bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-pressure, halogen-bearing melt preserved in ultrahigh-temperature felsic granulites of the Central Maine Terrane, Connecticut (U.S.A.)
Authors: Ferrero Silvio , Ague Jay J. , O’Brien Patrick J. , Wunder Bernd , Remusat Laurent , Ziemann Martin A. , Axler Jennifer
Published: October 2020

Inclusions of relic high-pressure melts provide crucial information on the fate of crustal rocks in the deep roots of orogens during collision and crustal thickening, including at extreme temperature conditions exceeding 1000 °C. However, discoveries of high-pressure melt inclusions are still a relative rarity among case studies of inclusions in metamorphic minerals. Here we present the results of experimental and microchemical investigations of nanogranitoids in garnets from the felsic granulites of the Central Maine Terrane (Connecticut, U.S.A.). Their successful experimental re-homogenization at ~2 GPa confirms that they originally were trapped portions of deep melts and makes them the first direct evidence of high pressure during peak metamorphism and melting for these felsic granulites. The trapped melt has a hydrous, granitic, and peraluminous character typical of crustal melts from metapelites. This melt is higher in mafic components (FeO and MgO) than most of the nanogranitoids investigated previously, likely the result of the extreme melting temperatures—well above 1000 °C. This is the first natural evidence of the positive correlation between temperature and mafic character of the melt; a trend previously supported only by experimental evidence. Moreover, it poses a severe caveat against the common assumption that partial melts from metasediments at depth are always leucogranitic in composition.

NanoSIMS measurement on re-homogenized inclusions show significant amounts of CO2, Cl, and F. Halogen abundance in the melt is considered to be a proxy for the presence of brines (strongly saline fluids) at depth. Brines are known to shift the melting temperatures of the system toward higher values and may have been responsible for delaying melt production via biotite dehydration melting until these rocks reached extreme temperatures of more than 1000 °C, rather than 800–850 °C as commonly observed for these reactions.
Single-phase ground short circuits in the 6–10 kV mains and electrical traumas in the coal mines
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Sergei Kuzmin
Published: October 2020

Introduction. This article provides analysis of electrical traumas and single-phase ground short circuits (SPGSC) in the 6–10 kV electrical systems in the period from 1995 to 2018. It has been shown that reduction in the number of SPGSC will improve electrical safety at coal mines. Research aim is to determine the interrelation between the indicated factors based on the statistical data in the 6–10 kV mains of coal mines according to SPGSC minor and moderate electrical traumas. Methodology. Coal production, development of single-phase ground short circuit and changes in numbers of injuries in the period from 1995 to 2018 have been analyzed making it possible to vividly and qualitatively estimate the dynamics of changes in coal output, the number of SPGSC, electrical traumas and determine the interrelation between these parameters. The discovered interrelation between SPGSC and electrical traumas allows to handle the problem of improving the electrical safety more seriously by means of reducing the number of SPGSC. Results. This article shows the main reasons of single-phase ground short circuit incidence depending on time. The article shows the main ways to lower the amount of single-phase ground short circuit in the 6–10 kV electrical systems of coal mines. Summary. Significant reduction in the number of single-phase ground short circuit in the 6–10 kV electrical systems and, as a consequence, reduction of electrical traumas at coal mines can be achieved by means of effectively limiting switching overvoltage, overvoltage in the mode of single-phase ground short circuit, reaching high selectivity of protection from ground short circuit and improving the quality of electrical energy, and limiting the overloading of electrical equipment and cables.
Investigating the seismic impact made by the underground large-scale blast on the secure facilities of Kyshtym GOK when caving the floor pillar
Authors:   Institute of Mining UB RAS, Kutuev Vyacheslav
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Within the mining claim boundaries of Kyshtym GOK the underground large-scale blast was made to cave in the floor pillar with the maximum explosive weight of 963 kg at the spacing stage. The Institute of Mining UB RAS has received a task to study the seismic impact of the underground large-scale blast on the secure facilities of Kyshtym underground mine industrial site located in the close proximity to the sites of blast works. Research aim is to determine the seismic stability of grounds at the sites of the secure facilities and the permissible values of vibration velocities for Kyshtym GOK buildings. It is also necessary to determine the permissible distances from the blast to the secure facilities for 5 engineering-geological elements on the basis of physical and mechanical properties of rock. Research methodology. On the basis of the initial data, according to the method of IM UB RAS, ground seismic stability calculations have been made at the sites of the facilities to determine the permissible values of vibration velocities for Kyshtym GOK buildings. A multivariate calculation of permissible distances from the blast to the secure facilities for 5 engineering-geological elements (EGE) has also been made depending on the explosive weight at the spacing stage, the coefficient of ground conditions and the permissible velocity of seismic vibrations. Results. The actual velocities of earthquake vibrations were determined by the results of experimental measurements using Minimate Plus and URAN seismic recorders, the values of which did not exceed the permissible velocities of ground motion in the base of buildings. Summary. As a result of comparing calculated values and experimental measurements, the recommendations have been given to establish the limitation of the explosive weight at the spacing stage to the level of minimum hazardous values during the large-scale blasts in the underground mine.
Geophysical survey at the southern end of the Degtyarsky pyrite deposit
Authors:   Bulashevich Institute of Geophysics UB RAS, Davydov Vadim , Nazarov Andrei ,   Bulashevich Institute of Geophysics UB RAS
Published: October 2020

Research aim is to study features peculiar to geophysical fields over the main geological features of the southern part of the Degtyarsky pyrite deposit at the Middle Urals. Methodology. Electromagnetic survey included symmetrical electric profiling (SEP) with ERA-MAX equipment (ERA Research and Production Enterprise, St. Petersburg) and rapid audio-magnetotelluric sounding (ATMS) with OMAR-2m wideband receiver (Institute of Geophysics UB RAS, Ekaterinburg). Magnetic survey was carried out with the help of the proton procession magnetometer GSM-19T (GEM Systems, Canada), gamma field survey was carried out with a survey meter SRP-68-01 (Electron, Zhovti Vody). Results. According to the results of observational analysis, high-quality sections of electrophysical parameters of the environment were constructed at the parametric profile together with the charts of other geophysical fields. The studies have shown significant changes of resistivity and potential fields anomalies over various geological features of the ore field. Summary. Geophysical indications of border line of the main geologic features have been determined. Excessive electrical conductivity of ore control tectonic structures and radiation anomaly have been revealed in the promises of the ore body, which can serve a prospecting criterion for a similar ore body. Geophysical results are well within the existing geological data on the Degtyarsky mine.
Comparative study on concentration properties of iron deposits (Mongolia)
Authors:   Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Soiolmaa Ts. , Sugir-Erdene N. ,   Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Baasanzhav D. ,   Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Munkhtuul L. ,   Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Otgonzhargal E. ,   Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2020

Research aims to compare magnetic flotation results of iron deposits of Mongolia in order to obtain iron concentrate with low sulfur content that meets the standard of raw materials for metallurgical production. Research methodology. Representative samples were taken from Tumurtei deposit in Khuder soum (Selenge province), Tumur Tolgoi deposit (Darkhan-Uul province) and Chandmani Uul deposit (Dornogobi province). Iron grade in the primary ore from Tumurtei deposit was 42.03%, in Tumurtolgoi ore – 46.57% and in Chandmani-Uul ore–43.59%. The ore was crushed into 1 mm size through java crusher and gyratory crusher for the first stage. Dry magnetic concentration was conducted on the ore samples using Boxmag Rapid LR-1.4 Induced Magnetic Separator (the UK). The test work was conducted under the condition when the distance between gyrator of separator and rotation speed are constant and by this time magnetic strength was changed. At the next stage the concentrate of dry magnetic concentration was processed by wet magnetic separation. In order to reduce the sulfur content in the ore from Tumur tolgoi and Tumurtei deposits, flotation experiments were also conducted using UK Denver flotation machine. Ore and concentrator grade were determined using traditional titer method and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), the mineral contents was analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), elements in product of wet magnetic separator and final concentrate were analyzed using SEM-EDX, the thermal-gravy meter analysis was conducted using instrument TG/DTA7300. Results. Wet magnetic concentration of dry magnetic separation concentrates of all the studied ore allow obtaining concentrates with the high content of iron – from 64% to 66%. Flotation of the concentrate of wet magnetic concentration made it possible to reach iron content in Tumurtei and Tumurtolgoi deposits of 69.02% and 62.86% correspondingly and reduce Sulphur content to 0.2%, 0.48% correspondingly. This study covers the field of flotation technology to extract products with lower sulfur content which meet standard of modern metallurgical industry.
Performance analysis and modernization of a deflection system based on the downhole hammer
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Neskoromnykh Viacheslav , Golovchenko Anton ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: October 2020

Introduction. The method of rotary-percussion drilling with downhole hammers is widely used in mining and geological exploration and is also one of the most promising due to the high well flow rates combined with the durability and reliability of designs used in method implementation. One of the main constraints for field use is the lack of a commercially available deflection system capable of adjusting the direction of the wells with high mechanical speed without reducing the technological parameters of drilling. Research aim is to analyze the performance and modernize the designs of the deflection system based on the downhole machine from the point of view of increasing the accuracy of hole deviation change, as well as to make a dependence synthesis to determine the intensity of the hole deviation change when implementing the mechanism of rock destruction by eccentric impact pulses. Research methodology. The study is based on a set of methods of basic scientific research, in particular analysis, synthesis, formalization, abstraction. Conclusions. Dependence is given for determining the intensity of the hole deviation change depending on the impact system parameters. The working conditions of the hammer with a displaced center of gravity in the design of the deflection system are investigated, an empirical dependence is given for determining the magnitude of the orientation error, and recommendations are given for its reduction. The area of possible application of the presented technical solution is analyzed.
Development prospects of the copper industry in the Far East
Authors:   Institute of Mining FEB RAS, Arkhipov Gennadii
Published: October 2020

Research aim is to assess the prospects of using copper resources in the Far East to organize the regional base for the copper industry. Methodology. To assess the possibility or necessity of using the Far Eastern copper resources in the domestic industry, the state, production, needs and use of copper resources together with the existing projects of their development in the Far Eastern region are analyzed. Results and their analysis. In the Far East, projects are currently being implemented that require considerable use of a variety of non-ferrous metallurgy products. Metal products, materials and equipment required for the projects are imported or delivered from the western parts of Russia. Transportation significantly increases their cost. With the discovery and exploration of large copper deposits (Malmyzhskoye and Peschanka) and rich prospects of increasing the copper resource base in the far East, a number of ideas for copper industry creation and development in the region are proposed. Summary. The issue of copper industry creation in the Far East requires a multifaceted discussion, including the estimation of the general state and plans for the development of the copper industry in Russia and promising projects in the region. The region has sufficient reserves and resources of copper to create a complete technological chain of the regional copper industry, which involves the organization of copper production in the region. The potential of copper mineral resources in the region with an effective strategy for their use can contribute to the accelerated development of the Far East and become one of the factors of changing the geopolitical importance of Russia’s eastern part.
Assessment of socio-eco-economic effectiveness of circular business models in mineral production
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, Liudmila Mochalova , Olga Sokolova ,   Ural State Mining University
Published: October 2020

Introduction. According to Russian state reports on the environment, mining sector in Russia accounts for a significant amount of environmental impact. Research aim is to substantiate a methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of using environmentally friendly circular business models in mining enterprises. Research methodology includes the study, critical assessment and systematization of the methods of environmental circular activity results determination in mineral production. Research results. The effectiveness of circular business models is considered as a condition for their application. It consists of ecological, socio-ecological and eco-economic effectiveness, so it can be termed in an integrated manner as the socio-eco-economic effectiveness. Ecological and socioecological types of effectiveness are determined by the prevention, minimization or elimination of environmental and social harm. Considering that environmental and social losses, for well-known reasons, can never get a fair integrated assessment, in practice it is necessary to apply the indicators of ecological and socio-ecological damage, which do not fully reflect the amount of harm caused. The ecoeconomic effectiveness of circular business models is associated with the prevention, minimization or elimination of national economy’s (economy of the country) existing or possible losses (damage) and/or additional costs caused by human impact to the environment in the process of subsurface use. In this case, we are talking about reducing the amount of eco-economic damage. Research results application. The research makes it possible to study and systematize currently proposed methods for assessing the extent of environmentally related damage caused by mining. The methods considered are intended to be applied in assessing the ecological, socio-ecological and eco-economic effectiveness of environmentally friendly circular business models in this field.
Assessing personnel business relations in the process of innovative development at a coal mining production association
Authors:   LLC SUEK-Khakasia, Andrei Kostarev
Published: October 2020

Research relevance is due to bad agreement between staff’s ideas regarding the innovation process and some specific innovations need, content, and ways of implementation, which results in decreased effectiveness of innovative activity even if all necessary financial expenses have been covered. Research aim is to develop the methods of assessing staff business relations at a coal mining production association in order to determine the ways of improving innovation efficiency. Research methodology includes comparison, structural and functional analysis, questionnaires, and statistical analysis. Research results. Business relations between the actors involved in innovative development are considered as a set of connections between them when initiating, developing, mastering and implementing the innovations regarding production resources distribution and use and reserves identification and implementation. For their assessment, the following criteria have been justified: the staff’s focus on participation in innovative development and their coordination in the process of interaction. An assessment scale has been developed of employees’ focus on innovative development, and indicators have been proposed to quantify the balance of business relations. Summary. The application of the developed methodology for a retrospective analysis of business relations change at various stages of SUEK-Khakasia development made it possible to confirm its legitimacy, identify both positive and negative trends, and outline corrective measures.
Applying modern technologies when drilling directional wells with long horizontal boreholes
Authors:   Astrakhan State Technical University, Aleksandr Kuriachii , Sergei Kaliagin ,   Astrakhan State Technical University
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Directional drilling of wells is currently carried out by a rotary steerable system and conventional equipment including a mud motor with an adjustable skew angle. Either of the two methods has particular advantages. Research aim is to analyze the technologies provided by various service companies in the field of directional and horizontal wells drilling in order to provide means of improving the utilization capacity of the conventional bottom hole assembly in long horizontal boreholes. Methodology. When drilling directional wells with a small departure from the vertical and wells with horizontal boreholes up to 500 m long, a preference is given to a mud motor as far as a change in deviation parameters is concerned. This is due to the fact that the mud motor has a significant economic advantage. However, when drilling directional well with complex planned profile or a well with a horizontal borehole of more than 500 m, the mud motor may cause a variety of problems, while a rotary steerable system will allow to avoid some of them. Results. The rotary steerable system is not always economically feasible suggesting a need for an alternative technology with a more advantageous offer on the market of services. A system of pulsed controlled drilling will allow the adjustment of the trajectory of the wellbore when drilling in a rotary mode with conventional equipment for directional drilling, reduce rig time, and improve the borehole quality. Summary. The given technology will make it possible to improve the efficiency of conventional equipment which includes the mud motor for directional wells drilling with complex planned profile and long horizontal boreholes of more than 500 m, as soon as the technology provides the possibility of adjusting the trajectory in a rotary mode. The system of pulsed controlled drilling is developed as an alternative to the rotary steerable system making it possible to significantly reduce construction expenses for wells with complex geological conditions of drilling
Investigation of dependences of physical and mechanical properties of serpentinites of the Dzhetygarinsky deposit
Authors:   Institute of Mining UB RAS, Dmitrii Koptiakov , Timur F. Kharisov ,   Ural State Mining University, Timur Kharisov ,   Ural State Mining University
Published: October 2020

Introduction. The study of the rock stability properties and parameters is an integral part of ensuring safe subsurface use in the process of human impact on the rock mass. In order to understand the spatial variability of serpentinite rocks properties and parameters, research has been carried out, including laboratory tests with subsequent determination and analysis of laws governing the changes in their physical and mechanical properties. Research methodology. In this study, physical and mechanical properties of rocks of the Zhitikarinsky (Dzhetygarisnky) quarry were determined and analysed. The research methods included laboratory uniaxial compression-tensile tests, direct measurements of dry unit weigh, and the statistical analysis of the data obtained. Research result. According to the results of tests and statistical data processing, the values of physical and mechanical properties were obtained for ten rock types collected at the marginal area of the Zhitikarinsky quarry. The graphs show an analysis of laws governing the changes. With an increase in the degree of serpentinization, the values of strength characteristics decrease significantly. Correlations of physical and mechanical properties of serpentinite rocks of the Zhitikarinsky deposit are established.
Calculating the optimal physical size of an industrial plate recuperator
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, Ekaterinburg, Vitalii Tauger , Ivan Minin ,   Ural State Mining University, Ekaterinburg, Vitalii Adas ,   Ural State Mining University, Ekaterinburg
Published: October 2020

Introduction. The wide spread of plate heat exchangers in various fields of technology is due to the simplicity of their design and a variety of layout schemes. An area where their use is very promising is heat recovery. The effect of an air heat exchanger-recuperator consists in heating the incoming flow with the heat of the outgoing flow and is expressed in drastically reduced power consumption, which would otherwise be spent on heating. Research methodology. The object of research is a recuperator designed to heat the air entering the production room in winter. Resistance to air flow is a significant disadvantage of the plate heat exchange. The aerodynamic resistance reduces the flow rate, therefore, leads to a decrease in the flow rate of air passing through the recuperator, so the required flow rate is ensured by special fan installations. The task of designing a recuperator is to minimize the size of the flow part and prevent excessive load on the fan unit. Calculation with the use of the recuperatorТs mathematical model is applied in the research. Results. In the course of the research, a mathematical model of the recuperator has been developed, which includes a condition for limiting the pressure loss by an acceptable value. Ratios have been obtained for determining the optimal duct width between the plates, plates height, length and number. Conclusion. A simplified mathematical model has been proposed to estimate the dimensions of the flow part. The reliability of the simplified model has been confirmed by numerical calculation.
EFEITO ANTIOXIDANTE DA ILEX PARAGUARIENSIS E CONDIMENTOS NA OXIDAÇÃO LIPÍDICA DE FILÉS DE OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS
Authors: Machado Amanda A. R. , Peixoto Nilce Coelho , Hautrive Tiffany P. , Uczay Juliano , Bezerra Aline S.
Published: October 2020

Os compostos antioxidantes presentes naturalmente nas plantas têm sido alvo de pesquisas em substituição aos sintéticos como aditivos alimentícios. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial antioxidante de extrato de erva-mate, em associação com os condimentos alecrim, orégano e tomilho, em filés de tilápia submetidos à diferentes formas de preparo, frente à oxidação lipídica do pescado. Os extratos foram avaliados quanto ao percentual de redução do radical 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil e quanto aos teores de compostos fenólicos totais. A oxidação lipídica do pescado foi analisada pelo teste das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS, do inglês, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). Os resultados mostraram que o orégano foi o condimento que apresentou o maior teor de compostos fenólicos totais e a erva-mate, a maior atividade antioxidante. Com relação à análise de TBARS, a adição do mix de erva-mate com os três condimentos aos filés de tilápia in natura e submetidos aos diferentes processamentos térmicos (frito ou assado), foi verificado que apresentaram os menores valores relativos às amostras controle (sem a adição do mix), atingindo uma diminuição de, aproximadamente, dez vezes no pescado preparado assado. Quanto ao reaquecimento, foi constatado que este fator dobra a quantidade de TBARS presentes. Assim, conforme os resultados, é possível sugerir a eficácia da associação dos condimentos com a erva-mate na redução da rancidez oxidativa dos filés de tilápia submetidos aos diferentes processamentos térmicos aplicados, bem como do produto in natura.
Evaluation of recharge areas of Arusha Aquifer, Northern Tanzania: application of water isotope tracers
Authors: Lugodisha Innocent , Komakech Hans C. , Nakaya Shinji , Takada Ryogo , Yoshitani Junichi , Yasumoto Jun
Published: October 2020

In Arusha urban, northern Tanzania, groundwater contributes about 80% of the water supply. However, elevated fluoride levels and evidence of anthropogenic pollution have been reported in the groundwater around Mount Meru which is a water source for Arusha urban. This study aims at understanding the recharge areas and flow pathways of groundwater in what has been a poorly monitored area. The study uses the isotopic ratio of oxygen and hydrogen to estimate the groundwater recharge area and flow pathway. The results show the recharge elevation of groundwater is between 1,800 and 3,500 m above mean sea level on the slopes of Mount Meru. The average fluoride contents in the study area are 5.3 ± 0.4 mg/L greater than the limits of 1.5 mg/L set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Tanzania. The nitrate concentration of 83.9 mg/L at the lower elevation areas (<1,400 m above mean sea level) exceeds the 50 mg/L WHO limit. The relationship of F− with δ18O and NO3− suggests the leaching of fluoride in high altitudes and dilution in lower altitudes.
Simulating glacier mass balance in the cross-border Poiqu/Bhotekoshi Basin, China and Nepal
Authors: Kong Bo , Yu Huan , Deng Wei , Wang Qing
Published: October 2020

To assess the change of glacier mass balance (GMB) in the Poiqu/Bhotekoshi basin in the context of global warming, this study applied a conceptual Hydrologiska Bryans Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) hydrological model to quantify the GMB in the area. The HBV model was trained and validated based on in-situ hydro meteorological data from 10 weather stations in the basin. The dataset, which consists of the daily observations for both rainfall and air temperature, was partitioned into two decades, 1988–1998 and 1999–2008 for calibration and validation, respectively. The calibrated model was adopted to restore the daily runoff depth and then estimate the annual changes of GMB in Poiqu/Bhotekoshi basin over the period of 1988–2008. Results show that the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (Reff) of the daily runoff depth simulation after the runoff calibration process was above 0.802. Therefore, the simulated values of the HBV model are reliable and can be used to estimate the GMB of Himalayan cross-border glacial mountain basins with huge elevation difference, and provide scientific data support for water resources management. Furthermore, the result demonstrated a slow year-by-year rise of snow water equivalent because of global warming, and it highly correlates with the soil moisture, the spring temperature and the summer precipitation.
Machine learning techniques in river water quality modelling: a research travelogue
Authors: Khullar Sakshi , Singh Nanhey
Published: October 2020

Water is a prime necessity for the survival and sustenance of all living beings. Over the past few years, the water quality of rivers has been adversely affected due to harmful wastes and pollutants. This ever-increasing water pollution is a matter of great concern as it is deteriorating the water quality, making it unfit for any type of use. Contaminated water resources can cause serious effects on humans as well as aquatic life. Hence, water quality monitoring of reservoirs is essential. Recently, water quality modelling using AI techniques has generated a lot of interest and it can be very beneficial in ecological and water resources management. This paper presents the state-of-the-art application of machine learning techniques in forecasting river water quality. It highlights the different key techniques, advantages, disadvantages, and applications with respect to monitoring the river water quality. The review also intends to find the existing challenges and opportunities for future research.
Türkçenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğretiminde İletişimsel Becerilerin Geliştirilmesi Durumunun İncelenmesi
Authors: GÖÇER Ali , KARADAĞ Bilal Ferhat
Published: October 2020

İletişimsel beceriler bireylerin günlük hayatta kendilerini etkili bir şekilde ifade etmelerini sağlayan unsurlar olarak görülmektedir. Bu beceriler vasıtasıyla kişiler isteklerini ve hedeflerini dile getirebilmekte, ayrıca çeşitli faktörleri kavrayabilip zihninde kodlayabilmektedir. Aynı durum ana dilinde olduğu gibi yabancı dil öğreniminde de geçerlidir. Bireyler öğrenmek istedikleri hedef dilde kendilerini ifade edebilmek için iletişimsel becerilerinden faydalanmaktadırlar. Bundan dolayı da bu çalışmanın amacı, iletişimsel beceriler başlığı altında değerlendirilen konuşma ve dinleme becerilerinin, Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretimi sürecinde nasıl ele alındığı, becerileri geliştirebilmek için ne tür etkinlikler yapıldığı ve bu becerilerin geliştirilmesinin hangi seviyede olduğunu belirleyebilmektir. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemi çerçevesinde değerlendirilen fenomenolojik desen vasıtasıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma grubunu beş öğretici ve on öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri standartlaştırılmış açık uçlu görüşme formu ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmış; bu veriler içerik analiziyle çözümlenmiştir. Yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda iletişimsel becerilerin ayrı ayrı ele alındığı, bu becerilerin geliştirilmesinin istenilen düzeyde olmadığı ve becerilerin geliştirilmesi noktasında çeşitli eksikliklerin olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuçlardan hareketle iletişimsel becerilerin geliştirilmesi için daha hayata yakın etkinliklerden faydalanılması gerektiği ve bireylere özgün görevler verilerek grup etkinlikleri şeklinde gerçek deneyimler yaşamaları gerektiği önerilerinde bulunulmuştur.
Cohesión social transnacional y migración en Guanajuato. Construyendo una perspectiva desde el Sur
Authors: Vila Freyer Ana
Published: October 2020

¿Cómo afectan los grupos migrantes la cohesión social, los valores comunitarios y el desarrollo de sus comunidades de origen? Para responder estas preguntas se aplicó una encuesta exploratoria a 658 personas, 21% de las cuales eran personas migrantes retornadas y/o sus familias. El objetivo fue identificar los recursos movilizados por los migrantes durante su trayectoria migratoria con base en las cinco dimensiones que según Jane Jenson componen la cohesión social. Este trabajo tuvo dos hallazgos: los grupos migrantes han sostenido sus valores y compromisos comunitarios sobre una estructura de vínculos sociales apoyada en relaciones familiares y de amistad, así como en un bajo reconocimiento a las instituciones políticas nacionales y subnacionales. La evidencia sugiere, además, que algunos elementos de participación comunitaria que constituyen esta estructura de vínculos se manifiestan de manera simultánea en espacios geográficos múltiples. Esto reforzaría un sentido de pertenencias múltiples y crearía una noción de cohesión social transnacional y una agenda de investigación que lo verifique.
Engineering “Antimicrobial Peptides” and Other Peptides to Modulate Protein-Protein Interactions in Cancer
Authors: Rubin Samuel J.S. , Qvit Nir
Published: October 2020

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of peptides found across a wide array of organisms
that play key roles in host defense. AMPs induce selective death in target cells and orchestrate specific or
nonspecific immune responses. Many AMPs exhibit native anticancer activity in addition to antibacterial
activity, and others have been engineered as antineoplastic agents. We discuss the use of AMPs in the detection
and treatment of cancer as well as mechanisms of AMP-induced cell death. We present key examples
of cathelicidins and transferrins, which are major AMP families. Further, we discuss the critical roles
of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in cancer and how AMPs are well-suited to target PPIs based on
their unique drug-like properties not exhibited by small molecules or antibodies. While peptides, including
AMPs, can have limited stability and bioavailability, these issues can be overcome by peptide backbone
modification or cyclization (e.g., stapling) and by the use of delivery systems such as cellpenetrating
peptides (CPPs), respectively. We discuss approaches for optimizing drug properties of peptide
and peptidomimetic leads (modified peptides), providing examples of promising techniques that may
be applied to AMPs. These molecules represent an exciting resource as anticancer agents with unique
therapeutic advantages that can target challenging mechanisms involving PPIs. Indeed, AMPs are suitable
drug leads for further development of cancer therapeutics, and many studies to this end are underway.
Preparation, Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Potential of Boldine-phospholipid Complex
Authors: Singh Arun Kumar , Singh Anita
Published: October 2020

Background:

Boldine, is an aporphine alkaloid that possesses potent antioxidant activity.
Despite having enormous potential, the clinical application of boldine was restricted because of its
poor bioavailability attributed to its poor aqueous solubility and rapid clearance from the body. The
drug phospholipid complexation techniques were frequently employed to overcome the limitation of
low bioavailability of phytoconstituents/herbal extract.

Objective:

The boldine phospholipid complex (BOL-PC) formulation was developed for enhancing
antioxidant potential of boldine by preparing its phospholipid complex.

Methods:

Boldine loaded phospholipid (BOL-PC) complex was prepared by refluxing followed by
solvent evaporation method and subjected to various physicochemical and spectral analysis. Further,
the in-vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging method.

Results:

The formation of the complex was confirmed by 1H NMR and thermal analysis. SEM and PXRD revealed partial
amorphization of drug in complex formed. The BOL-PC dissolution rate and solubility was significantly improved
compared to the parent compound. The maximum % yield and % EE was found to be 95.92± 0.01732 and 95.89±0.3502
respectively in the optimized formulation (F3) which exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant property.

Conclusion:

It was concluded from the study that the phospholipid complexation of boldine has better
antioxidant potential and improved the solubility, dissolution profile which may facilitate its oral absorption
and enhances its chances for clinical application.
Recent Advancements in Nanotechnology for Oral Cancer: a Review
Authors: Talele Dipali R. , Patel Deepa H.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Oral cancer is the life threatening disease causing mortality. The majority of
chemotherapeutic anticancer agents are toxic to healthy tissues, have poor bioavailability and affect
the quality of life of the patients.

Objective:

The main challenge in the treatment of oral cancer is the effective and safe delivery of
chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs. This present review deals with the recent advancement in the nanotechnologies
and its probable applications in the oral cancer treatment.

Methods:

This review includes a gist of suitable literature.

Results:

Nanotechnology brings novel methodologies or modifications in current anticancer therapies
to improve individual wellbeing and survival.

Conclusion:

Nanotechnology put forward the potential of increasing the efficacy of the therapy and targeted drug
delivery, which in turn increase drug absorption and bioavailability at the site of tumour. Different nanocarriers include
liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, combinational (polymeric- inorganic) nanoparticles,
magnetic nanoparticles, nanolipids, hydrogels, dendrimers and polymeric micelles. This review confers development of
new drug delivery approaches for effective therapeutic outcomes and abating the toxicity to healthy tissues.
Migration of a Meniscal Repair Implant Mimicking Meniscal Injury
Authors: Mine Takatomo , Ihara Koichiro , Kawamura Hiroyuki , Shinohara Michio , Kuriyama Ryutaro , Tominaga Yasuhiro
Published: October 2020

Complications after arthroscopic meniscal suture repair have been reported. Migration of a meniscal repair implant mimicking meniscal injury is rare. A 28-year-old female had undergone Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction at another hospital 12 years ago . The remaining instability after ACL reconstruction resulted in medial meniscal damage, wear and narrowing in the posterior third. The H-fix that was used in the meniscal repair became detached, exposing the inside of the knee joint. Meniscal repair is a successful procedure in conjunction with ACL reconstruction. However, when knee instability after ACL reconstruction remains, the choice of meniscal repair implants may lead to potential complications even after long-term clinical follow-up.
Evaluation of Enantioselective Capillary Electrophoretic Approach for the Enantiomeric Separation of Abscisic Acid
Authors: Binti Zaid Atiqah , Saravanan Udhayasurya N. , Ching Ng Woen , Saad Bahruddin , Wong Yong Foo
Published: October 2020

Background:

The application of enantioselective capillary electrophoresis approach for
the assessment of the enantiomeric purity of chiral molecules is receiving increased attention. Abscisic
acid is one of the chiral sesquiterpenic plant growth regulators that regulate various ecological
and physiological roles in higher plants. Enantiomeric determination of ABA is of great concern because
of the different biological activity of its enantiomers.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, we investigated the enantioseparation selectivity of ABA by
incorporating native β-cyclodextrins (β-CD) and its derivatives as chiral modifiers in the background
electrolyte of an enantioselective capillary zone electrophoresis system. Electrophoretic aspects
that affect the enantiomeric separation, such as pH, types of β-CD and its concentration, applied
voltage, injection pressure and time, were studied and optimised.

Results and Discussions:

An enhancement in enantioseparation was achieved in a bare fused-silica
capillary (64.5 cm × 50 mm i.d.) using a background electrolyte solution consisting of (2-hydroxypropyl)-
β-CD (80 mM) solubilised in 100 mM phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 5.9 with NaOH,
operated under normal polarity mode (25 kV) at 25°C, and using hydrodynamic injection (75 mbar
for 10s). Relative standard deviations of (intra- and inter-day) ≤ 3.23% and ≤ 1.39% for migration
times and enantiomeric fractions (EF) were achieved using the proposed method.

Conclusion:

The proposed chiral capillary electrophoretic method offers advantages in terms of
enantioselectivity and analysis times, which can serve as a reliable platform for the stereoisomeric
analysis of ABA.
The Holomorphic Hörmander Functional Calculus
Authors: Pannasch Florian
Published: October 2020

TThe topic of this thesis is functional calculus in connection with abstract multiplier theorems. In 1960, Hörmander showed how the uniform boundedness of
certain integral means of a function m in L ∞ (R^d) and its weak derivatives imply that m yields a bounded Lp -Fourier multiplier. Nowadays, this is known as
the Hörmander multiplier theorem, sometimes Hörmander--Mikhlin multiplier theorem. A noteworthy detail is that a radial function m(|x|) satisfies Hörmander's
condition if and only if m (|x|²) does. Hence, Hörmander's theorem is also a result on the functional calculus of the negative Laplacian -Δ. Hörmander's result
has inspired a lot of research, and authors have also proven similar results for other operators such as certain Schrödinger operators, Sublaplacians on Lie groups,
and later certain differential operators on spaces of homogeneous type. For us, the work of Kriegler and Weis is of particular interest. Starting with the PhD thesis
of Kriegler in 2009, they showed how abstract multiplier theorems can be proven in a more general context. Namely, considering a certain class of 0-sectorial
and 0-strip type operators on a general Banach space, one can construct an abstract Hörmander functional calculus based on the classical holomorphic calculus.
Then, by using probalistic techniques from Banach space geometry involving so-called R-boundedness one can derive multiplier results in this generalized setting.
In 2001, García-Cuerva, Mauceri, Meda, Sjögren, and Torrea proved an abstract multiplier theorem for generators of symmetric contraction semigroups, where a bounded Hörmander
calculus is inferred from growth conditions on the imaginary powers of the generator. As the considered operators need not be 0-sectorial, this result is not covered by
the methods of Kriegler and Weis. However, the result is based on Meda's earlier work, where he derived a bounded Hörmander if the given imaginary powers only grow polynomially fast.
In this case, the operator is 0-sectorial, and Kriegler and Weis were able to recover the result while improving the order of the calculus. In this thesis,
we introduce a generalized class of Hörmander functions defined on strips and sectors. Based on this and the classical holomorphic calculus, we construct a
holomorphic Hörmander calculus for a class of operators which may also have strip type or angle of sectoriality greater than zero.
The main result is a generalization of the multiplier theorem of García-Cuerva et al. to Banach spaces of finite cotype and Banach spaces with Pisier's property (α),
where we retain and even improve the order given by Kriegler and Weis for the 0-sectorial case.
Dänische L2-Aussprache von Lernern mit Deutsch als Ausgangssprache : Fehler und Fehlerschwere
Authors: Tulaja Lisa
Published: October 2020

The thesis examines typical errors in the pronunciation of German second language (L2) Danish learners and their evaluation by native Danish speakers.
The first part of the thesis investigates into typical errors in empirical L2 speech data based on a contrastive analysis of the German and Danish sound systems.
In the second part of the thesis, the typical pronunciation errors are analyzed in terms of their different error gravity. Danish native speakers rated different errors
in the dimensions comprehensibility, accentedness and acceptability. In the summary, the findings of both studies are discussed with regard to their relevance for Danish
language teaching in schools
Myofunctional Therapy App for Severe Apnea–Hypopnea Sleep Obstructive Syndrome: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: O'Connor-Reina Carlos , Ignacio Garcia Jose Maria , Rodriguez Ruiz Elisa , Morillo Dominguez Maria Del Carmen , Ignacio Barrios Victoria , Baptista Jardin Peter , Casado Morente Juan Carlos , Garcia Iriarte Maria Teresa , Plaza Guillermo
Published: October 2020

Background

Myofunctional therapy has demonstrated efficacy in treating sleep-disordered breathing. We assessed the clinical use of a new mobile health (mHealth) app that uses a smartphone to teach patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) to perform oropharyngeal exercises.

Objective

We conducted a pilot randomized trial to evaluate the effects of the app in patients with severe OSAHS.

Methods

Forty patients with severe OSAHS (apnea–hypoxia index [AHI]>30) were enrolled prospectively and randomized into an intervention group that used the app for 90 sessions or a control group. Anthropometric measures, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (0-24), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (0-21), Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) scores, and oxygen desaturation index were measured before and after the intervention.

Results

After the intervention, 28 patients remained. No significant changes were observed in the control group; however, the intervention group showed significant improvements in most metrics. AHI decreased by 53.4% from 44.7 (range 33.8-55.6) to 20.88 (14.02-27.7) events/hour (P<.001). The oxygen desaturation index decreased by 46.5% from 36.31 (27.19-43.43) to 19.4 (12.9-25.98) events/hour (P=.003). The IOPI maximum tongue score increased from 39.83 (35.32-45.2) to 59.06 (54.74-64.00) kPa (P<.001), and the IOPI maximum lip score increased from 27.89 (24.16-32.47) to 44.11 (39.5-48.8) kPa (P<.001). The AHI correlated significantly with IOPI tongue and lip improvements (Pearson correlation coefficient −0.56 and −0.46, respectively; both P<.001). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale score decreased from 10.33 (8.71-12.24) to 5.37 (3.45-7.28) in the app group (P<.001), but the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index did not change significantly.

Conclusions

Orofacial exercises performed using an mHealth app reduced OSAHS severity and symptoms, and represent a promising treatment for OSAHS.

Trial Registration

Spanish Registry of Clinical Studies AWGAPN-2019-01, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04438785; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04438785