bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poverty Mapping And Poverty Analysis In Indonesia
Authors: Sari Deffi Ayu Puspito , Kawashima Shigekazu
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

This paper analyzes poverty-related data in Indonesia at regency and city level. First, poverty mapping is carried out at disaggregated levels by regency or city to visually identify the prevalence of poverty. Second, the relationship between consumption-based poverty and capability-based poverty is examined using principal component regression. This approach clarifies the influence of basic needs availability and other poverty characteristics on consumption-based poverty. Poverty rate, poverty gap and severity poverty are scattered in all regencies and cities, showing the tendency that poverty indices are higher and more severe in eastern islands of the country compared to other regions. In addition to food expenditure, the basic needs and working sector are closely related to consumption-based poverty. The toilet availability, access to safe water and public health services and education, often measured as the dimensions of capability based poverty, are very important to have bearing on consumption-based poverty. To reduce severity of poverty, safe water access is especially the most important factor among other public health variables. Severity poverty also turns out to be correlated with education variables. Completion of elementary and higher education is negatively correlated with severity poverty and more important than food expenditures.
Metode Peramalan Produksi Teh Berdasarkan Luas Areal Tanam Tahun Sebelumnya
Authors: Rosyadi Achmad Imron
Published: February 2017

Abstrak

Peramalan produksi di masa mendatang adalah sangat penting, sehubungan dengan perencanaan pembiayaan, pendapatan, pemasaran dan sebagainya. Tulisan ini mengajukan suatu metode peramalan berdasarkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi seperti luas areal, iklim, jenis klon, tingkat kesuburan tanah, pemangkasan dan kegiatan perluasan/peremajaan dengan beberapa ansumsi tertentu. Penerapan metode ini secara matematik telah dicobakan untuk meramalkan produksi teh. Hasilnya produksi teh Indonesia akan naik 0.96 persen per tahun dalam priode 1981-85. Pada priode yang sama diramalkan produksi teh rakyat, swasta dan PN/PT masing-masing naik 3.18 persen; 2.16 persen dan -0.32 persen.
Fungsi Respons dan Fungsi Permintaan Tenaga Kerja: Analisa Mikro Jangka Pendek untuk Tanarnan Padi di Pedesaan Jawa Barat
Authors: Sawit M. Husein
Published: February 2017

Abstrak

Dalam tulisan ini akan diperlihatkan tentang adanya pengaruh positif harga padi terhadap produksinya dan permintaan tenaga kerja. Angka-angka elastisitas respons dan permintaan tenaga kerja diperoleh dari model fungsi keuntungan (the UOP Profit function) Cobb Douglas. Jumlah variabel yang dicari adalah amat terbatas yaitu tenaga kerja sebagai masukan variabel (variable input), sedangkan luas usahatani dan kapital lancar (seperti pupuk, bibit, obat-obatan, dan lain-lain) dianggap tetap dalam jangka pendek. Angka elastisitas respons produksi gabah terhadap harganya, upah, kapital dan tanah masing-masing sebesar 0,31; -0,31; 0,14 dan 0,75. Elastisitas permintaan tenaga kerja terhadap harga gabah sebesar 1,31. Walaupun angka elastisitas respon harga gabah adalah inelastis, akan tetapi kebijaksanaan harga gabah masih punya dampak positif tidak saja terhadap peningkatan produksi tapi juga terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di desa.
Церебральна атрофія при хворобі малих судин головного мозку
Authors: Mishchenko T.S. , Nikishkova I.M. , Mishchenko V.M. , Kutikov D.O.
Published: February 2017

Статтю присвячено дослідженню ймовірності розвитку церебральної атрофії (ЦА) за МРТ-маркерами хвороби малих судин (ХМС) мозку. Під час ретроспективного когортного дослідження даних 308 пацієнтів віком від 50 до 85 років із ХМС мозку ознаки ЦА було виявлено у 60 % хворих, з переважанням серед чоловіків (р = 0,00001), при цьому ЦА не була пов’язаною з віком пацієнтів, але була опосередковано асоційованою з ХМС мозку. За якістю маркерів ХМС мозку ЦА найтісніше була пов’язаною з лейкоареозом (р < 0,0001), а за кількістю — з комбінацією будь-яких 3 або 4 маркерів (р < 0,0001). Визначення ефективності різних підходів у прогнозі ризику розвитку ЦА за маркерами хвороби шляхом порівняльного аналізу 4 різних дизайнів показало, що використання розробленої нами логіт-моделі з чутливістю у 90,09 % та специфічністю у 97,17 % є найбільш адекватним способом встановлення ймовірності церебральних атрофічних змін при ХМС мозку.
Вплив препарату Білобіл інтенс на функціональний стан центральної нервової системи у хворих похилого віку, які перенесли ішемічний інсульт
Authors: Kuznetsova S.M. , Shulzhenco D.V. , Kuznetsov V.V.
Published: February 2017

У статті надано клініко-інструментальний аналіз впливу препарату Білобіл інтенс на функціональний стан центральної нервової системи у хворих похилого віку, які перенесли ішемічний інсульт (у ранній відновний період). Відзначається позитивний вплив препарату на загальний стан хворих, когнітивні функції, неврологічний статус, якість життя, соціально-побутову адаптацію, також відбувається гармонізація структури біоелектричної активності головного мозку і поліпшення церебральної гемодинаміки, що дає авторам підставу рекомендувати включення препарату Білобіл інтенс до системи комплексної медикаментозної реабілітації хворих, які перенесли ішемічний інсульт.
Фармакотерапія постінсультної депресії
Authors: Tsiurko B.O. , Pelepeichenko A.Yu. , Raskalei D.V. , Kaliuzhnyi G.V. , Makhinia O.V.
Published: February 2017

Статтю присвячено проблемі постінсультної депресії. Депресія ускладнює перебіг інсульту, уповільнює відновлення порушених функцій, погіршує соціальну адаптацію, знижує якість життя. У зв’язку з цим медикаментозна терапія депресії повинна розглядатися як складова частина процесу реабілітації. Вибір антидепресанту повинен бути індивідуальним і базуватися на клінічній оцінці стану пацієнта. Згідно з рекомендаціями FDA одним з оптимальних антидепресантів для лікування пацієнтів із постінсультною депресією є тразодон. Він має мультимодальну дію — пригнічує зворотне захоплення серотоніну і блокує серотонінові рецептори 2-го типу, що забезпечує більш сприятливий профіль безпеки в порівнянні з селективними інгібіторами зворотного захоплення серотоніну.
Герпетичний енцефаліт у дітей
Authors: Zakordonets L.V. , Lytvynenko N.G. , Kramarov S.O. , Neskhodovska O.V. , Korol B.R. , Panchenko V.S. , Nebasuy V.V. , Chemerkina N.V. , Ayriyants I.A.
Published: February 2017

В статті описані етіологія, патогенез, клініка, діагностика та лікування герпетичних енцефалітів. Наведені дані власних спостережень за дітьми з герпетичним енцефалітом. Рання діагностика захворювання з використанням ацикловіру значно покращує перебіг хвороби та знижує летальність.
Сучасні аспекти легеневого мікобактеріозу (аналітичний огляд)
Authors: Todoriko L.D. , Shevchenko O.S.
Published: February 2017

У статті наведений аналіз доступних джерел наукової літератури, присвячених сучасним аспектам легеневого мікобактеріозу (МБ). Захворюваність на мікобактеріоз становить 2,3 на 100 тис. населення, а легенева маніфестація спостерігається в 94 % випадків. Аналітичний огляд показав, що в клініці внутрішніх та інфекційних хвороб все частіше діагностуються різні варіанти мікобактеріозів, які свідчать про збільшення ролі атипових мікобактерій у формуванні патології респіраторної системи в людини. Констатовано, що мікробіологічному вивченню основних характеристик нетуберкульозних мікобактерій приділяється мало уваги. Зроблено висновок, що частіше за все мікобактеріози мають туберкульозоподібну картину клінічного перебігу й важко піддаються діагностиці, часто формують мікст-інфекції з туберкульозом; атипові мікобактерії характеризуються широким спектром стійкості та є потенційно патогенними для людини й тварин. Проаналізовані фактори ризику виникнення МБ, клінічні варіанти перебігу, сучасні методи діагностики та підходи до лікування залежно від перебігу. Показано, що лікування легеневих МБ є довгим, воно триває упродовж 12 місяців після отримання негативної культури мокротиння (часто конверсія відбувається за 3–6 місяців).
Distorted governance: A case of the municipal unit in South Africa
Authors: Ngcamu Bethuel Sibongiseni
Published: February 2017

Local government community participation units or departments ineffectively and inefficiently operate based on the directive from their political organisations instead of achieving the objectives of the municipality as per the Integrated Development Plan (IDP). This has resulted in the marginalisation of the local communities on their participation in municipal governance which also has been exacerbated by the employment of employees based on political competencies rather than the unit’s core business requirements. On the backdrop of the above, this study aims to reveal municipal operational hindrances that prevent local communities to participate effectively in the eThekwini Municipality governance as permitted by South African local government legislation. This stated background has necessitated the study to adopt a qualitative approach whereby non-standardized interviews were conducted by the researcher to the sample size of 23. The findings of the study were analysed using NVivo software (version 10). The study revealed an extreme percentage (39%) of activities performed by Community Participation and Action Support Unit (CP&AS) which were based on coordinating unclear activities. Whereas, 22% were on capacity development of local communities, 12% on communication with internal and external stakeholders, 8% on monitoring and evaluation, 5% on policies, and 3% on partnership with other departments and spheres of government and elected officials and research respectively. The unbalanced and unclear activities performed by the respondents will assist the municipal decision-makers to understand the core causes of poor service delivery as it lies on the failure of the municipal officials to concentrate on their core business. This study contributes to the decision-makers’ understanding of the implications of using the municipal resources to advance political activities, consequently disadvantaging the alleged indigent local communities. The clearly demarcated roles and responsibilities of municipal employees guided by the core business of the units with clear performance standards and expected output set could eliminate the politics-administration dichotomy.
The organisation of solfège pedagogy in Serbia from the second half of the 19th century until today - achievements and attainments
Authors: Parezanovic Kristina
Published: February 2017

This research focuses on the development of art music, music pedagogy and
teaching solf?ge in Serbia in the long period stretching from the second half
of the 19th century until the present day. In this article I present a
chronology of the institutionalisation of the music education system in
Serbia; then, I discuss the origins of the influence of Western European
artistic-pedagogical practices on Serbian teaching, through the testimonies
by Stevan Hristic, Berthold Hartmann, Miloje Milojevic, Stanislav Vinaver,
Milan Grol and others. I finish with the presentation of the most important
Serbian music pedagogues and their achievements in the period before World
War II (Stevan Stojanovic Mokranjac, Isidor Bajic, Miloje Milojevic, Miodrag
Vasiljevic) in parallel with the results and practices of the Western
European and global music pedagogy. My goal is to observe Serbian approaches
to music pedagogy in relation to the question of the possibilities, realistic
or hypothetical, to use the educational principles which were in expansion in
Europe at the end of the 19 th and beginning of the 20th centuries in Serbian
music pedagogy. After examining the methods of teaching solf?ge in the period
from the end of World War II until today, I conclude that Serbia has
developed its own pedagogic style (even though it is based on the
complementarity of several autochthonous and foreign methodical solutions),
built upon and supperted by the experience and knowledge of Serbian and
foreign attainments in music pedagogy.
Overcoming the crisis of tonality: The resemantized tonality of modernism
Authors: Teparic Srdjan
Published: February 2017

In this article I analyse the context and features of resemantized tonality,
historically linked with the first half of the 20th century. The renewed
interest in tonality occurred after the crisis of tonality - the system that
prevailed in music until its ?collapse? in the late 19th and early 20th
century. The consequence of the crisis was the emergence of atonality, as
well as different tonal idioms which are here collectively referred to as
?resemantized tonality?. This reaction led to a whole series of works based
on the concept of linguistic-stylistic resemantization in the context of
modernist expression. I will discuss some of the basic characteristics and
linguistic strategies of the resemantized tonality that have established it
as an autochthonous linguistic-grammatical system. Furthermore, I will
analyse two highly illustrative works: Sergei Prokofiev?s Symphony No. 1
Classical and Paul Hindemith?s cycle of solo songs The Life of Virgin Mary.
The place of ‘Russian music’ on the multicultural map of Europe
Authors: Piotrowska Anna
Published: February 2017

Both Russian and non-Russian composers and music critics willingly used the
notion of Russian exoticism to differentiate the Russian musical legacy from
the (western) European tradition, especially in the 19th century. At the same
time, various Russian musical practices were considered to be exotic in
Russia itself. In this article it is suggested that these two perceptions of
Russian music influenced each other, having an impact on the formation of
Russian national music. It is further claimed that Russian music served both
as an internal and external tool for defining the country?s musical culture
on the multicultural map of Europe.
The interpretation of classical music in Polish and Russian animation as a basis for creative dialogue
Authors: Bockareva Ol'ga
Published: February 2017

Animated musical film, lying at the intersection of the two creative worlds
and representing a dialogue between the musician and painter, is a living
process of the visual interpretation of the artistic image of a musical work.
A dialogue between the director of an animated film and the composer of a
musical masterpiece can take place only if there is intonational (term used
according to B. Asaf?ev?s writing) ?equalization? of the artistic and
validation determinants of merger-related, personal, emotional states. The
author emphasizes that within the artistic image of an animated film, the
inner essence of the ?I? is made on the basis of the artist?s expression, the
unity and consistency of color, sound, plastic solutions, coupled with deep
philosophical generalizations, cultural, and value-semantic in their nature.
The article provides examples of interpretations of classical music
masterpieces in animated films by Russian and Polish filmmakers.
Implementation of laser polishing for improving the surface quality of vacuum ion-plasma coatings
Authors: Plikhunov V. , Oreshkin O.
Published: February 2017

Improving the quality of coatings made by vacuum ion-plasma technology without material removal is often a difficult task. This article provides description of the implementation of laser polishing for reduction of the roughness of such coatings. Microhardness of coating and its adhsive and cohesive properties before and after laser polishing are also mentioned.
IDENTIFIKASI DAN KLASIFIKASI BAKTERI AMILOLITIK ISOLAT TG12, TG19, DAN TG31 PENYEBAB KEMASAMAN PADA TEPUNG SAGU BASAH BERDASARKAN ANALISIS GEN 16SrDNA
Authors: Gunaedi Tri , Margino Sebastian , Sembiring Langkah , Pratiwi Rarastoeti
Published: February 2017

16SrDNA gene were known essentialy for procaryotic life involved bacteria. The gene very concerved such as usefull for bacterial identification and classification in phylogeny tree constructed. The object of this research were identified and cllassified amylolitic bacteria TG12, TG19 and TG31 isolates, causers sourness on raw starch sago by 16SrDNA gene sequences analysis approach. The native isolates from raw starch sago under traditionality processing arround Jayapura and selected depend on activity amylolitic and organic acid productivity. Before DNA genom extraction, isolates were throught out generic assignment analysis. Futhermore DNA genom were amplified and purified by PCR with 27f and 1529r primers. The pure of DNA was sequenced by ABI PRISM 310 DNA sequencer with internal primers 27f, 357f, 790f and 1230f. The generic assignment resulted those isolates related with Bacillus. The 16S rDNA data were aligned with corresponding available Bacillus sequences retrieved from the NCBI database using the CLUSTAL X software. Phylogeny tree was constructed by PHYLIP programme and visualized by Treeview programme. Phylogenetic trees were and the extended the value of 16S rDNA sequencing in amylolitic bacteria causing sourness on raw starch sago. Completed 16S rDNA sequence data showed that two of the tested isolate TG12 formed a distinct center of diversity with Bacillus substilis DSM 10 AJ276351, isolate TG19 with Bacillus substilis strain 1778 EU982544 and TG31 similar genetic with Bacillus cereus strain WJL-063 FJ527559. Identification based on 16S rDNA gene sequences of amylolitic bacteria causing sourness on raw sago starch provided a powerful way of uncovering genetic of strain within the spesies Bacillus substilis and Bacillus cereus.
Worldly Tastes
Authors: Kuttainen Victoria , Liebich Susann
Published: February 2017

In the interwar period, increasingly mobile Australians began to contemplate
travel across the Pacific, both toward Asia as well as to America. Contemporary
writing reflected this highly mobile culture and Pacific gaze, yet literary
histories have overlooked this aspect of cultural history. Instead of looking to
Australian novels as indexes of culture, as literary studies often do, this article
explores the range of writing and print culture in magazines, concentrating on
notions of mobility through the Pacific. Its focus is on the quality magazines
MAN and The Home, which addressed two distinct, gendered readerships, but
operated within similar cultural segments. This article suggests that the distinct
geographical imaginaries of these magazines, which linked travel and
geographical mobility with aspiration and social mobility, played a role in
consolidating and nourishing the class standing of their readers, and revealed
some of their attitudes toward gender and race.
A secret key establishment protocol for wireless networks using noisy channels
Authors: Guan Albert , Tzeng Wen-Guey
Published: February 2017

An efficient protocol for establishing secret keys for neighboring nodes in a wireless network is presented in this paper. The security of the key generated by our protocol is based on the unpredictability of the noises in binary symmetric communication channels. The two nodes which try to establish a common secret key receive messages from a common source of random bit strings. Due to noises in the communication channel, the messages received by them, and most importantly the messages received by the eavesdropper, are not the same. We show that the two nodes can modify their messages in an efficient way to obtain a common string which contains enough uncertainty to the eavesdropper. Then, a secure universal hash function is applied to compute a secret key for extracting randomness from the common string. We prove that the probability for the eavesdropper to know the value of the key is negligible. One advantage of our proposed protocol is that the secret key rate is better than the known scheme in other models, such as the bounded storage model. Furthermore, our proposed protocol needs only to perform exclusive-or operations and compute hash values. Thus, it is a computationally light-weight protocol and suitable for devices with limited computing resources, such as sensors in sensor networks.
Primary subfertility with partial septate uterus and longitudinal vaginal septum
Authors: Banu Jesmine , Fatima Parveen , Dorji Namkha , Chowdhury A. S. M. Alamgir
Published: February 2017

A 22 year old married woman presented with the complaints of severe dyspareunia, difficulty in conceiving for 18 months, menorrhagia and dysmenorrhoea since menarche. Clinical examination revealed longitudinal vaginal septum. Ultrasound scan revealed two endometrial cavities with a single cervix. Hysterosalpingogram revealed septum which had separated the endometrial cavity with no free spillage of contrast media on both fallopian tubes. Ultrasound KUB and intravenous urethrography did not reveal any abnormality in the urinary system. Resection of vaginal septum, hysteroscopic septoplasty and diagnostic laparoscopy were performed. Three months after the surgery, she was relieved from the symptoms. However, no comments on fertility issue can be made at the moment as the couple is practicing contraceptive methods.
The Cu II Spectrum
Authors: Kramida Alexander , Nave Gillian , Reader Joseph
Published: February 2017

New wavelength measurements in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), ultraviolet and visible spectral regions have been combined with available literature data to refine and extend the description of the spectrum of singly ionized copper (Cu II). In the VUV region, we measured 401 lines using a concave grating spectrograph and photographic plates. In the UV and visible regions, we measured 276 lines using a Fourier-transform spectrometer. These new measurements were combined with previously unpublished data from the thesis of Ross, with accurate VUV grating measurements of Kaufman and Ward, and with less accurate older measurements of Shenstone to construct a comprehensive list of ≈2440 observed lines, from which we derived a revised set of 379 optimized energy levels, complemented with 89 additional levels obtained using series formulas. Among the 379 experimental levels, 29 are new. Intensities of all lines observed in different experiments have been reduced to the same uniform scale by using newly calculated transition probabilities (A-values). We combined our calculations with published measured and calculated A-values to provide a set of 555 critically evaluated transition probabilities with estimated uncertainties, 162 of which are less than 20%.
Systematic Identification and Assessment of Therapeutic Targets for Breast Cancer Based on Genome-Wide RNA Interference Transcriptomes
Authors: Liu Yang , Yin Xiaoyao , Zhong Jing , Guan Naiyang , Luo Zhigang , Min Lishan , Yao Xing , Bo Xiaochen , Dai Licheng , Bai Hui
Published: February 2017

With accumulating public omics data, great efforts have been made to characterize the genetic heterogeneity of breast cancer. However, identifying novel targets and selecting the best from the sizeable lists of candidate targets is still a key challenge for targeted therapy, largely owing to the lack of economical, efficient and systematic discovery and assessment to prioritize potential therapeutic targets. Here, we describe an approach that combines the computational evaluation and objective, multifaceted assessment to systematically identify and prioritize targets for biological validation and therapeutic exploration. We first establish the reference gene expression profiles from breast cancer cell line MCF7 upon genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) of a total of 3689 genes, and the breast cancer query signatures using RNA-seq data generated from tissue samples of clinical breast cancer patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Based on gene set enrichment analysis, we identified a set of 510 genes that when knocked down could significantly reverse the transcriptome of breast cancer state. We then perform multifaceted assessment to analyze the gene set to prioritize potential targets for gene therapy. We also propose drug repurposing opportunities and identify potentially druggable proteins that have been poorly explored with regard to the discovery of small-molecule modulators. Finally, we obtained a small list of candidate therapeutic targets for four major breast cancer subtypes, i.e., luminal A, luminal B, HER2+ and triple negative breast cancer. This RNAi transcriptome-based approach can be a helpful paradigm for relevant researches to identify and prioritize candidate targets for experimental validation.
Analysis of Blood Concentrations of Zinc, Germanium, and Lead and Relevant Environmental Factors in a Population Sample from Shandong Province, China
Authors: Li Long , Xu Guang , Shao Hua , Zhang Zhi-Hu , Pan Xing-Fu , Li Jin-Ye
Published: February 2017

Trace elements, including zinc (Zn) and germanium (Ge), are essential for health; deficiency or excess levels of trace elements results is harmful. As a result of industrial and agricultural production, Pb widely exists in people’s living environment. It is absorbed mainly through the respiratory and digestive tracts, producing systemic harm. Reference values for a normal, healthy population are necessary for health assessment, prevention and treatment of related diseases, and evaluation of occupational exposures. Reference ranges for the Chinese population have not been established. From March 2009 to February 2010; we collected data and blood samples (n = 1302) from residents aged 6–60 years living in Shandong Province, China. We measured blood concentrations of Zn, Ge, and Pb using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine reference ranges. Results were stratified by factors likely to affect the concentrations of these trace elements: sex, use of cosmetics or hair dye, age, alcohol intake, smoking habits, and consumption of fried food. The overall geometric mean (GM) concentrations (95% confidence interval) were 3.14 (3.08–3.20) mg/L for Zn, 19.9 (19.3–20.6) μg/L for Ge, and 24.1 (23.2–25.1) μg/L for Pb. Blood Zn concentrations were higher in women than in men (p < 0.001), while the opposite was found for Pb (p < 0.001) and sex did not influence Ge (p = 0.095). Alcohol use was associated with higher blood concentrations of Zn (p = 0.002), Ge (p = 0.002), and Pb (p = 0.001). The GM concentration of Zn was highest in 20–30-year-olds (p < 0.001), while Pb concentrations were highest in 12–16-year-olds (p < 0.001). Use of hair dye was associated with lower blood concentrations of Ge (p < 0.05). GM blood concentrations of Pb differed significantly between those who consumed fried foods 1–2 times/month (18.7 μg/L), 1–2 times/week (20.9 μg/L), and every day (28.5 μg/L; p < 0.001). Blood Pb concentrations were higher in subjects who used cosmetics (p < 0.05), hair dye (p < 0.05), and who smoked cigarettes (p < 0.001) than in those who did not.
Effect of the Long-Term Mean and the Temporal Stability of Water-Energy Dynamics on China’s Terrestrial Species Richness
Authors: Zhang Chunyan , Cai Danlu , Li Wang , Guo Shan , Guan Yanning , Bian Xiaolin , Yao Wutao
Published: February 2017

Water-energy dynamics broadly regulate species richness gradients but are being altered by climate change and anthropogenic activities; however, the current methods used to quantify this phenomenon overlook the non-linear dynamics of climatic time-series data. To analyze the gradient of species richness in China using water-energy dynamics, this study used linear regression to examine how species richness is related to (1) the long-term mean of evapotranspiration (ET) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) and (2) the temporal stability of ET and PET. ET and PET were used to represent the water-energy dynamics of the terrestrial area. Changes in water-energy dynamics over the 14-year period (2000 to 2013) were also analyzed. The long-term mean of ET was strong and positively ( R 2 ∈ ( 0.40 ~ 0.67 ) , p < 0.05 ) correlated with the species richness gradients. Regions in which changes in land cover have occurred over the 14-year period (2000 to 2013) were detected from long-term trends. The high level of species richness in all groups (birds, mammals, and amphibians) was associated with relatively high ET, determinism (i.e., predictability), and entropy (i.e., complexity). ET, rather than PET or temporal stability measures, was an effective proxy of species richness in regions of China that had moderate energy (PET > 1000 mm/year), especially for amphibians. In addition, predictions of species richness were improved by incorporating information on the temporal stability of ET with long-term means. Amphibians are more sensitive to the long-term ET mean than other groups due to their unique physiological requirements and evolutionary processes. Our results confirmed that ET and PET were strongly and significantly correlated with climatic and anthropogenic induced changes, providing useful information for conservation planning. Therefore, climate management based on changes to water-energy dynamics via land management practices, including reforestation, should be considered when planning methods to conserve natural resources to protect biodiversity.
Supercritical-Carbon Dioxide Fluid Extract from Chrysanthemum indicum Enhances Anti-Tumor Effect and Reduces Toxicity of Bleomycin in Tumor-Bearing Mice
Authors: Yang Hong-Mei , Sun Chao-Yue , Liang Jia-Li , Xu Lie-Qiang , Zhang Zhen-Biao , Luo Dan-Dan , Chen Han-Bin , Huang Yong-Zhong , Wang Qi , Lee David , Yuan Jie , Li Yu-Cui
Published: February 2017

Bleomycin (BLM), a family of anti-tumor drugs, was reported to exhibit severe side effects limiting its usage in clinical treatment. Therefore, finding adjuvants that enhance the anti-tumor effect and reduce the detrimental effect of BLM is a prerequisite. Chrysanthemum indicum, an edible flower, possesses abundant bioactivities; the supercritical-carbon dioxide fluid extract from flowers and buds of C. indicum (CISCFE) have strong anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and lung protective effects. However, the role of CISCFE combined with BLM treatment on tumor-bearing mice remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the potential synergistic effect and the underlying mechanism of CISCFE combined with BLM in the treatment of hepatoma 22 (H22) tumor-bearing mice. The results suggested that the oral administration of CISCFE combined with BLM could markedly prolong the life span, attenuate the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, activities of myeloperoxidase, and malondiadehyde. Moreover, CISCFE combined with BLM promoted the ascites cell apoptosis, the activities of caspases 3 and 8, and up-regulated the protein expression of p53 and down-regulated the transforming growth factor-β1 by activating the gene expression of miR-29b. Taken together, these results indicated that CISCFE could enhance the anti-cancer activity of BLM and reduce the BLM-induced pulmonary injury in H22 tumor-bearing mice, rendering it as a potential adjuvant drug with chemotherapy after further investigation in the future.
L1198F Mutation Resensitizes Crizotinib to ALK by Altering the Conformation of Inhibitor and ATP Binding Sites
Authors: Li Jian , Sun Rong , Wu Yuehong , Song Mingzhu , Li Jia , Yang Qianye , Chen Xiaoyi , Bao Jinku , Zhao Qi
Published: February 2017

The efficacy of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment with small molecule inhibitors is greatly challenged by acquired resistance. A recent study reported the newest generation inhibitor resistant mutation L1198F led to the resensitization to crizotinib, which is the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug for the treatment of ALK-positive NSCLC. It is of great importance to understand how this extremely rare event occurred for the purpose of overcoming the acquired resistance of such inhibitors. In this study, we exploited molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to dissect the molecular mechanisms. Our MD results revealed that L1198F mutation of ALK resulted in the conformational change at the inhibitor site and altered the binding affinity of ALK to crizotinib and lorlatinib. L1198F mutation also affected the autoactivation of ALK as supported by the identification of His1124 and Tyr1278 as critical amino acids involved in ATP binding and phosphorylation. Our findings are valuable for designing more specific and potent inhibitors for the treatment of ALK-positive NSCLC and other types of cancer.
The Regulations of Deubiquitinase USP15 and Its Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Diseases
Authors: Chou Chon-Kit , Chang Yu-Ting , Korinek Michal , Chen Yei-Tsung , Yang Ya-Ting , Leu Steve , Lin I-Ling , Tang Chin-Ju , Chiu Chien-Chih
Published: February 2017

Deubiquitinases (DUBs) play a critical role in ubiquitin-directed signaling by catalytically removing the ubiquitin from substrate proteins. Ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (USP15), a member of the largest subfamily of cysteine protease DUBs, contains two conservative cysteine (Cys) and histidine (His) boxes. USP15 harbors two zinc-binding motifs that are essential for recognition of poly-ubiquitin chains. USP15 is grouped into the same category with USP4 and USP11 due to high degree of homology in an N-terminal region consisting of domains present in ubiquitin-specific proteases (DUSP) domain and ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain. USP15 cooperates with COP9 signalosome complex (CSN) to maintain the stability of cullin-ring ligase (CRL) adaptor proteins by removing the conjugated ubiquitin chains from RBX1 subunit of CRL. USP15 is also implicated in the stabilization of the human papillomavirus type 16 E6 oncoprotein, adenomatous polyposis coli, and IκBα. Recently, reports have suggested that USP15 acts as a key regulator of TGF-β receptor-signaling pathways by deubiquitinating the TGF-β receptor itself and its downstream transducers receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs), including SMAD1, SMAD2, and SMAD3, thus activating the TGF-β target genes. Although the importance of USP15 in pathologic processes remains ambiguous so far, in this review, we endeavor to summarize the literature regarding the relationship of the deubiquitinating action of USP15 with the proteins involved in the regulation of Parkinson’s disease, virus infection, and cancer-related signaling networks.
Role of Netrin-1 Signaling in Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Dun Xin-Peng , Parkinson David
Published: February 2017

Netrin-1 was the first axon guidance molecule to be discovered in vertebrates and has a strong chemotropic function for axonal guidance, cell migration, morphogenesis and angiogenesis. It is a secreted axon guidance cue that can trigger attraction by binding to its canonical receptors Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) and Neogenin or repulsion through binding the DCC/Uncoordinated (Unc5) A–D receptor complex. The crystal structures of Netrin-1/receptor complexes have recently been revealed. These studies have provided a structure based explanation of Netrin-1 bi-functionality. Netrin-1 and its receptor are continuously expressed in the adult nervous system and are differentially regulated after nerve injury. In the adult spinal cord and optic nerve, Netrin-1 has been considered as an inhibitor that contributes to axon regeneration failure after injury. In the peripheral nervous system, Netrin-1 receptors are expressed in Schwann cells, the cell bodies of sensory neurons and the axons of both motor and sensory neurons. Netrin-1 is expressed in Schwann cells and its expression is up-regulated after peripheral nerve transection injury. Recent studies indicated that Netrin-1 plays a positive role in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration, Schwann cell proliferation and migration. Targeting of the Netrin-1 signaling pathway could develop novel therapeutic strategies to promote peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery.
Collagenolytic Activity Is Associated with Scar Resolution in Zebrafish Hearts after Cryoinjury
Authors: Gamba Laurent , Amin-Javaheri Armaan , Kim Jieun , Warburton David , Lien Ching-Ling
Published: February 2017

Myocardial infarction is the major cause of cardiac injury in western countries and can result in a massive loss of heart cells, leading eventually to heart failure. A fibrotic collagen-rich scar may prevent ventricular wall rupture, but also may result in heart failure because of its stiffness. In zebrafish, cardiac cryoinjury triggers a fibrotic response and scarring. Unlike with mammals, zebrafish heart has the striking ability to regenerate and to resolve the scar. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of scar resolution in zebrafish heart might facilitate the design of new therapeutic approaches to improve the recovery of patients. To visualize the collagenolytic activity within the zebrafish heart following cryoinjury, we used an in situ collagen zymography assay. We detected expression of mmp2 and mmp14a and these matrix metalloproteinases might contribute to the collagenase activity. Collagenolytic activity was present in the wound area, but decreased as the myocardium regenerated. Comparison with neonatal mouse hearts that failed to regenerate after transmural cryoinjury revealed a similar collagenolytic activity in the scar. These findings suggest that collagenolytic activity may be key to how the zebrafish heart resolves its scar; however, it is not sufficient in mouse hearts that lack efficient myocardial regeneration.
Antiferromagnetic Insulating Ground State of Molecular π-d System Λ-(BETS)2FeCl4 (BETS = Bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene): A Theoretical and Experimental Review
Authors: Oshima Yugo , Cui Heng‐Bo , Kato Reizo
Published: February 2017

The πd molecular conductor λ‐(BETS)2FeCl4, where BETS is bis(ethylenedithio) tetraselenafulvalene, has attracted considerable interest for the discovery of its field induced superconducting state. A mystery of this system is its antiferromagnetic insulating ground state. The point still under strong debate is whether the d spins in Fe3+ are ordered or not. Here, we review experimental and theoretical studies on the antiferromagnetic insulating phase in λ‐(BETS)2FeCl4 and mention our perspective based on our ESR measurements for λ‐(BETS)2FexGa1−xCl4. Our ESR results indicate that the π‐d interaction in the system is very strong and there is no sign of paramagnetic Fe spins in the antiferromagnetic ground state.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based Wireless Sensor Network for Marine-Coastal Environment Monitoring
Authors: Trasviña-Moreno Carlos , Blasco Rubén , Marco Álvaro , Casas Roberto , Trasviña-Castro Armando
Published: February 2017

Marine environments are delicate ecosystems which directly influence local climates, flora, fauna, and human activities. Their monitorization plays a key role in their preservation, which is most commonly done through the use of environmental sensing buoy networks. These devices transmit data by means of satellite communications or close-range base stations, which present several limitations and elevated infrastructure costs. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are another alternative for remote environmental monitoring which provide new types of data and ease of use. These aircraft are mainly used in video capture related applications, in its various light spectrums, and do not provide the same data as sensing buoys, nor can they be used for such extended periods of time. The aim of this research is to provide a flexible, easy to deploy and cost-effective Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for monitoring marine environments. This proposal uses a UAV as a mobile data collector, low-power long-range communications and sensing buoys as part of a single WSN. A complete description of the design, development, and implementation of the various parts of this system is presented, as well as its validation in a real-world scenario.
Environmental Law Clinics in Collaboration with Environmental NGOs in China
Authors: He Pei-Pei , Zhuang Yu-Jing , Lin Ying , Zheng Cheng-Hui
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of an innovative curriculum design on environmental education in China, specifically with regard to an Environmental Law Clinic (ELC) course, to be run in co-operation with environmental NGOs (ENGOs). Adopting a qualitative case study method, our researchers investigated the effect of this innovative curriculum, including the quantity of student environmental knowledge, the level of the sense of student environmental responsibility, and the ability of students to solve environmental disputes. We also investigated each participant’s attitudes toward this innovative design. Our researchers employed various methods to analyze the student questionnaires, and to simulate consultation records and interview records. The results of our study show that an ELC (in co-operation with ENGOs) would be innovative and indispensable in the field of contemporary environmental law education. In fact, our design largely solves the problems faced by China’s ELC education. The innovative curriculum we have designed is beneficial to the sustainable development of society, because it not only improves a student’s practical ability, necessary knowledge, and the skills to deal with cases, but the curriculum also increases a student’s sense of environmental responsibility. However, to promote the wide-range practice and sustainable development of this curriculum in China, sound and multilevel support systems and measures are required.
Research vs. Practice on Manufacturing Firms’ Servitization Strategies: A Gap Analysis and Research Agenda
Authors: Perona Marco , Saccani Nicola , Bacchetti Andrea
Published: February 2017

Servitization in the manufacturing industry implies a shift from an offer based mainly on standard goods, to a wider value proposition composed of solutions aimed at solving specific customers’ problems, obtained by integrating tangible and intangible elements. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the servitization strategies of manufacturing firms, more specifically about: (i) how manufacturing companies move toward servitization (servitization pattern); (ii) how they achieve the capabilities needed; and (iii) which factors enable this transition. We did so by comparing the state of the art of academic research with a qualified sample of case studies of global companies that famously improved their competitiveness by shifting from products to solutions. The results show some gaps between research and practice, concerning in particular: the impact (either transformational or integrative) of servitization on the manufacturing organization; the role of financial resources in shaping the capability achievement strategy, particularly for external acquisitions, and; the role of servitization enablers poorly considered by the extant literature, such as time, leadership and continuity, operational excellence and digital technologies. These findings lead to the definition of seven formalized research directions, thus outlining an agenda for future research.
Les débuts de l’atelier impérial de Lyon
Authors: Suspène Arnaud
Published: February 2017

This paper focuses on recent research on the mint of Lyon in the early Principate. After reassessing what is known about the opening of the mint, we list the various issues that can be ascribed to Lyon under Augustus and sum up major developments on specific topics (typology, hoard studies, minting programs).
Increases in CD4+ T-Cell Count at Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation among HIV-Positive Illicit Drug users during a Treatment-as-Prevention Initiative in Canada
Authors: Tran Mimi , Wood Evan , Kerr Thomas , Patterson Sophie , Bangsberg David , Dong Huiru , Guillemi Silvia , Montaner Julio SG , Milloy M-J
Published: February 2017

Background

Although treatment-as-prevention (TasP) efforts are a new cornerstone of efforts to respond to the HIV/AIDS pandemic, their effects among people who use drugs (PWUD) have not been fully evaluated. This study characterizes temporal trends in CD4+ T-cell (CD4) count at ART initiation and rates of virological response among HIV-positive PWUD during a TasP initiative.

Methods

We used data on individuals initiating ART within a prospective cohort of PWUD linked to comprehensive clinical records. Using multivariable linear regression, we evaluated the relationship between CD4 count prior to ART initiation and year of initiation and time to HIV-1 RNA viral load <50 copies/ml following initiation using Cox proportional hazards modelling.

Results

Among 355 individuals, CD4 count at initiation rose from 130 to 330 cells/ml from 2005 to 2013. In multivariable regression, initiation year was significantly associated with higher CD4 count (β=29.5 cells per year, 95% CI 21.0, 37.9). Initiating ART at higher CD4 counts was significantly associated with optimal viral response (adjusted hazard ratio =1.13 per 100 cells/ml increase, 95% CI 1.05, 1.22).

Conclusions

Increases in CD4 cell count at initiation over time was associated with superior virological response, consistent with the aims of the TasP initiative.
Evaluation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Virological Escape in Patients on Long-Term Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy
Authors:   the Protease Inhibitor monotherapy Versus Ongoing Triple therapy (PIVOT) CNS sub-study Team, Arenas-Pinto Alejandro , Stöhr Wolfgang , Clarke Amanda , Williams Ian , Beeching Nicholas J , Minton Jane , Lee Vincent , Paton Nicholas I
Published: February 2017

Background

A strategy of protease inhibitor (PI) mono-therapy with re-introduction of triple therapy in those who rebound has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment simplification approach for long-term management. We sought evidence for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) virological escape in patients on long-term PI monotherapy.

Methods

We performed lumbar puncture in asymptomatic participants with suppressed plasma HIV RNA after 96 weeks on the PI monotherapy arm (PI-mono) of the PIVOT trial. We also report CSF HIV RNA concentration in trial participants who were investigated for neurological/ neurocognitive symptoms during the trial regardless of study arm allocation.

Results

All 11 asymptomatic participants on PI-mono who were tested had undetectable CSF HIV RNA at week 96. One of the three symptomatic participants on PI-mono had CSF HIV RNA of 1,895 copies/ml (undetectable in plasma) and neither of two symptomatic participants on triple therapy had CSF HIV RNA detected.

Conclusions

CSF virological escape appears rare in asymptomatic patients on PI monotherapy and may not warrant routine CSF monitoring, but patients with symptoms merit more concern.
Study on Polymer Matrix Composites Used as Greenhouse Coverings: Optical Properties
Authors: Ay Chyung , Fong Sun Wei , Lee Maw Tien
Published: February 2017

The greenhouse is widely used in agriculture, and its covering material is one of the most important factors that affect its performance. In summer, the inner temperature of the greenhouse is usually too high for people to cultivate plants. In this work, a polymer matrix composite (PMC) was developed to reduce the inner temperature of the greenhouse without affecting the photosynthesis for the growth of plants. The PMC developed in this study was made of LDPE with suitable additives such as pigments, metal oxide etc. The morphology of the covering layer made of the PMC was observed with the atomic force microscopy (AFM). The transmittance of visible light and NIR through the cladding layer was measured with an optical fiber detector and used as the primarily performance index. Finally a simulated greenhouse was used to verify the cooling effect of the cladding layer. Experimental results showed that the PMC developed in this study gave more temperature reduction than that of the commercial PE covering.