bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexor Tendon Tenotomy Treatment of the Diabetic Foot: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Askø Andersen Jonas , Rasmussen Anne , Engberg Susanne , Bencke Jesper , Frimodt-Møller Marie , Kirketerp-Møller Klaus , Rossing Peter
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of needle flexor tendon tenotomy treatment of the diabetic hammertoe deformity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A multicenter randomized controlled trial of individuals with diabetes and ulcers or impending ulcers associated with hammertoes was performed between 1 November 2019 and 31 March 2021. Participants were stratified by the presence of ulcers or impending ulcers. Participants were randomly assigned to tenotomy and standard nonsurgical treatment or to standard nonsurgical treatment alone. Primary outcomes were time to ulcer healing and progression from impending ulcer to active ulcer.

RESULTS

Of 224 screened participants with diabetes, 95 (59.0% men) were included. The mean follow-up was 291 ± 70 days, 28 (29.5%) had type 1 diabetes, mean diabetes (presented with 25–75% quartile) duration was 20 (13–26) years, and mean age was 67.7 ± 9.8 years. Of the included participants, 16 had ulcers, of whom 8 were randomly assigned to intervention. Of the remaining 79 with impending ulcers, 39 were randomly assigned to intervention. For participants with ulcers, healing rates favored tenotomy (100% vs. 37.5%, P = 0.026) as did time to ulcer healing (P = 0.04). For those with impending ulcers, incidence of progression to an active ulcer was lower (1 vs. 7, P = 0.028) and the number of ulcer-free days higher (P = 0.043) in the tenotomy group. No serious adverse events were recorded.

CONCLUSIONS

This randomized study showed that the simple procedure of needle flexor tendon tenotomy was effective and safe when treating and preventing ulcers associated with the diabetic hammertoe deformity.
Daytime Behavior Patterns of Captive South China Tiger with Seasonal Differences
Authors: Qingbin Lu
Published: September 2022

The daytime behavior of South China tiger was studied in Hangzhou Safari Park from March 2019 to February 2021. The south China tiger was watched and recorded by instantaneous scanning method. The ethogram of the South China tiger was defined according to the actual observation. During the observation, 6 times were recorded every hour, and the interval of each recording was 5-10 min. The results showed that the dominant behaviors of South China tiger (Panthera tigris amoyesis) (behavior frequency ≥ 10%) were moving (29.73±4.96%), lateral lying (20.14±3.66%), prone lying (16.44±11.56) and watching (13.67±4.33%); The common behaviors (behavior frequency between 1% and 10%) were embellishing (5.85±0.81%), turning over (2.43±0.57%), marking (2.44±0.84%), feeding (2.21±1.04%), playing (1.33±0.96%), defecation (1.18±0.46%), vocalizing (1.14±0.44%) and grabbing (1.01±0.98%); The rare behaviors (behavior frequency < 1%) were sniffing (0.71±0.37%), holding objects (0.64±0.64%), cunnilingus (0.54±0.81%), supine (0.36±0.29%), straddling (0.11±0.22%) and yawning (0.10±0.20%). Therefore, South China tiger has the problem of long rest time, short moving and feeding time. In the long run, it will lead to some psychological and physiological problems, so it may be one of the effective ways to improve this situation by increasing the feeding difficulty of South China tiger. Principal component analysis showed that the behavior pattern of South China tiger was mainly formed by marking, lateral lying, prone lying, watching, embellishing and moving. Owe to oestrus and physiological factors, the marking behavior time in spring and summer was significantly higher than that in autumn and winter. Related to climate, the lateral lying behavior time in autumn and winter was very significantly higher than that in spring and summer, the prone lying behavior time in spring and summer was very significantly higher than that in autumn and winter, so it is speculated that moderate interference is conducive to improve the behavior diversity of South China tiger. The time of embellishing behavior in spring was significantly higher than that in the other three seasons, which was related to hair changing. The time of watching behavior has very significantly different among autumn-winter, spring and summer, while the time of moving behavior in summer was very significantly lower than that in the other three seasons, indicating that certain measures need to be taken to appropriately reduce the time of stereotyped behavior in autumn, winter and spring.
Educational Intervention Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis in a Community in the Municipality of Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba
Authors: Duarte Rigoberto Fimia
Published: September 2022

A prospective descriptive study after study research and development, with the aim of proposing an educational strategy in the community led to the knowledge of tuberculosis, in the area of university teaching polyclinic “Twentieth anniversary” of the municipality of Santa Clara was conducted in a first stage and province Villa Clara, Cuba. The study covered the period from July 1, 2017 to July 31, 2018. The study included an adult population of both sexes aged 15 years, which were conducted random sampling random 360 people for implementation surveys and identify learning needs on the model of David Leiva. The correlation between knowledge and prevention measures showed that 89.2% of people are not aware and do not know the preventive measures to avoid infection of tuberculosis or minimize damage. It is concluded that in the study population there are gaps in learning tuberculosis because of ignorance of it.
The Morphology and Description of Glaridacris catostomi Cooper, 1920 (Cestode: Caryophyllidae) from Catostomid Fishes in Lakes and Rivers of Wisconsin, with Morphological Observations
Authors: Amin Omar M
Published: September 2022

Thirteen species in 8 genera of caryophyllid cestodes including Glaridacris catostomi Cooper, 1920 were found in Catostomus commersoni (Lacépède), Cyprinus carpio (Raf.), and Erimyzon sucetta (Lacépède) in 2 lakes and 2 streams in SE Wisconsin and/or SW Lake Michigan. The morphology of the Wisconsin populations of G. catostomi is revisited using light microscopy revealing new features of the scolex and reproductive organs. The development of scolex and some reproductive structures were observed in maturing specimens. We describe new specimens and provide a comparative morphometric data with other earlier descriptions by Cooper, Hunter, and Mackiewicz. Our specimens were largest compared to those examined by other observers and many structures were correspondingly larger. The status of the genus Glaridacris was discussed in terms of most recent taxonomy and its evolutionary relationships.
Optimizing a Variational Quantum Classifier through the Behavior Analysis of its Components
Authors: Haque A. K. M. Fazlul
Published: September 2022

Quantum computer introduces a novel approach to process information. In quantum information processing, the law of quantum mechanics is applied to solve many practical computational problems. Classification is one such problem that can be resolved efficiently with the gate model quantum computer. There are several types of classifiers available in quantum domain, such as- variational quantum classifier (VQC), Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM) with Kernel Approximation, Hybrid Quantum Neural Network (QNN) etc. However, in this study, the mathematical similarities between VQC and classical support vector machine (SVM) and the components of the VQC are analyzed to optimize the performance of the classifier. For the convenience of the study, publicly available datasets, such as- IRIS dataset and Breast cancer dataset, are used in the experiments. IRIS dataset is brought into play for the testing and breast cancer dataset dimension reduced by Principle component analysis (PCA) is for validity test of the optimized VQC. After studying the VQC components in detail, it is found that the optimized VQC outperforms some of the classical machine learning algorithms or sometimes works as similar as classical SVM. The optimized VQC algorithm classifies IRIS dataset with 100% of accuracy and PCA dimension reduced Breast cancer dataset with 90% of accuracy. All of these studies are conducted with the help of Qiskit- an open-source software development kit (SKD) which is developed by IBM. So, the quantum device is considered to be ideal in every experiment.
Population Status and Distribution of Nigerian White-Throated Monkey (Cercopithecus Erythrogaster Pococki) in Okomu National Park Edo State Nigeria
Authors: VA Ojo
Published: September 2022

The population status and distribution of the Nigerian White-Throated Monkey (Cercopithecus erythrogaster pococki) were studied in Okomu National Park in Edo State, Nigeria, over two years using line transects. Data were analyzed using Distance Sampling Analysis (CDSA) engine option in DISTANCE software version 6.0. The results show that after a survey effort of 216 km, 950 troops totaling 39,203 individuals were sighted with the troops' mean encounter rate (mER) of 4.4 km2 and individual mER of 18.29/km2. Furthermore, the dry season distribution estimates of C. erythrogaster pococki were highest in the Arakhuan range (Number of Troops Encountered (NTE) = 31; Number of individuals Encountered (NIE) = 1,350; mER = 2.95/km, density = 5.90/km-2) and lowest in the Babui range (NTE = 26; NIE = 1,120; mER = 0.38/km, density = 2.13/km2 ). Moreover, during the wet season, the Arakhuan range had the highest population of C. erythrogaster pococki (NTE = 22; NIE = 1384; mER = 2.1/km, density = 3.13/km-2) and Babui had the lowest (NTE = 19; NIE = 917; mER = 1.57/km; density = 1.75/km-2). Also, the most common age class of C. erythrogaster pococki in ONP was adult during both seasons. Their mean encounter rates were 3.79 and 2.09/km, while densities were 2.991.86 and 2.241.04/km-2 in dry and wet seasons, respectively. Result shows white-throated monkey in all the Ranges of Okomu National Park, with Arakhuan Range harboring the highest population estimates of this primate specie. The study also shows more adults than juveniles and sub-adults in the ranges during the study area in both seasons. It is recommended that the managers of Okomu National Park must improve their conservation education and community outreach and activities in communities around the park and continue to build goodwill amongst and trust from the residents of local communities around ONP.
Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Novel Nicotinamide Derivatives Containing Sugars
Authors: M Sebaiy Mahmoud
Published: September 2022

A series of nicotinamide derivatives tailed with monosaccharides via hydrazones linkage have been synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against the NCI tumor panel. These conjugates were synthesized by acid catalyzed condensation of N-(4-(hydrazinecarbonyl) phenyl) nicotinamide with corresponding monosaccharides. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR and elemental analysis. Weak anticancer activity was observed against the NCI 60 cell line screening.
Isolation of Three New Substituted Disaccharides from Leaves and Stems of Phlox Drummondii
Authors: Aslam Bhatti Huma
Published: September 2022

We currently work with fresh, undried and uncrushed flowers, leave and stems which were used to avoid the formation of artifacts through aerial oxidation and enzymatic degradation. These studies have led to the isolation of three new constituents. 2-O-(β-3′-O-acetyl,4′-O-isovaleroyl-rhamnopyranosyl)-1-O-hexyl,3-O-acetyl-β-xylopyranose (Compound 1), 2-O-(β-2′,3′- Di-O-acetyl,4′-O-isovaleroyl-rhamnopyranosyl)-1-O-hexyl,3,4-di-O-acetyl-β-xylopyranose (Compound 2) and 2-O-(β-3′-Oacetyl,4′-O-isovaleroyl-rhamnopyranosyl)-1-O-hexyl,3,4-di-O-acetyl-β-xylopyranos, along with one known 4-hydroxy benzoic acid have been isolated from the leaves and stems of Phlox drummondii. Their structures have been established through chemical and spectral studies including two dimensional NMR (COSY 450 , NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) experiments.
Analytical Method Development and Validation of Flecainide Acetate by Chromatographic and Spectrophotometric Techniques
Authors: K Redasani Vivekkumar
Published: September 2022

The aim of the present work is to establish three simple, economical and rapid methods for the quantification of Flecainide acetate in bulk drug and in tablets formulation. This study is designed to validate and developed spectroscopic and chromatographic methods as per ICH guidelines. In Method A, area under curve (AUC) of zero-order spectrum was recorded between 277.00 and 310.00nm. Linearity was found in the concentration range of 20-120μg/ml. In Method B, zero-order spectra were derivatized into first-order and the AUC was recorded between 280.00 and 310.20 nm. The linearity was found in the conc. range of 20-120μg/ml. In Method C, separation was achieved using RP-HPLC by gradient elution using a C18 Qualisil BDS (250mm×4.5mm×5µm) column, a mobile phase consisting of water: acetonitrile (60:40 v/v) with mobile phase pH adjusted with orthophosphoric acid (pH 3.0), a flow rate of 1.0ml/min and UV detection at 296nm. The linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 10-50μg/ml. The developed methods are validated successfully across various parameters in accordance with ICH guidelines. Thus, the proposed methods can be used for routine analysis of Flecainide acetate as it does not showed any interference of excipients when estimated in pharmaceutical formulations.
Determination of Mixderm Cream: A Comparative Study Applied on Quaternary Mixture
Authors: Salem Hesham
Published: September 2022

A comparative study for the validation of two analytical approaches applied for the simultaneous determination of betamethasone valerate (BV), tolnaftate (TF), gentamicin (GM), and clioquinol (CQ) formulated in mixderm® cream. The first approach was TLC-spectrodensitometric method, which was advanced by separating the four components on TLC aluminum plates using chloroform-methanol-acetic acid-formic acid (6:1:0.15:0.25, v/v/v/v) as a mobile phase, then scanned at 254 nm. The detection limit is in the range 0.07–0.48 mg mL−1. The second approach was the chemometric method using two models: partial least squares (PLS) and principle component regression model (PCR). The proposed approacheswere validated according to ICH guidelines were applied for the determination of the quaternary mixtures in their analytical mixtures and pharmaceutical preparations.
Literature Review on Spectrophotometric, Chromatographic and Voltammetric Analysis of Ivermectin
Authors: M Sebaiy Mahmoud
Published: September 2022

We will present the majority of the most recent published methods for determining the anti parasitic drug, Ivermectin in its pure form, combined form with other drugs, combined form with degradation products, and in biological samples in this literature review. This review also deals with the effectiveness of Ivermectin in treatment of COVID-19.
Research of Phytochemical Marker in Trunk Bark Extracts of Lannea microcarpa, a Traditional Herbal used to Treat High Blood Pressure
Authors: Ouedraogo Salfo
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Lannea microcarpa is a medicinal plant that is an alternative source of medical care for many people. It contains several compounds, some of which are present in very low concentrations. Objective: This study aims to search for a phytochemical tracer among the chemical groups in the plant for quality control. Methodology: The extracts were prepared by decoction from the trunk bark powder, freeze-dried and then fractionated successively with solvents to increase polarity. The antioxidant properties by DPPH method were studied and compared. A phytochemical screening was determined by TLC and evaluation of the contents of phytochemicals. LC-MS/MS fingerprinting of the ethyl acetate fraction was performed. Results/Discussion: The antioxidant activity of the freeze-dried aqueous extract was higher than that of the raw trunk bark powder. CCM screening indicated the presence of several compounds with three intense spots. The assays showed that phenolic compounds were in the majority. The evaluation of the fractions showed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the best content of total phenols and total flavonoids with the best antioxidant powers (IC50: 3.63 ± 0.16 μg /mL). The LC-MS/MS fingerprinting of the ethyl acetate extract revealed three major compounds detected that could serve as tracers. Conclusion: These compounds are related to the phenolic family concerning the standard myricetin, a flavonoid of the phenolic family.
Heavy Metals Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Three Fish Species, Surface Water and Sediment Samples in Ogbaru Axis of River Niger, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: F Ojaniyi Opeyemi
Published: September 2022

Human activities on environmental resources have negatively affected floras and faunas in maintaining fair balance. In this research study, selected heavy metals (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, Ni, Zn) concentration in three fish species (Clarias gariepinus, Heterotis niloticus and Anguilla labiate), surface water and sediment samples in Ogbaru axis of River Niger, Anambra State, Nigeria. We evaluated the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The result of heavy metal analysis in fish samples showed that in decreasing order in Clarias garipinus in increasing order of Cu >Fe > Ni > Hg > Pb > Zn > As > Cd > Al > Cr, while Heterotis niloticus followed the order Cu > Zn > Fe > Ni > Pb > Cd > Al > As > Hg > Cr, and Anguilla labiate followed the pattern of Cu > Fe > Zn > Ni > Pb > Cd > Cr > As > Hg > Al. For surface water, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg and Pb showed high concentration for the raining season compared to dry season, as Al, Ni and Zn were dominant during dry season, while sediment samples of Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb concentration in raining season were higher than dry season and vice versa for other As, Cd, Fe, Hg, Zn. Correlation matrices showed positive value showing that heavy metals were from a similar source with migration route and vice versa for negative correlation. Health and exposure risk assessment was conducted for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic exposure in adults and children, where the cumulative cancer risk was within USEPA regulatory standard and cumulative hazard index were above 1 for adults (2.02) and children (4.93), implying that children are at risk of having adverse health issues compared to adults. Therefore, there is a need for regulatory advocacy and special care to mitigate anthropogenic release and safeguard the environment.
Determination of Selected Heavy Metals from Treated Industrial Waste Discharge in Tea Industries and Sugar Industries
Authors: Daniel Andere Makwata
Published: September 2022

Industrial waste contains organic compounds, sediments, salts, grease, oxygen demanding materials and heavy metals. During treatment not all those components are removed before they are discharged to rivers and other water bodies near the industries. Some harmful compounds remain in the treated industrial waste hence posing a very high health and environmental risk to the human kind using the water bodies near industries. This research specifically targeted lead and copper by ascertaining the concentration in the several samples collected from the treated industrial waste discharge down the stream from the point of discharge and the upstream of the river from the point of discharge. This study mainly focused on copper and lead due to their serious potential health hazards such as brain damages, premature birth, cardiovascular effects, kidney failure and reproductive problems to people living around these industries.
Determination of Microbeads from Paste in Some Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products
Authors: Y Shareef Mohammed
Published: September 2022

Since the study of microplastics has only emerged in the last few years, there is a gap in research in terms of the analysis and quantification of microplastics in cosmetic pastes. Consequently, the main aim of this project was to develop an optimal analytical method for the separation and quantification of microbeads from cosmetic pastes in order to address this emerging global issue. Liquid solid extraction of microplastics from cosmetic paste through filtration under vacuum was implemented. And quantification with standard addition and characterisation via infrared spectroscopy and light microscopy were used. Optimal extraction conditions were established which consists of boiled distilled water and vacuum filtration using Büchner funnel of 125 mm diameter. Recovery from different pastes had 94.64 %, 85.09 % and 92.30 % microbead recovery which indicated that the extraction method proved to be efficient. Repeatability was found to be supportive of findings. The microbeads were analysed under light microscopy where it was established that the microplastics extracted from the cosmetic pastes were smaller than 1 mm in size. An ideal method was developed for the extraction and quantification of microbeads from pastes. From this research project it was also deduced that paste matrix affects the recovery of microbeads from the product. Thus, standard addition approach must be carried out for each paste for quantification with high trueness.
Knowledge and Perception Assessment of Pharmacy Technicians on Biosimilars at the University Hospital Center -Tlemcen
Authors: Berradia Amina
Published: September 2022

Biosimilars are similar products, but not identical, to a reference biological drug already approved by the authorities, whose protection certificate has expired. Biosimilars have recently been introduced at Tlemcen University Hospital Center (TUHC). Pharmacy technicians are essential health actors for good distribution and use of biodrugs in particular biosimilars within the TUHC. For this, we have done a study to assess the knowledge of pharmacy technicians on biosimilars as well as their opinion on their efficacy-safety profiles. The data collection was carried out by the distribution of a questionnaire with 12 questions (Figure 1). We have analyzed the questionnaires of the 10 pharmacy technicians who agreed to join our study. More than half of pharmacy technicians could not correctly define a biosimilar. In addition, according to the answers provided, the stages of development and approval of biosimilars are not well known. Continuous training on the topic of biosimilars is necessary in order to raise awareness in this category of the importance of rigorous monitoring of these treatments within the TUHC. Regarding the accessory goal of the questionnaire attributed to pharmacy technicians, to provide their opinions on the efficacy and safety of biosimilars according to their daily professional experience, a large part of pharmacy technicians has expressed a satisfaction with the efficiency and safety of these drugs. However, since a certain category of pharmacy technicians affirms to witness suspicion of side effects of biosimilar treatment without informing the Central Pharmacy, it is imperative to raise awareness of the need to declare them to regional and national pharmacovigilance centers.
Transgenic Cotton Plants Expressing Spidroin Gene Presenting Increased Fiber Quality
Authors: J Davarpanah
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Spider silks are the strongest and most elastic fibers known in the nature. Cotton is also one of the most important crops in the world which increasing the quality of its fibers is of great importance in the textile industry, so the production of longer and stronger cotton fibers is of great importance. The aim of this study was to produce transgenic cotton fibers containing MaSp1 cobweb protein. Material and Methods: A synthetic construct was designed based on a selected fragment of Latrodectushesperus MaSp1 gene. The gene was then cloned twice inpCAMBIA1304 binary vector using different restriction enzymes (NcoI and NheI; EcoR1 and NheI). Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404strain was transformed by recombinant vectors which are used to transform cotton plants. The accuracy of the results was confirmed using PCR, hygromycin resistance gene and recombinant protein expression. Finally, the fiber strength of transgenic cotton was measured by two vectors. Result: MaSp1 synthetic gene was transferred to the plant meristem. The study of transgenic plants in the next generations confirmed the accuracy of gene transfer and expression of recombinant protein. Conclusion: Considering the economic role of cotton in the world and also having the third rank among the industrial plants of the country, this study succeeded in producing transgenic cotton plants expressing Masp1 protein with increased fiber quality.
A Review of Pharmaceutical Compounds as an Emerging Aquatic Pollutant
Authors: Velayudhannair Krishnakumar
Published: September 2022

Because of the negative effects on aquatic organisms, pharmaceutical compounds in the aquatic ecosystem are becoming a growing global concern. Pharmaceutical compounds from various drug classes and metabolites have been detected in various aquatic environments and are due to the improper disposal and sewage treatment. There is information available about the acute toxicity of some pharmaceutical compounds. However, chronic toxicity and its potential consequences in aquatic organisms are poorly understood. This review focuses on the environmental concentrations of major pharmaceutical classes, their mode of action in aquatic organisms, and their Eco toxicological effects based on current knowledge about pharmaceuticals in the environment. It is concluded that more targeted Eco toxicological studies are required in the future for better and more comprehensive risk assessments of pharmaceutical compounds.
Telmisartan Matrix Tablets Using Trigonella foenum-graecum Seed Mucilage: Fabrication and Description
Authors: Nagaraj Kutmalge
Published: September 2022

The authors aimed to create Telmisartan (TSN) tablets with a long half-life by combining herbal and synthetic polymers. TSN matrix tablets were made with Trigonella foenum-graecum seed mucilage (TFGSM) and ethyl cellulose. The proposed tablets were tested for official and non-official tests, including TSN discharge, and the flow properties of the blend were evaluated. TSN matrix tablets have a high TSN and meet the pre-and post-formulation requirements. There were no chemical interactions between TSN and the polymers used in the study. When coupled with other polymers, TFGSM was proven to be a useful polymer for managing medicine release.
Comparative Study of Medical Devices in USA, Europe and India
Authors: Ghosh Manik
Published: September 2022

Any medical equipment must get a marketing authorisation from a regulatory authority before it can be sold. Obtaining authorization is a lengthy, multi-step process that requires relevant authorities to review material. After analyzing the information given by the Manufacturer, the concerned Regulatory authority provides marketing authorization. Manufacturers in the United States must apply to the US Food and Drug Administration for Marketing Authorization (USFDA). There are two types of applications in the United States: 510(k) and Pre-Market Application (PMA). The marketing of medical devices is permitted by national authorities in the EU. Notified Bodies (Third Parties) ensure Quality Assurance both before and after approval via third-party compliance. The sale and import of medical devices are approved by India’s Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO). The CLAA scheme regulates medical devices. The central licensing authority for medical devices in India is the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI). This study aims to collect information on medical device regulations in three regions: the United States, the European Union, and India, and compare market authorization provisions in each region, as well as make this complex subject easier to understand for the readers. The medical device sector is made up of several different sorts of items that are used for a variety of purposes. Medical devices must be governed by tight rules according to the different risk categories since their safety and effectiveness are critical to human health. A common framework for medical device regulations is a comprehensive product life cycle regulatory system that includes product design, manufacture, premarket gatekeeping, and post market monitoring. Medical gadgets, on the other hand, are diverse and inventive, putting current regulatory systems to the test. As a result, competent authorities in charge of medical devices around the world are constantly updating their regulatory systems to ensure that medical devices are safe and effective. The goal of this study is to provide an overview of the regulatory regimes for medical devices in the United States.
Design and Development of Mebendazole Lozenges by Natural Polymers
Authors: Kumar Y Shravan
Published: September 2022

Mebendazole is an anti-helminthic drug used to treat infections caused by worms. It works by keeping the worm from absorbing sugar (Glucose), So that the worm loses energy and dies. There are many dosage forms like syrups, tablets, ODT`s available in the market but still there is need for new dosage form which acts effectively and locally for paediatrics and geriatric people with difficulty in swallowing. The local acting mechanism of mebendazole makes it more suitable to formulate as lozenges. The hard candy lozenges were formulated using sugar as a base Xanthum gum, Guar gum and Neem gum are used as natural polymers. The usage of liquid glucose in the formulation made the lozenges smooth which helped in improving the elegance of the formulation. Stevia was used as sweetener. Sweetener along with flavours is used to mask taste of drug. The formulation of hard Candy lozenges was subjected to physico-chemical as well as in vitro drug release. Among all the formulations of hard candy lozenges formulation F7 had shown in vitro drug release of 99.9% at the end of 30min.
Algorithm of the successive approximation method for optimal control problems with phase restrictions for mechanics tasks
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dzyuba A. , Torskyy A. ,   Pidstryhach Institute for Applied Problems of Mechanics and Mathematics, NASU; Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: September 2022

The algorithm of the method of successive approximations for problems of optimal control in the presence of arbitrary restrictions on control and phase variables is proposed. The approach is based on the procedures of consistent satisfaction of the necessary conditions of optimality in the form of Pontryagin's maximum principle. The algorithm application for the problems of weight optimization of power elements of structures in the presence of constraints of strength, rigidity, and technological requirements is demonstrated.
Estimation of tendencies, homogeneity and stationarity of air temperature at the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station during 1951—2020
Authors: Gorbachova L. , Khrystiuk B. , Shpyg V. , Pishniak D.
Published: September 2022

In this paper results of the complex analysis of surface air temperature tendencies investigations at the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station are represented. Antarctica is a region that has a high rate of surface air temperature increase. The Antarctic Peninsula has experienced particularly fast warming, which has the highest temperature rise in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, in Antarctica, the study of surface air temperature change is important.

The Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station is located on Galindez Island near the Antarctic Peninsula. Investigation of the surface air temperature is especially relevant to the Akademik Vernadsky station, because it has difficult conditions for its formation. The research goal is the estimation of tendencies, homogeneity and stationarity of the annual and mean monthly values of surface air temperature at the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station based on a combined approach with the use of several statistical and graphical methods. The use of various statistical methods that differ in characteristics (sensitivity to the law of distribution, autocorrelation, etc.) allows obtaining more reliable estimates. Graphic methods give an opportunity to analyze the tendencies over time and its change periods, the cyclical fluctuations and their characteristics (phases of increase and decrease, their duration, synchronicity, in-phase). Therefore, 4 statistical tests (standard normal Alexandersson test, Buishand test, Pettitt test, von Neumann relation) and 2 graphical methods (mass curve and residual mass curve) were used in the study.

At the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station, the observation series of the mean annual air temperature are quasi-homogeneous and quasi-stationary, as it has only a cooling phase and a warming phase of long-term cyclical fluctuations, which are also unfinished. The transition from the cooling phase to the warming phase took place in 1982. Tendencies in mean monthly air temperatures are similar to tendencies in mean annual temperatures. The differences are only for some months, namely, for the period from September to December.
Ketimpangan Gender Dalam Kajian Keagamaan Dewan Dakwah Lampung
Authors: Masykuroh Siti , Sudarman Sudarman
Published: September 2022

Public religious learning regularly held by Dewan Dakwah Lampung (Dakwah Council of Lampung) often contains issues of women and gender. Yet, their understanding of gender and women issues is largely influenced by religious interpretations, cultural stereotypes and juridical facts which do not preside with women, so that many of their advises on women issues are laden with gender inequalities. This is at odds with Islamic tenets on values of equality and respect to human dignity, irrespective of gender difference.  On the basis of this problem, there is a need to redesign the contents of religious learning, one that is free from gender bias and is based on the gender quality principles. This effort then should be manifested in the form of learning modules, representing religious messages that are gender-equality-friendly, written in a persuasive language, printed in a charming style, and then spread to religious believers. This effort is important   because historical facts have pointed to  the seclusion of  women  in and by many traditions. Thus, if more chances are given to women to compete with men in a sportive manner, it is more likely that they will achieve as many prosperity as their men peers do.
Deradikalisasi Agama: Proses Pelembagaan Nilai-Nilai Agama Pada Siswa SMA Di Kota Padang
Authors: Darmaiza Darmaiza , Idris Mhd.
Published: September 2022

The exclusiveness of religious understanding cannot be separated from the transformation of values obtained by individuals on the bench of formal education. Actually, religious education in the schools is provided in short time, only two hours a week. As a consequence, if they do not get additional religious lessons from parents or religious teachers in their environment, it is also possible for these children to seek wild understanding of religion in the midst of the swift flow of digital media and the internet. The survey research results from the Islamic Studies and Peace Institute (LaKIP) Jakarta 2010 need to be underlined. His findings are really worrying, that almost half of students in Jabodetabek expressed their agreement to radical actions. This study aims to determine how the process of institutionalizing religious values in students high school in the city of Padang. The method used in this study is a qualitative method and snowball technique as a sampling technique. While data collection using interview methods and field documentation. Data obtained from the results of the interview will be transcribed and then reduced to select the appropriate data so that the data presented is representative. After doing research, it was found that the values of diversity have been applied to every activity in the school such as reading al-Qur`an and Asmaul Husna before starting lessons, circumcision Duha prayer, obligatory prayer in congregation, Graduation Tahfizh and others. From interviews with students in the sample schools it was found that 100% of them rejected the understanding of radicalism. The 60% rejection benchmarks are religion, 30% are law and law and 10% are on other grounds.
Islam Toleran: Membangun Harmoni Beragama Berbasis Spiritual
Authors: Putra Andi Eka , Rohmatika Ratu Vina
Published: September 2022

Many methods have been tried and pursued in order to build a tolerant Islam in Indonesia. The various methods that have been tried are dialogue with its various models, ethnic communication, religious harmony, and cooperation. Theoretically, several approaches have been taken and implemented in order to build genuine tolerance. One of the significant and contextual theoretical approaches in building tolerant Islam in Indonesia is through the Sufism approach or the Islamic spiritual path. Spiritual expression emphasizes harmony, openness and acceptance of others which is true, without further ado or false tolerance. Spirituality is the core of diversity in Indonesia that can be offered to the world.
Prasasti Dalung Kuripan; Dokumentasi Perjanjian Banten – Lampung Tahun 1552 M
Authors: Hakiki Kiki Muhamad , Effendi Effendi , Badruzaman Badruzaman , Badi’ah Siti , Musofa Ade
Published: September 2022

This research focuses on studying the Dalung Kuripna inscription manuscript. From the research facts, it can be concluded that the Dalung Kuripan inscription is a form of agreement between the Sultanate of Banten and Keratuan Darah Putih. This inscription is made with the background of three factors; First, economic factors. The Sultanate of Banten at that time became a supplier of spices, especially pepper to travelers and traders from various countries and Lampung was the largest supplier of pepper at that time, reaching 80%. On that basis, it is important for the Sultanate of Banten to approach and maintain good relations with local rulers or traditional stakeholders in the Lampung region. In order to maintain this good relationship, an agreement was made between Banten and Lampung, and the birth of the Dalung Kuripan inscription agreement. Second, political factors. The natural fertility of Lampung and the condition of local government that had not been centralized in one kingdom or power made Lampung easily controlled by either colonial or colonial nations such as the Netherlands, as well as by large kingdoms around the Lampung region including the Sriwijaya Kingdom. This condition made the Sultanate of Banten have an ambition to make Lampung in the territory of the Kingdom of Banten. The third is the religious factor. The position of Banten, which at that time was also the center of Islamic religious education, felt it was also important to preach it to various areas in Banten's territory, including Lampung. In order for the process of spreading Islam quickly, the Sultanate of Banten sent many local Banten ulama to teach Islam in the Lampung region. Since then, the people of Lampung, who initially embraced a lot of animism, Hinduism and Buddhism, soon converted to Islam. And since then, to this day, Islam remains the majority religion adhered to by the people of Lampung.
Living Together: Representasi Atas Jalinan Persaudaraan Umat Islam Dengan Umat Antar Agama
Authors: Firdausiyah Umi Wasilatul
Published: September 2022

The discourse of this study is about Living Together Between Religious People with a discussion of the creation of brotherhood between religions and Islam as a religion of rahmatan lil alamin. This research was conducted in order to reveal the existence of togetherness between religious communities assisted by a qualitative approach with the type of library research and the analytical method using the content-analytical type, which is complemented by the sociological theory of knowledge according to Karl Manheim. The result of this study is that togetherness between religious communities in the fabric of brotherhood, both among people within religions and people between other religions, has a different concept of brotherhood, but the goal of achieving it is the same, namely to achieve a life of peace and prosperity. Although it can't be denied that conflict will always exist, minimizing it by maintaining togetherness between religious communities is a very wise choice. Then Islam as a religion that is rahmatan lil 'alamin makes brotherhood a pillar of the creation of unity and unity between religious communities, and in Islam itself, living side by side with interfaith has existed since the beginning of Islam, namely at the time of Prophet Muhammad, and continue until this day.
Adventism and Minahasan Culinary Identity
Authors: Rumbay Christar Arstilo
Published: September 2022

The debate between the culture and religion in Minahasa invites attention. The culture considers the existence of religion as a threat and potentially could destroy indigenous cultural identity. On the flip side, the religion regards cultural activities as an ancient legacy that bears no significance to theological worldview and modern civilization. Adventism, a Protestant denomination that shares extra attention to food doctrine, performs inhospitality toward Minahasan culinary identity. Engagement to consuming animal’s flesh, and even extreme food such as pork, rat, bat, dog, cat, spices ingredients, cap tikus, and related festivals that involves potluck, however, against Adventist teaching. Therefore, this essay conducts exploration to grasp how Adventism teaching could perform hospitality toward Minahasan culinary identity. This research occupies a qualitative approach and equips journals, books, and other references to contribute to the tension. In conclusion, Adventism should define the culture as a social bonding and expression of Minahasa. Minahasan culinary identity is not a theological or religious concern; instead, it should be defined as a sociology reflection. By doing so, Adventism will able to perform hospitality toward the culture.
Fenomena Judi Sabung Ayam Masyarakat Tunggal Jaya Kecamatan Banjar Agung Kabupaten Tulang Bawang
Authors: Ruslan Idrus , Badi'ah Siti , Listiana Lanny
Published: September 2022

One form and practice of gambling that exists in society today is cockfighting. The practice of cockfighting gambling (as a social pathology) has become endemic in Indonesia, including in the village of Warga Tunggal Jaya, Banjar Agung District, Tulang Bawang Regency. People who gamble cockfighting have a low level of compliance with laws and social norms so that they are easily motivated to violate existing legal rules and social norms. This type of research is field research, which relies on existing data in the location or research object. The nature of this research is descriptive qualitative. The data obtained from various sources are then processed and analyzed in an objective and in-depth manner to draw conclusions. The factors underlying the cockfighting gambling still exist there, including the low economy, the environment in which they live or socialize, the factor of curiosity or learning, and the lack of understanding of religion. The impact of the implementation of cockfighting gambling there is, first, the economic impact, which is felt by the decreasing economy. Second, the social impact, namely disrupting the social life of the community as a result of the increasing crimes committed by perpetrators of cockfighting. Third, the psychological impact, namely when the perpetrator loses in a cockfighting gambling who is severely depressed.
Identitas Kebalian; Rekonstruksi Etnik Bali Dalam Mempertahankan Identitas Pasca Konflik
Authors: Bagaskara Arya , Hakiki Kiki Muhamad , Rohmatika Ratu Vina , Badruzaman Badruzaman , Putra Andi Eka
Published: September 2022

This study analyzes the various efforts made by the Balinuraga people to transform conflictual conditions into harmony after the conflict that has resulted in the loss of the Balinuraga community's collective identity, and makes destructive to constructive. So far there has been no research that examines the efforts made by the Balinese ethnic to maintain their identity after the conflict. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods with anthropological and sociological approaches by collecting data through interviews, observation and documentation. In the case analysis process, the writer uses several theories, namely ethnic identity theory, conflict transformation theory, adaptation theory, social integration theory and social interaction theory. The results showed that conflict was triggered by juvenile delinquency, expanded with the issue of ethnicity and group arrogance as an accelerator and conflict transformation efforts were carried out in four dimensions, namely personal, relational, structural and cultural transformation in order to achieve sustainable peace and national security. The implementation of the ethnic reconstruction strategy carried out by the Balinuraga community is considered effective enough to restore ethnic identity which was initially quite worrying after the conflict with ethnic Lampung in Balinuraga village, in general, the 4 reconstruction strategies that the researcher put in this thesis have included most of those carried out by the community. The Balinuraga.
Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Moderasi Beragama Melalui Tindak Tutur Direktif Dalam Dhammadesana
Authors: Purnomo Danang Try
Published: September 2022

Religious preaching is an important part in realizing the practice of religious moderation delivered by the preacher through his actions. This is done as a form of resistance to the potential for horizontal conflicts of religious people such as acts of intolerance, hate speech, and physical conflict that can threaten religious harmony and national unity. This paper discusses the realization of a directive that reflects the moderate solicitation of religion. This type of research is descriptive-qualitative with the approach used is pragmatic, i.e. an approach that sees linguistic events based on the social context. The results showed that the correctness of the directive in the sermon represented the function of influencing his people to do something. Meanwhile, the internaslization of religious moderation values contained in religious preaching is conceptualized in three aspects, namely maintaining diversity, getting to know each other, and applying the principles of social justice.
Nuansa Harmoni di Alam Kebhinekaan: Praktik Toleransi di Situs-situs Religi Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhan Tri , Sulasiah Sulasiah , Bagaskara Faishal , Chair Abdul
Published: September 2022

The link between pilgrimage tourism, pluralism, and tolerance on religious communities is often a hot topic that can be common concern because it can be a parameter of society harmony. One of the interesting issues to discuss is how the relationship between religious communities around religious sites. This article will focus on the practices of inter-religious tolerance in five representative place of religious sites, namely Banten Lama, Telukbetung Lampung, Sam Po Kong Semarang, Maria Ambarawa Cave, and Bukit Kasih Toar Lumimu'ut. The five places are considered representative in presenting space of harmony between religious communities because in one location there are more than one religious site. The method used in this article is qualitative method with observation, interview, and literature study. The results showed that tolerance was still maintained at all of these sites and could be used as a role model of tolerance. By maintaining tolerance, it is hoped that it can help our government and society in strengthening harmony and overcoming the problems of ethnicity, religion, race and intergroup (SARA) which have recently surfaced.