bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN PERAN KADER POSYANDU DENGAN STATUS GIZI BALITA
Authors: Wahyuningsih Wiwid , Setiyaningsih Atik
Published: August 2019

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Keberadaan kader di posyandu sebagai salah satu sistem penyelenggarakan pelayanan sangat dibutuhkan. Mereka adalah ujung tombak  pelayanan kesehatan yang merupakan kepanjangtanganan puskesmas Jawa Tengah tahun 2011 jumlah gizi kurang 5,35% dan gizi buruk 0,10%. Untuk Kabupaten Semarang dari 23.562 balita yang ditimbang pada tahun 2011 gizi lebih 1,13%, gizi baik 93,51%, gizi kurang 4,86% dan gizi buruk 0,49% (DepKes Prov Jateng, 2011). Tujuan Penelitian : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan peran kader posyandu dengan status gizi balita. Metode Penelitian : Desain penelitian ini adalah survey analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh balita di Posyandu Mawar di Desa Gedangan sejumlah 40 responden, dengan teknik total sampling dan analisa data chi square. Hasil Penelitian : Hasil perhitungan chi square di peroleh X² hitung 10.644 pada df=4, P.value 0.031 dimana probabilitas lebih kecil dari level of significant 5 % (0,001 < 0,05) berarti Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Kesimpulan : ada hubungan antara peran kader posyandu dengan status gizi pada balita.Kata Kunci : peran kader , status gizi balitaCADERE ROLE RELATIONSHIP WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN POSYANDUABSTRACTBackground : posyandu cadre in Existence as one of the 56th's service system is urgently needed. They are the tip of the Spear is a kepanjangtanganan health services clinics in Central Java in 2011 the amount of nutrition less 5.35% 0.10% and malnutrition. To Semarang from 23.562 toddler who weighed in 2011 more nutritional 1.13%, 93,51%, good nutrition nutrition less 4.86% and 0.49% poor nutrition (Department of Health Central Java Prov., 2011). Objective : the research aims to find out the relationship role of posyandu cadre with the nutritional status of children. Methods : the design of this research is a survey using the analytic approach of cross sectional. The population in this study are all the toddlers at the Rose in the village of Posyandu Gedangan some 38 respondents, with total sample techniques and data analysis a chi square. The results :. The chi square calculation results in getting X ² count 10.644 on df = 4, P. value 0.031 where probability is smaller than the level of significant 5% (0.001 < 0.05) mean Ha Ho accepted and rejected. Conclusion : there is a connection between the role of cadres of posyandu with nutritional status on toddlers.Keywords : the role of cadres, toddler nutrition status
IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN EDUPRENEURSHIP BERBASIS MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
Authors: Faruq Asrul , Alnashr M. Sofyan
Published: August 2019

This written to make an explain edupreneurship who are given by education institution –included is college– to him educate participant so that entrepreneur mental educate participant have growing up. The hopes edupreneurship can shaping creative character and independent from educate participant. Range from to selection learning strategy who are exact and agree with child learning style. So that multiple intelligences theory from Howard Gardner can be phenomenological in the edupreneurship strategy application. Edupreneurship strategy based multiple intelligences to do with educate participant activity used with one of intelligences or some intellegences collaboration in the edupreneurship learning.
أثر الاستحسان في المقاصد الخاصة
Authors: Jauhari Muhammad Agus
Published: August 2019

متلحص

إن الأدلة التي تستنبط بها الأحكام الشرعية لأفعال المكلفين نوعان: نوع اتفق العلماء على أنه مصدر من مصادر التشريع الإسلامي، ونوع اختلف العلماء في اعتباره مصدرا تشريعيا.

ويلاحظ أن دليل«الاستحسان» قد أثار اهتمام العلماء وجدلهم قديما وحديثا اهتماما كبيرا، فاختلفت عبارات الأصوليين في تحديد مفهومه فمنها ما يؤدي إلى معنى مقبول إجماعا، ومنها ما يؤدي إلى معنى مردود إجماعا، ومنه ما هو موضع نظر واجتهاد.

وقال النحراوي:«إن الاستحسان بالرغم من قدم وجود هذا المصطلح وهو ما يزيد عن ألف سنة من بدء ظهوره إلى عصرنا هذا، لم يحظ بتعريف مستقر ثابت. وربما هذا إن دل على شيء فإنما يدل على أن الاستحسان مبدأ يكتنفه الغموض، أو مصطلح يحتاج إلى دراسة لمعرفة حقيقته، أو أنه متشعب الأركان، ومتعدد النواحي والمناحي يتعذر حصره في كلمات موجزة كالتعريف».

وبالرجوع إلى كتب الأحناف نجد كثيرا ما جرت كلمة الاستحسان على ألسنتهم بكلمة القياس.

فأحيانا يطلق القياس ويراد منه النص الشرعي العام، ومن أمثلته ما جاء عن الإمام أبي حنيفة رضي الله تعالى عنه في رجم الزاني المحصن:«إنا أثبتنا الرجم بالاستحسان على خلاف القياس»، فإن المراد بالقياس هنا النص الشرعي العام. وهو قول الله تعالى:﴿ الزَّانِيَةُ وَالزَّانِي فَاجْلِدُوا كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا مِئَةَ جَلْدَةٍ﴾، فإنه نص عام يشمل الزاني المحصن وغير المحصن.

ومن فتاواه التي استخدم فيها كلمة الاستحسان ـ فتواه فيمن قضى بجلده لثبوت الزنا عليه فلم يكمل عليه الحد، أو أكمل فشهد شاهدان بإحصانه فإن القياس أن يرجم؛ لأنه محصن لكن الإمام أبا حنيفة يقول في ذلك: «والقياس أن يرجم ولكنا نستحسن فيدرأ عنه حد الرجم وما بقي عليه من الحد لأني  أكره أن أرجمه وقد أقمت عليه حد الضرب فيكون قد أقيم عليه حدان في زنا واحد فهذا قبيح لا يستقيم في الاستحسان».

وتارة أخرى يطلق القياس ويراد منه القاعدة الشرعية المقررة عند الفقهاء، أو عند بعضهم، ومن أمثلته ما جاء كذلك عن الإمام أبي حنيفة رضي الله عنه فيمن أكل، أو شرب ناسيا«لولا الرواية لقلت بالقياس»، فإن المراد من القياس هنا أيضا القاعدة المقررة في الصوم وغيره، ولكن روي عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ما يدل على عدم بطلان الصوم بالأكل، أو الشرب نسيانا، وعمل به أبو حنيفة وترك تطبيق القاعدة العامة على هذه المسألة.
SPIRITUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP DI PESANTREN ENTREPRENEUR AL-MAWADDAH KUDUS
Authors: Alnashr M. Sofyan , Labib Muhammad
Published: August 2019

This study aims to map spiritual values ​​that encourage Pesantren Entrepreneur Al-Mawaddah to conduct entrepreneurship movements and their application in real action. This research is a field research with qualitative-descriptive method which took place at the Pesantren Entrepreneur Al-Mawaddah, Honggosoco Village, Jekulo, Kudus. As a method of searching data, interview, observation and documentation techniques have been carried out. Then, in the analysis phase has been used Miles and Huberman analysis techniques with 4 stages of analysis ; collecting data, data reduction, data display, verification and drawing conclusions. The results of this study have mapped Core Values ​​Ahli Sorga (which contains 9 values) as a spiritual value that encourages Pesantren Al-Mawaddah to develop entrepreneurship. This value is the result of reflection and internalization of the gusjigang ideology inherited from Sunan Kudus. These spiritual values ​​have been implemented by pesantren in the form of: (1) pesantren which are honest and trustworthy in carrying out various business fields and safeguarding the products of the community, (2) charity activities in the form of mass circumcision and orphanage, sewing skills training and make snacks, agricultural technology training, (3) balance in carrying out ibadatullah (compulsory worship, recitation of kitab kuning) and imarathul ardh in the form of entrepreneurship development, (4) formulation of vision and action conducted by founders and caregivers from a young age, encouraging santri to have similar visions and missions. (5) making Core Values Ahli Sorga ​​as an autosuggestion in santri to have the spirit of entrepreneurship.
IDEOLOGI EKOLOGI DALAM TEKANAN IDEOLOGI PASAR PADA KONSTRUKSI ARSITEKTUR TRADISIONAL BALI
Authors: Suyoga I Putu Gede , Ayu Juliasih Ni Ketut
Published: August 2019

Pemahaman tentang ekologi rupanya menjadi kesatuan dalam rancang bangun arsitektur tradisional Bali yang konstruksi utamanya berbahan kayu. Ketentuan kayu yang boleh dan tidak boleh, atau yang baik dan dilarang untuk dipergunakan sebagai bahan bangunan sudah diatur dalam lontar kearsitekturan tradisional Bali. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskripif interpretatif. Studi kepustakaan dilakukan terhadap terjemahan isi lontar Asta Kosala Kosali, Janantaka dan Taru Pramana khususnya tentang kayu sebagai bahan bangunan. Wawancara dari informan dipilih secara purposif. Studi ini mengungkapkan ideologi ekologi yang mendasari konstruksi Arsitektur Tradisional Bali, mendapat tekanan ideologi pasar pada era kekiniannya. Ideologi pasar telah menekan ideologi ekologi, sehingga ada indikasi terjadinya krisis lingkungan.

 

Kata Kunci: konstruksi arsitektur tradisional Bali, ideologi ekologi, ideologi pasar.
Knowledge transfer of advances in applied health and science
Authors: Macnab Andrew John
Published: August 2019

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Stress, coping, and mental health status among nursing students at a private university in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
Authors: Molina Stephanie , Racal Sarah Jane
Published: August 2019

Background: Stress, especially among young people, leads to life-threatening mental conditions such as depression and suicide. Nursing students, in particular, are exposed to different kinds of stress such as pressures from both academic and clinical exposures coupled with expectations to succeed. These stressors influence individual coping styles which may eventually affect students’ mental, physical, and over-all wellbeing leading to the decline in their learning and academic performance. Aims: This descriptive-correlational study was aimed at exploring the relationships among stress, coping, and mental health status among nursing students at a private university in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Methods: Using a systematic random sampling, a descriptive cross-sectional study was done among one hundred and fifty 3rd and 4th year nursing students under the international nursing program. The Perceived Stress Scale, Brief COPE, and the General Health Questionnaire were used to assess the level of stress, the coping strategies used, and the mental health status of the respondents. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and Pearson’s correlation were used to answer the research questions. Results: It revealed that the nursing students had moderate level of perceived stress, used acceptance as the most common form of coping, and substance use and denial as the least used. Furthermore, the respondents had mild level of mental health related-illness. Significant gender differences were found in the perceived level of stress, and use of coping strategies. While mental health status significantly differed according to year level and interest in nursing. Significant mild to moderate relationships were found among perceived stress level, coping strategies, mental health status, and selected socio-demographic variables. Conclusion: The findings of the study provide additional useful information on the relationships of stress, coping, and health outcomes. Results can also be useful in creating a stress management program for nursing students such as awareness on individual stress response and reinforcing the use of healthy coping strategies.
La obra de Dionisio Cañas en el hilo biográfico
Authors: Palacios Amador
Published: August 2019

El presente trabajo constituye una síntesis de mi libro Dionisio Cañas. Invitación a su obra. Biografía (Ciudad Real. Diputación Provincial, Biblioteca de Autores Manchegos, 2018).
La producción de Dionisio Cañas es muy densa y numerosa. He sido obligado, por los límites de este artículo, a señalar solo unas cuantas obras de su extensa trayectoria, teniendo que omitir el comentario de muchas otras. Pero las que reseño pienso que son
las más importantes en su andadura. Sí he querido recalcar, por un lado, las vicisitudes más decisivas, de cara a su escritura poética y sus acciones artísticas, de su transcurrir biográfico y, por otro, destacar su vasta formación intelectual subrayando los influjos
más señeros en la construcción de su poesía, su literatura y su arte.
地铁的人性化设计
Authors: 臧 红昊
Published: August 2019

人性化是现阶段各方面设计应考虑的重要因素，地铁设计亦是如此。通过地铁人性化设计，可以给人们提供更好的服务，满足人们的需求，同时推动地铁设计。基于此，论文主要概述了人性化设计，分析了地铁的人性化设计，并提出了地铁人性化未来发展的几点建议，以供参考。
GQF-C 型桥梁伸缩装置在中小型桥梁中的应用及改进施工安装方法
Authors: 刘 成彬 , 余 飞
Published: August 2019

桥梁伸缩装置的选用以及后续施工安装将直接影响道路行车的舒适性、安全性以及桥梁的服务寿命。GQF-C 型桥梁伸缩装置是常用的桥梁伸缩装置之一，在中小桥梁施工中得到了广泛的应用。论文简要介绍了GQF-C 型桥梁伸缩装置基本介绍、常用安装工艺存在的问题及改进后的施工安装方法和质量保证措施，对类似工程施工具有一定借鉴意义。
面向供电可靠性的配电自动化系统规划研究
Authors: 丁 志前
Published: August 2019

在配电自动化系统规划过程中，相关人员需要根据各个地区的供电情况制定相应的规划方案。基于此，论文阐述了配电自动化系统规划在提升供电可靠性中的作用，介绍了配电自动化系统规划中的关键技术，研究了面向供电可靠性的配电网规划整体思路及其流程。
组合式对拉止水螺杆在水利工程中的应用
Authors: 吴 金成
Published: August 2019

为进一步提高混凝土的耐久性能和工程外观质量，提高施工工效，降低施工成本，弥补普通式对拉螺杆进行模板架立对混凝土的耐久性能和工程外观质量的不足，中国江苏省水利厅出台了水利工程推广应用组合式对拉止水螺杆的指导意见。论文对在水利工程中应用组合式对拉止水螺杆的体会和大家一同分享几点看法。
炼油厂除盐水处理技术措施
Authors: 陈 栋
Published: August 2019

当前，中国炼油行业稳定发展，炼油能力不断增长，出现炼油能力过剩，经营主体之间的竞争愈加严峻。炼油行业在未来的发展中，将围绕降低生产成本，搞好资源优化配置，巩固自己的市场地位。论文就炼油厂除盐水处理技术展开研究，提出相关有益的技术措施，希望对除盐水处理技术有帮助。
电厂脱硫废水零排放系统技术研究
Authors: 姜 超
Published: August 2019

近年来，中国环保排放标准日趋严格，火电工程废水排放日益受到重视，废水零排放逐渐提上议事日程。传统的脱硫废水或者在煤场进行喷洒，或者利用灰渣进行调湿处理，不能真正实现脱硫废水成分的固态环保排放。论文介绍了几种主流废水零排放技术方案。
Kondisi Tanah Habitat Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri T & B) di Prevab Taman Nasional Kutai Kabupaten Kutai Timur
Authors: Triadiawarman Dian
Published: August 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi tentang kondisi tanah habitat ulin di Kawasan Prevab Taman Nasional Kutai Timur. Prevab Taman Nasional Kutai Timur memiliki tipe tanah Podsolik, dengan warna antara coklat kekuningan hingga coklat gelap kekuningan.. Tekstur tanah teridiri atas liat hingga liat berdebu. Struktur tanah berupa rounded blocky dan angular blocky. Bulk Density (BD) antara 0,99 â€“ 1,67 g/cm3. Porositas tanah antara 37,05 â€“ 62,65%. Kedalaman solum antara 100 - 150 cm. Kedalaman efektif antara 30 - 100 cm. Kapasitas ketersediaan air antara 4,43 â€“ 13,88%. Keasaman tanah berada pada tinggi hingga sedang (pH 4,6 â€“ 5,8). Kapasitas Tukar Kation (KTK) antara 0,99 â€“ 5,17 me/100 g. Base saturation (BS) antara 8,16 â€“ 42,57%. Kandungan C antara 0,04 â€“ 0,27%, N antara 0,37 â€“ 2,68%, P antara 2.85 - 34.96 ppm, K antara 0,06 â€“ 0,22 cmol/kg, Ca antara 0,41 â€“ 6,40 cmol/kg, Mg antara 0,11 â€“ 3,40 cmol/kg. Untuk melindungi dan meningkatkan potensi tumbuh pohon ulin, kegiatan penanaman sebaiknya dilakukan pada kondisi lingkungan yang sesuai, yaitu pada daerah dengan ketinggian 0 - 400 m di atas permukaan laut dengan kemiringan antara  0 - 100%, pada tipe tanah podsolik, dengan tekstur tanah liat dan sandy clay loam yang memiliki keasaman sangat tinggi hingga sedang.
Uji Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.) Terhadap Model Tanam Dan Interval Penyiangan Gulma
Authors: Rohaeni Nani , Marhani Marhani
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model cara tanam dan interval penyiangan gulma yang terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.) penelitian ini dilaksanakan kurang lebih selama 4 bulan dari bulan April hingga bulan Juli 2017, terhitung mulai persiapan tempat hingga pengambilan data terakhir/panen.Penelitian ini berlokasi di jalan Ring Road, Kecamatan Sangatta Selatan, Kabupaten Kutai Timur. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 36 petak penelitian. Faktor pertama adalah perlakuan model tanam (C) yang terdiri dari, C1=Miring, C2= Tegak, C3=Datar. Faktor kedua adalah perlakuan penyiangan (P) yang terdiri dari, P0= Tanpa Penyiangan, P1= Penyiangan gulma setiap 1 minggu,   P2=Penyiangan gulma setiap 2 minggu, P3= Penyiangan gulma setiap 3 minggu. Analisis data menggunakan tabel analisis sidik ragam dengan uji lanjutan Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian perlakuan model tanam yang terbaik yaitu model tanam miring (C1) dengan hasil sebesar 22,39 ton.ha-1, serta perlakuan interval penyiangan yang terbaik yaitu interval penyiangan 2 minggu sekali (P2) yaitu 17,11 ton.ha-1 Kemudian interaksi perlakuan terbaik yaitu model tanam miring dengan interval penyiangan 2 minggu sekali (C1P2) yaitu menghasilkan produksi ubi jalar sebesar 24,50 ton.ha-1
Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Kompos Jerami dan Jenis Mulsa Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Melon (Cucumis melo L.)
Authors: Kurniastuti Tri , Faustina Dea Risfika
Published: August 2019

Penelitian bertujuan  mengetahui pengaruh kompos jerami padi dan jenis  mulsa pada pertumbuhan dan hasil melon. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Blitar pada bulan Agustus hingga November 2016. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial dengan3 ulangan. Faktor pertama dosis kompos jerami terdiri dari tiga aras, k0: Tanpa kompos jerami, k1: kompos jerami 10 ton/ha; k2: kompos jerami 20 ton / ha. Faktor II: jenis mulsa, terdiri dari tiga aras, m0: Tanpa mulsa; m1: Mulsa jerami; m2: mulsa plastik hitam silver. Pengamatan meliputi: panjang tanaman (cm), jumlah daun (daun), bobot segar dan bobot kering brangkasan (g), bobot buah (kg), diameter buah (cm) dan tebal buah (mm). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dilanjut dengan uji Duncan kesalahan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi nyata perlakuan kompos jerami padi (k) dan jenis mulsa (m) terhadap bobot kering tanaman dan bobot segar tanaman. Hasil tertinggi adalah kombinasi perlakuan kompos jerami 20 ton/ha dan mulsa plastik hitam perak (k2m2) dan mampu meningkatkan bobot kering tanaman hingga 26,87% dibandingkan perlakuan tanpa kompos jerami dan tanpa mulsa/kontrol. Dosis kompos jerami padi 20 ton/ha dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman dan hasil melon lebih baik daripada perlakuan tanpa kompos jerami. Peningkatan hasil berat melon akibat kompos jerami padi adalah 21,59%. Mulsa plastik hitam dan perak dapat meningkatkan hasil melon 15,56% lebih tinggi daripada tanpa mulsa dan meningkat 6,077% lebih tinggi dari mulsa jerami padi.
Analisis Implementasi Pola Kemitraan dan Pendapatan Petani Plasma Kelapa Sawit di Kecamatan Bentian Besar Kabupaten Kutai Barat Provinsi Kalimantan timur
Authors: Imang Ndang , Balkis Siti , Maliki Maliki
Published: August 2019

Peraturan Kementerian Pertanian mengharuskan perusahaan kelapa sawit untuk mengembangkan program kemitraan dengan masyarakat sekitar dengan maksud untuk meningkatkan keahlian masyarakat dalam budidaya kelapa sawit sekaligus meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat. Kecamatan Bentian Besar adalah salah satu Kecamatan di Kabupaten Kutai Barat Provinsi Kalimantan Timur yang memiliki potensi perkebunan kelapa sawit. Upaya untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani kelapa sawit di Kecamatan Bentian Besar adalah melalui kerjasama dalam bentuk kemitraan antara petani kelapa sawit dengan PT. Kaltim Hijau Makmur dan PT. Kutai Agro Lestari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) pola kemitraan antara petani plasma kelapa sawit dengan PT. Kaltim Hijau Makmur dan PT. Kutai Agro Lestari di Kecamatan Bentian Besar Kabupaten Kutai Barat; (2) pendapatan petani plasma kelapa sawit yang melakukan kemitraan dengan PT. Kaltim Hijau Makmur dan PT Kutai Agro Lestari di Kecamatan Bentian Besar Kabupaten Kutai Barat.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Juli 2016 hingga Maret 2017 di Kecamatan Bentian Besar, Kabupaten Kutai Barat. Metode pengambilan sampel mengunakan proportional random sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis pendapatan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) pola kemitraan antara petani plasma kelapa sawit dengan PT. Kaltim Hijau Makmur dan PT Kutai Agro Lestari adalah pola kemitraan Inti – Plasma. Dalam pola kemitraan ini, pihak petani menyediakan lahan dan tenaga kerja, sedangkan pihak perusahaan menyediakan sarana produksi seperti benih, pupuk memberikan kepastian pasar untuk petani; (2) pendapatan rata-rata petani plasma kelapa sawit Kampung Sambung sebesar Rp. 121.992,00/ha.  Pendapatan rata-rata petani plasma kelapa sawit Kampung Suakong sebesar Rp.1.264.042,00/ha.
Effects of surface charge and boundary slip on time-periodic pressure-driven flow and electrokinetic energy conversion in a nanotube
Authors: Buren Mandula , Jian Yongjun , Zhao Yingchun , Chang Long , Liu Quansheng
Published: August 2019

Time-periodic pressure-driven slip flow and electrokinetic energy conversion efficiency in a nanotube are studied analytically. The slip length depends on the surface charge density. Electric potential, velocity and streaming electric field are obtained analytically under the Debye–Hückel approximation. The electrokinetic energy conversion efficiency is computed using these results. The effects of surface charge-dependent slip and electroviscous effect on velocity and electrokinetic energy conversion efficiency are discussed. The main results show that the velocity amplitude and the electrokinetic energy conversion efficiency of the surface charge-dependent slip flow are reduced compared with those of the surface charge-independent slip flow.
Lesions Simulating Retinoblastoma
Authors: Shields Jerry A , Parsons Hugh M , Shields Carol L , Shah Pankajkumar
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Of 500 consecutive patients referred to the Ocular Oncology Service at Wills Eye Hospital with the diagnosis of possible retinoblastoma, 288 (58%) were found on clinical evaluation to have retinoblastoma and 212 (42%) had lesions that simulated retinoblastoma. A total of 23 different conditions accounted for the 212 pseudoretinoblastomas. Three most common pseudoreti noblastomas were: persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (28%), Coats' disease (16%), and presumed ocular toxocariasis (16%). Congenital cataract and retinopathy of prematurity accounted for a much lower percent of pseudoretinoblastomas in this series as compared to a previously reported series. The pertinent clinical features that serve to differentiate these simulating lesions from retinoblastoma are reviewed.
Role of fasciae in nonspecific low back pain
Authors: Casato Giulia , Stecco Carla , Busin Riccardo
Published: August 2019

More and more evidences show how the thoracolumbar fascia is involved with nonspecific low back pain. Additionally, recent studies about anatomy have shown the presence of a continuity between the thoracolumbar fascia and the deep fascia of the limbs; but actually, a dysfunction of just the thoracolumbar fascia or of the tightly contiguous myofascial tissue is generally recognized as possible cause of nonspecific low back pain. Five patients among those affected by nonspecific low back pain were manipulated just on those fascial spots that were painful, when palpated, and located in other areas of the body than the low back one. Each patient reported a clinically significant reduction of the painful symptoms (a Pain Numerical Rating Scale score difference ≥ 2) straight after the manipulation. A dysfunction of the myofascial tissue that is not tightly contiguous with the symptomatic area is then suggested to be taken into consideration among the causes of nonspecific low back-pain.
Exploring factors influencing integration of traditional and medical male circumcision methods at Ingquza Hill Local Municipality, Eastern Cape: A socio-ecological perspective
Authors: Prusente Sandile , Khuzwayo Nelisiwe , Sikweyiya Yandisa
Published: August 2019

Background: Medical male circumcision (MMC) and traditional male circumcision (TMC) are reportedly having negative and positive outcomes in the Eastern Cape province. Researchers show contradictory remedies; some advocate for abolishment of TMC and others call for the integration of both methods.Aim: This study aimed to explore factors influencing the integration of TMC and MMC at different socio-ecological levels.Setting: The study was conducted at Ingquza Hill Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape province.Methods: An explorative qualitative study design, using in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs), was employed in this study. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. A framework analysis approach was used to analyse the data, and the themes were developed in line with the socio-ecological model.Results: Four main themes emerged from the data as important in influencing the integration of TMC and MMC methods. These included: (1) individual factors, related to circumcision age eligibility and post-circumcision behaviour; (2) microsystem factors, related to alcohol and drug abuse, peer pressure, abuse of initiates, and family influence; (3) exosystem factors, related to financial gains associated with circumcision and the role of community forums; and (4) macrosystem factors, related to stigma and discrimination, and male youth dominance in circumcision practices.Conclusion: Male circumcision in this area is influenced by complex factors at multiple social levels. Interventions directed at all of these levels are urgently needed to facilitate integration of the TMC and MMC methods.
Subvocal mucle activity during stuttering and fluent speech: A comparison
Authors: Bar Asher , Singer Joyce , Feldman Robert G.
Published: August 2019

Electromyography measurements utilizing needle electrodes, were made to compare the laryngeal muscle activity of a stutterer and a non-stutterer, (a) when they indicated anticipation of either difficulty or no difficulty speaking, (b) when they actually spoke. The stutterer exhibited the earliest and longest laryngeal activity when he anticipated difficulty and actually stuttered. The stutterer exhibited more intense muscle activity before speaking than the non-stutterer. Therapeutically, it is suggested that stutterers learn to control the muscle activity prior to the moment of speaking.
Personal Opinion
Authors: Heese H. De V.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Transformational grammar and the case of an Ndebele speaking aphasic
Authors: Traill A.
Published: August 2019

An attempt is made to explain certain expressive impairments in the speech of an Ndebele speaking aphasic in terms of a transformational grammar. The impairment is eventually located in a part of the lexicon, but owing to the standard view of linguistic competence, this explanation poses problems which at present resist resolution.
Die nut van die "ITPA" vir die spraakterapeut asook 'n ondersoek na die moontlikheid van 'n vertaling en aanpassing by Suid-Afrikaanse omstandighede
Authors: Lotter Elsie C.
Published: August 2019

Aangesien die spraakterapeut in Suid-Afrika met twee taalgroepe (Engels en Afrikaans) te doene kry en oor geen kultuur-eie toets vir psigolinguistiese vermoëns beskik nie, is 'n voorlopige ondersoek uitgevoer na die moontlikheid van 'n aanpassing van die ITPA by Suid-Afrikaanse omstandighede, asook 'n vertaling in Afrikaans. 'n Voorlopige vertaling, en wel so direk as moontlik vertaal, is opgestel en toegepas op 'n klein groepie Afrikaans- sprekende kinders, terwyl die oorspronklike ITPA op 'n groepie Engelssprekende kinders toegepas is. Uit die resultate van hierdie voorondersoek het dit duidelik geblyk dat heelwat veranderinge nodig sal wees vir 'n aanpassing en vertaling van die ITPA. Die ideaal is steeds die opstel van 'n eie Suid-Afrikaanse toets.
A preliminary assessment of redical surgery in cleft palate deformities
Authors: Davies David , Whiting D. M. , Miller B. H. , Cremin B. J. , Morrison G.
Published: August 2019

The development and aims of the Single Stage repair of complete clefts of the lip and palate are presented together with a preliminary account of results.
An investigation of some aspects of stuttering-like speech in adult dysphasic subjects
Authors: Caplan Lesley
Published: August 2019

Some dimensions of stuttering-like symptoms of five dysphasic patients were considered and compared to several aspects of stuttering which are generally well-known and documented. The nature and amount of the dysfluencies of dysphasia were examined, and, although the amount of non-fluency appeared to justify the label of stuttering, the nature of the dysfluencies was much like that observed in normal speakers and not that considered to be the distinguishing features of stuttering. The loci of the dysfluencies in the sequence of dysphasic speech were investigated and the majority of subjects were found to experience more difficulty on the function words of language rather than on the content or lexical words which precipitate dysfluency in stutterers. All subjects experienced the greatest difficulty on words in the initial position in the sentence as is found with stutterers. For most of the subjects the frequency of dysfluency was highest on longer words and it was observed that subjects generally experienced more difficulty on consonants than on vowels. Under conditions of propositionality it seemed that there was some increase in the frequency and severity of the dysfluencies of dysphasics while the adaptation task yielded divergent results.
Communication, symbolic play, and play-extension in pre-school, hearing-impaired children
Authors: Segal Denise E.
Published: August 2019

The relation between play and communication was investigated in a sample of congenitally hearing-impaired, pre-school children. A sample of hearing children served as a guide for the 'normal' course of development. The children's use of their communication modalities during play and particularly play-extension, or the ability to extend beyond the immediacy of the play materials, was assessed. The same children had been assessed previously in terms of symbolic and non-symbolic play activities independent of communication. These findings served as a baseline for the present study. An observational and ethologically-based approach was adopted, with performance emphasized. Results indicated that the hearing-impaired children attained no 'move away from' the immediate play context although they used communication during play. Findings are discussed in the light of theoretical issues pertaining to the relationship between language and cognition, the role of gesture, and an oral-aural approach versus sign language. Clinical suggestions and implications for future research are offered.
Clinical implications of a neuropsychological approach to aphasia
Authors: Kagan Aura , Saling Michael , Wahlhaus Margaret M.
Published: August 2019

This paper deals with the clinical implications arising out of a study designed to evaluate Luria's approach to the cerebral organisation of higher mental functions such as language. The research took the form of four in-depth case studies of aphasic patients and involved a comparison of neuropsychological predictions as to the site-of-lesion with radiological findings (cranial computerised tomographic scanning). Correspondence was felt to be good in most instances, indicating that Luria's theory provides a valid framework within which to relate clinical symptomatology and focal brain damage. The fact that Luria places clinical practice on a firm theoretical foundation is seen as being advantageous and is discussed in relation to assessment and therapy.
'n Ondersoek na die vokaalduur van die esofagale Afrikaanssprekende
Authors: Botha Mariette
Published: August 2019

In hierdie studie is daar 'n ondersoek gedoen na die ooreenkoms wat daar bestaan tussen die vokaalduur van die normaalsprekendes en die vokaalduur van esofagale sprekers. Daar is geppog om die verband tussen spraakvaardigheid en vokaalduur van die esofagale sprekers te bepaal. Bykomend is die verband tussen die vokaal- plus postvokaalduur en spraakvaardigheid van dieselfde groep esofagale sprekers bepaal. Die invloed van die stemhebbenheid/ stemloosheid van die konsonantomgewing op die vokaalduur is ook vasgestel. Dit bly uit die resultate dat die lengte ten opsigte van die vokaalduur by die groep esofagale sprekers wisselend was, maar in die gevalle het die ook ooreengestem met die normaalsprekende. Ondersoek kon nie 'n beduidendaantoonbare verband tussen vokaalduur en die spraakvaardigheid vasstel nie, hoewel daar 'n meer aantoonbare verband tussen vokaal plus postvokaalduur en spraakvaardigheid is. Die duur van die vokale in die stemhebbend-stemlose konsonantomgewings by die esofagale sprekers was hoofsaaklik langer as duur van hierdie vokale in stemloos-stemlose konsonantomgewings, soos by die normaalsprekendes.
Satisfaction with retention factors in relation to job embeddedness of public school teachers
Authors: Shibiti Ronny
Published: August 2019

Orientation: The major challenge that organisations face in the contemporary competitive environment is to retain talented and productive employees. To ensure that the education system functions optimally, there is a need for strategic human resource management (HRM) practices to be implemented to assist in retaining qualified and experienced teachers.Research purpose: The purposes of this study were to establish the relationship between retention factors and job embeddedness, and to establish whether retention factors positively and significantly predict job embeddedness.Motivation for the study: There is a high turnover among teachers, with many teachers leaving the profession during their early years of teaching. An empirical investigation of the relationship between retention factors and job embeddedness and the outcomes of utilising retention factors and job embeddedness to facilitate the retention of employees is critical.Research approach/design and method: A non-experimental, quantitative survey was conducted on 278 teachers working in the Tshwane Municipality public schools.Main findings: A Pearson’s correlational analysis revealed positive and significant relationships between retention factors and job embeddedness, while multiple regression analyses revealed that retention factors positively and significantly predict job embeddedness.Practical/managerial implications: The results from this study afford concrete implications for employers in search of effective employee retention strategies. The main practical contribution of this study is the way in which it demonstrated that retention factors relate to and predict job embeddedness.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to the employee retention theory by proposing that employees who are provided with desired retention factors are more likely to be embedded in their jobs and community.
Bronchiolitis obliterans: An illustrative case following toxic fume exposure
Authors: Sher Basil J. , Duncan Ian C.
Published: August 2019

Bronchiolitis obliterans is a condition where irreversible narrowing of small airways leads to chronic airflow obstruction. Usually an associated underlying condition can be identified. The diagnosis depends upon this together with the appropriate lung function abnormalities and radiological features. We describe a case of bronchiolitis obliterans that developed after toxic fume inhalation and which demonstrates the typical clinical, physiological and radiological features on which the diagnosis of this condition is made.
Imaging prostate cancer
Authors: Hricak Hedvig
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Value of MRI in paediatric closed head injury
Authors: Andronikou Savvas , Boeddinghaus Rudolf , Welman Chris J.
Published: August 2019

Children (and less commonly adults) with a low level of conciousness following acute head injury who have a normal CT sean are often assumed to have diffuse axonal injury of the brain. MRI may be appropriate in the subacute setting as it may demonstrate findings highly suggestive of such injury, as well as other findings not identified on CT. These findings may aid clinicians in determining prognosis. We demonstrate typical findings on various MR sequences using an index case.
Cavernous malformations of the central nervous system: A review
Authors: Duncan Ian C.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Multiple renal arteries : A pitfall in renovascular intervention
Authors: Sher Basil J. , Duncan Ian C.
Published: August 2019

We describe how the presence of multiple renal arteries complicated the diagnosis of a major renal arterial injury following a lower thoracic penetrating injury. Incomplete assessment of the arteriographic evidence obtained during any invasive renal vascular investigation could result in a missed diagnosis.
Lumbar spine X-rays for back pain: Still justified as a screening examination in South Africa
Authors: Scher A. T.
Published: August 2019

Standard teaching in the imaging approach to patients with back pain is that plain X-ray should only be obtained after 3 months of conservative treatment and thorough clinical examination and appropriate laboratory investigations. This approach, while appropriate in first-world countries, may lead to conditions such as tuberculosis of the spine being overlooked. An analysis was therefore made of 1 383 patients with complaints of lower back pain who were referred for X-ray of the lumbar spine. In 28 patients active spinal tuberculosis was diagnosed; in 8 of these patients the diagnosis had not been suspected clinically. It is concluded that in South Africa with its unsophisticated patient population and poor facilities, limited X-ray (lateral and AP view) of the lumbar spine is justified in patients presenting with back pain for the first time.
Apoplexy inside a giant medial sphenoid wing meningothelial (Grade I) meningioma: An extremely rare but a potentially dangerous complication
Authors: Gajbhiye Sanjog , Gosal Jaskaran , Pandey Satyadeo , Das Kuntal
Published: August 2019

Hemorrhage associated with meningiomas is extremely rare and most commonly occurs in convexity meningiomas of higher grade or the angioblastic variety. Moreover, bleeding associated with a meningioma usually occurs in the form of a subdural hematoma or subarachnoid hemorrhage. We report a case of giant left medial sphenoid wing meningioma with histopathological diagnosis of a meningothelial type with apoplexy. A 54-year-old female presented with clinical features suggestive of apoplexy. Her neuroimaging demonstrated a large left medial sphenoid wing meningioma with features suggestive of an intratumoral bleed with mass effect. Gross total excision of the tumor was done with the good postoperative outcome. The biopsy came out to be Grade I meningothelial meningioma. Apoplexy in meningiomas is extremely rare with a reported incidence of 0.5%–2.4%, especially in a nonconvexity meningioma with histopathological diagnosis of meningothelial variety. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are critical as meningiomas associated with apoplexy are associated with high morbidity.
Surgical outcomes in depressed skull fractures: An institutional experience
Authors: Manne Srikrishnaditya , Musali Siddartha , Gollapudi Prakash , Nandigama Pratap , Mohammed Imran , Butkuri Nagarjuna , Asma Asma
Published: August 2019

Aims: The aim is to study the various factors associated with depressed skull fractures (DSFs) and their relationship with outcomes in patients who underwent surgery. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional study in a hospital setting. Patients and Methods: One hundred and fifty patients who underwent surgeries over a period of 6 years at our institute for DSFs were followed up and outcomes were analyzed. Patients having other medical- or trauma-related surgical morbidities were excluded. All age groups were studied. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test. Results: There was a significant relationship between the mode of injury, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score at admission and discharge, and underlying brain injuries with the outcomes. The variables such as pneumocephalus, dural tears, type of fracture and site of the fracture, and age and sex distribution of the patient were not statistically influencing the outcomes. Conclusions: Patients who underwent surgery for DSFs, with good GCS at admission and discharge, with no underlying brain injury, and who did not sustain injuries in a road traffic accident had better outcomes.
A rare case of supratentorial cavernous angioma associated with arterialized developmental venous anomaly
Authors: Martinoni Matteo , Pozzati Eugenio , Acciarri Nicola , Bacci Antonella , Cuoci Andrea , Sturiale Carmelo , Bortolotti Carlo
Published: August 2019

The association of cavernous malformations and developmental venous anomalies (DVA) is well known, but the presence of arterial fistulous connection with the main venous collector has been reported in the literature only once. We report the unusual case of a hemorrhagic cavernous angioma associated with DVA characterized by a fine arterial supply to the main venous collector. During surgery, after the excision of the cavernous angioma, few small arterial feeders were found entering the main channel of the venous developmental anomaly. The presence of an arterial fistulous connection with the main venous collector of a DVA may be a possible mechanism involved in a higher bleeding potential of cavernous angioma.
A novel technique for microcatheter additional shaping during intracranial aneurysmal coil embolization: Microcatheter shaping cast
Authors: Ohshima Tomotaka , Kawaguchi Reo , Maejima Ryuya , Matsuo Naoki , Miyachi Shigeru
Published: August 2019

Background: When a shaping mandrel is inserted into the tip of a preshaped microcatheter, the existing curve becomes uncertain because the tip is straightened by the inner mandrel. Therefore, we developed a way to perform microcatheter shaping by means of an external cast, which we named “microcatheter shaping cast.” Techniques: A shaping mandrel attached to a microcatheter was used and coiled 4–5 times around a metallic introducer, which was attached using a microguidewire. Then, a stent-like handmade cast was prepared. After the microcatheter tip was inserted into the cast, it was manually bent according to the aneurysmal shape and size. The tip and cast were heated with a hot air gun. We evaluated the relationship between degrees of bending and heating time to achieve appropriate right-angled shaping memory. Conclusions: The presented microcatheter shaping method should be more useful than conventional internal shaping, especially in cases that require an additional microcatheter shaping or reshaping during aneurysmal coil embolization.
Superficial temporal artery: Middle cerebral artery bypass, our series of 20 cases, surgical technique and indications with illustrative cases
Authors: Cheikh Abderrahmane , Yasuhiro Yamada , Kasinathan Sudhakar , Kawase Tsukasa , Takao Teranishi , Kato Yoko
Published: August 2019

The first extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery was performed by professor Yasargil in 1967 since then this procedure has been widely used in vascular neurosurgery and sometimes, in tumors excision when a vascular sacrifice is necessary. In this article, we will illustrate the surgical technique of the superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass with two cases; a 59-year-old male and 64-year-old female who presented with an occlusion of the MCA. The male presented also with a posterior communicating artery-IC aneurysm which was clipped in the same sitting. We also studied in this paper a series of 20 patients operated in Banbuntane Hotokukai Hospital, Fujita Health University, for which a low-flow STA-MCA anastomosis was done for steno-occlusive disease or moyamoya disease. In Banbuntane Hotokukai Hospital, Fujita Health University, 20 patients were operated since 2015, 12 patients were male. Five patients presented with moyamoya disease, while 15 patients presented with vascular steno-occlusive disease. The steno-occlusion was found in internal carotid artery in nine patients. The patients were divided into two categories (steno-occlusive disease and moyamoya). STA-MCA bypass is now one of the basic techniques to master in vascular neurosurgery. It requires to perform the anastomosis correctly within the permissible time. The goal is to have a long-term patency for the anastomosed vessel.
Correction of postlaminectomy cervical kyphosis in an operated case of cervical spine primitive neuroectodermal tumor
Authors: Srivastava Sudhir , Marathe Nandan , Bhosale Sunil , Gautham Sai
Published: August 2019

A 14-year-old boy presented with gradually worsening spastic quadriparesis and cervical kyphotic deformity as a consequence of laminectomy for tumor debulking and chemoradiotherapy done 2 years prior for cervical primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Problems to be addressed particularly to the case were a rigid kyphosis of 102.7°, poor soft-tissue coverage, internal gibbus compressing cord, perched facets, and superficial location of cord. The surgery was staged, in that the first anterior release was done with gradually increasing traction to correct the kyphosis progressively. Posterior instrumentation was done in the second stage. Finally, anterior reconstruction with tricortical iliac bone grafting was done. The patient regained full power with complete union at the end of 18 months. Irradiation of tumor along with laminectomy results in loss of posterior tension band which results in progressive kyphotic deformity in children. A staged plan of surgical interventions can help in postoperative correction of deformity with circumferential union and prevention of recurrence. This article describes successful treatment of a patient with postlaminectomy cervical kyphosis with 77° of correction achieved postoperatively and also highlights the importance of anterior and posterior reconstructions to achieve a stable vertebral column.
Combined transpedicular-transarticular approach for ventrally located thoracic intradural meningiomas
Authors: Balaha Ahmed , Shamhoot Ebrahim
Published: August 2019

Background: The ventrally located intradural meningiomas in the thoracic spine are still considered a challenge for all spine surgeons. Many surgical approaches were developed to excise the lesion without violating the neural structures. They differ in their invasiveness, safety, and efficacy. One of these approaches is the postero-lateral combined transpedicular-transarticular approach (TPA-TAA). Patients and Methods: From January 2016 to December 2018, all patients with ventrally located thoracic meningiomas were operated on using the combined TPA-TAA. We evaluated all the patients preoperatively, immediate postoperative, and 6 months later. Clinical and functional outcomes were assessed using the muscle strength grade and the Nurick grading system. Magnetic resonance imaging was obtained for all patients postoperative and at 6 months later. Results: After 6 months, all patients experienced clinical and functional improvement. The mean muscle strength grade rose from 3.8 preoperatively to 4.8 after 6 months. According to the Nurick grading system, the mean preoperative grade was 4.4 and dropped to 1.8 after 6 months. Minor transient complications such as superficial wound infection and the cerebrospinal fluid leak were observed in 1 patient for each. Gross total tumor excision was achieved in all patients. No cases of tumor recurrence were noted during the follow-up period. Conclusions: This combined TPA-TAA is considered a safe and effective approach in excising ventrally located intradural thoracic meningiomas with minimal postoperative morbidities.
The use of osirix for surgical planning using cranial measures and region of interest tools: Technical note
Authors: Lovato Renan , Araujo Joao , Paiva Aline , Pesente Francisco , Yaltirik Cumhur , Harput Mehmet , Esteves Veiga José
Published: August 2019

Background: During the surgery for intrinsic brain lesions, it is important to plan the proper site of the craniotomy and to identify the relations with the gyri and superficial veins. This might be a challenge, especially in small subcortical lesions and when there is a distortion of the cortical anatomy. Materials and Methods: Using the free computer software Osirix, we have created a 3-dimensional reconstruction of the head and cerebral showing the gyri and superficial veins. With the aid of some tools, it is possible to create a colored image of the lesion and also to calculate the distance between the areas of interest and some easily identifiable structure, making it easier to plan the site of the craniotomy identify the topography of the lesion. Results: The reconstructions were compared to the intraoperative view. We found this technique to be useful to help identify the gyri and cortical veins and use them to find the lesions. The use of a region of interest to show better the lesion under the cortical surface and in the three-dimensional reconstruction of the head was also helpful. Conclusions: This is a low-cost and easy technique that can be quickly learned and performed before every surgery. It helps the surgeon to plan a safe craniotomy and lesionectomy.