bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances and Current Applications of Two-dimensional Force Sensors
Authors: Shen Ning
Published: January 2025

Multidimensional force sensors, serving as critical components of intelligent devices, have attracted considerable attention for their widespread applications across automated manufacturing, aerospace engineering, and medical technologies. The careful selection of suitable multidimensional force sensors tailored to specific force measurement scenarios is of paramount importance. Notably, two-dimensional force sensors, which enable the simultaneous detection of planar two-dimensional force components, have emerged as a prominent research focus with the ongoing expansion of low-dimensional force measurement applications. This study seeks to provide a comprehensive review of advancements in two-dimensional force sensors. Initially, it presents an in-depth analysis of the sensing mechanisms, dimensions, materials, and measurement ranges of these sensors, culminating in the identification of optimal application scenarios for each type. Furthermore, the elastomer, a pivotal determinant of sensor measurement performance, is systematically examined in terms of its configuration designs. This review also explores the applications of two-dimensional force sensors in intelligent manufacturing, aerospace, biomedical engineering, and human-computer interaction. Lastly, this paper evaluates the current state of applications to pinpoint critical technological challenges and offers insights into the future trajectories of two-dimensional force sensor development.
School Performance in Third Grade After a Full-Day vs Part-Day Preschool Program
Authors: Reynolds Arthur J. , Smerillo Nicole E. , Ou Suh-Ruu , Loveman-Brown Marley , Varshney Nishank
Published: November 2023

This study assesses whether learning gains associated with full-day preschool were sustained through third grade by analyzing achievement scores and need for remediation.
Alternative Payment Models in Pregnancy to Improve Outcomes and Advance Equity
Authors: Stone Jordan S. , Chesnokova Arina E. , Srinivas Sindhu K.
Published: November 2023

This Viewpoint reviews the state of alternative payment models (APMs) applied to pregnancy and proposes clinical and policy objectives that could guide model design going forward.
Medicare Part D Payments for Generic Imatinib From 2017 to 2023
Authors: Dusetzina Stacie B.
Published: November 2023

This cross-sectional study compares pharmacy acquisition costs and point-of-sale prices for generic imatinib under Medicare Part D from 2017 to 2023.
Social Determinants of Health and Cardiologist Involvement in the Care of Adults Hospitalized for Heart Failure
Authors: Zhang David T. , Onyebeke Chukwuma , Nahid Musarrat , Balkan Lauren , Musse Mahad , Pinheiro Laura C. , Sterling Madeline R. , Durant Raegan W. , Brown Todd M. , Levitan Emily B. , Safford Monika M. , Goyal Parag
Published: November 2023

Importance

Involvement of a cardiologist in the care of adults during a hospitalization for heart failure (HF) is associated with reduced rates of in-hospital mortality and hospital readmission. However, not all patients see a cardiologist when they are hospitalized for HF.

Objective

To determine whether social determinants of health (SDOH) are associated with cardiologist involvement in the management of adults hospitalized for HF.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used data from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Difference in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. Participants included adults who experienced an adjudicated hospitalization for HF between 2009 and 2017 in all 48 contiguous states in the US. Data analysis was performed from November 2022 to January 2023.

Exposures

A total of 9 candidate SDOH, aligned with the Healthy People 2030 conceptual model, were examined: Black race, social isolation, social network and/or caregiver availability, educational attainment less than high school, annual household income less than $35 000, living in rural area, living in a zip code with high poverty, living in a Health Professional Shortage Area, and living in a state with poor public health infrastructure.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was cardiologist involvement, defined as involvement of a cardiologist as the primary responsible clinician or as a consultant. Bivariate associations between each SDOH and cardiologist involvement were examined using Poisson regression with robust SEs.

Results

The study included 1000 participants (median [IQR] age, 77.8 [71.5-84.0] years; 479 women [47.9%]; 414 Black individuals [41.4%]; and 492 of 876 with low income [56.2%]) hospitalized at 549 unique US hospitals. Low annual household income (<$35 000) was the only SDOH with a statistically significant association with cardiologist involvement (relative risk, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82-0.95). In a multivariable analysis adjusting for age, race, sex, HF characteristics, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics, low income remained inversely associated with cardiologist involvement (relative risk, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.97).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found that adults with low household income were 11% less likely than adults with higher incomes to have a cardiologist involved in their care during a hospitalization for HF. These findings suggest that socioeconomic status may bias the care provided to patients hospitalized for HF.
Late small bowel perforation from a migrated double plastic biliary stent: A case report and a review of literature of 85 cases from 2000 to 2022
Authors: Alkhawaldeh Ibraheem M. , Shattarah Osama , AlSamhori Jehad Feras , Abu‐Jeyyab Mohammad , Nashwan Abdulqadir J.
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

This case highlights the importance of considering stent migration as a possible cause of intestinal perforation and the need for prompt surgical intervention.

Endo‐biliary stent displacement is rare but can cause intestinal perforation. An 85‐year‐old woman with a history of ERCPs and biliary stents experienced stomach pain and vomiting. She was diagnosed with small bowel perforation from migrated stents and underwent emergency laparotomy, bowel resection, and tension‐free stapled anastomosis.
Acute thrombus formation on the delivery sheath during left atrial appendage occlusion: Case reports with placement of cerebral protection devices
Authors: Yu Yangyang , Du Fang , Zhao Feng , Hu Hao
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Acute thrombus formation on the delivery sheath is rare condition during percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion. We presented two cases that transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed a floating thrombus attached to the tip of delivery sheath during the procedure. Cerebral embolic protection devices were used to prevent neurological events after thrombus was detected. The neurological function was not impaired post‐procedure.
A gigantic iliopsoas abscess in a patient with Alexander's disease
Authors: Tsukamoto Masatsugu , Morimoto Tadatsugu , Kobayashi Takaomi , Hirata Hirohito , Yoshihara Tomohito , Mawatari Masaaki
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis of iliopsoas abscess in patients with communication difficulties and appropriate treatment to prevent further complications.

We report a case in which the detection of an iliopsoas abscess was delayed due to difficulty in communication but was successfully treated with percutaneous drainage. A 70‐year‐old man with a 38–39°C fever and 5.69 mg/dL C‐reactive protein. Adult‐onset Alexander's illness, affected his swallowing, speech, coordination, and motor function. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a big iliopsoas abscess. Antibacterial treatment followed percutaneous draining. Drainage reduced temperature and inflammation. Four months later, the iliopsoas abscess returned, the second drainage eliminated recurrence. Difficulty in communicating was a contributing factor to the delayed diagnosis of a giant iliopsoas abscess. In the treatment of such patients, percutaneous drainage seems effective as an initial therapy.
Lysozyme‐induced nephropathy due to systemic granulomatous disease
Authors: Ashraf Hamza , Uczkowski Dariusz , Stuart Matthew
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Lysozyme‐induced nephropathy is a rare form of acute tubular injury that has almost exclusively been reported in patients with monocytic malignancies. Typically, patients will present in acute renal failure A renal biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis and will demonstrate proximal tubular cells with hypereosinophilic granules, which are periodic acid‐Schiff and Jones methenamine silver‐positive. Immunohistochemical staining for lysozyme will also be present. The following rare case will describe a case of lysozyme nephropathy in a patient without any underlying hematological malignancy, but instead with systemic granulomatous disease.
Anesthetic management of airway stent placement by rigid bronchoscopy with superior laryngeal nerve block while preserving spontaneous breathing: A case report
Authors: Okada Toshio , Yoshida Mio , Matsushita Tomoko , Ishida Yusuke , Furukawa Kinya , Murozono Michihiro
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

The combination of superior laryngeal nerve block can reduce the respiratory depression that occurs during management under total intravenous anesthesia.

Anesthetic management of endobronchial stent placement by rigid bronchoscopy requires the maintenance of spontaneous breathing while suppressing upper airway reflexes. The combination of superior laryngeal nerve block (SLNB) can reduce the respiratory depression that occurs during management under total intravenous anesthesia. The patient was diagnosed as having lung cancer with invasion into the right middle bronchus and stenosis of the right main bronchus on chest computed tomography, and emergency airway stent placement was performed. Sedation was initiated with propofol and dexmedetomidine, and ultrasound‐guided SLNB was performed after local anesthetic spraying into the oral cavity and trachea. Bucking was minimally controlled during insertion of the rigid bronchoscope. The patient's intraoperative hemodynamics remained stable, and there were no hypoxic events. SLNB can provide the suppression of the upper airway reflex while minimizing effects on spontaneous breathing, and may be useful for achieving balanced anesthesia during rigid bronchoscopy.
Carbon nanotube/castor oil‐based waterborne polyurethane films with gradient structure for absorption‐dominated electromagnetic interference shielding and Joule heating
Authors: Qian Qiuhua , Cai Yifan , Zhan Yanhu , Wei Zijian , Hu Xuxu , Meng Yanyan , Pan Na , Xia Hesheng
Published: November 2023

Conductive polymer composites are highly demanded for practical application in electromagnetic interference shielding and Joule heating owing to their excellent flexibility and adjustable conductivity. Herein, a thin film with a gradient structure, comprising carbon nanotube/castor oil‐based waterborne polyurethane (CNT/WPU), has been fabricated through solution mixing utilizing casting technology. Scanning electron microscopy images confirm that CNTs are enriched at the top of the obtained CNT/WPU film, leading to a low resistance value. Consequently, the resultant gradient CNT/WPU films exhibit shielding effectiveness, specific shielding effectiveness, and an absorption coefficient of 22.8 dB, 1091 dB/cm, and 0.697, respectively, indicating a predominance of absorption in the shielding capacity. The temperature at the surface of the resultant gradient CNT/WPU film reaches ~77°C at a voltage of 20 V. The film with a CNT content of 14.1 wt% exhibits a good stress of 11.7 MPa and a high module of 39.9 MPa. Therefore, the obtained CNT/WPU films can be applied as thin shielding materials or coating.

Highlights

Fabricating a gradient CNT/castor oil–based waterborne polyurethane films.

Exhibiting shielding effectiveness of 22.8 dB and A‐value of 0.697.

Steady‐state temperature of CNT/WPU reaches 77°C at 20 V.

Possessing green EMI shielding capability.
Chemical structure–property relationships in nanocelluloses
Authors: Pitcher Mica L. , Koshani Roya , Sheikhi Amir
Published: November 2023

Nanocelluloses, nanoscale cellulosic particles or fibrils, are an appealing class of nanomaterials with enormous potential for sustainable development. They have great promise to target some of the17 Sustainable Development Goalsoutlined by the United Nations. Nanocelluloses are derived from the most abundant biopolymer in the world, cellulose, which have multiple hydroxyl groups on their surface, enabling a vast range of chemical modifications. The interplay between the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of nanocelluloses is crucial to engineering the next generation of green, functional nanomaterials. In this review paper, we provide a comprehensive account of the structure–property relationships in nanocelluloses, which may establish the basis for the design of precision bio‐based materials. Chemical modifications of nanocelluloses, including hydrolysis, oxidation, esterification, amidation, and polymer grafting, provide an array of chemical and physical properties that open opportunities in a diverse spectrum of applications. We review how chemical modifications affect the physicochemical properties of nanocelluloses, such as thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and dispersibility in nonpolar media. Understanding nanocellulose chemical structure–property relationships is integral to the development of sustainable material platforms based on the most renewable biopolymer on earth.
Treatment and recycling of spent lithium-based batteries: a review
Authors: Al-Asheh Sameer , Aidan Ahmad , Allawi Teeba , Hammoud Fatma , Al Ali Humaid , Al Khamiri Maha
Published: November 2023

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have a wide range of applications from electronic products to electric mobility and space exploration rovers. This results in an increase in the demand for LIBs, driven primarily by the growth in the number of electric vehicles (EVs). This growing demand will eventually lead to large amounts of waste LIBs dumped into landfills which can cause serious environmental problems. To reduce this environmental impact, the need for efficient recycling technology emerges. Furthermore, it has been proven that recycling waste LIBs consume less material and energy than producing new ones from virgin materials. Therefore, this paper aims to review different recycling technologies including hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, direct recycling, and precise separation. The review concludes that hydrometallurgy might be the most efficient method of recycling waste LIBs on an industrial scale.
Bringing order into the realm of Transformer-based language models for artificial intelligence and law
Authors: Greco Candida M. , Tagarelli Andrea
Published: November 2023

Transformer-based language models (TLMs) have widely been recognized to be a cutting-edge technology for the successful development of deep-learning-based solutions to problems and applications that require natural language processing and understanding. Like for other textual domains, TLMs have indeed pushed the state-of-the-art of AI approaches for many tasks of interest in the legal domain. Despite the first Transformer model being proposed about six years ago, there has been a rapid progress of this technology at an unprecedented rate, whereby BERT and related models represent a major reference, also in the legal domain. This article provides the first systematic overview of TLM-based methods for AI-driven problems and tasks in the legal sphere. A major goal is to highlight research advances in this field so as to understand, on the one hand, how the Transformers have contributed to the success of AI in supporting legal processes, and on the other hand, what are the current limitations and opportunities for further research development.
Customary light-gauge steel framing construction with flat strap bracing: seismicity limits for low to mid-rise buildings in Europe
Authors: Navarro Jordi , Casafont Miquel , Bové Oriol , Bonada Jordi , López-Almansa Francisco
Published: November 2023

Ordinary (customary) light gauge steel framing is a convenient construction technology; however, given the studs low axial capacity, it has been considered mainly for low-rise buildings in low seismicity regions. This paper investigates the boundaries of application of this type of steel framing (in moderate and high seismicity areas) by designing the structures of three representative 5, 7 and 10-storey buildings in order to examine their feasibility. The necessity of using built-up columns consisting of two or more sections is investigated. The axial capacity of studs is estimated by code-type analyses. The critical buckling stress is determined with well-known closed-form expressions; as they do not contemplate the flexibility of the screwed connections (in built-up sections), the obtained results are complemented with those of the finite strip method and generalized beam theory formulations.
The Reading Everyday Emotion Database (REED): a set of audio-visual recordings of emotions in music and language
Authors: Ong Jia Hoong , Leung Florence Yik Nam , Liu Fang
Published: November 2023

Most audio-visual (AV) emotion databases consist of clips that do not reflect real-life emotion processing (e.g., professional actors in bright studio-like environment), contain only spoken clips, and none have sung clips that express complex emotions. Here, we introduce a new AV database, the Reading Everyday Emotion Database (REED), which directly addresses those gaps. We recorded the faces of everyday adults with a diverse range of acting experience expressing 13 emotions—neutral, the six basic emotions (angry, disgusted, fearful, happy, sad, surprised), and six complex emotions (embarrassed, hopeful, jealous, proud, sarcastic, stressed)—in two auditory domains (spoken and sung) using everyday recording devices (e.g., laptops, mobile phones, etc.). The recordings were validated by an independent group of raters. We found that: intensity ratings of the recordings were positively associated with recognition accuracy; and the basic emotions, as well as the Neutral and Sarcastic emotions, were recognised more accurately than the other complex emotions. Emotion recognition accuracy also differed by utterance. Exploratory analysis revealed that recordings of those with drama experience were better recognised than those without. Overall, this database will benefit those who need AV clips with natural variations in both emotion expressions and recording environment.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Mining and urbanization affect river chemical water quality and macroinvertebrate communities in the upper Selenga River Basin, Mongolia
Authors: Narangarvuu Dashdondog , Enkhdul Tuuguu , Erdenetsetseg Erdenesukh , Enkhrii-Ujin Enkhbat , Irmuunzaya Khurtsbaatar , Batbayar Gunsmaa , Oyundelger Khurelpurev , Yam Rita Sau-Wai , Pfeiffer Martin
Published: November 2023

Mongolia is a country with a quickly growing economy mainly based on mining of gold, copper, coal, and other minerals. Mining, urbanization, and agriculture impact the water quality in the upper Selenga River Basin in northern Mongolia, which is the center of the Mongolian economy. Previous measurements of pollution loads were alarming, but restricted to chemical measurements. Here, for the first time, we combine freshwater biomonitoring and laboratory water quality data across a broad gradient of water quality and land use intensity. We track the effects of different types of pollution on aquatic invertebrates and test their use as bioindicators. We collected water samples, environmental parameters, and macroinvertebrates at 36 sampling sites at the rivers of Tuul, Kharaa, and Orkhon and their tributaries Sugnugur, Boroo, Sharyn Gol, Gatsuurt, and Yeröö. PCA of catchment water quality distinguished three groups of pollutants prevalent at the sites: (1) nutrients, (2) saline components (Cl-, Na +, Mg2+, SO42-, Ca2+) and mining by-products (B, Sr, U, Mo), and (3) (heavy) metals, which often exceeded regulatory standards. We recorded a total of 59 macroinvertebrate taxa belonging to 32 families in seven insect orders plus Amphipoda and Gastropoda. Species diversity declined with higher impact. Five environmental factors structured macroinvertebrate community composition in RDA: elevation of sample location, site total nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, and water chemistry. We conclude that macroinvertebrate communities are an appropriate and inexpensive tool for monitoring water quality in Mongolia and suggest government action to establish a long-term monitoring program.
Monitoring of water quality with HPLSEC and fluorescence method in the ozonated recirculating aquaculture system
Authors: Pettersson Samu , Ignatev Alexey , Lindholm-Lehto Petra , Tuhkanen Tuula
Published: November 2023

In recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), it is important to monitor the water quality to keep the fish healthy. Especially in water treatment with oxidizing agents, for example, ozone (O3) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the monitoring of the quality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water is advisable to keep track of the treatment’s effect. Previously in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) studied, HPLSEC and fluorescence method for monitoring and characterization of organic matter was used here to track the effect of oxidative treatments; 5 duplicated treatments (2 × O3, 1 × O3 + H2O2, 1 × H2O2, 1 × control) were performed for four months with weekly samplings. Systems that contained O3 injection reduced fluorescence on average over 90%, except tyrosine-like fluorescence with removal of 80%. Combined O3 + H2O2 treatment did not bring any advantages over pure O3 treatment, and H2O2 had no significant effect on fluorescence. Humic and fulvic compounds were detected to largely be derived from inlet lake water, while large protein-like structures were mostly created in RAS. A peak of benzoic acid-like molecules was also detected in all RAS waters. Treatments did not change the molecular weight profile of DOM systems and inlet water, having most of their fluorescence coming from medium-sized (108–1322 Da) molecules. DOC was lower in O3 treatments, but the linear connection between DOC and fluorescence was not observed, although this was proposed in earlier studies. Most likely, the oxidizing treatments induce change to DOM in a way that such comparison becomes inaccurate, although this must be studied further in the future.
The armored catfish Corydoras aeneus shapes the meiofaunal community due to predation and disturbance-induced water column dispersal
Authors: Wulfes Ronja , Traunspurger Walter , Ptatscheck Christoph
Published: November 2023

Bottom-feeding fish can exert strong top-down pressure on benthic invertebrates while also causing mechanical disturbance of the sediment. In our laboratory study, we investigated the influence of predation and disturbance-induced water column emigration on meiofauna, triggered by the armored catfish Corydoras aeneus. We hypothesized that both factors would significantly reduce the abundance of meiofauna, depending on their body size. Accordingly, we also expected a change in the nematode community structure. After 24 h, the abundances of nematodes, tardigrades, hydracarina, copepods and oligochaetes were significantly lower than in control aquariums without fish, in the latter two groups primarily due to predation. All other taxa were equally affected by predation and emigration. Within the nematodes, mainly large individuals (≥ 1 mm) were consumed, while smaller worms (< 1 mm) were increasingly dispersed. This, though it did not reduce species numbers, resulted in altered size and species composition. Our results show that the real top-down effects can quickly be overestimated as emigration of prey is overlooked and, on the other hand, that fish may also influence adjacent, undisturbed areas due to subsequent immigration of meiofauna.
A review on the recent applications of synthetic biopolymers in 3D printing for biomedical applications
Authors: S Shiva , R G Asuwin Prabu , Bajaj Gauri , John Amy Elsa , Chandran Sharan , Kumar Vishnu Vijay , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: November 2023

3D printing technology is an emerging method that gained extensive attention from researchers worldwide, especially in the health and medical fields. Biopolymers are an emerging class of materials offering excellent properties and flexibility for additive manufacturing. Biopolymers are widely used in biomedical applications in biosensing, immunotherapy, drug delivery, tissue engineering and regeneration, implants, and medical devices. Various biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymeric materials are considered as bio-ink for 3d printing. Here, we offer an extensive literature review on the current applications of synthetic biopolymers in the field of 3D printing. A trend in the publication of biopolymers in the last 10 years are focused on the review by analyzing more than 100 publications. Their application and classification based on biodegradability are discussed. The various studies, along with their practical applications, are elaborated in the subsequent sections for polyethylene, polypropylene, polycaprolactone, polylactide, etc. for biomedical applications. The disadvantages of various biopolymers are discussed, and future perspectives like combating biocompatibility problems using 3D printed biomaterials to build compatible prosthetics are also discussed and the potential application of using resin with the combination of biopolymers to build customized implants, personalized drug delivery systems and organ on a chip technologies are expected to open a new set of chances for the development of healthcare and regenerative medicine in the future.

Graphical Abstract
Unveiling Adolescent Suicidality: Holistic Analysis of Protective and Risk Factors Using Multiple Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Haghish E. F. , Nes Ragnhild Bang , Obaidi Milan , Qin Ping , Stänicke Line Indrevoll , Bekkhus Mona , Laeng Bruno , Czajkowski Nikolai
Published: November 2023

Adolescent suicide attempts are on the rise, presenting a significant public health concern. Recent research aimed at improving risk assessment for adolescent suicide attempts has turned to machine learning. But no studies to date have examined the performance of stacked ensemble algorithms, which are more suitable for low-prevalence conditions. The existing machine learning-based research also lacks population-representative samples, overlooks protective factors and their interplay with risk factors, and neglects established theories on suicidal behavior in favor of purely algorithmic risk estimation. The present study overcomes these shortcomings by comparing the performance of a stacked ensemble algorithm with a diverse set of algorithms, performing a holistic item analysis to identify both risk and protective factors on a comprehensive data, and addressing the compatibility of these factors with two competing theories of suicide, namely, The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide and The Strain Theory of Suicide. A population-representative dataset of 173,664 Norwegian adolescents aged 13 to 18 years (mean = 15.14, SD = 1.58, 50.5% female) with a 4.65% rate of reported suicide attempt during the past 12 months was analyzed. Five machine learning algorithms were trained for suicide attempt risk assessment. The stacked ensemble model significantly outperformed other algorithms, achieving equal sensitivity and a specificity of 90.1%, AUC of 96.4%, and AUCPR of 67.5%. All algorithms found recent self-harm to be the most important indicator of adolescent suicide attempt. Exploratory factor analysis suggested five additional risk domains, which we labeled internalizing problems, sleep disturbance, disordered eating, lack of optimism regarding future education and career, and victimization. The identified factors provided stronger support for The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide than for The Strain Theory of Suicide. An enhancement to The Interpersonal Theory based on the risk and protective factors identified by holistic item analysis is presented.
Safe Babies, Safe Moms: A Multifaceted, Trauma Informed Care Initiative
Authors: Patchen Loral , McCullers Asli , Beach Charmain , Browning Melanie , Porter Shy , Danielson Aimee , Asegieme Evelyn , Richardson S. Roxana , Jost Ali , Jensen Caitlin Schille , Ahmed Naheed
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This report describes a multifaceted, trauma-informed initiative developed to address racial/ethnic maternal and infant health inequities in Washington, D.C.

Description

Structural racism and systemic oppression of marginalized communities have played a critical role in maternal and infant health inequities in the United States. Black birthing individuals are exponentially more likely to experience adverse birth outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight and maternal mortality. In response to these statistics, the Safe Babies Safe Moms (SBSM) initiative was developed to support patients of marginalized identities and improve health outcomes. SBSM Women’s and Infants’ Services Specialty Care (WIS-SC) is one component of this initiative focused on perinatal services.

Assessment

SBSM WIS-SC includes trauma-informed clinical services, nurse navigation, lactation, diabetes and nutrition education, social work services, medical-legal services, and behavioral health support. Services are delivered by a multidisciplinary team trained on the following domains: (1) building connection within diverse care teams; (2) recognizing systemic barriers to trauma-informed approaches; (3) learning the brain science of implicit bias, trauma, and resilience; (4) Integrating self-care practices; and (5) acknowledging progress. Since the inception of the program, SBSM WIS-SC has served over 1500 patients.

Conclusion

The SBSM WIS-SC intervention reflects a patient-centered approach to care, offering the multidisciplinary services required for perinatal patients with complex medical, psychosocial, and legal needs. Trauma informed training and team building is foundational to successful service delivery to address these multifaceted health needs of historically marginalized perinatal populations nationwide.
How to Enhance Time Wealth? Insights from Changes in Time Use and Working Conditions During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Germany
Authors: Gerold Stefanie , Buhl Johannes , Geiger Sonja M.
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates the changes in time use, working conditions and subjective time wealth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Our analysis draws on panel data collected before and during the first lockdown among 786 employees. It employs a recently developed scale on time wealth which has been suggested as a comprehensive measure to capture the subjective experience of time. We provide separate analyses according to gender and essential occupation. First-difference regressions are applied to examine how changes in time use and changes in working conditions during the lockdown affected subjective time wealth. Our results show a general growth in time wealth during the lockdown which is, among other factors, driven by a decline in work hours and an increase in sleep duration. We also find positive effects on time wealth from decreased time pressure at work, more autonomy in organising one’s working day, and an improved reconciliation of work and private life. This study contributes to existing research by identifying key aspects how to improve time wealth among employees.
Ultrafast magnetization enhancement and spin current injection in magnetic multilayers by exciting the nonmagnetic metal
Authors: Lu Wen-Tian , Yuan Zhe , Xu Xiaohong
Published: November 2023

A systematic investigation of spin injection behavior in Au/FM (FM = Fe and Ni) multilayers is performed using the superdiffusive spin transport theory. By exciting the nonmagnetic layer, the laser-induced hot electrons may transfer spin angular momentum into the adjacent ferromagnetic (FM) metals resulting in ultrafast demagnetization or enhancement. We find that these experimental phenomena sensitively depend on the particular interface reflectivity of hot electrons and may reconcile the different observations in the experiment. Stimulated by the ultrafast spin currents carried by the hot electrons, we propose the multilayer structures to generate highly spin-polarized currents for the development of future ultrafast spintronics devices. The spin polarization of the electric currents carried by the hot electrons can be significantly enhanced by the joint effects of bulk and interfacial spin filtering. Meanwhile, the intensity of the generated spin current can be optimized by varying the number of repeated stacking units and the thickness of each metallic layer.
Stereotype Threat and Gender Bias in Internal Medicine Residency: It is Still Hard to be in Charge
Authors: Frank Annabel K. , Lin Jackie J. , Warren Sophia Bellin , Bullock Justin L. , O’Sullivan Patricia , Malishchak Lauren E. , Berman Rebecca A. , Yialamas Maria A. , Hauer Karen E.
Published: November 2023

Background

Despite similar numbers of women and men in internal medicine (IM) residency, women face unique challenges. Stereotype threat is hypothesized to contribute to underrepresentation of women in academic leadership, and exploring how it manifests in residency may provide insight into forces that perpetuate gender disparities.

Objective

To quantify the prevalence of stereotype threat in IM residency and explore experiences contributing to that stereotype threat.

Design

We used a mixed methods study design. First, we surveyed IM residents using the Stereotype Vulnerability Scale (SVS) to screen for stereotype threat. Second, we conducted focus groups with women who scored high on the SVS to understand experiences that led to stereotype threat.

Participants

The survey was sent to all IM residents at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), in September–November 2019. Focus groups were conducted at UCSF in Spring 2020.

Approach

The survey included an adapted version of the SVS. For focus groups, we developed a focus group guide informed by literature on stereotype threat. We used a thematic approach to data analysis. The mixed methods design enabled us to draw metainferences by integrating the two data sources.

Key Results

Survey response rate was 61% (110/181). Women were significantly more likely than men to have a score indicating stereotype threat vulnerability (77% vs 0%, p < 0.001). Four themes from focus groups characterized women’s experiences of gender bias and stereotype threat: gender norm tension, microaggressions and sexual harassment, authority questioned, and support and allyship.

Conclusions

Gender-based stereotype threat is highly prevalent among women IM residents. This phenomenon poses a threat to confidence and ability to execute patient care responsibilities, detracting from well-being and professional development. These findings indicate that, despite robust representation of women in IM training, further attention is needed to address gendered experiences and contributors to women’s vulnerability to stereotype threat.
On the Impact of Mechanics on Electrochemistry of Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Verma Ankit , Singh Avtar , Colclasure Andrew
Published: November 2023

Models exploring electrochemistry-mechanics coupling in liquid electrolyte lithium-ion battery anodes have traditionally incorporated stress impact on thermodynamics, bulk diffusive transport, and fracture, while stress-kinetics coupling is more explored in the context of all solid-state batteries. Here, we showcase the existence of strong link between active particle surface pressure and reaction kinetics affecting performance even in liquid electrolyte systems. Traction-free and immobile particle surface mechanical boundary conditions are used to delineate the varying pressure magnitudes in graphite host during cycling. Both tensile and compressive stresses are generated in traction-free case, while a fixed surface subjects the entire particle to a compression state. Pressure magnitudes are nearly two to three orders of magnitude higher for the latter resulting in significant depression of open circuit potential and improvement of exchange current densities compared to stress-free state. The results demonstrate the need for incorporating stress-kinetics linkage in models and provide a rationale for putting battery electrodes under compression to improve kinetics.
Postmortem histological freeze–thaw artifacts: a case report of a frozen infant and literature review
Authors: Giovannini Elena , Bonasoni Maria Paola , Bardaro Marcellino , Russello Giuseppe , Carretto Edoardo , Zerbini Alessandro , Gargano Giancarlo , Pelotti Susi
Published: November 2023

Freezing and thawing have the potential to alter the gross and histologic appearance of tissues, causing damage to individual cells and disrupting the overall architecture. In forensic investigations, freezing and thawing can play a crucial role in cases of unknown cause of death. Perpetrators may use freezing preservation to conceal the body or obscure the time of death. Freezing can also occur naturally when a body is exposed to the elements, sometimes even leading to death itself. We present a case report involving an autopsy performed on an infant, who died of natural causes, after undergoing freezing and thawing. The objective of this study was to identify and discuss the histological artifacts observed in different tissues as a result of the freeze–thaw process. Histologically, the infant’s tissues exhibited the most common features described in the literature. Ice crystal artifacts, characterized by expansion of the extracellular space and tissue clefts, were found in the heart, brain, liver, lungs, and kidneys. On the contrary, adipose tissue was not affected, likely due to the scarcity of water. Freeze–thaw artifacts should be taken into account whether a body is known to have been frozen or to add further data if found already defrosted.
Should Sociology be Normative?
Authors: Hammersley Martyn
Published: November 2023

This article critically examines recent arguments by Andrew Abbott, Jensen Sass, and Tariq Modood proposing a normative sociology, one that not only adopts an evaluative stance towards the phenomena it investigates, but also makes explicit and seeks to justify the values on which its evaluations rely. I argue that, while these proposals are to be welcomed in some respects, they fail to address two key issues: On what reasonable basis can it be assumed that there are single correct answers to value questions?; and What distinctive intellectual authority can sociologists claim to be able to discover those answers? I also point out that these recent advocates for a normative sociology pay insufficient attention to the opposing position, a commitment to ‘value-neutrality’, as proposed most notably by Max Weber. I argue that, while this is frequently ignored or dismissed out of hand, it represents a much more coherent and cogent view, even if its advocates have rarely fully lived up to its demands.
Use of the Internet Archive to Preserve the Constituency of Journal Editorial Boards
Authors: Nazarovets Maryna , Teixeira da Silva Jaime A.
Published: November 2023

Knowledge pertaining to scholarly publishing is not limited to information held within academic papers, and within a complex publishing environment that is in constant flux due to challenges and threats, there is interest in knowing how journals are adjusting to these parameters. The Internet Archive is a free and easy way to archive information that is found on websites. We recently argued for its use in the archival of website-based citations, and expand those arguments herein to focus on the importance to archive journal editorial boards, for three reasons: first, journals might not have any formal mechanisms to register changes in the editorial constitution of the board; second, there is historical importance in appreciating changes to editorial board constituency, including changes to gender representation; and third, changes might be made opaquely to hide or masquerade information that is intricately linked to the historical aspect of that journal. Our interest is thus not only within a historical prism, but also from a bibliometric point of view, given that the editorial board defines—to some extent—the journal’s content by serving as its gatekeepers of quality. We attempted to archive the editorial board pages of 46 journal editorial board URLs, achieving 100% mementos.
Characteristics of Young People Reporting a Low Sexual Desire in Switzerland
Authors: Chok Lorraine , Suris Joan-Carles , Barrense-Dias Yara
Published: November 2023

This study explores the characteristics of young female and male adults (mean age 26.3 years) reporting a low sexual desire. A 2017 Swiss national survey was carried out among young adults. Participants were divided into two groups based on their level of sexual desire: Low and High. Overall, 17.2% of females and 5.7% of males reported a low sexual desire. At the multivariate level, compared to females in the High group, females in the Low group had higher odds of being dissatisfied with their social life and with their sexual life in the past 4 weeks, having no current relationship and having accepted several times sexual intercourse without really wanting. Compared to males in the High group, males in the Low group had higher odds of reporting a non-heterosexual attraction (trend), having no current relationship and having accepted several times sexual intercourse without really wanting. The prevailing idea that young people, particularly males, always have high levels of sexual desire may not be accurate and warrants further consideration. These results show that sexual desire encompasses social aspects and underscore importance of addressing how stereotypes and social norms may influence our sexuality.
DNA methylation of GDF-9 and GHR genes as epigenetic regulator of milk production in Egyptian Zaraibi goat
Authors: Gamal Layaly , Noshy Magda M. , Aboul-Naga A. M. , Sabit Hussein , El-Shorbagy Haidan M.
Published: November 2023

Background

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that takes place at gene promoters and a potent epigenetic marker to regulate gene expression.

Objective

The study aimed to improve the milk production of Zaraibi goats by addressing the methylation pattern of two milk production-related genes: the growth hormone receptor(GHR)and the growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9).

Methods

54 and 46 samples of low and high milk yield groups, respectively, were collected. Detection of methylation was assessed in two CpG islands in the GDF-9 promoter via methylation-specific primer assay (MSP) and in one CpG island across the GHR promoter using combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA).

Results

A positive correlation between the methylation pattern of GDF-9 and GHR and their expression levels was reported. Breeding season was significantly effective on both peak milk yield (PMY) and total milk yield (TMY), where March reported a higher significant difference in PMY than November. Whereas single birth was highly significant on TMY than multiple births. The 3rd and 4th parities reported the highest significant difference in PMY, while the 4th parity was the most effective one on TMY.

Conclusion

These results may help improve the farm animals' milk productive efficiency and develop prospective epigenetic markers to improve milk yield by epigenetic marker-assisted selection (eMAS) in goat breeding programs.
Continuous Cover Forestry and Remote Sensing: A Review of Knowledge Gaps, Challenges, and Potential Directions
Authors: Stoddart Jaz , Suarez Juan , Mason William , Valbuena Ruben
Published: November 2023

Purpose of Review

Continuous cover forestry (CCF) is a sustainable management approach for forestry in which forest stands are manipulated to create irregular stand structures with varied species composition. This approach differs greatly from the traditional approaches of plantation-based forestry, in which uniform monocultures are maintained, and thus, traditional methods of assessment, such as productivity (yield class) calculations, are less applicable. This creates a need to identify new methods to succeed the old and be of use in operational forestry and research. By applying remote sensing techniques to CCF, it may be possible to identify novel solutions to the challenges introduced through the adoption of CCF.

Recent Findings

There has been a limited amount of work published on the applications of remote sensing to CCF in the last decade. Research can primarily be characterised as explorations of different methods to quantify the target state of CCF and monitor indices of stand structural complexity during transformation to CCF, using terrestrial and aerial data collection techniques.

We identify a range of challenges associated with CCF and outline the outstanding gaps within the current body of research in need of further investigation, including a need for the development of new inventory methods using remote sensing techniques. We identify methods, such as individual tree models, that could be applied to CCF from other complex, heterogenous forest systems and propose the wider adoption of remote sensing including information for interested parties to get started.
A Stable Open-Shell Conjugated Diradical Polymer with Ultra-High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency for NIR-II Photo-Immunotherapy of Metastatic Tumor
Authors: Gao Yijian , Liu Ying , Li Xiliang , Wang Hui , Yang Yuliang , Luo Yu , Wan Yingpeng , Lee Chun-sing , Li Shengliang , Zhang Xiao-Hong
Published: November 2023

Massive efforts have been concentrated on the advance of eminent near-infrared (NIR) photothermal materials (PTMs) in the NIR-II window (1000–1700 nm), especially organic PTMs because of their intrinsic biological safety compared with inorganic PTMs. However, so far, only a few NIR-II-responsive organic PTMs was explored, and their photothermal conversion efficiencies (PCEs) still remain relatively low. Herein, donor–acceptor conjugated diradical polymers with open-shell characteristics are explored for synergistically photothermal immunotherapy of metastatic tumors in the NIR-II window. By employing side-chain regulation, the conjugated diradical polymer TTB-2 with obvious NIR-II absorption was developed, and its nanoparticles realize a record-breaking PCE of 87.7% upon NIR-II light illustration. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that TTB-2 nanoparticles show good tumor photoablation with navigation of photoacoustic imaging in the NIR-II window, without any side-effect. Moreover, by combining with PD-1 antibody, the pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer is high-effectively prevented by the efficient photo-immunity effect. Thus, this study explores superior PTMs for cancer metastasis theranostics in the NIR-II window, offering a new horizon in developing radical-characteristic NIR-II photothermal materials.