bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A causal decomposition approach for mediated moderation
Authors: Liu Xiao
Published: January 2024

Assessing differences in the causal effect of a treatment between subgroups plays important roles in behavioral sciences. Besides quantifying how much subgroups differ in the treatment effect (“total moderation”), researchers are often interested in examining mediating mechanisms that may contribute to the total moderation, often by conducting a mediated moderation analysis. For conducting such analyses, conventional methods require using specified parametric models to define mediated moderation, which have limitations when the parametric models may be misspecified and when causal interpretation is of interest. For making causal inferences about mediating mechanisms, the causal mediation methodology is fast-growing but is currently under-developed for mediated moderation analysis; a challenge is that the subgroup status (e.g., gender) is often nonmanipulable. In this study, we extend the causal decomposition literature, and we develop methods for decomposing subgroup differences in treatment effects. Particularly, we nonparametrically decompose the total moderation into the causal estimands for (i) the “mediated moderation”, capturing the part of moderation attributable to subgroup differences in mediators, and (ii) the “remaining moderation” unattributable to the mediators. For estimation, we develop multiply-robust estimators for the mediated and remaining moderation, which have multiple robustness to nuisance model misspecification and allow incorporating (nonparametric) machine learning tools into the mediated moderation analysis. We evaluate our methods through a simulation study. We hope this study provides novel insights and can expand researchers’ toolbox of decomposing subgroup differences in treatment effects.
Mentoring through tinkering
Authors: Xue Haoran
Published: January 2024

Workshop presentation mentoring through tinkering for The European Mentoring Summit 2022.
Upstream Approaches for Suicide Prevention Using Search-Based Advertising: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ono Satoshi , Sueki Hajime , Nakahara Tai , Takahashi Asumi , Koda Akiko , Sakai Akito , Saito Maiko , Ito Jiro
Published: January 2024

This study aims to describe the pilot operation of upstream approaches for suicide prevention using search-based advertising. Outreach was conducted to Internet users who searched for keywords related to the six life issues with risk factors for suicide (perinatal women, domestic violence, addiction, depression, sexual minorities, and child abuse). Search-based advertisements were displayed 1,481,025 times and clicked on 62,884 times (click rate: 4.25%). Since the mental health status of those in the five areas of life issues, except for addiction, was considered serious, outreach using search-based advertising could expedite effective support information to those with serious mental health conditions. In the addiction area, outreach to those with gambling and alcohol addiction was considered effective, but effective outreach to those with drug addiction was found to be difficult within the framework of this study. In conclusion, this study shows that upstream approaches for suicide prevention using search-based advertising can reach Internet users with specific life issues and deteriorating mental health.
ОБ ИНДЕКСАЛЬНОСТИ ЗНАКОВ В ПОЛИКОДОВОМ ТЕКСТЕ
Authors: Gorbacheva Aleksandra
Published: January 2024

В статье представлены результаты экспериментального психолингвистического исследования, посвященного изучению механизмов интерпретации поликодовых текстов судебными лингвистами и людьми без экспертных компетенций. Излагается и иллюстрируется идея индексальности как функции знака в поликодовом тексте, определяющей направление интерпретации в условиях недостатка дискурсивного знания.
Валидность теста: между научностью и полезностью. История изменений ключевого понятия психологического тестирования
Authors: Tyumeneva Yulia
Published: January 2024

В истории количественной психологии и психометрики валидность теста всегда рассматривалась как мера его качества, так что техническая сторона валидизации и требования к валидному тесту всегда были хорошо освещены в литературе. Однако понятие «валидность» претерпело столь фундаментальные изменения, что они не могут быть осмыслены только с технической точки зрения в отрыве от изменений социального контекста, в котором существует психометрика. В этой статье произошедшие изменения подхода к валидности рассматриваются в свете дилеммы научности vs. практической полезности тестов. Демонстрируется, что требования к валидному тесту постепенно вытесняли научный вопрос (что измеряет тест) в пользу практического вопроса о полезности теста и его корректном использовании. Эти изменения прочно связаны с возрастанием роли тестирования в принятии социально значимых решений.
Bearing the Weight of Intersectionality: Longitudinal Mental Health Disparities in Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Weiss Marina , Gette Jordan A. , Lopez-Castro Teresa , Stanley Damian Alexander
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing mental health disparities between majority and minoritized identity groups in the United States, across factors including race, ethnicity, sex at birth, sexual orientation, and gender identity. Though each of these identities has been related to disparities in mental health, little empirical research assesses 1) the cumulative and synergistic impact of holding multiple marginalized identities upon mental health, as predicted by intersectionality theory, 2) how these identities interact with discrimination, or 3) how holding minoritized identities might shape psychological responses to significant events. Here we use data from a longitudinal survey of a national sample of adults (N=1070) during the COVID-19 pandemic to investigate how intersectionality relates to experiences of discrimination, stress, anxiety, and depression. For each participant, a Composite Intersectionality (CI) score was calculated as the cumulative count of minoritized identities across race, ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity. Both higher CI scores and greater self-reported discrimination, as measured by the Everyday Discrimination Scale, were associated with increases in mental health symptoms, however, there was no interaction between the two. In addition, events such as the murder of George Floyd and the 2020 presidential election impacted mental health trajectories, with individuals showing stalled symptom reduction following Mr. Floyd’s death and more rapid declines in stress following the 2020 election compared to pre-election. These results suggest that the stress of being minoritized operates through multiple pathways, and that both intersectional load and discrimination are associated with higher levels of mental health symptomatology. These findings contribute to a growing body of literature that demonstrates the importance of considering our intersectional identities when addressing mental health.
Creating Diverse and Inclusive Scientific Practices for Research Datasets and Dissemination
Authors: Kam Julia , Badhwar AmanPreet , Borghesani Valentina , Lee Kangjoo , Noble Stephanie , Raamana Pradeep Reddy , Ratnanather J. Tilak , Tan Davynn G.H. , Lee Hyang Woon , Marzetti Laura , Nakua Hajer , Rippon Gina , Olsen Rosanna K. , Uddin Lucina Q. , Yanes Julio Alejandro , Tzovara Athina
Published: January 2024

Diversity, equity, and inclusivity (DEI) are important for scientific innovation and progress. This widespread recognition has resulted in numerous initiatives for enhancing DEI in recent years. Although progress has been made to address gender and racial disparities, there remains to be biases that limit the opportunities for historically underrepresented individuals to succeed in academia. As members of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping (OHBM) Diversity and Inclusivity committee (DIC), we identified the most challenging and imminent obstacles towards improving DEI practices in the broader neuroimaging field. These obstacles include the lack of diversity in and accessibility to publicly available datasets, barriers in research dissemination, and/or barriers related to publishing. In order to increase diversity and promote equity and inclusivity in our scientific endeavors, we suggest potential solutions that are practical and actionable to overcome these barriers. We emphasize the importance of the enduring and unwavering commitment required to advance DEI initiatives consistently. By doing so, the OHBM and perhaps other neuroscience communities will strive towards a future that is not only marked by scientific excellence but also characterized by diversity, inclusivity and equitable opportunities for all including historically underrepresented individuals internationally.
The Role of Cognitive Biases in Shaping Irrational Beliefs: A Multi-Study Investigation
Authors: Teovanovic Predrag , Purić Danka , Živanović Marko , Lukić Petar , Branković Marija , Stanković Sanda , Knezevic Goran , Lazarevic Ljiljana B. , Zezelj Iris
Published: January 2024

Irrational beliefs encompass a broad set of beliefs that lack verifiable empirical evidence and contradict scientific principles, often grouped into conspiratorial, pseudoscientific, and paranormal domains. This paper investigated whether these beliefs are rooted in a set of cognitive biases. Across four studies, low socioeconomic status, right-wing political orientation, and religiousness accounted for a substantial portion of irrational beliefs variance. However, cognitive biases consistently contributed incrementally to their prediction, with naturalness bias, omission bias, commitment bias, and the overconfidence effect emerging as the most robust predictors. Our findings indicate the nuanced nature of these relationships, as the predictive power of cognitive biases was consistently higher for conspiracist and pseudoscientific beliefs in comparison to paranormal ones.
Pan, Dunlosky, Xu, & Ouwehand (2024) Emerging and Future Directions in Test-Enhanced Learning Research
Authors: Pan Steven C. , Dunlosky John , Xu Kate M. , Ouwehand Kim
Published: January 2024

Over the past eighteen years, research into test-enhanced learning has expanded significantly and remains vibrant to this day. The fact that many major research questions in the literature have already been addressed, however, raises the question: “What’s next?” That question motivates this special issue. We asked leading researchers in the field to contribute articles highlighting cutting-edge and new directions in test-enhanced learning research. The resulting review papers, empirical articles, and commentaries address many fascinating topics, including: (a) new approaches that are generating insights into test-enhanced learning in relation to other learning techniques (e.g., combining testing with elaborative or generative learning activities); (b) investigations of lesser-known test-based learning strategies that have the potential to enhance educational outcomes (e.g., pretesting and prequestioning, spaced retrieval practice, test-potentiated new learning or forward testing; and successive relearning); (c) new research on effective uses of practice testing during self-regulated learning and in other contexts; and (d) how to promote awareness and acceptance of test-enhanced learning among students and practitioners. These articles showcase some of the most promising new directions in test-enhanced learning research, so we anticipate that this special issue will inspire further investigations of practice testing and its educational applications.
A Cross-Cultural Study of Everyday Moral Experiences
Authors: Murray Samuel , Jimenez-Leal William , Amaya Santiago , Silverstein Priya , Kekecs Zoltan , Chartier Christopher R. , Wan Max F , Blackall T , Salvador Cristina , Pfuhl Gerit , Montefinese Maria , Kocalar Halil Emre , Tome Natalia Lopez , Polemikou Anna , Davis William E. , Paruzel-Czachura Mariola , Almohizea Monira Ibrahim , Şahin Seda Merve , Wendt Guilherme , Trémolière Bastien , Zheng Wang , Couto Cleno , Özdoğru Asil Ali , Becker Maja , Kunisato Yoshihiko , Vaidis David C. , Galindo-Caballero Oscar J. , Ross Robert M , Xia Ziqian , Zhang Minjun , Sullivan Gavin Brent , Evans Thomas Rhys , Barzykowski Krystian , Al-Hoorie Ali H. , Nettle Daniel , Godbersen Hendrik , Jiang Xiaoming , Yamada Yuki , Walker Bradley , Cervera-Torres Sergio , Rokosz Marta , Akkas Handan , Manley Harry , Liu Huanxu , Elsherif Mahmoud Medhat , Du Hongfei , Puthillam Arathy , Hahn Lindsay , Stanley Samantha , Batres Carlota , Sorokowska Agnieszka , Wagstaff Danielle L , Janssen Steve M. J. , Jantus Candela I. , Khaoudi Ahmed , Lu Jackson G. , Wu Yang , Kowal Marta , Camargo Andrés , Grigoryan Lusine , Navajas Joaquin , Vezirian Kevin , Roussos Petros , Misiak Michał , Studzinska Anna , Ruiz-Fernandez Susana , Vatakis Argiro , Oleszkiewicz Anna , Park Joonha , Gichanga Ruth Wambui , Buchanan Erin Michelle , sumara  , Kękuś Magdalena , Giannouli Vaitsa , Mouhssine Lamya , Pieniak Michał , Anne Michele , SAHLI Fatima Zahra , GRATON Aurélien , Otieno Brian , Kurz Tim , Sasaki Kyoshiro , Ferreira Paulo RS , Roberts S. Craig , Gituma Benedict Ntinyari , Asekun Wakil Ajibola , Dixson Barnaby , Willis Megan , Oluyinka Ojedokun , Maganti Madhavilatha , Butt Muhammad Mussaffa , Hryniszak Weronika , Gourdon-Kanhukamwe Amélie , KARABABA Alper , Iqbal Zahida , Mubeen Arfa , wu liya , Arvanitis Alexios , Delfino Gisela , Millahibrahim Raisa , ASATSA STEPHEN , Jaan Ramsa , Kaffilardi Almira , Kleka Paweł , Farmer Harry , Guan Xie , Gao Yuan , Ojukwu Anthony , Sepehri Amir , Ondiek Emish O. , Schmidt Kathleen
Published: January 2024

Do people in different societies experience morality differently in everyday life? Using experience sampling methods, we investigate everyday moral experiences in a sample from 20 countries across 6 continents, thereby replicating and extending a large-scale study originally conducted in the United States and Canada. We aim to replicate key findings about the kinds of moral experiences people have, the relationship between such experiences and religious or political affiliation, how such experiences affect momentary feelings, and how such experiences influence moral behavior. An international sample enables us to assess the generalizability of these findings across different socio-cultural contexts.
Managing Satisfaction in synchronous online learning: results of a statistical study on the material of teaching Russian as a foreign language
Authors: Lebedeva Maria , Kashchenko Ekaterina , Rodionova Kseniia
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The widespread adoption of distance learning makes it relevant to reflect on the experience gained during the period of ubiquitous transition to the online format in 2019-2021.The purpose of the research is to investigate the factors influencing student satisfaction with synchronous online courses and to develop recommendations aimed at creating a positive educational experience for students in the online environment, specifically for teachers and methodologists.Materials and Methods. This study draws upon survey data concerning the synchronous online acquisition of Russian as a foreign language among tertiary education students, both domestically and internationally. The sample comprised 307 individuals representing 16 countries, all of whom had engaged in at least one synchronous online course in the Russian language. Evaluation of satisfaction regarding the online learning experience centered on the variable denoted as "Course Satisfaction Assessment." The survey instrument was constructed based on the three-factor model, Community of Inquiry (COI), recognized for its efficacy in assessing effective online learning. This model, adapted to suit the context of synchronous online learning, comprehensively incorporates cognitive, pedagogical, and group communication factors.Results. As a result of correlation analysis, the ten most significant correlations with the variable "Course Satisfaction Evaluation" were identified. The most significant correlation of satisfaction with learning was established with positive evaluation of the course content – its practical usefulness and relevance to the needs of learners (r=0,44; p<0,01). Factors related to feedback from the instructor (r=0,34; p<0,01) and the motivational effect of the learning showed a high level of correlation with satisfaction with the training (r=0,35; p<0,01). Meanwhile, the factors of group communication did not show significant correlations. Considering the most important factors of satisfaction, recommendations were formulated to improve the effectiveness of synchronous online learning and enhance student motivation through content and organizational aspects of learning. Conclusion. The conducted study contributes to the understanding of significant aspects of student satisfaction management in synchronous online learning. Practical recommendations have application value for the practice of online learning design and teaching in synchronous online format.
The role of uniform textures in making texture elements visible in the visual periphery
Authors: Bertamini Marco , Oletto Carolina Maria , Contemori Giulio
Published: January 2024

There are important differences between central and peripheral vision. With respect to shape, contours retain phenomenal sharpness, although some contours disappear if they are near other contours. This leads to some uniform textures to appear non-uniform (Honeycomb illusion, Bertamini et al., 2016). Unlike other phenomena of shape perception in the periphery, this illusion is showing how continuity of the texture does not contribute to phenomenal continuity. Wesystematically varied the relationship between central and peripheral regions, and we collected subjective reports (how far can one see lines) as well as judgments of line orientation. We used extended textures created with a square grid and some additional lines that are invisible when they are located at the corners of the grid, or visible when they are separated from the grid (control condition). With respects to subjective reports, we compared the region of visibility for cases inwhich the texture was uniform (Exp 1a), or when in a central region the lines were different (Exp 1b). There were no differences, showing no role of objective uniformity on visibility. Next, in addition to the region of visibility we measured sensitivity using a forced-choice task (line tilted left or right) (Exp 2). The drop in sensitivity with eccentricity matched the size of the region in which lines were perceived in the illusion condition, but not in the control condition. When participants were offered a choice to report of the lines were present or absent (Exp 3) they confirmed that they did not see them in the illusion condition, but saw them in the control condition. We conclude that mechanisms that control perception of contours operate differently in the periphery, and overrideprior expectations, including that of uniformity. Conversely, when elements are detected in the periphery, we assign to them properties based on information from central vision, but these shapes cannot be identified correctly when the task requires such discrimination.
Testing the Unity and Diversity of Socioeconomic Status using Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Authors: LaPlume Annalise Aleta
Published: January 2024

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a key variable that impacts most domains of psychological functioning. Despite its wide-ranging influence, it is poorly conceptualized and measured in the psychology literature. The main source of debate is whether SES is unidimensional (a general factor or single underlying domain) or multi-dimensional (specific factors for groupings into separate content domains). The current study tested four confirmatory models of SES, using a comprehensive questionnaire (CFL-SES; the Cognitive Flexibility Lab socioeconomic status measure) on a sample of n=531 undergraduates. The CFL-SES presents a novel and practical way to measure objective and subjective psychosocial variables that contribute to variability in individual social and economic standing. Results showed that the best-fitting model was a four-factor bifactor model, with a general SES factor and specific factors (of education/occupation, wealth, psychosocial stressors, and psychosocial supports). The bifactor model fit the data better than a general factor model, a four-factor correlated factors model, and a four-factor second-order model. The key finding from this study is that SES can be conceptualized as a multidimensional hierarchical construct, consisting of a general SES factor that underlies common variance among all measures, as well as specific factors that contribute additional variance beyond that explained by the general factor.
Comparing Buffer Versus Transmission Models of Bullying Victimization, Math Self-Efficacy, and Math Achievement: A Multilevel Approach
Authors: Putzeys Sophia , Hall Garret , Jenkins Lyndsay N. , Dunn Patricia , Harvey Kathy
Published: January 2024

Experiences of bullying victimization (BV) associate with poorer academic performance and academic self-efficacy, with self-efficacy often mediating the relation between BV and academic performance. This transmission model implies that BV can erode the social cognitive and affective self-perceptions related to academic performance (self-efficacy), thereby declining actual academic performance. A plausible alternative but under-investigated model is that academic self-efficacy protects against the impacts of BV on students’ academic functioning by moderating the relation between BV and achievement (the buffer model). In this study, we use the Trends in International Math and Sciences Study (TIMSS) United States data to compare these models of BV, math self-efficacy (MSE), and math achievement and differences in this model across student, classroom, and school contexts. Approximately 8,700 students in 270 schools and 500 schools in Grades 4 and 8 each participated in the study. Using Bayesian multilevel multivariate modeling, we compare the buffer and transmission models, finding that in both Grades 4 and 8, the transmission model evidenced the best relative model performance. We discuss the patterns of relations at the individual student level and also examine classroom and school context effects. We discussion implications research and practice as well as limitations and future directions.
Interracial Couples and Intergenerational Coresidence: The Role of Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Choi Kate H. , Yahirun Jenjira
Published: January 2024

A sizeable share of interracial couples continue to report experiencing family opposition. However, few studies have empirically investigated whether intermarrying weakens ties with one’s kin and reduces exchanges between interracial couples and their family of origin. We examine whether interracial couples are less likely than same-race couples to live with an aging parent. We also investigate the role of each spouse’s race in shaping whether interracial couples reside with the wife’s or husband’s parents. Using data from the 2008-2022 American Community Surveys, we estimate logistic regression models to predict the odds of living with an aging parent. Next, we estimate multinomial logistic regression models to predict the competing risk of living with the wife's parents or husband's parents over the risk of living without an aging parent. Our study shows that interracial couples’ odds of living with any aging parents fall in between those of their same-race counterparts. Among White/Black couples, the risk of living with the parents of the White spouse exceeds the risk of living with the parents of the Black spouse. Among Black/Hispanic and White/Hispanic couples, the risk of living with the parent of the Hispanic spouse exceeds the risk of living with the parents of the other partner. Our findings detract from the view that intermarrying systematically weakens ties with the family of origin and reduces access to family support. Nonetheless, it also shows that race/ethnicity is an important correlate of interracial couples’ family exchange behavior.
Comparing Political Communication: A 2023 Update
Authors: Esser Frank , Pfetsch Barbara
Published: January 2024

In order to examine political communication comparatively, this chapter argues for a dynamic-systemic perspective. For this purpose, it outlines the model of a "political communication ecosystem." On this basis, the chapter first explains (a) institutional country differences in the relationship between politics and the media and (b) cultural country differences in the relationship between politicians and journalists. It then goes on to explain how prototypical styles and message types of (a) politicians as communicators and (b) media as communicators differ in a cross-country comparison. Finally, it explains the differences between countries in (a) the news consumption of national audiences and (b) the impact of political communication on these audiences. Taking into account recent research findings on social media, populism, disinformation, and the Ukraine invasion, the chapter concludes with implications for comparative political communication from Western and non-Western perspectives.
Housing Attainment of Interracial Couples
Authors: Choi Kate H. , Soave Arabella
Published: January 2024

Some interracial couples continue to report experiencing family opposition and having limited access to family support. With the dramatic rise in housing prices, young adults' ability to own a home increasingly depends on access to financial assistance from parents. These two phenomena raise the question: do interracial couples systematically have lower homeownership rates than endogamous couples? As most couples hold their wealth in house equity, lower homeownership rates may limit wealth accumulation over the long run. We pool data from the 2007-2021 American Community Survey (ACS) and compare the homeownership rates of Millennials in intermarriages with those of their peers in ethno-racially endogamous marriages. The homeownership rates of interracial couples are "in-between" those of couples in endogamous unions belonging to the husband's or wife's ethno-racial groups. Intermarrying does not appear to systematically reduce interracial couples' ability to own a home by reducing family support. Instead, the rise in intermarriages is likely reducing the ethno-racial inequality in homeownership rates. Nonetheless, couples in marriages involving an ethno-racial minority spouse consistently have lower homeownership rates than endogamous White couples. The White/non-White divide in homeownership rates underscore the importance of implementing housing policy that enhances opportunities for homeownership among interracial and endogamous minority couples.
CLUSTERING OF LAGRANGIAN PARTICLES IN 2D TURBULENCE
Authors:   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física. Buenos Aires, Argentina, Martinovich C. , Zalduendo I. ,   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física. Buenos Aires, Argentina, Cobelli P. ,   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física. Buenos Aires, Argentina   CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA). Buenos Aires, Argentina
Published: January 2024

In this paper we design and construct an experiment to generate and study 2D turbulence. We calculate velocity and vorticity fields, the energy spectrum and Bondarenko’s parameter for the system both in decay and onset; those values result inαD= (−0.400±0.012)s−1andαE= (0.404±0.005)s−1, respectively. Additionally, we study the distribution of particles in the flux through the use of Voronoi tesselations
COMBINED SIMULATION METHODOLOGY FOR A COMPLETECHARACTERIZATION OF IONIZING RADIATION EFECTS IN DETECTION DEVICES
Authors:   1Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola, CONICET, FAMAF, UNC, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina2Laboratorio de Investigaciones e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X - LIIFAMIRx⃝, FAMAF,Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina, Martín N.E. , Sofo Haro M. ,   1Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola, CONICET, FAMAF, UNC, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina   3Reactor Nuclear RA0, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Universitario de Tecnología Nuclear - FCEFyNIsmael Bordabehere S/N X5016GCA, Córdoba, Argentina, Valente M. ,   1Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola, CONICET, FAMAF, UNC, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina      2Laboratorio de Investigaciones e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X - LIIFAMIRx⃝, FAMAF,Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina   4Centro de Física e Ingeniería en Salud, CFIS &, Depto. de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, 4780000, Chile
Published: January 2024

Ionizing radiation detection devices have been widely used in recent years in various applications and experimental fields, such as high-energy physics, nuclear physics, and medical imaging. Detailed description of their operational properties and their characterization by means of numerical modelling, as simulations, are key issue to understand the characteristics of radiation detectors in terms of efficiency, resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, since they allow optimising parameters that will be further used. The modelling processes, as the simulations, are routinely carried out using various tools, like Monte Carlo approaches, for instance: PENELOPE, FLUKA or GEANT4 are used to study the interaction of the radiation with the detector accounting for the whole physical processes. However, transporting electron/hole pairs, as generated through the device sensor to conform the corresponding electronic signals uses tools based on the finite element method, such as TCAD (Technology Computer Aided Design), which are developed mainly to help the microelectronics industry to design products. Usually, modelling approaches for radiation transport and electronic signal production are not integrated, thus performing the simulation process by splitting the problem into successive independent phases. Within this framework, the present study proposes, implements, and reports on a novel methodology that allows combining the two approaches aimed at integrating the complete simulation, thus achieving astep-by-step integrated modelling flow to describe the interaction of ionizing radiation with the sensor along with thetransport of the generated charge to the photodiodes and, finally, to the generation of electronic signals.
EFFICIENT MICRODEVICES DESIGNS FOR CHOANOFLAGELLATES SEPARATION
Authors:   Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación - Universidad Nacional de CórdobaAv. Medina Allende S/N, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina, Guzman Vazquez L. , Miño G. ,   2Laboratorio de Microscopía Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares (LAMAE) y Grupo de Investigación en Microfluídica(GIM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (FIUNER),Ruta prov 11 km 10 Oro Verde, Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina   3Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Bioingeniería y Bioinformática (IBB, CONICET-UNER),Ruta prov 11 km 10 Oro Verde, Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina, Banchio A. ,   Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación - Universidad Nacional de CórdobaAv. Medina Allende S/N, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina   nstituto de Física E. Gaviola, IFEG-CONICETAv. Medina Allende S/N, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina, Marconi V. ,   Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación - Universidad Nacional de CórdobaAv. Medina Allende S/N, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina  Instituto de Física E. Gaviola, IFEG-CONICETAv. Medina Allende S/N, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
Published: January 2024

Choanoflagellates are microorganisms of great interest in evolutionary biology because they are considered to be the closest living relatives to animals. In their unicellular form, they developed phenotypes with different swimming strategies and the ability to produce sexual gametes. Based on the work of Sparacino et al.,J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.(2020), new designs of microfluidic devices were proposed and explored with consideration to both microfabrication restrictions and microscopy observation limitations. Through a phenomenological model, adapted to the dynamics of unicellular choanoflagellates in an asymmetric microdevice, it was possible to separate the fast cells, reconcentrating them up to 8times. It was observed in a temporal window independent of the geometry, minimizing the biological variation of the samples. Furthermore, new biotechnological applications were explored to model different biological behaviors related to the taxis responses experienced by a cell. It was noted that populations with lower change of direction are efficiently concentrated in the proposed microdevice
Умови повсякденного життя працівників залізничного транспорту України в період відбудови (1943-1950-х рр.): окремі аспекти проблеми
Authors: Мазило Ігор
Published: January 2024

The article deals with issues related to the history of everyday life in Ukraine through the the prism of the everyday life of railway transport workers.
Заходи радянської влади в боротьбі з релігійними впливами на Вінниччині у 1920-1930-х рр.
Authors: Зінько Юрій
Published: January 2024

The article highlights the main measures taken by the Soviet authorities to eradicate religious. The article shows how the authorities resorted to political repression and discrediting of religious denominations, trying to bring their activities under the control of state bodies.
Pengembangan Angket Kecemasan Matematis pada Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Desti Destiana Fitrianti , Nopriyanti Tika Dwi , Septiati Ety
Published: January 2024

Kecemasan matematis ialah suatu kondisi emosional yang ditandai dengan rasa tidak nyaman, panik, dan gangguan konsentrasi dengan perasaan tidak menentu yang disebabkan adanya kesulitan dalam pembelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan angket kecemasan matematis peserta didik yang praktis dan valid. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan menggunakan model ADDIE dengan 5 tahapan yakni : Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan lembar validasi dan angket respon peserta didik. Penelitian ini melibatkan peserta didik kelas X SMA Negeri 5 Palembang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan uji validitas oleh pakar dengan hasil skor rata-rata 88,33% dalam kategori sangat valid, dan hasil uji kepraktisan menunjukkan skor rata-rata 84,44% dalam kategori sangat praktis. Oleh karena itu, angket kecemasan ini dapat digunakan lebih lanjut untuk mengukur tingkat kecemasan matematis peserta didik.
Investigation the effect of Scrophularia striata hydroalcoholic Extract On Cell Death and Migration in Cervical Cancer Cell Line
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Zafari Jaber , Rajabbeigi Elham ,   Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Mohaghegh Shalmani Leila ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Azarshin Seyedeh Zohreh ,   Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Javani Jouni Fatemeh ,   Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Mansouri Vahid ,   Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mohaghegh Shalmani Hamid ,   Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Moravej Farshi Hamideh ,   Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2024

Background: With the growing interest in plant-derived chemotherapeutic agents, there has been a significant rise in research exploring a broad range of plants in recent years. Scrophularia striata has gained attention due to its extensive medical applications. This study aimed to investigate the effect of S. striata extract on HeLa cervical cancer cells, specifically their migration, apoptosis, and necrosis. Methods: We first cultured HeLa cells in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. We then examined the cytotoxicity of S. striata extract at varying concentrations (0, 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/mL) using the MTT assay after 24 hours. We evaluated the extent of wound healing using a scratch assay and analyzed the apoptosis activity of the extract using flow cytometry. Results: Our results showed that S. striata extract (IC50: 433.8 μg/mL) significantly enhances wound healing (P≤0.01) in cervical cancer and promotes apoptosis and necrosis of HeLa cells. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that S. striata may serve as an effective treatment for cervical cancer by inducing cell death and reducing migration.
Toxicology and Metabolic Effects of Methanol and Formaldehyde on the Brain, a ReviewA rticle
Authors:   Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mansouri Vahid , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa ,   Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ahmadzadeh Alireza ,   Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Shadnia Shahin ,   Department of Clinical Toxicology, Toxicological Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital Poison Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mostafazadeh Babak ,   Department of Clinical Toxicology, Toxicological Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital Poison Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Robati Reza M ,   Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Razaghi Zahra ,   Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2024

Background: Methanol is a toxic alcohol for the human body. The molecular biology of methanol metabolites affecting different organs, such as the brain, is under investigation. This systematic review aimed to consider methanol toxic molecular biology, based on the original articles obtained from data banks to figure out recent achievements. Methods: Scientific articles regarding the toxic effects and metabolites of methanol on the central nervous system (CNS) were collected from valid databases and classified based on their validity. Exclusion criteria were articles with duplicates, no available full text, review articles, case reports, and letters. Results: Current metabolic reactions were addressed in the development of CNS diseases, such as optic neuropathy, basal ganglia lesions, and Alzheimer’s disease. However, proteomic investigations introduced new metabolic changes, and serum proteins regarding blood coagulation, vitamin A metabolism, and immune responses were suggested for early detection of toxicity. Conclusion: Besides CNS disorders introduced for methanol toxicity, there is no exact proteomic serum marker to diagnose toxicity soon; however, the interleukin-1 beta system is suggested as a candidate, and more investigation is required to improve its competency.
The Main Targets of Okadaic Acid Toxin in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells: An Investigation of Biological Systems
Authors:   Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Robati Reza M , Razzaghi Zahra ,   Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Arjmand Babak ,   Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rezaei Tavirani Mostafa ,   Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rostami Nejad Mohammad ,   Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rezaei Mitra ,   Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Zamanian Azodi Mona ,   Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2024

Background: Okadaic acid (OA) is a toxin of polluted shellfish. Consuming the contaminated shellfish is accompanied by diarrhea and paralytic and amnesic disorders. There is a correlation between diarrhea and the consumed OA. Determining the critical targeted genes by OA was the aim of this study. Methods: The transcriptomic data about the effect of OA on human intestinal caco-2 cells were extracted from gene expression omnibus (GEO) and evaluated via the GEO2R program. The significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were included in a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and the central nodes were enriched via gene ontology to find the crucial affected biological terms. Results: Among the 178 significant DEGs plus 50 added first neighbors, four hub-bottleneck genes (ALB, FOS, JUN, and MYC) were determined. Twenty-eight critical biological terms were identified as the dysregulated individuals in response to the presence of OA. “ERK1/2-activator protein-1 (AP-1) complex binds KDM6B promoter” was highlighted as the major class of biological terms. Conclusion: It can be concluded that down-regulation of ALB as a potent central gene leads to impairment of blood homeostasis in the presence of OA. Up-regulation of the other three central genes (JUN, FOS, and MYC) grossly affects the vital pathways in the human body.
Overcoming Cisplatin’s Challenges: A Promising Future in Cancer Care; A Comprehensive Review
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Abedini Nazari Najmeh , Omidi Sarajar Behnam ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Azarshin Seyedeh Zohreh ,   Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Javani Jouni Fatemeh ,   Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Razzaghi Zahra ,   Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Zafari Jaber ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2024

Background: Cisplatin’s common use as an anti-neoplastic drug poses significant challenges due to its adverse effects, including renal disorders, neuropathies, hearing impairment, and gastrointestinal issues. Methods: A comprehensive search was done across major bibliographic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus on cisplatin’s application in various cancer treatments. A manual examination of article reference lists was conducted, collecting data from 1990 to October 2023 for up-to-date research analysis. Results: Cisplatin primarily acts by binding to DNA in the cell nucleus and disrupting DNA transcription and replication, leading to cytotoxicity and malignant cell destruction. Mechanisms of resistance included altered drug absorption, increased efflux and detoxification, modified targets, and increased DNA repair. Interactions with matrix proteins, pH changes, and food affect cisplatin effectiveness. Cisplatin-induced DNA damage mainly forms DNA adducts, causing intra- and inter-strand cross-links. Despite its therapeutic benefits, inevitable adverse effects, like nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, gastrointestinal diseases, hepatotoxicity, cardiovascular issues, and neuropathy exist. Strategies to mitigate these include hydration therapy, thiol-containing agents, antioxidants, and modulators. Combination therapy enhances cisplatin efficacy. Conclusion: Cisplatin is a potent anticancer tool marked by challenges from adverse effects and emerging resistance. Ongoing research focuses on combined therapeutic approaches and supports interventions to enhance efficacy and reduce adverse effects, fostering optimism for better cancer treatments.
Comparative Analysis of Different Methods used in Evaluation of Physio-chemical Parameters of Surface Water: A Review
Authors: Sharma K. , Singh N.
Published: January 2024

Water plays a significant role in day-to-day life of all living beings on earth. Surface water bodies are extensively used for various purposes in domestic, industrial, and agricultural sector but the quality of water is getting deteriorated rapidly. Water contamination is a worldwide issue affecting every corner of the world. In the present era, surface water bodies get tremendously affected due to increased population, urban run-off, and industrial pollution. The polluted water not only affect human health but also have an adverse effect on the entire ecosystem. Several physical, chemical, and biological parameters are associated with the quality of water and the continuous measurement of all these parameters are needed to detect the contamination level in water bodies and their harmful effects. The water quality analysis requires different methods to measure different constituents and their concentration present in it. Different factors including environmental factors, methodological and human errors etc. results in fluctuations and erratic results so the focus is given on choosing the accurate method for measurement of various parameters. This review paper identified and inspected various methods of measurement for physio-chemical parameters, their applications, merits, and demerits related to the particular method used. This involves the comparative discussion on various methods used for investigation of water quality parameters and their proficiency in giving accurate results.
Finances of the Nation: The Canadian Productivity Landscape—An Overview
Authors: Sargent Tim
Published: January 2024

It is widely recognized that Canada's productivity performance in recent years has been at best mediocre. But productivity is a complex issue, and the public understanding of the subject, even among professionals, is poor. The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive but accessible account of the productivity landscape in Canada, including productivity developments and proximate explanations of trends. The article provides an overview of the basic concepts, metrics, trends, and types of analysis found in productivity discussion in this country.
"Hot Tubbing" of Expert Witnesses: Experiences in Other Jurisdictions and Expected Issues at the Tax Court of Canada
Authors: McDonald Sam
Published: January 2024

Practice Note no. 22, dated March 11, 2019, sets out the procedure for the "hot tubbing" of expert witnesses at the Tax Court of Canada. The practice note directs judges to convene a pretrial expert panel before the experts are examined concurrently at trial. In this article, the author reviews the benefits and perceived shortcomings of hot tubbing reported in other jurisdictions that permit the practice, explains the Tax Court procedure, and discusses issues that are expected to arise in Tax Court cases. The author argues in favour of hot tubbing and suggests revision of the practice note to incorporate approaches that could conserve judicial resources while enhancing the quality of expert evidence.