages are concerned it is connected with the South-East Asian countries mainly China, Myanmar, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Cambodia and Indonesia etc where almost half of the worldâ€™s population live. There is no doubt that this vast population could have great advantage for establishing any kind of trade and commerce. But the vary geographical condition basically the rivers and mountains of the country stand as a barrier and create geoâ€“political tensions which ultimately act as most disadvantages factors in creating a conducive atmosphere in the path of developing trade relation among those countries.
Demand Supply Gap in Urban Water Supply and Sanitary Services- A Case Study of Mangalore City Corporation Area
Authors: Nagendra - , Suresh -
Published: December 2020

Today, some 1.1 billion people in developing countries have inadequate access to water, and 2.6 billion lack basic sanitations. These twin deficits were rooted in institutions and political choices, not in waterâ€™s availability. Household water requirements represent a tiny fraction of water use, usually less than 5% of the total, but there is tremendous inequality in access to clean water and to sanitation at a household level. In high-income areas of cities in Asia, Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa people enjoy access to several hundred litres of water a day delivered into their homes at low prices by public utilities. Meanwhile, slum dwellers and poor households in rural areas of the same countries have access to much less than the 20 litres of water a day per person required to meet the most basic human needs. Women and young girls carry a double burden of disadvantage, since they are the ones who sacrifice their time and their education to collect water.
A Study of Attitude of Student and Educators towards ICT
Authors: Thomas Bijoy K.
Published: December 2020

Technology offers the opportunity to change the roles that teachers and students have traditionally played. With technology dispersing information, teachers are free to coach and facilitate students learning. With technology monitoring, students become active and effectively acquire new skills. Educational access to ICT tools, applications, networks and media worldwide has grown dramatically. Students use technology tools to enhance learning, increase productivity, and promote creativity. Students use productivity tools to collaborate in constructing technology-enhanced models, prepare publications, and produce other creative works. Overall attitude of Student Teachers and Teacher Educators was high but attitude is based on certain factors.Â  Major factors were availability and access of Internet.Â  Besides this awareness about the benefits of new communication technologies, access such as computers and connectivity, the language barriers in using Internet and motivation to use information available on the Internet are also considered as the factors affecting the usage of online education.Â
Economic Reforms and Social Justice in India
Authors: Satija Kalpana C
Published: December 2020

If one traces the changes in India's economic policies over the last five decades, they bear the imprint of changing geopolitical dynamics. While India's policy makers often couch their agendas in ideological terms, in reality the economy has been steered by the ruling elite to their economic advantage. Therefore, liberalization and the permissible boundaries within which a reform process will operate can be best understood if contextually examined and interpreted. This paper attempts to explain the dynamics of the economic policy process and outlines the contours of India's liberalization program
Choice of the Path of Fiscal and Monetary Policy Coordination in China
Authors: Cai Xiuyun
Published: December 2020

he role of monetary policies regulating social the aggregate demand is highlighted, while the role in restructuring the supply and demand are greater limitations. The Central Bank indirectly affects the currency in circulation and the total size of credit by adjusting the statutory deposit reserve rate, the rediscount rate, open market operations; The Central Bank increases or decreases in money supply by limiting the loan quota and the currency issuance. Thus the role of the monetary policies in alleviating serious problems in the field of circulation area is more rapid, clear and effective. However, the central bank can not loan directly to a large number of economic development in lagging industries especially public goods industries as a result of the restrict of the credit funds movement, and therefore the role of monetary policies in improving the social structure and the rate relationship of national economy is relatively limited. The structural imbalance between domestic demand and external demand makes the Chinese economy affected seriously in the circumstances of the U.S. financial crisis and a sudden decline in global demand.
A Study on Growth and Financial Efficiency of Selected Sugar Companies in India
Authors: Chellaswamy P. , Revathi S.V.
Published: December 2020

Sugar industry is the largest agro-based industry located in the rural India. About 45 million sugarcane farmers, their dependents and a large mass of agricultural labours are involved in sugarcane cultivation, harvesting and ancillary activities, and constituting 7.5 per cent of the rural population. Beside these, about 0.5 million skilled and semi-skilled workers, mostly from the rural areas are engaged in the sugar industry. The sugar industry in India has been a focal point for socio-economic development in the rural areas by mobilizing rural resources, generating employment and higher income, transport and communication facilities. Further, many sugar factories have established schools, colleges, medical centers and hospitals for the benefit of the rural population. Some of the sugar factories have also diversified into byproduct based industries and have invested and put up distilleries, organic chemical plants, paper and board factories and cogeneration plants. The industry generates its own replenish able biomass and uses it as fuel without depending on fossil fuel. The sugar industryâ€™s contribution to the Indian economy is, therefore, enormous.Â