bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural Albino Mutant of Daylily (Hemerocallis spp.) Reveals a Link between Drought Sensitivity and Photosynthetic Pigments Metabolism
Authors: Dong Shuqi , Fan Min , Qin Qiaoping , Zhang Zhiguo , Duan Ke , Ćosić Tatjana , Raspor Martin , Ni Di-an
Published: February 2024

Background: Mutant analysis remains one of the main genetic tools for characterising unclarified gene functions in plants, especially in non-model plants. Daylily (Hemerocallis spp.) is a popular perennial ornamental plant grown worldwide. Analysis of daylily mutants can enhance understanding of genes regulating the albino phenotype and improve the cultivar quality of daylily. Methods: The natural albino mutant (Alb-⁣/-) was isolated by screening a self-pollinated progeny of daylily cultivar ‘black-eyed stella’. Transmission electron microscopy was used in analysing the structure of plastids between mutant and wild-type seedlings. The content of chlorophyll, carotenoids and chlorophyll precursors in plants was measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. RNA sequencing and physiological measurements were performed to explore the association between drought tolerance and mutation. Results: All the seedlings of the daylily albino mutants died spontaneously within fifteen days after germination when grown in soil. The carotenoid and chlorophyll content in the leaves of the mutant plants significantly decreased compared with those of the wild-type control. The mutant plants displayed stunted growth, and their leaves were white or light yellow in color. Abnormal plastids such as those showing endomembrane vesiculation and lacking stacking were discovered in the leaves of mutant plants. Furthermore, genetic analysis revealed that a single recessive nuclear gene mutation led to the albino trait, RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR validation showed extensive differences in gene expression between the mutant plants and the wild-type control, and most of the genes related to chlorophyll metabolism were down-regulated, with foldchange ranging from 0.20–0.49. Additionally, the surviving homozygous plants (Alb+⁣/+), which do not contain this mutation, were also isolated by analysing the phenotype of their self-pollinated progeny. The net photosynthesis rate and light saturation point of Alb+⁣/+ were higher than those of heterozygous (Alb+⁣/-) plants. Additionally, the Alb+⁣/+ plants were more tolerant to drought conditions than the Alb+⁣/- plants, suggesting that a heterozygous Alb- mutation is sufficient to negatively affect photosynthetic efficiency and drought tolerance. Conclusions: The albino mutation negatively affects photosynthetic efficiency and drought tolerance, and homozygous mutation is required for the characteristic albino phenotype. This work highlights the link between albino mutation, photosynthetic pigment metabolism and drought sensitivity in daylily.
Gut Microbiome and Cancer: From Cancer Development to Therapeutics with a Special Focus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Acharya Sancharan , Thirunavukkarasu Chinnasamy
Published: February 2024

The body of a human has a vast array of microorganisms termed the microbiome that impacts almost every function of the body. Gene-environment interactions play a major role in making us susceptible to cancer and the microbiome is such an environmental factor that we are exposed to from the very beginning of our lives to the very end. Increasing pieces of evidence are pointing towards an association of cancer and the microbiome. The bacteria inside our body might help us prevent some cancers as well as may increase the risk of carcinogenesis and treatment responses. Many studies are suggesting that tinkering with the microbiome might be a new way to treat and prevent many kinds of cancer. Although information on the roles of the microbiome in carcinogenesis is scant and almost no direct links have been found between these two yet. This review offers some of the recent evidences of the association between cancer and the microbiome, discuss the impact of gut bacteria on cancer and provide a detailed discussion on gut microbiota mediated therapeutic approaches with a special focus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. The implementation of the new knowledge discovered in this subject calls for a great deal of research.
Telmisartan Protects Mitochondrial Function, Gait, and Neuronal Apoptosis by Activating the Akt/GSK3β/PGC1α Pathway in an MPTP-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Ray Bipul , Tuladhar Sunanda , Nagaraju Pramod Gudigenahally , Shivalinga Ashwini , Mahalakshmi Arehally Marappa , Priyadarshini Poornima , Song Byoung-Joon , Chidambaram Saravana Babu
Published: February 2024

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the major hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recently, angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptors (AT1R, AT2R) were reported to be present on the mitochondrial membrane. Both are crucial players in the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Current evidence indicates that blockade of brain AT1R protects dopaminergic neurons in PD. Methods: Thus, the current study was aimed to explore the effects of Telmisartan (Tel), a selective AT1R blocker, on mitochondrial function and a mouse model by exposure to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) [250 mg/kg body weight (10 divided i.p. injections, each 25 mg/kg body weight at 3.5 days interval) + Probenecid 250 mg/kg]. Gait function was assessed by beam walk, and mice were euthanized on the 35th day and their brain tissues isolated for Western blot analysis. Results: Pretreatment with Tel significantly protected motor functions during the beam walk in MPTP-treated mice. Tel attenuated the increased levels of AT1R, α-syn, and inflammatory markers such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) in MPTP-treated mice. In addition, Tel preserved the expression of AT2R, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), p-Akt/Akt, and p-GSK3β (Ser-9)/GSK3β, as well as protecting mitofusin protein 1 (MFN1) and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-α (PGC1α), a critical activator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Conclusion: These results indicate that Tel protects mitochondrial function and gait in a mouse model of PD by modulating the Akt/GSK3β/PGC1α pathway.
Volumetric Stent Expansion Index to Assess Tapering Lesions Using Intravascular Ultrasound and Its Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Wu Xi , Wu Ming-Xing , Huang Hao-Bo , Wang Lei , Liu Zhe , Cai Jie , Huang He
Published: February 2024

Background: This study aimed to assess the clinical significance of generating a volumetric stent expansion index for tapering lesions through intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Previous IVUS studies have used minimal stent area (MSA) to predict adverse outcomes. Methods: A total of 251 tapering lesions were treated in this study via IVUS guidance in 232 patients. Eight stent expansion indices were evaluated to determine the association of these indices with device-oriented clinical endpoints (DoCEs) after two-year follow-ups. These were the ILUMIEN III and IV standards, the ULTIMATE (Intravascular Ultrasound Guided Drug Eluting Stents Implantation in “All-Comers” Coronary Lesions) standard, the IVUS-XPL (Impact of Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance on the Outcomes of Xience Prime Stents in Long Lesions) standard, the minimal volumetric expansion index (MVEI) using the Huo-Kassab or linear model, the MSA/vessel area at the MSA cross-section, the traditional stent expansion (MSA/mean proximal and distal reference lumen cross-sectional area), and MSA. Results: The MVEI was the only stent expansion index that correlated significantly with the two-year DoCEs (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–3.96; p = 0.028). In the ROC analysis, the area under the curve for the MVEI was 0.71 (p = 0.002), with an optimal cut-off value of 62.2 for predicting the DoCEs. Conclusions: This is the first study to use IVUS for tapering lesions and demonstrate that the MVEI is an independent predictor of two-year DoCEs.
Assessing Quality in Interventional Practice: Identifying Meaningful and Actionable Metrics
Authors: Klein Lloyd W
Published: February 2024

Interventional cardiologists should insist on quality assessment techniques that indisputably reflect the merit of care delivered. Only measurable outcomes and metrics that are modifiable should be identified and collected. An evaluation process should be adopted that genuinely appraises clinical practice, incorporating appropriate benchmarks for comparison.
Antithrombotic Therapy Following Structural Heart Disease Interventions: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Mitsis Andreas , Kyriakou Michaela , Christodoulou Evi , Sakellaropoulos Stefanos , Avraamides Panayiotis
Published: February 2024

Interventions in structural heart disease cover many catheter-based procedures for congenital and acquired conditions including valvular diseases, septal defects, arterial or venous obstructions, and fistulas. Among the available procedures, the most common are aortic valve implantation, mitral or tricuspid valve repair/implantation, left atrial appendage occlusion, and patent foramen ovale closure. Antithrombotic therapy for transcatheter structural heart disease interventions aims to prevent thromboembolic events and reduce the risk of short-term and long-term complications. The specific approach to antithrombotic therapy depends on the type of intervention and individual patient factors. In this review, we synopsize contemporary evidence on antithrombotic therapies for structural heart disease interventions and highlight the importance of a personalized approach. These recommendations may evolve over time as new evidence emerges and clinical guidelines are updated. Therefore, it’s crucial for healthcare professionals to stay updated on the most recent guidelines and individualize therapy based on patient-specific factors and procedural considerations.
Establishment of a Comprehensive Cardiac Amyloidosis Center in a Community Hospital Setting
Authors: Phuyal Prabin , Bokhari Sabahat
Published: February 2024

Cardiac amyloidosis is a great masquerader that often results in misdiagnosis of this condition. Early clinical recognition is crucial for timely therapeutic interventions to improve survival in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Currently, Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications work best if started early in the disease. Thus, to increase identification, disease awareness, expertise in diagnostic techniques, and a multidisciplinary team approach is essential. The majority of the patients (~90%) in the United States are treated in community hospitals, thus, it would be helpful for these hospitals to have their own designated, comprehensive cardiac amyloidosis center to provide care to the patients who are widespread in the community. Most of these patients are elderly, and it is difficult for these patients to travel long distances to academic amyloid centers. Our manuscript aims to provide a path to the development of cardiac amyloid centers at community hospitals.
Quantitative Theory of Money or Prices? A Historical, Theoretical, and Econometric Analysis
Authors: Gómez José M.
Published: February 2024

This research studies the relation between money and prices and its practical implications analyzing quarterly data from United States (1959-2022), Canada (1961-2022), United Kingdom (1986-2022), and Brazil (1996-2022). The historical, logical, and econometric consistency of the logical core of the two main theories of money is analyzed using objective bayesian and frequentist machine learning models, bayesian regularized artificial neural networks, and ensemble learning. It is concluded that money is not neutral at any time horizon and that, despite money is ultimately subordinated to prices, there is a reciprocal influence over time between money and prices which constitute a complex system. Non-neutrality is transmitted through aggregate demand and is based on the exchange value of money as a monetary unit.
An Analysis of International Trade of Pakistan: With a Focus on Exports
Authors: Hanif Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Pakistan is facing a persistent trade deficit, resulting in foreign debts-leading to compromise on national policies and sovereignty. This study analyzes international trade of Pakistan with a special focus on exports. The analysis is conducted by various lenses including goods traded, trading partners (in exports as well as imports), trading regions (including Australian, Asian, African, European and American regions) and economic cooperation organizations including Organization of Islamic Cooperation-OIC, Economic Cooperation Organization-ECO, and Association of Islamic Developing Countries (D-8). International trade data is extracted from the State bank of Pakistan for 12 years (Jul-03 to Jun-15). Findings suggest that Pakistan has trade linkages with multiple countries, across various regions, however, the volume of exports is significantly low than potential, as well as, the volume of imports—resulting in the trade deficit. The major import partners are China, UAE, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait, while major export-partners of Pakistan are United States of America, China, Afghanistan, United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, and Germany. Pakistan needs to capitalize on less-expensive young population (rising in skills), low cost (indigenous) raw material, basic industrial infrastructure, and agricultural and natural resources and others. To achieve higher economic growth and exports. Policy makers need to encourage exports in less focused regions including Central Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Australia, and South America. https://paradigms.ucp.edu.pk/static/uploads/2017/09/120104.pdf
Even 3- and 4-year-olds master some modal reasoning tasks – if they have a more agentive structure
Authors: Baumann Leonie , Schidelko Lydia Paulin , Proft Marina , rakoczy hannes
Published: February 2024

When does the ability to reason about multiple incompatible possibilities emerge during cognitive development? This has been a matter of considerable dispute. Conservative accounts assume that modal reasoning emerges relatively late, not before age 4, possibly on the basis of the acquisition of modal language (e.g., Leahy & Carey, 2020; Redshaw & Suddendorf, 2020). Evidence for these accounts comes from various tasks in which young children fail to prepare for possible, mutually incompatible outcomes (e.g., Beck et al., 2006; Redshaw & Suddendorf, 2016). However, it is unclear whether this type of failure truly reflects a competence deficit, or rather performance limitations. The present study addresses this question and tests whether modal reasoning can be uncovered earlier with suitably simplified methods. To this end, we modified an existing and designed a novel modal reasoning task with an agentive task structure. Agentive modality, pertaining to what can be done rather than what is the case, has been suggested to be an early emerging form of modal cognition (Vetter, 2021). In two tasks, sixty 3- to 4-year-old children chose between performing an action that must lead to a reward and an action that might lead to a reward. Moreover, we investigated whether children’s performance in the modal reasoning tasks is related to their Theory of Mind. Results show that even 3-year-old children perform competently in some tasks with an agentive task structure. There were no correlations of these modal reasoning and false belief tasks. All in all, these findings suggest that modal reasoning competence possibly emerges earlier than assumed by conservative accounts.
Corruption and Hierarchy: A Replication of Studies 1c and 6 of Fath & Kay 2018
Authors: Evans Thomas Rhys , Kviatkovskyte Renata , O'Regan Susannah , Adolph Shernay A , nishat  , Chukwudi Floriana O Nkagbu , Wildova Tereza , Krzan Maja
Published: February 2024

Corruption represents a complex problem firmly embedded within our societal structures, governments, and organisations. The current study aimed to build a clearer consensus on the extent to which perceptions of organisational corruption are associated with organisational hierarchy. Two high-powered close replications of studies 1c and 6 by Fath and Kay (2018) provide further evidence for the claim that taller organisational structures are associated with greater perceived potential for corruption, and that these perceptions may compromise subsequent trust-related behaviour. Our results reinforce the importance of organisational design and aim to inspire future works to consider the ways in which researchers and organisations can minimise corruption. Preregistration, data and materials can be found on the OSF: https://osf.io/zb5j2.
Climate change terminology does not influence willingness to take climate action
Authors: Goldwert Danielle , Doell Kimberly C , Van Bavel Jay Joseph , Vlasceanu Madalina
Published: February 2024

Despite widespread concern about climate change, a majority of people are not engaging in climate actions necessary to help decrease the risks posed by the climate emergency. Could the language used to refer to the changing climate make a difference in attempts to mobilize the population into action? The mixed results in the scientific literature prompted an ongoing debate. Across two experiments (Ntotal=6,132, recruited globally in 63 countries in Study 1, and a replication in the US in Study 2), we explored whether climate terminology influenced the extent to which individuals were willing to engage in preventative action. We tested the differential effect of 10 frequently used terms (i.e., “climate change”, “climate crisis”, “global warming”, “global heating”, “climate emergency”, “carbon pollution”, “carbon emissions”, “greenhouse gasses”, “greenhouse effect”, “global boiling”). Despite high willingness to engage in climate action (74% in Study 1 and 57% in Study 2), the terms had no impact. This pattern of results was robust across a wide variety of populations (including age, gender, political ideology, socioeconomic status, education level). Our results suggest that subtle differences in climate change language are not a barrier to climate action, indicating that focusing on subtle terminology in climate messaging is not an effective use of resources.
A bivariate twin study of cannabis use and regular tobacco smoking across three different countries
Authors: Zellers Stephanie , van Dongen Jenny , Maes Hermine H M J L , Ollikainen Miina , Fang Fang , VRIEZE SCOTT , Kaprio Jaakko , Boomsma Dorret
Published: February 2024

Background: Regular cigarette smoking and cannabis use are strongly related to each other, yet few studies explore their underlying variation and covariation. We evaluated the genetic and environmental decomposition of variance and covariance of these two traits in twin data from three countries with different social norms and legislation. Methods: Data from the Netherlands Twin Register, FinnTwin12/16, and the Minnesota Center for Twin Family Research were analyzed in bivariate threshold models of lifetime smoking and cannabis use (N=21,617). We ran unstratified models and models stratified by sex and country.Results: Prevalence of lifetime smoking was lowest in the Netherlands and prevalence of lifetime cannabis use was highest in Minnesota. In the unstratified model, genetic (A) and common environmental factors (C) contributed substantially to the liabilities of lifetime smoking (A=0.47, C=0.34) and lifetime cannabis use (A=0.28, C=0.51). The two liabilities were significantly phenotypically (rP=0.56), genetically (rA=0.74), and environmentally correlated in the unstratified model (rC=0.47and rE=0.48, representing correlations between common and unique environmental factors). The magnitude of phenotypic correlation between liabilities varied by country but not sex (Minnesota rP~.70, Netherlands rP~0.59, Finland rP~0.45). Comparisons of decomposed correlations could not be reliably tested in the stratified models. Discussion: The prevalence and association of lifetime smoking and lifetime cannabis use vary by sex and country. These two behaviors are correlated because there is genetic and environmental overlap between their underlying latent liabilities. There is heterogeneity in the genetic architecture of these traits across country.
Adaptive social decisions are disrupted in highly antagonistic individuals
Authors: Shin Yeon Soon , Wilkins Lauren , Siegel Jenifer , Mathys Christoph , Rutledge Robb , saunders kate , Crockett Molly
Published: February 2024

BackgroundHealthy social functioning relies on an ability to form accurate representations of others’ character and to utilize the representations to guide decisions. Here, we take a transdiagnostic longitudinal approach to investigate disrupted social decision-making in psychopathology. MethodsWe obtained transdiagnostic antagonism symptom scores from a battery of standardized questionnaires in an online US sample nationally representative for age, sex, and ethnicity. Participants completed a Moral Inference Task where they made a series of predictions about the moral decisions of both a selfish and a generous agent, and periodically reported their beliefs about the agents’ moral character. Participants were incentivized to form accurate representations of the agents’ tendencies as they later played an economic game where they could entrust money to the agents. We characterized the behavioral phenotypes of antagonism in forming social representations and using the representations to make adaptive social decisions.ResultsParticipants with high antagonism (1) held strong, pessimistic prior expectations, (2) were less accurate in predicting others’ moral decisions, (3) were more confident about their subjective impressions, and (4) made maladaptive trust decisions.ConclusionsWe found that disrupted social representations are specific to the latent dimension of antagonism and stable over time. The findings emphasize the role of social representations in adaptive social decisions in antagonism, providing a potential target for interventions.
Postprint_Towards implementation of cognitive bias modification in mental health care: State of the science, best practices, and ways forward
Authors: Vrijsen Janna Nonja , Grafton Ben , Koster Ernst H. W. , Lau Jennifer , Wittekind Charlotte , Lab Bar Haim , Becker Eni Sabine , Brotman Melissa A. , Joormann Jutta , Lazarov Amit , MacLeod Colin , Manning Victoria , Pettit Jeremy , Rinck Mike , Salemink Elske , Woud Marcella Lydia , Hallion Lauren S. , Wiers Reinout
Published: February 2024

Cognitive bias modification (CBM) has evolved from an experimental method testing cognitive mechanisms of psychopathology to a promising tool for accessible digital mental health care. While we are still discovering the conditions under which clinically relevant effects occur, the dire need for accessible, effective, and low-cost mental health tools underscores the need for implementation where such tools are available. Providing our expert opinion as Association for Cognitive Bias Modification members, we first discuss the readiness of different CBM approaches for clinical implementation, then discuss key considerations with regard to implementation. Evidence is robust for approach bias modification as an adjunctive intervention for alcohol use disorders and interpretation bias modification as a stand-alone intervention for anxiety disorders. Theoretical predictions regarding the mechanisms by which bias and symptom change occur await further testing. We propose that CBM interventions with demonstrated efficacy should be provided to the targeted populations. To facilitate this, we set a research agenda based on implementation frameworks, which includes feasibility and acceptability testing, co-creation with end-users, and collaboration with industry partners.
Modeling rhythm perception and temporal adaptation: top-down influences on a gradually decaying oscillator
Authors: Kaya Ece , Henry Molly J.
Published: February 2024

Adapting to a dynamically-changing auditory environment is a challenging task that our brains are able to achieve most of the time seemingly without much effort. Dynamic attending theory posits that this ability is governed by rhythmic entrainment, namely, synchronization of internal oscillators to the regularities in sound signals. Here, we investigated the properties of these oscillators, based on their behavior prior to, during and after entraining to rhythmic stimuli. We fitted a linearized oscillator model and several variants to empirical datasets, obtained from a duration discrimination paradigm that involved a wide range of stimulus rates. Two sessions of the experiment, to which the models were fitted separately, differed in their requirement for temporal adaptation: trial-to-trial changes in stimulus rate were maximal in one session, and minimal in the other. We first compared models that assumed either complete, gradual, or no decay towards the preferred rate after cessation of a stimulus rhythm, either in a silent gap between the stimulus sequence and to-be-judged comparison interval, between consecutive trials of the experiment, or both. Then, we obtained parameter estimates from the best-fitting model and compared them across session types. Results revealed that the internal oscillators gradually decay towards their preferred rate, on similar timescales within and between trials. Critically, the oscillators’ behavior is mainly determined by their preferred rate and can be modulated by task demands. The findings are in line with theoretical predictions and neuroscientific literature on oscillatory mechanisms underlying rhythm perception and temporal adaptation.
The assessment of gender differences in perceptual fear generalization and related processes
Authors: Yu Kenny , Beckers Tom , tuerlinckx francis , vanpaemel wolf , Zaman Jonas
Published: February 2024

In this study we aimed to investigate gender differences in fear generalization tendencies in humans and, inspired by recent findings in animal research, examine whether any such differences could stem from differences in memory precision. Forty men and forty women underwent a differential fear conditioning procedure using geometric shapes as cues. Subsequently, generalized fear responses were assessed across a spectrum of perceptually similar shapes. Throughout generalization testing, perceptual memory accuracy was repeatedly probed using a stimulus recreation task. Using statistical and computational modeling, we found strong evidence for the absence of gender differences in fear learning and generalization behavior. The evidence for gender differences in related processes such as perception and memory was inconclusive. Although some of our findings hinted at the possibility that women may be more perceptive of physical differences between stimuli and have more accurate memory than men, those observations were not consistently replicated across experimental conditions and analytical approaches. Our results contribute to the emerging literature on gender differences in perceptual fear generalization in humans and cast doubt on the transferability of the notion derived from animal studies of poorer memory in females than males in the context of fear generalization.
प्रयोगवादी नाट्यकलाका दृष्टिले भोको घर एकाङ्की {From the point of view of experimental drama Hungry Home Alone}
Authors: घर्ती Gharti दुर्गाबहादुर Durgabahadur
Published: February 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख गोविन्दबहादुर मल्ल ‘गोठाले’ को ‘भोको घर’ एकाङ्कीको अध्ययनमा केन्द्रित छ ।यसको सैद्धान्तिक आधार प्रयोगवादी मान्यता हो। प्रयोगवादी दृष्टिमा संरचनागतशिल्पको अध्ययन गरिएकाले यसमा नाट्यसिद्धान्तलाई पनि विश्लेषणको आधार बनाइएको छ । प्रयोगवाद कलासाहित्यका क्षेत्रमा यथार्थवाद एवं प्रकृतवादका विरोधमा जन्मेको मान्यता वा आन्दोलन हो।प्रयोगवाद र अभाँ–गार्ड समानार्थीका रूपमा प्रयुक्त भएको पाइन्छ । यो मूलतः अभिव्यञ्जनावाद, प्रतीकवाद एवं अतियथार्थवादबाट प्रभावित छ । उन्नाइसौँ शताब्दीको उत्तरार्धतिरबाट थालिएर बिसौँ शताब्दीको पूर्वार्धमा फस्टाएको प्रयोगवादी नाट्यकलाले परम्परागत नाट्यमान्यतालाई अस्वीकार गर्छ र नवनव शिल्पको खोजी गर्दछ । शिल्पमा मात्र नभएर चिन्तनगत रूपमा पनि प्रयोगवादी नाटकमा नौलो प्रवृत्ति देखापर्दछ । नेपाली नाट्यपरम्परामा “भोको घर” बाट प्रयोगवादी प्रवृत्ति देखापर्दछ । यसमा अपरम्परित संरचनाशिल्प, अयथार्थको प्रस्तुति, प्रतीकात्मकता एवं व्यङ्ग्य पाइन्छ । तिनको अध्ययन गुणात्मक पद्धतिमा आधारित भएर गरिएको छ । सामग्रीको विश्लेषणमा व्याख्यात्मक एवं विवेचनात्मक विधिको अवलम्बन गरिएको छ । प्रयोगवादी नाट्यकलाका दृष्टिले “भोको घर” सफल एकाङ्की हो भन्ने यस अध्ययनको निष्कर्ष रहेको छ ।
Pengaruh Lama Waktu Penggilingan Beras dan Jenis Ayakan terhadap Nilai Rendemen Tepung Beras
Authors: Amalina Afnita Nur , Lejap Theodorus Yoseph Tatabuang , Luthfiah Ummi
Published: February 2024

Saat ini hasil olahan pangan di Indonesia berkembang cukup pesat seiring dengan perkembangan jaman dan teknologi. Banyak inovasi olahan pangan yang digemari berbagai kalangan seperti aneka kue basah, produk roti, mie, dan biskuit. Banyak alternatif penggunaan bahan baku selain terigu yang dapat dimanfaatkan yaitu dengan menggunakan bahan lokal seperti beras, umbi-umbian, jagung, dan lainnya. Penepungan bahan baku tersebut menjadi penting dilakukan untuk mempermudah mendapatkan bahan baku aneka jenis tepung sehingga dapat dikembangkan menjadi aneka jenis inovasi olahan pangan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan penepungan beras putih dengan tiga jenis variasi waktu penggilingan yaitu 2 menit, 4 menit, dan 6 menit. Selain itu dilakukan perbandingan dengan menggunakan jenis ayakan 40 mesh dan 100 mesh. Parameter yang diamati yaitu nilai rendemen atau jumlah persen bahan yang lolos ayakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rendemen pada waktu penggilingan 2 menit berbeda nyata dengan waktu penggilingan 6 menit. Semakin lama waktu penggilingan maka nilai rendemen akan semakin besar.
 
Kata kunci: Penggilingan, Pengayakan, tepung, rendemen
V.A. OBRUCHEV – LIFE DEVOTED TO SCIENCE
Authors:   self employed, Obrucheva T.S.
Published: February 2024

The article is dedicated to the outstanding scientist, one of the founders of modern geology Vladimir Obruchev. A detailed biography of the scientist is accompanied by a list of the main directions of his activity, including the new scientific directions created by him. The great importance of Obruchev’s popular science books and his science fiction novels was especially noted. The article uses materials from the Obruchev family archive and various publications.
MIKHAIL STRASHNOV COLLECTION IN THE VERNADSKY STATE GEOLOGICAL MUSEUM OF RAS
Authors:   Vernadsky State Geological Museum RAS, Azarova Yu.V. , Samsonova N.N. ,   Vernadsky State Geological Museum RAS
Published: February 2024

The mineralogical collection of Mikhai Strashnov wich contains more than 2000 samples was transferred to the Vernadsky State Geological Museum of RAS in 2020-2021. The article provides brief biographical information about the geological and creative path of this remarkable research geologist, who devoted many years to the study of a wide variety of geological objects. Their brief geological characteristics and description of collectible minerals and rocks with photographs are presented, which reflectthe features of geological objects in Russia and abroad. Samples from currently inaccessible objects - flooded quarries in the Moscow region, the Kara-Oba and Khaidarkan deposits are especially valuable.
Casting Equipment Engineering Guide
Authors: Nath Jagan
Published: February 2024

Casting Equipment Engineering Guide covers all aspects of shape casting from the flow of raw materials to product inspection and testing. It describes the equipment and procedures used for sand and metal charge storage and handling, sand conditioning, molding and core making, iron and steel melting and pouring, aluminum melting and dosing, aluminum die casting, and gravity and low-pressure permanent and semipermanent molding. It also includes a chapter on post-process cleaning and heat treating and one on plant layout. The book provides information on the design and operation of equipment, the calculation of important parameters, and the considerations involved in selecting the right process and equipment to produce iron, steel, and aluminum castings for specific applications. For information on the print version, ISBN: 978-1-62708-445-1, follow this link.
PENANAMAN NILAI TOLERANSI DAN KERAGAMAN MELALUI STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK STORYBOOK PADA MATA PELAJARAN PPKN DI SEKOLAH DASAR 122365 PEMATANG SIANTAR
Authors: Herlina Lina , Tampubolon Putri , Tampubolon Putra Bronson
Published: February 2024

Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk menjelaskan pentingnya nilai toleransi dan keberagaman yang dapat kembangkan dengan strategi pembelajaran dilakukan oleh guru. Strategi pembelajaran sebagai upaya yang dilakukan oleh guru dan siswa untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Strategi pembelajaran tematik storybook digunakan pada pembelajaran di sekolah dasar. Kajian yang digunakan pada artikel inii mengunakan kajian literature dengan mencari dan mengumpulkan data yang sesuai dengan tema artikel yang dipilih. Data atau informasi yang berkaitan dengan penanaman nilai toleransi dan keragaman dan strategi pembelajaran. Konsep yang ditawarkan dengan implementasi strategi pembelajaran tematik storybook dapat memberikan pemahaman siswa terkait keberagaman dan dapat memberikan pemahaman nilai toleransi yang berdampak pada pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan siswa. Media storybook berisi cerita yang mengambarkan keberagaman dan toleransi, dengan media storybook dapat mendukung penanaman nilai toleransi dan keberagaman terdapat kesesuaian kompetensi dasar dari kelas satu sampai enam mata pelajaran PPKn sekolah dasar.
ANALYSIS OF THE TEACHER'S EFFORTS IN IMPROVING STUDENTS' SPEAKING SKILL AT SMP NEGERI 4 MANOKWARI
Authors: Sulistyahadi Sulistyahadi , Hasan Hawa , Izak Albarthina
Published: February 2024

The objective of this research was to describe teachers' efforts in improving students' speaking skills at SMPN 4 Manokwari. The method used was  descriptive qualitative research. The subject of this research was the English teacher at SMP Negeri 4 Manokwari. There are two teacher’s that have become the subject of this research. The data of this research were collected by observation, interview, and documentation. Data analysis in this research with three steps namely, data reduction, display data and conclusing drawing. The result of this research indicate that the efforts made by the teacher in improving  students’ English speaking skills include using strategies or techniques for singing, telling stories, games, and practicing conversations. These efforts have a big impact on improving English speaking skills.
W-Compound can be used as a Biomarker for Fetal Thyroid Function and a Potential Tool for Screening Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: Wu Sing-Yung
Published: February 2024

Sulfoconjugation is the major pathway for thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism, converting T4 to inactive metabolites, T4S, rT3S, and T3S in fetus, via sulfotransferases (SULT) and type 3 deiodinase in gestation. Consistent with high production rate of T4S and rT3S, there are high serum sulfated iodothyronine analogs, including T4S, T3S, rT3S, and 3,3’-T2S (T2S), in ovine and human fetal and preterm infants. Fetal TH metabolic pathways predict T2S as the major TH metabolite in the fetus. Since maternal T2S appears to be quantitatively derived from fetal T3 (the active TH), the amount of T2S in the maternal compartment correlates with fetal thyroid function in sheep. In humans, maternal serum contains high levels of radioimmunoassayable T2S; however, it displays as a peak adjacent to but unidentical to synthetic T2S on HLPC and we named it the W-Compound. Levels of W-Compound increase during pregnancy and peak as high as 20-fold to that of nonpregnant women. Maternal serum levels of W-Compound significantly correlate with fetal T4 and W-compound concentrations but not maternal serum T4 in euthyroid or hyperthyroid women, showing a distinct difference between fetal and maternal in TH metabolism. Fetal T2S is actively transferred to the mother via placenta and the quantity of T2S or its metabolite (W-Compound) in maternal compartment reflects fetal thyroid function. Thus, maternal serum W-Compound may be a biomarker for monitoring fetal thyroid function in utero, although more investigations are needed to determine if it can be used as an alternative strategy for screening/managing congenital hypothyroidism due to dysregulated thyroid hormone metabolism.
A Comprehensıve Revıew of the Therapeutıc Effect of Regular Exercıse in Solvıng the Problem of Beıng Overweıght in Chıldren and Adolescents
Authors: Oral Prof. Onur
Published: February 2024

Background: This study aims to emphasize that physical activity habits to be acquired during childhood can contribute positively to prevent obesity and overweight problems by improving the development of basic movement skills and motor skill competence, with positive effects on children's motor development. Materials and Methods: In the search for scientific literature for this review, data from the US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), MEDLINE, and SportDiscus were used, and the terms “sedentary lifestyle”, “children and adolescent health”, “obesity and overweight”, “physical activity”, and were used. The relevant literature has also taken its source from the research of relevant articles from reference lists derived from data searches. Results: Especially sportive activities such as athletics, gymnastics, swimming, walking, volleyball, football, basketball, and tennis, which can be determined after basic movement training, can make significant contributions to the development of children's anatomical and physiological characteristics. For this reason, it is of great importance to raise the awareness of parents and teachers that regular physical activity can increase the chances of success in the prevention and treatment of health problems such as obesity and overweight, which are likely to be seen in childhood and adolescence. Conclusion: Obesity and being overweight, which poses a risk to the child and adolescent health has become widespread in recent years. Regular exercise for the prevention of obesity can provide a highly rational treatment in terms of its therapeutic effects, which can also prevent and treat many chronic diseases. Maintaining and improving overall health through regular physical activity for a healthy life will also lead to successful weight management.
Commentary on Article: The Role of PPM1D in Cancer and Advances in Studies of its Inhibitors
Authors: Wu Yong
Published: February 2024

The review article entitled "The role of PPM1D in cancer and advances in studies of its inhibitors" provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the function of PPM1D in cancer and the progress that has been made in the development of inhibitors to target this protein. PPM1D, also known as WIP1, is a serine/threonine phosphatase that plays a key role in regulating several cellular processes including DNA damage response, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of PPM1D has been implicated in various types of cancer, and this article delves into the molecular mechanisms by which PPM1D overexpression can promote tumorigenesis.
Tubercular Epidural Abscess: A Rare Case Report Revisited - Commentary and Insights
Authors: Tomar Lavindra
Published: February 2024

Our previous article highlighted the case of a patient who presented with acute lower back pain, leading to the diagnosis of tubercular epidural abscess. We emphasized the rarity of this condition, as well as the challenges it poses in terms of differential diagnosis and timely intervention. This commentary delves deeper into the implications of such cases and explores potential areas for further research, clinical consideration, and management strategies.
METHOD OF THE ADAPTIVE MULTILAYER INFORMATION PROTECTION ON THE BASIS OF STEGANOGRAPHY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Lukichov Vitalii , Baryshev Yurii ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Kondratenko Natalia ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Malinovskyi Vadym ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University
Published: February 2024

An analysis of known solutions to the problem of steganographic and cryptographic methods combining to achieve multilayer information protection is presented. Results of the analysis allowed us to identify trends and prospects for the development of these kink of methods. Based on the results of the analysis, the research task was determined concerning the adaptation of the used cryptographic and steganographic methods in order to achieve the best level of protection, which is needed at critical systems. Metrics were defined, those allowed to choose the best combination of cryptographic and steganographic protection methods parameters. A method of multilayered information protection is presented, which combines cryptographic and steganographic approaches to ensure an increased level of information’s confidentiality and integrity protection. It is proposed to introduce criteria for the selection of cryptographic transformations in such a way that their combination together with steganographic transformations gives the best impact. An instance of the proposed method implementation is given in order to prove the concept. An algorithm has been developed that implements the proposed method of adaptive multilayer information protection. The perspective of further research is determined.
APPLICATION OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS FOR DESIGNING AND 3D PRINTING OF A FOUNDRY PATTERN WITH VENTILATION CHANNELS IN ITS WALLS
Authors:   Physical-technological Institute of Metals and Alloys, of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Doroshenko Volodymyr , Yanchenko Olexandr ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University
Published: February 2024

In the context of the implementation of the "Industry 4.0" concept, digitalization and automation today have become not just the basis of competitive advantage in the production of goods (works, services), in many areas they are perceived as a necessary condition for the organization of production processes. In particular, thanks to the digitization and automation of foundry production in Ukraine, there is an opportunity to create a powerful potential that will contribute to the recovery of the country. Due to the expansion of the use of computer systems for the design and 3D printing of polymer foundry patterns with ventilation channels, it became possible to develop one of the methods of metal casting according to gasifying patterns (LFC) with the use of printed patterns (models), which corresponds to the growing trend of digitalization and automation of foundries processes. This became possible due to the increase in the intensity of evacuation of the products of gasification of printed patterns in the foundry mold using the vacuum of this mold. The developed method allows you to get a total benefit both from fairly fast computer-oriented 3D processes of designing and printing a foundry pattern, as well as from short-term processes of forming and punching out castings due to the use of dry sand foundry molds at LFC. At the same time, the digital transformation of LFC is combined with the resource efficiency of the reversible use of molding materials without changing the current standards of control of metal products of foundries. And the adaptation of production to additive technologies allows direct interaction with the buyer of the product, which is designed according to his individual digital project, with the help of the Internet. The latter corresponds to the concept of "manufacturing as a service" (MaaS). Also, this implementation of the use of computer systems and new digital processes in traditional foundry processes shortens the time gap from the creation of prototypes and tools to the mass production of metal products.
How to read (and understand) folk poetry? Аn example of applying a cognitive approach to the study of an oral Arabic tradition from Northern Morocco
Authors: Gintsburg S.
Published: February 2024

In this paper, I offer reading of the oral tradition of the Jbala (Northern Morocco) from the cognitive perspective. To get a better understanding of the process of spontaneous poetic creation I use the notions of frame and script and apply them to the genre of ayyu, a short improvised oral poetic genre from the Jbala region. In the introductory section, I briefly present the field of cognitive poetics and discuss last advances in it. Then I present the oral poetic tradition of the Jbala and demonstrate how frames and scripts operate when poetry is performed live by analyze in detail two frames, typical of Jebli poetry together with the scripts associated with them, and then summarize my findings in the concluding section of the paper.
Lexical means of the Iraqi dialect for description the appearance, character, and characteristics of a person
Authors: Hana Ya. Yu. J.
Published: February 2024

The article provides an analysis of lexical constructions that are used in the modern Iraqi dialect of Arabic to describe the appearance or character of a person. The layer of vocabulary chosen for study is unique; most of the set expressions are not used in literary Arabic. The author groups the constructions under consideration by meaning, offers their translation into Russian, noting possible analogies, and also provides comments necessary to understand the semantics of a particular expression. The article also discusses constructions that reflect the influence on the Iraqi dialect a large amount of vocabulary borrowed from Persian, Turkish and English. Many borrowings of this kind are used to describe a person’s character and appearance.

The vocabulary of the Arabic dialects is most susceptible to various influences and is of particular interest to the researcher, as it gives an idea of the ability of the language to constantly change, adapting to modern needs. The study of such constructions is important for a more complete understanding of the characteristics of the spoken language, and at the same time the mentality of its speakers.
Comparison of Approaches to Arabic-Russian Transcription and Transliteration
Authors: Orlov I. A.
Published: February 2024

To date, in the Russian-speaking space there has been no unified approach to Arabic-Russian transcription and transliteration (the term “transmission” is used hereinafter). Different groups of authors and researchers use different solutions for certain transmission tasks. Some authors, due to the lack of clear recognized guidelines, do not adhere to specific rules even within the same work. And although unification or the development of a single generally accepted approach to Arabic-Russian transmission does not seem achievable, the problem of disordered diversity can be solved by systematizing approaches. This article takes the first steps in this direction. It provides an overview of approaches to Arabic-Russian transmission presented in the literature, specific problematic issues that authors encounter during transmission are highlighted, and solutions of different authors on these problems are compared. The paper concludes by describing steps that are necessary to take in the future to systematize approaches to Arabic-Russian transmission.
The descendants of the Mamluks in the Arab sociocultural environment: Ibn Qurqmas (d. 1477)
Authors: Iliushina M. Yu.
Published: February 2024

The awlād al-nās (the descendants of the Mamluks) were the only group outside the military class in the Circassian Sultanate that had access to the Mamluk world, otherwise closed to all who did not belong to it. In the spiritual culture, awlād al-nās constituted a link between the Mamluks and the local population. Nasir al-Din Muhammad Ibn Qurqmas (1400–1477), was a proliϐic Egyptian writer, poet, calligrapher and compiler of a Quranic commentary was a mamluk descender, one of awlād al-nās. The article comprises information from the “Zahr al-Rabīʿ ϔī Shawāhid al-Badīʿ” by Ibn Qurqmas and also some materials with regards to his biography as discovered in the writings by Abu al-Mahasin Yusuf Ibn Taghri Birdi (d. in 1469), ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Sakhawi (d. in 1497) and Muhammad b. Ahmad Ibn Iyas al-Hanaϐi (d. in 1524). It aims to trace the avenues of incorporation of a Mamluk descendant into the local socio-cultural environment of medieval Egypt.