bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a gravity spin-driven adsorption-based desalination device
Authors: Wu Dongqi , Guo Tianyuan , Wen Haiming
Published: August 2023

Based on the adsorption property of porous materials and the gravitational spin principle, an innovative design of an adsorption desalination device based on gravitational spin-driven phase change materials for heat storage and exotherm was developed. The power required for the conversion of the device compartment is provided by the gravity difference, and the position fixation of the heat insulation baffle is controlled by the magnetic clasp. The source of thermal energy required by the device follows the green and low-carbon principle, relying on sunlight to irradiate the selective coating and convert it into thermal energy, and then transfer the absorbed thermal energy to the phase change material for storage, which increases the solar energy utilization rate by about 80%. The use of phase change materials can maintain the temperature inside the hot chamber at about 70 °C, allowing water molecules to desorb from the silica gel material and water vapor to rise to the top conical roof to condense into fresh water and collect to the mezzanine water storage chamber. The cylindrical chamber is divided into two chambers, hot and cold, and the adsorption and desorption work is carried out simultaneously, with heat loss within 3%. The initial position where the heat insulation baffle is located is equipped with a magnetic buckle, which can precisely control the angle of baffle rotation. The daily water production of a single device is 8.02 kg, and the carbon emission saving is 0.1518 kg. This work is of great significance to the field of energy saving and emission reduction, and the whole can realize self-operation without an electric power drive, which is a novel way of desalination, considering the concept of energy saving and emission reduction and the full utilization of renewable energy.
Simulation Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Bubbles in Transformer Oil under Extremely Nonuniform Field
Authors: Liu Dongyao , Gao Chao , Zhou Fusheng , Chen Miaomiao , Zhao Heng , Yang Hao
Published: August 2023

Bubbles in transformer oil seriously threaten the deterioration of internal insulation performance during its movement, leading to severe transformer failure. A gas-liquid two-phase flow simulation model is established based on the phase field method to study the effect of bubbles on the insulation performance of transformer oil. The dynamic characteristics of bubbles in transformer oil under extremely non-uniform electric fields are studied. The results show that the electric field force has a pushing effect on the bubble. As the voltage increases, the pushing effect is more significant, and the displacement distance of the bubble in the horizontal direction is larger. The velocity curve of a single bubble in the vertical direction shows an oscillating attenuation trend. The pushing effect of electric field force on the bubble causes the bubble velocity near the needle electrode to decrease, but the stretching effect increases the average bubble velocity. When the electric field strength is further improved due to the enhanced push-off impact of the electric field force on the bubbles, the bubbles will gather under the needle electrode to form cluster bubbles, further reducing the insulation performance of the transformer oil. This needs to be paid attention to in the design of the insulation structure to avoid the accumulation of bubbles caused by too high an electric field intensity at a particular place.
The Abnormal Heating Phenomenon Of A 1000 KV Composite Insulator Based on Finite Element Simulation Calculations
Authors: Yang Jie , Li Guocheng , Chen Mianzhi , Du Gang , Li Guangmao , Wang Hongbin
Published: August 2023

The abnormal heating of composite insulators will accelerate the deterioration of insulation materials, which will lead to abnormal heating at the high-voltage end due to the increase of dielectric loss. In this study, a finite element multi-physical field simulation was adopted and combined with the actual field test results. Four kinds of electric-thermal coupling simulation models of the 1000 kV composite insulator were established, namely, new, aged, aged with defects, and aged with defects and accumulated contamination. The electric field simulation results showed that interface defects and surface fouling would seriously distort the electric field distribution of composite insulators. The maximum electric field increased from 3.73 kV/cm to 9.30 kV/cm. With the dielectric loss as the heat source to calculate the temperature rise, the maximum temperature rise of the aging contaminated composite insulator with defects was 17.86 K, which was similar to the field test results of the 1000 kV composite insulator. The research results provide a reference for analyzing the cause of abnormal heating failure in composite insulators.
Ignition Resistance of Pure Mg, ZM5 and ZM6 Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Wang Guangjian , Chen Xin , Cao Zhanwei
Published: August 2023

The use of magnesium alloys in aerospace is relatively restricted by their poor ignition resistance performance. A continuous heating test was conducted to investigate the ignition resistance of pure Mg, ZM5, and ZM6 magnesium alloys with different alloying elements. It was found that alloying elements greatly influenced the ignition resistance of magnesium alloys. With about 2% addition of Nd rare earth element, ZM6 had a higher ignition temperature than pure Mg. In comparison, the ignition temperature of ZM5, which contains mainly about 8% Al alloying element, was lower than that of pure Mg. Analysis of high-temperature surface oxide film reveals that the higher ignition temperature of ZM6 resulted from a protective Nd2O3 oxide film formed on the oxidized surface. Alloying with rare earths can improve the ignition resistance of magnesium alloys.
Numerical Simulation Research on Vibration Isolation Performance of Concrete Foundation Platform
Authors: Wu Jun , Zheng Zhaoli , Zhao Zhenxing , Li Yong , Lv Weijian
Published: August 2023

The simulation analysis model of the concrete experimental foundation platform is constructed by the method of three-dimensional computer-aided design (3D CAD) and three-dimensional computer-aided engineering (3D CAE). The influence of the slotting depth and width on the concrete structure’s vibration isolation performance is analyzed in detail. The results show that as the slotting depth increases from 0 m to 4 m, the total vibration acceleration level of the concrete inner side structure decreases by 12.27 dB. The vibration isolation performance of the foundation platform is highly sensitive to the slotting depth. As the slotting width increases from 0.5 m to 2 m, the total vibration acceleration level of the concrete inner side structure is always maintained within the range of 8.8 dB–8.9 dB. The total vibration acceleration level of the foundation platform changes little. Vibration isolation performance shows low sensitivity to the slotting width.
A Health Status Assessment Method of Switchgear in Substation Based on Digital Twin Technology and Random Matrix Model
Authors: Yuan Xiang , Zhang Lijun , Yu Chutian
Published: August 2023

The methods for maintaining and monitoring the condition of the power system have changed significantly with the advancement of modern communication and information technology. A strong foundation for the use of digital twin technology and data science in the diagnosis of switchgear health status is provided by the efficient collection of enormous, high-dimensional equipment operation data. This research proposes a digital twin technology-based and random matrix model-based substation switchgear diagnosis approach. The health status of the switchgear can be estimated by mining the potential value of high-dimensional switchgear operation data and relying on data science techniques like high-dimensional statistical analysis and artificial intelligence. This will give maintenance personnel strong support as they develop response strategies.
Intelligent understanding algorithm of aerial visual inspection image based on deep learning technology
Authors: Yao Nan , Chen Wei , Qin Jianhua , Shan Guangrui
Published: August 2023

At present, there is a problem that the efficiency and accuracy of the safety belt wearing detection method for aerial patrol workers are not ideal. In order to solve this problem, based on the deep learning technology, a safety belt specification wearing detection model is constructed. First, in view of the low quality of image data, wavelet transform and Gaussian curvature filter are used to preprocess the image. Aiming at the defect of poor performance of convolutional neural network (CNN), Gabor local features and Momentum algorithm are used to improve it. Finally, combined with the above content, a safety belt specification wearing detection model based on improved CNN is constructed. The results show that the loss value of the model is 0.51, the accuracy rate is 98.14%, the Recall value is 95.04%, and the AUC value is 0.971. Therefore, the model built in the study can detect the wearing of safety belt with high efficiency and accuracy, and ensure the safety of staff.
Observations of Love Wave Dispersion Properties Using Seismometers and Component Strainmeters
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Xue Bing , Zhu Xiaoyi , Cui Rensheng , Gao Shanghua , Zhang Bing , Su Peng
Published: August 2023

With amplitude ratio of two different types of ground motion, the information of phase velocity could be reflected in the frequency-dependent in the assumption of plane-wave propagation. In this paper, we test the possibility of determining local Love waves dispersion properties using transverse velocity and strain measurement. With the strain seismic wave recording of the four-component borehole strainmeters built at the Balun seismic station in Xinjiang, China., we estimated the Love wave phase velocities using amplitude ratios between transverse velocity and shear strain components. The results show the possibility that we could recover general Love wave dispersion characteristics that conformed to the realistic local structure at periods ranging from 20-120 s.
Flame Recognition and Localization Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Li Zhaoji , Dai Weibing
Published: August 2023

Target detection and flame identification play a critical role in the industry. Unfortunately, current inspection systems are unable to reliably and easily identify flames. For this reason,, a convolutional neural network Alexnet is proposed for target detection. A webcam approach is used for image capture and collection, followed by network training. The target detection and recognition of flames are finally completed. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm as well as the Alexnet network can efficiently and accurately identify localized flames.
Deep learning to design Z-FFR device models
Authors: Yuan Zilong , Qu Fanyu , Xiong Wenbin , Liu Pan , Qiao Hongwei , Gao Qiang , Liu Gaoyang , Liu ChenCheng , Tang Zhangchun , Shi Yan
Published: August 2023

Z-Pinch fusion centre, encased by a fission envelope, serves as an individual neutron source. It can expeditiously catalyze fission reactions in 238U and 232Th nuclear materials, which are hard to use in current commercial nuclear reactors. This is the essence of the Z-Pinch Driven Fusion-Fission Hybrid Reactor (Z-FFR). The fusion core acts as a stand-alone neutron source, efficiently driving fission reactions in nuclear energy materials that are difficult to use in existing commercial nuclear reactors, such as 238U and 232Th. Then it can deliver enormous amounts of energy in a stable and controlled manner. This new type of reactor uses the fact that the fission discharges energy (∼200 Megaelectronvolts) and the neutrons’ number released is much greater than that released when the fusion discharge energy (∼17 Megaelectronvolts). Moreover, the neutrons’ number is released to achieve energy amplification and neutron amplification, significantly makes it less difficult in implementing fusion technology applications, and increases the utilisation of nuclear energy resources by more than one order of magnitude. The Z-FFR has a complex design and covers a wide range of physical processes. The use of deep learning to design the device model allows for a more closely engineered model. Deep learning allows the model design to be decomposed, the Z-FFR design data flow to be analysed and optimised, and the tedious physical process to be turned into a deep learning network layering so that we can obtain an accurate physical model. The deuterium-tritium combustion depth parameters obtained by deep learning reach around 30%, demonstrating the ability to achieve fusion self-sustained combustion.
Vehicle Obstacle Avoidance Path Tracking Control Based on Constraint MPC
Authors: Miao Baorui , Han Chao , Yang Jikun
Published: August 2023

In the process of obstacle avoidance, there are some problems such as low precision and poor safety in the path tracking of intelligent vehicles. To solve these problems, a model prediction controller with soft constraints is designed in this paper. The controller adopts the vehicle motion model, according to the radius of the circumcircle of the obstacle and the vehicle, and the anti-collision constraint condition is constructed to improve vehicle safety. The vehicle tracks its path using a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm. Sideslip angle and acceleration control variables were introduced as soft constraints to improve vehicle path tracking accuracy. The simulation was carried out by CarSim and MATLAB/Simulink platforms. The results show that the constrained MPC control algorithm is advanced in the accuracy and stability of trajectory tracking control under high-speed obstacle avoidance.
Optimization of Control System for Electromagnetic Heating Cigarette Device
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Li Zhaoyuan , Guo Mingqiang , You Junheng , Li Shoubo , Han Yi , Zhu Donglai , Li Tinghua
Published: August 2023

To solve the problems of electromagnetic heating cigarette devices in heating speed and temperature control accuracy, the optimization of the control system was carried out based on the current device. And the special control system for the electromagnetic heating cigarette device was designed, which was powered by a lithium battery device and designed with a half-bridge push-pull double resonant capacitor. According to the test, the prototype can preheat at 350 °C in 7 seconds at the fastest, with an average rate of 44.33 °C/s; The maximum temperature deviation at the constant temperature stage cannot exceed 5 °C, and the temperature control accuracy can be ± 1.47%; in the simulated suction stage, the prototype can be warmed back from 280 °C to 340 °C in 3 seconds. Compared with the original dual-tube single-capacitor resonant circuit, it has nearly double the heating power. The experimental data shows that the temperature rise rate and temperature control accuracy was significantly improved, giving full play to the performance advantages of electromagnetic heating.
Dynamic Event-triggered Control for Nonlinear PDE System with Actuator Dead-zone
Authors: Mo Fan , Wu Gui Fang
Published: August 2023

A dynamic event-triggered network control scheme is proposed for a class of distributed parameter systems with time delay and nonlinearity. The security control of the PDE system under DOS attack based on dynamic event-triggered is studied. A dynamic event-triggered scheme is adopted to reduce the communication burden, that is, the sampling data will be sent only when the original trigger condition is violated. At the same time, a new model including denial of service attack (DOS) is established to describe the random network attack. When a hacker launches a DoS attack, it prevents the sampling data from reaching the destination by interfering with the network channel. DOS attacks follow no specific pattern and exhibit non-periodic behavior or irregular probability distribution. A mathematical model of a state-dependent uncertain system with an event-triggered scheme was established to study denial of service attacks. By using the Lyapunov-Krasocskii stability theory and linear matrix inequality tools, sufficient conditions were derived to ensure the index mean square stability of the state-dependent uncertain system. Based on this, sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop network control system and the expected performance index of the system were obtained. Numerical examples verified the feasibility of the method, and controller design validated the applicability of the theoretical results.
Trajectory Optimization of Long-Range Guided Rocket-Propelled Vehicle Based on Pseudo-spectral Sequential Convex Programming
Authors: Sun Tong , Zhang Cheng , Chen Tianle , Cheng Runbei
Published: August 2023

Aiming at the trajectory optimization problem of long-range guided rocket-propelled vehicles with multiple constraints, an improved pseudo-spectral sequence convex programming, which takes into account the efficiency and accuracy of optimization, is proposed. First, taking the change rate of the angle of attack and the bank angle as the control variables, the vehicle’s dynamic equation is discretized by using the flipped Radau pseudo-spectral method, and the trajectory optimization problem including start, end, and path constraints is transformed into a convex optimization problem by using the continuous linearization method, and then the solution is obtained by using the original dual interior point method. To make the optimized trajectory near the no-fly zone or the severe weather area more accurate, the concept of the predicted separation point is introduced to subdivide the trajectory. The simulation results show that the improved pseudo-spectral sequence convex programming has high discretization accuracy and fast solution speed, and can be applied to the online use of long-range guided rocket-propelled vehicles.
Automatic Monitoring and Control System Based on Automatic Control for Transmission Line Engineering Traverse Spread
Authors: Wang Shiyan , Gao Youliang , Xu Peijian , Xiang Xinyu , Shen Haijun
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes the investigation of an automatic monitoring system of transverse diffusion of transmission line engineering based on automatic control, intending to enhance the safety of power grid operation and the effectiveness of detecting parameters like the size of the opposite side of the crimped wire. Using the same microcomputer as the primary control device, a transmission line automatic compression control system is constructed in this paper. It has three infrared sensors that can measure three groups of distances, an electric sensor that measures the hydraulic pump’s output, and an electric drive that controls the hydraulic pump’s opening and closing. The upper computer can count the number of wire movements and measure the distance traveled by each step of the wire. The lower machine moves the metal directly depending on the instructions from the upper computer, measures the hydraulic pump’s pressure, and measures the length of three distinct groups of hexagonal metal. Time pressure and three wire groups that are not connected are also visible in the lower computer’s serial port. This system reduces collision costs, saves a lot of labor, increases engineering and production efficiency, and can be useful in wire crimping technology.
Segment-powered Control System of Linear Motor Based on Long-Mover Segmented Mode and Hybrid Switching
Authors: Chen Hao
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes a segment-powered control system of a linear motor. It is based on long-mover segmented mode and hybrid switching for the segment-powered control requirements of a high-thrust permanent magnet linear synchronous motor. Firstly, the segment-powered principle of the long-mover segmented mode is analyzed. Then the design of the hybrid switching control system is completed. Finally, the experimental verification proves that the control system has good control stability and control accuracy, which can meet the segment-powered control requirements of a high-thrust linear motor.
Detection Method and Experimental Research on Generator Bolt Loosening Fault Characteristics
Authors: Li Jiatong , Fu Dongliang , Du Xiaodong , Ji Zhicheng , Zhou Pu
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes a method for diagnosing bolt looseness faults using the principle of PCA to extract time-domain features of monitoring data. First of all, five dimensionless factors of IMF are calculated after empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is performed on the original data. Then, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to the data vectors, which are processed by dimensionality reduction and residual space projection, to calculate the prediction error of the data sample. At last, a fault judgment test of bolt loosening was carried out on the test bench of the intelligent water supply system. The test results show that the PCA model can effectively judge the bolt loosening fault.
Design of distributed drive electric vehicle control architecture based on module division
Authors: Liu Ning , Wang Bin , Wang Yi , Li Zhengbo , Ou Yang
Published: August 2023

At present, with the deepening of vehicle intelligence and electrification, the logic chaos of the whole vehicle control architecture leads to complex procedures, which cannot adapt to the large-scale, team, and parallel development work, and is not conducive to the later maintenance, upgrading, and platform of the controller. This paper analyzes the types and functions of the vehicle electrical appliances, compiles the vehicle electrical control circuit and CAN (Controller Area Network, CAN) communication network, decouples the control program design from the hardware input signal by reasonably dividing the signal processing flow of the control program, and then divides the vehicle control program into modules to meet the platform-based requirements of the control strategy.
Design of structure and control system based on achromatic rotating biprism
Authors: Shi Yue , Zheng Jiahong , Ming Lei , Dong Jiahou
Published: August 2023

The achromatic rotating dual-prism beam pointing system is mostly used in space laser communication, which needs to meet the characteristics of small size and light mass. To address the problems of the large size, heavy mass and low accuracy of the conventional beam, this paper uses SOLIDWORKS to build a dual-optical wedge prism model and the structural model of the optical machine and simulates and analyses its environmental performance. The design of the control system effectively improves the beam-pointing accuracy of the whole machine. A reference value is provided for the study of rotating biprism.
An Accurate Method for Measuring the Low-Temperature Coefficient of Resistors
Authors: Cui Yumei , Chen Hongliang , Ai Ting , Feng Rongwei , Sang Shangming
Published: August 2023

The temperature coefficient of resistors is one of the key parameters to characterize the reliability of resistors. In precision circuit design, it is necessary to test and screen the key resistors and use the resistors with matching temperature coefficient values to ensure the accuracy and stability of circuit output. In this paper, aiming at how to accurately test the temperature coefficient value of low-temperature coefficient resistors, an indirect test method is proposed. The study adds a reference resistor into the test loop and tests the voltage values at both ends of the reference resistor. The tested resistor when the forward and reverse voltage sources are applied. The accurate resistance values of the tested resistor at different temperatures are obtained by calculation to calculate the temperature coefficient value of the resistor. The method can effectively reduce the measurement uncertainty of the test instrument and the potential thermoelectric influence generated in the test circuit. The measured results show that the measurement method proposed in this paper can obtain a more accurate and reliable resistor temperature coefficient.
Workpieces detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5
Authors: Zhang Jie , Jiang Tao
Published: August 2023

To solve the problems of similar product shapes, the low recognition rate of scattered workpieces and poor real-time performance in industrial sorting scenarios, a workpieces target detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5 was proposed. The algorithm replaced the characteristic b network with a lighter ShuffleNetV2 network to achieve a lightweight network model, balance speed and accuracy. BiFPN structure was introduced to change the neck and enhance the ability of feature extraction at different scales. The research results indicate that the proposed improved algorithm has more advantages in industrial scenarios. It reduces the identification error rate of the target workpiece in the case of scattered and meets the requirements of accuracy and real-time recognition of the workpiece.
Behavior of IMERG precipitation extremes with temperature at different spatial resolution
Authors: Pradhan Ankita , Indu J
Published: August 2023

The Clausius-Clapeyron equation determines how saturation vapor pressure increases with temperature, which is important in determining variations in extreme precipitation. Regionally, the scaling of C–C does not vary significantly, but the relationship with extreme precipitation does. In this study, the precipitation from Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) is tested for its accuracy in scaling extreme precipitation rates with temperature (termed scaling factor). We utilized the IMERG precipitation data across the Indian Sub-continent at 0.1° × 0.1°, 0.25° × 0.25° and 0.5° × 0.5° spatial resolution from 2001 to 2020 datasets. Our findings show that, there is a transition in Global Precipitation Measurement’s precipitation extremes estimations (95th percentile) around 30 °C over spatial resolution of 0.25° and 0.1° from C–C to sub C–C. This study also evaluates the sensitivity of C–C scaling in different regimes of India having homogeneous precipitation climatology. It is found that southeast India is highly sensitive to the spatial resolution, as it shows steep slopes in extreme precipitation rates at high dew point temperatures. This is the first study to evaluate the sensitivity of spatial resolution on C–C analysis as most of the previous studies have considered temporal variations.
A bimetallic PdPt catalyst on CeZrO2/H-ZSM-5 dual support with exceptional activity in low temperature methane oxidation
Authors: Son Nguyen Tang , Le Manh Tu , Van Hoang Nguyen , Thi Lanh Pham , Trung Do Dang , Van Hieu Nguyen
Published: August 2023

Various techniques were employed to prepare a dual support system of CeZrO2 and H-ZSM-5 (80) including physically mixing, co-precipitation and sonochemical methods, which were followed by the deposition of bimetallic Pd and Pt via wet impregnation to obtain the final catalysts. The catalysts were tested in the total methane oxidation between 200 and 500 °C and the most active is the material derived from sonochemical synthesis. This catalyst achieved a remarkable methane conversion of 84% at a low temperature of 300 °C and high Gas Hourly Space Velocity (GHSV) of 100000 ml g−1 h−1. Characterisation using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) techniques revealed the intimate distribution of catalyst components and facile redox behaviour of both Pd and CeZrO2 components. The catalysts based on sonochemical CeZrO2 was proven to be relatively stable with only 7% methane conversion loss after 50 h continuously on stream at 300 °C compared to the corresponding 14% witnessed with the commercial TiO2-based material.
Some 𝑞-supercongruences for double and triple basic hypergeometric series
Authors: Wei Chuanan , Li Chun
Published: August 2023

In terms of the creative microscoping method, El Bachraoui’s lemmas, and the Chinese remainder theorem for coprime polynomials, we establish some

q
q

-supercongruences for double and triple basic hypergeometric series. Several related conjectures are also proposed for further research.
Dynamics of several point vortices for the lake equations
Authors: Hientzsch Lars , Lacave Christophe , Miot Evelyne
Published: August 2023

The global asymptotic dynamics of point vortices for the lake equations is rigorously derived. Vorticity that is initially sharply concentrated around

N
N

distinct vortex centers is proven to remain concentrated for all times. Specifically, we prove weak concentration of the vorticity and in addition strong concentration in the direction of the steepest ascent of the depth function. As a consequence, we obtain the motion law of point vortices following at leading order the level lines of the depth function. The lack of strong localization in the second direction is linked to the vortex filamentation phenomena. The main result allows for any fixed number of vortices and general assumptions on the concentration property of the initial data to be considered. No further properties such as a specific profile or symmetry of the data are required. Vanishing topographies on the boundary are included in our analysis. Our method is inspired by recent results on the evolution of vortex rings in 3D axisymmetric incompressible fluids.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Exit Sites scale with somato-dendritic size in neurons
Authors: Land Ruben , Fetter Richard , Liang Xing , Tzeng Christopher P. , Taylor Caitlin A. , Shen Kang
Published: August 2023

Nervous systems exhibit dramatic diversity in cell morphology and size. How neurons regulate their biosynthetic and secretory machinery to support such diversity is not well understood. Endoplasmic reticulum exit sites (ERESs) are essential for maintaining secretory flux, and are required for normal dendrite development, but how neurons of different size regulate secretory capacity remains unknown. In Caenorhabditis elegans, we find that the ERES number is strongly correlated with the size of a neuron’s dendritic arbor. The elaborately branched sensory neuron, PVD, has especially high ERES numbers. Asymmetric cell division provides PVD with a large initial cell size critical for rapid establishment of PVD’s high ERES number before neurite outgrowth, and these ERESs are maintained throughout development. Maintenance of ERES number requires the cell fate transcription factor MEC-3, C. elegans TOR ( ceTOR/let-363), and nutrient availability, with mec-3 and ceTOR/let-363 mutant PVDs both displaying reductions in ERES number, soma size, and dendrite size. Notably, mec-3 mutant animals exhibit reduced expression of a ceTOR/let-363 reporter in PVD, and starvation reduces ERES number and somato-dendritic size in a manner genetically redundant with ceTOR/let-363 perturbation. Our data suggest that both asymmetric cell division and nutrient sensing pathways regulate secretory capacities to support elaborate dendritic arbors.
Current therapies for classic myeloproliferative neoplasms: A focus on pathophysiology and supportive care
Authors: Chung Clement
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This article concisely evaluates current therapies that have received regulatory approval for the treatment of classic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Pertinent pathophysiology and supportive care are discussed. Emerging therapies are also briefly described.

MPNs are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by acquired abnormalities of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), resulting in the generation of transformed myeloid progenitor cells that overproduce mature and immature cells within the myeloid lineage. Mutations in JAK2 and other driver oncogenes are central to the genetic variability of these diseases. Cytoreductive therapies such as hydroxyurea, anagrelide, interferon, and therapeutic phlebotomy aim to lower the risk of thrombotic events without exposing patients to an increased risk of leukemic transformation. However, no comparisons can be made between these therapies, as reduction of thrombotic risk has not been used as an endpoint. On the other hand, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors such as ruxolitinib, fedratinib, pacritinib, and momelotinib (an investigational agent at the time of writing) directly target the constitutively activated JAK–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway of HSCs in the bone marrow. Mutations of genes in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway provide a unifying understanding of MPNs, spur therapeutic innovations, and represent opportunities for pharmacists to optimize mitigation strategies for both disease-related and treatment-related adverse effects.

Conclusion

Treatment options for MPNs span a wide range of disease mechanisms. The growth of targeted therapies holds promise for expanding the treatment arsenal for these rare, yet complex diseases and creates opportunities to optimize supportive care for affected patients.
The Effect of Preoperative Diagnosis of Depression and/or Anxiety on Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Chest Wall Masculinization Surgery
Authors: Morgenstern Monica , Barron Sivana , Jia Emmeline , Friedman Rosie , Perez-Iglesias Carolina Torres , Garvey Shannon R , Kang Christine O , Lee Bernard T , Tobias Adam M , Cauley Ryan P
Published: August 2023

Background

Individuals with gender dysphoria have disproportionately high rates of depression and anxiety compared to the cisgender population. Although the benefits of gender affirmation surgery have been well documented, it is unclear whether depression and anxiety affect postoperative patient-reported outcomes (PRO).

Objectives

The authors evaluated the impact of preoperative anxiety or depression on clinical and PRO in patients undergoing chest masculinization surgery.

Methods

Patients who underwent chest masculinization surgery within a 5-year period were reviewed. Demographics and clinical variables were abstracted from medical records. PRO of chest, nipple, and scar satisfaction were obtained postoperatively with the BODY-Q. Groups were stratified by preoperative anxiety, preoperative depression, both, or no history of mental health diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.

Results

Of 135 patients with complete survey responses, 10.4% had anxiety, 11.9% depression, 20.7% both diagnoses, and 57.0% no diagnosis. Clinical data and outcomes were similar. Patients with preoperative depression correlated with lower satisfaction scores for scar appearance (P = .006) and were significantly more likely to report feelings of depression postoperatively (P = .04). There were no significant differences in chest or nipple satisfaction among groups.

Conclusions

Although anxiety and depression are prevalent in gender minorities, we found no association with postoperative clinical outcomes. Patients with preoperative depression were more likely to report lower satisfaction with scar appearance and feelings of depression postoperatively. However, there were no differences in chest or nipple satisfaction. These results highlight the importance of perioperative mental health counseling but also suggest that patients can be satisfied with their results despite a coexisting mental health diagnosis.

Level of Evidence: 4
Large Language Models and Artificial Intelligence: A Primer for Plastic Surgeons on the Demonstrated and Potential Applications, Promises, and Limitations of ChatGPT
Authors: Abi-Rafeh Jad , Xu Hong Hao , Kazan Roy , Tevlin Ruth , Furnas Heather
Published: August 2023

Background

The rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence (AI) holds great potential for plastic surgeons. ChatGPT, a recently released AI large language model (LLM), promises applications across many disciplines, including healthcare.

Objectives

The aim of this article was to provide a primer for plastic surgeons on AI, LLM, and ChatGPT, including an analysis of current demonstrated and proposed clinical applications.

Methods

A systematic review was performed identifying medical and surgical literature on ChatGPT's proposed clinical applications. Variables assessed included applications investigated, command tasks provided, user input information, AI-emulated human skills, output validation, and reported limitations.

Results

The analysis included 175 articles reporting on 13 plastic surgery applications and 116 additional clinical applications, categorized by field and purpose. Thirty-four applications within plastic surgery are thus proposed, with relevance to different target audiences, including attending plastic surgeons (n = 17, 50%), trainees/educators (n = 8, 24.0%), researchers/scholars (n = 7, 21%), and patients (n = 2, 6%). The 15 identified limitations of ChatGPT were categorized by training data, algorithm, and ethical considerations.

Conclusions

Widespread use of ChatGPT in plastic surgery will depend on rigorous research of proposed applications to validate performance and address limitations. This systemic review aims to guide research, development, and regulation to safely adopt AI in plastic surgery.
The general significance of variability in cave regressive traits for evolution
Authors: Wilkens Horst
Published: August 2023

Rudimentary structures are variable, which is most impressively demonstrated by the eyes and dark body pigmentation of species evolving in caves. As these can often still be crossed with their ancestral surface sister forms, variability is usually attributed to hybridization. For two invertebrate and two vertebrate cave species, I show here that in spite of genetic separation between surface and cave forms, variability of the rudimentary structures is nonetheless present. This probably results from the loss of stabilizing selection, because neutral deleterious mutations are no longer eliminated. In contrast, compensatory traits in caves do not differ from their surface forms with respect to variability, because both are subject to selection. In the phylogenetically young Astyanax cave populations, traits compensatory to cave life have achieved different stages of adaptation compared to the phylogenetically old populations. They may show the same degree of differentiation, be intermediate or do not differ from the surface ancestor. This is attributed to different intensities of selection.
Phenotypic diversity facilitates niche partitioning in a sky island assemblage of spiny lizards
Authors: Westeen Erin P , Martínez-Fonseca José G , Chen Hanlu , Wang Ian J
Published: August 2023

If closely related species should be more similar and therefore more likely to compete for resources, why do we see so many examples of species-rich congeneric communities in nature? To avoid competition, many species possess suites of traits associated with differential resource use – or ecomorphologies – that promote niche differentiation with co-occurring species. Yet, the axes through which niche partitioning evolves and the traits involved are still poorly understood in most systems. Island systems, in which species interactions can form strong forces of selection due to limited resources, provide valuable insights into how ecomorphological diversity contributes to coexistence. Here, we examined axes of resource use and morphological traits that facilitate niche partitioning in a community of spiny lizards (genus Sceloporus) in a sky island system, the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona, USA. By quantifying structural, temporal and thermal niche use for over 300 co-occurring lizards from four species over three field seasons, we show that sympatric species diverge primarily in perch height and type, but also in thermal and temporal resource use. Our results further demonstrate interspecific divergence in a suite of phenotypic traits known to covary with ecology in other lizard radiations, including body size, scale size, hindlimb length, foot length and dorsal coloration. Studies of niche partitioning and ecomorphology, especially of closely related species, deepen our understanding of how diverse communities assemble and how morphological diversity accumulates across the tree of life, and our findings highlight the importance of examining multiple axes of resource use to better understand these processes.
Can flowers help to disentangle the Vriesea oligantha complex (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae)? Taxonomic implications and contributions to the floral anatomy and biology of Stigmatodon
Authors: Silva Kleber R , Oriani Aline , Versieux Leonardo M , Martinelli Adriana P
Published: August 2023

The Vriesea oligantha complex comprises Vriesea lancifolia, Vriesea oligantha, and Vriesea pseudoligantha, which were recently transferred to Stigmatodon. Such species exhibit strong morphological convergence to live in rocky fields, which makes difficult their identification in the wild or in herbarium specimens. In a previous work, leaf characters helped in the species delimitation and evidenced a new taxon. Considering that morphology, anatomy, and aspects of floral biology can contribute to better define species limits and to indicate potential pollinators, individuals from nine populations of V. oligantha complex were comparatively studied. The typical V. oligantha is mainly distinguished by tubular flowers, with simple petal appendages and diurnal anthesis. The remaining individuals studied from different populations exhibit campanulate corollas, with denticulate petal appendages and nocturnal anthesis, not allowing for the separation of V. lancifolia, V. pseudoligantha, and a fourth taxon. Floral anatomy is less variable than the external morphology, with little contribution to the species delimitation; however, it is helpful in the circumscription of Stigmatodon. The infralocular septal nectaries and the floral features provide evidence that the main pollinators of campanulate and tubular flowers are bats and hummingbirds, respectively. Specific pollinator guilds in combination with fragmented populations may explain the limited gene flow amongst populations.
Athena: Speciality Certificate Examination case for general dermatology and dermatology in primary health care
Authors: Tang Gia T , Daunton Adam
Published: August 2023

This Athena case describes a young man with sudden-onset eruption of localized plaques on the right neck in the setting of treatments for recently diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia.
The effect of a pre-scheduled appointment on attendance in a population-based mammography screening programme
Authors: Goossens Mathijs M , Kellen Eliane , Broeders Mireille J M , Vandemaele Els , Jacobs Brenda , Martens Patrick
Published: August 2023

Background

Pre-scheduled appointments can increase attendance in breast cancer screening programmes compared to ‘open invitations’ but relatively few randomized controlled trials exist. We investigated the effect of a pre-scheduled appointment on uptake in the Flemish population-based mammography screening programme.

Methods

Between September and December 2022, a total of 4798 women were randomly assigned to receive either a pre-scheduled appointment or open invitation. The difference in attendance was compared with Poisson regression analysis for the primary endpoint (attendance ≤92 days after date of invitation), yielding relative risks (RRs). This was done separately for three groups: women invited to a mobile unit and a history of nonattendance (group M-NA); women invited to a hospital-based unit and a history of nonattendance (group HB-NA); women invited to a hospital-based unit and a history of irregular attendance (group HB-IA). There were no women invited to a mobile unit and a history of irregular attendance.

Results

The RRs in favour of the pre-scheduled appointment were 2.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.80–2.88], 1.8 (95% CI 1.07–2.97) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.43–2.39), for groups M-NA, HB-NA and HB-IA, respectively. We found no statistically significant difference between the various RRs. The respective absolute gains in attendance between pre-scheduled appointment and open invitation were 8.3%, 4.4% and 15.8%.

Conclusions

Sending an invitation with a pre-scheduled appointment is an effective tool to increase screening attendance in both mobile and hospital-based screening units. The pre-scheduled appointment is associated with a considerable absolute gain in attendance which varies depending on the screening history.
New Trends, New Possibilities: A Comment on the Proposed Fifth Amendment to China’s Trade Mark Law
Authors: Xu Liang
Published: August 2023

In January 2023, the China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) released the Draft Amendment to the Trade Mark Law of the PRC (Draft for Public Comment), launching the proposed fifth revision of the Trade Mark Law. This revision comes 40 years after the first version of the Trade Mark Law was implemented. Compared with previous amendments, the Draft makes significant changes, representing a new legislative trend in China’s trade mark law. This comment gives an overview of the background of the fifth amendment and highlights and comments on the fundamental changes in the Draft Amendment.
Perceptions of a prescription model for accessing nicotine vaping products: an examination of submissions made by self-reported e-cigarette users to an Australian consultation
Authors: Jongenelis Michelle I , Robinson Abby , Hughes Anastasia , Pettigrew Simone
Published: August 2023

In response to rapid and substantial increases in rates of e-cigarette use among young people, Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) made changes to the regulations governing nicotine vaping products. As part of the regulatory change process, Australians were invited to comment on the proposed regulations, which featured the introduction of a prescription model for nicotine vaping products. To inform strategies to enhance compliance with the tightened regulations, this study examined submissions made by self-reported e-cigarette users to the TGA’s public consultation (n = 1405). A content analysis was conducted to identify and quantify key arguments. Claims about possible negative consequences associated with the regulations (e.g. people will return to smoking, inconvenience) featured in most submissions (84%). Around half (55%) of submissions mentioned perceived benefits of e-cigarettes, including favourable health outcomes (e.g. improved breathing) and enhanced tobacco cessation. Around half (52%) featured concerns about inconsistency in treatment and the argument that e-cigarettes should not be restricted when more harmful tobacco products are readily available. Alternative approaches to a prescription model were offered in nearly one-third (31%) of submissions. One-quarter (26%) included text provided by an industry-led astroturfing campaign. The arguments made in the analysed submissions suggest a lack of appreciation of (i) the negative health outcomes associated with e-cigarette use and (ii) evidence linking these devices to smoking relapse. Results highlight the need for targeted health campaigns that address (i) gaps in consumers’ knowledge and (ii) vaping-related misinformation being promulgated by the industry and its allies.