bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multistability in a Simplified Underwater Supercavity System
Authors: Lv Yipin , Xiong Tianhong , Yi Wenjun
Published: August 2017

Supercavity can increase the velocity of underwater vehicles greatly, however the launching state of vehicle and systematic parameters often lead to unstable motion. To solve the problem, the effect of parameters and initial conditions on the stability of vehicles is studied. With two variable parameters, namely cavitation number and feedback control gain of fin deflection angle, a simple dynamic model of supercavity system is studied. The multistability is verified through simulation. Robustness of the system is also analyzed based on its basins of attraction. There are various coexisting attractors in a relatively large region of parameter space of the supercavity system, namely coexistence of a stable equilibrium point and a periodic attractor, coexistence of various periodic attractors, coexistence of a periodic attractor with a chaotic attractor and so on, which explain the effect of parameters and initial values on stability of vehicles qualitatively. In addition, without major change in cavitation number, there is a negative correlation between the robustness of the vehicle and feedback control gain of fin deflection angle. The robustness can be improved through optimization of parameters.
Increased mitochondrial calcium uniporter in adipocytes underlies mitochondrial alterations associated with insulin resistance
Authors: Wright Lauren E. , Vecellio Reane Denis , Milan Gabriella , Terrin Anna , Di Bello Giorgia , Belligoli Anna , Sanna Marta , Foletto Mirto , Favaretto Francesca , Raffaello Anna , Mammucari Cristina , Nitti Donato , Vettor Roberto , Rizzuto Rosario
Published: August 2017

Intracellular calcium influences an array of pathways and affects cellular processes. With the rapidly progressing research investigating the molecular identity and the physiological roles of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex, we now have the tools to understand the functions of mitochondrial Ca2+in the regulation of pathophysiological processes. Herein, we describe the role of key MCU complex components in insulin resistance in mouse and human adipose tissue. Adipose tissue gene expression was analyzed from several models of obese and diabetic rodents and in 72 patients with obesity as well as in vitro insulin-resistant adipocytes. Genetic manipulation of MCU activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes allowed the investigation of the role of mitochondrial calcium uptake. In insulin-resistant adipocytes, mitochondrial calcium uptake increased and several MCU components were upregulated. Similar results were observed in mouse and human visceral adipose tissue (VAT) during the progression of obesity and diabetes. Intriguingly, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was spared from overt MCU fluctuations. Furthermore, MCU expression returned to physiological levels in VAT of patients after weight loss by bariatric surgery. Genetic manipulation of mitochondrial calcium uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes demonstrated that changes in mitochondrial calcium concentration ([Ca2+]mt) can affect mitochondrial metabolism, including oxidative enzyme activity, mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species formation. Finally, our data suggest a strong relationship between [Ca2+]mtand the release of IL-6 and TNFα in adipocytes. Altered mitochondrial calcium flux in fat cells may play a role in obesity and diabetes and may be associated with the differential metabolic profiles of VAT and SAT.
Global External Stochastic Stabilization of Linear Systems with Input Saturation: An Alternative Approach
Authors: Wang Qingling
Published: August 2017

This paper presents results concerning the global external stochastic stabilization for linear systems with input saturation and stochastic external disturbances under random Gaussian distributed initial conditions. The objective is to construct a class of control laws that achieve global asymptotic stability in the absence of disturbances, while guaranteeing a bounded variance of the state for all the time in the presence of disturbances. By using an alternative approach, a new class of scheduled control laws are proposed, and the global external stochastic stabilization problem can be solved only through some routine manipulations. Furthermore, the reported approach allows a larger range of the design parameter. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to validate the theoretical results.
Fitting Performance of Different Models on Loess Particle Size Distribution Curves
Authors: Liu Wei , Chen Wenwu , Bi Jun , Lin Gaochao , Wu Weijiang , Su Xing
Published: August 2017

The soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) describes the relationship between matric suction and moisture of soil, the testing process of which is time-consuming. The test time of particle size distribution (PSD), in contrast, is relatively short. Thus, it is quite important to establish a proper model for PSD to forecast SWCC. This paper analyzed PSD of 25 groups of loess by way of laser diffraction technique (LD) and sieve-settlement method. Works were carried out on fitting analysis on PSD with Logarithmic model, Fredlund model, Jaky model, and Gompertz model. Statistical method was used to explain the fitting performance. Meanwhile, an empirical model was put forward. Compared to the four models, the empirical model has fewer parameters, simple model form, and smaller fluctuations of parameters. Results of LD showed higher clay content but lower silt content. It is suggested that Fredlund model or the empirical model be adopted to forecast SWCC of Malan loess.
Pleiotropic Effects of Biguanides on Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production
Authors: Pecinova Alena , Drahota Zdenek , Kovalcikova Jana , Kovarova Nikola , Pecina Petr , Alan Lukas , Zima Michal , Houstek Josef , Mracek Tomas
Published: August 2017

Metformin is widely prescribed as a first‐choice antihyperglycemic drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and recent epidemiological studies showed its utility also in cancer therapy. Although it is in use since the 1970s, its molecular target, either for antihyperglycemic or antineoplastic action, remains elusive. However, the body of the research on metformin effect oscillates around mitochondrial metabolism, including the function of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) apparatus. In this study, we focused on direct inhibitory mechanism of biguanides (metformin and phenformin) on OXPHOS complexes and its functional impact, using the model of isolated brown adipose tissue mitochondria. We demonstrate that biguanides nonspecifically target the activities of all respiratory chain dehydrogenases (mitochondrial NADH, succinate, and glycerophosphate dehydrogenases), but only at very high concentrations (10−2–10−1 M) that highly exceed cellular concentrations observed during the treatment. In addition, these concentrations of biguanides also trigger burst of reactive oxygen species production which, in combination with pleiotropic OXPHOS inhibition, can be toxic for the organism. We conclude that the beneficial effect of biguanides should probably be associated with subtler mechanism, different from the generalized inhibition of the respiratory chain.
Global Exponential Synchronization of Nonlinearly Coupled Complex Dynamical Networks with Time-Varying Coupling Delays
Authors: Luo Yi-Ping , Shu Li , Zhou Bi-Feng
Published: August 2017

This paper focuses on the global exponential synchronization problem of nonlinearly coupled complex dynamical networks with time-varying coupling delays. Several simple and generic global exponential synchronization criteria are derived based on the Lyapunov stability theory and the Dini derivatives using the Halanay and generalized Halanay inequalities. These criteria rely on system parameters alone and can be used conveniently in practical applications. In addition, the system parameters do not satisfy the conditions of the proposed criteria. That is, the system itself cannot synchronize. However, system synchronization can be achieved by adding the appropriate feedback controllers, thereby providing a practical and effective control method for complex dynamical networks. An estimation method of exponential convergence rate is also presented. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed criteria is verified through numerical simulations.
Amiloride, An Old Diuretic Drug, Is a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Rojas Elizabeta A. , Corchete Luis Antonio , San-Segundo Laura , Martínez-Blanch Juan F. , Codoñer Francisco M. , Paíno Teresa , Puig Noemí , García-Sanz Ramón , Mateos María Victoria , Ocio Enrique M. , Misiewicz-Krzeminska Irena , Gutiérrez Norma C.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: The search for new drugs that control the continuous relapses of multiple myeloma is still required. Here, we report for the first time the potent antimyeloma activity of amiloride, an old potassium-sparing diuretic approved for the treatment of hypertension and edema due to heart failure.

Experimental Design: Myeloma cell lines and primary samples were used to evaluate cytotoxicity of amiloride. In vivo studies were carried out in a xenograft mouse model. The mechanisms of action were investigated using RNA-Seq experiments, qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence assays.

Results: Amiloride-induced apoptosis was observed in a broad panel of multiple myeloma cell lines and in a xenograft mouse model. Moreover, amiloride also had a synergistic effect when combined with dexamethasone, melphalan, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide. RNA-Seq experiments showed that amiloride not only significantly altered the level of transcript isoforms and alternative splicing events, but also deregulated the spliceosomal machinery. In addition, disruption of the splicing machinery in immunofluorescence studies was associated with the inhibition of myeloma cell viability after amiloride exposure. Although amiloride was able to induce apoptosis in myeloma cells lacking p53 expression, activation of p53 signaling was observed in wild-type and mutated TP53 cells after amiloride exposure. On the other hand, we did not find a significant systemic toxicity in mice treated with amiloride.

Conclusions: Overall, our results demonstrate the antimyeloma activity of amiloride and provide a mechanistic rationale for its use as an alternative treatment option for relapsed multiple myeloma patients, especially those with 17p deletion or TP53 mutations that are resistant to current therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 23(21); 6602–15. ©2017 AACR.
In Vivo Validation of PAPSS1 (3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate synthase 1) as a Cisplatin-sensitizing Therapeutic Target
Authors: Leung Ada W.Y. , Veinotte Chansey J. , Melong Nicole , Oh Min Hee , Chen Kent , Enfield Katey S.S. , Backstrom Ian , Warburton Corinna , Yapp Donald , Berman Jason N. , Bally Marcel B. , Lockwood William W.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: Our previous screening efforts found that inhibition of PAPSS1 increases the potency of DNA-damaging agents in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Here, we explored the clinical relevance of PAPSS1 and further investigated it as a therapeutic target in preclinical model systems.

Experimental Design: PAPSS1 expression and cisplatin IC50 values were assessed in 52 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Effects of PAPSS1 inhibition on A549 cisplatin sensitivity under hypoxic and starvation conditions, in 3D spheroids, as well as in zebrafish and mouse xenografts, were evaluated. Finally, the association between PAPSS1 expression levels and survival in patients treated with standard chemotherapy was assessed.

Results: Our results show a positive correlation between low PAPSS1 expression and increased cisplatin sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma. In vitro, the potentiation effect was greatest when A549 cells were serum-starved under hypoxic conditions. When treated with low-dose cisplatin, PAPSS1-deficient A549 spheroids showed a 58% reduction in size compared with control cells. In vivo, PAPSS1 suppression and low-dose cisplatin treatment inhibited proliferation of lung tumor cells in zebrafish xenografts and significantly delayed development of subcutaneous tumors in mice. Clinical data suggest that NSCLC and ovarian cancer patients with low PAPSS1 expression survive longer following platinum-based chemotherapy.

Conclusions: These results suggest that PAPSS1 inhibition enhances cisplatin activity in multiple preclinical model systems and that low PAPSS1 expression may serve as a biomarker for platin sensitivity in cancer patients. Developing strategies to target PAPSS1 activity in conjunction with platinum-based chemotherapy may offer an approach to improving treatment outcomes. Clin Cancer Res; 23(21); 6555–66. ©2017 AACR.
Neurotensin Receptor 1 Antagonist SR48692 Improves Response to Carboplatin by Enhancing Apoptosis and Inhibiting Drug Efflux in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Liu Jin , Agopiantz Mikaël , Poupon Joël , Wu Zherui , Just Pierre-Alexandre , Borghese Bruno , Ségal-Bendirdjian Evelyne , Gauchotte Guillaume , Gompel Anne , Forgez Patricia
Published: August 2017

Purpose: The high affinity receptor 1 (NTSR1) and its agonist, neurotensin (NTS), are correlated with tumor cell aggressiveness in most solid tumors. As chemoresistance and tumor aggressiveness are often related, we decided to study the role of the NTSR1 complex within platinum-based chemotherapy responses. In an ovarian model, we studied carboplatin because it is the main standard of care for ovarian cancer.

Experimental Design: Experimental tumors and in vitro studies were performed using SKOV3 and A2780 cells treated with carboplatin, with or without a very specific NTSR1 antagonist, SR48692. We measured the effects of these treatments on cell apoptosis and apoptosis-related proteins, platinum accumulation in the cell and nucleus, and the expression and localization of platinum transporters. NTS and NTSR1 labeling was measured in patients with ovarian cancer.

Results: SR48692 enhanced the response to carboplatin in ovarian cancer cells and experimental tumors. When SR48692 is combined with carboplatin, we noted a major improvement of platinum-induced DNA damage and cell death, as well as a decrease in tumor growth. The relationship of these results to clinical studies was made by the detection of NTS and NTSR1 in 72% and 74% of ovarian cancer, respectively. Furthermore, in a large series of high-grade ovarian cancer, NTSR1 mRNA was shown to correlate with higher stages and platinum resistance.

Conclusions: This study strongly suggests that the addition of NTSR1 inhibitor in combination with platinum salt–based therapy will improve the response to the drug. Clin Cancer Res; 23(21); 6516–28. ©2017 AACR.
Increased Risk of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Sarcoidosis
Authors: Bargagli Elena , Rosi Elisabetta , Pistolesi Massimo , Lavorini Federico , Voltolini Luca , Rottoli Paola
Published: August 2017

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Recent studies demonstrated that its pathogenesis is related with enhanced oxidative stress (protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation) and alterations in the circulating lipid profile. Alterations of lipid metabolism (including the reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and apolipoprotein A1 concentrations) induce plasma membrane, bronchial and lung capillary endothelial cell damage in sarcoidosis patients. Dyslipidemia is associated with increased oxidative stress, diminished overall antioxidative protection and increased risk for atherosclerosis. Very recently increased cardiovascular biomarkers (in particular alterations of lipoprotein A and d-dimer concentrations) were observed in sarcoidosis patients, mainly in those with a high risk of atherosclerosis. Chitotriosidase, a biomarker of sarcoidosis activity and macrophage activation, is increased in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with sarcoidosis as well as in patients with atherosclerosis. Lipidomics and other recent methodologies allowed the discovery of proteins involved in lipid metabolism and sarcoidosis pathogenesis, such as serum amyloid A, a biomarker of sarcoidosis activity, involved in innate immune response, inflammation and apolipoprotein metabolism. In this review lipid metabolism alteration and atherosclerosis risk in sarcoidosis patients were discussed in order to contribute to this novel and interesting research topic.
The Effects of Adenosinergic Modulation on Cytokine Levels in a Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure Model
Authors: Dede Fazilet , Karadenizli Sabriye , Özsoy Özgür Doğa , Eraldemir Fatma Ceyla , Şahin Deniz , Ateş Nurbay
Published: August 2017

Objective: It has been suggested that the adenosinergic system and cytokines play a role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Although the role of the adenosinergic system in the modulation of seizure activity is well known, the mechanism of this modulation needs to be described in detail. We performed this study to determine the contribution of the proinflammatory cytokines to the generalized seizure activity during adenosine and caffeine treatment. Methods: We induced generalized tonic-clonic seizures with the administration of 60 mg/kg pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in male Wistar Albino rats. Adenosine (500 mg/kg) or caffeine (5 mg/kg) was administered before PTZ injection. We monitored seizure activity and then determined the TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in the cortical and thalamic brain regions of rats by ELISA. Results: Adenosine pretreatment significantly extended seizure latency (p < 0.05), but did not affect seizure duration and entry time to stage 4 seizure. Caffeine pretreatment did not change seizure latency and seizure duration. PTZ treatment did not change brain cytokine levels significantly (p > 0.05) compared to the control group. Whereas adenosine pretreatment decreased brain TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels significantly (p < 0.05), caffeine pretreatment reduced brain cytokine levels slightly but nonsignificantly (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our results show that there is a clear relation between adenosinergic system and brain tissue cytokine levels. Our findings indicated that TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 participate in the pathogenesis of generalized seizures, and the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 with adenosinergic modulation may decrease seizure severity.
Frontal Cortex Myo-Inositol Is Associated with Sleep and Depression in Adolescents: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Urrila Anna S. , Hakkarainen Antti , Castaneda Anu , Paunio Tiina , Marttunen Mauri , Lundbom Nina
Published: August 2017

Aim: This study used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) to evaluate the neurochemistry of the frontal cortex in adolescents with symptoms of sleep and depression. Methods: Nineteen non-medicated adolescent boys (mean age 16.0 years; 9 clinical cases with depression/sleep symptoms and 10 healthy controls) underwent 1H MRS at 3 T. MR spectra were acquired from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and frontal white matter. Concentrations of N-acetyl aspartate, total creatine, choline-containing compounds, total glutamine plus glutamate, and myo-inositol (mI) were compared in the 2 subgroups, and correlated with sleep and clinical measures in the total sample. Sleep was assessed with self-report questionnaires and ambulatory polysomnography recordings. Results: Concentrations of mI were lower in both frontal cortical regions among the depressed adolescents than in controls. No statistically significant differences in other metabolite concentrations were observed between the subgroups. Frontal cortex mI concentrations correlated negatively with depression severity, subjective daytime sleepiness, insomnia symptoms, and the level of anxiety, and correlated positively with total sleep time and overall psychosocial functioning. The correlations between mI in the ACC and total sleep time as well as daytime sleepiness remained statistically significant when depression severity was controlled in the analyses. Conclusion: Lower frontal cortex mI may indicate a disturbed second messenger system. Frontal cortical mI may thus be linked to the pathophysiology of depression and concomitant sleep symptoms among maturing adolescents. Short sleep and daytime sleepiness may be associated with frontal cortex mI independently from depression.
Early Discharge Programme on Hospital-at-Home Evaluation for Patients with Immediate Postoperative Course after Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Pajarón-Guerrero Marcos , Fernández-Miera Manuel Francisco , Dueñas-Puebla Juan Carlos , Cagigas-Fernández Carmen , Allende-Mancisidor Iciar , Cristóbal-Poch Lidia , Gómez-Fleitas Manuel , Manzano-Peral Maria Asuncion , Gonzalez-Fernandez Carmen Rosa , Aguilera-Zubizarreta Ana , Sanroma-Mendizábal Pedro ,   The Hospital Valdecilla ERAS Study Group
Published: August 2017

Background: To audit the safety of the early hospital discharge care model offered by a Hospital-at-home (HAH) unit during early postoperative follow-up of these patients, and to determine whether this care model is more efficient compared to the traditional care model. Methods: A prospective study of 50 patients included consecutively for 1 year in an early discharge programme after laparoscopic colorectal surgery was performed. As of day 3 after surgery, if the patient met the relevant inclusion criteria they were transferred to the HAH unit. The domiciliary protocol consists of daily clinical follow-up and a series of analytical controls with the purpose of early detection of postoperative complications. If the clinical course was favourable on day 7 after the postoperative period the patient was discharged. Results: A total of 66% were males, and the mean age was 60.6 years. The surgical procedure most commonly performed was sigmoidectomy. The mean stay was 5.5 days. There were no deaths during follow-up. The average estimated cost per day of stay in a HAH system was EUR 174.29 whilst the same average cost on a surgery ward stood at EUR 1,032.42. Conclusions: For patients undergoing major colorectal surgery with minimally invasive surgical technique, an early hospital discharge care programme by means of referral to a HAH unit is a safe and efficient care model which entails a significant cost saving for the public healthcare system.
Women, Gender and Religion in Modern China, 1900s-1950s: An Introduction
Authors: Kang Xiaofei
Published: August 2017

Over the last several decades, there has been a voluminous amount of scholarly literature about the transformation of women and gender, as well as about the reconstruction of Chinese religions in the context of twentieth-century Chinese modernity. The relationship and intersection of these two separated fields, however, remain uncharted territory. This essay is an introduction to three studies which address this lacuna. It places these writings in the existing scholarship on themes related to women, gender, and religion, and outlines the various ways in which they bring together the two hitherto disconnected facets of academic research on women and religion in the study of modern China, with a focus on the period from the 1900s to 1950s. Together they highlight the gender dynamics of the twentieth-century construction of Chinese religions, and forge new gendered understandings of Chinese modernity.
Comparing Hospital Staff Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Before and 1 Year After Improving Nutrition Care: Results From the More‐2‐Eat Implementation Project
Authors: Laur Celia V. , Keller Heather H. , Curtis Lori , Douglas Pauline , Murphy Joseph , Ray Sumantra
Published: August 2017

Background: Staff play key roles in the prevention, detection, and treatment of hospital malnutrition. Understanding staff knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) is important for developing and evaluating change management strategies. Methods: The More‐2‐Eat project improved nutrition care in 5 Canadian hospitals by implementing the Integrated Nutrition Pathway for Acute Care (INPAC). To understand staff views before (T1) and after 1 year of implementation (T2), a reliable KAP questionnaire, based on INPAC, was administered. T2 included questions about involvement in implementation. The mean difference between T2 and T1 responses was calculated, and t tests were used for comparisons. Results: The questionnaire was completed at T1 (n = 189) and T2 (n = 147) (unpaired); 57 staff completed both questionnaires (paired). A significant increase in total score was seen in unpaired results at T2 (from 93.6/128 [range, 51–124] to 99.5/128 [range, 54–119]; t = 5.97, P < .0001), with an increase in knowledge/attitudes (KA) (t = 2.4, P = .016) and practice (t = 3.57, P < .0001) components. There were no statistically significant changes in paired responses. Seventy percent (n = 102/147) noticed positive changes in practices, 12% (n = 18) noticed positive/negative changes, 1% (n = 1) noticed negative change, and 17% (n = 25) noticed no change. Fifty‐nine percent (n = 86) felt involved in the change, and these staff had higher KA and KAP scores than those who did not feel involved. Conclusion: Staff involvement is important in the implementation process for improving nutrition care.
Greenlizardite, (NH4)Na(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2·4H2O, a new mineral with phosphuranylite-type uranyl sulfate sheets from Red Canyon, San Juan County, Utah, USA
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Plášil Jakub , Nash Barbara P. , Marty Joe
Published: August 2017

The new mineral greenlizardite (IMA2017-001), (NH4)Na(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2·4H2O, was found in the Green Lizard mine, Red Canyon, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as a secondary alteration phase. It is associated with ammoniozippeite, boussingaultite and dickite. It forms as light green-yellow blades up to ~0.3 mm long. The mineral is vitreous and transparent with a white streak. It fluoresces greenish blue in 405 nm light. Mohs hardness is ~2. Crystals are brittle with irregular fracture and two cleavages: perfect {001} and good {2$\bar 1$0}. Greenlizardite is easily soluble in room-temperature H2O. The calculated density is 3.469 g cm–3. Optically, it is biaxial (+) with α = 1.559(1), β = 1.582(1) and γ = 1.608(1) (measured in white light). The measured 2V is 88(1)°; the calculated 2V is 87.8°. Dispersion is moderate, r < v. Pleochroism is X = very pale yellow green, Y = pale yellow green and Z = light yellow green; X < Y < Z. The optical orientation is X ≈ c, Y ≈ a and Z ≈ b*. The Raman spectrum exhibits bands attributable to both sulfate and uranyl groups. Electron probe microanalyses (with H2O based on the crystal structure) yielded (NH4)0.98Na1.00U1.96S2.04O18.00H10.02. Greenlizardite is triclinic, P$\bar 1$, a = 6.83617(17), b = 9.5127(3), c = 13.8979(10) Å, α = 98.636(7), β = 93.713(7), γ = 110.102(8)°, V = 832.49(8) Å3 and Z = 2. The crystal structure (R1 = 2.39% for 2542 I > 2σI) contains edge-sharing dimers of UO7 pentagonal bipyramids. The dimers link by sharing corners with SO4 groups to form a [(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2]2– sheet based on the phosphuranylite anion topology. Zig-zag edge-sharing chains of NaO6 octahedra link adjacent [(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2]2– sheets, forming thick slabs. NH4 bonds to O atoms in adjacent slabs linking them together. H2O groups occupy channels in the slabs and space between the slabs.
Adipokines and Their Receptors Are Widely Expressed and Distinctly Regulated by the Metabolic Environment in the Prostate of Male Mice: Direct Role Under Normal and Tumoral Conditions
Authors: Sarmento-Cabral André , L-López Fernando , Luque Raúl M
Published: August 2017

Adipose tissue–derived adipokines (i.e., leptin/adiponectin/resistin) play important roles in the regulation of several pathophysiologic processes through the activation of specific receptors. However, although adipokines and their receptors are widely distributed in many tissues and exhibit a clear modulation according to particular metabolic conditions (e.g., obesity and/or fasting), their expression, regulation, and putative action on normal prostate glands (PGs; a hormone-dependent organ tightly regulated by the endocrine-metabolic milieu) are still to be defined. Different in vivo/in vitro models were used to comprehensively characterize the expression pattern and actions of different adipokine systems (i.e., leptin/adiponectin/resistin/receptors) in mouse PGs. Adiponectin, resistin, and adiponectin receptors (1 and 2) and leptin receptor are coexpressed at different levels in PG cells, wherein they are finely regulated under fasting and/or obesity conditions. Furthermore, treatment with different adipokines exerted both homologous and heterologous regulation of specific adipokines/receptor-synthesis and altered the expression of key proliferation and oncogenesis markers (i.e., Ki67/c-Myc/p53) in mouse PG cell cultures, wherein some of these actions might be elicited through extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Moreover, treatment with leptin, adiponectin, and resistin differentially regulated key functional parameters [i.e., proliferation and migration capacity and/or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) secretion] in human normal and/or tumoral prostate cell lines. Altogether, our data show that various adipokine and receptor systems are differentially expressed in normal PG cells; that their expression is under a complex ligand- and receptor-selective regulation under extreme metabolic conditions; and that they mediate distinctive and common direct actions in normal and tumoral PG cells (i.e., homologous and heterologous regulation of ligand and receptor synthesis, ERK signaling activation, modulation of proliferation markers, proliferation and migration capacity, and PSA secretion), suggesting a relevant role of these systems in the regulation of PG pathophysiology.
Rare health conditions 3: albinism, Jeune syndrome and Cotard's syndrome
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this series is to highlight a range of rare health conditions. Rare health conditions are those that affect no more and usually less than 1 person in every 2000 and many HCAs and nurses will encounter some of these conditions, given the high number of these conditions. This third article will explore three of these conditions: albinism, Jeune syndrome and Cotard's syndrome.
The Petitions Committee and how a signature can lead to change
Authors: Smith Hannah
Published: August 2017

Hannah Smith, Second Year Student, MA Nursing (Adult), University of Salford, discusses her experience of visiting the Houses of Parliament and how petitions are changing health care
Caring for people who have dementia in the acute care setting
Authors: Mendes Aysha
Published: August 2017

Aysha Mendes, Freelance Journalist specialising in Health, Psychology and Nursing, delves into the specific challenges associated with caring for people with dementia in acute hospitals
From staff nurse to nurse consultant: Spiritual care part 5: Confucianism
Authors: Fowler John
Published: August 2017

John Fowler, Educational Consultant, explores the role of clinically based nurses in providing spiritual care to patients who identify with the principles of Confucianism
Seating of composite inlays with ultrasonic vibration
Authors: Walmsley A. Damien , Lumley Philip J.
Published: August 2017

The use of vibration enables the clinician to use high-viscosity luting agents when seating composite inlays and allows quick and efficient placement of the inlay. The film of composite luting agent is achieved in a much shorter time and with lower loads by ultrasonic vibration than using manual methods. In order to achieve a thin lute, the vibrations of the ultrasonic scaler must be directed perpendicular to the surface of the inlay.
A practical guide to antibiotic prophylaxis in restorative dentistry
Authors: Longman L.P. , Martin M.V.
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this paper is to review the principles and practicalities of antibiotic prophylaxis in medically compromised patients who require restorative dentistry. Guidelines for the management of patients who are susceptible to infection are given. The importance of oral health and the rational use of both local and systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis is described.
The influence of alveolar bone grafting on the orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment of patients with cleft lip and palate
Authors: Semb Gunvor , Ramstad Tore
Published: August 2017

The introduction of mixed dentition bone grafting of alveolar clefts means that the alveolar process can be fully restored, permitting adjacent teeth to migrate or be orthodontically moved into the grafted bone. Thus a complete dental arch can be obtained without prosthodontics in the great majority of patients. In addition, oral-nasal fistulae are closed, mucosal recesses eliminated (facilitating oral hygiene) and the long-term periodontal health of the teeth adjacent to the former cleft is improved. Alveolar bone grafting with subsequent orthodontic treatment, together with advances in dental materials, have contributed substantially to the care of patients with alveolar clefts, reducing the need for prosthodontic procedures and allowing completion of the dental treatment at an earlier age.
Book review
Authors: Rich Josef L.
Published: August 2017

Finance for the Terrified. By Mike Grace. BDJ, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants., 1998. (£ 19.95).
A prospective study of the prevalence of periapical pathology in severely worn teeth
Authors: Rees Jeremy S , Thomas M , Naik P
Published: August 2017

The aim of this article was to carry out a prospective audit on a convenience sample of all new patients referred to the toothwear clinic at Cardiff University Dental Hospital to establish the prevalence of undiagnosed periapical pathology.

Clinical Relevance: The low prevalence value for undiagnosed periapical pathology in patients with advanced toothwear suggests that, for many patients, toothwear is a slow process which allows the defence mechanisms of the pulp to counteract the effects of wear. It also questions the necessity of taking routine radiographs of teeth with wear into dentine, in the absence of clinical symptoms. This would reduce the total radiation dose delivered to the patient and preserve valuable healthcare resources.
Periodontal maintenance – overcoming the barriers
Authors: Fardal Øystein
Published: August 2017

Periodontal maintenance therapy is the most important stage of periodontal treatment, yet compliance is low. Overcoming the barriers associated with the low compliance involves a complex set of problems relating to the patient, the clinician and the interactions between them. It is therefore important to create a periodontal maintenance treatment programme which takes into consideration the needs of each individual patient. In addition, regional variations and differences in practice profiles are also factors to be accommodated in a maintenance programme.

Clinical Relevance: Good co-operation between the referring dentist and the specialist is required when recommendations are made to the patient regarding maintenance therapy.
Loss of deciduous teeth – is timing important to the gdp?
Authors: Nunn Rebekka , Murray Alison , Sandler PJ
Published: August 2017

On a daily basis, GDPs encounter patients with prematurely lost deciduous teeth or, conversely, deciduous teeth retained well past their accepted exfoliaton date. The timing of deciduous tooth loss impacts on many aspects of the developing occlusion. The aim of the article is both to describe this impact and also to set out guidelines which should assist the general dental practitioner in the decision of when to lose deciduous teeth.

Clinical Relevance: The timing of deciduous tooth loss is an important concept which, when outside the normal pattern, may have adverse or beneficial side-effects that general dental practitioners should fully understand.
Buprenorphine—an atypical opioid: All you need to know
Authors: Rees Sharon
Published: August 2017

The profile of buprenorphine is described, with a focus on its unique properties and clinical niche. The pharmacological principles determining the action, side effects and best practice are explained, including those for special populations, namely children, the elderly and in pregnancy. Advice for safe use for chronic pain, as well as for opioid substitution therapy is provided. Counselling strategies to support concordance and safety are given.
Surgical treatment of femoroacetabular impingement following slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Authors: Oduwole K. O. , de SA D. , Kay J. , Findakli F. , Duong A. , Simunovic N. , Yen Y-M. , Ayeni O. R.
Published: August 2017

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the existing literature from 2005 to 2016 reporting on the efficacy of surgical management of patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) secondary to slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE).

Methods

The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed were searched and screened in duplicate. Data such as patient demographics, surgical technique, surgical outcomes and complications were retrieved from eligible studies.

Results

Fifteen eligible level IV studies were included in this review comprising 261 patients (266 hips). Treatment groups included arthroscopic osteochondroplasty, surgical hip dislocation, and traditional open osteotomy. The mean alpha angle corrections were 32.14° (standard deviation (sd) 7.02°), 41.45° (sd 10.5°) and 6.0° (sd 5.21°), for arthroscopy, surgical hip dislocation, and open osteotomy groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Each group demonstrated satisfactory clinical outcomes across their respective scoring systems. Major complication rates were 1.6%, 10.7%, and 6.7%, for arthroscopy, surgical dislocation and osteotomy treatments, respectively.

Conclusion

In the context of SCFE-related FAI, surgical hip dislocation demonstrated improved correction of the alpha angle, albeit at higher complication and revision rates than both arthroscopic and open osteotomy treatments. Further investigation, including high-quality trials with standardised radiological and clinical outcome measures for young patients, is warranted to clarify treatment approaches and safety. Cite this article: K. O. Oduwole, D. de Sa, J. Kay, F. Findakli, A. Duong, N. Simunovic, Y. Yi-Meng, O. R. Ayeni. Surgical treatment of femoroacetabular impingement following slipped capital femoral epiphysis: A systematic review. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:472–480. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.68.BJR-2017-0018.R1.
Characterization and performance of agronomic characters of soybean genotypes resistant to pod shattering
Authors: KRISNAWATI AYDA , ADIE M. MUCHLISH
Published: August 2017

Krisnawati A, Adie MM. 2017. Characterization and performance of agronomic characters of soybean genotypes resistant to pod shattering. Biodiversitas 18: 1158-1164. Pod shattering is one of the major obstacles of soybean cultivation in Indonesiaâ€™s tropical climate. A total of 24 soybean genotypes, including Anjasmoro (check variety for pod-shatter resistant), Argomulyo and Grobogan (susceptible to pod shattering). The field experiment was conducted in Banyuwangi (East Java, Indonesia) during the dry season II 2016. The experimental design was randomized block, consisted of 24 soybean genotypes as sample trait with four replications. Pods from six random plants at physiological maturity (R8) were detached for pod shattering evaluation. The pod shattering evaluation was conducted in Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institutes (Malang, Indonesia) by using oven method and ambient temperature method. The classification of shattering resistance was according to Bailey et al. (1997) and Mohammed (2010), i.e. resistant (0-10% shattered pods), intermediate (11-70 % shattered pods) and susceptible (71-100% shattered pods). The average shattered pods of 24 genotypes by oven method reached 42.67%, higher than those of ambient method (21.81%). Six soybean genotypes showed consistently resistant to pod shattering based on oven as well as ambient method. Pods position at lower part was more susceptible to pod shattering than those at middle and upper part. The limit of pod shattering was ranging from two to 38 days. Genotype of G511H/Anjs/Anjs-1-2 which characterized by pod shatter resistant, produced high yield, and large seed size, was potentially developed at the tropical area, such as Indonesia.
Bycatch of sharks, marine mammals and seabirds in Indonesian Tuna Longline Fishery
Authors: ZAINUDIN IMAM MUSTHOFA , PATRIA MUFTI PETALA , RAHARDJO PRIYANTO , YASMAN YASMAN , GAUTAMA DWI ARIYOGA , PRAWIRA WAHYU TEGUH
Published: August 2017

Zainudin IM, Patria MP, Rahardjo P, Yasman, Gautama DA, Prawira WT. 2017. Bycatch of sharks, marine mammals and seabirds in Indonesian Tuna Longline Fishery. Biodiversitas 18: 1179-1189. Bycatch in longline fishery is recorded to be one of the major factors defining the declined populations of endangered marine species worldwide. This research aimed to identify bycatch level of sharks, marine mammals and seabirds as well as to pinpoint the mitigation options in Indonesian tuna longline fishery. In this study, a total of 8,564,858 hooks were observed from 5,622 gear settings in Indonesian tuna longline fishery based in two major fishing ports, namely Bitung Fishing Port-North Sulawesi and Benoa Port-Bali from May 2006 to June 2014. The results suggest that the best hook rate per thousand hooks in Indonesian tuna longline fisheries for shark bycatch was 0.2446, followed by 0.0030 for seabird bycatch, 0.0021 for dolphin bycatch and 0.0009 for whale bycatch. Seabirds largely acquired in the dead condition while the other species were found still alive (sharks and marine mammals). Bycatch of seabirds only occured in the vessels based in Benoa Bali, and the correlation value (R2) of sharks and seabirds caught at night time was low while for marine mammals was very strong. Deep setting system of fishing gears and night setting also proved to be more effective to reduce bycatch of those critical marine species.
Emotions, Remembering and Feeling Better
Authors: Reynaud Anne-Marie
Published: August 2017

As the largest class action suit in Canadian history, the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement (2007-2015) had a great impact on the lives of Aboriginal survivors across Canada. In a rare account exploring survivor perspectives, Anne-Marie Reynaud considers the settlement's reconciliatory aspiration in conjunction with the local reality for the Mitchikanibikok Inik First Nations in Quebec. Drawing from anthropological fieldwork, this carefully crafted book weaves survivor experiences of the financial compensations and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission together with current theorizing on emotions, memory, trauma and transitional justice.
Ein- und Ausgrenzungen von Migranten
Authors: Ulbricht Christian
Published: August 2017

Die öffentlichen Debatten über Einwanderung und Integration sind polarisierend - mehr denn je. Stets stellt sich die Frage, wie im Einwanderungsdiskurs legitim zwischen erwünschter und unerwünschter Einwanderung unterschieden wird. Christian Ulbrichts wissenssoziologische Studie liefert einen innovativen Beitrag zum liberalen Paradox und zeigt, wie vor dem Hintergrund des Menschenrechtsdiskurses eine rassistische Ein- und Ausgrenzung extrem rechtfertigungswürdig ist. Er verdeutlicht, dass sich die Frage nach der Erwünschtheit von Zuwanderung am Klassenmerkmal der Einwanderer_innen entscheidet: Die Einwanderer_innen werden als mobile Humankapitalträger_innen wahrgenommen, sodass ein Dualismus aus Mobilität vs. Migration entsteht.
Textil & Raum
Authors: Fehringer Kathrin
Published: August 2017

Madame Bovary (1857) ist nicht nur die Geschichte einer stickenden Heldin, die sich mit Romanlektüren, mit Text und Bild, buchstäblich vergiftet. Gustave Flaubert inszeniert seine Protagonistin auch in Anspielung auf berühmte Handarbeiterinnen wie Homers Penelope, Ovids Arachne und die Heilige Maria. Dabei werden nun die geschlossenen (Garten-)Räume bedeutsam, in denen diese Frauenfiguren in Kunst und Literatur klassischerweise gezeigt werden. Kathrin Fehringers Studie zeichnet nach, wie der Autor - in seinem eigenen Inklusorium bei Rouen schreibend - sein Erzählen ebenfalls als textile Handarbeit versteht und sich damit in seiner Heldin selbst zu erkennen gibt. In meisterhafter Ironie setzt er sich, konfrontiert mit einer durch neue Reproduktionsverfahren hervorgerufenen Flut von Bildern, in seinem »Buch über nichts«, wie er berühmterweise sagte, mit der Moderne auseinander.
Werte kreativer Arbeit
Authors: Robin Catherine
Published: August 2017

Arbeit soll heute kreativ sein: Das fordern sowohl Arbeitgebende als auch Arbeitnehmende. Doch was ist damit gemeint? Die aktuelle wissenschaftliche Debatte bewegt sich zwischen zwei Polen: Bedeutet Kreativität mehr Selbstverwirklichung in der eigenen Arbeit? Oder bedeutet Kreativität mehr unternehmerische Eigenverantwortung und erhöhten Leistungsdruck? Catherine Robins Studie bricht mit der Bipolarität und nimmt die Vielfalt kreativer Arbeitspraktiken ins Visier. Dabei zeigen sich alternative Lesarten: In der Alltäglichkeit entsteht eine Kreativität, die sich weder an Exklusivität noch am Markterfolg ausrichtet, sondern an der erfüllten Arbeit im Kleinen.
»Hate Speech« und Verletzbarkeit im digitalen Zeitalter
Authors: Eickelmann Jennifer
Published: August 2017

Die Debatten um Hate Speech im Internet zeugen von der Brisanz der Frage, welche Verletzungsmacht diffamierenden Adressierungen inhärent ist: Handelt es sich um einen rein zeichenhaften Ausdruck freier Rede oder um einen ›realen‹ Gewaltakt? Aus einer dualismuskritischen Perspektive entwickelt Jennifer Eickelmann ein Konzept mediatisierter Missachtung, das sich diesem Entweder-oder verweigert. Entlang materialreicher Analysen zeigt sie die Kontingenz dieser Kommunikationen im Spannungsfeld von Realität/Virtualität auf und legt dar, welche Bedeutung der Kategorie Gender und dem Medialen bei der Konstitution und Wirkmacht mediatisierter Missachtung zukommt.
Historical Cost and Conservatism Are Joint Adaptations That Help Identify Opportunity Cost
Authors: Basu Sudipta , Waymire Gregory B.
Published: August 2017

Braun (The ecological rationality of historical costs and conservatism. Accounting, Economics and Law: A Convivium, this issue) argues that the traditional accounting principles underlying the revenue-expense approach such as Historical Cost and Conservatism are ecologically rational in that they help organizations survive better in uncertain economic environments. More importantly, Braun argues that the revenue-expense approach generates new private information, which informs markets and makes them more effective (Hayek, 1945, The use of knowledge in society. The American Economic Review, 35(4), 519–530), as opposed to merely reflecting back market data under the asset-liability approach (e.g. Sunder, 2011, IFRS monopoly: The Pied Piper of financial reporting. Accounting and Business Research, 41(3), 291–306). We try to explicate the nature of the new private information generated jointly by Historical Cost and Conservatism, and how this information facilitates the survival of individual entrepreneurs and organizations in market competition.
On the General and Measurable Solutions of some Functional Equations
Authors: Nath Prem , Singh Dhiraj Kumar
Published: August 2017

The general solutions of two functional equations, without imposing any regularity condition on any of the functions appearing, have been obtained. From these general solutions, the Lebesgue measurable solutions have been deduced by assuming the function(s) to be measurable in the Lebesgue sense.