bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A modeling approach to investigate drivers, variability and uncertainties in O2 fluxes and O2 : CO2 exchange ratios in a temperate forest
Authors: Yan Yuan , Klosterhalfen Anne , Moyano Fernando , Cuntz Matthias , Manning Andrew C. , Knohl Alexander
Published: October 2023

Abstract. The O2 : CO2 exchange ratio (ER) between
terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere is a key parameter for
partitioning global ocean and land carbon fluxes. The long-term terrestrial
ER is considered to be close to 1.10 mol of O2 consumed per mole of
CO2 produced. Due to the technical challenge in measuring directly the
ER of entire terrestrial ecosystems (EReco), little is known about
variations in ER at hourly and seasonal scales, as well as how different
components contribute to EReco. In this modeling study, we explored the
variability in and drivers of EReco and evaluated the hypothetical
uncertainty in determining ecosystem O2 fluxes based on current
instrument precision. We adapted the one-dimensional, multilayer
atmosphere–biosphere gas exchange model “CANVEG” to simulate hourly
EReco from modeled O2 and CO2 fluxes in a temperate beech
forest in Germany. We found that the modeled annual mean EReco ranged from 1.06 to 1.12 mol mol−1 within the 5-year study period. Hourly EReco showed
strong variations over diel and seasonal cycles and within the vertical
canopy profile. The determination of ER from O2 and CO2 mole fractions
in air above and within the canopy (ERconc) varied between 1.115 and
1.15 mol mol−1. CANVEG simulations also indicated that ecosystem
O2 fluxes could be derived with the flux-gradient method using measured
vertical gradients in scalar properties, as well as fluxes of CO2,
sensible heat and latent energy derived from eddy covariance measurements.
Owing to measurement uncertainties, however, the uncertainty in estimated
O2 fluxes derived with the flux-gradient approach could be as high as
15 µmol m−2 s−1, which represented the 90 % quantile of the
uncertainty in hourly data with a high-accuracy instrument. We also
demonstrated that O2 fluxes can be used to partition net CO2
exchange fluxes into their component fluxes of photosynthesis and
respiration if EReco is known. The uncertainty of the partitioned
gross assimilation ranged from 1.43 to 4.88 µmol m−2 s−1
assuming a measurement uncertainty of 0.1 or 2.5 µmol m−2 s−1
for net ecosystem CO2 exchange and from 0.1 to 15 µmol m−2 s−1 for net ecosystem O2 exchange, respectively. Our analysis
suggests that O2 measurements at ecosystem scale have the potential to
partition net CO2 fluxes into their component fluxes, but further
improvement in instrument precision is needed.
GOBAI-O2: temporally and spatially resolved fields of ocean interior dissolved oxygen over nearly 2 decades
Authors: Sharp Jonathan D. , Fassbender Andrea J. , Carter Brendan R. , Johnson Gregory C. , Schultz Cristina , Dunne John P.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. For about 2 decades, oceanographers have been installing oxygen
sensors on Argo profiling floats to be deployed throughout the world ocean,
with the stated objective of better constraining trends and variability in
the ocean's inventory of oxygen. Until now, measurements from these
Argo-float-mounted oxygen sensors have been mainly used for localized process
studies on air–sea oxygen exchange, upper-ocean primary production,
biological pump efficiency, and oxygen minimum zone dynamics. Here, we
present a new four-dimensional gridded product of ocean interior oxygen,
derived via machine learning algorithms trained on dissolved oxygen
observations from Argo-float-mounted sensors and discrete measurements from
ship-based surveys and applied to temperature and salinity fields
constructed from the global Argo array. The data product is called
GOBAI-O2, which stands for Gridded Ocean Biogeochemistry from Artificial Intelligence
– Oxygen (Sharp et al., 2022; https://doi.org/10.25921/z72m-yz67); it covers
86 % of the global ocean area on a 1∘ × 1∘
(latitude × longitude) grid, spans the years 2004–2022 with a monthly resolution, and
extends from the ocean surface to a depth of 2 km on 58 levels. Two
types of machine learning algorithms – random forest regressions and
feed-forward neural networks – are used in the development of
GOBAI-O2, and the performance of those algorithms is assessed using
real observations and simulated observations from Earth system model output.
Machine learning represents a relatively new method for gap filling ocean
interior biogeochemical observations and should be explored along with
statistical and interpolation-based techniques. GOBAI-O2 is evaluated
through comparisons to the oxygen climatology from the World Ocean Atlas,
the mapped oxygen product from the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project and to
direct observations from large-scale hydrographic research cruises. Finally,
potential uses for GOBAI-O2 are demonstrated by presenting average
oxygen fields on isobaric and isopycnal surfaces, average oxygen fields
across vertical–meridional sections, climatological seasonal cycles of
oxygen averaged over different pressure layers, and globally integrated time
series of oxygen. GOBAI-O2 indicates a declining trend in the oxygen inventory in the
upper 2 km of the global ocean of 0.79 ± 0.04 % per decade between 2004 and 2022.
Linear-stability analysis of plane beds under flows with suspended loads
Authors: Ohata Koji , Naruse Hajime , Izumi Norihiro
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Plane beds develop under flows in fluvial and marine environments; they are recorded as parallel lamination in sandstone beds, such as those found in turbidites. However, whereas turbidites typically exhibit parallel lamination, they rarely feature dune-scale cross-lamination. Although the reason for the scarcity of dune-scale cross-lamination in turbidites is still debated, the formation of dunes may be dampened by suspended loads. Here, we perform, for the first time, linear-stability analysis to show that flows with suspended loads facilitate the formation of plane beds. For a fine-grained bed, a suspended load can promote the formation of plane beds and dampen the formation of dunes. These results of theoretical analysis were verified with observational data of plane beds under open-channel flows. Our theoretical analysis found that suspended loads promote the formation of plane beds, which suggests that the development of dunes under turbidity currents is suppressed by the presence of suspended loads.
To what extent does river routing matter in hydrological modeling?
Authors: Cortés-Salazar Nicolás , Vásquez Nicolás , Mizukami Naoki , Mendoza Pablo A. , Vargas Ximena
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Spatially distributed hydrology and land surface models are typically
applied in combination with river routing schemes that convert instantaneous
runoff into streamflow. Nevertheless, the development of such schemes has
been somehow disconnected from hydrologic model calibration research,
although both seek to achieve more realistic streamflow simulations. In this
paper, we seek to bridge this gap to understand the extent to which the
configuration of routing schemes affects hydrologic model parameter searches
in water resources applications. To this end, we configure the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model coupled with the mizuRoute routing model
in the Cautín River basin (2770 km2), Chile. We use the Latin
hypercube sampling (LHS) method to generate 3500 different model parameters
sets, for which basin-averaged runoff estimates are obtained directly (no
routing or instantaneous runoff case) and are subsequently compared against
outputs from four routing schemes (unit hydrograph, Lagrangian kinematic
wave, Muskingum–Cunge, and diffusive wave) applied with five different
routing time steps (1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 h). The results show that
incorporating routing schemes may alter streamflow simulations at sub-daily,
daily, and even monthly timescales. The maximum Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE)
obtained for daily streamflow increases from 0.64 (instantaneous runoff) to
0.81 (for the best routing scheme), and such improvements do not depend on
the routing time step. Moreover, the optimal parameter sets may differ
depending on the routing scheme configuration, affecting the baseflow
contribution to total runoff. Including routing models decreases streamflow
values in flood frequency curves and may alter the probabilistic
distribution of the medium- and low-flow segments of the flow duration curve
considerably (compared to the case without routing). More generally, the
results presented here highlight the potential impacts of river routing
implementations on water resources applications that involve hydrologic
models and, in particular, parameter calibration.
Museari referente de los museos virtuales LGTBIQ+. Entrevista a Ricard Huerta
Authors: Soler-Navarro Joan J.
Published: October 2023

MUSEARI es un museo online que puede visitarse en internet con una trayectoria permanente de exposiciones temporales desde agosto del año 2015. Museari expone la obra de artistas que, desde la perspectiva de la diversidad sexual y de género, dibujan la realidad activista LGTBIQ+. El objetivo es reivindicar los derechos humanos, implementar políticas culturales, difundir innovadoras experiencias educativas y promover la convivencia y el equilibrio social, en un entorno apto para generar reflexiones estéticas y pedagógicas. Además de sus exposiciones mensuales en el museo virtual, cada año se organiza una exposición con la obra de los últimos doce artistas.
Academic Schematic Effect on English Language Instructors’ behavior in ESL Classes
Authors: Sardar Tahmina Sardar , Younus Dr. Noshanba Younus , Yaseen Afzala Yaseen
Published: October 2023

The objective of present study was to observe impact of behavior of English instructor on second language competence of Pakistani students in high school. The present research has been basically expository. It was adopted for surveying type of method to conduct functioning process. Populations were selected by applying random sampling. Sixty students and twenty teachers were selected to conduct research. Data was collected quantitatively. Data was collected through Questionnaire. It has been developed for getting evidence of educators and learners to understand opinions of respondents to see influence of teacher’s behavior on students’ progress.  New collection of facts has been scrutinized in form of tables and bar charts .Results of present research revealing manners of teachers. It had great impact on students’ performance in whole language learning process. It further resolved that etiquettes of educators had positive correlation with learners’ sense of understanding in language and educational progress. The study was concluded with essential and main suggestion for arranging special training for teachers to bring change in teachers’ manners because friendly and frank classroom environment would enable teachers to get desired linguistic proficiency of learners.
HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSING OF LEAD SCRAP AND ITS OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Задиранов А.Н. , Мещеряков А.В. , Малькова М.Ю. , Нурмагомедов Т.Н. , Грушева Т.Г. , Горшков А.С.
Published: October 2023

В работе представлена разработка технологической схемы комплексной переработки жил медного кабеля, имеющих на поверхности контактное покрытие, содержащее свинец. Исследован гидрометаллургический метод удаления (травления) свинца с поверхности медной жилы кабельного лома в растворах, состоящих из смеси уксусной кислоты и перекиси водорода при различных технологических параметрах. Проведена оптимизация регулируемых параметров процесса. Установлено, что наиболее высокие показатели скорости процесса растворения свинца достигаются при соотношении СН3СООН:Н2О2 = 2:1. Предложено уравнение зависимости процесса растворения свинца от регулируемых параметров: длительности обработки образца, температуры и рН раствора. Изучена кинетика процесса растворения свинца в растворе, состоящем из смеси уксусной кислоты и перекиси водорода. Получено уравнение процесса растворения свинца при атмосферном давлении в интервале температур 20–96 оС. Разработана и предложена современная технологическая схема переработки кабельного лома. Схема включает в себя технологические операции механической разделки и сортировки сырья с последующей гидро- и электрометаллургической переработкой полученного продукта. При этом каждый из выделенных по схеме материалов представляет собой готовый товарный продукт.

The aim of the work is to develop a technological scheme for the complex processing of copper cable cores with a contact coating containing lead on the surface. A hydrometallurgical method for the extraction of lead from cable scrap in solutions consisting of a mixture of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide at various technological parameters has been investigated. The optimization of the controlled parameters of the process has been carried out. It has been established that the highest rates of the lead dissolution process are achieved at the ratio of CH3COOH:H2O2 = 2:1. An equation is proposed for the dependence of the lead dissolution process on the regulated parameters: the duration of sample processing, temperature and pH of the solution. The kinetics of lead dissolution in a solution consisting of a mixture of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide has been studied. The equation of the lead dissolution process at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range of 20–96 C is obtained. A modern technological scheme for the processing of cable scrap has been developed and proposed. The scheme includes technological operations of mechanical cutting and sorting of raw materials with subsequent hydro- and electrometallurgical processing of the resulting product. At the same time, each of the materials selected according to the scheme is a finished commercial product.
INVESTIGATION OF MATERIAL PROPERTIES FOR CRYOGENIC PRODUCTS BY THE METHOD OF ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Ермаков С.Б. , Ермаков Б.С. , Вологжанина С.А. , Слепцов О.И.
Published: October 2023

Современные возможности аддитивных технологий позволяют максимально повысить коэффициент использования металла, снизить углеродный след, обеспечить быстрое и высококачественное получение изделий необходимых форм и размеров с минимальными отклонениями от требуемых геометрических размеров как из металлов и сплавов, так и из полимерных материалов. Однако почти полное отсутствие отечественных товаропроизводителей исходных порошков, а также недостаток информации об особенностях структурообразования в изделиях, выполненных методами 3D-печати, особенно с учетом эксплуатации в широком интервале температур, сдерживают развитие этой отрасли. В работе представлены результаты исследований порошков, полученных из распыленного порошка стали 12Х18Н12Т и образцов, изготовленных методом прямого лазерного сплавления, в интервале температур от +600 до –196 °С.

Modern capabilities of additive technologies allow to maximize the metal utilization rate, reduce the carbon footprint, ensure fast and highquality production of products of the required shapes and sizes with minimal deviations from the required geometric dimensions both from metals and alloys, and from polymeric materials. However, the almost complete absence of domestic producers of initial powders, as well as the lack of information about the features of structure formation in products made by 3D printing, especially taking into account operation in a wide temperature range, hinder the development of this industry. The paper presents the results of studies of powders obtained from the sprayed powder of steel 12Cr18Ni12Ti, and samples made by direct laser melting, in the temperature range from +600 to –196 °С.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INTENSITY OF RESIDUAL STRESSES IN A GROWING BODY OBTAINED BY THE ELECTRIC ARC METHOD
Authors: Абашкин Е.Е. , Ткачева А.В.
Published: October 2023

В работе исследуется интенсивность остаточных напряжений, образованных в теле (стенке) из низкоуглеродистой стали, получаемом в результате послойной электродуговой наплавки. Растущий материал принимается упругопластическим, а деформации малыми и состоящими из упругих и пластических. Упругие деформации связаны с напряжениями законом Дюамеля-Неймана, пластические возникают и развиваются благодаря пластическому течению в рамках ассоциированного закона. Для определения реального предела текучести производится натурный эксперимент, в ходе которого из стенки, полученной путем электродугового послойного наращивания, вырезаются плоские образцы и испытываются на растяжение с различной скоростью в разрывной машине, в результате строится диаграмма деформирования, зная которую выбирается условие вязкого пластического течения Мизеса. Математически моделируется процесс послойного наращивания металлоизделия, а также вычисляются остаточные напряжения. В результате решения задачи установлено, что для улучшения аддитивной технологии наплавляемый слой должен быть наименьшим, а температура растущего тела высокой.

The paper investigates the intensity of residual stresses formed in the body (wall) of low-carbon steel obtained by layer-by-layer arc surfacing. The growing material is assumed to be elastic-plastic, and the deformations are small and consist of elastic and plastic. Elastic deformations are related to stresses by the Duhamel-Neumann law, plastic ones arise and develop due to plastic flow within the framework of the associated law. To determine the real yield strength, a full-scale experiment is carried out, during which flat samples are cut out of the wall obtained by layer-by-layer electric arc growth and tested for tension at different speeds in a tensile testing machine, as a result, a deformation diagram is plotted. Knowing which, the von Mises viscous plastic flow condition is chosen. The process of layer-by-layer build-up of a metal product is mathematically modeled, and residual stresses are also calculated. As a result of solving the problem, it was found that in order to improve the additive technology, the deposited layer should be the smallest, and the temperature of the growing body should be high.
Perception of Breast Cancer Among Women Sufferers and Its Influence on Their Uptake of Immunohistochemistry Services in Imo State Tertiary Hospitals, Nigeria
Authors: C. Anochiwa Kingsley , Ibe S.N.O. , Nwoke E. A.
Published: October 2023

Background: Breast cancer is the cancer in which women are most frequently diagnosed, making it a significant global public health issue. Although advanced nations have a higher incidence of breast cancer, poor nations like Nigeria have the highest rates of morbidity and mortality from the disease.
Objective: This study explored how breast cancer was perceived in Imo State among women with breast cancer and how it affected people’s usage of Immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique to diagnose and manage their condition.
Methodology: Descriptive study methodology for the investigation, and 121 participants were chosen at random from the 891 total population. The respondents were chosen through a systematic sampling procedure. Structured questionnaire was used as the data collection tool, and the statistical software for social science (SPSS) was used to analyze the data.
Results: The mean age of the 121 participants in study was 45.2±0.7 years. Many of the perception factors about breast cancer disease and its treatment recorded positive results with high mean score of 4 points out of a 5-point scale. Despite overall high positivity of perception of breast cancer treatment/management (4.09±0.97) among our respondents, it could not be counted to be as a predictor of IHC service uptake, as it associated weakly.
Conclusion: In this study, the consumption of IHC services was influenced by the respondents' perception of the disease and cannot be used as an impact factor on non-utilization.

Key words: Breast; cancer Uptake, immunohistochemistry, age, education, perception
Evaluating Core Muscle Strength for Transversus Abdominis Among Normal Individuals - An Observational Study
Authors: R. Rathod Sheshna , J. Vyas Neeta , M. Sorani Dinesh
Published: October 2023

Background: Lack of control in deep muscles may result into poor segmental support even during activities of daily living in people with or without history of low back pain. This states the importance of muscular system in control of spinal stability.
Aim: To evaluate and estimate core strength of lumbar region in normal individuals.
Methods and Material: Cross sectional observational study with convenience sampling was carried out on 843 normal healthy individuals between the age group of 18 – 60 years. Core strength was estimated by pressure biofeedback unit with individual in prone formal test to assess transversus abdominis. Pressure reduction which was held at least up to 10 seconds was noted. The same procedure was repeated for three times and the best of the three repetitions was used for analysis.
Statistical analysis: MedCalc version 19.7.4 was used. Reference ranges were calculated with 90% CI with non-parametric percentile method.
Results: Reference range was 2 – 10 mmHg with median 9 mmHg for all the subjects between the age group of 18-60 years. Reference range for males (5 – 10 mmHg) was higher than females (2 – 10 mmHg) among this age group. Median for males and females was 10 mmHg and 6 mmHg respectively. Reference ranges was 5 – 10 mmHg for 18 – 30 years, 2 – 10 mmHg for 31 – 40 years and 41 – 50 years respectively and 2 – 9 mmHg for 51 – 60 years age groups.
Conclusions: Reference range for the core strength of lumbar region among normal individuals as measured by pressure biofeedback unit is 2 – 10 mmHg.

Key words: Core strength, Pressure biofeedback unit, Reference range, Transversus abdominis
An overview on 2-indolinone derivatives as anticancer agents
Authors: Ibrahim Samy M. , Abdelkhalek Ahmed S. , Abdel-Raheem Shaban A. A. , Freah Nada E. , Hady Nada H. El , Aidia Nada K. , Tawfeq Nada A. , Gomaa Nora I. , Fouad Nora M. , Salem Hager A. , Ibrahim Hager M. , Sebai Mahmoud M.
Published: October 2023

2-Indolinone nucleus is considered one of a promising heterocyclic core in medicinal chemistry that showed numerous range of activity among which antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, antitubercular and anticancer activities. Cancer targeting is still an issue so there is a need for developing new agents that inhibit cancer growth without or low effect on normal body cells. Some derivatives of indolin-2-one are known to be a critical structure in some inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs); a cancer target therapy, for example, Sunitinib. Herein in this review we focus on 2-indolinone derivatives as RTKs inhibitors as cancer targeting therapy.
Synthesis and characterisation of novel metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on zirconium and bicinchoninic acid
Authors: Albayati Noor , AL-dulaimy Waseem Yousif M. , Jweeg Muhsin J , Kadhom Mohammed , Salih Suhaib , Abdullah Ghassan
Published: October 2023

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a relatively new class of materials of unique porous structures and exceptional properties. Currently, more than 110,000 types of MOFs have been reported among the countless possibilities. In this study, we have synthesised a novel MOF using zirconium chloride as the metal source and 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-biquinoline (bicinchoninic acid disodium salt) as the linker, which reacted in N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. Three preparation methods were employed to prepare five types of the MOF, and they were compared to optimize the synthesis conditions. The resulting MOFs, named Zr-BADS, were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), microscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). By incorporating methanol into the preparation solvent, the surface area was increased to 396 m2/g. Additionally, the prepared MOFs exhibited amorphous shapes, with variations in size depending on the synthesis method. This research demonstrates the significance of the preparation method in controlling resulting particles’ properties.
Development of some self-care skills for children with an autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Alanazi Abdullah Saleh , Almulla Abdullah Ahmed , Khasawneh Mohamad Ahmad Saleem
Published: October 2023

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an intervention program implemented in Saudi Arabia, aimed at equipping children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with essential self-care skills. The research employed a quasi-experimental design, encompassing both an intervention group and a non-intervention group. The results of the study revealed that following the implementation of the intervention, the experimental group exhibited a noteworthy enhancement in their self-care capabilities in comparison to the control group. The results of the study revealed a noteworthy disparity in the post-test scores between the experimental group and the control group, thus providing compelling evidence for the effectiveness of the training program in fostering the development of self-care skills. The findings align harmoniously with previous research endeavors that have explored effective strategies for enhancing self-care skills among children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The intervention demonstrated a commendable display of cultural sensitivity by duly considering the intricacies of Saudi Arabian culture, which places great value on the significance of familial and communal bonds. The efficacy of the intervention can be attributed to its astute consideration of cultural norms and its inclusive approach involving parents and other caretakers. The results of this study suggest that the integration of culturally appropriate modifications to evidence-based interventions holds promise in facilitating the development of self-sufficiency and improving the overall quality of life for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study's limitations, including its modest sample size and absence of extended follow-up, warrant further inquiry into strategies to enhance the study's robustness and applicability.
Basic Life Support Training on Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation among Class IV employees working in Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni (Bk)
Authors: Cambell Rubina , Sivabalan T.
Published: October 2023

Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the common public health problems in the world. The cardiac arrest individual needs immediate rescue care (CPR) to support and maintain breathing and circulation. The public and non-medical professionals lack awareness and skill in performing CPR may leads to withdrawal and faulty CPR technique. Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of Basic life support training on knowledge and skill of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation among class IV employees and compare the knowledge and skill with their demographic variables. Methods: A quasi experimental study, pre-test and post-test design with control group approach was conducted among 30 Class IV employees working in Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni. The class IV employees above 18 years were selected using simple random sampling. Data was collected by pre designed structured questionnaire and checklist. The results were analyzed using descriptive (percent, mean and SD), inferential statistics (paired “t” test and Chi square test). Results: The result revealed that there was an improvement in the knowledge on CPR (pre-test mean score 11.93±2.79 and post test score was 16.97±3.43, with effectiveness of 16.8%. The difference between the scores was significant ‘t’= 11.39 at 0.05 level. The participants exhibited partially adaptive skill on CPR with mean score of 13.4±3.12, scores range from 1 to 20. The socio demographic variables like age and area of work were significantly associated with knowledge, and age was significantly associated with skill on CPR (P<0.05). Conclusion: After the basic life support training there is a significant improvement in knowledge and skill on CPR by the class IV employees. This training can be used as standardized protocol for training the lay person on CPR which significantly contributes in reduction of mortality and morbidity.
A case of acute bacterial meningitis presenting with cerebellar infarct
Authors:   Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Bhatinda, Punjab, India., Singla Sanjeev Kumar
Published: October 2023

Acute meningitis is a fatal infection of the central nervous system and may be associated with complications like cerebral infarcts, but Cerebellar infarcts are rare.
The importance of color doppler echocardiography and advanced imaging in evaluation of pediatric cardiac symptoms
Authors:   Arkansas Childrens Hospital, 1 Childrens Way, Slot 512-3, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202-3591, USA., Almasri Murad
Published: October 2023

Congenital coronary artery anomalies (CCAs) are rare and can be very challenging to diagnose. We present 4 cases of abnormal coronary arteries origins, a child with a left main coronary artery (LMCA) from the right coronary artery (RCA) and 3 others with an RCA from the LMCA.
Flaccid paralysis revealing hyperkalaemia in emergency service in Gabon: A case report and literature review
Authors:   Omar Bongo Ondimba Militarys Hospital (HIAOBO), Libreville, Gabon., Ghislain Edjo Nkilly
Published: October 2023

Hyperkalaemia is a lethal emergency, which can lead to death by the toxic effect of potassium on myocardial cells. Usual presentation is dominated by cardiac arrhythmias. Flaccid paralysis is a rare presentation of hyperkalaemia
Right atrial diverticulum: A case report and review of literature
Authors:   Director, Cardiovascular Anaesthesia, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon, Singh Ajmer
Published: October 2023

Right atrial diverticulum is a rare congenital abnormality. The presentation can vary from asymptomatic to hemodynamically significant arrhythmia or right heart compression.
Intraoperative hysteroscopy and transrectal ultrasound to facilitate genital reconstruction in a female patient with clitoromegaly due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia: A case report
Authors:   Hospital Universitario Ramony Cajal, Spain., Mezquita Gonzalo
Published: October 2023

We present the case of a 29-year-old female who had atypical genitalia due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia secondary to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Steroid misuse and its effect on sexually transmitted diseases among female sex workers: A cross sectional study
Authors:   University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh., Hossain Golam
Published: October 2023

Background: Globally, female sex workers (FSWs) are considered as a high-risk population for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Although several studies investigated STDs among FSWs in Bangladesh, but study on misuse of steroid among FSWs was poorly documented
A tale of multiple primaries: Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma, vaginal vault and renal cell carcinoma in a 52 years old female
Authors:   ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Tathagata Chatterjee
Published: October 2023

Cancer patients have 15-25% higher risk of second malignancy compared to general population. We hereby describe an extremely unusual case of 52-years-old-female with Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (NEC) of vaginal vault developing 4
Obesity in Adolescents: Can it be affected by the use of the Technological Media?
Authors:   General Hospital of Thoracic Diseases Sotiria, 115 27 Athens, Greece, Theofilou Paraskevi
Published: October 2023

One of the most important problems, which public health is called to face, is obesity. The World Health Organization (WHO) underlines that worldwide more than 380 million of overweight or obese children and adolescents exist.
Modulatory Target for Tumor Immunotherapy: Gut Microbiota
Authors:   First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China., Li Guanqun
Published: October 2023

Tumor immunotherapy has been the novel frontier of cancer therapy after surgical treatment, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
HİSSETTİĞİM YAŞTAYIM, KIZIM BENİM STİL DANIŞMANIM! BİRLİKTE ALIŞVERİŞTE ANNE KIZ ETKİLEŞİMLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: KILIÇER Tuğba , PAÇ ÇELİK Eda
Published: October 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı, birlikte alışverişte anneler ile kızları arasında yaşanan etkileşimleri ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırma 12 ile 18 yaş arası kız çocuğu olan ve kızıyla alışveriş yapan anneler üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada yargısal örneklem tekniğinden yararlanılarak 337 kadına ulaşılmıştır. Açıklayıcı faktör analizi ile araştırma kapsamında incelenen yapıların yapısal anlamda geçerliliği sağlanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre, katılımcı anneler kızlarıyla birlikte alışverişe çıkmakta, alışveriş yaparken onlara rol model olmaya çok önem vermekte, alışverişin hedonik yönünü çok önemsemekte ve kızlarından yeni markaları öğrenmektedir. Hissettiği yaş 35 yaşın altında katılımcıların; kızlarıyla birlikte alışverişe çıkma, alışverişin hedonik yönünü daha yoğun hissetme, kızına rol model olma, ürünlerle ilgili kızıyla benzer stile sahip olma ve kızının tarzından etkilenme eğilimleri daha yüksektir. Erken ergenlik döneminde kızı olan anneler ile orta ergenlik döneminde kızı olan annelerin ürünlerle ilgili benzer stile sahip olma, rol model olma, duygusal tepkiler karşısında satın alma ve mantıksal argümanlar öne sürerek erteleme eğilimleri arasında anlamlı fark bulunmaktadır.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF ENA PROFILE AND SOME NEW IMMUNOLOGICAL MARKERS IN LUPUS NEPHRITIS PATIENTS IN KERBALA PROVINCE
Authors: Essa AbuAlmaaly Asmaa Salah , Hassan AL-Masudi Prof. Hadi Rasool , Salah Mahdi al-kurdi Dr. Mohammed
Published: October 2023

Lupus nephritis is an immune complex Glomerular Nephritis (GN) that develops as a frequent complication of SLE, the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis involves a variety of pathogenic mechanisms. The external etiology of systemic lupus is based on multiple combinations of genetic variants that compromise those mechanisms normally assuring immune tolerance to nuclear auto antigens, the increased incidence of ESRD underlines the importance of early diagnosis in this difficult to control disease with unpredictable course
        This study aimed to distinguished between the patients with primary glomerulonephritis from the secondary glomerulonephritis (SLE) by using the Phospholipase A2 receptor test (PLA2R), and aimed to use the ENA screen test to detect The patients with naïve SLE from the patient with SLE associated with other autoimmune disease, also measurement the the concentration of NGAL, VCAM, ANA, ds-DNA   by using ELISA method, this research included eighty-five female patients.
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY TO DETERMINE THE PREVALENCE OF E.GINGIVALIS IN ORAL OF DIABETIC MELLITUS PATIENTS IN CITY OF KERBALA
Authors: Khader Hashem Zahra Abdul
Published: October 2023

Background: Many people suffer from infection with Entamoeba gingivalis which mainly causes for periodontitis and other dental diseases specially in patient suffering from Diabetic mellitus.
Aim of study: To determine the prevalence of the Entamoeba gingivalis among diabetes mellitus patients in Kerbala city.
Methodology: oral swap samples were collected from 300 of respondents ( patients were diagnosed clinically by physician suffering from DM) attended to Imam Hassan Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes  and some of outpatients clinics  in Kerbala Province of Iraq  from May to August 2023. Oral  swap specimens were collected and immediately introduced for microscopic examination for diagnosis of Entamoeba gingivalis parasites.
Studying Introspection in Animals and AIs
Authors: Browning Heather , Veit Walter
Published: October 2023

The study of introspection has, up until now, been predominantly human-centric, with regrettably little attention devoted to the question of whether introspection might exist in non-humans, such as animals and artificial intelligence (AI), and what distinct forms it might take. In their
target article, Kammerer and Frankish (this issue) aim to address this oversight by offering a non-anthropocentric framework for understanding introspection that could be used to address these questions. However, their discussions on introspection in animals and AIs were quite brief. In this
commentary, we will build on their suggestions to offer some methodological guidance for how future research into introspection in animals and AIs might proceed.
Introspective Capabilities in Large Language Models
Authors: Long Robert
Published: October 2023

This paper considers the kind of introspection that large language models (LLMs) might be able to have. It argues that LLMs, while currently limited in their introspective capabilities, are not inherently unable to have such capabilities: they already model the world, including mental
concepts, and already have some introspection-like capabilities. With deliberate training, LLMs may develop introspective capabilities. The paper proposes a method for such training for introspection, situates possible LLM introspection in the 'possible forms of introspection' framework proposed
by Kammerer and Frankish, and considers the ethical ramifications of introspection and self-report in AI systems.
Can We Use the Study of Introspection to Assess Decision-Making and Understand Consciousness in Cephalopods? A Reply to Kammerer and Frankish
Authors: Mather Jennifer , Andrade Michaella P.
Published: October 2023

Kammerer and Frankish (this issue) suggest we evaluate introspection of mental states to examine consciousness, but in cephalopods we can only judge internal actions by behaviour output. We can look for mental states — perceptions, beliefs, and intentions — where the tight
input–action linkage that is true for reflexes, instincts, and well-learned actions is discontinuous. Here the animal is internally evaluating the sensory input from previous information and making a decision before acting. Perceptions: the octopus motion parallax head bob and wound
tending. Beliefs: the cuttlefish delay of gratification. Intentions: use of previous information for future strategies in octopus win-switch foraging and carrying a coconut for future shelter. Intentions are also used in skin displays, their widespread directional lateralization, the octopus
'passing cloud' to startle an immobile prey, the cuttlefish eyespot dot production to repel only visual predators, and the cuttlefish males' deceptive use of the female skin display. These examples allow us to assume in what situations introspection might be used but tell us little about the
process of these actions. However, the quantitative variation, laterality, and combination of different displays suggest that cephalopod sexual skin displays are a special case of linkage of internal evaluation to external output that needs further behavioural and neurophysiological assessment.
Introspection in Group Minds, Disunities of Consciousness, and Indiscrete Persons
Authors: Schwitzgebel Eric , Nelson Sophie R.
Published: October 2023

Kammerer and Frankish (this issue) challenge us to expand our conception of introspection beyond neurotypical human cases. This article describes a possible 'ancillary mind' modelled on a system envisioned in Leckie's (2013) science fiction novel Ancillary Justice. The ancillary
mind constitutes a borderline case between a communicating group of individuals and a single, spatially distributed mind. It occupies a grey zone with respect to personal identity and subject individuation, neither determinately one person or subject nor determinately many persons or subjects,
and thus some of its processes might be neither determinately introspection within a mind nor determinately communication between minds. If ancillary minds defy discrete countability, the same might be true for some actual minds on Earth. Kammerer and Frankish's research programme can be extended
to include not only the study of possible forms of introspection, but also the study of possible mental activity intermediate between introspection and communication.
Transforming Adversity Into Opportunity: Assessing User Satisfaction in Hospital Transformation in Lieu of a Pandemic Through the Multi-Corridor Expansion Model for Epidemic Management and Environmental Design Enhancement
Authors: Bhatti Omer Shujat , Ghufran Muhammad Asad , Shah Atta Ullah
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic brought the world to a standstill, demonstrating the critical importance of preparedness and adaptation in the face of pandemics and epidemics. Pandemics and epidemics have been a persistent threat throughout human history, causing significant mortality and morbidity, as well as disrupting economies, societies, and politics. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, had a profound impact on healthcare systems worldwide, leading to hospitals transforming into pandemic centers. This case study, conducted at Riphah International Hospital (RIH) in Islamabad, Pakistan, explores the transformation of an existing facility into a pandemic center, highlighting the challenges faced in managing the pandemic conditions and ensuring the safety of the public and medical teams. The study was based on an observational study and data collection from end users with respect to transformation satisfaction and issues faced. Spatial segregation, logistics, air flow control, managing infection control, etc were major challenges faced and managed. Stress was high for the end users who facilitated in medical teams. The study emphasizes the critical importance of preparedness and adaptation in the face of pandemics/epidemics, including the need for specialized training of medical personnel, dedicated COVID-19 units in hospitals, and a robust and resilient healthcare system that can manage future epidemics.
Typhoid Fever: An Emerging Global Threat
Authors:   Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India, Gupta Sneha
Published: October 2023

Typhoid fever, a formidable infectious disease, is caused primarily by the cunning bacterium known as Salmonella Typhi. This stealthy pathogen often finds its way into our bodies through tainted food and water, setting the stage for a grave public health challenge. Once inside, the Salmonella Typhi bacteria embarks on a dangerous journey, infiltrating our bloodstream and unleashing a host of distressing symptoms, with potentially lifethreatening consequences. In this paper, we delve into the everevolving world of typhoid fever, paying close attention to how urbanization and climate change are transforming the landscape and amplifying its worldwide reach. Understanding the titer value allows for the full and accurate analysis of a Widal test. To acquire the typhoid test report, a good diagnosis requiring titers in the range of 1:20, 1:40, 1:60, 1:80, 1:160, and 1:200 is made.
La luna di Egesianatte: SH 466-467
Authors: Rossetti Matteo
Published: October 2023

Della produzione didascalica di argomento astronomico dell’età ellenistica la tradizione manoscritta ci ha consegnato soltanto i Fenomeni di Arato, poema che sin da subito ha goduto di un vasto successo, testimoniato da riscritture, commenti e traduzioni. Poco sappiamo della poesia astronomica non aratea, di cui rimangono sparute testimonianze ed esempi frammentari, tra cui spiccano i cinque esametri sulla luna di Egesianatte (SH 466-467). Il presente contributo intende valutare la posizione di Egesianatte all’interno della poesia didascalica di argomento astronomico, prendendo in considerazione le testimonianze sulla sua produzione astronomica e analizzando tanto il contesto di citazione dei versi, quanto il testo stesso dei frammenti.
Natalia Ginzburg fra la scoperta della vocazione teatrale e l’esigenza di descrivere la problematicità del quotidiano e dell'intimismo domestico: l’esempio di Ti ho sposato per allegria
Authors: Naguib Mohamed
Published: October 2023

L’intento del presente studio è gettare maggiore luce sull’opera drammaturgica di Ginzburg, tenuta a lungo in ombra rispetto al resto della sua produzione letteraria, per collocarla all’interno della drammaturgia italiana, cercando di capire come avviene il suo esordio a teatro. Si prende in esame la prima opera drammaturgica della scrittrice Ti ho sposato per allegria che dà avvio a un’attività di autrice teatrale talmente intensa, che copre il periodo dal 1965 al 1991. Lo studio evidenzia come il teatro per la scrittrice sia la continuazione della vena narrativa con altri mezzi e la possibilità di dare voce a punti di vista diversi. Inoltre si cerca di spiegare perché il teatro dell’autrice sia definito ‘di parola’ o ‘della chiacchiera’ e per quale motivo l’uso delle didascalie nei suoi drammi sia limitato. Si arriva a constatare che il suo è un teatro-cronaca che tende a processare il presente in chiave domestica.
EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, PROXIMATE STATUS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF Gongronema latifolium (Benth) FRUIT
Authors:   Department of Applied Biochemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Anambra state, Nigeria, Onwukeme C. A. , Udedi S. C. ,   Department of Applied Biochemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Anambra state, Nigeria, Asogwa K. K. ,   Department of Applied Biochemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Anambra state, Nigeria, Nwodo N. M. ,   Department of Applied Biochemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Anambra state, Nigeria, Ijeoma W. C. ,   Department of Applied Biochemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Anambra state, Nigeria
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the chemical composition, proximate status, and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of G. latifolium fruit. The chemical composition was determined using spectrophotometric method. Moisture, ash, lipid, and fibre contents were determined using gravimetric method, while crude protein and total carbohydrate were determined using kjeldahl and difference methods respectively. Acute toxicity study was carried out with eighteen albino rats using lorke’s method. The in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities, reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation were determined spectrophotometrically. The results of phytochemical composition obtained are flavonoids(39.32±0.88mgCE/g), phenols(37.50±1.41mgGAC/g), tannins(31.45±0.46mgTAE/g), oxalates(3.45±0.41mg/g), saponins (2.91±0.53%), alkaloids (0.23±0.06%), phytates (0.14±0.00%), beta carotene (0.12±0.03%), and lycopene (0.09±0.02%). Total carbohydrate, crude protein, lipid, moisture, ash, and crude fibre obtained are 64.59%, 10.07%, 9.20%, 8.62%, 4.96%, and 2.85% respectively. The fruit extract has antioxidant effect with EC50 318.65.
Comparative Anatomical and Histological study of gall bladder in Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Broiler fowl (Gallus gallus )
Authors: Abdlhlym Soudd.Abdullah , Huwait Abduljabar .R.Huwait , Nadihm .A.shehan
Published: October 2023

The current study was investigated anatomical and histological description of gall bladder of two specious   which different in nutrition and life habitat Mallard (Anas platyrhnchos) aquatic life bird, and broiler fowl (Gallus gallus)  wild life bird ,used ten bird of each specious ,anatomical result founded  the gall bladder  is located at the visceral surface right lobe of liver at right side of abdominal cavity, and composed of three parts head, neck and body, gall bladder in both specious appeared with dark green color. Gall bladder of mallard has balloon shape more elongated organ while in Gallus gallus is pear shape, the mean weight of gall bladder in mallard (1.91±0.56 g) , length (3.07±0.505 cm) and  width (3.07±0.5 cm )  while broiler fowl weight of gall bladder (8.24±2.88 g), length (3.31±0.8 cm)and width (3.56±1.32 cm ) .Histologically; Gall bladder in mallard has three main layers:  tunica mucosa,  tunica muscularis  and tunica adventitia ,tunica mucosa  which lined by simple columnar epithelium non-ciliated with goblet cells and the  lamina propria-submucosa composed of  loos connective tissue  , tunica muscularis  was a thick layer of muscles (smooth muscles) and adventitia  made of loos connective tissue , while gall bladder of Gallus gallus domesticus has three  layer; tunica  mucosa, lamina propria  -submucosa, tunica  muscularis and adventitia  , tunica mucosa which lined by simple columnar epithelia  non- ciliated without goblet cells  , with present  lamina propria -submucosa fused with lamina propria ,and thin layer of  tunica muscularis  and adventitia  made of loos connective tissue .