bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning-Based Cardiovascular Disease Prediction System to reduce the incidence of occurrence
Authors: Igwe Sylvester Agbo , Jeremiah Chukwu
Published: October 2024

Health is a paramount factor when considering any nation's sustainable growth and development. The concentration of the larger population of Nigerians is in the rural areas where public health infrastructures are either inadequate or not available. This has affected the larger labor force, leaving society vulnerable to high health. In recent times, one of the major health challenges facing rural and urban dwellers is heart disease occasioned by the non-existence of proper medical diagnosis. This study develops a machine learning model to predict the onset of heart disease to minimize onset cases of occurrence. The health prediction system is integrated with a prediction module to help in providing public healthcare services to rural dwellers. The developed system was comparatively achieved using hybrid machine learning techniques, which include a support vector machine and random forest in the design of the predictive module. The system integrates rural dwellers' health records with the global health database to form part of the Big Data for global access and considerations. The performance evaluation was achieved with the help of Random Forest. The system developed shows an average accuracy of 98% using machine learning algorithms. It also provides a convenient means for rural dwellers to access public health and enables them to receive health predictions to guide against fatal heart disease.
Cybercrime And Its Negative Effects In Developing Countries
Authors: Otozi Ugah John , Ephraim Bernard , Yinka Afolabi Idris , Hyginus Mamah Chukwurah
Published: October 2024

Background: This paper investigates the prevalence and the negative impacts of cybercrime in developing countries. It also attempts to proffer solution to the problem of cybercrime focusing on identity theft, phishing, and other cybercriminal activities that are common in 21st century. This research is imperative because cybercrime has become a teething problem to most developing countries where monitoring and tracking of cybercrime offenders is still a big challenge. In Nigeria for example, cybercrime comes in different forms and affects almost all aspect of human endeavor in our day due to the rapid expansion of internet access and digital technologies. Materials and Methods: The research employs a mixed-method approach. First, it took a tour on different established cases of cybercrimes in recent time. It then carried out real life survey using a sample of about 68 students studying computing science in some universities in the southern part of Nigeria. Results: Findings reveal a high level of concern about cybercrime among respondents, with many reporting personal experiences such as phishing attempts and identity theft via social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram. The discussion emphasizes the importance of cybersecurity education and robust government regulations to combat cyber threats effectively. Conclusion: Recommendations include addressing youth unemployment, promoting ethical wealth generation, and strengthening cyber security laws to mitigate the socioeconomic and moral impacts of cybercrime in developing countries. This study contributes to understanding the multifaceted challenges posed by cybercrime in developing nations and underscores the necessity for comprehensive strategies encompassing policy reforms, educational initiatives, and socioeconomic interventions
Arithmetic Sequential Graceful Labeling For Arrow Graphs
Authors: Sumathi P. , Ramani G. Geetha
Published: October 2024

Let G be a simple, finite, connected, undirected, non-trivial graph with 𝑝 vertices and 𝑞 edges. 𝑉(𝐺) be the vertex set and 𝐸(𝐺) be the edge set of 𝐺. Let 𝑓: 𝑉(𝐺) → {𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 2𝑑, 𝑎 + 3𝑑, … , 𝑎 + 2𝑞𝑑} where a ≥ 0 and 𝑑 ≥ 1 is an injective function. If for each edge 𝑢𝑣 ∈ 𝐸(𝐺) , 𝑓 ∗ : 𝐸(𝐺) → {𝑑, 2𝑑, 3𝑑, 4𝑑, … , 𝑞𝑑} defined by 𝑓 ∗ (𝑢𝑣) = |𝑓(𝑢)− 𝑓(𝑣)| is a bijective function then the function 𝑓 is called arithmetic sequential graceful labeling. The graph with arithmetic sequential graceful labeling is called arithmetic sequential graceful graph. In this paper, we prove that one side arrow graphs 𝐴𝑅𝜂 2 , 𝐴𝑅𝜂 3 , 𝐴𝑅𝜂 5 and double-sided arrow graphs 𝐷(𝐴𝑅𝜂 2 ),𝐷(𝐴𝑅𝜂 3 ) are arithmetic sequential graceful graph
AI in Fake News Detection: Balancing Technological Efficacy and Ethical Integrity
Authors: Sheth Aditya
Published: October 2024

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AI For Real-Time Detection And Mitigation Of Fake News Via Multi-Source Verification
Authors: Bansal Aayam
Published: October 2024

The drought of fake news in the cover of the digital age makes information quality and its influence by senses. To address this issue, this paper introduces an innovative process to counter the misinformation spread by designing a real-time detection and mitigation model which is based on an AI Environment. Existing solutions do postpublication fact-checking, but our proposed system performs cross-verification of news sources for extracting facts from publications, it observes language patterns and compares content with trusted databases, analyzing the reliability among them in real-time. We empirically show that this approach achieves a significant improvement in performance over the state-of-the-art on both the LIAR dataset and real-time social media analysis. Our results demonstrate that the system is able to attain 89% of accuracy on detecting fake news, with a processing latency lower than 1.5s per article. It provides a real-time scalable solution to detect and combat fake news, assisting in the continued fight to keep online information accurate
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Authors: . .
Published: October 2024

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Integrating Sparse Reward Handling, Ethical Considerations, And Domain-Specific Adaptation In RlBased Machine Translation For Low-Resource Languages
Authors: Jagga Aakansha
Published: October 2024

Effective communication across languages remains a critical challenge, particularly in low-resource settings where conventional machine translation approaches falter due to sparse data and limited quality feedback. This paper presents a holistic framework to enhance reinforcement learning (RL) based machine translation systems tailored for such environments. We address the trifecta of challenges: sparse feedback on translation quality, ethical implications in algorithmic decision-making, and the imperative to adapt models to nuanced linguistic domains. This approach integrates advanced techniques in sparse reward handling, ensuring RL models learn efficiently despite limited feedback. Ethical considerations drive our methodology, emphasizing fairness, bias mitigation, and cultural sensitivity to uphold ethical standards in AI-driven translations. Additionally, domain-specific adaptation strategies are explored to tailor models to diverse linguistic contexts, from technical jargon to colloquialisms, enhancing translation accuracy and relevance. Through a rigorous experimental framework, including evaluation metrics like BLEU score and user feedback, we demonstrate substantial improvements in translation quality and ethical compliance compared to traditional methods. This research contributes to the evolution of robust, inclusive translation technologies pivotal for fostering global understanding and equitable access to information. This paper not only addresses current challenges but also sets a precedent for future research in AI ethics and machine learning applications, advocating for responsible innovation in crosscultural communication technologies
Prevalence Of Some Pyogenic Organisms In Skin Wound Infections In Sheep And Goat
Authors: Hanna Yasser , . Farag , A.H Enas , Nagib Hanan Ezzat , El-Kader Shaimaa A. Abd
Published: October 2024

Background: Pyogenic bacterial infections are broadly found worldwide among sheep and goats and are adversely impacting the development of the small ruminants’ industry. The study was performed to identify and characterize most prevalent bacteria isolated from skin and wound infections of sheep and goat of various rearing condition in Egypt. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifteen pus samples (sheep≈70) and (goat≈45) obtained from skin abscesses and pyogenic wounds during the study period 2022-2023. The samples were cultured onto suitable media, microscopically and biochemically tested. The obtained isolates were assessed for their antibiotic susceptibility and subjected to polymerase chain reaction to detect certain genes which responsible for the virulence and antibiotic resistance. Results: Bacterial isolates were recovered from 83 out of the 115 collected pus samples (72.17%) with pure isolation were obtained in 68 cultures. The bacterial isolation was achieved in 88.57% and 46.66% from sheep and goat respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa were recovered as 19.35% from sheep and 23.81% from goat while Staphylococcus aureus were isolated as 46.77% and 38.09% from sheep and goat respectively. Regarding Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was obtained from 37.09% of sheep and 9.52% of goat samples. P. aeruginosa isolates were highly sensitive to erythromycin, amikacin, ampicillin /sulbactam and cefoxitin and high resistance to amoxicillin /clavulanic acid, clindamycin, and quinolones with 58.82% MDR pattern. S. aureus isolates revealed the high sensetivity to amikacin, imipenem and clindamycin but high resistant to quinolones with 21.62% act as MDR. C. pseudotuberculosis isolates were sensitive to most of tested antibiotics except amoxicillin /clavulanic acid and clindamycin. PCR assays revealed that P. aeruginosa isolates carried toxA and blaOXA-1 genes by 35.29% and 64.70% respectively while S. aureus isolates was found to load eta gene by 13.51% and ermC gene 18.91% and in the same line ten C. pseudotuberculosis was found to harbor pld gene 40%. Conclusion: It was concluded that Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus as well as Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis were the most isolated bacterial species in skin infection among sheep and goat in Egypt. Majority of the isolates were MDR and highly resistant to β lactams and quinolones but sensitive to amikacin and imipenem. PCR assays revealed that the isolates carried virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in significant incidence.
Impact Of Diet Counseling For Old Age People
Authors: Anitha Prof D. , Hemavathy Dr. V.
Published: October 2024

A training programme for the food service personnel from old age home and impart diet counseling to the elderly people, based on dietary knowledge, practices and assessed its impact.The effectiveness of the programme was evaluated after an interval of one month using the same checklist
Evaluation Of Biogas Production Rate From Agricultural, Sewage And Homemade Wastes
Authors: Abaraogu Udechukwu John , Osuagwu J. C. , Onosakponome R. O. , Nwakwasi N. L.
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the production of biogas using two mini-biodigesters of 120 liters each, within a controlled laboratory environment. The research focuses on evaluating the biogas yield from four distinct feedstocks: sewage waste, pig waste, poultry waste, and homemade waste composed of watermelon and pineapple residues. Each feedstock was used individually and in various combinations to determine their effectiveness as substrates for biogas production. The experimental setup was designed to measure the average daily biogas production rates and methane content over a period of 14 days of maximum production. The results revealed that the average daily biogas production rates (in cubic meters) were as follows: 0.0329 for sewage waste (X1), 0.0372 for pig waste (X2), 0.0354 for poultry waste (X3), and 0.0296 for homemade waste (X4). When combined, the production rates were 0.0362 for sewage and homemade waste (X1+X4), 0.0384 for sewage, pig, and poultry waste (X1+X2+X3), and 0.0410 for the combination of all four feedstocks (X1+X2+X3+X4). In terms of methane content, the findings indicated that the percentages were 54.8% for sewage waste (X1), 58.7% for pig waste (X2), 56.6% for poultry waste (X3), and 51.7% for homemade waste (X4). The combinations showed higher methane content with 68.2% for sewage and homemade waste (X1+X4), 65.5% for sewage, pig, and poultry waste (X1+X2+X3), and 69.3% for the combination of all four feedstocks (X1+X2+X3+X4). These results highlight the potential of utilizing various organic wastes for biogas production, demonstrating that mixed substrates can enhance both the yield and methane content of the biogas. This research contributes to the understanding of biogas production dynamics and provides insights into optimizing feedstock combinations for improved biogas generation
Philosophical Thinking About Somalia's Oil And Gas Exploration
Authors: Ulusow Ayub Hassan , Ali Hussein Abdullahi
Published: October 2024

Somalia is currently at a crucial moment due to the possibility of discovering oil and gas deposits, despite its long-standing instability and economic complications. This article provides inclusive philosophical analysis of the environmental, ethical and economic dimensions of resource production in the context of Somali’s fragile social, environmental, and political context.This study evaluates the moral responsibilities of shareholders involved in gas and oil exploration, especially balancing economic benefit with environmental sustainability and communities’ justice. We used different methods of deontological ethics, utilitarianism, and deep ecology. We discuss ethical considerations such as intergenerational justice, corporate social responsibility, promotinggovernance frameworks that confirm equitable distribution of resource wealth, and avoiding the onset of the “resource curse.” We also take some case studies from Venezuela, Nigeria, and Canada and give insights into the potential pitfalls and best practices for resource management. This article accomplishes by recommending the best strategic approach that incorporates ethical considerations into petroleum Somalia’s industry, economy equity, promoting sustainable development, and long-term environmental stewardship
Integrating Green Building Practices In Urban Development
Authors: Dhull Armaan
Published: October 2024

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Consumer Perception And Willingness To Pay For Plastic Bags In Somalia's Traditional Markets: Evaluating The Ban's Effectiveness
Authors: Ulusow Ayub Hassan
Published: October 2024

The policy prohibiting the use of disposable plastic bags in Somalia represents a governmental effort to mitigate plastic waste accumulation. The policy's effectiveness remains uncertain, as it is implemented solely in modern retail stores, whereas the primary source of plastic bag waste originates from traditional markets. This study seeks to assess consumer perceptions of government policies concerning the ban on disposable plastic bags in traditional markets, as well as their willingness to pay for each plastic bag utilised. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire administered to consumers of traditional markets. The study's results indicated that most consumers concurred with the policy's implementation in traditional markets, albeit with a recommendation for gradual application. The implementation of paid plastic bags was also agreed upon. Their argument relies on the belief that the policy may enhance public awareness and concern regarding the reduction of disposable plastic bag usage. The average value of consumers' willingness to pay for a plastic bag is variable, indicating that consumers remain inclined to pay higher amounts. To decrease the utilisation of plastic bags within the community, it is essential to either increase the cost of plastic bags significantly or to explore alternatives, such as shopping baskets, reusable bags, or environmentally friendly plastic options
Influence Of The Seasons On The Physico-Chemical Parameters And Nutrients Favouring The Proliferation Of Cyanobacteria In TheAghien Lagoon (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Yao Rosine Djeha , Coulibaly Julien Kalpy , Konan Martin Kouassi , Yao ÉricKouamé , Koffi Mathias Ahoutou , Dosso Mireille , Djaman Joseph Allico
Published: October 2024

Background: In Africa, freshwater ecosystems are subject to increasing anthropogenic pressures that could potentially have an impact on water quality. In Côte d'Ivoire, in the district of Abidjan, it is estimated that the population will reach almost seven and a half million in the next fifteen years, leading to a rapid increase in water consumption. In order to meet the population's drinking water needs, the Aghien lagoon has been identified by the Ivorian authorities as a likely alternative source of drinking water. The aim of this study is to identify the factors that encourage the proliferation of cyanobacteria and to analyse the influence of the seasons on these factors. Material and method: Samples were taken from June 2016 to March 2018 at six stations in the Aghien lagoon. Physico-chemical parameters were measured in situ using the YSI®EXO 2 multi-parameter probe. The water samples used for nutrient research were taken using an integrated sampler. These samples were stored and then sent to the laboratory for the various nutrient assays. Results: The results reveal that the proliferation of Cyanobacteria in the Aghien lagoon is favoured by physicochemical parameters such as temperature, hydrogen potential, conductivity, turbidity and nutrients containing phosphorus and nitrogen compounds. Conclusion: Analyses show that these factors are influenced by the seasons.
Bio-Conversion Of Plastic Waste Into Sustainable Biofuels: A Comprehensive Review Of Microbial Degradation Approaches
Authors: Palleti Sunitha , Varshini Maddela , Bhargavi Lokurthi , Tejasri Morapalli
Published: October 2024

Plastic's pervasive presence in contemporary society has revolutionized industries and daily life but has concurrently birthed environmental concerns necessitating innovative and sustainable solutions. This review navigates recent strides in plastic-to-fuel conversion, with a particular focus on the transformative potential of microbial degradation. Beginning with a critical assessment of environmental challenges linked to conventional plastic disposal, this review meticulously dissects microbial degradation. Unveiling the intricate processes orchestrated by bacteria and fungi, it delves into the unique advantages this method offers, including reduced land dependency, cost efficiency, and minimal environmental impact, setting it apart from traditional approaches like pyrolysis and gasification. Navigating challenges inherent in plastic-to-fuel conversion, such as energy consumption and emissions, this review synthesizes the latest research, technological breakthroughs, and ongoing initiatives. It culminates in a comprehensive overview of microbial degradation's potential for sustainable plastic waste management and biofuel production. As a synthesis of cutting-edge knowledge, this review not onlyq1 informs current scientific discourse but also charts course for future research, policy, and industrial practices, steering towards a harmonious equilibrium between the benefits of plastic and environmental considerations. This work serves as a beacon for those dedicated to fostering a sustainable future through a nuanced understanding of plastic waste management, environmental sustainability, and the evolving landscape of biofuel production.
Drought Adaptation Strategies Among Smallholder Cereal Farmers In Makueni County, Kenya
Authors: Ondiko Jackob Haywood , Karanja Amon Mwangi , Obulinji Humphreys Were , Ondimu Kennedy Nyabuti
Published: October 2024

Increasing frequency and severity of drought increase vulnerability of smallholder cereal farmers globally. Arid and Semi-Arid Lands cover 80% of Kenya and location around the equator are major factors in drought development in the country. Frequent droughts result in fluctuations in cereal yields hence food insecurity in Makueni County. This study evaluated community-based and indigenous knowledge drought adaptations practiced by smallholder cereal farmers in Makueni County, Kenya. This study adopted explanatory sequential mixed methods research design. Household surveys (N=225) and key informant interviews (N=16) were used. Descriptive techniques were used in data analysis. The study found that frequent droughts in Makueni County resulted in adoption of small farm sizes for production of maize, sorghum and finger millet. Majority of the farmers produced between 1 and 10 bags of cereals. Majority (50.2%) of the smallholder cereal farmers who adopted community-based adaptations and indigenous knowledge-based drought adaptations strategies recorded an in increase in cereal yields in Makueni County. Early planting (66.7%), timely weeding (61.4%), manure application (57.0%), improving land tillage (56.1%), seed spacing (55.3%) and planting droughtresilient seeds (44.7%) led to the high annual cereal yields ranging between 1 and 10 bags in Makueni County. The drought adaptation strategies are commendable for upscaling in agro-ecological zones with similar climatic conditions in order to improve food production in the country. Information and data generated by this study is expected to result in improvement in drought adaptation policy formulation and adaptive capacity of smallholder cereal farmers hence, improvement in food production and security.
Non-standard Lagrangians and a model of branched Hamiltonians
Authors: Ghosh Dibyendu
Published: October 2024

Take up some examples of multi-valued structure of the governing Hamiltonians namely, the branched Hamiltonians are explored, as recently advocated by Shapere and Wilczek.These are in fact cases of switchback potential, in the continuous interpolation of discrete time dynamical systems that exhibit chaotic behaviour enabling incorporation of a canonical quasi-Hamiltonian formalism
Spectral and Luminescence Study of Er3+ Doped Phosphate Glasses for the Development of 1.5 µm Broadband Amplifier
Authors: Meena S.L.
Published: October 2024

Ytterbium zinc lithium lead alumino antimony borophosphate glasses containing Er3+ in (25-x)P2O5: 10ZnO: 10Li2O: 10PbO: 10Al2O3: 10Sb2O3: 10Y2O3: 15B2O3: Er2O3 (where x=1, 1.5,2 mol %) have been prepared by melt-quenching method. The amorphous nature of the glasses was confirmed by x-ray diffraction studies. Optical absorption, excitation Spectrum and fluorescence spectra were recorded at room temperature for all glass samples. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ωλ (λ=2, 4, 6) are evaluated from the intensities of various absorption bands of optical absorption spectra. Using these intensity parameters various radiative properties like spontaneous emission probability, branching ratio, radiative life time and stimulated emission cross– section of various emission lines have been evaluated.
Impactos Das Mudanças Climáticas Na Bacia Hidrográfica Do Itaqui: Avaliação Do Aumento Do Nível Do Mar
Authors: Carvalho Ana Carolina Coutinho , Rodrigues Taíssa Caroline Silva
Published: October 2024

O artigo aborda os impactos das mudanças climáticas na Bacia Hidrográfica do Itaqui, localizada em São LuísMA, com ênfase no aumento do nível do mar e nas consequências decorrentes desse fenômeno. A pesquisa utilizou o modelo BR-Mangue para simular cenários futuros de elevação do nível do mar, considerando as projeções estabelecidas pelo Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC) até o ano de 2100. Foram analisados cinco cenários distintos de emissões de gases de efeito estufa, cada um com uma elevação projetada do nível do mar, variando entre 0,3 metros e 1,1 metros. Os resultados indicam que o aumento do nível do mar pode ter sérios impactos sobre a infraestrutura portuária, especialmente no Complexo Portuário do Itaqui, uma das principais infraestruturas da região. Além disso, o ecossistema local, composto por áreas de mangue e zonas costeiras, também estaria ameaçado por processos de erosão e intrusão salina. As comunidades que vivem próximas à bacia, muitas das quais dependem das atividades portuárias e da pesca, também seriam severamente afetadas, sendo necessário o desenvolvimento de estratégias de adaptação e mitigação. A metodologia empregada na pesquisa inclui uma análise geoespacial detalhada, que utiliza ferramentas de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), combinada com modelagem baseada em autômatos celulares. Essa abordagem permite uma simulação dinâmica e abrangente dos possíveis impactos da elevação do nível do mar sobre a bacia. Este estudo oferece uma contribuição significativa para a compreensão dos desafios que áreas costeiras como a Bacia do Itaqui enfrentam devido às mudanças climáticas. Ao identificar os riscos potenciais e seus impactos, o estudo fornece subsídios essenciais para a implementação de políticas públicas e estratégias de planejamento urbano e ambiental voltadas para a adaptação e mitigação dos efeitos das mudanças climáticas
Governance In Smart Cities: Identifying And Analyzing Key Indicators Of Governance Structures
Authors: Cezar Natasha De Araujo , Carmona Zero Dalmaso , Souza Lucas Pereira De , Pegino Paulo Marcelo Ferrarese , Ferreira Melissa Manami
Published: October 2024

Background: Smart cities are characterized by integrating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to address urban challenges, involving human and social capital as well as smart governance. Although there is no consensus on their definition, smart cities are generally seen as innovative projects to foster urban development through technology. However, effective governance in these cities poses significant challenges, requiring a multifaceted approach that involves collaboration between public and private sectors and civil society. This study seeks to identify key indicators for constructing effective governance frameworks in smart cities. Materials and Methods: Through a qualitative analysis of 70 articles from the ScienceDirect portal (2020-2024), this study explores the criteria and indicators of governance in smart cities. The articles were reviewed and filtered using a protocol with nine guiding questions, resulting in the extraction of 311 terms, which were then grouped into 33 indicators across five themes. These themes - Governance and Participation, Policies and Regulations, Strategies and Urban Planning, Technology and Innovation, and Indicators and Assessments - form the foundation for effective governance structures in smart cities. Results: The results highlight that governance in smart cities must be dynamic and adaptable, incorporating citizen participation, transparent public policies, open data practices, and efficient use of ICT. The findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of how governance structures can foster sustainability, inclusivity, and efficiency in smart urban environments. By synthesizing key governance indicators, this research provides a framework to guide the development of governance models that can support the evolving needs of smart cities. Conclusion: Effective governance in smart cities requires dynamic, adaptable structures that foster collaboration between public and private sectors and civil society. This study provides a framework to promote sustainability, inclusivity, and efficiency in smart urban environments.
How Can Businesses Ensure Sustainability Across Their Global Supply Chains, Particularly When Working With Suppliers In Developing Countries?
Authors: . Samar
Published: October 2024

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Digital Transformation In Cooperatives: Opportunities And Challenges
Authors: Minzar Mohammed , Mishra Manish Kumar
Published: October 2024

This research paper explores the digital transformation of cooperatives in Uttar Pradesh, India, focusing on the opportunities and challenges that arise during this transition. The study highlights the role of digital technologies in enhancing operational efficiency, improving member engagement, and increasing market access for cooperatives. However, challenges such as technological literacy, infrastructure deficits, and resistance to change hinder this progress. The paper provides recommendations for stakeholders to harness the potential of digital transformation in the cooperative sector. Digital transformation represents a significant shift in how organizations operate, driven by the integration of digital technologies into all facets of business processes. This study explores the opportunities and challenges associated with digital transformation in cooperatives, which are uniquely positioned to leverage technology while adhering to principles of member participation and social responsibility. Despite the potential benefits, such as enhanced operational efficiency, improved member engagement, and access to new markets, many cooperatives encounter substantial barriers, including resource constraints, resistance to change, and cybersecurity risks. By understanding the interplay between technology, culture, and governance, cooperatives can better position themselves for sustainable growth and resilience in an increasingly digital economy
Synthesis of Substituted 4-Styrylcoumarins via Wittig Reaction: An Approach to Photophysical and DFT Studies
Authors: Hunagund Umesh B. , Shanabhag Arpita A. , Hebbar Nagashree U , Shastri Lokesh A. , Alawandi Ganesh N.
Published: October 2024

A novel coumarin derivative of4-(4-aminostyryl)-7-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (5)was synthesized by the reaction of 4-(bromomethyl)-7-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one and p-nitro benzaldehyde using toluene at 120Co via standard Wittig reaction condition. The molecules were characterized by spectral analysis and the photophysicalproperties for organic electronic applications were examined, such as thermal stability, strong and broad optical absorption and emission studies. Optical properties are explicated by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy andoptical band gaps of the molecules 4 and 5 are found to be 3.35eV-3.65eV as estimated from their onset absorption edge. The 4-(4-aminostyryl)-2H-chrome-2-one a coumarin showed high thermal stability up to 239-367 °C. Density functional theory computations were performed to understandintermolecular charge transfer property.
Analysis Of Chemical Components And Reducing Sugar Content In Popular Energy Drinks In Nigeria: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Talea A. A. T. , Abibu M. A. , Akanfe F. A. , Olaoluwa D. T. , Adeniyi B. O. , Adenipekun O. D. , Muraina T. A.
Published: October 2024

The study undertook a thorough examination of the chemical components present in soft drinks, focusing particularly on popular energy drink brands in Nigeria and their potential health effects using established chemical analysis techniques. All the sampled soft drinks exhibited acidity attributed to acidic preservatives, with pH levels ranging from 2.78 to 3.28, impacting both taste and shelf life. The Lane and Eynon titration method was employed to determine sugar content, revealing the presence of both reducing sugars (glucose, fructose) and non-reducing sugars (sucrose), which ranged from 15.28 to 23.71 g/100 ml. Energy drinks, notable for their higher caffeine content to counteract bitterness, were found to contain caffeine levels ranging from 325.11 to 405.12 mg/L, measured using UV-visible spectrophotometry. Thin-layer chromatography identified synthetic food colorants across different drinks, which serve to enhance visual appeal and influence consumer perception. The study underscores the importance of consumer awareness regarding the chemical composition of soft drinks, particularly energy drinks, and their potential health implications.
Sustainable Development of Agro-Based Industries and Agricultural Practices: An Analytical Study of Rajasthan
Authors: Arora Vijay , Trivedi Dr. Rajnikant
Published: October 2024

Background: Agriculture plays a pivotal role in Rajasthan's economy, supporting a significant portion of the population. However, the sector faces numerous challenges, including water scarcity, soil degradation, and climate change impacts. This study investigates the sustainable development of agro-based industries and agricultural practices in Rajasthan, analyzing current practices, challenges, and potential solutions. Materials and Methods: The research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews and focus group discussions with a quantitative survey of 500 participants across various districts of Rajasthan. Data were collected on agricultural practices, challenges faced by farmers, and perspectives on sustainable development. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, while qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: The study revealed a blend of traditional (68% using rainwater harvesting) and modern (42% adopting precision farming) agricultural practices. Water scarcity emerged as the most critical challenge, reported by 85% of farmers. Sustainable strategies showed promising results, with organic farming increasing income by 20% and water-efficient irrigation reducing water usage by 40%. Agro-based industries, particularly food processing and textiles, contributed significantly to the state's economy. Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for integrated approaches to address water scarcity, promote sustainable farming practices, strengthen agro-based industries, and enhance farmers' access to markets and credit facilities. Policy recommendations include prioritizing water management, climate change adaptation, and farmer education to ensure a sustainable and resilient agricultural future for Rajasthan
The Idea Of Levying 40% To 50% Tax For Processed Artificial Food Rich In Sugar/Salts/ Fats In India
Authors: Verma Dr. Durga
Published: October 2024

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Evaluating The Role Of International Financial Institutions In Maintaining Financial Stability
Authors: IORNENGE JEREMIAH TERDOO
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the functions of IFIs specifically the IMF, World Bank, and BIS in relation to balance of payments in the international financial system. Employing a cross-sectional research methodology, the study analyzes IFI interventions during the Asian Financial Crisis (1997), the Global Financial Crisis (2008), and the COVID-19 pandemic. It evaluates data related to GDP growth, capital flows, and systemic risk measures, and finds that IFIs have a highly positive impact on economic recovery and financial system stability. The study also highlights the importance of advanced technologies, such as big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, in improving IFI capacities for evaluating and forecasting financial stability. However, it reveals issues with data quality, methodological limitations, and policy-data gaps, particularly from developing countries where IFIs are crucial. Recommendations are provided for enhancing data acquisition, openness, and the use of big data analytics, along with directions for further research in prognostic modeling and crisis anticipation.
The Impact Of Female Entrepreneurs On Local Economies
Authors: Choudhary Manaswini
Published: October 2024

This paper looks into the contribution of female entrepreneurs to regional economies and gives further detail on the contribution they may make to innovation, economic growth, and community development. It proves that women-owned businesses do not give variety to the market but are also significant in generating employment and reinvesting revenues into their local communities, which causes a trickle effect and increases well-being within the general economy. The paper will discuss case studies on successful and famous female entrepreneurs: Mindy Kaling, founder of Kaling International; Sara Blakely, founder of Spanx; Whitney Wolfe Herd, co-founder of Bumble; and Nadia Hussain, owner/creator of Nadia's Kitchen. The study of each woman will show precisely how these women have revolutionized industries and sparked local economies through their unique ideas and the leading force of this entrepreneurship. Success and stories of Sara Blakely with Spanx also prove that one entrepreneurial vision can change an entire industry in the blink of a second by creating a new market segment and thousands of jobs. Also, the creation of Bumble has disrupted not only social networking and dating apps but also created great economic benefits with regard to jobs and technology. Mindy Kaling’s impact through Kaling International showcases the potential for creative entrepreneurs to shape media and entertainment, influencing cultural narratives while supporting local talent and economic growth. Nadia Hussain’s Nadia’s Kitchen underscores the role of culinary entrepreneurship in promoting cultural diversity and community engagement, alongside creating new employment opportunities. The paper also explores the critical success factors contributing to the achievements of these female entrepreneurs, including access to funding, robust support networks, educational opportunities, and favorable policy environments. It highlights how these factors together help bring about entrepreneurship among women, succeeding in their barrier-breaking business enterprises with unique strengths. It therefore points to wider economic and social benefits of female entrepreneurship through in-depth examination of these factors. It goes further to argue for the necessity for continued and increased support for women in business through policies and initiatives that can further make their impact on local economies more solid. This, the research argues, is how investing in female entrepreneurs helps build economic development into more inclusive and resilient communities
Stock Volatility Modelling With Augmented Garch Model For Voltas Ltd
Authors: Vismitha A.D.
Published: October 2024

This research paper seeks to examine the efficiency of the augmented GARCH models in estimating the stock volatility. GARCH models that were introduced by Bollerslev (1986) became popular for the modelling of time varying volatility in the financial markets. However, due to the specificity of financial markets and variation of factors that define it, extra parameters may be required to improve the model. To investigate further, the study uses an extended GARCH model that integrates other features including leverage effects, exogenous variables and non-linearities. These components seek to establish features giving clearer volatility patterns of stock markets. In this paper, empirical comparison of the extended GARCH model with the basic forms of the models is done. The outcomes are expected to be of interest to financial investors, advisors and risk managers
Assessing The Impact Of Procrastination On Workplace Efficiency And Employee Performance
Authors: Bhutani Mannat
Published: October 2024

Background: Procrastination with self-regulation, motivation, and emotional control as its underlying causes is a psychological issue, in addition to being a mere time management problem (Metin et al., 2016). Procrastination at work takes many forms, like employees extending deadlines, postponing their assignments, or instead of their primary responsibilities, focussing on unimportant activities. Procrastination is a serious issue that can hinder organisational success aside from being a personal struggle for employees. Organisations can boost outcomes for performance, promote a more dynamic and productive work setting, and improve employee well-being by employing targeted strategies and interventions to address procrastination. This study's main goal is to assess procrastination and how it affects efficiency at work and the performance of an employee at work, with an emphasis on finding the critical elements that influence this habit and its effects in organisational contexts. Material and Method: This research is based on secondary data. The qualitative research is done using articles which are published in academic journals of repute. The care is taken to refer only latest articles unless the article is seminal or of great importance. Results: The results indicate that procrastination significantly hampers work performance and engagement, driven by psychological factors like anxiety, environmental distractions, and organizational shortcomings such as unclear goals. Addressing these factors through engagement strategies, clear objectives, and economic incentives can reduce procrastination, leading to improved productivity and a more motivated workforce. Conclusion: Procrastination negatively impacts performance, work engagement, and productivity. Addressing it requires understanding psychological, environmental, and organizational factors. Enhancing work engagement and clear goals, reducing distractions, and providing economic incentives can mitigate procrastination. By focusing on these aspects, organizations can boost productivity and foster a more efficient, motivated workforce.
Pilot Ionosonde Network for Identification of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances
Authors: Reinisch Bodo , Galkin Ivan , Belehaki Anna , Paznukhov Vadym , Huang Xueqin , Altadill David , Buresova Dalia , Mielich Jens , Verhulst Tobias , Stankov Stanimir , Blanch Estefania , Kouba Daniel , Hamel Ryan , Kozlov Alexander , Tsagouri Ioanna , Mouzakis Angelos , Messerotti Mauro , Parkinson Murray , Ishii Mamoru
Published: February 2018

Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) are the ionospheric signatures of atmospheric gravity waves. Their identification and tracking is important because the TIDs affect all services that rely on predictable ionospheric radio wave propagation. Although various techniques have been proposed to measure TID characteristics, their real‐time implementation still has several difficulties. In this contribution, we present a new technique, based on the analysis of oblique Digisonde‐to‐Digisonde “skymap” observations, to directly identify TIDs and specify the TID wave parameters based on the measurement of angle of arrival, Doppler frequency, and time of flight of ionospherically reflected high‐frequency radio pulses. The technique has been implemented for the first time for the Network for TID Exploration project with data streaming from the network of European Digisonde DPS4D observatories. The performance is demonstrated during a period of moderate auroral activity, assessing its consistency with independent measurements such as data from auroral magnetometers and electron density perturbations from Digisondes and Global Navigation Satellite System stations. Given that the different types of measurements used for this assessment were not made at exactly the same time and location, and that there was insufficient coverage in the area between the atmospheric gravity wave sources and the measurement locations, we can only consider our interpretation as plausible and indicative for the reliability of the extracted TID characteristics. In the framework of the new TechTIDE project (European Commission H2020), a retrospective analysis of the Network for TID Exploration results in comparison with those extracted from Global Navigation Satellite System total electron content‐based methodologies is currently being attempted, and the results will be the objective of a follow‐up paper.
Snowmelt Timing as a Determinant of Lake Inflow Mixing
Authors: Roberts D. C. , Forrest A. L. , Sahoo G. B. , Hook S. J. , Schladow S. G.
Published: February 2018

Snowmelt is a significant source of carbon, nutrient, and sediment loads to many mountain lakes. The mixing conditions of snowmelt inflows, which are heavily dependent on the interplay between snowmelt and lake thermal regime, dictate the fate of these loads within lakes and their ultimate impact on lake ecosystems. We use five decades of data from Lake Tahoe, a 600 year residence‐time lake where snowmelt has little influence on lake temperature, to characterize the snowmelt mixing response to a range of climate conditions. Using stream discharge and lake profile data (1968–2017), we find that the proportion of annual snowmelt entering the lake prior to the onset of stratification increases as annual snowpack decreases, ranging from about 50% in heavy‐snow years to close to 90% in warm, dry years. Accordingly, in 8 recent years (2010–2017) where hourly inflow buoyancy and discharge could be quantified, we find that decreased snowpack similarly increases the proportion of annual snowmelt entering the lake at weak to positive buoyancy. These responses are due to the stronger effect of winter precipitation conditions on streamflow timing and temperature than on lake stratification, and point toward increased nearshore and near‐surface mixing of inflows in low‐snowpack years. The response of inflow mixing conditions to snowpack is apparent when isolating temperature effects on snowpack. Snowpack levels are decreasing due to warming temperatures during winter precipitation. Thus, our findings suggest that climate change may lead to increased deposition of inflow loads in the ecologically dynamic littoral zone of high‐residence time, snowmelt‐fed lakes.
Institutional experience with SRS VMAT planning for multiple cranial metastases
Authors: Ballangrud Åse , Kuo Li Cheng , Happersett Laura , Lim Seng Boh , Beal Kathryn , Yamada Yoshiya , Hunt Margie , Mechalakos James
Published: February 2018

Background and Purpose

This study summarizes the cranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) procedure at our institution.

Materials and Methods

Volumetric modulated arc therapy plans were generated for 40 patients with 188 lesions (range 2–8, median 5) in Eclipse and treated on a TrueBeam STx. Limitations of the custom beam model outside the central 2.5 mm leaves necessitated more than one isocenter pending the spatial distribution of lesions. Two to nine arcs were used per isocenter. Conformity index (CI), gradient index (GI) and target dose heterogeneity index (HI) were determined for each lesion. Dose to critical structures and treatment times are reported.

Results

Lesion size ranged 0.05–17.74 cm3 (median 0.77 cm3), and total tumor volume per case ranged 1.09–26.95 cm3 (median 7.11 cm3). For each lesion, HI ranged 1.2–1.5 (median 1.3), CI ranged 1.0–2.9 (median 1.2), and GI ranged 2.5–8.4 (median 4.4). By correlating GI to PTV volume a predicted GI = 4/PTV0.2 was determined and implemented in a script in Eclipse and used for plan evaluation. Brain volume receiving 7 Gy (V7 Gy) ranged 10–136 cm3 (median 42 cm3). Total treatment time ranged 24–138 min (median 61 min).

Conclusions

Volumetric modulated arc therapy provide plans with steep dose gradients around the targets and low dose to critical structures, and VMAT treatment is delivered in a shorter time than conventional methods using one isocenter per lesion. To further improve VMAT planning for multiple cranial metastases, better tools to shorten planning time are needed. The most significant improvement would come from better dose modeling in Eclipse, possibly by allowing for customizing the dynamic leaf gap (DLG) for a special SRS model and not limit to one DLG per energy per treatment machine and thereby remove the limitation on the Y‐jaw and allow planning with a single isocenter.