bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transmutation of long-lived fission products in an advanced nuclear energy system
Authors: Sun X. Y. , Luo W. , Lan H. Y. , Song Y. M. , Gao Q. Y. , Zhu Z. C. , Chen J. G. , Cai X. Z.
Published: February 2022

Disposal of long-lived fission products (LLFPs) produced in reactors has been paid a lot attention for sustainable and clean nuclear energy. Although a few transmutation means have been proposed to address this issue, there are still scientific and/or engineering challenges to achieve efficient transmutation of LLFPs. In this study, we propose a novel concept of advanced nuclear energy system (ANES) for transmuting LLFPs efficiently without isotopic separation. The ANES comprises intense photoneutron source (PNS) and subcritical reactor, which consist of lead–bismuth (Pb-Bi) layer, beryllium (Be) layer, and fuel, LLFPs and shield assemblies. The PNS is produced by bombarding radioactive cesium and iodine target with a laser-Compton scattering (LCS) γ-ray beam. We investigate the effect of the ANES system layout on transmutation efficiency by Monte Carlo simulations. It is found that a proper combination of the Pb-Bi layer and the Be layer can increase the utilization efficiency of the PNS by a factor of ~ 10, which helps to decrease by almost the same factor the LCS γ-beam intensity required for driving the ANES. Supposing that the ANES operates over 20 years at a normal thermal power of 500 MWt, five LLFPs including 99Tc, 129I, 107Pd, 137Cs and 79Se could be transmuted by more than 30%. Their effective half-lives thus decrease drastically from ~ 106 to less than 102 years. It is suggested that this successful implementation of the ANES paves the avenue towards practical transmutation of LLFPs without isotopic separation.
Perilla seed oil in combination with nobiletin-rich ponkan powder enhances cognitive function in healthy elderly Japanese individuals: a possible supplement for brain health in the elderly
Authors: Hashimoto Michio , Matsuzaki Kentaro , Maruyama Koji , Hossain Shahdat , Sumiyoshi Eri , Wakatsuki Harumi , Kato Setsushi , Ohno Miho , Tanabe Yoko , Kuroda Yoko , Yamaguchi Shuhei , Kajima Koji , Ohizumi Yasushi , Shido Osamu
Published: February 2022

Long-term intake of encapsulated perilla seed oil + immature ponkan powder enhances serum BDNF and antioxidant potential, and may improve age-related cognitive decline in healthy elderly Japanese by increasing red blood cell ω-3 fatty acid levels.
High-performance ReS2 photodetectors enhanced by a ferroelectric field and strain field
Authors: Tai Xiaochi , Chen Yan , Wu Shuaiqin , Jiao Hanxue , Cui Zhuangzhuang , Zhao Dongyang , Huang Xinning , Zhao Qianru , Wang Xudong , Lin Tie , Shen Hong , Meng Xiangjian , Wang Jianlu , Chu Junhao
Published: February 2022

The flexible ReS2/P(VDF-TrFE) hybrid photodetector could be enhanced by a ferroelectric field and strain field.
Correction: Catalytic and mechanistic studies of a highly active and E-selective Co(ii) PNNH pincer catalyst system for transfer-semihydrogenation of internal alkynes
Authors: Decker David , Wei Zhihong , Rabeah Jabor , Drexler Hans-Joachim , Brückner Angelika , Jiao Haijun , Beweries Torsten
Published: February 2022

Correction for ‘Catalytic and mechanistic studies of a highly active and E-selective Co(ii) PNNH pincer catalyst system for transfer-semihydrogenation of internal alkynes’ by David Decker et al., Inorg. Chem. Front., 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00998b.
Space–time receiver for spread spectrum communication systems with beam tracking
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Zhang Baosheng , Zhou Feng
Published: February 2022

A method based on beam tracking in an underwater acoustic (UWA) time‐varying channel was proposed to improve the performance of UWA spread spectrum communication systems using arrays. In the ocean, the acoustic signal reaches the receiver through various paths, and the signal on each path has its own propagation delay and incidence angle. To effectively use the time and space characteristics of the received signal in a typical time‐varying or all types of UWA channels of mobile communication scenarios, the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm constantly updates the beam orientation. In addition, the receiving signal beamforming and maximum ratio combination can solve the severe inter‐symbol interference in a sea channel and significantly improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the received signal; the UWA spread spectrum communication system is more reliable. Through computer simulation and an actual pool experiment, a space–time receiver for an UWA spread spectrum communication system with beam tracking was successfully implemented.
Spatially resolved star-formation relations of dense molecular gas in NGC 1068
Authors: Sánchez-García M. , García-Burillo S. , Pereira-Santaella M. , Colina L. , Usero A. , Querejeta M. , Alonso-Herrero A. , Fuente A.
Published: February 2022

Context. According to the current understanding of star formation (SF), the regulation of this phenomenon in galaxy disks reflects a complex balance between processes that operate in molecular gas on local cloud scales as well as on global disk scales.

Aims. We analyse the influence of the dynamical environment on the SF relations of the dense molecular gas in the starburst (SB) ring of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068.

Methods. We used ALMA to image the emission of the 1–0 transitions of HCN and HCO+, which trace dense molecular gas in the r ∼ 1.3 kpc SB ring of NGC 1068, with a resolution of 56 pc. We also used ancillary data of CO(1–0) as well as CO(3–2) and its underlying continuum emission at the resolutions of ∼100 pc and ∼40 pc, respectively. These observations allow us to probe a wide range of molecular gas densities (nH2 ∼ 103 − 5 cm−3). The star-formation rate (SFR) in the SB ring of NGC 1068 is derived from Paα line emission imaged by HST/NICMOS. We analyse how different formulations of SF relations change depending on the adopted aperture sizes and on the choice of molecular gas tracer.

Results. The scatter in the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation, linking the SFR density (ΣSFR) with the (dense) molecular gas surface density (Σdense), is about a factor of two to three lower for the HCN and HCO+ lines compared to that derived from CO(1–0) for a common aperture. Correlations lose statistical significance below a critical spatial scale of ≈300−400 pc for all gas tracers. The SF efficiency of the dense molecular gas, defined as SFEdense ≡ ΣSFR/Σdense, shows a scattered distribution as a function of the HCN luminosity (L′(HCN)) around a mean value of ≃0.01 Myr−1. An alternative prescription for SF relations, which includes the dependence of SFEdense on the combination of Σdense and the velocity dispersion (σ), resolves the degeneracy associated with the SFEdense − L′(HCN) plot. The SFEdense values show a positive trend with the boundedness of the gas, measured by the parameter b ≡ Σdense/σ2. We identify two branches in the SFEdense − b plot that correspond to two dynamical environments within the SB ring; they are defined by their proximity to the region where the spiral structure is connected to the stellar bar. This region corresponds to the crossing of two overlapping density wave resonances, where an increased rate of cloud-cloud collisions would favour an enhanced compression of molecular gas.

Conclusions. These results suggest that galactic dynamics plays a major role in the efficiency of the conversion of gas into stars. Our work adds supporting evidence that density-threshold SF models, which argue that the SFEdense should be roughly constant, fail to account for spatially resolved SF relations of dense gas in the SB ring of NGC 1068.
Some procedural aspects of the introduction of predictive justice in the civil procedure
Authors: Branovitskiy Konstantin L. , Yarkov Vladimir V.
Published: February 2022

Today the digitalization of justice is one of the defining development trends in most world legal order. The possibilities of filing lawsuits and petitions in electronic form, electronic mailboxes of lawyers, videoconferencing and online meetings have already firmly become the attributes of modern civil proceedings. This paper is devoted to further prospects for the digitalization of justice, namely, the analysis of the possibilities for the development and use of predictive justice. The paper presents the approach stating that this direction is one of the most suitable for the development of the civil process. Particular emphasis is placed on digitalization and pandemics as factors stimulating the development of predictive justice. It is emphasized that the scientific literature mainly discusses the ethical and philosophical aspects of using the possibilities of predictive justice in judicial proceedings. The authors justify the limits of the use of predictive justice based on the current concept of judicial power.
Social value of Russian criminal procedure law in modern conditions: compensatory approach
Authors: Kurbatova Svetlana
Published: February 2022

The paper addresses some aspects of the compensatory approach in criminal proceedings in the context of the social value of law, which is critical in ensuring the rights and interests of participants with disabilities in criminal proceedings. The legal mechanisms established in criminal proceedings should aim at ensuring equal conditions for all participants in criminal proceedings in terms of access to legal and fair justice. The author believes that there is a need to draw attention to the legal status of participants with disabilities in criminal proceedings. It is necessary to recognize socially vulnerable categories of persons (persons with disabilities) as the participants with special legal status in criminal proceedings. A compensatory approach should also be adopted in the implementation of the legal regulation of the participation of such persons in criminal proceedings. It is necessary to “reach”, “raise” the possibility of exercising their procedural rights to the level of other participants. The procedural mechanism should contain a list of general and special rights and obligations of these persons, as well as guarantees for their implementation. This approach is compensatory and reflects the social value of law in criminal proceedings. The author considers the consolidation of the compensatory approach as the realization of the idea of a social state and international socially significant values to ensure equal and fair criminal proceedings.
Analysis of the Russian youth slang by native Chinese
Authors: Wei Zhang
Published: February 2022

With the development of technology and information, language has changed as well. It is no longer important to follow the literary norm. It is important to be able to communicate effectively and to remove communication barriers. Russian students studying in China or Chinese students studying in Russia use slang or fancy words in the intercultural conununication. Russian youth slang as a specific linguistic phenomenon has attracted an increasing number of researchers. Among them are scientists, undergraduates and graduate students, as well as teachers of the Russian language. People are interested in this linguistic phenomenon because of its specificity and linguistic fashion for slang lexical units. When analyzing a foreign language (e.g., Russian), native speakers of Chinese use the same or similar linguistic phenomena for a comparative analysis. This article aims to compare lexical units of modern Russian youth slang with Chinese ones. The article concludes that language fashion exists in both language systems.
Phonetic features of Chinese in teaching students at the Institute of languages and culture of the peoples of North-Eastern of the Russian Federation
Authors: Prokopeva Amalia , Zakharova Galina
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the article is to develop students’ personal qualities, as well as the formation of universal, general professional and professional competencies in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education in the direction of 44.03.05 Teacher Education (two training profiles). Native language (Yakut) and the literature and the foreign language (Chinese) training. The task is to provide the highly qualified teachers with a high level of professional and social competence, proficient in the specifics of intercultural communication and foreign languages, in particular Chinese, through innovative technologies, methods, and creative practices.
Recognition of Linguistic Characteristics of Bilingual Students when Teaching Japanese at North-Eastern Federal University
Authors: Efimova Sardana
Published: February 2022

The article justifies the need to take into account the linguistic characteristics of bilingual students from among the indigenous inhabitants of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) when teaching the Japanese language at the North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov. The purpose of this study is to analyze the linguistic phenomena of the Japanese and Yakut languages for the effective development of foreign language communicative competence of students. The author of the study revealed a contradiction at the methodological level between the need to train specialists with knowledge of the Japanese language from among the indigenous peoples of Yakutia and the lack of a methodology that takes into account the linguistic characteristics of bilingual students. The research methods were theoretical and empirical methods. Due to the fact that the key feature of teaching foreign languages in the Republic is bilingualism of students, the author of the article analyzed scientific literature on the topic of bilingualism, justified the need to take into account bilingualism of students when teaching Japanese in the national Republic. Difficulties arising in the study of the Japanese language are considered. As a result of the study, the grammatical, lexical and phonetic phenomena of the Japanese language, which have similarities in the Yakut language, have been identified, it is proposed to explain these phenomena in the process of teaching the Japanese language based on the Yakut language.
Development of journalism genres in the literature of the peoples of the north of Yakutia
Authors: Okorokova Varvara , Permyakova Tuyara
Published: February 2022

The paper considers the problem of the development of journalism genres in the literature of the peoples of the North of Yakutia. The writers of the North, becoming fighters for the preservation of the original way of life and economy of the northerners, national culture and the native language, often bring the problems of modern life to the public debate. The first author of journalism was the founder of Yukagir literature N.I. Spridonov-Teki Odulok (1906-1938), who in many ways laid down its basic principles. His traditions were cought up by S. Kurilov, G. Kurilov, N. Kurilov, A. Krivoshapkin. All of them, developing journalism genres – a sketch, an essay, an article, put such global problems of mankind as ethnic disaster, ecology and disappearance of the native language, culture. The pain for the fate of the people becomes the leitmotif of all their writings. Journalistic pathos becomes an integral part of their fiction works. In general, their works are characterized by stark realism, when writers boldly tell the truth about reality and have their own civic position. By setting the national problems of the northerners, their journalism received a universal sound. According to the statesman of our time and the people’s writer of the republic A.V. Krivoshapkin, many problems of the North and the Arctic can be combined by the efforts of all peoples of the countries and the world.
Digital ruble in Russian civil circulation: challenges and perspectives
Authors: Stepanchenko Andrey V.
Published: February 2022

Recently, Russia, as well as the whole world, has undergone changes in the payment market, along with cash funds, cashless methods of paying for goods and services, payments and transfers. Despite this, the demand of market participants for increasing the speed, convenience and security of cashless payments and transfers, as well as a decrease in bank commissions, is constantly growing. In order to facilitate the digitalization of the financial market, the Bank of Russia is already implementing such infrastructure projects as the Fast Payment System, the Unified Biometric System, the Digital Profile, the Know Your Client platform and is actively exploring the possibility of introducing a digital national currency. In 2019, the Bank of Russia prepared the first report – a study on the prospects for digital currencies of central banks, and in 2020 it published a report for public consultations “Digital Ruble”. Taking into account the results of public discussion of this document, in April 2021 the Bank of Russia presented the Concept of the Digital Ruble, in which it presented the features of the implementation of the target model of the digital ruble. The paper is devoted to the analysis of the Concept of the Digital Ruble proposed by the Bank of Russia, its main advantages and disadvantages.
Legal support of information security of the individual in the conditions of digital transformation of society
Authors: Kozyreva Anna , Rustikova Galina , Pirozhkova Tatiana , Shelmenkov Valentin , Belyavskiy Alexey
Published: February 2022

The article considers a comprehensive legal approach to ensuring the information security of the individual in the context of the digital transformation of public relations affecting the spheres of education, obtaining public services, including in the administration of justice, as well as the digitalization of the legal profession. The process of creating the Concept of ensuring the rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the digital space of the Russian Federation, as well as the need for the objective use of personal data in the identification of a person in the information and communication environment, is investigated. An actual international problem is to ensure the information security of the individual in the implementation of rights and freedoms that allow using information and communication technologies to communicate, to obtain relevant and reliable information that affects almost all aspects of life. The experience of various countries, such as China, England, France, in determining approaches to the legal support of information security of the individual, is considered.
Symbolic of black in the Yakut and Japanese poetry (through the example of poems by Ivan Gogolev and Takamurа Kotaro)
Authors: Rufova Elena , Makarova Sardana
Published: February 2022

This paper is devoted to the issue of color symbolism in poetic text. The relevance of this study is in the fact that the specificity of the linguistic worldview of the people speaking this language is revealed through color epithets in a literary text. The purpose of the study is to identify the symbolism of black color in the poems of Ivan Gogolev and Takamura Kotaro, which will reveal the features of the traditional color symbols of the Yakuts and Japanese. The authors use a systemic, holistic, functional approaches in the study of a work of art, historical-literary and comparative-comparative research methods. The scientific novelty of the research is in the fact that the poetry of Ivan Gogolev and Takamura Kotaro was first considered in terms of the identification of the specific characteristics of color symbolism in works of art. As a result, the authors state that the black color in the culture of Sakha and the Japanese traditionally carries different semantic meanings, denoting practically opposite meanings: "хара" (black) – "lower", "difficult", "bad / evil"; "Kuroi" (black) – "solemn", "wise". With all the differences, it can be noted that in these cultural traditions, a subtle perception of color symbolism is preserved, which is often expressed in numerous shades and half shades. Moreover, the main lexical expression of the color epithet "black" is expressed by a single adjective in both Yakut and Japanese.
Optimality account of the decomposition of fricatives
Authors: Ahn Sang Cheol , Egorova Kyunney
Published: February 2022

This paper analyzes various cases of consonantal decomposition in interlanguage mapping within the framework of Optimality Theory. During the analyses, we argue that the preservation of the (major) place property takes the most crucial role in the segmental decomposition in interlanguage mapping. As for the Japanese adaptation of /f/ which is adapted as  (orthographically at least) lacking labiality, we posit this Japanese fricative as /ɸ/ [1] preserving the labiality and show the inviolability of the constraint Max-Place. Then we compare the indirect adaptation of the English /f/, i.e., via Anglo-Japanese /ɸ/, with the direct loan adaptation in Korean. In the indirect (old) adaptation, the labial fricative /ɸ/ is decomposed as the fricative /h/ and the labial vowel /u/ (or /w/) (e.g., /ɸɯri:/フリ → /huri/ ‘free’ 후리), while the direct (new) loan pattern shows the /f/ → /ph/ mapping (e.g., /phɨri/ ‘free’ 프리). Here we observe not only the inviolability of Max-Place but also the demotion of Ident[cont] at the level of direct loan adaptation. We thus claim that our current analysis supports the Stratal OT [2], regarding the levels of adaptation. As for the inviolability of Max-Place, we also discuss how the Russian /f/ is decomposed in the loan adaptation in Yakut (e.g., Fjodor → /syøder/ ‘male name’)
Columbine Subculture as a Threat to Information Security
Authors: Nikishin Vladimir , Galyashina Elena
Published: February 2022

This study is based on the analysis of law enforcement practice, monitoring of social networks, analysis of media materials and theoretical works of Russian and foreign scholars on the topic of school shooting. The paper presents characteristics of the columbine subculture at the present stage of its development in the Russian-speaking segment of the Internet. The authors describe the main provisions that form the basis of the ideology of school shooting, substantiates that this ideology has an expressed political essence and has signs of a terrorist ideology. The authors analyse the relationship between the propaganda of school shooting and the propaganda of other destructive subcultures (right-wing and leftist-anarchism, incels, AUE (an extremist organization banned in the Russian Federation), etc.). They come to the conclusion that the columbine subculture in the Russian-speaking segment of the Internet, on the one hand, intersects, merges with other (sometimes diametrically opposed) destructive movements that promote hatred, enmity and (or) violence, and, on the other hand, opposes itself to other destructive ideologies.
Reflection of cross-cultural conflicts in perception of the Yakut literary works by the foreign students
Authors: Starostin Gavril , Archakhova Natalya , Daineko Maria , Slobodchikova Maya
Published: February 2022

The article focuses on the perception of Yakut literary texts by students – representatives of different nations and countries. The authors have chosen three classical works of famous Yakut writers as subjects of the research - V.S. Yakovlev-Dalan “Glukhoi Viluy / Tulaaiakh ogho” (‘The Remote Viluy River”), a drama of A.I. Sofronov-Alampa «Taptal» («Любовь»)”Love” and a story of N.G. Zolotarev (Nikolay Yakutskiy) «Kemusteekh yuryuie» («Золотой ручей») ”Golden Stream”. It is stated that acquaintance with other cultures through literary works can be one of the most effective ways of intercultural communication as it helps better understanding of cultural diversities. Such cultural conflicts as murder (killing a kin), women’s rights and the loss of historical lands of the local people with the coming of the representatives of other cultures are described and analyzed. The research predictably revealed the differences in the perception of the respondents as their answers have been discussable and variable, especially among the representatives of the eastern and the western worlds though their attitude in common are the same for all human beings. Those concepts which were culturally arguable provoked serious thought process. As a result of the research it can be stated that cross-cultural conflicts can have not only a destructive function but also a constructive one as well.
Impact of valuation concepts (categories) in modern conditions on the recovery of “digital losses”
Authors: Degtyarev Sergey Leonidovich , Boyarskiy Daniil Alekseevich
Published: February 2022

The paper addresses some issues related to the application of evaluation categories of civil law in the consideration of disputes over the compensation for damages in the context of the “digitalization” of law. It is proposed to understand the “digital losses” as losses caused in the digital sphere, or related to violations of digital rights, which would otherwise be understood by the legislator and researchers, since this does not have any effect on the essence of the institution of compensation for damages. Anticipating criticism from legal theorists, we distinguish between the terms “concept” and “category”, but due to the fact that in literature and judicial practice the “evaluation concept” and “evaluation category” are used more often as synonyms, we are forced to turn to this particular option.
Development of English speaking skills in bilingual students by teaching in cooperation
Authors: Grigorieva Lena , Alekseeva Natalia , Protopopova Tatiana
Published: February 2022

This article examines the development of oral English-speaking speech in bilingual students and teaching conditions. Conditions in the labor market require changes in the education system. Employers expect graduates to have skills such as teamwork, stress tolerance, sociability, multitasking, and empathy. There are strict requirements for professional training, including fluency in English. It is necessary to develop basic skills of English speaking and focus on spoken language, while attracting interactive teaching methods in cooperation. This becomes a daunting task for English teachers, given that the majority of students are bilingual. For the development of English-speaking oral speech among bilingual students, such interactive pedagogical technologies as: collaborative learning, case methods, project method, role-playing and business games, debates were applied and tested, and ways of their effective use in the conditions of the university were substantiated. As it can be noted, students develop oral speech in English, as well as business skills of joint cooperation.
American regional science school contribution to South Korean regional development management system
Authors: Kuznetsova Olga , Lebedintseva Liubov , Kremnyov Evgeny , Korobko Violetta
Published: February 2022

The authors of this article, using the approach of transdisciplinary regionology, consider how the formation of regional studies in the Republic of Korea took place. According to the authors, this process was significantly influenced by the United States, a country that is the ancestor of regional science. The article lists several factors that influenced the fact that the regional studies in Korea began to be carried out exactly according to the American model. There are examples of original American concepts that are actively used by Korean scientists at present. In addition, the authors attempt to highlight the distinctive features of the South Korean approach to regional studies.
Women’s rights in Africa – Progress. Problems! Prospects?
Authors: Sonia Wangrawa Sadia Rita
Published: February 2022

This article examines the problem of protecting women's rights in Africa. The foundations and traditions of African society create a lot of obstacles to the socialization of women in a modern society. Many women are deprived of the most essential things - a decent education, access to all necessary health services, good treatment and social status, the ability to independently manage their lives, and participate in government. African states have adopted a number of acts that enshrine fundamental rights and freedoms for women at the legislative level, but their implementation in practice faces a strong tradition and a lack of resources. The situation was further complicated by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, disrupting economic and social ties in African society. The article provides recommendations for overcoming these obstacles and creating prerequisites for establishing gender equality in the region.
Korean corporate culture and its transformation in the era of pandemic
Authors: Kolodina Evgeniia , Pashkova Irina , Tsydenova Darima
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the concept of corporate culture and methods of its formation in the Republic of Korea. This country has been the object of growing international interest among scholars and practitioners due to its remarkable economic achievement in the last few decades.The traditional business culture of Korea is analyzed in terms of its transformation due to rapidly changing socio-economic conditions. The paper looks into the current situation affected by COVID-19 crisis. This research has been carried out within the grant agreement “Establishment of the Center for Korean Studies at Irkutsk State University” with the support of the Korea International Exchange Foundation (KF-2021).
Sociocultural peculiarities of manipulation of public consciousness in the USA and Russia
Authors: Chaykisova Anna Valerievna , Kuznetsova Olga Vladimirovna
Published: February 2022

The article offers a comparative analysis of myths disseminated in American and Russian public discourse. The authors argue that the way myths are used as a tool of manipulating public consciousness depends on a number of social and cultural peculiarities of Russia and the USA. We demonstrate that manipulation through myths is based on universal cognitive mechanisms; therefore, both countries may use similar myths to achieve particular goals in governmental interests. On the other hand, effective manipulation becomes possible when ideas rendered by myths are understandable and appealing to a particular nation or group of people at a particular moment. Given that, political leaders of both countries manage to shape the way people understand themselves and their country in relation to the world. It helps them to maintain their interests in domestic and foreign policy.
Region as a transdisciplinary regionology object in the context of social management processes
Authors: Kremnyov Evgeny , Kuznetsova Olga , Karachyova Nadezhda , Lesnikovskaya Ekaterina
Published: February 2022

The authors consider the evolution of approaches to the region based on their relevance in the processes of social management. The article describes culturally, historically, politically and economically oriented approaches, reveals their specifics, as well as the criticism of each of them from the standpoint of modern science. The experience of Russia, the USA, China, Japan, and other countries demonstrates the application of these approaches. The problem is consistent with the concept of transdisciplinary regionology, reflecting the latest trends in understanding the region as a complex object of social management, requiring the use of methods and tools of various sciences to provide new strategies for regional development and coordination of social processes in the region. In conclusion, the authors formulate the object and subject of transdisciplinary regionology, taking into account the evolution of approaches and modern scientific and social trends in understanding the region.
Therapeutischer Einsatz von Cannabis bei Störungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis
Authors: Kuhn Jens , Leopold Karolina , Janetzky Wolfgang , Wietfeld Rita
Published: February 2022

Hintergrund Bei Patienten mit Störungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis ist der Konsum von Cannabis und anderen psychoaktiven Substanzen weit verbreitet. Es besteht eine wissenschaftliche Evidenz, dass der hochdosierte und regelmäßige Freizeitkonsum von Cannabis mit nachteiligen Langzeitfolgen assoziiert ist. Und dennoch könnte die physiologische Bedeutung des Endocannabinoidsystems (ECS) den Einsatz von Cannabispräparaten – womöglich mit einem hohen Gehalt an Cannabidiol (CBD) – zur Therapie neuropsychiatrischer Erkrankungen als nützlich erscheinen lassen.

Ziel Darstellung der Grundlagen für die Wirksamkeit von medizinischem Cannabis bei neuropsychiatrischen Erkrankungen – insbesondere Störungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis – und kritische Nutzen-Risiko-Bewertung.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion Die beiden wichtigsten neuroaktiven Bestandteile von Cannabis sind CBD und Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). THC scheint psychose- und angstfördernd zu wirken und die Kognition zu beeinträchtigen. Basierend auf einer Recherche aktueller Literatur ist anzunehmen, dass CBD im Gegensatz zu THC nicht euphorisierend, sondern antikonvulsiv, analgetisch, angstlösend und antipsychotisch wirken könnte und möglicherweise die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit verbessern kann. Somit wäre CBD ein natürlicher Antagonist von THC. Während es eine hinreichende Evidenz gibt, dass der Freizeitkonsum von meist THC-lastigem Cannabis die psychische Gesundheit nachteilig beeinflusst und Psychosen fördert, gibt es Studien, die darauf hindeuten, dass CBD protektiv sein könnte. Allerdings mangelt es an hochwertigen kontrollierten klinischen Studien mit größeren Patientenzahlen und guter Methodik, um eine ausreichende Evidenz für den Einsatz von Cannabidiol in der klinischen Praxis zu begründen.
Chronisch krank in der Schule – schulische
Fähigkeiten von Kindern mit speziellem Versorgungsbedarf. Ergebnisse der
Kindergesundheitsstudie ikidS
Authors: Schlecht Jennifer , König Jochem , Urschitz Michael S.
Published: February 2022

Hintergrund Die Zusammenhänge zwischen kindlichem Gesundheitsstatus
und weiterem Bildungsweg sind unklar. Wir beschreiben die Assoziation zwischen
einer chronischen Erkrankung (CE) und schulischen Fähigkeiten am Ende
der ersten Klasse.

PatientenIm Rahmen der Kindergesundheitsstudie ikidS
wurden insgesamt 2003 Schulanfänger der Region Mainz-Bingen rekrutiert.

Methode In einer prospektiven Kohortenstudie wurden Kinder mit CE
mittels Elternfragebögen über ihren speziellen medizinischen
Versorgungsbedarf aufgrund einer CE identifiziert. Am Ende der ersten Klasse
schätzten Lehrkräfte die schulischen Fähigkeiten auf
einer 5-stufigen Skala von − 2 bis+2 in 5 Bereichen ein:
Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften, Sprache, Schriftsprache und soziale
Fähigkeiten. Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem speziellen Versorgungsbedarf
und den schulischen Fähigkeiten erfolgte jeweils mit linearen gemischten
Regressionsmodellen unter Berücksichtigung potentieller Confounder.

Ergebnisse In die Analysen wurden 1463 Kinder (51%
männlich) eingeschlossen. 15% der Kinder hatten einen speziellen
Versorgungsbedarf. Diese Kinder zeigten in den Bereichen Mathematik (adjustierte
Mittelwertsdifferenz: − 0,40; 95%
KI[− 0,57; − 0,23]) und Schriftsprache
(− 0,22; 95% KI[− 0,39;
− 0,05]) niedrigere schulische Fähigkeiten als Kinder
ohne Versorgungsbedarf. DiskussionWir haben erstmals für
Deutschland Hinweise darauf gefunden, in welchen schulischen Fähigkeiten
Kinder mit speziellem Versorgungsbedarf bereits früh in der
Bildungslaufbahn Defizite aufweisen könnten. Dies könnte sich
langfristig auf Bildungsabschlüsse und den späteren
sozioökonomischen Status auswirken.

Schlussfolgerung Die
vorliegenden Ergebnisse hinterfragen die Inanspruchnahme und/oder
Wirksamkeit bestehender Versorgungs- und Fördermaßnahmen
für Kinder mit CE.
Die Migränepersönlichkeit
Authors: Stefan Evers , Gendolla Astrid , Haag Gunther , Jürgens Tim P. , Kropp Peter , Reuter Uwe
Published: February 2022

Die Suche nach einer Migränepersönlichkeit ist in der Medizingeschichte nicht neu. Es gab verschiedene Ansätze, alle Menschen mit Migräne einem bestimmten Persönlichkeitstypus zuzuordnen. Dies ist aus heutiger Sicht gescheitert, obwohl es Verhaltensmerkmale und kognitive Besonderheiten gibt, die bei der Mehrzahl der Menschen mit Migräne auftreten. Dazu gehören ein unspezifisch erhöhter Neurotizismus-Score (am ehesten durch die Schmerzen bedingt) und eine mangelnde Habituation auf kognitive Reize zwischen den Migräneattacken. Ein weiterer Aspekt der „Migränepersönlichkeit“ ist die Komorbidität mit einigen psychiatrischen Erkrankungen wie Depression und Angsterkrankungen. Hierbei handelt es sich möglicherweise um gemeinsame pathophysiologische Grundlagen, die aber nicht in ein konsistentes psychiatrisches Krankheitsprofil bei Menschen mit Migräne münden. Weiterhin muss bei den Auswirkungen der Migräne auf die Betroffenen auch die deutlich beeinträchtigte Lebensqualität berücksichtigt werden, die inzwischen mit krankheitsspezifischen Instrumenten erfasst wird. Abschließend gibt dieser Artikel auch Hinweise, wie die o. g. spezifischen Aspekte der Migränepatienten im ärztlichen Gespräch berücksichtigt werden können.
Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede beim Takotsubo Syndrom
Authors: Schneider Birke , Stöllberger Claudia
Published: February 2022

Das Takotsubo Syndrom (TTS) ist gekennzeichnet durch akut auftretende transiente
Wandbewegungsstörungen des linken Ventrikels, denen angiografisch keine signifikanten
Koronarstenosen zugrunde liegen. Die Erkrankung tritt überwiegend bei älteren Frauen in
der Menopause auf, prinzipiell können jedoch Patienten jeden Alters und beiderlei
Geschlechts betroffen sein. Insgesamt wird bei etwa 2% aller Patienten mit dem Verdacht
auf ein akutes Koronarsyndrom (ACS) die Diagnose eines TTS gestellt; bei Frauen mit
ACS-Verdacht liegt die Inzidenz mit 6–9% deutlich höher. Als Triggerfaktor für ein TTS
findet sich bei Frauen häufiger emotionaler Stress und bei Männern physischer Stress. Im
Akutstadium der Erkrankung können schwerwiegende Komplikationen auftreten, die
Krankenhausmortalität ist vergleichbar mit der beim akuten Myokardinfarkt und bei Männern
infolge von Begleiterkrankungen höher als bei Frauen mit einem TTS. Aktuell existiert
keine evidenzbasierte Therapie. Um die Prognose des TTS im Akutstadium verbessern und
Rezidive verhindern zu können, sind prospektive randomisierte Studien erforderlich.
Salivary Cortisol and Sustained Auditory Attention in Children with and without Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Fernandes Viviane Mendes , Mondelli Maria Fernanda Capoani Garcia , José Maria Renata , Gomide Márcia Ribeiro , Lauris José Roberto Pereira , Feniman Mariza Ribeiro
Published: February 2022

Introduction Cortisol is a hormone involved in the response to stress. Attention is a function that can change due to exposure to stress.

Objectives To verify the correlation between the level of salivary cortisol and sustained auditory attention in children with cleft lip and palate, as well as to compare the results of the variables analyzed between female and male patients.

Methods In total, 103 children aged 6 to 11 years, were divided into 2 groups: those with cleft lip and palate (experimental group, EG; n = 69) and the control group (CG; n = 34). The Sustained Auditory Attention Ability Test (SAAAT) and salivary cortisol levels, measured by an enzyme immunoassay kit (Salimetrics, Stage College, PA, US), were calculated and compared regarding the two groups. The statistical tests used were the Mann-Whitney test and the Spearman correlation.

Results The median level of salivary cortisol was of 0.03615 µl/dL and 0.18000 µl/dL respectively for the EG and CG, with a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.000). Absence of statistical significance (total error score = 0.656; vigilance decrement = 0.051) was observed the for SAAAT among the EG (median total error score = 12.00; 25th percentile [25%] = 7.00; 75th percentile [75%] = 21.00; and vigilance decrement = 1.00; 25% = 0.00; 75% = 2.50) and the CG (median total error score = 12.00; 25% = 6.00; 75% = 24.00; and vigilance decrement = 0.00; 25% = -1.00; 75% = 2.00).

Conclusion All children had median levels of salivary cortisol and scores for sustained auditory attention within normal parameters. A significant correlation between the level of salivary cortisol and the ability to sustain auditory attention was observed in children without cleft lip and palate. There were no differences regarding the SAAAT and salivary cortisol between female and male patients.
Meditative and Mindfulness-Focused Interventions in Neurology: Principles, Science, and Patient Selection
Authors: Kraemer Kristen M. , Jain Felipe A. , Mehta Darshan H. , Fricchione Gregory L.
Published: February 2022

A growing body of research suggests that meditative- and mindfulness-focused interventions may improve neuropsychiatric symptoms that commonly occur in a range of neurological disorders. In this article, the principles of meditation and mindfulness are first defined, as well as briefly describing the neurobiological mechanisms implicated in these interventions. Thereafter, a range of meditative- and mindfulness-focused interventions are detailed, along with their supporting evidence to treat neuropsychiatric symptoms in neurological conditions (e.g., headache, movement disorders, chronic pain, etc.). Overall, these interventions warrant further investigation among individuals with neurological conditions. When recommending these interventions, health care professionals must consider a combination of structural (e.g., insurance reimbursement) and patient factors (e.g., ability to tolerate a group setting).
The game of goodwill: an exploratory study of discursive goodwill strategies of interest organizations in a consensus democracy
Authors: Ihlen Øyvind , Raknes Ketil
Published: February 2022

In consensus democracies, interest organizations are likely to pursue their goals by attempting to creategoodwillto strengthen their relationships with politicians. Through an exploratory analysis based on interviews with representatives from 58 organizations, a typology of seven strategies for such goodwill is suggested: Lobbyists will convey an understanding of the politician’s professional needs, while also recognizing constraints for what is possible to achieve. Several interviewees maintained that they avoided coming across as self-centered. Instead, they would be on the lookout for the politician’s interests, express empathy, provide public recognition of the politicians when ‘deserved,’ and they would keep a friendly and respectful tone. The first two of these strategies—emphasizing professional needs and recognizing constraints—were mentioned most frequently. The NGOs in the sample pointed to constraints more often than the other organization types, while the work-life organizations stated the importance of understanding professional needs the most. The use of such strategies increased with the level of organizational resources.
Molecular characterisation of
Authors: Feng Yating , Huang Qiaoli , Zhang Rui , Li Junyi , Luo Kai , Chen Yinhua
Published: February 2022

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) is the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway and plays a critical role in plant growth, development and stress defence. However, there have been few reports of the PAL gene family in lucerne (also known as alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.), one of the most important forage legume species worldwide. In this study, we report that PAL in lucerne is encoded by a family of seven genes: MsPAL1–MsPAL7. Furthermore, a comprehensive genome-wide bioinformatics analysis of the MsPAL gene family is presented, including chromosomal locations, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures and conserved motifs. The cis-elements and potential biological functions of these genes were investigated, revealing the potential roles of MsPAL members in response to various stresses. RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of MsPAL6 was significantly upregulated under both salinity- and waterlogging-stress conditions. Other MsPAL members such as MsPAL1 and MsPAL2 were downregulated under saline conditions and upregulated significantly after waterlogging stress. Our findings provide useful information for further practical analyses and for the genetic improvement of abiotic stress tolerance of lucerne.
Pragmatic manipulation of metapragmatic expressions in BELF meetings
Authors: Liu Ping , Liu Huiying
Published: February 2022

This article explores the function of metapragmatic expressions (MPEs) as pragmatic manipulation during Business English as a lingua franca (BELF) meetings within the framework of the socio-cognitive approach (SCA), with special attention to how MPEs in the chair’s utterances reveal their way of using institutional power to accomplish communicative tasks. Drawing on data from three BELF meetings from the Vienna-Oxford International Corpus of English, four types of MPEs are identified in the chair’s utterances. Their pragmatic manipulation is examined in three dimensions: information-oriented, procedure-oriented, and interpersonal relationship-oriented. Data analysis reveals that MPEs are intended to activate shared senses (e.g., shared experiences, mutual knowledge, and common interests) and current senses (e.g., personal judgments, evaluations, and opinions). The activation of these senses supports the creation of emergent common ground to control and shape ongoing interactions, which leads towards task accomplishment. The findings shed light on English language teaching and professional training.
The multilingual turn in pragmatics
Authors: Martín-Laguna Sofía
Published: February 2022

In the Valencian Community in Spain, the coexistence of Spanish and Catalan as co-official languages and English as a foreign language, which is learned as a third language (L3), shapes a unique multilingual setting. This study examined the extent to which multilingual learners’ use of two interpersonal pragmatic markers (PMs), i.e., hedges (e.g.,I believe) and attitude markers (e.g.,fortunately), is related across languages and whether the relationship changes over time. Participants were 313 Spanish-Catalan bilingual high school learners of L3 English. They wrote three opinion essays over one academic year in the three languages of instruction: Spanish, Catalan, and English. Quantitative results revealed a trend towards stronger correlations over time in both PMs. At Time 3, correlations were statistically significant for all language pairs in hedges and for two language pairs in attitude markers (Spanish and Catalan, Spanish and English). Qualitative analyses of the learners’ essays lend support to these results and show transfer at the phrase and discourse-level.