bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the shunt implantation technology in patients with open-angle glaucoma and clinical results
Authors: Smetankin I. G. , Salahutdinov I. M. , Bessonova L. A. , Belousova N. U.
Published: September 2022

Glaucoma continues to lead among the irreversible causes of blindness and low vision. In some cases, surgical treatment is the method of choice even for newly detected glaucoma. The indication for the use of drains is refractory glaucoma, but today microshunting is widely enough used in patients with primary open angle glaucoma at the first stage of surgical treatment.

The aim of the study is to develop a technology of polymeric microshunt implantation and estimate the clinical effect of its using for the surgical treatment of worsening and terminal open‑angle glaucoma.

Materials and Methods. 30 patients (30 eyes) with open‑angle glaucoma and high level of intraocular pressure (IOP) were observed. All the patients were given modified partial‑thickness deep sclerectomy with the polymeric microshunt implantation by means of the developed insertor. The shunt made of polymer (polycarbonate methacrylate) is a hollow square tube 2.5 mm long, the diameter of the inner hole is 0.2 mm. The needle cut angle is 45 degrees, the end of the needle has an additional lateral anti‑lock hole. The microshunt consists of two parts: the needle for placing into the anterior chamber and supporting elements for the shunt fixation between the superficial and deep layers of the sclera. The insertor we created is an instrument 12.2 mm long with the 2.2 mm long thin rod at the end. Before implantation the shunt put on the needle is securely fixed due to the working part of the tool cut (45 degrees), which is congruent to the external part of the shunt. After the implantation the needle is removed from the shunt by pressing the side button of the insertor that allows to leave the shunt at the implantation site.

Results. All the patients demonstrated good results at a distant time with areactive current of postoperative period. Computer static projector perimetry and visometry didn’t reveal any negative dynamics during the entire observation period. According to ophthalmoscopy and optical coherent tomography results, the changes of the optic disc, ganglion cells layer in the macula and peripapillary nerve fibers remained at the same level.

Conclusion. Antiglaucomatous surgery according to the invented technology of the polymeric shunt implantation with the help of the original insertor in combination with modified sclerectomy provides stable hypotensive effect and minimizes complications. In addition, the method helps to stabilize visual functions in patients with worsening and terminal open‑angle glaucoma and high level of IOP.
The role of the volume of endolaser coagulation in the appearance of perisilicone proliferation in retinal detachment surgery
Authors: Aktamov A. Sh. , Mamatov Q. M. , Ibodullayeva D. Ch.
Published: September 2022

Background. Endolaser coagulation (ELС) is an integral part of endovitreal retinal detachment (RD) surgery. The study of the role of ELC volume (total laser energy and the amount of applied coagulates) in the formation of perisilicone oil proliferation (POP) after RD surgery of various origins is necessary to prevent postoperative complications.

The purpose of this study was to study the role of the ELC volume in the formation of POP in RD surgery of various genesis.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the private clinic “SIHAT KO’Z” from 2019 to 2021. 88 (88 eyes) patients with retinal detachment of different genesis were examined. The age range varied from 21 to 67 years, the average age was 47.4 ± 3.1 years. 61 (69%) patients had rhegmatogenous RD, 27 (31%) tractional RD. The macular area was involved in RD in 64 (73%) cases, and was intact in 24 (27%) cases.

Results. In 11 patients PP formed the day after surgery, in 4 (4.5%) exudate and fibrin were formed in the anterior chamber, in 4 (4.5%) re‑injection of silicone oil was required due to incomplete retinal adhesion. In 2 (2.3%) cases iridocorneal adhesions were formed. The study showed that the occurrence of the above complications was directly related to the intensive effect of ELC during surgery for retinal detachment.

Conclusion. Thus, increased coagulation and energy volume in ELC during surgical treatment of retinal detachment is important in the occurrence of PP. The analysis revealed a clear relationship between the development of a proliferative membrane and the volume of ELC. Since PP is a factor that reduces the effectiveness of surgical treatment of retinal detachment, the recommendation is to reduce the volume of ELC to the minimum necessary.
SELEKSI PROSES DAN PENENTUAN KAPASITAS PABRIK PADA PRA-RANCANGAN PABRIK BUBUK KALDU JAMUR TIRAM
Authors: Putri Firdausya Pramada , Dewi Ernia Novika
Published: September 2022

Kebutuhan masyarakat di Indonesia dinilai semakin beragam dari tahun ke tahun, tak terkecuali kebutuhan akan  Bahan Tambahan Pangan (BTP). Salah satunya yaitu MSG sebagai penyedap rasa sintetis. Peningkatan impor  MSG menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan MSG di Indonesia relatif besar dan meningkat setiap tahunnya. Berdasarkan data impor MSG, pada tahun 2020 meningkat 64,5% dari tahun sebelumnya. Peningkatan kesadaran  masyarakat akan gaya hidup sehat mendorong penggunaan produk makanan yang lebih aman untuk kesehatan.  Salah satu inovasi penyedap rasa berbahan alami yang digunakan adalah jamur yang diolah menjadi produk  penyedap rasa dengan nama bubuk kaldu jamur. Tujuan studi literatur ini yaitu menentukan kapasitas produksi dan seleksi proses untuk mengetahui proses terbaik agar tidak mengalami kerugian. Metode penelitian yang  digunakan yaitu metode grading untuk menentukan seleksi proses dan metode linier untuk penentuan kapasitas  pabrik bubuk kaldu jamur. Berdasarkan pemilihan proses dengan menggunakan metode grading, pengeringan  dengan metode spray drying merupakan proses pengeringan terbaik untuk menghasilkan bubuk kaldu jamur  tiram dengan yield sebesar 35% dan waktu pengoperasian terendah yaitu 15 menit. Dengan mempertimbangkan  faktor bahan baku dan perubahan pola hidup masyarakat akan kesehatan, maka pra-rancangan pabrik bubuk  kaldu jamur tiram ini ditentukan berkapasitas 5.000 ton/tahun.
PERHITUNGAN ANALISIS EKONOMI PRA RANCANGAN PABRIK KIMIA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS NAOH DAN CAO DENGAN KAPASITAS 400.000 TON/TAHUN
Authors: Azizah Berlian Nurul , Mas’udah Mas’udah , Santosa Sandra
Published: September 2022

Kelayakan suatu pabrik dapat didirikan atau tidaknya dapat dilakukan dengan analisis ekonomi. Dengan analisis ekonomi maka dapat memperkirakan hasil kelayakan pabrik biodiesel menguntungkan atau merugikan. Tujuan  dari studi literatur ini adalah mengetahui analisis perhitungan ekonomi pra-rancangan pabrik biodiesel dengan  bahan baku minyak sawit berkapasitas 400.000 ton yang akan didirikan pada tahun 2024. Metode analisis  ekonomi dilakukan dengan cara mencari nilai FCI, nilai TCI, modal perusahaan, perhitungan TPC, dan analisis profitabilitas. Dari hasil analisis ekonomi didapatkan laba kotor Rp 10.103.615.677 dan untuk laba bersih Rp6.602.169.406. ROI sebelum pajak 14,14% dan setelah pajak 8,49%. POT selama 6 tahun sedangkan titik BEP pada 55,59%. Nilai IRR sebesar 12,68% lebih besar dari bunga bank. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan ekonomi maka pabrik dengan kapasitas 400.000 ton/tahun layak untuk didirikan.
PRETREATMENT SONIKASI DAN STEAM DISTILLATION UNTUK MENINGKATKAN YIELD MINYAK ATSIRI DARI KULIT JERUK SEBAGAI MEDIA PELURUH SAMPAH STYROFOAM
Authors: Ramadhan Ednin Syahrul , Firdaus Muhammad Alfin , Dewi Ernia Novika
Published: September 2022

Sampah styrofoam merupakan sampah anorganik yang sulit terurai sehingga berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan  dan lingkungan. Limonene merupakan salah satu komponen terbanyak yang terdapat pada kulit jeruk dan  mampu meluruhkan styrofoam dengan memecah ikatannya menjadi monomer sehingga mudah terurai oleh  alam. Limonene dapat dihasilkan dari minyak atsiri kulit jeruk dan kandungan limonene merupakan komponen  terbesar pada minyak atsiri kulit jeruk. Oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang pretreatment sonikasi  dan steam distillation untuk meningkatkan yield minyak atsiri dari kulit jeruk sebagai media peluruh sampah  styrofoam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu sonikasi dan waktu destilasi terhadap  yield minyak atsiri kulit jeruk yang dihasilkan, serta membuktikan minyak atsiri mampu meluruhkan styrofoam.  Proses ekstraksi kulit jeruk peras dilakukan menggunakan metode steam distillation dengan disertai proses  sonikasi sebagai pretreatment. Kondisi terbaik pada proses ekstraksi dicapai pada waktu sonikasi 1 jam dan  waktu distilasi 6 jam dengan yield yang didapat 2,1095%. Minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan memiliki densitas 0,  827287 gr/ml, viskositas kinematik 0,01025744 cm2/s dan viskositas dinamis 0,0084858 gr/cms. Dari hasil  analisis GC-MS, komponen penyusun minyak atsiri kulit jeruk peras adalah limonene 98,52% dan myrcene 1,48%. Hasil peluruhan styrofoam jenis wadah elektronik menggunakan larutan peluruh dengan komposisi  (minyak atsiri : etanol : air) adalah 1:1:2 kemudian dianalisis dengan GC-FID menunjukkan adanya perubahan  polistiren menjadi monostiren.
PEMBUATAN PLASTIK BIODEGRADABLE DENGAN VARIASI JENIS FILLER DAN PLASTICIZER
Authors: Fadlilah Nada , Udjiana Sigit
Published: September 2022

Sampah plastik masih menjadi masalah yang sukar dipecahkan. Data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) 2021  menyebutkan limbah plastik Indonesia mencapai 66 juta ton per tahun, sehingga dibutuhkan pembuatan  plastik yang mudah terurai, salah satunya menggunakan biji mangga yang dapat digunakan sebagai materi  polimer organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan plastik yang mudah terurai dari  beberapa karakteristik berdasarkan standar yang telah ditentukan yaitu SNI 7188.7:2016. Pembuatan plastik  menggunakan metode penelitian RAL faktorial (Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang disusun faktorial) menggunakan  variasi plasticizer sorbitol dan polyethylene glycols (PEG) 400 serta kalsium silikat 4%, 6%, 8% dan seng oksida  4%, 6%, 8% sebagai variasi filler, kemudian melakukan beberapa pengujian berupa uji biodegradabilitas, water  absorption, kuat tarik dan elongasi untuk mengetahui karakteristik parameter dari hasil pengolahan bioplastik.  Perolehan uji biodegradabilitas terbesar didapatkan oleh sampel A1B1 (sorbitol & kalsium silikat 4%) sebesar  76%, pengujian kuat tarik pada sampel A3B3 (PEG 400 & seng oksida 8%) yaitu 1,6484 MPa, hasil perolehan  elongasi terbaik terdapat pada sampel A2B3 (sorbitol & seng oksida 8%) sebesar 8% kemudian persentase nilai  water absorption yaitu 5% pada sampel A3B1 (PEG 400 30% & seng oksida 4%). Hasil karakterisasi untuk  observasi plastik biodegradable selain pengujian biodegradabilitas masih belum memenuhi standar kemasan  plastik yang mudah terurai.
SELEKSI PROSES DAN PENENTUAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI PADA INDUSTRI DISPROPORTIONATED ROSIN (DPR) DARI GUM ROSIN
Authors: Wardah Afifatul , Chumaidi Achmad
Published: September 2022

Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki wilayah hutan yang cukup luas, Salah satu jenis tanaman yang  terdapat di hutan indonesia adalah pinus. Gum rosin merupakan salah satu produk yang dihasilkan dari proses  pemisahan getah pinus (pinus merkusii) melalui cara penyulingan sehingga menghasilkan minyak terpentin. Salah  satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat rosin modifikasi adalah menggunakan metode  disproporsionasi sehingga menghasilkan produk berupa disproportionated rosin (DPR). pada pembuatan  disproportionated rosin terdapat beberapa macam proses sehingga perlu dilakukan seleksi proses. Pada tahap  seleksi proses pembuatan DPR ini menggunakan metode grading dengan hasil grade 790 pada proses tanpa  katalis, hasil ini didapatkan karena pembuatan tanpa katalis ramah lingkungan, suhu dan tekanan yang digunakan  relatif rendah sehingga menghemat energi serta biaya, bahan baku yang digunakan mudah didapatkan dan  murah, dan menghasilkan kemurnian 99,9% gum rosin. Pada penentuan kapasitas dilakukan dengan perhitungan  pertumbuhan rata-rata pertahun pada proses produksi DPR, dengan menggunakan data ekspor dan impor  disproportionated rosin pada tahun 2016-2020 untuk mendapatkan hasil perkiraan pada tahun 2023. Hasil  penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode proses yang efektif digunakan adalah pembuatan disproportionated  rosin tanpa katalis dengan kapasitas produksi pabrik pada tahun 2023 sebesar 2.500 ton/tahun. Dari hasil  penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pabrik ini layak untuk didirikan.
Measuring the Knowledge and Behaviors of University Students Toward Rational Use of Herbal Supplement Products in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: BÜYÜKER Sultan Mehtap
Published: September 2022

Objective: This study was planned to measure the knowledge and behavior of university students toward the rational use of herbal supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: It was carried out with students from Üsküdar University Faculty of Health Sciences and Health Services Vocational School. The study used a descriptive design and was completed with 640 students who volunteered to participate in the study. The data were collected by using a questionnaire including questions about students’ rational use of herbal supplements according to their gender, faculty, the status of having had COVID-19 viral infection, and the status of having received education on pharmacology and medicinal plant products. Counts, mean scores, and percentage values were used in the evaluation of the data.

Results: It was found that 15.5% of the participants were from the Faculty of Health Sciences and their mean age was 20.8±2.84 years and that 84.5% were from the Health Vocational School and their mean age was 21.42±3.87 years. The rate of having had COVID-19 viral infection among students was 22.7%, having received pharmacology education was 75.5%, and having received education on medicinal plant products was 46.3%.

Conclusion: It was found that the pharmacology and medicinal plant products education received by the students studying health significantly affected the rational use of herbal supplements and that students should be given more education on phytotherapy.
Recent advances in small molecule dye-based nanotheranostics for NIR-II photoacoustic imaging-guided cancer therapy
Authors: Zhou Wen , Yin Likun , Zhang Xuheng , Liang Tingting , Guo Zixin , Liu Yaxin , Xie Chen , Fan Quli
Published: September 2022

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window has gained more and more attention in recent years and showed great potential in the field of bioimaging. Until now, numerous materials have been developed as contrast agents for NIR-II PA imaging. Among them, small molecule dyes hold unique advantages such as definite structures and capability of fast clearance from body. By virtue of these advantages, small molecule dyes-constructed nanoparticles have relatively small size and show promise in the clinical translation. Thus, in this minireview, we summarize recent advances in small molecule dyes-based nanotheranostics for NIR-II PA imaging and cancer therapy. Studies about NIR-II PA imaging-guided phototherapy are first introduced. Then, NIR-II PA imaging-guided phototherapy-based combination therapeutic systems are reviewed. Finally, the conclusion and perspectives of this field are summarized and discussed.
Natural biopolymer scaffold for meniscus tissue engineering
Authors: Peng Yachen , Lu Meng , Zhou Zhongsheng , Wang Chenyu , Liu Enbo , Zhang Yanbo , Liu Tong , Zuo Jianlin
Published: September 2022

Meniscal injuries caused by trauma, degeneration, osteoarthritis, or other diseases always result in severe joint pain and motor dysfunction. Due to the unique anatomy of the human meniscus, the damaged meniscus lacks the ability to repair itself. Moreover, current clinical treatments for meniscal injuries, including meniscal suturing or resection, have significant limitations and drawbacks. With developments in tissue engineering, biopolymer scaffolds have shown promise in meniscal injury repair. They act as templates for tissue repair and regeneration, interacting with surrounding cells and providing structural support for newly formed meniscal tissue. Biomaterials offer tremendous advantages in terms of biocompatibility, bioactivity, and modifiable mechanical and degradation kinetics. In this study, the preparation and composition of meniscal biopolymer scaffolds, as well as their properties, are summarized. The current status of research and future research prospects for meniscal biopolymer scaffolds are reviewed in terms of collagen, silk, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, and extracellular matrix (ECM) materials. Overall, such a comprehensive summary provides constructive suggestions for the development of meniscal biopolymer scaffolds in tissue engineering.
Light-mediated control of gene expression in the anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus using photocaged inducers
Authors: Hilgers Fabienne , Hogenkamp Fabian , Klaus Oliver , Kruse Luzie , Loeschcke Anita , Bier Claus , Binder Dennis , Jaeger Karl-Erich , Pietruszka Jörg , Drepper Thomas
Published: September 2022

Photocaged inducer molecules, especially photocaged isopropyl-β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (cIPTG), are well-established optochemical tools for light-regulated gene expression and have been intensively applied in Escherichia coli and other bacteria including Corynebacterium glutamicum, Pseudomonas putida or Bacillus subtilis. In this study, we aimed to implement a light-mediated on-switch for target gene expression in the facultative anoxygenic phototroph Rhodobacter capsulatus by using different cIPTG variants under both phototrophic and non-phototrophic cultivation conditions. We could demonstrate that especially 6-nitropiperonyl-(NP)-cIPTG can be applied for light-mediated induction of target gene expression in this facultative phototrophic bacterium. Furthermore, we successfully applied the optochemical approach to induce the intrinsic carotenoid biosynthesis to showcase engineering of a cellular function. Photocaged IPTG thus represents a light-responsive tool, which offers various promising properties suitable for future applications in biology and biotechnology including automated multi-factorial control of cellular functions as well as optimization of production processes.
Regulatory frameworks can facilitate or hinder the potential for genome editing to contribute to sustainable agricultural development
Authors: Mbaya Hellen , Lillico Simon , Kemp Steve , Simm Geoff , Raybould Alan
Published: September 2022

The advent of new breeding techniques (NBTs), in particular genome editing (GEd), has provided more accurate and precise ways to introduce targeted changes in the genome of both plants and animals. This has resulted in the use of the technology by a wider variety of stakeholders for different applications in comparison to transgenesis. Regulators in different parts of the world are now examining their current frameworks to assess their applicability to these NBTs and their products. We looked at how countries selected from a sample of geographical regions globally are currently handling applications involving GEd organisms and what they foresee as opportunities and potential challenges to acceptance of the technology in their jurisdictions. In addition to regulatory frameworks that create an enabling environment for these NBTs, acceptance of the products by the public is vitally important. We, therefore, suggest that early stakeholder engagement and communication to the public be emphasized to foster public acceptance even before products are ready for market. Furthermore, global cooperation and consensus on issues cutting across regions will be crucial in avoiding regulatory-related bottlenecks that affect global trade and agriculture.
Brief communication: Effects of conditioned media from human platelet lysate cultured MSC on osteogenic cell differentiation in vitro
Authors: Shanbhag Siddharth , Al-Sharabi Niyaz , Mohamed-Ahmed Samih , Gruber Reinhard , Kristoffersen Einar K. , Mustafa Kamal
Published: September 2022

Culturing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in human platelet lysate (HPL) supplemented media can enhance their osteogenic differentiation potential. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that conditioned media (CM) derived from HPL-cultured MSC also have pro-osteogenic effects. Pooled CM was prepared from HPL-cultured human bone marrow MSC (BMSC) of multiple donors and applied on BMSC of different donors (than those used for CM preparation), with or without additional supplementation [HPL, fetal bovine serum (FBS)] and osteogenic stimulation. At various time-points, cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteogenic gene expression and in vitro mineralization were assessed. BMSC in standard unstimulated growth media served as controls. After 3–7 days, CM alone did not promote BMSC proliferation or ALP activity; supplementation of CM with HPL slightly improved these effects. After 2 and 7 days, CM alone, but not CM supplemented with HPL, promoted osteogenic gene expression. After 14 days, only CM supplemented with FBS and osteogenic stimulants supported in vitro BMSC mineralization; CM alone and CM supplemented with HPL did not support mineralization, regardless of osteogenic stimulation. In summary, CM from HPL-cultured BMSC promoted osteogenic gene expression but not in vitro mineralization in allogeneic BMSC even when supplemented with HPL and/or osteogenic stimulants. Future studies should investigate the role and relevance of supplementation and osteogenic induction in in vitro assays using CM from MSC.
What is the contribution of voluntary and reflex processes to sensorimotor control of balance?
Authors: Cherif Amel , Zenzeri Jacopo , Loram Ian
Published: September 2022

The contribution to balance of spinal and transcortical processes including the long-latency reflex is well known. The control of balance has been modelled previously as a continuous, state feedback controller representing, long-latency reflexes. However, the contribution of slower, variable delay processes has not been quantified. Compared with fixed delay processes (spinal, transcortical), we hypothesize that variable delay processes provide the largest contribution to balance and are sensitive to historical context as well as current states. Twenty-two healthy participants used a myoelectric control signal from their leg muscles to maintain balance of their own body while strapped to an actuated, inverted pendulum. We study the myoelectric control signal (u) in relation to the independent disturbance (d) comprising paired, discrete perturbations of varying inter-stimulus-interval (ISI). We fit the closed loop response, u from d, using one linear and two non-linear non-parametric (many parameter) models. Model M1 (ARX) is a generalized, high-order linear-time-invariant (LTI) process with fixed delay. Model M1 is equivalent to any parametric, closed-loop, continuous, linear-time-invariant (LTI), state feedback model. Model M2, a single non-linear process (fixed delay, time-varying amplitude), adds an optimized response amplitude to each stimulus. Model M3, two non-linear processes (one fixed delay, one variable delay, each of time-varying amplitude), add a second process of optimized delay and optimized response amplitude to each stimulus. At short ISI, the myoelectric control signals deviated systematically both from the fixed delay LTI process (M1), and also from the fixed delay, time-varying amplitude process (M2) and not from the two-process model (M3). Analysis of M3 (all fixed delay and variable delay response amplitudes) showed the variable (compared with fixed) delay process 1) made the largest contribution to the response, 2) exhibited refractoriness (increased delay related to short ISI) and 3) was sensitive to stimulus history (stimulus direction 2 relative to stimulus 1). For this whole-body balance task and for these impulsive stimuli, non-linear processes at variable delay are central to control of balance. Compared with fixed delay processes (spinal, transcortical), variable delay processes provided the largest contribution to balance and were sensitive to historical context as well as current states.
Spontaneous transitions between amoeboid and keratocyte-like modes of migration
Authors: Moldenhawer Ted , Moreno Eduardo , Schindler Daniel , Flemming Sven , Holschneider Matthias , Huisinga Wilhelm , Alonso Sergio , Beta Carsten
Published: September 2022

The motility of adherent eukaryotic cells is driven by the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. Despite the common force-generating actin machinery, different cell types often show diverse modes of locomotion that differ in their shape dynamics, speed, and persistence of motion. Recently, experiments in Dictyostelium discoideum have revealed that different motility modes can be induced in this model organism, depending on genetic modifications, developmental conditions, and synthetic changes of intracellular signaling. Here, we report experimental evidence that in a mutated D. discoideum cell line with increased Ras activity, switches between two distinct migratory modes, the amoeboid and fan-shaped type of locomotion, can even spontaneously occur within the same cell. We observed and characterized repeated and reversible switchings between the two modes of locomotion, suggesting that they are distinct behavioral traits that coexist within the same cell. We adapted an established phenomenological motility model that combines a reaction-diffusion system for the intracellular dynamics with a dynamic phase field to account for our experimental findings.
Electrophoretic-deposited MXene titanium coatings in regulating bacteria and cell response for peri-implantitis
Authors: Huang Si , Fu Yu , Mo Anchun
Published: September 2022

Background: Two-dimensional(2D)MXenes have continued to receive increasing interest from researchers due to their graphene-like properties, in addition to their versatile properties for applications in electronic devices, power generation, sensors, drug delivery, and biomedicine. However, their construction and biological properties as titanium coatings to prevent peri-implantitis are still unclear.

Materials and methods: In this work, few-layer Ti3C2Tx MXene coatings with different thicknesses at varied depositing voltages (30, 40, and 50 V) were constructed by anodic electrophoretic deposition without adding any electrolytic ions. In vitro cytocompatibility assay was performed on preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) cell lines after the characterization of the coating. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activity against bacteria which are closely related to peri-implantitis including Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and its drug-resistant strain MRSA was further investigated.

Results: MXene-coated titanium models with different thicknesses were successfully assembled by analyzing the results of characterization. The compounding of Ti3C2Tx could significantly improve the initial adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, the coating can effectively inhibit the adhesion and cell activity of S. aureus and MRSA, and MRSA expressed greater restricting behavior than S. aureus. The ability to promote antibacterial activity is proportional to the content of Ti3C2Tx. Its antioxidant capacity to reduce ROS in the culture environment and bacterial cells was first revealed.

Conclusion: In summary, this work shows a new avenue for MXene-based nano-biomaterials under the clinical problem of multiple antibiotic resistance.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and vaccination against pathogens
Authors: Prochetto Estefanía , Borgna Eliana , Jiménez-Cortegana Carlos , Sánchez-Margalet Víctor , Cabrera Gabriel
Published: September 2022

It is widely accepted that the immune system includes molecular and cellular components that play a role in regulating and suppressing the effector immune response in almost any process in which the immune system is involved. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are described as a heterogeneous population of myeloid origin, immature state, with a strong capacity to suppress T cells and other immune populations. Although the initial characterization of these cells was strongly associated with pathological conditions such as cancer and then with chronic and acute infections, extensive evidence supports that MDSCs are also involved in physiological/non-pathological settings, including pregnancy, neonatal period, aging, and vaccination. Vaccination is one of the greatest public health achievements and has reduced mortality and morbidity caused by many pathogens. The primary goal of prophylactic vaccination is to induce protection against a potential pathogen by mimicking, at least in a part, the events that take place during its natural interaction with the host. This strategy allows the immune system to prepare humoral and cellular effector components to cope with the real infection. This approach has been successful in developing vaccines against many pathogens. However, when the infectious agents can evade and subvert the host immune system, inducing cells with regulatory/suppressive capacity, the development of vaccines may not be straightforward. Notably, there is a long list of complex pathogens that can expand MDSCs, for which a vaccine is still not available. Moreover, vaccination against numerous bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi has also been shown to cause MDSC expansion. Increases are not due to a particular adjuvant or immunization route; indeed, numerous adjuvants and immunization routes have been reported to cause an accumulation of this immunosuppressive population. Most of the reports describe that, according to their suppressive nature, MDSCs may limit vaccine efficacy. Taking into account the accumulated evidence supporting the involvement of MDSCs in vaccination, this review aims to compile the studies that highlight the role of MDSCs during the assessment of vaccines against pathogens.
Enzyme linked oligonucleotide assay for the sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Shola David Michael , Kanayeva Damira
Published: September 2022

The exponential spread of COVID-19 has prompted the need to develop a simple and sensitive diagnostic tool. Aptamer-based detection assays like ELONA are promising since they are inexpensive and sensitive. Aptamers have advantages over antibodies in wide modification, small size, in vitro selection, and stability under stringent conditions, which aid in scalable and reliable detection. In this work, we used aptamers against SARS-CoV-2 RBD S protein to design a simple and sensitive ELONA detection tool. Screening CoV2-RBD-1C and CoV2-RBD-4C aptamers and optimizing assay conditions led to the development of a direct ELONA that can detect SARS-CoV-2 RBD S glycoprotein in buffer solution and 0.1 % human nasal fluid with a detection limit of 2.16 ng/mL and 1.02 ng/mL, respectively. We detected inactivated Alpha, Wuhan, and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 with the detection limit of 3.73, 5.72, and 6.02 TCID50/mL, respectively. Using the two aptamers as capture and reporter elements, we designed a more sensitive sandwich assay to identify the three SARS-CoV-2 variants employed in this research. As predicted, a lower detection limit was obtained. Sandwich assay LOD was 2.31 TCID50/mL for Alpha, 1.15 TCID50/mL for Wuhan, and 2.96 TCID50/mL for Delta. The sensitivity of sandwich ELONA was validated using Alpha and Wuhan variants spiked in 0.1% human nasal fluid sample condition and were detected in 1.41 and 1.79 TCID50/mL LOD, respectively. SEM was used to visualize the presence of viral particles in the Delta variant sample. The effective detection of SARS-CoV-2 in this study confirms the potential of our aptamer-based technique as a screening tool.
Negative correlation between ACE2 gene expression levels and loss of taste in a cohort of COVID-19 hospitalized patients: New clues to long-term cognitive disorders
Authors: Braga-Paz Isabela , Ferreira de Araújo João Locke , Alves Hugo José , de Ávila Renata Eliane , Resende Gustavo Gomes , Teixeira Mauro Martins , de Aguiar Renato Santana , de Souza Renan Pedra , Bahia Diana
Published: September 2022

In early 2020, one of the most prevalent symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection was the loss of smell (anosmia), found in 60-70% of all cases. Anosmia used to occur early, concomitantly with other symptoms, and often persisted after recovery for an extended period, sometimes for months. In addition to smell disturbance, COVID-19 has also been associated with loss of taste (ageusia). The latest research suggests that SARS-CoV-2 could spread from the respiratory system to the brain through receptors in sustentacular cells localized to the olfactory epithelium. The virus invades human cells via the obligatory receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2), and a priming protease, TMPRSS2, facilitating viral penetration. There is an abundant expression of both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in sustentacular cells. In this study, we evaluated 102 COVID-19 hospitalized patients, of which 17.60% presented anosmia and 9.80% ageusia. ACE1, ACE2, and TMPRSS2 gene expression levels in nasopharyngeal tissue were obtained by RT-qPCR and measured using ΔCT analysis. ACE1 Alu287bp association was also evaluated. Logistic regression models were generated to estimate the effects of variables on ageusia and anosmia Association of ACE2 expression levels with ageusia. was observed (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.098-1.775); however, no association was observed between TMPRSS2 and ACE1 expression levels and ageusia. No association was observed among the three genes and anosmia, and the Alu287bp polymorphism was not associated with any of the outcomes. Lastly, we discuss whetherthere is a bridge linking these initial symptoms, including molecular factors, to long-term COVID-19 health consequences such as cognitive dysfunctions.
Case report: Sudden cardiorespiratory collapse in a healthy male after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination at a vaccination center
Authors: Chan Cze Ci , Lin Chia-Pin , Chang Chi-Jen , Chu Pao-Hsien
Published: September 2022

Since 2020, new vaccines were developed to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccination is important in preventing mortality and achieving herd immunity. However, due to vast vaccination, fatal adverse events could be seen. We report a case of a previously healthy, young male who had a cardiopulmonary arrest 2 min after receiving the Oxford- AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) COVID-19 vaccination. After targeted temperature management, a coronary angiogram was performed after neurological recovery and showed severe stenosis at the proximal left anterior descending artery. Stenting was done and he was discharge. No similar case of sudden cardiorespiratory collapse immediately after COVID-19 vaccination has been reported. Our patient did not have any effort-related angina or dyspnea on exertion before this event. The sudden cardiorespiratory collapse was probably related to underlying coronary artery disease, complicated with a vasovagal event. We stress the importance of coronary angiography in out of hospital cardiac arrest patients after neurological recovery. In the era of COVID-19 vaccination, even though fatal adverse events following immunization are rare, heightened awareness of severe side effects needing medical attention is very important.
Trimethyllysine, a trimethylamine N-oxide precursor, predicts the presence, severity, and prognosis of heart failure
Authors: Zong Xiao , Fan Qin , Yang Qian , Pan Roubai , Zhuang Lingfang , Xi Rui , Zhang Ruiyan , Tao Rong
Published: September 2022

Background and aims

Intestinal flora metabolites are associated with cardiovascular (CV) diseases including heart failure (HF). The carnitine precursor trimethyllysine (TML), which participates in the generation of the atherogenic-related metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), was found to be related to poor prognosis in patients with CV diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between TML and stable chronic HF.

Methods and results

In total, 956 subjects including 471 stable chronic HF and 485 non-HF patients were enrolled in the present cohort study and subjects with stable HF were followed up for 2.0 ± 1.1 years. Serum levels of TML and TMAO were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in tandem. TML levels were significantly elevated in patients with HF compared with non-HF patients and were positively correlated with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) levels (r = 0.448, P < 0.001). TML was associated with the presence of HF after adjusting for age, sex, complications, traditional clinical factors, and TMAO (tertile 3 (T3), adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–3.13, and P = 0.007). In patients with HF, increased TML levels were associated with a composite endpoint of CV death and HF hospitalization during follow-up (T3, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.93, 95% CI 1.27–2.93, and P = 0.002). Increased TML levels indicated a higher risk of CV death, re-hospitalization, and all-cause mortality.

Conclusion

Serum TML levels were associated with the presence and severity of HF in all subjects. High levels of TML can indicate complications and poor prognosis in HF patients.
A novel predictive model for new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients after isolated cardiac valve surgery
Authors: Yang Heng , Yuan Chen , Yang Juesheng , Xiang Haiyan , Lan Wanqi , Tang Yanhua
Published: September 2022

Background

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a severe complication after cardiac surgery and is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke and mortality. The main aim of this study was to identify the independent predictors associated with POAF after isolated valve operation and to develop a risk prediction model.

Methods

This retrospective observational study involved patients without previous AF who underwent isolated valve surgery from November 2018 to October 2021. Patients were stratified into two groups according to the development of new-onset POAF. Baseline characteristics and perioperative data were collected from the two groups of patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify independent risk factors for the occurrence of POAF, and the results of the multivariate analysis were used to create a predictive nomogram.

Results

A total of 422 patients were included in the study, of which 163 (38.6%) developed POAF. The Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that cardiac function (odds ratio [OR] = 2.881, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.595–5.206; P < 0.001), Left atrial diameter index (OR = 1.071, 95%CI = 1.028–1.117; P = 0.001), Operative time (OR = 1.532, 95%CI = 1.095–2.141; P = 0.013), Neutrophil count (OR = 1.042, 95%CI = 1.006–1.08; P = 0.021) and the magnitude of fever (OR = 3.414, 95%CI = 2.454–4.751; P < 0.001) were independent predictors of POAF. The above Variables were incorporated, and a nomogram was successfully constructed with a C-index of 0.810. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.817.

Conclusion

Cardiac function, left atrial diameter index, operative time, neutrophil count, and fever were independent predictors of POAF in patients with isolated valve surgery. Establishing a nomogram model based on the above predictors helps predict the risk of POAF and may have potential clinical utility in preventive interventions.
Smaller left ventricular end-systolic diameter and lower ejection fraction at baseline associated with greater ejection fraction improvement after revascularization among patients with left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Wang Shaoping , Lyu Yi , Cheng Shujuan , Zhang Yuchao , Gu Xiaoyan , Gong Ming , Liu Jinghua
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To investigate the predictive roles of pre-operative left ventricular (LV) size and ejection fraction (EF) in EF improvement and outcome following revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and LV dysfunction.

Background

Revascularization may improve EF and long-term outcomes of patients with LV dysfunction. However, the determinants of EF improvement have not yet been investigated comprehensively.

Materials and methods

Patients with EF measurements before and 3 months after revascularization were enrolled in a cohort study (No. ChiCTR2100044378). All patients had baseline EF ≤ 40%. EF improvement was defined as absolute increase in EF > 5%. According to LV end-systolic diameter (LVESD) (severely enlarged or not) and EF (≤35% or of 36–40%) at baseline, patients were categorized into four groups.

Results

A total of 939 patients were identified. A total of 549 (58.5%) had EF improved. Both LVESD [odds ratio (OR) per 1 mm decrease, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04–1.07; P < 0.001] and EF (OR per 1% decrease, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.03–1.10; P < 0.001) at baseline were predictive of EF improvement after revascularization. Patients with LVESD not severely enlarged and EF ≤ 35% had higher odds of being in the EF improved group in comparison with other three groups both in unadjusted and adjusted analysis (all P < 0.001). The median follow-up time was 3.5 years. Patients with LVESD not severely enlarged and EF ≤ 35% had significantly lower risk of all-cause death in comparison with patients with LVESD severely enlarged and EF ≤ 35% [hazard ratio (HR), 2.73; 95% CI, 1.28–5.82; P = 0.009], and tended to have lower risk in comparison with patients with LVESD severely enlarged and EF of 36–40% (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 0.93–4.27; P = 0.074).

Conclusion

Among CAD patients with reduced EF (≤ 40%) who underwent revascularization, smaller pre-operative LVESD and lower EF had greatest potential to have EF improvement and better outcome. Our findings imply the indication for revascularization in patients with LV dysfunction who presented with lower EF but smaller LV size.
Thrombotic events with or without thrombocytopenia in recipients of adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines
Authors: Cari Luigi , Naghavi Alhosseini Mahdieh , Bergamo Alberta , Pacor Sabrina , Pierno Sabata , Sava Gianni , Nocentini Giuseppe
Published: September 2022

COVID-19, the severe acute respiratory syndrome, is one of the major emergencies that have affected health care systems. Drugs and oxygen are only partially effective in saving lives in patients with severe COVID-19, and the most important protection from death is vaccination. The widespread use of COVID-19 adenovirus-based vaccines has provided evidence for the occurrence of rare venous thrombotic events including cerebral venous thrombosis and splanchnic venous thrombosis in recipients of Vaxzevria and Jcovden vaccines and the review focus on them. One year ago, thromboses in Vaxzevria recipients have been associated with thrombocytopenia in the presence of antibodies to platelet factor 4 and have been called vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). The incidence of VITT is equal to 9-31 events per one million doses of vaccines as evaluated by health agencies worldwide and is higher in female and young vaccine recipients. More recently, by using the European EudraVigilance database, it has been demonstrated that the incidence of thrombosis in recipients of adenovirus-based vaccines is 5–10 fold higher than that of VITT and 7–12 fold higher than observed in the recipients of Comirnaty, an mRNA-based vaccine, suggesting that adenovirus-based vaccines cause not only VITT but also thrombosis without thrombocytopenia (non-VITT thrombosis). The incidence of the vaccine-dependent non-VITT thrombosis is different in the adenovirus-based vaccines and the VITT/non-VITT incidence ratio depends on the severity of thrombosis and is inversely related to the age of the recipients. The possible causes and clinical implications of non-VITT thrombosis in vaccine recipients are discussed.
Glycosaminoglycans affect endothelial to mesenchymal transformation, proliferation, and calcification in a 3D model of aortic valve disease
Authors: Bramsen Jonathan Alejandro , Alber Bridget R. , Mendoza Melissa , Murray Bruce T. , Chen Mei-Hsiu , Huang Peter , Mahler Gretchen J.
Published: September 2022

Calcific nodules form in the fibrosa layer of the aortic valve in calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are normally found in the valve spongiosa, are located local to calcific nodules. Previous work suggests that GAGs induce endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EndMT), a phenomenon described by endothelial cells’ loss of the endothelial markers, gaining of migratory properties, and expression of mesenchymal markers such as alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). EndMT is known to play roles in valvulogenesis and may provide a source of activated fibroblast with a potential role in CAVD progression. In this study, a 3D collagen hydrogel co-culture model of the aortic valve fibrosa was created to study the role of EndMT-derived activated valvular interstitial cell behavior in CAVD progression. Porcine aortic valve interstitial cells (PAVIC) and porcine aortic valve endothelial cells (PAVEC) were cultured within collagen I hydrogels containing the GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS) or hyaluronic acid (HA). The model was used to study alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity, cellular proliferation and matrix invasion, protein expression, and calcific nodule formation of the resident cell populations. CS and HA were found to alter ALP activity and increase cell proliferation. CS increased the formation of calcified nodules without the addition of osteogenic culture medium. This model has applications in the improvement of bioprosthetic valves by making replacements more micro-compositionally dynamic, as well as providing a platform for testing new pharmaceutical treatments of CAVD.
Prognostic impact of physical activity patterns after percutaneous coronary intervention. Protocol for a prospective longitudinal cohort. The PIPAP study
Authors: Gonzalez-Jaramillo Nathalia , Eser Prisca , Casanova Flurina , Bano Arjola , Franco Oscar H. , Windecker Stephan , Räber Lorenz , Wilhelm Matthias
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Current guidelines recommend wearable activity trackers to detect insufficient physical activity (PA) and help increase PA to prevent or ameliorate cardiovascular disease. However, there is a paucity of data regarding how objectively measured PA trajectories, patterns, and sedentary time, are associated with mortality and recurrent events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD). Additionally, it remains unclear if early PA and sedentary time after PCI are associated with such outcomes. Therefore, in the present study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04663373), we aim to establish the associations of objectively measured PA with major adverse cardiac events and mortality at one-year follow-up.

Methods and analysis

In this single-centre observational study, patients with CAD will be prospectively recruited immediately after PCI. All the information from the clinical history, baseline characteristics, and outcomes during follow-up will be obtained from the CARDIOBASE registry. Accelerometer data will be collected for 18 days following hospital discharge and 14 days at one-year follow-up. PA trajectories will be identified by group-based trajectory modeling. Major adverse cardiac events and mortality will be prospectively monitored up to 1 year after PCI. All data will be collected using Research Electronic Data Capture.