bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geometric Evaluation of Forced Convective Flows across an Arrangement of Four Circular Cylinders
Authors: Pereira Martim dos Santos , Feijó Bruno Costa , Teixeira Filipe Branco , Isoldi Liércio André , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira , Goulart Jhon Nero Vaz , dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues
Published: March 2017

The present study consists in a numerical evaluation of an arrangement formed by four cylinders submitted to an unsteady, two-dimensional, incompressible, laminar and forced convective flow. The geometric evaluation is performed through the Constructal Design method. The problem has two restrictions given by the sum of the area of ​​the cylinders and one occupation area and has three degrees of freedom: ST1/D (the ratio between the transverse pitch of the frontal cylinders and the diameter of the cylinders), ST2/D (the ratio between the transverse pitch of the posterior cylinders and the diameter of the cylinders) and SL/D (ratio between the longitudinal pitch of the frontal and posterior cylinders and the diameter of the cylinders). For all simulations the Reynolds number is kept constant, ReD = 100, and two different Prandtl numbers of Pr = 0.71 and 5.83 are considered, which simulates respectively the use of air and water as a fluid. The conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy are solved with the Finite Volume Method (FVM). The main objective is to evaluate the effect of the degrees of freedom on the drag coefficient (CD) and the Nusselt number (NuD) between the cylinders and the surrounding flow, as well as the optimal ST2/D values ​​for three ratios of ST1/D = 1.5, 3.0 and 4.0, these results being obtained for ratios of SL/D = 1.5 and 4.0. Results showed that the ratio changes of ST1/D and ST2/D have a great influence on the drag coefficients and on the Nusselt number of the arrangement formed by the four cylinders, as well as on the geometries leading to the best fluid dynamics and thermal performance.
Numerical Study of the Effect of Reynolds Number and Aspect Ratio in Heat Transfer from Elliptical Tubes to Viscoplastic Fluids Employing Constructal Design
Authors: Hermany Lober , Klein Rafael José , Zinani Flavia Schwarz Franceschini , Isoldi Liércio André , dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira
Published: March 2017

The present work aims to obtain geometries that ease the heat transfer from elliptical section tubes to cross flow of viscoplastic fluids. The Construtal Design method is applied to obtain aspect ratios between the axes of the elliptic sections that maximize the Nusselt number. The tubes elliptical section area is fixed, but the aspect ratio between their axes is free to change in order to optimize this geometry for different Reynolds numbers (Re). The viscoplastic fluid behavior is modeled using the Herschel-Bulkley constitutive equation for the viscosity function. The governing differential equations are solved numerically by the finite volume method. The values of the dimensionless numbers, Prandtl (Pr), modified Bingham (Bn*) and flow index (n), were kept constant and equal to 1, 1 and 0.4, respectively. The Reynolds number was varied from 1 to 40. The results obtained show that increasing the number of Reynolds results in a greater heat transfer. In addition, the optimal aspect ratio is smaller the greater the Reynolds number is. It was found that, as the aspect ratio grows, heat transfer increases due to flow acceleration, but also decreases due to the low strain rate zone downstream the tube, which possesses recirculation and unyielded material. The balance between these effects gives the optimum point.
Design of Cooling Cavities by the Application of the Constructal Design
Authors: Vianna Júlio César Burlamaqui , Estrada Emanuel da Silva Diaz , Isoldi Liércio André , dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues , Souza Jeferson Avila
Published: March 2017

This paper develops a numerical study about the geometry of isothermal cavities in solid bodies with internal heat generation. The solid is constituted of a isotropic material, with low thermal conductivity, and adiabatic external surfaces. The cavity is used to dissipate the internally generated heat. An evolutionary algorithm is proposed, based on Constructal Theory, that builds a cavity able to maximize the heat transfer between the solid body and the ambient. Initial solid geometry (a squared fin) is divided into smaller squared elements (regions) that will be remove in order to build the cavity. First element is removed from the bottom center of the geometry and other elements are, at every step, removed so that minimize the hot spots in the solid domain. At every stage of the building process, thermal diffusion equation is numerically solved by the finite element method (FEM). The cavity construction must be flexible so that it freely progresses (evolves) in direction to the hot spots. Results show that the smaller the elements (resolution) used in the cavity construction the lower will be the maximum temperature. Besides that, present results are compare with similar works for cavities C, H, X e Y, presented in literature, showing that current methodology is very efficient in minimizing maximum solid internal temperature.
Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Atmospheric Pollutant Dispersion
Authors: Scotton Jaque W. , Becker Zardo , Savicki Darci L. , Goulart Antonio
Published: March 2017

This work presents a mathematical modeling and numerical solution of dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. The equations of conservation of mass, amount of movement, energy and a chemical species are solved by the Finite Volume Method in Cartesian coordinates and the turbulence closure is based on the Reynolds averages (RANS models), using the model k-ε for the determination of the fields of velocity, temperature and, in a specific case, concentration of pollutant. The numerical results are compared with data from the classic Prairie Grass experiment, showing excellent agreement.
Computation of the Effective Conductivity of Fibrous Composites with Imperfect Thermal Contact by Combination of Asymptotic Homogenization, Domain Decomposition and Finite Elements Methods
Authors: León-Mecías Ángela M. , Mesejo-Chiong José A. , Pérez-Fernández Leslie D. , Bravo-Castillero Julián
Published: March 2017

The methods of asymptotic homogenization, domain decomposition and finite elements are combined for the computation of the effective thermal conductivity of periodic biphasic fibrous composites with interfacial thermal resistance. The asymptotic homogenization method is used to obtain the so-called local problems on the periodic cell whose solution allows the calculation of the effective conductivity tensor. The numerical solution of the local problems requires a special treatment because of the temperature discontinuity on the interfaces due to the thermal barrier. In the present work these problems are decomposed into two, one for each phase, linked via a coupling condition. The finite element method, implemented in the software FreeFEM++, is employed to solve the resulting problems on each phase. FreeFEM++, which is based on the variational formulation of the problems, potentially allows to consider arbitrary shapes for both the fiber and the periodic cell cross sections. Numerical results for a square periodic cell with fibers of circular cross-section are presented and compared with results from other reported approaches.
Regular and Irregular Wave Propagation Analysis in a Flume with Numerical Beach Using a Navier-Stokes Based Model
Authors: Lisboa Rodrigo C. , Teixeira Paulo R.F. , Didier Eric
Published: March 2017

This paper describes the analysis of the propagation of regular and irregular waves in a flume by using Fluent® model, which is based on the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations and employs the finite volume method and the Volume of Fluid (VoF) technique to deal with two-phase flows (air and water). At the end of the flume, a numerical beach is used to suppress wave reflections. The methodology consists of adding a damping sink term to the momentum equation. In this study, this term is calibrated for three cases of regular incident waves (H = 1 m, T = 5, 7.5, and 12 s) by varying the linear and quadratic damping coefficients of the formulation. In general, while lower values of damping coefficients cause residuals on the free surface elevation due to wave interactions with the outlet boundary, reflection occurs on the numerical beach when higher values are used. A range of optimal damping coefficients are found considering one of them null. In one of these cases, temporal series of free surface elevation are compared with theoretical ones and very good agreement is reached. Afterwards, an irregular wave propagation, characterized by a JONSWAP spectrum, is investigated. Several gauges along the flume are evaluated and good agreement between the spectrum obtained numerically and the ones imposed at beginning of the flume is verified. This study shows the capacity of NS models, such as Fluent®, to simulate adequately regular and irregular wave propagations in a flume with numerical beach to avoid reflections.
Contact Friction Simulating between Two Rock Bodies Using ANSYS
Authors: Ghouilem Kamel , Mehaddene Rachid , Kadri Mohammed
Published: March 2017

The ANSYS® Finite Element Method (FEM) program offers a variety of elements designed to treat cases of changing mechanical contact between the parts of an assembly or between different faces of a single part. These elements range from simple, limited idealizations to complex and sophisticated, general purpose algorithms. Contact problems are highly nonlinear and require significant computer resources to solve. Recently, analysts and designers have begun to use numerical simulation alone as an acceptable mean of validation employing numerical Finite Element Method (FEM). Contact problems fall into two general classes: rigid-to-flexible and flexible-to-flexible. In general, any time a soft material comes in contact with a hard material, the problem may be assumed to be rigid-to-flexible. The other class, flexible-to-flexible, is the more common type. To model a contact problem, you first need to identify the parts to be analyzed for their possible interaction. If one of the interactions is at a point, the corresponding component of your model is a node. If one of the interactions is at a surface, the corresponding component of your model is an element. The finite element model recognizes possible contact pairs by the presence of specific contact elements. These contact elements are overlaid on the parts of the model that are being analyzed for interaction. This paper present a simulation contact friction between Two Rock bodies loaded under two types of load condition: Axial pressure Load “σ” and Tangential Load “τ”. ANSYS® software has been used to perform the numerical calculation in this paper.
Glass Surfaces for Benefits of Daylight in Social Housing
Authors: Di Salvo Santina
Published: March 2017

Internal environment and appropriate natural lighting of the building interior largely affects the health status and course of treatment of patients with psychiatric diagnoses such as depression, Alzheimer and disorder of functions. In particolar, this paper aims to show how smart glass surfaces, allowing the entry of natural lighting, can better support therapeutic process. It is important to elaborate knowledge for optimized lighting conditions in different healthy populations as well as in patients suffering from visual impairments and circadian rhythm disorders. To contribute to the development of new technologies about smart glass surfaces related to various aspects of light conditions for different populations and patients. In the process of preparation of architectural guidelines it is essential to summarize the findings of the researchers, technologiekst, designers, doctors and other related professionals working in particular environments and based on their incentives to specify requirements the architectural or technical design of the space for elederly people.
A New Method to Fabricate Fe-TiC Composite Using Conventional Sintering and Steam Hammer
Authors: Lahouel Ali , Boudebane Said , Iost Alain , Montagne Alex
Published: March 2017

The aim of this research paper is to fabricate a Fe-TiC composite by a novel and simple manufacturing method. The latter is based on two cumulative processes; a conventional sintering (transient liquid phase sintering) and a hot forging with steam hammer respectively. The blinder phase of the studied simples is varied from carbon steel to high alloy steel using alloying additive powders. The obtained outcomes showed that after the sintering process, the relative density of the performed simples is improved from 86% to 95.8% without any densification process. Otherwise, in order to ensure maximum densification and enhance in addition the solubility of the alloying additives the hot forging process is then applied. Indeed, the final obtained composite product is a TiC-strengthened steel with a relative density around 99% (about 6.5 g/cm3 of density) wherein 30% (wt.) of spherical and semi-spherical TiC particles are homogeneously distributed in the metal matrix.
Modeling of Cutting Performances in Turning Process Using Multiple Regression Method
Authors: Dahbi Samya , Ezzine Latifa , El Moussami Haj
Published: March 2017

This paper presents the modeling of cutting performances in turning of 2017A aluminium alloy at four turning parameters: cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and tool nose radius. These performances include: surface roughness, cutting forces, cutting temperature, material removal rate, cutting power, and specific cutting pressure. The experimental data were collected by conducting turning experiments on a Computer Numerically Controlled lathe and by measuring the cutting performances with forces measuring chain, an infrared camera, and a roughness tester. The collected data were used to develop multiple regression models for the pre-cited cutting performances and investigate the effects of turning parameters and their interactions on responses. To evaluate the accuracy of the developed models, two performance criteria were used: Correlation Coefficient (R²) and Average Percentage Error (APE). It was clearly seen that the multiple regression models estimate the cutting performances with high accuracy: R²>94% and APE<7%. Therefore, this method is an effective tool for modeling the cutting performances in turning process.
Diameter Inconsistency, Strength and Corrosion Characteristics of Locally-Produced and Imported Steel Reinforcing Bars in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Bamigboye Gideon , Olaniyi Oluwole A. , Olukanni David O. , Ede Anthony N. , Akinwumi Isaac I.
Published: March 2017

There has been increasing incidents of collapse of reinforced concrete buildings in Nigeria. Many research works, suspecting the quality of concrete produced in Nigeria, have focused on concrete with few attention on steel, perhaps because its production is usually in a more controlled environment. Over the years, many clients of building construction projects or their representatives have shown preference for imported steel bars over the locally-produced steel bars. This research work sets out to investigate the quality of steel reinforcement produced locally and compare them with imported steel bars. The diameter of the two classes of bars available in the open market at Ilorin, Nigeria were measured and their deviations from their manufacturer’s designated diameter were determined. Also, their response to the application of load and deterioration in different environments, simulated by their immersion in water, hydrochloric acid (HCL) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), were studied. Locally-produced bars deviated more from their designated diameter than the imported bars. The imported steel bars have higher strength and experienced lower strain compared to the locally produced steel. They also showed better corrosion resistance, when immersed in distilled water and HCL, than the locally-produced steel bars. The preference for imported steel by clients of building projects is justified.There is a need for regulatory bodies, such as the Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON), to strictly monitor and penalize local steel manufacturers that engage in corrupt practices leading to significant dimensional and strength deviations from specification. This has the potential of minimizing the incidence of building collapse in Nigeria.
Design Considerations Influencing Optical Response in Gold Spherical Nanoparticles
Authors: Maghoul Amir , Rostami Ali , Matloub Samiyeh , Pourrezaei Amin
Published: March 2017

In this article, the relations between extinction cross section and Gold nanoparticle's parameters such as dimensions have been investigated. In this work, the extinction cross section of the core-shell nanoparticles is analyzed by changing the shell material and its thickness. By this, the interesting results such as shifting resonant peak in optical response are obtained. Moreover, a new model of nanostructure is proposed in which the resonant peak of extinction cross section can be controlled by adding silicon nanoparticles and impurity in the shell. This method can be used for tuning of the scattering properties of the core-shell nanoparticle. In the following, we demonstrate that the effective epsilon properties can be used for tuning of the desired optical response in the combinational structure of the spherical nanoparticles. At the end, the effective relative epsilon is also calculated for the selected structures. The operational frequency band is selected from 300 (THz) to 900 (THz).
Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Sm2O3 Nanoparticles and their Optical Properties
Authors: Xue Han Song , Li Xin Yu , Zhang Wei Na , Chen Yang Yang , You Xiao Chang , Rao Jin Song , Pan Fu Sheng
Published: March 2017

Spherical Sm2O3 nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique in the condition of different microwave radiation power. The microstructure, morphology and optical properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), field emission transmission electron microscope (FETEM) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry. The results showed that the precursors Sm (OH)3 nanorods and SmOHCO3 nanoparticles were obtained during microwave-assisted hydrothermal reaction and decomposed into spherical Sm2O3 nanoparticles after heat treatment. A potential mechanism of the formation of Sm2O3 nanoparticles is proposed. The UV-vis absorption spectra indicated that the samples had high ultraviolet absorption capacity and the energy gap was only 4.83 eV as the radiation power increased to 550 W.
A Facile Synthesis of Acid-Activatable Nanoparticles for Efficient Intracellular Doxorubicin Release
Authors: Ming Cao , Song Xiao Wan , Zhang Yu Jiao , Xu Chang Zhi , Chen Peng , Xia Ru , Hu Tian Long , Qian Jia Sheng , Wu Ke Liang
Published: March 2017

pH responsive polymeric nanoparticles have emerged as a promising technology platform for targeted and controlled drug delivery in recent years. In this paper, endosomal pH-activatable doxorubicin (DOX) and core-crosslinked polymeric nanoparticles (DCNPs) were prepared and investigated for potent growth inhibition of human cancer cells in vitro. In vitro drug release studies, DOX conjugated nanoparticles with hydrazone bond showed a pH sensitive release phenomenon, that is, the releasing is significantly faster at mildly acidic condition with pH of 5.5 than that at physiological condition. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) observations revealed that DOX conjugated nanoparticles delivered and released DOX into the cytosols as well as cell nuclei of Hela cells following 6 h incubation. MTT assays demonstrated that these pH-sensitive DOX nanoparticles exhibited high antitumor effect to HeLa cells. The conjugated DOX polymeric nanoparticles may be a promising candidate as a nanoscale and pH-sensitive drug delivery vehicle for cancer therapy.
Microwave Involved Synthesis of Graphene/Polyaniline Nanocomposite with Superior Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Qiu Han Xun , Han Xue Bing , Li Jing , Qiu Fei Long , Yang Jun He
Published: March 2017

A microwave irradiation involved process was applied to fabrication of graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite via in-situ polymerization of aniline monomers on graphene sheets. Structure and morphology of composites were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectra, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectra. Electrochemical performances for energy storage applications were examined by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements. Owing to the homogeneous coating of polyanilline on the large surface of graphene, graphene/polyaniline composite-based electrode exhibits remarkably enhanced capacitive behavior with a specific capacitance of 429 F/g at 0.2 A g-1, a good cyclic stability and an excellent conducting behavior, which are much superior to those of individual components of composites. The improved electrochemical behavior of the composite resulting from the irradiation of microwave suggests the promising potentials for supercapacitors.
Yukon River Basin ecosystem performance anomaly mapping
Authors: Murnaghan K , Brisco B , Wylie B , Rover J , Bliss N
Published: March 2017

The Yukon River Basin (YRB) is contained in Alaska, Yukon Territory and British Columbia. Under Annex 17 of the MOU between NRCan/CCRS and USGS/EROS annual maps of ecosystem performance anomalies were produced. Growing season average Normalized Difference
Vegetation Index (NDVI) was produced from MODIS with 250 m resolution for years 2000-2005 and used as a proxy for ecosystem performance. A regression tree model for site potential was generated using permafrost (Ice Content, Extent and Landform), surface geology, elevation, slope/aspect, Compound
Topographic Index (CTI), ecoregions, clusters, solar radiation, and Annual Moisture Index (AMI). A performance model included the site potential model and weather data including maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, and growing degree days for four periods each year. The
predominant land cover type, boreal forest, was used, and excluded areas burnt in the previous 30 years. The model was trained using over 15,000 points from different years and different productivities. The residual between measured performance and the modelled performance was calculated. The top
10% was classified as over performing and the bottom 10% was classified as underperforming. An anomaly map was generated for each year of the study. Comparison of forest fire perimeters and detected anomalies show good correspondence. Further work is required to identify the cause of
additional anomalies. Possible other causes include insect infestation, land cover change, or changes to drainage conditions from permafrost degradation. The annual anomaly maps were analyzed to find persistent or emerging over and under performance areas.
International Polar Year - 2012 - Antarctic Region
Authors:   Natural Resources Canada
Published: March 2017

Contained within the Atlas of Canada's Reference Map Series, 1961 to 2012, is a revised bilingual map which was produced as a special product for the International Polar Year 2012. It was produced from the British Antarctic Survey (2010) Antarctica and the Arctic
1:10 000 000 scale map, Series BAS (Misc) Sheets 15A and 15B. Its round shape shows detail from south of 60 degrees latitude. The map uses the Polar Stereographic projection. All international boundaries are shown. Some seasonally populated places are shown. A number of significant features can be
found such as coastline and ice shelves; bathymetry; ice/rock limits; contours, key mountain summits and hill-shaded terrain, and scientific research stations.
Northern Canada
Authors:   Natural Resources Canada
Published: March 2017

The vast Canadian geography north of approximately 50° latitude is depicted on the map Northern Canada / Nord du Canada. This bilingual map is the latest in the Atlas of Canada's series of reference maps. The four million scale provides a detailed regional
base of the north. An inset of the Labrador coast shows the cultural connection of Nunatsiavut to the Inuit of Nunavut. The map shows the populated places in the three territories, the northern areas of the provinces, and adjacent areas of Russia, Alaska, and Greenland. Major roads and railways are
mapped along with a selection of airports and seaplane bases. Major ports are identified by showing cargo and/or ferry movements throughout the north. The map also has an economic focus with the addition of energy,mineral and metal resource extraction sites (mines, natural gas and crude oil fields)
and major pipelines. Important to any understanding of the north is the physical geography. The map shows the relief, bathymetry, major glaciers, ice fields,
Mineralogy of a fertile fluid conduit related to unconformity-type uranium deposits in the Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan
Authors: Adlakha E E , Hattori K , Zaluski G , Kotzer T G , Davis W
J , Potter E G
Published: March 2017

This report documents the occurrence and chemical variation of hydrothermal alteration minerals along the P2 fault, the structural host for the world-class McArthur River uranium deposit, in order to identify the mineralogical footprint of ore-forming fluids,
define exploration criteria for fertile basement structures associated with this deposit type and infer the nature of the fluids. An assemblage of florencite (LREE-rich aluminum phosphate-sulphate; APS) and magnesio- foitite (alkali deficient Mg tourmaline) with sudoite and illite formed in the
basement rocks along the P2 fault and is distinct relative to the alteration assemblages that formed in the basement rocks outside the fault. This assemblage occurs along the entire P2 fault, regardless of its proximity to the McArthur River uranium deposit and is interpreted to be the mineralogical
footprint of ore-forming fluids. It may be useful when targeting fertile basement faults during exploration. Compositional zoning in APS minerals indicate that earlier fluids were SO4 2--rich and became P and LREErich through interactions with the basement rocks. The chemical composition of
florencite and magnesio-foitite indicates that mineralizing fluids contained low Na and were enriched in REE, especially in the ore zone. High d11B values in magnesio-foitite are interpreted as being sourced from B dissolution by fluids from evaporitic rocks. The similar chemistry and occurrence of
these minerals along the entire P2 fault, regardless of proximity to ore, indicate that the P2 fault was a conduit for mineralizing fluids and that the precipitation of uranium was selective to the location of the McArthur River deposit.
Precious metal enrichment processes in volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits - a summary of key features, with an emphasis on TGI-4 research contributions
Authors: Mercier-Langevin P , Hannington M D , Dubé B , Piercey S
J , Peter J M , Pehrsson S
J
Published: March 2017

Volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits contain precious metals (Au, Ag) that can be present in high to low grades and total amounts; depending on tonnage and/or precious metal grade, such deposits can represent desirable exploration targets. Globally, deposits
with >3.46 g/t Au are considered "auriferous", those with >-31 t of contained Au are "anomalous", and those with both large tonnage (>-31 t Au) and high gold grade (>3.46 g/t Au) are considered "Au-rich". There are still no clear statistical criteria to
determine thresholds that would define "anomalous" Ag grades and/or total amount of Ag in volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits, as grades vary widely depending on the nature of the host succession. Two general requisites may explain anomalous primary precious metal budgets in volcanogenic massive
sulphide deposits: 1) inherently Au- and/or Ag-enriched source rocks and fluids due to a specific geodynamic setting or heritage and/or to magmatic input, and 2) efficient transport (favourable ligands) and precipitation (e.g. boiling/phase separation, zone refining). These two requisites, which are
of different scales, may or may not be mutually exclusive. Late or "secondary" Au- and/or Ag-enrichment in volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits can be due to the superposition of mineralizing systems of a different style (e.g. epithermal, intrusion-related, orogenic, etc.). Weathering processes
(e.g. supergene enrichment) on the seafloor or on land can also significantly modify the distributions of precious metals in a volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit.
Volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits in volcanic belts that formed in pericratonic settings or on older crust basement in the early stages of rifting are commonly slightly better endowed in precious metals than those formed in belts or settings with no or limited basement influence. Gold-rich and
auriferous VMS are preferentially associated with calc-alkaline or transitional magmatic successions, with andesite-dacite-rhyodacite- rhyolite magmatic suites and with thick (10s to 100s of m) felsic volcanic packages. Evidence for a magmatic input and of deposition in response to boiling/phase
separation include the presence of complex mineral assemblages comprising sulphosalts, sulphides, native elements, and anomalous trace element signatures (e.g. enrichment in the "epithermal suite" of elements Au-As-Sb-Ag-Hg and/or in felsic magmaassociated elements Bi-W-Te-In-Sn). A laterally
extensive sericitic (phyllic) }siliceous alteration halo, a zone of intense aluminous (argillic to advanced argillic-style) alteration, and heterogeneous Au and Ag distributions and mineralogical residence sites within or near the sulphide bodies are also indicators of a possible magmatic
contribution of Au, Ag, and other metals, such as Te and Bi, or metal deposition due to boiling in VMS systems.
Volcanic architecture and alteration assemblages of the Ming Cu-Au-(Zn-Ag) VMS deposit, Baie Verte, Newfoundland and Labrador: implications for Au-enrichment processes and exploration
Authors: Pilote J -L , Piercey S J , Mercier-Langevin P
Published: March 2017

The Ming deposit is hosted in Cambro-Ordovician intermediate to felsic rocks underlain by ca. 490 Ma ophiolite slivers of boninitic composition. The deposit consists of five elongated semi-massive to massive sulphide lenses that plunge 30o to the northeast and
occur in the uppermost part of a calc-alkalic intermediate to felsic volcanic succession. The immediate hanging wall varies from mafic volcanic breccia to magnetite- rich volcanogenic siltstone. Three generations of mafic to intermediate intrusive rocks are present in the deposit; they each have
distinctive lithogeochemical signatures and are interpreted to be genetically related to the mafic rocks of the cover sequence.
The Ming deposit has seven distinct alteration mineral assemblages (from proximal to distal from mineralization): quartz-pyrite, quartz-calcite-garnet, sericite-green mica-sulphide, sericite-quartz-pyrite, chlorite- amphibole-quartz, chlorite-sericite-quartz-sulphide, and chlorite-stringer zone
assemblages. A chalcopyrite- pyrrhotite-pyrite stringer zone associated with the chlorite-stringer zone assemblage occurs 50-100 m stratigraphically below the Ming North and Ming South lenses, at what was the site of high-temperature fluid discharge from a hydrothermal system. The spatial and
temporal geological relationships between the stratigraphic package, alteration styles, mineralization, and deformation strongly support a syngenetic origin for mineralization and Au-enrichment.
Geology, hydrothermal alteration, and genesis of the world-class Canadian Malartic stockwork-disseminated Archean gold deposit, Abitibi, Quebec
Authors: De Souza S , Dubé B , McNicoll V J , Dupuis C , Mercier-Langevin P , Creaser R A , Kjarsgaard I M
Published: March 2017

The Canadian Malartic Mine consists of an Archean low-grade bulk tonnage gold deposit (reserves of 10.7 Moz Au @ 0.97 g/t) hosted by clastic metasedimentary rocks of the Pontiac Group and subalkaline porphyritic quartz monzodiorite and granodiorite located
immediately south of the Larder Lake-Cadillac Fault Zone. The quartz monzodiorite and granodiorite yield syn-Timiskaming U-Pb zircon ages of 2677 and 2678 Ma, respectively. Gold mineralization is characterized by zones of quartz-carbonate vein stockwork and disseminated pyrite with a
Au-Te-W-S-Bi-Ag}Pb}Mo metallic signature. These ore zones are dominantly oriented subparallel to the northwest-striking S2 foliation and to the east-striking and south-dipping Sladen Fault, thus forming northwest-southeast and east-west mineralized trends. Molybdenite from highgrade ore yielded a
Re-Os age of ca. 2664 Ma. In both the sedimentary rocks and the quartz monzodiorite, the proximal and distal alteration zones are characterized by the presence of calcite and ferroan dolomite, respectively. In the sedimentary rocks, the ore zones show a wide distal biotite alteration halo with
proximal assemblages comprising albite and/or microcline. The quartz monzodiorite comprises a distal hematitic alteration zone that is overprinted by proximal microcline + albite + quartz replacement zones. This study suggests that at Canadian Malartic deposit, the gold mineralization and its
distribution are largely controlled by D2 faults, shear and high-strain zones developed in the hinge zone of F2 folds, and by the Sladen Fault. A ?2678 Ma syn-Timiskaming magmatic-hydrothermal early phase of gold mineralization can be inferred by the metallic signature or the ore, the presence of
mineralized stockworks, the potassic alteration (biotite/microcline), and association with porphyritic intrusions. The main characteristics of the Canadian Malartic deposit is thus best explained by syn-D2 deformation gold (ca. 2670-2660 Ma) superimposed onto, or remobilized from, a gold-bearing
magmatic/hydrothermal system related to Timiskaming-age porphyritic intrusions emplaced along a major fertile fault zone.
Petrophysical signature of gold mineralization and alteration assemblages at the Canadian Malartic deposit, Quebec
Authors: El Goumi N , De Souza S , Enkin R J , Dubé B
Published: March 2017

The rock physical properties of samples from the Canadian Malartic gold deposit in the Abitibi greenstone belt of Quebec have been measured to relate lithology and alteration assemblages to physical properties contrasts, and to provide geological interpretation
of geophysical survey analyses for this type of ore deposit. Disseminated gold deposits are seldom directly characterized by a clear geophysical signature. However, we propose that a geophysical characterization of such ore deposits can be achieved by combining cost-effective geophysical surveys to
identify zones of interest for gold exploration. This study has shown that the metasedimentary rocks and porphyritic intrusions that host the gold mineralization show similar variations in rock physical properties, probably because both rock types have similar geochemical and mineralogical
compositions. However, the intrusive rocks show both magnetic and non-magnetic phases, and have a slightly lower density than metasedimentary rocks. Hydrothermal alteration produced continuous trends for magnetic susceptibility, density, and electric chargeability, but with no apparent variation in
magnetic remanence and resistivity. These trends of decreasing density and magnetic susceptibility and increasing chargeability are correlated with alteration facies (carbonate saturation index), gold concentration, and proximity to ore. Based on this correlation, a principal component analysis
petrophysical proxy has been established to represent this gradual hydrothermal mineralization process. This petrophysical proxy is a valid estimation of the variability of the rock physical properties inside the actual pit area of the Canadian Malartic deposit. Based on composite geophysical
surveys (gravity, magnetic, and induced polarization) and inversion of the surface data for rock physical properties at depth, a petrophysical proxy, such as presented here, could help target zones of interest for orebodies similar to that at Canadian Malartic.
Geology, mineralization and alteration of the turbidite-hosted Mustang Au showing, Lower Eastmain greenstone belt, Superior Province, Quebec
Authors: Beauchamp A -M , Dubé B , Malo M , McNicoll V J , Brisson T , Archer P , Lavoie J , Chartrand F
Published: March 2017

The Mustang gold showing is located on the Wabamisk property owned by Exploration Osisko - Baie James. The Mustang Vein (N240/80°) is located near the contact between the La Grande and Opinaca subprovinces in the Superior Province, 65 km southwest of the
Éléonore gold mine. The gold zone is exposed on surface and can be traced through drillholes over a strike length of 570 m and to a depth of 225 m. The vein and its mineralized envelope range from a few centimetres to six metres in width. Gold values obtained for the vein reach 111.17 g
Au/t over 2.6 m in channel sample and 22.65 g Au/t over 2.25 m in drillhole. More than 75 gold showings (Au >500 ppb) were discovered over a 10 by 10 km area around the Mustang Vein. The Mustang Vein is a quartz (±carbonate) laminated vein hosted in turbiditic metasedimentary rocks
(greenschist facies) located near the top of an Archaean stratigraphic sequence of the Eastmain Belt. The preliminary results of U-Pb dating on detrital zircons of the metasedimentary rocks hosting the Mustang Vein indicate a maximum deposition age of 2709 ±4 Ma. The sedimentary sequence has
undergone at least three deformation phases, including an initial phase of north-northwest-oriented folding with F1 folds refolded by east-northeast-oriented F2 folds. The S2 foliation is oriented east-northeast with a steep dip and an axial plane with P2 folds. The D3 deformation phase is
characterized by a moderate-dip, southwest-oriented crenulation cleavage. The Mustang Vein is subparallel to the bedding and folded into S shapes by the F2 folds. It is interpreted as syn-D2 regional deformation, along a F2 fold limb. The vein and the altered walls (potassic alteration and
carbonatization) contain 1-10% arsenopyrite, 5-10% pyrrhotite, with traces of pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. Locally, gold grains in the veins and altered host rock are disseminated and aligned on the main S2 foliation planes.
The geological context and mineralization, alteration, and deformation styles at the Mustang showing are analogous to syn-deformation deposits hosted in turbidite sequences (e.g. Meguma in Nova Scotia and Central Victoria in Australia). Like the Roberto Gold Deposit (Éléonore Mine), the
Mustang gold showing illustrates the potential for folded Archaean metasedimentary assemblages of the La Grande Subprovince proximal to the tectono-metamorphic boundary of the Opinaca Subprovince to host major gold deposits in the James Bay Region.
Introduction to the HALIP Activity
Authors: Williamson M -C
Published: March 2017

Foreword
The Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) program provides public geoscience that will set the stage for long-term decision making related to investment in resource development. GEM supports exploration for energy and mineral resources through improved mapping and modern geoscience information
in areas of resource potential, and enables northern communities and regulators to make informed decisions about their land and economy. Building upon the success of its first five years, GEM was renewed until 2020 to continue producing publically available, regional-scale geoscience knowledge in
Canada's North.
During the summer 2014, GEM's research program launched 14 field activities that include geological, geochemical and geophysical surveying (Figure 1). These activities have been undertaken in collaboration with provincial and territorial governments, northerners and their institutions, academia and
the private sector.
Geoenvironmental characteristics of Canadian critical metal deposits
Authors: Parsons M
Published: March 2017

In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the global demand for many elements used in high-tech, environmental, and/or defense applications, including antimony (Sb), cobalt (Co), indium (In), lithium (Li), niobium (Nb), rare earth elements (REE), and
tungsten (W). These elements are used in a broad range of devices, including hybrid vehicles, photovoltaic cells, clean energy lighting, rechargeable batteries, mobile phones, LCD screens, and wind turbines. The term "critical metal" has been used to designate elements that are deemed essential, but
whose supply is at risk because of rapid growth in demand, scarcity, political control of exports, low recycling rates, or concerns over the environmental impacts of mining (NRCan 2015).
Of all critical metals, the supply of REE is currently deemed to be most at risk because of rising global demand and recent restrictions on exports from China. Likewise, the demand for Nb is predicted to rise faster than most other elements over the next decade (>8% per annum) because
of its importance in producing high-strength, low-alloy steel (EU 2014). Canada has abundant reserves of both REEs and Nb and there are currently numerous exploration projects underway across the country and several projects at the environmental assessment stage. However, our understanding of the
environmental characteristics of critical metals is immature compared to that for other commodities (e.g., Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, U). Detailed geoenvironmental studies of Canadian critical metal deposits are required to assess the environmental risks associated with these resources, and to mitigate the
impacts of future development activities.
This activity will provide geochemical and mineralogical data and knowledge of key geological processes controlling the environmental signature of carbonatite-hosted Nb and REE deposits. Field activities will be conducted at the former St. Lawrence Columbium Mine in Oka, QC, which is enriched in
REEs and was a major Nb producer from 1961 to 1976. Research will focus on understanding groundwater-tailings reactions that control the mobilization of trace metals (Nb, REE, U, Th) and radionuclides (Ra-226, Pb-210) in seepage from mine tailings, and on the processes that control the cycling of
these elements in flooded pit lakes. Outputs from this work will provide new information that can be used to assess, monitor, and manage mining impacts, and help to establish Canada as an environmentally responsible supplier of critical metals.
How to build a living city - balancing the needs of human development and ecosystems
Authors: Ford D
Published: March 2017

Conservation Authorities are unique to the province of Ontario. They are local, non-profit environmental organizations that are empowered to regulate development and activities in or adjacent to river or stream valleys, Great Lakes and inland lakes shorelines,
watercourses, hazardous lands and wetlands. The Conservation Authorities Act, passed in 1946, provides the legislative backbone for their existence. Funding is provided through a combination of municipal and provincial support, permit and service fees and charitable donations.
Toronto and Region Conservation serves a population of more than 4,000,000 people in a jurisdiction that covers more than 2400 km2. We receive development applications for over 1000 projects per year. These files include engineering and hydrogeologic reports prepared on behalf of the development
proponents that often downplay the potential impacts of their projects to the natural environment. Our role as hydrogeologists is to critically review these reports and determine if reasonable conclusions have been made based on reliable data.
For hydrogeology, we consider both temporary and permanent dewatering, pre- and post-development water budgets, and consumptive groundwater use. We must then communicate our findings in clear, simple language to our in-house planning team, proponents, and sometimes members of the public. All this is
done in a framework of limited funding and challenging timelines.
We meet these challenges through the use of conceptual and numerical models developed in partnership with neighbouring conservation authorities and our municipal partners. These regional model results are then shared with development consultants to facilitate continuous improvement from their
studies completed at the site scale. To continue to advance our hydrogeologic understanding, we also work with subject matter experts at the provincial and federal levels of government, and are working at integrating climate change into our models. This presentation will summarize some of our
successes and failures over the past 15 years and provide insights to similar organizations responsible for protecting and enhancing our natural environment.
Insights from a "one water" integrated approach to Tier 3 water budget analysis
Authors: Kassenaar D , Wexler E J
Published: March 2017

One of the significant benefits of the tiered Ontario Source Water Protection water budget approach was the opportunity for significant improvement in numerical model analysis at each progressive level. The concurrent improvements in water use data, advances in
computing and storage, and the release of a practical, open-source integrated surface water/groundwater model in 2008 (USGS GSFLOW) further supported the technical advancements. Most important, however, was the recognition that a holistic "one water" approach, addressing the entire hydrologic cycle,
was necessary to address the cumulative effects of increased water use, drought, storage, and land use change on groundwater levels, streamflow, and wetland viability.
Recognizing this challenge and opportunity, Earthfx strongly advocated conducting fully-integrated surface water and groundwater modelling studies for all the Tier 3 studies. A number of common response patterns and insights emerged from the six fully integrated Tier 3 and Lake Simcoe Protection
models that we created. First, we found that groundwater feedback (Dunnian rejected recharge) was the dominant form of interaction, occurring in as much as 30 percent of the watershed areas. Hortonian runoff was found to be relatively rare, due to the infrequency of intense storms, summer ET
deficits, and actively-vegetated loose soil conditions.
Fully represented headwater streams and springs, high resolution surface topography, and detailed land cover were needed to represent spatially variable and often highly-focussed recharge. The need for detail extended into the conceptualization of the shallow subsurface, where detailed
representations of the soil zone and shallow geology were needed to properly simulate subsurface stormflow and seasonal flow through highly permeable shallow aquifer units (weathered tills, epi-karst, etc.). Detailed representations of reservoir operations, quarry dewatering, irrigation water
takings, and return flow were also found to be important to simulate overall watershed functions and, ultimately, producing a defensible risk assessment. Based on this experience and insight gained, we are convinced that the key to successful integrated modelling is in the details.
Perhaps the most significant conclusion is that practical, engineering-scale integrated analysis can be accomplished within a watershed context. At too large a scale, many of the key process details and complex shallow system interactions would be oversimplified and generalized. Similarly, at too
small a scale, such as limiting the model to the extended area of influence of a wellfield, would require oversimplification of model boundaries and neglect of the transient nature of surface and groundwater flow in the surrounding area.
In 2010, Refsgaard et al. predicted that by 2020 all modelling in Denmark would consist of fully integrated analysis. Perhaps, due to the challenges and opportunities of the Tier 3 process, that future has arrived early in Ontario.