bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
«STAND IN SPLENDOR OF YOUR GLORY, PETROZAVODSK!»: POEMS OF T. V. BALANDIN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN POETIC TRADITION OF THE 18TH CENTURY
Authors:   Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrov Alexander Mikhailovich
Published: August 2023

The article deals with the way classical literary masterpieces are perceived by a provincial amateur poet. The research is based on the poems by the local history expert Tikhon Balandin (circa 1748–1830) from Petrozavodsk. The possible sources of Balandin’s poetry are outlined. The author suggests that the basis for the images and meter of Balandin’s poems are syllabic-accentual odes by M. V. Lomonosov and the works of the poets of the 17th century where the presyllabic principle of versification was used.
«ETERNAL DARKNESS» BY SEBASTIAN BACH: ATONEMENT OR PUNISHMENT? (CONCERNING THE ORIGINS OF THE IDEA OF V. F. ODOEVSKY’S NOVELLA SEBASTIAN BACH)
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Parshukova Nadezhda Alekseievna , Romanova Elena Alekseievna ,   Independent Researcher
Published: August 2023

The article reinterprets the main idea of V. F. Odoevsky’s novella Sebastian Bach, the fi nal one in the cycle House of Madmen, a project the writer worked on during the 1830s. Later, the stories from this cycle were incorporated into the novel Russian Nights. As a part of the new project, they were edited by the author to meet his current goals. This later edition is generally used by researchers when analyzing the stories about the «genius madmen». The purpose of the article is to return to the author’s original idea and offer a new rendition of the image of Sebastian Bach, as based on the early text (1835).
Factors influencing variable symptoms of COVID-19 patients and proposed revision of public policy for COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pash Ti
Published: August 2023

The uncertainty of the symptoms in those who are SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) positive is an issue that should be discussed in order to reconsider a comprehensive way to deal with this virus outbreak. For the time being, controversy regarding the necessity to vaccinate still exists in the public and might be a significant impact on the global economy and safety of human beings. This article proposes that a variety of cellular molecules (viral receptors/co-receptors) and MHCs (major histocompatibility complex) could be crucial factors explaining the uncertain symptoms in those who infected with viruses. The understanding of these host factors should encourage further research studies and pave the way to develop a new public health policy to deal with COVID-19 and emergent viral epidemic in the future.
The Support and Rehabilitation of Refugees – Personal Opinion and Experience
Authors: Kelly Clive
Published: August 2023

Life isn’t meant to be easy for anyone. But some have it much harder than others. I’ve spent most of my life looking after people with disability and disease. And within the last decade, I’ve also become involved in caring for refugees. Western society is generally sympathetic to those with illness, and at least until recently, those of us responsible for their care have received recognition and usually appreciation. However, our society is much more divided when it comes to refugees. Opinions vary widely and there has been significant resistance to accepting refugees into the UK and some other western countries. Supporting them, even in their own country can generate adverse comments or criticism, sometimes from unexpected quarters. This article is a reflection on my role in supporting refugees both here, and more often abroad. I describe my experience and achievements, along with the challenges we have faced. I invite comments and constructive criticism, because I believe it is important to share and exchange opinions and experience without rancour.
Dynamics of cluster structure change in melts that forms a continuous series of solid solutions during equilibrium and nonequilibrium crystallization
Authors:   SBEI HE «Donbas national academy of civil engineering and architecture», Frolova S. , Sobol O. ,   SBEI HE «Donbas national academy of civil engineering and architecture»
Published: August 2023

The article describes the dynamics of changes in the melt structure during cooling of solid substitution solutions in the process of quasi-equilibrium (CRC) and non-equilibrium explosive crystallization (NRCC), taking into account clustering processes. The boundaries of the transition to the solid state are determined as the structure of clusters changes during crystallizations of the KRK and NRK types. The boundaries are determined taking into account the critical overheating and pre-crystallization supercooling relative to the liquidus line . It is determined that during quasi–equilibrium crystallization, the melt changes its structure in the following sequence , and during non-equilibrium explosive crystallization - in the sequence . The phase rule is used to calculate the first crystals that appeared during various types of crystallization. Alloy cooling curves describing various types of alloy crystallization.
Hyperborea on Maps – Always to the North
Authors: Bondzhev Asen
Published: August 2023

Even if an almost entirely imaginary vision, the Hyperboreans remain the most productive and persistent Northern motif in ancient Greek literature. The Hyperboreans were thought to have traversed Greece during its mythical prehistory and to have left their mark on some of its innermost and sanctified places, thus helping to create, and sometimes to maintain, important values in Greek thought, such as justice, right, moral purity and religiosity. This study presents the roots of the Hyperborean myth, the main Hyperborean characters, Hyperborea’s location on maps according to ancient sources, the exploitation of the myth throughout the ages and some contemporary attempts to locate the Hyperborean lands.
Recognizing the Viewpoint and Experience of Blind People in Navigation and Daily Traffic
Authors:   Department of Rehabilitation Management, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Kazemi Homa , Kamali Mohammad ,   Department of Rehabilitation Management, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Salehi Reza ,   Department of Rehabilitation Management, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mobaraki Hossein ,   Department of Rehabilitation Management, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: One of the most obvious problems faced by the blind is the inability to navigate properly. Safe and independent urban navigation is difficult for visually impaired people. According to the international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF), the health and illness status of a person is measured by the structure and function of the body, limitations in performing activities, and the person’s participation in society. Individual factors and environmental factors affect a person’s activities, and these activities affect a person’s participation in society. For this reason, the present study was conducted to investigate the individual factors that blind people use in their daily traffic. Methods: In this qualitative study, 12 blind people, 1 person with severe visual impairment, and 1 sighted person were selected using the snowball sampling method to participate in the study. Information was collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The conventional content analysis method was used for analysis and the data triangulation method was used to validate the findings. Results: After analyzing the statements and classifying the extracted codes, 4 sub-themes were obtained, including “learning the route”, “reluctance to travel”, “helping others”, "using environmental signs” and from the integration of these sub-themes, the theme “daily traffic” appeared. Conclusion: The present study showed that blind people use similar strategies in their daily traffic. These solutions include keeping the path, traveling on familiar paths, using environmental signs, and getting help from others. Reasons, such as fear of the environment, fear of injury, and the family’s unwillingness to leave are an obstacle to the independent movement of the blind person.
Incorporating Auditory Cortex Potentials and Gap Pre-pulse Inhibition of Acoustic Startle: A Probable Way to Objectively Assess Tinnitus
Authors:   Department of Audiology, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Shayanmehr Soheila , Rahbar Nariman ,   School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Pourbakht Akram ,   School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sameni Seyyed Jalal ,   School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mazaheryazdi Malihe ,   School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Tinnitus is a complex condition that varies in loudness, quality, location, and distress. Different definitions, heterogeneity, and lack of objective measuring have challenged the understanding the mechanisms involved and definitive cure. The integrative model correlates each of these characteristics to separate parallel and overlapping subnetworks that process tinnitus’s perception and emotional reaction. Many of these networks are common with the gap pre-pulse inhibition of acoustic startle (GPIAS) neural circuity. GPIAS, which measures tinnitus in animals, has recently been used for humans with various recording methods. The present study aimed to review the evidence achieved with gap stimuli in patients with tinnitus to support the potential of cortical responses recorded with the GPIAS stimulus and to objectively detect tinnitus in humans. Methods: Studies were identified by searching electronic databases with relevant keywords. Results: The role of the auditory cortex in processing short gaps, the possibility of evaluating the gap detection ability with GPIAS, and the advantage of cortical responses in reflecting both stimulus properties and different aspects of tinnitus emphasize the importance of this issue. The results of most studies have proven the gap detection deficiency in tinnitus. However, the validity of the auditory startle reflex still needs to be verified due to the inherent variability and different methods. Conclusion: Further human studies are recommended because the perception of tinnitus can be controlled. An appealing research line in this area is multi-channel cortical evoked potentials. Defects of GPIAS with cortical recording can indicate tinnitus.
Quality of Life of Residents in Hospitals Affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Department of Psychiatric, Clinical Research Development Unit Matini/Kargarnejad Hospitals, Medicine Faculty, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran, Sepehrmanesh Zahra , Ahmadvand Afshin ,   Department of Psychiatric, Clinical Research Development Unit Matini/Kargarnejad Hospitals, Medicine Faculty, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran, Rasouli Fatemeh ,   Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of COVID-19 significantly affected different aspects of the quality of life (QoL) in people, especially the medical staff, who are at the forefront of battle against the disease. This study aims to investigate the QoL of medical residents of hospitals affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences (KUMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 medical residents of hospitals affiliated to KUMS in 2021. Their QoL was assessed using World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22 using Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. Results: The physical health dimension had a statistically significant relationship with age, marital status, underlying disease, sports/arts activities, and year of residency (P<0.001). The psychological health dimension had a statistically significant relationship with marital status, underlying disease, sports/arts activities, and year of residency (P<0.001). The social relationships dimension had a statistically significant relationship with marital status, underlying disease, and year of residency. The environmental health dimension had a statistically significant relationship with sex, marital status, underlying disease, and year of residence (P<0.05). Conclusion: Female residents had lower QoL. The residents in pathology, neurology and infectious diseases had higher QoL, while those in psychiatry had higher scores in the psychological health dimension.
Objective Structured Teaching Exercise: A Method to Improve and Evaluate the Empathy and Communication Skills of Clinical Professors
Authors:   Spiritual Health Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran, Ahmari Tehran Hoda , Adeli Hassan ,   Spiritual Health Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran, Kachoie Ahmad ,   Spiritual Health Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
Published: August 2023

This article has no abstract.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Ethanolic Extract of Lemon Verbena
Authors:   Department of Horticultural Sciences and Engineering, Nahavand Higher Education Complex, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran., Izadi Zahra , Mirazi Naser ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Chemical preservatives are commonly used to prevent food from quick spoiling and oxidizing. Despite their effect in increasing shelf life of foods, these compounds can have side effects. Residues of chemical compounds in foods increase microbial resistance. This study aims to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora L.) ethanolic extract against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Methods: In this experimental study, The soaking method and ethanol solvent was used for extraction. Antioxidant activities of different concentrations of extract were assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity test and compared with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as a synthetic antioxidant. Antimicrobial effect of extract on Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria innocua, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium was determined by disk diffusion and well diffusion methods and measuring minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Experimental data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 20 using analysis of variance and the mean values were compared using Duncan’s multiple range test. Results: The amounts of phenols and flavonoids in the ethanolic extract of were 96.47±0.35 mg of gallic acid/g of extract and 31.07±0.42 mg of quercetin/g of extract, respectively. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of lemon verbena extract was 11.79±0.76 μg/mL, while it was 10.16±0.29 μg/mL for BHA. In both disk diffusion and well diffusion methods, with the increase of the concentration of extract, the inhibition zone diameter increased. The ethanolic extract of lemon verbena at the concentration of 12.5 mg/mL had no inhibitory effect on gram-negative bacteria growth. In both methods, the extract had the greatest effect on S. aureus. The MIC of ethanolic extract ranged from 8 to 128 mg/mL, depending on the type of bacteria (gram-positive or gram-negative). Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of lemon verbena has higher antimicrobial effects on gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, it can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries as a natural antimicrobial agent. Considering the increasing resistance of bacteria to chemical antibiotics, more studies on lemon verbena and its antibacterial compounds are needed for treating infections.
Determinants of Successful Aging in Tehran, Iran in 2022
Authors:   Department of Population and Health, National Institute for Population Research, Tehran, Iran., Sasanipour Mohammad , Shahbazin Saeedeh ,   Department of Spatial Distribution and Urbanization, National Institute for Population Research, Tehran, Iran.
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Today, one of the goals to improve the quality of life (QoL) of the elderly is to achieve successful aging. This study aims to investigate the determinants of successful aging in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This is a quantitative cross-sectional study. Participants were 637 older people over 60 years of age who were collected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method from 22 districts of Tehran, according to the number of older people in each district. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used for analyze the collected data. Results: Prevalence of successful aging in Tehran was 19.6%. The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that younger people and non-smokers had a higher chance of successful aging (Odds ratio=1.8 and 1.9, respectively). Those with elementary/secondary education and further and higher education (respectively with 2.9 rand 3.4 odds ratio) and daily exercise (odds ratio=2.4) had also a higher chance of successful aging. Conclusion: Improving the level of education and improving a healthy lifestyle, including not smoking and doing physical activities, leads to a successful aging, which requires long-term planning and special attention.
Effect of an Intervention Based on the Family-centered Empowerment Model on the Resilience of Family Caregivers of Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Sciences Development Research Center, Najafabad Branch,Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran, Kiani Farnaz , Salmani Fatemeh ,   Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Sciences Development Research Center, Najafabad Branch,Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran, Azarbarzin Mehrdad ,   Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Sciences Development Research Center, Najafabad Branch,Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Chronic kidney disease is a debilitating disease that can also affect the family caregivers of patients. Increasing awareness and empowering caregivers can improve the physical and mental condition of patients and the resilience of caregivers. This study aims to evaluate the effect of an intervention based on the family-centered empowerment model (FCEM) on the resilience of family caregivers of hemodialysis patients. Methods: This is a randomized controlled clinical trial. Sixty family caregivers of patients in the hemodialysis department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran were selected by a random sampling method using a random number table. Then, they were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=30) and control (n=30). The assessment tools were a demographic form and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data in SPSS software, version 18. Results: The results of independent t-test showed that the mean resilience score at baseline was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.29). After the intervention, it was significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.001). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between pre- and post-intervention scores of resilience in the intervention group (P<0.001), but no significant difference was found in the control group (P=0.17). Conclusion: The FCEM-based intervention increases the resilience of family caregivers of hemodialysis patients. Therefore, it is recommended that the planners in nursing education should make nurses aware of the importance of providing family-centered care to hemodialysis patients’ families for increasing their resilience.
Occupational Stress of Nurses and its Related Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran, Ghanbari-afra Leila , Ghanbari-afra Monireh ,   Shahid Beheshti -Amir al-Momenin Departmant, Qom Universityof Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Occupational stress is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims to investigate the occupational stress level of nurses and its related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a systematic review study that was conducted in 2022 by searching for articles in both Persian and English in Web of Science, SID, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochran, MagIran, IranDoc and PubMed databases without time limit. The used keywords were nurse, Iran, COVID-19, occupational stress, and job stress in Persian and English. Initial search yielded 3860 articles. Of these, 15 articles were finally reviewed. Results: In the reviewed studies, nurses’ occupational stress during the COVID-19 pandemic was at a high level. The highest score was related to the “demands” dimension and the lowest score was related to “the changes” dimension of the health and safety executive questionnaire. Demographic, occupational, and mental factors and quitting job had a significant positive relationship with nurses’ occupational stress, while low rest, job-related affective well-being, organizational commitment, productivity, organizational climate, and knowledge had a significant negative relationship with their occupational stress. Conclusion: The occupational stress of nurses is high during the COVID-19 pandemic. Occupational stress is related to demographic, occupational, psychological, and organizational factors. It is recommended to form committees to monitor nurses’ occupational stress in hospitals.
Effect of Early Patient Contact on the Empathy of Medical Students in Qom, Iran
Authors:   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical, Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ahmadi Soleiman , Vaezzadeh Mojdeh ,   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical, Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Alizadeh Narges ,   Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kamkar-Arabnia Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Aghaali Mohammad ,   Department of Family and Community Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Habibi Amin ,   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical, Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Empathy is one of the most important concepts in patient care. This study aims to design and implement an early patient contact program and investigate its effect on the empathy of medical students in Qom, Iran. Methods: This is a case-control interventional study. Sixty-four students from Qom University of Medical Sciences were recruited by a convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The instrument was the Jefferson Scale of Empathy. First, empathy training was provided to the both groups. Then, the intervention group participated at three sessions of attending hospital. The collected data were entered into SPSS software, verion 22 and analyzed by chi-square test and paired t-test. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups before the intervention. After the intervention, the empathy score was 74.04±10.32 in the intervention group and 68.31±8.14 in the control group; the difference between the groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: Early patient contact before the start of the internship period increases the empathy of medical students.
Economic Analysis of Iran’s Health System Transformation Plan Using the Structural Break Tests
Authors:   Department of Economics, Mofid University, Qom, Iran., Hamidi Parsa Hadi , Elahi Nasser ,   Department of Economics, Mofid University, Qom, Iran., Rezaei Majid ,   Department of Economics, Mofid University, Qom, Iran., Jafari Mehdi ,   Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Health system transformation plan (HSTP) of Iran, with three main goals of financial protection of patients, justice in access to health services, and improving the quality of services was implemented since 2014 which has had some achievements and challenges. Considering the large amount of financial resources used in this plan and the limitation of resources in Iran, this study aims to examine the performance of this plan in improving some health-related and financial indicators. Methods: Econometric tools were used in this study. The data of health-related and financial indicators related to the performance of HSTP from 2004 to 2019 were first collected. Then, using the ordinary and generalized least squares estimation methods, the effect of the transformation of HSTP on the selected indicators was examined. Finally, by using the structural break tests of Perron, Zivot-Andrews and Lee-Strazicich, the success of the HSTP in causing positive changes in the indicators and creating structural breaks was examined. Results: According to the ordinary and generalized least squares regression models, the coefficients of all indicators was significant and the positive effect of the costs of HSTP on the improvement of these indicators were confirmed. The greatest effect was reported on the out-of-pocket payment rate with a coefficient of 0.7 and the lowest effect was on the total death rate with a coefficient of -0.006. According to the results of the structural break tests, all indicators had recorded structural breaks before implementing the plan, while only six indicators showed structural breaks after the implementation. Conclusion:The HSTP was effective in improving the selected indicators at the beginning. All indicators showed structural break points before implementation of the HSTP, due to their reduction at the related time points, which emphasized the necessity of implementing the HSTP; however, after implementation, no positive structural break points are observed to indicate a considerable improvement in the indicators.
Anxiety and Fear of COVID-19 Among People Aged >18 Years in Kermanshah, Iran
Authors:   Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran., Salimi Nooshin , Heydarian Masoumeh ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran., Askari Shadi ,   Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) not only threatened the physical health and caused death in some cases, but also caused psychological problems and unbearable pressures. This study aims to investigate the fear of COVID-19 and anxiety among people over 18 years of age in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2021 on 400 men and women aged >18 years in Kermanshah city. Data collection tools included a demographic form, a researcher-made fear of COVID-19 questionnaire, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS v.19 software. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: It was reported that 5.5% had low fear, 75.3% had moderate fear, and 19.2% had high fear of COVID-19, 60. Moreover, 1% had mild anxiety, 38.1% had moderate anxiety and 1.8% had severe anxiety. Fear of COVID-19 was higher in married people, people with a large household size, and those with higher educational level (P<0.001). Among the demographic variables, only the educational level was significantly associated with anxiety (P<0.001), where those with higher educational level had more anxiety. The results of correlation test showed that the fear of COVID-19 had a positive and significant relationship with anxiety. Conclusion: The fear of COVID-19 has a positive and significant relationship with anxiety. To maintain the mental health of the society during the pandemic, it seems necessary to identify people prone to mental disorders and provide appropriate psychological interventions to them.
A Comparative Study on the COVID-19-Related Anxiety Between Medical and Non-Medical Staff of Selected Hospitals in Khorramabad, Iran
Authors:   Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran, Malekshahi Farideh , Baharvand Parastoo ,   Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran, Najmi Raheleh ,   Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Recently, the new Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a lot of stress and anxiety around the world. The present study aims to determine the level of anxiety caused by COVID-19 in medical staff of selected hospitals in Khorramabad, Iran compared to their non-medical staff. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted on 150 medical staff and 150 non-medical (administrative) staff working in Shohadaye Ashayer and Shahid Rahimi hospitals in Khorramabad in 2021 (coincided with the fourth and fifth waves of COVID-19). Data collection tools were a demographic information form and the Coronavirus Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS). After collecting the data, they were entered into SPSS software, version 22 (statistical) and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, chi-square test, and independent t-test. Results: The mean±SD total CDAS scores for the medical and non-medical staff were 9.31±0.188 and 9.10±0.188, respectively, but this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.459). In terms of anxiety dimensions, the mean scores of psychological and physical symptoms were higher in medical staff, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.426 and 0.617). In terms of age, gender, educational level, marital status, history of vaccination, previous history of infection with COVID-19, hospital, and type of employment, no significant difference in anxiety was found neither between the medical staff nor between non-medical staff (P>0.05). Conclusion: There is no difference between medical and non-medical staff of hospitals in Khorramabad in terms of COVID-19-related anxiety. Considering the importance of mental health in both groups, it is recommended to take special measures to reduce their anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Protective Effect of Rosmarinic Acid on Inflammatory Changes of Hepatic Cells in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice: Cyclooxygenase 2/ Prostaglandin E2 Pathway
Authors:   Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran, Komeili-Movahhed Tahereh , Moslehi Azam ,   Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the common liver diseases, characterized by excessive lipid accumulation (steatosis) and inflammation in the liver. Inflammation is one of main reasons for this disease which takes place from different pathways. Rosmarinic Acid (RA) is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory product with positive effects on the improvement of liver injuries. This study aims to evaluate protective effect of RA against liver inflammation caused by NASH in male mice through affecting cyclooxygenase-2/ Prostaglandin E2 (COX-2/PEG2) pathway and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Methods: In this study, 24 C57/BL6 male mice were used. They were divided into four groups of 6 including; Control, RA, NASH, and NASH+RA. The NASH was induced by a methionine/choline-deficient diet for 8 weeks. The RA was administrated intraperitoneally and daily for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and their liver was removed. hematoxylin and eosin staining was preformed for histological evaluation and real-time PCR and ELISA assays were used for molecular studies. Results: The RA significantly reduced hepatic steatosis and inflammation as well as the expression of MMP-9 and COX-2 which led to the significant reduction of PEG2 level. Conclusion: It seems that RA can reduce liver inflammation and thereby attenuate NASH in male mice by reducing the expression of COX-2 enzyme and MMP-9 and the concentration of PEG2.
Using Orem’s Self-Care Model to Measure the Quality of Life of Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Trauma Nursing Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran., Ghanbari-Afra Leila , Moradi Tayebeh ,   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashan, Iran.
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Heart Failure (HF) can cause poor quality of life (QoL). Self-care can lead to desirable outcomes in health. Orem’s self-care model is one of the methods that include patients in care and emphasizes self-care. This study aims to review various studies used Orem’s self-care model to assess the QoL of HF patients. Methods: This is a systematic review study that was conducted from October to December 2021. The search was conducted in Web of Science, MagIran, Irandoc, IranMedex, Information Database Scientific (SID), Scopus, Cochran, Google Scholar and PubMed databases for related studies in both Persian and English without time limit using the keywords heart failure, self-care, Orem, and QoL in Persian and English with “AND” and “OR” operators. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklist was used to check the quality of articles. Finally, of 865837 found articles,12 eligible articles were reviewed. Results: Based on Orem’s self-care model, the QoL of patients with HF was at a moderate level. QoL was significantly associated with age, gender, number of children, level of education, occupation, living in an urban area, ejection fraction, length of hospital stay, recreational activities, self-care behaviors, self-care education, management, self-confidence, functional capacity, underlying diseases, comorbidity, depression, anxiety, and personality type D. Conclusion: Considering the positive effect of using Orem’s self-care model on the QoL of patients with HF, health care providers are recommended to use this model to improve the QoL of patients with HF.
Prioritization of Partner Selection Criteria According the Perceptions of Female Students of Qom University of Medical Sciences
Authors:   Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Gharlipour Zabihollah , Rahbar Shahrokh ,   Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Omidi Oskouei Alireza ,   Department of Public Health, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Ghasemi Nasrin ,   Department of Environmental Health, Mallard Health Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rahbar Ahmad ,   Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives Marriage is one of the effective factors that can promote mental health and lifestyle and reduce the risk of individual and social disorders. This study aims to prioritize the criteria for partner selection according to the perceptions of female students of Qom University of Medical Sciences (QUMS) in 2017. Methods: This is descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in 2017. The study population consists of all single female students of QUMS, of whom 373 were selected by multi-stage sampling method. The instrument was the 22-item Preference Criteria of Spouse Selection Inventory (PCSSI) with acceptable validity and reliability. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 20 statistical software using descriptive statistics and Friedman’s test, Chi-square test, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. Results: The age range of the participants was 18-38 years, and their semester range was 1-15. The results of Friedman test showed a significant difference between the mean ranks of partner selection criteria. Mental health had the highest priority, while being from the same ethnicity had the lowest priority. There was a significant negative correlation between age and importance of partner selection criteria (P<0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference between students with associate degree and the students with bachelor’s degree, master’s degree, and PhD degree in terms of the importance of partner selection criteria (P<0.001). Conclusion: Female students of QUMS pay more attention to mental health, responsibility, and chastity criteria in choosing a partner.
Presenting a Health System Policy Model Based on “the Second Phase of the Revolution” Statement
Authors:   Department of Management, Faculty of Humanities, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran., Mohammadi Mohammad , Mardani Mohammad Reza ,   Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Management and Strategic Planning, Imam Hossein University (AS), Tehran, Iran., Tootian Sedighe ,   Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, Islamic Azad University, Tehran West Branch, Tehran, Iran, Sadeh Ehsan ,   Department of Management, Faculty of Humanities, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran.
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Health system policy is one of the most important issues for policy makers and managers in the health system. This study aims to present a health system policy model based on the statement of “the second phase of the revolution” and using the economic resistance approach. Methods: This is a qualitative study using grounded theory. Participants were selected by purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The data was collected by conducting in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 11 faculty members, deputies, and managers of Arak University of Medical Sciences and Qom University of Medical Sciences in Iran. The concepts for the paradigmatic model were extracted after open, axial, and selective coding. Then, the structural equation modeling was conducted using non-parametric partial least squares method. Results: Initially, 408 codes were obtained, which were reduced to 260 after screening using the content validity index. In this regard, 40 sub-themes and 13 main themes were extracted which included: Causal factors (management issues, human resources management, processes/methods), strategies (priority of prevention over treatment, health resource management, cultural enrichment, promotion of human capital in healthcare, and improvement of methods), intervening factors (economic, social, technological, and political), contextual factors, governance factors, and consequences (promoting the society health, improving economic efficiency of medical universities). Conclusion: The health system policy model based on the economic resistance approach can help promote the society health and improve the economic efficiency of medical universities in Iran.
Perceptions of COVID-19 Vaccination Among Pregnant Mothers in Qom, Iran
Authors:   Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Khalajinaia Zohreh , Bagheri Fatemeh ,   Department of Nursing, Clinical Research Development Unit, Nekouei-Hedayati-Forghani Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Ahangari Roghayeh ,   Department of Gynecology and Midwifery, Clinical Research Development Unit, Nekouei-Hedayati-Forghani Hospital, University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Women during pregnancy are high risk for contracting coronavirus disease 21019 (COVID-19), and vaccination is probably the best way to prevent it during this period. This study aims to survey perceptions of COVID-19 vaccination among Pregnant Mothers in Qom, Iran. Methods: This is a qualitative study using the content analysis approach, Semi-structured interviews were used to collect information. Participants were 22 pregnant mothers living in Qom city who were eligible for vaccination, but had not yet been vaccinated. Results: The results of content analysis led to the extraction of three main themes: vaccine acceptance (lack of knowledge and awareness, lack of trust in news, advice from others), vaccine safety (unknown side effects of vaccine on the mother and the fetus/newborn), and vaccine effectiveness (effectiveness of the vaccine for the mother and the fetus/newborn). Conclusion: The pregnant mothers in Qom avoid COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy due to the lack of knowledge and awareness, lack of trust in the news, and advice from others. They are also worried about the unknown side effects of the vaccine on the mother, the fetus or newborn and have no knowledge of the effectiveness of the vaccine for the mother, the fetus or newborn.
Validation of the Electronic Form of the Persian Version of Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire for Iranian Patients With COVID-19
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran., Mirzazadeh Roghayeh , Amirfakhraei Azita ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran., Haji Alizadeh Kobra ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran., Zarei Eqbal ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Validation of the tools used for assessing the quality of life (QoL) can help address the problems of patients with COVID-19 in Iran. Therefore, this study aims to validate the electronic form of the Persian version of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire for Iranian patients with COVID-19. Methods: This is a psychometric study. The study population included all patients with COVID-19 in Tehran, Iran. Samples were selected by a cluster sampling method. In this regard, 100 patients were selected for determining the criterion validity and 330 were selected for assessing the convergence validity. The research data were collected electronically by using Hlubocky et al.’s HRQoL questionnaire and the World Health Organization quality of life-BREEF (WHOQoL-BREF) questionnaire. Content validity, convergence validity, and factor analysis methods were used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian HRQoL. The reliability was assessed by internal consistency and split-half methods. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the questionnaire had two factors. It had also good validity and reliability. The second-order confirmatory factor analysis confirmed its two-factor structure. Its score had good relationship with the score of WHOQoOL-BREF. Conclusion: The electronic form of the Persian HRQoL can be used to assess the QoL of patients with COVID-19 in Iran.
An Uncommon a Giant Dentigerous Cyst Associated With Unerupted Canine: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Owlia Fatemeh , Akhvan Karbasi Mohammad Hasan ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Pachenari Seyed Hamid ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Heidary Arezoo ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Dentigerous cyst (DC) is the second most common developmental odontogenic cyst. On radiographic images, it usually seen as a well-defined unilocular radiolucency in the area surrounding the crown of an unerupted tooth. This study aims to report a case of giant DC in a 9-year-old boy who was treated conservatively. Case Report: This study reports a rare case of a mandibular DC associated with the crown of unerupted canine in a 9-year-old boy complained of swelling for about 5 months who had been treated by marsupialization. Conclusion: Conservative treatments for the large inflammatory DCs in children can lead to good results, ensuring the normal development of teeth, and proper bone repair.
Challenges Related to Treatment/Care of Patients With COVID-19 Hospitalized in Forghani Hospital in Qom, Iran: A Qualitative Study
Authors:   Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran., Khalajinia Zohre , Mirzaie Monireh ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Heidarifar Reza ,   Clinical Research Development Center, Nekoui-Farghani Hospital (Khairin Salamat), Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Shojaei Sarallah ,   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Dehghani Fatemeh ,   Spiritual Health Research Center, School of Health and Religion,Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused a crisis in health care systems such that the treatment/care of patients 19 faced big challenges. This study aims to investigate the challenges related to treatment/care of patients hospitalized in Forgani Hospital in Qom, Iran. Methods: This study was conducted using the qualitative content analysis approach in 2020 Forgani Hospital in Qom, Iran. Eleven patients with COVID-19 were selected using a purposive sampling method. Data collection tool was in-depth semi-structured interview. Data analysis was done using the conventional content analysis method. Results: The results of content analysis led to identification of three main themes including lack of disease knowledge, human recourse and equipment shortage, and individual-family and social concerns. Conclusion: Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Qom face various challenges due to the unknown etiology of the disease, lack of experience and sufficient medical staff, and personal and family concerns. Therefore, it is recommended to make proper planning for the management and control of pandemics in the future.