bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of wind pattern and complex topography on snow microphysics during International Collaborative Experiment for PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic winter games (ICE-POP 2018)
Authors: Kim Kwonil , Bang Wonbae , Chang Eun-Chul , Tapiador Francisco J. , Tsai Chia-Lun , Jung Eunsil , Lee Gyuwon
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Snowfall in the northeastern part of South Korea is the result of complex
snowfall mechanisms due to a highly contrasting terrain combined with nearby
warm waters and three synoptic pressure patterns. All these factors together
create unique combinations, whose disentangling can provide new insights into
the microphysics of snow on the planet. This study focuses on the impact of
wind flow and topography on the microphysics drawing of 20 snowfall events
during the ICE-POP 2018 (International Collaborative Experiment for
PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic winter games) field campaign in the
Gangwon region. The vertical structure of precipitation and size distribution
characteristics are investigated with collocated MRR (micro rain radar) and
PARSIVEL (particle size velocity) disdrometers installed across the mountain
range. The results indicate that wind shear and embedded turbulence were the
cause of the riming process dominating the mountainous region. As the
strength of these processes weakens from the mountainous region to the coastal
region, riming became less significant and gave way to aggregation. This
study specifically analyzes the microphysical characteristics under three
major synoptic patterns: air–sea interaction, cold low, and warm low.
Air–sea interaction pattern is characterized by more frequent snowfall and
vertically deeper precipitation systems on the windward side, resulting in
significant aggregation in the coastal region, with riming featuring as a
primary growth mechanism in both mountainous and coastal regions. The cold-low pattern is characterized by a higher snowfall rate and vertically deep
systems in the mountainous region, with the precipitation system becoming
shallower in the coastal region and strong turbulence being found in the layer
below 2 km in the mountainous upstream region (linked with dominant
aggregation). The warm-low pattern features the deepest system: precipitation
here is enhanced by the seeder–feeder mechanism with two different
precipitation systems divided by the transition zone (easterly below and
westerly above). Overall, it is found that strong shear and turbulence in the
transition zone is a likely reason for the dominant riming process in
the mountainous region, with aggregation being important in both mountainous and
coastal regions.
The Antarctic Stratospheric Aerosol Observation and Sample-Return System Using Two-Stage Separation Method of a Balloon-Assisted Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Higashino Shin-Ichiro , Hayashi Masahiko , Okada Takuya , Nagasaki Shuji , Shiraishi Koichi , Ozuka Keiichi
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The authors have developed a system for the Antarctic stratospheric aerosol observation and sample-return using the combination of a rubber balloon, a parachute, and a gliding fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A rubber balloon can usually reach 20 km to 30 km in altitude, but it becomes difficult for the UAV designed as a low-subsonic UAV to directly glide back from the stratospheric altitudes because the quantitative aerodynamic characteristics necessary for the control system design at such altitudes are difficult to obtain. In order to make the observation and sample-return possible at such higher altitudes while avoiding the problem with the control system of the UAV, the method using the two-stage separation was developed and attempted in Antarctica. In two-stage separation method, the UAV first descends by a parachute after separating from the balloon at stratospheric altitude to a certain altitude wherein the flight control system of the UAV works properly. Then it secondly separates the parachute for autonomous gliding back to the released point on the ground. The UAV in which an optical particle counter and an airborne aerosol sampler were installed was launched on January 24, 2015 from S17 (69.028S, 40.093E, 607 m MSL) near Syowa Station in Antarctica. The system reached 23 km in altitude and the UAV successfully returned aerosol samples. In this paper, the details of the UAV system using the two-stage separation method including the observation flight results, and the preliminary results of the observation and analyses of the samples are shown.
Sedapp v2021: a nonlinear diffusion-based forward stratigraphic model for shallow marine environments
Authors: Li Jingzhe , Liu Piyang , Sun Shuyu , Sun Zhifeng , Zhou Yongzhang , Gong Liang , Zhang Jinliang , Du Dongxing
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The formation of stratigraphy in shallow marine environments has long been
an important topic within the geologic community. Although many advances
have been made in the field of forward stratigraphic modeling (FSM), there
are still some areas that can be improved in the existing models. In this
work, the authors present our recent development and application of Sedapp, which is
a new nonlinear open-source R code for FSM. This code uses an integrated
depth–distance related function as the expression of the transport
coefficient to underpin the FSM with more alongshore details. In addition
to conventional parameters, a negative-feedback sediment supply rate and a
differentiated deposition–erosion ratio were also introduced. All parameters
were implemented in a nonlinear manner. Sedapp is a 2DH tool that is also
capable of running 1DH scenarios. Two simplified case studies were
conducted. The results showed that Sedapp not only assists in geologic
interpretation but is also an efficient tool for internal architecture
predictions.
OPTIMIZING LOW-COST UAV AERIAL IMAGE MOSAICING FOR CROP GROWTH MONITORING
Authors: Bupathy P. , Sivanpillai R. , Sajithvariyar V. V. , Sowmya V.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. High spatial resolution images acquired with drones can provide useful information to farmers for devising suitable management practices and increase crop yield. Data collected as individual frames or images have to be mosaiced using pattern recognition and matching process. Most flight missions collect hundreds of photos with high overlap and side overlap in order to generate mosaic without data gaps or distortion. These frames are aligned using the location information associated with each image. The same features are identified in multiple frames for generating the mosaic. In this process, it is common to use all or most of the images which requires a lot of resources. Uploading and processing hundreds of images could take several hours to days. Many farmers and crop consultants in developing countries may not have the necessary resources to upload hundreds of images. This study assessed the optimal number of images required to generate an image mosaic for a crop field without any data gaps or distortion. Images were collected at two different heights and directions. First, the mosaic was generated using all (100%) frames followed by subsets containing 90%, through 50% of images. Results obtained will assist us to plan the settings in future flight missions for acquiring optimal number of images required for generating image mosaic.
Buoyancy versus shear forces in building orogenic wedges
Authors: Candioti Lorenzo G. , Duretz Thibault , Moulas Evangelos , Schmalholz Stefan M.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The dynamics of growing collisional orogens are mainly controlled by buoyancy and shear forces. However, the relative importance of these forces, their temporal evolution and their impact on the tectonic style of orogenic wedges remain elusive.
Here, we quantify buoyancy and shear forces during collisional orogeny and investigate their impact on orogenic wedge formation and exhumation of crustal rocks.
We leverage two-dimensional petrological–thermomechanical numerical simulations of a long-term (ca. 170 Myr) lithosphere deformation cycle involving subsequent hyperextension, cooling, convergence, subduction and collision.
Hyperextension generates a basin with exhumed continental mantle bounded by asymmetric passive margins.
Before convergence, we replace the top few kilometres of the exhumed mantle with serpentinite to investigate its role during subduction and collision. We study the impact of three parameters: (1) shear resistance, or strength, of serpentinites, controlling the strength of the evolving subduction interface; (2) strength of the continental upper crust; and (3) density structure of the subducted material.
Densities are determined by linearized equations of state or by petrological-phase equilibria calculations.
The three parameters control the evolution of the ratio of upward-directed buoyancy force to horizontal driving force, FB/FD=ArF, which controls the mode of orogenic wedge formation: ArF≈0.5 causes thrust-sheet-dominated wedges, ArF≈0.75 causes minor wedge formation due to relamination of subducted crust below the upper plate, and ArF≈1 causes buoyancy-flow- or diapir-dominated wedges involving exhumation of crustal material from great depth (>80 km).
Furthermore, employing phase equilibria density models reduces the average topography of wedges by several kilometres. We suggest that during the formation of the Pyrenees ArF⪅0.5 due to the absence of high-grade metamorphic rocks, whereas for the Alps ArF≈1 during exhumation of high-grade rocks and ArF⪅0.5 during the post-collisional stage.
In the models, FD increases during wedge growth and subduction and eventually reaches magnitudes (≈18 TN m−1) which are required to initiate subduction.
Such an increase in the horizontal force, required to continue driving subduction, might have “choked” the subduction of the European plate below the Adriatic one between 35 and 25 Ma and could have caused the reorganization of plate motion and subduction initiation of the Adriatic plate.
A functional tool to explore the reliability of micro-earthquake focal mechanism solution for seismotectonic purposes
Authors: Adinolfi Guido Maria , De Matteis Raffaella , De Nardis Rita , Zollo Aldo
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Improving the knowledge of seismogenic faults requires the integration of geological, seismological, and geophysical information. Among several analyses, the definition of earthquake focal mechanisms plays an essential role in providing information about the geometry of individual faults and the stress regime acting in a region. Fault plane solutions can be retrieved by several techniques operating in specific magnitude ranges, both in the time and frequency domain and using different data. For earthquakes of low magnitude, the limited number of available data and their uncertainties can compromise the stability of fault plane solutions. In this work, we propose a useful methodology to evaluate how well a seismic network used to monitor natural and/or induced micro-seismicity estimates focal mechanisms as function of magnitude, location, and kinematics of seismic source and consequently their reliability in defining seismotectonic models. To study the consistency of focal mechanism solutions, we use a Bayesian approach that jointly inverts the P/S long-period spectral-level ratios and the P polarities to infer the fault-plane solutions. We applied this methodology, by computing synthetic data, to the local seismic network operated in the Campania-Lucania Apennines (Southern Italy) to monitor the complex normal fault system activated during the Ms 6.9, 1980 earthquake. We demonstrate that the method we propose can have a double purpose. It can be a valid tool to design or to test the performance of local seismic networks and more generally it can be used to assign an absolute uncertainty to focal mechanism solutions fundamental for seismotectonic studies.
Exhumation and erosion of the Northern Apennines, Italy: new insights from low-temperature thermochronometers
Authors: Erlanger Erica D. , Fellin Maria Giuditta , Willett Sean D.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Analysis of new detrital apatite fission-track (AFT) ages from modern river sands, published bedrock and detrital AFT ages, and bedrock apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) ages from the Northern Apennines provide new insights into the spatial and temporal pattern of erosion rates through time across the orogen. The pattern of time-averaged erosion rates derived from AHe ages from the Ligurian side of the orogen illustrates slower erosion rates relative to AFT rates from the Ligurian side and relative to AHe rates from the Adriatic side. These results are corroborated by an analysis of paired AFT and AHe thermochronometer samples, which illustrate that erosion rates have generally increased through time on the Adriatic side, but decreased through time on the Ligurian side. Using an updated kinematic model of an asymmetric orogenic wedge, with imposed erosion rates on the Ligurian side that are a factor of two slower relative to the Adriatic side, we demonstrate that cooling ages and maximum burial depths are able to replicate the pattern of measured cooling ages across the orogen and estimates of burial depth from vitrinite reflectance data. These results suggest that horizontal motion is an important component of the overall rock motion in the wedge, and that the asymmetry of the orogen has existed for at least several million years.
Planning a high-frequency transfer-based bus network: How do we get there?
Authors: Grise Emily , Stewart Anson , El-Geneidy Ahmed
Published: August 2021

As cities have grown more dispersed and auto-oriented, demand for travel has become increasingly difficult to meet via public transit. Public transit ridership, particularly bus ridership, has recently been on the decline in many urban areas in Canada and the United States, and many agencies have either undergone or are planning comprehensive bus network redesigns in response. While comprehensive bus network redesigns are not novel to public transit, network redesigns are commonly being considered in cities to optimize operational costs and reverse downward trends in transit ridership. For cities considering a comprehensive bus network redesign, there is currently no comprehensive easy-to-follow planning process available to guide cities through such a major undertaking. In light of that, this study presents a methodology to guide transport professionals through the planning process of a bus network redesign, using Longueuil, Quebec, as a case study. Currently, Longueuil operates a door-to-door network, and the goal is to move to a transfer-based, high-frequency service while keeping the existing number of buses constant. A variety of data sources that capture regional travel behavior and network performance are overlaid using a GIS-based grid-cell model to identify priority bus corridors. A series of analyses to measure and quantify anticipated and actual improvements from the proposed bus network redesign are conducted, including coverage analysis, change in accessibility to jobs, and travel time analysis. Accessibility to jobs was the key performance measure used in this analysis and is presented as a useful tool for planners and transit agencies to obtain buy-in for the proposed plan. This methodology provides transport professionals with a flexible and reproducible guide to consider when conducting a bus network redesign, while ensuring that such a network overhaul maximizes the number of opportunities that residents can access by transit and does not add an additional burden to an agency’s operating budget.
Bagaimana Pembelajaran Daring ditinjau dari Perspektif Merdeka Belajar pada Masa Covid 19: Berdasarkan Pendekatan Sistem
Authors: Permana Johar , Siti Syarifah Liah
Published: August 2021

Pembelajaran daring menjadi pilihan satuan pendidikan dalam melangsungkan proses belajar-mengajar di masa pandemi Covid 19. Terlepas dari terjadinya wabah tersebut, tipe pembelajaran yang didasarkan pada teori belajar konstruktivistik ini sangat relevan dengan kebijakan merdeka belajar.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan gambaran pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring pada masa Covid 19 berdasarkan pendekatan sistem. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan. Pengumpulan informasi serta datanya menggunakan berbagai macam bahan dan materi yang ada di perpustakaan, yaitu berupa buku, jurnal, dokumen, berita, serta sumber yang memiliki relevansi lainnya. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah content analysis dengan pendekatan dari teori sistem. Berdasarkan kajian ditemukan skema berupa alur proses pembelajaran daring dari input, proses dan output. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemetaan pembelajaran daring melalui pendekatan sistem telah memberikan gambaran umum untuk pelaksanaan pembelajaran sehingga diharapkan menjadi bekal pengetahuan untuk para pendidik dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran daring di sekolah secara efektif terutama pada masa pandemi seperti yang sedang terjadi saat ini.
Pauline Kael and the western genre as critical displacement of self & nation: Metaphorics and affects of ‘taste’ in American film criticism
Authors: West Patrick
Published: August 2021

Pauline Kael (1919–2001) is one of the most influential American film critics of the

second half of the twentieth century. Many people are writing on her presently, with at

least half an eye to her future cultural, political and historical importance. Certainly the

full impact of Kael’s work, both within and beyond the borders of cinema (however

defined), has not yet been established. This article unpacks the mechanisms and

operations of ‘taste’ in Kael’s writings by using two notions drawn from Roland

Barthes’ observations about another key figure of current cultural critique: Julia

Kristeva. The comparison of Kael with Kristeva is not dwelt upon; instead, the article

focuses on how Kael used the concepts of ‘taste’ and ‘dis-taste’ to draw her readership

into a field of what might be termed ‘permanent dissent’. This article concludes by

sketching out why Jewish-American Kael’s taste might endure, through the dual

transition she occupies from a Cold War to a post-Cold War period, and from an era

when cinema was the supreme, undisputed, screen artform, to the rise of the myriad

screen technologies of the networked, Internet age.
Food bloggers and the democratisation of taste
Authors: Vincent Alison
Published: August 2021

First there were restaurants, then there were restaurant reviews. The democratisation of

taste began with Grimod de la Reynière’s Almanach des Gourmands and, today, anyone

with access to a computer can publish their own opinions of the restaurants they visit to

a worldwide audience. This paper considers amateur restaurant reviewers – food

bloggers – and the part they play in disseminating and shaping notions of good taste.
Twenty Years’ Experience with Endovenous Laser Ablation for Varicose Veins: A Critical Appraisal of the Original Procedure
Authors:   Department of Vascular Surgery,  Mosaderma Clinics, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands, Disselhoff Bernardus , der Kinderen Daan ,   Sanalink, The Netherlands
Published: August 2021

Objective: A critical appraisal of the original procedure of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for varicose veins. Method: Evaluation of all practical aspects of the procedure. Results: EVLA procedures are performed in a strictly ambulatory setting with tumescent local anesthesia (TLA). Technical improvements have resulted in the need for fewer incisions and re-punctures, less ecchymosis, and fewer technical failures. Administration of an appropriate amount of TLA via an infusion pump has reduced the risk of nerve injury, administration time, and pain during the procedure. Use of a 1470-nm diode laser and a radial fiber have significantly improved patient satisfaction and reduced the occurrence of complications such as pain, tightness, ecchymosis, and the need for additional procedures. Lastly, there are only a few indications left for high ligation and stripping. Conclusion: Over the past 20 years, EVLA has evolved into an effective, cost-efficient, and safe procedure that provides high patient satisfaction.
Evaluation of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Identification of Liver Malignancy
Authors:   Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri, Rodriguez Jorge , Grendar Jan ,   Queen Elizabeth II Hospital Grande Prairie, Canada Portland Providence Cancer Center Portland, Oregon, Jutric Zeljka ,   Department of Surgery UC Irvine Medical Center Orange, California Portland Providence Cancer Center Portland, Oregon, Cassera Maria ,   Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle, Washington, Wolf Ronald ,   Department of Surgery UC Irvine Medical Center Orange, California, Hansen Paul ,   Portland Providence Cancer Center Portland, Oregon The Oregon Clinic Portland, Oregon, Hammill Chet ,   Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri
Published: August 2021

Introduction: There is early evidence that indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has the ability to detect metastatic and primary malignancies in the liver that are too small to be identified by other methods. However, the rate of false positives and false negatives remains unknown. Materials and Methods: This is a single institution prospective single-arm study. Patients with suspected hepatic or pancreatic malignancies were intravenously injected with ICG one to three days prior to their scheduled surgical therapy. At the beginning of the procedure, the liver was assessed with fluorescence imaging and all identified lesions were biopsied and evaluated. Results: Twenty-three patients were enrolled from April 2015 through February 2016. Fifteen patients with confirmed malignancy had adequate fluorescence imaging evaluation of the liver; 10 with pancreatic primary malignancies and five with hepatic primaries. Fluorescence imaging was the only modality that identified nine concerning hepatic lesions, all of which were benign on pathology examination. Out of 11 malignant hepatic masses, six were visible on fluorescence imaging. Out of nine benign hepatic lesions, five were visible. No side effects or complications of the fluorescence imaging were encountered. The sensitivity for ICG fluorescence was 45.5%, the specificity 21.2%, the positive predictive value 25%, and the negative predictive value 40%. Conclusion: Intraoperative hepatic assessment with ICG fluorescence imaging to identify malignancy in the liver is feasible and safe. However, in this study the significant number of false positives limit the utility of the technique. Our preliminary data do not support its routine use for detection of malignancies in the liver.
Orthopaedic Management of Bladder Exstrophy
Authors: Özer R. Özgür
Published: August 2021

Bladder exstrophy is an embryologic malformation that affects urogenital and skeletal systems. Non-operative treatment of this rare problem is impossible. Urogenital reconstructions can be facilitated by orthopedic procedures. These reconstructions can be performed in a single stage as a complete repair or multi-stage approaches. The goal of the treatment is closure of the bladder and abdominal wall for the achievement of continence, preservation of renal functions, and cosmetic and functional reconstruction of genital organs. Orthopedic procedures are performed to decrease the tension that complicates the bladder and abdominal wall closure by approximating the pubic rami to achieve a secure closure and a low recurrence rate. Surgical interventions consist of the approximation of the pubic rami with different materials such as suture materials and plaque or the application of different osteotomy types such as posterior iliac, anterior pelvic (pubic), diagonal iliac, horizontal iliac and posterior pelvic resection osteotomies. The age of the patient, the amount of pubic diastasis and history of previous operations that the patient has undergone should be considered during the operation planning. Pubic rami can be approximated without performing pelvic osteotomy in patients who are operated within the first 72 hours after birth. But, osteotomy is required in children older than 2 years of age with severe pubic diastasis, concomitant cloacal exstrophy and unsuccessful operation history. The surgical team should have enough knowledge and experience to perform different osteotomy types in case of need to combine anterior and posterior iliac osteotomies. With these multidisciplinary approaches, much more successful outcomes could be achieved.
E-commerce dalam usaha kecil dan menengah
Authors: Fidowaty Tatik , Insani Rizki Ikhwan , Hadiansah Andri , Mega Raiswati Untsa
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peran penting Electronic Commerce (E-commerce) dalam memasarkan suatu bisnis. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan analisis kualitatif. Dilakukan dengan mendeskripsikan jawaban responden untuk memperoleh informasi terkait investigasi, seperti jenis produk, proses bisnis, dan proses pemasaran yang telah dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sistem E-commerce dapat menjadi strategi yang akan meningkatkan daya saing Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM). Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa perkembangan teknologi pemanfaatan e-commerce menjadi penting dan dibutuhkan dalam proses bisnis.
Teknologi E-Money di Era New Normal
Authors: Ismawati Linna , Thufailah Ashillah Arief , Utami Rizkina Denaty , Pradana Fandy , Mega Raiswati Untsa
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah perusahaan telah memiliki aplikasi transaksi ekonomi elektronik untuk efisiensi proses pembayaran. Seluruh pelaku ekonomi harus segera beradaptasi dengan transaksi ekonomi yang mengurangi penyebaran COVID-19. Salah satu budaya yang berubah adalah membayar melalui uang tunai, yang akan berubah menjadi transaksi elektronik. Para pelaku bisnis harus mampu beradaptasi dengan menciptakan alat pembayaran berbasis digital yaitu e-money. Saat ini banyak pelaku ekonomi yang melakukan transaksi pembayaran konvensional melalui pembayaran tunai dalam bentuk uang kertas dan koin. Ini menghasilkan banyak transaksi tatap muka antara konsumen dan perusahaan. Untuk alasan ini, sudah saatnya di era normal baru transaksi keuangan tunai diubah menjadi transaksi yang mengurangi pertemuan fisik antara pembeli dan penjual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan melakukan survei untuk menyimpulkan kondisi umum metode transaksi perusahaan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa sektor ekonomi menggunakan uang plastik alias e-money atau kartu debit, namun dalam jumlah yang sedikit. Gaya hidup New Normal nantinya akan memaksa para pelaku ekonomi untuk menggunakan e-money. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi desain aplikasi transaksi pembayaran elektronik yang tepat bagi perusahaan untuk meningkatkan profitabilitasnya. Penggunaan uang elektronik dalam transaksi ekonomi berdampak pada kemudahan bertransaksi dan membantu mengurangi penyebaran Covid-19.
Sistem informasi akuntansi penjualan berbasis web pada CV. Raval Garmindo
Authors: Bayu Aji Achmad Maezar
Published: August 2021

Sistem yang digunakan CV. Raval Garmindo Bekasi masih bersifat pembukuan sehingga berdampak negatif khusunya pada pengolahan data penjualan, data barang, transaksi penjualandan laporan penjualan yang membutuhkan waktu lebih dalam pengolahan laporan serta data yang disajikan tidak akurat. Metode yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode waterfall yang terdiri dari analisa dan perancangan, serta pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan studi pustaka. Hasil dari analisa menyatakan bahwa sistem yang diterapkan kurang efektif yang menghasilkan laporan penjualan barang yang tidak berkualitas. Data yang disajiakan tidak akurat disebabkan oleh kesalahan dari pelaku dalam mengola data. Maka dari itu penulis memberikan usul sebuah rancangan sistem baru yang bersifat kompeterisasi dengan Java Script, dan CSS sebagai bahasa pemograman MySQL dan PhpMyAdim sebagai basis data, dengan harapan dapat membantu mempermudah atau mempermaju proses kerja dan meninggkatkan kualitas dalam pengolahan data yang terjadi pada CV. Raval Garmindo Bekasi khususnya di bagian pengolahan data penjualan barang.
Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Children with Dengue Fever and Predictors of Severe Dengue
Authors: M Sahana , VK Devakumar , A Santhosh Kumar
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To study the Clinical and Laboratory profile of children upto 12 years of age with Dengue fever and to study the predictors of Severe Dengue among these children.
Methods:
Design: Descriptive study over 1 year 9 months.
Setting: SAT hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, a tertiary care center.
Study Population: 204 children aged 1month to 12 years admitted with serologically confirmed dengue fever without any co-infections; consecutive sampling.
Procedure: Relevant history, detailed physical examination and investigations were noted. Patients were classified for their severity based on DENGUE guidelines-WHO 2009. Children were followed up till discharge during hospital stay. Categorical values were expressed as proportions and quantitative variables in mean and standard deviation. Association between various study variables and severe dengue were statistically analysed.
Results: Mild dengue was seen in 96 children(47.1%), moderate dengue in 78 children(38.2%) and severe dengue in 30 children(14.7%). Mean age of presentation was 6.4 years. Age distribution- infants were 4.4%, 38.7% were between 1 year and 5 years; 56.9% were between 6 and 12 years.51% of children were males.
Common clinical presentation was fever (100%), vomiting(46.6%), abdominal pain(32.4%), lethargy(24.5%), myalgia(22%), headache(16.7%) and reduced appetite(15.7%). Mean fever duration was 5 days. Hypotension was noted in 13.2%, Tender hepatomegaly in 44%, signs of plasma leakage in 6%, hypoalbuminemia in 7.8%. Total number of death was 2(1%).
Variables with significant association with severe dengue on univariate analysis were Lethargy (p-<0.001, OR- 11.6), reduced appetite (p- <0.001,OR- 17.14), mucosal bleed (p<0.001, OR- 15.45), Fever spike >39◦C (p- 0.001, OR- 4.3), tender hepatomegaly (p- 0.001, OR- 4.2), decreased urine output (p <0.001, OR- 23.04), hypoalbuminemia (p <0.001, OR-43.5), platelet count below 80,000 (p <0.001, OR-4.43), SGOT above 85 (p <0.001, OR-4.9).
According to the maximum area under ROC curve, a cutoff of platelet count 80,000 had 75% sensitivity and 60% specificity for predicting severe dengue.
Conclusion: Proportion of children developed severe dengue was 14.7%. Independent predictors of severe dengue after multiple logistic regression were Lethargy, Reduced appetite, Reduced urine output and Hypoalbuminemia.

Keywords: severe dengue; urine output; shock; hypoalbuminemia.
Role of a Nurse in Preventing the Diabetic Foot Storm
Authors: Gope Mandira , Dhanwal Ashok
Published: August 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a common epidemic and metabolic condition worldwide, which needs serious concern to avoid major complication. Out of several complications diabetic foot ulcer is the impenetrable one. ‘Amit Jain’ from India has classified 6 categories of diabetic foot problems and describes the pathway towards the diabetic foot storm (Apoorva H C & Jain A K C, 2020). These categories and pathway is beneficial to construct preventive plan of action to detain diabetic foot storm. Diabetic foot storm encompasses different problem combined with diabetic foot condition. Nurses are playing vital role in every health care sector. They can save this storm with the knowledge of diabetic foot storm, pathway and different preventive strategies includes education, screening, awareness camping.

Keywords: Diabetic foot, Storm, Strategies, Prevention, Epidemic.
Pencarian Informasi Mengenai Sustainlable Development Goals (SDFs) "Life Bellow Water"
Authors: GUMELAR RIZKI ATA , Ramsa Wika Al-Fatih
Published: August 2021

Sustainlable Developmpent Goals (SDGs) merupakan sebuah program pembangunan yang memiliki tujuan untuk melestarikan dan mensejahterakan alam. Secara garis besar SDGs berjalan dengan memperlihatkan aspek penting rerdapat 17 faktor utama. Dari 17 tujuan diatas, pada kesempatan kali ini akan membahas tujuan ke 14 yaitu tentang Life Below Water (Ekosistem Laut). Inti dari target tersebut adalah untuk melestarikan dan memanfaatkan secara berkelanjutan sumber daya kelautan dan samudera untuk pembangunan berkelanjutan. SDGs memiliki tujuan dimana diharapkan kaum millennial mampu berperan banyak dalam memajukan perekonomian dunia dengan tetap memperhatikan aspek penting termasuk alam dan menggunakan sumber daya yang ada secara maksimal yakni technology agar tidak tertinggal jauh dengan negara yang sudah lebih maju. Oleh karena itu dilakukanlah penulisan ini untuk mengetahui teknologi yang telah dikembangkan agar dapat menunjang tercapainya SDGs life bellow water serta meningkatkan pemanfaatkan kehidupan bawah laut agar bisa berkembang / berfungsi secara maksimal dengan teknologi yang ada. Dimana manfaat dari adanya edukasi mengenai SDGs ini agar kaum milenial mampu berperan banyak dalam memajukan kelestarian dan kesejahteraan dunia dan tetap memperhatikan aspek penting agar tidak tertinggal jauh dengan negara yang lebih maju.
Pencarian Informasi Mengenai Sustainable Development Goals (Reduced Inequalities)
Authors: Andriyani Syakira
Published: August 2021

Sustainable Development Goals adalah sebuah program yang dibuat untuk membangun dunia yang bertujuan untuk mensejahterakan masyarakat di dunia. Dengan meninjau beberapa faktor yang menjadi tolak ukur dari kesejahteraan suatu negara. Salah satu faktor yang dijadikan tolak ukur tersebut adalah Reduced Inequalities (Mengurangi Kesenjangan). Saat ini, sudah banyak inovasi teknologi yang dikembangkan untuk membantu mengatasi kesenjangan ini agar para penyandang disabilitas tetap dapat menjalani kehidupan layaknya manusia normal. Maka dari itu, saya ingin mengetahui jenis-jenis teknologi apa saja yang sudah dibuat saat ini untuk para penyandang disabilitas. Dan juga mengkaji lebih dalam mengenai cara pencarian informasi mengenai teknologi-teknologi tersebut sehingga pengetahuan saya mengenai jenis teknologi yang dibuat untuk mengurangi kesenjangan pada penyandang disabilitas semakin bertambah.
Association of low vitamin B12 in Trigeminal Neuralgia Patients Visiting Peshawar Dental College
Authors: Younas Muhammad , Aziz Khattak Munawwar , Alam Khan Ismail , Zia Ur Rehman Arbab , Sheraz Alam Muhammad , Masood Gulmeena , Irshad Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Background: Vitamin B12 is also known as cobalamin and is a hydrophilic vitamin, it is involved in metabolism of every cell of the  body. It is a cofactor in DNA synthesis RNA, hormones, proteins, and lipids, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. Low  levels of serum vitamin B12 may trigger pain in patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia. Methylcobalamin, a form of Vitamin  B12, protects against neurological diseases and aging. Mauro showed that high doses of methylcobalamin are needed to  regenerate neurons as well as the myelin sheath that protects nerve axons and the peripheral nerves.Objective: The prime focus of this study was to report the frequency of low serum Vitamin B12 level in Identified Trigeminal  Neuralgia patients visiting Peshawar Dental College and Hospital and to find the effect of gender on low serum vitamin B12 levels.Methods: A total of 90 known trigeminal neuralgia patients seeking treatment at the Department of Oral Medicine, Peshawar  Dental College and Hospital were enrolled. All patients were advised to carry out serum Vitamin B12 level in laboratory. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 19. The statistical significance was set up at p <0.05.Results: Out of 90 known trigeminal neuralgia patients, 58.8% were females and 41.1% were males. 43.3% females and 27.0%males had low serum Vitamin B12 levels. No statistical significant difference between gender and low serum vitamin B12 level was found.Conclusions: Study confirms that gender has no effect on low serum levels of B12 in trigeminal neuralgia patients and a highproportion of trigeminal neuralgia patients had a low serum vitamin B12 levels.
Persistent Cutaneous Discharging Sinus, A Diagnostic Dialema. Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zia Arbab , Sheraz Alam Muhammad , Irshad Muhammad , Rashid Momena , Salam Sobia , Jamil Yusra
Published: August 2021

Paper describes a case of persistent cutaneous discharging sinus after multiple failed surgeries. Different diagnostic modalities were used to determine the cause of discharging sinus. Description of the diagnosis and surgical procedure is present with  literature review.
„Olimpul din Lipcani” – un fenomen literar basarabean
Authors:   “Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu” Institute of Romanian Philology, Republic of Moldova, Metleaeva Miroslava
Published: August 2021

This article analyzes the phenomenon of „Bessarabian Olympus” in the cultural and literary life of Jews not only in Bessarabia, but also in the Romanian and world cultural space. The author tries to explain why Lipcani - a small town, produced such a large group of remarkable people. Eliezer Șteinbarg, Iehuda Șteinberg, Leiser Grinberg, Mihail Kaufman, Yankev Șternberg, Moisei Altman - these are just a few representative names for the respective pleiad of Jewish writers. Even a brief review of the history of Jewish national culture from the Bessarabian region leads to the conclusion that the peak of its development took place in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century. The author discusses the links between social and historical memory as multilateral relations, offering the possibility to make a specific portrait of the era and of the people who represent it. The Bessarabia of that time, of the integration of the foreign-speaking population, contrasts strongly with the official data not only of the Soviet sources, but also with those of different studies published after 2000. It is necessary that the scientific analysis of Jewish literature and culture in the interwar period to be carried out in a form as developed as possible, which would allow the scattering of preconceived ideas about the culture and history of Bessarabia.
Control of Tutaabsoluta using pheromone traps on tomato crops under greenhouse in Algeria
Authors:   Laboratoire de Recherche des Plantes Médicinales et Aromatiques, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Blida 1, BP 270, Route de Soumaa, Ouled Yaich 09100, Blida, Algeria, Bellatreche Mohamed , Messgo-Moumene Saida ,   Laboratoire de Recherche des Plantes Médicinales et Aromatiques, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Blida 1, BP 270, Route de Soumaa, Ouled Yaich 09100, Blida, Algeria, Guendouz-Ben Rima Atika ,   Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Productions Végétales, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Blida 1, BP 270, Route de Soumaa, Ouled Yaich 09100, Blida, Algeria, Chaieb Ikbal ,   Centre Régional de Recherche en Horticulture et Agriculture Biologique. BP 57, 4042 Chott Mariem, Université de Sousse, Tunisia
Published: August 2021

The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of pheromone traps of adults of Tuta absoluta in 4 potential tomato production areas in Algeria: Tipaza (Center), Mostaganem (West), Jijel (East) and Biskra (South), during the 2012-2014 campaigns. Two tomato greenhouses were considered for each zone in which, one was protected by the setup of pheromone traps and the other as an insecticide sprayed control. Tomato leaf samples were taken from each greenhouse, each month of each year according to the areas of studies to calculate the rates of infestation. Higher infestation rates were recorded in the greenhouses with local agricultural practices (control) compared with those protected by pheromone traps. With the use of the pheromone traps, a remarkable reduction affected the infestation of the greenhouses in the 4 studied areas during the years 2012 to 2014. The southern area seemed to be the most infested and at a least degree the areas of the West, the Center and the East, respectively. The temporal evolution of infestation rates showed an increase since January until July with June and July showing the higher infestation rates. These results showed the efficacy of trapping of T. absoluta males and the importance of their sustainable use in the integrated control system against this devastating insect in Algeria.
The Whitefly Dialeurodes citri: A New Pest on Citrus in Tunisia?
Authors:   Université de Carthage, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, LR14AGR02 / Bioagresseurs et Protection Intégrée en Agriculture, 43 Av. Charles Nicolle, Cité Mahrajène,1082, Tunis, Tunisia, Boulahia-Kheder Synda
Published: August 2021

Whiteflies invaded citrus orchards in Tunisia in the 90’s. Two species: Aleurothixus floccosus and Parabemisia myricae have been recorded successively infesting citrus and causing severe damage in Cap-Bon (North-East of Tunisia). These pests were first controlled by several insecticidal applications but with a relative efficiency. Then two biological control programs have been deployed completing the action of native natural enemies especially for P. myricae. The result was a very satisfactory control of both whitefly species, to a point that they almost disappeared from orchards for about 30 years. In 2017, a third whitefly species, identified as Dialeurodes citri, was observed during a prospection in citrus orchards in Takelsa region (Cap-Bon). It was a common species in Algeria, but never caused damage in Tunisia. In 2020, D. citri was found again with very high population densities in the regions of Menzel Bou Zelfa (Cap-Bon) and Tunis. These observations confirmed its change of status and spread in Tunisia. The main morphological and biological traits to distinguish between D. citri and the other two whitefly species, already recorded in Tunisia, were described and first observations on its infestation were reported. Some recommendations to manage this new pest are given.
Inhibitors of Neutral Peptidase
Authors: J. Saadh Mohamed , M. Aldalaen Saed , M. Sbaih Hala
Published: August 2021

There are several circulated hormones that control intravascular blood volume which are secreted from cardiac tissue, such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP). These peptides will be elevated in case of heart failure (HF), and because of their diuretic, natriuretic, vasodilating effects as well as suppressing renin production they will work as compensated for HF. The natriuretic peptides system has critical effect against renin – angiotensin – aldosterone system (RAAS). A suggested therapeutic approach was discussed in HF treatment via performing human recombinant ANP and BNP, but it’s requiring more clinical trials to evaluate the quality of this approach compared to conventional treatment.
Flutamide Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for prostate Cancer: A Review
Authors: Rao S. Venkateswara , Kumar S. Sathesh
Published: August 2021

Flutamide is a potent nonsteroidal anti androgen used to treat advanced prostate cancer. It blocks the androgen receptors on the cancer cells and inhibits the androgen dependent cell growth. This work was planned to compile the research work available in the scientific publications in the formulation and evaluation of Flutamide loaded polymeric nanoparticles for the treating the prostate cancer including the study of influence of various formulation components such as polymer concentration, organic phase volume, drug content, stabilizer concentrations and the ratio between aqueous to organic phase in the characteristics of nanoparticles. Literature study revealed that, methods like Ionic Gelation Technique, Solvent Evaporation method and Nanoprecipitation have been utilized and polymers like Chitosan, casein, Methacrylic acid, PHEA-IB-p(BMA) graft copolymer, mPEG – PLGA and PVA have been utilized. The drug loaded polymeric nanoparticles were evaluated for their physiocochemical properties along with characterization with FTIR, in vitro release and in vitro and in vivo anticancer potential. From the literature it was understood that, nanoprecipitation method was the most commonly used method in various research perspectives. Based on the findings of the present review, Flutamide loaded polymeric nanoparticles may be used as an treatment adjunctive for prostate cancer.
A Review on Ceftazidime and Avibactum
Authors: Abed Mohsina , Fatima Sughra
Published: August 2021

Ceftazidime is a semi synthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactam, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic useful for the treatment of many bacterial infections like joint infections, meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis, urinary tract infections, malignant otitis externa, and vibrio infection. It is synthesized chemically using ethyl acetoacetate, sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid. The Structural analogues of Ceftazidime are better in terms of activity, potency and stability. Cefmenoxime has increased stability to beta-lactamases, the syn isomer of Ceftizoxime is more potent, Moxalactam has enhanced activity against Pseudomonas, Ceftriaxone has higher serum peak level and a prolonged half-life. Ceftazidime acts by inhibiting bacterial transpeptidases and preventing the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. It is assayed by Infrared spectroscopy. Stability studies showed that the drug degrades extensively on reconstitution in aqueous solution on exposures to heating at 45ºC and UV/Visible radiation, while the drug in solid state is stable. The drug is identified by carbonate or sodium tests and tested for its pH, clarity of solution, loss on drying and bacterial endotoxins. In 2015, USFDA approved a combination of Ceftazidime with Avibactam, a non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor which protects ceftazidime from hydrolysis by a wide range of serine β-lactamases and expands its spectrum of activity to Enterobacteriaceae resistant to ceftazidime, and is used for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and intra-abdominal infections. Five new ceftazidime derivatives have improved acid stability and increased spectrum of ceftazidime. All the Schiff bases showed good antimicrobial activity especially against G(+) bacteria. Compounds 2 and 3 showed broader antibacterial spectrum against both G(+) and G(-) bacteria.
L2 Listening Expertise: A Deliberate Practice Approach
Authors: S. Altuwairesh Nasrin
Published: August 2021

The significant role listening plays in second language acquisition is now well-established. However, despite changes in the perception of second language (L2) listening, it remains an under-researched skill. Listening is the most challenging of the four language skills in terms of both learning and teaching. This calls for more research to tackle issues with the teaching and learning of L2 listening. Expertise is thought to be the end result of engaging in extensive amounts of deliberate practice. However, metacognitive instruction and deliberate practice done separately are rarely enough to achieve L2 listening expertise. Thus, this article proposes a new approach to L2 listening, in which metacognitive instruction is an essential element, but not an end in itself. This new approach to L2 listening integrates both metacognitive instruction and deliberate practice to gain benefits and overcome the shortcomings in the two approaches. Therefore, the combining of metacognitive instruction with deliberate practice challenges the current approach to teaching L2 listening.
民事法裁判精選
Authors: 陳忠五 陳忠五
Published: August 2021

最高法院最近公布2則民事大法庭裁定，其一涉及土地法第34條之1關於多數共有人出賣共有土地卻未通知少數共有人時，如何對少數共有人負損害賠償責任的問題；其二涉及民法第95條關於非對話為意思表示，以其通知達到相對人時發生效力，其所謂「達到」應如何解釋適用的問題。