bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative assessment of the associations between DNA repair gene XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism and pancreatic cancer
Authors: Wu Wenjing , Xu Sen , Chen Lingzhi , Ji Chaomin , Liang Tianyu , He Mangmang
Published: June 2024

Background

Prior research exploring the correlation between the XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism and the susceptibility to pancreatic cancer has yielded conflicting outcomes. To date, there has been a notable absence of studies examining this polymorphism. The primary aim of the current investigation is to elucidate the potential role of the XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism as a risk factor in the development of pancreatic cancer.

Methods

The comprehensive literature search was meticulously conducted across primary databases, including PubMed, Embase, and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), spanning from the inception of each database through January 2024. To synthesize the data, a meta-analysis was performed using either a fixed or random-effects model, as appropriate, to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

The analysis revealed significant associations between the XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism and an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. This was evidenced through various genetic model comparisons: allele contrast (T vs. C: OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.70–0.86, P < 0.001), homozygote comparison (TT vs. CC: OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.58–0.88, P = 0.001), heterozygote comparison (TC vs. CC: OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.52–0.87, P = 0.003), and a dominant genetic model (TT/TC vs. CC: OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.57–0.81, P < 0.001). Additionally, subgroup analyses based on ethnicity disclosed that these associations were particularly pronounced in the Caucasian population, with all genetic models showing significance (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism has been identified as contributing to a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer in the Caucasian population. This finding underscores the need for further research to validate and expand upon our conclusions, emphasizing the urgency for continued investigations in this domain.
LncRNA MALAT1 facilitates BM-MSCs differentiation into endothelial cells and ameliorates erectile dysfunction via the miR-206/CDC42/PAK1/paxillin signalling axis
Authors: Luo Longhua , Wang Zixin , Tong Xuxian , Xiong Tenxian , Chen Minggen , Liu Xiang , Peng Cong , Sun Xiang
Published: June 2024

Background

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual dysfunction, with an increasing incidence, and the current treatment is often ineffective.

Methods

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) was used to treat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), and their cell migration rates were determined by Transwell assays. The expression of the von Willebrand Factor (vWF)VE-cadherin, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) endothelial markers was determined by qRT‒PCR and Western blot analyses. The MALAT1-induced differentiation of BM-MCs to ECs via the CDC42/PAK1/paxillin pathway was explored by transfecting VEGFA-induced BM-MSC with si-MALAT1 and overexpressing CDC42 and PAK1. The binding capacity between CDC42, PAK1, and paxillin in VEGFA-treated and non-VEGFA-treated BM-MSCs was examined by protein immunoprecipitation. MiR-206 was overexpressed in VEGFA-induced BM-MSC, and the binding sites of MALAT1, miR-206, and CDC42 were identified using a luciferase assay. Sixty male Sprague‒Dawley rats were divided into six groups (n = 10/group). DMED modelling was demonstrated by APO experiments and was assessed by measuring blood glucose levels. Erectile function was assessed by measuring the intracavernosa pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Penile erectile tissue was analysed by qRT‒PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical staining.

Results

MALAT1 under VEGFA treatment conditions regulates the differentiation of BM-MSCs into ECs by modulating the CDC42/PAK1/paxillin axis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that interference with CDC42 and MALAT1 expression inhibited the differentiation of BM-MSCs to ECs. CDC42 binds to PAK1, and PAK1 binds to paxillin. In addition, CDC42 in the VEGFA group had a greater ability to bind to PAK1, whereas PAK1 in the VEGFA group had a greater ability to bind to paxillin. Overexpression of miR-206 in VEGFA-induced BM-MSCs demonstrated that MALAT1 competes with the CDC42 3’-UTR for binding to miR-206, which in turn is involved in the differentiation of BM-MSCs to ECs. Compared to the DMED model group, the ICP/MAP ratio was significantly greater in the three BM-MSCs treatment groups.

Conclusions

MALAT1 facilitates BM-MSC differentiation into ECs by regulating the miR-206/CDC42/PAK1/paxillin axis to improve ED. The present findings revealed the vital role of MALAT1 in the repair of BM-MSCs for erectile function and provided new mechanistic insights into the BM-MSC-mediated repair of DMED.
Interplay of Mediterranean-diet adherence, genetic factors, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease risk in Korea
Authors: Kwon Yu-Jin , Choi Ja-Eun , Hong Kyung-Won , Lee Ji-Won
Published: June 2024

Backgrounds

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has gained attention owing to its severe complications. This study aimed to explore the interaction between Mediterranean-diet (MD) adherence, genetic factors, and MASLD risk in a Korean population.

Methods

In total, 33,133 individuals aged 40 years and older from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) were analyzed. Participants were assessed for MASLD based on criteria and MD adherence measured by the Korean version of the Mediterranean-Diet Adherence Screener (K-MEDAS). Individuals were categorized into two groups based on their MD adherence: high adherence (K-MEDAS > 6) and low adherence (K-MEDAS < 5). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes were obtained using the Korea Biobank array. Logistic regression was used to examine the single-marker variants for genetic associations with MASLD prevalence.

Results

Individuals were categorized into MASLD (10,018 [30.2%]) and non-MASLD (23,115 [69.8%]) groups. A significant interaction was observed between the rs780094 glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) gene and K-MEDAS on MASLD (p < $${10}^{-2}$$

10

-
2

). Of individuals with K-MEDAS > 6, those carrying the minor allele (C) of the GCKR gene rs780094 exhibited a lower risk of MASLD compared to those without the allele (odds ratio [OR] = 0.88 [0.85–0.91], p-value = 5.54e−13).

Conclusion

The study identified a significant interaction involving the rs780094 variant near the GCKR gene, with carriers of the minor allele exhibiting a lower MASLD risk among those adhering well to the MD. Dietary habits influence the MASLD risk associated with the rs780094 allele, emphasizing the need for personalized nutrition recommendations.
Maternal SARS-CoV-2 impacts fetal placental macrophage programs and placenta-derived microglial models of neurodevelopment
Authors: Shook Lydia L. , Batorsky Rebecca E. , De Guzman Rose M. , McCrea Liam T. , Brigida Sara M. , Horng Joy E. , Sheridan Steven D. , Kholod Olha , Cook Aidan M. , Li Jonathan Z. , Slonim Donna K. , Goods Brittany A. , Perlis Roy H. , Edlow Andrea G.
Published: June 2024

Background

The SARS-CoV-2 virus activates maternal and placental immune responses. Such activation in the setting of other infections during pregnancy is known to impact fetal brain development. The effects of maternal immune activation on neurodevelopment are mediated at least in part by fetal brain microglia. However, microglia are inaccessible for direct analysis, and there are no validated non-invasive surrogate models to evaluate in utero microglial priming and function. We have previously demonstrated shared transcriptional programs between microglia and Hofbauer cells (HBCs, or fetal placental macrophages) in mouse models.

Methods and results

We assessed the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 on HBCs isolated from 24 term placentas (N = 10 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases, 14 negative controls). Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we demonstrated that HBC subpopulations exhibit distinct cellular programs, with specific subpopulations differentially impacted by SARS-CoV-2. Assessment of differentially expressed genes implied impaired phagocytosis, a key function of both HBCs and microglia, in some subclusters. Leveraging previously validated models of microglial synaptic pruning, we showed that HBCs isolated from placentas of SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnancies can be transdifferentiated into microglia-like cells (HBC-iMGs), with impaired synaptic pruning behavior compared to HBC models from negative controls.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that HBCs isolated at birth can be used to create personalized cellular models of offspring microglial programming.
Complete transection of the bilateral main bronchus in a 5-year-old patient: a case report
Authors: Wang Weimin , Yang Yanliang , Bi Siming , Lv Xiaozheng , Xu Huihui
Published: June 2024

Background

Tracheobronchial injuries caused by blunt chest trauma are rare in children, and such injuries usually involve multiple organs. Most cases involve respiratory failure on the way to the hospital, and the mortality rate is high. Herein, we describe the case of a 5-year-old patient who fell from an electric vehicle, causing complete rupture of the bilateral main bronchus.

Case presentation

We treated a 5-year-old patient with complete bilateral main bronchus rupture. Chest computed tomography (CT) failed to detect bronchial rupture. Continuous closed thoracic drainage resulted in a large amount of bubble overflow. Tracheal rupture was suspected. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy revealed complete rupture of the right main bronchus and rupture of the left main bronchus. Emergency tracheoplasty was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). During the operation, we found that the bilateral main bronchi were completely ruptured. Postoperative recovery was smooth. The traditional surgical method for treating these injuries is lateral thoracotomy. However, a median sternotomy provides a better opportunity for selective repair. Extracorporeal circulation-assisted surgery is required for patients with unstable breathing.

Conclusion

Complete fractures of the bilateral main bronchi are rare. Bronchial rupture should be suspected in the presence of expansion defect-dropped lungs and massive air leakage despite tube thoracostomy in haemopneumothorax developing after thoracic trauma. Extracorporeal circulation-assisted tracheoplasty is a relatively safe option for children whose respiratory system is difficult to maintain, thus ensuring oxygenation ventilation and a clear surgical field.
Identification of metastasis-related genes for predicting prostate cancer diagnosis, metastasis and immunotherapy drug candidates using machine learning approaches
Authors: Wang YaXuan , Ji Bo , Zhang Lu , Wang Jinfeng , He JiaXin , Ding BeiChen , Ren MingHua
Published: June 2024

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of tumor-related mortality in men. Metastasis from advanced tumors is the primary cause of death among patients. Identifying novel and effective biomarkers is essential for understanding the mechanisms of metastasis in PCa patients and developing successful interventions.

Methods

Using the GSE8511 and GSE27616 data sets, 21 metastasis-related genes were identified through the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method. Subsequent functional analysis of these genes was conducted on the gene set cancer analysis (GSCA) website. Cluster analysis was utilized to explore the relationship between these genes, immune infiltration in PCa, and the efficacy of targeted drug IC50 scores. Machine learning algorithms were then employed to construct diagnostic and prognostic models, assessing their predictive accuracy. Additionally, multivariate COX regression analysis highlighted the significant role of POLD1 and examined its association with DNA methylation. Finally, molecular docking and immunohistochemistry experiments were carried out to assess the binding affinity of POLD1 to PCa drugs and its impact on PCa prognosis.

Results

The study identified 21 metastasis-related genes using the WGCNA method, which were found to be associated with DNA damage, hormone AR activation, and inhibition of the RTK pathway. Cluster analysis confirmed a significant correlation between these genes and PCa metastasis, particularly in the context of immunotherapy and targeted therapy drugs. A diagnostic model combining multiple machine learning algorithms showed strong predictive capabilities for PCa diagnosis, while a transfer model using the LASSO algorithm also yielded promising results. POLD1 emerged as a key prognostic gene among the metastatic genes, showing associations with DNA methylation. Molecular docking experiments supported its high affinity with PCa-targeted drugs. Immunohistochemistry experiments further validated that increased POLD1 expression is linked to poor prognosis in PCa patients.

Conclusions

The developed diagnostic and metastasis models provide substantial value for patients with prostate cancer. The discovery of POLD1 as a novel biomarker related to prostate cancer metastasis offers a promising avenue for enhancing treatment of prostate cancer metastasis.
S100 proteins as potential predictive biomarkers of abatacept response in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Brunner Hermine I , Schulert Grant S , Sproles Alyssa , Thornton Sherry , Cornejo Gabriel Vega , Antón Jordi , Cuttica Ruben , Henrickson Michael , Foeldvari Ivan , Kingsbury Daniel J , Askelson Margarita , Liu Jinqi , Mukherjee Sumanta , Wong Robert L , Lovell Daniel J , Martini Alberto , Ruperto Nicolino , Grom Alexei A ,   on behalf of the Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group (PRCSG) and the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO)
Published: June 2024

Background

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) comprises a heterogeneous group of conditions that can cause marked disability and diminished quality of life. Data on predictors of clinical response are insufficient to guide selection of the appropriate biologic agent for individual patients. This study aimed to investigate the propensity of S100A8/9 and S100A12 as predictive biomarkers of abatacept response in polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA).

Methods

Data from a phase 3 trial (NCT01844518) of subcutaneous abatacept in patients with active pJIA (n = 219) were used in this exploratory analysis. Association between biomarker levels at baseline and improvements in JIA-American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria responses or baseline disease activity (measured by Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score in 27 joints using C-reactive protein [JADAS27-CRP]) were assessed. Biomarker level changes from baseline to month 4 were assessed for disease outcome prediction up to 21 months.

Results

At baseline, 158 patients had available biomarker samples. Lower baseline S100A8/9 levels (≤ 3295 ng/mL) were associated with greater odds of achieving JIA-ACR90 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.54 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25–5.18]), JIA-ACR100 (OR: 3.72 [95% CI: 1.48–9.37]), JIA-ACR inactive disease (ID; OR: 4.25 [95% CI: 2.03–8.92]), JADAS27-CRP ID (OR: 2.34 [95% CI: 1.02–5.39]) at month 4, and JIA-ACR ID (OR: 3.01 [95% CI: 1.57–5.78]) at month 16. Lower baseline S100A12 levels (≤ 176 ng/mL) were associated with greater odds of achieving JIA-ACR90 (OR: 2.52 [95% CI: 1.23–5.13]), JIA-ACR100 (OR: 3.68 [95% CI: 1.46–9.28]), JIA-ACR ID (OR: 3.66 [95% CI: 1.76–7.61]), JIA-ACR90 (OR: 2.03 [95% CI: 1.07–3.87]), JIA-ACR100 (OR: 2.14 [95% CI: 1.10–4.17]), and JIA-ACR ID (OR: 4.22 [95% CI: 2.15–8.29]) at month 16. From baseline to month 4, decreases in S100A8/9 and S100A12 generally exceeded 50% among JIA-ACR90/100/ID responders.

Conclusion

Lower baseline levels of S100A8/9 and S100A12 proteins predicted better response to abatacept treatment than higher levels and may serve as early predictive biomarkers in pJIA. Decreases in these biomarker levels may also predict longer-term response to abatacept in pJIA.
The impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease and its treatment on interstitial lung disease outcomes
Authors: Quinlivan A. , Neuen D. , Hansen D. , Stevens W. , Ross L. , Ferdowsi N. , Proudman S. M. , Walker J. G. , Sahhar J. , Ngian G-S. , Apostolopoulos D. , Host L. V. , Major G. , Basnayake C. , Morrisroe K. , Nikpour M.
Published: June 2024

Background

To determine the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and its treatment and interstitial lung disease in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods

SSc patients from the Australian Scleroderma Cohort Study (ASCS) were included. GORD was defined as self-reported GORD symptoms, therapy with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or histamine 2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) and/or the presence of reflux oesophagitis diagnosed endoscopically. The impact of GORD and its treatment on ILD features (including severity and time to ILD development) and survival was evaluated.

Results

GORD was a common manifestation affecting 1539/1632 (94%) of SSc patients. GORD affected 450/469 (96%) of those with SSc-ILD cohort. In SSc-ILD, there was no relationship between the presence of GORD or its treatment and time to ILD development or ILD severity. However, GORD treatment was associated with improved survival in those with ILD (p = 0.002). Combination therapy with both a PPI and a H2RA was associated with a greater survival benefit than single agent therapy with PPI alone (HR 0.3 vs 0.5 p < 0.050 respectively).

Conclusion

GORD is a common SSc disease manifestation. While the presence or treatment of GORD does not influence the development or severity of ILD, aggressive GORD treatment, in particular with a combination of PPI and H2RA, is associated with improved survival in those with SSc-ILD.
A feasibility study to assess the recruitment and retention of pregnant patients who regularly use cannabis
Authors: Vanderziel Alyssa , Maslovich Mark M. , Alshaarawy Omayma
Published: June 2024

Objective

To assess first-trimester recruitment and retention of pregnant patients who regularly used cannabis, but not other substances, measured by willingness to participate in a research study, completion of self-administered electronic questionnaires, and willingness to provide urine samples during each trimester of pregnancy. We designed and launched a prospective feasibility study titled, Cannabis Legalization in Michigan (CALM) – Maternal & Infant Health (MIH), in two Michigan clinics after the recreational use of cannabis became legal for adults 21 years and older.

Results

Over half (52%) of patients asked to participate in CALM-MIH were consented to the study. Two-thirds (66%) of screened patients initiated prenatal care during their first trimester of pregnancy and 50% used cannabis, of which the majority did not concurrently use other substances. Of those recruited into the prospective study, all participants completed the first-trimester questionnaire and provided urine samples. Study retention was 80% and all participants who completed follow-up assessments were willing to provide urine samples.
Automatic dysarthria detection and severity level assessment using CWT-layered CNN model
Authors: Sajiha Shaik , Radha Kodali , Venkata Rao Dhulipalla , Sneha Nammi , Gunnam Suryanarayana , Bavirisetti Durga Prasad
Published: June 2024

Dysarthria is a speech disorder that affects the ability to communicate due to articulation difficulties. This research proposes a novel method for automatic dysarthria detection (ADD) and automatic dysarthria severity level assessment (ADSLA) by using a variable continuous wavelet transform (CWT) layered convolutional neural network (CNN) model. To determine their efficiency, the proposed model is assessed using two distinct corpora, TORGO and UA-Speech, comprising both dysarthria patients and healthy subject speech signals. The research study explores the effectiveness of CWT-layered CNN models that employ different wavelets such as Amor, Morse, and Bump. The study aims to analyze the models’ performance without the need for feature extraction, which could provide deeper insights into the effectiveness of the models in processing complex data. Also, raw waveform modeling preserves the original signal’s integrity and nuance, making it ideal for applications like speech recognition, signal processing, and image processing. Extensive analysis and experimentation have revealed that the Amor wavelet surpasses the Morse and Bump wavelets in accurately representing signal characteristics. The Amor wavelet outperforms the others in terms of signal reconstruction fidelity, noise suppression capabilities, and feature extraction accuracy. The proposed CWT-layered CNN model emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate wavelet for signal-processing tasks. The Amor wavelet is a reliable and precise choice for applications. The UA-Speech dataset is crucial for more accurate dysarthria classification. Advanced deep learning techniques can simplify early intervention measures and expedite the diagnosis process.
Moderators of Intervention Efficacy in the Pathways to Wellness Trial of Survivorship Education and Mindfulness Meditation for Younger Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Tyrus Korecki J. Richard , Ganz Patricia A. , Partridge Ann H. , Wolff Antonio C. , Petersen Laura , Crespi Catherine M. , Bower Julienne E.
Published: June 2024

PURPOSE

Depression is associated with poor outcomes in breast cancer survivors (BCSs), with higher prevalence among younger women. The Pathways to Wellness (PTW; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT03025139
) randomized controlled trial (RCT) demonstrated beneficial effects of two behavioral interventions (survivorship education [SE] and mindful awareness practices [MAPs]) on depressive symptoms in younger BCS. We conducted an exploratory secondary analysis to identify moderators of intervention effects.

METHODS

Women diagnosed with stage 0 to III breast cancer at or before age 50 years who completed cancer treatment were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of SE (n = 81), MAPs (n = 85), or waitlist control (WLC; n = 81). Moderators assessed at baseline included psychological distress (depression and anxiety), intervention preference, preparedness for survivorship, and time since initial diagnosis. Linear regression models tested the modifying effects of each variable on postintervention depression in SE versus WLC and MAPs versus WLC.

RESULTS

Baseline levels of depression (β = –.03,
P
< .01) and anxiety (β = –.64,
P
= .02) moderated effects of SE on depressive symptoms, as did preparedness for survivorship (β = 3.17,
P
= .02). Participants randomly assigned to SE who had the highest levels of depression or anxiety and who felt least prepared for survivorship showed the largest reductions in depressive symptoms from preintervention to postintervention. Similar effects were not observed for MAPs. Intervention preference and time since diagnosis did not moderate intervention effects for either SE or MAPs.

CONCLUSION

Our 6-week, group-based SE program may be most beneficial for women with higher levels of psychological distress and those who feel least prepared for cancer survivorship. By contrast, a 6-week mindfulness awareness practice intervention appears to benefit younger BCS regardless of pretreatment characteristics.
Low-Dose Planned Glucarpidase Allows Safe Outpatient High-Dose Methotrexate Treatment for CNS Lymphoma
Authors: Schaff Lauren R. , Carlow Dean , Schofield Ryan , Wongchai Venissala , Madzsar Juli , Hyde Allison , Reiner Anne S. , Panageas Katherine S. , DeAngelis Lisa M. , Mellinghoff Ingo K. , Lobbous Mina , Nabors Louis B. , Grommes Christian
Published: June 2024

PURPOSE

High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is the backbone of curative therapy for CNS lymphoma. Because of toxicity, MTX is administered in the inpatient setting along with hyperhydration and monitoring until MTX clearance is documented (3-5 days). Frequent hospitalizations result in patient time away from work, home, and exposure to potential iatrogenic/nosocomial complications. Here, we aim to demonstrate feasibility of HD-MTX administration in the outpatient setting with low-dose glucarpidase facilitating clearance.

METHODS

This is a prospective nonrandomized study of outpatient HD-MTX followed by glucarpidase 2000u (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT03684980
). Eligible patients had CNS lymphoma, creatinine <1.3 mg/dL, and previously tolerated HD-MTX. Patients were enrolled between May 2020 December 2021 for one HD-MTX treatment. Patients could re-enroll for subsequent doses of HD-MTX as eligibility and slots permitted. MTX 3.5 g/m
2
was administered once over 2 hours, preceded by standard hydration and followed by an additional 2 hours of dextrose 5% in water with NaHCO
3
75 mEq at 150 cc/h. Glucarpidase 2000u was administered once in the clinic 24 hours later. The primary end point was MTX level 48 hours after HD-MTX.

RESULTS

Twenty doses of outpatient HD-MTX with glucarpidase were administered to seven patients. After 20 of 20 (100%) treatments, serum MTX levels were reduced to <100 nmol/L. Treatments were well-tolerated, and no admissions were required. One patient received additional outpatient hydration for elevated creatinine. Development of antiglucarpidase antibody was rare and did not affect treatment.

CONCLUSION

Outpatient HD-MTX with glucarpidase is safe and well-tolerated and has the potential to alter standard treatment for CNS lymphoma.
Using Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Monitoring to Navigate Patients to Supportive Care Services
Authors: Kaufmann Tara L. , Rocque Gabrielle B.
Published: June 2024

Dr Kaufmann and Dr Rocque envision how #ePRO symptom monitoring can link patients to supportive care services. #pallonc #supponc #patientreportedoutcomes #PROS #cancer #oncology
Automated Tomographic Assessment of Structural Defects of Freeze-Dried Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Müller Patric , Sack Achim , Dümler Jens , Heckel Michael , Wenzel Tim , Siegert Teresa , Schuldt-Lieb Sonja , Gieseler Henning , Pöschel Thorsten
Published: June 2024

The topology and surface characteristics of lyophilisates significantly impact the stability and reconstitutability of freeze-dried pharmaceuticals. Consequently, visual quality control of the product is imperative. However, this procedure is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but also expensive and prone to errors. In this paper, we present an approach for fully automated, non-destructive inspection of freeze-dried pharmaceuticals, leveraging robotics, computed tomography, and machine learning.
Stability discussion of metal carbonates in aqueous solution: Reactive force field and density functional theory
Authors: Shen Cong , Lin Li , Lan Mu , Chen Xisan , Zhao Wan
Published: June 2024

The nucleation and precipitation of metal carbonates occupy a crucial position in a wide array of industrial processes, environmental occurrences, and geological formations. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying these processes is paramount for optimizing industrial applications and mitigating environmental impacts. In this study, we embark on an investigation utilizing reactive force field molecular-dynamics simulations to delve deeply into the nucleation and precipitation process of metal carbonates. These simulations provide profound insights into the mechanisms and kinetics governing the process across diverse conditions. Additionally, through density functional theory calculations, we scrutinize the energetic and dynamical stability of highly hydrated amorphous carbonates and hydrate crystals. Our revelations offer illuminating perspectives on the intricate interplay of factors shaping nucleation and precipitation processes, serving as a foundation for future inquiries in this research field.
Health-Care Utilization and Outcomes in Young Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zenno Anna , Huang Alyssa , Roberts Alissa J , Pihoker Catherine
Published: June 2024

Young adulthood can be a challenging time for individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) as they experience increasing independence and life transitions, which can make it difficult to engage in DM self care. Compared to older adults, young adults are more likely to have higher glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). They also often have lower adherence to standards of care in DM, and higher utilization of emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations for diabetic ketoacidosis. This review describes health-care utilization and explores factors that may contribute to high HbA1c among young adults with DM. In addition, it discusses the unique health-care needs of young adults with DM, examines the role of technology in their DM care, and analyzes the effects of social determinants of health on their health-care utilization.
“We Are Having Abortions”: How Abortion Stories Illustrate Policy and Warn of What Is to Come
Authors: Bracey Sherman Renee
Published: June 2024

A pivotal moment in the post–Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization response was how abortion storytellers rose up in defiance of the laws. Of course, people continued to have abortions, but the way in which they did so openly, refusing to be silent and testifying before Congress about their experiences—potentially criminalized or still legal—was valiant. People who have abortions are experiencing an unprecedented level of visibility at a moment in which we've lost all legal protections. But that visibility and storytelling is one of the critical ways in which we will be able to tell the story of now and support each other as we build a vision for what's next: a world in which everyone is able to freely decide if, when, and how to grow their families and receive an abortion at any time, for any reason, anywhere. We are building it for ourselves, we are imagining it on-screen, and we are telling the stories of what we need to make that world possible today.
After the Day: Dobbs Has Not Stopped Abortions
Authors: Braine Naomi
Published: June 2024

In June 2022, the Supreme Court overturned the long-standing Roe v. Wade decision that legalized abortion throughout the United States. Since then, almost half of states have imposed restrictions or outright bans on the procedure, while other states have expanded access and even legislated protections for persons seeking abortion and for medical providers. The total number of abortions in the United States does not appear to have changed in the year after the Dobbs decision, although the challenges to access have profoundly affected the lives of countless people. This article briefly explores the political dynamics underlying these dramatic policy changes and emerging patterns of resistance and offers a brief orientation to this Against the Day section.
Abortion in the State of Exception
Authors: Majewska Ewa
Published: June 2024

In the current revival of fundamentalist right-wing politics globally, Poland occupies an important place given the struggles for abortion and reproductive justice that have been ongoing there since 2016. Together with Mexican, Argentinian, South Korean, and Italian women, Polish feminists contributed to creating the International Women's Strike, which later spread throughout the globe, uniting movements in seventy countries. This article discusses the symmetric heroisms imposed by the conservative governments on women, who have to give birth “no matter what,” as well as on men, who are told to “defend their fatherland.” Such acute, gendered demands for heroism also perpetuate the binary heteromatrix, further marginalizing LGBTQIA+ people and groups. Recent Polish struggles have contributed to the shift in feminist proabortion narratives from the liberal one, centered on choice, to others more preoccupied with reproductive justice. This article argues that the recent legal limitations on access to abortion in Poland and other countries are central to the current effort to reestablish the rule of the state of exception. It also analyzes the weak resistance of grassroots feminist movements organizing for reproductive justice. The refusal to participate in heroic politics requires not only work for better access to abortion but also an alternative kind of subject formation, here tentatively defined as “unheroic,” as well as politics of weak resistance.
. . . . . . Et les chiens se taisaient
Authors: Césaire Aimé
Published: June 2024

. . . . . . And the Dogs Were Silent makes available, for the first time in English, Aimé Césaire’s original version of Et les chiens se taisaient, a historical drama based on the Haitian Revolution and Toussaint Louverture, composed during World War II, under the watchful eyes of Vichy censors in Martinique. The story unfolds in three acts, each exploring a different episode of the Haitian Revolution, from the early slave revolts in the North of the island to Toussaint’s imprisonment and Dessalines’s march to victory. A stunning meditation on Black revolution and liberatory violence, rife with Césaire’s entrancing poetry and theatrical verve, its action carries us through the forces of history and a hero’s unwavering journey of political and poetic freedom.
From Operating Room to Courtroom: Analyzing Malpractice Trajectories in Cranial Neurosurgery
Authors: Gerstl Jakob V. E. , Gupta Saksham , Stenberg Carl E. , Chabros Jeremy , Nonnenbroich Leo F. , Lindberg Rebecca , Altshuler Marcelle S. , Seaver David , Mooney Michael A. , Frerichs Kai U. , Smith Timothy R. , Arnaout Omar
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Nearly all neurosurgeons in the United States will be named defendants in a malpractice claim before retirement. We perform an assessment of national malpractice trends in cranial neurosurgery to inform neurosurgeons on current outcomes, trends over time, benchmarks for malpractice coverage needs, and ways to mitigate lawsuits.

METHODS:

The Westlaw Edge and LexisNexis databases were searched to identify medical malpractice cases relating to open cranial surgery between 1987 and 2023. Extracted data included date of verdict, jurisdiction, outcome, details of sustained injuries, and any associated award/settlement figures.

RESULTS:

Of 1550 cases analyzed, 252 were identified as malpractice claims arising from open cranial surgery. The median settlement amount was $950 000 and the average plaintiff ruling was $2 750 000. The highest plaintiff ruling resulted in an award of $28.1 million. Linear regression revealed no significant relationship between year and defendant win (P-value = .43). After adjusting for inflation, award value increased with time (P-value = .01). The most common cranial subspecialties were tumor (67 cases, 26.6%), vascular (54 cases, 21.4%), infection (23 cases, 9.1%), and trauma (23 cases, 9.1%). Perioperative complications was the most common litigation category (96 cases, 38.1%), followed by delayed treatment (40 cases, 15.9%), failure to diagnose (38 cases, 15.1%), and incorrect choice of procedure (29 cases, 11.5%). The states with most claims were New York (40 cases, 15.9%), California (24 cases, 9.5%), Florida (21 cases, 8.3%), and Pennsylvania (20 cases, 7.9%).

CONCLUSION:

Although a stable number of cases were won by neurosurgeons, an increase in award sizes was observed in the 37-year period assessed. Perioperative complications and delayed treatment/diagnosis were key drivers of malpractice claims.
Combined Petrosal Intertentorial Approach: A Cadaveric Study of Comparison With the Standard Combined Petrosectomy
Authors: Giammattei Lorenzo , Peters David , Cadas Hugues , Fava Arianna , Schranz Sami , George Mercy , Sabatasso Sara , Messerer Mahmoud , Starnoni Daniele , Daniel Roy T.
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The combined petrosal intertentorial approach (CPIA) has been proposed as an alternative to standard combined petrosal approach (SCPA). CPIA has been designed to maintain integrity of the temporal dura with a view to reduce temporal lobe morbidity and venous complications. This study has been designed to perform a quantitative comparison between these approaches.

METHODS:

Five human specimens were used for this study. CPIA was performed on one side and SCPA on the opposite side. The area of exposure (petroclival and brainstem), surgical freedom, and angles of attack to a predefined target were measured and compared.

RESULTS:

SCPA provided a significantly larger petroclival area of exposure (6.81 ± 0.60 cm2) over the CPIA (5.59 ± 0.59 cm2), P = .012. The area of brainstem exposed with SCPA was greater than with CPIA (7.17 ± 0.84 vs 5.63 ± 0.72, P = .014). The area of surgical freedom was greater in SCPA rather than in CPIA (8.59 ± 0.55 and 7.13 ± 0.96 cm2, respectively, P = .019). There was no significative difference between CPIA and SCPA in the vertical angles of attack for the Meckel cave, Dorello canal, and root entry zone of cranial nerve VII. Conversely, the horizontal angles of attack permitted by the CPIA were significantly smaller for the Meckel cave (52.36° ± 5.01° vs 64.4° ± 5.3°, P = .006) and root entry zone of cranial nerve VII (30.7° ± 4.4° vs 40.1° ± 6.2°, P = .025).

CONCLUSION:

CPIA is associated with a reduction in terms of the area of surgical freedom (22%), skull base (18%), brainstem exposure (17%), and horizontal angles of attack (18%-23%) when compared with SCPA. This loss in terms of exposure is counterbalanced by the advantage of keeping the temporal lobe covered by an extra layer of meningeal tissue, thus possibly reducing the risk of temporal lobe injury and venous infarction. These results need to be validated with adequate clinical experience.
Biological and therapeutic insights from animal modeling of fusion-driven pediatric soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Kucinski Jack P. , Calderon Delia , Kendall Genevieve C.
Published: June 2024

Survival for children with cancer has primarily improved over the past decades due to refinements in surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Although these general therapies are sometimes curative, the cancer often recurs, resulting in poor outcomes for patients. Fusion-driven pediatric soft tissue sarcomas are genetically defined by chromosomal translocations that create a chimeric oncogene. This distinctive, almost ‘monogenic’, genetic feature supports the generation of animal models to study the respective diseases in vivo. This Review focuses on a subset of fusion-driven pediatric soft tissue sarcomas that have transgenic animal tumor models, which includes fusion-positive and infantile rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma and clear cell sarcoma. Studies using the animal models of these sarcomas have highlighted that pediatric cancers require a specific cellular state or developmental stage to drive tumorigenesis, as the fusion oncogenes cause different outcomes depending on their lineage and timing of expression. Therefore, understanding these context-specific activities could identify targetable activities and mechanisms critical for tumorigenesis. Broadly, these cancers show dependencies on chromatin regulators to support oncogenic gene expression and co-opting of developmental pathways. Comparative analyses across lineages and tumor models will further provide biological and therapeutic insights to improve outcomes for these children.
Aprendendo a curva de juros brasileira
Authors: Faria Luis Giovanni
Published: June 2024

Este trabalho visa implementar e analisar a proposta não paramétrica de regressão ridge por kernel (KR) desenvolvida em Filipovic, Pelger e Ye (2022) para a construção da estrutura a termo das taxas de juros (ETTJ) a partir de títulos públicos federais brasileiros. Em particular, investiga-se a viabilidade da utilização deste modelo com base na comparação com outros modelos paramétricos sob o ponto de vista de usabilidade, precisão e robustez. Para efeito de comparação, construímos as curvas de juros históricas não apenas para o modelo KR, usando as próprias rotinas de Filipovic et al (2022), mas também para o modelo de referência da ANBIMA baseado em Svensson (1994). Seguindo a orientação em Gilli, Große e Schumann (2010), implementamos a otimização paramétrica do modelo fatorial de Svensson (1994) a partir do algoritmo genético de Evolução Diferencial de Storn e Price (1997).
Influence of ionospheric resonators on daily dynamics of the first Schumann resonance spectral parameters according to data from a meridional chain of ULF magnetometers
Authors: Ermakova Elena , Ryabov Alexsandr
Published: June 2024

We have experimentally studied the influence of the local ionosphere, namely the ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) and the lower ionospheric resonator at altitudes 80–300 km (sub-IAR) on the amplitude and polarization of the first Schumann resonance. The study is based on spectral analysis of data from simultaneous monitoring of ULF magnetic noise components at a meridional chain of stations: high-latitude stations Barentsburg and Lovozero, mid-latitude observatory NNGU NIRFI (NL, Nizhny Novgorod Region), a low-latitude station in Israel. We have also used monitoring data from the Borok and Crete observatories. At the stations in dark conditions, significant variations were found in the spectrum of the polarization parameter ε at the frequency of the first Schumann resonance (SR). Moreover, these variations had different character at different observatories. Analysis of the daily dynamics of the parameter ε has shown that these variations are associated with the influence of local sub-IAR having different optical thickness and quality factor at these observatories. The influence of sub-IAR on polarization in the SR band was found to depend on the ratio of the boundary frequency fb (the frequency that separates the negative and positive polarization of ULF magnetic noise) to the frequency of the first SR. The IAR influence on the polarization and amplitude of magnetic fields in the frequency band of the first Schumann resonance was discovered only at the NL and Lovozero stations: a high-quality Alfvén resonator in the ionosphere above the NL station could cause the SR frequency band to change and its central frequency to shift. Analysis of low-frequency data from the observatories separated by distances of 400 km has revealed that the influence of local ionospheric resonators can lead to a difference in the amplitude characteristics of the first SR even at such distances. It has also been shown that the influence of the IAR and sub-IAR resonators on the azimuthal angle of the magnetic field vector in the frequency band of the first SR is less noticeable and can generate variations in this parameter by 10°–20°. Numerical calculations performed for the spherical waveguide model made it possible to adequately interpret the features of the daily dynamics of the parameter ε in the frequency range of the first SR.
Variability of ionospheric ionization over Eurasia according to data from a high-latitude ionosonde chain during extreme magnetic storms in 2015
Authors: Chernigovskaya Marina , Setov Artem , Ratovsky Konstantin , Kalishin Alexey , Stepanov Aleksandr
Published: June 2024

. We have examined longitudinal-temporal variations in ionospheric parameters over Eurasia by analyzing data from a chain of high-latitude ionosondes along a latitude circle ~70° N (geomagnetic latitudes 58°<Glat<65°) in the longitudinal sector 26–171° E during severe magnetic storms of solar cycle 24 in March and June 2015. To analyze the response of ionospheric ionization to geomagnetic disturbances, we have used ionosonde data on hourly average critical frequency foF2 of the ionospheric F2 layer. Strong differences were observed between common peculiarities of temporal variations in foF2 for the analyzed periods of magnetic storms, which are likely associated with the characteristic features of the seasonal and diurnal variations in the background high-latitude ionosphere of the given geographic region. During the main and early recovery phases of magnetic storms there were periods of blackouts of ionosonde radio signals. Differences in the character of the ionospheric response to geomagnetic disturbances have been noted. This is probably due to seasonal features of the probability of occurrence of the ionospheric storm positive or negative phase in different seasons of the year. The trends of increasing ionospheric ionization over the vast region of Eastern, Western Siberia and Europe after the end of the extreme magnetic storm in March 2015, according to measurements from the chain of high-latitude ionosondes, may be associated with the formation of an area of increased [O]/[N₂] ratio over this territory. Such an increase in ionospheric ionization exceeding the background level of foF2 values can be considered as a clear manifestation of the after-effect of magnetic storms.
„Dobry nauczyciel”. Szkic o koncepcji badań pedeutologicznych Jadwigi Zaleskiej (1900–1993)
Authors: Szulakiewicz Władysława
Published: June 2024

Artykuł wpisuje się w obszar badań pedeutologii historycznej. Celem prezentowanego tekstu jest rekonstrukcja koncepcji pedeutologicznej pt. Dobry nauczyciel w świetle wypowiedzi młodzieży szkolnej, autorstwa Jadwigi Zaleskiej. Projekt powstał na seminarium pedagogicznym Kazimierza Sośnickiego. Głównym przedmiotem badań jest problem charakterystyki dobrego nauczyciela, poszukiwanie jego cech i uwarunkowań działalności pedagogicznej. Zasadniczą metodą badań była analiza historyczno-pedagogiczna źródeł archiwalnych i drukowanych wskazanego przedmiotu badań. W pierwszej części tekstu nakreślona została krótka biografia Jadwigi Zaleskiej, w tym jej droga edukacyjna oraz studia pedagogiczne w Uniwersytecie Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Podano też informacje o jej działalności pedagogicznej. W części drugiej ukazano metodologiczne założenia badań na temat „dobrego nauczyciela” w ujęciu Jadwigi Zalewskiej oraz ich wyniki, które posłużyły do stworzenia profilu dobrego nauczyciela. Z badań tych wyłoniła się wizja nauczyciela postrzeganego głównie w perspektywie normatywnej. W uwagach końcowych wskazano na aktualność założeń projektu Jadwigi Zaleskiej poświęconego poszukiwaniu charakterystyki dobrego nauczyciela oraz poprawność metodologiczną jego realizacji.
Challenges in next parliament
Authors: Hayes Derren
Published: June 2024

Two senior politicians set out the key children's services issues the next government must tackle
Making Children's Services Leadership More Diverse
Authors: Crown Hannah
Published: June 2024

People from black, Asian and minoritised backgrounds are under-represented in children's services management. Hannah Crown investigates efforts to boost diversity in leadership roles across the sector
Writing behind Bars: The Fandom That Queers Our Political Subjectivity
Authors: Laikwan Pang
Published: June 2024

Abstract: This is an article devoted to a woman political prisoner in Hong Kong, with a focus on the relation between freedom and political subjectivity. In prison, while she, Gwyneth Ho, continues to present well-crafted and relevant social commentaries in her social media, the prisoner also writes a lot about a gay popular star. She proudly participates in this fandom even in prison, made possible by other fans diligently sending her news and gossip through regular mail. This article discusses how she expresses ideas related to belonging, love, and freedom during incarceration. She is deprived of her right to liberty, but she insists on practicing her freedom of expression, giving us a new perspective on the meanings of freedom and will. Committed to developing Hong Kong's democracy while indulging in a queer amorousness, her prison writings also loosen up the identity politics that have been so central to Hong Kong's political life thus far, also bringing us new perspectives to theorize political subjectivity.
Subcortical two-photon microscopy of hippocampal function in rodents using a removable GRIN lens
Authors: Lu Zhengyi , Shah Priya , Liu Chang , Cardenas-Rivera Alfredo , Yaseen Mohammad A.
Published: June 2024

We demonstrate subcortical measurements of microvascular hemodynamics, tissue oxygen, and neuronal activity using a GRIN lens and implanted, customized cannula. Our methods show promise for studying risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease.