bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Iron and Steel Industry Development Path Choice under the Restriction of Low Carbon Economy in Shandong Province
Authors: Guo Xia , Wang Lei , Miao Pan
Published: March 2013

This paper explores the development present situation and the restricting factors of the iron and steel industry, taking Shandong Province as an example. This paper expounds the implementation path of the new development of Shandong’s iron and steel industry from the following six aspects, such as to adjust industrial structure, optimize the industrial layout, improve products structure, develop low carbon technology, develop the green energy and technology, and improve the industry value chain and so on.
A Research on Eco-Tourism Development Models Based on the Stakeholder Theory
Authors: Wei Min , Yang Rui Rui
Published: March 2013

The development of eco-tourism requires attention to ecological environment and sustainable development, the development, however, often could not reach the standard of “ecological” in practice because of the different interest demands of the main stakeholders involved in tourism development and people’s self-interest psychology. For the sustainable development of eco-tourism, we need to adjust the roles and relationships of the major stakeholders so that the four main stakeholders------- local government, local residents, tourism enterprises and tourists could regulate their own behavior in the institutional constraints.
Pattern of China’s Eco-Tourism Resources in Low Carbon Economy
Authors: Peng Xiao Mei , Zhou Jin
Published: March 2013

Developing the eco-tourism in low carbon economy has becoming an appeal for all sectors of the society. To develop a low carbon economy, as well as construct low carbon cities, is a convenient and scientific way to starting from the construction of low carbon scenic spot, this concept should put deep into the exploitation and construction of scenic spot. As direct participants of tourism activities, tourists have no doubt play a key role in the construction of low carbon scenic spot and achieving the goals of low carbon in scenic area. At present, low carbon tourism is in fact more to reflect a kind of energy conservation and emission reduction in concept, for which it is a response to ecological tourism and sustainable tourism. There has no specific and quantifiable index to qualify as the measurement and evaluation standard of low carbon scenic spot. It is thus clear that to construct low carbon scenic area that we should put forth effort to strengthening tourists’ low carbon tourism consciousness.
Study on the Status and Development Strategy of Low-Carbon Economy in the Northeast Old Industrial Base
Authors: Li Shao Ping , Wang Qian , Cui Ming Xin
Published: March 2013

Along with global climate warming, low-carbon economy attracts much attention and has become one of the research hotspots. As the old industrial base, Northeast China is the key to emission reduction. This paper analyses the development status of low-carbon economy in the northeast old industrial base from the economic development, energy consumption and carbon emissions, and then concludes four problems, including heavy industry which dominated in the economy, the severe disproportion in the energy consumption structure, the lack of technological innovation and the outdated equipment, the unreasonable supporting policy mechanism, finally puts forward corresponding countermeasures, transform traditional industries and develop burgeoning industries, optimize energy structure and develop clean energy, introduce highly efficient equipments and encourage technical innovation, make the planning strategies and innovate in policy mechanism.
Dynamic Analysis on Carbon Footprint of Energy Utlization in Guangdong Province
Authors: Su Zhu Hua , Ma Li , Chu Xia Ling , Xiong Rui Quan , Wan Zhong
Published: March 2013

The paper calculated the Carbon footprint, Carbon Footprint Density, Value of Carbon Footprint Carbon Footprint Intensity, Ecological Pressure Intensity of Carbon Footprint of Guangdong energy consumption in 1990-2011, using the relevant concepts and research methodsthe carbon footprint.The results shows that The Guangdong per capita energy consumption carbon footprint continueed to rise from 1990 to 2011; In the energy consumption carbon footprint gross composition, coal carbon footprint was the maximum, followed by crude oil, natural gas was the last. The Guangdong primary energy utilization structure did not improve and optimize; The Guangdong energy consumption carbon footprint density increased gradually and the pressure of carbon emission reduction increased gradually; The Guangdong economy progress was good in the past 20 years, the Guangdong economic value created by energy consumption carbon footprint became stable in the 3 years; The Guangdong ecological pressure intensity of carbon footprint was increased in 1990-2011, and became 1.8925 in 2011.
Analysis on Green Hotel Marketing Management under the Background of Circular Economy
Authors: Song Xiang Ye
Published: March 2013

With the accelerating of development of the society, science and technology innovation, circulation, and green environment protection has become the tendency; green hotel has become the marketing objective for tourism industry. In adhere to the path of sustainable development, in the global green wave driven, creating hotel green marketing model is the way, which the hotel industry must implement. Therefore, taking green marketing model has become the most important thing to do, the hotel has to strengthen the green marketing management, cultivate people’s green consciousness and consumption spirit, so as to achieve the common development of enterprise and society.
Analysis on the Effectiveness of Supportive Policies for Roof-PV-Scheme Dissemination in P.R. of China
Authors: Ma Chi , Huang Jian , Dong Chen Xuanr
Published: March 2013

The Chinese PV industry is of the highly export-dependant as high as 95% for exportation. Due to the sharp reduction of the demand from the international market due to various causes in Europe and America in recent years, the entire industry is copied with severe challenge for its survival. To increase the demand from the domestic market is an effective way in the short-term and relevant supportive policies should be put into practice. This paper focused on the assessment of the effectiveness the various supportive policies and measures might create and concluded the way to push the roof-PV-scheme dissemination.
Green Economy on Small and Medium Enterprise's Sustainable Development Analysis - For Example to Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Cluster
Authors: Wang Jing Yi
Published: March 2013

In recent years, green economy is promoting global economic growth mode transformation with its powerful strength. China is no exception, and agreed to construct a demonstration region of the CHANGSHA-ZHUZHOU-XIANGTAN city-cluster in Hunan province. The region is named Two-oriented society which is resource-saving and environment-friendly. The paper studied High-tech small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which are the main body of the implementation of the Two-oriented society, analyzed of the interaction between the green economy, as well as two types of social construction and SMEs. Through these studies, we concluded those SMEs and government how to achieve environmental and economic interest’s win-win model in the two-oriented society construction process.
Necessity and Feasibility to Develop Circular Economy in West Regions
Authors: Shen Xi Lin , Qi Chao
Published: March 2013

Traditional industries have followed the simple but irreversible linear development mode --- "resources obtaining-processing and production --- waste emission", such development mode has brought such problems as resources depletion, energy shortage, ecological destruction, environment pollution, global warming, and species extinction, which has greatly threatened the survival and development of human beings. Thus, it is inevitable to explore a new economic development mode. In this paper, based on investigation and research, though reasonable thinking and systematic analysis, the basic principles for the development of circular economy to be observed have been raised, further, the necessity and feasibility to develop circular economy in west regions have been researched.
Research on Low-Cardon Development of China’s Coal Industry
Authors: Guo Xia , Zhang Chao , Gao Peng Zhao
Published: March 2013

China is a country of coal as the main source of energy, the contradiction between the environmental pollution caused by the extensive operation of the coal industry and low-carbon economic development requires more and more highlights. In the era of low-carbon economy, the development of the coal industry is facing many challenges and opportunities. Large coal enterprises have to change the traditional and backward mode of development, in terms of energy conservation, recycling economy, clean development mechanism to explore the industry's low-carbon economic development, and provide a preliminary theoretical framework and practical experience.
Study on Application of Solar Heating System Integrated Latent Heat Store Heat Exchanger
Authors: Mu Zhen Ying
Published: March 2013

This paper introduces the design of a solar heating system integrated latent heat store heat exchanger. Aiming at studying the system solar fraction, mathematical models are established for describing solar collector, latent heat store heat exchanger, users’ heating thermal load, and the system in whole. Studies are carried out based on these models. The results show that there are some key influencing factors on solar fraction, including solar irradiance, collector area, collector inclination angle, the difference value between collector inlet fluid temperature and ambient air temperature. Among these, collector inclination angle is the most significant one. If the values between collector inlet fluid temperature and ambient air temperature have big difference, it’ll cause adverse effects. As long as the operation requirements are met, lower collector inlet fluid temperature and suitable ambient air temperature are reasonable conditions for application. The research results provide guide for the system application in engineering.
The Product Development and Brand Strategy for Low Carbon Clothing
Authors: Zhang Qi , Ma Da Li
Published: March 2013

Low carbon clothing often appears in conceptual designs and public welfare, but it is not common consumer good. This paper will discuss the essential issues of developing low carbon clothing, and try to find the ideological basis of promoting it in consumers’ consumption consciousness, as well as the feasibility of exploiting it. Thus to construct a development strategy based on brand building, that is, creating a valuable model over the property of low carbon and developing by marketing campaigns through the means of brand planning, so as to change the thin image of low carbon clothing completely.
Sustainable Development Path for the Rare Earth Industry under the Background of Trade Disputes
Authors: Wang Ning , Hou Cai Hong
Published: March 2013

The sustainable development of the rare earth industry is based on the rational allocation of the rare earth resource. This article analyzes the necessity of the regulation control of the rare earth export from the requirements of sustainable development and the current problems of the industry, such as new problems of the quota management in export, intensified trade friction and the increasingly rampant smuggling, and makes feasible proposals to promote the rare earth strategy. China should persist the constructive and responsible attitude, taking the international and national resource and markets into account, pursue a win-win strategy which can not only keep the rare earth supply reasonable in the international market, but also protect the ecological environment and resource.
Simulated Analysis of Impacts of Alteration of Mineral Resource Tax Policies on Economic Growth Based on Input-Output Method
Authors: Meng Zhao Jian , Wang Jing
Published: March 2013

The analysis in this thesis carried out to describe the changes of economy based on input-output model can only be regarded as an approximate reflection, considering the complexity, variability and uncertainty of the economical society.
Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions in China: A Cointegration Analysis
Authors: Wang Qun Wei , Cai Cheng Ling , Lu Dan
Published: March 2013

This paper studies the relationships between economic growth, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) procedure and Engle-Granger causality test in China over the period 1965-2011. The empirical results show that GDP, energy and carbon emissions have appeared to be cointegrated. Moreover, there exists unidirectional causality from energy consumption to economic growth and carbon emissions to economic growth in short run. It has also been found that energy consumption and carbon emissions promote economic growth in long run. Some policy implications have been proposed finally.
The Research of the Available and Utilization of Solar Energy in Rural Areas - The Example from the Loess Plateau Area
Authors: Feng Xiao , Niu Shu Wen , Zhang Xiu Fang
Published: March 2013

The rural economy is underdeveloped in china, especially in the Loess Plateau, the land is barren and per capita income is not high, prominently they lack the energy. It had been vicious cycle between the biological energy consumption for basic survival and ecological deterioration of the environment. Therefore, it’s a breakthrough in using the new and local energy of exploitation and utilization for solving the shortage of rural energy. This article construct the availability of evaluation index system of Solar with surveying quantitative empirical analysis Anding district in Gansu province of loess plateau areas Northwest China.Conclusion is that the solar level is different in An-Ding district but it has great potential to be developed . The available amount is abundant but the Utilization is inadequate.Due to the poor taste of the local energy, to develop solar energy rational will improve the ecological, address poverty and narrow the economic gap in regions.
CFD Turbulent Model and Grid Dependency of Hypersonic Aerodynamic Heating Calculation Accuracy
Authors: Nie Tao , Liu Wei Qiang
Published: March 2013

Four turbulent models are introduced. The hypersonic aerodynamic heating calculation results by Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulent model of different grid scale shows that near wall y+ spacing approximate to one third of the upper limit prescribed by turbulent model. Then, the comparison of the hypersonic aerodynamic heating calculation results by different turbulent model and the test data shows that SST turbulent model can give an enough accurate result.
The Application and Evaluation of the Heat Medium Heater in Changqing Oil Field Production
Authors: Chen Xu Feng , Zhao Cui Hua , Zhou Jia Ming , Shen Hai Jing
Published: March 2013

As a new type of heating equipment, the heat medium heater furnace overcomes the shortage of the traditional heating methods such as the boiler, heating furnace. Through the comparison and analysis of the field application between the heat medium heater, YQWP - 4000/1.6/220/180-QT, and steam boiler in a central gathering station of Changqing oil field, results indicated: in the condition of 0.3 MPa pressure and 200 °Ctemperature above, the heat medium heater is higher thermal efficiency, more safety and security than steam boiler, and it do not pollute the environment and significantly save energy. One the heat medium heater saves by 982700 RMB than one set of steam boiler per each year. Due to the good economy, heat medium heater is suitable for the heating and heat supply of the large-scale central gathering station in the oil field. Thus, heat medium heater has a good application prospects. And the field application of the heat medium heater provides oil field energy saving and safe production with a certain reference in oil field.
Influence of Temperature Parameter Change on Lithium Bromide Absorption Heat Pump Performance
Authors: Li Biao , Fan Jiang
Published: March 2013

It is the new way of the thermal power plant energy conservation to recycling plant circulating water waste heat for heating with the heat pump technology. The recovery of low temperature waste heat is the background. And lithium bromide absorption heat pump is the object of this study. The impact of changes in temperature parameters on the performance of heat pump unit is analyzed. As a theoretical basis for the design of the heat pump system and power plant heat pump unit’s optimal operation provide a reference. The result provides a theoretical reference for the optimal operation of the heat pump system design and power plant heat pump units.
Numerical Simulation and Optimization on the Variable Oxygen of a 3000 T/H Ultra-Supercritical Boiler
Authors: Zeng Ling Da , Fu Zhong Guang , Zeng Han Cai
Published: March 2013

The characteristics of flow,combustion,heat transfer and NOx emission were numerically investigated under the different load operation for a 3000 T/H ultra-supercritical boiler.The simulated results agree well with the measured values. The results show that there is significant influence when oxygen amount in flue gas is different. The results show that compared with the increase of oxygen,coal burnout rate increase,fly ash carbon content is reduced,combustion efficiency is raised,and NOx emissions is reduced greatly,the flue gas temperature is reduced greatly chamber exports,which helps reduce panel superheater hang the tendency of slag,wall maximum thermal load obvious move down to middle burner and the lower between the burner area,boiler oxygen best in between 3.0 and 3.5.The direction information can be provided for mastering the combustion characteristics of this type of boiler,adjusting and optimizing the operation by the research result.
Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Melting Process of Paraffin Heat Storage Ball
Authors: Xu Shu Hui , Yang Guo Qiang
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a paraffin heat storage ball whose diameter is 100mm is the research object. Two mathematical models of paraffin melting process are established respectively when the natural convection of liquid phase of paraffin is considered and ignored. The melting process of paraffin heat storage ball which initial temperature is 290K is simulated by using the solidification/melting model of FLUENT. Through analyzing the temperature distribution of the ball and proportion of solid-liquid phase in the ball in the melting process at a certain time, studying the time history of the proportion of liquid phase in the ball and the time history of the average temperature of the paraffin, we can find that the natural convection of liquid phase of paraffin can not be ignored in the melting process of paraffin heat storage ball whose diameter is 100mm.
Combustion Characteristics of a Helmholtz-Type Valveless Self-Excited Pulse Combustor
Authors: Qian Yu Fen , Xu Yan Ying , Xu Ti Hai
Published: March 2013

Combustion characteristics of a Helmholtz-type valveless self-excited pulse combustor with continuous supply of gas and air were studied. The physical and mathematical models are established based on the actual pulse combustor, and the combustion characteristics are simulated with CFD. The results show that the possible re-ignition sources for the pulse combustion may be three. The first source may be the hot remnant gas near gas/air mixture. The second re-ignition source may be the high-temperature combustion chamber wall. The third ignition source is the unburned mixture. The pressure, temperature and mass fraction of propane in the combustion chamber have the phase relations and the combustion process stimulates the acoustic oscillation.
Simulation and Experimental Verification of Dynamic Heat Load for the Underground Structure Envelope
Authors: Wang Rui Hai , Wang Li Jun , Ma Ji Min , Yang Jun , Zhou Xiao Feng
Published: March 2013

Analyses the mechanisms of dynamic heat transfer in the underground works envelope and the simplified calculation method for heat transfer. With the cooperative function of MATLAB, Simulink and COMSOL, simulates the dynamic variation of the heat load, and validates the simulation results by an experiment.
The Preliminary Study on Mixed Refrigerants of a Four-Stage Auto-Cascade Refrigeration
Authors: Liu Rui Xi , Zhao Wei , Xiao Chuan Jing , Zhang Hua , Ou Yang Xin Ping
Published: March 2013

A four-stage auto-cascade refrigeration cycle is presented in this paper, the kind of mixed refrigerants is chosen and the proportion is simulated by using the commercial software NIST8.0 software. The optimized proportion of mixed refrigerants is gained through experiment, a method which combining software simulation and experiment to define mixed refrigerants proportion is preliminary got by this article.
The Research of Indoor Thermal Comfort under Dynamic Conditions
Authors: Di Yu Hui , Wang Shan Cong
Published: March 2013

Under dynamic conditions the impact of indoor wind speed, temperature, humidity on thermal comfort are analyzed,and the dynamic thermal comfort research focuses on changes in wind speed and frequency.Through field testing and calculation,the indicators of PMV and PD are compared under dynamic conditions in the evaluation of thermal comfort and applicability.It is considered that PD is more suitable for evaluation of dynamic thermal comfort.
Computational Simulation and Experimental Research of Heating System for a Field Shower Equipment
Authors: Ma Xi Bin , Dong Zhi Ming , Gao Rui Lin , Jia Gui Zhi
Published: March 2013

Heating of a novel field shower equipment was computational simulated by CFD software in the schematic design phase, and the correction of simulation was verified in the environment laboratory. The results show that, the simulated temperature rise faster than the tested one. It took about 2 minutes earlier to arrive 25 °C, which is the design heating temperature for the shower equipment in cold environment. Since the simplification and assumption was used in the computational simulation, the simulation can reflect the objective situation.
Experimental Study on the Solar Air Collector Module Used in Northern Rural
Authors: Xu Shu Hui , Li Yong , Cui Ling Fei
Published: March 2013

By using a solar air collector module with independent design as the object of study, obtained the temperature distribution of collector module in various conditions through experimental studying of its structure and operating parameters. The experimental results show that adding bulkhead in collector module and increasing the collector plate openings of collector module can enhance the heat-transfer by convection between air and collector plate. At the same time, the outlet air temperature of collector module is significantly higher than the temperature of the collector plate; On the other hand, the maximum temperature difference between import and export can reach to 333 K when the collector plate is 90° corrugated table-flap. And this condition has the maximum temperature difference between import and export in all conditions at some point.
Integration of Multiple In-House Heat Stations into One Energy Flexible Heat System
Authors: Riise Raymond , Sørensen Bjørn R
Published: March 2013

This study is focused towards assessing the potential for energy savings and cost reduction by integrating multiple in-house heat stations in several buildings into one larger energy flexible heat system. All existing boilers in stand-alone systems are kept as production units of a new merged system, and will be in addressed and operated when the condition demands it. In this study, energy and cost calculations are done on an hourly basis. Which combinations of boilers to be used in each time step are determined from the lowest running cost for each time step. The results of the case study show a clear savings potential for both energy and costs.
Nonlinear Response of Si-Based Solar Cells in Linearly Polarized Light under Low Illumination
Authors: Wang Q. , He X.D. , Xiao W.B.
Published: March 2013

The linearly polarization photosensitivity of Si-based solar cells has been investigated. It has been shown that the angular dependence of the open-circuit voltage and light intensity are observed similar change trend. However, a contrary behavior is reported in the angular dependence of the ratio between the open-circuit voltage and polarized light intensity. Through the establishment of a theoretical model and detailed analysis, it is found that the nonlinear effects play a crucial role in the photovoltage responses of solar cells under low illumination. The angular dependence of the ratio of the open-circuit voltage to the light intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the cosine function. This work is very significant for the photovoltaic system research.
Steady State Model of Screw Chillers Suitable for Variable Conditions Simulation
Authors: Long Jian You
Published: March 2013

To predict the performance of screw chillers in variable operating conditions, a steady state model of screw chillers suitable for variable conditions simulation was built and tested. Comparison between the predicted value and the experimental value shows good agreement. The results show that this model is suitable for variable inlet temperature and mass flow rate of chilling water and condensing water. Refrigerating capacity and condensing heat release condition of a specified screw chiller could be calculated if a set of outer thermal parameters is gained. This model is useful for simplifying performance test, equipment selection and running control.
Investigation of the Heating Characteristics in a Reheating Furnace with Pulse Combustion
Authors: Xia Jia Qun , Li Hu Ping
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a theoretical and experimental analysis of a pulse combustion in reheating furnace. Measurements of the composition content on flue gases and heat balance tests were carried out for operating parameters in reheating furnace. Experimental results show an intensive and efficient heating process. An attempt was made to perform theoretical computation of composition content in the reheating furnace. Satisfactory agreement between calculations and experimental results was found in certain regions. Discrepancies might be caused by sample of the combustion products which were assumed to be uniform distribution out of the reheating furnace. The results show that the pulse combustion has comparatively large influence upon both combustion and heat efficiency in a reheating furnace.
System Optimization and Exergy Analysis of Air Conditioning System for Data Center
Authors: Jing You Yin , Liu Qian Qian , Wang Jiang Jiang
Published: March 2013

As the air conditioning energy consumption of the date center has increasingly become the focus of attention, reformation for the energy consumption and exploration for the suitable combination model of the air conditioning system have significance in energy saving. This paper makes a program design for the air-conditioning system of a data center in Beijing, makes an analysis of the system operation mode and uses the concept of exergy efficiency to optimize the air conditioning system in order to achieve maximum efficiency.
Study and Theoretical Calculation on New Type of Adsorption Chiller
Authors: He Zhao Hong , Huang Hong Yu , Yuan Hao Ran , Kobayashi Noriyuki , Chen Yong , Zeng Tao , Zhao Dan Dan
Published: March 2013

One of improving refrigeration performance of adsorption chiller methods is optimizing adsorption chiller structure. A new type of adsorption chiller was proposed in this paper, which obtained two adsorbers, evaporator, condenser and vapor valves between adsorber and evaporator and between adsorber and condenser. The vapor valve was the very important component of the adsorption chiller, which was controlled by pressure difference of both sides of vapor valve. Compared with normal adsorption chiller, the vapor valve replaced the tubes and vacuum valves between adsorber and evaporator and between adsorber and condenser. It can reduce the total equipment size, and decrease the pressure loss of refrigerant flowing in the refrigeration system. Working mechanism of vapor valve and working process of adsorption chiller were investigated, and the theoretical calculation of adsorption chiller was carried out. These works were important foundation for design of adsorption chiller.
On-Line Fan Monitoring System Based on Improved Intelligent Regression Algorithm
Authors: Xu Xiao Gang , Wang Song Ling , Liu Jin Lian , Li Fei , Wang Hui Jie
Published: March 2013

The running state of the fan has significant influence on the safety and economy of the power plant unit, so it is necessary to monitor the fan performance and running state in real time. According to the basic theory of the fan, there is a stable, good nonlinear mapping relation between the inlet pressure difference and flow, which can be utilized to monitor the flow of the fan. Thus, the fan differential pressure - flow curve model is established by the optimized BP neural network and the modified Support Vector Machine (SVM). The fitting error shows that the improved SVM model is better. Finally, the on-line fan monitoring system software is established by using Visual Basic (VB) language and Matlab programming based on the improved SVM fan differential pressure - flow curve model, which can accurately monitor the fan operation.
Development of the Training Equipment for the Output Characteristics of PV Module
Authors: Zhang Yan , Ma Meng Chao , Wang Shi Tao , Zhao Yi Shu
Published: March 2013

In order to meet the needs of experiments, teaching and training on output characteristics of PV solar panel, this paper designed and produced a real-time training experimental box to test the output characteristics of the PV module, basing on the principle and characteristics of the PV generation .The partial function of the experimental box is designed according to the operational principle of the PV streetlight. So it may be used combining with PV module or PV streetlight. It is a teaching and training tool to carry out appropriate experiments. The photovoltaic output characteristics have been verified by the test results on the equipment.
A Study of a Hydrogen Enriched LPG Intake Liquid Injection Engine
Authors: Xue Yun , Cao Hai Quan , Lu Xue Cheng
Published: March 2013

Review is made of research on LPG engine and hydrogen fueled or enriched engine. Based on the positive features of hydrogen and the current limitations associated with the LPG intake liquid injection engine, a hydrogen enriched LPG intake liquid injection engine was developed, and its performance and exhaust emission characteristics are investigated.
Modeling and Stability Analysis of Hydraulic System for Wave Simulation
Authors: Peng Jian Jun , Liu Yan Jun , Li Yu , Liu Ji Bin
Published: March 2013

This thesis put forward a hydraulic wave simulation system based on valve-controlled cylinder hydraulic system, which simulated wave movement on the land. The mathematical model of valve-controlled symmetric cylinder was deduced and the mathematical models of servo valve, displacement sensor and servo amplifier were established according to the schematic diagram of the hydraulic system designed, on the basis of which the mathematical model of hydraulic wave simulation system was obtained. Then the stability of the system was analyzed. The results indicated that the system was reliable.
Numerical Simulation of Interactions between Waves and Pendulum Wave Power Converter
Authors: Tian Yu Feng , Huang Yan
Published: March 2013

The interactions between waves and the pendulum wave power converter were simulated, considering Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations as governing equations of the fluid, using the k-ε turbulence model and finite element software ADINA. The setting wave-generating boundary method and viscosity damping region method were developed in the numerical wave tank. Nodal velocities were applied on each layer of the inflow boundary in the setting wave-generating boundary method. The viscosity of the fluid in the damping region was obtained artificially in the viscosity damping region method, and the energy in the fluid was decreased by the viscosity in governing equations. The physical model tests were simulated with the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) numerical model. The numerical results were compared with the experimental data, and then the results were discussed. A reference method is advanced to design the pendulum wave power converter. The method to solve the complex FSI problems is explored.
CUDA Based Numerical Simulation of Cavity Flow and Performance Analysis
Authors: Li Xiao Ping , Zhang Hong Ming
Published: March 2013

Cuda has been widely used in computational fluid dynamics due to the powerful abilities of floating point arithmetic on gpu.This paper solved the Navier-Stokes equations of two dimensional incompressible flow using parallel programming on cuda. The finite volume method and the second-order upwind discretization scheme were used in the simulation.The speed of serial c program and the cuda based program were compared and we also compared the two programs on different hardware.The simulations got high precision results,which showed that the cuda based parallel computing is much more efficiency,and the parallel algorithm could get a more than 10 times the acceleration.
Moment of Lignocellulosic Materials Ignition Defined by Critical Mass Flow Rate
Authors: Chrebet Tomáš , Martinka Jozef , Balog Karol , Hrušovský Ivan
Published: March 2013

On the base of experimental observations of mass loss rate in dependance of time in isothermal condition in circulating air atmosphere was determined the moment of lignocellulosic materials ignition. Experiment was performed in an electrically heated hot-air furnace according to ISO 871 standard (Setchkin furnace) in conjunction with precision scales. Experiment was performed with ignition source. The ignition source was kanthal wire. Experiment was performed at one temperature, three positions of samples in the oven and various air-flow speeds. Pure cellulose as a model compound was impregnated by water solution of KHCO3 and (NH4)2HPO4.
A New Device for Increasing Output of Marine Current Energy
Authors: Dong Zhi Yong , Zhang Xu , Wang Li , Shi Bin
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a speeding-up inlet was developed to increase the free stream velocity in the marine current in order to increase the input energy of turbine. This study was conducted in the Hydrodynamics Laboratory at Zhejiang University of Technology. By using high-speed camera, acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV), the influence of area ratio and length-diameter ratio on rotational speed of the turbine was experimentally investigated. Experimental results showed that both area ratio and length-diameter ratio have significant influences on the rotational speed of marine current turbine.
Optimal Planning of Distribution System Considering Distributed Generators
Authors: Liang Hui Shi , Liu Hai Tao , Su Jian
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a methodology for substation optimal planning considering DG for peak shaving. Utility can take effective demand-side management (DSM) to encourage customer-owned DG to participate in peak load shaving, and it can also construct utility DG to meet the peak load demand. In this paper, the impact of DG on peak load shaving is analyzed, and DG is taken as a complement to T&D system to meet load demand, which is considered in the substation planning. Substations sizing and location and new-built utility DG capacity is optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), in which supply area of each substation is obtained by Voronoi diagram method. Case study shows that planning result considering DG for peak shaving can defer T&D system expansion so that considerable investment can be saved. Especially for those areas with high cost of T&D system construction, constructing DG to meet peak load demand would be a more economic way.
Study on DLCC Network for Networking Power Quality Monitoring System in Smart Distribution Grid
Authors: Weng Guo Qing , Zhou Wen Wei , Qi Jun , Wang Jing
Published: March 2013

Networking power quality monitoring system (NPQMS) has become more and more popular, but high construction cost blocks its further extensive application. The construction scheme of communication network based on distribution line carrier communication (DLCC) technique is an effective problem-solving strategy. For demonstrating the feasibility of this scheme, configuration and communication requirement of the NPQMS are discussed. Then, according to an actual case of the NPQMS, the communication rate and quality performance are estimated in detailed. This research work provides related theoretical basis and feasibility analysis of the construction scheme of DLCC network for the NPQMS in Smart Distribution Grid.
Research on Control of Information Flow in Smart Distribution Grid
Authors: Lv Guang Xian , Liu Hai Tao , Ma Kang , Zhang Di Si
Published: March 2013

Analyses the demand to information flow control technology in smart distribution grid, points out that IEC 61968 based information exchange bus has defects in information flow control, and proposes a framework that consists of flow direction control, information content control and flow runtime control. Based on principle of active and collaborative control, this paper proposes also detailed designs of flow direction arrangement, adapter identification, flow direction analysis, syntax validation, semantic validation and runtime control which consist of start-stop control, traffic control and priority control. The framework and its control functions provide a flexible, uniform and stable solution to information flow control in smart distribution grid.
Deacidification of Jatropha Curcas Oil by Extraction for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Liu Xue Jun , Zhang Hai Yan , Ai Ning , Lu Mei Zhen , Li Yu Min , Yu Feng Wen , Ji Jian Bing
Published: March 2013

The acid value of jatropha curcas oil is 9.41mgKOH/g. The most of fatty acids should be removed if base catalysts are adopted to catalyze the transesterification reaction for biodiesel production in case of soap formation. In this study, methanol and ethanol were adopted to extract the fatty acids in jatropha curcas oil. Then, it was catalyzed by calcium methoxide for biodiesel production. The extracted fatty acids can be used to produce biodiesel at supercritical or sulfuric acid conditions. The results indicated that the acid value of jatropha curcas oil decrease to 0.31 mgKOH/g from 9.41 mgKOH/g using ethanol extraction for 3 times at 25°C. The biodiesel yield exceeded 96% using solid base catalyst. The advantages of methanol and ethanol extractions are low oil loss and high biodiesel yield.
Research on Ontology Modeling Method of Smart Grid
Authors: He Hong Peng , Huang Yan Hao , Liu Jun , Fan Jian Lei
Published: March 2013

Smart grid makes new request for the representation and application of power grid knowledge. To solve the problem of “information isolated island” caused by the continuous development of power grid and the ineffectively use of massive domain knowledge, ontology technology is introduced into the smart grid field. Each link of smart grid is analyzed and new request for knowledge it makes is introduced. Then a simple introduction of ontology and ontology modeling is made. Referring to the defects of existing ontology modeling methods and considering the specific reality of smart grid, an ontology modeling method suitable for the smart grid field is presented, which is aiming at providing guidance on ontology modeling of smart grid. Finally a modeling example is given which proves the feasibility and efficiency of the method.
Using Smart System to Improve Electric Power Grid
Authors: Cheng Fei , Shi Sai Yu , Nayel Mohamed
Published: March 2013

Currently, the electricity infrastructure has remained for a long time, while the demand of electricity is increasing. Smart systems could be employed to improve the performance of electric power grid and reduce the . Especially, the communication technology and optimization technology of smart systems are able to enhance the reliability, stabilization and efficiency of the grid. In this paper, several different communication and optimization technologies are compared and analysed. Finally, the summary is obtained of the utilization of smart systems in order to improve the electric power grid.
Control of Quasi-Z Source Inverter with Super Capacitor under Unbalanced Grid Fault Conditions
Authors: Li Feng Lin , Hu Shu Ju , Wang Ling Ling
Published: March 2013

The quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI) has some unique advantages and is suitable for renewable energy sources such as solar and wind generation system. In order to make the inverter have the ride-through ability and the current into the grid symmetrical when unbalanced grid faults occur, the topology of qZSI with super capacitor substituting the low voltage capacitor and the unbalance control strategy were proposed. With a super capacitor the system can balance and smooth the power between the generation unit and grid, also the current injected into the grid can be symmetrical through the unbalance control method. The circuit of the new topology and the mathematical model of the three-phase converter under grid voltage unbalance conditions have been analyzed. And then, closed-loop control scheme for the proposed system is used to control the power flow of generation unit, grid and super capacitor in this system, also unbalance control strategies in positive (dq) + and negative (dq) – reference frames have been implemented in the grid-connected qZSI system to make the current into the grid symmetrical during the grid fault. The operating mode during unbalanced grid fault is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink, and the simulation results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis and the control scheme.
Study on the Dynamic Benefits of Pumped Storage Power Station
Authors: Li Yan Qing , Wei Fang Yuan , Wang Fei Long , Sun Kai Hang
Published: March 2013

Based on the full analysis of prior benefit estimation methods of pumped storage power station, from the perspective of pumped storage power station participating in actual operation, itemized analysis on the main dynamic benefits of pumped storage power station and further study of quantitative calculation methods of all the benefits have been down in this paper. When calculating emergency reserve benefit, it introduces a new method of quantitative evaluation of dynamic benefits in a accident, whose core is calculating the curves of load rising in two situations, which are with and without pumped storage units’ participation. With this method, three specific indicators for the evaluation of emergency reserve benefit can be achieved, namely the lack of supply of power consumption, the lack of electricity and accident duration difference. The calculation of black start benefit should be taken into account some of the cost compensation as a black start power. These studies can necessarily promote the healthy development of the pumped storage power station.
A Study of Fixed Steam Pressure Control of Ultra-Supercritical Unit
Authors: Chen Shi He , Zhang Xi , Wang Guo Liang , Yan Wei Wu , Tian Heng Feng , Hu Yong
Published: March 2013

Ultra-supercritical (USC) unit is more and more popular these years for its advantages. In this paper, a model predictive control (MPC) method is introduced for coordinated control of USC unit running in fixed pressure mode. Three inputs (i.e. valve opening, coal flow and feedwater flow) are employed to control three outputs (i.e. load, main steam temperature and main steam pressure). Piecewise models of the USC unit are obtained using the three inputs and the three outputs. In simulation, the output power follows load demand quickly and main steam temperature can be controlled around the setpoint closely in load tracking control. The simulation results show the effeteness of the proposed methods.
Method for Computing Power Flow of Distribution Network with Distributed Generation Based on Improved Initial Value Choice
Authors: Sun Ying Ying , Pei Wei , Kong Li
Published: March 2013

In order to compute and analyze power flow of a distribution network with distributed generations(DGs) and eliminate various problems caused by placing of the DGs, several improved Newton methods were proposed successively, and initial value choice is one of the non negligible issues. The traditional initial value choice method also cannot ensure convergence under some circum stances, and the convergence problem is aggravated by the placing of the DGs. For the convergence problem in the computation for the distribution network with vast DGs accessed by the Newton method, this article proposes an approximation algorithm based on series expansion for computing voltage approximation as the computed initial value of power flow so as to improve algorithm convergence. Furthermore, effects of the number of the DGs, node types, their locations, etc. on error between the voltage approximation and the exact voltage value are analyzed through examples. Example verification shows that the error between the voltage approximation computed by the method described in this article and the obtained final value through calculation is small, and replacing the traditional initial value with the voltage approximation can effectively improve convergence of the power flow computation and reduce iterations.
Installed Capacity Prediction of Biomass Power Generation in China Based on Gray Dynamic Model
Authors: Liu Zhi Bin , Ren Ai Sheng , Hou Li Wei
Published: March 2013

The low-carbon economy is attention increasingly all over the world, and which has become the best economic mode to cope with global warming. And it is the important way to achieve the low carbon economy, optimize the energy structure through developing the biomass power generation and other new energy. In recent years, the development of biomass power generation in China is rapid, there are also some problems. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the biomass power generation industry development, especially the installed capacity of biomass power generation. In this paper, the authors used the GM (1, 1) model to predict the installed capacity of biomass power generation, which can reveal the evolution of things under the circumstances of less data and less information. The installed capacity prediction from 2011 to 2020 showed that the results given by this model were reliable, and it is feasible to predict the installed capacity of biomass power generation.
Preliminary Study on Indexes and Assessment Method for Power Grid Development Diagnosis
Authors: Wang Hai Yan , Li Wei , Du Xin Wei , Zhang Quan Ming , Dai Song Ling , Liu Rui Hua
Published: March 2013

With integrated consideration of existing research on power grid development evaluation index system and requirements of power grid development diagnosis, a more comprehensive power grid development diagnostic index system is established from five aspects of power grid security and reliability, high efficiency, coordination, economics and social environment and more than 20 indicators. In addition, a new power grid development diagnostic evaluation method based on hierarchical analysis and multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is proposed in order to diagnose and assess power grid status quo and the actual level of development comprehensively, objectively and systematically ,which will help power grid enterprises conveniently to find the main reason of affecting the power grid and enterprise development and encourage enterprises to continuously improve the targeted improvement measures and the level of grid development.