bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Self‐Powered Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Parandeh Samira , Etemadi Niloofar , Kharaziha Mahshid , Chen Guorui , Nashalian Ardo , Xiao Xiao , Chen Jun
Published: August 2021

Over the last decade, in pursuit to provide suitable alternatives for power supplies of medical devices in regenerative medicine, extensive research on nanogenerators has been developed. Such devices can overcome current commercial battery challenges, including intense heat‐on‐body complications due to the electrical current during therapeutic usage, leading to protein denaturation, cell structure destruction, and even cell necrosis. In addition, these traditional batteries contain a bulky and heavy structure that prevents them from providing sustainable on body biomedical therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, advantages such as wide‐range biocompatible and biodegradable materials, lightweight, and sufficient stretchability for device construction can minimize the side effects of implantable devices, including inflammation or toxicity, as well as eliminate secondary surgery to replace or remove batteries. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are associated with harvesting mechanical energy in various forms, among which human body motions can serve as a renewable power source for healthcare systems. This review is written to emphasize the importance of TENG's applications in regenerative medicine and modulation purposes, particularly for the nervous system. Some crucial parameters for implantable consideration are discussed. In the concluding remarks, features for clinical utilization including output efficiency, encapsulation, stability, and miniaturization are suggested as challenges and prospects.
Muscle‐Inspired MXene Conductive Hydrogels with Anisotropy and Low‐Temperature Tolerance for Wearable Flexible Sensors and Arrays
Authors: Feng Yubin , Liu Hou , Zhu Weihang , Guan Lin , Yang Xinting , Zvyagin Andrei V. , Zhao Yue , Shen Chun , Yang Bai , Lin Quan
Published: August 2021

Conductive hydrogels as flexible electronic devices, not only have unique attractions but also meet the basic need of mechanical flexibility and intelligent sensing. How to endow anisotropy and a wide application temperature range for traditional homogeneous conductive hydrogels and flexible sensors is still a challenge. Herein, a directional freezing method is used to prepare anisotropic MXene conductive hydrogels that are inspired by ordered structures of muscles. Due to the anisotropy of MXene conductive hydrogels, the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity are enhanced in specific directions. The hydrogels have a wide temperature resistance range of −36 to 25 °C through solvent substitution. Thus, the muscle‐inspired MXene conductive hydrogels with anisotropy and low‐temperature resistance can be used as wearable flexible sensors. The sensing signals are further displayed on the mobile phone as images through wireless technology, and images will change with the collected signals to achieve motion detection. Multiple flexible sensors are also assembled into a 3D sensor array for detecting the magnitude and spatial distribution of forces or strains. The MXene conductive hydrogels with ordered orientation and anisotropy are promising for flexible sensors, which have broad application prospects in human–machine interface compatibility and medical monitoring.
Superswelling Microneedle Arrays for Dermal Interstitial Fluid (Prote)Omics
Authors: Laszlo Elise , De Crescenzo Gregory , Nieto‐Argüello Alfonso , Banquy Xavier , Brambilla Davide
Published: August 2021

The noninvasive sampling of dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) for the monitoring of clinical biomarkers is a greatly appealing area of research. The identification of molecular biomarkers in biological fluids has been accelerated with ‐omics analyses but remains limited in ISF because of its time‐consuming and complex extraction process. Here, the generation of microneedle (MN) patches made of superabsorbent acrylate‐based hydrogels for the rapid sampling of dermal ISF is described to explore its proteome. In depth, iterative optimization allows the identification of novel acrylate‐based compositions with the required chemical, mechanical, and biocompatibility properties allowing proteomic analysis of the extracted ISF for the first time after sampling with swelling MNs. The generated MN arrays show no cytotoxic effect, successfully cross the stratum corneum, and can collect up to 6 µL of dermal ISF in 10 min in vivo. Proteomics lead to the detection of 176 clinically relevant biomarkers in the collected samples validating the use of ISF as a relevant bodily fluid for disease monitoring and diagnostic. Importantly, it is discovered that extraction fingerprint is strongly dependent on the MNs chemistry, and thus specific biomarkers could be selectively extracted by tuning the composition of the patch, making the system versatile and specific.
Structural Design Variations in Beetle Elytra
Authors: Rivera Jesus , Murata Satoshi , Hosseini Maryam Sadat , Trikanad Adwait A. , James Robin , Pickle Allison , Yaraghi Nicholas , Matsumoto Nana , Yang Wen , Parkinson Dilworth Y. , Barnard Harold S. , Zavattieri Pablo , Arakaki Atsushi , Kisailus David
Published: August 2021

Beetles typically use their protective wing coverings or elytra to shield their membranous hindwings from the environment. Elytra in some terrestrial species have evolved a greater protective role capable of shielding the organism from powerful antagonistic predators. The structure–function relationships of these biological composites identify how architectural and chemical variations of the cuticle are tuned to create light‐weight, impact resistant composites. Specifically, the elytral structures of a tree dwelling beetle capable of flight, Trypoxylus dichotomus, and a terrestrial beetle incapable of flight, Phloeodes diabolicus, are compared to understand how their varied environmental needs forged the elytra to facilitate fight or resist fatal predator strikes. Mechanical and microstructural analysis reveals P. diabolicus has a harder, stiffer elytra that incorporate through‐thickness fibers to resist greater mechanical stresses imposed by bending and puncture. Conversely, the elytra of T. dichotomus have a compliant structure with large voids that facilitates localized deformation. Variations in flexural strength and puncture resistance remain attributed to P. diabolicus possessing a thicker cuticle with a greater degree of cross‐linking and an increased amount of endocuticular layers. These findings may provide useful insight into the design and manufacturing of composite materials for use in light‐weight or energy‐absorbing applications.
Membrane Materials for Selective Ion Separations at the Water–Energy Nexus
Authors: DuChanois Ryan M. , Porter Cassandra J. , Violet Camille , Verduzco Rafael , Elimelech Menachem
Published: August 2021

Synthetic polymer membranes are enabling components in key technologies at the water–energy nexus, including desalination and energy conversion, because of their high water/salt selectivity or ionic conductivity. However, many applications at the water–energy nexus require ion selectivity, or separation of specific ionic species from other similar species. Here, the ion selectivity of conventional polymeric membrane materials is assessed and recent progress in enhancing selective transport via tailored free volume elements and ion–membrane interactions is described. In view of the limitations of polymeric membranes, three material classes—porous crystalline materials, 2D materials, and discrete biomimetic channels—are highlighted as possible candidates for ion‐selective membranes owing to their molecular‐level control over physical and chemical properties. Lastly, research directions and critical challenges for developing bioinspired membranes with molecular recognition are provided.
A Microvascular‐Based Multifunctional and Reconfigurable Metamaterial
Authors: Devi Urmi , Pejman Reza , Phillips Zachary J. , Zhang Pengfei , Soghrati Soheil , Nakshatrala Kalyana B. , Najafi Ahmad R. , Schab Kurt R. , Patrick Jason F.
Published: August 2021

Nearly all‐natural and synthetic composites derive their characteristic attributes from a hierarchical makeup. Engineered metamaterials exhibit properties not existing in natural composites by precise patterning, often periodically on size scales smaller than the wavelength of the phenomenon they influence. Lightweight fiber‐reinforced polymer composites, comprising stiff/strong fibers embedded within a continuous matrix, offer a superior structural platform for micro‐architectured metamaterials. The emergence of microvascular fiber‐composites, originally conceived for bioinspired self‐healing via microchannels filled with functional fluids, provides a unique pathway for dynamic reconfigurable behavior. Demonstrated here is the new ability to modulate both electromagnetic and thermal responses within a single structural composite by fluid substitution within a serpentine vasculature. Liquid metal infiltration of varying density micro‐channels alters polarized radio‐frequency wave reflection, while water circulation through the same vasculature enables active‐cooling. This latest approach to control bulk property plurality by widespread vascularization exhibits minimal impact on structural performance. Detailed experimental/computational studies, presented in this paper, unravel the effects of micro‐vascular topology on macro‐mechanical behavior. The results, spanning multiple physics, provide a new benchmark for future design optimization and real‐world application of multifunctional and adaptive microvascular composite metamaterials.
Erythrocytes, a New Contributor to Age‐Associated Loss of Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity
Authors: Amiri Payam , DeCastro Jonalyn , Littig Joshua , Lu Hsiang‐Wei , Liu Chao , Conboy Irina , Aran Kiana
Published: August 2021

Blood exchanges between young and old partners demonstrate old blood has a detrimental effect on brain health of young animals. Previous studies primarily investigate soluble blood factors, such as transforming growth factor‐beta, on the brain and the blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, the role of blood cellular components, particularly erythrocytes, has not been defined. Erythrocyte morphology and rigidity change as mammals age, altering their transport within the capillary bed. This impacts downstream biological events, such as the release of reactive oxygen species and hemoglobin, potentially compromising the BBB. Here, a micro electrical BBB (µE‐BBB), with cocultured endothelial and astrocytic cells, and a built‐in trans‐endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) system is described to monitor the effect of capillary shear stress on erythrocytes derived from young and old mice and people and the subsequent effects of these cells on BBB integrity. This is monitored by the passage of fluorescein isothiocyanate‐dextran and real‐time profiling of TEER across the BBB after old and young erythrocyte exposure. Compared to young erythrocytes, old erythrocytes induce an increased permeability by 42% and diminished TEER by 2.9% of the µE‐BBB. These results suggest that changes in circulating erythrocytes are a biomarker of aging in the context of BBB integrity.
A Versatile Theranostic Platform for Colorectal Cancer Peritoneal Metastases: Real‐Time Tumor‐Tracking and Photothermal‐Enhanced Chemotherapy
Authors: Sun Tao , Zhang Guangping , Ning Tingting , Chen Qinjun , Chu Yongchao , Luo Yifan , You Haoyu , Su Boyu , Li Chao , Guo Qin , Jiang Chen
Published: August 2021

A versatile tumor‐targeting stimuli‐responsive theranostic platform for peritoneal metastases of colorectal cancer is proposed in this work for tumor tracking and photothermal‐enhanced chemotherapy. A quenched photosensitizer (“off” state) is developed and escorted into a tumor‐targeting oxaliplatin‐embedded micelle. Once reaching the tumor cell, the micelle is clasped to release free oxaliplatin, as well as the “off” photosensitizer, which is further activated (“turned‐on”) in the tumor reducing microenvironment to provide optical imaging and photothermal effect. The combined results from hyperthermia‐enhanced chemotherapy, deep penetration, perfused O2, and the leveraged GSH‐ROS imbalance in tumor cells are achieved for improved antitumor efficacy and reduced systematic toxicity.
Measurement errors in index trader positions data: Is the price pressure hypothesis still invalid?
Authors: Bohl Martin T. , Branger Nicole , Trede Mark
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we examine whether the repeated rejection of Masters's price pressure hypothesis is robust with respect to measurement errors in index trader positions data. We allow for autocorrelated errors and a potential impact of index trader positions on both the level and volatility of commodity returns. The resulting state‐space model is estimated via particle Markov chain Monte Carlo (PMCMC). The empirical investigation relies on weekly data for 12 commodities listed in the SCoT and DCoT reports from 2006 to 2020. Our empirical findings show that the rejection of the price pressure hypothesis is robust concerning the inclusion of measurement errors in index trader positions data.
Recent Technological Developments in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebral Edema
Authors: Deshmukh Karthikeya P. , Rahmani Dabbagh Sajjad , Jiang Nan , Tasoglu Savas , Yetisen Ali K.
Published: August 2021

Latest technological advancements in neurocritical care have translated to improved clinical outcomes and have paved the way for the effective diagnosis and treatment of cerebral edema. Effective management of cerebral edema has the potential to provide a personalized treatment by obtaining the complete pathophysiological information of the patient. The aims of this review are to inform the reader about the research and development in this field in the past decade as well as the materialization of scientific literature through patents. There is a growing interest in multimodal monitoring of the diseased brain as it provides a necessary means to implement effective intervention strategies. Although there is a gradual shift toward the adoption of noninvasive devices for research purposes, their clinical applications are hindered by their inaccuracies. However, the inherent risk of complication and high costs of implementation challenge the status quo. The role of neuroprotectants is explored and the combination of neurodiagnostic and neuroprotective approaches is proposed. Finally, the impacts of the current state of global affairs are discussed and it is predicted that the rising number of traumatic brain injury patents will inevitably translate to improvements in technologies to effectively address cerebral edema.
Nγ‐Hydroxyasparagine: A Multifunctional Unnatural Amino Acid That is a Good P1 Substrate of Asparaginyl Peptide Ligases
Authors: Xia Yiyin , To Janet , Chan Ning‐Yu , Hu Side , Liew Heng Tai , Balamkundu Seetharamsing , Zhang Xiaohong , Lescar Julien , Bhattacharjya Surajit , Tam James P. , Liu Chuan‐Fa
Published: August 2021

Peptidyl asparaginyl ligases (PALs) are powerful tools for peptide macrocyclization. Herein, we report that a derivative of Asn, namely Nγ‐hydroxyasparagine or Asn(OH), is an unnatural P1 substrate of PALs. By Asn(OH)‐mediated cyclization, we prepared cyclic peptides as new matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) inhibitors displaying the hydroxamic acid moiety of Asn(OH) as the key pharmacophore. The most potent cyclic peptide (Ki=2.8±0.5 nM) was built on the hyperstable tetracyclic scaffold of rhesus theta defensin‐1. The Asn(OH) residue in the cyclized peptides can also be readily oxidized to Asp. By this approach, we synthesized several bioactive Asp‐containing cyclic peptides (MCoTI‐II, kB2, SFTI, and integrin‐targeting RGD peptides) that are otherwise difficult targets for PAL‐catalyzed cyclization owing to unfavorable kinetics of the P1‐Asp substrates. This study demonstrates that substrate engineering is a useful strategy to expand the application of PAL ligation in the synthesis of therapeutic cyclic peptides.
Elasmobranch fishing and trade in Sarawak, Malaysia, with implications for management
Authors: Booth Hollie , Chaya Faith , Ng Sylvia , Tan Veni , Rao Madhu , Teepol Batrisyia , Matthews Elizabeth , Lim Annie , Gumal Melvin
Published: August 2021

Many shark and ray (elasmobranch) species are threatened with extinction, due to overfishing and commercial trade

Sarawak is situated in Malaysian Borneo in the Coral Triangle: a global priority region for elasmobranch conservation. Malaysia is the world’s eighth largest elasmobranch fishing nation, and Sarawak is one of Malaysia’s largest fishing states, yet there are limited species‐specific data on catch and trade of elasmobranchs to support conservation and fisheries management decisions.

This study presents landing site and market survey data, collected in Sarawak from January 2017 to December 2019. Geographical, temporal and operational trends in volumes of catch and trade are explored; the total volume, value and species composition of Sarawak's local elasmobranch markets is estimated; and simple size‐based indicators are used to assess the sustainability of elasmobranch utilization for several conservation‐priority and frequently traded species, including Critically Endangered and CITES‐listed scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) and bottlenose wedgefish (Rhynchobatus australiae).

The results conservatively estimate that >26,500 elasmobranchs (~90,000 kg) are locally traded in Sarawak annually, worth ~US$125,000 per year at the market level.

Trade is dominated by small to medium‐sized coastal requiem sharks (Carcharhinidae) and stingrays (Dasyatidae), with endangered and CITES‐listed species making up 26% and 32% of total landings and trade, respectively.

High proportions of immature individuals were recorded, with evidence of overfishing for several species, based on simple size‐based indicators.

Several options are outlined for improving management of elasmobranch fishing and trade in the future, including spatio‐temporal closures and live release protocols, which could help to reduce the mortality of critically endangered species and implement CITES. Such measures could have large conservation impacts with limited socio‐economic cost, since these species make up <5% of the total value of the elasmobranch market. However, management plans need to be co‐designed with full participation of affected coastal communities in order to be ethical and effective.
Activation of Hypothalamic AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase Ameliorates Metabolic Complications of Experimental Arthritis
Authors: Seoane‐Collazo Patricia , Rial‐Pensado Eva , Estévez‐Salguero Ánxela , Milbank Edward , García‐Caballero Lucía , Ríos Marcos , Liñares‐Pose Laura , Scotece Morena , Gallego Rosalía , Fernández‐Real José Manuel , Nogueiras Rubén , Diéguez Carlos , Gualillo Oreste , López Miguel
Published: August 2021

Objective

To investigate whether thermogenesis and the hypothalamus may be involved in the physiopathology of experimental arthritis (EA).

Methods

EA was induced in male Lewis rats by intradermal injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA). Food intake, body weight, plasma cytokines, thermographic analysis, gene and protein expression of thermogenic markers in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT), and hypothalamic AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) were analyzed. Virogenetic activation of hypothalamic AMPK was performed.

Results

We first demonstrated that EA was associated with increased BAT thermogenesis and browning of subcutaneous WAT leading to elevated energy expenditure. Moreover, rats experiencing EA showed inhibition of hypothalamic AMPK, a canonical energy sensor modulating energy homeostasis at the central level. Notably, specific genetic activation of AMPK in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (a key site modulating energy metabolism) reversed the effect of EA on energy balance, brown fat, and browning, as well as promoting amelioration of synovial inflammation in experimental arthritis.

Conclusion

Overall, these data indicate that EA promotes a central catabolic state that can be targeted and reversed by the activation of hypothalamic AMPK. This might provide new therapeutic alternatives to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)–associated metabolic comorbidities, improving the overall prognosis in patients with RA.
Flipped spotters learning model: An innovative student activity‐based strategy. A preparation tool for anatomy practical examinations in medical education
Authors: Łopińska Marcelina , Gielecki Jerzy Stanisław , Żurada Anna
Published: August 2021

The flipped spotters learning model is a modern student activity‐based and learner‐centered method in medical education. The aim of the study was to determine if the flipped spotters learning model improves students' learning. Participants were 1214 medical students of Polish (PD) and English (ED) divisions between 2013 and 2019 academic years at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland. They were divided into a traditional group (control group) and a flipped spotters learning group (treatment group). Each flipped spotters learning group was asked to label anatomical structures on various specimens according to the structures name list prepared by the teacher on the multiple stations. The flipped spotters learning group leaders were instructed to take pictures with the appropriately marked structures on each of the human body prosections. After completion of the class, each flipped spotters team received photos for evaluation. In the flipped spotters learning model, the students strengthened their skills and knowledge by matching specimens independently as a form of practical laboratory activities. Students' performance in gross anatomy practical examinations between the group utilizing the flipped spotters learning model, and the group with the traditional teaching model was compared. Students participating in the treatment group achieved, on average 9.9 percentage points higher among PD students, and 13.0 percentage points higher among ED students than the control group in all nine practical examinations (the effect size ranging from 0.47 to 0.95). The results suggest the positive impact of flipped spotters model on improving student's performance in the practical examinations.
Production of cello‐oligosaccharides through the biorefinery concept: A technical‐economic and life‐cycle assessment
Authors: Barbosa Fernando C. , Nogueira Guilherme P. , Kendrick Emanuele , Franco Telma T. , Leak David , Dias Marina O. S. , Cavaliero Carla K. N. , Goldbeck Rosana
Published: August 2021

Producers look for co‐products to increase the value chain and production flexibility. With a high market aggregate value, the production of cello‐oligosaccharides (COS) as functional oligosaccharides from cellulosic substrates has been investigated. As COS/cellopentaose production process are rarely described in the literature, this study estimated the cellopentaose production cost and performed a life‐cycle assessment of the cellopentaose production process previously developed using sugarcane straw as a substrate. The results demonstrated that, through the six scenarios studied, it was possible to obtain a cellopentaose unit production cost varying between USD 0.40 and 1.15/mg, and that optimization in the upstream sector can reduce the total plant direct cost and the overall life‐cycle impact. The results also suggested that a better understanding of the hydrolysis solid/liquid proportion is necessary to reduce the bulk material cost. An environmental impact reduction of between 16.2% and 19.9% was also observed. In terms of the integrated biorefinery concept, sugarcane straw fermentation represents a prospective technology for the production of COS. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Market prospects for biochar production and application in California
Authors: Thengane Sonal K. , Kung Kevin , Hunt Josiah , Gilani Haris R. , Lim C. Jim , Sokhansanj Shahabaddine , Sanchez Daniel L.
Published: August 2021

The state of California could play an important role in emerging markets for biochar, due in part to the availability of low‐value biomass resources and their potential for use in agriculture sector. In this study, we assess the scale of production and use, and comment on potential markets for biochar in California. We explore various sectors for the application of biochar produced from local biomass using surveys and a market‐sizing approach. A market‐oriented approach for biochar innovation and the ecosystem around a biochar producer is also discussed. Next, we identify barriers to biochar market success in the present and the near future based on a survey of local producers. Among the barriers analyzed, access to capital investment for scale‐up is the biggest barrier experienced by a majority of producers, followed by market and demand. When grouped under different categories, the extent of barriers decreased in the order: market > scale‐up > technical > socio‐political > environmental. Most producers anticipate that revenues from carbon offset credits would help them scale up their facilities and expand the biochar market. In the near future, soil‐based applications of biochar could be the most likely market for biochar, followed by filtration, livestock feed, and manure management. As the industry evolves, rewarding carbon credits, increasing awareness and improving production processes are expected to help commercialize biochar. Finally, we offer recommendations to promote the growth of biochar in California. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Polyphenols as modulators of pre‐established gut microbiota dysbiosis: State‐of‐the‐art
Authors: Molinari Romina , Merendino Nicolò , Costantini Lara
Published: August 2021

The human intestine contains an intricate ecological community of bacteria, referred as the gut microbiota, which plays a pivotal role in the host homeostasis. Multiple factors could interfere with this delicate balance, thus causing a disruption of the microbiota equilibrium, the so called dysbiosis. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in gastrointestinal and extra‐intestinal metabolic diseases, as obesity and diabetes. Polyphenols, present in a broad range of plant foods, are known to have numerous health benefits; however, their beneficial effect on pre‐existing dysbiosis is less clear. Indeed, in most of the conducted animal studies the administration of polyphenols or foods rich in polyphenols occurred simultaneously with the induction of the pathology to be examined, then analyzing the preventive action of the polyphenols on the onset of dysbiosis, while very low studies analyzed the modulatory activity of polyphenols on the pre‐existing dysbiosis. For this reason, the present review aims to update the current information about the modulation of the pre‐established gut microbiota dysbiosis by dietary phenolic compounds in a broad range of disorders in both animal studies and human trials, distinguishing the preventive or treatment approaches in animal studies. The described studies highlight that dietary polyphenols, exerting prebiotic‐like effects, can modulate the pre‐existing dysbiosis stimulating the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria in both animal models and humans. Anyway, most of the conducted studies are related to obesity and metabolic syndrome, and so further studies are needed to understand this polyphenols' ability in relation to other pathologies.
Two Medicinal Plants (Alkanna trichophila and Convolvulus galaticus) from Turkey: Chemical Characterization and Biological Perspectives
Authors: Mahomoodally Mohamad Fawzi , Zengin Gokhan , Sinan Kouadio Ibrahime , Ak Gunes , Sadeer Nabeelah Bibi , Angeloni Simone , Mustafa Ahmed M. , Caprioli Giovanni , Maggi Filippo , Cakilcioglu Ugur , Kaplan Alevcan , Babacan Ebru Yuce , Bouyahya Abdelhakim , Darendelioglu Ekrem
Published: August 2021

The aim of the present study was to quantify selected phenolic compounds, determine antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory effects of the aerial parts of Alkanna trichophylla Hub.‐Mor. (A. trichophylla) and Convolvulus galaticus Rost.ex Choisy (C. galaticus) extracts prepared by homogenizer‐assisted extraction (HAE), maceration (MAC) and infusion techniques. This is the first time such study has been designed to validate the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of these plants. Multivariate analysis was conducted on collected data. Rutin and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives were the most significant compounds in A. trichophylla and C. galaticus, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity of A. trichophylla was mostly exhibited by HAE/methanolic extracts as determined by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP (51.39, 112.70 and 145.73 mg TE/g, respectively) and phosphomolybdenum (2.05 mmol TE/g) assays. However, significant antioxidant activities varied within the extracts of C. galaticus. HAE/methanolic extract of A. trichophylla significantly depressed AChE (2.70 mg GALAE/g), BChE (5.53 mg GALAE/g) and tyrosinase (26.34 mg KAE/g) activities and that of C. galaticus inhibited AChE (2.04 mg GALAE/g), tyrosinase (31.25 mg KAE/g) and α‐amylase (0.53 mmol ACAE/g) activities significantly. We concluded that HAE was the most efficient extraction technique as high yield of compounds and promising bioactivities were recorded from extracts prepared. Multivariate analysis showed that types of solvents influenced recovery of compounds and biological activities. This research study can be used as one methodological starting point for further investigation on these plants as all results are clearly promising and open the door to further research challenges such as cytotoxicity evaluation, molecular docking analysis, and more screening of pharmacological actions.
Devastating iatrogenic internal carotid artery rupture in endoscopic endonasal surgery rescued by a covered stent
Authors: Fu Xiaojie , Quan Tao , Yuan Yongjie , Xu Haowen , Guan Sheng
Published: August 2021

Iatrogenic ICA injury is a life‐threatening and underreported complication of EES. For selected patients, covered stent implantation is the best and only way to block the rupture spot immediately and maintain ICA blood flow.
Is it just an obstructive pyelonephritis?
Authors: Teixeira Mariana , Ferreira Filipa Coroado , Naia Leonor , Pinheiro Inês , Rabadão Tiago , Aveiro Marcelo , Ferreira Erica , Silva Fernando
Published: August 2021

Pyelocaliceal obstruction is a diagnostic challenge, and it is important to identify the obstruction cause. Some patients present extra‐renal compressive masses that need further imagiologic investigation and a biopsy, to establish the diagnosis.
Focal eosinophilic infiltration of the liver, benign or malignant?
Authors: Claeys Wouter , Delie Anke , Smeets Peter , De Scheerder Marie‐Angelique , Degroote Helena , Verhelst Xavier , Van Vlierberghe Hans , Geerts Anja
Published: August 2021

Focal eosinophilic infiltration (FEI) of the liver shares imaging characteristics with malignant hepatic lesions but should be suspected when concomitantly observing eosinophilia. While in itself benign, the cause of FEI should be sought and treated.
Concomitant occurrence of genetically distinct Hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal lymphoma
Authors: Dubois Sydney , Ruminy Philippe , Bohers Elodie , Viailly Pierre‐Julien , Veresezan Liana , Picquenot Jean‐Michel , Bobée Victor , Viennot Mathieu , Penther Dominique , Camus Vincent , Thieblemont Catherine , Pouaty Camille , Tilly Hervé , Jardin Fabrice
Published: August 2021

Synchronous Hodgkin Lymphoma and Primary Mediastinal B‐cell Lymphoma is possible, with molecular analyses proving the absence of clonal filiation between both entities. This suggests a common etiology but the existence of two divergent clones.
Psychogenic fever due to worry about COVID‐19: A case report
Authors: Imataki Osamu , Uemura Makiko
Published: August 2021

Psychogenic fever is stress‐related hyperthermia that is recognized as a psychosomatic condition. We treated a 46‐year‐old Japanese man who was worrying about the coronavirus infection (COVID‐19) and had a fever with a maximum temperature of 38.1℃. The patient was tested twice for SRAS‐CoV‐2 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but both tests were negative. All tests were negative for organic diseases, including infections, allergy/collagen diseases, endocrine disorders, malignancies, and drugs‐induced conditions. The more he doubted the COVID‐19 in him, the more he complained of the already known various symptoms, such as smelling disorder. The patient believed firmly that he had COVID‐19 because PCR can be false negative. Finally, the patient was treated with the anxiolytic, loflazepate, at 4 mg/day. This treatment was highly effective. The patient's serum IL‐6 was 1.1 pg/ml (≤4.0). The patient was diagnosed with psychogenic fever due to irrational worry over coronavirus. Such typical cases should be treated with an anxiolytic.
An unusual case of obstructive uropathy
Authors: Xenou Antigoni , Boulas Konstantinos A. , Nathanailidou Maria , Kyriakidou Eytyxia , Paraskeva Aikaterini , Triantafyllidis Alexandros , Chatzipourganis Konstantinos , Hatzigeorgiadis Anestis
Published: August 2021

Although inguinal bladder hernia associated with obstructive uropathy is an extremely rare entity, it should be suspected in elderly patients with bladder outlet obstruction presented with inguinal hernia and lower urinary tract symptoms.
Kaposi‐Juliusberg Varicelliform Eruption complicating Darier disease: May cannabinoid abuse be an underestimated risk factor?
Authors: Russo Roberto , Labate Laura , Cozzani Emanuele , Delfino Emanuele , Bassetti Matteo , Parodi Aurora
Published: August 2021

Cannabinoid abuse may facilitate disseminated skin infection by herpes viruses in predisposed patients. These patients should be counselled about that.
Chemical‐induced aseptic meningitis as a result of intrathecal hydromorphone therapy: Case report
Authors: Willhite Sydney , Juloori Sangeeta
Published: August 2021

Chemical meningitis, though rare, is a diagnosis of exclusion that must be considered in patients presenting with neurologic symptoms of undetermined cause. It is likely that any substance in contact with CSF can be the culprit.
Iatrogenic diversion of the inferior vena cava into the left atrium diagnosed 43 years after surgical atrial septal defect closure
Authors: Doi Toshio , Nagao Kanetsugu , Higashida Akihiko , Aoki Masaya , Yokoyama Shigeki , Yamashita Shigeyuki , Yamashita Akio , Fukahara Kazuaki , Yoshimura Naoki
Published: August 2021

The diversion of the inferior vena cava into the left atrium after surgical atrial septal defect closure is a fatal complication. Cases of atrial septal defect with no inferior rim should be treated with this complication in mind.
Guiding catheter inner lumen damage during percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Osherov Azriel , Jafari Jamal , Yosefy Chaim , Gallego‐Colon Enrique
Published: August 2021

Guiding catheter damage and body wire intermingling are uncommon complications of standard operational procedures. Optimal application of this device includes replacing the small guiding catheter upon excessive resistance during stent insertion.
Covered stent grafts for relining of chronically occluded femoro‐popliteal bypasses in frail patients
Authors: van Nistelrooij Anna M. J. , van ’t Sant Hans Pieter , Schouten Olaf
Published: August 2021

In four high‐risk patients with chronically occluded femoro‐popliteal bypass suffering from Rutherford 4‐5 chronic limb threatening ischemia we performed, as an alternative for redo surgery, endovasculair relining with covered stent grafts. During follow‐up (3, 8, 14 and 20 months) one patient had redo percutaneous intervention and eventually below‐the‐knee amputation.
Scintigraphy false‐positive results for cardiac amyloidosis in a patient with Danon disease
Authors: Antukh Dmitry , Shchekochikhin Dmitry , Rosina Teona , Mershina Elena , Larina Olga , Pasha Sergey , Zaklyazminskaya Elena , Sinitsyn Valentin , Moiseev Sergey
Published: August 2021

Common diagnostic approach in patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis includes cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and scintigraphy. We report the first clinical case of false‐positive results of scintigraphy in a patient with Danon disease.
Emphysematous myocardial abscess without infective endocarditis
Authors: Park Jino , Seol Sang‐Hoon , Song Yeo‐Jeong , Kim Seunghwan , Kim Dong‐Kie , Kim Ki‐Hun , Kim Doo‐Il , Park Bong Soo
Published: August 2021

Diagnosis of myocardial abscess without endocarditis is challenging, and a high index of clinical suspicion is fundamental for diagnosis. It should never be ruled out before TEE. And CT could be a helpful modality in case of emphysematous morphology.
Opium poisoning following self‐medication of radiation‐induced dermatitis with topical use of opium latex traditional extract; a teaching case
Authors: Dehghani Mansoureh , Hosseini Seyyed Morteza , Molkara Sara , Fazilat‐Panah Danial , Mehrpour Omid , Soroosh Davood , Zarei Elham , Welsh James S. , Nematshahi Mohammad , Javadinia Seyed Alireza
Published: August 2021

Despite Radiation‐induced dermatitis is a self‐limiting complication, it can be complicated if inappropriate self‐medications have been used such as opium latex traditional extract.
Miliaria crystallina in an intensive care patient
Authors: Rouai Meriem , Chaabani Meryam , Laabidi Ayette , Litaiem Noureddine , Rebai Lotfi
Published: August 2021

Miliaria crystallina is frequently seen in intensive care patients. This skin condition should be known by both anesthesiologists and dermatologists to avoid unnecessary investigations.
Isolated aplasia cutis congenita: A report of two cases
Authors: Wu Yan , Liu Jun , Luo Qiong
Published: August 2021

Congenital skin dysplasia, especially isolated scalp defects, is difficult to detect prenatally. The prognosis for isolated congenital scalp defects is good. Treatment options include conservative treatment and surgery. The choice of treatment depends on the patient's individual circumstances.
Microlaryngeal surgery in severely obese elite vocal performers
Authors: Hasegawa Tomohiro , Komazawa Daigo , Watanabe Yusuke
Published: August 2021

This study showed that microlaryngeal surgery under general anesthesia is feasible for patients with severe obese elite vocal performers if proper simulations are conducted beforehand and the position of the patient and anesthesia is considered.
Ca[B8O11(OH)4] : Eu2+ – A Highly Efficient Deep Blue‐Emitting Phosphor Prepared by Low‐Temperature Self‐reduction
Authors: Liang Pan , Lian Wen‐Li , Liu Zhi‐Hong
Published: August 2021

Highly efficient inorganic phosphors are crucial for solid‐state lighting. In this paper, a new method of low‐temperature self‐reduction was used for preparing a highly efficient deep blue‐emitting phosphor of Ca[B8O11(OH)4] : Eu2+ (CBH : Eu2+). The crystal structure, morphology, chemical state, and photoluminescence (PL) properties of the CBH : Eu2+ phosphor have been investigated. By using the screened hybrid function (HSE06), the band gap (Eg) of CBH was calculated to be 7.48 eV, which is a necessary condition for achieving high quantum yield phosphors. The experiment results show that almost all the added raw materials of Eu3+ can be reduced to Eu2+ in CBH crystal under a non‐reducing atmosphere. The CBH : Eu2+ phosphor shows a broad excitation spectrum centered at 277 and 327 nm in the range of 220 to 400 nm, and a narrow‐band emission spectrum centered at 428 nm in the range of 400 to 500 nm, with a full width at half maximum (fwhm) of 42.35 nm. Under UV radiation, the CBH : 2 %Eu2+ exhibits high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY=95.0 %), high external quantum efficiency (EQE=31.1 %), and ultra‐high color purity (97.6 %). The PL intensity of CBH : 2 %Eu2+ remains 62.6 % of the initial intensity at 150 °C. Finally, the white light‐emitting diodes (WLED) fabricated by CBH : 2 %Eu2+, excited by a 365 nm chip, presents outstanding performances with a luminous efficacy (LE) of 13.9 lm/W, a color rendering index (CRI) of 89.4, and a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5825 K. The above results show that CBH : Eu2+ can be used as a promising blue phosphor for WLED. This new method of low‐temperature self‐reduction can be applied to design and prepare other new types of highly efficient phosphors.
An Adjustable Cleft Based on an 8‐Sulfonamide‐2‐Naphthoic Acid with Oxyanion Hole Geometry
Authors: Garrido‐González José J. , Boya del Teso Irene , Fuentes de Arriba Ángel L. , Sanz Francisca , Martín del Valle Eva M. , Morán Joaquín R. , Alcázar Victoria
Published: August 2021

Cleft type receptors showing the oxyanion hole motif have been prepared in a straightforward synthesis starting from the commercial 3,7‐dihidroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid. The double H‐bond donor pattern is achieved by the introduction of a sulfonamide group in the C‐8 position of naphthalene and a carboxamide at the C‐2 position. This cleft, for which the geometry resembles that of an oxyanion hole, is able to adjust to different guests, as shown by the analysis of the X‐ray crystal structures of associates with methanol or acetic acid. Combination of hydrogen bonds and charge‐transfer interactions led to further stabilization of the complexes, in which the electron‐rich aromatic ring of the receptor was close in space to the electron‐deficient dinitroaromatic guests. Modelling studies and bidimensional NMR experiments have been carried out to provide additional information.
Pathway‐Dependent Phase Transitions of Supramolecular Self‐assemblies Containing Cationic Amphiphiles with Azobenzene and Disulfide Groups
Authors: Sawada Daichi , Asakura Kouichi , Banno Taisuke
Published: August 2021

There have been several attempts to construct supramolecular chemical systems that mimic the phase transitions in living systems. However, most of these phase transitions are one‐to‐one and induced by one stimulus or chemical; there have been few reports on the pathway‐dependent phase transition of supramolecular self‐assemblies in multi‐step. To induce multistep phase transitions, molecular crystals were prepared that contained a cationic amphiphile bearing azobenzene and disulfide groups. A reducing agent caused the crystals to become vesicles, and adjacent, non‐touching vesicles fused under UV and subsequent visible light. Adding a reducing agent to the worm‐like aggregates that were generated after UV irradiation of the original crystals resulted in the growth of sheet‐like aggregates. 1H NMR and fluorescence anisotropy measurements showed that a series of phase transitions was induced by changes in the phase structures from molecular conversions of the reactive amphiphiles. The multiple pathway‐dependent phase transitions of supramolecular self‐assemblies can provide a methodology for developing new stimuli‐responsive materials that exhibit the desirable properties under specific circumstances from a systems chemistry viewpoint.
Smoking‐induced radiation laryngeal necrosis after definitive radiotherapy alone for T1a glottic squamous cell carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Takagawa Yoshiaki , Izumi Sachiko , Aoki Minoru , Umeda Yuka , Ochiai Kazuto , Kumada Junko , Nakaya Muneo , Kadomatsu Yuichiro , Itagaki Shingo , Kita Midori
Published: August 2021

Background

We report the case of a patient with smoking‐induced radiation laryngeal necrosis (RLN) after undergoing definitive radiotherapy (RT) alone for T1a glottic squamous cell carcinoma.

Case

The patient was a 63‐year‐old man who had a history of heavy smoking. He quit smoking when he was diagnosed with glottic squamous cell carcinoma. The RT dose was 63 Gy, delivered in 28 fractions with the three‐dimensional conventional RT technique for the larynx. After RT completion, the initial treatment response was complete response. He then underwent follow‐up examinations. At 13 months after RT, the patient resumed smoking. At 2 months after resuming smoking, he had severe sore throat and hoarseness. Laryngoscopy revealed a large tumor in the glottis. Surgical excision was performed, and the patient was histologically diagnosed with RLN, as late toxicity without cancer recurrence. At 3 weeks postoperatively, the patient had dyspnea, and laryngoscopy revealed total laryngeal paralysis. Thus, he underwent an emergent tracheostomy. The administration of steroids affected RLN, and laryngeal paralysis gradually improved.

Conclusions

This case suggests that smoking may have the potential to induce RLN after RT. Moreover, continuing smoking cessation is significantly important for patients with glottic cancer who receive RT. Rather than leaving smoking cessation up to the patient, it would be necessary for clinicians to actively intervene to help patients continue their effort to quit smoking.
A novel blind medical image watermarking scheme based on Schur triangulation and chaotic sequence
Authors: Soualmi Abdallah , Alti Adel , Laouamer Lamri
Published: August 2021

Image watermarking is a potentially effective and powerful solution for multimedia security. It is a technique that plays a fundamental role in protecting copyright, proofing ownership, and helps to authenticate sensitive data. Watermarking can cause a decrease in image quality, especially when it comes to medical images. This could provoke false diagnoses, which can lead to serious consequences on the patient's health. In fact, it becomes necessary to think for new more imperceptible, secure watermarking techniques. To provide such techniques, we proposed a novel blind watermarking scheme for medical images, based on Schur decomposition and chaotic sequence (CS). An efficient chaotic method is applied on the watermark and the cover image to obtain encrypted images divided into subblocks. A decomposition based on Schur is utilized to embed the encrypted watermark bits in the cyphered cover image blocks. The same CS is applied to extract the original watermark. We compared the proposed technique with other watermarking schemes. The experimentation results demonstrate that the suggested method achieving good image fidelity and acceptable robustness.
Designing a methodological framework for modeling and performance forecasting of self‐adaptive cloud systems
Authors: Sliem Mehdi , Salmi Nabila , Ioualalen Malika
Published: August 2021

Autonomic computing got an increasing attention during past years in the context of Cloud computing in order to optimize the Cloud systems performance and increase their cost‐effectiveness. In that direction, a broad range of various self‐adaptability strategies have been proposed to overcome uncertainties related to Cloud systems like workload variations, hardware failures and malicious attacks. A special attention in the literature has been paid to resource allocation for cost and performance optimization, and self‐healing for better faut‐tolerance. However, while a lot of progress has been done on these topics, there is still a lack of a standardized methodology, easily reproducible and allowing validation and comparison of a self‐adaptability strategies. This article proposes a methodology allowing to forecast the autonomic Cloud systems performances. The idea is to compare different self‐adaptability approaches at the design stage, and identify the most adequate and optimized configuration. This methodology is based on a new architecture description language and a stochastic Petri nets‐based modeling and simulation approach. We illustrate our methodology in this article through a running example and a set of experiments.