bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH BEBAN PROMOSI TERHADAP DANA YANG DIHIMPUN PIHAK KETIGA PADA PT BANK MANDIRI PERSERO TBK, JAKARTA
Authors: Apriliani Rina , Diantini Wulan
Published: February 2022

Third party funds are funds sourced from the public, namely in the form of savings, current accounts or time deposits. Many factors can increase third party funds, one of which is promotion costs. Promotional expenses are costs incurred by banks to carry out promotions in order to increase the quantity of sales. This study aims to produce information in the form of a more in-depth explanation of the effect of promotional expenses on third party funds and obtain results from processed data on how much influence the promotional expenses have on third party funds. The research method used a quantitative descriptive method, namely some researchers who emphasize numerical data that is processed in statistical methods. Based on calculations using a simple linear regression equation between X and Y is Y = 380716222,908 + 480,123X…e the coefficient of determination is R Square = 0,517 or 51.7% of third party funds, while the remaining 48.3% is influenced by the variables not researched. The relationship test, namely the correlation analysis of R = 0.719 and the hypothesis testing (t) the promotion expense variable tcount 5.668 > ttable 2.04227, it can be said that the relationship between the promotional expense variable and third party funds is strong.

Key words: Banks, Promotional Expenses and Investor Funds
Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Comparison with Household Members and the Role of IBD Medications
Authors: Sima Ali Reza , Saberzadeh-Ardestani Bahar , Vahedi Homayoon , Fakheri Hafez , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Maleki Iradj , Nasseri-Moghaddam Siavosh , Vosoghinia Hasan , Ghadir Mohammad Reza , Hormati Ahmad , Kasaeian Amir , Radmard Amir Reza , Khosravi Bardia , Malekzadeh Masoud , Alatab Sudabeh , Sadeghi Anahita , Aminisani Nayyereh , Poustchi Hossein , Gonoudi Elnaz , Anushiravani Amir , Rayatpisheh Maryam , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Ungaro Ryan C. , Malekzadeh Reza
Published: February 2022

Background: Most data on the effect of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its treatments on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes have not had non-IBD comparators. Hence, we aimed to describe COVID-19 outcomes in IBD compared to non-IBD patients. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of registered IBD patients with confirmed COVID-19 from six provinces in Iran from February to April 2020. Proven COVID-19 patients were followed up at four weeks and the frequency of outcomes was assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between demographics, clinical characteristics and COVID-19 outcomes. Results: Overall, 2159 IBD patients and 4721 household members were enrolled, with 84 (3.9%) and 49 (1.1%) participants having confirmed COVID-19, respectively. Household spread of COVID-19 was not common in this cohort (1.2%). While hospitalization was significantly more frequent in IBD patients compared with non-IBD household members (27.1% vs. 6.0%, P=0.002), there was no significant difference in the frequency of severe cases. Age and presence of IBD were positively associated with hospitalization in IBD compared with non-IBD household members (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03-1.10; OR: 5.7, 95% CI: 2.02– 16.07, respectively). Age, presence of new gastrointestinal symptoms, and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) use were associated with higher hospitalization rate in IBD patients (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05–1.23; OR: 6.49, 95% CI: 1.87–22.54; OR: 6.22, 95% CI: 1.90–20.36, respectively). Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was not associated with more severe outcomes. Conclusion: Age, presence of new gastrointestinal symptoms and use of 5-ASA were associated with increased hospitalization rate among IBD patients, while anti-TNF therapy had no statistical association.
Exaggerated Mini Puberty during Early Infancy of a Preterm Girl: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Ahangar Davoodi Mohamad , Ghobadi Fatemeh , Mahmoudi Golsa , Almasi-Hashiani Amir
Published: February 2022

Mini puberty is the important period of infancy life that can have a serious impact on sexual development in both sexes. In the infants born very preterm and with extremely low birth weight, mini puberty changes including changes in clinical, hormonal, and imaging data are severe and long lasting, especially in girls. It can be called "exaggerated mini puberty". In this study, a 6-month preterm infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia presented with periodic vaginal bleeding, Tanner stage 3 breast development, and Tanner stage 2 pubic hair. We did follow up clinical and para-clinical evaluations for the infant during one year and compared the obtained data with those of similar published articles. During one year of monitoring, the case gradually grew to the normal pre-pubertal state, without any hormonal suppressive treatment. Exaggerated mini puberty is a temporary physiologic state in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants that does not require any extra hormonal and surgical interventions.
INFLUENCE OF ELECTR LYTEFLOW PARAMETERS AT ELECTROCHEMICAL DIMENSIONAL PROCESSIG ON THE QUALITY OF HOLE FORMATION IN PARTS OF ROCKET AND SPACE EQUIPMENT
Authors: Boldyrev Alexander , Boldyrev Alexander , Sukhorukov Vladimir , Starodubtsev Igor
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the results of a study of the influence of the schemes of supply and removal of the electrolyte flow and its parameters (electrolyte pressure at the inlet PBX and pressure drop Δp) on the quality of electrochemical shaping of holes in samples of stainless and titanium alloys used in the manufacture of parts of rocket and space technology. It is shown that the change in PBX and Δp has a significant effect on the quality of hole formation. It has been experimentally established that the scheme of lateral electrolyte supply is preferable.
An Assessment of Fire Hazard in the Historic Town of Ouro Preto based on Four Established Analysis Methodologies
Authors: Gustavo Von Kruger, Paulo , José Silva, Fernando , Esteves Lasmar, Erika , Tomich Magalhães Felippe, Anna Rita , Ana Carolina Castanheira , Crisley Nayanne Oliveira , Luana Oliveira Gonçalves
Published: February 2022

This work aims to present a comparison of 4 (four) analysis methodologies of the fire risks in historical sites. These analysis methodologies are the following: Ebrafire, Chichorro, Gretener and Multi-criteria. The Town area under study is bordered by Tiradentes Square, Senador Rocha Lagoa Street, Conêgo Camilo Veloso bystreet and Cônego de Bobadela Street in the historic center of Ouro Preto.
The comparative analysis among the four methodologies presented discrepancies in the degrees of fire hazards. However the block assessed presents a high risk of fire, since the great majority of buildings in the area received insufficient fire safety results.
Therefore, although the results here are not conclusive, since this research is in the initial phase, it is already possible to verify the urgency of mitigation actions to reduce the risk of fire in most buildings in the evaluated block.
Salt Free Preservation of Raw Goat Skin Using Swietenia Mahogany (Seed) Extract
Authors: Razzaq Md. Abdur , Chowdhury Murshid Jaman , Uddin Md. Tushar
Published: February 2022

Curing of hides and skins using sodium salt is a well-established and economical preservation technique worldwide.  But it contributes to generating a large amount of total dissolved solids (TDS) and increasing the salinity of water during leather processing which is a threat to the environment.  The current research is an attempt to preserve goat skin using mahogany (Swietenia mahogany) seed’s extract.  In real practice different percentages of mahogany seed extract were applied on raw goat skin and 3% (by weight of skin) of it showed best result.  To evaluate the preservation efficiency, related parameters of preservation viz. odor, hair slip, shrinkage temperature, moisture content, bacterial count etc. were monitored regularly for 30 days.  The obtained results were compared with conventional salt curing process.  The experimental trial showed efficiency in lessening TDS value and chloride content. The preserved goat skins of both trials were treated following conventional leather processing techniques and physical properties were studied. The discussed preservation method exhibited comparable result in every index.
H.E.A.T. A New Sustainable Green Solution for Treating and Evaporating Hide Brine Wastewater
Authors: Vreeland Russell , Long John
Published: February 2022

Salt curing of hides releases a significant amount of excess water that must be disposed. In larger abattoirs this can result in production of tens of thousands of gallons of saturated salt brine that is also contaminated with biological material from the hides. These brines are often stored in enclosed impoundments that ultimately fill and need replacement, or the facility must build multiple impoundments. The proprietary, biologically based, sustainable Halophilic Evaporative Applications Technology (H.E.A.T.) process has been developed as a method to accelerate the evaporation of salt saturated brines. The process has been tested for 18 months in a full-scale lagoon located at an operating American beef plant. The process successfully evaporated an additional 31.99 inches of brine (866,900 gal) acre-1 of concentrated hide brine in one year, nearly drying out the South lagoon. Ambient evaporation of the same brine in an identical control lagoon at the site was only 19.19 inches (520,000 gallons) acre-1 representing a 1.66x increase in brine evaporation from the H.E.A.T. microbes. During 2020, the plant produced 3,376,000 gallons of brine, meaning H.E.A.T. evaporated 100.4 % of plant production in one lagoon in its first year. This was accomplished without additional infrastructure, equipment or external heating. During this test, Biochemical Oxygen Demand in the lagoons decreased over 98% with concomitant odor reduction. Beginning in October 2020, the lagoon began receiving all brine produced daily by the plant. This continued over the winter period, during which time the process evaporated over 34% of the inflow. Continued fertilization and microbial augmentation are essential for the continued healthy development of the system. Overall, the process and its essential microbial populations were stimulated by continuing inflow of fresh hide brines. The microbial process increases brine evaporation of concentrated salt brines, reduces odors and represents a new environmentally friendly mechanism for solving an industrial problem that has long plagued hide producers.
Integridad electoral para la calidad democrática
Authors: Manuel Alcántara Sáez , Ana Marcela Paredes Encalada
Published: February 2022

Realiza un estudio de la cultura democrática de confianza que las instituciones electorales han logrado para evitar su injerencia y falta de imparcialidad, y así legitimar los procesos electorales. Centra su análisis en el Estado ecuatoriano que por medio de sus organismos electorales no ha alcanzado la ansiada integridad electoral para un ejercicio pleno democrático; para esto, se realiza una comparación sobre los elementos diferenciadores entre países de centro, Suramérica y la Región Andina, a saber, Costa Rica, Chile y Ecuador. Inicia con un repaso del origen de las instituciones electorales en la región, continúa con un estudio de la idoneidad de la integración de los organismos electorales, para finalizar con los requisitos mínimos por considerar para la integridad electoral en una democracia.
Control de convencionalidad difuso de las normas por parte del juez electoral y monopolio de la postulación de candidaturas a favor de partidos políticos: resolución n.º 6372-E3-2021
Authors: Wendy González Araya
Published: February 2022

Analiza la resolución n.º 6372-E3-2021, dictada en el marco de un recurso de apelación electoral contra el rechazo de la inscripción de una candidatura independiente en el proceso electoral de 2022. Se trata de una resolución relevante porque el juez electoral realiza un control de convencionalidad de la norma constitucional que establece el monopolio de candidaturas por parte de los partidos políticos.
Encuestas de opinión electoral. Falacias, sesgos cognitivos y problemas para la democracia
Authors: Raymond Porter Aguilar
Published: February 2022

El presente trabajo aborda los riesgos para la democracia que aparejan las encuestas de opinión de cara a los procesos electorales, toda vez que se logra advertir la presencia de múltiples falacias, sesgos cognitivos, errores en la interpretación y significado de tales instrumentos estadísticos que pueden afectar la intención de voto, así como la legitimidad de las elecciones mismas. Se identifican al menos tres escenarios: desnaturalizar la elaboración del instrumento; manipular su contenido y resultados; y la equivocada interpretación del alcance de las encuestas electorales e inducir cuestionamientos sobre el resultado de la elección popular. Tratándose de instrumentos estadísticos de uso tan frecuente e importancia estratégica en la gestión de las políticas públicas, corresponde fortalecer y ampliar la normativa que podría reducir sus potenciales impactos negativos en los procesos electorales.
“La lucha es por la vida”
Authors: Maidana Carolina , Martínez Alejandro
Published: February 2022

En este trabajo presentamos algunas consideraciones derivadas del desarrollo del proyecto “Saberes y prácticas indígenas en un contexto de emergencia sanitaria: aportes a la salud, la educación y el ambiente en el marco de la planificación de estrategias de control, prevención y monitoreo del COVID 19”, orientado a identificar y evaluar las consecuencias de la pandemia en comunidades indígenas de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, así como las respuestas y estrategias desplegadas por estos colectivos para enfrentarla. Basándonos en la información recabada en un proceso de acompañamiento mutuo -participación de indígenas en espacios académicos; de académicos en espacios colectivos-comunitarios; diálogo entre comunidades y organismos gubernamentales y encuentros en forma virtual y presencial-  proponemos dos ejes a considerar en la planificación y activación de políticas sanitarias, donde los pueblos indígenas “son parte de la solución” no sólo de la emergencia sanitaria contemporánea sino de las múltiples emergencias que enfrentamos como sociedad.
Sprache y lectura en Walter Benjamin
Authors: García Elizondo Eduardo
Published: February 2022

En este trabajo articulamos, de modo parcial y desde un enfoque de análisis retórico, los momentos cruciales en los que la lectura aparece vinculada con die Sprache en los escritos de Walter Benjamin. Tanto la lectura como die Sprache operan en los discursos de Benjamin como un punto de cristalización sinecdóquica para la elaboración de su crítica retórica, esbozada ya en sus escritos póstumos de juventud (en sus interpretaciones críticas de las filosofías de sistema) y puesta en juego en sus ensayos de crítica de arte tempranos y tardíos.
Más allá del sujeto
Authors: Niño Felipe
Published: February 2022

El artículo bosqueja algunas consecuencias y tareas que se abren a partir de una crítica de la metafísica de la sustancia realizada a partir de Nietzsche. Se intenta poner en tensión la figura moderna del hombre y las formas de subjetivación contemporáneas. El artículo es una invitación a abandonar la espera, añoranza y postergación de otro ser humano por venir. Sirviéndose de una propuesta ética que pone en el centro al cuerpo y a la vida, se plantea la pregunta acerca de cuáles pueden ser las nuevas formas de habitar nuestro tiempo y de vivenciar las fuerzas en disputa que nos constituyen sin dejar esa tarea para el futuro. Finalmente, se propone que esas nuevas formas de ser en el mundo no pueden aspirar a ser definitivas si pretenden ampliar la vida y tampoco se producirán a partir de cultivos a gran escala.
Introducción al Dossier
Authors: De Ortúzar María Graciela , Suárez-Ruíz Ernesto Joaquín
Published: February 2022

Introducción al Dossier "Bioética después de la COVID-19. Derecho a la salud y garantía de bienes públicos en el contexto post-pandemia"
Molecular genetic determinants for the development of dental caries
Authors: Godovanets O.I. , Kotelban A.V. , Zhirulik Yu.M.
Published: February 2022

Various factors, both internal and external, lead to the development of caries. Today, the study of molecular genetic predictors of disease, including dental caries, has become widespread. We searched for literature sources in domestic and foreign scientometric databases in order to study the current state of the molecular genetic mechanisms of dental caries. Studies of the inheritance of dental caries in children using the twin method have clearly shown the key role of genetic markers in the development of the disease. Predisposition or resistance to caries may be the result of one or more genotypes, phenotypes and environmental influences. Tooth enamel is one of the most mineralized tissues in vertebrates, which is characterized by high strength and high compactness. Enamel formation is the result of a series of ectomesenchymal interactions. Enamel defects occur as a result of disturbances in the formation of teeth and can lead to changes in the formation of enamel or calcification of the organic matrix. Particular attention should be paid to enamel defects that occur as a result of disorders in the formation of teeth and can lead to changes in the formation of enamel or calcification of the organic matrix. Insufficiently mineralized or irregular enamel structure can lead to caries. Differential genetic factors on different anatomical structures of teeth, different surfaces of deciduous and permanent teeth also contribute to the development of carious lesions. In addition to defective mineralization, genotypic variations also make enamel more vulnerable. Numerous studies have established the role of inheritance of dental caries and identified the main genes that ensure the resistance of enamel to cariogenic factors, the completeness of the composition of saliva and the rate of salivation. Keywords: caries, molecular genetic determinants, amelogenesis genes, dentinogenesis genes.
Substantiation of the composition of a rectal dosage form containing ketoprofen and glucosamine sulfate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kompantsev Dmitry , Chahirova Anna , Mamedova Dgeneta , Shabanova Natalia
Published: February 2022

In the course of this study, it was found that currently more than 30 million people are forced to take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) daily. It is reliably known that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with prolonged use cause a number of side effects, the main of which are erosive and ulcerative changes in the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. Special attention is paid to the classification and comparative evaluation of various NSAIDs and possible complications in the case of their use. As a result of the performed analysis, it was found that rectal forms have been developed for most NSAIDs, which is convenient for use in pediatric practice, in patients with gastropathies, nausea, vomiting, swallowing disorders, in an unconscious state. The common sides of their pharmacological action are anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic effects due to inhibition of cyclooxygenase I, II activity and leading to disruption of arachidonic acid metabolism with suppression of prostaglandin synthesis in the focus of inflammation. Data analysis showed that NSAID suppositories are prescribed for: articular syndrome; pain in the spine, neuralgia, myalgia, traumatic inflammation of soft tissues and musculoskeletal system; rheumatism, diffuse connective tissue diseases; dysmenorrhea.
OPTIMASI PEMELIHARAAN JALAN BERBASIS AKSESIBILITAS METODE ENUMERASI (STUDI KASUS: PUWEKERTO – CILACAP)
Authors: Evinda Ninche , Nahdalina
Published: February 2022

Permasalahan kerusakan jalan akibat keterbatasan dana seringkali diabaikan dan merugikan banyak pihak terutama pengguna jalan, sehingga aksesibilitas di wilayah tersebut menjadi terganggu. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah pemeliharaan jalan dengan menurunkan biaya pengguna jalan dan menciptakan aksesibilitas maksimum jaringan jalan dalam setiap kombinasi dengan beberapa skenario anggaran untuk dipilih sebagai opsi pilihan apabila terjadi keterbatasan biaya pemeliharaan jalan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengimplementasikan optimasi pada pemodelan di wilayah Purwekerto-Cilacap menggunakan metode enumerasi dengan mengkombinasikan pemeliharaan aktual dengan pemeliharaan rutin dalam sejumlah iterasi, dan aksesibilitas maksimum yang dihitung berbasis gravity model, serta dengan pilihan rute termurah. Hasil analisis aksesibilitas total kedua arah sebelum pemeliharaan sebesar 3.20972 sedangkan setelah pemeliharaan sebesar 4.95315, dan skenario kombinasi menunjukkan pada skenario 50% anggaran dari estimasi biaya pemeliharaan ini terdapat beberapa kombinasi yang tetap memberikan nilai aksesibilitas maksimum sebesar 4.95315 yaitu sama dengan aksesibilitas maksimum apabila seluruh ruas jalan ditangani sesuai dengan kebutuhan, kondisi ini dapat dikarenakan bahwa ruas-ruas jalan yang diteliti ini masih dalam kondisi baik dan rusak sedang. Estimasi biaya pemeliharaan pada skenario 50% tersebut terdapat 579 pilihan kombinasi dengan pilihan biaya pemeliharaan berada pada rentang sebesar (0.47-0.92) Triliyun, sehinggan biaya paling minimum pemeliharaan jalan yang dapat dipilih berada pada nilai 0.47 Triliyun, yaitu pada kombinasi ke 111110, 102966, 103078, dan 102958. Hal ini dapat menggambarkan bahwa rute yang terpilih pada skenario 50% ini dapat dioptimalkan untuk dipelihara dengan baiaya minimum sebesar 0.47 Triliyun dengan memberikan penambahan nilai aksesibilitas wilayah lebih besar 54% dibandingkan sebelum pemeliharaan jalan.
ANALISIS CURAH HUJAN PADA BADAI SIKLON SEROJA TERHADAP ALIRAN DEBIT SUNGAI DI DAS TEMEF
Authors: Welkis Davianto Frangky B. , Sidharno Willem , Wahyuni Sri , Krisnayanti Denik Sri
Published: February 2022

Badai siklon Seroja yang terjadi dari tanggal 3 April 2021 di daratan Pulau Timor merupakan salah satu badai siklon dengan kekuatan besar yang terbentuk di selatan Nusa Tenggara Timur. Seroja ini mengakibatkan badai petir dan hujan dengan intensitas tinggi di bebarapa kawasan di Nusa Tenggara Timur yang mengakibatkan banjir besar. Luapan banjir akibat badai Seroja ini juga terjadi pada DAS Temef di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan. Berdasarkan data dari Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika bahwa siklon tropis Seroja merupakan siklon ketujuh dalam musim siklon wilayah Australia 2020-2021 dan satu-satunya badai yang menyebabkan korban jiwa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar intensitas hujan terhadap debit sungai di DAS Temef saat badai Seroja terjadi di awal April 2021. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisis ini dengan cara kuantitatif berdasarkan data citra satelit Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) dan dari ground station. Hasil yang didapatkan dari analisis ini diperoleh bahwa tinggi hujan saat badai Seroja adalah 146.38 mm/hari - 149.81mm/hari secara merata pada luasan DAS. Kondisi ini diperburuk dengan hujan yang terjadi secara terus menerus selama 5 hari sebelumnya yang sudah diatas 80-90 mm. Badai Seroja ini bisa menjadi tolok ukur dalam mitigasi bencana untuk kondisi anomali cuaca di Nusa Tenggara Timur.
KAJIAN RAYAPAN GELOMBANG PADA TANGGUL LUAR TELUK JAKARTA (FASE B) NCICD
Authors: Sutanto Ma'ruf Hadi , Purnama Bayu , Putra Ida Ayu Irawati Diah Ratna , Prasetyo Adi
Published: February 2022

Sebagai bentuk perlindungan Kota Jakarta terhadap permasalahan banjir dan intrusi air laut, solusi penanganan yang diberikan dalam program NCICD (National Capital Integrated Coastal Development) adalah membangun tanggul luar (outer sea dike). Uji model fisik tanggul luar Teluk Jakarta (Fase B) dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat rayapan gelombang terhadap komponen lapis lindung yang menggunakan armor tumpukan batu pada tipikal tanggul luar dengan trase yang diusulkan. Penentuan nilai tinggi rayapan dilakukan dengan menggunakan Metode Time Stack Image berdasarkan pengukuran dari video kamera. Hasil yang diperoleh pada pengujian yaitu tidak ada rayapan melebihi puncak tanggul untuk semua tipe potongan melintang baik seksi 1, 2, 3 dan 4. Pada seksi 1 dan 2, rayapan hanya merayap pada berm badan tanggul. Elevasi berm pada seksi 1 dan 2 adalah +3,5 m LWS. Untuk seksi 3, tinggi rayapan mencapai +7 m LWS untuk Hdesain = 3,01 m dengan T = 9,30 s. Sedangkan pada seksi 4, tinggi rayapan mencapai +5,4 m LWS untuk Hdesain = 2,05 m dengan T = 10,28 s. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, elevasi puncak tanggul yang telah didesain tidak akan terlimpasi oleh gelombang, sehingga selain berfungsi sebagai tanggul luar juga aman digunakan sebagai akses jalan.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum) KULTIVAR BIMA BREBES TERHADAP BOKASHI BRANGKASAN KEDELAI
Authors: Cahaya Nur , Trisnaningsih Umi , Saleh Ismail
Published: February 2022

Brangkasan kedelai merupakan limbah pada pertanaman kedelai, yang terdiri dari daun, batang, akar, dan kulit polong. Brangkasan ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembuatan pupuk organik bokashi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis bokashi yang terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah. Percobaan dilaksanakan di UPTD Balai Benih Padi dan Palawija Satuan Pelayanan Plumbon, Dinas Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi Jawa Barat yang berlokasi di Plumbon, Cirebon, mulai dari bulan Maret sampai Mei 2020. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan perlakuan yang diuji adalah dosis bokashi brangkasan kedelai. Dalam penelitian ini ada tujuh taraf perlakuan yang diuji, yaitu: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, dan 30 ton/ha Masing-masing perlakuan diulang empat kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa bokashi brangkasan kedelai berpengaruh nyata pada rata-rata tinggi tanaman, rata-rata jumlah daun, rata-rata jumlah anakan, diameter umbi, serta bobot umbi segar per rumpun dan per petak, juga bobot umbi kering per rumpun dan per petak. Perlakuan dosis bokashi brangkasan kedelai 25 ton/ha memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap hasil tanaman bawang merah dengan bobot umbi kering per petak 3,99 kg/petak.
FOCUSING ON DIGITALIZATION: CORE FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICIES TO COMPETE GLOBALLY
Authors: SEPASHVILI EKA
Published: February 2022

. The contemporary ultimate goal for any national government is to insure science-based economic development to achieve higher standard of leaving for citizens. Technological achievements are significant factors for modern global
economic development. The new industrial revolution is fundamentally different from the old ones. The current one – named as fourth industrial revolution-creates the new environment of digital world. Fourth Industrial Revolution is the key issue on
contemporary development agenda in academic, political and economic circles. Against the constant development of the information technologies, more and more business processes, products, goods, and services are impacted by innovations.
This process entails the continuous evolution of business models, which eventually are becoming more and more digitalized. However, the digital development remains still an on-going process even in condition of COVID pandemic rather than a reality of every national economy. National Governments have to redouble their efforts to create better and larger infrastructure for the digital economy to grow. The ability of expanding business through physical infrastructure cannot be considered for granted in the digital economy. Not only physical infrastructure is enough for further digitalization. The
creation of an ecosystem that systematically allows top innovations to be advanced globally still remains a key policy goals. Consequently, the national economic policy aiming at rising the welfare of the country has to pay particular attention to
resource, mainly labour and capital, efficiency by providing basic infrastructure for facilitation of digitalization and increasing their expenditure on R&D to enable businesses and individuals effectively use novelties for creating competitive advantages
to take stronger position in global markets.
SURVEY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS INVOLVEMENT IN THE REGIONS OF GEORGIA IN THE CONTEXT OF GRADUATE EMPLOYMENT
Authors: TSIKLASHVILI NATELA , POLADASHVILI TAMARI
Published: February 2022

Reforms in the field of education have been going on for almost 30 years since Georgia gained its independence.
During the period, numbers of ministers and heads of educational institutions were replaced. Unfortunately, the subject of graduate employment remains an unresolved issue. Higher education institutions (HEIs) are crucial in training qualified
graduates and employing them according their profession. The given paper presents the qualitative analysis of Higher Education Institutions involvement in the context of graduate employment. The study involves all accredited universities and teaching universities located in the regions of Georgia by January 2020, which had at least first-generation of graduates. This approach determines the reliability and validity of the
study. Hence, the research encompasses 4 universities and 6 teaching universities located in the regions of Georgia. The aim of the research is to evaluating the current conditions of HEIs in relation to labor market stakeholders, determine
the problems and challenges in regards of graduates’ employment by profession. Analyze the functions of career services and outline the aspects that create horizontal and vertical unemployment of graduates. The presented article is one of the first academic attempt that examines region based Higher Educational Institutions
by qualitative research method, using interview technique. Therefore, its scientific and practical significance is important in terms of the developing regional and then national higher educational environment.
POSSIBILITIES OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN POST-PANDEMIC GEORGIA
Authors: GIGUASHVILI GIULI , MAKASARASHVILI TAMAR
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an economic crisis in almost every country in the world and has exacerbated economic, social, cultural, legal, educational, and other problems. Artificial intelligence, as the technology of the future, offers
new ways to solve the problems of the post-pandemic period, to make technological decisions, to develop business processes using modern innovative advances, to improve management processes, to improve medical services opportunity etc.
Artificial intelligence is a field of special interest for researchers, one of the promising technologies of modern digital culture, which seeks not only to understand the nature of intelligence but also to create artificial systems with intelligent behavior.
The potential of artificial intelligence can be harnessed in healthcare, agriculture, finance, energy, communications, economics, cybersecurity, and many more. However, artificial intelligence is associated with many risks, such as its use for criminal purposes, loss of jobs, or potential replacement. The main goal of the research is to determine the possibilities of introducing artificial intelligence systems in Georgia in
the post-pandemic period, to select innovative approaches to increase economic efficiency, and to find ways to solve the postpandemic socio-economic problem.
In the scientific paper, to determine the possibility of using artificial intelligence in the post-pandemic period and indepth analysis of the current situation, both Georgian and foreign scientific literature, studies, and statistical data were studied. Using quantitative-statistical research methods, some conclusions and recommendations were developed based on the sharing of existing practices related to the use the artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence plays a special role in the process of sustainable development of the post-pandemic economy and maximization of economic prosperity.
THE GENERAL OVERVIEW OF CORONOMIC PROCESSES AND MAIN DIRECTIONS OF PROBLEM SOLVING
Authors: SANADZE GIORGI
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 new coronavirus-related pandemic processes have had a significant impact on the world’s economy. Due to the fact that the assessment of coronavirus results requires an important analytical approach, a completely new term has
been proposed by science - coronomics, the subject of which is the negative impact of coronavirus on various sectors of the economy. The term coronomics was introduced by Sri Lankan professor Ajith De Alwis. The COVID-19 related pandemic process directly
increases coronomic urgency gradually. It could be highlighted, that similar types of global risks will always exist. Understanding this is very important for the society in their daily life and in planning the economic projects that should be implemented in the future. In nowadays, humankind is facing a completely new global economic crisis, the causes of which are provoked by factors outside the economy (coronavirus). A clear example of this is the difficulties that have affected the economies of both China and a number of leading European countries. A number of companies have closed in China, the world's second-largest economy. A similar situation has arisen in the EU. Due to the arising circumstances, the mechanisms and tools that were actively used during the global financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009 are mainly considered in the fight against the coronary crisis. It should be noted that the current crisis is extremely different from the events that happened in 2008-2009 when the origin of the crisis was purely economic and not medical-biological. The spread up of pandemic processes directly influenced new technological challenges, especially in terms of the development of various types of applications and software packages. Therefore, digital-based industries play a more and more important role in society. Noteworthy that the needs of society, along with technological development, are undergoing a
fundamental change, and therefore, to meet them, it is necessary to develop completely different, innovative technologies based on high technology. The creation of social networks has had a significant impact on technological development. A social network
is a means by which new, completely different industries are formed. In addition to the above, lately, more and more people are talking about blockchain technologies and their perspectives, through which it is possible to develop various industries through
online technologies, which becomes especially relevant in late 2019 and early 2020 when the COVID-19 new coronavirus pandemic spread worldwide.
ESTIMATION OF THE POLICY EFFECTS USING COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL
(THE CASE OF GEORGIA)
Authors: ANANIASHVILI IURI , MATSIASHVILI NATIA
Published: February 2022

The findings presented in this article are to some extent continuation of the previous studies done by Georgian authors on the economy of Georgia using CGE models. The main instrument used in our research is based on a standard model tailored by Hosoe (Hosoe, 2004) to specifics of open small economy and is its modification of a certain kind. Two types of factors of production are used in this model to produce goods and services: labour and capital. The model also includes four types of commodities and production activities: agriculture, industry, construction and services. Under the necessary assumptions and restrictions, our model is a system composed of 99 equations and as many of endogenous variables. 36 of these equations
correspond to the peculiarities of domestic production; 13 of them describe the government behavior; 4 characterize the investment demand function; The other 46 equations represent the behavioral characteristics of government, households, and
the external sector. The social accounting matrix corresponding to the state of the economy of Georgia in 2019 is specially constructed for our research. To build it, we used the information contained in the Geostat Supply and Use tables (SUT), separate aggregates of national accounts, balance of payments, consolidated budget, and labor force survey data. Parameters of CGE model are calibrated based on the social accounting matrix. For this purpose, 2019 is considered as a base year and it is assumed that at that time economy of Georgia was in equilibrium. To define units of measurement for commodities and factors of production we set all prices of initial equilibrium to be equal to 1.
Using our estimated model we arrange three different scenarios for the Georgian economy to find out what could have happened after implementing certain economic policies under ceteris paribus.
According to the first scenario, the initial equilibrium of the economy is determined as of 2019 and the rate of indirect taxes is reduced by 10%. In the second scenario, we assume that the Georgian lari, has depreciated by 15% against the US dollar under
ceteris paribus and we examine the expected results of the event. Lastly, in the third scenario, we assume under ceteris paribus that export increases by 20% and determine the aftereffects of export incentives.
IMPACT OF AMENDMENTS MADE TO VALUE ADDED TAX IN 2021 ON PUBLIC AND BUSINESS SECTORS
Authors: LEZHAVA MAMUKA
Published: February 2022

Tax administrations play a big role in terms of economic development of the country. Each reform or change implemented by them leave significant imprint on shaping the business environment. Without adopting a fair tax policy, progress
in business, as well as in economy is unachievable. Fulfilment of commitments under the cooperation with EU, represents the state priority. Respectively, the best model of
European practice is being established from 2021, further promoting the cooperation between Georgia and EU to move to another level. Considering the abovementioned circumstances, the value-added taxable objects have been substantively changed
since 2021 in Georgia. The amendments aim to protect the tax payers’ rights, improve the tax regime and approximate it to the European Standard to the maximum extent possible. As a result of a qualitative research, the expectations both of field experts and business sector representatives towards the amendments made to value added tax since 2021 have been analyzed through an in-depth interview. The research was aimed
at defining the further role of the amendments from the perspective of economic development. The impact of implemented reforms on the development of the country’s economy was assessed as the research object; and the amendments made to the
Tax Code in 2021 and the mechanisms of its functioning were determined as the subject of the research.
ECO-TOURISM AND THEORETICAL-PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABLE PLANNING
Authors: AZMAIPARASHVILI MAIA
Published: February 2022

Sustainable tourism development is a fundamental concept of tourism planning. Optimal use of resources helps to preserve natural treasures. Businesses are required to have high standards of accountability in order to avoid adverse environmental
impacts in a competitive environment. Less attention is paid to the problems of destinations in general and its sustainability in particular. Innovative tourism management is increasingly focused on local destination management and its sustainability. In this paper, we discuss the problems of destination sustainability on the example of protected areas. We analyzed visitor statistics, processed visitor satisfaction survey, revenue and the impact of tourism sustainability on the quality of the destination. In addition, the paper covers the problems identified in terms of sustainable development, such as ensuring the sustainability of the destination, sustainable maintenance and development dependence on its management. Tourism and environmental conditions are interrelated. The environment contains many elements. The most important factor in achieving sustainable development is the development and management of tourism in a way that does not harm the environment. Ecologically correct planning of tourism should be well aware of the potential impacts that follow the development of tourism. Sustainable development means balancing economic progress, social justice and protection of the physical and natural environment. The principle of sustainability includes the ecological, economic and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development, so it is necessary to balance all three directions to guarantee the long-term sustainability of the destination.
AGILE PROJECT MANAGEMENT APPROACH, METHODS AND ITS APPLICATION IN GEORGIA
Authors: GORGADZE NINO
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the relatively modern Agile approach to project management, its difference from the traditional Waterfall approach, Agile application area, history and principles, advantages and difficulties of implementation and its use. Article discusses the most popular Agile methods (Scram, Kanban, Scramban), global statistics of the most frequently used relevant management software, and the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in project management; Changes resulting from the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic, which affected approaches, hybridization of approaches, methods and technologies used. The article is based on global and Georgian market research. The article includes research conducted in Georgia by the author of the article, among seventy relevant specialists from up to sixty organizations. The study outlines the scope and areas of the agile approach, the most commonly used methods and software.
ФРАНЦУЗ ВА ЎЗБЕК ТИЛЛАРИДА ДИПЛОМАТИК СОҲА ЛЕКСИКАСИНИНГ ШАКЛЛАНИШИ
Authors: NISHONOV Patxiddin
Published: February 2022

Соҳаларга оид лексикани ўрганиш, уни тартибга солиш масаласи тилшуносликда доимо долзарб бўлиб келган. Ўзбек тилида дипломатик соҳа лексикасининг тараққий этиши мамлакатимизда истиқлол даврига тўғри келади. Ушбу соҳа лексикасини хорижий тиллар, хусусан, француз тили билан қиёсий аспектда ўрганишга бағишланган ишлар салмоғи анча кам. Мазкур мақолада француз ва ўзбек тилларида дипломатик соҳа лексикасининг шаклланиши ва тараққий этиши қиёсий аспектда таҳлил қилинди. Шунингдек, дипломатик соҳа лексикасининг икки тилда шакл ва маъно хусусиятлари ўрганилди. Ўрганиш натижасида икки тил терминологик системасида мавжуд бўлган ўхшаш ва фарқли жиҳатлар аниқланди. Таҳлиллар натижасида дипломатик соҳа лексикасининг шаклланиши ҳар бир тилда муайян қонуниятлар асосида юз бериши тасдиқланди. Тилдаги ҳар бир сўз-лексема ўзининг систем-структур табиатига кўра, энг кичик микрогуруҳлардан тортиб, то тилнинг бутун луғавий структурасини ўз ичига қамраб оладиган энг йирик парадигма – луғат таркибигача бўлган майдонларга бевосита тегишлилиги француз ва ўзбек тиллари дипломатик соҳаси терминологиясини характерлайдиган асосий жиҳат эканлиги мисоллар воситасида кўрсатиб берилди. Тадқиқот натижалари ўзаро қардош бўлмаган тилларда дипломатик лексикани қиёсий ўрганишнинг самарали усулларини бойитишга хизмат қилади.
Malaysia’s Role in Advocating the Palestinian Cause
Authors: AL-zaeem Ibrahim Saqir
Published: February 2022

As the two researchers were once in Malaysia, they both realized the Malaysian role in supporting the Palestinian people and their cause; thus, they tended to prepare this study throughout benefiting from their observations, extrapolating audio-visual and readable media tools, and analyzing reports issued by the Malaysian institutes in Palestine. All of those written and visual reports are the materials of the study, which falls within surveys. This study determines the nature of the Palestine-Malaysia relationship, reads its future, recognizes the fields of Malaysian support for Palestine, and focuses on the impact of this support over the Palestinians' steadfastness and resistance. It addresses four claims: Malaysian-Palestinian Relations, Malaysian Support for the Palestinian Cause, Malaysian Facilities in the Gaza Strip, and Research Institutes on Jerusalem in Malaysia. The study results show that the official and popular relations between Palestine and Malaysia are getting stronger and the Malaysian support to the Palestinian cause is continuously growing. It finally recommends enlisting a special media discourse towards the Malaysian people and government that fits their social and cultural reality and to enhance the relations between both nations throughout empowering the diplomatic representation between them.
Bathroom Bias: Making the Case for Trans Rights under Disability Law
Authors: Schmidt Daniella
Published: February 2022

Disability law is one of the more successful tools currently being used to protect trans people fom discrimination. While the use of disability law as a framework for affirming or creating trans rights has come with some success, many in the community remain reluctant to use disability law for fear of the policy implications and stigma associated with medicalization of trans identity. After exploring the current state of the law on both the federal and state level, this Note will argue how disability law both could and should be used more often to further trans protections. In particular, this Note will look at the role of bathroom access in the fight for trans civil liberties and how disability law might be used to affirm trans people's access in the workplace to gendered bathrooms that accord with their lived sex.
Fighting the Establishment: The Need for Procedural Reform of Our Paternity Laws
Authors: Rogus Caroline
Published: February 2022

Every state and the District of Columbia use voluntary acknowledgments of paternity. Created pursuant to federal law, the acknowledgment is signed by the purported biological parents and establishes paternity without requiring court involvement. Intended to be a “simple civil process” to establish paternity where the parents are unmarried, the acknowledgment is used by state governments to expedite child support litigation. But federal policy and state laws governing the acknowledgments do not sufficiently protect the interests of those men who have signed acknowledgments and who subsequently discover that they lack genetic ties to the children in question. A signatory who learns that he is not the child’s biological father and who wishes to challenge the validity of the acknowledgment must navigate a difficult process for relief. The very act of signing an acknowledgment may subsequently prevent him from offering any scientific evidence of the absence of a biological connection to the child. As a result, he may be obligated to pay child support for years on the basis of that erroneous paternity acknowledgment, and a parent-child relationship may be imposed even if it is not in the child’s best interests. Using the District of Columbia as a model to highlight the need for procedural reform, this Article examines the federal and D.C. legislation that created voluntary acknowledgments of paternity as well as the process for either rescinding or challenging their validity. The Article then analyzes the practical implications of these processes and discusses why the presumptive weight of the acknowledgment, a conclusive presumption of paternity, is problematic. In particular, the Article questions the need for a conclusive presumption of paternity, a difficult evidentiary burden for a challenger to overcome, and whether the conclusive presumption of paternity runs afoul of constitutional protections. Finally, the Article offers possible solutions to improve the establishment process.
DeBoer v. Snyder: A Case Study In Litigation and Social Reform
Authors: Fore Wyatt
Published: February 2022

On April 28, 2015, the Supreme Court will hear oral arguments for four cases from the Sixth Circuit addressing the constitutionality of state bans on same-sex marriage. This Note examines DeBoer v. Snyder, the Michigan marriage case, with the goal of providing litigators and scholars the proper context for our current historical moment in which (1) the legal status of LGBT people; and (2) the conventional wisdom about the role of impact litigation in social reform movements are rapidly evolving.