bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ganoderma lucidum on Chemical-Induced and Bacterial-Infected Corneal Ulceration of Rabbits’ Eyes
Authors: Okenwa-Vincent Emmanuel Elochukwu , Moogi Alphonsinah K. , Odero Phenard O. , Dania Afe Victor , Mashige Khathutshelo Percy
Published: June 2022

Background
Corneal ulcerations are risks to blindness, and their treatment presents huge challenges, in part due to increased resistance to anti-bacterial drugs, accessibility and costs issues, particularly in developing countries. In this study, we investigated the pharmacological effect of Ganoderma Lucidum (G. lucidum), on chemical-induced and bacterial-infected corneal ulceration of rabbits’ eyes.
Methods
This was a randomized-controlled experiment of 16 healthy New Zealand rabbits, which were randomly assigned into four groups (A – D). The right eye corneas were injured using a drop of 1 molar sodium hydroxide and followed by infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa after 12 hours, in all groups except group A. Treatment with extracts of G. lucidum for groups A and B, the standard treatment protocol for group C, and atropine alone for group D commenced after 24 hours and continued every four hours for seven days. All data collected, pre- and post- tests, were analyzed at α = 0.05 using Wilcoxon signed-rank test for correlated variables and Mann-Whitney U test for independent variables.
Results
G. lucidum has significant clinical effects (47%) on corneal injury and ulcers (92%). The healing effects observed at the 168th hour were significantly better than those observed at the 24th hour (p < 0.05). Although the differences between the healing effects of the standard treatment and the extracts were not significant (p > 0.05), the mean effects size was clinically significant (31%).
Conclusion
This study demonstrates the potential antimicrobial potential of G. lucidum. G. lucidum may provide an alternative treatment option for chemical-induced and bacterial-infected corneal ulcers, particularly in resource-constrained countries.
A pitfall in applying non-anticommuting $γ_5$ in $q\overline{q} \rightarrow ZH$ amplitudes
Authors: Ahmed Taushif
Published: June 2022

In computing the two-loop QCD corrections to a class of Feynman
diagrams for the process q\overline{q} \rightarrow ZHqq¯→ZH
in Higgs effective field theory, we discover a striking phenomenon. We
find the need for an additional local composite operator in the
renormalised Lagrangian while employing a non-anticommuting
\gamma_5γ5
in dimensional regularisation. The computation using anticommuting
\gamma_5γ5,
however, does not require any such amendment.
Selective vitamin D receptor activator Paricalcitol and its potential benefits in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Egshatyan L. V.
Published: June 2022

Currently, the incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are increasing annually worldwide, and clinical data show that CKD patients commonly experience relative vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common complication in patients with end-stage renal disease and it is also common in hemodialysis patients. SHPT is an adaptive and in many cases ultimately maladaptive process that develops in response to declining kidney function, impaired phosphate excretion, failure to bioactivate vitamin D and hypocalcemia. SHPT is characterized by persistently elevated levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and complicated by important disturbances in mineral metabolism. Maintaining the level of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone concentrations in the target range reduce its associated complications (e.g., fractures, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular calcification). Effective therapeutic interventions are highly desirable if the morbidity and mortality associated with uncontrolled SHPT are to be reduced. Major renal guidelines recommend use of vitamin D for secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease. However, because of the difficulties associated with lowering PTH while simultaneously controlling serum levels of calcium and phosphorous, traditional therapies for managing SHPT have several limitations. Selective vitamin D receptor activator paricalcitol mainly targets vitamin D receptors (VDR) in the parathyroid glands, has less effect on VDR in the intestine and other tissues, inhibits PTH strongly, triggers less hypercalcemia, and has less effect on intestinal absorption of calcium, phosphorus and bone metabolism and significantly lowers renin levels, albuminuria and blood pressure, which is supported by the results of most studies conducted over these decades. The article is devoted to the problem of treatment of patients with SHPT inpatient with renal replacement therapy with program hemodialysis.
Metabolic and cardiovascular features of the course of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men with hypogonadism
Authors: Demidova T. Yu. , Skuridina D. V. , Kasimova A. M.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Androgenic deficiency is an important pathogenetic element in the development of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases in men. It has been proven that in male patients with type 2 diabetes, hypogonadism develops much more often. Objective – to study the metabolic and cardiovascular features of the course of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in men with androgen deficiency.

Materials and methods. The study included 124 men with type 2 diabetes. To diagnose hypogonadism, the levels of total testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), albumin and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured. Free testosterone (free T) levels were calculated using a calculator from Ghent University Hospital, Belgium. A retrospective analysis of case histories was carried out (spectrum of late complications, the presence of heart attacks and strokes, laboratory data – total cholesterol (CS), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood plasma glucose, basal insulin level, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)). The HOMA-IR index was used to determine the degree of insulin resistance.

Results. The average age of men was 57.39 ± 9.41 years. The incidence of laboratory-confirmed hypogonadism is 50.81%. An average positive correlation was found between androgen deficiency and the incidence of non-fatal cardiovascular events (r = 0.45, p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship between the presence of hypogonadism and the incidence and degree of late complications of T2DM. Patients with low T levels tended to have higher HOMA-IR values compared to patients with normal T levels (p < 0.05). At the same time, the indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism did not differ significantly in these groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusions. The revealed incidence of hypogonadism in men with T2DM corresponds to the data of international studies. The presence of a significant correlation between low testosterone levels and cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM suggests that hypogonadism can be used as an additional criterion for cardiovascular risk. Testosterone deficiency exacerbates insulin resistance, which can lead to weight gain and impair carbohydrate metabolism.
What do we know about the molecular and biological features of EGFR in glioblastomas and non-small cell lung cancer?
Authors: Kogoniya L. M. , Gubenko M. S. , Ashkhatcava T. I.
Published: June 2022

The EGFR mutation is one of the most common mutations in malignant neoplasms. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a growth factor receptor that induces cell differentiation and proliferation when activated by binding one of its ligands. The receptor is located on the cell surface, where ligand binding activates a tyrosine kinase in the intracellular region of the receptor. The tyrosine kinase phosphorylates a number of intracellular substrates and further activates pathways leading to cell growth, DNA synthesis and oncogene expression. Gene amplification is a process characterized by an increase in the copy number of a restricted region in the chromosome shoulder, which is associated with overexpression of the corresponding amplified gene. Amplification of the EGFR gene is detected in about 40% of glioblastoma cases. It should be noted that EGFR gene amplification is accompanied by the acquisition of many mutations, which include intragenic deletions and point mutations. The most common EGFR mutation in glioblastomas of the brain is a deletion in exon 2-7 (EGFRvIII) frame, which occurs in 50% of all cases of EGFR-amplified glioblastoma. Despite great advances in molecular biology and targeted therapies, patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and glioblastoma still lead in mortality. Most of them have “classical” EGFR mutations (deletions in exon 19 and 21), but 15-20% of patients have rare mutations, which most often include point mutations, deletions and insertions in exon 18 and 25. Thus, rare EGFR mutations are a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target in cancer. This review summarizes data on the role of EGFR in the carcinogenesis of NMPL and glioblastoma. The literature search was performed using the Pubmed database.
Molecular genetic characteristics of colorectal cancer depending on the status of microsatellite instability
Authors: Oganyan K. A. , Musaelyan A. A. , Kotikova M. A. , Lapin S. V. , Nazarov V. D. , Belyaev M. A. , Zakharenko A. A. , Orlov S. V.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. The emergence of new markers that determine the choice of therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) has led to an increase in overall survival. The optimal treatment tactics now take into account both clinical and molecular-genetic characteristics of the tumor.

Aim. Investigation of the features of the KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations and amplification of the HER2 gene depending on microsatellite instability (MSI) in CRC.

Materials and methods. The study included 400 patients with CRC. MSI, BRAF V600E mutation, mutations in the KRAS and NRAS genes was identified to them. MSI was determined by fragment analysis, and mutations in the KRAS, NRAS, BRAF genes by realtime PCR. HER2 amplification was determined in 100 patients with a negative RAS/BRAF. NTRK translocations were determined in all patients with MSI. Data on preoperative levels of CEA and CA19-9 were obtained from 185 patients.

Results and discussion. The prevalence of MSI was 6.8%. The prevalence of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF mutations in CRC with MSI was 66.7%, and in CRC with MSS - 52.3%. In patients with MSI, the level of CEA was lower than in MSS (p = 0.0061). The overall prevalence of KRAS and NRAS mutations was 45% and 2.5%. The overall prevalence of the BRAF V600E mutation was 5.8% and was more common in MSI-positive tumors (p < 0.0001). Regardless of MSI, BRAF-positive tumors were characterized by right-sided localization (p < 0.0001), category T3-4 (p = 0.013), lymph node involvement (p = 0.004), carcinomatosis (p = 0.046), high levels of CA19-9 (p = 0.014). HER2 amplification was found in 7% of wild-type RAS/BRAF cases and was associated with rectal cancer (p = 0.044), category T3-4 (p = 0.041), and distant metastases (p = 0.038). HER2 amplifications and NTRK translocations were not detected in cases with MSI.

Conclusion. MSI-positive CRC had a higher prevalence of mutations in major genes. CRC with the BRAF V600E mutation and HER2 amplification had aggressive clinical and morphological parameters.
Ribociclib in patient with hormone-positive HER2-negative breast cancer with brain metastases: a case report
Authors: Prizova N. S. , Bolotina L. V. , Kornietskaya A. L.
Published: June 2022

Brain metastases (BM) are associated with poor prognosis, short overall survival, and severely compromised quality of life in patients with advanced breast cancer (BC). BM create therapeutic challenges in BC due to the difficulty for the majority of drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier. Hormone-positive HER2-negative breast cancer usually progresses slowly compared to other subtypes and it is the most common subtype among patients with BC. The cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors have rapidly transformed breast cancer treatment landscape within past few years. Integrating CDK4/6 inhibitors in clinical practice significantly improved both progression-free and overall survival in all patient population, including patients with BM. In this article we summarize the results of phase III randomized controlled trials (MONALEESA-2, MONALEESA-3, MONALEESA-7, and Completion-1), suggesting the efficacy of the combination of ribociclib with various endocrine therapies, and present a clinical case discussion of a patient with advanced hormone-positive HER2-negative BC with brain, hepatic and bone metastases treated with combined targeted and endocrine therapy.
Therapy options for metastatic triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Glazkova E. V. , Frolova M. A. , Israelyan E. R.
Published: June 2022

Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer remains the most unfavourable among all breast cancer subtypes from the prognostic point of view. Despite the active introduction into practice of combinations of cytostatics with immunotherapeutic agents, as well as PARP inhibitors, sequential lines of chemotherapy with the median overall survival which does not exceed 15 months remains the main method of treating patients in this group. This breast cancer subtype is characterized by a rapid development of drug resistance at the early stages of systemic treatment and a predominantly visceral progression, which determines a low life expectancy in patients. The combination of capecitabine and ixabepilone has proved to be effective in the treatment of tumours that are resistant to taxanes and anthracyclines. The use of this combination is characterized by an acceptable and controlled toxicity profile. This article presents a clinical case of therapy with a combination of ixabepilone and capecitabine of a patient with breast cancer progression during the previous therapy of taxanes, a platinum-based doublet chemotherapy and eribulin. This approach, together with symptomatic laparocentesis and pleurodesis, allowed for overall survival exceeding 45 months with the preservation of a satisfactory functional status of the patient.
Evolution of the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib: from palliative to adjuvant therapy. Clinical experience with abemaciclib in patients with hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer
Authors: Goryainova A. Yu. , Stukan A. I. , Murashko R. A. , Sharov S. V. , Lymar E. V.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors are indicated in endocrine therapy for the treatment of hormone receptorpositive, HER2-negative, advanced, or metastatic breast cancer. In the recent past, abemaciclib made its debut as a combinatorial partner for adjuvant therapy in hormone-dependent breast cancer. This article demonstrates the analysis of our own experience of introducing abemaciclib into clinical practice.

Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the preliminary results of treatment of patients with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer using abemaciclib outside the framework of clinical trials, in the real clinical practice of an oncological dispensary.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of treatment was carried out in 27 patients who were prescribed abe-maciclib in various regimens and lines from April 2021 to January 2022 in the conditions of routine practice in the Krasnodar region.

Results and discussion. Analysis of the total population of 27 patients at a median follow-up of 8 months showed that the median PFS was not reached. The one-year PFS was 68.8%. Treatment outcomes were independent of prescribing abemaciclib to treat baseline metastatic disease or breast cancer progression after previous radical treatment (p = 0.60). The PFS did not depend on the expression of progesterone receptors in the tumor tissue (p = 0.326) and the proliferative activity index Ki-67 (p = 0.618). Patients who received no more than 2 lines of previous drug treatment for a history of metastatic breast cancer had the greatest benefit from abemaciclib therapy (p = 0.001).

Conclusions. Despite a relatively difficult group of patients (96% of patients with visceral metastases), abemaciclib has demonstrated efficacy and safety. The effectiveness did not depend on the analyzed factors: Ki-67, the level of expression of progesterone receptors, the type of metastatic disease (de novo metastatic or progressive breast cancer). In view of the best results, it is advisable to prescribe abemaciclib in the early lines of therapy.
Resolution on the results of Advisory Board “Searching the effective methods of testing and treating patients with NSCLC caused by NTRK gene fusions“
Authors: Artamonova E. V. , Breder V. V. , Vladimirova L. Yu. , Demidova I. A. , Imyanitov E. N. , Laktionov К. К. , Matrosova M. P. , Orlov S. V. , Rodionov E. О. , Sakaeva D. D. , Sekacheva M. I. , Smolin A. V. , Fadeeva N. V. , Filipenko M. L.
Published: June 2022

The Advisory Board was held on December 24, 2021. The molecular genetic research lead specialists and national lead oncologists discussed issues of diagnosis of NTRK gene translocations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as well as current opportunities for the treatment of patients with NSCLC caused by NTRK gene fusions. The experts reaffirmed the necessity to identify timely patients with NSCLC caused by NTRK gene fusions, as the correct diagnosis of the disease, including the use of modern diagnostic methods of NTRK gene fusion (NGS is the most sensitive and specific method) determines the success of patient treatment. In this regard, it is critical that physicians know the advantages and disadvantages of each molecular diagnostic method used to have the opportunity to choose the best approach in each clinical case. In order to have a clear, well-functioning strategy for managing patients with suspected NSCLC caused by NTRK gene fusion, it is necessary to use molecular genetic tests, as well as include TRK inhibitors (in particular, the drug larotrectinib; at the time publication of the Resolution, the drug larotrectinib is not registered in the territory of the Russian Federation) in the clinical guidelines for the treatment of lung cancer. Larotrectinib is a highly selective tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor. The clinical studies on larotrectinib have demonstrated high response rates and durable responses in adults and children with tumours associated with NTRK gene fusions, including primary CNS tumours and brain metastases. The objective response rate observed with larotrectinib was 79%, with 16% achieving a complete response and 64% achieving a partial response. At the same time, the median progression-free survival on larotrectinib was 28.3 months, and the median overall survival was 44.4 months.
Efficacy of the 1st generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma in alternative dosing regimens
Authors: Menshikov K. V. , Sultanbaev A. V. , Musin Sh. I. , Izmailov A. A. , Chalov V. S. , Menshikova I. A. , Sultanbaeva N. I. , Popova E. V. , Lipatov D. O.
Published: June 2022

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma accounts for almost 85% of all cases of malignant neoplasms of the kidney. Sunitinib is an anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor, one of the indications is the treatment of mRCC in adults. Sunitinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor that includes the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). Sunitinib is primarily used as a first-line drug at an initial dose of 50 mg. 1 time per day for 4 weeks followed by a 2-week break. Recommendations, if dose modification is necessary, indicate a dose reduction to 37.5 mg per day and, if necessary, a further dose reduction to 25 mg per day. Another promising regimen is to continue the daily dose of 50 mg with more frequent breaks: 2 weeks of treatment followed by a pause of 1 week. The analysis presented in the article shows that patients with mRCC who switched to sunitinib 2/1 regimen due to adverse events from the standard 4/2 regimen do show an improved safety profile. There is evidence of a significant reduction in overall grade 3-4 toxicity, as well as a reduction in the incidence of specific drug toxicity such as fatigue, hypertension, hand and foot syndrome, and thrombocytopenia. The article presents a clinical observation of a patient with advanced renal cell carcinoma who has a contraindication for immunotherapy. The patient underwent cytoreductive laparoscopic resection of the left kidney. Taking into account the existing contraindications to immunotherapy, the patient was prescribed sunitinib monotherapy at the standard dosage in the first line. After two courses of therapy, due to adverse events, the therapy regimen was changed from 4/2 to 2/1. The ongoing therapy in the 2/1 regimen demonstrated a satisfactory safety profile with adequate clinical efficacy.
SALICILATOS COMO INIBIDORES DO PROCESSO OXIDATIVO MEDIADO POR COBRE E FERRO NO BIODIESEL B100
Authors: Masetto Eduardo , Lazaroto Ana , Oleinik Giovanna , Lima Fernanda , Gallina André , Soares Letiére
Published: June 2022

SALICYLATES AS INHIBITORS OF THE OXIDATIVE PROCESS MEDIATED BY COPPER AND IRON IN BIODIESEL B100. Biodiesel is a renewable fuel produced from vegetable oils and animal fats transesterification. However, due to its chemical characteristics, it is susceptible to oxidation causing losses to its manufacturers and users. In this work a series of salicylates were synthesized and employed as secondary antioxidants in biodiesel B100. The accelerated oxidation tests were carried out against copper and iron. The biodiesel oxidation degree was followed by the acidity index. Among the synthesized compounds, isopropyl salicylate was able to inhibit the oxidation process by 55% when induced by copper and 52% when it was induced by iron after 8 hours exposure. The commercial antioxidant TBHQ was used as a positive control presenting lower inhibition values than isopropyl salicylate. It should be noted that salicylates are accessible molecules in just one reaction step, high yields and low cost, these being desirable characteristics for the biodiesel industry.
Interrogation of a clergyman in evidentiary trial
Authors:   Tomsk Orthodox Theological Seminary, Kollantay Priest Vitaly ,   Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Kopystko Priest Petr ,   St Petersburg Metropolia, Church of the Miraculous Icon of the Mother of God “Joy to All the Sorrowing”,
Published: June 2022

The article presents results of an analysis of current legislation of the Russian Federation and the Church law of the Russian Orthodox Church on the legal status of a “clergyman” and their opportunity to testify in criminal proceedings. Taking into account different points of view on this issue, it is substantiated that a clergyman of the Russian Orthodox Church cannot be interrogated as a witness in a criminal case about the circumstances that became known to him during the Sacrament of Penance. The question of the ratio of the concepts of “clergyman” and “priest” fixed at the normative level, but not equal, a pedibus usque ad caput, in essence, is considered. It is indicated that according to the canonical law of the Orthodox Church, the concept of “clergyman” is broader, with its own characteristics, which are dictated by the purpose of a particular degree of priesthood. In the article, the category of witness immunity is considered from the position of its functional orientation. An attempt has been made to substantiate the legal and moral aspects of the right to legal immunity of clergy. An attempt has been made to substantiate the legal and moral aspects of the right to legal immunity of a clergyman, through understanding the impossibility of conducting an interrogation, since this restriction of the subject of testimony is explained by the priority of social values that are protected by the provision of the law.
The master’s debate of the sacred Ioann Mansvetov in the Moscow Theological Academy in the context of ecclesiological disputes of the 1870s–1880s
Authors:   St Tikhon Orthodox University, Karelina Liubov A.
Published: June 2022

The dispute about the defense of the master’s thesis is sacred John Mansvetov’s “New Testament Teaching about the Church”, held in 1879, is of interest in the context of ecclesiological discussions in the Russian church periodicals of 1869–1870 and 1882–1884, activated by the posthumous publications of the works of A. S. Khomyakov. His work was prepared under the leadership of an outstanding representative of the domestic academic science of the Moscow Theological Academy Rector Alexandr Vasilyevich Gorsky. His disciples were the opponents of Mansvetov: teachers of the dogmatic department A. D. Belyaev and N. M. Ivantsov. They all listened to the course of dogmatic theology of Archpriest A. V. Gorsky, who analyzed problematic places in the writings of an outstanding lay theologian. The materials of the dispute were not covered in the church periodicals, but the circumstances of the defense partially clarify Belyaev’s diary entries. The ecclesiological ideas of the opponents were set forth in their own works: two articles by N. M. Ivantsov, published in 1877–1878 in the journal Orthodox Review, headed by his brother A. M. Ivantsov-Platonov; and in Belyaev’s master’s thesis “Divine Love”, defended in 1880. The aim of the study is to identify the influences on the views of three young scientists of their famous predecessors-the rector of the Moscow Theological Academy, prot. A. V. Gorsky and A. S. Khomyakov.
Sustainable development of climate-resilient aquaculture and culture-based fisheries through adaptation of abiotic stresses: a review
Authors: Abisha R. , Krishnani Kishore Kumar , Sukhdhane Kapil , Verma A. K. , Brahmane Manoj , Chadha N. K.
Published: June 2022

Climate change is an inevitable event that obstructs the output of aquaculture farms and culture-based fisheries in open waters. It poses a serious threat to global food security, altering biodiversity, ecosystems, and global fish output by displacing fish stocks from their natural habitats. When compared to freshwater aquaculture, marine/coastal aquaculture is more affected. To combat the effects of climate change, several mitigation methods and adaptations are being implemented, emphasizing future demands of affordable protein. Selective breeding, species diversification, and aquaculture systems like integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, aquaponics, and recirculating aquaculture system are some of the most widely accepted and adapted solutions. Further research on intervention in seed and feed in terms of quality improvement, bioresource utilization, and technological and genetic improvement is required. Climate change policies from the government are also essential. The present study differs from previous reviews by portraying the various abiotic stress factors contributing to the drastic climate change, encompassing adaptation strategies followed in distinct aquaculture sources such as freshwater, inland saline water, brackish water, coastal waters, and culture-based capture fisheries with its future implications.
Comparison of Serum Folate between Schizophrenic Patients and Healthy
Controls in Chinese Han Adult Population: A Systematic Review and
Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Dian-Wu , Wang Dan , Zhai Jun-Xia
Published: June 2022

Aim and Objective:

To assess the relationship between serum folate and schizophrenia
(SZ) risk in the Chinese Han adult population in different papers, a systematic review and metaanalysis
were conducted.

Materials and Methods:

We searched for this meta-analysis on three English databases (PubMed,
Embase, and Web of science) and four Chinese databases (CNKI, SinoMed, Wanfang, and
CQVIP) on March 27, 2021. Inclusion criteria: studies provided folate levels in serum of cases and
controls as mean and standard deviation. Exclusion criteria: subjects were not Chinese Han adult
population. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score was used to assess the risk of bias in the included
studies. Standard mean difference (SMD) was used to measure the difference between SZ patients
and healthy controls. Subgroup analyses by measurement time, duration, and age were performed,
respectively.

Results:

This meta-analysis included 19 publications involving 1571 SZ cases and 1283 healthy
controls. In total studies, the pooled result showed that SZ patients had decreased serum folate levels
compared with healthy controls (SMD [95%CI] = -1.37[-1.83,-0.90], PSMD<0.001), and in most
of the subgroups, the associations reached decreased significantly; while in the subgroup of drugs
use, the association was not reached significantly.

Conclusion:

Dose-response analysis and subgroup analyses by gender were not performed due to
the lack of data. Folate deficiency is associated with the patients, and antipsychotic drugs might
have positive effects on improving serum folate levels in Chinese Han adult SZ.
Targeting Virus-Induced Reprogrammed Cell Metabolism via Glycolytic
Inhibitors: An Effective Therapeutic Approach Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kumar Vinit , Rani Reshma , Sharma Dolly , Singh Mamta , Gupta Rajat , Garg Manoj , Altieri Andrea , Kurkin Alexander
Published: June 2022

Reprogrammed cell metabolism has been observed in a wide range of virally infected
cells. Viruses do not have their metabolism; they rely on the cellular metabolism of the host to ensure
the energy and macromolecules requirement for replication. Like other viruses, Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) does not own its metabolism, but virus infected
cells adopt aberrant cell metabolism. Infected viral use the energy and macromolecules to make
their own copies; to do so, they need to increase the rate of metabolism to ensure the requirement of
macromolecules. In contrast, the cellular metabolism of noninfected cells is more plastic than infected
cells. Therefore, it is essential to examine the virus infection in the context of metabolic alterations
of host cells. A novel therapeutic approach is urgently required to treat highly infectious
COVID-19 disease and its pathogenesis. Interference of glucose metabolism might be a promising
strategy to determine COVID-19 treatment options. Based on the recent research, this mini-review
aims to understand the impact of reprogrammed cell metabolism in COVID-19 pathogenesis and
explores the potential of targeting metabolic pathways with small molecules as a new strategy for
the development of a novel drug to treat COVID-19 disease. This type of research line provides new
hope in the development of antiviral drugs by targeting hijacked cell metabolism in case of viral
diseases and also in COVID-19.
Nepeta binaludensis Jamzad Attenuates Neuronal Injury Induced by
Oxygen-Glucose-Serum Deprivation/Reperfusion in PC12 Cells
Authors: Rajabian Arezoo , Mirzavi Farshad , Rakhshandeh Hassan , Moshirian Farahi Seyed Mostafa
Published: June 2022

Background:

Nepeta binaludensis Jamzad is a perennial medicinal plant with various pharmacological
effects. However, the neuroprotective effects of Nepeta binaludensis extracts have not yet been
investigated. This study aimed to examine the effects of N. binaludensis hydro-alcoholic extract (NBE) on
oxidative stress markers and apoptosis-related proteins in PC12 cells exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/
reperfusion (OGD/R).

Methods:

PC12 cells were pretreated with NBE (at a concentration range of 10-200 μg/ml) before exposure
to the OGD condition for 6 h, followed by a 24 h reoxygenation. Cell viability, the production of the
reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and the levels of apoptosis-related proteins
were evaluated using MTT, fluorimetry, and western blot analysis, respectively.

Results:

Survival of the cells preincubated for 6 h with NBE increased to 90.20 ± 15.62% compared with
those subjected to OGD/R alone (51.26 ± 7.77 %, p < 0.001). ROS formation was also decreased following
incubation with 200 μg/ml of NBE to 125.3 ± 18.38% compared to OGD/R group (356.9 ± 70.48%, p
< 0.001). LPO was also suppressed after incubation with NBE to 155.5 ± 21.21% compared to the
OGD/R group (260.5 ± 9.727%, p<0.001). NBE restored Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (1.3-fold of control), and
cleaved caspase-3 (1.58-fold of control, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

These results suggest that NBE may offer neuroprotection properties against OGD/Rinduced
toxicity through modulation of oxidative stress and apoptotic responses.
CD163 in Macrophages: A Potential Biomarker for Predicting the Progression
of Diabetic Nephropathy based on Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Wang Xiaoxia , Li Rui , Liu Ting , Jia Yanyan , Gao Xingxing
Published: June 2022

Objective:

This study aimed to identify the potential biomarkers in DN.

Method:

DN datasets GSE30528 and GSE47183 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus
database. Immune cell infiltration was analyzed using CIBERSORT. Weighted gene co-expression
network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to obtain the module genes specific to DN.
The relevant genes were identified intersecting the module genes and differentially expressed genes
(DEGs). The core genes were identified using the MCC algorithm in Cytoscape software. ROC and
Pearson analyses alongside gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to identify the
key gene for the core genes. Finally, we performed the Spearman to analyze the correlation between
key gene and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum creatinine (Scr), age and sex in DN.

Results:

CIBERSORT analysis revealed the immune cell infiltration in the DN renal tissue and
Venn identified 12 relevant genes. Among these, 5 core genes, namely TYROBP, C1QA, C1QB,
CD163 and MS4A6A, were identified. Pearson analyses revealed that immune cell infiltration and
expression of core genes are related. The key genes with high diagnostic values for DN were identified
to be CD163 via ROC analyses. After Spearman correlation analysis, the expression level of
CD163 was correlated with GFR (r =0.27), a difference that nearly reached statistical significance
(P =0.058). However, there was no correlation between the level of CD163 and age (r =-0.24, P
=0.09), sex (r =-0.11, P=0.32) and Scr (r=0.15, P=0.4).

Conclusion:

We found that CD163 in macrophages may be a potential biomarker in predicting and
treating DN.
A Case Report of Conversion from Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis to Graves’
Disease in Type 1 Diabetic Patient Following the COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Taşkaldıran Işılay , Altay Feride Pınar , Bozkuş Yusuf , İyidir Özlem Turhan , Nar Aslı , Tütüncü Neslihan Başçıl
Published: June 2022

Backround:

A considerable number of COVID-19 vaccines became available following
the outbreak. Yet, various inflammatory and autoimmune complications have been reported
following vaccination. We aimed to report the case of a type 1 diabetic patient converting
from Hashimoto’s thyroiditis to Graves’ disease after the fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccine,
thought to trigger an autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA syndrome).

Case Presentation:

A thirty-one-year-old female patient with type 1 diabetes and Hashimoto’s
thyroiditis applied to our clinic with complaints of palpitations, anxiety, and weight loss one
month after the fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccine (2 doses of CoronaVac + 2 doses of Pfizer/BioNTech).
She was receiving levothyroxine 50 mcg/day. When her thyroid function tests showed
thyrotoxicosis, we initially considered thyroxine-related exogenous thyrotoxicosis. However,
we considered Graves’ disease upon persisting thyrotoxicosis despite thyroxine withdrawal,
positive serum TSH receptor antibody titers, and other imaging findings. Therefore, various autoimmune
and inflammatory events have been reported after the COVID-19 vaccination. Adjuvants
in vaccines can trigger autoimmune events, which lead to ASIA syndrome. COVID-19
vaccines may cause increased TSH receptor antibody levels or change the balance in the activity
of blocking and stimulating antibodies, which may cause a conversion from Hashimoto’s to
Graves’ disease.

Conclusion:

This was the first case report where the patient experienced a conversion from
Hashimoto’s to Graves’ disease after COVID-19 vaccination, which may ultimately be related
to ASIA syndrome. Yet, more data is needed to elucidate such a relationship, and patients should
closely be checked regularly after four doses of vaccination.
Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activities of Koseret
(Lippia adoensis Hochst. Var. Koseret) Seed and Leaf Oil Extracts
Authors: Shiferaw Mekdes , Yusuf Zekeria , Desta Mulugeta
Published: June 2022

Background:

Lippia adoensis Hoechst var. adoensis (wild variety) and variety
koseret (cultivated variety) have been used as traditional medicine, condiments, and endemic
to Ethiopia.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the physicochemical properties and biological activities
of oil extracts from seed and leaves of koseret (L. adoensis var. koseret).

Methodology:

Soxhlet apparatus was used for oil extraction using hexane as a solvent. The
oil quality assessment was based on oil yield, acid value, percent free fatty acid, and peroxide
value, while the biological activities were investigated based on antioxidant and antimicrobial
activities. The antimicrobial experiment was arranged as 2 x1x4 in a completely
randomized factorial design with three replications.

Results:

The result indicated that significantly higher oil yield (2.25%), acid value (2.66%)
and free fatty acid (1.34%) were recorded for seed oil using the solvent extraction method.
Leaf oil was recorded to have significantly higher values of DPPH (2, 2- diphenyl-1-
picrylhydrazyl), ascorbic acid and total carotenoid contents, but a lower value of hydrogen
peroxide scavenging activity indicated that leaf oil presented higher antioxidant activity
than seed oil in koseret. The koseret leaf oil demonstrated stronger antibacterial activity
with a maximum zone of inhibition (14.50±0.21mm), minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC, 0.25μg/ml) and corresponding minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC,
0.25μg/ml) against S. aureus. Furthermore, leaf oil has also presented stronger antifungal
activity with a maximum zone of inhibition (14.83mm), MIC (0.25 μg/ml), and minimum
fungicidal concentration (MFC, 0.50 μg/ml) against Aspergillus versicolor.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded from the results of this study that leaf oil extract has
demonstrated better biological activities, including both antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials,
than seed oil in koseret.
Fault Diagnosis Method of Three-phase Inverter Based on Time Convolutional
Neural Network
Authors: Li Gang , Li Jing , He Yizhuo , Guo Qun
Published: June 2022

Power electronics converter is widely used in various applications. When the converter
failure occurs, the system will be damaged, so it is of great significance to timely detect the fault
and apply effective protection. In this paper, the open-circuit fault of the three-phase inverter is
taken as the main object. The time convolutional neural network (TCN) model is designed to realize
the fault diagnosis strategy of the inverter based on feature extraction. The simulated experimental
results show that the neural network model can realize high accuracy fault diagnosis for
different inverter circuits. The overall classification performance is good, and the loss is small. It
is shown that the time convolutional neural network method can diagnose different IGBT fault
intelligently in the inverter. It is proved that the neural network model is effective and feasible for
inverter circuit fault diagnosis.

Background:

Power electronics converter is widely used in various applications. When the converter
failure occurs, the system will be damaged, so it is of great significance to timely detect the
fault and apply effective protection.

Objective:

The open-circuit fault of the three-phase inverter is taken as the main object.

Method:

The time convolutional neural network (TCN) model is designed to realize the fault diagnosis
strategy of the inverter based on feature extraction.

Results:

The simulated experimental results show that the neural network model can realize high
accuracy fault diagnosis for different inverter circuits. The overall classification performance is
good, and the loss is small.

Conclusions:

It is shown that the time convolutional neural network method can diagnose different
IGBT fault intelligently in the inverter. It has been proved that the neural network model is effective
and feasible for inverter circuit fault diagnosis.
O reprezentacyjnych możliwościach muzyki w zapośredniczaniu komunikacji międzyludzkiej. Kilka przykładów
Authors: Mika Bogumiła
Published: June 2022

This article deals with the possibilities of representation in music, considering the social dimension of the art of sound and its communicative function. Music is understood here as a transmitter of specific meanings and symbols, a communicator of contents, and a mediator of interpersonal communication. It is particularly interesting for culture researchers, sociologists, ethnomusicologists, and semioticians. The text begins by presenting the standpoints of selected philosophers of music. Then the author describes several methodological proposals taking up the issue of the representational abilities of the music. The following are taken into account here: Werner Wolf's intermedial perspective, the position of ethnomusicologists and semioticians, the concepts of music sociologists (symbolic interactionism or the function of a representative public sphere), finally, the culturological proposal (including the issues of phonography, concrete music or audiosphere). The text does not aspire to a comprehensive approach to the subject of representation through music. Its kaleidoscopic presentation instead encourages one to follow an independently chosen path.
Opus 14 Hektora Berlioza: sztuka, życie artysty i filozofia egzystencjalna Eero Tarastiego
Authors: Gamrat Małgorzata
Published: June 2022

The article refers to two pieces by Hector Berlioz, which make up the opus 14: Symphonie fantastique. Épisode de la vie d’un artiste and opus 14b – the lyric monodrama for a voice recitante, tenor, baryton, choir, grand piano and orchestra entitled Lélio, ou le retour à la vie. The main stress was placed on the aspects of the life of the artist and art. visible on the level of literary content and compositional solutions. To better understand this opus the theory of existential semiotics by Eero Tarasti was incorporated into analytical work, and its chosen aspects used, were more fully presented (e.g., zemic model, relations of moi and soi, selected sign types: before-, post-, endo-, egzo-signs).
Muzyczne persony Madonny
Authors: Kopaniecki Jakub
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the issue of creating a stage image by famous music artists. In the first part, the author discusses the main forms of transmission of songs, which are music recording, album cover, music video, and live performance. Then, the key issue of artists taking specific stage personas is discussed. Their task is to legitimize the transmitted content and enhance its impression. In the next section, the author introduces the figure of Madonna, known as the Queen of Pop, and explains the functioning of the phenomena discussed in the previous sections using selected examples from her work. The author attempts to trace the process of creating stage personas and the meanings created and transferred within it. The author considers it the key to Madonna’s successful career dating back to the early 1980s.
Exploring Factors That Predict Marketing of e-Cigarette Products on Twitter: Infodemiology Approach Using Time Series
Authors: Ezike Nnamdi C , Ames Boykin Allison , Dobbs Page D , Mai Huy , Primack Brian A
Published: June 2022

Background

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (known as electronic cigarettes or e-cigarettes) increase risk for adverse health outcomes among naïve tobacco users, particularly youth and young adults. This vulnerable population is also at risk for exposed brand marketing and advertisement of e-cigarettes on social media. Understanding predictors of how e-cigarette manufacturers conduct social media advertising and marketing could benefit public health approaches to addressing e-cigarette use.

Objective

This study documents factors that predict changes in daily frequency of commercial tweets about e-cigarettes using time series modeling techniques.

Methods

We analyzed data on the daily frequency of commercial tweets about e-cigarettes collected between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2020. We fit the data to an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and unobserved components model (UCM). Four measures assessed model prediction accuracy. Predictors in the UCM include days with events related to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), non-FDA-related events with significant importance such as academic or news announcements, weekday versus weekend, and the period when JUUL maintained an active Twitter account (ie, actively tweeting from their corporate Twitter account) versus when JUUL stopped tweeting.

Results

When the 2 statistical models were fit to the data, the results indicate that the UCM was the best modeling technique for our data. All 4 predictors included in the UCM were significant predictors of the daily frequency of commercial tweets about e-cigarettes. On average, brand advertisement and marketing of e-cigarettes on Twitter was higher by more than 150 advertisements on days with FDA-related events compared to days without FDA events. Similarly, more than 40 commercial tweets about e-cigarettes were, on average, recorded on days with important non-FDA events compared to days without such events. We also found that there were more commercial tweets about e-cigarettes on weekdays than on weekends and more commercial tweets when JUUL maintained an active Twitter account.

Conclusions

e-Cigarette companies promote their products on Twitter. Commercial tweets were significantly more likely to be posted on days with important FDA announcements, which may alter the narrative about information shared by the FDA. There remains a need for regulation of digital marketing of e-cigarette products in the United States.