bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orexin neurons track temporal features of blood glucose in behaving mice
Authors: Viskaitis Paulius , Tesmer Alexander L. , Liu Ziyu , Karnani Mahesh M. , Arnold Myrtha , Donegan Dane , Bracey Eva , Grujic Nikola , Patriarchi Tommaso , Peleg-Raibstein Daria , Burdakov Denis
Published: May 2024

Does the brain track how fast our blood glucose is changing? Knowing such a rate of change would enable the prediction of an upcoming state and a timelier response to this new state. Hypothalamic arousal-orchestrating hypocretin/orexin neurons (HONs) have been proposed to be glucose sensors, yet whether they track glucose concentration (proportional tracking) or rate of change (derivative tracking) is unknown. Using simultaneous recordings of HONs and blood glucose in behaving male mice, we found that maximal HON responses occur in considerable temporal anticipation (minutes) of glucose peaks due to derivative tracking. Analysis of >900 individual HONs revealed glucose tracking in most HONs (98%), with derivative and proportional trackers working in parallel, and many (65%) HONs multiplexed glucose and locomotion information. Finally, we found that HON activity is important for glucose-evoked locomotor suppression. These findings reveal a temporal dimension of brain glucose sensing and link neurobiological and algorithmic views of blood glucose perception in the brain’s arousal orchestrators.
Parenteral platforms for tunable, long-acting administration of a highly hydrophobic antiretroviral drug
Authors: Akhavein Nima , Baum Marc M. , Gunawardana Manjula , Moss John A. , Calvez Sandrine , Remedios-Chan Mariana , Fanter Rob , Lenhard Steve , Rusk Samantha , Azzarano Leonard , McCoy Deborah , Jucker Beat , Johns Brian , Burke Matt , Velthuisen Emile
Published: May 2024

GSK2838232 (GSK8232) is a second-generation maturation inhibitor (MI) developed for the treatment of HIV with excellent broad-spectrum virological profiles. The compound has demonstrated promising clinical results as an orally administered agent. Additionally, the compound’s physical and pharmacological properties present opportunities for exploitation as long-acting parenteral formulations. Despite unique design constraints including solubility and dose of GSK8232, we report on three effective tunable drug delivery strategies: active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) suspensions, ionic liquids, and subdermal implants. Promising sustained drug release profiles were achieved in rats with each approach. Additionally, we were able to tune drug release rates through a combination of passive and active strategies, broadening applicability of these formulation approaches beyond GSK8232. Taken together, this report is an important first step to advance long-acting formulation development for critical HIV medicines that do not fit the traditional profile of suitable long-acting candidates.
Drawing as a window to emotion with insights from tech-transformed participant images
Authors: Weng Hui-Ching , Huang Liang-Yun , Imcha Longchar , Huang Pi-Chun , Yang Cheng-Ta , Lin Chung-Ying , Li Pin-Hui
Published: May 2024

This study delves into expressing primary emotions anger, happiness, sadness, and fear through drawings. Moving beyond the well-researched color-emotion link, it explores under-examined aspects like spatial concepts and drawing styles. Employing Python and OpenCV for objective analysis, we make a breakthrough by converting subjective perceptions into measurable data through 728 digital images from 182 university students. For the prominent color chosen for each emotion, the majority of participants chose red for anger (73.11%), yellow for happiness (17.8%), blue for sadness (51.1%), and black for fear (40.7%). Happiness led with the highest saturation (68.52%) and brightness (75.44%) percentages, while fear recorded the lowest in both categories (47.33% saturation, 48.78% brightness). Fear, however, topped in color fill percentage (35.49%), with happiness at the lowest (25.14%). Tangible imagery prevailed (71.43–83.52%), with abstract styles peaking in fear representations (28.57%). Facial expressions were a common element (41.76–49.45%). The study achieved an 81.3% predictive accuracy for anger, higher than the 71.3% overall average. Future research can build on these results by improving technological methods to quantify more aspects of drawing content. Investigating a more comprehensive array of emotions and examining factors influencing emotional drawing styles will further our understanding of visual-emotional communication.
Quantitative analysis of blooming artifact caused by calcification based on X-ray energy difference using computed tomography
Authors: Park Daebeom , Park Eun-Ah , Jeong Baren , Lee Yoon Seong , Lee Whal
Published: May 2024

Blooming artifacts caused by calcifications appearing on computed tomography (CT) images lead to an underestimation of the coronary artery lumen size, and higher X-ray energy levels are suggested to reduce the blooming artifacts with subjective visual assessment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of higher X-ray energy levels on the quantitative measurement of adjacent pixels affected by calcification using CT images. In this two-part study, CT images were acquired from dual-energy CT scanners by changing the X-ray energy levels such as kilovoltage peak (kVp) and kilo-electron volts (keV). Adjacent pixels affected by calcification were measured using the brightened length, excluding the actual calcified length, as determined by the full width at third maximum. In a separate clinical study, the adjacent affected pixels associated with 23 calcifications across 10 patients were measured using the same method as that used in the phantom study. Phantom and clinical studies showed that the change in kVp (field of view [FOV] 300 mm: p = 0.167, 0.494, and 0.861 for vendors 1, 2, and 3, respectively) and keV levels (p = 0.178 for vendor 2) failed to reduce the adjacent pixels affected by calcification, respectively. Moreover, the change in keV levels showed different aspects of adjacent pixels affected by calcification in the phantom study (FOV 300 mm: no significant difference [p = 0.191], increase [p < 0.001], and decrease [p < 0.001] for vendors 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Quantitative measurements revealed no significant relationship between higher X-ray energy levels and the adjacent pixels affected by calcification.
Association between the utilization of senior centers and participation in health check-ups
Authors: Ko Ah Jung , Kim Jinhyun , Park Eun-Cheol , Ha Min Jin
Published: May 2024

The global older adult population is increasing. Early detection and intervention through health check-ups are crucial for successful aging, as they play a significant role in identifying and addressing diseases. This study explored the relationship between the utilization of senior centers and the promotion of health check-ups. It utilized data from 10,097 individuals aged 65 years and above, sourced from the 2020 Elderly Survey in South Korea. The primary variable of interest was classified into two groups: those who utilized senior centers and those who did not. Subgroups were further categorized based on the frequency of usage and the presence of family members among senior centers users. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between the utilization of senior centers and participation in health check-ups. Both men and women utilizing senior centers demonstrated a higher likelihood of participating in health check-ups compared with those who did not use senior centers. Participants visiting senior centers in a week exhibited a progressively higher likelihood of engaging in health check-ups compared with those who visited such senior centers zero times a week. Senior centers can serve as effective intervention methods to enhance health check-ups among older adults. Furthermore, this can contribute to fostering successful aging among older adults.
Healthcare preferences of chronic disease patients under China's hierarchical medical system: an empirical study of Tianjin's reform practice
Authors: Luo Da , Zhu Xumin , Qiu Xinyu , Zhao Jing , Li Xiangfei , Du Yue
Published: May 2024

To alleviate the contradiction in healthcare resources, the Chinese government formally established the framework of a hierarchical medical system in 2015, which contains the following brief generalities: " separate treatment of emergencies and slows, first-contact care at the primary, two-way referral, and upper and lower linkage, ". This study systematically summarizes and models the connotations of China's hierarchical medical system and a sample of 11,200 chronic disease patients in Tianjin, the largest port city in northern China, was selected for the empirical study to investigate the relationship between chronic disease patients' policy perceptions of the hierarchical medical system and their preference for healthcare. We found that under the strategy of separate treatment, improving the healthcare accessibility, drug supply, and lowering the cost of medical care would have a positive impact on increasing the preference of patients with chronic diseases to go to the primary hospitals. Under the two-way triage strategy, improving the level of physician services, referral convenience and treatment Standards have a positive impact on chronic disease patients' preference for primary care; The impact of the hierarchical medical system on the preference for healthcare differed between groups, focusing on differences in health literacy level, age and household type; The role of " upper and lower linkage " is crucial in the hierarchical medical system and it plays a part in mediating the influence of the " separate treatment of emergencies and slows" design and the "two-way referral " order on the treatment preferences of chronic disease patients. The results of the study provide a reference for the further development of a scientific and rational hierarchical medical system in the future.
Ferritin nanocage-enabled detection of pathological tau in living human retinal cells
Authors: Barolo Lorenzo , Gigante Ylenia , Mautone Lorenza , Ghirga Silvia , Soloperto Alessandro , Giorgi Alessandra , Ghirga Francesca , Pitea Martina , Incocciati Alessio , Mura Francesco , Ruocco Giancarlo , Boffi Alberto , Baiocco Paola , Di Angelantonio Silvia
Published: May 2024

Tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease and Frontotemporal Dementia, are debilitating neurodegenerative disorders marked by cognitive decline. Despite extensive research, achieving effective treatments and significant symptom management remains challenging. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies, with hyperphosphorylated protein units and tau oligomers serving as reliable biomarkers for these conditions. This study introduces a novel approach using nanotechnology to enhance the diagnostic process for tauopathies. We developed humanized ferritin nanocages, a novel nanoscale delivery system, designed to encapsulate and transport a tau-specific fluorophore, BT1, into human retinal cells for detecting neurofibrillary tangles in retinal tissue, a key marker of tauopathies. The delivery of BT1 into living cells was successfully achieved through these nanocages, demonstrating efficient encapsulation and delivery into retinal cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Our experiments confirmed the colocalization of BT1 with pathological forms of tau in living retinal cells, highlighting the method’s potential in identifying tauopathies. Using ferritin nanocages for BT1 delivery represents a significant contribution to nanobiotechnology, particularly in neurodegenerative disease diagnostics. This method offers a promising tool for the early detection of tau tangles in retinal tissue, with significant implications for improving the diagnosis and management of tauopathies. This study exemplifies the integration of nanotechnology with biomedical science, expanding the frontiers of nanomedicine and diagnostic techniques.
Developing centrifugal force real-time digital PCR for detecting extremely low DNA concentration
Authors: Shin Jong Cheol , Jeong Jeong-Yeon , Son Seon Gyu , Choi Sang-Haeng , Nam Ho-Chul , Yoon Tae-Ho , Kim Hyo-Jun , Choi Dong-Geun , Lee Hwarang , Lee Ukyeol , Yang Seon-Mo , Kang Il , Jung Dae-Young , Lee Han Woo , Lee Moon-Keun , Lee Tae Jae , Kim Geehong , Park Han-Oh , Lee Sung-Woon
Published: May 2024

Digital PCR (dPCR) is a technique for absolute quantification of nucleic acid molecules. To develop a dPCR technique that enables more accurate nucleic acid detection and quantification, we established a novel dPCR apparatus known as centrifugal force real-time dPCR (crdPCR). This system is efficient than other systems with only 2.14% liquid loss by dispensing samples using centrifugal force. Moreover, we applied a technique for analyzing the real-time graph of the each micro-wells and distinguishing true/false positives using artificial intelligence to mitigate the rain, a persistent issue with dPCR. The limits of detection and quantification were 1.38 and 4.19 copies/μL, respectively, showing a two-fold higher sensitivity than that of other comparable devices. With the integration of this new technology, crdPCR will significantly contribute to research on next-generation PCR targeting absolute micro-analysis.
Anoikis-related gene signatures in colorectal cancer: implications for cell differentiation, immune infiltration, and prognostic prediction
Authors: Ding Taohui , Shang Zhao , Zhao Hu , Song Renfeng , Xiong Jianyong , He Chuan , Liu Dan , Yi Bo
Published: May 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor originating from epithelial cells of the colon or rectum, and its invasion and metastasis could be regulated by anoikis. However, the key genes and pathways regulating anoikis in CRC are still unclear and require further research. The single cell transcriptome dataset GSE221575 of GEO database was downloaded and applied to cell subpopulation type identification, intercellular communication, pseudo time cell trajectory analysis, and receptor ligand expression analysis of CRC. Meanwhile, the RNA transcriptome dataset of TCGA, the GSE39582, GSE17536, and GSE17537 datasets of GEO were downloaded and merged into one bulk transcriptome dataset. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to anoikis were extracted from these data sets, and key marker genes were obtained after feature selection. A clinical prognosis prediction model was constructed based on the marker genes and the predictive effect was analyzed. Subsequently, gene pathway analysis, immune infiltration analysis, immunosuppressive point analysis, drug sensitivity analysis, and immunotherapy efficacy based on the key marker genes were conducted for the model. In this study, we used single cell datasets to determine the anoikis activity of cells and analyzed the DEGs of cells based on the score to identify the genes involved in anoikis and extracted DEGs related to the disease from the transcriptome dataset. After dimensionality reduction selection, 7 marker genes were obtained, including TIMP1, VEGFA, MYC, MSLN, EPHA2, ABHD2, and CD24. The prognostic risk model scoring system built by these 7 genes, along with patient clinical data (age, tumor stage, grade), were incorporated to create a nomogram, which predicted the 1-, 3-, and 5-years survival of CRC with accuracy of 0.818, 0.821, and 0.824. By using the scoring system, the CRC samples were divided into high/low anoikis-related prognosis risk groups, there are significant differences in immune infiltration, distribution of immune checkpoints, sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs, and efficacy of immunotherapy between these two risk groups. Anoikis genes participate in the differentiation of colorectal cancer tumor cells, promote tumor development, and could predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer.
Elucidating the difference between mind-wandering and day-dreaming terms
Authors: Shimoni Hagar , Axelrod Vadim
Published: May 2024

Self-generated thoughts have been widely investigated in recent years, while the terms “mind-wandering” and “day-dreaming” are usually used interchangeably. But are these terms equivalent? To test this, online study participants were presented with situations of a protagonist engaged in self-generated thoughts. The scenarios differed with regard to type of situation, the activity in which the protagonist was engaged in, and the properties of the self-generated thoughts. Two different groups evaluated the same situations; one group evaluated the extent to which the protagonist mind-wandered and another the extent to which the protagonist day-dreamt. Our key findings were that the situations were perceived differently with regard to mind-wandering and day-dreaming, depending on whether self-generated thoughts occurred when the protagonist was busy with another activity and the type of self-generated thoughts. In particular, while planning, worrying, and ruminating thoughts were perceived more as mind-wandering in situations involving another activity/task, the situations without another activity/task involving recalling past events and fantasizing thoughts were perceived more as day-dreaming. In the additional experiment, we investigated laypeople’s reasons for classifying the situation as mind-wandering or day-dreaming. Our results altogether indicate that mind-wandering and day-dreaming might not be fully equivalent terms.
Identification and characterization of critical values in therapeutic drug monitoring: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Xiao Yufei , Xu Lingcheng , Qian Yun , Xu Yang
Published: May 2024

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a crucial clinical practice that improves pharmacological effectiveness and prevent severe drug-related adverse events. Timely reporting and intervention of critical values during TDM are essential for patient safety. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the laboratory data to provide an overview of the incidence, distribution pattern and biochemical correlates of critical values during TDM. A total of 19,110 samples were tested for nine drug concentrations between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020. Of these, 241 critical values were identified in 165 patients. The most common critical values were vancomycin trough (63.4%), followed by tacrolimus trough (16.9%) and digoxin (15.2%). The primary sources of drug critical values were the department of general intensive care unit (ICU), cardiology, and surgery ICU. At baseline or the time of critical value, significant differences were found between the vancomycin, digoxin, and tacrolimus groups in terms of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, N-terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP), and lymphocyte percentage, P < 0.05. Therefore, it is important to prioritize and closely monitor drug concentrations to reduce laboratory critical values during TDM.
Role of peritumoral tissue analysis in predicting characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma using ultrasound-based radiomics
Authors: Qian Hongwei , Huang Yanhua , Xu Luohang , Fu Hong , Lu Baochun
Published: May 2024

Predicting the biological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is essential for personalized treatment. This study explored the role of ultrasound-based radiomics of peritumoral tissues for predicting HCC features, focusing on differentiation, cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and Ki67 expression, and p53 mutation status. A cohort of 153 patients with HCC underwent ultrasound examinations and radiomics features were extracted from peritumoral tissues. Subgroups were formed based on HCC characteristics. Predictive modeling was carried out using the XGBOOST algorithm in the differentiation subgroup, logistic regression in the CK7 and Ki67 expression subgroups, and support vector machine learning in the p53 mutation status subgroups. The predictive models demonstrated robust performance, with areas under the curves of 0.815 (0.683–0.948) in the differentiation subgroup, 0.922 (0.785–1) in the CK7 subgroup, 0.762 (0.618–0.906) in the Ki67 subgroup, and 0.849 (0.667–1) in the p53 mutation status subgroup. Confusion matrices and waterfall plots highlighted the good performance of the models. Comprehensive evaluation was carried out using SHapley Additive exPlanations plots, which revealed notable contributions from wavelet filter features. This study highlights the potential of ultrasound-based radiomics, specifically the importance of peritumoral tissue analysis, for predicting HCC characteristics. The results warrant further validation of peritumoral tissue radiomics in larger, multicenter studies.
Leveraging existing 16S rRNA gene surveys to decipher microbial signatures and dysbiosis in cervical carcinogenesis
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Xiang Fenfen , Liu Tong , Chen Zixi , Zhang Mengzhe , Li Jinpeng , Kang Xiangdong , Wu Rong
Published: May 2024

The presence of dysbiotic cervicovaginal microbiota has been observed to be linked to the persistent development of cervical carcinogenesis mediated by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Nevertheless, the characteristics of the cervical microbiome in individuals diagnosed with cervical cancer (CC) are still not well understood. Comprehensive analysis was conducted by re-analyzing the cervical 16S rRNA sequencing datasets of a total of 507 samples from six previously published studies. We observed significant alpha and beta diversity differences in between CC, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and normal controls (NC), but not between HPV and NC in the combined dataset. Meta-analysis revealed that opportunistic pernicious microbes Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Pseudomonas and Anaerococcus were enriched in CC, while Lactobacillus was depleted compared to NC. Members of Gardnerella, Sneathia, Pseudomonas, and Fannyhessea have significantly increased relative abundance compared to other bacteria in the CIN group. Five newly identified bacterial genera were found to differentiate CC from NC, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8947. Moreover, co-occurrence network analysis showed that the most commonly encountered Lactobacillus was strongly negatively correlated with Prevotella. Overall, our study identified a set of potential biomarkers for CC from samples across different geographic regions. Our meta-analysis provided significant insights into the characteristics of dysbiotic cervicovaginal microbiota undergoing CC, which may lead to the development of noninvasive CC diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions.
Bimetallic Pt–M (M = Fe, Co, Ni) nanobunches composed of ultrathin nanowires with strong synergy and rich surface defects for enhanced methanol oxidation electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Suwen , Zhang Yu , Liu Yulan , Lv Fangfei , Yan Yiming , Liu Baocang , Huo Lili
Published: May 2024

High performance and cost-effective electrocatalysts have been intensively pursued to push forward the commercialization of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).
Studying the effect of temperature and pressure on GaN crystals via the Na-flux method
Authors: Wang Benfa , Liu Lei , Tian Ge , Wang Guodong , Yu Jiaoxian , Li Qiubo , Sun Defu , Xu Xiangang , Zhang Lei , Wang Shouzhi
Published: May 2024

GaN single crystals (15 × 15 mm) were epitaxially grown using the Na-flux method, and substrate self-peeling was achieved. The effect of temperature and pressure on the growth rate and the quality of GaN single crystals are investigated.
A combined AIMD and DFT study of the low-energy radiation responses of GaN
Authors: Jiang Ming , Cheng Nuo , Zhu Xin-Yu , Hu Xuan-Liang , Wang Zi-Han , Liu Ning , Song Shuo , Wang Sheng-Ze , Liu Xu-Sheng , Singh Chandra Veer
Published: May 2024

Although GaN is a promising candidate for semiconductor devices, degradation of GaN-based device performance may occur when the device is bombarded by high-energy charged particles.
Solute translocation probability, lifetime, and “rectification” in membrane channels with localized constriction
Authors: Berezhkovskii Alexander M. , Bezrukov Sergey M.
Published: May 2024

To analyze the effects of a localized constriction inside a membrane channel on transport of neutral solutes, we use a model of an infinitely thin permeable partition rather than that of a narrow barrier in the potential of mean force.
Temperature-dependent NIR-CPL spectra of chiral Yb(iii) complexes
Authors: Sickinger Annika , Grasser Maxime , Baguenard Bruno , Bensalah-Ledoux Amina , Guy Laure , Bui Anh Thy , Guyot Yannick , Dorcet Vincent , Pointillart Fabrice , Cador Olivier , Guy Stéphan , Maury Olivier , Le Guennic Boris , Riobé François
Published: May 2024

Influence of temperature on the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of lanthanide complexes demonstrated on chiral Yb3+ complexes.
Copper nanoparticle and point defect formation in Cu+–Na+ ion-exchanged glass using protons of 2 MeV energy
Authors: Toumi Safa , Adawy Alaa , Quaranta Alberto , Farah Khaled
Published: May 2024

Using an ion-exchange methodology to impregnate commercially available glass with copper ions, followed by irradiation with a beam of protons, allowed for the formation of copper nanoparticles sized around 12 nm.
The synergistic catalysis effect on electrochemical nitrate reduction at the dual-function active sites of the heterostructure
Authors: Li Yuxiang , Lu Zhenjie , Zheng Lei , Yan Xing , Xie Junliang , Yu Zhonghao , Zhang Shengli , Jiang Fang , Chen Huan
Published: May 2024

The synergistic catalysis effect based on CoP and Cu3P dual-function active sites is proposed to understand the mechanism of active hydrogen (*H) and adsorbed intermediates (*NOx) during water-splitting and nitrate reduction.
Optimal facet assembly of multi-transition metal layered cathodes toward superior Li-ion kinetics and structural stability
Authors: Zou Feng , Kim Jae-Bum , Zhang Jiliang , Lee Gi-Hyeok , Lyu Lulu , Choi Jun-Hyeok , Kankaanpää Timo , Lee Yong Min , Kang Yong-Mook
Published: May 2024

The optimimal assembly of surface facets is one of the key microstructural descriptors to further enhance the electrochemical performances of layered cathode materials through the single particle strategy.
Closing the loop: recycling of MAPbI3perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wu Zhenni , Sytnyk Mykhailo , Zhang Jiyun , Babayeva Gülüsüm , Kupfer Christian , Hu Jin , Arnold Simon , Hauch Jens , Brabec Christoph , Peters Ian Marius
Published: May 2024

Closed-loop recycling of MAPbI3solar cells: maintaining performance while enhancing economic and environmental benefits.
Pyrolytic fragmentation-induced defect formation in formamidinium lead halide perovskite thin films and photovoltaic performance limits
Authors: Park Byung-wook , Kim Geonhwa , Kamal Chinnathambi , Mun BongJin Simon , Cappel Ute B. , Rensmo Håkan , Kim Ki-Jeong , Odelius Michael , Il Seok Sang
Published: May 2024

Defect formation through the fragmented formamidinium cation in lead iodide perovskite leads to the widening charge inversion layer and limited solar cell performance.
Decoding the mechanism of self-discharge and optimal electrolyte reconfiguration for advanced vanadium-based aqueous zinc batteries
Authors: Sun Jie , Zhang Jin , Wang Siyang , Sun Peiyan , Chen Jiahang , Du Yuping , Wang Shenghan , Saadoune Ismael , Wang Yizhan , Wei Yingjin
Published: May 2024

The self-discharge of aqueous zinc batteries during idle periods remains elusive, and warranting adequate voltage and sufficient capacity is not trivial, due to the components of the battery system and the reciprocal influence among them.
The Glidewell–Lloyd rule explains the local aromaticity and the relative stability of benzoborepin isomers
Authors: Leyva-Parra Luis , Pino-Rios Ricardo
Published: May 2024

Relative stability and local aromaticity of benzoborepine isomers have been studied using magnetic/electronic/geometric aromaticity criteria. Results shows the most stable isomer is also the most aromatic in agreement with the Glidewell–Lloyd rule.
Correction: Synthesis and studies of aqueous-stable diruthenium aminocarbyne complexes uncovered an N-indolyl derivative as a prospective anticancer agent
Authors: Fiaschi Matteo , Vančo Ján , Biancalana Lorenzo , Malina Tomáš , Dvořák Zdeněk , Funaioli Tiziana , Zacchini Stefano , Guelfi Massimo , Trávníček Zdeněk , Marchetti Fabio
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Synthesis and studies of aqueous-stable diruthenium aminocarbyne complexes uncovered an N-indolyl derivative as a prospective anticancer agent’ by Matteo Fiaschi et al., Inorg. Chem. Front., 2024, 11, 2841–2862, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4QI00096J.
Intermediate aminophenol enables hectogram-scale synthesis of highly bright red carbon quantum dots under ambient conditions
Authors: Meng Xiangyong , Wang Maorong , Lin Jishuai , Wang Lihua , Liu Jin , Song Yang , Jing Qiang , Zhao Haiguang
Published: May 2024

A facile, safe and high-yield synthesis of red-emitting carbon dots (R-C-dots) revealed the formation mechanism from the precursor to R-C-dots.
Flexible hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs): opportunities and challenges
Authors: Li Jiantang , Chen Banglin
Published: May 2024

In this perspective, we have discussed the recent progress of flexible HOFs, with particular focus on various dynamic behaviors and their applications in different fields. Finally, the current challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed.
Dynamics of a self-interacting sheet in shear flow
Authors: Funkenbusch William T. , Silmore Kevin S. , Doyle Patrick S.
Published: May 2024

Simulations of semi-flexible, self-interacting, athermal sheets in shear flow reveal a rich conformational landscape. The conformational and rotational properties of sheets lead to shear-thinning into shear-thickening rheological behavior.
A novel hybrid PI–backstepping cascade controller for battery–supercapacitor electric vehicles considering various driving cycles scenarios
Authors: Mossadak Mohammed‐Amine , Chebak Ahmed , Ouahabi Nada , Rabhi Abdelhamid , Elmahjoub Abdelhafid Ait
Published: May 2024

The integration of supercapacitors as hybrid energy storage systems in electric vehicles has attracted the attention of many researchers and has been considered as a promising solution. Bidirectional DC/DC converters (BDDCs) play a fundamental role in HESS, as they manage the power flow by controlling currents and regulating the DC bus voltage. However, they encounter the challenge of uncertainties and high fluctuation power loads, necessitating the fast dynamics, stability, and high robustness of the controller. This paper proposes a novel hybrid proportional–integral and backstepping cascade controller to regulate the DC‐bus voltage under uncertainties and load variations, and to control the current references of the on‐boarded sources. To confirm the asymptotic stability of the whole system, a nonlinear stability analysis is conducted using the Lyapunov theorem. A power management strategy is applied to distribute the power loads and generate reference currents for the BDDCs controller. Simulations results under various driving cycles using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller compared to conventional proportional–integral and backstepping controllers. A real‐time controller‐hardware‐in‐the‐loop test bench is developed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Ejection and dynamics of aggregates in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Lemos P. , Agarwal J. , Marschall R. , Pfeifer M.
Published: May 2024

Context. The process of gas-driven ejection of refractory materials from cometary surfaces continues to pose a challenging question in cometary science. The activity modeling of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, based on data from the Rosetta mission, has significantly enhanced our comprehension of cometary activity. But thermophysical models have difficulties in simultaneously explaining the production rates of various gas species and dust. It has been suggested that different gas species might be responsible for the ejection of refractory material in distinct size ranges.

Aims. This work focuses on investigating the abundance and the ejection mechanisms of large aggregates (≳1 cm) from the comet nucleus. We aim to determine their properties and map the distribution of their source regions across the comet surface. This can place constraints on activity models for comets.

Methods. We examined 189 images acquired at five epochs by the OSIRIS/NAC instrument on board the Rosetta spacecraft. Our goal was to identify bright tracks produced by individual aggregates as they traversed the camera field of view. In parallel, we generated synthetic images based on the output of dynamical simulations involving various types of aggregates. By comparing these synthetic images with the observations, we determined the characteristics of the simulated aggregates that most closely resemble the observations.

Results. We have identified over 30 000 tracks present in the OSIRIS images, derived constraints on the characteristics of the aggregates, and mapped their origins on the nucleus surface. The aggregates have an average radius of ≃5 cm and a bulk density consistent with that of the comet’s nucleus. Due to their size, gas drag exerts only a minor influence on their dynamical behavior, so an initial velocity is needed to bring them into the camera field of view. The source regions of these aggregates are predominantly located near the boundaries of distinct terrains on the surface.
A model for general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic spine jets
Authors: Anastasiadis Y. , Vlahakis N.
Published: May 2024

Context. We study jets using a semi-analytical model of the general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) equations in the Kerr metric that describes them near the rotation axis, assuming a steady state, and axisymmetry.

Aims. The goal is to model the inner spine of a relativistic jet in order to solve for the bulk acceleration and the shape of the jet and understand how these quantities depend on the enthalpy and the magnetic field.

Methods. The model is constructed by expanding the rotating black hole metric and forces with respect to the polar angle about the rotation axis. This results in a system of ordinary differential equations that determine the dependence on the radial distance. The difference with previous semi-analytical models that expand the metric around the rotation axis is that the flow is governed by a polytropic equation of state.

Results. The solutions in this work start from a stagnation surface very close to the event horizon and become highly relativistic, achieving large Lorentz factors at large distances.
Benchmarking the effective temperature scale of red giant branch stellar models: The case of the metal-poor halo giant HD 122563
Authors: Creevey O. L. , Cassisi S. , Thévenin F. , Salaris M. , Pietrinferni A.
Published: May 2024

Context. There is plenty of evidence in the literature of significant discrepancies between the observations and models of metal-poor red giant branch stars, in particular regarding the effective temperature Teff scale.

Aims. We revisit the benchmark star HD 122563 using the most recent observations from Gaia Data Release 3, to investigate if these new constraints may help in resolving this discrepancy.

Methods. We review the most recent spectroscopic determinations of the metallicity [Fe/H] of HD 122563, and provide a new assessment of its fundamental parameters, specifically, bolometric luminosity, Teff, surface gravity, plus a photometric determination of its metal content. Using these constraints, we compare the position of the star in the Hertzsprung-Russell (H–R) diagram with various recent sets of stellar evolution tracks.

Results. The H-R diagram analysis reveals a significant disagreement between observed and theoretical Teff values, when adopting the most recent spectroscopic estimate of [Fe/H]. On the other hand, by using the photometric determination of [Fe/H], some of the selected sets of stellar tracks appear in fair agreement with observations. The sets with discrepant Teff can be made to agree with observations either by modifying the prescription adopted to calculate the models’ outer boundary conditions, and/or by reducing the adopted value of the mixing length parameter with respect to the solar-calibration.

Conclusions. A definitive assessment of whether the Teff scale of metal-poor stellar red giant branch models is consistent with observations requires a more robust determination of the fundamental parameters of HD 122563 and also a larger sample of calibrators. From the theoretical side, it is crucial to minimise the current uncertainties in the treatment (boundary conditions, temperature gradient) of the outer layers of stellar models with convective envelopes.
Internal magnetic field structures observed by PSP/WISPR in a filament-related coronal mass ejection
Authors: Cappello G. M. , Temmer M. , Vourlidas A. , Braga C. , Liewer P. C. , Qiu J. , Stenborg G. , Kouloumvakos A. , Veronig A. M. , Bothmer V.
Published: May 2024

Context.We investigated the coronal mass ejection (CME) related to an eruptive filament over the southwestern solar limb on December 8, 2022, at around 8 UT. We tracked localized density enhancements reflecting the magnetic structures using white-light data taken with the Wide-field Instrument for Solar PRobe (WISPR) aboard the Parker Solar Probe (PSP).

Aims.We aim to investigate the 3D location, morphology and evolution of the internal magnetic fine structures of CMEs. Specifically, we focused on the physical origin of the features in the WISPR images, how the white-light structures evolve over time, and their relationship with the source region, filament, and the flux rope.

Methods.The fast tangential motion of the PSP spacecraft during its perihelion permits a single event to be viewed from multiple angles in short times relative to the event’s evolution. Hence, three-dimensional information of selected CME features can be derived from this single spacecraft using triangulation techniques.

Results.We grouped small-scale structures with roughly similar speeds, longitude, and latitude into three distinct morphological groups. We found twisted magnetic field patterns close to the eastern leg of the CME that may be related to “horns” outlining the edges of the flux-rope cavity. We identified aligned thread-like bundles close to the western leg, and they may be related to confined density enhancements evolving during the filament eruption. High density blob-like features (magnetic islands) are widely spread in longitude (∼40°) close to the flanks and the rear part of the CME. We also note that the large-scale outer envelope of the CME, seen clearly from 1 AU, was not well observed by PSP.

Conclusions.We demonstrate that CME flux ropes, apart from the blobs, may comprise different morphological groups with a cluster behavior; the blobs instead span a wide range of longitudes. This finding may hint at either the three-dimensionality of the post-CME current sheet (CS) or the influence of the ambient corona in the evolutionary behavior of the CS. Importantly, we show that the global appearance of the CME can be very different in WISPR (0.11–0.16 AU) and the instruments near 1 AU because of the shorter line-of-sight integration of WISPR.
Improved source classification and performance analysis usingGaiaDR3
Authors: Jamal Sara , Bailer-Jones Coryn A. L.
Published: May 2024

The Discrete Source Classifier (DSC) provides probabilistic classification of sources inGaiaData Release 3 (GDR3) using a Bayesian framework and a global prior. The DSCCombmodclassifier in GDR3 achieved for the extragalactic classes (quasars and galaxies) a high completeness of 92%, but a low purity of 22% (all sky, all magnitudes) due to contamination from the far larger star class. However, these single metrics mask significant variation in performance with magnitude and sky position. Furthermore, a better combination of the individual classifiers that compriseCombmodis possible. Here we compute two-dimensional (2D) representations of the completeness and the purity as a function of Galactic latitude and source brightness, and also exclude the Magellanic Clouds where stellar contamination significantly reduces the purity. Reevaluated on a cleaner validation set and without introducing changes to the published GDR3 DSC probabilities themselves, we here achieve forCombmodaverage 2D completenesses of 92% and 95% and average 2D purities of 55% and 89% for the quasar and galaxy classes, respectively. Since the relative proportions of extragalactic objects to stars inGaiais expected to vary significantly with brightness and latitude, we then introduce a new prior that is a continuous function of brightness and latitude, and compute new class probabilities from the GDR3 DSC component classifiers,SpecmodandAllosmod. Contrary to expectations, this variable prior only improves the performance by a few percentage points, mostly at the faint end. Significant improvement, however, is obtained by a new additive combination ofSpecmodandAllosmod. This classifier,Combmod-α, achieves average 2D completenesses of 82% and 93% and average 2D purities of 79% and 93% for the quasar and galaxy classes, respectively, when using the global prior. Thus, we achieve a significant improvement in purity for a small loss of completeness. The improvement is most significant for faint quasars (G≥20) where the purity rises from 20% to 62%.
FAUST
Authors: De Simone M. , Podio L. , Chahine L. , Codella C. , Chandler C. J. , Ceccarelli C. , López-Sepulcre A. , Loinard L. , Svoboda B. , Sakai N. , Johnstone D. , Ménard F. , Aikawa Y. , Bouvier M. , Sabatini G. , Miotello A. , Vastel C. , Cuello N. , Bianchi E. , Caselli P. , Caux E. , Hanawa T. , Herbst E. , Segura-Cox D. , Zhang Z. , Yamamoto S.
Published: May 2024

Context. Understanding the connection between outflows, winds, accretion, and discs in the inner protostellar regions is crucial for comprehending star and planet formation processes.

Aims. We aim to we explore the inner 300 au of the protostar IRAS 4A2 as part of the ALMA FAUST Large Program.

Methods. We analysed the kinematical structures of SiO and CH3OH emission with 50 au resolution.

Results. The emission arises from three zones: (i) a very compact and unresolved region (< 50 au) dominated by the ice sublimation zone, at ±1.5 km s−1 with respect to vsys, traced by methanol; (ii) an intermediate region (between 50 au and 150 au) traced by both SiO and CH3OH, between 2 and 6 km s−1 with respect to vsys, with an inverted velocity gradient (with respect to the large-scale emission), whose origin is not clear; (iii) an extended region (> 150 au) traced by SiO, above 7 km s−1 with respect to vsys, and dominated by the outflow. In the intermediate region, we estimated a CH3OH/SiO abundance ratio of about 120–400 and a SiO/H2 abundance of 10−8. We explored various possibilities to explain the origin of this region, such as, a rotating disc or inner envelope, a jet on the plane of the sky or precessing, and a wide-angle disc wind.

Conclusions. We propose that CH3OH and SiO in the inner 100 au probe the base of a wide-angle disc wind. The material accelerated in the wind crosses the plane of the sky, giving rise to the observed inverted velocity gradient, and sputtering the grain mantles and cores releasing CH3OH and SiO. This is the first detection of a disc-wind candidate in SiO, and the second ever in CH3OH.
Natural water thermal radiation at a 8 mmwavelength
Authors: Gavrilin Sergey N.
Published: May 2024

The natural water thermal radiation in the temperature range of 30-85 degrees Celsius at a wavelength of 8 mm has been experimentally investigated. The measurements were carried out on an experimental installation with a radiometer as a receiver of thermal radiation with a sensitivity of 0.2 Kelvin. The water temperature was measured by a contact thermometer immersed in the water column. The dependence of the radio brightness temperature from the water thermodynamic temperature has been established. It was shown that the dependence of water radio brightness temperature from water thermodynamic temperature is non-linear, which corresponds to theoretical concepts. It was noted that the thermal radio emission is different sufficiently in the studied temperature ranges. In the thermodynamic temperature range of 30-50 degrees Celsius the gradient of the radio brightness temperature was about 0.15 Kelvin per degree Celsius, at 55-85 degrees - about 0.6 Kelvin per degree Celsius. It was shown, that the practical use of temperature dependences of water thermal radiation is possible for monitoring of water systems.
Natural water thermal radiation at a gigahertz frequency
Authors: Gavrilin Sergey N.
Published: May 2024

The radiation-temperature dependence for natural water in the temperature range of 50-90 degrees Celsius was experimentally investigated. Experimental studies were carried out using radiometer with central frequency 37.5 GHz. The fluctuation threshold of sensitivity of radiometer was equal 0.2 K, with a constant relaxation time of the order of one second. The thermodynamic water temperature was measured by a contact thermometer immersed in the water column. The measurements were carried out outdoors at an ambient temperature of about 24 degrees Celsius. A noticeable increase of radio brightness temperature (about 25 K) was detected in 50-90 degrees Celsius temperature range. The qualitative coincidence of the experimental data with the theoretical ones calculated using the Stogrin model is demonstrated. The obtained coincidence of experimental data with theoretical data makes it possible to use heated and cooled water to create thermal standards and use them for millimeter wavelengths antenna calibrations under field conditions. The radio contrast value of the radiation-temperature dependence in the temperature range under study makes it possible to detect thermal variations of the hydro objects surfaces. A significant contrast of the water thermal radiation in the range of gigahertz frequency can be used for water monitoring and achievement of the environmental sustainability of cities and settlements.
A mobile application for building smart water consumption habits
Authors: Skryabin Volodymyr , Jia Huanjie , Zhao Jiaqi , Hong Dan , Ryskulova Bermet , Xin Shuhong
Published: May 2024

The article substantiates the necessity of forming environmental culture in the field of water consumption using software products. The paper creates a concept of a smart information system that combines a mobile application and technical devices that provide real-time control of water consumption and the occurrence of abnormal or emergency situations that significantly increase water consumption. Algorithms realizing the functional capabilities allow collecting and processing data from these devices and promptly recommend effective control actions. In addition, an interactive game is available to the user, which implies periodic performance of tasks related to household environmental literacy. Using object-oriented design methods, a user graphical interface has been created and a fragment of such a game is presented in the paper.