bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ADHD in Prisoners
Authors: Ginsberg Y.
Published: September 2022

The risk rate of criminality is increased in ADHD, especially in children who, in addition to ADHD, express externalizing behavior of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), later followed by conduct disorder (CD), substance misuse and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Studies report ADHD to be about ten times more common in prison populations than in the general adult population. Prisoners with ADHD have compared to prisoners without ADHD, an earlier onset of offending, higher rates of coexistent psychiatric disorders, and are more often incarcerated due to violent- and drug-related offences. Within prison settings, inmates with ADHD are more often reported for intra-institutional aggression and they are often experienced as more difficult to manage and costly to rehabilitate. Further, they relapse comparably more often and faster into criminality after being conditionally released. Despite high prevalence rates of ADHD within prisons and serious consequences related to untreated ADHD, few controlled trials have evaluated methylphenidate treatment in prisoners with ADHD and coexistent disorders. Evidence and clinical experience of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions of prison populations with ADHD will be presented briefly.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Clozapine and urinary incontinence
Authors: Osca Oliver A. , Palomo Monge M. , Tascón Guerra M.F. , Pérez Fominaya M. , López Rodrigo M.V.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic, which has been shown to have superior efficacy in the remission of positive and negative symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, compared to other antipsychotics. However, its benefits have been limited by the lethal adverse effects that this drug can cause, the most common, agranulocytosis. Other less serious and more common adverse effects are sedation, hypersalivation, hypo and hypertension, weight gain and urinary incontinence. It is estimated that approximately 1% of patients treated with Clozapine suffer from urinary incontinence. Data that varies from 0.3% to 42% in the articles reviewed, being undervalued in some of these for many reasons; it is stigmatizing and the patient is ashamed to express it.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to assess the percentage of urinary incontinence in patients in treatment with clozapine, taking into account the presence or absence of this side effect as the main variable, and the diagnosis, gender and dose of clozapine as secondary variables.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was carried out in which 40 patients belonging to the Adult Mental Health area of the Nuestra Señora del Prado Hospital, were collected, all of them diagnosed with some type of psychotic disorder and undergoing treatment with Clozapine.

Results

Of the total of patients studied, 25% presented urinary incontinence as an adverse effect, and of these, 60% were with doses equal to or greater than 400 mg of Clozapine.

Conclusions

We must be careful and bear this side effect in mind in all patients taking Clozapine.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Molecular diagnosis of cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Bar Shai M. , Peleg A. , Zalozhin T.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic disorder causing significant disability and functional decline. Schizophrenia is a polygenic disease, with about 100 monogenic sites and 11 sites of chromosomal deletions / duplications involved in its pathogenesis identified. It is a pleiotropic disease, with causative genetic changes leading to multiple symptoms, including bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorders, ADHD, mental retardation and epilepsy. The chromosomal microarray (CMA) technology detects submicroscopic chromosomal changes, which are involved in neurodevelopmental disorders, and are subject to prenatal diagnosis. Pathological findings in CMA are detected in 10-20% of patients with neurodevelopmental disorders and can contribute significantly to medical follow-up, prognosis assessment, influence treatment choice, and allow prenatal diagnosis. Preliminary studies in schizophrenia identified pathological CMA findings in 10–30% of patients.

Objectives

CMA testing of schizophrenia patients to detect genetic changes causing the disease.

Methods

Recruitment of schizophrenia patients from the Haifa and Western Galilee districts of Clalit, genetic counseling in Carmel Hospital, CMA testing of the consenting patients.

Results

Schizophrenia patients with and without neurodevelopmental disorders underwent CMA analysis, with the findings of significant chromosomal submicroscopic disorders (such as 22q11 microdeletion, among others) in 30% of the patients, providing the explanation for the patients’ symptoms and enabling specific medical follow-up and adjusted pharmacological treatment.

Conclusions

CMA can be used in diagnosing schizophrenia, assessing prognosis, adjusting pharmacological treatment and follow-up and providing genetic counseling including prenatal diagnosis, as in cases neurodevelopmental disorders. The findings support the application of CMA as part of a routine procedures in schizophrenia.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Radiation-associated cerebroophtalmic effects
Authors: Loganovsky K. , Fedirko P. , Marazziti D. , Loganovskaja T. , Kuts K. , Perchuk I. , Babenko T. , Antypchuk K. , Kreinis G.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

We proposed to consider the brain and eye as a target of ionizing radiation exposure. Prevention of potential radiation-associated cerebroophtalmic effects are crucial for successful long-term space missions; interventional radiology; medical, occupational and accidental irradiation

Objectives

Determination of radiation-associated cerebroophtalmic effects in the long term after irradiation in adulthood and in utero.

Methods

Neuropsychiatric, ophtalmological, neurophysiological and neuropsychological assessment of irradiated in adulthood (57 Chernobyl accident clean-up workers, liquidators), 52 persons exposed in utero as a result of the Chernobyl accident, comparison group (51 combatants of the Antiterrorist operation in Donbass), and 53 healthy people.

Results

Radiation-associated cerebroophthalmic pathology is characterized by high neuropsychiatric and ophthalmic comorbidity, which increases in proportion to the radiation dose, and is mainly represented by chronic vascular and degenerative diseases of the brain and retina, mild cognitive impairment (after irradiation in adulthood), as well as disorders of the autonomic nervous system; non-psychotic organic mental disorders; neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders; vascular and dystrophic processes in the retina (after in utero exposure). Characteristic of both radiological scenarios remains intellectual disharmony due to a decrease in the verbal IQ. The delay and attenuation of cerebral visual afferentation processing were observed in prenatally exposed.

Conclusions

Radiation-associated cerebroophtalmic effects in the long term after irradiation in adulthood and in utero could be mainly classified as a “small vessel disease of the brain and eye” of vascular-degenerative nature and possible latent demyelination after irradiation in utero.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Pathoplastic effects of metabolic disorders in severe mental illness
Authors: Fiorani M. , Orsolini L. , Volpe U. , Salvi V.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Patients with severe mental illness (SMI) have a higher risk of weight gain, dyslipidemia and insulin-resistance. It was observed that insulin resistance has a pathoplastic effect: in Schizophrenia it was associated with a greater severity of negative symptoms, whereas in Bipolar Disorder it was associated with more chronicity and rapid cycling. Moreover a correlation was observed between obesity and a worse outcome in Bipolar Disorder type I.

Objectives

We aimed at assessing the influence of dysmetabolisms on clinical characteristics in patients with SMI.

Methods

We recruited 78 patients with SMI consecutively hospitalized in the Psychiatry Clinic of the Ospedali Riuniti of Ancona, Italy. We administered a checklist for socio-demographic and clinical features (diagnosis, age of onset, illness duration, number of episodes, number of episodes per year, suicidal attempts and comorbidities), and evaluated the following metabolic parameters: weight, height, BMI, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, glycemia and insulinemia. We determined insulin-resistance according to the HOMA-IR model. We performed bivariate Pearson correlations to compare metabolic and socio-demographic/clinical parameters.

Results

The analyses showed positive correlations between BMI and disease duration (P = 0.003), and BMI and the number of episodes (P = 0.022). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between HOMA-IR and the number of episodes per year (P = 0.008). The associations remained statistically significant after controlling for age through partial correlations.

Conclusions

Weight gain and insulin-resistance in severe mental illness are associated with a more severe SMI, as suggested by the greater number of acute episodes.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Pseudobulbar affect as an early manifestation of HIV-related toxoplasmosis
Authors: Arbelo N. , Ilzarbe L. , Gascón González M. , Llach C. , Pintor L.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) is an emotional disorder characterized by uncontrollable outbursts of laughing and/or crying. It is caused by lesions that damage pathways in the frontal lobe and descending to the brain stem, basis pontis and cerebellum. The main causes are neurodegenerative diseases.

Objectives

To present a case of PBA secondary to cerebral toxoplasmosis.

Methods

The present study is a case report of a patient admitted for HIV-related toxoplasmosis to our hospital. We also researched previous case reports of PBA secondary to CNS infection using a pubmed query.

Results

Mr. JA is a 38-year-old male, with no prior psychiatric or medical history. He reported having had same-sex sexual encounters previously. He was admitted for ataxia and dysarthria in a medical unit, and diagnosed of HIV infection, with a CD4 count of 19 cells/μL. The MRI showed a lesion of 22x19x18mm with ring enhancement predominantly in basis pontis, compatible with toxoplasmosis(Image1). Treatment with sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine and dexamethasone was initiated. After five days of hospitalization he was referred to Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry for involuntary and uncontrollable outbursts of laughing and crying, insomnia, but no other psychopathological symptoms. Therefore, citalopram 20mg per day was started, with reduction on the frequency of outbursts.

Conclusions

The clinical presentation suggested the diagnosis of PBA due to cerebral toxoplasmosis. Although we found no previous reports of PBA related to HIV infection or toxoplasmosis, the location of the toxoplasmosis lesion is congruent with the typical damaged pathways in PBA. To our knowledge, this is the first report about PBA secondary to HIV-related toxoplasmosis.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a challenging treatment
Authors: Ramos A.L. , Salgado H.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and impairing condition included in the DSM-5 Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders. Despite psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic measures, there are patients who remain refractory to different therapeutic strategies.

Objectives

The authors aim to present different alternatives in approach, treatment and management of refractory OCD, based on a review of the existing literature.

Methods

Analysis of the data about this subject, considering the review articles and the case reports published at current time and highlighting the most essential topics, concerning the latest developments in the area.

Results

Therapeutic options are presented, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), deep brain stimulation (DBS) and ablative neurosurgery.

Conclusions

The treatment of OCD represents a great challenge in clinical practice. Despite the advances accomplished by a more extensive knowledge of the disease and a burden of new techniques in the last decades, more treatment strategies are needed, especially for patients with non-response to conventional treatment.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Prediction of Treatment Response in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies
Authors: Torres M. , Manghera P. , Miller C.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Identifying the optimal treatment for individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) is often a long and complicated process. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have been used to help predict and explain differences in treatment response among individuals with MDD.

Objectives

We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of treatment prediction studies utilizing fMRI in patients with MDD to provide evidence that neural activity can be used to predict response to antidepressant treatment.

Methods

A multi-level kernel density analysis was applied to these primary fMRI studies, in which we analyzed brain activation patterns of depressed patients (N= 364) before receiving antidepressant treatment.

Results

The results of this analysis demonstrated that hyperactivity in six brain regions significantly predicted treatment response in patients with MDD: the right anterior cingulate, right cuneus, left fusiform gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, right cingulate gyrus, and left superior frontal gyrus.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence that neural activity, as measured by standard fMRI paradigms, can be used to successfully predict response to antidepressant treatment. This may be used in the future clinically to improve decision-making processes and treatment outcomes for patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Effects of a brief psychodynamic intervention on depressive patients. The “unfreezing” of psychic activity
Authors: Haliday H. , Reynaud M. , Lignier B.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

While psychotherapy is an essential aspect of the treatment of depression, there are few studies focusing on the effectiveness of psychoanalytic and psychodynamic group therapies for depressed patients.

Objectives

In this presentation, we will study the effects of a brief, 4-session psychodynamic intervention (BPI) led by a group of therapists, as inspired by the Lausanne model.

Methods

The patients were recruited in a therapeutic setting. A free consent form was completed and the ethics of research explained to each participant. Our sample consisted of 32 patients (average age = 43.81 years, sex ratio: 1M/ 4F). The therapists gathered data by completing several assessment scales after each therapy session: MADRS, ESM, EFP, HAQ-IT, EDICODE, Counter-Transfer Scale. The SPPS software (V21) was used to analyze the data.

Results

The patients’ mean MADRS score dropped by more than 11 after the four sessions. This improvement matches a more positive and committed self-reported counter-transference of the therapists towards the patients. As their insight increases, patients show greater behavioral and psychic activity. We name this exit of the depressive inhibition the “unfreezing” process. It enables more satisfactory human interactions and a more focused and structured self-narrative.

Conclusions

BPI led by a group of therapists seem to be an effective therapeutic adjuvant in the “unfreezing” of the psychic processes in depressive patients. Our results point out the importance of jointly aiming at symptomatic improvement and therapeutic alliance.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The Importance of Cognitive Appraisal and Social Support in Pregnancy During COVID-19 from an Interdisciplinary View
Authors: Howard M.
Published: September 2022

Aim: To describe how a US-based psychiatric Mother-Baby Unit adopted a virtual platform during the pandemic. Objectives: When the Covid-19 pandemic descended, mental health clinicians world-wide were faced with maintaining access and care delivery. Pregnant and newly postpartum women experienced the pandemic and lockdown through the lens of impending parenthood and new parenthood--amplifying distress, isolation, and lack of social and family support. The lockdown prevented those with most acute illness from accessing daily treatment in our structured, supportive intensive treatment setting. We acknowledged the urgency of developing a method to continue to treat our patients in a group environment that offered psychotherapy, psychopharmacology, dyadic and family intervention, and social support. Methods: The hospital purchased “Zoom for Health” platform to ensure compliance with regulatory guidelines. Cameras for individual computers were purchased with philanthropy funds, obtaining them quickly, compared to waiting for hospital funding. The clinical team designed a schedule of groups and individual sessions, each with their own zoom link. Each morning, a team member, sent the daily schedule through the patient portal of the EMR. Conclusion: Before the pandemic, the census was 12 pts per day. The full-day program paused for 7-10 days although individual sessions and medication management were conducted by phone as the virtual platform was constructed. Once established, census resumed normal levels. Challenges to running the Day Hospital virtually included: technology glitches, family demands and distractions, and privacy concerns. Overall, the program was a success wherein women requiring intensive treatment were able to receive treatment and social support.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Antidepressants in epilepsy
Authors: Gutiérrez Rodríguez M.M. , Corral Y Alonso M.D.L.A. , Moreno Menguiano C. , Garcia Sánchez F. , Vazquez Vazquez J.J. , Bañón González S.M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Depressive disorders are one of the most frequent psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy and they have a negative impact on the quality of life. Depression often requires antidepressant treatment. However, it is often left untreated in people with epilepsy, in part due to fear that antidepressants could cause seizures.

Objectives

The goal of this study was to do a review and describe the evidence of the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatment for depression in epilepsy.

Methods

Review of literature sources were obtained through electronic search in PubMed database with special focus in papers published in the last 5 years.

Results

The existing evidence of the effectiveness of antidepressants in treating depressive symptoms associated with epilepsy is still limited and response rate was highly variable. It is essential first to optimize seizure control and minimize unwanted antiepileptic drug-related side effects. As the first line of treatment you should consider the use of SSRI or IRSN. The improvement in depressive symptoms ranged from 25% to 82% according to the different studies and depending on the antidepressant administered. A review of the literature indicates that the risk of antidepressant-associated seizures is low although some antidepressants such as amoxapine or bupropion are not recommended.

Conclusions

There are few comparative data to support the choice of antidepressant drug or drug class in terms of efficacy or safety for the treatment of people with epilepsy and depression. It would be important to design controlled trials of antidepressants in large cohorts of participants with epilepsy and clinically significant depression.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Clinical stability after compassionate use of intranasal esketamine in treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Hernandez Huerta D. , De Santiago Diaz A. , Rodriguez Gomez-Carreño C. , Abril Garcia M.A. , Toledo Romero F. , Guerrero Morcillo A. , Martinez Pastor C.J. , Vega Piñero M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The compassionate use of intranasal esketamine is approved in Spain for treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Objectives

The objective of the study is to assess the clinical stability in the medium-term follow-up of patients with TRD after esketamine use.

Methods

Descriptive, retrospective and multicenter study carried out in Spain. Patients with TRD who had received esketamine treatment, and for whom there were clinical data of subsequent evolution, were included. The scores on the MADRS and Hamilton scales were changed into scores on the CGI scale according to the studies by Leucht et al. The Student’s t test was performed to assess differences in the CGI.

Results

Eleven patients were included: 72.7% were women and the mean age was 56 (SD: 12.9). The maximum dose of esketamine used was 84mg in 63.7%. The onset of antidepressant action was observed from the 1st dose in 72.6% of the patients. The mean time in treatment was 6.6 months (SD: 2.3) and 90.9% reached remission criteria. After 7.4 months (SD: 3.0) from the end of the treatment, 90.9% remained in remission and without visits to the emergency room or hospitalization for psychiatric reasons. The mean baseline score on the CGI-SI was 5.7 points, at the end of the treatment was 1.2 points and after longitudinal follow-up it was 1. Statistically significant differences were observed (p<0.001) both at the end of the treatment and in the post-esketamine follow-up compared with baseline score.

Conclusions

In our sample, the use of esketamine in TRD shows clinical stability in the medium-term follow-up.

Disclosure

Daniel Hernández has participated in medical meetings and/or received payment for presentations from Otsuka, Lundbeck, Janssen, Angelini, Casen Recordati, and Ferrer.
A review of brain stimulation and neuromodulation therapies as a treatment of depression as a behavioural and psychological symptom of vascular dementia
Authors: Tiwary T. , John D. , De Souza S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Vascular dementia (VaD) accounts for approximately 15% of all cases of dementia. While there are many different definitions of vascular dementia, it is generally understood to refer to “disease with a cognitive impairment resulting from cerebrovascular disease and ischaemic or haemorrhagic brain injury”. Research suggests that 30% of patients with VaD also suffer from depression. The treatment of depression in VaD with pharmacological therapy is relatively well-established, with the first line drug being a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). However, a relatively under-researched area is the use of brain stimulation and neuromodulation therapies for the treatment of depression in VaD.

Objectives

This review aims to provide a critical analysis on the efficacy and safety of brain stimulation therapies in treating depression in VaD to determine whether it is an appropriate treatment option.

Methods

The databases used were PubMed and WebofScience. The available literature was analysed which resulted in three papers which met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised.

Results

In all three studies, depressive symptoms improved after ECT was administered, regardless of the specific tool used to measure the severity of depression. The side effects experienced were also only temporary and resolved independently which speaks to the safety of ECT as a treatment option.

Conclusions

The results of the study prove that ECT is a safe and effective option in treating depression in VaD. However, more research is needed for the medical community to fully understand the different treatment options and say with certainty which is the safest and most effective.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Eating Disorders in Pregnancy
Authors: Micali N.
Published: September 2022

Eating Disorders are common psychiatric disorders, and their occurrence is not rare in pregnancy. The aim of this presentation will be to provide an overview of eating disorders in pregnancy. I will first cover prevalence and nature of eating disorders and their symptoms in pregnancy. I will present quantitative and qualitative data from my own research. I will then present research on the effects of eating disorders on pregnancy and obstetric outcomes. I will conclude discussing issues around identification of eating disorders in pregnancy; in particular research from my lab on gaps in identification, and how to improve identification of eating disorders in pregnancy.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Mental well-being in residents of monolingual and multilingual regions of Russia
Authors: Shilko R. , Shaigerova L. , Almazova O. , Dolgikh A. , Vakhantseva O.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Despite numerous studies of the mental health and well-being of the population depending on various factors, insufficient attention is paid to the research of the relationship between well-being and mono- and multilingual regional specifics in multilingual and multicultural Russia.

Objectives

This study aims to identify a possible relationship between mental well-being in some regions of the Russian Federation and monolingualism and multilingualism inherent in these regions.

Methods

The study involved 966 participants (29.5% men and 70.5% women) aged 11 to 80 years (M=24.8; SD=12.19) from six regions of the Russian Federation: Crimea, Adygea, Bashkortostan, Sakha, Tatarstan and Kabardino-Balkarian region. The mental well-being of participants was assessed using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (Tennant et al., 2006; Tennant et al., 2007).

Results

The measures of mental well-being were compared among residents from the regions as following categories: native Russian language speakers in monolingual regions (144 participants); native Russian language speakers in multilingual regions (193 participants); native national language speakers in multilingual regions (325 participants); native Russian and national languages speakers in multilingual regions (304 participants). Using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was found that there were no significant differences in the assessments of mental well-being (F = 0.852; p = 0.521) among residents from the above categories.

Conclusions

Residents who are native speakers in Russian and national languages and are living in Russia’s regions with monolinguism and multilinguism demonstrate no difference in mental well-being measures. The reported study was funded by the RFBR, project number 17-29-09167.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Effects of Human Rights Sensitivity of case managers on the working relationships with people suffering from mental illness mediated by empathy
Authors: Seo M. , Kim Y.R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

It is critical to provide not only mental health services but also welfare services that meet the socioeconomic needs of people suffering from mental illnesses in order for them to recover. Case managers in the public sector who provide socioeconomic support to the low-income class, in particular, play critical roles in early detection of untreated mentally ill people, linking them to the mental health system, and providing various supports for their community integration. Positive working relationships are required to fulfill these roles.

Objectives

This study aims to analyze the effects of human rights sensitivity of case managers on the working relationships with the persons with mental illness mediated by empathy.

Methods

We evaluated overall human rights sensitivity, level of empathy(cognitive, affective, behavioral aspects) and working relationships with the mentally ill of 291 public sector case managers(Mean age = 40.52, SD=7.96, female 78.2%, male 21.8%).

Results

In research model analysis, the goodness-of-fit was evaluated to verify the effect of overall human rights sensitivity on the working relationships with the persons with mental illness mediated by empathy. Most of indices showed sufficient goodness-of-fit. In other words, the higher overall human rights sensitivity is, the higher the level of empathy is, and this has a positive effect on the working relationships with persons with mental illness.

Conclusions

To form positive working relationships with people suffering from mental illnesses, public sector case managers must be educated to increase their empathy by improving their overall human rights sensitivity.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Anxiety and depression among victims of work-related upper extremity injuries
Authors: Haddar A. , Sellami I. , Hrairi A. , Rmadi N. , Masmoudi R. , Hammami K. , Masmoudi J. , Masmoudi M.L. , Hajjaji M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Being a victim of work-related upper extremity injuries is a source of physical damage and mental damages. Psychological distress related to this type of accident is usually underestimated.

Objectives

Evaluate anxiety and depression among victims of work-related upper extremity injuries.

Methods

We conducted a 10-month cross-sectional analysis on workers consulting for an Impairment Rating Evaluation after an upper extremity injury due to an occupational accident. We collected socio-professional data, characteristics and outcomes of the accident. Anxiety and depression were evaluated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. The pain was evaluated by a Visual Analogue Scale.

Results

Our population consisted of 90 cases of work-related upper-extremity injuries. The mean age was 43.10 and the sex ratio 3.7. The most represented category was blue-collar workers (71.1%). Medical history of chronic diseases was reported in 23% of cases and 3.3 % had mental health antecedent. Dominant upper limb injuries were found in 62% of cases. Hand and wrist injuries were the most affected part (63%), and 33.3% had fingers’ injuries. The prevalence of anxiety and depression were 31.1% and 20% respectively. About thirty-one per cent rated their current pain greater than or equal to 8. Both anxiety and depression were positively correlated with male gender (p= 0.001, p=0.007) and shoulder injuries (p=0.001, p=0.018). Depression was correlated to fingers’ injuries and pain (p=0.002).

Conclusions

The studied population present an important rate of anxiety and depression. Assessing Mental health after upper extremities injuries are necessary to prevent serious mental illness and to promote a successful return to work.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The elephant in the room: the stressful psychological effects of COVID-19 pandemic in mental healthcare workers
Authors: Minelli A. , Barlati S. , Vezzoli M. , Carletto S. , Isabello C. , Vita A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Despite the large amount of research concerning the impact of COVID-19 on health care workers, to date few targeted MHWs. Moreover, none has investigated the vulnerability due to exposure to previous traumatic events among health care workers.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the psychological distress in MHWs after the first lockdown imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in the more impacted regions of the North of Italy, to understand which COVID-19, sociodemographic and professional variables as well as previous stressful life experiences, could have had greater negative effects.

Methods

The online survey occurred from 28-June to 10-August 2020. This included questions regarding sociodemographic factors, professional information, COVID-19 exposure. Moreover, three validated self-report questionnaires were administered: Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21).

Results

271 MHWs completed the survey. At least 20% had elevated levels of psychological distress with post-traumatic symptoms. Stratifying for professional roles, the nurses resulted the most affected, with significantly higher scores in terms of intrusive thoughts, hyperarousal and avoidance behaviors. Several variables affected psychological distress in MHWs, but stronger effects were done by age, professional roles, increased workload and worst working environment during COVID-19 pandemic, to had experienced the separation of family members, but also had experienced during their life of a severe human suffering (physical and/or psychological) on oneself or on a loved one.

Conclusions

Our data underlying the importance of recent but also previous severe stressful events as risk factors to develop post-traumatic symptoms reducing the resilience of the subjects investigated.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Assessment of anxiety related to Covid-19 in the elderly in Tunisia
Authors: Moalla M. , Lansari R. , Saida R. , Bergaoui E. , Larnaout A. , Melki W.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has several risks particularly in the elderly, such a high death rate and severe forms.The risk also involves significant psychological distress especially anxiety.

Objectives

Assessment of anxiety symptoms due to COVID 19 in elderly subjects in Tunisia.

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive study on a sample of 50 people aged between 65 and over. Data was collected using a questionnaire and a COVID Anxiety Rating Scale “Fear of COVID-19 Scale”.

Results

We found that most subjects agreed or strongly agreed that they were afraid of Corona and that 54% agreed or strongly agreed that they felt uncomfortable thinking about the Corona. Physical symptoms like having sweaty hands, or having palpitations related to the fear of having the disease were reported by 24% of the subjects. Almost half of the respondents (46%) were afraid of losing their lives due to Corona. Most subjects (66%) reported that they became nervous or anxious when viewing information posted on social media on Corona. Insomnia related to worries about having COVID was reported in 12% of subjects. We were able to retain that most of the subjects (68%) had a mild level of anxiety and that 30% of the subjects had a moderate level. No subject had severe anxiety.

Conclusions

Low to moderate level of fear due to the COVID 19 pandemic was observed among Tunisian elderly according to this study. This leads us to conclude that assessment of anxiety particularly in seniors should be more systematic.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Factors associated with an increase in alcohol consumption among users of online social networks in Russia in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gil A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The various restrictions and physical distancing introduced inRussia in early months of COVID-19pandemic could have a particular impact on people who use alcohol and create new needs for prevention and treatment of associated disorders.

Objectives

The study was aimed at assessing changes in alcohol consumption among users of online social networks in Russia.

Methods

During June-September 2020,1518 adult users (18+) of the most popular social networks in Russia (Odnoklassniki, VKontakte,Facebook, Twitter), completed an anonymous online survey regarding alcohol use changes in the first months of COVID-19 pandemic. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate associations of increased alcohol consumption with socio-demographic and pandemic-related factors.

Results

35.4%of men and 25.6%of women increased their frequency of drinking; 24.9%of men and 17.7%of women increased their typical one-time volume of alcohol consumption,and 28.5% of men and 27.9% of women increased frequency of heavy episodic drinking in the early months of pandemic. After mutual adjustment of independent variables,age18-29 years(OR=1.710;95%CI 1.002-2.917), very strong restrictions of everyday life(3.127; 1.011-9.675)and severe negative consequences in relation to professional or financial situation due to spread ofSARS-CoV-2 (2.247; 1.131-4.465) were positively associated with increase in frequency of drinking. The odds of increase in frequency of heavy episodic drinking were more than twice higher(2.329; 1.001-5.428) among those who experienced severe negative consequences to their professional/financial situation.Higher typical frequency,larger one-time volume of alcohol use,and higher frequency of heavy episodic drinking before pandemic were positively associated with increase of alcohol consumption in early months of pandemic.

Conclusions

Timely monitoring of changes in alcohol consumption during pandemic can allow prevention of alcohol-related disorders, including mental disorders, among users of online social networks.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
COVID-19: first and second wave impact on outpatient service users of FACT or autism teams in the Netherlands
Authors: Castelein S. , Van Balkom I.D.C. , Bruins J.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Most research on COVID-19 effects has focused on the general population. Here we measure its impact on Dutch FACT and autism outpatient service users during both waves.

Objectives

This study aimed to: 1) investigate participants’ mental health, 2) assess experiences with outpatient services, and 3) assess respondents’ experiences with governmental measures in the Netherlands during the first and second wave of COVID-19.

Methods

Respondents (wave 1: n=100; wave 2: n=150) reported on mental health, experiences with outpatient care, government measures and information services in an online survey.

Results

Findings demonstrate happiness was rated an average of 6 out of 10, 70% of respondents scored below average on resilience, positive consequences for mental health (ordered world, reflection time) during both waves were similar, and prominent negative consequences included decreased social interactions and increased or new problems regarding mental health and daily functioning from wave 1-2. Lifestyle changed in 50% in both waves, although only slightly attributed to the pandemic. Substance use during both waves hardly changed. Mental healthcare continuation was highly appreciated in both waves (75-80% scored ≥7 on 10-point scale). (Video)calling was the most frequently mentioned positive care experience; missing face-to-face contact with care providers considered most negative. COVID-19 measures were less doable in the second wave. Vaccination willingness approximated 70%.

Conclusions

Results show a nuanced, but clear picture of experiences during both waves. Continuation of services through tele-health was well-received. Monitoring of long-term impact is needed.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in critical COVID-19 survivors: Preliminary results of 1-year follow-up
Authors: Martins S. , Fontes L. , Ferreira A.R. , Fernandes J. , Vieira T. , Reis N. , Braga A. , Coimbra I. , Paiva J.A. , Fernandes L.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

A higher risk of mental health consequences in critical COVID-19 patients is expected due to several reasons, including prolonged mechanical ventilation with exposure to high sedation. In this context, post-discharge depression has been reported in previous COVID-19 studies, with a profound impact on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Objectives

To identify depressive symptoms in COVID-19 survivors 1-year after hospital discharge and to analyse its association with HRQoL.

Methods

As part of the longitudinal MAPA project, this study enrolled critical COVID-19 patients admitted in the Intensive Care Medicine Department of a University Hospital (March-May 2020). Participants were assessed through telephone by an intensive care nurse and a psychologist, with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (depressive symptoms), EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and EQ-Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) (global health status patient record).

Results

A sample of 55 survivors (median age=66 years; 69% males) were included, with 20% showing depressive symptoms. Pain/discomfort (67%) and anxiety/depression (67%) were the most EQ-5D-5L domains reported. Survivors scoring for depression had more problems in all HRQoL areas (mobility:91%vs.48%, p=0.015; self-care:64%vs.27%, p=0.035; usual activities:91%vs.50%, p=0.017; pain/discomfort:100%vs.59%, p=0.010; anxiety/depression:100%vs.59%, p=0.010). Moreover, they had a lower EQ-VAS median, corresponding a worse self-perception of health status (50vs.80, p=0.010).

Conclusions

Even after 1-year, a significant proportion of survivors presented depressive symptoms with repercussions in all HRQoL dimensions and association with worse self-perception of global quality of life. Taking this in mind, early screening and treatment of depression in COVID-19 survivors will be crucial, minimizing its impact on quality of life.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Psychosis: Risk Factors and Prognosis
Authors: Fernández Lozano M. , Santos Carrasco I. , Rodríguez Rodríguez B. , Navarro Barriga N. , Mateos Sexmero M.J. , Jiménez Aparicio T. , De Andrés Lobo C. , Vallecillo Adame C. , Queipo De Llano De La Viuda M. , Guerra Valera G. , Gonzaga Ramírez A. , Gonçalves Cerejeira J. , Segurado Martín O.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

There are life events that may increase the possibilities of suffering some kind of Psychopathology. The most validated model for understanding the aetiology of psychosis is based on genetic and environmental risk factors and their interaction, likely involving epigenetic mechanisms. It is necessary to consider those events as risk factors for Mental Health.

Objectives

Study of risk and prognostic factors in psychosis.

Methods

Review of scientific literature based on a relevant clinical case.

Results

We present the case of a 28-year-old male patient from Peru, currently living in Germany. History of sexual abuse in childhood. He started taking drugs at the age of 8. In the emergency department, he reports that since the beginning of the pandemic, after listening to a speech by the Pope, he begins to interpret signals about situations occurring around him. He begins to read about mystical-religious subjects, changes the style of music he listens to and recognises changes in his personality. He says for months he has been feeling watched, persecuted and expresed someone wants to kill him. He says hears voices and that they communicate with him through bodily sensations.

Conclusions

Childhood trauma, immigration and cannabis use are significantly associated with an increased risk of functional psychosis. A neurotic personality also independently contributes to this risk. The accumulation of these factors increases vulnerability to mental disorders and leads to a worse prognosis and evolution of these pathologies. These findings could help to improve the prevention of psychosis and the development of specific treatment strategies in this particular population.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Cognitive Impairment and the correlation with genetic Expression of GAD67, Gad65 and GABA beta2 Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Khalifa D. , Gabr H. , Fathy H. , Abdou H. , Batrawy M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Alteration of GABergic neurotransmission is accused to be sharing in the cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Exploring the relation between the neuronal expression of GABergic genes and cognitive impairment in living patients through modeling of schizophrenia is an important step to know more about the core of the pathophysiology of this disorder

Objectives

Altered genetic expression of GAD 67 may have an important role in the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia

Methods

. Reprogramming of human fibroblasts into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSc) then neuronal differentiation was performed in 20 patients presenting with schizophrenia and 20 matched controls. Real time Polymerase chain reaction was done for measurement of genetic expression of GAD 65, GAD 67 and GABA beta 2. The Digit Symbol task, block design, block design task and similarities tasks from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale., Trail A and Trail B making tests in addition to Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF) were applied to measure cognitive functions .

Results

There were lower means of GAD65, GAD67 and GABA beta2genetic expression in the patients group with significant statistical difference between the 2 groups. The down regulation of GAD 67 in patients presenting with schizophrenia is positively correlated with impairment in executive functions.

Conclusions

GAD 67 gene expression had the most significant correlations with the cognitive assessment in both patients and controls. The presence of those statistically significant correlations in both groups points to the possible role of GAD 67 gene functioning in the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Different trajectories of the first-episode psychosis remission in young adults
Authors: Kaleda V. , Tikhonov D.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Analysis of the first-episode psychosis remission, including post-psychotic affective and primary negative symptoms as well as personality changes, is necessary to personalize therapy and rehabilitation.

Objectives

We aimed to identify different trajectories of psychosis remission in young adults.

Methods

First-episode psychosis patients (n=56, mean age 19.8±2.5 years, all males) underwent psychopathological assessment at the stage of remission.

Results

Three trajectories of remission were identified. The thymopathic trajectory (33.93%, 19 patients) was characterized by the gradual increase of subclinical affective symptoms and resulted with a high-quality remission. In 63.61% cases in this group persistent depressed mood was present after a psychotic episode. Some patients (36.84%) became prone to depressive reactions. The pathocharacterological trajectory (39.28%, 22 patients) was characterised by personality changes with increase of existing traits or the development of traits previously not present. Types with an increase of schizoid (14.29%), histrionic (19.64%), and anxiety-hypochondriacal (5.36%) traits were identified. Patients in this group had high- as well as low-quality remission. The destructive trajectory (26.79%, 15 patients) was characterised by residual positive or single negative symptoms. Patients in this subgroup had low-quality remission with poor functioning and signs of treatment resistance.

Conclusions

Analysis of trajectories of the first-episode psychosis remission allowed us to choose the most effective strategy for personalized supportive treatment.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.