bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UPAYA PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR PPKN MELALUI PENDEKATAN APRESIASI SISWA KELAS VIII
Authors: Hidayat Elvira Nurini
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penerapan pendekatan apresiasi dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar PPKn pada peserta didik. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan subjek penelitian 36 siswa dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, angket, dan tes. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 36 peserta didik yang mengikuti, rata-rata daya serap mencapai 76,32 % dengan ketuntasan belajar 86,84 %. Demikian pula hasil observasi kolaborator menggunakan lembar pengamatan diperoleh hasil   89,47%  peserta didik telah melakukan kegiatan apresiasi karya seni dengan baik dan benar. Hanya sebagian kecil peserta didik (10,53 %) yang belum sesuai harapan. This study aims to determine the application of the appreciation approach in increasing the learning motivation of PPKn in students. This type of research is a classroom action research with 36 students as research subjects with the data collection techniques of observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests. The results of this study indicate that of the 36 students who participated, the average absorption capacity reached 76.32% with 86.84% completeness of learning. Likewise, the results of collaborator observations using observation sheets showed that 89.47% of students had done art appreciation activities properly and correctly. Only a small proportion of students (10.53%) have not met expectations.
Skin cancer knowledge and prevention practices: Turkish Bus Drivers
Authors: Nukhet Kirag  , Serap Gokce Eskin
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: To determine skin cancer knowledge levels and prevention practices among bus drivers.

Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted in Ayd?n province, western Turkey, from April to June 2018, and comprised bus drivers who came to the primary health centre. Data was collected using a predesigned questionnaire based on sociodemographic characteristics and the Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge Scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 16.

Results: There were 125 male bus drivers with a mean age of 42.0±9.1 years. There was a significant relationship between history of skin cancer in the family and the presence of freckles (p<0.05). Those who were exposed to the sun for one or two hours a day scored higher on the knowledge scale than those with a sun exposure of >2 hours a day  (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The bus drivers did not have enough knowledge about the critical significance of skin cancer.

Key Words: Sun protection, Drivers, Skin, Cancer, Turkey.

Continuous...
Hygienekosten in Zahnarztpraxen
Authors: Frenzel Baudisch Nicolas
Published: October 2020

Hygienekosten im Griff

Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter in Zahnarztpraxen ergreifen tagtäglich eine Vielzahl von Maßnahmen zur Ansteckungsverhütung: von der Händehygiene über die Instrumentenaufbereitung bis hin zur Wischdesinfektion von Behandlungsstühlen. Die dabei entstehenden Kosten effizient und korrekt zu erfassen und zu beziffern, ist durchaus eine Herausforderung.

Die vorliegende Hygienekostenstudie verwendet daher drei gesonderte Datenquellen:

- Im Rahmen von „Zeitaufnahmen“ fanden direkte Beobachtungen von hygienebedingten Tätigkeiten in Zahnarztpraxen statt.

- Ein „Praxissurvey“ erfasste mittels eines Fragebogens die Material- und Gerätekosten in zufällig ausgewählten Zahnarztpraxen aus jedem Bundesland.

- Schließlich fanden „Sekundärdaten“ aus anderen Quellen wie dem Statistischen Bundesamt Eingang in die Analysen.

Die Ergebnisse des Buchs bieten Ihnen einen Überblick über die Gesamthygienekosten in Zahnarztpraxen in Deutschland. Mittels Regressionsanalysen werden die Praxisstrukturmerkmale herausgearbeitet, auf die die Gesamthygienekosten im Wesentlichen zurückgehen. Zudem erläutert das Buch, wie Sie das Regressionsmodell im Sinne eines Baukastensystems nutzen können, um datengestützt die Gesamthygienekosten Ihrer eigenen Praxis zu schätzen.

Verschaffen Sie sich Transparenz bei den Hygienekosten Ihrer Praxis!

Herausgeber:

Institut der Deutschen Zahnärzte (IDZ), Köln, Herr Nicolas Frenzel Baudisch

in Trägerschaft von Bundeszahnärztekammer – Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Deutschen Zahnärztekammern e.V. und der Kassenzahnärztlichen Bundesvereinigung K.d.ö.R.
The Modern Enterprise - Successor of Business Organization Forms in Ancient Rome and Medieval Europe
Authors: Pacala Anca
Published: October 2020

In recent years, researchers and practitioners are increasingly interested in the role and influence of the forms of business organization on the economy and society. Interpretations of the role of companies in the modern period, ranging from enthusiastic support (as the most important invention of capitalism, an explanation of the Western civilization’s expansion) to moderate and often critical positions, where the company is seen as a solution, not necessarily optimal, to market imperfections. On the other hand, we often ponder upon the explanation of political, administrative and infrastructural success of ancient Rome: the state or the enterprise (the private initiative)? Closer to our time, we rediscover with amazement that the "dark" Middle Ages are not at all dark and lacking in progress, at least in terms of capitalist organization and logic. The development of trade in the two poles of medieval Europe (the Mediterranean and the Balto-Scandinavian area), of industry and trade in the North-Western quadrant (Flanders and neighbouring regions), was concurrent with the improvement of organizational forms of business, with the diversity and flexibility of entrepreneurial or even corporate frameworks. Of course, the study of historical sources (ancient or medieval) cannot provide direct answers or solutions to the questions of modern society, because the challenges of today are rather different to those of the past. On the other hand, understanding history can help companies to build a more complete and a wiser enterprise functionality and role in the modern society, to reformulate the questions and to find new solutions. Our paper, with a clear juridical perspective on economic history, focuses on the organization of firms in ancient Rome and medieval Europe, tries to provide examples, useful interpretations and diverse solutions to the problems of contemporary society and economy.
Experiencias ludocreativas en niñas y niños de quinto y sexto grado de Costa Rica: una forma innovadora de sentir los espacios educativos
Authors: Salazar Hernández Mary , Montero Corrales Cristopher
Published: October 2020

Resumen

Este artículo reflexiona sobre los sentires de niñas y niños de quinto y sexto grado, de la escuela Bernardo Soto Alfaro (Alajuela) y la escuela Mixta San Juan (San José), acerca de su experiencia en talleres lúdicos de resolución pacífica de conflictos y compañerismo impartidos por la Subcomisión lúdico creativa de CONARE en el año 2019. Mediante metodologías lúdicas y creativas se fomentan la imaginación, la ternura, la esperanza y la espontaneidad para generar ambientes de aprendizaje para la convivencia y la autotrascendencia.

 

Palabras clave:

Lúdica, creatividad, infancia, autotrascendencia,  convivencia.
El futuro del transporte en Costa Rica: transición al vehículo eléctrico y otras tecnologías
Authors: Vega Córdoba José Gerardo
Published: October 2020

En este estudio de caso se realizará un análisis de las condiciones técnicas que debe cumplir Costa Rica para la electrificación del transporte. El país reúne muchas de estas condiciones, generación de electricidad renovable, políticas y planes de transporte eléctrico, empresas distribuidoras interesadas y otros factores positivos. Sin embargo, se estudiarán los problemas actuales principales como, la dependencia de hidrocarburos, los desafíos a superar para alcanzar transición correcta, el efecto sobre el Sistema Eléctrico Nacional, distribución de estaciones de carga rápida y la integración de los vehículos eléctricos en redes inteligentes.
Escribir desde la formación y la creación en danza: la sistematización para la innovación académica universitaria
Authors: Herra Castro Natalia , Zúñiga Murillo Enid Sofía
Published: October 2020

Este ensayo académico presenta una propuesta de innovación curricular en la formación universitaria en danza, a partir de la sistematización de experiencias de creación artística y de procesos formativos universitarios, con posibilidades de impactar en el campo especializado de la danza contemporánea, así como en la visibilización del aporte de esta disciplina artístico-escénica al desarrollo social y cultural del país. Se parte con la configuración del concepto de sistematización de experiencias, para que, de manera multidimensional se establezcan las relaciones entre las dinámicas actuales del arte contemporáneo con la innovación en el currículo y la didáctica universitaria, en el campo de la formación profesional en danza contemporánea. Además, se plantea el imperativo ético de descolonizar el conocimiento en el arte de la danza, desde la academia universitaria, sustentado en la praxis reflexiva de los saberes prácticos del arte dancístico y de su enseñanza/aprendizaje, desde una perspectiva crítica de la investigación en, desde y para la danza contemporánea. Para finalizar con propuestas para la sistematización de experiencias de formación profesional universitaria y de creación artística que impacten en el campo especializado de la danza, en la sociedad costarricense y la construcción de redes de cooperación y desarrollo del arte, en el ámbito nacional y global.
Violencia sexual infantil y adolescente en la prensa costarricense (2014-2015)
Authors: Ramírez Roldán José David
Published: October 2020

Este artículo explora las producciones discursivas emitidas por el periódico La Nación acerca de los factores vinculados a la violencia sexual infantil y adolescente, entre el 1 de enero del 2014 al 23 de abril del 2015. Desde estas perspectivas emitidas por los medios de comunicación escrita se plantea su posición como parte de un sistema de representaciones que circulan en la sociedad civil, partiendo así que, en algunos fenómenos se puede realizar una elaboración sistematizada de los contenidos y reconstruirse indicios estadísticos con una validez relevante de casos para la esfera nacional.
Finding Balance in a Spiritually Diverse Classroom:
A Teacher’s Guide to Awareness, Sensitivity, and Respect
Authors: Hirashiki Jennifer
Published: October 2020

While many scholars focus on the spirituality of the teacher and its effects on a class (Byler, 2009; Purgason, 2009; Morgan, 2009; Ferris, 2009), the students’ spirituality and how it reveals itself in the classroom cannot be disregarded (Vandrick, 2009; Smith, 2009). Students have the potential to add and change any classroom dynamic through the beliefs they have. These spiritual beliefs can influence student reactions in communicative activities and interactions with teachers and peers. Learning motivation and attitude can also be linked to a student’s spiritual or religious identity (Lepp-Kaethler & Dornyei, 2013). Learners should be free to be themselves and think for themselves in class, without any occurring bias or coercion. (Brown, 2009) This paper provides suggested approaches of how teachers can maintain balance in a classroom of religiously diverse students, allowing for the expression of various beliefs, while being aware, sensitive, and respectful of those variances.
Agroecología: Una alternativa sostenible para la pequeña agricultura en un escenario post COVID19
Authors: Dilas-Jiménez Josue Otoniel , Ascurra -Toro Dilma
Published: October 2020

La actual tendencia del mundo con el incremento poblacional, la contaminación ambiental, el cambio climático, los desafíos por reducir la pobreza y el hambre de las personas, así como un nuevo escenario originado por el COVID19, hace que en los países se deba tener especial atención a estrategias o enfoques que desde distintos ángulos contribuyan a generar soluciones sostenibles. Ante ello, la agroecología o agricultura ecológica se presenta como una alternativa factible para la pequeña agricultura tanto en lo ambiental, lo social y lo económico; conjugándose con actividades complementarias y sumamente importantes como las bioferias o mercados agroecológicos que traen beneficios win to win tanto para el pequeño agricultor como para el consumidor en las ciudades, sin embargo, estos deberán adaptarse a un nuevo modelo de comercialización en entornos virtuales y comercio electrónico..
The effectiveness of using augmented reality in teaching geography curriculum on the achievement and attitudes of Omani 10th Grade Students
Authors: Al Shuaili Khalfan , Al Musawi Ali Sharaf , Hussain Raja Muznah
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using a mobile Augmented Reality application in the geography unit for 10th-grade students on their achievements and attitude. The unit is part of the Omani’s social studies curriculum and entitled, “Environmental Problems and Hazards”. To achieve this purpose, a quasi-experimental study design was conducted. The instruments designed, validated and used to collect data were pre-post achievement tests and attitudinal scale. The participants were 64 male students, divided into two experimental and control groups. The field application period took four weeks in which the control group studied the unit using the normal teaching method, while the mobile Augmented Reality application, HP Reveal, with a website that supports its features, was integrated to teach experimental group. Findings show that there was a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-field applications in terms of students’ achievement and attitudes. Nevertheless, there was no impact observed when the control and experimental groups’ achievement was compared.  The researcher suggested conducting further investigations to examine the value of integrating Augmented Reality in the educational system considering various factors and variables.
Rádio Bandeira
Authors: Fiorussi André
Published: October 2020

Entre os Poemas traduzidos por Manuel Bandeira, publicados pela primeira vez em livro em 1945, há um conhecido poema modernista hispano-americano chamado “Noturno”, de autoria do poeta colombiano José Asunción Silva (1865-1896). Para ressoar os efeitos sonoros do poema em espanhol, Bandeira aplica em alta concentração aqueles recursos versificatórios cujo aprendizado ele próprio relata no início do Itinerário de Pasárgada: sinalefas, sinéreses e diéreses; alternância entre terminações agudas, graves e esdrúxulas; ecos, reverberações, paronomásias etc. Com base na análise da tradução, este artigo visa discutir também elementos rítmicos da poesia de Bandeira e sua relação com a dicção coloquial e a história do verso livre no Brasil.
A prosa não quixotesca de Bandeira: ficção ou poesia
Authors: Rocha João Paulo Zarelli
Published: October 2020

Bandeira, sem ter escrito um conto sequer, conta inúmeras histórias. Em carta a João Cabral, reclama de redondilhas jogadas por seu amigo, como celebração natalina, a um cartão que mais pareciam pulgas de Anatole France. As pulgas provinham de Les matinées de la Villa Saïd, onde um professor Brown, conversando com o próprio Anatole-personagem, retomava os “percevejos que eram como este mahométane!” do Sancho do Quixote de Avellaneda. Já as pulgas de Bandeira, “quisera [ele, Bandeira,] que fossem feitas assim!”, não passadistas como o próprio sujeito de Anatole ou como aqueles versos jogados. Como a própria personagem de Anatole, de Avellaneda e o percevejo / a pulga de Bandeira surgem de um espaço insólito compõe a questão deste artigo, dando continuidade à iluminação de Sílvio Elia ao denominar Bandeira de “prosador maior”, dada a estranheza da(s) crônica(s) e sua mobilização nessas prosas do poeta e também em sua poesia. Finalmente, lemos o insólito não dado por estórias como devir, apesar da lamentação do Itinerário “Mas eu é que sei que não nasci com bossa para isso [para a prosa]. Bem que o tentei várias vezes.”
A persistência da voz poética em Stela do Patrocínio: entre a oralidade e a escrita
Authors: Daudt Marianna Ilgenfritz , Vivacqua Fernanda
Published: October 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma leitura de Reino dos bichos e dos animais é o meu nome (DO PATROCÍNIO, 2001), obra com a produção poética oral de Stela do Patrocínio e transcrita por Viviane Mosé. Percebida a colocação de uma voz poética viva nos poemas, nosso interesse primeiro foi discutir como esta se desloca da oralidade para a escrita. Para tanto, analisamos a poética de Stela do Patrocínio a partir de dois vieses. Por um lado, nosso interesse centrou-se em como a questão da autoria é refratada, ao transpor a poética para a poesia escrita. Por outro, voltamo-nos para a relação do leitor com esta voz poética, entendendo os dois em suas dimensões corpóreas, e ocupando lugares no espaço. Para tanto, recorremos às contribuições principalmente de Foucault (2009, 2011), Gumbrecht (2010) e Zumthor (2014). Em meio ao debate, evidencia-se a voz poética nos versos, uma vez que, ao fazer uma leitura crítica destes, é igualmente necessário que eles sejam vocalizados. Por fim, através do percurso teórico e crítico, acreditamos que, transposta para a escrita, a voz poética de Stela do Patrocínio (2001) segue pulsando no leitor, em uma dinâmica em que a tensão se altera, mas a produção de presença permanece.
Makunaima: entre fatos e ficções
Authors: Barreto Mêrivania Rocha
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo lançar uma discussão voltada para o processo de criação dos fatos e ficções nas narrativas que apresentam Makunaima como personagem. Para tanto, serão analisados relatos escritos de um naturólogo alemão e relatos orais de um documentário. Deste modo, tem-se como corpus para a pesquisa a obra Vom Roroima zum Orinoco (Do Roraima ao Orinoco), especificamente o livro Mitos e lendas dos índios Taulipangue e Arecuná, o qual apresenta a coletânea de narrativas que foram recolhidas durante os anos de 1911 a 1913 na tríplice fronteira – Brasil, Venezuela e Guiana Inglesa –  pelo viajante alemão Theodor Koch-Grünberg; bem como o documentário  Nas trilhas de Makunaima, produzido no ano de 2007, pela TV Cultura, em parceria com a Universidade Federal de Roraima. Esta pesquisa foi bibliográfica e abrangeu o ramo da teoria literária, mais especificamente da teoria da recepção, a qual contribui para os estudos dos conceitos de fatos e ficções; da literatura dos viajantes, em que se encontram os relatos coletados por Koch-Grünberg sobre a figura de Makunaima; e dos relatos orais sobre o personagem indígena presente no documentário. Alguns dos referencias teóricos utilizados foram os livros de teoria da recepção de Wolfgang Iser e os de Karlheinz Stierle. Estes darão os suportes necessários para as discussões teóricas envolvendo facticidade e ficcionalidade.
Conflitos de agência em empresas familiares de capital aberto e a composição do Conselho de Administração
Authors: Adam Camila , Tene Jules Kout , Mucci Daniel Magalhães , Beck Franciele
Published: October 2020

O objetivo do estudo é analisar a influência dos conflitos de agência decorrentes da estrutura de propriedade sobre a presença de membros não familiares no Conselho de Administração das empresas familiares brasileiras de capital aberto. A amostra foi composta por 145 empresas familiares de capital aberto. Coletaram-se os dados nos Formulários de Referência divulgados pelas empresas do ano de 2018, utilizando-se a regressão linear com o método de Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO) e logística como procedimento de análise de dados. Os resultados apontam que há uma relação negativa entre o conflito principal-principal e a presença de membros não familiares no Conselho de Administração, bem como a relação positiva entre o conflito family blockholder e presença de membros não familiares no Conselho de Administração. Ademais, esse estudo traz como implicação evidências de que a composição do Conselho de Administração é influenciada por conflitos de agência relacionados à estrutura de propriedade das empresas familiares.
Complex plant-derived organic aerosol as ice-nucleating particles – more than the sums of their parts?
Authors: Steinke Isabelle , Hiranuma Naruki , Funk Roger , Höhler Kristina , Tüllmann Nadine , Umo Nsikanabasi Silas , Weidler Peter G. , Möhler Ottmar , Leisner Thomas
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Quantifying the impact of complex organic particles on the formation
of ice crystals in clouds remains challenging, mostly due to the vast
number of different sources ranging from sea spray to agricultural
areas. In particular, there are many open questions regarding the ice
nucleation properties of organic particles released from terrestrial
sources such as decaying plant material. In this work, we present results from laboratory studies investigating
the immersion freezing properties of individual organic compounds
commonly found in plant tissue and complex organic aerosol particles
from vegetated environments, without specifically investigating the
contribution from biological particles, which may contribute to the
overall ice nucleation efficiency observed at high temperatures. To
characterize the ice nucleation properties of plant-related aerosol
samples for temperatures between 242 and 267 K, we used the
Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) cloud
chamber and the Ice Nucleation SpEctrometer of the Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (INSEKT), which is a droplet freezing assay. Individual
plant components (polysaccharides, lignin, soy and rice protein) were
mostly less ice active, or similarly ice active, compared to microcrystalline
cellulose, which has been suggested by recent studies to be a proxy for
quantifying the primary cloud ice formation caused by particles
originating from vegetation. In contrast, samples from ambient sources
with a complex organic matter composition (agricultural soils and leaf
litter) were either similarly ice active or up to 2 orders of
magnitude more ice active than cellulose. Of all individual organic
plant components, only carnauba wax (i.e., lipids) showed a similarly
high ice nucleation activity as that of the samples from vegetated
environments over a temperature range between 245 and 252 K.
Hence, based on our experimental results, we suggest considering
cellulose as being representative for the average ice nucleation
activity of plant-derived particles, whereas lignin and plant proteins
tend to provide a lower limit. In contrast, complex biogenic particles
may exhibit ice nucleation activities which are up to 2 orders of
magnitude higher than observed for cellulose, making ambient
plant-derived particles a potentially important contributor to the
population of ice-nucleating particles in the troposphere, even though
major uncertainties regarding their transport to cloud altitude
remain.
Effects of global ship emissions on European air pollution levels
Authors: Jonson Jan Eiof , Gauss Michael , Schulz Michael , Jalkanen Jukka-Pekka , Fagerli Hilde
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Ship emissions constitute a large,
and so far poorly regulated,
source of air pollution. Emissions are mainly clustered along
major ship routes both in open seas and close to densely
populated shorelines. Major air pollutants emitted include sulfur
dioxide, NOx, and primary particles. Sulfur and
NOx are both major contributors to the formation
of secondary fine particles (PM2.5) and to
acidification and eutrophication. In addition, NOx is a
major precursor for ground-level ozone.
In this paper, we quantify the contributions from international shipping
to European air pollution levels and depositions. This study is based on global and regional model calculations. The
model runs are made with meteorology and emission data
representative of the year 2017 after the tightening of the
SECA (sulfur emission control area) regulations in 2015 but
before the global sulfur cap that came into force in 2020.
The ship emissions have been derived using ship positioning data.
We have also
made model runs reducing sulfur emissions by 80 % corresponding
to the 2020 requirements. This study is based on model
sensitivity studies perturbing emissions from different
sea areas: the northern European SECA in the North Sea
and the Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea, the Atlantic
Ocean close to Europe, shipping in the rest of the world, and
finally all global ship emissions together. Sensitivity studies
have also been made setting lower bounds on the effects of ship plumes
on ozone formation. Both global- and regional-scale calculations show that for
PM2.5 and depositions of oxidised nitrogen and
sulfur, the effects of ship emissions are much larger when emissions occur
close to the shore than at open seas. In many coastal countries,
calculations show that shipping is responsible for 10 % or more of the
controllable PM2.5 concentrations and depositions of oxidised
nitrogen and sulfur. With few exceptions, the results from the global and
regional
calculations are similar.
Our calculations show that substantial reductions
in the contributions from ship emissions to PM2.5 concentrations
and to depositions of sulfur can be expected in European coastal regions
as a result of the implementation of a 0.5 % worldwide limit of the
sulfur
content in marine fuels from 2020. For countries bordering the
North Sea and Baltic Sea SECA, low sulfur emissions have
already resulted in marked reductions in PM2.5 from shipping
before 2020. For ozone, the lifetime in the atmosphere is much
longer than for PM2.5, and the potential for ozone formation
is much larger in otherwise pristine environments. We calculate
considerable
contributions from open sea shipping. As a result, we find that
the largest contributions to ozone in several regions and countries
in Europe are from sea areas well outside European waters.
Increases in surface ozone pollution in China from 2013 to 2019: anthropogenic and meteorological influences
Authors: Li Ke , Jacob Daniel J. , Shen Lu , Lu Xiao , De Smedt Isabelle , Liao Hong
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Surface ozone data from the Chinese Ministry of Ecology
and Environment (MEE) network show sustained increases across the country
over the 2013–2019 period. Despite Phase 2 of the Clean Air Action Plan targeting
ozone pollution, ozone was higher in 2018–2019 than in previous years. The
mean summer 2013–2019 trend in maximum 8 h average (MDA8) ozone was 1.9 ppb a−1 (p<0.01) across China and 3.3 ppb a−1 (p<0.01) over the North China Plain (NCP). Fitting ozone to meteorological
variables with a multiple linear regression model shows that meteorology
played a significant but not dominant role in the 2013–2019 ozone trend,
contributing 0.70 ppb a−1 (p<0.01) across China and 1.4 ppb a−1 (p=0.02) over the NCP. Rising June–July temperatures over the NCP
were the main meteorological driver, particularly in recent years
(2017–2019), and were associated with increased foehn winds. NCP data for
2017–2019 show a 15 % decrease in fine particulate matter (PM2.5)
that may be driving the continued anthropogenic increase in ozone, as well as
unmitigated emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOC emission
reductions, as targeted by Phase 2 of the Chinese Clean Air Action Plan, are
needed to reverse the increase in ozone.
The influence of early experiences and university environment for female students choosing geoscience programs: a case study at Universidad de Chile
Authors: Villaseñor Tania , Celis Sergio , Queupil Juan Pablo , Pinto Luisa , Rojas Maisa
Published: October 2020

Abstract. This case study addresses the experiences of female undergraduate students in the geology and geophysics programs at Universidad de Chile. These majors are part of the Faculty of Physical Sciences and Mathematics (FCFM) and have a relatively large proportion of female representation compared to the other engineering and science majors at FCFM that are dominated by male students. We interviewed 12 female students in geoscience majors to understand (a) the reasons for choosing geoscience as a major and (b) their experiences both at FCFM and in geoscience in an institution with a strong masculine environment that aims to increase women's undergraduate enrollment. We found that the decision to pursue a geoscience career was made during high school, and they maintained this decision during the first years of college, which is heavily focused on mathematics and physics, with no geoscience-related courses. During this early period in college, known as the common core program, students perceived a hostile environment due to high academic demands and gender-based discrimination. Their experiences had a positive shift once they started the geoscience courses in their fifth or sixth semester. The relatively large proportion of female students in the geoscience majors at FCFM creates a positive environment in which the participants developed a sense of belonging in the geoscience community. Students also felt that the feminist movement during 2018 in Chile positively influenced their perspectives on their path at FCFM. These findings give insights for developing strategies to increase early interest, participation, and satisfaction of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines at various educational levels.
A tropopause-related climatological a priori profile for IASI-SOFRID ozone retrievals: improvements and validation
Authors: Barret Brice , Emili Emanuele , Le Flochmoen Eric
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The MetOp/Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instruments have provided data for operational meteorology and
document atmospheric composition since 2007. IASI ozone (O3) data have been used
extensively to characterize the seasonal and interannual variabilities and the evolution
of tropospheric O3 at the global scale. SOftware for a Fast Retrieval of IASI Data (SOFRID) is a fast retrieval algorithm that
provides IASI O3 profiles for the whole IASI period.
Until now, SOFRID O3 retrievals (v1.5 and v1.6) were performed with a
single a priori profile, which resulted in important biases and probably a
too-low variability. For the first time, we have implemented a comprehensive
dynamical a priori profile for spaceborne O3 retrievals which takes the pixel location, time
and tropopause height into account for SOFRID-O3 v3.5
retrievals. In the
present study, we validate SOFRID-O3 v1.6 and v3.5 with electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde profiles
from the global World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre (WOUDC) database for the 2008–2017 period. Our validation is
based on a thorough statistical analysis using Taylor diagrams. Furthermore, we
compare our retrievals with ozonesonde profiles both smoothed by the IASI averaging kernels and raw.
This methodology is essential to
evaluate the inherent usefulness of the retrievals to assess O3 variability and trends. The use of
a dynamical a priori profile largely improves the retrievals concerning two main
aspects: (i) it corrects high biases for low-tropospheric O3 regions such as
the Southern
Hemisphere, and (ii) it increases the retrieved O3 variability, leading to a
better agreement with ozonesonde data. Concerning upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) and stratospheric O3,
the improvements are less important and the biases are very similar for both
versions. The SOFRID tropospheric ozone columns (TOCs)
display no significant drifts (<2.5 %) for the Northern Hemisphere
and significant negative ones (9.5 % for v1.6 and 4.3 % for v3.5) for the Southern Hemisphere. We
have compared our validation results to those of the Fast Optimal Retrievals on Layers for IASI (FORLI)
retrieval software from the
literature for smoothed ozonesonde data only. This comparison highlights three
main differences:
(i) FORLI retrievals contain more theoretical information about tropospheric O3
than SOFRID;
(ii) root mean square differences (RMSDs) are smaller and correlation
coefficients are higher for SOFRID than for FORLI; (iii) in the Northern
Hemisphere, the 2010 jump detected in FORLI TOCs is not
present in SOFRID.
Evaluation of UV aerosol retrievals from an ozone lidar
Authors: Kuang Shi , Wang Bo , Newchurch Michael J. , Knupp Kevin , Tucker Paula , Eloranta Edwin W. , Garcia Joseph P. , Razenkov Ilya , Sullivan John T. , Berkoff Timothy A. , Gronoff Guillaume , Lei Liqiao , Senff Christoph J. , Langford Andrew O. , Leblanc Thierry , Natraj Vijay
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Aerosol retrieval using ozone lidars in the ultraviolet spectral region is
challenging but necessary for correcting aerosol interference in ozone
retrieval and for studying the ozone–aerosol correlations. This study
describes the aerosol retrieval algorithm for a tropospheric ozone lidar,
quantifies the retrieval error budget, and intercompares the aerosol
retrieval products at 299 nm with those at 532 nm from a high spectral
resolution lidar (HSRL) and with those at 340 nm from an AErosol RObotic NETwork radiometer. After the cloud-contaminated data are filtered out, the
aerosol backscatter or extinction coefficients at 30 m and 10 min resolutions retrieved by the ozone lidar are highly correlated with the HSRL
products, with a coefficient of 0.95 suggesting that the ozone lidar can
reliably measure aerosol structures with high spatiotemporal resolution
when the signal-to-noise ratio is sufficient. The actual uncertainties of
the aerosol retrieval from the ozone lidar generally agree with our
theoretical analysis. The backscatter color ratio (backscatter-related
exponent of wavelength dependence) linking the coincident data measured by
the two instruments at 299 and 532 nm is 1.34±0.11, while the
Ångström (extinction-related) exponent is 1.49±0.16 for a
mixture of urban and fire smoke aerosols within the troposphere above
Huntsville, AL, USA.
Satellite Imagery and Products of the 16–17 February 2020 Saharan Air Layer Dust Event over the Eastern Atlantic: Impacts of Water Vapor on Dust Detection and Morphology
Authors: Grasso Lewis , Bikos Dan , Torres Jorel , Dostalek John F. , Wu Ting-Chi , Forsythe John , Cronk Heather Q. , Seaman Curtis J. , Miller Steven D. , Berndt Emily , Weinman Harry G. , Kasper Kennard B.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. On 16–17 February 2020, dust within a Saharan Air Layer (SAL) from western Africa moved over the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Satellite imagery and products from ABI on GOES-16, VIIRS on NOAA-20, and CALIOP on CALIPSO along with retrieved values of layer and total precipitable water (TPW) from MiRS and NUCAPS, respectively, were used to identify dust within the SAL over the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Use of various satellite imagery and products were also used to characterize the distribution of water vapor within the SAL. There was a distinct pattern between dust detection and dust masking and values of precipitable water. Specifically, dust was detected when values of layer or TPW were approximately 14 mm; in addition, dust was masked when values of layer or TPW were approximately 28 mm. In other words, water vapor masked infrared dust detection if sufficient amounts of water vapor existed in a column. Results herein provide observational support to two recent numerical studies that concluded water vapor can mask infrared detection of airborne dust.
Rapid flood risk screening model for compound flood events in Beira, Mozambique
Authors: van Berchum Erik C. , van Ledden Mathijs , Timmermans Jos S. , Kwakkel Jan H. , Jonkman Sebastiaan N.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Coastal cities combine intensive socioeconomic
activities and investments with high exposure to flood hazards. Developing
effective strategies to manage flood risk in coastal cities is often a
costly and complicated process. In designing strategies, engineers rely on
computationally demanding flood simulation models, but they can only compare
a limited number of strategies due to computational constraints. This limits
the efficacy of standard flood simulation models in the crucial conceptual
phase of flood risk management. This paper presents the Flood Risk Reduction
Evaluation and Screening (FLORES) model, which provides useful risk
information in this early conceptual phase. FLORES rapidly performs numerous
simulations and compares the impact of many storms, strategies, and future
scenarios. This article presents FLORES and demonstrates its merits in a
case study for Beira, Mozambique. Our results demonstrate that expansion of
the drainage capacity and strengthening of its coastal protection in the
southwest are crucial components of any effective flood risk management
strategy for Beira.
Building hazard maps with differentiated risk perception for flood impact assessment
Authors: Bhola Punit K. , Leandro Jorge , Disse Markus
Published: October 2020

Abstract. In operational flood risk management, a single
best model is used to assess the impact of flooding, which might misrepresent
uncertainties in the modelling process. We have used quantified
uncertainties in flood forecasting to generate flood hazard maps that were
combined based on different exceedance probability scenarios. The purpose is
to differentiate the impacts of flooding depending on the building use, enabling, therefore, more flexibility for stakeholders' variable risk
perception profiles. The aim of the study is thus to develop a novel
methodology that uses a multi-model combination of flood forecasting models
to generate flood hazard maps with differentiated exceedance probability.
These maps take into account uncertainties stemming from the rainfall–runoff
generation process and could be used by decision makers for a variety of
purposes in which the building use plays a significant role, e.g. flood
impact assessment, spatial planning, early warning and emergency planning.
FORÇANTES DINÂMICAS E TÉRMICAS ASSOCIADAS A UM CASO DE PRECIPITAÇÃO INTENSA SOBRE O RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL
Authors: Dorneles Viviane Rodrigues , Riquetti Nelva Bugoni , Nunes André
Published: October 2020

A análise dos casos de eventos extremos de precipitação, e o conhecimento dos processos que os ocasionaram, é fundamental para o planejamento das condições de risco e identificação dos impactos sobre a drenagem da área. Em vista disso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo a análise do ambiente de grande escala que propiciou a ocorrência de um sistema convectivo de mesoescala sobre o Rio Grande do Sul (RS) entre 20 e 25 de setembro de 2015, quando chuvas intensas, vento e granizos atingiram as regiões sul e nordeste do RS. A análise sinótica foi realizada empregando dados de reanálise do MERRA-2 e imagens do satélite GOES-13. Os resultados indicam a influência de sistemas termo-orográficos, como a Baixa do Noroeste Argentino (intensificada pelo Jato de Baixos Níveis), e sistemas dinâmicos, como o cavado a barlavento em altos níveis.
Entre a conversão antropológica e a regressão ética: uma apologia do decrescimento no debate ecopolítico atual
Authors: Targa Dante Carvalho
Published: October 2020

Resenha do livro:Besson-Girard, J-C. Por uma conversão antropológica: o decrescimento é a saída do labirinto. In: Léna, P.; Nascimento, E. P. (Orgs.). Enfrentando os limites do crescimento: Sustentabilidade, decrescimento e prosperidade. Rio de Janeiro: Garamond, p. 371-380, 2012.
THE SCOUT METHOD PROTECTS THE PERCEPTION AND WORKING MEMORY OF OUR YOUNG PEOPLE AGAINST THE NEGATIVE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS
Authors: Louragli Ismail , Taalab Yasmeen M. , Aboussaleh Youssef , Khadmaoui Abderrazak , Bikri Samir , Hafid Afaf , Benmhammed Hajar , Benmhammed Hajar , Touil Driss , Hakim Harchaoui , Ahami Ahmed
Published: October 2020

Social networks are effective and easy-to-use means of communication in the modern age technology. They remarkably influence the young users’ behavior being so entranced in such a virtual world which would easily develop into addiction. In this study we aim to measure the impact of addiction to Facebook on perception and working memory comparing two groups of young people, and how to protect scouting young people against this attachment or addiction.

The study was carried out in the national center of scouting of Morocco at Ibn Tofail University on 53 master students with an average age of 24.45 years and 50 young scout leaders of Hassania Marocain scouting, who have an average age of 24.06. The educational level of these young people is between the 1st year of higher studies and the master degree. Digital test of complex Rey-Osterrieth figure and a Facebook addiction test questionnaire were used.

The comparison of the means of attachment to Facebook between the two studied groups using T-test showed significant result (t = -2.510; P = .014 <0.05) with scout leaders demonstrated higher average of attachment to Facebook than that detected by master students. The results showed a statistically significant negative correlation between the hours consumed per day on Facebook and the perception and working memory. The perception of young Scout leaders is better than that of master students.

We concluded that attachment to social networks influences working memory and perception, while the Scout method would serve as a new remedy for this scourge.
USE OF VALPROIC ACID FOR THE TREATMENT OF NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS IN ACQUIRED BRAIN INJURIES
Authors: Bidzan Leszek
Published: October 2020

Acquired brain injuries are often accompanied by a series of neuropsychiatric disorders. A wide range of pharmacological agents are used to treat neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, a more indepth review of the agents used indicates that there are in fact relatively few procedures recommended for use. Anticonvulsants including valproic acid, are of particular interest. This research aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of valproic acid, as based on a naturalistic observation of patients with various forms of acquired brain injury and who had displayed neuropsychiatric symptoms.

The study group consisted of individuals (N = 43) who were treated with valproic acid as the first choice of drug. Both the initial dose and its size during further treatment, as well as the treatment method, were determined based on medical indications. The mental state of the patients was assessed twice: at the time of enrolment for the study and after 12 months. The Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) was used for the assessment. In addition, the degree of cognitive dysfunction was assessed during the baseline study using the MMSE scale. Eventually, 24 individuals were accepted for statistical analysis. They were re-examined after 12 months and took only valproic acid during that period.

24 out of 43 individuals qualified for the study completed the 12-month observation period. 11 respondents were excluded from the study due to their inappropriate tolerance. The reported side effects were of a temporary nature (except for hair loss) and of a mild or moderate intensity. It was observed that aggressive and impulsive behaviours were significantly reduced in the study group. The positive therapeutic effect concerned all categories in the CMAI scale, except for verbal aggression. The therapeutic effect of the valproic acid was varied depending on the degree of cognitive impairments. Statistical significance for higher MMSE scores was obtained only for the category of non-aggressive verbal disorders. On the other hand, in the case of lower MMSE scores a significant reduction was observed both in the categories of non-aggressive and aggressive physical behaviours, as well as for the overall CMAI scale result.

The results obtained seem to indicate a satisfactory efficacy and acceptable tolerance of valproic acid in the treatment of the neuropsychiatric symptoms accompanying acquired brain injuries.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF COGNITIVE DISORDERS IN PATIENT WITH CLIPPERS SYNDROME
Authors: Peda Barbara , Kotlęga Dariusz , Masztalewicz Marta
Published: October 2020

Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is a novel inflammatory central nervous system disorder. The diagnosis is made on the basis of the radiological, neurological, neuropathological data and responsiveness to steroids treatment. The aim of this paper is to present a neuropsychological characteristic of cognitive, executive and linguistic symptoms characteristic for patient with CLIPPERS disease.

In this paper we present the case of a 42-year-old woman with hyperintense punctate foci in the pons, cerebellum, midbrain, thalamus, white matter of occipital lobes, with a short-term verbal memory deficits, mild deficiency in verbal and procedural learning, executive dysfunctions, hand-eye coordination impairment, psychomotor speed disabilities and dysarthria, associated with a chronic lymphocytic inflammation.

In this challenging diagnosis of CLIPPERS, neuropsychological analysis of cognitive functions can be important to optimize the diagnosis and treatment.
O estudo de produtos notáveis através da investigação matemática
Authors: Santos Fabrycia Maria Teodoro , Pereira Arthur Zall io Alves , Almeida Adriana Ol iveira
Published: October 2020

Este artigo se propõe a abordar como o ensino de álgebra tem sido proposto pelos autores nas séries finais do Ensino Fundamental, na perspectiva da investigação Matemática, ou seja, deixando de lado a reprodução mecânica e tradicional de algoritmos. Acreditando em uma abordagem diferenciada dentro do ensino da Matemática, uma atividade investigativa referente ao caso “Quadrado da soma de dois termos” de produtos notáveis foi aplicada a alunos que concluíram o 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental em 2017. Constatou-se que, mesmo sem conhecimentos de álgebra, os alunos conseguiram, por meio da observação, chegar ao algoritmo de uma forma mais significativa, sem recorrer a fórmulas prontas e memorizadas.
Summaries
Authors: Degutienė Sigita
Published: October 2020

SUMMARIES
Valorization of Lignocellulosic and Microalgae Biomass
Authors: Kwaku Armah Edward , Chetty Maggie , Adebisi Adedeji Jeremiah , Tyoker Kukwa Donald
Published: October 2020

Lignocellulosic biomass has gained increasing recognition in the past decades for the production of value-added products (VAPs). Biomass feedstocks obtained from various sources, their composition, and pretreatment techniques employed for delignification into bioenergy production are discussed. The conversion processes of biomass into VAPs involve various methods. Notable among them are biochemical conversions; namely, anaerobic digestion and ethanol fermentation, and thermo-chemical conversions; namely, pyrolysis and gasification which are considered in this chapter. Microalgae can adapt to changes in the environment, producing biomass that serves as a precursor for a variety of biomolecules, such as proteins, which find their application in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and biofuel industries. Suitable strains of freshwater microalgae biomass contain high levels of lipid which can be harnessed for bioenergy production. Hence, the advancement in the conversion of biomass into VAPs could help scientists and environmentalists for sustainable use of biomass in future developments.