bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Galilee Day Program: Alternative education and training strategies for young people in substitute care
Authors: Long Robert
Published: March 2016

Comprehensive research undertaken in 1995 and 1997 clearly establishes the educational needs of at-risk young people. Research by Webber and Hayduk (Leaving School Early) and Brooks et al (NYARS report Under-age School Leaving) establishes indicators contributing to under-age school leaving which are discussed in relation to the responsibility of schools in meeting the needs of at-risk students. Without revisiting the tenets of the deschooling movement which have been canvassed in detail in the pages of many books and education journals, the discussion explores the validity of alternative models to mainstream schooling. The paper assumes a certain inability of schooling to meet the needs of at-risk student; indeed it could be argued that the purpose of schooling generates and selects at-risk students. In a schooling culture which propagates the ideology of integration, the paper suggests the validity of an alternative and exclusion-based model of education. One such model has been established in 1997 in the Australian Capital Territory and this alternative education program is evaluated.
On the subject of children: Children are the best people to tell us what is wrong with child welfare
Authors: Goddard Chris
Published: March 2016

Family planning is still a problem for some countries and organizations. In other countries, where there is a general decline infertility and families become smaller, childhood is changing. Where families are wealthy enough, childhood and education lengthen. The WorldForum’98: Justice for Children, held in Manila in November, gave Filipino children the opportunity to say what needs to change. The agenda produced by them is a model that other agencies in other countries could usefully follow.
What makes good outcomes for children in foster care?
Authors: Leahy Roslyn , Little Claerwen , Mondy Linda , Nixon Dianne
Published: March 2016

This article describes one agency’s strategies in developing benchmarks for best practice outcomes in fostering. Workers have used current literature, research and reports to identify optimum outcomes, and have then compared the performance of their own foster care program to these points. Future directions and current needs in research in this area are identified.
Looking into the Philippine foster care experience: Trends and challenges
Authors: Pangan Angela Maria
Published: March 2016

The Filipino family, the fundamental unit of Philippine society, is confronted with pressures of a rapidly changing society. Over the past decades, there have been significant changes in its composition, size, structure, support systems and organization arising from demographic, social and economic changes. Poverty and rapid social change have created stress situations that affect the family’s ability to perform its function of caring and nurturing of children. Of particular concern is the displacement of families arising from rural-urban migration, high unemployment and underemployment and overseas employment. Such displacement has contributed to family instability and disorganization as manifested in reported increases in child abandonment, abuse and neglect, street children, prostitution and family violence involving children as victims.
Mental health consultation: Stages in the consultation process
Authors: Luntz Jennifer J.
Published: March 2016

This is the second of two articles that present theoretical issues concerning mental health consultation. The first article looked at the question of what consultation is and how it differs from related processes such as supervision, therapy and staff development (Luntz 1999). This paper uses Kadushin’s six stage framework for social work consultation to look at some common issues which confront consultants in the process of mental health consultation as they establish, maintain and terminate consultative relationships with agencies and workers, giving an account of some of the complex issues which bedevil each of the stages.
Through the wall: An address to practitioners at a forum on the Working Together Strategy
Authors: McDonald Paul
Published: March 2016

This address was given at a forum in November J999 for practitioners in the juvenile justice, alcohol and drug, mental health and child protection services in Victoria as part of the Department of Human Services’ Working Together Strategy’ (WTS). The WTS is a quality improvement initiative of the DHS in partnership with adolescent mental health and drug treatment service providers.

WTS provides an organisational framework for the Community Care Division, the Aged, Community and Mental Health Division and the Public Health Division (specifically in reference to the mental health, child protection and care, juvenile justice and drug treatment services programs) to achieve better outcomes for shared clients. WTS is a response to perceived deficits in cross-program collaboration and communication in cases involving high need adolescent clients.
The client as citizen: Self-determination and empowerment through the group experience
Authors: Coull Victor
Published: March 2016

This paper describes the process and outcome of a self-help group involving six parents, and then proceeds to analyse the self-help group as a polity.

This analysis of the self-help group incorporates the notion of the parents as citizens who act and make decisions as a group or social polity. Concepts of generalised exchange and justice which have integral roles in social action within a polity are applied within the analysis.

These concepts are used to explain the personal growth of parents as citizens demonstrated through their participation in the self-help group as a social polity and in their social functioning within the community.

The paper argues that by promoting the clients’ citizenship development, the process facilitates their participation within the community and contributes to improved social functioning and self-determination.
Avoiding saying too much: The complexity of relationships between permanent parents and social workers
Authors: O’Neill Cas
Published: March 2016

Relationships between social workers and foster care, permanent care and adoptive parents are based on a combination ofknowledge, power, partnership and support, the ‘mix’ of which is likely to change over time. Different interpretations of what each side contributes to these relationships during assessment and post-placement contact, add to the complexity which parents and workers negotiate.

In a longitudinal research project on support in permanent placements, avoiding saying too much was an important part of these relationships. ‘Good’ and ‘bad’ parenting, expectations, blame, physical punishment and not coping are just some of the issues which were not spoken about.

This article explores the gap between the things which can be said and the things which are rarely said, and looks at how this gap affects relationships between fami lies and workers.
Personal safety curriculum in junior primary classrooms: Are teachers teaching it?
Authors: Whiteside Sarah
Published: March 2016

Previous studies have revealed that the teaching of personal safety strategies to children is spasmodic and selective, avoiding vital information that would help children to identify and report sexual abuse. In this study a questionnaire was used to explore the views of 33 South Australian junior primary teachers regarding the teaching of personal safety to children.

Results showed that most of the participating teachers claimed to teach some personal safety skills, using a variety of materials and methods, but it would appear that they concentrated on ‘safe’ topics such as road safety and avoided topics relating to child sexual abuse and violence. It was also found that 50% had not undertaken any training within the last two years even though the overwhelming majority felt that further training was required in order to teach topics effectively. This suggested that motivation for teaching personal safety was low. These and other findings are discussed and recommendations for greater emphasis on training of teachers and further research into this area are made.
Practitioner perspectives on performance assessment in family support services
Authors: Healy Karen E. , Meagher Gabrielle A.
Published: March 2016

This paper reports some results of a study of practitioners’ perspectives on performance assessment in the field of family support services. Existing empirical work on performance assessment emphasises the perspectives offunders and/or service users. However, practitioners are a key stakeholder in both service delivery and assessment, and consideration of how this group approaches and appropriates performance assessment can maximize its effectiveness, and ensure the incorporation of their practice-based knowledge about service delivery and outcomes. We find that family support workers are committed to understanding the effectiveness of their work, and use a variety of means to attempt to evaluate their own effectiveness. However, these means are rarely systematic, andare unlikely to provide data useful for measures of service economy and efficiency. This may be because their practice consists of processes to which conventional evaluation techniques are ill-suited. The challenge for providers of social services is to find ways to assess the caring work at the heart of their practice in ways which are ‘legible’ to all stakeholders, including government flinders.
Giving children a sporting chance
Authors: Hoare Claire
Published: March 2016

A camera pans slowly across the crowd of spectators early one winter’s morning. As parents smile, indulgently cheering every passage of play, very young footballers of no more than six years of age strive their hardest. The children fumble, they trip, stumble and often miss the ball completely. An avuncular voice-over extols these halcyon days of blossoming friendships and burgeoning attitudes, asserting that such experiences will forge lifelong memories for those most actively involved … and for the children too.
Foster carers in New South Wales: Profile and projections based on ABS Census data
Authors: Siminski Peter , Chalmers Jenny , McHugh Marilyn
Published: March 2016

Administrative data on foster carers in New South Wales (NSW) are sadly lacking. Based on research commissioned by the NSW Department of Community Services, this paper uses the Australian Bureau of Statistics Census of Population and Housing and other data to provide up-to-date information on the characteristics of foster carers and the demographic trends that are influencing their numbers. Census data indicate that foster carer families are most likely to contain women aged 35–54 years, not in the labour force. Couples account for two-thirds of all foster carers, with the majority of those couples also caring for birth children. While single parents account for less than one-fifth of all foster carers, they are more likely to foster than couples, either with or without birth children. Higher rates of fostering were found in relatively disadvantaged areas. Projected increases in female labour force participation are expected to contribute to a decline (or to slower growth) in the number of foster carers over the next decade. However, projected increases in sole parent families and couples without children are expected to have the opposite effect. The relative magnitude of these effects was not ascertained.
Children as decision makers
Authors: Vicary David , Tennant Judy , Maria Jade Santa , Wadley Sarah
Published: March 2016

Involving children and young people in planning, decision making and the evaluation of services and programs inevitably raises the eyebrows of adults working in the areas of service delivery, program development and policy formulation. Some adults may question young people’s ability to see the ‘big picture’ and to make decisions, and even their right to be engaged in the first place. In challenging these ideas, the Western Australian Office for Children and Youth established a Children’s Advisory Group (CAG) in 2004 – the first of its kind to be created within the Western Australia Government, and one of the first such groups to be set up in Australia.

The current Children’s Advisory Group (CAG) is a diverse group often primary school children aged 9-12 years from the Perth metropolitan area. They are actively involved in all aspects of the Office’s operation. The CAG has been evaluated throughout its inaugural year of operation, both in terms of process and impact, and has been found to have a significant impact upon government policy and practice. This paper will outline the process for the establishment and implementation of a CAG and the evaluation of a CAG on government policy. It will highlight evaluation findings and discuss future directions.
Constructs of childhood: Constructs of self
Authors: Sorin Reesa , Galloway Greta
Published: March 2016

Notions of childhood have been debated through time and place. This paper works from the understanding of childhood as an adult imposed, socially constructed and culturally transmitted concept. This paper provides a typology often ways in which adults construct children and childhood. The authors assert that in the process of defining children, adults necessarily and simultaneously define their own position/s in relation to children. Thus for each of the ten constructs of childhood, the authors present ten types of relationship adults consciously or unconsciously impose upon themselves when they work from these constructions. The authors intend that the typology presented creates a beginning tool for conscious, critical reflection of how we are perceiving children and how this perception may drive our work and relationships with them. It may also provide a reflective tool for imagining working differently with children in ways which better serve them (and us!).
Towards a better life: Volunteer work with families who are substance abusing
Authors: Leece Lesley
Published: March 2016

This article presents the findings of a study into the effectiveness of trained volunteers working with families where substance abuse was identified as an issue. The study was initiated by Mater Family Support (now known as Mater Parent Aide Unit), Mater Health Services, Brisbane, and funded by the Commonwealth Department of Family and Community Services (now known as the Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs). The goals of the study were to begin to understand the effectiveness of volunteer Parent Aide services that have been provided to myriad client groups over many years. The findings demonstrate that the services are valued by this particular target group. This is summed up in the words of one participant who said, ‘Government has to fund this for more people because there are so many people I know who could use it, but haven’t been offered the chance’. Replication of the study with other client groups will further enhance understanding of volunteer service provider effectiveness.
Measuring the cost of leaving care in Victoria
Authors: Forbes Catherine , Inder Brett , Raman Sunitha
Published: March 2016

On any given night in Victoria, around 4,000 children and young people live under the care and protection of the State. For many young people, this care extends over a long period of time, sometimes until their 18th birthday. It is well documented that young people leaving State care often lack the social and economic resources to assist them in making the transition into independent living. As a consequence, the long-term life outcomes from this group are frequently very poor. A recent report from the Centre for Excellence in Child and Family Welfare in partnership with Monash University estimated that, for a typical cohort of 450 young people who leave care in Victoria each year, the direct cost to the State resulting from these poor outcomes is $332.5 million. The estimated average outcomes of the leaving care population are based on a recent survey involving sixty young people who had spent at least two years in care as teenagers. This paper provides an overview of the economic methodology used to estimate this cost, and provides discussion of the motivation for measuring outcomes in terms of costs to the State.
Adoption in Australia: Review and reflection
Authors: Hansen Patricia , Ainsworth Frank
Published: March 2016

In Australia the rate of local or ‘known’ child adoptions is very low. Figures from the US and the UK (England only) are presented to highlight this issue. Adoptions from State ‘care’ are especially low compared with these other countries. This article explores public and professional commentary that may have contributed to the decline in the use of adoptions in Australia. Given that adoption offers the most permanent alternative care arrangement, suggestions are then made as to how adoption might become a more frequently used route out of State care for some Australian children.
The Family Support Innovation Projects in Victoria: A progress report from Ballarat Family Services
Authors: Clout Peter , Clout Sue , Apps Jenny , Cook Jacinta
Published: March 2016

Ballarat Family Services is the service that has evolved in Ballarat, Victoria as a result of a Department of Human Services initiative, the Family Support Innovation Projects. More than two years after the commencement of the program, Ballarat Family Services is leading a major re-orientation of the service system for families who have borderline involvement with the statutory Child Protection system. This re-orientation involves all parts of the service system, including the nature of the collaborative relationships between non-government agencies and the statutory Child Protection Agency. It has also led to Ballarat Family Services revisiting the nature and purpose of the practice of family support work. This paper will give an overview of the development of Ballarat Family Services and go on to outline the lessons learned in practice, placing them in the context of current theory and research.
‘If we get the mums and kids in, we are doing well’: Father absence in the context of child welfare: A review of the literature
Authors: Fleming Joe
Published: March 2016

This article looks at the area of father absence in child welfare, which is a growing topic of interest in Australia and elsewhere. Based on the author’s PhD research undertaken so far, the article provides a brief overview of the literature surrounding the area of father absence in child welfare. This literature review is an attempt to highlight current key practice issues that workers and managers may face when delivering services to families.
National Leaving Care Survey and Research Study: Funded by Australian Research Alliance for Children & Youth
Authors: London Zoe , Moslehuddin Badal , Mendes Philip , Cashmore Judy
Published: March 2016

Australian child protection services have been slower than some of their overseas counterparts, such as the United Kingdom, to recognise the need for specific services for young people leaving care. The last 10 years, however, have seen a body of research into the needs of young people leaving care in various Australian States, with the resulting establishment of specific services in some States. As each State is governed by different Acts that regulate the services provided to young people in care, the development of new services has, of necessity, been on a state by state basis, with little or no coordination or consistency of service provision across Australia.
Women Caring for Children at Home: Challenges for family and child welfare practice
Authors: Moore Sharon
Published: March 2016

Caring is the central activity for many women who care for children with disabilities and other dependent relatives and it circumscribes virtually all of the other activities they carry out. This paper will compare the daily experiences of such women (who have been participants in the author’s recent research into home-based care) with what has been written in social work literature about women who ‘care’.
The Family Group Conference: A new paradigm for making decisions about children and young people
Authors: Maxwell Gabrielle M , Morris Allison
Published: March 2016

The involvement of the State In the lives of children, young people and their families has taken a new turn in New Zealand since 1989. Now when a child or young person is in need of care or protection or had offended, matters are resolved with their participation and with the participation of their family. At the heart of the new system is the Family Group Conference which is a new forum for consensus decision-making and which is potentially adaptable to different cultural practices. Institutionalisation of the young has been drastically reduced. Families remain a part of the lives of their children. However practice problems remain, goals of cultural appropriateness have not always been achieved and services have not always been made available to enhance the wellbeing of children and young people or to strengthen their families.
Client Participation - Beyond the Rhetoric
Authors: Ban Paul
Published: March 2016

Recent developments in the statutory family and child welfare field have led to the active promotion of the idea of partnership in the relationship between client families and social workers. This article highlights the international trend of client participation, and while supporting the principle, shows that there are significant obstacles to be overcome before social workers can move beyond the rhetoric.
Meeting the Needs of Women through Workshop Weekends
Authors: Cole Margaret
Published: March 2016

‘From childhood on, women’s moral sense emphasises caring for others. This orientation to the experiences, needs and wishes of others leads women to attend to and nurture other human beings and to provide them with what has become known as “social support”’ (Belle, 1982). This provision of crucial support is often at a cost to the women involved. This paper describes a community outreach project which has been running for nine years with the primary aim of renewing and reinforcing women’s feelings of self worth. The project involves twice-yearly residential weekends attended by an average of one hundred and twenty women. The history and evolution of the groups and some possible reasons why they work will be discussed.
Denmark : The Child Citizenship Project
Authors: Poulsgaard Kirsten
Published: March 2016

“The child citizenship project” is a thrilling experiment which has taken place for over a year in five Danish municipalities. The objective is to give the fellow citizens a better chance of being actively involved in local activities. There is a desire for letting the children exercise an influence on all aspects of their everyday life. They should be given larger possibilities to be heard and to have a voice in planning, the contents and the implementation of activities. In these processes, the children should become visible as fellow citizens. One of the most important functions of the whole project is the dialogue between child and adult.
Spacewatch Astrometry and Photometry of Near-Earth Objects
Authors: McMillan Robert S. , Larsen Jeffrey A. , Bressi Terrence H. , Scotti James V. , Mastaler Ronald A. , Tubbiolo Andrew F.
Published: March 2016

The Spacewatch Project uses four telescopes of apertures 0.9-m, 1.8-m, 2.3-m, and 4-m on Kitt Peak mountain in Arizona for followup astrometry of priority NEOs. Objects as faint as V=23 on the MPC's NEO Confirmation Page, targets of radar, potential impactors, targets of spacecraft observations or visits, and PHAs with future close approaches to Earth receive priority for astrometry.
NELIOTA: ESA's new NEO lunar impact monitoring project with the 1.2m telescope at the National Observatory of Athens
Authors: Bonanos A. Z. , Xilouris M. , Boumis P. , Bellas-Velidis I. , Maroussis A. , Dapergolas A. , Fytsilis A. , Charmandaris V. , Tsiganis K. , Tsinganos K.
Published: March 2016

NELIOTA is a new ESA activity launched at the National Observatory of Athens in February 2015 aiming to determine the distribution and frequency of small near-earth objects (NEOs) via lunar monitoring. The project involves upgrading the 1.2m Kryoneri telescope of the National Observatory of Athens, building a two fast-frame camera instrument, and developing a software system, which will control the telescope and the cameras, process the images and automatically detect NEO impacts. NELIOTA will provide a web-based user interface, where the impact events will be reported and made available to the scientific community and the general public. The objective of this 3.5 year activity is to design, develop and implement a highly automated lunar monitoring system, which will conduct an observing campaign for 2 years in search of NEO impact flashes on the Moon. The impact events will be verified, characterised and reported. The 1.2m telescope will be capable of detecting flashes much fainter than current, small-aperture, lunar monitoring telescopes. NELIOTA is therefore expected to characterise the frequency and distribution of NEOs weighing as little as a few grams.
Failure mode diagram of rubble pile asteroids: Application to (25143) asteroid Itokawa
Authors: Hirabayashi Masatoshi , Scheeres Daniel J.
Published: March 2016

Proposing a diagram which shows the variation in asteroidal failure as a function of a spin period, later called the failure mode diagram, this paper considers the failure modes and conditions of asteroid (25143) Itokawa. This diagram is useful to describe when and where failure occurs in an asteroid. Assuming that Itokawa is homogeneous, we use a plastic finite element code to obtain the diagram for this object. The results show that if the bulk cohesive strength is less than 0.1 Pa, Itokawa experiences compressional failure on the neck surface at the current spin period 12.1 hours. At a spin period shorter than 4.5 hours, tension across the neck causes this asteroid to split into two components. It is also found that if the breakup spin period is longer than 5.2 hours, their motion is bounded. This implies that once Itokawa splits, the components may escape from one another.
ATLAS: Big Data in a Small Package?
Authors: Denneau Larry
Published: March 2016

For even small astronomy projects, the petabyte scale is now upon us. The Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (Tonry 2011) will survey the entire visible sky from Hawaii multiple times per night to search for near-Earth asteroids on impact trajectories. While the ATLAS optical system is modest by modern astronomical standards — two 0.5 m F/2.0 telescopes — each night the ATLAS system will measure nearly 109 astronomical sources to a photometric accuracy of <5%, totaling 1012 individual observations over its initial 3-year mission. This ever-growing dataset must be searched in real-time for moving objects and transients then archived for further analysis, and alerts for newly discovered near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) disseminated within tens of minutes from detection. ATLAS's all-sky coverage ensures it will discover many ‘rifle shot’ near-misses moving rapidly on the sky as they shoot past the Earth, so the system will need software to automatically detect highly-trailed sources and discriminate them from the thousands of low-Earth orbit (LEO) and geosynchronous orbit (GEO) satellites ATLAS will see each night. Additional interrogation will identify interesting phenomena from millions of transient sources per night beyond the solar system. The data processing and storage requirements for ATLAS demand a ‘big data’ approach typical of commercial internet enterprises. We describe our experience in deploying a nimble, scalable and reliable data processing infrastructure, and suggest ATLAS as steppingstone to data processing capability needed as we enter the era of LSST.
Minor Planet Center: data processing challenges
Authors: Rudenko Michael
Published: March 2016

The Minor Planet Center receives up to several million astrometric observations of minor planets and comets each month. Given the volume of observations, the sheer number of known objects against which to possibly match, the shortness of the time interval over which each object was likely observed, and the uncertainties in the positions, and occasionally possible errors in times, reported, a number of data processing challenges present themselves. These include: Identifying observations of objects reported as new with already known objects; linking together sets of observations from different nights which may belong to the same object; determining if a set of observations has been assigned to the wrong object; determining if an object with a very short arc is possibly a Near-Earth object; prioritizing newly discovered objects in order of need of follow up; and, efficiently matching one or more observations with known objects.
Lessons from the Chelyabinsk event
Authors: Emel'yanenko Vacheslav V.
Published: March 2016

Recent investigations on small asteroids, initiated by the Chelyabinsk event, are reviewed. New estimates of the terrestrial impact rate, importance of Sun-grazing conditions in the evolution of near-Earth objects, and problems associated with dangerous objects approaching the Earth from the Sun direction are discussed.
Chang'e-2 spacecraft observations of asteroid 4179 Toutatis
Authors: Ji Jianghui , Jiang Yun , Zhao Yuhui , Wang Su , Yu Liangliang
Published: March 2016

On 13 December 2012, Chang'e-2 completed a successful flyby of the near-Earth asteroid 4179 Toutatis at a closest distance of 770 meters from the asteroid's surface. The observations show that Toutatis has an irregular surface and its shape resembles a ginger-root of a smaller lobe (head) and a larger lobe (body). Such bilobate shape is indicative of a contact binary origin for Toutatis. In addition, the high-resolution images better than 3 meters provide a number of new discoveries about this asteroid, such as an 800-meter depression at the end of the large lobe, a sharply perpendicular silhouette near the neck region, boulders, indicating that Toutatis is probably a rubble-pile asteroid. Chang'e-2 observations have significantly revealed new insights into the geological features and the formation and evolution of this asteroid. In final, we brief the future Chinese asteroid mission concept.
Dealing with uncertainties in asteroid deflection demonstration missions: NEOTωIST
Authors: Eggl Siegfried , Hestroffer Daniel , Cano Juan L. , Ávila Javier Martín , Drube Line , Harris Alan W. , Falke Albert , Johann Ulrich , Engel Kilian , Schwartz Stephen R. , Michel Patrick
Published: March 2016

Deflection missions to near-Earth asteroids will encounter non-negligible uncertainties in the physical and orbital parameters of the target object. In order to reliably assess future impact threat mitigation operations such uncertainties have to be quantified and incorporated into the mission design. The implementation of deflection demonstration missions offers the great opportunity to test our current understanding of deflection relevant uncertainties and their consequences, e.g., regarding kinetic impacts on asteroid surfaces. In this contribution, we discuss the role of uncertainties in the NEOTωIST asteroid deflection demonstration concept, a low-cost kinetic impactor design elaborated in the framework of the NEOShield project. The aim of NEOTωIST is to change the spin state of a known and well characterized near-Earth object, in this case the asteroid (25143) Itokawa. Fast events such as the production of the impact crater and ejecta are studied via cube-sat chasers and a flyby vehicle. Long term changes, for instance, in the asteroid's spin and orbit, can be assessed using ground based observations. We find that such a mission can indeed provide valuable constraints on mitigation relevant parameters. Furthermore, the here proposed kinetic impact scenarios can be implemented within the next two decades without threatening Earth's safety.
Asteroid Family Identification: History and State of the Art
Authors: Knežević Zoran
Published: March 2016

The history of asteroid families, from their discovery back in 1918, until the present time, is briefly reviewed. Two threads have been followed: on the development of the theories of asteroid motion and the computation of proper elements, and on the methods of classification themselves. Three distinct periods can be distinguished: the first one until mid-1930s, devoted to discovery and first attempts towards understanding of the properties of families; the second one, until early 1980s, characterized by a growing understanding of their importance as key evidence of the collisional evolution; the third one, characterized by an explosion of work and results, comprises the contemporary era. An assessment is given of the state-of-the-art and possible directions for the future effort, focusing on the dynamical studies, and on improvements of classification methods to cope with ever increasing data set.
Studies for slowly rotating asteroids (168) Sibylla and (346) Hermentaria
Authors: Wang Xiaobin , Muinonen Karri , Han Xianming L. , Kwok Chi-Tai
Published: March 2016

Studies for spin parameters and shapes of asteroids provide us with important information about the interior structure of asteroids and the physical processes they have undergone. A large sample of basic physical parameters can help us also understand the evolution of asteroids. There is scarce information for slowly-rotating larger asteroids because more effort is required for observing them. Because of this, we have established an international collaboration to study slowly-rotating asteroids. As the first step of this project, we have observed asteroids (168) Sibylla and (346) Hermentaria in 2014 and 2015 using several telescopes located in China, Chile, and U.S.A. Combining previous photometric data with our new data, we have performed preliminary analyses and obtained spin parameters and shapes with their uncertainties for these two slowly-rotating asteroids for the first time, using the convex inversion method and the virtual photometry Monte Carlo method. A pair of pole solutions for (168) Sibylla are found around (4.3°, 53.5°) and (183.5°, 52.6°) with a period of 47.0000 h. We have found that the shape of Sibylla resembles an oblate spheroid. For (346) Hermentaria, we have also found a pair of pole solutions around (134.5°, 16.7°) and (321.5°, 14.5°) with comparable rms-values with a spin period of about 17.79000 h, and a shape resembling a prolate spheroid.
The Pan-STARRS search for Near Earth Objects
Authors: Wainscoat Richard , Chambers Ken , Lilly Eva , Weryk Robert , Chastel Serge , Denneau Larry , Micheli Marco
Published: March 2016

The two Pan-STARRS telescopes, located on Haleakala, Maui, Hawaii, are 1.8-meter diameter telescopes equipped with 1.4 Gigapixel cameras that deliver 7 square degree fields-of-view. The first of these telescopes, Pan-STARRS1, is conducting a search for Near Earth Objects, and is currently the leading discoverer of Near Earth Objects. The second telescope, Pan-STARRS2, is nearing the end of its commissioning, and is becoming more productive.

Pan-STARRS has become the leading survey for Near Earth Objects, responsible for approximately half of the NEO discoveries to date in 2015. Pan-STARRS is also the leading discoverer of new comets.
Multiple origins of asteroid pairs
Authors: Jacobson Seth A.
Published: March 2016

Rotationally fissioned asteroids produce unbound asteroid pairs that have very similar heliocentric orbits. Backward integration of their current heliocentric orbits provides an age of closest proximity that can be used to date the rotational fission event. Most asteroid pairs follow a predicted theoretical relationship between the primary spin period and the mass ratio of the two pair members that is a direct consequence of the YORP-induced rotational fission hypothesis. If the progenitor asteroid has strength, asteroid pairs may have higher mass ratios or faster rotating primaries. However, the process of secondary fission leaves the originally predicted trend unaltered. We also describe the characteristics of pair members produced by four alternative routes from a rotational fission event to an asteroid pair. Unlike direct formation from the event itself, the age of closest proximity of these pairs cannot generally be used to date the rotational fission event since considerable time may have passed.
Triggering Comet-Like Activity of Main Belt Comets
Authors: Haghighipour N. , Maindl T. I. , Schäfer C. , Speith R. , Dvorak R.
Published: March 2016

Main Belt Comets (MBCs) have attracted a great deal of interest since their identification as a new class of bodies by Hsieh and Jewitt in 2006. Much of this interest is due to the implication that MBC activity is driven by the sublimation of volatile material (presumed to be water-ice) presenting these bodies as probable candidates for the delivery of a significant fraction of Earth's water. Results of the studies of the dynamics of MBCs suggest that these objects might have formed in-situ as the remnants of the break-up of large icy asteroids. Simulations also show that collisions among MBCs and small objects could have played an important role in triggering the cometary activity of these bodies. Such collisions might have exposed sub-surface water-ice which sublimated and created thin atmospheres and tails around MBCs. In order to drive the effort of understanding the nature of the activation of MBCs, we have investigated these collision processes by simulating the impacts in detail using a smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approach that includes material strength and fracture models. We have carried out simulations for a range of impact velocities and angles, allowing m-sized impactors to erode enough of an MBC's surface to expose volatiles and trigger its activation. Impact velocities were varied between 0.5 km/s and 5.3 km/s, and the projectile radius was chosen to be 1 m. As expected, we observe significantly different crater depths depending on the impact energy, impact angle, and MBC's material strength. Results show that for all values of impact velocity and angle, crater depths are only a few meters, implying that if the activity of MBCs is due to the sublimation of water-ice, ice has to exist in no deeper than a few meters from the surface. We present details of our simulations and discuss the implications of their results.
Macht Burnout Menschen ärgerlicher als Depression?
Authors: Bahlmann Johannes , Schomerus Georg , Angermeyer Matthias C. , Freyberger Harald J.
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Analyse war es, herauszufinden welche emotionalen Reaktionen mit einer Fallvignette Depression und deren Einschätzung als Burnout oder Depression verbunden sind. Datengrundlage war eine Bevölkerungsumfrage in Deutschland aus dem Jahr 2011. Die Bezeichnung einer Depression als Depression war mit stärkerer Angst und Unbehagen, jedoch mit weniger Unverständnis verbunden. Die Bezeichnung als Burnout war mit einem stärkeren Bedürfnis zu helfen sowie mit weniger Verunsicherung, Genervtsein und Unverständnis verbunden. Weiterhin ergaben die Analysen, dass es bei Erwerbstätigen zu größerer Verunsicherung führt, wenn sie das Problem Depression, und zu größerem Mitleid führt, wenn sie das Problem Burnout genannt haben. Insgesamt zeigt die vorliegende Arbeit, dass die emotionalen Reaktionen eher positiver sind, wenn das Problem Burnout genannt wird und eher negativer sind, wenn es Depression genannt wird. Wir diskutieren mögliche Ursachen für diese Unterschiede.
Die Bedeutung des sozialen Milieus bei Jugendlichen mit externalisierenden Verhaltensauffälligkeiten
Authors: Biermann Henrike , Belhadj Kouider Esmahan , Lorenz Alfred L. , Dupont Marc , Petermann Franz
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung. Die vorliegende Studie geht der Frage nach, ob externalisierende Störungen spezifischen sozialen Belastungsfaktoren zugrunde liegen und überprüft damit die Bedeutung von sozialen Risikofaktoren. Die Untersuchung umfasst N = 1611 Jugendliche im Alter zwischen 12 und 18 Jahren, die in kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Institutionen des Klinikverbundes Bremen in den Jahren 2010–2012 behandelt wurden und analysiert n = 436 Jugendliche mit einer Diagnose im Bereich der F 90 (Hyperkinetische Störungen), F 91 (Störung des Sozialverhaltens) sowie F 92 (Kombinierte Störung des Sozialverhaltens und der Emotionen) nach ICD-10. Binäre logistische Regressionsanalysen zeigen auf, dass das soziale Umgebungsmilieu, in Form der sozialen Benachteiligungswerte der Bremer Stadtteile, einen Prädiktor für externalisierende Störungsbilder darstellt. Ein weiterer bedeutsamer Risikofaktor für externalisierende Verhaltensstörungen bildet bei den Jugendlichen außerdem elterliche Vernachlässigung. Die Befunde stimmen mit entwicklungspathologischen Erkenntnissen überein und werden abschließend mit Hinweisen auf zukünftige Forschung sowie mögliche Implikationen für die Praxis diskutiert.
Half of Atmospheric Joule Heating Is Due to Small Oscillations
Authors: Higginson Aleida
Published: March 2016

Scientists use sounding rockets to show that small oscillations in electric fields can be just as important for atmospheric Joule heating as the presence of the electric field itself.
Current research on pharmacologic and regenerative therapies for osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ouyang Hongwei , Dass Crispin R , Xu Jiake
Published: March 2016

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder commonly encountered in clinical practice, and is the leading cause of disability in elderly people. Due to the poor self-healing capacity of articular cartilage and lack of specific diagnostic biomarkers, OA is a challenging disease with limited treatment options. Traditional pharmacologic therapies such as acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and opioids are effective in relieving pain but are incapable of reversing cartilage damage and are frequently associated with adverse events. Current research focuses on the development of new OA drugs (such as sprifermin/recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-18, tanezumab/monoclonal antibody against β-nerve growth factor), which aims for more effectiveness and less incidence of adverse effects than the traditional ones. Furthermore, regenerative therapies (such as autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), new generation of matrix-induced ACI, cell-free scaffolds, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells or iPSCs), and endogenous cell homing) are also emerging as promising alternatives as they have potential to enhance cartilage repair, and ultimately restore healthy tissue. However, despite currently available therapies and research advances, there remain unmet medical needs in the treatment of OA. This review highlights current research progress on pharmacologic and regenerative therapies for OA including key advances and potential limitations.
Stereocilia-staircase spacing is influenced by myosin III motors and their cargos espin-1 and espin-like
Authors: Ebrahim Seham , Avenarius Matthew R. , Grati M’hamed , Krey Jocelyn F. , Windsor Alanna M. , Sousa Aurea D. , Ballesteros Angela , Cui Runjia , Millis Bryan A. , Salles Felipe T. , Baird Michelle A. , Davidson Michael W. , Jones Sherri M. , Choi Dongseok , Dong Lijin , Raval Manmeet H. , Yengo Christopher M. , Barr-Gillespie Peter G. , Kachar Bechara
Published: March 2016

Hair cells tightly control the dimensions of their stereocilia, which are actin-rich protrusions with graded heights that mediate mechanotransduction in the inner ear. Two members of the myosin-III family, MYO3A and MYO3B, are thought to regulate stereocilia length by transporting cargos that control actin polymerization at stereocilia tips. We show that eliminating espin-1 (ESPN-1), an isoform of ESPN and a myosin-III cargo, dramatically alters the slope of the stereocilia staircase in a subset of hair cells. Furthermore, we show that espin-like (ESPNL), primarily present in developing stereocilia, is also a myosin-III cargo and is essential for normal hearing. ESPN-1 and ESPNL each bind MYO3A and MYO3B, but differentially influence how the two motors function. Consequently, functional properties of different motor-cargo combinations differentially affect molecular transport and the length of actin protrusions. This mechanism is used by hair cells to establish the required range of stereocilia lengths within a single cell.
Interfacial Properties of Monolayer and Bilayer MoS2 Contacts with Metals: Beyond the Energy Band Calculations
Authors: Zhong Hongxia , Quhe Ruge , Wang Yangyang , Ni Zeyuan , Ye Meng , Song Zhigang , Pan Yuanyuan , Yang Jinbo , Yang Li , Lei Ming , Shi Junjie , Lu Jing
Published: March 2016

Although many prototype devices based on two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 have been fabricated and wafer scale growth of 2D MoS2 has been realized, the fundamental nature of 2D MoS2-metal contacts has not been well understood yet. We provide a comprehensive ab initio study of the interfacial properties of a series of monolayer (ML) and bilayer (BL) MoS2-metal contacts (metal = Sc, Ti, Ag, Pt, Ni, and Au). A comparison between the calculated and observed Schottky barrier heights (SBHs) suggests that many-electron effects are strongly suppressed in channel 2D MoS2 due to a charge transfer. The extensively adopted energy band calculation scheme fails to reproduce the observed SBHs in 2D MoS2-Sc interface. By contrast, an ab initio quantum transport device simulation better reproduces the observed SBH in 2D MoS2-Sc interface and highlights the importance of a higher level theoretical approach beyond the energy band calculation in the interface study. BL MoS2-metal contacts generally have a reduced SBH than ML MoS2-metal contacts due to the interlayer coupling and thus have a higher electron injection efficiency.
A new type of vanadium carbide V5C3 and its hardening by tuning Fermi energy
Authors: Xing Wandong , Meng Fanyan , Yu Rong
Published: March 2016

Transition metal compounds usually have various stoichiometries and crystal structures due to the coexistence of metallic, covalent and ionic bonds in them. This flexibility provides a lot of candidates for materials design. Taking the V-C binary system as an example, here we report the first-principles prediction of a new type of vanadium carbide, V5C3, which has an unprecedented stoichiometry in the V-C system and is energetically and mechanically stable. The material is abnormally much harder than neighboring compounds in the V-C phase diagram and can be further hardened by tuning the Fermi energy.
Detection of Temperature Difference in Neuronal Cells
Authors: Tanimoto Ryuichi , Hiraiwa Takumi , Nakai Yuichiro , Shindo Yutaka , Oka Kotaro , Hiroi Noriko , Funahashi Akira
Published: March 2016

For a better understanding of the mechanisms behind cellular functions, quantification of the heterogeneity in an organism or cells is essential. Recently, the importance of quantifying temperature has been highlighted, as it correlates with biochemical reaction rates. Several methods for detecting intracellular temperature have recently been established. Here we develop a novel method for sensing temperature in living cells based on the imaging technique of fluorescence of quantum dots. We apply the method to quantify the temperature difference in a human derived neuronal cell line, SH-SY5Y. Our results show that temperatures in the cell body and neurites are different and thus suggest that inhomogeneous heat production and dissipation happen in a cell. We estimate that heterogeneous heat dissipation results from the characteristic shape of neuronal cells, which consist of several compartments formed with different surface-volume ratios. Inhomogeneous heat production is attributable to the localization of specific organelles as the heat source.