bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of ternary mixed crystals on optical phonon modes in wurtzite nitride quantum well
Authors: Qu Yuan  , Ban Shi-Liang  ,   Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Photovoltaic Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
Published: December 2020

Firstly, some results about the frequencies of phonons in wurtzite ternary mixed crystals (TMCs) fitted by several methods (modified random-element-isodiplacement model (MREI), virtual crystal approximation, and simplified coherent potential approximation, etc.) are compared. Then, combined with the continuous dielectric model and uniaxial crystal model, a fitting method available to experimental data is adopted to derive the dispersion relations of different kinds of optical phonon modes in TMC InxGa1－xN and AlxGa1－xN quantum wells. Furthermore, the variation of phonon modes dependent on the composition is analyzed. The results show that the fitting by the MREI for phonon frequencies of wurtzite TMCs with one-mode property agrees better with the experimental data. It can be also found that the optical phonon modes in quantum wells vary with the composition. The phonon modes, such as localized modes, interface modes, half-space modes, and propagating modes, exist in certain composition regions and frequency regions due to the anisotropy of phonon dispersion of wurtzite nitrides. Moreover, the shape of the same kind of phonon modes also varies with the composition.
Study of the influence mechanism of additional elements on the corrosion behavior of bulk Cu-based amorphous alloys
Authors: Zhang Hui  , Wu Di  , Zhang Guo-Ying  , Xiao Ming-Zhu  ,   沈阳师范大学物理科学与技术学院，沈阳  110034
Published: December 2020

The liquid state Cu-Al alloy system was simulated by using the molecular dynamics method, then Cu-Al amorphous alloy is obtained by cooling process simulation. This article firstly sets up crystalline Cu-Al alloy liquid by using the molecular dynamics. The models of Cu-Al-M bulk amorphous alloys, their clean surfaces and their surfaces with O adsorption are set up by computer programming. The influence mechanism of additional elements Zr, Nb, Ta, V, Y and Sc on the corrosion behavior of bulk Cu-based amorphous alloys are investigated by using real-place recursive method. Results show that the alloying elements do not aggregate on the clean surface of bulk Cu-based amorphous alloys, but tend to aggregate on the surface with O adsorption with the exception of Y, which indicates that the segregation of the bulk Cu-based amorphous alloy surface with O adsorption is reversed. Calculations of the total bond order integral show that additional element can interact with oxygen easily to form oxide film on the surface of Cu-based amorphous alloys, which can improve the corrosion resistance of bulk Cu-based amorphous alloys. The improvement in corrosion resistance of Cu-based metallic glass with Y addition may be due to the aggregation of Y to the interface between alloy and oxide film, which improves the adhesion.
Selective photoemission of Au photocathode
Authors: Yuan Zheng  , Liu Shen-Ye  , Cao Zhu-Rong  , Li Yun-Feng  , Chen Tao  , Li Hang  , Zhang Hai-Ying  , Chen Ming  ,   (1)Reserch Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900,China; (2)Reserch Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900,China; College of Photoelectric Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
Published: December 2020

A method for measuring the ultraviolet spectrum characteristic of Au photocathode has been put forward. Making use of the high gain characteristic of microchannel plate (MCP) and ultraviolet light, the frequency response of Au cathode has been studied by measuring the output current of Au coated MCP detector directly. Through measuring the response current of Au coated MCP detector between 200—340 nm, the selective photoemission of Au has been found, which had been found only for alkali metals. And the selective peak is at 5.72 eV, which can be explained by quantum mechanics theory.
Photon-mediated electron transport through a quantum well in an intense terahertz field with spin-orbit coupling
Authors: Zhang Cun-Xi  , Wang Rui  , Kong Ling-Min  ,   Department of Physics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
Published: December 2020

We investigate theoretically the intense terahertz field-driven electron-transport through a nonmagnetic semiconductor-heterostructure with spin-orbit coupling. It is found that the frequency-dependent conductivity spectra possess splitting resonance-peaks of asymmetric Fano-type, and multiple-photon-process arises with the increasing amplitude of oscillating field. By changing the external field parameters, the purpose of spin filtering may be realized, and 100% pure spin-polarized current at the frequency of Fano-resonance can also be achieved. These interesting features may be a very useful basis for devising a wide range tunable spin filter and realizing pure spin current.
Transmission properties of thick-screen frequency selective surface having circular hole elements
Authors: Wang Jian-Bo  , Sun Lian-Chun  , Zhang Shu-Ren  , Lu Jun  , Fang Chun-Yi  ,   (1)Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (2)Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (3)Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
Published: December 2020

A thick-screen frequency selective surface (FSS) with circle slot elements is designed. Based on the moment method simulation, we investigate mainly the transmission properties of this structure under no dielectric condition, when some parameters, including the element diameter, unit distribution period and incidence angle of electromagnetic wave,are changed. The result of numerical analysis show that the unit diameter, unit spacing and incidence angle have great influence on the transmission properties of the thick-screen FSS,but unit diameter has little influence on the center frequency.
Fabrication and properties of large area Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 superconducting thin film on sapphire substrate
Authors: You Feng  , Ji Lu  , Xie Qing-Lian  , Wang Zheng  , Yue Hong-Wei  , Zhao Xin-Jie  , Fang Lan  , Yan Shao-Lin  ,   Department of Electronic Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
Published: December 2020

High quality large area Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8(Tl-2212)superconducting thin films were fabricated on CeO2 buffered two-side sapphire substrates. Using metallic cerium target as the sputtering source, CeO2 buffer film with c-axis orientation was deposited by radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering, and the influence of preparation conditions on the structure and surface morphology of the CeO2 layer was studied. The Tl-2212 superconducting thin film was fabricated on CeO2 buffered sapphire substrate by direct current magnetron sputtering and post annealing. Scanning electron microscope showed that the film has a compact microstructure with uniform flat surface. The X-ray diffraction indicated that the film was pure Tl-2212 phase with c-axis perpendicular to the substrate surface, and epitaxially grown on the CeO2 buffered sapphire. The superconducting film exhibited excellent uniform electric properties. The critical transition temperature Tc was around 105 K, the critical current density Jc(77 K, 0 T) was around (1.2±0.1) MA/cm2 and (1.25±0.1) MA/cm2, respectively, and the microwave surface resistance Rs (77 K, 10 GHz ) of the film was as low as 390 μΩ.
Simulation of magnetic end effect of amorphous wires
Authors: Pang Hao  , Yang Yu  , Wang Zan-Ji  ,   State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Published: December 2020

The existing experimental results have shown that the magnetic characteristics of amorphous wires with different lengths or of the same amorphous wire at different longitudinal locations are significantly different. To study this effect, the magnetic field at the end of the amorphous wires is obtained by numerical computation method based on the supposed uniform distribution of the magnetic charge. Then, the general formula of the magnetic field inside the amorphous wire is deduced by analyzing the calculation results and using the fitting algorithm. Because the magnetic field intensity inside the wire is restricted by the external magnetic field source, the model of three magnetic zones is proposed, which consists of the zone of uniform magnetic field in the middle of the wire, the magnetic field entrance-zone and exit-zone at the two ends. The critical length of the magnetic end effect can be estimated by a formula derived from the model. The simulation results of the magnetic end effect can satisfactorily explain the existing experiments.
Magnetoelectric film under interaction of microwave
Authors: Zheng Hong  , Yang Cheng-Tao  ,   State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
Published: December 2020

The bilayered magnetoelectric composite model has been analyzed. The non-homogeneous partial differential equation of the magnetoelectric material interacting with the microwave has been obtained in the condition that the partial derivative of the microwave is non-zero along the transmitting direction when the size of the magnetoelectric material is comparable with the wavelength. The analytic solution is solved for the equation at resonant condition, and then the analytic expressions of the magnetoelectric coefficient and the equivalent electric parameters are calculated. The results show that there is a correlative coupling term in excess in the magnetoelectric coefficient,the magnitude of which is related not only to the material parameters, but also to the microwave’s velocity in the material, and the equivalent admittance is related to the microwave’s frequency.
Preparation and piezoelectricity of fluorocarbon polymer piezoelectret films with ordered void structure
Authors: Sun Zhuan-Lan  , Zhang Xiao-Qing  , Cao Gong-Xun  , Wang Xue-Wen  , Xia Zhong-Fu  ,   Pohl Institute of Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Published: December 2020

A hard template process for preparing piezoelectret films with ordered void structure was described. By using the fabrication process, fluorocarbon polymer piezoelectret film was prepared. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the fluorocarbon polymer film piezoelectret has very regular void structure as expected. The piezoelectricity of the fluorocarbon polymer film was investigated by measuring the quasi-static piezoelectric d33 coefficient using positive piezoelectric effect. The thermal stability of d33 was studied by taking the measurement of d33 decay at elevated isothermal temperatures. The results showed that a piezoelectric d33 coefficient of 300 pC/N was achieved. Compared with the fluorocarbon polymer film with disordered void structure, the film with ordered void structure has much improved thermal stability of d33, which can be further improved by pre-ageing treatment. The piezoelectric d33 coefficient is dependent on the applied pressure considerably in the range of 2—35 kPa, which is probably associated with the enhancement of Young’s modulus of the film with the increasing pressure.
Processes of charge transport and transfer in dye-sensitized solar cell by electrical and optical modulation techniques
Authors: Liu Wei-Qing  , Kou Dong-Xing  , Hu Lin-Hua  , Huang Yang  , Jiang Nian-Quan  , Dai Song-Yuan  ,   (1)College of Physics & Electronic Information Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (2)Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
Published: December 2020

In the present work, the processes of charge transport and electron transfer in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) under the stable illumination or forward bias were discussed, and the frequency response characteristic to the small perturbation of the light or voltage in DSC was also interpreted. The electron transit time and electron lifetime were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS), intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) and intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS). The time constants determined by different measurement techniques were compared. The results showed that the process of charge transport and electron transfer has no significant influence on the time constants under low bias or low light intensity, and this process affected predominately the electron lifetime under high bias or high light intensity.
Molecular dynamic simulation of water molecules in carbon nanocapsule
Authors: Chen Ming  , Min Rui  , Zhou Jun-Ming  , Hu Hao  , Lin Bo  , Miao Ling  , Jiang Jian-Jun  ,   Department of Electronic Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Published: December 2020

The density distributions of water molecules and hydrogen bond in a specific nanocapsule at different temperatures were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. We also analysed the intra-molecule angle and orientation of water molecules. The result indicates that, due to the confinement of carbon nanocapsule, water molecules are distributed mainly in three capsule-like layers, between which there are almost no water molecules. With temperature rising, the peaks of density distribution broaden to the nanotube wall. The hydrogen bonds are distributed similarly and affect the orientation of water molecules. There are a lot of hydrogen bonds at 1000 K, and the nanocapsule break with some molecules coming out at 3100 K.
The periodic wave solution for a (3+1)-dimensional soliton equation
Authors: Wu Yong-Qi  ,   湛江师范学院数学与计算科学学院，湛江  524048
Published: December 2020

A new periodic wave solution for a (3+1)-dimensional soliton equation is found by using the Hirota method and Riemann theat function, from which the soliton solution can be obtained in an appropriate limiting procedure. In addition, the special three-dimensional surface graph of this equation is simulated with the help of Mathematica.
Model of hole effective mass of strained Si1－xGex/(111)Si
Authors: Song Jian-Jun  , Zhang He-Ming  , Hu Hui-Yong  , Xuan Rong-Xi  , Dai Xian-Ying  ,   西安电子科技大学微电子学院，宽禁带半导体材料与器件重点实验室，西安  710071
Published: December 2020

There has been much interest in the Si-based strained technology lately. The research on the hole effective mass of Si-based strained material is the theoretical basis for the performance enhancement of Si-based strained PMOS devices. Based on the valence band E(k)-k relation of strained Si1-xGex/(111)Si, the hole effective mass along arbitrarily k wavevector direction were obtained. And the hole isotropic effective mass models were established. It was found that in comparison with relaxed Si, the more obvious anisotropy of the hole effective mass occurs in strained Si1-xGex/(111)Si and the hole isotropic effective mass of the top valence band decreases obviously with increasing Ge fraction. The results can supply valuable references to the conduction channel design related to stress and orientation in the Si-based strained PMOS devices.
Calculation of positron lifetime of compound semiconductors
Authors: Chen Xiang-Lei  , Zhang Jie  , Du Huai-Jiang  , Zhou Xian-Yi  , Ye Bang-Jiao  ,   中国科学技术大学近代物理系,合肥  230026
Published: December 2020

On the basis of of local density approximation (LDA) and general gradient approximation (GGA), positron annihilation information has been calculated for five types of compound semiconductors, which are ZnO, GaN, GaAs, SiC and InP. The calculated information includes distribution of positron density, distribution of positron annihilation rate density, positron bulk lifetime, positron monovacancy lifetime and positron divacancy lifetime.
The effect of different preparation temperatures on the photoelectric properties of CdTe films and solar cells
Authors: Li Yuan-Jie  , Zheng Jia-Gui  , Feng Liang-Huan  , Li Bing  , Zeng Guang-Geng  , Cai Ya-Ping  , Zhang Jing-Quan  , Li Wei  , Lei Zhi  , Wu Li-Li  , Cai Wei  ,   四川大学材料科学与工程学院，成都  610064
Published: December 2020

In this research, the CdTe polycrystalline films are prepared at various temperatures by close-spaced sublimation. The experiment was conducted to investigate how difference in preparation temperature effects on CdTe/CdS solar cells by the characteration of I-V,C-V curves and deep level transient spectroscopy. The result shows that the difference of temperatures has some effect on Isc and FF, but not on Voc. The samples prepared at 580℃ have lowest dark saturated current density, higher carrier concentration and the photovoltaic performance is preferable. The response of deep-level impurities in CdTe films is unchanged with temperature and frequency, but the sample prepared at 580℃ has less deep-level impurity recombination because of lower hole trap concentration. Then, the CdS/CdTe solar cells with large area of 300 mm×400 mm have efficiency reaching 82% by improving the uniformity of temperature field.
STM studies of the epitaxial growth of C60 molecules on Si(111)-7×7 surface
Authors: Zhao Ming-Hai  , Sun Jing-Jing  , Wang Dan  , Zou Zhi-Qiang  , Liang Qi  ,   (1)上海交通大学分析测试中心，上海  200240; (2)上海交通大学物理系，上海  200240；上海交通大学分析测试中心，上海  200240
Published: December 2020

The results of UHV-STM investigation of C60 at various adsorption sites on Si(111)-7×7 surface using MBE were presented. At room temperature, molecules prefer the faulted half unit cell to unfaulted half unit cell. Through controlling the annealing temperature and time, C60 molecules could directionally move towards step edges where the density of electronic dangling bonds is the highest. The measurement of diameter and height at each adsorption site shows different intensities of interaction between molecules and Si atoms. We also studied the multilayer growth process of C60 molecules on Si(111)-7×7 surface, and observed the local ordering of the first layer after annealing at 600℃, which shows the realization of the growth mode transformation from Stankski-Krastanov to Frank-van der Merwe mode.
Application of the homotopy analysis method to solving dissipative system
Authors: Shi Yu-Ren  , Yang Hong-Juan  ,   西北师范大学物理与电子工程学院，兰州  730070
Published: December 2020

We obtained a class of approximations and analytical solutions for the KdV-Burgers equation by using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The solutions we got agree very well with the exact solutions. The results indicate that the HAM is still valid for solving a class of dissipative systems.
Study of the information content contained in remote sensing data of atmosphere
Authors: Du Hua-Dong  , Huang Si-Xun  , Fang Han-Xian  , Long Zhi-Yong  , Wang Yong-Qi  ,   中国人民解放军理工大学气象学院，南京  211101
Published: December 2020

By introducing the concept of information content and using Bayesian estimation theory, a scheme for calculating information contents in temperature, humidity, O3, SO2, CH4 and other atmospheric parameters in the remote sensing data is given. The scheme takes into account the channel sensitivity to the atmospheric parameters, the observation error of each channel as well as the error characteristics of the background atmosphere. The temperature and humidity information contents in the observation of HIRS, AMSU, AIRS, IAIS and three combinations of the instruments are calculated using the scheme. The results show that the scheme may have valuable applications in instrument designing, evaluating and comparing different instruments and usage of remote sensing data etc.
The extended Prelle-Singer method for the conserved quantities of second-ordinary nonlinear coupled dynamics systems and their symmetries
Authors: Lou Zhi-Mei  ,   绍兴文理学院物理系，绍兴  312000
Published: December 2020

The extended Prelle-Singer method is used to find the conserved quantities of second-ordinary nonlinear coupled dynamics systems such as x=1（x，y），y=2（x，y），and the differential equations of integral factors and the general expression of conserved quantities are obtained. The Noether symmetry and Lie symmetry of the systems are also discussed. Finally，two conserved quantities of quartic anharminic oscillator are obtained by the extended Prelle-Singer method，and the symmetries of this system are discussed.
Exact wave function of dual-coupled two-dimensional harmonic oscillators with time-dependent and anisotropic mass and frequency
Authors: Ling Rui-Liang  , Feng Jin-Fu  , Hu Yun  ,   常熟理工学院物理与电子工程系，常熟  215500
Published: December 2020

Using a special rotational transformation of coordinates and momentum，we solve successfully the diagonalization of Hamiltonian. Furthermore，we obtain the exact wave function of dual-coupled two-dimensional harmonic oscillators with time-dependent and anisotropic mass and frequency by means of trial function methed. The wave function is also verified.
Capacity of quantum multiple access Gaussian channel
Authors: Zhao Sheng-Mei  , Liu Jing  ,   南京邮电大学信号处理与传输研究院，南京  210003
Published: December 2020

As its classical counterpart，quantum Gaussian noise is an important noise model in quantum information theory. The study of capacity of quantum Gaussian channel plays an important role in quantum communications. Based on the definition of quantum Gaussian state，the entropy of quantum Gaussian state，and Holevo bound theorem，the classical capacity of quantum Gaussian channel is given at first in the paper，where the classical capacity is defined as the capacity when only classical messages are transmitted through the quantum channel. Then，the classical capacities of quantum multiple access Gaussian channels are deduced according to the classical capacity theorem of multiple access quantum channels. For simplicity and generality，a multiple access quantum channel with two senders and one receiver is used for computation. The results can be generalized to the quantum channel with n senders and one receiver.
Influence of growth speed on the actors’ degree distribution of collaboration networks
Authors: Yan Xiao-Yong  , Wang Ming-Sheng  ,   石家庄铁道学院交通工程分院,石家庄  050043
Published: December 2020

We present an analytical analysis of the actors’ degree distribution of collaboration networks by the rate equation approach. The results show that the actors’ degree follows a Yule-Simon distribution and this distribution can be well approximated by a shifted power law function. We find that the actors’ degree distribution has a large deviation from power-law with the increase of the growth speed of actors. It indicates that the growth speed of actors is another key factor influencing the topological properties of collaboration networks besides preferential attachment. The results of our analytical analysis can be well fitted with the empirical data from some public transport networks and scientists collaboration networks. Furthermore, we discuss the generating mechanism of the growth speed of actors in evolution of collaboration networks and its potential value of application in real-world networks.
All-optical high sensitive atomic magnetometer
Authors: Li Shu-Guang  , Zhou Xiang  , Cao Xiao-Chao  , Sheng Ji-Teng  , Xu Yun-Fei  , Wang Zhao-Ying  , Lin Qiang  ,   (1)浙江大学物理系光学研究所，杭州  310027; (2)浙江大学物理系光学研究所，杭州  310027；浙江科技学院测控技术与仪器系，杭州  310023
Published: December 2020

An all-optical high sensitivity atomic magnetometer is investigated and demonstrated experimentally, of which the principle is based on the interaction between laser beam and rubidium atoms in magnetic field. This interaction is dependent on the magnetic field surrounding the Rb atom cell, therefore the magnetic field information can be obtained simply by measuring the changes of the laser power transmitted through the Rb atom cell. The principle of the atomic magnetometer is analyzed and the performance of the experimental setup is investigated. The experimental result agrees well with the theoretical predictions. Furthermore, some important factors that may affect the performance of the magnetometer are discussed, and the ways to improve the sensitivity of the atomic magnetometer are also put forward.
High precision phase control system in coherent combining of fiber laser based on stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm
Authors: Wang Xiao-Lin  , Zhou Pu  , Ma Yan-Xing  , Ma Hao-Tong  , Xu Xiao-Jun  , Liu Ze-Jin  , Zhao Yi-Jun  ,   国防科学技术大学光电科学与工程学院，长沙  410073
Published: December 2020

Stochastic parallel gradient descent （SPGD） algorithm is one of the effective ways to realize high power fiber laser coherent combining of master oscillator power amplifier. The basic principle of the SPGD algorithm in the coherent combining is introduced, the SPGD phase controller has been designed and manufactured, and the representative experiment results are presented. Theoretical analysis shows that the iteration rate is 200000 per second, the average compensation bandwidth is about 12500 Hz, the minimal phase control error is 1/179 wavelength. Experiment shows that the SPGD controller can perform well in phase locking of two lasers, the average phase residual error is less than 1/25 wavelength when the amplitude of the phase noise is greater than λ/10, and the frequency is 3 kHz.
Prediction of liquid jet trajectory in supersonic crossflow and continuous liquid column model
Authors: Zhou Yao-Zhi , Li Chun , Li Chen-Yang , Li Qing-Lian ,   College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China,   Science and Technology on Scramjet Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
Published: December 2020

The trajectory of the spray is studied theoretically and experimentally when a round liquid jet is injected into a supersonic crossflow vertically. A solid model of continuous liquid column is established in three-dimensional space. The cross-section deformation equation of the continuous liquid column along the injection direction is established using a method of micro-element analysis. The stress analysis of cross section is simplified into a two-dimensional droplet. The shape of the cross section is considered to continuously change from circular to elliptical shape. And the bow shock wave in front of the jet column is simplified into an oblique shock wave with a known shock angle. Based on this, the calculation of aerodynamic force is greatly simplified. A dimensionless parameter named effective deformation time of liquid column (the logogram is \begin{document}${t_{\rm valid}}$\end{document}) is defined and used to judge the end point of the liquid column quantitatively. The liquid jet trajectory and cross-section deformation can be calculated using MATLAB software. The instantaneous images of continuous liquid columns in supersonic crossflow are captured using high-spatial-resolution microscopic imaging methods. The microscopic imaging system is composed of a double pulse solid-state laser, computer, CCD camera, synchronous controller, microscope lens and laser diffuser. After passing through the laser diffuser, a plane background light with uniform distribution is formed on the scattering plate. The mean filtering method is used to filter the original image. After filtering, the range of gray distribution in the background area is obviously reduced. The distribution of gray value is more concentrated, and the background of the image is more uniform. Then the image edge detection function is used to obtain the near-field jet trajectory. The parameter variables studied include liquid injection pressure drop (1–2 MPa), liquid nozzle diameter (0.5 mm/1.0 mm), and liquid gas momentum ratio (3.32–7.27). The results show that the continuous liquid column model can better predict the jet trajectory on the center plane and the shape of the liquid column in three-dimensional space. It is indicated that the predictive result matches well with the experimental result. This study is of great significance for establishing the solid-particle coupling model of liquid jet in supersonic crossflows.
Optical cavity enhancement experiment of Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller writing excitation process in atomic ensemble
Authors: Yuan Liang , Wen Ya-Fei , Li Ya , Liu Chao , Li Shu-Jing , Xu Zhong-Xiao , Wang Hai ,   State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto- Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Published: December 2020

The Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller (DLCZ) process in the atomic ensemble is an important means to generate quantum correlation and entanglement between photons and atoms (quantum interface). When a write pulse acts on atoms, the DLCZ quantum memory process will be generated, which has been extensively studied. In the process a spontaneous Raman scattering (SRS) of a Stokes photon is generated, and a spin-wave excitation stored in the atomic ensemble is created at the same time. The higher probability of the generation of Stokes photons will cause more noise and reduce entanglement. On the contrary, the low generation probability of Stokes photons affects the success probability of entanglement distribution on a quantum repeater. How to increase generation probability of Stokes photons without causing more noise is an urgent problem to be resolved. In this work, a 87Rb atomic ensemble is placed in a standing wave cavity which resonates with the Stokes photon. This cavity has a trip length of 0.6 m and a free spectral range (FSR) of 256 MHz. The optical loss of all the optical elements in this cavity is 9%, of which 4% loss originates from the other optical elements and 5% loss from the vacuum chamber of the magneto-optical trap (MOT). The fineness of the cavity with the cold atoms is measured to be ~19.1. By calculating the total probability of Stokes photon emission out of the cavity, we derive the enhancement factor of this standing wave cavity when the cavity loss is l. When this cavity is locked with PDH frequency locking technique, we observe that the production probability of the Stokes photons is 8.7 times higher than that without cavity due to the optical cavity enhancement effect. Under this condition, the relationship between the generation probability of Stokes photons and the power of write beam is studied. The write excitation probability changes linearly with the power of write beam. This work provides an experimental solution to reducing the noise caused by time multimode operation in DLCZ scheme.
Analysis of transmission characteristics of THz waves magnetized at different angles in non-uniform magnetized plasma
Authors: Li Hao , Yang Xin , Zhang Zheng-Ping ,   College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China,   Semiconductor Power Device Reliability Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China,   Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano-Electronics and Software Technology of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, China
Published: December 2020

When a hypersonic vehicle flies, it will have friction with the atmosphere, ionizing the surrounding air, and producing a plasma sheath containing a large number of free electrons. The plasma sheath will cause the electromagnetic wave to seriously attenuate, which will result in communication interruption and other problems. With the gradual realization of terahertz wave technology, its high penetrability and anti-interference performance provides an important way to solve the blackout problem. Thus, the using of the terahertz wave to solve the blackout problem encountered during vehicle reentry is of great significance to studying the transmission performance of terahertz wave in the plasma sheath. This article refers to the public data of the plasma sheath during the reentry of the RAM vehicle. Considering the asymmetry of the sheath density distribution, a double Gaussian distribution is used to simulate the longitudinal electron density distribution. Based on the SMM algorithm, the article uses the magnetization direction, electron density, external magnetic field strength, collision frequency of the non-uniformly magnetized plasma as variables, and their effects on left-hand and right-hand polarized terahertz wave under normal incidence are studied. The results show that these parameters have obvious effects on the transmission performance of terahertz wave in high-density plasma sheath. The right-hand polarized terahertz wave will produce a power absorption peak near the cyclotron frequency due to cyclotron resonance. Changing the magnetization angle in a certain direction will bring an opposite effect on the transmission rate to left-hand polarized and right-hand polarized terahertz wave. Reducing the magnetization intensity can avoid the absorption peak of the right-hand polarized wave by the plasma to a certain extent. Increasing the magnetization can increase the transmission power of the left-hand polarized wave to a certain extent. Moreover, reducing the collision frequency can narrow the absorption band of the right-hand polarized wave in the plasma and increase the transmission power of left-hand polarized wave. In general, the transmission performance of left-hand polarized terahertz wave in non-uniformly magnetized plasma is better than that of right-hand polarized terahertz wave. These results provide a theoretical basis for investigating the blackout phenomenon. The adjusting of these parameters studied in the article is expected to be able to alleviate the blackout problem to a certain extent.
A new type of ultra-broadband microstructured fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Ding Zi-Ping , Liao Jian-Fei , Zeng Ze-Kai ,   College of Physics and Electronic Information, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
Published: December 2020

Microstructured fiber (MF) sensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) have been widely investigated because they have many merits including high sensitivity, label-free and real-time detection and so on, thus they possess extensive applications such as in food safety control, environmental monitoring, biomolecular analytes detection, antibody-antigen interaction, liquid detection and many others. However, most of reported SPR-based MF sensors can only work in the visible or near-infrared wavelength region. Hence, the investigation of high-performance mid-infrared SPR-based MF sensors is a challenge task. In this paper, with the aim of overcoming the above limitation, a new type of high-sensitivity SPR-based MF sensor coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) layer is proposed. The proposed sensor can work in both the near-infrared and mid-infrared wavelength region. Benefitting from its two-core and single analyte channel structure, our proposed sensor can effectively eliminate the interference among neighboring analyte channels, improving its signal-to-noise ratio, and achieving high-sensitivity detection in ultra-broadband wavelength range. By using the full-vector finite method with the PML boundary conditions, the sensing properties of our proposed sensor are numerically studied in detail. The numerical results show that the resonance wavelength of the proposed sensor shifts toward a long wavelength region as the refractive index of analyte increases from 1.423 to 1.513, and a similar phenomenon can be found if the thickness of the ITO layer increases from 40 nm to 60 nm. Nevertheless, the wavelength sensitivity of the proposed sensor decreases with the increase of the diameter of the hole located in the fiber core region. On the other hand, when the refractive index of analyte varies in a large range of 1.423–1.513, the proposed sensor can operate in an ultra-broad wavelength range of 1.548–2.796 μm, and the average wavelength sensitivity is as high as 13964 nm/refractive index unit (RIU). Moreover, the maximum wavelength sensitivity and refractive index resolution increase up to 17900 nm/RIU and 5.59 × 10–7 RIU, respectively. Hence, our proposed SPR-based MF sensor can be applied to environmental monitoring, biomolecular analyte detection and chemical detection.
Epitaxial growth of Ho3Fe5O12 films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and spin transport properties in Ho3Fe5O12/Pt heterostructures
Authors: Yang Meng , Bai He , Li Gang , Zhu Zhao-Zhao , Zhu Yun , Su Jian , Cai Jian-Wang ,   School of Physics and Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China,   State Key Laboratory of Magnetism, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Published: December 2020

Rare-earth iron garnet films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy could open new perspectives for spintronics. Holmium iron garnet (Ho3Fe5O12, HoIG) films with thickness ranging from 2 to 100 nm are epitaxially grown on (111) orientated gadolinium gallium garnet single crystal substrate doped with yttrium and scandium (Gd0.63Y2.37Sc2Ga3O12, GYSGG) by ultra-high vacuum magnetron sputtering. A 3-nm Pt film is further deposited on each of the HoIG films. The magnetic anisotropy and magneto-transport properties of heterostructures at room temperature are investigated. It is shown that the HoIG film as thin as 2 nm (less than two unit cells in thickness) exhibits the ferromagnetic properties at room temperature, and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is achieved in the 2-60 nm thick films, and a maximum effective perpendicular anisotropy field reaches 350 mT due to the strain induced magnetoelastic anisotropy. The HoIG/Pt heterostructure shows significant anomalous Hall effect (AHE) and appreciable spin-Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) and/or anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR). Remarkably, the AHE starts to decline gradually when the HoIG thickness is less than 4 nm, but the magnetoresistance decreases rapidly with the HoIG layer becoming less than 7 nm in thickness. The fact that the AHE in the heterostructure is less sensitive to the HoIG thickness suggests that the interface effect is more dominant in the AHE mechanism, whereas the bulk magnetic properties of the HoIG plays a more important role for the observed magnetoresistance. In addition, the spin Seebeck effect decreases exponentially with the decrease of HoIG thickness till the ultrathin limit, which was previously validated in the micrometer-thick YIG/Pt stacks in the frame of thermally excited magnon accumulation and propagation. The present results show that the nanometer HoIG/Pt heterostructure with tunable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and efficient interfacial spin exchange interaction could be a promising candidate for insulating magnet based spintronic devices.
The energy savings-oxidative cost trade-off for migratory birds during endurance flight
Authors: McWilliams Scott , Pierce Barbara , Wittenzellner Andrea , Langlois Lillie , Engel Sophia , Speakman John R , Fatica Olivia , DeMoranville Kristen , Goymann Wolfgang , Trost Lisa , Bryla Amadeusz , Dzialo Maciej , Sadowska Edyta , Bauchinger Ulf
Published: December 2020

Elite human and animal athletes must acquire the fuels necessary for extreme feats, but also contend with the oxidative damage associated with peak metabolic performance. Here, we show that a migratory bird with fuel stores composed of more omega-6 polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) expended 11% less energy during long-duration (6 hr) flights with no change in oxidative costs; however, this short-term energy savings came at the long-term cost of higher oxidative damage in the omega-6 PUFA-fed birds. Given that fatty acids are primary fuels, key signaling molecules, the building blocks of cell membranes, and that oxidative damage has long-term consequences for health and ageing, the energy savings-oxidative cost trade-off demonstrated here may be fundamentally important for a wide diversity of organisms on earth.
Los modos del cine documental. Análisis de tres modelos
Authors: Lloga Sanz Carlos Guillermo
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo es un estudio teórico que compara los modos de representación documental proporcionados por Bill Nichols, Michael Renov y John Corner. Estos paradigmas corresponden al auge de los estudios sobre el documental de inicios de los años noventa del siglo veinte y han devenido matrices prominentes a partir de las cuales se reinterpreta la estética fílmica y la historia del documental. La revisión crítica que se propone aquí incluye el análisis de algunos ejemplos puntuales del cine documental cubano producidos por el Instituto Cubano de Arte e Industria Cinematográficos (ICAIC) entre 1959 y 1991. Los tres modelos clasificatorios que se siguen identifican fondos teóricos diferentes sobre el que proyectan la imagen del documental, por esa razón, este estudio defiende la triangulación de sus cuerpos categoriales ante el examen de volúmenes significativos de documentales.
Turnover Intention Factors among Private Hospital Nurses in Indonesia
Authors: Rindu . , Lukman Syukri , Dasman Hardisman , Hafizurrahman . , Bachtiar Adang
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The most critical problem faced by the health care system is the shortage of workers. This phenomenon is due to the release of employees. The number of turnover rate in private hospital is high due to which hospitals management face problems in the field of nursing.Aim: To determine turnover intention and factors behind turnover intention among private hospital’s nurses who worked in Jakarta, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September 2018 in two private hospitals in Jakarta, Indonesia, involved 97 nurses. Data were collected by employing a set of self-administered structured questionnaires and were analysed using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (SEM-PLS technique). Results: The results showed that there was a significant negative influence on organisational commitment to turnover intentions (-0.496). The higher the nurse’s organisational commitment, the lower was the nurse turnover intention. The better the job characteristics of nurses, the lower was the nurse turnover intention (-0.213). There was a significantly positive influence of job characteristics on job satisfaction (0.499). The higher the job satisfaction of nurses, the higher was the organisational commitment (0.374). Conclusion: The findings show that the influence of nurses’ work commitment has the greatest direct influence in influencing the turnover intention. Hospital need to increase nurses’ organisational commitment through their job satisfaction.
Review on Jatropha tanjorensis (Hospital too far); Significance as an Anti-Anaemia Plant
Authors: Ansari Rizwan, A. , Rabiu Karimah Mohammed , Ayuba Victoria , Omolabake Otanwa Oladunni
Published: December 2020

Anaemia is a blood disorder which is a direct result of decreased hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and or red blood cell numbers (RBC) which culminates to loss of physiological potentials. It is a major public health problem in developing countries orchestrated by an imbalance between erythrocyte loss relative to production which occurs as a result of ineffective or deficient erythropoisis, nutritional deficiency, inflammation or genetic hemoglobin (Hb) disorder and or excessive loss of erythrocytes due to hemolysis, blood loss or both. An estimated 30-80% preschool age children at the age 1 year suffer from anaemia. Anaemia imposes deleterious consequences such as stunted physical and cognitive development, impaired language coordination and motor skill equivalent to a 5-10 points deficit in intelligent quotient (IQ). Anaemia in pregnancy translates to decreased productivity through energy loss and consequent lack of working capacity and consequent declination in household food security and income. Long before now, many plants had been used successfully to address anaemia locally, one of which is Jatropha tanjorensis dubbed “Hospital too far” a name it acquired as a result of its unverified perceived exceptional anti-anaemic property. Therefore, this review aims at evaluating the veracity of the impression on Jatropha tanjorensis as an exceptional anti-anaemic plant using data derived from studies on anti-anaemic plants.
Pancreatic Trauma: Proposal for Management Algorithm
Authors: Hashimoto Daisuke , Yamamoto Tomohisa , Yamaki So , Sakuramoto Kazuhito , Yui Rintaro , Okawa Takaomi , Matsumura Fujio , Horiuchi Hiroyuki , Satoi Sohei
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Pancreatic trauma is potentially lethal despite recent improvements in surgical techniques and conservative management. However, no guidelines for the management of pancreatic trauma have been established. In this report, we propose an algorithm for the management of pancreatic trauma based on our experience of 9 cases and 1 literature review.

Case presentation

This study included 9 patients with pancreatic trauma (5 men and 4 women). The patient median age was 40 years (range, 17–75 years). The overall mortality rate was 22.2%, and the postoperative mortality rate was 16.7%. Superficial trauma was present in 2 patients. Deep trauma without injury to the main pancreatic duct was present in 1 patient, and this patient was treated successfully with endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage. Active bleeding was present in 2 patients and controlled by interventional radiology. Deep trauma with injury to the main pancreatic duct was present in 6 patients. Among them, 1 patient died after conservative treatment with endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage. The other 5 patients underwent surgery (pancreatic resection in 4 and necrosectomy in 1).

Conclusion

The herein-described algorithm recommends interventional radiology for active arterial bleeding, conservative management for trauma without ductal injury, and surgery for trauma with ductal injury. This algorithm may provide a basis for future establishment of guidelines.
“It's Not My Knee”: Understanding Ongoing Pain and Discomfort After Total Knee Replacement Through Re‐Embodiment
Authors: Moore Andrew , Eccleston Christopher , Gooberman‐Hill Rachael
Published: December 2020

Objective

Up to 20% of people who undergo total knee replacement surgery have ongoing pain and discomfort. The aim of this study was to understand what role the concepts of embodiment (of both having a body and experiencing the world through one's body) and incorporation (integrating something into one's body) might have in understanding experiences of pain and discomfort after total knee replacement.

Methods

We conducted semistructured interviews with 34 people who had received total knee replacement at either of 2 National Health Service hospitals in the UK, and who had chronic postsurgical pain (n = 34, ages 55–93 years). Data were audiorecorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically.

Results

Two main themes were identified: 1) when describing chronic postsurgical pain, some participants also described sensations of discomfort, including heaviness, numbness, pressure, and tightness associated with the prosthesis; 2) participants reported a lack of felt connection with and agency over their replaced knee, often describing it as alien or other, and lacked confidence in the knee.

Conclusion

Participants’ experiences indicate that some people do not achieve full incorporation of the prosthesis. Our study emphasizes the importance of physicians treating patients as whole people and moving beyond clinical and procedural ideas of success. Our findings suggest that to optimize postoperative outcomes, rehabilitation must focus not only on strengthening the joint and promoting full recovery to tasks but on modifying a person's relationship to the new joint and managing sensations of otherness to achieve full incorporation of the joint or re‐embodiment.