bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunoprofiling Identifies Functional B and T Cell Subsets Induced by an Attenuated Whole Parasite Malaria Vaccine as Correlates of Sterile Immunity
Authors: Mura Marie , Lu Pinyi , Atre Tanmaya , Bolton Jessica S. , Duncan Elizabeth H. , Chaudhury Sidhartha , Bergmann-Leitner Elke S.
Published: January 2022

Immune correlates of protection remain elusive for most vaccines. An identified immune correlate would accelerate the down-selection of vaccine formulations by reducing the need for human pathogen challenge studies that are currently required to determine vaccine efficacy. Immunization via mosquito-delivered, radiation-attenuated P. falciparum sporozoites (IMRAS) is a well-established model for efficacious malaria vaccines, inducing greater than 90% sterile immunity. The current immunoprofiling study utilized samples from a clinical trial in which vaccine dosing was adjusted to achieve only 50% protection, thus enabling a comparison between protective and non-protective immune signatures. In-depth immunoprofiling was conducted by assessing a wide range of antigen-specific serological and cellular parameters and applying our newly developed computational tools, including machine learning. The computational component of the study pinpointed previously un-identified cellular T cell subsets (namely, TNFα-secreting CD8+CXCR3−CCR6− T cells, IFNγ-secreting CD8+CCR6+ T cells and TNFα/FNγ-secreting CD4+CXCR3−CCR6− T cells) and B cell subsets (i.e., CD19+CD24hiCD38hiCD69+ transitional B cells) as important factors predictive of protection (92% accuracy). Our study emphasizes the need for in-depth immunoprofiling and subsequent data integration with computational tools to identify immune correlates of protection. The described process of computational data analysis is applicable to other disease and vaccine models.
Atypical Kawasaki Disease after COVID-19 Vaccination: A New Form of Adverse Event Following Immunization
Authors: Peralta-Amaro Ana Lilia , Tejada-Ruiz Melina Ivone , Rivera-Alvarado Karen Lilian , Cobos-Quevedo Orestes de Jesús , Romero-Hernández Patricia , Macías-Arroyo Wiliams , Avendaño-Ponce Alberto , Hurtado-Díaz Jorge , Vera-Lastra Olga , Lucas-Hernández Abihai
Published: January 2022

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a medium-vessel vasculitis that is typically presented during childhood; fewer than 100 cases of KD have been reported worldwide in adult patients who met the criteria according to the American College of Rheumatology. This study presents the case of an 18-year-old patient with no previous history of any disease, who presented atypical KD with liver and kidney dysfunction, with a good response to intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. The symptoms began 22 days after the application of the COVID-19 vaccine (nonreplicating viral vector Vaxzevria), and other conditions were ruled out. The term Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)encompasses all the reactions that follow the application of any vaccine with no necessary causal relationship and can be due to the vaccine product, quality of the vaccine, immunization errors, or anxiety or just happen to be coincident events. These reactions should be reported so that clinicians can identify compatible cases and consider that the presentation of this disease, despite being atypical, can be manifested in adult patients. Likewise, case reports are an important basis for the pharmacovigilance of vaccines.
Post-HPV-Vaccination Mast Cell Activation Syndrome: Possible Vaccine-Triggered Escalation of Undiagnosed Pre-Existing Mast Cell Disease?
Authors: Afrin Lawrence B. , Dempsey Tania T. , Weinstock Leonard B.
Published: January 2022

For nearly a decade, case reports and series have emerged regarding dysautonomias—particularly postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)—presenting soon after vaccination against human papilloma virus (HPV). We too have observed a number of such cases (all following vaccination with the Gardasil product), and have found several to have detectable mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) as well as histories suggesting that MCAS was likely present long before vaccination. We detail 11 such cases here, posing a hypothesis that HPV vaccination (at least with the Gardasil product) may have triggered or exacerbated MCAS in teenagers previously not recognized to have it. Only recently recognized, MCAS is being increasingly appreciated as a prevalent and chronic multisystem disorder, often emerging early in life and presenting with inflammatory ± allergic phenomena following from known mast cell (MC) mediator effects. There is rising recognition, too, of associations of MCAS with central and peripheral neuropathic disorders, including autonomic disorders such as POTS. Given the recognized potential for many antigens to trigger a major and permanent escalation of baseline MC misbehavior in a given MCAS patient, we hypothesize that in our patients described herein, vaccination with Gardasil may have caused pre-existing (but not yet clinically recognized) MCAS to worsen to a clinically significantly degree, with the emergence of POTS and other issues. The recognition and management of MCAS prior to vaccinations in general may be a strategy worth investigating for reducing adverse events following HPV vaccinations and perhaps even other types of vaccinations.
Low-Impact Development (LID) in Coastal Watersheds: Infiltration Swale Pollutant Transfer in Transitional Tropical/Subtropical Climates
Authors: Rech Aline , Pacheco Elisa , Caprario Jakcemara , Rech Julio Cesar , Finotti Alexandra Rodrigues
Published: January 2022

The control of runoff pollution is one of the advantages of low-impact development (LID) or sustainable drainage systems (SUDs), such as infiltration swales. Coastal areas may have characteristics that make the implementation of drainage systems difficult, such as sandy soils, shallow aquifers and flat terrains. The presence of contaminants was investigated through sampling and analysis of runoff, soil, and groundwater from a coastal region served by an infiltration swale located in southern Brazil. The swale proved to be very efficient in controlling the site’s urban drainage volumes even under intense tropical rainfall. Contaminants of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Fe, Mn and Ni were identified at concentrations above the Brazilian regulatory limit (BRL) in both runoff and groundwater. Soil concentrations were low and within the regulatory limits, except for Cd. The soil was predominantly sandy, with neutral pH and low ionic exchange capacity, characteristic of coastal regions and not very suitable for contaminant retention. Thus, this kind of structure requires improvements for its use in similar environments, such as the use of adsorbents in soil swale to increase its retention capacity.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the SED-BIO System in Reducing the Inflow of Selected Physical, Chemical and Biological Pollutants to a Lake
Authors: Kupiec Jerzy M. , Bednarek Agnieszka , Szklarek Sebastian , Mankiewicz-Boczek Joanna , Serwecińska Liliana , Dąbrowska Jolanta
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of the innovative SED-BIO system in limiting the inflow of pollutants to Jelonek Lake. The analyses were conducted in the Gniezno Lake District in Greater Poland (the western part of Poland). Physical and chemical analyses were conducted in the years 2016–2019. The results demonstrate that the system is highly effective in the reduction of such nutrients as nitrogen (NO3−—63%; NH4+—14.9%) and phosphorus (PO43−—19.3%). Although the presence of cyanobacteria was confirmed practically throughout the whole monitoring period of the system (2016), the specimens found in most samples were not toxigenic genotypes with a potential to produce microcystins. Microcystins (3 µg·L−1) were detected only once, immediately after the SED-BIO system had been installed in the river and pond, which demonstrates that this natural toxin was eliminated from the additional pool of contaminants that might be transported to Jelonek Lake.
Review on Methylene Blue: Its Properties, Uses, Toxicity and Photodegradation
Authors: Khan Idrees , Saeed Khalid , Zekker Ivar , Zhang Baoliang , Hendi Abdulmajeed H. , Ahmad Ashfaq , Ahmad Shujaat , Zada Noor , Ahmad Hanif , Shah Luqman Ali , Shah Tariq , Khan Ibrahim
Published: January 2022

The unavailability of clean drinking water is one of the significant health issues in modern times. Industrial dyes are one of the dominant chemicals that make water unfit for drinking. Among these dyes, methylene blue (MB) is toxic, carcinogenic, and non-biodegradable and can cause a severe threat to human health and environmental safety. It is usually released in natural water sources, which becomes a health threat to human beings and living organisms. Hence, there is a need to develop an environmentally friendly, efficient technology for removing MB from wastewater. Photodegradation is an advanced oxidation process widely used for MB removal. It has the advantages of complete mineralization of dye into simple and nontoxic species with the potential to decrease the processing cost. This review provides a tutorial basis for the readers working in the dye degradation research area. We not only covered the basic principles of the process but also provided a wide range of previously published work on advanced photocatalytic systems (single-component and multi-component photocatalysts). Our study has focused on critical parameters that can affect the photodegradation rate of MB, such as photocatalyst type and loading, irradiation reaction time, pH of reaction media, initial concentration of dye, radical scavengers and oxidising agents. The photodegradation mechanism, reaction pathways, intermediate products, and final products of MB are also summarized. An overview of the future perspectives to utilize MB at an industrial scale is also provided. This paper identifies strategies for the development of effective MB photodegradation systems.
SWOT-SOR Analysis of Activated Carbon-Based Technologies and O3/UV Process as Polishing Treatments for Hospital Effluent
Authors: Grillini Vittoria , Verlicchi Paola , Zanni Giacomo
Published: January 2022

The management and treatment of hospital wastewater are issues of great concern worldwide. Both in the case of a dedicated treatment or co-treatment with urban wastewater, hospital effluent is generally subjected to pre-treatments followed by a biological step. A polishing treatment is suggested to promote (and guarantee) the removal of micropollutants still present and to reduce the total pollutant load released. Activated carbon-based technologies and advanced oxidation processes have been widely investigated from technical and economic viewpoints and applied in many cases. In this study, the potential exploitation of these technologies for the polishing treatment of hospital effluent is investigated by combining a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis with a Strategic Orientation (SOR) analysis. This approach allows a coherent strategy to be extracted from the SWOT-SOR data, increasing the chances of success of each technology. It emerges that both technologies present relevant and sometimes similar strengths and can present opportunities. At the same time, activated carbon-based technologies are more likely to contain the main identified threats than O3/UV technology. The study also finds that, for both technologies, further research and development could improve their potential applications in the treatment of hospital wastewater.
Arsenic Accumulation and Biotransformation Affected by Nutrients (N and P) in Common Blooming-Forming Microcystis wesenbergii (Komárek) Komárek ex Komárek (Cyanobacteria)
Authors: Xiao Zhe , Li Xiaochuang , Huo Shouliang
Published: January 2022

Arsenic accumulation and biotransformation in algae was mostly carried out in a medium that contained far higher nutrient concentrations than that in natural freshwaters. The obtained results might have limited environmental validity and result in a failure to describe authentic arsenic biogeochemical cycles in natural freshwater systems. To validate the assumption, arsenic accumulation, and biotransformation in common bloom forming Microcystis wesenbergii was performed under a high nutrient concentration in BG11 medium (N = 250 mg/L, P = 7.13 mg/L), and adjusted low nutrients that mimicked values in natural freshwaters (N = 1.5 mg/L, P = 0.3 mg/L). The growth rate and maximum M. wesenbergii cell density were much lower in the high nutrient set, but more inhibition was shown with increasing ambient iAs(V) concentrations both in the high and low nutrient sets. The proportion of intracellular contents in total arsenicals decreased with increasing iAs(V) concentrations in both high and low nutrient sets but increased with incubation time. Intracellular iAs(III) was not found in the high nutrient set, while it formed high concentrations that could be comparable to that of an extracellular level in the low nutrient set. M. wesenbergii could methylate arsenic, and a higher proportion of organoarsenicals was formed in the low nutrient set. Lower intracellular MMA(V) and DMA(V) concentrations were found in the high nutrient set; contrarily, they presented a higher concentration that could be comparable to the extracellular ones in the low nutrient set. The results demonstrated that different nutrient regimes could affect arsenic accumulation and biotransformation in M. wesenbergii, and low nutrient concentrations could inhibit the excretion of iAs(III), MMA(V) and DMA(V) out of cells. Further investigations should be based on natural freshwater systems to obtain an authentic arsenic accumulation and biotransformation in cyanobacteria.
How to Implement User-Friendly BLMs in the Absence of DOC Monitoring Data: A Case Study on Bulgarian Surface Waters
Authors: Venelinov Tony , Tsakovski Stefan
Published: January 2022

The metal bioavailability concept is implemented in the Water Framework Directive (WFD) compliance assessment. The bioavailability assessment is usually performed by the application of user-friendly Biotic Ligand Models (BLMs), which require dissolved metal concentrations to be used with the “matching” data of the supporting physicochemical parameters of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), pH and Cadissolved. Many national surface water monitoring networks do not have sufficient matching data records, especially for DOC. In this study, different approaches for dealing with the missing DOC data are presented: substitution using historical data; the appropriate percentile of DOC concentrations; and combinations of the two. The applicability of the three following proposed substitution approaches is verified by comparison with the available matching data: (i) calculations from available TOC data; (ii) the 25th percentile of the joint Bulgarian monitoring network DOC data (measured and calculated by TOC); and (iii) the 25th percentile of the calculated DOC from the matching TOC data for the investigated surface water body (SWB). The application of user-friendly BLMs (BIO-MET, M-BAT and PNEC Pro) to 13 surface water bodies (3 reservoirs and 10 rivers) in the Bulgarian surface waters monitoring network outlines that the suitability of the substitution approaches decreases in order: DOC calculated by TOC > the use of the 25th percentile of the data for respective SWB > the use of the 25th percentile of the Bulgarian monitoring network data. Additionally, BIO-MET is the most appropriate tool for the bioavailability assessment of Cu, Zn and Pb in Bulgarian surface water bodies.
A Modified AVI Model for Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping: Case Studies in Southern Italy
Authors: Ducci Daniela , Sellerino Mariangela
Published: January 2022

Many methods for evaluating the aquifer’s vulnerability to pollution have been developed in the past four decades by using geographic information system (GIS) tools. However, even if the aquifer vulnerability concept is well defined and the methods have been constantly tested and compared, the problem of the choice of the best “standard” method remains. To meet these objectives, aquifer vulnerability maps are of crucial importance. The choice of method depends on several factors, including the scale of the project, the hydrogeological characteristics of the area, and data availability. Among the many methods, the AVI (Aquifer Vulnerability Index) method has been widely used as it considers only two physical parameters. The AVI Index represents the hydraulic resistance of an aquifer to vertical flow, as a ratio between the thickness of each sedimentary unit above the uppermost aquifer (D, length), and the estimated hydraulic conductivity (K, length/time) of each of these layers. The AVI Index has a time dimension and is divided into five classes. In order to avoid a widespread presence of the higher vulnerability classes, especially in shallow aquifers, the AVI classification has been modified using statistical methods. The study reports the application of the modified AVI method for groundwater pollution vulnerability, in three different areas of southern Italy, highlighting the limitations of the method in alluvial aquifers and the differences with other methods.
Evaluation of Soil Water Content Using SWAT for Southern Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Zare Mohammad , Azam Shahid , Sauchyn David
Published: January 2022

Soil water content (SWC) is one of the most important hydrologic variables; it plays a decisive role in the control of various land surface processes. We simulated SWC using a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in southern Saskatchewan. SWC was calibrated using measured data and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Level-4 for the surface (0–5 cm) SWC for hydrological response units (HRU) at daily and monthly (warm season) intervals for the years 2015 to 2020. We used the SUFI-2 technique in SWAT-CUP, and observed daily instrumented streamflow records, for calibration (1995 to 2004) and validation (2005–2010). The results reveal that the SWAT model performs well with a monthly PBIAS < 10% and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NS) and R2 ≥ 0.8 for calibration and validation. The correlation coefficient between ground measurement with SMAP and SWAT products are 0.698 and 0.633, respectively. Moreover, SMAP data of surface SWC coincides well with measurements in terms of both amount and trend compared with the SWAT product. The highest r value occurred in July when the mean r value in SWAT and SMAP were 0.87 to 0.84, and then in June for r value of 0.75. In contrast, the lowest values were in April and May (0.07 and 0.04, respectively) at the beginning of the growing season in southern Saskatchewan. Furthermore, calibration in the SWAT model is based on a batch form whereby parameters are adjusted to corresponding input by modifying simulations with observations. SWAT underestimates the abrupt increase in streamflow during the snowmelt months (April and May). This study achieved the objective of developing a SWAT model that simulates SWC in a prairie watershed, and, therefore, can be used in a subsequent phase of research to estimate future soil moisture conditions under projected climate changes.
Assessment of the Impact of Climate Extremes on the Groundwater of Eastern Croatia
Authors: Šperac Marija , Zima Jasna
Published: January 2022

This paper analyzes the groundwater in the deep Quaternary aquifer of Eastern Croatia. These waters are collected at the Vinogradi Pumping Station (Osijek, Croatia) for the needs of public water supply. This research aimed to assess the impact of climate extremes, namely, high air temperatures and low rainfall, on the quantity and quality of groundwater. On the basis of data from the Vinogradi Pumping Station in the period 1987–2015, three extremely warm and low-water years were singled out. For these three years, the following were analyzed: climate diagrams, groundwater levels (in the piezometers closest to and farthest from the pumping station), and the quality of the affected groundwater. The results of this research indicate that the reaction of aquifers to the analyzed extreme climatic conditions for the observed period was manifested in the variation of the amplitude of groundwater levels by a maximum of 4–5 m. Considering the total thickness of the affected layers (60–80 m), this variation is not a concern from the point of view of water supply. As for the quality of groundwater, it was found to be of constant quality in its composition and was not affected by climatic extremes.
Detecting the Quantitative Hydrological Response to Changes in Climate and Human Activities at Temporal and Spatial Scales in a Typical Gully Region of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Guo Peng , Lyu Jiqiang , Yuan Weining , Zhou Xiawan , Mo Shuhong , Mu Dengrui , Luo Pingping
Published: January 2022

This study examined the Chabagou River watershed in the gully region of the Loess Plateau in China’s Shaanxi Province, and was based on measured precipitation and runoff data in the basin over a 52-year period (1959–2010), land-use types, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and other data. Statistical models and distributed hydrological models were used to explore the influences of climate change and human activity on the hydrological response and on the temporal and spatial evolution of the basin. It was found that precipitation and runoff in the gully region presented a downward trend during the 52-year period. Since the 1970s, the hydrological response to human activities has become the main source of regional hydrological evolution. Evapotranspiration from the large silt dam in the study area has increased. The depth of soil water decreased at first, then it increased by amount that exceeded the evaporation increase observed in the second and third change periods. The water and soil conservation measures had a beneficial effect on the ecology of the watershed. These results provide a reference for water resource management and soil and water conservation in the study area.
Flow Intermittency Affects Leaf Decomposition and Benthic Consumer Communities of Alpine Streams: A Case Study along the Po River
Authors: Gruppuso Laura , Doretto Alberto , Falasco Elisa , Fenoglio Stefano , Freppaz Michele , Benbow Mark Eric , Bona Francesca
Published: January 2022

Streams and rivers are becoming increasingly intermittent in Alpine regions due to the global climate change and related increases of local water abstractions, making it fundamental to investigate the occurrence of supraseasonal drying events and their correlated effects. We aimed to investigate leaf litter decomposition, the C:N ratio of the litter, and changes in associated macroinvertebrate communities in three reaches of the Po River: One upstream, consistently perennial, a perennial mid-reach with high hydrological variability, and an intermittent downstream reach. We placed leaf litter bags of two leaf types—chestnut and oak; both showed comparable decomposition rates, but the remaining litter mass was different and was attributed to the C:N ratio and palatability. Furthermore, (1) in perennial reaches, leaf litter decomposed faster than in the intermittent ones; (2) in intermittent reaches, the C:N ratio showed a decreasing trend in both leaf types, indicating that drying affected the nitrogen consumption, therefore the conditioning phase; (3) associated macroinvertebrate communities were richer and more stable in perennial reaches, where a higher richness and abundance of EPT taxa and shredders was observed. Our results suggest that the variations in the hydrology of mountain streams caused by global climate change could significantly impact on functional processes and biodiversity of benthic communities.
Experience in organizing exercise therapy service in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors:   State Medical Institution RB RVFD, Ufa, Garaev Ruslan Ralifovich
Published: January 2022

The history of the development of sports medicine is closely connected with the growth and development of physical culture and sports. At the end of the 40s, medical control took shape as a state system of medical support for physical education and sports, and in 1951 the Ministry of Health of the USSR issued an order on the organization of medical and physical education dispensaries. They began to open in all the republics of the USSR, regions, large cities and districts of Russia. In November 1952, the Republican Medical and Physical Education Dispensary was organized in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa. The authors of the article share their experience in organizing the medical and physical education service of the Republic of Bashkortostan at the present stage.
Features of the course of coronavirus infection in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors:   Service for the Organization of Medical Care, FSBI Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Klimov Vladimir Anatolievich
Published: January 2022

Diabetesmellitus, overweight and the age of a patient over 65 years old are identified by clinicians as themain factors that can complicate the course of the coronavirus infection and increase the likelihood of fatal outcome. Although in the general human population mortality from coronavirus fluctuateswithin 3–5 %, sometimes very significantly differing in individual countries, this level can reach 15–25 % among patientswith diabetes, especially for those receiving insulin therapy. Diabetes mellitus as a concomitant disease in COVID-19 is considered one of the most significant risk factors for the development of adverse outcomes due to a more severe course of infection in conditions of hyperglycemia and other aggravating factors.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the practice of a family doctor
Authors:   Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University, Skvortsov Vsevolod Vladimirovich , Zadumina Dariya Nikolaevna ,   Faculty of General Medicine, FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Skvortsova Ekaterina Mikhailovna ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University, Tinaeva Ekaterina Mikhailovna ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University
Published: January 2022

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease of unknown etiology, mainly characterized by a progressive deterioration in lung function due to active fibrosis. It is a variant of chronic progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia. The disease most often occurs between the ages of 50 and 70. According to the disease register in the Russian Federation, the prevalence of the disease in the Russian Federation is 4-7 people per hundred thousand of the population [1].Worldwide, the IPF incidence, prevalence and mortality increases over time [2, 3]. In a systematic review of the study by Hutchinson et al. [2] based on data on IPF morbidity and mortality in 21 countries between 1968 and 2012, it was determined that both morbidity and mortality have increased worldwide since 2000.
Issues of medical examination and selection of citizens for military service under a contract in Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Department of Disaster Medicine, FSBEI HE Orenburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kuzmin Sergey Aleksandrovich , Grigorieva Lyubov Kuzminichna ,   Department of Disaster Medicine, FSBEI HE Orenburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Mirzaeva Margarita Vadimovna ,   Department of Disaster Medicine, FSBEI HE Orenburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Published: January 2022

In the context of the reform of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and a significant increase in the proportion of military personnel doing military service under contract, the issues of manning the troops with healthy, physically developed citizens with high moral and business qualities are of paramount importance. Of particular importance in the selection of candidates for military service under the contract is the conduct of laboratory and instrumental studies, professional and psychological selection, determination of the level of citizens’ physical fitness. The Federal Law «On Military Duty and Military Service» defines a two-stage system for medical examination of citizens entering military service under contract, which is necessary as a barrier in order to prevent citizenswho do not meet the necessary requirements for military personnel from entering the Russian Armed Forces. At the first stage (preliminary examination), the military and medical examination of citizens was carried out by specialist doctors working in medical organizations of the outpatient-polyclinic link of municipalities at the place of citizens’ permanent residence. Medical specialists of the regular military medical commission of the military commissariat of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation participated in the second stage (final examination) of the military medical examination. During the five-year period under study, 5,133 citizens (72.9 %) were selected out of 7,043 candidates for military service under contract, who fully met all the criteria for defenders of the Fatherland.
Coronary heart disease
Authors:   Regional Clinical Hospital, Khabarovsk, Gulyabin Konstantin Robertovich
Published: January 2022

Coronary heart disease is of great clinical importance in medical practice. The development of medical science makes it possible to introduce new modern methods of treating this disease. One of these is coronary artery bypass grafting, a modern method of treating coronary heart disease, which allows to reliably increase myocardial perfusion and prolong the life expectancy of patients with coronary heart disease.
Breeding control of milk quality as a tool for evaluation the breeding value of animals
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “State Agrarian University of Northern Trans-Urals”, Russia, Tyumen, Chasovshchikova M. A. , Kovaleva О. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “State Agrarian University of Northern Trans-Urals”, Russia, Tyumen, Gubanov M. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “State Agrarian University of Northern Trans-Urals”, Russia, Tyumen, Ponomareva E. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “State Agrarian University of Northern Trans-Urals”, Russia, Tyumen, Kostomakhin N. M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev”, Russia, Moscow
Published: January 2022

The modern system for the breeding value evaluation of animals consists of phenotypic and genotypic traits on the basis of which the indices of breeding value are calculated. Relying on genetic factors, the share of influence of which, for example, on dairy productivity is 25-30 %, it is possible not only to assess the breeding value, but also to improve the herd according to the necessary parameters. However, the complexity of using genomic selection is due to the fact that milk productivity itself largely depends on environmental factors. In order to automate and accelerate work with the herd as well as to obtain reliable parameters of milk productivity, there are different mechanisms; one of these is the breeding control of milk quality. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of automating the collection of milk quality data when evaluating the breeding value of animals. The proposed tool in the form of a laboratory for milk quality control allows us to use information not only at the level of a Regional Information and Breeding Center, as a data integrator in the region, but also by breeds, Associations, Unions, laboratories, as well as transfer ready-made data to Associations, Unions, government agencies. The dependence of the variability of quantitative traits on the genetic characteristics of breeds, the effects of environmental factors and interactions between them indicates the limited potential effectiveness of genomic breeding in order to increase the efficiency of animal husbandry. Therefore, without the possibility of obtaining phenotypic data and data on productivity indicators, it is not only impossible to develop our own Russian index of breeding value of animals, but also the system for evaluation breeding value at all.
Modern methods of research of reproductive organs of mares in pedigree horse breeding
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “All-Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Horse Breeding”, Russia, Ryazan region, Rybnovsky area, Divovo, Dubrovskaya A. B.
Published: January 2022

The most important aspect of herd reproduction in horse breeding is the quality of the breeding nucleus of the breeding stock. Currently, the system of domestic comprehensive reproductive evaluation includes five main methods such as rectal, ultrasound, vaginal, cytological and bacteriological studies of the genital tract of mares, which precede visual examination of the external genitalia and the collection of information about the reproductive history of the mare. The purpose of the work is to give an overview and description of the methods of comprehensive evaluation of the reproductive status of mares, which are used in modern pedigree horse breeding. The methods of reproductive evaluation of mares, gives the main advantages of each method and their predictive value when used comprehensively to increase the level of reproduction in the industry have been described in the article. It has been carried out that a complete reproductive evaluation of mares is necessary in rare and complex cases. However, the use of methods of rectal, vaginoscopic, ultrasound, cytological and bacteriological diagnostics of the genital tract of mares is quite within the power of veterinarians and breeding specialists and they are available under production conditions. Their application requires skills in the technical side of the issue and the established system for the prompt dispatch of biomaterial to the nearest, but reliable veterinary or medical bacteriological laboratory. It is well known that even in small horse breeding farms of the Russian Federation, there are currently means and opportunities for the qualitative evaluation of the reproductive system of mares.
Concept of searching for anchor goods based on the study of commodity indices
Authors:   SHFM, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (RANEPA), Russia, Moscow, Vodyanova Vera Vladimirovna , Rublyova Elena Aleksandrovna ,   The Research Institute Innovative Financial Instruments and Technologies, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Russia, Moscow, Dmitriev Daniil Dmitrievich ,   Higher School of Finance and Management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (RANEPA), Russia, Moscow
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the search for anchor goods — goods whose prices are forming for the prices of groups of goods. The role of the desired anchor product is similar to the role of the anchor currency. The identification of such anchors will allow us to understand the pricing structure, which is presumably of a self-affinity nature. The authors believe that there are several options for why a particular product becomes an anchor: historical, cultural or economic. To identify the main requirements for the anchor product, the behavior and dynamics of price changes of goods included in the CRB index were analyzed. Attention to this index is due, firstly, to its complex but significant role in setting exchange rates, and secondly, its role in analyzing world markets. The CRB index is an indicator of trends in the global commodity market. It displays all the movements and changes in the structure of the world commodity market. The characteristic patterns in the behavior of the goods in question are revealed. Typical phase portraits of their relational series for CRB index products have been revealed. The goods included in the CRB index were regrouped according to the similarity of their behavior relative to each other. Four groups were obtained, within each of which phase portraits of relational time series based on a pair of goods have a similar appearance. Reference phase portraits are described. The basic rules of the anchor product search are formulated based on the study of goods included in the selected commodity index. The conceptual proposals for the search for anchor goods using commodity indexes are formulated Based on the proposed approach, some products were investigated and their ability to play the role of an anchor was evaluated.
FLEXIBLE COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES BASED ON GAS TURBINE ENGINES WITH REHEATING OF GAS BEFORE THE POWER TURBINE
Authors: MATVIIENKO V.T. , DOLOGLONYAN A.V. , OCHERETYANYI V.A.
Published: January 2022

Presents results of a study of the cogeneration gas turbine with reheating of gas before power turbine and turbo-compressor utilizer (TCU). It is shown that the use of an overexpansion turbine in the composition of TCU with reheating of gas increases the specific power by more than 1.5 times, while the efficiency increases by 10...15%. By controlling the temperature of the gas behind the combustion chambers in variable modes, the energy flows produced by the cogeneration gas-turbine are controlled.
WIND WHEEL MATHEMATICAL MODELING WITH ADAPTIVELY VARIABLE MOMENT OF INERTIA
Authors: RYZHENKO P.I. , POLYAKOV R.N.
Published: January 2022

The article discusses a mathematical model of a wind wheel, developed to conduct qualitative research on the dynamics of rotation of a wind wheel with an adaptively variable moment of inertia (AVMI). The blades of the wind wheel are equipped with internal weights that change the inertia of the wind wheel. The inertia of this system self-regulates by changing the position of the weights, i.e. from the center of the axis of rotation to the tip of the blades. The system of equations of the AVMI system has been compiled. Simulation of various scenarios demonstrates how this self-regulating system works. The developed adaptive system of the wind wheel increases the energy efficiency of the wind power plant (WPP) by 10-20%, by compensating for the losses of kinetic energy of the wind, by changing the inertia of the wind wheel and its ability to minimize power fluctuations, and also operate in the flywheel mode.
THE RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGY FOR MANUFACTURING RING-TYPE PARTS BY THE COMPRESSION METHOD
Authors: LAVRINENKO V.Yu. , POLYAKOV A.O.
Published: January 2022

On the basis of the developed methodology for designing technological processes for producing annular parts by compression, technological processes for manufacturing parts "Flange" and "Thrust ring" have been developed, which make it possible to increase the material utilization factor and reduce material consumption. A comparative analysis of material utilization factor in the manufacture of ring parts by punching and punching rings with punching and punching of an oval blank and subsequent compression.
FORECAST OF DETAIL CRACK STRENGTH AFTER ITS MACHINING
Authors: NEMENKO A.V. , NIKITIN M.M.
Published: January 2022

A method is proposed for predicting the probability of cracking in a machined part during its further operation. A model of accumulation of defects in multistage processing is considered, in which information on their number at a fixed stage is available only by indirect parameters. To describe the processing process, a hidden Markov model with a discrete time and a continuous variable is used, in the role of which is a rheological parameter that determines fracturing. This parameter in the model is considered as hidden, only the signal coming from the control and measuring equipment at the end of the next stage of processing is considered available. The resulting hidden model is investigated for a random walk of the rheological parameter between two absorbing levels corresponding to the events of manufacturing a crack-resistant part and obtaining unrecoverable defects by the workpiece during processing. The proposed approach can be applied to both fatigue cracks and cracks of a different physical nature.
ANALYSIS OF STABILITY OF MOTION AND FORCED OSCILLATIONS OF COMPOSITE FIN PROPULSION SYSTEM
Authors: KOVAL K.A. , SUKHORUKOV A.L.
Published: January 2022

The motion equations of flapping elements of composite fin propulsion system were derived using Vittenburgs approach. These equations were linearized and used in the development of mathematical model which is capable of analysis of stability of motion and forced oscillations of such constructions in liquid flow. Critical flow velocity was calculated using numerical simulation: motion of considered configuration of composite fin propulsion system becomes instable for cases corresponding values of flow velocities above critical. Forced oscillations analysis of the construction reveals that maximum of amplitudes of related elements appears when operating frequency of main elements oscillations coincides with composite fin propulsion system natural frequency. This case seems to be the most interesting for further exploration with actual CFD methods for calculating hydrodynamic and propulsive characteristics of the propulsive system.
ALGORITHM FOR CORRECTING THE GEOTECHNICAL SYSTEM MODEL
Authors: PANKINA E.S. , DOROFEEV N.V.
Published: January 2022

The article considers an algorithm for obtaining an individual model of a geotechnical system based on its basic model. The correction of the basic model is carried out based on the results of the evaluation of the informative value of the parameters of the geotechnical system based on the neural network approach. The article describes the existing neural network algorithms for selecting informative features. The proposed neural network algorithm is based on the results of preliminary statistical data processing, the generated parameters of the control object model, and the obtained bifurcation parameters. Based on the results of the proposed algorithm, it is possible to determine the key placement points of the sensors of the collection system, correct the parameters of the collection and the individual model of the geotechnical system. The article also provides a practical approbation of the developed algorithm for geotechnical monitoring of a three–story building. The results of the audit show an improvement in the quality of the monitoring system due to earlier detection of destructive processes.
REDUCING OF DYNAMICAL LOAD IN VEHICLE TRANSMISSION BY THE PART WITH CONTROLLED ELASTIC–DAMPING CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: GODZHAEV Z.A. , SHEKHOVTSOV V.V. , LIASHENKO M.V. , ISKALIEV A.I. , ENRIQUEZ S.J.E.
Published: January 2022

This paper describes the technical solution of the elastic coupling proposed by authors. This coupling is designed to reduce dynamic load in a vehicle transmission into wide amplitudes range and specter of variable loads. The coupling uses the serpentine spring with progressive nonlinear elastic characteristic as the elastic element. The elastic characteristic provides reducing of dynamic load in transmission of a vehicle at loading regimes with high dynamic factor. Acting load at transmission parts sufficiently exceeds a nominal calculated load at these regimes. Besides progressive nonlinear characteristic the coupling has damping features which also increase nonlinearly at increasing of variable loads amplitudes in the transmission part where the coupling is installed. Increasing of amplitudes of variable loads leads to automatic increasing of number of used friction pairs in the coupling and total friction area. Thus the coupling structure provides the automatic control of its elastic–damping characteristics which adaptively changes in accordance with load regimes. This feature provides maximal reducing of transmission dynamic load.
TEST STAND FOR VIBRATION ISOLATORS OF VEHICLE CABIN SUSPENSION
Authors: GODZHAEV Z.A. , SHEKHOVTSOV V.V. , LIASHENKO M.V. , ISKALIEV A.I. , POTAPOV P.V.
Published: January 2022

Modern vehicles includes a cabin suspension that provides reducing of amplitudes of vibration impacts on the cabin and if possible absorption of vibration energy portion. The cabin suspension includes vibration isolators which have various constructions and operation principles: mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic and combined mechanisms. Stand tests provides evaluation of vibration isolators ability to reduce amplitudes of impacts on the cabin from the vehicle frame down to a necessary level during normative lifetime. This paper presents the description of the tests stand for life tests of a vehicle cabin suspension created in VSTU. Vibration isolators of a vehicles cabin suspension are impacted by loads from vertical, longitudinal– and lateral–angular cabin vibrations during exploitation. At this all load impacts have various amplitudes and time profiles. Proposed test stand provides reproduction of operational load regimes for vibration isolators testing by scheme of the loading device. This device consists of three controlled electric motors which are oriented in vertical, longitudinal and lateral axial directions and cam eccentrics mounted on motors shafts. These eccentrics may have different or similar profiles and provides impact on the loading platform. So it is possible to reproduce operational loads from vertical, longitudinal– and lateral–angular cabin vibrations on tested vibration isolators at that vibrations may have various amplitudes, frequencies and time profiles for every load impact to increase reliability of the test results.
INFLUENCE OF INITIAL PARAMETERS ERRORS ON THE CONTROLLED OBJECT MOTION
Authors: VARMINSKAYA N.I.
Published: January 2022

Various types of motion controls for the elastic object are considered. When analyzing the dynamics of an object in relative motion, attention is drawn to the possibility of reducing the level of oscillations due to the timing of the translational movement. It is shown that inaccuracies in setting the initial control parameters entail significant deviations from the desired position at the end of the motion. The graphical representation of the relative motion dynamics allows one to assess the effect of deviations in achieving the projected final state. The graphics of the translational and relative motion reflect the characteristic features of the elastic object dynamics.
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES OF REVERSE TURNING METHOD FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
Authors: SMOLENTSEV E.V. , YATSENKO S.N. , KONDRATYEV M.V. , GRITSYUK V.G. , KROKHIN D.E.
Published: January 2022

This article describes a new method for turning a cylindrical surface of a part with the flank of a cutting insert. A comparative analysis of the classic turning and the "back turning" method from the point of view of the field of rational use and combined use is given. A finite element calculation of deformations and internal stresses was carried out to compare deformations and stresses in the holder–cutting plate–part system.
RESEARCH OF LIQUID CIRCULATION PROCESSES IN A MANIFOLD WITH A HYDRODYNAMIC CIRCUIT
Authors: BURKOV D.V. , BURKOVA E.V. , ABLAYEV A.R.
Published: January 2022

The use of alternative energy sources as one of the ways to reduce the anthropogenic impact on the Earths climate. A scheme of a thermal accumulator of solar energy based on the use of solar collectors is proposed. A mathematical analysis of the thermal regime of the quarry basin, which is a heat accumulator, is carried out using the method of the space of state variables. The dependence of the fluid flow rate at the inlet to the collector pipe on the temperature in the battery is presented.
CREATION PRINCIPLES OF CASCADING SEASONAL SOLAR STATIONS FOR HOT–WATER SUPPLY
Authors: BURKOVA E.V. , GORBATYKH O.I. , BURKOV D.V.
Published: January 2022

In the paper the development capability of cascading seasonal solar stations for hot–water supply is concerned. The sheme of such stations and estimate methods of efficiency for every cascade and for solar station in general are suggested.