bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Analysis of Working Device of Excavator under Limit Digging Force
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Sun Haoran , Feng Minghao , Ren Zhigui , Liu Jurong
Published: June 2021

In order to more accurately analyze the dynamic characteristics of the working device of the hydraulic excavator. The load changes on the two digging trajectories were calculated and analyzed by using the limit digging force model and the theoretical digging force model, respectively. The rigid-flexible coupling model of the working device was established in ADAMS. Taking the limit digging force (LDF) and the theoretical digging force (TDF) as the external load of the working device, the dynamic simulation of the hinge force of the working device in the two trajectories was carried out, and the structural strength analysis of the bucket was carried out by using ANSYS. The results show that the tangential force of the LDF is generally larger than that of the TDF, the hinge point force of the working device changes dynamically with the external load of the tooling, and the influence of the LDF on the hinge point force is greater than that of the TDF. When the LDF is taken as the external load, the structural strength of the bucket meets the operational requirements.
Composition and structure design of three-layered composite phosphors for high color rendering chip-on-board light-emitting diode devices
Authors: Liu Xin , Qian Xinglu , Zheng Peng , Chen Xiaopu , Feng Yagang , Shi Yun , Zou Jun , Xie Rongjun , Li Jiang
Published: June 2021

A three-layered phosphor structure was designed and prepared by the spin coating of BaSi2N2O2:Eu (cyan-emitting) and (Sr,Ca)AlSiN3:Eu (red-emitting) phosphor films on the yellow-emitting Y3Al5O12:Ce (YAG:Ce) phosphor ceramic synthesized by the solid-state reaction under vacuum sintering. In order to achieve high color rendering lighting, the influence of the composition and structure of the three-layered phosphors on the optical, thermal, and electrical properties of the chip-on-board (COB) packaged white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) was studied systematically. The WLED with the structure of “red+cyan+yellow” (R+C+Y) three-layered phosphor generated neutral white light and had a luminous efficacy of 75 lm/W, the fidelity index (Rf) of 93, the gamut index (Rg) of 97, and the correlated color temperature (CCT) of 3852 K. Under the excitation of laser diode (LD), the layer-structured phosphor yielded the white light with a luminous efficacy of 120 lm/W, color rendering index (CRI) of 90, and CCT of 5988 K. The result indicates that the three-layered phosphor structure is a promising candidate to achieve high color rendering and high luminous efficacy lighting.
Recommendations for an Open Science approach to welding process research data
Authors: Fabry Cagtay , Pittner Andreas , Hirthammer Volker , Rethmeier Michael
Published: June 2021

The increasing adoption of Open Science principles has been a prevalent topic in the welding science community over the last years. Providing access to welding knowledge in the form of complex and complete datasets in addition to peer-reviewed publications can be identified as an important step to promote knowledge exchange and cooperation. There exist previous efforts on building data models specifically for fusion welding applications; however, a common agreed upon implementation that is used by the community is still lacking. One proven approach in other domains has been the use of an openly accessible and agreed upon file and data format used for archiving and sharing domain knowledge in the form of experimental data. Going into a similar direction, the welding community faces particular practical, technical, and also ideological challenges that are discussed in this paper. Collaboratively building upon previous work with modern tools and platforms, the authors motivate, propose, and outline the use of a common file format specifically tailored to the needs of the welding research community as a complement to other already established Open Science practices. Successfully establishing a culture of openly accessible research data has the potential to significantly stimulate progress in welding research.
Treatment with a DPP-4 inhibitor at time of hospital admission for COVID-19 is not associated with improved clinical outcomes: data from the COVID-PREDICT cohort study in The Netherlands
Authors: Meijer Rick I. , Hoekstra Trynke , van den Oever Niels C. Gritters , Simsek Suat , van den Bergh Joop P. , Douma Renée A. , Reidinga Auke C. , Moeniralam Hazra S. , Dormans Tom ,   Amsterdam UMC COVID-19 biobank study group, Smits Mark M.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-)4 could reduce coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity by reducing inflammation and enhancing tissue repair beyond glucose lowering. We aimed to assess this in a prospective cohort study.

Methods

We studied in 565 patients with type 2 diabetes in the CovidPredict Clinical Course Cohort whether use of a DPP-4 inhibitor prior to hospital admission due to COVID-19 was associated with improved clinical outcomes. Using crude analyses and propensity score matching (on age, sex and BMI), 28 patients using a DPP-4 inhibitor were identified and compared to non-users.

Results

No differences were found in the primary outcome mortality (matched-analysis = odds-ratio: 0,94 [95% confidence interval: 0,69 – 1,28], p-value: 0,689) or any of the secondary outcomes (ICU admission, invasive ventilation, thrombotic events or infectious complications). Additional analyses comparing users of DPP-4 inhibitors with subgroups of non-users (subgroup 1: users of metformin and sulphonylurea; subgroup 2: users of any insulin combination), allowing to correct for diabetes severity, did not yield different results.

Conclusions

We conclude that outpatient use of a DPP-4 inhibitor does not affect the clinical outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes who are hospitalized because of COVID-19 infection.
Robust estimation for multivariate wrapped models
Authors: Saraceno Giovanni , Agostinelli Claudio , Greco Luca
Published: June 2021

A weighted likelihood technique for robust estimation of multivariate Wrapped distributions of data points scattered on a$$p-$$p-dimensional torus is proposed. The occurrence of outliers in the sample at hand can badly compromise inference for standard techniques such as maximum likelihood method. Therefore, there is the need to handle such model inadequacies in the fitting process by a robust technique and an effective downweighting of observations not following the assumed model. Furthermore, the employ of a robust method could help in situations of hidden and unexpected substructures in the data. Here, it is suggested to build a set of data-dependent weights based on the Pearson residuals and solve the corresponding weighted likelihood estimating equations. In particular, robust estimation is carried out by using a Classification EM algorithm whose M-step is enhanced by the computation of weights based on current parameters’ values. The finite sample behavior of the proposed method has been investigated by a Monte Carlo numerical study and real data examples.
The association between social media addiction and eating disturbances is mediated by muscle dysmorphia-related symptoms: a cross-sectional study in a sample of young adults
Authors: Imperatori Claudio , Panno Angelo , Carbone Giuseppe Alessio , Corazza Ornella , Taddei Ines , Bernabei Laura , Massullo Chiara , Prevete Elisabeth , Tarsitani Lorenzo , Pasquini Massimo , Farina Benedetto , Biondi Massimo , Bersani Francesco Saverio
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Although the association between problematic use of the internet and eating disorders (EDs) in young adults has been previously established, its underlying mechanisms have not been completely clarified. It has been suggested that exposure to idealized very thin and toned body images (e.g., “thinspiration” and “fitspiration” trends) on social media might lead to increased feelings of body dissatisfaction which, in turn, can represent a trigger for EDs. We have tested this hypothesis in a sample (N = 721) of young adults (504 females, mean age: 24.13 ± 3.70 years; range 18–34).

Methods

Self-report measures investigating symptoms related to social media addiction (SMA), muscle dysmorphia (MD), and EDs were used. A mediational model analyzing the direct and indirect effects of SMA-related symptoms on ED-related symptoms through the mediating role of MD-related symptoms was performed controlling for confounding factors (e.g., socio-demographic variables, substances use, body mass index, psychopathological distress).

Results

The model showed that the total effect of SMA-related symptoms on ED-related symptoms was significant (B = 0.213; p = 0.022) and that this association was mediated by MD-related symptoms (B = 0.083; p = 0.021).

Discussion

Our findings support the possibility that MD-related symptoms play a relevant role in mediating the association between SMA severity and ED pathology.

Level of evidence

Level III, evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies.
Studies on the Mechanical Properties of Dry, Saturated, and Frozen Marls Using Destructive and Non-destructive Laboratory Approaches
Authors: Davarpanah Seyed Morteza , Sharghi Mohammad , Tarifard Abolfazl , Török Ákos , Vásárhelyi Balázs
Published: June 2021

The mechanical properties of frozen rocks vary significantly from the properties of the same lithology under ambient temperature. The goal of this paper is to investigate these changes in the physical and mechanical properties of rocks due to saturation and freezing. Besides, the attention was paid on discovering new correlations between the mechanical characteristics. To fulfill these objectives, 36 uniaxial compressive strength tests, 36 Brazilian splitting tests, and 48 point load tests were carried out. The samples were tested in air dry, water saturated, and frozen (− 20 °C) conditions. The measured physical and mechanical parameters were analyzed by using regression analyses. It was found that the average uniaxial compressive strength of frozen samples (21.93 MPa) is 86.4% more than saturated ones (11.76 MPa) but 25.9% less than dry specimens (29.62 MPa). Additionally, high correlations were established between uniaxial compressive strength and IS(50) under air-dry, saturated, and frozen conditions for the investigated marl samples. Furthermore, it is of particular interest to observe a high correlation with the determination coefficient (R2 = 0.95) between the constants of previously published linear regressions of UCS- Is(50) under dry status.
Evaluation of Intercropping Legume Covers with Maize on Soil Moisture Improvement in Misrak Azerinet Berbere woreda, SNNPR, Ethiopia
Authors: Bekele Bagegnehu , Ademe Dagnaw , Gemi Yenealem , Habtemariam Temesgen
Published: June 2021

In Ethiopia, particularly Southern Regional State dry land crop productivity is majorly influenced by low soil moisture stress. The current study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of intercropping maize with legumes covers on Soil Moisture improvement at Misrak Azerinet Berbere woreda. Seven treatments evaluated were vetch with maize, lablab with maize, vetch only, lablab only, and maize only. The experimental design was in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in a permanent plot. Disturbed soil samples were collected from the intra-row spacing from both intercropped and non-intercropped plots from the depth of 0–20 cm and composited for soil moisture analysis. The yield and biomass of maize and legume shrubs have been collected. The Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) was computed to evaluate the land productivity of intercropped combinations. The result reveals that in both years, yield, biomass, and soil moisture content were not significant (p > 0.05) at a statistically significant level. After crop harvest, maize with lablab has better soil moisture relative to other combinations (first year). In both years, the soil moisture content in the soil was reduced in the sole crop of maize compared with sole vetch. However, the soil moisture content in the soil was increased in maize intercropped with lablab in both development stage and after harvest compared with maize intercropped with vetch. Both legume shrubs under mono and intercropped conditions conserve soil moisture relative to maize under mono cropped conditions. This implies the benefit of legume shrubs on soil moisture conservation both planted under mono cropped conditions and intercropped conditions. It is concluded that the combination of intercropping maize with legume shrubs could substantially increase soil moisture conservation and improve the overall land productivity. Therefore, for maximum maize production, farmers in the area should plant maize with a combination of vetch and lablab. Additionally, farmers should practice double cropping with the residual soil moisture from legume and its combinations.
Multi-objective optimization of AAJM process parameters for cutting of B4C/Gr particles reinforced Al 7075 composites using RSM-TOPSIS approach
Authors: Kolli Murahari , Ram Prasad A. V. S , Naresh Dasari Sai
Published: June 2021

The present study deals with the machining of hybrid Al 7075/B4C/Gr composite using Abrasive Aqua Jet Machining. The effects of selected input factors, i.e., water jet pressure (WJP), stand-off distance (SOD), and traverse speed (TS) on the performance characteristics, namely taper angle (TA), surface roughness (Ra), and the material removal rate (MRR) are investigated. The experimental runs and test strategies are formulated using the Response Surface Methodology-Central Composite Design approach. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to examine the effect of input factors and their interactions with performance characteristics. MRR, Ra, and TA optimum condition and mathematical equations were also developed. Further, the multi-optimization method “Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution” is considered to find out the best combinations of input factors for optimized output factors on the hybrid composite. The ANOVA results confirm that among the input factors, WJP and SOD are the most significant factors, and the percentage distribution of input factors are found to be jet pressure (55.21%), stand-off distance (23.36%), and traverse speed (2.56%). The multi-objective optimum conditions of the input factors are WJP (A1) 210 bar, SOD (B1), and TS (C3) 30 mm/min, that produce optimal values of the considered responses, i.e., MRR up to 4.8703 mm3/min, Ra up to 3.57 μm and TA up to 0.189°. The TA has improved by 49.6% through the multi-objective optimum results when compared with single parameter optimized results.

Article Highlights

Hybrid Al7075/B4C/Gr composite fabricated through the rotary stir casting technique

Experimental planning and designing layouts using Response Surface Methodology scheme and mathematical equations are produced with Design Expert 11.0.

The best TA was obtained by RSM-TOPSIS approach, found at a lower WJP and SOD and a higher TS.
Feasibility and short-term outcome of laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection in rectal cancer at an University Center
Authors: Huu Thinh Nguyen , Duc Huy Tran , Thanh Truc Thai , Ngoc Truong Vinh Pham , Van Viet Ung , Le Trinh Ngoc An , Le Trung Kien , Xuan Hung Tran , Hoang Bac Nguyen
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:

Optimal treatments for lateral pelvic lymph node (LPLN) metastasis still remain controversial. Total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery combined with lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) has 5-years pelvic recurrence lower than TME alone. LPLND had been adopted widely in Japan and around the world, but the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic LPLND in Vietnam have not been yet documented.

Methods:

A prospective, single group intervention study was conducted at our center. We recruited patients who had low rectal cancer (below peritoneal reflection) and LPLN with short-axis larger than 5 mm on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Those who were over 80 years old and had severe comorbidity with life expectancy fewer than 5 years were excluded.

Results:

From 01/2017 to 7/2019 we performed 22 laparoscopic LPLND. There was no conversion from laparoscopy to open procedure. The mean time for laparoscopic LPLND alone was 70 minutes and the average blood loss was 96.8 ml. Urinary retention occurred in 5 cases (22.7%). The incidence of positive LPLN was 45%, the mean lymph node harvested was 6. Short-axis and long-axis of LPLN on MRI were 13 mm and 19.5 mm in metastatic LPLN group comparing to 6.3 mm and 9.1 mm in non-metastatic group.

Conclusions:

Laparoscopic LPLND in low rectal cancer was a safe and feasible procedure with a low incidence of postoperative complications, low blood loss and short hospital stay. Laparoscopic LPLND should be indicated for patients with low rectal cancer, targeting those who have swollen LPLN on MRI.

Highlights
A Logical Model for Predicting Minority Representation: Application to Redistricting and Voting Rights Cases
Authors: ATSUSAKA YUKI
Published: June 2021

Understanding when and why minority candidates emerge and win in particular districts entails critical implications for redistricting and the Voting Rights Act. I introduce a quantitatively predictive logical model of minority candidate emergence and electoral success—a mathematical formula based on deductive logic that can logically explain and accurately predict the exact probability at which minority candidates run for office and win in given districts. I show that the logical model can predict about 90% of minority candidate emergence and 95% of electoral success by leveraging unique data of mayoral elections in Louisiana from 1986 to 2016 and state legislative general elections in 36 states in 2012 and 2014. I demonstrate that the logical model can be used to answer many important questions about minority representation in redistricting and voting rights cases. All applications of the model can be easily implemented via an open-source software logical.
BOOTSTRAP INFERENCE FOR MULTIPLE CHANGE-POINTS IN TIME SERIES
Authors: Ng Wai Leong , Pan Shenyi , Yau Chun Yip
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we propose two bootstrap procedures, namely parametric and block bootstrap, to approximate the finite sample distribution of change-point estimators for piecewise stationary time series. The bootstrap procedures are then used to develop a generalized likelihood ratio scan method (GLRSM) for multiple change-point inference in piecewise stationary time series, which estimates the number and locations of change-points and provides a confidence interval for each change-point. The computational complexity of using GLRSM for multiple change-point detection is as low as

$O(n(\log n)^{3})$
for a series of length n. Extensive simulation studies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology under different scenarios. Applications to financial time series are also illustrated.
Spatial inequalities of retail food stores may determine availability of healthful food choices in a Brazilian metropolis
Authors: Lopes Mariana Souza , Caiaffa Waleska Teixeira , Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza , do Carmo Ariene Silva , Barber Sharrelle , Mendes Larissa Loures , Friche Amélia Augusta de Lima
Published: June 2021

Objective:

To examine the association between economic residential segregation and food environment.

Design:

Ecological: Food stores categorised according to the NOVA classification were geocoded, and absolute availability was calculated for each neighbourhood. Segregation was measured using local Gi*statistic, a measure of thesdbetween the economic composition of a neighbourhood (the proportion of heads of households in neighbourhoods earn monthly income of 0 to 3 minimum wages) and larger metropolitan area, weighted by the economic composition of surrounding neighbourhoods. Segregation was categorised as high (most segregated), medium (integrated) and low (less segregated or integrated). A proportional odds models were used to model the association between segregation and food environment.

Setting:

Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Participants:

Food stores.

Results:

After adjustment for covariates, neighbourhoods characterised by high economic segregation had fewer food stores overall compared with neighbourhoods characterised by low segregation (OR = 0·56; 95 % CI (0·45, 0·69)). In addition, high segregated neighbourhoods were 49 % (OR = 0·51; 95 % CI (0·42, 0·61)) and 45 % (OR = 0·55; 95 % CI (0·45, 0·67)) less likely to have a high number of food stores that predominantly marketed ultra-processed foods and mixed food stores, respectively, as compared with their counterparts.

Conclusions:

Economic segregation is associated with differences in the distribution of food stores. Both low and high segregation territories should be prioritised by public policies to ensure healthy and adequate nutrition as a right for all communities. The former must continue to be protected from access to unhealthy commercial food outlets, while the latter must be the locus of actions that limit the availability of unhealthy commercial food store.
Yellow River's Contribution to the Building of Yangtze Delta During the Last 500 Years ‐ Evidence From Detrital Zircon U‐Pb Geochronology
Authors: Shang Yuan , Nian Xiaomei , Zhang Weiguo , Wang Feng
Published: June 2021

The Yangtze Delta (YD), as one of the world mega deltas, its formation process has long been the subject of research. Previous study has proposed a remote connection of the Yellow River (YR) to the building of the YD over the past 600–400 years. However, complex source‐sink routing system of the YD sediment and lack of diagnostic provenance tools have hampered further understanding of this process. Inferred from detrital zircon U‐Pb geochronology, this study revealed an increased and significant contribution of the reworked YR sediment to the YD (up to 26%) since ca. 500 a during the period YR shifted its lower courses and entered the southern Yellow Sea. This study not only highlights the impact of human activity on the formation of the world's large delta but also addresses the intricate interplay between neighboring deltas through marine dynamics, for example, alongshore and tidal currents.
Observation of Nonuniform Energy Dissipation in the Electron Diffusion Region of Magnetopause Reconnection
Authors: Dong X.‐C. , Dunlop M. W. , Wang T.‐Y. , Zhao J.‐S. , Fu H.‐S. , Chen Z.‐Z. , Russell C. T. , Giles B. , Ergun R. , Lindqvist P.
Published: June 2021

We use Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) data to investigate the energy dissipation in a magnetopause reconnection electron diffusion region (EDR) event with moderate guide field. The four MMS spacecraft were separated by about 10 km so that comparative study among spacecraft within the EDR can be implemented. Similar magnetic field and electric current properties at each spacecraft indicate the formation of a quasi‐homogeneous magnetic and current structure in the diffusion region. However, we find that the energy dissipations detected by each spacecraft are still different due to the temporal or spatial effect of the out‐of‐plane reconnection electric field () within the dissipation region. Our study suggests that the nonuniform or unsteady energy dissipation in the reconnection EDR may be a universal process.
Upscaling Heat Flow in Porous Media With Periodic Surface Temperature Fluctuation Using a One‐Dimensional Subordinated Heat Transfer Equation
Authors: Zhang Yong , Yu Xiangnan , Fleckenstein Jan H. , Sun HongGuang , Lu Chengpeng , Yin Maosheng , Ma Rui , Salsky Kate , Wei Wei , Zheng Chunmiao
Published: June 2021

The one‐dimensional (1‐d), constant‐parameter heat transport equation (HTE) built upon Fourier's law proposed in 1822 has been widely used to model heat transport in soil, where the core question is how to fit the observed temperature time series without detailed geomedium heterogeneity being mapped in the model. To address this question, this study extended the classical HTE by adding one parameter (the time index) using the time subordination approach to capture the impact of random operational times spent by individual heat parcels on heat dynamics. This led to a parsimonious, 1‐d, Subordinated HTE (Sub‐HTE), which assumes the temporally non‐Fourier heat transport and contains the classical HTE as an end member, with analytical solutions aimed at upscaling local heat transport in heterogeneous porous media. To test this approach, temperature time‐series were collected in unsaturated soils built in the laboratory that were subjected to periodic surface temperature fluctuations. Model applications showed that, although the HTE captures the general shape of the observed temperature time series, the Sub‐HTE is a mild improvement of the HTE in characterizing the nuances of temperature amplitude attenuation (likely due to the small operational time at the intermediate/late time stages). Both Eulerian and Lagrangian frameworks were developed to interpret other dynamics in heat flow, including the early time temperature jump and phase advance. Parameter analyses also revealed that the thermal front velocity in the Sub‐HTE is a function of Darcy flux, the time index, and the system's thermal properties, while the thermal diffusivity (the only parameter related to thermal properties in the Sub‐HTE) can be scale independent. Therefore, the 1‐d Sub‐HTE can be a reliable generalization of the classical 1‐d HTE in upscaling heat transport in soil.
Observability‐Based Sensor Placement Improves Contaminant Tracing in River Networks
Authors: Bartos Matthew , Kerkez Branko
Published: June 2021

This study presents a new methodology for identifying near‐optimal sensor locations for contaminant source tracing in river networks. We define an optimal sensor placement as one that enables the best overall reconstruction of contaminant concentrations from observed data. To establish a physical basis for the problem, we first derive a linear time‐invariant (LTI) model for riverine contaminant transport using the one‐dimensional advection‐reaction‐diffusion equation. We then formulate an optimization problem to find the sensor placement that maximizes the observability of the modeled system and identify two heuristics for efficiently achieving this goal. By evaluating each sensor placement strategy on its ability to reconstruct initial contaminant loads from observed outputs, we find that the best sensor placement is obtained by maximizing the rank of the LTI system's Observability Gramian. This sensor placement strategy enables the best overall reconstruction of both magnitudes and distributions of nonpoint‐source contaminants. Our methodology will enable researchers to build sensor networks that better interpolate pollutant loads in ungauged locations, improve contaminant source identification, and inform more effective pollution control strategies.
A Signal Processing Approach to Correct Systematic Bias in Trend and Variability in Climate Model Simulations
Authors: Kusumastuti Cilcia , Jiang Ze , Mehrotra Rajeshwar , Sharma Ashish
Published: June 2021

Bias correction of General Circulation Model (GCM) is now an essential part of climate change studies. However, the climate change trend has been overlooked in majority of bias correction approaches. Here, a novel signal processing‐based approach for correcting systematic biases in the time‐varying trend of GCM simulations is proposed. The approach corrects for systematic deviations in spectral attributes of raw GCM simulations using discrete wavelet transforms. The order one and two moments of the underlying trend represented by the lowest frequency of wavelet component are corrected to ensure continuity in the corrected time series from the current to the future simulation period. The approach is applied to correct two data sets that exhibit opposite time‐varying trends representing the global mean sea level (GMSL) and the Arctic sea‐ice extent. Results indicate that bias in trend is corrected, while continuity in time and observed variability at all frequencies in current climate simulations are maintained.
Improving the Resolving Power of InSAR for Earthquakes Using Time Series: A Case Study in Iran
Authors: Liu F. , Elliott J. R. , Craig T. J. , Hooper A. , Wright T. J.
Published: June 2021

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is an established method to measure earthquake surface displacements. However, due to decorrelation and atmospheric noise, only a certain fraction of earthquakes is readily observable with single interferograms. To enhance the potential of retrieving InSAR earthquake observations, we apply InSAR time series analysis and use several recent earthquakes (Mw 5.6–6.3, 2018–2019) in Iran as case studies. We find that the coseismic displacement signals of these earthquakes, which might not be discernible within single interferograms, are better resolved using our approach. We reconstruct the coseismic deformation fields by fitting surface displacements using a time series approach. We find that the reconstructed coseismic deformation fields yield more robust and seismologically consistent earthquake modeling results when compared to single coseismic interferograms. Our work suggests that a time series approach is an effective way to improve the resolving power of InSAR for earthquake studies.
Prospect of Increased Disruption to the QBO in a Changing Climate
Authors: Anstey James A. , Banyard Timothy P. , Butchart Neal , Coy Lawrence , Newman Paul A. , Osprey Scott , Wright Corwin J.
Published: June 2021

The quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) of tropical stratospheric winds was disrupted during the 2019/20 Northern Hemisphere winter. We show that this latest disruption to the regular QBO cycling was similar in many respects to that seen in 2016, but initiated by horizontal momentum transport from the Southern Hemisphere. The predictable signal associated with the QBO's quasi‐regular phase progression is lost during disruptions and the oscillation reemerges after a few months significantly shifted in phase from what would be expected if it had progressed uninterrupted. We infer from an increased wave‐momentum flux into equatorial latitudes seen in climate model projections that disruptions to the QBO are likely to become more common in future. Consequently, it is possible that in the future, the QBO could be a less reliable source of predictability on lead times extending out to several years than it currently is.
Identification of Low‐Frequency Earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault With Deep Learning
Authors: Thomas Amanda M. , Inbal Asaf , Searcy Jacob , Shelly David R. , Bürgmann Roland
Published: June 2021

Low‐frequency earthquakes are a seismic manifestation of slow fault slip. Their emergent onsets, low amplitudes, and unique frequency characteristics make these events difficult to detect in continuous seismic data. Here, we train a convolutional neural network to detect low‐frequency earthquakes near Parkfield, CA using the catalog of Shelly (2017), https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jb014047 as training data. We explore how varying model size and targets influence the performance of the resulting network. Our preferred network has a peak accuracy of 85% and can reliably pick low‐frequency earthquake (LFE) S‐wave arrival times on single station records. We demonstrate the abilities of the network using data from permanent and temporary stations near Parkfield, and show that it detects new LFEs that are not part of the Shelly (2017), https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jb014047 catalog. Overall, machine‐learning approaches show great promise for identifying additional low‐frequency earthquake sources. The technique is fast, generalizable, and does not require sources to repeat.
Meteorological Impact on Winter PM2.5 Pollution in Delhi: Present and Future Projection Under a Warming Climate
Authors: Li Jiandong , Hao Xin , Liao Hong , Hu Jianlin , Chen Haishan
Published: June 2021

This study employs the self‐organizing map classification to track wintertime PM2.5 pollutions in Delhi under four atmospheric circulation patterns during 2013–2020. We found that the most polluted circulation pattern was characterized by a northward shift in the subtropical jet stream and a northward intrusion of the subtropical high, leading to descending anomalies from the upper troposphere to the near surface. Together, the resultant reduced passage of cyclones, lower planetary boundary layer, weakened near‐surface winds and less precipitation contributed to wintertime PM2.5 pollution in Delhi. Compared with the 1981–2010 mean levels, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 models project Delhi would experience two fewer days of severe pollution‐favorable circulation pattern and seven more days of clean‐favorable circulation pattern in 2070–2099 under the shared socioeconomic pathway 5–8.5. Future decrease in the severe pollution‐favorable circulation pattern may be attributed to the warming trends in sea surface temperature over the central Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean.
Coeval Evolution of the Eastern Philippine Sea Plate and the South China Sea in the Early Miocene: Paleomagnetic and Provenance Constraints From ODP Site 1177
Authors: Liu Wei , Gai Congcong , Feng Wanyi , Cao Wei , Guo Laiyin , Zhong Yi , Liu Jiabo , Zhou Yang , Chou Yu‐min , Lin Jian , Liu Qingsong
Published: June 2021

The Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) and the South China Sea (SCS), located at the intersection of the Eurasian, Pacific, and Indo‐Australian plates, are key areas for global plate reconstruction. However, the relationships between the PSP and the SCS are still elusive. Here we report a new paleolatitude determination (16.0° ± 4.5°N at ∼20 Ma) from the Ocean Drilling Program Site 1177 in the Shikoku Basin (SB) within the eastern PSP. The new results indicate that the SB had a geographical affinity with the SCS in the early Miocene. Furthermore, the similarity in the U‐Pb zircon age spectra of early Miocene turbidites from SB Site 1177 and SCS Site X28 implies that the two sites might receive similar materials in the early Miocene. Based on the new paleolatitude, provenance results, and other constraints, we suggest that the eastern PSP might be coupled dynamically to the SCS in the early Miocene.
Statistical Analysis of Throat Aurora Using Long Term DMSP/SSUSI Observation
Authors: Selvakumaran R. , Han De‐Sheng , Gokani Sneha A. , Zhang Y. L.
Published: June 2021

Throat aurora is believed to be associated with magnetopause indentations and has direct implications on magnetopause reconnection. In this study, for the first time, we use Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager observations over ∼14 years to characterize the throat aurora occurrence, latitudinal extent, seasonal, and its solar cycle dependence. We identified 386 throat aurora cases during the different passes of the satellite over the northern hemisphere. The latitudinal extent of these throat aurorae are estimated and are divided into small, medium, and large categories. The small and medium latitudinal extent throat aurorae account for about 91% of the total cases. The throat aurorae are found to occur most frequently in the post‐noon hours. The throat aurorae were also observed more frequently during winter, likely due to summer‐winter asymmetry in the ionospheric conductance. The occurrence of the throat aurora is also found to be anti‐correlated with the solar cycle, likely because low solar activity gives good chances for sporadic reconnection that favors the occurrence of throat aurora. The dependence on interplanetary magnetic field reveals positive Bx favoring the occurrence of throat aurora. It also shows positive Bx (negative By) supports pre‐noon (post‐noon) occurrence. The difference in the trend and average values of background interplanetary magnetic field conditions with the throat aurora confirms the favorable conditions for the occurrence of throat aurora.
Direct Quantification of Droplet Activation of Ambient Black Carbon Under Water Supersaturation
Authors: Hu Dawei , Liu Dantong , Kong Shaofei , Zhao Delong , Wu Yangzhou , Li Siyuan , Ding Shuo , Zheng Shurui , Cheng Yi , Hu Kang , Deng Zhaoze , Wu Yunfei , Tian Ping , Liu Quan , Huang Mengyu , Ding Deping
Published: June 2021

Understanding the droplet activation of black carbon (BC) under water supersaturation (SS) conditions is crucial to estimate its lifetime (through activation scavenging) and indirect radiative impacts. However, directly probing the droplet activation of ambient BC is challenging because of the difficulty in discriminating the BC‐containing particles (BCc) from other components. Here, we coupled the measurements of number concentrations between size‐resolved cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and individual BCc, achieving a direct quantification of droplet activation for ambient BCc. The activation diameters of BCc (D50_BCc), determined as the dry diameter at which 50% of BCc were activated, were 144 ± 21 nm under SS 0.2% corresponding to activated number fraction of total BCc of 60% ± 10%. D50_BCc was determined as a function of the coating hygroscopicity, and the organic content was observed as a limiting factor in controlling BCc activation. The activated BCc number concentration was predicted using the volume‐weighted compositions within particle. The predicted CCN agreed well with the measurements for all particles, while overestimating the activated BCc number concentration by 71%, 27%, and 27% at SS = 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%, respectively. The higher discrepancy under lower SS may result from the higher non‐sphericity of BCc at large sizes. Therefore, only knowing the hygroscopicity distribution of bulk compositions may not be sufficient for estimating the activation of BCc, but considering additional factors such as the non‐sphericity of BCc is necessary to estimate droplet activation.
Added Value of a Convection Permitting Model in Simulating Atmospheric Water Cycle Over the Asian Water Tower
Authors: Zhao Yin , Zhou Tianjun , Li Puxi , Furtado Kalli , Zou Liwei
Published: June 2021

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is known as Asian Water Tower and its atmospheric water cycle has been a lasting challenge to climate modeling community. Here, we compare two sets of the Met Office Unified Model simulations—one is a convection‐parameterized version (large‐scale model; LSM) and the other is a convection‐permitting model (CPM) simulation. The added value of the CPM in terms of atmospheric water cycle process is analyzed, including external moisture transport, fraction of atmospheric water vapor converting to precipitation and the precipitation recycle ratio. Results show that the simulated TP precipitation and evaporation for the summer of 2009 is significantly improved in the CPM. First, the overestimation of atmospheric water cycle by LSM is improved in CPM due to a reasonable representation of the fraction of atmospheric water vapor converting to precipitation. The overestimation of precipitation recycle ratio also indicates the LSM generates excessive convection compared to the CPM and therefore has a larger wet bias over the TP. Second, a better simulation of local precipitation has feedback on the circulation. Compared with the LSM, the less moisture convergence in the CPM is dominated by the stronger outflow through the eastern edge of the TP rather than the weaker inflow, implying the upscale effects of the resolved moist convection on the moisture transport over the TP. Our results imply that the CPM is a useful tool in the reproduction of moisture transport and atmospheric water cycle process over the Asian Water Tower and other regions of the world with complex topography.
The Texas flood registry: a flexible tool for environmental and public health practitioners and researchers
Authors: Miranda Marie Lynn , Callender Rashida , Canales Joally M. , Craft Elena , Ensor Katherine B. , Grossman Max , Hopkins Loren , Johnston Jocelyn , Shah Umair , Tootoo Joshua
Published: June 2021

Background

Making landfall in Rockport, Texas in August 2017, Hurricane Harvey resulted in unprecedented flooding, displacing tens of thousands of people, and creating environmental hazards and exposures for many more.

Objective

We describe a collaborative project to establish the Texas Flood Registry to track the health and housing impacts of major flooding events.

Methods

Those who enroll in the registry answer retrospective questions regarding the impact of storms on their health and housing status. We recruit both those who did and did not flood during storm events to enable key comparisons. We leverage partnerships with multiple local health departments, community groups, and media outlets to recruit broadly. We performed a preliminary analysis using multivariable logistic regression and a binomial Bayesian conditional autoregressive (CAR) spatial model.

Results

We find that those whose homes flooded, or who came into direct skin contact with flood water, are more likely to experience a series of self-reported health effects. Median household income is inversely related to adverse health effects, and spatial analysis provides important insights within the modeling approach.

Significance

Global climate change is likely to increase the number and intensity of rainfall events, resulting in additional health burdens. Population-level data on the health and housing impacts of major flooding events is imperative in preparing for our planet’s future.
Infants at risk for physical disability may be identified by measures of postural control in supine
Authors: Prosser Laura A. , Aguirre Maria Ovando , Zhao Susan , Bogen Daniel K. , Pierce Samuel R. , Nilan Kathleen A. , Zhang Huayan , Shofer Frances S. , Johnson Michelle J.
Published: June 2021

Background

Early detection of delay or impairment in motor function is important to guide clinical management and inform prognosis during a critical window for the development of motor control in children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of biomechanical measures of early postural control to distinguish infants with future impairment in motor control from their typically developing peers.

Methods

We recorded postural control from infants lying in supine in several conditions. We compared various center of pressure metrics between infants grouped by birth status (preterm and full term) and by future motor outcome (impaired motor control and typical motor control).

Results

One of the seven postural control metrics—path length—was consistently different between groups for both group classifications and for the majority of conditions.

Conclusions

Quantitative measures of early spontaneous infant movement may have promise to distinguish early in life between infants who are at risk for motor impairment or physical disability and those who will demonstrate typical motor control. Our observation that center of pressure path length may be a potential early marker of postural instability and motor control impairment needs further confirmation and further investigation to elucidate the responsible neuromotor mechanisms.

Impact

The key message of this article is that quantitative measures of infant postural control in supine may have promise to distinguish between infants who will demonstrate future motor impairment and those who will demonstrate typical motor control.

One of seven postural control metrics—path length—was consistently different between groups.

This metric may be an early marker of postural instability in infants at risk for physical disability.
Spectrum of cutaneous adverse reactions to aromatic antiepileptic drugs and human leukocyte antigen genotypes in Thai patients and meta-analysis
Authors: Sukasem Chonlaphat , Sririttha Suthida , Chaichan Chonlawat , Nakkrut Thapanat , Satapornpong Patompong , Jaruthamsophon Kanoot , Jantararoungtong Thawinee , Koomdee Napatrupron , Medhasi Sadeep , Oo-Puthinan Sarawut , Rerkpattanapipat Ticha , Klaewsongkram Jettanong , Rerknimitr Pawinee , Tuchinda Papapit , Chularojanamontri Leena , Tovanabutra Napatra , Suvannang Naravut , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada , Saokaew Surasak , Aekplakorn Wichai , Puangpetch Apichaya
Published: June 2021

Aromatic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) add up to the limited use of the AEDs in the treatment and prevention of seizures. Human leukocyte antigen-B (HLA-B) alleles have been linked to AEDs-induced cADRs. We investigated the association between cADRs (including Stevens–Johnson syndrome; SJS/toxic epidermal necrolysis; TEN, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms; DRESS, and Maculopapular eruption; MPE) caused by AEDs (phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenobarbital and oxcarbazepine) and HLA-B alleles in Thai population. Through the case-control study, 166 patients with AEDs-induced cADRs, 426 AEDs-tolerant patients (AEDs-tolerant controls), and 470 healthy subjects (Thai population) were collected. The HLA genotypes were detected using the polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probe (PCR-SSOP) method. We also performed a meta-analysis with these data and other populations. The carrier rate of HLA-B*15:02 was significantly different between AEDs-induced cADRs group and AEDs-tolerant group (Odds ratio; OR 4.28, 95% Confidence interval; CI 2.64–6.95, p < 0.001), AEDs-induced cADRs group and Thai population (OR 2.15, 95%CI 1.41–3.29, p < 0.001). In meta-analysis showed the strong association HLA-B*15:02 with AEDs-induced cADRs (OR 4.77, 95%CI 1.79–12.73, p < 0.001). Furthermore, HLA-B*15:02 was associated with SJS/TEN induced by AEDs (OR 10.28, 95%CI 6.50–16.28, p < 0.001) Phenytoin (OR 4.12, 95%CI 1.77–9.59, p = 0.001) and carbamazepine (OR 137.69, 95%CI 50.97–371.98, p < 0.001). This study demonstrated that genetic association for AEDs-induced cADRs was phenotype-specific. A strong association between HLA-B*15:02 and AEDs-induced SJS/TEN was demonstrated with an OR of 10.79 (95%CI 5.50–21.16, p < 0.001) when compared with AEDs-tolerant group. On the other hand, the carrier rates of HLA-B*08:01, HLA-B*13:01, and HLA-B*56:02 were significantly higher in the DRESS group compared with the AEDs-tolerant group (p = 0.029, 0.007, and 0.017, respectively). The HLA-B*15:02 allele may represent a risk factor for AEDs-induced cADRs.
TCF3 is epigenetically silenced by EZH2 and DNMT3B and functions as a tumor suppressor in endometrial cancer
Authors: Gui Tao , Liu Ming , Yao Bing , Jiang Haiqin , Yang Dongjun , Li Qixiang , Zeng Xiangwei , Wang Ying , Cao Jian , Deng Yexuan , Li Xinyu , Xu Peipei , Zhou Liqin , Li Dake , Wang Zhihui , Zen Ke , Huang David C. S. , Chen Bing , Wan Guiping , Zhao Quan
Published: June 2021

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying EC progression are still largely unknown, and chemotherapeutic options for EC patients are currently very limited. In this study, we found that histone methyltransferase EZH2 and DNA methyltransferase DNMT3B were upregulated in EC samples from patients, and promoted EC cell proliferation as evidenced by assays of cell viability, cell cycle, colony formation. Mechanistically, we found that EZH2 promoted EC cell proliferation by epigenetically repressing TCF3, a direct transcriptional activator of CCKN1A (p21WAF1/Cip1), in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we found that DNMT3B specifically methylated the TCF3 promoter, repressing TCF3 expression and accelerating EC cell proliferation independently of EZH2. Importantly, elevated expression of EZH2 or DNMT3B in EC patients inversely correlated with expression of TCF3 and p21, and was associated with shorter overall survival. We show that combined treatment with GSK126 and 5-Aza-2d treatment wit synergistically inhibited methyltransferase activity of EZH2 and DNMT3B, resulting in a profound block of EC cell proliferation as well as EC tumor progression in cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. These findings reveal that TCF3 functions as a tumor suppressor epigenetically silenced by EZH2 and DNMT3B in EC, and support the notion that targeting the EZH2/DNMT3B/TCF3/p21 axis may be a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for treatment of EC.