bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Semi-Arid Environment: Implications of Climate Change
Authors: El Mountassir Otman , Bahir Mohammed , Hakimi Samir , Faraj Turki kh. , Carreira Paula M.
Published: November 2024

The hydrogeochemical properties and evolution of groundwater in the Essaouira syncline basin in northwestern Morocco were investigated in this study, with a total of 447 samples during different campaigns (April 2017, May 2018, March 2019, and July 2020). These samples were analyzed for major ions and stable and radioactive water isotopes (δ2H, δ18O, and 3H). With decreasing rainfall from climate change in Morocco, it is crucial to assess the sustainability of groundwater reserves. This shortage leads to the degradation of water and soil quality. To ensure sustainable water management and preserve the environment in the study area, it is necessary to assess groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation, take precautions, and establish management plans. This study assessed groundwater quality using two water quality index methods (WQI and IWQI). Several natural processes control groundwater mineralization, including the dissolution of evaporite and carbonate minerals, cation exchange phenomena, evaporation, and seawater intrusion. According to the results obtained using the WQI method, all groundwater samples in the study area are generally of poor quality and must be treated before being used for domestic purposes. Based on the results obtained by the IWQI method, the samples are suitable for use as irrigation water, especially for plants resistant to high salinity concentrations. Stable isotope measurements (δ2H and δ18O) indicate that Atlantic precipitation continuously recharges the recharge areas of the Essaouira Basin. Thus, the low values of tritium (3H) in groundwater mean that the freshwater in the Essaouira Basin is ancient.
One Pot Synthesis of New Powerful Building Blocks in 1,8-Naphthalimide Chemistry
Authors: Mutovska Monika , Anastasova Denitsa , Simeonova Natali , Zagranyarska Irena , Vlahova Zlatina , Ugrinova Iva , Stoyanov Stanimir , Zagranyarski Yulian
Published: November 2024

This communication reports a reliable one-pot synthetic protocol for preparation on a multigram scale of 3-bromo- and 3,4-dibromo-6-nitro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride from commercially available and economical 1,8-naphthalic anhydride. The synthetic steps used were nitration and selective bromination in sulfuric acid at room temperature. The reaction takes place under mild conditions and is completely controllable depending on the equivalents of the brominating reagent used. Both anhydrides are powerful building blocks in naphthalimide chemistry. In addition, their imides and esters were also synthesized.
Accelerated Hydrothermal Aging and Degradation Mechanism of PE100 Butt-Fusion Welded Joint
Authors: Chen Yingchun , Li Yanfeng , Yang Jie , Xi Yan
Published: November 2024

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipelines are extensively utilized in energy transportation in the ocean. However, long-term exposure to water can alter the performance of HDPE, potentially leading to pipeline accidents. This study focuses on simulating the aging characteristics of PE100 polyethylene pipeline butt-fusion welded joints (B-FWJs) in water using hydrothermal accelerated aging experiments at various temperature gradients. The performance of the B-FWJ after hydrothermal aging was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), oxidation induction time (OIT), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy, and mechanical testing. Furthermore, this study analyzed the performance characteristics and changes in the micro-molecular chains of an HDPE B-FWJ pipeline following hydrothermal aging. An investigation was conducted into the effects of hydrothermal aging temperature and duration on the physical and chemical characteristics of HDPE B-FWJ, and the aging mechanism under hydrothermal aging conditions was explored. The results indicate that increasing hydrothermal aging temperature leads to a more significant decrease in the mechanical properties of the B-FWJ. These findings contribute to understanding the aging behavior of PE100 pipelines in the joint section and offer insights to mitigate the risks associated with the aging of and damage to B-FWJ pipelines in the ocean.
Enhancing Thermoelectrical Properties of Silver-Nanowire-Embedded Heatable Textiles via Sputter-Mediated Nanowire Structural Modulation
Authors: Lee Chankyoung , Park Jaewoo , Choi Dooho
Published: November 2024

This study addresses the fabrication of flexible, heatable fabrics via the integration of globally interconnected silver nanowires (Ag NWs) with sputter-deposited silver atoms. Conventional heatable fabrics, which utilize macroscale or nanoscale conductive wires, often face challenges in balancing flexibility, comfort, and structural durability. The proposed method leverages the advantages of nanoscale metallic wires and vacuum-based sputtering, maintaining fabric flexibility while enhancing heating efficiency. The fabrication process involves dip-coating polyester fabric with Ag NWs, followed by sputter deposition to modulate the nanowire morphology, thereby improving key electrical properties such as wire resistance and contact resistance between wires. The experimental results demonstrate that sputter-deposited Ag NW fabrics exhibit significantly enhanced heating capability compared to undeposited, otherwise identical counterparts. Further, the fabrics maintain their heating characteristics under repeated mechanical bending and prolonged electrical stress, highlighting their potential for use in wearable electronic applications. This approach offers a promising solution to the limitations of current heatable textile technologies, providing a pathway for the development of comfortable, efficient, and durable heatable fabrics.
High-Performance Concrete from Rubber and Shell Waste Materials: Experimental and Computational Analysis
Authors: Miranda Alejandra , Muñoz Ricardo , Aedo Cristopher , Bustos Flavia , Tuninetti Víctor , Valenzuela Marian , Medina Carlos , Oñate Angelo
Published: November 2024

Waste and its environmental impact have driven the search for sustainable solutions across various industries, including construction. This study explores the incorporation of solid waste in the production of eco-friendly structural concrete, aiming to reduce pollution and promote ecological and sustainable construction practices. In this context, two types of eco-friendly concrete were produced using marine shells and recycled rubber as waste materials and compared with conventional concrete through experimental and computational approaches. The results demonstrated that the concrete with marine shells achieved a compressive strength of 32.4 MPa, 26.5% higher than conventional concrete, and a 1% reduction in weight. In contrast, the recycled rubber concrete exhibited a compressive strength of 22.5 MPa, with a 2 MPa decrease compared to conventional concrete, but a 4.3% reduction in density. Computational analysis revealed that porosity affects Young’s modulus, directly resulting in a reduction in the maximum achievable strength. This work demonstrates that it is feasible to produce eco-friendly structural concrete through the proper integration of industrial waste, contributing to decarbonization and waste valorization.
Fabrication of CaCO3 Microcubes and Mechanistic Study for Efficient Removal of Pb from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Naseer Ufra , Mushtaq Asim , Ali Muhammad , Ali Moazzam , Ahmad Atif , Yousaf Muhammad , Yue Tianxiang
Published: November 2024

Pb(II) contamination in aquatic environments has adverse effects on humans even at a low concentration, so the efficient removal of Pb at a low cost is vital for achieving an environmentally friendly, sustainable, and healthy society. A variety of CaCO3-based functional adsorbents have been synthesized to remove Pb, but the adsorption capacity is still unsatisfactory. Herein, calcite CaCO3 microcubes/parallelepipeds are synthesized via simple precipitation and a hydrothermal approach and found to outperform previously reported nano-adsorbents considerably. The CaCO3 achieves a high removal efficiency for Pb(II) (>99%) at a very low dosage (0.04–0.1 g/L) and an initial Pb(II) concentration of 100 mg/L. The CaCO3 presents an excellent adsorption capacity of 4018 mg/g for Pb(II) removal and depicts good stability over a wide range of pH 6–11. The maximum adsorption kinetics are fitted well by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, whereas the Freundlich isotherm delineates the adsorption data at equilibrium well, indicating a multilayer adsorption process. The ex situ study confirms that the Pb(II) adsorption mechanism by CaCO3 can be attributed to the rapid metal-ion-exchange reaction between Pb(II) and Ca2+. Furthermore, a red shift in the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy peak from 1386 cm−1 to 1374 cm−1 of CaCO3 after Pb removal indicates the adsorption of Pb onto the surface. This adsorbent provides an opportunity to treat wastewater and can be extended to remove other toxic heavy metals.
Surface Activity of Hydrophobized Modified Starch Hydrolysates in Mixed Systems
Authors: Konował Emilia , Sybis Marta , Prochaska Krystyna
Published: November 2024

The manuscript presents research focusing on the adsorption and emulsion properties of starch hydrolysates modified through acetylation, oxidation, and cross-linking. The techniques used in this study included measurements of equilibrium surface tension (du Noüy ring) dynamic surface tension (drop shape analysis), and the preparation and evaluation of emulsion stability (TURBISCAN). The surface activity of the acetylated starch hydrolysates is affected by the degree of acetylation. The acetylated starch 0.02Ac-H exhibited higher surface activity than the more highly substituted derivative 0.1Ac-H. Furthermore, it was shown that the surface activity of the components increased as the acetylated oxidized starch underwent hydrolysis. The fractions collected after 180 min using a membrane with a low separation capability (8 kDa) revealed the highest capacity for reducing surface tension. In binary systems consisting of starch derivatives and surfactants, synergistic effects in reducing surface tension were particularly noticeable in systems containing ionic surfactants. The addition of a cationic surfactant to the modified starch hydrolysate solution (1:6 mol/mol) resulted in a significantly more efficient saturation of the air/water interface. This study demonstrated that emulsions stabilized with modified starch hydrolysates remained stable over time, even when these hydrolysates constituted up to 60% of the emulsifier mixture.
CFD Analysis on Novel Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)
Authors: Bang Chris Sungkyun , Rana Zeeshan A. , Prince Simon A.
Published: November 2024

The operation of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) to generate low-carbon electricity is growing in popularity. Their advantages over the widely used horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) include their low tip speed, which reduces noise, and their cost-effective installation and maintenance. A Farrah turbine equipped with 12 blades was designed to enhance performance and was recently the subject of experimental investigation. However, little research has been focused on turbine configurations with more than three blades. The objective of this study is to employ numerical methods to analyse the performance of the Farrah wind turbine and to validate the findings in comparison with experimental results. The investigated blade pitch angles included both positive and negative angles of 7, 15, 20 and 40 degrees. The k-ω SST model with the sliding mesh technique was used to perform simulations of a 14.4 million element unstructured mesh. Comparable trends of power output results in the experimental investigation were obtained and the assumptions of mechanical losses discussed. Wake recovery was determined at an approximate distance of nine times the turbine diameter. Two large complex quasi-symmetric vortical structures were observed between positive and negative blade pitch angles, located in the near wake region of the turbine and remaining present throughout its rotation. It is demonstrated that a number of recognised vortical structures are transferred towards the wake region, further contributing to its formation. Additional notable vortical formations are examined, along with a recirculation zone located in the turbine’s core, which is described to exhibit quasi-symmetric behaviour between positive and negative rotations.
Use of Distributed Energy Resources Integrated with the Electric Grid in the Amazon: A Case Study of the Universidade Federal do Pará Poraquê Electric Boat Using a Digital Twin
Authors: Albuquerque Bruno Santana de , Tostes Maria Emília de Lima , Bezerra Ubiratan Holanda , Carvalho Carminda Célia Moura de Moura , Nascimento Ayrton Lucas Lisboa do
Published: November 2024

Electric mobility is a global trend and necessity, with electric and solar boats offering a promising alternative for transportation electrification and carbon emission reduction, especially in the Amazon region. This study analyzes the system of a solar boat from an electric mobility project—to be implemented at Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA)—using MATLAB software for modeling. The Simulink tool was utilized to model the system, focusing on operational parameters such as module voltage, converter voltage, and speed. The results indicate that the solar boat’s operational cost is significantly lower compared to a similar internal combustion model, considering diesel’s high consumption and cost. The environmental impact is also reduced, with nearly 72 tons of CO2 emissions avoided annually, thanks to Brazil’s renewable energy matrix. Simulations confirmed the project’s parameters, demonstrating the efficiency of digital-twin technology in monitoring and predicting system performance. The study underscores the importance of digital twins and renewable energy in promoting sustainable transportation solutions, advocating for the replication of such projects globally. Future research should focus on further advancing digital-twin applications in electric mobility to enhance predictive maintenance and operational efficiency.
Use of Encapsulated Polyphenolic Compounds in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Ben Alaya Ikbel , Alves Gilberto , Lopes João , Silva Luís R.
Published: November 2024

Plant-derived phenolic compounds are recognized to provide several health benefits for humans, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant proprieties. Their bioavailability in the human body has a significant impact on these outcomes. Their bioaccessibility and bioavailability are highly dependent on the structure and manner in which phenolics enter into the organism, through a complex food matrix, for instance, or as pure isolates. Furthermore, the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in the body is greatly impacted by interactions with a broad range of other macromolecules (such as proteins, lipids, dietary fibers, and polysaccharides) in food or during digestion. Encapsulation is a process that can improve bioaccessibility and bioavailability by guaranteeing coating of the active ingredients, controlled release, and targeted distribution to specific parts of the digestive system. However, this field has not yet received enough attention, due to the complex mechanisms through which phenolics act in the body. This review attempts to shed light on the results of research that has been performed on the potential and therapeutic benefits of encapsulated polyphenols in both health and disease.
A Bifurcated Reconnecting Current Sheet in the Turbulent Magnetosheath
Authors: Wang Shimou , Wang Rongsheng , Huang Kai , Guo Jin
Published: November 2024

We report the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observation of a bifurcated reconnecting current sheet in Earth’s dayside magnetosheath. Typical signatures of the ion diffusion region, including sub-Alfvénic demagnetized ion outflow, super-Alfvénic electron flows, Hall magnetic fields, electron heating, and energy dissipation, were found when MMS traversed the current sheet. The weak ion exhaust at the current sheet center was bounded by two current peaks in which super-Alfvénic electron flow directed toward and away from the X line were observed, respectively. Both off-center current peaks were primarily carried by electrons, one of which was supported by field-aligned current, while the other was mainly supported by current driven by electric field drift. The two current peaks also exhibit other differences, including electron heating, electron pitch angle distributions, electron nongyrotropy, energy dissipation, and magnetic field curvature. An ion-scale magnetic flux rope was detected between the two current peaks where electrons showed field-aligned bidirectional distribution, in contrast to field-aligned distribution parallel to the magnetic field in two current peaks. The observed current sheet was embedded in a background shear flow. This shear flow worked together with the guide field and asymmetric field and density to affect the electron dynamics. Our results reveal the reconnection properties in this special plasma and field regime which may be common in turbulent environments.
Optimizing HX-Group Compositions Using C++: A Computational Approach to Dihedral Group Hyperstructures
Authors: Sonea Andromeda Pătraşcu , Chiruţă Ciprian
Published: November 2024

The HX-groups represent a generalization of the group notion. The Chinese mathematicians Mi Honghai and Li Honxing analyzed this theory. Starting with a group (G,·), they constructed another group (G,∗)⊂P∗(G), where P∗(G) is the set of non-empty subsets of G. The hypercomposition “∗” is thus defined for any A, B from G, A∗B={a·b|a∈A,b∈B}. In this article, we consider a particular group, G, to be the dihedral group Dn,n is a natural number, greater than 3, and we analyze the HX-groups with the dihedral group Dn as a support. The HX-groups were studied algebraically, but the novelty of this article is that it is a computer analysis of the HX-groups by creating a program in C++. This code aims to improve the calculation time regarding the composition of the HX-groups. In the first part of the paper, we present some results from the hypergroup theory and HX-groups. We create another hyperstructure formed by reuniting all the HX-groups associated with a dihedral group Dn as a support for a natural fixed number n. In the second part, we present the C++ code created in the Microsoft Visual Studio program, and we provide concrete examples of the program’s application. We created this program because the code aims to improve the calculation time regarding the composition of HX-groups.
The Effect of Network Delay and Contagion on Mobile Banking Users: A Dynamical Analysis
Authors: Donath Liliana Eva , Mircea Gabriela , Neamțu Mihaela , Noja Grațiela Georgiana , Sîrghi Nicoleta
Published: November 2024

This paper analyses how network contagion affects the acceptance or rejection of mobile banking, emphasizing the risk of contagion that hinders the growth of users among bank clients. As a research method, a mathematical model based on the Susceptible, Infected, and Recovered framework is used within a nonlinear dynamic system with a distributed time delay and the optimal control strategy. The approach aims to find the behaviour dynamics of mobile banking users, non-users, and undecided ones. Our model adds value to the existing literature by employing a qualitative dynamic analysis, as opposed to other studies that study contagion empirically. The steady states and their conditions for stability are found, and the critical value for time delay causing oscillatory is determined. The optimal control strategies are identified to enlarge the number of mobile banking users and decrease the number of non-users. Numerical simulations support the theoretical findings. The research has practical implications given that the model predicts mobile banking user behaviour in assisting policy decision-making and addresses the possible policy measures that aim to increase the number of mobile banking users. The conclusions suggest that financial inclusion can contribute to the expansion of mobile banking users.
Novel Fuzzy Ostrowski Integral Inequalities for Convex Fuzzy-Valued Mappings over a Harmonic Convex Set: Extending Real-Valued Intervals Without the Sugeno Integrals
Authors: Alqahtani Mesfer H. , Lou Der-Chyuan , Sikander Fahad , Saber Yaser , Lee Cheng-Chi
Published: November 2024

This study presents new fuzzy adaptations of Ostrowski’s integral inequalities through a novel class of convex fuzzy-valued mappings defined over a harmonic convex set, avoiding the use of the Sugeno integral. These innovative inequalities generalize the recently developed interval forms of real-valued Ostrowski inequalities. Their formulations incorporate integrability concepts for fuzzy-valued mappings (FVMs), applying the Kaleva integral and a Kulisch–Miranker fuzzy order relation. The fuzzy order relation is constructed via a level-wise approach based on the Kulisch–Miranker order within the fuzzy number space. Additionally, numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness and significance of the proposed theoretical model. Various applications are explored using different means, and some complex cases are derived.
The Choice of Optimal Risk Retention Forms from the Perspective of Asymmetric Information
Authors: Zhang Yong , Zhang Jing
Published: November 2024

The risk retention rule requires issuers to retain part of their securities and share the interests of investors. The different forms of risk retention chosen lead to different financing effects of enterprises. In order to explore the optimal choice of risk retention forms in different environments, according to asset pricing theory and asset securitization practice combined with risk retention rules, we obtain issuer payoff models under three forms of risk retention. Through numerical simulation and economic meaning analysis, we draw the following conclusions: hybrid retention can not only alleviate the side effects of horizontal retention but also reduce the proportion of vertical retention, which can improve the issuer payoffs; horizontal retention is more suitable for situations where asset pool losses are small or asset volatility is large, while vertical retention is the opposite. Therefore, we suggest that securities issuers should consider the assets of enterprises and macroeconomic situations to choose the optimal form of risk retention.
The Witten Deformation of the Non-Minimal de Rham–Hodge Operator and Noncommutative Residue on Manifolds with Boundary
Authors: Wu Tong , Wang Yong
Published: November 2024

Under the announcement by Alain Connes that the Wodzicki residue of the inverse square of the Dirac operator is proportional to the Einstein–Hilbert action of general relativity, we derive the Lichnerowicz-type formula for the Witten deformation of the non-minimal de Rham–Hodge operator and the gravitational action in the case of n-dimensional compact manifolds without boundary. Finally, we present the proof of the Kastler–Kalau–Walze-type theorem for the Witten deformation of the non-minimal de Rham–Hodge operator on four- and six-dimensional oriented compact manifolds with boundary.
MRA-VSS: A Matrix-Based Reversible and Authenticable Visual Secret-Sharing Scheme Using Dual Meaningful Images
Authors: Lin Chia-Chen , Chu En-Ting , Chang Ya-Fen , Elbasi Ersin
Published: November 2024

Reversible data hiding (RDH) is an approach that emphasizes the imperceptibility of hidden confidential data and the restoration of the original cover image. To achieve these objectives at the same time, in this paper, we design a matrix-based crossover data hiding strategy and then propose a novel matrix-based RDH scheme with dual meaningful image shadows, called MRA-VSS (matrix-based reversible and authenticable visual secret-sharing). Each pixel in a secret image is divided into two parts, and each part is embedded into a cover pixel pair by referring to the intersection point of four overlapping frames. During the share construction phase, not only partial information of the pixel in a secret image but also authentication codes are embedded into the corresponding cover pixel pair. Finally, two meaningful image shadows are derived. The experimental results confirm that our designed MRA-VSS successfully embeds pixels’ partial information and authentication code into cover pixel pairs at the cost of slight distortion during data hiding. Nevertheless, the robustness of our scheme under the steganalysis attack and the authentication capability of our scheme are also proven.
Pre-Compactness of Sets and Compactness of Commutators for Riesz Potential in Global Morrey-Type Spaces
Authors: Bokayev Nurzhan , Burenkov Victor , Matin Dauren , Adilkhanov Aidos
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we establish sufficient conditions for the pre-compactness of sets in the global Morrey-type spaces GMpθw(·). Our main result is the compactness of the commutators of the Riesz potential b,Iα in global Morrey-type spaces from GMp1θ1w1(·) to GMp2θ2w2(·). We also present new sufficient conditions for the commutator b,Iα to be bounded from GMp1θ1w1(·) to GMp2θ2w2(·). In the proof of the theorem regarding the compactness of the commutator for the Riesz potential, we primarily utilize the boundedness condition for the commutator for the Riesz potential b,Iα in global Morrey-type spaces GMpθw(·), and the sufficient conditions derived from the theorem on pre-compactness of sets in global Morrey-type spaces GMpθw(·).
Optimal Consumption and Investment with Income Adjustment and Borrowing Constraints
Authors: Kim Geonwoo , Jeon Junkee
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we address the utility maximization problem of an infinitely lived agent who has the option to increase their income. The agent can increase their income at any time, but doing so incurs a wealth cost proportional to the amount of the increase. To prevent the agent from infinitely increasing their income and borrowing against future income, we additionally consider a non-negative wealth constraint that prohibits borrowing based on future income. This utility maximization problem is a mixture of stochastic control, where the agent chooses consumption and investment, and singular control, where the agent chooses a non-decreasing income process. To solve this non-trivial and challenging problem, we derive the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation with a gradient constraint using the dynamic programming principle (DPP). Then, using the guess-and-verify method and a linearization technique, we obtain a closed-form solution to the HJB equation and, based on this, find the optimal strategy.
Leveraging Massive MIMO for Enhanced Energy Efficiency in High-Density IoT Networks
Authors: Lee Byung Moo
Published: November 2024

Maximizing energy efficiency (EE) in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, while supporting the rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, is a critical challenge. In this paper, we delve into the intricate operations geared toward enhancing EE in such complex environments. To effectively support a multitude of IoT devices, we adopt a strategy of heavy reference signal (RS) reuse, and in this circumstance, we formulate the EE metrics and their corresponding inverses to determine pivotal operational parameters. These EE-centric parameters encompass factors such as the number of service antennas in the base station (BS), the number of IoT devices, and permissible coverage extents. Our objective is to calibrate these parameters to meet a predefined EE threshold, ensuring optimal system performance. Additionally, we recognize the indispensable role of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction techniques, particularly in multicarrier systems, to further enhance EE. As such, we employ clipping-based PAPR reduction methods to mitigate signal distortions and bolster overall efficiency. Theoretical EE metrics are derived based on formulated signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs), yielding insightful closed-form expressions for the operational parameters. Leveraging two distinct EE metric models, we undertake parameter determinations, accounting for the levels of approximation. Intriguingly, our analysis reveals that even simplified models exhibit remarkable applicability in real-world scenarios, with a minimal margin of error. The results not only underscore the practical applicability of our theoretical constructs but also highlight the potential for significant EE enhancements in massive MIMO systems, thereby contributing to sustainable evolution in the IoT era.
Uncommon Presentation of Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris of the Scalp: Clinical, Trichoscopic, and Histopathologic Features and Review of the Literature
Authors: Starace Michela , Cedirian Stephano , Quadrelli Federico , Brunetti Tullio , Sacchelli Lidia , Misciali Cosimo , Clarizio Giacomo , Sollena Pietro , Tassone Francesco , Neri Iria , Piraccini Bianca Maria
Published: November 2024

Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) presents a diagnostic challenge due to its varied clinical manifestations and the scarce literature on scalp involvement. This article presents a case report of a 59-year-old female with PRP solely affecting the scalp, detailing its clinical, trichoscopic, and histopathological features. Trichoscopy revealed a novel finding of white-silvery scales forming hair casts with a triangular shape, distinct from the existing literature. A literature review comparing our findings with pertinent articles underscored the uniqueness of our case. We discuss differential diagnoses and treatment options, based on available evidence. Our case highlights the importance of understanding scalp manifestations in PRP, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, and improving treatment strategies for this rare condition. Furthermore, the review of the literature compares our observations with available case reports and case series, outlining differential diagnoses and trichoscopic and histopathological diagnostic approaches to PRP, enriching overall clinical knowledge of PRP.
Systemic Immune–Inflammatory Index and Other Inflammatory Marker Variations in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Management
Authors: Nicoară Adrian , Roi Ciprian , Roi Alexandra , Motofelea Alexandru Cătălin , Rakitovan Marina , Zară Flavia , Riviș Mircea
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: With the greatest rate of morbidity and death, OSCC is one of the world’s most critical public health problems. Being a complex pathology, the management process that includes diagnostic, surgical, and adjuvant treatments must as well take into account the involvement of the immune system. This study aims to evaluate various biomarkers such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, SII, and NLR in the different stages of OSCC treatment and in correlation with TNM stages, in order to observe the inflammatory response of the host. Materials and Methods: A total of 154 patients diagnosed with OSCC were included in the present retrospective study. Routine blood samples were collected from all patients both before and after surgery. Using the detected values of platelets, neutrophils, and lymphocyte count, the systemic immune–inflammation index (SII) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were calculated. Based on the oncologist’s recommendation, 46 patients underwent adjuvant radiotherapy as part of their oncologic treatment plan. For these patients, additional blood samples were collected before the first and after the last radiotherapy session for determining the values of platelets, neutrophils, and lymphocyte count, and SII and NLR calculation. Results: Prior to the first radiotherapy session, neutrophils decreased slightly to 4.35, lymphocytes increased to 2.23, and platelets rose to 258.62. The SII and NLR were 641.02 and 2.19, respectively. Following the last radiotherapy session, neutrophils increased substantially to 10.30, while lymphocytes decreased to 1.21. Platelets showed a slight reduction to 227.08. Notably, the SII rose dramatically to 3084.19, and the NLR increased significantly to 15.49, suggesting an important immune and inflammatory response of the host. Conclusions: The host’s immunological and inflammatory responses are impacted by both surgery and adjuvant radiation administered following surgery. The parameters assessed—neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, SII, and NLR—qualify as significant variables that need to be monitored before, during, and following OSCC therapy. This study’s findings validated significant changes in immunological and inflammatory markers in the management of OSCC.
Predictive Value of NT-proBNP, FGF21, Galectin-3 and Copeptin in Advanced Heart Failure in Patients with Preserved and Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ianos Raluca Diana , Iancu Mihaela , Pop Calin , Lucaciu Roxana Liana , Hangan Adriana Corina , Rahaian Rodica , Cozma Angela , Negrean Vasile , Mercea Delia , Procopciuc Lucia Maria
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Heart failure (HF) is one of the most common initial presentations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There are different cardiac biomarkers related to the pathophysiological mechanisms of HF in T2DM. The current research aims to identify additional biomarkers that could improve the diagnosis and prognosis of HFpEF, which is currently assessed using NT pro-BNP levels. NT pro-BNP is a valuable tool for diagnosing heart failure but may not always correlate with clinical symptom severity or can present normal levels in certain cases, such as obesity. Biomarkers like FGF-21 and galectin-3 could provide greater insight into heart failure severity, especially in diabetic patients. The main objective of the current study is to assess the performance of NT-proBNP, FGF21, Galectin-3 and Copeptin to discriminate between advanced and mild HF. Materials and Methods: A total of 117 patients were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups: 67 patients in NYHA functional class I-II (mild HF) and 50 patients in NYHA III-IV (advanced HF). NT-pro BNP, FGF21, Galectin 3 and Copeptin serum levels were determined with the ELISA method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and binomial logistic regression analysis were used to measure the ability of the studied biomarkers to distinguish between advanced and mild HF patients. Results: In patients with T2DM with advanced HF, serum FGF21 level was significantly positively correlated with eGFR (ρ = 0.35, p = 0.0125) and triglycerides (ρ = 0.28, p = 0.0465) and significantly negatively correlated with serum levels of HDL cholesterol (ρ = −0.29, p = 0.0386) and with RV-RA gradient (ρ = −0.30, p = 0.0358). In patients with mild HF, serum FGF21 level was significantly negatively correlated with NT-proBNP levels (ρ = −0.37, p = 0.0022), E/e’ ratio (ρ = −0.29, p = 0.0182), TR velocity (ρ = −0.24, p = 0.0470) and RV-RA gradient (ρ = −0.24, p = 0.0472). FGF21 (AUC = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.60−0.79) and NT-proBNP (AUC = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.63–0.82) demonstrated significant predictive value to discriminate T2DM patients with advanced HF from those with mild HF. Elevated values for FGF21 (≥377.50 ng/mL) or NTproBNP (≥2379 pg/mL) were significantly associated with increased odds of advanced HF after adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates. Conclusions: NTpro-BNP and FGF21 have a similar ability to discriminate T2DM patients with advanced HF from those with mild HF. Univariable and multivariable logistic models showed that, FGF21 and NTproBNP were independent predictors for advanced HF in patients with preserved and mildly reduced ejection fraction and T2DM.
Active Neurodynamic Technique at Home in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: An Open Single Arm Clinical Trial
Authors: Serrano-García Beatriz , Martínez-Cepa Carmen Belén , Forriol Francisco , Zuil-Escobar Juan Carlos
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Knee osteoarthritis (KO) stands as the third leading cause of disability among the elderly, causing pain, reduced quality of life, and decreased functionality. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of an active neurodynamic technique programme at home on pain, quality of life, and function among individuals with KO. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five participants (69.7% women) aged ≥50 years with KO (Kellgren–Lawrence grades I–II) performed a femoral nerve mobilization programme at home for 6–8 weeks (20 repetitions per day). Pain intensity, using the numerical rating scale (NRS), pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), central sensitization inventory (CSI), temporal assessment, pain modulation, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and the 12-item Short Form Survey questionnaire (SF-12) were collected before, after the intervention, and at one, three, six, and twelve months. Results: Participants improved significantly in pain (p < 0.05), with the improvement maintained throughout the follow-up in the NRS and for at least one month in the PPT. There were also statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvements in all subscales of the KOOS, which were maintained throughout the follow-up. Improvements were also found in the CSI and CPM. Conclusions: A home-based active neurodynamic programme for the femoral nerve has been demonstrated to yield positive effects on pain and function in patients with KO.
Rasmussen Encephalitis: Clinical Features, Pathophysiology, and Management Strategies—A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Fornari Caprara Ana Leticia , Rissardo Jamir Pitton , Nagele Eric P.
Published: November 2024

Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) is a rare and progressive form of chronic encephalitis that typically affects one hemisphere of the brain and primarily occurs in pediatric individuals. The current study aims to narratively review the literature about RE, including historical information, pathophysiology, and management of this condition. RE often occurs in individuals with normal development, and it is estimated that only a few new cases are identified each year in epilepsy centers. Approximately 10% of cases also occur in adolescents and adults. The hallmark feature of RE is drug-resistant focal seizures that can manifest as epilepsia partialis continua. Also, patients with RE usually develop motor and cognitive impairment throughout the years. Neuroimaging studies show progressive damage to the affected hemisphere, while histopathological examination reveals T-cell-dominated encephalitis with activated microglial cells and reactive astrogliosis. The current therapy guidelines suggest cerebral hemispherotomy is the most recommended treatment for seizures in RE, although significant neurological dysfunction can occur. Another option is pharmacological management with antiseizure medications and immunomodulatory agents. No significant progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of this condition in the last decades, especially regarding genetics. Notably, RE diagnosis still depends on the criteria established by Bien et al., and the accuracy can be limited and include genetically different individuals, leading to unexpected responses to management.
Syngas Production via Oxidative Reforming of Propane Using a CO2- and O2-Permeating Membrane
Authors: Fabián-Anguiano José A. , Cuéllar-Herrera Lorena G. , Romero-Serrano José A. , Romero-Ibarra Issis C. , García-Murillo Antonieta , Carrillo-Romo Felipe , Ortiz-Landeros José
Published: November 2024

Recently, ceramic–carbonate membrane reactors have been proposed to selectively separate CO2 at elevated temperatures and to valorize this pollutant gas by coupling a catalyzed reaction. This work explores using a membrane reactor to perform the oxidative reforming of propane by taking advantage of the CO2- and O2-permeating properties of a LiAlO2/Ag–carbonate membrane. The fabricated membrane showed excellent permeation properties, such as CO2/N2 and O2/N2 selectivity, when operating in the 725–850 °C temperature range. The membrane exhibited remarkable stability during the long-term permeation test under operating conditions, exhibiting minor microstructural and permeation changes. Then, by packing a Ni/CeO2 catalyst, the membrane reactor arrangement showed efficient syngas production, especially at temperatures above 800 °C. A hydrogen-rich syngas mixture was obtained by the contributions of the oxidative reforming and cracking reactions. Specific issues observed regarding the membrane reactor’s performance are attributed to the catalyst that was used, which experienced significant poisoning by carbon deposition during the reaction, affecting syngas production during the long-term test. Thermodynamic calculations were performed to support the experimental results.
Recent Advances in Indium Recovery
Authors: Alguacil Francisco Jose
Published: November 2024

Though indium has been removed from the fifth list (2023) of critical raw materials for the European Union list of critical metals, its recovery is still of paramount importance due to its wide use in a series of high-tech industries. As its recovery is closely associated with zinc mining, the recycling of In-bearing wastes is also of interest, for both profitable and environmental reasons. With unit operations (in hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy or extractive metallurgy) playing a key role in the recycling of indium, the present work reviewed the most recent innovations (2024) regarding the use of these operations in the recovery from this valuable metal from different solid or liquid wastes.
Hydrogen Embrittlement of Galvanized Press-Hardened Steels: A Review
Authors: Kročil Tomáš , Macháčková Nikola , Prošek Tomáš , Steck Thomas , Sharif Reza
Published: November 2024

Press-hardened steels (PHS), as an alternative to traditional steels and aluminum alloys, combine great mechanical performance with low manufacturing costs. PHS are martensitic steels with ultimate tensile strength (UTS) up to 2000 MPa. These steels are commonly coated with zinc-based coatings (PHS GI) consisting of multiple Zn–Fe phases to enhance corrosion resistance. However, similar to all high-strength steels, PHS are known for their elevated susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement (HE). Absorption of atomic hydrogen into the steel lattice can lead to a transition from a ductile to a brittle fracture mechanism and decrease the stress necessary for fracture initiation. This review examines the microstructure of PHS GI with a focus on how the manufacturing process influences key parameters of the coating. The material’s susceptibility to HE is discussed in the following sections, along with the potential for hydrogen introduction through corrosion in atmospheric environments. The relationship between the content of hydrogen and its effects on fracture behavior is discussed, along with the corrosion behavior of PHS GI. The potential areas for future research and development of PHS GI with increased HE resistance are proposed.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Sclerocarya birrea on Metabolic Disorders: Evidence from Preclinical Studies
Authors: Victoria-Montesinos Desirée , Ballester Pura , Barcina-Pérez Pablo , García-Muñoz Ana María
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Metabolic disorders, including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases, are significant global health issues. Nutraceuticals, such as Sclerocarya birrea (SB), known for its high polyphenol content, are increasingly explored for managing these conditions. This study aims to evaluate the antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antihypertensive effects of SB in animal models to understand its potential as a natural intervention for metabolic diseases. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Searches across databases like PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus identified studies using SB in animal models of metabolic disorders. Inclusion criteria were studies with SB intervention, control groups, and quantitative measures of metabolic parameters. The study was registered with INPLASY (INPLASY2024100031). Results: The meta-analysis revealed that SB significantly reduces blood glucose levels in diabetic animal models. Acute administration of SB showed a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) of −7.13 (95% CI: −11.44 to −2.83) at 1 h and −9.75 (95% CI: −15.92 to −3.59) at 2–4 h post-administration. Chronic administration indicated a non-significant reduction in glucose levels (SMD: −5.69, 95% CI: −16.38 to 5.01). Conclusions: SB appears to have the potential for reducing blood glucose levels and may offer benefits for other cardiometabolic risk factors, including lipid profiles and oxidative stress. However, variability in the results underscores the need for further research, including standardized animal studies and clinical trials, to confirm these effects and clarify the mechanisms by which SB may impact metabolic disorders.
Metabolomic Insights into COVID-19 Severity: A Scoping Review
Authors: Pimentel Eric , Banoei Mohammad Mehdi , Kaur Jasnoor , Lee Chel Hee , Winston Brent W.
Published: November 2024

Background: In 2019, SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus, entered the world scene, presenting a global health crisis with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Recognizing the significance of metabolomics as the omics closest to symptomatology, it has become a useful tool for predicting clinical outcomes. Several metabolomic studies have indicated variations in the metabolome corresponding to different disease severities, highlighting the potential of metabolomics to unravel crucial insights into the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were followed for this scoping review. Three major scientific databases were searched: PubMed, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and BioMed Central, from 2020 to 2024. Initially, 2938 articles were identified and vetted with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 42 articles were retrieved for analysis and summary. Results: Metabolites were identified that were repeatedly noted to change with COVID-19 and its severity. Phenylalanine, glucose, and glutamic acid increased with severity, while tryptophan, proline, and glutamine decreased, highlighting their association with COVID-19 severity. Additionally, pathway analysis revealed that phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and arginine biosynthesis were the most significantly impacted pathways in COVID-19 severity. Conclusions: COVID-19 severity is intricately linked to significant metabolic alterations that span amino acid metabolism, energy production, immune response modulation, and redox balance.