bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of visual thinking in medical education
Authors: Demir Ayse Banu , Okuyan Zuhal , Van Eck Alexander , Mura Gokhan , Gonlugur Emre , Karaca Can , Abacioglu Hakan
Published: October 2021

Background

Considering medical humanities, medicine and art are two areas that resemble each other at several features. Clinical diagnosis involves the observation, description and interpretation of information of which visual ones take an important one. The skills described are important skills in the field of visual arts, as well. Underlying a good clinical practice; clinical examination and observation skills constitute an important place. Although in several studies, these skills are shown to be improved by analyzing visual art pieces, courses intended to improve visual thinking skills are not that much common in medical faculty curriculums.

Methods

In this article, we share our opinion about the use of visual thinking in medical education by providing preliminary reflection results of learners from the second year of medical education about the visual thinking course that we have recently started to apply in Faculty of Medicine in collaboration with Faculty of Fine Arts in Izmir University of Economics in order to improve the observational skills of learners.

Results

Reflection results of the learners support the view that training art-viewing skill is helpful to improve observational and descriptive skills.

Conclusions

Increasing interdisciplinary programs on visual thinking in medical curriculums have the potential to overcome several professional development challenges in clinics.
A Rubric for Assessing Student Drawings & Reasoning to Gauge Understanding of Osmosis & Diffusion
Authors: Angra Aakanksha , Nguyen Jason , Patel Neel , Gutzler Stephanie
Published: October 2021

The concepts of osmosis and diffusion are essential to biology, and student difficulties with them are well documented, along with multiple ways of assessment and diagnosis. We add to the literature by sharing how we used drawing and reasoning prompts with first-year undergraduate biology students to gauge learning before and after an osmosis and diffusion lab. We also share the development and validation of a three-point analytical rubric to score the keywords, student drawings, and reasoning prompts. The qualitative and quantitative nature of this exercise provides instructors with the unique opportunity to diagnose difficulties not only in introductory biology but throughout the undergraduate curriculum. Implementation strategies throughout the undergraduate curriculum are discussed.
Environmental Challenges in Indonesia: An Emerging Issue in the Social Study of Religion
Authors: Wijsen Frans
Published: October 2021

One of the emerging issues in religious studies is the relationship between religion and the environment. This issue has conceptual, empirical, and practical dimensions. This article explores some of the completed and ongoing empirical research projects and asks what a social study of religion can contribute to the theory and practice of environmentalism in Indonesia, and what this signifies for future research in this field. It argues that the social study of religion can help to conceptualize religion as a social construct and move beyond reified understandings of religion. Scholars of religion can make them aware of the fact that on the one hand religion has an added value and makes a difference, and that on the other hand religion is complex, diverse, and ambiguous. For future research in this field, the article proposes to elaborate more on the ambivalence of religion and to use the dialogical self-theory to deal with the dilemma between norms and practices, the tension between theological and technological voices, the faith-based underpinnings of ‘small’ (‘back to nature’) and ‘smart’ (circular economy, green technology) solutions for ecological challenges, and the gap between the religion that is lived in every-day lives and the religion that is learned in schools and mosques, drawing on classical sources.
Higher Education, Nation Character, and Religious Moderation Program: A Public Policy Perspective
Authors: Sudrajat Tatang , Supiana Supiana , Zakiah Qiqi Yuliati
Published: October 2021

The diversity of the Indonesian nation in terms of religion, ethnicity, race, local culture, and others is an inevitable reality. It constitutes the nation’s socio-cultural capital, wealth, and potential to advance in which Indonesia can be proud of. But, it can also lead to attitudes and behaviour that damage national integration. Attitudes and behaviour that are tolerant of differences, inclusive, and moderate, especially in religious life, are the main pillars of a strong nation. Currently, the attitudes and behaviour of certain groups of citizens and individuals show the opposite and these dominate the Indonesian public sphere. Using normative juridical methods and literature, this article examines the religious moderation program launched by the Indonesian government under the coordination of the Ministry of Religious Affairs as an effort to deal with the rising religious intolerance and violence in Indonesia. From a public policy perspective, this article aims to analyse actors that are involved in the religious moderation program initiated by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Higher education institutions with their resources have the opportunity to support this program. The religious moderation program is an implication of the policy environment that is currently embedded in people's daily lives.
Structural diversity and change in rural Amazonia: a comparative assessment of the technological trajectories based on agricultural censuses (1995, 2006 and 2017)
Authors: Costa Francisco de Assis
Published: October 2021

Abstract By applying methodological notions developed by Costa (2009), the present article sets out to define rural techno-productive trajectories in the Amazon, and compares their evolution with data from the agricultural censuses of 1995, 2006 and 2017. By highlighting the growth of each trajectory, the article discusses their fundamentals, set within the context of technological variants that have critically depended either on land or on labour, and were relatively intense, either in mechanical-chemical components or in the use of forest resources or permanent plantations. The results have underlined the significance that trajectories based on temporary crops and beef cattle have assumed within the region, as well as the risks and structural changes that this has involved. Results have also demonstrated the contrast represented by trajectories based on agroforestry systems and permanent crops.
THE EXISTENCE AND PROOF OF CUSTOMARY MARRIAGES FOR PURPOSES OF ROAD ACCIDENT FUND CLAIMS
Authors: IP Maithufi  , JC Bekker
Published: October 2021

Not applicable
BITTER AND TWISTED? ON PERSONAL INJURY CLAIMS, PREDATORY FEES AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE
Authors: Daleen Millard  , Yvette Joubert
Published: October 2021

This article explores the nature and extent of contingency-fee agreements in light of Justin John Bitter NO v Ronald Bobroff & Partners Inc v The Road Accident Fund (Case Number 11069/13 (GLDJ)). The case in question viewed the nature of a contingency fee agreement and determined that a contingency fee agreement is only valid if it meets the requirements of the Contingency Fees Act 66 of 1997. In addition, the court expressed itself strongly against the use of the so-called “common law contingency agreement”. This article analyses the case in question and then proceeds to evaluate the statutorily prescribed agreement. It argues that the Contingency Fees Act is not user-friendly and that the prescribed contingency fees agreement may be greatly improved by redrafting it in plain language. In addition, the new Legal Practice Act 2 of 2014 supports the sentiments that were expressed in the Bitter case, but as it does not repeal the Contingency Fees Act, problems with plain language and drafting of contingency fee agreements remain. While this article agrees with the Bitter case, it stresses that it is imperative for the contingency fee agreements to be redrafted in plain language, which implies an overhaul of the Contingency Fees Act. In the final instance it is recommended that even though contingency fee agreements are controversial, they do play an important part in providing indigent litigants with access to justice. These agreements should, however, be strictly enforced in order to ensure that clients are not exploited.
MATERNITY, PATERNITY AND PARENTAL LEAVE AND THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE CHILD MIA v State Information Technology Agency (Pty) Ltd [2015] JOL 33060 (LC)
Authors: Andrea Bauling
Published: October 2021

Since the enactment of Chapter 19 of the Children’s Act 38 of 2005 and the decision in Ex parte WH (2011 (6) SA 514 (GNP)) it has become possible for homosexual partners, or spouses in terms of a civil union (as regulated by the Civil Union Act 17 of 2006) to enter into surrogate-motherhood agreements. The effect of such an agreement would be that the spouses/partners become the biological parents of the child born of surrogacy. All children, regardless of their parentage or manner of conception, have the constitutionally enshrined right to “family care or parental care” (s 28(1)(b) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996) and the best interests of the child should always be regarded as “of paramount importance in every matter concerning the child” (s 28(2)). It is in light of the acknowledgment of these rights of both homosexual parents, and children begotten from surrogacy, that the case of MIA v State Information Technology Agency (Pty) Ltd ([2015] JOL 33060 (LC) (hereinafter “MIA”)) came before the Labour Court. In MIA a male commissioning parent successfully claimed maternity leave in terms of a surrogate-motherhood agreement. The judgment effectively illustrates the superiority of the Constitution and the prominence of the best interests of the child in all matters relating to children. Determining the best interests of the child requires a process of balancing the rights, duties and interests of the parties to the surrogate-motherhood agreement, as well as that of the greater society. Surrogate-motherhood agreements affect various areas of the law relating to children and families. The problem, however, lies therein that law is often seen as compartmentalised and unrelated to, or unaffected by the Bill of Rights and the Constitution. In MIA, the Court based its decision on the constitutionally protected rights of both parent and child and highlighted the intertwined nature of these rights. In this case the author will address the facts and decision in MIA, as well as progressive and problematic matters arising from the judgment. Thereafter, I shall evaluate the White Paper on Families (approved by Cabinet on 26 June 2013) and how it relates to the importance of the family as a social institution. I shall also discuss the potential implications of the judgment and the White Paper on Families for maternity, paternity and parental leave in South Africa.
THE EFFECTS OF ANTENATAL PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLES EXERCISES ON THE LENGTH OF THE SECOND STAGE OF LABOR AMONG PRIMIGRAVIDA WOMEN ATTENDING SULAIMANI MATERNITY TEACHING HOSPITALS FOR DELIVERY
Authors: Ali Shaghayegh , Mohammed Atiya
Published: October 2021

Background 

The role of pelvic floor muscle training in decreasing urinary incontinence problems is well established but its effects on labor and newborn outcomes need more study.

Objectives 

To evaluate the effect of pelvic floor muscle exercises on the length of the second stage of labor among primigravida women. 

Methods

This is a quasi-experimental study done from February to November 2019, which recruited 160 Primigravida Women aged between 18-35-year-old and matched the inclusion criteria. The participants were qualified and included in the study with 18 weeks of gestational age. Thus study group started the training as 6 sessions of 2-hour training established and distributed through 20 weeks. Then, all participants were observed during labor by the researcher. Subsequently, the collected data got processed, and the experimental and the control group delivery outcomes got compared.

Results

Highly significant difference regarding education (70.0% of the study group had Institute-College degree while the rate in the control group was 39.0%), occupation (62.0% of the study group and 87.0% of the control group were housewives), economic status (80.0% of the study group were economically satisfied while this rate in the control group was 8.8.0%). There was a significant difference regarding the duration of the second stage of labor (p=0.05) and the third stage of labor (p=0.001), while there was a difference at the edge of significance (p=0.056) between both groups in the first stage of labor. 

Conclusion

This quasi-experimental study found a significant effect of pelvic floor exercise on the length of the second stage of labor.
THE ROLE OF INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB ON CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA
Authors: Hamasalh Bakhtiar , Mirza Tablo , Abdulla Fazil
Published: October 2021

Background 

Cystoid macular edema (CME) is an intracellular accumulation of fluid in the retinal layers around the fovea; it contributes to reducing visual acuity by altering the functional cell relationship in the retina.

Objectives 

To detect the role of intravitreal Bevacizumab (Avastin) on decreasing central retinal thickness in patients with cystoid macular edema. 

Materials and Methods

In a prospective study in Shaheed Dr. Aso Eye Hospital in As-Suleimanyah city, 65 patients with macular edema by Ocular coherent tomography (OCT) included, after a single intravitreal avastin injection, we repeated the OCT after 2 weeks & 3 months after the injection.

Results

Central retinal thickness was greatly decreased in Diabetic patients and CRVO during the follow-up period, but a lesser effect was seen in BRVO. The immediate response was seen in ARMD after 2 weeks. Central retinal thickness decreased more in those patients who received Avastin alone than patients treated by Avastin with Laser photocoagulation. There was no significant improvement of visual acuity in the patients after IVTA injection 

Conclusion

Avastin is an effective drug in decreasing central retinal thickness and delaying its complications mostly in patients with Diabetic retinopathy and CRVO, and reduces the need for LASER therapy in these patients.
To the study of the so-called cross innervation
Authors: Vishnevsky A. V.
Published: October 2021

These cross-innervations in relation to the rectum were first expressed by Fellner in his work "Die Bewegungs und Hemmungsnerven des Rectum", which came out of Basch's laboratory in Vienna in 1883
BODIPY-DERIVATIVES AS PHOTOSENSITIZERS IN PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES AND LIGHT ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Nga , Doan Thuy Duong , NGuyen Thi Thu Ha
Published: October 2021

In this study, the structural and electronic properties of BODIPY and its twelve derivates, including meso-amino, meso-alkoxy, meso-phenyl, meso-alkyl and other compounds, were investigated using an accurate and broadly parametrized self-consistent tight-binding quantum chemical method named GFN2-xTB. The influence of the substituent groups on the geometrical parameters, the HOMOLUMO gap, and electronic properties of BODIPYs was analyzed. The obtained results have shown that the presence of substituents at the R2 position did not significantly change the structural parameters of BODIPY. The electron-acceptor or electron-donor substituents in the meso-position have different effects on the electronic parameters of the molecules. A correlation between the global electrophilicity index and the HOMO-LUMO gap was found. Among the studied systems, the BODIPY-derivative with a -NO2 group at the meso-position was evaluated as the most promising candidate for photosensitizers in PDT.
Psychological features of perception and understanding of the text by adolescents
Authors: Zhedunova Lyudmila G. , Posysoev Nikolay N.
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the problem of perception and understanding of the text by adolescents. The difficulties associated with partial perception and, accordingly, the inability to perceive the text in full are analyzed. The authors substantiate the expediency of the formation of the ability to decentrate in children based on the material of academic disciplines
Гражданская идентичность как основа устойчивости к негативному информационно-психологическому воздействию в условиях конституционной реформы
Authors: Drogavtseva Ekaterina A. , Kurdyukova Victoria Y.
Published: October 2021

The relevance of the study is due to the need of rethinking the role and significance of civil identity for a person, a citizen and for civil society in modern Russia, taking into account the latest changes in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The authors carried out a comprehensive analysis of the essence of the phenomenon under consideration from the point of view of the science of Constitutional Law and Legal Psychology, which is caused by the increased demand for interdisciplinary scientific works.
The Efficacy of Antipsychotics in the treatment of Physical Aggressive behavior in Patients with Dementia in Nursing Homes
Authors: Koolmees H Abdullah
Published: October 2021

Patients with dementia often suffer from behavioral changes. A common behavioral change is acute physical aggressive behavior which is the most distressing change. This can lead to harm, which is especially problematic in nursing homes. Despite the serious safety concerns, antipsychotics are often prescribed to combat this problem. This article is aimed to review the evidence of the efficacy of utilizing antipsychotics in acutely treating physical aggressive behavior in patients with dementia in nursing homes. Therefore, a systematic literature search was performed. The results included a meta-analysis confirmed statistically significant reduction in physical aggression when risperidone was compared to placebo. On the other hand, a randomized controlled trial showed no change in physical aggressive behavior between quetiapine and placebo. More research is needed to fully investigate the benefits on physical aggressive behavior and safety concerns of all the antipsychotics in patients with dementia in nursing homes.
Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using Topical Oxygen Therapy: A
Case Series
Authors: Tabanjeh Sinan F. , Al-Malki Talal , Alhazzani Abdulmajeed R. , Robert Asirvatham A.
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim:

Surgical and endovascular revascularization procedures along
with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) and topical oxygen therapy (TOT) for chronic oxygen-deprived
wounds are standard care treatment protocols for diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Topical developments
in the delivery of topical oxygen therapy have made this a more feasible treatment in practice.
The present case series highlights the efficacy of NATROX therapy as TOT in wound healing
and the impact of increased oxygenation on ulcer healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.

Methods:

The TOT was evaluated in 6 patients with DFU who have applied NATROX topical oxygen
delivery system for a period ranging from 6 weeks to 24 weeks at Kahel Specialized Centre, located
in Olaya, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Results:

The administration of TOT demonstrated complete wound healing in all the six patients
who either had ulcers with minor amputation of toes/heel or had ulcers with other comorbidities in
a range from 3 to 8 weeks.

Conclusion:

NATROX therapy is an advanced topical oxygen delivery system compared to other
conventional oxygen delivery systems; however, the study warrants further research to assess its potential
applicability in DFU wound healing in large sample size and across the races.
An Exploratory Digital Board Game Approach to the Review and Reinforcement of Complex Medical Subjects Like Anatomical Education: Cross-sectional and Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Tan Jun Wen , Ng Kian Bee , Mogali Sreenivasulu Reddy
Published: October 2021

Background

Serious games have the potential to resolve educational problems faced by medical students, such as insufficient rehearsal due to boredom and lack of motivation. However, serious games’ relatively novel concepts in science and many genres of games that are common in recreation remain underresearched in the literature. Board games are one such genre that, despite their potential, affordability, and flexibility, are rarely designed for medical students, and little is known about student perceptions of them and their compatibility with rehearsal.

Objective

In this cross-sectional study, we sought to elicit, via an exploratory mixed methods approach, student perceptions of a digital serious board game specifically designed for the gamified rehearsal of complex medical subjects, with the chosen topic of anatomy.

Methods

A digital serious board game, based on self-determination theory (SDT), was first designed and developed to facilitate the rehearsal of anatomy information. Students were then voluntarily recruited to partake in the intervention and were randomly split into three teams of 2 players per game session, after which they were administered the Flow Short Scale (FSS), which is a 13-item measure where items were rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (“not at all”) to 7 (“very much”). Students then participated in a focus group discussion to elicit their perceptions of the game. Findings from the FSS were subject to descriptive analysis, and the focus group discussion was subject to inductive thematic analysis.

Results

A total of 12 undergraduate, second-year medical students from the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine in Singapore participated in the study. FSS results indicated a moderate level of overall flow (mean score 4.94, SD 1.07) via the subdomains of fluency (mean score 4.77, SD 1.13) and absorption (mean score 5.21, SD 1.1). Students perceived the game as fun, enjoyable, engaging, and appropriate as a rehearsal tool that alleviated the monotony of traditional methods of rehearsal.

Conclusions

Our digital board game–based rehearsal tool, when based on SDT, appeared to be suitable for gamified rehearsal in a fun and enjoyable environment due to its facilitation of intrinsic motivation in its players.
Inculcation of Spiritual Education in Pupils of Preschool Educational Institutions
Authors: Mamatov Makhmut
Published: October 2021

Annotation: Analysis of the theory and practice of promoting the spiritual and moral formation and development of preschool children has allowed to approach the construction of a model of spiritual and moral education of children in preschool education. Theoretical modeling, as well as the development of program and methodological materials on spiritual and moral education for use in the work with children, teachers and parents of kindergarteners, is also in this direction today as student studies were conducted Keywords: Spiritual and moral education, modern education, stages of development, national socio-cultural traditions,
The Influence of the Pastor's Ability according to Ephesians 4:1-16 on the Spiritual Maturity of the Baptist Church Congregations in the Yogyakarta Region
Authors: Ristiono Yosua Budi , Suparti Hana , Purwoko Paulus Sentot , Sukarna Timotius
Published: October 2021

The shepherd has a very important role in God's purpose for His church. A shepherd should have the equipping ability as described in Ephesians 4:12a. This ability is manifested in two ways, namely: equipping the congregation with knowledge and experience of faith. The process of equipping the congregation will lead the Lord's congregation to spiritual maturity which is characterized by the unity of the spirit, the correct knowledge of the Son of God, full maturity and a level of growth that is in accordance with the fullness of Christ. The results of the research conducted using the quantitative research method concluded that the ability of the pastor to equip the congregation based on Ephesians 4:1-16 had a significant effect on the spiritual maturity of the Baptist church congregations in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.
Job’s Protest to God in Job 10:1-22 and Its Resonance in Contemporary Suffering in Africa
Authors: Ijezie Luke Emehielechukwu
Published: October 2021

This essay addresses the anguish of Job which he pours out in Job 10. Job’s anguish is heightened by the fact that he does not know why he is suffering. He directs his protest to God whom he believes knows everything and judges the deepest intentions of human heart. How can God who is the sole author of life and judges rightly be responsible for this unjustifiable torment of the life a righteous man? This study examines the different outpourings of Job’s anguished heart and sees them as the epitome of the anguish of a whole group that passes through unjust suffering. The approach adopted in the study is exegetical but with practical pastoral concerns.
Tempo objectivo e experiência do tempo--A Fenomenologia husserliana do Tempo perante a Relatividade Restrita de A. Einstein
Authors: Alves Pedro M. S.
Published: October 2021

In this paper, I start with the opposition between the husserlian project of a phenomenology of the experience of time, started in 1905, and the mathematical and physical theory of time, as it comes out from the special theory of relativity, by Einstein, in the same year. Although the contrast between the two approaches is apparent, my aim is to show that the original program of Husserl’s time theory is the constitution of an objective time and a time of the world, starting from the intuitive giveness of time, i.e., from time as it appears. To show this, I stress the structural similarity between the original question of time, by Husserl, and the problem of a phenomenology of the space constitution, as it was first developed in the husserlian manuscripts of the XIX century, in which we find the threefold question of the origin of our space representation, of the geometrization of intuitive space and the constitution of transcendent world space. Finally, I reconsider some of Husserl’s main theses about the phenomenological constitution of objective time in the light of the main results of special relativity time-theory, introducing several corrections to central assumptions that underlie Husserl’s theory of time.
Husserl e a história--Sobre o “Im Zickzack Vor- Und Zurückgehen”, no § 9 da Crise das Ciências Europeias
Authors: Morujão Carlos
Published: October 2021

O presente ensaio procura compreender a concepção husserliana da história a partir de conceitos tais como Urstiftung, Wiedererinnerung e Nachstiftung. Tentar-se-á, não só perceber as razões subjacentes à concepção teleológica da história, presente no livro da Crise (e nos textos que Ihe andam associados) e na Conferência de Viena de 1935, bem como o tipo de concepção do tempo histórico que é correlativa dela, mas também, sobretudo, detectar a possibilidade - a partir dos textos mesmos de Husserl - de uma outra concepção, mais apta a exprimir a novidade e a contingência.
Notas sobre Referência e Intencionalidade: Frege e Husserl
Authors: Soares Maria Luísa Couto
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to present an approach to Frege and Husserl’s theories of meaning in order to integrate meaning in the broader context of intentionality.

Intentionality and reference are two notions with affinities, despite their pertaining to different but not separated areas. . .

When comparing Frege and Husserl’s theories of meaning and intentionality we may provide a fruitful and enriching perspective: some problems and concepts of Husserl’s thought may be elucidated if confronted with those of Frege. On the other hand, Husserl’s theories of meaning and intentionality provide a broader and far-reaching scope to Frege’s ideas on meaning..

Husserl’s concept of intentionality provides a new perspective which allows to overcome some of the impasses of Frege’s theory of meaning.
O Triplo Sentido de Conteúdo Intencional
Authors: Fernandes Sérgio
Published: October 2021

The content of a mental act- a pivotal element of a theory of intentionality- has a threefold meaning: as a logical concept, is the ideal signification, as a psychological concept, is the core of a noema (i.e., the instantiation of an ideal and as an ontological concept, is the object (real or unreal) intented by the nucleus.

We can make a parallel between this Husserlian threefold distinction and the Fregean sense/”reference” distinction, reducing it to the sense/object distinction. This paralleism is not to force the Husserl’s thought to Frege’s, but, on the contrary, to show the structure of the triple meaning of content: Husserl mtroduces the difference between ideal signification and instantiated signification, so the pure and Simple signification and the noematic sense are species of the genus sense. Husserl’s theory of intentionality and his philosophy of language does not go Frege, but beyond. The recognition of that allows us to see the error of Føesdal’s mterpretation, as while as those of Sartre and Gurwitsch.

The Fregean sense/”reference” distinction is subsumed by the Husserlian conceptual trio ideal signification/noematic sense/object. This triad of concepts houses not only a semantic theory (as Frege’s pair), but also a theory of a theory of perception. Husserl integrates its semantics in a theory of of consciousness that overcomes the intentio doctrines ofBrentano, Twardowsk1 and the medievals.
O Desenvolvimento da Crítica Husserliana ao Psicologismo após as Investigações Lógicas
Authors: Porta Mário Ariel González
Published: October 2021

The present text reviews the treatment of psychologism after the ‘Logical Investigations’. Its aim is to fill a gap in the Husserl an research about this topic, which focusing on the above-mentioned work, provides a homogenous treatment of the later position without considering the possibility of evolution. A primary result of our investigatión is the distinction of six stages in the above-mentioned development. These are established in correlation to the development in connected themes such as the theory of psychology, of the reduction and of the self-constitution of subjectivity. In this context, the Husserlian around 1927 concerning the idea of an final understanding and final overcoming of the transcendental psychologism stands out, as does the later identification in ‘Crisis’ between transcendental phenomenology and psychology. Such identification revises the presupposition present :from 1906 onwards that· included in the context of a regional ontology, which puts aside the idea, decisive in 1927 of a ‘refined’ transcendental psychologism made possible by the development of this psychology.
A Critica Heideggeriana da Fenomenologia de Husserl
Authors: da Silva Rui Sampaio
Published: October 2021

The philosophical relation between Husserl and Heidegger is a milestone in the 20th century philosophy. On the one hand, Husserl preserved the notions of subject and consciousness, avoiding naïve misconceptions of these notions and clearing new paths for philosophical investigation. On the other hand, Heidegger, departing from a criticai dialogue with Husserl’s phenomenology, challenged key presuppositions of modern philosophy by investigating the social and pragmatic dimension ofkllowledge and intentionality.
Ultimate Compressive Strength Assessment of Uncleaned and Cleaned Corroded Plates with Locked Crack
Authors: Woloszyk Krzysztof , Garbatov Yordan
Published: October 2021

The work presented here investigates the structural response of cleaned corroded plates, subjected to compressive load in the presence of a locked crack, where the change of mechanical properties as a result of corrosion development and the cleaning process is also accounted for. A Finite Element model for assessing the compressive strength, considering geometric and material nonlinearities, is developed, and the analysed plates are compared with the available experimental data. An experimental design plan is generated using the Design of Experiments techniques, which quantifies the influence of the governing variables and their interactions with respect to the plate’s ultimate compressive strength. With a limited number of observations, the most significant effects are identified. The corrosion degradation is revealed to be the most crucial effect leading to an effective strength reduction. It was found that, in the case of a corroded plate with a locked crack subjected to a compressive load, the most severe case is when the crack is transversely oriented. The strength reduction is slightly lower than when the corrosion degradation and the presence of a crack are considered to be a simple summation of these two effects but acting separately. The outcome of the analysis is the development of several empirical formulations that allow a fast estimation of the ultimate strength of a corroded plate, subjected to compressive load in the presence of a locked crack, accounting for different cleaning.
Cell Cycle Regulatory CCND1 G870A Gene Polymorphism and Periodontitis-Induced Oral Cancer: A Risk Analysis
Authors: Khan Mahvish , Khan Saif , Mandal Raju K. , Mahto Hari S. , Lohani Mohtashim , Ahmad Saheem , Sherwani Subuhi , Jandrajupalli Suresh B. , Haque Shafiul
Published: October 2021

Strong association has been recently observed between periodontitis/gingivitis and Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A high incidence of oral cancer has been reported in the case of chronic periodontitis. Recently Cell cycle regulatory /Senescence genes have been associated with Gingivitis/ Periodontitis susceptibility. Cyclin D1 is one such cell cycle regulatory gene. Several findings have reported that Cyclin D1 (CCND1) G870A Single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with oral cancer (OC) risk, but yielded inconsistent data across different studies. This meta-analysis explores the precise relationship between CCND1 G870A polymorphism and OC risk. PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, & Google Scholar databases were searched for eligible studies and pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Newcastle-Ottawa analysis was done for selected articles quality assessment, bias in publication (if any) was estimated through Funnel plots and Egger’s test. Pooled analysis from eleven eligible studies suggests that CCND1 G870A polymorphism is not significantly associated with OC risk. Sub-group analysis by ethnicity failed to show any association. Sequential single study omission was performed to determine the credibility and resilience of the inferences drawn.
Mutations in the KRAS gene as a predictive biomarker of therapeutic response in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Jugović Dragana , Nikolić Marija Vukelić , Madić Višnja , Branković Ljiljana , Milićević Radovan , Stanojević Goran , Vasiljević Perica
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Despite the important role of general KRAS mutational status in the selection of an adequate therapeutic protocol in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), studies that focus on its specific mutations and their significance on progression of disease are scarce. This study aimed to determine the significance of specific KRAS mutations in response to standard chemotherapy protocols with oxaliplatin-based (FOLFOX 4, OXFL) in the first-line and irinotecan-based chemotherapy (FOLFIRI, IFL) in the second-line therapy, and to evaluate the correlation between these mutations and clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients.

Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from the FFPE tumour tissue sections while the KRAS mutation test was performed by using PCR methods.

Results: Prevalence of KRAS gene mutations in CRC patients was 45%. Mutated KRAS was more frequent in later stages of tumor infiltrations (P =0.0017), on the right side of the colon (P= 0.0044), and in patients who developed metastases in the first 6 months after CRC diagnosis than in patients who developed metastases after 24 months (P=0.0083). In a group of patients with a poor therapeutic response to standard chemotherapy the most frequent mutations in KRAS gene were G12D and G12V (63.88%), while in a group of patients with a good response to therapeutic protocols the most prevalent mutation was G12A (66.66%).

Conclusion: Our results indicate that there was a significant difference in biological behaviour between tumours harboring different mutations in KRAS gene. Overall, mutation G12A could be a novel prognostic biomarker for CRC patients treated with standard chemotherapy.
Znaczenie leasingu jako źródła finansowania działalności i rozwoju przedsiębiorstw
Authors: Nesterowicz Renata , Nesterowicz Aleksandra
Published: October 2021

Wiele podmiotów w trakcie rozpoczynania działalności oraz podczas jej prowadzenia poszukuje niezbędnego im do rozwoju kapitału. Jednym z najpopularniejszych źródeł zewnętrznego finansowania na rynku polskim i na rynku światowym jest leasing. Korzyści wynikające z finansowania działalności gospodarczej leasingiem sprawiły, iż na tę formę pozyskania kapitału decyduje się coraz większa liczba podmiotów zarówno w naszym kraju, jak i w całej Unii Europejskiej (UE). Struktura przedmiotowa branży leasingowej niezmiennie od lat zdominowana jest przez leasing samochodów osobowych, natomiast najmniej umów leasingowych dotyczy nieruchomości. Analizując strukturę rynku leasingu w Polsce, można dotrzeć do informacji, które pokazują proces wdrażania tej formy finansowania, jej rozwój na przełomie kilkudziesięciu lat, a także pozycję, na której rynek leasingu w naszym kraju uplasował się w rankingach światowych. Ważną cechą tego rodzaju finansowania jest to, że nie wpływa ono na ocenę zdolności kredytowej firmy, gdyż operacja leasingowa nie jest traktowana w bilansie jako zobowiązanie. Jednak w ostatnich miesiącach, jak donoszą publikacje Związku Polskiego Leasingu (ZPL), na rynku leasingu negatywnie odbiła się pandemia koronawirusa. Okazało się, iż leasingobiorcy od momentu ogłoszenia pierwszego przypadku zachorowania w Polsce zaczęli masowo rezygnować z rozpoczętych już rozmów na temat leasingu oraz wycofywać wnioski. Duża część korzystających z leasingu musiała nagle zawiesić swoją działalność gospodarczą. Według danych ZPL, marzec 2020 r. w porównaniu z marcem 2019 r. zapisał się blisko 32-procentowym spadkiem wartości rynku leasingu.
Predictors and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hypoxemia in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Akinbolagbe Yeside Olubunmi , Otrofanowei Erere , Akase Iorhen Ephraim , Akintan Patricia E. , Ima-Edomwonyi Uyiekpen E. , Olopade Bolaji O. , Agabi Osigwe Paul , Nmadu Danladi A. , Akinbode Gbemileke O. , Opawoye Adefolarin , Olasope Aramide C. , Ogundare Adewale , Bolarinwa Bukunmi A , Otokiti Elizabeth O. , Enajeroh Precious J , Karami Moses , Esezobor Chris
Published: October 2021

Objectives:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the current public health concern. Hypoxemia has been identified as an independent risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients regardless of age or sex. This study therefore aimed to assess the profile of COVID-19 patients with hypoxemia in Lagos, Nigeria and identify their associated socio-demographic and clinical risk factors, predictors, and outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study in which data were extracted from medical records of real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19 positive patients admitted between April and October 2020. Data extracted included age, sex, comorbidities, disease category/classification, symptoms, lowest oxygen saturation (SPO2), and outcomes. Bivariate analysis was done to test associations between hypoxemia and other variables. Multivariate analysis was done to determine significant predictors of hypoxemia.

Results:

A total of 266 patients were included in the study; mean (SD) 49.80 (± 16.68) years. Hypoxemia (lowest SPO2 ≤ 90 in adults and < 92% in children) was found in 102 (38.3 %) of the cases. SPO2 of hypoxemic patients ranged from 33% to 90%, Mean ±SD of 77±13%. About half of the hypoxemic cases, 53 (52%) were ≥ 60 years and mostly male 70 (68.6%). Difficulty breathing was present in 56 (55%), while the common comorbidities were hypertension 86 (32.3%) and diabetes mellitus 47 (17.7%). Age ≥ 60, difficulty breathing, and fever were independent predictors of hypoxemia. Hypoxemia was significantly associated with death (X2-42.13; P < 0.001); odds ratio 14.5 (95% CI: 5.4–38.8).

Conclusion:

Hypoxemia occurred in 1 out of every 3 COVID-19 patients with poor prognosis. SPO2 monitoring and early presentation in hospital for those 60 years and above or with dyspnea may be essential for early identification and treatment of hypoxemia to reduce mortality.
Innovative Modified of Cu-Al/C (C = Biochar, Graphite) Composites for Removal of Procion Red from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wijaya Alfan , Siregar Patimah Mega Syah Bahar Nur , Priambodo Aldi , Palapa Neza Rahayu , Taher Tarmizi , Lesbani Aldes
Published: October 2021

Innovative modification of Cu-Al/C composites was synthesized by coprecipitation method at pH 10 and added biochar (BC) and graphite (GF) to form Cu-Al/BC and Cu-Al/GF composites. Pristine and composites were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, Thermalgravimetric, and surface area using the BET method. The XRD diffraction and FTIR spectrum of Cu-Al/BC and Cu-Al/GF showed that the composite material from LDH, biochar, and graphite was successfully prepared. Modified LDH were surface area higher than the pristine, which obtained 200.90 m2/g and 18.83 m2/g for Cu-Al/BC and Cu-Al/GF respectively. Cu-Al/BC and Cu-Al/GF were tested for selectivity on several anionic dyes, it was known that procion red (PR) dye was more easily adsorbed than other anionic dyes. Materials were applied as adsorbents of procion red (PR) dye. The advantages of composites were evaluated by the regeneration process of adsorbent on PR. The result of composite toward PR re-adsorption process showed that Cu-Al/BC and Cu-Al/GF had structural stability higher than starting materials until five cycles process. Furthermore, materials were applied as adsorbents of procion red (PR) dye. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 93.458 mg/g for Cu-Al/BC and 49.505 mg/g for Cu-Al/GF. Both innovative modified composites have shown effective adsorbents to the removal of PR from an aqueous solution.
Polyisoprenoid Distribution in Stems and Leaves of Pinus Merkusii Strains
Authors: Lestari Nur Indah , Amelia Rizka , Basyuni Mohammad
Published: October 2021

Living things produce secondary metabolites, one of which is abundant in plants, namely polyisoprenoid alcohol compounds. Polyisoprenoids are also found in plants with different chain lengths. The distribution of polyisoprenoid compounds (dolichol and polyprenol) was found in the leaf and stem tissues of Pinus merkusii strains derived from Aceh, Tapanuli and Kerinci. The extracted samples were analyzed by the two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (2D-TLC) method. The distribution of dolichol and polyprenol compounds on the stems and leaves of Aceh, Tapanuli and Kerinci pines provided a type II categorization, both dolichol and polyprenol were traced in pine tissues. Total lipids in stem tissue ranged from 564.4-58.9 mg/g dw, polyisoprenoid values ranged from 1.34-2.44 mg/g dw. In the leaves, total lipids ranged from 590 to 669.43 mg/g dw while polyisoprenoid values ranged from 1.29 to 5.70 mg/g dw. The dolichol carbon chain length in the Pine stem of strain composed C70-C90, C65-C90, and C65-C95. Meanwhile, carbon chain-length of C85-C105, C70-C95, and C50-C65 were found in leaf tissues. The length of the polyprenol carbon chain in the stem was C60-C90, C50-C90, and C70-C90 respectively, while the chain lengths on the leaves were C60-C115, C50-C95, and C30-C90. The present study suggested the presence of both dolichol and polyprenols in Pinus merkusii without predomination either dolichol or polyprenol.
ZnAl-Humic Acid Composite as Adsorbent of Cadmium(II) From Aqueous Solution
Authors: Rahmadan Jeri , Parhusip Veronika , Palapa Neza Rahayu , Taher Tarmizi , Mohadi Risfidian , Lesbani Aldes
Published: October 2021

The modified ZnAl composites with humic acid (HA/ZnAl composite) were a coprecipitation method used as an adsorbent to remove cadmium(II) in an aqueous solution. The synthesized material was characterized using SEM-EDX, FTIR, and XRD. From the analysis using XRD, there is a widening peak at an angle of 2???? (24°), FTIR analysis there is a new peak at 1000 cm−1 and 1220 cm−1 and SEM analysis show that there is a change in surface morphology due to more aggregated particles. The experimental results on HA/ZnAl composite followed the PSO model, where the cadmium(II) removal process was chemical adsorption. The adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir model where adsorption occurs in a monolayer and maximum adsorption capacity was obtained 38.76 mg/g higher than pristine. Thermodynamics of the adsorption process of cadmium(II) in an aqueous solution occurred spontaneously where G < 0 at all temperatures and endothermic properties were tested. The performance of the HA/ZnAl composite showed that strong potential as an adsorbent of low cost, high efficiency, easy operation, and good reusability. The cadmium(II) was absorbed on the surface of HA/ZnAl composite by surface complexation and chelating interactions, and surface complexation was the main route of cadmium(II) removal. In addition, HA/ZnAl composite has excellent treatment efficiency in actual aqueous solution.
Polyisoprenoid Compounds from Tropical Fruit Trees in Universitas Sumatera Utara Campus
Authors: Rizkiany Muttia Chandraputri , Amelia Rizka , Bimantara Yuntha , Sagami Hiroshi , Basyuni Mohammad
Published: October 2021

Tropical trees are a source of secondary metabolite compounds that have various biological activities that can help human life both for industrial and pharmaceutical needs. One of the secondary metabolites is polyisoprenoid. This study aims to identify and analyze polyisoprenoid compounds quantitatively from tropical fruit trees at the Universitas Sumatera Utara. Nine samples of tropical fruit were obtained, namely: Psidium guajava, Tamarindus indica, Manilkara kauki, Morinda citrifolia, Mangifera indica, Artocarpus communis, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Gmelina arborea, and Syzygium aqueum. Each sample was extracted and isolated the polyisoprenoid alcohol, then analyzed using two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. The polyisoprenoid in fruit samples found at the Universitas Sumatera Utara was a type II and III polyisoprenoid compound. The total lipid values ranged from 48.7 mg/g dw to 262.9 mg/g dw, polyisoprenoids ranged from 1.2 mg/g dw to 9.5 mg/g dw, and polyprenols ranged from 0.5 mg/g dw to 5.7 mg/g dw. Carbon chain length and dolichol polyprenol lengths of each fruit were collected (Psidium guajava L.) (C70 C80), (Tamarindus indica L.) (C80 C95), (Manilkara kauki L.) (C80 C95 and C70 C90), (Morinda citrifolia L.) (C75 C100), (Mangifera indica L.) (C80 C90 and C75 C90), (Artocarpus communis) (C75 C95), (Artocarpus heterophyllus) (C70 C75 and C70 C100), (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) (C90 C95), and (Syzygium aqueum) (C65 C90 and C75 C90).