bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New White Light-Emitting Halochromic Stilbenes with Remarkable Quantum Yields and Aggregation-Induced Emission
Authors: Panahi Farhad , Mahmoodi Ali , Ghodrati Sajjad , Ashtiani Ali , Eshghi Fazlolah
Published: November 2021

Highly efficient single-component white light emitters (SWLEs), are attractive candidates for the simple and cost-effective fabrication of high-performance lighting devices. This study introduced a donor–π–acceptor and a donor–π–donor stilbene-based chromophores, representing pH-responsive fluorescence. The emitters showed yellow and green fluorescence in their neutral form. At the same time, protonation of the chromophores caused blue fluorescence color with a strong hypsochromic shift. The white light emission (WLE) for these chromophores was observed at approximately pH=3 due to the simultaneous presence of the neutral and protonated forms of the chromophores, covering almost all the emission spectra in the visible region (400-700 nm). These chromophores presented exceptional white light quantum yields (Φ) between 31-54%, which was desirable for producing white light-emitting devices. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD)-DFT were applied to study the structural and electronic properties of the chromophores.
LRRK2 Deficiency Protects Hearts from Myocardial Infarction Injury in Mice via the P53/HMGB1 Pathway
Authors: Liu Yuan , Chen Changgui , Chen Lu , Pei Xiaoxin , Tao Zekai , Xu Yawei , Li Ran
Published: November 2021

Purpose: LRRK2 is a Ser/Thr kinase with multiple functional domains. Current studies have shown that its mutations are closely related to hereditary Parkinson's disease. However, its role in cardiovascular disease, especially in myocardial infarction, is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the functional role of LRRK2 in myocardial infarction. Methods: Wild-type and LRRK2 knockout mice were subjected to coronary artery ligation (left anterior descent) to establish a myocardial infarction mouse model. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia to induce hypoxia injury in vitro. Results: We found increased LRRK2 expression levels in the infarct periphery of mouse hearts and hypoxic cardiomyocytes. LRRK2-deficient mice exhibited a decreased death rate and reduced infarction area compared to the wild-type controls 14 days after infarction. LRRK2-deficient mice showed reduced left ventricular fibrosis and inflammatory response, as well as improved cardiac function. In the in vitro study, LRRK2 silencing decreased the cleaved-caspase3 activity, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and diminished hypoxia-induced inflammation. However, LRRK2 overexpression enhanced the cleaved-caspase3 activity, increased the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, and caused remarkable hypoxia-induced inflammation. When exploring the related underlying mechanisms, we found that hypoxia induced an increase in HIFα expression, which enhanced LRRK2 expression. LRRK2 induced high expression of HMGB1 via P53. When blocking HMGB1 using the anti-HMGB1 antibody, the deteriorating effects caused by LRRK2 overexpression following hypoxia were inhibited in cardiomyocytes.Conclusions: In summary, LRRK2 deficiency protects hearts from myocardial infarction injury. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon involves the P53-HMGB1 pathway.
Yellow Light Decision Based On Driving Style: Day Or Night？
Authors: Wang Xuan , Mao Yan , Xiong Jing Jing , He Wu
Published: November 2021

Drivers' driving decisions at yellow lights are an important cause of accidents at intersections. According to previous studies driving style is an important basis for deciding whether a driver passes a yellow light or not. This study therefore aims to investigate the effect of different driving styles on driving decisions at yellow lights under different lighting conditions. In this paper, 64 licensed drivers were recruited to study the effect of different driving styles on the decision to drive through yellow lights under both daytime and nighttime lighting conditions using a driving simulator and a VR device. The results showed that maladjusted drivers were faster and more likely to pass the yellow light than adapted drivers (81.25% > 43.75%) in both day and night. Male drivers had higher overall driving style scores than female drivers, and male drivers were faster and more likely to pass a yellow light than female drivers (56.25% > 31.25%). The study also found that inexperienced drivers were faster and more likely to pass a yellow light than experienced drivers (50% > 37.5%). Overall, maladjusted drivers are more likely to pass yellow lights, and we can improve this situation by enhancing driving learning for maladjusted drivers.
Investigation of the Optimal Mouthpiece Material for Proton Therapy of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Suzuka Masaaki , Mori Takashi , Yamano Shigeru , Takeuchi Akiko , Shima Tomoka , Yasuda Koichi , Kinoshita Yurika , Minatogawa Hideki , Dekura Yasuhiro , Tomita Masayoshi , Aoyama Hidefumi , Minowa Kazuyuki
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To investigate how the materials of mouthpieces used for proton therapy of head and neck cancer affect the dose distribution in surrounding normal tissue by focusing on the CT values of the materials.Methods: Six dental materials were used to measure CT values: temporary relining resin, tissue conditioner, vinyl polysiloxane, thermoplastic ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer splint, silicone rubber impression material, and a composite impression material. Among these materials, three of the dental materials were investigated further: one material with the CT value closest to water, and the materials with the highest and lowest CT values. Based on these results, we investigated the effect of the CT value of the mouthpiece on the dose distribution in 17 cases in which a mouthpiece was used during proton therapy for head and neck cancers, the treatment plans were recalculated by changing the CT values of the mouthpiece to that of the three identified dental materials. For each cancer case, the irradiation dose to normal tissue was calculated for the treatment plans. The evaluation indices were set to the mandible max dose (GyE), the mandible mean dose (GyE), the volume of the mandible irradiated above 60 GyE (mandible V-60GyE), the parotid affected side mean dose (GyE), the parotid unaffected side mean dose (GyE), and the oral mean dose (GyE). The Wilcoxon’s rank sum test was used to analyze the significance of the differences between treatment plans.Results: The temporary relining resin with the CT value closest to water was 36.9 HU, the vinyl polysiloxane with the highest CT value was 985 HU, and the thermoplastic ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer splint with the lowest CT value was -89.7 HU. The maximum absolute difference among the treatment plans per case was 4.18 GyE for the oral mean dose. The radiation dose for the evaluation indices did not differ significantly among the treatment plans. Conclusion: In the range of CT values from -89.7 HU to 985.0 HU covered in this study, the effect of the CT value of the mouthpiece on the dose distribution may be considered to have no clinical impact.
Time-To-Antibiotics and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Prospective Nationwide Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Im Yunjoo , Kang Danbee , Ko Ryoung-Eun , Lee Yeon Joo , Lim Sung Yoon , Park Sunghoon , Na Soo Jin , Chung Chi Ryang , Park Mi Hyeon , Oh Dong Kyu , Lim Chae-Man , Suh Gee Young
Published: November 2021

Background
It is unclear whether the administration of antibiotics within 1 hour could improve patient outcomes in sepsis, and whether the association of time to antibiotics administration and clinical outcomes are different for sepsis and septic shock.
Methods
This study analyzed prospectively collected data from an ongoing multicenter cohort of patients with sepsis identified in the emergency department. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were compared for in-hospital mortality of patients who had received antibiotics within 1 h to that of those who did not. Spline regression models were used to assess the association of time-to-antibiotics as continuous variables and increasing risk of in-hospital mortality. The differences in the association between time-to-antibiotics and in-hospital mortality were assessed according to the presence of septic shock.
Results
Overall, 3,035 patients were included in the analysis. Among them, 601 (19.8%) presented with septic shock, and 774 (25.5%) died. The adjusted OR for in-hospital mortality of patients whose time-to-antibiotics was within 1 h was 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61–0.99; p=0.046). The adjusted OR for in-hospital mortality was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.44–0.99; p=0.049) and statistically significant in patients with septic shock, whereas it was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.64–1.15; p=0.300) in patients with sepsis but without shock. Among patients who received antibiotics within 3 h, those with septic shock showed 35% (p=0.042) increased risk of mortality for every 1-h delay in antibiotics, but no such trend was observed in patients without shock.
Conclusion
Timely administration of antibiotics improved outcomes in patients with septic shock; however, the association between early antibiotic administration and outcome was not as clear in patients with sepsis without shock.
Microstrip Based Pressure Sensor Antenna for Harsh Environment Applications
Authors: Alebachew Muhabaw Amare , Nayak Anil Kumar , Patnaik Amalendu
Published: November 2021

this paper is studied on a microstrip based pressure sensor for harsh environment applications which can sensing at a distance. A microstrip based pressure sensor for harsh environment was investigated with good results by using Rogers’s 3210 substrate material with a dielectric constant of 10.2, 1.28mm thickness and 2.4 GHz resonant frequency, and also both the patch side and the ground side are made from copper metal. The simulation of a proposed antenna was designed and tested by using HFSS software, the result of the designed antenna’s resonance frequency is inversely proportional with the displacement gap of the reflection plate and an antenna. The operating principles of this sensor, when a pressure (load) is applied on the reflection metal plate, the distance will decrease from the reflection plate and the resonant frequency will increase. Therefore, the applied pressure (load) can determined by measuring the changing resonance frequencies. Certainly, the simulation and the experimental results of performances and validates are clearly discussed.
The Expression of HPV E6/E7 mRNA in Situ Hybridization in HPV Typing-negative Cervical Cancer
Authors: Xu Yating , Sun Yonghong , Chang Hui , Cai Jingjing , Cao Chengcheng , Zhang Baogang , Zhang Youzhong , Liu Yuzhen
Published: November 2021

Background: High-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) persistent infection is the major tumorigenesis factor for cervical cancer (CC) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). However, the incidence of HPV-negative CC is approximately 5%-30% with different HPV detection methods. HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA in situ hybridization (RISH) can detect HPV-driven tumours. Our study aimed to explore whether HPV typing-negative CC was caused by HPV infection.Methods: The records of CC patients with HPV typing results who had undergone cervical biopsies, cervical conization or hysterectomies were collected from April 2018 to September 2021 at the Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University. RISH was detected using RNAscope chromogenicin in the tissues of patients with CC. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to evaluate the expression of p16INK4a and Ki67. CC patients with positive HPV typing in the same period were collected as controls.Results: A total of 308 women with HPV typing results were enrolled, and 30 (9.74%) cases of HPV typing were negative, including 22/30 (73.3%) cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 8/30 (26.7%) cases of adenocarcinoma. In the CC patients who were HPV typing-negative, 28/30 (93.3%) were positive for RISH and p16INK4a block+ staining, which contained 22/22 (100%) SCCs and 6/8 (75%) adenocarcinomas. RISH was positive in 278/278 (100%) HPV typing-positive CCs, which included 232/232 (100%) SCCs and 46/46 (100%) adenocarcinomas. While 273/278 (98.2%) showed p16INK4a block+ staining, the five negative cases were SCC. Positive RISH in HPV typing-negative CC was significantly lower than in the HPV typing-positive group (P=0.002, 95% CI: 0.848-1.027). However, this significant difference only existed in adenocarcinoma, and positive RISH in HPV typing-negative SCC was the same as in the HPV typing-positive group. No significant differences were seen in the expression of p16INK4a and Ki67 (P=0.291, 95% CI: 0.863-1.047 and P=0.174, 95% CI: 0.905-1.033).Conclusions: HPV typing may cause misdiagnosis in 9.74% of CC patients, and HPV E6/E7 mRNA can detect the majority of CC with HPV-related status even in HPV typing-negative patients. This approach could provide a novel option to accurately detect HR-HPVs in cervical tumours and help to eliminate the percentage of misdiagnosed HPV-related cases.
PEG-Asparaginase Single-Agent Rescue in an Advanced Case of Monomorphic Epitheliotropic Intestinal T-Cell Lymphoma.
Authors: Barbieri Emiliano , Pozzi Stefano , Gelmini Roberta , Roncati Luca , Maccaferri Monica , Potenza Leonardo , Marasca Roberto , Luppi Mario , Leonardi Giovanna
Published: November 2021

MEITL is a very rare and highly aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphoma with poor prognosis and for which there is no standard treatment. Patients with relapsed/refractory disease have few treatment options and many still die of disease progression. Here we report the case of a 65-year-old woman affected by MEITL, progressing after initial treatment with an anthracycline-based chemotherapy and surgery, who received single-agent PEG-asparaginase salvage therapy at our institution. The treatment proved to be rapidly effective in controlling the disease and its associated paraneoplastic features. Nevertheless, toxicity was high and the patient died due to a treatment-related complication. The case we described brings new evidences on the effectiveness of PEG-asparaginase therapy in MEITL patients. Whether PEG-asparaginase should be included in the treatment course of MEITL patients could be the subject of future studies.
Effect of Hyaluronic Acid on Cytokines and Immune Cells Change in Patients of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Jin Lixia , Xu Kangli , Liang Yun , Du Peng , Wan Shengcheng , Jiang Chang
Published: November 2021

Purpose To evaluate the changes of cytokines and immune cells after Intra-articular hyaluronic acid（IAHA）injections in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Patients and Methods Sixteen patients were included in the study, with a total of 63 IAHA injections. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and Lysholm scores were evaluated at each visit. The immune cells and 14 cytokines of synovial fluid were analyzed at each visit. The association between immune cells and cytokines were examined Results IL-6 and IL-8 were the most common cytokines in the synovial fluid of KOA patients. The synovial fluid was orchestrated by macrophages (69%) and Lymphocytes (18%). Neutrophils were less to count of the total cell population (<2%). The cytokines decreased significantly after the first injection and then tended to be stable. Lymphocytes increased a lot, while Macrophages decreased in the early stage, then increased after multiple injections. The proposition of M1 decreased in the early stage, then increased after multiple injections, while M2 increased consistently. M1 and M2 were positively associated with IL-6 and IL-8.Conclusion The synovial fluid of KOA patients was orchestrated by macrophages (69%) and Lymphocytes (18%) and cytokines like IL-6 and IL-8. IAHA may play an anti-inflammatory functional role through the decreased production of IL-6 and IL-8 by macrophages through polarization. The results from this study provided new evidence for IAHA treatment in KOA patients, and therapies targeting pathogenic cytokines and immune cells might be used to attenuate the knee joint inflammation and release pain.Trial registrationChiCTR2100050133; date registered 17 August 2021.
Lupus Nephritis Correlates with B-Cell Interferon-β, Anti-Smith, and Anti-DNA: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Alduraibi Fatima , Fatima Huma , Hamilton Jennie , Chatham W.Winn , Hsu Hui-Chen , Mountz John
Published: November 2021

Background: In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), detection of interferon-β (IFNβ)in B cells was found to be most prominent in patients with high anti-Smith (Sm) and renal disease, but a mechanistic connection was not clear. The objective of the present study is to determine the association of IFNβ in peripheral blood naïve B cells with the histopathological features of lupus nephritis (LN).Methods: The percentage of IFNβ+ cells in IgD+CD27− naïve CD19+ B cells (B-cell IFNβ) among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 80 SLE patients were analyzed using flow cytometry. Serological and clinical data were collected. The correlations of B-cell IFNβ with LN classification and with histopathological findings (light, electron and immunofluorescence [IF] microscopic analyses for deposition of IgM, IgG, IgA, C1q, and C3) were determined in 23 available biopsy specimens.Results: B-cell IFNβ is positively associated with anti-Sm (p = 0.001), anti-DNA (p = 0.010), and LN (p = 0.001), but was negatively associated with oral/nasal ulcer (p = 0.003) and photosensitivity (p = 0.045). B-cell IFNβ positively correlated with immune complex (IC) deposit in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) (p = 0.002) but not in the mesangial (p = 0.107) or tubular region (p = 0.313). Patients with high B-cell IFNβ had statistically increased development of the proliferative LN (Classes III, IV and/or V), compared to patients with low B-cell IFNβ (p < 0.0001). Histopathological features positively associated with increased B-cell IFNβ included active glomerular lesions as determined by fibrocellular crescents (p = 0.023), chronic glomerular lesions indicated by segmental sclerosis (p = 0.033), and a membranous pattern of renal damage indicated by spike/holes (p = 0.015).Conclusion: B-cell IFNβ correlates with severe LN, glomerular basement membrane (GBM) IC deposition, and anatomical features of both active and chronic glomerular lesions.
Addressing catastrophic forgetting for medical domain expansion
Authors: Gupta Sharut , Singh Praveer , Chang Ken , Qu Liangqiong , Aggarwal Mehak , Arun Nishanth , Vaswani Ashwin , Raghavan Shruti , Agarwal Vibha , Gidwani Mishka , Hoebel Katharina , Patel Jay , Lu Charles , Bridge Christopher , Chen Jimmy , Chan R. V. Paul , Chiang Michael , Campbell John , Rubin Daniel , Kalpathy-Cramer Jayashree
Published: November 2021

Model brittleness is a key concern when deploying deep learning models in real-world medical settings. A model that has high performance at one dataset may suffer a significant decline in performance when tested at on different datasets. While pooling datasets from multiple hospitals and re-training may provide a straightforward solution, it is often infeasible and may compromise patient privacy. An alternative approach is to fine-tune the model on subsequent datasets after training on the original dataset. Notably,this approach degrades model performance at the original datasets, a phenomenon known as catastrophic forgetting. In this paper, we develop an approach to address catastrophic forgetting based on elastic weight consolidation combined with modulation of batch normalization statistics under three scenarios: 1) for expanding the domain from one imaging system’s data to another imaging system’s 2) for expanding the domain from a large multi-hospital dataset to another single hospital dataset 3) for expanding the domain from dataset from one geographic region to a dataset from another geographic region. Focusing on the clinical uses cases of mammographic breast density detection and retinopathy of prematurity stage diagnosis, we show that our approach outperforms several other state-of-the-art approaches and provide theoretical justification for the efficacy of batch normalization modulation. The results of this study are generally applicable to the deployment of any clinical deep learning model which requires domain expansion.
Growth in Infants, Children and Adolescents with Unilateral and Bilateral Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Brunner Maria de las Mercedes Ruiz , Cuestas Eduardo , Heinen Florian , Schroeder Andreas Sebastian
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE: To compare growth patterns during infancy, childhood and adolescence in children with unilateral and bilateral cerebral palsy (CP) phenotype and to assess the association with gross motor impairment, dysphagia and gestational age. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 389 children with CP from a single center population in Munich, Germany. 1536 measurements of height and weight were tabulated and z-scored from 6 to 180 months of age. Generalized linear mixed model were used to examine the association between growth, GMFCS, dysphagia and gestational age by CP phenotype. RESULTS: Children with unilateral CP tend to grow similarly to their typically developed peers. In the main effect model, bilateral CP phenotype was significantly associated with decreased mean z-scores for height (β[95% CI] = -0.953 [-1.145, -0.761], p < 0.001), weight (−0.999 [−1.176, −0.807], p < 0.001) and BMI (β[95% CI] = −0.437 [−0.799, −0.075]), compared with unilateral CP phenotype.This association remained significant in the interaction models. The height-for-age z-scores, weight-for-age decreased z-scores and BMI-for-age z-scores of children with bilateral CP and GMFCS III–V or dysphagia decreased more significantly than those of children with unilateral CP. Preterm birth was not significantly associated with decreased growth in height, weight and BMI.CONCLUSION: Reduced growth in children with bilateral CP was strongly associated with moderate to severe impairment in gross motor function (GMFCS III–V) and dysphagia.
Enhancement of the haemostatic effect of platelets in the presence of high normal concentrations of von Willebrand factor
Authors: Hermann Goetz , Blum Andrea , Bolliger Daniel , Achermann Rita , Estermann Anna , Gebhard Caroline , Henn Anne , Huber Jan , Singh Jasprit , Todorov Atanas , Zehnder Tatjana Stefanie , Zellweger Nuria , Buser Andreas , Tsakiris Dimitrios , Hollinger Alexa , Siegemund Martin
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a key protein mediating platelet adhesion on the surface of damaged endothelia. To the best of our knowledge, no trial exists that investigated the effect of platelet transfusion in combination with the administration of balanced vWF in severe blood loss, despite being widely used in clinical practice. The Basel Will-Plate study will investigate the impact of timely administration of balanced vWF (1:1 vWF and FVIII) in addition to platelet transfusion on need for blood and coagulation factor transfusion in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) who suffer from severe bleeding. The study hypothesis is based on the assumption that by adding balanced vWF to platelets will reduce the overall need of transfusion of blood products compared to transfusion of platelets alone. Methods and Analysis: The Will-Plate study is an investigator-initiated, single-centre, double-blinded randomised controlled clinical trial in 120 critically ill patients needing platelet transfusion. The primary outcome measure will be the number of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and red blood cell (RBC) transfusions according to groups. Secondary outcome measures include number of platelet concentrates transfused within the first 48 h after treatment of study medication, quantity of blood loss in the first 48 hours after treatment with the study medication, length of stay in ICU and hospital, number of revision surgeries for haemorrhage control, ICU mortality, hospital mortality, 30-day mortality and one-year mortality. Patients will be followed after 30 days and 1 year for activities of daily living and mortality assessment. Sample size was calculated to detect a 50% reduction of the number of blood products subsequently transfused within two days in patients with Wilate® compared to placebo. Ethics and dissemination: This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Northwestern and Central Switzerland and will be conducted in compliance with the protocol, the current version of the Declaration of Helsinki, the ICH-GCP or ISO EN 14155 (as far as applicable) as well as all national legal and regulatory requirements. Study results will be presented in international conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. Trials registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04555785 Protocol version: Clinical Study Protocol Version 2, 01.11.2020
Course of long COVID symptoms over time in the ComPaRe long COVID prospective e-cohort
Authors: Tran Viet-Thi , Porcher Raphael , Pane Isabelle , Ravaud Philippe
Published: November 2021

About 10% of people infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 experience post COVID-19 disease. We analysed data from 968 adult patients (5350 person-months) with a confirmed infection enrolled in the ComPaRe long COVID cohort, a disease prevalent prospective e-cohort of such patients in France. Day-by-day prevalence of post COVID-19 symptoms was determined from patients’ responses to the Long COVID Symptom Tool, an online validated self-reported questionnaire assessing 53 post COVID-19 disease symptoms. One year after symptom onset, 84.9% patients still reported their persistence, with a progressively lower prevalence of 27/53 symptoms (e.g., loss of taste/smell); 18/53 symptoms (e.g., dyspnoea) were stable, while the prevalence of 8/53 symptoms (e.g., paraesthesia) had increased. The disease impact on patients’ lives began increasing 6 months after onset, as patients realized they had a chronic disease. Our results should be useful for researchers seeking the potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying post COVID-19 disease.
UV Absorption by Silicate Cloud Precursors in Ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-178b
Authors: Lothringer Joshua , Sing David , Rustamkulov Zafar , Wakeford Hannah , Stevenson Kevin , Nikolov Nikolay , Lavvas Panayotis , Spake Jessica , Winch Autumn
Published: November 2021

Aerosols have been found to be nearly ubiquitous in substellar atmospheres. Evidence for the composition and conditions whereby these aerosols form remains limited (Cushing et al. 2006, Saumon & Marley 2008, Burningham 2021). Theoretical models and observations of muted spectral features suggest that silicate clouds play an important role in exoplanets between at least 950 and 2,100 K (Gao et al. 2020). However, some giant planets are thought to be hot enough to avoid condensation of even the most refractory elements (Lothringer et al. 2018, Kitzmann et al. 2018). Here, we present the near-UV transmission spectrum of an ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-178b (~2,450 K), that exhibits significant NUV absorption indicating the presence of gaseous refractory elements in the middle atmosphere. This short-wavelength absorption is among the largest spectral features ever observed in an exoplanet in terms of atmospheric scale heights. Bayesian retrievals indicate the broadband UV feature on WASP-178b is caused by refractory elements including silicon and magnesium bearing species, which are the precursors to condensate clouds at lower temperatures. Silicon in particular has not been detected in exoplanets before, but the presence of SiO in WASP-178b is consistent with theoretical expectation as the dominant Si-bearing species at high temperatures. These observations allow us to re-interpret previous observations of HAT-P-41b and WASP-121b to suggest that silicate cloud formation begins on exoplanets with equilibrium temperatures between 1,950 and 2,350 K.
Functional connectivity alteration of the deprived auditory regions with cognitive networks in deaf and inattentive adolescents
Authors: Li Jianhong , Men Weiwei , Gao Jia-Hong , Wang Yang , Qu Xiaoxia , Zhu David Chao Dong , Xian Junfang
Published: November 2021

Adolescents with early profound deafness may present with distractibility and inattentiveness. The brain mechanisms underlying these attention impairments remain unclear. We performed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the functional connectivity of the superior temporal and transverse temporal gyri in 25 inattentive adolescents with bilateral prelingual profound deafness, and compared the results with those of 27 age-matched normal controls. Pearson and Spearman’s rho correlation analyses were used to investigate the correlations of altered functional connectivity with the attention scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, years of deafness, sign language, and hearing aid usage. Compared with normal controls, prelingual profound deafness demonstrated mainly decreased resting-state functional connectivity between the deprived auditory regions and several other brain functional networks, including the attention control, language comprehension, default-mode, and sensorimotor networks. Moreover, we also found enhanced resting-state functional connectivity between the deprived auditory cortex and salience network. These results indicate a negative impact of early hearing loss on the attentional and other high cognitive networks, and the use of sign language and hearing aids normalized the participants’ connectivity between the primary auditory cortex and attention networks, which is crucial for the early intervention and clinical care of deaf adolescents.
The X-ray plateau phase of gamma-ray burst originating from an expanding shell with a Lorentz factor of a few tens
Authors: Dereli-Bégué Hüsne , Pe'er Asaf , Ryde Felix , Oates Sam R. , Zhang Bing , Dainotti Maria
Published: November 2021

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are one of the most energetic explosions known in the Universe and are also known to have the most relativistic jets, with initial expansion Lorentz factors of $100< \Gamma_i <1000$ \cite{KP91, Fenimore+93, WL95, LS01, ZLB11, Zou+11, Racusin+11}. Many of these objects have a plateau in their early X-ray light curves (up to thousands of seconds) \cite{Nousek+06, OBrien+06, Zhang+06, Liang+07, Srinivasaragavan+20}. In this phase, the X-ray flux decreases much slower than theoretically expected \cite{MR93} which has puzzled the community for many years. Here, we show that the observed signal during this phase in both the X-ray and the optical bands is naturally obtained within the classical GRB “fireball” model, provided that (i) the initial Lorentz factor of the relativistically expanding jet is of the order of a few tens, rather than a few hundreds, as is often cited in the literature, and (ii) the expansion occurs into a medium-low density “wind” with density typically 3-4 orders of magnitude below the expectation from a Wolf-Rayet star \cite{CL99}. Within this framework, the end of the “plateau” phase (the beginning of the regular afterglow) marks the transition from the coasting phase to the self-similar expansion phase, which follows the scaling laws first derived by Blandford \& McKee.\cite{BM76}. This result therefore implies that the long GRB progenitors are either (i) not Wolf-Rayet stars, or (ii) the properties of the wind ejected by these stars prior to their final explosion are very different than the properties of the wind ejected at earlier times. This result shows that the range of Lorentz factors in GRB jets is much wider than previously thought, and bridges an observational ‘gap’ between mildly relativistic jets\cite{Ghisellini1993} inferred in active galactic nuclei, $\Gamma_i\lesssim 20$, to the much higher Lorentz factors, $\Gamma_i\lesssim 1000$ inferred in a few extreme GRBs\cite{Racusin+11}.
SPECULATIONS ON THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET OF UKRAINE
Authors: Bychenko D.
Published: November 2021

The foreign exchange market gives a great impetus to economic development and is one of the most critical parts of the financial market. The global daily turnover in the foreign exchange markets (FOREX) has exceeded USD 6.7 billion. At the same time, speculation in the markets gives a qualitative impetus to its development. Of course, it can partially destabilize the situation with quotations due to their ignorance, but in most cases, it is also helpful for the general state of the market. These concepts were studied by the founder of modern economics - J. Keynes, and foreign scientists M. Poyarliev and J. Levych, and Ukrainian scientists also did not bypass this issue. They considered more the peculiarities of the development of the foreign exchange market of Ukraine and the basics of its regulation. Furthermore, only a few considered the process of hedging currency risks and, in part, speculation.
The primary purpose of this article is to study the role of speculation in the foreign exchange market of Ukraine and assess their impact on the foreign exchange market development in recent years. We have achieved this goal, namely to consider the main trends of the foreign exchange market in the last three years. On the positive side, Ukraine has already moved away from maintaining the exchange rate, and the NBU is trying to accumulate certain reserves. It is not easy to trace the positive dynamics in the foreign exchange market development due to the impact of pandemic-related lockdowns. There is a noticeable tendency in the market to devalue the Ukrainian hryvnia. We will also consider the types of traders and their main strategies. Pay special attention to care trade and momentum as the most profitable in the foreign exchange market. The core trade is based on the investor's desire to benefit from the difference in interest rates on different currencies, taking into account the risks. The moment is already based on technical analysis from the trader to decide to invest. This study will be helpful for both students and researchers studying financial markets, especially the foreign exchange market. Perhaps ordinary citizens of Ukraine will take it into account and expand their knowledge in the field of investment and trading in currency pairs because a similar article that would it did not concern the Ukrainian market, which is the value of this work.
FORENSIC ACCOUNTING: CONCEPTS AND PROSPECTS OF APPLICATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Dunaev M. , Plikus I. , Otroshchenko L. , Zhukova T.
Published: November 2021

The development of the economy, the consolidation of companies, and their activities lead to increased threats and risks associated with their operation. One of the biggest problems in this direction is the emergence of facts of corporate fraud; it is corporate crimes that pose a real and serious threat to the stability of any business. Fraud and theft of tangible property can lead to significant financial losses. Therefore, it is crucial to implement measures to prevent, detect and investigate financial crimes and respond immediately to illegal actions. The purpose of writing this article is to reveal the essential characteristics of the concept of "forensic accounting" to justify its use by businesses in Ukraine to prevent fraud. The article notes that after large-scale fraudulent schemes, corruption and financial fraud, the need for forensic accounting has increased both worldwide and in Ukraine, as evidenced by the interest of practitioners and the scientific community in the definitions of "forensic accounting" analyzed using Google Ngram Viewer (GNV) and provides economic crime statistics. An analysis of the existing definitions of "forensic accounting" and noted that some experts identify the concept of "forensic accounting" with "forensic audit". It is emphasized that forensic accounting is a set of control system measures, which, on the one hand, are aimed at preventing illegal actions committed by company officials, as well as to stop the abuse of office. On the other hand - they are aimed at investigating fraud, resulting from which the company's reputation was caused damage or significant financial losses. The comparative characteristics of audit and "forensic accounting" are given. It turns out that forensic accounting is an independent service in the system of expert services. The necessity of its development and application by business entities in Ukraine is substantiated. The main directions of forensic accounting are outlined, among which the prevention and investigation of fraud, support in court proceedings, corporate forecasting, IT investigations, compliance with anti-corruption legislation are highlighted.
Formation of innovative tools for economic policy in the context of the global economic crisis development in Ukraine 2019-2020
Authors: Dyachenko Anna V. , Karintseva Alexandra I. , Tarasenko Svetlana V. , Kharchenko Mykola O. , Mazin Yurii O. , Kisilova Ksenia S.
Published: November 2021

The paper provides an overview of the largest economic crises of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries ("Great Depression", crisis of 2008). Indicators for assessing economic crises are systematized. The main indicators characterizing economic crises are highlighted: the exchange rate, GDP, inflation, with the help of which the study of the 2019-2020 crisis was carried out.
Fluctuations of stock indices of the main countries of the world and changes in the exchange rate of Ukraine; the rate of growth of world GDP; the inflationary processes in the world and in Ukraine are characterized.
The recession at the beginning of 2020, due to both economic transformations and the COVID-19 pandemic, does not have unambiguous development forecasts. This is primarily due to the presence of a significant human factor in the course of this recession. Fiscal and monetary measures of countries, international organizations are the main instruments for overcoming the crisis. Crisis 2019-2020 forms both negative and positive economic phenomena. One of the most important positive phenomena is the growth of competition and the formation of demand for basic innovations of the sixth technological order, the introduction of which will significantly increase the competitiveness of goods and services of Ukrainian companies in the international space.
The directions of response to the deployment of the 2019-2020 crisis in Ukraine are proposed.
Memorialization of the Past through Artistic Forms: Rememberance of the Partisan Movement during and after Yugoslavia
Authors: Vasiljević Jelena
Published: November 2021

In memory studies, the importance of textualization and visualization (cultural mediation) of the socially shared memories of the past is particularly emphasized. However, while the accent is on the issues of the reasons for some representations to become dominant in relation to others, why the preferred images of the past change over time, as well as of the circumstances and actors that facilitate these changes in the choice and representation of the “desirable” past, less attention is paid to the change in the dominant media through which these images are transferred. This paper examines the reasons behind certain socio-political circumstances and historical periods that render particularly relevant some artistic forms in collective representations of the shared past. Can the artistic forms themselves, as the media of transfer of the messages from the past, testify of the socio-historical function of collective memory, as well as of the society that “addresses” its past in this manner? Aiming for the affirmative answer to this question, the text discusses the favoured artistic expressions of the memory of the World War II in three chronological segments in the socialist Yugoslavia and after its collapse, when the memory is 1) marked and institutionalized as the narrative of the partisans’ struggle and victory; 2) disputed and reshaped as the “dissident” narrative; and 3) taken over from the former official memory and transformed into a form of social-cultural critique.
Don Juan in Search of Identity in the Play "La Nuit de Valognes" by Éric-Emanuel Schmitt
Authors: Bjelić Nikola
Published: November 2021

The first play by the contemporary French writer Éric-Emanuel Schmitt, The Night in Valognes (La Nuit de Valognes, 1989), represents a completely new interpretation of the myth originating from the 17th century, and celebrated in the writings of many subsequent authors, from Tirso de Molina, over Molière and Mozart, to Ballester and Handke. The play is situated in a castle in northern France, taking place some thirty years after the well-known adventures of Don Juan, and represents a trial organized by five women, his former lovers. However, the penalty – to marry his last victim, is not executed. The aim of the paper is to argue that in this humorous philosophical play, written by the end of the 20th century, Schmitt is not interested in the problem of seduction, represented in the classical myth, but in the quest of the main character for his identity. His hero does not give the answer to the key question: “Who am I?”, but instead poses the question if our sexual identities are solid and unchangeable. The hero’s search for identity is presented as the quality of contemporary man, re-examining his sexuality through search for love, as well as homosexuality, hinted at in the play as one possible modern identity of Don Juan.
Geoelectrical Survey for Evaluation of Groundwater Potential Within the Basaltic Terrain of Chikotra River Basin, Maharashtra (India)
Authors: Tahama Khan , Gupta Gautam , Patil J. D.
Published: November 2021

Geoelectrical data was acquired using Wenner array over 23 sites with constant electrode separation of 70 m over Chikotra Basin, Dist. Kolhapur, Maharashtra (India). The spatial variation maps of resistivity at depths from 2 to 70 m were plotted using Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) technique for interpolation in ArcGIS 10.5 to obtain a comprehensive subsurface hydrogeological representation of the study area. High resistivity (>140 Ωm) up to 20m depth, indicative of massive basalts is deciphered towards the NE part of the study area, while the NW sector reveal low resistive (up to 40 Ωm) feature at shallow depths due to fractured basalts, thus conducive for groundwater exploration. Alluvium deposits and columnar jointed basalts in the central part depicts as EW trending conductive (< 30 Ωm) feature suggesting prospective groundwater zone. Low resistivity (6-50 Ωm) from shallow to deeper depths (up to 70m), in the southern region can be identified as potential aquifer system. Longitudinal geoelectric cross-sections are generated over four profiles to identify the lateral and vertical variation in geology and groundwater potential zones. The western and central part of the northern profile (A-A') is highly resistive with resistivity of the order of 80-140 Ωm constituting compact basalts and thus devoid of water. Low resistive zone (30 Ωm) in the eastern part suggests groundwater at shallow depths. Low resistivity zones ranging from 10-50 Ωm is observed at different depth levels over the central profile (B-B') which can be tapped for groundwater exploitation. Several sites over profiles C-C' and the southern-most D-D' suggest promising aquifer zones. Because defining prospective groundwater zones in hard rock terrain is difficult, it’s crucial to look into a river basin’s hydrogeological arrangement early on in the planning process.
An Eco-Friendly Proposal by Integrating Chromatographic Fingerprinting and Multivariate Control Chart in a Non-Target Analysis to Evaluate Grape Juices from Different Farming Practices
Authors: Valderrama Leonardo , Demczuk Jr. Bogdan , Valderrama Patrícia , Carasek Eduardo
Published: November 2021

A potential eco-friendly method without organic solvents is presented by integrating a chromatographic fingerprint and multivariate control chart based on Q residuals to differentiate grape juices from different farming practices. The sample preparation was only water dilution, and the mobile phase was water acidified with sulfuric acid, which can be readily neutralized before its disposal. The proposed method is shown to be a simple way to distinguish between organic and non-organic grape juices in a non-target way, successfully evaluating an external validation data set, where organic and non-organic samples were correctly assigned. Through the chromatographic profile, it is possible to suggest that one of the species responsible for this distinction may be from the anthocyanins class.
Depression, Anxiety and Stress Levels among Chronic Disease Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic in Dessie Town Hospitals, Ethiopia
Authors: Addis Sisay Gedamu , Nega Abebe Dires , Miretu Debrnesh Goshiye
Published: November 2021

Introduction:

Coronavirus disease 2019 was first detected in China in December 2019. In Ethiopia, depression, anxiety, and stress levels of chronic disease patients were not known during COVID-19. Thus, this study aimed to assess depression, anxiety, and stress levels of chronic disease patients in government and private hospitals of Dessie town during COVID-19.

Methods:

Hospital-based cross-sectional study design was used. The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 was used to measure depression, anxiety, and stress of chronic disease patients during the current pandemic. Both binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors, and a significant association was declared at p-value < 0.05 in multivariate analysis.

Results and Discussion:

The overall anxiety, depression, and stress level were 19.9%, 21.5%, and 17.7%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, older age, female gender, urban residency, duration of living with chronic diseases, and presence of comorbidities were associated with depression of chronic disease patients during the pandemic at p-value <0.05. Age, female gender, presence of comorbidities, and no social support were associated with anxiety. Urban residency, use of hand sanitizer, those who had respiratory manifestations, and travel history in the last two weeks were significantly associated with stress levels.

Conclusion:

A significant number of chronic disease patients had depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, governmental and non-governmental organizations, health professionals, media, and hospital administrators should be involved to decrease the depression, anxiety, and stress of chronic disease patients during the pandemic. Moreover, we encourage researchers to conduct comparative longitudinal studies to assess depression, anxiety, and stress levels of chronic disease patients before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.