bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Diffusion Effect Analysis of Micropolar Nanofluid Flowing on Inclined Surface: A Chemical Engineering Case Study
Authors: Shankar Goud B. , Jamshed Wasim , Ahmad Hijaz , Safdar Rabia , Isa Siti Suzilliana Putri Mohamed , Hussain Syed M. , Bayram Mustafa , Dharmaiah G.
Published: January 2025

This investigation was carried out to study the microrotational flow of nanoliquids across an extensible surface. The dispersion of nanomaterials in everyday liquids is becoming a major focus of nanotechnology. Dispersing nanoparticles in a conventional liquid increases its thermal conductivity, which is useful for both generating and transferring energy. The primary focus of this study has been on energy transportation. Thermal radiations and Soret implications were used in this investigation. The Soret impacts are also taken into account. Here, the numerical research is based on the Buongiorno model. Using suitable similarity conversions, the flow mathematical equations are converted into the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. This study makes use of the popular numerical bvp4c method. Graphs and tables are used to illustrate the physical quantities, which include a number of impacts that are caused by the constraints of the component. The key findings are that high magnetic field factor, thermophoresis factor, Brownian motion factor, and radiation factor cause high‐temperature distribution. Moreover, thermophoresis and Brownian motion factors are responsible for enhancing the variation of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. The growth in Nusselt number is controlled by the material factor, Lewis number, radiation factor, Soret number, and inclination angle. The presence of thermophoresis parameter, radiation factor, and inclination angle generate growth in Sherwood number.
Genetic Variants of the IL‐23/IL‐17 Axis and Its Association With Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rodríguez‐Montaño Ruth , Alarcón‐Sánchez Mario Alberto , Lomelí‐Martínez Sarah Monserrat , Martínez‐Bugarin Cristina Hermila , Heboyan Artak
Published: January 2025

Background

The objective of this systematic review was to identify genetic variants of the IL‐23, IL‐17, IL‐23R and IL‐17R genes and isoforms and its possible association with increased development of periodontitis and peri‐implantitis.

Methods

A systematic review was prepared according to the guidelines, registered in the OSF database with the registration number: 10.17605/OSF. IO/X95ZC. The electronic search was performed in four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 1984 until March 15th, 2024. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case‐Control Studies was used to assess the quality of included studies.

Results

Eighteen papers with a case‐control design were those that ultimately met the eligibility criteria. A total of 3904 individuals (2315 with periodontitis and 90 with peri‐implantitis), and 1589 healthy subjects) were studied. The age range of the study population was 14–70 years, with a mean age ± (SD) of 40.43 ± 6.33 years. A total of 28 genetic variants corresponding to the IL‐17A (rs 2275913, rs 3819024, rs 10484879) IL‐17F (rs 763780), IL‐17R (rs 879576) and IL‐23R (rs 11209026) genes were analyzed in this study. Six (33.3%) studies found an association between the IL‐17A 197 G/A (rs 2275913) genetic variant and peri‐implantitis and periodontitis. One study (5.5%) found an association between the IL‐17A rs10484879 variant and peri‐implantitis and periodontitis.

Conclusion

Six polymorphisms were evaluated, highlighting rs 2275913 of the cytokine IL‐17A in patients with periodontitis or peri‐implantitis. Only 50% of studies found an association despite having a small sample. This suggests that other factors such as the degree of disease, systemic diseases and ethnic groups studied may play a role.
Binder‐Free Highly Porous Bi2Se3‐MXene‐P Film Electrode Toward High‐Performance Asymmetric Capacitor
Authors: Wang Jiangang , Huang Lingyan , Chen Gongyu , Tang Jijun , Li Shiyun , Liu Lina , Ye Yonglin , Chen Xuecheng
Published: January 2025

The restacking of single‐layer MXene has seriously hampered its wide applications. To address this issue, Bi2Se3‐modified porous MXene (Bi2Se3‐MXene‐P) films with highly porous structure were selectively prepared using a template method, the prepared films exhibit large specific surface area, good conductivity, high volumetric capacity, and excellent flexibility. The introduction of Bi2Se3 acts as the spacers can not only effectively prevent the restacking of single‐layer MXene but also enlarge the interlayer distance of MXene, leading to increased surface area and improved electrolyte electron transportation. More importantly, Bi2Se3 can provide more active sites to further improve the electrochemical performance in capacitor application. Benefiting from these properties, the Bi2Se3‐MXene‐P film electrode shows outstanding volumetric capacities of 1407.6 F cm−3 at 0.5 A g−1 in 1M AlCl3 electrolyte. To assess the electrochemical behavior for practical applications, the Bi2Se3‐MXene‐P//Al soft‐pack devices were assembled. Volumetric capacities of the Bi2Se3‐MXene‐P//Al soft‐pack devices decreased from 214.1 F cm−3 at 0.5 A g−1 to 115.7 F cm−3 at 5 A g−1. Additionally, when it switched back to 0.5 A g−1, the volumetric capacity could recover to 210.1 F cm−3 demonstrating its excellent rate capability. Moreover, the Bi2Se3‐MXene‐P//Al soft‐pack Al‐ion device exhibits the capacitance retention of 77.4% after 5000 charge–discharge cycles. The device also displays a high energy density of 14.8 Wh kg−1 at 130.7 W kg−1 power density. The present work demonstrates the potential application of the Bi2Se3‐MXene‐P film electrode in flexible energy storage devices.
Sarcolemmal Excitability Properties of the Trapezius
Authors: Lycett Mitchell J. , Lee James , Boland‐Freitas Robert , Ng Karl
Published: January 2025

Introduction/Aims

The sarcolemma can be probed in vivo using muscle excitability recordings. These techniques have been applied to the tibialis anterior and brachioradialis muscles in healthy and diseased states. We aimed to study and validate the trapezius as a more proximal muscle to be used for myopathic conditions.

Methods

Muscle velocity recovery cycles (MVRCs) and frequency ramp recordings were performed on the trapezius of 29 healthy controls. These recordings were compared to tibialis anterior recordings from 74 healthy controls.

Results

Overall, the recorded MVRC and frequency ramp recordings were similar between the trapezius and tibialis anterior. The mean relative refractory period (MRRP) was shorter in the trapezius (3.29 vs. 3.71 ms), but this is explained by differences in muscle temperature.

Discussion

The trapezius demonstrates similar MVRC and frequency ramp parameters to the more commonly studied tibialis anterior. The trapezius is technically easy to study using muscle excitability techniques and therefore presents itself as a promising muscle to study sarcolemmal properties in conditions that preferentially affect the proximal musculature.
Platelet‐Rich Plasma for Treating COVID‐19‐Related Anosmia, Hyposmia, and Parosmia: A Controlled Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Saussez Sven
Published: January 2025

Objective

To investigate the effectiveness of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injection into the olfactory clefts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients with persistent anosmia, hyposmia, and parosmia.

Study Design

Controlled study.

Setting

Multicenter study.

Methods

From March 2022 to July 2024, 514 COVID‐19 patients undergoing PRP injection and olfactory training versus olfactory training (controls) for a persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD) were consecutively recruited from two medical centers. Subjects were evaluated from pre‐ to 3 months post‐injection with the olfactory disorder questionnaire (ODQ) and the threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) test. Olfactory outcomes were compared between controls and patients considering the type of OD (anosmia, hyposmia, and parosmia).

Results

The PRP group was composed of 416 patients with anosmia (N = 111; 26.7%), hyposmia (N = 160; 38.5%), and parosmia (N = 145; 34.9%). The baseline ODQ of patients with parosmia was significantly higher than those of the other groups (P = .001). The increase in TDI subscores and total score was significantly higher in all PRP subgroups compared to controls (P = 0.001). The ODQ significantly reduced from pre‐ to post‐PRP injection in hyposmia and parosmia groups (P = 0.001). Patients with parosmia showed a significantly greater reduction in ODQ scores compared to the control group. The 3‐month TDI score was negatively influenced by the age of patients (rs = −0.263; P = 0.001) and the duration of OD (rs = −0.213; P = .001).

Conclusion

Patients with parosmia experienced a stronger impact of OD on quality of life (QoL), and showed greater QoL improvement following PRP injections compared to other groups.
COVID Effects on Adherence to Joint Committee on Infant Hearing Newborn Screening Recommendations
Authors: Behzadpour Hengameh K. , Chappetto Jennifer , Ambrose Tracey , Sideris Irene , Buxton Claire , Reilly Brian K. , Robinson Tommie L. , Mahshie James , Preciado Diego A.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Despite significant improvements in universal newborn hearing screenings (NBHS), infants are still lost to follow‐up (LTF) after failed screening, delaying timely diagnosis and intervention. The challenges during the COVID‐19 pandemic and its response likely exacerbated timely adherence to early diagnosis and intervention. This study aimed to assess the LTF rate for infants who did not pass their NBHS within Washington, DC and compare the LFT before and during the pandemic.

Study Design

Cohort study analyzing variables potentially impacting LTF.

Setting

Web‐based analysis of DC Oz e‐Screener Plus for NBHS reports.

Methods

Multivariate and univariate regression analyses were used to identify significant demographic and clinical factors from March 2019 to March 2021.

Results

Of the 15,661 born during the period analyzed, 830 (5.3%) infants did not pass their initial hearing screening: 406 (48.9%) infants in the pre‐COVID group and 424 (51.1%) infants in the COVID group. Of those infants failing their initial screening, 388 (46.7%) did not pass a follow‐up outpatient screening. Of these, 342 (88.1%) had no record of receiving a Diagnostic Auditory Brainstem Response assessment. The overall LTF rate in the pre‐COVID group was 90.7% compared to 83% in the COVID group. Multivariate analyses showed that male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.3), income <100 K (OR = 1.9), wards 7 and 8 (OR = 1.9), and pre‐COVID group (OR = 0.7) were statistically associated with LTF.

Conclusion

There are many factors impacting LTF rates and future follow‐up when using the protocols recommended by the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. This study will be the basis for implementing planned improvement strategies for reducing LTF rates.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Surgery Practice Patterns in the United States: 2019
Authors: Cho Jae Hoon , Liu Christine , Badash Ido , Kezirian Eric J.
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to determine the volumes and facility costs/charges for procedures used to treat the pharyngeal airway in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the United States in 2019, and to explore whether specific patient and facility characteristics are associated with procedure type and costs/charges.

Study Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Nationwide databases (National Inpatient Sample and the Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample).

Methods

OSA procedures were identified in both inpatient and outpatient settings using both databases. Chi‐squared tests and regression analyses examined procedure volume, type, and facility costs/charges, with adjustments made for specific patient and facility characteristics.

Results

In 2019, an estimated 18,526 discharges/encounters involving OSA surgery were performed in inpatient and outpatient settings. These included 12,938 palate surgeries, 1350 hypopharyngeal surgeries, 3054 unilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) system implantations, and 1840 maxillomandibular advancement procedures. The odds of undergoing HNS, as compared to almost all other categories of procedures, were generally greater for those aged 40 years or older (compared to younger patients) but generally lower for almost all non‐white groups compared to white patients. Younger patients were more likely to undergo isolated palate surgery, compared to other surgical procedure types. Facility costs (inpatient) and charges (outpatient) were greater for HNS than other procedure types, and there were differences variably associated with patient and facility characteristics.

Conclusion

Surgical treatment is performed in approximately 0.03% to 0.77% of all adults in the United States with OSA annually. Specific factors are associated with procedure type and facility costs/charges.
Differences in Negotiated Facility Fees for Otolaryngology Procedures at Ambulatory Surgery Centers and Hospitals
Authors: Walia Anika S. , Xiao Roy , Hao Daphne T. , Rathi Vinay K. , Sethi Rosh K. V. , Gray Stacey T.
Published: January 2025

While outpatient otolaryngology procedures have been increasingly performed at ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs), the cost differences compared to hospital outpatient departments (HOPDs) remain unclear. Utilizing newly available data collected from Turquoise Health's Rate Sense as required under the Transparency in Coverage rule, we assess, in this cross‐sectional analysis, the differences in negotiated facility fees between ASCs and HOPDs for 20 common otolaryngologic procedures. Analyzing data from 4613 ASCs and 2382 hospitals, we found significantly higher facility fees at HOPDs, with a median relative price difference of +146% (P < .0001). This may be explained by greater infrastructure costs and market power differences between facilities. Our findings suggest that further shifting outpatient otolaryngology procedures toward ASCs could yield substantial cost reductions across health care systems. Additional research is needed to ensure safe and cost‐effective patient selection for ASCs.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Androgen Receptor Expression Predicts the Prognosis of Metastatic Castration‐Sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Abiraterone Acetate
Authors: Nishimoto Mitsuhisa , De Velasco Marco A. , Yamamoto Yutaka , Fujimoto Saizo , Akashi Yasunori , Toyoda Shingo , Hashimoto Mamoru , Adomi Shogo , Banno Eri , Saito Yoshitaka , Minami Takafumi , Hirayama Akihide , Yoshimura Kazuhiro , Uemura Hirotsugu , Fujita Kazutoshi
Published: January 2025

Background

The efficacy of abiraterone acetate varies among patients with high‐risk metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). Both androgen receptor (AR) and cytokeratin 18 (CK18) are markers of the luminal lineage of prostate cancer, and their expression levels have been suggested to affect the response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). This study aimed to predict the efficacy of abiraterone acetate in high‐risk mCSPC via immunohistochemical staining of biopsy specimens obtained at the time of prostate cancer diagnosis.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 44 patients treated with abiraterone acetate in combination with ADT. AR and CK18 expression in prostate biopsy specimens were assessed using immunohistochemical staining.

Results

AR and CK18 staining was not significantly associated with overall survival (OS). However, low AR staining was significantly associated with a shorter time to castration‐resistant prostate cancer (TTCRPC) compared with high AR staining (log‐rank test, p = 0.018). Similarly, low CK18 staining was significantly associated with a shorter TTCRPC compared with high CK18 staining (log‐rank test, p = 0.037).

Conclusions

Immunohistochemical analysis of AR or CK18 expression in biopsy specimens may serve as a predictive biomarker of high‐risk mCSPC treated with abiraterone acetate.

Trial Registration: None
How Accurate Are Students in Self‐Assessing Their Conceptions of Evolution?
Authors: Hartelt Tim , Martens Helge
Published: January 2025

Evolution is challenging to understand for students. Frequently, students hold coexisting intuitive conceptions based on cognitive biases and scientific conceptions of evolution. For the self‐regulation of intuitive and scientific conceptions, metacognitive awareness is fundamental. However, students are mostly unaware of their conceptions. A criteria‐referenced self‐assessment of one's intuitive and scientific conceptions is one way to develop this metacognitive awareness and enhance conceptual knowledge. We investigated in a study with N = 432 upper secondary students how accurate students are in self‐assessing intuitive and scientific conceptions of evolution, which possible explanations for inaccurate self‐assessments exist, and which variables are related to self‐assessment accuracy (e.g., prior conceptual knowledge, metaconceptual awareness and regulation, and self‐efficacy). We found that self‐assessment accuracy was moderate, with students self‐assessing more intuitive and scientific conceptions than present. Possible explanations for inaccurate self‐assessments were incorrect understandings of concepts, excessive self‐assessments (of an intuitive concept in a context where it is appropriate; of a scientific concept despite incompleteness), and mix‐ups of concepts. Self‐assessment accuracy was predicted mainly by prior conceptual knowledge in terms of scientific conceptions and, in some analyses, by prior conceptual knowledge in terms of intuitive conceptions and self‐efficacy. The findings have important implications for using self‐assessment to develop metaconceptual awareness, for adjusting self‐assessments to students' preconditions (e.g., prior knowledge), and for designing teaching approaches in evolution and science education.
Reasons to Worry About Employment During COVID‐19 Among Veterans With Disabilities
Authors: Umucu Emre , Granger Teresa , Degeneffe Charles Edmund , Lee Beatrice
Published: January 2025

COVID‐19 has resulted in enormous labour consequences for persons with disabilities, resulting in worries about their economic futures. While limited research assesses these worries in the general population, research to date has not examined employment‐related worries for veterans with disabilities. The purpose of this study was to assess if veteran status results in elevated employment‐related worries among persons with disabilities. Data from 219 employed persons with disabilities was extracted from a larger dataset of 269 persons with disabilities and chronic conditions. Respondents were asked to provide information on their demographic background (including veteran status) and respond to questions about their worries about job loss, COVID‐19‐related concerns, perceived COVID‐19 stress, and functional limitations. After controlling for the explained variance presented by demographic variables, perceived COVID–19 stress, and functional limitations, hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed veteran status was significantly and positively related to worry about job loss. In the context of COVID‐19, veterans with disabilities face elevated worries about job loss compared to the general population of disabled persons. Future research needs to examine the reasons for this high level of worry to create veteran‐informed interventions.
Oral bioaccessibility trends for As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb in vegetables grown in contaminated soils: A systematic review
Authors: Newell Jennifer , Cox Siobhan F. , Doherty Rory
Published: January 2025

Urban and peri‐urban agriculture has the potential to address social, economic, and environmental issues by bringing communities together, producing low‐cost food, and greening derelict locations. However, many urban and peri‐urban brownfield sites have a legacy of soil metal and metalloid contamination, and so crops grown on these sites may pose risks to human health. This review uses orally bioaccessible fractions (BAFs) of common urban and peri‐urban soil contaminants observed in vegetables across literature to produce hierarchies of relative ingestion risks according to potentially toxic element (PTE), in vitro test, and vegetable type. This will inform human health risk assessment linked to consuming vegetable crops grown on PTE‐contaminated land and identify areas where further research is required. BAF values were obtained from relevant literature collected from multiple online databases, for a range of PTEs, in vitro test methods, and vegetable types. Overall, median PTE BAFs were ranked as: Cd > Ni > Cr > As > Pb. Across in vitro tests, the unified BARGE method (UBM) reported the highest median vegetable BAFs when assessing all PTEs and vegetables (median 63.0% G and 59.6% GI). Median crop BAFs were ranked as follows: non‐vegetables, for example, rice/fungi > legumes > root > bulb > leaf. These results will inform the site design of urban and peri‐urban agroecosystems to mitigate PTE ingestion risks.
Integrated Assessment Models
Authors: Hollnaicher Simon
Published: January 2025

This chapter introduces Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) and explains how the models increasingly engage with feasibility. Beginning with a brief history of IAMs, the chapter distinguishes between two primary classes of IAMs: Cost-Benefit IAMs (CB-IAMs) and Process-Based IAMs (PB-IAMs). While CB-IAMs focus on optimizing the balance between mitigation costs and climate impacts and have been extensively debated in philosophical circles, PB-IAMs remain relatively underexplored in climate philosophy and ethics despite their centrality to the science-policy interface. PB-IAMs differ from CB-IAMs by taking predefined climate goals – such as temperature targets – as fixed inputs and modeling the “mitigation pathways” required to achieve them. The chapter outlines the value PB-IAMs provide in understanding the complex interactions and dynamics at the heart of climate change mitigation. The chapter goes on to explain how IAMs use scenarios to explore possible futures and traces the recent evolution of PB-IAMs, particularly their increasing application in assessing the feasibility of climate goals and pathways. It is this recent history of assessing feasibility that should be of particular interest to climate philosophy.
Objective Assessments with Value-laden Models
Authors: Hollnaicher Simon
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines how the goal of objectivity in scientific policy assessments can be achieved despite the value-laden nature of Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs). It begins by outlining the legitimacy challenge faced by scientific assessments: if IAMs embed specific value judgments, they risk unduly influencing policy decisions and undermining their perceived neutrality. To address this, the chapter proposes three principles for ensuring legitimate and objective scientific assessments with IAMs. Value Transparency: Value judgments in IAMs must be made explicit and presented as separate premises of the results. Value Plurality: IAM scenarios should represent a diverse range of viable value outlooks, ensuring that different kinds of mitigation strategies are supported by scientific evidence. Democratic Endorsement: Deliberative venues should be established to involve the public in legitimizing the value judgments embedded in models and scenarios, fostering democratic endorsement. These principles offer a provisional solution to the problem of legitimacy, demonstrating how scientific assessments can remain credible and authoritative while acknowledging the normative dimensions of IAMs.
Applying the Principles: Biases and Ethically-explicit Scenarios
Authors: Hollnaicher Simon
Published: January 2025

The concluding chapter of the book critiques the current state of evidence produced by Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), highlighting how biases in these models risk perpetuating existing injustices under the guise of seemingly neutral feasibility assessments. Three key biases are identified: a tendency to shift burdens to future generations, a deflection of responsibility from current major emitters, and a favoritism toward entrenched interests. These biases undermine the legitimacy of IAMs, as their pathways wield significant influence in shaping visions of the future. The chapter argues that IAMs obscure their normative dimension in two ways. First, value-laden assumptions made to render pathways “more realistic” often masquerade as neutral feasibility judgments. Second, presenting IAM outputs as feasibility assessments falsely conveys an image of objectivity, masking the models' normative dimensions. In response, the chapter emphasizes the need for ethically explicit scenarios incorporating justice considerations into scenario design. Ethicists must actively engage with IAMs to address these biases. Finally, revisiting the metaphor of modelers as mapmakers, the chapter proposes a type of value-explicit map design to be most fitting.
Histamine and TH2 cytokines regulate the biosynthesis of cysteinyl-leukotrienes and expression of their receptors in human mast cells
Authors: Gehlhaar Patricia , Schaper-Gerhardt Katrin , Gutzmer Ralf , Hasler Franziska , Röhn Till A , Werfel Thomas , Mommert Susanne
Published: January 2025

Introduction

In skin lesions of atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, mast cells beyond other immune cells are present in increasing numbers. Upon activation, mast cells release a plethora of mediators, in particular histamine and leukotrienes, as well as chemokines and cytokines, which modulate the immune response of cells in their microenvironment and may influence mast cells in an autocrine loop. This study investigated the effects of histamine and TH2 cytokines on the biosynthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) as well as CysLT receptor expression on human mast cells from healthy volunteers and patients with AD.

Methods

Human mast cells were generated from CD34+ progenitor cells from peripheral blood. The cultured mast cells were stimulated with IL-4, IL-13, histamine and different histamine receptor selective ligands. Expression of enzymes in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and expression of CysLT receptors were quantified by real-time PCR. The release of CysLTs was measured by ELISA.

Results

Mast cells from AD patients showed higher expression of 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) and 5-Lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) compared to mast cells from healthy volunteers at baseline and in presence of histamine and TH2 cytokines. Expression of leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), the biosynthesis of CysLTs, and mRNA expression of both CysLT receptors were induced by histamine and TH2 cytokines in mast cells from healthy volunteers and AD patients.

Conclusion

We provide evidence that in an acute allergic situation histamine and TH2 cytokines may activate the biosynthesis of pro-allergic cysteinyl leukotrienes and up-regulation of CysLT receptor expression in human mast cells. This suggests a novel mechanism for sustaining mast cell activation through a possible autocrine signalling loop under these conditions.
Erstfraktur bei Patienten mit Osteoporose
Authors: Falk Steffi S. I.
Published: January 2025

Hintergrund

Unter Berücksichtigung der Tatsachen, dass die erste osteoporotische Fraktur weitere nach sich zieht und die genauen Ursachen der typischen Frakturkaskade bisher noch ungeklärt sind, werfen sich die Fragen auf, an welchem Punkt diese Kaskade ihren Anfang nimmt und mit welcher Fraktur.

Methodik

Über den Untersuchungszeitraum von 12 Monaten wurden alle Patienten mit einer Fraktur der langen Röhrenknochen konsekutiv gescreent. Alle Teilnehmer wurden hinsichtlich vorliegender Risikofaktoren (inkl. Vorfrakturen) gemäß gültiger DVO-Leitlinie befragt. Anhand der vorliegenden Risikofaktoren erfolgte die Berechnung des Frakturrisikos, auf dessen Basis die Diagnose und auch die Therapieindikation erfolgte.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt konnten 613 Patienten in die Studie eingeschlossen werden. Hierunter bestand bei 378 Patienten die Indikation zur medikamentösen Osteoporosetherapie. In dieser Gruppe wurden 182 Vorfrakturen berichtet. Unter diesen Vorfrakturen war die distale Radiusfraktur mit 54 Patienten am häufigsten vertreten, gefolgt von den hüftgelenknahen Frakturen (n = 40) und proximalen Humerusfrakturen (n = 27). Bei einer Aufteilung der Daten nach Geschlecht zeigt sich erwartungsgemäß ein verändertes Bild. In Übereinstimmung mit den Inzidenzen lässt sich feststellen, dass Männer weniger distale Radiusfrakturen und dafür mehr hüftgelenknahe Frakturen aufweisen.

Diskussion

Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass für Frauen mit distaler Radiusfraktur eine gute Möglichkeit besteht, frühzeitig eine Diagnose und nachfolgend auch eine Therapie bezüglich der Osteoporose einzuleiten. Bei Männern hingegen manifestierten sich hüftgelenknahe Frakturen am häufigsten als Erstfrakturen, sodass durch Vorfrakturen kein frühzeitiger Hinweis auf das Vorliegen einer Osteoporose abgeleitet werden konnte.
Analysis of the results of the regional innovation policies of the structural funds on business innovation indicators: does size and role matter in Andalusian business performance indicators?
Authors: Sande Veiga Diego
Published: January 2025

As a Convergence Objective Autonomous Community of the European Union, Andalusia was a beneficiary of the significant volume of European resources for regional innovation mobilised by the 2007–2013 Technology Fund and the 2014–2020 Smart Growth programme. For this reason, we evaluate the results of these technology policies in Andalusia through the main business innovation indicators, differentiating companies’ size and role in the projects financed by the ERDF-Innterconecta calls for proposals. The proposed analysis (through the study of projects, funds received, etc.) applies the Propensity Score Matching technique and seeks to identify the positive effect—or not—of participating into the policy analysed, which financed big R & D projects in Andalusia. The study is conducted differentiating the results considering the different groups of companies studied. The conclusion shows uneven results depending on the characteristics of the companies.
Barriers and facilitators to treat-to-target in axial spondyloarthritis in clinical practice: a mixed methods study
Authors: Smits Marius L. , Webers Casper , van Dooren Mirte , Mahler Elien A. M. , Vriezekolk Johanna E. , van Tubergen Astrid
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to explore the perceptions of patients and rheumatologists about a treat-to-target (T2T) strategy in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and identify the barriers and facilitators to its implementation in clinical practice. A mixed methods design was applied. Patients with axSpA who visited the outpatient clinic with active disease (AxSpA Disease Activity Score [ASDAS] ≥ 2.1), but did not receive a treatment adjustment, were identified. These patient cases were discussed in individual semi-structured interviews with the respective treating rheumatologists, and a subgroup of these patients was also interviewed. In parallel, all interviewed participants completed a quantitative survey. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed thematically and descriptively, respectively. Twenty-three patients were discussed with 11 rheumatologists, and 16 of these patients were interviewed personally. Barriers to T2T included challenges in the measurement of inflammatory disease activity using the ASDAS, and numerous patient-related factors such as concern about treatment adaptations. The limited number of viable treatment options and scarce amount of evidence supporting T2T in axSpA, as well as logistical challenges, were additional obstacles. Facilitators included patients’ broad knowledge about axSpA, rheumatologists’ awareness of T2T recommendations, and positive doctor-patient relationships with the application of shared decision-making. Moreover, a supporting infrastructure, such as one with high accessibility to the outpatient clinic between scheduled visits, was considered necessary for the application of a T2T strategy. In conclusion, numerous barriers and facilitators to the implementation of a T2T strategy in axSpA are present, which need to be considered when applying this treatment approach in clinical practice.
The impact of timing and type of donation decision on charitable giving
Authors: Chugunova Marina , Nicklisch Andreas , Schnapp Kai-Uwe
Published: January 2025

We study how the timing and the type of donation decisions affect charitable giving. In an online real-effort experiment with a subsistence income constraint, participants could donate to a charity either before or after they worked to generate income. We find no evidence that timing affects the propensity to donate or the amounts donated. However, if a donation is expressed as a share of future income rather than an absolute amount, more people donate and they donate larger amounts. Advance commitment does not appear to have a motivational effect on effort. Our findings suggest that requesting donations as a share of future income may enhance charitable giving.
Do menstrual symptoms affect motor imagery skills in young women?
Authors: Özün Özgü İnal , Öztürk Merve , Üzelpasacı Esra
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To examine the relationship between menstrual symptoms and motor imagery skills in young women.

Methods

A total of 117 women between the ages of 18–40 were included in the study. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for the menstrual pain intensity, the Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ) for the menstrual-related symptoms, and the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire-20 (KVIQ-20) for the motor imagery were used. All measurements were conducted on the first or second day of the menstruation, depending on when the subject declared subjectively experiencing most symptoms.

Results

The relationship between menstruation symptoms and visual imagery (VI) and kinesthetic imagery (KI) skills was examined. A weak negative correlation was found between MSQ_negative effects/somatic complaints and KVIQ-20_KI (p = .040, r = −.199). The relationship between menstrual pain intensity and KVIQ-20 items was examined. The strongest relationship was found between VAS and KVIQ-20_knee_VI and KVIQ-20_hip_VI (p = 003, r = −.288; p = 005, r = −.270; p = 004, respectively). A weak negative correlation was also found between VAS and KVIQ-20_VI_total and KVIQ-20_KI_total (p = 0.004, r = −.275; p = 0.19, r = −.227, respectively).

Discussion

This is the first study to examine menstrual symptoms in women in detail and reveal their relationship with motor imagery skills. Menstrual symptoms, especially negative effects/somatic complaints seen during menstruation, negatively affect kinesthetic imagery ability. In addition; chronic menstrual pain has a negative effect on both kinesthetic and visual imagery abilities. Considering the impairments in motor imagery skills due to negative effects/somatic complaints during menstruation and chronic menstrual pain, adding motor imagery training to treatment programs aimed at improving women’s health may have positive effects.
From Sancus to Sancus $$^q$$: staleness and quantization-aware full-graph decentralized training in graph neural networks
Authors: Peng Jingshu , Liu Qiyu , Chen Zhao , Shao Yingxia , Shen Yanyan , Chen Lei , Cao Jiannong
Published: January 2025

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged due to their success at modeling graph data. Yet, it is challenging for GNNs to efficiently scale to large graphs. Thus, distributed GNNs come into play. To avoid communication caused by expensive data movement between workers, we propose Sancus and its advanced version Sancus"Equation missing", the staleness and quantization-aware communication-avoiding decentralized GNN system. By introducing a set of novel bounded embedding staleness metrics and adaptively skipping broadcasts, Sancus abstracts decentralized GNN processing as sequential matrix multiplication and uses historical embeddings via cache. To further mitigate the communication volume, Sancus"Equation missing" conducts quantization-aware communication on embeddings to reduce the size of broadcast messages. Theoretically, we show bounded approximation errors of embeddings and gradients with a known fastest convergence guarantee. Empirically, we evaluate Sancus and Sancus"Equation missing" with common GNN models via different system setups on large-scale benchmark datasets. Compared to SOTA works, Sancus"Equation missing" can avoid up to

$$86\%$$

86
%

communication with

$$3.0\times $$

3.0
×

faster throughput on average without accuracy loss.
On the infinite horizon linear-quadratic regulator problem and the Leitmann transformation
Authors: Wagener Florian
Published: January 2025

The Leitmann transformation is used to fully solve the non-discounted single state linear-quadratic regulator problem over an infinite time horizon. All steps of the computation are elementary. The only differential equation that has to be integrated is the necessary Euler–Lagrange equation.
Value-at-risk constrained portfolios in incomplete markets: a dynamic programming approach to Heston’s model
Authors: Escobar-Anel Marcos , Havrylenko Yevhen , Zagst Rudi
Published: January 2025

We solve an expected utility-maximization problem with a Value-at-risk constraint on the terminal portfolio value in an incomplete financial market due to stochastic volatility. To derive the optimal investment strategy, we use the dynamic programming approach. We demonstrate that the value function in the constrained problem can be represented as the expected modified utility function of a vega-neutral financial derivative on the optimal terminal wealth in the unconstrained utility-maximization problem. Via the same financial derivative, the optimal wealth and the optimal investment strategy in the constrained problem are linked to the optimal wealth and the optimal investment strategy in the unconstrained problem. In numerical studies, we substantiate the impact of risk aversion levels and investment horizons on the optimal investment strategy. We observe a

$$20\%$$

20
%

relative difference between the constrained and unconstrained allocations for average parameters in a low-risk-aversion short-horizon setting.
Assessing the impact of EU policies on recycling supply chain: a system dynamics perspective on advancing packaging recycling capacity
Authors: Nguyen Tiep , Van Nguyen Truong , Zhou Li , Duong Quang Huy , Ieromonachou Petros
Published: January 2025

Recycling stands as a crucial strategy in mitigating climate change and advancing towards carbon neutrality. Within the European Union (EU), the development of a resilient recycling supply chain is of paramount importance, particularly in response to global disruptions such as the widespread ban on solid waste imports by numerous countries like China, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Such disruptions have exposed the vulnerabilities of EU member states, notably their overreliance on waste export and limited domestic recycling capacities. This study integrates primary data from diverse public sources into a system dynamics simulation model to assess the effectiveness of three policy types used to enhance EU domestic recycling capacities: Innovation-focused (IF), Subsidy-focused, and Market-based (MB) policies. Our findings show that IF policies exert the most considerable impact in the short term and continue to play a crucial role in the EU’s recycling capacity expansion over the medium and long term. Conversely, MB policies are identified as most effective for immediate capacity enhancement in response to abrupt disruptions. Finally, the result suggests the optimal policy mix where 84% government resources should be allocated to IF policies and 16% to MB policies to ensure the EU achieves the deliberate balance between short-term market stabilisation and long-term transformation of its domestic recycling capacity for economic, environmental, and social sustainability. This research represents a pioneering effort in examining the efficacy of a diverse array of policy types within an optimised mix, thereby encompassing a broader range of policy considerations.
A Q-learning-based algorithm for the block relocation problem
Authors: Liu Liqun , Feng Yuanjun , Zeng Qingcheng , Chen Zhijun , Li Yaqiu
Published: January 2025

The Block Relocation Problem (BRP), also known as the Container Relocation Problem, is a challenging combinatorial optimization problem in block stacking systems and has many applications in real-world scenarios such as logistics and manufacturing industry. The BRP is about finding the optimal way to retrieve blocks from a storage area with the objective of minimizing the number of relocations. The BRPs have been studied for a long time, and have been solved primarily using conventional optimization techniques, including mathematical programming models, as well as both exact and heuristic algorithms. For the first time, this paper tackles the problem using a reinforcement learning method. We focus on one of the major variants of the BRP—the restricted BRP with duplicate priorities (RBRP-dup). We first model the RBRP-dup as a Markov decision process and then propose a Q-learning-based algorithm to solve the problem. The Q-learning-based algorithm contains two phases. In the learning phase, two innovative mechanisms: an optimal rule-integrated behaviour policy and a heuristic-based dynamic initialization method, are incorporated into the Q-learning model to reduce the size of the state-action space and accelerate convergence. In the optimization phase, the insights obtained in the learning phase are combined with a heuristic algorithm to improve decision-making. The performance of our proposed method is evaluated against the state-of-the-art exact algorithm and a commonly used heuristic algorithm based on benchmark instances from the literature. The computational experiments demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method regarding solution quality in large and complex instances.
A comparison of endothelial cell count, central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure in different ethnic groups in the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Bhika Raquel , Zunza Moleen , Smit Derrick
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To compare endothelial cell counts (ECC), central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in different ethnic groups.

Methods

Between January 2019 and December 2021, we enrolled 373 patients who self-identified as native African (116), ethnically diverse (157) or of European descent (100). Mean intraocular pressure (IOP), CCT and ECC were recorded.

Results

IOP was similar between the groups (African mean IOP 15.7 ± 2.2 mmHg, ethnically diverse 15.8 ± 2.2 mmHg, European 16.0 ± 2.0 mmHg, p = 0.48). There were age differences but no gender differences between ethnic groups. Mean CCT was 503.6 ± 30.0 µm (African), 516.8 ± 30.0 µm (ethnically diverse) and 539.1 ± 34.2 µm (European) (p < 0.002 for all). Mean ECC was 2775 ± 272 cells/mm2 (African), 2678 ± 233 cells/mm2 (ethnically diverse) and 2639 ± 313 cells/mm2 (European). These differences were significant between Africans and Europeans (p = 0.001) and Africans and ethnically diverse groups (p = 0.01).

Conclusion

ECC was highest in Africans with lowest CCT and conversely, Europeans demonstrated lowest ECC and highest CCT. Ethnically diverse participants demonstrated values between those of Africans and Europeans. We hypothesize that genomic research is required to determine if these differences have a genetic basis.
Efficacy of Amphora coffeaeformis supplemented diets in improving growth performance, health status, and resistance to Aeromonas sobria in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to suboptimal temperature conditions
Authors: Ibrahim Hosny A. , Reda Rasha M. , Galal Azza A. A. , Mahmoud Shahira H. , Abdallah Samar H.
Published: January 2025

Climate change affects aquaculture to a significant extent, while one of the primary threats to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth and health is suboptimal temperatures. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of Amphora coffeaeformis powder and extract on the growth performance and health status of tilapia grown in suboptimal temperature (21 °C). A total of 180 fish (31.39 ± 0.5 g) were randomly allocated into six groups, each with three replicates. The control group was fed a basal diet. The second and third groups were supplemented with 50 g kg−1 (AMP50) and 70 g kg−1 (AMP70) of A. coffeaeformis powder, respectively. The fourth and fifth groups received 50 g kg−1 (AME50) and 70 g kg−1 (AME70) of A. coffeaeformis extract, respectively. The sixth group (OXY) was fed a diet with 500 mg kg⁻1 of oxytetracycline. After a 60-day feeding trial, all fish were challenged with Aeromonas sobria. The findings indicated that the extract of A. coffeaeformis, particularly at a concentration of 70 g kg−1 diet, significantly enhanced growth performance, hematological and biochemical parameters, antioxidant and immunological markers. Additionally, it notably increased resistance against A. sobria. These results suggest that A. coffeaeformis supplementation, particularly AME at 70 g kg−1, effectively mitigates suboptimal temperature effects on Nile tilapia productivity by enhancing growth, health, and disease resistance.
Creating equitable learning environments by building on differences in higher education: design and implementation of the MIXED model
Authors: Ramdas Siema , Slootman Marieke , van der Zee Karen
Published: January 2025

Creating truly equitable education is a challenge. Equity, diversity, and inclusion endeavours are often characterized by a depreciative deficit-thinking and a problem-based view on diversity. In this article, we present the MIXED model (Multi-perspective Inclusive eXchanges for Equity and Diversity), which can support lecturers in establishing an inclusive learning environment by building on different perspectives and talents in the (college) classroom. The model offers both inspiration and practical guidance as it describes a vision, strategies, and examples of learning activities for various classroom settings (online/offline, larger/smaller). We also describe the theoretical framework and the process of development and implementation. The MIXED model, developed at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, unpacks three phases in classroom dynamics. Feedback from lecturers indicates utilizing the model can lead to a more equitable learning environment. This approach aims to educate future academics and professionals who are capable of building on the different perspectives in diverse settings when resolving complex societal problems.
Antimicrobial properties of carbon “quantum” dots for food safety applications
Authors: Collins Jordan , Yang Liju , Dong Xiuli , Sun Ya-Ping
Published: January 2025

Carbon dots represent a rapidly advancing and expanding research field, with a large number of literature reports on their potential technological applications including those relevant to food safety. In this article, the dot samples prepared by the deliberate chemical functionalization of preexisting small carbon nanoparticles or by thermal carbonization of various organic precursors under different processing conditions are highlighted and critiqued for their similarities and differences in sample structure-morphology and properties, especially antimicrobial properties for their food safety–related uses. Also highlighted and discussed are representative recent examples for the use of dot samples to inactivate foodborne pathogens, disrupt biofilms or prevent their formation, and extend the shelf life of food products, which involve different antibacterial mechanisms. Some perspectives on the further development of the carbon dots–based/derived antimicrobial platform and related excellent application opportunities in food safety are provided.