bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of various channel equalization techniques in OFDM system using different digital modulations
Authors: Manhas Pratima , Soni M.K.
Published: December 2016

The nature of future wireless applications requires high data rates and for this OFDM technique is used. OFDM stands for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and is a type of multi-carrier transmission where all the subcarriers are orthogonal to each other. At high data rates, the channel distortion to the data is very important and it is somewhat impossible to recover the transmitted data with a simple receiver. So a complex receiver structure is needed which uses computationally expensive equalization and channel estimation algorithms to estimate the channel. These estimations can be used within the received data to recover the originally transmitted data. OFDM can simplify the equalization problem by changing the frequency-selective channel into a flat channel. The radio channels in mobile radio systems are usually multipath fading channels that results in intersymbol interference (ISI) in the received signal. To remove ISI from the signal, many kind of equalizers can be used. The need for equalizers arises from the fact that the channel has amplitude and phase dispersion which results in the interference of the transmitted signals with one another which is known as ISI .So, to solve this problem equalizers are designed. Equalizer is intend to work in such a way that Bit Error Rate (BER) should be low and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) should be high. An equalizer within a receiver compensates for the average range of expected channel amplitude and delay characteristics. This paper deals with the various equalization techniques (LMS, RLS and CMA) used for OFDM system .A comparative analysis of different equalization technique in terms of BER is done using MATLAB Simulink.
Voltage Instability Analysis for Electrical Power System Using Voltage Stabilty Margin and Modal Analysis
Authors: Mohamad Nor Ahmad Fateh , Sulaiman Marizan , Abdul Kadir Aida Fazliana , Omar Rosli
Published: December 2016

Voltage instability analysis in electric power system is one of the most important factors in order to maintain the equilibrium of the power system. A power system is said to be unstable if the system is not able to maintain the voltage at all buses in the system remain unchanged after the system is being subjected to a disturbance.The research work presented in this paper is about the analysis of voltage instability of electric power system by using voltage stability margin (VSM), load real power (P) margin, reactive power (Q) margin, reactive power-voltage (QV) and real power-voltage (PV) modal analysis. IEEE 30-bus system has been chosen as the power system. The load flow analysis are simulated by using Power World Simulator software version 16. Both QV and PV modal analysis were done by using MATLAB application software.
Insulating Material Erosion in Atmospheric Non-Thermal Plasma Jet Device
Authors: Ahmed Kamal M , Allam Tarek M , Abouelatta Mohamed Anwar , Ward Sayed A , Lashin Ahmed A , Soliman Hanaa M
Published: December 2016

This paper reports on the selection of insulating material types in a developed atmospheric-pressure non-thermal plasma jet (ANPJ-II) device which was operated previously in our laboratory based on the minimum erosion area of the insulator’s nozzle. Three identical insulator groups used in our experiment include; Teflon insulator material with different thicknesses of 1.5 mm and 2 mm respectively, and Ceramic insulating material with thickness of 2 mm. ANPJ-II device is operated with each of the three insulator groups. These insulators are operated and analyzed with different operation times for compressed Air or Nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 12 L/min and input voltage of 6 kV.  The erosion area of these insulator materials is measured as a function of the operation time. The Ceramic insulator was found to have the minimum erosion area. Also, the temperature of both the cathode and the insulating material (Teflon or Ceramic) are measured to study the effect of operation time and the gas type on the device components.
Performance Evaluation of 3Φ Asymmetrical MLI with Reduced Switch Count
Authors: Balamurugan Chinnapettai Ramalingam , Natarajan S.P. , Anandhi T.S.
Published: December 2016

The multi level inverter system is habitually exploited in AC drives, when both reduced harmonic contents and high power are required. In this paper, a new topology for three phase asymmetrical multilevel inverter employing reduced number of switches is introduced. With less number of switches, the cost, space and weight of the circuit are automatically reduced. This paper discusses the new topology, the switching strategies and the operational principles of the chosen inverter. Simulation is carried out using MATLAB-SIMULINK. Various conventional PWM techniques that are appropriate to the chosen circuit such as PDPWM, PODPWM, APODPWM, VFPWM and COPWM are employed in this work. COPWM technique affords the less THD value and also affords a higher fundamental RMS output voltage.
Comparison of Five Level and Seven Level Inverter Based Static Compensator System
Authors: Ramya G. , Ganapathy V.
Published: December 2016

The STATCOM is one of the shunt type FACTS controllers which can supply reactive power and improve bus voltage. STATCOM has advantages like transient free switching and smooth variation of reactive power. This paper deals with the comparison of five level and seven level based STATCOM systems. Usually DC output from the PV source is amplified using a single boost converter. The output of the boost converter is applied to the multilevel inverter system. The ability of STATCOM to improve the receiving end voltage is analyzed using the proposed boost converter. The performance of five level and seven level STATCOM systems are compared in terms of THD and receiving end voltage
Density Based Clustering of Hotspots in Peatland with Road and River as Physical Obstacles
Authors: Wijaya Prima Trie , Sitanggang Imas Sukaesih , Syaufina Lailan
Published: December 2016

Indonesia has the largest peatland area among tropical countries, covering about 21 milions ha, which spread mainly in Sumatera, Kalimantan, and Papua. Land and forest fires occur almost every year in peatland areas in Indonesia. One of indicators for forest and land fires is hotspot. The objective of this study is to group hotspots with road and river as obstacles using the CPO-WCC (Clustering in Presence of Obstacles with Computed number of Cells) algorithm. Clusters of hotspot data were analyzed based on peatland area distribution. This study also evaluates the results of clustering on peatlands in order to obtain the best clusters. Clustering using CPO-WCC algorithm produces three clusters of hotspot. The area of dense cluster is 10202.10 km2 with number of hotspots per km2 is 0.985. The higest number of hotspots occurrence is found in peatland with type of Hemists /Saprists (60/40) and depth greater than 400 cm.
National Trends and Impact of Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Hemodialysis in Hospitalizations With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Chan Lili , Mehta Swati , Chauhan Kinsuk , Poojary Priti , Patel Sagar , Pawar Sumeet , Patel Achint , Correa Ashish , Patel Shanti , Garimella Pranav S. , Annapureddy Narender , Agarwal Shiv Kumar , Gidwani Umesh , Coca Steven G. , Nadkarni Girish N.
Published: December 2016

Background

Atrial fibrillation (
AF
) is a common cause for hospitalization, but there are limited data regarding acute kidney injury requiring dialysis (
AKI
‐D) in
AF
hospitalizations. We aimed to assess temporal trends and outcomes in
AF
hospitalizations complicated by
AKI
‐D utilizing a nationally representative database.

Methods and Results

Utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample,
AF
hospitalizations and
AKI
‐D were identified using diagnostic and procedure codes. Trends were analyzed overall and within subgroups and utilized multivariable logistic regression to generate adjusted odds ratios (a
OR
) for predictors and outcomes including mortality and adverse discharge. Between 2003 and 2012, 3751 (0.11%) of 3 497 677
AF
hospitalizations were complicated by
AKI
‐D. The trend increased from 0.3/1000 hospitalizations in 2003 to 1.5/1000 hospitalizations in 2012, with higher increases in males and black patients. Temporal changes in demographics and comorbidities explained a substantial proportion but not the entire trend. Significant comorbidities associated with
AKI
‐D included mechanical ventilation (a
OR
13.12; 95%
CI
9.88‐17.43); sepsis (a
OR
8.20; 95%
CI
6.00‐11.20); and liver failure (a
OR
3.72; 95%
CI
2.92‐4.75).
AKI
‐D was associated with higher risk of in‐hospital mortality (a
OR
3.54; 95%
CI
2.81‐4.47) and adverse discharge (a
OR
4.01; 95%
CI
3.12‐5.17). Although percentage mortality within
AKI
‐D decreased over the decade, attributable risk percentage mortality remained stable.

Conclusions

AF
hospitalizations complicated by
AKI
‐D have quintupled over the last decade with differential increase by demographic groups.
AKI
‐D is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Without effective
AKI
‐D therapies, focus should be on early risk stratification and prevention to avoid this devastating complication.
Human Muse Cells Reconstruct Neuronal Circuitry in Subacute Lacunar Stroke Model
Authors: Uchida Hiroki , Niizuma Kuniyasu , Kushida Yoshihiro , Wakao Shohei , Tominaga Teiji , Borlongan Cesario V. , Dezawa Mari
Published: December 2016

Background and Purpose—

Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (muse) cells are endogenous nontumorigenic stem cells with pluripotency harvestable as pluripotent marker SSEA-3
+
cells from the bone marrow from cultured bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells. After transplantation into neurological disease models, muse cells exert repair effects, but the exact mechanism remains inconclusive.

Methods—

We conducted mechanism-based experiments by transplanting serum/xeno-free cultured-human bone marrow-muse cells into the perilesion brain at 2 weeks after lacunar infarction in immunodeficient mice.

Results—

Approximately 28% of initially transplanted muse cells remained in the host brain at 8 weeks, spontaneously differentiated into cells expressing NeuN (≈62%), MAP2 (≈30%), and GST-pi (≈12%). Dextran tracing revealed connections between host neurons and muse cells at the lesioned motor cortex and the anterior horn. Muse cells extended neurites through the ipsilateral pyramidal tract, crossed to contralateral side, and reached to the pyramidal tract in the dorsal funiculus of spinal cord. Muse-transplanted stroke mice displayed significant recovery in cylinder tests, which was reverted by the human-selective diphtheria toxin. At 10 months post-transplantation, human-specific Alu sequence was detected only in the brain but not in other organs, with no evidence of tumor formation.

Conclusions—

Transplantation at the delayed subacute phase showed muse cells differentiated into neural cells, facilitated neural reconstruction, improved functions, and displayed solid safety outcomes over prolonged graft maturation period, indicating their therapeutic potential for lacunar stroke.
Marasmioid and gymnopoid fungi of the Republic of Korea. 8. Gymnopus section Impudicae
Authors: RYOO RHIM , ANTONÍN VLADIMÍR , KA KANG-HYEON , TOMŠOVSKÝ MICHAL
Published: December 2016

Collections of Gymnopus sect. Impudicae from the Republic of Korea are evaluated. Three recorded species (G. densilamellatus, G. similis, and G. variicolor) are described as new for the science: Gymnopus densilamellatus is macroscopically characterized as having a brown to reddish brown, sometimes pale ochraceous and later whitish pileus and crowded lamellae. Gymnopus similis has an ochraceous-grey, brownish orange or brownish red pileus, and moderately distant, whitish, later dirty yellowish, greyish, or brownish orange or light brown lamellae. Gymnopus variicolor is characterized by a reddish brown, brownish red or violet brown pileus drying-up to light brown or brown, greyish brown or greyish red, later pale brownish orange lamellae, and greyish brown or greyish red pileus, grey-brown, light to reddish brown in upper part. Gymnopus dysodes is recorded for the first time in Korea. The morphological characteristics of the species are provided with a key for their identification. The taxonomic positions of all taxa are confirmed by the DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region and the large subunit of ribosomal rRNA gene.
A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post-lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock)
Authors: KOZŁOWSKA ANNA
Published: December 2016

Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002 is assigned to a new genus Semigothograptus. New, well preserved material from the dubius/nassa Biozone (upper Homerian, Silurian) of the Bartoszyce IG-1 drill core Poland is described. This provides a new phylogenetic perspective on the evolution of post-lundgreni Event retiolitines. Semigothograptus meganassa is considered to be a descendant of Gothograptus nassa, although one of the most significant differences between these forms is the position of the nema, and narrow finite tubarium ending in an appendix in G. nassa. S. meganassa possesses looping meshes of the ancora umbrella recognised in Gothograptus, Papiliograptus, and Baculograptus and shares the common characters of all stratigraphical younger retiolitines. It is recognised that the S. meganassa is known from four terrains: Avalonia, Baltica, Bohemia, and Saxo-Thuringia. Analysis of the genicular hoods of nassa type, characteristic of Gothograptus nassa, Gothograptus kozlowskii, Semigothograptus meganassa, and Neogothograptus eximinassa, demonstrates their unique, solid bandage construction.
Redescription and Range Extension of Microhyla sholigari Dutta & Ray (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from South West India
Authors: SESHADRI KADABA SHAMANNA , PRITI H. , RAVIKANTH G. , VIDISHA M. K. , VINEETH K. K. , SINGAL RAMIT , SARMA R. R. , ARAVIND N. A. , GURURAJA KOTAMBYLU VASUDEVA
Published: December 2016

Microhyla sholigari is an endangered frog described in the year 2000. The original description was based on non-adult types and lacked information on several morphological characters, call structure, genetic material and photographs of the animal in life. The absence of such information posed challenges in field identification of this species. Since the original description, there is one other reported sighting of this species from Kerala in 2001. We encountered specimens that we confer to this species based on morphological similarity to the subadult holotype, from several new localities within and outside the Western Ghats of Karnataka. We here redescribe the species based on additional adult vouchers, provide molecular data, describe the advertisement call and report a range extension. Based on its current distribution, we assess the threat status of the species and suggest listing it as Least Concern according to IUCN Red List criteria. Our paper bridges an important gap in the knowledge of the genus Microhyla in India and highlights the importance of systematic surveys in documenting and understanding amphibian diversity in the region.
A simple and quick method of displaying liquid-preserved morphological structures for microphotography
Authors: SU YOU NING
Published: December 2016

Stabilising microstructures and small organisms for microphotography can be frustrating. If it is desired to take photographs in water from structures just cleared in potassium hydroxide, some sort of stabilisation is necessary otherwise the structures drift. Similarly, specimens taken from glycerol or alcohol, or those placed in alcohol, drift even more as the alcohol evaporates. Bits of crushed coverslip, glass beads, micro pins and dobs of Vaseline® have all been used to help keep the structures in place. In an attempt to solve the problem of “drifting genitalia” a simple solution was inadvertently discovered. A method used for whole insects by Sam Droege and his colleagues of the United States Geological Survey (Droege 2016; USGS Bee Inventory and Monitoring Lab 2016) was adapted for use with insect genitalia.
Impact of antiretroviral therapy on clinical outcomes in HIV+ kidney transplant recipients: Review of 58 cases
Authors: Rosa Rossana , Suarez Jose F. , Lorio Marco A. , Morris Michele I. , Abbo Lilian M. , Simkins Jacques , Guerra Giselle , Roth David , Kupin Warren L. , Mattiazzi Adela , Ciancio Gaetano , Chen Linda J. , Burke George W. , Figueiro Jose M. , Ruiz Phillip , Camargo Jose F.
Published: December 2016

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) poses challenging drug-drug interactions with immunosuppressant agents in transplant recipients.  We aimed to determine the impact of specific antiretroviral regimens in clinical outcomes of HIV+ kidney transplant recipients. Methods: A single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted at a large academic center. Subjects included 58 HIV- to HIV+ adult, first-time kidney transplant patients. The main intervention was ART regimen used after transplantation.  The main outcomes assessed at one- and three-years were: patient survival, death-censored graft survival, and biopsy-proven acute rejection; we also assessed serious infections within the first six months post-transplant. Results: Patient and graft survival at three years were both 90% for the entire cohort. Patients receiving protease inhibitor (PI)-containing regimens had lower patient survival at one and three years than patients receiving PI-sparing regimens: 85% vs. 100% (p=0.06) and 82% vs. 100% (p=0.03), respectively. Patients who received PI-containing regimens had twelve times higher odds of death at 3 years compared to patients who were not exposed to PIs (odds ratio, 12.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.31-1602; p=0.02).  Three-year death-censored graft survival was lower in patients receiving PI vs. patients on PI-sparing regimens (82 vs 100%, p=0.03). Patients receiving integrase strand transfer inhibitors-containing regimens had higher 3-year graft survival. There were no differences in the incidence of acute rejection by ART regimen. Individuals receiving PIs had a higher incidence of serious infections compared to those on PI-sparing regimens (39 vs. 8%, p=0.01). Conclusions: PI-containing ART regimens are associated with adverse outcomes in HIV+ kidney transplant recipients.
Transnationalist Spirituality of Rabindranath Tagore
Authors: Dutta Ashim
Published: December 2016

Focusing on a selection of Rabindranath Tagore’s essays, lectures, and a few of his creative works, this essay draws attention to the spiritual orientation of Tagore’s transnationalism. In his vast and multifaceted writings, Tagore offers an alternative vision of transnational union of humanity, different from and often resistant to nationalist distributions of human relationship. Through close readings of Tagore’s works, this essay complicates Orientalist notions of the East-West polarities. While strongly opposing Western imperialist ideology, Tagore was always frank about his trust in and indebtedness to the liberal humanist values of the West. On the other hand, despite upholding Indian or Eastern spirituality, he was critically aware of the social and political crises of the contemporary East. A large volume of his works betrays his scepticism about any political solution to national and international problems. What he promotes is a spiritual concord of the best in Western and Eastern cultures, connecting the liberal humanist conscience of the West with the harmonizing, all-inclusive spiritual wisdom of the East. Neither completely secular nor thoroughly religious in an institutional sense, the transnationalist spirituality of Tagore bridges the gap between the secular humanism of Western modernity and the mystic–religious spirituality of Eastern antiquity, offering nuanced perspectives on both. 
Livros de ocorrência: Violência e indisciplina em escolas de território vulnerável
Authors: Vóvio Claudia Lemos , Ribeiro Vanda Mendes , Novaes Luiz Carlos , Bravo Maria Helena
Published: December 2016

Este artigo propõe categorias para a análise de registros de livros de ocorrências de duas escolas públicas e verifica sua pertinência para a compreensão do clima escolar nessas instituições, inseridas em territórios vulneráveis. A violência e a indisciplina, nesses contextos, são consideradas como relevantes para compreender o que se passa no interior dessas instituições. A base documental consta de uma série histórica de sete livros de cada uma das escolas, produzidos entre 2007 e 2013. Destaca-se a grande diferença observada entre as escolas, tanto na quantidade de registros como em sua distribuição entre categorias. Guardadas essas diferenças e o peso de fatores externos sobre essas escolas, ambas notificam com frequência situações que colocam em risco a integridade física ou moral dos alunos, o que, na percepção de seus relatores, denota ambientes pouco seguros, com exposição à violência e problemas relativos à mediação de conflitos e à convivência democrática. Numa das escolas há maior ênfase em notificações de indisciplina, o que pode expressar tanto a atenção dos profissionais da escola aos eventos que colocam em risco a manutenção da autoridade e o cumprimento de normas de convívio na esfera das relações entre alunos e professores, como a reação dos alunos frente ao sistema disciplinar instalado. Na outra, há um número expressivo de notificações relativas à rotina escolar, que pesam sobre sua organização. Os resultados indicam ainda o necessário apoio de órgãos administrativos para que escolas de territórios vulneráveis consigam fazer face às situações que afetam seu clima escolar.
The effect of frame-to-glazing ratio on the thermal efficiency of windows
Authors: NÉMETH Dóra , ELEK László
Published: December 2016

Az energiahatékonyság iránti igény gyorsan növekszik. Az épületek energetikai tulajdonságának javítását és a megtakarítási lehetőségek minél jobb kihasználását célzó energetikai direktívák, rendeletek közvetlenül hatnak az
épületek homlokzatának szerves részét képező ablakszerkezetekre, hiszen egy épület energetikai mérlegében nagy szerepet töltenek be a különböző nyílászáró szerkezetek. Ablakok esetében a hőátbocsátási tényező számítással való meghatározására az EN
ISO 10077-1:2005 és EN ISO 10077-2:2004 szabványok adnak útmutatást. A cikk egy adott ablaktípus esetében 15 különböző tok külméretnek megfelelő keret-üveg arány mellett meghatározott hőátbocsátási értékek vizsgálatával mutatja be, hogy ugyanazon
ablakszerkezet különböző méretéből adódóan milyen eltérések adódnak. A hőátbocsátási tényezőket a vonatkozó szabványoknak megfelelően a THERM végeselemes, és a WINDOW numerikus folyadékmechanika módszert alkalmazó szoftverrel határoztuk
meg.

Megállapítottuk, hogy egy korszerű, háromrétegű üvegezéssel ellátott ablak esetében a gyakorlatban várható legkisebb és legnagyobb méret esetében érvényes eredő hőátbocsátási tényező értékei közötti eltérés 20%-os
mértékű. Ekkora eltérést már figyelembe kell venni az ablak, mint építési célú termék teljesítményjellemzőinek CE jelölésen belüli deklarálásánál, valamint az ablak adott hőtechnikai teljesítményre való tervezésénél is.
An overview and evaluation of Hungarian publications required for material science examinations of poplar wood species
Authors: PAPP Éva Annamária , HORVÁTH Norbert
Published: December 2016

A Nyugat-magyarországi Egyetem „Alacsony sűrűségű faanyag fiziko-mechanikai és felületfizikai tulajdonságainak komplex elemzése” címmel (azonosító: K116-216), Országos Tudományos Kutatási Alapprogram pályázatot nyert,
melynek keretein belül a hazai nyárfa és különös tekintettel a Pannónia nyár (Populus x euramericana cv. Pannónia) állományok felmérésére és sokrétű vizsgálatára kerül sor. A pályázat fő célja a hazai, különböző termőhelyekről
származó, ültetvényes nyár faanyag szerkezeti felhasználásának előkészítésére elvégzett anatómiai, mechanikai és felületfizikai vizsgálatok elvégzése. A pályázat első fél évében a hazai releváns irodalmak feltárására koncentráltunk annak érdekében,
hogy a terepi munkák megkezdéséhez szükséges információkkal rendelkezzünk. A publikációk feltárásakor a hazai releváns publikációk megismerése volt a cél, amely során a szaporítóanyag aktuális helyzete, az erdősültségi szempontok, a nyártermesztés,
valamint az anatómiai és szerkezeti tulajdonságok tekintetében közölt publikációk, felmérések, kutatási eredmények feldolgozását végeztük el.
Important elements of sawmill efficiency
Authors: PÁSZTORY Zoltán , CZIMONDOR Dániel , BARISKA Mihály
Published: December 2016

A fűrészipar – mint a legtöbb üzleti vállalkozás – nyereségorientált piaci szektor, amelynek a célja a rendelkezésre álló nyersanyag hatékony feldolgozása a lehető legjobb minőségű és értékű termékké, illetve annak
értékesítése partnerek számára. Céljai eléréséhez erőforrásait úgy kell optimalizálni, hogy a rendelkezésre álló eszközeit a legjobban kihasználja. Munkánk során összegyűjtöttük azokat a fő tényezőket, amelyeket megvizsgálva és szükség esetén
újraszervezve hatékonyabb működés érhető el. Hazai és nemzetközi példákon szemléltetjük a tőke, a teljesítőképesség, a kihasználtság, az alapanyag, a termék és az energia szerepét a fafeldolgozás sikerességében. Az eredmények rámutatnak, hogy a
termelősorok kihasználtsága, a fajlagos költség meghatározása, a szárítási folyamat veszteségei és a szűk keresztmetszetek területén történő optimalizálás jelentős gazdasági előnyökhöz juttathatják a vállalkozást.
Moisture content measurement of stacked wood with electro-magnetic waves
Authors: MAJOR Balázs , DIVÓS Ferenc
Published: December 2016

A faanyag átvétele során visszatérő probléma, hogy a teherautókon szállított tűzifának illetve rostfának csak a tömegét tudják gyorsan és pontosan megmérni, a felhasználót viszont a szárazanyag-tartalom érdekli, az alapján
kíván fizetni. Ez különösen igaz a fatüzelésű erőművekre, forgácslap-gyárakra. A mai nedvességtartalom mérési módszerek nem elég gyorsak, pontosak, megbízhatóak.

Kutatásunk során egy rönktéren álló sarang vizsgálata
történt, az erre a célra fejlesztett, 868 MHz-en működő eszközzel. Ezzel az eszközzel – reményeink szerint – a nedvességtartalom mérések gyorsabban, pontosabban, és már a teherautón is elvégezhetőek. Célunk volt megtudni, hogy az amplitúdó mérési
módszer alkalmas-e sarangok nedvességtartalmának meghatározására. Az általunk vizsgált legszélesebb, 1 m-es sarangnál és egy 1,85 m-es rönknél is jó eredményeket kaptunk.
A TLDP Therapist Meets the Buddha on a Road and No One Is Killed
Authors: Schacht Thomas E.
Published: December 2016

Samlin’s (2016) case studies demonstrate the creative integration of Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy (TLDP) and selected Buddhist psychological concepts. In this commentary I analyze epistemological, theoretical, cultural, and clinical complexities involved in this integration from the perspectives of patient recruitment and selection, therapeutic alliance, diagnostic and outcome assessment, and the nature of the Cyclic Maladaptive Pattern (CMP) concept.
On the Skillful Integration of Buddhist Psychology and Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy
Authors: Samlin Jason
Published: December 2016

In this article, I respond to commentaries by Morgan (2016) and Schacht (2016) regarding my presentation of the cases of Beth and Amy (Samlin, 2016).  Addressing the dialectic raised between Morgan’s (2016) support for and Schacht’s (2016) skepticism towards the integration of Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy (TLDP) and the Aversion/Attachment Model of Client Suffering (A/AMCS, I organize my response into three broad sections.  First, I provide context as to the type of Buddhist tradition from which the A/AMCS draws.  In this section, I also address the current debate in Mindfulness-Based Interventions literature regarding the use of explicit vs. implicit Buddhism in treatment.  Second, I address issues related to the technical and conceptual integration of the A/AMCS into TLDP.  Finally, I re-examine the outcomes of Beth’s and Amy’s cases from the pragmatic standpoint and offer additional thoughts regarding the differing outcomes of the two cases.
Cretaceous and Paleogene Fagaceae from North America and Greenland: evidence for a Late Cretaceous split between Fagus and the remaining Fagaceae
Authors: Grímsson Friðgeir , Grimm Guido W. , Zetter Reinhard , Denk Thomas
Published: December 2016

Modern lineages of the beech family, Fagaceae, one of the most important north-temperate families of woody flowering plants, have been traced back to the early Eocene. In contrast, molecular differentiation patterns indicate that the Fagus lineage, Fagoideae, with a single modern genus, evolved much earlier than the remaining lineages within Fagaceae (Trigonobalanoideae, Castaneoideae, Quercoideae). The minimum age for this primary split in the Fagaceae has been estimated as 80 ± 20 Ma (i.e. Late Cretaceous) in recently published, time-calibrated phylogenetic trees including all Fagales. Here, we report fagaceous fossils from the Campanian of Wyoming (82-81 Ma; Eagle Formation [Fm]), the Danian of western Greenland (64-62 Ma; Agatdal Fm), and the middle Eocene of British Columbia (ca 48 Ma; Princeton Chert), and compare them to the Fagaceae diversity of the recently studied middle Eocene Hareøen Fm of western Greenland (42-40 Ma). The studied assemblages confirm that the Fagus lineage (= Fagoideae) and the remainder of modern Fagaceae were diverged by the middle Late Cretaceous, together with the extinct Fagaceae lineage(s) of Eotrigonobalanus and the newly recognised genus Paraquercus, a unique pollen morph with similarities to both Eotrigonobalanus and Quercus. The new records push back the origin of (modern) Fagus by 10 Ma and that of the earliest Fagoideae by 30 Ma. The earliest Fagoideae pollen from the Campanian of North America differs from its single modern genus Fagus by its markedly thicker pollen wall, a feature also seen in fossil and extant Castaneoideae. This suggests that a thick type 1 foot layer is also the plesiomorphic feature in Fagoideae although not seen in any of its living representatives. The Danian Fagus pollen of Greenland differs in size from those of modern species but is highly similar to that of the western North American early Eocene F. langevinii, the oldest known beech so far. Together with the Quercus pollen record, absent in the Campanian and Danian formations but represented by several types by the middle Eocene, this confirms recent dating estimates focussing on the genera Fagus and Quercus, while rejecting estimates from all-Fagales-dated trees as too young. The basic Castaneoideae pollen type, still found in species of all five extant genera of this putatively paraphyletic subfamily, represents the ancestral pollen type of most (modern) Fagaceae (Trigonobalanoideae, Castaneoideae, Quercoideae).
Coercive elliptic systems with gradient terms
Authors: Filippucci Roberta , Vinti Federico
Published: December 2016

In this paper we give a classification of positive radial solutions of the following system:

Δ⁢u=vm,Δ⁢v=h⁢(|x|)⁢g⁢(u)⁢f⁢(|∇⁡u|),$\Delta u=v^{m},\quad\Delta v=h(|x|)g(u)f(|\nabla u|),$

in the open ballBR${B_{R}}$, withm>0${m>0}$, andf,g,hnonnegative nondecreasing continuous functions. In particular, we deal with both explosive and bounded solutions. Our results involve, as in [27], a generalization of the well-known Keller–Osserman condition, namely,∫1∞(∫0sF⁢(t)⁢𝑑t)-m/(2⁢m+1)⁢𝑑s<∞${\int_{1}^{\infty}(\int_{0}^{s}F(t)\,dt)^{-m/(2m+1)}\,ds<\infty}$, whereF⁢(t)=∫0tf⁢(s)⁢𝑑s${F(t)=\int_{0}^{t}f(s)\,ds}$. Moreover, in the second part of the paper, thep-Laplacian version, given byΔp⁢u=vm${\Delta_{p}u=v^{m}}$,Δp⁢v=f⁢(|∇⁡u|)${\Delta_{p}v=f(|\nabla u|)}$, is treated. Whenp≥2${p\geq 2}$, we prove a necessary condition for the existence of a solution with at least a blow up component at the boundary, precisely∫1∞(∫0sF⁢(t)⁢𝑑t)-m/(m⁢p+p-1)⁢s(p-2)⁢(p-1)/(m⁢p+p-1)⁢𝑑s<∞${\int_{1}^{\infty}(\int_{0}^{s}F(t)\,dt)^{-m/(mp+p-1)}s^{(p-2)(p-1)/(mp+p-1)}% \,ds<\infty}$.
The effect of storage temperature fluctuations on the stability of biochemical analytes in blood serum
Authors: Haslacher Helmuth , Szekeres Thomas , Gerner Marlene , Ponweiser Elisabeth , Repl Manuela , Wagner Oswald F. , Perkmann Thomas
Published: December 2016

Background:

Irreproducibility of scientific results constitutes an undesirably onerous economic burden and is in many cases caused by low-quality materials. Therefore, researchers are increasingly devoting their attention to the bioresources they use. In turn, those bioresources are required to validate their preanalytical processes in order to ensure best possible quality. The present study thus aimed to evaluate the impact of repeated temperature fluctuations, as they occur in most research biobanks due to repetitive opening and closing of freezer doors, on the stability of 26 biochemical analytes.

Methods:

Serum of 43 individuals was randomly assigned to a fluctuation (n=21) and a control group (n=22). Serum of the fluctuation group underwent controlled temperature fluctuations (30 fluctuations <−75°C – <−65°C – <−75°C under real-life freezer conditions within 21 days). Control sera were stored at constant conditions. After 10, 20, and 30 fluctuations, results derived from the fluctuation group were compared to baseline and to the control group by means of general linear models.

Results:

Sixteen biomarkers showed statistically significant changes over time, whereas only seven of those presented with diagnostically/clinically relevant changes at certain time points (aspartate aminotransferase, amylase, calcium, uric acid, creatinine, inorganic phosphate and total protein). However, there was no difference between the fluctuation and the control group.

Conclusions:

Some serum analytes are influenced by storage, even at temperatures as low as <−70°C. In contrast, we found no evidence that complex temperature fluctuations produced by storage of and access to biospecimens in biobank freezers generate any additional variability.
Identification and quantitation of phosphatidylethanols in oral fluid by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ullah Shahid , Helander Anders , Beck Olof
Published: December 2016

Background:

Phosphatidylethanols (PEth) are formed from phosphatidylcholines and ethanol and are used as a specific and sensitive alcohol biomarker. An analytical method for analysis of PEth in oral fluid based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated and applied on samples collected from patients undergoing alcohol detoxification.

Methods:

A 200-μL aliquot of oral fluid, collected using the Quantisal

Results:

The detection limit for PEth 16:0/16:0, 16:0/18:1, and 16:0/18:2 was ~0.1 ng/mL, and the extraction recoveries at 2.0 ng/mL were in the range of 99%–114%. Method linearity over a concentration range up to 200 ng/mL was ≥0.99. No significant deviation in results was observed in an analyte stability study of two different concentrations at two different temperatures over 3 months. In 35 oral fluid samples collected from patients undergoing alcohol detoxification, the highest concentration was observed for PEth 16:0/18:1 (Detected range, 0.51–55.3 ng/mL; mean, 8.5; median, 3.1). In addition, all three PEth forms were variably identified in a majority (63%) of the oral fluid samples. The PEth 16:0/18:1 values in oral fluid showed a weak positive correlation with the corresponding values in whole blood samples (r=0.50, p=0.026, n=20).

Conclusions:

The LC-MS/MS method could reliably detect and quantify PEth in oral fluid samples collected after alcohol exposure. The method was characterized by validation data with satisfactory recovery, sensitivity, accuracy, and imprecision, and applied for analysis of clinical samples. The results suggest that measurement of PEth in oral fluid can be used as a biomarker for alcohol consumption, and as such a non-invasive complement to analysis in blood. However, further studies are required to evaluate the test characteristics (e.g. sensitivity and half-life) in comparison with PEth in blood.
Differences between quantification of genotype 3 hepatitis C virus RNA by Versions 1.0 and 2.0 of the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HCV Test
Authors: Pierce Virginia M. , Eversley Jacqueline S. , Tran Thuy K. , Rosenberg Eric S.
Published: December 2016

Background:

Differences between the designs of hepatitis C virus (HCV) viral load assays can result in genotype-related variability in RNA quantification. We tested paired aliquots of plasma specimens from HCV-infected individuals using two versions (v1.0 and v2.0) of the Roche COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HCV Test (CAP/CTM HCV) and noted variability between results for a subset of specimens; we then sought to determine whether discrepant results were more prevalent among specific HCV genotypes.

Methods:

Archived and prospectively-collected plasma samples from 114 unique patients were tested using CAP/CTM HCV v1.0 and v2.0. The HCV genotype result for each patient was determined by retrospectively reviewing laboratory records.

Results:

All (46/46) specimens with quantifiable viral loads from patients with genotype 1 or 2 infection had CAP/CTM HCV v1.0 and v2.0 results that were within 0.5 log

Conclusions:

In patients infected with HCV genotype 3, sequential CAP/CTM HCV viral load results should be compared with caution and interpreted in the context of the specific assay version used.
Tackling serum folate test in European countries within the health technology assessment paradigm: request appropriateness, assays and health outcomes
Authors: Ferraro Simona , Panzeri Andrea , Panteghini Mauro
Published: December 2016

Several authors have recently claimed an excess in serum folate test ordering, suggesting phasing out it from clinical use. According to studies performed in countries undergoing folic acid fortification policies, it is indeed no more cost-effective to test folate in the face of deficiency prevalence <1%. In this paper, we sought to evaluate request appropriateness, analytical issues, and cost-effectiveness of serum folate determination for clinical purposes in the European context, considering if evidence retrieved in fortified countries may be generalized. Studies performed in non-fortified countries have generally reported a suboptimal folate intake and suggest a remarkable prevalence of folate deficiency. Our internal data suggest that ~20%–25% of the subjects undergoing serum folate test are at risk for deficiency. However, a reliable evaluation of the risk for deficiency implies the knowledge of all issues related to the total testing process of folate measurement as well as the identification of the appropriate population in which to perform the test. The cost-effectiveness of the test is maximized when the request is oriented to subjects suggestive/at risk for deficiency, becoming low if the test is used as a screening tool or for monitoring of vitamin intake/supplementation. Because the individual folate status has a key role in ensuring normal development, physiologic growth, and maintenance of optimal health, the evaluation of its serum levels has to be retained in the clinical use in non-fortified countries, boosting for more appropriate request, and evidence from countries following fortification policies should be cautionary interpreted.
Characterizing Dielectric Materials using Monostatic Transmission- and Reflection-Ellipsometry
Authors: Barowski Jan , Rolfes Ilona
Published: December 2016

The characterization of dielectric materials at microwave frequencies can be done by various measurement principles. Free space methods are a commonly used approach if the material under test (MUT) has to be characterized in-situ or in a non-destructive manner. Since the transmission and reflection parameters of a finite sized dielectric slab typically depend on its thickness, accurate knowledge about this parameter is of high importance. The ellipsometric approach presented in this paper eliminates the thickness dependence and thus allows to reduce a major source of error. This is achieved by performing four measurements. These measure the transmission and reflection factors of the MUT in both polarizations at an incident angle of 45°. The high stability of the measurement allows a simple monostatic setup utilizing a single antenna. The measurements in this paper are performed using Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Polyvinylchloride (PVC) blocks in the frequency range from 22 GHz to 26 GHz.
Green methods for the determination of nitrite in water samples based on a novel diazo coupling reaction
Authors: Fraihat Safwan M.
Published: December 2016

Green, sensitive and selective spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of nitrite in water samples. The methods (A, B and C) are based on the reduction of 5-nitroimidazoles; metronidazole (MTL), secnidazole (SCL) and tinidazole (TNL), respectively, followed by diazotization using nitrite in acidic medium, then coupling with pyrogallol (PG). The amount of nitrite was determined by measuring the absorbance of the colored product at 385 nm. The new methods were linear in the ranges of 2.5–30 μgml−1, with detection limits of 1.4 μgml−1.
Valproic acid (VPA) enhances cisplatin sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells via HDAC2 mediated down regulation of ABCA1
Authors: Chen Jian-Hui , Zheng Yu-Long , Xu Chuan-Qin , Gu Li-Zhi , Ding Zong-Li , Qin Ling , Wang Yi , Fu Ran , Wan Yu-Feng , Hu Cheng-Ping
Published: December 2016

Valproic acid (VPA) has been suggested to be a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI). Our present study revealed that VPA at 1 mm, which had no effect on cell proliferation, can significantly increase the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells to cisplatin (DDP). VPA treatment markedly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of ABCA1, while had no significant effect on ABCA3, ABCA7 or ABCB10. Luciferase reporter assays showed that VPA can decrease the ABCA1 promoter activity in both A549 and H358 cells. VPA treatment also decreased the phosphorylation of SP1, which can bind to −100 and −166 bp in the promoter of ABCA1. While the phosphorylation of c-Fos and c-Jun were not changed in VPA treated NSCLC cells. Over expression of HDAC2 attenuated VPA induced down regulation of ABCA1 mRNA expression and promoter activities. Over expression of HDAC2 also attenuated VPA induced DDP sensitivity of NSCLC cells. These data revealed that VPA can increase the DDP sensitivity of NSCLC cells via down regulation of ABCA1 through HDAC2/SP1 signals. It suggested that combination of VPA and anticancer drugs such as DDP might be great helpful for treatment of NSCLC patients.
Herrschaft und Bekenntnis. Überlegungen zur imperialen Normierung des christlichen Glaubens in der SpÃ¤tantike
Authors: Kinzig Wolfram
Published: December 2016

Beginnend mit Konstantin dem Großen haben sich die römischem Kaiser in ihrer Gesetzgebung zunehmend zu Fragen des christlichen Glaubens geäußert und später selbst Gesetze in der Form von Bekenntnissen (Symbolen) erlassen. Dabei kann man drei Phasen beobachten: (1) Bis zu Theodosius haben die Kaiser auf eigene Stellungnahmen zum Bekenntnisinhalt weitgehend verzichtet und versucht, eine kirchliche Befriedung auf der Basis bestehender synodaler Formeln zu erreichen. (2) Ab 380 werden Glaubensinhalte in den Gesetzestexten zunehmend inhaltlich beschrieben und in einer noch relativ unspezifischen Form verbindlich gemacht. (3) Das Henotikon (482) ist das erste Gesetz, das sich als persönliches Bekenntnis des Kaisers selbst gibt, der nun in der Definition von Symbolformeln in Konkurrenz zu den Synoden tritt. Diese Entwicklung erreicht ihren Höhepunkt in den zahlreichen Bekenntnissen Justinians und setzt sich noch bis zur Ekthesis des Herakleios (638) fort. Der Artikel beschreibt diesen Vorgang und diskutiert die Besonderheiten der einschlägigen Gesetze und ihre Bedeutung für das kaiserliche Selbstverständnis in kirchenpolitischen Fragen.
Wie aus Agon Antagonismus wird. Scholastisch-humanistische Grenzpolitik um 1500
Authors: Boer Jan−Hendryk de
Published: December 2016

Die lange in der Forschung dominierende Erzählung vom scholastisch-humanistischen Gegensatz, der das gelehrte Leben im 15. und frühen 16. Jahrhundert geprägt habe, wird heute kaum noch vorbehaltlos akzeptiert. Tatsächlich basiert die Annahme eines epochalen Ringens zwischen Scholastik und Humanismus vor allem auf der Selbstpräsentation der Vertreter eines emphatischen Humanismus. Allerdings handelt es sich hierbei nicht einfach um eine falsche Wiedergabe der Wirklichkeit, sondern vielmehr um eine humanistische Grenzpolitik, die aktiv daran arbeitete, das gelehrte Feld im Zeichen eines Antagonismus zwischen Humanismus und Scholastik inhaltlich, institutionell und personell neu zu ordnen. Der Konflikt um Johannes Reuchlin stellt einen Markstein dieser Grenzpolitik dar: Begonnen als Auseinandersetzung um die Frage, wie mit jüdischen Büchern umzugehen sei, bemächtigten sich die Vertreter eines emphatisch-selbstbewussten Humanismus der Auseinandersetzung, deuteten sie um und instrumentalisierten sie, um solche Gelehrte aus dem Feld zu schlagen, die gleichermaßen gegenüber humanistischen und scholastischen Techniken und Inhalten kommunikativ anschlussfähig bleiben wollten. Um Unterstützung zu gewinnen, hatte Reuchlin selbst zunächst eine derartige Interpretation nahegelegt. Dass die Auseinandersetzung von humanistischer Seite jedoch antagonistisch genutzt wurde, führte letztlich dazu, dass sein Anliegen, jüdisches Wissen in Gestalt der christlichen Kabbala für die christliche Tradition nutzbar zu machen, weit in den Hintergrund trat.
„Multiple Sattelzeiten“. Zeitkulturen in der atlantischen Welt 1760–1830
Authors: Kirchberger Ulrike
Published: December 2016

Die Menschen, die auf den Anrainerkontinenten der atlantischen Welt lebten oder sich zwischen den Kontinenten bewegten, hatten verschiedene Möglichkeiten, sich mit neuen Formen von Zeitlichkeit auseinanderzusetzen. Hierarchien spielten hierbei zweifelsohne eine wichtige Rolle. Europäische Herrschaftseliten versuchten im Kontext kolonialer Verwaltung, auf Sklavenplantagen, in religiösen und rechtlichen Zusammenhängen, die Subalternen unter das Joch der eigenen Zeitkultur zu zwingen. Solche Zeitregime entwickelten sich allerdings nicht erst mit der „Sattelzeit“ in den Jahren zwischen 1760 und 1830. Abgesehen davon war es keineswegs einfach, eine fremde Gesellschaft dem eigenen Zeitregime zu unterwerfen. Europäische Chronologie und Historiographie wurde vor dem Hintergrund antikolonialen Widerstands bewusst in Frage gestellt, es fanden Prozesse der Hybridisierung statt, wenn Zeitformen aus verschiedenen Kulturen ineinander übergingen, und es konnten neue und tradierte Zeitkulturen nebeneinander Bestand haben. Man kann folglich in Zweifel ziehen, dass sich europäische Zeitvorstellungen im Zuge kolonialer Expansion unkompliziert von Europa aus über die atlantische Welt verbreiteten. Multiple Modernitäten, hybride Zeitkulturen, Kontinuitäten, die über die europäische Sattelzeit hinwegreichten und epochale Brüche, die vor oder nach der Sattelzeit lagen, relativieren die Bedeutung des europäischen Epochenwandels für die atlantische Welt. Die alternative Perspektive, die dieser Aufsatz vorschlägt, besteht darin, einzelne Zeitkategorien wie beispielsweise die gemessene Zeit, die Verzeitlichung oder die Tiefenzeit festzulegen, sie in verschiedenen atlantischen Kontexten zu verorten und in einen transatlantischen Bezug zu bringen. Auf diese Weise lassen sich europäische Zeitkulturen, die in sich sehr heterogen waren, in ein breites Spektrum von Zeitlichkeiten einordnen, die in transkulturellen Austauschprozessen integriert oder abgelehnt werden konnten. Die über diesen Ansatz hervortretende Polychronie muss bei der Periodisierung der atlantischen Geschichte stärker berücksichtigt werden. Der Aufsatz plädiert deshalb dafür, sich eingehender mit dem Problem der zeitlichen Ordnung der atlantischen Geschichte zu beschäftigen und dabei die Rolle nichteuropäischer Gesellschaften besser einzubeziehen.