bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Change in Change Agents: Effects of an Employability Institute
Authors: SMITH DAVID G. , MOHLMAN ROBERT N.
Published: December 2011

A revised version of the Porter Scale of Counselor Attitudes was used to assess the interpersonal response patterns of 16 Nebraska Department of Labor employees who had completed the Nebraska Employability Development Institute. A significantly greater percentage of understanding responses (compared to national norms for a similar group) was interpreted as meeting intermediate criteria of training program success. Comments are made regarding the further necessity for final program assessment using enrollee outcomes as successful criteria.
Microteaching: A Proposal For Manpower Development and Training Improvement
Authors: SEATON HAL W. , MAOLA JOSEPH
Published: December 2011

Microteaching, using videotape equipment as a training aid, may enhance the skills and effectiveness of trainees in Manpower Development Training centers. Microteaching allows the trainee to learn through manipulative experience and to receive immediate feedback regarding his performance. Moreover, this procedure provides program coordinators with a means of evaluating the efficiency, effectiveness, and utility of the center and its facilities as well as providing a starting point for trainee improvement. In addition, videotaped experiences offer increased knowledge to counselors, thus promoting vocational direction best suited to trainee needs.
The Use of Behavior Contracts in Employability Development Planning
Authors: LEUNG PAUL
Published: December 2011

The counseling procedure of the behavior contract is suggested for the enhancement of the employability development plan. Some of the difficulties associated with the use of employability development planning, such as lack of motivation for completion, can be dealt with successfully by incorporation of a behavioral contract. Specific behaviors and responsibilities are defined and appropriate reinforcements are applied in a combined approach. Although this type of planning may require some examination of the two processes for full use within a manpower program, the end result appears to be a more effective use of manpower programs. The article examines employability development planning and behavior contracts and discusses their possible use by counselors.
A Study on Maintaining Workshop Impact for Employment Counselors
Authors: JONES RICHARD D. , NEIL THOMAS C.
Published: December 2011

It is the authors' belief that the skills or knowledge acquired in short‐term educational experiences are often rapidly washed‐out after returning to a work environment. This article describes an attempt to maintain the skills of employment counselors after they return from a workshop setting to their work environment.
Rural WIN‐ings
Authors: LOOMIS ROSEMARY , STARRY RICHARD
Published: December 2011

This article explores the experiences of two Work Incentive Program (Win) staff members in delivering employment‐related services in a rural Win program. It deals with three prevalent rural obstacles to employment: transportation, flexibility with individual cases, and sex barriers. While disputing the theory that rural areas offer few employment possibilities for Win clients, we point out that, with flexibility and creativity, rural areas are productive in helping Win clients become self‐supporting.
Introduction—Accountability or A‐ccount‐ability?
Authors: ELLIS LARRY , PROCHNOW WILLIAM
Published: December 2011

Guest Editors Larry Ellis and William Prochnow introduce this special issue of JEC by raising questions and issues of accountability that affect all professionals in employment counseling.

Past accountability definitions hare been narrowly defined using accomplishmen/cost approaches. The Manpower Administration has attempted to use this approach in the provision of and justification for counseling services. Positive outcome data have been obtained for counseled applicants, but the counseling function is still being questioned. This article proposes expanding the concept of counselor accountability and introduces a multi‐approach to accountability.
Accountability Systems in the Employment Service
Authors: BURKE MAX E.
Published: December 2011

Counseling services often culminate in various positive outcomes, many of which are difficult to adapt to a system of accountability. If counseling is to continue to develop, then it must become responsive and accountable to priorities determined by management policies. In the employment service this means how well counseling services relate to clients being placed in meaningful jobs. This article discusses the issues of accountability in the counseling profession, provides information on the basic employment service computerized data systems, and introduces two analysis and planning forms which can be used to derive meaningful data from these systems. Information from these sources will enhance budget and resource planning and evaluation of performances as well as provide other information which state and local offices can profitably use in developing a more standardized and accountable counseling program.
Counseling— A Friend to Placement
Authors: PHILBRICK ROBERT E.
Published: December 2011

The policy declaring placement as top priority, accompanied by a responsive focus of staff and budget resources, has decreased the availability of counseling services to applicants contacting the employment service. Many people, if they are to be assisted in finding and keeping jobs, need the help given by professional employment service counselors. Management and program planners need an accountability rate of the importance of counseling services in the accomplishment of the placement priority. A study, covering two years of employment activities, was conducted in the Utah agency to gain insight into the question. The statistical material studied concerned available applicants, number placed, number counseled, and counseled applicants placed. The data indicated that counseled applicants have better than twice the chance of being placed on a job than uncounseled applicants. Thus, in Utah, counseling services have a positive influence in the job placement of an applicant.
Career Information: A Critical Review
Authors: MOORE SHELDON L.
Published: December 2011

This article describes sources of occupational information available to the counselor in the field and indicates the advantages of each. The importance of career counseling in today's uncertain job market is discussed, especially the counselor's responsibility to discuss with the counselee the discrepancies between aspirations and aptitudes. Major schemes of classification in the world of work are identified: socioeconomic groups, interests, life span, and primary focus of activity and level of function. Each scheme is illustratively developed. Possible uses of the information derived from a counseling relationship are discussed. The request from the counselee for information is seen as the starting point of the counselor‐counselee relationship, in which many problems can be worked through.
The Great Wood vs. Plastic Pegboard Controversy: A Definitive Answer
Authors: DROEGE ROBERT C. , HAWK JOHN
Published: December 2011

This study was performed to resolve the question of comparability of manual dexterity scores obtained on wooden and plastic versions of the USES pegboard. Three types of boards (new wooden, worn wooden, and plastic) were used in testing 456 individuals, 152 with each type. The results showed that there were no significant differences in mean scores on either Part 9 or Part 10 of the USES pegboard. Therefore, we concluded that currently authorized equipment, either plastic or wooden, may be used with the confidence that scores are not affected by the type of equipment used. Users of plastic equipment should make certain that only the newer hard plastic pegs are used, however.
Feminism: Implications for Employment Counselors
Authors: SHELTON BARBARA
Published: December 2011

Although the feminist movement has expanded job opportunities for women, there are many psychological and cultural barriers that prevent many women job seekers from taking advantage of these opportunities. A review of the recent literature on the counseling needs of women points out the role conflicts, cultural hostility, and institutional bias that keep some women out of the labor market and cause job‐seeking and job adjustment problems for others. Awareness of these factors on the part of employment counselors will aid the smooth transition from home to career for women applicants.
The Use of Drama as an Inservice Training Technique
Authors: BEALE ANDREW V.
Published: December 2011

This article describes the use of drama as a technique for facilitating group discussion and understanding. The play “It's a Man's World” reverses the typical male and female roles in the business world to dramatize the sometimes discriminatory employment practices that women face in the business world today. The play follows applicant George Ford through a series of frustrating interviews until he finally becomes aware of the “correct” answers. The correct response comes too late, however, and backfires.
Predicting Length of Stay in the Job Corps
Authors: PEER GARY G.
Published: December 2011

This study attempted to isolate psychosocial variables having predictive value regarding enrollee length of stay in a Job Corps training center. Correlation and multiple discriminant‐function analyses were emphasized to test relationships between seven psychosocial variables and the dependent variable, length of stay. Results demonstrated that the Stanford Achievement Test's paragraph‐meaning subtest was a significant predictor to the dependent measure and that the combination of paragraph meaning and the manifest‐aggression subscale from the Jesness inventory formed the strongest set of multiple predictor variables. Conclusions beyond those applicable to the population studied were limited; however, I encourage Job Corps personnel to consider these findings as potential guidance tools and as stimuli for similar study in other Job Corps settings.
The Deaf in the World of Work
Authors: KRUPNICK NANCY , KRIEGER GEORGE W.
Published: December 2011

Deaf persons form a distinct minority in the world of work. Many deaf persons are underemployed and face bleak vocational futures. Many actions can be taken to change the status of deaf employees. Professionals working with the deaf should be aware of the current vocational functioning of their clients. Deaf clients need specific job information, their social and communication skills may need improvement, and they may need basic skills in applying for a job. Comprehensive vocational counseling for the deaf is an obvious need. Also, employees must be encouraged to reduce job discrimination against the deaf. Employer attitudes preclude the deaf for appropriate job trials. If the counselor, client, and the employer work closely together, the occupational picture of deaf workers can be greatly upgraded.
Provision for and Promise of Counseling and Guidance Components Within the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act
Authors: BAILEY JOHN A.
Published: December 2011

As president‐elect of NECA, I am a member of an APGA task force, along with representatives from ASCA and NVGA, that is dealing with our professional concerns in the implementation of PL 93–203, CETA. This task force met in November 1976 at Lake Tahoe, Nev. We formulated the following statements and questions that have been addressed to appropriate Congressional committees as they meet to consider CETA renewal or to develop the need to justify oversight hearings.
Effects of Crystal and Bolles's Life/Work‐Planning Process on Selected Factors Related to Vocational Choice
Authors: ATLAS JOHN W. , MINOR JOANN H. , MINOR BILLY J.
Published: December 2011

This study tested the relative effects of Crystal and Bolles's life/work‐planning process on the following factors related to vocational choice: aspirations, expectations, resident skills, and preferences. The results indicated that the process is an effective strategy to use to facilitate agreement between factors.
Work Values and Job Satisfaction of Young Adult Males
Authors: DRUMMOND ROBERT J. , MCINTIRE WALTER G. , SKAGGS C. THOMAS
Published: December 2011

We explored the work values of young workers who had been classified according to three degrees of work satisfaction by using two standardized instruments. The results lent support to the idea that job satisfaction is more closely linked to the intrinsic rather than the extrinsic factors of work. Considerable agreement on which factors contribute to work satisfaction was also evident regardless of the level of satisfaction. We suggest that counselors working with youths pay close attention to intrinsic work factors.
Career Development in Higher Education: Process, Program, or Problem?
Authors: BACHHUBER THOMAS D.
Published: December 2011

In response to a variety of interpretations regarding the functions of career counseling and placement in today's higher education, this article clarifies the areas of assistance that colleges' career‐counseling and placement offices provide. My explanation focuses on a sequential model for career development, and career‐counseling programs and resources are discussed for each appropriate stage of student development.
Career‐Planning and Placement Services: Evaluations by College Recruiters and Placement Directors
Authors: JACKSON MARILYN S. , SAMPSON JAMES P. , LOESCH LARRY C.
Published: December 2011

Fifty‐five college recruiters and 64 placement directors rated 19 career‐planning and placement services and 8 kinds of student data on their value to recruiters. They also evaluated the most appropriate times for the use of student data. Significant differences between their ratings were found for 16 of the services and none of the kinds of student data. Significant differences between the groups' evaluations of the most appropriate times for the use of student data were found for 4 of 8 types. Recruiters and directors seem to be in complete agreement about the values of services and student data but in less agreement about the best times for using the student data.
Effects of Eye Contact on the Evaluation of Job Applicants
Authors: AMALFITANO JOSEPH G. , KALT NEIL C.
Published: December 2011

This experiment attempted to determine if eye contact affects job interviewers' evaluations of applicants. Photographs were taken of a male and a female in two eye positions: looking straight into the camera and looking downward. Forty‐four job interviewers in an employment agency were randomly assigned to one of the four photographs. Each subject was told to assume that he or she was interviewing the stimulus person for a job as a management trainee and was instructed to rate the stimulus person on a series of scales. The findings supported the hypothesis that eye contact is a determinant of the decision to hire. The findings also suggested that the effects of eye contact are mediated by the perceived attributes of applicants; that is, eye contact affected the interviewers' evaluations of the applicants, and those evaluations were related to the decision to hire.
Occupational Information Systems and the Department of Labor
Authors: AUSMUS NORMA F.
Published: December 2011

In eight states, counselors and people making career choices now have a new tool for getting the information they need. Occupational information systems are delivering up‐to‐date, accurate information about occupations and local employment conditions in Alabama, Colorado, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Washington, and Wisconsin. Funded with seed money from the U.S. Department of Labor's National Occupational Information Service, the development of these systems is guided by these key principles: cooperation between producers and users of occupational information; intensive information‐development efforts that maximize the use of available information; systematic information delivery; user services, training, and marketing efforts; and cost sharing and eventual self‐support.
The U.S. Employment Service Occupational Test‐Development Program
Authors: FANTACI ANTHONY , DROEGE ROBERT C. , FERRAL MARLIN , HAWK JOHN
Published: December 2011

The U. S. Employment Service conducts a test‐research program for developing testing tools useful in vocational counseling. This article outlines the organization, underlying concepts, accomplishments, and current efforts of the test‐research program.
Competency‐Based Employment‐Counseling Model: Local Office Implementation
Authors: ALFORD MARY ANNE
Published: December 2011

This article describes the early stages in the implementation of the competency‐based employment‐counseling model in a local employment office in Kentucky. Preliminary steps taken at both the state and local levels are discussed. The actual application of the model in the Louisville local office is then presented. The conclusions provide several key factors to successful initial implementation.
An Examination of Outside Work Experience of Public School Personnel
Authors: GREEN GARY
Published: December 2011

This study is one segment of a research project initiated by the Bureau of General Research, Kansas State University, Manhattan, to examine work attitudes and work experience of school personnel and their implications for career education. This article deals with the work‐experience portion of that project. Data were obtained through the use of Work Attitude Inventory of Teachers (WAIT), a survey instrument that included a work‐experience questionnaire. The instrument was administered independently to school administrators, vocational educators, secondary teachers other than vocational, elementary school teachers, and guidance and counseling personnel. Respondents recorded work experience outside teaching as well as teaching experience. The responses were categorized according to length of employment (full, part time, summer) and according to the U.S. Office of Education's 15 career clusters. The combined sample of 831 respondents to the work‐experience element showed an average of 14.5 years of teaching experience and one out of five persons with no work experience outside education. Most work experience recorded was of a temporary nature and usually in a low‐level or menial category.
Policies Essential to Improved Effectiveness in Employment Counseling
Authors: PEARMAN JEAN R.
Published: December 2011

The number of college graduates is expected to glut the job market during the next several years. The causes of this surplus are both internal and external to educational systems. Secondary schools, colleges, and universities are uncertain about their goals and objectives, particularly in relation to effective investment in human resources to improve productivity as contrasted with a preoccupation with immediate consumer satisfaction. The externals—occupational data and forecasting—are unreliable for several reasons. Counselors should seek educational system reform while increasing their efforts to attain more effective methods and tools for career counseling and job placement. Apathy in the face of growing budgetary constraints will encourage adverse reaction toward counseling activities.
Occtalk
Authors: WALTERS WALLY W.
Published: December 2011

For some years now I have been occupied in various aspects of the career‐counseling profession. In that time I guess I've tried every individual and group method that seemed to offer some promise of success. Recently, I tried to distill what it was that I'd learned from all this: what thread seemed to run through those vocational counseling systems that seemed to work for me. I concluded that for me to be helpful to another in the life‐planning process, I had to assist in certain events in what seems to be a developmental sequence.
Reducing Counselor Anxiety by Using Modeling Strategies
Authors: COOK DANIEL W. , KUNCE JOSEPH T.
Published: December 2011

We hypothesized that beginning counselors experience interview‐related anxiety that affects counselor performance. Two kinds of videotaped modeling—an expert model approach and a coping model approach—were compared as to the relative effectiveness of each method in reducing beginning counselors' anxiety toward a counseling interview. Those persons who viewed expert models significantly reduced situationally related anxiety following participation in an analogue interview. Persons who viewed coping models had nominal but nonsignificant reductions in anxiety. In neither group was anxiety significantly related to counselor performance. A modicum of anxiety may be a desirable attribute in beginning counselors. The relative merit of each kind of modeling strategy is discussed.
The Career Concept Scale: An Assessment of Career Judgment
Authors: BAILEY JOHN A. , PIERCE KEITH A.
Published: December 2011

An assessment scale of career concepts found to be reliably related with vocational sophistication is developed. With the renewed emphasis in CETA programs for youth‐employment counseling efforts, the relative prevocational maturity of those seeking our services can be an element in deriving baseline data from which the efficacy of vocational counseling services can be judged.
The Challenge to Affirmative Action
Authors: MCGINNIS JAMES W.
Published: December 2011

The Bakke case is the latest and most serious challenge to the constitutionality of voluntary affirmative action programs. Bakke, a white male, challenged the constitutionality of the University of California Davis Medical School Special Admissions Program, which admitted 16 minority students with lower objective scores. Although a poor case for Supreme Court review, it was brought before the Court by the Davis Medical School despite the protests of many minority groups. If Bakke is upheld, it could virtually wipe out efforts to include minorities in most professional schools and some government employment.
Effectively Counseling the Shy Minority Client
Authors: McCLURE WILBERT J.
Published: December 2011

This article focuses on shyness as a barrier to meaningful employment for some minority persons. It provides a definition and discusses specific examples of shy behaviors that may be displayed. The article maintains that the employment counselor can work to help the minority client overcome this emotional‐personal problem. A seven‐step systematic procedure for effectively counseling the shy minority client is delineated.
The Occupational Status of the Latino in the United States
Authors: HERRERA JORGE A.
Published: December 2011

This article reviews some considerations related to the occupational and employment status of persons of Spanish or Hispanic origin in the United States. As a whole, this group of individuals can be described as presenting lower levels of educational attainment, occupational and employment status, and income than the rest of the population of the United States. It seems, however, that a better understanding of the group would result if the subgroups that make it up are considered and described separately. Following a discussion of the relative values of the different terms that have been used to describe the group as a whole, a description of the main component subgroups is given. Latinos of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, and other Spanish origin are described. Antecedents that may account for differences found in levels of educational attainment, occupational and employment status, and income among the subgroups of Latinos are also discussed.
Value Conflict Resolution: A Training Model for Counselors of Minority Clients
Authors: MINOR JOANNE H. , MINOR BILLY J.
Published: December 2011

It is assumed that the employment counselor controls what happens in the counseling session by virtue of position and superior knowledge of what the counseling process can and cannot provide. When employment counselors counsel individuals who have cultural and racial backgrounds different from their own, the probability of value conflict in problem solving and decision making is increased. Counselor control over the counseling process suggests that these conflicts will often be resolved according to the value preferences of the counselor. Failure to consider the value input of the client leads to the development of plans for action that don't work. The Carkhuff helping model is presented to show where counselor‐client value conflicts are likely to occur, and a value conflict resolution training model is provided to help counselors assess value conflicts and resolve them in ways that promote client‐counselor success.
Résumé Construction for a Counseling Position
Authors: BYRD E. KEITH , MORACCO JOHN C.
Published: December 2011

Faculty members of the Counselor Education Department at Auburn University were asked to complete the Job Résumé Questionnaire (Feild & Holley, 1976). Comparisons of responses were made between faculty and a control and experimental group. The experimental group was given data on faculty opinion and asked to construct a résumé. The control group was given no data but completed the questionnaire. Correlation coefficients yielded low positive relationships between faculty and student responses to the questionnaire. A higher positive relationship existed, however, between faculty responses to the questionnaire and actual items appearing on the résumés constructed by the experimental group.
Work Classification in Ancient Times
Authors: HOPKE WILLIAM
Published: December 2011

The divisions of labor and the classifications of work in ancient times are described, and an early four‐part classification is compared with that of the present Dictionary of Occupational Titles.
Employee Evaluation As a Self‐Validation Process
Authors: CAHN DUDLEY D.
Published: December 2011

The author's self‐validation model of interpersonal communication is applied to supervisor‐subordinate relationships within the context of employee evaluation.
The Rational‐Reality Based Approach to Treating the Criminal Child Abuser
Authors: COX STEVEN G.
Published: December 2011

The Rational‐Reality based approach to treating child abusers incorporates the philosophies of Rational Behavior Training and Reality Therapy into a therapeutic strategy that helps clients to learn skills in making rational decisions that can aid them in living harmoniously within the family structure. Those persons involved with the practical implementation of theoretical constructs while working in counseling sessions with persons who are child abusers may find that an eclectic approach such as this one is beneficial in teaching people how to increase their skill in reasoning. It seems that this approach to counseling the parental child abuser is a strategy that allows the parent figure to understand and perceive positively the personal benefits that accrue from not abusing the child.
Problems in Operating a Drug Rehabilitation Center in an Adult Correctional Setting and Some Preventive Guidelines or Strategies
Authors: SMITH S. MAE , BEAMISH PATRICIA , PAGE RICHARD C.
Published: December 2011

In the operation of a Therapeutic Community (TC) within a prison setting, unique problems arise in blending the two modalities. This article reviews these unique aspects of operating a TC in a correctional setting and discusses possible preventative strategies in ameliorating potential difficulties. Some of the problems include differences in philosophy, nontherapeutic aspects of the prison environment, dependency on the prison environment, and unique staff problems. Specific and general suggestions are made for eliminating or coping with these problems. The authors conclude that changes can be made and effective treatment can exist within the correctional setting.
Touchstones to Power
Authors: BAILEY JOHN A.
Published: December 2011

In this article the author offers an analogy to stress the benefits derived from interorganizational relationships formed within an association of organizations. Concomitantly, he comments on the consequences of abstention from such affiliations. The organizations in question are, of course, NECA and APGA.
Training Youth to Cope in Work Settings
Authors: FRIEL THEODORE W. , HOLDER TODD
Published: December 2011

This article deals with a study in which an experimental group of 71 economically disadvantaged youth was trained in generic coping skills as part of a CETA training program. The purpose of the program was to help these youth make the transition from school to unsubsidized work. The experimental group was compared to a control group that did not receive training, but did receive other commensurate training experiences. It was found that the experimental group rated their own gains resulting from training as larger than those of the controls, and that they indeed gained significantly more in knowledge and skills than the controls. In a pilot study of employer reactions, over 66% suggested that the coping skills were successfully applied in the work setting, and that it made a positive difference in how the employers evaluated the youths' performance. A six‐mounth follow‐up indicated that the coping skills training contributed to their employment and helped reduce dropping out of school. (Major portions of this article have previously appeared in the Michigan Personnel and Guidance Journal, whose editor has granted permission for reprint here.)
Finding the Best Person for the Job: The Search Committee and Affirmative Action
Authors: MURRELL PATRICIA H.
Published: December 2011

The role of the search committee in the hiring process is ambiguous and as diverse as the institutions where it is employed. Those institutions using a search committee need to be aware of the expectations, proper functions, and limitations involved. Persons agreeing to serve on such a committee need to be properly educated and informed on specific aspects of the assignment that might present problems as the work progresses. This article attempts to delineate the duties of such a committee and raises questions that need to be considered before the committee is organized.
A Needs Assessment in Employee Services — Industrial Recreation
Authors: WHITLOCK MICHAEL , GROVES DAVID L. , DeCARLO WILLIAM B.
Published: December 2011

Industrial recreation is a rapidly growing field in employee services. In fact, membership in the National Industrial Recreation Association (NIRA) has more than doubled in the last three years. American industry seems more willing to incorporate recreation expenditures in their operating budgets, realizing that higher productivity is directly related to the positive influence that recreation has in satisfying some of the psychological, physical, and social needs of employees. Harry Gray, president and chairman of United Technologies Corporation, has expressed these feelings (Recreation Management, 1978) as follows:
Sex, Occupation, Year of Graduation and Perceptions of Job Factors
Authors: KEITH PAT M.
Published: December 2011

This article reviews a study that examined sex‐related differences in the importance of job factors among recent college graduates and older graduates employed in various occupations. The job orientation factors used to determine preferences included (a) people oriented, (b) self‐expression, (c) extrinsic reward, and (d) leadership dimensions. Sex differences in job orientations are considered in relation to the occupation and time of graduation for both men and women.
Anecdotes for Practitioners
Authors: BENNIGHT KATY
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this section is to allow our readers the chance to publish “anecdotes” concerning cases they have dealt with as counseling professionals. Stories about problems that you handled, either successfully or unsuccessfully, news of new programs or procedures, or comments on what is happening in the world of counseling—all are appropriate topics for upcoming issues. If you are or have been involved in something you think is interesting, write it down, and don't worry about the prose—that's our job. Send your material to Katy Bennight, 656 S.W. Fourth Terrace, Florida City, Florida 33034.
Certification in Testing in Canada
Authors: MONSEBRAATEN ARTHUR J.
Published: December 2011

This article presents a brief outline of a program developed by the Canada Employment and Immigration Commission (CEIC) for certifying employment counselors to use tests in Canada Employment Centres (CECs).
The Employer Ranel in Guidance and Placement
Authors: LIPSETT LAURENCE , GREENWOOD DOROTHY
Published: December 2011

One approach to the placement of job applicants who need extra help is the use of a panel of experts to provide a link between the appraisal of the candidate and the needs of the labor market. This article reports applications of the panel approach in three different settings.
The Newly Widowed Employee
Authors: ROGERS JOY M.
Published: December 2011

Although significant numbers of the recently widowed are in the labor force, little attention has been directed to how employment counselors, supervisors, personnel managers, and colleagues can be more supportive to grieving employees and maintain harmony, productivity, and employer‐employee satisfaction. This article outlines normal reactions to the death of a spouse, the needs and problems of the newly widowed, and techniques of helping the recently bereaved worker. The author discusses the benefits of those involved in counseling, supervising, or advising employees in terms of investment in employee productivity, good personnel practices, and improving human relations.
Personality Type Differentiation of Employed Versus Unemployed Clients
Authors: JONES RICHARD D. , HEARN GINNY
Published: December 2011

The 16 Personality Factors (16 PF) Test was used to determine if personality variables were significantly different for employed and unemployed clients. The results of the study indicate that demographic data failed to demonstrate any significant difference but that four factors on the 16 PF were found to be significant. Results should be of great interest to all professionals concerned with evaluation, adjustment, and/or placement of rehabilitation clients.
Work Values of Poor Versus Nonpoor Service Workers
Authors: KLEIN FREDA , TRIONE VERDUN
Published: December 2011

The authors discuss an assessment instrument measuring work values appropriate for use with minimally skilled, economically or educationally deficient clients. Using the scale to survey the work values of 119 poor versus 119 nonpoor service workers in Nevada, the authors found more similarities than differences between the two groups, and they identify and describe seven significant value differences.
Effects of Information on Preference for an Occupation
Authors: SPOKANE ARNOLD R. , HERZOG‐SPOKANE ROCHELLE
Published: December 2011

Thirty‐two undergraduate female volunteers were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups in which occupational information was presented in these ways: glamorous‐reinforced, glamorous‐nonreinforced, objective‐reinforced, and objective—nonreinforced. They were given the Holland Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) and shown a 5 minute slide/tape presentation about an occupation with the appropriate glamour and model reinforcement variation. Posttesting used a modified semantic differential scale and a ranking questionnaire. The results of an analysis of variance (ANOVA) suggest that the glamorous groups rated the occupation as more professional and more rewarding than the nonglamorous groups. While there were no effects for reinforcement and no significant differences on the ranking test, they were in the expected direction, as were the results on 13 of 14 semantic differential scales. Within limitations, the results are discussed with respect to the impact of information on career preference.
Self‐Directed Career Planning for Persons with Disabilities
Authors: ANDERSON JUDITH A. , REARDON ROBERT C.
Published: December 2011

Persons with physical disabilities often confront barriers to employment. This article describes a career development project that has addressed the special needs of disabled adults by: (a) developing a multimedia‐based, self‐directed career planning program organized around modules tailored to meet the unique needs of adults with disabilities; (b) providing a training program for 15 disabled adults working as paraprofessional career guidance technicians; and (c) establishing linkages with educational institutions and community agencies to provide for the institutionalization of this project at the local level.
Differential Impacts of a Computer Information System on Selected Human Service Agencies
Authors: RYAN CHARLES W. , DRUMMOND ROBERT J. , BILODEAU GERARD
Published: December 2011

An analysis of the impact of a computerized information system on selected users in eight human service agencies indicates that the Guidance Information System assists users in determining educational‐occupational plans, increasing occupational knowledge, and making career plans. Counselors desiring to use computer information systems will need in‐service training for examining program impact and philosophical issues, and in designing adjunct career guidance activities.
An Analysis of Counselor Verbal Interventions in Group Counseling
Authors: BROWN ROBERT W.
Published: December 2011

This study of verbal interventions of counselors during group counseling with predelinquent urban youth revealed that of the 12 counseling skills rated, 3 accounted for 2/3 of the verbal interventions used by the counselors.
Life Satisfaction of Nearly Retired and Retired Workers
Authors: DILLARD JOHN
Published: December 2011

This study of retired workers and those nearing retirement in a university setting revealed similarities in perceived life satisfaction but found significant differences among employment categories.
Early Childhood Special Education: New Employment Opportunities in Education
Authors: FEDERLEIN ANNE CAIRNS
Published: December 2011

The passing of federal Public Law 94–142 has created new job opportunities for teachers trained in both early childhood and special education.
Counseling: Practices and Practitioners
Authors: JOHNSON TERRY R. , HELWIG ANDREW A.
Published: December 2011

SRI International, formerly Stanford Research Institute, has been evaluating the impact of employment counseling in the mid 1970s in response to national shifts in organizational emphasis and funding.
Counseling “Unhappy People” Can Ruin You in the Ratings
Authors: STONE CHARLES R.
Published: December 2011

This study of 340 job applicants in North Carolina examined the relationship between unhappiness with job counseling services and unhappiness with life in general.
Career Values and Aspirations of Adult Female and Male Puerto Ricans, Blacks, and Anglos
Authors: DILLARD JOHN M. , CAMPBELL N. JO
Published: December 2011

This exploratory investigation found significant variations in career values among adults of Puerto Rican, Black, and Anglo ethnic and cultural backgrounds, but no distinct differences in career aspirations.
Follow‐up and Evaluation of Job Placement in Employment and Training
Authors: RODENSTEIN JUDITH M.
Published: December 2011

This study was designed to analyze the long‐term influence of employment and training programs on the labor force participation rate of CETA participants.
Employment Security in the Year 2084
Authors: BAILEY JOHN A. , ROBISON WILLIAM H.
Published: December 2011

For social and cultural survival, political stability, and preserving capitalistic systems of worker motivation, access to the work force will have to be radically changed before the end of the next century.
An Investigation of Job‐Seeker Preferences Through Multiple Methodologies
Authors: TERPSTRA DAVID E.
Published: December 2011

This study gauged job‐seeker preferences for selected job factors. Analyses indicated that adequate pay was relatively more important than factors related to the type of work. Also, sex, age, GPA, parents' income level, experience, and need for achievement influenced the relative importance of certain factors.
U.S. Employment Service Aptitude and Interest Testing for Occupational Exploration
Authors: DROEGE ROBERT C.
Published: December 2011

A new system of aptitude and interest testing in relation to a psychologically meaningful structure of occupations is described. A variety of applications of the system is described, including an example of group assessment and occupational exploration for workers who were about to lose their jobs due to a reduction in the work force.
Some Answers Are No Longer True
Authors: JAMES VICKI
Published: December 2011

This article discusses the personal conflicts of a single parent. The struggle to find employment and make adjustments both at home and on the job are candidly described.
Going to Work: A Challenging Time for Single Mothers
Authors: JONES SHERRILL C.
Published: December 2011

This article describes the problems of single mothers who have to return to work. Factors that cause stress to the parent‐child relationship are discussed. Some guidelines for meeting the challenges of being a single parent are proposed.
The Position of the Single‐Parent Father
Authors: GLADDING SAMUEL T. , HUBER CHARLES H.
Published: December 2011

This article presents the profile and roles of the single‐parent father. Problems that fathers face at work and at home are discussed. Recommendations are presented for counselors who work with single‐parent fathers.
Multiple Mentoring with Single Mothers
Authors: HULSE DIANA , SOURS DIANA
Published: December 2011

This article describes the use of multiple mentoring as a technique to help single mothers. The mentoring process and the use of multiple mentoring for preentry‐level women are reported. Practical considerations are given for counselors using such a model.
A Self‐Support System for Single Parents
Authors: PRINCE SYLVIA A.
Published: December 2011

This article discusses a self‐support system as one approach to helping the single parent. Techniques are presented to help the single‐parent job seeker develop self‐confidence and competencies to get a job.
U.S. Employment Service: First 50 Years, 1933–1983
Authors: ODELL CHARLES E.
Published: December 2011

This article reviews some of the landmarks and trends during the first 50 years of the U.S. Employment Service. It was originally written as the introductory chapter of a longer paper, “The Occupational Information Needs and Functions of the Employment Security‐Job Service,” which was submitted at the request of the Occupational Coordinating Council, Washington, D.C., March 1980. The purpose of the chapter was to describe the role and functions of the Employment Service and to show how the service could become more relevant during an age of computerized employment service operations involving highspeed electronic communications and retrieval systems.

Under the Reagan administration, much of the federal‐state employment service has been systematically dismantled. The Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) has been repealed and with it, large parts of the research, development, and counseling capacities have been wiped out. Only the great “supply side” depression of 1980–1983 saved the entire system from being demolished.
The Value of the U.S. Employment Service Automated Reporting System to Employment Counselors
Authors: DIRECTOR STEVEN M. , ENGLANDER FRED , MOELLER PATTI V.
Published: December 2011

This article discusses the value of the Employment Service Automated Reporting System, which assists labor market planners in employment and training agencies in developing necessary programs for reducing unemployment at the local level. It is postulated that more states should use the data from the system but be careful to avoid misleading approaches.
The Continuing Education and Renewal of Employee Assistance Program Counselors
Authors: BEALE ANDREW V.
Published: December 2011

The past decade has brought the emergence of thousands of employee assistance programs, but little, if anything, has been reported concerning the professional updating needs of program counselors. This article presents the results of an extensive assessment of the continuing education preferences of such counselors in one state.
Personnel Managers and the Stigmatized Employee
Authors: KENNEDY DANIEL B. , HOMANT ROBERT J.
Published: December 2011

This article reports on a program that researched the interplay between personnel managers and employee stigmatization.
Unemployment: The Living Death?
Authors: WINEGARDNER DONNA , SIMONETTI JACK L. , NYKODYM NICK
Published: December 2011

Unemployment can be viewed as a “living death” because the majority of unemployed persons participating in this study went through five stages that parallel the five stages through which a terminally ill patient passes. Stress caused by unemployment resulted in a loss of income and a loss of the individual's self‐image.
Teaching Employment Interview Skills to Unemployed Adults
Authors: MATHEWS R. MARK
Published: December 2011

This study evaluates the effects of a behaviorally based textbook on the performance of employment interview skills by unemployed adults.
Personality Consistency and Perceived Problem‐Solving Behavior and Attitudes: An Extension of Holland's Typology
Authors: MILLER MARK J. , KARRIKER CHARLES S. , PILGREEN JUDY C.
Published: December 2011

Holland's construct of consistency was used to predict self‐perceived behavior and attitudes typically associated with “successful” problem solving. The results tend to support Holland's premise that the higher the degree of personality consistency, the more students perceive their problem‐solving behavior and attitudes as successful.
Counselors' Reports of Performance: Facilitative and Debilitative Cognitions in the Job Interview
Authors: KELLER KEVIN E. , HEIMBERG RICHARD G. , PECA TERESA
Published: December 2011

Thirty vocational counselors participated in a job interview thought‐listing procedure. Potentially facilitative and debilitative cognitions relating to the job interview were grouped and analyzed in terms of their frequency of occurrence and their impact. The results show that the interviewee's cognitions relate to social evaluation and the skilled performance of interview tasks.
An Examination of Placement Services Available to Job Seekers: A Review of Laypersons' Literature
Authors: BUNCE MARIE E.
Published: December 2011

This article reviews some of the traditional services (public agencies, college placement offices, private employment agencies, executive search firms, and executive counseling) used by job seekers to find work, as described in some of the literature often read by laypersons.
Predictors of Sextypical and Asextypical Career Choice in College Undergraduates
Authors: HOLLERAN PAULA R. , LOPEZ LINDA C.
Published: December 2011

This study examined potential powerful predictors of sextypical and asextypical career choice in college men and women.
Demographic Profiles on AFDC Mothers Successfully Placed in Competitive Employment
Authors: HUSTEDDE WILLIAM , KLEIN MICHAEL A. , MEYER ANN B.
Published: December 2011

The purposes of this study were to research demographic characteristics of participants in a government work incentive program for AFDC recipients and to identify those characteristics that lead to successful employment through the program. Implications of the results for clients and staff members of work incentive programs are discussed, and limitations of the study are identified.
Career Counseling: Those Powerful Beginning Counselor Leads
Authors: MILLER MARK J.
Published: December 2011

This article partially fills an expressed void in our professional literature: articles illustrating effective career counseling techniques.
Social Skills Training To Improve Job Maintenance
Authors: BLACK JOHN L. , MUEHLENHARD CHARLENE L. , MASSEY FRANK H.
Published: December 2011

A social skills training procedure, which included videotaped feedback, videotaped modeling, focused instructions, coaching, and behavioral rehearsal, was implemented. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated and the results indicate that social skills training can be an effective treatment for job‐related stress.