bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of Competition and Concentration of Indian Mortgage (Housing) Finance using Herfindahl Model
Authors: Ingle D. V.
Published: February 2016

The growth in housing activities in recent years reflects the optimistic state of the housing finance market in the country. With a growing number of players, the mortgage (housing) finance sector is becoming market driven. The market has witnessed change in lending practices in certain segments to accommodate customer needs. There seems to be high intensity of competition among different players of the housing finance sector. The findings of the study reveal that the business of housing finance is highly concentrated in nature and revolves around a few players only. The top players are HDFC Limited, National Housing Bank, SBI, ICICI and LICHFL. Amongst these three HFIs, HDFC Limited is taking the lead. Talking about the value of HH index with respect to the level of concentration, the trend has continued to remain the same over several years. The performance of these institutions has been influenced by more than just customer demand. Stricter NPA norms, softening interest rates, and stiff competition in mobilizing low-cost deposits have all affected the supply-side factors, which in turn has influenced the performance of these institutions in terms of volume and competitiveness.
Customer Satisfaction towards Services offered on Passenger Cars: A Case Study of Tata Motors, Mangalore
Authors: Maroor Jnaneshwar Pai
Published: February 2016

In today’s competitive market, companies are trying their best to understand the needs of their customers and satisfy them in order to retain present customers and attract new ones. Automobile industry is facing fierce competition and hence companies are focusing on improving products and services. The present study has been conducted to understand the satisfaction level of customers towards the products and services of Tata Motors with the help of Tata Motors dealers in Mangalore. The study gives a clear understanding of factors influencing customers to buy Tata car, awareness of customers regarding the extras services of Tata Motors and factors that satisfies customers. Using a structured questionnaire given to existing customers of Tata Motors in Mangalore, data has been collected and analysed using frequency tables, cross-tabulation and factor analysis. The major findings reveal that the main factor influencing the customers to buy Tata car are brand image and good mileage. Most of the customers are not aware about free insurance, extended warranty and free service camp provided by Tata Motors. Customers are not happy with the resale value and price charged for spare parts by Tata Motors. Efficient employee’s services have highly contributed towards the satisfaction level of customers. Suggestions are then provided based on the findings and customer feedback.
Livelihood, Employment and Skills for Young Women in Urban India
Authors: Patel Vibhuti
Published: February 2016

This paper seeks to examine and address the issue of the right to work of adolescent girls. Lack of implementation of laws, lack of awareness of rights enshrined in the laws coupled with a lack of access to justice for adolescent girls, brings to the fore the importance of pro-active policies for adolescent girls at work as a complementing strategy. The policies should be geared towards supporting adolescent girls for building skills such as life skills and vocational skills, and for having savings independent of their families, in order that they can become economically independent. Micro-credit facilities and facilities for on-site banking for girls and young women at their place of work are some strategies that can work towards this end. Laws related to eradication of child labour, bonded labour and protecting girls at the workplace ought to be implemented in a rigorous manner.
Monetary Transmission in India: An Evaluation
Authors: Chakravarty Suvojit Lahiri
Published: February 2016

This paper studies the monetary transmission mechanism in India for the period 2004 April to 2015 March. It examines the relative importance of different channels of monetary transmission viz, interest, credit, asset price and exchange rate channel respectively. The study employs a series of VAR models to gain insight into how a change in the policy rate affects output and the price level. The importance of each of the channels is gauged by first taking the relevant channel variable as endogenous and then taking it as an exogenous variable in the VAR models to block off all interactions between the channel variable and all other endogenous variables. The results indicate the importance of the interest channel, credit channel and the asset price channel. The exchange rate channel is found to be weak for the Indian economy during the estimation period.
Does Microfinance through SHG Empower Women? A Study of Select SHGs in Bankura District, West Bengal
Authors: Saha Ratul
Published: February 2016

Self Help Groups (SHGs) have emerged as major agents of development and empowerment of weaker sections in countries of the Third World. In India, since the beginning of the Ninth Plan, most of the development programmes have been channelled through SHGs. There is a common perception that women who join SHGs not only become economically empowered but become powerful in many other ways as well. They gain a say in family matters and their social status is enhanced. In the present study, an attempt has been made to judge the extent to which SHGs contribute to the improvement of women awareness and overall development or empowerment of women. In this study, 15 SHGs under SGSY have been selected by applying stratified random sampling method in the Bankura District of West Bengal. The study concluded that the women empowerment is still in process at the moderate level in our study area.
Ways to prevent complications in endoscopic transpapillary interventions
Authors: Sayfutdinov I M , Slavin L E
Published: February 2016

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of preventive measures in endoscopic interventions on the major duodenal papilla.Methods. 1028 transpapillary interventions related to benign and malignant diseases were performed on 575 patients from 2007 to 2015. The analysis of complications rate and structure in different time intervals, taking into account the changing of patients management tactics and the use of different preventive technologies, was performed.Results. During 2007-2015, 30 cases of post-manipulational complications were registered (2.9% of patients) with a mortality rate of 0.09%. In the period from 2007 to 2008 post-manipulational complications rate was 8.5%. The main causes of complications were surgery long duration (up to 2 hours) and the lack of endoscopist experience. During this period, there was only one death, which was caused by acute cardiovascular insufficiency. From 2009 to 2011, the complications number decreased to 3.4% due to the careful patients selection for elective surgery, including the endosonography in diagnostic algorithm, octreotide, and hyoscine butylbromide use, the expansion of indications for the bile ducts stenting, exclusion the main pancreatic duct contrast, nasobiliary drainage in obstructive jaundice and suppurative cholangitis. In the period from 2012 to 2015, in the presence of a high risk of post-manipulational pancreatitis, every fifth intervention was completed by the main pancreatic duct stent placement with reducing of manipulations duration to 25-35 minutes, and increasing the surgery phases number. During this period, post-manipulational complications rate was 1.2%.Conclusion. Analysis of post-manipulational complications allowed to identify the most important measures to enhance the transpapillary interventions safety, thereby reducing the number of complications from 8.5% in the period of 2007-2008, to 1.2% in the period of 2014-2015.
Treatment compliance in patients with gastrointestinal diseases: role of certain factors
Authors: Goryacheva E E , Alekseeva O P , Kasimova L N
Published: February 2016

Aim. To study the influence of socio-psychological factors, factors associated with the disease, the patient, and psychopathological disorders on the treatment compliance.Methods. Structured interviews were conducted with 151 patients (57 patients with irritable bowel syndrome, 57 - gastroesophageal reflux disease, 37 - peptic gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer). Compliance was assessed using Morisky-Green validated test. Patients were divided into three groups: the first group - compliant patients, the second - risk group, the third group - non-compliant patients.Results.Negative effect on compliance had the following socio-psychological factors: employment, lack of higher education, age from 40 to 49 years, non-constructive model of parent-child relationships, conflict relationships in their own family. Overprotective parenting was mentioned more often in the third group than in the first (20.7 and 42.3%, pConclusion. The influence of certain socio-psychological factors, factors associated with the disease, the patient and the psychopathological disorders presence on the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal diseases was identified, and therefore comprehensive gastroenterologist and psychiatrist monitoring with the subsequent treatment of psychopathological syndromes is necessary.
The modern non-injecting mesotherapy use in treatment of patients with inflammatory periodontium lesions
Authors: Pashaev A Ch , Dzhafarli I E
Published: February 2016

Aim. To perform clinical reasoning and evaluation of non-injection mesotherapy use in complex treatment stages in patients with periodontitis.Methods. The current study included treatment results of 46 patients with generalized periodontitis who received out-patient treatment at a clinical site of the therapeutic dentistry department of Azerbaijan Medical University. The mean age of patients was 25±3.1 years (from 17 to 49 years).Results. The use of «TEAQRIP» applications on treatment stages in addition to conventional measures, as well as mesotherapy sessions (2 times a week) contributed to the sooner and stable clinical effect by the end of 2-week treatment course. Procedures («TEAQRIP» application + mesotherapy) were continued for the next 2 weeks (2 times a week). All patients noted subjective improvement in their general condition amid the accelerated remitting of the inflammation developed in periodontal tissues. At the end of treatment, there were no complaints of bleeding, discomfort, itching in 14 (87.5%) patients. Hyperemia, cyanosis and edema disappeared or decreased in all patients, tooth mobility decreased in 6 patients (37.5%). Acquired data showed that all patients well tolerated mesotherapy sessions.Conclusion. The clinical effect is associated with regenerative processes acceleration, enhanced (by mesotherapy sessions) action of used traditional drugs and «TEAQRIP» applications; combined ultrasound and photon irradiation of periodontal tissue contributed to a deeper effect of the used remedies.
Electron microscopy study of antibacterial effect of selimakcid against salmonella and escherichia
Authors: Murtazina G Kh , Salnikova M M
Published: February 2016

Aim. To assess Selimakcid effect on the submicroscopic organization of Salmonella and enteropathogenic Escherichia. Methods. Salmonella enteritidis and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates were used in a study. Their morphological and functional characteristics after Selimakcid exposure were studied using methods of negative staining and ultrathin sections. Selimakcid was taken at 10, 15 and 25 mg/ml concentration in a physiological isotonic sodium chloride solution. Results. Incubation of Salmonella and Escherichia cultures with Selimakcid has no effect on the cells size compared to the control. Ultrastructural picture of Selimakcid post antibiotic effect on the Salmonella enteritidis cells demonstrated the outer membrane vesicles increase and cell wall changes, which can be attributed to the adaptation. In the Escherichia coli culture after incubation in medium containing Selimakcid at 25 mg/ml concentration, the presence of both damaged (with flake-like cytoplasm and plasma membrane ruptures) and lysed (release their content into the environment) cells was observed. Conclusion. The effect of Selimakcid on Salmonella enteritidis cells is characterized by the outer membrane vesicles increase and cell wall changes; in the Escherichia coli culture after Selimakcid exposure the presence of damaged and lysed cells was observed.
Serotonergic mechanisms of regulation of the systemic circulation vessels lumen
Authors: Sveshnikov D S , Kuchuk A V , Smirnov V M , Cherepanova G V
Published: February 2016

Review is devoted to the assessment of the serotonergic mechanisms role in the hemodynamics regulation. The special attention is given to the role of various serotonin receptors involved in the gastrointestinal tract motility regulation, in particular located in the digestive system vessel walls. It is known that serotonin has a dual effect on the vessel lumen, due to the heterogeneity of serotonin receptors, which are part of the vascular wall, and different sensitivity of serotonin receptors. Mechanisms at various levels, from central to local, are able to participate in the serotonergic regulation of the vascular lumen, as well as in motility control. According to our data, in the regulation of the upper gastrointestinal tract motor activity participate 5-HT1B- and 5-HT3-receptors located in the stomach and intestines autonomic ganglia, 5-HT2B-receptors localized on stomach plexus neurons and on small and large intestine smooth muscles; 5-HT4-receptors located on stomach wall smooth muscles and intraorgan intestinal plexus neurons. According to the literature, vascular wall 5-HT2B- and 5-HT7-receptors provide vasodilation, whereas the 5-HT1B/1D-, 5-HT2A- and 5-HT2B-receptors - vasoconstriction. Significance of plasma free serotonin level for hemodynamic, serotonergic mechanisms for the different types vessels diameter changing, the interaction of serotonin receptors with sympathetic nervous system and their possible role in the vascular tone regulation are described, particularly the role of presynaptic 5-HT1B/1D-receptors, which prevent the catecholamines release by vegetative nerves endings, is established. Different points of view on the serotoninergic regulation issue, existing contradictions, as well as areas for further fundamental and practical research are presented.
Prácticas de manipulación contable de la Compañía de los Caminos de Hierro del Norte de España en el periodo 1900-1923 = Accounting handling practices of la Compañía de los Caminos de Hierro del Norte de España in the period 1900-1923
Authors: Villacorta Hernández Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2016

El objetivo del trabajo es analizar si la Compañía de los Caminos de Hierro del Norte de España (NORTE) realizó manipulación de la información contable en el periodo 1900-1923. La conclusión fundamental es que para el desarrollo ordinario de su proceso productivo necesitaba los anticipos del personal por parte del Estado, por lo que de forma continuada ofrecía unos resultados económicos inferiores a los que tendría sin manipulación de la información contable. No obstante, puntualmente la empresa necesitó la obtención de recursos del mercado de capitales; para esas situaciones concretas NORTE quería dar una situación de solvencia, por lo que realizó un maquillaje contable para mejorar su apariencia.

The objective of this paper is to analyze whether la Compañía de los Caminos de Hierro del Norte de España (NORTE) made manipulation of accounting information in the period 1900-1923.The main conclusion is that for the ordinary course of its production process, the company needed personal advances by the government, so continuously offered a lower economic results than it would, without manipulation of accounting information. However, the company promptly needed to obtain resources of capital market; for these situations NORTE wanted to show a solvency position, so it made an accounting make up to enhance their appearance.
Una aproximación al estudio de los proyectos de creación de un banco nacional en España durante la Edad Moderna = An approach to the study of the projects for the instauration of a national bank in Spain during the Modern Age
Authors: Cano Borrego Pedro Damián
Published: February 2016

Desde los estudios monográficos realizados por Hamilton en 1949, se ha producido el acercamiento a este tema por numerosos autores, en relación con otros trabajos relativos a la economía en general y al estudio de los sistemas bancarios de la Edad Moderna en particular. Para la preparación del presente artículo, y siempre a la vista del importante papel de esta amplia y bien estructurada bibliografía, se han estudiado las obras originales de los autores, españoles y extranjeros, que durante tres siglos y dentro de sus planes tendentes a reformar su país, estimaron que una buena solución para paliar los problemas económicos de España era la creación de un banco público que canalizase los ingentes flujos de capitales de una Corona extendida por todo el orbe. A pesar de ello, y debido principalmente a la abundancia de moneda metálica derivada de las continuas llegadas de metales preciosos y numerario procedentes de los territorios ultramarinos de la monarquía, dichos planes sólo se intentaron poner en práctica en situaciones de absoluta necesidad, como sucedió durante las sucesivas crisis económicas y monetarias de comienzos del siglo XVII y durante la Guerra de Independencia de Estados Unidos, cuando la falta de moneda metálica llevó a los gobernantes a recurrir a la emisión de papel moneda, y finalmente a la creación del Banco Nacional de San Carlos.

From the case studies conducted by Hamilton in 1949, the approach to this subject has been carried out by many authors, in relation to other work on economy topics in general and to the study of the banking systems of the Modern Age in particular. For the preparation of this article, and always bearing in mind the important role of this comprehensive and well-structured literature, it has been studied the original works of the authors, Spanish and foreign, who for three centuries and within their plans for reforming their country, estimated that a good solution to alleviate the economic problems of Spain was the creation of a public bank that would channel the enormous capital flows of a kingdom widespread throughout the world. However, principally due to the abundance of numerary derived from continuing arrivals of precious metals and cash from the overseas territories of the monarchy, these plans only had been tried to implement in cases of absolute necessity, as during the successive economic and monetary crisis in the early seventeenth century, and during the War of Independence of the United States, where the lack of coins led the rulers to turn to the issue of paper money, and finally to the creation of the National Bank of San Carlos.
Hemangiomas faciales y diagnósticos diferenciales: reporte de tres casos colombianos con diagnóstico de asociación PHACE
Authors: Páez Rojas Paola Liliana , Ramírez Perez Daniel , Contreras García Gustavo Adolfo
Published: February 2016

Los hemangiomas son los tumores benignos más comunes en la infancia, su localización principal son cabeza y cuello. En esta región los hemangiomas suelen ser aislados, sin embargo cuando son segmentarios se asocian frecuentemente a anomalías sistémicas. La asociación PHACE es un acrónimo que denota una patología caracterizada por la presencia de hemangioma en conjunto con otras anomalías: P:malformación en fosa posterior, H: hemangioma(s) facial(es), A: anomalías arteriales, C: anomalías cardiacas y/o coartación de la aorta, E:anomalías oculares. Se reportan los primeros casos colombianos con este diagnóstico y se revisa la literatura al respecto para tener en cuenta esta entidad como diagnóstico diferencial en pacientes con hemangiomas faciales. Se trata de tres pacientes de sexo femenino con hemangiomas faciales y anomalías de fosa posterior. Dos de ellas tienen compromiso ocular y una presenta anomalía cardiaca. En los tres casos el cariotipo es normal. Conclusiones: La asociación PHACE es una entidad no reportada previamente en Colombia, se presentan 3 casos que cumplen a cabalidad los criterios clínicos. Es importante tener en cuenta esta entidad como diagnóstico diferencial en pacientes con hemangiomas faciales pues: 1) Es una enfermedad multisistémica que debe ser manejada de forma integral y 2) Se requiere un diagnóstico para definir pronóstico y asesoría genética adecuada.
¿Qué es la “salud de la población”? Elodie Girouxx
Authors: Bonilla José
Published: February 2016

La noción de salud pública parece presuponer la salud de la población. Ahora bien, el concepto de salud está más fácilmente utilizado a nivel de la individualidad orgánica: su aplicación a una población o a un colectivo parece problemática a primera vista. Desde luego, se hace necesario reflexionar sobre este concepto de salud de la población que, sin embargo, nosotros utilizamos. Si el análisis filosófico de los conceptos de salud y enfermedad se ha concentrado sobre los usos de estos a niveles individuales e infra-individuales, aquí queremos mostrar la importancia de una reflexión sobre el nivel supra-individual. A partir de desarrollos recientes de la epidemiología contextual o de la epidemiología social, argumentamos sobre la importancia de dar un contenido al concepto de salud de la población que haga de él algo más que una extensión por analogía del concepto de salud individual o de la suma de todos los casos de salud individua
El significado de la creatinina sérica en la estimación de la tasa de filtración glomerular en pacientes con hipertensión arterial como primer diagnóstico
Authors: Corrales Silvia
Published: February 2016

Objetivo:Estimar con diferentes variables la tasa de filtración glomerular así como la prevalencia de la disfunción renal en pacientes con hipertensión arterial, mediante la determinación de la creatinina sérica, comparándola con la predicción de la depuración de creatinina, calculada por siete fórmulas distintas.
Materiales y métodos: Este estudio incluyó 218 pacientes con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial, que acuden regularmente de manera ambulatoria al centro de salud de primer nivel de complejidad ubicado en Tudela (Cundinamarca), con punto de remisión al Hospital San Rafael de Pacho, de segundo nivel de complejidad. Se estudiaron 116 hombres (53,2 %) y 102 mujeres (46,7 %), con edad media de 67±11 años. Se determinó la creatinina sérica y la depuración de creatinina. La función renal fue calificada como normal cuando la creatinina sérica era menor de 1,4 mg/dl en mujeres y menor de 1,5 mg/dl en hombres. Una depuración mayor de 60 ml/minuto se consideró normal
Resultados: Para cada fórmula se halló la media, en la habitual es de 50,2±20,7 ml/min (p<0,001), en la de Cockcroft-Gault, de 54,4±17,1 ml/min (p<0,001), en la fórmula Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), de 69,2±22,9 ml/min (p<0,001), en la MDRD variable, de 65,17±19,2 ml/min (p<0,001), para la fórmula con la superficie corporal de 52,9±19,3 ml/min (p<0,001), para la formula Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI), de 40,7±20,2 ml/min (p<0,001), y en la fórmula cuadrática de Mayo, de 166,7±67,9 ml/min (p<0,001). Se obtuvo el porcentaje de función renal alterada en cada fórmula, en la Cockcroft-Gault, de 56 %, con la MDRD, en el 22,9 %, con la MDRD variable, de 33,4 %, con la fórmula de la superficie corporal, de 54,4 %, con la CKD-EPI, de 50,9 %, al calcular la fórmula habitual de 24 horas, de 51,6 % y con la cuadrática de Mayo, de 5 %. En las siete fórmulas el porcentaje de deterioro de la función renal fue mucho mayor que el obtenido con solo la creatinina sérica (3,2 %).
Conclusión: Este estudio demuestra la importancia de la determinación de la depuración de creatinina en hipertensos, que logra una evaluación precoz del deterioro de la función renal. Cuando solo se utiliza la creatinina sérica, se puede subestimar la filtración glomerular en los pacientes hipertensos. Los pacientes pueden tener una disminución significativa de la filtración glomerular con un valor de creatinina sérica normal
Hallazgos en la tomografía de coherencia óptica macular y de electrofisiología en un paciente con síndrome de Kearns-Sayre y anemia de Fanconi
Authors: Hernández Héctor Homero , Pérez Brian David , Rodríguez Francisco José
Published: February 2016

Introducción. El síndrome de Kearns-Sayre, descrito por primera vez en 1958, es un raro trastorno del ADN mitocondrial, con incidencia desconocida y progresión lenta que afecta al sistema nervioso central, los músculos y los órganos endocrinos. Entre las características clínicas típicas se encuentran: distrofia atípica pigmentaria de la retina, oftalmoplejia externa progresiva y bloqueo cardíaco.
Presentación de caso.Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 10 años de edad, atendida en nuestro Departamento de Retina, con diagnóstico de síndrome de Kearns-Sayre mediante resonancia magnética (RM). Se describen los hallazgos de la tomografía de coherencia óptica macular y de las pruebas de electrofisiología, hallazgos tomográficos no descritos anteriormente en la literatura científica
Conclusión.La tomografía de coherencia óptica macular reveló atenuación de la línea de hiperreflexión que corresponde a la membrana limitante externa, con pérdida de la línea de hiperreflexión que corresponde a la zona elipsoide. La tomografía de coherencia óptica macular es una herramienta útil para evaluar la extensión del daño en la retina externa, el cual fue confirmado por pruebas de electrofisiología
Síndrome de Mowat - Wilson, primer caso reportado en Colombia. Importancia de un estudio ampliado por genética
Authors: Zarante Bahamón Ana María , Acosta Guio Johanna Carolina
Published: February 2016

El Síndrome de Mowat - Wilson (SMW), es una rara enfermedad genética con prevalencia desconocida, hasta el año 2010 habían sido descritos 180 casos en la literatura mundial indexada. Los pacientes con SMW presentan un fenotipo característico dado por: frente amplia y abombada, hipoplasia mediofacial, hipertelorismo ocular, nariz y columnela prominentes, asociado a compromiso neurológico (epilepsia, retardo en neurodesarrollo y mental) y enfermedad de Hirschsprung, que ha sido descrita solo en algunos casos. (1,2) El SMW se origina por mutaciones puntuales en el gen ZEB2 y hasta en el 17% de los casos se presenta por deleciones submicroscópicas que comprometen la región cromosómica 2q22.3 donde se localiza este gen 3). El gen ZEB2 es determinante en la diferenciación de las células derivadas de la cresta neural y sistema nervioso central lo cual explicaría el fenotipo neurológico. Los autores describimos el primer caso de SMW en población Colombiana, causado por microdeleción de novo de la región cromosómica 2q22.2, resaltando así la importancia de un completo estudio citogenético – molecular para pacientes con alta sospecha de síndromes de microdeleción (1,3)
Hipertensión arterial pulmonar (síndrome de Eisenmenger) en el embarazo. Presentación de caso
Authors: Bonilla Cortés Leonardo , Vásquez Luisa Fernanda , Méndez Andrea Carolina , Gómez Bossa Mauricio , Paéz Rojas Paola Liliana
Published: February 2016

El síndrome o complejo Eisenmenger (hipertensión arterial pulmonar asociada a cardiopatía congénita) es una entidad poco frecuente en la población y en la mujer gestante, describiéndose una alta mortalidad materno fetal (20 al 40%) y complicaciones obstétricas relacionadas con la entidad: amenaza de parto pretérmino, restricción del crecimiento fetal, insuficiencia placentaria, entre otras.Este artículo describe el caso de una mujer en segundo trimestre de embarazo con síndrome de Eisenmenger, diagnosticada y manejada en un hospital de cuarto nivel colombiano, con el fin de revisar la literatura al respecto, pero, de especial interés, con el fin de compartir la experiencia en el manejo médico de esta situación tan compleja y de baja prevalencia. Este ejemplo puede resultar útil a nivel local y nacional para otros profesionales de la salud que se vean enfrentados a manejar una mujer en estado de gravidez con síndrome de Eisenmenger
Modelo de Pequenos Sinais do Conversor Zeta Operando no Modo de Condução Descontínua
Authors: Viero Renan Caron , Dos Reis Fernando Soares
Published: February 2016

Este trabalho apresenta o estudo e o desenvolvimento da modelagem dinâmica de pequenos sinais do conversor ZETA operando no modo de condução descontínua. Um exame detalhado do comportamento dinâmico do conversor é realizado através da abordagem do modelo médio no espaço de estados, obtido por meio da generalização do modelo médio do interruptor. Por fim, o modelo dinâmico analítico de pequenos sinais é validado através de simulações computacionais e através de ensaios laboratoriais em um protótipo especialmente elaborado para este fim.
Mppt de Sistemas de Conversão de Energia Eólica Baseados em Pmsg Usando Controle Preditivo
Authors: Barros Camila Mara V. , Mota Wellington S. , Barros Péricles R. , Barros Luciano S.
Published: February 2016

Atualmente, dentre as topologias de sistemas de conversão de energia eólica (SCEE), as baseadas em conversores de potência plenos estão em crescimento, uma vez que este tipo de conversor permite a operação da máquina em largas faixas de velocidade, o que resulta em um melhor aproveitamento da potência disponível no vento. Para este tipo de aplicação utiliza-se principalmente o gerador síncrono de ímã permanente, devido à sua possibilidade de operação em uma larga faixa de velocidade. Se o esquema de conversores é do tipo back-to-back, um conversor do lado da máquina é responsável pelo rastreamento da potência máxima, enquanto o conversor do lado da rede é responsável por controlar as potências ativa e reativa entregues à rede elétrica. Convencionalmente, os dois conversores são controlados por métodos vetoriais baseados em malhas PI. Neste trabalho propõe-se uma estratégia de controle baseada em realimentação de estados em que, a fim de obter precisão, é utilizado o controle preditivo GPC (Generically Predictive Control). Simulações em MATLAB/Simulink para um sistema teste mostram que a estratégia proposta possibilita um controle preciso da velocidade.
Seroprevalence and comparative study of serological tests for detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in commercial layer farms at few districts of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Vadivalagan* K. , Sukumar K. , Rani1 V. Sudha , Sivachandran2 M , Logesh2 P. , Dorairajan R.
Published: February 2016

Avian mycoplasmosis causes great economic losses to the poultry industry, and one of the major agents involved is Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). The study was conducted from October 2008 to September 2010 to detect the presence of antibodies against MG in poultry layers. Serum from commercial poultry layers (n = 1350) was tested for MG by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum plate agglutination (SPA). A total of 1350 sera from commercial poultry farm were collected and tested in winter, 453 (33.6%) and 350 (26.0%) were positive in SPA test and ELISA, and in summer, 297 (22.0%) and 219 (16.2%) were positive in SPA test and ELISA respectively. In Pearson chi-square test, statistical significant differectnce (p = 0.000) were observed between serological tests (SPA test and ELISA), and it was also demonstrated that seasonal occurrence of infection were higher in zone C. It has been found that MG infection is still an important disease problem in commercial layer farms and there is need for a stringent surveillance and control to combat avian mycoplasmosis in Tamil Nadu and these diagnostic methods (SPA and ELISA) should be only used as screening tools in monitoring programs.
Seasonal effects on behavioral estrus signs and estrus detection efficiency in Holstein heifers
Authors: Unalan* Adnan
Published: February 2016

In the study, 234 Holstein heifers were observed visually during a one-year period and 1622 estrus records were used to determine seasonal effects on behavioral estrus signs and estrus detection efficiency. Estrus records were classified as standing, mounting, vaginal mucus discharging, and the other estrus signs. The rates of these estrus signs were found to be 50.6%, 22.7%, 20.7% and 6.0%, respectively and the differences were significant (P less than 0.01). These results showed that standing behavior was the most observable estrus sign in Holstein heifers. In addition, the rates of standing behavior in each season (66.2%, 59.7%, 50.4% and 38.0% in summer, fall, spring and winter, respectively) showed that it was also more observable sign than the other signs. The rates of estrus records according to seasons were found to be 34.4%, 32.9%, 23.6% and 9.1% in winter, fall, spring and summer, respectively and the differences were also significant (P less than 0.01). In the study, the mean overall estrus cycle length was found to be 21.15±1.85 days. The mean overall estrus detection efficiency was calculated as 57.8%. The mean detection efficiencies according to seasons were found to be 79.5%, 75.9%, 54.6% and 21.1% in winter, fall, spring and summer respectively. These results could be interpreted that estrus detection efficiency was decreased significantly with increase of temperature.
Effect of slaughter weight on production and meat quality of Juema pig
Authors: Chen* Guoshun , Chen Sheng , Sui Yanan
Published: February 2016

Juema pig, a native pig in China, is produced in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and recognized as a national animal conservation germplasm. In this study, production performance, slaughter weight and meat quality of the Juema pig slaughtered at different slaughter weights (25, 30, 35, 40 and 45kg) were determined in order to explore the relationship between meat quality and body weight. The results showed that the dressing percentage was the highest (66.13%) at 40kg slaughter weight. Pork quality analysis showed that the range of meat pH1 was 6.30 to 6.50; marbling scores ranged from 3.50 to 4.05. The amino acid content of main flavor was the highest (23.91%), and the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids was the highest (1.30) at 40kg slaughter weight. The gray correlation comprehensive assessment demonstrated that the meat quality of the Juema pig was the best when slaughtered at 40kg slaughter weight.
Biometry, production potential and genetic characterization of Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus) reared under captivity from western Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kaila O.P. , Sankhyan* Varun , Reen J.K. , Vijh R.K. , Thakur Y.P.
Published: February 2016

The present investigation was conducted to study the morphology, production potential and genetic architecture of Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus) kept in captivity. Records of 104 birds of RJF (65 males and 39 females) were utilized in study. Males had prominent plumage pattern with neck hackles, greenish black tails, and prominent bright red single comb, while females were comparatively smaller with very small combs. RJF are seasonal breeder having small clutch and egg size. Observed and effective number of alleles across the microsatellite loci varied from 5-18 with an overall mean of 10.28 and 5.04, respectively. The average expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity were 0.492 and 0.758 respectively. Study revealed existence of population structure accompanied by higher inbreeding along with sufficient heterozygosity. The effort must be directed to introduce unrelated typical RJF in to the present population to maintain heterozygosity and ensure conservation of unique germplasm.
Prevalence and economic losses of reproductive disorders and mastitis in buffaloes at Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Fareed Syed Khurram , Memon Khalid Hussain , Kachiwal Allah Bux , Azhar Shajeela , Brula Muhammad Iqbal , . Mehmood-ul-Hasan , Ali Muhammad , Khan Taseer Ahmed
Published: February 2016

The water buffalo play a significant role in the economy of livestock industry of Pakistan. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of reproductive disorders in 928 buffaloes and its economic impact on dairy farms in 2014-15. The data were collected from Landhi Cattle Colony Karachi to analyze the reproductive disorders and mastitis problems in dairy buffaloes. The prevalence of the abortion recorded was 41% which was significantly highest (P less than 0.01) as compare to others disorders. Whereas, repeat breeding, dystocia, retention of placenta, vaginal prolapse and vaginitis were 32%, 14%, 8%, 5 % and 2% respectively in water buffaloes. Moreover, mastitis cases were 11% in Landhi cattle colony Karachi during study period. The economic losses due to abortion, repeat breeding, dystocia, vaginal prolapse, vaginitis and mastitis were 320, 320, 640, 480, 560, 240 and 640 Pakistan rupees per animal respectively in water buffaloes. In conclusion, findings of the present study indicated that mastitis, abortions and dystocia caused major economic losses to dairy farms at Landhi Cattle Colony Karachi during study period.
Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri): Up-to-date of memory boosting medicinal plant: A review
Authors: Charoenphon Natthawut , Anandsongvit Nanthida , Kosai Piya , Sirisidthi Kanjana , Kangwanrangsan Niwat , Jiraungkoorskul Wannee
Published: February 2016

Bacopa monnieri, Family: Plantaginaceae, known as water hyssop, herb of grace or Indian penny wort, is one of the traditional medicinal plants in Ayurveda medicine, where it is also called Brahmi, a name derived from Brahma, the creator God of the Hindu Pantheon. It is now being widely promoted to enhance memory, learning and concentration and also to treat anxiety, depression, and systemic disorders like cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hepatic, neurological and also respiratory problems. Further, Brahmi has been shown to possess anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Its phytochemical substances are alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and the important constituents such as bacosides, bacopasides, and bacopasaponins, which all of these contribute to its remedial properties. This article provides a brief overview of the memory boosting activity of brahmi, (B. monnieri), to further provide an upto-date review showing its importance especially, memory boosting.
Comparative study on improved production technology (IPT) and conventional method (CM) for productivity and profitability of farmers of Nichabanadhi sub basin of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Paramasivan M. , Selvarani A. , Pandian B. J.
Published: February 2016

Farming systems play a key role in maintaining the sustainability, productivity as well as provide better income in the farming community. The present study was carried out in Sankarankovil, Vasudevanallur and Kuruvikulam blocks of Tirunelveli district during 2007-08 to 2010-11 under Tamil Nadu – Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water Bodies Restoration and Management (TN-IAMWARM). These blocks are come under Nichabanadhi sub basin. The field demonstrations were carried out in 875 ha in these three blocks for various crop components viz, paddy, maize, sunflower, cotton, sugarcane and pulses. A total of 569 farmers were selected for field demonstration in improved production technologies (IPT) and conventional method (CM) for various crops viz., paddy, sugarcane, maize, sunflower, cotton and pulses. The results revealed that performance of all crops was better in IPT than CM. The average productivity and income of different crops were significantly higher under IPT as compared to CM. The IPT also gave higher net return and benefit:cost ratio to the farmers as compared to traditional farming. The overall result revealed that the improved production technology with different crops is an adoptable good approach for sustainable production and income generation of the farmers of Tamil Nadu.
Gender difference and readiness for entrepreneurial trait of agricultural graduates
Authors: Shekhar Serene , Joshi Bhavika , Sanwal Sarita
Published: February 2016

Creation and development of enterprise is shouldered by men and women equally. The study was undertaken in seven colleges of Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University of Gujarat State; to seek the answer that whether the revised curriculum is able to attain its objectives of creating entrepreneurs among both the genders. A pre-structured interview scheduled and a standardized tool was used to measure independent variables (basic profile) and dependent variable (entrepreneurial talent and willingness to set-up enterprise) respectively. Frequency, percentage, range, correlation coefficient were used to tabulate the data. Significant difference was obtained when overall entrepreneurial talent was compared among girls and boys. Risk taking ability, problem solving ability, persuasiveness and leadership ability of both the gender were found to be non significant. Girls were found to have higher self-concept and achievement motivation in comparison to their counterpart while boys had more positive attitude towards other entrepreneurs’ trait. Only about 12 per cent of the respondents were ready to set-up their enterprise and among them only 14 per cent were girls. The reason stated by boys for non willingness for entrepreneurial venture was ’lack of financial assistance’ and for girls it was ’lack of family support’. Programme of study, year of study and mass media exposure showed positive correlation with entrepreneurial talent, thus enhancing these can bring change entrepreneurial talent of agricultural graduates.
Evaluation of advance lines of soybean for resistance to major diseases under natural field condition
Authors: Ingle Y. V. , Chandankar G. D. , Patil P. V. , Patil C. U.
Published: February 2016

Root rot/Charcoal rot, Alternaia leaf spot, Bacterial pustule and Yellow Mosaic Virus are important one disease in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. Thirty advance lines of soybean were screened for these diseases in protected and un-protected condition under natural field conditions and results revealed that four entries viz.NRC-94, JS-20-69, JS 20-71 and KDS- 699 were shown Resistant High Yield (R-HY) reaction to disease complex while NRC-92, KDS 705, KDS-378 and JS 20-41 exhibit Susceptible High Yield Tolerance (S-HY (T)) reaction to disease complex. Only one entry (SL-958) initiates Resistant Low Yield (R-LY) reaction. Rest of the tested advance lines showed Susceptible Low Yield (S-LY) reaction.
Genetic association studies for yield and yield related traits in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]
Authors: Pandey* Praveen , Kumar Rajesh , Pandey Vankat Raman
Published: February 2016

Twenty three pigeonpea genotypes were evaluated in a randomized block design during Kharif 2012-13. The objective of this research was to assess inter-relationships, direct and indirect effects among yield and its components for genetic improvement of pigeonpea. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences for all characters under study among the genotypes. Considering the correlation analysis biological yield/plant, pods/plant, 100-seed weight, harvest-index and secondary branches/plant had highly significant positive correlation with seed yield. Path analysis identified biological yield/plant followed by harvest-index, pods/plant, days to maturity, primary branches/plant 100-seed weight and seeds/pod as most important direct yield components while biological yield/plant and harvest-index as most important indirect components. Hence, these traits should be given much emphasis at the time of devising selection strategy to achieve a quantum jump in pigeonpea yield.
Growth stimulation of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) by coinoculation with rhizosphere bacteria and Rhizobium
Authors: Chaudhary Sita Ram , Sindhu* Satyavir Singh
Published: February 2016

Clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] is an important commercially utilizable crop grown in arid zone of India. Microorganisms present in the rhizosphere of this crop produce various plant growth-promoting substances and enhance the availability of nutrients to the plants. Therefore, fifty five bacterial isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of clusterbean were explored for beneficial characteristics. Twenty rhizobacterial isolates produced indole acetic acid ranging from 3.9 to 24.7 µg/mL. Only six isolates HCS7, HCS19, HFS7, HFS9, HFS10 and HFS12 showed d-aminolevulinic acid production varying from 1.3 to 7.0 µg/mL. Fourteen isolates showed solubilization of potassium on mica containing Aleksandrov medium plates. Stimulation of root and shoot growth of clusterbean seedlings on water agar plates was observed by inoculation of eleven rhizobacterial isolates at 5 and 10 days of growth whereas some isolates showed stunting effect on the growth of shoot and root as compared to uninoculated seedlings. At 60 days of plant growth, inoculation of Bradyrhizobium strain GSA11 and Rhizobium strain GSA110 showed significant nodulation and their inoculation resulted in 141.94 and 151.43% gains in shoot dry weight, respectively under chillum jar conditions. Coinoculation of Bacillus isolate HCS43 with Rhizobium strain GSA110 formed 48 nodules/plant and plant dry weight was enhanced by 190.09% in comparison to uninoculated control plants.
Measuring Course Competencies In A School Of Business: The Use Of Standardized Curriculum And Rubrics
Authors: Gibson Jane Whitney
Published: February 2016

This paper examines the growing emphasis on measurement of course competencies by individual college students through two course examples, an undergraduate course in managing change and conflict and a graduate course in human resource management. The author explains how standardized curriculum and assignment rubrics are being used to measure student achievement and as a vehicle for ongoing assurance of learning efforts.
Using Classroom Response Technology To Create An Active Learning Environment In Marketing Classes
Authors: Muncy James A. , Eastman Jacqueline K.
Published: February 2016

Classroom response systems (CRS), also called student/audience response systems or clickers, have been used by business instructors, particularly in larger classes, to allow instructors to ask students questions in class and have their responses immediately tabulated and reported electronically. While clickers have typically been used to measure attendance, gauge comprehension and test students, we propose that classroom response systems can also be used to effectively create an active learning environment. Specifically we detail the use of classroom response systems to utilize active learning in large classes (i.e., more than 70 students) through describing five sample CRS exercises in Marketing courses: Sequential Elimination, Why Do You Think That?, Experiential Exercises, What Would You Do?, and Forced Choice. These exercises though, could be adapted for use in other business classes.
Theory And Practice In CEO Pay: A Course Module And Integrative Case Based On Boeing Inc.
Authors: Boschen John F. , Smith Kimberly J.
Published: February 2016

Business students may dream of receiving pay packages like that of Michael Eisner at Disney. However, many of them will work for the compensation consultant who determines the economics of the pay arrangements, for the valuation consultant who values the different components of the pay arrangements, for the accountant who must audit the financial statement impacts of the pay arrangements, or as a manager in the company whose employees respond to the incentives provided by the pay arrangements. No matter their eventual role, it is critical that every student understands these various aspects of executive pay arrangements, and how these practices have evolved over time. The course module presented herein is designed to effectively integrate these perspectives in as few as five or as many as nine 80-minute sessions that could be a substantive component of an MBA or Master of Accounting capstone course, or a component of a corporate governance elective. A case based on the CEO compensation of Boeing Inc. over the last 60 years provides a series of assignments that effectively integrate the module.