bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
F
oucault,
M
ichel
Authors: Zermatten Aimée H.
Published: July 2017

Michel Foucault was a French philosopher, historian, and social theorist. In these fields, he is recognized as one of the most influential and controversial scholars of the second half of the twentieth century. Foucault created several inspirational works in the social sciences. Among them, one of his major writings
Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison
has remained a reference within books that address the penal/prison system. Foucault considers the prison as an instrument to institutionalize subjects and as an expression of power to control individuals. According to his thought, the prison system is actually a failure and serves to manufacture criminals and produce recidivism.
Discipline and Punish
, like his other books on the penal system, are part of a wider criticism of social institutions.
F
ry,
E
lizabeth
G
urney
Authors: Smith Paula , Mattick Kelsey
Published: July 2017

Elizabeth Gurney Fry had a significant impact on the improvement of conditions in English prisons during the nineteenth century. Her religious convictions inspired her to support reforms such as the classification of prisoners, the use of productive labor in prisons, and improvements in the health and safety of inmates. Furthermore, her work inspired the continuation of these efforts by future reformers to rehabilitate and deter prisoners from a life of crime.
Chain Gangs
Authors: Cook Amanda P.
Published: July 2017

Chain gangs have existed in many forms in the United States, including their use during times of slavery, the period of convict leasing, their use for public projects, and their re‐emergence since 1995. Proponents for the use of chain gangs suggest benefits for both prisoners and society, while opponents argue that their use is an affront to human dignity and a clear violation of the Eighth Amendment's protection against cruel and unusual punishment.
Training Physical Therapists in Person‐Centered Practice for People With Osteoarthritis: A Qualitative Case Study
Authors: Lawford Belinda J. , Delany Clare , Bennell Kim L. , Bills Caroline , Gale Janette , Hinman Rana S.
Published: July 2017

Objective

To explore physical therapists’ experiences with, and the impacts of, a training program in person‐centered practice to support exercise adherence in people with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods

This was a qualitative case study using semi‐structured interviews, nested within a clinical trial. Eight Australian physical therapists were interviewed before, and after, training in person‐centered practice for people with knee osteoarthritis. Training involved a 2‐day workshop, skills practice, and audit of 8 consultations with 4 patients (per therapist), and a final single‐day workshop for audit feedback and consolidation. Semi‐structured interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were thematically analyzed.

Results

Three pretraining themes arose regarding usual communication style, definitions of person‐centered care, and sharing exercise adherence responsibility. Three themes related to the training experience emerged: learning a new language, challenging conceptions of practice, and putting it into practice. Post‐training, 3 themes arose regarding new knowledge deepening understanding of person‐centered care, changing beliefs about sharing responsibilities, and changed conceptions of role.

Conclusion

Although physical therapists found training overwhelming initially as they realized the limitations of their current knowledge and clinical practice, they felt more confident and able to provide person‐centered care to people with knee osteoarthritis by the end of training. Training in structured person‐centered methodology that provides opportunity for skills practice with patients using a restructured consultation framework can change physical therapists’ beliefs about their roles when managing patients with osteoarthritis and positively impact their clinical practice.
Influence of Cell Size on Mechanical and Piezoelectric Properties of PZT and LNKN Ceramic Foams
Authors: Eichhorn Franziska , Biggemann Jonas , Kellermann Simone , Kawai Akinobu , Kato Kensuke , Kakimoto Kenichi , Fey Tobias
Published: July 2017

Piezoceramic foams made of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and lithium sodium potassium niobate (LNKN‐6) containing an open porosity >75 vol% are manufactured with varying cell size from 1369 to 265 μm and accordingly, strut size from 346 to 46 μm by replica method. Pore size distribution and strut thickness are determined by X‐ray micro tomography investigations of PZT foams with 10, 30, 45, and 80 pores per inch (ppi). Fracture strengths σb between 0.29 and 1.52 MPa (PZT) and 0.04 and 0.07 MPa (LNKN‐6) are determined by compression test and compared to Gibson and Ashby's model of open‐ and closed‐cell foams and in dependence of the cell size. The longitudinal and transversal coupling coefficients d33 and d31 decrease in a range of 38 to 178 pCN−1 or −13 to −100 pCN−1 compare to dense reference material. In dependence of the cell size, the values of the coupling coefficients change about 79–93%. The relative permittivity decreases 93% by decreasing the cell size of the PZT and LNKN‐6 foams.
Large‐Scale Modulation of Left‐Handed Passband in Hybrid Graphene/Dielectric Metasurface
Authors: Liu Chuanbao , Bai Yang , Zhou Ji , Zhao Qian , Qiao Lijie
Published: July 2017

Large‐scale modulation of the left‐handed transmission with a high quality factor is greatly desired by high‐performance optical devices, but the requirements are hard to be satisfied simultaneously. This paper presents a hybrid graphene/dielectric metasurface to realize a large transmission modulation for the left‐handed passband at near‐infrared frequencies via tuning the Fermi energy of graphene. By splitting the nanoblocks, i.e. introducing an additional symmetry breaking in the unit cell, the metasurface demonstrates an ultrahigh quality factor (Q ≈ 550) of Fano resonance with near‐unity transmission and full 2π phase coverage due to the interference between Mie‐type magnetic and electric resonances, which induces the negative refraction property. Besides, the split in the nanoblock greatly enhances the local field by increasing the critical coupling area, so the light‐graphene interaction is promoted intensively. When the surface conductivity of graphene is electrically tuned, the hybrid graphene/dielectric metasurface exhibits a deep modulation of 85% for the left‐handed passband, which is robust even for the highest loss of graphene. Moreover, the simple configuration remarkably reduces the fabrication requirements to facilitate the widespread applications.
Eine Brücke zwischen industriellen und wohldefinierten Trägerkatalysatoren
Authors: Copéret Christophe , Allouche Florian , Chan Ka Wing , Conley Matthew P. , Delley Murielle F. , Fedorov Alexey , Moroz Ilia B. , Mougel Victor , Pucino Margherita , Searles Keith , Yamamoto Keishi , Zhizhko Pavel A.
Published: July 2017

Viele industrielle Katalysatoren enthalten isolierte Metallzentren an der Oberfläche von Oxidträgern. Derartige Katalysatoren werden seit über 40 Jahren bei verschiedensten Verfahren verwendet – die Struktur ihrer katalytischen Zentren bleibt aber bis heute nur ungenügend verstanden. Dieser Aufsatz zeigt, wie mit metallorganischer Oberflächenchemie (SOMC) Oberflächenzentren mit gut definierten Strukturen erzeugt werden können, und beschreibt die Beschaffenheit aktiver Zentren in industriellen Katalysatoren, insbesondere für die Herstellung und Umwandlung von Olefinen.
Bridging the Gap between Industrial and Well‐Defined Supported Catalysts
Authors: Copéret Christophe , Allouche Florian , Chan Ka Wing , Conley Matthew P. , Delley Murielle F. , Fedorov Alexey , Moroz Ilia B. , Mougel Victor , Pucino Margherita , Searles Keith , Yamamoto Keishi , Zhizhko Pavel A.
Published: July 2017

Many industrial catalysts contain isolated metal sites on the surface of oxide supports. Although such catalysts have been used in a broad range of processes for more than 40 years, there is often a very limited understanding about the structure of the catalytically active sites. This Review discusses how surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) engineers surface sites with well‐defined structures and provides insight into the nature of the active sites of industrial catalysts; the Review focuses in particular on olefin production and conversion processes.
Pyridine‐Fused Bis(Norcorrole) through Hantzsch‐Type Cyclization: Enhancement of Antiaromaticity by an Aromatic Bridge
Authors: Li Xiaofang , Meng Yankui , Yi Pinggui , Stępień Marcin , Chmielewski Piotr J.
Published: July 2017

A non‐catalytic condensation of NiII β‐aminonorcorrole with aryl aldehydes is shown to produce a family of pyrromethane dimers that undergo deaminative cyclization to yield pyridine‐fused bis(norcorrole)s comprising two antiaromatic macrocycles communicating by an aromatic moiety. The new compounds were characterized by spectroscopic, structural, and electrochemical methods supported by DFT calculations, all of which revealed unexpected antiaromaticity enhancement in the fused system.
Experimental analysis and modeling of local ageing effects during laser sintering of polyamide 12 in regard to individual thermal histories
Authors: Josupeit Stefan , Schmid Hans‐Joachim
Published: July 2017

Polymer laser sintering (LS) is an important additive manufacturing (AM) technology. Individual and complex parts are directly produced from CAD data without the need of specific tools. The raw material is a polymer powder, which is deposited layerwise and melted selectively with a laser. Built parts are embedded in residual unmolten powder, the so‐called part cake, which undergoes thermal ageing effects due to the exposure to high temperatures for long times during the manufacturing process. Hence, the recyclability of the unmolten powder is limited. This article focuses on a fundamental analysis of the ageing kinetics dependent on time, temperature, and oxygen content in the gas atmosphere. A model is developed and applied to measured, position‐dependent process temperature histories to successfully predict the ageing distribution within a part cake. The results can be used to optimize the thermal process management in LS and to develop new efficient powder recycling methods. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45435.
Location or Hukou: What Most Limits Fertility of Urban Women in China?
Authors: Liang Yun , Gibson John
Published: July 2017

China's fertility rate is below replacement level. The government is attempting to increase this rate by relaxing the one‐child policy. China faces a possible tradeoff because further urbanization is needed to raise incomes but may reduce future fertility. We decompose China's rural–urban fertility gaps using both de facto and de jure criteria for defining the urban population. The fertility‐depressing effects of holding urban hukou are more than three times larger than effects of urban residence. Less of the rural–urban fertility gap by hukou status is due to differences in characteristics than is the case for the fertility gap by place of residence.
Creating Sydney‐Hawkesbury rock engravings: A Mangrove Mountain engraving tool
Authors: ATTENBROW VAL , KONONENKO NINA
Published: July 2017

Aboriginal rock engravings of the Sydney‐Hawkesbury region on Australia's east coast were commented on by the first British colonists, but their reports and journals contain no descriptions of how they were produced. Use‐wear analysis of a basalt stone tool found on an engraving site in the Mangrove Mountain area of the NSW Central Coast supports the finder's supposition that it was a rock engraving tool. The analysis indicates the tool was used for both pecking and abrading coarse‐grained rock – actions used in creating the Sydney‐Hawkesbury rock engravings by a technique known as “conjoined‐puncturing”. An experimental study was undertaken to test the efficiency and usefulness of basalt tools in creating rock engravings and to produce wear traces for comparative functional analysis. The use‐wear analysis suggests that this tool was also used for preparing skins.
Thermosensitive Triterpenoid‐Appended Polymers with Broad Temperature Tunability Regulated by Host–Guest Chemistry
Authors: Hao Jie , Gao Yuxia , Li Ying , Yan Qiang , Hu Jun , Ju Yong
Published: July 2017

Thermoresponsive water‐soluble polymers are of great importance since they typically show a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in aqueous media. In this research, the LCST change in broad temperature ranges of copolymers composed of natural glycyrrhetinic acid (GA)‐based methacrylate and N,N′‐dimethylacrylamides (DMAs) was investigated as a function of the concentration and the content of GA pendants. By complexation of GA pendants with β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), a side‐chain polypseudorotaxane was obtained, which exhibited a significant increase in the LCST of copolymers. Moreover, the precisely reversible control of the LCST behavior was realized through adding a competing guest molecule, sodium 1‐admantylcarboxylate. This work illustrates a simple and effective approach to endow water‐soluble polymers with broad temperature tunability and helps us further understand the effect of a biocompatible host–guest complementary β‐CD/GA pair on the thermoresponsive process.
Adaptive Controller Based Unified Power Flow Control for Low Power Oscillation Damping
Authors: Zeb Nadia , Khan Bilal , Ali Sahibzada Muhammad , Mehmood Chaudhry Arshad , Sajjad Rabia , Farid Umar , Bibi Ayesha
Published: July 2017

Low frequency oscillation (LFO) within a power system is an important issue. Loss of inter‐connected machine synchronism, reactive load increase, and faults and disturbances lead to a LFO in a range between 0.1–2 Hz. LFOs limit power transfer over long transmission lines, thus degrading the quality of supply. Moreover, conventional local control, namely, the power system stabilizer, is unable to mitigate LFOs. Furthermore, continuation of LFOs will lead to complete system collapse (blackouts). Considering the above issues, there is a pressing need to incorporate advanced control systems to damp inter‐area LFOs. We propose an adaptive‐supplementary unified power flow control (UPFC) for two inter‐connected areas of a power system. Our work is novel in its design of a supplementary control system using a neural network based on a feedback linearization auto‐regression average model. With the above proposed control scheme, the stability of power system is enhanced in terms of: (1) effective LFO damping; (2) power transfer; (3) improvement in the dynamic parameters of the system; (4) active and reactive power support; (5) loss minimization; and (6) demand–supply management. To justify these claims, we implement our proposed controller on a two‐area (four machine) system. Critical analysis of the system is conducted under symmetrical grid faults. The result of the proposed control scheme justifies the performance enhancement of above parameters, as per grid‐code requirements, compared with conventional a proportional integral (PI) controller.
Oxidative stress management in the hair follicle: Could targeting NRF2 counter age‐related hair disorders and beyond?
Authors: Jadkauskaite Laura , Coulombe Pierre A. , Schäfer Matthias , Dinkova‐Kostova Albena T. , Paus Ralf , Haslam Iain S.
Published: July 2017

Widespread expression of the transcription factor, nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (NRF2), which maintains redox homeostasis, has recently been identified in the hair follicle (HF). Small molecule activators of NRF2 may therefore be useful in the management of HF pathologies associated with redox imbalance, ranging from HF greying and HF ageing via androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata to chemotherapy‐induced hair loss. Indeed, NRF2 activation has been shown to prevent peroxide‐induced hair growth inhibition. Multiple parameters can increase the levels of reactive oxygen species in the HF, for example melanogenesis, depilation‐induced trauma, neurogenic and autoimmune inflammation, toxic drugs, environmental stressors such as UV irradiation, genetic defects and aging‐associated mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, the potential mechanisms whereby NRF2 activation could prove beneficial in treatment of redox‐associated HF disorders are therefore discussed.
Long‐term safety and effectiveness of levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel infusion
Authors: De Fabregues Oriol , Dot Joan , Abu‐Suboh Monder , Hernández‐Vara Jorge , Ferré Alex , Romero Odile , Ibarria Marta , Seoane José Luis , Raguer Nuria , Puiggros Carolina , Gómez Maria Rosa , Quintana Manuel , Armengol Josep Ramon , Alvarez‐Sabín José
Published: July 2017

Introduction

Levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) infusion has demonstrated to improve motor fluctuations. The aim of this study is to assess the long‐term safety and effectiveness of LCIG infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with motor fluctuations and its effect in nonmotor symptoms.

Methods

Adverse events (AE) and their management, clinical motor, and nonmotor aspects were assessed up to 10 years. Thirty‐seven patients were treated with LGIC; in three subsets of patients, specific batteries of tests were used to assess cognitive and behavior assessment for 6 months, quality of sleep for 6 months, and quality of life and caregiver burden for 1 year.

Results

There was a high number of AE, but manageable, most of mild and moderate severity. All patients experienced significant improvement in motor fluctuations with a reduction in mean daily off time of 4.87 hr after 3 months (n = 37) to 6.25 hr after 9 years (n = 2). Diskynesias remained stables in 28 patients (75.7%) and improved in 5 patients (13.5%). There was no neuropsychological deterioration, but an improvement in attentional functions, voluntary motor control, and semantic fluency. Quality of sleep did not worsen, and there was an improvement in the subjective parameters, although overnight polysomnography did not change. There was a significant sustained improvement of 37% in PD‐Q39 after 3 months and to 1 year, and a significant reduction in caregiver burden of 10% after 3 months.

Conclusion

LCIG infusion is a safe and efficacious treatment for the control of motor fluctuations, and for improvement or nonworsening of nonmotor aspects, long‐term sustained, and feasible for use in routine care.
Creating inclusive identity narratives through participatory action research
Authors: Dutta Urmitapa
Published: July 2017

This paper describes the process and outcomes of Voices, a participatory action research project aimed to disrupt divisive ethnic identity narratives among youth living amidst protracted ethnic conflict. The project took place in the Garo Hills region of Northeast India, a site of protracted ethnic conflict. Moving away from crisis‐based approaches, this paper explores the conflict transformative potential of participatory action research, specifically its effectiveness in facilitating civic engagement across ethnic lines. The findings indicate that young people's involvement in the project afforded them an opportunity to engage with local community concerns outside of polarized ethnic identity narratives. This involvement facilitated three critical outcomes: engagement in social critique, reconfiguration of a more inclusive researcher identity, and adoption of a language of possibility. Based on these findings, it is argued that opportunities for critical community engagement could interrupt divisive ethnic identity narratives and provide turning points for youth to reimagine inclusive social identities.
Restoration of microRNA‐708 sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin via IGF2BP1/Akt pathway
Authors: Qin Xuying , Sun Linlin , Wang Jing
Published: July 2017

A previous study has shown that microRNA‐708 (miR‐708) functions as a metastasis suppressor in ovarian cancer. In this study, we aimed to explore its implication in regulating cisplatin sensitivity in ovarian cancer cells. To this end, ovarian cancer cells were transfected with miR‐708‐expressing plasmids or vector before treatment with different concentrations of cisplatin for 48 h. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was calculated. Apoptosis was analyzed by measuring caspase‐3 activity. The target gene mediating the function of miR‐708 was identified. Ectopic expression of miR‐708 sensitized SKOV3 and A2780 cells to cisplatin, decreasing the IC50 value by two‐ to threefold. miR‐708 overexpression significantly augmented cisplatin‐induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells, which was coupled with increased caspase‐3 activity by two‐ to fourfold. Similarly, overexpression of miR‐708 increased the sensitivity of cisplatin‐resistant SKOV3/DDP and A2780/DDP cells to cisplatin‐induced toxicity, reducing the IC50 by three‐ and fivefold, respectively. Delivery of miR‐708 enhanced cisplatin‐induced elevation in caspase‐3 activity in both cisplatin‐resistant and parental ovarian cancer cells. Mechanistically, miR‐708 downregulated the expression of insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) and suppressed Akt phosphorylation. Silencing of IGF2BP1 markedly blocked the phosphorylation of Akt. Overexpression of IGF2BP1 restored cisplatin resistance and Akt phosphorylation in miR‐708‐overexpressing ovarian cancer cells. Collectively, miR‐708 increases the susceptibility of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin by targeting IGF2BP1 and inhibiting Akt signaling. Delivery of miR‐708 may represent a promising strategy for improving cisplatin chemotherapy.
Trifluoromethylation of a Well‐Defined Square‐Planar Aryl‐NiII Complex involving NiIII/CF3. and NiIV−CF3 Intermediate Species
Authors: Rovira Mireia , Roldán‐Gómez Steven , Martin‐Diaconescu Vlad , Whiteoak Christopher J. , Company Anna , Luis Josep M. , Ribas Xavi
Published: July 2017

Ni‐mediated trifluoromethylation of an aryl−Br bond in model macrocyclic ligands (Ln−Br) has been thoroughly studied, starting with an oxidative addition at Ni0 to obtain well‐defined aryl‐NiII‐Br complexes ([Ln−NiII]Br). Abstraction of the halide with AgX (X=OTf− or ClO4−) thereafter provides [Ln−NiII](OTf). The nitrate analogue has been obtained through a direct C−H activation of an aryl−H bond using NiII salts, and this route has been studied by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Crystallographic XRD and XAS characterization has shown a tight macrocyclic coordination in the aryl−NiII complex, which may hamper direct reaction with nucleophiles. On the contrary, enhanced reactivity is observed with oxidants, and the reaction of [Ln−NiII](OTf) with CF3+ sources afforded Ln−CF3 products in quantitative yield. A combined experimental and theoretical mechanistic study provides new insights into the operative mechanism for this transformation. Computational analysis indicates the occurrence of an initial single electron transfer (SET) to 5‐(trifluoromethyl)dibenzothiophenium triflate (TDTT), producing a transient L1−NiIII/CF3. adduct, which rapidly recombines to form a [L1‐NiIV‐CF3](X)2 intermediate species. A final facile reductive elimination affords L1−CF3. The well‐defined square‐planar model system studied here permits to gain fundamental knowledge on the rich redox chemistry of nickel, which is sought to facilitate the development of new Ni‐based trifluoromethylation methodologies.
Total Syntheses of Pyroclavine, Festuclavine, Lysergol, and Isolysergol via a Catalytic Asymmetric Nitro‐Michael Reaction
Authors: Bhunia Subhajit , Chaudhuri Saikat , Bisai Alakesh
Published: July 2017

A catalytic enantioselective construction of vicinal stereocenters is reported. The reaction takes advantage of thiourea‐catalyzed intramolecular nitronate addition onto α,β‐unsaturated ester to afford exceptional levels of enantioselectivity (up to 97 % ee) with moderate diastereoselectivity (up to 4:1). Using this method, a cross‐conjugated ester was synthesized in few steps, from which a 6‐endo‐trig cyclisation led to the formation of all required functionalities for total syntheses of ergot alkaloids. The strategy not only offers first total syntheses of ergot alkaloids, festuclavine (1 c), and pyroclavine (1 e), and but also an efficient and general approach to other congeners such as, lysergol (1 b), and isolysergol (1 d).
Utilizing Palladium‐Stabilized Zwitterions for the Construction of N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Allen Benjamin D. W. , Lakeland Christopher P. , Harrity Joseph P. A.
Published: July 2017

Pd catalysis provides a convenient method for the generation of zwitterionic intermediates that offer significant opportunities for the synthesis of functionalized heterocycles. The combination of electrophilic π‐allyl Pd fragments and C‐, N‐ and O‐centered nucleophiles allows these intermediates to react with readily available substrates to furnish a range of high value products with control of chemo‐, regio‐ and stereo‐selectivity.
A Continuous Operation Concept for a Rotary Tablet Press Using Mass Flow Operating Points
Authors: Martinetz Michael Christian , Rehrl Jakob , Aigner Isabella , Sacher Stephan , Khinast Johannes
Published: July 2017

In a continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing line the rotary tablet press was viewed as the master of control concept and defined the mass flow through the entire process. According to a conventional control concept, missing mass flow from an upstream unit operation leads to a shutdown of the tablet press. Various operating scenarios were simulated and the influence of turret speed on the tablet properties was experimentally investigated. Changes in the turret speed alter the critical process parameters dwell time and die filling time. Their influence was evaluated using two model formulations with different compaction behavior.
Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Remediation of Simulated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Contaminated Wastewater under Visible Light Irradiation by Graphene Oxide Enwrapped Ag3PO4 Composite.
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , Cai Haoyuan , Bao Mutai , Yu Jianqiang , Lu Jinren , Li Yiming
Published: July 2017

Effective removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from wastewater before their discharge into the environment is an ever pressing requirement. In this study, for the first time, simulated PAHs contaminated wastewater was photocatalytically remediated with graphene oxide (GO) enwrapped silver phosphate as visible light‐driven photocatalysts. The GO/Ag3PO4 photocatalysts exhibited superior photocatalytic activity and stability compared with pure Ag3PO4, g‐C3N4 and TiO2 (P25). The degradation efficiency of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene could reach 49.7%, 100.0% and 77.9%, rspectively within 5 min irradiation. The apparent rate constants of photocatalytic degradation of 3 wt% GO/Ag3PO4 composite photocatalyst were 0.14, 1.21 and 2.46 min−1 for naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene, respectively. They were about 1.8, 1.5 and 2.0 times higher than that of pure Ag3PO4, and much higher than that of g‐C3N4 and TiO2. Meanwhile, the efficiencies of 44.6%, 95.2% and 83.8% were achieved for naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene degradation even after 5 times of recycling in the GO/Ag3PO4‐PAHs photocatalysis system. Reactive species of ∙O2− and h+ were considered as the main participants for oxidizing naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene.
Sesquiterpenoids of Illicium jiadifengpi and Their Effects on NGF‐induced Neurite Outgrowth in PC12 Cells
Authors: Liu Jifeng , Su Xiaoyu , Hu Feixia , Guo Jing , Song Xu , Zhang Yanbing
Published: July 2017

Two new compounds, jiadifenlactone acid monomethyl ester (1) and jiadifenin (3), and five known compounds were isolated from the fruits of I. jiadifengpi. Their structures were determined using spectroscopic techniques, including 1D, 2D NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS experiments. The relative stereochemistry of jiadifenlactone acid monometheyl ester (1) was further confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic data. All isolates were evaluated for their effects on nerve growth factor (NGF)‐mediated neurite outgrowth in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and two compounds showed promoting effects.
Proteomic analyses of nucleus laminaris identified candidate targets of the fragile X mental retardation protein
Authors: Sakano Hitomi , Zorio Diego A. R. , Wang Xiaoyu , Ting Ying S. , Noble William S. , MacCoss Michael J. , Rubel Edwin W , Wang Yuan
Published: July 2017

The avian nucleus laminaris (NL) is a brainstem nucleus necessary for binaural processing, analogous in structure and function to the mammalian medial superior olive. In chickens (Gallus gallus), NL is a well‐studied model system for activity‐dependent neural plasticity. Its neurons have bipolar extension of dendrites, which receive segregated inputs from two ears and display rapid and compartment‐specific reorganization in response to unilateral changes in auditory input. More recently, fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA‐binding protein that regulates local protein translation, has been shown to be enriched in NL dendrites, suggesting its potential role in the structural dynamics of these dendrites. To explore the molecular role of FMRP in this nucleus, we performed proteomic analysis of NL, using micro laser capture and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 657 proteins, greatly represented in pathways involved in mitochondria, translation and metabolism, consistent with high levels of activity of NL neurons. Of these, 94 are potential FMRP targets, by comparative analysis with previously proposed FMRP targets in mammals. These proteins are enriched in pathways involved in cellular growth, cellular trafficking and transmembrane transport. Immunocytochemistry verified the dendritic localization of several proteins in NL. Furthermore, we confirmed the direct interaction of FMRP with one candidate, RhoC, by in vitro RNA binding assays. In summary, we provide a database of highly expressed proteins in NL and in particular a list of potential FMRP targets, with the goal of facilitating molecular characterization of FMRP signaling in future studies.
Modeling power supplies of LED lamps
Authors: Górecki Krzysztof , Ptak Przemysław
Published: July 2017

In the paper, the model of the power supply of the LED lamp in the form dedicated for SPICE is proposed. The form of the worked out by the authors' model is presented, and the results of experimental verification of this model for the LED lamp of the type CLA25 are shown. The presented model is elaborated only for the power supply of LED lamps, in which the constant output voltage is stabilized. This model has the form of a subcircuit for SPICE, and it describes the influence of load resistance, amplitude of the input voltage, and the ambient temperature on both the input current and the output voltage. It is confirmed that the worked out model describes correctly both the waveform of the current received from the electroenergy network and the influence of the load current, the ambient temperature, and the supply voltage on the output voltage.
Temperature‐dependent modeling and performance analysis of coupled MLGNR interconnects
Authors: Rai Mayank Kumar , Arora Shubham , Kaushik B.K.
Published: July 2017

The temperature‐dependent circuit modeling and performance in terms of propagation delay, power dissipation, and crosstalk‐induced voltage waveform at the far end of victim line of multilayer graphene nanoribbon (MLGNR) interconnects have been analyzed at 22 nm technology node. A comparative performance analysis between MLGNR interconnects with resistance estimated using temperature‐dependent model and temperature‐independent model is examined. The results obtained are also compared with capacitively coupled interconnects of copper (Cu). The results show that as the temperature is varied from 300 K to 500 K, MLGNR has lower propagation delay and power dissipation as compared to Cu for 1 mm long interconnects. It is also observed that because of the dominance of both low resistance and ground capacitance compared to Cu, MLGNR has better crosstalk‐induced delay and voltage waveforms with rise in temperature at the far end of aggressor and victim line, respectively. Further, simulated results show an average relative improvement in propagation delay of 37.24% and corresponding improvement in power dissipation of approximately 19.59% by using a temperature‐dependent model in comparison to a temperature‐independent model of MLGNR resistance with interconnect lengths varying from 200 to 1000 μm. The reduction in the time duration of victim output pulse over these interconnect lengths also shows a significant improvement of approximately 35% by using temperature‐dependent model as against temperature‐independent model of MLGNR resistance.
A morphology independent approach for identifying dividing adult neural stem cells in the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Harris Lachlan , Zalucki Oressia , Oishi Sabrina , Burne Thomas H. , Jhaveri Dhanisha J. , Piper Michael
Published: July 2017

Background: Type 1 adult hippocampal neural stem cells (AH‐NSCs) continue to generate neurons throughout life, albeit at a very low rate. The relative quiescence of this population of cells has led to many studies investigating factors that may increase their division. Current methods of identifying dividing AH‐NSCs in vivo require the identification and tracing of radial processes back to nuclei within the subgranular zone. However, caveats to this approach include the time‐intensive nature of identifying AH‐NSCs with such a process, as well as the fact that this approach ignores the relatively more active population of horizontally oriented AH‐NSCs that also reside in the subgranular zone. Results: Here we describe, and then verify using Hes5::GFP mice, that labeling for the cell cycle marker Ki67 and selection against the intermediate progenitor cell marker TBR2 (Ki67+ve; TBR2−ve nuclei) is sufficient to identify dividing horizontally and radially oriented AH‐NSCs in the adult mouse hippocampus. Conclusions: These findings provide a simple and accurate way to quantify dividing AH‐NSCs in vivo using a morphology‐independent approach that will facilitate studies into neurogenesis within the hippocampal stem cell niche of the adult brain. Developmental Dynamics 247:194–200, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring benefits of spatial cooperative harvesting in a sea urchin fishery: an agent‐based approach
Authors: Gutierrez Nicolas L. , Halmay Peter , Hilborn Ray , Punt Andre E. , Schroeter Stephen
Published: July 2017

Sedentary or low‐mobility organisms show a high degree of dependency with their substrate, where its heterogeneity often determines small‐scale spatial patterns of distribution, life history traits, and fishery yields. For sea urchins, this spatial structure is usually shaped by food availability, habitat structure, individual movement, and fishery dynamics. All of these have a significant impact on their physiological and reproductive status and in particular on their gonadal content. These patterns are of particular interest considering that the sea urchin fishery is a roe fishery where marketability depends on gonad yield and quality, which in turn is related to spatial and temporal variations in associated kelp beds. Thus, better gonad quality and yields generate higher profits for both fishers (divers) and processors. However, competition among divers within a non‐cooperative system creates a “race for shellfish” precluding higher gonad yields per unit of effort. A spatially explicit agent‐based model for the San Diego, California red sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) fishery was developed in order to assess the benefits of cooperative harvesting by depicting spatial and temporal variations in fishery yields. A cooperative harvesting scenario where divers consistently target those areas with higher yields avoiding low‐quality sea urchins was compared against a non‐cooperative situation where divers harvest at random or based only on densities of sea urchins. Sea urchin population at the end of the simulation period was 20% higher for the most cooperative scenario compared to the non‐cooperative fishery. Further, for the most cooperative scenario where information sharing among divers is greatest and harvest is coordinated, sea urchin catches were at least 10% higher and gonad yield 35% higher than in the non‐cooperative scenario. In this model, information sharing and organized harvesting typical of well‐functioning cooperatives allowed fishers to optimize the use of the resource in terms of higher gonad yields per unit of effort while maintaining the productivity of the stock. This study also highlights the importance of community‐based management (i.e., collaborative efforts in assessment, management, and governance of fisheries between fishers, scientists, and managers) toward improving fisheries sustainability.
Mapping marine habitat suitability and uncertainty of Bayesian networks: a case study using Pacific benthic macrofauna
Authors: Havron Andrea , Goldfinger Chris , Henkel Sarah , Marcot Bruce G. , Romsos Chris , Gilbane Lisa
Published: July 2017

Resource managers increasingly use habitat suitability map products to inform risk management and policy decisions. Modeling habitat suitability of data‐poor species over large areas requires careful attention to assumptions and limitations. Resulting habitat suitability maps can harbor uncertainties from data collection and modeling processes; yet these limitations are not always transparent to resource managers, who increasingly rely on maps for spatial planning and risk assessment purposes. Interpretation of habitat suitability maps can be improved by visually communicating model uncertainty and data foundations. We applied Bayesian networks (BNs) to a small, marine dataset to model the probability of occurrence (PO) of benthic macrofauna. We also usedBNs to create maps displaying model parameter uncertainty and data limitations. We developedBNmodels for three macrofauna species: a marine gastropod,Aystris gausapata, a marine bivalve,Axinopsida serricata, and a marine worm,Sternaspis fossor. We produced three map products from theBNmodels of each species: (1) a habitat suitability map of the PO projected from regional predictor variables; (2) an uncertainty map, displaying statistical variance of model predictions of occurrence probability; and (3) an experience map, displaying the empirical basis for PO predictions (equivalent sample size). Map results showed occurrence probability to be high and widespread forAx. serricata, low to moderate and more limited to deeper offshore areas forAy. gausapata, and low to high in shallow sandy regions and deeper silty regions, respectively, forS. fossor. The uncertainty and experience maps for each species helped identify regions to prioritize for future sampling. Our results are the first to show thatBNs can effectively model habitat suitability of benthic macrofauna, and our detailed methods can be applied to a variety of taxa and systems. Visually describing statistical model uncertainty and equivalent sample size in map format improves interpretation of habitat suitability map predictions and supports place‐based risk management of marine management.
Modeling annual grassland phenology along the central coast of California
Authors: Bart Ryan R. , Tague Christina L. , Dennison Philip E.
Published: July 2017

Grassland phenology is an important component of terrestrial biophysical models, with substantial differences in the cycling of energy, carbon, water, and nutrient fluxes between periods of growth and dormancy. Modeling the phenology of moisture‐driven annual grasslands in Mediterranean‐type ecosystems (MTEs) remains challenging because although soil moisture is often a direct control on green‐up, high rainfall variability duringMTEwet seasons makes predicting the optimal time for senescence problematic. For this study, we developed a Mediterranean grassland phenology model (MGPM) to model green‐up and senescence for coastal California annual grasslands. Mediterranean grassland phenology model was embedded in an ecohydrologic model, Regional Hydro‐Ecologic Simulation System, and simulations of ecosystem fluxes were compared to a simpler fixed‐date (i.e., photoperiod) phenology model. Results indicated that a soil water potential threshold was an accurate predictor of grassland green‐up initiation. Annual cumulative net primary productivity (NPPcum) was observed to be a good predictor of senescence initiation, with higher levels ofNPPcumassociated with delayed senescence initiation. We also observed that photoperiod acts as an additional control on senescence initiation, restricting the window of time during which senescence may occur. Long‐term peakNPPcumwas noted as a potential control on the timing of this photoperiod window. Inclusion ofMGPMinto biophysical models is expected to improve the representation of annual grasslands and more accurately simulate ecosystem fluxes.
Oxidative stability and the chemical composition of market cold‐pressed linseed oil
Authors: Symoniuk Edyta , Ratusz Katarzyna , Krygier Krzysztof
Published: July 2017

Oxidative stability and minor components of market linseed oils were evaluated. The oils were investigated for their primary and secondary oxidation products, fatty acid composition and pigment content, and samples were also examined for their scavenging of 1, 1‐ diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and total phenolic content. Rancimat and pressure differential scanning calorimetry were used to assess oxidative stability. The analysed oils were of good quality, meeting the requirements of the Codex Alimentarius standard. Linseed oils were characterised by 45–65% content of α‐linolenic acid. The TEAC equivalent of linseed oils ranged from 1.25 to 1.42 mM of Trolox kg−1 oil, and FAE ranged from 60.25 to 115.12 mg of ferulic acid 100 g−1 oil. The correlation between linseed oil oxidative stability as measured by the Rancimat and PDSC methods was low (r = 0.55). Based on the obtained results of oxidative stability and the content of chemical compounds, principal components analysis was conducted. PCA indicated that none of the chemical compounds correlated strongly with the oxidative stability of linseed oils as determined by the Rancimat method. However, in the case of the PDSC method, the content of primary and secondary products of oxidation had the strongest impact on the oxidative stability of linseed oils. The correlation coefficients describing the impact of different chemical compounds on induction time using the Rancimat and PDSC tests were between −0.43 to 0.45 and −0.82 to 0.72, respectively.

Practical applications: The results show that linseed oils available on the market were of differing but good quality. Results of oxidative stability tests demonstrate that Rancimat and pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) methods should not be used interchangeably for assessing linseed oil oxidative stability (r = 0.55). The initial degree of oxidation had the greatest impact on the oxidative stability of linseed oil, but none of the measured quality parameters showed a high correlation with the Rancimat induction time. Principal component analysis verified the designated correlations between induction times in the Rancimat and PDSC tests and quality features. PCA also confirmed differences between the examined linseed oils.

Market linseed oils are examined to their oxidative stability using Rancimat and pressure differential scanning calorimetry, and their chemical composition. The influence of selected discriminants on the oxidative stability of linseed oil is determined.
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide‐coated agrosorbents and their high benzene adsorption performance from aqueous solution
Authors: Kong Helen , Cheu Siew Chin , Othman Nurul Sakinah , Song Shiow Tien , Johari Khairiraihanna , Saman Norasikin , Lye Jimmy Wei Ping , Mat Hanapi
Published: July 2017

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide‐coated agrosorbents were successfully synthesized through firstly mercerization of raw banana trunk (Raw‐BT) with alkali (M‐BT) and finally coating with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (M‐CTAB‐BT). The characterization was done using an energy dispersive X‐ray spectrophotometer, a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and a field emission scanning electron microscope. The Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller analysis was also conducted. The benzene adsorption performance of BT agrosorbents was improved by mercerization and surfactant coating according to the following order: Raw‐BT (340.25 × 10− mmol/g) < CTAB‐BT (382.41 × 10−3 mmol/g) < M‐CTAB‐BT (535.62 × 10−3 mmol/g). The adsorption data obeyed the Langmuir and pseudo‐second order (PSO) kinetic models with film diffusion as the rate‐limiting step. The agrosorbent regeneration as well as comparison to literature data indicated the modified BT and thus the agrowaste biomass could be alternative agrosorbent precursors for removing benzene from aqueous solutions. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 305–317, 2018
Modeling of Gas Diffusion in Ni/YSZ Electrodes in CO2 and Co‐electrolysis
Authors: Dragsbæk Duhn J. , Degn Jensen A. , Wedel S. , Wix C.
Published: July 2017

Carbon formation may occur during CO2 and CO2/H2O electrolysis using solid oxide electrolyzer cells due to the Boudouard reaction (2CO → CO2 + C(s)). Formed carbon may disintegrate the cell structure and it is therefore of importance to be able to predict when carbon is formed, and take actions to prevent its formation.

For prediction of carbon formation, the gas composition in the electrode must be known. In this work, the diffusion of gases in the electrode has been modeled with the dusty gas model in 1 and 2 dimensions, and the effect of tortuosity, porosity, temperature, electrode thickness, pore diameter, current density, pitch and rib width has been investigated. It is shown that diffusion limitations on reactant/product transport may lead to carbon formation.

The parameters describing the microstructure and the dimensions of the cathode channels and interconnect ribs are found to have a large effect on the carbon formation propensity. Given a set of parameters, a simple correlation between the CO mole fraction in the channel and under the interconnect rib, and current density during CO2‐electrolysis can be derived. This correlation makes it possible to efficiently integrate the calculation of carbon formation risk in existing electrolyzer cell models.
Synaptotagmin‐11 inhibits cytokine secretion and phagocytosis in microglia
Authors: Du Cuilian , Wang Yalong , Zhang Feifan , Yan Shuxin , Guan Yuan , Gong Xiaoli , Zhang Ting , Cui Xiuyu , Wang Xiaomin , Zhang Claire Xi
Published: July 2017

Cytokine secretion and phagocytosis are key functions of activated microglia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their regulation in microglia remain largely unknown. Here, we report that synaptotagmin‐11 (Syt11), a non‐Ca2+‐binding Syt implicated in Parkinson disease and schizophrenia, inhibits cytokine secretion and phagocytosis in microglia. We found Syt11 expression in microglia in brain slices and primary microglia. Interestingly, Syt11‐knockdown (KD) increased cytokine secretion and NO release in primary microglia both in the absence and presence of lipopolysaccharide. NF‐κB was activated in untreated KD microglia together with enhanced synthesis of IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and iNOS. When the release capacity was assessed by the ratio of extracellular to intracellular levels, only the IL‐6 and TNF‐α secretion capacity was increased in Syt11‐KD cells, suggesting that Syt11 specifically regulates conventional secretion. Consistently, Syt11 localized to the trans‐Golgi network and recycling endosomes. In addition, Syt11 was recruited to phagosomes and its deficiency enhanced microglial phagocytosis. All the KD phenotypes were rescued by expression of an shRNA‐resistant Syt11, while overexpression of Syt11 suppressed cytokine secretion and phagocytosis. Importantly, Syt11 also inhibited microglial phagocytosis of α‐synuclein fibrils, supporting its association with Parkinson disease. Taken together, we propose that Syt11 suppresses microglial activation under both physiological and pathological conditions through the inhibition of cytokine secretion and phagocytosis.