bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo, Collapse Cone ve Pencil Beam Algoritmalarının Homojen ve İnhomojen Fantomda Açık Alan Ölçümleri
Authors: DURMUŞ İsmail Faruk , ATALAY Emine Dilara
Published: December 2019

Radyoterapide doz
dağılımının doğru hesaplanması için küçük alan ölçümleri ve hesaplama
algoritmalarının doğruluğu kritik öneme sahiptir. İnhomojen ortamlarda küçük
alan dozimetrisindeki belirsizlikler ve zorluklar daha da artmaktadır. Bu
çalışmada inhomojen ve homojen fantomlarda 6MV, 6MV-FFF, 10MV ve 10MV-FFF
enerjileri ile 1x1, 2x2, 3x3, 4x4, 5x5cm2 alan boyutlarında CC04 ve
CC01 Razor iyon odaları ile ölçümler alındı. Ölçümler ile Monaco tedavi
planlama sisteminde Monte Carlo-Dose to Medium (MC-Dm), Monte Carlo-Dose to
Water (MC-Dw), Collapse Cone (CC) ve Pencil Beam (PB) algoritmaları ile yapılan
hesaplamalar karşılaştırıldı. Homojen fantom su eşdeğeri RW3 katı
fantomlardan,  inhomojen fantom ise su
eşdeğeri RW3 katı fantom ve akciğer eşdeğeri balsa fantom kullanılarak
oluşturuldu. CC04 ve CC01 Razor iyon odaları ile hem homojen hem de inhomojen
fantomda ölçümler değerlendirildiğinde, MC-Dm, MC-Dw, CC ve PB ile uyumlu
sonuçlar elde edildi. Her iki fantomda da en büyük farklar 1x1cm2
alanlarda olduğu görüldü. İnhomojen fantomdaki sonuçlar homojen fantomdaki
sonuçlarla karşılaştırıldığında uyum oranının homojen fantomda daha iyi olduğu
görüldü. CC01 Razor iyon odası 0.01cm3 hacme sahip ve merkezi
elektrodu grafittir. Bu özellikleri ile CC01 Razor iyon odası ile yeterince
güvenilir sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Alan boyutu küçüldükçe ölçümler ve
hesaplamalar arasındaki farklar artmaktadır.
Ambalaj Atıklarının Çevresel Etkilerinin Yaşam Döngüsü Analizi İle Belirlenmesi: Mühendislik Fakültesi Örneği
Authors: GÜNERALP Serpil , ERSES YAY Aliye Suna
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmanın ana amacı üniversite kampüslerinde oluşan
ambalaj atıklarının yaşam döngüsü analizi ile çevresel etkilerinin belirlenmesidir.
2017 yılında Sakarya Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesinde toplanan ambalaj
atıkları çalışmanın fonksiyonel birimi olarak seçilmiş olup, bu kapsamda
öncelikle mühendislik fakültesinde oluşan ambalaj atığı çeşitleri ve miktarları
belirlenmiştir. Yaşam döngüsü analizi için Simapro 8.4 programı ve CML-IA etki
kategorisi kullanılmıştır. Bu yöntemin etki grupları abiyotik tükenme, abiyotik
tükenme (fosil yakıtlar), küresel ısınma, ozon tabakası tahribatı, insan
toksisitesi, tatlı su ekotoksisitesi, deniz ekotoksisitesi, karasal
ekotoksisite, fotokimyasal oksidasyon, asidifikasyon ve ötrofikasyondur. Sistem
sınırları karışık ambalaj atıklarının toplanması, taşınması, atık ayırma ve
geri dönüşüm tesisinde ayrılması, kâğıt-kartonun preslenip, metal ve camın
preslenmeden geri dönüşüm firmalarına satılması, plastik atıkların kırılıp,
granül haline getirildikten sonra plastik üreticilerine satılması, geri kalan
artıkların ve geri dönüştürülemeyen malzemelerin yakma tesisinde bertarafını
içermektedir. Bu çalışmada ambalaj atığı yönetimi için 2 alternatif senaryo
uygulanmış olup, ilk senaryoda ambalaj atıkları geri dönüştürülürken, 2.
senaryoda düzenli depolamaya bertaraf için gönderilmiştir. Sonuçlara
baktığımızda, ambalaj atıklarının geri dönüşümü çevresel etkileri azaltırken,
depolanması deniz ekotoksisitesi, insan toksisitesi, tatlı su ekotoksisitesi ve
fosil yakıtların abiyotik tüketiminde olumsuz etkiler göstermiştir.
Fabrication of Nickel Coating on a Stainless Steel Mesh for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Naime , YAVUZ Abdulcabbar , YİLMAZ ERDOGAN Perihan , ZENGİN Huseyin
Published: December 2019

A stainless steel mesh current collector was coated by one-step electrochemical method for supercapacitor applications. As stainless steel mesh has a high surface area, accessibility of ions may be achieved easier than bulk stainless steel. Thin nickel films were synthesized in an aqueous solution electrolyte medium by a three-electrodes electrochemical configuration system under room temperature conditions by applying the potential of -1.5 V for 150, 300 and 600 seconds. The electrochemical capacitive characterization of the prepared nickel films was investigated in 1 M KOH electrolyte solution. The surface morphology of the prepared electrodes was examined. Microstructures of nickel coatings obtained on stainless steel wire surface were similar to tree peels. Therefore, electrodes with high surface area were obtained in the electrodeposition of nickel from pyrophosphate medium. The ion and electron transfer rates between the nickel-coated stainless steel mesh and the alkaline electrolyte were increased. Nickel coated steel mesh having a redox reaction at positive potential between +0.2 V and +0.6 V could be used as cathode electrodes. The nickel/stainless steel mesh electrode has a specific capacity of 1090 F g-1 at the scan rate of 5 mV s-1. As the electroactivity of stainless steel in KOH electrolyte was increased with nickel film, nickel-based coatings on stainless steel mesh surface in aqueous solution can be used as cathode electrodes in supercapacitor applications.
MovieANN: A Hybrid Approach to Movie Recommender Systems Using Multi Layer Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: YÜCEBAŞ Sait Can
Published: December 2019

The amount of data in World Wide Web is growing exponentially. Users are
often lost in this vast ocean of data. In order to filter the valuable
information from vast amount of data, recommendation systems are used. These
systems are based on collaborative filtering, content based filtering and
hybrid approaches. We combined collaborative and content-based filtering to
build a hybrid movie recommendation system, MovieANN, based on neural network
model. To make better recommendations in a collaborative approach, both user
and movie clusters are formed. In addition to rating information, content
information was also considered in the formation of the clusters. Clusters are
formed according to K-Means and X-Means algorithms. Final clusters are chosen
according to Davies-Bouldin Index and intra cluster distance. Homogeneity and
density of the clusters are also considered. Movie and user clusters are mapped
in the recommendation phase. The model is tested on a MoiveLens 1M dataset that
consists of six thousand users, four thousand movies and one million ratings.
Four clusters are formed to represent movie – user mappings and for each
cluster, a recommendation model based on multi-layer neural network is
constructed. The recommendation performance in terms of accuracy is 84.52%,
84.54% in terms of precision and 99.98% in terms of recall.
Small Businesses in Cultural Tourism in a Central European Country
Authors: Mura Ladislav , Kajzar Patrik
Published: December 2019

The aim of this article is to test the hypotheses whether the selected cultural and historical monuments and cultural events are an inspiration for tourists to visit. Our main objective is to determine whether a statistical relationship can be detected between the number of selected monuments and cultural events in Czech Republic and the number of its visitors. All analyzed data on this cultural destination was obtained from the statistics of NIPOS (The National Information and Consulting Centre for Culture between 2008 – 2017). Historical monuments that charge admission fees were statistically analyzed. SPSS will be used to calculate the correlation coefficient. Based on the results of H1 verification, there is no statistically significant difference between the number of monuments accessible to visitors for a fee and the average number of visitors per single historical monument. According to H2 verification, there is no statistically significant difference between the number of cultural events in historical monuments and the number. of visitors attending these cultural events. Cultural monuments and cultural events are one of the alternative motivations to attract tourists to the cities. If there is no improvement in tourism infrastructure, it will be very difficult to attract visitors.
Perception of the Selected Business Environment Aspects by Service Firms
Authors: Ajaz Khan Khurram , Çera Gentjan , Netek Vaclav
Published: December 2019

The business environment is a profound concern for the state and institutions to make it encouraging to boost entrepreneurship. Given such relevance of the business environment, this paper aims to link selected business environment aspects to business sector. The study identified the perceived differences between sectors in the Czech and Slovak Republics and then a comparison of a similar group of firms. To shape the study, survey-based research planned and conducted in two segments of firm’s (service and non-service), covered 641 enterprises. The current research adopted factor analysis and then t-test and Mann-Whitney test to determine the results. The major findings of the study reveal that the Slovak firms in the service sector scored higher in macroeconomic environment, consumers’ consumption and competition factors and lower in access to finance factor, as compared to their non-service counterparts. However, another key finding indicates that the Czech entrepreneurs’ perception did not statistically differ in any selected aspects of business environment between the firms operating in service and non-service sectors. In all the cases business support was found insignificant. This paper adds to the existing literature in entrepreneurship by offering a better understanding of the linkage between business sector and business environment aspects.
The Importance of Discount Rate and Trustfulness of A Local Currency for the Development of Local Tourism
Authors: Civelek Mehmet , Ključnikov Aleksandr , Krajčík Vladimír , Žufan Ján
Published: December 2019

Local currencies have been used to achieve local economic, social and environmental goals that are not attained by national currencies. Thus, they can also be applied as a mean of the regional development focused on the development of the local tourism. However, trustworthiness and costs of local currencies have been some of the main impediments in their widely usage. Therefore, discount rates that practitioners (including municipal authorities and governments) of local currencies present for potential users might play a key role to deal with these issues. Within this context, this research intends to assess the relationship between discount rates that potential users demand to use local currencies (a paper-based and a digital) and their trust to these currencies. To hit this target, a questionnaire survey was directed to 407 employees of a regional business in Cieszyn Silesia region and the responses were analyzed by binary logistic regression test in SPSS Statistical Software. The results confirm that potential users with more trust to local currencies have more tendencies to demand higher discount rates. Cultural values, occupational status, age, income levels of respondents and potential roles of governments and local authorities in local currency implementations might be the reasons of these findings.
Community Empowerment and their Support for Tourism Development: an Inquiry based on Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale
Authors: Ranasinghe Ruwan , Pradeepamali Jayathree
Published: December 2019

Sustaining residents’ support is critical for successful destinations. Though empowerment is decisive in attitude, quantitative researches show a dearth. This study uses resident empowerment through tourism scale to model empowerment’s role in sustaining residents support for tourism in the light of Social Exchange Theory (SET) and Weber’s theory of Formal and Substantive Rationality (WFSR) , aiming at identifying the impacts of residence community empowerment as a pivot in advocating residents’ support for tourism development.  Kalpitiya, a fast developing tourist destination in the Island was found a fertile ground to test the proposed model. A random sample of 619 was used to collect primary data through a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Model approach in SmartPLS3. Findings show that residents are influenced by personal economic benefits and pride, self-esteem heightened by psychological empowerment. Political empowerment influenced on positive impacts leading to residents’ support for tourism development. The paper argues that SET merely insufficient to explain residents’ behavior towards tourism while WFSR appears as a broader approach. Tourism practitioners need the attention towards non-economic considerations such as values, believes and morals in advocating residents’ support for tourism since economic gains can’t assure it alone.
Escala para medir la adicción de estudiantes a las redes sociales
Authors: Cabero-Almenara Julio , Pérez-Díez de los Ríos José Luis , Valencia-Ortiz Rubicelia
Published: December 2019

El uso de las redes sociales online (RSO) está originando una línea de investigación centrada en el fenómeno de adicción que se produce por utilizar de forma intensa las tecnologías e Internet, especialmente en grupos poblacionales tan vulnerables como los jóvenes y adolescentes. Esto ha repercutido en la búsqueda de instrumentos para su diagnóstico, terreno donde han ganado espacio las escalas de autopercepción. Esta investigación se planteó validar y adaptar al contexto mexicano la escala de adicción a las redes sociales elaborada por Sahin (2018). El instrumento resultante constituye una herramienta útil, dada la inexistencia de una de su tipo en la literatura académica mexicana, para recoger información del grado de adicción a RSO en jóvenes y adolescentes.
Karakterisasi Morfologidan Uji Daya Hasil 15 Genotipe Caisin (Brassica rapa L.Cv. Grup Caisin)
Authors: Muhammad Aulia Rizqi , Efendi Darda , Gunawan Endang
Published: December 2019

Characterization is the first stage in plant breeding that aims to reveal the morphological character and selection of the genotypes that adapt to low-altitude of area. To fulfill caisin consumption demands in Indonesia, extensification was needed from high altitude grounds which is the natural habitat of caisin to low-altitude. Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) is used and genotype as a single factor. 15 genotypes were used from collection of PKHT BRP 004, BRP 002, BRP 009, BRP 022, BRP 007, BRP 020, BRP 010, BRP 012, BRP 021, and those given the induction of mutations in BRP 004 R, BRP 002 R, BRP 009 R, BRP 003 R, and BRP 019 R. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance then Tukey test as the advanced test. BRP 010 genotype has the heaviest total harvest mass and harvest mass without the root, yet BRP 009 R genotype has the highest harvest index score which means it has the highest percentage of edible part. BRP 002 R, BRP 009 R, and BRP 019 R, are genotypes from the irradiation process that has color diversity. The result of analysis of variance showed that from 11 quantitative characters from 15 caisin genotypes, 3 characters was found not showing a true statistical difference, there are quantity of leaf, leaf width, and height ratio (NLP), and stalk width. BRP 022 Genotypes has the narrowest and the shortest leaf, the shortest leaf stalk, and the narrowest leaf diameter. BRP 002 has the highest plant height and Sri Tanjung genotype has the shortest plant height. BRP 010, BRP 004 R, BRP 002 R, BRP 019 R and BRP 009 R genotypes have potential to submitted for new varieties candidate that adaptive to low-altitude ground.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Berbasis Media Virtual Program Java Pada Guru Fisika Dan Siswa SMA
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati , Doyan Aris , Harjono Ahmad , Kosim Kosim
Published: December 2019

Abstrak: Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman guru dan siswa tentang pembelajaran inkuiri berbasis media virtual program java pada mata pelajaran fisika. Adapun materi fisika yang disampaikan dalam pengabdian ini terdiri dari gerak benda, percepatan benda dan hukum Newton, serta gerak jatuh bebas. Secara umum kegiatan pelatihan ini berhasil  dan terlaksana dengan baik, karena guru-guru fisika yang menjadi peserta merasa mendapatkan bekal cara-cara menyampaikan materi fisika menggunakan model inkuiri berbasis media virtual program java dan termotivasi untuk menerapkannya dalam pembelajaran di kelas. Selain itu, di akhir pertemuan mereka menginginkan kegiatan ini berkelanjutan untuk penguatan konsep fisika bagi guru SMA. Kata Kunci:Pembelajaran Inkuiri; Media Virtual Program Java
Os limites da proteção jurídica e seus pontos de vulnerabilidade diante das novas formas de trabalho
Authors: Lixieski Sell Cleiton
Published: December 2019

El objetivo es abordar el derecho del trabajo en la sociedad en red. Ante este hilo conductor, las interferencias son sensiblemente sentidas en el ámbito laboral de los nuevos conceptos de trabajo, así como en la organización del trabajo que ha pasado en estos últimos años por transformaciones considerables. Para alcanzar los objetivos propuestos, se utilizó el método de abordaje deductivo, teniendo como teoría de base el materialismo histórico, y el método de abordaje el histórico, que es sintetizado por el método de investigación de un análisis bibliográfico, utilizando como técnica, la construcción de autores que discuten el tema. Se realizó una radiografía histórica del trabajador, contemplando una evolución de los conceptos de trabajo ante las normas jurídicas que acompañaron esos cambios en la vida del trabajador. Se identificó una precarización jurídica tanto del lado del trabajador como del empleado, una vez que, están relacionados el derecho a libertad, privacidad y la intimidad, que pasó a ser fundamental en esa relación.
Politics, technology, and accountability: The Transparency Façade of Open Government Data Reforms in Paraguay
Authors: Riveros García David
Published: December 2019

Governments have adopted the rhetoric of promoting transparency, citizen engagement, and accountability through technological innovation. The provision of open government data has been encouraged as a foundational reform in that direction. This study argues that, in Paraguay’s education sector, these reforms were never capable of matching said rhetoric. Using a case study design, the research shows that the stated goals of intuitively simplifying information to facilitate citizen monitoring of funds for education infrastructure were never realistically attempted by the government. It will advocate the relevance of considering the relationship between politics, accountability, and technology to uncover transparency façades.
Open Governance as a Tool for Strengthening the System of e-Democracy in Georgia
Authors: Nikvashvili Tatia
Published: December 2019

Democracy is rule by people, but not every individual is directly involved in governance. Therefore, open governance must be a minimum standard for democracy. The Open Government Partnership supports the practical implementation of open government. Georgia became member in 2011, and implemented numerous reforms to strengthen good governance. This paper will analyze the achievements, key challenges, and the quality of participation, of Georgian national action plans. This will strengthen the practical assessment of open governance in the development process. This paper will examine action plans, monitoring reports, the OGP flagship database, and other sources. Furthermore, readers can find possible answers to the pertinent question of what are the innovative approaches that strengthen the role of citizens in Georgia.
The Codes of Ethics in the Public Sector and the Incorporation of Values that Promote Open Government
Authors: Calderón Magdalena , Araya Rafael
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study is to analyze the Codes of Ethics in force in public entities in Chile in the light of the open government principles: transparency, participation and accountability. In order to do so, a sample of formally approved codes of ethics in public entities of the central government of Chile and published on the website www.serviciocivil.gob.cl was analyzed using a qualitative methodological design. Through a content analysis applied to a selection of the Institutional Codes of Ethics studied, it is possible to point out that in general the principles of open government are not directly or clearly integrated into the codes. A relevant result refers to the use of these codes as an instrument for human resource management, especially in relation to specific problems faced by agencies. Finally, limitations and projections are discussed.
Optimization of the thermal circuit by introduction of the steam screw-rotor machine
Authors: Rotach R. R. , Vankov Yu. V. , Ziganshin Sh. G. , Izmaylova I. V.
Published: December 2019

The aim of the work is to increase the efficiency of the CHP by introducing a steam screw-rotor machine (SSRM) into the thermal circuit. It is proposed to exclude the passage of steam from the selection of the turbine through the pressure reduction and desuperheating station (PRDS) of own needs. Superheated steam is diverted to be sent to a steam screw-rotor machine installed parallel to the PRDS. This technical solution will allow to obtain steam used in low pressure deaerators, as well as electricity for own needs of the CHP. The article presents the operating parameters, as well as the calculation results of the backpressure turbine. A feasibility study was carried out for the introduction of SSRM into the plant’s thermal circuit: the equivalent fuel and electricity savings for own needs were calculated, as well as the payback period of the project for introducing a steam screw-rotor machine. In the course of the calculations, the following results were obtained: a decrease in the specific consumption of equivalent fuel for the production of 1 kWh of electricity – by 1,9 g; saving of equivalent fuel during the implementation of the SSRM will be 13 tons per year, which also entails a reduction in emissions into the environment; Electricity production for own needs is 8100 kWh, the payback period for the project to introduce a steam screw machine in the thermal circuit of a thermal power plant is 5 years.
Kostroma cattle breed in the new century: the state and the prospects (review)
Authors: Baranov A. V. , Paramonova N. Yu. , Baranova N. S. , Guseva N. Yu. , Korolev A. A. , Kazakov D. S.
Published: December 2019

The article reflects the current state and the prospects of the Kostroma cattle breed development. The creation and improvement of the breed anticipated the formation and further breed development in the domestic and world zoo technical science. In recent years, the number of Kostroma cattle breed has been unreasonably reducing despite its economic valuable traits. At the same time in the Kostroma region there are prospects for preserving the valuable gene pool of one of the best domestic dairy and meat cattle breeds. As a result of directed selection and breeding work with the use of Brown Swiss bulls, a stud milk breed "Karavaevsky KK-1" has been developed. At present cow-champions of the Kostroma breed give up to 12,000 kg of milk per lactation. The milk of the Kostroma breed cows has a high content of protein and fat. The animals of Kostroma breed have good meat qualities, high resistance to a number of diseases, strong ungulate horn, easy adaptability to intensive technologies, good fertility and high productive longevity. To save the Kostroma breed it is important to put on 8-10 bulls of 8 planned lines and related groups for the validation and accumulation of sperm every year. The restoration of previously created lines with high genetic potential should be foreseen. It is necessary to identify and actively use the stud bulls bred in their own breeding farms; to conduct a linear assessment of bulls and daughter heifers by body type for more competent selection. In addition to the generally accepted forms and methods of selection, it is necessary to continue immunogenetic control of the authenticity of the origin of breeding animals and introduce modern methods of DNA technology to assess the breeding and productive qualities of cattle, which will reveal valuable genetic complexes in the best breeding animals and thus 1.5-2 times accelerate the selection processes.

Conflict of interest: the authors stated that there was no conflict of interest.
Parameters of adaptability and stability of winter durum wheat varieties according to various forecrops in the Rostov region
Authors: Alabushev A. V. , Makarova T. S. , Samofalova N. E. , Ilichkina N. P. , Dubinina O. A.
Published: December 2019

The article summarizes the study results of adaptability parameters of winter durum wheat depending on its forecrop. The study was carried out in the Rostov region in 2015-2017. As the objects of the study there have been used 8 winter durum wheat varieties ‘Donchanka’, ‘Amazonka’, ‘Agat Donskoy’, ‘Kristella’, ‘Lazurit’, ‘Oniks’, ‘Diona’ and ‘Eyrena’. The variety ‘Donchanka’ was taken as a standard variety. In the field trials the varieties were sown after weedfree and green fallows, and after such forecrops as peas, sunflower and maize for grain. The obtained data showed that green fallow was the most favorable forecrop for winter durum wheat, an average yield of which was 7.69 t/ha. When sown after various forecrops, all varieties had different adaptability parameters. The best forecrops were weedfree fallow (‘Kristella’ with 7.78 t/ha, ‘Lazurite’ with 7.74 t/ha), green fallow (‘Agat Donskoy’ with 8.30 t/ha, ‘Lazurit’ with 8.46 t/ha) and peas (‘Oniks’ with 7.41 t/ha, ‘Diona’ with 8.11 t/ha). Among the whole set of the varieties, the variety ‘Agat Donskoy’ (bi>1) proved to be the most highly responsive, while maintaining in most cases high stable yields (si2 <1), productivity of the varieties sown after all forecrops, except sunflower, was 6.93-8.30 t/ha. With productivity increase of 1 t/ha, it improved its indicator (bi) by 1.16-5.15 t/ha. The variety ‘Eyrena’ is recommended for cultivation on an extensive background, since through the years of study it turned out to be the least responsive - with productivity increase by 1 t/ha, it improved its indicator (bi) by 0.01-0.55 t/ha after such forecrops as peas, sunflower and maize for silage.
Power to the People: Power, Negative Results and Sample Size
Authors: Gaskill Brianna N , Garner Joseph P
Published: December 2019

The practical application of statistical power is becoming an increasingly important part of experimental design, data analysis, and reporting. Power is essential to estimating sample size as part of planning studies and obtaining ethical approval for them. Furthermore, power is essential
for publishing and interpreting negative results. In this manuscript, we review what power is, how it can be calculated, and reporting recommendations if a null result is found. Power can be thought of as reflecting the signal to noise ratio of an experiment. The conventional wisdom that statistical
power is driven by sample size (which increases the signal in the data), while true, is a misleading oversimplification. Relatively little discussion covers the use of experimental designs which control and reduce noise. Even small improvements in experimental design can achieve high power
at much lower sample sizes than (for instance) a simple t test. Failure to report experimental design or the proposed statistical test on animal care and use protocols creates a dilemma for IACUCs, because it is unknown whether sample size has been correctly calculated. Traditional
power calculations, which are primarily provided for animal number justifications, are only available for simple, yet low powered, experimental designs, such as paired t tests. Thus, in most controlled experimental studies, the only analyses for which power can be calculated are those
that inheriently have low statistical power; these analyses should not be used because they require more animals than necessary. We provide suggestions for more powerful experimental designs (such as randomized block and factorial designs) that increase power, and we describe methods to easily
calculate sample size for these designs that are suitable for IACUC number justifications. Finally we also provide recommendations for reporting negative results, so that readers and reviewers can determine whether an experiment had sufficient power. The use of more sophisticated designs in
animal experiments will inevitably improve power, reproducibility, and reduce animal use.
Effects of Long-term Anesthesia, Blood Sampling, Transportation, and Infection Status on Hearts and Brains in Pigs Inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus and Used for Imaging Studies
Authors: Alstrup Aage KO , Afzelius Pia MT , Jensen Svend B , Leifsson Páll S , wegener Karen M , Nielsen Ole L
Published: December 2019

Laboratory animals are widely used in imaging studies, including infection, heart, and brain research. Compared with rodents, pigs are especially useful because of their large organ sizes, ability to tolerate long-term anesthesia, and substantial blood volume, which allows repeated
blood sampling. These factors are particularly important in positron emission tomography studies of potential new radioactive tracers, because the scans often are prolonged; in addition, kinetic studies involving repeated blood sampling may be performed to establish the optimal scan time.
However, protracted studies may affect the cardiovascular system, brain, and other organs. This raises the question of how to monitor and counteract the effects of longterm anesthesia in pigs in a typical experimental setting yet prevent introducing bias into the experiment. To address this
question, we investigated the effects of long-term anesthesia (maximum, 18 h), repeated blood sampling (maximum of 20 mL blood per kilogram body weight), and road transportation (as long as 1.5 h between 2 imaging centers) on key variables of lung, heart, and brain function in the context
of a well-established pig model of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Pulse rate, oxygen saturation, body temperature, arterial pressure of CO2, and urine production were stable during anesthesia for at least 16 h, whereas blood glucose slowly decreased. Hct and leukocyte count
decreased due to repeated blood sampling. During road transportation, blood lactate levels increased 5 fold and arterial pressure of O2 decreased by 50%. Repeated CT scans, necropsy results, and histopathology findings documented progressive lung changes and acute cardiac necrosis.
No lesions indicative of hypoxia were found in brain. The study data show that the typical monitoring parameters do not fully depict the cardiovascular state of pigs during prolonged anesthesia. We recommend streamlining experimental protocols for imaging studies in pigs to avoid organ pathology.
Динамика активности изоферментов семейства CYP3A при курсовом применении феназепама: влияние полиморфного маркерА CYP3A5*3
Authors: Иващенко Дмитрий Владимирович , Смирнов Валерий Валерьевич , Рыжикова Кристина Анатольевна , Созаева Жаннет Алимовна , Гришина Елена Анатольевна , Застрожин Михаил Сергеевич , Агузаров Альберт Дзастемирович , Савченко Людмила Михайловна , Брюн Евгений Алексеевич , Сычев Дмитрий Алексеевич
Published: December 2019

В подгруппе «Монотерапия феназепамом» активность CYP3A значимо снизилась на фоне проводимой терапии (3,82 ± 3,41) > (2,79 ± 3,06), (p = 0,036). Прием препаратов-индукторов CYP3A4/5 (паглюферал, карбамазепин) значимо не влиял на динамические изменения отношения 6-БГК/К (до лечения 2,58 ± 2,84 и 3,57 ± 4,25 после 6 сут лечения, p = 0,265). Носители генотипа CYP3A5*3 GA (ускоренный метаболизм), по сравнению с носителями GG, в 1 сут имеют более высокое значение отношения 6-БГК/К в общей выборке участников исследования (4,88 ± 4,29) и (3,01 ± 2,88), (p = 0,025) и в подгруппе «Монотерапия феназепамом» (5,51 ± 4,57) и (3,31 ± 2,84), (p = 0,03). На 6 сут различия становятся незначимыми, сохраняясь на уровне тенденции к достоверности среди общей выборки участников исследования (p = 0,058). Различия между уровнем метаболического отношения на 1 и на 6 сут наблюдались только у носителей генотипа CYP3A5*3 GA, получающих феназепам в виде монотерапии (5,51 ± 4,57) > (2,09 ± 1,62), (p = 0,022; n = 14). Было обнаружено значимое снижение активности изоферментов CYP3A в подгруппе пациентов, принимающих препарат в виде монотерапии. Феназепам, наиболее вероятно, относится к субстратам CYP3A, что важно учитывать для предупреждения нежелательных межлекарственных взаимодействий.
Teleology and the Dispositional Theory of Causation in Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Schmid Stephan
Published: December 2019

Thomas Aquinas is known for having endorsed the view that in our universe everything strives for a certain purpose. According to him not only rational agents act for the sake of specific ends, but every active substance (like animals and elements) does. It is this claim I reconstruct and discuss in this paper. I argue that it is based on Aquinas’ understanding of causality which is best – or so I suggest – conceived as a dispositional theory of causation. However, Aquinas does not only provide a natural philosophical account of natural teleology. Rather, he substantiates this account by embedding the phenomenon of natural teleology into a monotheistic framework. As I will point out, this move leads to a severe tension in Aquinas’ theory of natural teleology and ultimately threatens to deprive him of his ability to account for the natural substances’ intrinsic teleology.

Thomas von Aquin vertrat die Ansicht, dass in unserem Universum alles einen bestimmten Zweck anstrebt. Nicht nur rationale Akteure seien um eines gewissen Ziels tätig, sondern jede aktive Substanz (wie Lebewesen und Elemente). Hier rekonstruiere und diskutiere ich diese Ansicht. Ich führe aus, dass sie auf Thomas’ Kausalitätsverständnis beruht, das man am besten im Rahmen einer dispositionalen Kausalitätstheorie deuten sollte. Mit Rückgriff auf seinen Monotheismus liefert Thomas neben einer naturphilosophischen Erklärung auch eine theologische Erklärung der Naturteleologie. Wie ich argumentiere, führt diese theologische Einbettung der Naturteleologie zu einer Spannung, welche schließlich die Annahme intrinsischer Teleologie problematisch macht.
Is Hegel’s Theory of Sensation Committed to Metaphysics?
Authors: Sanguinetti Federico
Published: December 2019

The main aim of this paper is to analyse Hegel’s theory of cognitive reference to the world and, in particular, Hegel’s theory of sensation (Empfindung), in order to verify whether it implies metaphysical commitments (and, if so, to what extent). I will pursue my goal by investigating the problem of sensation in Hegel’s philosophy starting from McDowell’s conception of the relation between mind and world and from his theory of perception. In my view, this strategy offers a threefold advantage that will enable us to do the following: i) persuasively interpret the Hegelian theory of sensation; ii) better understand the authenticity and the limits of McDowell’s ‘Hegelianism’; iii) place the Hegelian theory of sensation within the complex contemporary debate on the status of sensible experience.
Empedocles on Sensation, Perception, and Thought
Authors: Curd Patricia
Published: December 2019

Aristotle claims that Empedocles took perception and knowledge to be the same; Theophrastus follows Aristotle. The paper begins by examining why Aristotle and Theophrastus identify thought/knowing with perception in Empedocles. I maintain that the extant fragments do not support the assertion that Empedocles identifies or conflates sensation with thought or cognition. Indeed, the evidence of the texts shows that Empedocles is careful to distinguish them, and argues that to have genuine understanding one must not be misled into supposing that sense perception is sufficient for knowledge. Nevertheless, sense perception is necessary for human knowing.
MASLAHAH REVIEW OF THE DOWRY (MARRIAGE COST) BUGIS-MAKASSAR COMMUNITY
Authors: Sudirman Sudirman , Samin Sabri , Aidid Hasyim , Talli Abd. Halim Talli
Published: December 2019

The study examines the review of maslahah of uang panaik (bride price) in Bugis Makassar community. This study method used a descriptive qualitative approach that describes the phenomenon in Bugis Makassar's society. The results of the study indicated that uang panaik is a custom or ‘urf in Bugis Makassar community that is implemented at every wedding reception. Previous Islamic jurists have built and developed the Maslahah theory which concludes that all rules in Islam were benefit-oriented. There were three levels of maslahah theory, namely maslahah daruriyyah, maslahah hajiyyah, and maslahah tahsiniyah. Uang panaik was more inclined to maslahah hajjiyyah because it was a necessity in every marriage in Bugis Makassar community.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Terhadap Kualitas Anak Pedalaman
Authors: anum syarifah
Published: December 2019

Pendidikan adalah usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar peserta didik secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya untuk memiliki, pengendalian diri, kepribadian, kecerdasan, akhlak mulia, serta keterampilan yang diperlukan dirinya, masyarakat, bangsa, dan negara. Masyarakat kita yang umumnya berada di daerah terpencil yang ekonominya lemah, dan kurang terdidik akan mengalami keterbelakangan budaya dan sarana kehidupan. Keadaan seperti ini sudah jelas akan menimbulkan masalah bagi pendidikan. Permasalahannya antara lain bagaimana menyadarkan mereka akan keterbelakangan atau ketertinggalan, bagaimana menyediakan sarana kehidupan dengan baik, khususnya bagaimana sistem pendidikan yang menjangkau dan melibatkan mereka sehingga mereka keluar dari keterbelakangan tersebut.
PERENCANAAN ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PADA LANSIA
Authors: Tampubolon Tiara Rahel
Published: December 2019

Proses keperawatan merupakan penerapan pemecahan masalah secara ilmiah yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi masalah pasien, merencanakan secara sistematis dan melaksanakan serta mengevaluasi hasil tindakan keperawatan yang telah dilaksanakan. Pendekatan proses keperawatan yang akan diberikan perawat kepada setiap klien itu berbeda-beda tergantung usia klien, masalah yang dialami pasien, budaya, dan lain sebagainya. Asuhan keperawatan kepada pasien dewasa akan berbeda dengan pasien anak-anak begitu pula pendekatan kepada pasien lansia. Dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan untuk pasien lansia, diperlukan sebuah persiapan diri yang benar-benar matang, karena hal tersebut merupakan proses yang kompleks dan sangat menantang, dikarenakan banyaknya hal-hal yang perlu dipertimbangkan dengan sangat matang
PROSES PENCATATAN DAN PELAPORAN PENGKAJIAN DATA PASIEN DI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Tampubolon Tiara Rahel
Published: December 2019

Sistem pelaporan insiden dirancang untuk memperoleh informasi tentang keselamatan pasien yang digunakan sebagai pembelajaran organisasi dan individu. Dalam keperawatan, melakukan asuhan keperawatan adalah hal yang wajib dilakukan oleh seorang perawat mulai dari pasien datang, sampai dengan pasien tersebut pulang dari rumah sakit. Dimana seorang perawat akan memulai dengan pengkajian secara menyeluruh terhadap pasien tersebut, melaksanakan intervensi, implementasi, dan evaluasi keefektifan diagnose awal yang telah ditegakkan terhadap pasien tersebut, sehingga dibutuhkannya pendokumentasian terhadap apa yang telah kita kaji dari keluhan, masalah, dan diagnose yang di derita mengenai pasien tersebut.
DAYA TARIK WISATA BELANJA DI CHINATOWN SINGAPURA
Authors: Wulandari Evi Sri
Published: December 2019

Makalah ini merupakan hasil laporan Foreign Case Study untuk syarat publikasi ilmiah di Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta dengan Judul Daya Tarik Wisata Belanja Di Chinatown Singapura.
PENENTUAN DIAGNOSA KEPERAWATAN YANG TEPAT GUNA MENCAPAI ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN YANG BAIK KEPADA PASIEN
Authors: Safitri Rizka
Published: December 2019

Salah satu kompetensi perawat adalah mampu merumuskan diagnosa keperawatan yang baik dan benar, dimana diagnosa keperawatan merupakan kesimpulan yang dihasilkan dari analisis data sehingga menghasilkan pernyataan yang jelas, singkat dan pasti tentang masalah pasien. Diagnosa keperawatan merupakan langkah kedua dari proses keperawatan yang menggambarkan penilaian klinis tentang respon individu, keluarga, kelompok maupun masyarakat terhadap permasalahan kesehatan baik aktual maupun potensial. Dimana perawat mempunyai lisensi dan kompetensi untuk mengatasinya. Diagnosa keperawatan memberikan dasar untuk pemilhan intervensi keperawatan untuk mencapai hasil yang merupakan tanggung jawab perawat. Tujuan diagnosa keperawatan adalah untuk mengidentifikasi masalah dimana adanya respon klien terhadap status kesehatan atau penyaki, faktor yang menunjang atau menyebabkan suatu masalah, kemampuan klien untuk mencegah atau menyelesaikan masalah, mengkomunikasikan masalah klien pada tim kesehatan, mendemonstrasikan tanggung jawab dalam indentifikasi masalah klien, mengidentifikasi masalah utama untuk perkembangan intervensi keperawatan.
LANGKAH -LANGKAH MENENTUKAN IMPLEMENTASI KEPERAWATAN MELALUI DIAGNOSA KEPERAWATAN
Authors: Ayunda Tri
Published: December 2019

Diagnosa keperawatan adalah pernyataan yang menguraikan respon aktual atau potensial klien terhadap masalah kesehatan yang perawata mempunyai izin dan berkompeten untuk mengatasinya. Respons actual dan potensial klien didapatkan dari data dasar pengkajian, tinjauan literature yang berkaitan, catatan medis klien masa lalu, dan konsultasi dengan professional lain, yang kesemuanya dikumpulkan selama pengkajian. Hal terkahir adalah, respon actual atau potensial klien yang membutuhkan intervensi dari domain prkatik keperawatan (Carlson et al, 1991; Carpenito, 1995). Diagnosa keperawatan adalah suatu pernyatan yang menjelaskan respon manusia dari individu atau kelompok dimana perawat secara akuntabilitas dapat mengidentifikasi dan memberikan intervensi secara pasti untuk menjaga status kesehatan menurunkan, membatasi, mencegah, dan merubah. ( Corpetino, 2004). Metode : Jenis metode penelitian ini adalah dengan metode eksplorasi bebas dan juga pendekatan jurnal. Sumber data yang dimuat berupa pengumpulan bahas pustaka tentang langkah-langkah dalam melakukan diagnosa keperawatan untuk meningkatkan derajat keselamatan pasien. Hasil : Hasil yang ingin dicapai adalah untuk melakukan diagnosa keperawatan untuk mengakan implementasi keperawatan dalam asuhan keperawatan. Tujuan : Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana caranya melakukan diagnosa keperawatan untuk menegakan implementasi keperawatan.
GAMBARAN FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PELAKSANAAN ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN DI RUMAH
Authors: HASIBUAN PUTRI LEONY
Published: December 2019

Seluruh rangkaian dalam proses keperawatan adalah rangkaian yang diberikan seorang perawat kepada pasien yang berhubungan dengan salah satunya yaitu tahapan pelaksanaan. Dalam tahap pelaksanaan ini dilakukan setelah rencana tindakan disusun serta ditujukan untuk membantu pasien untuk mencapai tujuan yang ingin dicapai. Terdapat beberapa factor yang dapat mempengaruhi pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan agar tindakan tersebut dapat berjalan dengan baik seusi dengan prosedur tindakannya.
PESONA PULAU JAMES BOND SEBAGAI DAYA TARIK WISATA DENGAN NILAI SEJARAHNYA DI PHANG-NGA THAILAND
Authors: Maliki Erawati Nurul
Published: December 2019

Makalah ini merupakan hasil laporan Foreign Case Study untuk syarat publikasi ilmiah di Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta dengan Judul Pesona Pulau James Bond Sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata dengan Nilai Sejarahnya di Phang-nga Thailand.
"EVALUASI SEBAGAI PENILAIAN ANTARA PERUBAHAN KEADAAN PASIEN DENGAN TUJUAN DAN KRITERIA HASIL YANG DIBUAT PADA TAHAP PERENCANAAN "
Authors: Saroh Arifah Mutia
Published: December 2019

Latar belakang : Dalam hal ini terlihat bahwa evaluasi dalam hal pernyataan perawat menanyakan tentang kondisi perasaan pasien selama dirawat yang direspon sangatlah baik. Sehingga hal ini perlu dipertahankan.Tujuan : Tujuan evaluasi antara lain mengakhiri rencana tindakan keperawatan, memodifikasi rencana tindakan keperawatan serta meneruskan rencana tindakan keperawatanMetode : Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review. Literature review ini menganalisis jurnal, text book, dan e-book yang relevan dan berfokus pada evaluasi sebagai penilaian antara perubahan keadaan pasien dengan tujuan dan kriteria hasil yang dibuat pada tahap perencanaan.Hasil : Apabila hasil menunjukkan ketercapaian tujuan dan kriteria hasil, maka pasien keluar dari siklus proses keperawatan, namun apabila sebaliknya, maka pasien masuk ke dalam siklus proses keperawatan mulai dari pengkajian ulangPembahasan : Evaluasi keperawatan adalah penilaian dengan cara membandingkan perubahan keadaan pasien (hasil yang diamati) dengan tujuan dan kriteria hasil yang perawat buat pada tahap perencanaan.Penutup : Evaluasi pada dasarnya dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah tujuan yang ditetapkan sudah dicapai atau belum. Oleh karena itu, evaluasi dilakukan sesuai dengan kerangka waktu penetapan tujuan (evaluasi hasil), tetapi selama proses pencapaian terjadi pada klien juga harus dipantau (evaluasi proses).
NILAI HISTORIS MASJID SULTAN SEBAGAI DAYA TARIK WISATA DI KAMPUNG GLAM SINGAPURA
Authors: Fadli Gusti Rosyam
Published: December 2019

Once a part of the British colony, now Singapore triumphs over its sister countries by being the most developed country in Southeast Asia. From the economic sector to its tourism where it became a home for diverse tourist destinations, among them is the historic Sultan Mosque that still stands stall on its place where it was built centuries ago.
CARA PERAWAT DALAM MENENTUKAN PERENCANAAN ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN SESUAI DENGAN MASALAH KESEHATAN PASIEN
Authors: Nasution Atikah Pratiwi Kumala
Published: December 2019

Pengkajian keperawatan dan perumusan diagnosa keperawatan mengawali langkah perencanaan dari proses keperawatan. Perencanaan adalah katergori dari perilaku keperawatan dimana tujuan yang berpusat pada klien dan hasil yang diperkirakan ditetapkan dan intervensi keperawatan dipilih untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut. Perencanaan asuhan keperawatn harus dibuat berdasarkan kebutuhan prioritas dari pasien terutama kebutuhan dasar dari fisiologi tubuh manusia. Setelah merumuskan dan menetapkan diagnosa keperawatan secara spesifik, perawat menggunakan keterampilan berfikir kritis untuk menetapkan prioritas diagnosa dengan membuat urutan dan peringkat dalam membuat prioritas yang harus dipenuhi oleh klien. Prioritas ini dibuat bertujuan untuk dapat mengidentifikasi urutan intervensi asuhan keperawatan ketika klien mempunyai masalah yang berkaitan denngan kesehatan klien. Selama pertimbangan yang mendalam, perawat harus menelaah kebutuhan klien, prioritas, dan penglaman sebelumnya untuk memilih yang mempunyai potensi terbaik untuk mencapai hasil yang diharapkan sesuai dengan tujuan yang diharapkan dari pihak perawat dan klien.
PENGEMBANGAN DAN PENGAJUAN DIAGNOSA KEPERAWATAN
Authors: pane yuke wulandari
Published: December 2019

Suatu diagnosis keperawatan dibangun dengan menggabungkan nilai-nilai dari Aksis 1 (fokus diagnostik). Aksis 2 (subjek diagnosis), dan Aksis 3 (penilaian) jika diperlukan dan menambahkan nilai dari aksis lainnya untuk kejelasan yang relevan. Peneliti atau perawat profesional yang tertarik akan mulai dengan fokus diagnosis (Aksi 1) dan menambahkan penilaian (Aksis 3) tentang hal tersebut. NANDA-I tidak mendukung kontruksi acak dari diagnosis keperawatan yang akan terjadi dengan mencocokkan secara sederhana dari saatu aksis keaksis lain untuk membuat label diagnosis mewakili penilaian berdasarkan penilaian pasien. Dengan membuat sebuah diagnosis yang akan digunakan dalam praktik klinis atau dokumentasi dengan cara mencocokkan istilah dari aksis yang berbeda, tanpa pengembanganb defenisi komponen lain dari diagnosis (batasan karakteristik,faktor yang berhubungan,faktor risiko,kondisi terkait, dan populasi beresiko) dengan berbasis bukti, meniadakan tujuan standar bahasa sebagai sebuah metode untuk mewakili, menginformasikan dan mengarahkan penilaian dan praktik klinis yang benar.