bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zoochory on and off: A field experiment for trait‐based analysis of establishment success of grassland species
Authors: Kiss Réka , Deák Balázs , Tóthmérész Béla , Miglécz Tamás , Tóth Katalin , Török Péter , Lukács Katalin , Godó Laura , Körmöczi Zsófia , Radócz Szilvia , Borza Sándor , Kelemen András , Sonkoly Judit , Kirmer Anita , Tischew Sabine , Valkó Orsolya
Published: June 2021

Aims

We tested the establishment success of grassland species in the presence or absence of zoochory by livestock and identified the traits associated with successful establishment.

Location

Hortobágy National Park, Hungary.

Methods

In six restored species‐poor grasslands we established two species‐rich 4 m × 4 m source plots per site in 2013. One source plot was managed by extensive cattle grazing (“zoochory on”), the other one was fenced and protected from grazers (“zoochory off”). We monitored the vegetation development in the source plots (2014–2018), and the establishment success of sown species (2016–2018) in adjacent dispersal plots in four, 20‐m‐long strips per source plot in a total of 960 dispersal plots. We calculated community‐weighted means of thirteen plant traits related to regeneration and competitive ability. The effect of grazing, year, distance from source plots, grazing–year and grazing–distance interactions on population and trait dynamics in the source and dispersal plots were analysed with generalized linear mixed‐effect models.

Results

Although grazing reduced the cover and flowering success of sown species in the source plots, the number of successful establishment events was higher in dispersal plots next to grazed source plots. The sown species were the most abundant in plots adjacent to source plots, but occurred at all monitored distances. Zoochory favoured perennial plants with high specific leaf area (SLA), low leaf dry matter content (LDMC), short stature, light seeds, early flowering period, high clonal index and anemochory index.

Conclusions

We showed that species that can colonize the matrix with and without zoochory have contrasting trait syndromes. In grazing‐adapted ecosystems, fencing source populations of target species does not always seem to be a good option. It was a good tool for increasing the cover and flowering success of the sown species in the short run, but it significantly decreased their chance to colonize the surrounding area in the long run.
Is hepatitis delta underestimated?
Authors: Papatheodoridi Margarita , Papatheodoridis George V.
Published: June 2021

Hepatitis D virus may be underestimated because it is a significant problem in HBsAg‐positive patients, especially those who inject drugs, have HIV or HCV co‐infections and/or live in certain endemic regions. In the past few decades, the prevalence of HDV was expected to have decreased as a result of improvements in public healthcare policies and universal HBV vaccination programs. However, HDV has continued to spread in low‐income countries, with local outbreaks and migration to less endemic areas, so that its prevalence has remained stable or even increased in certain regions. As a result, research has been focused on the epidemiology of HDV. Contradicting data from three large recent meta‐analyses have reported that the prevalence of HDV may be between 0.16% and 1.00% in the global general population, and 4.5% and 14.6% in HBsAg‐positive patients, with an estimated 12 to 70 million HDV patients worldwide. The exact prevalence and estimated number of HDV patients is still a subject of debate for several reasons, including the unreliable assessment of the infection and a lack of real‐world screening. HDV infection is associated with an increased risk of progression to cirrhosis and the development of HCC compared to patients with HBV mono‐infection, a risk which is even higher in patients with HIV co‐infection. Morbidity and mortality from HDV‐related cirrhosis should not be overlooked. In conclusion, hepatitis D virus is probably underestimated and certainly underdiagnosed, and screening for HDV should be performed in all HBsAg‐positive patients in clinical practice.
Nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy: The role of tenofovir alafenamide
Authors: Buti Maria , Marcos‐Fosch Cristina , Esteban Rafael
Published: June 2021

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains an important global health problem, and may be difficult to manage in clinical practice. Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) with a high barrier to resistance (entecavir [ETV], tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [TDF] and tenofovir alafenamide [TAF]) are the most frequently used HBV treatments because of their long‐term effectiveness and tolerability. ETV may be less effective in patients with lamivudine‐resistant strains, and TDF is associated with impaired renal function and reductions in bone mineral density. TAF, a new tenofovir prodrug, has been developed to overcome the less favourable safety profile of TDF. TAF is more stable in plasma, and higher tenofovir levels are achieved within cells at lower doses than with TDF. Several registration and real‐life studies, performed up to week 144 of treatment, have shown that TAF is at least as effective as TDF, with higher rates of ALT normalization and significantly fewer kidney disturbances and changes in bone mineral density. No emergence of drug resistance has been found with TAF use. The main limitation to prescribing TAF is its price. The European Association for the Study of the Liver has suggested selecting TAF or ETV instead of TDF in patients >65 years old and in those with a risk of osteoporosis or renal abnormalities, and to prescribe TAF rather than ETV in patients previously exposed to NAs.
Is elimination of HCV realistic by 2030: France
Authors: Pol Stanislas , Lair‐Mehiri Loriane , Vallet‐Pichard Anaïs
Published: June 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed a plan for the elimination of viral hepatitis with a goal of reducing new hepatitis infections by 30% and 90% in 2020 and 2030, and associated mortality by 10% and 65% respectively. Actions and targets to reach these goals include improving hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination programs, the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HBV, improving the safety of blood products and injections, risk reduction policies and optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis. The goal of eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) by 2030 is based on three main actions: increased screening, strengthening access to care and the prevention of infections and re‐infections. But, can this goal be reached? The answer to this question is yes in some countries, perhaps in others and no in most countries. Success will be limited by a “diagnosis burn‐out” with 5 times more new viral infections than diagnoses in 2016 and a “treatment burn‐out” with cure rates that are 5 times lower than the number of new infections. Nevertheless, France, like 10 other countries, is on track to achieve the WHO elimination plan by 2030. In France, the prioritization of oral antivirals in 2013‐2014 which was extended to high‐risk populations in 2015 (HIV‐infected patients) and 2016 (men who have sex with men, dialyzed or kidney transplant recipients), then in 2017 to universal treatment with full coverage by French national healthcare (10 to 15 000 treatments per year) has resulted in half of the 120 000 patients needed to be treated by 2022 have been treated. Renewed efforts should make it possible to reach the target announced by the French Minister of Health in May 2018 by 2025.
Mitochondrial DNA variation of Metapenaeus monoceros (Decapoda, Penaeidae) reveals high genetic variation within Bangladesh with distinct lineages in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Alam M. M. Mahbub , Pálsson Snæbjörn
Published: June 2021

The speckled shrimp Metapenaeus monoceros is a commercially important penaeid shrimp in the Indo‐West Pacific region including Bangladesh. Phylogenetics of penaeid shrimps is still a debatable issue, and molecular variation within the species is large. This study focused on the phylogeography of M. monoceros, including an assessment of the phylogenetic relationships among seven other Metapenaeus species by assessing sequence variation in three mitochondrial markers, the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), control region (CR) and 16S rRNA (16S). In addition, the mitochondrial variation along the Bangladesh coastline was analysed. The mitochondrial variation has a clear geographical pattern with two distinct evolutionary lineages, one found in the western Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea and the second in the eastern Indian Ocean. A phylogenetic analysis of Metapenaeus based on the three markers revealed polyphyletic relationships within the genus and that the taxonomy needs revision. The mtDNA variation in Metapenaeus monoceros in Bangladesh presents a single population (AMOVA, FST and ΦST p > .05), which started to expand around 467 (CI: 186–753) kyr ago, and is characterized by a large number of closely related haplotypes. The study could be used to improve the management and conservation of the shrimp fishery in the region.
What drives program terminations for the federal government?
Authors: Kasdin Stuart , McCann Anthony
Published: June 2021

Do federal program terminations result from politics or program ineffectiveness? We used mixed methods, starting with a survey of current and former budget officials and staffers in the Office of Management and Budget, Appropriations Committees, and other Congressional committees. We followed this up using OMB budget data and the Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART). Consistent with the survey results, the President's Budget request did have an impact. Political events, particularly changes in party control of Congress, also had an impact. The influence of performance information was less clear: The PART evaluations did not seem to influence the likelihood of terminations.
Ultrasound‐guided photodynamic therapy with intralesional methylene blue and a 635 nm light‐emitting diode lamp in hidradenitis suppurativa: A retrospective study of 41 patients
Authors: Gamissans Marta , Riera‐Martí Núria , Romaní Jorge , Gilaberte Yolanda
Published: June 2021

Background

Photodynamic therapy for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a therapeutic alternative with a good safety profile, but its effectiveness has yet to be demonstrated.

Objectives

To demonstrate the effectiveness of PDT with intralesional methylene blue in HS lesions.

Methods

A retrospective cross‐sectional study was performed. Forty‐one patients were treated with intralesional methylene blue and a diode lamp. Follow‐up was carried out at 1 and 6 months after therapy. Efficacy was determined by the diameter reduction of the lesion measured by high‐frequency ultrasound.

Results

A reduction of ≥75% in the maximum diameter was recorded in 58.5% of the lesions, while 22% showed a reduction between 50% and 75%, and 19.5% showed a reduction of <50%. Recurrence rate was 12.5%. The lesions treated in patients with typical forms of HS (Canoui‐Poitrine phenotype I) had a better therapeutic response. No statistically significant differences were found in terms of lesion location or concomitant treatment.

Conclusion

This therapy may potentially be a cost‐effective and well‐tolerated local therapy for Hurley I‐II patients with superficial abscesses and fistulas.
Experiences of paediatric emergence delirium ‐ from parents’ and a child’s perspective
Authors: Ringblom Jenny , Proczkowska Marie , Korhonen Laura , Wåhlin Ingrid
Published: June 2021

Background

Emergence delirium is a complex behaviour of perceptual disturbances that may occur after general anaesthesia in children. These children often exhibit delusions, confusion, restlessness and involuntary physical activity. They cry and are almost impossible to console. Research has mainly focused on comparing different medication agents in the occurrence of and dealing with emergence delirium. However, less is known about parents’ experiences of emergence delirium during the recovery process, and there is hardly any research concerning the children's experiences.

Aims

The primary aim of this study was to describe parents’ experiences and reflections during their child's emergence delirium behaviour when recovering from anaesthesia. A secondary aim was to describe children's experiences of having been in this condition.

Method

A qualitative research approach with thematic analysis was applied. The study was conducted at two county hospitals in southern Sweden. A total of 16 parents and one child were interviewed.

Results

Watching their child demonstrate emergence delirium made parents feel as if they were encountering an incomprehensible scenario. They experienced fear and insecurity and had feelings of powerlessness and guilt. Information and previous experience turned out to offer relief, and being seen by the healthcare staff when they, in their vulnerability, failed to reach or console their child, gave hope and energy. The child confirmed the unexpected and uncontrolled behaviour described by parents. She clearly remembered being ‘wild’ and out of control.

Conclusion

Emergence delirium must be extensively considered in children undergoing general anaesthesia. It is of great importance for healthcare staff to be aware of the parental difficulties it may cause and what is experienced as relieving, such as receiving information and staff members being available, responsive and supportive during the wake‐up period.
Incidence of herpes zoster in adult solid organ transplant recipients: A meta‐analysis and comprehensive review
Authors: Kwon Da Eun , Lee Hye Sun , Lee Kyoung Hwa , La Yeonju , Han Sang Hoon , Song Yong Goo
Published: June 2021

Background

Chronic immunosuppressive therapy in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients can trigger latent varicella zoster virus reactivation even in those with stable graft function. The inactivated herpes zoster (HZ) vaccine can be effective in preventing post‐transplant HZ, which can cause severe neuralgia or disseminated disease. This meta‐analysis aims to assess the incidences of HZ across transplant organs in SOT recipients.

Methods

We included 12 observational studies (6560 recipients) from a PubMed and EMBASE search of articles through October 2019 and collected data from single‐center dating from January 2001 to December 2017 (3498 recipients). The pooled HZ incidence and its differences between subgroups were obtained from random‐effect models and meta‐analysis of variance tests using R package.

Results

The overall pooled crude incidence was 9.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.6%‐10.8%). The pooled incidence was similar between sexes but significantly different between transplanted organs (P < .001). Heart transplants (HT) (n = 644) have the highest pooled incidence with 15.2% (95% CI, 12.7%‐18.2%), followed by lung transplants (LTX) (n = 780) with 11.0% (8.3%‐14.4%). Kidney transplants (n = 5435) have the lowest incidence of 6.7 (5.1%‐8.8%). The meta‐regression analysis revealed that HZ development had a relationship with past graft rejection (P = .024).

Conclusion

These data support the need for subunit HZ vaccination in SOT recipients with a high risk for HZ, especially HT and LTX recipients, without respect to the late post‐transplant period.
Estimation of Lewis‐negative alleles by high‐resolution melting analysis of three tag SNPs of FUT3
Authors: Soejima Mikiko , Koda Yoshiro
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives

The expression of type 1 chain Lewis blood group antigens is regulated by secretor‐type α(1,2)fucosyltransferase, encoded by FUT2, and Lewis α(1,3/1,4)fucosyltransferase, encoded by FUT3. Accumulating evidence has linked Lewis phenotypes or genotypes to various clinical conditions. Thus, in addition to FUT2, large‐scale FUT3 genotyping is important. Because FUT3 has two paralogous genes (FUT5 and FUT6) with high DNA sequence similarity, we should select the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers carefully for FUT3 genotyping. Previously, we suggested that 13G>A (rs28362458), 59T>G (rs28362459) and 202T>C (rs812936) could be selected as tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for detection of Lewis‐negative alleles (le).

Materials and Methods

In this study, three high‐resolution melting (HRM) analyses for genotyping these SNPs were developed and applied for 140 Japanese, eight Ghanaians and four Sinhalese subjects.

Results

Each of three genotypes of 13G>A (G/G, G/A, A/A), 59T>G (T/T, T/G, G/G) and 202T>C (T/T, T/C, C/C) was discriminated clearly. Although we need to be careful in interpretation of results due to SNPs other than the 59T>G in the amplicon, the results of 59T>G genotyping were in full agreement with the results by a previous PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in 140 Japanese. In addition, three heterozygotes of 202C substitution were identified, and no one having a 13A substitution was found in 140 Japanese.

Conclusion

The present HRM analyses are useful and reliable methods for large‐scale estimation of le alleles.
A review of Cyclospora cayetanensis in animals
Authors: Totton Sarah Ceridwen , O'Connor Annette Maree , Naganathan Thivya , Martinez Brayan Alexander Fonseca , Sargeant Jan Merrill
Published: June 2021

Cyclosporiasis is a global, emerging disease in humans caused by Cyclospora cayetanensis. The role of animals in the epidemiology of cyclosporiasis is not fully understood. We conducted a narrative review of the published literature on C. cayetanensis in animals. MEDLINE® (Web of Science™), Agricola (ProQuest), CABI Global Health (1979 to December 2020) and Food Science and Technology Abstracts (EBSCOhost) (1979 to February 2020) were searched. Studies of C. cayetanensis in or on any species of animal were eligible. Thirteen relevant studies were found. C. cayetanensis was found in wild and farmed Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), wild grooved carpet shell clams (Ruditapes decussatus) and in the faeces of dogs (domestic and street), wild chickens, wild rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) from a wildlife research centre, and Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) from an experimental primate research centre. As the small intestines of the naturally exposed animals were not biopsied, existence of a natural animal reservoir of C. cayetanensis could not be confirmed. Animals shedding oocysts in their faeces may be paratenic hosts. Investigators were able to successfully infect the following animals with C. cayetanensis: oysters, Asian freshwater clams (Corbicula fluminea), Swiss albino mice and guinea pigs. Future non‐laboratory studies of animals should use PCR coupled with DNA sequencing to confirm that the species found is C. cayetanensis. The potential role of animals in the transport of oocysts and contamination of food, water, and soil could be explored through future primary research.
MODELS, DETECTION METHODS, AND CHALLENGES IN DC ARC FAULT: A REVIEW
Authors: Omran Alaa Hamza , Mat Said Dalila , Abdulhussain Sadiq H. , Hussin Siti Maherah , Ahmad Nasarudin
Published: June 2021

The power generation of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is being implemented in every nation worldwide due to its environmentally clean characteristics. Therefore, PV technology is signiﬁcantly growing in the present applications and usage of PV power systems. Despite the strength of the PV arrays in power systems, the arrays remain susceptible to certain faults. An effective supply requires economic returns, the security of the equipment and humans, precise fault identiﬁcation, diagnosis, and interruption tools. Meanwhile, the faults in unidentiﬁed arc lead to serious ﬁre hazards to commercial, residential, and utility-scale PV systems. To ensure secure and dependable distribution of electricity, the detection of such hazards is crucial in the early phases of the distribution. In this paper, a detailed review of modern approaches for the identiﬁcation of DC arc faults in PV is presented. In addition, a thorough comparison is performed between various DC arc-fault models, characteristics, and approaches used for the identiﬁcation of the faults.
A REVIEW ON THE APPLICATION OF GRANULAR FILTER MEDIA AND THE UTILIZATION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL WASTES FOR STORMWATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Awang Ali Awang Nasrizal , Bolong Nurmin , Abdul Taha Nazaruddin
Published: June 2021

The stormwater management practices have changed from conveyance-oriented to storage-oriented, as part of the Best Management Practices (BMPs). Still, uncontrolled development increases potential pollutants in the stormwater, which conveys into a water body or river. Continuous improvements in the filtration mechanism would complement stormwater management. For the past decades, there is progress in applying granular filter media for stormwater quality improvement. However, the reports were not systematically reviewed. In this paper, the recent five years research that utilizes granular filter media for improving stormwater quality was retrieved and reviewed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was referred to, where Scopus and Web of Sciences, two primary journal databases, were used. Initially, keywords searching strings have resulted in 467 articles, which were further screened. Four themes have been formed: stormwater management, stormwater characteristics, separation mechanisms, and future perspectives. Next, two sub-themes and two sub-sub-themes were further established. Then, 65 articles were included manually to complement the themes developed to explore the potential agro-industrial wastes as sustainable filter media. Therefore, this review has proven that the relatively inexpensive and renewable resources from the agro-industrial wastes can remove pollutants efficiently from the stormwater. Four main criteria affecting filter media performances are also highlighted, including the grain sizes of the media, media bed configuration, hydraulic loading rate, and the suspended solids concentration. Further study on these variables can be beneficial to explore the impact of utilizing agro-based media in stormwater filtration.
ENHANCING HYDROPHILICITY OF POLYSULFONE MEMBRANE SURFACE BY UV IRRADIATION OF DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS AND BY PEG GRAFTING
Authors: Ruangdit Soraya , Sirijaruku Suksawat , Chittrakarn Thawat , Kaew-on Chaiporn
Published: June 2021

Polysulfone polymer (PSF) membrane has disadvantages due to its hydrophobicity, which may cause fouling and reduce separation performance. Therefore, this study aimed to enhance the hydrophilicity of PSF membranes by using irradiation at different ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, followed by Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) grafting on the PSF surfaces. The hydrophilicity of the treated membrane surfaces was examined by measuring water contact angle (WCA), surface energy (SE), surface morphology, functional groups, salt rejection, and water flux in a filtration instrument. The results show that with long UV treatment for up to 72 h, the 312 nm wavelength gave lesser WCA than treatment at 254 nm. The treated PSF membrane irradiated at 312 nm for 72 h, followed by PEG grafting, was effectively improved and retained increased hydrophilicity for up to thirty days.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYSULFONE-ZnO NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANE
Authors: Hidayah Malikhatul , Kusworo Tutuk Djoko , Susanto Heru
Published: June 2021

Large quantities of wastewater are generated by the petroleum refining process.  Micron-scale emulsion droplets and submicron droplets are difficult to remove from oil-refined wastewater, and addressing these issues has been a major challenge for researchers. Membrane technology is widely used in water treatment because it is very selective and effective in the filtration process.  his research focuses on oil refinery water treatment using a polysulfone membrane (PSF)-nano-ZnO membrane with the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG). This research aims to determine the PEG ratio that produces the optimum PSF-ZnO membrane in terms of mechanical properties, including thickness, tensile strength, and molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) value. The membranes with the optimum clearance were obtained at 3% PEG with a thickness of 0.0077 mm, Young's modulus of 8800 N/m2, and  Morphological analysis was performed using the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) method on the membrane which had the highest and lowest permeability values.. The best membrane MWCO value was achieved by the addition of 19% PSF-nano-ZnO 1% wt at 5 minutes of UV irradiation. This shows that the addition of PEG composite affects pore openings. The membrane formed with variations in PEG concentrations affecting the thickness of the membrane. Higher concentrations make the membrane thicker, resulting in a higher Young’s modulus.
Canonical bases arising from quantum symmetric pairs of Kac–Moody type
Authors: Bao Huanchen , Wang Weiqiang
Published: June 2021

For quantum symmetric pairs $(\textbf {U}, \textbf {U}^\imath )$ of Kac–Moody type, we construct $\imath$-canonical bases for the highest weight integrable $\textbf U$-modules and their tensor products regarded as $\textbf {U}^\imath$-modules, as well as an $\imath$-canonical basis for the modified form of the $\imath$-quantum group $\textbf {U}^\imath$. A key new ingredient is a family of explicit elements called $\imath$-divided powers, which are shown to generate the integral form of $\dot {\textbf {U}}^\imath$. We prove a conjecture of Balagovic–Kolb, removing a major technical assumption in the theory of quantum symmetric pairs. Even for quantum symmetric pairs of finite type, our new approach simplifies and strengthens the integrality of quasi-$K$-matrix and the constructions of $\imath$-canonical bases, by avoiding a case-by-case rank-one analysis and removing the strong constraints on the parameters in a previous work.
Neurociencias, farmacos y libertad: diálogo antropológico y teológico en torno a la dignidad humana
Authors: Vergara Hoyos José Vicente , Jiménez Rodríguez Luis Orlando , Mejía Naranjo Wilson Alfonso , Sutachan Rubio Jhon Jairo , Torifio Sánchez Nelson
Published: June 2021

El avance tecnológico en diferentes áreas de la biología, química y física han llevado a un mejor entendimiento del sistema nervioso, especialmente del funcionamiento del cerebro. Este nuevo conocimiento marcará nuestra visión de lo que consideramos no solo biológico sino también antropológico y espiritual. Las ciencias biomédicas, al igual que las hermenéuticas, amplían su interés por el cerebro desde una malla disciplinar e interdisciplinar en que las diversas perspectivas científicas y saberes nos permitirán una comprensión integral e integradora en este campo. Empero, a la teología también le interesa estas nuevas indagaciones, no solo desde el entender de la visión trascedente y religiosa de la vida, sino también desde una antropología de la fe, moral y ética. Pero ¿por qué a la teología moral le interesa el cerebro? ¿Qué conexiones hay entre la moralidad y el cerebro? Una primera respuesta podría darse en el sentido en que las implicaciones de la fe deben buscarse de manera inteligente, aunque ello no signifique reducirlo todo a la fisiología del cerebro y solo a los estudios relacionados con este aspecto. Los puentes tejidos interdisciplinariamente alrededor del cerebro nos sitúan frente a problemas humanos que requieren atención. Por eso, en el presente artículo abordamos desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar, de nuestro quehacer como docentes e investigadores en áreas de la biología, teología y filosofía, los mecanismos celulares y moleculares que median las practicas espirituales y como ellas se pueden ver afectados por propiedades específicas de fármacos. A su vez, abordamos la responsabilidad que tiene la neurociencia de asumir en sus reflexiones, y en una actitud no reduccionista, el concepto de la dignidad humana. Una reflexión en orden a una antropología más global abarcante de la libertad y la responsabilidad ante los nuevos avances sobre el cerebro. Esperamos que con este escrito se abran nuevos espacios que, contribuyan en la línea de la libertad, lo particular de la identidad de cada sujeto y finalmente, su pertenecía a una comunidad humana.
Percepción de los estudiantes de segundo semestre de la carrera de Medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Cali) ante la transición de una modalidad presencial a una apoyada en medios digitales durante el tiempo de la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Osorio Roa Diana Marcela , Montoya Cobo Estefanía , Isaza Gómez Germán Darío
Published: June 2021

Las condiciones producto de la pandemia por COVID-19 han limitado el desarrollo de la educación tradicional y aumentado considerablemente el uso de plataformas tecnológicas. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la percepción de los estudiantes de segundo semestre de Medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Cali) sobre la transición de una modalidad presencial a una apoyada en medios digitales durante el tiempo de la pandemia. La metodología se orientó desde un enfoque mixto, donde se articuló el diseño descriptivo y un diseño comprensivo, construido a partir de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos procesados en los programas SPSS Statics y Nvivo. Con un cuestionario a 82 estudiantes, se identificó la percepción en cuanto a dificultades, oportunidades y sentimientos que les ha dejado el aprendizaje apoyado en medios digitales. La COVID-19 ha dejado un reto social para la humanidad. En lo educativo marcó un antes y un después, pues modificó todos los procesos educativos, no solo desde la enseñanza, sino desde el aprendizaje, al modificar los espacios
académicos, ritmos de aprendizaje y tiempos de estudio y al llevar la educación a la reinvención y potencialización de nuevas experiencias educativas
Intervenciones médicas no proporcionales al final de la vida en un hospital de alta complejidad en Colombia
Authors: Gempeler Fritz Eduardo , Torregrosa Almonacid Lilian , Cuadrado Daniela Maria , Barriga Rodríguez Sofía , Sotomayor Londoño Jerónimo , Jassir Acosta María Paula , Filizzola Bermúdez Juan David , Uribe Rueda Daniel
Published: June 2021

Resumen

Objetivo: Analizar las intervenciones realizadas en una cohorte de pacientes fallecidos en un hospital universitario de alta complejidad y definir la proporcionalidad terapéutica de las mismas, a partir del estudio de la prevalencia de “tratamientos no benéficos”. Metodología Estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo, basado en la revisión de historias clínicas de los pacientes fallecidos en el periodo de dos años en un hospital universitario de alta complejidad Resultados: Se analizaron  931 historias de pacientes fallecidos y en la categorización de acuerdo con el criterio de “proporcionalidad terapéutica” se encontró que en el 54,7% de los pacientes se realizaron intervenciones diagnosticas o terapéuticas clasificadas como “desproporcionadas” de acuerdo con la definición aplicada. Conclusión: En la práctica las intervenciones no proporcionales o no benéficas al final de la vida son prevalentes, lo que constituye un problema mayor y persistente, a pesar de sus repercusiones negativas sobre los pacientes, las familias, los profesionales de la salud y el sistema de salud.

Palabras claves

Bioética - Ética médica - Inutilidad Médica (Futilidad) - Humanización de la atención
Número necesario a tratar y número necesario para producir daño: su importancia
Authors: Jassir Acosta Maria Paula , Gómez-Restrepo Carlos
Published: June 2021

Resumen:

Para lograr una adecuada comprensión de los resultados de un estudio de investigación en salud es importante tener claros ciertos conceptos epidemiológicos y estadísticos. El objetivo de este artículo es abordar, de manera sencilla y clara, los conceptos de número necesario a tratar (NNT) y número necesario para producir daño (NNH), explicar cómo se calculan, aclarar la importancia de su interpretación y aplicación en contextos clínicos a partir de ejemplos, al igual que algunas de las limitaciones de su uso que han sido frecuentemente discutidas en la literatura.
Percepción de los profesores del departamento de morfología acerca del cambio de una modalidad presencial a una remota en el contexto de la crisis generada por la pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Gutiérrez Gómez María Lucía , Cortes Barré Michelle , Kuhlmann Lüdeke, Angelika , Guillén Olaya Javier Fabricio , Alvarado Valencia Pablo Enrique , Sánchez Zúñiga María Claudia , García Cardona Ananías , Mera Laso Carmen Alicia , González López Luis Fernando , Franco Zuluaga Jorge Andrés
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo explora la percepción de los profesores del Departamento de Morfología de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Javeriana en Bogotá, Colombia, sobre los ajustes que se requirieron en los procesos de enseñanza- aprendizaje, como consecuencia de un cambio abrupto de modelo presencial a remoto, en respuesta a las nuevas circunstancias que impuso el manejo de la pandemia Covid - 19.

Como metodología, se diseñó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal mediante la aplicación de una encuesta dirigida a los profesores del departamento. Los resultados del estudio muestran que el tiempo de adaptación de los profesores fue relativamente largo con relación a la inmediatez necesaria para asumir el cambio de modelo, lo que indica cierta dificultad para el proceso. Como problemas se señalaron ruido en las casas, dolores musculares, baja participación de los estudiantes, tiempo insuficiente para abordar temas, mayor tiempo para explicar estructuras tridimensionales, imposibilidad de disecar cadáveres, sonido entrecortado, lenta carga de archivos y falta de contacto espontáneo con los estudiantes en los tiempos entre clases. Se resaltó el uso de canales alternativos de comunicación para resolver dudas, apoyar problemas emocionales o coordinar actividades. Finalmente, los profesores valoraron como positivo la continuación del programa, enriquecido con nuevas tecnologías que llegaron para quedarse.
Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Steam-Solvent Processes in a Post-CHOPS Reservoir With Consideration of Wormhole Network
Authors: Zhao Min , Yang Shikai , Yang Daoyong
Published: June 2021

In this paper, techniques have been developed to evaluate performance of steam, solvents, and hybrid steam-solvent processes in a post-CHOPS reservoir with consideration of wormhole network. With the experimentally determined properties of injected gases and reservoir fluids, history matching is accomplished for the reservoir geological model conditioned to the fluid and sand production profiles together with pressure. Meanwhile, the wormhole network is characterized with the pressure gradient-based (PGB) sand failure criterion. Once the history matching is finished, the calibrated reservoir geological model can be used to quantify the contributions of steam, solvents, and hybrid steam-solvent processes under various conditions. The results show that huff-n-puff processes have a very good performance on oil production and recovery when wormhole network is fully generated and propagated. Among all the solvent-based methods, a pure CO2 huff-n-puff process has been proven to be more efficient than flue gas, while the addition of alkane solvents is also beneficial to oil recovery compared with CO2 only method. Since the addition of C3H8 and n-C4H10 will significantly decrease the heavy oil viscosity and enhance the swelling factor, all hybrid steam-solvent injection achieves high oil recovery by taking the advantage of both hot steam and solvents injection.
Two-step model for reduction reaction of ultrathin nickel oxide by hydrogen
Authors: Ogawa Shuichi , Taga Ryo , Yoshigoe Akitaka , Takakuwa Yuji
Published: June 2021

Nickel (Ni) is used as a catalyst for nitric oxide decomposition and ammonia production but it is easily oxidized and deactivated. Clarification of the reduction process of oxidized Ni is essential to promote more efficient use of Ni catalysts. In this study, the reduction processes of ultrathin oxide films formed on Ni(111) surfaces by thermal oxidation under vacuum and a hydrogen atmosphere were investigated by in situ time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. On the basis of these results, we propose a reaction model for the reduction of Ni oxide films. Our results show that the reduction of Ni oxide films on heating under vacuum does not yield a clean Ni(111) surface owing to formation of a residual stable suboxide structure on the Ni(111) surface. Conversely, in a hydrogen atmosphere of 1 × 10−5 Pa, the Ni oxide was completely reduced and a clean Ni(111) surface was obtained, even when heating below 300 °C. The reduction in a hydrogen atmosphere was best described by a two-step reaction model. The rate of the first step depends on the reduction temperature, and the rate of the second step depends on the H2 pressure. The rate-limiting process for the first step is surface precipitation of O atoms and that of the second step is dissociation of H2 molecules.
Complexity of vocal tract shaping in glossectomy patients and typical speakers: A principal component analysis
Authors: Hagedorn Christina , Kim Jangwon , Sinha Uttam , Goldstein Louis , Narayanan Shrikanth S.
Published: June 2021

The glossectomy procedure, involving surgical resection of cancerous lingual tissue, has long been observed to affect speech production. This study aims to quantitatively index and compare complexity of vocal tract shaping due to lingual movement in individuals who have undergone glossectomy and typical speakers using real-time magnetic resonance imaging data and Principal Component Analysis. The data reveal that (i) the type of glossectomy undergone largely predicts the patterns in vocal tract shaping observed, (ii) gross forward and backward motion of the tongue body accounts for more change in vocal tract shaping than do subtler movements of the tongue (e.g., tongue tip constrictions) in patient data, and (iii) fewer vocal tract shaping components are required to account for the patients' speech data than typical speech data, suggesting that the patient data at hand exhibit less complex vocal tract shaping in the midsagittal plane than do the data from the typical speakers observed.
A Bayesian approach for the separation of the acoustic and the correlated aerodynamic wall pressure fluctuations
Authors: Dinsenmeyer Alice , Leclère Quentin , Antoni Jérôme , Julliard Emmanuel
Published: June 2021

When performing measurements with wall-installed microphone array, the turbulent boundary layer that develops over the measuring system can induce pressure fluctuations that are much greater than those of acoustic sources. It then becomes necessary to process the data to extract each component of the measured field. For this purpose, it is proposed in this paper to decompose the measured spectral matrix into the sum of matrices associated with the acoustic and aerodynamic contributions. This decomposition exploits the statistical properties of each pressure field. On the one hand, assuming that the acoustic contribution is highly correlated over the sensors, the rank of the corresponding cross-spectral matrix is limited to a finite number. On the other hand, the correlation structure of the aerodynamic noise matrix is constrained to resemble a Corcos-like model, with physical parameters estimated within the separation procedure. This separation problem is solved by a Bayesian inference approach, which takes into account the uncertainties on each component of the model. The performance of the method is first evaluated on wind tunnel measurements and then on a particularly noisy industrial measurement setup: microphones flush-mounted on the fuselage of a large aircraft.
Feasibility and Acceptability of Home-Based Exercise Snacking and Tai Chi Snacking Delivered Remotely to Self-Isolating Older Adults During COVID-19
Authors: Liang Ian Ju , Perkin Oliver J. , McGuigan Polly M. , Thompson Dylan , Western Max J.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of remotely delivered, home-based exercise programs on physical function and well-being in self-isolating older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. In a four-arm randomized controlled trial, 63 participants (aged 65 years and older) were allocated to one of three home-based daily (2 × 10-min) exercise interventions (exercise snacking, tai chi snacking, and combination) or control (UK National Health Service Web pages). Functional assessments were conducted via video call at baseline and 4-week follow-up. A web-based survey assessed the acceptability of each exercise program and secondary psychological/well-being outcomes. Ecological momentary assessment data, collected in Weeks 1 and 4, explored feeling states as antecedents and consequences of exercise. All intervention groups saw increased physical function at follow-up and displayed good adherence with exercise snacking considered the most acceptable program. Multilevel models revealed reciprocal associations between feelings of energy and exercise engagement. Further studies are needed with larger, more diverse demographic samples.
Drug-induced phospholipidosis confounds drug repurposing for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Tummino Tia A. , Rezelj Veronica V. , Fischer Benoit , Fischer Audrey , O’Meara Matthew J. , Monel Blandine , Vallet Thomas , White Kris M. , Zhang Ziyang , Alon Assaf , Schadt Heiko , O’Donnell Henry R. , Lyu Jiankun , Rosales Romel , McGovern Briana L. , Rathnasinghe Raveen , Jangra Sonia , Schotsaert Michael , Galarneau Jean-René , Krogan Nevan J. , Urban Laszlo , Shokat Kevan M. , Kruse Andrew C. , García-Sastre Adolfo , Schwartz Olivier , Moretti Francesca , Vignuzzi Marco , Pognan Francois , Shoichet Brian K.
Published: June 2021

Screening for drugs that don’t work

In the battle against COVID-19, drugs discovered in repurposing screens are of particular interest because these could be rapidly implemented as treatments. However, Tummino
et al
. deliver a cautionary tale, finding that many leads from such screens have an antiviral effect in cells through phospholipidosis, a phospholipid storage disorder that can be induced by cationic amphiphilic drugs (see the Perspective by Edwards and Hartung). There is a strong correlation between drug-induced phospholipidosis and inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 replication in cells. Unfortunately, drugs that have an antiviral effect in cells through phospholipidosis are unlikely to be effective in vivo. Screening out such drugs may allow a focus on drugs with better clinical potential. —VV
Undiagnosed SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Authors: Kalish Heather , Klumpp-Thomas Carleen , Hunsberger Sally , Baus Holly Ann , Fay Michael P. , Siripong Nalyn , Wang Jing , Hicks Jennifer , Mehalko Jennifer , Travers Jameson , Drew Matthew , Pauly Kyle , Spathies Jacquelyn , Ngo Tran , Adusei Kenneth M. , Karkanitsa Maria , Croker Jennifer A. , Li Yan , Graubard Barry I. , Czajkowski Lindsay , Belliveau Olivia , Chairez Cheryl , Snead Kelly R. , Frank Peter , Shunmugavel Anandakumar , Han Alison , Giurgea Luca T. , Rosas Luz Angela , Bean Rachel , Athota Rani , Cervantes-Medina Adriana , Gouzoulis Monica , Heffelfinger Brittany , Valenti Shannon , Caldararo Rocco , Kolberg Michelle M. , Kelly Andrew , Simon Reid , Shafiq Saifullah , Wall Vanessa , Reed Susan , Ford Eric W. , Lokwani Ravi , Denson John-Paul , Messing Simon , Michael Sam G. , Gillette William , Kimberly Robert P. , Reis Steven E. , Hall Matthew D. , Esposito Dominic , Memoli Matthew J. , Sadtler Kaitlyn
Published: June 2021

16.8 million SARS-CoV-2 infections in the US went undiagnosed in the first 6 months of the pandemic compared to 3.5 million diagnosed infections.
Enhanced Carbapenem Resistance through Multimerization of Plasmids Carrying Carbapenemase Genes
Authors: Abe Ryuichiro , Akeda Yukihiro , Sugawara Yo , Matsumoto Yuki , Motooka Daisuke , Kawahara Ryuji , Yamamoto Norihisa , Tomono Kazunori , Iida Tetsuya , Hamada Shigeyuki
Published: June 2021

We demonstrated the multimerization of plasmids harboring carbapenemase genes, and multimeric plasmids of various discrete sizes existed in a host bacterial cell of
Escherichia coli
. Plasmid multimerization along with increased copy numbers of carbapenemase genes resulted in enhanced carbapenemase resistance, which was readily accelerated by an overnight preexposure to meropenem. This mechanism may lead to treatment failure in clinical settings after the initiation of antimicrobial therapy.
Neutralizing Antibodies Induced by First-Generation gp41-Stabilized HIV-1 Envelope Trimers and Nanoparticles
Authors: Kumar Sonu , Lin Xiaohe , Ngo Timothy , Shapero Benjamin , Sou Cindy , Allen Joel D. , Copps Jeffrey , Zhang Lei , Ozorowski Gabriel , He Linling , Crispin Max , Ward Andrew B. , Wilson Ian A. , Zhu Jiang
Published: June 2021

Self-assembling protein nanoparticles (NPs) presenting BG505 envelope (Env) trimers can elicit tier 2 HIV-1-neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses more effectively than soluble trimers. In the present study, monoclonal NAbs were isolated from previously immunized mice and rabbits for structural and functional analyses, which revealed that potent mouse NAbs recognize the C3/V4 region and small NP-elicited rabbit NAbs primarily target known glycan holes on BG505 Env.
Inhibitory Concentrations of Ciprofloxacin Induce an Adaptive Response Promoting the Intracellular Survival of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Sridhar Sushmita , Forrest Sally , Pickard Derek , Cormie Claire , Lees Emily A. , Thomson Nicholas R. , Dougan Gordon , Baker Stephen
Published: June 2021

Antimicrobial resistance is a critical concern in global health. In particular, there is rising resistance to fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin, a first-line antimicrobial for many Gram-negative pathogens.
Precision and accuracy of modal analysis methods for clastic deposits and rocks: A statistical and numerical modeling approach
Authors: Ross Pierre-Simon , Giroux Bernard , Latutrie Benjamin
Published: June 2021

Quantifying the proportions of certain components in rocks and deposits (modal analysis or componentry) is important in earth sciences. Relevant methods for cross-sections (two- dimensional exposures) of clastic rocks include point counts or line counts. The accuracy of these methods has been supposed to be good in the literature but not necessarily verified empirically. Natural materials are inappropriate for assessing accuracy because the true proportions of each component are unknown. The precision of modal analysis methods has traditionally been evaluated from statistical models (primarily the normal approximation to the binomial distribution) but again rarely verified in practice because it is also extremely difficult to obtain different slices through the same material at outcrop scale. Here we create a set of numerical models of red and blue spheres with different proportions and sizes and cut 60 slices through the models, on which we perform point counts and line counts. We show that both of these methods are indeed able to retrieve the correct volumetric proportions of components, on average, when enough fragments are counted or intersected. As already known, precision is controlled by component abundance and the number of points counted or clasts intersected. However, we show that other important factors include differences between slices, which are relevant for our unequal-size models, and the proportion of voids, matrix, and/or cement in the rock. We present empirical precision charts for clast counts and line counts based on our models and make recommendations for future field studies.