bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Curso de francês do projeto formação em línguas para fins acadêmicos: Considerações sobre os materiais didáticos e suas contribuições metodológicas
Authors: Fernandes Vailatti Teurra
Published: July 2021

Neste estudo, analisamos materiais didáticos elaborados pelos professores em formação do Curso de Francês, ofertado durante o ano letivo de 2012, pelo projeto de extensão Formação em Línguas para Fins Acadêmicos (IFA), da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). A partir da análise qualitativa, interpretativa e documental dos programas de formação, dos materiais didáticos e de textos diretivos complementares, retomamos aspectos da estrutura das Unidades Temáticas e da exploração pedagógica dos textos autênticos. Ainda, apresentamos as contribuições metodológicas dos materiais, sobretudo em comparação com a estrutura comum aos livros didáticos de Francês Língua Estrangeira (FLE), que seguem a abordagem comunicativa. A discussão está fundamentada nos conceitos de enunciado e de gêneros discursivos da teoria bakhtiniana de linguagem (BAKHTIN, 1992, 1998; VOLÓCHINOV, 2017) e em conceitos da Didática de Ensino de Línguas (PUREN, 1988; CUQ; GRUCA, 2005; TILIO, 2013; ROJO, 2013). Formalizar um estudo a partir desse recorte promove um diálogo com outras investigações da área e contribui para a estruturação de cursos que busquem se inspirar nesta proposta ou que já se assemelhem a ela, seja na UFPR ou em outras instituições de ensino superior.
Que tal uma pausa para um "Café Cultural"? Interculturalidade e (trans)formações de identidades de professores de línguas
Authors: Walesko Angela Maria Hoffmann , Portinho-Nauiack Catarina
Published: July 2021

Este artigo objetiva discutir (trans)formações identitárias de professores de línguas a partir de interações interculturais vivenciadas com falantes nativos de contextos culturais diversos. Para isso, tem como recorte experiências entre professores de inglês em formação inicial e falantes nativos dessa língua durante as edições de 2017 a 2020 do evento de extensão “Café Cultural” na Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), em Curitiba (Paraná). Este estudo, qualitativo e de cunho etnográfico, relaciona esse cenário empírico a concepções teóricas bakhtinianas de língua como discurso e prática social, de ensino-aprendizagem de Inglês como Língua Franca (ILF) e o mito do “falante-nativo”, bem como de interculturalidade e translinguismo e de crenças e identidades docentes. Apresenta, como resultados iniciais, nossas percepções, como professoras-formadoras, sobre como determinadas interações no evento quebraram estereótipos e desmistificaram crenças, formando e transformando o modo como os professores participantes concebiam a língua inglesa e seus falantes nativos e como se identificavam enquanto docentes de inglês. O estudo ressalta, ainda, a importância da promoção de oportunidades de diálogo intercultural entre professores em formação e falantes nativos em busca da legitimação de linguascultura diversas em prol de uma educação em línguas cada vez mais ética e cidadã.
10 anos do IFA-FIVU: Uma história tecida a muitas mãos
Authors: Picanço Deise Cristina de Lima , Walesko Angela Maria Hoffmann , Marques Julio
Published: July 2021

A internacionalização das instituições públicas de ensino superior tem sido um importante desafio diante de um processo de globalização do consumo e das comunicações, que criou diferentes formas de socialização tornando urgente compreendermos seus efeitos sobre vários aspectos da vida social, em especial dos anos de vida acadêmica dos nossos estudantes. Portanto é preciso refletir sobre os modos como os discursos se organizam, muitas vezes reiterando ideologias hegemônicas, regulando performances identitárias e naturalizando relações de poder. Esses dez anos de práticas e de formação docente nos impelem a um momento de reflexão sobre os avanços, as fragilidades, os desafios e as conquistas alcançadas na docência, na academia, nas ciências, e também sobre o momento sócio-histórico-político que vivemos. Esse é o propósito deste dossiê: abrir espaço para que aqueles que vivenciaram, como parte de seu cotidiano formativo, as ações do projeto, possam realizar uma reflexão sobre os aspectos linguísticos, culturais, identitários e institucionais que os afetaram nesse período. Esperamos que essas reflexões tragam para os leitores a possibilidade de conhecer esse trabalho extensionista e formativo em suas mais variadas facetas, ajudando assim a compor um amplo espectro de possibilidades de atuação nas áreas de educação, linguística aplicada e formação de professores.
Online Proctoring of High-Stakes English Language Examinations: A Survey of Past Candidates’ Attitudes and Perceptions
Authors: Coniam David , Lampropoulou Leda , Cheilari Angeliki
Published: July 2021

This paper reports reactions by candidates to the use of online proctoring (OLP), ‘invigilation’, in the delivery of high-stakes English language examinations. 

The paper first sets the scene in terms of the move from face-to-face to online modes of delivery. It explores the challenges and benefits that both modes offer, in terms of accessibility, fairness, security and cheating.

Evidence is then presented from a survey exploring the reactions to and perceptions of OLP by candidates who had taken an English language examination via OLP. A strong endorsement of OLP was generally recorded. Feedback revealed that respondents perceived OLP to be a more personal as well as a more efficient way of taking a test. Some pertinent negative comments from a smaller number of respondents could be construed as constructive and are also discussed. The results are indicative of a broad acceptance of OLP, pointing to strong future uptake of the OLP mode of test delivery. 

 
Investigating University Students’ Views on Distance Education at Associate Degree Level
Authors: ÖZ Recep
Published: July 2021

The study aimed to determine the associate degree students’ views on the dimensions of personal suitability, effectiveness, teaching, and predisposition towards teaching offered in distance education environments and examine whether their views differed significantly according to gender, class, and vocational school type.

The data of the study were collected from 2061 students studying in vocational schools of a state university located in eastern Turkey. All students in the study population were aimed to be reached; however, 2061 out of 2963 students who participated voluntarily and answered all the questions were included. Among these 2061 students, 1152 were male and 909 were female. When classified according to school type, 1429 participants were studying at vocational schools, 401 at health, 136 at justice, and 95 were studying at tourism. Learners’ Views on Distance Education Scale (LVoDE) was used as the data collection tool. LVODE included 18 items and four factors as personal appropriateness, effectiveness, informativeness and predisposition. The scale was on 5-point Likert rating scale ranging from 1 to 5 indicating 1 (never agree), 2 (rarely agree), 3 (sometimes agree), 4 (usually agree), 5 (always agree). The reliability coefficients of the scale including four sub-dimensions as personal suitability, effectiveness, teaching, and predisposition varied between .81 and .91. The descriptive statistics were used to ascertain the opinions on the sub-dimensions of personal appropriateness, effectiveness, informativeness and predisposition offered to students in distance education environments. A factorial ANOVA test was performed for independent samples to check whether students’ views on teaching offered in distance education settings differed significantly according to gender, grade level, and type of school. According to the research results, it was noticed that the students did not find themselves sufficient for distance education activities in terms of personal convenience and effectiveness and thought that face-to-face education was more effective than distance education. They regarded themselves insufficient in completing their homework and similar tasks given during their online classes by teachers. There was no significant difference in views of the students upon distance education in terms of both gender and grade levels. However, a significant difference was found in their views on distance education according to the types of vocational schools. The opinions of the students studying in health and justice vocational schools were found to be at a more positive level than the ones enrolled in hotel and tourism vocational schools.
VR-Technology in Teaching: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Graeske Caroline , Sjöberg Sofia Aspling
Published: July 2021

Use of virtual reality (VR) to teach in upper-secondary schools has become more common during recent years. This article discusses the implementation and testing of VR to teach Swedish in upper-secondary school, a pilot study carried out during the 2020/2021. The purpose of this study is to investigate how VR can be used to teach Swedish, what possibilities and challenges arise from using VR as a learning resource. The method used was inspired by action-based research, where teachers and researchers together, in a symmetrical and complementary approach, explore and evaluate an action. Central theoretical perspectives were TPACK-competences and design principles for gamified learning. The results indicate that students’ motivation increases by possibilities to co-create, co-design and customize their own learning, where the students solve problems and consider and reflect on their own learning. Both students and teachers point out didactical potentials and explain that VR technology offers many opportunities, but cannot exist on its own. It must function in accordance with the curriculum and regulatory documents of the educational institution.
Hoe SyRI het belang van transparantie onderstreept
Authors: Selbach Tosja , Brink Barbara
Published: July 2021

How SyRI stresses the importance of transparency

The Dutch digital fraud detection system SyRI was announced to set up to detect social security fraud quickly and effectively and by doing so, maintain support for the social security system. It was the formal position that for the sake of effectiveness, no information about the algorithm and very limited information about the application of the system should be shared. The authors argue on the basis of a policy analysis, a legal exploration and a literature study that the lack of transparency about the chosen method and the application of the digital fraud detection system in social security can have far-reaching consequences for both the individual and society . The information sharing and the use of algorithms can lead to suspicion of and declining confidence in the government, and a reduced motivation to comply with the prevailing rules. This could undermine the original purpose.
Welke overheid na Fantoomgroei?
Authors: La Grouw Yvonne , van Ostaijen Mark
Published: July 2021

R&D

Reflection and debate initiates academically inspired discussions on issues that are on the current policy agenda.
Wie ontbindt zijn duivels?
Authors: Noten Hendrik
Published: July 2021

R&D

Reflection and debate initiates academically inspired discussions on issues that are on the current policy agenda.
Niet politici maar praktisch wijze professionals wijzen de weg naar fundamentele veranderingen
Authors: Albers Sophie
Published: July 2021

R&D

Reflection and debate initiates academically inspired discussions on issues that are on the current policy agenda.
Cancelverhalen: maak het nog wat enger dan die ene slechterik
Authors: La Grouw Yvonne
Published: July 2021

The blind spot

The most relevant part of a discussion is not what is discussed but what cannot be spoken of. The real taboos are those for which it is taboo to call them taboos. The status quo defines itself as non-ideological while denouncing any challenge to itself as radical.

Therefore the column ‘De blinde vlek’ frames the framers, politicizes the status quo and articulates what is not heard of.
Knowledge, utilization and barriers of cervical cancer screening among women attending selected district hospitals in Kigali - Rwanda
Authors: Niyonsenga Gaudence , Gishoma Darius , Sego Ruth , Uwayezu Marie Goretti , Nikuze Bellancille , Fitch Margaret , Igiraneza Pierre Céléstin
Published: July 2021

Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer attacking women globally, and the second in Eastern Africa where Rwanda is located. Regular screening is an effective prevention approach for cervical cancer. Despite that, the screening rate for cervical cancer in Africa is estimated between 10% and 70%, with a number of barriers. This is especially the case in sub-Saharan Africa. In Rwanda, there is limited literature on the rate of use of screening services or the barriers to cervical screening. Objective: To assess knowledge, utilization, and barriers of cervical cancer screening among women attending selected district hospitals in Kigali, Rwanda. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with a structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Nominal ‘yes’ or ‘no’ questions were used to gather data on knowledge and utilisation of cervical cancer and its screening. Likert-type scale questions were used to identify different barriers to screening services. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Respondents were selected by systematic random sampling from the database of women attending gynaecology services at three district hospitals in Kigali, Rwanda. Results: Three hundred and twenty-nine women responded to the survey. Half of the respondents (n = 165) had high knowledge level scores on cervical cancer screening. The cervical cancer screening rate was 28.3%. Utilization of screening was associated with knowledge (P = 0.000, r = -0.392) and selected demographic factors (P = 0.000). Individual barriers included poor knowledge on availability of screening services, community barriers included living in a rural area, and health provider and systems barriers included lack of awareness campaigns, negative attitudes of healthcare providers toward clients, and long waiting times; all barriers limit the access to screening services. Conclusion: A low rate of cervical cancer screening was identified for women attending selected district hospitals in Kigali-Rwanda due to various barriers. On-going education on cervical cancer and its screening is highly recommended. It is important that trained health providers encourage their clients to have cervical cancer screening and work to reduce related barriers.
Validação de arcabouço de WoT para uma assistente virtual
Authors: Carpi Miguel de Mello , de Carvalho Junior Antonio Deusany , Goldman Alfredo
Published: July 2021

O projeto A.D.A. (Assistente Distribuída Avançada) tem como objetivo desenvolver uma assistente pessoal capaz de interagir com o usuário por meio de comandos por voz e executá-los em diferentes dispositivos da Internet das Coisas (IoT). Entretanto, devido à heterogeneidade de dispositivos IoT, cada um com seus meios e protocolos de comunicação próprios, a tarefa de gerenciá-los se torna difícil. Visando resolver ou amenizar esse problema, vários arcabouços (frameworks) foram propostos e estudados ao longo do tempo. Neste trabalho, validamos a integração do framework Web of Things (WoT) na A.D.A., mostrando como ele lida com o problema de heterogeneidade e como podemos utilizá-lo.
A utilização de VPN para integrar WoT em uma assistente virtual
Authors: Laurindo Julianne Amanda de Sá , de Carvalho Junior Antonio Deusany , Goldman Alfredo
Published: July 2021

O Gateway Mozilla Webthings possui uma limitação: só é possível controlar dispositivos que pertencem à mesma rede de Internet, ou seja, utilizando uma rede local. Neste trabalho resolvemos esta limitação através de uma rede local virtual, uma VPN, e incorporamos uma assistente pessoal, A.D.A., ao ambiente. A VPN escolhida e avaliada durante esta pesquisa foi baseada no OpenVPN. Com isso, validamos uma possível solução para a integração de Web of Things na A.D.A. em ambientes distribuídos com resultados promissores.
Implementação e Comparação de Ferramentas de Programação para Memória Persistente
Authors: Guirelli Henrique , Francesquini Emilio , Baldassin Alexandro
Published: July 2021

Esse artigo aborda o desenvolvimento e análise comparativa da interface de programação de duas bibliotecas. A biblioteca fstream amplamente utilizada no C++ e PMDK, biblioteca criada pela Intel para facilitar o desenvolvimento de sistemas utilizando memória persistente e arquivos mapeados em memória. A utilização do fstream foi simples, a biblioteca foi utilizada para serializar os dados em formato binário. Em contrapartida o desenvolvimento com o PMDK exigiu mais esforço. O desenvolvimento foi afetado por falta de suporte a tipos complexos como string, que exigiu a criação de uma camada intermediária. Neste artigo relatamos a experiência de uso dessas ferramentas e evidenciamos as dificuldades encontradas.
Overview of PCR Methods Applied for the Identification of Freshwater Toxigenic Cyanobacteria
Authors: Yuan Jian , Yoon Kyoung-Jin
Published: July 2021

Although cyanobacteria are essential microorganisms on earth, some cyanobacteria produce toxins known as cyanotoxins, threatening humans and animals’ health. Hence, it is imperative to rapidly and accurately identify those toxic cyanobacteria. Unfortunately, traditional microscopic methods have limitations for accurate identification due to the lack of discernable morphological difference between toxic and non-toxic strains within the same cyanobacterial species or genus. In contrast, their genetic profiles are inherently conserved; therefore, nucleic acid-based assays can be more reliable for precise identification. Furthermore, molecular assays can provide high throughput and significantly reduce the turnaround time of test results. Such advantages make those assays a preferred method for rapid detection and early warning of potential toxicity. Toxigenic cyanobacterial species have synthetase genes (DNAs) for toxin production, which can be excellent marker genes. Numerous molecular assays targeting cyanotoxin synthetase genes have been developed for the identification of toxigenic cyanobacteria at various taxonomic levels. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays are the most prevailing. Among different versions of PCR assays, the real-time quantitative PCR can be utilized to quantify the genes of interest in samples, fulfilling the purpose of both taxonomic recognition and biomass estimation. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays can be used to detect transcripts (i.e., mRNAs) from toxin synthetase genes, probably enhancing the predictive value of PCR detection for toxin production from observed cyanobacterial species. Nevertheless, the utility of toxin synthetase gene- or its transcript-based PCR assays for routine cyanotoxin monitoring needs to be further evaluated on a large scale.
Urban Ecosystem: An Interaction of Biological and Physical Components
Authors: Mollashahi Hassanali , Szymura Magdalena
Published: July 2021

Urban ecosystems are composed of biological components (plants, animals, microorganisms, and other forms of life) and physical components (soil, water, air, climate, and topography) which interact together. In terms of “Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI)”, these components are in a combination of natural and constructed materials of urban space that have an important role in metabolic processes, biodiversity, and ecosystem resiliency underlying valuable ecosystem services. The increase in the world’s population in urban areas is a driving force to threat the environmental resources and public health in cities; thus, the necessity to adopt sustainable practices for communities is crucial for improving and maintaining urban environmental health. This chapter emphasizes the most important issues associated with the urban ecosystem, highlighting the recent findings as a guide for future UGI management, which can support city planners, public health officials, and architectural designers to quantify cities more responsive, safer places for people.
An Overview of CAN-BUS Development, Utilization, and Future Potential in Serial Network Messaging for Off-Road Mobile Equipment
Authors: M. Boland Hannah , I. Burgett Morgan , J. Etienne Aaron , M. Stwalley III Robert
Published: July 2021

A Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial network information technology that facilitates the passing of information between Electronic Control Units (ECUs, also known as nodes). Developed by BOSCH in 1986 to circumvent challenges in harness-connected systems and provide improved message handling in automobiles, the CAN interface allows broadcast communication between all connected ECUs within a vehicle’s integrated electronic system through distributed control and decentralized measuring equipment. Since the early uses of CAN in car engine management, improvements in bitrate, bandwidth, and standardization protocols (such as ISO 11898 and SAE J1939) have led to CAN utilization in various industry applications, such as factory automation, aviation, off-highway vehicles, and telematics. Alternative wired and wireless technologies have been used to connect and network with CAN-BUS (such as Ethernet, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, etc.), further expanding the diversity of applications in which the serial network is employed. In this chapter, the past, present, and prospective future developments of CAN technology, with focused attention on applications in the agricultural and off-road sectors are broadly examined. CAN technology fundamentals, standards creation, modern day uses, and potential functionalities and challenges specific to CAN in the wake of precision agriculture and smart farming are discussed in detail.
Fermentation of Cocoa Beans
Authors: E. Guzmán-Alvarez Romel , G. Márquez-Ramos José
Published: July 2021

Cocoa bean fermentation is a spontaneous process driven by an ordered microbial succession of a wide range of yeasts, lactic acid and acetic acid bacteria, some aerobic sporeforming bacteria and various species of filamentous fungi. The process of cocoa fermentation is a very important step for developing chocolate flavor precursors which are attributable to the metabolism of succession microbial. The microbial ecology of cocoa has been studied in much of the world. In Venezuela, studies have been carried out with Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario cocoa, fermented under various conditions, the results obtained coinciding with the reported scientific information. Fermentation must be associated with the type of cocoa available, carried out knowing the final processing and derivative (paste, butter, powder). The results shown in this chapter correspond to investigations carried out with cocoa from three locations in Venezuela. The quantification, identification, isolation, functionality of the most representative microbiota involved in the fermentation of these grains was sought. This to give possible answers to the fermentation times and improvement of the commercial quality. Likewise, generate greater interest on the part of the producers in carrying out the fermentation.
Start Here When Performing Radiochemical Reactions
Authors: Daruich de Souza Carla , Joo Kim Jin , Tae Hong Jin
Published: July 2021

Radiation products are present in several fields of knowledge. From the energy field, with nuclear reactors and nuclear batteries, to the medical field, with nuclear medicine and radiation therapy (brachytherapy). Although chemistry works in the same way for radioactive and non-radioactive chemicals, an extra layer of problems is present in the radiochemical counter-part. Reactions can be unpredictable due to several factors. For example, iodine-125 in deposited in a silver wire to create the core of a medical radioactive seed. This core is the sealed forming a radioactive seed that are placed inside the cancer. Several aspects can be discussed in regards to radiation chemistry. For example: are there any competing ions? Each way my reaction is going? Each reaction is more likely to occur? Those are important questions, because, in the case of iodine, a volatile product can be formed causing contamination of laboratory, equipment, personal, and environment. This chapter attempts to create a guideline on how to safely proceed when a new radioactive chemical reaction. It discusses the steps by giving practical examples. The focus is in protecting the operator and the environment. The result can be achieved safely and be reliable contribution to science and society.
Tall Wooden Residential Buildings in Finland: What Are the Key Factors for Design and Implementation?
Authors: Tulonen Lassi , Karjalainen Markku , Emre Ilgın Hüseyin
Published: July 2021

This chapter examines tall residential buildings using engineered wood products (EWPs) in Finland. As specified in the National Building Code of Finland, ‘tall wooden building’ is defined as a structure with more than 8-story. Currently, there are two wooden residential buildings, 14-story Lighthouse Joensuu (2019) with laminated veneer lumber (LVL) structure and 13-story HOAS Tuuliniitty (under construction) with cross laminated timber (CLT) structure, that fit the definition above. This study analyses the phenomena associated with the design and implementation processes of these remarkable buildings, the starting points for the projects as well as the prospects of tall wooden housing in Finland through the case study method and interviews with the key actors in the projects. These cases are mapped with extremely detailed information, comprising a valuable source both for designers, engineers as well as developers. As a result, the current state-of-the-art and the critical factors influencing the design and implementation of these challenging sustainable projects in Finland have been identified. It is believed that this chapter will aid and direct key stakeholders in the construction industry in the sound planning and development of tall wooden residential projects in Finland.
Sewan Grass: A Potential Forage Grass in Arid Environments
Authors: Kumar Sanadya Sanjay , Singh Shekhawat Surendra , Sahoo Smrutishree
Published: July 2021

Sewan grass (Lasiurus scindicus), a popular pastoral species, is getting some much-needed attention as mechanization, modernity in agriculture, and illicit grazing pose severe risks to biodiversity conservation in arid and semi-arid areas. It is found mainly in wastelands, dunes, hammocks, and sandy plains but less popular for cultivation in farmer’s fields. Sewan grass has many features like good nutritional value, soil binder, tolerance to high temperature, high digestibility and palatability, and prolonged drought conditions contributed greatly towards its success as a potential forage species in arid environments. It contains significant quantities of crude fibres, lignin, minerals and crude protein, and varies in the proportion of their tissue that can be digested by ruminants. Most research focuses on the species as a forage plant and agronomical practices and is largely published in agricultural and grey literature. Meanwhile, there is a lack of information about breeding strategies and seed production technologies. Therefore, here we present a comprehensive review about agronomic management, breeding, and seed production strategies systematically that will aid in the management of sewan grass now and into the future.
Medicinal Herbs: Important Source of Bioactive Compounds for Food Industry
Authors: Ivanišová Eva , Kačániová Miroslava , A. Savitskaya Tatsiana , D. Grinshpan Dmitry
Published: July 2021

Medicinal herbs accompany people throughout life – from birth to the grave. Almost every day they come to our table as a part of food in various forms, many are used for technical and bioenergetics purposes, and there is also a large group of plants used in medicine, pharmacy and food industry. In the last decade, the consumption of herbs and spices has increased. They grow spontaneously and free of chemical additives, and some studies have shown higher nutritional value, often more significant compared to other common food plants. Medicinal herbs become increasingly important due to its potential beneficial health effects related to its nutritional composition, such as the presence of vitamins, phenolic, anthocyanins, flavonoids, tannins, among others. These raw materials are considered to be promising, economically and ecologically advantageous for the food industry. In this chapter will be describe selected medicinal herbs from Lamiaceae family – bioactive compounds and possibility for using in food industry.
The Multiple Causes of Obesity
Authors: Saxena Indu , Suman Suwarna , Preet Kaur Amar , Abhilasha  , Mitra Prasenjit , Sharma Praveen , Kumar Manoj
Published: July 2021

Obesity is known to cause physical and metabolic diseases. It is often assumed by people (including the healthcare workers) that the person with obesity lacks self-control in matters of diet and physical exercise, and is therefore responsible for his or her weight. Persons with obesity have to face sarcasm, barbs, and discrimination due to their condition. They often have difficulty in getting jobs or have to accept lower than standard pay for their work. Although weight gain requires calorie intake in excess of calorie expenditure, it is sometimes not easy for the person to restrict calories due to the underlying causes of obesity. The body resists losing weight, and attempts to hoard calories by reducing the metabolic rate. In this chapter we have explained and classified the causes of obesity into endogenous and exogenous. The endogenous causes include genetic and epigenetic causes, maternal factors, and hormonal causes, while exogenous causes include obesogenic environment, lifestyle, and weight-gain promoting medicines. It must be realized that losing weight and keeping it off is not easy for a person with obesity.
New Technologies and Decision-Making for the Military
Authors: de Boisboissel Gérard
Published: July 2021

This chapter aims at reviewing the concept of decision-making on the battlefield for military leaders. Thus, it intends to address the changes implied by the use of new technologies (such as Robots, AI) that will gradually invade the battlefield. The leader of tomorrow will have to quickly manage remote information and keep control of high performance automated systems integrating a certain form of autonomy, including lethal autonomous weapon systems. He must ensure that a global meaning is given to the military action taking place on the battlefield. He has to be able to command to achieve his goals.
Review of Geochemical and Geo-Mechanical Impact of Clay-Fluid Interactions Relevant to Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Adua Awejori Gabriel , Radonjic Mileva
Published: July 2021

Shale rocks are an integral part of petroleum systems. Though, originally viewed primarily as source and seal rocks, introduction of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies have essentially redefined the role of shale rocks in unconventional reservoirs. In the geological setting, the deposition, formation and transformation of sedimentary rocks are characterised by interactions between their clay components and formation fluids at subsurface elevated temperatures and pressures. The main driving forces in evolution of any sedimentary rock formation are geochemistry (chemistry of solids and fluids) and geomechanics (earth stresses). During oil and gas production, clay minerals are exposed to engineered fluids, which initiate further reactions with significant implications. Application of hydraulic fracturing in shale formations also means exposure and reaction between shale clay minerals and hydraulic fracturing fluids. This chapter presents an overview of currently available published literature on interactions between formation clay minerals and fluids in the subsurface. The overview is particularly focused on the geochemical and geomechanical impacts of interactions between formation clays and hydraulic fracturing fluids, with the goal to identify knowledge gaps and new research questions on the subject.
Medicinal Properties of Phytochemicals and Their Production
Authors: Bansal Aanchal , Priyadarsini Chinmayee
Published: July 2021

Phytochemicals are produced by plants as a defence mechanism against pathogens. They are used to treat various metabolic, immunological and neurological disorders in humans in various parts of the world as a part of traditional medicine. The use of indigenous plants in commercial medicine is rising with increasing population. The antimicrobial properties of plant extracts led to increased demands. Plant tissue culture on the other hand, has proved to be a reliable alternative for the production of bioactive compounds from plants. Artificial plant culture can enhance the production of phytochemicals in medicinal plants. This review focuses on the medicinal properties of phytochemicals and their in-vitro production.
Heidegger and Gadamer on the Modern Age
Authors: Liakos David ,   The Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

This essay contributes to research on, and develops a critique of, the later Heidegger’s conception of the relationship between modernity and a future beyond or after the modern age. It is argued that Heidegger does not engage in a reactionary rejection of modernity, since he is methodologically opposed to pure negation. Rather, as the example of his reading of Van Gogh demonstrates, Heidegger uses suggestive poetic hints from modern culture to transcend modernity from within into a “postmodern” and ontologically pluralistic future. The author argues, however, that a more livable, plausible, and politically hopeful response to, and reformation of, the modern age is found in Gadamer’s work. Gadamerian hermeneutics permits a rehabilitation of modern culture and thought (for example, the tradition of humanism) by charitably and sensitively disclosing overlooked insights and resources that enable us to continue living within, without moving beyond, the modern age.
Heidegger’s Endoxic Method
Authors: Preston John J. ,   The Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

I argue that Heidegger’s methodological breakthrough in the early 1920s, the development of hermeneutic phenomenology, and the structure of Being and Time are the result of Heidegger’s appropriation of Aristotle’s philosophical method in his Physics and Nicomachean Ethics. In part one, I explain the general structure of Aristotle’s method and demonstrate the distinction between scientific and philo­sophical investigations. In part two, I show how formal indication and phenomenological destruction are the product of Heidegger’s reading of Aristotle’s method by demonstrating their affinity in approach, content, and criteria for success. Lastly, in part three, I show how aspects of Being and Time, specifically das Man and the destruction of history, become more intelligible when framed in terms of an Aristotelian investigation into endoxa.
More Ancient than the Ages
Authors: McNeill William ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

The question of the relation, not of technology, but of the “essence” of technology, that is, of technicity (die Technik)—understood in Heidegger’s sense as a destining of revealing—the question of the relation of technicity to nature is becoming ever more urgent. Human beings and their fate are implicated in that relation, yet never as merely passive participants, and they need to be awakened both to that urgency and to the fundamental question it poses: poses to them as those who are implicated in this manner. The question of the relation of technicity to nature arrives on our doorstep today by virtue of a long, philosophical inheritance, one articulated in terms of the relation of phusis and techne. It is a very specific interpretation and appropriation of techne—and also, inseparably, of phusis—that, in the course of the centuries, sets the stage for the emergence of technicity and its relation to nature. Yet the Greek word techne once meant not only the production of items of utility using nature as a resource, but also the bringing forth of the beautiful, or rather, of the experience of the gods—a bringing forth that came to be called art. In his 1953 essay “The Question Concerning Technicity,” Heidegger invites us to reflect on the question of the relation of technicity to nature by considering “the monstrousness” (das Ungeheure) that becomes manifest in the contrast between the Rhine river as dammed up and placed into the service of a hydroelectric power plant, and the Rhine “as uttered by the artwork, in Hölderlin’s hymn by that name.” The contrast, we note, is not between a pure, pristine, unadulterated nature, the river Rhine as a natural phenomenon untouched by techne, and the river placed (gestellt) in the service of technicity. The contrast, rather, is between two ways in which the Rhine can be revealed to us, two ways of letting something be revealed, two modes of techne—techne itself being a mode of revealing, as the essay elucidates. Yet what, then, of phusis, that other mode of revealing? Is it perhaps the case that phusis needs techne, not as a technical supplement in the sense of technicity, but as art, whose essence is poetizing (Dichtung)—needs it in order to show itself in a more primordial, more ancient sense? Must the response that the urgency of the question concerning the relation of technicity to nature elicits from us entail our becoming poets, or at least artists—and this despite the fact that any appeal to art as “the saving power” must seem hopeless in the face of the destinal force that is technicity? My remarks here elaborate on these themes by turning to Heidegger’s reading of Hölderlin’s hymn “Wie wenn am Feiertage…,” where nature is said to be “more ancient than the ages.”
Big Nothing
Authors: Saurez David ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

Kant defends the logical consistency of metaphysical groundlessness from the objection that a groundless being would be grounded on nothing, and therefore, on something—a “Big Nothing.” Instead, what is groundless has non-being for its ground; logic yields a formal concept of non-being as the negation of all that exists. Heidegger goes further in giving a positive characterization of the nothing: the nothing “makes possible the manifestness of beings” and “belongs to their essential unfolding.” Our openness to beings reveals beings as distinct from the nothing. The internal structure of this openness (‘something and not nothing’) is revealed in fundamental attunements like anxiety. I consider objections to Heidegger’s account from Carnap and Wittgenstein and offer a Heideggerian response. I show that Wittgenstein’s final assessment of metaphysical statements is more ambivalent than Carnap’s. Where Carnap mocks Heidegger for expressing his feelings in the form of a theory, Wittgenstein recognizes the direction of Heidegger’s thought, and concludes that what Heidegger wants to express is—Schade!—inexpressible. There is a there there; it’s just that language isn’t capable of saying so. Heidegger’s response is that metaphysics neglects to ask about the condition (being/the nothing) that makes beings possible — it identifies being with presence. Ironically, the attempt to eliminate metaphysics through the logical regimentation of language terminates in metaphysics—a metaphysics of presence. This metaphysics flattens every attempt to think about the world into a consideration of beings without any room for consideration of being, as that which makes their manifestation possible. For Heidegger, by contrast, nothing is the ground of grounds, the reason for reasons. We find things intelligible because of the nothing that allows us to find ourselves in a world of beings.
“New Knowledge of Lost Worlds”?
Authors: Reiter Geoffrey ,   Marquette University Press
Published: July 2021

In contemporary academic circles, the fields of science, theology, and literature may be compartmentalized with relatively little interaction. However, such distinctions were less rigid in the early nineteenth century. One of the figures whose writings stretched across these disciplinary boundaries was Edward Hitchcock, a world-renowned geologist and president of Amherst College who also had extensive theological training. Now best-known among paleontologists for his discovery of fossil footprints in the Connecticut River Valley, Hitchcock made use of his considerable talents in an 1836 poem entitled “The Sandstone Bird.” This poem—often known to historians of science but little remarked among students of American literature—effectively uses formal verse to draw out theological dimensions to the prehistoric world conjured up by Hitchcock’s own paleontological discoveries.
Study of Power Augmented Ram Vehicles
Authors: Matveev K. I.
Published: July 2021

Power Augmented Ram Vehicle is an innovative type of air-assisted fast amphibious transport platform. This craft operates in ground effect and employs propulsor jets for partial or complete support of the vehicle weight. The present paper reviews recent experiments and modeling studies aimed at aero-hydrodynamics phenomena. Representative results of our previous work with static platforms are shown here for (i) recovered thrust and lift of scaled models on both solid and water surfaces, (ii) potential flow theory for air jets with inclusion of effects of the water surface deformation and friction forces, and (iii) pressure distribution under a platform. New results in this paper are presented for (i) front flap augmentation of platform lift, (ii) speed tests of a radio-controlled model on various surfaces, and (iii) viscous simulations of forward-speed motion of a propulsor-platform system. Overall, a progress has been made toward better understanding of aero-hydrodynamics of jet-augmented fast amphibious platforms.
Reduction of frictional resistance by air bubble lubrication
Authors: Foeth E. J. , Eggers R. , van der Hout I. , Quadvlieg F. H. H. A.
Published: July 2021

The reduction of resistance and the increase of propulsive efficiency are major drivers for ship designers both for economic reasons and increasingly for reducing the ship’s environmental footprint. Reducing the frictional resistance by air injection below the ship in combination with special coatings is an active area of research; anecdotally, performance gains are usually large. The paper gives an overview of some model scale and full scale measurements results of ships with one type of air lubrication—air bubble lubrication—performed by MARIN. The experiments were performed under the SMOOTH project. The first series of experiments focused on an inland shipping vessel that was tested both on model scale and on full scale, with and without air lubrication. A second series of tests consisted of maneuvering and seakeeping tests with a model painted with different coatings and with and without air lubrication. No appreciable effects of air bubble lubrication were found during the resistance and propulsion tests at either model or full scale and no significant effects of air bubble lubrication on maneuvering and seakeeping model tests could be determined.
Efficient Methods for Direct Calculation of Slamming Loads on Ships
Authors: Hermundstad Ole A. , Moan Torgeir
Published: July 2021

This paper is concerned with slamming on ships, with particular emphasis on bow flare slamming. An efficient numerical method presented by Hermundstad and Moan (2007) is briefly described, and a summary of previous and new validation results is given. This includes a bow section dropped onto calm water, a 120 m RoRo ship at 20 knots, a 290 m cruise ship at low speed and an FPSO at zero speed. Predictions of slam-induced local stresses by combined slamming and FE-analysis are validated for an aluminum section dropped onto calm water. Based on the experience with the different cases, some general remarks are made with respect to the applicability of the method, the importance of various physical effects and the need for further work.
MarineTech Project - Attracting Students towards Math and Science Careers in Shipbuilding and Repair Industry
Authors: Verma Alok K. , Ferrari Ray , Talaiver Manorama , McKinney Sueanne E. , Dickerson Daniel , Chen Deborah
Published: July 2021

Low enrollment and high attrition rates in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) based degree programs have created a shortage of workforce in industries like shipbuilding and repair which are important for national security. Part of this problem can be attributed to pedagogical issues like lack of engaging hands-on activities utilized for math and science instruction in middle and high schools. Another reason for this is that the teachers are not trained in taking an integrated approach to teaching math and science. This has led to large scale flight and attrition from STEM based career tracks. Consequently, engineering and engineering technology programs throughout the nation have observed declining graduation rates and quality of incoming students. To engage student’s interest in STEM based careers, it is important that students establish a link between the math and science instruction and its application to solve real life problems early in their learning experience. Project based activities have a proven record as a pedagogical method. Effectiveness of this pedagogy has been supported by research in the acquisition and retention of knowledge. The MarineTech Project funded by the State Council of Higher education of Virginia and supported by the Shipbuilding and Repair industry has attempted to address the quality of STEM education in Virginia by developing project based learning kits and providing professional development training in the use of these kits. The project also provided teacher training in 21st century skills and Integrated Math and Science education while increasing awareness of teachers about shipbuilding and repair industry. The paper presents the motivation behind developing these project based learning (PBL) modules, issues related to implementation and results from student and teacher workshops.
Transforming the Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Project Environment
Authors: Dlugokecki Victoria , Fanguy Dennis , Hepinstall Lisa , Tilstrom David
Published: July 2021

In April 2008, NSRP awarded the project entitled “Customization of Web-Based Planning and Production Engineering Technologies to Support Integrated Shipyard Work Flow” a collaborative research project which included Bollinger Shipyards and Atlantic Marine-Mobil. The purpose of the project was to develop and validate a project management approach to shipbuilding and ship maintenance through the delivery of a web-based production and engineering management tool tailored to the needs of this industry along with a reliable, exportable implementation process using planning and production engineering methodologies. This project was designed to enable shipyards to achieve reduction in project costs and cycle time through project standardization, and the ability to perform rapid re-planning while maintaining alignment of all project stakeholders in real time. The project enabled the shipyards to surface quantifiable improvement opportunities that reflected the biggest impact on project delivery. This paper will share insight into the key findings derived through this transformational body of research, as well as provide an understanding of the robust process used to implement the shipyard-specific web-based project solutions in shipbuilding and ship repair project environments. The paper will also provide a quantification and appreciation of the resulting cost benefits experienced by each of the participating shipyards. New construction programs in each of the shipyards enabled real-time metrics to be captured, illustrating the achievement of cost reduction opportunities resulting from this project.