bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological effects of biochar and zeolite used for remediation of soil contaminated with toxic heavy metals
Authors: Głąb Tomasz , Gondek Krzysztof , Mierzwa–Hersztek Monika
Published: March 2021

Biochar and zeolite are widely used in the remediation of soil contaminated with toxic heavy metals. However, the interaction of these amendments and their effects on grass productivity have not been comprehensively summarized. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological effects of zeolite and biochar used as soil amendments in the process of remediating soil contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn. In a pot experiment, the following treatments were applied: zeolite, biochars produced at temperatures of 350 °C and 550 °C, mixtures of biochars and zeolite, and a control treatment without any amendments. The soil amendments were tested on two grass species: tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.). The root morphometric parameters and aboveground production were determined in 2017 and 2018.

Higher biomass production was observed in the tested grasses in the treatments with zeolite alone (0.229 kg DM m−2) or mixed with the biochars (0.239 kg DM m−2) than in control treatment (0.029 kg DM m−2). Zeolite used in contaminated soil significantly affected root biomass and root morphology parameters. Zeolite application resulted in significantly higher root biomass (2.30 mg cm−3) and root length (76.61 cm cm−3) than those in the treatments without zeolite (0.29 mg cm−3 and 6.90 cm cm−3). Biochar as a soil amendment did not affect most root morphometric parameters. The application of biochars only slightly reduced the root diameter of cocksfoot. The root diameter of tall fescue was similar in all treatments (0.075 mm) except the control (0.063 mm) and biochar 550 treatments (0.067 mm), in which slightly thinner roots were observed.
Octanoic acid a major component of widely consumed medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet is detrimental to bone
Authors: Jain Shreshta , Rai Reena , Singh Divya , Vohora Divya
Published: March 2021

Octanoic acid is a medium-chained saturated fatty acid found abundantly in the ketogenic dietary supplements containing medium chained triglycerides (MCT) along with decanoic acid. The MCT ketogenic diet is commonly consumed for weight loss but has also showcased neuroprotective potential against neurodegenerative disorders. However, recent clinical findings have reported a critical disadvantage with the long-term consumption of ketogenic diet i.e. bone loss. The following study was employed to investigate whether the two major components of MCT diet also possess bone loss potential as observed with classical ketogenic diet. Swiss albino mice aged between 10 and 12 weeks, were divided into 3 treatment groups that were administered with oral suspensions of octanoic acid, decanoic acid and a combination of both for 4 weeks. Bone specific markers, microarchitectural parameters, using micro computed tomography, and biomechanical strength were analyzed. Remarkably deleterious alterations in the trabecular bone microarchitecture, and on bone markers were observed in the octanoic acid treated groups. Our results suggest significant negative effects on bone health by octanoic acid. These findings require further investigation and validation in order to provide significant clinically relevant data to possibly modify dietary composition of the MCT ketogenic diet.
Publisher Correction: CT-based dentulous mandibular alveolar ridge measurements as predictors of crown-to-implant ratio for short and extra short dental implants
Authors: Sivolella Stefano , Meggiorin Silvia , Ferrarese Nadia , Lupi Amalia , Cavallin Francesco , Fiorino Antonino , Giraudo Chiara
Published: March 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Probing the relationship between late endogenous ERP components with fluid intelligence in healthy older adults
Authors: Teixeira-Santos Ana C. , Pinal Diego , Pereira Diana R. , Leite Jorge , Carvalho Sandra , Sampaio Adriana
Published: March 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Restoration of the healing microenvironment in diabetic wounds with matrix-binding IL-1 receptor antagonist
Authors: Tan Jean L. , Lash Blake , Karami Rezvan , Nayer Bhavana , Lu Yen-Zhen , Piotto Celeste , Julier Ziad , Martino Mikaël M.
Published: March 2021

Chronic wounds are a major clinical problem where wound closure is prevented by pathologic factors, including immune dysregulation. To design efficient immunotherapies, an understanding of the key molecular pathways by which immunity impairs wound healing is needed. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays a central role in regulating the immune response to tissue injury through IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1). Generating a knockout mouse model, we demonstrate that the IL-1–IL-1R1 axis delays wound closure in diabetic conditions. We used a protein engineering approach to deliver IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in a localised and sustained manner through binding extracellular matrix components. We demonstrate that matrix-binding IL-1Ra improves wound healing in diabetic mice by re-establishing a pro-healing microenvironment characterised by lower levels of pro-inflammatory cells, cytokines and senescent fibroblasts, and higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Engineered IL-1Ra has translational potential for chronic wounds and other inflammatory conditions where IL-1R1 signalling should be dampened.
Gelatinase-responsive release of an antibacterial photodynamic peptide against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Qiu Lin , Wang Cheng , Lei Xiaoling , Du Xuancheng , Guo Qianqian , Zhou Shuwen , Cui Pengfei , Hong Tingting , Jiang Pengju , Wang Jianhao , Li Yong-Qiang , Xia Jiang
Published: March 2021

GRAPN releases APP in response to the gelatinase secreted by S. aureus, and accelerates the healing of infected wounds.
Evaluation of Ar tagging toward the vibrational spectra and zero point energy of X−HOH, X−DOH, and X−HOD, for X = F, Cl, Br
Authors: Punyain Wikorn , Takahashi Kaito
Published: March 2021

Argon tagged vibrational spectra for monohydrated halide clusters were calculated.
Ruthenium complex immobilized on supported ionic-liquid-phase (SILP) for alkoxycarbonylation of olefins with CO2
Authors: Xia Shi-Ping , Ding Guang-Rong , Zhang Rui , Han Li-Jun , Xu Bao-Hua , Zhang Suo-Jiang
Published: March 2021

Novel [Ru]@SILP hybrids were synthesized by directly reacting Ru3(CO)12 with specific imidazolium chloride decorated porous silica gel. Impressively, the optimized [Ru]@SILP exhibited enhanced catalytic performance in the alkoxycarbonylation of olefins with CO2.
A lanthanide-based ratiometric fluorescent biosensor for the enzyme-free detection of organophosphorus pesticides
Authors: Wang Tianlin , Liu Yaqing
Published: March 2021

A terbium-based ratiometric fluorescent sensing system was developed for OPs detection with the merits of enzyme-free, simple operation, short-time and sensitive.
Iron-catalyzed stereoselective haloamidation of amide-tethered alkynes
Authors: Liu Jin-Biao , Ren Miaofeng , Lai Xiaojing , Qiu Guanyinsheng
Published: March 2021

In this work, by usingN-methoxybenzamides as efficient acyl nitrene precursors, an iron-catalyzed acyl nitrene/alkyne metalation-based chloramidation is reported for the synthesis of isoindol-5-ones.
Eutectic salt mixture-assisted sodium-vapor-induced synthesis of Pt–Ca nanoparticles, and their microstructural and electrocatalytic properties
Authors: Itahara Hiroshi , Takahashi Naoko , Kosaka Satoru , Takatani Yasuhiro , Inaba Masanori , Kamitaka Yuji
Published: March 2021

Intermetallic Pt2Ca nanoparticles supported on carbon with enhanced oxygen reduction reaction catalyst performance have been developed. Their synthetic strategies and microstructural, chemical and electrochemical properties were reported.
Single-scan measurements of nuclear spin singlet order decay rates
Authors: Melchiorre Giulia , Nelder Ciara , Brown Lynda J. , Dumez Jean-Nicolas , Pileio Giuseppe
Published: March 2021

The conventional pseudo-2D mode of measuring singlet order lifetimes is time consuming and incompatible with hyperpolarisation. We propose a single-scan method based on spatial encoding to overcome the issue.
Dealloyed RuNiOx as a robust electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction in acidic media
Authors: An Lu , Cai Xiyang , Shen Shuiyun , Yin Jiewei , Jiang Kun , Zhang Junliang
Published: March 2021

With surface MOx leaching, larger ECSA and strengthened hydroxyl adsorption will boost OER activity.
Self-supported wire-in-plate NiFeS/CoS nanohybrids with a hierarchical structure for efficient overall water splitting
Authors: Tang Jiaruo , Jiang Xiaoli , Tang Lin , Li Yao , Zheng Qiaoji , Huo Yu , Lin Dunmin
Published: March 2021

A self-supported hierarchical NiFeS/CoS nanosheet/nanowire is developed for water splitting in alkaline media. The catalyst delivers 50 and 150 mA cm−2 at ultralow overpotentials of 170 and 150 mV toward the OER and HER, respectively.
Visible light-activatable cyclodextrin-conjugates for the efficient delivery of nitric oxide with fluorescent reporter and their inclusion complexes with betaxolol
Authors: Seggio Mimimorena , Payamifar Sara , Fraix Aurore , Kalydi Eszter , Kasal Petr , Catanzano Ovidio , Conte Claudia , Quaglia Fabiana , Sortino Salvatore
Published: March 2021

Water-soluble β-CD conjugates release NO with high performances with blue and green light, liberate a fluorescent co-products useful for the real-time monitoring of the NO concentration and encapsulate additional guests within the hydrophobic cavity.
The fabrication composite material of bimetallic micro/nanostructured palladium–platinum alloy and graphene on nickel foam for the enhancement of electrocatalytic activity
Authors: Dong Xiuqi , Lu Shixiang , Xu Wenguo , Li Shuguang
Published: March 2021

A composite of micro/nanostructured palladium–platinum alloy, reduced graphene oxide and polydopamine on nickel foam was obtained by a chemical immersion method and anneal method with high catalytic efficiency for the ethanol oxidation.
Selective formation of spiroborate-based double-stranded hetero-helicates assisted by donor–acceptor interactions
Authors: Taura Daisuke , Wang Xiang , Ito Masaki , Yashima Eiji
Published: March 2021

A novel spiroborate-based double-stranded hetero-helicate is selectively formed through donor–acceptor interactions between the central electron-rich porphyrin and electron-deficient naphthalene diimide units.
A fluorescent sensor array-based electronic tongue for Chinese tea discrimination
Authors: Zhu Yanchao , Wang Jie , Wu Yusen , Shang Zhikun , Ding Yun , Hu Aiguo
Published: March 2021

A fluorescent sensor array-based electronic tongue consisting of 6 soluble conjugated polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) embedded in waterborne polyurethane was developed for 9 tea discrimination.
Nutrient regulation of the flow of genetic information by O-GlcNAcylation
Authors: Zhu Yi , Hart Gerald W.
Published: March 2021

O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification (PTM) that is actively added to and removed from thousands of intracellular proteins. As a PTM, O-GlcNAcylation tunes the functions of a protein in various ways, such as enzymatic activity, transcriptional activity, subcellular localization, intermolecular interactions, and degradation. Its regulatory roles often interplay with the phosphorylation of the same protein. Governed by ‘the Central Dogma’, the flow of genetic information is central to all cellular activities. Many proteins regulating this flow are O-GlcNAc modified, and their functions are tuned by the cycling sugar. Herein, we review the regulatory roles of O-GlcNAcylation on the epigenome, in DNA replication and repair, in transcription and in RNA processing, in protein translation and in protein turnover.
Effectiveness of Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials Scoring in Evaluating Brainstem Dysfunction and Disability Among Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Srinivasan Vignesh Sangu , Krishna Rajalakshmi , Munirathinam Bhoopathy Rangappan
Published: March 2021

Purpose

The brainstem dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) often causes significant functional impairment leading to disability. This study aims to explore modified brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) scores based on the pattern of BAEP abnormalities and relate with brainstem symptoms, brainstem functional system scores (BFSS), brainstem lesions, and disability.

Method

Forty-five participants with relapsing–remitting MS and 45 age- and gender-matched healthy controls underwent case history assessment, otoscopic examination, pure-tone audiometry, and BAEP testing. Also, neurological examination (Expanded Disability Status Scale, FSS scales) and magnetic resonance imaging were carried out on MS participants. Patterns of BAEP abnormalities were categorized and converted to BAEP scores.

Results

Out of 45 participants' brainstem symptoms, BFSS > 1, brainstem lesions (magnetic resonance imaging), and BAEP abnormalities were observed in 75.6%, 42.2%, 62.2%, and 55.56% of participants, respectively. Waves V and III abnormalities were more common among MS participants and showed a significant difference from the control group in the Mann–Whitney
U
test. Chi-square test did not show a significant association of BAEP abnormalities with brainstem symptoms and lesions but showed significant association with BFSS. The mean and standard deviation of BAEP scores in MS participants were 1.73 + 2.37. All healthy controls showed BAEP scores of 0. BAEP scores in MS participants showed significant correlation with BFSS scores and predict Expanded Disability Status Scale scores.

Conclusion

BAEP scores based on the pattern of BAEP abnormality can be a valid and useful measure in evaluating brainstem functions and predicting disability in MS.
Cultural and Linguistic Adaptations of Early Language Interventions: Recommendations for Advancing Research and Practice
Authors: Cycyk Lauren M. , De Anda Stephanie , Moore Heather , Huerta Lidia
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Speech-language pathologists are responsible for providing culturally and linguistically responsive early language intervention services for legal, ethical, and economic reasons. Yet, speech-language pathologists face challenges in meeting this directive when children are from racial, ethnic, or linguistic backgrounds that differ from their own. Guidance is needed to support adaptation of evidence-based interventions to account for children's home culture(s) and language(s). This review article (a) describes a systematic review of the adaptation processes applied in early language interventions delivered to culturally and linguistically diverse populations in the current literature and (b) offers a robust example of an adaptation of an early language intervention for families of Spanish-speaking Mexican immigrant origin.

Method

Thirty-three studies of early language interventions adapted for culturally and linguistically diverse children ages 6 years and younger were reviewed. Codes were applied to describe to what extent studies document the purpose of the adaptation, the adaptation process, the adapted components, and the evaluation of the adapted intervention.

Results

Most studies specified the purpose of adaptations to the intervention evaluation, content, or delivery, which typically addressed children's language(s) but not culture. Study authors provided limited information about who made the adaptations, how, and when. Few studies detailed translation processes or included pilot testing. Only one used a comprehensive framework to guide adaptation. A case study extensively documents the adaptation process of the Language and Play Every Day en español program.

Conclusions

Future early language intervention adaptations should focus on both linguistic and cultural factors and include detailed descriptions of intervention development, evaluation, and replication. The case study presented here may serve as an example. Increased access to such information can support research on early language interventions for diverse populations and, ultimately, responsive service provision.
Population Health Content Within Speech-Language Pathology Programs: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Domholdt Elizabeth , Billings Lina C.
Published: March 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this survey was to determine current and desired coverage of population health concepts within speech-language pathology programs.

Method

Thirty-five of 253 (13.8%) Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology program directors responded to an online survey.

Results

Respondents agreed that 21 of 23 population health domains should be included in the curriculum, with six of the domains having at least moderate coverage within current programs. The largest gaps between current and desired coverage were in global health issues, health policy process, organization of clinical and public health systems, and health promotion interventions.

Conclusion

Speech-language pathology faculty can use the results to inform their decisions about incorporating population health concepts into their programs.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14044058
Comparisons in Frequency Difference Limens Between Sequential and Simultaneous Listening Conditions in Normal-Hearing Listeners
Authors: Yoon Yang-Soo , Mills Ivy , Toliver BaileyAnn , Park Christine , Whitaker George , Drew Carrie
Published: March 2021

Purpose

We compared frequency difference limens (FDLs) in normal-hearing listeners under two listening conditions: sequential and simultaneous.

Method

Eighteen adult listeners participated in three experiments. FDL was measured using a method of limits for comparison frequency. In the sequential listening condition, the tones were presented with a half-second time interval in between, but for the simultaneous listening condition, the tones were presented simultaneously. For the first experiment, one of four reference tones (125, 250, 500, or 750 Hz), which was presented to the left ear, was paired with one of four starting comparison tones (250, 500, 750, or 1000 Hz), which was presented to the right ear. The second and third experiments had the same testing conditions as the first experiment except with two- and three-tone complexes, comparison tones. The subjects were asked if the tones sounded the same or different. When a subject chose “different,” the comparison frequency decreased by 10% of the frequency difference between the reference and comparison tones. FDLs were determined when the subjects chose “same” 3 times in a row.

Results

FDLs were significantly broader (worse) with simultaneous listening than with sequential listening for the two- and three-tone complex conditions but not for the single-tone condition. The FDLs were narrowest (best) with the three-tone complex under both listening conditions. FDLs broadened as the testing frequencies increased for the single tone and the two-tone complex. The FDLs were not broadened at frequencies > 250 Hz for the three-tone complex.

Conclusion

The results suggest that sequential and simultaneous frequency discriminations are mediated by different processes at different stages in the auditory pathway for complex tones, but not for pure tones.
Improved discrete cuckoo‐search algorithm for mixed no‐idle permutation flow shop scheduling with consideration of energy consumption
Authors: Zhong Lingchong , Li Wenfeng , Qian Bin , He Lijun
Published: March 2021

The increasing number and types of industrial tasks require factories to be more flexible in production. An improved discrete cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) is proposed and used to optimise the mixed no‐idle permutation flow shop scheduling problem (MNPFSP). This problem considers MNPFSP energy consumption (MNPFSP_EC) an optimisation objective. Firstly, according to the characteristics of the individual update formula in the two stages of the standard CSA, the paper replaces the real number calculation or vector calculation in the original update formula with a discrete operation to keep the update mechanism of each stage unchanged. The change allows the algorithm to directly find a feasible solution in the discrete solution space that significantly improves the global search capability of cuckoo search. Secondly, an adaptive‐starting local search based on quasi‐entropy (QE) is constructed using swap, insert and 2‐OPT operations with an exploitation that is adaptively executed based on QE, and QE is used to represent the diversity of population and control individuals in deciding whether to execute local search, thereby reducing computational complexity. Simulation experiments and comparisons of different instances demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively solve MNPFSP_EC.
RETRACTED: A flight control method for unmanned aerial vehicles based on vibration suppression
Authors: Wang Xinhua , Zhang Xiulin , Gong Huajun , Jiang Ju , Rai Hari Mohan
Published: March 2021

The development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) has gained importance in recent years for various applications like photography, inspection of infrastructure and various agricultural applications. Various researchers have carried out numerous attempts at optimisation control of UAVs and their flight range maximisation. However, a few attempts have addressed structural deformation effects on the reliability and safety of UAVs. In order to study the effect of structural deformation on the reliability and safety of UAVs under normal flight conditions, a certain type of UAV as a research object is discussed and the augmented tracking model based on the original object system by using the Lyapunov function is built up. The performance is observed in terms of rise time and overshoot and it is observed from the simulation outcomes that the system is stable at all design points in the range of 0–9000 m, providing a rise time of 10 s and zero overshoot. From this study, it is revealed that the designed controller can effectively suppress the vibration of the flexible mode while ensuring the stability and tracking performance of the UAV.
CHFS: Complex hesitant fuzzy sets‐their applications to decision making with different and innovative distance measures
Authors: Garg Harish , Mahmood Tahir , Rehman Ubaid ur , Ali Zeeshan
Published: March 2021

The objective of the authors is to establish an innovative concept of the complex hesitant fuzzy set (CHFS), which is the combination of the hesitant fuzzy set and the complex fuzzy set to manage complex and awkward information in the real‐decision theory. The structure and the basic properties of the proposed set are studied in detail. Based on the internal structure of the set and to find the degree of the discrimination between the pairs of the CHFSs, the generalized distance measures and modified generalized distance measures are defined. Several properties and their relationship between them are derived in detail. Also, several cases of the proposed measures are exposed which reduce them to the existing studies. Furthermore, based on these proposed measures, a decision‐making approach is established under the uncertain environment and several numerical examples are given to examine the feasibility and validity of the explored measures. Finally, the credibility of the modified and parameterized distance measures based on CHFSs is verified by comparing them with some existing measures.
A novel direct field‐oriented control strategy for fault‐tolerant control of induction machine drives based on EKF
Authors: Tabasian Rahemeh , Ghanbari Mahmood , Esmaeli Abdolreza , Jannati Mohammad
Published: March 2021

This article presents a novel Direct Field‐Oriented Control (DFOC) strategy for Fault‐Tolerant Control (FTC) of wye‐connected 3‐Phase Induction Machine (3‐PIM) drives under the stator winding open‐phase failure. In the proposed control strategy, instead of flux measurement, an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for flux estimation is used. The introduced controller with minor modifications can be used during normal and stator winding open‐phase failure conditions. With the proposed DFOC system, the speed and torque pulsations that normally happen during the open‐phase failure can be reduced. The performances of the proposed EKF‐based DFOC strategy and the conventional control strategy for a faulted machine using simulations and experiments under different operation conditions are compared. Simulation and experimental results demonstrated an important improvement in speed and torque pulsations through this type of fault. Results also confirmed the superiority of the proposed EKF‐based DFOC scheme over the conventional control scheme to balance the faulted machine phase currents.
Hybrid power plant bidding strategy for voltage stability improvement, electricity market profit maximization, and congestion management
Authors: Ghavidel Sahand , Rajabi Amin , Jabbari Ghadi Mojtaba , Azizivahed Ali , Li Li , Zhang Jiangfeng
Published: March 2021

This article models a hybrid power plant (HPP), including a compressed air energy storage (CAES) aggregator with a wind power aggregator (WPA) considering network constraints. Three objective functions are considered including electricity market profit maximization, congestion management, and voltage stability improvement. In order to accurately model the WPA, pitch control curtailment wind power levels are also added to the wind power generator models. To optimize all the mentioned objective functions, a multi‐objective Pareto front solution strategy is used. Finally, a fuzzy method is used to find the best compromise solution. The proposed approach is tested on a realistic case study based on an electricity market and wind farm located in Spain, and IEEE 57‐bus test system is used to evaluate the network constraint effects on the HPP scheduling for different objective functions.
Practical tables for tolerance assessment of adjustable speed drives under voltage sag
Authors: Wang Ying , Yang Hang , Yang Yixuan , Xiao Xianyong
Published: March 2021

The tolerance of adjustable speed drive (ASD) under voltage sag is important for users to select equipment and take mitigation methods. However, it is not easy for users to obtain the tolerance information of ASD. To address this issue, this paper proposes practical tables for tolerance assessment of ASD under voltage sag, providing a simpler and faster way for an approximate understanding of the tolerance of ASD. First, this paper proposes a calculation method for three trip characteristics to describe the tolerance of ASD. Second, this paper presents a voltage tolerance curve (VTC) assessment model based on the three trip characteristics, and the coordinate of the “knee point” of VTC can be assessed straightforwardly. Furthermore, the practical tables for tolerance assessment of ASD are formed based on the studies mentioned above. Users can obtain the tolerance of ASDs by looking up the table when they know several key parameters. Simulations tests verify the effectiveness of the calculation method and practical tables.
Extraction of negative hydrogen ions produced with aluminum plasma grid
Authors: Yoshida M. , Watano R. , Morinaga Y. , Kamikawa T. , Oohara W.
Published: March 2021

Negative hydrogen ions are produced and extracted using an aluminum plasma grid, without cesium through irradiation with hydrogen plasma. The negative ion amount increases sharply, up to ∼115 μA·cm−2, at a discharge power of 1 kW with an electric field downstream of the grid. These negative ions are extracted with high purity. In addition, it is suggested that negative ions are produced by positive hydrogen ions and hydrogen atoms. As high-density plasmas enhance the negative ion production, the current density of negative ions is expected to increase with plasma discharge power.
Lagrangian models of particle-laden flows with stochastic forcing: Monte Carlo, moment equations, and method of distributions analyses
Authors: Domínguez-Vázquez Daniel , Jacobs Gustaaf B. , Tartakovsky Daniel M.
Published: March 2021

Deterministic Eulerian–Lagrangian models represent the interaction between particles and carrier flow through the drag force. Its analytical descriptions are only feasible in special physical situations, such as the Stokes drag for low Reynolds number. For high particle Reynolds and Mach numbers, where the Stokes solution is not valid, the drag must be corrected by empirical, computational, or hybrid (data-driven) methods. This procedure introduces uncertainty in the resulting model predictions, which can be quantified by treating the drag as a random variable and by using data to verify the validity of the correction. For a given probability density function of the drag coefficient, we carry out systematic uncertainty quantification for an isothermal one-way coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian system with stochastic forcing. The first three moment equations are analyzed with a priori closure using Monte Carlo computations, showing that the stochastic solution is highly non-Gaussian. For a more complete description, the method of distributions is used to derive a deterministic partial differential equation for the evolution of the joint PDF of the particle phase and drag coefficient. This equation is solved via Chebyshev spectral collocation method, and the resulting numerical solution is compared with Monte Carlo computations. Our analysis highlights the importance of a proper approximation of the Dirac delta function, which represents deterministic (known with certainty) initial conditions. The robustness and accuracy of our PDF equation were tested on one-dimensional problems in which the Eulerian phase represents either a uniform flow or a stagnation flow.
Machine learning assisted network classification from symbolic time-series
Authors: Panday Atish , Lee Woo Seok , Dutta Subhasanket , Jalan Sarika
Published: March 2021

Machine learning techniques have been witnessing perpetual success in predicting and understanding behaviors of a diverse range of complex systems. By employing a deep learning method on limited time-series information of a handful of nodes from large-size complex systems, we label the underlying network structures assigned in different classes. We consider two popular models, namely, coupled Kuramoto oscillators and susceptible–infectious–susceptible to demonstrate our results. Importantly, we elucidate that even binary information of the time evolution behavior of a few coupled units (nodes) yields as accurate classification of the underlying network structure as achieved by the actual time-series data. The key of the entire process reckons on feeding the time-series information of the nodes when the system evolves in a partially synchronized state, i.e., neither completely incoherent nor completely synchronized. The two biggest advantages of our method over previous existing methods are its simplicity and the requirement of the time evolution of one largest degree node or a handful of the nodes to predict the classification of large-size networks with remarkable accuracy.
Resonance behaviors in periodic viscoelastic electrokinetic flows: A universal Deborah number
Authors: Ding Zhaodong , Jian Yongjun
Published: March 2021

The electrokinetic transports of viscoelastic fluids are investigated in different channel geometries. The fluid elasticity is responsible for the generation of resonance behaviors under periodic pressure gradient driving. We introduce a universal Deborah number defined by the surface-to-volume ratio of the channel, and thereby a critical value Dec = 1/4 can be applied to different channel geometries. Above this threshold, the resonances occur at particular frequencies and result in a dramatic increase in the amplitudes of the flow rate, streaming potential, and energy conversion efficiency. The locations of resonant peaks are determined by the ratio of the effective characteristic size of the channel to the wavelength of viscoelastic shear waves. Interestingly, in the annular geometry with small effective size, even order resonances are suppressed significantly relative to odd order resonances. For the maximum energy conversion efficiency in steady flows in different geometries, we find that the annular geometry is optimal, which has a 20% increase in the maximum efficiency compared to the cylindrical geometry.
Ultrasound differential phase contrast using backscattering and the memory effect
Authors: Weber Timothy D. , Khetan Nikunj , Yang Ruohui , Mertz Jerome
Published: March 2021

We describe a simple and fast technique to perform ultrasound differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging in arbitrarily thick scattering media. Although configured in a reflection geometry, DPC is based on transmission imaging and is a direct analog of optical differential interference contrast. DPC exploits the memory effect and works in combination with standard pulse-echo imaging, with no additional hardware or data requirements, enabling complementary phase contrast (in the transverse direction) without any need for intensive numerical computation. We experimentally demonstrate the principle of DPC using tissue phantoms with calibrated speed-of-sound inclusions.
Entanglement entropy of causal set de Sitter horizons
Authors: Surya Sumati , X Nomaan , Yazdi Yasaman K
Published: March 2021

de Sitter (dS) cosmological horizons are known to exhibit thermodynamic properties similar to black hole horizons. In this work we study causal set dS horizons, using Sorkin’s spacetime entanglement entropy (SSEE) formula, for a conformally coupled quantum scalar field. We calculate the causal set SSEE for the Rindler-like wedge of a symmetric slab of dS spacetime in d = 2, 4 spacetime dimensions using the Sorkin–Johnston vacuum state. We find that the SSEE obeys an area law when the spectrum of the Pauli–Jordan operator is appropriately truncated in both the dS slab as well as its restriction to the Rindler-like wedge. Without this truncation, the SSEE satisfies a volume law. This is in agreement with Sorkin and Yazdi’s calculations for the causal set SSEE for nested causal diamonds in

M

2

, where they showed that an area law is obtained only after truncating the Pauli–Jordan spectrum. In this work we explore different truncation schemes with the criterion that the SSEE so obtained obeys an area law.
Realizing high-performance color-tunable WOLED by adjusting the recombination zone and energy distribution in the emitting layer
Authors: Zhou Juan , Kou Zhiqi , Wang Lijun , Wang Baiqian , Chen Xiang , Sun Xu , Zheng Zixuan
Published: March 2021

Color-tunable white organic light-emitting diodes (CT-WOLEDs) having daylight chromaticity and a wide correlated color temperature (CCT) span can mimic our circadian cycle and realize application for lighting or decoration. The effects of the recombination zone and energy distribution on the electro-optical properties and color span are investigated in this paper. We find that it is beneficial to expand the CCT span by increasing the distance between the red ultrathin phosphorescent emissive layer and the center of the recombination zone. By increasing the concentration (y) of mCP in mixed host material in the emitting layer and the thickness (z nm) of the red ultrathin phosphorescent emissive layer, the CCT spans can be expanded towards high CCT and low CCT, respectively. The widest CCT span reaches 4032 K (2391–6423 K) in a simple all-phosphorescent CT-WOLED with a maximum luminance and power efficiency of 9249 cd m−2 and 15.35 lm W−1, respectively.
Optical investigation on pre-strike arc characteristics in medium-voltage load break switches
Authors: Dorraki Naghme , Niayesh Kaveh
Published: March 2021

Medium voltage load break switches (MV-LBS) should pass fault current while closing and be able to re-open for the next operation. Replacing SF6 as a high impact greenhouse insulating gas with air, makes the switch design more challenging because of the higher pre-strike arcing time and energy dissipation between contacts which leads to more contact surface erosion and an even higher possibility of welding. In this paper, a synthetic test circuit is used to emulate stresses applied to MV-LBS during the making of short-circuit currents. Since there are difficulties in accurate direct measurement of arc voltage because of the inherent response of the measurement system, an alternative method using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is proposed. OES measures the pre-strike arc temperature distribution profile close to the cathode surface at a test voltage of 18 kV and a making current of 17 kA. The arc electrical characterization is achieved using the obtained spectroscopy results, Lowke’s model and thermal air plasma transport properties. A maximum arc temperature of 12 500 K while the arc moves from the lower part of the cathode to the center, arc voltage of 30–58 V, and dissipated energy of 79–87 J are calculated for the pre-strike arc considering the impact of copper evaporated from the contact surfaces. Different arc behavior is observed in closing the contacts compared to free-burning arcs, which indicates gas flow blowing the arc caused by the contact movement. This investigation could be used for a better understanding of switching behavior and efficient control of the operation.
The case of equivalence of low and high energy constraints on Regge vector spectrum in AdS/QCD
Authors: Afonin S S , Solomko T D
Published: March 2021

The AdS/QCD models are believed to interpolate between low and high energy sectors of QCD. This belief is usually based on observations that many phenomenologically reasonable predictions follow from bounds imposed at high energies although the hypothetical range of applicability of semiclassical bottom-up holographic models is restricted by the gauge/gravity duality to low energies where QCD is strongly coupled. For testing the feasibility of high energy constraints it is interesting to calculate holographically some observable constants at low and high momenta independently and compare. We consider an AdS/QCD model describing the Regge-like linear spectrum of spin-1 mesons in a general form and show that under definite physical assumptions, the low-energy constraints on two-point correlation functions lead to nearly the same numerical values for the parameters of linear radial spectrum as the high energy ones. The found approximate coincidence looks surprising in view of the fact that such a property for observables is natural for conformal theories while real strong interactions are not conformal.
Ground-truth-free deep learning for artefacts reduction in 2D radial cardiac cine MRI using a synthetically generated dataset
Authors: Chen D , Schaeffter T , Kolbitsch C , Kofler A
Published: March 2021

In this work, we consider the task of image reconstruction in 2D radial cardiac cine MRI using deep learning (DL)-based regularization. As the regularization is achieved by employing an image-prior predicted by a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN), the quality of the image-prior is of essential importance. The achievable performance of any DL-based method is limited by the amount and the quality of the available training data. For fast dynamic processes, obtaining good-quality MR data is challenging because of technical and physiological reasons. In this work, we try to overcome these problems by a transfer-learning approach which is motivated by a previously presented DL-method (XT,YT U-Net). There, instead of training the network on the whole 2D dynamic images, it is trained on 2D spatio-temporal profiles (xt,yt-slices) which show the temporal changes of the imaged object. Therefore, for the training and test data, it is more important that their spatio-temporal profiles share similar local features rather than being images of the same anatomy. This allows us to equip arbitrary data with simulated motion that resembles the cardiac motion and use it as training data. By doing so, it is possible to train a CNN which is applicable to cardiac cine MR data without using ground-truth cine MR images for training. We demonstrate that combining XT,YT U-Net with the proposed transfer-learning strategy delivers comparable performance to CNNs trained on cardiac cine MR images and in some cases even qualitatively surpasses these. Additionally, the transfer-learning strategy was investigated for a 2D and 3D U-Net. The images processed by the the CNNs were used as image-priors in the CNN-regularized iterative reconstruction. The XT,YT U-Net yielded visibly better results than the 2D U-Net and slightly better results than the 3D U-Net when used in combination with the presented transfer learning-strategy.
Gyrokinetic investigation of Alfvén instabilities in the presence of turbulence
Authors: Biancalani A , Bottino A , Di Siena A , Gürcan Ö , Hayward-Schneider T , Jenko F , Lauber P , Mishchenko A , Morel P , Novikau I , Vannini F , Villard L , Zocco A
Published: March 2021

The nonlinear dynamics of beta-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (BAEs) driven by energetic particles (EPs) in the presence of ion-temperature-gradient turbulence is investigated, by means of selfconsistent global gyrokinetic simulations and analytical theory. A tokamak magnetic equilibrium with large aspect ratio and reversed shear is considered. A previous study of this configuration has shown that the electron species plays an important role in determining the nonlinear saturation level of a BAE in the absence of turbulence (Biancalani et al 2020 J. Plasma Phys.). Here, we extend the study to a turbulent plasma. The EPs are found modify the heat fluxes by introducing energy at the large spatial scales, mainly at the toroidal mode number of the dominant BAE and its harmonics. In this regime, BAEs are found to carry a strong electron heat flux. The feed-back of the global relaxation of the temperature profiles induced by the BAE, and on the turbulence dynamics, is also discussed.
Spin angular momentum of gravitational wave interference
Authors: Xin Shuo , Long Yang , Ren Jie
Published: March 2021

Spin angular momentum (SAM) is an important feature for wave systems, prominent in various properties like spin-momentum locking of wave propagations. Here, we study the SAM of gravitational waves in general relativity based on the Noether theorem in classical field theory. We demonstrate gravitational wave spin in various interference cases and evanescent waves, which is manifested as locally rotating metric perturbations, driving particles on geodesic spheroid locally deformed in elliptical trajectories. For non-polarized gravitational wave modes of zero SAM, their superpositions can induce nonzero density of SAM with interfered patterns. The evanescent gravitational wave shows clear SAM, which is also a consequence of wave interference between propagating and transverse evanescent components. The spin-momentum locking relations are clearly present for all different interference cases of wave modes and components based on general relativity.
Anomalous cell sorting behavior in mixed monolayers discloses hidden system complexities
Authors: Heine Paul , Lippoldt Jürgen , Reddy Gudur Ashrith , Katira Parag , Käs Josef A
Published: March 2021

In tissue development, wound healing and aberrant cancer progression cell–cell interactions drive mixing and segregation of cellular composites. However, the exact nature of these interactions is unsettled. Here we study the dynamics of packed, heterogeneous cellular systems using wound closure experiments. In contrast to previous cell sorting experiments, we find non-universal sorting behavior. For example, monolayer tissue composites with two distinct cell types that show low and high neighbor exchange rates (i.e., MCF-10A & MDA-MB-231) produce segregated domains of each cell type, contrary to conventional expectation that the construct should stay jammed in its initial configuration. On the other hand, tissue compounds where both cell types exhibit high neighbor exchange rates (i.e., MDA-MB-231 & MDA-MB-436) produce highly mixed arrangements despite their differences in intercellular adhesion strength. The anomalies allude to a complex multi-parameter space underlying these sorting dynamics, which remains elusive in simpler systems and theories merely focusing on bulk properties. Using cell tracking data, velocity profiles, neighborhood volatility, and computational modeling, we classify asymmetric interfacial dynamics. We indicate certain understudied facets, such as the effects of cell death & division, mechanical hindrance, active nematic behavior, and laminar & turbulent flow as their potential drivers. Our findings suggest that further analysis and an update of theoretical models, to capture the diverse range of active boundary dynamics which potentially influence self-organization, is warranted.
Loops and polarization in strong-field QED
Authors: Torgrimsson Greger
Published: March 2021

In a previous paper we showed how higher-order strong-field-QED processes in long laser pulses can be approximated by multiplying sequences of ‘strong-field Mueller matrices’. We obtained expressions that are valid for arbitrary field shape and polarization. In this paper we derive practical approximations of these Mueller matrices in the locally-constant- and the locally-monochromatic-field regimes. The spin and polarization can also change due to loop contributions (the mass operator for electrons and the polarization operator for photons). We derive Mueller matrices for these as well, for arbitrary laser polarization and arbitrarily polarized initial and final particles.
Comparative study of ferromagnetic hybrid (manganese zinc ferrite, nickle zinc ferrite) nanofluids with velocity slip and convective conditions
Authors: Zhao Tie-Hong , Khan M Ijaz , Qayyum Sumaira , Naveen Kumar R , Chu Yu-Ming , Prasannakumara B C
Published: March 2021

The current article explores the effect of viscous dissipation on the hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet. Further, different nanoparticles can be used to enhance the thermal conductivity of the fluid. The resultant suspension is examined with the effect of velocity slip. The velocity slip effect is incorporated in the boundary condition of the momentum equation. Heat transfer analysis is done in presence of convective conditions and thermal radiation. Comparative study of different hybrid nanofluids and nanofluid is considered. Here we have chosen manganese Zinc ferrite MnZnFe2O4 and Nickle Zinc ferrite NiZnFe2O4 as nanoparticles in base fluids Kerosene oil and engine oil. Mathematical modeling of the present flow system is illustrated and solved by the shooting built-in method. Graphs for velocity, temperature, skin friction and Nusselt number are presented for different parameters. Here we noticed that velocity profile of

MnZnF

e

2

O

4

−
NiZnF

e

2

O

4

−

C

1
0

H

2
2

−

C

8

H

18

is maximum as compared to other hybrid nanofluids. Velocity and temperature have opposite effects against slip parameter. The temperature of the fluid rises with Biot number and thermal radiation.
Cross-correlations as a diagnostic tool for primordial gravitational waves
Authors: Malhotra Ameek , Dimastrogiovanni Ema , Fasiello Matteo , Shiraishi Maresuke
Published: March 2021

We explore and corroborate, by working out explicit
examples, the effectiveness of cross-correlating stochastic
gravitational wave background anisotropies with CMB temperature
fluctuations as a way to establish the primordial nature of a given
gravitational wave signal. We consider the case of gravitational
wave anisotropies induced by scalar-tensor-tensor primordial
non-Gaussianity. Our analysis spans anisotropies exhibiting
different angular behaviours, including a quadrupolar dependence. We
calculate the expected uncertainty on the non-linearity parameter
FNL obtained as a result of cross-correlation measurements
for several proposed experiments such as the ground-based Einstein
Telescope, Cosmic Explorer, and the space-based Big-Bang
Observer. As a benchmark for future survey planning, we also
calculate the theoretical, cosmic-variance-limited, error on the
non-linearity parameter.