bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Boys just ruin it”: Exploring the popularity of lesbian pornography among straight women
Authors: Avgar Rotem
Published: October 2024

While scholars have examined female viewership of pornography, the phenomenon of heterosexual women watching lesbian pornography has received little attention. Drawing on statistical data from pornographic websites, articles of straight women who watch lesbian porn, and analysis of ten pornographic videos in the Lesbian category, this paper identifies five key themes behind the phenomenon: Focusing on women’s pleasure; relatability; lack of degradation; authenticity; fantasy and experimentation. I maintain that the consumption of lesbian pornography allows straight women to explore and articulate their desires, constructing their sexual subjectivity and expanding the possibilities for female pleasure and agency. I show how pornography consumption can challenge cultural narratives about female sexuality and pleasure, contributing to a more fluid understanding of sexual identities and desires.
Phrasal verb production in child heritage speakers of English residing in Mexico: Chronological age, experience, and protracted development
Authors: Cuza Alejandro
Published: October 2024

Aims:

We investigated the extent to which child heritage speakers of English in contact with Spanish in Mexico accurately produce phrasal verbs, and if not, whether their difficulties are modulated by chronological age, language dominance, and experience.

Methods:

We implemented an elicited production task to elicit the use of idiomatic and transparent phrasal verbs in school-age children using a cross-sectional design. We tested 26 English-heritage children and adolescents (7.5–17.3; M = 10.4) residing in Mexico. Their results were compared with those of 18 English monolingual children born and raised in the American Midwest (6.11–14.9, M = 10.2). Chronological age, dominance, and patterns of language experience were included as covariables.

Data and Analysis:

Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with binomial distribution.

Findings:

The heritage children exhibited significant difficulties in accurately using phrasal verbs compared with monolingual children, particularly with idiomatic phrases, revealing an asymmetry between the two structure types. Difficulties were modulated by age and linguistic experience. Importantly, as children aged and experienced extended exposure to English, the observed challenges diminished, aligning with recent findings in heritage language development. We posit that these divergences are attributed to protracted development during childhood.

Originality:

This study expands on recent work with adult heritage speakers of English by tracking the development of phrasal verbs in school-age children quasi-longitudinally rather than observing the adult-like outcome. Furthermore, examining young and older school-age heritage speakers of English in contact with Spanish as the dominant language in Mexico contributes to existing research primarily centered on heritage speakers of minoritized languages in the United States.
Understanding the communicative strategies used in online political advertising and how the public views them
Authors: Dommett Katharine , Mensah Samuel A , Zhu Junyan , Stafford Tom
Published: October 2024

Concerns about online political advertising often focus on the techniques used to engage the intended audience. This article assesses the communicative strategies used in online political advertising and their reception by the public by analysing 2272 Facebook ads during the 2019 UK general election. By examining the prominence, tone, and source of six communicative strategies, we find that different communicative strategies are not used to the same extent. While positive tones are predominantly used by all actors, negative tones are more prevalent in several strategies, especially when mobilised by satellite campaign groups. Moreover, ads with negative strategies are deemed less acceptable compared to those employing targeting or positive strategies. However, when negative and positive strategies are combined, adverts can be deemed more acceptable. This study contributes new empirical evidence regarding the communicative strategies deployed in online political ads and offers insights for campaigners about public perceptions.
Opioid substitution treatment, relapse and addiction-related outcomes in prison setting and after release: A longitudinal study
Authors: Geißelsöder Kerstin , Weiss Maren , Boksán Klara , Dechant Michael , Endres Johann , Breuer Maike , Stemmler Mark , Wodarz Norbert
Published: October 2024

Aims: Opioid addiction is a common problem among prisoners. The aim of this study was to examine differences between people who are incarcerated receiving opioid substitution treatment (OST) and those not receiving OST on addiction-related outcome variables during incarceration and after release from prison. Variables covered illicit use of opioids, non-prescribed substitution medication and other substances, opioid withdrawal symptoms, opioid craving, non-fatal overdoses and post-release substitution treatment. Design: Interviews (European Addiction Severity Index, EuropASI) were conducted with 247 participants in German prisons before release. Participants were interviewed again 1 month and 3–6 months after release from prison. Results: During incarceration, participants who received OST used less illicit opioids and non-prescribed substitution medication than those who did not receive OST. After release from prison, participants in the OST group reported less illicit opioid use and less non-prescribed substitution medication use, as well as less opioid craving. Participants who received OST in prison were more likely to be in OST at post-release follow-up than those who had not received in-prison OST. Conclusion: OST appears to have a positive effect on illicit opioid use and craving both in prison and after release, as well as on treatment at follow-up, which can be considered a protective factor.
Social work research culture in Australian university settings
Authors: Hughes Mark , Tilbury Clare , Hitchcock Clarissa , Bigby Christine
Published: October 2024

There has been increased attention on the performance of social work researchers and strategies for strengthening the connection between research and practice. However, little is known about the research culture of social work discipline groups within universities and what contributes to a sustainable high-performance culture. Twenty experienced social work researchers from Australian universities were recruited and participated in qualitative interviews. Informed by a critical realist perspective, participants shared what they perceive as influencing social work research culture in university settings.

Findings

Participants reflected on the beliefs, values, and behaviors contributing to a positive research culture in universities and social work discipline groups. Four key themes were developed: research culture is enhanced when there is a cadre of research-qualified staff; collaboration enhances research culture; time for research needs to be protected; and the professional narrative about social work research influences research culture in universities. Precarious employment for research staff, limited focus on research training in social work qualifying degrees and workloads that focus primarily on administration and teaching were seen as inhibitors of research culture.

Applications

Attracting and retaining high-performing social work researchers assist in setting benchmarks for research performance, strengthening the quality and purpose of research training, supporting junior colleagues to navigate research systems, and creating opportunities for collaboration. While multidisciplinary collaborations within a particular field can sometimes detract from a focus on research culture in social work, they can also raise performance expectations and strengthen positioning for competitive grants.
A novel sparse Gaussian process regression with time-aware spatiotemporal kernel for remaining useful life prediction and uncertainty quantification of bearings
Authors: Cui Jin , Ji Jinchen , Zhang Tianxiao , Ni Qing , Cao Licai , Chen Zixu
Published: October 2024

Accurate prediction and uncertainty quantification (UQ) of bearings’ remaining useful life (RUL) are essential for the safe operation of critical machinery. Conventional machine-learning-based UQ methods for RUL prediction involve specialized designs and multiple inference iterations, reducing prognostic efficiency in engineering applications. Accordingly, this study presents a novel sparse Gaussian process regression (GPR) method that uses a time-aware spatiotemporal kernel to predict bearing RUL with UQ. The architecture of the proposed approach primarily consists of two components. The first is a dual-branch network used to extract deep features from input sequences. One branch utilizes a residual convolutional gated recurrent unit to extract deep spatiotemporal features from input sequences, while the other branch is an encoder that processes time information to enrich feature variability over time. The second component is the RUL prediction segment with sparse GPR, which offers not only accurate RUL estimations but also effective UQ from the acquired deep features. The proposed method facilitates systematic and concurrent training optimization of these two components, achieving efficient and accurate end-to-end RUL prediction. The proposed method was validated on two experimental datasets. Compared to existing approaches, it enhances RUL prediction accuracy and provides effective UQ, facilitating the development of reliable maintenance strategies.
Child Maltreatment Increases the Risk for Callous-Unemotional Traits: A Three-Level Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Gao Shuling , Tian Yannan , Assink Mark , Meng Xianxin , Zhong Hua , Chan Ko Ling
Published: October 2024

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are characterized by lack of remorse and guilt, lack of empathy, and shallow and deficient emotions. A growing body of research has examined the association between child maltreatment and CU traits. However, empirical findings on this association are inconclusive. Therefore, this meta-analytic review aimed to examine the overall association between child maltreatment and CU traits and potentially moderating variables. After searching five databases (Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, MEDLINE, and CNKI), a total of 37 studies ( N = 26,010 participants) yielding 165 effect sizes were synthesized in three-level meta-analytic models. Results showed that child maltreatment is significantly and positively related to CU traits (mean r = .183; p < .001). Moderator analyses showed that this association is larger in females than in males, larger in community samples ( r = .243) than in clinical samples ( r = .073), and in terms of CU trait dimensions stronger for callousness ( r = .251) than for uncaring ( r = .134) and unemotional dimensions ( r = .050). It is concluded that child maltreatment is a risk factor for the development of CU traits and discussed that interventions for CU traits in antisocial groups should be aware of the environmental influence of interpersonal trauma resulting from childhood maltreatment experiences.
External Factors Influencing the Implementation of Policy, System, and Environmental Change Strategies Within Cooperative Extension
Authors: Kennedy Lauren E. , Norman-Burgdolf Heather , Jarvandi Soghra , Washburn Lisa T.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Multilevel approaches are important to promote the adoption of healthier practices at the individual and community levels. Cooperative Extension pairs policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) change approaches with direct education programs focused on individual and community health. This study sought to understand Family and Consumer Sciences (FCS) Extension agents’ perceptions of PSE change supports, benefits for their communities, and resources and partnerships important for implementation. Method. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to develop a survey to assess outer setting domains related to PSE work. In addition to close-ended questions, the survey included several open-ended, qualitative questions exploring the benefits, resources, and relationships required to implement PSE changes. The surveys were collected online from FCS agents in two states. Descriptive statistics were calculated, open responses were coded, and key themes were established. Results. FCS agents (n=116) indicated high levels of agreement about having necessary support from state-level specialists (71%) and the overall Extension organization (64%). The largest gaps in support were reported as grant or external funding sources, time, and county programming funds. Half of the sample agreed that PSE training was adequate, but only 38.5% reported previously participating in PSE-specific training. Open-ended question responses revealed diverse relationships and numerous benefits of PSE work, including more sustainable health behavior changes and greater local Extension visibility. Discussion. Our findings corroborate previous work and identify potential gaps that future interventions can address to better support Extension and public health professionals when implementing PSE work at the community level.
Industrial-scale needle-less electrospinning of tetracycline-immobilized nanofibrous scaffolds using a polycaprolactone/polyethylene oxide/chitosan blend for wound healing
Authors: Lubasova Daniela , Tomankova Hana , Polakova Dagmar
Published: October 2024

Nanofibrous scaffolds offer significant promise for wound healing due to their ability to absorb exudates, prevent microbial contamination, and enhance oxygen diffusion. However, challenges remain in fully realizing their clinical potential, as previous research has primarily focused on scaffolds made of two polymers or those encapsulating therapeutic agents within nanofibers. Additionally, scaling up fabrication while maintaining functionality presents a significant challenge. This study introduces a novel type of nanofibrous scaffold, combining poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly (caprolactone) (PCL), and chitosan (CS) in various mass ratios, electrospun using Nanospider™ technology. The scaffolds featured fiber diameters ranging from 134 ± 37 to 148 ± 38 nm and exhibit high gram-per-square-meter values between 6.8 and 8.6 g/m2. An optimal balance of hydrophilicity was achieved, and the scaffolds demonstrated superior breathability with moisture vapor transmission rates ranging from 1904.3 ± 28.6 to 2005.7 ± 42.9 g/m2/day, outperforming commercial wound dressings. Additionally, a wide range of hydrolytic degradation rates (3.8 ± 1% to 73.2 ± 0.8%), elongation at fracture (21% to 0.8%), and Young’s modulus (106.7 ± 8.5 MPa to 170.7 ± 11.9 MPa) were observed. Surface-immobilized tetracycline (TET) significantly enhanced antibacterial efficacy, with inhibition zones exceeding 20 mm against Escherichia coli. Our findings confirm that scaffold properties can be effectively tailored by adjusting the PEO/PCL ratio, advancing customization for wound care. Post-fabrication soaking in TET solutions further boosts antibacterial performance and allows for tailored post-production adjustments. Compared to existing studies, this approach simplifies customization and improves the practicality of wound care solutions.
Effects of Physical Activity on Cardiotoxicity and Cardio respiratory Function in Cancer Survivors Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Kang , Guan Hui , Sun Meixia , Zhang Yukun , Zhong Wenwen , Guo Xiaonan , Zuo Anqi , Zhuang He
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Physical activity, as a promising complementary therapy, has shown considerable potential for reducing chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity (CTRCT) and enhancing cardiorespiratory function (CRF). This study aimed to systematically assess the effects of physical activity on CTRCT and CRF in various cancer survivors receiving chemotherapy. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. A literature search was conducted across 8 databases from inception to January 2024 and was limited to the English and Chinese languages. Statistical analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 17.0 software. Results: Sixteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the systematic review and 15 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Among various cancer survivors undergoing chemotherapy, physical activity markedly increased absolute oxygen uptake (VO2peak or VO2max; WMD = 292.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]:87.87 to 498.12, P = .005), with significant effects of subgroup analysis at 4 to 10 weeks ( P = .02) or over 16 weeks ( P < .01), moderate-to-high or high intensity training (both P < .0001), patients with breast cancer ( P = .009) and reported CTRCT ( P = .007); relative VO2peak or VO2max(WMD = 3.30, 95%CI: 2.02 to 4.58, P < .00001), with significant effects of subgroup analysis at 10 to 16 weeks or over 16 weeks, moderate-to-high or high intensity training, patients with breast cancer, with or without reported CTRCT and exercise during chemotherapy (all P < .01); E/A values (WMD = 0.11, 95%CI:0.03 to 0.18, P = .007) and flow-mediated dilatation (WMD = 2.71, 95%CI:1.49 to 3.94, P < .0001). Compared to the control group, physical activity had no significant improvement in E/e’ values ( P = .50), NT-proBNP ( P = .12), hs-cTn ( P = 3.83), left ventricular ejection fraction (WMD = 2.89, 95%CI: −3.28 to 9.06, P = .36) with non-significant effects being independent of exercise intensity or duration, with or without CTRCT and cancer types (all P > .05), and global longitudinal strain (WMD = 0.37, 95%CI: −0.20 to 0.94, P = .20) with non-significant effects being independent of exercise duration and cancer types(both P > .05). Conclusions: Physical activity may be an effective complementary therapy to improve CRF and CTRCT in various cancer survivors, particularly during medium to long duration and moderate-to-high and high intensity exercise with concurrent chemotherapy.
A dementia education programme for pre-registration nurses: a protocol for process and outcomes evaluation
Authors: Harkin Deirdre , Conway Aoife , Ryan Assumpta
Published: October 2024

Background:

Dementia’s increasing prevalence, particularly among the ageing population, highlights the urgent need for specialised care. Nurses play a critical role, but often lack sufficient training, leading to low confidence in dementia care. The Dementia Education Programme (DEP) was launched to address this, offering a multi-level curriculum for student nurses.

Aims:

This paper presents a protocol for evaluating the DEP for nursing students. This study aims to assess the programme’s impact on students’ knowledge, attitudes and confidence while exploring the mechanisms influencing the programme’s implementation and effectiveness.

Methods:

The protocol employs a dual-fold evaluation, incorporating outcomes and process evaluation. The study uses a mixed-methods strategy, specifically a sequential explanatory design. Quantitative data are gathered longitudinally at four time points using validated instruments to assess knowledge, attitudes and confidence. Based on the results of the quantitative analysis, qualitative data is then collected through interviews and detailed field notes.

Results:

The DEP is described in detail, emphasising essential elements and underpinning theories. The protocol addresses ethical considerations as well as possible strengths and weaknesses of the study.

Conclusions:

By combining quantitative and qualitative methods, the research aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation, informing future educational practices and policy development in dementia care.
Comparing comprehension of consent document between adolescent girls and caregivers of adolescents in Siaya County, Kenya: implications for research with adolescents
Authors: Onyango Jacob , Wango Gift-Noelle , Okeyo Nicky , Oluoch Lennah , Thirumurthy Harsha , Omoya Millicent , Ounda Nancy , Omondi Dickens , Agot Kawango
Published: October 2024

Despite their vulnerability, adolescents are often excluded from health research due to ethical concerns about research with minors, especially in low-income regions like Sub-Saharan Africa. We enrolled adolescent girls aged 15–17 years and caregivers of girls of the same age. Using a 25-question Comprehension Score Sheet, we applied a quantitative approach to compare the comprehension of informed consent of 33 adolescent girls and 41 caregivers of adolescent girls aged 15–17 years. The assessments were audio-recorded and reviewed for quality check. The results showed that adolescent girls were significantly better than caregivers in comprehending informed consent information overall and specifically on study procedures, voluntarism and study purpose. This suggests that adolescents can understand informed consent information at the same level as or better than caregivers who are entrusted with providing permission for adolescents to participate in research.
Coaches’ perceptions on the Spread: A 1 vs 1 goalkeeper technique. International survey on 400 + goalkeeper coaches
Authors: Gramage Medina Kevin , Delvaux François , Schwartz Cédric , Berwart Gilles , Barnerat Thierry , Croisier Jean-Louis , Kaux Jean-François
Published: October 2024

In this study, we explore goalkeeper (GK) coaches’ knowledge and use of the Spread, a 1v1 goalkeeping technique, and their experiences and perceptions on injury risks related to it. An online questionnaire was distributed internationally between January and March 2023, collecting a total of 411 complete answers (largest sample of GK coaches to date). GK coaches’ demographics were used to explore significant differences between answers. Almost all coaches recognized (99%) and used (78%) the technique. Coaches recommended to start training the Spread from a Recreational level and at an age of 11.3 ± 2.8. Contact with another player was the most (67%) perceived type of injury risk; 38% of the coaches recalled at least one player getting injured performing the Spread ( Elite level coaches significantly more likely, p < .01); with Contusion (16.3%) and Musculo-skeletal (15.8%) being the most recalled type of injuries. Most coaches perceived no injury risk differences between male and female GK (68.1%), nor between young and adult GK (41.1%). These results show the Spread's popularity among GK coaches while highlighting knowledge gaps in some areas (e.g., technical execution, sources of knowledge). Both researchers and stakeholders can leverage from the results to develop and improve GK-coaching interventions, particularly in the field of injury prevention.
Patient-reported outcomes in research on critically ill obstetric patients
Authors: Viau Lapointe Julien , Juando-Prats Clara , Zapata Roberto , Kfouri Julia , Ortuno-Nacho Joyamor , Ashraf Rizwana , D’Souza Rohan , Rojas-Suarez Jose , Lapinsky Stephen E
Published: October 2024

Background

Research benefits from the incorporation of patient-important outcomes. We interviewed individuals after a critical illness during pregnancy to identify outcomes for the development of a core outcome set (COS).

Methods

Participants were identified through intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in Toronto, Canada, and Barranquilla, Colombia. Interviewers used a semi-structured guide, and discussions were recorded and transcribed. Transcripts underwent inductive thematic analysis to delineate themes and patient-important outcomes.

Results

Twelve individuals were interviewed. Twenty-six patient-important outcomes were elicited, which represented the core outcome areas of mortality ( n = 1), physiological/clinical outcomes ( n = 7), functioning and life impact ( n = 13), resource use ( n = 4) and adverse events ( n = 1). These related to five identified themes of mental well-being, quality of care delivered, clinicians’ communication, regaining functional independence and mother–newborn separation.

Conclusions

This qualitative study identified patient-important outcomes from persons with lived experience of critical illness in pregnancy which will inform the development of a COS.
Carriage of the HLA-DQA1⋆05 haplotype is associated with a higher risk of infratherapeutic drug concentration and higher immunogenicity in patients undergoing treatment with anti-TNF for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Navajas Hernández Pilar , Mouhtar el Halabi Samer , González Parra Ana Caridad , Valdés Delgado Teresa , Maldonado Pérez Belén , Castro Laria Luisa , Charpentier Cloé , Argüelles-Arias Federico
Published: October 2024

Background:

The success of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drug strategies in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is altered by the development of anti-drug antibodies that reduce their efficacy. Studies have shown that the HLA-DQA1⋆05 allele increases the risk of immunogenicity to anti-TNF drugs approximately twofold.

Objective:

Analyze whether the presence of the HLA-DQA1⋆05 allele is associated with the development of immunogenicity and to evaluate the disease response to anti-TNF drugs (infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA)), according to the presence of this allele.

Design:

This is an observational retrospective cohort study, single center, to determine the impact of HLA-DQA1⋆05 on disease activity in patients with IBD at the Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena.

Methods:

In total, 200 IBD patients were included: 109 treated with IFX and 91 with ADA. Data were collected using the computerized medical records from the DIRAYA program of the Servicio Andaluz de Salud. Response—defined as improvement—and remission—defined as the disappearance of symptoms and analytical/endoscopic signs—were assessed using activity indices (partial Mayo, Harvey–Bradshaw) in all patients. Anti-TNF drug levels were also determined, as well as the presence or absence of anti-IFX and anti-ADA antibodies. The reporting of this study conforms to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement.

Results:

The HLA-DQA1⋆05 haplotype was present in 70 (35%) patients, including 39 (36%) treated with IFX and 31 (34%) with ADA. The risk of withdrawal, intensification, as well as antibody development, was higher in patients carrying the allele and on treatment with IFX or ADA.

Conclusion:

In our study, we demonstrated that there is an increased risk of immunogenicity in patients carrying the HLA-DQA1⋆05 genotype, which would support the idea of screening for this genetic variant before starting anti-TNF therapy, as its prevalence is high in the general population and increases the risk of treatment discontinuation due to loss of response.
A machine learning-based nomogram model for predicting the recurrence of cystitis glandularis
Authors: Liu Xuhao , Wang Yuhang , Wang Yinzhao , Dao Pinghong , Zhou Tailai , Zhu Wenhao , Huang Chuyang , Li Yong , Yan Yuzhong , Chen Minfeng
Published: October 2024

Background:

Cystitis glandularis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the urinary system characterized by high recurrence rates, the reasons for which are still unknown.

Objectives:

This study aims to identify potential factors contributing to recurrence and propose a simple and feasible prognostic model through nomogram construction.

Design:

Patients with confirmed recurrence based on outpatient visits or readmissions were included in this study, which was subsequently divided into training and validation cohorts.

Methods:

Machine learning techniques were utilized to screen for the most important predictors, and these were then employed to construct the nomogram. The reliability of the nomogram was assessed through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, decision curve analysis, and calibration curves.

Results:

A total of 252 patients met the screening criteria and were enrolled in this study. Over the 12-month follow-up period, the relapse rate was found to be 57.14% ( n = 144). The five final predictors identified through machine learning were urinary infections, urinary calculi, eosinophil count, lymphocyte count, and serum magnesium. The area under curve values for all three time points assessing recurrence exceeded 0.75. Furthermore, both calibration curves and decision curve analyses indicated good performance of the nomogram.

Conclusion:

We have developed a reliable machine learning-based nomogram for predicting recurrence in cystitis glandularis
Engagement communautaire et prise en compte de la détresse psychologique, de la peur et de la stigmatisation dans la surveillance et la gestion des épidémies de la maladie à virus Ebola dans l’approche « Une seule santé » en République démocratique du Congo
Authors: Mwamba Dieudonné Kazadi , Zarowsky Christina , Manianga Célé Depaul , Kapanga Serge , Moullec Grégory
Published: October 2024

Introduction et objectif :

Une réponse efficace aux crises sanitaires telle la maladie à virus Ebola (MVE) nécessite l’engagement des communautés. Cette étude explore les enjeux psychosociaux influant sur la réponse des communautés congolaises aux épidémies de MVE, et comment la détresse et la résilience communautaire s’intègrent dans l’approche « Une seule santé » selon les perceptions des communautés.

Méthodes :

Cette étude de cas qualitative inclut des entretiens individuels ( n = 36) avec des informateurs clés et trois groupes de discussion avec des participants ( n = 28) issus de diverses associations locales, Cette étude de cas qualitative menée au Nord-Kivu inclut. Le cadre MATCH de l’engagement communautaire, adapté, structure l’analyse thématique.

Résultats :

Les participants ont tous reconnu le vécu douloureux – la peur, le rejet, la stigmatisation – des communautés et des professionnels de santé, et le rôle crucial des communautés dans la réponse aux épidémies. Ils ont souligné l’importance d’impliquer ces communautés dans l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre des stratégies pour éviter l’« Ebola business ». Les perceptions face à la maladie des différentes catégories de participants sont influencées par des croyances, les rôles sociaux et des considérations religieuses. Concernant l’approche « Une seule santé », les participants ont reconnu la nécessité d’impliquer toutes les couches sociales de la communauté.

Conclusion :

Un modèle innovant de gestion des épidémies et urgences de santé publique intègre les essentiels de l’engagement communautaire dont la détresse psychologique.
Identification of a central network hub of key prognostic genes based on correlation between transcriptomics and survival in patients with metastatic solid tumors
Authors: Lazar Vladimir , Raymond Eric , Magidi Shai , Bresson Catherine , Wunder Fanny , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana , Tijeras-Rabaland Annemilaï , Raynaud Jacques , Onn Amir , Ducreux Michel , Batist Gerald , Lassen Ulrik , Cilius Nielsen Fin , Schilsky Richard L. , Rubin Eitan , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: October 2024

Background:

Dysregulated pathways in cancer may be hub addicted. Identifying these dysregulated networks for targeting might lead to novel therapeutic options.

Objective:

Considering the hypothesis that central hubs are associated with increased lethality, identifying key hub targets within central networks could lead to the development of novel drugs with improved efficacy in advanced metastatic solid tumors.

Design:

Exploring transcriptomic data (22,000 gene products) from the WINTHER trial ( N = 101 patients with various metastatic cancers), in which both tumor and normal organ-matched tissue were available.

Methods:

A retrospective in silico analysis of all genes in the transcriptome was conducted to identify genes different in expression between tumor and normal tissues (paired t-test) and to determine their association with survival outcomes using survival analysis (Cox proportional hazard regression algorithm). Based on the biological relevance of the identified genes, hub targets of interest within central networks were then pinpointed. Patients were grouped based on the expression level of these genes ( K-mean clustering), and the association of these groups with survival was examined (Cox proportional hazard regression algorithm, Forest plot, and Kaplan–Meier plot).

Results:

We identified four key central hub genes— PLOD3, ARHGAP11A, RNF216, and CDCA8, for which high expression in tumor tissue compared to analogous normal tissue had the most significant correlation with worse outcomes. The correlation was independent of tumor or treatment type. The combination of the four genes showed the highest significance and correlation with the poorer outcome: overall survival (hazard ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 10.5 (3.43–31.9) p = 9.12E−07 log-rank test in a Cox proportional hazard regression model). Findings were validated in independent cohorts.

Conclusion:

The expression of PLOD3, ARHGAP11A, RNF216, and CDCA8 constitute, when combined, a prognostic tool, agnostic of tumor type and previous treatments. These genes represent potential targets for intercepting central hub networks in various cancers, offering avenues for novel therapeutic interventions.
CD34 as a potential prognostic indicator for camrelizumab response in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: insights from digital spatial profiling
Authors: Huang Xinyi , Tian Baoqing , Ren Ziyuan , Zhang Jingxin , Yan Weiwei , Mo You , Yuan Jupeng , Ma Yujiao , Wang Ruiyang , Liu Rufei , Chen Minxin , Yu Jinming , Chen Dawei
Published: October 2024

Background:

Given that only a small subset of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the effectiveness of ICIs is often compromised by the complex interplay within the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Objectives:

To identify predictive biomarkers associated with ICI resistance at a multi-omics spatial level.

Design:

A total of eight aNSCLC patients who received first-line anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody camrelizumab at Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute between 2021 and 2022 were included in the discovery cohort. An additional validation cohort of 45 samples from camrelizumab-treated aNSCLC patients was also enrolled.

Methods:

NanoString GeoMx®digital spatial profiling was conducted at the transcriptomic and proteomic level within pan-cytokeratin (panCK+), CD45+, and CD68+compartments. For validation, multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) staining was performed.

Results:

Distinct spatial expression patterns and levels of immune infiltration were observed between tumor and leukocyte compartments. Higher CD34 expression in the macrophage compartment correlated with poorer prognosis and response to camrelizumab ( p < 0.05). mIF validation confirmed the association of elevated CD34 expression level with reduced progression-free survival (PFS; hazard ratio (HR) = 5.011, 95% confidence interval: 1.057–23.752, p = 0.042), outperforming traditional tumor markers in predictive accuracy.

Conclusion:

Our findings identify CD34 as a novel spatial biomarker for anti-PD-1 therapy efficacy, potentially guiding the selection of aNSCLC patients who are more likely to benefit from ICI treatment.

Trial registration:

ChiCTR2000040416.
Imaging in psoriatic arthritis: established methods and emerging techniques
Authors: Jin Yingzhao , Cheng Isaac T , Wu Dongze , Yan Xianfeng , Lau Sze-Lok , Wong Nga Sze , Hung Vivian W , Qin Ling , Lee Ryan Ka Lok , Griffith James F , Szeto Cheuk-Chun , So Ho , Tam Lai-Shan
Published: October 2024

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a heterogeneous, chronic, inflammatory musculoskeletal disease that can lead to peripheral and axial damage and loss of function. A clear difference between PsA and other forms of inflammatory arthritis is the different forms of bone remodeling seen in PSA which incorporates not only increased bone resorption with bone erosions, osteolysis, and loss of bone mineral density but also increased bone formation with periostitis, syndesmophytes, enthesiophytes, and ankylosis. PsA, if diagnosed late, will lead to significant structural damage, the most severe form of which is known as arthritis mutilans, and loss of physical function. Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring both peripheral and axial conditions associated with PsA. Radiography is currently the main modality used to monitor structural damage in PsA though commonly used scoring systems do not include bony proliferation as a criterion. Besides, radiography is limited in determining the presence and cause of periarticular soft tissue thickening, which may arise from tendinosis, tenosynovitis, synovial proliferation, bursitis, or enthesitis. Recently, much more attention has been paid to determining the imaging characteristics of PsA, which enables more precise identification of disease and severity assessment. Newer imaging technologies also enable variations in normal bone microstructure to be distinguished from disease-related abnormality. This review discusses the current state of innovative imaging modalities in PsA, specifically concentrating on their roles in PsA diagnosis and treatment, improving the early detection of PsA, and identifying patients with skin psoriasis at risk of developing psoriatic arthritis.
Counting the costs: a nationwide study on healthcare use following an adalimumab biosimilar switch in >1300 inflammatory arthritis patients
Authors: Nabi Hafsah , Ibsen Rikke , Ibsen Michael , Kjellberg Jakob , Hetland Merete Lund , Glintborg Bente
Published: October 2024

Background:

In Denmark, cost savings motivate mandatory biosimilar switches. In 2018, patients switched from originator to biosimilar adalimumab, that is, to GP2017 in Eastern and to SB5 in Western Denmark. However, concerns were raised about additional costs covering, that is, an increased number of outpatient visits due to patient education, treatment monitoring, and patient concerns.

Objectives:

To investigate whether the switch led to increased total healthcare costs, defined as costs related to in- and outpatient contacts in hospitals and the primary sector and use of prescription medicine (excluding biological treatment).

Design:

Observational cohort study with geographical cluster pseudo-randomization.

Methods:

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA), who switched were identified in the nationwide DANBIO registry. Total healthcare costs 9 months before and after the switch were captured from the National Patient and Prescription registries. The difference between pre- and post-switch costs was estimated by a generalized estimation equations (GEE) model.

Results:

Overall, 1316 patients switched to GP2017 ( n = 621) or SB5 ( n = 695). Total healthcare costs were mainly driven by hospital costs. The monthly fluctuations of hospital costs 9 months before and after the switch were largely similar or decreased. In the adjusted analyses (GEE), hospital costs decreased after the switch (by approximately 15%) for GP2017 switchers, especially PsA (estimate = 0.83; 95% CI 0.75–0.92) and AxSpA patients (estimate = 0.85; 0.77–0.93), with no significant changes for SB5 switchers.

Conclusion:

We found no increase in total healthcare costs in 9 months following a nationwide mandatory adalimumab originator to biosimilar switch. Our findings were strengthened by similar results for GP2017 and SB5.
Incredibly Committed? Assessing Regulatory Agency Financial Autonomy in Brazil From a Critical Perspective
Authors: Cunha Bruno Queiroz , Silva Mauro Santos
Published: October 2024

Despite the expansion of the regulatory agency model in Brazil since 1996, specialized literature has raised concerns that the autonomy of the country's regulators has been persistently undermined. Based on a novel 22-year budget dataset, this study challenges the dominant thinking, as it points to a process of continuous institutional embedding. Nevertheless, this process has been endangered by fiscal austerity since 2016. The article contributes to the literature by presenting new ways in which organizational de facto autonomy can develop in state-dependent market economies. Moreover, it provides political economy insights into the legitimacy acquired by regulatory agencies across the political spectrum in Latin America.
Firm Compliance, State Enforcement and Social Insurance Coverage in China
Authors: Qian Jiwei , Wen Zhuoyi , Jiang Jin
Published: October 2024

How did China achieve remarkable expansion in social insurance coverage in recent years? The significant social insurance coverage expansion in China since the mid-first decade of the twenty-first century appears to counter the findings of a substantial segment of the policy implementation literature, which portrays local governments as lacking enforcement capabilities and incentives. This study argues that firm compliance plays a crucial role in driving social insurance coverage expansion. It employs a novel strategy to verify the aforementioned argument by investigating informal sector workers’ social insurance enrolment status. Analysis of nationally representative survey data reveals that firm compliance emerges as a key factor. Although this study shows that state enforcement does not directly impact coverage expansion, it also establishes that the likelihood of firm compliance increases with the anticipated severity of government sanctions. These findings enhance the understanding of the roles of the state and firms in the expansion of social insurance coverage in China.
Prognostic Factors of Hearing Improvement for EES and MES in Attic Cholesteatoma
Authors: Gao Minqian , Zeng Nan , Kang Weibiao , Lin Yong , Li Peng , Tao Yuan , Lu Yongtian , Zhao Wei , Chen Xiangwei , Jiang Zebin , Gao Jinliang , Yu Youjun , Liang Wanshan , Zhai Sijia , Yang Qiong , Yang Haidi
Published: October 2024

Objective

The surgical strategy of cholesteatomas is still controversial. This study aimed to compare the hearing improvement and determine the prognostic factors between endoscopic and microscopic ear surgery for attic cholesteatoma via a multicenter retrospective study.

Methods

This retrospective study included 169 patients with attic cholesteatoma who received endoscopic ear surgery (EES) or microscopic ear surgery (MES) from 12 otorhinolaryngology centers. Hearing improvement between EES and MES was evaluated, including the postoperative pure tone average (PTA) and air-bone gap (A-B Gap), as well as the hearing threshold across the low-, mid-, and high-frequency. The success rate of grafts was collected. Linear regression was performed to access the prognostic value of preoperative PTA and A-B Gap. Patients were followed up for at least 3 years.

Results

The graft success rate of EES was 89.66% (78/87) versus 80.49% (66/82) for MES. The postoperative PTA and A-B Gap demonstrated significant improvement in EES compared to MES (Post-PTA: t = 3.281, P = .001; Post-A-B Gap: t = 2.197, P = .029). In the EES group, there were 59 ears (67.82%) with a postoperative A-B Gap ≤20 dB HL, which revealed a higher rate of successful hearing outcomes in EES as opposed to MES (χ2 = 9.904, P = .019). There were significantly better hearing improvement, shorter surgical times, and lower hospital stays in EES for epitympanic cholesteatoma without stapes superstructure involvement. The preoperative AC ≤79 dB and/or preoperative A-B Gap ≤52 dB was associated with a better prognosis in EES for epitympanic cholesteatoma with stapes superstructure involvement.

Conclusions

EES showed higher graft success rate, better hearing improvement, shorter surgical times and hospital stays for attic cholesteatoma, particularly without stapes superstructure involvement. The range of preoperative PTA and A-B Gap have shown the prognostic value, which maybe a favorable surgical indication for EES or MES.
Head-to-Head Comparison Between 18F-FDG PET and Leukocyte Scintigraphy to Monitor Treatment Responses in Necrotizing Otitis Externa
Authors: Hurstel Moïra , Vasseur Alice , Melki Saifeddine , Veran Nicolas , Imbert Laetitia , Nguyen Duc Trung , Rumeau Cécile , Verger Antoine
Published: October 2024

Background

Necrotizing otitis externa (NOE) is a rare disease associated with high morbidity and mortality, and there is currently no available accurate biomarker to assess treatment responses. The aim of the current study was to evaluate and directly compare the diagnostic performances of 18-Fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) and labeled leukocyte scintigraphy (LS) to monitor treatment responses in NOE.

Methods

Consecutive patients with NOE who underwent 18F-FDG PET at the end of antibiotic therapy and planar as well as single photon emission computed tomography-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy after completing the initial antibiotic treatment were retrospectively included. Semiquantitative analyses were performed to determine the ratios of affected/nonaffected sides for PET and 4 hour and 24 hour LS acquisitions as well as the kinetic PET ratios (at diagnosis and post-treatment) and LS (4 and 24 hours). The final treatment responses were assessed by 2 experienced ENT physicians based on clinical, otoscopic, and biological data and subsequent 3-month follow-up.

Results

Seventeen patients (74.0 ± 10.6 years old, 5 women) were included. The best diagnostic performances were obtained with the PET maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax)-lesion-to-background ratio and the tomographic LS lesion-to-background ratio at the 4-hour acquisition timepoint (thresholds of 4.1 and 1.19, yielding accuracies of 100% and 88%, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, the PET SUVmax-lesion-to-background ratio was the only predictive factor of recovery when associated with all clinical parameters ( P < .001).

Conclusion

18F-FDG PET is the first-line imaging modality for evaluating NOE treatment responses, with excellent diagnostic performances. LS with only 4-hour acquisitions appeared to suffice to evaluate NOE treatment responses. Both biomarkers constitute early prognostic biomarkers for predicting antibiotic treatment response in patients with NOE.

Trial registration

The institutional ethics committee (Comité d’Ethique du CHRU de Nancy) approved the evaluation of retrospective patient data, and the trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (n°2023PI003-404).
Risk Propensity in Journalists
Authors: Dunn Ellen K.
Published: October 2024

Much like first responders, journalists run toward dangerous scenes instead of away from them, often putting themselves at risk. Unlike first responders, there is no research on how a person's risk propensity ties to their career. To gauge if need correlates with risk, as Risk Sensitivity Theory suggests, reporters of various ages and tenures were surveyed on their sensation-seeking levels and propensity to engage in risky behaviors while on the job. According to the results, journalism risk propensity correlated positively with sensation seeking. Risk motivations increase with age and tenure, meaning that older and more experienced journalists are more likely to engage in risky behavior. Males are more risk-prone than females. The research, which was conducted among journalists in the southeastern United States, indicates that hurricane news coverage yields the most positive correlations with sensation seeking, age, and tenure.