bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Norte de Goiás: terra de esperança, conflitos e frustrações (North of Goiás: land of hope, conflict and frustration)
Authors: Borba Carlos Alberto Vieira
Published: January 2016

O presente artigo tem como objetivo observar as experiências de vida dos posseiros, para compreender os conflitos de terras que eclodiram no médio-norte e Norte de Goiás, entre o final da década de 1950 e início de 1960. Tais embates existiram em decorrência da ofensiva de grileiros sobre suas terras, depois que elas se encontraram valorizadas em virtude do impacto causado pela criação de um complexo rodoviário, por ocasião da construção de Brasília. Busca-se, também, analisar, neste trabalho, os fatores que levaram esses sujeitos a se deslocarem para o Norte de Goiás, bem como seus modos de vida, suas formas de organização e de luta. O olhar sobre as experiências que compõem a vida dos posseiros permite entender como surge uma noção comum de direito a terra e a uma identidade de classe que culminará em uma tenaz resistência contra a expropriação de suas terras.

Abstract

The objective of this article is to rescue the experiences and life trajectory of a large number of peasant who migrated from the north of Goiás from the late 1930s until 1960. In order to do so, this study observes the factors that led these individuals to travel to this region, as it represented the hope of getting the so dreamed piece of land as a result of all advertising aired in the peasant universe, that “the north of Goiás has no boss”. Moreover, it is interest to visualize how the ways of life of settlers in north of Goiás were: their working conditions, their organization, and their conflicts with large landowners and squatters in a moment of capitalist development in the region, with the construction of roads and the transfer of the federal capital to the region where Goiás state was located.

Keywords: Settlers; Land; North of Goiás.

Resumen

Este artículo se centra redimir experiencias y trayectorias de vida de un gran número de trabajadores rurales que emigraron a Goias norte desde finales de 1930 hasta 1960. Con este fin, se busca observar los factores que llevaron estos temas para pasar a esta región y, ya que representa la esperanza de conseguir la pieza sueño de la tierra a causa de toda la publicidad que transmite en el universo campesino en el que “el norte Goiás no tienen jefe”. Por otra parte, en vista de los intereses que eran las formas de vida de los colonos en Goiás norte: sus condiciones de trabajo, su organización y sus conflictos con los grandes propietarios y ocupantes ilegales en un momento del desarrollo capitalista en la región, con la creación de carreteras y el traslado de la capital federal para la región estaban el Estado de Goiás.

Palabras clave: Squatters; Tierra; Norte Goiás.
Social networking’s peril: Cognitive absorption, social networking usage, and depression
Authors: Brooks Stoney , Longstreet Phil
Published: January 2016

Social networking has become commonplace in today’s always-connected world. Due to this ubiquity, researchers have sought to explore the positive and negative effects that can result from usage of social networking. This research has shown many effects on an individual's psychological well-being, with one of the most concerning being mixed results of how usage relates to depression. In this study, we further examine the relationship between usage and depression for social networking users. In addition, we posit that aspects of cognitive absorption, namely temporal dissonance, focused immersion, and heightened enjoyment, have a direct effect on the amount of usage. A survey of 251 social networking users reveals that temporal dissociation and heightened enjoyment are associated with increased usage, and usage was found to be associated with greater levels of depression. Further, prior research has shown a significant difference between genders in Internet usage and social networking. Therefore, we report our findings as an overall analysis and as a gender-based between-groups analysis. This analysis shows that more variance is explained for females than males in most relationships. Implications for research and society are discussed along with future research directions.
Refleksjon ein uttynna medisin
Authors: Æsøy Knut Ove
Published: January 2016

The main object of this article is to contribute to a clearer use of the concept reflection. The question is whether reflection has become an overexposed and diluted medicine in educational thinking. To answer this question I will examine how reflection is understood and what direction and theoretical foundation the concept is based on. The article is a Habermas inspired interpretation of basic textbooks for teacher education. In the textbooks, reflection is presented as a good medicine for the professional teacher and a continuous reflection will improve the professional practice by developing consciousness in action. In the conclusion I will present some recommendations on how to improve the understanding and use of reflection. My main goal is to provide reflection with a theoretical content  and a clearer direction. Reflection is a knowledge searching, which is not based on experience and facts, but which is closely tied to philosophical thinking, critical theory and the ability to develop an overview.
Bromodomain inhibition of the transcriptional coactivators CBP/EP300 as a therapeutic strategy to target the IRF4 network in multiple myeloma
Authors: Conery Andrew R , Centore Richard C , Neiss Adrianne , Keller Patricia J , Joshi Shivangi , Spillane Kerry L , Sandy Peter , Hatton Charlie , Pardo Eneida , Zawadzke Laura , Bommi-Reddy Archana , Gascoigne Karen E , Bryant Barbara M , Mertz Jennifer A , Sims Robert J
Published: January 2016

Pharmacological inhibition of chromatin co-regulatory factors represents a clinically validated strategy to modulate oncogenic signaling through selective attenuation of gene expression. Here, we demonstrate that CBP/EP300 bromodomain inhibition preferentially abrogates the viability of multiple myeloma cell lines. Selective targeting of multiple myeloma cell lines through CBP/EP300 bromodomain inhibition is the result of direct transcriptional suppression of the lymphocyte-specific transcription factor IRF4, which is essential for the viability of myeloma cells, and the concomitant repression of the IRF4 target genec-MYC. Ectopic expression of either IRF4 or MYC antagonizes the phenotypic and transcriptional effects of CBP/EP300 bromodomain inhibition, highlighting the IRF4/MYC axis as a key component of its mechanism of action. These findings suggest that CBP/EP300 bromodomain inhibition represents a viable therapeutic strategy for targeting multiple myeloma and other lymphoid malignancies dependent on the IRF4 network.
Effects of buffer layer and back-surface field on MBE-grown InGaAsP/InGaAs solar cells
Authors: Wu Yuanyuan , Ji Lian , Dai Pai , Tan Ming , Lu Shulong , Yang Hui
Published: January 2016

Solid-state molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown InGaAsP/InGaAs dual-junction solar cells on InP substrates are reported. An efficiency of 10.6% under 1-sun AM1.5 global light intensity is realized for the dual-junction solar cell, while the efficiencies of 16.4 and 12.3% are reached for the top InGaAsP and bottom InGaAs cells, respectively. The effects of the buffer layer and back-surface field on the performance of solar cells are discussed. High device performance is achieved in the case of a low concentration of oxygen and weak recombination when InGaAs buffers and InP back-surface field layers are used, respectively.
Impact of carbon co-implantation on boron distribution and activation in silicon studied by atom probe tomography and spreading resistance measurements
Authors: Shimizu Yasuo , Takamizawa Hisashi , Inoue Koji , Yano Fumiko , Kudo Shuichi , Nishida Akio , Toyama Takeshi , Nagai Yasuyoshi
Published: January 2016

The impact of carbon (C) co-implantation on boron (B) activation in crystalline silicon was investigated. The detailed distribution of B and C atoms and B activation ratios dependent on the C ion-implantation energies were examined based on three-dimensional spatial mappings of B and C obtained by atom probe tomography and from depth profiles of their concentrations from secondary ion mass spectrometry and depth profiles of carrier concentrations with spreading resistance measurements. At all C implantation energies (8, 15, and 30 keV), B out-diffusion during activation annealing was reduced, so that more B atoms were observed in the C co-implanted samples. The carrier concentration was decreased throughout the entire implanted region for C implantation energies of 15 and 30 keV, although it was only increased at greater depths for C co-implantation at 8 keV. Two different effects of C co-implantation, (I) reduction of B out-diffusion and (II) influence of B activation, were confirmed.
Tegning og fagspråk – et kritisk blikk på lærebøker i tegning som benyttes i faglærerutdanning
Authors: Stavnås Clara Christina Myhr , Nielsen Liv Merete
Published: January 2016

Studier av bøker på studentenes pensumlister er en indikator på studiets profil og i hvilken grad studiet er forskningsbasert. I denne artikkelen har vi fokus på lærebøker i tegning for faglærerstudenter i formgiving, kunst og håndverk. Denne artikkelen har fokus på en analyse av de lærebøkene som ble benyttet ved grunnstudiet i faglærerutdanningen i Oslo studieåret 2014/2015 og hvordan kontur og linje blir omtalt og knyttet til uttrykk i bøkene (Stavnås, 2015). De fleste av disse er oversatte lærebøker med førstegangsutgivelser i tidsrommet 1983–1988. Bare én av bøkene, Billedrom av Per Rauset (1989), er skrevet av en norsk forfatter. Lærere ved faglærer­utdanningene i Oslo, Notodden og Volda, oppgir at de benytter egne kompendier som ikke er utgitt på forlag. Mot slutten av artikkelen drøftes hva som kan ligge til grunn for at det ikke er utviklet flere norske offentlig tilgjengelige læremidler i tegning som holder høgskolenivå.
Etnoteaterets dialoger
Authors: Ellinggard Stine Nielsen
Published: January 2016

Denne artikkelen bygger på studien «Skapelsen av et etnodrama» som omhandler skapelsesprosessen av et manuskript basert på intervju av unge skeive voksne. Med en hermeneutisk-fenomenologisk kunnskapsforståelse tar forskeren utgangspunkt i det kvalitative forskningsintervjuet og fortolkning av den subjektive livsverdenen som materiale for skapelsen av et etnodrama. Kunnskapsgenereringen utvikles gjennom en devisingprosess med unge amatørskuespillere. Med bakgrunn i funn fra studien diskuteres dialogperspektivet i etnoteaterproduksjoner i lys av Bachelards perspektiver på «The poetics of space». Artikkelens fokus er rettet mot etnoteaterets dialogiske innhold og egenskaper.
Erfaringens kontinuum – om ungdom og identitetsmarkører
Authors: Arnesen Jon
Published: January 2016

Artikkelen er basert på et utviklings- og forskningsarbeid (2011 – 2014) ved barnevernspedagogutdanningen ved Høgskolen i Harstad. Artikkelen utforsker kunstdidaktikk gjennom en kroppsnær estetisk praksis som gir rom for estetisk erfaring. Den har fokus på hvordan estetisk kompetanse basert på en performativ praksis kan utvikles hos fremtidige barnevernspedagoger. Forfatteren undersøker hvilke fenomen som inngår i praksisen, og hvilken kunstdidaktisk forståelse som kan knyttes til en slik estetisk kompetanse. Den estetiske praksis påvirker både lærer- og studentrollen. Læreren går fra å være foreleser til å bli inspirator, deltagende observatør og ressursperson på sidelinjen.   Studenten går fra å være mottaker til å bli en estetisk aktør basert på egne ungdomserfaringer.  I artikkelen beskrives en mulig bro mellom miljøarbeid og estetisk praksis i en profesjonsutdannelse. Artikkelen viser at kunstdidaktisk praksis ved barnevernspedagogstudiet innebærer refleksjon i handling der man tar strategiske valg basert på intuitiv sensitivitet med rom for det uventede.
Stories from a Geisha: Den stygge Andy
Authors: Hovda Remi Johansen
Published: January 2016

I artikkelen beskrives det kunstneriske utviklingsarbeidet Stories from a Geisha. Arbeidet består av fire forskjellige dragshow i en performativ serie med én tematisk helhet. Tematikken serien bygger, på er hentet fra cross-dressingtradisjonen i det Canadiske forsvaret under andre verdenskrig. Artikkelen belyser utviklingen av seriens første show, ‘Den stygge Andy’, og diskuterer arbeidet med sjangerfornying. Fortellerkunst og dragshows kombineres i Stories from a Geisha som dermed fremstår som en ny sjanger: FortellerDrag.
In from the margins - enabling people with disabilities to learn and create music
Authors: Anderson Tim
Published: January 2016

People with the most severe physical disabilities, for example who are only able to move their eyes, are at most risk of being left in the margins of society. They can communicate via 'eyegaze' text systems, but the challenge is to design an analogous music system to enable them to learn about, explore, and create music, so as to communicate and connect with others in a more universal way. The combination of eyegaze and music is a new area, so the design methodology relies on incorporating eyegaze features into an existing music system designed for switch-control. The design of this user-centred system has evolved over 20 years, with the continual involvement of disabled users and teachers. The resulting prototype eyegaze music system is designed to facilitate exploration and creative work without continual help to operate it, and was successfully tested by eyegaze users. This is the genesis of an instrument to enable anyone - even with the most severe disability - to participate and share in creative activities, and connect them more with society
Samtidsdans i møte med erfaringsrike kropper - inkluderende kunstdidaktiske grep i dans
Authors: Østern Tone Pernille
Published: January 2016

Denne artikkelen fokuserer på erfaringsrike deltakeres opplevelser av å delta i dans, samt på de kunstdidaktiske grepene som rammer inn de meningsproduserende og estetisk-transformative opplevelsene som beskrives. I artikkelen analyseres intervjuer med elleve dansere i alderen fra 70 til 83 år. Alle har deltatt ti år i gruppen Danseteateret55+. Analyse og fortolkning skjer ved hjelp av teori om relasjonelt, kunstnerisk og transformativt orientert didaktikk. I konklusjonen argumenterer forfatteren for at det er møtet med dans som hel kunstform – som inkluderer både lekende, skapende, improvisatoriske, trenende, relasjonelle og berørende dimensjoner – som er meningsproduserende for deltakerne. De kunstdidaktiske grepene som identifiseres, åpner for at deltakerne kan gjennomgå estetisk transformasjon, transformativ læring og dybdelæring i dans. Dette leder til en opplevelse av økt livsglede og livskvalitet samt en sterk identitet som dansende.
Reproducibility of SNV-calling in multiple sequencing runs from single tumors
Authors: Derryberry Dakota Z. , Cowperthwaite Matthew C. , Wilke Claus O.
Published: January 2016

We examined 55 technical sequencing replicates of Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to ascertain the degree of repeatability in calling single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). We used the same mutation-calling pipeline on all pairs of samples, and we measured the extent of the overlap between two replicates; that is, how many specific point mutations were found in both replicates. We further tested whether additional filtering increased or decreased the size of the overlap. We found that about half of the putative mutations identified in one sequencing run of a given sample were also identified in the second, and that this percentage remained steady throughout orders of magnitude of variation in the total number of mutations identified (from 23 to 10,966). We further found that using filtering after SNV-calling removed the overlap completely. We concluded that there is variation in the frequency of mutations in GBMs, and that while some filtering approaches preferentially removed putative mutations found in only one replicate, others removed a large fraction of putative mutations found in both.
Marine microbial communities of the Great Barrier Reef lagoon are influenced by riverine floodwaters and seasonal weather events
Authors: Angly Florent E. , Heath Candice , Morgan Thomas C. , Tonin Hemerson , Rich Virginia , Schaffelke Britta , Bourne David G. , Tyson Gene W.
Published: January 2016

The role of microorganisms in maintaining coral reef health is increasingly recognized. Riverine floodwater containing herbicides and excess nutrients from fertilizers compromises water quality in the inshore Great Barrier Reef (GBR), with unknown consequences for planktonic marine microbial communities and thus coral reefs. In this baseline study, inshore GBR microbial communities were monitored along a 124 km long transect between 2011 and 2013 using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Members of the bacterial orders Rickettsiales (e.g., Pelagibacteraceae) and Synechococcales (e.g.,Prochlorococcus), and of the archaeal class Marine Group II were prevalent in all samples, exhibiting a clear seasonal dynamics. Microbial communities near the Tully river mouth included a mixture of taxa from offshore marine sites and from the river system. The environmental parameters collected could be summarized into four groups, represented by salinity, rainfall, temperature and water quality, that drove the composition of microbial communities. During the wet season, lower salinity and a lower water quality index resulting from higher river discharge corresponded to increases in riverine taxa at sites near the river mouth. Particularly large, transient changes in microbial community structure were seen during the extreme wet season 2010–11, and may be partially attributed to the effects of wind and waves, which resuspend sediments and homogenize the water column in shallow near-shore regions. This work shows that anthropogenic floodwaters and other environmental parameters work in conjunction to drive the spatial distribution of microorganisms in the GBR lagoon, as well as their seasonal and daily dynamics.
Comparison of growth characteristics between skeletal muscle satellite cell lines from diploid and triploid olive flounderParalichthys olivaceus
Authors: Peng Li-min , Zheng Yuan , You Feng , Wu Zhi-hao , Tan Xungang , Jiao Shuang , Zhang Pei-jun
Published: January 2016

Objectives. According to myosatellite cell lines (MSCs) establishedin vitrofrom diploid and triploid flounder, we compared the characters of growth and differentiation of their MSCs. The results would be useful for learning the muscle development mechanism in teleosts.

Materials and Methods. The skeletal muscle cells from the diploid and triploid olive flounderParalichthys olivaceuswere isolated and culturedin vitro, respectively, and the cells were characterized at the morphology and molecular level; meanwhile, the performance of these cells’ proliferation and differentiation were analyzed.

Results. Two new skeletal muscle cell lines (POMSCS(2n)and POMSCS(3n)) from diploid and triploid flounder have been respectively subcultured for 67 times and 66 times. The cultured cells were mostly spindle-like mononuclear cells. They have normal flounder diploid karyotype (2n=48t) and triploid karyotype (3n=72t), respectively. Muscle satellite cell gene marker (pax7b) and myogenic cell protein marker (Desmin) were all expressed in cells of two cell lines. Both of the cells could differentiate into the large polynucleated muscle fibre cells, and immunofluorescence reactions of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) were positive. There were more cells of POMSCS(3n)to differentiate into the muscle fibre cells than that of POMSCS(2n). However, POMSCS(2n)cells proliferated more rapidly than those of POMSCS(3n)(P< 0.05). The significant fluorescent signals were observed in both POMSCS(2n)and POMSCS(3n)cells after transfected with pEGFP-N3 reporter plasmid.

Conclusions. The two cell lines have been established and characterized as MSCs. We suppose that it might be the differentiation capacity, rather than the proliferation activity of MSCs to play a key role in the better growth of triploid ones than diploid. Both cell lines will become the ideal tools to learn the mechanism of fish MSCs proliferation, differentiation and regeneration during muscle development in the future.
Backmatter (Publication Ethics, Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing Form)
Authors: Istadi Istadi
Published: January 2016

Backmatter (Publication Ethics, Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing Form)
Evaluating camera‐based methods for estimating badger (Meles meles) density: Implications for wildlife management
Authors: Miles Verity , Woodroffe Rosie , Donnelly Christl A. , Brotherton Peter N. M. , Ham Cally , Astley Kelly , Aurélio Joana , Rowcliffe Marcus
Published: September 2024

Accurate and precise assessment of population density plays a critical role in effective wildlife management, but reliable estimates are often difficult to obtain. Camera traps have emerged as valuable noninvasive tools for studying elusive species, offering cost‐effective solutions for both marked and unmarked populations.

We evaluated the consistency of badger (Meles meles) density estimates obtained from the random encounter model (REM) and camera trap distance sampling (CT‐DS) with independent estimates from spatial mark‐resight (SMR) models and quantified the bias in CT‐DS arising from animals reacting to camera traps. Six camera trap surveys were conducted in Cornwall, UK, in 2019 and 2021, and data were used to estimate badger density using the REM and CT‐DS. Four sites were included in a badger vaccination research project, providing an opportunity to mark badgers with uniquely identifiable fur clips to facilitate resighting within a SMR framework.

We found consistency in the density estimates across all methods, but results had wide confidence intervals. Density estimates derived from CT‐DS tended to be higher than those from the REM and were sensitive to the exclusion of reactive sequences, resulting in a twofold decrease in the estimated density in one case. The REM tended to be the most precise method; however, where badger density was low, precision was low using all methods.

Practical implication: our findings suggest animal density can be assessed from camera traps in the absence of individual identification; however, it is important to account for reactive behaviours, especially where such behaviour is prevalent. In these circumstances, we recommend utilising the REM which offers a clear methodology for addressing bias arising from reactive sequences. In addition, we emphasise the need for improved precision to ensure the effectiveness of these methods in the context of wildlife management. We offer practical considerations to facilitate the broader application of these methods, drawing upon the example of disease control through badger vaccination.
Multifunctional Thermochromic Dye‐Integrated Hybrid Nanogenerators for Mechanical Energy Harvesting and Real‐Time IoT Sensing
Authors: Graham Sontyana Adonijah , Manchi Punnarao , Paranjape Mandar Vasant , Kurakula Anand , Kavarthapu Venkata Siva , Lee Jun Kyu , Yu Jae Su
Published: September 2024

Hybrid nanogenerators are advanced mechanical energy harvesters capable of simultaneously scavenging multiple types of energy. Additionally, thermochromic materials provide a practical and visually assessable method for real‐time temperature monitoring. In this report, a novel energy harvester and sensing patch (EHSP) is introduced, that utilizes combined piezoelectric and triboelectric effects to harvest mechanical energy efficiently. To optimize the EHSP, various energy harvester configurations are fabricated and tested, and the dielectric properties of triboelectric films are systematically investigated. These improvements are implemented to augment the overall energy harvesting capability. The thermochromic properties of the EHSP are also explored to enhance both the electrical performance and thermal responsiveness. The EHSP demonstrates the ability to generate maximum voltage and current outputs of 350 V and 20.4 µA, respectively. Moreover, it can detect temperature changes within seconds, making it suitable for both energy harvesting and sensing applications. The EHSP is tested in practical scenarios, proving its efficiency as an energy harvester and sensor for everyday human activities. Furthermore, its integration with multiple hybrid nanogenerators showcases its potential for industrial and wearable sensing applications.
Rational Design of Thick Electrodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries by Re‐Understanding the Relationship Between Thermodynamics and Kinetics
Authors: Fu Kang , Li Xueyan , Sun Kai , Zhang Zhuojun , Yang Haosong , Gong Lili , Qin Guangzhao , Hu Di , Li Tao , Tan Peng
Published: September 2024

Tremendous efforts are made to enhance the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries, among which designing thick electrodes is a promising approach. Traditionally, kinetic effects are considered in constructing thick electrodes, such as decreasing the tortuosity to facilitate ion transport. This work innovatively investigates the coupling effect of kinetics and thermodynamics on electrode processes and conducts a competitive analysis between them by visualizing electrode processes. The results indicate that a sloping equilibrium potential curve facilitates the uniform utilization of electrodes, but severe kinetic constraints render the thermodynamic regulation ineffective. Thus, modifying the thermodynamic properties of the electrode to strengthen the regulatory effect is a promising approach. Kinetic constraints are the inherent factors limiting the capacity release of batteries. An in‐depth analysis reveals that ensuring the hybrid control of ions and electrons can significantly alleviate kinetic reaction heterogeneity. As a proof‐of‐concept, thick electrodes with vertical channels are constructed, enabling thermodynamics to regain dominance in the electrode process, ultimately achieving outstanding capacity retention of 63% at 4C. This work provides a more comprehensive perspective and represents a significant breakthrough in guiding electrode design to achieve a higher energy density.
Functional Modules Map of Unexplored Chemical Space: Guiding the Discovery of Giant Birefringent Materials
Authors: Tudi Abudukadi , Li Zijian , Xie Congwei , Baiheti Tuohetijiang , Tikhonov Evgenii , Zhang Fangfang , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua
Published: September 2024

Finding birefringent material with giant optical anisotropy is urgent for photonic applications. However, the application of existing birefringent materials is limited by restricted transparency wavelength or optical anisotropy. The process of trial and error is time‐consuming and inefficient in terms of resources, especially when compared to the vast design spaces for materials. The immense chemical space necessitates a high‐throughput approach for giant optical anisotropy materials design. Here, a full‐applied wavelength map of birefringent materials is constructed, from conventional visible expanding to ultraviolet and deep‐ultraviolet region by high‐throughput screening methods. And highlighted 579 materials birefringence exceeds the one of available commercial birefringent materials in corresponding regions. Significantly, 54 materials possess giant birefringence above 0.5 @1064 nm. Via developing a high‐throughput screening technique for microscopic structures with given coordination number, the study further characterizes a comprehensive map of functional modules featuring birefringent activeness. According to the macroscopic and microscopic dual‐functional maps, and a novel crystal Li2(HC3N3S3)∙5H2O with birefringence difference 0.532 @546 nm is designed and synthesized successfully. This study identifies desired materials with high performance in unheeded chemical spaces.
Ultrathin BSA‐Stabilized Black Phosphorous Nanoreactor Boosts Mild‐Temperature Photothermal Therapy Through Modulation of Cellular Self‐Defense Fate
Authors: Jia Guoping , Wu Qinghe , Hou Mengfei , Jiang Yifei , Yang Huizhen , Li Meng , Wu Xubo , Zhang Chunfu
Published: September 2024

Mild‐temperature photothermal therapy (mild‐PTT, 42–45 °C) offers a higher level of biosafety. However, its therapeutic effects are compromised by the heat shock response (HSR), a cellular self‐defense mechanism, which triggers the overexpression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) with the capacity of repairing the damaged tumor cells. Herein, this work fabricates a novel nanoreactor by incorporating up‐conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), chlorin e6 (Ce6), and glucose oxidase (GOx) onto the ultrathin black phosphorus nanosheet (BPNS) (denoted as GOx‐BUC). This nanoreactor amplifies mild‐PTT effects under irradiation with an 808 nm laser, modulating HSPs‐mediated cellular self‐defense fate. On one hand, upon irradiation with a 980 nm laser, UCNPs can transfer energy to excite Ce6, leading to the generation of ROS burst, which achieves indiscriminate damage to HSPs activity in deeper tumor tissues. On the other hand, GOx can consume glucose, thereby depleting the ATP energy supply and further suppressing HSPs expression. Consequently, GOx‐BUC exhibits excellent anti‐tumor efficacy under mild temperature in a human colorectal cancer mouse model, resulting in complete tumor inhibition with negligible side effects. This black phosphorous nanoreactor, featuring dual‐track HSPs destruction functionality, introduces novel perspectives for enhancing mild‐PTT effectiveness while maintaining high biosafety.
Stability and Electronic Properties of K‐Sb and Na‐Sb Binary Crystals from High‐Throughput Ab Initio Calculations
Authors: Schier Richard , Guo Daniel , Saßnick Holger‐Dietrich , Cocchi Caterina
Published: September 2024

The study of the fundamental properties of alkali antimonide photocathodes for particle accelerators is currently hindered by the limited purity of the samples. First‐principles studies can effectively complement experiments to gain insight into the stability and the electronic structure of these compounds. In this high‐throughput analysis based on density‐functional theory (DFT), two families of binary crystals with K‐Sb and Na‐Sb compositions expected to form during evaporation of multi‐alkali antimonide photocathodes are investigated. Starting from an initial pool of structures mined from existing computational databases, automatized routines included in the in‐house developed library aim2dat are employed to determine the stability and the electronic properties of the aforementioned systems. By analyzing the formation energy, the structures are ranked in a convex hull retaining the information of their crystalline arrangement. Next, the band structure and the projected density of states of selected stable compounds are analyzed. Adopting the r2SCAN functional for the DFT calculations, reliable estimates of the character and size of the bandgaps are obtained and discussed in relation to the relative alkali content in the crystals. These results provide useful indications to predict and characterize binary phases forming during the growth of multi‐alkali antimonide photocathodes.
Increased GluK1 Subunit Receptors in Corticostriatal Projection from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Contributed to Seizure‐Like Activities
Authors: Li Xu‐Hui , Shi Wantong , Zhao Zhi‐Xia , Matsuura Takanori , Lu Jing‐Shan , Che Jingmin , Chen Qi‐Yu , Zhou Zhaoxiang , Xue Man , Hao Shun , Xu Fang , Bi Guo‐Qiang , Kaang Bong‐Kiun , Collingridge Graham L. , Zhuo Min
Published: September 2024

The corticostriatal connection plays a crucial role in cognitive, emotional, and motor control. However, the specific roles and synaptic transmissions of corticostriatal connection are less studied, especially the corticostriatal transmission from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Here, a direct glutamatergic excitatory synaptic transmission in the corticostriatal projection from the ACC is found. Kainate receptors (KAR)‐mediated synaptic transmission is increased in this corticostriatal connection both in vitro and in vivo seizure‐like activities. GluK1 containing KARs and downstream calcium‐stimulated adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1) are involved in the upregulation of KARs following seizure‐like activities. Inhibiting the activities of ACC or its corticostriatal connection significantly attenuated pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)‐induced seizure. Additionally, injection of GluK1 receptor antagonist UBP310 or the AC1 inhibitor NB001 both show antiepileptic effects. The studies provide direct evidence that KARs are involved in seizure activity in the corticostriatal connection and the KAR‐AC1 signaling pathway is a potential novel antiepileptic strategy.
Bmi‐1 Epigenetically Orchestrates Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Delay Bone Aging
Authors: Zhao Jingyu , Chen Ao , Wang Rong , Qiu Dong , Chen Haiyun , Li Jiyu , Zhang Jin'ge , Wang Tianxiao , Wang Yue , Lin Yujie , Zhou Jiawen , Du Yifei , Yuan Hua , Zhang Yongjie , Miao Dengshun , Wang Yuli , Jin Jianliang
Published: September 2024

With the increase in the aging population, senile osteoporosis (SOP) has become a major global public health concern. Here, it is found that Prx1 and Bmi‐1 co‐localized in trabecular bone, bone marrow cavity, endosteum, and periosteum. Prx1‐driven Bmi‐1 knockout in bone‐marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) reduced bone mass and increased bone marrow adiposity by inhibiting osteoblastic bone formation, promoting osteoclastic bone resorption, downregulating the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and upregulating the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. However, Prx1‐driven Bmi‐1 overexpression showed a contrasting phenotype to Prx1‐driven Bmi‐1 knockout in BMSCs. Regarding mechanism, Bmi‐1‐RING1B bound to DNMT3A and promoted its ubiquitination and inhibited DNA methylation of Runx2 at the region from 45047012 to 45047313 bp, thus promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Moreover, Bmi‐1‐EZH2 repressed the transcription of Cebpa by promoting H3K27 trimethylation at the promoter region −1605 to −1596 bp, thus inhibiting the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. It is also found that Prx1‐driven Bmi‐1 overexpression rescued the SOP induced by Prx1‐driven Bmi‐1 knockout in BMSCs. Thus, Bmi‐1 functioned as a hub protein in the epigenetic regulation of BMSCs differentiation to delay bone aging. The Prx1‐driven Bmi‐1 overexpression in BMSCs can be used as an approach for the translational therapy of SOP.
Three‐step integrated process for isolation and purification of impurities in drug substance by recycling chromatography
Authors: Jin Guangxia , Wu Yuxue , Sang Jiarong , Wei Feng , Kang Ning
Published: September 2024

This work reported the application of a twin‐column recycling chromatography system for the separation of three minor impurities in crude aloe‐emodin. The whole process went through three steps, each using a different mobile phase to separate corresponding impurity, which were integrated and automatically operated in a single device. Despite these impurities peaked closely in high‐performance liquid chromatography, they were successfully purified to a content exceeding 97%. In addition, the lab‐scale separation could reach the yields at the mg‐level. The high efficacy should be mainly attributed to the introduction of a small step solvent gradient between the upstream and downstream columns, which helped to counterbalance the band broadening. This report suggested that such an automated chromatographic system could provide fast and accurate separation of multiple impurities, allow the process of high‐throughput samples, and reduce the time required for purification and recovery of minor impurities in drugs.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among Colorado adults working outside the home: Occupation, race and ethnicity and mask use
Authors: Torok Michelle R. , White Alice E. , Jervis Rachel H. , Tran Amanda D. , Albanese Bernadette A. , Walter Elaine J. Scallan
Published: September 2024

Objectives

The workplace is an important setting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) exposure and transmission. Using data from a large case–control study in Colorado during 2021 and 2022, we aimed to evaluate working outside the home and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, the racial and ethnic distribution of workers in occupations associated with infection, and workplace face mask use.

Methods

Cases were Colorado adults with a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) reported to Colorado's COVID‐19 surveillance system selected from surveillance data ≤12 days after their specimen collection date. Control participants were randomly selected adult Coloradans with a RT‐PCR‐confirmed negative SARS‐CoV‐2 test result reported to the same surveillance system.

Results

Working outside the home was associated with infection (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39–1.54). Among participants working outside the home, “Food Preparation and Serving Related” (aOR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.80–3.06), “Transportation and Material Moving” (aOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.62–2.69), “Construction and Extraction” (aOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.36–2.59), “Protective Service” (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.15–2.24), and “Sales and Related” (aOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.22–1.69) were occupational categories most strongly associated with infection. American Indian/Alaskan Native, Black, and Hispanic/Latino participants were more likely than others to work in occupational categories with the highest odds of infection (p < 0.05). Cases were less likely than controls to report always wearing a mask (31.9% vs. 41.5%) and wearing a KN95/N95/KF94 mask (16.8% vs. 27.2%) at work.

Conclusions

These findings emphasize the importance of occupation and workplace mask use in the COVID‐19 pandemic and its disproportionate racial/ethnic impact on workers.
Bridging the Diagnostic Gap for Hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders: Evidence of a Common Extracellular Matrix Fragmentation Pattern in Patient Plasma as a Potential Biomarker
Authors: Ritelli Marco , Chiarelli Nicola , Cinquina Valeria , Bertini Valeria , Piantoni Silvia , Caproli Alessia , Della Pina Silvia Ebe Lucia , Franceschini Franco , Zarattini Guido , Gandy Woodrow , Venturini Marina , Zoppi Nicoletta , Colombi Marina
Published: September 2024

Diagnosing hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (hEDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD), common overlapping multisystemic conditions featuring symptomatic joint hypermobility, is challenging due to lack of established causes and diagnostic tools. Currently, the 2017 diagnostic criteria for hEDS are used, with non‐qualifying cases classified as HSD, although the distinction remains debated. We previously showed extracellular matrix (ECM) disorganization in both hEDS and HSD dermal fibroblasts involving fibronectin (FN), type I collagen (COLLI), and tenascin (TN), with matrix metalloproteinase‐generated fragments in conditioned media. Here, we investigated these fragments in patient plasma using Western blotting across diverse cohorts, including patients with hEDS, HSD, classical EDS (cEDS), vascular EDS (vEDS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and osteoarthritis (OA), and healthy donors, uncovering distinctive patterns. Notably, hEDS/HSD displayed a shared FN and COLLI fragment signature, supporting their classification as a single disorder and prompting reconsideration of the hEDS criteria. Our results hold the promise for the first blood test for diagnosing hEDS/HSD, present insights into the pathomechanisms, and open the door for therapeutic trials focused on restoring ECM homeostasis using an objective marker. Additionally, our findings offer potential biomarkers also for OA, RA, and PsA, advancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in these prevalent joint diseases.
Recent Advances in Organocatalytic Enantioselective Reactions of α‐Functionalized Propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Xia Yan , Liu Meiwen , Li Wenjun , Li Pengfei
Published: September 2024

Owing to their unique properties, propargylic alcohols have been recognized as one of the most attractive synthons in the field of organic synthesis. Particularly, with the aid of auxiliary group, the α‐functionalized propargylic alcohols have been frequently involved in the organocatalytic enantioselective substitutions, conjugate additions, annulations and related reactions in recent years. Accordingly, the present review highlights recent advancements in the application of α‐functionalized propargylic alcohols in the field of asymmetric organocatalysis, which is organized according to the type of auxiliary group.
Base Induced Synthesis of Isochroman Spiropyrazolones Via Bifunctional Peroxides
Authors: Feng Jiaxu , Wang Xiangdi , Wu Yingying
Published: September 2024

Isochroman is one of the powerful scaffolds which demonstrated various important biologically activities. Herein we represented the novel and versatile method for the synthesis of valuable isochroman spiropyrazolones of difunctional peroxides and pyrazolones via [1+5] annulation. This process represents a novel spiroisochroman synthesis protocol and is featured by good functional group compatibility, mild conditions and readily available substrates.
Simulation of extractive distillation of C6 components from Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis oil
Authors: Wang Jun , Bao Zewan , Wang Peng , Wang Quan , Shen Xuemei , Zhang Luya , Wang Yishuang , Chen Mingqiang
Published: September 2024

Extractive distillation is used for separating oxygenates from other components in the C6 cut oil from Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis followed by separating 1‐hexene from N‐hexane using the same solvent as the extractant. Furfural (FUR) is identified as an excellent solvent for extractive distillation of the C6 cut from FTS oil for separating oxygenates from other components as well as for separating 1‐hexene from N‐hexane via searching from more than 100 solvents by simulation using Aspen Plus. The behavior of the newly found solvent FUR is compared with that of the reported best solvent N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) and the results show that FUR scheme has the advantages of lower market price, lower dosage needed, less reboiler duty required and higher overall tray efficiency for fulfilling the same separation task.
Lithium Metal Recovery from Sea Water by a Flexible and Scalable Membrane with Lithium‐Ion Exclusive Channels
Authors: Yang Jingui , Wang Yigang , Zhang Menghang , Wang Pengfei , He Xuewei , Zhou Haoshen , He Ping
Published: September 2024

Sea water is abundant in lithium reserves, and extracting lithium metal from it holds the potential to not only mitigate the shortage of lithium in light of the fast‐growing electric vehicle industry, but also serve as an anode electrode to provide electricity. The task, however, is challenging due to the harsh reactions and low lithium concentration in sea water. Here, we present a single‐channel strategy based on a flexible and scalable lithium ion‐sieve membrane for efficient lithium extraction. Our composite membrane exhibits high separation factor βLi/Na of more than 2.87×107 with an ionic conductivity of 6.2×10−5 S cm−1. Lithium metal was electrolytically extracted from sea water through a hybrid‐electrolyte system, which yielded a high Coulombic efficiency of 98.04 % and a low energy consumption of 17.4 kWh kgLi−1 at an optimized extracting current of 200 μA cm−2. The extracted lithium metal can be directly integrated into a lithium‐sulfur battery, delivering an energy output of 395 Wh kg−1. To demonstrate its industrial viability, we also fabricate a pouch cell with Li metal anode extracted by an amplified extraction prototype. This study has the potential to dispel concerns of lithium depletion and facilitate the sustainable development of lithium‐based energy storage systems.
Modulating Spin of Atomic Manganese Center for High‐Performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhang Jincheng , Li Fuhua , Liu Wei , Wang Qilun , Li Xuning , Hung Sung‐Fu , Yang Hongbin , Liu Bin
Published: September 2024

Single atom catalysts (SACs) are promising non‐precious catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Unfortunately, the ORR SACs usually suffer from unsatisfactory activity and in particular poor stability. Herein, we report atomically dispersed manganese (Mn) embedded on nitrogen and sulfur co‐doped graphene as an efficient and robust electrocatalyst for ORR in alkaline electrolyte, realizing a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.883 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) with negligible activity degradation after 40,000 cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles in 0.1 M KOH. Introducing sulfur (S) to form Mn−S coordination changes the spin state of single Mn atom from high‐spin to low‐spin, verified by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetic susceptibility measurements as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which effectively optimizes the oxygen intermediates adsorption over the single Mn atomic sites and thus greatly improves the ORR activity.
Supramolecular Control of Helicene Circularly Polarized Luminescence Emitters in Molecular Solids and Bright Nanoparticles
Authors: Stenspil Stine G. , Olsson Andrew H. , Mucci Rebecca , Pink Maren , Besnard Céline , Pescitelli Gennaro , Lacour Jérôme , Flood Amar H. , Laursen Bo W.
Published: September 2024

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) from chiral molecules is attracting much attention due to its potential use in optical materials. However, formulation of CPL emitters as molecular solids typically deteriorates photophysical properties in the aggregated state leading to quenching and unpredictable changes in CPL behavior impeding materials development. To circumvent these shortcomings, a supramolecular approach can be used to isolate cationic dyes in a lattice of cyanostar‐anion complexes that suppress aggregation‐caused quenching and which we hypothesize can preserve the synthetically‐crafted chiroptical properties. Herein, we verify that supramolecular assembly of small‐molecule ionic isolation lattices (SMILES) allows translation of molecular ECD and CPL properties to solids. A series of cationic helicenes that display increasing chiroptical response is investigated. Crystal structures of three different packing motifs all show spatial isolation of dyes by the anion complexes. We observe the photophysical and chiroptical properties of all helicenes are seamlessly translated to water soluble nanoparticles by the SMILES method. Also, a DMQA helicene is used as FRET acceptor in SMILES nanoparticles of intensely absorbing rhodamine antennae to generate an 18‐fold boost in CPL brightness. These features offer promise for reliably accessing bright materials with programmable CPL properties.