bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid Fin Regeneration of Age-0 Northern Pike and Implications of Fin Clips as a Marking Protocol
Authors: Leblanc John Paul , Conklyn Anna , Farrell John M.
Published: September 2020

To better understand the reliability of fin clipping as an external mark for early-summer (<100 mm TL) age-0 Northern Pike Esox lucius, we experimentally evaluated fin regeneration following complete excision of a pelvic fin over 98 d. The Northern Pike were also marked with a unique visible implant elastomer tag to allow for repeated measures of individuals. Survival, growth, and fin regeneration were evaluated among three treatment groups to determine whether the fish that received a fin clip following anesthetic (n = 17) differed from those that were fin-clipped without anesthetic (n = 17) and unclipped control fish (n = 10). The fish were distributed proportionally by treatment group between two outdoor rearing tanks, but one of the rearing tanks experienced a mortality event from an unknown source. Consequently, the evaluations were based on the 25 surviving Northern Pike, with treatment-specific sample sizes of seven fish for both the control and nonanesthetic treatments and 11 fish from the anesthetized treatment group. Despite the mortality event in one of the two rearing tanks, survival was similar among the three treatment groups when the rearing tanks were evaluated independently and pooled rearing-tank data revealed no difference in growth rates between fin-clipped and unclipped control fish for TL and weight. By day 46, the clipped fin had regenerated to approximately 80% the length of the unclipped counterpart and by the end of the study many of the clipped fins were nearly indistinguishable from the unclipped fins. This represents the fastest age-0 esocid fin regeneration reported. The results from this study demonstrate that marking early-summer age-0 Northern Pike during the growing season with pelvic fin clips is likely inappropriate for mark–recapture studies that span beyond 3 months. The use of fin clips on age-0 Northern Pike should be restricted to shorter-term studies, or an alternative marking technique should be adopted for the reliable identification of the fish.
Prevalence of anal sphincter defects and association with anal incontinence in women scheduled for pelvic organ prolapse surgery
Authors: Mathew Seema , Guzman Rojas Rodrigo A. , Nyhus Maria Ø. , Salvesen Kjell Å. , Volløyhaug Ingrid I.
Published: September 2020

Aims

Some women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) have concomitant symptoms of anal incontinence. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of anal sphincter defects and the association with incontinence in women undergoing POP surgery.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study of 200 women scheduled for POP surgery. They answered yes/no and graded any symptoms of fecal and flatal incontinence on a visual analog scale (0–100). 3D/4D transperineal ultrasound was used to assess internal (IAS) and external anal sphincter (EAS) defects. A defect of ≥30° in ≥4 of 6 slices on tomographic imaging was regarded significant. The association between incontinence and sphincter defects was tested with multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results

The prevalence of any sphincter defect was 50/200 (25%). Combined IAS/EAS defect was found in 19/200 (9.5%) women, 8/200 (4.0%) had isolated IAS, and 23/200 (11.5%) had isolated EAS defects. In women with defect and intact IAS, 37% and 11% reported fecal incontinence, respectively, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7–7.0), p = .147 and in women with defect versus intact EAS, 36% and 9% had fecal incontinence, aOR 4.0 (95% CI, 1.5–10.8), p = .005. In women with defect and intact IAS, 85% versus 43% reported flatal incontinence, aOR 5.2 (95% CI, 1.6–17.2), p = .007 and in women with defect versus intact EAS, 71% versus 43% had flatal incontinence, aOR 1.9 (95% CI, 0.8–4.5), p = .131.

Conclusions

One of four women scheduled for POP surgery had an anal sphincter defect. EAS defects were associated with fecal incontinence and IAS defects were strongly associated with flatal incontinence.
Fully self‐gated free‐running 3D Cartesian cardiac CINE with isotropic whole‐heart coverage in less than 2 min
Authors: Küstner Thomas , Bustin Aurelien , Jaubert Olivier , Hajhosseiny Reza , Masci Pier Giorgio , Neji Radhouene , Botnar René , Prieto Claudia
Published: September 2020

Purpose

To develop a novel fast water‐selective free‐breathing 3D Cartesian cardiac CINE scan with full self‐navigation and isotropic whole‐heart (WH) coverage.

Methods

A free‐breathing 3D Cartesian cardiac CINE scan with a water‐selective balanced steady‐state free precession and a continuous (non‐ECG‐gated) variable‐density Cartesian sampling with spiral profile ordering, out‐inward sampling and acquisition‐adaptive alternating tiny golden and golden angle increment between spiral arms is proposed. Data is retrospectively binned based on respiratory and cardiac self‐navigation signals. A translational respiratory‐motion‐corrected and cardiac‐motion‐resolved image is reconstructed with a multi‐bin patch‐based low‐rank reconstruction (MB‐PROST) within about 15 min. A respiratory‐motion‐resolved approach is also investigated. The proposed 3D Cartesian cardiac CINE is acquired in sagittal orientation in 1 min 50 s for 1.9 mm3 isotropic WH coverage. Left ventricular (LV) function parameters and image quality derived from a blinded reading of the proposed 3D CINE framework are compared against conventional multi‐slice 2D CINE imaging in 10 healthy subjects and 10 patients with suspected cardiovascular disease.

Results

The proposed framework provides free‐breathing 3D cardiac CINE images with 1.9 mm3 spatial and about 45 ms temporal resolution in a short acquisition time (<2 min). LV function parameters derived from 3D CINE were in good agreement with 2D CINE (10 healthy subjects and 10 patients). Bias and confidence intervals were obtained for end‐systolic volume, end‐diastolic volume and ejection fraction of 0.1 ± 3.5 mL, −0.6 ± 8.2 mL and −0.1 ± 2.2%, respectively.

Conclusion

The proposed framework enables isotropic 3D Cartesian cardiac CINE under free breathing for fast assessment of cardiac anatomy and function.
Secure and efficient routing on nodes, edges, and arcs of simple‐graphs and of multi‐graphs
Authors: Fröhlich Georg E. A. , Doerner Karl F. , Gansterer Margaretha
Published: September 2020

Many security companies offer patrolling services, such that guards inspect facilities or streets on a regular basis. Patrolling routes should be cost efficient, but the inspection patterns should not be predictable for offenders. We introduce this setting as a multi‐objective periodic mixed capacitated general routing problem with objectives being cost minimization and route inconsistency maximization. The problem is transformed into an asymmetric capacitated vehicle routing problem, on both a simple‐graph and a multi‐graph; and three multi‐objective frameworks using adaptive large neighborhood search are implemented to solve it. As tests with both artificial and real‐world instances show that some frameworks perform better for some indicators, a hybrid search procedure, combining two of them, is developed and benchmarked against the individual solution methods. Generally, results indicate that considering more than one shortest path between nodes, can significantly increase solution quality for smaller instances, but is quickly becoming a detriment for larger instances.
Super‐high fraction of organic montmorillonite filled polyamide 6 composite foam: Morphologies, thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhao Wei , Zhao Jiawei , Qiao Wen , Zhu Guocheng , Xia Zhaopeng , Liu Yong
Published: September 2020

High fraction of inorganic compounds filled polymer composites with lightweight character show a potential application on building and transportation. In this study, super‐high fraction of organic montmorillonite (OMMT>30%) filled Polyamide 6 (PA6) foams were prepared via a solution foaming. The influence of OMMT content on structures and properties of foams was studied. When the OMMT content was higher than 50%, the surface of cells turned from smooth to nest‐like appearance. The addition of excessive clay depressed the crystalline behavior of PA6 during foaming. However, it did not damage the compressive mechanical properties of foams. PA6 macromolecules played a role of binder, endowing interfacial strength and structural integrity of cell walls. With the increase of OMMT loading content from 33% to 75%, the composite foams showed an increased specific moduli from 2.8 to 4.1 MPa. The current work realized a facile processing of polymer foams with high loading of fillers. The corresponding filler dominant lightweight products open the door to a wide range of potential applications to reduce the use of non‐biodegradable plastics.
A mechanistic perspective on atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Fung Alfred KK , Coote Michelle L
Published: September 2020

Since its invention 25 years ago, atom transfer radical polymerization has become one of the most dominant methods in controlled radical polymerization. This rise in importance is due in large part to increases in scope, reduced catalyst loading and improved oxygen tolerance. These developments have been in turn underpinned by an improved understanding of the mechanism, kinetics and structure–reactivity trends. This mini‐review outlines these mechanistic developments with a particular emphasis on the relationship between structure and activity in both the catalyst and alkyl halide substrate, and their implications for future catalyst design. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
SCARECROW gene function is required for photosynthetic development in maize
Authors: Hughes Thomas E. , Langdale Jane A.
Published: September 2020

C4 photosynthesis in grasses relies on a specialized leaf anatomy. In maize, this “Kranz” leaf anatomy is patterned in part by the duplicated SCARECROW (SCR) genes ZmSCR1 and ZmSCR1h. Here we show that in addition to patterning defects, chlorophyll content and levels of transcripts encoding Golden2‐like regulators of chloroplast development are significantly lower in Zmscr1; Zmscr1h mutants than in wild‐type. These perturbations are not associated with changes in chloroplast number, size, or ultrastructure. However, the maximum rates of carboxylation by ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO, Vcmax) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, Vpmax) are both reduced, leading to perturbed plant growth. The CO2 compensation point and 13C‰ of Zmscr1;Zmscr1h plants are both normal, indicating that a canonical C4 cycle is operating, albeit at reduced overall capacity. Taken together, our results reveal that the maize SCR genes, either directly or indirectly, play a role in photosynthetic development.

Significance statement

SCARECROW (SCR) is one of the best studied plant developmental regulators, however, its role in downstream plant physiology is less well‐understood. Here, we have demonstrated that SCR is required to establish and/or maintain photosynthetic capacity in maize leaves.
Airway mechanics after withdrawal of a leukotriene receptor antagonist in children with mild persistent asthma: Double‐blind, randomized, cross‐over study
Authors: Kim Ju Hee , Lee Shinhae , Shin Youn Ho , Ha Eun Kyo , Lee Seung Won , Kim Mi‐Ae , Yoon Jung Won , Baek Hey Sung , Choi Sun‐Hee , Han Man Yong
Published: September 2020

Background

To determine the response of airway mechanics and the changes in asthma symptoms to stepping down of leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) therapy.

Methods

Thirty children (mean age: 7.1 years) with mild, well‐controlled, and persistent asthma who took LTRA as maintenance treatment were randomized into a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study. Each group received an LTRA (montelukast) or placebo daily for 2 weeks, followed by a 1‐week washout period, and then the alternate treatment for 2 weeks. Spirometry and impulse oscillation system (IOS) measurements before and after four puffs of salbutamol inhalation, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and the childhood asthma control test (C‐ACT) were evaluated at baseline, the end of placebo treatment, and the end of LTRA treatment.

Results

Changes of FEV1/FVC (p = .113) and FEV1 (p = .109) from baseline to posttreatment did not differ significantly between the placebo and montelukast groups. In the placebo group, prebronchodilator (pre‐) FEV1/FVC was decreased (83% vs. 86%) and bronchodilator response (BDR) in FEV1 was diminished (10.7% vs. 6.4%) at posttreatment compared with baseline. However, the montelukast group had no significant changes in pre‐FEV1/FVC (p = .865) and BDR in FEV1 (p = .461). In addition, compared with the montelukast group, the placebo group showed no significant changes in Rrs5 (total airway resistance), Rrs5–20 (peripheral airway resistance), FeNO, and symptoms by the C‐ACT.

Conclusion

In children with well‐controlled mild persistent asthma, changes in spirometry, IOS, FeNO, and C‐ACT results did not differ between the placebo and montelukast groups within 2 weeks.
What electronic information resources do physiotherapists prefer to use to support their CPD?
Authors: Clode Nicholas J. , Darlow Ben , Rouse Jack , Perry Meredith
Published: September 2020

Background and purpose

The way health professionals consume that informal professional education is changing. Physiotherapists are relying more on using electronic sources of information, including social media, to answer clinical questions. This study aims to identify the sources of electronic information physiotherapists in New Zealand use within their informal professional education.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey of 203 physiotherapists and physiotherapy students was undertaken at the National Physiotherapy New Zealand Conference in 2018.

Results

One hundred and seventy nine participated in the survey providing a response rate of 88%. Median engagement in electronic professional learning was 1–3 h per week (82/179, 47%). Search engines were the most frequently used resource for accessing professional learning (171/179, 98%). Electronic Journal articles and webinars were seen as the most useful electronic learning resources. Social media sites, such as Twitter and Facebook, were used less frequently. Just over half (94/179, 53%) of participants in the survey reported to regularly critically appraising information.

Conclusion

Physiotherapists in New Zealand embark on a significant amount of electronic professional learning. Electronic journal articles are seen as the most valuable resource. Critical appraisal of learning material was not always completed by physiotherapists when consuming informal professional education.
Comparative study of automatic and manual planning methods for volumetric modulated arc therapy in patients with intraocular cancer
Authors: Zheng Xiaomin , Han Ce , Yi Jinling , Zhou Yongqiang , Ai Yao , Xie Congying , Jin Xiance
Published: September 2020

Objective

To research and assess automatic volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning methods for patients with intraocular cancer.

Methods

The mdaccAutoPlan system was added to the Pinnacle3 treatment planning system as a plug‐in. Automatic VMAT plans were generated for 10 patients diagnosed with intraocular cancer, and evaluated according to standard dose‐volume histogram parameters.

Results

The planning target volume of enrolled patients ranges from 14.24 to 50.69 cm3. Both planning methods lead to acceptable planning target volume target coverage with a V95 of 97.9 ± 1.4% and 96.4 ± 1.5% for manual and automatic plans (P = 0.03), respectively. Automatic planning lowered the dose delivered to the ipsilateral lens and optical nerves, but increased the dose to the brainstem compared with manual planning. Automatic planning significantly prolonged VMAT planning time (3.25 ± 0.53 h vs. 1.02 ± 0.69 h, P < 0.01), but no significant differences were seen in average machine units (474.0 ± 64.8 vs. 502.4 ± 109.5, P = 0.34) compared with the manual planning method.

Conclusions

Automatic VMAT planning achieved acceptable target coverage, and lowered the dose delivered to ipsilateral lens and brainstem in patients with intraocular cancer compared with manual planning. However, the full benefits of automatic VMAT planning require further study with improved performance and treatment planning system capacity.
18F‐labeled 1,2,3‐triazole‐linked Glu‐urea‐Lys‐based PSMA ligands have good pharmacokinetic properties for positron emission tomography imaging of prostate cancer
Authors: Lee Byoung Se , Chu So Young , Jung Woon Jung , Jeong Hyeon Jin , Lee Kyongkyu , Kim Min Hwan , Kim Mi Hyun , Chi Dae Yoon , Ahn Heesu , Lee Yong Jin , Lee Kyo Chul , Lim Sang Moo
Published: September 2020

Background

Prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is increasingly recognized as an excellent target for prostate cancer imaging and therapy. Finding compounds with a high target‐to‐nontarget ratio are an important challenge in the development of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents. In this study, we attempted to find a suitable compound from a simply‐synthesized compound library.

Method

18F‐labeling was achieved in a two‐step synthesis consisting of [18F]fluorination of azido sulfonates followed by copper(I)‐catalyzed click ligation. In vitro binding experiment and in vivo studies were carried out using isogenic PSMA+ PC3‐PIP and PSMA− PC3‐flu cells and 22RV1 cells. [125I]MIP‐1095 was used to measure the binding affinities of compounds through a competitive binding assay, and [18F]DCFPyL was used for a comparative assessment of compounds. Radiation dosimetry data were obtained using OLINDA/EXM software.

Results

Nine novel PSMA ligands were synthesized by the combination of three azido compounds and three terminal acetylene‐containing Glu‐urea‐Lys compounds. Among them, compound 6f having a pyridine moiety showed a high binding affinity of 6.51 ± 0.19 nM (Ki). 18F‐labeled compounds were obtained at moderate yields within 70 to 75 minutes (including high‐performance liquid chromatography purification). Compound [18F]6c had the lowest log P of −2.693. MicroPET/computed tomography (CT) images were acquired from 22RV1 cell xenograft mice after injecting [18F]6c, [18F]6f, and [18F]6i. Additional microPET/CT experiments of [18F]6c and [18F]6f were performed using PSMA+ PC3‐PIP and PSMA− PC3‐flu cell‐bearing mice. [18F]6c was selected for further studies because it was found to have high uptake in tumors and rapid renal clearance, resulting in great tumor‐to‐nontumor ratios and distinct tumor images with very low background activity. Human dosimetry estimation of [18F]6c using OLINDA/EXM software was calculated, resulting in an effective dose of 4.35 × 10−3 mSv/MBq.

Conclusions

[18F]6c showed significant tumor uptake, a high tumor‐to‐nontumor ratio, and good radiation dosimetry results, suggesting further development as a potential diagnostic PET agent for prostate cancer.
Digital implementation of sliding‐mode control via the implicit method: A tutorial
Authors: Brogliato Bernard , Polyakov Andrey
Published: September 2020

The objective of this article, is to provide a clear presentation of the discretization of continuous‐time sliding‐mode controllers, also known in the automatic control literature as the emulation method, when the implicit (backward) Euler scheme is used. First‐order, second‐order, and homogeneous controllers are considered. The main theoretical results are recalled in each case, and the focus is put on the discrete‐time implementation structure and on the algorithms which allow the designer to solve, at each time‐step, the one‐step generalized equations which are needed to compute the controllers. The article ends with some open issues.
27‐1: Invited Paper: Latest Development of Soluble OLED Material for Printed Display.
Authors: Fukushima Daisuke , Tanaka Shinya , Kakimoto Hidenobu , Yamada Takeshi
Published: September 2020

We present the latest status of high performance OLED material development based on conjugated polymer technologies. The material which shows high performance is very suitable for printed OLED panel fabrication. New emitter development has realized better outcoupling on top‐emission device and wider color gamut. Key parameters have been identified to achieve high performance of ink jet printed (IJP) device. New materials for higher resolution panel fabrication have been developed and they provide wider application of IJP devices.
45‐2: Distinguished Paper: Ultra‐narrow Border Display with a Cover Glass Using LCDs with a Polyimide Substrate
Authors: Oka Shinichiro , Hyodo Yosuke , Jin Lu , Asozu Genki , Kaneda Hiromi , Mochizuki Kazuhide , Mochizuki Marina , Aoki Yoshiro , Asano Naoyuki
Published: September 2020

We propose a novel plastic Liquid crystal display (LCD) with an ultra‐narrow‐border. As the most significant improvement, the four borders of the LCDs can be folded to wrap the backlight unit. This LCD was based on various new techniques, including the use of plastic substrates, processing of polarizer films, control of the neutral surface of a bending component based on the sealant width, and the use of a cover glass with a lens effect. We believe that these novel LCDs will be useful for numerous new applications.
46‐3: Image Adaptive Refresh Rate technology for Ultra Low Power Consumption
Authors: You Bonghyun , Nam Hui , Lee Hyojin
Published: September 2020

We have researched low refresh rate driving methods and algorithms to reduce display power consumption. In this paper, we propose not only how to drive display at low refresh rate but how to minimize drive IC power consumption during blank time. Moreover, we also suggest how to decrease system power consumption by handshake between SET and display.
60‐1: Novel Image Sticking Prevention Method Using Deep Learning
Authors: Yoo Youngwook , Lee Jungyu , Chun Byungki , Ahn Kukhwan , Choi Yongseok , Moon Junhee , You Bonghyun
Published: September 2020

It is a proposal for preventing image sticking of OLED using deep learning based object detection. It was able to detect transparent objects superimposed on complex backgrounds and we got 92% detection performance. The burn‐in pixels can be detected in real time and the luminance can be adjusted to 80%.
72‐2: Highly Efficient Cadmium‐Free Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes Employing Top‐Emitting Architecture
Authors: Park Myoungjin , Park Jaehong , Kim Sungwoon , Ha Jaekook , Lee Changhee
Published: September 2020

By optimizing the micro‐cavity top‐emission QD‐LED structures based on InP QDs, 3.2‐fold improvement in the efficiency is obtained compared to the bottom‐emission device structures.
82‐3: Red‐Enhanced Laser‐Phosphor Light Source with Quantum Dot Conversion Layer
Authors: Kaji Tomohiro , Morita Hiroki , Maeda Yuki , Wall Clemens , Chercka Dennis , Krasteva Nadejda , Kobayashi Izushi
Published: September 2020

We developed a red‐enhanced laser‐phosphor light source with quantum dot conversion layer for projector applications. This device uses dual‐layer wheel structure, in which a quantum dot layer is underneath a Ce:YAG phosphor layer. We demonstrated a high brightness and wide color gamut QD‐based light source.
83‐4: Techniques to Achieve an AMOLED Display with Ultra‐narrow Border
Authors: Liu Quan , Jin Chunming , Li Weilong , Hu Siming , Han Zhenzhen , Gao Xiaoyu
Published: September 2020

To achieve mobile phone with ultra‐narrow border, different design methods are proposed. By decreasing fanout line width and place clock signal lines under frit, an ultra‐narrow border full screen is obtained. Additionally, we verified that the line width of fanout with 2um has the feasibility of mass production and the luminance uniformity can be improved by 5%. What's more, the proportion of bright spots caused by anode residue is reduced to 0. At last, the best matching conditions are obtained to achieve ultra‐narrow border full screen mobile phone.
P‐207: Late‐News‐Poster: Infrared Down‐conversion of Organic Light Emitting Diode Emission for Medical Use and Vein Authentication
Authors: Miyata Yasuo , Nakabayashi Ryo , Tabata Kenichi , Ueda Noriko , Yamada Tetsuya , Kon Shusaku , Tsujimura Takatoshi
Published: September 2020

A flexible infrared surface light source is fabricated for medical and vein authentication purpose. The light source is composed of red‐emissive OLED device and infrared down‐conversion film covering the red OLED. The light source exhibits the emission wavelength between 700‐1000 nm, and provides enough radiances for medical and authentication system at voltage below 4V. A vein authentication prototype was fabricated for comparison between conventional LEDs and down‐converted OLEDs. The peak wavelength for the prototype is 834 nm and the radiant flux at the wavelength is 2.7‐6.0 mW using the 15x15‐mm2 OLED panel. Testing result clearly shows the merit of surface light source in terms of authentication accuracy, especially for false rejection rate.
P‐134: Optical Design of Encapsulation for High EQE and Color Purity in OLEDs
Authors: Kim Jun Yong , Jin Kangwoo , Park Jinhee , Do Yun Seon
Published: September 2020

An optical encapsulation structure has been proposed to realize high external quantum efficiency (EQE) and color purity in flexible bottom‐emission organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). It was designed based on the Fabry‐Perot Interferometer (FPI) using optical simulation. The structure showed three sharp peaks in red, green and blue wavelength bands, respectively.
Genome‐wide association study‐based deep learning for survival prediction
Authors: Sun Tao , Wei Yue , Chen Wei , Ding Ying
Published: September 2020

Informative and accurate survival prediction with individualized dynamic risk profiles over time is critical for personalized disease prevention and clinical management. The massive genetic data, such as SNPs from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), together with well‐characterized time‐to‐event phenotypes provide unprecedented opportunities for developing effective survival prediction models. Recent advances in deep learning have made extraordinary achievements in establishing powerful prediction models in the biomedical field. However, the applications of deep learning approaches in survival prediction are limited, especially with utilizing the wealthy GWAS data. Motivated by developing powerful prediction models for the progression of an eye disease, age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), we develop and implement a multilayer deep neural network (DNN) survival model to effectively extract features and make accurate and interpretable predictions. Various simulation studies are performed to compare the prediction performance of the DNN survival model with several other machine learning‐based survival models. Finally, using the GWAS data from two large‐scale randomized clinical trials in AMD with over 7800 observations, we show that the DNN survival model not only outperforms several existing survival prediction models in terms of prediction accuracy (eg, c‐index=0.76), but also successfully detects clinically meaningful risk subgroups by effectively learning the complex structures among genetic variants. Moreover, we obtain a subject‐specific importance measure for each predictor from the DNN survival model, which provides valuable insights into the personalized early prevention and clinical management for this disease.
Optimization of Working Conditions by Response Surface Methodology of Sulfur Dioxide Gas Sensors Based on Au/CoO‐2La2WO6 Nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Fuxiu , Zhang Wenjuan , Zhao Youxi , Ji Yizhi , Liu Baining , Zhou Kaowen
Published: September 2020

In the past, the working conditions of cataluminescence (CTL) method were simply determined by single factor experiment. This paper will illustrate the optimization of working conditions of a novel sulfur dioxide gas sensor based on Au/CoO‐2La2WO6 nanoparticles by response surface methodology (RSM). Under optimized working conditions, analytical wavelength 522.77 nm, reaction temperature 111.15 °C and carrier gas velocity 144.92 ml/min, the sensitivity of the method can be increased by 6.4 %. The optimization process is universal for many multi parameter processes. There is a good linear relationship between the CTL intensity and the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the range of 0.06–120 mg/m3 with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.015 mg/m3. The sensing properties of sensitive material were investigated. The results indicated that nano‐Au/CoO‐2La2WO6 could be a good candidate for fabricating sulfur dioxide gas sensors.
MgAl Layered Double Hydroxides Intercalated with EDTA: Cu(II) Recovery and Mechanism
Authors: Chen Liangzhe , Tu Qian , Yang Xingyan , Hu Xiaolin , Sun Xinyu , Li Houbin
Published: September 2020

In water treatment, it is a valid way to remove Cu(II) efficiently via layered double hydroxides (LDHs) intercalated with chelate, but the desorption and its mechanism remain an unsolved difficult problem. To solve this problem, MgAl LDHs intercalated with EDTA (MgAl‐EDTA‐LDHs) was synthesized by one‐step co‐precipitation method, and applied to recover Cu2+. The characterizations of SEM, XRD, XPS, EA and AAS were employed, and the results showed that MgAl‐EDTA‐LDHs exhibited a typical lamellar structure, the adsorption capacity of MgAl‐EDTA‐LDHs on Cu2+ could reach 79.69 mg/g, which was attributed to the chelation of EDTA and chemical bonding of hydroxyl (−OH) on the surface of LDHs layers. In addition, the adsorption capacity could achieve 45.75 mg/g after eluting by Na2CO3 solution, which was relevant to the ion exchange by CO32−. Herein, the adsorption and desorption mechanism of MgAl‐EDTA‐LDHs on Cu2+ was expounded, which may pave a new way to recover the heavy metal and provide a theoretical guidance for future research.
One‐step Mechanical Synthesis of Oxygen‐defect Modified Ultrathin Bi12O17Br2 Nanosheets for Boosting Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Meng Chenxi , Wang Bin , Ji Mengxia , Jiang Qi , Chen Rong , Ji Sainan , Chen Zhigang , Li Huaming , Xia Jiexiang
Published: September 2020

Benefiting from high contact specific surface area and interface defects, ultrathin two‐dimensional (2D) defect‐rich catalysts have attracted widespread attention in the photocatalytic field. However, the traditional synthetic methods are complicated to operate and prone to acid‐base pollution, which are counter to the high‐efficiency and environmental protection concepts of the present age. Herein, novel rich oxygen vacancies (OVs) ultrathin Bi12O17Br2 nanosheets were prepared via one‐step mechanical ball milling with high‐energy grinding, which can enhance the specific surface area, reduce the thickness and boost the escape of more surface oxygen atoms for the Bi12O17Br2 catalyst. The ultrathin structure with rich OVs are beneficial to the introduction of more active sites and the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers. Under visible light illumination, the Bi12O17Br2 ultrathin nanosheets exhibit excellent photodegradation ability of antibiotic, which is 23∼48 times relative to bulk Bi12O17Br2. Hence, this study designs an efficient and convenient approach to fabricate bismuth‐rich materials with surface OVs, which is conducive to large‐scale industrial production.
Highly Efficient Deep Blue Cd‐Free Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes by a p‐Type Doped Emissive Layer
Authors: Cho Hyunjin , Park Sunjoong , Shin Hongjoo , Kim Moohyun , Jang Hanhwi , Park Jaehyun , Yang Joong Hwan , Han Chang Wook , Baek Ji Ho , Jung Yeon Sik , Jeon Duk Young
Published: September 2020

Environmentally friendly ZnSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) as an alternative blue emission material to Cd‐based QDs have shown great potential for use in next‐generation displays. However, it remains still challenging to realize a high‐efficiency quantum dot light‐emitting diode (QLED) based on ZnSe/ZnS QDs due to their insufficient electrical characteristics, such as excessively high electron mobility (compared to the hole mobility) and the deep‐lying valence band. In this work, the effects of QDs doped with hole transport materials (hybrid QDs) on the electrical characteristics of a QLED are investigated. These hybrid QDs show a p‐type doping effect, which leads to a change in the density of the carriers. Specifically, the hybrid QDs can balance electrons and holes by suppressing the overflow of electrons and improving injection of holes, respectively. These electrical characteristics help to improve device performance. In detail, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.88% is achieved with the hybrid QDs. This is increased by 180% compared to a device with pure ZnSe/ZnS QDs (EQE of 2.46%). This record is the highest among deep‐blue Cd‐free QLED devices. These findings provide the importance of p‐type doping effect in QD layers and guidance for the study of the electrical properties of QDs.
Solar Photoelectroreduction of Nitrate Ions on PbI2/CuI Nanocomposite Electrodes
Authors: Kecsenovity Egon , Kochuveedu Saji Thomas , Chou Jyh-Pin , Lukács Diána , Gali Ádám , Janáky Csaba
Published: September 2020

Solar light–driven photoelectrochemical conversion of nitrate ions to nitrite is achieved on copper‐lead iodide nanocomposite electrodes. By optimizing the composition, 1.2 ± 0.05 mA cm−2 photocurrent density is obtained under concentrated solar irradiation. The reduction products are NO2− and N2, at 0.61 V reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), which is at least 600 mV higher than the redox potential of these processes. The faradaic efficiency of NO2− ion formation is up to 52% while no hydrogen evolution occurs. Optical studies show the possibility of exciting electrons from the valence band of CuI to the conduction band of PbI2 upon illumination, extending the visible light absorption of the nanocomposite photoelectrode. Experimental and theoretical optoelectronic studies indicate that CuI and PbI2 are held together by weak attractive forces (also excluding the formation of a new compound), which opens a new strategy to design metal halide nanocomposite photoelectrodes with tailored properties.
Data Storage Based on DNA
Authors: Hao Yaya , Li Qian , Fan Chunhai , Wang Fei
Published: September 2020

Recent years have witnessed the exponential growth of information, calling for the development of new storage media. DNA provides an attractive alternative for data storage due to its high physical density, reproducibility, and excellent durability that have been tested by nature. Rapid progress has been made during the past decade by exploiting artificially designed DNA materials for data storage. Herein, recent advances of DNA‐based encoding, writing, storage, retrieving, reading, and decoding for data storage are summarized. In addition to encoding with nucleic acid sequences, different forms of data storage strategies using DNA nanostructures are also highlighted. Also, in vivo DNA data storage, especially with the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat–Cas systems, is discussed. The challenges and opportunities for the development and application of DNA‐based data storage are presented.
Graphene Oxide Quantum Dot‐Based Functional Nanomaterials for Effective Antimicrobial Applications
Authors: Nichols Forrest , Chen Shaowei
Published: September 2020

Conventional β‐lactam antibiotics are resisted by bacteria at an increasing rate, prompting studies into the development of alternate antibiotic agents. In this personal account, we summarize recent progress in the design and engineering of graphene oxide quantum dot‐based nanomaterials as potent antimicrobial agents. Specifically, we examine the impacts of chemical reduction on the antimicrobial activity of graphene oxide quantum dots, and enhancement of the bactericidal performance by the formation of nanocomposites with metal oxide nanoparticles, within the context of photodynamic generation of reactive oxygen species. A perspective is also included where the promises and challenges are highlighted in the development of high‐performance antimicrobial agents based on graphene derivatives.
Metal‐ion‐dependent, Solvent‐mediated Structural Transformation and Simultaneous Partial Transmetalation of an srs Framework into Desulfurization‐efficient Co‐Cu‐HKUST‐1
Authors: Liu Shu‐Qin , Zhang Jian‐Jun , Tan En‐Pei , Zhou Huajun Andrew , Tian Fu‐Ping , Yao Ye
Published: September 2020

[Co2(BTC)(Cl)(DMA)3] (1) (BTC3– = benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylate, DMA = N,N‐dimethylacetamide) obtained from the reaction between Co2+ and H3BTC in DMA features a three‐dimensional srs framework built of 3‐connected {Co2(COO)3} as secondary building units and BTC3– as spacers. When exposed to DMA solution of Cu(NO3)2, 1 was progressively transformed into the first heterometallic Co‐Cu‐HKUST‐1 ([Co0.14Cu2.86(BTC)2]) (2) of such kind via unusually solvent‐mediated structural transformation and simultaneous partial transmetalation. While the mechanism for such conversion is proposed based on systematic studies, 2 was revealed to be an equally efficient desulfurization adsorbent as the homometallic Cu‐HKUST‐1 in removing thiophene (0.142 mmol S per gram of adsorbent). However, when exposed to Zn(NO3)2 solution in DMA for longer time, 1 retained its framework with limited metal‐ion exchange, resulting in the formation of [Co1.93Zn0.07(BTC)(Cl)(DMA)3] (3). Possible reasons responsible for the formation of 2 and 3 through different routes could be due to the less solubility and more thermodynamic stability of 2 in comparison with those of 1, and the different coordination geometries which Co2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ prefer.
Exploring the Success Factors for a Launch of an Algorithmic Consulting Platform
Authors: Kaselow Andreas , Petrik Dimitri , Feja Sven
Published: September 2020

Even the rather traditional consulting industry is not spared from digitization. Digital platforms are known to foster convergence and generativity. For the consulting industry, digital platforms offer the potential to win new customer groups who have not previously purchased consulting services before. If digital platforms for the mediation of consulting services are established by incumbent consulting companies, the new platform-based business models for the consulting market will appear. Since network effects fuel platforms, the launch phase of a platform is a serious challenge. In this paper, we examine the launch of a digital platform for the algorithmic consulting (AC) approach, due to its promising market potential. In order to research the adaptability of digital platforms for AC consulting, we perform a qualitative study of electronic documents on the actions of three successful crowdsourcing platforms. The preliminary results comprise 14 success factors for the platform launch that will be validated in a follow-up practical application. The open nature of platform design in the areas of customer access, cooperation with other platforms, interfaces, and communication appeared to be particularly important for a successful platform launch. All identified success factors can be applied to AC services and the consulting market in the future.
Gravitational path integral from the T 2 deformation
Authors: Belin Alexandre , Lewkowycz Aitor , Sárosi Gábor
Published: September 2020

Abstract

We study a T2 deformation of large N conformal field theories, a higher dimensional generalization of the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation. The deformed partition function satisfies a flow equation of the diffusion type. We solve this equation by finding its diffusion kernel, which is given by the Euclidean gravitational path integral in d + 1 dimensions between two boundaries with Dirichlet boundary conditions for the metric. This is natural given the connection between the flow equation and the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, on which we offer a new perspective by giving a gauge-invariant relation between the deformed partition function and the radial WDW wave function. An interesting output of the flow equation is the gravitational path integral measure which is consistent with a constrained phase space quantization. Finally, we comment on the relation between the radial wave function and the Hartle-Hawking wave functions dual to states in the CFT, and propose a way of obtaining the volume of the maximal slice from the T2 deformation.
3d mirrors of the circle reduction of twisted A2N theories of class S
Authors: Maduli Emanuele , Giacomelli Simone , Mekareeya Noppadol , Sacchi Matteo
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Mirror symmetry has proven to be a powerful tool to study several properties of higher dimensional superconformal field theories upon compactification to three dimensions. We propose a quiver description for the mirror theories of the circle reduction of twisted A2N theories of class S in four dimensions. Although these quivers bear a resemblance to the star-shaped quivers previously studied in the literature, they contain unitary, symplectic and special orthogonal gauge groups, along with hypermultiplets in the fundamental representation. The vacuum moduli spaces of these quiver theories are studied in detail. The Coulomb branch Hilbert series of the mirror theory can be matched with that of the Higgs branch of the corresponding four dimensional theory, providing a non-trivial check of our proposal. Moreover various deformations by mass and Fayet-Iliopoulos terms of such quiver theories are investigated. The fact that several of them flow to expected theories also gives another strong support for the proposal. Utilising the mirror quiver description, we discover a new supersymmetry enhancement renormalisation group flow.
Größenwachstum und Knochengesundheit bei Erkrankungen der Wachstumsfuge und des Knochens: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer GH-Therapie
Authors: Wölfle J. , Bettendorf M. , Bechtold-Dalla Pozza S. , Binder G. , Grasemann C. , Reinehr T. , Semler O. , Dörr H.-G.
Published: September 2020

Hintergrund

Genetische, parakrine und endokrine Faktoren beeinflussen das Größenwachstum und die Knochenmineralisation.

Fragestellung

Wie sind spontanes Größenwachstum und Knochengesundheit von Patienten mit seltenen Knochenerkrankungen? Kann man Wachstum und Knochengesundheit bei diesen Erkrankungen mit Wachstumshormon („growth hormone“ [GH]) verbessern?

Material und Methoden

Ergebnisse eines Expertentreffens mit Literaturrecherche zur Knochengesundheit von mit Kleinwuchs assoziierten ossären Erkrankungen und deren Therapieoptionen.

Ergebnisse

Viele Patienten mit einer Osteogenesis imperfecta sind kleinwüchsig. Eine zusätzliche Gabe von GH hat keinen Einfluss auf die Erwachsenengröße und wird derzeit nicht angewendet. Patienten mit unzureichendem Größenwachstum bei Pseudohypoparathyreoidismus (PHP) können bei Nachweis eines GH-Mangels mit GH behandelt werden und von der Therapie profitieren. Kinder mit X‑chromosomal vererbter hypophosphatämischer Rachitis haben unter der bisherigen Therapie mit Phosphat und Calcitriol einen disproportionierten Kleinwuchs. Randomisierte Therapiestudien mit GH führten zwar zu einer vorübergehenden Verbesserung der Körperhöhe, aber zu keiner signifikanten Verbesserung der Erwachsenenkörpergröße. Bei SHOX-Defizienz ist eine GH-Therapie zugelassen und hinsichtlich Köpergrößenzunahme vergleichbar effektiv wie bei Mädchen mit Ullrich-Turner-Syndrom (UTS). Zusätzlich legen Beobachtungsstudien nahe, dass eine GH-Therapie das bei UTS erhöhte Frakturrisiko reduzieren kann. Entzündung, verminderte körperliche Aktivität und Malnutrition führen bei Patienten mit juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis (JIA) zu einem Kleinwuchs mit Verlust an Muskel- und Knochenmasse. Studien konnten einen positiven Effekt von GH auf Längenwachstum, Dichte, Geometrie und Metabolismus des Knochens sowie auf die Muskelmasse zeigen. Die Therapie mit GH ist bei den Patienten mit JIA nicht zugelassen.

Schlussfolgerungen

Bei den genannten Knochenerkrankungen muss jede Wachstumsstörung individuell betrachtet werden. Neben dem Größenwachstum kann sich die GH-Therapie je nach Indikation positiv auf Stoffwechsel, Mineralsalzgehalt und Knochendichte auswirken. Zugelassene Indiktionen für eine GH-Therapie liegen bei PHP nur bei einem GH-Mangel und bei Patienten mit intrauterinem Kleinwuchs (SGA) und UTS/SHOX-Mangel vor. Neben einer Zunahme des Wachstums sollte eine Verbesserung der Knochengesundheit im Kindes- und Jugendalter als Zielparameter einer GH-Therapie diskutiert werden.
Increased external tibial torsion is an infratuberositary deformity and is not correlated with a lateralized position of the tibial tuberosity
Authors: Winkler Philipp W. , Lutz Patricia M. , Rupp Marco C. , Imhoff Florian B. , Izadpanah Kaywan , Imhoff Andreas B. , Feucht Matthias J.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

To perform a segmental analysis of tibial torsion in patients, with normal and increased external tibial torsion, suffering from chronic patellofemoral instability (PFI) and to investigate a possible correlation between tibial torsion and the position of the tibial tuberosity.

Methods

Patients with chronic PFI who underwent torsional analysis of the lower limb using a standardized hip-knee-ankle MRI between 2016 and 2018 were included. For segmental analysis of tibial torsion, three axial levels were defined which divided the tibia into two segments: a distal, infratuberositary segment and a proximal, supratuberositary segment. Torsion was measured for the entire tibia (total tibial torsion, TTT), the proximal segment (proximal tibial torsion, PTT), and the distal segment (distal tibial torsion, DTT). Based on TTT, patients were assigned to one of two groups: Normal TTT (< 35°) or increased external TTT (> 35°). Position of the tibial tuberosity was assessed on conventional MRI scans by measuring the tibial tuberosity-trochlea groove (TT-TG) and the tibial tuberosity-posterior cruciate ligament (TT-PCL) distances.

Results

Ninety-one patients (24 ± 6 years; 78% female) were included. Mean external TTT was 29.6° ± 9.1° and 24 patients (26%) had increased external TTT. Compared to patients with normal TTT, patients with increased external TTT demonstrated significantly higher values for DTT (38° ± 8° vs. 52° ± 9°; p < 0.001), whereas no difference was found for PTT ( – 13° ± 6° vs.  – 12° ± 6°; n.s.). Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between TTT and DTT (p < 0.001), whereas no correlation was found between TTT and PTT (n.s). With regard to TT-TG and TT-PCL distances, no significant differences were observed between the two groups (TT-TG: 15 ± 6 vs. 14 ± 4 mm, n.s.; TT-PCL: 22 ± 4 vs. 21 ± 5 mm, n.s.) and no correlation was found with TTT, DTT, or PTT (n.s.).

Conclusion

In patients with chronic PFI, increased external TTT of greater than 35° is an infratuberositary deformity and does not correlate with a lateralized position of the tibial tuberosity.

Level of evidence

Level III.
Ihara’s Lemma for Shimura curves over totally real fields via patching
Authors: Manning Jeffrey , Shotton Jack
Published: September 2020

We prove Ihara’s lemma for the mod l cohomology of Shimura curves, localized at a maximal ideal of the Hecke algebra, under a large image hypothesis on the associated Galois representation. This was proved by Diamond and Taylor, for Shimura curves over $$\mathbb {Q}$$
Q
, under various assumptions on l. Our method is totally different and can avoid these assumptions, at the cost of imposing the large image hypothesis. It uses the Taylor–Wiles method, as improved by Diamond and Kisin, and the geometry of integral models of Shimura curves at an auxiliary prime.