bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why Are You Not Using Computers? A Case for Drawing Vernacular Architecture by Hand
Authors: Pejkovic Jelena
Published: November 2021

In the increasingly digitized profession of architecture, opportunities to draw by hand decline constantly. The thorough shift from traditional to digital tools is rarely questioned and commonly justified by the demands of the trade. Cognitive, pedagogic and economic values of traditional documentation methods are easily overlooked, while the craft of hand drawing is under increasing threat of extinction. Taking part in vernacular heritage documentation adventures from China and eastern Serbia to Thailand and northern Pakistan, I witnessed how humble pencils and inking pens enrich human lives. These experiences have transformed me and expanded my own view of the world.
The Reconstruction of Aleppo
Authors: Steil Lucien
Published: November 2021

Human history is marked by a dramatic dialectic of “destruction” and “reconstruction”, the record of which has itself often been lost. Yet memories of tragic destructions and often heroic reconstructions remain ingrained in the history, archaeology, and myths of all civilizations. Whereas the predominant contemporary ideology of architecture seems to prefer “deconstruction” and the consecration of an imagery of fragmentation and desolation, the Reconstruction of Aleppo project proposes a traditional strategy of material and moral reconstruction. Such reconstruction seeks not only to repair and recompose the form and meaning of homes and places but also to allow for reconciliation and healing, as well as confidence and identity.
Cúpulas en la carpintería de lazo: Historia, trazado y propuesta de desarrollo con la geometría esférica y las normas del oficio como base
Authors: De Mingo García Javier , María Martín Ángel
Published: November 2021

Las cúpulas de lacería constituyen una rareza dentro de la carpintería de lazo, puesto que sólo existen seis ejemplares a nivel mundial. Quizás por ello, hasta tiempos recientes, siempre escasearon los textos que permitieran la comprensión de su trazado y su sistema constructivo. Nuestra investigación trasciende el mero análisis formal de las “medias naranjas”, ya que se rastrean otras construcciones que aúnan lacería y geometría esférica. Sobre ésta existían abundantes conocimientos que apenas fueron aplicados en carpintería. Hoy, como continuación de un oficio que se pretende recuperar, proponemos el desarrollo de cúpulas basadas en la simetría poliédrica, que obedecen el estricto trazado de las ruedas de lazo, a la vez que a la lógica constructiva de la carpintería de lo blanco.
ON THE PROBLEMS OF STUDYING FOREST BIOMASS QUALIMETRY IN EURASIA
Authors: Цепордей И.С. , Усольцев В.А.
Published: November 2021

Нарастающие катастрофические сценарии последствий глобального потепления определяют актуальность оценки углероддепонирующей способности планетарной растительности. Поэтому исследование структуры и квалиметрии биомассы древесных и кустарниковых растений имеет важное значение. Проанализировано несколько методов неразрушающего контроля древесины, каждый из которых имеет свои ограничения, и представленный краткий их анализ может способствовать выбору вари- анта, наиболее пригодного для того или иного метода неразрушающего контроля. Дан анализ состояния проблемы квалиметрической оценки фитомассы деревьев как сырья в промышленном производстве, так и в селекционных программах. Показаны возможности квалиметрической оценки древесины путем лазерного зондирования. бортовое и наземное лазерное сканирование дает с высокой точностью характеристики структуры дерева и древостоя, которые связаны с плотностью древесины. Разработка картографических продуктов по географическим градиентам в сочетании с возможностями дистанционного зондирования локальных структурных показателей древостоев обеспечивает поддержку мелкомасштабного картографирования плотности древесины. Дана характеристика впервые составленной базы данных о квалиметрии биомассы лесообразующих пород центральной Евразии и показаны перспективы ее использования.

The increasing catastrophic scenarios of the consequences of global warming determine the relevance of the assessment of the carbon-depositing ability of planetary vegetation. Therefore, the study of the structure and qualimetry of the biomass of woody and shrubby plants is important. Several methods of non- destructive testing of wood are analyzed, each of which has its own limitations, and the presented brief analysis of them can contribute to the choice of the option most suitable for a particular method of non-destructive testing. The analysis of the state of the problem of the qualimetric assessment of the tree phytomass as raw materials in industrial production and in breeding programs is given. The possibilities of qualimetric assessment of wood by laser sensing are shown. Airborne and ground-based laser scanning provides high-accuracy characteristics of the structure of the tree and the stand, which are related to the density of the wood. The development of cartographic products based on geographical gradients, combined with remote sensing capabilities of local structural indicators of stands, provides support for small-scale mapping of wood density. The characteristic of the first compiled database on the qualimetry of the biomass of forest-forming species of central Eurasia is given and the prospects for its use are shown.
DEPLATION CHARACTER OF FOREST MANAGMENT IN THE LEASED LAND OF THE IRBIT FORESTRY
Authors: Суслов А.В.
Published: November 2021

Истощительное экстенсивное лесопользование на арендованном участке – актуальная проблема лесного хозяйства. Современная практика показывает, что лесопользователь, руководствуясь экономическими показателями с целью получения большей прибыли, не ведет заготовку в малопро- дуктивных насаждениях, а осваивает высокопродуктивные насаждения с высокими запасами на 1 га.
Такая ситуация приводит к невыполнению мероприятий по воспроизводству лесов в полном объеме и к истощению лесов. Методы определения расчетных лесосек не отвечают принципам непрерывно- сти и неистощительности на лесных участках. Срок использования эксплуатационного фонда зачастую не соответствует срокам договора аренды. В документах лесного планирования необходимо приводить динамику заготовки древесины и изменения возрастной структуры насаждений на срок аренды. Фонд лесовосстановления превышает по площади ежегодный объем вырубок из-за освоения высокобонитет- ных насаждений. Один из способов для перехода к интенсивной модели лесопользования – это внесение изменений в организацию расчета лесопользования на арендованных лесных участках.

The depletion of extensive forest use on a leased plot is an actual problem of forestry. Modern practice shows that the forest user, guided by economic indicators in order to obtain more profit, does not harvest in low-productive plantations, but develops highly productive plantations with high reserves per 1 ha. This situation leads to the failure to implement measures for the reproduction of forests in full and to the depletion of forests. The methods for determining the calculated cutting areas do not meet the principles of continuity and sustainability in forest areas. The term of use of the operating fund often does not correspond to the terms of the lease agreement. In the forest planning documents, it is necessary to give the dynamics of wood harvesting and changes in the age structure of plantings for the lease period. The reforestation fund exceeds the annual volume of deforestation by area due to the development of high-priority plantations. One of the ways to switch to an intensive model of forest management is to make changes to the organization of the calculation of forest use on the designated forest areas.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЕСТЕСТВЕННОГО ЛЕСОВОЗОБНОВЛЕНИЯ ГАРИ УРАЙСКОГО ЛЕСНИЧЕСТВА ХМАО
Authors: Данчева А.В.
Published: November 2021

Приведены данные исследований естественного лесовозобновления гари в условиях Западно-Сибирского среднетаежного равнинного лесного района таежной лесорастительной зоны (на примере Урайского лесничества, расположенного в юго-западной части Ханты-Мансийского автоном- ного округа – Югры на территории кондинского административного района). Оценка лесовозобновле- ния проведена по методу учетных лент, заложенных на расстоянии 50 и 100 м от стены леса. Данные исследований показали непрерывность лесовосстановительного процесса на гари. Отмечается наличие всходов, самосева и подроста высотных категорий «мелкий», «средний» и «крупный». лесовозобновле- ние гари происходит двумя древесными породами – сосной и березой. По существующим нормативам возобновление сосны оценивается как хорошее. По количеству всходов и подроста преобладает сосна. При удалении от стены леса на 100 м происходит уменьшение количества всходов и подроста всех кате- горий крупности в 2–3 раза в сравнении с аналогичными показателями на расстоянии 50 м от стены леса независимо от вида древесной породы. Во всех высотных категориях отмечается преобладание жизне- способного подроста сосны – до 90–100 %, что является основным показателем успешности лесовос- становления исследуемой гари на данном этапе развития. береза в большинстве случаев представлена сомнительными по жизнеспособности экземплярами. В качестве лесохозяйственных мероприятий мож- но предложить проведение мониторинга за состоянием подроста и уходные мероприятия за подростом.

The results of features formations of post-fire pine undergrowth on burnt area of the middle taiga zone of Western Siberia (for example, Uraisk forestry department) in location of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area. Undergrowth was studied on tapes laid out parallel to the forest edges at a distance of 50 and 100. According to studies it is observed of reafforestation continuity of burned areas. The presence of sprouting and undergrowth of the high- elevation categories «small», «medium» and «large» is noted. The burned areas reforestation with two tree species – pine and birch proceed. According to current specification, the pine natural regeneration is assessed as «normal». The amount of pine undergrowth is greater than the amount of birch undergrowth. To be at 100 m from forest edges the number of seedlings and undergrowth decreases by 2–3 times in comparison with the same indicators at 50 m from the forest edges. There is a predominance of vital pine undergrowth – up to 90–100 %. This is evidence of the successful reforestation of burned areas at this stage of development.
STUDY OF BETULIN STABILITY BY ELECTROKINETIC POTENTIAL DETERMINATION
Authors: Мальцев Г.И.
Published: November 2021

Исследование стабильности бетулина методом определения электрокинетического потенциала. На сегодняшний день бетулин интересен в области медицины, косметики и пищевой промышленности, ведь он обладает огромным спектром биологических действий. Из него можно получить производные, которые, в свою очередь, имеют определенное хорошо выраженное действие и используются для производства различных медикаментов. И чтобы интенсифицировать процесс очистки и фильтрования бетулина для экономии времени и затрат на энергию, необходимо узнать его заряд коллоидной частицы и стабильность в водном растворе. Для этого было проведено определение электрокинетического потенциала. Найден ξ-потенциал бетулина в водном растворе, который показал, что с увеличением концентрации водного раствора бетулина вероятность разрушения дисперсии и возможность образования хлопьев при добавлении коагулянта или флогулянта повышаются. Определен заряд поверхности коллоидной частицы бетулина.

Investigation of the stability of betulin by the method of determining the electrokinetic potential.Today betulin is interesting in the field of medicine, cosmetics and food industry, because it has a huge range of biological actions. From it, you can get derivatives, which in turn have a certain well-defined effect and are used for the production of various medicines. In order to intensify the process of cleaning and filtering betulin to save time and energy costs, we need to know its colloidal particle charge and stability in an aqueous solution. To do this, we conducted a method for determining the electrokinetic potential. we determined the zeta potential of betulin in an aqueous solution, which showed that with an increase in the concentration of betulin in water, the probability of destruction of the dispersion and the possibility of flocculation when adding a coagulant or flogulant increases. We determined the surface charge of a colloidal betulin particle.
BARK BEETLE SPECIES OF IPS GENUS POSING A THREAT TO RUSSIAN FORESTS
Authors: Воробьева М.В. , Бунькова Н.П. , Сураев П.Н. , Фефелова И.А.
Published: November 2021

На основе литературных материалов и результатов собственных исследований авторов проанализированы короеды рода Ips. Отмечается, что в мировой фауне зарегистрировано 37 видов коро- едов данного рода, в том числе восемь распространено на территории Российской Федерации. короеды данного рода повреждают флоэму и камбий, как правило, у ослабленных и отмирающих деревьев. Не- редко они заселяют поваленные ветром деревья и неокоренную лесопродукцию. В то же время в экстре- мальные по погодным условиям годы или после стихийных бедствий (засуха, штормовой ветер и др.) численность короедов резко возрастает, и они приводят к гибели не только отдельные жизнеспособные деревья, но и древостои. кроме того, короеды являются переносчиками спор грибов, приводящих к де- струкции древесины. В работе приведен перечень видов короедов рода Ips, дано описание биологии не- которых видов и рекомендации по недопущению их распространения за пределы естественного ареала.
Ключевые слова: короеды, Ips, биологические особенности, виды, карантин, вредоносность.
Финансирование. Работа выполнена в рамках темы FEUG – 2020 – 0013 «Экологические аспекты рационального природопользования».

Bark beetles of the Ips genus were analyzed on the barks of literature materials and the results of the authors own research. It is noted that 37 species of bark beetles of this genus have been recorded in the wored fauna, including 8 common on the territory of the Russian Federation. Bark beetles of this genus damage their cambium, as a rule in weakened and dying trees. Often they inhabit trees felled by the wind and forest product uncovered with bark. However, in extreme weather years or after natural disasters (drought, storm, wind and other) number of bark beetles increases shar ply and they this results in the death not only individual viable trees, but also the whole stand. In addition, bark beetles are carriers of fungal spores, leading to the destruction of wood. The work provides a list of bark beetles species of Ips genus, the description of the biology of some species is given, as well as recommendations for preventing their spreading outside the natural range.
Early Childhood Education Learning Strategy During The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fajarrini Arsyia
Published: November 2021

Abstract As of March, the Covid-19 pandemic is still hitting Indonesia, this pandemic has a negative impact on Indonesian education, especially in the early childhood education level. The learning process, which initially turned into distance learning, is proof of the real impact of Covid-19. To achieve optimal learning objectives, different learning strategies are needed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the implementation of early childhood learning strategies in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The subjects in this study were teachers and pupils. The data technique used interviews and observations. Meanwhile, to test the validity of the data by triangulation of techniques and sources. The application of learning strategies carried out by teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic with bold and offline learning. Bold learning using social media in the form of YouTube and WhatsApp, while offline learning involves group home visits. Offline learning to cover learning deficiencies that has several problems.

 

Keywords: Strategic, online, ofline
The Pioneers of Russian Computer Graphics
Authors: Карпов Л. , Волков Д.
Published: November 2021

Любое современное приложение трудно представить без элементов компьютерной графики, и может сложиться впечатление, что так было всегда, а машинная графика — это легко и просто. Однако это не так.

Russian scientists contributed a lot to the creation of the computer graphics discipline, with their research works still influencing the development of this applied science field.
Is belching increasing after bariatric bypass surgery in the long term period?
Authors: Akyüz F , Göksoy B , Telli P , Nizam N , Atasoy A , Çavus B , Çalıkoglu B.F. , Demir K , Kaymakoğlu S , Beşışık F , Barbaros U
Published: November 2021

Background and aims: Gastric bypass surgery effectively treats obesity; however, its association with belching, which occurs in other bariatric surgeries, remains unclear. Hence, we aimed to evaluate belching occurrence after gastric bypass surgery.

Methods: We enrolled 12 healthy volunteers and 17 patients (12 and 5 underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and mini-gastric bypass surgeries 24 (18–54) months prior, respectively). Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed. Gastroscopy was performed, followed by the 24-hour pH-impedance analysis.

Results: Age and sex were not statistically different between the two groups (P > 0.05). Patients had a significantly higher mean DeMeester score than the healthy controls (9.11 ± 19.40 vs. 6.04 ± 5.60, P = 0.048), but the pathologic acid reflux (DeMeester score > 14) rate was similar in both groups (11.8% vs. 8.3%). Regarding the impedance, symptom-association probability was positive in 11.8% of patients. The patients also had higher alkaline reflux rates (6% vs. 0%); additionally, 50% of them experienced belching based on the questionnaire, and 25% had esophagitis based on gastroscopy. Furthermore, patients had a significantly higher number of gas reflux (123.24 ± 80 vs. 37.2 ± 21.5, P = 0.001) and supragastric/ gastric belches (182 ± 64/228 ± 66.69 vs. 25.08 ± 15.20/12.17 ± 17.65, P = 0.001). Supragastric belching was more frequent than gastric belching in the controls, whereas gastric belching was more frequent in the patients.

Conclusion: Belching increases after gastric bypass surgery in a long-term period. Gastric belching was more frequent than supragastric belching in these patients.
Covid-19: exploring the “new normal” in gastroenterology training
Authors: Ekmektzoglou K , Tziatzios G , Siau K , Pawlak K.M. , Rokkas T , Triantafyllou K , Arvanitakis M , Gkolfakis P
Published: November 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led
to unprecedented disruptions in fellowship training programs
worldwide. In gastroenterology, the strain in healthcare service
provision and the emphasis on preventing viral transmission has
adversely impacted hands-on training opportunities, with trainees
facing the constant pressure to meet training requirements under
the continuous threat of viral transmission. Emerging evidence
highlight the scale of the problem, specifically with regard to
endoscopy competence due to cancellation of elective endoscopic
procedures, provision of inpatient and outpatient consultative
care as well as academic education and the mental well-being of
trainees. As such, it has been necessary for trainees, trainers and
training programs collectively to adapt to these challenges and
incorporate novel and adaptive solutions to circumvent these
training barriers. This review aims to summarise data on the global
impact of COVID-19 on gastroenterology training and the practical
interventions that could be implemented.
An unusual recurrent ileocolonic injury
Authors: Mansour A , Lakis A , Gallez J , Elkoulali M , Laterre E , Salame M
Published: November 2021

Potassium binders (Kayexalate® and Sorbisterit®) are commonly used to treat hyperkaliemia. They are made of sodium or calcium polystyrene sulfonate. Their use is associated with multiple adverse effects including ileocolonic (or more rarely upper digestive tract) injuries which can lead to necrosis or perforations. This side effect is mostly seen in patients with chronic kidney disease or constipation. It presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea or hematochezia. The diagnosis is made when the histo-logical analysis of samples from the erythematous or ulcerated digestive wall finds polystyrene sulfonate crystals embedded in the mucosa. This diagnosis can be suspected by taking a careful initial drug inventory, if the clinician is aware of this rare but serious adverse effect. The lack of specificity of clinical symptoms and endoscopic lesions makes this inventory even more essential. Treatment is mainly supportive and requires cessation of the drug, while surgery is inevitable in the most severe cases.
O PAPEL DO PROFISSIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NA VIDA DO AUTISTA
Authors: Lopes Betina Maria Martins
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho tem como meta refletir a respeito do desenvolvimento do Profissional em Educação Física na vida do autista, pontuado algumas leis que garantem o direito de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais na rede regular de ensino, nas esferas municipais, estaduais e particulares, de acordo com a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional de 1986. Pontua-se um breve conceito de inclusão social, necessidades educacionais especiais e integração. Para que haja de fato uma educação inclusiva é imprescindível que os professores busquem capacitação, aperfeiçoamento e formação continuada, a fim de proceder à mediação ao receber alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais, visando um ensino que respeite as diferenças e particularidades de cada indivíduo. O autismo é caracterizado por anormalidades no desenvolvimento, que ocorrem antes dos três anos de idade, percorrendo por toda a vida de um indivíduo. Dentre destas anormalidades, destacam-se três áreas do desenvolvimento: a interação social, linguagem e comunicação, presença ou repertório de comportamentos e interesses restritos, estereotipados e repetitivos. A educação física tem o objetivo de estimular o desenvolvimento psicomotor e, como princípio fundamental, despertar a criatividade dos educadores, além de contribuir para a formação integral do educando. Tem como finalidade auxiliar no desenvolvimento físico, mental e afetivo. Com a regularidade da prática de atividade física, crianças com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) aprimoram comandos simples, proporcionando uma melhora na coordenação motora e comunicação. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento do autista e a importância da atividade física para o mesmo. Após a pesquisa bibliográfica, pôde-se perceber que a atividade física direcionada ao autista, juntamente com o método de intervenção adequado, leva a melhora da qualidade de vida destas crianças.
ATUAÇÃO DO FARMACÊUTICO NA LINHA DE ACONDICIONAMENTO DE MEDICAMENTOS NA FORMA SÓLIDA DE COMPRIMIDO E NA APRESENTAÇÃO EM BLISTER: ATIVIDADES, ÁREAS DE SUPORTE DENTRO DO SISTEMA DE QUALIDADE FARMACÊUTICO, FERRAMENTAS DE QUALIDADE E LEGISLAÇÕES NACIONAIS IMPORTANTES DENTRO DA INDÚSTRIA FARMACÊUTICA
Authors: Assunção Anderson de França , Andrade Leonardo Guimarães de
Published: November 2021

Existem várias posições que um profissional formado em Farmácia pode atuar dentro da indústria. O Farmacêutico é importante nas atividades de elaboração, produção, controle, análise, liberação, armazenamento e distribuição, entre as áreas de produção e as que dão suporte durante as fases de instalação, monitoramento e fabricação, embalagem de medicamentos em suas variadas formas e apresentações. Como esse tema é bem abrangente, este arquivo irá mensurar apenas as relacionadas para uma linha de acondicionamento, na área de Sistemas de Qualidade Farmacêutica na apresentação em blister e na forma Farmacêutica sólida de comprimido. Descrever também sobre algumas Ferramentas de qualidade e Legislações Nacionais que são utilizadas na Indústria Farmacêutica.
MANEJO ODONTOLÓGICO NA TERAPIA DO BRUXISMO
Authors: Cunha Deisiany Rupolo da , Sousa Germana Vieira
Published: November 2021

O bruxismo é caracterizado pelo movimento involuntária de apertar ou ranger os dentes, sendo classificado em bruxismo do sono (ranger) e bruxismo diurno (apertar), este último sendo frequente em momentos de tensão ou estresse.  Os episódios do bruxismo podem acarretar danos na articulação temporomandibular, desgastes dentários entre outros. No entanto, essas sequelas podem ser tratadas e até evitadas quando o diagnóstico é feito na fase inicial. Não existe um protocolo único para o tratamento do bruxismo; desta forma, os diferentes meios terapêuticos, devem ser diferenciadas para cada paciente. Por meio de diagnóstico do paciente, pode-se direcionar o manejo mais eficaz, no entanto, mais pesquisas devem ser realizadas para comprovação da eficácia dos mesmos.  Este trabalho compõe-se de um estudo de revisão de literatura com consulta aos bancos de dados online do qual, foram incluídos 31 artigos com publicações de 1990 a 2021 com o objetivo de apresentar as principais formas terapêuticas de manejo odontológico do bruxismo.
Estimation of the vertical distribution of particle matter (PM2.5) concentration and its transport flux from lidar measurements based on machine learning algorithms
Authors: Ma Yingying , Zhu Yang , Liu Boming , Li Hui , Jin Shikuan , Zhang Yiqun , Fan Ruonan , Gong Wei
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The vertical distribution of aerosol extinction
coefficient (EC) measured by lidar systems has been used to retrieve the
profile of particle matter with a diameter <2.5 µm
(PM2.5). However, the traditional linear model (LM) cannot consider the
influence of multiple meteorological variables sufficiently and then
induce the low inversion accuracy. Generally, the machine learning (ML)
algorithms can input multiple features which may provide us with a new way
to solve this constraint. In this study, the surface aerosol EC and
meteorological data from January 2014 to December 2017 were used to explore
the conversion of aerosol EC to PM2.5 concentrations. Four ML
algorithms were used to train the PM2.5 prediction models:
random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM) and extreme gradient boosting decision tree (XGB). The mean absolute error
(root mean square error) of LM, RF, KNN, SVM and XGB models were 11.66
(15.68), 5.35 (7.96), 7.95 (11.54), 6.96 (11.18) and 5.62 (8.27) µg/m3, respectively. This result shows that the RF model is the most
suitable model for PM2.5 inversions from EC and meteorological data.
Moreover, the sensitivity analysis of model input parameters was also
conducted. All these results further indicated that it is necessary to
consider the effect of meteorological variables when using EC to retrieve
PM2.5 concentrations. Finally, the diurnal and seasonal variations of
transport flux (TF) and PM2.5 profiles were analyzed based on the lidar
data. The large PM2.5 concentration occurred at approximately
13:00–17:00 local time (LT) in 0.2–0.8 km. The diurnal variations of
the TF show a clear conveyor belt at approximately 12:00–18:00 LT in
0.5–0.8 km. The results indicated that air pollutant transport over Wuhan
mainly occurs at approximately 12:00–18:00 LT in 0.5–0.8 km. The TF near
the ground usually has the highest value in winter (0.26 mg/m2 s),
followed by the autumn and summer (0.2 and 0.19 mg/m2 s, respectively),
and the lowest value in spring (0.14 mg/m2 s). These findings give us
important information on the atmospheric profile and provide us sufficient
confidence to apply lidar in the study of air quality monitoring.
Investigation of near-global daytime boundary layer height using high-resolution radiosondes: first results and comparison with ERA5, MERRA-2, JRA-55, and NCEP-2 reanalyses
Authors: Guo Jianping , Zhang Jian , Yang Kun , Liao Hong , Zhang Shaodong , Huang Kaiming , Lv Yanmin , Shao Jia , Yu Tao , Tong Bing , Li Jian , Su Tianning , Yim Steve H. L. , Stoffelen Ad , Zhai Panmao , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The planetary boundary layer (PBL) governs the vertical transport of mass,
momentum, and moisture between the surface and the free atmosphere, and thus
the determination of PBL height (BLH) is recognized as crucial for air
quality, weather, and climate analysis. Although reanalysis products can
provide important insight into the global view of BLH in a seamless way, the BLH observed in situ on a global scale remains poorly understood due to the lack of
high-resolution (1 or 2 s) radiosonde measurements. The present study
attempts to establish a near-global BLH climatology at synoptic times (00:00
and 12:00 UTC) and in the daytime using high-resolution radiosonde
measurements over 300 radiosonde sites worldwide for the period 2012 to
2019, which is then compared against the BLHs obtained from four reanalysis
datasets, including ERA5, MERRA-2, JRA-55, and NCEP-2. The variations in
daytime BLH exhibit large spatial and temporal dependence, and as a result
the BLH maxima are generally discerned over the regions such as the western
United States and western China, in which the balloon launch times mostly
correspond to the afternoon. The diurnal variations in BLH are revealed with
a peak at 17:00 local solar time (LST). The most promising reanalysis product
is ERA5, which underestimates BLH by around 130 m as compared to radiosondes
released during daytime. In addition, MERRA-2 is a well-established product
and has an underestimation of around 160 m. JRA-55 and NCEP-2 might produce
considerable additional uncertainties, with a much larger underestimation of
up to 400 m. The largest bias in the reanalysis data appears over the
western United States and western China, and it might be attributed to the
maximal BLH in the afternoon when the PBL has risen. Statistical analyses
further indicate that the biases of reanalysis BLH products are positively
associated with orographic complexity, as well as the occurrence of static
instability. To our best knowledge, this study presents the first
near-global view of high-resolution radiosonde-derived boundary layer height
and provides a quantitative assessment of the four frequently used
reanalysis products.
Evaluation of convective boundary layer height estimates using radars operating at different frequency bands
Authors: Franck Anna , Moisseev Dmitri , Vakkari Ville , Leskinen Matti , Lampilahti Janne , Kerminen Veli-Matti , O'Connor Ewan
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Knowledge of the atmospheric boundary layer state and evolution is important for understanding air pollution and low-level cloud development, among other things. There are a number of instruments and methods that are currently used to estimate boundary layer height (BLH). However, no single instrument is capable of providing BLH measurements in all weather conditions. We proposed a method to derive a daytime convective BLH using clear air echoes in radar observations and investigated the consistency of these retrievals between different radar frequencies. We utilized data from three vertically pointing radars that are available at the SMEAR II station in Finland, i.e. the C band (5 GHz), Ka band (35 GHz) and W band (94 GHz). The Ka- or W-band cloud radars are an integral part of cloud profiling stations of pan-European Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS). Our method will be utilized at ACTRIS stations to serve as an additional estimate of the BLH during summer months. During this period, insects and Bragg scatter are often responsible for clear air echoes recorded by weather and cloud radars. To retrieve a BLH, we suggested a mechanism to separate passive and independently flying insects that works for all analysed frequency bands. At the lower frequency (the C band) insect scattering has been separated from Bragg scattering using a combination of the radar reflectivity factor and linear depolarization ratio. Retrieved values of the BLH from all radars are in a good agreement when compared to the BLH obtained with the co-located HALO Doppler lidar and ERA5 reanalysis data set. Our method showed some underestimation of the BLH after nighttime heavy precipitation yet demonstrated a potential to serve as a reliable method to obtain a BLH during clear-sky days. Additionally, the entrainment zone was observed by the C-band radar above the CBL in the form of a Bragg scatter layer. Aircraft observations of vertical profiles of potential temperature and water vapour concentration, collected in the vicinity of the radar, demonstrated some agreement with the Bragg scatter layer.
Geodiversity primarily shapes large-scale limnology and aquatic species distribution in the northern Neotropics
Authors: Macario-González Laura Anahí , Cohuo Sergio , Hoelzmann Philipp , Pérez Liseth , Elías-Gutiérrez Manuel , Caballero Margarita , Oliva Alexis , Palmieri Margarita , Álvarez María Reneé , Schwalb Antje
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Geodiversity is recognized as one of the most important drivers of ecosystems characteristics and biodiversity globally. However, in the northern Neotropics, the contribution of highly diverse landscapes and geological history in structuring large-scale patterns of limnology and aquatic species associations remain poorly understood. We evaluate the interaction between geodiversity, limnology and freshwater ostracode assemblages to explore drivers of aquatic ecosystem structure from southern Mexico to Nicaragua. Cluster analysis based on geological, limnological, sedimentological and mineralogical characteristics of 76 aquatic ecosystems (karst, volcanic, tectonic) reveal two main limnological regions: (1) Karst terraces from the Yucatán Peninsula and northern Guatemala, and (2) volcanic terrains of the Guatemalan highlands, El Salvador and Honduras mid-elevations, and Nicaraguan lowlands. In addition, seven limnological subregions were recognized, attesting high limnological heterogeneity. Principal Component Analysis identifies water ionic and sediment composition as most influential for aquatic ecosystem classification and given their source of formation, we recognized geology as the fundamental determinant for large-scale limnological patterns. Multiparametric analyses based on biological data revealed that species association represent disjunct faunas. For instance, five species associations are closely related to limnological regions. Structural equation modelling reveals a strong influence of limnology and elevation on the biological composition, but geodiversity resulted in the most important driver. The confinement of species associations is attributed to regional lake geochemistry. We deduce a linear, continuous and primary influence of geodiversity for limnological structure, geochemical properties and aquatic biological composition in Lakes of the northern Neotropical region.
The push and pull of abandoned channels: How floodplain processes and healing affect avulsion dynamics and alluvial landscape evolution in foreland basins
Authors: Martin Harrison K. , Edmonds Douglas A.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. River avulsions are an important mechanism by which sediment is routed and emplaced in foreland basins. However, because avulsions occur infrequently, we lack observational data that might inform where, when, and why avulsions occur and these questions are instead often investigated by rule-based numerical models. These models have historically simplified or neglected the effects of abandoned channels on avulsion dynamics, even though fluvial megafans in foreland basins are characteristically covered in abandoned channels. Here, we investigate the pervasiveness of abandoned channels on modern fluvial megafan surfaces. Then, we present a physically based cellular model that parameterizes interactions between a single avulsing river and abandoned channels in a foreland basin setting. We investigate how abandoned channels affect avulsion set-up, pathfinding, and landscape evolution. We demonstrate and discuss how the processes of abandoned channel inheritance and transient knickpoint propagation post-avulsion serve to shortcut the time necessary to set-up successive avulsions. Then, we address the idea that abandoned channels can both repel and attract future pathfinding flows under different conditions. By measuring the distance between the mountain-front and each avulsion over long (106 to 107 years) timescales, we show that increasing abandoned channel repulsion serves to push avulsions farther from the mountain-front, while increasing attraction pulls avulsions proximally. Abandoned channels do not persist forever, and we test possible channel healing scenarios (deposition-only, erosion-only, and far-field directed) and show that only the final scenario achieves dynamic equilibrium without completely filling accommodation space. We also observe megafan growth occurring via ~O:105 year lobe switching, but only in our runs that employ deposition-only or erosion-only healing modes. Finally, we highlight opportunities for future field work and remote sensing efforts to inform our understanding of the role that floodplain topography, including abandoned channels, plays on avulsion dynamics.
Characteristics and beach safety knowledge of beachgoers on unpatrolled surf beaches in Australia
Authors: Uebelhoer Lea , Koon William , Harley Mitchell D. , Lawes Jasmin C. , Brander Robert W.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The majority of drowning deaths on Australian beaches occur significant distances away from lifeguard services. This study uses results of 459 surveys of beachgoers at five beaches unpatrolled by lifeguards in New South Wales, Australia to improve understanding of who visits these beaches and why, and to identify risk factors associated with their beach safety knowledge and behaviour. Many unpatrolled beach users were infrequent beachgoers and weak swimmers, with poor rip current hazard identification skills, who did not observe safety signage that was present, and yet intended to enter the water to swim despite being aware that no lifeguards were present. The survey found that the main reasons beachgoers visited unpatrolled beaches were because they were conveniently close to their holiday accommodation, or they represented a quieter location away from crowds. Future beach safety interventions in Australia need to extend beyond the standard ‘swim between the flags’ message in recognition that people will always frequent unpatrolled beaches. Future beach safety interventions for unpatrolled beaches should be tailored towards the varied types of demographic beach users, such as domestic tourist families, males, and day visitors attracted by social media.
Macroglossia: Clinical considerations
Authors:   Duke University Medical Center, Dolan Edward , Riski John , Mason Robert
Published: November 2021

Summary. Macroglossia is a multifactorial condition that is almost always associated with a space-occupying mass of the tongue. The usual treatment is surgical resection. The typical medical conditions that lead to macroglossia have been described. The orofacial myologist should be alert to the presence of possible pathology of the tongue during orofacial examination, and refer suspected instances of macroglossia to an appropriate medical resource for definitive diagnosis and treatment.
Diagnostic and operative arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Ash David , Zetz Michael
Published: November 2021

Introduction: In the past, most efforts aimed at treating internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) have involved nonsurgical modalities and/or conventional open surgical procedures (i.e. arthrotomy). Common non­surgical methods include physical therapy, bite splint appliances, anti-inflammatory medications and patient education regarding potentially destructive habits such as clenching and bruxing. If these methods failed to yield symptomatic and functional improvement, open ar­throtomy of the joint was often proposed. These procedures consist of disk repositioning, arthroplasty, meniscectomy with and without implants and other treatments (AAOMS, 1984). The purpose of this article is to describe TMJ arthroscopy: a useful alternative to open surgery for the diagnosis and treatment of intracapsular TMJ pathology.
“Os Smurfs” encontram Monet e outros impressionistas: estágio de docência em artes visuais na Educação Infantil
Authors: Baliscei João Paulo , Fabri Josimari Zaghetti
Published: November 2021

É possível, no contexto escolar, trabalhar imagens do cotidiano infantil, relacionando-as com conhecimentos, artistas e movimentos específicos da História da Arte? Diante desse problema de pesquisa, objetivamos refletir sobre o Estágio de Docência em Artes Visuais na Educação Infantil e promover aproximações entre as imagens de personagens infantis e imagens da Arte. Para tanto, respaldamo-nos nos Estudos da Cultura Visual e analisamos as experiências vivenciadas junto a crianças com cinco anos de uma escola pública. Para as intervenções, elegemos a cor azul para aproximar “Os Smurfs” e obras e artistas impressionistas. As intervenções realizadas, assim como os diálogos estabelecidos na Universidade durante as orientações do Estágio de Docência, versam sobre a necessidade de problematizar estereótipos pictóricos e ampliar/diversificar as maneiras como as cores são utilizadas na Educação Infantil.
The use of ICT in writing English in pandemic of COVID-19 period on midwifery students of STIK Bina Husada and STIKES Pembina Palembang
Authors: Arief Pamuji
Published: November 2021

The objective of this research was to find out the description of the use of ICT in writing English in a pandemic of Covid-19 periods on midwifery students of STIK Bina Husada and STIKES Pembina Palembang, The sample of this research was taken by using totaling sampling technique with 97 midwifery students from both institutions. The data were obtained based on every meeting during online learning, which was from the third meeting to the seventh meeting that consists of five days for obtaining the data. Then from the data analysis, it’s obtained that there was a good improvement response by writing English related to the material since the first day to the fifth day that was 63% of students responded to the 95% students' response on the last day. During the implementation of online learning by using ICT (Whatsapp group and Edlink) the obstacle raised on students. Many factors that made the students cannot join the class and respond. One of the factors was access to the internet in their hometown. Even had the obstacle the use of ICT can be a good choice in conducting the teaching and learning EFL process of midwifery students of STIK Bina Husada and STIKES Pembina Palembang.
Using hidden message word searches method in teaching English vocabulary
Authors: Melisa Novianty
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the study was to know whether using Hidden Message Word Searches could show better achievement in vocabulary or not. In this study, there were two groups in this study, such as: experimental and control groups. In other word, the samples were two classes (VIII.2 and VIII.3) in academic year 2011/ 2012. The writer chose them based on their report book and the same teacher of English. The techniques for collecting the data used test and questionnaire. The writer used the quasi-experimental design. As the results, this strategy showed that there was a significant difference between the students who were taught by using hidden message word searches than those who were not. Finally, the results of questionnaire indicated that this strategy was very beneficial as teaching media in vocabulary.
Improving students’ reading comprehension achievement through question generation strategy
Authors: Meti Yulistia  , Kiki Rizki Amelia
Published: November 2021

This study was aimed to find out whether or not there was a significant difference in reading comprehension achievement between students who were taught by using the Question Generation strategy and that of those who were not. In conducting the study, question generation strategy was used in the experimental group, but the control group did not get any treatment. Sixty students were assigned in two groups, with 30 students in the experimental group and the other 30 students in the control group. Reading comprehension tests was used in collecting the data. Data were analyzed using a t-test. The findings of the study showed that the question generation strategy could improve students’ reading achievement better than and those who were not. Therefore, the question generation strategy was helpful to aid students to understand the reading text
Improving speaking skill using mingle game
Authors: Susilawati  , Novia Fitri , Asmara Rekha
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to consider whether there was a significant difference in speaking skill between students who were taught using the Mingle game and those who were not.This research was conducted using a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of two groups: X MIPA 2 (experimental group) and X MIPA 3 (control group), which were chosen using a purposive sampling process. The data was collected using an oral test.The t-test was used to evaluate the results. The outcome of the independent sample t-test indicated that tobtained (3.96) was higher than the critical value of ttable (1.99), indicating that the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) accepted. It was determined that there was a significant difference in speaking ability between students who were taught using the Mingle game and those who were not.
The influence of using podcast toward listening comprehension
Authors: Nur Oktaviani  , Thresia Fenny
Published: November 2021

Listening is an individual concentration on specific aspects of aural information, build context from passages, and connect what they hear to prior experience. Unfortunately, listening activities are rarely given to students. The problem is formulated as follow: “Is there any significant difference of using video podcast toward listening comprehension of students majoring in Multimedia at the first grade of SMK 4 Metro?”.The research design was quasi-experimental. The students Majoring in Multimedia at first grade SMK 4 Metro as population. To assess the students’ listening comprehension, the researcher used a written test. Based on the result, the significance score of 0.002 was smaller than t table 0.05, which meant that Ha was accepted and there was a significant difference between students who taught by using podcast and those who were not. As a result, podcasts became an enjoyable medium to use in teaching listening skill.
Online learning during COVID-19 pandemic: Problems faced by midwifery students of STIK Bina Husada Palembang and suggestions to enhance effectiveness
Authors: Agus Wahyudi
Published: November 2021

COVID-19 or widely known as Corona Virus Disease 2019 influences  the teaching and learning process in the world. Due to prevent the spread of the virus, the Ministry of Education and Culture  ask the teachers to teach the students using online learning. Therefore, the aim of this study is to find out the problems faced by the midwifery students of STIK Bina Husada Palembang and suggestions to enhance effectiveness of online learning. The descriptive research was applied. There were 35 students involved in this research, namely Midwifery students of STIK  Bina Husada Palembang in the academic year of 2020/2021.  The data were collected using questionnaire and  were analyzed qualitatively with interactive model, covering data collection, data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. Having implemented the online learning during Covid-19 Pandemic, the students, parents, and the teachers got problems of online learning. The problems can be overcome by implementing some suggestions mentioned in this research.
A anosmia na Covid-19 é por lesão do bulbo olfatório
Authors: Andrade Juliana Ramos de
Published: November 2021

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