bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Short-term Exercise Program on Functional Independence in Patient with Hydropneumothorax: A Case Study
Authors: Chawake Vaishnavi , Yadav Vaishnavi , Jain Moli , Lakkadsha Tasneem , Bhakaney Pallavi
Published: January 2022

Background: Hydro-pneumothorax is a rare variant of pneumothorax. It occurs when both free fluid and air is present within the pleural space. The goal of the treatment is to relieve the pressure on the lung, allowing it to re-expand. Treatment options may involve solely observation or needle aspiration or intercostal tube drainage (ICD), along with antibiotic cover, all of this anchored with physiotherapeutic management.

Case presentation: A 54 years old male visited hospital with complaints of dyspnea (MMRC grade II), dry cough and high-grade fever since one month along with a history of chronic alcohol consumption and tobacco chewing since more than 10 years.

Investigations: Laboratory investigations include Chest X-ray which showed fairly large opacities with fluid level in right side. The costo-phrenic angle on the right side was obliterated, multiple small patchy opacities are also seen in right lower zones. Along with these findings, there was contralateral mediastinal shift.

Treatment: Physiotherapy intervention included patient education, breathing retraining, airway clearance techniques, positioning, walking program with supplemented oxygen and psychological support. Outcome measures have shown improvement in functional independence and performance of activities of daily living.

Conclusion: Physiotherapy management showed efficient results in improving the lung function, quality of life, inducing relaxation and early return to pre-disease life in patient with hydro pneumothorax.
Physiotherapeutic Rehabilitation of a 48-Year Male with Buccal Mucosa Carcinoma of Squamous Cell: A Case Report
Authors: Wankhade Shrutika H. , Patil Shubhangi , Thorat Rupali
Published: January 2022

Buccal mucosa carcinoma of squamous cell is an uncommon kind of oral cavity cancer that is known to be dangerous. It's also linked to a high probability of local regional recurrence, and it's more likely in persons who chew tobacco and/or smoke, whether or not they drink alcohol. A 48-year patient is an elderly man who works as a farmer, mesomorphic built with right-hand dominance came to the tertiary care hospital with complaints of painful ulcers in upper left Jaw's front portion, which was relatively small initially and further increases to 6 x 4 cm approx., since last 4 months. Patient was complaining of pain, difficulty in mastication and manipulations etc. He has history of kharra chewing and tobacco chewing since last 10 years. With these complaints patient has come to the oral surgery department with buccal mucosa skin involvement and underwent surgery as compartmental resection of lesion, Modified Radical neck dissection and segmental mandibulectomy. Following surgical procedure patient has complaints of discomfort, limitation of movements at the operated site, chest pain, and limited mouth opening. For these complaints, programmed physiotherapy treatment was given to the patient which mainly concentrates on mouth opening and increasing range of motion of affected side.
Pathogenesis and Virulence of Chlamydia Trachomatis
Authors: Parashar Aastha , Deb Mrinangka
Published: January 2022

The pathogenesis of C. trachomatis disease is a multi-step process that includes: (1) infectivity and exposure to the organism (2) Susceptibility to infection and sickness related to the host's genetic makeup. Recurrence and chronic infections are also common in at-risk teenage and young adult groups. Antibiotic resistance to the primary medications used to treat C. trachomatis is becoming increasingly widespread, even with the correct diagnosis. Chlamydial infection can prevent tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-an-induced physiological apoptosis. Failure to adequately prevent, identify, treat, and remove infection increases the risk of pathogenicity and illness. The plasmid glycoproteins 1–8 (pGP1–8) encode eight open reading frames and most Chlamydia species. In the United Kingdom, there has been a recent increase in the prevalence of such illnesses, whereas, in the Scandinavian nations, there has been a drop, albeit there has been a minor increase in recent years (owing to the development of nucleic acid testing technologies, to some extent). However, it should be noted that reliable monitoring systems and population-based data are Chlamydia trachomatis 4 gitis. Chlamydia trachomatis is made plasma or accessible; moreover, it’s weakened in the vaginal canal of the mouse and nonhuman primate ocular tissue. The plasmid-free organisms ‘in vivo but not in vitro traits were completely mimeographs when pGP3 was inadequate, demonstrating that plasmid-encoded pGP3 is a critical virulence factor in vivo. Moreover, leading to a shortage of cost-effective moment in time tests, including methodologies consistent with strain typing during therapeutic, and the overall degree underlying therapeutic failure is foreign. Those disadvantages were exacerbated because the rest of the genders’ infestations were undiagnosed, allowing continuous silence propagation and developmental defects. The popular medications C. tachometers are becoming more prevalent with proper identification.
Online Learning of Students with Special Needs: Teachers’ Perspectives
Authors: Verulava Tengiz , Darbaidze Mariam , Baramia Mariam , Bouadze Catherine-Madonna
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 quarantine has affected educational systems in Georgia and all over the world, forcing to transform curriculum into an online format, which is a challenge for all the educational process participants. While online learning quickly became the default solution globally because of school closures, it was not the most accessible choice for the students with special needs. The aim of the research is to study the implementation of online learning of students with special needs amid the COVID-19 pandemic and investigates the challenges experienced by teachers during this period. Within the qualitative research in-depth interviews with selected practicing teachers were conducted. The vast majority of respondents are in favor of classroom lessons, as it helps the child to develop social skills, and due to the diversity of resources - motor skills, face-to-face communication, collaborative learning, physical contacts are extremely important for pupils with special educational needs. Some students do not have access to technological equipment and the Internet and were unable to use online learning platforms. Distance learning has increased the involvement of parents in the teaching process. Students with disabilities need confidence in the accessibility of the online learning tools that are becoming increasingly prevalent in education not only because of COVID-19 but also more generally. Educational technologies will be more accessible if they consider the learning context, and are designed to provide a supportive environment.
Epidural stimulation with locomotor training ameliorates unstable blood pressure after tetraplegia. A case report
Authors: Gorgey Ashraf S. , Sutor Tommy W. , Goldsmith Jacob A. , Ennasr Areej N. , Lavis Timothy D. , Cifu David X. , Trainer Robert
Published: January 2022

A male with C7 complete tetraplegia participated in 14 weeks of body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) combined with spinal cord epidural stimulation (SCES), 4 weeks of no intervention, and two more weeks of BWSTT + SCES. The participant presented with unstable resting seated blood pressure (BP; 131/66 mmHg). After retrospective analysis, resting systolic BP decreased and diastolic BP increased, yielding a safe mean arterial BP. There was a fivefold increase in BWSTT bouts per session, and percentage of body weight support decreased to 69%. BWSTT + SCES safely and effectively regulated resting BP and mitigated symptoms of orthostatic intolerance. These effects were not maintained after 4 weeks without training.
Decentralized adaptive formation control based on sliding mode strategy for a class of second‐order nonlinear unknown dynamic multi‐agent systems
Authors: Zhu Jiahao , Wen Guoxing , Li Bin
Published: January 2022

This article investigates a decentralized adaptive sliding mode formation control (SMFC) based on the leader–follower formation strategy for a class of second‐order nonlinear unknown dynamic multi‐agent systems. Unlike the first‐order multi‐agent formation, the second‐order formation needs to control not only the position but also the velocity, therefore it is more challenging and interesting. In order to handle the unknown dynamic problem, the adaptive neural network (NN) is employed to approximate the unknown dynamic function. Since every agent is required to directly communicate with leader agent, the adaptive NN law can be trained more sufficient. Moreover, in the control design, because a continuous proportional function is introduced to replace the discontinuous switching signal of the traditional sliding mode method, the chattering phenomenon that is a stubborn shortcoming of sliding strategy is effectively suppressed. According to Lyapunov stability analysis, it is proven that the proposed method can fulfill the control task. Finally, a numerical simulation example is executed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed controller.
Manipulating Interfacial Thermal Conduction of 2D Janus Heterostructure via a Thermo‐Mechanical Coupling
Authors: Ren Kai , Qin Huasong , Liu Huichao , Chen Yan , Liu Xiangjun , Zhang Gang
Published: January 2022

2D Janus transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductor materials have attracted great interest for their potential applications. Because of the increased requirement for thermal management in 2D devices with single‐atom thickness, a fundamental understanding of interfacial thermal conduction (ITC) has emerging significance. In this work, the ITC of in‐plane heterostructures constructed using MoSSe and WSSe is reported. In addition to the interface connected normally by MoSSe and WSSe with the same type of chalcogen atoms are on the same side of left and right sections, inversional interface by rotation of 180° of WSSe is also considered, in which S atoms are on the opposite side of the left and right sections. Interestingly, the ITC in the normally connected heterostructure is found to be almost twice as much as that in the inversely connected heterostructure. The unusually large change in ITC is attributed to the bending curvature and additional discontinuity in the inversely connected heterostructure. Euler–Bernoulli beam model gives further insight into the origin of such interface bending. The findings offer the very first insight into the phonon transport in Janus heterostructures, and benefit thermal management of 2D devices based on Janus monolayers.
Precursor Tailoring Enables Alkylammonium Tin Halide Perovskite Phosphors for Solid‐State Lighting
Authors: Li Ziliang , Deng Zhengtao , Johnston Andrew , Luo Jingwei , Chen Haijie , Dong Yitong , Sabatini Randy , Sargent Edward H.
Published: January 2022

Broadband emission with a large Stokes shift is of interest for applications in solid‐state lighting. Such emission is often achieved with self‐trapped excitons; however, in reduced‐dimensional perovskites, high‐performance self‐trapped emission has, until now, been widely observed only in lead‐based materials. Here, the synthesis in an air ambient of reduced‐dimensional Sn‐based perovskite phosphors R2 + xSnI4 + x [R = octylammonium (OTA), hexylammonium (HA) or butylammonium (BA)] is reported, an advance achieved by tailoring the synthesis of the Ruddlesden‐Popper 2D perovskites R2SnI4. The lead‐free R2 + xSnI4 + x phosphors have broadband self‐trapped emission with over 80% photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and more than a 150 nm Stokes shift. White‐light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) based on OTA2 + xSnI4 + x phosphors exhibit warm‐white emission (correlated color temperature = 2654K) suited to home lighting, and a CRI of 92, among the best for Pb‐free perovskite WLEDs reported to date.
Hetero‐Integration of Silicon Nanomembranes with 2D Materials for Bioresorbable, Wireless Neurochemical System
Authors: Yang Seung Min , Shim Jae Hyung , Cho Hyun‐U , Jang Tae‐Min , Ko Gwan‐Jin , Shim Jeongeun , Kim Tae Hee , Zhu Jia , Park Sangun , Kim Yoon Seok , Joung Su‐Yeon , Choe Jong Chan , Shin Jeong‐Woong , Lee Joong Hoon , Kang Yu Min , Cheng Huanyu , Jung Youngmee , Lee Chul‐Ho , Jang Dong Pyo , Hwang Suk‐Won
Published: January 2022

Although neurotransmitters are key substances closely related to evaluating degenerative brain diseases as well as regulating essential functions in the body, many research efforts have not been focused on direct observation of such biochemical messengers, rather on monitoring relatively associated physical, mechanical, and electrophysiological parameters. Here, a bioresorbable silicon‐based neurochemical analyzer incorporated with 2D transition metal dichalcogenides is introduced as a completely implantable brain‐integrated system that can wirelessly monitor time‐dynamic behaviors of dopamine and relevant parameters in a simultaneous mode. An extensive range of examinations of molybdenum/tungsten disulfide (MoS2/WS2) nanosheets and catalytic iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs) highlights the underlying mechanisms of strong chemical and target‐specific responses to the neurotransmitters, along with theoretical modeling tools. Systematic characterizations demonstrate reversible, stable, and long‐term operational performances of the degradable bioelectronics with excellent sensitivity and selectivity over those of non‐dissolvable counterparts. A complete set of in vivo experiments with comparative analysis using carbon‐fiber electrodes illustrates the capability for potential use as a clinically accessible tool to associated neurodegenerative diseases.
Unconventional Metallicity in Graphene Nanoribbons with Armchair Edges
Authors: López‐Urías Florentino , Ortiz‐Medina Josué
Published: January 2022

Using first‐principles density functional theory calculations, 1D armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) and graphene with an extended line defect (ELD) mimicking a grain boundary (GB) are investigated. Two AGNRs with n and m indices are laterally coupled, generating an ELD with alternated four‐ and eight‐membered carbon rings. Band structure, electronic density of states, wave functions, scanning tunneling microscope image, and quantum transport are analyzed. Unlike the conventional semiconducting behavior of AGNRs, the authors demonstrated that AGNRs with a 4‐8‐ELD exhibit a metallic behavior for n = m = 3p + 2 (p ≥ 0). They further demonstrate that graphene with 4‐8‐ELDs is metallic compared to the semi‐metallic behavior shown by the pristine graphene. Additionally, they investigate the effect of a single vacancy placed at the 4‐8‐ELDs on the electronic properties of AGNRs. The present investigation provides a theoretical basis to tailor graphene structures with possible applications in electronic devices.
Research on Fractal Model of Load Distribution and Axial Stiffness of Planetary Roller Screw Mechanism Considering Surface Roughness and Friction Factor
Authors: Du Xing , Chen Bingkui , Liu Rongrong , Li Chaoyang
Published: January 2022

The effects of surface roughness and material properties of the planetary roller screw mechanism (PRSM) on the axial stiffness and load distribution are rarely studied. In this paper, the load distribution model is presented by incorporating into friction factor and surface microtopography. The microcontact model is built by considering elastic and plastic regimes to calculate the total actual contact area. Moreover, the load distribution model is modified by introducing surface microcontact coefficient. Then, the influences of the nut position, fractal dimension, fractal roughness, friction factor, axial load, and material yield strength on the axial stiffness and load distribution are studied in detail. The numerical results show that the axial stiffness rises with the increment of the nut position, axial load, fractal dimension, and yield strength, and reduces with the fractal roughness and friction factor increasing. In addition, the uniformity of the load distribution increases with the increment of the fractal roughness, and drops with the increase of the fractal dimension and material yield strength. This investigation lays the foundation for the design, manufacturing, and use of the PRSM.
Ultrasensitive Multimodal Tactile Sensors with Skin‐Inspired Microstructures through Localized Ferroelectric Polarization
Authors: Shin Young‐Eun , Park Yong‐Jin , Ghosh Sujoy Kumar , Lee Youngoh , Park Jonghwa , Ko Hyunhyub
Published: January 2022

Multifunctional electronic skins have attracted considerable attention for soft electronics including humanoid robots, wearable devices, and health monitoring systems. Simultaneous detection of multiple stimuli in a single self‐powered device is desired to simplify artificial somatosensory systems. Here, inspired by the structure and function of human skin, an ultrasensitive self‐powered multimodal sensor is demonstrated based on an interlocked ferroelectric copolymer microstructure. The triboelectric and pyroelectric effects of ferroelectric microstructures enable the simultaneous detection of mechanical and thermal stimuli in a spacer‐free single device, overcoming the drawbacks of conventional devices, including complex fabrication, structural complexity, and high‐power consumption. Furthermore, the interlocked microstructure induces electric field localization during ferroelectric polarization, leading to enhanced output performance. The multimodal tactile sensor provides ultrasensitive pressure and temperature detection capability (2.2 V kPa−1, 0.27 nA °C−1) over a broad range (0.1–98 kPa, −20 °C < ΔT < 30 °C). Furthermore, multiple simultaneous stimuli can be distinguished based on different response times of triboelectric and pyroelectric effects. The remarkable performance of this sensor enables real‐time monitoring of pulse pressure, acoustic wave detection, surface texture analysis, and profiling of multiple stimuli.
Halogen‐Doped Carbon Dots on Amorphous Cobalt Phosphide as Robust Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Song Haoqiang , Yu Jingkun , Tang Zhiyong , Yang Bai , Lu Siyu
Published: January 2022

Designing a stable and efficient dual‐functional catalyst for the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER) is of great significance to the development of hydrogen production by water splitting. This work reports on novel halogen (X = F, Cl, and Br)‐doped carbon dots modifying amorphous cobalt phosphide (X‐CDs/CoP), which can be tuned by the choice of X‐CDs to have urchin, Pinus bungeana, and Albizia julibrissin type structures. The different characteristics of the various X‐CDs led to different formation mechanisms and final structures. As a bifunctional catalyst, urchin‐shaped F‐CDs/CoP crystals achieve superior electrocatalytic performance, exhibiting excellent HER/OER activity and sustained stability in an alkaline solution. For overall water splitting, they provide current density of 10 mA cm−2 and require a low cell voltage of 1.48 V in 1 M KOH. In addition, the catalytic performance shows negligible degradation after 100 h, thus demonstrating excellent long‐term cycling stability. Density functional theory calculations show that the improved electrocatalytic performance of F‐CDs/CoP catalysts is due to the coupling interface between CoP and F‐CDs, which optimizes the hydrogen/oxygen adsorption energy and accelerates the water splitting kinetics. This work provides guidance for the rational design of transition metal phosphide electrocatalysts with outstanding performance.
Going viral: A scoping review of the current state and impact of online research dissemination in emergency medicine
Authors: Gray James M. , Schnadower David , LaFollette Ryan , Shah Ashish S. , Sobolewski Brad
Published: January 2022

Background

The use of free open‐access medical education (FOAM) and other online knowledge dissemination methods has increased over the past decade. However, the role and impact of these tools in the knowledge translation continuum are poorly understood, potentially limiting the ability of knowledge generators to fully harness and exploit their potential. Here, we aim to comprehensively map and synthesize the literature describing the use of online tools for the dissemination of emergency medicine research.

Methods

Using scoping review methodology, we searched the traditional literature via PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC, SCOPUS, and the gray literature for publications exploring online methods to disseminate new research findings. We synthesized the results and constructed a conceptual model of current research dissemination methods.

Results

We included 79 out of 655 unique abstracts and articles identified in our search, 62 of which were from the traditional literature. We describe six primary domains: integration with traditional literature, measurement of dissemination, online organizations and communities of practice, professional development, quality assurance tools and techniques, and advantages and disadvantages of FOAM. For each domain we present an exemplar article and prevailing gaps in knowledge. Finally, we propose a current conceptual framework for dissemination of new research findings that describes both traditional and novel methods of dissemination.

Conclusions

This comprehensive review of the literature and current dissemination framework will empower researchers, research networks, and granting organizations to maximize their use of FOAM and other online methods to disseminate new knowledge as well as provide clinicians a better understanding of the tools and methods by which to access and implement new research findings.
All clinical stressors are not created equal: Differential task stress in a simulated clinical environment
Authors: Joseph Melissa , Ray Jessica M. , Chang Jungsoo , Cramer Laura D. , Bonz James W. , Yang Thomas J. , Wong Ambrose H. , Auerbach Marc A. , Evans Leigh V.
Published: January 2022

Background

A variety of stressors are encountered while working in the emergency department and are often recreated in simulation‐based medical education. We seek to examine the physiologic and stress state response of participants in a simulated clinical environment to commonly encountered stressors.

Methods

Emergency medicine (EM) residents participated in a randomized, controlled trial of six simulated patient encounters with one of three stressors, medical difficulty, interpersonal challenge, and technology/equipment failure, randomized into each scenario. Participants wore smart shirts to measure heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and just after the introduced stressor and completed the Short Stress State Questionnaire (SSSQ) before and after each scenario.

Results

Twenty‐seven EM residents participated in the study. Interpersonal challenge resulted in increased distress as measured by SSSQ compared to the other two stressors (one way ANOVA, F[2,144] = 9.95, p < 0.001). There was no difference in worry or task engagement across stressors. HRV decreased significantly from rest for all stressors (p = 0.0003, p = 0.0112, p = 0.0027 for medical difficulty, interpersonal challenge, and equipment failure, respectively), but there was no statistically significant difference between mean change in HRV across stressors (one way ANOVA, F[2,120] = 0.17, p = 0.8452).

Conclusions

Interpersonal challenge stressor was significantly associated with an increase in distress in EM residents during the simulated encounters as compared to the other stressors. While heart rate variability decreased from rest for each stressor as expected following stressor introduction, differing stressors did not produce a differential change.
Utility and validation of bone mineral density measurements at forearm in predicting trabecular microarchitecture and central‐site osteoporosis in aging Indian postmenopausal women—a promising surrogate?
Authors: Gautam Krishna Prabha , Cherian Kripa Elizabeth , Kapoor Nitin , Thomas Nihal , Paul Thomas Vizhalil
Published: January 2022

Objective

The objective of this paper was to present the results of our study of the utility of bone mineral density (BMD) measurements at various segments of distal forearm in predicting central‐site osteoporosis and deteriorated trabecular microarchitecture.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study and BMD at the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and distal forearm were assessed using the dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner and bone microarchitecture at lumbar spine by trabecular bone score (TBS). The utility of forearm BMD in predicting osteoporosis as well as the deteriorated TBS was assessed by a receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results

A total of 352 postmenopausal women with mean (SD) age of 60.7 (6.8) years were included. The odds of having osteoporosis at femoral neck [odds ratio (OR) = 14.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.8–25.2] and lumbar spine (OR = 7.5, 95% CI: 4.6–12.1) was highest with the mid‐distal radius. A derived T‐score cut off ≤ −1.6, −1.9, and −1.7 at any segment of the forearm was elucidated to predict osteoporosis at the central‐site, femoral neck, and lumbar spine, respectively, with sensitivity of 80%–88% and specificity of 60%–70%. The T‐scores at all three forearm segments ≤ −1.2 showed fair performance in predicting degraded trabecular microarchitecture. The T‐scores thus derived were further validated in cohort of 360 Bengali postmenopausal women.

Conclusion

BMD assessment at the forearm may be utilized in prediction of trabecular microarchitecture and central site osteoporosis at the femoral neck and lumbar spine in postmenopausal women.
Recent trends in molecular aggregates: An exploration of biomedicine
Authors: Heo Jeongyun , Murale Dhiraj P. , Yoon Hey Young , Arun V. , Choi Sangkee , Kim Eunha , Lee Jun‐Seok , Kim Sehoon
Published: January 2022

Molecular aggregates are receiving tremendous attention, demonstrating immense potential for biomedical applications in vitro and in vivo. For instance, the molecular aggregates of conventional fluorophores influence the electronic excitation states of the aggregates, causing characteristic photophysical property changes. A fundamental understanding of this classical relationship between molecular aggregate structures and photophysics has allowed for innovative biological applications. The chemical characteristics of drug molecules generally trigger the formation of colloidal aggregates, and this is considered detrimental to the drug discovery process. Furthermore, nano‐sized supramolecular aggregates have been used in biomedical imaging and therapy owing to their optimal properties for in vivo utility, including enhanced cell permeability, passive tumor targeting, and convenient surface engineering. Herein, we provide an overview of the recent trends in molecular aggregates for biomedical applications. The changes in photophysical properties of conventional fluorophores and their biological applications are discussed, followed by the effects of conventional drug molecule‐aggregates on drug discovery and therapeutics development. Recent trends in the investigation of biologically important analytes with aggregation‐induced emission are discussed for conventional and unconventional fluorophores. Lastly, we discuss nano‐sized supramolecular aggregates used in imaging and therapeutic purposes, with a focus on in vivo utilization.
The liquid–liquid flow dynamics and droplet formation in a modified step T‐junction microchannel
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Ling Si Da , Chen An , Chen Zhuo , Ma Wenjun , Xu Jianhong
Published: January 2022

The droplet generation mechanism in the asymmetrically enhanced step T‐junction remains unknown, especially for the transition stage from dripping to jetting regimes. In this work, the droplet generation mechanism was systematically investigated in a modified step T‐junction by modulating a large flowrate range and altering different interfacial tensions. We found that under different fluid regimes, both the capillary number and flow rate ratio of continuous and dispersed phase showcase completely different impacts over droplet generation. In dripping regime, the interfacial tension, which was controlled by changing the surfactant concentration, dominated the formation mechanism when the surfactant concentration was found below micelle concentration. In jetting regime, our experimental results showed that the influence of the surfactant concentration on the size of generated droplets was rather negligible while the flow rate ratio of continuous and dispersed phase indeed determined such a parameter. In the dripping‐jetting transition stage, an increase of droplet size was observed despite the increase of continuous phase flow. After reaching a peak, the droplet dimension started to decrease with the increase of continuous phase flow as expected. To the best for our knowledge, it is the first study to report generation mechanism in modified step T‐junction from dripping to jetting regimes.
Apomictic fern fathers: an experimental approach to the reproductive characteristics of sexual, apomict, and hybrid fern gametophytes
Authors: Hornych Ondřej , Férová Alžběta , Hori Kiyotaka , Košnar Jiří , Ekrt Libor
Published: January 2022

Premise

Apomixis and hybridization are two essential and complementary factors in the evolution of plants, including ferns. Hybridization combines characteristics from different species, while apomixis conserves features within a lineage. When combined, these two processes result in apo‐sex hybrids. The conditions leading to the formation of these hybrids are poorly understood in ferns.

Methods

We cultivated spores from 66 fern samples (43 apomicts, 7 apo‐sex hybrids, and 16 sexuals), and measured their development in vitro over 16 weeks. We evaluated germination, lateral meristem formation rates, sexual expression, and production of sporophytes and then compared ontogenetic patterns among the three groups.

Results

The three examined groups formed antheridia (male gametangia) but differed in overall gametophyte development. Sexual species created archegonia (female, 86% of viable samples), but no sporophytes. Apomicts rarely created nonfunctional archegonia (8%) but usually produced apogamous sporophytes (75%). Surprisingly, apomictic and sexual species showed similar development speed. The sexually reproducing parents of viable studied hybrids formed about twice as many meristic gametophytes as the apomictic parents (39% vs. 20%, respectively).

Conclusions

We present the most thorough comparison of gametangial development of sexual and apomictic ferns, to date. Despite expectations, apomictic reproduction might not lead to earlier sporophyte formation. Apomicts produce functional sperm and thus can contribute this type of gamete to their hybrids. The development patterns found in the parents of hybrids indicate a possible increase of hybridization rates by antheridiogens. The apo‐sex hybrids always inherit the apomictic reproductive strategy and are thus capable of self‐perpetuation.
Sepsis‐associated hypoglycemia on admission is associated with increased mortality in intensive care unit patients
Authors: Mitsuyama Yumi , Shimizu Kentaro , Komukai Sho , Hirayama Atsushi , Takegawa Ryosuke , Ebihara Takeshi , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Ogura Hiroshi , Shimazu Takeshi
Published: January 2022

Aim

Hyperglycemia is a common response to acute illness, but it is not often seen in critical conditions. The frequency and cause of hypoglycemia in septic patients have not been well elucidated. In this study, we focused on sepsis‐associated hypoglycemia in the early phase and evaluated the impact of hypoglycemia on mortality.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of 265 patients with sepsis admitted to a tertiary medical center. Blood glucose levels on admission were evaluated and analyzed by a Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

We categorized patients with sepsis into five groups according to blood glucose levels. Seven patients (2.6%) were admitted with severe hypoglycemia (≤40 mg/dL), 19 (7.2%) with mild hypoglycemia (41–70 mg/dL), 103 (38.9%) with euglycemia (71–140 mg/dL), 58 (21.9%) with mild hyperglycemia (141–180 mg/dL), and 78 (29.4%) with hyperglycemia (>180 mg/dL). There was a significant difference in 28‐day mortality between those with severe hypoglycemia and euglycemia (71.4% versus 8.7%; P < 0.05). We analyzed the hazard ratios for the groups (relative to the reference of euglycemia) adjusted for sex, age, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores on admission. The hazard ratios for 28‐day mortality in patients with severe hypoglycemia and mild hypoglycemia compared with that in patients with euglycemia were 8.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.39–27.96; P = 0.001) and 7.56 (95% CI, 2.96–19.35; P < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusion

Septic patients with severe hypoglycemia had significantly higher mortality compared with patients with euglycemia.
Biosynthetic Structural Proteins with Super Plasticity, Extraordinary Mechanical Performance, Biodegradability, Biocompatibility and Information Storage Ability
Authors: Su Juanjuan , Zhao Kelu , Ren Yubin , Zhao Lai , Wei Bo , Liu Bin , Zhang Yi , Wang Fan , Li Jingjing , Liu Yawei , Liu Kai , Zhang Hongjie
Published: January 2022

Degradable bioplastics have attracted growing interest worldwide. However, it is challenging to develop bioplastics with a simple processing procedure, strong mechanical performance, good biocompatibility, and adjustable physicochemical properties. Herein, we introduced structural proteins as building blocks and developed a simple environmentally friendly approach to fabricate diverse protein‐based plastics. A cost‐effective and high‐level production approach was developed through batch fermentation of Escherichia coli to produce the biomaterials. These bioplastics possess super plasticity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and high resistance to organic solvents. Their structural and mechanical properties can be precisely controlled. Besides, high density information storage and hemostatic applications were realized in the bioplastic system. The customizable bioplastics have great potential for applications in numerous fields and are capable to scale up to the industrial level.
Gating Effects for Ion Transport in Three‐Dimensional Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Yu Xiuqin , Li Cuiyan , Chang Jianhong , Wang Yujie , Xia Weifeng , Suo Jinquan , Guan Xinyu , Valtchev Valentin , Yan Yushan , Qiu Shilun , Fang Qianrong
Published: January 2022

The development of bioinspired nano/subnano‐sized (<2 nm) ion channels is still considered a great challenge due to the difficulty in precisely controlling pore's internal structure and chemistry. Herein, for the first time, we report that three‐dimensional functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can act as an effective nanofluidic platform for intelligent modulation of the ion transport. By strategic attachment of 12‐crown‐4 groups to the monomers as ion‐driver door locks, we demonstrate that gating effects of functionalized COFs can be activated by lithium ions. The obtained materials exhibit an outstanding selective ion transmission performance with a high gating ratio (up to 23.6 for JUC‐590), which is among the highest values in metal ion‐activated solid‐state nanochannels reported so far. Furthermore, JUC‐590 offers high tunability, selectivity, and recyclability of ion transport proved by the experimental and simulated studies.
Solvent‐Influenced Fragmentations in Free‐Standing Three‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Hydrophobicity Switching
Authors: Mohammed Abdul Khayum , Al Khoori Ayesha A. , Addicoat Matthew A. , Varghese Sabu , Othman Israa , Jaoude Maguy Abi , Polychronopoulou Kyriaki , Baias Maria , Haija Mohammad Abu , Shetty Dinesh
Published: January 2022

The ordered open organic frameworks membranes are attractive candidates for flow‐assisted molecular separations. The physicochemical properties of such membranes mostly depend on their selectively chosen functional building blocks. In this work, we have introduced a novel concept of functional switchability of three‐dimensional covalent organic framework (3D‐COF) membranes through a simple solvent‐influenced fragmentation method. This room‐temperature interfacial synthesis provides free‐standing 3D‐COF membranes with distinct physicochemical properties from the same building monomers. Notably, the change of solvent from chloroform to ethyl acetate switches the membrane property from hydrophilic (water contact angle 60°) to hydrophobic (water contact angle 142°) nature. The hydrophobic 3D‐COF membrane selectively passes oil molecules from an oil–water emulsion with a gravitational flux of 1536 L m−2 h−1.
Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of (R)‐Tamsulosin Utilizing Sequential Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Saito Yuki , Nishizawa Ken , Laroche Benjamin , Ishitani Haruro , Kobayashi Shū
Published: January 2022

We describe the continuous‐flow synthesis of (R)‐tamsulosin, a blockbuster therapeutic drug employed for dysuria associated with urinary stones and benign prostatic hyperplasia, by utilizing sequential heterogeneous catalysis. Two heterogeneous catalysts have been developed for the synthesis, and the key step involves reductive amination of nitriles using dimethylpolysilane‐modified Pd on activated carbon/calcium phosphate. Overall, (R)‐tamsulosin was obtained in 60 % yield and 64 % ee (99 % ee after recrystallization) in a flow stream through four catalytic transformations without the need for the isolation or purification of any intermediates or byproduct.
Identification of histological threshold concepts in health sciences curricula: Students' perception
Authors: Martin‐Piedra Miguel A. , Saavedra‐Casado Salvador , Santisteban‐Espejo Antonio , Campos Fernando , Chato‐Astrain Jesus , Garcia‐Garcia Oscar Dario , Sanchez‐Porras David , Luna del Castillo Juan de Dios , Rodriguez Ismael Angel , Campos Antonio
Published: January 2022

Students' metacognitive skills and perceptions are considered important variables for high‐quality learning. In this study, students' perceptions were used to identify histological threshold concepts (integrative, irreversible, transformative, and troublesome) in three health sciences curricula. A specific questionnaire was developed and validated to characterize students' perceptions of histological threshold concepts. A sample of 410 undergraduate students enrolled in the dentistry, medicine, and pharmacy degree programs participated in the study. Concepts assessed in the study were clustered to ten categories (factors) by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Concepts linked to tissue organization and tissue functional states received the highest scores from students in all degree programs, suggesting that the process of learning histology requires the integration of both static concepts related to the constituent elements of tissues and dynamic concepts such as stem cells as a tissue renewal substrate, or the euplasic, proplasic and retroplasic states of tissues. The complexity of integrating static and dynamic concepts may pose a challenging barrier to the comprehension of histology. In addition, several differences were detected among the students in different degree programs. Dentistry students more often perceived morphostructural concepts as threshold concepts, whereas medical students highlighted concepts related to two‐dimensional microscopic identification. Lastly, pharmacy students identified concepts related to tissue general activity as critical for the comprehension and learning of histology. The identification of threshold concepts through students' perceptions is potentially useful to improve the teaching and learning process in health sciences curricula.
Expanding the upper‐temperature boundary for the microalga Picochlorum sp. (BPE23) by adaptive laboratory evolution
Authors: Barten Robin , Peeters Teun , Navalho Sofia , Fontowicz Louis , Wijffels Rene H. , Barbosa Maria
Published: January 2022

Closed photobioreactors reach temperatures that reduce microalgal production or even cause culture collapses. Cooling can maintain the temperature within tolerable boundaries, but cooling is energy‐intensive and expensive. Thermotolerant microalgal strains can reduce dependence on such cooling. In this study, adaptive laboratory evolution was performed for 390 days to further increase the maximal tolerable temperature for the already thermotolerant microalgae Picochlorum sp. (BPE23). The parental wild‐type strain of Picochlorum sp. (BPE23) exhibited a maximum mid‐day growth temperature of 47.5°C, whereas the isolated clones grew up to 49°C. At a lower temperature of 40°C, the growth rate and absorption cross‐sectional area were similar for the wild‐type strain and the evolved clones. Interestingly, the clones showed a 46% increase in cell volume compared to the wild‐type strain. The evolved clones with an expanded upper‐temperature boundary can be applied for broader temperature control of 1.5°C, without trade‐off effects at lower temperatures.
Binding stability of peptides to Co–Cr–Mo alloy affects proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast
Authors: Migita Satoshi , Wakabayashi Keita , Yamazaki Tomohiko
Published: January 2022

Cobalt–chromium–molybdenum (CCM) alloys possess high corrosion‐resistant properties as well as good mechanical properties. Hence, the alloys are employed in medical implants such as artificial knee and hip joints, coronary stents, and removable partial dentures. To improve the biocompatibility of CCM alloys, we reported that CCM‐binding peptide (CBP) linked to cell‐adhesive motif Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD) improved the attachment of endothelial cells on CCM alloys. However, the stability of CBP adsorption on the alloy and its effect on osteoblast compatibility are still unclear. In this study, we evaluated the stabilization of the adsorption layer of CBP–RGD on CCM alloy surface and investigated the effect of CBP–RGD peptide on the proliferation and differentiation of the osteoblasts. CBP–RGD layer exhibited higher stabilization than the RGD adsorption layer for 7 days. In addition, the proliferation of osteoblast on CBP–RGD adsorbed alloy higher than that on RGD adsorbed alloy. Moreover, the calcification of cells cultured on the CBP–RGD adsorbed alloy was significantly higher than that of the cells on RGD adsorbed alloy. These findings indicate that the CBP binding was stable during the culture of osteoblasts on the CCM alloy.
The bright side of online consumer behavior: Continuance intention for mobile payments
Authors: Purohit Sonal , Arora Rakhi , Paul Justin
Published: January 2022

Researchers on online consumer behavior have rarely discussed the subjective well‐being aspect or improving the life quality of the next billion as the bright side. Emerging technologies such as mobile payments have added to the life quality of people by enabling fast and convenient transactions online that can be performed anywhere and anytime. The studies on mobile payments adoption or continued use are majorly focused on the utilitarian aspects. While the firms face stiff competition and struggle to retain customers it is imperative to discuss both the psychological and behavioral aspects of technology use. The proposed theoretical framework integrates the expectation confirmation model, unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model, and the subjective well‐being aspect to explain the factors that affect the mobile payments continuance intention. This multidisciplinary study makes a novel contribution to the extant literature on online consumer behavior. Data were obtained by surveying 351 users of mobile payments. The structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that continuance intention is influenced by subjective well‐being, facilitating conditions, effort expectancy, and satisfaction. Performance expectancy and effort expectancy influence satisfaction that further influences continuance intention. The study deliberates several inferences for service providers for effective strategic advancement. Findings can be used for developing innovative solutions for improved online customer experience and retention. The positioning strategy must convey the life quality improvement as a bright side of technology for better chances of success.
Therapeutic potential of silymarin as a natural iron‐chelating agent in β‐thalassemia intermedia
Authors: Reisi Nahid , Esmaeil Nafiseh , Gharagozloo Marjan , Moayedi Behjat
Published: January 2022

Abnormal iron accumulation in vital organs is one of the major complications of β‐thalassemia intermedia (β‐TI). Silymarin, a flavonolignan isolated from Silybum marianum, significantly decreases the serum ferritin levels of β‐TI patients. This finding suggests silymarin as a safe and effective natural iron‐chelating agent for the treatment of iron‐overloaded conditions.
Method to Determine the Bifunctional Index for the Oxygen Electrocatalysis from Theory
Authors: Razzaq Samad , Exner Kai S.
Published: January 2022

Metal‐air batteries are encountered as a promising solution for energy storage due to their high energy density, cost effectiveness, and environmental benefits. Yet, the application of metal‐air batteries in practice is still not mature, which is also related to the bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis at the cathode, comprising the oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution (OER) reactions during discharge and charge of the battery, respectively. Experimentally, the performance of electrocatalysts in the OER and ORR is described by bifunctional index (BI), but, so far, there is no direct approach to capture the BI on the atomic scale. Herein, we present a method to ascertain the BI from ab initio theory, thereby combining a data‐driven methodology with thermodynamic considerations and microkinetic modeling as a function of the applied overpotential. Our approach allows deriving the BI from simple adsorption free energies, which are easily accessible to electronic structure theory in the density functional theory (DFT) approximation. We outline how our methodology may steer the design of efficient bifunctional catalysts on the atomic scale.
Incommensurate Phase in Λ‐cobalt (III) Sepulchrate Trinitrate Governed by Highly Competitive N−H⋅⋅⋅O and C−H⋅⋅⋅O Hydrogen Bond Networks**
Authors: Dey Somnath , Schönleber Andreas , van Smaalen Sander , Morgenroth Wolfgang , Krebs Larsen Finn
Published: January 2022

Phase transitions in molecular crystals are often determined by intermolecular interactions. The cage complex of [Co(C12H30N8)]3+ ⋅ 3 NO3− is reported to undergo a disorder‐order phase transition at Tc1 ≈133 K upon cooling. Temperature‐dependent neutron and synchrotron diffraction experiments revealed satellite reflections in addition to main reflections in the diffraction patterns below Tc1. The modulation wave vector varies as function of temperature and locks in at Tc3≈98 K. Here, we demonstrate that the crystal symmetry lowers from hexagonal to monoclinic in the incommensurately modulated phases in Tc1<T<Tc3. Distinctive levels of competitions: trade‐off between longer N−H⋅⋅⋅O and shorter C−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds; steric constraints to dense C−H⋅⋅⋅O bonds give rise to pronounced modulation of the basic structure. Severely frustrated crystal packing in the incommensurate phase is precursor to optimal balance of intermolecular interactions in the lock‐in phase.