bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prostate lesion delineation from multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging based on locality alignment discriminant analysis
Authors: Lin Mingquan , Chen Weifu , Zhao Mingbo , Gibson Eli , Bastian‐Jordan Matthew , Cool Derek W. , Kassam Zahra , Liang Huageng , Chow Tommy W.S. , Ward Aaron D. , Chiu Bernard
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) has shown promise in the detection and localization of prostate cancer foci. Although techniques have been previously introduced to delineate lesions from mpMRI, these techniques were evaluated in datasets with T2 maps available. The generation of T2 map is not included in the clinical prostate mpMRI consensus guidelines; the acquisition of which requires repeated T2‐weighted (T2W) scans and would significantly lengthen the scan time currently required for the clinically recommended acquisition protocol, which includes T2W, diffusion‐weighted (DW), and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) imaging. The goal of this study is to develop and evaluate an algorithm that provides pixel‐accurate lesion delineation from images acquired based on the clinical protocol.

Methods

Twenty‐five pixel‐based features were extracted from the T2‐weighted (T2W), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) images. The pixel‐wise classification was performed on the reduced space generated by locality alignment discriminant analysis (LADA), a version of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) localized to patches in the feature space. Postprocessing procedures, including the removal of isolated points identified and filling of holes inside detected regions, were performed to improve delineation accuracy. The segmentation result was evaluated against the lesions manually delineated by four expert observers according to the Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) detection guideline.

Results

The LADA‐based classifier (60 ± 11%) achieved a higher sensitivity than the LDA‐based classifier (51 ± 10%), thereby demonstrating, for the first time, that higher classification performance was attained on the reduced space generated by LADA than by LDA. Further sensitivity improvement (75 ± 14%) was obtained after postprocessing, approaching the sensitivities attained by previous mpMRI lesion delineation studies in which nonclinical T2 maps were available.

Conclusion

The proposed algorithm delineated lesions accurately and efficiently from images acquired following the clinical protocol. The development of this framework may potentially accelerate the clinical uses of mpMRI in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment planning.
An exploration of the experiences of rheumatology nurses counselling patients on methotrexate therapy
Authors: Robinson Sandra M. , Ryan Sarah , Adams Nicola , Hassell Andrew , Walker David
Published: August 2018

Objectives

Methotrexate is commonly used to treat patients with inflammatory arthritis. A key role of a rheumatology nurse is to educate patients on how to take this drug safely prior to the commencement of treatment. The objective of the present study was to explore the experiences of rheumatology nurses conducting this role, focusing on the content of the consultation and training received to perform the role.

Methods

A qualitative phenomenological approach was used. Six semi‐structured interviews were performed with nurses from two hospitals who regularly counsel patients prior to starting methotrexate. The interviews were thematically analysed by two researchers and themes extracted.

Results

Four main themes were identified: (a) using written information to structure the content of the consultation; (b) patients have different information needs; (c) time pressures; and (d) training and evolution of practice. All participants described a lack of confidence when they first started counselling patients commencing methotrexate, with a wide variation in training. Participants reported that patients required different information depending on whether they were commencing this agent on its own or in combination with other drugs. All participants experienced some time pressure.

Conclusions

Participants reported that the majority of the consultation focused on conveying information, with little opportunity for patient interaction and questions. We suggest that there is a clear need for further exploration of these consultations, to identify possible training needs. Participants also used standard written information to guide both the structure and content of the consultation limiting patients’; opportunities to ask questions.
Molecular and immunohistochemical analysis of the urethra of female rats after induced trauma and intravenous therapy with muscle derived stem cells
Authors: Bilhar Andreisa P.M. , Bortolini Maria A.T. , Sé Alexandre B. , Feitosa Suellen M. , Salerno Gisela R.F. , Zanoteli Edmar , Simões Manuel J. , Castro Rodrigo A.
Published: August 2018

Aims

To identify the urethral migration of muscle derived stem cells (MDSCs) after intravenous (IV) injection in rats that underwent vaginal distension (VD) and to analyze the effects of MDSC in the urethra of rats after trauma in regards to: (1) mRNA expression of collagens, Vegf, Ngf, Ki67, Myh11, and Myh2; (2) expression of smooth and striated muscle proteins.

Methods

MDSCs expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) were injected into the tail vein of rats 3 days after VD. The location of GFP cells was verified at 2 h and at 7 days following IV injection. Urethras of three groups were analyzed: Control, Trauma 7D, and MDSC 7D. Real‐time RT‐qPCR and immunohistochemistry were performed.

Results

MDSCs were identified only after 2 h of the procedure in the urethra. Myh11 gene was overexpressed in the Trauma group in relation to Control. Ki67 gene expression was increased in the MDSC group relative to Trauma and Control. Col1a1 and Col3a1 genes expression were increased in the MDSC group relative to Control. Ngf mRNA level was decreased in the MDSC group in relation to Trauma. Protein expression of Mhy11, Myh2, and Desmin were increased in the MDSC group in relation to Trauma and decreased in the Trauma in relation to Control.

Conclusion

MDSCs migrated early to the traumatized urethra, but did not integrate into the tissue. MDSC alters the expression of genes related to cell proliferation, neural growth factor and extracellular matrix and the expression of smooth and striated muscle proteins in the traumatized rat urethra.
A fourth‐order H1‐Galerkin mixed finite element method for Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation
Authors: Doss L. Jones Tarcius , Nandini A. P.
Published: August 2018

A H1‐Galerkin mixed finite element method is applied to the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation by using a splitting technique, which results in a coupled system. The method described in this article may also be considered as a Petrov–Galerkin method with cubic spline space as trial space and piecewise linear space as test space, since the second derivative of a cubic spline is a linear spline. Optimal‐order error estimates are obtained without any restriction on the mesh for both semi‐discrete and fully discrete schemes. The advantage of this method over that presented in Manickam et al., Comput. Math. Appl. vol. 35(6) (1998) pp. 5–25; for the same problem is that the size (i.e., (n + 1) × (n + 1)) of each resulting linear system is less than half of the size of the linear system of the earlier method, where n is the number of subintervals in the partition. Further, there is a requirement of less regularity on exact solution in this method. The results are validated with numerical examples. Finally, instability behavior of the solution is numerically captured with this method.
Operator splitting for numerical solution of the modified Burgers' equation using finite element method
Authors: Uçar Yusuf , Yağmurlu Nuri M. , Çelikkaya İhsan
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study is to obtain numerical behavior of a one‐dimensional modified Burgers' equation using cubic B‐spline collocation finite element method after splitting the equation with Strang splitting technique. Moreover, the Ext4 and Ext6 methods based on Strang splitting and derived from extrapolation have also been applied to the equation. To observe how good and effective this technique is, we have used the well‐known the error normsL2andL∞in the literature and compared them with previous studies. In addition, the von Neumann (Fourier series) method has been applied after the nonlinear term has been linearized to investigate the stability of the method.
Breast cancer in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Johnson Rebecca H. , Anders Carey K. , Litton Jennifer K. , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Bleyer Archie
Published: August 2018

Breast cancer is the most common cancer of adolescents and young adult (AYA) women aged 15 to 39 years, accounting for 5.6% of all invasive breast cancer in women. In comparison with older women, AYAs are more likely to have familial cancer predisposition genes, larger breast tumors, unfavorable biological characteristics, distant metastatic disease at diagnosis, and adverse outcome. Endocrine therapy and some chemotherapy recommendations differ between young and older women. AYAs require coordinated multidisciplinary care, treatment regimens that minimize late effects such as premature menopause and osteoporosis, and proactive management of psychological and sexual health during and after cancer treatment.
Parent perspectives on oncology team communication regarding neurocognitive impacts of cancer therapy and school reentry
Authors: Ruble Kathy , Paré‐Blagoev Juliana , Cooper Stacy , Martin Allison , Jacobson Lisa A.
Published: August 2018

Background

Neurocognitive deficits are common after childhood cancer and impact academic performance. Parents need to be knowledgeable of long‐term complications impacting school and the resources necessary to support educational achievement. The oncology team plays an important role in preparing parents for the challenges of returning to school after treatment.

Methods

An online survey developed by parents and stakeholders was used to assess parent experiences and preferences associated with oncology team support around neurocognitive deficits and school transition. Recruitment included social media sites, foundation contacts, and clinic/event flyers. Topics included information content, timing, and frequency of information; and utility or perceived value of information. Inclusion criteria included respondent identifying as a parent (caregiver) of child treated for cancer who has returned to school.

Results

Surveys from 203 parents were completed representing diverse geographic locations. Nearly half (48%) did not recall receiving information about neurocognitive deficits. The most frequently reported time to receive this information was at diagnosis, but parents reported a need for conversations throughout the cancer trajectory, especially at transition to survivorship and school reentry. In addition, half of the parents (51%) felt inadequately prepared for the return to school. Information about neuropsychological testing, resources for learning difficulties, educational terms, and legal rights related to school services were the topics most inadequately provided.

Conclusions

Parents feel inadequately prepared by their oncology team for their child's return to school. Research is needed to identify effective oncology team approaches to fill the gaps in knowledge around school reentry after cancer treatment.
Perceived benefits of and barriers to psychosocial risk screening in pediatric oncology by health care providers
Authors: Barrera Maru , Alexander Sarah , Shama Wendy , Mills Denise , Desjardins Leandra , Hancock Kelly
Published: August 2018

Background

Although systematic psychosocial screening has been established as a standard of psychosocial care in pediatric oncology, this is not yet widely implemented in clinical practice. Limited information is available regarding the reasons behind this. In this study, we investigated perceptions of psychosocial screening by health care providers (HCPs) involved in pediatric cancer care.

Methods

Using purposeful sampling, 26 HCPs (11 oncologists, 8 nurses, and 7 social workers) from a large North American pediatric cancer center participated in semistructured interviews. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Themes were then derived using content analysis.

Results

The themes were organized into perceived benefits of and barriers to psychosocial risk screening, and practical issues regarding implementation. Perceived benefits of screening included obtaining concise documentation of family psychosocial risk, identifying psychosocial factors important to medical treatment, starting a conversation, and triaging patients to psychosocial services. Barriers included perceived limited institutional support, commitment, and resources for psychosocial services, limited knowledge and appreciation of existing evidence‐based validated tools, concerns about diverse family cultural backgrounds regarding psychosocial issues and language proficiency, and HCPs’ personal values regarding psychosocial screening. Finally, practical issues of implementation including training in psychosocial risk screening, when and how to screen were discussed.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the importance of addressing HCPs’ perceptions of benefits, barriers, and practical issues regarding implementing psychosocial risk screening.
Generic formulations of imatinib for treatment of Philadelphia chromosome–positive leukemia in pediatric patients
Authors: Suttorp Meinolf , Metzler Markus , Millot Frederic , Shimada Hiroyuki , Bansal Deepak , Günes Adalet Meral , Kalwak Krzysztof , Sedlacek Petr , Baruchel Andre , Biondi Andrea , Hijiya Nobuko , Schultz Kirk R. , Schrappe Martin
Published: August 2018

Since the patent for imatinib has expired, the role of generic imatinib (GI) in the management of Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) leukemia in pediatric patients has had ongoing discussion. Some studies in adults demonstrated that equivalent doses of GI and branded imatinib (BI) result in comparable plasma concentrations and clinical efficacy. However, other studies found that GI users are more likely to stop imatinib, with intolerance and decreased persistence as the main causes. Economic factors also heavily influence GI selection. This article aims to review the present knowledge to support further discussion on the role of GI in the management of pediatric Ph+ leukemia.
The influence of pH, hydrolysis and degree of substitution on the temperature‐sensitive properties of polyaspartamides
Authors: Vega‐Chacón Jaime , Debone Piazza Rodolfo , Costa Marques Rodrigo Fernando , Elaissari Abdelhamid , Jafelicci Miguel
Published: August 2018

Temperature‐sensitive polyaspartamide obtained by the aminolysis reaction of polysuccinimide with isopropylamine has been proposed as a good material for biomedical applications. The polymer is susceptible to hydrolysis producing carboxyl groups; thus the temperature‐sensitive behavior of the polymer depends on pH. A set of polyaspartamides was synthesized with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH) and substitution (DS). The influence of DH, DS and pH on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polyaspartamides was studied. The LCST of the polyaspartamides increases as the pH increases and at the same pH the polymer with higher DH presents a higher LCST. Also, at the same pH an increment in the DS produces a decrease in the LCST. These tendencies are explained by the presence of a carboxylate group on the polyaspartamide structure. The behaviors can be tailored as functions of DS and DH enabling the use of temperature‐sensitive polyaspartamide in different biomedical applications where pH and/or temperature changes will trigger a drug delivery. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Born This Way: Using Intrinsic Disorder to Map the Connections between SLITRKs, TSHR, and Male Sexual Orientation
Authors: Basavanhally Tara , Fonseca Renée , Uversky Vladimir N.
Published: August 2018

Recently, genome‐wide association study reveals a significant association between specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in men and their sexual orientation. These SNPs (rs9547443 and rs1035144) reside in the intergenic region between the SLITRK5 and SLITRK6 genes and in the intronic region of the TSHR gene and might affect functionality of SLITRK5, SLITRK6, and TSHR proteins that are engaged in tight control of key developmental processes, such as neurite outgrowth and modulation, cellular differentiation, and hormonal regulation. SLITRK5 and SLITRK6 are single‐pass transmembrane proteins, whereas TSHR is a heptahelical G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR). Mutations in these proteins are associated with various diseases and are linked to phenotypes found at a higher rate in homosexual men. A bioinformatics analysis of SLITRK5, SLITRK6, and TSHR proteins is conducted to look at their structure, protein interaction networks, and propensity for intrinsic disorder. It is assumed that this information might improve understanding of the roles that SLITRK5, SLITRK6, and TSHR play within neuronal and thyroidal tissues and give insight into the phenotypes associated with male homosexuality.
Elevation of modulus and elongation of semicrystalline polyurethanes
Authors: Zhai Jinxian , Wamuo Onyenkachi , Zhao Weiwei , Tao Xueyu , Hsu Shaw Ling , Slark Andrew
Published: August 2018

Polyurethanes were synthesized based on an amorphous polyester polyol, and different chain extenders, comparing the universally accepted symmetric chain extender (1,4‐butanediol) with an asymmetric (1,2‐propanediol) chain extender. The effect of incorporating a crystalline polyester polyol polyhexamethylene adipate (PHMA) was investigated. The resulting morphologies and tensile properties are dramatically different. Based on the thermal and infrared data obtained, the sample with the symmetric chain extender exhibits a phase‐separated morphology, which can change as a function of time and temperature. Conversely, the polyurethane with the asymmetric chain extender has a phase mixed morphology that remains stable under the same experimental conditions. Incorporating crystalline PHMA resulted in a substantial change in the mechanical properties of the materials, especially for the copolymer comprising asymmetric chain extender. The rate of crystallization and the degree of crystallization achieved depended on the type of chain extender used. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018
Efficacy of psychosocial and physical activity‐based interventions to improve body image among women treated for breast cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Lewis‐Smith Helena , Diedrichs Phillippa Claire , Rumsey Nichola , Harcourt Diana
Published: August 2018

Objective

Body image concerns warrant attention among women who have undergone treatment for breast cancer, due to their significant consequences for psychological and physical health, and interpersonal relationships. This paper systematically reviews the effectiveness of interventions on body image outcomes among this group, in order to inform health care provision and strategic directions for research.

Methods

Fourteen electronic databases were searched for articles published between 1992 and 2017 that evaluated interventions with women who had undergone treatment for breast cancer in controlled trials with at least one body image measure. Data were extracted and studies were assessed for their methodological quality using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias.

Results

Twenty‐one articles evaluating 26 interventions met inclusion criteria. Nine interventions significantly improved body image at either post‐test or follow‐up (ds = 0.15‐1.43), with none reporting sustained effects across all time points. Effective interventions comprised psychotherapy, psychoeducation, or physical activity, were delivered at different treatment stages and mostly adopted a multisession, face‐to‐face, group format. However, only 4 interventions were evaluated within methodologically rigorous studies and are therefore recommended for use by health professionals aiming to improve the body image of women at different stages of treatment for breast cancer.

Conclusions

To advance the field, we recommend a less biomedical disease‐ and treatment‐focused approach to interventions, and instead a more biopsychosocial theoretical approach targeting broader modifiable psychosocial influences upon body image. Replication and randomised controlled trials of greater rigour are also required to improve the methodological quality of studies.
Thermokarst pond dynamics in subarctic environment monitoring with radar remote sensing
Authors: Wang Lingxiao , Jolivel Maxime , Marzahn Philip , Bernier Monique , Ludwig Ralf
Published: August 2018

Permafrost degradation can be monitored through changes in the surface area and depth of thermokarst ponds. Radar remote sensing allows for discrimination of thermokarst ponds of different depths across large areas because different water depths produce different ice regimes in winter. In this study, patterns in the spatial distribution of ice‐cover regimes of thermokarst ponds in a typical discontinuous permafrost region are first revealed. Correlations of these ice‐cover regimes with the permafrost degradation states and thermokarst pond development in two historical phases were analyzed and compared. The results indicate that the ice‐cover regimes of thermokarst ponds are affected by soil texture, permafrost degradation stage and permafrost depth. Permafrost degradation is difficult to assess directly from the coverage area of floating‐ice ponds and the percentage of all thermokarst ponds consisting of such floating‐ice ponds in a single year. Therefore, continuous monitoring of ice‐cover regimes and surface areas can help to elucidate the hydrological trajectory of the thermokarst process and permafrost state.
Spatial demography: A unifying core and agenda for further research
Authors: Raymer James , Willekens Frans , Rogers Andrei
Published: August 2018

With increases in the availability of geo‐referenced data, there has been a push for developing better methods to study demographic processes across space. This paper reviews the recent developments in “spatial demography” and argues that an important aspect has been neglected, namely, the focus on the dynamics and interactions of population change across space, which is an area that should be central to the field. Frameworks for analysing spatial demography were first proposed in multiregional demography. This paper revisits these methods and then describes how methods developed by geographers, economists, and other social scientists for analysing spatial data may be better integrated to study spatial population dynamics.
Spin State of Cobalt Ions and the Magnetic Properties of Heavily Ba‐Substituted Cobaltites with Perovskite Structure
Authors: Troyanchuk Igor , Bushinsky Maxim , Tereshko Nina , Ritter Clemens , Sikolenko Vadim , Silibin Maxim
Published: August 2018

The evolution of the magnetic and magnetotransport properties and of the crystal structure in the cobaltites La0.45Ba0.55CoO3‐δ and La0.4Ba0.6CoO3‐δ depending on the oxygen content is investigated by various methods. The oxygen content decrease leads to a stabilization of the oxidation state 3+ of the cobalt ions and to a transition from ferromagnetic conducting state into an insulating antiferromagnetic long‐range one. Application of a magnetic field gradually transforms the antiferromagnetic state into a ferromagnetic one. This transition is accompanied by a large magnetoresistance effect. There is no obvious temperature dependence of the average cubic unit cell parameter, however, temperature evolution of diffraction peak profiles suggests a phase separation scenario apparently due to a spin crossover. It is assumed that the ferromagnetic component corresponds to the collective intermediate spin state of cobalt ions while antiferromagnetic phase corresponds to a mixed high/low spin state.
Effect of Combined Alkali (KF + CsF) Post‐Deposition Treatment on Cu(InGa)Se2 Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Shinho , Tampo Hitoshi , Shibata Hajime , Matsubara Koji , Niki Shigeru
Published: August 2018

This study reveals combined alkali (KF + CsF) post‐deposition treatment (PDT) effects on a Cu(InGa)Se2 (CIGSe) cell. Three different alkali‐PDTs (KF, CsF, and combined KF + CsF) on CIGSe thin films have been performed. The CIGSe cell with KF‐PDT exhibits further reduction in the recombination at the CdS/buffer interface, whereas the CIGSe cell with CsF‐PDT exhibits further reduction in the recombination in bulk. In addition, the CIGSe cell with combined alkali‐PDT exhibits reduced recombination at both the CdS/CIGSe interface and in bulk compared to all other cells. By applying the combined alkali‐PDT, a highly efficient CIGSe device with 20.15% is achieved.
Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits colorectal cancer stem cells by suppressing Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Chen Yue , Li Yuan , Wang Xiao‐qian , Meng Yu , Zhang Qi , Zhu Jian‐yun , Chen Jia‐qi , Cao Wan‐shuang , Wang Xue‐qi , Xie Chun‐feng , Li Xiao‐ting , Geng Shan‐shan , Wu Jie‐shu , Zhong Cai‐yun , Han Hong‐yu
Published: August 2018

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to play essential roles in the process of origination, proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer, and their properties are regulated by Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a natural product obtained from cruciferous vegetables with anticancer activities. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect and the underlying mechanisms of PEITC on colorectal CSCs. In this study, we found that PEITC can significantly reduce the size and number of colorectal cancer cell spheroids in serum‐free medium. With increasing PEITC concentrations (10–40 μM), the number of spheroids was reduced to about 10% of the control group, and the percentage of CD133+ cells was decreased by about 3–16 folds. PEITC also decreased the expression of CSC markers. Meanwhile, inhibition of proliferation as well as induction of apoptosis of colorectal CSCs was observed after PEITC treatment. Furthermore, through activating Wnt/β‐catenin pathway with LiCl, the inhibitory effects of PEITC on colorectal CSCs were diminished. Our data suggested that PEITC can be an effective inhibitor of colorectal CSCs by targeting Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.
Selective fragmentation of the N‐glycan moiety and protein backbone of ribonuclease B on an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid mass spectrometer
Authors: Li Shasha , Zhou Yue , Xiao Kaijie , Li Jing , Tian Zhixin
Published: August 2018

Rationale

The functional study and application of an intact glycoprotein require the structural characterization of both the protein backbone and the glycan moiety; the former has been successfully demonstrated with selective fragmentation of the protein backbone in CID and ExD; whether the latter can be achieved with selective fragmentation of the glycan moiety remains to be explored.

Methods

RNase B solution was electrosprayed and its intact glycoforms of GlcNAc2Mann (n = 5–9) with the highest abundance (charge state z = 16) were isolated individually and fragmented using CID, ETD, HCD, ETciD, and EThcD on the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid mass spectrometer; the dissociation parameters were optimized for selective fragmentation of the N‐glycan moiety and protein backbone as well as high sequence coverage. The obtained spectra were interpreted using the protein and N‐glycan database search engines ProteinGoggle and GlySeeker, respectively.

Results

With exploration of different dissociation parameters for all the five methods, selective fragmentation of the N‐glycan moiety (the protein backbone staying intact) was observed in both HCD and EThcD at low collisional energies, but only a few matched product ions were observed; more comprehensive fragmentation was observed at high collisional energies (the protein backbone lost). Selective protein backbone fragmentation was observed in all the five dissociation methods.

Conclusions

For comprehensive structural characterization of intact N‐glycoproteins using tandem mass spectrometry, the composition and topology of the N‐glycan moiety can be identified using HCD and EThcD complementarily at low and high energies; while the amino acid sequence and glycosite can be identified using CID, ETD, HCD, ETciD, and EThcD with their optimal dissociation parameters.
Identifying optimal hauling densities for adult Chinook salmon trap and haul operations
Authors: Colvin Michael E. , Peterson James T. , Sharpe Cameron , Kent Michael L. , Schreck Carl B.
Published: August 2018

Trap and haul programmes are used to conserve fish populations by circumventing high mortality locations or events and enhancing population abundance by reintroducing fish to historical habitats and mitigating for fish passage limitations. Spring‐run Chinook salmon are transported in trucks upstream of barrier dams in Willamette River Tributaries as part of fish conservation efforts. Fish mortalities occurring during hauling minimize the utility of the effort because natural origin fish are targeted for theses outplanting efforts. The objectives of this study were to develop models predicting hauling mortality and identify optimal hauling densities that minimize mortality risk and effort. We used an information‐theoretic approach to evaluate multiple models predicting hauling mortality. Predictors identified varied between the two dams evaluated but were related to operations and annual or in‐river conditions. The amount of time loading fish and the density of fish in tank trucks were positively associated with hauling mortality. Instream flows and thermal exposure were also identified as factors predicting with hauling mortality. We used the results of model selection to predict mortality risk and calculate daily hauling effort. Risk and effort were combined into a utility to identify optimal hauling densities for varying numbers of fish to haul and transport truck volume. Optimal hauling densities varied between dams reflecting whether loading time or hauling density was associated with hauling mortality. This analysis provides managers a way to integrate research, monitoring, and management to improve understanding of factors associated with hauling mortality and adjust optimal hauling densities using adaptive management.
Slope and soil nutrients can explain the distribution of Phragmites australis and Phragmites japonica in riparian wetlands
Authors: Park Hyun Jun , Nam Bo Eun , Hong Mun Gi , Kim Jae Geun
Published: August 2018

Selecting appropriate plant species is required for effective vegetational restoration. Phragmites australis and Phragmites japonica are large perennial grasses frequently used for restoration of wetland ecosystems. They have different distribution ranges along stream. We analysed plant density, stream slope, and physicochemical characteristics of soil at their habitats to distinguish environmental factors responsible for the distribution ranges. P. japonica was distributed at upper stream side with average slope of 8.4 m/km whereas P. australis inhabited at lower stream side with average slope of 1.7 m/km. Moisture content, organic matter, PO4‐P, NH4‐N, K+, and Ca2+ contents in soil were significantly higher at habitats of P. australis than those at habitats of P. japonica. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that NH4‐N, K+, and organic matter contents had the strongest influences on the density of these two species. The density of P. australis and P. japonica can be explained by the following multiple linear regression models with soil NH4‐N and K+ contents: DPJ = 97.471–0.052CNH4‐N − 0.185CK and DPA = 7.533 + 0.135CNH4‐N + 0.032CK (DPA = Density of P. australis, DPJ = Density of P. japonica, CNH4‐N = Content of NH4‐N, CK = Content of K+). These models can be used as references to select P. japonica or P. australis for restoring stream ecosystem.
Selective, Efficient and Gram‐Scale Oxidation of Alcohols Using Household Bleach in the Presence of Fe3O4@Boehmite‐NH2‐CoII Nanoparticles
Authors: Zamani Masoumeh , Akhlaghinia Batool , Mohammadinezhad Arezou
Published: August 2018

A new magnetic nanostructured core–shell‐like Fe3O4@Boehmite‐NH2‐CoII NPs as an environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst reported earlier by our group, has been found to be very effective for the oxidation of alcohols in aqueous media using household bleach at room temperature. The method has been applied for the oxidation of a range of primary and secondary benzylic, allylic and aliphatic alcohols with variable functionalities in excellent yields and selectivity. An aqueous medium, magnetic separation by an external magnetic field, low catalyst loading and catalyst reusability up to six runs without significant decrease in catalytic activity made the present procedure sustainable, economically viable and better than the most previously reported protocols.
Self‐Assembled Metal–Phenolic Networks on Emulsions as Low‐Fouling and pH‐Responsive Particles
Authors: Besford Quinn A. , Ju Yi , Wang Ting‐Yi , Yun Gyeongwon , Cherepanov PavelV. , Hagemeyer Christoph E. , Cavalieri Francesca , Caruso Frank
Published: August 2018

Interfacial self‐assembly is a powerful organizational force for fabricating functional nanomaterials, including nanocarriers, for imaging and drug delivery. Herein, the interfacial self‐assembly of pH‐responsive metal–phenolic networks (MPNs) on the liquid–liquid interface of oil‐in‐water emulsions is reported. Oleic acid emulsions of 100–250 nm in diameter are generated by ultrasonication, to which poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based polyphenolic ligands are assembled with simultaneous crosslinking by metal ions, thus forming an interfacial MPN. PEG provides a protective barrier on the emulsion phase and renders the emulsion low fouling. The MPN‐coated emulsions have a similar size and dispersity, but an enhanced stability when compared with the uncoated emulsions, and exhibit a low cell association in vitro, a blood circulation half‐life of ≈50 min in vivo, and are nontoxic to healthy mice. Furthermore, a model anticancer drug, doxorubicin, can be encapsulated within the emulsion phase at a high loading capacity (≈5 fg of doxorubicin per emulsion particle). The MPN coating imparts pH‐responsiveness to the drug‐loaded emulsions, leading to drug release at cell internalization pH and a potent cell cytotoxicity. The results highlight a straightforward strategy for the interfacial nanofabrication of pH‐responsive emulsion–MPN systems with potential use in biomedical applications.
Critical Annealing Temperature for Stacking Orientation of Bilayer Graphene
Authors: Zhu Zhenwei , Zhan Linjie , Shih Tien‐Mo , Wan Wen , Lu Jie , Huang Junjie , Guo Shengshi , Zhou Yinghui , Cai Weiwei
Published: August 2018

It is rarely reported that stacking orientations of bilayer graphene (BLG) can be manipulated by the annealing process. Most investigators have painstakingly fabricated this BLG by chemical vapor deposition growth or mechanical means. Here, it is discovered that, at ≈600 °C, called the critical annealing temperature (CAT), most stacking orientations collapse into strongly coupled or AB‐stacked states. This phenomenon is governed (i) macroscopically by the stress generation and release in top graphene domains, evolving from mild ripples to sharp billows in certain local areas, and (ii) microscopically by the principle of minimal potential obeyed by carbon atoms that have acquired sufficient thermal energy at CAT. Conspicuously, evolutions of stacking orientations in Raman mappings under various annealing temperatures are observed. Furthermore, MoS2 synthesized on BLG is used to directly observe crystal orientations of top and bottom graphene layers. The finding of CAT provides a guide for the fabrication of strongly coupled or AB‐stacked BLG, and can be applied to aligning other 2D heterostructures.
SnS2 Nanosheets Coating on Nanohollow Cubic CoS2/C for Ultralong Life and High Rate Capability Half/Full Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shi Ludi , Li Dongzhi , Yao Pingping , Yu Jiali , Li Cuihua , Yang Bo , Zhu Caizhen , Xu Jian
Published: August 2018

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted tremendous interest and become a worldwide research hotpot owing to their low cost and abundant resources. To obtain suitable anode materials with excellent performance for SIBs, an effective and controllable strategy is presented to fabricate SnS2 nanosheets coating on nanohollow cubic CoS2/C (CoS2/C@SnS2) composites with a hollow structure using Co‐metal‐organic frameworks as the starting material. As anodes for SIBs, the CoS2/C@SnS2 electrode exhibits ultralong cycle life and excellent rate performance, which can maintain a high specific capacity of 400.1 mAh g−1 even after 3500 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1. When used in a full‐cell, it also shows enhanced sodium storage properties and delivers a high reversible capacity of 567.3 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1. This strategy can pave a way for preparing various metal sulfides with fascinating structure and excellent performance for the potential application in energy storage area.
Bivariate smoothing of mortality surfaces with cohort and period ridges
Authors: Dokumentov Alexander , Hyndman Rob J. , Tickle Leonie
Published: August 2018

Mortality rates typically vary smoothly over age and time. Exceptions occur owing to events such as wars and epidemics, which create ridges in the age‐period surface of mortality rates in a particular year or for cohorts born in a particular year. We propose a new practical method for modelling the age‐period surface of mortality rates. Our approach uses L1 regularization with bivariate smoothing and allows for age‐varying period and cohort ridges in the otherwise smooth surface. Cross‐validation on data from many countries and from simulations demonstrates that our approach is superior to existing approaches in estimating the “true” age‐period mortality surface. It also provides greater insight into the underlying mortality dynamics, informing mortality modelling, analysis and forecasting. Although designed for the modelling of mortality rates, our method can also be applied to any bivariate data with occasional ridges and extends the statistical literature on quantile smoothing. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliability analysis of service routing for a power system communication network based on MCS‐RBD
Authors: Xiong Lan , Fan Yuyi , Liu Yu , Yang Zikang , Zeng Zeyu
Published: August 2018

The Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) is widely used to calculate the reliability of power systems, while it can hardly distinguish the states of information transmission between normal and fault. To reflect the reliability level of the transmission route objectively, a Modified Cut Set of RBD (MCS‐RBD) is put forward. Traditional Traffic Routing Assignment Algorithms such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) cannot balance the risk of excessive service concentration in the communication network of power systems. Hence, a Service Importance Balance‐Based Traffic‐Routing Assignment Algorithm (SIBTRA) is introduced to adjust the service distribution to avoid excessive concentration properly. In this study, important degrees of services are determined, respectively, whereby complete sets (CSs) and tie sets (TSs) of a communication network are built, which includes a source‐node station and a destination‐node station. Moreover, reliability of every node and path is calculated. Consequently, the system reliability of the optical transmission network is determined by all the elements described above. Meanwhile, the reason for using SIBTRA to balance the service distribution of the electric power communication can be assessed. Besides node reliability and path reliability, service‐routing reliability of communication networks before and after renovation is computed using MCS‐RBD and compared simultaneously, which validates the ability and feasibility of the MCS‐RBD positively. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Early warning of current‐carrying faults based on deterioration assessment of electric contacts
Authors: He Xin , Xu Li , Zhang Zhe
Published: August 2018

This article presents a novel early warning approach of current‐carrying faults of electric equipment based on the deterioration assessment of electric contacts. We propose to detect the temperature diversity among three phases at a certain site by employing the singular entropy analysis to the temperature sequences. Then, power spectrum density is employed to analyze the deterioration and to locate the potential faulty contacts while accomplishing the precaution task. Experimental results are presented to verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed method. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analyzing the correlation and predictability of wind speed series based on mutual information
Authors: Chen Ziming , Xue Zhengyi , Zhang Luliang , Ji Tianyao , Li Mengshi , Wu Qinghua
Published: August 2018

The stochastic nature of wind makes it difficult for wind speed forecast to achieve high accuracy. We suggest a mutual information analysis before wind speed forecast. This pre‐processing procedure reveals the correlation of wind speed data; therefore, helps to analyze the predictability of specific wind speed series and reduce the redundancy of forecast models, helping to select the most appropriate length of the input window of a neural network. To verify the feasibility of the proposed method, three kinds of time series and a forecast model are introduced as simulation studies. The results demonstrate that mutual information reflects the correlation and predictability of wind speed quantitatively. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Engaging in a Literate Life: Stories From Five Countries
Authors: Callow Jon
Published: August 2018

The International Literacy Association is a global advocacy organization, and literacy is viewed as a human right worldwide. This department highlights research and research‐to‐practice at the international level to bring global best teaching practices to the forefront. Topics may include best practices for literacy instruction in Europe or other continents/countries, partnership and collaborative projects between international schools/teachers, and advocacy.
Simplicity from recoil: the three-loop soft function and factorization for the energy-energy correlation
Authors: Moult Ian , Zhu Hua Xing
Published: August 2018

Abstract

We derive an operator based factorization theorem for the energy-energy correlation (EEC) observable in the back-to-back region, allowing the cross section to be written as a convolution of hard, jet and soft functions. We prove the equivalence of the soft functions for the EEC and color singlet transverse-momentum resummation to all-loop order, and give their analytic result to three-loops. Large logarithms appearing in the perturbative expansion of the EEC can be resummed to all orders using renormalization group evolution. We give analytic results for all required anomalous dimensions to three-loop order, providing the first example of a transverse-momentum (recoil) sensitive e
+
e
− event shape whose anomalous dimensions are known at this order. The EEC can now be computed to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading logarithm matched to next-to-next-to-leading order, making it a prime candidate for precision QCD studies and extractions of the strong coupling constant. We anticipate that our factorization theorem will also be crucial for understanding non-perturbative power corrections for the EEC, and their relationship to those appearing in other observables.
Sum rules for characters from character-preservation property of matrix models
Authors: Mironov A. , Morozov A.
Published: August 2018

Abstract

One of the main features of eigenvalue matrix models is that the averages of characters are again characters, what can be considered as a far-going generalization of the Fourier transform property of Gaussian exponential. This is true for the standard Hermitian and unitary (trigonometric) matrix models and for their various deformations, classical and quantum ones. Arising explicit formulas for the partition functions are very efficient for practical computer calculations. However, to handle them theoretically, one needs to tame remaining finite sums over representations of a given size, which turns into an interesting conceptual problem. Already the semicircle distribution in the large-Nlimit implies interesting combinatorial sum rules for characters. We describe also implications toW-representations, including a character decomposition of cut-and-join operators, which unexpectedly involves only single-hook diagrams and also requires non-trivial summation identities.
Gambling Disorder Treatment Referrals Within the Irish Mental Health Service: A National Survey Using Freedom of Information Requests
Authors: Columb David , Griffiths Mark D. , O’Gara Colin
Published: August 2018

Gambling disorder is an increasingly recognised problem amongst healthcare professionals and the general public but there is little information on what services are provided within the Irish healthcare system for the disorder. The aim of the present study (adapted from a study in the UK by Rigbye and Griffiths [International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 9, 276–281, 2011] was to ascertain how referrals for gambling disorder are processed and what services are available for gambling disorder within the Irish healthcare system. Email requests for information on gambling disorder referrals were sent to the main super-catchment areas in Ireland known as Community Healthcare Organisations (CHOs) and part of the national Health Executive Service (HSE). Email requests were also sent to Primary Care services and Regional and Local Drug Task forces in Ireland. Each request asked a number of questions related to gambling disorder referrals (adapted from the study by Rigbye and Griffiths). Responses were received from seven of the nine CHOs (77.8%) and eight of the 24 Drug Task Forces (33.3%), as well as from Primary Care services. Four of the CHOs surveyed (50%) offered some form of service for gambling disorder as a part of their Community Mental Health Team (CMHT), most commonly through a Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) in Addictions. Referrals varied between 10 and 39 referrals in a 12-month period per CHO. Half of the Drug Task Forces surveyed offered a service for gambling disorder as part of their overall service and the majority offered onward referral to either a residential programme or a self-help organisation. Primary care services did not provide any specific services for gambling disorder. There is an evident need for a consistent and dedicated pathway for the referral and management of gambling disorder within the HSE.
A novel reference model for ambient assisted living systems' architectures
Authors: El murabet Amina , Abtoy Anouar , Touhafi Abdellah , Tahiri Abderahim
Published: August 2018

AAL (Ambient Assisted Living) is lacking a RM (Reference Model) to serve as an abstraction of the domain. Therefore, to help implement new architectures established on the prior experiences of the designer’s expertise and former competences, in this paper, we propose a novel approach of an AAL RM. Our objective is to handle the resolution of conflicts that appear between the developers, and give an overview of the basis for implementing concrete software architectures for different families of AAL applications. Our proposed RM is a standardized clarification for developers to apply in the process of the design and implementation. We illuminate the AAL domain fundamental dimensions and we established a formal RM with an infrastructure that could survive the domain’s progression. To achieve integrated system-of-systems composed of systems, subsystems and components, our RM describes a standard and regulated structure to be established. High-level elements, essential properties and characteristics that must appear in the application’s design are described and illustrated in this work.