bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marketing channels of chili: players, levels, and segmentations
Authors: Mariyono Joko
Published: September 2019

Chili production is an essential commodity in Indonesia, and the marketing issues frequently disrupt the economy. This paper aims to analyze the distribution channel of chili and formulate a suitable policy to overcome the marketing problems. A market survey was qualitatively conducted at a producer, intermediary, wholesaler, and retailer levels. The results were descriptively presented using tables and figures. The analysis shows that the marketing channel of chili in Indonesia was long and complicated. Many players were starting at the village level to the provincial level. Segmented markets were based on the types of chili, which were categorized as local and hybrid cultivars. Farmers selected the marketing channels because of business circumstance and their farm location. Distance and gentleman agreement with traders limited farmers to select the marketing channel. Thus, the government is strongly recommended to provide a unique vegetable market such as an agribusiness terminal close to the center of production. This action will shorten the marketing chain such that both producers and consumers gain the benefits. The role of the private sector will be crucial in order to keep healthy agribusiness.
Politik Penguasaan Teknologi: Jalan Keluar dari Stigmatisasi Negara Berkembang di Regional Asia
Authors: Pradana Bagus
Published: September 2019

Tulisan ini berkeinginan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana stigmatisasi sebagai negara berkembang di regional Asia bisa terjadi dan secara bersamaan menujukkan adanya peluang untuk keluar dari keadaan tersebut. Sebagaimana diketahui bersama, nyaris semua rujukan negara maju adalah negara-negara di Eropa dan Amerika, yang memiliki tingkat kemutahiran terhadap teknologi yang tinggi. Berangkat dari poin tersebut, maka penulis melakukan kajian pustaka untuk melihat bagaimana politik penguasaan teknologi berkembang di Asia. Pengalaman perusahaan Acer dan perusahaan rintisan Gojek, menjadi pelajaran berharga bahwa negara-negara di regional Asia harus mulai keluar dari jebakan komoditas, terutama yang masih berkutat pada industri barang mentah. Dengan politik penguasaan teknologi inilah, sebuah negara bisa duduk sejajar dalam pergaulan global.
Metabolic Disturbances of a High-Fat Diet Are Dependent on APOE Genotype and Sex
Authors: Jones Nahdia S. , Watson Katarina Q. , Rebeck G. William
Published: September 2019

Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD).APOE4is also associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Obesity is a major environmental risk factor for AD. WhileAPOEgenotype and obesity independently affect metabolism and cognition, they may also have synergistic effects. Here, we examined the metabolic and behavioral alterations associated with a high-fat diet (HFD) in male and femaleAPOEknock-in mice. Male and female mice were fed a 45% kcal HFD or a 10% kcal low-fat diet (LFD) for 12 weeks and adipose tissue accumulation, glucose levels, anxiety-like behavior, and spatial memory were examined. We found that with HFD, maleAPOE4mice were more susceptible to metabolic disturbances, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation and glucose intolerance when compared toAPOE3mice, while femaleAPOE3andAPOE4mice had similar metabolic responses. Behaviorally, there were no effects of HFD in mice of either genotype. Our results suggest that metabolic responses to HFD are dependent on both sex and APOE genotype.
Feedforward Thalamocortical Connectivity Preserves Stimulus Timing Information in Sensory Pathways
Authors: Wang Hsi-Ping , Garcia Jonathan W. , Sabottke Carl F. , Spencer Donald J. , Sejnowski Terrence J.
Published: September 2019

Reliable timing of cortical spikes in response to visual events is crucial in representing visual inputs to the brain. Spikes in the primary visual cortex (V1) need to occur at the same time within a repeated visual stimulus. Two classical mechanisms are employed by the cortex to enhance reliable timing. First, cortical neurons respond reliably to a restricted set of stimuli through their preference for certain patterns of membrane potential due to their intrinsic properties. Second, intracortical networking of excitatory and inhibitory neurons induces lateral inhibition that, through the timing and strength of IPSCs and EPSCs, produces sparse and reliably timed cortical neuron spike trains to be transmitted downstream. Here, we describe a third mechanism that, through preferential thalamocortical synaptic connectivity, enhances the trial-to-trial timing precision of cortical spikes in the presence of spike train variability within each trial that is introduced between LGN neurons in the retino-thalamic pathway. Applying experimentally recorded LGN spike trains from the anesthetized cat to a detailed model of a spiny stellate V1 neuron, we found that output spike timing precision improved with increasing numbers of convergent LGN inputs. The improvement was consistent with the predicted proportionality of1/nfornLGN source neurons. We also found connectivity configurations that maximize reliability and that generate V1 cell output spike trains quantitatively similar to the experimental recordings. Our findings suggest a general principle, namely intra-trial variability among converging inputs, that increases stimulus response precision and is widely applicable to synaptically connected spiking neurons.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe early visual pathway of the cat is favorable for studying the effects of trial-to-trial variability of synaptic inputs and intra-trial variability of thalamocortical connectivity on information transmission into the visual cortex. We have used a detailed model to show that there are preferred combinations of the number of thalamic afferents and the number of synapses per afferent that maximize the output reliability and spike-timing precision of cortical neurons. This provides additional insights into how synchrony in thalamic spike trains can reduce trial-to-trial variability to produce highly reliable reporting of sensory events to the cortex. The same principles may apply to other converging pathways where temporally jittered spike trains can reliably drive the downstream neuron and improve temporal precision.
Complicações da via subcutânea na infusão de medicamentos e soluções em cuidados paliativos
Authors: Guedes Natália de Almeida Barbosa , Melo Laís Samara de , Santos Fernanda Batista Oliveira , Barbosa Jaqueline Almeida Guimarães
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: caracterizar as complicações associadas ao uso da via subcutânea na infusão de medicamentos e soluções em cuidados paliativos. Métodos: estudo observacional, prospectivo, realizado na Unidade de Cuidados Paliativos de um hospital geral de ensino. Resultados: foram avaliados 78 pacientes em cuidados paliativos, nos quais foram realizadas 254 punções na via subcutânea para infusão de medicamentos e/ou soluções. A maioria era idosa (87,3%) e encontrava-se desnutrida (69,2%). Em 33,0%, a via foi indicada para controle de sintomas e, em 50,0%, a punção ocorreu na região anterolateral da coxa; 65,4% das punções não mostraram complicação. Dentre as complicações identificadas, 9,4% foram edema e 9,1% hiperemia, sendo que 53,8% delas ocorreram na região deltoidea. A celulite ocorreu em apenas 3,5%. Conclusão: a infusão de soluções pode ser considerada uma alternativa segura, a qual apresenta risco de complicações em sua maioria facilmente reversíveis e com baixo potencial de ocasionar danos aos pacientes.
Comportamento sobre prática de higiene das mãos de acompanhantes em enfermarias de internação
Authors: Neri Maria Fabiana de Sena , Galindo Neto Nelson Miguel , Sampaio Cynthia Lima , Medina Luis Angel Cendejas , Barros Lívia Moreira , Caetano Joselany Áfio
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: avaliar a rotina de higiene das mãos de acompanhantes em unidades de internação. Métodos: estudo observacional, com 50 acompanhantes, maiores de 18 anos com linguagem clara. Utilizaram-se de questionário e observação dos momentos de higiene das mãos. Para análise, utilizou-se da estatística descritiva. Resultados: evidenciou-se uso de sabão líquido (p=0,939), gel alcoólico (p=0,939), toalha de uso coletivo (p=0,939), papel descartável (p=0,939), maior frequência depois de usar banheiro (p<0,000) e em instituições de saúde (p<0,000). Os enfermeiros eram os que mais higienizavam as mãos (p<0,000). Higiene preponderante após visita ao paciente (p<0,000) ou em surtos virais (p<0,000). Educação sobre higienização das mãos realizada pela família (p=0,253) e cuidadores (p=0,024). Conclusão: as principais práticas foram: lavagem das mãos depois do uso de banheiro e após contato com sujidades ou doente. Ademais, uso do álcool-gel e toalhas descartáveis na higiene das mãos antes das refeições e depois de usar transporte público.
Percepções de profissionais de enfermagem sobre humanização do parto em ambiente hospitalar
Authors: Ferreira Mariana Cavalcante , Monteschio Lorenna Viccentine Coutinho , Teston Elen Ferraz , Oliveira Lidiaine , Serafim Deise , Marcon Sonia Silva
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: compreender as percepções de profissionais de enfermagem quanto à humanização do parto. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida com 20 profissionais de enfermagem de hospital universitário. Dados coletados por meio da observação não participante e entrevista semiestruturada, áudio gravado, guiada pela questão norteadora: como você percebe a humanização do parto no contexto do seu trabalho? As entrevistas foram transcritas na íntegra e submetidas à análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: emergiram as categorias: Significados atribuídos à humanização do parto e Aspectos dificultadores da humanização do parto. Conclusão: os profissionais ressaltaram as ações realizadas que refletem na humanização do parto, mas destacaram as dificuldades relacionadas às questões estruturais e de recursos que refletem negativamente na qualidade da assistência prestada, além de transferirem a responsabilidade de melhoria do serviço, que é de todos, somente aos gestores.
Association between emotional regulation and family support with quality of life of women with cervical cancer
Authors: Sagitarini Putu Noviana , Yuliyatni Putu Cintya Denny , Wulanyani Ni Made Swasti
Published: September 2019

Background and purpose: Cervical cancer ranks third globally and ranks second in Indonesia for all cancers in women. Women with cervical cancer experience physical and psychological disorders that can affect their quality of life. This study aims to determine the association between emotional regulation and family support with the quality of life of women with cervical cancer.Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in April 2018 at the Sanglah Hospital Obstetric Clinic. The study samples were chosen consecutively and consisted of 100 women with cervical cancer who underwent outpatient care. Data was collected using questionnaires filled in by the respondents and from the patient's medical records. Bivariate analysis was conducted with chi square test and multivariate with logistic regression.Results: The results showed that emotional regulation and family support were found to be significantly related to the quality of life of women with cervical cancer, each with AOR=17.64; 95%CI: 3.01-103.46; p=0.001 and AOR=11.28; 95%CI: 1.88-67.78; p=0.008.Conclusion: Emotional regulation and family support are related to the quality of life of women with cervical cancer. Efforts to improve emotional regulation and family support for patients should be carried out to improve their quality of life.
Time of colostrum discharge of more than six hours as a risk factor for physiological jaundice in neonates
Authors: Muliawati Ni Kadek , Windiani I Gusti Ayu Trisna , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung , Ani Luh Seri
Published: September 2019

Background and purpose: Neonatal jaundice is both a physiological and pathological condition. Neonatal physiological jaundice occurs within 3-5 days after the baby is born. Publications about colostrum and neonatal jaundice are still limited. This study aims to determine the risk of the onset of colostrum discharge of more than 6 hours to physiological jaundice in neonates.Methods: A case control study was conducted at the Sanglah General Hospital in Denpasar from August to December 2017. The number of cases was 55 neonates with physiological jaundice and the number of controls was 55 neonates without physiological jaundice. Cases and controls were selected by consecutive sampling. The occurrence of physiological jaundice was obtained by direct observation and the degree of jaundice was determined based on the division of Kramer's body zone. Neonates with the Kramer grades I and II at the age of 3-5 days were classified as experiencing physiological jaundice (as cases) and neonates with a Kramer grade of 0 at the age of 3-5 days were classified as not jaundice (as controls). Cases were matched with controls by sex and age of the neonates. Data on maternal socio-demographic characteristics, onset of colostrum discharge, early breastfeeding initiation and 24-hour breastfeeding frequency were obtained by interview; data on jaundice was obtained by observation while mode of delivery, parity, history of pre-eclampsia, prematurity, neonatal birth weight, history of birth trauma (cephalic hematoma), history of asphyxia and major congenital abnormalities were obtained from medical records. Multivariate analysis with binary logistic regression was carried out to determine the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of the onset of colostrum discharge.Results: The characteristics of cases and controls were found to be similar in terms of maternal education, neonatal age and sex, parity and pre-eclampsia history. Significant outset of colostrum >6 hours was found to be associated with physiological jaundice with AOR=2.57 (95%CI: 1.04-6.37). In this study, variables that were not found to be the risk factors of physiological jaundice in neonates were: cesarean delivery (AOR=0.36; 95%CI: 0.09-1.41; p=0.14), breastfeeding frequency within 24 hours (AOR=2.20; 95%CI: 0.47-10.23; p=0.31) and early breastfeeding initiation (AOR=0.71; 95%CI: 0.19-2.59; p=0.60)Conclusion: Onset of colostrum discharge >6 hours is a risk factor for neonatal jaundice. Efforts should be made to accelerate the release of colostrum in order to prevent neonatal jaundice.
CHẤT LƯỢNG NƯỚC KHU VỰC BIỂN VEN BỜ TỈNH NINH BÌNH
Authors: Trang Cao Thi Thu , Thao Nguyen Van , Kha Pham Thịi , Nam Le Van , Bach Nguyen Van , Ha Nguyen Thi Thu
Published: September 2019

This paper presents the results of investigation on water quality in Ninh Binh coastal area in 2015. The results show that the risk quotient of water quality of the area was 0.34, indicating the water was safe for aquatic life. However, for individual water quality parameter, the coastal water of Ninh Binh was contaminated by TSS, ammonium and arsenic; water faced the risk of deficiency of dissolved oxygen. The remaining water quality parameters (nitrite, phosphate, cyanide, oil and grease, coliform, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg and organochlorinated pesticides) are safe for aquatic life. As spatial distribution, the concentration of pollutants in water is lower at depth > 15 m. In the rainy season, the water quality tends to decrease compared to the dry season.
Theoretical basis for reasonable population distribution in Tho Chu archipelago
Authors: Huong Le Van , Khanh Nguyen Ngoc , Nhung Nguyen Thu , Hoang Phi Thi Thu , Hai Pham Hoang
Published: September 2019

Tho Chu archipelago is one of administrative units of Kien Giang province, Hon Nhan- one of its islands - is selected to become A1 base point of baseline for Vietnam territorial waters. If Tho Chau district is established, it will contribute to identifying sovereignty of Vietnam Southwest sea area following the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, creating favourable conditions for islands’ socio-economic development, developing culture, enhancing effects of administration work and life quality of population in this island, firmly protecting sea border, securing island and sea sovereignty… However, the establishment of Tho Chu district appears in the context of streamlining administrative apparatus and limitation of capital for infrastructure construction in district level. This article focuses on the analysis of some factors affecting a reasonable population distribution in order to meet the requirement of building the Tho Chu into a district-level administrative unit in Kien Giang province.
Effectiveness of day care in supporting family caregivers of people with dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Maffioletti Virgínia Lúcia Reis , Baptista Maria Alice Tourinho , Santos Raquel Luiza , Rodrigues Valeska Marinho , Dourado Marcia Cristina Nascimento
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT Day care (DC) provides a break in daily care as a support strategy for family caregivers (FC) of people with dementia (PwD). Objective: to analyze the support strategies used by the DC for FC, their methodological and theoretical models, as well as the respective benefits for FC burden, coping strategies and quality of life. Methods: a systematic review following the Prisma methodology was performed on PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus and SciELO electronic databases in August, 2018. The search keywords were “day care”, “dementia” or Alzheimer disease, “caregiver”, “quality of life” and “psychological adaptation”. Results: twenty-one studies were included. No randomized controlled trials were found. The provision of education, counseling and support, access to information, the professionals' expertise and the quality of their relationship with DC users were highlighted by caregivers. Compared to standard programs centering on PwD, the integrated program focused on PwD and FC activities showed increased feelings of competence and self-confidence of FC to postpone institutionalization. Heterogeneity in the structure and organization of the DC programs, intervention strategies and theoretical basis was observed. Conclusion: Integrated programs are a promising approach that addresses the needs and demands of PwD and their FC in a multidimensional manner.
Executive function in systemic arterial hypertension: A systematic review
Authors: Moraes Natália Cristina , Aprahamian Ivan , Yassuda Mônica Sanches
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) may be associated with worse cognitive performance, especially in tasks that evaluate the executive functions (EF). Objective: we aimed to review the evidence regarding which components of executive functions are most affected in adults with SAH. Methods: this systematic review used the PRISMA statement for searching Pubmed, Scielo and Lilacs databases with the keywords “executive function OR executive functioning AND hypertension”. Results: EF tasks were divided into shifting, inhibitory control and updating. A total of 9 cross-sectional and 3 longitudinal studies were selected. Only 3 studies did not report worse performance among SAH patients on EF tasks when compared to normotensive controls. The measures of shifting and inhibitory control were the most frequently investigated and reported as altered among SAH individuals, assessed mainly by the Stroop Test and Trail-Making Test part B, respectively. Conclusion: inhibitory control and shifting are the EF components most influenced by SAH. The results of this review may contribute to the devising of hypotheses about mechanisms underlying these cognitive impairments.
Dietary total antioxidant capacity as a preventive factor against depression in climacteric women
Authors: Oliveira Natiani Gonçalves de , Teixeira Iranice Taís , Theodoro Heloísa , Branco Catia Santos
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT Depression is characterized by physical or psychological distress and in many cases can lead to suicide. Objective: to assess the prevalence of depression and its possible relationship with dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and nutritional parameters in climacteric women participating in an extension university program in a Southern Brazilian city. Methods: data were obtained through questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. Diet was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess the intensity of symptoms of depression. Results: DTAC of the population ranged from 435.60 to 4502.62 mg VCE/day. Among the most consumed antioxidant food/beverages, coffee ranked highest. Polyphenols were found to be directly linked to the antioxidant capacity of fresh foods (r=0.905; p=0.0001). Prevalence of depression in the population was 44%, and depressed women had lower intake levels of polyphenols (p=0.022; Cohen's d=0.80), and vitamin B6 (p=0.038; Cohen's d=0.65), vitamin A (p=0.044; Cohen's d =0.63), and vitamin C (p=0.050; Cohen's d =0.61). There was a significant negative correlation between BDI scores and polyphenol intake (r=-0.700; p=0.002). Conclusion: these results may contribute to a better understanding of the recommended dietary antioxidant intake as an adjuvant for preventing depression in women.
Driving and Alzheimer's disease: A neuropsychological screening battery for the elderly
Authors: Crivelli Lucía , Russo María Julieta , Farez Mauricio Franco , Bonetto Mariana , Prado Cecilia , Calandri Ismael Luis , Campos Jorge , Cohen Gabriela , Méndez Patricio Chrem , Sabe Liliana Raquel , Allegri Ricardo Francisco
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT As life expectancy increases, there is a marked increase in the elderly population eager to continue driving. A large proportion of these elderly drive safely, however, patients with mild dementia are high-risk drivers. Objective: to identify the cognitive tests that best predict driving ability in subjects with mild dementia. Methods: 28 drivers with mild dementia and 28 healthy elderly subjects underwent an extensive cognitive assessment (NACC Uniform Data Set Neuropsychological Battery), completed an adapted On Road Driving Test (ORDT) and a Driving Simulator assessment. Results: drivers with mild dementia made more mistakes on the ORDT and had slower responses in the simulator tasks. Cognitive tests correlated strongly with on road and simulator driving performance. Age, the Digit Symbol Modalities Test and Boston Naming Test scores were the variables that best predicted performance on the ORDT and were included in a logistic regression model. Conclusion: the strong correlation between driving performance and performance on specific cognitive tests supports the importance of cognitive assessment as a useful tool for deciding whether patients with mild dementia can drive safely. The algorithm including these three variables could be used as a screening tool for the detection of unsafe driving in elderly subjects with cognitive decline.
Frequency and associated factors of amnestic mild cognitive impairment at four senior citizen clubs in Lima, Peru
Authors: Sánchez Sofía S. , Abanto Jesus , Sanchez-Boluarte Arantxa , Boluarte-Carbajal Alicia , Sanchez-Coronel Danilo , Custodio-Capuñay Nilton , Samalvides-Cuba Frine
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is a subtle alteration in cognitive function that does not affect day-to-day activities and can precede Alzheimer's dementia. An increase in the prevalence of both these conditions is expected given the growing elderly population and recognizing risk factors can help reduce the burden. Objective: the aim of this study was to determine the frequency and associated factors of aMCI in senior citizen clubs (SCC) at four districts with different socioeconomic status in Lima, Peru. Methods: we applied Petersen's criteria to determine the presence of the condition in an interview which included the use of the Memory Alteration Test (M@T) and the Pfeffer Functional Activity Questionnaire (PFAQ). Results: sixty-three out of 352 (17.9%) participants had aMCI. Factors associated with this condition were older age, fewer years of education at marriage whereas being from the SCC La Molina (district with highest socioeconomic status and resources for activities for the elderly) were associated with not having aMCI. There was no difference for sex, body mass index or history of hypertension. Conclusion: this predementia stage is frequent and usually undetected in urban Lima. Tools such as the M@T could help general practitioners detect this condition before its progression to dementia.
Subjective cognitive impairment, cognitive disorders and self-perceived health: The importance of the informant
Authors: Almeida Mariana Luciano de , Dalpubel Daniela , Ribeiro Estela Barbosa , Oliveira Eduardo Schneider Bueno de , Ansai Juliana Hotta , Vale Francisco Assis Carvalho
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT There is great divergence of results in the literature regarding the clinical relevance and etiology of subjective cognitive impairment (SCI). Currently, SCI is studied as a pre-clinical symptom of Alzheimer's disease, before establishing a possible diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The hypothesis was that SCI is associated with low cognitive performance and poor self-perceived health. Objective: to investigate the relationship of SCI with objective cognitive impairment and self-perceived health in older individuals and to compare SCI reported by the elderly subjects and by their respective informants. Methods: 83 subjects participated in the study, divided between the forms of the Memory Complaint Scale (MCS). Cognition was evaluated by the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination - Revised and self-perceived health by the Short Form Health Survey-8. Results: there was no association between SCI and self-perceived health. SCI reported by the older adults was associated with executive functions. SCI reported by the informant was associated with overall cognitive performance, memory, verbal fluency and visuospatial functions. Conclusion: we found more robust results between SCI reported by the informant and cognitive impairment in the elderly assessed. There is a need to include and value the perception of someone who knows the older individual well enough to evaluate SCI globally.
Franz Nissl (1860-1919), noted neuropsychiatrist and neuropathologist, staining the neuron, but not limiting it
Authors: Gomes Marleide da Mota
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT Franz Alexander Nissl carried out studies on mental and nervous disorders, as a clinician, but mainly as a pathologist, probably the most important of his time. He recognized changes in glial cells, blood elements, blood vessels and brain tissue in general, achieving this by using a special blue stain he himself developed - Nissl staining, while still a medical student. However, he did not accept the neuron theory supported by the new staining methods developed by Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramón y Cajal. Nissl had worked with the crème de la crème of German neuropsychiatry, including Alois Alzheimer, besides Emil Kraepelin, Korbinian Brodmann and Walther Spielmeyer. He became (1904), Kraepelin's successor as Professor of Psychiatry and Director of the Psychiatric Clinic, in Heidelberg. Moreover, in 1918, the year before Nissl´s death, Kraepelin offered him a research position as head of the Histopathology Department of the newly founded “Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Psychiatrie” of the Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, in Munich.
A personalidade jurídica das pessoas coletivas: evolução dogmática
Authors: Ramalho Joaquim
Published: September 2019

Resumo O estudo da personalidade jurídica, nomeadamente a das pessoas coletivas, apresenta uma enorme relevância jurídica atual e foi alvo de debate ao longo da história do pensamento jurídico nacional e internacional. Contudo, a natureza da pessoa coletiva sempre dividiu a doutrina, havendo autores que, indevidamente, chegam a negar a existência de uma personalidade coletiva, enquanto instituto autónomo. Correspondendo a personalidade jurídica à aptidão para ser titular autónomo de relações jurídicas e sendo sujeitos de Direito aqueles entes que são susceptíveis de serem titulares de direitos e de obrigações, logo as pessoas coletivas também devem ser consideradas como sujeitos de Direito. Deste modo, procura-se, no presente artigo, analisar o percurso histórico da personalidade jurídica das pessoas coletivas no Direito Português, até chegar à definição na atualidade, em que é vista como uma organização constituída por um agrupamento de pessoas ou por um complexo patrimonial, com o objetivo da prossecução de um interesse comum.
Compaction behavior of nonwoven geotextile-reinforced clay
Authors: Nguyen M.-D. , Yang K.-H. , Yalew W. M.
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a series of compaction tests for investigating the compaction behavior of nonwoven geotextile-reinforced clay and the effects of permeable geotextiles on improvements in the density of reinforced clay. Specimens were compacted by varying the compaction energy, number of geotextile layers and compaction lift thickness. The compaction test results were analyzed from the pure soil between the reinforcement layers without including the thickness of embedded reinforcement layers. The test results indicate that the density of reinforced clay increased with the number of geotextile layers without significant changes in the optimum moisture content (OMC). Due to the reinforcing effect, up to 50% standard compaction energy could be saved when compacting the reinforced clay to achieve the same density as that of unreinforced clay. When the degree of saturation of soil was over 90%, water absorption in the reinforcement layers increased sharply, improving the effects of permeable geotextile on dissipation of the pore water pressure in the soil of the reinforced specimens. When the water content of reinforced soil was 6.7% higher than the OMC, the water absorption of the reinforcement layers reduced the void ratio of reinforced specimens under standard compaction energy by 4.5–5.5%.
Procurement strategies influencing small and medium contractor development in South Africa
Authors: Windapo Abimbola , Olugboyega Oluseye , Adediran Abdulrauf
Published: September 2019

In South Africa, the post-apartheid regime offers small and medium enterprise (SME) construction firms opportunities to develop through targeted procurement strategies. However, there are limited studies that determine the level of the relationships between the procurement strategies and the development of SME construction firms. Hence, this study investigated whether there is a variation in the effect of procurement strategies on the development of SME construction firms. A quantitative research approach was employed in collecting data from 176 SME construction firms in South Africa. The data collected were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling, mean item scores and the Kruskal–Wallis test. The findings revealed that there is a relationship between procurement strategies and the socio-economic development of specific classes of SME construction firms in South Africa. The study also found that there is a slight mismatch between procurement strategy and SME development outcomes for different SME sizes. It was concluded that the achievement of SME development has little to do with preferences or the use of specific procurement strategies. The study recommends that public-sector clients should not entirely treat SMEs as a homogenous block when using traditional project procurement. Further studies that examine how different characteristics of SMEs influence SME development are recommended.
What are the Price Effects of Trade? Evidence from the U.S. and Implications for Quantitative Trade Models
Authors: Jaravel Xavier , Sager Erick
Published: September 2019

This paper finds that U.S. consumer prices fell substantially due to increased trade with China. With comprehensive price micro-data and two complementary identification strategies, we estimate that a 1pp increase in import penetration from China causes a 1.91% decline in consumer prices. This price response is driven by declining markups for domestically-produced goods, and is one order of magnitude larger than in standard trade models that abstract from strategic price-setting. The estimates imply that trade with China increased U.S. consumer surplus by about $400,000 per displaced job, and that product categories catering to low-income consumers experienced larger price declines.
Bottom-up Leading Macroeconomic Indicators: An Application to Non-Financial Corporate Defaults using Machine Learning
Authors: Pike Tyler , Sapriza Horacio , Zimmermann Tom
Published: September 2019

This paper constructs a leading macroeconomic indicator from microeconomic data using recent machine learning techniques. Using tree-based methods, we estimate probabilities of default for publicly traded non-financial firms in the United States. We then use the cross-section of out-of-sample predicted default probabilities to construct a leading indicator of non-financial corporate health. The index predicts real economic outcomes such as GDP growth and employment up to eight quarters ahead. Impulse responses validate the interpretation of the index as a measure of financial stress.
Okun Revisited: Who Benefits Most from a Strong Economy?
Authors: Wascher William L. , Aaronson Stephanie R. , Daly Mary C. , Wilcox David W.
Published: September 2019

Previous research has shown that the labor market experiences of less advantaged groups are more cyclically sensitive than the labor market experiences of more advantaged groups; in other words, less advantaged groups experience a high-beta version of the aggregate fluctuations in the labor market. For example, when the unemployment rate of whites increases by 1 percentage point, the unemployment rates of African Americans and Hispanics rise by well more than 1 percentage point, on average. This behavior is observed across other labor-market indicators, and is roughly reversed when the unemployment rate declines. We update this work to include the post-Great Recession period and extend the analysis to consider whether these high-beta relationships change when the labor market is especially tight. We find suggestive evidence that when the labor market is already strong, a further increment of strengthening provides a modest extra benefit to some disadvantaged groups, relative to earlier in the labor-market cycle. In addition, we provide preliminary evidence suggesting that these gains are somewhat persistent for African Americans and women.
Prototipe Deteksi PEN dalam Tubuh Menggunakan B-Mode Ultrasonic Scanning
Authors: Prianto Chandra Edy , Gunawan Agus Indra , Tamami Niam
Published: September 2019

Internal fixation is a method of healing fractures by connecting them using metal called pen. Pen metal in the body isn’t permanent, when the bone was strong the pen must be removed to avoid infection. In finding the pen, X-Ray are usually used. But X-Ray has bad effect, so not everyone is allowed to use it. The solution given by make prototype to detect pen location using B-Mode ultrasonic scanning method, it uses 5MHz single transducerultrasonic. Objects measurement is the animal bones connected with metals placed in the jelly with different heights. From the two transducers, the concave surface transducer has a better result and smaller percentage error than the flat surface transducer. The concave surface transducer has a focal length area 1.94cm above the transducer surface. The maximum slope angle of the object is 20o, which more than that makes the echo signal unreadable the object.The measurement results of objects displayed in the B-Mode 1 dimensional on PC that displays the structure of the bottom surface of an object, based on comparison between the actual object and the B-Mode display an error less than 6%, meaning B-Mode can represent the surface structure bottom of the actual object.
The Bethesda system for reporting of thyroid cytopathology and its category wise management
Authors: Gupta Varun , Singh Pooja
Published: September 2019

Background: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of thyroid is a rapid diagnostic test for thyroid nodules. The Bethesda system classifies thyroid FNAC into six categories. Each category is linked to a malignancy risk and has recommended clinical management. The aim of this study was to analyze the thyroid cytology smears by Bethesda system and to assess the frequency of various categories and to correlate it previous published studies. Category wise management is also discussed in detail.Methods: A total of 388 thyroid FNAC samples were examined from January 2017 to June 2018 in the Department of Pathology, in Medanta- The Medicity Gurugram.Results: A total of 388 cases were reported according to Bethesda system of reporting. Categories were as follows: I (14.69%), II (61.85%), III (11.34%), IV (2.57%), V (2.660%), VI (4.91%) nodules.Conclusions: The Bethesda System for reporting thyroid cytopathology proved to be an excellent reporting system and it puts clinician and the cytopathologist on the same page and easier to communicate regarding diagnosis.
Prevalence and epidemiological aspect of dengue fever in western Rajasthan in year 2018
Authors: Kothari Varun , Rathore Laxmi , Khatri P. K. , Meena Saroj
Published: September 2019

Background: Dengue fever (DF) is a common mosquito borne disease caused by dengue virus and is transmitted by Aedes mosquito. It is one of the major public health problems in India which affects all levels of society, but the burden of disease is a higher in poor people who live together in communities.  Aim of present study is aimed to assess the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of cases of DF in  Tertiary Care Hospitals in Jodhpur, Rajasthan.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in all cases of DF registered in the associated group of Hospitals of Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. Rapid immune-chromatographic card test and MAC ELISA test method was used to detect dengue non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen and dengue immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in the Viral Research Diagnostic Laboratory (VRDL) of Department of Microbiology, Dr. S.N. Medical College to confirm the diagnosis. Results: Out of 2701 patients, 541 patients were tested serologically positive for DF (NS1, IgM). The highest number of suspected cases (1061) was reported in the month of October, 2018 out of whom 228 were positive. Maximum number of dengue cases reported were males belonging to 31-40 years age group from urban area. Fever was the main complaint in all the cases followed by vomiting, headache, and abdominal pain.Conclusion: Dengue is one of the major public health problems in India. A large number of cases are reported in the monsoon and post-monsoon period in the months from  September to December. Measures can be taken both at personal and government level to reduce morbidity and mortality from dengue.
Correlation between ABO blood groups and body mass index among medical students
Authors: M. Shehin , V. Basila
Published: September 2019

Background: ABO blood groups are associated with certain diseases. The present study seeks to find out if there is any association between ABO blood groups and body mass index.Methods: The present study involves 150 medical students, 105 boys and 45 girls in the age group of 18-23 years in the Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Sambalpur. Height in meters and weight in kg were taken by stadiometer and weighing machine. BMI was calculated using formula BMI=weight in kg/height in m2 . Blood groups were determined by slide agglutination method. The data was analyzed through SPSS 20.Results: Overweight and obesity was found more prevalent in boys than girls. In total, 20.7% students were overweight (21% boys and 20% girls). The same trend was found in obesity.  15.3% of total students were obese (16.2% boys and 13.3% girls). Blood group B was reported the most common blood groups (42%) followed by blood group O (28%), while blood groups A and AB were found 18.7% and 11.3% of participants, respectively. The prevalence of overweight (BMI 25-29.9) among participants based on blood group O, A, AB and B was 23.8%, 22.2%, 21.4% and 5.9%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity (BMI >30) among participants based on blood groups AB, B, A and O was 23.5%, 17.5%, 14.3% and 9.5%, respectively.Conclusions: Prevalence of overweight and obesity was more in blood group O and AB respectively and was more in males than females.
Fungal infections in patients with chronic liver disease: mortality and associated risk factors
Authors: Rasool Shahid , Babar Ahmad N. , Shafquat Umair , Azhar Salman , Khan Rizwan R.
Published: September 2019

Background: Patients with chronic liver disease are immunocompromised and prone to different opportunistic infections. Fungal infections in patients admitted with liver cirrhosis are not rare and they may increase mortality and morbidity of these patients. Aims of the study is to determine the mortality and its risk factors associated with fungal infections in patients with chronic liver disease.Methods: In this retrospective study, patients admitted with chronic liver disease during the last four years on this hospital were studied for diagnosed fungal infections. A matched control group of cirrhosis patients with a ratio of 1:2 admitted without fungal infections was also studied and mortality was compared between the two groups.Results: Seventy admitted patients of liver cirrhosis with microbial and histopathological evidence of fungal infection were found while 140 patients of the control group had no evidence of fungal infection. Hepatitis C virus infection was the major cause of cirrhosis (65%) and most of the patients were in child class C(63%). Urinary tract infection, esophageal candidiasis, and mucormycosis were major fungal infections. Mortality was much higher in the fungal infections group (34.3%) as compared to the non-infectious group (16%). On multivariate analysis, high WBCs count, hypo-albuminemia and high creatinine levels were the worst factors affecting mortality.Conclusions: Fungal infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Advanced cirrhosis, renal insufficiency, and leucocytosis are independent predictors of fatal outcome in these patients.
HISTORIC EVENT AS AN INTERSECTION POINT OF DISCURSIVE FORMATIONS
Authors: Malysheva M. S.
Published: September 2019

The article looks at cognitive and pragmatic means of language naming units which take place in discursive and communicative human activities (based on journalistic the articles of the website of the newspaper Komsomolskaya pravda (Baranec V. Senior lieutenant Rashid Aryapov unravels mystery of Russian submarine Kursk disaster, Baranec V. Mystery of Russian submarine Kursk disaster uncovered, yet Russians kept in the dark), the analytical article of the website of the magazine Voennoe Obozrenie (Boval V. The Russian submarine Kursk disaster Battlefield observations), historical the series of Shigins books (Shigin V.V. The Kursk Ballistic missile submarine. 10 years later. Facts and theories, Shigin V.V. The Kursk Ballistic missile submarine disaster. Afterword, Shigin V.V. The Russian submarine Kursk disaster. Unknown chapters of history) and poetic (the poem of the Belgorodian poet I.A. Chernukhin The submarine Kursk. August 2000) discursive texts. Special attention is primarily given to the 2000 Kursk submarine disaster which serves as a main source of discursive formations as well as explores their role and functions in secondary naming units which are described in the article. The study was based on various texts of discursive formations, such as journalistic articles and interviews, historical documentaries and memorials as well as a collection of poems by a Belgorodian poet I.A. Chernukhin. The main purpose of the article is to establish various intersection points of discursive formations for describing specific historic events. Research problems are determination of the main categories of a text historical event, the main forms of expression of a text historical event, conditions of a transposition of a historical event in various discourse formations, identification of ways of a transposition of a historical event in different types the discourse formations. In the field of our attention there was a representation of a historical event in texts of a publicistic, historical and poetic discourse. In this context the strategy elected by authors for creation of an image of a historical event in a concrete discourse formation were considered.
SPECIFICS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF GENETICALLY CORRELATED PRE-SLAVIC REFLEXES IN THE FIRST PETITION OF AVVAKUM
Authors: Mironova E. A.
Published: September 2019

The period of church reforms of the middle of the XVII century is one of the important stages in the development of the Church Slavonic language, in which the norm stabilizes as a result of editing and printing of liturgical texts, and the Russian literary language in the new conditions of correlation with the Church Slavonic language and expansion of its own borders. Textual approach allows to determine the main directions of changes in the systems of these languages. Genetically correlated reflexes of the Slavonic diphthongic combinations are the diagnostic signs of the East Slavic and South Slavic languages. Multiple-editions of the First petition of Archpriest Avvakum chosen for study. The analysis shows that the full-voice / non-full-voice vocabulary recorded in the message is represented mainly by South Slavic correlates, with different preferences for equivalents of correlative pairs of the -глад-/-голод-. The implementation of heterogeneous reflexes * dj as a whole corresponds to the Old Russian manuscript tradition and suggests that the strengthening of the South Slavic жд is not the result of the so-called second South Slavic influence period, but is determined by editing of the church literature of the XVII century. Against a wide background of the South Slavic designation of the suffixes of real participles of the present tense, the realization of reflexes *tj is genetically diverse, which causes the emergence of transplants of the type тружающiися. Editorial editing of the First petition in the XVIII and XIX centuries was directed towards strengthening the realization of the South Slavic-derived reflexes. Each of the analyzed groups creates a complex pattern of implementation of genetically correlated reflexes, which leads to a heterogeneous genetic background of the text, including due to the content of the First petition, close to The Life of the Archpriest Avvakum by Himself.
Violência estatal e paraestatal no Brasil contemporâneo
Authors: Bernardes Franciani , Ferraz Ana Targina Rodrigues
Published: September 2019

O presente número, por meio de seus artigos, trata do que parece ser a substância das relações entre as classes sociais no Brasil desde sua formação. Ou a substância das relações sociais na sociedade capitalista, em que os chamados Estados democráticos de direito ocultam, como uma fantasia, a natureza inerentemente violenta da expropriação e da exploração do capital sobre o trabalho e sobre a natureza.
Nutritional needs during disasters
Authors: Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Sadeghi Ghotbabadi Farzaneh , Moghtader Fatemeh
Published: September 2019

This article is an Editorial and does not include an Abstract.