MONITORING OF TERRAIN AND HIGH-ALTITUDE OBSTACLES IN AIRPORT AREAS
Authors:   Chernihiv Polytechnic National University, Kryachok Serhiy 
Published: August 2021

The urgency of the research. At present, new aviation rules concerning the provision of air navigation information have been introduced in Ukraine. The rules take into account the legislation of the European Union, Eurocontrol documents, ICAO Standards on the accuracy, processing and use of aeronautical data, which include data on terrain and obstacles in the areas of airports. Target setting.One of the factors influencing the safety of civil aviation is the consideration of obstacles on the routes in the form of elevations and high-altitude objects. This is evidenced by accidents and catastrophes of aircraft caused by col-lisions with high-altitude obstacles. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the ground space in the areas of an airport for the timely detection of obstacles to the updating of the electronic database on terrain and obstacles.Actual scientific researches and issues analysis.Recent open access publications on existing methods of collecting geo-spatial data to determine terrain and obstacles in areas of the airport wer e reviewed.Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining.The analysis of the given sources allows to draw a conclusion that concerning area 1 of the airport which is the territory of the state, the contradictory information on use of this or that method of definition of a relief of district and obstacles is resulted.The research objective. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the methods of monitoring spatial information on terrain and obstacles in area 1 of the airport using space-based radar systems that would meet the requirements of ICAO in this area for the maintenance of electronic databases of terrain and obstacles.The statement of basic materials.The quantitative requirements of ICAO for data on terrain and obstacles in area 1 of theairport are given. The errors of the results of the satellite radar topographic survey (SRTM), which allowed to obtain a digital model of the Earth's topography, were resolutionin the vertical plane 1 m, and in the horizontal plane - 30 m. The method of Permanent Scatterer SAR Interferometry PSInSAR - interferometry of stable reflectors using radars with synthe-sized space-based aperture allows to obtain the accuracy of stable reflectors (natural and man-made objects) in the vertical plane of about 1 m and the error in determining the heights of other objects is 14 m. Currently, the PSInSAR method is used to monitor the subsidence of the earth's surface in cities, which allows to determine the deformation of the earth's surface to the nearest millimeter. The grouping of remote sensing satellites TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X provided global coverage of the earth's surface with a digital terrain model with an accuracy of at least 2 m in height. The spatial resolution was about 1 m. In 2020, a satellite with a synthesized aperture of the Capella-2 radar survey was launched into Earth orbit. This unique micro satellite weighs 107 kg. Its camera equipment currently has an ultra-high spatial resolution of 50 x 50 cm.Conclusions.Modern methods of satellite radar can determine the planned and altitude position of objects in the area of airport 1 (territory of the state) with accuracy and resolution that meets the requirements of ICAO for the maintenance ofan electronicdatabase of terrain and obstacles. It is proposed to perform the first phase of monitoring objects in the country with the help of satellite radar, and in the second phase of monitoring to involve a ground survey - to clarify the attributive information about the objects detected in the first phase.