bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE STUDENT'S INTEREST ON USING WHATSAPP APPLICATION IN LEARNING ENGLISH
Authors: Riadi Ghea Intania , Afriyanti Rika , Suharni Suharni
Published: September 2022

This research has a background by the phenomenon of online learning using the WhatsApp application in learning English at SMAN 6 Padang. This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive method which aims to describe and see the students' interest in learning by using the WhatsApp application in learning English. Participants in this study were 11th grade social studies students at SMAN 6 Padang. The data was collected by the researchers by distributing questionnaires to students through the Google Drive application in the form of Google Form with a total of 27 statements related to students' interest in learning by using the WhatsApp application in the learning process. To add information from the students, the researcher conducted interviews with 20 students from 4 classes which were taken using the Purposive Random Sampling technique. Interviews were conducted by sending messages using the WhatsApp application which was then recap by the researcher. During the study, from the questionnaire data and interviews, the researchers concluded that students were interested in using the WhatsApp application in learning English Keywords: student’s interest, WhatsApp Application
SELF-REGULATED LEARNING BEHAVIORS LEVELS IN READING SUBJECT THROUGH E-LEARNING AT UNIVERSITY OF PGRI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Sesmiyanti Sesmiyanti , Ikhsan M. Khairi
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aims to determine levels of regulated learning behavior of English students in reading subject through e-learning at PGRI University, West Sumatra. Problems that occur in distance education students include lack of motivation and procrastination, interference from technology, work and family, as well as the tendency to use reactive methods rather than proactive methods. In this study, the researcher used a descriptive research in quantitative approach. Researchers collected data using the Online Self-Regulated Learning Scale (OSLQ). There were 44 students who participated in this study. Researcher distributed the questionnaire using link of google form. It consisted of 24 questions where the questions were divided into six levels of self regulated learning behaviors, goal setting (setting up the learning goals), environment structuring (deciding the place for study with minimum distraction), time management (setting up time consuming on each learning activity), help seeking (asking for assistence from tutors, peers or the expert of the area concern), self-evaluation (self-reflected the personal performance with the learning goal and achievements), and metacognition (knowledge of  controlling cognitive activities).  Keywords: levels, regulated learning behavior, e-learning
The Effectiveness of Using Quizizz Website as an Online Learning Evaluation at Seventh Grade Students in Junior High School Yos Sudarso Padang
Authors: Fri oktari Rahma , Ikhsan M. Khairi , Elmiati Elmiati
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using the Quizizz Website as an evaluation in online learning at SMP Yos Sudarso Padang class VII. This research is a pre-experimental research using a quantitative design. The data source of this research is the seventh grade students of SMP Yos Sudarso Padang who are taking English subjects. The sampling technique was non-probability sampling which consisted of 1 class with 22 students. The data source of this research is an objective test using the Quizizz Website. The researcher conducted an analysis using a paired T-Test using SPSS 24. From the analysis data, the value of .Sig. (2-tailed) is 0.000 0.05, and the T-count value is 5.294 T table 2.080. So it can be concluded that there is an effect of using the Quizizz Website as an evaluation in online learning.
An analysis of students' summarizing at University of PGRI Sumatera Barat
Authors: Yarsi Utami Atika , Sesmiyanti Sesmiyanti , Elmiati Elmiati
Published: September 2022

Abstract This research was motivated by several obstacles experienced by students in writing, especially in writing summaries at the English Education Study Program, PGRI University, West Sumatra. This study is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach that aims to analyze how the student summary. The data source of this research is a document in the form of twenty-two student assignments on writing summaries that the researcher obtained from the lecturer in charge of the course. The researcher conducted an analysis using a rubric, and analyzed the indicators achieved from the summary writing assessment, namely length, accuracy, paraphrasing, focus, and grammar, punctuation or spelling error. With the results of the most achieved indicators to the least achieved, the researcher will present the results of the analysis and draw conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the summary of students in the English Education Study Program is 51.13% in length, 95.45% in accuracy, 29.54% in paraphrasing, 68.18 in focus, and 87.5% in convention. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that summarizing is very important, because it can improve the quality of students, especially in writing, developing ideas and making it easier for students to understand the text.Keyword : writing, summaryAbstrakPenelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh beberapa hambatan yang dialami siswa dalam menulis, khususnya dalam menulis ringkasan di Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Universitas PGRI Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk menganalisa bagaimana rangkuman siswa. Sumber data dari penelitian ini adalah dokumen yang berupa dua puluh dua tugas siswa tentang menulis ringkasan yang didapatkan peneliti dari dosen yang mengampu mata kuliah tersebut. Peneliti melakukan analisis dengan menggunakan rubrik, dan menganalisa indikator yang tercapai dari penilaian menulis ringkasan yaitu panjang, keakuratan, parafrase, fokus, dan grammar, punctuation or spelling error. Dengan hasil indikator yang paling banyak dicapai sampai yang paling sedikit tercapai, peneliti akan memaparkan hasil analisa tersebut dan membuat kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ringkasan siswa di Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris ini pada panjang mencapai 51,13%, kekuratan 95,45%, parafrase 29,54%, fokus 68,18, dan konvensi 87,5%. Dari hasil yang didapat dapat disimpulkan bahwa meringkas sangatlah penting, karena dapat meningkatkan kualitas siswa terutama dalam menulis, mengembangkan ide dan mempermudah siswa memahami teks.Kata kunci : menulis, meringkas
A EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA E A INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR
Authors: Zanotta Amarali Moreira Luz , Freitas Liliana da Silva Moura , Rodrigues Neto Pedro
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo trata da inclusão, sob a perspectiva histórica e, também sobre as mudanças ocorridos na atualidade em relação a educação inclusiva e os impactos trazidos para a escola... Assim, a escola tem um papel fundamental na inserção de portadores e não portadores em salas de aulas comuns. A presença do portador de necessidades educativas especiais na escola regular, inclusive nas classes comuns é um verdadeiro desafio para a escola brasileira em relação à qualificação de recursos humanos, que atendam às necessidades educacionais desses alunos, em qualidade e acesso. Precisamos trabalhar a educação, para que a escola construa um mundo melhor para todos e que inclua no seu convívio todos, independentemente de padrões de normalidade. Para que a escola seja base para uma verdadeira cultura de paz.
Continuous positive airway pressure reduces the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Affas Ziad , Affas Saif , Tabbaa Kutiba
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are disorders that have increased in the United States during recent years. Earlier investigations have shown that underlying undiagnosed and unmanaged OSA plays a significant role in high rates and also as a trigger for newly diagnosed AF. Since the introduction of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as a main therapy for OSA, more studies have evaluated the effect of CPAP on the development or recurrence of AF in OSA patients. However, sample sizes in a limited number of studies have been too small to conclude whether CPAP therapy has a significant effect on the development of AF in patients with OSA. The authors report results of their systematic review and meta-analysis summarizing what is currently known about the efficacy of CPAP for mitigating AF in patients with OSA.

METHOD

The authors systematically reviewed the published reports on CPAP use and the incidence of AF from PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Web of Science, meeting abstracts, and Cochrane databases published between January 2015 and November 2021. Study data were extracted by two reviewers and a random-effects meta-analysis was performed using RevMan version 5.4.

RESULTS

A total of 17 studies that met inclusion criteria were identified Studies included a total of 6,523 patients, 3,248 (49.8%) who used CPAP and 3,275 (50.2%) who did not use CPAP. In a random effects model, patients treated with CPAP showed a decrease in the incidence of AF (OR, 0.51; 95% CI; 0.27; 0.97, p = 0.04). High heterogeneity among the included studies was also observed (I2 = 97%).

CONCLUSION

Our results add to the increasing evidence that CPAP therapy may reduce the incidence of development of AF in patients with OSA. Prospective future studies and clinical trials are needed to refine our understanding of the relationship between OSA and AF and how CPAP may reduce cardiovascular disease development.
Improving Compliance with the CMS SEP-1 Sepsis Bundle at a Community-Based Teaching Hospital Emergency Department
Authors: Alexander Marius , Sydney Melissa , Gotlib Ari , Knuth Megan , Santiago-Rivera Olga , Butki Nikolai
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) designed Hospital Quality Initiatives (HQI) to assure delivery of quality health care for institutions receiving Medicare payments. Like many teaching institutions, the SEP-1 compliance rates at McLaren Oakland in Pontiac fluctuated monthly and were not achieving institutional target expectations.

METHODS

The project team designed a Sepsis Macro and a Sepsis Order Set in the electronic medical record system. The project team also implemented an educational initiative targeted at emergency medicine resident and attending physicians. The educational initiative instructed emergency medicine resident and attending physicians in the metrics measured in the SEP-1 bundle as well as how to properly use the newly designed Sepsis Macro and Sepsis Order Set.

RESULTS

After implementation of the Sepsis Macro and Sepsis Order Set, the overall compliance with the SEP-1 bundle improved from 57% to 62%, above national averages and at the institutional target expectations. However, there were not statistically significant differences (p = 0.562) between the compliance rate before and after program implementation (Pre = 57% (SD = 0.27); 95% CI: 0.29 - 0.85); Post= 62% (SD = 0.11); 95% CI: 0.55 - 0.70). After program implementation the SEP-1 compliance rate was met in 82% of the months in comparison with 50% of the months in the pre-intervention (p = 0.28).

CONCLUSIONS

Although not achieving statistical significance, this intervention demonstrated that simple, cost-effective measures of education and standardization in documentation and order entry in EMR’s can improve clinically significant compliance to CMS HQI metrics in community-based teaching institutions.
Exploring New Patient Understanding of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine using a Cross-Sectional Survey and Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Ham-Ying Jared , Wisniewski Samuel J , Rowan Jake , Birsanescu Izabela , Speak Alicia , Malouin Rebecca
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION

Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM), a patient-focused approach to medical treatment utilized by doctors of osteopathic medicine (DO), continues to be an under-utilized resource in treating musculoskeletal disorders. Lack of familiarity by both referring physicians and patients of OMM can impact patient-physician communication and impede patient-centered care approaches. This 2020-2021 study was conducted to investigate new patient understanding of OMM within the Michigan State University OMM Clinic.

METHODS

A set of 18 survey questions developed by the authors within their MSU OMM clinic were utilized for the study. The main purpose of the questions was to generally ascertain new patient’s understanding of OMM, its role in patient care, who can place clinic referrals and the services an OMM clinic provides. Respondents were new adult patients at the MSU OMM clinic.

RESULTS

The convenience study sample of 83 respondents was primarily female, 60 (72.3%). Few respondents were familiar with OMM, as only eight (9.64%) reported prior experience with OMM. Of the 83 patients in this study, 69 (80.7%) reported back pain. When examining referral patterns, there were low numbers of referrals from non-PCP providers, especially from advanced practice providers (APP), including physician assistants (n = three, 3.66%) and nurse practitioners (n = eight, 7.96%). Most surveyed patients 61 (73.5%) had been referred by their primary care providers.

CONCLUSIONS

Results indicate that communication directed to non-DO physicians, advanced practice providers and patients about OMM services may be helpful to provide noninvasive symptomatic treatment options for musculoskeletal conditions. Further larger-scale studies examining both non-DO provider and new patient perceptions concerning OMM are clearly warranted.
Combining machine learning and SMILEs to classify, better understand, and project changes in ENSO events
Authors: Maher Nicola , Tabarin Thibault P. , Milinski Sebastian
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) occurs in three phases: neutral, warm (El Niño), and cool (La Niña). While classifying El Niño and La Niña is relatively straightforward, El Niño events can be broadly classified into two types: central Pacific (CP) and eastern Pacific (EP). Differentiating between CP and EP events is currently dependent on both the method and observational dataset used. In this study, we create a new classification scheme using supervised machine learning trained on 18 observational and re-analysis products. This builds on previous work by identifying classes of events using the temporal evolution of sea surface temperature in multiple regions across the tropical Pacific. By applying this new classifier to seven single model initial-condition large ensembles (SMILEs) we investigate both the internal variability and forced changes in each type of ENSO event, where events identified behave similarly to those observed. It is currently debated whether the observed increase in the frequency of CP events after the late 1970s is due to climate change. We found it to be within the range of internal variability in the SMILEs for trends after 1950, but not for the full observed period (1896 onwards). When considering future changes, we do not project a change in CP frequency or amplitude under a strong warming scenario (RCP8.5/SSP370) and we find model differences in EP El Niño and La Niña frequency and amplitude projections. Finally, we find that models show differences in projected precipitation and sea surface temperature (SST) pattern changes for each event type that do not seem to be linked to the Pacific mean state SST change, although the SST and precipitation changes in individual SMILEs are linked. Our work demonstrates the value of combining machine learning with climate models, and highlights the need to use SMILEs when evaluating ENSO in climate models because of the large spread of results found within a single model due to internal variability alone.
Tsunami risk perception in Central and Southern Italy
Authors: Cugliari Lorenzo , Crescimbene Massimo , La Longa Federica , Cerase Andrea , Amato Alessandro , Cerbara Loredana
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The Tsunami Warning Center of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (CAT-INGV) has been promoting, since 2018, the study of tsunami risk perception in Italy. Between 2018 and 2021 the semi-structured questionnaire on the perception of tsunami risk was administered to a sample of 5,842 citizens residing in 450 Italian coastal municipalities, representative of more than 12 million people. The survey was conducted with the Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) methodology, described in Cerase et al. (2019) who published the results of the first pilot survey (about 1,000 interviews). The large sample and the socio-demographic stratification give an excellent representation of the resident population in the surveyed Italian coastal municipalities. Moreover, in 2021 an optimized version of the questionnaire was also administered via Telepanel (a tool for collecting proportional and representative opinions of citizens) representative of the Italian population, which included 1,500 people distributed throughout the country. In this work we present the main results of the three survey phases, with a comparison among the eight surveyed regions, and between the coastal regions and some coastal metropolitan cities involved in the investigations (Rome, Naples, Bari, Reggio Calabria and Catania). Data analysis reveals heterogeneous and generally low tsunami risk perception. Some seaside, in fact, show a good perception of tsunami risk while others, such as in Apulia and Molise, reveal a lower perception, most likely due to the long time elapsed since the last event and the lack of memory. We do not find relevant differences related to the socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender) of the sample, whereas the education degree appears to affect people’s perception. The survey shows that the respondents’ predominant source of information on tsunamis is the television and other media sources (such us newspapers, books, films, internet etc.) while the official sources (e.g. civil protection, local authorities, universities and research institutes) do not contribute significantly. Also, we found an interesting difference in people’s understanding of the words tsunami and maremoto, the local term commonly used in Italy until the 2004 Sumatra event, which should be taken into account in scientific and risk communication. The nationwide sample shows lower tsunami risk perception compared to the average of the coastal sample, confirming the need for thorough information campaigns directed to tourists. Our results are being used to drive our communication strategy aimed at reducing tsunami risk in Italy, to activate dissemination and educational programs (data driven), to fill the data gap on tsunami risk perception in the NEAMTWS area, and to implement multilevel Civil Protection actions (national and local, top-down and bottom-up). Not least, outputs can address a better development of the Tsunami Ready program in Italy.
Niagara Falls and the Origins of Computer Algebra
Authors: VELEZ M. Pilar , RECIO Tomás , UENO Carlos
Published: September 2022

The present note intends to show some connections arising from an investigation around the origins of Computer Algebra, which starts from the first explicit appearances of this field in the decade of the 80’s of the past century, takes us back to previous work done by Charles Babbage and the Spanish engineer Torres–Quevedo in relation to their analytic and algebraic machines, runs briefly through Kempe’s work on universal linkages, and ends up in the Canadian shore of the Niagara Falls, relatively close to Waterloo (ON), birthplace of some relevant decisions  concerning the development of the Computer Algebra research community and home of the mathematical software Maple.
Monte Carlo investigation of structural minimality for structures of uncontrolled linear switching systems with Maple
Authors: Whyte Jason
Published: September 2022

One path to understanding a physical system is to represent it by a model structure (collection of related models). Suppose our system is not subject to external influences, and depends on unobservable state variables (x), and observables (y). Then, a suitable uncontrolled, state-space model structure S is defined by relationships between x and y, involving parameters θ ∈ Θ. That is, each parameter vector in parameter space Θ is associated with a particular model in S.

Before using S for prediction, we require system observations for parameter estimation. This process aims to determine θ values for which predictions “best” approximate the data (according to some objective function). The result is some number of estimates of the true parameter vector, θ*. Multiple parameter estimates are problematic when these cause S to produce dissimilar predictions beyond our data's range. This can render us unable to confidently make predictions, resulting in an uninformative study.

Non-uniqueness of parameter estimates follows when S lacks the property of structural global identifiability (SGI). Fortunately, we may test S for SGI prior to data collection. The absence of SGI encourages us to rethink our experimental design or model structure.

Before testing S for SGI we should check that it is structurally minimal. If so, we cannot replace S by a structure of fewer state variables which produces the same output. Most testing methodology is applicable to structures which employ the same equations for all time. These methods are not appropriate when, for example, a process has an abrupt change in its dynamics. For such a situation, a structure of linear switching systems (LSSs) may be suitable. Any system in the structure has a collection of linear time-invariant state-space systems, and a switching function which determines the system in effect at each instant. As such, we face a novel challenge in testing an LSS structure for SGI.

We will consider the case of an uncontrolled LSS structure of one switching event (a ULSS-1 structure). In this setting, we may approach the structural minimality problem via the Laplace transform of the output function on each time interval. Each rational function yields conditions for pole-zero cancellation. If these conditions are not satisfied for almost all θ ∈ Θ, then S is structurally minimal.

Analytical approaches can be quite laborious. However, we may expect a numerical approach to provide useful insights quickly. For example, if pole-zero cancellation occurs for almost all of a sufficiently large number of parameter values sampled from Θ, then structural minimality is possible. This result may encourage us to prove the existence of structural minimality.

We shall use Maple 2020-2 to conduct a numerical investigation of structural minimality for a test case ULSS-1 structure applicable to flow-cell biosensor experiments used to monitor biochemical interactions, which include the popular Biacore-branded units.
Maple-based introductory visual guide to Gröbner bases
Authors: Roanes-Lozano Eugenio , Roanes-Macias Eugenio
Published: September 2022

In 1975 the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (the main Spanish institution for scientific research) published the monograph [14] by the second author (by the way, father and Ph.D. advisor of the first author). Its title could be translated as "Geometric Interpretation of Ideal Theory" (nowadays Ideal Theory is not normally used, in favour of Commutative Algebra). It somehow illustrated the geometric ideas underlying the basics of the classic books of the period (like [2, 11, 16]) and was a success: although written in Spanish, the edition was sold out.Of course there are much more modern books on ideals and varieties than [2, 11, 16], such as the famous [7] or [8], that illustrate the theory with images. Moreover, there are introductory works to Gröbner bases such as [3, 9, 12, 13, 15], as well as books on the topic like [1], and articles about applications, like the early [4]. Even a summary in English of the original Ph.D. Thesis by Bruno Buchberger is available [5].

Nevertheless, we believe that there is a place for a visual guide to Gröbner bases, as there was a place for [14].

For instance, statistical packages are probably the pieces of mathematical software best known by non-mathematicians, and they are frequently used as black boxes by users with a slight knowledge of the theory behind. Meanwhile, Gröbner bases, the most common exact method behind non-linear polynomial systems (algebraic systems) solving, although incorporated to all computer algebra systems, are only known by a relatively small ratio of the members of the scientific community, most of them mathematicians. This article presents in an intuitive and visual way an illustrative selection of ideals and their Gröbner bases, together with the plots of the (real part) of their corresponding algebraic varieties, computed and plotted with Maple [6, 10]. A minimum amount of theoretical details is given. We believe that exact algebraic systems solving could also be used as a black box by non-mathematicians just understanding the basic ideas underlying commutative algebra and computer algebra.
Local and Global Properties of the Gravitational Lens Effect with Special Consideration of the Gravitational Lens Effect with Star Perturbation.
Authors: Schramm Thomas
Published: September 2022

Since the late 1970s, gravitational lensing became an important tool in astrophysics, taking advantage of the lens-like bending of light by masses such as planets, stars, galaxies, or clusters of them to determine their properties or even their existence. At that time and later in the 80s, the group at the Hamburg observatory around Sjur Refsdal developed many techniques that are still in use to understand and apply the effect. Although the effect is a consequence of Einstein's general theory of relativity, the equations used to describe the effects of masses on light rays are relatively simple. However, in order to answer questions about what a light source looks like through a special lens, or whether there might be multiple images of a light source, the math got quite complicated and the problems were largely solved numerically.In this article we show, for an important special case of a star in a galaxy as a lens, that the problems of differential geometry that arise can be treated algebraically by a computer algebra system such as Maple and lead to elegant solutions that are generally applicable to mappings from the plane onto the plane.
Ten Tips for Successful Creation of Contextualized Problems for Secondary School Students with Maple
Authors: Sacchet Matteo
Published: September 2022

Students at all levels of schooling in all countries of the world need to practice mathematical problem solving to develop competencies that they will apply in real-life scenarios. On the other hand, concerning solving, problem posing refers to both the generation of new problems and the re-formulation of given problems. Teaching mathematics from a problem posing and problem-solving perspective entails more than solving non-routine problems or typical textbook types of problems. It is a way for students to exercise all aspects of problem solving: exploring, conjecturing, examining, testing, and generalizing. Tasks should be accessible and extend students’ knowledge. Even students should formulate problems from given situations and create new problems by modifying the conditions of a given problem. The quality of problems submitted to students is an issue that needs to be carefully considered. This work presents different ways to apply good practices when designing a problem-solving activity with students. It is based on the experience of Digital Math Training, a project whose aim is to develop and strengthen Mathematics and Computer Science skills through problem solving activities using the Advanced Computing Environment (ACE) Maple. After initial training in the laboratories of the schools, 3 students per class - the most skilled or motivated ones - participate in online training. They are asked to solve a problem every 10 days and to submit their solution. Meanwhile, students can participate in weekly synchronous tutoring on the use of Maple and collaborate with their colleagues through forum discussions. Students are selected in an intermediate competition and a final one. In this setting it is important to carefully plan and present the activity to the students, the text of the problem should be clear, and concise, with little storytelling to enter the setting of the problem. The problems should not be too theoretical, although they may inspect specific aspects of the related theory. They need to be solved by starting with simpler requests until the most difficult ones, close to the edge of students' knowledge, are reached. The solutions can make use of a calculator, in our case the ACE Maple. Precise design principles are based on both the adoption of suitable practice and the use of Maple. These principles can be adapted to different situations. The paper describes all these features with examples, according to the literature.
Speeding up polynomial GCD, a crucial operation in Maple
Authors: Monagan Michael
Published: September 2022

Given two multivariate polynomials A and B with integer coefficientswe present a new GCD algorithm which computes G = gcd(A,B).Our algorithm is based on the Hu/Monagan GCD algorithm.If A = G A̅ and B = G B̅  we have modified the Hu/Monaganso that it can interpolate the smaller of G and A̅.

We have implemented the new GCD algorithm in Maple withseveral subroutines coded in C for efficiency.Maple currently uses Zippel's sparse modular GCD algorithm.We present timing results comparing Maple's implementation of Zippel's algorithm
Computing Intersection Multiplicities with Regular Chains
Authors: Sandford Ryan , Gerhard Jürgen , Moreno Maza Marc
Published: September 2022

We extend a generalization of Fulton’s intersection multiplicity algorithm to handle zero-dimensional regular chains as input, allowing the generalization of Fulton’s algorithm to compute intersection multiplicities at points containing non-rational coordinates. Moreover, we describe the implementation of this extension in Maple, and show that the range of input systems for which intersection multiplicities can be computed has increased substantially from existing standard basis free intersection multiplicity algorithm available in Maple. Lastly, we show our implementation of the generalization of Fulton’s algorithm often outperforms the existing standard basis free intersection multiplicity algorithm, typically by one to two orders of magnitude.
Publisher's Comments
Authors: Schnitz Gary
Published: September 2022

Welcome to the Journal of Biocommunication, the professional journal of the Association of Medical Illustrators and the BioCommunications Association. This JBC, issue 46-1, represents our first issue of the 2022 publishing year. I would like to thank our Management Board, our editors, our advisors, and our authors for their contributions to our success.
This issue features some diverse content, including Thomas St. John Merrill's column, "25 Years Ago in the JBPA/JBP." We also include Emilyn Frohn's Vesalius Trust Research Poster, "Transforming Confocal Microscopy Imaging Data of Retinal Vasculature into 3D Animation." The JBC continues its series of legacy articles authored by the late Dr. Richard Byrne. We include his articles, "Computershock," "The New Work," "Business as Usual," and "Learning to Learn."
Our JBC 46-1 Showcase features the amazing photographic imagery of BCA Emeritus Member, Bob Turner. Our JBC Gallery includes the award winners of BCA's 2021 BioImages exhibition. 
We appreciate the ongoing support from our JBC community around the world. In particular, we acknowledge the support of the Association of Medical Illustrators and the BioCommunications Association. It's a privilege to be the professional academic journal of these two organizations.
The New Work
Authors: Byrne Richard
Published: September 2022

I think the new world of work is going to be fantastic. I think it will really be exciting and fun. I think the breakthrough of the microcomputer, the appearance of a new personal technology that empowers us all, is going to create potential and opportunities for new kinds of work, for new ways of doing business that are going to be transforming in character.
Learning To Learn
Authors: Byrne Richard
Published: September 2022

Now, what you have to learn is how to have joy in the void. You have to learn to enjoy the state of not being certain. Some people get crazy. They get crazy when they’re not sure how it’s all going to turn out! We buy these computers, and now have to ask ourselves, "How much will they cost?” Next, “When we will make our money back?” Well, I don’t know the answer to that one. “Now, wait a minute here! Look before you leap!” Often, people don’t want to do it, until they’re sure how it’s going to turn out. We can only say to them that there’s no way to know this. The process is what’s important here, not the outcome.
Transforming Confocal Microscopy Imaging Data of Retinal Vasculature into 3D Animation
Authors: Frohn Emilyn , Lebowicz Leah , Twedt Rex , Young Christine
Published: September 2022

This research study presents a methodology for creation of 3D models from confocal microscopy, specifically the retinal trilaminar capillary network, that can be used in 3D biomedical animation. Biomedical visualization professionals regularly use CT and MRI imaging data to create 3D models and other visuals. Adding confocal microscopy to this toolkit using ImageJ FIJI1 and Materialise Mimics® allows for a wider range of options to create data-driven 3D models of microscopic structures. Understanding the interactions of the neurovascular unit through visualization may be a key to advancing understanding of normal function of the retina and diabetic retinopathy pathology.
25 Years Ago in the JBPA/JBP
Authors: St. John Merrill Thomas
Published: September 2022

In this column, we look back at the content and imagery found in the Journal of the Biological Photographic Association (JBPA), later renamed the Journal of Biological Photography (JBP). This column examines important articles from 25 years ago. In doing so, we gain some insight into those legacy photography techniques of that time.
The Role Of Concurrent Engineering Technology And Green Target Costing In Achieving Sustainable Competitive Advantage
Authors: Deherieb Mohammed Sameer , Hamza Nora Hassan
Published: September 2022

The research aims to integrate the two technologies of simultaneous engineering and the green target cost in providing an environmentally friendly product, because these two technologies are among the most important techniques that have emerged as a result of work strategies that change rapidly with market requirements and the essence of the modern production process, through the manufacture of products that meet the desires of customers in the shortest possible time and less cost. To achieve this goal, the General Company for Southern Cement was chosen as a research community and through one of its laboratories, represented by (Babylon Factory). The research reached several conclusions represented in the shift from the development of sequential products to the development of simultaneous products, which enables them to respond quickly by reducing the time required for products to enter the market and adapt to changing work environments, and following the techniques of simultaneous engineering and green target cost in product development is a shortcut The product design and development process. The most important recommendations are the need to direct modern technologies to serve the environment in view of the trend of global interest in the environment due to environmental pollution and the scarcity of natural resources, especially scarce ones.
organizational capabilities and their role in enhancing of the organizational immune system Analytical study in the Iraqi insurance company
Authors: Ahmed Jinan Shihab
Published: September 2022

Purpose of study: The effectiveness of organizational capabilities as a method for enhancing the functioning of the organizational immune system was investigated in this research. Methodology: A field research was carried out at an Iraqi insurance business with (150) personnel. This study was utilized to evaluate and answer all of the research questions using a quantitative method. Then, using hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS as an analysis tool, hypotheses for direct effects are tested(127) surveys valid for analysis. Result: According to the findings, there is a link between organizational capabilities and organizational immune system functions in the research community. Recommendations: The management of the Iraqi insurance company should pay attention to increasing employee training programs through training workshops related to the topics of the organization and organizational behavior, including organizational capabilities and the functions of the organizational immune system. Novelty/originality: The novelty of this study is the use oforganizational capabilities as a technique designed to enhance the functions of the organizational immune system which is very rarely done in Insurance companies, especially in Iraqi insurance company.
The effect of environmental accounting as a transparency method the governance on financial results and improvement of the value of economic units
Authors: Sakhil Amel Merzah
Published: September 2022

The goal of this analysis is to investigate and assess the impact of governance structures on the disclosure of environmental accounting on financial results and firm valuation. The research was carried out on companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange in the hospitality sub-sector for the duration of 2015–2019. Sampling is achieved by purposeful sampling. Path analysis and moderated regression analysis are the analysis techniques utilized (MRA). The findings of the direct impact test analysis indicate that the structures of corporate governance that are proxies of global investment and systemic ownership do not influence financial efficiency and corporate valuation. The number of meetings of the audit committee has a considerable impact on financial results and firm value. Financial success has a significant influence on the valuation of firms. Financial results at firm valuation should not be mediated by financial results at firm valuation. Financial performance has been found to be moderated (weaken) by environmental accounting accounts as compared to the company’s valuation. The study also recommends that environmental accounting transparency will weaken financial results relative to firm valuation, which requires the company to improve disclosures in environmental accounting to moderate financial results toward firm valuation.
Investigating the Relationship between Exchange Rate and Stock Price ( Case Study : iran)
Authors: askar Wafaa ibraheem , laftah Fatima musshab , habib Hussain bresam
Published: September 2022

Developing countries such as Iran have a high degree of instability in their macroeconomic variables. In these countries, exchange rates, stock prices, and other significant macro variables are fluctuating compared with advanced and industrial economies, and in turn, this creates an unstable environment for investors. Therefore, to guarantee long-term economic growth, it is necessary to analyze the capital market and the key factors affecting the stock price index, such as the exchange rate and its uncertainty. This study investigates the statistical relationship between exchange rate and stock prices. Accordingly, this study utilizes data on the exchange rate and the price index of the stock exchange during the years 2008-2017 to quantify the relationship between these two variables in the Iranian market. The results of the research show that the relationship between the exchange rate and the stock price index is different. The results indicate that the exchange rate and stock prices change in the same direction, and in a long-term analysis, the change in the exchange rate depends on the change in stock prices.
MEASURING AND ANALYSING THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL TERMS OF TRADE AND SOME AGRICULTURAL VARIABLES IN IRAQ FOR THE PERIOD 1990-2019
Authors: AlAttabi H. A. , AlBadri B. H.
Published: September 2022

The research aims to investigate the existence of a direct causal relationship between selected agricultural vari-ables: agricultural output (as a representative of growth in the agricultural sector), agricultural terms of trade as a completely new variable in agricultural studies in recent years, agricultural labour which is an important part in the total workforce for Iraq, and finally, agricultural investment because of its importance and vital role in the production process, creating job opportunities, and then raising the level of employment, then it's role to achieving agricultural growth and development. For this purpose, the researchers used the Toda-Yamamoto causality methodology for a time series covering from 1990 to 2019. The research found a causal relationship between the agricultural terms of trade TOT and the agricultural labour LA towards agricultural product AP, and the existence of a significant causal relationship from all variables towards agricultural investment INV. Therefore, the research recommends taking in consideration the results mentioned above and working to exploit the opportunities provided by the relationships among studied variables to avoid the reasons for problems such as the presence of terms of trade not in the interest of Iraq, as well as emphasizing the good opportunities, such as the crucial role of agricultural investment in raising the level of agricultural product and employment. As well as the need to adopt the terms of trade criteria as one of the important indicators in making government policies related to the production and export of agricultural products.
The role of sustainable social responsibility in organizational trust An exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of employees at the University of Mosul
Authors: Al-Jarrah Adwa K. H.
Published: September 2022

The aim of the current research is to shed light on the role of sustainable social responsibility as an independent variable represented by its dimensions(economic dimension, legal dimension, moral dimension, charitable dimension) in organizational trust as a dependent variable represented by (trust in the direct supervisor, trust in senior management, trust in colleagues work) and that this organizational confidence is formed by the employees of the organization in which they work on the one hand, and the enhancement of the customer’s confidence in the organization he deals with on the other hand, in an attempt by the researcher to shed light on the importance of sustainable social responsibility and the mechanisms and methods that organizations should adopt in order to Enhancing this responsibility, and in order to achieve the goal of the research, a hypothetical model was designed that shows the nature of the correlation and impact relationships between the research variables and its dimensions. A questionnaire on an intentional sample that consisted of a number of department heads and their rapporteurs in addition to a number of unit and division officials, where (33) questionnaires were retrieved, which were subjected to It was analyzed using the statistical program (SPSS 24), and the research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that sustainable social responsibility revolves around the obligations and duties of the individual and society, which contribute to clarifying the extent of the individual's belonging to the society in which he lives.
The effect of deposits with the Commercial Bank of Baghdad in enhancing the role of loans paid for the period from 2005-2019
Authors: Authafa Heider Hussein , Shuka Sajidin Faraj
Published: September 2022

Bank deposits are one of the most prominent external sources of funding for the bank, which constitutes the main source of the bank’s funds, and then pays these accumulated funds to various investment fields, in the form of loans to regulators and to various projects that need financing. Modern and more developed for the purpose of encouraging deposit and working seriously to keep pace with the times, like developed countries, through, for example, simplifying the withdrawal and deposit procedures, reducing the stages of completion and reducing red tape.
The effect of distances and periods of Agriculture irrigation in the growth and development of shrub Jatropha planted in the province of Muthanna
Authors: Dweny Hakam K.
Published: September 2022

1-The effect of the distances between the Jatropha bushes in the field: the experiment carried out in the Province of Muthanna, where planted on the dimensions of (2meters),and between the planted (1,2 and 3 meters), designed by completed random sectors and three replicates. At the end of the experiment the (2 meters) treatment was significantly exceeded in the most of the traits( the number and the length of the branches, number of leaves, the leaf area of the plant, and chlorophyll content leaves ). 2-The experiment of Irrigation period: that is appropriate during the growing season of the tree. On the basis of the difference in the number of irrigations events (6, 12, and 18 days) in accordance to the designed completed random sectors, and three replications were tested during the year of 2015. Fertilizer applied was 150 kg/ha urea, 100 kg/ha of P2O5 , and 100 kg/ha of K2O. End examined the following attributes (the number of branches of the plant, number of leaves , the leaf area of the plant, chlorophyll content in leaves), the 12 day irrigation interval showed the best performance in terms of tested characteristics.
Response of growth and yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) to different levels of Humic acid and sea- ALgae extract
Authors: الغزال سالم عبدالله يونس
Published: September 2022

The experiment was carried out during spring season of 2021 in two locations; first at village of Al-Thulja (10 km) northwest of Mosul, and second at Al-Shuada’a village (35 km) southwest of Mosul, this experiment aimed study of effect of Humic acid, and Seaweed algae on growth and forage yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.).This experiment was carried out according to Split-plot in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, where the main plot for Seaweed Algae with three levels (0, 2, and 4 ml.L-1) (dissolved in water), while Humic acid with three levels was in sub-plot (0, 6, and 12 kg.ha-1).The most of important results can be summarized as follow: most of growth, and dry forage yield traits at Seaweed Algae (4 ml.L-1) in both locations, were superior of dry forage yield (13 tons.ha-1) at (4 ml.L-1) in second location. Humic acid (12 kg.ha-1) had highest values for all traits at both locations where (12.8, and 12.85 tons.ha-1) for both locations respectively.