bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Computational Studies on Characteristics of Cavitation Flow in Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Wei Rong , Xu Wei , Ming Tingfeng
Published: November 2024

The work presents the investigation of characteristics of the cavitation flow in a centrifugal pump using a combination of experimental and computational studies. In experimental studies, the head drop curve and pressure signals were dynamically measured. The numerical computations were implemented based on Zwart mass transfer cavitation model and a modified RNG k-ε turbulence model. The computational head drop curve showed good agreement with the experimental results. The computational results and experimental results revealed that the cavitation of a centrifugal pump could be divided into four types: non-cavitation, incipient cavitation, leading edge cavitation, and cloud cavitation. The main frequency of pressure in the pump of four cavitation types is the blade passing frequency (fb). The larger the cavity is, the greater the pressure amplitude at the blade passing frequency (fb). For the cloud cavitation, the cavity bubbles grow and collapse continuously at the edge of the cavity clouds, which led to a significant increase in the pulse quantity of pressure derivation.
Rapid Eccentric Spin-Aligned Binary Black Hole Waveform Generation Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Ren Zhixiang , Cao Zhoujian
Published: November 2024

Accurate waveform templates of binary black holes (BBHs) with eccentric orbits are essential for the detection and precise parameter estimation of gravitational waves (GWs). While SEOBNRE produces accurate time-domain waveforms for eccentric BBH systems, its generation speed remains a critical bottleneck in analyzing such systems. Accelerating template generation is crucial to data analysis improvement and valuable information extraction from observational data. We present SEOBNRE_AIq5e2, an innovative AI-based surrogate model that crafted to accelerate waveform generation for eccentric, spin-aligned BBH systems. SEOBNRE_AIq5e2 incorporates an advanced adaptive resampling technique during training, enabling the generation of eccentric BBH waveforms with mass ratios up to 5, eccentricities below 0.2, and spins \(|\chi_{z}|\) up to 0.6. It achieves an impressive generation speed of 4.3 ms per waveform with a mean mismatch of \(1.02 \times 10^{- 3}\). With the exceptional accuracy and rapid performance, SEOBNRE_AIq5e2 emerges as a promising waveform template for future analysis of eccentric gravitational wave data.
Identity-Preserving Text-to-Video Generation by Frequency Decomposition
Authors: Yuan Shenghai , Huang Jinfa , He Xianyi , Ge Yunyuan , Shi Yujun , Chen Liuhan , Luo Jiebo , Yuan Li
Published: December 2024

Identity-preserving text-to-video (IPT2V) generation aims to create high-fidelity videos with consistent human identity. It is an important task in video generation but remains an open problem for generative models. This paper pushes the technical frontier of IPT2V in two directions that have not been resolved in the literature: (1) A tuning-free pipeline without tedious case-by-case finetuning, and (2) A frequency-aware heuristic identity-preserving Diffusion Transformer (DiT)-based control scheme. To achieve these goals, we propose CONSISID, a tuning-free DiT-based controllable IPT2V model to keep human-IDentity CONSIStent in the generated video. Inspired by prior findings in frequency analysis of vision/diffusion transformers, it employs identity-control signals in the frequency domain, where facial features can be decomposed into low-frequency global features (_e.g._, profile, proportions) and high-frequency intrinsic features (_e.g._, identity markers that remain unaffected by pose changes). First, from a low-frequency perspective, we introduce a global facial extractor, which encodes the reference image and facial key points into a latent space, generating features enriched with low-frequency information. These features are then integrated into the shallow layers of the network to alleviate training challenges associated with DiT. Second, from a high-frequency perspective, we design a local facial extractor to capture high-frequency details and inject them into the transformer blocks, enhancing the model’s ability to preserve fine-grained features. To leverage the frequency information for identity preservation, we propose a hierarchical training strategy, transforming a vanilla pre-trained video generation model into an IPT2V model. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our frequency-aware heuristic scheme provides an optimal control solution for DiT-based models. Thanks to this scheme, our CONSISID achieves excellent results in generating high-quality, identity-preserving videos, making strides towards more effective IPT2V.
Regression Analysis of Mitochondrial Proapoptotic Molecules, Oxidative Stress, and Cellular Respiration Parameters in the Hippocampus of Rats with Experimental Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Dmitry I. Pozdnyakov , Anastasiya A. Viсhor
Published: November 2024

Background. Apoptosis is a key mechanism contributing to the loss of neurons and glial cells in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aim. To establish the relationship between the concentrations of mitochondrial proapoptotic molecules, oxidative stress, and cellular respiration parameters in the hippocampal tissue of rats with experimental Alzheimer’s disease. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on male and female Wistar rats in which Alzheimer’s disease was experimentally induced by direct injection of amyloid beta-peptides (Aβ) aggregates into the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Sixty days post-injection, the concentrations of proapoptotic mitochondrial molecules — SMAC/DIABLO protein, apoptosis-­inducing factor (AIF), and cytochrome c — were measured in hippocampal tissue. These concentrations were analyzed in relation to mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide levels and the activities of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration. Regression models were characterized using the F-test, Akaike information criterion (AIC), and the coefficient of determination (R2). Results. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in the concentrations of proapoptotic molecules was observed in the hippocampal tissue of both male and female rats following Aβ injection. Regression analysis revealed that the release of SMAC/DIABLO protein and apoptosis-­inducing factor was most strongly associated with mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide levels, whereas the release of cytochrome c was primarily dependent on anaerobic respiration activity. Conclusion. In both male and female rats with experimental Alzheimer’s disease, the increased concentrations of SMAC/DIABLO protein and apoptosis-­inducing factor in hippocampal tissue are associated with elevated mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide levels. The increased concentration of cytochrome c is primarily linked to enhanced anaerobic respiration activity.
Inflammatory Mediators in Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder (Russian Translation)
Authors: Sara Poletti , Mario Gennaro Mazza , Francesco Benedetti
Published: November 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are highly disabling illnesses defined by different psychopathological, neuroimaging, and cognitive profiles. In the last decades, immune dysregulation has received increasing attention as a central factor in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Several aspects of immune dysregulations have been investigated, including, low-grade inflammation cytokines, chemokines, cell populations, gene expression, and markers of both peripheral and central immune activation. Understanding the distinct immune profiles characterizing the two disorders is indeed of crucial importance for differential diagnosis and the implementation of personalized treatment strategies. In this paper, we reviewed the current literature on the dysregulation of the immune response system focusing our attention on studies using inflammatory markers to discriminate between MDD and BD. High heterogeneity characterized the available literature, reflecting the heterogeneity of the disorders. Common alterations in the immune response system include high pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL‑6 and TNF-α. On the contrary, a greater involvement of chemokines and markers associated with innate immunity has been reported in BD together with dynamic changes in T cells with differentiation defects during childhood which normalize in adulthood, whereas classic mediators of immune responses such as IL‑4 and IL‑10 are present in MDD together with signs of immune-­senescence. Original article: Poletti S, Mazza MG, Benedetti F. Inflammatory mediators in major depression and bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry. 2024;(14):247. DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02921-z. The article was translated into Russian and published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license.
Rancang Bangun Pembersih Kandang Anak Ayam Menggunakan Konveyor Berbasis Internet Of Things
Authors: Rosadi Ailillatur , Widyo Leksono Jati , Izzati Nailul , Ummah Imamatul
Published: November 2024

The cleanliness of chick coops is crucial, especially in large-scale poultry farms, as it directly affects the health and well-being of the chicks. Manual cleaning of coops can be very tiring and inefficient. This study aims to design and implement an automatic chick coop cleaning system based on a conveyor belt equipped with a DHT22 temperature sensor and an MQ-135 ammonia sensor, using an ESP32 module for automatic control and Internet of Things (IoT) integration. The results show that the system operates well, with temperature measurement errors ranging from 0% to 3,10% and ammonia measurements ranging from 7 to 40,00 ppm. To improve reliability, it is recommended to use sensors with higher accuracy and add an offline mode so the system can still function without an internet connectio
PENCEGAHAN PERUNDUNGAN MELALUI LITERASI EDUKASI PADA MUSYAWARAH GURU MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA SMP DI KOTA PALU
Authors: Yunidar Yunidar , Ketut Alit Suputra Gusti , Tahir Moh. , Halifah Nur
Published: November 2024

Kegiatan “Pencegahan Perundungan melalui Literasi Edukasi pada Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia SMP di kota Palu” dilaksanakan untuk memberikan literasi edukasi pencegahan perundungan kepada guru sebagai penghubung yang akan memberi penyadaran dan pemahaman kepada siswa untuk mencegah terjadinya perundungan di sekolah.Upaya pencegahan perundungan  diharapkan memberi pemahaman tentang linguistik forensik dan kesantunan berbahasa. Guru bahasa Indonesia di SMP kota Palu yang bernaung dalam MGMP berperan sebagai perantara untu menyampaikan cara berkomunikasi dengan menggunakan bahasa yang santun ke siswa agar dapat terhindar dari perundungan. Edukasi akan dikemas dalam bentuk pelatihan yang menggunakan model partisipatif. Keberhasilan kegiatan pengabdian ini diukur menggunakan pertanyaan tes awal dan tes akhir kegiatan. Pertanyaan yang diberikan melalui link googleform pada tes awal memperoleh nilai rata-rata 61,2 pada kategori sedang, selanjutnya pada tes akhir memperoleh nilai rata-rata 92,1 pada kategori sangat baik. Hal ini menunjukkan pemahaman awal peserta kegiatan pelatihan mengalami peningkatan setelah mengikuti rangkaian kegiatan pelatihan.
AI in Network Security: Enhancing Protection in the Age of Automation
Authors: Ramanathan Sekkappan
Published: November 2024

This comprehensive article explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence in network security, addressing the evolving challenges and solutions in contemporary cybersecurity landscapes. The article delves into how AI-driven systems revolutionize threat detection, response capabilities, and security operations across organizations. Through analysis of machine learning algorithms, automated response systems, and emerging technologies, this article investigates the implementation challenges, best practices, and future considerations in AI security adoption. The article examines the impact of quantum computing, edge processing, and 5G networks on security paradigms while considering the complexities of data privacy, compliance requirements, and operational hurdles. This article provides insights into strategic planning, technical integration, and governance frameworks necessary for successful AI security implementation while exploring how organizations can prepare for future security challenges in an increasingly connected world.
Guidelines for PM Internship Scheme: A Pilot Project (2024-25)
Authors: Dr. H M Naveen
Published: November 2024

The Prime Minister’s Internship Scheme in Top Companies has been announced in the Budget 2024-25 (Scheme). It aims to provide internship opportunities to one crore youth in top 500 companies in five years. Through this Scheme, youth will gain exposure for 12 months to real-life business environment, across varied professions and employment opportunities. As per the guidelines, the word Internship, for the purpose of this Scheme is envisaged as an arrangement between the intern and the company in which the company provides an opportunity to the intern to get training gain experience and skills within the real-life environment of the business or organization that helps in bridging the gap between academic learning and industry requirements in turn, assisting enhancement of her/his employability. This Scheme is separate from all the existing schemes related to skill development apprenticeships, internship and student training programmes, etc. being implemented across all the State and UTs of India, will run independently of all such Central/State schemes. Under this scheme, the government of India will provide internships to all students who have completed their education. The Government of India will also provide financial assistance and a monthly stipend to all selected applicants under the scheme. The financial assistance under the scheme will be transferred directly to the selected applicant’s bank account.
Qualidade de Vida de Pacientes com Câncer Avançado em Tratamento: Revisão e Síntese Qualitativa
Authors: Hansen Cristiano de Assis Pereira , Nunes Carlos Roberto de Oliveira , Fernandes Tatiane Aparecida Simas
Published: November 2024

Introdução: A incidência global de câncer tem aumentado e muitos pacientes convivem por muito tempo com a doença em cenário metastático, no qual – a par de considerações sobre quanto tempo têm de vida – torna-se relevante discutir qualidade de vida durante o tratamento. Objetivo: Construir uma revisão da literatura qualitativa, com vistas a descrever fatores intervenientes sobre a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com câncer avançado em tratamento, destacando os achados mais relevantes na perspectiva dos sujeitos. Método: Foram selecionados nove artigos que constituíram o corpus de análise. A metodologia empregada foi a análise de conteúdo de Bardin, por meio da análise de frequência dos códigos, análise de co-ocorrência e análise contingencial, culminando com uma síntese temática. Resultados: Foram encontrados 11 temas e 15 subtemas que abordam o tema principal: expectativa de ser um fardo familiar. O tema com menor relação com os outros, possivelmente indicando uma dimensão complementar aos demais, foi: manter a esperança. Conclusão: A síntese qualitativa indicou que preocupações com a rede de suporte familiar parecem influenciar de modo importante a qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer avançado em tratamento.
Symbols and Metaphors of Ceramic Sculpture Receptacles
Authors: Donkor Evans Kwadwo , Navei Nyamawero , Addae Alexander
Published: November 2024

In Africa, the production of ceramic sculpture receptacles is a common artistic practice. This artistry has attracted a plethora of historical, cultural, archaeological, and ethnographic studies. Such studies have revealed some of these African ceramic sculpture receptacles' metaphorical, philosophical, social, and cultural contexts. However, the paucity of literature on the symbols and metaphors of the ceramic sculpture receptacles produced at Takoradi Technical University (TTU) in Ghana provides a research gap. The current study, therefore, sought to examine selected ceramic sculpture receptacles from the Ceramic Design Technology Department of TTU to reveal their symbolic and metaphorical connotations from the indigenous Ghanaian cultural context. The study utilised a qualitative research approach and a descriptive research design. Twelve (12) ceramic sculpture receptacles were purposively sampled, and triangulation of instruments, including non-participant observation, personal interviews, and document reviews, were used to elicit interpretative data from thirteen experts (lecturers & students of TTU), who were all practicing artists. The findings reveal that the twelve ceramic sculpture receptacles incorporate culturally revered animals (birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals) as decorative symbols. These animal-related metaphors are strongly tied to traditional Ghanaian society's sociocultural, religious, and political dimensions. These symbols reflect rich cultural values and philosophies, making the artefacts vital for preserving and promoting Ghanaian cultural heritage. The study recommends further research on other institutional artefacts to decode their embedded sociocultural repositories. This tends to promote and preserve Ghanaian cultural and artistic heritage, which serves as an educational tool for current and future generations.
Compite en verde: abriendo a la competencia el reciclaje de envases
Authors: Tobías Peña Lara , Tárrega Raquel , Lirón Alexandra , Camba Alfonso
Published: November 2024

El artículo analiza la gestión de residuos de envases en España partiendo de un estudio de la CNMC (2024). El sector, históricamente monopolizado, atraviesa un momento crucial por su incipiente apertura a la competencia y su relevancia para impulsar la sostenibilidad. El análisis indica que las particularidades del sector hacen que sea especialmente importante que la regulación y las autoridades promuevan activamente la competencia. Para ello se recomienda, primero, reducir las barreras de entrada y a la movilidad entre proveedores. Segundo, establecer un marco de coordinación procompetitivo entre agentes públicos y privados, con una regulación detallada, un órgano de supervisión, un sistema de convenio único con convenio tipo y unas Administraciones dotadas de suficientes recursos. Tercero, fomentar la transparencia y mejorar la trazabilidad y detección del fraude. Cuarto, prevenir y remediar conflictos de interés en el sector. Quinto, promover la competencia en la adjudicación de residuos a recicladores.
Characteristics of Emergency Medicine Residency Programs With Unfilled Positions in the 2023 Match
Authors: Preiksaitis Carl , Krzyzaniak Sara M. , Bowers Kaitlin , Little Andrew , Gottlieb Michael , Mannix Alexandra , Gisondi Michael A. , Chan Teresa M. , Lin Michelle
Published: November 2024

Study objective: The unprecedented number of unfilled emergency medicine post-graduate year 1 (PGY-1) residency positions in the 2023 National Resident Matching Program shocked the emergency medicine community. This study investigates the association between emergency medicine program characteristics and the likelihood of unfilled positions in the 2023 Match.

Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study examined 2023 National Resident Matching Program data, focusing on program type, length, location, size, proximity to other programs, previous American Osteopathic Association (AOA) accreditation, first accreditation year, and emergency department ownership structure. We constructed a generalized linear mixed model with a logistic linking function to determine predictors of unfilled positions.

Results: A total of 554 of 3,010 (18.4%) PGY-1 positions at 131 of 276 (47%) emergency medicine programs went unfilled in the 2023 Match. In our model, predictors included having unfilled positions in the 2022 Match (odds ratio [OR] 48.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 21.04 to 110.15), smaller program size (less than 8 residents, OR 18.39, 95% CI 3.90 to 86.66; 8 to 10 residents, OR 6.29, 95% CI 1.50 to 26.28; 11 to 13 residents, OR 5.88, 95% CI 1.55 to 22.32), located in the Mid Atlantic (OR 14.03, 95% CI 2.56 to 77.04) area, prior AOA accreditation (OR 10.13, 95% CI 2.82 to 36.36), located in the East North Central (OR 6.94, 95% CI 1.25 to 38.47) area, and corporate ownership structure (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.06 to 9.72).

Conclusion: Our study identified 6 characteristics associated with unfilled emergency medicine residency positions in the 2023 Match. These findings may be used to guide student advising and inform decisions by residency programs, hospitals, and national organizations to address the complexities of residency recruitment and implications for the emergency medicine workforce.
Leveraging Tweets, Citations, and Social Networks to Improve Bibliometrics
Authors: Trueger N. Seth , Yilmaz Yusuf , Chan Teresa M.
Published: November 2024

[para. 1]: "Citations have long been the leading metric for articles, with the citation-based journal impact factor being the primary journal metric. As the world becomes increasingly digital, altmetrics (“alternative metrics,” including article page views and measures of social media sharing, such as the proprietary Altmetric attention score) have become more important in assessing the spread or potential value of a given scientific article. Giustini and colleagues compare citations with altmetrics in the pediatric literature. This study of pediatric articles highlights that while an article’s altmetrics are associated with future citations, most articles have very low metrics across all measures; only a very small fraction of articles account for most citations, page views, and other altmetrics."
CanadiEM: Accessing a Virtual Community of Practice to Create a Canadian National Medical Education Institution
Authors: Ting Daniel K. , Thoma Brent , Luckett-Gatopoulos S. , Thomas Adam , Syed Shahbaz , Bravo Michael , Zaver Fareen , Purdy Eve , Kwok Edmund S.H. , Chan Teresa M.
Published: November 2024

Background

The rise of free open‐access medical education (FOAM) has led to a wide range of online resources in emergency medicine. Canadian physicians have been active contributors to FOAM.

Objectives

We aimed to create a virtual community of practice that would serve as a national platform for collaboration, learning, and knowledge dissemination.

Methods

CanadiEM was formed in 2016 from the merger of two Canadian websites and a podcast. Using a community‐of‐practice model, we introduced two training programs to support junior community members in becoming core editorial team members and employed asynchronous Web technologies to facilitate collaboration. We also introduced a coached peer review process and formed strategic alliances that aim to ensure a high quality of publication.

Results

CanadiEM has become a portal for readers to access a broad range of FOAM content. The website has published 782 articles. Of these, 71 have undergone a coached peer review process. The website has received over 2.5 million page views from 217 countries, and the associated CRACKCast podcast has been downloaded over 750,000 times.

Conclusions

CanadiEM has succeeded in building a national multi‐interface dissemination network that fosters collaboration and knowledge sharing in emergency medicine while fostering junior digital scholars. The construction of a community of practice has been facilitated by quality assurance, training programs, and the use of asynchronous Web technologies. Ongoing challenges in sustainability include a volunteer workforce with high turnover.
Precision medicine within health professions education: Defining a research agenda for emergency medicine using a foresight and strategy technique (FaST) review
Authors: Chan Teresa M. , Thoma Brent , Finnell John T , Gordon Bradley D , Farrell Susan , Pusic Martin , Cabrera Daniel , Gisondi Michael A. , Caretta-Weyer Holly A. , Stave Christopher , Ankel Felix
Published: November 2024

Background: Precision medicine, sometimes referred to as personalized medicine, is rapidly changing the possibilities for how people will engage health care in the near future. As technology to support precision medicine exponentially develops, there is an urgent need to proactively improve our understanding of precision medicine and pose important research questions (RQs) related to its inclusion in the education and training of future emergency physicians.

Methods: A seven-step process was employed to develop a research agenda exploring the intersection of precision and emergency medicine education/training. A literature search of articles about precision medicine was conducted first, which informed the creation of future four scenarios in which trainees and practicing physicians regularly discuss and incorporate precision medicine tools into their discussions and work. Based on these futurist narratives, potential education RQs were generated by an expert panel. A total of 59 initial questions were subsequently categorized and refined to a priority list through a nominal group voting method. The top/priority questions were presented at the 2023 SAEM Consensus Conference on Precision Medicine, Austin, Texas, for further input.

Results: Eight high-value education RQs were developed, reflecting a holistic view of the challenges and opportunities for precision medicine education in the knowledge, skills, and attitudes relevant to emergency medicine. These questions contend with topics such as most effective pedagogical methods; intended resulting outcomes and behaviors; the generational differences between practicing emergency physicians, educators, and future trainees; and the desires and expectations of patients.

Conclusions: Emergency medicine and emergency physicians must be prepared to understand precision medicine and incorporate this information into their "toolbox" of thinking, problem solving, and communication with patients and colleagues. This research agenda on how best to educate future emergency physicians in 
In Reply to Boucharel
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Krzyzaniak Sara M. , Chan Teresa M.
Published: November 2024

[para. 1]: "We thank Dr. Boucharel for her comments on our article. We agree that no single faculty development system functions well without fulsome institutional support. Although programs like the Academic Life in Emergency Medicine Faculty Incubator may increase collaboration, shared learning, and scholarship, it is essential that this endeavor be combined with more systemic efforts aimed at valuing clinician–educators—beyond merely publications."
The Social Media Editor at Medical Journals: Responsibilities, Goals, Barriers, and Facilitators
Authors: López Melany , Chan Teresa M. , Thoma Brent , Arora Vineet M. , Trueger N. Seth
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To determine the responsibilities of journal social media editors (SMEs) and describe their goals and barriers and facilitators to their position.

Method

The authors identified SMEs using an informal listserv and snowball sampling. Participants were interviewed (June–July 2016) about their position, including responsibilities, goals, barriers and facilitators, and attitudes and perceptions about the position. Themes were identified through a thematic analysis and consensus building approach. Descriptive data, including audience metrics and 2016 impact factors, were collected.

Results

Thirty SMEs were invited; 24 were interviewed (19 by phone and 5 via e-mail). SMEs generally had a track record in the social media community before being invited to be SME; many had preexisting roles at their journal. Responsibilities varied considerably; some SMEs also served as decision editors. Many SMEs personally managed journal accounts, and many had support from non-physicians journal staff. Consistently, SMEs focused on improving reader engagement by disseminating new journal publications on social media. The authors identified goals, resources, and sustainability as primary themes of SMEs’ perspectives on their positions. Editorial leadership support was identified as a key facilitator in their position at the journal. Challenges to sustainability included a lack of tangible resources and uncertainty surrounding, or lack of, academic credit for social media activities.

Conclusions

Many of the participating SMEs pioneered the use of social media as a platform for knowledge dissemination at their journals. While editorial boards are qualitatively supportive, SMEs are challenged by limited resources and lack of academic credit for social media work.
Appreciation for Peer Review and Peer Reviewers in Academic Medicine
Authors: Brown Megan E.L. , Chan Teresa M. , Gottlieb Michael , Patino Gustavo A. , Roberts Laura Weiss
Published: November 2024

[para. 1]: "The editorial team of Academic Medicine is indebted to the extraordinary contributions of our peer reviewers. Remarkably, from September 2021 until September 2022, our journal benefitted from the guidance provided by more than 1,800 reviewers from 45 countries. These reviewers provide insights of tremendous value in editorial decision making, and they assist our authors in strengthening the rigor, quality, and presentation of their scholarship."
Academic Olympism and Authorship: Honoring Contributions to Collaborative Scholarship
Authors: O’Brien Bridget , Lypson Monica L. , Chan Teresa M. , Coverdale John , DeVilbiss Mary Beth , West Colin , Roberts Laura Weiss
Published: November 2024

[para. 1]: " 

On August 1, 2021, the world witnessed an act of true collegiality as 2 athletes, Mutaz Essa Barshim and Gianmarco Tamberi, shared the podium for the gold medal in the high jump at the 2020 summer Olympic games. When the 2 longtime friends and rivals reached the limit of their performance at the same height, an official proposed a jump-off to break the tie. Barshim asked if 2 gold medals were an option and the official promptly replied, “It’s possible, yes.” Tamberi immediately agreed to a tie. The act reflects the spirit of Olympism—the “philosophy of life” that celebrates “the joy of effort, the educational value of good example, social responsibility, and respect for fundamental ethical principles.” In keeping with this philosophy, the Olympics can readily accommodate athletes’ desires to share recognition for their achievements. We believe a similar philosophy can apply to academia, in that guidelines for authors can be designed to accommodate requests to honor shared efforts and contributions to scholarship."
Developing the Virtual Resus Room: Fidelity, Usability, Acceptability, and Applicability of a Virtual Simulation for Teaching and Learning
Authors: Foohey Sarah , Nagji Alim , Yilmaz Yusuf , Sibbald Matthew , Monteiro Sandra , Chan Teresa M.
Published: November 2024

Problem: Physical distancing restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic led to the transition from in-person to online teaching for many medical educators. This report describes the Virtual Resus Room (VRR)-a free, novel, open-access resource for running collaborative online simulations.

Approach: The lead author created the VRR in May 2020 to give learners the opportunity to rehearse their crisis resource management skills by working as a team to complete virtual tasks. The VRR uses Google Slides to link participants to the virtual environment and Zoom to link participants to each other. Students and facilitators in the emergency medicine clerkship at McMaster University used the VRR to run 2 cases between June and August 2020. Students and facilitators completed a postsession survey to assess usability and acceptability, applicability for learning or teaching, and fidelity. In addition, students took a knowledge test pre- and postsession.

Outcomes: Forty-six students and 11 facilitators completed the postsession surveys. Facilitators and students rated the VRR's usability and acceptability, applicability for learning and teaching, and fidelity highly. Students showed a significant improvement in their postsession (mean = 89.06, standard deviation [SD] = 9.56) compared with their presession knowledge scores (mean = 71.17, SD = 15.77; t(34) = 7.28, P < .001, with a large effect size Cohen's d = 1.23). Two perceived learning outcomes were identified: content learning and communication skills development. The total time spent (in minutes) facilitating VRR simulations (mean = 119, SD = 36) was significantly lower than time spent leading in-person simulations (mean = 181, SD = 58; U = 20.50, P < .008).

Next steps: Next steps will include expanding the evaluation of the VRR to include participants from additional learner levels, from varying sites, and from other health professions.
Curated collections for educators: Nine key articles and article series for teaching qualitative research methods
Authors: Lin Sophia , Zimmerman Elise , Datta Suchismita , Selby Maurice , Chan Teresa M. , Fant Abra
Published: November 2024

Background: Qualitative research explains observations, focusing on how and why phenomena and experiences occur. Qualitative methods go beyond quantitative data and provide critical information inaccessible through quantitative methods. However, at all levels of medical education, there is insufficient exposure to qualitative research. As a result, residents and fellows complete training ill-equipped to appraise and conduct qualitative studies. As a first step to increasing education in qualitative methods, we sought to create a curated collection of papers for faculty to use in teaching qualitative research at the graduate medical education (GME) level.

Methods: We conducted literature searches on the topic of teaching qualitative research to residents and fellows and queried virtual medical education and qualitative research communities for relevant articles. We searched the reference lists of all articles found through the literature searches and online queries for additional articles. We then conducted a three-round modified Delphi process to select papers most relevant to faculty teaching qualitative research.

Results: We found no articles describing qualitative research curricula at the GME level. We identified 74 articles on the topic of qualitative research methods. The modified Delphi process identified the top nine articles or article series most relevant for faculty teaching qualitative research. Several articles explain qualitative methods in the context of medical education, clinical care, or emergency care research. Two articles describe standards of high-quality qualitative studies, and one article discusses how to conduct the individual qualitative interview to collect data for a qualitative study.

Conclusions: While we identified no articles reporting already existing qualitative research curricula for residents and fellows, we were able to create a collection of papers on qualitative research relevant to faculty seeking to teach qualitative methods. These papers describe key qualitative research concepts important in instructing trainees as they appraise and begin to develop their own qualitative studies.
The Purpose, Design, and Promise of Medical Education Research Labs
Authors: Chan Teresa M. , Gisondi Michael A. , Michael Sarah , Li-Sauerwine Simiao , Brazil Victoria , Caretta-Weyer Holly A. , Issenberg S. Barry , Giordano Jonathan , Lineberry Matthew , Olson Adriana Segura , Burkhardt John C.
Published: November 2024

Medical education researchers are often subject to challenges that include lack of funding, collaborators, study subjects, and departmental support. The construct of a research lab provides a framework that can be employed to overcome these challenges and effectively support the work of medical education researchers; however, labs are relatively uncommon in the medical education field. Using case examples, the authors describe the organization and mission of medical education research labs contrasted with those of larger research team configurations, such as research centers, collaboratives, and networks. They discuss several key elements of education research labs: the importance of lab identity, the signaling effect of a lab designation, required infrastructure, and the training mission of a lab. The need for medical education researchers to be visionary and strategic when designing their labs is emphasized, start-up considerations and the likelihood of support for medical education labs is considered, and the degree to which department leaders should support such labs is questioned.
Social media and the modern scientist: a research primer for low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Dong Junghwan Kevin , Saunders Colleen , Wachira Benjamin W. , Thoma Brent , Chan Teresa M.
Published: November 2024

Social media has changed the way we communicate. Wherever you are in the world, various forms of social media are being used by individuals to share information and connect without borders. Due to its ubiquity, social media holds great promise in linking clinicians, scientists, investigators, and the public to change the way we conduct scientific discourse. In this paper, we present a step-by-step guide on optimizing your social media strategy with regards to: research/scholarly practice (discourse, collaboration, recruitment), knowledge translation, dissemination, and education. This guide also highlights key readings that provide guidance to those interested in incorporating social media into their scholarly practice.
Harnessing Natural Language Processing to Support Decisions Around Workplace-Based Assessment: Machine Learning Study of Competency-Based Medical Education
Authors: Chan Teresa M. , Yilmaz Yusuf , Nunez Alma Jurado , Ariaeinejad Ali , Lee Mark , Sherbino Jonathan
Published: November 2024

Background: Residents receive a numeric performance rating (eg, 1-7 scoring scale) along with a narrative (ie, qualitative) feedback based on their performance in each workplace-based assessment (WBA). Aggregated qualitative data from WBA can be overwhelming to process and fairly adjudicate as part of a global decision about learner competence. Current approaches with qualitative data require a human rater to maintain attention and appropriately weigh various data inputs within the constraints of working memory before rendering a global judgment of performance.

Objective: This study explores natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) applications for identifying trainees at risk using a large WBA narrative comment data set associated with numerical ratings.

Methods: NLP was performed retrospectively on a complete data set of narrative comments (ie, text-based feedback to residents based on their performance on a task) derived from WBAs completed by faculty members from multiple hospitals associated with a single, large, residency program at McMaster University, Canada. Narrative comments were vectorized to quantitative ratings using the bag-of-n-grams technique with 3 input types: unigram, bigrams, and trigrams. Supervised ML models using linear regression were trained with the quantitative ratings, performed binary classification, and output a prediction of whether a resident fell into the category of at risk or not at risk. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy metrics are reported.

Results: The database comprised 7199 unique direct observation assessments, containing both narrative comments and a rating between 3 and 7 in imbalanced distribution (scores 3-5: 726 ratings; and scores 6-7: 4871 ratings). A total of 141 unique raters from 5 different hospitals and 45 unique residents participated over the course of 5 academic years. When comparing the 3 different input types for diagnosing if a trainee would be rated low (ie, 1-5) or high (ie, 6 or 7), our accuracy for trigrams was 87%, bigrams 86%, and unigrams 82%. We also found that all 3 input types had better prediction accuracy when using a bimodal cut (eg, lower or higher) compared with predicting performance along the full 7-point rating scale (50%-52%).

Conclusions: The ML models can accurately identify underperforming residents via narrative comments provided for WBAs. The words generated in WBAs can be a worthy data set to augment human decisions for educators tasked with processing large volumes of narrative assessments.
A Fork in the Road for Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Blogs and Podcasts: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Lin Michelle , Phipps Mina , Yilmaz Yusuf , Nash Christopher J. , Gisondi Michael A. , Chan Teresa M.
Published: November 2024

Background

Free open-access meducation (FOAM) refers to open-access, web-based learning resources in medicine. It includes all formats of digital products, including blogs and podcasts. The number of FOAM blog and podcast sites in emergency medicine and critical care increased dramatically from 2002 to 2013, and physicians began to rely on the availability of these resources. The current landscape of these FOAM sites is unknown.

Objective

This study aims to (1) estimate the current number of active, open-access blogs and podcasts in emergency medicine and critical care and (2) describe observed and anticipated trends in the FOAM movement using the Theory of Disruptive Innovation by Christensen as a theoretical framework.

Methods

The authors used multiple resources and sampling strategies to identify active, open-access blogs and podcasts between April 25, 2022, and May 8, 2022, and classified these websites as blogs, podcasts, or blogs+podcasts. For each category, they reported the following outcome measures using descriptive statistics: age, funding, affiliations, and team composition. Based on these findings, the authors projected trends in the number of active sites using a positivist paradigm and the Theory of Disruptive Innovation as a theoretical framework.

Results

The authors identified 109 emergency medicine and critical care websites, which comprised 45.9% (n=50) blogs, 22.9% (n=25) podcasts, and 31.2% (n=34) blogs+podcasts. Ages ranged from 0 to 18 years; 27.5% (n=30) sold products, 18.3% (n=20) used advertisements, 44.0% (n=48) had institutional funding, and 27.5% (n=30) had no affiliation or external funding sources. Team sizes ranged from 1 (n=26, 23.9%) to ≥5 (n=60, 55%) individuals.

Conclusions

There was a sharp decline in the number of emergency medicine and critical care blogs and podcasts in the last decade, dropping 40.4% since 2013. The initial growth of FOAM and its subsequent downturn align with principles in the Theory of Disruptive Innovation by Christensen. These findings have important implications for the field of medical education.
A call to action in consultation training
Authors: Kessler Chad , Woods Rob , Chan Teresa M. , Sherbino Jonathan
Published: November 2024

To the editor: We applaud the authors of "How to Give a Consultation and How to Get a Consultation" for bringing communication issues between specialists to the attention of the emergency medicine community. The communication skills that inform a consultation are defined by both the CanMEDS and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) competency frameworks. However, the educational science of a consultation is poorly studied. Hence, effective teaching strategies for both undergraduate and graduate medical education programs are potentially lacking.
Identifying Social Media Competencies for Health Professionals: An International Modified Delphi Study to Determine Consensus for Curricular Design
Authors: Yilmaz Yusuf , Chan Teresa M. , Thoma Brent , Luc Jessica G. Y. , Haas Mary , Preiksaitis Carl , Tran Victoria , Gottlieb Michael
Published: November 2024

Study objective: The use of social media by health professionals is widespread. However, there is a lack of training to support the effective use of these novel platforms that account for the nuances of an effective health and research communication. We sought to identify the competencies needed by health care professionals to develop an effective social media presence as a medical professional, with the goal of building a social media curriculum.

Methods: We conducted a modified Delphi study, utilizing Kraiger's Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes framework to identify appropriate items for inclusion in a social media curriculum targeted at health care professionals. Experts in this space were defined as health care professionals who had delivered workshops, published papers, or developed prominent social media tools/accounts. They were recruited through a multimodal campaign to complete a series of 3 survey rounds designed to build consensus. In keeping with prior studies, a threshold of 80% endorsement was used for inclusion in the final list of items.

Results: Ninety-eight participants met the expert criteria and were invited to participate in the study. Of the 98 participants, 92 (94%) experts completed the first round; of the 92 experts who completed the first round, 83 (90%) completed the second round; and of the 83 experts who completed the second round, 81 (98%) completed the third round of the Delphi study. Eighteen new items were suggested in the first survey and incorporated into the study. A total of 46 items met the 80% inclusion threshold.

Conclusion: We identified 46 items that were believed to be important for health care professionals using social media. This list should inform the development of curricular activities and objectives.
Creating, Curating, and Sharing Online Faculty Development Resources: The Medical Education in Cases Series Experience
Authors: Chan Teresa M. , Thoma Brent , Lin Michelle
Published: November 2024

Problem: It is difficult to engage clinicians in continuing medical education that does not focus on clinical expertise. Evolving online technologies (e.g., massive open online courses [MOOCs]) are disrupting and transforming medical education, but few online nonclinical professional development resources exist. Approach: In August 2013, the Academic Life in Emergency Medicine Web site launched the Medical Education in Cases (MEdIC) series to engage clinicians in an online professional development exercise. Each month, a complex, realistic scenario featuring a nonclinical medical education dilemma is published with accompanying discussion questions. A weeklong discussion is moderated on Twitter and the Web site. This discussion is curated to create a community commentary, which is published alongside presolicited expert responses. Case resources are available for download. Outcomes: The first six MEdIC cases (published August 2013–January 2014) emphasized different CanMEDS and/or Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education competencies. Median reader engagement metrics (interquartile range 25%–75%) in the first week following publication were 861 (634–1,114) pageviews, 767 (518–953) unique visitors from 326 (218–405) cities in 45 (32–50) countries, 30 (24–39) comments, 52 (40–56) tweets, 17 (13–30) Facebook Likes, and 5 (5–7) Google Plus +1s. Next Steps: The MEdIC series is proof of concept that online activities can engage clinicians in nonclinical professional development. The early experience suggests the connectivist nature of MEdIC allows for crowd-sourcing solutions to ill-defined problems via the wisdom of readers. This methodology may also be effective for other nonclinical and medical education topics.