bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syntax in Antiquity, edd. P. Swiggers - A. Wouters; Louvain 2003, Peeters (Orbis-Supplementa t. 23)
Authors: Babič Matjaž
Published: December 2018

Es ist sicherlich kein Geheimnis, dass in der griechisch-römischen Grammatik der Antike die Syntax - nach heutiger Auffassung - oft oder sogar in der Regel zu kurz kommt. Dies bringt jeden, der sich mit antiker Grammatik befasst, in Verlegen­ heit, denn die Syntax gilt in der Sprachwisenschaft der Neuzeit als die produktivste der Sprachebenen und damit als der wichtigste Teil der Sprachforschung. Da die Syntax in heutigem Sinne bekannterweise erst in der Spätantike zu einem integralen Teil einer grammatischen Téchne geworden ist, überkommen einen fast schon Minderwertigkeitsgefühle, wenn man zugeben muss, dass man sich eine Sprachtheo­ rie zum Objekt seiner Forschung gemacht hat, die sich "nur" mit Laut- und Formen­ lehre befasst.
Tradurre per sbagliare, tradurre per imparare: la traduzione nello studio dell'italiano a livello universitario
Authors: Ožbot Martina
Published: December 2018

L'articolo esamina l'uso delta traduzione nelt' apprendimento di lingue straniere, accennando prima al ruolo ridotto che quest'attività ha tradizionalmente avuto nelto studio linguistico, per arrivare poi alte caratteristiche delta traduzione nel mondo reale, dalte quali si suggerisce di partire anche nelle situazioni didattiche. In base a un'analisi delte traduzioni italiane di due testi sloveni fatte da studenti universitari di grado avanzato si può osservare che i maggiori problemi che gli apprendenti hanno in italiano sono di tipo testuale e contrastivo; in gran parte essi sono dovuti alt'interferenza diretta o indiretta con la madre­ lingua. Data la natura eminentemente testuale e bilingue dell'attività di traduzione questa viene propos­ ta come un efficace contributo alto sviluppo delta competenza linguistica del par/ante  et senso più ampio.
Lautverschiebungen im Isländischen
Authors: Pétursson Magnús
Published: December 2018

Lautverschiebungen sind Lautveränderungen, die  ganze  Lautreihen  verschie­ dener Artikulationsstellen erfassen. Das Ergebnis einer Lautverschiebung ist die Phonologisierung von Allophonen bzw. die Umphonologisierung von Einheiten des Lautsystems. Lautverschiebungen haben im Verlauf der Geschichte in vielen Sprach­ gemeinschaften stattgefunden, u.a. auch  in den germanischen  Sprachen. Sehr bekan­nt und gut untersucht ist die Erste Germanische Lautverschiebung vom Indogerma­ nischen  zum  Germanischen  und  die Zweite  Deutsche Lautverschiebung.
Origine du vieux slave
Authors: Mańczak Witold
Published: December 2018

Comme, pour prouver l'identité du vieux slave et du vieux bulgare, on invoque uniquement des critères phonétiques, rappelons que l'orientaliste allemand du XVIIe siècle Ludolf affirmait déjà que "die Sprachverwandtschaft offenbart sich nicht im Wörterbuch, sondern in der Grammatik"3. Pendant les 300 dernières années, tellement d'autorites ant approuvé !l’opinion de Ludolf qu'elle est devenue un dogme de la linguistique. Pourtant il nous est venu à l'esprit de le confronter avec des faits et ainsi nous sommes arrivé à la conclusion qu'en réalité, c'est le vocabulaire (et non la phonétique et la flexion) qui décide du degre de la parenté des langues4. Voici des arguments à l'appui de cette thèse.
A type of minimal phraseological units characteristic of Slovene
Authors: Kržišnik Erika
Published: December 2018

The Slovene language abounds with phraseological units with the structure verb and clitics (clitic word forms) jo, ga, jih, such as ucvreti jo 'to run away', lomiti ga 'to do foolish things, to make mistakes'. The linguistic treatment of this group is interesting, since the question whether jo, ga, jih are clitics of a personal pronoun or free verb morphemes raises the problem of the demarcation line between the (idiomatic) word and (phraseological) word combination. As far as phraseology is concerned, the above-men­ tioned group is interesting because it represents one of the structures of minimal phraseological units 1 which are, doubtlessly, most frequent in Slovene second only to phraseological prepositional phrases. For the Slovene phraseology, this group is impor­ tant, since it is a large one, and as examples in the Corpus of Slovene Texts called FIDA2 show, (still) a productive one. Examples of phraseological units of the same type which are constantly formed anew lead us to believe that we are faced with a model formation and they are indicative of the processes of 'modelization'. A quick look at the phraseology of other Slavonic languages reveals that such phraseological units exist only exceptionally if they are not absent altogether. As far as I know, the phraseological units of this type exist only in Croatian and Serbian (in a very limited number of cases, such asjebi ga). In Pleteršnik's Slovene-German Dictionary (1894: 828) a note is included under the entry I. on (ona, ono).
Vladimir Levstik in francoski jezik pred letom 1941
Authors: Gacoin-Marks Florence
Published: December 2018

Avtorica se ukvarja s slovenskim književnikom in prevajalcem Vladimirjem Levstikom. Na podlagi različnih pisnih virov - kritiških spisov, prevodov in literarnih del - poskuša oceniti, kakšno je bilo njegovo znanje francoskega jezika pred drugo svetovno vojno oziroma takrat, ko je začel prevajati literarna dela francoskih avtorjev. Čeprav je bil samouk, je Vladimir Levstikočitno zelo hitro postal odličen frankofon. Njegovi zgodnji prevodi iz francoske književnosti pričajo o zelo dobrem poznavanju idiomov in različnih zvrsti francoskega jezika. Podrobna analiza prevoda Flaubertove Madame Bovary iz leta 1915 pokaže, da so odmiki od izvirnika maloštevilni in le redkokdaj vodijo do hudega nesporazuma. V besedilu je tudi kar nekaj izrazov, za katere je Vladimir Levstik našel odlične slovenske ustreznice. Ugotovitev, da je bilVladimir Levstik že zelo zgodaj odličen frankofon, potrjuje tudi domnevo, da je slovenski književnik že v mladih letih lahko okušal vse slogovne in pomenske nianse francoskih literarnih del, kar je utegnilo igrati pomembno vlogo v njegovem pisateljskem razvoju.
Nuovi dati sulle colonie croate nell'Italia meridionale con particolare riguardo a quelle estintesi da secoli in campania
Authors: Muljačić Žarko
Published: December 2018

Negli ultimi tren'anni sono usciti parecchi lavori che si occupano direttamente o di passaggio delle colonie di profughi croati nell'Italia meridionale.  Sfortunatamente una recente Bibliografia aggiornata (Rešetar, 1997, 290-294), redatta da Walter Breu e Monica Gardenghi, omette molti titoli, specie se scritti da non slavisti. Questo contributo si divide in cinque capitoli: 1. Cenni introduttivi; 2. Un giro d'oriz­ zonte sui risultati più importanti recenti (con l'accento sulla consistenza delle certezze ormai acquistate e sui dubbi e sospetti tuttora permanenti riguardanti le all'incirca set­ tanta località affrontate per la prima volta nel loro insieme da M. Rešetar nel lontano 19lll); 3. Le colonie campane; 4. Congetture sulla colonia campana non nominata, visitata nel 1613 dallo scrittore e linguista croato Bartol Kašić; 5. Compiti futuri.
" Flash-forward " in italiano: aspetti concettuali e moduli espressivi
Authors: Miklič Tjaša
Published: December 2018

In effetti tutto il sistema della lingua poggia sul princzpw irrazionale dell'arbitrarietà del segno che, se applicato senza restrizione, sfocerebbe nella massima complicazione; ma lo spirito riesce a introdurre un principio d'ordine e di regolarità in certe parti della massa dei segni, ed e in cio il ruolo del relativamente motivato. Il mio contributo presenta i principali risultati di una ricerca volta a determinare meglio le connessionitra alcuni fenomeni espositivi affini, alcuni dei quali sono contenuti nella seguente batteria.
Bibliographie sélectionnée des oeuvres du prof. Janez Orešnik
Authors: Mehle Ana
Published: December 2018

Bibliographie sélectionnée des oeuvres du prof. Janez Orešnik
Final sonorant sequences in the Celje dialect
Authors: Ferme Alja
Published: December 2018

In this paper I will analyse final sonorant sequencesin the Celje variety of Slovene. In §2 various definitions of a consonant cluster will be discussed and the definition needed for further development ofthe article will be provided. In §3 I will present pretheoretical arguments against treating all final sonorant sequences as consonant clusters. In addition, a seemingly special behaviour of a small group of sequences will be pointed out. The government phonology framework will be introduced in §4. In §5 the hin the given theoretical framework.
Causative constructions in Japanese and Slovene
Authors: Shigemori Bučar Chikako
Published: December 2018

Whereas Japanese has a productive causative morpheme -( s)ase- that is added to a non-causative verb to derive a causative verb, Slovene has no such single morpheme that may be considered to directly correspond with the Japanese morpheme. This arti­ cle considers causative constructions first from a typological perspective, and then in present-day Japanese and Slovene by examining a small corpus of literary texts. The use of the Japanese causative morpheme is analyzed according to the characteristic of agency. For the most typical causative situation (with agentive causer and causee), corresponding Slovene constructions are analyzed.
Sur le changement macrolinguistique survenu entre 1300 et 1900 dans le domaine d`oïl: une étude diachronique dʹinspiration dialectométrique
Authors: Goebl Hans
Published: December 2018

La finalité de la présente étude est essentiellement d'ordre diachronique. Il s'agit d'évaluer l'ampleur des modifications survenues entre 1300 et 1900, et partant dans un laps de temps de six siècles, sur le plan de l'aménagement linguistique 1 de l'espace du domaine  d'Oil à proprement parler (c'est-à-dire à l'exclusion du domaine francoproven­çal). Evidemment, la précision de nos constatations en la matière dépend avant tout de la qualité des sources empiriques à notre disposition, à savoir de l'atlas scripturaire d'Anthonij DEES d'un côté (valable, toute somme faite, pour le demier tiers du e siècle), et de l'ALF de Jules GILLIÉRON et d'Edmond EDMONT de l'autre, dont les don­ nées ont été collectees entre 1897 et 1901. Bien que les deux sources utilisées par nous, disposent de la meme structuration formelle en N points d'atlas et p planches (ou cartes) d'atlas - qui est d'ailleurs celle de taus les atlas linguistiques - il se creuse néanmoins , entre elles, une différence tout autre qu'insignifiante, à savoir celle qui existe entre l'écrit (DEES) et l'oral (ALF).
Sur un aspect des études historiques
Authors: Gaweĺko Marek
Published: December 2018

En se fondant sur le principe qui dit que la science doit tendre vers le général, on est conduit à établir non seulement des changements concrets mais aussi des tendances évolutives. Nous partageons  !'opinion selon laquelle il est possible  d’établir des prin­ cipes généraux de changements linguistiques, définis de differentes façons: principes, tendances, universaux , etc. Les arguments en faveur de cette thèse sont nombreux , ne serait-ce  que ceux rappelés  par Haspelmath  (1999:  87). Ci-dessous  nous  nous  occu­ pons d'une méthodes  d'investigation  de tels principes  ou tendances.
Un importante contributo alla lessicografia italo-slovena: Sergij Šlenc
Authors: Skubic Mitja
Published: December 2018

Anni fa ho avuto l'onore e il piacere di segnalare nella nostra rivista, v. Linguistica XXXVIII,2 (1998),l'apparizione del Grande dizianario italiana-slavena dello stesso autore. Ho concluso ilmio resoconto fonnulando l'augurio e la speranza di molti tra dinoidi vedere pubblicata anche la versione sloveno-italiana del vocabolario. Ora l'abbiamo: con il Veliki slovensko-italijanski slovar/Grande dizianaria slavena-italiana è  completata l'opera che servirà agli interessati sloveni e italiani. Il Dizionario non è, ovviamente, il primo della specie; però, l'ultimo di una certa mole, quello del benemerito Janko Kotnik risale all'anno 1965, vale a dire a quarant'anni fa, ripubblicato nel 1967 e nel 1972 il che testimonia della sua utilità e necessità. Trascorso tale periodo di tempo va da sé che l'apparizione di un nuovo dizionario è stata sentita di urgente attualità.
Mons. Ivan Trinko (1863-1954). Promotore della conoscenza e del dialogo tra le culture.
Authors: Skubic Mitja
Published: December 2018

La miscellanea sulla quale vogliamo brevemente attirare l'attenzione dei colleghi linguisti rappresenta in sostanza gli Atti del Convegno svoltosi a Špeter/San Pietro al Natisone nel 2004 in occasione del cinquantesimo anniversario della morte di Ivan Trinko, redatti da Roberto Dapit, Michele Obit e Lucia Trusgnach. Non solo nel titolo, il bilinguismo sloveno-italiano è rispettato nella stesura di tutti i testi, uno tra di loro appare addirittura in veste trilingue, slovena, italiana e friulana.
Teaching the uses of Italian verb forms to Slovene speakers
Authors: Miklič Tjaša , Ožbot Martina
Published: December 2018

Goethe's paradoxical aphorism concerning our knowledge of complex phenomena could be used to identify the feelings which may prevail at two different stages oflearning a foreign language, at an early and at an advanced one. So, for example, it is not surpris­ ing when our students, back from an exchange visit abroad, complain about having felt blocked by their thorough structural language awareness, noticing at the same time that some other foreign students showed off their fluency and richness of vocabulary, while calmly violating certain grammatical conventions. 1 Such self-conscious learners seem to miss their past lack of inhibitions, when they still naively thought oflanguage differ­ ences principally as neatly observable dissimilarities in language forms, feeling that their present awareness of more hidden foreign-language properties is rather a disadvantage in communication; so much so that they wonder whether it would not have been better to have invested all that time and energy into the acquisition of the lexicon instead.
Goodwill en andere immateriële vaste activa zonder bepaalde levensduur in relatie tot informatie over het (eigen) vermogen van ondernemingen
Authors: Backhuijs Jan , Spanjers Barend , van der Wel Frans
Published: December 2018

Dit artikel bespreekt goodwill en andere immateriële vaste activa zonder bepaalde levensduur in relatie tot informatieverschaffing in de jaarrekening over het vermogen van de onderneming. Dit is van belang omdat de boekwaarden van deze activa op basis van IFRS uitsluitend via een impairmenttest al dan niet verminderen (anders dan op basis van Dutch GAAP) en als gevolg van deze specifieke verwerking van bijzondere betekenis kunnen zijn voor de in de jaarrekening opgenomen vermogenspositie. Uit het empirisch onderzoek blijkt dat de omvang van goodwill in relatie tot de omvang van het groepsvermogen in met name de jaarrekeningen van de grootste Europese beursfondsen veel hoger is dan in de jaarrekeningen van de grootste Nederlandse beursfondsen en vooral ten opzichte van niet-beursgenoteerde Nederlandse ondernemingen. Impairments doen zich in 2017 nauwelijks voor. Ten aanzien van de relatie met de financiering komt naar voren dat de grootste Nederlandse beursfondsen en niet-beursgenoteerde Nederlandse ondernemingen meer informatie geven over de bankconvenanten dan de grootste Europese beursfondsen. Anders dan verwacht blijkt dat over kapitaalmanagement (in de zin van IAS 1.134 e.v.) juist ondernemingen met een relatief lage verhouding van geactiveerde goodwill ten opzichte van het groepsvermogen meer informatie geven. Al met al zijn er in de jaarrekeningen geen sterke verbanden aangetroffen tussen de omvang van de geactiveerde goodwill, de hypothetische impact van het afschrijven van goodwill op het resultaat en de vermogensinformatie. Veel druk om tot wijziging van de regelgeving te komen lijkt er niet te zijn.
Toelichting verwachte impact van IFRS 9 en IFRS 15
Authors: Roozen Kees , Pronk Maarten
Published: December 2018

IAS 8 bevat de verplichting om informatie te verstrekken over nieuwe standaarden die nog niet toegepast hoeven te worden. In de 2017-jaarrekening geldt dat met name voor IFRS 9 ‘Financial Instruments’ en IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’. Wij analyseren de informatieverstrekking door Europese beursgenoteerde corporates. De meeste ondernemingen geven de impact aan. Van de onderzochte ondernemingen geeft 9% aan dat IFRS 9 een materiële impact heeft en voor IFRS 15 ligt dat percentage op 32%. IFRS 9 heeft materiële impact op de onderdelen Classificatie en waardering en Bijzondere waardevermindering. Voor IFRS 15 worden de nadere richtlijnen over het onderkennen van prestatieverplichtingen als belangrijkste reden voor aanpassing genoemd. Bij IFRS 9 kwantificeert zo’n 30% van de ondernemingen de impact en bij IFRS 15 is dat zo’n 50%. De meeste ondernemingen zonder kwantitatieve indicatie geven aan dat de impact niet materieel is.
The relative impact of cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particle concentrations on phase partitioning in Arctic mixed-phase stratocumulus clouds
Authors: Solomon Amy , de Boer Gijs , Creamean Jessie M. , McComiskey Allison , Shupe Matthew D. , Maahn Maximilian , Cox Christopher
Published: December 2018

Abstract. This study investigates the interactions between cloud dynamics and aerosols
in idealized large-eddy simulations (LES) of Arctic mixed-phase stratocumulus
clouds (AMPS) observed at Oliktok Point, Alaska, in April 2015. This case was chosen
because it allows the cloud to form in response to radiative cooling
starting from a cloud-free state, rather than requiring the cloud ice and
liquid to adjust to an initial cloudy state. Sensitivity studies are used to
identify whether there are buffering feedbacks that limit the impact of
aerosol perturbations. The results of this study indicate that perturbations
in ice nucleating particles (INPs) dominate over cloud condensation nuclei
(CCN) perturbations; i.e., an equivalent fractional decrease in CCN and INPs
results in an increase in the cloud-top longwave cooling rate, even though
the droplet effective radius increases and the cloud emissivity decreases.
The dominant effect of ice in the simulated mixed-phase cloud is a thinning
rather than a glaciation, causing the mixed-phase clouds to radiate as a
grey body and the radiative properties of the cloud to be more sensitive to
aerosol perturbations. It is demonstrated that allowing prognostic CCN and
INPs causes a layering of the aerosols, with increased concentrations of CCN
above cloud top and increased concentrations of INPs at the base of the
cloud-driven mixed layer. This layering contributes to the maintenance of
the cloud liquid, which drives the dynamics of the cloud system.
Direct radiative effect of dust-pollution interactions
Authors: Klingmüller Klaus , Lelieveld Jos , Karydis Vlassis A. , Stenchikov Georgiy L.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The chemical ageing of aeolian dust, through interactions with air pollution, affects the optical and hygroscopic properties of the mineral particles and hence their atmospheric residence time and climate forcing. Conversely, the chemical composition of the dust particles and their role as coagulation partners impact the abundance of particulate air pollution. This results in an anthropogenic radiative forcing associated with mineral dust notwithstanding the natural origin of most aeolian dust. Using the atmospheric chemistry climate model EMAC with a detailed parametrisation of ageing processes and an emission scheme accounting for the chemical composition of desert soils, we study the direct radiative forcing globally and regionally. Our results indicate large positive and negative forcings, depending on the region. The predominantly negative forcing at the top of the atmosphere over large parts of the dust belt, from West Africa to East Asia, attains a maximum of about −2 W/m2 south of the Sahel, in contrast to a positive forcing over India. Globally averaged, these forcings partially counterbalance, resulting in a net negative forcing of −0.05 W/m2, which nevertheless represents a considerable fraction of the total dust forcing.
Differences of the inverted terrestrial ecosystem carbon flux between using GOSAT and OCO-2 XCO2 retrievals
Authors: Wang Hengmao , Jiang Fei , Wang Jun , Ju Weimin , Chen Jing M.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. In this study, both the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) XCO2 retrievals are assimilated within the GEOS-Chem 4D-Var assimilation framework to constrain the terrestrial ecosystem carbon flux during Jul 1, 2014 to Dec 31, 2015. The inverted global and regional carbon fluxes during Jan 1 to Dec 31, 2015 are shown and discussed. Surface CO2 mixing ratios from 47 surface flask sites and XCO2 measurements from 13 TCCON sites are used to evaluate the simulated concentrations with the posteriori carbon fluxes. The results show that globally, the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink (excluding biomass burning emissions) estimated from GOSAT data is stronger than that inferred from OCO-2 data, and the annual atmospheric CO2 growth rate estimated from GOSAT data is more consistent with the estimate of GCP 2017. Regionally, in most regions, the land sinks inferred from GOSAT data are also stronger than those from OCO-2 data. Compared with the prior fluxes, the carbon fluxes in northern temperate regions change most, followed by tropical and southern temperate regions, and the smallest changes occur in boreal regions. Basically, in temperate regions, the inferred land sinks are significantly increased, while those in tropical regions are decreased. The different changes in different regions are mainly related to the spatial coverage and the amount of XCO2 data in these regions. Compared with CT2016, the inferred carbon sinks are comparable in most temperate regions, but much weaker in boreal and tropical regions. Evaluations using flask and TCCON observations suggest that GOSAT and OCO-2 data, can effectively improve the carbon flux estimates in the northern hemisphere, while in the southern hemisphere the optimized carbon sinks may be overestimated, especially for GOSAT data.
High Time Resolution Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Beijing with Multiple Models
Authors: Liu Yue , Zheng Mei , Yu Mingyuan , Cai Xuhui , Du Huiyun , Li Jie , Zhou Tian , Yan Caiqing , Wang Xuesong , Shi Zongbo , Harrison Roy M. , Zhang Qiang , He Kebin
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Beijing has suffered from heavy local emissions as well as regional transport of air pollutants, resulting in severe atmospheric fine particle (PM2.5) pollution. This study developed a combined method to investigate source types of PM2.5 and its source regions during winter 2016 in Beijing, which include receptor model, footprint, and an air quality model. The receptor model was performed with high-time resolution measurements of trace elements, water soluble ions, organic carbon, and elemental carbon using online instruments during the wintertime campaign of the Air Pollution and Human Health-Beijing (APHH-Beijing) program in 2016. Source types and their contributions estimated by the receptor model (Positive Matrix Factorization, PMF) using online measurement were linked with source regions identified by the footprint model, and the regional transport contribution was estimated by an air quality model (the Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System, NAQPMS) to analyze the specific sources and source regions during haze episodes. Our results show that secondary and biomass burning sources were dominated by regional transport while the coal combustion source showed an increased local contribution, suggesting that strict control strategies for local coal combustion in Beijing and a reduction of biomass burning and gaseous precursor emissions in surrounding areas were essential to improve air quality in Beijing. The combination of PMF with footprint results revealed that the secondary source was mainly associated with southern footprints. The northern footprint was characterized by a high dust source contribution (11 %) while industrial sources increased with the eastern footprint. The results demonstrated the power of combining receptor model-based source apportionment with other models in understanding the formation of haze episodes and to identify specific sources from different source regions affecting air quality in Beijing.
Rates and drivers of Red Sea plankton community metabolism
Authors: López-Sandoval Daffne C. , Rowe Katherine , Carillo-de-Albonoz Paloma , Duarte Carlos M. , Agusti Susana
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Resolving the environmental drivers shaping planktonic communities is fundamental to understanding their variability, present and future, across the ocean. More specifically, resolving the temperature-dependence of planktonic communities in low productive waters is essential to predict the response of marine ecosystems to warming scenarios, as ocean warming leads to oligotrophication of the subtropical ocean. Here we quantified plankton metabolic rates along the Red Sea, a unique oligotrophic and warm environment, and analysed the drivers that regulate gross primary production (GPP), community respiration (CR) and the net community production (NCP). The study was conducted on six oceanographic surveys following a north-south transect along Saudi Arabian coasts. Our findings revealed that Chl-a specific GPP and CR rates increased with increasing temperature (R2 = 0.41 and 0.19, respectively, P
Cosmogenic 10Be in river sediment: where grain size matters and
why
Authors: van Dongen Renee , Scherler Dirk , Wittmann Hella , von Blanckenburg Friedhelm
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Concentrations of in situ-produced cosmogenic 10Be in river sediment are widely used to estimate catchment-average denudation rates. Typically, the 10Be concentrations are measured in the sand fraction of river sediment. However, the grain size of bedload sediment in most bedrock rivers cover a much wider range. Where 10Be concentrations depend on grain size, denudation rate estimates based on the sand fraction alone could potentially be biased. To date, knowledge about catchment attributes that may induce grain size-dependent 10Be concentrations is incomplete or has only been investigated in modelling studies. Here we present an empirical study on the occurrence of grain size-dependent 10Be concentrations and the potential controls of hillslope angle, precipitation, lithology and abrasion. We first conducted a study focusing on the sole effect of precipitation in four granitic catchments located on a climate-gradient in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. We found that observed grain size dependencies of 10Be concentrations in the most-arid and most-humid catchments could be explained by the effect of precipitation on both the scouring depth of erosion processes and the depth of the mixed soil layer. Analysis of a global dataset of published 10Be concentrations in different grain sizes (n=62 catchments), comprising catchments with contrasting hillslope angles, climate, lithology and catchment size revealed a similar pattern. Lower 10Be concentrations in coarse grains (defined as negative grain size dependency) emerge frequently in catchments which likely have thin soil and where deep-seated erosion processes (e.g. landslides) excavate grains over a larger depth-interval. These catchments include steep (>25°), arid (<100 mm yr−1) and humid catchments (>2000 mm yr−1). Furthermore, we found that an additional cause of negative grain size dependencies may emerge in large catchments with long sediment travel distances (>2300–7000 m, depending on lithology) where abrasion and sediment provenance may lead to a grain size distribution that is not representative for the entire catchment. The results of this study can be used to evaluate whether catchment-average denudation rates are likely to be biased in particular catchments.
The rarefied (non-continuum) conditions of tracer particle transport in soils, with implications for assessing the intensity and depth dependence of mixing from geochronology
Authors: Furbish David Jon , Schumer Rina , Keen-Zebert Amanda
Published: December 2018

Abstract. We formulate tracer particle transport and mixing in soils due to
disturbance-driven particle motions in terms of the Fokker–Planck equation.
The probabilistic basis of the formulation is suitable for rarefied particle
conditions, and for parsing the mixing behavior of extensive and intensive
properties belonging to the particles rather than to the bulk soil. The
significance of the formulation is illustrated with the examples of vertical
profiles of expected beryllium-10 (10Be) concentrations and
optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) particle ages for the benchmark
situation involving a one-dimensional mean upward soil motion with nominally
steady surface erosion in the presence of either uniform or depth-dependent
particle mixing, and varying mixing intensity. The analysis, together with
Eulerian–Lagrangian numerical simulations of tracer particle motions,
highlights the significance of calculating ensemble-expected values of
extensive and intensive particle properties, including higher moments of
particle OSL ages, rather than assuming de facto a continuum-like mixing
behavior. The analysis and results offer guidance for field sampling and for
describing the mixing behavior of other particle and soil properties.
Profiles of expected 10Be concentrations and OSL ages
systematically vary with mixing intensity as measured by a Péclet number
involving the speed at which particles enter the soil, the soil thickness,
and the particle diffusivity. Profiles associated with uniform mixing versus
a linear decrease in mixing with depth are distinct for moderate mixing, but
they become similar with either weak mixing or strong mixing; uniform
profiles do not necessarily imply uniform mixing.
Vertically nested LES for high-resolution simulation of the surface
layer in PALM (version 5.0)
Authors: Huq Sadiq , De Roo Frederik , Raasch Siegfried , Mauder Matthias
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Large-eddy simulation (LES) has become a well-established tool in the atmospheric boundary-layer research community to study turbulence. It allows three-dimensional realizations of the turbulent fields, which large-scale models and most experimental studies cannot yield. To resolve the largest eddies in the mixed layer, a moderate grid resolution in the range of 10 to 100 m is often sufficient, and these simulations can be run on a computing cluster with few hundred processors, or even on a workstation for simple configurations. The desired resolution is usually limited by the computational resources. However, to compare with tower measurements of turbulence and exchange fluxes in the surface layer a much higher resolution is required. In spite of the growth in computational power, a high-resolution simulation LES of the surface layer is often not feasible: to fully resolve the energy containing eddies near the surface a grid spacing of O(1 m) is required. One way to tackle this problem is to employ a vertical grid nesting technique, where the surface is simulated at the necessary fine grid resolution, and it is coupled with a standard, coarse, LES that resolves the turbulence in the whole boundary-layer. We modified the LES model PALM (Parallelized Large-eddy simulation Model) and implemented a two-way nesting technique, with coupling in both directions between the coarse and the fine grid. The coupling algorithm has to ensure correct boundary conditions for the fine grid. Our nesting algorithm is realized by modifying the standard third order Runge-Kutta time stepping to allow communication of data between the two grids. The two grids are concurrently advanced in time while ensuring that the sum of resolved and subgrid-scale kinetic energy is conserved. We design a validation test and show that the temporal averaged profiles from the fine grid agree well compared to the reference simulation with high-resolution in the entire domain. The overall performance and scalability of the nesting algorithm is found to be satisfactory. Our nesting results in more than 80 percent savings in computational power for 5 times higher resolution in each direction in the surface layer.
Review of Thomas Reid and the Problem of Secondary Qualities by Andrew Shrock
Authors: Crosby Alastair
Published: November 2018

A review of Andrew Shrock’s recent book, Thomas Reid and the Problem of Secondary Qualities (Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press, 2018).
A medicina das mulheres – As primeiras revistas de ginecologia e obstetrícia do Brasil.
Authors: Freitas Patrícia De
Published: December 2018

o presente artigo apresenta os primeiros periódicos da área médica publicados no Brasil. A ênfase maior atem-se aqueles relacionados à ginecologia e obstetrícia, em particular a Revista de Ginecologia e d’Obstetrícia que circulou de 1907 a 1978. A longa periodicidade da revista aponta este boletim como fonte importante dos estudos de gênero. Ao longo dos seus 71 anos a revista foi um repositório das falas dos especialistas que fomentaram discursos e apresentaram, na prática o resultado de suas intervenções. Fonte de pesquisa imprescindível para aqueles preocupados em observar com as vida das mulheres foi demarcada pelos profissionais da medicina. Os periódicos médicos, muitos deles esquecidos nas prateleiras das bibliotecas dos cursos de medicina, precisam do olhar das ciências humanas, pois guardam em suas páginas um mapeamento sofisticado do corpo, em especial o corpo das mulheres.
Do mito ao experimento: a cartografia e a urbanização de Goiás no sec. XVIII
Authors: Boaventura Deusa Maria Rodrigues
Published: December 2018

A urbanização de Goiás no século XVIII se realizou segundo uma estratégia de posse e controle das terras coloniais, elaborada por Portugal. Para o interior do Brasil essas ações convivem com a mítica ideia da presença do ouro na região e podem ser vistas a partir do período filipino, com o governador D. Francisco de Souza, quando se deu a formação de incursões e elaboração de mapas. Mas só nos fins do Seiscentos, houve uma maior supervisão desse sertão, com medidas que redefiniram um programa de ocupação. Nesse momento Portugal já se encontrava com um corpo de escolas que formavam engenheiros militares, prontos para a realização de tarefas que iam desde os levantamentos cartográficos até a fundação de cidades.  Em Goiás, essas novas orientações são vistas no início do século XVIII, após as notícias do rico metal.  Contribuíram para a definição dos limites territoriais da capitania, com a formação de núcleos urbanos, com a instalação da capital Vila Boa, da Prelazia, e dos mapas feitos por sertanistas e engenheiros militares.
O Futuro do Brasil no pós-guerra Segundo A Revista ‘Em Guarda’ (1941-1945)
Authors: Locastre Aline Vanessa
Published: December 2018

Em meio às incertezas geradas por um conflito bélico, que no caso da Segunda Guerra Mundial mobilizou inúmeros países e recursos, colocando em cheque a hegemonia de algumas ricas nações no cenário internacional, no Brasil, além das inúmeras privações decorridas deste acontecimento, foi verificado um cenário otimista perante as vantagens que este estado de beligerância poderia trazer ao futuro econômico do país. A partir da análise da revista Em Guarda, publicação criada pelo Office of the Coordinator of the Inter-American Affairs, agência subordinada ao governo estadunidense e que possuía como objetivo estreitar as relações entre Estados Unidos e América Latina durante os anos de 1940 a 1946 no programa de Boa Vizinhança, foi possível perceber que o teor da propaganda fomentada por esta agência para alcançar os ‘corações e mentes’ de seus leitores brasileiros estava assentada, principalmente, na difusão do American Way of Life e de promissoras promessas para o pós-guerra.
Em caso de crime, por que não antecipar? Debates sobre menoridade na imprensa durante a vigência do Código de Menores (Santa Catarina, 1979 – 1990)
Authors: Daminelli Camila Serafim
Published: December 2018

Havia anos que, no Brasil, fazia-se necessária uma adequação das leis voltadas à população infantojuvenil, quando em 1979 o Estado brasileiro sanciona o chamado Novo Código de Menores. A doutrina da lei vinha a entrar no compasso da Política Nacional do Bem Estar do Menor, em voga no país desde 1964. No entanto, as discussões do período na mídia impressa acerca do problema do menor demonstram que a nova legislação não encerrou os debates acerca desse tema, considerado um grande problema social. Neste artigo analisamos dois matizes da política voltada aos infantojuvenis infratores, conforme se esboçaram na mídia impressa periódica de Santa Catarina: um deles, de viés social, referia-se à incompetência das políticas frente aos problemas estruturais das famílias carenciadas, geradoras de delinquência; o outro julgava necessário reduzir a menoridade penal para, através do encarceramento definitivo, eliminar do convívio social infratores a partir dos 16 anos de idade.
Três disparos em Sarajevo: poesia, fotografia e violência em Claudia Roquette-Pinto
Authors: Martins Aulus
Published: December 2018

O objetivo deste ensaio é analisar as articulações entre a poesia e a fotografia. A concepção de que a fotografia estabelece uma relação de homologia com o referente é questionada por autores tais como Walter Benjamin, Roland Barthes, Susan Sontag, Giorgio Agamben e Arlindo Machado. É a partir dessa perspectiva que propomos uma leitura do poema “Em Sarajevo”, de Claudia Roquette-Pinto, argumentando que a poeta incorpora no texto poético referências a imagens fotográficas com o propósito de evidenciar uma relação problemática entre a realidade e o que a fotografia capta.
O estudo dos grupos nominais em textos na língua inglesa: um enfoque sistêmico-funcional
Authors: Saparas Marcelo , De Morais Lucas Menezes
Published: December 2018

Este artigo objetiva a compreensão do grupo nominal (GN) em inglês de uma perspectiva não apenas morfossintática, mas também semântica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa que, por meio da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional de Halliday (2004), visa auxiliar a compreensão e, em alguns casos a tradução, de termos e frases da língua inglesa, ou seja, os GNs presentes em certos gêneros textuais. A pesquisa procura esclarecer a constituição dos GNs para que melhor se possa entender a relação da estrutura dos GNs e suas funções nos gêneros escrita acadêmica e textos publicitários da internet, pois espera-se que esses grupos nominais tenham uma constituição distinta em ambos os gêneros em questão. O corpus da pesquisa é composto por 50 GNs em inglês, sendo 25 para cada gênero, número que nos parece suficiente para observar como esses grupos se comportam. Observamos que, dependendo do gênero, pode haver diferenças na constituição dos GNs.
“A vida é um jogo”: o jogo discursivo no gênero videogame
Authors: Santos Yuri Andrei Batista , Torga Vânia Lúcia Menezes
Published: December 2018

Investigamos, neste artigo, o videogame como produção discursiva mediada pelo uso que a linguagem assume nas diversas esferas por onde circula o sujeito linguageiro. Portanto, centralizamos nosso percurso nas teorias do círculo bakhtiniano e seu conceito de gêneros discursivos (BAKHTIN, 2011), em confluência com teorias de letramento(s) advindas da Linguística Aplicada. Tomamos o jogo The Sims 4, da Electronic Arts, como objeto de investigação e, partindo da análise de concepções acerca do videogame, delimitamos traços indispensáveis a qualquer gênero discursivo, assim, abrindo espaço para futuros estudos nessa direção.
The Wisdom of Silenus: Suffering in The Birth of Tragedy
Authors: Brennan Katie
Published: November 2018

This article discusses Nietzsche's response in The Birth of Tragedy (BT) to what he calls the wisdom of Silenus, that “the very best thing is utterly beyond your reach: not to have been born, not to be, to be nothing. However, the second best thing for you is to die soon.” I begin by analyzing the view that Silenus expresses a proto-Schopenhauerian truth about the world as “Will.” I then review Bernard Reginster's interpretation of the wisdom of Silenus as an early form of Nietzschean nihilism. As an alternative to these readings, I argue that, for Nietzsche, Silenus's wisdom addresses a crucial, existential dimension of ancient Greek tragic culture. I conclude by pointing out that, in BT, Nietzsche locates nihilism not in the wisdom of Silenus, but in the advent of Socratism.
Moral Critique and Philosophical Psychology
Authors: Katsafanas Paul
Published: November 2018

This essay is one of ten contributions to a special editorial feature in The Journal of Nietzsche Studies 49.2 (Autumn 2018), in which authors were invited to address the following questions: What is the future of Nietzsche studies? What are the most pressing questions its scholars should address? What texts and issues demand our urgent attention? And as we turn to these issues, what methodological and interpretive principles should guide us? The editorship hopes this collection will provide a starting point for discussions about the most fruitful directions for Nietzsche scholarship to take and the most promising avenues for building on the best recent work.
Tool for Purchasing Positioning – Assessment of Purchasing Maturity and Performance Level
Authors: Barth Jens Andreas
Published: December 2018

This article provides a practical approach to evaluate the performance level of a purchasing organization before (ex ante) and after (ex post) the execution of a cost optimization project.A purchasing organization is often questioned, when performance (output) is not provided at the expected level (for example poor EBIT contribution). Provided there is a connection between performance level and the positioning of a purchasing organization, the interesting questions are: which aspects influence the performance level (output) and subsequently how can the effectiveness (input) of a purchasing organization be measured.The aim of this paper is to examine an applicable positioning tool, that helps to analyse and assess performance level and supports the selection of appropriate and tangible measures for sustainable cost optimization as an integrated tool of a cost optimization approach in the analysis phase.The utilized methodology considers an internet and literature research of typical evaluation methods and approaches, authors observation and synthesis of knowledge.Based on the research and subsequently logical reasoning a positioning tool is derived. Initially two formulated hypotheses are tested and confirmed through the application of the tool in three executed cost optimization projects and finally validated by semi-structured interviews with six purchasing experts.More accurate and precise evaluation of a purchasing organization prior to execution of a cost optimization project could lead to a better selection of cost optimization approaches and can help to reduce waste of time, capacity and expenditures. Assessment after project closure help to demonstrate the lift in performance.
Effect of implementing designed educational training program for neurological nurses on clinical outcomes of stroke patients
Authors: Abd El-Hay Seham A. , Abed Allah Amany K. , Tag El Din El Sayed A.
Published: November 2018

Background: Stroke is a major cause of functional disability, it increased the need for continuous nursing care. Nurses need to pay attention not only to the physical recovery after stroke, but also to the psychological and social recovery. Therefore, it is important to provide training courses to nurses about care of stroke patients.Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of implementing designed educational training program for neurological nurses on clinical outcomes of stroke patients.Methods: Design: A quasi experimental research design was utilized. Setting: Data were collected from Neurological Intensive Care Units, Wards and Neurological outpatient clinics of Tanta Main University Hospital. Sample: All nurses (n = 35) who are providing direct care for stroke patients and a purposive sample of 30 stroke patients. Tools: Three tools were used to collect data. Tool (I): Assessment of nurses’ knowledge questionnaire sheet about stroke; Tool (II): Observational checklist to evaluate nurses’ practice regarding care of stroke patients; and Tool (III): Patient’s clinical outcomes assessment sheet.Results: The results revealed that there were significant improvements in nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding care of stroke patients post training program at p < .01. Also, significant improvements in self-care and activities of daily living among stroke patients were observed from immediately to 2 months later post application of training program.Conclusions: The study findings revealed that the implementation of designed educational training program within 2 months were successful for improving nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding care of stroke patients. Furthermore, there was improvement in activities of daily living and self-care among stroke patients.Recommendations: It is recommended to generalize implementation of designed educational training program for neurological nurses as a routine hospital care for stroke patients.
Evaluation of Adult Environmental Awareness Behaviours in terms of Social Learning Theory according to Perceptions of Primary and Secondary School Students
Authors: Ata Erol
Published: December 2018

It has been a well-known fact that educational activities are significant in approaches directed to permanent solutions for environmental problems. To grow individuals who have awareness on their surroundings and are conscious about environment can be considered as an effective way of dealing with these problems. It is necessary to inform individuals about environment and to make them have innovative perspectives, by having positive attitudes. That is, individuals must be encouraged to change their attitudes and behaviours in a positive way. It is not possible to realize these aims only by means of instructing them. Becoming role models for the young makes the process easier and provides permanent learnings. Within this context, Social Learning Theory (SLT), posited by Albert Bandura, argues that learning by observations and imitations are important for children to acquire new knowledge, attitudes or behaviours. The purpose of this current study was to evaluate the adult environmental awareness behaviours in terms of SLT according to perceptions of primary and secondary school students. The perceptions of students were examined in terms of some variables such as gender, school grade, school type, parents’ educational background. Screening method was employed as a research design in this study. The population of the study was comprised of primary and secondary school students in Amasya city of Turkey. A questionnare developed by the researcher and called as “Observation Questionnaire on Environmental Behaviours Displayed by Adults” was employed in order to determine how they perceive the adults in terms of environment. Analysis of data revealed that students’ perceptions towards adults’ environmental awareness behaviours showed differences in terms of gender, whereas there weren’t any significant differences in terms of school grade, school type and parents’ educational background.