Optimizing Light Intensity with PID Control
Authors: Alfian Eriko , Ma'arif Alfian , Chotikunnan Phichitphon , Abougarair Ahmed Jaber 
Published: February 2024

Lighting is a fundamental cornerstone within interior design, possessing the capability to metamorphose spaces and evoke emotional responses profoundly. This principle applies to residential, industrial, and office domains, where lighting nuances are meticulously adjusted to enhance comfort and practicality. However, adequate luminance frequently intersects with energy wastage, often attributed to negligent light management practices. Mitigating this issue necessitates integrating light intensity controls adept at adapting to ambient luminosity and room-specific parameters. A prospective avenue encompasses incorporating a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control system synergized with light sensors. This research Implementing a closed-loop architecture, PID control utilizes feedback mechanisms to improve the precision of instrumentation systems. The PID methodology, consisting of Proportional, Integral, and Derivative control modalities, produces stable responses, accelerates system reactions, and diminishes deviations and overshooting by predetermined setpoints. The proposed Light Intensity Control System underpinned by PID methodology manifests as an exhibition of compelling outcomes drawn from empirical trials. The judicious selection of optimal parameters, specifically Kp = 0.2, Ki = 0.1, and Kd = 0.1, yielded noteworthy test outcomes: an ascent time of 0.0848, an overshoot of 6.5900, a culmination period of 0.4800, a settling period of 2.3032, and a steady-state error of 0.0300. Within this system, the PID controller assumes a pivotal role, orchestrating the regulation and meticulous calibration of light intensity to harmonize with designated criteria, thus fostering an environment of augmented energy efficiency and adaptability in illumination.Lighting is a fundamental cornerstone within interior design, possessing the capability to metamorphose spaces and evoke emotional responses profoundly. This principle applies to residential, industrial, and office domains, where lighting nuances are meticulously adjusted to enhance comfort and practicality. However, adequate luminance frequently intersects with energy wastage, often attributed to negligent light management practices. Mitigating this issue necessitates integrating light intensity controls adept at adapting to ambient luminosity and room-specific parameters. A prospective avenue encompasses incorporating a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control system synergized with light sensors. This research Implementing a closed-loop architecture, PID control utilizes feedback mechanisms to improve the precision of instrumentation systems. The PID methodology, consisting of Proportional, Integral, and Derivative control modalities, produces stable responses, accelerates system reactions, and diminishes deviations and overshooting by predetermined setpoints. The proposed Light Intensity Control System underpinned by PID methodology manifests as an exhibition of compelling outcomes drawn from empirical trials. The judicious selection of optimal parameters, specifically Kp = 0.2, Ki = 0.1, and Kd = 0.1, yielded noteworthy test outcomes: an ascent time of 0.0848, an overshoot of 6.5900, a culmination period of 0.4800, a settling period of 2.3032, and a steady-state error of 0.0300. Within this system, the PID controller assumes a pivotal role, orchestrating the regulation and meticulous calibration of light intensity to harmonize with designated criteria, thus fostering an environment of augmented energy efficiency and adaptability in illumination.