bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Has Anybody Asked How People Change Their Minds? Pre-crastination and Its Underlying Basis in Decision-Making
Authors: Patel Disha , Veliz Thuresa , Rosenbaum David
Published: September 2022

Procrastination is much too familiar to us, a derogatory term taught to students as something to avoid, which, to teachers’ despair, counterproductively encourages students to take up procrastination as a challenge. The opposite of procrastination, pre-crastination describes the likelihood of completing tasks early at the expense of extra effort, and may be a phenomenon as common as procrastination (Rosenbaum et al., 2014). We hypothesize that fundamentally, pre-crastination is cognitively driven, given that participants offload cognitive tasks before determining the course of action. This study took place over three experiments. Our pool of UCR undergraduate participants (N=89) made two forced yes/no responses pertaining to the same stimulus in each trial. The stimuli in the first experiment was determining chronology of number sequences while the stimuli in the subsequent two experiments was determining digit-matching. The most significant alteration was made in the third experiment, in which the second response was changed from a yes/no to a confirm/disconfirm submission. This innovative testing strategy, coined double-response in our lab, allows us to correlate response time to decision-making bases. Largely, participants exhibited a significantly longer reaction time in submitting their first response. This outcome supports our cognitive hypothesis which predicts that action-planning occurs through longer first-response times, going against the behavioral hypothesis which predicts that action is taken prematurely through shorter first-response times. Ultimately, this double-response method better helps us understand the dynamics of decision-making through pre-crastination.
Evaluating Imatinib's Affinities and Specificities for Tyrosine Kinases Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Troxel William , Chang Chia-en
Published: September 2022

Computational chemistry lets us model intermolecular interactions in ways assays cannot. My project focuses on the multi-kinase interactions of the cancer drug, imatinib. Most cancer drugs target one kinase, but some affect multiple kinases. Imatinib treats chronic myeloid leukemia by targeting ABL kinase. Proteomics data reveals it can interact with other kinases, such as KIT to treat gastrointestinal stromal tumors, but the mechanisms are unknown. Imatinib has different affinities for similar kinases, such as a 3000x difference between ABL and SRC, despite sharing 50% structural homology. Here, I investigate the conformational differences between free and imatinib-bound ABL, KIT, and SRC using Molecular Dynamics simulations to understand the key imatinib-kinase interactions. The alignment analysis shows the docked conformations are similar to co-crystal structures in the Protein Data Bank. Root-mean-square-deviation and fluctuation (RMSD and RMSF) analysis show that all simulations converge at 45 ns, with some regions exhibiting differential flexibility. Hydrogen bond analysis across 100 ns simulations show that ABL has one main H-bond, KIT has three main H-bonds, and SRC has no main H-bonds. All the drug-kinase complexes feature at least 15 key salt bridge interactions relevant for structural stability. The dihedral distributions reveal that most residues adopt a single conformation, but some can adopt multiple, increasing the protein flexibility. The entropy results quantify the protein disorder, revealing KIT and SRC favors the apoprotein while ABL favors the complex. This signifies that broad protein similarity does not govern imatinib binding, instead, it is explained by smaller structural details.
Transborder Realities: Its Effect on Bordertown Students Pursuing a Higher Education
Authors: Hernandez Karla , Fornazzari Alessandro
Published: September 2022

In this research I dive into the testimonies of five border town students who live on the U.S.-Mexico border in the transborder community composed of sister-cities, Calexico, California, and Mexicali, Baja California Mexico. The goal of this study is to use testimonials to help us understand the flaws within the educational site of Calexico High school as well as the limitations it imposes on transborder border town students. Transborder Realities is a new type of journalism focusing on the stories of individuals as a way to bring forward the realities of many. This study unveils the intersectionality between social class, residency, and economic status that lead to social hierarchies in school, creating a division between students of different backgrounds. Each of the participants share personal experiences that greatly impacted them academically as transborder students, encounters that have not only led to struggles with their language, mental health, and career and educational endeavors, but also pushed them in search of better opportunities. This study brings to light the reality of being a transborder student in this culturally rich community, what that entails, and the effects it had in their pursuit of a higher education. These testimonials help to reveal the stigma faced within the educational community of Calexico in hopes of decreasing the mistreatment of transborder students pursuing higher education in the United States.
A Qualitative Approach to the Public Perception of AI
Authors: Hick Alexander , Ziefle Martina
Published: September 2022

Since the Dartmouth workshop on Artificial Intelligence coined the term, AI has been a topic ofevergrowing scientific and public interest. Understanding its impact on society is essential to avoid potential pitfalls in its applications. This study employed a qualitative approach to focus on the public’s knowledge of, and expectations for AI. We interviewed 25 participants in 30-minute interviews over a period of two months. In these interviews we investigated what people generally know about AI, what advantages and disadvantages they expect, and how much contact they have had with AI or AI based technology. Two main themes emerged: (1) a dystopian view about AI (e.g., ‘’the Terminator’’) and (2) an exaggerated or utopian attitude about the possibilities and abilities of AI. In conclusion, there needs to be accurate information, presentation, and education on AI and its potential impact in order to manage the expectations and actual capabilities.
IMPACT OF THE STOMACH ON MAN’S SELF-CARE
Authors: Alves Ribeiro Wanderson , Christiny Amorim dos Santos Larissa , Laine da Conceição Dias Lilian , De Castro Kemely , Sampaio Ribeiro Matheus , Pereira Cirino Hosana , Costa de Morais Maicon , Louvain Longo Freire Maria Júlia
Published: September 2022

The way men experience their masculinity is linked to the matrices of the ways of getting sick and dying. Men are more likely to suffer from heart disease, diabetes, cholesterol, hypertension and cancer, which, in turn, opens gaps to be reflected in the scenario involving men with intestinal ostomy. The present study is justified by the need for correct guidance in the practice of self-care by the ostomy patient, due to the large number of pathologies and emblematic situations that make an intestinal ostomy emerge in the country, emphasizing the importance of improving nursing care based on the needs referred by these patients, in addition to guidance on self-care. This is a descriptive, qualitative study of the reflective analysis type, in the databases of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE and SCIELO, which served as the basis for the study. It is concluded that there is a large evident gap in productions that deal with the repercussions generated in male sexuality resulting from intestinal ostomy and on the implications for the life of the ostomy. It is understood the need for support from nurses through care planning for the ostomy patient and teachings related to their self-care, so that they can act safely and independently in cleaning and handling the collection bag, thus achieving greater autonomy and control over your new condition.
Morphological change through residential redevelopment: Detroit, 1951-2000
Authors: Ryan Brent D.
Published: September 2022

This study examines the morphological changes that occur when residential redevelopment takes place in severely deteriorated inner-city areas. Six large redevelopments completed between 1990 and 2000 in Detroit, Michigan, USA are examined. Seven morphological characteristics of the new housing are compared with those of the housing that existed in 1951.
Applying macro urban morphology to urban design and development planning: Valletta and Floriana
Authors: Chapman David W.
Published: September 2022

The paper examines the macro urban morphology of Valletta and Floriana, and lessons that may be drawn to inform future urban design and development planning there. The macro-morphological regions are outlined, and this sets the context for an analysis of the ways they, and the topography, plan units and the fixation lines of the fortifications, interrelate to create distinctive urban forms and spaces. This provides the context for discussion of the ways the analysis of these complexes of urban form and space could contribute to urban design and development planning more widely in practice.
The application of geospatial technology to urban morphological research
Authors: Lo C.P
Published: September 2022

This paper reviews the development of geospatial technology in recent years and its use and potential use in urban morphology. Such technology has been enabled by the rapid advancement in computer technology in both hardware and software. Remote sensing, photogrammetry and GIS are particularly important and suitable for use in urban morphological research. The availability of geospatial data in digital form has facilitated town-plan analysis and metrological analysis. Three-dimensional GIS allows the form and function of a town or city to be realistically visualized. Urban simulation is also possible with geospatial data, thus enhancing understanding of the processes of growth of a city and the associated built forms.
Urban morphology in Japan: researching castle towns
Authors: Satoh Shigeru
Published: September 2022

Castle towns are one of the main types of urban settlement in Japan. This paper reviews current research on the castle towns in that country, especially in the fields of historical geography, architectural history, and the history of urban planning. The results of research in each of these three fields are introduced; the building and transformation of traditional private houses termed machiya, in the commercial areas of cities, are described; several morphological approaches to the castle town of today are considered; and finally, the application in urban design of knowledge gained from castle-town research is discussed.
British urban form in twentieth-century Brazil
Authors: Rego R.L. , Meneguetti K.S.
Published: September 2022

A number of new towns were created in northern Paraná State, Brazil, by the British company Parana Plantations as part of a colonization scheme in the first half of the twentieth century. The urban landscapes created by these towns are distinct from those associated more generally with the colonization of Brazil. However, there has been no extended analysis of their origin, organization, conformation and impact. Drawing on contemporary sources, this task is attempted here. Set within a broader context, a systematic colonization is revealed in relation to its British colonial background. The layouts of the towns founded by Parana Plantations show many features of a British colonial town model. The colonization scheme reflects some of the garden city tenets that were circulating widely in the colonial world.
How cities internalize their former urban fringes: a cross-cultural comparison
Authors: Conzen Michael P.
Published: September 2022

Studies of urban fringe belts have multiplied in recent years, demonstrating the validity of this morphological concept in a variety of regions around the world. Yet there have been few direct attempts at a comparative assessment of the concept’s performance in the different cultural settings in which it has been applied. This paper seeks to contribute to this goal, by examining the fringe-belt structure of several cities drawn from contrasting urban cultural traditions in Europe and the New World. Not surprisingly, certain commonalities emerge, but there are also large differences in the number, scale, complexity, and even basic geometry of fringe belts apparent in this eclectic examination. These differences go well beyond simple explanations of site circumstances, size, and function of the city within the urban hierarchy, and result from essential contrasts in urban social values, property rules, and planning traditions. The analysis leads to speculations about the efficacy and limits of the fringe-belt concept to identify and account for variations in the texture of urban form across urban areas in diverse cultural contexts.
The study of urban form in Sweden
Authors: Abarkan Abdellah
Published: September 2022

Early research on urban form in Sweden was undertaken before the First World War. After the Second World War research was influenced by the major criticisms levelled at comprehensive urban renewal and suburban mass housing. These criticisms were particularly on the ground that values embodied in the traditional built environment were being ignored. Increased interest in the study of historical urban fabrics was associated with the development of methodologies reliant on the concepts of typology and morphology. These developments were dependent on the activities of individual researchers until the very recent development of wider co-ordinating research organizations.
Urban morphological processes in China: a Conzenian approach
Authors: Zhang Jian
Published: September 2022

The method of plan analysis developed by M. R. G. Conzen is employed in part of the core of Guangzhou, China. Though the main concern is with the urban ground plan, links are made to two other interdependent components of the townscape or urban landscape: building fabric and land use. Physical changes in the townscape are divided into morphological stages between feudal times and the present day. The geographical structure of the built-up area is explained in terms of morphogenetic types of plan units that express key facets of economic and social processes. Analysis of the processes underlying the development of a specific small area contributes to a wider body of knowledge of Chinese urban form. This perspective is distinct from that developed by historians and architects investigating Chinese urban form.
The longevity of Persian urban form: Maibud from late antiquity to the fifteenth century
Authors: Esfanjary Eisa
Published: September 2022

Urban morphology has developed mainly in Europe, where a wealth of historical maps, plans and other records exist. Such documents are comparatively rare in most Iranian cities. But the history of these cities over thousands of years is embodied in their urban development. This paper explores the morphological development of the medium-sized Persian city of Maibud, giving particular attention to its street pattern. The types of street patterns are the twisting alley, the orthogonal pattern and the geometric system. Each is linked to a phase of history, and together they connect late antiquity to the early modern city. The overlapping of the first two of these types of patterns is where the Jami) mosque was erected and the early Islamic hub developed. This suggests a zone of transition between the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods. These street patterns are fundamental to the process of early Islamic development of the region.
The funnel, the sieve and the template: towards an operational urban morphology
Authors: McGlynn Sue , Samuels Ivor
Published: September 2022

In response to massive housing demand in south-east England and concern for the retention of local character in new development, this paper describes an attempt to introduce the concepts of urban morphology to the design managers of a large house builder. They, like the planners controlling them, tend to focus exclusively on building detail to the neglect of streets and plots. The concepts are introduced in a simplified way in order to make them applicable with limited resources. They are used to produce a template of a local area which is modified according to local regulatory and market conditions. The results demonstrate the influence of highway standards in determining urban form and raise doubts about the utility of the street block in design procedures.
Urban morphology and project consulting: a Berlin experience
Authors: Malfroy Sylvain
Published: September 2022

The city of Berlin has been engaged for over 20 years in a long-term project of repairs to the urban tissue that was dismembered during the war and by a half-century of political division. These projects have been undertaken with the greatest of care, on the basis of morphogenetic studies that have informed master plans and extremely detailed regulations. Without questioning the utility of these planning and building standards, there is a fear that they will hypertrophy and end up limiting the work of architectural and urban design to that of pure execution. Producing an inventory of the collective values that should bring lasting benefits to all the city's users is one thing, while making provision in the arrangement of the actual space for the compatibility of these ideals with the individual demands of the different contractors from case to case is another. This paper emphasizes the idea that the task of reconciliation requires a specific inventiveness. After a presentation of the conceptual relation between urban morphology and building typology which underlies the neo-rationalist approach to the urban project, the paper examines how this methodology applies to the resolution of problems by dissecting a proposal formulated for the international competition of 1996 for the completion of Pariser Platz facing the famous Brandenburg Gate.
British urban morphology: the Conzenian tradition
Authors: Hitehand J.W.R.
Published: September 2022

This paper describes the origins, development and characteristics of the school of urban morphological thought that is grounded in the work of M.R.G. Conzen. After considering the early influences of Schlüter and Geisler, attention is given to the concepts Conzen developed, such as the burgage cycle, the fringe belt, the morphological frame and the morphological region. In the second half of the paper three examples of current research that builds on foundations laid by Conzen are illustrated: namely, micromorphology, the relationship between morphological periods and the typological process, and the link between decision-taking and urban form.
Saverio Muratori and the Italian school of planning typology
Authors: Cataldai Giancarlo , Maffei Gian Luigi , Vaccaro Paolo
Published: September 2022

This paper outlines the development of the Muratorian school of urban morphology and building typology. Starting from Muratori's experience as a talented architect, deeply rooted in the Roman interpretation of Italian rationalism, the authors describe the growth of Muratori's interest in history as a means of recovering a sense of continuity in architectural practice. Adopting a theoretical approach grounded in architecture and urban design, he started working on a critical framework which could explain the creation and transformation of urban form over the centuries. He had many followers. The resurgence of interest in Muratori's work in the 1990s is described.
The city as form and structure: the urban project in Italy from the 1920s to the 1980s
Authors: Menghini Anna Burna
Published: September 2022

Since the end of the First World War Italian architecture has had an original and decisive impact on theories and methods of urban planning. The complexity of this impact emerges if one compares the various positions of those who have expressed a clear idea of the city and made careful observations on urban planning through systematic theories or empirical methodologies Some have assumed as a basis for their research the relation between building typology and urban morphology, while others have emphasized one specific aspect of the city. These various approaches have generated a diversity of project methods and tools. What links all these experiences is the desire to bring the urban question back to the realm of architecture: to bridge the divide between architecture and urbanism as disciplines.
Parameters of the concept range«processes of social communication»as an object of study
Authors:   Vasil Stefanik Carpathian National University, Kholod Oleksandr
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the studyis to search, identify and clarify the parameters of the range of the concept of "object of study" in the study of social communication processes. To achieve this goal, the author analyzed 27 sources (scientific papers, electronic resources, brochures, official documents of organizations, bibliographic and biographical records, and historical references) of researchers, social and medical organizations located in 15 countries. Research methods and techniques. Holism (the concept of the unity of tangible and intangible, which is in constant development), methods of analysis and synthesis, abstraction and generalization, axiomatic method, quantitative and qualitative analysis was chosen as research methods. Results and discussion. For ease of analysis, five tables were compiled. According to the results of the research, the conclusions of materialist and holistic substantiation are obtained. From the standpoint of materialism, it is established that the identification ofthe object of study in the study of social communication in the analyzed sources focuses mainly on the conceptual-terminological and methodological-methodological levels of communication theory (mass communication theory, communicative studies, media studies, medieval studies), communication technologies (marketing, advertising, targetology), concepts of psycholinguistics and ethnopsycholinguistics and knowledge of classical psychology. Conclusions.From the standpoint of holism, it is clear that social communication as a product of social processes reflects the essence of the Whole and its quantum nature. Moreover, researchers and practitioners of social services, medical centers, and commercial organizations do not realize the essence of the Whole. The whole hypothetically forms the idea of researchers and practitioners of social communications (s) about the object of their interest, or research, or educational process of training future professionals, or production and advertising process, PR or HR activities.
Social and communication construction of gender identity bywomen serving in the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Authors:   Heroes of Kruty Military Institute of Telecommunications and Informatization, Khraban Tatiana
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the studyis to characterize the trends in the construction and manifestationof gender identity by women serving in the armed forces of Ukraine. Research methods and techniques. The socio-psychological approach made it possible to apply the method of associative experiment, the results of which were cognitively interpreted. The associations obtained for the stimulus word «female military serviceman» were compared with the associations for the stimulus words «soldier (warrior)» and «woman», which made it possible to understand the respondents' ideas about masculinity and femininity.Results and discussion. The gender identification of a woman in the army is a dynamic process that aims to harmonize interactions with the military professional environment and military activities, and has three main trends: 1) the desire to meet the instructions of male ethics as a normative standard, to adhere to the gender patterns of the masculine society of the armed forces can cause dressing as a woman masks and construction of an insincere, faked gender identity, as a result of which internal genderconflict and psychological states of alienation, discomfort, dissonance and disharmony are possible; 2) distancing from traditional notions of femininity and assimilation of masculine models of gender behavior, which can contribute to the psychological support of women's professional military activities, if masculinity becomes a true full-fledged identity of a female military serviceman; 3) construction of a balanced military identity, which combines the features of the traditional identity of a soldier (warrior) and femininity. Conclusions. Eliminating gender discrimination and successfully ensuring gender equality in the Armed Forces of Ukraine depends not only on the expansion of women's rights and opportunities, but also on the integration of the gendercomponent into the educational programs of training specialists of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and permanent gender education aimed at increasing the level of gender literacy of female military personnel.Keywords: gender, army, identity, masculinity, femininity, gender equality, gender discrimination.
Satellite quantification of oil and natural gas methane emissions in the US and Canada including contributions from individual basins
Authors: Shen Lu , Gautam Ritesh , Omara Mark , Zavala-Araiza Daniel , Maasakkers Joannes D. , Scarpelli Tia R. , Lorente Alba , Lyon David , Sheng Jianxiong , Varon Daniel J. , Nesser Hannah , Qu Zhen , Lu Xiao , Sulprizio Melissa P. , Hamburg Steven P. , Jacob Daniel J.
Published: September 2022

Abstract. We use satellite methane observations from the
Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), for May 2018 to February 2020,
to quantify methane emissions from individual oil and natural gas (O/G)
basins in the US and Canada using a high-resolution (∼25 km)
atmospheric inverse analysis. Our satellite-derived emission estimates show
good consistency with in situ field measurements (R=0.96) in 14 O/G basins distributed across the US and Canada. Aggregating our results to the
national scale, we obtain O/G-related methane emission estimates of
12.6±2.1 Tg a−1 for the US and 2.2±0.6 Tg a−1 for
Canada, 80 % and 40 %, respectively, higher than the national inventories reported to the United Nations. About 70 % of the discrepancy in the US Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) inventory can be attributed to five O/G basins, the Permian, Haynesville, Anadarko, Eagle Ford, and Barnett basins, which in total account for 40 % of US emissions. We show more generally that our TROPOMI inversion framework can
quantify methane emissions exceeding 0.2–0.5 Tg a−1 from individual O/G
basins, thus providing an effective tool for monitoring methane emissions
from large O/G basins globally.
Chemical evolution of secondary organic aerosol tracers during high-PM2.5 episodes at a suburban site in Hong Kong over 4 months of continuous measurement
Authors: Wang Qiongqiong , Wang Shan , Cheng Yuk Ying , Chen Hanzhe , Zhang Zijing , Li Jinjian , Gu Dasa , Wang Zhe , Yu Jian Zhen
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) makes a sizable
contribution to fine-particulate-matter (PM2.5) pollution, especially
during high-PM episodes. Past studies of SOA evolution at the episode scale mainly
rely on measurements of bulk SOA mass, with few studies probing individual SOA
molecular tracers. In this study, we continuously monitored (at a bi-hourly
resolution) SOA tracers specific to a few common volatile organic compound
(VOC) precursors at a suburban site in Hong Kong for a 4-month period from the end
of August to December 2020. The SOA molecules include tracers for SOA derived from
biomass burning (BB) emissions, monoaromatics, naphthalene/methylnaphthalenes,
and three biogenic VOCs (isoprene, monoterpene, and sesquiterpene).
Generally, the SOA tracers showed regional characteristics for both
anthropogenic and biogenic SOA as well as for the BB-derived SOA.
This work focused on the seasonal variation and evolution characteristics of
SOA tracers during 11 city-wide PM2.5 episodes, which are defined
as periods with PM2.5 concentrations exceeding 35 µg m−3 at 3 or more
of the 15 general air quality monitoring stations cross the city. Mass
increment ratios (MIR), calculated as the ratio of the mass concentration
prior to an episode to that during an episode, were examined for individual species
during each episode. During most episodes, the SOA tracer concentrations were enhanced (i.e. MIR >1), and the maximum MIR values were
in the range of 5.5–11.0 for SOA tracers of different precursors. Episodes
on summer and fall days showed notably larger MIR values than those falling
on winter days, indicating the higher importance of SOA to the formation of
summer/fall PM2.5 episodes. Simultaneous monitoring of six tracers for
isoprene SOA revealed the dominance of the low-NOx pathway in forming
isoprene SOA in our study region. The multiple monoterpene SOA products
suggested fresher SOA in winter, evidenced by the increased presence of the
early-generation products. Thus, the current study has shown by example the
precursor-specific SOA chemical evolution characteristics during PM2.5
episodes in different seasons. This study also suggests the necessity to
apply high-time-resolution organic marker measurement at multiple sites
in order to fully capture the spatial heterogeneity of haze pollution at the city
scale.
What caused the interdecadal shift in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impact on dust mass concentration over northwestern South Asia?
Authors: Shi Lamei , Zhang Jiahua , Zhang Da , Wang Jingwen , Meng Xianglei , Liu Yuqin , Yao Fengmei
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Changes in large-scale circulation, especially El
Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), have significant impacts on dust activities over the dust source and downwind regions. However, these impacts present an interdecadal pattern, and it remains less clear which factors
lead to the interdecadal variability of the ENSO impact on dust activities
over northwestern South Asia, although previous studies have discussed the response of interannual dust activities over northwestern South
Asia to the ENSO circle. Based on the linear regression model and MERRA-2
atmospheric aerosol reanalysis data, this study investigated the
interdecadal variability of the ENSO impact on dust activities as well as
the associated possible atmospheric drivers under two different warming
phases over northwestern South Asia. Results indicated that the relationship between ENSO and dust column mass density (DUCMASS) experienced
an obvious shift from the accelerated global warming period (1982–1996) to
the warming hiatus period (2000–2014). The change in Atlantic and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) patterns weakened the impact of
ENSO on dust activities over northwestern South Asia during 1982–1996, while the change in Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) strengthened ENSO's effect when it was in phase with ENSO. Both the Atlantic and Indian Ocean SSTA patterns were modulated by the
duration of ENSO events (i.e., continuing and emerging ENSO). This study
provides new insights into numerical simulation involving the influence of atmospheric teleconnections on the variability of dust activities and their
influence mechanisms.
Experimental study on the evolution of droplet size distribution during the fog life cycle
Authors: Mazoyer Marie , Burnet Frédéric , Denjean Cyrielle
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The evolution of the droplet size distribution (DSD) during the fog life cycle remains poorly understood and progress is required to reduce the uncertainty of fog forecasts. To gain insights into the physical processes driving the microphysical properties, intensive field campaigns were conducted during the winters of 2010–2013 at the Instrumented Site for Atmospheric Remote Sensing Research (SIRTA) in a semi-urban environment southwest of Paris city center to monitor the simultaneous variations in droplet microphysical properties and their potential interactions at the different evolutionary stages of the fog events. Liquid water content (LWC), fog droplet number concentration (Nd) and effective diameter (Deff) show large variations among the 42 fog events observed during the campaign and for individual events. Our findings indicate that the variability of these parameters results from the interaction between microphysical, dynamical and radiative processes. During the formation and development phases, activation of aerosols into fog droplets and condensational growth were the dominant processes. When vertical development of radiation fog occurred under the influence of increasing wind speed and subsequent turbulent motion, additional condensational growth of fog droplets was observed. The DSDs with single mode (around 11 µm) and double mode (around 11 and 22 µm) were observed during the field campaign. During the development phase of fog with two droplet size modes, a mass transfer occurred from the smaller droplets into the larger ones through collision–coalescence or Ostwald ripening processes. During the mature phase, evaporation due to surface warming induced by infrared radiation emitted by fog was the dominant process. Additional droplet removal through sedimentation is observed during this phase for fog with two droplet size modes. Because of differences in the physical processes involved, the relationship between LWC and Nd is largely driven by the DSD. Although a positive relationship is found in most of the events due to continuous activation of aerosol into fog droplets, LWC varies at a constant Nd in fog with large Deff (>17 µm) due to additional collision–coalescence and Ostwald ripening processes. This work illustrates the need to accurately estimate the supersaturation for simulating the continuous activation of aerosols into droplets during the fog life cycle and to include advanced parameterizations of relevant microphysical processes such as collision–coalescence and Ostwald ripening processes, among others, in numerical models.
Automating the Analysis of Hailstone Layers
Authors: Soderholm Joshua Stephen , Kumjian Matthew Robert
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The layered structures inside hailstones provide a direct indication of their shape and properties at various stages during growth. Given the myriad of different trajectories that can exist, and the sensitivity of rime deposit type to environmental conditions, it must be expected that many different perturbations of hailstone properties occur within a single hailstorm; however, some commonalities are likely in the shared early stages of growth, for hailstones of similar size (especially those that grow along similar trajectories) and final growth near the melting level. It remains challenging to extract this information from a large sample of hailstones because of the time required to prepare cross sections and accurately measure individual layers. To reduce the labour and potential errors introduced by manual analysis of hailstones, an automated method for measuring layers from cross section photographs is introduced and applied to a set of hailstones collected in Melbourne, Australia. This work is motivated by new hail growth simulation tools that model the growth of layers within individual hailstones, for which accurate measurements of observed hailstone cross sections can be applied as validation. A first look at this new type of evaluation for hail growth simulations is demonstrated.
Adaptively monitoring streamflow using a stereo computer vision system
Authors: Hutley Nicholas Reece , Beecroft Ryan , Wagenaar Daniel , Soutar Josh , Edwards Blake , Deering Nathaniel , Grinham Alistair , Albert Simon
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The gauging of free surface flows in waterways provides the foundation for monitoring and managing the water resources of built and natural environments. A significant body of literature exists around the techniques and benefits of optical surface velocimetry methods to estimate flows in waterways without intrusive instruments or structures. However, to date the operational application of these surface velocimetry methods has been limited by site configuration and inherent challenging optical variability across different natural and constructed waterway environments. This work demonstrates a significant advancement in the operationalisation of non-contact stream discharge gauging applied in the computer vision stream gauging (CVSG) system through the use of methods for remotely estimating water levels and adaptively learning discharge ratings over time. A cost-effective stereo camera-based stream gauging device (CVSG device) has been developed for streamlined site deployments and automated data collection. Evaluations between reference state-of-the-art discharge measurement technologies using DischargeLab (using surface structure image velocimetry), Hydro-STIV (using space-time image velocimetry), ADCPs (acoustic doppler current profilers), and gauging station discharge ratings demonstrated that the optical surface velocimetry methods were capable of estimating discharge within best available measurement error margins of 5–15 %. Furthermore, results indicated model machine learning approaches leveraging data to improve performance over a period of months at the study sites produced a marked 5–10 % improvement in discharge estimates, despite underlying noise in stereophotogrammetry water level or optical flow measurements. The operationalisation of optical surface velocimetry technology, such as CVSG, offers substantial advantages towards not only improving the overall density and availability of data used in stream gauging, but also providing a safe and non-contact approach for effectively measuring high flow rates while providing an adaptive solution for gauging streams with non-stationary characteristics.
Virtual field experiences in a web-based video game environment: open-ended examples of existing and fictional field sites
Authors: Needle Mattathias D. , Crider Juliet G. , Mooc Jacky , Akers John F.
Published: September 2022

Abstract. We present two original, video-game-style field geology experiences designed to allow flexible, open-ended exploration for geologic mapping and structural geology. One simulation features the Whaleback anticline, a site in central Pennsylvania (USA), with a three-dimensional exposure of a 30 m high fold, based on a terrain model that was acquired through structure-from-motion photogrammetry. The second example is a fictional location with simplified geology, which was built with digital modeling software and inspired by the geology of northwestern Washington. Users move through the terrain, as if in the field, selecting where to make observations of the geologic structure. Additionally, these virtual field experiences provide novel visualization opportunities through tools like a geodetic compass that instantly plots data to a stereonet and a jetpack simulation, which allows the user to interrogate geologic surfaces in hard-to-reach locations. We designed the virtual field experiences in a widely used video-game-creation software and published the field simulations for access via the internet and common web browsers so that no special hardware or software is required to play. We implemented these field simulations to partially replace field and lab exercises in two different courses offered remotely through the University of Washington Department of Earth and Space Sciences, with assignments that address many of the learning goals of traditional in-person exercises. Because the virtual field experiences are open-ended, other instructors can design different exercises to meet different learning goals. While this game environment currently serves as an enhancement to remote education, this format can also augment traditional educational experiences, overcoming several challenges to accessing the field or particular outcrops and, thereby, broadening opportunities for participation and scientific collaboration.
Revisiting the Hydrological Basis of the Budyko Framework With the Hydrologically Similar Groups Principle
Authors: Chen Yuchan , Chen Xiuzhi , Xue Meimei , Yang Chuanxun , Zheng Wei , Cao Jun , Yan Wenting
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The Budyko framework is a simple but effective tool for watershed water balance estimation. Accurate estimation of the watershed characteristic parameter (Pw) is critical to accurate water balance simulations using the Budyko framework. However, there is no universal quantification criterion for the Pw because of the complex interactions between hydrologic, climatic, and watershed characteristic factors at global scales. Therefore, this research introduced the hydrologically similar groups principle into the Budyko framework and defined the criteria for quantifying Pw in similar environments. We classified global watersheds into six groups based on watershed attributes, including climate, soil moisture, and vegetation, and identified the controlling factors of the Pw in each hydrologically similar group. Our results show that the Pw is closely related to soil moisture (SM) and the power function gradually changes from positive to negative as soil moisture increases. The relationship between the Pw and fractional vegetation cover (FVC) can be described with different linear equations in different hydrologic similarity groups, except in the group with no strong seasonality and moist soils. Based on these relationships, a model for estimating the Pw (PwM) was established with multiple non-linear regression methods between the Pw and its controlling factors (SM and FVC). Then, we used bootstrapping and runoff reconstruction methods to verify the usability of PwM. The validation results illustrate that PwM overall presents a satisfactory performance through bootstrapping (R2 = 0.63) and runoff reconstruction (R2 = 0.89). Results show that the hydrologically similar groups method can quantify the Pw and the improved Budyko framework can aptly simulate global runoff, especially in humid watersheds. This study lays the basis for explaining the Pw in the Budyko framework and improves the applicability of the Budyko framework for estimating global runoff.
Identifying the Underlying Factors and Variables Governing Macronutrients in Cultivated Tropical Peatland Using Regression Tree Approach
Authors: Pulunggono Heru Bagus , Madani Yusuf Azmi , Zulfajrin Moh , Yusrizal
Published: September 2022

The capability of machine learning/ML algorithms to analyze the effect of human and environmental factors and variables in controlling soil nutrients has been profoundly studied over the last decades. Unfortunately, ML utilization to estimate macronutrients and their governing factors in cultivated tropical peat soil are extremely scarce. In this study, we trained regression tree/RT, ML-based pedotransfer models to predict total N, P, and K in peat soils based on oil palm/OP and OP+bush datasets. Our results indicated that the dataset might contain outliers, non-linear relationships, and heteroscedasticity, allowing RT-based models to perform better compared to multiple linear regression/MLR models (as a benchmark) in estimating total N and P in both datasets, contrastingly, not in K. The difference of important variables in each RT-based model partially showed the vital role of land use in nutrient modeling in peat. The depth of sample collection, organic C, and ash content became the prominent factor and variables in regulating the entire predicted nutrients. Meanwhile, the distance from the oil palm tree and pH were the salient features of total P prediction models in OP and OP+bush sites, respectively. This study proposed employing ML-based pedotransfer models in analyzing and interpreting complex tropical peat data as an alternative to linear-based regression. Our initial study also shed more light on the development possibility of the pedotransfer models that agricultural practician, researchers, companies, and farmers can use to predict macronutrients, both in tabular and spatial terms, in cultivated tropical peatlands
DISCURSO SOBRE O MUNDO COMO HOSPÍCIO E MONSTRUOSIDADE
Authors: Londe José , Amancio Wellington , Barboza Cléberton
Published: September 2022

O presente ensaio foi proferido na primeira reunião do Grupo de Estudo Nietzsche e Indigência. Aqui, tratamos do desenvolvimento inicial do conceito de Monstruosidade e, neste percurso, demonstramos em muitos exemplos, a monstruosidade na história. Partimos de um conceito precisado no âmbito da palavra alemã inaudito, Ungeheuer – diferentemente da expressão grega que faz referência aos aspectos mais superficiais, por assim dizer, da monstruosidade, tais como tamanho e aparência. Desenvolvemos o conceito a partir da tríade “inescapabilidade”, “potencialidade” e “eventualização”. A discussão foi erigida a partir da obra de Nietzsche.
MARTIN BUBER E O SIGNIFICADO DE NAÇÃO
Authors: De Carvalho José Mauricio
Published: September 2022

Neste artigo examina-se o conceito de nação elaborado pelo filósofo judeu Martin Buber. Mostra-se como ele desenvolveu uma posição equidistante tanto do projeto de um poder político que levasse à criação do Estado de Israel afastado da espiritualidade judaica, quanto a de viver essa espiritualidade afastada do compromisso do povo de criar um espaço terreno onde fosse feito a experiência do Reino de Deus. Isso significou historicamente posicionar-se entre as posições de Theodor Herzel e Hermann Cohen. A tese de Buber também se distancia do conceito de nação preconizado pelo idealismo alemão. Finalmente, a posição de Buber é contraposta à visão do assunto de outros fenomenólogos com os quais tem semelhanças e diferenças.
A CONCEPÇÃO SARTRIANA DA CONSCIÊNCIA NA PERSPECTIVA DE TRÊS TEORIAS CONTEMPORÂNEAS
Authors: Prata Tárik de Athayde
Published: September 2022

O artigo examina a concepção de consciência de Jean-Paul Sartre – especialmente a partir das distinções entre (i) consciência posicional e consciência não posicional, e entre (ii) consciência irrefletida e consciência reflexiva – do ponto de vista de três teorias atuais, oriundas da filosofia da mente. Enquanto a abordagem de ordem superior (seção 3) é oposta à visão de Sartre, a perspectiva da intrinsicalidade ampla (seção 4) corresponde ao propósito dele de pensar a consciência como algo uno. Mas a opção mais promissora para elucidar a concepção de Sartre é o modelo da integração através dos níveis, pois esse modelo pensa a unidade da consciência de forma não arbitrária e em termos de uma efetiva unidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Consciência; ordem superior; intrinsicalidade ampla; integração através dos níveis.
Direitos Políticos como Direitos Fundamentais: contribuições do Debate da Derivação do Estado
Authors: Caldas Camilo Onoda Luiz
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo examina os Direitos Políticos fundamentais com base na perspectiva do Debate da Derivação do Estado e de outras teorias críticas acerca dos direitos civis e políticos. O objetivo é mostrar a interdependência e especificidade dos direitos civis e políticos no modo de produção capitalista, a partir desta linha teórica e apontar dificuldades das teorias tradicionais, dentro e fora do marxismo, para explicar a dimensão política como Direito Fundamental de todo indivíduo no capitalismo. Como resultado, são trazidos novos elementos teóricos para se entender a dinâmica e (in)eficácia dos Direitos Políticos na atualidade.