bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectral Sensitivity of Color Mechanisms: Derivation from Fluctuations of Color Appearance near Threshold
Authors: Krauskopf John , Srebro Richard
Published: October 2006

A method for determining the spectral sensitivity of the different color mechanisms of the human eye uses the pattern of color names applied to small, brief, dim, monochromatic flashes. Such responses are often due to the activation of single neural units. Preliminary spectral sensitivity curves for two color mechanisms have been obtained.
Differential Classical Conditioning: Verbalization of Stimulus Contingencies
Authors: Fuhrer Marcus J. , Baer Paul E.
Published: October 2006

The verbal activity of female subjects undergoing differential classical conditioning was investigated through their verbal reports between conditioning trials and interviews with them after conditioning. Conditional differentiation in galvanic skin responses occurred only in the group of subjects who accurately verbalized the stimulus contingencies.
Steroid Stimulation of Beating of Cultured Rat-Heart Cells
Authors: McCari Richard L. , Szuhaj Bernard F. , Houlihan Rodney T.
Published: October 2006

The addition of cortisol acetate and deoxycorticosterone acetate to cultured heart cells from rats, 4 to 6 days old, stimulated and prolonged beating. Protein synthesis was slowed down in the presence of steroids. Addition of steroids to cells that had stopped beating caused the reestablishment of the beat.
Sterols and Temperature Tolerance in the Fungus
Pythium
Authors: Haskins R. H.
Published: October 2006

A fungus of
Pythium
species survives high and low temperatures longer when a suitable sterol is added to the growth medium.
Oxygen Consumption Rate and Electroencephalographic Stage of Sleep
Authors: Brebbia D. Robert , Altshuler Kenneth Z.
Published: October 2006

In five male subjects, and a total of 15 man-nights, oxygen consumption rate (
V

O
2

) was related to stage of sleep, as defined by electroencephalograms. Gross periodic variations which paralleled change in stage of sleep were discernible in analogue metabolic records. Computations revealed significant differences (
P
< .01) between all stages with
V

O
2

highest in stage I REM (dreaming sleep), least in stages III and IV (deep sleep), and intermediate in stage II (light sleep).
Judgments of Sameness and Difference: Experiments on Decision Time
Authors: Bindra Dalbir , Williams Judith A. , Wise Jack S.
Published: October 2006

When asked to judge whether two stimuli (tones) were the "same" or "different," subjects took longer to decide that two identical stimuli were the same than to decide that two dissimilar stimuli were different. Thus these judgments are not equivalent obverse aspects of a unitary judgmental process. While decision theory can be extended to deal with the obtained data, a model based on an analogy with a statistical computer is more directly applicable.
Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozyme Patterns of Human Platelets and Bovine Lens Fibers
Authors: Vesell Elliot S.
Published: October 2006

Human platelets and bovine lens fibers contain lactate dehydrogenase-3 (LDH-3) as the predominant isozyme but only very faint traces of LDH-5. Since the platelets and lens fibers, like mature human erythrocytes, lack a nucleus, the results strengthen the case for a previously developed association between LDH-5 and the cell nucleus. These three cell types are mainly anaerobic, and therefore their isozyme patterns are incompatible with the theory that anaerobic tissues exhibit predominantly LDH-5 and aerobic tissues mainly LDH-1.
Centrifugal Homogenizer
Authors: Gregg James H.
Published: October 2006

Tissue can be homogenized in conventional ground-glass tissue grinders in conjunction with centrifugation. The method may be of special value for separating soluble from insoluble material during homogenization of tissue. As yet only yeast cells and spores of slime mold have been homogenized, but the method may be useful for many tissues.
Humoral Mediation of Radiation-Induced Motivation in Parabiont Rats
Authors: Hunt Edward L. , Carroll Harold W. , Kimeldorf Donald J.
Published: October 2006

Parabiont rat pairs with a skin-vascular anastomosis were used to test for a radiation-induced transferable humoral factor which would motivate aversive conditioning in a nonirradiated (shielded) recipient. The shielded partner, by tasting saccharin-flavored fluid shortly after its partner was x-irradiated (360 roentgens), was aversively conditioned to saccharin. This was interpreted as evidence for a humoral motivating factor.
Pesticide Residues in Total-Diet Samples
Authors: Duggan R. E. , Barry H. C. , Johnson L. Y.
Published: October 2006

Small amounts of pesticide residues were found in food samples from 18 markets consisting of 82 foods collected from three different geographical areas. The samples were separated into twelve similar classes of foods, made ready to eat, and analyzed by methods capable of detecting small quantities of 50 common pesticide chemicals.
Abscisin II: Inhibitory Effect on Flower Induction in a Long-Day Plant
Authors: Evans L. T.
Published: October 2006

The flowering response by plants of
Lolium temulentum
after exposure to 1 long day was significantly reduced by single applications of abscisin II to the leaves or near the shoot apex. The time course of this inhibitory effect suggests that abscisin II acts at the shoot apex when the floral stimulus arrives there.
Mobility of the Hydrated Electron
Authors: Schmidt Klaus H. , Buck Warren L.
Published: October 2006

The transient change in conductivity in diluted barium hydroxide solutions during and immediately after irradiation with single pulses of electrons from a 15-million-electron-volt linear accelerator was measured. Ionic mobility of the radiation-produced hydrated electrons was 1.84 × 10
-3
cm
-2
volt
-1
sec
-1
± 10 percent. This value corresponds to a diffusion constant of 4.75 × 10
-5
cm
2
sec
-1
.
New Symbols for the Amino Acid Residues of Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Wellner Daniel , Meister Alton
Published: October 2006

A system of symbols for the amino acid residues of proteins and peptides is proposed. The symbols convey immediate meaning in chemical terms and therefore allow rapid recognition of the distribution and frequency of occurrence of the various functional groups. The system is readily adaptable to description of new amino acids and amino acid modifications.
Chromosome Complement: A Fertile Hybrid between
Equus priewalskii
and
Equus caballus
Authors: Koulischer Lucien , Frechkop Serge
Published: October 2006

At the Zoological Garden of Antwerp it has been proved that when
Equus prjewalskii
is crossed with
E. caballus
the offspring is fertile. As expected, its diploid chromosome number is 65. The morphological differences between the parental and the offspring karyotypes are not great; therefore, meiosis in the hybrid was successfully achieved.
Calcite Deposition during Shell Repair by the Aragonitic Gastropod
Murex fulvescens
Authors: Muzii E. O. , Catherine H. , Skinner W.
Published: October 2006

Shell repair was induced by coating the inner surfaces of gastropod shells with nail polish. In aragonitic gastropods initial deposition on the nail-polish membrane was of aragonite spherulites and, in one species, polygonal calcite crystals; later the normal crossed-lamellar structure of the shell was restored.
DNA Content of a Chromosome of
Trillium erectum
: Effect of Cold Treatment
Authors: Woodard John , Gorovsky Martin , Swift Hewson
Published: October 2006

The DNA (Feulgen) contents of a specific cold-treated (3°C) chromosome and of a control (25°C) were measured by means of photographic-plate microdensitometry. Despite marked morphological alterations in the cold-treated B chromosome of
Trillium erectum
, its DNA content was unchanged from that of the control.
Anticholinesterase-Induced Amnesia and Its Temporal Aspects
Authors: Deutsch J. A. , Hamburg M. D. , Dahl H.
Published: October 2006

Injection of the anticholinesterase drug diisopropyl fluorophosphate into the hippocampi of rats, 30 minutes after escape learning, produces partial amnesia with full recovery 5 days after injection. No such amnesia is produced if the injection takes place 3 days after learning. However, with injections 5 days after learning there is again an effect, and at 14 days amnesia is complete though no normal forgetting occurs within this period.
Synthetic Myosin Filaments
Authors: Kaminer Benjamin , Bell Allen L.
Published: October 2006

A stable preparation of myosin filaments was formed in a medium at
p
H 8.0. The filament length varied from 0.2 to 0.5 micron. Most of the material sedimented at 21
S
, but there was a minor peak (due to monomer) at 6.8
S
. The filaments did not taper and had large bulbous irregularities at the ends.
Liquid Water in Frozen Tissue: Study by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Sussman M. V. , Chin L.
Published: October 2006

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to examine the behavior and extent of liquid water in postrigor-frozen tissue of cod at temperatures below 0°C. A liquid-water phase persists in the tissue down to about -70°C; the extent of the phase decreases rapidly between 0° and -10°C and slowly at lower temperatures. That the NMR absorption peak of the liquid water increases in width, with decreasing temperature, suggests loss of mobility or structuring of the phase. A technique for introducing geometrically uniform cores of muscle into the probe of the high-resolution spectrometer permits quantitative determinations of liquid water.
Light Sense in Nematodes
Authors: Wilson Peter A. G.
Published: October 2006

The stimulating effect of daylight on the oxygen uptake of the infective larvae of
Haemonchus contortus
and
Nippostrongylus basiliensis
, measured at constant temperature, provides the first proof of a dermal light sense in the Nematoda.
Nippostrongylus
larvae are less sensitive than those of
Haemonchus
and require very high light intensities before a significant effect can be detected.
Salt Transport Organelle in
Artemia salenis
(Brine Shrimp)
Authors: Copeland Eugene
Published: October 2006

The branchiae of
Artemia
adapted to triple-strength sea water (105 per mil salinity) were studied with the electron microscope. The epithelial lining of the metepipodite segment possesses organelles composed of stacks of disc-shaped mitochondria interlaced with flattened extensions of a canalicular system that in turn communicates with the plasma-bound surface of the cells. The distance between the canalicular and mitochondrial membranes is small and quite constant. The marked similarity to "mitochondrial pumps" in the anal papillae of mosquito larvae suggests that the organelle is concerned with salt transport.
Correction to One of MacArthur's Species-Abundance Formulas
Authors: Pielou E. C. , Arnason A. Neil
Published: October 2006

The expected relative abundances of the commoner species in a biological population are less if the niches are overlapping than if they are non-overlapping. MacArthur's mathematical arguments, which lead to the opposite conclusion, are incorrect.
Synchronization of Mammalian Cells with Tritiated Thymidine
Authors: Whitmore G. F. , Gulyas S.
Published: October 2006

Short exposures of mammalian cells to tritiated thymidine of high specific activity destroys the proliferative capacity of mammalian cells. Since the killing is limited to cells that have synthesized DNA in the presence of the labeled compound, an exposure duration of less than one generation can yield a synchronized population.
Imidonitrogen in
Chlorella
"Polyphosphate"
Authors: Correll David L.
Published: October 2006

"Polyphosphate" and fragments isolated from acid hydrolysis of polyphosphate have an infrared absorption band at 1400 cm
-1
, which is characteristic of imidodiphosphate linkages. Complete hydrolysis of purified "polyphosphate" releases 1 to 2 moles of phosphate per mole of ammonia. The polymer must contain subunits which are cyclic and which contain both imidodiphosphate linkages and phosphate anhydride linkages.
Catecholamine Concentrations: Changes in Plasma of Rats during Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy
Authors: Green Richard D. , Miller Jack W.
Published: October 2006

Concentrations of norepinephrine in plasma of rats during estrus and pregnancy were significantly lower than during diestrus. Epinephrine concentrations in the plasma were significantly higher in both estrous and diestrous females than in males.
Lobster Hemocyanin: Properties of the Minimum Functional Subunit and of Aggregates
Authors: Pickett S. M. , Riggs A. F. , Larimer J. L.
Published: October 2006

Lobster hemocyanin dissociates into a functional subunit of 68,000 to 70,000 molecular weight when Ca
2+
ions are removed from an alkaline solution of low ionic strength. Succinylation results in a further dissociation into two nonfunctional subunits of approximately 34,000 to 35,000 molecular weight. Amino acid analysis and tryptic peptide patterns indicate that the functional subunit is composed of at least two polypeptide chains which are similar.
Direct Evidence for the Cathodic Depolarization Theory of Bacterial Corrosion
Authors: Iverson Warren P.
Published: October 2006

Cathodic depolarization of mild steel by
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
was demonstrated with benzyl viologen used as an electron acceptor. Direct measurement of the cathodic depolarization current indicated a maximum current density of 1 microampere per square centimeter. Aluminum alloys were also cathodically depolarized by the organism.
Primary-Type Antibody Response in vitro
Authors: Tao Tien-Wen , Uhr Jonathan W.
Published: October 2006

Organ cultures of lymph nodes obtained from nonimmunized rabbits were incubated with bacteriophage φX174; as a result, 19S antibody was produced first, and then 7S antibody. Differences between this response and the secondary response to φX174 induced in vitro suggest that the former is a primary response.
Chain Initiation and Control of Protein Synthesis
Authors: Noll Hans
Published: October 2006

Analysis of the enzymatic mechanism of chain extension during protein synthesis and studies with
N
-formylmethionyl-sRNA suggest that chain initiation requires formylation of the amino group of the amino acid destined to start chain growth. The existence of a set of starting triplets coding for a special set of
N
-formylaminoacyl-sRNA's is postulated. These triplets might be ambiguous in the sense that they specify different amino acids, depending on whether they are at the beginning of or within a message. A number of starting triplets and their NH
2
-terminal amino acids are predicted from previously suggested ambiguities. The biochemical, regulatory, and genetic implications of a formylation step controlling chain initiation are discussed.
Precipitate Formation in the Strontium-Phosphate System
Authors: Collin Robert L.
Published: October 2006

Study of the precipitation process in the aqueous Sr(OH)
2
-H
3
PO
4
system, in order to elucidate the phase transformations and the nature of the final solid phases, shows that over much of the range of compositions studied the initial precipitate is poorly crystalline; the x-ray pattern resembles that of strontium hydroxyapatite but has a strontium:phosphorus molar ratio close to 1.3. Within 1 hour the initial precipitate changes to a stable crystalline phase (or phases), with corresponding change, either up or down, in the strontium: phosphorus ratio. At high ratios of Sr(OH)
2
to H
3
PO
4
the initial precipitate is Sr
3
(PO
4
)
2
⋅4H
2
O, which then converts to a phase having the x-ray diffraction pattern of strontium hydroxyapatite, but having a strontium: phosphorus ratio that depends somewhat on the initial ratio of Sr(OH)
2
to H
3
PO
4
used in the precipitation.
Increasing Adipocyte Number as the Basis for Perirenal Depot Growth in Adult Rats
Authors: Bertrand H. A. , Masoro E. J. , Yu B. P.
Published: October 2006

The mass of the perirenal adipose depot in male Fischer 344 rats increases between 6 and 18 months of age. This increase is due to an increase in the number of adipocytes in this depot, in contrast with the concept that adipocyte number is constant throughout adult life. The epididymal depot increases in mass between 6 and 18 months of age by adipocyte hypertrophy alone.
Multiplicity of Hemoglobins in the Genus
Chironomus
(Tendipes)
Authors: Thompson Peter E. , English Darrel S.
Published: October 2006

The number of hemoglobins found in individual mature larvae of several
Chironomus
species is six to nine. The consistency of this number and of the electrophoretic mobilities of these separable forms seems to indicate the synchronous production of polypeptide chains by several genetic loci.
Increased Incidence of Lymphoma after Injections of Mice with Cells Differing at Weak Histocompatibility Loci
Authors: Walford Roy L.
Published: October 2006

Newborns of two congenic strains of mice, in which the incidence of leukemia is low, differing only at the weak
H-1
locus, were injected at birth with adult spleen cells of the parent and of the congenic strain. A marked increase in the incidence of lymphoma ensued in those mice of both strains injected with cells from the other strain. The experiment lends some support to the idea that transplantation immunologic mechanisms may play a role in the genesis of lymphomas.
Morphogenetic Substance in Legume Nodule Formation
Authors: Schaffer A. G. , Alexander M.
Published: October 2006

Addition of extracts of bean cotyledon or hypocotyl or of a coconut-water preparation to roots grown from excised bean hypocotyls markedly increased the number of nodules, while removal of part of the hypocotyl tissue reduced the number. The active morphogenetic substance in the coconut water has been partially purified.
Ornithine Transcarbamylase Enzymes: Occurrence in
Bacillus licheniformis
Authors: Bernlohr Robert W.
Published: October 2006

Two separate ornithine transcarbamylase enzymes have been found in extracts of late exponentialphase cells of
Bacillus licheniformis
grown on glucose and L-arginine. One enzyme presumably has a biosynthetic function and is repressed by arginine. The other is induced by arginine, is relatively heat-stable, and can be separated from the first by diethylaminoethyl chromatography.
Predominance of Hemoglobin Gower 1 in Early Human Embryonic Development
Authors: Hecht Frederick , Motulsky Arno G. , Lemire Ronald J. , Shepard Thomas E.
Published: October 2006

Hemoglobin Gower 1, the structure of which is thought to be ε
4
, is the predominant hemoglobin in early human embryonic life. This finding suggests that the production of ε-chains initially exceeds that of other known (α, β, γ, and δ) chains.
Weakening of Dunite by Serpentine Dehydration
Authors: Riecker Robert E. , Rooney Thomas P.
Published: October 2006

A shear press has been used to determine the mechanical behavior of serpentinized dunite and forsterite at normal pressures to 50 kilobars, temperatures to 900° C; and strain rates from 10
-1
to 10
-4
per second. The shear strength of dunite, containing less than 5 percent by volume of serpentine, is reduced by at least 30 percent as the temperature is raised from 300° to 520° C. Abundant kink bands develop at normal pressures above 35 kilobars at 27° C and at lower pressures as the temperature is increased.
Chloramphenicol-Specific Antibody
Authors: Hamburger Robert N.
Published: October 2006

Antibody to the antibiotic chloramphenicol was obtained by immunizing rabbits with a chloramphenicol derivative coupled to bovine gamma globulin. Production of antibody was demonstrated by the precipitin and complement fixation reactions with "reduced chloramphenicol" coupled to rabbit serum albumin as the test antigen. Specificity of the antibody was confirmed in that crystalline chloramphenicol completely inhibited complement fixation and precipitin reactions. "Reduced chloramphenicol" coupled to human serum albumin provides an antigen for the detection of antibody to chloramphenicol, if it occurs in human serum in dyscrasias. With quantitative complement fixation, as little as 10
-5
μg (4 × 10
-14
mole) of chloramphenicol was detectable by the inhibition assay.
Pigment Protein Complex from
Gonyaulax
Authors: Haidak David J. , Mathews Christopher K. , Sweeney Beatrice M.
Published: October 2006

A water-soluble peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complex from the dinoflagellate
Gonyaulax polyedra
was found to have a molecular weight of about 38,000. The complex could be disrupted by digestion with proteolytic enzymes. No electron transfer was observed when the complex was irradiated.
Pleistocene Glaciation on St. George, Pribilof Islands
Authors: Hopkins David M. , Einarsson Thorleifur
Published: October 2006

A small ice cap (covering about 12 square kilometers) and at least two—probably four—cirque glaciers (each covering less than 1 square kilometer) occurred on St. George Island, Pribilof Islands, probably during the Illinoian Glaciation. Snowbanks persisted during a later cold cycle, probably during the Wisconsin Glaciation, with no glaciers existing. We found no evidence of glaciation on other Pribilof islands.
Intermuscular Bones in
Pholidophorus bechei
from the Lower Lias of England
Authors: Lund Richard
Published: October 2006

Intermuscular bones, considered the one neomorph which decisively separates the pholidophoroids from the teleosts, have been found in a specimen of
Pholidophorus bechei
Agassiz, from the Lower Lias of England. It is suggested that intermuscular bones were prevalent among the pholidophoroids.
Drosophila melanogaster
: Inheritance of a Deficiency of Alkaline Phosphatase in Larvae
Authors: Johnson F. M.
Published: October 2006

A deficiency of the normally prominent alkaline phosphatase zone (by starch-gel electrophoresis) has been discovered in a newly investigated laboratory strain of
Drosophila melonogaster
. Mating experiments indicate that genetic control is by an allele of a previously described electrophoretic variation. Heterozygotes resulting from crosses of the deficient type and the fast electrophoretic variant show only the fast phenotype. In deficient × slow heterozygotes, however, there is a new band that does not correspond in electrophoretic mobility with any of the bands of other heterozygous or homozygous types. It is suggested that the allele responsible for the deficiency leads to the manufacture of an inactive subunit that is able to hybridize with the subunits of the slow electrophoretic form.
Mitotic Waves in Laticifers of
Euphorbia marginata
Authors: Mahlberg Paul , Sabharwal Pritam
Published: October 2006

A successive pattern of nuclear divisions that result in mitotic waves has been observed within the coenocytic nonarticulated laticifers of embryos of
Euphorbia marginata
Pursh. These waves originate independently in the cotyledonary or hypocotyl portion of the laticifer and exhibit uni- or bidirectional movement at variable velocities. Individual nuclei or groups of neighoring nuclei in a laticifer were observed in a sequence of mitotic stages ranging from prophase to telophase; division activity varied with individual laticifers in an embryo. Two mitotic patterns were apparent in the embryo: a random pattern associated with various cells in the meristematic area, and a successive pattern restricted to the laticifer. A substance, synthesized by and restricted to the laticifer, may be associated with this mitotic pattern.
Erythropoietic and Reticuloendothelial Function in Bone Marrow in Dogs
Authors: Greenberg Michael L. , Atkins Harold L. , Schiffer Lewis M.
Published: October 2006

Erythropoietic and reticuloendothelial functions in bone marrow were found to be identically distributed between various bones and within individual bones in the dog.
Amniotic Contraction and Embryonic Motility in the Chick Embryo
Authors: Oppenheim Ronald W.
Published: October 2006

During part of the incubation period of chick embryos the amnion shows spontaneous contractions. Removal of the amnion on days 9, 10, and 11 has no effect on the amount of, or the cyclic aspects of, motility exhibited by the embryo. These observations question the importance of the amnion and yolk-sac as stimulative factors in the initiation and maintenance of cyclic embryonic motility at the ages studied.
Courtship in Spiders without Prior Sperm Induction
Authors: Rovner Jerome S.
Published: October 2006

Experiments with a lycosid spider demonstrated that courtship behavior is displayed by males independently of whether sperm induction had occurred following the final molt. Contrary to earlier suggestions, proprioceptive feedback from sperm-filled palps is not essential for the onset of reproductive display.
Strontium-90 Fallout: Comparison of Rates over Ocean and Land
Authors: Volchok H. L. , Broecker Wallace S. , Rocco Gregory G.
Published: October 2006

Measurements of strontium-90 in waters residing on the Bahama Banks for periods between 12 and 180 days suggest that fallout rates onto these waters are substantially the same as the average rates at all fallout collection stations between 20° and 30° north latitude. If the amount of precipitation on the Bahama Banks is reasonably representative of the oceanic areas in this latitude band, our results support the conclusion that the amount of strontium-90 deposited per unit area of ocean surface is within a factor of 2 of that on land.
Recent Emerged Beach in Eastern Mexico
Authors: Behrens E. William
Published: October 2006

A bluff on the eastern coast of Mexico reveals a cross section through an ancient beach deposit now lying 4 meters above sea level. Radiocarbon dates on the shells within the deposit reveal an age of 1940 years. The deposit appears to be valid evidence for submergence greater than that of the present, but whether that submergence was due to a higher eustatic stand of the sea or whether there has been an uplift of the land since that time cannot yet be determined.
Metabolism of Alveolar Cells: Histochemical Evidence and Relation to Pulmonary Surfactant
Authors: Said Sami I. , Klein Richard M. , Norrell Laura W. , Maddox Yvonne T.
Published: October 2006

Large alveolar cells of normal dog lung are rich in enzymes concerned with oxidative and synthetic pathways. In three experimental situations where ability of the lung to produce surfactant was impaired, the enzyme-rich cells were lacking or absent. Findings support the concept that these cells are sites of active metabolism, possibly including production of surfactant.
Contact Photomicrography in the Ultraviolet on High-Resolution Plates
Authors: McWhorter Frank P. , Leach Charles M.
Published: October 2006

Ultraviolet photographs of cells can be made without quartz optics by placing the cells on high-resolution plates capable of resolving more than 2000 lines per millimeter and by passing monochromatic radiation of the desired wavelength through them to the emulsion. Prints can be made by enlarging the resulting negative with a microscope to the magnification desired.
Osmotic Pressure Influence in Germination Tests for Antibiosis
Authors: Anderson Roger C. , Loucks Orie L.
Published: October 2006

A common test for the presence of toxic organic substances in plant tissues, and therefore of the potential role of antibiosis (specifically allelopathy) in native plant communities, has been to apply a water extract of the tissues in germination tests of cultivated annuals. The observed osmotic pressure of the extracts can be high, and sucrose solutions of similar osmotic pressure result in a depression of germination and early development. Thus in the aforementioned type of test, extracts must be diluted to an osmotic pressure no greater than 0.5 atmospheres.
Beta-Glucuronidase Activity in Serum Increased by Coronary-Artery Atherosclerosis
Authors: Miller Benjamin F. , Keyes Frances P. , Curreri P. William
Published: October 2006

Increase in activity of beta-glucuronidase in serum has been demonstrated in patients having clinically evident coronary-artery atherosclerosis. This fact, yielded by the new, more specific method of Fishman, could not be elicited by the traditional method.
Unit Responses from Commissural Fibers of Optic Lobes of Fish
Authors: Mark R. F. , Davidson T. M.
Published: October 2006

The paired optic lobes of teleost fish are connected by two commissures. One of these, the tectal commissure, was studied with metal microelectrodes. Fibers are rhythmically active for prolonged periods in the dark and respond to light by a decrease in the rate of discharge. There is a rebound acceleration when the light is turned off. Each fiber is influenced by light in one eye only, and there is no response when light is projected into the opposite eye. This behavior resembles the "off" response recorded from the optic lobes and the optic nerve of fish. Unlike most units from the visual pathways of lower animals, single commissural fibers do not seem to give any recognizable response to patterned input such as small light or dark objects or small light sources stationary or moving anywhere in the visual field, nor do they respond to a vertical black bar moved over a white background.
Partial Purification and Electron Microscopy of Virus in the EB-3 Cell Line Derived from a Burkitt Lymphoma
Authors: Toplin I. , Schidlovsky G.
Published: October 2006

The virus in the EB-3 cell line derived from a Burkitt lymphoma was partially purified by digestion with proteolytic enzyme and by density-gradient centrifugation on potassium tartrate. Electron microscope studies of both sectioned and negatively stained samples suggest that the virus belongs to the herpes-virus group, although the exact number of capsomeres was not unequivocally established.
List Differentiation with Varied Trials on Both Lists
Authors: Winograd Eugene , Smith William S.
Published: October 2006

Differentiation, defined as the discrimination of list membership, was studied with a recognition procedure. In each of the two studies, the number of learning trials was varied for one list and the trials on the other list were held constant. Differentiation was a U-shaped function of trials, passing through a minimum when both lists were shown equally often.
Starch-Gel Electrophoresis of Human Tissue Enzymes Which Hydrolyze L-Leucyl-β-Naphthylamide
Authors: Smith Edgar E. , Rutenburg Alexander M.
Published: October 2006

Electrophoretically distinct forms of the enzyme or enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of L-leucyl-β-naphthylamide were demonstrated in various human tissues. There were characteristic patterns for different tissues. Unlike the enzymes found in normal serum, some tissue-specific enzymes were unaffected or activated by L-methionine.
High-Purity Calcium Carbonate in Freshwater Clam Shell
Authors: Nelson D. J. , Rains T. C. , Norris J. A.
Published: October 2006

The calcium carbonate in freshwater clam shells is similar in purity to that designated reagent grade. A simple reprecipitation of the shell extract results in a product having less Sr and Mg than reagent grade CaCO
3
. Clams are harvested commercially, and discarded shells are a high-quality raw material for the production of CaCO
3
.
Lymphoid Cells Producing Antibody Against Simple Haptens: Detection and Enumeration
Authors: Merchant Bruce , Hraba Tomas
Published: October 2006

Enumeration of cells producing antibody against arsanilic acid was made feasible by the use of hapten-conjugated sheep erythrocytes for the localized hemolysis-in-gel technique. The time of appearance and numbers of these hapten-specific plaque-forming cells correlated closely with the development of arsanilic acid-specific serum antibodies.
Correlation of Archeological and Palynological Data
Authors: Jelinek Arthur J.
Published: October 2006

Analysis of a series of pollen samples and artifact materials, taken from the same excavation units in prehistoric sites in the Middle Pecos River, valley of central eastern New Mexico, shows meaningful correlations between some major pollen groups and categories of artifacts. The correlations suggest the use of relative quantities of artifact materials to correct the distortion, resulting from cultural activity, in pollen samples from archeological sites.
Ultracentrifuge Schlieren Photographs: Automatic Analysis
Authors: Moore R. , Ledley R. S. , Belson M. , Jacobsen J. D.
Published: October 2006

Schlieren photographs can be digitized and stored in a computer's memory. A computer program then interprets and measures the Schlieren curve and calculates molecular properties.
Oxygen Dependence of Retinal S-Potential-Producing Cells
Authors: Negishi K. , Svaetichin G.
Published: October 2006

Changes in the membrane potential of the S-potential-producing cells (S-cells) in the isolated retina of fish (Gerridae) were correlated with changes in oxygen concentration. During brief hypoxia the changes in potential consisted of initial depolarization and subsequent hyperpolarization to near 70 millivolts. Depolarization occurred when oxygen concentration was reduced to a level of from 13 to 10 percent, and hyperpolarization occurred on reduction from 10 to 2.5 percent; there was variation from cell to cell. The recovery of S-cell function from anoxia was fast in oxygen but slow in air. The results show that the S-cell stops functioning in seconds without oxygen; hence this kind of cellular element in the nervous system is much more sensitive to oxygen deprivation than other cells studied thus far.
Lactoperoxidase: Identification and Isolation from Harderian and Lacrimal Glands
Authors: Morrison Martin , Allen Peter Z.
Published: October 2006

Investigation of bovine lacrimal and harderian glands revealed the presence of the enzyme lactoperoxidase, which was isolated and purified. A nonheme, iron-containing protein was identified at the same time. Both proteins are present in milk, mammary glands, and salivary glands. Their roles are discussed: The lactoperoxidase may be important in controlling bacterial flora.
Electrophoretic Heterogeneity of the Polypeptide Chains of Human G-Myeloma Proteins
Authors: Terry William D. , Small Parker A. , Reisfeld Ralph A.
Published: October 2006

The light and heavy polypeptide chains derived from human G-myeloma proteins are electrophoretically heterogeneous as judged by disc electrophoresis of the polypeptide chains in urea-acrylamide gels. Individual myeloma proteins contained as many as eight light-chain and nine heavy-chain components.
Mycotoxicoses: Toxic Fungi in Tobaccos
Authors: Forgacs Joseph , Carll W. T.
Published: October 2006

Cigarette, cigar, and pipe tobaccos contain
Alternaria
spores and dematiaceous mycelia, with cigarette tobaccos being more heavily laden. A smoke aerosol generated from hay on which the fungus had been cultured caused, among other pathologic changes, pulmonary emphysema in mice.
1-Adamantanamine Hydrochloride: Inhibition of Rous and Esh Sarcoma Viruses in Cell Culture
Authors: Wallbank Alfred M. , Matter Ruth E. , Klinikowski Norman G.
Published: October 2006

1-Adamantanamine hydrochloride, added to chick embryo cells, inhibited focus production upon subsequent inoculation of the cells with Rous and Esh sarcoma viruses. Addition of the chemical to suspensions of Rous and Esh viruses before they were added to chick cell cultures did not inactivate the viruses; and the addition to chick cells did not prevent plaque formation following their inoculation with Newcastle disease virus. This indicates that cells treated with 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride are capable of supporting viral replication, and these observations suggest that the drug inhibits growth of two oncogenic viruses by prevention of virus penetration, but not by a virucidal effect or cell intoxication.
Visual Receptive Fields in the Cat's Retina: Complications
Authors: Spinelli D. N.
Published: October 2006

Visual receptive fields have been mapped with moving patterns in the cat's retinal ganglion cells. A small, general-purpose computer was used to collect a matrix of 2500 data points covering a 25°-by-25° region of space. The analysis of 40 units reveals the existence of many nonconcentric receptive fields and also the presence of line and edge detectors.
Montmorillonite: Effect of
p
H on Its Adsorption of a Soil Humic Compound
Authors: Schnitzer M. , Kodama H.
Published: October 2006

The d
001
spacing of sodium montmorillonite increased from 9.87 to 17.50 angstroms after interaction of the compound with fulvic acid at p
H
2.5. The magnitude of the spacing decreased with increase in p
H
between 2.5 and 6.0. At p
H
2.5 40 milligrams of Namontmorillonite adsorbed 31 mg of fulvic acid; at p
H
6.0, only 15.8 mg.
Thermal Conductivity Effect of Carrier Gases on Flame-Ionization Detector Sensitivity
Authors: Hoffmann R. L. , Evans C. D.
Published: October 2006

Data for six carrier gases of different thermal conductivities show a linear correlation between the logarithm of thermal conductivity and detector response. Carbon dioxide with a lower thermal conductivity than helium gives a ninefold increase in detector response.
Mating Speed in Male
Drosophila melanogaster
: A Psychogenetic Analysis
Authors: Fulker D. W.
Published: October 2006

A diallel analysis of mating speed as measured by the copulation frequency of male
Drosophila melanogaster
revealed strong directional dominance for high frequency involving a minimum of five genes. The trait as measured is highly correlated with sexual drive and fitness. Consequences for artificial selection and the nature of the heterosis displayed by the crosses are discussed. High copulation frequency of the male is probably the result of unidirectional natural selection.
"Sex-Ratio" Condition: Unusual Mechanisms in Bark Beetles
Authors: Lanier G. N. , Oliver J. H.
Published: October 2006

Although males and females occur in similar frequency in the broods of most scolytid beetles, certain individuals of several species produce offspring highly aberrant in the ratio of sexes—all or mostly female. In some instances this condition reflects gynogenesis (parthenogenesis stimulated by mating); in others, a maternally transmitted factor.
Evolutionary Significance of Polyploidy in the Pteridophyta
Authors: Klekowski Edward J. , Baker Herbert G.
Published: October 2006

Polyploidy occurs in the heterosporous and homosporous Pteridophyta, but with a much higher frequency in the latter. Ninety-six percent of the homosporous Pteridophyta show a gametic chromosome number greater than 27, whereas 90 percent of the heterosporous ones possess a gametic chromosome number less than 28. Ultrafrequent establishment of polyploidy in the homosporous Pteridophyta appears to be necessary to create and maintain genetic variation in the face of the homozygotizing effects of habitual self-fertilization in the monoecious gametophytes of these plants.
Fungicide Selective for Basidiomycetes
Authors: Edgington L. V. , Walton G. S. , Miller P. M.
Published: October 2006

Concentrations of 2,3-dihydro-5-carboxanilido-6-methyl-1,4-oxathiin lower than 8 parts per million prevented mycelial growth of a number of Basidiomycetes. By contrast, mycelial growth of various other fungi—Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, and Deuteromycetes—was 50 percent inhibited only by concentrations of 32 ppm or higher. Two exceptions to this pattern of selective fungitoxicity were found: an isolate of
Rhizoctonia solani
was not as sensitive as other Basidiomycetes, and the deuteromycete
Verticillium alboatrum
was inhibited by lower concentrations than affected other fungi in this group. Spore germination of two Basidiomycetes,
Uromyces phaseoli
and
Ustilago nuda
, was inhibited 95 percent or more at 10 ppm.
Enzyme-Coenzyme Complexes of Pyridine Nucleotide-Linked Dehydrogenases
Authors: Fisher Harvey F. , Cross Dallas G.
Published: October 2006

Enzyme-reduced coenzyme binary complexes produce previously unreported shifts in the spectrum of the free coenzyme. These shifts give rise to difference spectra which resemble a general environmental change for reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPNH) in the glutamic dehydrogenase-DPNH complex, and indicate a more specific enzyme-coenzyme interaction for yeast alcohol dehydrogenase-DPNH, isocitrate dehydrogenase-TPNH, and lactic dehydrogenase-DPNH complexes.
Toxic Impurities in Nalgene Filter Units
Authors: Simpson Larry
Published: October 2006

Sterile disposable filter units made of Nalgene contain an impurity which inhibits the growth of the protozoan,
Leishmania tarentolae
, in a defined medium.
Mass-Yield Distribution of the Fission Products in Fallout from the 14 May 1965 Nuclear Explosion
Authors: Rao M. N. , Yoshikawa Kazuko , Sabu D. D. , Clark R. , Kuroda P. K.
Published: October 2006

Twenty single particles separated from a 20-liter sample of rain collected in Osaka, Japan, shortly after the 14 May 1965 test explosion of the Chinese nuclear device, were analyzed radiochemically. The abundance pattern of the fission products in these particles resembled the shape of the mass-yield curve for the thermal neutron-induced fission of uranium-235, except for the facts that cesium-h137 and strontium-90 were markedly depleted and the yields near the symmetric fission region appeared to be somewhat enhanced.
Radio Sources: Angular Size from Scintillation Studies
Authors: Cohen M. H. , Gundermann E. J. , Hardebeck H. E. , Harris D. E. , Salpeter E. E. , Sharp L. E.
Published: October 2006

The frequency spectrum of fluctuations caused by interplanetary scintillations may give a sensitive estimate of the diameter of a radio source. Observations of 3C 138, 3C 245, 3C 267, and 3C 273 give diameters of 0.1, ≤ 0.04, ≤ 0.2, and ≤ 0.02 second of arc, respectively. Resolution is at least a factor of 5 higher than that obtained to date by means of either radio interferometers or lunar occulations.
Zinc and Cobalt: Effect on the Iron Metabolism of
Ustilago sphaerogena
Authors: Komai H. , Neilands J. B.
Published: October 2006

The ferrichrome content of cells of the smut fungus
Ustilago sphaerogena
during growth in a medium deficient in zinc increases with increase in the cobalt of the medium from 0 to 3 × 10
-5
M
. The addition of zinc to such cultures prevents the accumulation of ferrichrome. The results suggest that zinc is involved in the utilization of iron via a process which can be blocked by cobalt.
Feedback Inhibition of Glycerol Kinase, a Catabolic Enzyme in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Zwaig N. , Lin E. C. C.
Published: October 2006

Fructose-1,6-diphosphate is a feedback inhibitor of the catabolic enzyme, glycerol kinase, in
Escherichia coli
. A mutant was isolated which produced a desensitized enzyme. Glucose was no longer as effective in preventing the utilization of exogenous glycerol by cells which synthesized constitutively such an altered enzyme, even though the usual degree of catabolite repression still operated.
Tetrodotoxin Does Not Block Excitation from Inside the Nerve Membrane
Authors: Narahashi Toshio , Anderson Nels C. , Moore John W.
Published: October 2006

Tetrodotoxin does not block the action potential or membrane sodium current when internally perfused through the giant axon of a squid at much higher concentrations than those required for blocking by external application. It is suggested that the gate for the sodium channel is located on the exterior surface of the axon, because tetrodotoxin is not lipid soluble.
Electrolytic Dissolution of Iron Meteorites
Authors: Tackett Stanford L. , Meyer Wallace M. , Pany Frank G. , Moore Carleton B.
Published: October 2006

When iron meteorites are dissolved anodically in neutral solution, nonmetallic inclusions are not attached and collect at the bottom of the anode compartment. When the meteorites contain both kamacite and taenite, the kamacite dissolves preferentially, revealing a three-dimensional Widmanstätten pattern.
Pancreatic Carboxypeptidases: Activities in Zinc-Deficient Rats
Authors: Hsu Jeng M. , Anilane Janet K. , Scanlan David E.
Published: October 2006

Zinc deficiency in rats caused decrease in the activity of pancreatic carboxypeptidase A, but it had no effect on pancreatic carboxypeptidase B and liver alcohol dehydrogenase. The observed reduction of enzymic activity may be related to the poor utilization of feed that occurs in zinc-deficient rats.
Cylindrical Inclusions in the Cytoplasm of Leaf Cells Infected with Tobacco Etch Virus
Authors: Edwardson John R.
Published: October 2006

Combined tracings from electron micrographs of serial sections of leaf tissue infected with tobacco etch virus show that one type of cytoplasmic inclusion, when sectioned in different planes, can produce configurations which have been interpreted as being two distinct types of inclusion bodies.
Heterogeneity of Template RNA in Adrenal Glands
Authors: Ney Robert L. , Davis Warren W. , Garren Leonard D.
Published: October 2006

Template RNA in adrenal glands appears to be heterogeneous in stability. The RNA that regulates synthesis of a large fraction of adrenal protein has a turnover time of 4 hours or less. The remainder of adrenal-protein synthesis, including synthesis of protein that mediates the rapid steroidogenic response to ACTH, depends on RNA with considerably greater stability.
Acute Phase Protein in Serum of Women Using Hormonal Contraceptives
Authors: Schumacher G. F. B.
Published: October 2006

Acute phase protein precipitating somatic C-polysaccharide of pneumococci appears in serum of women under treatment with hormonal contraceptives in a significantly higher number of cases when compared with control groups. The summarized results of three preliminary studies show that in 80 control serums there were four positive specimens (5 percent) and in 80 serums from women using hormonal contraceptives there were 58 positive specimens (72.5 percent).
Increased Cardiovascular Reactivity to Angiotensin Caused by Renin
Authors: Masson Georges M. C. , Aoki Kyuzo , Matsunaga Masato , Page Irvine H.
Published: October 2006

After a short period of tachyphylaxis, there is a marked and sustained enhancement of pressor responses to renin and angiotensin during chronic administration of renin.
Antigenic Heterogeneity of Human Immunoglobulin A Proteins
Authors: Terry William D. , Roberts Marjorie S.
Published: October 2006

Two types of human IgA myeloma proteins were distinguished by immunochemical tests. Seven of 51 IgA-myeloma proteins contained an antigenic determinant that was not detected in the other 44 proteins. The distinctive antigenic site was not demonstrated on either the heavy or light polypeptide chains.
6-Hydroxylation: Effect on the Psychotropic Potency of Tryptamines
Authors: Taborsky Robert G. , Delvigs Peter , Page Irvine H.
Published: October 2006

6-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-
N
,
N
-dimethyltryptamine and 5-methoxy-
N
,
N
-dimethyltryptamine were synthesized and their psychotropic effects compared on trained rats in a Skinner box. The nonhydroxylated form was the more potent. The metabolism of 5-methoxytryptophol acetate ester was also studied to determine whether hydroxylation might occur in other than the six position with exogenous indoles. One metabolite was formed, with properties of a hydroxy-5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid, which proved on chromatography not to be the 6-hydroxy structural isomer. Pharmacologic and metabolic studies suggest that psychotropic activity of tryptamines may result from metabolites other than the 6-hydroxylated forms.
Butler, Missouri: An Iron Meteorite with Extremely High Germanium Content
Authors: Wasson John T.
Published: October 2006

The Butler iron meteorite has been found to have a germanium concentration of 2000 parts per million, which is about five times higher than the highest concentration that has been measured previously in an iron meteorite. The gallium concentration is 87 parts per million, which is among the highest concentrations found in these objects. The nickel content is 16.0 percent, the second highest nickel concentration known in a meteorite displaying a Widmanstätten pattern. The high Ge/Ni ratio, as well as the association of a high nickel content with high gallium and germanium contents, make this object an exception to two geochemical generalizations regarding the iron meteorites.