bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF WOOD CHIPS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY AND HEAT
Authors: Maganov I. , Tihonov Evgeniy , Syunev V.
Published: February 2022

In the current energy environment, with an expected increase in energy consumption in the face of depletion of fossil fuel reserves, more attention is being paid to renewable energy sources for electricity generation. One of the most attractive alternatives is biomass, which can be effectively used to generate electricity, as well as heat using cogeneration technologies that increase the efficiency of the entire energy conversion process. The North-western region of the Russian Federation is a region with recognized potential for electricity and heat production, using primary forest biomass and waste from the forest industry, among which wood chips are distinguished for their ease of obtaining, processing and drying, as well as for their good and stable behavior during combustion or gasification. However, in order to use the available resources efficiently, that is, to minimize the material and technical requirements to reduce the energy required for the electricity generation process, biomass obtained in the conditions of logging enterprises must be used locally in order to comply with sustainable forest management methods. This article is aimed at describing various technological alternatives for converting wood chips into electricity and heat, as well as comparing these technologies for use in logging enterprises.
PROSPECTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BASED ON LOW-VALUE WOOD AND POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE WASTE FOR LOW-RISE HOUSING CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Medvedev Il'ya , Vorotnikov D. , Ishutin S.
Published: February 2022

Low-rise buildings represent a promising direction for the development of the affordable housing market in Russia. A low-rise building is understood as a residential object with a number of floors up to three floors. The market of townhouses, cottages, low-rise apartment buildings is gradually becoming a full-fledged part of the overall Russian real estate market. The availability of such housing for the middle class of Russian citizens contributes to solving the problem of housing security. For the effective implementation of the affordable low-rise housing program, it is proposed to use innovative structural material based on low-value soft hardwood and material from polyethylene terephthalate waste in the construction of housing. It is proposed to obtain the structural material according to the developed and patented technology on non-standard technological equipment.
RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POWER LINE POLES FROM SOFT HARDWOOD
Authors: Parinov Dmitriy , Medvedev Il'ya , Shamaev Vladimir
Published: February 2022

At present, the length of power transmission lines (PTL) in the Russian Federation with reinforced concrete poles is about 90% of the total length of transmission lines and in the near future the number of reinforced concrete poles will not decrease. Annually in the Russian Federation, about 10 million power transmission poles are installed and changed, incl. in the Siberian Federal District about 4 million pieces. Moreover, in most developed countries with a large length of power lines, as well as in the north of Russia, power line poles are made of coniferous wood. Industrial stocks of such wood are decreasing every year, and the development of new stocks requires additional capital expenditures. Considering the above, there is reason to believe that these regions may become the main target niche of power transmission line poles made of modified wood. The basis of coniferous trees in the Russian Federation are: pine, spruce, larch, fir and cedar. Birch, although in some characteristics it is close to hard deciduous species, is not customary to refer to them. Of all the listed conifers, pine is the most common in the Central Federal District.
ENERGY-SAVING TECHNOLOGY FOR PROCESSING WOOD WASTE
Authors: Safin R. , Sotnikov V. , Karimov I. , Miftahov R.. , Il'yasov I.
Published: February 2022

Waste recycling is a key direction in the resource conservation policy of most developed countries of the world. In Russia, much attention is paid to waste processing, but to this day, the main method of waste processing is incineration. The efficiency of this method is rather low and also harmful to the environment. Waste can be processed more efficiently, while obtaining useful products for the economy and alternative fuels. The best alternative to waste incineration is their pyrogenetic decomposition. Recycling using this technology decomposes waste into 3 fractions: solid, gaseous and liquid. Gas and distillate (liquid) are alternative fuels, and the carbonaceous residue can serve as the basis for the production of an adsorbent useful in the industry - activated carbon. Energy saving in the presented technology is achieved through the use of high-calorific combustible gases obtained during the decomposition of waste as the main heat carrier.
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SLEEPERS FROM MODIFIED WOOD
Authors: Shakirova Oksana
Published: February 2022

Sleepers made of modified hardwood with high-quality impregnation significantly surpasses sleepers made of natural coniferous wood in their physical and mechanical characteristics. Obtaining such sleepers is possible by combining technological operations of pressing, drying and impregnation. In other words, all the time applying mechanical pressure, the wood is dried in a hydrophobic liquid with simultaneous impregnation. For the production of experimental batches of sleepers and the implementation of this method, a pilot plant SPK-1M was manufactured.
DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROCESSING LOGGING WASTE IN LOGGING CONDITIONS
Authors: Zyryanov Mihail , Milyaeva I. , Shvecov V.
Published: February 2022

. The paper analyzes the actual volumes of the raw material base of the timber industry complex in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. An assessment is given to the types and amounts of generated logging waste. An innovative technology and equipment for the processing of logging waste in the conditions of logging into wood flour is proposed. The analysis of the design features of the mobile grinding plant has been carried out. An assessment of the efficiency of processing felling residues directly at the cutting area is given.
Dynamics of distribution and structural-functional features of mast cells in the thyroid gland of rat's offspring in the norm and after penatal exposue of staphylococcal toxoid
Authors: Fedosieieva O.V.
Published: February 2022

The quantitative and functional state of mast cells, features of their localization in the age aspect of the early postnatal period of ontogenesis in normal and after prenatal exposure of staphylococcal toxoid to the fetus were studied in the thyroid gland of rats. As a material of the study were thyroid glands of Wistar rats aged 3 to 30 days of postnatal development (108 animals). Three groups of animals on the 3rd, 7th, 11th, 14th, 21st, 30th days of the postnatal life period were studied: I group – intact animals (norm); ІІ group – control, animals which were injected with 0.9% NaCl solution on the 18th day of the dated pregnancy; III group – experimental animals injected with staphylococcal toxoid liquid purified adsorbed (10-14 binding units in 1 ml, diluted 10 times) at a dose of 0.05 ml. Staphylococcal toxoid and 0.9% NaCl solution were administered to the fetus surgically during laparotomy, by intrauterine, transdermal subcutaneous injection into the interscapular area at a dose of 0.05 ml to each fetus. It is established that as a result of prenatal action of antigen-staphylococcal toxoid on the body postnatally in the early stages of development in the thyroid gland there is a balance between the processes of migration, distribution, degranulation of mast cells and proliferative processes of parenchyma, gland stroma and lymph node formation. In the thyroid gland during morphogenetic processes with the appearance of new follicles and intracellular regeneration, the population of mast cells responds with active degranulation, with the release into the intercellular space of biologically active substances, which apparently have a modulating effect on thyroid components and supporting the thyroid gland. recovery processes.

Keywords: thyroid gland, antigen, staphylococcal toxoid, mast cells, experiment, rats.
ANALISIS KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL PADA BUKU SISWA IPS SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Yulistiani Yusi Yulistiani
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui analisis  keterampilan sosial siswa pada buku siswa IPS kelas 5 sekolah dasar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan menggunakan penelitian deskriptif  kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan di SD Aisyiyah Kota Sukabumi di kelas V (lima).  Sumber data dalam penelitian adalah buku siswa, buku guru tema 3 “makanan sehat” dan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dalam buku siswa tema 3 muatan pembelajaran ilmu pengetahuan sosial  terdapat pembelajaran yang memuat indikator keterampilan sosial dalam setiap langkah pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan pedoman buku guru dan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran sehingga keterampilan sosial siswa terus berkembang.
PELATIHAN PEMBELAJARAN SAINTIFIK BERWAWASAN RAMAH ANAK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU
Authors: Sudar Sudar
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to improve the competence of teachers in designing child-friendly scientific learning activities through child-friendly scientific learning training activities at SDN 1 Temulus, Mejobo District, Kudus Regency, 2018/2019 academic year. The research was carried out in 2 cycles, each cycle of four stages, namely planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. There has been an increase in teacher competence in designing child-friendly school learning at SDN 1 Temulus. After being given action in the form of child-friendly scientific learning training activities, teacher competence increased in cycle I to 8 teachers (80%) in the good category and 2 teachers (20%) in the sufficient category, and in cycle II to 10 teachers (100%) in good category. So it can be concluded that the workshop for child-friendly school learning models can improve teacher competence in designing child-friendly scientific learning training.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN BERBASIS DARING PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Gunarwati Rahmi , Maula Luthfi Hamdani , Nurasiah Iis
Published: February 2022

This research is motivated by the low reading comprehension ablility of sudents. This study aims to find out how the online-based learning process for reading comprension skills is and how the online-based assesment process for reading comprehension skills is. As for this type of researsh using descriptive method. Data were collected by means of in-depth interviews and daocumentation. The subjects in this study were the fifth grade elementary scools students, totaling 30 students. Based on the description of the data obtained from discussion of the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be conckuded that the online-based reading comprehension ability of SDB Tunas Harapan students is in the suffictient category, altthogh there are some who are lacking in reading comprension ablility. The results of the reading comprehension test of students who met the KKM were 23 people, while for students who did not meet the KKM were 7 people, with an average score of 71,2. From the result of this study, the online based reading comprehension ability of SDN Tunas Harapan Students is in the  suffiction category, for the highest score of students on this test is 90 while the lowest score is 25. Students who have not met the KKM are due to lack of cognitive ability, and do not concentrate when reading or reading. Do not understand the material that has been delivered by the teacher so that the ability of student to answer the question becomes difficult. Support from the teacher or the people around him in reading must always be there and done so that students feel motivated and interest in readinf better in order to add knowlodge and broad insight. Keyword: Reading Comprehension Ability, Online Learning
Correction of immobilization stress by melatonin in rats under conditions of dark deprivation
Authors: Balykova Larisa , Moskaeva Elena , Inchina Vera , Tarasova Tatyana , Mosina Larisa , Ignatieva Olga , Gvozdikova Evgeniya , Khaydar Dalila , Kuchuk Andrey , Saushev Igor
Published: February 2022

In this study, we have evaluated the effectiveness of melatonin in correcting stress in rats that occurred after dark deprivation and mobility restriction. The main group of animals (n=6) received melatonin in order to overcome stress. The obtained indicators for assessing the stress level (vertical activity, freezing, the number of boluses) in the main group of rats were compared with the indicators of the control (animals received placebo, n=6) and intact (n=6) groups. As a result, when the daylight lengthens, rats develop stress, which is manifested by a change in the activity of the animal. We have proved that the use of melatonin reduces hyperactivity in rats by 1.5 times (p<0.01) and the duration of freezing is reduced by ⅓ (p<0.05). Conclusion: In animals treated with melatonin, physical and vegetative activity was significantly higher compared to the placebo group. Therefore, melatonin helps to overcome immobilization stress in rats under conditions of dark deprivation.
ROLE OF ASSISTANCE AND INSURANCE COMPANIES
WHILE PROVIDING TRAVEL, HEALTH AND TRANSPORTATION SERVICES
Authors: Kaminskyi Bohdan , Kaminska Olga
Published: February 2022

Introduction. In the article, the theoretical bases (principles) of insurance assistance are investigated. The formation prerequisites of interaction of assistance and insurance companies are analyzed. The necessity of assistance companies activities in the insurance market while providing tourism, health and transportation services is grounded.
Purpose. The aim of the investigation is to substantiate the theoretical and organizational principles of the insurance and assistance companies cooperation.
Method (methodology) of the work is based on the methodology of insurance assistance, assistance companies in the insurance market in providing travel, medical and motor transport services.
Results. We note that the necessity for activities of the assistance companies at the insurance market is undeniable today. The cooperation of assistance and insurance companies will continue to grow, as it enables the insurer to develop competitive and attractive insurance products to potential policyholders, to provide legal support, regulation of consequences and financial aspects of the insurance cases in various fields of the insurance, travel insurance, including health, motor vehicle and so on.
MODELLING OF THE IMPACT OF FREE TRADE ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY
Authors: Novoseletskyy Oleksandr , Selvestruk Olesia
Published: February 2022

The article reveals the essence of the concept of "free trade" and identifies the main tools of this policy. The method of calculating the index of free trade is studied, the dynamics of the index of free trade of Ukraine for 2011-2020 and the dynamics of the components of this index are analyzed. Determining the impact of key factors on the level of GDP with the help of economic and mathematical tools allows you to form and propose ways to increase the level of economic development for Ukraine.
Purpose. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of free trade on the development of the country's economy using methods of economic and mathematical modeling.
Method (methodology). To study the impact of free trade on the economic development of the country, several models based on panel data were built. Gross domestic product was chosen as the result variable, with independent factors such as exports and imports, inflation, net foreign direct investment, labor, and the free trade index. In the study of panel data, the normal regression model (combined), the fixed effects model, and the random effects model were constructed. The constructed models were tested using the Hausman, Broysch-Pagan and Wald test. The comparative analysis of modeling results is carried out.
Results. The results showed the high accuracy of the constructed models and show that free trade, expressed by the index of free trade, has a negative impact on the economic development of the country, expressed in gross domestic product.
Evolution of patterning materials towards the Moore’s Law 2.0 Era
Authors: Goldfarb Dario L.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the utilization of lithographic materials for semiconductor patterning applications based on optical and EUV radiation sources is reviewed. Photoresist platforms including novolac, chemically amplified, chain scission, molecular and inorganic materials are discussed in relation to their chemistry, design, processing, and performance. If the focus of Moore’s Law 1.0 was on laterally scaling the number of components on a single chip, Moore’s Law 2.0 can be understood as the coming era of 3D scaling, where the improved performance from 2D shrinking is replaced by integrated AI, 3D packaging, 3D transistors and new types of memory, among other enablers. As the historical patterning challenges faced by the lithographic industry to scale down semiconductor devices over multiple technology nodes are reviewed from a materials perspective, insight is given regarding future patterning materials utilization and the importance of back-implementing leading-edge materials for Moore’s Law 2.0 patterning applications.
Perché si dice olio a crudo e non olio crudo?
Authors: Caria Marzia
Published: February 2022

Diversi lettori chi chiedono perché, nel linguaggio della gastronomia, si usa la locuzione a crudo in riferimento all’olio in luogo dell’aggettivo crudo.
The Active Ageing Index in the Republic of Moldova, 2020
Authors: Buciuceanu-Vrabie Mariana
Published: February 2022

In 2020, the Active Ageing Index (AAI) for the Republic of Moldova scored 28.7 points out of 100, registering a slight increase compared with the first estimates of the Index made in 2016 (27.1 points). However, the general situation of the population improved modestly – over the past five years less than 1/3 of the human potential aged 55+ is enabled and has opportunities to have an active and healthy ageing.
A multi-dimensional framework for prosthetic embodiment: Review and perspective for translational research
Authors: Zbinden Jan , Lendaro Eva , Ortiz-Catalan Max
Published: February 2022

The concept of embodiment has gained widespread popularity within prosthetic research. Embodiment has been claimed to be an indicator for the efficacy of sensory feedback and control strategies. Moreover, it has even been claimed to be necessary for prosthetic acceptance, albeit unfoundedly. Despite the popularity of the term, an actual consensus on how prosthetic embodiment should be used in an experimental framework has yet to be reached. The lack of consensus is in part due to terminological ambiguity and the lack of an exact definition of prosthetic embodiment itself. In a review published parallel to this article, we summarized the definitions of embodiment used in the prosthetics literature and concluded that treating prosthetic embodiment as a combination of ownership and agency allows for embodiment to be quantified, and thus useful in translational research. Here, we reviewed the potential mechanisms that give rise to ownership and agency considering temporal, spatial, and anatomical constraints. We then use this to propose a multi-dimensional framework where prosthetic embodiment arises within a spectrum dependent on the integration of volition and multi-sensory information as demanded by the degree of interaction with the environment. This framework allows for different experiments on sensory feedback and control to be put into perspective. Considering embodiment in a spectrum tied to the interaction with the environment led us to conclude on the importance of evaluating prosthetic technologies operating in environments as close to daily life as possible.
الرؤية النقدية من المنظور الثقافي في مرحلتي الريادة والتجديد في قطر دكتور محمد كافود ونورة آل سعد أنموذجا
Authors: مبروك مراد
Published: February 2022

يعد الناقد الدكتور محمد عبد الرحيم كافود رائدا للحركة النقدية الأدبية في قطر، من خلال الدراسات النقدية الذي امتدت منذ السبعينيات من القرن الماضي حتى الآن، وكان له كبير الأثر في النقد الروائي والقصصي والمسرحي والنقدي على مستوى الأدب القطري والخليجي والعربي. ومن منظور النقد السياقي تعد دراساته النقدية في هذه المجالات الأدبية المختلفة رائدة في الأدب القطري. بداية من تأسيسه للحركة النقدية القطرية في القصة والقصيرة والرواية والشعر والمسرح والنقد،  ونهاية بدراساته الفكرية والثقافية النوعية في اللغة والهوية، وقد تمثلت هذه الجهود في دراساته النقدية الرائدة، نذكر  منها – على سبيل المثال وليس الحصر  - دراساته: "  الأدب القطري الحديث: و " النقد الأدبي الحديث في الخليج العربي" ، وديوان " أحمد يوسف الجابر دراسة وتحقيق" وصدرت هذه الأعمال  في مطلع الثمانينيات من القرن الماضي، ثم توالت دراساته النقدية الأخرى نذكر منها؛ " القضايا الاجتماعية في المسرح القطري"  عام  1991، " دراسات في الشعر العربي المعاصر في الخليج " عام 1994، و " أوليات النقد الأدبي في الخليج" عام 1995، و "القصة القصيرة في قطر، النشأة والتطور " عام 1996، و " إشكالية الثقافة العربية بين الأصالة والمعاصرة" عام 1996 ، و " التسامح في الثقافة الإسلامية " عام 2003 ، والمسرح في قطر، النشأة والتجربة" عام 2008 ، وظلت دراساته النقدية تتوالى حتى وقتنا الحالي.
كما تعد الناقدة نورة آل سعد واحدة من أبرز الكاتبات القطريات في المسيرة الإبداعية والنقدية، وتعد امتدادا للحركة النقدية والثقافية المتطورة  في قطر في العقود الأخيرة منذ نهاية الثمانينيات حتى الآن،  فقد  أصدرت مجموعتها القصصية " بائع الجرائد" عام 1989، ثم أصدرت دراسة بعنوان " تجريبية عبد الرحمن منيف في مدن الملح " عام 2005، و"أصوات الصمت"  وهي مقالات في القصة والرواية عام 2005، و"الشمس في إثري" عام 2007 وهي مقالات في الشعر والنقد، ومجموعتها القصصية  " بارانويا " عام 2013، وظلت أعمالها القصصية والنقدية تتوالى حتى وقتنا الحالي، ومن ثم تدور الدراسة في محورين

الأول: الدكتور محمد كافود والرؤية النقدية السياقية لجيل الرواد
الثاني: نورة آل سعد والرؤية النقدية الثقافية للجيل الثاني
الأداتان (ما )و (الواو ) في تفسير الميزان - دراسة نحوية
Authors: اسماعيل عباس , علي سيف
Published: February 2022

قد سار الباحث في كتابة هذا البحث على المنهج الوصفي التعليلي، إذْ تناول الأداتين ما، والواو عند السيد الطباطبائي في تفسيره الميزان وكيف رجح وأجاز واحتمل في توجيهه لمسائله النحوية وهذه المسائل هي : ترجيح مجيء ما استفهامية على معنى النافية، وترجيح مجيء ما موصولة على كونها نافية، أو استفهامية أو مصدرية، وترجيح مجيء ما موصولة على كونها مصدرية، وترجيح مجيء ما نافية على كونها موصولة، وترجيح مجيء ما للتعجب على كونها استفهامية، ترجيح معنى العطف في الواو على معنى الاستئناف، وترجيح مجيء الواو للحال بدلًا من كونها عاطفة، وترجيح كون الواو داخلة على جملة الصفة تأكيدًا بدلًا كونّها واو الثمانية، وترجيح مجيء الواو للقسم على كونها عاطفة.
Analysis On 7th Grade Students’ Reading Comprehension Through Skimming- Scanning Techniques
Authors: Dewi Kadek Ayu Astari
Published: February 2022

This research was purposed to describe students’ reading comprehension through skimming-scanning technique at SMPN 6 Singaraja and to describe supporting and limiting factors in implementing skimming and scanning for the 7th grade students’ reading comprehension in SMPN 6 Singaraja. Descriptive qualitative research is the method employed in this investigation. Teachers and students were the focus subject of this investigation. The result showed that the supporting factor in implementing skimming and scanning for the students’ reading comprehension in 7th grade SMPN 6 Singaraja is the technique is easy to use for certain text. The limiting factor in implementing skimming and scanning for the students’ reading comprehension in 7th grade SMPN 6 Singaraja is the students’ limited vocabulary which mean needs vocabulary enrichment. Then, the 7th grade students’ reading compprehension through skimming-scanning technique implemented in reading in SMPN 6 Singaraja are categorized as good with mean score 75.5.
Students' Understanding of Mathematical Concepts in terms of Emotional and Spatial Intelligence
Authors: Maria Asti  , Gunur Bedilius , Silfanus Jelatu  , Apolonia Hendrice Ramda
Published: February 2022

Conceptual understanding is one of the core standards in mathematics or as a key component of mathematical skills. Understanding mathematical concepts is knowledge that involves a thorough understanding of the underlying concepts and the basis behind the algorithms performed in mathematics. A student must have this understanding if he wants to understand mathematics in depth. The problem may not be because it is solely related to the learning process, but rather the internal intelligence of students. This study examines how the relationship between spatial and emotional intelligence with students' understanding of mathematical concepts. This research is a correlational research with multiple correlation research design. This research involved 66 students of SMP class VIII in Kab. East Manggarau, NTT as a sample. Data collection is done by using questionnaires and tests. Before the data were analyzed correlatively, both simple and multiple, the analysis prerequisite tests were carried out, namely normality, linearity, and multicollinearity. The results of data analysis show that these three test requirements are met and the results of hypothesis testing indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between emotional and spatial intelligence and students' understanding of mathematical concepts (either partially or simultaneously). Simultaneously, these two intelligences contribute 16.08% to increasing students' understanding of mathematical concepts. The study provides a recommendation that in improving students' understanding of mathematical concepts, consideration of students' basic intelligence factors needs to be considered before being treated or designing a mathematics learning environment
ONLINE MARKETING TRAINING ON MSME CV BINTANG FOOD BANTUL YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Fikri Farhan Fikri Farhan , Zidni Husnia Fachrunnisa
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic that has spread globally since early 2020 has had an impact on various aspects, including the business aspect. Business people are forced to face the various changes that occur due to the pandemic. The pandemic is changing consumer behavior adapting to online shopping. As such, it is regarded as something normal. Therefore, business people who want to survive in the midst of the crisis due to COVID-19 must adapt to changes in consumer behavior, which now tends to always shop online. CV Bintang Food is one of the MSMEs affected by covid 19. The pandemic has caused a decrease in consumer demand for products which also resulted in income decrease. Therefore, this community service activity aims to help CV Bintang Food adapt to the changes that occur due to the pandemic. The method used is by observing and providing training related to promotion and sales through online media (Whatsapp, Facebook, and Instagram). This community service activity is carried out in three stages, namely: preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. It is hoped that after this service, CV Bintang Food is able to practice selling their products through online media which will then lead to an increase in their sales
The ‘Maria Story’ in Greek, Latin, & Hebrew
Authors: Bay Carson
Published: February 2022

This article provides the first close comparative analysis of the Greek, Latin, and Hebrew versions of the ‘Maria Story’ or teknophagia, the account of the mother who ate her child within a besieged Jerusalem first recorded in Flavius Josephus’ Jewish War 6.201–203. Josephus’ original account was written in Greek in the first century. Within the following half-millennium, three Latin versions of the story developed: those of 1) the Latin translation of the War, 2) Rufinus of Aquileia’s translation of Eusebius’ Church History, which contains Josephus’ Greek version of the story, and 3) the Latin adaptation of Pseudo-Hegesippus or On the Destruction of Jerusalem (De Excidio Hierosolymitano). This latter text comprises a late fourth-century Christian rewrite of the War and served as the most important source for a Jewish text that would emerge five hundred years later: the so-called Sefer Yosippon, an early tenth-century Hebrew text which is arguably the first and most important installment of medieval Jewish historiography. Each of these texts has received scholarly attention, and sometimes several of them have been discussed together; the Maria Story itself has not escaped scholarly treatment. Yet for all this research the exact relationship between these texts and particularly their accounts of the Maria Story has never been explained clearly and in detail. This article fills this gap in the research and uses the Maria Story to explore source-critical, literary, philological, and rhetorical questions pertaining to these five versions of the Maria Story, with an emphasis upon De Excidio and Sefer Yosippon, the most understudied iterations of this developing ancient and medieval tradition, enhancing scholarly knowledge and appreciation of all these works as distinctive iterations of an interconnected web of tradition.
Le changement climatique en France illustré par la classification de Köppen
Authors: Dubreuil Vincent
Published: February 2022

L'objectif de cet article est de décrire simplement la manière dont s'opère le changement climatique en France entre 1950 et 2100 au moyen de la classification de Köppen. La méthode est utilisée pour caractériser les types moyens mais aussi chacune des années prises individuellement afin de tenir compte de la variabilité interannuelle du climat. Les projections sont extraites du portail Drias en utilisant le modèle CNRM avec les scénarios RCP4.5 et 8.5. Les résultats montrent la poursuite au XXIe siècle de la tendance à la diminution des climats tempérés frais au profit des climats chauds. Ces tendances sont exacerbées par le scénario RCP8.5 en fin de siècle où le type méditerranéen prédominerait largement au sud comme à l'ouest du pays !

The aim of this paper is to simply describe how climate change takes place in France between 1950 and 2100 using the Köppen classification. The method is used to characterize the average types but also each of the years taken individually in order to take into account the interannual variability of the climate. The projections are extracted from the Drias portal using the CNRM model with the RCP4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The results show the continuation in the 21st Century of the tendency to decrease in cool temperate climates in favor of warm climates. These trends are exacerbated by the RCP8.5 scenario at the end of the century, where the Mediterranean type would largely predominate in the south and west of the country!
Penggunaan “E-Learning Madrasah” terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 pada Pelajaran IPA
Authors: Mu'minah Iim Halimatul , Sugandi Muhamad Kurnia , Gaffar Aden Arif
Published: February 2022

Pembelajaran di masa pandemi Covid-19 disarankan untuk dilaksanakan secara daring, agar dapat mengurangi dampak penyebaran virus SARS-CoV-2. Salah satu unsur pendukung yang dapat menfasilitasi pembelajaran daring adalah learning management system (LMS). LMS merupakan sebuah software yang didesain untuk membuat, mendistribusikan, dan mengatur penyampaian konten pembelajaran. Di antara sekian banyak LMS yang digunakan oleh guru dan siswa, khusus di lingkungan madrasah adalah “E-learning Madrasah”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan E-learning Madrasah terhadap motivasi belajar siswa selama masa pandemi covid-19 pada mata pelajaran IPA. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pre-eksperimen karena tanpa adanya kelas kontrol, populasi penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas VII MTs Negeri 2 Majalengka yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan mempertimbangkan homogenitas populasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata pretest sebesar 77,07 dan posttest sebesar 87,7. Analisis N-Gain pada pembelajaran daring berbasis e-learning madrasah menunjukkan angka sebesar 0,48 dengan kategori sedang. Keterlaksanaan penggunaan E-learning Madrasah memiliki kriteria efektif. Efektivitas penggunaan e-learning madrasah dinilai efektif dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa selama pandemi covid-19 pada mata pelajaran IPA.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Sekaa Teruna terhadap Tanaman Upakara Hindu
Authors: Sudiana I Made , Surata I Ketut , Meylani Vita
Published: February 2022

Sekaa Teruana (ST) sebagai generasi muda penerus adat budaya dan agama Hindu perlu mempunyai pengetahuan tentang tanaman upakara yang banyak digunakan dalam ritual keagamaan Hindu. Tingkat pengetahuan ST dalam mempersiapkan sarana dan mewujudkan bentuk upakara lebih baik. ST juga memiliki kesadaran untuk ikut menjaga kelestarian tanaman upakara. Telah dilakukan penelitian pada Sekaa Teruna (ST) di Desa Adat Sanggulan dan Desa Adat Tengkudak, untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuannya tentang tanaman upakara. Penelitian yang bersifat eksploratif menggunakan metode kuisioner untuk mengumpulkan data. Jenis kuisioner yang digunakan berupa kusioner campuran terdiri dari 17 pernyataan/pertanyaan tertutup dan 8 pertanyaan terbuka. Data hasil isian kuisioner dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan yaitu tingkat pengetahuan ST Desa Adat Sanggulan sebesar 67,48 (cukup tinggi), dan ST Desa Adat Tengkudak sebesar 70,52 (cukup tinggi). Tingkat pengetahuan kedua ST berbeda tidak nyata (non signifikan) berdasarkan hasil uji-t pada taraf signifikasi 5% dan df 54. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa wilayah tempat tinggal yang dikotomis antara perkotaan dan pedesaan, tingkat keanekaragaman jenis tanaman upakara yang berbeda, tingkat pendidikan, jenis kelamin yang berbeda tidak berpengaruh langsung terhadap tingkat pengetahuan ST terhadap tanaman upakara.
Análisis tecno-estético de la expresión sonora folklórica y popular del canto femenino en la música tropical colombiana. Doris Salas y Totó la Momposina.
Authors: Herrera Colorado Monica Alexandra
Published: February 2022

Este trabajo presenta un análisis tecno-estético (Simondon, 2017) de tres estilos de canto -el lírico, el popular y el folklórico- a través de un estudio comparativo de su caracterización morfológica y de las ondas de audio que cada uno de ellos emite. Para sustentar empíricamente nuestro estudio, hemos echado mano de dos referentes musicales femeninos en la música tropical colombiana : Totó la Momposina y Doris Salas. Para ello, hemos diseñado una interfaz que permite comparar las similitudes y diferencias entre este tipo de vocalidades a través de su modulación sonora, con lo cual observamos no sólo su dimensión estética, sino también técnica.
Reward and Compensation Management Initiatives on Employee Performance: An Evidence of Organization Development Initiatives
Authors: Lipuku Francis , Sang Hellen , Rop Williter
Published: February 2022

Organisational development (OD) interventions are structured programs designed to solve a problem, which enables the organisation to attain its goals which are critical in an age where organisation performance and return on investors is important. Employee performance is how employees fulfil their duties and complete the tasks assigned at the workplace on time. Increased employee performance translates to higher output hence higher returns to factors of production. It is on this note the paper aims to determine the relationship between reward and compensation management and employee performance in not-for-profit organisations in Kenya using a case of select organisations within the South Rift region. The study adopted a quantitative research design where a target population of 500 respondents was used. The findings indicated that reward and compensation initiatives had a significant positive relationship with employee performance (β = 0.395; p = 0.000<0.05). The study recommends that there is a need for organisations to have proper rewards and compensation in place to enhance employee performance. More emphasis should be directed to reward and compensation because it is the main contributors to employee performance.
Peran Pendidikan Dan Pengetahuan Ilmu Kimia Dalam Mengembangkan Potensi Pengawetan (Tempoyak Atau Pakasam) Bahan Nabati Dan Hewani Lokal Daerah Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Arifianti Khusnul Khatimah Yeni
Published: February 2022

Peran pendidikan kimia sangat penting dalam pengembangan potensi lokal yang perlu dipelajari peserta didik SMA. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengangkat kebudayaan lokal daerah Kalimantan Tengah untuk dapat dipelajari lebih lanjut dan menjadi khazanah dalam pendidikan kimia dalam pengembangan potensi daerah terutama pada teknis pengawetan (Tempoyak atau Pakasam) bahan nabati dan hewani Khas Kalimantan Tengah.Salah satu tantangan yang sudah ada yaitu masyarakat ekonomi ASEAN (MEA), dimana masyarakat di negara ASEAN dapat bersaing bebas menghasilkan produk unggulan dan bebas memasarkannya, dan persaingan keterampilan (skill) dalam dunia kerja. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan cara kajian pustaka. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil kajian pustaka menunjukkan bahwa keilmuan kimia sebagaimana pemaparan pengolah Tempoyak secara kimiawi dengan cara Fermentasi merupakan terobosan dalam mengembangkan potensi yang dimiliki oleh buah durian. Dalam konteks di atas, hubungan antara sains, teknologi, dan masyarakat menjadi penting, sebab seperti kita ketahui, teknologi lahir karena adanya kebutuhan manusia untuk mempermudah segala aktivitas dan kegiatannya, serta untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan daya ekonomis suatu produk sebagaimana pengolah Tempoyak Durian.
Mengontruksi Pengetahuan Kimia Menggunakan Penalaran Induktif Dengan Bantuan Lembar Kerja
Authors: Abudarin Abudarin
Published: February 2022

Hasil Studi PISA tahun 2015 menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan peserta didik dalam menalar masih rendah, oleh karena itu peserta didik perlu didorong untuk mengonstruksi sendiri pengetahuan yang harus mereka kuasai melalui proses menalar. Tulisan ini berupaya untuk: (i) menjelaskan perspektif konstruktivisme dalam belajar dan pembelajaran; (ii) menjelaskan perlunya panduan belajar dalam mengonstruksi pengetahuan menggunakan penalaran induktif, (iii) megungkapkan kemampuan peserta didik dalam mengonstruksi pengetahuan kimia. Berdasarkan kajian teoritis dan empiris dapat diungkapkan hal-hal berikut. Dalam perspektif teori konstruktivisme belajar adalah proses dimana individu membangun struktur kognitif mereka, dengan demikian pembelajaran adalah proses dimana peserta didik aktif secara mental mengonstruksi pengetahuan baru yang dilandasi oleh struktur kognitif yang telah dimilikinya. Proses membangun pengetahuan dilakukan melalui aktivitas berfikir baik secara induktif maupun deduktif, namun demikian dalam praktiknya berpikir induktif lebih banyak digunakan dalam menemukan pengetahuan baru. Sebagai fasilitator tugas utama pendidik dalam pembelajaran konstruktivistik adalah “memampukan” peserta didik untuk mengonstruksi sendiri pengetahuan yang harus mereka kuasai melalui pemberian arahan, tuntunan, dan bimbingan yang efektif. Arahan, tuntunan, dan bimbingan akan lebih efektif apabila dikemas dalam panduan belajar misalnya dalam bentuk lembar kerja. Penyususunan lembar kerja dimulai dengan penyusunan kisi-kisi yang setidaknya memuat komponen indikator/tujuan pembelajaran, ungkapan pengetahuan yang harus dikonstruksi, data/informasi yang diperlukan, sumber data/informasi, cara memperoleh data/informasi, prasyarat pengetahuan, dan fasilitasi pendidik. Dengan menggunakan panduan belajar yang tepat peserta didik mampu mengonstruksi pengetahuan kimia dengan benar.
Knowledge Relationship About Lactation Management With Maternal Behavior In Breastfeeding
Authors: Hasliah  , A.Nurlaela Amin  , Fitriani
Published: February 2022

The background of this study is that breastfeeding behavior is an active act of a mother in exclusive breastfeeding that is without additional food from the baby born to 6 months of age. The purpose of the research is the known relationship of maternal knowledge about lactation management with maternal behavior in breastfeeding at the Puskesmas Kajang Kecematan Kajang Bulukumba Regency. The research method conducted is descriptive correlation research with a Cross-Sectional approach. Data collection using questionnaires. The number of respondents to 47 mothers had babies 6-12 months with simple random sampling technique. The results showed that using the chi-square statistical test obtained a value of ρ = 0.028< α = 0.05. Then there is a difference in proportion between maternal knowledge of lactation management and maternal behavior in breastfeeding or other words. There is a relationship between maternal knowledge of lactation management and maternal behavior in breastfeeding. Conclusion and Advice are that there is a knowledge relationship about lactation management with maternal behavior in breastfeeding in public Health Kajang districts kajang Bulukumba regency. The research results can add science and can be used as additional libraries in the field of science for educational institutions Stikes Panrita Husada Bulukumba.
Adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in promoting sustainable wildlife conservation in communities around Hwange national park, Zimbabwe
Authors: Obert Sifile , Daniel Sithole , Chinhoyi Mbizi , Desderio Chavunduka
Published: February 2022

Though there are various Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives by the Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority (ZPWMA), through the Communal Areas Management of Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) and wildlife conservation in Zimbabwe is facing perennial challenges that range from illegal hunting, wildlife habitat fragmentation, and wildlife retaliatory killings. The main objective of the study is to assess the adoption of effective CSR initiatives on communities around Hwange National Park on wildlife conservation. A case study research design was used where the target population was communities living around Hwange National Park. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used. The data collected from questionnaires was analysed using SPSS and interview data was placed into thematic areas according to objectives. Findings were that there is a legal framework for CSR in place but the challenge is on its implementation. It was noted in the study that the community is not being involved in the conservation of wildlife. The findings also indicated that the economic situation is affecting the daily operation of Hwange National Park; hence, there is reduction of CSR funding which includes the provision of social services. From the study, it was observed that some of the infrastructure like boreholes and roads were no longer being serviced on time due to limited resources. The study recommends that the use of education and awareness campaigns are essential for the conservation of the resources in the protected area.
The toponymical palimpsest: renaming as a symbolic (re)construction of space and place
Authors: Mitin Ivan
Published: February 2022

Theoretical approaches to renaming as present within critical toponymy and cultural geography are described in the article. The critical approach presumes neglecting the traditional etymological studies and considers toponymy as a reflection and a projection of certain social processes. A geographical approach to the social meanings of renamed places is suggested to develop this paradigm by means of explaining the multiplicity of a place. The place itself as a notion, a center of human meanings and a starting point of the unite world view is used as a domain for the suggested approach. The critical geographical paradigm is combined with the representational approaches typical for new cultural and humanistic geography in order to create a stereoscopical vision of a place through the multiplicity of its meanings, images, lived social practices and semiotic signs. Developing the notion of geoconceptualization of a place within its renaming a palimpsestic approach in toponymic studies is stated. Geoconcept are regarded not only as linked to certain place images and meanings, but also as a part of the process of the endless process of the new world views’ formation. The toponymical palimpsest reveals the multiplicity of renamed place as semiotic resignification thus turning a geoconcept into an intertext.
Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Anaemia among School Going Adolescent Girls of Rural Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Varsha Chaudhary  , Malvika Rao  , Rajendra Chaudhary  , Rajat Jain  , Ankit Chapran  , Prashant Kumar  , Sartaj Ahmad
Published: February 2022

Back ground: Adolescent is a period of peak growth for boys and girls. Food and nutrition needsproportionately higher during the growth spurt2. In country like India with varying social customs andcommon beliefs against female, there is high prevalence of malnutrition among girls. If anaemic adolescentgirl became pregnant, it may increase both mortality and morbidity rate in both mother and infant i.e maternalmortality rate and infant mortality rate. Material & Methods: The present quasi-experimental study wasconducted among school going adolescent girls of class 9th , 10th, 11th and 12th of Gurukul inter college,Panchali. Data was collected on predesigned semi structured questionnaire which included details of sociodemographic variables like age, parent’s education and other details about knowledge regarding anaemia, itscauses and sources of iron.One week after the presentation again the knowledge of students was assessed onthe same set of questionnaire. Result: 31% were of 15 yrs, 30% were of 16 yrs. Knowledge about anaemiabefore presentation was present in 76% students while it was 96% after presentation. 20% knows about thesources of iron. 60% of the study subject were aware of programme related to anaemia Conclusion: Despitethe various measures taken by government of India to control anaemia in various groups the severity ofnutritional anaemia continues to remain a public health issue of great magnitude.
PECULIARITIES OF COMMUNICATIVE EXERCISES IN TEACHING CLUSTER APPROACH-BASED ENGLISH IN THE FIELD OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF ACADEMIC LYCEUMS
Authors:   Researcher of Gulistan state university, Uzbekistan, Adilova Charos A.
Published: February 2022

The article provides a brief overview of the newly developing cluster approach in teaching foreign languages and gives methodological instructions on preparing different types of exercises to improve students’ professional communicative abilities in foreign languages using authentic materials.
IMPROVING MENTAL SKILLS OF STUDENTS BY ANALYZING AND SOLVING PROBLEMS
Authors:   Lecturer of the Department of Primary Education, Fergana State University, Uzbekistan, Gafurova Mahfuza Abbosovna
Published: February 2022

A teacher makes a logical observation of the problem based on his/her knowledge and experiences. Through reflecting the way of solving the problem, he/she makes a plan how to deal with the problem based on the feedback from the students and the results of the specific actions performed in the activities. Such research activities of students can give the expected results if they become a need to stimulate their cognitive activity. Therefore, solving different types of problems, changing the form of problems on the conditions and applying thinking operations serve as a means of shaping the interest of students in learning. The article describes the essence of the interest in learning, the specifics of the main stages of its development, shows that the teaching of mathematics is related to the learning objectives, describes ways and means of developing an interest in learning.
Book review: Evolution of Palaeoecology and Palaeoenvironments of Permian and Triassic Fluvial Basins in Europe by Detlev Mader
Authors: Clemmensen Lars B. , Hansen Carina F.
Published: February 2022

Review of Evolution of Palaeoecology and Palaeoenvironment of Pennian and Triassic Fluvial Basins in Europe. Detlef Mader. Gustaf Fischer Verlag. Stuttgart. New York, 1992, 2 volumes, 1340 pp., price (hardcover) 350 DM. ISBN 3-437-30683-9.