bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE JURIMÉTRICA COMPARADA DA LEGISLAÇÃO ACERCA DE CIBERCRIME DO BRASIL E ESTADOS UNIDOS
Authors: Messias Gabriel Soares , Junior José Eronides Sousa Pequeno
Published: December 2023

Um dos grandes desafios da conexão em massa é a regulação do ciberespaço, em especial o controle da criminalidade na internet, que provocam dados em todas as nações, no Brasil, especificamente, no ano de 2017, 62.21 milhões de pessoas foram afetadas por crimes cibernéticos, provocando um dano de 22.5 bilhões de dólares. Assim sendo, o Brasil é o segundo país em maiores danos financeiros causados por cibercrimes, ficando atrás apenas da China e logo seguido pelos Estados Unidos. O objetivo é realizar uma análise comparada entre o Brasil e Estados Unidos a fim de compreender o estado da legislação em cada um destes países. Este estudo decidiu adotar o método hierárquico (nested) juntamente de estatística descritiva com estudo de caso e análise qualitativa da legislação.  As variáveis foram extraídas da Convenção de Budapeste, indicado por alguns autores como a mais avançada legislação sobre o tema. Considerando os resultados obtidos e a equivalência dos dados levantados com as variáveis, verificou-se que a legislação dos Estados Unidos possuem 90% de aderência aos  parâmetros estabelecidos, enquanto o Brasil possui 70% . Assim, pode-se concluir que a legislação americana é ligeiramente mais avançada que a legislação brasileira, contudo, percebe-se que outros fatores podem envolver o fato dos danos financeiros sofridos pelos usuários brasileiros serem tão superiores.
Cálculo diferencial e integral no ensino básico
Authors: Taveira Neto José Gomes , Apolinário Hellena Christina Fernandes
Published: December 2023

O ensino da matemática atual vem demonstrando um grande interesse em diminuir a abstração da disciplina com aplicações práticas e cotidianas que envolvem os diferentes temas abordados desde o ensino básico até o ensino superior. A Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) do ensino médio no Brasil já introduziu na estrutura curricular da disciplina conteúdos que remetem a aplicação direta de conceitos matemáticos vistos apenas como abstratos, hoje como ferramentas de programação e de algoritmos para resolução de problemas. O presente artigo visa apresentar o estudo de conceitos básicos de cálculo diferencial no ensino médio como mais uma opção para auxiliar na fixação e aplicação de temas relacionados à matemática e suas áreas afins.
Manajemen Teknologi Pada Industri
Authors: Wahyuni Hana Catur
Published: December 2023

Puji Syukur kehadirat Alloh SWT, atas ridhonya buku ini dapat diselesaikan tepat waktu. Buku ini disusun dengan penuh semangat untuk menyajikan gambaran secara holistik terkait dengan pengelolaan teknologi sehingga mampu memaksimalkan produktivitas industri. Teknologi menjadi pilar utama yang memainkan peran penting dalam menghadapi tantangan yang semakin kompleks yang dihadapi industri modern. Dalam setiap langkah evolusinya, teknologi bukan hanya sekadar alat, melainkan sebuah kekuatan transformasional yang dapat meredefinisi cara kita bekerja, berproduksi, dan berinovasi.
A Process Model for Designing Employability Award Programs to Develop Graduate Employability
Authors: Brown Jason L
Published: December 2023

Employability awards have been implemented within universities as a strategy to support student development of employability and ultimately attainment of employment. The extant research into employability awards lacks a theoretical approach to designing and evaluating the impact of employability awards on relevant outcomes including employability and employment. This paper, informed by career construction theory, proposes a learner-focused, process model for developing employability. It also paves the way for future research to evaluate the impact of employability award programs.
Co-culture (Miscanthus x giganteus and Pelargonium x hortorum) phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil, impact of this trace metal on plant physiology.
Authors: Berns Sarah , Falla-Angel Jaïro , Bonnefoy Antoine , Charrois Lucas , Laval-Gilly Philippe
Published: December 2023

The industrial past of most regions in Lorraine and the intensification of activities onsoils has increased the number of polluted sites. To rehabilitate these areas, several methods can be employed. The use of ornamental plants has been little studied, even if these species can be used to rehabilitate a site while improving its aesthetics. In this study, co-culture of Miscanthus x giganteus (MxG) and Pelargonium x hortorum (PxH) was used to clean up a soil mainly contaminated by Pb and trace metals. At the end of the experiment, lead concentrations were measured in the soil and plants. Furthermore, auxins, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid were also measured to evaluate the defense mechanisms of the plants in front of pollutants. The results showed a reduction in lead concentrations following the phytoremediation process implemented and that PxH was able to extract lead from the soil. Results showed that co-culture was beneficial to the development of MxG. Concerning the molecules synthesized by the plants under stress conditions, only salicin was found in MxG roots and leaves in particular for plants grown in individual culture. According to the results obtained, it seems that co-culture can improve soil quality without their development being affected.
Dual-objective optimization of compound operations in tier-to-tier shuttle-based storage and retrieval system
Authors: Li Juntao , Hu Qixian , Lan Tian , Guo Wenwen , Wu Daqing
Published: December 2023

Considering the characteristics compound operations in tier-to-tier multi-shuttle system, the different sequence of warehouse tasks will lead to different working paths of the shuttles and the lifts, which will affect the operating time and energy consumption of the system. In order to reduce the operation time and energy consumption of the tier-to-tier multi-shuttle system, the dual-objective model with the shuttle operation time and energy consumption is established according to the system process compound operations scenario. According to the characteristics of the model, a hybrid particle swarm optimization-genetic simulated annealing two-level algorithm, is put forward. Then, the numerical example is calculated to verify the validity of the model and the algorithms. The experimental results show that the dual-objective model can reduce energy consumption and shuttle travel time better than the single time objective model, and can reduce time and improve work efficiency more effectively than the single energy consumption objective model.
COVID-19 Caused by the Omicron Variant in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Single Center Case Series
Authors: Zhao Li , Guo Lijuan , Xing Bin , Zhang Yi , Chen Mengyin , Chen Wenhui
Published: December 2023

Background: Limited data from the Chinese experience are available regarding the infection status, clinical characteristics, treatments and early outcomes of lung transplant recipients (LTRs) afflicted with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant.
Methods: We conducted a study on LTRs with COVID-19 caused by the Omicron Variant from November 17, 2022, to May 1, 2023. Clinical information was gathered through electronic medical records, questionnaires, or follow-up telephone calls. To identify potential risk factors for severe disease progression, a multivariate logistic analysis was performed.
Results: 178 LTRs with COVID-19 were included, with 50% (89/178) requiring hospitalization for an average stay of 16 days (IQR: 9.5-25.5 days). The most common symptoms were fever (79.8%), dry cough (75.3%) and fatigue (61.8%). Ultimately, 17 recipients succumbed to COVID-19-related respiratory failure or secondary multiple organ dysfunction, resulting in an overall mortality rate of 9.6%. Of the 89 hospitalized patients, 41.6% (37/89) eventually progressed to severe or critical disease, forming the Severe/Critical Group (S/C group), while the remaining 58.4% (52/89) had mild to moderate disease (M/M group). In comparison to the M/M group, the S/C group had higher CRP (59.6 vs. 16.8 mg/L, P＜0.01), ESR (45.5 vs. 22.5mm/h, P＜0.01) and D-dimer (1.09 vs. 0.65 mg/L, P＜0.05), but lower CD3+ T lymphocytes (577 vs. 962 cells/ul, P＜0.01) and CD4+ T lymphocytes (217 vs. 427 cells/ul, P＜0.01). The S/C group had significantly higher rates of combined pulmonary bacterial infection (67.6% vs. 38.5%, P＜0.01) and pulmonary fungal infection (73.0% vs. 38.5%, P＜0.01) during the course of COVID-19, nearly double that of the M/M group. In a multivariate logistic analysis, elevated CRP (>41.8mg/L), combined pulmonary fungal infection, and interstitial lung disease(ILD) as primary disease emerged as high-risk factors for developing the severe disease phenotype following Omicron variant infection in LTRs, with respective OR values of 4.23 (95% CI: 1.68-11.23), 4.76 (95% CI: 1.59-15.64), and 5.13 (95% CI: 1.19-29.17).
Conclusions: LTRs displayed an increased vulnerability to combined lung bacterial or fungal infections following Omicron infection. CRP> 41.8mg/L, ILD as primary disease, and combined pulmonary fungal infection are high-risk factors for developing severe disease.
Trends in incidence and prevalence of diabetes along with mortality attributed to its risk factors and high fasting plasma glucose in United States from 1990 to 2019: a joinpoint regression analysis
Authors: Bastan Mohammad-Mahdi , Golestani Ali , Heidari‐Foroozan Mahsa , Behnoush Amir Hossein , Momtazmanesh Sara , Khanmohammadi Shaghayegh , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
Diabetes is a major public health crisis in the U.S. This study aimed to investigate the temporal trends in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes, as well as mortality attributed to its risk factors and the causes of death resulting from high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) in the U.S.
Methods:
From 1990 to 2019, the estimates of incidence, prevalence, and mortality were retrieved from the Global Health Data Exchange. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to produce the average annual percent change (AAPC), annual percentage change (APC), and the 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results:
From 1990 to 2019, the incidence of diabetes among both sexes in all-age and age-standardized age groups increased by 132.3% and 47.1%, respectively, and the prevalence of diabetes raised by 148.8% and 48.1%, respectively. AAPC estimates of diabetes incidence and prevalence for both sexes increased by 1.3% (CI: 1.2% to 1.5%) and 1.4% (CI: 1.2% to 1.6%), respectively. The age-standardized death rate attributable to HFPG decreased by 8% among both sexes. Excluding cancer subtypes, the greatest increase was noted in chronic kidney disease (CKD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) by 184%, 82.6%, and 47.9%, respectively. Among cancer subtypes, the highest increase was seen in liver and pancreatic cancers, at 209.2% and 68.8%, respectively.
Conclusion:
We witnessed that the incidence and prevalence of diabetes continued to rise in adults accompanied by a shift from conventional HFPG causes of death toward cancers (primarily liver and pancreas) and aging-related diseases (such as CKD, PAD, and AD).
The spectrum of bacterial infectionin a large cohort of Chinese pediatric patients with inborn errors of immunity: a nine-year, retrospective, single-center study
Authors: Zhu Xiaodan , Fu Pan , Wang Wenjie , Ying Wenjing , Sun Bijun , Hou Jia , Hui Xiaoying , Sun Jinqiao , Wang Chuanqing , Zhou Qinhua , Wang Xiaochuan
Published: December 2023

Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) patients with different immune component deficiencies are susceptible to different bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the spectrum of bacterial infection in different classifications of IEI in children. Pediatric patients diagnosed with IEI and detected positive for bacteria considered to be pathogenic were included in this retrospective study. In this study, 1818 medical charts of IEI inpatients were reviewed, and 291 hospitalizations were enrolled, including 244 IEI patients. A total of 363 strains were detected, of which, 84 (23.14%) were gram-positive bacteria, and 279 (76.86%) were gram-negative bacteria. The main bacteria isolated from different IEI classifications were different. Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.68%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.68%) were most isolated from combined immunodeficiencies. Haemophilus influenzae (31.86%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (14.16%) were most isolated from predominant antibody deficiencies. K. pneumoniae (15.68%) and Escherichia coli (11.89%) were most isolated from congenital defects of phagocytes. Specific bacteria had susceptible classifications of IEI. H. influenzae was often isolated in predominant antibody deficiencies (7.83%), Salmonella was often isolated in defects in intrinsic and innate immunity (4.28%), and Staphylococcus aureus was often isolated in combined immunodeficiencies with syndromic features (5.77%). The ratios of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, carbapenem-resistant E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii in IEI patients were 55.17%, 38.10%, 25.71%, 25.81%, and 70.59%, respectively, which were higher than those in non-IEI patients. The IEI in children defines a unique and specific spectrum of bacterial infections. Isolated bacteria from children with IEI have high antimicrobial resistance.
Focus areas for the forward momentum of sub-national action plans on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) - Perspectives from three states in a Low- and middle-income Country
Authors: Baluja Jasmine Ruth , Ranjalkar Jaya , Mathew Philip , Chandy Sujith J , Ranganathan Raghini , Thomas Shruthi Anna
Published: December 2023

Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical public health threat that could impact healthcare systems and economies. The role of national action plans (NAPs) in containing AMR is well-recognized. India has taken multiple steps, including decentralizing action plans by encouraging states to adopt sub-national or state action plans (SAPs) on AMR. Only four states (Out of 28 States and 8 union territories) have a SAP on AMR. To understand the factors and focus areas needed to formulate such SAPs, we report the perspectives of key One Health stakeholders' from three states in India.
Methods
Two states and one union territory that did not have SAPs on AMR were chosen. A desktop situational analysis was done to identify key stakeholders involved in AMR work in these states and understand the AMR challenges in these states. Local public health champions were also invited. One-day consultation meetings were conducted at each site. A total of 118 stakeholders participated in the meetings. Seventeen in-depth interviews were also held with participants after the meetings to add further insights. The inputs from the meetings and in-depth interviews was subjected to latent and manifest content analysis to identify themes.
Results
The meetings and in-depth interviews led to identifying AMR drivers and potential interventional strategies and requirements such as improving awareness with targeted communication strategies, strengthening and expanding surveillance in both human and animal sectors, improving community hygiene, stepping up financing mechanisms, and enhancing governance through multisectoral secretariats. The need to decrease the consumption of antibiotics through a strong foundation of public-private partnerships and the scale-up of stewardship efforts was highlighted. An urgency to integrate AMR strategies into other vertical health programs was noted.
Conclusion
In large lower and middle-income countries, inspite of the presence of NAPs, various challenges exist in containing AMR in states. The perspectives of the stakeholders highlight the focus areas within the NAPs, the contextual challenges, and the need to urgently formulate these SAPs with tailor-made approaches. Utilizing the expertise of multiple stakeholders in each state to materialize SAPs that incorporate these valuable local insights is likely to optimize forward movement.
Emissions cessation yields multi-century cooling
Authors: Tarshish Nathaniel , Jeevanjee Nadir , Fung Inez
Published: December 2023

Predicting the long-term warming commitment from past emissions is hindered by a lack of consensus amongst climate models. As a result, there is very low confidence that reaching net-zero emissions in the coming decades will stabilize the temperature beyond the 21st century. Here we provide a novel means of inferring the multi-century warming commitment directly from observations and established climate metrics. We cease emissions of all greenhouse gases and aerosols, and quantify the post-emissions temperature change by comparing the disequilibrium in the carbon system to the disequilibrium in the ocean’s thermodynamics. Constraining these disequilibria yields a prediction of multi-century cooling of approximately −0.4°C if emissions presently cease. For future emissions pathways, similar constraints indicate multi-century cooling after net-zero. Relative to the peak temperatures at net-zero, idealized theory and climate models of reduced and intermediate complexity predict a long-term decrease of −0.7 to −1.0°C depending on the scenario. These findings build confidence that net-zero mitigation pathways yield declining temperatures beyond the 21st century.
Conductivity and interaction mechanism of polydopamine-graphene oxide: A combined experimental and density functional theory investigation
Authors: jiahao Cheng , Li chunli , Zhaofeng Yang , Jiahao Wang , Peng Yang
Published: December 2023

The electrochemical activity of electrode material plays an important role in enhancing energy storage efficiency in flow batteries (FBs). Polydopamine (PDA) mixed with graphene oxide (GO) exhibited improved performance. However, few studies investigated on the interplay between DA and GO, particularly the influence of GO's functional groups on its adsorption efficacy. In this study, the prepared PDA-GO composites were formed by a straightforward and eco-friendly approach. The impact of the PDA on GO's electrical conductivity and the ratio of the DA-to-GO was explored. Furthermore, the impacts of various oxygen-containing functional groups on the adsorption DA process of GO were thoroughly explored using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Focusing on the adsorption energy, charge density difference, energy gap, and reaction barrier. PDA-GO exhibits the strongest electrical conductivity where the addition ratio of DA-to-GO is 1:2. PDA partially reduction the GO in the process of combining with GO, and the layer spacing increases. DFT calculations indicated that the reduction of DA to GO happens mostly in the epoxy groups, and the basal plane of PDA-GO remains reasonably intact, while the conductivity is greatly improved by the binding of DA to the epoxy groups. DA molecules tend to align parallel to the graphene sheet during the optimization process. The results suggest that a portion of DA molecules infiltrate the interlayer of GO, engaging in π-π and hydrogen bonding interactions with GO during the preparation phase. On the other hand, the epoxy group significantly destroys the π-π interaction between GO and DA, resulting in a reduction in the adsorption energy between the two, whereas the remaining functional groups enhance both. However, the augmentation of the DA adsorption energy by the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the GO is dramatically diminished when the hydroxyl groups on GO reach a particular density owing to the breakdown of the π-π interaction. This study serves as a theoretical foundation for the selective synthesis of PDA-GO composites and fresh ideas for their further utilization in electrode materials.
The use of longitudinal CT-based radiomics and clinicopathological features predicts the pathological complete response of metastasized axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Jia , Tian Cong , Zheng Bing-Jie , Zhang Jiao , Jiao De-Chuang , Qu Jin-Rong , Liu Zhen-Zhen
Published: December 2023

Background
To accurately predict whether the axillary lymph nodes could achieve pCR in breast cancer patients with axillary lymph node metastases.
Methods
We collected imaging data to extract longitudinal CT image features before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), analyzed the correlation between radiomics and clinicopathological features, and developed prediction models. The clinical utility of the models was determined via decision curve analysis (DCA). Subgroup analyses were also performed. Then, a nomogram was developed based on the model with the best predictive efficiency and clinical utility and was validated using the calibration plots.
Results
A total of 549 breast cancer patients with metastasized axillary lymph nodes were enrolled in this study. 42 independent radiomics features were selected from LASSO regression to construct a logistic regression model with clinicopathological features (LR radiomics-clinical combined model). The AUC of the LR radiomics-clinical combined model prediction performance was 0.861 in the training set and 0.891 in the testing set. For the HR+/HER2−, HER2+, and Triple negative subtype, the LR radiomics-clinical combined model yields the best prediction AUCs of 0.756, 0.812, and 0.928 in training sets, and AUCs of 0.757, 0.777 and 0.838 in testing sets, respectively.
Conclusions
The combination of radiomics features and clinicopathological characteristics can effectively predict axillary pCR status in NAC breast cancer patients.
A novel theoretical model of heterogeneous soil-pile interaction for investigating the torsionally loaded pile
Authors: Liu Xin , Tang Liuqing , Naggar M. Hesham El , Li Lichen , Zhang Zhiqing , Sun Jun , Wu Wenbing
Published: December 2023

A new theoretical model of heterogeneous soil-pile interaction (HSPI) in torsion is developed in this study to analyze the behavior of an end-bearing pile under torque. By assuming the surrounding soil as an elastic continuum following a power law variation in shear modulus depth, new governing equations are established for the torsional deformation of the continuous heterogeneous soil and pile system subjected to torque. Separation of variables and principles of Sturm-Liouville theory are applied to solving the governing equations of the pile and soil, taking into account the interaction conditions between the pile and soil. Rigorous solutions are obtained for the twist angle and internal torque along the pile shaft, as well as the shear stress with depth provided by the surrounding soil. Validation of the present HSPI model by comparing with previous theoretical and experimental data indicates the applicability and superiority of the derived solutions. The HSPI model is subsequently applied to conduct extensive arithmetic examples for investigating the torsional response of piles accounting for complex soil heterogeneity patterns and pile configurations. The obtained results can contribute to a deeper understanding of the operational mechanics involved in torsionally loaded piles in heterogeneous soil.
Giardia fibrillarin: a bioinformatics exploration of sequence and structure
Authors: Lagunas-Rangel Francisco Alejandro
Published: December 2023

Purpose
Fibrillin stands out as an S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent nucleolar methyltransferase, marked by significant evolutionary conservation in both sequence and function. It is actively involved in numerous cellular processes, particularly in the early stages of pre-ribosomal RNA processing. Despite the identification of a fibrillarin orthologue in Giardia, an intestinal protozoan parasite that annually causes a considerable number of infections worldwide, its study has been limited. Consequently, the specific structural features and functions of this protein in the parasite remain unknown. In this study, bioinformatics methods were employed to scrutinize the sequence and structure of Giardia fibrillarin in order to obtain information that could facilitate future experimental and targeting studies. Taking advantage of the protein sequence of Giardia fibrillarin, multiple bioinformatics tools were employed to estimate its domains, nuclear and nucleolar localization signals (NLS and NoLS), post-translational modifications, phylogeny and three-dimensional structure. Giardia fibrillarin demonstrates significant conservation, showing closer relationships with archaeal and parasitic amoeba orthologs. It retains the SAM-dependent methyltransferase domain, a glycine- and arginine-rich domain, as well as the NLS and NoLS. While the core region remains structurally highly conserved, the N-terminal region shows significant divergence. Inhibition is feasible using competing SAM inhibitors. Further research is needed on Giardia fibrillarin, given its potential as a promising therapeutic target for tackling giardiasis. This is especially important in cases of strains resistant to current drugs, an increasingly common challenge.
Reliability of the Quality of Life-Aged Care Consumers (QOL-ACC) among older people using aged care services at home
Authors: Khadka Jyoti , Milte Rachel , Hutchinson Claire , Cleland Jenny , Ratcliffe Julie
Published: December 2023

Purpose
The Quality of Life-Aged Care Consumers (QOL-ACC), a valid preference-based instrument, is nationally rolled out in Australia to monitor and benchmark quality of life for all aged care recipients. Therefore, we aimed to assess the reliability of the QOL-ACC and compare its performance with the EQ-5D-5L.
Methods
Aged care recipients at home completed a survey including the QOL-ACC, EQ-5D-5L and two global items for health and quality of life at baseline (T1) and 2 weeks later (T2). The Gwet’s AC2 and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were estimated for the dimensions level and overall scores agreements respectively. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and the smallest detectable change (SDC) were also calculated.
Results
Of the 78 respondents (mean age, 73.4 ± 5.2 years; 55.4% females) who reported no or one level change in their responses on global items for health and quality of life between T1 and T2 were included. The Gwet’AC2 ranged from 0.48 to 0.65 for the QOL-ACC dimensions which were similar to the EQ-5D-5L. The ICC for the QOL-ACC (0.85; 95% CI, 0.77–0.90) was slightly better than the EQ-5D-5L (0.83; 95% CI, 0.74–0.88). The SEM for the QOL-ACC (0.08) was smaller than for the EQ-5D-5L (0.11). The SDC for the QOL-ACC and the EQ-5D-5L for individual subjects were 0.22 and 0.30 respectively.
Conclusions
The QOL-ACC demonstrated an excellent temporal consistency similar to the EQ-5D-5L, supporting its repeated use in aged care settings. Further studies will provide evidence of responsiveness of the QOL-ACC to aged care-specific interventions in aged care settings.
Machine learning algorithms using national registry data to predict loss to follow- up during tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Rodrigues Moreno M. S. , Barreto-Duarte Beatriz , Vinhaes Caian L. , Araújo-Pereira Mariana , Fukutani Eduardo R. , Bergamaschi Keityane Bone , Kristki Afrânio , Cordeiro-Santos Marcelo , Rolla Valeria C. , Sterling Timothy R. , Queiroz Artur T. L. , Andrade Bruno B.
Published: December 2023

Background: Identifying patients at increased risk of loss to follow-up (LTFU) is key to developing strategies to optimize the clinical management of tuberculosis (TB). The use of national registry data in prediction models may be a useful tool to inform healthcare workers about risk of LTFU. Here we developed a score to predict the risk of LTFU during anti-TB treatment (ATT) in a nationwide cohort of cases using clinical data reported to the Brazilian Notifiable Disease Information System (SINAN).
Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all TB cases reported to SINAN between 2015-2022; excluding children (<18 years-old), vulnerable groups or drug-resistant TB. For the score, data before treatment initiation were used. We trained and internally validated three different prediction scoring systems, based on Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Light Gradient Boosting. Before applying our models we split our data into train (~80% data) and test (~20%), and then we compare model metrics using a test data set.
Results: Of the 243,726 cases included, 41,373 experienced LTFU whereas 202,353 were successfully treated and cured. The groups were different with regards to several clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. The directly observed treatment (DOT) was unbalanced between the groups with lower prevalence in those who were LTFU. Three models were developed to predict LTFU using 8 features (prior TB, drug use, age, sex, HIV infection and schooling level) with different score composition approaches. Those prediction scoring system exhibited an area under the curve (AUC) ranging between 0.71 and 0.72. The Light Gradient Boosting technique resulted in the best prediction performance, weighting specificity, and sensibility. A user-friendly web calculator app was created (https://tbprediction.herokuapp.com/) to facilitate implementation.
Conclusions:Our nationwide risk score predicts the risk of LTFU during ATT in Brazilian adults prior to treatment commencement. This is a potential tool to assist in decision-making strategies to guide resource allocation, DOT indications, and improve TB treatment adherence.
A rare case of aneurysmal bone cyst of the anterior clinoid process in an 18-year-old female mimicking optic neuritis
Authors: Shaifi Guive , Hajikarimloo Bardia , Mohammadi Esmaeil , Parandavaji Elham , Dilmaghani Nader Akbari , Ayoobi Niloofar , Jafari Ali
Published: December 2023

Background
Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is an uncommon, benign, vascular multicystic bony lesion that most frequently develops in the first two decades of life. The metaphysis of long bones, pelvic, and vertebral column are the most common locations. The precise underlying pathophysiology of ABCs formation remains unclear; however, it is believed that reactive processes subsequent to trauma or vascular disturbance may play an important role. Involvement of the skull base rarely occurs with a prevalence of up to 5% of intracranial ABCs.
Case presentations:
An 18-year-old adolescent female with a history of progressive blurred vision since three months ago presented to our office. The brain and orbital MRI demonstrated no abnormal findings. After three months of glucocorticoid treatment with the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, the visual impairment of the left eye deteriorated abruptly. The patient underwent an MRI and the imaging study demonstrated a well-defined 30 x 22 x 20 mm lesion at the anterior clinoid process with an extension to the optic canal and ethmoid sinus. The patient underwent pterional craniotomy and the tumor was resected. The histopathological examination was suggestive of ABC.
Conclusion
ABC and other conditions should be considered in young-age people with an early unilateral decline in vision and imaging studies should be obtained in early stages and during follow-ups.
Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cervical cancer via ZEB1
Authors: Qi Jie , Li Jie , Zhu Xiaoyan , Wang Pei , Wang Yazhao , Ren Yanan , Zhang Junqin , Zhao Jing , Zhao Sufen
Published: December 2023

Aim
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) promoting cervical cancer cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics through zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1)/EMT pathway.
Objective
The anticancer mechanism of aloe-emodin (AE) and its relationship with ESM1/ZEB1 signaling pathway were analyzed.
Method
In this study, the correlation between ESM1 expression and the prognosis of cervical cancer patients were analyzed by bioinformatics. Herein, SiHa, HeLa cell lines, and corresponding control cell lines with stable ESM1 expression were obtained. The CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation ability. In addition, the invasion and migration ability of Hela and SiHa cells were detected by Transwell assay and scratch closure assay. Meanwhile, real-time PCR was used to detect expressions of EMT-related markers E-cadherin and Vimentin. The ability of silenced ESM1 to tumor formation in vivo was detected by tumor formation in nude mice. The same method was used to analyze the effects of aloe-emodin (AE) on inhibiting ESM1 expression and its inhibitory effect on cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. ESM1 was highly expressed in cervical cancer, and the high expression of ESM1 was associated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients.
Result
CCK-8 results showed that the proliferation, invasion, and migration of Hela and SiHa cells were reduced after siRNA interfered with ESM1 expression. Overexpression of ESM1 promoted the proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells. Mechanism studies have shown that the oncogenic effect of ESM1 was realized through the ZEB1/PI3K/AKT pathway. High throughput drug screening found that AE can target ESM1. Inhibitory effect of AE on ESM1/ZEB1/EMT signaling pathway and cervical cancer cells.
Conclusion
The silencing of ESM1 expression may inhibit the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of cervical cancer cells by inhibiting ZEB1/PI3K/AKT. AE is a potential treatment for cervical cancer, which can play an anti-tumor role by inhibiting ESM1/ZEB1 axis.
A mixed methods study of schema modes amongst people living with disordered eating
Authors: Marney Clare , Reid Marie , Wright Bernice
Published: December 2023

Background
Schema therapy (ST) is a promising alternative therapy for the treatment of eating disorders (EDs). Schema modes (SMs) are a key component of ST and individuals with EDs have more maladaptive SMs and weaker healthy ones.
Methods
Aim was to explore schema modes within individuals living with disordered eating. Sixteen individuals without prior exposure to schema therapy completed the short form schema mode inventory for eating disorders questionnaire (SMI-ED-SF), then participated in semi-structured interviews discussing their high scoring modes.
Results
By thematic analysis, themes were: 1) Adverse family environments with the subthemes Trauma and the vulnerable and angry child and Unrealistic standards – Demand & Control, 2) Mode effects with the subthemes of On everyday life and On disordered eating, 3) Modes protective factors with the subthemes Emotion avoidance - Detach and Soothe and People pleasing - Compliance and Surrender and 4) Help Seeking with the subthemes Barriers to recovery, Dissatisfaction with treatment and ST as an alternative. Experiences were linked to the vulnerable child (VC) and angry child (AC) modes in their current lives and the employment of maladaptive modes to quell or block their activation and subsequent emotions.
Discussion
Participants found schema modes a positive and helpful way of way of understanding their disordered eating behaviours, despite that many reported prior negative experiences of other psychological therapy. This suggests that schema modes are a promising way of understanding and working with eating disorders.
Soft Margin Spectral Normalization for GANs
Authors: Rogachev Alexander , Ratnikov Fedor
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we explore the use of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to speed up the simulation process while ensuring that the generated results are consistent in terms of physics metrics. Our main focus is the application of spectral normalization for GANs to generate electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) response data, which is a crucial component of the LHCb. We propose an approach that allows to balance between model's capacity and stability during training procedure, compare it with previously published ones and study the relationship between proposed method's hyperparameters and quality of generated objects. We show that the tuning of normalization method's hyperparameters boosts the quality of generative model.
Calibration of urban water distribution networks and investigation of different placement scenarios of pressure relief valves: A case study in Western zone of Poldokhtar-Iran
Authors: Mamizadeh Jafar , Abdullahi Seyyed Hamed , Kia Fakhreddin Moradi , Riyahi Mohammad Mehdi
Published: December 2023

One of the most critical problems of water distribution networks (WDNs) in Iran is the lack of water pressure in the network and the lack of satisfaction from the customers. The present research investigated hydraulic modeling, calibration, and different placement scenarios of pressure relief valves (PRV) within the Poldakhter WDN (Western zone) to solve the problems above. According to the selected objective function and the range of changes in the roughness coefficient and consumption, the optimization was conducted using the genetic algorithm (GA) inside hydraulic software. Hydraulic simulation showed that the pressure head in 18% of nodes in the network is more than 45 meters, while it is less than 15 m in 51% of the nodes. The results from the five proposed scenarios show a significant improvement regarding the WDN's performance, and pressure heads lower than 15 m can be reached in less than one percent of the network.
Deep learning approach for Amharic sentiment analysis using scraped social media data
Authors: Getachew Yeshewas
Published: December 2023

Deep learning has emerged as a powerful machine learning technique that learns multiple layers of representations or features of the data and produces state-of-the-art prediction results. Along with the success of deep learning in many other application domains, deep learning is also popularly used in sentiment analysis in recent years. Social media is now playing a vital role in influencing people's sentiment in favors or against a government or an organization. Therefore, to understand the sentiment of any posting in social media an efficient method is an ultimate necessity. We have analyzed some Facebook postings to understand socio-political sentiments. Among this broad scope we have done on this research applying the state of the art in sentiment analysis on Amharic language using deep learning approach in socio-political domain. The further preparation of the dataset on the other domain enhance the language so on this research try to show the data extracted from Fana broadcasting corporation official Facebook page using Graph Application interface of Facebook social media on immigration, war and public relation issues and prepare the data for further preprocessing. After collecting thus data from the FBC using post_id all preprocessing steps tokenization, stop word removal, stemming of the sentence are undertaken. The manual annotation of the sentence extracted data contain both the text file and Emoji are annotated using linguistic experts in seven class, positive, very positive, extremely positive, neutral, negative, very negative and extremely negative class by considering the effect of most common Emoji. Using the Scikit-learn feature extraction classes, Count Vectorizer and TF-IDF Vectorizer the researcher build the feature extraction method to use our custom vocabulary. We test both feature extractors and find that our model performs better with Count Victories as it offers a simple representation of our data. To evaluate the performances of the systems we have collected 11,000 reviews from immigration, war and public relation domains. Then we evaluate our system training and validation accuracy using three experiments by changing training and testing split 90%,10%:80%,20%:70%,30%, the size of the dataset, the number of epochs and network layers. Accordingly, on the first experiment register 90.1% average training accuracy and 90.1% average validation accuracy performances were obtained by the first method. The second method achieves an average training of 82.4% and an average validation accuracy of 40% performances obtained. The third experiment conducted by increasing the number of data set 1600 and five network layers we get 70.1 training accuracy and 40.1 validation accuracy. The results show that this study is promising. A preprint of this research article is previously been published in researchgate by the author [1].
Classification of substances by health hazard using deep neural networks and molecular electron densities
Authors: Singh Satnam , Zeh Gina , Freiherr Jessica , Bauer Thilo , Türkmen Işik , Grasskamp Andreas
Published: December 2023

In this paper we present a method that allows leveraging 3D electron density information to train a deep neural network pipeline to segment regions of high, medium and low electronegativity and classify substances as health hazardous or non-hazardous. We show that this can be used for use-cases such as cosmetics and food products. For this purpose, we first generate 3D electron density cubes using semiempirical molecular calculations for a custom European Chemical Agency (ECHA) subset consisting of substances labelled as hazardous and non-hazardous for cosmetic usage. Together with their 3-class electronegativity maps we train a modified 3D-UNet with electron density cubes to segment reactive sites in molecules and classify substances with an accuracy of 78.1%. We perform the same process on a custom food dataset (CompFood) consisting of hazardous and non-hazardous substances compiled from European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) OpenFoodTox, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) and FooDB datasets to achieve a classification accuracy of 64.1%. Our results show that 3D electron densities and particularly masked electron densities denoting regions of high and low reactivity can be used to classify molecules for different use-cases and thus serve not only to guide safe-by-design product development but also aid in regulatory decisions.
Urban Care for Unpaid Caregivers: community' voices in the Care Block program, in Bogotá, Colombia.
Authors: Guevara-Aladino Paula , Sarmiento Olga Lucia , Rubio María Alejandra , Gómez-García Lina María , Doueiri Zakaria Nadeem , Martínez Diego , King Abby C. , Hurtado Adriana , Banchoff Ann , Guzmán Luis A. , Álvarez María José , Palencia Leonardo
Published: December 2023

The Care Blocks of Bogotá, Colombia, are an urban planning program that offers services for low-income unpaid caregivers and their dependents. This study aimed to i) characterize the experiences of unpaid caregivers in the areas of well-being and physical activity levels and the use of public spaces linked to the Care Block; ii) identify caregivers’ perceived built and social environment facilitators and barriers to access and use the Care Block facility; and iii) document the community-led advocacy process to further advance benefits of the Care Block program. The quantitative component included a survey and the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) instrument. The qualitative component used the Our Voice citizen science method augmented with portable virtual reality equipment to engage participants in advocacy for community changes. Participants (N=21; photos and audio recordings=257) had a median age of 53 years (IQR = 40-63) and dedicated a median of 13.5 hours a day to unpaid caregiving. SOPARC evaluation results (108 observed participants) showed that most women (87.13%) engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity (e.g., dancing). The caregivers highlighted education, physical activity services, and integration of facilities as facilitators to accessing the Care Block program. Poor quality and lack of sidewalks and roads, limited personal safety, and the risk of pedestrian-vehicle collisions were identified as barriers. Virtual Reality helped promote data visualization and create a compelling opportunity to spark dialogue between participants and stakeholders. This study allowed stakeholders to reflect on an urban initiative facilitating unpaid care work.
The antimicrobial peptide Merecidin Inhibit the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer by obstructing EMT via miR-30d-5p/vimentin
Authors: song jinxuan , ma fei , he min , wang xiuqing
Published: December 2023

LL-37 is an important innate immune effector molecule with great potential in antitumor therapy. Merecidin retains the most active active fragment in LL-37 with antitumor biological activity and stability. This study mainly explores the inhibitory effect of antimicrobial peptide Merecidin on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and the mechanism of inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by regulating miR-30d-5p/vimentin, thereby inhibiting breast cancer metastasis. The results showed that the Merecidin was able to inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion capacity and EMT of TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) in vitro. Laser confocal localization showed that Merecidin was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of TNBC cells, and the RT-qPCR results showed that miR-30d-5p was poorly expressed in TNBC cells, and Merecidin could significantly upregulate the expression of miR-30d-5p. In addition, the Dual-luciferase reporter and q-PCR results confirmed that miR-30d-5p binds to vimentin and negatively regulates vimentin. At the same time, pull down experiments showed that Merecidin can bind to vimentin in vitro. In addition, scratch experiments and Transwell experiments showed that miR-30d-5p inhibited the migration and invasion ability of TNBC cells, while vimentin promoted the migration and invasion ability of TNBC cells. Finally, down-regulation of miR-30d-5p or overexpression of vimentin could partially counteract the inhibitory effect of Merecidin on TNBC cell migration, invasion ability and EMT. In the nude mouse MDA-MB-231 subcutaneous tumor model, Merecidin significantly inhibited tumor growth and cell proliferation and upregulated the expression of miR-30d-5p in tumor tissues, inhibiting the expression of vimentin and EMT. In conclusion, Merecidin can effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of TNBC cancer cells; localization in the cytoplasm; By regulating miR-30d-5p/vimentin, it can effectively hinder the EMT process, thereby effectively inhibiting the migration and invasion of TNBC cells. These findings provide new insights into the molecular function of Merecidin, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for TNBC.
Seasonal dynamics of endophytic fungal diversity Grevillea robusta (Silver oak) trees
Authors: Altaye Girma , Agete Ashefet , Talebi Ebrahim
Published: December 2023

This study delves into the impact of seasonal variations on the diversity of endophytic fungi inhabiting the foliage of Grevillea robusta trees along highways in Hawassa City, Ethiopia. With 765 fungal isolates categorized into 73 distinct morphotaxa, 90.41% were identified across eight known genera, leaving 9.58% unidentified. Notably, Phoma and Pestalotiopsis emerged as the most diverse genera, presenting 13 and 11 morphotaxa respectively, while Alternaria and Xylaria showed lower diversity with 3 and 2 morphotaxa each. The research unveiled heightened fungal counts and diversity in trees situated in more polluted environments, leaves sampled during dry seasons, those exhibiting signs of disease, lower leaf sections, and midrib samples. These findings underscore the rich assortment of endophytic fungi associated with Grevillea robusta leaves within roadside plantations in Hawassa City, emphasizing the need for further exploration of this fungal community's dynamics. Understanding the pivotal role of these endophytic fungi in tree health, ecosystem resilience, and potential applications in agriculture, forestry, and biotechnology remains imperative.