bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of proportions and prognostic impact of pathological complete response between evaluations of representative specimen and total specimen in primary breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: an ancillary study of JCOG0306
Authors: Shien Tadahiko , Tsuda Hitoshi , Sasaki Keita , Mizusawa Junki , Akiyama Futoshi , Kurosumi Masafumi , Sawaki Masataka , Tamura Nobuko , Tanaka Kiyo , Kogawa Takahiro , Takahashi Mina , Hayashi Naoki , Mukai Hirofumi , Masuda Norikazu , Hara Fumikata , Iwata Hiroji
Published: June 2024

Background

In JCOG0306 trial, a phase II study to examine the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy (NAC-RT) to primary breast cancer, pathological complete response (pCR) was evaluated from specimens of the representative cross-section including the tumor center that had been accurately marked [representative specimen (RS) method]. In this ancillary study, we examined if the RS method was comparable to the conventional total specimen (TS) method, which is widely employed in Japan, to identify the pCR group showing excellent prognosis.

Methods

We obtained long-term follow-up data of 103 patients enrolled in JCOG0306 trial. As histological therapeutic effect, pCR (ypT0 and ypT0/is) and quasi-pCR [QpCR, ypT0/is plus Grade 2b (only a few remaining invasive cancer cells)] were evaluated with RS and TS methods. Concordance of pCR between these two methods and associations of the pCR with prognosis were examined.

Results

ypT0, ypT0/is, and QpCR were observed in 28 (27.2%), 39 (37.9%), and 45 (43.7%) patients with RS method, whereas these were 20 (19.4%), 25 (24.3%) and 40 (38.9%) with TS method, respectively. Between RS and TS methods, concordance proportions of ypT0 and ypTis were 92.2% and 86.4%, respectively. Risk of recurrence of ypT0/is group was lower than that of non-ypT0/is group (HR 0.408, 95% CI [0.175–0.946], P = 0.037) and risk of death of ypT0/is group was lower than that of non-ypT0/is group (HR 0.251, 95% CI [0.073–0.857], P = 0.027). The ypT0 and ypT0/is groups with RS method showed excellent prognosis similarly with those with TS method, and RS method was able to differentiate the OS and RFS between pCR and non-pCR than TS method significantly even if pCR was classified ypT0 or ypT0/is. With TS method, QpCR criteria stratified patients into the better and worse prognosis groupsmore clearly than pCR criteria of ypT0 or ypT0/is.

Conclusions

RS method was comparable to TS method for the evaluation of pCR in the patients who received NAC-RT to primary breast cancer provided the tumor center was accurately marked. As pCR criteria with RS method, ypT0/is appeared more appropriate than ypT0.
A Systematic Review and Comprehensive Discussion of Social Validity Measurement in Behavioural Intervention for Paediatric Feeding Disorders
Authors: Taylor Tessa , Phipps Laura E. , Peterson Kathryn M. , Taylor Sarah Ann
Published: June 2024

Background

Social validity in the field of applied behaviour analysis is the measurement of the social significance of goals, the social appropriateness of procedures, and the social importance of the effects of a treatment. There is a paucity of rigorous research on social validity measurement as it relates to feeding treatment.

Objective

To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review aiming to identify the gaps in and assess the current state of the science regarding comprehensive social validity measurement of paediatric feeding treatment.

Method

We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines using four ProQuest databases.

Results

The systematic review resulted in the identification of 26 eligible articles reporting findings related to social validity post-intensive treatment or describing new measurement systems that could be used to assess social validity more comprehensively. Collectively, caregivers rated behaviour-analytic treatments high in social validity and treatments were highly effective. Caregivers reported increased broader quality of life and lasting positive impacts, decreased stress, and lack of negative effects.

Conclusion

In the context of these results, we discuss behaviour-analytic feeding treatment within social validity’s comprehensive definition. We identify additional data-based research needs in this area and provide recommendations to spur new investigations. Social validity measurement requires refinement to further inform the standard of care. Paediatric feeding expertise and competency are crucial in navigating social validity considerations. Accurate dissemination is needed to increase earlier access to effective feeding treatment for families and specialised training for professionals to promote data-based and individualised decision-making in this vital area.
Advanced cost-aware Max–Min workflow tasks allocation and scheduling in cloud computing systems
Authors: Raeisi-Varzaneh Mostafa , Dakkak Omar , Fazea Yousef , Kaosar Mohammed Golam
Published: June 2024

Cloud computing has emerged as an efficient distribution platform in modern distributed computing offering scalability and flexibility. Task scheduling is considered as one of the main crucial aspects of cloud computing. The primary purpose of the task scheduling mechanism is to reduce the cost and makespan and determine which virtual machine (VM) needs to be selected to execute the task. It is widely acknowledged as a nondeterministic polynomial-time complete problem, necessitating the development of an efficient solution. This paper presents an innovative approach to task scheduling and allocation within cloud computing systems. Our focus lies on improving both the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of task execution, with a specific emphasis on optimizing makespan and resource utilization. This is achieved through the introduction of an Advanced Max–Min Algorithm, which builds upon traditional methodologies to significantly enhance performance metrics such as makespan, waiting time, and resource utilization. The selection of the Max–Min algorithm is rooted in its ability to strike a balance between task execution time and resource utilization, making it a suitable candidate for addressing the challenges of cloud task scheduling. Furthermore, a key contribution of this work is the integration of a cost-aware algorithm into the scheduling framework. This algorithm enables the effective management of task execution costs, ensuring alignment with user requirements while operating within the constraints of cloud service providers. The proposed method adjusts task allocation based on cost considerations dynamically. Additionally, the presented approach enhances the overall economic efficiency of cloud computing deployments. The findings demonstrate that the proposed Advanced Max–Min Algorithm outperforms the traditional Max–Min, Min–Min, and SJF algorithms with respect to makespan, waiting time, and resource utilization.
Affine vector space partitions and spreads of quadrics
Authors: Gupta Somi , Pavese Francesco
Published: June 2024

An affine spread is a set of subspaces of $$\textrm{AG}(n, q)$$

AG
(
n
,
q
)

of the same dimension that partitions the points of $$\textrm{AG}(n, q)$$

AG
(
n
,
q
)

. Equivalently, an affine spread is a set of projective subspaces of $$\textrm{PG}(n, q)$$

PG
(
n
,
q
)

of the same dimension which partitions the points of $$\textrm{PG}(n, q) \setminus H_{\infty }$$

PG

(
n
,
q
)

\

H
∞

; here $$H_{\infty }$$

H
∞

denotes the hyperplane at infinity of the projective closure of $$\textrm{AG}(n, q)$$

AG
(
n
,
q
)

. Let $$\mathcal {Q}$$
Q
be a non-degenerate quadric of $$H_\infty $$

H
∞

and let $$\Pi $$
Π
be a generator of $$\mathcal {Q}$$
Q
, where $$\Pi $$
Π
is a t-dimensional projective subspace. An affine spread $$\mathcal {P}$$
P
consisting of $$(t+1)$$

(
t
+
1
)

-dimensional projective subspaces of $$\textrm{PG}(n, q)$$

PG
(
n
,
q
)

is called hyperbolic, parabolic or elliptic (according as $$\mathcal {Q}$$
Q
is hyperbolic, parabolic or elliptic) if the following hold:

Each member of $$\mathcal {P}$$
P
meets $$H_\infty $$

H
∞

in a distinct generator of $$\mathcal {Q}$$
Q
disjoint from $$\Pi $$
Π
;

Elements of $$\mathcal {P}$$
P
have at most one point in common;

If $$S, T \in \mathcal {P}$$

S
,
T
∈
P

, $$|S \cap T| = 1$$

|
S
∩
T
|
=
1

, then $$\langle S, T \rangle \cap \mathcal {Q}$$

⟨
S
,
T
⟩
∩
Q

is a hyperbolic quadric of $$\mathcal {Q}$$
Q
.

In this note it is shown that a hyperbolic, parabolic or elliptic affine spread of $$\textrm{PG}(n, q)$$

PG
(
n
,
q
)

is equivalent to a spread of $$\mathcal {Q}^+(n+1, q)$$

Q

+

(
n
+
1
,
q
)

, $$\mathcal {Q}(n+1, q)$$

Q
(
n
+
1
,
q
)

or $$\mathcal {Q}^-(n+1, q)$$

Q

-

(
n
+
1
,
q
)

, respectively.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Constructions for t-designs and s-resolvable t-designs
Authors: Trung Tran van
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the present paper is to introduce recursive methods for constructing simple t-designs, s-resolvable t-designs, and large sets of t-designs. The results turn out to be very effective for finding these objects. In particular, they reveal a fundamental property of the considered designs. Consequently, many new infinite series of simple t-designs, t-designs with s-resolutions and large sets of t-designs can be derived from the new constructions. For example, by starting with an important result of Teirlinck stating that for every natural number t and for all $$N > 1$$

N
>
1

there is a large set $$LS[N](t, t+1, t+N\cdot \ell (t))$$

L
S
[
N
]
(
t
,
t
+
1
,
t
+
N
·
ℓ
(
t
)
)

, where $$\ell (t)=\prod _{i=1}^t \lambda (i)\cdot \lambda ^*(i)$$

ℓ

(
t
)

=

∏

i
=
1

t

λ

(
i
)

·

λ
∗

(
i
)

, $$\lambda (t)=\mathop {\textrm{lcm}}(\left( {\begin{array}{c}t\\ m\end{array}}\right) \,\vert \, m=1,2,\ldots , t)$$

λ

(
t
)

=
lcm

(

t

m

|

m
=
1
,
2
,
…
,
t
)

and $$\lambda ^*(t)=\mathop {\textrm{lcm}}(1,2, \ldots , t+1)$$

λ
∗

(
t
)

=
lcm

(
1
,
2
,
…
,
t
+
1
)

, we obtain the following statement. If $$(t+2)$$

(
t
+
2
)

is composite, then there is a large set $$LS[N](t, t+2, t+1+N\cdot \ell (t))$$

L
S
[
N
]
(
t
,
t
+
2
,
t
+
1
+
N
·
ℓ
(
t
)
)

for all $$N > 1$$

N
>
1

. If $$(t+2)$$

(
t
+
2
)

is prime, then there is an $$LS[N](t, t+2, t+1+N\cdot \ell (t))$$

L
S
[
N
]
(
t
,
t
+
2
,
t
+
1
+
N
·
ℓ
(
t
)
)

for any N with $$\gcd (t+2,N)=1$$

gcd
(
t
+
2
,
N
)
=
1

.
Breaking Barriers: Utilizing a STEM Equity Framework for Analyzing Primary Picture Books
Authors: Cardullo Victoria , Burton Megan
Published: June 2024

This article explores integrating a STEM equity framework in analyzing primary picture books, focusing on providing equitable access to high-quality STEM learning experiences for all students. It delves into the multifaceted nature of STEM literacy, emphasizing critical thinking, problem-solving, utility, applicability, empathy, STEM dispositions, identity development, and empowerment. The article explicitly addresses the historical exclusion of minoritized students from STEM learning and careers and proposes an Equity-Oriented STEM Literacy Framework. The study examines the criteria for selecting children’s picture books published between 2011 and 2021 that contribute to early STEM literacy and representation. The overarching goal is to promote inclusivity, diversity, and equity in STEM education, fostering a dynamic and accessible learning environment for all students.
Applications of mathematical modelling for assessing microplastic transport and fate in water environments: a comparative review
Authors: Moodley Tyrone , Abunama Taher , Kumari Sheena , Amoah Dennis , Seyam Mohammed
Published: June 2024

Microplastics in the environment are considered complex pollutants as they are chemical and corrosive-resistant, non-biodegradable and ubiquitous. These microplastics may act as vectors for the dissemination of other pollutants and the transmission of microorganisms into the water environment. The currently available literature reviews focus on analysing the occurrence, environmental effects and methods of microplastic detection, however lacking a wide-scale systematic review and classification of the mathematical microplastic modelling applications. Thus, the current review provides a global overview of the modelling methodologies used for microplastic transport and fate in water environments. This review consolidates, classifies and analyses the methods, model inputs and results of 61 microplastic modelling studies in the last decade (2012–2022). It thoroughly discusses their strengths, weaknesses and common gaps in their modelling framework. Five main modelling types were classified as follows: hydrodynamic, process-based, statistical, mass-balance and machine learning models. Further, categorisations based on the water environments, location and published year of these applications were also adopted. It is concluded that addressed modelling types resulted in relatively reliable outcomes, yet each modelling framework has its strengths and weaknesses. However, common issues were found such as inputs being unrealistically assumed, especially biological processes, and the lack of sufficient field data for model calibration and validation. For future research, it is recommended to incorporate macroplastics’ degradation rates, particles of different shapes and sizes and vertical mixing due to biofouling and turbulent conditions and also more experimental data to obtain precise model inputs and standardised sampling methods for surface and column waters.
The relationship between equol production status and normal tension glaucoma
Authors: Himori Noriko , Uchida Keiko , Ninomiya Takahiro , Nagai Masashi , Sato Kota , Tsuda Satoru , Omodaka Kazuko , Nakazawa Toru
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Equol is metabolized by intestinal bacteria from soy isoflavones and is chemically similar to estrogen. Dietary habits, such as consumption of soy products, influence equol production. A relationship between glaucoma and estrogen has been identified; here, we investigated the relationship between equol production status and glaucoma in Japan.

Methods

We recruited 68 normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients (male to female ratio 26:42, average age 63.0 ± 7.6 years) and 31 controls (male to female ratio 13:18, average age 66.0 ± 6.3 years) from our hospital. All women included were postmenopausal. Urinary equol concentration was quantified with the ELISA method. MD was calculated based on the Humphrey visual field. The association between MD and equol was analyzed with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the equol-producing (> 1 μM) and non-producing (< 1 μM) subjects. We also investigated the association between equol and glaucoma with a logistic regression analysis.

Results

There was a significant association between equol and MD (r = 0.36, P < 0.01) in the NTG patients. Glaucoma, represented by MD, was significantly milder in the equol-producing subjects than the non-equol producing subjects (P = 0.03). A multivariate analysis revealed the independent contributions of equol, cpRNFLT, and IOP to MD (P = 0.03, P = 0.04, and P < 0.01, respectively).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that equol, acting through estrogen receptor-mediated neuroprotective effects, might be involved in suppressing the progression of NTG. This result also adds to evidence that glaucoma may be influenced by lifestyle.
Family Size and Food Consumption: Exploring Economies of Scale with Panel Data
Authors: Casado José M. , Giménez-Nadal José Ignacio , Labeaga José M. , Molina José Alberto
Published: June 2024

We analyze the effects of family size on food consumption. Specifically, we explore the economies of scale that emerge in families, taking advantage of a very rich panel data for Spanish consumers. We hypothesize that family public goods induce economies of scale in consumption and, consequently, larger families should have higher per capita consumption of private goods, such as food. To that end, we estimate the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System to derive own-price and income elasticities, which allows us to test the economies of scale conditions on food consumption. Our results show that the positive relationship between per capita food expenditure and family size holds in only 585 observations, with these families being characterized as having per capita income in the two highest centiles of the distribution. Our results should be interpreted in the context of the particular economic crises of the 1970s and 1980s, as a consequence of the economic shocks due to very high oil prices that affected Spain.
Assessment of bone tissue cytoarchitectonics by 2D 1H NMR relaxometry maps
Authors: Orban Emese , Pap Zsuzsanna , Sipos Remus Sebastian , Fechete Radu
Published: June 2024

Bone is a complex tissue that fulfills the role of a resistance structure. This quality is most commonly assessed by bone densitometry, but bone strength may not only be related to bone mineral density but also to the preservation of bone cytoarchitectonics. The study included two groups of rats, ovariectomized and non-ovariectomized. Each group was divided into three batches: control, simvastatin-treated, and fenofibrate-treated. In the ovariectomized group, hypolipidemic treatment was instituted at 12 weeks post ovariectomy. One rat from each of the 6 batches was sacrificed 8 weeks after the start of treatment in the group. The experimental study was performed using a Bruker Minispec mq 20 spectrometer operating at a frequency of 20 MHz, subsequently also performed by 1H T2-T2 molecular exchange maps. The results were represented by T2-T2 molecular exchange maps that showed, comparatively, both pore size and their interconnectivity at the level of the femoral epiphysis, being able to evaluate both the effect of estrogen on bone tissue biology and the effect of the lipid-lowering medication, simvastatin, and fenofibrate, in both the presence and absence of estrogen. T2-T2 molecular exchange maps showed that the absence of estrogen results in an increase in bone tissue pore size and interconnectivity. In the presence of estrogen, lipid-lowering medication, both simvastatin and fenofibrate alter bone tissue cytoarchitectonics by reducing pore interconnectivity. In the absence of estrogen, fenofibrate improves bone tissue cytoarchitectonics, the T2-T2 molecular exchange map being similar to that of non-osteoporotic bone tissue.
One-pot synthesis, characterization and antiviral properties of new benzenesulfonamide-based spirothiazolidinones
Authors: Apaydın Çağla Begüm , Naesens Lieve , Cihan-Üstündağ Gökçe
Published: June 2024

A novel series of benzenesulfonamide substituted spirothiazolidinone derivatives (3a–j) were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their antiviral activity. The spirocyclic compounds were prepared by the condensation of 4-(aminosulfonyl)-2-methoxybenzohydrazide, appropriate cyclic ketones and 2-mercaptopropionic acid in a one-pot reaction. The structures of the new compounds were established by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR (APT), and elemental analysis. The new compounds were evaluated in vitro antiviral activity against influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B viruses, as well as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and yellow fever virus (YFV). Two derivatives bearing propyl (3d) and tert-butyl (3e) substituents at position 8 of the spiro ring exhibited activity against influenza A/H1N1 virus with EC50 values in the range of 35–45 µM and no cytotoxicity at 100 μM, the highest concentration tested.
Productivity of hybrid sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana x styraciflua) plantations compared to native sweetgum (L. Styraciflua) in the Western Gulf Region of south-central U.S.
Authors: Lewis Jacob , Will Rodney , Zhai Lu , Murray Bryan , Blazier Michael , Joshi Omkar
Published: June 2024

Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) is an excellent short-rotation woody crop species for producing hardwood pulp and biofuel feedstock on marginal sites. A recent development which may improve growth is the production of hybrid sweetgum (L. formosana x styraciflua) clones. We compared the productivity and attributes, e.g., wood specific gravity and stand growth, of operational plantations of hybrid sweetgum clones to improved native sweetgum half-sib families in 36 stands in Oklahoma, Texas, and Louisiana, U.S. The least square means (LSMean) of wood specific gravity was significantly greater for hybrids clones than the half-sibs (0.49 vs. 0.46 g/cm3), and the hybrid clones had less taper which necessitated developing genotype-specific volume and biomass equations. Despite having less fertilizer inputs on average, the hybrids had greater standing green stem biomass than the half-sibs at an age of 8.5 years (LSMean of 73.3 vs. 51.9 Mg/ha). The hybrids as a group also exhibited greater green biomass growth during the 2022 growing season when compared to the half-sibs at 8.5 years (LSMean of 15.8 vs. 11.4 Mg/ha/y). Therefore, the hybrids provide growth and wood quality advantages that may provide an opportunity to increase productivity and profitability of hardwood SRWC plantings.
Spaceborne imaging spectroscopy enables carbon trait estimation in cover crop and cash crop residues
Authors: Jennewein Jyoti S. , Hively W. , Lamb Brian T. , Daughtry Craig S. T. , Thapa Resham , Thieme Alison , Reberg-Horton Chris , Mirsky Steven
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Cover crops and reduced tillage are two key climate smart agricultural practices that can provide agroecosystem services including improved soil health, increased soil carbon sequestration, and reduced fertilizer needs. Crop residue carbon traits (i.e., lignin, holocellulose, non-structural carbohydrates) and nitrogen concentrations largely mediate decomposition rates and amount of plant-available nitrogen accessible to cash crops and determine soil carbon residence time. Non-destructive approaches to quantify these important traits are possible using spectroscopy.

Methods

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of spectroscopy instruments to quantify crop residue biochemical traits in cover crop agriculture systems using partial least squares regression models and a combination of (1) the band equivalent reflectance (BER) of the PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA) imaging spectroscopy sensor derived from laboratory collected Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) spectra (n = 296) of 11 cover crop species and three cash crop species, and (2) spaceborne PRISMA imagery that coincided with destructive crop residue collections in the spring of 2022 (n = 65). Spectral range was constrained to 1200 to 2400 nm to reduce the likelihood of confounding relationships in wavelengths sensitive to plant pigments or those related to canopy structure for both analytical approaches.

Results

Models using laboratory BER of PRISMA all demonstrated high accuracies and low errors for estimation of nitrogen and carbon traits (adj. R2 = 0.86 − 0.98; RMSE = 0.24 − 4.25%) and results indicate that a single model may be used for a given trait across all species. Models using spaceborne imaging spectroscopy demonstrated that crop residue carbon traits can be successfully estimated using PRISMA imagery (adj. R2 = 0.65 − 0.75; RMSE = 2.71 − 4.16%). We found moderate relationships between nitrogen concentration and PRISMA imagery (adj. R2 = 0.52; RMSE = 0.25%), which is partly related to the range of nitrogen in these senesced crop residues (0.38–1.85%). PRISMA imagery models were also influenced by atmospheric absorption, variability in surface moisture content, and some presence of green vegetation.

Conclusion

As spaceborne imaging spectroscopy data become more widely available from upcoming missions, crop residue trait estimates could be regularly generated and integrated into decision support tools to calculate decomposition rates and associated nitrogen credits to inform precision field management, as well as to enable measurement, monitoring, reporting, and verification of net carbon benefits from climate smart agricultural practice adoption in an emerging carbon marketplace.
Movement split: how the structure of revolutionary coalitions shapes revolutionary outcomes
Authors: Abrams Benjamin
Published: June 2024

This article investigates the relationship between the coalitional structure of revolutionary movements and revolutionary outcomes. Noting the chimerical nature of revolutionary coalitions, it introduces readers to the concept of ‘movement split’: the moment in a revolutionary process when, once a regime is overthrown, the revolutionary coalition fractures into ‘radicals’, who seek further, social revolution; and ‘conservatives’ who are satisfied with a limited, political revolution. By means of a comparative historical analysis of the 1789 French Revolution and 2011 Egyptian Revolution, it analyses the role of coalition structure in determining revolutionary outcomes after movement split. In both cases, the distribution of mobilizing capacity between radicals and conservatives was the key factor determining whether each revolutionary movement came to pursue a ‘political’ or ‘social’ revolutionary’ program. Where conservatives retained control over mobilization, advancement of the revolutionary process ended once political revolution was achieved, while when radicals retained control, a process of social revolution was undertaken. Thus, when seeking to anticipate the trajectory of change an emergent revolutionary movement is liable to undertake, it is fruitful to examine whether it is radicals or conservatives who control its principal mobilizing structures.
Is it all hype? ChatGPT’s performance and disruptive potential in the accounting and auditing industries
Authors: Eulerich Marc , Sanatizadeh Aida , Vakilzadeh Hamid , Wood David A.
Published: June 2024

ChatGPT frequently appears in the media, with many predicting significant disruptions, especially in the fields of accounting and auditing. Yet research has demonstrated relatively poor performance of ChatGPT on student assessment questions. We extend this research to examine whether more recent ChatGPT models and capabilities can pass major accounting certification exams including the Certified Public Accountant (CPA), Certified Management Accountant (CMA), Certified Internal Auditor (CIA), and Enrolled Agent (EA) certification exams. We find that the ChatGPT 3.5 model cannot pass any exam (average score across all assessments of 53.1%). However, with additional enhancements, ChatGPT can pass all sections of each tested exam: moving to the ChatGPT 4 model improved scores by an average of 16.5%, providing 10-shot training improved scores an additional 6.6%, and allowing the model to use reasoning and acting (e.g., allow ChatGPT to use a calculator and other resources) improved scores an additional 8.9%. After all these improvements, ChatGPT passed all exams with an average score of 85.1%. This high performance indicates that ChatGPT has sufficient capabilities to disrupt the accounting and auditing industries, which we discuss in detail. This research provides practical insights for accounting professionals, investors, and stakeholders on how to adapt and mitigate the potential harms of this technology in accounting and auditing firms.
Stigma Towards People Living with Co-occurring Schizophrenia Spectrum and Substance Use Disorders: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hobern Beth , Carrotte Elise R. , Rehm Imogen C. , Blanchard Michelle , Groot Christopher
Published: June 2024

This scoping review mapped the extant research literature examining stigma towards people living with co-occurring schizophrenia spectrum and substance use disorders (SZSUD). Five online databases were searched for research published before September 2023. Eighteen relevant studies were identified, including six from the perspective of people living with SZSUD and 12 exploring public stigma towards the conditions. The majority of studies (n = 11) explored stigma from care providers, including healthcare, mental healthcare, and addiction clinicians and carers. In general, responses to people living with SZSUD were more negative than towards people living with either condition alone. People living with SZSUD identified numerous challenges associated with experienced, anticipated, internalised, and perceived stigma. Additional research is required to determine the extent and scope of the stigma faced by people living with SZSUD and how stigma manifests in other types of interpersonal relationships. Implications and additional recommendations for future research are discussed.
Continuous mobile measurement of camptocormia angle using four accelerometers
Authors: Naderi Beni K. , Knutzen K. , Kuhtz-Buschbeck J. P. , Margraf N. G. , Rieger R.
Published: June 2024

Camptocormia, a severe flexion deformity of the spine, presents challenges in monitoring its progression outside laboratory settings. This study introduces a customized method utilizing four inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors for continuous recording of the camptocormia angle (CA), incorporating both the consensual malleolus and perpendicular assessment methods. The setup is wearable and mobile and allows measurements outside the laboratory environment. The practicality for measuring CA across various activities is evaluated for both the malleolus and perpendicular method in a mimicked Parkinson disease posture. Multiple activities are performed by a healthy volunteer. Measurements are compared against a camera-based reference system. Results show an overall root mean squared error (RMSE) of 4.13° for the malleolus method and 2.71° for the perpendicular method. Furthermore, patient-specific calibration during the standing still with forward lean activity significantly reduced the RMSE to 2.45° and 1.68° respectively. This study presents a novel approach to continuous CA monitoring outside the laboratory setting. The proposed system is suitable as a tool for monitoring the progression of camptocormia and for the first time implements the malleolus method with IMU. It holds promise for effectively monitoring camptocormia at home.
Research Translation to Promote Urban Health in Latin America: The SALURBAL Experience
Authors: Slesinski S. Claire , Indvik Katherine , Barrientos-Gutierrez Tonatiuh , Bolinaga Andrea , Caiaffa Waleska Teixeira , Diez-Canseco Francisco , Miranda J. Jaime , Rodriguez Daniel A. , Sarmiento Olga L. , Siri José G. , Vergara Alejandra Vives , Roux Ana V. Diez ,   The SALURBAL group
Published: June 2024

In highly urbanized and unequal Latin America, urban health and health equity research are essential to effective policymaking. To ensure the application of relevant and context-specific evidence to efforts to reduce urban health inequities, urban health research in Latin America must incorporate strategic research translation efforts. Beginning in 2017, the Urban Health in Latin America (SALURBAL) project implemented policy-relevant research and engaged policymakers and the public to support the translation of research findings. Over 6 years, more than 200 researchers across eight countries contributed to SALURBAL’s interdisciplinary network. This network allowed SALURBAL to adapt research and engagement activities to local contexts and priorities, thereby maximizing the policy relevance of research findings and their application to promote policy action, inform urban interventions, and drive societal change. SALURBAL achieved significant visibility and credibility among academic and nonacademic urban health stakeholders, resulting in the development of evidence and tools to support urban policymakers, planners, and policy development processes across the region. These efforts and their outcomes reveal important lessons regarding maintaining flexibility and accounting for local context in research, ensuring that resources are dedicated to policy engagement and dissemination activities, and recognizing that assessing policy impact requires a nuanced understanding of complex policymaking processes. These reflections are relevant for promoting urban health and health equity research translation across the global south and worldwide. This paper presents SALURBAL’s strategy for dissemination and policy translation, highlights innovative initiatives and their outcomes, discusses lessons learned, and shares recommendations for future efforts to promote effective translation of research findings.
A New Method for Low Density Distribution Modeling and Near Threatened Species: The Study Case of Plectrohyla Guatemalensis
Authors: Ballesteros Miguel , Díaz-Avalos Carlos , Hernández Omar , Garro Guillermo
Published: June 2024

We introduce a model that can be used for the description of the distribution of species when there is scarcity of data, based on our previous work (Ballesteros et al. J Math Biol 85(4):31, 2022). We address challenges in modeling species that are seldom observed in nature, for example species included in The International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2023). We introduce a general method and test it using a case study of a near threatened species of amphibians called Plectrohyla Guatemalensis (see IUCN 2023) in a region of the UNESCO natural reserve “Tacaná Volcano”, in the border between Mexico and Guatemala. Since threatened species are difficult to find in nature, collected data can be extremely reduced. This produces a mathematical problem in the sense that the usual modeling in terms of Markov random fields representing individuals associated to locations in a grid generates artificial clusters around the observations, which are unreasonable. We propose a different approach in which our random variables describe yearly averages of expectation values of the number of individuals instead of individuals (and they take values on a compact interval). Our approach takes advantage of intuitive insights from environmental properties: in nature individuals are attracted or repulsed by specific features (Ballesteros et al. J Math Biol 85(4):31, 2022). Drawing inspiration from quantum mechanics, we incorporate quantum Hamiltonians into classical statistical mechanics (i.e. Gibbs measures or Markov random fields). The equilibrium between spreading and attractive/repulsive forces governs the behavior of the species, expressed through a global control problem involving an energy operator.
Optimization of window settings for coronary arteries assessment using spectral CT-derived virtual monoenergetic imaging
Authors: D’Angelo Tommaso , Mastrodicasa Domenico , Lanzafame Ludovica R. M. , Yel Ibrahim , Koch Vitali , Gruenewald Leon D. , Sharma Simran P. , Ascenti Velio , Micari Antonino , Blandino Alfredo , Vogl Thomas J. , Mazziotti Silvio , Budde Ricardo P. J. , Booz Christian
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To determine the optimal window setting for virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) reconstructed from dual-layer spectral coronary computed tomography angiography (DE-CCTA) datasets.

Material and methods

50 patients (30 males; mean age 61.1 ± 12.4 years who underwent DE-CCTA from May 2021 to June 2022 for suspected coronary artery disease, were retrospectively included. Image quality assessment was performed on conventional images and VMI reconstructions at 70 and 40 keV. Objective image quality was assessed using contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Two independent observers manually identified the best window settings (B-W/L) for VMI 70 and VMI 40 visualization. B-W/L were then normalized with aortic attenuation using linear regression analysis to obtain the optimized W/L (O-W/L) settings. Additionally, subjective image quality was evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale, and vessel diameters were measured to examine any potential impact of different W/L settings.

Results

VMI 40 demonstrated higher CNR values compared to conventional and VMI 70. B-W/L settings identified were 1180/280 HU for VMI 70 and 3290/900 HU for VMI 40. Subsequent linear regression analysis yielded O-W/L settings of 1155/270 HU for VMI 70 and 3230/880 HU for VMI 40. VMI 40 O-W/L received the highest scores for each parameter compared to conventional (all p < 0.0027). Using O-W/L settings for VMI 70 and VMI 40 did not result in significant differences in vessel measurements compared to conventional images.

Conclusion

Optimization of VMI requires adjustments in W/L settings. Our results recommend W/L settings of 1155/270 HU for VMI 70 and 3230/880 HU for VMI 40.
The Link Between Matrix Metalloproteinases and Alzheimer’s Disease Pathophysiology
Authors: Radosinska Dominika , Radosinska Jana
Published: June 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major contributor to dementia and the most common neurodegenerative disorder. In AD pathophysiology, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)—proteolytic enzymes, best known to be responsible for remodeling and degradation of the extracellular matrix—were suggested to play an important role. Due to the diverse nature of the published data and frequent inconsistent results presented in available papers, it was considered essential to analyze all aspects of MMP literature with respect to AD pathophysiology and attempt to outline a unifying concept for understanding their role in AD. Thus, the main contribution of this review article is to summarize the most recent research on the participation of MMP in AD pathophysiology obtained using the cell cultures to understand the molecular principles of their action. Furthermore, an updated comprehensive view regarding this topic based exclusively on papers from human studies is provided as well. It can be concluded that determining the exact role of any particular MMPs in the AD pathophysiology holds promise for establishing their role as potential biomarkers reflecting the severity or progression of this disease or for developing new therapeutic agents targeting the processes that lead to AD.
Neck Dissection in cT3/T4 Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx
Authors: Patel Rushi , Patel Aman M. , Revercomb Lucy , Patel Amy , Tseng Christopher C. , Park Richard Chan Woo
Published: June 2024

Previous research has reported high occult nodal metastases rates for T3/T4 mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the oropharynx (OP) and oral cavity (OC). Our study evaluates if there is a benefit of neck dissection (ND) in these patients. The 2004–2016 National Cancer Database was queried for cases of adult MEC of the OC and OP. Patients with clinical T3/T4 disease were included while those with metastatic disease were excluded. Patients were divided into two cohorts: those treated with and without ND. Univariate chi-square, Kaplan-Meier, and multivariable Cox regression analyses were implemented. A total of 243 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 79 (32.5%) underwent ND. The majority of patients were less than 60 years old (60.1%), White (76.2%), and male (53.5%). 92 (37.9%) patients had clinically node-positive (cN+) disease. ND patients had higher rates of cN + disease (53.2% vs. 30.5%, p = 0.002). Of patients undergoing ND, 35 (44.3%) had cN0 disease while 42 (53.2%) had cN + disease. ND patients more commonly had grade III/IV tumors (45.1% vs. 23.4%, p = 0.002). Upon examination of dissected nodes, 20.3% of cN0 patients undergoing ND were found to have occult nodal metastases. There was no significant difference in 5-year overall survival between patients with and without ND (61.8% vs. 53.6%, p = 0.610), even on multivariable Cox analysis (hazard ratio: 1.52, 95% confidence interval: 0.73–3.18, p = 0.269). Our study found patients with cN0 MEC of the OC and OP have a high rate (20.3%) of occult nodal metastasis. In this cohort, patients with ND were not found to have improved survival, possibly due to statistical underpowering. Further research is needed to evaluate the indications and benefit of ND for this rare tumor presentation.
‘Familiness’ diversification and recognition: intergenerational changes in mobile ‘ndrangheta families in Australia
Authors: Sergi Anna
Published: June 2024

Mafia-type families, envisioned as intergenerational (criminal) dynasties or family-based criminal groups, are shaped by recognition in the ‘underworld’ and affected by changes in their familiness. In Australia, mafia-type families or dynasties connected to the Calabrian ‘ndrangheta have been successful at exploiting licit and illicit opportunities across generations and places also thanks to their recognition as well as reputation. In this article we explore how mafia-type families or dynasties experience familiness diversification, including intergenerational changes, transculturation, and external factors, and how this relates to their recognition in the underworld, by other criminal groups or by law enforcement. Based on document analysis and interviews, and building on a new analytical framework, we present four ideal-types mafia-type families in Australia: gatekeepers, holdovers, newcomers, and vanishers. This is the first study that considers how mafia organisations evolve in their most fundamental forms abroad, and some implications of such evolution go against mainstream understandings of mafia mobility studies.
Uridine-Loaded Polycaprolactone Nanofiber Mats as a Novel Wound Dressing
Authors: Mergen Hilmiye Sule , Duzyer Gebizli Sebnem , Ermis Erkan , Cansev Mehmet , Isik Dokuzoglu Sema , Goktalay Gokhan
Published: June 2024

In the current study, a novel wound dressing material for an effective wound healing was developed by loading Uridine (URD), an endogenous compound known for its regenerative properties, into polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers. Initially, PCL nanofibers without URD were fabricated from different PCL solutions (7, 8, 10 and 11% w/w) by electrospinning and optimum PCL concentration (10% w/w) for URD loading was determined. After loading URD at different concentrations (0.1, 0.5 and 1% w/w) into 10% PCL solution, PCL/URD nanofibers were electrospun. Structural characteristics, release kinetics as well as in vitro and in vivo effects of the PCL/URD nanofibers were studied and in vivo effects were compared with a conventional wound dressing material. Loading URD increased nanofiber diameters from 248 to 509 nm and decreased contact angles from 123.76° to 94.3° with increasing URD concentrations. URD showed a burst release in the first 60 min following a more gradual release up to the 5th day which best fitted with Korsmeyer–Peppas model. PCL/URD mats provided enhanced viability in vitro in MTT assay using mouse L929 fibroblast cell line. Furthermore, in vivo wound closure studies revealed an immediate and robust wound healing in rats treated with PCL/URD mats compared to PCL mats without URD as well as the conventional wound dressing material. These data suggest that URD-loaded PCL nanofiber mats are promising materials as wound dressing.

Graphical abstract
Cognitive and Emotional Effect of a Multi-species Probiotic Containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis in Healthy Older Adults: A Double‐Blind Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Ruiz-Gonzalez Cristofer , Cardona Diana , Rueda-Ruzafa Lola , Rodriguez-Arrastia Miguel , Ropero-Padilla Carmen , Roman Pablo
Published: June 2024

As the population ages, cognitive decline becomes more common. Strategies targeting the gut-brain axis using probiotics are emerging to achieve improvements in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. However, the beneficial role of probiotics on brain function in healthy older adults remains unclear. Our aim was to evaluate a multi-species probiotic formulation as a therapeutic approach to reduce emotional and cognitive decline associated with aging in healthy adults. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted. The study involved a 10-week intervention where participants consumed the assigned probiotic product daily, followed by a 4-week washout period before the second condition started. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Psychological Experiments Construction Language Test Battery. At the emotional level, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used. Thirty-three participants, recruited between July 2020 and April 2022, ingested a multispecies probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis). After the intervention, noticeable enhancements were observed in cognitive function (mean difference 1.90, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.70, p < 0.005), memory (mean difference 4.60, 95% CI 2.91 to 6.29, p < 0.005) by MMSE and digit task, and depressive symptoms (mean difference 4.09, 95% CI 1.70 to 6.48, p < 0.005) by BDI. Furthermore, there were significant improvements observed in planning and problem-solving skills, selective attention, cognitive flexibility, impulsivity, and inhibitory ability. Probiotics administration improved cognitive and emotional function in older adults. Limited research supports this, requiring more scientific evidence for probiotics as an effective therapy for cognitive decline. This study has been prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04828421; 2020/July/17).
After-effects of a closed copper mine: detailed analysis of environmental impacts in soil and plant samples
Authors: Konanç Mustafa Umut , Değermenci Gökçe Didar , Kariper İshak Afşin , Yavuz Emine
Published: June 2024

In several countries around the world, abandoned mining sites are blighted by pollution from metal and metalloids. Generated by mining processes, toxic pollutants have lasting effects on the ecosystem. The study examined the environmental impact of waste from a copper mine that was operated by the Caucasus Copper Limited Company between 1905 and 1928, revised and commissioned by Etibank in 1936, and ceased operations 75 years ago. Soil and plant samples (needles of Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris L.) were collected from five specific regions around the mine and the levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) were determined, including As, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, Cr, Cu, Al, and Fe. The data obtained were used to calculate the enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), ecological risk index (ERI), human health risk index (BCF), and plant enrichment factor (EFPlant). In soil samples, the average EF values of certain elements such as As (453), Cu (59.9), Pb (30.7), Zn (5.26) were detected at high levels. However, average Igeo values indicate high pollution levels for As (8.25), Cd (6.72), Cu (4.94), Pb (4.33) and Zn (2.42), indicating the existence of serious ecological risks in the affected areas. Additionally, the average CF values indicate serious pollution levels from heavy metals such as As (1605), Cd (584), Pb (99.4), Cu (81.9), and Zn (14.6), highlighting the extensive pollution situation resulting from mining activities. Meanwhile, average ERI values indicate that Cd, As, Cu, and Pb pose serious ecological risks in the study areas.These PTEs were found in high concentrations in the waste tail and dump. Furthermore, the analysis determined that there was enrichment for Mn, Cd, Al, Cu, Pb, and Fe elements in plant samples. These PTEs have the potential to spread more widely depending on seasonal conditions and local topography. This situation demonstrates the need to measure metal and metalloids concentrations at certain times, taking into account the potential for environmental pollution of surface runoff water and underground resources in areas with high drainage potential from acid mines, such as at the Kuvarshan mine tailings site.