bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digitale Materialien für die Vorbehaltsaufgaben
Authors: Seider-Rolf Kristina , Köpke Sascha , Posenau André , Schaper Niclas , Zimmermann Markus , Latteck Änne-Dörte , Büker Christa
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung: Das Projekt KomVor Pflege entwickelte digitale Lehr-/Lernmaterialien (dLLm) für die Vorbehaltsaufgaben der Pflege. Diese werden an drei Pflegephänomene geknüpft und über Fallsituationen in verschiedenen Settings verortet. Alle Materialien sind als Open Educational Resources (OER) erhältlich. Am Beispiel der Einheit 1 werden die Nutzungsmöglichkeiten verdeutlicht.
Edukation im pflegerischen Schmerzmanagement
Authors: Nestler Nadja
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung: Edukation von Patient_innen ist ein wichtiges Feld des pflegerischen Schmerzmanagements, in dem Informationen, Schulungen und Beratungen zum Schmerzassessment stattfinden wie auch zu medikamentösen und nicht-medikamentösen Behandlungen erfolgen. Dabei bedeutsam ist auch die Förderung des Selbstmanagements der Menschen mit Schmerzen.
Impact of Upper‐Plate Faulting on Megathrust Foreshocks: Insights From the 2014 Iquique Earthquake
Authors: Julve J. , Moreno M. , Barbot S. , Tassara A.
Published: February 2025

The role of upper‐plate faulting in the seismic cycle of large megathrust earthquakes remains poorly understood. We use quasi‐dynamic numerical simulations of seismic cycles to analyze the interaction between crustal faulting and the foreshock sequence of the 2014 Iquique (Mw 8.2) earthquake in Northern Chile. Multi‐cycle models incorporating upper‐plate faulting align better with coseismic displacements, replicating events akin to the Iquique earthquake. Upper‐plate faulting significantly influences foreshock seismicity and deformation patterns. By calibrating the average hydraulic state—varying the effective normal stress—along the megathrust with pre‐earthquake seismicity, we find that lower pore pressure ratios result in more seismicity before the mainshock. This implies that the hydraulic state of the megathrust is critical for foreshock activity. This comprehensive modeling approach underscores the importance of the mechanical interplay between the megathrust and upper‐plate faults in precursory sequences of large subduction zone earthquakes.
Vertical and horizontal bone loss following alveolar socket preservation using bone grafts and autologous platelet concentrates vs bone grafts alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Davda Shivang , Shado Rawand , Novo Pereira Ines , Madruga David , Hassan Haidar
Published: February 2025

Background

Socket preservation is a proactive approach that limits bone loss after tooth extraction to maintain adequate bone volume, height and width. Many methods have proven effective in achieving socket preservation, including using various bone grafts and autologous platelet concentrates (APCs). Combining these two methods may lead to improved results in socket preservation and patient outcomes.

Aims

To compare the combined use of APCs and bone grafts in socket preservation, with the use of bone grafts alone. Primary outcomes were radiographic vertical bone loss (VBL) and horizontal bone loss (HBL).

Methods

A search on Pubmed, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar databases was conducted to identify human studies using APCs in extraction sockets between January 2014 and August 2024. The inclusion criteria involved comparative human studies ranging from evidence levels II to III (Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence). For assessing bias in the included studies, the Cochrane Risk of Bias tools were used. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to determine the quality of evidence available.

Results

A total of five randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the analysis. Studies included the use of platelet rich fibrin (PRF), injectable platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF), advanced platelet rich fibrin (A-PRF), advanced platelet rich fibrin plus (A-PRF+) and concentrated growth factors (CGF). The risk of bias was judged high and moderate for two out of five RCTs. The analysis revealed a combined effect size for VBL reduction, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of −0.83 (p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval (CI) = [−1.2, −0.57]; I² = 73.13%). For HBL reduction, the combined effect size was SMD = −0.72 (p < 0.001; 95% CI = [−1.08, −0.37]; I² = 68.34%). The overall evidence quality rating for the use of APCs in combination with bone grafts to reduce VBL during socket preservation was assessed as moderate, whereas to reduce HBL it was determined to be low.

Conclusion

The current literature demonstrates the added benefits of APCs combined with bone grafts in alveolar socket preservation compared to bone grafts alone in reducing vertical and horizontal bone loss. However, based on the GRADE assessment, the quality of evidence was judged low-to-moderate. Further randomised clinical studies would increase the certainty of the evidence.
Deep reinforcement learning for active flow control in a turbulent separation bubble
Authors: Font Bernat , Alcántara-Ávila Francisco , Rabault Jean , Vinuesa Ricardo , Lehmkuhl Oriol
Published: February 2025

The control efficacy of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) compared with classical periodic forcing is numerically assessed for a turbulent separation bubble (TSB). We show that a control strategy learned on a coarse grid works on a fine grid as long as the coarse grid captures main flow features. This allows to significantly reduce the computational cost of DRL training in a turbulent-flow environment. On the fine grid, the periodic control is able to reduce the TSB area by 6.8%, while the DRL-based control achieves 9.0% reduction. Furthermore, the DRL agent provides a smoother control strategy while conserving momentum instantaneously. The physical analysis of the DRL control strategy reveals the production of large-scale counter-rotating vortices by adjacent actuator pairs. It is shown that the DRL agent acts on a wide range of frequencies to sustain these vortices in time. Last, we also introduce our computational fluid dynamics and DRL open-source framework suited for the next generation of exascale computing machines.
Automated identification of bulk structures, two-dimensional materials, and interfaces using symmetry-based clustering
Authors: Denell Thea , Himanen Lauri , Scheidgen Markus , Draxl Claudia
Published: February 2025

With the rapidly increasing amount of materials data being generated in a variety of projects, efficient and accurate classification of atomistic structures is essential. A current barrier to effective database queries lies in the often ambiguous, inconsistent, or completely missing classification of existing data, highlighting the need for standardized, automated, and verifiable classification methods. This work proposes a robust solution for identifying and classifying a wide spectrum of materials through an iterative technique, called symmetry-based clustering (SBC). Because SBC is not a machine learning-based method, it requires no prior training. Instead, it identifies clusters in atomistic systems by automatically recognizing common unit cells. We demonstrate the potential of SBC to provide automated, reliable classification and to reveal well-known symmetry properties of various materials. Even noisy systems are shown to be classifiable, showing the suitability of our algorithm for real-world data applications. The software implementation is provided in the open-source Python package, MatID, exploiting synergies with popular atomic-structure manipulation libraries and extending the accessibility of those libraries through the NOMAD platform.
A spatial inventory of freshwater macroinvertebrate occurrences in the Guineo-Congolian biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Akindele Emmanuel O. , Adedapo Abiodun M. , Akinpelu Oluwaseun T. , Kowobari Esther D. , Folorunso Oluwatosin C. , Fagbohun Ibrahim R. , Oladeji Tolulope A. , Aliu Olanrewaju O. , Adenola Oluwatobiloba S. , Adu Babasola W. , Arimoro Francis O. , Ogbogu Sylvester S. , Domisch Sami
Published: February 2025

The Guineo-Congolian region, extending from Guinea in West Africa to the central part of Africa, is considered an important biodiversity hotspot in the Afrotropics. Aside from the underreporting and underestimation of freshwater ecosystems, the challenges regarding incorrect coordinates and taxonomical inaccuracies in freshwater species occurrence data pose another major hurdle that may hinder freshwater conservation efforts in the hotspot. Hence, for any biogeographic analysis, species distribution modelling or conservation initiative, it is crucial to use datasets that are, to the largest possible extent, free of spatial and taxonomic errors. We present the final output of 8,809 occurrences consisting of 4 phyla, eight classes, 32 orders, and 1,104 species. We also added the Hydrography90m stream network attributes to the macroinvertebrate occurrence records, such that the data spans across 2,890 sub-catchments and Strahler stream orders 1–12. These records are considered valid and can be used for biogeographic analysis of freshwater macroinvertebrates in this important yet understudied freshwater biodiversity hotspot.
Australian compilation of seismic-derived bathymetry
Authors: Lebrec Ulysse , Paumard Victorien , Denudt Juliette , Du Réau Catherine , Lang Simon C. , Bailleul Julien
Published: February 2025

This article presents a national seismic-derived bathymetric compilation based on the integration of 253 3D seismic surveys. Individual surveys were combined to produce four regional compilations covering an area of 267,000 km2, with a spatial resolution of 30 × 30 m and a vertical accuracy of 5 m + 5%d. The production of the dataset is based on the integration of seismic survey first returns with seismic vessel echosounder measurements. Following the extraction of the depth soundings, all data points were converted from time to depth using synthetic velocity profiles and filtered to remove erroneous records. The seismic survey’s first returns were corrected using navigation depth soundings to account for geometric distortions. All depth values were reduced to WGS84 and EGM2008 datum. A comparison of the seismic-derived bathymetry with multibeam echosounder surveys suggests that where a thin layer of loose sediments overlies a lithified substratum, the seismic first return captures the top of the substratum.
LeaData a novel reference data of leather images for automatic species identification
Authors: Varghese Anjli , Jawahar Malathy , Prince A. Amalin
Published: February 2025

In the leather industry, the mammalian skins of buffalo, cow, goat, and sheep are the permissible materials for leather-making. They serve the trade of quality leather products; hence, the knowledge of animal species in leather is inevitable. The traditional identification techniques are prone to ambiguous predictions due to insufficient reference studies. Indeed, leather image analysis with big data can pave the way for automatic and objective analysis with accurate prediction. This study focuses on creating novel and unique leather image data, LeaData. The objective is to automatically determine species from grain surface analysis. Hence, it employs a simple, cheaper, handheld digital microscope for leather image acquisition. The magnifying parameter 47
$$\times$$
captures the species-unique grain patterns distributed over the leather surface. In total, the LeaData encloses 38,172 images of four species from 137 leather samples. This big data spans leather images with theoretically ideal and practically non-ideal grain patterns. It also includes images of grain patterns varying over different body parts. Thus, the novel LeaData is an adequately larger pool of leather images with diverse behavior. The motive is to establish a smart leather species identification technique that can be easily accessible by leather specialists, customs officials, and leather product manufacturers. Hence, this paper solely creates the bigger LeaData and presents its different versions to the digital image processing and computer vision research community. This digitized source of permissible leather species helps enable digitization in leather technology for species identification. In turn, in maintaining biodiversity preservation and consumer protection.
Three new species of Mesobiotus (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Sweden with an updated phylogeny of the genus
Authors: Atherton Sarah , Hulterström Jens , Guidetti Roberto , Jönsson K. Ingemar
Published: February 2025

Three new species of Mesobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) are described from Skåne County in the southernmost region of Sweden. All three species are distinguished morphologically and through differences in DNA sequences as supported by PTP and mPTP analyses. With the addition of Mesobiotus bockebodicus sp. nov., M. skanensis sp. nov., and M. zelmae sp. nov., the number of nominal species of Macrobiotidae in Sweden has increased to 26, 73% of which have been documented from Skåne. Finally, new morphological details and DNA sequences are presented for Mesobiotus emiliae, a new record is presented of M. mandalori from Sweden, and the phylogenetic relationships within the genus is reconstructed using previously published and new 18S and COI gene sequences.
Exploring the prognostic role of microbial and genetic markers in lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Fan , Jia Xiaodong , Ma Zihuan , Liu Siyao , Liu Chunzi , Chen Dan , Wang Xiuju , Qian Niansong , Ma Hui
Published: February 2025

Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, the prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients remains poor, and the potential of microbiome-based prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets remains largely unexplored. LUSC patient data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), including microbial genus level abundance data and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data, were used as a training dataset. Two other independent datasets GSE19188 and GSE157009 serve as validation datasets. A microbiome-based risk score (RS) model was constructed by univariate Cox regression analysis combined with the least absolute contraction and selection operator (LASSO) regression. 18 microbial genera were found to be significantly associated with RFS in LUSC patients. The microbial signature built with these microbial genera, exhibited robust predictive accuracy in both the training and validation datasets. Furthermore, hub mRNA between high- and low-risk groups were selected by XGBOOST and intersect with mRNAs screened by univariate Cox regression analysis, finally identifying four mRNA significantly associated with LUSC prognosis. This study reveals a complex interplay between the lung microbiome and genetic biomarkers, and identifies specific microbial-based and mRNA associated with prognosis in LUSC. These findings provide a basis for future studies aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations and provide potential biomarkers for guiding treatment decisions and improving patient outcomes.
Unique composition and evolutionary histories of large low velocity provinces
Authors: Panton James , Davies J. Huw , Koelemeijer Paula , Myhill Robert , Ritsema Jeroen
Published: February 2025

The two “large low velocity provinces” (LLVPs) are broad, low seismic wave speed anomalies in Earth’s lower mantle beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean. Recent research suggests they contain relatively dense subducted oceanic crust (SOC), but the relative concentration of this recycled material within them is an open question. Using simulations of 3-D global mantle circulation over the past 1 Gyr, we find that two antipodal LLVPs develop naturally as a consequence of Earth’s recent subduction history and the gravitational settling and stirring of SOC. Shear-wave velocity reductions in the two LLVPs are similar due to the dominating influence of temperature over composition. However, the formation histories are distinct. Circum-Pacific subduction of oceanic lithosphere has continuously replenished the Pacific LLVP with relatively young SOC since 300 Ma, while the African LLVP comprises older, well-mixed material. Our models suggest the Pacific LLVP stores up to 53% more SOC produced in the last 1.2 Gyr than the African LLVP, potentially making the Pacific domain denser and less buoyant.
Real world federated learning with a knowledge distilled transformer for cardiac CT imaging
Authors: Tölle Malte , Garthe Philipp , Scherer Clemens , Seliger Jan Moritz , Leha Andreas , Krüger Nina , Simm Stefan , Martin Simon , Eble Sebastian , Kelm Halvar , Bednorz Moritz , André Florian , Bannas Peter , Diller Gerhard , Frey Norbert , Groß Stefan , Hennemuth Anja , Kaderali Lars , Meyer Alexander , Nagel Eike , Orwat Stefan , Seiffert Moritz , Friede Tim , Seidler Tim , Engelhardt Sandy
Published: February 2025

Federated learning is a renowned technique for utilizing decentralized data while preserving privacy. However, real-world applications often face challenges like partially labeled datasets, where only a few locations have certain expert annotations, leaving large portions of unlabeled data unused. Leveraging these could enhance transformer architectures’ ability in regimes with small and diversely annotated sets. We conduct the largest federated cardiac CT analysis to date (n = 8, 104) in a real-world setting across eight hospitals. Our two-step semi-supervised strategy distills knowledge from task-specific CNNs into a transformer. First, CNNs predict on unlabeled data per label type and then the transformer learns from these predictions with label-specific heads. This improves predictive accuracy and enables simultaneous learning of all partial labels across the federation, and outperforms UNet-based models in generalizability on downstream tasks. Code and model weights are made openly available for leveraging future cardiac CT analysis.
Liquid-crystalline nanostructured membranes for CO2 separation
Authors: Kato Takashi , Imamura Kazushi , Sakamoto Takeshi , Hoshino Yu
Published: February 2025

Self-organized subnanoporous membranes prepared from ionic liquid-crystalline compounds exhibit CO2 separation properties in humid conditions.
Some basics and details for better dual-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Wenhao , Li Libo , Zhao Yangmingyue , Li Suo , Yang Hang , Tong Hao , Wang Zhixuan
Published: February 2025

Our work provides an overview of dual-ion batteries, focusing on interface engineering and stable electrolytes. We emphasize the potential of CEI and electrolyte design for DIB technology's application in safety and performance.
A systematic study for predicting the performance of forward osmosis desalination using commercial low-cost superabsorber polymer (SAP) hydrogels as draw agents: water flux enhancement by tailoring process parameters
Authors: Omar Waid , Palloks Sarah , Zhang Huan , Pollard Michael , Saravia Florencia , Wilhelm Manfred
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the potential of using low-cost commercial superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) as draw agents in a hydrogel-driven forward osmosis (FO) desalination process.
Effect of a scramblase activator upon scrambling and membrane domain formation in HEK293T cells.
Authors: Kakuda Shinako , London Erwin
Published: February 2025

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Identification and efficacy of anti-allergic peptides from phycocyanin hydrolysate
Authors: Dai Jing , Ahmed Ishfaq , Yin Hailing , Xu Guojing , Zhang Zongyu , Lv Liangtao
Published: February 2025

Phycocyanin (PC) was isolated, purified and identified as containing anti-allergic peptides, which could significantly inhibit the release of IgE-mediated β-hexosaminidase and histamine.
Accuracy enhancement of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using a combination of a confinement ring and quadrupole discharge arc
Authors: Yu Kaiqiang , Ren Yeping , Liu Xiaodong , Yang Xiaoning , Sun Haohan , Li An , Wu Yumei , Ding Caihao , Wang Xianshuang , Liu Ruibin
Published: February 2025

(a) Comparison of spectral intensities, (b) RSD, and (c) SNR for the characteristic peak lines of Ca and C under different conditions. (d) Comparison of electron number density and plasma temperature under different conditions.
Assessing the properties of protein foams as an alternative absorbent core layer in disposable sanitary pads
Authors: Latras Athanasios , Bettelli Mercedes A. , Pereira Pamela F. M. , Jiménez-Quero Amparo , Hedenqvist Mikael S. , Capezza Antonio J.
Published: February 2025

Developing biodegradable menstrual products using co-stream proteins as a material alternative to fossil counterparts presents a significant environmental advantage across their entire value chain.
Stabilizing low symmetry-based functions of materials at room temperature through isosymmetric electronic bistability
Authors: Valverde-Muñoz Francisco Javier , Torres Ramírez Ricardo Guillermo , Trzop Elzbieta , Bataille Thierry , Daro Nathalie , Denux Dominique , Guionneau Philippe , Cailleau Hervé , Chastanet Guillaume , Le Guennic Boris , Collet Eric
Published: February 2025

We report on an unusual freezing of molecular positions upon heating. Such ascending symmetry-breaking phenomena pave the way to high-temperature applications of devices based on ferroelectric, ferroelastic or ferromagnetic functions of materials.
Cuprous iodide implanted in hot-water-soluble-starch coating of ferrite nanoparticles: efficient catalysts for on-water click synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Rezapour Mousavi Seyyed Mohammad , Rad-Moghadam Kurosh
Published: February 2025

Conglomerates of CuI nanoparticles combined with Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were obtained using hot-water-soluble starch (HWSS) as a green adhesive possessing a strong complexing affinity for both the ferrites and CuI nanoparticles.
hBN/TiO2 water-based nanolubricants: a solution for stick–slip mitigation in tribological applications
Authors: Morshed Afshana , Lin Fei , Wu Hui , Xing Zhao , Jiao Sihai , Hasan Md Mahadi , Jiang Zhengyi
Published: February 2025

Stick–slip phenomenon can be significantly reduced with the application of hBN/TiO2 water-based lubricants during sliding process, where hBN/TiO2 participates in trapping wear debris and forming well-distributed tribofilms between the contact zones.
A dual-state emission triphenylamine-based polymer with donor–acceptor–donor structural arrangement: facile synthesis and efficient selective detection of TNT based on fluorescence “turn-off”
Authors: Zhong Chi , Wu Ziqi , Mao Yangqing , Zhao Bing , Sun Yi , Zheng Min , Zhou Mingru , Chang Guanjun , Xu Yewei
Published: February 2025

A novel donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) polymer, named poly(triphenylamine sulfone) (PTPAS), incorporating a triphenylamine group as the donor and a sulfone group as the acceptor, has been designed and synthesized.
Non-nuclear localization signal-guided CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins for translocation and gene editing via apoferritin delivery vectors
Authors: Sun Peng , Wang Shiping , Yan Qi , Zeng Jia , Wu Zhenghong , Qi Xiaole
Published: February 2025

Apoferritin delivery vectors demonstrated non-nuclear localization signal-guided CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins for translocation and gene editing.
Influence of metal doping on the coke formation of a novel hierarchical HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst in the conversion of 1-propanol to fuel blendstock
Authors: Anekwe Ifeanyi Michael Smarte , Isa Yusuf Makarfi
Published: February 2025

In this work, the effect of Ni doping on coke formation and the activity of a novel hierarchical HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst in the conversion of 1-propanol to fuel blends was investigated.
Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of new bisphosphonate–betulin conjugates and preliminary evaluation of their cytotoxic activity
Authors: Kozicka Dominika , Krześniak Małgorzata , Grymel Mirosława , Adamek Jakub , Łasut-Szyszka Barbara , Cichoń Tomasz , Kuźnik Anna
Published: February 2025

A protocol for the ultrasound-assisted synthesis of new biologically active betulin–bisphosphonate conjugates in friendly reaction conditions was reported.
Exploiting in situ NMR spectroscopy to understand non-traditional methods for zeolite synthesis
Authors: Kelly Nicole L. , Borthwick Emma A. L. , Lawrence Gaynor B. , Wheatley Paul S. , Hughes Colan E. , Harris Kenneth D. M. , Morris Russell E. , Ashbrook Sharon E.
Published: February 2025

Kinetic and mechanistic aspects of the intercalation step in non-traditional zeolite synthesis are studied using simultaneous liquid- and solid-state in situ NMR spectroscopy of isotopically enriched materials.
Flux synthesis of single crystal bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) nanowires and their visible light driven photocatalytic water oxidation properties
Authors: Xiao Chengcan , Assavachin Samutr , Hahn William , Wang Li , van Benthem Klaus , Osterloh Frank E.
Published: February 2025

Single crystalline nanowires can be obtained by recrystallization of BiVO4 microparticles from a NaVO3 flux. The wires promote the photocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction with an apparent quantum efficiency of 0.44% at 405 nm.
A fast, efficient and reversible approach to enhance the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube films
Authors: Yin Changsheng , Hu Ruiwen , Mao Xiaolu , Cai Chunli , Li Xuhuan , Shen Xiaodong , Xin Wenbo
Published: February 2025

The modification of carbon nanotube (CNT) films is of great significance for improving their performance and expanding their applications.
Efficient hysteresis characterization and prediction in 3D‐printed magnetic materials using deep learning
Authors: Lo Giudice Michele , Salvini Alessandro , Stella Marco , Sargeni Fausto , Licciardi Silvia , Ala Guido , Romano Pietro , Bertolini Vittorio , Faba Antonio
Published: February 2025

This research proposes a data processing pipeline employing Fourier analysis and deep neural networks to replicate the phenomenon of magnetic hysteresis, in particular frequency components derived from experimental data gathered using a newly developed 3D‐printed material. The characterisation of hysteresis is essential for enhancing material performance and constructing precise models to anticipate material behaviour under diverse operating circumstances, especially in 3D‐printed materials where properties can be meticulously regulated to ensure successful applications. The experimental signals were used for training and testing a neural network, exploiting Fourier coefficients to condense signals into the frequency components. This compression extracts fewer parameters and thus reduces and optimises the resources required by the neural network. It also improves the generalisation performance of the model, allowing it to make more accurate predictions on unseen data. This therefore optimises traditional modelling that requires a complete representation of hysteresis loops in the time domain, which must be addressed with the use of complex neural networks and large datasets. The experimental results show lower computational costs during the prediction process and a smaller memory footprint. Furthermore, the proposed model is easily adaptable for the loss estimation in different types of materials and input signals.
MINCE III. Detailed chemical analysis of the UVES sample
Authors: Lucertini F. , Sbordone L. , Caffau E. , Bonifacio P. , Monaco L. , Cescutti G. , Lallement R. , François P. , Spitoni E. , Hansen C.J. , Korn A.J. , Kučinskas A. , Mucciarelli A. , Magrini L. , Lombardo L. , Franchini M. , de Melo R.F.
Published: February 2025

The Measuring at Intermediate Metallicity Neutron-Capture Elements (MINCE) project aims to provide high-quality neutron-capture abundances measurements for several hundred stars at an intermediate metallicity of -2.5 < Fe/H $<-1.5$. This project will shed light on the origin of the neutron-capture elements and the chemical enrichment of the Milky Way. The goal of this work is to chemically characterize the second sample of the MINCE project and compare the abundances with the galactic chemical evolution model at our disposal. We performed a standard abundance analysis based on one-dimensional (1D) local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) model atmospheres based on high-resolution and high-signal-to-noise-ratio (S/N) spectra from Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) . We provide the kinematic classification (i.e., thin disk, thick disk, thin-to-thick disk, halo, Gaia Sausage Enceladus, Sequoia) of 99 stars and the atmospheric parameters for almost all stars. We derived the abundances for light elements (from Na to Zn) and neutron-capture elements (Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Eu) for a subsample of 32 stars in the metallicity range of -2.5 < Fe/H $< -1.00$. In the subsample of 32 stars, we identified eight active stars exhibiting (inverse) P-Cygni profile and one Li-rich star, CD,28-11039. We find a general agreement between the chemical abundances and the stochastic model computed for the chemical evolution of the Milky Way halo for elements Mg, Ca, Si, Ti, Sc, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, La, and Eu . The MINCE project has already significantly increased the number of neutron-capture elements measurements in the intermediate metallicity range. The results from this sample are in perfect agreement with the previous MINCE sample. The good agreement between the chemical abundances and the chemical evolution model of the Galaxy supports the nucleosynthetic processes adopted to describe the origin of the n-capture elements.
Does Social Capital Affect Farming Production?: A Case Study of Pulu Mandoti Emas Rice Farmers in South Sulawesi
Authors: Saputra Muhammad Taufik , Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo , Rohmah Fathkiyah
Published: February 2025

The sustainability of traditional Pulu Mandoti Emas (PME) rice farming in Salukanan Village, South Sulawesi, Indonesia relies on the unique qualities and indigenous cultivation techniques of the farmer. Social capital of the farmers serves as a network of relationships, trust, and shared norms between PME farmers that is crucial for sustaining the cultivation of PME rice. The objectives of this article are to investigate social capital of PME paddy farmers in Salukanan Village and other factors affecting PME farming production. The structural and cognitive dimensions of social capital of 64 selected farmers were observed and analyzed using multiple regression which employs descriptive method to examine farmers’ bonding and bridging social capital, social and institutional trust, and norms of reciprocity. The multiple regression analysis and the Cobb-Douglas production function revealed that, in addition to land use, bonding and bridging social capital, also institutional trust has a positive impact on PME rice production. The continuous exchange of information among farmers regarding cultivation outcomes and PME farming practices is essential for enhancing production and promoting sustainable farming practices. Furthermore, local governments’ supports through subsidy policies, combined with effective communication, can significantly bolster these cultivation activities, ensuring the long-term success of PME farming.
Towards Ecological and Social Balance: Balanced Management for The Conservation of Bilih Fish (Mystacoleusus Padangensis Bleeker) in Singkarak Lake
Authors: Nadjib Mochammad , Hidayatina Achsanah , Hadiarto Agus , Mulyaningsih Yani , Thoha Mahmud
Published: February 2025

Symptoms of over exploitation in bilih fish (Mystacoleusus padangensis Bleeker) fishing in Singkarak Lake are indicated by a decline in population and the decreasing size of caught fish. To prevent over exploitation, management of the lake area and its resources, especially bilih fish, is needed so that it can be utilized sustainably. This article is written comprehensively to provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities faced in maintaining the sustainability of bilih fish in Singkarak Lake. In addition, a balanced management approach is presented that integrates ecological and social aspects as an alternative solution for the conservation of bilih fish in the Singkarak Lake aquatic ecosystem. Data were obtained through literature studies and analysis of various information sources related to fisheries management and bilih fish conservation in Singkarak Lake. Primary data were obtained through direct observation and interviews with stakeholders. The important finding in this article is the need for an Adaptive Collaborative Management approach in the management of lake aquatic ecosystems for the conservation of bilih fish. Adaptive Collaborative Management is an approach that emphasizes the importance of collaboration between various stakeholders.
Effect of Heating and Soaking Time with KNO3 on Breaking Dormancy of Oil Palm Seeds (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Authors: Zuanda Hasibuan Azhar , Adistya Putri Halida , Natalia Purba Fransiska
Published: February 2025

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the plants that has a long dormancy period for germination because it has a thick and hard shell. Breaking dormancy is needed for seed production, so that it can accelerate the process of oil palm germination. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of various heating durations and KNO3 concentrations on the germination of oil palm seeds. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Politeknik Kelapa Sawit Citra Widya Edukasi, the research time was in February 2024–May 2024. The treatments were arranged factorially with two factors in a completely randomized design. The first factor is the duration of heating at 40oC which consists of four levels namely: 20 days, 30 days, 40 days, and 50 days. Furthermore, soaking with KNO3 for 24 hours was carried out according to the treatment, namely at concentrations of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%. The variables observed were the percentage of germination, maximum growth potential, and sprout emergence time. The results showed that the combination of heating duration and KNO3 soaking can break dormancy in oil palm seeds. The treatment of 40 days heating time and 0.4% KNO3 soaking is the best treatment for sprout emergence time (on day 20), germination percentage (55.56%), and maximum growth potential (77.78%).
Morphological variability, heritability and genetic advancement in F2 sorghum lines
Authors: Herawati  , Irmadamayanti Andi , Jihad Muhammad , Rahman  , Suwardi  , Nurini Andayani Nining , Aqil Muhammad , Efendi Roy , Azrai Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Evaluating genetic advancement is particularly important in sorghum breeding programs through selective processes. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological diversity and genetic parameters of 32 F2 sorghum genotypes, focusing on traits with high heritability and significant correlations with kernel weight per panicle. The research was conducted at the BPSI Cereals Experiment Station in Maros, South Sulawesi, from December 2023 to March 2024. A randomized block design with two replications was used to plant 32 genotypes (Gen-4 to Gen-64) in 4-meter rows with 70 cm x 20 cm spacing. Results The evaluation of 32 F2 sorghum genotypes revealed significant genetic advancements, particularly in traits with high heritability and positive correlations with kernel weight per panicle. Genotype Gen-48 exhibited the highest kernel weight per panicle, with notable plant height, stem diameter, panicle length, and biomass. Traits such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf angle, kernel weight per panicle, 100-kernel weight, panicle length, panicle width, panicle circumference, panicle weight, biomass, panicle density, and panicle length-width ratio demonstrated high heritability and genetic advance. In addition, it significantly correlates positively with grain yield, including plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, panicle length, panicle circumference, panicle width, panicle weight, weight of 100 kernels, and biomass.
Genotype x Environment Effect and Genetic Parameter Estimates of Grain Yield and Yield Related Components of F7 Javanica Black Rice Lines
Authors: Suprayogi Yogi , Oktaviani Eka , Prihatiningsih Nur , Riyanto Agus , Nugraha Dafa Garin , Koresa Abhita Daffa , Susanto Untung
Published: February 2025

Breeding for aromatic black rice was carried out to develop high yielding aromatic fluffy black rice variety. The objectives of this study were to determine: genotype x environment (GXE) effect and the genetic parameter estimates of grain yield and yield related components, the yield components which have direct contribution to grain yield, and the most prospective black rice lines for variety release. Six F7 black rice lines along with the two parental varieties, Menthikwangi and local Black Rice, were grown at two separate growing environments, Ajibarang and Kemangkon, both in Central Java, Indonesia. In each environment, plots were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCDB) with three replicates. The result demonstrated significant GxE effect on grain yield and yield related components. The Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation, Genotypic Coefficient of Variation, and Genetic Advance of grain yield, both in the Kemangkon and Ajibarang, showed a diverse result. Grain yield is determined directly by productive tiller number, tiller number, grain weight per hill and grain number per panicle. Only grain number per panicle that has direct contribution to grain yield per hectare. Black rice breeding lines of PHMW2, PHMW4 and PHMW5 are prospective to be proposed for variety release.
Combing of early maturity and aromatic traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.): A review
Authors: Mokhaer Alkhader , DH Totok , Suprayogi  , Riyanto Agnès , Oktaviani Eka , Akol Bashy
Published: February 2025

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food crop in Indonesia, and it’s still highly consumed, indicating that its daily nutrient uptake relies on its grain. Flowering time of Rice is a crucial agronomic trait for seed production. It is mainly controlled by genes associated with photoperiod sensitivity, particularly in short-day plants. Aromatic or fragrant Rice is considered the best quality due to its desirable characteristics and global identity. The volatile compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) is recognized as a vital component of the aroma of fragrant Rice. The variation in grain 2AP content among fragrant varieties is associated with the expression of the badh2 gene, with 19 alleles identified. This review paper focuses on the genetics of early maturity of aromatic traits, variability of both early and aromatic characteristics simultaneously.
Comparison of agronomic characteristics protani rice in three different locations
Authors: Rayhan Muhammad , Agung Dwi Haryanto Totok , Naila Khusna Syarifah Risqa , Riyanto Agus , Susanti Dyah
Published: February 2025

Rice is a major food crop that produces rice, the staple food for the majority of Indonesia’s population and more than half of the world’s population, rice holds a special value for communities that consume it regularly, such as in Indonesia, but production in 2023 is estimated to decrease by 1.12 million tons. This study aims to assess the influence of location on the agronomic characteristics of the Protani rice in various locations, and to determine the stability of interrelation patern among characters as response to different locations. The research method used is a survey with observations of the surrounding environmental conditions and sampling of harvest-ready plants along with other supporting data. The conclusion it that different locations affect the agronomic characteristics of Protani rice, with the best results found in Purbalingga Regency. Additionally, the Interrelation patterns of Protani rice in response to varying environmental conditions remain unstable for most variables, with only the grain weight per panicle showing stability. The contribution gained from this research is that it can serve as a reference for developing plant varieties that are adaptive to various environmental conditions and helps in assessing the yield potential of Protani rice crops.
Growth production and color segregation on the plants and seeds of F2-F3 generations selected from population derived from crossing yellow and purple corn
Authors: Halimi E.S. , Marlina  , Adriansyah Fikri , Maharani  , Anwar Khoirul , Jannah Miftahul , Kirana Arsya F.
Published: February 2025

Purple-corn becomes more popular as a functional food. This research was to develop superior purple-corn varieties. Series of research were carried out in 2021-2023 at Research Station and with cooperation with farmer near Campus Universitas Sriwijaya. In crossing, purple-corn was used as male parent to produce F1-seeds and resulted in F2-seed consisted of 4 purple-coloration of dark-purple, purple, yellowish-purple, and purpleish-yellow. Later on, research only utilized those F2-seeds having dark-purple. Dual-planting system was used to produce fresh-boiled corncob and dry-corn kernel. The F2-plants showed normal growth with plant heights of 244.63-258.87 cm; ear position at 104.97-113.23 cm; and anthesis at 54-56 days. Fresh-weight of fresh corncob harvested at 84 days reached 155.19-160.79 g, and dry-corn-kernel weight, harvested at 109 days reached 128.60-147.78 g/plant. The accessions, in general showed good potential to be candidate for open-pollinated varieties of purple-corn, which included purple-kernel corn, purple-baby corn and purple-boiled corncob varieties. Most F2-plants produced dark-purple and purple kernel and cob that corresponded to purple coloration of the plant, especially purple-line coloration on the leaf. Plants segregation that produced yellow and white-kernel of F3-seeds were about 2.63-23.07%. Further selection program, to minimize purple-kernel segregation was still needed especially for UJ1U accession.
Report Of Powdery Mildew Disease Condition on Chasew in Nigeria
Authors: Adeniyi Dele O. , Mneney Emmarold E. , Majune Dadili J.
Published: February 2025

Cashew is an economic crop of export and livelihood sustenance for households in Nigeria. It is grown in more than 20 states in Nigeria but its productivity is limited by moribund farms, interlocking canopies, nutrient depleted soils, low yielding genotypes, attack of insects and diseases. These have resulted into decline production and poor quality of raw nuts and kernels. Priorly, powdery mildew was not a major disease on cashew but its emergence is assuming a major concern for growers in Nigeria. Survey of diseases on cashew farms was carried out in 2023/2024 during flowering and fruiting season, in selected farming communities which are major producing areas in Nigeria. Cashew parts; leaves, inflorescence, apples and nuts were examined using a 1m quadrant on East and West sides of the trees and diseases were documented based on symptoms on the parts. Expression of mildew disease conditions on cashew leaves, flowers, nuts and apples were of emerging status in Nigeria. Cashew parts showing typical symptoms of powdery mildew disease (grey or white dust on surface of infected panicles, flowers, fruits, leaves, coarse and cracking of apples were observed in study farms. Disease situation was common and similar in many farms in Nigeria. Despite the negative impact of mildew and potential effect to lower nut yields and quality, there are scare information on current infection status and management strategies in Nigeria. Future studies will examine prevalence patterns and timing of pathogen onset as a pointer to develop management measures.
Isolation and characterization of potential amylolytic, proteolytic, gelatinolytic and chitinolytic properties in bacterial antagonists obtained from chilli plants (Colletotrichum spp.)
Authors: Tarigan Rasiska , Lisnawita Lisnawita , Tantawi A.R. , Hermanto Catur
Published: February 2025

Several bacteria are found to be potential as antagonists due to their capacity in producing extracellular enzymes amylase, protease, gelatinase, cellulose and chitinase. In this research, we collected bacteria from both healthy and anthracnose-infecting chili plants (root, stem and leaf). The results revealed that 27 bacterial isolates are non-pathogenic and non-hemolytic to plants, which are 10 bacteria isolated from roots, 8 bacteria isolated from leaves, 7 bacteria isolated from stems and 2 bacteria isolated from fruits. Morphology identification showed that most of non-pathogenic bacteria are circular, irregular and punctiform, with elevation flat, raised and umbonate. White and milky bacteria are dominant, with varied opacity (transparent, translucent and opaque) and textures (slimy, mucoid, shiny and dry). Enzymatic activity test revealed 11 isolates produced protease, amylase and chitinase enzymes (isolates 11, 34, 42, 48, 111,118, 139, 188, 215, 216 and 218).
Exploration and Potential Test of Fungi Remediator of Lead and Cadmium in Shallot Cultivation in Brebes Regency
Authors: Herliana Okti , Cahyani Wilis , Fauzi Ahmad , Rostaman  , Raharjo Hardi Rahmat , Annisa Mutiara
Published: February 2025

Fungi have the ability to convert toxic substances into simple substances that are environmentally friendly. This study aims to explore and identify fungi in shallots rhizosphere in Brebes Regency, to test the ability of fungi from exploration in remediation of lead and cadmium contamination, and to test the effect of fungi applications on the growth of rice seeds. The collected isolates were macroscopically and microscopically identified. The fungal resistance was tested in the PDA media with concentrations of Pb and Cd in 5, 10, 25, and 50 ppm. The remediation capability was assessed using the Randomize Complete Design in 100 to 200 ppm of Pb and 25 to 50 ppm of Cd. The effect of fungi applications on rice seeds was tested in vitro. The study has found seven fungi isolates from four different genera, namely, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium, & Curvularia. The seven fungi are known to be resistant to all concentrations of Pb and Cd. The results of the heavy metal remediation ability test by selected fungi obtained the highest weight E value of 30%, 24%, & 38% on Pb metals and 71%, 73%, & 75% on Cd metals and potentially as bioremediation agents of Pb and Cd.
Potential of Rhizospheric Bacteria for Increasing Growth and Yield of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) in Saline Soil
Authors: Ayu Lutfiani Amalia Dwi , Hasnah Qurata A’yun Siti , Nur Ardian Maulana , Purwanto
Published: February 2025

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are the primary agricultural commodity in Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Due to the escalating demand for shallots, it is necessary to consider land expansion to accommodate this increased need, particularly extending to areas near coastal areas. However, shallot production near the coastal areas is still non-optimal compared to inland areas due to salinity with high osmotic pressure. Biological fertilizers containing saline-resistant microorganisms that can produce plant growth hormones and assist plants in absorbing nutrients are a promising solution to this issue. These microorganisms belong to the PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) group. It was reported that PGPR bacteria can produce exopolysaccharides, which lead to the formation and production of osmoprotectant biofilms and antioxidant enzymes, significantly stimulating plant growth in saline soils. In addition, several properties of PGPR bacteria can stimulate plant growth by increasing nutrient availability and growth hormone production, which can simultaneously improve the quality of plant growth. Therefore, this review will highlight the survival mechanisms of saline-resistant bacteria, their influence on increasing plant growth in saline fields, and their bacterial identities.