bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergency cardiac care in the athletic setting: from schools to the Olympics
Authors: Toresdahl Brett , Courson Ron , Börjesson Mats , Sharma Sanjay , Drezner Jonathan
Published: October 2012

Medical providers at sporting events must be well-trained in the care of cardiac emergencies. Optimal outcomes are most likely achieved through comprehensive emergency planning that ensures prompt and appropriate care. The diversity of athletic venues, as well as the age and competition level of different athlete populations, present challenges to the provision of appropriate emergency care in sport. An efficient and coordinated medical response to cardiac emergencies requires an established emergency action plan, training of potential first responders in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and use of an automated external defibrillator, coordinating communication and transportation systems, and ensuring access to appropriate medical equipment and supplies. Prompt recognition and early defibrillation are critical in the management of athletes suffering sudden cardiac arrest. This article reviews emergency planning and cardiac care in athletics, with special considerations presented for the school, large arena, mass event and Olympic settings.
Imaging focal and interstitial fibrosis with cardiovascular magnetic resonance in athletes with left ventricular hypertrophy: implications for sporting participation
Authors: Waterhouse Deirdre F , Ismail Tevfik F , Prasad Sanjay K , Wilson Mathew G , O'Hanlon Rory
Published: October 2012

Long-term high-intensity physical activity is associated with morphological changes, termed as the ‘athlete's heart’. The differentiation of physiological cardiac adaptive changes in response to high-level exercise from pathological changes consistent with an inherited cardiomyopathy is imperative. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging allows definition of abnormal processes occurring at the tissue level, including, importantly, myocardial fibrosis. It is therefore vital in accurately making this differentiation. In this review, we will review the role of CMR imaging of fibrosis, and detail CMR characterisation of myocardial fibrosis in various cardiomyopathies, and the implications of fibrosis. Additionally, we will outline advances in imaging fibrosis, in particular T1 mapping. Finally we will address the role of CMR in pre-participation screening.
Whole slide images as a platform for initial diagnostics in histopathology in a medium-sized routine laboratory
Authors: Al-Janabi Shaimaa , Huisman André , Nap Marius , Clarijs Ruud , van Diest Paul J
Published: October 2012

Introduction

Whole slide imaging is the process of digitizing glass slides and the creation of Whole Slide Images (WSI), which enable the examination of pathology samples on a computer screen in a manner comparable to light microscopy. WSI have been used for different applications in pathology but their use for primary diagnostics is still limited. Implementing WSI for primary diagnostics would be a turning point necessitating extensive validation to unravel pitfalls and difficulties that could be encountered within the routine workflow. This article is aimed to describe the gradual integration of WSI into routine pathology diagnostics in a medium-sized routine pathology laboratory.

Methods

This project was started with optimizing the digital work environment including the setting up of validation studies, scanning preferences, storing WSI and the implemented adjustments to the workflow for the laboratory and the pathologist. Afterwards scanning glass slides was initiated in the department of pathology at the Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands, for performing primary diagnostics of breast biopsies. Later this was extended to other specimen types including resections.

Results

The validation studies yielded a high concordance rate between WSI and conventional diagnoses. Routine primary WSI based diagnosis was possible in 82.1% of cases. Failure of digital diagnosis was mainly related to poor image quality and logistic problems.

Conclusion

The quality of the currently produced WSI is sufficient for primary diagnostics in 82.1% of the cases. Improving image quality, adequate retrieval and controlling scanning error will definitely encourage the wide adaptation in routine diagnostics.
Republished: The relationship between serum TSH and free T4 in older people
Authors: Clark Penny M , Holder Roger L , Haque Sayeed M , Hobbs F D Richard , Roberts Lesley M , Franklyn Jayne A
Published: October 2012

The frequency distribution of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) shows a skewed pattern that may change with age. The set point of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis for an individual is thought to be genetically determined and has been described as a log-linear relationship of serum TSH to free thyroxine (T4); however, the validity of this hypothesis has yet to be established in older people. The aim of the study was to describe the relationship between serum TSH and free T4 in older people and define factors influencing this relationship. We conducted a cross-sectional, observational study of thyroid function in a community population of older subjects over 65 years of age. The relationship between serum TSH and free T4 was not linear as previously described, but is best described as a fourth-order polynomial. Both gender and smoking status affected the relationship. This suggests that more complex modelling is required when investigating the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.
Community pharmacy and cash reward: a winning combination for chlamydia screening?
Authors: Currie Marian J , Deeks Louise S , Cooper Gabrielle M , Martin Sarah J , Parker Rhian M , Del Rosario Rendry , Hocking Jane S , Bowden Francis J
Published: October 2012

Objectives

To date, the uptake of chlamydia screening in community pharmacies has been limited. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine if a cash reward, offered to both the provider and the consumer of chlamydia screening, increased the uptake of screening in community pharmacies.

Methods

During 4 weeks in 2011, chlamydia screening and education were offered in four city and two suburban pharmacies to people aged 16–30 years. Those who provided a urine sample for testing, contact details, and completed a brief questionnaire were rewarded with $A10. Positive participants, and their nominated contacts, were offered treatment.

Results

Over a period of 751.5 h, 979 testing kits were requested, and 900 (93%) urine samples returned. Using probabilistic linkage methods, we determined that 671/900 (75%) urine samples were from unique individuals. 0.9 unique samples were obtained/hour of screening, 63% of which were provided by men. 19/671 (2.8%; 95% CI 1.7% to 4.4%) people tested positive, 5.2% (95% CI 2.8% to 8.8%) of women, and 1.4% (1.4 0.5 to 3.1) of men. 11/19 (58%) people were contacted and treated—two for suspected pelvic inflammatory disease.

Conclusions

Providing a cash reward to encourage chlamydia screening in community pharmacies resulted in greater participation rates than previously reported pharmacy-based studies, particularly among men. Easily implemented mechanisms to reduce inappropriate repeat screening, incorrect contact details and effects on pharmacy work flow may enhance the efficiency of this approach.
γ ‐Glutamyl‐transferase (GGT) activity in the urine of clinically healthy domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Mancinelli E. , Shaw D. J. , Meredith A. L.
Published: October 2012

Free‐catch urine samples were collected from forty‐one clinically normal domestic rabbits of various ages, breeds and both sexes. The Test γ GT Liquid‐0018257640 was used for the in vitro quantitative determination of γ ‐Glutamyl‐transferase (GGT) and reference intervals for γ ‐glutamyl transferase (γ ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, γ ‐GT, GGT) and GGT index (γ ‐glutamyl transferase to creatinine ratio) were established in fresh urine samples. Possible correlations of GGT and GGT index with sex and age were also explored. The stability of GGT after storage at +4°C for one week and ‐20°C for one month was investigated. The GGT and the GGT index reference intervals in fresh urine samples of healthy domestic rabbits were found to be 2.7–96.5 IU/l and 0.043–1.034, respectively. The urine GGT activity and the GGT index did not differ significantly between sexes in fresh urine samples. Nevertheless, a statistically significant difference was found in the GGT index with neutered status. Short‐term storage at 4°C did not alter the enzyme stability, whereas, freezing did. Further investigations are needed to determine whether these parameters may be useful for early detection of renal tubular damage in rabbits, and in enabling better clinical management of affected animals.
Peritoneal inflammatory response to surgical correction of left displaced abomasum using different techniques
Authors: Wittek T. , Furll M. , Grosche A.
Published: October 2012

The objective of this study was to compare the inflammatory response within the abdominal cavity between three surgical methods. The study comprised 45 cows with left displacement of the abomasum, which were allocated into three groups (n = 15). Right flank laparotomy and omentopexy (group R), left flank laparotomy and omentopexy (group L), and laparoscopic abomasopexy (group J) have been applied. Laparoscopic abomasopexy was the only technique that requires perforation of the abomasal wall. Blood and peritoneal fluid (PF) samples were obtained before, and on days 1, 2 and 3 after surgery. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of PF were performed. Cytological and biochemical parameters were analysed in blood and PF. No bacteria were present in PF after surgery. The number of PF leukocytes increased in all groups on day 1 after surgery with the highest value after laparoscopy (median, 1st quartile, 3rd quartile, R: 13.1, 6.4, 16.0; L: 13.6, 9.9, 17.4; J: 33.7, 21.1, 46.9 G/l). Laparotomy resulted in an increase of blood and PF CK on day 1 after surgery, whereas, laparoscopy caused an increased PF CK only. All groups had elevated PF D‐dimer concentrations before surgery, with further increase in groups R and L on day 1 after surgery.
DETERMINISTIC INVENTORY SYSTEMS WITH POWER DEMAND PATTERN
Authors: SICILIA JOAQUÍN , FEBLES-ACOSTA JAIME , GONZÁLEZ-DE LA ROSA MANUEL
Published: October 2012

This paper presents a detailed analysis of inventory systems in which the demand for inventory is deterministic, varies by time in each order cycle, and follows a power pattern. Shortages are allowed. The decision variables are the initial stock level and the scheduling period. Holding cost, shortage cost, and replenishment cost are considered. Several scenarios are studied. First, the inventory system without shortages is analyzed, followed by systems with shortages. The full backordering and the completely lost sales systems are discussed and the optimal policy for each is explicitly determined. Several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the efficient inventory policy and the minimum cost for each inventory system.
OPTIMAL STACKELBERG STRATEGIES FOR CLOSED-LOOP SUPPLY CHAIN WITH THIRD-PARTY REVERSE LOGISTICS
Authors: YAN NI-NA , SUN BAO-WEN
Published: October 2012

Closed-loop supply chain (CLSC), especially the reverse logistics system with the third-party reverse logistics providers (3PRLP) is very important for materials return, remanufacturing, repair, recovery, recycling, and reusing. In this paper, based on a one-leader and multi-follower Stackelberg game with the manufacturer being the leader, we model a multi-echelon CLSC with 3PRLP under the consideration of impacts of environmental legislation on scrap recycling. Furthermore, in order to encourage the 3PRLP to exert him to return activities we design a target rebate-punish contract between the manufacturer and the 3PRLP under both stochastic price-dependent demands and stochastic effort-dependent returns. We analyze the closed-form analytic expressions for both united optimization strategies in centralized closed-loop system and the Stackelberg strategies in decentralized system, and conclude that the wholesale price contract may not coordinate the forward supply chain and the target rebate-punish may coordinate the reverse chain under certain conditions. Finally, according to the practice of Chinese steel enterprises we carry out some simulation experiments to validate our theoretical analyses and gain some insights into the impacts of reverse logistics activities on the practitioners operations and decisions.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUPERGRAVITY GRAND UNIFICATION: CIRCA 1982–1985
Authors: ARNOWITT R. , CHAMSEDDINE A. H. , NATH PRAN
Published: October 2012

The development in the early eighties of supergravity grand unified models with gravity-mediated breaking of supersymmetry has led to a remarkable progress in the study of supersymmetry at colliders, in dark matter and in a variety of other experimental searches in the intervening years since that time. The purpose of this note is to review this development and describe our construction of this theory in the period 1982–1985.
HEAVY DIQUARK SYMMETRY CONSTRAINTS FOR STRONG DECAYS
Authors: EAKINS B. , ROBERTS W.
Published: October 2012

The heavy diquark symmetry (HDS) of doubly heavy baryons (DHBs) provides new insights into the spectroscopy of these hadrons. We derive the consequences of this symmetry for the mass spectra and the decay widths of DHBs. We compare these symmetry constraints to results from a nonrelativistic quark model for the mass spectra and results from the 3P0 model for strong decays. The quark model we implement was not constructed with these symmetries and contains interactions which explicitly break HDS. Nevertheless these symmetries emerge. We argue that the 3P0 model and any other model for strong transitions which employs a spectator assumption explicitly respects HDS. We also explore the possibility of treating the strange quark as a heavy quark and apply these ideas to Ξ, Ξc and Ξb baryons.
DYNAMICS OF QUANTUM CORRELATIONS IN TWO-QUBIT SYSTEMS WITHIN NON-MARKOVIAN ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: FRANCO ROSARIO LO , BELLOMO BRUNO , MANISCALCO SABRINA , COMPAGNO GIUSEPPE
Published: October 2012

Knowledge of the dynamical behavior of correlations with no classical counterpart, like entanglement, nonlocal correlations and quantum discord, in open quantum systems is of primary interest because of the possibility to exploit these correlations for quantum information tasks. Here we review some of the most recent results on the dynamics of correlations in bipartite systems embedded in non-Markovian environments that, with their memory effects, influence in a relevant way the system dynamics and appear to be more fundamental than the Markovian ones for practical purposes. Firstly, we review the phenomenon of entanglement revivals in a two-qubit system for both independent environments and a common environment. We then consider the dynamics of quantum discord in non-Markovian dephasing channel and briefly discuss the occurrence of revivals of quantum correlations in classical environments.
SMOOTHED QUANTUM FLUCTUATIONS AND CMB OBSERVATIONS
Authors: MIELCZAREK JAKUB , KAMIONKA MICHAŁ
Published: October 2012

In this paper, we investigate power spectrum of a smoothed scalar field. The smoothing leads to regularization of the UV divergences and can be related with the internal structure of the considered field or the space itself. We perform Gaussian smoothing to the quantum fluctuations generated during the phase of cosmic inflation. We study whether this effect can be probed observationally and conclude that the modifications of the power spectrum due to the smoothing on the Planck scale are negligible and far beyond the observational abilities. Subsequently, we investigate whether smoothing in any other form can be probed observationally. We introduce phenomenological smoothing factor e-k2σ2 to the inflationary spectrum and investigate its effects on the spectrum of CMB anisotropies and polarization. We show that smoothing can lead to suppression of high multipoles in the spectrum of the CMB. Based on seven years observations of WMAP satellite we indicate that the present scale of high multipoles suppression is constrained by σ < 3.19 Mpc (95% CL). This corresponds to the constraint σ < 100 μm at the end of inflation. Despite this value is far above the Planck scale, other processes of smoothing can be possibly studied with this constraint, as decoherence or diffusion of primordial perturbations.
SELF-ORGANIZING PARTICLE SYSTEMS
Authors: HARDER MALTE , POLANI DANIEL
Published: October 2012

The self-organization of cells into a living organism is a very intricate process. Under the surface of orchestrating regulatory networks there are physical processes which make the information processing possible, that is required to organize such a multitude of individual entities. We use a quantitative information theoretic approach to assess self-organization of a collective system. In particular, we consider an interacting particle system, that roughly mimics biological cells by exhibiting differential adhesion behavior. Employing techniques related to shape analysis, we show that these systems in most cases exhibit self-organization. Moreover, we consider spatial constraints of interactions, and additionaly show that particle systems can self-organize without the emergence of pattern-like structures. However, we will see that regular pattern-like structures help to overcome limitations of self-organization that are imposed by the spatial structure of interactions.
CONTROLLING GEOMETRIC PHASE IN DISSIPATIVE SYSTEM BY DIRECT FEEDBACK
Authors: SUN H. Y. , ZHOU C. C. , XUE K.
Published: October 2012

We calculate the geometric phase associated to a dissipative system which is influenced by system's state (feedback). The dependence of the geometric phase on the control feedback parameters is calculated and discussed. This direct feedback procedure can overcome spontaneous emission effect and generate a fluctuation on the geometric phase.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE ACOUSTIC DAMPING OF PLANE ACOUSTIC WAVES BY PERFORATED LINERS WITH BIAS FLOW
Authors: ZHAO DAN , ZHONG ZHI YUAN
Published: October 2012

Perforated liners are extensively used in aero-engines and gas turbine combustors to suppress combustion instabilities. These liners, typically subjected to a low Mach number bias flow (a cooling flow through perforated holes), are fitted along the bounding walls of a combustor to convert acoustic energy into flow energy by generating vorticity at the rims of the perforated apertures. To investigate the acoustic damping of such liners with bias flow on plane acoustic waves, a time-domain numerical model is developed to compute acoustic wave propagation in a cylindrical duct with a single-layer liner attached. The damping mechanism of the liner is characterized in real-time by using a 'compliance', developed especially for this work. It is a rational function representation of the frequency-domain homogeneous compliance adapted from the Rayleigh conductivity of a single aperture with mean bias flow in the z-domain. The liner 'compliance' model is then incorporated into partial differential equations of the duct system, which are solved by using the method of lines. The numerical results are then evaluated by comparing with the numerical results of Eldredge and Dowling's frequency-domain model. Good agreement is observed. This confirms that the model and the approach developed are suitable for real-time characterizing the acoustic damping of perforated liners.
NATURAL CONVECTION OF TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MAGNETIC FLUIDS IN POROUS MEDIA
Authors: NIU XIAO-DONG , YAMAGUCHI HIROSHI
Published: October 2012

In this article, natural convection of a temperature-sensitive magnetic fluid in a porous media is studied numerically by using lattice Boltzmann method. Results show that the heat transfer decreases when the ball numbers increase. When the magnetic field is increased, the heat transfer is enhanced; however the average wall Nusselt number increases at small ball numbers but decreases at large ball numbers due to the induced flow being more likely confined near the bottom walls with a high number of obstacles.
A HYBRID PHASE-FIELD BASED LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD FOR CONTACT LINE DYNAMICS
Authors: SHAO JIANG YAN , SHU CHANG , CHEW YONG TIAN
Published: October 2012

A hybrid phase-field based lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is proposed in this paper to simulate the contact line dynamics. The flow field is obtained through the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE). Concurrently, the interface capturing is accomplished by directly solving Cahn-Hilliard equation, which is the governing equation of interface evolution. A symmetric spatial discretization scheme is adopted to enhance the stability. Compared with the conventional algorithms which solve two sets of LBEs, the present method has several advantages such as reduction of the number of variables in the solution process, decoupling the mobility with relaxation time and enabling a more direct manner to implement wetting boundary conditions. The proposed algorithm is first validated through recovering the analytical profile of a surface layer. It is then applied to simulate droplet spreading on surfaces with different wettability.
SHOCK INDUCED SEPARATING FLOWS IN SCRAMJET INTAKES
Authors: YAO YUFENG , RINCON DANIEL , ZHENG YAO
Published: October 2012

Shock induced separating flows in a scramjet intake has been studied by using a computational fluid dynamics approach. A configuration of scramjet intake geometry consisting of two exterior compression ramps, followed by a subsequent inlet and interior isolator/diffuser assembly, is chosen. The flow conditions are incoming Mach 7 with free-stream static temperature of 46.3K and wall temperature of 300K, respectively. Consequently, oblique shock wave will be formed and its interaction with viscous boundary layers will lead to flow separation that is responsible for the loss of mass flow, total pressure and several other effects. Simulations confirmed that it is necessary to include the cowl wedge in order to predict wall pressure distributions along the lower surface of the intake walls. It is also shown that mesh topology has some influences on prediction results with structured mesh gives better predictions than that of hybrid mesh. A total of eight turbulence models have been applied and results have shown reasonably good agreement with the experimental measurements and other numerical predictions, with small differences occur in localized regions particularly after shock reflection inside the intake channel. Not surprisingly, shock induced flow separation occurs and it correlates well with higher wall pressure and heating downstream. This phenomenon will have significant impact on deteriorating boundary layer property and consequently the engine performance.
EXPERIMENTS OF CLOSED-LOOP FLOW CONTROL FOR LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYERS
Authors: ZHANG ZHENYU
Published: October 2012

The Tollmien-Schlichting (T-S) instability is important for the transition process of boundary layer flows. The cancellation of its unstable modes will help delay the occurrence of transition and then turbulence. In this article the T-S instability was attempted to attenuate through an active closed-loop control strategy. The frequency responses of unstable travelling T-S waves were obtained for the implementation of control strategy. Information such as velocity disturbances of both incoming unstable waves and cancelling waves were then fed into the control system. A controller was deliberately designed and tested for the active cancellation of instabilities which were excited by velocity disturbances normal to the wall. The cancellation performance of the control system was validated by experiments in a low turbulence wind tunnel, which proved the functionality of above control strategy upon the active cancellation of boundary layer instabilities.
A NEW ACTIVE CONTROL STRATEGY FOR WIND-TURBINE BLADES UNDER OFF-DESIGN CONDITIONS
Authors: ZHANG RI-KUI , WU JIE-ZHI , CHEN SHI-YI
Published: October 2012

A new active control strategy for wind-turbine blades under off-design conditions has been investigated in this paper. According to our previous work, in comparison with the traditional straight leading-edge blade, a new kind of bionic blades with a sinusoidal leading edge can significantly enhance the turbine's power output at high speed inflows. However, the wavy leading-edge shape is unfavorable under the design operating conditions since an early boundary-layer separation is inevitable for a wind-turbine blade because of the geometric disturbances of the leading-edge tubercles. But for the present active control, the deflect in wavy leading-edge blades can be eliminated by introducing a series of small flat delta wings as the control units, since delta wings can also generate powerful leading-edge vortices. As a preliminary test, our numerical results show that, the shaft-torque fluctuation in the turbine's stall region can be improved from 27.8% for a straight leading-edge blade (no control) to 8.9% for the present active control; and by adjusting the control parameters, the control units nearly have not any negative effect on the blade's shaft torque under the design conditions. We believe that, as an auxiliary tool of the conventional control strategies, the present active control approach may be favorable to generate a more stable and more controllable power output for wind turbines under all operating conditions (even in the yawed inflows).
COMPACT OPTOFLUIDIC REFRACTOMETER BASED ON PHASE TRANSMISSION GRATING
Authors: CHAU FOOK SIONG , YU HONGBIN , ZHOU GUANGYA
Published: October 2012

In this paper, a compact optofluidic refractometer is demonstrated. Consisting of a transmitting grating structure with rectangular grooves integrated into a microfluidic network, its working principle is based on the effect of the refractive index of a sample fluid that fills the groove space on the zeroth-order diffraction intensity. The performance of the device is dependent on grating structure parameters such as thickness. Theoretical analysis and experimental measurements agree well with each other and both demonstrate that a thicker grating results in higher sensitivity but a smaller measurement range, and vice-versa. It can also be expected that smaller changes in refractive index can be resolved by using a detector with a lower detection limit.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND WAKE MODELING OF WIND TURBINE ROTOR AS AN ACTUATOR DISK
Authors: SHEN XIANG , WANG TONGGUANG , ZHONG WEI
Published: October 2012

Numerical simulations of flow fields around the wind turbine rotor simplified as an actuator disk (AD) with zero thickness have been made to investigate the flow structure and wake development in different operation states. A N-S solver has been used and the energy extracted by the rotor is represented by a discontinuous pressure jump through the actuator disk. Axial pressure and velocity development from far upstream to far downstream is fully described by the simulations, which could never be obtained by the momentum theory. It is showed that there are significant differences in wake development between inviscid and viscous conditions. In inviscid simulations, the axial velocity keeps decreasing along the oncoming flow direction, which is consistent with the momentum theory. In viscous simulations, however, the axial velocity first decreases but then gradually recovers approaching to the undisturbed velocity, due to momentum transport from outer flow to wake flow by viscous shear effect. Based on the numerical analysis, the work of this paper is also focused on wake modeling. A new two-dimensional models based on nonlinear wake development has been developed, which is capable to describe the far wake more accurately.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF ENGINE INLET VANE HOT–AIR ANTI–ICING SYSTEM WITH SURFACE AIR FILM
Authors: MA HUI , CHEN WEIJIAN , ZHANG DALIN
Published: October 2012

The inlet vane of aircraft engine needs to be equipped with anti-icing system to prevent ice accretion on the leading edge due to flight safety requirements, and the engine bleed hot-air is mostly used to heat the vane surface in anti-icing system. In order to save the energy consumption, a new anti-icing structure was developed and investigated with numerical simulation. Besides the use of small tunnels to enhance the heat transfer characteristics, a narrow gap was opened and assigned on the vane surface at the end of the anti-icing tunnels, and the exhaust hot-air was released from the gap to form an air film on the outside surface, which was supposed to prevent the droplets from impinging to the surface and sweep the droplets away. The droplets impingement on the vane surface was investigated by solving the 3D Eulerian air/droplets twophase model, and the impingement results were compared with the original system. Meanwhile, the thermodynamic analysis of the anti-icing system was presented in this paper. The results indicate that the air film is effective to decrease the droplets impingement area, and the new structure could provide more heat flux for anti-icing than the regular anti-icing structure.
3D ICE ACCRETION SIMULATION FOR COMPLEX CONFIGURATION BASING ON IMPROVED MESSINGER MODEL
Authors: ZHU CHENGXIANG , FU BIN , SUN ZHIGUO , ZHU CHUNLING
Published: October 2012

Ice accretion on 3D complex configuration is studied by numerical method. The flow field is obtained by using Fluent 6.0 with S-A turbulence model, droplet trajectories and impingement characteristics are obtained using the Eulerian approach, ice shape is calculated basing on the improved Messinger model with a new runback distribution scheme. Using the method presented in this paper, ice accretion on NACA0012 is computed, and the results are in good agreement with the available experiment data. It shows preliminarily that the improved method described in this paper is feasible. Meanwhile, ice accretion on a four-element airplane is studied. According to the analysis of the calculated result, it illustrates that using the method presented in the paper can correctly simulate the ice accretion on 3D complex configuration.
NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE INHIBITION OF CAVITATION IN PIPING SYSTEMS
Authors: BYEON SUN SEOK , LEE SANG JUN , KIM YOUN-JEA
Published: October 2012

Abrupt closing valve in piping systems is sometimes resulted in cavitation due to the occurrence of high pressure difference. The bubbles generating by cavitation influence operating pressure and then those generate shock wave and vibration. These phenomena can consequentially cause to corrosion and erosion. So, the cavitation is the important factor to consider reliability of piping systems and mechanical lifetime. This paper investigated the various inhibition methods of cavitation in piping systems in which butterfly valves are installed. To prevent cavitation occurrence, it is desirable to analyze its characteristics between the upstream and downstream of process valve. Results show that the fluid velocity is fast when a working fluid passed through butterfly valve. The pressure of these areas was not only under saturation vapor pressure of water, but also cavitation was continuously occurred. We confirmed that the effect of existence of inserted orifice and influence to break condition under saturation vapor pressure of water. Results were graphically depicted by pressure distribution, velocity distribution, and vapor volume fraction.
SIMULATION METHOD FOR WIND TUNNEL BASED VIRTUAL FLIGHT TESTING
Authors: LI HAO , ZHAO ZHONG-LIANG , FAN ZHAO-LIN
Published: October 2012

The Wind Tunnel Based Virtual Flight Testing (WTBVFT) could replicate the actual free flight and explore the aerodynamics/flight dynamics nonlinear coupling mechanism during the maneuver in the wind tunnel. The basic WTBVFT concept is to mount the test model on a specialized support system which allows for the model freely rotational motion, and the aerodynamic loading and motion parameters are measured simultaneously during the model motion. The simulations of the 3-DOF pitching motion of a typical missile in the vertical plane are performed with the openloop and closed-loop control methods. The objective is to analyze the effect of the main differences between the WTBVFT and the actual free flight, and study the simulation method for the WTBVFT. Preliminary simulation analyses have been conducted with positive results. These results indicate that the WTBVFT that uses closed-loop autopilot control method with the pitch angular rate feedback signal is able to replicate the actual free flight behavior within acceptable differences.
Hypertext 2012
Authors: Atzmueller Martin
Published: October 2012

The 2012 ACM Hypertext Conference was held in Milwaukee, USA, from June 25th to June 28th. Located at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, the conference venue was beautifully located at the campus, providing an excellent infrastructure and environment for attending talks, discussions, meetings, and getting to know Milwaukee. The General Chair was Ethan Munson, complemented by the Program Chair Markus Strohmaier, the Publicity Chair Alvin Chin, the Workshop Chairs Arkaitz Zubiaga and Carlos Solis, and the respective Workshop and Track Co-Chairs. 120 submissions and 77 registered participants reflected the strong interest of the community in the conference, and in advancing and discussing the state of social media and hypertext research. Logistically, the conference was structured into to four main tracks: Track 1 focused on "Social Media". Track 2 focused on "Semantic Data", Track 3 "Adaptive Hypertext and Hypermedia", and Track 4 on "Hypertext and Narrative Connections". Combined, 33 peer-reviewed papers (overall acceptance rate of 27.5%) were presented at the conference.
"Discovering emotion influence patterns in online social network conversations" by Suin Kim, JinYeong Bak, and Alice Oh, with Ching-man Au Yeung as coordinator
Authors: Kim Suin , Bak JinYeong , Oh Alice
Published: October 2012

Conversational partners influence each others' emotions and topics. Using a large dataset of Twitter conversations and an unsupervised machine learning technique, we discover patterns of emotion influence in naturally occurring conversations. We describe our computational framework for automatically classifying emotions, analyzing the emotional transitions, and discovering emotion influence patterns. We found that conversational partners usually express the same emotion (emotion contagion), but when they do not, one of the conversational partners tends to respond with a positive emotion. Also, tweets containing sympathy, apology, and complaint are significant emotion influencers. One of the interesting findings is that expressing a desired emotion is the best strategy to alter partner's emotion.
IE browser compatibility for web applications
Authors: BALASUNDARAM PRABAVATHY , RAMADOSS AMRITA , MUTHAIYA MANJU
Published: October 2012

Web browsing has evolved from the viewing of static, content-oriented web pages to the execution of dynamic applications over the web. This has initiated the problem of cross browser incompatibility from simple look and feel issues to critical functional failures. Internet Explorer (IE) is the most unpopular browser among the developers due to its lack of web standards compliance and peculiar features. However, it is the most leading choice in the market according to recent browser usage statistics. As a result, developers discover that the support of IE in the web applications is needed for satisfying the customers. However, providing such support is difficult as IE has certain restrictions in its features. This paper introduces cross browser compatibility, uncovers few of the idiosyncrasies of IE and provides solutions which can be useful in developing web applications with IE browser support.
Software on Mars
Authors: Goth Gregory
Published: October 2012

With the AEGIS system, the Mars Exploration Rovers can autonomously select, capture, and analyze images using onboard logic.
Control without controllers
Authors: Geller Tom
Published: October 2012

Disney's Touché project could transform every conductive surface into a touch-control surface.
Oracle v. Google
Authors: Samuelson Pamela
Published: October 2012

Assessing the first phase of the trial based on claims that Google's Android platform infringes Oracle's Java-related copyrights and patents.
Societal implications of the emerging smart grid
Authors: Kostyk Timothy , Herkert Joseph
Published: October 2012

Seeking solutions to concerns that go beyond the engineering of the smart grid.
The challenges ahead for bio-inspired 'soft' robotics
Authors: Pfeifer Rolf , Lungarella Max , Iida Fumiya
Published: October 2012

Soft materials may enable the automation of tasks beyond the capacities of current robotic technology.
Puzzled: Weighed in the balance
Authors: Winkler Peter
Published: October 2012

Many of us have pondered puzzles involving a set of
n
coins and a balance scale, the idea being typically to find the counterfeit coin and determine whether it is lighter or heavier than the others using the fewest possible weighings. Here we take a slightly different tack, but the equipment is familiar: a set of coins and a balance scale that can tell us which of two sets of coins is heavier or that they are of equal weight.
International and national standard harmonization and achievement effort of web accessibility in Japan
Authors: Watanabe Takayuki
Published: October 2012

The objective of this article is to describe how and what Japan has carried out standard harmonization, both internationally with WCAG 2.0 and nationally in Japan, and achievement efforts of Web accessibility based on the harmonized national Web content accessibility standard, JIS X 8341-3: 2010. In this article, I firstly explain the importance of Web accessibility for the disabled and the aged, and show national standard series of JIS X 8341 "Guidelines for older persons and persons with disabilities -- Information and communications equipment, software and services." Then, the development and revision of JIS X 8341-3 is explained from a viewpoint of harmonization effort with WCAG 2.0. Thirdly, Japanese activities to improve Web accessibility based on JIS X 8341-3: 2010 are explained in detail. In conclusion, Japan has a harmonized national industrial standard of Web content accessibility but there are many things to tackle to improve Web accessibility.
Bridging the communication gap
Authors: van Zijl Lynette
Published: October 2012

First world support systems are not always available to, or affordble for, South Africans with assistive requirements. Our group focuses on persons with communication needs, such as persons with sight, hearing or autism barriers.
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide induces cytokine expression, lipolysis, and insulin resistance in human adipocytes
Authors: Timper Katharina , Grisouard Jean , Sauter Nadine S. , Herzog-Radimerski Tanja , Dembinski Kaethi , Peterli Ralph , Frey Daniel M. , Zulewski Henryk , Keller Ulrich , Müller Beat , Christ-Crain Mirjam
Published: October 2012

Obesity-related insulin resistance is linked to a chronic state of systemic and adipose tissue-derived inflammation. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone also acting on adipocytes. We investigated whether GIP affects inflammation, lipolysis, and insulin resistance in human adipocytes. Human subcutaneous preadipocyte-derived adipocytes, differentiated in vitro, were treated with human GIP to analyze mRNA expression and protein secretion of cytokines, glycerol, and free fatty acid release and insulin-induced glucose uptake. GIP induced mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and the IL-1 receptor antagonist IL-1Ra, whereas TNFα, IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 remained unchanged. Cytokine induction involved PKA and the NF-κB pathway as well as an autocrine IL-1 effect. Furthermore, GIP potentiated IL-6 and IL-1Ra secretion in the presence of LPS, IL-1β, and TNFα. GIP induced lipolysis via activation of hormone-sensitive lipase and was linked to NF-κB activation. Finally, chronic GIP treatment impaired insulin-induced glucose uptake possibly due to the observed impaired translocation of glucose transporter GLUT4. In conclusion, GIP induces an inflammatory and prolipolytic response via the PKA -NF-κB-IL-1 pathway and impairs insulin sensitivity of glucose uptake in human adipocytes.
Defective postnatal endochondral bone development by chondrocyte-specific targeted expression of parathyroid hormone type 2 receptor
Authors: Panda Dibyendu Kumar , Goltzman David , Karaplis Andrew C.
Published: October 2012

The human parathyroid hormone type 2 receptor (PTH2R) is activated by PTH and by tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39), the latter likely acting as its natural ligand. Although the receptor is expressed at highest levels in the nervous system, we have observed that both PTH2R and TIP39 are expressed in the newborn mouse growth plate, with the receptor localizing in the resting zone and the ligand TIP39 localizing exclusively in prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes. To address the role of PTH2R in postnatal skeletal growth and development, Col2a1-hPTH2R (PTH2R-Tg) transgenic mice were generated. The mice were viable and of nearly normal size at birth. Expression of the transgene in the growth plate was limited to chondrocytes. We found that chondrocyte proliferation was decreased, as determined by in vivo BrdU labeling of proliferating chondrocytes and CDK4 and p21 expression in the growth plate of Col2a1-hPTH2R transgenic mice. Similarly, the differentiation and maturation of chondrocytes was delayed, as characterized by decreased Sox9 expression and weaker immunostaining for the chondrocyte differentiation markers collagen type II and type X and proteoglycans. As well, there was altered expression of Gdf5, Wdr5, and β-catenin, factors implicated in chondrocyte maturation, proliferation, and differentiation.These effects impacted on the process of endochondral ossification, resulting in delayed formation of the secondary ossification center, and diminished trabecular bone volume. The findings substantiate a role for PTH2R signaling in postnatal growth plate development and subsequent bone mass acquisition.
Maternal calorie restriction modulates placental mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetic efficiency: putative involvement in fetoplacental growth defects in rats
Authors: Mayeur Sylvain , Lancel Steve , Theys Nicolas , Lukaszewski Marie-Amélie , Duban-Deweer Sophie , Bastide Bruno , Hachani Johan , Cecchelli Roméo , Breton Christophe , Gabory Anne , Storme Laurent , Reusens Brigitte , Junien Claudine , Vieau Didier , Lesage Jean
Published: October 2012

Low birth weight is associated with an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes and metabolic diseases. The placental capacity to supply nutrients and oxygen to the fetus represents the main determiner of fetal growth. However, few studies have investigated the effects of maternal diet on the placenta. We explored placental adaptive proteomic processes implicated in response to maternal undernutrition. Rat term placentas from 70% food-restricted (FR30) mothers were used for a proteomic screen. Placental mitochondrial functions were evaluated using molecular and functional approaches, and ATP production was measured. FR30 drastically reduced placental and fetal weights. FR30 placentas displayed 14 proteins that were differentially expressed, including several mitochondrial proteins. FR30 induced a marked increase in placental mtDNA content and changes in mitochondrial functions, including modulation of the expression of genes implicated in biogenesis and bioenergetic pathways. FR30 mitochondria showed higher oxygen consumption but failed to maintain their ATP production. Maternal undernutrition induces placental mitochondrial abnormalities. Although an increase in biogenesis and bioenergetic efficiency was noted, placental ATP level was reduced. Our data suggest that placental mitochondrial defects may be implicated in fetoplacental pathologies.
Molecular aspects of mucin biosynthesis and mucus formation in the bovine cervix during the periestrous period
Authors: Pluta Katarzyna , McGettigan Paul A. , Reid Colm J. , Browne John A. , Irwin Jane A. , Tharmalingam Tharmala , Corfield Anthony , Baird Alan , Loftus Brendan J. , Evans Alexander C. O. , Carrington Stephen D.
Published: October 2012

Mucus within the cervical canal represents a hormonally regulated barrier that reconciles the need to exclude the vaginal microflora from the uterus during progesterone dominance, while permitting sperm transport at estrus. Its characteristics change during the estrous cycle to facilitate these competing functional requirements. Hydrated mucin glycoproteins synthesized by the endocervical epithelium form the molecular scaffold of this mucus. This study uses the bovine cervix as a model to examine functional groups of genes related to mucin biosynthesis and mucus production over the periestrous period when functional changes in cervical barrier function are most prominent. Cervical tissue samples were collected from 30 estrus synchronized beef heifers. Animals were slaughtered in groups starting 12 h after the withdrawal of intravaginal progesterone releasing devices (controlled internal drug releases) until 7 days postonset of estrus (luteal phase). Subsequent groupings represented proestrus, early estrus, late estrus, metestrus, and finally the early luteal phase. Tissues were submitted to next generation RNA-seq transcriptome analysis. We identified 114 genes associated with biosynthesis and intracellular transport of mucins, and postsecretory modifications of cervical; 53 of these genes showed at least a twofold change in one or more experimental group in relation to onset of estrus, and the differences between groups were significant ( P < 0.05). The majority of these genes showed the greatest alteration in their expression in the 48 h postestrus and luteal phase groups.
Predation of Fruit Fly LarvaeAnastrepha(Diptera: Tephritidae) by Ants in Grove
Authors: Fernandes W. D. , Sant'Ana M. V. , Raizer J. , Lange D.
Published: October 2012

Based on evidence that ants are population regulatory agents, we examined their efficiency in predation of fruit fly larvaeAnastrephaSchiner, 1868 (Diptera: Tephritidae). Hence, we considered the differences among species of fruit trees, the degree of soil compaction, and the content of soil moisture as variables that would explain predation by ants because these variables affect burying time of larvae. We carried out the experiment in an orchard containing various fruit bearing trees, of which the guava (Psidium guajavaLinn.), jaboticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba(Vell.) Berg.), and mango trees (Mangifera indicaLinn.) were chosen for observations ofAnastrepha. We offered liveAnastrephalarvae on soil beneath the tree crowns. We observed for 10 min whether ants removed the larvae or the larvae buried themselves. Eight ant species were responsible for removing 1/4 of the larvae offered. ThePheidoleWestwood, 1839 ants were the most efficient genus, removing 93% of the larvae. In compacted and dry soils, the rate of predation by ants was greater. Therefore, this study showed that ants, along with specific soil characteristics, may be important regulators of fruit fly populations and contribute to natural pest control in orchards.
Evasive Maneuvers in Space Debris Environment and Technological Parameters
Authors: Jesus Antônio D. C. , Ribeiro Rafael S. , Rossi Alessandro , Veira Neto Ernesto
Published: October 2012

We present a study of collisional dynamics between space debris and an operational vehicle in LEO. We adopted an approach based on the relative dynamics between the objects on a collisional course and with a short warning time and established a semianalytical solution for the final trajectories of these objects. Our results show that there are angular ranges in 3D, in addition to the initial conditions, that favor the collisions. These results allowed the investigation of a range of technological parameters for the spacecraft (e.g., fuel reserve) that allow a safe evasive maneuver (e.g., time available for the maneuver). The numerical model was tested for different values of the impact velocity and relative distance between the approaching objects.