bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat Shock Enhances the Expression of the Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type-I (HTLV-I) Trans-Activator (Tax) Antigen in Human HTLV-I Infected Primary and Cultured T Cells
Authors: Kunihiro Marie , Fujii Hideki , Miyagi Takuya , Takahashi Yoshiaki , Tanaka Reiko , Fukushima Takuya , Ansari Aftab , Tanaka Yuetsu
Published: July 2016

The environmental factors that lead to the reactivation of human T cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-I) in latently infected T cells in vivo remain unknown. It has been previously shown that heat shock (HS) is a potent inducer of HTLV-I viral protein expression in long-term cultured cell lines. However, the precise HTLV-I protein(s) and mechanisms by which HS induces its effect remain ill-defined. We initiated these studies by first monitoring the levels of the trans-activator (Tax) protein induced by exposure of the HTLV-I infected cell line to HS. HS treatment at 43 °C for 30 min for 24 h led to marked increases in the level of Tax antigen expression in all HTLV-I-infected T cell lines tested including a number of HTLV-I-naturally infected T cell lines. HS also increased the expression of functional HTLV-I envelope gp46 antigen, as shown by increased syncytium formation activity. Interestingly, the enhancing effect of HS was partially inhibited by the addition of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)-inhibitor pifithlin-μ (PFT). In contrast, the HSP 70-inducer zerumbone (ZER) enhanced Tax expression in the absence of HS. These data suggest that HSP 70 is at least partially involved in HS-mediated stimulation of Tax expression. As expected, HS resulted in enhanced expression of the Tax-inducible host antigens, such as CD83 and OX40. Finally, we confirmed that HS enhanced the levels of Tax and gp46 antigen expression in primary human CD4+ T cells isolated from HTLV-I-infected humanized NOD/SCID/γc null (NOG) mice and HTLV-I carriers. In summary, the data presented herein indicate that HS is one of the environmental factors involved in the reactivation of HTLV-I in vivo via enhanced Tax expression, which may favor HTLV-I expansion in vivo.
ANALYSIS OF STABILITY DERIVATIVES IMPORTANT TO RECOVERY FROM SPIN
Authors: FIGAT Marcin , GORAJ Zdobysław
Published: July 2016

This paper describes the numerical analysis of light aircraft stability derivatives in a wide range of angles of attack, important for recovery from spin. Stability derivatives versus angle of attack and sideslip were calculated using a CFD software, based on Euler equation combined with boundary layer equations. The analysis was performed up to the 40 deg of angle of attack and up to 25 deg of sideslip.
A REVIEW OF IMPORTANT COGNITIVE CONCEPTS IN AVIATION
Authors: MARTINS Ana P. G.
Published: July 2016

Even considering the current low accident rate in aviation, the anticipated growth in the number of airplanes in the air in the next decades will lead to an inadmissible rise in the number of accidents. These have been mostly attributed to human error and a misunderstanding of automation by the crew, especially during periods of high workload and stress in the cockpit. Therefore, increased safety requires not only advances in technology, but improved cockpit design including better human-machine interface. These cannot be achieved however, without considering some of the cognitive constructs that affect the behaviour of pilots in the cockpit. In fact, given its characteristics and public visibility, the flight deck of commercial jets is one of the most common arenas for the study of complex and skilled human performance. Here I present a literature review on the selected topics of workload, situation awareness, stress and automation in the cockpit, with the goal of supporting the development of new technologies.
ION COLLISIONAL TRANSPORT COEFFICIENTS IN THE SOLAR WIND AT 1 au
Authors: Hellinger Petr
Published: July 2016

Proton and alpha particle collisional transport coefficients (isotropization, relative deceleration frequencies, and heating rates) at 1 au are quantified using the Wind/Solar Wind Experiment data. In agreement with previous studies, the ion–ion Coulomb collisions are generally important for slow solar wind streams and tend to reduce the temperature anisotropies, the differential streaming, and the differences between the proton and alpha particle temperatures. In slow solar wind streams the Coulomb collisions between protons and alpha particles are important for the overall proton energetics, as well as the relative deceleration between the two species. It is also shown that ion temperature anisotropies and differential streaming need to be taken into account for evaluation of the collisional transport coefficients.
COSMOGENIC NEUTRINOS CHALLENGE THE COSMIC-RAY PROTON DIP MODEL
Authors: Heinze Jonas , Boncioli Denise , Bustamante Mauricio , Winter Walter
Published: July 2016

The origin and composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) remain a mystery. The proton dip model describes their spectral shape in the energy range above 109 GeV by pair production and photohadronic interactions with the cosmic microwave background. The photohadronic interactions also produce cosmogenic neutrinos peaking around 109 GeV. We test whether this model is still viable in light of recent UHECR spectrum measurements from the Telescope Array experiment and upper limits on the cosmogenic neutrino flux from IceCube. While two-parameter fits have been already presented, we perform a full scan of the three main physical model parameters: source redshift evolution, injected proton maximal energy, and spectral index. We find qualitatively different conclusions compared to earlier two-parameter fits in the literature: a mild preference for a maximal energy cutoff at the sources instead of the Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin cutoff, hard injection spectra, and strong source evolution. The predicted cosmogenic neutrino flux exceeds the IceCube limit for any parameter combination. As a result, the proton dip model is challenged at more than 95% C.L. This is strong evidence against this model independent of mass composition measurements.
Pourquoi donner son corps à la science ?
Authors: Bernard Julien
Published: July 2016

Cet article s’intéresse aux motivations des personnes désirant donner leur corps à la science. Il confronte et combine l’analyse des études quantitatives existant sur le sujet avec l’analyse de discours des donateurs recueillis par entretiens. Aux motifs affichés d’adhésion positive au sens du geste et à ses conséquences, sa beauté morale ou son utilité pratique, s’ajoutent d’autres raisons, moins facilement avouables, qui apparentent le don du corps à un choix par défaut ou qui dénotent une opposition à la ritualité funéraire. Le récit des motifs fait dès lors apparaître l’idée de vouloir disparaître du monde des vivants tout en continuant d’être utile à la société par l’intermédiaire de son corps mort. Le don du corps apparaît comme le résultat d’un processus décisionnel impliquant diverses variables dont la représentation du corps, de la vie après la mort, et de l’importance de la ritualité funéraire pour les proches.
Réflexions sur les activités pédagogiques et de recherches en médecine en relation avec le don du corps à la science à l’ère de l’outil numérique et de la pédagogie par simulation
Authors: Richer Jean-Pierre , Brèque Cyril , Danion Jérôme , Delpech Pierre-Olivier , Oriot Denis , Faure Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2016

Les modalités de l’enseignement anatomique est discutée mais constitue un élément important de la formation des futures professionnels en médecine. Des outils numériques procurent actuellement des modèles anatomiques, cependant leur utilisation en éducation médicale reste limitée. La dissection cadavérique humaine continue d’être un outil essentiel dans l’apprentissage de l’anatomie dans la formation médicale. L’enseignement et la recherche en anatomie est basée sur le Don du Corps à la science. Plus encore, le cadavre humain reste une référence pour la simulation chirurgicale en raison de son réalisme anatomique et tissulaire.
De Catalina de Aragón a Catalina de Inglaterra: la educación de una infanta
Authors: Earenfight Theresa M.
Published: July 2016

Este estudio examina la casa de la infanta Catalina de Aragón, hija menor de Isabel de Castilla y Fernando de Aragón, para mostrar cómo las mujeres de confianza de la corte constituyeron la base de la transformación de Catalina de infanta espanola en reina inglesa. Utilizando los libros de cuentas de la casa y corte de su madre y documentos reales ingleses, este ensayo se centra en cuatro mujeres en particular –Inés Vanegas, María de Rojas, María de Salinas y Elvira Manuel–, inmersas en unas complejas redes de parentesco y de patronazgo dentro de la propia corte. Su tutela y lealtad prepararon a Catalina para sortear los entresijos de la política cortesana de la Inglaterra de los Tudor.
El cloruro cálcico como acelerador en la prefabricación del hormigón
Authors: Calleja Carrete José
Published: July 2016

Not available
Un calcímetro gravimétrico
Authors: Calleja Carrete José
Published: July 2016

Not available
Influencia que ejerce al hidróxido cálcico del cemento y su evolución durante los fenómenos de la hidratación, sobre la resistencia de morteros y hormigones expuestos a la corrosión
Authors: Meier·Grolman F. W.
Published: July 2016

Not available
The Progress of Polymeric Membrane Separation Technique in O2/N2 Separation
Authors: Chong Kok Chung , Lai Soon Onn , Thiam Hui San , Lau Woei Jye
Published: July 2016

The oxygen air production are generally be achieved by pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and cryogenic distillation. Both of the techniques are able to produce high purity oxygen level which is more than 95% with a production volume of 20 – 300 tons per day. These techniques however required high energy consumption and with the rising cost of energy, membrane separation is a good option as it require relatively low energy requirement. Membrane separation technique is an emerging technique which garners the interest from academia and industry from last decade as an alternative method to produce oxygen enriched air. To date, the commercially available and research institution self-fabricated polymeric membrane are unable to produce an economically viable membrane with high permeability and selectivity in a large scale production relative to the conventional method. In this works, the progress of the application of polymeric in O2/N2 separation which including the recent developed of self fabricated polymeric membrane and the aspect of operation parameter is discussed. Finally, the paper also intends to present a brief overview of the development of membrane separation technique in O2/N2 separation in addressing the strategies and improvement in the fulfillment of industrial application interest.
The Effects of Graphene and Flame Retardants on Flammability and Mechanical Properties of Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Khalili Pooria , Tshai Kim Yeow , Kong Ing , Yeoh Chin Hooi
Published: July 2016

The effects of incorporating three different types of flame retardant (FR) and two variants of graphene into 10 %wt palm EFB natural fibre (NF) filled epoxy composites were investigated in term of the flammability, thermal and mechanical properties through standard Bunsen burner experiment, bomb calorimetry, TGA and tensile tests. The types of FR employed include zinc borate (ZB), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and alumina trihydrate (ATH) while a lab synthesised and a commercial form of graphene were used in the current work. Compared to the neat NF filled epoxy composite, specimens loaded with 15 %wt of either ZB or APP demonstrated a drip-free condition as observed from the Bunsen burner tests, which could be attributed to the strong char forming characteristic of the compositions. In specimens containing 15 %wt of either ZB or ATH, results from Bomb calorimetry revealed that these specific formulations produced the lowest mean gross heat release amongst others, suggesting better resistant to flame. Relative to the graphene incorporated composites, the post TGA measured mass residue was observed to be greater in FR rich formulations, suggesting that FR additives capable of yielding a much superior flame retardancy compared to graphene. While a slight increases in Young’s modulus was recorded in composites loaded with FR, such formulations produced several main drawbacks whereby reduction in ultimate tensile strength and elongation to break were being measured in large proportion of the specimens.
Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Crystalline Zinc Phosphide Nanoparticles
Authors: Lim Teck Hock , Teh Geok Bee , Tilley Richard David
Published: July 2016

Nanoscale alpha zinc phosphide (α-Zn3P2) particles are a class of promising opto-electronic materials which have attracted worldwide attention. The synthetic protocols pertaining to α-Zn3P2 nanoparticles have been largely based on the use of costly, pyrophoric and toxic phosphines precursors. We reported here the results of our investigation into the viability of fabricating crystalline α-Zn3P2 nanoparticles using phosphorous pentabromide (PBr5) as precursor via an air-stable solid hydrogen phosphide (PH)x intermediate. HRTEM analysis revealed the best sample as spherical crystalline α-Zn3P2 nanoparticles with diameter found to be 5.8±2.1 nm. These particles exhibited photoluminescence centered at 470 nm (2.6 eV), blue-shifted by 1.2 eV from the 1.4 eV of bulk α-Zn3P2.
Glacier melting and precipitation trends detected by surface area
changes in Himalayan ponds
Authors: Salerno Franco , Thakuri Sudeep , Guyennon Nicolas , Viviano Gaetano , Tartari Gianni
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Climatic time series for high-elevation Himalayan regions are decidedly scarce. Although glacier shrinkage is now sufficiently well described, the changes in precipitation and temperature at these elevations are less clear. This contribution shows that the surface area variations of unconnected glacial ponds, i.e. ponds not directly connected to glacier ice, but that may have a glacier located in their hydrological basin, can be considered as suitable proxies for detecting past changes in the main hydrological components of the water balance. On the south side of Mt Everest, glacier melt and precipitation have been found to be the main drivers of unconnected pond surface area changes (detected mainly with Landsat imagery). In general, unconnected ponds have decreased significantly by approximately 10 ± 5 % in terms of surface area over the last 50 years (1963–2013 period) in the study region. Here, an increase in precipitation occurred until the mid-1990s followed by a decrease until recent years. Until the 1990s, glacier melt was constant. An increase occurred in the early 2000s, while a declining trend in maximum temperature has caused a reduction in the glacier melt during recent years.
Loss of microRNA Expression is Involved in the Development and Prognosis of Breast Cancer Complicated by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Liu Huan-tao , Xu Yin-Tao , Li Hui-Ying , Zhao Jia , Zhai Hui-Yuan , Chen You
Published: July 2016

Objective

To explore the relationships of the expression of miR-145 to the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with breast cancer complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

A total of 257 female patients with breast cancer were enrolled for our experiment, including 140 patients with simple breast cancer (control group) and 117 patients with breast cancer complicated by T2DM (observation group). Patients were treated with modified radical mastectomy supplemented with radiotherapy, chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. qRT-PCR was used for the detection of miR-145 expression in patients of both groups. Follow-up lasted 13-60 months.

Results

The relative expression of miR-145 in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p<0.05). The expression of miR-145 in patients with breast cancer complicated by T2DM was related to the history of diabetes, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, tumor size, lymph node metastasis (LNM), estrogen receptor (ER) status, and HER2 (all p<0.05). The median disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly longer and the 5-year DFS rate significantly higher in the high-expression group than in the low-expression group. History of diabetes, TNM stage, tumor size, LNM, ER status, and HER2 were risk factors for patients with breast cancer complicated by T2DM (all p<0.05).

Conclusions

Loss of miR-145 expression is related to the development of breast cancer complicated by T2DM, and low miR-145 expression might be an adverse prognostic factor in patients with this disease.
Prática clínica do enfermeiro em assistência circulatória mecânica: busca de evidências
Authors: Gian Grossi Daniela de Araújo , De Oliveira Marcel Ricardo Chiarini , Galvão de Sant’Anna Ana Lucia Gargione , Machado Regimar Carla
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Analisar na literatura científica a prática clínica do enfermeiro ao paciente em uso de assistência circulatória mecânica. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados SciELO, Cochrane Library, PubMed e LILACS, de abril a agosto de 2014. Resultados: Embora haja avanço em pesquisas sobre o tema, ainda há poucos estudos, haja vista oito artigos selecionados. Três artigos apontam para a necessidade do enfermeiro deter o conhecimento sobre assistência circulatória mecânica, para uma assistência eficiente e com qualidade. Dois artigos trouxeram a assistência de enfermagem a pacientes em uso de dispositivos. Três relataram complicações devido ao uso do balão intra-aórtico e mostraram que as complicações podem ser minimizadas a partir da capacitação e da avaliação clínica periódica do enfermeiro. Conclusão: Há poucos estudos direcionados à assistência de enfermagem, havendo a necessidade de maior exploração do tema para subsidiar a prática baseada em evidências cientificas. Palavras-chave: Enfermagem. Insuficiência cardíaca. Coração auxiliar. Circulação assistida.
The effects of barriers on supershear rupture
Authors: Xu Jiankuan , Zhang Zhenguo , Chen Xiaofei
Published: July 2016

A barrier may induce a supershear rupture transition in some cases, whereas it may prevent the further propagation of a supershear rupture in other cases. We investigate the effects of a barrier on the supershear rupture propagation on a planar fault in a 3‐D half‐space. Our results show that the effect of a barrier on supershear is strongly dependent on its size, strength, and location. For larger sizes, shallower buried depths, and relatively higher strengths, the barrier tends to prevent supershear propagation more strongly. When the barrier is located on the free surface and near the critical distance, it prevents the further propagation of supershear rupture. If a barrier is located far from the critical distance, the first supershear daughter crack is slowed down and a new supershear daughter crack is generated after the rupture front passes through the barrier. This mechanism greatly lengthens the supershear transition distance.
A multi‐biomarker follow‐up study of patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Stilund Morten , Gjelstrup Mikkel Carstensen , Christensen Tove , Møller Holger Jon , Petersen Thor
Published: July 2016

Objectives

This study aimed to examine the levels of the macrophage marker sCD163 and other biomarkers at the time of diagnosis of patients with either clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and assess relation to clinical indicators of prognosis, disease activity (DA), and changes in the levels of these biomarkers at follow‐up.

Materials and Methods

The clinical status and MRI were reevaluated in 56 patients more than 1 year after diagnosis with a median follow‐up time of 2 years. Levels of biomarkers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.

Results

There was no significant difference in time to DA between patients with CIS and RRMS. A high sCD163 ratio (>0.07) was significantly (P = 0.04) associated with time to DA in the untreated patient group. In 21 patients reevaluated with serum and CSF samples, the sCD163 ratio levels decreased from 0.068 to 0.054 (P = 0.026) in the CIS/RRMS‐treated group. The CSF CXCL13, CXCL13 ratio, CSF neurofilament light polypeptide and osteopontin levels also decreased significantly in the CIS/RRMS‐treated group.

Conclusions

The levels of all biomarkers changed concurrently with MS treatment. The sCD163 ratio was identified as a potential novel marker for time to DA.
Methodology for the development of bridge‐specific fragility curves
Authors: Stefanidou Sotiria P. , Kappos Andreas J.
Published: July 2016

A new methodology for the development of bridge‐specific fragility curves is proposed with a view to improving the reliability of loss assessment in road networks and prioritising retrofit of the bridge stock. The key features of the proposed methodology are the explicit definition of critical limit state thresholds for individual bridge components, with consideration of the effect of varying geometry, material properties, reinforcement and loading patterns on the component capacity; the methodology also includes the quantification of uncertainty in capacity, demand and damage state definition. Advanced analysis methods and tools (nonlinear static analysis and incremental dynamic response history analysis) are used for bridge component capacity and demand estimation, while reduced sampling techniques are used for uncertainty treatment. Whereas uncertainty in both capacity and demand is estimated from nonlinear analysis of detailed inelastic models, in practical application to bridge stocks, the demand is estimated through a standard response spectrum analysis of a simplified elastic model of the bridge. The simplified methodology can be efficiently applied to a large number of bridges (with different characteristics) within a road network, by means of an ad hoc developed software involving the use of a generic (elastic) bridge model, which derives bridge‐specific fragility curves. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Water Temperature on Bacterial Killing in Laundry
Authors: Smith J.A. , Neil K.R. , Davidson C.G. , Davidson R.W.
Published: July 2016

The increasing cost of energy directed our attention to testing the feasibility of low temperature washing. Hospital laundries use formulated chemicals at high temperature wash waters of 66°C. Wash water effluents and fabric bacterial counts of heavily soiled linen were correlated with alkalinity and temperature measurements to investigate the bacterial killing action of hot and cold wash formulas. Terry towels were found to be contaminated with 107to 109organisms per 100 cm2at the beginning of the washing process. The most common gram-negative rods found wereKlebsiella, EnterobacterandSerratiaspecies. Staphylococci were the predominant gram-positives. Both cold and hot water washing including the bleach cycle reduced bacterial counts in fabric by 3 log10. Similarly, wash water cfu/mL declined 3 to 4 log10. A further 0.5 to 1.0 log10reduction was effected in the 93.3°C drying cycle. Low temperature wash formulas were comparable to high temperature laundry with respect to bacterial counts and species. Cold water formulas at 31.1°C offer an alternative method to reduce energy consumption and maintain bacteriological and esthetic linen quality.
Positive effects of fire on birds may appear only under narrow combinations of fire severity and time-since-fire
Authors: Hutto Richard L. , Patterson David A.
Published: July 2016

We conducted bird surveys in 10 of the first 11 years following a mixed-severity fire in a dry, low-elevation mixed-conifer forest in western Montana, United States. By defining fire in terms of fire severity and time-since-fire, and then comparing detection rates for species inside 15 combinations of fire severity and time-since-fire, with their rates of detection in unburned (but otherwise similar) forest outside the burn perimeter, we were able to assess more nuanced effects of fire on 50 bird species. A majority of species (60%) was detected significantly more frequently inside than outside the burn. It is likely that the beneficial effects of fire for some species can be detected only under relatively narrow combinations of fire severity and time-since-fire. Because most species responded positively and uniquely to some combination of fire severity and time-since-fire, these results carry important management implications. Specifically, the variety of burned-forest conditions required by fire-dependent bird species cannot be created through the application of relatively uniform low-severity prescribed fires, through land management practices that serve to reduce fire severity or through post-fire salvage logging, which removes the dead trees required by most disturbance-dependent bird species.
The construction of mobile RFID authentication mechanism and relative ownership transfer protocols for supply chain
Authors: Chen Bing-Chang , Yeh Her-Tyan , Wang Che-Chiang
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to complete the following works: construct RFID integration mechanism in the supply chain; build mutual authentication mechanism; and build the transfer mechanism in supply chain.

Design/methodology/approach

– In order to transfer RFID tag information to others safely in mobile RFID supply chain circumstances, the authors propose a RFID authentication mechanism which can ensure the identity and make the mutual authentication. Moreover, the authors propose a secure transfer method of ownership for the specific role in different regions under the structure of Mobile RFID.

Findings

– The task of administrator server is to check the order, store the merchandise information, distribute the authority, certify the security and transfer the ownership. It can make the whole supply chain more mobility, and transfer faster.

Originality/value

– The goals of this research are to achieve mainly: using mobile RFID system to design secure mutual authentication mechanism, transfer mechanisms with faster transfer and authority distribution. The authors introduce the security authentication and competence transfer mechanism in supply chain.
Stealing from the boss: who is looking?
Authors: Lenz Peter John , Graycar Adam
Published: July 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discover organisational governance lessons that emerge from the unique facts and characteristics of one significant corporate fraud in Australia.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were triangulated between a primary loss adjustment file with multiple commercial and legal secondary sources. The data were analysed and conclusions were inductively drawn as part of a master’s degree research project.

Findings

White-collar crime takes many forms but it is rare for a medium-sized ASX listed company to be defrauded of Aus$22 m without anybody noticing. Narrative findings reveal the dynamics of the fraud and the weaknesses in corporate governance. This paper outlines the processes of detection and control. It provides several lessons for organisational governance that could prevent similar occupational frauds in the future.

Research limitation/implications

This unique fraud case has facts which are not necessarily typical of fraud in general. Anonymity in the case seeks to preserve the identities of the parties, but may in fact limit the potential for transparent discussion.

Social implications

While detecting and investigating occupational fraud has benefits for practitioners and commentators, there are extensive direct and indirect social costs associated with this case.

Originality/value

The value of this case lies in revealing details of how a significant fraud was perpetrated so that fraud investigators, accountancy professionals, academics and students can benefit from lessons learned.
Career development tips for today's nursing academic: bibliometrics, altmetrics and social media
Authors: Smith Derek R. , Watson Roger
Published: July 2016

Aims

A discussion of bibliometrics, altmetrics and social media for the contemporary nursing scholar and academic researcher.

Background

Today's nursing academic faces myriad challenges in balancing their daily life and, in recent years, academic survival has been increasingly challenged by the various research assessment exercises that evaluate the performance of knowledge institutions. As such, it is essential that today's nursing academic keep up to date with the core competencies needed for survival in a modern research career, particularly the intersecting triad of bibliometrics, altmetrics and social media.

Design

Discussion paper.

Data sources

Published literature and relevant websites.

Implications for nursing

The rise of social media and altmetrics has important implications for contemporary nursing scholars who publish their research. Some fundamental questions when choosing a journal might be ‘does it have a Twitter and/or Facebook site, or a blog (or all three)’; and ‘does it have any other presence on social media, such as LinkedIn, Wikipedia, YouTube, ResearchGate and so on?’ Another consequence of embracing social media is that individual academics should also develop their own strategies for promoting and disseminating their work as widely as possible.

Conclusion

The rising importance of social media and altmetrics can no longer be ignored, and today's nursing academic now has another facet to consider in their scholarly activities. Despite the changing nature of research dissemination, however, it is still important to recognize the undoubted value of established knowledge dissemination routes (that being the peer‐reviewed publication).
Defining Māori language revitalisation: A project in folk linguistics
Authors: Albury Nathan John
Published: July 2016

The postmodern and critical movements in language policy, with their redefinition of governmentality and attention to power structures, call for localised perspectives on language arrangements. In this way, a polity, in its social and cultural context, can be understood as much as the policies it operates. In the case of Indigenous languages undergoing revitalisation, this allows us to define language revitalisation, and the vitality it should deliver, not through western scholarship but for local purposes with local ideas by examining local knowledge and preferences. To do this, a folk linguistic approach was applied to language policy research. A quantitative and qualitative survey investigated how around 1,300 Indigenous and non‐Indigenous youth in New Zealand define Māori language revitalisation from their own perspective and how they perceive the revitalisation processes and outcomes proposed in scholarship and local discourses. The paper shows that claimed linguistic knowledge not only exists parallel to language attitudes, but informs local policy ideas. The findings indicate that these youth define language revitalisation and vitality in terms contextualised by local ontology, knowledge, ideologies and values, therefore challenging the local applicability of universal theories.
Respiratory depression detected by capnography among children in the postanesthesia care unit: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Langhan Melissa L. , Li Fang‐Yong , Lichtor J. Lance
Published: July 2016

Background

Children are at risk for respiratory depression while recovering from anesthesia. Currently, monitoring children in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) with pulse oximetry is recommended. However, pulse oximetry does not reliably recognize hypoventilation or apnea, particularly in the presence of supplemental oxygen. Capnography is a sensitive monitor of ventilation that is not often used in the PACU.

Aim

To determine the frequency of hypoventilation and apnea as detected by capnography among children in the PACU.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional study, capnography monitoring was applied to healthy children of age 1–17 years in the PACU of a tertiary care hospital. Staff was blinded to the capnography monitor; alarms were disabled. Staff provided routine care and monitoring with pulse oximetry to all patients. Vital signs, patient interventions, and medication administration were recorded by a research assistant every 30 s until all monitoring was discontinued by staff. Outcome measures included frequency of hypoventilation and apnea as measured by capnography and oxygen desaturations as measured by pulse oximetry, as well as staff interventions for these events.

Results

Data from 194 children were analyzed. Capnography detected hypoventilation or apnea in 45.5% (95% CI 38.5%, 52.5%) of patients. Oxygen desaturations occurred in 19% (95% CI 13%, 24%) of patients. Interventions occurred in 9% (95% CI 5%, 13%) of patients. Patients who received narcotic medications were more likely to experience hypoventilation (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.02, 5.3) and apnea (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1, 7). Hypoventilation was seen more often among children who received supplemental oxygen (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1, 12).

Conclusions

Hypoventilation and apnea are common among children in the PACU; however, few interventions occur to address these events. Routine monitoring with capnography may improve recognition of respiratory depression and enhance patient safety in the PACU.
Acne Knowledge of Hispanic Parents of Teenagers with Mild to Moderate Acne
Authors: Lopez Isha , Zapata Lucio , Sosa Juan Jesús , Rodgers Clifford , Ruiz Maria , Oh Susan , Hynan Linda S. , Kimball Alexa B. , Pandya Amit G.
Published: July 2016

We performed a cross‐sectional study of Hispanic and non‐Hispanic parents of children with acne using a survey designed to determine their level of awareness of acne and its treatment; 82% of Hispanic parents and 40% of non‐Hispanic parents agreed that a health care provider should treat mild acne (p < 0.001). Hispanic parents of adolescents with acne agreed more frequently than non‐Hispanic parents that children with mild and moderate acne should be taken to a health care provider for treatment, but they tended not to visit health care providers. Future studies should aim to determine the reasons for this discrepancy, after which culturally sensitive educational programs can be developed to address this disparity.
Fusion4D
Authors: Dou Mingsong , Khamis Sameh , Degtyarev Yury , Davidson Philip , Fanello Sean Ryan , Kowdle Adarsh , Escolano Sergio Orts , Rhemann Christoph , Kim David , Taylor Jonathan , Kohli Pushmeet , Tankovich Vladimir , Izadi Shahram
Published: July 2016

We contribute a new pipeline for live multi-view performance capture, generating temporally coherent high-quality reconstructions in real-time. Our algorithm supports both incremental reconstruction, improving the surface estimation over time, as well as parameterizing the nonrigid scene motion. Our approach is highly robust to both large frame-to-frame motion and topology changes, allowing us to reconstruct extremely challenging scenes. We demonstrate advantages over related real-time techniques that either deform an online generated template or continually fuse depth data nonrigidly into a single reference model. Finally, we show geometric reconstruction results on par with offline methods which require orders of magnitude more processing time and many more RGBD cameras.
The Story of Leonardo: One Author’s Perspective
Authors: Carrier David
Published: July 2016

In celebration of its 50th anniversary, Leonardo invited authors who have been associated with the publication throughout its history to share their memories. This account describes some essays published in the journal by author David Carrier, with reference to his intellectual career. Because these publications are readily accessible to Leonardo’s readers, the author does not describe them in detail—nor does he cite all of his contributions. His aim is to sketch, in this personal reflection, one small part of the story of this now long-lived publication.
What's Old Is New Again: Innovative Policies to Support Thai Fresh Markets Within a Healthy Food System
Authors: Banwell Cathy , Dixon Jane , Kelly Matthew , Seubsman Sam‐ang , Rimpeekool Wimalin , Sleigh Adrian
Published: July 2016

Traditionally, Thais have bought their food from fresh markets. However, recently multi‐national supermarket chains have expanded rapidly so that currently, Thais procure food from both modern and traditional retail formats. If Thailand were to follow the Western pattern, supermarkets will become the dominant food retail format.

We present a synthesis of 10 years of multidisciplinary research, examining the contribution of food retail to the Thai nutrition and health transition, to demonstrate that fresh markets provide access to fresh, affordable, nutritious foods. Fresh market shoppers have healthier diets and lower chronic disease risks than other groups.

In the South East Asia context, the protection of fresh markets constitutes a novel intervention to protect and promote nutrition‐sensitive retail. This could be achieved through policy action nationally, with monitoring of national and multi‐national supermarket chain growth, regionally, with planning to safeguard fresh markets' urban locations, and locally, with the development of food hubs.
Constructing a Database for Food Security Assessments in Southeast Asia
Authors: Grote Ulrike , Waibel Hermann
Published: July 2016

In many Southeast Asian countries, food insecurity remains an important problem. However, the assessment of food security is often difficult due to the lack of adequate data. Studies undertaken by international organizations are mostly rapid appraisal type of analyses lacking scientific rigor and depth. Against this background there is a need to establish sound databases, which allow for more in‐depth analyses. Although the collection of data in remote rural areas of poor countries is challenging, data quality is crucial in order to advance research on the economics of food security. Own case studies from Southeast Asia highlight the need to account for multidimensional facets of food security in data collection. They highlight the need to differentiate between monetary and nonmonetary poverty aspects and to look into diverse livelihood activities. They also stress the importance of the time dimension due to price increases or many other shocks and coping strategies. We suggest incorporating food security research into long‐term panel data projects such as the long‐term panel data project for Thailand and Vietnam, which we believe is unique and valuable also for food security assessments.
Um olhar sobre a historiografia africana e afro-brasileira
Authors: Telles Luciano Everton Costa
Published: July 2016

O artigo tem como objetivo lançar um olhar sobre a construção de uma novahistoriografia sobre a África, destacando o movimento histórico que promoveu o processo de construção desta historiografia e suas características. Visa também resgatar e caracterizar a produção histórica brasileira sobre o afro-brasileiro.
Educação escolar indígena: a escola e os velhos no ensino da história kaingang
Authors: Medeiros Juliana Schneider
Published: July 2016

A educação escolar indígena específica e diferenciada vem sendo construída por diversos povos indígenas do país desde a promulgação da Constituição Federal(1988), marco de sua conquista pelo direitoà diferença. O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado baseada em uma etnografia dos Kaingang da Terra Indígena Guarita (Rio Grande do Sul), tendo como cenário principal a escola indígena Toldo Campinas,no setor Estiva. Com base nas aulas de História e nas conversas com os velhos, apresentam-se reflexões sobre a relação dos velhos com a escola, buscando entender qual o papel desses ‘contadoresde histórias’ na transmissão da história kaingang.
Espaço e tempo como dimensões do conhecimento e objeto de ensino-aprendizagem em História
Authors: Ferreira Carlos Augusto Lima , Marques Edicarla Dos Santos
Published: July 2016

O artigo analisa a temática espaço-tempo,fundamental no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de História, e suas implicaçõesno cotidiano da sala de aula.Essa discussão torna-se ainda mais necessária no atual contexto de inserçãocontínua das Novas Tecnologias da Informaçãoe Comunicação (NTIC) nos ambientes escolares, as quais modificam a prática docente e as formas de apreensão das noções de espaço e tempo. Como as novas espacialidades dos ambientes virtuais, das redes sociais, e as atuais compreensões temporais desencadeadas pelas configurações tecnológicas que emergem do nosso cotidiano têm alterado as percepções dos sujeitos em relação ao conhecimento histórico? Propomos uma reflexão sobre as práticas docentes associadas a essas percepções num momento em que as regras impostas por uma sociedade cada vez mais digital (re)dimensionam o fazer histórico.
Familiale Einflussfaktoren auf das elterliche Schulinteresse aus der Sicht von Grundschulkindern
Authors: Feldhaus Michael
Published: July 2016

This article focuses on a decisive interface in the relationship between parents and school: parents’ home-based school involvement. By observing the transition from primary to secondary, school we investigate to what extent changes in the family’s situation and relationship dynamics are associated with changes in parental school involvement, which, in turn, is measured from the child’s perspective. Using data from the children’s survey within the Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam), two observation points can be employed (N=342). The analyses confirm that parental involvement is at a high level during primary school, independently of parents’ educational level and aspirations, but drops significantly during the transition from primary to secondary school. Furthermore, it can be shown that an increase in children’s challenging behaviour and a worsening quality of parentchild relationship corresponds with a reduction of parental school involvement.

Zusammenfassung

Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert das Verhältnis zwischen Elternhaus und Schule an einer entscheidenden Schnittstelle beider Kontexte, dem elterlichen Schulinteresse. Betrachtet werden Einflüsse auf das schulbezogene Interesse der Eltern, insbesondere im Übergang von der Grundschule zu den weiterführenden Schulen. Hierbei liegt der Schwerpunkt auf der Frage, inwieweit Veränderungen in der familialen Beziehungsdynamik mit Veränderungen des Schulinteresses korrespondieren. Das elterliche Schulinteresse wird aus der Perspektive der Kinder erfasst. Auf der Basis der Daten des Beziehungs- und Familienentwicklungspanels (pairfam) und der darin durchgeführten Kinderbefragung wurden Angaben der Kinder (N= 342) aus Welle 2 und 4 herangezogen. Die 2- Wellen-Panelregressionsanalysen bestätigen, dass das elterliche Interesse an schulischen Leistungen in der Grundschulphase ein sehr hohes Niveau hat, unabhängig vom Bildungsstand und den Bildungsaspirationen der Eltern, dass es sich aber in den Zeiten des Übergangs zwischen Grundschule und den weiterführenden Schulen bereits signifikant reduziert. Es zeigt sich ferner, dass ein Anstieg des kindlichen Problemverhaltens und eine Verschlechterung der Beziehungsqualität zu den Eltern mit einer Reduktion des Schulinteresses der Eltern korrespondiert.
Discovery of an inhibitor of the production of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor pyocyanin in wild-type cells
Authors: Morkunas Bernardas , Gal Balint , Galloway Warren R J D , Hodgkinson James T , Ibbeson Brett M , Sing Tan Yaw , Welch Martin , Spring David R
Published: July 2016

Pyocyanin is a small molecule produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of infections by this notorious opportunistic pathogen. The inhibition of pyocyanin production has been identified as an attractive antivirulence strategy for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections. Herein, we report the discovery of an inhibitor of pyocyanin production in cultures of wild-type P. aeruginosa which is based around a 4-alkylquinolin-2(1H)-one scaffold. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported example of pyocyanin inhibition by a compound based around this molecular framework. The compound may therefore be representative of a new structural sub-class of pyocyanin inhibitors, which could potentially be exploited in in a therapeutic context for the development of critically needed new antipseudomonal agents. In this context, the use of wild-type cells in this study is notable, since the data obtained are of direct relevance to native situations. The compound could also be of value in better elucidating the role of pyocyanin in P. aeruginosa infections. Evidence suggests that the active compound reduces the level of pyocyanin production by inhibiting the cell–cell signalling mechanism known as quorum sensing. This could have interesting implications; quorum sensing regulates a range of additional elements associated with the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa and there is a wide range of other potential applications where the inhibition of quorum sensing is desirable.
GUIDELINES ON EVALUATING PASSENGER EVACUATION POSSIBILITIES IN AVIATION INCIDENTS INVOLVING FIRES
Authors: LAZAREVA Irina , SHESTAKOV Vladimir
Published: July 2016

Accident analysis of survived people shows that the main causes of fire death are the hazardous effects and consequences of panic attacks which usually occur in such situations. The passengers are killed by heat and toxicity of combustion products. This depends on the materials used in an aircraft’s construction, especially for interior decoration. The time available for the survival of passengers depends on the size of the fire load in the cabin of the aircraft, and it is determined by the characteristics of the materials. In case of fire, polymeric materials are flammable and emit large amounts of heat and smoke which contain poisonous gases that are the main causes of death. With the development of fire, the gas temperature changes in the volume of passenger compartment; therefore, it is necessary to set the dependence of the occurrence of death from heat.
Comparative Analysis of the Clinical Outcomes With a Monofocal and an Extended Range of Vision Intraocular Lens
Authors: Pedrotti Emilio , Bruni Enrico , Bonacci Erika , Badalamenti Rosanna , Mastropasqua Rodolfo , Marchini Giorgio
Published: July 2016

PURPOSE:

To evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes with an aspheric monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) and an extended range of vision (ERV) IOL based on achromatic diffractive technology.

METHODS:

This was a prospective comparative study including 80 eyes undergoing cataract surgery with implantation of the monofocal Tecnis ZCB00 IOL (Abbott Medical Optics Inc., Santa Ana, CA) (monofocal group: 30 eyes of 15 patients) or the ERV Tecnis Symfony IOL (Abbott Medical Optics, Inc.) (ERV group: 50 eyes of 25 patients). Visual, refractive, contrast sensitivity, defocus curve, ocular optical quality (Optical Quality Analysis System; Visiometrics SL, Terrassa, Spain), and quality of life (National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life Instrument 42 Questionnaire) outcomes were evaluated during a 3-month follow-up.

RESULTS:

Significantly better postoperative uncorrected monocular and binocular distance (UDVA), intermediate (UIVA), and near (UNVA) visual acuities were found in the ERV group (
P
≥ .013). Postoperative spherical equivalent was within ±1.00 diopters in 94% and 100% of eyes in the ERV and the monofocal groups, respectively. Binocular UIVA and UNVA of 0.20 or better (Snellen 20/30) were observed in all cases in the ERV group and in 13.3% and 6.7% of eyes of the monofocal group, respectively. No significant differences among groups were observed in contrast sensitivity (
P
≥ .156) or ocular optical quality parameters (
P
≥ .084). In the monocular defocus curve, all visual acuities were better in the ERV group (
P
≤ .002), except for the +0.50-diopter defocus level (
P
= .367). Significantly better scores were obtained for dependence on correction (
P
= .003) and suboptimal correction (
P
= .038) subscales in the ERV group.

CONCLUSIONS:

The extended range of vision IOL provides better distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity than the aspheric monofocal IOL, while maintaining the same level of visual quality.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(7):436–442.]