bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epitope Mapping of Pathogenic Autoantigens on Sjögren’s Syndrome-Susceptible Human Leukocyte Antigens Using In Silico Techniques
Authors: Gupta Shivai , Li Danmeng , Ostrov David A. , Nguyen Cuong Q.
Published: March 2022

Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and the dysfunction of the salivary and lacrimal glands. The autoimmune response is driven by the effector T cells and their cytokines. The activation of the effector helper T cells is mediated by autoantigen presentation by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules of antigen-presenting cells. Studies using familial aggregation, animal models, and genome-wide association demonstrate a significant genetic correlation between specific risk HLAs and SjS. One of the key HLA alleles is HLA-DRB1*0301; it is one of the most influential associations with primary SjS, having the highest odds ratio and occurrence across different ethnic groups. The specific autoantigens attributed to SjS remain elusive, especially the specific antigenic epitopes presented by HLA-DRB1*0301. This study applied a high throughput in silico mapping technique to identify antigenic epitopes of known SjS autoantigens presented by high-risk HLAs. Furthermore, we identified specific binding HLA-DRB1*0301 epitopes using structural modeling tools such as Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource IEDB, AutoDock Vina, and COOT. By deciphering the critical epitopes of autoantigens presented by HLA-DRB1*0301, we gain a better understanding of the origin of the antigens, determine the T cell receptor function, learn the mechanism of disease progression, and develop therapeutic applications.
Alopecia Areata and Dexamethasone Mini-Pulse Therapy, A Prospective Cohort: Real World Evidence and Factors Related to Successful Response
Authors: Sánchez-Díaz Manuel , Montero-Vilchez Trinidad , Bueno-Rodriguez Ahinoa , Molina-Leyva Alejandro , Arias-Santiago Salvador
Published: March 2022

The mini-pulse oral corticosteroids treatment for alopecia areata (AA) is an accessible treatment whose efficacy and adverse effects have not yet been properly described. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of the mini-pulse oral corticosteroids treatment in patients with AA, and to explore potential factors associated to the response in a real-world setting. An observational study of a prospective cohort to assess the effectiveness and safety of a mini-pulse dexamethasone treatment in patients with AA, who failed to improve with topical therapies, was performed. A SALT II score and other clinical and safety variables were recorded at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. An overall significant and progressive decrease of the SALT score was found during treatment: SALT-50 response was achieved after 9 months in 51.8% of the patients. Hypothyroidism and early age of onset were predictors of the lack of response to treatment. The treatment combination with oral minoxidil showed no effect on the SALT score reduction. Dexamethasone daily and cumulative dose were associated with a higher percentage of side effects. To conclude, the mini-pulse oral corticosteroids treatment is an effective treatment for AA, although patients with an early onset of the disease and hypothyroidism may not benefit.
Cardiovascular Risk Perception and Knowledge among Italian Women: Lessons from IGENDA Protocol
Authors: Maffei Silvia , Meloni Antonella , Deidda Martino , Sciomer Susanna , Cugusi Lucia , Cadeddu Christian , Gallina Sabina , Franchini Michela , Scambia Giovanni , Mattioli Anna Vittoria , Surico Nicola , Mercuro Giuseppe ,   IGENDA Study Group
Published: March 2022

A multicenter, cross-sectional observational study (Italian GENder Differences in Awareness of Cardiovascular risk, IGENDA study) was carried out to evaluate the perception and knowledge of cardiovascular risk among Italian women. An anonymous questionnaire was completed by 4454 women (44.3 ± 14.1 years). The 70% of respondents correctly identified cardiovascular disease (CVD) as the leading cause of death. More than half of respondents quoted cancer as the greatest current and future health problem of women of same age. Sixty percent of interviewed women considered CVD as an almost exclusively male condition. Although respondents showed a good knowledge of the major cardiovascular risk factors, the presence of cardiovascular risk factors was not associated with higher odds of identifying CVD as the biggest cause of death. Less than 10% of respondents perceived themselves as being at high CVD risk, and the increased CVD risk perception was associated with ageing, higher frequency of cardiovascular risk factors and disease, and a poorer self-rated health status. The findings of this study highlight the low perception of cardiovascular risk in Italian women and suggest an urgent need to enhance knowledge and perception of CVD risk in women as a real health problem and not just as a as a life-threatening threat.
Prenatal Diagnosis and Outcome of Scimitar Syndrome: A Case Series of Six Patients
Authors: Recker Florian , Weber Eva Christin , Strizek Brigitte , Herberg Ulrike , Brockmaier Konrad , Gottschalk Ingo , Geipel Annegret , Gembruch Ulrich , Berg Christoph
Published: March 2022

Scimitar syndrome is a rare disease characterized by hypoplasia of the right lung and partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage to the inferior vena cava. All cases with a prenatal diagnosis of scimitar syndrome with or without associated malformations in an 18-year period (2000–2018) in two large tertiary referral centers (University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany) were retrospectively reviewed for the intrauterine course and postnatal outcome. Six cases were diagnosed in the study period. All presented with hypoplasia of the right lung, right-sided mediastinal shift, and abnormal pulmonary venous drainage to the inferior vena cava. Systemic arterial blood supply to the right lung, albeit postnatally present in all cases, could not be detected prenatally. Major associated anomalies were present in all cases and included atrial septal defect (n = 5), coarctation (n = 3), diaphragmatic hernia (n = 2), and VACTERL association (n = 1). Half of the cohort died within 6 months after birth and all three survivors suffer from long-term pulmonary sequelae. The primary hint to the prenatal diagnosis of scimitar syndrome is the abnormal position of the heart in the chest. If searched for, abnormal venous drainage can be identified prenatally and confirms the diagnosis. The prognosis depends on the presence of associated major anomalies and the need for neonatal intervention.
A Comparison of Oxygenation Efficacy between High-Flow Nasal Cannulas and Standard Facemasks during Elective Tracheal Intubation for Patients with Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wu Yu-Ming , Li Chun-Cheng , Huang Shih-Yu , Su Yen-Hao , Wang Chien-Wun , Chen Jui-Tai , Shen Shih-Chiang , Lo Po-Han , Yang Yun-Ling , Cherng Yih-Giun , Wu Hsiang-Ling , Tai Ying-Hsuan
Published: March 2022

Obese patients are predisposed to rapid oxygen desaturation during tracheal intubation. We aimed to compare the risk of desaturation between high-flow nasal oxygenation (HFNO) and classical facemask oxygenation (FMO) during rapid sequence intubation for elective surgery in obese patients. Adults with a body mass index ≥30 kg·m−2 undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at a medical center were randomized into the HFNO group (n = 40) and FMO group (n = 40). In the HFNO group, patients used a high-flow nasal cannula to receive 30 to 50 L·min−1 flow of heated and humidified 100% oxygen. In the FMO group, patients received a fitting facemask with 15 L·min−1 flow of 100% oxygen. After 5-min preoxygenation, rapid sequence intubation was performed. The primary outcome was arterial desaturation during intubation, defined as a peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) <92%. The risk of peri-intubation desaturation was significantly lower in the HFNO group compared to the FMO group; absolute risk reduction: 0.20 (95% confidence interval: 0.05–0.35, p = 0.0122); number needed to treat: 5. The lowest SpO2 during intubation was significantly increased by HFNO (median 99%, interquartile range: 97–100) compared to FMO (96, 92–100, p = 0.0150). HFNO achieved a higher partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) compared to FMO, with medians of 476 mmHg (interquartile range: 390–541) and 397 (351–456, p = 0.0010), respectively. There was no difference in patients’ comfort level between groups. Compared with standard FMO, HFNO with apneic oxygenation reduced arterial desaturation during tracheal intubation and enhanced PaO2 among patients with obesity.
Exploring the Developmental Potential of Human Germinal Vesicle Oocytes Aiming at Fertility Preservation: Can We Increase the Yields of Competent Oocytes through IVM Combined with Vitrification?
Authors: Hao Xia , Phoon Jessie , Barbunopulos Lina , Sheikhi Mona , Palomares Arturo Reyes , Rodriguez-Wallberg Kenny A.
Published: March 2022

The rescue in vitro maturation (rIVM) of germinal vesicle oocytes (GVs) has been proposed to improve the total number of mature oocytes in women undergoing fertility preservation. Currently, there is no consensus about the clinical utility of this practice, and heterogeneity in the protocols used may influence the final outcomes. This study investigated the developmental potential of mature metaphase II (MII) human oocytes obtained from GVs after rIVM and the impact of applying vitrification at different timepoints either before or after rIVM. After randomization, oocytes were assigned to undergo rIVM and thereafter vitrification or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or to undergo direct vitrification-warming and thereafter rIVM and ICSI. The likelihood of obtaining MII oocytes was just slightly higher in the fresh rIVM group compared to the vitrification-warming-rIVM group. When comparing fresh rIVM that underwent subsequently ICSI, the fertilization and developmental rates up to the blastocyst stage were seen to be reduced in both groups that underwent vitrification either before or after rIVM. Although some blastocysts were obtained in the fresh rIVM-ICSI group, the efficacy of these methods was low overall, suggesting that the further development of protocols for IVM conducted early after denudation is needed to improve the final results of rIVM aiming at fertility preservation.
Goals of Care Conversations in Long-Term Care during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mallery Laurie , Shetty Nabha , Moorhouse Paige , Miller Ashley Paige , von Maltzahn Maia , Buckler Melissa , MacLeod Tanya , Stewart Samuel A. , Krueger-Naug Anne Marie
Published: March 2022

Goals of care discussions typically focus on decision maker preference and underemphasize prognosis and outcomes related to frailty, resulting in poorly informed decisions. Our objective was to determine whether navigated care planning with nursing home residents or their decision makers changed care plans during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The MED-LTC virtual consultation service, led by internal medicine specialists, conducted care planning conversations that balanced information-giving/physician guidance with resident autonomy. Consultation included (1) the assessment of co-morbidities, frailty, health trajectory, and capacity; (2) in-depth discussion with decision makers about health status and expected outcomes; and (3) co-development of a care plan. Non-parametric tests and logistic regression determined the significance and factors associated with a change in care plan. Sixty-three residents received virtual consultations to review care goals. Consultation resulted in less aggressive care decisions for 52 residents (83%), while 10 (16%) remained the same. One resident escalated their care plan after a mistaken diagnosis of dementia was corrected. Pre-consultation, 50 residents would have accepted intubation compared to 9 post-consultation. The de-escalation of care plans was associated with dementia, COVID-19 positive status, and advanced frailty. We conclude that during the COVID-19 pandemic, a specialist-led consultation service for frail nursing home residents significantly influenced decisions towards less aggressive care.
Effect of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy on the Levels of Selected Parameters Reflecting Metabolic and Inflammatory Disturbances in HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Jurkowska Karolina , Szymańska Beata , Knysz Brygida , Piwowar Agnieszka
Published: March 2022

Subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treated with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) show a greater predisposition to metabolic disturbances compared to the general population. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of cART on the level of selected parameters related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular diseases and inflammation in the plasma of HIV-infected patients against the uninfected. The levels of irisin (IRS), myostatin (MSTN), peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), fetuin A (FETU-A), pentraxin 3 (PTX 3), chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), and regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in the plasma of HIV-infected patients and the control group were measured by immunoassay methods. HIV-infected patients were analyzed in terms of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cell count, HIV RNA viral load, and the type of therapeutic regimen containing either protease inhibitors (PIs) or integrase transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). The analysis of HIV-infected patients before and after cART against the control group showed statistically significant differences for the following parameters: IRS (p = 0.02), MSTN (p = 0.03), PYY (p = 0.03), GLP-1 (p = 0.03), PTX3 (p = 0.03), and RANTES (p = 0.02), but no significant differences were found for DPP-4, FETU-A, and SDF-1. Comparing the two applied therapeutic regimens, higher levels of all tested parameters were shown in HIV-infected patients treated with INSTIs compared to HIV-infected patients treated with PIs, but the differences were not statistically significant. The obtained results indicated significant changes in the expression of selected parameters in the course of HIV infection and cART. There is need for further research on the clinical usefulness of the selected parameters and for new information on the pathogenesis of HIV-related comorbidities to be provided. The obtained data may allow for better monitoring of the course of HIV infection and optimization of therapy in order to prevent the development of comorbidities as a result of long-term use of cART.
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in Females with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Long-Term Effects of Milwaukee Brace Treatment
Authors: Glowacki Jakub , Latuszewska Joanna , Okret Adam , Skowron Natalia , Misterska Ewa , Opydo-Szymaczek Justyna
Published: March 2022

Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) more frequently suffer dysfunctions of dento-skeletal complex. To our knowledge, no study has ever evaluated the temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) of AIS patients at least 23 years after the completion of Milwaukee brace treatment. We aimed to provide a complex assessment of TMD and AIS patients treated with a Milwaukee brace, in a minimum 23-year follow-up, using radiological, clinical, and socio-demographical data, and to adapt the TMD Disability Index Questionnaire (TMDQ) and Fonseca’s questionnaire (FQ) to Polish conditions. In total, 42 healthy females and 30 AIS patients with a minimum of 23 years after a completed Milwaukee brace treatment were asked to complete the Polish version of (TMDQ-PL) and (FQ-PL). AIS patients present higher TMD levels than healthy controls. Significant differences exist between TMDQ-PL and FQ-PL (both in total scores and particular sub-sections), and AIS patients. Clinical and radiological factors affected the TMDQ-PL and FQ-PL results. Adult patients with scoliosis treated conservatively present limitations in everyday activities connected with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The variety of curve-related factors in a long-term follow-up of wearing the Milwaukee brace influence TMJ.
Prevention of Peripheral Distal Polyneuropathy in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Carvajal-Moreno Lidia , Coheña-Jiménez Manuel , García-Ventura Irene , Pabón-Carrasco Manuel , Pérez-Belloso Ana Juana
Published: March 2022

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most frequent chronic complication and is that which generates the highest disability and mortality in diabetes mellitus (DM). As it is currently the only microvascular complication of DM without a specific treatment, prevention is essential. The aim of this study was to determine the most effective preventive strategy to avoid or delay the appearance and/or development of DPN in patients with DM. Methods: A systematic search was carried out in the main health science databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PEDro and The Cochrane Library) from 1 January 2010 to 31 August 2020. The study selection was conducted by two independent reviewers and data extraction was performed by the author. The eligibility criteria included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and cohort studies from RCTs. Results: Eleven studies were selected that included 23,595 participants with DM. The interventions evaluated were intensive or standard glycemic control, the use of drugs to achieve glycemic control, and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and exercise. Intensive glucose control achieved a significant reduction in the development of DPN in TIDM patients, and lifestyle modifications and exercise achieved it moderately in TIIDM patients. Conclusions: The main preventive strategy for DPN is intensive glycemic control with a target HbA1c < 6% in patients with TIDM and standard control of 7.0–7.9 in patients with TIIDM, incorporating lifestyle modifications.
Comparative Study by Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Peri-Implant Effect of Two Types of Platforms: Platform-Switching versus Conventional Platforms
Authors: Juan-Montesinos Alejo , Agustín-Panadero Rubén , Solá-Ruiz Maria Fernanda , Marco-Pitarch Rocío , Montiel-Company Jose María , Fons-Badal Carla
Published: March 2022

Objective: The aim of the systematic review and meta-analysis carried out was to evaluate the effects of changing the prosthetic platform on peri-implant tissue after 1 year of prosthetic loading. Material and methods: In November 2020, an electronic search was carried out in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases with the aim of obtaining all the randomized clinical trials that had been published in the preceding 10 years comparing the effects on the peri-implant tissue of implants with a prosthetic platform change and implants with a conventional platform for at least 1 year after prosthetic loading. Randomized model meta-analyses of the selected studies were performed to compare the results of the two implant groups in terms of vertical maintenance of bone level and increased probing depth. Results: Nine studies were included, summing up a total of 475 implants with prosthetic platform exchange and 462 implants with a conventional platform. Implants with prosthetic platform exchange had less peri-implant bone loss than implants with a conventional platform (mean difference of 0.255 mm, statistically significant) but suffered a greater increase in probing depth (mean difference of 0.082 mm, not statistically significant). However, the probing depth from One Study Remove revealed a statistically significant increase of 0.190 mm in the prosthetic platform exchange group compared to the conventional platform group. Conclusion: Implants with platform switching suffer less peri-implant bone loss after 1 year of loading than implants with a conventional platform. Further long-term studies are required to observe how these differences vary over time.
Unveiling the Pathogenesis of Adenomyosis through Animal Models
Authors: Wang Xi , Benagiano Giuseppe , Liu Xishi , Guo Sun-Wei
Published: March 2022

Background: Adenomyosis is a common gynecological disorder traditionally viewed as “elusive”. Several excellent review papers have been published fairly recently on its pathogenesis, and several theories have been proposed. However, the falsifiability, explanatory power, and predictivity of these theories are often overlooked. Since adenomyosis can occur spontaneously in rodents and many other species, the animal models may help us unveil the pathogenesis of adenomyosis. This review critically tallies experimentally induced models published so far, with a particular focus on their relevance to epidemiological findings, their possible mechanisms of action, and their explanatory and predictive power. Methods: PubMed was exhaustively searched using the phrase “adenomyosis and animal model”, “adenomyosis and experimental model”, “adenomyosis and mouse”, and “adenomyosis and rat”, and the resultant papers were retrieved, carefully read, and the resultant information distilled. All the retrieved papers were then reviewed in a narrative manner. Results: Among all published animal models of adenomyosis, the mouse model of adenomyosis induced by endometrial–myometrial interface disruption (EMID) seems to satisfy the requirements of falsifiability and has the predictive capability and also Hill’s causality criteria. Other theories only partially satisfy Hill’s criteria of causality. In particular, animal models of adenomyosis induced by hyperestrogenism, hyperprolactinemia, or long-term exposure to progestogens without much epidemiological documentation and adenomyosis is usually not the exclusive uterine pathology consequent to those induction procedures. Regardless, uterine disruption appears to be a necessary but not sufficient condition for causing adenomyosis. Conclusions: EMID is, however, unlikely the sole cause for adenomyosis. Future studies, including animal studies, are warranted to understand how and why in utero and/or prenatal exposure to elevated levels of estrogen or estrogenic compounds increases the risk of developing adenomyosis in adulthood, to elucidate whether prolactin plays any role in its pathogenesis, and to identify sufficient condition(s) that cause adenomyosis.
Systematic Approach for Finite Element Analysis of Thermoplastic Impregnated 3D Filament Winding Structures—Advancements and Validation
Authors: Haas Jonathan , Aberle Daniel , Krüger Anna , Beck Björn , Eyerer Peter , Kärger Luise , Henning Frank
Published: March 2022

This work aims to enhance and validate a systematic approach for the structural finite element (FE) analysis of thermoplastic impregnated 3D filament winding structures (fiber skeletons). The idealized modeling of geometrically complex fiber skeletons used in previous publications is refined by considering additional characteristic dimensions and investigating their mechanical influence. Moreover, the modeling approach is transferred from the meso- to the macro-level in order to reduce modeling and computational effort. The properties of meso- and macro-level FE models are compared using the example of simple loop specimens. Based on the results, respective application fields are defined. In the next step, the same modeling approach is applied to a more complex, three-dimensional specimen—the inclined loop. For its macro-level FE model, additional material characterization and modeling, as well as enhancements in the modeling of the geometry, are proposed. Together with previously determined effective composite properties of fiber skeletons, these results are validated in experimental tensile tests on inclined loop specimens.
The Capabilities of Dedicated Small Satellite Infrared Missions for the Quantitative Characterization of Wildfires
Authors: Halle Winfried , Fischer Christian , Oertel Dieter , Zhukov Boris
Published: March 2022

The main objective of this paper was to demonstrate the capability of dedicated small satellite infrared sensors with cooled quantum detectors, such as those successfully utilized three times in Germany’s pioneering BIRD and FireBIRD small satellite infrared missions, in the quantitative characterization of high-temperature events such as wildfires. The Bi-spectral Infrared Detection (BIRD) mission was launched in October 2001. The space segment of FireBIRD consists of the small satellites Technologie Erprobungs-Träger (TET-1), launched in July 2012, and Bi-spectral InfraRed Optical System (BIROS), launched in June 2016. These missions also significantly improved the scientific understanding of space-borne fire monitoring with regard to climate change. The selected examples compare the evaluation of quantitative characteristics using data from BIRD or FireBIRD and from the operational polar orbiting IR sensor systems MODIS, SLSTR and VIIRS. Data from the geostationary satellite “Himawari-8” were compared with FireBIRD data, obtained simultaneously. The geostationary Meteosat Third Generation-Imager (MTG-I) is foreseen to be launched at the end of 2022. In its application to fire, the MTG-I’s Flexible Combined Imager (FCI) will provide related spectral bands at ground sampling distances (GSD) of 3.8 µm and 10.5 µm at the sub-satellite point (SSP) of 1 km or 2 km, depending on the used FCI imaging mode. BIRD wildfire data, obtained over Africa and Portugal, were used to simulate the fire detection and monitoring capability of MTG-I/FCI. A new quality of fire monitoring is predicted, if the 1 km resolution wildfire data from MTG-1/FCI are used together with the co-located fire data acquired by the polar orbiting Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), and possibly prospective FireBIRD-type compact IR sensors flying on several small satellites in various low Earth orbits (LEOs).
Punching of Ultra-High-Strength Spring Strips: Evolution of Cutting Edge Radius up to 1,000,000 Strokes for Three Punch Materials
Authors: Winter Sven , Richter Karsten , Galiev Elmar , Nestler Matthias , Psyk Verena , Kräusel Verena
Published: March 2022

Punching of ultra-high-strength spring steel causes critical stresses in the tools. Pronounced wear and even spontaneous failure may occur. Wear of the punches influences the quality of the cutting surfaces of the blanked parts, which is predominantly determined by the cutting edge radius. The radius differs with an increasing number of strokes depending on the punch material. However, there are no studies characterizing the influence of the cutting edge radius on the cutting surface quality on an industrial scale, i.e., considering a very high number of strokes. In the presented study, punches made of high-speed steel, powder metallurgical steel and carbide were used to punch the ultra-high-strength steel 1.4310 (Rm = 1824 MPa) up to 1,000,000 strokes. The experiments were stopped at defined number of strokes, the punches were removed, nondestructively characterized regarding cutting edge radius and wear and reinstalled. It turned out that the radius differed significantly over the number of strokes and, further, varied depending on the punch material. Remarkably, the most low-cost material, precisely the high-speed steel, showed the smallest cutting edge radius of 16 µm and brought the parts with the best cutting surface quality (more than 30% burnish zone) after the maximum number of strokes. The results indicate clearly that the cutting edge radius develops differently for each regarded material and at different number of strokes. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to perform wear tests on different numbers of strokes under industrial conditions. With the knowledge gained, it will be possible to design optimized punches with lower costs and increased lifetime.
Effects of Artificial Extraoral Markers on Accuracy of Three-Dimensional Dentofacial Image Integration: Smartphone Face Scan versus Stereophotogrammetry
Authors: Mai Hang-Nga , Lee Du-Hyeong
Published: March 2022

Recently, three-dimensional (3D) facial scanning has been gaining popularity in personalized dentistry. Integration of the digital dental model into the 3D facial image allows for a treatment plan to be made in accordance with the patients’ individual needs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of extraoral markers on the accuracy of digital dentofacial integrations. Facial models were generated using smartphone and stereophotogrammetry. Dental models were generated with and without extraoral markers and were registered to the facial models by matching the teeth or markers (n = 10 in each condition; total = 40). Accuracy of the image integration was measured in terms of general 3D position, occlusal plane, and dental midline deviations. The Mann–Whitney U test and two-way analysis of variance were used to compare results among face-scanning systems and matching methods (α = 0.05). As result, the accuracy of dentofacial registration was significantly affected by the use of artificial markers and different face-scanning systems (p < 0.001). The deviations were smallest in stereophotogrammetry with the marker-based matching and highest in smartphone face scans with the tooth-based matching. In comparison between the two face-scanning systems, the stereophotogrammetry generally produced smaller discrepancies than smartphones.
Comparison of the Results of Therapy for cT1 Renal Carcinoma with Nephron-Sparing Surgery (NSS) vs. Percutaneous Thermal Ablation (TA)
Authors: Rusinek Michał , Salagierski Marek , Różański Waldemar , Jakóbczyk Bartłomiej , Markowski Michał , Lipiński Marek , Wilkosz Jacek
Published: March 2022

Implementation of ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) into abdominal cavity diagnostics enabled early detection of cT1 graded renal cancers. According to European Association of Urology (EAU) and Polish urological Association (PUA) recommended method of treatment is sparing resection of renal parenchyma with tumour—nephron-sparing surgery (NSS). In selected cases other methods such as thermal ablation (TA) or cryoablation can be introduced /1/. Objectives: To evaluate the results of treatment of cT1 renal tumours with the use of NSS and TA methods. Material and methods: 140 patients with cT1 renal carcinoma were treated in 2nd Department of Urology of Medical University of Lodz between 2014 and 2017. Neuron-sparing surgery was performed in 56 cases (40%), while percutane-ous thermal ablation (TA) in 84 cases (60%). Demographic data, clinical data (lab results, Charlson index), nephrometry data (tumour size, location, R.E.N.A.L. score) post-operative data (Clavien-Dindo classifica-tion) were investigated. Histopathology results, Fuhrman malignancy grading, as total three-year survival of patients were evaluated. The following methods were used for statistical evaluation: Chi2, Fisher, W Shapiro-Wilk, U Mann-Whitney tests, Kaplan-Meier’s curve and Cox model. The results were displayed in a form of median and upper and lower quartile values (25–75%). Results: No statistical differences in gender nor left/right kidney location were observed. Patients, who underwent TA were at average 10 years older and had multiple comorbidities (median age for TA was 79, for NSS 68; median Charlson index for TA was 5 and for NSS was 3). TA patients had lesser haematological values (Hb, Ht). R.E.N.A.L. scoring demonstrated comparable nephrometry in both groups. NSS procedure was open laparotomy without temporary clamping of renal vessels. Surgical margins of resected tumours were negative. TA was performed with Cool-Tip Covidienequipment with the use of Cluster electrode and was ultraso-nography-guided. Post-treatment complications evaluated with the use of Clavien-Dindo classification were slightly more frequent for NSS method. Patients after NSS were discharged at average after 8.5 days and after TA after 3 days. Histopathological type and Fuhrman malignancy grading were comparable in both groups. TA treated patients’ death risk was 9-fold of that observed in NSS treated patients. There was 1 death for each group in perioperative period. Conclusion: 1. NSS was associated with slightly higher side effect rate but resulted in prolonged survival. 2. TA was applied to elderly patients with comorbidities. Despite less invasive treatment this group had poorer/reduced survival. 3. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the treatment method were relevant survival factors in patients treated due to cT1 renal cancer tumours.
Women’s Experiences with Compliance with Pelvic Floor Home Exercise Therapy and Lifestyle Changes for Pelvic Organ Prolapse Symptoms: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Torres-Lacomba María , Navarro-Brazález Beatriz , Yuste-Sánchez María José , Sánchez-Sánchez Beatriz , Prieto-Gómez Virginia , Vergara-Pérez Fernando
Published: March 2022

In this study, we aimed to investigate women’s experiences with compliance with prescribed pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFMEs) and lifestyle changes 6–12 months after completing an individual pelvic floor physiotherapy program. This study was targeted to understanding factors affecting adherence to PFMEs and lifestyle changes to deal with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) symptoms. We designed this research as a descriptive qualitative study. We conducted this study from December 2016 to September 2017 in Madrid, Spain. Twenty-six women with symptomatic POP selected using a purposive sampling method participated in six focus groups and three one-to-one semi-structured interviews. Three authors coded and inductively analyzed transcript contents with iterative theme development. A thematic analysis revealed three main themes: (1) symptoms change; (2) PFMEs and lifestyle changes performance; and (3) a health practitioner–patient relationship. Women identified as adherent reported improvement in physical symptoms and emotional and general state as a result of the new knowledge achieved. Fear also promoted compliance with performing PFMEs and adopting lifestyle changes. Likewise, PFMEs preference and routine, integration of PFMEs and lifestyle changes into activities of daily living, support guides, therapeutic alliance, individual supervision, follow-up, and feedback were also identified as adherence facilitators. One of the biggest barriers that we identified was responsibility. Compliance with prescribed PFMEs and lifestyle changes can be improved with effective individual, women-centered, and supervised physiotherapy programs reducing symptoms, including exercises aligned with women’s preferences that are easy to integrate in daily living, promoting knowledge and awareness of their condition, providing written or electronic guidelines, with routine follow-up visits offering both positive feedback and clear and consistent messages, and enhancing therapeutic alliance.
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter for Predicting Outcomes in Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kim Jae-Guk , Kim Wonhee , Shin Hyungoo , Lim Tae-Ho , Jang Bo-Hyoung , Cho Youngsuk , Choi Kyu-Sun , Na Min-Kyun , Ahn Chiwon , Lee Juncheol
Published: March 2022

We aimed to identify the efficacy of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in predicting mortality and poor neurological outcomes (PNO) in post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) by the measurement time of outcomes. We conducted an extensive literature search in EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library, which included studies on the prognostic accuracy of ONSD in predicting PNO and mortality in PCAS by the measured time of outcomes. A total of 791 patients from nine studies were included. Increased ONSD was weakly associated with PNO by a high heterogeneity (standardized mean difference with 95% confidence interval = 0.74 (0.22, 1.27); I2 = 87%). The analysis by the measurement time of PNO and mortality for ONSD had no significant difference due to insufficient articles or high heterogeneities. The prognostic accuracy of ONSD was 23.97 (pooled diagnostic odds ratio, I2 = 0%) and 0.94 (area under the curve) for short-term PNO. The pooled results showed low or very low quality and very low quality of evidence for PNO and mortality, respectively. ONSD measurement might be an effective predictor for short-term PNO in PCAS. An analysis by measurement time of outcomes showed no significant evidence for ONSD measurement effectiveness in predicting mortality and PNO.
Mapping Agricultural Lands: From Conventional to Regenerative
Authors: Bergmann Luke , Chaves Luis Fernando , Betz Carolyn R. , Stein Serena , Wiedenfeld Brian , Wolf Ann , Wallace Robert G.
Published: March 2022

In an era in which conventional agriculture has come under question for its environmental and social costs, regenerative agriculture suggests that land management practices can be organized around farming and grazing practices that regenerate interdependent ecological and community processes for generations to come. However, little is known about the geographies of ‘regenerative’ and ‘conventional’ agricultural lands—what defines them, where they are, and the extent to which actual agricultural lands interweave both or are characterizable by neither. In the context of the Midwest of the United States, we develop and map an index quantifying the degrees to which the agricultural lands of counties could be said to be regenerative, conventional, or both. We complement these results by using a clustering method to partition the land into distinct agricultural regions. Both approaches rely on a set of variables characterizing land we developed through an iterative dialogue across difference among our authors, who have a range of relevant backgrounds. We map, analyze, and synthesize our results by considering local contexts beyond our variables, comparing and contrasting the resulting perspectives on the geographies of midwestern agricultural lands. Our results portray agricultural lands of considerable diversity within and between states, as well as ecological and physiographic regions. Understanding the general patterns and detailed empirical geographies that emerge suggests spatial relationships that can inform peer-to-peer exchanges among farmers, agricultural extension, civil society, and policy formation.
Evaluating Neighborhood Green-Space Quality Using a Building Blue–Green Index (BBGI) in Nanjing, China
Authors: Li Zhiming , Chen Xiyang , Shen Zhou , Fan Zhengxi
Published: March 2022

High-quality urban green space (UGS) is an integral part of a livable city. The scientific evaluation of UGS has great value for improving the quality and efficiency of green spaces. In this study, we integrated the water and walking networks into the existing green index model and proposed a new green index: the building blue–green index (BBGI). Using this method, we analyzed the quality of green spaces within 300 m of 2138 buildings located in 13 communities in the Mochou Lake subdistrict in Nanjing, China. The results revealed that the green-space quality of high-rise, low-density buildings was greater than that of low-rise, high-density buildings. In addition, buildings close to water had higher green-space quality, while impervious surfaces reduced green-space quality. Furthermore, the connectivity and orientation of the road network indicated that even if a community was close to large parks and water bodies, there would still be lower green-space quality. This study’s findings highlight the usefulness of evaluation methods for green-space quality that combine blue and green spaces. We also propose feasible measures for improving neighborhood green-space planning and land management.
Single-Cell Image-Based Analysis Reveals Chromatin Changes during the Acquisition of Tamoxifen Drug Resistance
Authors: Zhao Han , Lin Li F. , Hahn Joshua , Xie Junkai , Holman Harvey F. , Yuan Chongli
Published: March 2022

Cancer drug resistance is the leading cause of cancer related deaths. The development of drug resistance can be partially contributed to tumor heterogeneity and epigenetic plasticity. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying epigenetic modulated drug resistance remains elusive. In this work, we systematically analyzed epigenetic changes in tamoxifen (Tam) responsive and resistant breast cancer cell line MCF7, and adopted a data-driven approach to identify key epigenetic features distinguishing between these two cell types. Significantly, we revealed that DNA methylation and H3K9me3 marks that constitute the heterochromatin are distinctively different between Tam-resistant and -responsive cells. We then performed time-lapse imaging of 5mC and H3K9me3 features using engineered probes. After Tam treatment, we observed a slow transition of MCF7 cells from a drug-responsive to -resistant population based on DNA methylation features. A similar trend was not observed using H3K9me3 probes. Collectively, our results suggest that DNA methylation changes partake in the establishment of Tam-resistant breast cancer cell lines. Instead of global changes in the DNA methylation level, the distribution of DNA methylation features inside the nucleus can be one of the drivers that facilitates the establishment of a drug resistant phenotype in MCF7.
Distinguishing Evolutionary Conservation from Derivedness
Authors: Leong Jason Cheok Kuan , Uesaka Masahiro , Irie Naoki
Published: March 2022

While the concept of “evolutionary conservation” has enabled biologists to explain many ancestral features and traits, it has also frequently been misused to evaluate the degree of changes from a common ancestor, or “derivedness”. We propose that the distinction of these two concepts allows us to properly understand phenotypic and organismal evolution. From a methodological aspect, “conservation” mainly considers genes or traits which species have in common, while “derivedness” additionally covers those that are not commonly shared, such as novel or lost traits and genes to evaluate changes from the time of divergence from a common ancestor. Due to these differences, while conservation-oriented methods are effective in identifying ancestral features, they may be prone to underestimating the overall changes accumulated during the evolution of certain lineages. Herein, we describe our recently developed method, “transcriptomic derivedness index”, for estimating the phenotypic derivedness of embryos with a molecular approach using the whole-embryonic transcriptome as a phenotype. Although echinoderms are often considered as highly derived species, our analyses with this method showed that their embryos, at least at the transcriptomic level, may not be much more derived than those of chordates. We anticipate that the future development of derivedness-oriented methods could provide quantitative indicators for finding highly/lowly evolvable traits.
The Advantages of Inorganic Fertilization for the Mass Production of Copepods as Food for Fish Larvae in Aquaculture
Authors: Hong Guo-Kai , Tew Kwee Siong
Published: March 2022

Copepods are commonly used as live feed for cultured fish larvae, but the current mass production method using organic fertilizers cannot meet the market demand for copepods. We evaluated the feasibility of applying an inorganic fertilization method, which is currently in use in freshwater and marine larviculture, to the mass production of copepods. For 30 days, and with five replicates of each treatment, we made comparative daily measurements of various parameters of (1) copepod cultures fertilized with commercially available condensed fish solubles (organic fertilization) and (2) other cultures in which the concentration of inorganic phosphorus was maintained at 100 μg P L−1 and that of inorganic nitrogen at 700 μg N L−1 (inorganic fertilization). With inorganic fertilization, pH fluctuated over a smaller range and much less filamentous algae grew in the tanks. The mean production of copepod nauplii over the course of the study was similar between the two treatments, but the combined density of copepodites and adult copepods was significantly higher with inorganic fertilization. Compared to commercial zooplankton products, copepods cultured with inorganic fertilization were smaller, were mixed with fewer (almost none) non-copepod contaminants, were also pathogen-free, and could be produced at the cheapest cost per unit output. Based on these results, we conclude that the inorganic fertilization method can profitably be adopted by commercial copepod producers to meet the demand from fish farmers, especially for small-sized copepods.
Near-Infrared Fluorescence Tumor-Targeted Imaging in Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Neijenhuis Lisanne K. A. , de Myunck Lysanne D. A. N. , Bijlstra Okker D. , Kuppen Peter J. K. , Hilling Denise E. , Borm Frank J. , Cohen Danielle , Mieog J. Sven D. , Steup Willem H. , Braun Jerry , Burggraaf Jacobus , Vahrmeijer Alexander L. , Hutteman Merlijn
Published: March 2022

Lung cancer is the most common cancer type worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the most common subtype. Non-disseminated NSCLC is mainly treated with surgical resection. The intraoperative detection of lung cancer can be challenging, since small and deeply located pulmonary nodules can be invisible under white light. Due to the increasing use of minimally invasive surgical techniques, tactile information is often reduced. Therefore, several intraoperative imaging techniques have been tested to localize pulmonary nodules, of which near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence is an emerging modality. In this systematic review, the available literature on fluorescence imaging of lung cancers is presented, which shows that NIR fluorescence-guided lung surgery has the potential to identify the tumor during surgery, detect additional lesions and prevent tumor-positive resection margins.
Environmental and Human Microbiome for Health
Authors: Panthee Bimala , Gyawali Saroj , Panthee Pratiksha , Techato Kuaanan
Published: March 2022

Microorganisms are an essential part of life on the earth and can exist in association with virtually any living thing. The environmental microbiome is much more diverse than the human microbiome. It is reported that most microbes existing in the environment are difficult to culture in the laboratory. Whereas both pathogenic and beneficial microbes may be prevailing in the environment, the human body can have three categories of microbes- beneficial, pathogenic, and opportunistic pathogenic. With at least 10-fold more cells than human cells, microbes as normal flora are critical for human survival. The microbes present in the human body play a crucial role in maintaining human health, and the environmental microbiome influences the human microbiome makeup. The interaction between the environmental and human microbiome highly influences human health, however it is poorly understood. In addition, as an established infection is associated with health-seeking behavior, a large number of studies have focused on the transmission and dynamics of infectious microorganisms than the noninfectious or beneficial ones. This review will summarize how the interaction between the environmental and human microbiome affects human health and identify approaches that might be beneficial for humans to improve health by being exposed to the natural environment.