bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qazi Nazrul Islam For Women’s Emancipation
Authors: Khan Mohammad Abu Tayyub
Published: June 2020

Poet Qazi Nazrul Islam, as a poet always commanded a highly privileged position amongst the youth of Bengal in pre-partition India. The emergence of the women’s movement throughout the world, the work of the United Nations on women’s issues has an emancipation of over half of humankind from the oppression in which they have lived for centuries for over two millenniums. Although the United Nations has not succeeded in its goals, the very prospect of effecting such emancipation carries with it the promise of bringing the greatest revolution in human history. The end of World War II, witnessed the global community, recognizing the importance of women’s right. Those attempts of recognition, due in part to the pressures that women had begun to put on their own governments, helped to force issues on women’s concerns for the global agenda. By 1995, four world conferences of the United Nations, on women and their right of equality with men (the 1975 conference in Mexico City. Mexico; the 1980 conference in Copenhagen, Denmark, the 1985 conference in Nairobi, Kenya; and the conference in Beijing, China and in 1979 international convention, the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women). Qazi Nazrul Islam, long before the United Nations was created, talked about the issues that sought promoted equality for women. These issues, unlike those of the United Nations and some in the women’s movement, sought equality for women in the broader context of a total cultural change in the new world. So, one finds him advocating (on behalf of women) the political, economic, and social rights, which are generally associated with human rights regime, we must look beyond such a finding to the cultural focus of his poetic outpourings.
Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure: The Problem Of Social Reform and Marriage
Authors: Khan Farhana Wazir
Published: June 2020

The article focuses on Shakespeare’s play: Measure for Measure, with the aim of bringing to light the central problem of the play which is that of social reform and marriage in an early modern European society. It is a play that has been located against the background of seventeenth century society of London where it was first performed. However, it is symbolically set in the city of Vienna. Feminist and Historicist critics have been cited in the article in an interpretation of the play which requires a consideration of the role of women and their status in the playworld. The issues of private and public marriages, and the ambiguity governing the laws on marriage, form the complex problem raised in the play. It is the contention of the article that Shakespeare emphasized the need to regulate the legal system with a view to promote greater representation and voice to women who were victimized by the corrupt legal institutions, both religious and official. Thus, the article suggests that the developments in the position of women, and the questions as to whether they were married or single, were the subject of public concern and debate in sixteenth and seventeenth century Europe. Marriage was, therefore, felt to be the most crucial issue in this regard and the aim of the dramatists and literary writers was to popularize the difficulties faced by women with a view to raising the consciousness of the public.
Gender Issues In Microfinance: Policy Analysis And Possible Interventions
Authors: Mahtab Nazmunnessa , Islam Md. Mynul
Published: June 2020

Women constitute not only half of the world’s population, but also sway the growth of the other half. They produce half of the world’s food supply and account for 60% of the work force, but comprise 10% of the world’s economy and surprisingly own less than 1% of the real estate. They have little access to productive resources and negligible control over family income. This discrimination is the consequence of gender bias which forms an inherent part of the global society. Examples from survey will validate the statement. The index ranking of 151 countries on gender inequality in addressing poverty, education, basic health, employment (income), violence and political participation, contained in various Human Development Report prepared by the United Nations Development Program since 1995 till 2003, shows that “no country treat women as well as men.” Despite such investments in time and labour by women, why is there so much discrimination, inequality and why are women termed as “poorest of the poor”? The main objective of this paper is to focus on women in enterprise development in Bangladesh. However, before going into the main area, the paper tries to analyze the need and reasons for micro-enterprise development of women. The paper is divided into three main sections. The first section deals with a brief discussion on the status of women and poverty in Bangladesh. The second section focuses on women and micro- enterprise development. The third section discusses the problems faced by women in enterprise development. The fourth section focuses on the interventions required to enhance women entrepreneurship development. The last section deals with the future provisions. The paper is prepared mainly on the basis of secondary information, review of previous research work, the author’s own experience and knowledge on women enterprise on some case studies of the positive and negative effects of microenterprise of women.
The Holy and the UN Holy
Authors: Shah Nasreen Aslam
Published: June 2020

The Holy and the UN Holy: Critical Essays on Qaisra Shahraz’s fiction is a fine collection of essays seems to be the outcome of literary effort to portray the contradictory images as well as comparison of dual standards with stereotypes in society. Qaisra Shahraz is the author of two novels The Holy Woman (London,Black Amber:Arcadia Books,2001) and A Pair of Jeans (discovered by Leisel Hermes in a 1988 volume Holding out : Short Stories by Women published in Manchester by Crocus .These novels are translated in to numerous languages. The Holy Woman introduced the reader to the traditions of a vibrant world of four Muslim Countries.
Women’s Political Participation In Pakistan
Authors: Syed Naima Tabassum , Tabassum Huma
Published: June 2020

This paper intends to review and analyze varying level of women’s participation in politics at different periods of time in political history of Pakistan and its impact on the status of women in the country. First, the paper focuses on historical trajectory of women’s marginal political participation in past and recently increased representation in formal political institutions through enhanced political quotas for women introduced from national to local level. Besides the feminist motives, it also identifies the “non-feminist motives” or “competing masculine interests” working behind this increased entry of women in the male domain of political sphere. Second, it explores and compares the impacts of women’s absence from or recent presence in political institutions on different aspects of society (especially law to protect women). The basic argument is that the increased women’s participation has the potential to enlarge public space for women and give them voice in legislative appropriation. Thus, this increased participation helps in creating a relatively more egalitarian and democratic society. Finally, the paper explores future prospects of women’s political participation at different levels along with recommendations to improve state policies in this regard.
Social-Psychological Determinants Of Anxiety Disorder (SAD) Among Youth (With Reference To Karachi University)
Authors: Sultan Rana Saba , Akber Ambreen , Zarrar Erum
Published: June 2020

The present study is “A study of Causes of Anxiety Disorder (SAD) among youth of Karachi University; deals with behavior patterns and expected to reflect on the type of society and its attitude towards SAD. The present research is an exploratory research. This study is based on the concept of level of sadness among youth of Karachi University. The mixed research approach quantitative and qualitative was adopted. The population of the study was Karachi University students; 120 students were selected through purposive sampling. Five hypotheses were formulated, from which three were accepted and two were rejected. Hence it is proved that there is a relationship between level of sadness with parents and gender, and this is also proved that there is a relationship between sadness and marital status and hence it is also proved that there is a relationship between level of troubled with appearance and gender, it is also found that there is a strong relationship between problem in decision making and cultural background and level of feeling of sadness and age. To test the hypotheses, statistical methods were applied to the data described in the contingency tables. The chi-square test was applied to test the existence of the relationship between two variables of hypothesis, and if the null hypothesis is rejected then the log linear models were also used to measure the degree of relationship. The hypotheses were then finally interpreted and the results were obtained.
Применения виртуальных симуляторов в обучении эндохирургов - обзор российского и мирового опыта
Authors: Горшков М. Д. , Никитенко А. И.
Published: June 2020

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Системное этапное обучение в ординатуре с использованием симуляционных форм и первичная специализированная аккредитация
Authors: Совцов С. А. , Горшков М. Д. , Федоров А. В.
Published: June 2020

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Pandangan tentang Kematian dan Kebangkitan Orang Mati dalam Perjanjian Lama
Authors: Swastoko Sujud
Published: June 2020

This article tries to find answers to views on death and resurrection in the Old Testament. In the Old Testament, the discussion of the death and resurrection of the dead and the judgment is less prominent than in the New Testament, so there are fewer reading texts. That is why the issue becomes interesting to be examined more deeply. This research uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach, by taking the main source from the Old Testament Bible and supporting literature. Based on the results of research conducted, then during the Old Testament, people believe in death as a form of separation of body and spirit. When dead, the body will return to dust, and the spirit enters the world of the dead (Sheol). In the Old Testament, people believe in the bodily resurrection (the dead), that is, the physical resurrection.Artikel ini mencoba mencari jawaban atas pandangan terhadap kematian dan kebangkitan dalam Perjanjian Lama. Dalam Perjanjian Lama pembahasan masalah kematian dan kebangkitan orang mati serta penghakiman tidak begitu menonjol dibandingkan dengan dalam Perjanjian Baru, sehingga teks bacaan yang ada juga lebih sedikit. Oleh karena itulah persoalan tersebut menjadi menarik untuk diteliti lebih mendalam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, dengan mengambil sumber utama dari Alkitab Perjanjian Lama dan literatur yang mendukung. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, maka pada masa Perjanjian Lama orang memercayai kematian sebagai bentuk pemisahan tubuh dan rohnya. Saat mati, tubuh akan kembali menjadi debu, dan roh masuk ke dunia orang mati (syeol). Dalam Perjanjian Lama, orang percaya akan adanya kebangkitan tubuh (orang mati), yaitu bangkitnya tubuh secara fisik.
Ação cultural e pós-modernidade nas bibliotecas de Porto Velho
Authors: Cavalcante Edson Rodrigues
Published: June 2020

Este artigo discute as contraposições de cânones da biblioteconomia (Flusser, Milanesi e Teixeira Coelho), no que se refere a Teoria da Ação Cultural, às correntes de pensamentos da pós-modernidade, que caracterizam o momento atual como a época das incertezas, das fragmentações, da troca de valores, do hedonismo, dos momentos efêmeros, da substituição da ética pela estética, do narcisismo, da apatia, do consumo de sensações e do fim das grandes narrativas. A posição assumida neste trabalho é a de que, no contexto da biblioteconomia, ainda não foi assimilada a pós-modernidade como linha de atuação das bibliotecas, uma vez que a sua visão trafega dentro da narrativa do ideal iluminista-positivista. O objetivo é, a partir da comparação de diferentes visões de Ação Cultural nas Bibliotecas e a Pós-Modernidade, formular um novo posicionamento crítico das bibliotecas e bibliotecários como mediadores de projetos de Ação Cultural. A historicidade amazônica, delimitada à Porto Velho, configura o cenário para a discussão. Justifica-se a escolha, por entender que Porto Velho constituiu, ao longo de sua formação, como um entre-lugar de junção de diásporas, trazidas pelo discurso da modernidade no meio da selva, que aqui deixaram resquícios de suas respectivas culturas.

(Imagem de PIRO4D por Pixabay)
A influência midiática no imaginário social sobre o corpo negro na Revista Raça
Authors: Oliveira Edvaldo Cesar Silva
Published: June 2020

Objetivo do estudo é fazer uma análise das falas contidas na revista Raça e como essa revista promove a valorização do corpo negro no combate ao racismo e os processos de discriminação racial. A Metodologia foi qualitativa do tipo interpretativa, realizando investigação nas publicações da Revista Raça, a seleção da revista para análise se deu, por seu alto grau de publicações sobre a temática negra e sua aceitação no mercado. Instrumento foi leitura e seleção de textos da revista que promovam relações com o corpo negro e sua relação social, amostra composta de 02 revista de anos diferentes para ter maior amplitude de interpretação. A análise do texto retirado foi baseada na análise do discurso. Resultados, uma questão recorrente é a ideia do vigor físico, algo constante dentro do pensamento social sobre o negro a ideias que somente atividades relacionadas ao capital físico serem os mais propensos para a comunidade negra,” os únicos rostos negros mais próximos das suítes dos executivos de Hollywood são os dos seguranças”, As dificuldades para a aceitação do negro nos diferentes campos e espaços midiáticos(jornais, revistas, televisão, cinema) “Ingressar neste meio não é fácil principalmente para uma menina muito jovem e negra”. Considerações finais o combate ao racismo é algo constante e prevalente dentro da comunidade negra em diferentes frentes de resistência e enfrentamentos, ficando o campo midiático um local fértil para desenvolver e chamar a sociedade para o debate.

(Imagem R. Raça)
POOL OF FUNDS APPROACH AND ASSET ALLOCATION APPROACH IN SHARIA'S PERSPECTIVE (A Literature Review)
Authors: Hudaefi Fahmi Ali , Bisyri Ahmad
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research is to explore the Islamic perspective on the conventional thought of funds banking allocation methods, they are asset allocation approach and pool of funds approach, which one of them is practiced in Islamic banking in Indonesia, it is pool of funds approach. Sharia instruments that used to explore Islamic perspective on those two conventional methods are the verses of Islamic values in transaction, they are doing amanah in muamalah as taught in An-Nisa 68, being identified the owned property as taught in Al-Baqarah 188, doing abetter notation in muamalah as taught in Al-Baqarah 283 and being fair in fulfilling weight and measure as taught in Hud 85. Other used sharia instruments are history of Prophet Muhammad pbuh and Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz and Fiqh special axiom in muamalah. This descriptive qualitative research with the method of content analysis data finds that the asset allocation approach is more agreeable method to all sharia instruments that used in this research.Keywords: Al-Qur’an, Tafser, Islamic Values in Muamalah, Islamic BankPrincipal, Bank Fund Allocation MethodsAbstrakPenilitian ini berujuan untuk mengetahui pandangan syariah terhadap metode alokasi dana bank yang berasal dari pemikiran konvensional, yaitu pool of funds approach dan asset allocation approach, dimana pool of funds approach dipraktikan di perbankan syariah Indonesia. Instrumen syariah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini atau yang menjadi tolak ukur pandangan syariah terhadap kedua metode tersebut adalah nilai-nilai Islam dalam bermuamalah yang terkandung di dalam Al-Qur’an, yaitu berlaku amanah di dalam surat An-Nisa 58, jelasnya sumber kepemilikan harta didalam surat Al-Baqarah 188, melakukanpencatatan yang baik didalam muamalah dalam surat Al-Baqarah 283 dan berlaku adil dalam memenuhi takaran dan timbangan didalam surat Hud 85. Instrumen syariah lainnya yang digunakan adalah sejarah keuangan yang ada hubungannya dengan sistem pengalokasian dana pada zaman Nabi Muhammad Saw dan Khalifah Umar bin Abdul Aziz, serta Kaidah Khusus Fiqh di bidang muamalah. Penelitian dekriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan content analysis sebagai alatanalisis data menunjukan bahwa metode asset allocation approach lebih sesuai dengan nilai-nilai syariah yang terdapat di dalam instrument-instrumen syariah yang menjadi tolak ukur di dalam penelitian ini.Kata Kunci: Al-Qur’an, Tafsir, Nilai Islam dalam Bermuamalah, PrinsipOrepasional Bank Syariah, Metode Alokasi Dana Bank
STRATEGI PEMBENTUKAN LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO AGRIBISNIS (LKMA) PASCA PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN USAHA AGRIBISNIS PERDESAAN (PUAP) DI KABUPATEN KUNINGAN
Authors: Dwimanur Kurniawati , Wibowo Hendro
Published: June 2020

Pertanian merupakan salah satu sektor andalan Indonesia dan merupakan mata pencaharian utama bagi mayoritas masyarakat Indonesia. Tenaga kerja yang banyak di bidang pertanian ini tidak diimbangi dengan perkembangan yang cukup signifikan. Kesejahteraan petani masih belum dapat tercapai. Untuk itu, pemerintah banyak menggulirkan program-program bantuan di bidang pertaniandalam rangka pengentasan kemiskinan salah satunya melalui program PUAP. Kemiskinan di kalangan petani ini disebabkan karena lambatnya pertumbuhan di bidang pertanian disebabkan oleh sulitnya mengakses permodalan untuk mengembangkan pertanian, melalui Program PUAP diharapkan petani dapat mengembangkan usahanya dan membentuk kelembagaan ekonomi khusus petani berupa Lembaga keuangan Mikro Agribisnis (LKMA) yang dapat menyediakan kebutuhan permodalan bagi petani miskin. Penelitan dilakukan di Kabupaten Kuningan dengan sampel 8 gapoktan yang tersebar di 6 kecamatan berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat strategi pembentukan LKMA bagi Gapoktan PUAP di Kabupaten Kuningan. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan alat analisis yang dipakai adalah model perumusan strategi dengan metode SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat). Yaitu mengevaluasi dan menentukan faktorfaktor pen njang dan penghambat apa saja yang berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan LKMA berdasarkan kepada analisis lingkungan internal dan eksternal. Selanjutnya berbagai alternatif strategi yang sudah didapat dari matriksSWOT diproses kembali menggunakan metode QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) untuk melihat strategi mana yang menjadi prioritas utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukan keadaan Gapoktan pada proses pembentukan LKMA saat ini berada pada kuadran I, yaitu strategi SO (Strength-Opportunity). Dari beberapa alternatif strategi pada strategi SO, urutan prioritas strtaegi setelah dilakukan QSPM adalah satu, mengembangkan usaha tani melalui pemaksimalan pemanfaatan dana bantuan dari pemerintah dengan pengembangan permodalanpada usaha tani sehingga LKMA dapat terbentuk (nilai daya tarik 6,02) dan dua, mengembangkan kelembagaan Gapoktan melalui pelatihan tekhnis pembentukan LKMA guna meningkatkan peran modal petani dan kesiapan gapoktan dalam pembentukan LKMA (nilai daya tarik 3,15).Kata Kunci: LKMA, strategi pembentukan, Gapoktan
PERAN MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN BANK SYARIAH (Studi Kasus pada PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Tbk Kantor Cabang Depok, Kantor Cabang Pancoran, dan Kantor Cabang Panglima Polim)
Authors: Ridwan Mawaddatul Fatiha , Suprapto Edy
Published: June 2020

The issue will be discussed in this paper is how the relationship and influence of HR management role, and the performance of the employees in Islamic bank. In addition this study will try to answer; whether the role of human resource management has a strong relationship with the employee's performance of Islamic banks or not; and whether the role of human resource management have a significant influence on employee performance of Islamic banks. This study focuses on BMI as a business unit and on the role of human resource management that includes the four functions, namely payroll management, knowledge management center, bussines strategic partner and champion employed. The results shown that HR Management has is no significant relationship to staffing, performance evaluation, compensation and industrial relations.Keywords: Human Resource Management, Employee Performance, BMI
Aprendizaje-Servicio en Matemáticas: Uso de Trayectorias de Aprendizaje en la formación universitaria
Authors: Gómez-Chacón I.M. , Ortuño T. , De la Fuente A.
Published: June 2020

Aprendizaje-Servicio es una metodología que adquiere cada vez más relevancia en el ámbito universitario. Cómo método de enseñanza busca vincular el aprendizaje del estudiante con el servicio a la comunidad generando beneficios en tres ámbitos: el currículum académico, la formación en valores y en el desarrollo de la responsabilidad social. En este artículo se presenta la implementación de proyectos de Aprendizaje y Servicio en Matemáticas en el ámbito docente universitario para la asignatura de Trabajo de Fin de Grado del Grado de Ingeniería Matemática. Apoyados en la experiencia desde 2012 y presentando un caso de estudio desarrollado durante el curso 2018-2019, se caracteriza la metodología de Aprendizaje-Servicio para el área de Matemáticas. Para ello ha sido importante cualificar elementos propios del ámbito de la Educación Matemática y también muy específicamente dotar de una herramienta didáctica que cualificara la fase de evaluación formativa de la metodología Aprendizaje-Servicio utilizando la noción de Trayectoria Hipotética de Aprendizaje. El análisis de resultados a través de esta herramienta explora cómo el Aprendizaje-Servicio beneficia el proceso de aprendizaje, fortaleciendo las competencias específicas y transversales del grado de Ingeniería Matemática. Así mismo el conocimiento matemático aporta una cualificación a tener en cuenta en la secuencia de tareas y en los instrumentos de evaluación de un proyecto.
El cambio organizativo en la educación superior en Colombia: Perspectivas y retos
Authors: Cardona Mejía L.M. , Pardo del Val M. , Dasí Coscollar A.
Published: June 2020

Este artículo presenta, de un lado, una perspectiva de las principales transformaciones y retos de la educación superior en Colombia y, de otro, los cambios organizativos que, en el marco de dichos retos, vienen desarrollando las instituciones de educación superior, así como un panorama frente a las estructuras administrativas y el perfil de formación de sus dirigentes. Para ello se desarrolló un análisis teórico y un estudio empírico que consistió en el diseño, validación y aplicación de un cuestionario a directores de programas del campo de la educación física en el país. Los resultados del análisis teórico dan cuenta de la evolución histórica de la educación superior en diversos momentos que la han marcado iniciando por la década de los 80, hasta el reciente intento de reforma de la Ley 30 y sus acciones posteriores. Los resultados del estudio empírico muestran la acreditación de programas y las reformas o ajustes curriculares como las principales situaciones de cambio, producto de las políticas del gobierno nacional. Un perfil de formación de los dirigentes, propio de la misma idiosincrasia de las instituciones de educación superior, constituido por profesores con formación profesional en el campo de la educación física y escasa formación posgradual en el área de la administración. Por lo inexplorado del tema en el campo de la educación física, el trabajo puede servir como punto de partida para otras investigaciones y abre futuras líneas como por ejemplo el análisis en otras regiones y/o campos de conocimiento.
Aprendizaje Basado en Competencias: desarrollo e implantación en el ámbito universitario
Authors: Villa Sánchez A.
Published: June 2020

Este artículo presenta un panorama del aprendizaje basado en competencias desde su origen en la creación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). El enfoque de Aprendizaje Basado en Competencias tuvo un origen polémico entre los defensores y los que consideraban que era inadecuado para la universidad por centrarse en una clara orientación al mercado empresarial. Se describen los distintos conceptos y ca­racterísticas según diferentes autores así como, las tipologías de competencias; trans­versales y específicas, y la distinción entre competencias genéricas en tres tipos: ins­trumentales, interpersonales y sistémicas. En el artículo se van desgranado diferentes datos provenientes de investigaciones en relación con las competencias. El primer estudio analiza los factores de los procesos de implementación del enfoque de com­petencias, distinguiendo cinco fases: Plani­ficación, Gestión pedagógica Coordinación entre el profesorado, Tutoría y Evaluación, y finalmente, la Revisión y Mejora. El segundo estudio examina los datos de una muestra internacional de 160 universidades sobre la implantación del aprendizaje y evaluación del enfoque de competencias. Además de las competencias en los estudios curricu­lares, se muestra una revisión de veintiún modelos sobre competencias referidas a los docentes. Entre las conclusiones de la revi­sión teórica y las investigaciones revisadas, se extraen algunas consideraciones sobre el fuerte impulso y generalización del aprendi­zaje basado en competencias no sólo en el ámbito universitario, sino en prácticamente en la mayoría de los sectores, tanto para de­finir sus perfiles como su formación y eva­luación. Los procesos de innovación están muy vinculados con el desarrollo de com­petencias, que definen los distintos perfiles profesionales y su uso para la selección, for­mación y evaluación del personal.

 
Mejora de competencias personales y prosociales a través de prácticums con Aprendizaje-Servicio en la Universidad
Authors: Blanch Gelabert S. , Edo Basté M. , París Romia G.
Published: June 2020

La investigación que hemos llevado a cabo está orientada a mejorar la formación de los futuros maestros de Grado de Educación Infantil incorporando la posibilidad de hacer un prácticum con Aprendizaje-Servicio para fomentar el compromiso social. Esta experiencia puede contribuir en formar a profesionales comprometidos a la vez que capacitados para acompañar los procesos de aprendizaje y de construcción de la personalidad de los niños. Para ello, existe una necesidad de revisar aspectos personales vinculados a valores, posicionamientos éticos y sociales con los estudiantes que se están formando como maestros. Por todo ello, el objetivo de esta investigación es provocar cambios en el modelo formativo de los maestros, creando estrategias que provoquen una relación más activa y participativa entre escuela y universidad, entendiendo la educación como un espacio compartido entre diferentes agentes sociales. A nivel metodológico se ha utilizado una metodología mixta: un cuestionario inicial para los estudiantes cursando el último prácticum del grado, un cuestionario final para estudiantes, maestros y tutores de la universidad y grupos focales con los tutores de las escuelas y de la universidad. Los resultados muestran las fortalezas de este planteamiento donde los alumnos que contribuyen con un prácticum con ApS, perciben una mayor valorización de las actitudes y aptitudes prosociales que los estudiantes que han hecho otro tipo de proyectos. Este resultado nos permite seguir aportando evidencias para una formación profesionalizadora con un mayor grado de compromiso social.  
Plasma urea nitrogen as an indicator of amino acid imbalance in rabbit diets
Authors: Marín-García Pablo Jesús , López-Luján María del Carmén , Ródenas Luís , Martínez-Paredes Eugenio Melchor , Blas Enrique , Pascual Juan José
Published: June 2020

In recent decades, recommendations on dietary protein content have been considerably reduced, while fibre content has been increased. Under these conditions, an adequate dietary amino acid balance could be crucial to optimise feed efficiency. Plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) level could be a good indicator of an amino acid imbalance and its potential has already been studied in other species, but not yet in rabbits. The main objective of the present work was to detect the possible interest of PUN in pinpointing amino acid deficiencies in rabbits. Two experimental diets were formulated from the same basal mixture, following all the recommendations for growing rabbits, except lysine, whose content was variable, following current guidelines in diet P8.1 or lower from those in P4.4 (with 8.1 and 4.4 g/kg dry matter of lysine and with 757 and 411 mg of lysine per MJ of digestible energy). Three different trials were designed: one where the animals were fed ad libitum (AL) and two others in which fasting periods of 10 h were included; one where feeding was restored at 08:00 h (Fast8h) and the other at 18:00 h (Fast18h). A total of 72 three-way crossbred growing rabbits (24 animals for each trial in a split-plot trial) up to a total of 12 recordings were used. Blood samples were taken every 4 h in AL trial and every hour after refeeding up to a total of six controls, in trials Fast8h and
Fast18h. The differences between balanced and unbalanced diets in lysine were highest (P<0.001) between 04:00 h and 12:00 h in animals fed ad libitum, and at 3 h after refeeding (21:00 h) in Fast18h. These results suggest that PUN could be an adequate indicator to detect deficiencies in amino acids in growing rabbit
diets.
COVID-19 and Public Transportation: Current Assessment, Prospects, and Research Needs
Authors: Tirachini Alejandro , Cats Oded
Published: June 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic poses a great challenge for contemporary public transportation worldwide, resulting from an unprecedented decline in demand and revenue. In this paper, we synthesize the state-of-the-art, up to early June 2020, on key developments regarding public transportation and the COVID-19 pandemic, including the different responses adopted by governments and public transportation agencies around the world, and the research needs pertaining to critical issues that minimize contagion risk in public transportation in the so-called post-lockdown phase. While attempts at adherence to physical distancing (which challenges the very concept of mass public transportation) are looming in several countries, the latest research shows that for closed environments such as public transportation vehicles, the proper use of face masks has significantly reduced the probability of contagion. The economic and social effects of the COVID-19 outbreak in public transportation extend beyond service performance and health risks to financial viability, social equity, and sustainable mobility. There is a risk that if the public transportation sector is perceived as poorly transitioning to post-pandemic conditions, that viewing public transportation as unhealthy will gain ground and might be sustained. To this end, this paper identifies the research needs and outlines a research agenda for the public health implications of alternative strategies and scenarios, specifically measures to reduce crowding in public transportation. The paper provides an overview and an outlook for transit policy makers, planners, and researchers to map the state-of-affairs and research needs related to the impacts of the pandemic crisis on public transportation. Some research needs require urgent attention given what is ultimately at stake in several countries: restoring the ability of public transportation systems to fulfill their societal role.
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some new 1,2,4-triazole derivatives bearing carbohydrazide moiety
Authors: Al-Sa’doni Haitham Husein , Delmani Fatima-Azzahra , Al Balushi Abdullah Mohammed , Al-Ahmad Ala’a Hamed , Alsawakhneh Sondos Omar , Al-Soud Yaseen Ahmad
Published: June 2020

In this study, a series of 1,2,4-triazol-3-carbohydrazide derivatives and compound of 1,2,4-triazole-3-(4H)-thion have been synthesized. Structures and purity of the new compounds were confirmed by the use of their chromatographic and spectral data besides microanalysis. Four different bacterial stains for the study of the biological activity of compounds 6g, 7c, 7g and 7i; two Gram-positive strains, and two Gram-negative strains have been used. Compound 6g was found to be the most active of the four tested compounds against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, with an inhibition zone diameter of 16, 9, and 10 mm, respectively. Calculating the minimal inhibitory concentration value (MIC) for the positive drugs who formed an inhibition zone in the agar well diffusion method, we found that both compounds 6g and 7i were the most active of the four tested compounds against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus with an MIC value of 0.5 µg/mL for both bacteria. These results suggest that these two compounds could be considered as potential antibacterial agents against a range of bacteria.
Inductively coupled plasma with mass-spectrometry method development and validation for gadolinium in gadolinium-based contrast agents of pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Kona Subramanya Srinivas , Changali Mallesh , Kalva Mahesh , Lakka Narasimha Swamy
Published: June 2020

Gadolinium-based contrast agent interacts with the human body temporarily and improves the pictures of inside of the body produced by magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, X-rays and ultrasound and it also helps to distinguish the normal from abnormal conditions. In this study, the authors developed a simple, rapid, reliable and robust inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry method for estimation of gadolinium in gadolinium-based contrast agents to check the drug quality and ensure the patient safety. The samples were digested at 160°C using the microwave digestion system and the gadolinium was extracted in 0.4% (w/w) nitric acid. Interference of deposited gadolinium on sample cone and skimmer cone were investigated and evaluated. The developed method was validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guideline and USP<730>. The precision was evaluated with six independent assays of gadolinium in each gadolinium-based contrast agent. The test method was found linear (r2 > 0.999) with five different levels covered from 25~200%, and accurate, mean recoveries were 92.5~107.5% at three different levels covered from 50~150%. The robustness was performed by changing the nitric acid concentration (0.4±0.04%, w/w) in diluent system. This method is suitable to quantitatively determine the amount of gadolinium in gadolinium-based contrast agent of drug products in presence of excipients used in formulation and also in drug substance.
Molecular mechanistic vision on binding interaction of triptan drug, a serotonin (5-HT1) agonist with human serum albumin through multispectral and computational assessments
Authors: Makegowda Manjushree , Doddarevanna Revanasiddappa Hosakere
Published: June 2020

The triptan drug such as eletriptan in combination with hydrochloride (ETP) is a 5-HT1 receptor agonist used to treat the migraine headache. Human serum albumin (HSA), the fundamental serum protein, executes various functions, that includes transporting and binding of many ligands. HSA binding interaction with ETP is elucidated from molecular docking in composite with fluorescence (emission, 3D and synchronous), UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy at 296, 304 and 312 K (pH = 7.40). ETP after interaction modified the HSA secondary structure and its micro-environments. Energy transfer and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. Various quenching and binding constants were computed for formed ETP-HSA complex. The dominant interactive forces for ETP and HSA binding are hydrogen bonds join up with van der Waals extent possibly at site III (IB). The presence of Ca2+, Co2+, Na+, Mg2+ and Fe3+ ions significantly affected binding ability of ETP towards HSA. The essentialness of this investigation is beneficial in life sciences, medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical industry and clinical medicine.
Editorial Board
Authors: Arslan Hakan
Published: June 2020

Editorial Board
Atmospheric VOC measurements at a High Arctic site: characteristics and source apportionment
Authors: Pernov Jakob B. , Bossi Rossana , Lebourgeois Thibaut , Nøjgaard Jacob K. , Holzinger Rupert , Hjorth Jens L. , Skov Henrik
Published: June 2020

Abstract. There are few long-term datasets of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the High Arctic. Furthermore, knowledge about their source regions remains lacking. To address this matter, we report a long-term dataset of highly time-resolved VOC measurements in the High Arctic from April to October 2018. We have utilized a combination of measurement and modeling techniques to characterize the mixing ratios, temporal patterns, and sources of VOCs at Villum Research Station at Station Nord, in Northeast Greenland. Atmospheric VOCs were measured using Proton Transfer-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). Ten ions were selected for source apportionment with the receptor model, positive matrix factorization (PMF). A four-factor solution to the PMF model was deemed optimal. The factors identified were Biomass Burning, Marine Cryosphere, Background, and Arctic Haze. The Biomass Burning factor described the variation of acetonitrile and benzene. Back trajectory analysis indicated the influence of active fires in North America and Eurasia. The Marine Cryosphere factor was comprised of carboxylic acids (formic, acetic, and propionic acid) as well as dimethyl sulfide (DMS). This factor displayed a clear diurnal profile during periods of snow and sea ice melt. Back trajectories showed that the source regions for this factor were the coasts around North Greenland and the Arctic Ocean. The Background factor was temporally ubiquitous, with a slight decrease in the summer. This factor was not driven by any individual chemical species. The Arctic Haze factor was dominated by benzene with contributions from oxygenated VOCs. This factor exhibited a maximum in the spring and minima during the summer and autumn. This temporal pattern and species profile are indicative of anthropogenic sources in the mid-latitudes. This study provides seasonal characteristics and sources of VOCs and can help elucidate the processes affecting the atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical feedback mechanisms in the High Arctic.
Dynamics of environmental conditions during the decline of a Cymodocea nodosa meadow
Authors: Najdek Mirjana , Korlević Marino , Paliaga Paolo , Markovski Marsej , Ivančić Ingrid , Iveša Ljiljana , Felja Igor , Herndl Gerhard J.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The dynamics of the physicochemical and biological
parameters were followed during the decline of a Cymodocea nodosa meadow in the northern
Adriatic Sea from July 2017 to October 2018. During the regular growth of
C. nodosa from July 2017 to March 2018, the species successfully adapted to the changes in
environmental conditions and prevented H2S accumulation by its
reoxidation, supplying the sediment with O2 from the water column
and/or leaf photosynthesis. The C. nodosa decline was most likely triggered in April 2018 when light availability to the plant was drastically reduced due to
increased seawater turbidity that resulted from increased terrigenous input,
indicated by a decrease in salinity accompanied with a substantial increase
in particulate matter concentration, combined with resuspension of sediment
and elevated autotrophic biomass. Light reduction impaired photosynthesis of
C. nodosa and the oxidation capability of belowground tissue. Simultaneously, a
depletion of oxygen due to intense oxidation of H2S occurred in the
sediment, thus creating anoxic conditions in most of the rooted areas. These
linked negative effects on the plant performance caused an accumulation of
H2S in the sediments of the C. nodosa meadow. During the decay of aboveground and
belowground tissues, culminating in August 2018, high concentrations of
H2S were reached and accumulated in the sediment as well as in bottom
waters. The influx of oxygenated waters in September 2018 led to the
re-establishment of H2S oxidation in the sediment and remainder of the
belowground tissue. Our results indicate that if disturbances of
environmental conditions, particularly those compromising the light
availability, take place during the recruitment phase of plant growth when
metabolic needs are at a maximum and stored reserves minimal, a sudden and
drastic decline of the seagrass meadow occurs.
Further improvement of wet process treatments in GEOS-Chem v12.6.0: impact on global distributions of aerosols and aerosol precursors
Authors: Luo Gan , Yu Fangqun , Moch Jonathan M.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Wet processes, including aqueous-phase chemistry, wet scavenging, and wet
surface uptake during dry deposition, are important for global modeling of
aerosols and aerosol precursors. In this study, we improve the treatments of
these wet processes in the Goddard Earth Observing System with chemistry (GEOS-Chem) v12.6.0, including pH calculations for
cloud, rain, and wet surfaces, the fraction of cloud available for aqueous-phase
chemistry, rainout efficiencies for various types of clouds, empirical
washout by rain and snow, and wet surface uptake during dry deposition. We
compare simulated surface mass concentrations of aerosols and aerosol
precursors with surface monitoring networks over the United States, European,
Asian, and Arctic regions, and show that model results with updated wet
processes agree better with measurements for most species. With the
implementation of these updates, normalized mean biases (NMBs) of surface
nitric acid, nitrate, and ammonium are reduced from 78 %, 126 %, and
45 % to 0.9 %, 15 %, and 4.1 % over the US sites, from 107 %,
127 %, and 90 % to −0.7 %, 4.2 %, and 16 % over European sites, and
from 121 %, 269 %, and 167 % to −21 %, 37 %, and 86 % over Asian
remote region sites. Comparison with surface measured SO2, sulfate, and
black carbon at four Arctic sites indicated that those species simulated
with the updated wet processes match well with observations except for a
large underestimate of black carbon at one of the sites. We also compare our
model simulation with aircraft measurement of nitric acid and aerosols
during the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom)-1 and ATom-2
periods and found a significant improvement of
modeling skill of nitric acid, sulfate, and ammonium in the Northern
Hemisphere during wintertime. The NMBs of these species are reduced from
163 %, 78 %, and 217 % to −13 %, −1 %, and 10 %, respectively.
The investigation of impacts of updated wet process treatments on surface
mass concentrations indicated that the updated wet processes have strong
impacts on the global means of nitric acid, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium
and relative small impacts on the global means of sulfur dioxide, dust, sea
salt, black carbon, and organic carbon.
Large-scale englacial folding and deep-ice stratigraphy within the West Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: Ross Neil , Corr Hugh , Siegert Martin
Published: June 2020

Abstract. It has been hypothesized that complex englacial structures identified within the East Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets are generated by (i) water freezing to the ice sheet base and evolving under ice flow, (ii) deformation of ice of varying rheology, or (iii) entrainment of basal material. Using ice-penetrating radar, we identify a widespread complex of deep-ice facies in West Antarctica that exist in the absence of basal water. These deep-ice units are extensive, thick (>500 m), and incorporate multiple highly reflective englacial layers. At the lateral margin of an enhanced flow tributary of the Institute Ice Stream, these units are heavily deformed and folded by the action of lateral flow convergence. Radar reflectivity analysis demonstrates that the uppermost reflector of the deep-ice package is highly anisotropic, due to abrupt alternations in crystal orientation fabric, and consequently will have a different rheology to the ice above and below it. Deformation and folding of the deep-ice package is an englacial response to the combination of laterally-convergent ice flow and the physical properties of the ice column.
Past ice sheet–seabed interactions in the northeastern Weddell Sea embayment, Antarctica
Authors: Arndt Jan Erik , Larter Robert D. , Hillenbrand Claus-Dieter , Sørli Simon H. , Forwick Matthias , Smith James A. , Wacker Lukas
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The Antarctic ice sheet extent in the Weddell Sea
embayment (WSE) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ca. 19–25 calibrated
kiloyears before present, ka cal BP) and its subsequent retreat from the
shelf are poorly constrained, with two conflicting scenarios being
discussed. Today, the modern Brunt Ice Shelf, the last remaining ice shelf
in the northeastern WSE, is only pinned at a single location and recent
crevasse development may lead to its rapid disintegration in the near
future. We investigated the seafloor morphology on the northeastern WSE
shelf and discuss its implications, in combination with marine geological
records, to create reconstructions of the past behaviour of this sector of the
East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS), including ice–seafloor interactions. Our
data show that an ice stream flowed through Stancomb-Wills Trough and acted
as the main conduit for EAIS drainage during the LGM in this sector.
Post-LGM ice stream retreat occurred stepwise, with at least three
documented grounding-line still-stands, and the trough had become free of
grounded ice by ∼10.5 ka cal BP. In contrast, slow-flowing
ice once covered the shelf in Brunt Basin and extended westwards toward
McDonald Bank. During a later time period, only floating ice was present
within Brunt Basin, but large “ice slabs” enclosed within the ice shelf
occasionally ran aground at the eastern side of McDonald Bank, forming 10
unusual ramp-shaped seabed features. These ramps are the result of temporary
ice shelf grounding events buttressing the ice further upstream. To the west
of this area, Halley Trough very likely was free of grounded ice during the
LGM, representing a potential refuge for benthic shelf fauna at this time.
Combined Effects of Telehealth and Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for Individuals with Chronic Hemiparesis
Authors: Smith Mary Ann , Tomita Machiko R.
Published: June 2020

Telehealth use allows improved access to services and results in potential cost savings. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a combined modified Constrained Induced Movement Therapy (mCIMT) program using telehealth and in-person sessions, for participants with higher (Group 1) and lower (Group 2) functional ability of the hemiparetic upper extremity. Using a pre-experimental design with a 6-week intervention, 28 participants were assessed twice on use of upper extremity via subjective and objective measures. For the Motor Activity Log, the amount of use and quality of use were significant for Groups 1 and 2.  Significant improvements were shown on the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), the Fugl-Meyer UE, and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) for both groups except for the strength subtest on the WMFT and the timed portion for Group 1. Percentages of attendance for telehealth and in-person sessions were also compared. Telehealth sessions had a higher attendance rate (84.5%) than in-person sessions (75.3%) (p=.004). The combined mCIMT program of telerehabilitation and in-person group sessions was effective in improving functional ability after a stroke.