bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A perspective on additives for flexible packaging
Authors: Morris Barry A.
Published: July 2024

Additives have been critical to the growth of flexible packaging since its inception nearly 100 years ago. Additives help tailor the performance of new materials to meet packaging needs and to efficiently run on film converting and packaging equipment. Examples include antioxidants for thermo‐oxidative stability during extrusion, slip and antiblock agents to improve film handling and frictional properties, polymer process aides (PPAs) to delay the onset of flow instabilities and increase output, pigments for coloring films and creating light barrier, antifog agents to improve wetting of film surfaces, antistat agents to reduce static charge, and nucleating agents for increasing the rate of crystallization and controlling crystalline morphology. This paper provides a brief history of the development and use of additives in flexible packaging, focusing on polyolefins. It then looks forward at new challenges and opportunities for additive development. One area is regulatory driven, most recently replacing per‐and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)‐containing PPAs with non‐PFAS technology. The industry has had to respond very rapidly to changing regulations and introduce new technology. The challenge is understanding the impact of the new technology on performance. A second area is sustainability where additives will be critical for upgrading the performance of mechanically recycled post‐consumer packaging waste, redesigning flexible packaging structures so that they can be recycled in the PE‐stream, and using bio‐based or compostable polymers. New research methods such as high throughput experimentation, artificial intelligence and computer modeling and simulation will likely accelerate additive development in the future.

Highlights

Additives are critical for meeting flexible packaging performance needs.

Additives improve surface and bulk properties and processability.

Replacing PFAS‐containing process aides is a current area of focus.

Sustainability is driving new opportunities for additive development.

New research tools will help accelerate additive development.
Collaborative fire research program using donated human remains
Authors: George Rebecca L. , Passalacqua Nicholas V. , Solomon Darren A. , Schauble David M. , Bintz Brittania J. , Noel Hannah
Published: July 2024

Beginning in 2020, Western Carolina University (WCU)'s Forensic Anthropology Program began a research partnership with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) Fire Programs and Training Branch on burned human remains via a continuing education (CE) course. This course has evolved since its original inception to include a controlled burn utilizing donated human remains. The content of the CE course is primarily geared toward law enforcement, fire investigators, medicolegal investigators, and crime scene technicians. The 2021 course was the first to utilize a donor from WCU's Body Donation Program, a willed‐body program where donors or their next‐of‐kin can provide additional consent for skeletal modification and/or genetics studies. In addition to the educational purposes of running a controlled burn within a flashover cell, small research projects are also being conducted. Bullets were inserted into the 2021 donor to test various detection methods for utility within fire investigations. For the 2022 course, WCU's Forensic Science Program joined this partnership; they inserted seminal fluid into bodily cavities to examine the recovery of genetic material from a secondary contributor after a high‐intensity, low‐duration fire. The preservation of sharp force trauma in soft tissues was also examined during this course. Genetic material recovery was retested in the 2023 course, as well as examinations of cranial blunt force trauma and blood preservation within a scene. These courses are generating a sample of thermally altered human remains for future research and education, in addition to providing insights useful for fire investigators.

This article is categorized under:

Forensic Anthropology > Trauma Analysis

Forensic Anthropology > Taphonomic Changes and the Environment
Machine learning applied to tourism: A systematic review
Authors: Núñez José Carlos Sancho , Gómez‐Pulido Juan A. , Ramírez Rafael Robina
Published: July 2024

The application of machine learning techniques in the field of tourism is experiencing a remarkable growth, as they allow to propose efficient solutions to problems present in this sector, by means of an intelligent analysis of data in their specific context. The increase of work in this field requires an exhaustive analysis through a quantitative approach of research activity, contributing to a deeper understanding of the progress of this field. Thus, different approaches in the field of tourism will be analyzed, such as planning, forecasting, recommendation, prevention, and security, among others. As a result of this analysis, among other findings, the greater impact of supervised learning in the field of tourism, and more specifically those techniques based on neural networks, has been confirmed. The results of this study would allow researchers not only to have the most up‐to‐date and accurate overview of the application of machine learning in tourism, but also to identify the most appropriate techniques to apply to their domain of interest, as well as other similar approaches with which to compare their own solutions.

This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Society and Culture

Technologies > Machine Learning

Application Areas > Business and Industry
Altered S‐AdenosylMethionine availability impacts dNTP pools in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Panmanee Warunya , Tran Men T. H. , Seye Serigne N. , Strome Erin D.
Published: July 2024

Saccharomyces cerevisiae has long been used as a model organism to study genome instability. The SAM1 and SAM2 genes encode AdoMet synthetases, which generate S‐AdenosylMethionine (AdoMet) from Methionine (Met) and ATP. Previous work from our group has shown that deletions of the SAM1 and SAM2 genes cause changes to AdoMet levels and impact genome instability in opposite manners. AdoMet is a key product of methionine metabolism and the major methyl donor for methylation events of proteins, RNAs, small molecules, and lipids. The methyl cycle is interrelated to the folate cycle which is involved in de novo synthesis of purine and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides (dATP, dTTP, dCTP, and dGTP). AdoMet also plays a role in polyamine production, essential for cell growth and used in detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintenance of the redox status in cells. This is also impacted by the methyl cycle's role in production of glutathione, another ROS scavenger and cellular protectant. We show here that sam2∆/sam2∆ cells, previously characterized with lower levels of AdoMet and higher genome instability, have a higher level of each dNTP (except dTTP), contributing to a higher overall dNTP pool level when compared to wildtype. Unchecked, these increased levels can lead to multiple types of DNA damage which could account for the genome instability increases in these cells.
Enhancing Accessibility in Sports and Cultural Live Events: A Web Application for Deaf, Hard of Hearing, Blind, Low Vision, and All Individuals
Authors: Shiraishi Yuhki , Hiraga Rumi , Wakatsuki Daisuke , Kobayashi Makoto , Suzuki Takuya , Zhong Ying , Shionome Takeaki
Published: July 2024

This paper addresses the issue in live events, especially in sports viewing, where individuals who are deaf, hard of hearing (DHH), blind, or have low vision (BLV) struggle to access sufficient information. Traditionally, information accessibility has relied on specific professionals or volunteers, which is often inadequate. To tackle this challenge, we propose a mechanism that facilitates information sharing for all individuals, regardless of their abilities. We have developed an inclusive web application tailored to address these needs. This application is beneficial not only for DHH and BLV individuals but also for all audiences. Additionally, the system’s applicability extends to other domains, such as museum visits. This paper details the newly developed web application and presents the outcomes of pilot studies conducted in sports viewing and museum settings with DHH and BLV participants. The results of these experiments are analyzed to assess the system’s effectiveness and to identify future improvement areas.
Closed Sign Language Interpreting: A Usability Study
Authors: Boudreault Patrick , Abubakar Muhammad , Duran Andrew , Lam Bridget , Liu Zehui , Vogler Christian , Kushalnagar Raja
Published: July 2024

Closed sign language interpreting makes media accessible to deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers who use sign language as their primary mode of communication. Analogous to subtitles, this feature allows to toggle sign language interpretation on and off, and customize its appearance in conjunction with videos. This paper provides information on designing closed interpreting in a media player through a pair of mixed-method studies. The first study assesses the usability of technical sign language interpreting features, while the second one assesses how users interact with the content. Results indicate above-average usability for the technical features. Additionally, preliminary results suggest that the optimal configuration of the SLI depends on the type of content viewed and that user preferences vary. Overall, the customizability of features and placement will be important in closed-interpreting implementations.
Customization of Closed Captions via Large Language Models
Authors: Arroyo Chavez Mariana , Thompson Bernard , Feanny Molly , Alabi Kafayat , Kim Minchan , Ming Lu , Glasser Abraham , Kushalnagar Raja , Vogler Christian
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the feasibility of employing artificial intelligence and large language models (LLMs) to customize closed captions/subtitles to match the personal needs of deaf and hard of hearing viewers. Drawing on recorded live TV samples, it compares user ratings of caption quality, speed, and understandability across five experimental conditions: unaltered verbatim captions, slowed-down verbatim captions, moderately and heavily edited captions via ChatGPT, and lightly edited captions by an LLM optimized for TV content by AppTek, LLC. Results across 16 deaf and hard of hearing participants show a significant preference for verbatim captions, both at original speeds and in the slowed-down version, over those edited by ChatGPT. However, a small number of participants also rated AI-edited captions as best. Despite the overall poor showing of AI, the results suggest that LLM-driven customization of captions on a per-user and per-video basis remains an important avenue for future research.
A Novel Fatigue Crack Angle Quantitative Monitoring Method Based on Rotating Alternating Current Field Measurement
Authors: Yuan Xin’an , Li Wei , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao , Zhao Jianchao
Published: July 2024

Under complicated fatigue loading conditions, cracks initiate nd grow in the arbitrary direction from corrosion pits in the aerospace equipment. The monitoring of crack propagation angle is very important for the safety assessment of the aerospace equipment, which is still a challenge by the conventional structural health monitoring (SHM) method. In this paper, a novel crack angle quantitative monitoring method is presented based on the rotating alternating current field measurement (RACFM). A theoretical model of the crack angle measuring method is established to analyze the perturbation principle of the induced electromagnetic field. The relationships between the angle, length and depth of the crack and the Bz signal are analyzed. The probe and testing system are established, and experiments are carried out. The results show that the phase of the Bz signal has a linear relationship with the crack angle for the same crack, and the amplitude of the Bz signal can correct the crack angle for the different cracks. The angle of fatigue cracks can be quantitatively measured by the Bz phase difference method based on the RACFM.
The Weil correspondence and universal special geometry
Authors: Cecotti Sergio
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The Weil correspondence states that the datum of a Seiberg-Witten differential is equivalent to an algebraic group extension of the integrable system associated to the Seiberg-Witten geometry. Remarkably this group extension represents quantum consistent couplings for the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 QFT if and only if the extension is anti-affine in the algebro-geometric sense. The universal special geometry is the algebraic integrable system whose Lagrangian fibers are the anti-affine extension groups; it is defined over a base $$ \mathcal{B} $$
B
parametrized by the Coulomb coordinates and the couplings. On the total space of the universal geometry there is a canonical (holomorphic) Euler differential. The ordinary Seiberg-Witten geometries at fixed couplings are symplectic quotients of the universal one, and the Seiberg-Witten differential arises as the reduction of the Euler one in accordance with the Weil correspondence. This universal viewpoint allows to study geometrically the flavor symmetry of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFT in terms of the Mordell-Weil lattice (with Néron-Tate height) of the Albanese variety $$ {A}_{\mathbbm{L}} $$

A
L

of the universal geometry seen as a quasi-Abelian variety $$ {Y}_{\mathbbm{L}} $$

Y
L

defined over the function field $$ \mathbbm{L}\equiv \mathbb{C}\left(\mathcal{B}\right) $$
L
≡
ℂ

B

.
Page curves and replica wormholes from random dynamics
Authors: de Boer Jan , Hollander Jildou , Rolph Andrew
Published: July 2024

Abstract

We show how to capture both the non-unitary Page curve and replica wormhole-like contributions that restore unitarity in a toy quantum system with random dynamics. The motivation is to find the simplest dynamical model that captures this aspect of gravitational physics. In our model, we evolve with an ensemble of Hamiltonians with GUE statistics within microcanonical windows. The entropy of the averaged state gives the non-unitary curve, the averaged entropy gives the unitary curve, and the difference comes from matrix index contractions in the Haar averaging that connect the density matrices in a replica wormhole-like manner.
Landau singularities of the 7-point ziggurat. Part I
Authors: Lippstreu Luke , Spradlin Marcus , Volovich Anastasia
Published: July 2024

Abstract

We compute the leading (first-type Landau) singularities of a certain four-loop 7-point graph that is related to the 7-point “ziggurat” graph by the graphical moves familiar from equivalent circuit theory. We find perfect agreement with a subset of the “heptagon symbol alphabet” that has appeared in the context of planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills theory. The remaining heptagon symbol letters are found in its subleading Landau singularities, which we address in a companion paper.
Drinfel’d double of bialgebroids for string and M theories: dual calculus framework
Authors: Çatal-Özer Aybike , Doğan Keremcan , Yetişmişoğlu Cem
Published: July 2024

Abstract

We extend the notion of Lie bialgebroids for more general bracket structures used in string and M theories. We formalize the notions of calculus and dual calculi on algebroids. We achieve this by reinterpreting the main results of the matched pairs of Leibniz algebroids. By examining a rather general set of fundamental algebroid axioms, we present the compatibility conditions between two calculi on vector bundles which are not dual in the usual sense. Given two algebroids equipped with calculi satisfying the compatibility conditions, we construct its double on their direct sum. This generalizes the Drinfel’d double of Lie bialgebroids. We discuss several examples from the literature including exceptional Courant brackets. Using Nambu-Poisson structures, we construct an explicit example, which is important both from physical and mathematical point of views. This example can be considered as the extension of triangular Lie bialgebroids in the realm of higher Courant algebroids, that automatically satisfy the compatibility conditions. We extend the Poisson generalized geometry by defining Nambu-Poisson exceptional generalized geometry and prove some preliminary results in this framework. We also comment on the global picture in the framework of formal rackoids and we slightly extend the notion for vector bundle valued metrics.
A multidisciplinary approach to investigate the influence of process parameters on interlayer adhesion in material extrusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Lambiase Francesco , Liparoti Sara , Pace Francesco , Scipioni Silvia Ilaria , Paoletti Alfonso
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the influence of deposition conditions in material extrusion (MEX) on fracture toughness, with a specific focus on the interlayer adhesion. A full factorial experimental design was employed, varying three key parameters: the deposition strategy, the extrusion multiplier, and the extruder speed. Fracture toughness was assessed using double cantilever beam tests, following ASTM D5528 standards. Additionally, the study explores the influence of load direction through various deposition strategies, including 0/90 and ± 45 orientations. To gain deeper insights, real-time thermal analysis was conducted during deposition, utilizing an infrared thermal camera. This allowed to investigate the effect of deposition conditions on temperature history. Subsequent examination of fracture surfaces post-testing was performed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The findings reveal compelling evidence of the significant impact of the extrusion multiplier, printing speed, and deposition orientation on interlayer adhesion. In addition, the results indicated the presence of crystalline phase after deposition which was due to partially melting during depositions involving high material flow. This was due to the adoption of a semicrystalline filament. The adoption of the multidisciplinary approach enabled a better understanding of some phenomena occurring during the deposition (e.g., formation/existence of crystalline phase) that influence the adhesion behavior. These results underline the capability of such broad approach to analyze the influence of the processing conditions on the interlayer adhesion. Consequently, the developed analysis procedure represents a pivotal approach to study and optimize the MEX process and filament characteristics especially for semicrystalline polymers.
Seasonal changes in biodiversity of native and non-native amphipod taxa under diverse environmental contexts
Authors: Kazanavičiūtė Elžbieta , Dickey James W. E. , Soto Ismael , Haubrock Phillip J. , Kouba Antonín , Brennan Reid S. , Steffen Gregor , Briski Elizabeta
Published: July 2024

Anthropogenic disturbances are having strong, negative effects on aquatic systems globally, altering ecological communities and potentially creating vacant niches for both native and non-native species (NNS). Globalization and new trade routes have amplified the spread and establishment of NNS by connecting disturbed areas worldwide. In this study, we conducted a comparative assessment of seasonal variations in amphipod communities at three southeastern Baltic Sea locations – two anthropogenically impacted and one protected habitat – to determine if native and NNS diversity differed among these habitats. Our study revealed nine amphipod species - of which two were NNS - across all three habitats. The impacted habitats had significantly higher native species richness and lower NNS abundance. Grandidierella japonica was the only NNS found at the impacted habitas. In the case of the protected habitat, NNS Gammarus tigrinus was dominant for most of the year. In autumn, dominance shifted in favour of the native Gammarus locusta and Microdeutopus cf. gryllotalpa. Grandidierella japonica was not detected there. Although anthropogenically impacted habitats may be under higher invasion risk, other environmental factors, such as salinity and temperature, may be driving the establishment pattern of NNS and the resulting community structures. Furthermore, undisturbed and/or protected habitats may be highly vulnerable to invasions due to more tolerable environmental conditions, robust NNS populations and naïve native species to newcomers. Seasonality is an important aspect of ecological studies and must be taken into account, as omissions could potentially distort our understanding of the dynamics of ecosystems and prevent the detection of NNS.
A Typology of National Park Co-management Agreements in the Era of Reconciliation in Canada
Authors: Bruce Kai , Mulrennan Monica E.
Published: July 2024

Parks Canada, in response to commitments undertaken towards reconciliation, has signaled its readiness to reassess the participation of Indigenous peoples in the co-management of national parks, national park reserves, and national marine conservation areas (NMCAs). However, the effectiveness of co-management, as the established framework underpinning these and other longstanding partnerships between the state and Indigenous groups, has been disputed, based on an uneven track record in meeting the needs, interests, and aspirations of Indigenous communities. This paper explores the potential of co-management to facilitate reconciliation within national parks, reserves and NMCAs by developing a typology of various types of co-management agreements. Addressing a critical knowledge gap in co-management governance, we provide a comprehensive review of 23 negotiated co-management agreements involving the state and Indigenous groups in a national park context. The resulting typology categorizes these agreements according to contextual factors and governance arrangements, offering insights into the feasibility of shared governance approaches with Parks Canada. Moreover, it identifies the strengths and weaknesses of co-management agreements in fulfilling reconciliation commitments. Our findings indicate that, although Parks Canada has implemented innovative approaches to co-management and shown a willingness to support Indigenous-led conservation efforts, true shared governance with Indigenous groups, as defined by international standards, is limited by the Canadian government's evident reluctance to amend the foundational legislation to effectively share authority in national parks.
Aclarubicin: contemporary insights into its mechanism of action, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and clinical standing
Authors: Murzyn Aleksandra , Orzeł Justyna , Obajtek Natalia , Mróz Anna , Miodowska Dominika , Bojdo Patrycja , Gąsiorkiewicz Bartosz , Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk Paulina , Piska Kamil , Pękala Elżbieta
Published: July 2024

Aclarubicin (aclacinomycin A) is one of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotics with a multifaceted mechanism of antitumor activity. As a second-generation drug, it offers several advantages compared to standard anthracycline drugs such as doxorubicin or daunorubicin, which could position it as a potential blockbuster drug in antitumor therapy. Key mechanisms of action for aclarubicin include the inhibition of both types of topoisomerases, suppression of tumor invasion processes, generation of reactive oxygen species, inhibition of chymotrypsin-like activity, influence on cisplatin degradation, and inhibition of angiogenesis. Therefore, aclarubicin appears to be an ideal candidate for antitumor therapy. However, despite initial interest in its clinical applications, only a limited number of high-quality trials have been conducted thus far. Aclarubicin has primarily been evaluated as an induction therapy in acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia. Studies have indicated that aclarubicin may hold significant promise for combination therapies with other anticancer drugs, although further research is needed to confirm its potential. This paper provides an in-depth exploration of aclarubicin’s diverse mechanisms of action, its pharmacokinetics, potential toxicity, and the clinical trials in which it has been investigated.
Percutaneous transverse pinning for metacarpal fractures: a clinical trial
Authors: Pintore Andrea , Astone Alberto , Vecchio Gianluca , Asparago Giovanni , Calabrò Giampiero , Migliorini Filippo , Maffulli Nicola
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Metacarpal fractures account for 25%-50% of all hand fractures and may negatively impact hand function and ability to work. Percutaneous transverse pinning of non-articular metacarpal fractures allows mobilisation immediately after the procedure.

Methods

Between March 2017 and February 2022, 56 patients undergoing percutaneous transverse pinning for unstable metacarpal fractures were prospectively recruited. We investigated surgical outcomes in terms of Patient-rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) and pre-and post-operative radiographic evaluation. The Student t-test was used to compare the means of PRWHE values after surgery. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

The mean age was 40.21 ± 17.9 years (range of 16 to 86 years). The average operating time was 27.96 min. The mean follow-up period was 14.3 ± 6.4 months (from 2 to 41 months). The mean PRWHE score was 6.5 ± 1.8. None of the patients had clinically observable rotational deformities, and the functional outcomes were satisfactory.

Conclusion

Percutaneous transverse pinning for non-articular metacarpal fractures restores excellent function, and imaging results are satisfactory. Further high-quality clinical trials are required to validate these results on a larger scale.

Level of evidence

II, prospective cohort study.
Chorio-retinal vessel density in women affected by functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: a monocentric observational cross-sectional study to evaluate the impact of hypoestrogenism on chorio-retinal vascularization
Authors: Diterlizzi Alice , Tropea Anna , Angelini Emanuela , Cestrone Valentina , Fasciani Romina , Merola Annamaria , Notaristefano Giovanna , Policriti Martina Asia , Polimeno Teresa , Ranalli Monia , Savastano Maria Cristina , Tannous Ghazal , Versace Valeria , Rizzo Stanislao , Scambia Giovanni , Lanzone Antonio , Apa Rosanna
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is characterized by an estrogen deficiency which in turn can cause vascular dysfunction. The aim of this study is to evaluate any changes in the chorio-retinal circulation in patients affected by FHA. 24 patients with FHA and 24 age-matched controls underwent a gynecological evaluation and an OCT angiography (OCTA) to study chorio-retinal vascularization.

Results

OCTA in FHA patients showed an increase in vessel density in the choriocapillaris (CC) layer (both in the fovea area, at 5% p value = 0.037 and in the whole area, at 5% p value = 0.028) and an increase in vascular density in the deep fovea (DVP) (at 10% p value = 0.096) in the whole district compared to controls. Simple linear regressions show a significant negative association between CC vessel density and insulin (p = 0.0002) and glucose values (p = 0.0335) for the fovea district and a negative association between DVP vessel density and endometrial thickness (at 10%, p value: 0.095) in the whole district.

Conclusion

Our study shows that CC vessel density is increased in women affected by FHA. This could represent a compensation effort to supply the vascular dysfunction caused by estrogen deficiency. We also found an increasing trend in vascular density in DVP associated with the decrease of endometrial thickness, an indirect sign of estrogenization. Considering that these changes occur in absence of visual defects, they could be used as a biomarker to estimate hypoestrogenism-induced microcirculation changes before clinical appearance.
Recruitment chatbot acceptance in a company: a mixed method study on human-centered technology acceptance model
Authors: Akram Sabina , Buono Paolo , Lanzilotti Rosa
Published: July 2024

This study developed a Human-Centered Technology Acceptance Model (HC-TAM) for recruitment chatbots, integrating aspects of the traditional Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)(Davis in 1989) with a focus on human-centered factors such as transparency, personalization, efficiency, and ethical concerns, alongside the fundamental TAM constructs of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. The study shows that the intention to use technology is influenced by their perceptions of its usefulness and ease of use. By extending TAM to include human-centered considerations, this research aimed to capture the diverse factors that significantly influence users’ acceptance of chatbots in the recruitment process. A three-phase study has been carried out, each serving a distinct purpose. (a) Phase 1 focuses on defining primary themes through qualitative interviews with 10 participants, laying the foundation for subsequent research. (b)Building upon this foundation, Phase 2 engages 28 participants in a refined exploration of these themes, ending in a comprehensive landscape of user perspectives. (c) Finally, Phase 3 employs rigorous Structural Equation Modeling for theoretical framework examination, yielding critical constructs and hypotheses. Moreover, Phase 3 encompasses the thorough development of measurement instruments and extensive data collection, involving 146 participants through questionnaires, the study found that the acceptance of recruitment chatbots is significantly enhanced when these systems are designed to be transparent, provide personalized interactions, efficiently fulfill user needs, and address ethical concerns. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of technology acceptance in the context of recruitment, offering valuable insights for developers and designers to create chatbots that are not only technically advanced but also ethically sound, user-friendly, and effectively aligned with human needs and expectations in recruitment settings.
Expediting the design and development of secure cloud-based mobile apps
Authors: Chimuco Francisco T. , Sequeiros Joāo B. F. , Simōes Tiago M. C. , Freire Mário M. , Inácio Pedro R. M.
Published: July 2024

The adoption and popularity of mobile devices by end-users is partially driven by the increasing development and availability of mobile applications that can aid solving different problems and provide access to services in a wide range of domains or categories, namely healthcare, education, e-commerce or entertainment. While these applications use and benefit from the combination of a wide panoply of technologies from the Internet of Things, fog and cloud computing, data security and privacy are typically not fully taken into account before the creation of many mobile applications or during the software development phases. This paper presents an in-depth approach to modeling attacks on the specific cloud and mobile ecosystem, given its importance in the process of secure application development. Moreover, aiming at bridging the knowledge gap between developers and security experts, this paper presents an alpha version of the security by design for cloud and mobile ecosystem (secD4CloudMobile) framework. secD4CloudMobile is a set of tools that covers cloud and mobile security requirement elicitation (CMSRE), cloud and mobile security best practices guidelines (CMSBPG), cloud mobile attack modeling elicitation (CMAME), and cloud mobile security test specification and tools (CM2ST). The purpose of the framework is to provide cloud and mobile application developers useful readily applicable information and guidelines, striving to bring security engineering and software engineering closer, in a more accessible and automated manner, aiming at the incorporation of security by construction. Finally, the paper presents some preliminary results and discussion.
State-of-the-art: parametrization of hydrological and mechanical reinforcement effects of vegetation in slope stability models for shallow landslides
Authors: DiBiagio Amanda , Capobianco Vittoria , Oen Amy , Tallaksen Lena M.
Published: July 2024

The use of vegetation as a Nature-based Solution (NbS) for shallow landslide risk reduction is receiving increased attention in the scientific community. Vegetation can contribute to slope stability through both hydrological and mechanical processes. Slope stability models are valuable tools to quantify the performance of vegetation management as a slope stabilizing measure. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of how both the mechanical and hydrological effects of vegetation are parametrized in existing slope stability models. To this end, a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature published between January 2000 and June 2023 is conducted. The review has shown that existing slope stability models that include effects of vegetation, do so with various degrees of complexity with regard to how accurately they attempt to mimic the physical processes present in nature. There is a need for further validation of existing models, especially extended to areas in the global south and in colder regions. Moreover, studies of time dependency in vegetation reinforcement capabilities are lacking, an aspect which is especially important in the light of climate change. This review provides valuable guidance for researchers and practitioners in their choice of appropriate slope stability models for their studies.
Contrast-enhanced mammography for surveillance in women with a personal history of breast cancer
Authors: Matheson Julia , Elder Kenneth , Nickson Carolyn , Park Allan , Mann Gregory Bruce , Rose Allison
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Women with a personal history of breast cancer have an increased risk of subsequent breast malignancy and may benefit from more sensitive surveillance than conventional mammography (MG). We previously reported outcomes for first surveillance episode using contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM), demonstrating higher sensitivity and comparable specificity to MG. We now report CEM performance for subsequent surveillance.

Methods

A retrospective study of 1,190 women in an Australian hospital setting undergoing annual surveillance following initial surveillance CEM between June 2016 and December 2022. Outcome measures were recall rate, cancer detection rate, contribution of contrast to recalls, false positive rate, interval cancer rate and characteristics of surveillance detected and interval cancers.

Results

2,592 incident surveillance episodes were analysed, of which 93% involved contrast-based imaging. Of 116 (4.5%) recall episodes, 40/116 (34%) recalls were malignant (27 invasive; 13 ductal carcinoma in situ), totalling 15.4 cancers per 1000 surveillance episodes. 55/116 (47%) recalls were contrast-directed including 17/40 (43%) true positive recalls. Tumour features were similar for contrast-directed recalls and other diagnoses. 8/9 (89%) of contrast-directed invasive recalls were Grade 2–3, and 5/9 (56%) were triple negative breast cancers. There were two symptomatic interval cancers (0.8 per 1000 surveillance episodes, program sensitivity 96%).

Conclusion

Routine use of CEM in surveillance of women with PHBC led to an increase in the detection of clinically significant malignant lesions, with a low interval cancer rate compared to previous published series. Compared to mammographic surveillance, contrast-enhanced mammography increases the sensitivity of surveillance programs for women with PHBC.
‘Life Minus Illness = Recovery’: A Phenomenological Study About Experiences and Meanings of Recovery Among Individuals with Serious Mental Illness from Southern India
Authors: Hegde Srishti , Quadros Shalini , Appaji Rashmi , Acharya Vinita A.
Published: July 2024

Traditional medical models have given way to recovery-oriented approaches over the years in the management of individuals with serious mental illnesses. However, very little is known about such recovery-based models in the Indian context. This qualitative study used a phenomenological approach to explore the experiences and meanings of recovery among individuals with serious mental illness in southern India. Purposive sampling with maximum variation was used to recruit participants. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten participants, using a semi-structured interview guide. Thematic analysis resulted in three themes: “The illness journey,” “Life minus illness = Recovery,” and “It takes a village to recover,”. Illness and recovery seemed to be two sides of the same coin with the context playing an influential role in the perceptions of recovery. The term “recovery” seemed to be a misnomer giving the impression that one is expected to return to an illness free state.
Wages and Employment in the Netherlands, 2017–2023
Authors: Klinker Iris , ter Weel Bas
Published: July 2024

This research documents changes in employment and wages in the Netherlands for different types of workers. We compare 2017 to 2023 using regression-adjusted wages to make sure changes in composition of the workforce do not influence our estimates. The research period has been characterised by high labour demand, negative supply shocks, high levels of inflation and economic lockdowns, all of which have contributed to substantial labour-market dynamics. Our findings suggest that employment has been growing by 2 percent in the period 2017–2023, of which 1.8 percent has been due to additional workers finding employment. Women have experienced the largest increase in employment, while the employment of men on temporary contracts has slightly fallen. Wages have been rising for workers at the bottom of the wage distribution. From the median of the wage distribution onwards real gross hourly wages have been fallen. The most likely explanation for rising wages at the bottom is the stepwise increase in minimum wages enforced by new labour-market legislation.
A global analysis of the Rubus virome using public transcriptome data
Authors: Higuita Mónica , Pérez Alejandra , Gallo Yuliana , Gutiérrez Pablo A.
Published: July 2024

Viruses are the causal agent of some of the most limiting diseases in Rubus crops. In this regard, a detailed knowledge of the Rubus virome is essential for successfully implementing mitigation strategies and assessing the risk of the emergence of novel viral diseases. Fortunately, the widespread use of RNA sequencing to characterize diverse aspects of the biology of Rubus species can also be a valuable source of data on viruses associated with these hosts. Here, we present a meta-analysis of the Rubus virome based on the re-examination of public RNAseq data from nine Rubus species and 23 hybrid cultivars worldwide. As a result, we identified 23 viruses and one viroid associated with the genus Rubus. Detected viruses are part of eleven families and 26 genera. We also provide evidence of a second species in the genus Brambyvirus, and a novel member of the family Virgaviridae. Our data also revealed raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) to be the most prevalent and generalist Rubus virus. With respect to the number of species, the genus Ilarvirus and the family Closteroviridae were the most diverse taxonomic ranks affecting Rubus. Network analysis revealed distinct Rubus viromes in different countries and analysis of coinfections revealed three main viral communities infecting these plant species across the world. We also provide information on virus variants from new locations worldwide and data on potential emergent viruses from other plant hosts.
The Early Days of Neobanks in Europe: Identification, Performance, and Riskiness
Authors: Citterio Alberto , Marques Bernardo P. , Tanda Alessandra
Published: July 2024

This paper identifies banks born with a digital business model (‘neobanks’) and examines their performance and riskiness vis-à-vis traditional peers. We propose a novel approach to identify neobanks, based on non-financial hand-collected data, and identify 65 neobanks operating in Europe. We show that neobanks perform worse than their traditional peers, while recording a similar level of risk. Namely, neobanks charge higher interest income, record higher impairment charges, and face higher non-staff expenses. Further analysis suggests the presence of economies of scale and scope in digital banking. Our findings are robust to endogeneity concerns and changes to our baseline specification.
Chemical composition and studying the possible neuroprotective effect of iridoids-rich fraction from Pentas lanceolata leaves using rotenone model of Parkinson’s disease in mice
Authors: Afifi Ahmed H. , Sweelam Heba-Tollah M. , El-Shamarka Marwa E. , Orban Hisham A. , Elesawy Wessam H. , Nagata Maki , Shimizu Kuniyoshi , Abd-Alla Howaida I.
Published: July 2024

Parkinsonism is an age-related neurodegenerative illness that affects motor coordination leading to loss of dopaminergic neurons. Many medications are used for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease but are only symptomatic and have a limited effect on the progression of this ailment. Therefore, bioactive compounds which derived from plants have been examined for their ability to improve the neuronal damage and cell death happened in parkinsonian patients. In this study the iridoids-rich fraction isolated from Pentas lanceolata (PIRF) leaves was investigated for its phytoconstituents. Seven iridoids (1–7) and one flavonol diglycoside (8) were isolated, and their chemical structures were achieved by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and ESI–MS spectral data. Compound 1 (6β,7β-epoxy-8-epi-splendoside) and 5 (gaertneroside) were isolated for the first time from Pentas genus as well as compound 8 (kaempferol-3-O-robinobioside). The current study aims to investigate the possible anti-parkinsonian effect of PIRF using a rotenone model of Parkinsonism in mice. Behavioural tests (wirehanging, stair and wooden-walking tests) were done to examine the motor coordination in mice after treatment. Biochemical and histopathological examinations for brain striatum in different groups were also evaluated. Results revealed that rotenone-treated mice had poor motor functions described by depletion of dopamine and Ach levels, a significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1B, TNF-α and Mcp-1 and oxidative biomarkers with subsequent reduction in antioxidant mediators. Disorganization of striatum, degenerated neurocytes, slight vacuolation, shrunken neurons with pyknotic nuclei and apoptotic cells are displayed by histopathological examinations. Treatment with PIRF ameliorates the neurodegeneration-induced by rotenone in the brain of mice. The anti-parkinsonian effect of PIRF could be attributed to their bioactive constituents of iridoids.
Indicated Prevention for Children Screened in Routine Health Care: Effectiveness of a Social Skills Program on Social Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Zink Julia , Weniger Max , Porst Patricia Theresa , Siegmund Cornelia Beate , McDonald Maria , Rückert Frank , Roessner Veit , Knappe Susanne , Beesdo-Baum Katja
Published: July 2024

Social anxiety is common in childhood and potentially transitions into clinical disorders including depression. The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an indicated prevention program for children screened in routine care. Data came from the PROMPt project, a prospective implementation study (10/2018-09/2022) that explored a novel care chain, starting with screening with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) as part of regular health check-ups, followed by indicated assignment and participation in a prevention program. Questionnaires assessing anxiety and depression symptoms were administered shortly after screening or before program participation (T0), six months after screening or after program participation (T1) and at a follow-up, six months after T1 (T2). Children who participated in a group cognitive-behavioral social skills program (TT; n = 145) were compared using mixed model analyses with non-participating children who were either screened as normal (NOR; n = 894) or refused program participation despite indication (NoTT; n = 67). TT scores improved from T0 to T1 compared to NOR and NoTT (anxiety β = -0.71 and β = -0.71, social anxiety β = -0.46 and β = -0.52, depression β = -0.52 and β = -0.73). Improvement was maintained at T2. Moderation analyses showed a trend toward greater benefit for participants with higher baseline scores. Indicated prevention can improve anxiety and depression symptoms in children identified by screening in routine care. Systematic screening and targeted prevention may positively affect mental health of children on a population level.
Local learning landscapes: conceptualising place-based professional learning by teachers and schools in decentralised education systems
Authors: Greany Toby , Cowhitt Tom , Noyes Andy , Gripton Cath , Hudson Georgina
Published: July 2024

This article sets out an original conceptual framework for place-based professional learning by teachers and schools in decentralised education systems. High quality Continuing Professional Development and Learning by teachers is associated with improvements in children’s outcomes. Most research in this area focuses on evaluating formal professional development programmes provided by external, non-school organisations. However, in practice, much professional learning is informal and takes place ‘on the job’. Meanwhile, in many systems globally, school leaders have been granted increased autonomy, for example taking on responsibility for the recruitment and professional development of staff. In these contexts, traditional place-based providers of professional development, such as Local Authorities and school districts, have been rolled back, while school leaders have been encouraged to draw on a wider marketplace of provision. These developments might create space for agency and innovation, but also present risks in terms of coherence, quality, and equity. For these reasons, we argue that there is a need to conceptualise the ways in which formal and informal learning occurs across complex local learning landscapes. We describe the iterative process through which the conceptual framework was developed before setting out the framework itself and the bodies of research and theory which underpin it. We draw on our empirical research using the framework in England to illustrate its three main contributions: as a heuristic device, an analytical tool, and an example of methodological innovation. We conclude by highlighting key implications for educational stakeholders, arguing that strengthening coherence, quality and equity across local learning landscapes in decentralised school systems requires attention to system governance and design as well as leadership and locality dynamics.
NMR methods for studying inclusion complexes focused on chiral hosts
Authors: Jopa Sylwia , Wójcik Jacek , Ejchart Andrzej , Nowakowski Michał
Published: July 2024

Hosts, a key component of inclusion complexes, are cyclic oligomeric compounds containing a cavity in which another component of the complex is bound by non-covalent forces. Chiral hosts are particularly important and interesting because they allow the study of specific intermolecular interactions and molecular recognition. The most important classes of chiral hosts and their physicochemical properties are briefly reviewed. An important part of this Review is the description of selected concepts necessary to understand the properties and behavior of inclusion complexes studied by the most suitable analytical method for studying inclusion complexes—nuclear magnetic resonance.