bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying COVID-19 Instagram behaviour patterns via a novel network analysis pipeline
Authors: Boschet Arthur , Lee Vivian Chia-Jou , Shen Brenda , Zhang William
Published: January 2022

Instagram has become one of the most widely used social media platforms globally. As such, the volume of information generated by Instagram users makes it an excellent data mine to study human behaviour. Although researchers have turned to Twitter data to observe the flow of misinformation surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, there is little to no publication on COVID-19 behaviours on Instagram. To address this knowledge gap, an extensive analysis was conducted on COVID-19-related big data from Instagram. 5,300 global Instagram posts were collected between January 5 and March 20 of 2020, and the associated hashtags were processed using a novel, highly extensible Social Network Analysis pipeline. Eigenvector centrality and weight cluster indexing partitioned the hashtag data into eleven clusters, three of which were studied to reflect public behaviour. The data revealed that the mental health cluster consisted mainly of Instagram business profiles and that these were associated with positive sentiments on COVID-19. It was found that a niche cluster containing conspiracy-related content was primarily created by real Instagram users and was associated with very negative sentiments. A supervised machine learning approach was also used to classify hashtags related to comedy and memes as bot-generated content. For future investigations, it is recommended that a large-scale behavioural analysis of bots and their effects on pandemic information be performed.
A tertiary care prospective of epidemiology and aetiopathogenesis of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Dogra Varun , Ahmed Rabia Nazir , Gilkar Ishfaq Ahmad , Mir Irfan Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Background: Acute pancreatitis is a potentially lethal condition resulting from an acute inflammatory process in the pancreas usually manifested by upper abdominal pain and raised concentration of pancreatic enzymes in blood, urine and peritoneal fluid. Aims and objectives were to study the epidemiology and aetiopathogenesis of acute pancreatitis in Jammu region of Northern India.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study, conducted in the postgraduate department of surgery, Government Medical College Jammu for a period of 3 years and included all admitted patients with diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. The main outcome variable was to find the various etiological factors associated with acute pancreatitis.Results: In our study acute pancreatitis was found to be more common in younger people. Most of the patients in the study population were below 40 years of age. Majority of the patients presented first time to the hospital with the chief complaints of pain upper abdomen. In this study, we found that the two principal causes of acute pancreatitis in our population were gall stones and alcoholism which contributed a total of about 68% cases followed by other causes such as hyperlipidemia, drug induced pancreatitis, worm induced acute pancreatitis, post-surgical pancreatitis, post traumatic pancreatitis, and hypercalcemia.Conclusions: Acute pancreatitis is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, and is quite common in Northern India. As such there is a need to make our population aware regarding the impact of alcoholism and bad dietary practices in causation of acute pancreatitis.
Role of dental practitioner in smoking cessation interventional programs
Authors: Al-sharif Rajeh Mohammed , Homadi Mohamed Ibrahim , Alsakran Huda Abdullah , Alqarni Mohammed Ahmed , Almaliki Amr Hamdi , Alkuwaiti Elaf Ahmed , Bawahab Dina Abdulwahab , Alshehri Rashid Abdullah , Abudawood Azza Anas , Albishri Abdulaziz Talal , Alqahtani Alyyan Mohammed
Published: January 2022

Oral cancer, periodontitis, reduced response to periodontal therapy, implant failure, tooth loss, dental caries, delayed wound healing, chronic candidiasis, staining, halitosis and premalignant tissue alteration are all caused or linked to smoking and smokeless tobacco use. Importantly, smoking cessation therapies (both brief and extensive) have been proved to be a very cost-effective method of prolonging life and lowering disease. Health care providers, notably dentists and dental hygienists, are responsible for providing smoking cessation care to individuals with oral difficulties. The purpose of this research was to review the available information about the effectiveness of dental practitioners in smoking cessation interventional programs. According to the existing literature, dental practitioners can play an essential role in the control and spread of tobacco-related oral disorders by including smoking cessation interventional programs. The negative health impacts of tobacco use as well as the benefits of quitting tobacco use and tobacco cessation counselling, should all be part of the dentist office's arsenal. Dental professionals are in a unique position to assist tobacco users seeking dental care by assisting them in quitting smoking.
Adaptive Time Difference of Time of Arrival in Wireless Sensor Network Routing for Enhancing Quality of Service
Authors: Natarajan Vignesh Prasanna , Thandapani Kavitha
Published: January 2022

Underwater wireless communications are critical in military and corporate operations such as environmental monitoring, underwater exploration, and scientific data collection. Existing protocols for terrestrial wireless sensor networks (TWSNs) perform poorly in terms of energy efficiency, dependability, and transmission. Because they have separate qualities, they cannot be used directly in the UWSN. The present challenges include developing an EDVR algorithm for determining the distance to each node and the variance in node depth in order to estimate energy consumption reductions. This technique takes the depth of the two-hop neighbors into account and calculates the time aid from the Adaptive Time Difference of Arrival (ATDoA), which is avoided by broadcasting information to its neighboring node, with farther forward nodes. To determine the time difference between the reception of two signals at a node, the adaptive time Difference of time of arrival (ATDoA) is easier to measure than the time at which the signal arrives. In the UWSN, the following transmission assigns higher node energy if the node is lower. It increases system performance, saves lives, and minimizes packet wait time at the destination. The results show that nodes have a longer lifetime, fewer dead nodes, use less energy, and take less time to propagate than techniques.
Muhammadiyah constitution jihad movement: a case study of the Omnibus Law on job creation
Authors: Huda Muhammad Nurul , Hammam Hammam , Suranto Suranto , Saputra Herdin Arie
Published: January 2022

The Omnibus Law on job creation is a government initiative proposal and it has drawn public reactions to polemics of debate. Muhammadiyah as a religious organisation also expressed their objections to the Omnibus Law on job creation. This article is qualitative research that applies NVivio 12 plus to manage the data through crosstab analysis and cluster analysis. This study shows that there are aspects of conflictual relations that give rise to a movement. Muhammadiyah forms a formal or non-formal organization that involves the Law and Human Rights Council (HAM) as well as s a forum of the dean of the law faculty and the head of the law school of Muhammadiyah and Aisyiyah universities. In the concept, of Muhammadiyah emphasizes to synchronise between institutions by prioritizing transparency, making laws severe in their implementation. Muhammdiyah offers three concept points, namely revoking a government regulation in lieu of law (PERPU), delaying its implementation, and revising through public participation.
Hydrolysis of Red Beet Bagasse and Modeling of Hydrolysates for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Jiménez-Islas Donaji , Rivera-Ríos Juan Manuel , Venegas Sánchez Josué Addiel , Gracida Rodríguez Jorge Noel
Published: January 2022

Red beets in Mexico are used in the colorants industry, but their juice bagasse (RBB) can be carbohydrates for ethanol production. The present study aims to the pretreatment of bagasse of red beet using acid (H2SO4) and alkali (NaOH) to improve the availability of sugars. Also, describe quantitatively in the hydrolysates the microbial growth, substrate consumption, and ethanol production with simulation using data kinetics of red beet and logistic, Pirt, and Luedeking-Piret equations. Experiments with H2SO4 at sterilization conditions resulted in lower phenolic formation and increased hydrolysis to 32 %. Logistic, Pirt, and Luedeking-Piret equations were used to quantitatively describe the hydrolysates the microbial growth, substrate consumption, and ethanol production, respectively. In the alkali treatment, a significant mean difference was found (p < 0.05) in substrate mass and reaction time. The maximum yield of 38 g/L of total sugars at 72 h of reaction was obtained from 6 g RBB and H2SO4 at 0.5 N. The ethanol yield was 15 to 18 g/L representing about 78 to 92 % of the theoretical yield.
Dispositivo cobaia
Authors: Esturião Higor , Fischer Marta Luciane
Published: January 2022

investigaram-se as relações de poder entre humanos e animais na experimentação científica testando a hipótese de que certos conceitos, como disciplina, biopolítica e dispositivo, podem ser úteis para pensar a realidade de animais e humanos no contexto do laboratório. Partiu-se da premissa de que os poderes são mais sutis do que explicitamente violentos. Por um lado, validou-se a hipótese por meio da análise de grupo focal online da fala de docentes, pós-graduandos e bioteristas. Por outro, a presente pesquisa evidenciou também a importância dos afetos, da noção de responsabilidade e do cuidado. Delineia-se, portanto, uma relação humano-animal constituída pela ambivalência: saberes e práticas instrumentais, de um lado, cuidado, afeto e emoções, de outro. Assim, os animais são seres de ontologia dupla, pois são objetos (devem ser estudados) e sujeitos (devem ser respeitados). A partir dessa ambivalência, discute-se o dispositivo cobaia, um conjunto de discursos e práticas que envolvem tanto instrumentalidade quanto afetividade, e que, através de suas técnicas, transforma os animais em “cobaias”. Defende-se que essa ambivalência, por mais que seja importante para manter o animal no lugar subalterno de cobaia, também apresenta um potencial de criar outros modos de relação, outros modos de experimentar que fogem do dispositivo, isto é, que fogem da lógica sacrificial de produzir vidas dóceis e matáveis.
Arquitecturas pantalla en la era de la información. Notas sobre paramentos mediáticos y nuevos paradigmas
Authors: Rincón Borrego Iván Israel , Alonso-García Eusebio , Pérez-Barreiro Sara , Villalobos-Alonso Daniel
Published: January 2022

Desde mediados del siglo XX se observa un aumento de prácticas arquitectónicas singulares basadas en la incorporación de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) dotando a la arquitectura de pieles y paramentos mediáticos. Este artículo busca sentar las bases de un glosario de ideas, así como una clasificación abierta desde la que poder abordar de manera ordenada el estudio de esta tendencia de vanguardia. Concretamente se analizan dos líneas de investigación. La primera profundiza en los antecedentes de los primeros sistemas mediáticos incorporados al diseño arquitectónico. La segunda muestrea el abanico de ejemplos de arquitecturas mediáticas construidas que mejor han reflejado esta tendencia tecnológica en las últimas décadas. Mediante la revisión bibliográfica, apoyada en una muestra intencional de cien obras seleccionadas y clasificadas, las conclusiones apuntan a una serie de nuevos paradigmas que nos permiten identificar cuándo el entorno arquitectónico responde positivamente al calificativo de mediático y por qué.
Anatomía arquitectónica en la obra de Eileen Gray. Un análisis comparado para identificar la mano tras el diseño de la E.1027
Authors: Marcos Alba Carlos L. , Moreno Moreno María Pura
Published: January 2022

a escasa producción arquitectónica de Eileen Gray y su aprendizaje autodidacta, ajeno al ámbito académico, han contribuido a cuestionar su protagonismo en el proyecto de la vivienda E.1027, realizado junto a Jean Badovici, arquitecto y director de la revista L’Architecture Vivante. Esta investigación compara su lenguaje arquitectónico con el de otros de sus proyectos desarrollados en solitario. Se abordan paralelismos e influencias de su obra con aquella modernidad temprana que ella reinterpretaba siempre con una mirada crítica. Dichas comparaciones permiten identificar las cualidades más relevantes de su arquitectura, además de demostrar su protagonismo en el diseño de la E.1027 y relegar a Badovici al papel de consultor técnico, mentor y asesor crítico. La compleja densidad espacial y las relaciones entre lugar, arquitectura y equipamiento se muestran como huellas objetivas para confirmar esta hipótesis y valorar la importancia de su talento como pionera de la modernidad.
The road from mutation to next generation phenotyping: contribution of deep learning technology (Face2Gene) to diagnosis neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: ELMAS Muhsin , GÖĞÜŞ Başak
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Genetics is one of the fastest growing medical fields in the last 10 years. While new analysis methods such as Next Generation Sequencing have been developed, the use of artificial intelligence like Face2Gene in this field has also been developed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical, genetic and dysmorphic findings of Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients, a disease of the RASopathy group. At the same time, another aim of this study is to evaluate and compare with other RASopathies diseases the success of Face2Gene application which is one of the NGP technologies, in this group of diseases.
Methods: This study is a retrospective archive scan. 14 patients from 3 different patient groups were selected for the study. Face2Gene analysis was performed for these groups. Detailed clinical, genetic and dysmorphic findings of NF1 patients were also examined.
Results: As a result of the genetic analysis of NF1 patients, one patient had novel mutation. The most detected mutation type is nonsense mutation (42,8%). The most common finding in magnetic resonance imaging was hamartoma (29%). Face2Gene suggested that NF1 in top-3 for 10 of 14 NF1 patients. Additionally, at the comparison of NF1 patients and non-NF1 RASopathies patients resulted as AUC was 0.749 and p value was 0.134.
Conclusion: Considering the developments in technology in the last 10 years, it is thought that artificial intelligence applications such as Face2Gene will be used a lot in the routines of medical doctors in the next 10 years.
The factors affecting the redisplacement in distal radius fractures
Authors: TARLACIK Ali Okan , KAVAK Mustafa , ÖZÇELİK Abdurrahman
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Many instability criteria have been described in the literature to predict loss of reduction in distal radius fractures. However, the effect of the column location of the fracture on loss of reduction has not been investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of fracture column location and other radiological parameters on the loss of reduction of the distal radius fractures.
Methods: A total of 106 patients who were treated conservatively for displaced distal radius fractures were included in the study. The average age of the patients included in the study is 54.9 years (range: 18-91 years). Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the wrist were taken in each patient at the time of first admission, immediately after reduction and casting, and at the 1st, 2nd and 6th weeks. Intraarticular fracture were evaluated by computed tomography (CT). Radial length, volar tilt angle and column location of the fracture were obtained by evaluating the radiographs and CT. The effects of post-reduction radiological parameters and column location of the fracture on loss of reduction were analyzed.
Results: Reduction loss was detected in 23 (21.7%) of 106 patients. Metaphyseal fracture in 83 (78.3%) patients, intermediate volar column fracture in 76 (71.7%) patients, intermediate dorsal column fracture in 86 (81.1%) patients, ulnar column fracture in 52 (49.1%) patients and radial column fracture in 25 (23.6%) patients were determined. It was observed that having a fracture in the ulnar column or radial column caused a significant loss in radial length (p < 0.05). Metaphyseal and the intermediate column fractures did not make a statistically significant difference in reduction loss.
Conclusions: Column location of the fracture can also be used to predict loss of reduction in the conservative treatment of distal radius fractures.
Application of Porter’s framework to assess aquaculture value chain in Kenya.
Authors:   University of Massachusetts, USA, Ndanga LZB , Quagrainie K ,   Purdue University, USA, Ngugi CC ,   Kenyatta University, Kenya, Amadiva J ,   Ministry of Fisheries Development - Aquaculture Directorate,Nairobi, Kenya
Published: January 2022

Aquaculture (fish farming) is an agricultural as well as fisheries activity, competing with other agricultural enterprises and artisanal fisheries for the same basic inputs. Therefore , aquaculture is subject to the same basic resource constraints that traditional agricultural activities face. The literature suggests that competition within a value chain is between chains and not individual actors . This study examined the aquaculture value chain in Ken ya, assessing the entire value chain, and determining the appropriate points to participate in economically sustainable ways. The competition analysis assessed attractiveness at each stage of the chain by reviewing the rivalry in terms of five competitive forces within the Kenyan aquaculture industry; competitive rivalry, the threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of substitutes and bargaining power of buyers. The aquaculture industry in Kenya is assessed using Porter’s model with marketing mix (Ps) and factor evaluation matrix (FEM). Input supply is found to be the most difficult value chain function in which to participate because it requires relatively large initial capital outlays and additional operating funds. Although fish farming is the driving function of the entire value chain, the significant capital investments required could be a barrier to entry . Fish farming has largely benefited from the support of government, NGOs and other regional development initiatives. The study established that the easiest sector to enter (in terms of low barriers to entry and exit and low labour requirements) is the fish marketing sector. This chain function provides the most flexibility and liquidity to participants, whether as full -time or part -time occupation. Overall, participation in the Kenya aquaculture value chain will depend on the prospective entrant’s level of experience, time, capital commitment and financial goal (long term stability versus liquidity). Aquaculture requires a long term commitment and high capital outlays, as well as persistence, and should therefore be considered by those looking for long term stability and not short term benefits. Established fish farmers may consider diversifying into input supply and value addition as well.
Restoring community livelihoods and food security through livestock asset during drought disasters: Case study of Mwingi, Kenya
Authors:   Departement of clinical studies, faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, Mutembei HM , Mulei CM , Mbithi PFM
Published: January 2022

Some of the world’s poor and most disaster -vulnerable communities are also those most reliant on livestock. Whenever disasters strike, in addition to the immediate devastation, food insecurity and loss of life, the loss of livestock can leave a secondary legacy of economic instability, debt and dependency. In 2011, a collaborative approach to mitigate both immediate and long- term effects of the devastating drought affecting Kenya’s livestock and people was conducted in Mwingi . In that year, East Africa had suffered the worst drought in 60 years following three years of poor or failed rains . M ore than 11 mil lion people faced starvation in the region and i n Kenya alone, 3.5 million people were affected by the crisis, which was declared a nation al disaster. For the people of Mwingi in Kenya, the keeping of livestock – including cattle, goats, sheep and camels – is the primary source of livelihoods and forms the basis of the regional economy. As the drought continued, daily life of Mwingi people became a struggle for survival for both people and their animals. Of their estimated animals thought to have been affected , in some areas, up to 45 per cent of the animal population died. A strategy to mitigate the effects of the drought was designed through participatory drought analysis and needs assessment. Subsequently, a drought response team was deployed in the region targeting to secure and restore valued asset of the people of Mwingi - the livestock. Management of livestock during that crisis helped to safeguard livelihoods and food security of the affected region. By the end of the disaster management the re were perceived benefits in terms of improved body condition of the animals , avoided animal mortalities and indirect benefits derived from surviving livestock. With resumption of rains , farmers were able to continue depending upon their secured animals assets for livelihood . T he cost -benefit analysis indicated the intervention generated $2.74 of benefits in the form of avoided losses for ever y $1 spent. If the time period was extended to 3 years, the benefit -cost ratio increases to $6.69 in benefits for every $1 spent. This case demonstrate s that interventions on drought crisis focusing on action s aimed at animal welfare could help maintain a nd restore the livestock as a livelihoods asset of the regions’ farmers and help to enhance their food security.
Influence of legume residue and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench) in Bauchi state, Nigeria.
Authors:   Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria., Shuaibu YM , Garba AA , Voncir N
Published: January 2022

A field experiment was conducted at the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University teaching and research farm Bauchi (10o 22' N and 9o 47'E) and also at Bulkachuwa village of Katagum LGA. (11o 38'N and 10 o 31'E) both in Bauchi state, during the rainy seasons of 2011 and 2012 to determine the influence of legume residue and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). The treatments consist of two legumes (cowpea and soybean), nitrogen fertilizer applied at the rate of 0, 15, 30 and 60kgN/ha, both used to determine the performance of a Sorghum (variety; KSV 8). The legumes were sown in the first year while using the same site/plots, sorghum was then sown in the second year. The experiment was laid out in both years using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. No data were collected on the legumes in the first year while data collected on sorghum in the second year included; plant height, number of leaves, 1000 grain weight and grain yield (kg/ha). The results of the experiment revealed that, growing sorghum on cowpea and soybean residue had significant (P≤0.05) effect on all the characters measured than on fallow. The results further revealed that, application of nitrogen fertilizer at the rate of 60kgN/ha gave significantly (P≤0.01) higher effects on all the characters studied than when the other rates were used. Control plots on the other hand recorded the least. It was also observed that, siting the experiment at Bauchi significantly (P≤0.05) produced higher yield than when the experiment was carried out at Bulkachuwa. Studies on interaction revealed that, irrespective of the location used, application of 60kgN/ha following cowpea and soybean in rotation significantly (P≤0.01) increased yield of sorghum. Based on the results obtained, application of 60kgN/ha as top dress to sorghum grown on cowpea or soybean residue should be adopted by farmers in and around Bauchi state for higher yield.
Selected heavy metals in some vegetables produced through wastewater irrigation and their toxicological implications in eastern Ethiopia
Authors:   Haramaya University, Ethiopia, Deribachew B , Nigussie-Dechassa R , Taddesse AM , Amde M ,   State key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
Published: January 2022

Vegetables widely consumed in some areas of eastern Ethiopia such as cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and khat (Catha edulis Forsk.) are cultivated through irrigation with wastewater. The purpose of this study was to analyse the contents of selected toxic heavy metal (Cr, Co, Cd and Pb) of the vegetables, the effluents used to irrigate the crops, and the soils on which the crops were grown, using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The optimized wet digestion procedure was employed to solubilise the metals from the samples. The validation was performed by spiking the samples with a standard solution of each metal having a known concentration and the percentage recovery values in the range of 91.0– 98.3% for soil, 92.0–102% for effluent, and 89.0–101% for vegetable samples. The following concentrations (mg kg-1) of the metals were found in the edible parts of the cabbage, potato, and khat plants, respectively: Cr [less than method detection limit (<MDL)- 17.13], (11.96-14.21), and (9.04-15.54); Co (5.72-9.72), (5.15-8.72), and (<MDL-8.87); Cd (1.15-2.46), (1.22-1.46), and (0.38-3.22); Pb (5.48-11.95), (5.43-7.78), and (4.49-11). The concentrations in the effluent samples (mg kg-1) ranged from 0.17-0.26, 0.57-1.02, 0.04-0.08, and 0.82-2.52 for Cr, Co, Cd, and Pb, respectively. Similarly, concentrations (mg kg-1) of the metals in the soil samples were in the ranges of 25.71-41.45, 17.69-23.59, 0.79-2.56, and 26.04-47.29 for Cr, Co, and Cd, and Pb, respectively. The study revealed that the concentrations of all metals in the vegetables, except Co, were found to be above the safe limits set by different international organizations for consumption, posing a serious health hazard to humans. Therefore, regular monitoring of effluents, soils, and vegetables are essential to prevent excessive build-up of the toxic heavy metals in food. Thus, the health risk and the extent of heavy metal contamination can be reduced.
Transfer of metals from soil to Cucumis sativus fruit and possible health risk assessment under actual field condition.
Authors:   Chemistry Department, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, Udousoro II , Essien ME
Published: January 2022

Toxic metals levels in Cucumis sativus (cucumber) plant and soil in an area of the oil producing Niger Delta of Nigeria were investigated. The study was carried out in a small scale Cucumis sativus farm located in Idim Afia village in Eket Local Government area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria . Toxic metal s levels in soil were lower than the background levels except cadmium . Bioconcentration factor revealed that both toxic and major metals concentrated more in the root except for lead and cadmium which concentrated more in the shoot. Though the fruit is a good source of potassium (bioconcentration factor =14.90), it also hyper -accumulates nickel (bioconcentration factor =84.00) , qualifying it as an indicator of nickel pollution. Effective transfer ( Transfer Factor >1) of metals were observed for lead and cadmium from root to shoot; zinc , nickel , chromium and cadmium from shoot to leaf; and nickel and chromium from shoot to fruit. Generally, transfer factor within the organs w as less than one . Indices of soil pollution indicate d low to moderate pollution of farm soil and, also anthropogenic origin for cadmium and chromium (concentration factor >1). Principal component analysis extracted three major components accounting for 94.351% of total variance, and characterised by strong associations with exhaust emissions, leaching of industrial and domestic waste and agricultural activities. The main human exposure route of all toxic metals in Eket was through ingestion of fruit. Non -carcinogenic chronic daily in take and non- carcinogenic hazard quotient were higher in farm and purchased fruit than in the farm soil. Non - carcinogenic hazard quotient s of individual exposure pathways and the total non - carcinogenic hazard quotient was <1, indicating no potential health concern for zinc , nickel , lead , cadmium , and chromium pollution in Eket at the time of study. It was observed that chromium posed least risk to the local population, with hazard quotient ranging from 0.000 in soil to 0.0006 in farm fruit. However, cadmium in farm soil, and nickel and lead in the fruit, presented higher values for non- carcinogenic risk in the study area, hence more attention should be paid to cadmium , nickel and lead pollution in future studies. The results of this study may inform policy on the prevention of food contamination by toxic metals.
Sanitation and hygiene status of butcheries in Kampala district, Uganda.
Authors:   Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Mirembe BB , Ndejjo R , Musoke D
Published: January 2022

There is a growing trend in the consumption of animal products such as meat in the developing world especially due to a growing population, urbanization and rising incomes. This poses a risk of food borne illnesses from meat consumption due to poor sanitation and hygiene. The purpose of this study was to assess the sanitation and hygiene status of butcheries in Kampala district, Uganda. The study was cross-sectional in design and involved quantitative data collection methods. The study units were butcheries from which one respondent was randomly selected to answer the questionnaire. An observational checklist was used to assess the status of sanitation and hygiene of the butcheries. Data were entered and analysed in Epi Info 3.5.1 statistical software. A total of 73 butcheries were visited, 51 (69.9%) of which were permanent structures, 7 (9.6%) semi-permanent and 15 (20.5%) temporary. Observations revealed that 24 (32.9%) butcheries had cracked walls and 66 (90.4%) had damaged floors. The main water source used by the butcheries was tap 67 (91.8%) with the rest collecting water from nearby protected springs. Hand washing facilities were present in 56 (76.7%) of the butcheries of which only 5 (6.8%) had soap for hand washing. Only 19 (26.0%) of the butcheries had receptacles for waste storage. Cleaning practices varied among butchers with 55 (75.3%) cleaning their butcheries daily. Most of the equipment (pangas and knives) found in the butcheries 66 (90.4%) were clean. Regarding personal hygiene, 57 (78.1%) of the respondents wore clean clothes, 65 (89.0%) had short finger nails and only 23 (31.5%) had personal protective wear. From the study, it was observed that the sanitation and hygiene status of butcheries in Kampala district was poor. There is, thus, need for the local authority to put in place stringent measures to ensure proper hygiene and sanitation which will reduce on the risks of meat contamination.
Resource-use efficiency and optimal farm plan in pepper (capsicum spp.) production in Ogun state, Nigeria
Authors:   Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria, Ogunbo MM
Published: January 2022

This study estimated resource-use efficiency and optimal farm plan in pepper (Capsicum spp) production in Ogun State, Nigeria during the pepper production/planting season in 2010. The data were collected from 120 pepper farmers who were sampled using a multistage sampling technique with the use of structured questionnaire and were analysed using descriptive statistics and linear programming (LP). The results revealed that 85% of the sampled farmers were male with a mean age of 43 years and mean pepper farming experience of 12 years. Majority (77%) of the respondents cultivated between 0.10ha and 1.54ha of land with a mean farm size of 1.23ha. This study also revealed that 35.0% of the farmers practised intercropping, 62.5% were into cultivation of sole pepper with a mean farm size of 0.93ha, and the enterprise combinations included pepper/maize (6.67%) with a mean farm size of 0.93ha, pepper/cassava (13.3%) with a mean farm size of 0.96ha, pepper/tomato (7.5%) with a mean farm size of 1.47ha, and pepper/maize/cassava (10.0%) with a mean farm size of 1.66ha. The major constraints in pepper production among the sampled farmers were inadequate viable and disease-resistant seeds (84.2%), inadequate transportation (90.8%) and inadequate access to finance/credit (90.8%). The results of the LP programme recommended pepper/tomato and pepper/maize/cassava enterprises and suggested a mean farm size of 0.25ha and 0.66ha for the two enterprises, respectively. The result further suggested that the mean farm size cultivated be reduced by 82.99% for pepper/tomato enterprise and 60.24% for pepper/maize/cassava enterprise. The optimum plan yielded an increase of 115.47% in gross margin of pepper/tomato enterprise and 31.62% of gross margin in pepper/maize/cassava enterprise. There is potential to improve output in order to harness the potential of pepper production to the optimum level. Therefore, enterprises such as pepper/tomato and pepper/maize/cassava which maximize the use of farm resources should be cultivated by the farmers in the study area. It is recommended that potential or practising pepper farmers should be enlightened on the basis of their capacity in terms of land area to cultivate and resources and/or inputs at hand.
Anti-bacterial activity of Guizotia scabra L. and Maesa lanceolata L. extracts on Erwinia carotovora L. responsible for irish potato soft rot in Rwanda.
Authors:   Higher Institute of Education, Rwanda, Nzabuheraheza FD , Nyiramugwera AN ,   Open University of Tanzania, Kibungo Campus located in Rwanda.
Published: January 2022

Food security is handicapped by the postharvest losses caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Erwinia carotovora L . (L: is a Swedish botanist called Linnaeus ). Nowadays in Rwanda as well as in the different developing countries, harvested Irish potatoes undergo losses due to rotting caused by different pathogenic microorganisms found in soil, water, and other vectors. In Musanze District, Irish potato seeds or small tubers and table potatoes are spoiled by the bacterial species called Erwinia carotovora. Curative chemicals imported from developed countries are very expensive and not available in all regions of rural areas. There is a need to find local alternatives in terms of tradition al treatment methods practiced by traditional healers for animals and human body. Medicinal plants roots, barks, leaves and flowers were collected from the Institute of Higher Education (called INES -Ruhengeri) botanical garden established near Volcanoes of Rwanda. Dried crude extracts were prepared in the laboratory for anti -microbial activity assay on identified Erwinia carotovora from infected samples of rotten Irish potatoes collected from Musanze District . Targeted medicinal plants were Guizotia scabra L. and Maesa lanceolata L. with a good reputation in traditional healing of human diseases . The objective of this research work was to assess or evaluate the anti -bacterial activity of crude extracts of Guizotia scabra L. and Maesa lanceolata L. on Erwinia carotovora L. identified from rotten Irish potatoes from Musanze District in Rwanda. Crude extracts were used in order to determine the minimum volume in micro -litres (minimum dose) to be used in order to inhibit Erwinia carotovo ra L . isolated from rotten Irish potatoes. It was found that crude extracts of Maesa lanceolata L. , especially from leaves and roots exhibit a better antimicrobial effect on identified Erwinia carotovora L. For Maesa lanceolata L., the minimum dose was 5 μl with 3 mm of inhibition zone found on antibiogram, while for Guizotia scabra L. , the minimum volume was 10 μl with 5mm of inhibition zone diameter. It was concluded that both medicinal plants were similarly active against Erwinia carotovora L. responsible for Irish potato soft rot in Musanze conditions. Thus, the two endangered medicinal plants species should be protected, multiplied and promoted at industrial level for the contribution to sustainable development of the country.
The 35mm Solution: Photography, Scientists, and Whales
Authors: Nutch Frank
Published: January 2022

The field technique of photographic identification enabled scientists to individually identify and follow cetacea (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) through their life-cycle. Photographic identification relies on portable, highquality photographic equipment and the naturally occurring markings of individual whales. Being able to identify cetacea individually has enabled scientists to engage in long-term field studies comparable to field studies of land mammals. Further, carrying out long-term field studies has contributed to an exponential growth of scientific knowledge of cetacea and has significantly altered the public’s connection(s) to scientists and cetacea.

This article is based on interviews, published material, and observations made by the author at different research settings. It describes how photography and the use of naturally occurring markings of individual cetacea combined to produce photographic identification as a research technique.

As a study within the sociology of science and scientific knowledge, this article highlights the emergent character of scientific research; that is, the emergent confluence of cumulative knowledge, theory, method, and empirical observation.
Metaforyczne ożywianie miasta. Praktyka na pograniczu nauki i sztuki
Authors: Filanowski Błażej
Published: January 2022

The paper analyzes the sources of the modern metaphor of revival of the city, finding conections with of two concepts taken from the biological sciences: circulation and metabolism. The author describes how this understanding of the city as an organism influenced two important architectural and artistic concepts: the Modern City and the Situacionist City. Assuming contemporary relevance of both concepts, the paper develops usus of the word "revival" as a participatory process in the crisis-define area in the contemporary discourse on a field of administrations and research in Poland. The author compares the revival practice with the analyzed artistic concepts and their contemporary reception, noting that every action is unique, and its effectiveness it's difficult to predict.
Od „topografii” do Nowej Topografii. Dwie natury ujawnione przez fotografowany krajobraz
Authors: Filanowski Błażej
Published: January 2022

New Topographics is an american photographers’ group whom in the 1970s referred to "topographics" - nineteenth-century photographs of the American West landscape. The "topographers" represented romantic ethos, visible in spectacular shots creating the myth and cultural identity of the colonized West also the entire United States. The New Topographics preferred repetitiveness and banality aesthetic of the contemporary landscape west of the Mississippi. Both movements are often analyzed in the context of identity changes and the demythologization of the region. In the paper, the achievements of "topographers" and the New Topographics are analyzed as visual messages representing the meaning of the current concept of nature - assuming that the concept of nature is discursive and its content changes over time.
Komunikacyjna rola przedogródka, czyli rzecz o ludowej wizji świata
Authors: Grzegorzewska Anita
Published: January 2022

Among the studies on the aspects of communication understood as the transfer of information (meanings), there are no works that discuss the communicative potential of nature. The author, referring to the methodological assumptions developed within communicativism, offers the concept of folk communicative competence. The proposed model of folk communicative competence, including the acts: plant (human) - human and plant (supernatural power / folk faith), allows to define the role of vegetation from the traditional backyard garden in the way of thinking and functioning of the rural community. The author prooves that the front gardens were not only an important element of material culture, but they were also connected with the sphere of spiritual culture.
The level of entrepreneurship and the business cycle: A case study of Poland at the national and regional level
Authors: Pawel Zasadzki , Markowski Lukasz , Opalach Damian
Published: January 2022

At present, more attention is paid to the relationship between entrepreneurship and the phase of the business cycle. As there is a certain gap in the knowledge of this problem in Poland, it seemed important to verify the above relationship. The main purpose of this research was to diagnose dependences between the level of entrepreneurship and the business cycle phases on both the national and regional levels (NUTS 2). A correlation analysis was carried out using the entrepreneurship rate and the cyclical component of the real gross domestic product growth rate. The study covered the years 2005–2018. The results of the analysis did not provide the ground for drawing unambiguous conclusions about the relationships between the analysed variables. However, there is a weak positive correlation on the national level and certain positive relationships also appear on the regional level.
Keywords: Business cycle, entrepreneurship, push and pull, Poland, self-employment;
In horses with osteoarthritis is treatment with intra-articular polyacrylamide gel more likely to reduce the severity of clinical signs associated with lameness when compared to treatment with intra-articular corticosteroid?
Authors: Bowkett-Pritchard Constance
Published: January 2022

PICO question

In horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis, is treatment with intra-articular polyacrylamide gel more likely to reduce the severity of clinical signs associated with lameness when compared to treatment with intra-articular corticosteroid?

 

Clinical bottom line

Category of research question

Treatment

The number and type of study designs reviewed

Twelve studies; four case series, three uncontrolled prospective studies, one non-blinded, non-randomised control trial, one non-blinded randomised control trial, two systematic reviews and one systematic review and meta-analysis

Strength of evidence

Weak

Outcomes reported

Studies examined: Clinical signs relating to lameness after use of corticosteroid or polyacrylamide gel to treat osteoarthritis; improvement in lameness and treatment success (including return to work in some papers)

Conclusion

It is not possible to recommend one treatment over the other given the absence of studies which provide direct comparison. This highlights the need for further controlled and comparative studies

 

How to apply this evidence in practice

The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.

Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
El principio de legalidad en el estado social y democrático de derecho: la caducidad procesal en las acciones de reparación directa derivados del conflicto armado interno
Authors: Roncancio Bedoya Andres Felipe , Restrepo Marulanda Mariana
Published: January 2022

El presente articulo aborda una revisión alrededor de dos conceptos fundamentales para entender las dinámicas del derecho administrativo y el derecho constitucional, en donde se aborda a partir de los alcances del principio de legalidad si este ultimo integrado a un Estado constitucionalidad implica que el mismo sea considerado como un principio de constitucionalidad, frente al cual, una de las consideraciones tiene una determinación que afecta todas las instituciones dogmáticas del derecho administrativo, frente al cual se analiza si ello aplicado a una revisión de la caducidad procesal en los procesos de reparación directa derivados del conflicto armado interno, genera un condicionamiento que implica un proceso de constitucionalización, como consecuencia de esto, es necesario realizar una revisión y presupuestar las consecuencias de lo que ello genera para el ordenamiento jurídico interpretado a la luz de la constitución.
Perspectiva del fraude a subvención en el derecho colombiano: un análisis desde la función pública
Authors: Bernal Gómez Daniel Rigoberto , Díaz Bejarano Duván Stiven
Published: January 2022

La corrupción administrativa es un fenómeno recurrente en muchos ordenamientos jurídicos. En este sentido Colombia no escapa a estas desafortunadas maniobras realizadas por particulares y servidores públicos. El presente artículo es una revisión jurídica del fenómeno del fraude a subvención a través de la reflexión de este, usando el método sintético. Primero, haciendo una introducción al marco constitucional de separación de poderes del Estado de Derecho Colombiano y, segundo, tomando el referente doctrinal y de derecho comparado, para concluir con algunos precedentes jurisprudenciales de impacto al ordenamiento jurídico colombiano.
Analisis Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Berbasis Konstruktivisme di MAN 1 Pamekasan
Authors: Nurlaila Nurlaila , Muassomah Muassomah
Published: January 2022

Arabic learning is a subject that is rarely sought after by students so they find it difficult to understand. Therefore, teachers are required to choose the right approach in learning. This study intends to analyze and describe the Arabic learning process based on the constructivism approach and the inhibiting factors of this learning process. So that researcher in this study choses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. The data obtained were analyzed using interactive analysis. The results of this study stated that the constructivist learning model applied in Arabic learning at MAN 1 Pamekasan was a Learning Cycle Model. However, learning Arabic by using a constructivism approach in this school has not run optimally which is marked by the lack of student activity in learning activities, due to several factors, its are differences in the characteristics of each student, limited time to deliver learning material, lack of student interest in learning Arabic , the educational background of students before entering MAN 1 Pamekasan, the number of students in each class was uneven, there were many errors in the worksheet books, and the lack of facilities and pre-learning tools.

Keywords: Learning; Arabic Language; Constructivism; Learning Strategies