bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of ITS architectures
Authors: Fünfrocken Manuel , Otte Andreas , Vogt Jonas , Wolniak Niclas , Wieker Horst
Published: October 2018

Worldwide intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) are at the edge from research and development to deployment and commercial operation. Japan has already introduced ITS technology in the market and the USA and the European Union have elaborated planes for deployment. ITS in this context means communication and services based on communication technology between vehicles and other traffic participants on one hand and traffic and road infrastructure, vehicle manufacturer, and other mobility service provider on the other hand. For a successful introduction, a reliable and secure exchange of mobility‐related information is a key factor. To provide such an exchange for an overall architecture for ITS and for all participants and users is necessary. With the introduction of the market, the assessment of an ITS architecture without an existing reference system arises. Since most assessment methods currently existing, measure how ‘good’ an architecture is in comparison with another architecture. In this study, the authors describe ways and approaches how existing methods can be extended and combined to provide means for the assessment of ITS architectures in the pre‐deployment phase. As a result, deploying parties should be enabled to assess an architecture before introducing it to the public.
Merging safety and cybersecurity analysis in product design
Authors: Suo Dajiang , Siegel Joshua E. , Sarma Sanjay E.
Published: October 2018

When developing cyber‐physical systems such as automated vehicles, safety and cybersecurity analyses are often conducted separately. However, unlike in the IT world, safety hazards and cybersecurity threats converge in cyber‐physical systems; a malicious party can exploit cyber‐threats to create extremely hazardous situations, whether in autonomous vehicles or nuclear plants. The authors propose a framework for integrated system‐level analyses for functional safety and cyber security. They present a generic model named Threat Identification and Refinement for Cyber‐Physical Systems (TIRCPS) extending Microsoft's six classes of threat modelling including Spoofing, Tampering, Repudiation, Information Disclosure, Denial‐of‐Service and Elevation Privilege. TIRCPS introduces three benefits of developing complex systems: first, it allows the refinement of abstract threats into specific ones as physical design information becomes available. Second, the approach provides support for constructing attack trees with traceability from high‐level goals and hazardous events (HEs) to threats. Third, TIRCPS formalises the definition of threats such that intelligent tools can be built to automatically detect most of a system's vulnerable components requiring protection. They present a case study on an automated‐driving system to illustrate the proposed approach. The analysis results of a hierarchical attack tree with cyber‐threats traceable to high‐level HEs are used to design mitigation solutions.
WOAPR: an affinity propagation based clustering and optimal path selection for time‐critical wireless sensor networks
Authors: Sakthidasan Krishnan , Vasudevan Natarajan , Kumara Guru Diderot Paramesvarane , Kadhiravan Chellakkutti
Published: October 2018

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) spread their returns to every field having the requirement of continuous monitoring. Clustering is an important mechanism in WSN for minimum energy consumption and better network performance. In these networks, optimal paths need to be determined for efficient flow of data. The power efficiency and quality of service are the two most essential aspects looked‐for to realise the network. However, this hypothesis has been a changing characteristic based on the innovative applications. Consequently, the quality‐of‐service aspect is gaining much significance than the efficient power design of the sensor network. This study proposes a clustering‐based routing protocol for time‐critical WSN named as whale optimised affinity propagation‐based routing protocol. This protocol reduces energy consumption and improves energy efficiency through clustering and routing algorithms. The performance of the proposed protocol is evaluated using various metrics and the proposed approach shows significant improvement over the existing approaches.
Six‐phase SVPWM with common‐mode voltage suppression
Authors: Zheng Jian , Rong Fei , Li Peiyao , Huan Shoudao , He Yigang
Published: October 2018

There are two common‐mode voltages (CMVs) in a six‐phase machine with two Y‐connected windings shifted by 30°, which bring adverse effects on the six‐phase system. In this study, a method of six‐phase space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is proposed, which can suppress the magnitude and frequency of the two CMVs. First, all basic vectors are divided into 16 classes, from which two classes of basic vectors are selected. With these two classes of basic vectors, some auxiliary vectors are constructed according to an optimisation model. Then a reference vector is synthesised by using these auxiliary vectors. There are two kinds of synthesis schemes, single‐class synthesis and two‐class synthesis. Finally, optimal sequences of the basic vectors that play a role in each switching period are obtained. The experimental results show that the peak‐to‐valley value of CMV is only one‐third of the DC‐bus voltage of the converter in the two‐class synthesis, and the frequency of CMV is only three times of the line voltage fundamental frequency, which is far below the switching frequency of the converter.
Mosaic scene deception jamming based on 2D separation modulation against SAR
Authors: Chang Xin , Dong Chunxi , Tang Zhengzhao , Dong Yang‐Yang
Published: October 2018

The false scene, which is formed by the false scene deception jamming signal, can cover the real target and scene, confuse synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and mislead the decision‐making. If an area is selected to be protected by utilising the false scene deception jamming, the computational burden of the jammer is related to the number of false scatterers. An important problem faced by the SAR deceptive jammer is how to generate the false scene with the low computational burden. To overcome this disadvantage, a mosaic scene deception jamming based on two‐dimensional separation is proposed against SAR. The intercepted SAR signal is separated and retransmitted in azimuth and range to enlarge the width of the main lobe and generate the ‘mosaic scene’, which reduces the resolution of the false targets to fill the protected area. Therefore, the number of false scatterers is decreased and the computational burden is also reduced. Moreover, to make a low‐resolution false scene similar to the real scene and ensure the jamming effectiveness, the mosaic scene deception jamming template should be highly correlated with the false scene deception jamming template. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is verified by the simulation results.
Perception and reduction of Wi‐Fi interference on NavIC signals
Authors: Jagiwala Darshna D. , Shah Shweta N.
Published: October 2018

The NAVigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) system contributes navigation solution all time during all weather conditions, anywhere within India and a region extending about 1500 km around India. The dual‐band NavIC system uses the L5 and S bands for navigation. The existence of real‐time Wi‐Fi signal generates out of band radio frequency interference (RFI) to the S‐band signal of NavIC. This interference has been perceived at particular frequencies of the S‐band signal of NavIC and the reduction algorithm is proposed for this kind of interference which is based on wavelet packet decomposition. The exact spectral location of the RFI is identified and only affected interfered wavelet coefficients are processed to achieve interference reduction. The results have proven a significant amount of reduction of Wi‐Fi interference in the S‐band signal.
Preparation and characterisation of poly(butylene succinate) microcarriers containing pesticide
Authors: Liu Yakun , Guo Baohua
Published: October 2018

Microcarriers containing pesticide have been designed to improve drug stability and increase release efficiency, which is favourable to the environment and agriculture development. In this work, biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) microspheres containing pesticide, λ‐cyhalothrin, as an active agent are prepared by the solvent evaporation induced phase separation method. The microspheres show a uniform morphology and a narrow particle size distribution. The pesticide content is measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The prepared microcarriers demonstrate high‐loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency and long release time, which may find potential applications as new pesticide formulations.
Monte-Carlo methods for NLTE spectral synthesis of supernovae
Authors: Ergon M. , Fransson C. , Jerkstrand A. , Kozma C. , Kromer M. , Spricer K.
Published: October 2018

We present JEKYLL, a new code for modelling of supernova (SN) spectra and lightcurves based on Monte-Carlo (MC) techniques for the radiative transfer. The code assumes spherical symmetry, homologous expansion and steady state for the matter, but is otherwise capable of solving the time-dependent radiative transfer problem in non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium (NLTE). The method used was introduced in a series of papers by Lucy, but the full time-dependent NLTE capabilities of it have never been tested. Here, we have extended the method to include non-thermal excitation and ionization as well as charge-transfer and two-photon processes. Based on earlier work, the non-thermal rates are calculated by solving the Spencer-Fano equation. Using a method previously developed for the SUMO code, macroscopic mixing of the material is taken into account in a statistical sense. To save computational power a diffusion solver is used in the inner region, where the radiation field may be assumed to be thermalized. In addition, a statistical Markov-chain model is used to sample the emission frequency more efficiently, and we introduce a method to control the sampling of the radiation field, which is used to reduce the noise in the radiation field estimators. Except for a description of JEKYLL, we provide comparisons with the ARTIS, SUMO and CMFGEN codes, which show good agreement in the calculated spectra as well as the state of the gas. In particular, the comparison with CMFGEN, which is similar in terms of physics but uses a different technique, shows that the Lucy method does indeed converge in the time-dependent NLTE case. Finally, as an example of the time-dependent NLTE capabilities of JEKYLL, we present a model of a Type IIb SN, taken from a set of models presented and discussed in detail in an accompanying paper. Based on this model we investigate the effects of NLTE, in particular those arising from non-thermal excitation and ionization, and find strong effects even on the bolometric lightcurve. This highlights the need for full NLTE calculations when simulating the spectra and lightcurves of SNe.
SEDIGISM: the kinematics of ATLASGAL filaments
Authors: Mattern M. , Kauffmann J. , Csengeri T. , Urquhart J. S. , Leurini S. , Wyrowski F. , Giannetti A. , Barnes P. J. , Beuther H. , Bronfman L. , Duarte-Cabral A. , Henning T. , Kainulainen J. , Menten K. M. , Schisano E. , Schuller F.
Published: October 2018

Analyzing the kinematics of filamentary molecular clouds is a crucial step toward understanding their role in the star formation process. Therefore, we study the kinematics of 283 filament candidates in the inner Galaxy, that were previously identified in the ATLASGAL dust continuum data. The 13CO(2 – 1) and C18O(2 – 1) data of the SEDIGISM survey (Structure, Excitation, and Dynamics of the Inner Galactic Inter Stellar Medium) allows us to analyze the kinematics of these targets and to determine their physical properties at a resolution of 30′′ and 0.25 km s−1. To do so, we developed an automated algorithm to identify all velocity components along the line-of-sight correlated with the ATLASGAL dust emission, and derive size, mass, and kinematic properties for all velocity components. We find two-third of the filament candidates are coherent structures in position-position-velocity space. The remaining candidates appear to be the result of a superposition of two or three filamentary structures along the line-of-sight. At the resolution of the data, on average the filaments are in agreement with Plummer-like radial density profiles with a power-law exponent of p ≈ 1.5 ± 0.5, indicating that they are typically embedded in a molecular cloud and do not have a well-defined outer radius. Also, we find a correlation between the observed mass per unit length and the velocity dispersion of the filament of m ∝ σv2. We show that this relation can be explained by a virial balance between self-gravity and pressure. Another possible explanation could be radial collapse of the filament, where we can exclude infall motions close to the free-fall velocity.
Introduction to wind energy systems
Authors: Wagner Hermann-Josef
Published: October 2018

This article presents the basic concepts of wind energy and deals with the physics and mechanics of operation. It describes the conversion of wind energy into the rotation of a turbine, and the critical parameters governing the eﬃciency of this conversion. After that it presents an overview of the various parts and component of windmills. The connection to the electrical grid, the world status of wind energy use for electricity production, the cost situation and research and development needs are further aspects which will be considered.
Concept and status of Concentrating Solar Power systems
Authors: Pitz-Paal R.
Published: October 2018

Development of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems has started about 40 years ago. A ﬁrst commercial implementation was performed between 1985 and 1991 in California. However, a drop in gas prices caused a longer period without further deployment. It was overcome in 2007 when new incentive schemes for renewables in Spain and the US enabled a commercial restart. In 2017, almost 100 commercial CSP plants with more than 5 GW are installed worldwide. This paper describes the physical background of CSP technology, its technical characteristics and concepts. Furthermore, it discusses system performances, cost structures and the expected advancement.
Numerical Implementation and validation of turbulent premixed combustion model for lean mixtures
Authors: Muppala Siva , Madhav Rao Vendra C.
Published: October 2018

The present paper discusses the numerical investigation of turbulent premixed flames under lean conditions. Lean premixed combustion, a low NOx emission technique but are prone to instabilities, extinction and blow out. Such flames are influenced by preferential diffusion due to different mass diffusivities of reactants and difference between heat and mass diffusivities in the reaction zone. In this numerical study, we estimate non-reacting flow characteristics with implementation of an Algebraic Flame Surface Wrinkling Model (AFSW) in the open source CFD code OpenFOAM. In these flows, the mean velocity fields and recirculation zones were captured reasonably well by the RANS standard k-epsilon turbulence model. The simulated turbulent velocity is in good agreement with experiments in the shear-generated turbulence layer. The reacting flow study was done at three equivalence ratios of 0.43, 0.5 and 0.56 to gauge the ability of numerical model to predict combustion quantities. At equivalence ratios 0.5 and 0.56 the simulations showed numerical oscillations and non-convergence of the turbulent quantities. This leads to a detailed parametric variation study where, the pre-constant of AFSW model is varied with values 0.3, 0.35 and 0.4. However the study revealed the weak dependence of pre-constant value on the equivalence ratio. Hence the pre-constant value is fit for specific equivalence ratio based on the parametric variation study. The tuned AFSW model with fitted pre-constant specific to given equivalence ratio predicted are compared with experiments and discussed. The tuned AFSW model produced turbulent flame speed values which are good agreement with experiments.
CARS and Fluorescent study of ignition of H2/O2 mixtures upon photodissociation of O2 molecular
Authors: Kobtsev Vitaly , Kostritsa Sergey , Kozlov Dmitrii , Pelevkin Alexey , Smirnov Valery , Titova Natalia , Torokhov Sergey , Vereshchagin Konstantin , Volkov Sergey
Published: October 2018

The research is devoted to gas mixtures ignition by UV laser radiation. The dissociation of O2 molecules by a pulse of excimer ArF laser radiation at 193-nm wavelength with formation of the chemically active oxygen atoms initiating chain reactions which cause ignition of H2/O2 mixture was employed. The experimental test bench was created with CARS and fluorescent techniques for experimental investigation of some peculiarities of mixture ignition and combustion caused by such photo-dissociation, at conditions typical for combustion chamber. Two-dimensional numerical modeling of combustion process in model combustion chamber, based on kinetic mechanism of H2 oxidation including atom O(1P) and radicals OH(A2Σ+), was performed.
A geometric approach to the modelling of critical phenomena for a spray combustion model
Authors: Shchepakina Elena
Published: October 2018

The paper is devoted to the modelling of the critical phenomena in multiscale combustion models. Such models are usually described by singularly perturbed systems of differential equations to reflect the significant distinction in characteristic relaxation times of different physicochemical processes. The paper proposes an approach for modelling of critical phenomena on the basis of the geometric asymptotic method of invariant manifolds. The critical phenomenon means as a sharp change in the dynamics of the process under consideration. As an illustration of this approach a dynamic model of fuel spray ignition and combustion is considered. The realizability conditions for the critical regime is obtained in the form of the asymptotic expression for the control parameter. The main feature of the critical regime is that during it the temperature of the combustible mixture can reach a high value within the framework of a safe process. It is shown that the critical regime plays the role of a watershed between the slow combustion regimes and the thermal explosion.
Numerical study of H2S-H2O-air mixture conversion to hydrogen via activation of air by an electric discharge
Authors: Arsentiev Ilya , Savelieva Vera , Titova Nataliya
Published: October 2018

The numerical analysis of H2 production during partial oxidation of H2S–H2O–air in a plug-flow reactor at a rather low temperature (T 0=500 K) was conducted. For the reforming process promotion, the oxidizer (air) was activated by an electrical discharge with different values of reduced electric field E/N and input energy E s. It was shown that a significant hydrogen yield in a flow reactor can be obtained only after mixture ignition. The ignition delay length turned out to be minimal at E/N~4–10 and 120–150 Td, when O2(a1Δg) mole fraction in the discharge products is maximal. If the H2S–H2O–air mixture ignites inside the flow reactor, the H2 mole fraction and its relative yield do not depend on E/N. The relative hydrogen yield increases monotonically with an increase of H2O amount. The specific energy requirement for H2 production in considered process was evaluated.
Mathematical modeling of the impact of forest fires on buildings and structures
Authors: Perminov Valeriy , Marzaeva Victoria
Published: October 2018

The protection of buildings and structures in a community from destruction by forest fires is a very important concern. This paper addresses the development of a mathematical model for fires in the wildland-urban intermix. The forest fire is a very complicated phenomenon. At present, fire services can forecast the danger rating of, or the specific weather elements relating to, forest fire. There is need to understand and predict forest fire initiation, behavior and impact of fire on the buildings and constructions. This paper’s purposes are the improvement of knowledge on the fundamental physical mechanisms that control forest fire behavior. The mathematical modeling of forest fires actions on buildings and structures has been carried out to study the effects of fire intensity and wind speed on possibility of ignition of buildings.
Refining the workflow of combustion chamber with toroidal recirculation mixing zone
Authors: Orlov Mikhail , Anisimov Vladislav , Kolomzarov Oleg , Anisimov Mikhail
Published: October 2018

The object of the study is a straight-flow annular combustion chamber (CC) with toroidal recirculation-mixing zone which has significant reserves of minimization in size. The workflow of the CC has a number of problems, which arise due to the lack of experimental and calculated data. The aim of the study is to refine the design of the CC with toroidal recirculation-mixing to obtain the necessary workflow parameters. The first step of maturation involved the organization of swirl structure at primary zone. On the second step there were conducted the refining of the flame shape in primary combustion zone. The third step was devoted to the formation of the necessary temperature field at the outlet of the CC. As a result, an acceptable design of the combustion chamber was obtained.
Green building standard assessment at a higher education institution
Authors: Nurcahyo Rahmat , Sari Nurmala , Habiburrahman Muhammad , Kristiningrum Ellia
Published: October 2018

The environmental impact caused by the construction of the building is very large. A building will require great energy, electricity, water, and also produces large amounts of waste. To prevent that, a concept of development that caring the state of the environment is needed. The concept is known as the green building concept. This research was conducted to assess academic buildings at a higher education institution using green building assessment. The criteria for assessment is based on Greenship Rating System which consists of six categories such as appropriate site development, energy efficiency and conservation, water conservation, material resources and cycle, indoor air health and comfort, building and environment management. The results of this research are comparison between the green building actual and ideal conditions using gap analysis. Action plans also developed to achieve the expected green conditions according to Green Building Certification.
Analysis of ISO 9001:2015 certification readiness of JP-Graha product of Jasaraharja Putera using gap analysis
Authors: Purwanggono Bambang , Bakhtiar Arfan , Rahman H Rifky
Published: October 2018

The fierce competition of global economy requires company to have a good Quality Management System (QMS). Efforts done by the company included applying standards of Quality Management System (QMS) ISO 9001. ISO 9001 is a standard that contains requirements of quality management system, published by the International Organization for Standarization (IOS). The object of this research is JP-GRAHA PT Jasaraharja Putera. JP-GRAHA is one of the product from PT Jasaraharja dealing with fire insurance. JP-GRAHA already implemented ISO 9001:2008. But the implementation of ISO 9001:2008 suffer from a decline in consistency, meanwhile the company must prepare to upgrade into ISO 9001:2015. This research aims to identify the readiness of the company in the facing Certification of ISO 9001:2015 and provide recommendations to improve the readiness of the company. The method used in this research is Gap Analysis to evaluate current company state and assess the readiness of the company in facing certification of ISO 9001:2015. Gap Analysis is a checklist made based on the existing requirements icluded in ISO 9001:2015. The results from the calculation using the checklist will show how the readiness of JP-GRAHA PT Jasaraharja Putera in light of performing certification of ISO 9001:2015
Neural network method for control valve cost estimation on the EPC project bidding
Authors: Putra Gilang Almaghribi Sarkara , Triyono Rendra Agus
Published: October 2018

Cost estimation on the bidding phase is a crucial stage that determines the success of the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) project. If the cost offered to the client is too high then it could not compete with the other bidder, but if the cost offered are too low it can reduce profit margins and result in losses for the EPC companies. This paper describe the use of Back Propagation Neural Network method to help determine cost estimation. This method is applied specifically to determine control valve cost estimation on the bidding phase so that the retrieved costs will be accurate. When there is no technical and price quotation from vendors as well as the narrowness of the bidding processing time, this method can be an alternative choice to determine the price based on previous vendor quotation. In the future, this method could be developed and applied for other instrumentation equipment such as transmitter, switch, analyzer, control system and others to achieve total cost estimation of instrumentation equipment in EPC bidding proposal.
Application of LEAP model on long-term electricity demand forecasting in Indonesia, period 2010-2025
Authors: Windarta Jaka , Purwanggono Bambang , Hidayanto Fuad
Published: October 2018

Electricity demand forecasting is an important part in energy management especially in electricity planning. Indonesia is a large country with a pattern of electricity consumption which continues to increase, therefor need to forecasting electricity demand in order to avoid unbalance demand and supply or deficit energy. LEAP (Long-range Energy Alternative Planning System) as a tool energy model and Indonesia as a case study. Basically, electricity demand is influenced by population, economy and electricity intensity. The purpose of this study is to provide understanding and application of electricity demand forecasting by using LEAP. The base year is 2010 and end year projection is 2025. The scenarios of simulated model consist of two scenarios. They are Business as Usual (BAU) and Government policy scenario. Results of both scenarios indicate that end year electricity demand forecasting in Indonesia increased more than two fold compared to base year.
Simulation and economic analysis of solar cooling for building in tropical climate of Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Tarigan Elieser
Published: October 2018

The possibility of solar cooling technologies is simulated and discussed in this work. Cooling system application for a six-floor university building in Surabaya Indonesia was taken as a case study. Two different solar technologies systems were designed and compared: (i) photovoltaic powered cooling system, and (ii) solar thermal absorption cooling system. Economic analysis was carried out based on the economic key-figures as well as the CO2 emission analysis. Based on the results gained in the profitability analysis, the most economically feasible system is solar thermal absorption cooling system due to the good agreement between solar radiation andcooling demand. Besides, this systems allows the maximum CO2 emissions savings.
Analysis of Scraps Cause of Noodle Production in PT. Indofood CBP Success Makmur Tbk. using Fault Tree Analysis Methods
Authors: Puspita Sari Diana , Tri Parwati Sela , Ika Rinawati Dyah , Wicaksono Purnawan A.
Published: October 2018

Food industry can survive when they can improve the productivity to meets the customer needs. PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Noodle Division is one of food industry in Indonesia. Based on the production data of PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Noodle Division Cibitung plant 3, found that the number of scrap noodles is almost always above the company minimum limit. This condition causes the company losing a profit of about 1.3 million per day per line. Based on these problems, this study aims to find the root causes of scraps of noodles production, then provide the advice on prevention of high amount of scrap of noodle production. The method used in this research is Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Five Step Plan analysis. The result of FTA analysis shows the cause of the high scrap of noodle production is the number of blocks noodles that fall as it passes through the conveyor in the frying and packing process, and because the operator less observant in connects the spice etiquette, less thorough to set the speed of the autoloader engine, less careful in case of handling the noodles. Suggested solutions include the implementation of 'seiri' by sorting reject spice oil and spices; 'seiton' by placing rolls of etiquette in easily reach place by the operator; 'seiko' by discarding etiquette, spices, and spiced oils into their respective containers; 'seiketsu' which is the division of responsibility for cleanliness of each operator; and 'shitsuke' ie routine briefing based on schedule.
Cost-benefit analysis of flight extended operations (ETOPS) for Garuda Indonesia airways
Authors: Purwaningsih Ratna , Pritandari Lakshita , Santoso Haryo
Published: October 2018

Garuda Indonesia reducing the flight cost used flight extended operations (ETOPS). ETOPS can reduce travel time and fuel consumption. The cost-benefit analysis was conducted to compare the flight between NON ETOPS flight and ETOPS flight Cengkareng - Perth - Cengkareng route. Net benefit of ETOPS flight is USD 1.212.863 and NON ETOPS is USD 1.154.894. Cost structure analysis was conducted to identify the percentage of flight cost component. The biggest percentage of cost was direct flight cost. It is equal to 49,53% for route Cengkareng - Perth NON-ETOPS and 47,70% for ETOPS. While for the route Perth Cengkareng NON-ETOPS and ETOPS have the same amount of 46.03%. Based on the results of the cost-benefit analysis, it is evident that the ETOPS flight can reduce the fuel cost, although the flight requires trained pilots. Contribution of the paper is brief describe on the structure of revenue and expenditure items in airways business. The structure is specific, different from other transportation business.
α-Glucosidase Inhibitory and Anti-Inflammatory Coumestans from the Roots of Dolichos trilobus
Authors: Jiang Meng-Yuan , Luo Ming , Tian Kai , Li Yan-Hong , Sun Jing-Xian , Lu Ya , Pu Xiao-Yun , Huang Xiang-Zhong
Published: October 2018

Four new coumestans dolichosins A – D (1–4) were isolated from the roots of Dolichos trilobus, together with four known compounds: isosojagol (5), phaseol (6), psoralidin (7), and 4″,5″-dehydroisopsoralidin (8). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation, mass spectrometric analyses, and the comparison with literature data of related compounds. The anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds (1–8) was evaluated through the inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, in which compounds 1 and 6 displayed moderate inhibitory activity and no cytotoxic effects. In a α-glucosidase inhibitory assay, compounds 1 and 5–8 exhibited appreciable inhibition on α-glucosidase. Especially compounds 1, 7, and 8 showed IC50 values lower than 20.0 µM.
Effect of Potentilla Fulgens L. on Selected Enzyme Activities and Altered Tissue Morphology in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Majaw Suktilang , Challam Sooni , Syiem Donkupar
Published: October 2018

Introduction The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vitro inhibitory effect of the Potentilla fulgens extract on amylase, α- and β-glucosidase, and lipase, as well as its effect on the ultrastructure of the liver, of the kidneys, and of the eye tissues in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The present study was designed to get further insight regarding the action of P. fulgens from what has been previously known and reported about this plant.

Materials and Methods Roots of P. fulgens were extracted with 10 volumes of aqueous-methanol solution (1:4), and the prepared extract was used for in vitro inhibitory activity on amylase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, and lipase. Afterwards, the plant extract was intraperitoneally administered for alternated days (250 mg/kg body weight) to diabetic mice for 4 weeks, and an ultrastructural examination of the liver, the kidneys and the eye tissues was performed using a transmission electron microscope (JEM-100 CX II, Jeol Ltd., Tokyo Japan).

Results The P. fulgens extract showed inhibitory activity against all the four enzymes (amylase, α- and β-glucosidase, and lipase), with the highest percentage of inhibition (94.57% ± 0.16 at 1 mg/mL) being observed against α-glucosidase when compared with the standard. The ultrastructural studies revealed a distortion in the structure of the nuclei and of the mitochondria in the kidneys and liver tissues of diabetic mice. Distortion of cell shape and disturbed orientation was observed in the eye lens of diabetic mice. The P. fulgens extract reversed/protected/reduced the ultrastructural alteration observed in the tissues (liver, kidney, and eye lens) of diabetic mice.

Conclusion The inhibitory effect of the P. fulgens extract against the aforementioned enzymes and its protective effect on the tissues of diabetic mice against alloxan-induced diabetes add further insight into the antidiabetic properties of this plant.
Anesthesia for Patients with Prior Stroke
Authors: Karnik Hemangi Sanjay , Jain Ruchi Arunkumar
Published: October 2018

An increasing number of patients with a prior history of stroke present for various types of surgeries. They have varying degree of neurological disability and associated co-morbidities, which pose challenges for their perioperative management. There is paucity in literature about their management guidelines for noncardiac, noncarotid surgeries. The available literature suggests higher risk of perioperative stroke, postoperative neurological deficits, and other morbidities. Measures to reduce perioperative risks are discussed in this review. Prior optimization by improving modifiable risk factors, choosing appropriate timing of elective surgery, and careful titration of anesthesia and close monitoring are needed.
Integrated on-chip silicon plasmonic four quadrant detector for near infrared light
Authors: Grajower Meir , Desiatov Boris , Mazurski Noa , Levy Uriel
Published: October 2018

The ability to accurately track light beams in a given space is highly desired for myriad applications e.g., laser cutting, welding, interferometry, sensing, optical tweezers, free space optical communications, and more. Typically, achieving this goal in the short wave infrared requires the use of a cumbersome and expensive InGaAs photodetector implemented as a four quadrant (4Q) device. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate an attractive approach by implementing a cost effective novel silicon based plasmonic 4Q photodetector. Our 4Q photodetector is implemented using a CMOS compatible plasmonic enhanced IPE Schottky photodetector and can operate in the short wave infrared band, where conventional silicon photodetectors cannot detect light. We have demonstrated the operation of the device and were able to accurately track optical beams of various beam waists at telecom wavelengths. The demonstrated device is based on standard materials and fabrication techniques which are common in the CMOS industry. As such, it provides an additional important example for the potential of plasmonics in the realization of chip scale novel devices which can be integrated with multiple other functionalities.
Using a natural experiment to estimate the electoral consequences of terrorist attacks
Authors: Balcells Laia , Torrats-Espinosa Gerard
Published: October 2018

This study investigates the consequences of terrorist attacks for political behavior by leveraging a natural experiment in Spain. We study eight attacks against civilians, members of the military, and police officers perpetrated between 1989 and 1997 by Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA), a Basque terrorist organization that was active between 1958 and 2011. We use nationally and regionally representative surveys that were being fielded when the attacks occurred to estimate the causal effect of terrorist violence on individuals’ intent to participate in democratic elections as well as on professed support for the incumbent party. We find that both lethal and nonlethal terrorist attacks significantly increase individuals’ intent to participate in a future democratic election. The magnitude of this impact is larger when attacks are directed against civilians than when directed against members of the military or the police. We find no evidence that the attacks change support for the incumbent party. These results suggest that terrorist attacks enhance political engagement of citizens.
A Persian Account of the Religious Customs of the Magh (Arakanese) from Early Colonial Bengal
Authors: d’Hubert Thibaut
Published: October 2018

The document presented in this article is a quasi-ethnographic account of the religious customs of the Magh (i.e. Arakanese), which was most probably collected on the basis of firsthand observations made in the region of Chittagong, in southeastern Bengal, sometime in the 1780s, or early 1790s. The commissioner of the document is John Murray-MacGregor (1745–1822), a Scottish officer of the British East India Company, who remained in Bengal for about three decades and brought back with him one of the largest private collections of Persian manuscripts, as well as some bilingual Sanskrit–Persian texts, and twenty-two bundles of Pali and Arakanese manuscripts collected in eastern Bengal.
Why invisible boundaries matter: imagined institutions and power
Authors: Ray Tim
Published: October 2018

This paper develops an alternative to Erin Meyer’s influential argument that national culture determines how people in a nation behave, thereby creating invisible boundaries that divide nations according to behavioural stereotypes. Whereas Meyer makes the implicit assumption that we could observe national culture and its effect on behaviour as if from a God’s Eye point of view, we might do better to begin with an Insider’s Eye perspective on whom we could trust to do what. If we take too much for granted, we may miss invisible boundaries that matter; which might have happened when the English executive, Michael Woodford, became president and CEO of Japan’s Olympus Corporation, only to find himself fearing for his life after exposing fraud that his Japanese colleagues thought wise to hide. Woodford’s startling story is used here to consider three conceptual questions. First, how might power mediated by what people imagine influence the evolution of institutional ecologies, together with invisible boundaries that divide insiders from outsiders? Second, why should management theorists move from an objective God’s Eye perspective to Insider’s Eye reflections on power mediated by imagined institutions? And third, if we want to avoid falling foul of invisible boundaries, what should we do?
From fundamentals to applications of bioelectrocatalysis: bioelectrocatalytic reactions of FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase and bilirubin oxidase
Authors: Tsujimura Seiya
Published: October 2018

In this review, I present the main highlights of my works in the development of bioelectrocatalysis, which can be used in widespread applications, particularly for the design of biosensor and biofuel cells. In particular, I focus on research progress made in two key bioelectrocatalytic reactions: glucose oxidation by flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase and oxygen reduction by bilirubin oxidase. I demonstrate the fundamental principles of bioelectrocatalysis and the requirements for enhancing the catalytic performance, including the choice of a mediator of redox reactions, immobilization, and electrode materials. These methods can allow for achieving control of the bioelectrocatalytic reaction, thereby overcoming obstacles toward their industrial applications.
Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum as a prototrophic pyruvate-producing strain: Characterization of a ramA-deficient mutant and its application for metabolic engineering
Authors: Kataoka Naoya , Vangnai Alisa S , Pongtharangkul Thunyarat , Yakushi Toshiharu , Wada Masaru , Yokota Atsushi , Matsushita Kazunobu
Published: October 2018

To construct a prototrophic Corynebacterium glutamicum strain that efficiently produces pyruvate from glucose, the effects of inactivating RamA, a global regulator responsible for activating the oxidative tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, on glucose metabolism were investigated. ΔramA showed an increased specific glucose consumption rate, decreased growth, comparable pyruvate production, higher formation of lactate and acetate, and lower accumulation of succinate and 2-oxoglutarate compared to the wild type. A significant decrease in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity was observed for ΔramA, indicating reduced carbon flow to the TCA cycle in ΔramA. To create an efficient pyruvate producer, the ramA gene was deleted in a strain lacking the genes involved in all known lactate- and acetate-producing pathways. The resulting mutant produced 161 mM pyruvate from 222 mM glucose, which was significantly higher than that of the parent (89.3 mM; 1.80-fold).
Automatic Identification of Traffic Accidents based on Intelligent Identification
Authors: Chen Huihong , Li Shiming
Published: October 2018

The traffic accident process system is complex, by extracting the traffic accident information, the real-time state monitoring of the traffic accident image can be realized. A method of traffic accident information extraction and automatic recognition is proposed based on depth neural network and intelligent image analysis. The remote sensing method is used to collect the traffic accident image, the traffic accident remote sensing image is adaptively de-noised, and the block feature matching method is used to deal with the traffic accident image block fusion. The feature extraction of traffic accident state is carried out in the subspace component of traffic accident image, and the image feature classification of traffic accident is processed by using depth neural network classifier to realize image feedback recognition of traffic accident state feature quantity. A large number of traffic video images are selected for experiments. The simulation results show that the proposed method is more intelligent and accurate.
Functional Attachment in Kuching Riverfront Promenade, Sarawak - Malaysia
Authors: Karsono Bambang , Abdullah @ Goh Tuo Ho Nurakmal , Amer Koesmeri Dona Rose , Gregory Zayn Al-Abideen , Samat Yon Syafni
Published: October 2018

The relationship between people and certain places can stimulate the sense of place, this process is recognized as place attachment. Place attachment also indicates the relationship between physical image and its function, through this process the sense of a place can be established. These concepts focus on the physical elements and activities together with the user-influenced meanings that will create the identity and the meaning of the place. Allowing for this issue, the research examines the functional attachment which will affect the level of attachment in Kuching Riverfront Promenade (KRP), a popular public space among local people. By using indirect method to simplify common patterns and human-specific patterns of the place, this research covers subject of place attachment. Questionnaire survey was carried out at several areas at the promenade with an overall of 165 respondents and 18 stall operators were interviewed. The findings point out that the respondents have strong association with the local environment and designate the importance of place as economics dependence and recreational place. The level of functional attachment to KRP is between level 1 to level 4. Measuring at level 4 involves a higher commitment in loyalty, goals and responsibility to the environment.
Uniform analysis on local fields and applications to orbital integrals
Authors: Cluckers Raf , Gordon Julia , Halupczok Immanuel
Published: October 2018

We study upper bounds, approximations, and limits for functions of motivic exponential class uniformly in non-Archimedean local fields whose characteristic is

0
0

or sufficiently large. Our results together form a flexible framework for doing analysis over local fields in a field-independent way. As corollaries, we obtain many new transfer principles, for example, for local constancy, continuity, and existence of various kinds of limits. Moreover, we show that the Fourier transform of an

L
2

L^2

-function of motivic exponential class is again of motivic exponential class. As an application in representation theory, we prove uniform bounds for the Fourier transforms of orbital integrals on connected reductive

p
p

-adic groups.
Development of Genomic Resources for the Powdery Mildew, Erysiphe pulchra
Authors: Wadl Phillip A. , Mack Brian M. , Beltz Shannon B. , Moore Geromy G. , Baird Richard E. , Rinehart Timothy A. , Molnar Thomas J. , Staton Margaret E. , Hadziabdic Denita , Trigiano Robert N.
Published: October 2018

Powdery mildews (PMs) are important plant pathogens causing widespread damage. Here, we report the first draft genome of Erysiphe pulchra, the causative agent of PM of flowering dogwood, Cornus florida. The assembled genome was 63.5 Mbp and resulted in formation of 19,442 contigs (N50 = 11,686 bp) that contained an estimated 6,860 genes with a genome coverage of 62×. We found 102 candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs) in E. pulchra similar to E. necator genes that are potentially involved in disease development. This draft genome is an initial step for understanding the evolutionary history of the PMs and will also provide insight into evolutionary strategies that led to the wide host expansion and environmental adaptations so effectively employed by the PM lineages.
New Anticancer Immunotherapies: Implications for Physical Therapy
Authors: Tabares Tyler , Unmack Todd , Calys Mary , Stehno-Bittel Lisa
Published: October 2018

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, with more than 1 million new cancer cases diagnosed each year. Yet, survival from cancer has been increasing dramatically, with more than 2 million fewer cancer deaths during the past 2 decades than in previous decades. Physical therapists are familiar with the side effects of common chemotherapies and radiation therapy, but new immunotherapy drugs coming to the market have the potential to completely change the cancer treatment landscape. They provide new hope for cures that previously were not possible, but they also have their own side effects and toxicity issues. Because of their recent introduction to the market, no studies have examined the effects of immunotherapies on cancer rehabilitation, yet it is an essential question. The purpose of this article is to review 2 categories of new cancer immunotherapy treatments: checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T cells. The physiological mechanism, known side effects, and toxicities are reviewed. We discuss the implications for physical therapists caring for cancer survivors and propose conservative interventions, ensuring that therapists provide the highest level of care for our patients with cancer. The purpose of this article is to inform the rehabilitation professional and set the baseline understanding for subsequent research studies elucidating the long-term effect of immunotherapies on cancer rehabilitation.