bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Humanities: Using Technology to Analyze Cultural Artifacts
Authors:   Faculty of Business, Kampala International University, Uganda, Amina G. Kagaba
Published: December 2024

Digital Humanities (DH) is an interdisciplinary field at the confluence of traditional humanities and computational technologies. It examines new methods for analyzing, preserving, and understanding cultural artifacts through digitization, textual analysis, 3D scanning, and data visualization. This paper examines the scope of DH, the technological tools employed, and their applications in the study of cultural artifacts. Additionally, it addresses ethical concerns inherent in digitizing and interpreting cultural heritage. Through case studies, this research highlights how DH transforms scholarly practices by enabling innovative methodologies and providing new insights into historical and cultural narratives while emphasizing the importance of ethical practices and equitable representation.

Keywords: Digital Humanities, Cultural Artifacts, Digitization, 3D Scanning, Textual Analysis, Data Visualization.
Mujeres que limpian: experiencia de afrocolombianas en el trabajo doméstico remunerado.
Authors: López Bajo Lizett Paola
Published: December 2024

El servicio doméstico es un es un nicho laboral racializado y privado de derechos, las representaciones sociales asocian a mujeres negras a roles de cuidado funcionando de manera tal, que dificulta su acceso a ocupaciones laborales mejor remuneradas que afectan tanto la movilidad social como refuerza estereotipos. En América Latina, desde la primera mitad del Siglo XX, se hicieron esfuerzos por garantizar los derechos laborales de las trabajadoras domésticas, este largo proceso de lucha condujo a la creación del Convenio No 189 de la OIT en Colombia, que se ratificó a través de la Ley 1595 de 2012. Este convenio proporcionó un marco jurídico propio para que los Estados se comprometieran en la garantía de los derechos laborales; sin embargo, aún falta mucho para que esta normativa se materialice. A partir de entrevistas en profundidad con activistas feministas negras en la ciudad de Cartagena, se reconstruyen y analizan las experiencias en torno a las desigualdades de clase y género que coartan las posibilidades de movilidad social de mujeres negras así como una etnografía y documental. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar cómo se configuran las experiencias de las mujeres negras en el trabajo doméstico remunerado para mujeres blanco-mestizas de clase media, media alta y alta de la ciudad de Cartagena.
Empleadas del hogar en Zacatecas: énfasis locales de una violencia estructural
Authors: Morales Díaz Zayra Yadira , Acosta Reveles Irma Lorena
Published: December 2024

Las mujeres que se emplean en los hogares de la zona conurbada Zacatecas-Guadalupe lo hacen en condiciones laborales precarias y vulnerables. Este documento tiene como fin identificar algunos de los elementos de violencia distintivos en la región, en el marco de violencias estructurales que afectan a las trabajadoras del hogar. Para ello se utilizaron datos obtenidos a través de una investigación empírica sobre la situación específica de las empleadas del hogar en Zacatecas, mediante la aplicación de encuestas a 106 trabajadoras, 106 personas empleadoras, 10 entrevistas semiestructuradas a trabajadoras, 10 entrevistas semiestructuradas a personas empleadoras y 2 entrevistas semiestructuradas a servidoras públicas de la zona estudiada. Como resultado, se advierte de la pobreza crónica local y la indiferencia institucional hacia este segmento de trabajadoras; factores explicativos de orden socioeconómico, histórico y político que vienen a reforzar, y acentúan su vulnerabilidad.
Ep 04 - Nobel Breakthroughs: AI Meets Biology at the Frontiers of Science
Authors: Titus Alexander
Published: December 2024

Key Takeaways: The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Geoffrey Hinton and John Hopfield for their pioneering work on artificial neural networks, which laid the foundation for modern deep learning. The 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to David Baker, Demis Hassabis, and John Jumper for using AI to predict and design protein structures, revolutionizing our understanding of these crucial biological molecules.
Ep 01 - Welcome to Co-Evolution: Tech, Policy, and Our Lives
Authors: Titus Alexander
Published: December 2024

The podcast audio is AI-generated with Google’s NotebookLM

Hey there, fellow tech enthusiasts, policy wonks, and curious minds! Welcome to "Co-Evolution: Tech, Policy, and our Lives," your new favorite corner of the internet where we'll be diving deep into the fascinating, sometimes messy, but always crucial intersection of emerging technology and public policy. I'm Alexander Titus, but I generally just go by Titus.
Beloved wild burro population in SoCal facing uncertain future-KTLA
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: December 2024

The wild burro population in Southern California has been a cherished part of the region’s landscape for years. Known for their resilience and charm, these iconic animals are now facing an uncertain future, raising concerns among conservationists and local communities alike.

The Issue at Hand

Recently, there have been significant challenges emerging that threaten the existence of these beloved wild burros.
Welcome to The Connected Ideas Project
Authors: Titus Alexander
Published: December 2024

Welcome to

The Connected Ideas Project

! Or as I’ll more often refer to it,

TCIP

. This is an expansion of the Co-Evolution newsletter that you’ve been following along with for a while.

Co-Evolution: Tech, Policy, and Our Lives

will carry on as usual, with new editions coming out every Tuesday.
The Double-Edged Helix
Authors: Titus Alexander
Published: December 2024

Imagine standing on the shores of Prince William Sound, Alaska, where the Exxon Valdez oil spill once unleashed 11 million gallons of crude oil into the ocean. The waves crash gently against the rocky beach, but beneath the surface, a quieter revolution is happening. Microbes — some engineered, some naturally adapted — are cleaning up what humans couldn’t. This is bioremediation in action, where biotechnology meets environmental stewardship.
Relations between flexible work arrangements and employee performance in Serbian companies
Authors: Gašić Dimitrije , Berber Nemanja , Slavić Agneš , Bjekić Radmila , Aleksić Marko
Published: December 2024

Flexible work arrangements (FWAs) represent a crucial phenomenon of today's digital society, where companies face various internal and external challenges that compel them to analyse and implement different forms of flexible work arrangements. These arrangements help companies to overcome challenges and positively influence employees' attitudes and behaviours. Employee performance refers to behaviour related to the efficiency and quality of task execution, including creativity, efficiency, productivity, accuracy, and overall contribution to company goals. High employee performance (EP) often results in a better business outcome, innovation, and competitive advantage for the company. This study investigates the relationship between flexible work arrangements and employee performance in companies from Serbia, utilizing a sample of 582 employees. The SmartPLS program was used for the analysis, employing the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) method. The results indicate a positive direct effect of flexible work arrangements on employee performance. This finding underscores the significance of implementing flexible work policies to enhance productivity and overall performance in the workplace. The implications for management and policymakers are discussed, highlighting the potential benefits of adopting flexible work arrangements in the Serbian business context.
The role of IT projects within the strategy: How effectively do we use them?
Authors: Szabó Károly , Szabó László
Published: December 2024

It is a general trend that the role of projects is increasingly appreciated in the life of individual organizations. We have come to the point in the last decade where certain organizations use this method for their entire operation, while large companies implement their priority developments only with project management methods. The project management knowledge is becoming progressively essential also in the case of smaller businesses nowadays as they come into contact with projects through their partners or their own experiences. Although the methodology is constantly spreading and growing, so far, there have been just a few scientific results about where IT projects are located in the organization's goal-system and how they are related to the corporate or organizational strategy. Accordingly, the basic goals of the IT projects will be examined in the framework of the current research, and the questions about that, are these goals related to the corporate strategy and how effective are the individual companies using their IT projects?
Srpski zvuci: Serbian Sounds, rhapsodies for piano by Jovan Paču: Presenting the sheet music edition and CD
Authors: Kokanović-Marković Marijana
Published: December 2024

The life journey of the medical doctor and musician Jovan Paču (1847-1902) brought together the various branches of his prolific and richly creative personality , providing him with a prominent place in the history of Serbian 19th-century music. Although his primary vocation was medicine, he had also acquired education in music from early childhood, also working, during his active creative period, as a composer, pianist, music teacher, and writer. This first printed edition of Paču's piano rhapsodies titled Srpski zvuci (Serbian Sounds) comprises eight of his 12 rhapsodies, which are kept in manuscript form at the Archive of the Institute of Musicology at the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Belgrade. The edition also comprises a CD with recordings of the same works rendered by our renowned pianists and piano teachers (Dušan Trbojević, Zorica Dimitrijević Stošić, Dubravka Jovičić, and Mirjana Šuica Babić).
Application of artificial neural network in the modeling and optimization of volatile acid from anaerobic digestion of biomass
Authors: Noohi Ali
Published: December 2024

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and Brute Force algorithms (BF) are two of the most common and simplest techniques for modeling non-linear problems and linear search for an element. Very large data sets are actually compiled and fed into the ANN. An algorithm is run that iteratively makes billions of small adjustments to the weights and biases of millions of nodes. In this paper pilot-scale fermentation tests are carried out with mixtures of sewage sludge and food residues to investigate different process parameters that influence fermentation yields. A machine learning approach is used for data management and the development of a model capable of correlating process performance based on different inputs (operating parameters). To simulate the digester operation and estimate the Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) outputs, a multi-layer ANN model with two hidden layers is developed. The ANN and BF are used to simulate and optimize the VFA from anaerobic digestion.
The Unexpected Emancipation of Miss Sloper: Character Arc and Father-Daughter Dynamics in Henry James’ "Washington Square"
Authors: Vega Ochoa Rodrigo
Published: December 2024

Henry James’ novel Washington Square (1881) revolves around the power struggle between wealthy Dr. Sloper and his daughter Catherine, a shy, sensitive young woman accustomed to following her father’s orders without offering resistance. The discord that breaks the status quo stems from Catherine’s choice of a suitor whom her father deems a fortune hunter. This article explores Catherine’s personality and character arc as she unexpectedly evolves from dependence to self-reliance, and that of Dr. Sloper, a man who sees his biased assumptions about his daughter shattered. Influenced by the gender prejudices that pervade their social milieu, the unhealthy dynamics of their bond are progressively revealed. Besides, their actions and choices result in a series of ironic outcomes culminating with Catherine’s resolve to reject her suitor, a paradoxical conclusion that she could not have possibly reached had she not rebelled against her father’s command in the first place.
Reseña de "La noche es un pájaro azul. Antología de la última poesía española", de José Antonio Llera (ed.)
Authors: Simón Ruiz Víctor
Published: December 2024

Reseña de:
Llera, José Antonio, ed.: La noche es un pájaro azul. Antología de la última poesía española, Boo de Piélagos (Cantabria), Libros del aire, 2023, ISBN: 978-84-127661-1-0, 481 pp.
James Douglas and the History of Chocolate
Authors: De la Cruz Cabanillas Isabel
Published: December 2024

James Douglas, a prominent Scottish physician, is renowned for his anatomical discoveries, particularly the pouch of Douglas. Beyond anatomy, Douglas made significant contributions to botany, including a monograph on the history of chocolate, now housed in the Glasgow University Library. His interest in chocolate, alongside other plants, reflects his broad scientific curiosity. Manuscript Hunter 560, meticulously detailed and hitherto unexplored, offers valuable insights into the cultural and scientific perspectives on chocolate in the eighteenth century. The aim of this article is, therefore, to present the contents of James Douglas’s The History of Chocolate and to vindicate his figure as a botanist and multifaceted man in the field of the eighteenth-century science.
La conceptualización calviniana de la ciudad en "Marcovaldo ovvero, Le stagioni in città": estudio de caso
Authors: Gracia Palomo Esther
Published: December 2024

En el presente artículo, nos adentraremos en la figura y obra de Italo Calvino, figura que revolucionó los paradigmas de la literatura universal del siglo xx. Iniciaremos nuestro recorrido con una exploración por medio de la biografía y la trayectoria intelectual del autor, con el propósito de indagar y entrelazar sus ideas en torno a la noción de ciudad. Posteriormente, pasaremos al punto culminante y aspecto central de esta investigación, donde nos detendremos a observar y, posteriormente, analizar la representación de la ciudad en una de las creaciones más emblemáticas del autor: Marcovaldo, ovvero Le stagioni in città (1963).
The Influence of Training in EFL Teachers’ Beliefs and Attitudes Towards Pronunciation Instruction in Secondary Schools in Spain
Authors: Quesada Vázquez Leticia
Published: December 2024

EFL students in Spain are expected to have a good pronunciation when they finish secondary education. However, many times practitioners avoid teaching it. This study aims at investigating how training in general phonetics/phonology and pronunciation teaching affects EFL teachers’ beliefs and attitudes towards pronunciation instruction in secondary schools in Spain. Thirty-eight teachers took an online survey from May to October 2023. A mixed-method analysis was conducted: first, three different linear mixed models were run to examine eleven different teachers’ beliefs rated on a 7-point Likert scale; second, teachers’ opinions on the instruction of different pronunciation features were examined with percentages. Results reveal that those teachers who have received training show a more positive attitude, especially when having received training in pronunciation teaching. Besides, intonation stands as the most important feature to teach. These findings suggest that pronunciation should have a more prominent role within teaching professional development.
Routine and adaptive experts: Individual characteristics and their impact on multidigit arithmetic strategy flexibility and mathematics achievement
Authors: Jóelsdóttir Lóa Björk , Sunde Pernille Bødtker , Sunde Peter , Andrews Paul
Published: December 2024

Motivated by a curriculum privileging number-based strategies but national tests highlighting students’ reliance on standard algorithms, this study analyses 2,216 Danish Grade 3, 6 and 8 students’ solutions to various multidigit arithmetic tasks, each designed to elicit shortcut strategies, against background variables including sex, ethnicity and familial socio-economic status (SES), and outcomes including strategy flexibility, and national tests for both mathematics and reading. Students offering multiple solutions to a task were defined as flexible, while arithmetic experts (defined by accuracy) were distinguished by their use of shortcut strategies; routine experts never used them, while adaptive experts used them in at least one third of all tasks. With respect to mathematics achievement, experts scored 0.86 SD-units higher than non-experts, and within the former, adaptive experts scored 0.49 SD-units higher than routine experts. With respect to reading, experts achieved 0.57 SD-units higher than non-experts, while adaptive experts achieved 0.19 SD-units higher than routine experts. Boys were significantly more adaptive and flexible than girls. The proportion of experts increased from Grade 3 to Grade 8, whereas the proportion of adaptive experts increased from Grade 3 to 6 but then remained constant. Familial SES was significantly higher for experts than for non-experts but not for adaptive experts in relation to routine. Neither quarter of birth nor the existence of older siblings influenced any outcomes, although the proportion of experts was higher for children with Western backgrounds than for children with non-western background. The results suggest a relationship between adaptive expertise, strategy flexibility, and achievement.
Editorial "Revista PerCursos, volume 25, 2024"
Authors: Valdati Jairo
Published: December 2024

Editorial "Revista PerCursos, volume 25, 2024"
Praktik Sewa Menyewa Stand Pasar Malam di Desa Pemangkat Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Fetiparolin Fetiparolin , Hutagaluh Oskar , Munawir
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini dilatari oleh praktik sewa menyewa stand pasar malam di Desa Pemangkat yang menarik untuk dikaji sebab adanya perbedaan harga sewa yang signifikan antara penyewa lokal dan penyewa dari luar desa. Penelitian ini mengkaji praktik sewa-menyewa dengan fokus pada akad, mekanisme, dan tinjauan hukum Islam.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan sosiologi hukum empiris, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi langsung dan wawancara mendalam terhadap pihak-pihak terkait. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif untuk memperoleh pemahaman komprehensif tentang praktik sewa-menyewa tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akad sewa-menyewa dilakukan secara lisan tanpa perjanjian tertulis, dengan penetapan harga yang berbeda berdasarkan asal penyewa. Penyewa dari Desa Pemangkat dikenakan biaya Rp500.000 per bulan, sementara penyewa dari luar desa dikenakan Rp900.000 hingga Rp1.000.000 per bulan. Pembayaran dapat dilakukan secara cicilan dengan ketentuan harus lunas dalam satu bulan. Ditinjau dari perspektif hukum Islam, praktik sewa-menyewa stand pasar malam di Desa Pemangkat masih memerlukan perbaikan untuk memenuhi prinsip-prinsip muamalah dalam Islam, terutama dalam hal transparansi akad, keadilan harga, dan pemanfaatan fasilitas umum.
Pembinaan di Rumah Qur’an Desa Durian Sambas dalam Membentuk Karakter Religius pada Anak
Authors: Putriani Neny , Suhari Suhari , Muspian Muspian
Published: December 2024

Pembinaan karakter religius dalam penelitian ini yaitu suatu proses membantu mengembangkan karakter anak-anak dengan bernuansa Islami atau berakhlak yang baik melalui metode menghafal Alquran. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena pembinaan akhlak terhadap anak tidak hanya didapatkan dari lembaga formal saja, akan tetapi diperlukan juga lembaga nonformal salah satunya yakni Rumah Qur’an. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apa saja metode pembinaan di Rumah Qur’an dalam membentuk karakter religius di Desa Durian Sambas, serta bagaimana cara pembinaan yang dilakukan di Rumah Qur’an di Desa Durian Sambas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa cara pembinaan yang dilakukan ialah: sebagai fasilitator, sebagai pendamping, dan sebagai motivator.
Investigation on Acoustic and Thermal Properties of Powdered Granular Mask (PGM) Reinforced Green Epoxy Composites
Authors: Jeyaguru Sangilimuthukumar , Pulikkalparambil Harikrishnan , Kumar Thiagamani Senthil Muthu , Chan Choon Kit , Subramanian Jeyanthi
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the acoustic and thermal properties of powdered granular mask (PGM) reinforced green epoxy (GE) composites, with PGM contents of 30 vol.%, 40 vol.%, and 50 vol.%. The aim is to develop sustainable, high-performance materials with enhanced insulation properties. Among the samples, S4 (PGM/50 vol.% GE) exhibited the highest Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) of 0.30, demonstrating excellent acoustic shielding. Increasing the GE content improved the Transmission Loss (TL) by densifying the composite structure, significantly enhancing sound attenuation. In the high-frequency range, S2 (PGM/30 vol.% GE), S3 (PGM/40 vol.% GE), and S4 recorded TL peaks of 39.3 dB, 43.5 dB, and 44.9 dB at 1372 Hz, 1552 Hz, and 1544 Hz, respectively, confirming improved acoustic performance with higher PGM content. Thermal stability also increased with higher GE content, with S4 showing the highest decomposition inflection temperature of 472°C, indicating enhanced heat resistance. The novelty of this work lies in the dual functional benefits of PGM/GE composites, which offer both superior acoustic insulation and thermal stability. These properties make the composites ideal for aircraft flooring systems, particularly in areas such as cockpits and passenger cabins, where both sound insulation and thermal control are critical. The findings underscore the potential of PGM/GE composites for sustainable, high-performance applications requiring both acoustic and thermal management.
Pharmaceutical Analytics: Methods of Analysis of Medicinal Products and their Quality Control
Authors: Borysiuk Iryna , Dvulit Iryna , Katruk Leonid
Published: December 2024

The importance of evaluating the quality of medicinal products is determined by their impact on public health, therefore there are many analytical methods for controlling the chemical composition and bioequivalence of medicines. Falsification of medicines and determining the composition of generics also remain a serious problem, therefore the search and systematization of modern methods of identifying the quality of medicines and methods of combating illegal medicines are relevant and timely. The purpose of the study is to determine effective methods of assessing the quality of medicines and methods of combating falsified medicines, which would meet the country’s demands in conditions of war and economic crisis. The research used methods of analysis, synthesis, systematization, statistical comparison of groups using Student’s t-test, survey and generalization of results. The obtained results revealed alternative methods of quality control of medicinal products in the conditions of economic and war crisis. We identified the prospect of introducing drug marking and assisting pharmaceutical manufacturers and distributors in drug marking. A low level of awareness of the population regarding the methods of assessing the quality of medicinal products and the algorithm of actions in case of detection of low-quality medicinal products was revealed. Among the doctors, there was also an insufficient level of knowledge regarding the assessment of the quality of medicines, which requires the introduction of training of doctors in this field and educational work among the population.
CHARACTERISTICS OF NODULAR PHOSPHORITES OF KARAKALPAKSTAN AND THEIR PROCESSING INTO GRANULAR SIMPLE SUPERPHOSPHATE
Authors: Kurbaniyazov Rashid K. , Khudoyberdiev Jaloldin H. , Reymov Akhmed M. , Namazov Shafoat S. , Radjapov Ruzmat , Seytnazarov Atanazar R.
Published: December 2024

In conditions of deficit of phosphate fertilisers it is necessary to involve low-grade phosphate rock into agricultural production, and yolk phosphate rock can serve as an example. The difference of yolk phosphorite from other types of phosphate raw materials is that firstly: it contains a large amount of quartz, and secondly: the phosphate mineral in it is represented by kurskite; thirdly, in yolk phosphorite - kurskite relative content of assimilable form of P2O5 is 35-40%. The sieve analysis of Porlytau jelly phosphate flour showed that the coarseness class (-5+3)-(-2+1) mm accounts for half of the amount of phosmucus (48.73%). Meanwhile, the coarseness class (-0.5+0.25)-(-0.25+0.16) mm also has the highest amount of phosmucus (30.65%). The results showed that the raw material had the following parameters: P - 6.45%, O -46.21%, C - 8.08%, Si - 10.05%, Fe -1.92%, Al - 1.30%, K - 0.85%, Mg - 0.22%, Ca - 18.61%, F - 3.20%, S - 0.49%. The mineral composition of raw materials contains 45.62% kurskite, 2.79% gypsum, 2.86% magnesite, 5.24% feldspar, 2.41% limonite, 38.77% quartz and others The rate of sulphuric acid for obtaining simple superphosphate was calculated. Raw materials were treated with 93 % sulphuric acid depending on its rate and concentration at the temperature of 70 °C for 30 min. It is shown that by the content of free H3PO4, the products at the rates of 90 and 100% do not meet the requirements of agriculture. And at concentrations of sulphuric acid 68 and 80% the granulation of superphosphate mass is not provided, at them liquefied and smearing masses are formed. And at concentration of 93% a doughy easily movable mass is formed, quite suitable for granulation in a screw mixer. Under the optimum activation condition (75% rate and 93% concentration of H2SO4) the product contains P2O5free. - 2.49; P2O5total - 12.43%; P2O5accer : P2O5total = 93.72%; P2O5water. : P2O5total = 62.51%. The water-soluble form of P2O5 gives the content of monocalcium phosphate and partially free H3PO4 in the product. The digestible form of P2O5 means the presence of dicalcium phosphate. The relative content of the digestible form of P2O5 less than 100% indicates that a certain amount of undecomposed but activated phosphate mineral remains in the product. The product contains a large amount of calcium sulphate di- and semi-hydrate.
For citation:
Kurbaniyazov R.K., Khudoyberdiev J.H., Reymov A.M., Namazov Sh.S., Radjapov R., Seytnazarov A.R. Characteristics of nodular phosphorites of karakalpakstan and their processing into granular simple superphosphate. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 1. P. 109-119. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256801.7007.
FEATURES OF ALCOHOLYSIS OF FATTY ACID METHYL ESTERS BY TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE
Authors: Kozeeva Ilona S. , Voronov Mikhail S. , Sapunov Valentin N. , Kozlovskiy Roman A. , Yakubov Kamil S. , Petrova Vlada E.
Published: December 2024

This study analyses the kinetic relationships involved in the transesterification of trimethylolpropane (TMP) and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) derived from vegetable oil to produce biodegradable lubricating oils, based on scientific literature. The work presents the most favourable conditions for the process. In the classical vision of the transesterification process between polyhydric alcohol and methyl esters of fatty acids, a number of inaccuracies have been identified based on theoretical concepts. It is argued that the mechanism of classical sequential parallel reversible processes in the synthesis of mono-, di-, and tri-substituted derivatives of trimethylolpropane and methyl esters of fatty acids can be complemented by certain features. Trimethylolpropane monoester is believed to act as an acyl group carrier, forming the corresponding trimethylolpropane di- and triesters. Additionally, intermolecular interactions expand the classical mechanism of series-parallel reactions. It is suggested that intermolecular interactions between metabolites of 'classical' reactions are possible. In this case, it is difficult to identify these reactions in the overall process as no additional products are formed. The reaction mechanism scheme involving trimethylolpropane monoester showed that the reaction is endergonic and non-spontaneous, indicating that the entire transesterification process is endergonic. Additionally, the work demonstrates the correlation between the likely spatial configuration of trimethylolpropane, its intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and the Gibbs energies data obtained from literature. The paper presents the overall reaction schemes of the process and the structure of trimethylolpropene anions. It also illustrates a plausible scenario for the interaction of intermediate products, while indicating potential intermediates in all reactions.
Для цитирования:
Козеева И.С., Воронов М.С., Сапунов В.Н., Козловский Р.А., Якубов К.Ш., Петрова В.Э. Особенности алкоголиза метиловых эфиров жирных кислот триметилолпропаном. Изв. вузов. Химия и хим. технология. 2025. Т. 68. Вып. 1. С. 31-38. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256801.7095.
SYNTHESIS AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MATERIALS BASED ON IRON(III) AND COBALT(II) COMPOUNDS
Authors: Karaseva Anastasia A. , Diallo Amadou , Filippov Dmitry V. , Vashurin Artur S.
Published: December 2024

Zeolite-like frame materials based on 2-ethylimidazolate of cobalt (II), iron (III) terephthalate and cobalt (II) terephthalate were synthesized using the direct mixing method and the solvothermic method. The obtained materials are characterized using a wide range of physico-chemical analysis methods. IR spectroscopy allowed us to obtain reliable conclusions about the formation of a metal-linker bond, which confirms the formation of coordination bonds in the organometallic framework for all synthesized samples. The formation of a pure phase of synthesized frame structures was established, which was recorded using the method of X-ray phase analysis. Characteristic peaks in the range from 8° to 32°, were observed on the X-ray images of all samples, the relative intensity and local location of which prove the formation of the pure phase of the corresponding ethylimidazolates and terephthalates. The study of the morphology of the materials showed that the samples are quite highly dispersed heterogeneous systems. The average particle size for a material based on 2-ethylmidazolate of cobalt (II) was 0.5-1 µm. Materials obtained by direct mixing are characterized by a spherical particle shape, while samples obtained by the solvothermic method are characterized by a cubic particle shape. For materials based on iron (III) and cobalt (II) terephthalates, the average particle size was 0.15-0.25 μm. The individual particles have the shape of a prism truncated on both sides. The parameters of the porous structure of the synthesized samples were found by the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The specific surface area (according to the BET method) and the pore volume are calculated for all materials. The specific surface area for different samples varies from 520 to 1100 m2/g. A sufficiently wide range of surface areas is due to the varying degree of aggregation when the ligand/metal ratio changes during synthesis. The results of physico-chemical studies of the structural and surface characteristics of synthesized samples confirm the fundamental possibility of their use as sorbents, in particular for the extraction of rare earth metal ions.
For citation:
Karaseva A.A., Diallo A., Filippov D.V., Vashurin A.S. Synthesis and morphological features of materials based on iron (III) and cobalt (II) compounds. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 1. P. 77-84. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256801.7101.
INFLUENCE OF FIBROUS FILLER ON THE MECHANISM AND KINETIC REGULARITIES OF CRYSTALLIZATION OF BASALT CONTAINING PLASTICS BASED ON POLYPROPYLENE RANDOM COPOLYMER
Authors: Kakhramanov Najaf T. , Nuraliyeva Gunay H. , Martynova Galina S. , Kakhramanly Yunis N. , Gadzhieva Reyhan Sh.
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the results of a study of the influence of fibrous basalt content on the regularity of composites crystallization based on polypropylene random copolymer. The studies were carried out using the method of stepwise dilatometry in the temperature range 20 – 210 °C. The dependence of the specific volume on temperature and filler content was studied, as a result of which the values of the temperature of the first-order phase transition, the glass transition temperature and the occupied specific volume were determined. An approximate estimate of the glass transition temperature of the composites was determined graphically by extrapolating the upper branch of the dilatometric curve to the intersection with the lower branch. It was possible to establish that as the basalt content increases up to 30 wt. %, a natural decrease in the specific volume or an increase in the density of the composites is observed. The regularity of free specific volume change from temperature was studied. It was shown that with the increase in fibrous basalt content, there is a regular decrease in free specific volume. The established regularity clearly indicates that in the process of crystallization and growth of crystalline formations, the filler is forced out into the interspherolitic amorphous space, which is characterized by a high content of free volume. A decrease in the value of free specific volume indicates that the filler fills the unoccupied volume in the amorphous space. In accordance with the Kolmogorov-Avrami equation, the kinetic regularity of crystallization of composites under isothermal conditions was studied, and the values of the generalized nucleation and growth constant of crystals K and the constant n were determined. It was found that with an increase in the content of fibrous basalt in the composition of random polypropylene, a change in the crystallization mechanism and the type of growth of crystalline structures is observed from three-dimensional spherulitic to one-dimensional - rod-shaped with the continuous formation of heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation centers.
For citation:
Kakhramanov N.T., Nuraliyeva G.H., Martynova G.S., Kakhramanly Yu.N., Gadzhieva R.Sh. Influence of fibrous filler on the mechanism and kinetic regularities of crystallization of basalt containing plastics based on polypropylene random copolymer. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 1. P. 85-92. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256801.7102.
ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR AND ACTIVITY OF MESO - TETRAKIS(1`-METHYL-PYRID-4- AND 3-YL)PORPHIN SALTS AND COBALT COMPLEXES
Authors: Berezina Nadezhda M. , Bazanov Mikhail I. , Berezina Galina R. , Lubimova Tatyana V. , Semeikin Aleksandr S.
Published: December 2024

In this work 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1`-methyl-pyrid-4- and -3-yl)porphin tetratosylates and tetraiodide [H2(1`-methyl-Py-4- and -3)4P]4+ (Х-)4, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1’-methyl-pyrid-4- and -3-yl)porphin tetratosylates cobalt [Сo-tetrakis(1`-methyl-Py-4- and -3)4P]4+ (Ts-)4 have been synthesized and characterized. These compounds were differed by the isomerism of the meso-substituent of the porphyrin molecule and the nature of the counterion (Ts-, I-). The data of the redox-behavior and efficiency of the use of porphyrin compounds in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have been obtained. The electrochemical behavior has been studied by using the cycling voltammetry method. It should be noted that two stages of the electroreduction process were observed in an argon medium for ligands. For the cobalt complexes additional processes was found. The process of the porphyrin macrocycle electroreduction in the potential region of -0.78 ... -1.36 V and the Co3+↔Co2+, oxidation (reduction) process localized on the metal atom at Еred/ox= 0.19 V were found. The N-substitution of the pyridyl fragment of porphyrins leads to a small increase in their reducing ability, in comparison with unsubstituted tetrapyridylporphyrins [H2(Py-4- and -3)4P]. The possibility of using water-soluble porphyrins in the ORR electrocatalysis has been considered. It has been shown that the nature of the metal cation has a significant effect on the electrocatalytic activity of compounds in the molecular oxygen ionization reaction of in an aqueous-alkaline media. The activity of Сo-complexes was increased by ~ 50-90 mV compared with ligands and a system without a catalyst at ~ 140-160 mV.
For citation:
Berezina N.M., Bazanov M.I., Berezina G.R., Lubimova T.V., Semeikin A.S. Electrochemical behavior and activity of meso - tetrakis (1`-methyl-pyrid-4- and 3-yl)porphin salts and cobalt complexes. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 2. P. 62-69. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256802.7129.
SYNTHESIS AND SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF PHTHALOCYANINES WITH 2,3,5-TRIMETHYLPHENOXY AND NITRO GROUPS
Authors: Demidova Ekaterina I. , Znoyko Serafima A. , Molchanov Evgeny E. , Maizlish Vladimir E. , Petrov Oleg A.
Published: December 2024

Phthalonitrile containing a 2,3,5-trimethylphenol fragment and a nitro group at the periphery was synthesized on the basis of 4-bromo-5-nitrophthalonitrile. Tetrakis-2,9,16,24-(2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy)tetrakis-3,10,17,25-nitrophthalocyanine and its metallocomplexes with zinc and magnesium were synthesized on its basis by the "nitrile" method. The latter was used to obtain the corresponding phthalocyanine - ligand. All synthesized compounds were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, elemental analysis, 1H NMR, infrared spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF spectrometry. Spectral-luminescent properties, as well as acid-base properties of the phthalocyanine - ligand, were studied for phthalocyanines. It was found that the compounds under consideration are thermally stable up to 300 °C. When studying the electronic absorption spectra, it was found that the nature of the complexing metal has virtually no effect on the position of the Q bands of the synthesized compounds in DMF and chloroform. The transition to pyridine is accompanied by a strong hypsochromic shift of the Q bands of the synthesized metal phthalocyanines, and the spectra of solutions in concentrated sulfuric acid are characterized by a bathochromic shift of the Q bands of all the compounds considered by more than 100 nm. All the phthalocyanines considered in this work have luminescent properties. It is noted that the introduction of nitro groups into the molecule of mixed-substituted zinc phthalocyanine with trimethylphenoxy and nitro groups sharply increases the Stokes shift while maintaining the quantum yield, i.e. without losing the luminescence efficiency. The quantum yield depends on the nature of the complexing metal and decreases in the series: ZnPc > MgPc > H2Pc. Electronic absorption spectra of Tetrakis-2,9,16,23-(2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy)tetrakis-3,10,17,24-nitrophthalocyanine in basic solvents (pyridine, DMF, DMSO) contain a single unsplit Q-band. In addition, this compound exhibits the properties of a dibasic NH-acid and forms a stable proton-transfer complex that loses its kinetic stability upon addition of n-butylamine.
For citation:
Demidova E.I., Znoyko S.A., Molchanov E.E., Maizlish V.E., Petrov O.A. Synthesis and spectral properties of phthalocyanines with 2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy and nitro groups. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 2. P. 52-61. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256802.7160.
Innovative Contributions of Georgian Composer Nodar Mamisashvili within the Realm of Ecomusicology
Authors:   Vano Sarajisvili Tbilisi State Conservatoire, Tbilisi, Georgia, Chabashvil Eka , Virsaladze Maka Maya ,   Vano Sarajisvili Tbilisi State Conservatoire, Tbilisi, Georgia
Published: December 2024

Since the close of the previous century, global awareness of the detrimental
impact of human activities on the environment and the Earth has escalated. Consequently,
there has been a heightened interest in a variety of research endeavours
focusing on the harmonious coexistence of humanity and the environment. One such
area of investigation that has gained attention is the intersection of sounds and the
environment, leading to the emergence of an interdisciplinary scientific field known
as ecomusicology since the year 2000.
This article delves into the methodological approaches and key issues within
the realm of ecomusicology, providing a concise overview of the field. Since 2023,
researchers and composers from the Tbilisi State Conservatory, namely Eka Chabashvili,
Maka (Maya) Virsaladze, Alexander Chokhonelidze, and Jony Asitashvili,
have been actively engaged in fundamental research titled “Implementation of Ecomusicology
Research Methodology for the Study of the Georgian Music Ecosystem”
[FR-22-8174]. The project is being conducted with the support of the Shota Rustaveli
National Science Foundation of Georgia.
One of the primary objectives of the article is to uncover the principles that preceded
the establishment of ecomusicology within the context of Georgian music. The
teachings of Georgian composer, scientist, and thinker Nodar Mamisashvili serve as
an illustrative example in this regard. The article highlights Mamisashvili’s role in
founding the Sound Ecology Center during the 1990s, akin to contemporary ecomusicology centres around the world. It explores Mamisashvili’s conceptualization of
the restoration and casting of Georgian church bells, emphasizing that, for him, the
bells were not merely elements of the sonic landscape but embodied the notion of
unity with the ecosystem. His inspiration drew from Georgia’s culture, history, and
ancient rituals.
Within the framework of holistic thinking, the article provides a brief overview
of Nodar Mamisashvili’s sound field theory, the three-phase composition musical
system, and the resultant acoustic event known as “Holophony.” Mamisashvili’s vast
scientific interests and knowledge encompassed diverse fields such as physics, medicine,
metallurgy, and mining-engineering technology.
The article underscores Nodar Mamisashvili’s significant contribution to laying
the groundwork for the integration of ecomusicology, asserting that his theories,
research, and inventions will play a pivotal role in advancing ecomusicology in Georgia.
David and Nodar Andguladze – a Bridge between Georgian Vocal School and Italian “Bel canto”
Authors:   Vano Sarajisvili Tbilisi State Conservatoire, Tbilisi, Georgia, Kemoklidze Ketevan
Published: December 2024

David and Nodar Andguladzes stand as revered pillars in the annals of Georgian
opera, leaving an indelible mark through their exceptional performances, educational
initiatives, and groundbreaking research. Their life’s work is a testament to a profound
commitment to harmonizing Georgian traditional singing heritage with the European
(Italian) opera school, all while incorporating the visionary principles of stage
dramaturgy reformer Stanislavski and the ethos of the Georgian National Theater.
This article serves as a pioneering exploration into the joint performing and pedagogical-
scientific endeavours of the Andguladzes, offering valuable insights into
not only the history of Georgian opera but also the broader cultural tapestry of Georgia.
By examining their creative and pedagogical-scientific contributions, the article
acknowledges the Andguladzes’ unparalleled singing abilities, exemplary vocal
techniques, and remarkable stage presence. Moreover, it sheds light on their pivotal
role as creators of the Georgian vocal school, a legacy cherished domestically and
internationally for over a century.
Of particular significance is our emphasis on the familial continuity of the Andguladzes’
principles, with descendants perpetuating the school’s ethos in contemporary
practice, harmoniously blending tradition with modernity. By surveying the
Andguladzes’ merits in the context of Georgian opera music, this article underscores
their enduring contribution to the development of future generations and their profound
influence on the trajectory of Georgian cultural history. This scientific study is an
essential resource for scholars, practitioners, and enthusiasts seeking a deeper understanding
of the Andguladzes’ legacy and its enduring impact on the world of opera.
Ideological and Political Aspects of the Early Rule of the Bagratid Dynasty (9th and 10th Centuries)
Authors:   Faculty of History, University of Warsaw, Poland, Kolbaia Mariam
Published: December 2024

The article reviews the political ideology of the royal Bagratid dynasty, which
established the foundation of its power in Tao-Klarjet‛i. The Georgian Bagratids created
an ideological program that traced their origins back to the prophet and king
of Israel, David. Based on analyzed sources, it is possible to infer how the Bagratid
ideology was presented and how it justified their legitimacy. Due to the competition
for power among many local aristocratic dynasties, a specific ideological program
had to play an important role in defining and legitimizing royal rule.
The ideological reinforcement of the dynasty’s supremacy was of great significance,
hence the theory of biblical descent justified the dynasty’s claims to supremacy.
Attention should be drawn to the crucial issue of the title ‘King of K‛art‛velians,’
which was introduced in 888 by ruler Adarnase II. This new title played an important
role in the history of the principality during the rivalry between other local kingdoms.
Adarnase II was the first ruler in Tao-Klarjet‛i who, in the ninth century , introduced
the ancient title ‘King of K‛art‛velians,’ thus referring to the long tradition of the
kingdom of K‛art‛li (Iberia).
From Sepharad to the world: The heritage lives on
Authors: Rózsavári Nóra
Published: December 2024

Ladino holds a vital place in Sephardic identity and cultural heritage, embodying the legacy of the descendants of Spanish-speaking Jews who were exiled from the Iberian Peninsula in 1492. This language is not simply a linguistic blend; it is a unique fusion of Old Spanish with elements of Hebrew, Arabic, Turkish, Greek, Italian, French, and other languages, reflecting the diverse regions and cultures Sephardic Jews encountered over centuries. Ladino developed and thrived in Sephardic communities across a wide geography, including the Balkans, North Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean, and eventually the Americas, adapting to each locale while retaining its foundational Spanish roots. As a living repository of Sephardic history and values, Ladino has served as a vehicle for storytelling, poetry, music, religious expression, and daily communication, embodyingboth resilience and continuity. However, as the number of native speakers has diminished, Ladino is now classified as an endangered language. Recognizing its cultural and historical significance, numerous initiatives today are devoted to its preservation and revitalization. Scholars, cultural organizations, and community members are working together to document the language, produce new literature, teach it to younger generations, and promote its use in digital media. These efforts aim to ensure that Ladino continues to be an enduring part of Sephardic culture.