bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘But … Would I Be Able to Toast With Friends?’ When Service Users Ask for New Care Pathways
Authors: Rocelli Michele , Aquili Ludovica , Palmieri Arianna , Romaioli Diego , Ferrari Lea , Faccio Elena
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The WHO European Mental Health Action Plan (2013–2030) emphasises the need to generate services that are more inclusive and attentive to the co‐construction of care practices. This exploratory research investigates the needs of young substance abusers shown during their stay in residential communities; in particular, it explores the idea that treatment may include a new phase focused on how to manage moderate or controlled alcohol intake during residential care. Interviews with young ex‐users open up critical reflections on complete abstinence programmes from all substances, including alcohol, as a prerequisite for discharge and also provide examples of how to co‐design a plan for mindful drinking.

Methods

Fourteen young adults, aged 19–32 years, non‐alcoholists, treated at rehab in Fermo, in central Italy, were interviewed during a programme between 6 and 18 months of period. They were asked about exploring needs in preparation for the conclusion of the rehabilitation pathway. From this exploration emerged the need to introduce controlled alcohol intake during the rehabilitation stay. This request became the focus of the semi‐structured interviews.

Results

Three main themes emerged, which are as follows: (1) difficulties in integrating the new identity with the past of consumption, (2) resistance to the idea of total abstinence in social relations and (3) uncertainties about post‐community behaviour regarding alcohol intake. At the same time, three unexpected needs were expressed: (1) test the personal knowledge and skills on how to manage the alcohol intake, (2) receive support during the residential path to build up self‐control competence given the post‐discharge period and (3) build a personalised therapeutic path together with the supervisor and the operators while still at the rehab, according to the realistic lifestyle and routine outside the rehab.

Conclusions

This research highlights the importance of personalising treatment based on each user's needs, going far beyond the standardised treatments for users previously considered unable of self‐control and self‐determination. For that purpose, the relationship between the users and the operators might be privileged, as it is able to cover the specific needs aimed for the new identity.

Involving the Participants

The research sparked a discussion within the community, involving and initiating an open dialogue between the operators and the users, allowing them to focus on certain innovative strategies offered by the service, putting the users' needs at the very centre of the attention. The results were compared and discussed actively with the participants involved.
Analyse des différences entre les régimes de protection des travailleurs domestiques de divers pays à l'aide du cadre du régime des politiques publiques
Authors: PAUL Anju Mary
Published: September 2024

La main‐d'œuvre domestique est l'une des catégories de travailleurs les plus précaires et les moins protégées au monde. La situation est cependant très variable selon les pays. S'appuyant sur le cadre du régime de politiques publiques, l'autrice montre que ces différences de degré de protection juridique entre pays s'expliquent par des variations en matière d'idées, d'institutions et de groupes d'intérêts. Elle postule que la protection des travailleurs domestiques ne peut être forte que si ces trois éléments sont présents et favorables à ces travailleurs. Elle montre ainsi pourquoi les régimes de protection en place en Afrique du Sud, au Pakistan, à Singapour et en Suède sont faibles ou incomplets.
Feasibility, acceptability, and perceived effectiveness of weighted blankets during paediatric dental care
Authors: Stein Duker Leah I. , McGuire Riley , Hernandez Jocelyn , Goodman Elizabeth , Polido José C.
Published: September 2024

Background

Weighted blankets are one method to provide deep pressure touch sensations, which are associated with a calming effect on the nervous system. Weighted blankets have been reported to elicit a calming effect during stressful dental encounters and routine prophylactic visits in older adolescents and adults. Preliminary research suggests that weighted blankets are safe and feasible for children in both hospital and home settings; this, however, has not yet been examined in a paediatric dental environment.

Aim

To examine the feasibility, acceptability, and perceived effectiveness of a weighted blanket during paediatric dental care.

Design

This cross‐sectional study examined child, caregiver, and dentist‐reported responses to survey questions asking about their experience with the weighted blanket during care (n = 20 each per child and caregiver group, n = 9 dentists).

Results

The use of a weighted blanket is feasible, acceptable, and appropriate as reported by caregivers and dentists (means ≥ 4.70 on the Feasibility of Intervention, Acceptability of Intervention, and Intervention Appropriateness Measures). Few problems were described, and all groups overwhelmingly responded with enthusiasm, noted the blanket's potential for future use, and perceived that a weighted blanket improved care (means ≥ 4.10).

Conclusions

Study findings support the feasibility and acceptability of using a weighted blanket during routine, noninvasive paediatric dental care.
Barriers and Facilitators to Sustainable Technology Implementation in Care for People With Disabilities—Real World Data From a Three‐Year Implementation Programme
Authors: van der Weegen Sanne , van der Poel Agnes , Kagenaar Eva , Bierhoff Ilse , Boon Brigitte
Published: September 2024

Background

Implementation issues often impede the realisation of the potential benefits of technology in disability care organisations for people with disabilities. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal study to gain insights into the barriers and facilitators to implementation.

Methods

From 2019 to 2022, data were collected using questionnaires and interviews during 28 implementation projects in 26 disability care organisations.

Results

Barriers and facilitators were identified using 9 themes and 26 subthemes. The main themes identified were finances, disability care organisations, internal collaborations, external collaborations, technology, care staff, project teams, people with disabilities, and context. Most factors mentioned as barriers in one organisation were mentioned as facilitators in others. This suggests that barriers can be resolved to improve implementation.

Conclusion

A large number of barriers and facilitators spanning the organisation suggests that the implementation of technology should be considered an organisational reform. Acting upon them is crucial for the successful implementation of technology.
Genetic interactions and pleiotropy in metabolic diseases: Insights from a comprehensive GWAS analysis
Authors: Shen Jing , Pan Julong , Yu Gang , Cai Hui , Xu Hua , Yan Hanfei , Feng Yu
Published: September 2024

This study offers insights into the genetic and biological connections between nine common metabolic diseases using data from genome‐wide association studies. Our goal is to unravel the genetic interactions and biological pathways of these complex diseases, enhancing our understanding of their genetic architecture. We employed a range of advanced analytical techniques to explore the genetic correlations and shared genetic variants of these diseases. These methods include Linked Disequilibrium Score Regression, High‐Definition Likelihood (HDL), genetic analysis combining multiplicity and annotation (GPA), two‐sample Mendelian randomization analyses, analysis under the multiplicity‐complex null hypothesis (PLACO), and Functional mapping and annotation of genetic associations (FUMA). Additionally, Bayesian co‐localization analyses were used to examine associations of specific loci across traits. Our study discovered significant genomic correlations and shared loci, indicating complex genetic interactions among these metabolic diseases. We found several shared single nucleotide variants and risk loci, notably highlighting the role of the immune system and endocrine pathways in these diseases. Particularly, rs2476601 and its associated gene PTPN22 appear to play a crucial role in the connection between type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism/mucous oedema and hypoglycaemia. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of these diseases and open new potential avenues for targeted therapeutic and preventive strategies. The results underscore the importance of considering pleiotropic effects in deciphering the genetic architecture of complex diseases, especially metabolic ones.
Effect of Discontinuation of Supportive Periodontal Therapy on Periodontal Status—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kocher Thomas , Lösler Karoline , Pink Christiane , Grabe Hans Jörgen , Holtfreter Birte
Published: September 2024

Aim

To assess the impact of active (APT) and supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) on the change in probing depth (PD) and annual tooth loss in partially and fully compliant and drop‐out patients.

Material and Methods

Data of 280 periodontally treated partially and fully compliant (regular supportive visits, SPT duration 5.5 ± 4.5 years) and 55 drop‐out patients (SPT and drop‐out duration 8.3 ± 3.8 years, only drop‐out duration 5.3 ± 3.7 years) were recorded. PD data and the number of teeth present at the start of APT (T1) and at the start of SPT (T2) were taken from the patient files and evaluated at the time of the final examination (T3).

Results

Annual tooth loss during SPT was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in drop‐out patients than in partially and fully compliant patients (0.31 ± 0.50 vs. 0.19 ± 0.55, respectively). In partially and fully compliant and drop‐out patients, the mean PD (all available site data) decreased significantly between T1 (3.61 ± 0.82 vs. 3.70 ± 0.73 mm) and T2 (2.68 ± 0.40 vs. 2.76 ± 0.42 mm), while the values increased again slightly up to T3 (2.74 ± 0.41 vs. 2.99 ± 0.75 mm).

Conclusions

In partially and fully compliant patients, SPT had a positive impact on PD stability and medium‐term tooth preservation. In contrary to expectations, drop‐out patients, PD did not return to baseline values, although PD stability was not achieved.
Applying difference‐in‐differences design in quality improvement and health systems research
Authors: Hou Yucheng , Alsharawy Abdelaziz
Published: September 2024

This editorial comments on the article by Burke et al.
Objective and subjective measurement of sleep in people who use substances: Emerging evidence and recommendations from a systematic review
Authors: Webber Heather E. , Badawi Jessica C. , Schmitz Joy M. , Yoon Jin H. , Calvillo Douglas J. , Becker Cabrina I. , Lane Scott D.
Published: September 2024

People who use substances commonly experience sleep disruptions, affecting the regulation of physical and mental health, and presenting a significant barrier to treatment success. Sleep impairments are noted in all phases of substance use; however, differences between subjective versus objective methods used to measure sleep quality have been reported. While polysomnography is the gold‐standard for sleep measurement, recent advances in actigraphy may help address the discordance between subjective and objective sleep reports. This systematic review examined emerging evidence (2016–present) for sleep impairment in people who use substances, with the twofold goal of: (1) identifying whether sleep outcomes vary across substance type (alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, cocaine, methamphetamine and opioids); and (2) contrasting results from subjective and objective measures. While some differences between subjective and objective sleep were noted, there was overwhelming evidence of clinically relevant sleep impairment in people who use alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine and opioids, with less consistent results for cannabis. Gaps in the literature are identified and future recommendations are presented, including utilization of common methodological frameworks, identification of mechanisms, and closer examination of sleep across stages of substance use and the interconnection between sleep and return to use.
Magnetic resonance imaging features of bilateral multiloculated extraneural ganglion cysts of the occipito‐atlanto‐axial joint causing hypoglossal nerve paralysis in a dog
Authors: Ji Minha , Kiupel Matti , Park Hyungjin , Lee Kichang , Yoon Hakyoung
Published: September 2024

A 14‐year‐old spayed female Miniature Pinscher presented with tongue curling, dysphagia, hypersalivation, and sublingual gland swelling. Comprehensive evaluation, including neurologic and musculoskeletal examinations, blood work, and urinalysis, revealed no abnormalities other than tongue‐related signs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a multilobed cystic structure in the occipito‐atlanto‐axial joint, compressing the right hypoglossal canal. The lesion appeared cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)‐like on T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted images, and hyperintense compared with CSF on fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery T2‐weighted images. The scans suggested mucinous content with enhanced peripheral areas on contrast‐enhanced images. Surgical removal and drainage of this cyst were performed, and clinical signs improved markedly. The dorsal cyst was tentatively diagnosed as a ganglion cyst based on histopathologic and imaging findings. Ganglion cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis for dogs with similar MRI findings and neurologic signs.
Atmospheric collection of extraterrestrial dust at the Earth's surface in the mid‐Pacific
Authors: Wozniakiewicz Penelope J. , Alesbrook Luke S. , Bradley John P. , Ishii Hope A. , Price Mark C. , Zolensky Michael. E. , Brownlee Donald E. , van Ginneken Matthias , Genge Matthew J.
Published: September 2024

The Kwajalein micrometeorite collection utilized high volume air samplers fitted with polycarbonate membrane filters to capture particles directly from the atmosphere at the Earth's surface. This initial study focused on identifying cosmic spherule‐like particles, conservatively categorizing them into four groups based on bulk compositional data: Group I exhibit a range of compositions designated terrestrial in origin; group II are Fe‐rich and contain only additional O, S, and/or Ni; group III are silicate spherules with Mg‐to‐Si At% ratios less than 0.4; group IV are silicate spherules with Mg‐to‐Si At% ratios greater than 0.4. Spherules in groups I, II, and III have compositions that are also consistent with particles that are produced in great numbers by natural and/or anthropogenic terrestrial activities (e.g., volcanic microspherules, fly ash from coal fired power plants, etc.) and thus are assumed terrestrial in origin. Group IV spherules exhibit compositions closest to those of cosmic spherules identified in other collections and are, therefore, designated cosmic spherule candidates. Detailed analysis of seven group IV spherules found that whilst five exhibited morphology and compositions consistent with S‐type cosmic spherules, two appear unique to this collection and could not be matched to either terrestrial or extraterrestrial spherules studied to date.
Low awareness and affordability are major drivers of low consumption of animal‐source foods among children in Northern Ethiopia: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Zerfu Taddese , Duncan Alan , Baltenweck Isabelle , McNeill Geraldine
Published: September 2024

Animal‐source foods (ASFs), contain high amounts of essential nutrients that are readily absorbed by the body. However, children in resource‐constrained settings often have limited access to these nutritious foods. This study aimed to investigate the reasons for the low consumption of ASFs among children in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. A community‐based mixed‐methods study was conducted, using exploratory qualitative methods supplemented by the analysis of secondary data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). The qualitative study employed a multiphase stepwise design and the maximum variation purposive sampling technique, enroling a diverse range of participants such as mothers and/or caregivers, household heads, religious and community leaders, health and nutrition experts, and others. The qualitative data were analysed using a thematic framework analysis method, while the quantitative data were analysed using SPSS v22 statistical software. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of ASFs among children under 5 years of age in the region. Despite the large and diverse livestock populations available, only 13.2% of children consumed at least one animal‐source food (ASF) in the prior day. The most consumed ASFs were dairy and eggs, whereas beef, organ meat, and seafood were the least consumed. Household demographics such as residence, literacy level, paternal age, and household wealth quintiles influenced the overall consumption of ASFs. The main reasons for the low consumption of ASFs among children were unaffordability and poor awareness among caregivers. In addition, religious misconceptions, price hikes, limited availability during certain seasons, low productivity, insufficient support from health professionals, and time constraints for caregivers were also mentioned as significant barriers to ASF consumption in the area. The consumption of ASFs among children in Ethiopia, particularly in the Amhara region, remains very low. This is mainly due to the caregivers' levels of awareness and unaffordability of ASFs. It is recommended that behavioural and sociocultural interventions be implemented that target caregivers to improve the consumption of ASFs among children.
A realist evaluation of prospective entrustment decisions in paediatric residency clinical competency committees
Authors: Schumacher Daniel J. , Martini Abigail , Michelson Catherine , Turner David A. , Winn Ariel S. , Kinnear Benjamin
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Making entrustment decisions (granting more responsibility, advancement and graduation) are important actions in medical training that pose risks to trainees and patients if not done well. A previous realist synthesis of the existing literature revealed that clinical competency committees (CCCs) do not typically make deliberate entrustment decisions, instead defaulting to the promotion and graduation of trainees in the absence of red flags. This study sought further understanding of these areas through empirical data.

Methods

The authors conducted a realist inquiry to better understand how CCC prospective entrustment decision‐making is carried out in paediatric residency programs. They conducted four CCC meeting observations and 18 interviews with CCC members at eight sites in an effort to confirm, disconfirm, and elaborate an existing theory that was based on a literature synthesis.

Results

The literature‐based theory held up well against the empiric data collected in this study. Therefore, the authors did not modify that theory and instead developed three new demi‐regularities (recurring patterns in data when conducting realist work) that add detail and nuance to their previous understanding of this model. These new demi‐regularities focus on (i) expounding on how deliberate actions of CCCs focus more on resident development than on resident entrustment; (ii) elucidating that effortful work is not only about reconciling a paucity of data or incongruent data but also working hard to ‘do the right thing’ for residents; and (iii) describing how programs consider bias, equity and fairness, with a wide range of intentionality from being reactive to being proactive.

Conclusion

This study offers evidence of deliberate CCC efforts to support resident development. Moving forward, a similar focus should be more consistently placed on equitable entrustment and advancement decisions to balance both of these foundational goals.
Nipah virus and implications for the nursing workforce and public health: A rapid review
Authors: Cubelo Floro , Kohanová Dominika , Turunen Hannele , Solgajová Andrea , Berdida Daniel Joseph
Published: September 2024

Background

The Nipah virus has raised significant concerns in global health security. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the nursing workforce continues to face numerous challenges, including inadequate preparedness for pandemics, a shortage of nursing personnel, physical, and mental exhaustion.

Objective

This rapid review aimed to synthesize existing literature on the Nipah virus and its implications for the nursing workforce.

Design

A rapid review was conducted to synthesize the available literature on the Nipah virus, facilitating the provision of timely and pertinent information to policymakers and decision influencers. A systematic search strategy was implemented between January 22 and February 9, 2024, from PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), Scopus, and Google Scholar without year limitation. Out of 149 studies, six studies were evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists, and one study was excluded based on this evaluation, resulting in five studies being included. Then these were reviewed using narrative synthesis. The study adhered to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results

The selected research indicated that the virus was transmitted throughout the community and during hospital admissions, resulting in unexpected mortality. The healthcare staff, especially nurses, had a limited understanding of the infection. Although there is a lack of confidence in policy and decision‐makers, many public health initiatives have been implemented such as providing education on infection prevention and control methods to healthcare personnel, including nurses and support staff.

Conclusion

There is a need to integrate continuing professional development programs in both primary health care and specialized medical care to strengthen the preparedness of healthcare personnel for future pandemics. Support systems not only for healthcare staff members, especially nurses, but also for allied personnel working with them to create conducive working environments.
Enhancing wheat growth and nutrient content through integrated microbial and non‐microbial biostimulants
Authors: Pathak Devashish , Suman Archna , Dass Anchal , Sharma Pushpendra , Krishnan Aswini , Gond Shrikant
Published: September 2024

This study focused on two aspects: to develop a selected functionally competent bacterial community, and its integrated with biostimulant humic acid and seaweed extract which was validated to enhance wheat growth and nutrient content. Wheat and maize‐associated bacterial isolates (92) were screened for Plant Growth‐Promoting traits (PGPts‐72) and Community‐Forming traits (CFts‐66). 46 isolates possessed both kinds of traits, of which 20 isolates were chosen based on high Bonitur scale ratings. Based on metabolic diversity, growth rate, and compatibility, 11 isolates were grouped to make a synthetic microbial community (SM). Non‐microbial biostimulants, humic acid (HA) and seaweed extract (SWE) were used, and 0.2% HA and 1% SWE were found to be optimal for bacterial and plant growth. SM integrated each with 0.2% HA and 1% SWE, leading to products SynBio1 (SM + HA) and SynBio2 (SM + SWE). Under microcosm study, SynBio1 and SynBio2 improved germination by 90.10% and 83.80%, respectively. SynBio1 increased chlorophyll content by 40.5 SPAD units, root length by 15.7%, and shoot length by 18.4%. Field level validations revealed that SynBio1 increased plant height by 15.76%, root length by 27.16%, and flag leaf length by 21.35% compared to the control. The grain yield with SynBio1 was 40.41% higher than that of the control. Macro and micronutrient analysis of seeds treated with SynBio1 showed significant improvements. These findings demonstrate the potential of integrating microbial communities with biostimulants, and they pave the way for developing novel bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture and promoting a healthier environment.
Effects of gnotobiotic fermentation on global gene expression of germ‐free vegetables
Authors: Kim Yujin , Sung Hojun , Kim Yeon Bee , Song Hye Seon , Jung Mi‐Ja , Lee Jisu , Lee Min Ji , Lee Se Hee , Roh Seong Woon , Bae Jin‐Woo , Whon Tae Woong
Published: September 2024

Existing research has underscored the vital interplay between host organisms and their associated microbiomes, which affects health and function. In both plants and animals, host factors critically shape microbial communities and influence growth, health, and immunity. Post‐harvest plants, such as those used in kimchi, a traditional Korean dish, offer a unique avenue for exploring host‐microbe dynamics during fermentation. Despite the emphasis on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in fermentation studies, the roles of host factors remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of these factors on plant transcriptomes during kimchi fermentation. We individually inoculated nine LAB strains into germ‐free kimchi to generate LAB‐mono‐associated gnotobiotic kimchi and performed RNA‐sequencing analysis for the host vegetables during fermentation. The transcriptomes of post‐harvest vegetables in kimchi change over time, and microbes affect the transcriptome profiles of vegetables. Differentially expressed gene analyses revealed that microbes affected the temporal expression profiles of several genes in the plant transcriptomes in unique directions depending on the introduced LAB strains. Cluster analysis with other publicly available transcriptomes of post‐harvest vegetables and fruits further revealed that the plant transcriptome is more profoundly influenced by the environment harboring the host than by host phylogeny. Our results bridge the gap in understanding the bidirectional relationship between host vegetables and microbes during food fermentation, illuminating the complex interplay between vegetable transcriptomes, fermentative microbes, and the fermentation process in food production. The different transcriptomic responses elicited by specific LAB strains suggest the possibility of microbial manipulation to achieve the desired fermentation outcomes.
An opinion on adaptive governance and management in water resources restoration projects
Authors: Lima Aline R. , Giglio Ernesto M.
Published: September 2024

This opinion article presents arguments to sustain the inclusion of local actors in the governance and management of water resource restoration projects. There is a lack of knowledge regarding this issue, and we propose that governance and management must be adaptive because of the complexity and constant modification of the local systems. Our proposal has theoretical, methodological, and management impacts on the network governance of local projects. We present a matrix of variables to facilitate research and management plans.
Development of a health literacy scale for COVID‐19 prevention among pregnant women in Thailand
Authors: Panngam Nittaya , Nuntaboot Khanitta , Senahad Nopparat , Mahato Roshan Kumar
Published: September 2024

COVID‐19 infection among pregnant women results in more severe symptoms and higher mortality rates. No comprehensive health literacy for protection against COVID‐19 among pregnant women has been available for general use in Thailand. This cross‐sectional study aimed to develop and examine an instrument for measuring health literacy of prevention COVID‐19 infection among pregnant women (HLS‐P). A total of 321 pregnant women aged older than 20 years were participated in this study, Selected through multistage cluster sampling, between September 2021 and January 2022. Data were collected using structured questions that included sociodemographic characteristics and the health literacy scale for protecting against COVID‐19 (HLS‐P) developed by the researchers. The content and construct validity of the health literacy scale were examined. Exploratory factor analysis performed with principal component analysis and Varimax rotation. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS AMOS 26. The model fitting was evaluated using several indices namely root mean square error of approximation, normed fit index, comparative fit index, and goodness‐of‐fit index. The reliability of the scale was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and item total correlation. As a results of exploratory factor analysis of the scale, 31 items were loaded which indicated a 6‐factors for the scale that collectively explained 62.59% of total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis also indicated a good fit to the six latent structures with root mean square error of approximation 0.03, normed fit index 0.94, comparative fit index 0.97, and goodness‐of‐fit index 0.91. Internal consistency reliability was satisfactory with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.94 and the item‐total correlation between 0.34 and 0.86. The overall scale was sufficiently reliable. As a result, the HLS‐P is a reliable and relevant measure for assessing health literacy in pregnant women. Thus, this scale is profoundly used as an evaluation tool for measuring health literacy among pregnant women, providing critical information for healthcare professionals and policymakers about the health literacy needs and capacity of service receivers.
The cellular and molecular processes of lenticel development during tree stem growth
Authors: Zhong Yu , He Jiajia , Luo Fang , Gui Jinshan , Sun Jiayan , Li Laigeng
Published: September 2024

The lenticel is a channel‐like structure that facilitates oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor exchange on secondary growth tissue, such as a tree stem. Although the structure of lenticel has been described, there is limited understanding regarding the impact of this secondary structure on secondary growth as well as the cellular and metabolic processes underlying its formation. The study reveals the essential role of the lenticel in the process of tree secondary growth and the cellular and metabolic processes that take place during its formation. Under the stomata, lenticel development occurs when cells divide and differentiate into a structure of disconnected cells with air spaces between them. During lenticel formation, specific metabolic pathways and wax biosynthesis are activated. The SERK (somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase) gene controls lenticel density, and serk1serk3serk5 triple mutants enhance lenticel initiation. The findings shed light on the cellular and metabolic processes involved in lenticel formation, laying the groundwork for further mechanistic elucidation of their development, function, and genetic regulation in trees.
Using colorimetric in situ hybridisation method for FcaPV‐2 to estimate postsurgical prognosis in feline Bowenoid in situ carcinoma
Authors: Abramo Francesca , Mazzei Maurizio , Forzan Mario , Giannetti Giorgia , Albanese Francesco , Melchiotti Erica , Zanna Giordana , Vascellari Marta
Published: September 2024

Background

Feline Bowenoid in situ carcinoma (BISC) is frequently associated with Felis catus papillomavirus‐2 (FcaPV‐2). Although surgical excision of BISC is expected to be curative, recurrent lesions are reported and it is not known whether it is a consequence of incomplete surgery or residual viral load.

Objectives

To combine colorimetric in situ hybridisation (CISH) and quantitative (q)PCR for the detection of viral DNA, and to correlate the clinical outcome of cats with BISC in which FcaPV‐2 DNA is detected at surgical margins.

Animals

Twenty‐seven cats with a histopathological diagnosis of BISC.

Materials and Methods

Sections including core and margins of the lesions were used for histopathological evaluation, qPCR and CISH. After surgical removal of the lesion, clinical follow‐up data were recorded for 6 months.

Results

Six of 12 cases in which all four histological margins were evaluable were used to correlate the infection status at the margins with the follow‐up data. Four showed margin positivity, of which half relapsed as expected and half cured; two cases were negative, of which one cured as expected while the other relapsed. Fifteen cases where only three, two or one of the histological margins were evaluable, were considered to adequately correlate the status of infection with the follow‐up data if CISH was positive. Follow‐up data were available for three with positive margins: one relapsed while the other two were cured.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Wide clinical surgical margins are always recommended for neoplastic conditions, yet there was no evidence that CISH margin examination would be beneficial in predicting recurrence in this viral‐induced lesion.
In-cycle evolution of thickness and roughness parameters during oxygen plasma enhanced ZnO atomic layer deposition using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry
Authors: Traouli Yousra , Kilic Ufuk , G. Kilic Sema , Hilfiker Matthew , Schmidt Daniel , Schoeche Stefan , Schubert Eva , Schubert Mathias
Published: September 2024

We investigate the time evolution of ZnO thin film growth in oxygen plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. The recently proposed dynamic-dual-box-model approach [Kilic et al., Sci. Rep. 10, 10392 (2020)] is used to analyze the spectroscopic data post-growth. With the help of this model, we explore the in-cycle surface modifications and reveal the repetitive layer-by-layer growth and surface roughness modification mechanisms during the ZnO ultrathin film deposition. The in situ complex-valued dielectric function of the amorphous ZnO thin film is also determined from the model analysis for photon energies of 1.7–4 eV. The dielectric function is analyzed using a critical point model approach providing parameters for bandgap energy, amplitude, and broadening in addition to the index of refraction and extinction coefficient. The dynamic-dual-box-model analysis reveals the initial nucleation phase where the surface roughness changes due to nucleation and island growth prior to film coalescence, which then lead to the surface conformal layer-by-layer growth with constant surface roughness. The thickness evolution is resolved with Angstrom-scale resolution vs time. We propose this method for fast development of growth recipes from real-time in situ data analysis. We also present and discuss results from x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy to examine crystallographic, chemical, and morphological characteristics of the ZnO film.
Antidoping 2.0: Is Adding Power-Output Data to the Antidoping Pool the Next Step? Experts’ Viewpoint
Authors: Sitko Sebastian , Valenzuela Pedro , Townsend Nathan , Pinotti Marco , Zabala Mikel , Artetxe Xabier , Gallo Gabriele , Mateo-March Manuel , Sanders Dajo , Grappe Frédéric , Clarke David C. , van Erp Teun , Viribay Aitor
Published: September 2024

Background: Efforts are needed to improve antidoping procedures. The widespread use of power meters among cyclists could help in this regard. However, controversy exists on whether performance monitoring through power-output data could be of help for antidoping purposes. Purpose: The objective of the present study was to provide insight into the feasibility and utility of implementing power-based performance monitoring in elite cycling. An expert panel of 15 applied sport scientists and professional cycling coaches were asked for their opinions and perspectives on incorporating power data into the antidoping risk-assessment process. Results: Two different viewpoints were identified from the responses provided by the experts. Some believed that power monitoring could be implemented as an antidoping tool, provided that several surmountable challenges are first addressed. These authors provided suggestions related to the potential practical implementation of such measures. Others, on the contrary, believed that power meters lack sufficient reliability and suggest that the professional cycling world presents conflicts of interest that make this intervention impossible to implement nowadays. Conclusions: The debate around the utility of power-meter data in the antidoping fight has been ongoing for more than a decade. According to the opinions provided by the experts’ panel, there is still no consensus on the real utility and practical implementation of this intervention.
Integrating edTPA into Physical Education Teacher Education: Teacher Educators’ Perceptions and Experiences in Preparing Teacher Candidates
Authors: Olsen Edward B. , Wyant James D. , Tsuda Emi , Laughlin Michael K. , Baxter Deborah S.
Published: September 2024

Purpose: In the United States, 15 states maintain policies and 25 states represent some level of edTPA affiliation. This study investigated how the edTPA was integrated and aligned into different physical education teacher education (PETE) programs in New Jersey. It also sought to understand teacher educators’ perceptions and experiences in preparing teacher candidates for the edTPA. Methods: This study utilized three data sources: semistructured interviews (n = 4), one focus group interview (n = 1), and documents (n = 17). Data analysis reflected a conventional approach toward qualitative content analysis. Results: In analyzing the data, four themes were established: (a) benefits and drawbacks of edTPA in PETE, (b) goals and success of edTPA in PETE, (c) integrating edTPA into PETE—macro- and microperspectives, and (d) analytic insights into edTPA and future recommendations. Discussion/Conclusion: In states requiring the edTPA, early exposure, scaffolding, curriculum mapping, and a shared mission and vision are critical. In states not requiring the edTPA, programs may want to consider indicators of performance, such as artifacts, reports, elements of the edTPA, university-based assessments, or a portfolio. Regardless of the type of assessment, “a” performance-based assessment may help to determine teacher candidates’ ability to plan, instruct, assess, and reflect.
Acute Response of Calcium Lactate Supplementation on the Athletic Performance of Soccer Players Under the Age of 15
Authors: Azevedo Henrique , Azevedo Vitor , Padilha Daniel , Loturco Irineu , Artioli Guilherme , Santos David , Azevedo Paulo
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To determine the acute response of lactate supplementation on athletic performance. Method: Fifteen athletes under the age of 15 performed the following 4 sessions in a nonrandomized order: (1) familiarization, (2) control, (3)  participants ingested calcium lactate (21.5 mg·kg−1 body mass), and (4) participants ingested a placebo (PLA, calcium carbonate, 21.5 mg·kg−1 body mass). The capsules were randomly offered and consumed 60 minutes before the physical tests. To assess the physical performance, the athletes executed squat jump, countermovement squat jump, 20-m linear sprint, change of direction test, and running anaerobic sprint test. Results: There were no significant differences between conditions for squat jump, countermovement jump, change of direction, and minimum power obtained in the running anaerobic sprint test (P > .05). Conversely, we observed a worse performance (P < .05) in the 20-m linear sprint test in the PLA and lactate conditions compared with control (P < .05). The lactate condition worsened performance during running anaerobic sprint test for peak power, mean power, and fatigue index compared with control and PLA (P < .05). Conclusions: Calcium lactate supplementation worsened repetitive running sprint ability and 20-m sprint performance. However, lactate supplementation does not affect jump or agility capacity. Therefore, calcium lactate supplementation seems to be an ineffective strategy to improve anaerobic and neuromuscular performance in soccer players 15 years of age or less.
Modulation of surface response in a single plasmonic nanoresonator
Authors: Zurak Luka , Wolff Christian , Meier Jessica , Kullock René , Mortensen N. Asger , Hecht Bert , Feichtner Thorsten
Published: September 2024

Scattering of light by plasmonic nanoparticles is classically described using bulk material properties with infinitesimally thin boundaries. However, because of the quantum nature of electrons, real interfaces have finite thickness, leading to nonclassical surface effects that influence light scattering in small particles. Electrical gating offers a promising route to control and study these effects, as static screening charges reside at the boundary. We investigate the modulation of the surface response upon direct electrical charging of single plasmonic nanoresonators. By analyzing measured changes in light scattering within the framework of surface response functions, we find the resonance shift well accounted for by modulation of the classical in-plane surface current. Unexpectedly, we also observed a change in the resonance width, indicating reduced losses for negatively charged resonators. This effect is attributed to a nonclassical out-of-plane surface response, extending beyond pure spill-out effects. Our experiments pave the way for electrically driven plasmonic modulators and metasurfaces, leveraging control over nonclassical surface effects.
The coexistence and transition of weak and strong wave turbulences in acoustic broadening
Authors: Chen Wangqiao , Zhong Siyang , Huang Xun
Published: September 2024

This study experimentally demonstrates the coexistence and transition between weak and strong wave turbulence during the interaction of acoustic waves and turbulent flows. We identify conditions under which different wave turbulence regimes occur based on the wave number of the turbulent flow and acoustic waves. As the sound frequency increases, strong wave turbulence dominates, requiring a specific scaling factor to reconcile the spectra with the weak turbulence theory. Our analysis using the wave turbulence framework is confirmed by experimental results, providing deep insights into the complex interaction between acoustics and turbulence.
MAIT cell heterogeneity across paired human tissues reveals specialization of distinct regulatory and enhanced effector profiles
Authors: Kammann Tobias , Cai Curtis , Sekine Takuya , Mouchtaridi Elli , Boulouis Caroline , Nilsén Vera , Ballesteros Olga Rivera , Müller Thomas R. , Gao Yu , Raineri Elisa J. M. , Mily Akhirunnesa , Adamo Sarah , Constantz Christian , Niessl Julia , Weigel Whitney , Kokkinou Efthymia , Stamper Christopher , Marchalot Anne , Bassett John , Ferreira Sabrina , Rødahl Inga , Wild Nicole , Brownlie Demi , Tibbitt Chris , Mak Jeffrey Y. W. , Fairlie David P. , Leeansyah Edwin , Michaelsson Jakob , Marquardt Nicole , Mjösberg Jenny , Jorns Carl , Buggert Marcus , Sandberg Johan K.
Published: September 2024

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional T cells that recognize microbial riboflavin pathway metabolites presented by evolutionarily conserved MR1 molecules. We explored the human MAIT cell compartment across organ donor–matched blood, barrier, and lymphoid tissues. MAIT cell population size was donor dependent with distinct tissue compartmentalization patterns and adaptations: Intestinal CD103
+
resident MAIT cells presented an immunoregulatory CD39
high
CD27
low
profile, whereas MAIT cells expressing NCAM1/CD56 dominated in the liver and exhibited enhanced effector capacity with elevated response magnitude and polyfunctionality. Both intestinal CD39
high
and hepatic CD56
+
adaptations accumulated with donor age. CD56
+
MAIT cells displayed limited T cell receptor–repertoire breadth, elevated MR1 binding, and a transcriptional profile skewed toward innate activation pathways. Furthermore, CD56 was dynamically up-regulated to a persistent steady-state equilibrium after exposure to antigen or IL-7. In summary, we demonstrate functional heterogeneity and tissue site adaptation in resident MAIT cells across human barrier tissues with distinct regulatory and effector signatures.
When a double negative is not a positive: Autoantibodies against IL-10 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Noviello Colleen M.
Published: September 2024

IL-10 autoantibodies are detected in two patients with severe inflammatory bowel disease.
Polymyxins retain
in vitro
activity and
in vivo
efficacy against “resistant”
Acinetobacter baumannii
strains when tested in physiological conditions
Authors: Rubio Jennifer , Yan Jun , Miller Sarah , Cheng Jiaqi , Li Rachel , Builta Zac , Aoyagi Kari , Fisher Mark , She Rosemary , Spellberg Brad , Luna Brian
Published: September 2024

The emergence of plasmid-mediated resistance threatens the efficacy of polymyxins as the last line of defense against pan-drug-resistant infections. However, we have found that using Mueller-Hinton II (MHII), the standard minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) medium, results in MIC data that are disconnected from
in vivo
treatment outcomes. We found that culturing putative colistin-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
clinical isolates, as defined by MICs of >2 mg/L in standard MHII testing conditions, in bicarbonate-containing media reduced MICs to the susceptible range by preventing colistin resistance-conferring lipopolysaccharide modifications from occurring. Furthermore, the lower MICs in bicarbonate-containing media accurately predicted
in vivo
efficacy of a human-simulated dosing strategy of colistin and polymyxin B in a lethal murine infection model for some polymyxin-resistant
A. baumannii
strains. Thus, current polymyxin susceptibility testing methods overestimate the contribution of polymyxin resistance-conferring mutations and incorrectly predict antibiotic activity
in vivo
. Polymyxins may remain a viable therapeutic option against
Acinetobacter baumannii
strains heretofore determined to be “pan-resistant.”