bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RECURRENT LEXIS AND PHRASEOLOGY IN ENGLISH RESTAURANT REVIEWS: A DATA-DRIVEN ANALYSIS
Authors: Szczygłowska Tatiana
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a corpus linguistic analysis of recurrent vocabulary and phraseologyin written English food discourse. More specifi cally, it focuses on the use and discourse functions of keywords, key multi-word terms and lexical bundles in a specialized corpus comprising 200 professional restaurant reviews that were published in online editions of selected British and American newspapers. The results of the study indicate that the most distinctive lexical feature of the analyzed texts is the frequent mention of ingredients and the limited presence of stance devices. The most frequently mentioned aspects of the referential content also show that what is evaluated is the total experience of eating and dining at a restaurant. These fi ndings contribute to the area of English forSpecific Purposes, off ering pedagogical potential that can be exploited when developing purpose-made teaching materials for students in food-related programs who need to learn the specialized vocabulary of their target profession.
A COMPARISON OF NICHE ESTABLISHMENTS IN ENGLISH RESEARCH ARTICLE INTRODUCTIONS PUBLISHED IN INTERNATIONAL AND THAI JOURNALS
Authors: Amnuai Wirada
Published: December 2021

The present study looked closely at the niche establishments in the introduction sections of English research articles written by Thai authors and published in local Thai journals and compared them to those found in introduction sections written by non-Thai authors published in international and high indexed journals. Each of the two corpora contains forty introductory sections. The analysis was based on the frameworks of Swales (2004) and Lim (2012). It was found that the use of niche establishments in the international corpus was higher than that in the Thai corpus. In the Thai corpus, “Stressing insufficient research” was the highest strategy, but “Revealing methodological limitations” was completely absent. It is expected that the results will provide practical guidance for novice writers to write their research introduction sections with informative and convincing niche establishments and, to some extent, the results should also benefit English writing classes, especially in Thailand.
ENGLISH IN THE CHURCHSCAPE: EXPLORING A RELIGIOUS LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE IN THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Esteron Jerico Juan
Published: December 2021

As one of the official languages of the Philippines, English predominantly figures in thedomains of education, government, and the judiciary. This reality has always put English at the top of the linguistic ladder, relegating local languages to lower ranks. This scenario appears to be evident also in the domain of the church. In this paper, I investigate signs posted within the compound of a major Catholic church located in the Philippines in terms of types and language use. Informed by linguistic landscape concepts pioneered by Landry and Bourhis (1997), Spolsky and Cooper (1991), and Ben-Rafael (2009), I analyzed over a hundred signs in the religious linguistic landscape, which I call ‘churchscape’. Findings show that English dominates in the churchscape as a language of communication and language of tourism while local languages such as Filipino and Pangasinan assume a secondary role in the churchscape. This study affords us an interesting view and alternative understanding of multilingualism as a phenomenon through the churchscape in question.
Incompatibilismo humanista: Una contrapropuesta del neuroabolicionismo penal
Authors: Borbón Diego
Published: December 2021

El incompatibilismo humanista sostiene que el libre albedrío es un concepto incompatible con las verdades deterministas e indeterministas de la ciencia, pero plantea la dignidad humana como límite a cualquier desarrollo de la ciencia y la justicia. El presente artículo realiza un recorrido histórico y conceptual alrededor del determinismo, indeterminismo, compatibilismo e incompatibilismo. Posteriormente, introduce al problema que la neurociencia provoca para la teoría del delito y la culpabilidad penal. Más adelante, presenta algunas críticas al compatibilismo humanista y postula al incompatibilismo humanista como una contrapropuesta abolicionista del derecho penal. El artículo finaliza con la formulación de cinco postulados básicos de una nueva corriente abolicionista: el neuroabolicionismo penal, y se exponen las conclusiones.
Los prejuicios no percibidos y el caso Sócrates: un ejemplo paradigmático.
Authors: Prada García Aurelio
Published: December 2021

En un trabajo anterior defendimos que no se había prestado suficiente atención al procedimiento utilizado en el juicio contra Sócrates, sin que examináramos las causas de esa desatención. Ahora, tras analizarlas, llegamos a la conclusión de que ese procedimiento se habría malentendido completamente al haberse implementado un prejuicio no percibido. Habríamos extrapolado a ese procedimiento los presupuestos individualistas de los procedimientos vigentes hoy en día y, en consecuencia, habríamos estado sordos a lo que nos dice la tradición. Un ejemplo de sordera que podría ser muy útil para detectar otros casos semejantes de implementación de prejuicios no percibidos.
Relaciones entre derecho y literatura en la historia argentina. Propuestas para su estudio desde la filosofía del derecho
Authors: Ana Dobratinich Gonzalo
Published: December 2021

El presente trabajo se propone analizar los vínculos derecho y literatura en la historia argentina desde principios del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad. Desde los marcos teóricos que indagan la relación derecho-literatura, se estudiará las posibles articulación y funcionamiento de las producciones literarias en torno al espacio jurídico. Diferentes serán sus narraciones sobre el despliegue normativo, el uso de la fuerza, la protección de los cuerpos, la exclusión de la otredad y la construcción de la subjetividad. La tensión entre estética y normatividad abre nuevos canales de tematización y estudios interdisciplinarios desde la filosofía del derecho.
Más allá de lo constituido. Lo común como hipótesis jurídico-constitucional
Authors: Aparicio Wilhelmi Marco
Published: December 2021

En la tarea de ir más allá de lo instituido/constituido, el debate y las prácticas sobre los (bienes) comunes están alcanzando un claro protagonismo. El punto de partida, especialmente por lo que respecta a la reflexión constitucional, se hallaría en la contrastada insuficiencia del discurso de los derechos ante la capacidad de acaparamiento privado (y también público) de los recursos y servicios colectivos. Frente a ello, el presente texto trata de mostrar la dimensión constitucional del debate sobre lo común, a través de su engarce con la institucionalidad público-estatal y su capacidad destituyente/constituyente. A partir de ahí, se proponen elementos para pensar un Derecho del Común y una comunalización del Derecho.
On the Possibility of Embedding the Mechanism of Linguistic Anticipation into Speech Recognition Systems
Authors: Kurushin Daniel , Nesterova Natalia , Soboleva Olga
Published: December 2021

The paper deals with the problems of modeling speech recognition systems. The authors proposed to use the mechanism of linguistic anticipation in the speech recognition systems. It is known that anticipation is a kind of phenomenon of anticipatory reflection, which can provide an opportunity for the subject to “look into the future.” Anticipation is believed to be an effective method of improving reading technique in children as it enables to increase the speed of reading [1]. The similarity of the learning processes of the human brain and artificial neural-like algorithms allows to suggest that the inclusion of anticipation mechanisms into the operation of the speech recognition algorithm can improve the quality of the system. The paper presents the experiment carried out with the purpose to study the probability of increasing the quality of modern speech recognition systems provided that linguistic anticipation is embedded into such a system. The obtained results are discussed and possible directions for further work on this topic are considered.
Application of Information Technologies in New Forms of Teaching Processes
Authors: Lazić Slavojka , Talić Tijana
Published: December 2021

Educating young people is one of the most beautiful and humane vocations. The transfer of knowledge to young people and their introduction into the world of science requires a well-prepared and organized educator. The application of information technologies in education has become an everyday tool, so that its role in the educational process has come to the fore during the last two years. The Covid 19 pandemic brought new challenges to the education system in Republika Srpska. The best solutions for the teaching process were sought. At the beginning, the classes were conducted at a distance, last year in classrooms with classes shortened to 20 minutes, and this year the classes again last 45 minutes, with respect to protection measures. The paper will show how the students coped with all these changes and how much their knowledge of information technology helped them in all this. The research includes an analysis of data collected by a survey of high school students and refers to their attitudes towards the performance of the teaching process in the past few years.
On the environmental history of chemical munitions disposal at the bottom of the Baltic Sea: “Nord Stream” projects
Authors: Babintseva Ekaterina Alekseevna , Trifonova Elizaveta Dmitrievna
Published: December 2021

Bases on the example of Baltic Region, the question is raised on the conservation of water resources in the context of environmental history and international cooperation. Special attention is given to the threats and risks of anthropogenic interference in the zones of chemical weapons disposal at the bottom of the Baltic Sea. The key goal of this research lies in comprehensive assessment and approach towards the problem of negative human interference into the natural environment of the Baltic water area. The article considers the instances of the emergence of a direct threat of environmental disaster, as well as a range of factors that reflect the consequences of postwar historical events. Assessment is given to the actual risks of the emergence of high level of threat to hydrological resources and adjacent territories. The novelty of this article consists in examination of the danger caused by chemical munitions disposal in the Baltic Sea in the context of construction of the “Nord Stream” and “Nord Stream – 2” export gas pipelines. The conclusion is made on the high risk of depressurization of submerged ships with chemical disposal due to inadvertent operation in the water area and neglect of the regulated environmental norms and standards. The authors note politicization of the environmental assessment of activity of the curators of the “Nord Stream” project; indicate their scrupulous compliance with the international environmental standards and territorial planning of construction in hazardous zones. The authors consider the impossibility of elimination of the negative impact of distribution of harmful substances in the Baltic Sea; however, note the possibility of minimizing the risks and maintaining the stability of the inland sea in the conditions of further anthropogenic exploitation.
The problem of anti-psychologism in Hans Kelsen’s “Pure Theory of Law”
Authors: Savenkov Dmitry Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2021

This article examines the nature and specificity of the criticism of psychologism as a theoretical-methodological orientation towards studying law and its interpretation, which in particular was associated with such version of interpretation of law as the “Pure Theory of Law” of Hans Kelsen. More in-depth representations of modern legal theory in understanding the patterns of law and its essential aspects requires the due coverage of the history of psychological and anti-psychological approaches towards law that form of the major oppositions in the development of legal though at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries. Multiple aspects of H. Kelsen's legal views are yet to be examined, including the correlation of his doctrine with other doctrines, as well as the nature of substantiation of law and the analysis of legal phenomena. The scientific novelty of lies in the fact that based on the analysis of legal views of the Austrian jurist Hans Kelsen wirh his pronounced claim to exclude all “non-legal’ elements, it is revealed that a significant part of conceptual-logical apparatus of Kelsen’s teaching and the approaches towards substantiation of law were psychological in nature. Unlike the objective-idealistic positions of H. Kelsen, legal Neo-Kantianism was methodologically more accurate in elucidation of interrelation between the actual legal phenomenon and the role of gnoseological methods of perception and comprehension of law. The assessment of H. Kelsen’s doctrine as the theory of law is subject to criticism in this article, since in reality it is limited to the issues of legal methodology.
L’immaginazione sociospaziale di una città in crisi: la Baltimora di The Wire
Authors: Amato Fabio
Published: December 2021

Note about the american tv series
Tracce di geografia sociale: l’anomalia italiana
Authors: Cerreti Claudio
Published: December 2021

A series of clues suggests that the concerns that would have converged, over time, under the academic label of “social geography” were already well present, over a century ago, also in Italian geography, albeit often under other denominations. While the denomination of social geography was used in Italy, likewise very soon, but to indicate something quite different from what we can understand today. This contribution therefore intends to propose an attempt at clarification on the level of official definitions and above all, at the same time, to trace and contextualize the first organic proposals, in Italy, of what we today would define social geography.
Il quotidiano alla prova della geografia sociale: riflessioni liminari
Authors: Dumont Isabelle
Published: December 2021

Geography is certainly a discipline little loved by the public, even though the spatial dimension of societies is an element of fundamental importance in people’s life. This contribution aims to show how this spatial dimension is omnipresent in the daily life of people, societies and territories and tries to illustrate the specific approach of social geography in analyzing these phenomena. We will focus primarily on the manifestations of daily life that can be read with the gaze of social geography. We will then refer to the perspective of this discipline and we will go through its different levels of analysis, to finally arrive at outlining the most used methodologies and tools for conducting studies and research.
Rocco e i suoi fratelli. Sullo sfondo l’Italia in trasformazione
Authors: Eva Fabrizio
Published: December 2021

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Le percezioni spaziali dell’abitare: la città sradicata
Authors: Eva Fabrizio
Published: December 2021

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Una regia sociale: l’impegno di Ken Loach
Authors: Gamberoni Emanuela
Published: December 2021

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Geografia sociale dell’integrazione. Le voci dei migranti forzati nella Città metropolitana di Milano
Authors: Gambazza Giuseppe
Published: December 2021

The paper deals with the Italian system of second reception for asylum seekers and refugees, specifically focusing on the case of the Milan Metropolitan Area. Through a series of in-depth interviews with guests of the SAI Project (Sistema di Accoglienza e Integrazione), the research aims at assessing opportunities and obstacles encountered by forced migrants during their integration process. Particular attention is also paid to the socio-territorial characteristics of the municipalities examined, in order to outline some lines of development for the construction of an inclusive urban space.
“Vous n’éviterez pas la colère et les cris”: sguardi di Ladj Ly sui conflitti urbani e sociali di una banlieue parigina
Authors: Gregorio Mattia , Di Matteo Giovanna
Published: December 2021

«Vous n’éviterez pas la colère et les cris». Sguardi sui conflitti urbani e sociali di una banlieue parigina.
Geografia sociale e partecipazione. L’esperienza di #esserefiera
Authors: Picone Marco
Published: December 2021

Social geography cannot be confined to a theoretical dimension, however necessary: it is expected to play an active role, to encourage encounters with social actors and stakeholders, to take on a dimension of public engagement. Even in Italy this dimension is increasingly important, as universities are placing a growing value on their so-called third mission. Social geography must then address the fundamental issue of participation and its techniques. In doing so, those who graduate in geography will also be able to claim an essential role in the management of decision-making processes and participatory planning. This paper explores some methods and approaches that younger geographers can use to build the ‘toolbox’ of their future profession, looking at a case study from the city of Palermo.
Effects of multi-energy field electrodeposition on properties of Al2O3-Co composite films
Authors: Qi Yun-Kai , Yang Shu-Min , Li Xin , Xu Qin , Gu Jian-Jun ,   College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde 067000, China,   School of science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
Published: December 2021

The multi-energy composite field micro-electrodeposition processing technology is used to prepare colorful structural coloration magnetic Al2O3-Co composite films each with a gradual microstructure. Under the action of the deposition electric field and the deflection electric field perpendicular to it, the microstructure, optical properties and magnetic properties of the composite films show gradual characteristics along the direction of the deflection electric field. By establishing an equivalent model of the microstructure, the mechanism of the microstructure change of the composite film is theoretically analyzed. Through software simulation, the distribution of Co ion deposition current density along the direction of the deflection electric field is quantitatively analyzed. The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical and experimental results. Through this study, we find that the micro-electrodeposition processing technology with using multi-energy field composite can control the micro-domain structure of the composite film from a microscopic point of view, and achieve the fine control of the magnetic and optical properties of the film micro-domain.
Flowcytometry in Chronic B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Oncology Centre, Trivandrum, India
Authors: Simi CM , Nair Rekha A , Jacob Priya Mary , Jayasudha AV
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Chronic B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders (B- CLPD) are malignant neoplasms of B lymphocytes characterised by accumulation of mature B lymphocytes in the Bone Marrow (BM), peripheral blood, and lymphoid tissues. Multiparameter flowcytometry has become a powerful tool in diagnosing B-CLPD that identifies a clonal light-chain restricted population expressing B-cell markers. Aim: To study the morphologic and immunophenotypic profile of B-CLPD by flowcytometry and to determine the incidence of various subtypes. Materials and Methods: All consecutively diagnosed cases of chronic B lymphoproliferative disorders at Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, Kerala, India from 1st December 2016 to 30th November 2018 were retrospectively analysed and studied. Diagnosis of CLPD was made based on peripheral smear and BM aspiration and immunophenotyping by flowcytometry. Flowcytometry was performed using BD FACS Verse flowcytometer. The results of immunophenotyping by flowcytometry were reviewed and analysed. Results: During the study period, 231 cases were diagnosed as Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorder (CPLD), of which 209 cases were B-CLPDs. Male to female ratio (M:F) was 2:1. In the present study, incidence of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) was 138 cases (66.03%), Follicular Lymphoma (FL) was 14 cases (6.7%), Hairy Cell Leukaemia (HCL) was 11 cases 5.26% and Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) was 9 cases, (4.31%). Prolymphocytic leukaemia and splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma (MZL) constituted 4 cases (1.91%) each. Some cases of B-CLPDs had no definite diagnoses which were diagnosed as CD5 positive B-CLPD unclassified 13 cases (6.22%) and CD5 negative B-CLPD unclassified 16 cases (7.66%). Conclusion: Flowcytometry has helped in definite subtyping of B-CLPD in most cases. Most common subtype in the present study was CLL. CD5+/CD23+ is highly specific for diagnosing CLL. CD200 is revealed to be an excellent marker to distinguish CLL from MCL.
Enhanced Image Compression and Processing Scheme
Authors: Manga I. , Garba E. J. , Ahmadu A. S.
Published: December 2021

Image compression refers to the process of encoding image using fewer number of bits. The major aim of lossless image compression is to reduce the redundancy and irreverence of image data for better storage and transmission of data in the better form. The lossy compression scheme leads to high compression ratio while the image experiences lost in quality. However, there are many cases where the loss of image quality or information due to compression needs to be avoided, such as medical, artistic and scientific images. Efficient lossless compression become paramount, although the lossy compressed images are usually satisfactory in divers’ cases. This paper titled Enhanced Lossless Image Compression Scheme is aimed at providing an enhanced lossless image compression scheme based on Bose, Chaudhuri Hocquenghem- Lempel Ziv Welch (BCH-LZW) lossless image compression scheme using Gaussian filter for image enhancement and noise reduction. In this paper, an efficient and effective lossless image compression technique based on LZW- BCH lossless image compression to reduce redundancies in the image was presented and image enhancement using Gaussian filter algorithm was demonstrated. Secondary method of data collection was used to collect the data. Standard research images were used to validate the new scheme. To achieve these, an object approach using Java net beans was used to develop the compression scheme. From the findings, it was revealed that the average compression ratio of the enhanced lossless image compression scheme was 1.6489 and the average bit per pixel was 5.416667. Gaussian filter image enhancement was used for noise reduction and the image was enhanced eight times the original.
Diet, Physical Activity and Food Consumption Pattern of Adolescent Girls in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: G. O. Wordu, , C. A. Orisa,
Published: December 2021

The prevalence of overweight and obesity especially among adolescent girls has increased at an alarming rate in many parts of the world. This study was designed to assess the diet, physical activity and food consumption pattern of adolescent girls in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. A descriptive cross sectional survey carried out using a pre-tested self-administered structured questionnaire among 236 adolescent girls aged 10-16 years from randomly selected secondary schools in Port Harcourt. A self-administered questionnaire used to collect data on diet, physical activity and food consumption patterns of the respondents. The collected data analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 19.0). The frequency and descriptive analysis were included in the data analysis. The result revealed that a high percentage of girls (55.71%) skip their breakfast sometimes, consumed light meals (47.71%), had their meals thrice per day (61.43%) and eats occasionally from outside their homes (55.71%). The result also showed that rice (44.92%), yam (69.49%), sweet potatoes (47.88%), beans (33.90%), vegetables (47.88%), milk and milk products (36.86%) and energy dense beverages (38.14%) mostly consumed 1-2 times per week, while fish (51.27%), meat (51.27%), fruits (33.05%) and snacks (49.58%) were more consumed daily by the adolescent girls. The result also revealed that the girls were more active in dancing, walking for exercise and jogging/running. It was also found out that more than 60% or more of the adolescent girls were participating in some kind of regular physical activity on a weekly basis. The findings emphasize an urgent need for implementing an appropriate intervention for breakfast consumption, improving vegetable intake and daily milk consumption as this could assist in preventing the development of diseases associated with an inadequate intake of nutritious food.
A Review on Current Trends in Heavy Metal Removal from Water between 2000-2021
Authors: Uchechi Akomah, , Ify. L Nwaogazie, , Onyewuchi Akaranta,
Published: December 2021

Recent fiscal growth has necessitated diverse industrial processes to meet the growing demands around the world. Toxic chemicals such as micro-pollutants, personal care products, pesticides contaminate the effluents of these industries and find their way into the environment leaving dangerous levels of heavy metals in the aquatic ecosystem. These heavy metals such as arsenic, chromium, lead, mercury, cadmium and nickel bio-accumulate and are very harmful to humans. Several water treatment methods were reviewed from 111 published articles covering a period between 2000-2021 on the progress of Heavy Metal removal from waste water including the use of low cost agro based activated carbon and Bentonite clay as part of “green and sustainable chemistry”.
Fabrication and Characterization of Functional pH-Responsive Poly (S-Co-DEAMVA)-g-Tryptophan
Authors: Abdelaty Momen S. A.
Published: December 2021

Vanillin was used to synthesize cationic monomers from the amine group with a tertiary amine. It has both an amine and an aldehyde group. For that, it helps graft to form Schiff base with amino acid-like tryptophan. It is abbreviated by {2-[(diethylamino) methyl]-4-formyl-6-methoxyphenyl acrylate} DEAMVA and evaluated by, e.g., 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT IR results were compared with the chemical structure elevated good agreement. 10 and 25 mol % of vanillin monomer was copolymerized with (S). The copolymers of poly (S-co-DEAMVA) were investigated by 1H NMR, FTIR, GPC, and DSC. The grafting with tryptophan has also been modified and exposed to the same investigation methods; further, UV/Vis spectroscopy has designated the pH responsiveness. The study aims to improve the general characterization of polystyrene and produce functional pH-responsive polymer for graft biological molecules in the future.
Analysis on Adoption of Blackgram Growers in Periyar vaigai Command Area of Madurai District
Authors: Ramakrishnan K.
Published: December 2021

The IAM Project will bring the policy and institutional development achieved under IAMWARM project to a new level and will serve as the key vehicle for implementing the Tamil Nadu Government agenda in further enhancing water and agriculture productivity in a sub basin framework. Madurai District of Tamil Nadu was purposively selected for this study because Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agriculture Modernization Project was conducted under Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. The foremost objective of the study was to assess the adoption level of respondents in study area. Majority of the TN-IAMP beneficiaries (81.70% had medium level of adoption followed by nearly less than one-sixth of the total beneficiaries (15.80%) possess low adoption and only 2.5% of the beneficiaries had high level of adoption rate in this study.
Stability of Insulin on Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles as a Function of Surface Properties
Authors: Namazi Nader I.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research was to formulate insulin-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles and evaluate structural stability of the protein using fluorescence spectroscopy. The size and morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fluorescence emission data revealed that insulin is most stable with multilayer adsorption at pH close to its isoelectric point (IEP). The obtained particle size ranged from 130-140 nm+22 (SD). The loading amount of insulin onto the PCL nanoparticles was low at pH 7.4 and relatively high at pH 5.3. The adsorption phenomenon of protein onto hydrophobic nanoparticles provides a promising noninvasive carrier system for insulin.
Case Report – Accidental Epidural Catheter Breakage and Its Management
Authors: Taksande Karuna , S. Krishnendu , Bhalerao Nikhil , Jadhav Jui , Wanjari Dnyanashree , Shatalwar Aditi
Published: December 2021

Aim: Epidural anaesthesia which is preferred in most of the prolonged and painful procedures can be dreadful when the catheter breaks inside. In this case report we report accidental breakage of epidural catheter and its successful management.

Presentation of Case: 47 year old male patient was posted for arthroscopic Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) repair under spinal and epidural anesthesia. Epidural catheter got sheared while securing it. It was managed by surgical removal to avoid further complications.

Discussion: There are different causes for epidural catheter breakage including technical error and manufacture error. Catheter should be checked for any manufacturing defect or kinking. If there is resistant while inserting the catheter careful removal of catheter along with the needle should be performed to avoid breakage of catheter.

Conclusion: Epidural catheter breakage can be disastrous for any anaesthesiologist, so it is important to be vigilant while securing epidural catheter. If accidentally epidural catheter is retained it should be discussed with the patient and surgeons, and it is either removed since it is a foreign body or if left in situ. Serial follow-up for any neurological symptoms should be done.
Assessment Screening of Chest Pain in Primary Setting: A Review
Authors: Algaows Faisal Suliman , Albishi Saud Saad A , Alshahrani Abdulrahman Dayel A. , Alkhalaf Mohammad Rajab , Nezamadeen Heba Hesham , Alasmari Abdulaziz Saud , Alanazi Salman Fihat , Alhowaish Hussain Fayiz , Alharbi Nuha Abdulaziz , Aldosari Turki Abdullah N , Alsalem Sawsan Jawad , Murshed Asem Abdullah Ahmed , Aljohani Ibtihal masad , Alzakry Leena Mohammed
Published: December 2021

Chest pain can be caused by a variety of illnesses, ranging from benign and self-limiting to significant or life-threatening. Before a doctor examines more benign reasons, a workup must focus on ruling out significant pathology. The words "dull," "deep," "pressure," and "squeezing" are commonly used to describe visceral discomfort. Visceral pain generally has a diffuse distribution pattern, making it difficult for the patient to pinpoint a precise location. chest discomfort accounts for 1.5 percent of all consultations in primary care. The age group 45 to 64 years has the highest prevalence of chest pain consultations. Patients with suspected Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)  should be diagnosed and treated as soon as feasible. While most patients are sent to the hospital, an electrocardiogram (ECG) is the sole examination necessary in primary care. In this review we will be looking at chest pain incident in primary care, and also we’ll be making overview to the etiology and diagnosis of the disease.
Lawsone Co-Crystals Loaded Antifungal Gel for Cutaneous Candidiasis
Authors: Patole Vinita , Awari Devyani , Lokhande Priyanka , Sathe Rahul
Published: December 2021

Aim: An attempt was made to improve the solubility and to achieve better penetration of antifungal agent lawsone a poorly water-soluble naphthoquinone, derivative via co-crystallization to treat cutaneous candidiasis.

Methodology: The co-crystals of lawsone were prepared using benzoic acid as co former by solvent crystallization method. The formulated co-crystals were assessed for different parameters namely, saturation solubility, thermal properties, crystalline nature, particle size and its antifungal activity against Candida albicans.

Results: Lawsone co-crystals exhibited enhanced solubility of lawsone (9.57±2.5 mg/ml and 0.523±0.23 mg/ml respectively) and the particle size of the co-crystals were reduced to 560±2.2 nm as compared to pure lawsone (2478±1.5 nm) which further resulted in enhancement of antifungal activity. Lawsone co-crystals were loaded in the xanthan-gel base for easy applicability to the skin and to achieve patient compliance. The prepared gel was evaluated in terms of spreadability, adhesiveness, in vitro diffusion, viscosity, and antifungal activity. 

Conclusion: Lawsone co-crystals loaded gel showed enhanced retension of drug in the skin as compared to plain lawsone gel. The antifungal potential of lawsone co-crystals loaded gel was at par with marketed Clotrimazole gel formulation. The short-term stability study carried out as per ICH guideline indicated that the formulation was stable. Lawsone co-crystals loaded gel.
Theophylline Derivatives' In-vivo Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities
Authors: Alam Faruk , Amin Ruhul , Dey Biplab Kumar , Yakin Josef , Das Smriti Rekha Chanda , Islam Mohidul , Deka Himangshu , Borgohain Republica , Kemisetti Durgaprasad
Published: December 2021

The reaction of theophylline and chloro-acetyl chloride produced an exceptional series of substituted theophylline derivatives (3A-3D), followed by ammonium thiocyanate and substituted aromatic aldehyde, and these synthesized derivatives were screened to study their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. UV, IR, H-1 NMR, mass spectral data, and CHN activities were used to describe the compounds, which were shown to be considerably efficacious at 100 mg/kg p.o., as well as experimental results that were statistically significant at the p <0.01 and p <0.05 levels.
Preparation and Analysis of New 1,3,5-Trisubstituted-2-Pyrazolines Derivative for Their Analgesic Potential
Authors: Chaudhary Jitendra Kumar , Jain Alok Pal , Tiwari O. P.
Published: December 2021

The goal of the study was to develop, synthesise, and characterise a novel 1,3,5-trisubstituted-2-pyrazolines derivative, as well as to assess its analgesic potential. The reaction of chalcone derivatives with 4-hydrazinylbenzene sulfonamide hydrochloride and phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride yielded 1,3,5-tri-substituted-2-pyrazolines derivatives. The IR, 1HNMR, and mass spectrum analyses were used to characterise a total of sixteen substances. Analgesic activity of the proposed substances has been tested. The analgesic effect of the produced compounds was tested using two methods: the hot plate test technique and acetic acid induced writhing in mice. To compare the effectiveness, pentazocine and acetyl acetic acid were utilised as reference drugs. The hot plate test technique and acetic acid induced writhing in mice were used to assess the analgesic effect of the 16 produced chemical series A1-A8, and B1-B8. The evaluation's outcomes were viewed using Pentazocine and acetyl acetic acid as the standard drugs. In a 90-minute hot plate test, compounds A2 (10.30 s), A4 (9.45 s), A7 (11.65 s), and A8 (11.26 s) showed a delay in paw withdrawal latency time. Compounds B2 (9.10 s) and B7 (10.42 s) prolong the paw withdrawal latency time after 90 minutes in series B1-B8, reduce the pain feeling, and inhibit pain induced by heat methods. Compounds A2, A5, A6, A7, and A8 from Series A1-A8 showed 83.00, 76.01, 80.34, 86.99, 88.15 percent inhibition, substantially (p0.05 and p0.001, respectively), and decreased the number of wriths caused by 0.6 percent acetic acid at a dosage of 10 mg/kg. Acetylsalicylic acid (10 mg/kg) appears to be more successful in lowering the number of wriths, with a 99.0% reduction in the number of wriths (p0.001). B1, B3, and B4 have the least amount of active activity. These all finding suggest that these synthesized compounds have the potential as analgesic agent.
Review on Standardization of Ayurvedic Medicine
Authors: Pant Janmejay , Ripudhaman .
Published: December 2021

Standardization in Ayurvedic formulations ensures the establishment of standards for the quality and purity of raw materials, quality control during the drug manufacturing process, production of a good quality finished product, storage and distribution to maintain the quality of the final product. It is an essential tool for establishing quality control methods for Ayurvedic drugs. In Ayurveda, standardization has been well defined and documented in the classical and contemporary texts. Still, these have been written with an individualistic intent and not for industrial or commercial purposes.  Careful contemplation of the classical literature of Ayurveda was done, the current guidelines of WHO on standardization of herbal drugs, latest researches on the same via the internet were explored and examined in the purview of the newest standardization procedures.  In this article, an attempt has been made to bring to light the classical references related to standardization, the milestones in this on-going pursuit have been exhibited, with the use of the latest scientific methods being incorporated for a standardized Ayurvedic drug. It can be concluded from the review that standardization in Ayurveda is an on-going process where one needs to be strictly vigilant about the new scientific methods to study the fine chemical procedures and the intermediate compounds formed, but at the same time be aware of the classical. Ayurvedic methods concepts of the procedure. Asava-arista's medicinal characteristics of Ayurvedic classical dosage forms, liquid dosage forms based on self-generated alcohol with faster absorption, long shelf life, and increased market conformity have led to a continuous rise in demand. New fermentation methods and packaging innovations tend to have been embraced by many Ayurvedic processing units. The importance of standardization of such goods is underlined by these advances in manufacturing, distribution and storage. Therefore, it is of concern to examine the latest manufacturing situation and the standardization of the dosage type regarding the procedure and the consistency and effectiveness of the finished product. In addition to the effort to include criteria of consistency and standardization, the study consists of an overview and deliberates on the importance of improvements made to the conventional preparation processes, ingredients and material used in the process and the potential impact on its efficacy.
Frequency and Fetomaternal Outcome in COVID 19 Positive Pregnant Women
Authors: Younus Mehwish , Naz Urooj , Hira Aruna Kumari , Shahmir Sana , Naz Uroosa , Majeed Haris
Published: December 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency and outcome in pregnant women with COVID-19 infection.

Study Design: This is a observational cohort study.

Setting: Study carried out at Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Civil Hospital, Dow University of health sciences Karachi, from July 2020 to November 2021.

Materials & Methods:  The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Women having COVID-19 positive status during any stage of their pregnancy having antenatal visits in our hospital were included in our study. Maternal demographics, race, maternal outcome, and neonatal complications were noted on a self-made Performa. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 21 and descriptive statistics with frequencies were mainly calculated.

Results: During the defined time of 14 months, we had 143 women visiting antenatal outpatient department and were tested positive for COVID-19. Majority of the women were tested for COVID-19 due to symptoms like fever, flu, cough and diarrhea. The mean age of women in our study was found to be 30 ± 6.7 years. The most frequent maternal outcome with SARSCOV-2 was preterm delivery. Out of 143, 27 cases had emergency lower segment C-section.PCR testing of neonates was carried out and 8.39% (n=12) neonates tested positive for SARSCOV-2. 

Conclusion: Infection with Covid-19 during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Covid-19  infection can be transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy or childbirth. Neonatal has a high chance of being admitted to the ICU, and women also faces other complications of Covid 19, such as the risk of miscarriage and premature delivery.
Analysis of Antimicrobial Properties of Some Ethnomedicinal Plants
Authors: Vashistha Abha , Chaubey Soni
Published: December 2021

The world is suffering through large number of diseases which are primarily caused by the microbes, though it is bacteria, fungi, viruses or protozoans. The inappropriate, prolonged use of antibiotics and loss of biodiversity and climate change is leading to the invasion of microbes in the human population, because of which every individual on the earth is suffering from diseases caused by microorganisms. In current scenario it is the prerequisite to screen the effective, safe, cheap, and available therapeutics from plants and natural products. Plant parts of sixteen medicinal plant species such as Aegle marmelos, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica, Calotropis procera, Cassia fistula, Catharanths roseus, Coriandrum sativum, Curcuma longa, Emblica officinalis, Eucalyptus, Mentha piperita,   Nerium oleander, Ocimum sanctum, Withania somnifera and Zingiber officinale  with high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Gram-negative Escherichia coli and fungus Aspergillus niger were extracted with aqueous, ethanol and acetone and with the help of well diffusion method minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined.

Out of three solvent phases, ethanol extract showed the highest inhibition against the microbes, where as the efficacy of most of the aqueous and acetone plant extracts were also confirmed as antimicrobial agent and their use as therapeutic drugs for the treatment of various diseases.
Evaluation of Recovery Rate in COVID-19 Patients Treated with Steroidal Drugs
Authors: Rajesham V. V. , Rekha B. , Kothawar Gayathri , Lavanya N. , Pallavi B. , Rao T. Rama
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus belongs to the family coronaviridae that majorly affects the respiratory system this group of virus outbreak previously as SARS and MERS in various countries and recently as COVID-19. COVID-19 has symptoms like fever, dry cough, breathing problems, loss of smell and taste, body aches. COVID-19 has spread to 210 countries and infected 272.51 million people worldwide, reached over 5.34 million deaths. Treatment includes antivirals, antibiotics, Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, corticosteroids.

Methodology: It is a hospital-based retro-prospective study was conducted for 6 months in the Inpatient department. 100 patients were taken who met the inclusion criteria. Data collected and evaluated, analyzed by open label study.

Results and Discussion: severe COVID-19 can develop systemic inflammatory responses that can lead to lung injury and multisystem organ dysfunction. It has been proposed that the potent anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids might prevent or mitigate these deleterious effects. Both beneficial and deleterious clinical outcomes have been reported with the use of corticosteroids in patients with other pulmonary infections

From study, The Recovery% using steroids in the time period of 0-10 and 11-20 days was found to be 34 and 27% respectively. The Recovery percentage using steroids in the time period of 0-10 and 11-20 days was found to be 18 and 8% respectively. Dexamethasone was most commonly used in males and females, 77.08 and 84% respectively.

Conclusion: Considering beneficial effects of corticosteroids in COVID -19, prescribing steroids is safe by dose tapering continued up to 10days or hospital discharge
Assessment of Attitudes and Practices Related to Social Media Usage among Dental Practitioners in their Dental Practice in Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad City: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Dalvi Tanushri , Kalghatgi Shrivardhan , Metha Samruddhi , Karagir Amol , Sale Madhuri , Deshpande Dipali , Patil Chetan , Metha Swapnil
Published: December 2021

Background: In the last few decades, information and communication technology in social media has brought tremendous changes in the whole business, educational and political system; Dentistry is not an exception. The rise of social media has transformed how health professionals interact with their patients and deliver different types of health care services.

Aim: To assess the attitudes and practices related to social media usage among dental practitioners in Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad city.

Methods: A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted among all dental practitioners in Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad city, Maharashtra, India. The questionnaire consisted of first part with socio-demographic variables like age, gender, years of experience and area of expertise and second part to assess attitudes and practices towards social media usage.

Results: Among total of 138 dental practitioners, majority (68.1%) were belonging to age of 36-44 years followed by those above 45 years of age (17.4%). Around 49.3% dental practitioners were practicing dentistry since less than 5 years. Gender wise comparison showed no significant difference between attitudes and practices for social media usage. Although significant difference was found for question 3, 6 and 11 for P < 0.05.

Conclusion: There has been wide adoption of social media among dental practitioners and shows no significant difference with different genders for both attitudes and practices.
Biomatrix of health risk assessment of benzene-exposed workers at Thai gasoline stations
Authors: Chaiklieng Sunisa , Suggaravetsiri Pornnapa , Autrup Herman
Published: December 2021

Objective

This study assessed the health risk of benzene exposure among Thai gasoline station workers through biomarker detection and experience of adverse symptoms.

Methods

Trans, trans-muconic acid (tt-MA) metabolites of benzene were analyzed from spot urine sampled among gasoline station workers after shift work using HPLC-UV. Air benzene monitoring was done with an active sampler connected to a charcoal sorbent tube, and analyzed by GC-FID. The health risk was calculated by using the biomatrix of the likelihood of benzene exposure and the severity of adverse symptoms.

Results

The tt-MA concentration, among 235 workers, ranged from less than 10–2159 µg/g Cr, which corresponded to the air benzene concentration range of <0.1 to 65.8 ppb. In total, 32.3% of workers had a higher than acceptable risk level and there was a significant association between gasoline station work zones and the likelihood of benzene exposure as well as the health risk of workers. The health risk levels estimated from the biomarker monitoring were consistent with the risk matrix of air benzene monitoring.

Conclusion

This tt-MA biomarker monitoring and biomatrix of health risk assessment is suggested as useful for health surveillance of gasoline station workers exposed to benzene.
Copper Complexes as Anticancer Agents
Authors: De Franco Michele , Porchia Marina , Tisato Francesco , Marzano Cristina , Gandin Valentina
Published: December 2021

Following the great impetus provided by the discovery of the anticancer activity of cisplatin [
cis
‐diamminedichloridoplatinum(II)] in the 1960s, extensive search for alternative metal‐based drugs with improved pharmacological properties has been attempted. Actually, the outstanding efficacy showed by clinically approved Pt(II) compounds is counterbalanced by severe toxic effects on normal tissues, and by the early appearance of drug resistance phenomena. Among non‐Pt compounds, copper complexes are considered promising alternatives to platinum drugs as antitumor agents. In particular, the discovery of significant alterations in cancer cell copper metabolism and the different responses to copper between normal and tumor cells have paved the way for the development of copper‐based anticancer drugs. This article aims to summarize the extant literature on the most well‐studied classes of anticancer copper complexes, with special emphasis on research performed in the last 10 years, most relevant to the elucidation of the involved mechanisms of action and/or reporting on in vivo efficacy evaluations.