bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy in patients with infective endocarditis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wen Wen , Li Hong , Wang Chunyi , Chen Chen , Tang Jiake , Zhou Mengyun , Hong Xuwei , Cheng Yongran , Wu Qi , Zhang Xingwei , Feng Zhanhui , Wang Mingwei
Published: June 2022

Background. To investigate the clinical outcome of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) during and after outpatient parenteral antimicrobial treatment (OPAT), and to further clarify the safety and efficacy of OPAT for IE patients. Methods. Through December 20, 2021, a total of 331 articles were preliminarily searched in Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase, and 9 articles were eventually included in this study. Results. A total of 9 articles comprising 1,116 patients were included in this study. The overall mortality rate of patients treated with OPAT was 0.04 (95% CI, 0.02-0.07), that means 4 deaths per 100 patients treated with OPAT. Separately, mortality was low during the follow-up period after OPAT treatment, with an effect size (ES) of 0.03 (95%CI, 0.02-0.07) and the mortality of patients during OPAT treatment was 0.04 (95% CI, 0.01-0.12). In addition, the readmission rate was found to be 0.14 (95% CI, 0.09-0.22) during the follow-up and 0.18 (95% CI, 0.08-0.39) during treatment, and 0.16 (95% CI, 0.10-0.24) for patients treated with OPAT in general. Regarding the relapse of IE in patients, our results showed a low overall relapse rate, with an ES of 0.03 (95% CI, 0.01-0.05). In addition, we found that the incidence of adverse events was low, with an ES of 0.26 (95% CI, 0.19-0.33). Conclusion. In general, the incidence of adverse events and mortality, readmission, and relapse rates in IE patients treated with OPAT are low both during treatment and follow-up period after discharge, indicating that OPAT is safe and effective for IE patients. However, our study did not compare routine hospitalization as a control group, so conclusions should be drawn with caution. In order to obtain more scientific and rigorous conclusions and reduce clinical risks, it is still necessary to conduct more research in this field and improve the patient selection criteria for OPAT treatment, especially for IE patients. Finally, clinical monitoring and follow-up of OPAT-treated patients should be strengthened.
Morphological investigation of reparative processes in the area of the defect of cartilage tissue of the external ear of the rabbit after the local application of allogenic mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Minin Yuriy V. , Karas Anton F. , Karas Halyna A. , Kucherenko Tetiana I. , Chaika Svitlana P. , Virych Pavlo A. , Shuvalova Nagiya S. , Raskaliei Tetiana Ya.
Published: June 2022

Purpose: to study the features of the restoration of rabbits outer ear elastic cartilage tissue in the area of the defect after its filling with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
Materials and methods: Studies were performed on 24 sexually mature rabbits. All animals under general anaesthesia underwent surgery to create a standardized linear defect and were divided into experimental (15 rabbits) and control (9 rabbits) groups. In the experimental group, the defect was filled with suspensions of MSCs in the amount of 5 million cells, and in the control group of cells was not introduced. MSCs were obtained from the
umbilical cord of rabbits by the enzymatic method. After the first passage of the MSCs culture, was studied MSCs stem potential and tested ability to differentiating. Material for morphological studies was taken after 1, 2 and 3 months, cryostat sections were prepared hematoxylin-eosin and picrofuxin staining were performed according to van Gizon, as well as morphometry.
Results: The introduction of suspensions of allogeneic MSCs in the experiment in the cartilage defect of the outer ear of rabbits causes healing with the activation of pre-existing embryonic cartilage cells, the appearance of cells in a state of division in the adjacent zone, activation of angiogenesis and promotes fibrotization with a predominance of loose connective tissue 1 month after surgery. After 3 months, a more pronounced activation of chondrogenesis is observed with the growth of chondrocytes and their increased number in lacunae, the appearance of isogenic groups of cells, which is combined with vascular activation and the growth of dense scar connective tissue,increased fibroblasts and the number of collagen fibers in the defect area, as well as in the absence of a complete restoration of the characteristic cartilage structure. At that time, in the control group, in the process of defect healing 1 month after the operation, along with the detection of a reduced zone of activation of cartilage chondrocytes and collagen fibers, the development of destructive-dystrophic processes of chondrocytes and the extracellular cartilage matrix was observed. The morphometry data quantitatively confirm a more pronounced activation of chondrogenesis in the areas adjacent to the cartilage defect under the conditions of MSC injection compared to the control. The difference is 20.8% 1 month after the operation and 14.2% 3 months later. The results obtained indicate the promise of using MSCs to activate reparative processes in the area of rabbits outer ear cartilage tissue defect.
Bamboo Bridges: A Nature-based Solution
Authors: Rong Kang , Ekeland Anders , Shao Changzhuan , Zhang Yan , Shangguan Shuyi
Published: June 2022

Given the urgency of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, developing countries are unable to develop their infrastructure, including small houses and bridges, using the same carbon dioxide (CO2) emission "heavy" technologies as the "West" has used. Using the case of two bamboo bridge projects in China, we argue that a nature-based solution (NBS), like bamboo and wood, means considerably fewer CO2 emissions compared to a similar bridge made of concrete and/or steel, and therefore should become the norm for small bridges worldwide. Another important aspect of a bamboo bridge is how this technology, an NBS based on local materials and knowledge, situates itself in the local community compared to a concrete or steel bridge. Creating local, or at least non-urban employment by using bamboo and using local knowledge about bamboo construction in combination with help from public scientific institutions means less dependence on high-tech capital equipment and high-level engineering expertise, which are scarce and/or expensive in developing countries. The fact that a bamboo bridge can perform cultural and social functions to a greater extent than a concrete bridge, resulting in the local community becoming more engaged in the bridge's construction and maintenance, can be an important additional factor in convincing the local community to choose a bamboo bridge, given that global warming is, by its very nature, an issue much more remote from everyday life in small rural communities.
The Need for Community Based SRHR Mentors in Improving Young People’s Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR): A Case of the “Get Up Speak Out” Programme Implemented in Western Kenya
Authors: Oria Kevin , Wafula Charles , Chelagat Faith , Balla Alga , Ochieng Marlyn , Odida Denis , Otieno Sharon , Ochola Grace
Published: June 2022

Kenya’s Community Health Strategy (CHS) focuses on health actions for improved health at level one (community-based level). Poor health indicators have been reported among young people over the years; hence TICH, in its design for the Get Up Speak Out (GUSO) program, adopted the community-based approach (Community Health Strategy) by training and engaging 29 Community Health Volunteers as the SRHR youth group mentors for the GUSO program. Thereafter, the mentors were assigned roles with the aim of improving young people’s SRHR in their respective communities. The study was conducted among mentors to assess their knowledge and practice towards youth-friendly service, as well as the challenges they experience in mentoring the young people in the community. The survey was a full-coverage survey (target participants included all the 29 youth mentors engaged in the GUSO program). The study engaged an e-platform for questionnaire administration in adherence to the Covid-19 preventive guidelines from the Ministry of Health. The study found that most males are the most concerned with mentoring young people compared to women mentors with key support that mentors provide to young people during the mentorship process are attending young people meetings and providing training to young people. This study highlights the importance of CHVs when trained as mentors in supporting young people’s SRHR information and service access. The study emphasises the integration of tasks in line with young people’s SRHR alongside the CHVs normal tasks as a working strategy for improving young people’s SRHR situations in the community. However, the study highlights the gap in CHVs capacity to handle the hard-to-reach young people with SRHR information and services.
Winter flooding recharges groundwater in almond orchards with limited effects on root dynamics and yield
Authors: Ma Xiaochi , Dahlke Helen , Duncan Roger , Doll David , Martinez Paul , Lampinen Bruce , Volder Astrid
Published: June 2022

California signed the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) into law in 2014. SGMA requires groundwater-dependent regions to halt overdraft and develop plans to reach an annual balance of pumping and recharge. Groundwater aquifers can be recharged by flooding agricultural fields when fallow, but this has not been an option for perennial crops such as fruit and nut trees. While flooding these crops might be possible during the dormant season, it is not known what impact flooding might have on tree-root systems, health and yield. We followed root production, tree water status and yield in two almond orchards in Northern California for 2 years to test the impact of applying captured winter water runoff for groundwater recharge purposes on tree performance. Results showed that more than 90% of the water applied to sandy soil and 80% of the water applied to loamy soil percolated past the root zones, with no measured adverse effects on tree water status, canopy development or yield. Groundwater recharge did not negatively affect new root production and tended to extend root lifespan. Based upon these data, applying additional water in late December and January is not likely to have negative impacts on almond orchards in moderately drained to well-drained soils.
Motivation Moderating the Influence of Organizational Culture and Leadership on Employment Performance
Authors: Saluy Ahmad Badawi , Armansyah Sandhi , Djamil Mashyudzulhak , Mulyana Bambang , Pramudena Sri Marti , Rinda Rachmatullaily Tinakartika , Endri Endri
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine the test results of the influence of organizational culture and leadership on employee performance by using intervening variables derived from motivation. There are 87 respondents used in this study. All respondents are employees at the "ABC" university. This study uses a quantitative approach. The primary data used in this study came from the results of filling out the questionnaire. Partial Least Square analysis technique with SmartPLS program is used to analyze the data resulting from filling out the questionnaire. This study produced several findings based on the results of the analysis has been carried out, it was including: (1) The positive influence is shown by organizational culture on employee work motivation; (2) The positive influence is shown by leadership on employee work motivation; (3) The positive influence is shown by organizational culture on employee performance; (4) The positive influence is shown by leadership on employee performance; (5) The positive effect is shown by work motivation on performance; (6) The influence of culture on performance can be mediated by motivation; (7) In addition, motivation can also mediate the influence of leadership on performance. Based on the analysis that has been done, this study also shows that mediating motivation and competence on employee performance can be done by career development.
Investigating the link between Self-Concept and Job Performance of Agricultural Science Teachers in selected Secondary Schools in Namibia’s Zambezi Region
Authors: Mashebe Mashebe Percy , Zulu Africa
Published: June 2022

A teacher’s job performance is impacted by diverse components including, among others, the individual self-concept in teaching a particular school subject. The teacher’s self-concept is the perception or belief that he/she has about his/her psychological well-being and occupational satisfaction. The study investigated the job performance self-concept of Agricultural Science teachers in selected secondary schools in Zambezi Region of Namibia. A qualitative research design involving an individual face-to-face interview was used to collect data on teachers’ job performance self-concept from a sample of 12 participants. The study used purposive sampling to select the 12 participants made up of 6 male and 6 female Agricultural science teachers currently teaching in the study area. The results of the study revealed that the majority of the participants were proficient in both theory and practical skills, while a handful further indicated that they could identify the needs of the syllabus and that of the learners. These components were considered essential in nurturing learners’ achievement in Agricultural Science. The study further revealed that gender plays no significant role concerning teacher’s competencies in teaching Agricultural Science in the Zambezi region. However, it was found that the participants who had more years of Agricultural Science teaching experience were better equipped with subject content knowledge than their less experienced counterparts.
Comparative Analysis of Social Responses Between Mothers with Preterm and Term Babies in Teaching Hospital, Ile – Ife, Osun State
Authors: Arewa Florence Olanike , Aluko Joel O.
Published: June 2022

Social response is the ability of a person to adjust to a new environment or circumstances with the goal of becoming a better person. Parenthood is often seen as a happy, gratifying, and fulfilling experience. Due to various reasons, babies’ gestational age inclusive, mothers may exhibit diverse social responses. This can affect maternal bonding, immediate child’s care and future development of the child, the family and society at large. This study therefore was conducted to comparatively analyze the social responses of mothers with preterm and term babies. The study adopted a quantitative descriptive non-experimental comparative survey design. A sample size of 98 and 102 mothers with preterm babies in neonatal and term babies in postnatal wards respectively in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State were selected using a purposive sampling technique. A self-designed questionnaire with Cronbach’s alpha consistency scores ranging from 0.78 – 0.88 was used for data collection. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 using both descriptive and inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance. Result showed that both group of mothers had higher positive social responses, mothers of term babies exhibited a slightly higher positive social response (84.3%) compared to mothers of preterm babies (76.5%). There was a significant difference between the social responses of mothers with preterm and term babies. However, the social response mean difference (0.078) was not statistically significant (p= .168). In conclusion, this study shows that women who experience a preterm birth express increased negative social responses compared to mothers with term babies. It was recommended that health care providers especially nurses must be adequately skilled with the ability to detect, and intervene promptly and appropriately in prevention and management of negative social responses in newly delivered mothers.
Jezikoslovni nazivi u suvremenim udžbenicima hrvatskoga jezika
Authors: Nemeth-Jajić Jadranka , Božanić Petra
Published: June 2022

Od uvođenja predmetnoga kurikula za Hrvatski jezik 2019. godine do danas izrađeni su novi udžbenici hrvatskoga jezika, a cilj ovoga rada bio je istražiti koliko su oni usklađeni u uporabi jezikoslovnoga nazivlja. Dosadašnja su istraživanja naime uputila na neujednačenost i nedosljednost uporabe jezikoslovnoga nazivlja u udžbenicima hrvatskoga jezika koja se, među ostalim, ogleda u brojnim sinonimnim parovima i nizovima, što stvara poteškoće u školskoj praksi. U prvoj fazi istraživanja, koja se prikazuje u ovom radu, analizirani su svi osnovnoškolski udžbenici od petoga do osmoga razreda, pri čem su razmatrani nazivi na fonološkoj, morfološkoj, sintaktičkoj, leksikološkoj i pravopisnoj razini. Rezultati analize udžbenika uspoređeni su s nazivljem u suvremenim školskim gramatikama i hrvatskim pravopisima te s Nastavnim planom i programom za osnovnu školu iz 2006. i s predmetnim kurikulom za Hrvatski jezik – Kurikulum nastavnoga predmeta Hrvatski jezik za osnovne škole i gimnazije iz 2019. Iako na svim razmatranim razinama i u novim udžbenicima ima naziva koji se različito imenuju, ipak se može zaključiti da su suvremeni udžbenici glede uporabe jezikoslovnih naziva u većoj mjeri usklađeni od prijašnjih udžbenika.
Physico-Mechanical Properties of Industrial Tea Waste Reinforced Jute Unsaturated Polyester Composites
Authors: Aftab Hrithita , Rahman G. M. Shafiur , Kamruzzaman Md. , Khan Mubarak A. , Ali Md. Farhad , Mamun Muhammad Abdullah Al
Published: June 2022

The industrial tea waste reinforced jute polyester composites (ITW-JPC) were prepared by hand lay-up method for six different wt% (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%) at 115˚C temperature. The effect of industrial tea waste filler on mechanical, physical, structural, and thermal properties in jute polyester composites were evaluated. It is found that tensile strength and flexural strength improved continuously with increasing filler loading up to 9wt% but decreased at 12wt% due to weak interfacial bonding and irregular distribution of filler and matrix. The maximum value of elongation at break (%) and Rockwell hardness were found in 0wt% and 15wt% composites respectively. The hardness increases when the resistance of the materials to the deformation increases. It is seen that water absorption and soil degradation are enhanced for all composites with the accumulation of filler content and time. The structural examination and functional group identification were investigated by using Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR) analysis. Thermal analysis of ITW-JPC showed that thermal degradation of composites started almost at the same time and the degradation of composites was occurring in three stages. Surface morphology and interfacial properties such as internal cracks, and fiber pull-out were examined through scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis.
NEUROCIÊNCIA NO TRATAMENTO DOS TRANSTORNOS DEPRESSIVOS
Authors: Leandro K. Castanhede André , De Abreu Rodrigues Fabiano , Fernando Lopes Dias Alves Paulo , Dos Reis Alves Margieli
Published: June 2022

Como a neurociência pode tomar a frente no desenvolvimento de tratamento dos transtornos depressivos? Desse modo, faz se necessário entender que o transtorno neurobiológico da depressão, é um tema dos estudos no sentido de decifrar a mente humana, observando a complexidade do Sistema Nervoso Central , entendendo o que pode ser limitante durante as  neurotransmissões, os prejuízos visualizados no SNC por meio das neuroimagens feitas internamente no cérebro, e claro, as possíveis medidas de intervenção tradicional e as novas descobertas que podem ser a chave para entender a neurociência dadepressão. A modernização dos exames para investigação do sistema nervoso central (SNC) são grandes ferramentas que contribuem com a psiquiatria de modo geral. Os estudos científicos desenvolvidos atualmente consideram muito além dos aspectos mentais. Desta forma, a neurociência se insere no vasto campo dos transtornos cognitivas.
The Effect of Muscle Energy Technique and Posture Correction Exercises on Pain and Function in Patients with Non-specific Chronic Neck Pain Having Forward Head Posture—a Randomized Controlled Trail
Authors: Joshi, MPT Reema , Poojary, BPT Nishita
Published: June 2022

Background: Neck pain is a common problem in individuals despite different types of working patterns. Forward head posture is a common identified cause of chronic neck pain in patients. The effect of long-term forward head posture can be loss of function which can limit individuals’ capacity to work or do activities of daily living; hence it becomes necessary to intervene with muscle strengthening to improve neck stability, as well as mobility.Purpose: To assess effectiveness of muscle energy technique (MET) and posture correction exercises on pain and function in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain having forward head posture.Study Setting: Outpatient department of Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, Pune, India.Participants: Both males and females between the ages of 21-60 years with a cranio-vertebral angle of less than 48° were included in study.Research Design: A randomized clinical trial. Methodology: MET group received muscle energy treatment + posture correction exercises, and control group receiving neck range of motion treatment. Outcomes measures were pain (Numerical Pain Rating Scale), function (Neck Disability Index), and cranio- vertebral angle (MB ruler).Results: Forty-eight subjects were included in the analysis, with 23 participants in Group A (MET) and 25 in Group B (Control). While both groups showed within-group improvements, Group A had significantly greater decreases in neck pain (p < .001), Neck Disability Index scores (p < .001), and significantly greater improvements in cranio-vertebral angles (p < .025) compared to group B.Conclusion: The combined effect of MET and posture correction exercises provides significantly greater results than neck range of motion treatment, and muscle energy technique should be included in the treatment of non-specific chronic neck pain in individuals with forward head posture.
SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION THROUGH STAFF EXCHANGE
Authors: Jagoda Agnieszka , Marcinkowski Jakub , Sztemberg-Lewandowska Miroslawa
Published: June 2022

In the relevant literature there is a widely recognized consensus of understanding supply chain’s integration (SCI) in terms of the informational, material or financial flows. However, there are very few publications including people or human as flows in the SC. We equate them with staff exchange activities – sending / delegating company employees to work in partner organizations. The main objective of the article is to explore and explain the role of staff exchange activities as a factor integrating the SC as well as projections of directions for development. In the research process 1232 enterprises from Poland, EU were included; 500 of them declared the occurrence of staff exchange activi-ties in the SC; 732 enterprises denied such situation. The considerations in our study on the role of such activities in the context of SCI indicate the need to recognize the fact that they are an important factor of SCI.
SKILLS NEEDED IN FAMILY BUSINESSES – CASE STUDY SLOVENIA AND CROATIA
Authors: Letonja Marina , Vilman Zineta , Puvača Milan
Published: June 2022

Family businesses make up more than 60% of all companies in Europe. From there, special attention and focus should be raised to such organisations. Especially that is true when talking to younger generations, where iden-tifying main skills for family businesses to survive in the global market is a challenging task. Additional obstacles arise when talking about succession and further development by new generations – successors. Main goal of the research is to analyse skills needed for successful transmission between generations among Slovenian and Croatian family busi-nesses while the purpose of the research is to raise awareness among family businesses in Slovenia and Croatia about the importance of key knowledge and skills for a successful succession transfer. Research addresses the need for knowl-edge and skills, important for the successful transfer of family businesses between generations. Combination of quan-titative and qualitative research strategy with closed type of questions and semi-structured interviews was used as a research model. Main findings indicate that Slovenian family businesses are more open and aware of important knowl-edge needed for the transfer of family businesses (ex. leadership, innovation, education, etc.). Conducted research is providing a great base for comparison among other EU countries as well as USA or eastern economies. Findings are also usable in possible sociology/psychology insights about the reasons why differences are occurring, but also a poten-tial framework for correlations (more aware economies, better results) and a case study for student courses.
MARKETING EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION POSSIBILITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR BUSINESS: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Skačkauskienė Ilona , Nekrosiene Julija
Published: June 2022

The importance of marketing effectiveness evaluation and its impact on businesses is the core discussion in this article. After reviewing scientific articles on marketing effectiveness topics, the lack of a unified approach for mar-keting effectiveness evaluation was determined. In order to measure marketing effectiveness, it is important to set the specific goals and objectives for particular marketing activity, as well as select for evaluation the appropriate measure-ment methods and metrics. The selected evaluation system has to contribute to the company’s marketing strategy and the achievement of the overall business goals. It leads businesses to effective marketing strategies and gain better re-sults on marketing investments. Bibliometric analysis of scientific literature provides the overview significant scientific sources, such as the latest relevant articles, leading authors, contributing countries and journals with publications on marketing effectiveness evaluation field, as well most significant keywords for future analysis.
WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGILE CAPABILITIES AND INNOVATION PROCESS?
Authors: Akkaya Bulent , Bagieńska Anna
Published: June 2022

Today’s business environments are described as very highly competitive and dynamic. To be successful in these uncertain environments, health care organizations must be agile in order to change their strategies and actions. Moreover, achieving success is related to developing the innovative capacity of an organization. The purpose of this research is to test the link between agility capabilities and innovation process in healthcare organizations in Western of Turkey. Based on a quantitative study with a sample of 169 nurse managers from the healthcare organization, the hypothesized relationships were verified. The data were analysed with SPSS. The results showed that there is a posi-tive link between agility capabilities (competency, responsiveness, flexibility and quickness) and process innovation. The promotion and development of main capabilities of organization’s agility can have a positive effect on innovation.
MARS: A New Maximum-entropy-regularized Strong Lensing Mass Reconstruction Method
Authors: Cha Sangjun , Jee M. James
Published: June 2022

Free-form strong-lensing (SL) mass reconstructions typically suffer from overfitting, which manifests itself as false-positive small-scale fluctuations. We present a new free-form MAximum-entropy ReconStruction (MARS) method without the assumption that light traces mass (LTM). The MARS algorithm enables us to achieve excellent convergence in source positions (∼0.″001), minimize spurious small-scale fluctuations, and provide a quasi-unique solution independently of initial conditions. Our method is tested with the publicly available synthetic SL data FF-SIMS. The comparison with the truth shows that the mass reconstruction quality is on par with those of the best-performing LTM methods published in the literature, which have been demonstrated to outperform existing free-form methods. In terms of the radial mass profile reconstruction, we achieve <1% agreement with the truth for the regions constrained by multiple images. Finally, we apply MARS to A1689 and find that the cluster mass in the SL regime is dominated by the primary halo centered on the brightest cluster galaxy and the weaker secondary halo is also coincident with the bright cluster member ∼160 kpc northeast. Within the SL field, the A1689 radial profile is well described by a Navarro–Frenk–White profile with c
200 = 5.53 ± 0.77 and

r

s

=

538

−
100

+
90

kpc, and we find no evidence that A1689 is overconcentrated.
Scattering of Lyα Photons through the Reionizing Intergalactic Medium: I. Spectral Energy Distribution
Authors: Park Hyunbae , Kim Hyo Jeong , Ahn Kyungjin , Song Hyunmi , Jung Intae , Ocvirk Pierre , Shapiro Paul R. , Dawoodbhoy Taha , Sorce Jenny G. , Iliev Ilian T.
Published: June 2022

During reionization, a fraction of galactic Lyα emission is scattered in the intergalactic medium (IGM) and appears as diffuse light extending megaparsecs from the source. We investigate how to probe the properties of the early galaxies and their surrounding IGM using this scattered light. We create a Monte Carlo algorithm to track individual photons and reproduce several test cases from previous literature. Then, we run our code on the simulated IGM of the CoDaII simulation. We find that the scattered light can leave an observable imprint on the emergent spectrum if collected over several square arcminutes. Scattering can redden the emission by increasing the path lengths of photons, but it can also make the photons bluer by upscattering them according to the peculiar motion of the scatterer. The photons emitted on the far blue side of the resonance appear more extended in both frequency and space compared to those emitted near the resonance. This provides a discriminating feature for the blueward emission, which cannot be constrained from the unscattered light coming directly from the source. The ionization state of the IGM also affects the scattered light spectrum. When the source is in a small H ii region, the emission goes through more scatterings in the surrounding H i region regardless of the initial frequency and ends up more redshifted and spatially extended. This can result in a weakening of the scattered light toward high z during reionization. Our results provide a framework for interpreting the scattered light to be measured by high-z integral-field-unit surveys.
Not That Simple: The Metallicity Dependence of the Wide Binary Fraction Changes with Separation and Stellar Mass
Authors: Niu Zexi , Yuan Haibo , Wang Yilun , Liu Jifeng
Published: June 2022

The metallicity dependence of the wide binary fraction (WBF) is critical for studying the formation of wide binaries. While controversial results have been found in recent years, here we combine the wide binary catalog recognized from Gaia EDR3 and stellar parameters from LAMOST to investigate this topic. Taking the bias of the stellar temperature at given separations into account, we find that the relationship between the WBF and metallicity depends on the temperature for the thin disk at s > 200 au. It changes from negative to positive as the temperature increases from 4000 to 7500 K. This temperature/mass dependence is not seen for the thick disk. Besides, the general tendency between the WBF and metallicity varies with the separation, consistent with previous results. It shows anticorrelation at small separations, s < 200 au for the thin disk and s < 600 au for the thick disk. Then it becomes an “arcuate” shape at larger separations (hundreds to thousands of astronomical units), peaking at [Fe/H] ≈0.1 for the thin disk and [Fe/H] ≈−0.5 for the thick disk. Finally it becomes roughly flat for the thin disk at 1000 < s < 10,000 au. Our work provides new observational evidence for theoretical studies on binary formation and evolution.
SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding and susceptibility: perspectives on gender and asymptomatic patients
Authors: Engku Abd Rahman Engku Nur Syafirah , Al-Fendi Ali MR Murad , Irekeola Ahmad Adebayo , Musa Nurfadhlina , Furusawa Go , Chan Yean Yean
Published: June 2022

Despite efforts to contain and manage the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak which was declared a public health emergency of international concern in January 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO), the COVID-19 pandemic still remains a major global challenge. Patients who display the classical symptoms of the infection are easily identified, tested, isolated and monitored. However, many cases of infected asymptomatic patients have been documented. These patients are not easily identified even though many evidences suggest that they can spread the virus to others. How and why these COVID-19 asymptomatic presentations occur remain unclear. The many theories and views are conjectural, and supporting evidences are still needed. In this review, we described the trend in SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding and susceptibility, providing perspectives on gender differences and asymptomatic patients. We further discussed how genetics, gender, viral inoculum, and pre-existing immunity may influence asymptomatic presentations in COVID-19 infections. We hope that this article improves our understanding of asymptomatic SAR-CoV-2 infection and it sheds light on some salient areas that should be considered as the search for a potent vaccine continues.
Invasive candidiasis among high prevalence neurological patients
Authors: Rinawati Weny , Kumalawati July , Bardosono Saptawati , Immanuel Suzanna , Sukartini Ninik , Indrasari Nuri Dyah
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Invasive candidiasis is a severe form of infection. The incidence of invasive fungal infections has increased, due to the increasing number of patients with impaired immunity who are being treated through prolonged stay in hospital facilities. Neurological patient treatment methods such as antimicrobials, corticosteroid, central venous catheter (CVC), total parenteral nutrition, and mechanical ventilation use are associated with common risk factors for invasive candidiasis. Our study demonstrated invasive candidiasis prevalence among neurological patients.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done with consecutive sampling of neurological patients who were hospitalized from January 2017 to February 2020 at the Mahar Mardjono National Brain Center Hospital East Jakarta Indonesia. Patients with sepsis, septic shock, or fever (> 38.5 °C), and who had not received antifungals before culture were enrolled in the study. Clinical specimens were obtained from blood, liquor cerebrospinal or other sterile sites, CVC, respiratory tract specimens, and urine or other non-sterile sites. Socio-demographic data, potential risk factors based on previous studies, clinical, and other tests data were obtained from medical records. Classification of invasive candidiasis was according to the Paphitou classification criteria.

Results: One hundred and two subjects met the study criteria. The prevalence of invasive candidiasis in neurological patients was 13.7%. All of the isolates were C. parapsilosis.

Conclusions: The prevalence of invasive candidiasis was high in the samples studied. The infection was associated with septic shock, tracheostomy, and duration of use of central venous catheter, ventilator, and steroids.
The susceptibility pattern and distribution of blaOXA-23 genes of clinical isolate Acinetobacter baumannii in a tertiary hospital, Indonesia
Authors: Anggraini Dewi , Kemal Rahmat Azhari , Hadi Usman , Kuntaman Kuntaman
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii, a pathogen of concern in hospitals worldwide, has diverse antimicrobial resistance mechanisms leading to limiting the antibiotic options and carbapenemase enzyme production is one of the common mechanisms in carbapenem resistance. The epidemiology and resistance pattern of clinical isolates are critical in developing a prevention and treatment strategy. The aim of this was to determine the prevalence and resistance pattern of carbapenem non-susceptible strains (CNS) A. baumannii at Arifin Achmad General Hospital, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.

Methodology: Data were retrieved from the culture and susceptibility test results from various clinical specimens from January 2015 to December 2019. A susceptibility test was conducted using Vitek 2 Compact following the manufacturer’s protocol. To explore the genetic profile of CNS A. baumannii, we amplified the blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes, carbapenemase producing genes, using a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) among 24 isolates Chi-squared was used to assess the factors associated with the presence of CNS A. baumannii.

Results: Between 2015-2019, 1.263 A. baumannii isolates were tested and the prevalence of CNS A. baumannii was 50%. The trend decreased from 53% in 2016 to 45% in 2019. The proportion of CNS A. baumannii was higher among samples from patients treated in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) compared to non-ICU (p < 0.001). The CNS A. baumannii was also more frequently detected from sputum than from non-sputum samples (p = 0.009). CNS A. baumannii were highly resistant to almost all antibiotics and the highest susceptibility was to amikacin, tigecycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with 64%, 53%, and 43%, respectively. The blaOXA-23 gene was detected in 92% of tested CNS A. baumannii isolates.

Conclusions: The prevalence of CNS A. baumannii is high at Arifin Achmad Hospital Riau, Indonesia. This is also supported by the high prevalence of the blaOXA-23 gene among tested isolates. Based on the antibiotic susceptibility pattern there are limited antibiotic choices for CNS A. baummannii urging the strengthening of antimicrobial stewardship programs in the country.
Hemipilia zhuxiensis (Orchideae, Orchidaceae), a new species from Hubei Province, China
Authors: Chen Xi-Tang , Yi Li-Sha , Lu Gui-Hua , Lan De-qing , Qin Rui , Liu Hong
Published: June 2022

A new orchid species, is described and illustrated. Hemipilia zhuxiensis from the Shibali Long Canyon National Nature Reserve, Hubei Province, China, which is morphologically similar to Hemipilia henryi and Hemipilia calophylla. This species is assigned to H. section Hemipilia but differs from other species in having gibbous lip, shorter spur and unobvious lobes. Phylogenetic analyses were also conducted based on the three plastid DNA regions (matK, trnL intron and trnL-F spacer). The analyses revealed the phylogenetic relations between this species and its close allies.
Le cadeau dans les relations diplomatiques du royaume du Danhomè au XIX e siècle
Authors: Beaujean Gaëlle
Published: June 2022

Cet article se penche sur le parcours et l’aura politique des cadeaux diplomatiques au xix e  siècle entre les rois du Danhomè et les ambassades non africaines. Les relations commerciales entre le Danhomè et deux autres continents se nouent au début du xviii e  siècle autour de la déportation d’esclaves vers l’Amérique. Au début du xix e  siècle, à l’heure de l’abolition de la traite, des ambassades se déplacent pour négocier. Des échanges de cadeaux marquent le début et la fin des tractations. Les présents renseignent sur la perception que le donateur se fait du goût de son destinataire, sur la performance de l’objet dans la relation politique et le processus transculturel de l’objet.
Insécurité ou précarité
Authors: Paturel Dominique
Published: June 2022

Les deux notions sont souvent confondues. « Insécurité » et « précarité » renvoient pourtant à des choix politiques précis, et parfois contestables, dans le traitement de la question alimentaire.
Marchandise pas comme les autres
Authors: Clémenceau Benjamin
Published: June 2022

Les habitudes alimentaires, profondément enracinées culturellement, ne plaident pas en faveur d’une gouvernance mondiale. La promotion d’une démocratie alimentaire portée par les citoyens consommateurs fait néanmoins son chemin.
Le cadre de l’apprentissage par problématisation et les questions de l’évaluation
Authors: Doussot Sylvain , Gomes Lucie , Hersant Magali , Lebouvier Bruno , Orange Christian
Published: June 2022

Le cadre de l’apprentissage par problématisation (CAP) envisage les questions d’évaluation avant tout par le rôle central de l’évaluation par les élèves et les enseignants au sein des processus d’apprentissage. Une telle centralité conduit à des recherches fondées épistémologiquement sur l’idée que les savoirs résultent d’un processus d’évaluation des solutions et pratiques mobilisées dans la discipline. Ces recherches s’organisent par une coopération entre chercheurs et enseignants au cours de laquelle l’évaluation des productions des élèves est déterminante. Des exemples en mathématiques, histoire, SVT et EPS illustrent ces spécificités.
Robots vs algorithmes
Authors: Crépel Maxime , Cardon Dominique
Published: June 2022

Signée par Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Steve Wozniak et Noam Chomsky, une lettre ouverte publiée en 2015 alerte sur les risques existentiels auxquels l’humanité doit faire face en raison des nouveaux développements de l’IA. Elle constitue un moment clé de la réactivation d’un ensemble de ressources narratives et normatives visant à porter sur la place publique un débat critique relatif aux progrès de l’IA. Par vagues successives, les promesses et les risques de l’intelligence artificielle sont venus occuper de façon spectaculaire la discussion publique. À partir de méthode de TAL appliquée à un large corpus de la presse anglo-saxonne, cet article montre que le thème des algorithmes et de l’IA occupe un espace croissant dans la sphère médiatique depuis 5 ans. Le corpus se structure autour de deux espaces sémantiques qui constituent deux régimes dominants de critique, l’un fondé sur les injustices produites par les algorithmes et l’autre sur les peurs de l’autonomie de l’IA et des robots. L’analyse comparée de ces espaces montre qu’ils mobilisent des agents technologiques et humains, des troubles et une temporalité distincts. En développant un discours critique sur les méfaits de ces technologies, la sphère médiatique contribue à forger l’opinion publique mais aussi à définir les formes d’acceptabilité de ces agents calculateurs.
Repenser l’urbain depuis l’Afrique
Authors: Chouin Gérard
Published: June 2022

L’histoire urbaine en Afrique tropicale humide demeure un champ de recherche à peine défriché, particulièrement pour les périodes précédant l’ouverture au commerce atlantique au xv e  siècle. Pourtant, tout porte à croire que les villes qui furent au cœur des systèmes politiques tels qu’ils sont documentés entre le xvi e  et le xix e  siècle ne poussèrent pas ex nihilo sur le terreau du monde atlantique, mais étaient enracinées dans des modèles sociétaux plus anciens. Le déficit d’études sur ces villes anciennes s’explique non par l’absence ou la rareté de sites archéologiques, mais plutôt par la faible visibilité de beaucoup d’entre eux qui contraste avec la forte visibilité d’un petit nombre d’autres tel Ifè, devenu à tort le prototype de la ville ancienne dans le Golfe de Guinée. Sur la base de la théorie des places centrales et de celle des flux centraux, nous proposons le terme d’hyper-ville pour ces sites à la visibilité archéologique hors du commun, dont la caractéristique principale était d’être au croisement entre constructions politiques régionales et réseaux d’échange à longue distance.
Repenser l’urbain depuis l’Afrique
Authors: Wion Anaïs , Noûs Camille
Published: June 2022

Aksum fut la ville éponyme du royaume qui contrôla le nord des hauts-plateaux de la Corne de l’Afrique et la Mer Rouge entre le i er  et le vii e  siècle de notre ère. Les ruines de cette splendeur passée tout autant que le site propice par ses qualités aquifères firent en sorte que l’implantation humaine s’y perpétua de façon quasiment continue jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Le plus souvent associé à ses symboles politico-religieux, tel que l’Arche d’Alliance ou la cérémonie du sacre des rois chrétiens, Aksum abrite aussi une culture spécifique qui peut être qualifiée d’urbaine pour les raisons suivantes : un droit exclusif sur le foncier s’y est transmis au fil des générations, en lien avec une légitimité héréditaire et ancestrale. Aujourd’hui nommé qwelz , un terme rare qui désignait à l’origine l’entretien des murs et des sols dallés de l’église Maryam Seyon d’Aksum, ce droit foncier est le parangon d’une culture élitaire et citadine. Cette enquête située permet d’apporter un éclairage spécifique pour contribuer à enrichir une histoire urbaine de l’Éthiopie ancienne en quête de sources.
Repenser l’urbain depuis l’Afrique
Authors: Audard Alexandre
Published: June 2022

De 1898 à 1916, la base navale stratégique de Diego-Suarez (Extrême-Nord de Madagascar) est en chantier et manque de main d’œuvre. Le port, les casernes et une mine d’or attirent des migrations de travail et d’aventure de tout l’océan Indien, voire des empires. La ville de garnison attenante, créée ex nihilo quelques années auparavant, connaît une extension rapide et l’administration n’a pas les moyens de gérer cet afflux inédit de nouvelles populations, dont les statuts échappent aux formes de catégorisation coloniale. Face aux « désordres » de ce nouveau front pionnier, comparé à celui du Klondike, les autorités adoptent un certain nombre de mesures contradictoires (élargissement du quartier « indigène ») et originales (transfert de l’institution indochinoise des « congrégations »), aboutissant à de premières dynamiques cosmopolites en décalage avec la vocation militaire de la ville.
Repenser l’urbain depuis l’Afrique
Authors: Pighin Aline
Published: June 2022

Dans la nuit du 13 octobre 1979, Bodys Isek Kingelez fait un rêve programmatique : celui d’un ambitieux « projet sur maquette » qu’il intitule La cité du 24 Novembre de l’Authenticité Africaine pour Les Musés (sic) Zaïrois . La maquette qui en résulte puise dans le riche répertoire de formes architecturales et de géométries disponibles à Kinshasa. Méconnue, aux airs de fantôme, elle est aujourd’hui conservée dans les bureaux de l’Institut des musées nationaux du Congo. Cet essai visuel propose une réflexion sur quelques couches de narration politique portées par l’espace urbain kinois et sur ses perceptions, au moment du rêve, à la fin des années 1970, en serrant la focale sur les premières années de pratique de l’artiste. Il met en lumière une lecture personnelle et sensible de la politique de recours à l’authenticité promue par Mobutu et des grands travaux qui remodèlent la silhouette de la ville dans le Zaïre d’alors, autant qu’un geste pour faire de l’utopie architecturale un commun.
Les compétences communicatives interculturelles en contexte hétérogène : (trans)formation et transfert
Authors: Bezzari Samira , Eneau Jérôme
Published: June 2022

À l’heure où le besoin en compétences communicatives interculturelles est de plus en plus affirmé en milieu professionnel multiculturel, les articulations entre formation interculturelle et compétences communicatives interculturelles constituent un objet de recherche encore en construction dans la littérature francophone. En faisant appel à l’approche interculturelle en formation des adultes, l’objectif de cet article est d’explorer la corrélation entre le développement des compétences communicatives interculturelles, grâce à la formation des adultes en communication interculturelle, et les capacités de (trans)formation et de transfert de ces mêmes compétences en contexte professionnel. L’étude se base sur des données quantitatives et qualitatives, collectées via un questionnaire et un guide d’entretien semi-directif auprès de cadres en mobilité internationale et des formateurs interculturels en France. Les principaux résultats de l’étude montrent que la (trans)formation se déploie davantage dans le travail en commun que dans une activité isolée.