bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a model of the optimal temperature mode of the main gas pipeline operation
Authors: Kologrivov Mykhail , Buzovskyi Vitalii
Published: November 2021

The influence of the ambient air temperature on changes in the parameters and thermophysical characteristics of the gas pumped through the underground pipeline was investigated. This was done because there are no scientifically sound recommendations for the optimal gas temperature after coolers at the compressor station. The presence of the site of inversion of heat exchange between gas and soil – a change in the direction of heat exchange along the length of the gas pipeline was revealed. It was proved that the air temperature above the soil surface should be substituted into the formula for calculating the change in gas temperature along the length of the pipeline between compressor stations. This made it possible to determine quantitative changes in the thermophysical and hydraulic characteristics of the gas along the pipe length, in particular, the change in density, viscosity, heat capacity, flow regime. It is shown that the change in air temperature during the year leads to a change in the gas pressure at the end of the gas pipeline section up to 0.15 MPa. A change in air temperature by 10 °С leads to a change in gas temperature by approximately 5 °С. Analytical studies made it possible to develop practical recommendations for the power-saving operation of air coolers at compressor stations. It was determined that the optimum gas temperature at the cooler outlet will be the temperature at which the heat exchange inversion point along the length of the gas pipeline coincides with the location of the subsequent station. It is shown how to control gas cooling in air coolers. In particular, by shutting down one of several operating devices and changing the speed of the fan drive. The developed recommendations will make it possible to quickly regulate the temperature mode of the underground gas pipeline operation at optimal power consumption for the operation of the gas cooling system after gas compression
Revealing specific features of structure formation in composites based on nanopowders of synthesized zirconium dioxide
Authors: Gevorkyan Edwin , Nerubatskyi Volodymyr , Chyshkala Volodymyr , Morozova Oksana
Published: November 2021

Peculiarities of formation of microstructure in composites based on chemically synthesized zirconium nanopowders obtained by the method of decomposition from fluoride salts were considered. Hydrofluoric acid, concentrated nitric acid, aqueous ammonia solution, metallic zirconium, and polyvinyl alcohol were used. It was established that the reduction of porosity in nanopowders in the sintering process is the main problem in the formation of high-density materials.
Analysis of various initial nanopowders, their morphology, and features of sintering by the method of hot pressing with direct transmission of electric current was made. Peculiarities of obtaining the composites based on them with the addition of Al2O3 nanopowders applying the electric sintering method were considered. It was shown that the increase in the content of alumina nano additives leads to an increase in strength and crack resistance of the samples due to simultaneous inhibition of abnormal grain growth and formation of a finer structure with a high content of tetragonal phase.
The influence of sintering modes on the formation of the microstructure of zirconium nanopowders has been studied for different contents of alumina additives. Electric current promotes the surface activity of nanopowders and its variable value promotes partial fragmentation of agglomerated grains thus affecting the composite structure.
Physical-mechanical properties of the obtained samples, optimal compositions of mixtures, and possibilities of improving some parameters were determined. It was found that nanopowders of zirconium dioxide obtained by the method of decomposition from fluoride salts are quite suitable for the production of composite materials with high physical and mechanical properties. They can compete with imported analogs and enable obtaining of crack resistance of 7.8 MPa·m1/2 and strength of 820 MPa.
Performance evaluation of linear discriminant analysis and support vector machines to classify cesarean section
Authors: Abdillah Abdul Azis , Azwardi Azwardi , Permana Sulaksana , Susanto Iwan , Zainuri Fuad , Arifin Samsul
Published: November 2021

Currently the hospital is a place that is very vulnerable to the transmission of Covid-19, so giving birth in a hospital is very risky. In addition, the hospital currently only accepts cesarean deliveries, while mothers who can give birth vaginally are recommended to give birth in a midwife because the chances of being exposed to Covid-19 are much lower. In general, this study aims to examine the performance of the LDA-SVM method in predicting whether a prospective mother needs to undergo a C-section or simply give birth normally. The aims of this study are:
1) to determine the best parameters for building the detection model;
2) to determine the best accuracy from the model;
3) to compare the accuracies with the other methods.
The data used in this study is the dataset of caesarian section. This data consists of the results of 80 pregnant women following C-section with the most important characteristics of labor problems in the clinical field. Based on the results of the experiments that have been carried out, several parameter values that provide the best results for building the detection model are obtained, namely σ (sigma) –5.9 for 70 % training data, σ=4, –6.1 and ‑6.6 for 80 % training data and σ=4 and 16 for 90 % training data. Besides, the results obtained show that the LDA-SVM method is able to classify the C-section method properly with an accuracy of up to 100 %. This research is also able to surpass the methods in previous studies. The results show that LDA-SVM for this case study generates an accuracy of 100.00 %. This method has great potential to be used by doctors used as an early detection to determine whether a mother needs to go through a C-section or simply give birth vaginally. So that mothers can prevent the transmission of Covid-19 in the hospital
Development of rapid-hardening ultra-high strength cementitious composites using superzeolite and N-C-S-H-PCE alkaline nanomodifier
Authors: Sanytsky Myroslav , Kropyvnytska Tetiana , Нeviuk Iryna , Sikora Pawel , Braichenko Serhii
Published: November 2021

It is shown that high operational reliability of structural materials, in particular at high temperatures, is achieved through the use of ultra-high strength cement composites. Studies of various types of Portland cements with mineral additives of the CEM II/A type have established that a stone based on Portland cement with superzeolite is the most resistant to high temperatures. It has been proven that due to the "self-autoclaving" effect, the strength of a stone based on CEM II/A-P 42.5 R is 1.2–1.3 times higher than a stone based on other types of CEM II/A. To obtain fast-hardening cement composites, a nanotechnological approach based on the use of sol-gel technology has been implemented. Using the methods of IR spectroscopy, electron microscopy, the fact of obtaining, by the chemical method of synthesis, an alkaline nanomodifier N-C-S-H-PCE, which is a nano–liquid based on nano-core seeds of sodium/calcium hydrosilicates, has been proved. It has been confirmed that the introduction of the alkaline nanomodifier N-C-S-H-PCE provides a significant intensification of the early structure formation processes in the paste based on Portland cement with superzeolite (after 12 hours, 24 hours and 28 days, the strength is 16.9; 30.5 and 104.1 MPa). It has been established that the complex combination of Portland cement with superzeolite, corundum aggregate, basalt fiber and alkaline nanomodifier provides rapid-hardening of ultra-high strength cement composites (T=400 °C) with improved operational properties. Thus, there is reason to assert the feasibility of developing rapid-hardening ultra-high strength cementitious composites. This solves the problems associated with the need to increase their early strength and performance. As a result, it is possible to carry out repair work to protect equipment from abrasive wear at elevated temperatures
Development of an innovative technology for accelerated cooking of no yeast bread using ion-ozonized water
Authors: Iztayev Auyelbek , Alimardanova Mariam , Iztayev Bauyrzhan , Yerzhanova Mira , Tungyshbayeva Ulbala , Izteliyeva Raushan , Tursunbaeva Sholpan
Published: November 2021

Natural baking starter made from common ingredients such as flour, water and sugar is considered healthy. Any starter obtained by spontaneous fermentation is always a symbiosis of lactic acid bacteria and yeast. Lactic acid bacteria and yeast get along well together and in the course of their life enrich bread with the most valuable compounds, including short-chain organic acids, dietary fiber, essential amino acids, vitamins, etc. On the basis of the obtained research results, a recipe and technological modes for preparing dough for no yeast bakery products from wheat flour of the first grade with the use of ion-ozonized water, whey and natural starter have been developed. The dough was prepared in a safe way under pressure in a kneading-beating ion-ozone cavitation unit. The recipe components (raw materials) of the dough were loaded into the kneading body of the unit, then the dough was replaced for 5 minutes at a kneading body rotation frequency of 5 s-1 in different rotation modes and times. Then the ion-ozone treatment was carried out using an excess pressure of 0.40 MPa (cavitation) and the dough was knocked down. The nutritional value, safety and shelf life of the developed no yeast bakery products with the addition of whey, starter and ion-ozonized water have been determined. It was found that in terms of organoleptic and physicochemical indicators, bread samples prepared from first grade wheat flour and ion-ozonized water without yeast and using whey are almost 2 times inferior to the quality of the control sample. As a result, it was found that churning for 3–5 minutes at a kneading body rotation frequency of 4–5 s-1 will be the optimal mode for obtaining a no yeast dough made from first grade flour on starter with the addition of whey and ion-ozonized water
Development of a hash algorithm based on cellular automata and chaos theory
Authors: Dobrovolsky Yuriy , Prokhorov Georgy , Hanzhelo Mariia , Hanzhelo Dmytro , Trembach Denis
Published: November 2021

Information security, reliability of data transfer are today an important component of the globalization of information technology. Therefore, the proposed work is devoted to highlighting the results of the design and development of a hacking-resistant algorithm to ensure the integrity of information transfer via digital technology and computer engineering. To solve such problems, cryptographic hashing functions are used. In particular, elements of deterministic Chaos were introduced into the developed cyclic hashing algorithm. The investigation analyzes in detail the strengths and weaknesses of known hashing algorithms. They are shown to have disadvantages. The main ones are a large number of matches (Hamming (x, y) and the presence of a weak avalanche effect, which lead to a significant decrease in the reliability of the algorithm for hacking. The designed hashing algorithm uses an iterative Merkley-Damgard structure, augmented by the input message to a length multiple of 512 bits. Processing in blocks of 128-bit uses cellular automata with mixed rules of 30, 105 and 90, 150 and takes into account the dependence of the generation of the initial vector on the incoming message. This allows half of the 10,000 pairs of arbitrary messages to have an inverse Hamming distance of 0 to 2. The proposed algorithm is four times slower than the well-known family of "secure hash algorithms." However, computation speed is not a critical requirement for a hash function. Decreasing the sensitivity to the avalanche effect allows the generation time to be approximately halved. Optimization of the algorithm, as well as its testing was carried out using new technologies of the Java programming language (version 15). Suggestions and recommendations for improving this approach to data hashing are given also
A study of physico-chemical characteristics of electrochromic Ni(OH)2-PVA films on fto glass with different deposition duration
Authors: Kotok Valerii , Kovalenko Vadym , Nafeev Rovil , Verbitskiy Volodymyr , Melnyk Olena , Plaksiienko Iryna , Sukhomlyn Dmitry , Filonenko Sergey , Kocherga Anatolii , Makarchenko Natalia
Published: November 2021

The use of electrochromic elements in “smart” windows leads to significant savings in electricity required for cooling premises. However, the high cost of these devices does not allow the technology to be widely used. Since the cost is determined by costly vacuum deposition methods, the development of other cheaper methods of deposition of electrochromic element layers is urgent.
Aspects of alternative to vacuum formation methods – cathode template electrochemical deposition of composite electrochromic Ni(OH)2-PVA films were investigated.
The study is devoted to determining the effect of the duration of deposition of the electrochromic layer on their physicochemical characteristics, in particular, on the optical and electrochemical properties. The deposition was carried out on fluorine-doped tin oxide glasses (FTO glasses). The time of deposition was chosen equal to 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 minutes.
As a result of the experiments, it was shown that the optimal duration of deposition under the selected conditions of the electrochromic layer formation was the interval from 5 to 20 minutes, inclusive. The deposition time of 40 minutes did not improve the optical characteristics of the film. At the same time, with the deposition duration of 60 and 80 minutes, the electrochemical and optical parameters sharply decreased, the coloration depth and irreversibility during bleaching, as well as the specific capacitances of the processes decreased.
In the course of data processing, the film thickness was calculated depending on the duration of deposition in several ways. Comparison of the graphs obtained made it possible to determine the approximate amount of polyvinyl alcohol in the electrochromic composite coating, as well as to estimate the current efficiency of the electrodeposition and oxidation-reduction process of the electrochromic material. In this case, the volume of polyvinyl alcohol in the composite was approximately equal to the volume of nickel hydroxide, and the efficiency of Ni(OH)2 deposition and coloration-bleaching processes was approximately 100 %
Determining configuration parameters for proportionally integrated differentiating controllers by arranging the poles of the transfer function on the complex plane
Authors: Horbiychuk Mykhailo , Lazoriv Nataliia , Chyhur Liudmyla , Chyhur Іhor
Published: November 2021

This paper reports a solution to the problem of determining the configuration parameters of PID controllers when arranging the poles of the transfer function of a linear single-circuit automated control system for a predefined set of control objects.
Unlike known methods in which the task to find the optimal settings of a PID controller is formed as a problem of nonlinear programming, in this work a similar problem is reduced to solving a system of linear algebraic equations.
The method devised is based on the generalized Viète theorem, which establishes the relationship between the parameters and roots of the characteristic equation of the automatic control system. It is shown that for control objects with transfer functions of the first and second orders, the problem of determining the configuration parameters of PID controllers has an unambiguous solution. For control objects with transfer functions of the third and higher orders, the generated problem is reduced to solving the redefined system of linear algebraic equations that has an unambiguous solution when the Rouché–Capelli theorem condition is met.
Such a condition can be met by arranging one of the roots of the characteristic equation of the system on a complex plane. At the same time, the requirements for the qualitative indicators of the system would not always be met. Therefore, alternative techniques have been proposed for determining the configuration parameters of PID controllers. The first of these defines configuration parameters as a pseudo solution to the redefined system of linear algebraic equations while the second produces a solution for which the value of the maximum residual for the system of equations is minimal.
For each case, which was used to determine the settings of PID controllers, such indicators of the control process as overshooting and control time have been determined
Development of a simulation model of a cargo customs complex operation as a link of a logistic supply chain
Authors: Mazurenko Alexander , Kudriashov Andrii , Lebid Iryna , Luzhanska Nataliia , Kravchenya Irina , Pitsyk Maksym
Published: November 2021

The main link in the logistics supply chain is the cargo customs complex. It provides customs and logistics services to cargo owners during the export and import of goods, complex services, placement of goods in a customs warehouse and a temporary storage warehouse. To substantiate the choice of the optimal logistics supply chain and optimize the work of the cargo customs complex, it is proposed to use simulation modeling.
The model of operation of the logistics chain and the cargo customs complex is presented in a general form. The proposed model is implemented in the GPSS World simulation automation package. Testing the simulation model involved checking its adequacy. Checking the adequacy of the simulation model, which showed the maximum value of the t-statistic of 1.424 with a critical value of 1.85, proved its compliance with the work of a real object.
After completing the adequacy check, the simulation error was estimated, which was 3 % with an allowable 5 %, due to the presence of pseudo-random number generators in the simulation model. Thus, the simulation error is insignificant for this study.
For the cargo customs complex, an example of the simulation results is given. Based on the results of simulation modeling, it is possible to determine: the optimal type of the logistics supply chain and the optimal structure of the cargo customs complex. A wide range of tasks that the proposed simulation model can solve is presented. Thus, the developed simulation model will make it possible to analyze and improve the modes of operation of the cargo customs complex. In addition, it will allow to get an informed decision regarding the use of a certain type of logistics supply chain
Development a method for determining the coordinates of air objects by radars with the additional use of multilateration technology
Authors: Khudov Hennadii , Mynko Petro , Ikhsanov Shamil , Diakonov Oleksii , Kovalenko Oleksandr , Solomonenko Yuriy , Drob Yevhen , Kharun Oleh , Сherkashyn Serhii , Serdiuk Oleksii
Published: November 2021

This paper reports an experimental study aimed at confirming disruptions in the operation of ADS-B receivers. The experimental investigation into disruptions in the operation of ADS-B receivers involved the FlightAware Piaware receiver. Examples of the disrupted performance of ADS-B receivers are given. It was found that the experimentally detected disruptions in the operation of ADS-B receivers could lead to a decrease in the accuracy of determining the coordinates of air objects with the joint use of the radar and multilateration technology.
A method for determining the coordinates of an air object by radar with additional use of multilateration technology has been devised. The method involves the following stages: entering initial data, the calculation of distances between the points of reception and the air object, the computation of the inconsistency vector, the calculation of the matrix of partial derivatives taking into consideration the estimates of the coordinates of an air object at the previous iteration, the computation of the correction, the calculation of the refined coordinates of the air object. Unlike those known ones, the improved method for determining the coordinates of an air object by a radar additionally uses multilateration technology.
The accuracy of determining the air objects' coordinates by a radar with the additional use of multilateration technology was estimated. It was established that the additional application of multilateration technology would reduce the error in determining the coordinates of an air object by 1.58 to 2.39 times on average, compared to using only an autonomous radar
Determining basic characteristics of stabilizer micro torch burners for the combustion of ballasted fuel gases
Authors: Chernousenko Olga , Butovsky Leonid , Hranovska Olena , Moroz Oleh , Starchenko Oleksandr
Published: November 2021

This paper reports an experimental study into the combustion of alternative gases in the form of a mixture of propane-butane with air and carbon dioxide after a stabilizing flat module whose both sides are flown around with an airflow. The ballasted fuel was fed by jets into the airflow from the holes located on the side walls of the stabilizer. In this case, the fuel and air were partially premixed. It was established that when ballasting fuel with inert admixtures, the length of the torch and the maximum temperature gradually decreased while nitrogen oxide emissions decreased. With an increase in the content of ballast in fuel, combustion breaks. The dependence of torch stability on the relative consumption of ballast has been established. To stabilize the combustion, highly reactive fuel is supplied to the recirculation zone after a stabilizer from a separate collector. Ballasted fuel passes through the next torches of high-temperature fuel; the all fuel combustion process takes place. The combined scheme of mixture formation makes it possible to adjust fuel consumption in the zones and thus maintain a stable burner power. In the case of supplying all fuel to the recirculation zone after the stabilizer, a so-called "rich" detachment is possible when the torch is detached from the stabilizer. When working under such modes, highly reactive fuel is supplied from the holes on the side walls of the stabilizer, which are placed closer to its detachment edges than the holes for the supply of ballasted fuel. At the same time, the jets of ballasted fuel also pass between the torches of highly reactive fuel so there is joint combustion of all fuel
Analysis of network security organization based on SD-WAN technology
Authors: Ordabayeva Gulzinat , Saparbayev Abdizhapar , Kirgizbayeva Bibinur , Dzhsupbekova Gulzat , Rakhymbek Nazira
Published: November 2021

A Software-Defined Network (SDN) on a Wide Area Network (WAN) is a computer network that is controlled and created by software.
SD-WAN is an emerging research area that has received a lot of attention from industry and government. This technology offers tremendous opportunities to support the creation of consolidated data centers and secure networks. This is an innovation that allows the network to be monitored and programmed so that it can respond to network events caused by security breaches.
This solution provides network security, offers a single network management console, and provides complete control over the network architecture. Also controls security in the cloud software-defined infrastructure (SDI), such as dynamically changing the network configuration when forwarding packets, blocking, redirecting, changing Media Access Control (MAC) or Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, limiting the packet flow rate etc.
Using SD-WAN technology, it is possible to reduce the cost of dedicated bandwidth channels, achieve a high-quality Virtual Private Network (VPN), and the ability to automatically select a channel for certain channels.
The main advantages of SD-WAN are the management of an unlimited number of devices from a single center, reducing the cost of deploying branch infrastructure.
According to the results of the survey, 7 % of respondents use SD-WAN for security solutions, 14% at the piloting stage.
As a result of the research, it was revealed that by 2024, to increase the flexibility and support of cloud applications, more than 60 % of SD-WAN customers will implement the SASE (Secure Access Service Edge) architecture, which is 30% more than in 2020 and the main concept - application security and cloud functions.
Keywords: OpenFlow, Software defined wide area network (SD-WAN), architecture, DDoS attack, WAN network
Multifunctional fiber-optic sensors for space infrastructure
Authors: Mikhailov Petr , Ualiyev Zhomart , Kabdoldina Assem , Smailov Nurzhigit , Khikmetov Askar , Malikova Feruza
Published: November 2021

Sensors used in rocket and space technology are subject to extreme external influences in terms of temperature, vibration, and shock. Therefore, the choice of the type of sensors is justified precisely by the resistance to such factors, as well as the ability to ensure the temporal and parametric stability of measurements. A new type of sensors – fiber-optic ones – meets these conditions. The basis for the selection and further improvement of such sensors were such requirements as minimum power consumption, high accuracy and stability of measurements, the ability to combine several measurements in one sensor. It is noted that for space infrastructure the factor of the possibility of simultaneous measurement of several parameters with one sensor is one of the important quality indicators. This is due to the possibility of reducing the number of sensors themselves, which reduces the mass and size parameters of space technology. This applies, first of all, to measurements of pressure and temperature, since they, in aggregate, account for at least 40 % of all measurements in space products. The path of choos-ing the types of methods and sensor designs led to the combination of the amplitude conversion method and optical communication in one sensor. In this case, amplitude modulation of pressure and temperature is carried out by a microelec-tromechanical unit (module), and the modulated optical signal is transmitted by an optical module. Such a modular composition of the sensor makes it possible to dispense with optical ana-lyzers (interrogators) and carry out further pro-cessing based on standard interfaces. A limitation of the proposed methods and designs is the need for microelectromechanical structures that measure certain physical quantities. Such structures for fiber-optic sensors are not mass-produced; therefore, their manufacture can be established at instrument-making enterprises with microelectronic equipment
Development of a method of assessment of ecological risk of surface water pollution by nitrogen compounds
Authors: Loboda Nataliia , Daus Maria
Published: November 2021

A method has been developed for quantitative and qualitative assessment of the risk of surface water pollution by nitrogen compounds based on the use of the indicator of the total content of inorganic nitrogen forms in water (Ninorg), that is,   This indicator is considered as the sensitivity coefficient kn. The choice of the indicator is dictated by the need to protect waters from pollution caused by nitrogen compounds during their flow from agricultural sources (Directive 91/676 /EU). The experience of developed countries has shown that nitrogen compounds deteriorate the quality of water and prevent the achievement of a "good ecological state" of water bodies. For territories with developed agriculture, it is important to establish environmental risks of damage depending on the degree of nitrogen pollution. Quantitative assessments of environmental risk are provided on the basis of a probabilistic approach. The risk was calculated as the product of the probability of a hazardous event occurring multiplied by the consequences of this event. The consequences of river pollution with nitrogen compounds were assessed as the ratio of the total concentration of nitrogen compounds (sensitivity index kn) to its threshold value (50 mg/dm3 or 11.3 mgN/dm3). In order to develop a scale for qualitative and quantitative risk assessment, relationships were established between the sensitivity indicators kн and the risk indicators R' for individual rivers, and for the study area as a whole, by means of spatio-temporal generalization. The probabilistic characteristics of possible environmental damage were determined on the basis of the obtained regression equations of the form R'=f(kn) and the statistical law of distribution of the risk value R'. The developed method will make it possible to determine the rank of the risk zone and the probability of getting into it, depending on the given sensitivity indicator kn
Development of an ammonia production method for carbon-free energy generation
Authors: Zhadan Sergey , Shapovalov Yevhenii , Tarasenko Roman , Salyuk Anatoliy
Published: November 2021

Ammonia has great prospects in the context of the transition to carbon-free energy. It can be used as fuel in gas turbines, fuel cells, internal combustion engines, and burned together with coal. However, industrial production of ammonia is based on the Haber-Bosh process, which involves the use of natural gas and coal, which, in this case, does not make it really carbon-free. This study proposes a method to produce ammonia, which is environmentally friendly and does not require the use of fossil fuels. It is based on the approach to adjusting the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in a biogas reactor and implies the sorption of ammonia from the gas phase with a solution of monoammonium phosphate, obtaining diammonium phosphate, and subsequently heating it with the release of ammonia. The factors influencing the extraction of ammonia from waste have been considered, as well as the influence of temperature on the release of ammonia from the solution of diammonium phosphate; the energy efficiency of the method has been assessed. With increasing temperature, the degree of ammonia and the degree of sorbent regeneration increased. Under laboratory conditions, 111 J/g of ammonia energy was spent. The higher the concentration of (NH4)2HPO4 in the solution, the less energy is required to obtain a unit of ammonia mass. The total amount of ammonia released varies depending on the temperature. Sorbent regeneration can be carried out using thermal energy obtained at a cogeneration plant. The possibility of using this method to produce ammonia at an industrial scale has been estimated by analyzing the ways of ammonia utilization as a fuel. The potential for ammonia production in the main livestock industries in Europe and the United States is up to 11,482,651.15 and 11,582,169.5 tons per year, respectively. Applying this solution also makes it possible to improve the efficiency of biogas production from waste with high nitrogen content. The proposed method of ammonia production could potentially contribute to the development of carbon-free energy
Definition of conceptual basics of nanoeconomics as inclusive society environment
Authors: Ostapenko Tetiana , Britchenko Igor , Marchenko Valentyna
Published: November 2021

The definition of nanoeconomics can relate to different levels and areas of economic life. First of all, this is the nanolevel of the economic system. As a human economy, nanoeconomics provides for the allocation of an individual factor within the framework of a socio-economic phenomenon. The nanoeconomic aspect is central to the definition of inclusion. So, the inclusion of a person, as the main subject of nanoeconomics, to the formation and stabilization of economic systems is the initial one in the integration of an individual in relation to production processes and economic development. A person is involved in academic and social life by making decisions about their own business and integrating it into the sectoral and national economic space. It is proved that its indicators are the conditions for clustering the economic system. The study carried out a cluster analysis of the innovation system in a country with an economy in transition.
In addition, the study outlined that inclusive phenomena in the economy are close to integration and are the opposite of segregation and isolation. It is noted that different institutions of integration can be used to form objective conditions for the development of babyeconomics. Public decisions of inclusion involve the use of Arrow's impossibility theorem.
The research results can be used:
– the individualistic functions of inclusion should be used in the formation of the babyeconomics, the human economy and the economy of nanotechnology;
– states of inclusion must be created at all levels of the economic system;
– a person and wealth are an individualistic aspect of an inclusive economy, because national wealth consists of individual wealth.
Nanoeconomics is just beginning to be included in the systemic processes of inclusive economic phenomena, especially in countries with economies in transition
Substantiation of parameters for the inertial mixer in a biodiesel production reactor
Authors: Orynbayev Nursultan , Aldabergenov Marat , Zhaхylyk Kemal , Abdildin Nurlan
Published: November 2021

This paper reports results of the theoretical and experimental studies into the processes of transesterification of oils with methyl alcohol, which determined the material balance and established the molecular weight of the components involved in the process of transesterification as input and output products. The theoretical and experimental studies were carried out to calculate the indicators of the process of transesterification of fat-containing wastes depending on a change in the reaction duration and diameter of the inertial mixer of the reactor to accelerate the process of transesterification of oils with methyl alcohol.
The process of transesterification is one of the basic methods for modifying the molecular composition of fat raw materials. With transesterification, the composition of fat fatty acids does not change, their statistical redistribution occurs in a mixture of triacylglycerols, which leads to a change in the physicochemical properties of fat mixtures as a result of changes in molecular composition. Transesterification of high-melting animal and vegetable fats with methyl alcohol improves the conversion of oils for the production of biodiesel from fat-containing waste.
The results of the theoretical and experimental studies have helped determine the value of the flow rate of the reaction mixture, as well as the values of the geometric dimensions of the reactor, were determined (the diameter of the mixer, d=100÷500 mm; the length of the reactor is 1.5÷2.0 m). Processing of the reaction mixture made it possible to obtain a high degree of homogeneity in the concentration of components with large diameters of the inertial mixer ‒ 300...500 mm at average rotational speeds. The oil conversion has been improved, as well as productivity, by using equipment to produce biodiesel from fat-containing waste. Optimal pump performance is also ensured with minimal power consumption and reactor operation
Determining the influence of the filler on the properties of structural thermal-resistant polymeric materials based on Phenylone C1
Authors: Kabat Oleh , Makarenko Dmytro , Derkach Oleksii , Muranov Yevhen
Published: November 2021

This paper reports a laboratory study of the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of designed composite materials based on Phenylone C1 filled with silica gel. Structural plastics, due to their high chemical and wear resistance, sufficient level of physical, mechanical, and thermal properties, can significantly improve the technical characteristics of machines and mechanisms. However, some structural plastics, including Phenylone C1, have a significant drawback – a narrow temperature range of their processing, which leads to a complication of technological equipment and increases the cost of production. It was established that the technical processing of the initial composite material into finished products could be improved by introducing fillers.
The regularities of influence of silica gel content on the level of thermal and physical-mechanical properties of polymer composite materials based on Phenylone C1 have been established. It was found that the introduction of silica gel into Phenylone C1 leads to an increase in stress at the yield strength and modulus of elasticity at compression by 6.3 % and 13.3 %, respectively, compared to the original material. It was established that the heat resistance of the filled composite increases by 11.6 % with a decrease in thermal linear expansion by 10‒20 %, depending on the content of the filler.
It was found that with an increase in silica gel concentration in the polymer matrix, the temperature of the onset of active destruction shifts towards higher temperatures. When filled in the amount of 30 % by weight, this temperature reaches 375 °C, which increases the temperature range of processing the designed material by 25 °C.
The study results make it possible to optimize the system of tolerances and landings of parts made of polymer-composite materials, simplify the technology of their manufacture, and, as a result, reduce their cost
Determination of features of formation of energy supply systems with the use of renewable energy sources in the transition period
Authors: Nakashydze Liliya , Gabrinets Volodimir , Mitikov Yurii , Alekseyenko Sergey , Liashenko Iryna
Published: November 2021

An urgent scientific and practical problem is the formation of energy efficient systems for ensuring climatic conditions in premises based on the use of renewable energy sources. The work has improved the technical and methodological approach to the calculations of energy supply and storage systems when using energy-active fences. The special effectiveness of these fences has been shown in the transitional periods of the year, that is, in spring and autumn.
A mathematical model has been developed to reliably predict the process of ensuring temperature comfortable conditions (heat balance) when using nonparametric statistics methods. It will improve the quality of forecasting the effect of external air temperature during the transitional periods of the year. The temperature inside the room is taken into account in the presence of a multilayer energy-active fence.
To determine the approach to the use of heat in energy supply systems during the transition period, thermal parameters from the inner and outer sides of the building structure are considered. This makes it possible to take into account changes in the heat transfer of these structures when designing a power supply system and determining the optimal modes of its functioning in various natural conditions.
The function of energy-active fences associated with the generation of additional heat into the system, obtained through the conversion of solar radiation energy, is considered. To increase this generation, special multilayer designs of energy-active fencing have been proposed. The proposed thermal modernization with the use of energy-active fences allows, on average, over the cold period of the year, to reduce energy consumption by 3.5 times for industrial and residential buildings
Development of pumps with improved anti-cavitation characteristics
Authors: Tiahno Olexandr , Vorozhka Anatoly , Ovcharenko Mykhailo , Loburenko Mikhailo , Papchenco Andrey
Published: November 2021

When considering the creation of pumps with improved anti-cavitation characteristics, the results of an in-depth analysis of the problem of pumping viscous liquids at high temperatures are presented. On the example of the technological process of evaporation of sugar syrup on a film evaporator of the latest type, the problem of the occurrence of cavitation when pumping viscous liquids at high temperatures was revealed.
After analyzing the existing machines used for the specified operating conditions, critical design and operating parameters were identified that affect the appearance of cavitation. Namely, the appearance of cavitation is influenced by the reduced diameter of the impeller inlet, the diameter of the impeller inlet, the number of blades, the width of the blades and the rotor speed.
To study the level of influence of these parameters, a method of physical modeling was chosen, an experimental stand was designed and manufactured. Studies have been carried out on the operation of the pump with and without a reducer. The work with a two- and three-blade inducer is analyzed, the work with an open and closed impeller, with one and two-level blade system is investigated.
As a result of the analysis of experimental data, the optimal design of the hydraulic part with a three-blade reducer and a semi-open impeller with a two-level blade system was chosen. In turn, this made it possible to reduce the compression of the flow at the inlet to the impeller without loss of energy efficiency; the angles of inclination of the inducer and impeller blades were synchronized.
The experience gained made it possible to design and manufacture an industrial sample of a cantilever pump with an inducer and a semi-open impeller. Thus, allowing to solve the problem of pumping thick syrup on a film evaporating unit of the Teofipol sugar plant (Khmelnytskyi region, Ukraine), with a cavitation reserve of 1.5 m.
Design and implementation of the distributed dosimetric system based on the principles of IoT
Authors: Terokhin Vitalii , Stervoyedov Mykola , Ridozub Oleg
Published: November 2021

This paper describes the architecture and components of the distributed information and management system for collecting, processing, storing, and distributing data on a radiometric and dosimetric experiment using the principle of the Internet of Things. Data exchange between elements in the system, as well as the analysis of the received information, involves active application of the ThingSpeak cloud service. Two-way communication with the cloud with a 15-second loop has been implemented. Data are processed in the MATLAB (America) environment, integrated into the cloud. The developed hardware and software solutions demonstrate an increased accuracy of measurements due to the use of promising cadmium telluride (CdZnTe) detectors, modern microcontroller and micro communication technology, and a new algorithm for correcting the dependence of detector sensitivity on radiation energy. Measurement with correction by the method of average charge pulse amplitude is carried out in the energy range from 60 keV to 3 MeV. The resolution of the spectrometric channel is 6.5 % at the peak of 662 keV of full absorption from the reference source, Cesium (Сs – 137).
The module for a laboratory sensor network, designed to measure the dose of ionizing radiation, has a built-in spectrometric analog-digital converter, microcontroller control, and a communication unit. Constructing the diagrams demonstrates the operation of the interrupt handler in the form of a series of events occurring when requests arrive from a Web server. The peculiarity of the system is the absence of intermediate devices that make it possible to establish a connection with the Internet.
The developed system, equipment, algorithms, and programs are used for experimental studies of radiation and nuclear-physical processes. Elements of the system were useful for remote laboratory work by students
Development of Fe-11Al-xMN alloy steel on cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Kartikasari Ratna , Subardi Adi , Wijaya Andy Erwin
Published: November 2021

This research is focused on increasing the reliability of Fe-11Al-Mn by combining the properties of Mn and the superiority of Fe-Al-C under cryogenic temperature. Three Fe-11Al-Mn alloys with compositions of 15 wt % Mn (F15), 20 wt % Mn (F20), and 25 wt % Mn (F25) were investigated. The cryogenic process uses liquid nitrogen in a temperature range of 0–196 °C. Hardness testing using the Vickers method and SEM was used to analyze the microstructure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing was conducted to ensure the Fe-11Al-Mn alloy phase and corrosion testing was carried out using the three-electrode cell polarization method. With the addition of Mn, the Vickers hardness of the Fe-11Al-Mn alloy decreased from 331.50 VHN at 15 wt % to 297.91 VHN at 25 wt %. The value of tensile strength and fracture elongation values were 742.21 MPa, 35.3 % EI; 789.03 MPa, 41.2 % EI; and 894.42 MPa, 50.2 % EI, for F15, F20, and F25, respectively. An important factor for improving the performance of cryogenic materials is the impact mechanism. The resulting impact toughness increased by 2.85 J/mm2 to 3.30 J/mm2 for F.15 and F25, respectively. The addition of the element Mn increases the corrosion resistance of the Fe-11Al-Mn alloy. The lowest corrosion rate occurs at 25 % wt Mn to 0.016 mm/year. Based on the results, the F25 alloy has the highest mechanical and corrosion resistance of the three types of alloys equivalent to SS 304 stainless steel. The microstructure of Fe-11Al-Mn alloy was similar between before and after cryogenic temperature treatment, this condition showed that the microstructure did not change during the process. From the overall results, the Fa-11Al-Mn alloy is a promising candidate for material applications working at cryogenic temperatures by optimizing the Mn content
Development of system for selecting suitable landing location inside the local hazard area
Authors: Kurdel Pavol , Pastir David , Zaremba Jaroslav , Korba Lukas , Yakovlieva Anna
Published: November 2021

In the area of successful landing and guidance of the aircraft on the route, flight safety is perceived as the highest rate of observation of all operational-control functions of the aircraft. The given functions of the aircraft are observable and identifiable by the systems and cognitive perceptions of the pilot. Situational control of the aircraft on the route with the identification of the danger, into which the pilot can get is perceived as an exact element of failure. If the pilot enters such a situation, apriori solutions are offered to him/her by the aircraft information system. The character and emergency solution in the highest criticism of the failure of aircraft systems is the controlled landing in the local safety corridor when guiding the aircraft on the selected route. The aim of the article is the theory of the solution for the introduction of an assistance element in small aircraft with a description of the solution of autonomous choice of geolocation in a defined local environment. By a heuristic experiment in the article, let’s prove the methods of selection of geographical areas for landing an aircraft with the possibility of introduction into the aircraft information system. The article presents the methodology of creation autonomous assistance system, based on the measurement of detection areas for landing with the collection of data from the GIS system. This system can assist in pilot training and real flights for small aircraft without difficulty. The effectiveness of such system and the parameterization of its data were shown and proved. The developed models may be further used for creation an autonomous selection system in the event of accidental aircraft failures