bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Travail et loisir
Authors: Welten Ruud
Published: October 2021

In this contribution, the relationship between work and leisure is investigated from a phenomenological viewpoint. The insights of Michel Henry and his interpretations of the work of Karl Marx are prominent. Marx makes a distinction between objective and subjective work. It is especially the second sphere, on which Henry elaborates his phenomenology of the living body, as experience of life itself. Work is the mode of pathos. After this introduction, the question of the phenomenology of leisure is being posed. The phenomenological zero-point of leisure is the night, in which we sleep. The invisibility in the night is the starting point to reveal the essence of leisure. The phenomenological mode of night, rest, is sleep. Further, in this line, the problem of vacation, time spending on not-working as obsession is of importance for our society today. From the point of view of henriana phenomenology, some notable conclusion can be formulated.
La percepción como interpretación
Authors: Martín Javier San
Published: October 2021

Mi ponencia trata de contribuir a una fenomenología de la percepción, desde la discusión de las posturas sobre la percepción que aparecen en la reciente obra de Lester Embree sobre el método fenomenológico. Desde el convencimiento y asentimiento a la llamada de Lester Embree, de que debemos volver a las cosas mismas, por tanto, dejamos de la erudición para alumbrar fenomenología de las cosas, no podemos tampoco desentendemos de lo que dicen nuestros maestros, y pretendo, con ellos, ir a las cosas, para ver en qué medida la percepción como acceso al mundo es un “acto” en el que intervienen la experiencia directa sensible animal y la aportación lingüística que clasifica el mundo, sin por ello convertir la percepción en lenguaje. En el primer punto plantearé la importancia que el tema tiene en la fenomenología sobre todo por el planteamiento husserliana en las Ideas I. En el segundo veremos la postura de Lester Embree, para, en el tercero, exponer lo que yo creo que está implícito en la propuesta de Husserl, que explicita la percepción como el acceso ponente a la realidad, por tanto radicalmente vinculada a la creencia, de manera que, fenomenológicamente, percepción, creencia y realidad están vinculadas, siendo está vinculación el marco en el que sitúa el comienzo de la legitimidad racional.
Derrida et le Temps Husserlien
Authors: Giovannangeli Daniel
Published: October 2021

The author examines the several phases of Derrida’s interpretation of Husserl phenomenology of time consciousness. The main issue is a–non-husserlian–thesis about the deferred action of primordial impression, always intermingled with retention, allowing a of Husserl’s metaphysics of presence, and an approximation with Freud’s views about the Nachträglichkeit structure of psychic life. Consequently, the author stresses that Freud will allow, despite Husserl’s explicit assertions, a completion of phenomenology beyond the limits Husserl imposes on it (and on himself) as he remains dominated by the assumption of the absolute priority of primordial impression over retention.
Sobre los Límites del Lenguaje y las Limitaciones de la fenomenologia
Authors: Quijano Antonio Zirion
Published: October 2021

Taking as a point of departure José Gaos’ claim, most likely directed to Phenomenology, that every true philosophy should produce a theory of what is sayable and what is unsayable, I try to circumscribe; from Phenomenology, and specifically from Husserl’s analysis of linguistic expression in Ideas I, an essential unsayability ( or ineffability), as a precise limit of language. This limit is brought about by the generality of expression. After a brief historical review, and a exposition of José Vasconcelos’ idea of an “inverted epojé’; as a way to avoid the generalizations of language, the limit between the sayable and the unsayable is found in the distinction between the noematic nucleus of an act and its full noema, which supports its individuality. As a corollary of this exposition, it is shown that what is ineffable is life itself, as it is concretely lived. On this basis, it is proposed a phenomenological critique of language, according to which a of language must be supported by a phenomenológy of life in its ineffable plenitude.
Test Method for Determining the Chemical Emissions of a Marine Diesel Engine Exhaust in Operation
Authors: Korczewski Zbigniew
Published: October 2021

The article briefly describes the problem of air pollution caused by sea-going ships and the resulting restrictions on the emission of toxic and harmful chemical compounds in the exhaust of marine engines, introduced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) under the International Convention for the Prevention of Sea Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78). Such emissions provide a significant metrological problem, not only for the owners of operating sea-going ships, but also for shipyards, maritime administration offices and environmental protection inspectors. For this reason, the article’s author is developing research issues related to the diagnosing the exhaust emissions of marine engines under operating conditions, i.e. with limited control (measurement) susceptibility. This is particularly important in the period of intensive implementation of a new category of marine fuel, so-called modified fuels with low sulphur content. As part of the problem, a computational model of the parameters characterising the exhaust emissions of a marine engine in operation is presented in this article. This model is based on the measurement of the engine’s control parameters, using a standard (stationary) measurement system and a portable diagnostic system, configured for the purpose of this research. Presented here are representative measurements and calculation results (both obtained by the author and provided by the manufacturer) from the chemical exhaust gas emissivity of one of the ship engines operated. These confirm the adequacy of the calculation model developed and the diagnostic effectiveness of the measuring equipment applied. The methodology developed for experimental testing may also be implemented for the operation of other types of marine engines, provided that the basic chemical composition of the fuel supply and the engine load characteristics and hourly fuel consumption are known. Moreover, there is the possibility of indicating the cylinders and measuring the chemical composition of exhaust gases in the high-temperature part of the exhaust duct.
Use of UIoT for Offshore Surveys Through Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Sanchez Pedro Jose Bernalte , Márquez Fausto Pedro García , Govindara Shashank , But Alexandru , Sportich Benjamin , Marini Simone , Jantara Valter , Papaelias Mayorkinos
Published: October 2021

The ENDURUNS project is a European Research project of the Horizon 2020 framework, which has as its main objective to achieve the optimum and intelligent use of green hydrogen energy for long-term ocean surveys. The ENDURUNS system comprises an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) and an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) with gliding capability. The power pack of the USV integrates Li-ion batteries with photovoltaic panels, whilst the AUV employs Li-ion batteries and a hydrogen fuel cell. It is essential to develop a continuous monitoring ca-pability for the different systems of the vehicles. Data transmission between the devices onboard presents challenges due to the volume and structure of the different datasets. A telecommunications network has been designed to manage the operational components considered in the project. The autonomous vehicles perform measurements, providing their position and other data wirelessly. The system will generate a great volume of various signals during the survey. The Remote Control Centre needs to be interfaced with the vehicles in order to receive, manage and store the acquired data. An Underwater Internet of Things (IoT) platform is designed to establish efficient and smart data management. This study presents an exhaustive survey to analyse the telecommunication systems employed in the autonomous vehicles, including the back-end, user interface and mobile units. This paper presents the novel design of the hardware and software structure of the ENDURUNS project with regard to the literature, where its components and their in-terconnection layers are detailed, which is a novel scientific and technological approach for autonomous seabed surveying in deep oceans or in coastal areas.
Participation of professional community in examination of textbooks and educational publications used in the secondary vocational education system implementation
Authors: Алексеева В.В. , Мушаков А.А. , Павлов Е.А. , Ратникова И.П. , Соболева М.Л. , Демина С.А.
Published: October 2021

Цифровая экономика диктует новые образовательные тренды, делая акцент на практическую подготовку в образовательном процессе. Развитие профессионального мастерства обучающихся в системе среднего профессионального образования невозможно без интегрированного участия научно-педагогического сообщества и представителей бизнес-среды. Данное участие предполагает корректировку содержательной части учебных изданий в соответствии с текущими и перспективными запросами общества и народнохозяйственного комплекса государства. Целью написания данной статьи является обоснование важности привлечения к рецензированию учебных материалов компетентных и авторитетных представителей профессионального сообщества для того, чтобы отобрать наиболее качественную учебную литературу, отвечающую требованиям современных образовательных технологий и практико-ориентированных целей подготовки специалистов в системе среднего профессионального образования (СПО). Основные методы исследования: аналитический обзор, сравнение, методы анализа и синтеза, статистического анализа. Проведенное исследование показало, что существует необходимость разработки механизмов взаимодействия представителей образовательной сферы СПО и профессионального сообщества, в частности работодателей, по вопросам проведения экспертизы учебников и учебных изданий, с целью повышения качества практической подготовки обучающихся в системе СПО.

Digital economics is driven by new educational trends focusing on practical training in the educational process. The development of students’ professional skill in the secondary vocational education system is impossible without integrated participation of scientific and pedagogic community and representatives of business. This participation contemplates adjustment of the educational publications scope in accordance with the current and prospective demands of the society and the national economy of the state. This article is aimed at substantiation of importance to involve competent and respective professional community representatives for the educational materials review in order to select the most proficient educational literature consistent with the modern educational technologies and practice-oriented goals of the specialists’ training in the secondary vocational education system. Principal research methods: analytical survey, comparison, methods of analysis, synthesis, and statistical analysis. The research held showed the necessity to elaborate the mechanisms for interaction of educational representatives of the secondary vocational education system and professional community, in particular, employers, on the issues relating the textbooks and educational publications examination to improve practical efficiency of students in the secondary vocational education system.
Formulation, Evaluation of Physical Properties, Anti-Cholesterol Activity from Ficus carica L. Leaves Extract Tablet
Authors: Kurniawan Muhammad Fariez , Audita Mia
Published: October 2021

Figs knew playing vital roles in reducing cholesterol, strengthening the heart, and controlling respiration. Figs leaves extract with a dose of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg can reduce triglyceride levels and can increase HDL cholesterol levels. This study aims to determine the effect of Ficus carica L. (fig) leaves extract on tablet dosage forms to reducing total cholesterol in rats induced with pork fat feed. Tablets were made by the wet granulation method in three formulas, there are F1 (extract dose 50 mg), F2 (extract dose 100 mg), and F3 (extract dose 150 mg), and compared with simvastatin tablets. The rats used in this study were 40 animals which were divided into 8 groups. Negative control group (induced of pork oil), F1 group, F2 group, F3 group, F4 group (placebo), positive control group (simvastatin 10 mg), base suspending agent group, and normal group.The average weight (mg) of F1 tablets (605.96 ± 9.94%), F2 (611.81 ± 12.33%), and F3 (639.09 ± 4.65%). As for the uniformity of size, all formulas have a diameter of 0.9 ± 0.0 (cm). for the hardness values of F1 (6.54 kg), F2 (5.31 kg), and F3 (5.43 kg). The value of friability F1 (0.8%), F2 (1.38%), and F3 (0.77%). While the disintegration time of F1 (13.31 minutes), F2 (19.48 minutes), and F3 (21.11 minutes). Whereas the dissolution rate (DE45) of each formulation decreased with increasing dose of extract, F1 (69.43%), F2 (64.95%), and F3 (60.04%). Extract contain quercetin as flavonoid, saponin, polyphenol, alkaloid, and tannin. Based on the results of statistical analysis, extract tablets did not differ significantly from simvastatin tablets in reducing total cholesterol levels. Tablet formulation of fig leaves extract with a dose variant has been shown to reduce total cholesterol in the blood between 18.3% until 37.98%.
Üniversite Yerleşkelerinde Erişilebilirlik Değerlendirmesi: Düzce Üniversitesi Kampüsü Örneği
Authors: ÖZKARACA Nuray , İNCEOGLU Mehmet
Published: October 2021

Erişilebilirlik, yapılı çevrede herkes için eşit koşulların sağlanması için gerekli bir ön koşuldur. İçinde yaşadığımız iç mekânlardan dış mekânlara, yapılı çevrenin genellikle ortalama bireyler göz önünde bulundurularak tasarlanması erişilebilirlik sorunlarına neden olmaktadır. Yapılı çevrede herkes için eşit koşulların sağlanması şüphesiz ki erişilebilirliğin sağlanmasıyla gerçekleşmektedir. Bu doğrultuda herkes için eğitim hakkının sağlanması da yapılı çevrenin erişilebilir olmasıyla doğrudan ilişkilidir. Eğitim alanları özellikle de üniversite yerleşkeleri kullanıcı çeşitliğini oluşturan tüm bireyler için bütün alanların ve unsurların erişilebilir ve kullanılabilir olması son derece önemlidir. Üniversite yerleşkelerinde, herkes için erişilebilirlik, evrensel tasarım/kapsayıcı tasarım veya herkes için tasarım gibi kavramlar son yıllarda yerleşke planlamada dikkate alınmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Düzce Üniversitesi Konuralp yerleşkesinin engelli kullanıcılar için mevcut erişilebilirlik durumu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen tespitler sonucunda kampüs alanındaki erişilebilirlik sorunlarının neler olduğu ortaya konularak erişilebilirlik haritası oluşturulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın ilgili alanda mevcut erişilebilirlik sorunların tespiti konusunda bir kaynak oluşturma ve üniversite yerleşkelerinde bu şekilde yapılacak çalışmalar ile eğitim alanlarında evrensel erişilebilirlik anlayışının oluşturulmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Çalışmanın nihai amacı ise erişilebilirlik olanaklarını ortaya koymak ve bu doğrultuda erişilebilirlik haritası oluşturmaktır.
SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses: innovative approaches of advanced characterization based on large machines of physics
Authors: ROGANTE Massimo , LEBEDEV Vasily T. , ROGANTE Lorenzo , BRUNELLO Giulia , RUSTICHELLI Franco , ZAVAN Barbara
Published: October 2021

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen responsible for the rapidly growing outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is causing widespread concerns and fear, due to its extremely high contagiousness and the potential risk
of developing pneumonia. Global research efforts have been devoted to investigating the molecular mechanism of virus pathogenesis, in order to develop effective drugs or vaccines to tackle the on-going pandemic. Several experiments
related to SARS-CoV-2 proteins or for testing potential drugs for the treatment of viral infections are currently being carried out. In the present review, innovative approaches for advanced characterization based on large machines
of physics, making use of Synchrotron radiation and Neutron beams, are discussed.
Effect of Feed Combination of Avocado (Persea americana M.) and Pumpkin Seed (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) on Villi Height and Goblet Cell Number of Goblet Fish (Osphronemus gourami Lac.)
Authors: Halimatussakdiah Halimatussakdiah , Safrida Safrida , Muhibbuddin Muhibbuddin
Published: October 2021

In Indonesia, there are several types of freshwater fish that the community has cultivated. Besides having high nutritional value, Freshwater fish also have high economic value for trading, such as gourami. One of the obstacles in the cultivation of freshwater fish is the price of feed. This research is oriented towards alternative feeds to reduce production costs by utilizing avocado seeds and pumpkin seeds. This study aimed to determine the effect of feeding a combination of avocado seeds and pumpkin seeds on the histopathology of gourami. This study used a non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) method with four treatments and six replications P0, P1, P2, and P3. P0 (Control feed/pellet), P1 (Feed 40 grams of avocado seeds + 40 grams of pumpkin seeds + 20 grams of mixed ingredients), P2 (Feed of 20 grams of avocado seeds + 60 grams of pumpkin seeds + 20 grams of mixed ingredients) and P3 ( Feed 60 grams of avocado seeds + 20 grams of pumpkin seeds + 20 grams of mixed ingredients). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Advanced Test with a significant level of 5%. The results showed that the P2 treatment could increase the villi height and the number of Goblet cells in the intestines of gourami fish. It can be concluded that the combination of avocado seeds and pumpkin seeds has a significant effect on the histopathological picture of the digestive organs of gourami
Development of E-learning Module based on Multiple Representation Integrated with GeoGebra
Authors: Sari Rizki Hananan , Halim A. , Yusrizal Yusrizal
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this research is to know the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of e-learning modules based on multiple representations integrated with Geogebra at students of class X semester two at Aceh Seulimuem Senior High School no 1. This study uses Research and Development Method with the ADDIE model. The result for feasibility is very feasible to use with the average validation assessment in the amount of 82.95%. At the same time, the practicality from students responses got average percentage is 87.80 % classified within the very practical criteria. The effectiveness shows from the Mann Whitney U test shows that there is a difference in the average value of pre-test and post-test participants learners, which can be summarized that the module is effective to be applied.
Science Student Teachers’ Independence as New Adaptation of Distance in Basic Biology Practicums
Authors: Parmin Parmin , Savitri Erna Noor , Rahayu Endah Fitriani
Published: October 2021

The education process for science student teachers in Indonesia must continue, even in a pandemic situation with an unclear end. The research aims to find the most appropriate science practicum method during the Covid-19 pandemic for science student teachers. The method used in this research is mix-methods. The research design chosen by the researcher is the Pre-Experimental One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Participants in this study were 140 science student teachers who did distance practicum on basic biology practicum courses. Basic biology practicum is a practicum course that practices biological science, including respiration, photosynthesis, nutrient content of food, and pollutant testing. Based on gender, the participants were 62 male students and 78 female students. The value of N-Gain d > 0.58 (moderate effect) means that practicum activities can be continued as a practicum solution during the pandemic. Student activities during a practicum at home apply new adaptations different from a practicum in the laboratory. Independence in preparing materials and tools, preparing worksheets, simplifying materials, and modifying tools is a new way for students. The study concludes that a new practicum method that utilizes the environment potential is a solution in the implementation of science practicums as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The environment can be explored to find resources that can be used as practicum materials and the manufacture of basic biology practicum tools.
Alternating Directions Implicit Method for Solving Homogeneous Heat Diffusion Equation
Authors: Mahmood Bushra Sh. , Gaftan Awni M. , Fawzi Firas A.
Published: October 2021

An Alternating Directions Implicit method is presented to solve the homogeneous heat diffusion equation when the governing equation is a bi-harmonic equation (X) based on Alternative Direction Implicit (ADI). Numerical results are compared with other results obtained by other numerical (explicit and implicit) methods. We apply these methods it two examples (X): the first one, we apply explicit when the temperature .
Why motor imagery isn’t really motoric: Towards a reconceptualization in terms of effect-based action control.
Authors: Bach Patric , Frank Cornelia , Kunde Wilfried
Published: October 2021

Motor imagery in effect-based approaches to action control
A Machine-Learning-Based Approach for Detecting Item Preknowledge in Computerized Adaptive Testing
Authors: Pan Yiqin , Sinharay Sandip , Livne Oren , Wollack James
Published: October 2021

Item compromise and preknowledge have become common concerns in educational testing (Wollack & Schoenig, 2018). We propose a machine learning approach to simultaneously detect compromised items and examinees with item preknowledge in computerized adaptive testing. The suggested approach provides a confidence score that represents the confidence that the detection result truly corresponds to item preknowledge and draws on ideas in ensemble learning (Sagi & Rokach, 2018), conducting multiple detections independently on subsets of the data and then combining the results. Each detection first classifies a set of responses as aberrant using a self- training algorithm (Zhu & Goldberg, 2009) and support vector machine (Suykens & Vandewalle, 1999), and identifies suspicious examinees and items based on the classification result. The confidence score is adapted, using the autoencoder algorithm (Goodfellow, Bengio, & Courville, 2016), from the confidence score that Pan and Wollack (2022) suggested for non-adaptive tests. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed approach performs well in item preknowledge detection and the confidence score can provide helpful information for practitioners.
INTEGRATED IPA MODULE BASED ON GUIDED INQUIRY ON MATERIALS FOOD ADDITIVES TO INCREASE LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Siregar Tiurlina , Patimah Siti
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the feasibility of developing an integrated science module and student learning outcomes using an integrated science module based on guided inquiry on food additives. Research Methods Research and Development. The research sample was carried out in class VIII B of SMP Negeri 1 Sentani with a total of 30 students. The results showed that the feasibility of an integrated science module based on guided inquiry on food additives in the category of very suitable for use as teaching materials and improving student learning outcomes with the n-Gain test obtained an average of 0.74 in the high category.
The Effects of Punctuality, Quality of Financial Statements, And The Effectiveness of Financial Statement Information on The Improvement of Company Financial Statement Performance
Authors: NAZ SITEPU BAHRUM , Kurniati Endang , Nasution Mardiah Hasanah , Dani Rahmad
Published: October 2021

Companies require a short time in creating their financial statements reporting their financial conditions to the public, stakeholders, and investors. In 2019-2020, 80 companies did not publish their financial statements. This phenomenon affected the effectiveness and the financial statement performance and the overall company performance. As a result, the financial statement performance was not good, and the number of investors' trusts in responding to the financial statements of 80 issuers in the stock market decreased. The declining investors' trust was caused by the low effectiveness and quality of the financial statements of 80 companies listed on the IDX. Therefore, the IDX demanded the 80 issuers repair their financial statements based on the actual conditions. This research employed a descriptive quantitative method through multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 20. The population of this study involved 100 users of financial statements in several Indonesian companies. Meanwhile, the samples of 100 users were taken using the census method distributing a questionnaire directly to the samples via email. Based on the partial and simultaneous hypothesis tests, the data analysis results showed that the punctuality, the quality of financial statements, and the effectiveness of the financial statement information had a positive and significant effect on the companies' financial statement performance.
Medida del desempeño de los países participantes en los XX juegos Centroamericanos y del Caribe
Authors: Quesada-Ibargüen Victor Manuel , Vergara-Smalbach Juan Carlos , Villa-Caro Gabriel
Published: October 2021

El evento deportivo “Juegos Centroamericanos y del Caribe” JCAC, en su versión número XX, convocó, en Cartagena de Indias (Colombia), a treinta y dos países del área, los cuales compitieron en múltiples disciplinas, siendo Cuba el que logró ubicarse en el primer puesto de la medallería, seguido por Méjico, Venezuela y Colombia.En este trabajo se establece el desempeño logrado por los países participantes en los XX JCAC, apartándonos del análisis de la tradicional clasificación simple por medallas ganadas, e involucrando a cambio, variables que se consideran determinantes del desempeño deportivo de las naciones, como su producto interior, el tamaño de su población y el número de deportistas por país, usando la metodología del Análisis Envolvente de Datos, DEA (por sus siglas en inglés).Los resultados muestran que muy pocos de los países que por el número de medallas ganadas ocupan el puestos de privilegio, lo conservan si se mira su desempeño bajo el enfoque del DEA.Palabras Clave: Evento deportivo, eficiencia, DMU, DEA.
La inflación en la lente de dos potenciales economistas
Authors: Torres Roberto Carlos , Ruidaz-Polo Lauriano
Published: October 2021

L a inflación es, hoy por hoy, una de las variables más conflictivas a la hora de diseñar una política económica efectiva. Estos conflictos se generan porque la inflación está ligada a otras variables tales como: empleo, crecimiento económico y equilibrio externo, entre otras.Se cree entonces, por ejemplo, que mayores niveles de empleo y de crecimiento económico deben darse a una tasa de inflación mayor. Lo anterior, no necesariamente resulta cierto porque, como intentaremos mostrar más adelante, la inflación no es más que una falla de mercado.Comencemos por recordar algunos principios de economía los cuales nos ayudarán a comprender mejor esta situación.-El precio de un bien o servicio debe estar dado por lo que al sistema económico le cuesta producirlo; de esta forma, una vivienda debe costar más que una camisa.-La productividad del trabajo determina los salarios.-El dinero es una representación de riqueza (dada en bienes y servicios) y no una riqueza en sí.-La sociedad produce lo demandado efectivamente.Una vez citados estos principios continuemos analizando qué es lo que sucede en la economía cuando se produce inflación. Un fenómeno inflacionario se evidencia en un aumento del nivel general de precios de la economía.
Consideraciones proyecto de la ley 074 del 2000 (Nuevo peso o nueva unidad monetaria)
Authors: Padilla-Velasco Agusto César
Published: October 2021

El documento presenta una mirada analítica del proyecto de ley 074 del año 2000 que se aprobó en plenaria del senado en segundo debate, el cual dará nacimiento a la nueva unidad monetaria que transitoriamente se denominará "nuevo peso".Con la aprobación final de la ley, prevista para la segunda legislatura, se obtendrá la eliminación de los tres ceros, por ejemplo $1.000 se convertirá en un nuevo peso, $ 10.000 en $ 10 nuevos pesos, $ 20.000 en $ 20 nuevos pesos y así sucesivamente hasta el billete de más alta denominación. Así mismo, en el billete y moneda de baja denominación, $ 500 equivaldrían a 50 centavos, $ 200 en 20 centavos, $ 100 en 10 centavos. Los símbolos de la nueva moneda serán nuevos centavos. Siendo el objetivo principal simplificar el manejo de cantidades de dinero y facilitar las transacciones económicas.
A proposed model for disclosing the role of the collective intelligence system in improving joint auditing
Authors: Hassan Khaled Fa'iq , Al-Taie Bushra Fadil
Published: October 2021

This research aims to present a proposed model for disclosure and documentation when performing the audit according to the joint audit method by using the questions and principles of the collective intelligence system, which leads to improving and enhancing the efficiency of the joint audit, and thus enhancing the confidence of the parties concerned in the outputs of the audit process. As the research problem can be formulated through the following question: “Does the proposed model for disclosure of the role of the collective intelligence system contribute to improving joint auditing?”   

The proposed model is designed for the disclosure of joint auditing and the role of collective intelligence in improving it to achieve integration between the auditor’s report on the one hand and the joint audit information on the other hand, by disclosing the joint audit information in the explanations complementing the audit report that should be available in the current audit file of the economic unit in question. Auditing, by merging the questions of the collective intelligence system (who, what, how, why) with the indicators of the quality of the audit, and the research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is unified documentation of the joint audit work in the audit office as it is permissible to use the collective intelligence system—documenting the work carried out by members of his team independently of the other office. As for the most important recommendations, they were represented in need to adopt the proposed model for using collective intelligence to improve the quality of joint auditing performance, which aims to provide a mechanism for disclosure and documentation of joint auditing
The role of Iraqi trade policies in stimulating productive sectors to grow for the period (2003-2019) (an analytical study in light of the Malaysian experience)
Authors: Rahim Salam Sami , Ali Sabah Nema
Published: October 2021

This paper deals with analyzing the influencing role of trade policies in growth and development of productive economic sectors and their contribution to GDP and its reflection on the level of manpower employment. Studies have proven the success of the Malaysian experience in stimulating the productive economic sectors to grow and their contribution to the gross domestic product with an increase in the growth of local markets and access to international markets for national products. This study sheds the light on  the ineffectiveness of Iraqi trade policies after 2003 in stimulating the productive economic sectors (agricultural and industrial) on economic growth, as most of the increase in Iraqi GDP growth throughout the study period was due to the increase in the oil sector’s contribution because of higher oil prices and increased production. Other sectors had no role in these increases, which made the Iraqi economy dependent on the outside world and importer of external economic crises. The recommendations included drawing up an economic plan under which productive sectors would be stimulated to grow and increase their contribution to the Iraqi GDP, reduce dependence on oil to finance public expenditures, reform the tax system, and call for partnership with the private sector and create appropriate conditions for it and attract foreign direct investment for the development of the Iraqi economy.   The necessity for the government to adopt trade policies that are suitable to the reality of the Iraqi economy and the imbalances that exist in the economic sectors, and to exploit the trade deficit with some countries to develop an agreement to improve trade exchange with them leads  to develop some national industries
The Dependence of Ancient Greek Geometry and Metaphysics on Craft-Culture
Authors: Thibodeau Philip
Published: October 2021

A discussion of Robert Hahn’s The Metaphysics of the Pythagorean Theorem: Thales, Pythagoras, Engineering, Diagrams, and the Construction of the Cosmos out of Right Triangles. Published Online (2021-04-30)Copyright © 2021 by Philip Thibodeau Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/aestimatio/article/view/37624/28620 Corresponding Author: Philip Thibodeau,Brooklyn CollegeE-Mail: pthibodeau@brooklyn.cuny.edu
Understanding the Science of Other Cultures
Authors: Keyser Paul T.
Published: October 2021

A discussion of Science in the Forest, Science in the Past edited by Geoffrey Lloyd and Aparecida Vilaça. Published Online (2021-04-30)Copyright © 2021 by Paul T. Keyser Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/aestimatio/article/view/37629/28623 Corresponding Author: Paul T. Keyser,New York, NY E-Mail: paul.t.keyser.dr.dr@gmail.com
Elimination of Gas Porosity and Interpass Joining Problems by Surface Treatments in Welding of Thick Section 5083 Series Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Altuncu Ekrem , Türkmen Enis , Kabakcı Oğulcan
Published: October 2021

Alüminyum alaşımları havacılık, uzay, savunma ve otomotiv endüstrisinde konstrüksiyonlarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Alüminyum alaşımlarının kaynağında sıkça karşılaşılan problemlerin başında gaz boşlukları, çatlak ve çarpılmalardır. Farklı boyut, form ve yoğunlukta gaz porozitesi olması durumunda kaynak bölgesinden arzulanan mukavemet elde edilememektedir. Alüminyum alaşımlarınn yüzeyinde kendiliğinden oluşan oksit tabakası kaynak kabiliyetini kontrol etmekte ve zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu nedenle kaynak işlemi öncesi yüzey işlemler (kimyasal ve mekanik) önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada farklı kalınlıklarda 5083 (Al-Mg alaşımı) alaşımı plakaların kaynağı öncesinde uygulanan yüzey işlemler sonucunda kaynak kontrolü ve muayenesi tahribatsız yöntemler ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Test sonuçları karşılaştırmalı olarak tartışılmakta ve irdelenmektedir.
Problematika Mutasi Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Kota Bima
Authors: Munir Munir , Nasrullah Nasrullah , Aziz Sukirman , Adnan Adnan
Published: October 2021

Pemerintah Kota Bima melakukan perombakan Kabinet tanggal 15 Mei 2019. Jumlah Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) yang dimutasi sebanyak 303 orang. Mutasi terbesar sepanjang sejarah Kota Bima, Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaturan dan hambatan mutasi PNS di Kota Bima. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris, dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konsep (conceptual approach) dan pendekatan sosiologis.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Bahwa Mutasi yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kota Bima tidak sesuai dengan amanat Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 yang menganut mutasi dengan system merit dan PP Nomor 11 Tahnu 2017 tentang Manajemen PNS. Penempatan pejabat tidak sesuai dengan keahliannya hal ini disebabkan kuat faktor politik untuk menempatkan pejabat sesuai dengan keingin kepala daerah bukan karena kebutuhannya. Sistim tidak berdaya akibat kuatnya intervensi kepala daerah pada saat mutasi. Ketiga adalah Pejabat Pembina kepegawaian melakukan demosi kepada ASN Kota Bima yang tidak memiliki kesalahan secara yuridis formald dalam pelaksaan tugasnya. Hal ini justru bertentangan dengan semangat reformasi birokrasi di Kota Bima.
Viral Enfeksiyonlar ile Mücadelede En Hızlı Silahlardan Biri: Antiserum/Plazma Tedavisi
Authors: KOÇ Bahattin Taylan , DİKER Kadir Serdar
Published: October 2021

SARS-CoV-2’nin neden olduğu COVID-19 pandemisi, bulunduğumuz zaman diliminde hızla dünya popülasyonu arasında yayılmaya devam etmektedir. 2020 yılı ve 2021 yılı başlarında ortaya çıkan yeni mutant ve varyantlar virusa karşı mücadelede handikaplar yaratmaktadır. Özellikle akut enfekte olan bireylerde tedavi için acil olarak kullanılan ilaçların tam olarak standardize edilememesi bilim dünyasını bu salgın ve gelecekteki salgınlar için arayışlara yöneltmiştir. Bu araştırmalarda tarihte elde edilen kanıtlara ve verilere dayalı olarak bazı uygulamalar ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu uygulamalardan en çok bilineni ve tarihte hemen her virus salgınında acil olarak tedavide kullanılan yöntem “antiserum” ya da “konvelesan plazma tedavisi”dir. Bu tedavi biçiminde amaç; iyileşen hastanın serum/plazmasında bulunan nötralizan antikorlar hasta olan bireye verilerek virusun nötralize edilmesini sağlamaktır. Antiserum ve konvelesan plazma tedavisinin transfüzyonel bazlı olup bireye ve/veya ürüne bağlı bazı yan etkilerinin ortaya çıkabilme ihtimali ve nötralizan antikor içeriği bakımından serumun standardize edilememe gibi majör sorunları mevcuttur. Bu yüzden COVID-19 salgınında bilim insanları daha spesifik olarak SARS-CoV-2’ye karşı monoklonal antikor üreterek ve yan etkileri mümkün olduğunca minimize ederek hedefe kilitlenen bir tedavi yöntemi geliştirmeyi hedeflemişlerdir. Elde edilen monoklonal antikorlar farklı farklı olabilmektedir. Bu monoklonal antikorların belli oranda karıştırılarak hastaya verilmesine “antikor kokteyli” tedavisi denir.
Geleneksel yöntem antiserum-plazma tedavisi başta olmak üzere antikor bazlı yeni nesil ilaçlar geçmişteki salgınlarda ve COVID-19 pandemisinde kullanımları, elde edilen sonuçlar bu makalede derlenmiştir.
Peng-Robinson Cubic Equation of State Based on Key Group Contribution and Calculation of Nitrogen Gas Solubility in MMA Dimer
Authors: Abdul Aleem Seeni Mohamed  , Zi Ern Chong  , Andrea Jia Xin Lai  , Tomoya Tsuji  , Wen Chun Siaw  , Lian See Tan  , Ragunath Bharath  , Taka-aki Hoshina
Published: October 2021

Previously authors have reported facts that nitrogen (N2) and oxygen solubilities in styrene is the same as those in benzene and divinylbenzene at 303 K. Though the three compounds have an atomic composition, (CH)n (n=6, 8 and 10), the gas solubilities are thought to depend on the number of aromatic carbons in the solution. Then, authors named it ‘a key group in solubility’. In this research, the key group was investigated for N2 solubility in methyl methacrylate (MMA) and its dimer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Therefore, the calculations were carried out by Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state based on group contribution methods. The experimental data employed were those of Lai et al., where N2 solubility are reported in MMA at 303 K. The N2 solubility in EGDMA was assumed to be double of that in MMA at 303 K, because EGDMA has two MMA units in the molecule. Two types of group contribution methods were proposed to calculate N2 solubility in EGDMA. One was for the critical temperature and pressure proposed by Joback and Reid. Using these properties, the attractive and excluded volume parameters in PR equation were evaluated for EGDMA. Other was similar to a method proposed by Orbey and Sandler. The excluded volume parameter in PR equation can be evaluated from those of MMA by multiplying the number of repeating units, and the attractive by multiplying the squared number. Instead of the method, the powers were proposed to be 3/4 and 3/2 for the excluded volume and attractive perimeters, respectively. The powers were come from a scaling theory by de Gennes. The binary parameter for N2 – EGDMA was also set to k12 = 0.224, which was the same as that for N2 –MMA. The calculated N2 solubility in EGDMA was far smaller than the hypothetical N2 solubility in EGDMA at 303 K. Otherwise, to reproduce the hypothetical N2 solubility, a quite different value, k12 = -0.044, was necessary for the method by Joback and Reid. The results suggested that a key group for gas solubility will not be accepted in MMA.
Refuse Derived Fuel for Energy Recovery by Thermal Processes. A Case Study in Depok City, Indonesia
Authors: Ariyanti Sarwono  , Iva Yenis Septiariva  , Fatimah Dinan Qonitan  , Nurulbaiti Listyendah Zahra  , Mega Mutiara Sari  , Eva Nur Fauziah  , Novi Kartika Sari  , Kuntum Khoiro Ummatin  , Qurrotin Ayunina Maulida Okta Arifianti  , Niswatun Faria  , Jun Wei Lim  , I Wayan Koko Suryawan
Published: October 2021

The number of words should not exceed 350. Depok City is one of Indonesia's big cities, which is currently focused on processing waste-to-energy. This research was conducted to study and describe waste management in Depok City to become renewable energy. Secondary data from the Depok City local government's inventory was used to determine the generation and composition of municipal solid waste (MSW). The waste's characterization was taken from the material recovery facility of Depok City, located at Jalan Merdeka. The amount of waste generated in Depok City is predicted to reach 681.612 tons/year by 2025. The significant waste composition items were food waste, garden waste, textiles, paper, and plastics. The result shows that the potential heating value for the waste was 35.04 MJ/kg Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) at a temperature range of 30-800 ° C showed only 1.39% leftover food, but mass decline at 30-110 ° C occurred quite slowly due to high air content. The optimum combustion temperature for paper, plastic, and garden waste are 317-430°C, 404.5-447.15°C, and 251.78-479.9°C, respectively. The total heating value obtained was equivalent to the electrical energy of 6635.2 GWh/year in 2025. A 1-tailed ANOVA analysis with a significance of 90% parameters of water content, carbon (C) composition, hydrogen composition (H), and oxygen composition (O) presented significances of 0.090; 0.005; 0.003; and 0.037, respectively.
GELENEKSEL TÜRK DOKUMA VE İŞLEME SANATINDA KULLANILAN BAZI ARAÇ VE GEREÇLERİN TÜRK MODERN RESSAMLAR TARAFINDAN ÇALIŞILMASI
Authors: POLAT Cavit , KAPLAN M. Akif , ÇEKEN Kübra Şahin , GÜMÜŞ Abdullah
Published: October 2021

The art of weaving and embroidery is one of the important traditional arts with a long history in Anatolia. The art of embroidery, in which patience and elegance is embroidered, and its centuries-old history, which is a kind of silent message of the society, has been the subject of many fields. One of these areas is Turkish painting art. It is seen that traditional arts of weaving and embroidery were studied by a few painters as a subject in the modernization process of Turkish painting. Modern Turkish artists have portrayed these issues in two different approaches, such as naturalist and cubist-constructivist. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the ways in which some traditional tools and tools such as looms, tenter, kirmen, kirkit were used in embroidery and weaving with traditional approaches from the eyes of artists such as Malik Aksel, Turgut Zaim, Nurullah Berk, Maide Arel who created quite original paintings in the works of modern Turkish painters.
Priorité de la liberté et écologie
Authors: Degiovanni Cécile
Published: October 2021

La prééminence que le libéralisme accorde aux libertés individuelles apparaît parfois comme un obstacle à la mise en œuvre de politiques environnementales contraignantes. Chez Rawls, cette prééminence s’incarne dans le principe de priorité de la liberté : on ne peut restreindre une des libertés de base qu’au nom de la liberté – et donc pas, semble-t-il, pour protéger l’environnement. Il est ici montré que ce principe, retouché à la suite d’une critique de Herbert L. A. Hart, autorise et même exige plus de politiques écologiques qu’il n’y paraît. En outre, deux modestes aménagements internes de la théorie permettent d’en autoriser et exiger plus encore : considérer un environnement de qualité comme un bien premier, et un droit à un environnement de qualité comme une liberté de base.
Stratégies de localisation des entreprises commerciales et industrielles
Authors: Peeters Dominique , Thisse Jacques-François , Thomas Isabelle
Published: October 2021

Résumé Les choix de localisation de services publics font surgir deux problèmes d’arbitrage importants. D’une part, on souhaite trouver un équilibre entre les coûts d’installation et de fonctionnement des équipements à mettre en place et les coûts d’accès des usagers à ces mêmes équipements. D’autre part, il faut parvenir à un compromis entre la recherche d’une plus grande efficacité dans l’organisation géographique des services et celle d’une meilleure équité entre les usagers dans l’accès à ces services. Dans cet article, on propose une approche de cette problématique basée sur l’utilisation de modèles de recherche opérationnels. Le choix de ces modèles est basé sur la nature du service en question, les contraintes qui lui sont inhérentes et la manière d’exprimer les problèmes d’arbitrage évoqués plus haut. L’approche est illustrée par une synthèse de deux études, l’une portant sur la localisation d’un bureau postal à Louvain-la-Neuve, l’autre sur les services de luttes contre l’incendie dans la province de Luxembourg.
Stratégies de localisation des entreprises commerciales et industrielles
Authors: Baudry Marc
Published: October 2021

Résumé Nombre de collectivités locales cherchent aujourd’hui à mettre en commun certaines activités de service public, ou pouvant être contrôlées par les pouvoirs publics, et à l’origine de pollutions. L’argument généralement avancé est celui d’un partage de coûts fixes. Ce travail vise à montrer que de tels regroupements d’activités polluantes ne trouvent pas leur raison d’être uniquement dans cette recherche d’économie d’échelle mais peuvent aussi être la résultante d’une gestion spatiale optimale de la pollution. Dans ce but, un modèle simplifié, intégrant la notion d’espace et la diffusion de la pollution au sein de cet espace, est développé. Il est alors montré que, d’un point de vue collectif, l’existence de dommages marginaux de pollution croissants justifie une dispersion maximale des sites de production mais que la localisation exacte de ces sites est dictée par la recherche de coûts de fourniture minimums. Il est également mis en évidence que la taille socialement optimale des zones à approvisionner par chaque site doit être telle que la somme des coûts et dommages moyens subis par habitant d’une zone soit égale à la somme des coûts et dommages marginaux associés à l’extension de la zone. Cette règle ne conduit à une taille des zones à approvisionner non nulle et non infinie qu’à condition qu’existent simultanément des coûts fixes de production et des coûts marginaux de production et fourniture croissants ou des dommages marginaux de pollution croissants. Dans ce dernier cas, la centralisation optimale de la production dépend de la pollution et n’est plus un phénomène exclusive¬ment lié à la technologie.
Stratégies de localisation des entreprises commerciales et industrielles
Authors: Baudewyns Didier
Published: October 2021

Résumé Sur base d’un échantillon de 105 firmes, ce chapitre analyse la localisation intra-urbaine des firmes dans le cas particulier de Bruxelles. Dans une première partie, nous effectuons une analyse de statistique descriptive qui montre que les firmes citent les infrastructures de transport comme déterminant principal de leur localisation. Ce premier résultat est ensuite confirmé par une étude probabiliste de type logit conditionnel . Les variables d’infrastructure de transport (distance à un nœud de transport), d’économies d’agglomération et le type d’activité contribuent significativement à l’explication des nouvelles localisations sur les différents sites urbains de l’enquête.