bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Human Rights and Ethics Crisis Facing the World’s Largest	Organization of Psychologists
Authors: Pope Kenneth S.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. A crisis of human rights and ethics has engulfed the American Psychological Association (APA). The APA acknowledged “this stain on our collective integrity.” What caused this continuing crisis? How did the APA become so ethically lost that the president-elect announced the need to reset their moral compass? This article documents decisions and policies that address those questions. It reviews factors that weaken our defense of human rights and ethics, such as confusing the map with the territory, legal duties with ethical duties, guild ethics with professional ethics, and effective methods with ethical methods. It considers cultural, racial, and religious aspects of the crisis. It examines the dangers of euphemism and ambiguity and maps the failure of prohibitions, policies, and public pronouncements. It traces organizational tendencies to point fingers elsewhere, outsource ethics, and roll back reforms. It highlights our responsibility to search actively for opposing views and disconfirming information to help us overcome confirmation bias, GroupThink, WYSIATI (What You See Is All There Is) bias, optimistic bias, and false consensus. It discusses the APA’s crisis in the context of the rollback of human rights in most countries and the US’s growing public support for torture. It notes current controversies, including reform rollbacks, subordinating ethics to the power of the state, and three lawsuits alleging false and defamatory statements made with malice. The article suggests six principles to help bring APA’s continuing crisis to an end and prevent future crises.
Time‐Dependent Pore Filling
Authors: Sun Zhonghao , Jang Junbong , Santamarina J. Carlos
Published: November 2018

Capillarity traps fluids in porous media during immiscible fluid displacement. Most field situations involve relatively long time scales, such as hydrocarbon migration into reservoirs, resource recovery, nonaqueous phase liquid remediation, geological CO2 storage, and sediment‐atmosphere interactions. Yet laboratory studies and numerical simulations of capillary phenomena rarely consider the impact of time on these processes. We use time‐lapse microphotography to record the evolution of saturation in air‐ or hydrocarbon‐filled capillary tubes submerged in water to investigate long‐term pore filling phenomena beyond imbibition. Microphotographic sequences capture a lively pore filling history where various concurrent physical phenomena coexist. Dissolution and diffusion play a central role. Observations indicate preferential transport of the wetting liquid along corners, vapor condensation, capillary flow induced by asymmetrical interfaces, and interface pinning that defines the diffusion length. Other processes include internal snap‐offs, fluid redistribution, and changes in wettability as fluids dissolve into each other. Overall, the rate of pore filling is diffusion‐controlled for a given interfacial configuration; diffusive transport takes place at a constant rate for pinned interfaces and is proportional to the square root of time for free interfaces where the diffusion length increases with time.
GeoFlood: Large‐Scale Flood Inundation Mapping Based on High‐Resolution Terrain Analysis
Authors: Zheng Xing , Maidment David R. , Tarboton David G. , Liu Yan Y. , Passalacqua Paola
Published: November 2018

Recent floods from intense storms in the southern United States and the unusually active 2017 Atlantic hurricane season have highlighted the need for real‐time flood inundation mapping using high‐resolution topography. High‐resolution topographic data derived from lidar technology reveal unprecedented topographic details and are increasingly available, providing extremely valuable information for improving inundation mapping accuracy. The enrichment of terrain details from these data sets, however, also brings challenges to the application of many classic approaches designed for lower‐resolution data. Advanced methods need to be developed to better use lidar‐derived terrain data for inundation mapping. We present a new workflow, GeoFlood, for flood inundation mapping using high‐resolution terrain inputs that is simple and computationally efficient, thus serving the needs of emergency responders to rapidly identify possibly flooded locations. First, GeoNet, a method for automatic channel network extraction from high‐resolution topographic data, is modified to produce a low‐density, high‐fidelity river network. Then, a Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) raster is computed to quantify the elevation difference between each land surface cell and the stream bed cell to which it drains, using the network extracted from high‐resolution terrain data. This HAND raster is then used to compute reach‐average channel hydraulic parameters and synthetic stage‐discharge rating curves. Inundation maps are generated from the HAND raster by obtaining a water depth for a given flood discharge from the synthetic rating curve. We evaluate our approach by applying it in the Onion Creek Watershed in Central Texas, comparing the inundation extent results to Federal Emergency Management Agency 100‐yr floodplains obtained with detailed local hydraulic studies. We show that the inundation extent produced by GeoFlood overlaps with 60%~90% of the Federal Emergency Management Agency floodplain coverage demonstrating that it is able to capture the general inundation patterns and shows significant potential for informing real‐time flood disaster preparedness and response.
Long non-coding RNA H19 confers 5-Fu resistance in colorectal cancer by promoting SIRT1-mediated autophagy
Authors: Wang Meng , Han Dong , Yuan Ziming , Hu Hanqing , Zhao Zhixun , Yang Runkun , Jin Yinghu , Zou Chaoxia , Chen Yinggang , Wang Guiyu , Gao Xu , Wang Xishan
Published: November 2018

Chemotherapy failure is the major cause of recurrence and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The role of the differentially expressed lncRNAs in 5-Fluorouracil chemoresistance has not fully explained. Here, we observed lncRNA H19 was associated with the 5-Fu resistance in CRC. Quantitative analysis indicated that H19 was significantly increased in recurrent CRC patient samples. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that high H19 expression in CRC tissues was significantly associated with poor recurrent free survival. Our functional studies demonstrated that H19 promoted colorectal cells 5-Fu resistance. Mechanistically, H19 triggered autophagy via SIRT1 to induce cancer chemoresistance. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-194–5p could directly bind to H19, suggesting H19 might work as a ceRNA to sponge miR-194–5p, which was confirmed by Dual-luciferase reporter assay and Immunoprecipitation assay. Extensively, our study also showed that SIRT1 is the novel direct target of miR-194–5p in CRC cells. Taken together, our study suggests that H19 mediates 5-Fu resistance in CRC via SIRT1 mediated autophagy. Our finding provides a novel mechanistic role of H19 in CRC chemoresistance, suggesting that H19 may function as a marker for prediction of chemotherapeutic response to 5-Fu.
Placental mitochondrial adaptations in preeclampsia associated with progression to term delivery
Authors: Holland Olivia J. , Cuffe James S. M. , Dekker Nitert Marloes , Callaway Leonie , Kwan Cheung Keith A. , Radenkovic Filip , Perkins Anthony V.
Published: November 2018

Preeclampsia is a devastating pregnancy disorder. Severity varies widely, and while severe preeclampsia often requires pre-term delivery, women with mild preeclampsia may reach term with minor interventions. The mechanisms that mediate disease severity are poorly understood, but may include adaptive processes by the placenta. We aimed to establish whether in pregnancies that reached term and those that delivered pre-term, the placental response to preeclampsia was intrinsically different, and explore potential adaptive mechanisms. Hydrogen peroxide production and antioxidant activity were increased in term preeclamptic placentae, whereas pre-term preeclamptic placentae had reduced hydrogen peroxide production and reduced function of the antioxidant system superoxide dismutase compared to control placentae. Markers of mitochondrial fission/fusion, apoptosis and the expression level of mitochondrial complexes were differentially disrupted in term compared to pre-term preeclamptic placentae. Mitochondrial respiration and content were increased in term preeclamptic placentae, but mitochondria had a lower respiratory reserve capacity. Mitochondrial respiration and hydrogen peroxide production were increased in healthy term placentae after in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation. Placentae from preeclamptic pregnancies that reached term showed multiple adaptions that were not present in pre-term preeclamptic placentae. Increased antioxidant activity, and expression of markers of mitochondrial fusion and apoptotic suppression, may relate to salvaging damaged mitochondria. Increased mitochondrial respiration may allow ongoing tissue function even with reduced respiratory efficiency in term preeclamptic pregnancies. Response after in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation suggests that disruption of oxygen supply is key to placental mitochondrial adaptations. Reactive oxygen species signalling in term preeclamptic placentae may be at a level to trigger compensatory antioxidant and mitochondrial responses, allowing tissue level maintenance of function when there is organelle level dysfunction.
Orchestration of protein acetylation as a toggle for cellular defense and virus replication
Authors: Murray L. A. , Sheng X. , Cristea I. M.
Published: November 2018

Emerging evidence highlights protein acetylation, a prevalent lysine posttranslational modification, as a regulatory mechanism and promising therapeutic target in human viral infections. However, how infections dynamically alter global cellular acetylation or whether viral proteins are acetylated remains virtually unexplored. Here, we establish acetylation as a highly-regulated molecular toggle of protein function integral to the herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication. We offer temporal resolution of cellular and viral acetylations. By interrogating dynamic protein acetylation with both protein abundance and subcellular localization, we discover finely tuned spatial acetylations across infection time. We determine that lamin acetylation at the nuclear periphery protects against virus production by inhibiting capsid nuclear egress. Further studies within infectious viral particles identify numerous acetylations, including on the viral transcriptional activator pUL26, which we show represses virus production. Altogether, this study provides specific insights into functions of cellular and viral protein acetylations and a valuable resource of dynamic acetylation events.
Mediated nuclear import and export of TAZ and the underlying molecular requirements
Authors: Kofler Michael , Speight Pam , Little Darby , Di Ciano-Oliveira Caterina , Szászi Katalin , Kapus András
Published: November 2018

Nucleocytoplasmic distribution of Yap/TAZ is regulated by the Hippo pathway and the cytoskeleton. While interactions with cytosolic and nuclear “retention factors” (14–3–3 and TEAD) are known to control their localization, fundamental aspects of Yap/TAZ shuttling remain undefined. It is unclear if translocation occurs only by passive diffusion or via mediated transport, and neither the potential nuclear localization and efflux signals (NLS, NES) nor their putative regulation have been identified. Here we show that TAZ cycling is a mediated process and identify the underlying NLS and NES. The C-terminal NLS, representing a new class of import motifs, is necessary and sufficient for efficient nuclear uptake via a RAN-independent mechanism. RhoA activity directly stimulates this import. The NES lies within the TEAD-binding domain and can be masked by TEAD, thereby preventing efflux. Thus, we describe a RhoA-regulated NLS, a TEAD-regulated NES and propose an improved model of nucleocytoplasmic TAZ shuttling beyond "retention".
A machine learning approach to model solute grain boundary segregation
Authors: Huber Liam , Hadian Raheleh , Grabowski Blazej , Neugebauer Jörg
Published: November 2018

Even minute amounts of one solute atom per one million bulk atoms may give rise to qualitative changes in the mechanical response and fracture resistance of modern structural materials. These changes are commonly related to enrichment by several orders of magnitude of the solutes at structural defects in the host lattice. The underlying concept—segregation—is thus fundamental in materials science. To include it in modern strategies of materials design, accurate and realistic computational modelling tools are necessary. However, the enormous number of defect configurations as well as sites solutes can occupy requires models which rely on severe approximations. In the present study we combine a high-throughput study containing more than 1 million data points with machine learning to derive a computationally highly efficient framework which opens the opportunity to model this important mechanism on a routine basis.
New insights into structural features and optimal detection of circulating tumor DNA determined by single-strand DNA analysis
Authors: Sanchez Cynthia , Snyder Matthew W. , Tanos Rita , Shendure Jay , Thierry Alain R.
Published: November 2018

Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has received increasing interest as an apparent breakthrough approach in diagnostics, personalized medicine, and tumor biology. However, the structural features of cfDNA are poorly characterized. Specifically, the literature has discrepancies with regards to cfDNA size profile. We performed a blinded study of the distribution of cfDNA fragment sizes in cancer patient plasma (n = 11), by various ultra-deep-sequencing approaches and quantitative PCR (Q-PCR). Whole-genome sequencing of single-stranded DNA library preparation (SSP-S) revealed that nearly half of the total cfDNA fragment number are below 120 nucleotides, which are not readily detectable by standard double-stranded DNA library preparation (DSP) protocols. Fractional size distribution of cancer patient circulating DNA was very similar using both SSP-S-based or Q-PCR-based methods also revealing that high molecular weight (over 350 bp) cfDNA is a minor component (~2%). These extra small detected cfDNA fragments may mostly result from nicks occurring in blood circulation in one or both DNA strands, which are subsequently revealed through the denaturation step of the SSP and Q-PCR procedures. Detailed analysis of the data suggested that most of the detectable cfDNA in blood has a nucleosome footprint (∼10-bp periodicity repeats). The nucleosome is thus the most stabilizing structure of DNA in the circulation. cfDNA molecules, which are initially packed in chromatin, are released from cells and are then dynamically degraded in blood both within and between nucleosomes or transcription factor-associated subcomplexes. While this study provides new insights into cfDNA size profiles harmonizing sequencing and Q-PCR findings, our data validate the use of a specific Q-PCR method and SSP-S for obtaining an optimal qualitative and quantitative analytical signal.
Transcriptional profiling of the mutualistic bacterium Vibrio fischeri and an hfq mutant under modeled microgravity
Authors: Duscher Alexandrea A. , Conesa Ana , Bishop Mary , Vroom Madeline M. , Zubizarreta Sergio D. , Foster Jamie S.
Published: November 2018

For long-duration space missions, it is critical to maintain health-associated homeostasis between astronauts and their microbiome. To achieve this goal it is important to more fully understand the host–symbiont relationship under the physiological stress conditions of spaceflight. To address this issue we examined the impact of a spaceflight analog, low-shear-modeled microgravity (LSMMG), on the transcriptome of the mutualistic bacteriumVibrio fischeri. Cultures ofV. fischeriand a mutant defective in the global regulator Hfq (∆hfq) were exposed to either LSMMG or gravity conditions for 12 h (exponential growth) and 24 h (stationary phase growth). Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed few to no significant differentially expressed genes between gravity and the LSMMG conditions in the wild type or mutantV. fischeriat exponential or stationary phase. There was, however, a pronounced change in transcriptomic profiles during the transition between exponential and stationary phase growth in bothV. fischericultures including an overall decrease in gene expression associated with translational activity and an increase in stress response. There were also several upregulated stress genes specific to the LSMMG condition during the transition to stationary phase growth. The ∆hfqmutants exhibited a distinctive transcriptome profile with a significant increase in transcripts associated with flagellar synthesis and transcriptional regulators under LSMMG conditions compared to gravity controls. These results indicate the loss of Hfq significantly influences gene expression under LSMMG conditions in a bacterial symbiont. Together, these results improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which microgravity alters the physiology of beneficial host-associated microbes.
Dorsal-zone-specific reduction of sensory neuron density in the olfactory epithelium following long-term exercise or caloric restriction
Authors: Tuerdi Ayinuer , Kikuta Shu , Kinoshita Makoto , Kamogashira Teru , Kondo Kenji , Iwasaki Shinichi , Yamasoba Tatsuya
Published: November 2018

Exercise (Ex) and caloric restriction (CR) reduce oxidative stress and improve organ function. For instance, voluntary Ex or CR is known to reduce age-related cochlear damage in male C57BL/6J mice. However, the effect of Ex and CR on the olfactory system is unknown. In this study, we confirmed the positive effect of Ex and CR on age-related cochlear damage, but found that Ex and CR affected negatively cell dynamics in the olfactory epithelium (OE) by reducing the number of mature olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and increasing the number of proliferative basal cells and apoptotic OSNs in the dorsal zone of the olfactory epithelium (OE), which contains neurons expressing NADPH quinone oxido-reductase 1 (NQO1). In addition, these interventions resulted in lower odor-induced c-fos expression in areas of the olfactory bulb receiving projections from dorsal-zone OSNs than in areas receiving ventral-zone projections. Further, we observed substantial oxidative stress in NQO1-positive cells and apoptotic OSNs in the dorsal zone in Ex and CR animals. These results suggest that, in contrast to their positive effects in other organs, Ex and CR facilitate oxidative stress and negatively impact structure and function in dorsal-zone OSNs, probably in association with NQO1 bioactivation.
Concurrent live imaging of DNA double-strand break repair and cell-cycle progression by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in of a tricistronic vector
Authors: Otsuka Kensuke , Tomita Masanori
Published: November 2018

Cell-cycle progression can be arrested by ionizing radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Although DSBs are patched by DSB repair systems, which comprise proteins such as p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1), the relationship between DSB repair progression and cell-cycle status in living cells is unclear. The probe FUCCI (fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell-cycle indicator) was previously developed for visualizing cell-cycle status. Here, we established novel live-imaging probes based on custom-designed plasmids designated “Focicles” harboring a tricistronic compartment encoding distinct fluorescent proteins ligated to the murine 53BP1 foci-forming region (FFR) and two cell-cycle indicators that are known components of FUCCI (hCdt1 and hGmnn). We used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing to obtain Focicle knock-in cell lines in NIH3T3 cells, which were subject to X-ray irradiation that induced comparable numbers of Focicle and endogenous-53BP1 foci. In addition, the Focicle probes enabled the kinetic analysis of both DSB repair and cell-cycle arrest/progression after irradiation, demonstrating that the Focicle knock-in cells progressed to cell division after DNA damage elimination. These newly developed probes can help to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of DSB repair and cell-cycle control to in turn guide cancer treatment development and cancer-risk assessments.
Investigating the Neurological Correlates of Workplace Deviance Using a Rodent Model of Extinction
Authors: Tabor J. , Griep Y. , Collins R. , Mychasiuk R.
Published: November 2018

Employee deviance and time theft is an expensive and pervasive workplace problem. Research indicates that a primary reason employees engage in deviant behaviour is the perception of injustice often associated with psychological contract breach (i.e., broken promises). This study used a rodent model to mimic said experience of broken promises and then examined the subsequent neurophysiological changes that lead to the display of deviant behaviours. Specifically, we generated a psychological contract using a 3 choice serial reaction task, then broke the promise, and finally examined deviant behaviours and neurological correlates. After the broken promise, rats had elevated levels of corticosterone and testosterone, engaged in riskier behaviour, and were more aggressive. The most prominent changes in gene expression were associated with serotonin and stress, and were found in the nucleus accumbens. This study highlights the value of pre-clinical models in the investigation of the theoretical tenants of industrial and organizational psychology.
The utility of urinary CD80 as a diagnostic marker in patients with renal diseases
Authors: Minamikawa Shogo , Nozu Kandai , Maeta Shingo , Yamamura Tomohiko , Nakanishi Keita , Fujimura Junya , Horinouchi Tomoko , Nagano China , Sakakibara Nana , Nagase Hiroaki , Shima Hideaki , Noda Kenta , Ninchoji Takeshi , Kaito Hiroshi , Iijima Kazumoto
Published: November 2018

CD80, which regulates T cell activation, may provide a differential diagnostic marker between minimal change disease (MCD) and other renal diseases, including focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS). However, recent reports show contrasting results. Therefore, we evaluated the utility of urinary CD80 as a diagnostic biomarker. We collected 65 urine samples from 55 patients with MCD (n = 31), FSGS (n = 4), inherited nephrotic syndrome (n = 4), Alport syndrome (n = 5) and other glomerular diseases (n = 11), and control samples (n = 30). We measured urinary CD80 levels by ELISA. Urinary CD80 (ng/gCr) (median, interquartile range) levels were significantly higher in patients with MCD in relapse (91.5, 31.1–356.0), FSGS (376.2, 62.7–1916.0), and inherited nephrotic syndrome (220.1, 62.9–865.3), than in patients with MCD in remission (29.5, 21.7–52.8) (p < 0.05). Elevation of urinary CD80 was observed, even in patients with inherited nephrotic syndrome unrelated to T cell activation. Additionally, urinary CD80 was positively correlated with urinary protein levels. Our results suggest that urinary CD80 is unreliable as a differential diagnostic marker between MCD in relapse and FSGS or inherited kidney diseases. Increased urinary CD80 excretion was present in all patients with active kidney disease.
Author Correction: An Autogenously Regulated Expression System for Gene Therapeutic Ocular Applications
Authors: Sochor Matthew A. , Vasireddy Vidyullatha , Drivas Theodore G. , Wojno Adam , Duong Thu T. , Shpylchak Ivan , Bennicelli Jeannette , Chung Daniel , Bennett Jean , Lewis Mitchell
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Plasticisers and Their Impact on Wildlife
Authors: Tyler Charles R. , Parsons Aoife , Rogers Nicola J. , Lange Anke , Brown A. Ross
Published: November 2018

In this chapter we discuss the current understanding on chemical exposures and effects in wildlife for phthalates, the most widely used plasticisers, and two other major components of plastics, bisphenol A (BPA) – a plastic monomer and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) – incorporated as flame retardants. Ecotoxicity studies have shown that phthalates (and BPA) are generally not acutely toxic to wildlife at environmentally relevant exposures (in the low µg l−1 range), but chronic effects, including disruption of hormone systems and reproduction, have been reported in almost all animal groups studied. Although phthalates (and BPA) do not readily bioaccumulate and undergo rapid biodegradation, their continual release into the environment makes them pseudo-persistent. In contrast with phthalates and BPA, PBDEs are highly bioaccummulative, and developmental exposures to some PBDEs cause liver and kidney toxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption for environmentally relevant exposures in various wildlife phyla. Many of the effects of PBDEs in vertebrates occur due to disruptions to the thyroid hormone system. Concern relating to both human and wildlife exposure and (eco)toxicological effects has recently led to various regulations restricting the use of certain phthalates, bisphenols and PBDEs in plastics.
Plastics Recycling
Authors: Kosior Edward , Mitchell Jonathan , Crescenzi Irene
Published: November 2018

Plastics are being manufactured globally at a rate exceeding 335 million tonnes annually and 8.3 billion tonnes have been made since the 1960's, with 4.9 billion tonnes accumulating in landfills or in the natural environment. The leakage of mismanaged plastics into rivers and oceans is now globally obvious and impacting the lives of birds and sea life. The recycling rate of manufactured plastics is only 9% and there is pressure to reduce the level of wastage and to dramatically increase the level of recycled plastics in short and long term products. This will involve stringent and tightly controlled recycling processes so that the recycled plastics can displace virgin plastics, especially in short lived applications such as food packaging. This article reviews the technologies and criteria that can be used to achieve food grade quality recycled plastics and novel ways of overcoming long standing gaps in recycling related to black plastics and identifying prior food grade usage. The boost in recycling efficiency through the use of these technologies will not only address the plastics wastage problem by creating a circular demand via higher recycled content, but also make plastics recycling technically more efficient and profitable thereby ensuring wide and long term adoption of recycling practices.
The surrounding tissue contributes to smooth muscle cells’ regeneration and vascularization of small diameter vascular grafts
Authors: Liu Jing , Qin Yibo , Wu Yifan , Sun Zhiting , Li Binhan , Jing Huimin , Zhang Chuangnian , Li Chen , Leng Xigang , Wang Zhihong , Kong Deling
Published: November 2018

The surrounding tissue contributes to smooth muscle cells’ regeneration and vascularization in the vascular regeneration process.
Native mass spectrometry goes more native: investigation of membrane protein complexes directly from SMALPs
Authors: Hellwig Nils , Peetz Oliver , Ahdash Zainab , Tascón Igor , Booth Paula J. , Mikusevic Vedrana , Diskowski Marina , Politis Argyris , Hellmich Yvonne , Hänelt Inga , Reading Eamonn , Morgner Nina
Published: November 2018

Other than more widely used methods, the use of styrene maleic acid copolymers allows the direct extraction of membrane proteins from the lipid bilayer into SMALPs keeping it in its native lipid surrounding.
Luminescent materials of lanthanoid complexes hosted in zeolites
Authors: Li Huanrong , Li Peng
Published: November 2018

Our emphasis is on understanding the influence of microenvironments of the void spaces on the luminescence performances of the encapsulated lanthanide complexes.
Diastereoselective solid-state crossed photocycloaddition of olefins in a 3D Zn(ii) coordination polymer
Authors: Volodin Alexander D. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Zorina-Tikhonova Ekaterina N. , Chistyakov Aleksandr S. , Sidorov Aleksei A. , Eremenko Igor L. , Vologzhanina Anna V.
Published: November 2018

1,2-Bis(pyrid-4-yl)ethylene (red) and 2-allylmalonate (blue) undergo a photoinitiated [2+2] crossed cycloaddition reaction in a 3D coordination polymer, accompanied with significant atomic movement and crystal decomposition.
Selectively light-up hydrogen peroxide in hypoxic cancer cells with a novel fluorescent probe
Authors: Wang Jianguo , Zhu Wenping , Niu Guangle , Jiang Guoyu , Chen Qingqing , Gao Pei , Li Yongdong , Zhang Guanxin , Fan Xiaolin , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2018

A novel fluorescent turn-on probe (HCyHP) was developed for monitoring of exogenous and endogenous H2O2levels in biological samples and hypoxic cancer diagnosis.
Displacement chemistry-based nanopore analysis of nucleic acids in complicated matrices
Authors: Wang Liang , Chen Xiaohan , Zhou Shuo , Roozbahani Golbarg M. , Zhang Youwen , Wang Deqiang , Guan Xiyun
Published: November 2018

The matrix effect on nanopore stochastic sensing of nucleic acids could be overcome by taking advantage of displacement chemical reaction.
Ligand-mediated reversal of the oxidation state dependent ROS scavenging and enzyme mimicking activity of ceria nanoparticles
Authors: Patel Vaishwik , Singh Mandeep , Mayes Edwin L. H. , Martinez Abraham , Shutthanandan Vaithiyalingam , Bansal Vipul , Singh Sanjay , Karakoti Ajay S.
Published: November 2018

Enzymatic activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles modified by phosphine ligands.
Metal–organic framework as an efficient filter for the removal of heavy metal cations in water
Authors: Gu Zonglin , Song Wei , Yang Zaixing , Zhou Ruhong
Published: November 2018

Efficient removal of heavy metal cations by a zirconium phosphonate based metal–organic framework (MOF) filter.
Reactive messengers for digital molecular communication with variable transmitter–receiver distance
Authors: Tuccitto Nunzio , Li-Destri Giovanni , Messina Grazia Maria Lucia , Marletta Giovanni
Published: November 2018

The chemical reactivity of a molecular messenger has been employed to achieve effective information transfer in molecular communication with variable transmitter–receiver distances.
Insights into the reaction mechanism of n-hexane dehydroaromatization to benzene over gallium embedded HZSM-5: effect of H2 incorporated on active sites
Authors: Thivasasith Anawat , Maihom Thana , Pengpanich Sitthiphong , Limtrakul Jumras , Wattanakit Chularat
Published: November 2018

This work clearly confirms the existence of dihydrido gallium complex (GaH2+) as one of the most active species for the n-hexane dehydroaromatization into benzene.
Transformations of ferrates(iv,v,vi) in liquids: Mössbauer spectroscopy of frozen solutions
Authors: Novak Petr , Kolar Michal , Machala Libor , Siskova Karolina M. , Karlicky Frantisek , Petr Martin , Zboril Radek
Published: November 2018

Two-step charge disproportionation mechanism of 3Fe(iv) to 2Fe(iii) and Fe(vi) via Fe(v) in ethanol.
Local crystal structure and mechanical properties of sputtered Ti-doped AlN thin films
Authors: Panda Padmalochan , Krishna Nanda Gopala , Rajput Parasmani , Ramaseshan R.
Published: November 2018

In this article, we predominantly report the investigation of the local crystal structure around a Ti dopant by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and the nano-mechanical properties of co-sputtered Al1−xTixN (x = 0 to 4%) thin films.
Accuracy of methods for reporting inorganic element concentrations and radioactivity in oil and gas wastewaters from the Appalachian Basin, U.S. based on an inter-laboratory comparison
Authors: Tasker T. L. , Burgos W. D. , Ajemigbitse M. A. , Lauer N. E. , Gusa A. V. , Kuatbek M. , May D. , Landis J. D. , Alessi D. S. , Johnsen A. M. , Kaste J. M. , Headrick K. L. , Wilke F. D. H. , McNeal M. , Engle M. , Jubb A. M. , Vidic R. D. , Vengosh A. , Warner N. R.
Published: November 2018

Results from this inter-laboratory comparison indicate that O&G waste analyses can be inaccurate and imprecise.
On-chip oocyte denudation from cumulus–oocyte complexes for assisted reproductive therapy
Authors: Weng Lindong , Lee Gloria Y. , Liu Jie , Kapur Ravi , Toth Thomas L. , Toner Mehmet
Published: November 2018

A microfluidic device to denude oocytes from the cumulus–corona cell mass, facilitating the injection of sperm for assisted reproduction therapy.
Synthesis, crystal structures, photoluminescence, magnetic and antioxidant properties, and theoretical analysis of Zn(ii) and Cu(ii) complexes of an aminoalcohol ligand supported by benzoate counter anions
Authors: I. Mantasha , Shahid M. , Ahmad Musheer , Rahisuddin Rahisuddin , Arif Rizwan , Tasneem Sana , Sama Farasha , Ansari Istikhar A.
Published: November 2018

Two photoluminescent Zn(ii) and Cu(ii) complexes are designed, characterized and assessed for DNA binding and antioxidant properties.
Avidin-adsorbed peptide–calcium phosphate composites exhibiting high biotin-binding activity
Authors: Kojima Suzuka , Nagata Fukue , Inagaki Masahiko , Kugimiya Shinichi , Kato Katsuya
Published: November 2018

The synthesized peptide–HAp exhibits a high adsorption capacity for avidin and a good binding ability for biotin molecules.
Base mediated green synthesis of enantiopure 2-C-spiro-glycosyl-3-nitrochromenes
Authors: Nayak Sabita , Panda Pravati , Raiguru Bishnu Prasad , Mohapatra Seetaram , Purohit Chandra Shekhar
Published: November 2018

A novel green synthetic methodology has been developed to obtain enantiopure (2S)-2-C-spiro-glycosyl-3-nitrochromenes following the oxa-Michael–aldol condensation reaction of sugar derived 3-C-vinyl nitro olefins with substituted salicylaldehydes using Et3N as a base under neat conditions at rt–40 °C.
Construction of spirothioureas having an amino quaternary stereogenic center via a [3 + 2] annulation of 3-isothiocyanato oxindoles with 2-aminoacrylates
Authors: Gui Hou-Ze , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: November 2018

A [3 + 2] annulation of 3-isothiocyanato oxindoles with 2-aminoacrylates was disclosed, affording the corresponding spirocyclic oxindoles containing a spirothiourea structure and an amino quaternary stereogenic center in good to excellent yields.
Identification of a common recognition center for a photoactive non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug in serum albumins of different species
Authors: Molins-Molina Oscar , Lence Emilio , Limones-Herrero Daniel , González-Bello Concepción , Miranda Miguel A. , Jiménez M. Consuelo
Published: November 2018

Photoreactivity, proteomic and molecular dynamic simulation studies demonstrate the existence of a common recognition center for carprofen in serum albumins of different species, in the interface between subdomains IB and IIIA.
Sulfate radical oxidation combined with iron flocculation for upgrading biological effluent of coking wastewater
Authors: Zhang Zhichun , Yue Xiuping , Duan Yanqing , Zhang Xiao , Gao Yanjuan , Zhu Rao , Cui Xia
Published: November 2018

Sulfate radical oxidation combined iron flocculation towards up-grading of biological effluent of coking wastewater.
Close-packed polybutylcarbosilane dendrimers of higher generations
Authors: Bakirov Artem V. , Tatarinova Elena A. , Milenin Sergei A. , Shcherbina Maxim A. , Muzafarov Aziz M. , Chvalun Sergey N.
Published: November 2018

Present work brings the novel understanding of molecular ordering in carbosilane dendrimers of different generation number with alkyl terminal groups.
An inverted planar solar cell with 13% efficiency and a sensitive visible light detector based on orientation regulated 2D perovskites
Authors: Lian Xiaomei , Chen Jiehuan , Fu Ruilin , Lau Tsz-Ki , Zhang Yingzhu , Wu Gang , Lu Xinhui , Fang Yanjun , Yang Deren , Chen Hongzheng
Published: November 2018

A merged annealing process based high quality 2D perovskite film and the corresponding PVSC with a PCE beyond 13%.
Emergence of high piezoelectricity along with robust electron mobility in Janus structures in semiconducting Group IVB dichalcogenide monolayers
Authors: Dimple Dimple , Jena Nityasagar , Rawat Ashima , Ahammed Raihan , Mohanta Manish Kumar , De Sarkar Abir
Published: November 2018

Pristine, semiconducting 1T-MX2(M = Zr, Hf; X = S, Se, Te) monolayers are intrinsically centrosymmetric and non-piezoelectric. This inversion symmetry is broken in their Janus monolayer (non-centrosymmetric) structures, leading to a high degree of piezoelectricity.
A functional separator coated with sulfonated metal–organic framework/Nafion hybrids for Li–S batteries
Authors: Kim Seon Hwa , Yeon Jeong Seok , Kim Raekyung , Choi Kyung Min , Park Ho Seok
Published: November 2018

A functional separator is designed to improve the utilization of sulfur and to inhibit polysulfide shuttling for high performance lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries.
Theoretical study on cation codoped SrTiO3 photocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Fadlallah M. M. , Shibl M. F. , Vlugt T. J. H. , Schwingenschlögl U.
Published: November 2018

We identify efficient cation codoping schemes for SrTiO3 that guarantee charge compensation to avoid creation of localized states.
An argyrodite sulfide-based superionic conductor synthesized by a liquid-phase technique with tetrahydrofuran and ethanol
Authors: Yubuchi So , Uematsu Miwa , Hotehama Chie , Sakuda Atsushi , Hayashi Akitoshi , Tatsumisago Masahiro
Published: November 2018

An argyrodite Li6PS5Br electrolyte is synthesized using tetrahydrofuran and ethanol solvents and shows the highest conductivity of 3.1 mS cm−1.
Flexible and wearable strain sensors based on tough and self-adhesive ion conducting hydrogels
Authors: Wang Zhenwu , Chen Jing , Wang Liufang , Gao Guorong , Zhou Yang , Wang Rong , Xu Ting , Yin Jingbo , Fu Jun
Published: November 2018

Tough and self-adhesive zwitterionic hydrogels with ionic conductivity have been prepared, showing high and linear strain sensitivity for detecting human motions.
An ultrahigh discharged energy density achieved in an inhomogeneous PVDF dielectric composite filled with 2D MXene nanosheets via interface engineering
Authors: Feng Yefeng , Deng Qihuang , Peng Cheng , Hu Jianbing , Li Yandong , Wu Qin , Xu Zhichao
Published: November 2018

Simultaneously improved permittivity and breakdown strength, accompanied with reduced dielectric loss and conductivity, are difficult to achieve in polymer nanocomposites with conductive fillers by blending to construct a homogeneous structure.
Stories From the Webcams: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Audiology Telehealth and Pediatric Auditory Device Services
Authors: Steuerwald Wendy , Windmill Ian , Scott Michael , Evans Thomas , Kramer Kathleen
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the regulatory, technological, and training considerations for audiologists investigating telehealth and to offer some examples of audiology services provided through telehealth.

Method

The authors presented the regulatory components, the technology required for audiology staff and patients, and staff training for the audiology telehealth program at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Four case studies highlighting the successful use of telehealth in providing auditory device services to patients were also presented.

Results and Conclusion

The described regulatory, technological, and training hierarchy provides a framework for audiologists interested in starting a telehealth program. The cases presented illustrate that telehealth can be used to provide some auditory device services, such as troubleshooting, mapping, and parent consulting.
Findings and Ethical Considerations From a Thematic Analysis of Threads Within Tinnitus Online Support Groups
Authors: Ainscough Eve , Smith Sandra N. , Greenwell Kate , Hoare Derek J.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Tinnitus is the perception of noise without a corresponding external stimulus. Current management typically aims to moderate associated psychosocial stressors and allow sufferers to retain an adequate quality of life. With the increasing recognition of the Internet as a repository for health advice, information, and support, the online support group has become a popular coping strategy for those living with chronic conditions such as tinnitus. Patients find that communicating with each other, providing encouragement, and sharing information in the absence of physical and temporal boundaries are invaluable ways of managing their condition. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential positive and negative consequences of participating in online support groups for tinnitus.

Method

Discussion forum threads were collated from across 4 public online support group websites. All threads were initiated between February and April 2016. Texts from these threads were coded by 3 separate analysts using both inductive and deductive thematic analysis, until data saturation was reached.

Results

Analysis of 75 threads (641 individual posts) found 9 independent themes pertaining to aspects of participation in tinnitus online support groups. The results revealed that using the forums allowed users to exchange knowledge and experiences, express complex emotions, profit from a network of support, and engage in everyday conversation away from the burden of their tinnitus. However, some experiences appeared to be compromised by negative messages, limited communication, and informational issues such as conflicting advice or information overload.

Conclusions

This study represents the 1st research into discussion forums in tinnitus online support groups. A nonintrusive (passive) analysis method was used, whereby messages comprising the dataset were retrieved without direct interaction with the discussion forum. Individuals and the community of tinnitus online support groups are deemed to be at low risk from potential harm in this study. Most tinnitus patients likely benefit from accessing online support groups, for example, they discover they are not alone, and they find new coping strategies. However, for those who are particularly vulnerable or prone to psychological stress, accessing these groups could be detrimental.
Innovation in the Context of Audiology and in the Context of the Internet
Authors: Bernstein Lynne E. , Besser Jana , Maidment David W. , Swanepoel De Wet
Published: November 2018

Purpose

This article explores different meanings of innovation within the context of audiology and the Internet. Case studies are used to illustrate and elaborate on the new types of innovation and their levels of impact.

Method

The article defines innovation, providing case studies illustrating a taxonomy of innovation types.

Results

Innovation ranges from minor changes in technology implemented on existing platforms to radical or disruptive changes that provide exceptional benefits and transform markets. Innovations within the context of audiology and the Internet can be found across that range. The case studies presented demonstrate that innovations in hearing care can span across a number of innovation types and levels of impact. Considering the global need for improved access and efficiency in hearing care, innovations that demonstrate a sustainable impact on a large scale, with the potential to rapidly upscale this impact, should be prioritized.

Conclusions

It is unclear presently what types of innovations are likely to have the most profound impacts on audiology in the coming years. In the best case, they will lead to more efficient, effective, and widespread availability of hearing health on a global scale.
Enriching Communicative Environments: Leveraging Advances in Neuroplasticity for Improving Outcomes in Neurogenic Communication Disorders
Authors: Hengst Julie A. , Duff Melissa C. , Jones Theresa A.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Research manipulating the complexity of housing environments for healthy and brain-damaged animals has offered strong, well-replicated evidence for the positive impacts in animal models ofenriched environmentson neuroplasticity and behavioral outcomes across the lifespan. This article reviews foundational work on environmental enrichment from the animal literature and considers how it relates to a line of research examiningrich communicative environmentsamong adults with aphasia, amnesia, and related cognitive-communication disorders.

Method

Drawing on the authors' own research and the broader literature, this article first presents a critical review ofenvironmental complexityfrom the animal literature. Building on that animal research, the second section begins by definingrich communicative environmentsfor humans (highlighting the combined effects of complexity, voluntariness, and experiential quality). It then introduces key frameworks for analyzing and designing rich communicative environments:distributed communicationandfunctional systemsalong with sociocultural theories of learning and development in humans that support them. The final section provides an overview of Hengst's and Duff's basic and translational research, which has been designed to exploit the insights of sociocultural theories and research on environmental complexity. In particular, this research has aimed to enrich communicative interactions in clinical settings, to trace specific communicative resources that characterize such interactions, and to marshal rich communicative environments for therapeutic goals for individuals with aphasia and amnesia.

Conclusions

This article concludes by arguing that enriching and optimizing environments and experiences offers a very promising approach to rehabilitation efforts designed to enhance the reorganization of cognitive-communicative abilities after brain injury. Such interventions would require clinicians to use the principles outlined here to enrich communicative environments and to target distributed communication in functional systems (not the isolated language of individuals).
Short-Term Intensive Therapy and Outcomes for Athletes With Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Disorder
Authors: Gallena Sally K. , Johnson Arthur T. , Vossoughi Jafar
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The aim of the study was to develop a treatment for athletes with paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (PVFMD) based on exercise physiology and learning theory principles and administer it over a preestablished time frame.

Method

A prospective, repeated-measures, within-subject group design was used. Eleven adolescent/teen athletes diagnosed with PVFMD via laryngoscopy received short-term intensive (STI) therapy. Eight of the athletes returned for extended follow-up. Changes in postexercise inspiratory (
R
i
) and expiratory (
R
e
) resistances and Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale (MBDS) ratings collected at baseline were compared immediately posttreatment and at extended follow-up. Dyspnea Index scores were collected at baseline and at extended follow-up. Two no-treatment control athletes with PVFMD participated in two exercise challenges—baseline and 6 weeks later.

Results

Immediately after STI therapy, athletes attained significant improvement in
R
i
,
R
e
, and MBDS ratings. These changes were maintained at extended follow-up as well as a significant change in Dyspnea Index scores. The 2 control athletes who were reassessed 6 weeks after baseline experienced negative changes in postexercise
R
i
and MBDS ratings.

Conclusion

STI therapy that incorporated individuality, specificity, and variable practice effectively changed outcome measures posttreatment with further improvement observed at extended follow-up. These results provide preliminary evidence for STI therapy for PVFMD.