Dampak Depresi Parental Terhadap Kejadian Stunting di Indonesia
Authors: Saptarini Ika , Rizkianti Anissa , Arfines Prisca Petty 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Stunting conditions can cause cognitive damage in children. The risk of children experiencing chronic malnutrition, such as stunting, is increasing with the lack of care due to depression experienced by parents. This study aims to look at the effect of parental depression on the incidence of stunting in Indonesia. The data used is the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS), which is a longitudinal survey with 83 percent representation of the entire population in Indonesia. The data used are IFLS4 and IFLS5, which are two survey waves, 2007/2008 and 2014/2015. The unit of analysis is children aged 0-59 months who live with parents and have complete information about height measurements, with a total sample of 2,224 children at IFLS4 and followed up to IFLS5. Depression information was obtained based on the 10-question Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression instrument (CESD-10) asked of parents. While stunting is assessed based on the results of measurements of height according to age in children. The control variables examined included the type of residence, maternal age at birth, maternal education, employment status, economic status, sanitation, maternal height, childbirth weight, child sex, and birth order. The effect of parental depression on the incidence of stunting was analyzed using panel logistic regression method with random effects. The results showed that maternal depression (OR 0.89; 95% CI: 0.65-1.24) and paternal depression (OR 0.87; 95% CI: 0.63-1.21) did not significantly influence the incidence of stunting. The likelihood of stunting is higher among children in rural areas, have inadequate sanitation, low birth weight, and are the third child. Further research is needed regarding parental depression with uniform instruments.

Keywords: paternal depression, maternal depression, stunting, malnutrition

Abstrak

Kondisi stunting dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan kognisi pada anak. Risiko anak mengalami malnutrisi kronis seperti stunting semakin meningkat dengan kurangnya pengasuhan akibat depresi yang dialami oleh orang tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat pengaruh depresi parental terhadap kejadian stunting di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) yaitu survei longitudinal dengan keterwakilan 83 persen dari seluruh populasi di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah IFLS4 dan IFLS5 yang merupakan dua wave survei pada tahun 2007/2008 dan 2014/2015. Unit analisis adalah anak usia 0-59 bulan yang tinggal bersama orangtua serta memiliki informasi lengkap tentang pengukuran tinggi badan dengan total sampel 2.224 anak pada IFLS4 dan diikuti sampai IFLS5. Informasi depresi diperoleh berdasarkan instrumen Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression versi 10 pertanyaan (CESD-10) yang ditanyakan kepada orangtua. Sedangkan stunting dinilai berdasarkan hasil pengukuran tinggi badan menurut umur pada anak. Variabel kontrol yang diteliti antara lain tipe daerah, usia ibu saat melahirkan, pendidikan ibu, status pekerjaan, status ekonomi, sanitasi, tinggi ibu, berat lahir anak, jenis kelamin anak dan urutan kelahiran anak. Pengaruh depresi parental terhadap kejadian stunting dianalisis menggunakan metode regresi logistik panel dengan efek random. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan depresi maternal (OR 0,89; 95% CI: 0,65-1,24) dan paternal (OR 0,87; 95% CI: 0,63-1,21) tidak berpengaruh secara bermakna terhadap kejadian stunting. Peluang terjadinya stunting lebih tinggi pada anak di perdesaan, memiliki sanitasi yang tidak layak, berat badan lahir rendah dan merupakan anak ketiga. Perlu adanya penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai depresi parental dengan instrumen yang seragam.

Kata kunci: depresi paternal, depresi maternal, stunting, malnutrisi