bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The results of chemical reclamation of the soil component of natural and seeded meadows in the Non-Black Soil Zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Sychyov S.M. , Malyavko G.P. , Anishchenko L. N. , Semyshev M.V. , Potsepai S.N.
Published: May 2024

The reclamation role of the preparation Kovelos in relation to elements of the heavy metal group – copper and zinc - has been proven: a decrease in their gross concentration when applying a silicon-containing nanopreparation at a dose of 120 kg/ha is statistically significant. Thus, soil grassing in combination with the introduction of a silicon–containing preparation is an effective method of land reclamation in aerotechnogenic pollution areas. It was found that during the four-year period of meliorant application, OCC values in soils grassed with natural and seeded vegetation increased for 3 and 4 years of observation. The differences in the OCC fixation differ unreliably with the variants without the addition of nanosilicon, nevertheless, OCC reserves increase significantly. The range of OCC accumulation as a result of long-term use of chemical meliorant is as follows: caper euphorbia + oats > common timothy > cow clover > koeleria-red fescue > two-source > cow parsnip-foxtail. The use of synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide leads to cheaper reclamation methods, reduced labor and energy costs, the use of an affordable and cheap drug, and the action complexity.
Formation of the financial policy of Russian agro-industrial enterprises in modern conditions
Authors: Zakirova E.R. , Nazarova A.D.
Published: May 2024

Financial policy plays a key role in the management of agro-industrial enterprises, especially in the context of modern economic dynamics and changes. Currently, companies in the agro-industrial sector of Russia are at the stage of active growth, which is due to the systematic support from the state. There is a steady increase in the flow of investments, an increase in the number of new projects and investor activity. The introduction of Western sanctions led to a reduction in foreign investment due to the unstable political situation, but contributed to growth through import substitution programs. This article will examine how the financial policy of companies is formed as a result of investments in various sectors of agriculture. A fuzzy model for assessing investment risks in an agro-industrial holding for technical equipment using Fuzzy Tech technologies is also provided.
Features of state financial regulation of investment activities of agro-industrial enterprises
Authors: Zakirova E.R. , Trushina I.A.
Published: May 2024

The article describes the features of state financial regulation of investment activities of agro-industrial enterprises. The study reflects the key measures provided by the state to stimulate investment in agriculture. The instruments of financial regulation, such as tax incentives, subsidy and credit programs aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of the agricultural sector, are considered. The study also covers the effective use of financial resources, ensuring the availability of capital and supporting innovative projects in the rural economy. As a result of the work, key aspects of the successful state impact on investment processes in the agro-industrial complex are identified, a model of the agro-enterprise ecosystem is proposed, and recommendations on monitoring the financial stability of agro-industrial enterprises are provided.
The role of mineral fertilizers in the creation of pasture agrophytocenoses
Authors: Vakhrusheva V.V. , Pryadilshchikova E.N. , Chernysheva O.O.
Published: May 2024

The scientific paper presents the results of research for 2023, carried out at the experimental field of North-West Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Economy in the Vologda region, on the influence of mineral fertilizers on the productivity and nutritional value of perennial cereals and legume-cereal grass mixtures. During the research, a noticeable effect of the nitrogen dose on the yield of the dry mass of the grass mixture was established. With an increase in the dose of nitrogen application by 30 kg a.d., the yield increase may average 0.408 tons. In total, during the season on herbage with the use of fertilizers, productivity amounted to 9.16-10.27 tons of dry weight, crude fat content 0.28-0.31 tons, crude protein 1.4-1.55 tons, metabolic energy – 92.65-103.84 GJ. The nutritional value on average for 4 cycles of bleaching on cereals and legume-cereal herbage with the use of fertilizers was 14.59‒15.77% crude protein, 20.74-23.99% crude fiber, 24.14-26.74% ADF, 43.64-49.58% NDF.
Numerical solutions to Hyperbolic Maxwell quasi-variational inequalities in Bean–Kim model for type-II superconductivity
Authors: Hensel Maurice , Winckler Malte , Yousept Irwin
Published: May 2024

This paper is devoted to the finite element analysis for the Bean–Kim model governed by the full 3D Maxwell equations. Describing type-II superconductivity at the macroscopic level, this model leads to a challenging coupled system consisting of the Faraday equation and a hyperbolic quasi-variational inequality (QVI) of the second kind with L1-type nonlinearity, that arises explicitly from the magnetic field dependency in the critical current. With the involved Maxwell coupling in the 3D H(curl)-setting, the hyperbolic QVI character poses the primary challenge in the numerical investigation. Two mixed finite element methods based on implicit Euler and leapfrog time-stepping are proposed. On the one hand, the implicit Euler method results in a nonstandard system of curl-curl elliptic QVI with a first-order curl-type nonlinearity. Though the well-posedness of this system is guaranteed, its numerical realization is not straightforward and requires the use of a two-stage iteration process of high computational complexity. On the other hand, by approximating the electric and magnetic fields at two different time step levels, the leapfrog method turns out to be more suitable as it naturally eliminates the notorious QVI structure. More importantly, utilizing suited subdifferential and optimization techniques, we are able to prove an efficiently computable explicit formula for its exact solution in terms of the electric field, which makes its numerical computation substantially more favorable than the Euler method. As further advantages, the leapfrog method applies to broad scenarios involving low regular data of bounded variation (BV) in time for both the applied current source and the temperature distribution. Through nonstandard technical arguments tailored to the BV data, our analysis proves the conditional stability and, eventually, the uniform convergence of the proposed leapfrog method. This paper is closed by 3D numerical tests showcasing the reasonable and efficient performance of the proposed numerical solution.
Simple models for ice simulation for hydrotechnical engineering
Authors: Sharapov Dmitry
Published: May 2024

The mechanical behaviour of ice is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by various factors, such as temperature, loading conditions, and structural geometry. To accurately predict the response of ice structures and estimate ice loads, appropriate models are required. In this article, we have reviewed several widely known material models for ice, including elastic, viscoelastic, plastic, damage, and fracture models. Elastic models are simple and easy to use, but they do not account for the time-dependent behaviour of ice. Viscoelastic models, on the other hand, can predict the evolution of damage and failure in ice structures but can be computationally ex-pensive. Plastic models can simulate the ductile behaviour of ice under high stress but do not account for damage and fracture. Damage models can simulate the evolution of damage and failure in ice structures but can also be computationally expensive. Fracture models can simulate the brittle behaviour of ice and predict crack propagation but require accurate input data. In practice, a combination of models is often used to account for different aspects of ice behaviour. With the advances in computer technology and simulation techniques, it is be-coming increasingly possible to simulate more complex ice structures and loading conditions. This could lead to the development of more accurate and efficient ice models that can be used for a wider range of applications, such as predicting the behaviour of ice structures in response to climate change. The effects of climate change on the behaviour of ice and the resulting impact on infrastructure are a growing concern. Therefore, the development of more accurate and efficient ice models is critical for the sustainable development of these regions.
Long-term prediction of runoff of Heiher River in China based on EMD-LSTM networks
Authors: Xue Heru , Wu Guodong
Published: May 2024

Due to the influence of global climate change and human activities, the time series data of river runoff become complex and non-stationary. These properties make sequence prediction difficult and with low accuracy. In order to improve the prediction accuracy, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) was introduced to Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks in this paper. The EMD decomposed a non-stationary time series into multiple components. We trained an LSTM network for each component, and added their predictions to obtain the final forecasting value of original sequence. At last, the EMD-LSTM model was applied to the annual runoff sequence in the upper Heihe River. By comparing with single LSTM, it shows that the EMD-LSTM has higher accuracy for the long-term prediction of river runoff.
Development and initial validation of the metaverse worry inventory
Authors: Xu Changqin , Unger Alexander , Bi Chongzeng
Published: May 2024

Concern over the rapidly evolving metaverse is growing, leading to the development of the "metaverse worry". Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop an appropriate psychometric instrument to measure metaverse worry. The Metaverse Worry Inventory (MWI) was developed through two studies (N = 672). In Study 1, rigorous processes including item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis revealed two reliable factors for the 10-item inventory: negative belief and negative feeling. The MWI had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.89) and medium test-retest reliability (r = 0.62). In study 2, good criterion-related validity of the MWI was confirmed by examining the MWI's relationship with intolerance of uncertainty and Big Five personality. The MWI captured the latent variables of metaverse worry and is essential for promoting metaverse development and alleviating worries.
Rumor detection technology based on ubiquitous relationship
Authors: Ren Kelan , Wei Bin , Jiang Wen , Yan Facheng , Zhang Mingshu
Published: May 2024

This paper addresses the limitations of existing rumor detection methods that heavily rely on single or local features, which restrict their ability to capture comprehensive and detailed characteristics of rumors. The main objective of this study is to enhance the efficiency of rumor detection. To achieve this, we propose a novel approach that integrates user attributes, comment structure, and propagation models, introducing the concept of ubiquitous relationships for messages in social networks. We construct a Tweet-word-user ubiquitous relationship network using a propagation model and further leverage the Graph Convolutional Neural Network (GCN) to enhance semantic features. Consequently, we present a novel rumor detection model, the Ubiquitous Relationship-based Graph Convolutional Neural Network (U-GCN), which effectively combines user, text, and comment features within a unified framework, while also enhancing semantic features from the source post for comprehensive detection. Extensive experiments are conducted on two publicly available Twitter Datasets. The results demonstrate that our proposed U-GCN model achieves an accuracy rate of above 0.9, outperforming methods that solely consider single or local features. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of leveraging ubiquitous relationships in rumor detection.
Promoting the reform of college physics teaching through information-based means
Authors: Lv Hao , Liu Qiaojun , Guo Guanghai
Published: May 2024

With the advent of the artificial intelligence era, advanced information technology has been widely applied in physics teaching. In the reform of college physics teaching, it is of great significance to determine the orientation of information-based teaching. By fully utilizing online resources, combining multimedia teaching with traditional teaching, and using the latest interactive media, college physics classroom teaching can be further optimized to improve the efficiency of classroom teaching.
Research on cultivating computational thinking in university computer courses - Based on PBL strategies
Authors: Wang Qun , Liu Mei
Published: May 2024

This study focuses on the cultivation of computational thinking in the "University Computer" course, proposing a teaching model strategy based on PBL (Problem-Based Learning). By designing authentic and challenging teaching problems, students are guided to actively explore and collaborate to solve them, thereby cultivating their computational thinking abilities. The research found that the PBL teaching model can effectively enhance students' computational thinking skills, as well as strengthen their problem-solving and innovation abilities. Additionally, this study also discusses the issues and challenges encountered during implementation, providing valuable insights for future teaching practices.
Application of data visualization in enterprise data analysis
Authors: Qu Kecheng
Published: May 2024

Data visualization is an indispensable part of data analysis, transforming abstract data into intuitive information through charts, images and other forms to help people better understand the laws and trends behind the data. As the volume of data continues to increase, people need to understand and analyze data more intuitively and effectively. As a result, data visualization becomes a powerful tool that can help people extract useful information from massive amounts of data and present it in an intuitive way. This paper will focus on the concept, technology and application of data visualization to discuss the importance and development trend of data visualization in the field of enterprise intelligence.
A study on performance optimization of multi-threading and concurrency handling techniques in android applications
Authors: Liu Mei , Wang Qun
Published: May 2024

With the rapid development of mobile internet, Android applications have become an indispensable part of people's daily lives. However, as the functionality of applications continues to increase, complexity also rises, making it one of the major challenges to efficiently and stably run applications with limited system resources. Multi-threading and concurrency handling techniques provide effective means to address this issue. This paper first analyzes the current status and challenges of applying multi-threading and concurrency handling techniques in Android application development, proposes targeted performance optimization improvements, validates their effectiveness through experiments, and finally summarizes the research results and looks ahead to future research directions.
A study of L2 incidental vocabulary acquisition through different translation tasks
Authors: Shi Meimei
Published: May 2024

To date, most studies have focused on IVA through reading, speaking and listening, with few research on the function of translation tasks. This study investigates the effectiveness of different translation tasks on college student L2 IVA and retention. 60 Chinese College students taking English as L2, were divided into 2 parallel groups, finished different translation tasks (L1-L2 and L2-L1) respectively, and then underwent immediate and delayed vocabulary post-tests. The results showed that (1) both translation tasks facilitate learners’ L2 IVA with L1-L2 translation task performing better; (2) L1-L2 translation task generates a higher level of productive vocabulary knowledge; (3) the IVA of both tasks decrease dramatically over time, and the advantage of L1-L2 in promoting higher level of vocabulary knowledge gradually vanishes. The findings enrich the scope of IVA study, verify the value of translation exercise on L2 IVA and provide useful and practical implications for IVA teaching and learning.
Reflection on the blockchain application in Chinese public health financial institutions governance
Authors: Ma Kailiang
Published: May 2024

This paper identifies three aspects of challenges in blockchain practices through textual analysis and case studies in the governance of Chinese public health financial institutions. First, given the conflict of interest in corporate governance, under the background of shareholder activism, the attitude of controlling shareholders towards blockchain technology can become a crucial force in technology commercialization. Second, the massive amount of data derived from blockchain technology can lead to privacy protection problems in the financial development of the public health industry. Third, the lack of business customs can become a commercial factor hindering the application of blockchain technology. Therefore, reflecting on blockchain technology in corporate governance can facilitate the public health industry to adapt to the new opportunities brought by technological changes and cope with risks in advance. These findings are innovative and could provide insights into the future cross-border governance of blockchain technology.
Ecological governance of Hainan coastline from the perspective of one health: A case study of the sustainable development of people’s livelihood after the coastline of Qionghai city was repopulated
Authors: Huang Meichun , Li Yutong , Yu Yonghui , Ma Jinhui
Published: May 2024

Purposes It aims to discuss how to effectively carry out the ecological governance of the coastline of Qionghai City, Hainan Province under the concept of One Health [1] to promote the sustainable development of residents’ income and provide practical cases and theoretical references for the ecological governance of the Hainan Coastline. Methods Use field research and random interview methods to obtain relevant data and conduct quantitative analysis. Results and shortcomings Residents’ income has stable growth, water pollution control effects are outstanding, and the governance of air pollution is obvious. However, there are still problems such as serious degradation of coral reef ecosystems and lack of effective funding for ecological compensation, mainly due to the threat of insufficient capital investment and human activities. Conclusions It is recommended to improve the sustainable development capacity of the township governments, build a reasonable ecological compensation mechanism, accelerate the transformation of the township governments to the ecological government, increase the implementation of green GDP, form a virtuous circle of compared to achieve ecological environmental protection and economic development. Department decision -making provides a scientific basis.
Analysis of the instrumental problem of doctor-patient relationship in doctor-patient communication
Authors: He Qiang , Zhang Yuzhu
Published: May 2024

Doctor-patient communication requires mutual trust, mutual respect and mutual participation of both doctors and patients. However, the current consumer society makes the doctor-patient relationship a humanized service based on exchange, and the doctor-patient relationship becomes the medium of the consumption process. Technical medicine makes the doctor-patient relationship ignore the narrative of emotion and human nature, leading to the instrumentalization of the doctor-patient relationship. To realize the doctor-patient relationship by the tool-oriented tendency, we need to transform the medical staff service concept, strengthen medical humanities education, enhance the medical students’ belief of heal the wounded and rescue the dying, guard the sacred feeling of life and the sense of mission of protecting human health.
The impact of shared leadership on team performance in college student teams: The mediating role of team trust
Authors: Liao Hungyi , Shaw Kanghwa , Jia Zhiqian
Published: May 2024

With the improvement in the diversity of college students’ teams, the environment they face is becoming increasingly complex and dynamic. It is particularly important for team members to cooperate for mutual progress and growth. From the perspective of college student teams, this study explored the influence of shared leadership on team performance and analysed the mediating role of team trust. A questionnaire was administered to 185 college students. The results show that shared leadership positively impacts team performance; shared leadership has a positive impact on team trust; team trust mediates between shared leadership and team performance. Finally, based on the research results, this study proposes corresponding management suggestions and provides a feasible direction for improving the efficiency of teams of college students.
Policy evolution and enlightenment of Japan’s forest healthcare industry
Authors: Fan Xiying
Published: May 2024

Japan’s forest healthcare industry has developed rather early in the world, and has gone through three stages: formation of conditions, active exploration stage and vigorous development stage. The writer , as from a country which started forest healthcare industry only ten years ago, and faces many problems, especially in the government’s policies, tries to explore Japan’s policies in different stages through interviews with the experts and reading the documents, and tries to find the Enlightenment of Japan’s forest healthcare industry to China. The author finds, Japanese government has adopted a series of policies and regulations to support the development of the forest healthcare industry, such as forest laws and forest park system, promotion of the concept of forest bathing, construction of forest therapy bases and the professionalization of talents, and forest tourism The Japanese government’s policies has several inspirations for China: firstly, strengthening research on forest efficacy, establishing and popularizing the concept of forest healthcare, and promoting the professional talent training and qualification certificate system, promoting the standardization of China’s forest healthcare industry development, and assisting in the implementation of the national strategy of healthy China and ecological civilization construction.
Optimal parameters of shock tubes to simulate the high explosive effect of a blast
Authors: Chernyshov Mikhail V. , Savelova Karina E. , Yatsenko Anna A.
Published: May 2024

The problem of generating pressure waves with a profile similar to the profile of a blast wave in closed shock tubes with constant cross-section is considered. Applying non-stationary gas dynamics methods, the dimensions (lengths) of high and low pressure chambers are determined analytically and numerically. Also, the gas parameters in those chambers necessary to produce pressure waves with a profile close to triangular are determined.
Research on the construction of MEM “project bidding and contract management” teaching case library
Authors: Li Weifang , Lin Ling
Published: May 2024

Case teaching is an important way to strengthen the training of practical ability of professional degree graduate students. With the rapid development of Master of Engineering Management (MEM) in China in recent years, the cases for the teaching of MEM curriculum need constantly renewed, further excavation, more collection and application, to form a systematic case library. Pushing forward the construction of case library in teaching of MEM professional degree graduate students help case teaching play full advantage. Taking the case library of “Project bidding and contract management” course for example, the paper expounds the relevant theoretical basis of teaching case library construction of professional degree postgraduate courses. And the paper puts forward some design principles and strategies of the construction of case library. Finally, the paper presents the application effects of “Project bidding and contract management” case library. It is hoped that the paper can provide some reference for improving the training quality of MEM professional degree graduate students.
Notions of success and its causes among men and women with different expressions of the motive for striving for success
Authors: Dzhaneryan S.T. , Gvozdeva D.I. , Kuzminskaia M. , Gabdulina L.I. , Kim A.E.
Published: May 2024

One of the features of the modern world is the idealization of a person’s individual success. Therewith, a society’s understanding of success does not always correlate with its individual representation. We conducted a study aimed at establishing interpretations of success and its causes in various fields of life among men and women with different expressions of the motive for striving for success. Methods: survey; content analysis; testing (methodology of A. Megrabian); cross section method; statistical data processing methods. Results: It was found that the interpretation of success in the professional, family and hobby fields is identical for men and women, regardless of the level of expression of their motive for striving for success; in other fields, the interpretation of success varies with different expressions of said motive. Conclusion: studying notions of success is important for understanding the life aspirations of young people and ideas about their life guidelines. As has been shown, with high achievement motivation, success is primarily explained by one’s personal characteristics, and not by their experience and knowledge, which raises the question of the need to pay attention to personality development.
Hirntoddiagnostik: Einsatz ergänzender apparativer Untersuchungen
Authors: Walter Uwe
Published: May 2024

With the determination of the definitive, irreversible loss of the overall function of the cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem (irreversible loss of brain function, IHA, "brain death"), the death of the human being is determined from a scientific-medical point of view. The determination of IHA, with cardiovascular function being maintained by intensive care, requires special diagnostics ("brain death diagnostics"). This is carried out in the intensive care unit either to assess the medical prognosis, or as a prerequisite for post-mortem organ donation. In Germany, in accordance with the Transplantation Act, the procedural rules for determining IHA are laid down in corresponding guidelines of the German Medical Association (RL-BÄK), the 5th update of which has been in force since September 2022. Here, the indications, the requirements and the technical procedures of ancillary tests (electroencephalography, early auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials, Doppler and duplex sonography, computed tomography angiography, radionuclide perfusion scintigraphy, digital subtraction angiography) according to the German guidelines are outlined.
Instructions for meaningful figures in radiological research publications
Authors: Pape Luca Julius , Hambach Julia , Bannas Peter
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we explain the structure and function of different types of figures and provide guidance on how to create effective figures for radiological research publications.

Based on scientific literature and our own experience, we have compiled a series of instructions to support the purposeful creation of effective figures for radiological research publications.

Effective figures play a crucial role in radiological research publications by clearly visualizing complex content and thereby enhancing its comprehensibility. Different types of figures have distinct strengths that should be strategically employed for optimal impact. The interplay between figures weaves the “common thread” of a publication, facilitating reader comprehension and providing a straightforward path to the answer of the central research question. The systematic coordination (line of evidence) and effective design of individual figures are crucial to compellingly support the publication’s central hypothesis.

The deliberate creation and coordination of figures in radiological research publications are decisive factors for successful publishing.
Regionale Gesamtversorgung von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen
– Chance für Transparenz und innovative Evaluation
Authors: Priebe Stefan , Brieger Peter
Published: May 2024

Vor dem Hintergrund der Diskussion um eine regionale Gesamtversorgung psychisch
kranker Menschen diskutiert der Aufsatz die Möglichkeit einer umfassenden,
transparenten und sinnvollen Evaluation. Dazu werden Vorschläge zur Erfassung
von Struktur, Prozessen und konkreten Ergebniskriterien dargestellt. Es sollen
Daten erhoben werden, die für alle Ebenen einer Gesundheitsorganisation
transparent und handlungsrelevant sind. Die vorgeschlagene Evaluation wäre
innovativ, bedeutsam für einzelne Patienten, Behandlungseinheiten, Einrichtungen
und ganze Regionen, und somit ein Ansatz für eine datengestützte andauernde
Qualitätsverbesserung.
Diabetes Insipidus after Endoscopic Endonasal Pituitary Macroadenoma Resection: Correlation of Patient and Surgery-Related Risk Factors
Authors: Hosri Jad , Abi Zeid Daou Christophe , Darwish Hussein , Korban Zeina
Published: May 2024

Purpose This article aims to identify patient- and surgery-related factors that could predict the development of postoperative central diabetes insipidus (DI).

Methods This is a retrospective case–control study conducted at a single-institution tertiary referral center. Patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery for pituitary adenoma between November 2018 and April 2023 were recruited. The main outcome measures collected include age, gender, comorbidities, tumor type, postoperative DI, intraoperative and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, flow of CSF leak, number of layers required for repair, the use of nasal packing, and hospital length of stay.

Results A total of 20 patients developed DI postoperatively. Patients' demographic and comorbidity profile did not correlate with DI development. The encounter of an intraoperative CSF leak was correlated with postop DI (chi-square (1) = 18.35, p < 0.001) with a relative risk (RR) of 2.7 (confidence interval [CI] = 1.37–5.28). The use of nasal packs was also correlated with postop DI (chi-square (1) = 10.17, p = 0.001) with a RR of 1.8 (CI = 1.15–2.87). Defects requiring a two or more layers for reconstruction also correlated with postop DI compared to single layer repairs (chi-square (1) = 12.15, p < 0.001) irrelevant of the materials used. Development of DI postop correlated with an increased hospital length of stay (t(64) = –3.35, p = 0.001).

Conclusion The physician should be careful when evaluating patients with pituitary adenomas in the postoperative period, particularly those with intraoperative CSF leak, nasal packing, and those who underwent multilayer reconstruction of the surgical defect.
A computer-aided detection system in the everyday setting of diagnostic, screening, and surveillance colonoscopy: an international, randomized trial
Authors: Maas Michiel H. J. , Rath Timo , Spada Cristiano , Soons Elsa , Forbes Nauzer , Kashin Sergey , Cesaro Paola , Eickhoff Axel , Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Salvi Daniele , Belletrutti Paul J. , Siersema Peter D. ,   for the Discovery study team
Published: May 2024

Background Computer-aided detection (CADe) has been developed to improve detection during colonoscopy. After initial reports of high efficacy, there has been an increasing recognition of variability in the effectiveness of CADe systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate a CADe system in a varied colonoscopy population.

Methods A multicenter, randomized trial was conducted at seven hospitals (both university and non-university) in Europe and Canada. Participants referred for diagnostic, non-immunochemical fecal occult blood test (iFOBT) screening, or surveillance colonoscopy were randomized (1:1) to undergo CADe-assisted or conventional colonoscopy by experienced endoscopists. Participants with insufficient bowel preparation were excluded from the analysis. The primary outcome was adenoma detection rate (ADR). Secondary outcomes included adenomas per colonoscopy (APC) and sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) per colonoscopy.

Results 581 participants were enrolled, of whom 497 were included in the final analysis: 250 in the CADe arm and 247 in the conventional colonoscopy arm. The indication was surveillance in 202/497 colonoscopies (40.6 %), diagnostic in 199/497 (40.0 %), and non-iFOBT screening in 96/497 (19.3 %). Overall, ADR (38.4 % vs. 37.7 %; P = 0.43) and APC (0.66 vs. 0.66; P = 0.97) were similar between CADe and conventional colonoscopy. SSLs per colonoscopy was increased (0.30 vs. 0.19; P = 0.049) in the CADe arm vs. the conventional colonoscopy arm.

Conclusions In this study conducted by experienced endoscopists, CADe did not result in a statistically significant increase in ADR. However, the ADR of our control group substantially surpassed our sample size assumptions, increasing the risk of an underpowered trial.
Closing the Gap: Approaches to Improving Colorectal Surgery Care for the Uninsured and Underinsured
Authors: Isenberg Erin , Harbaugh Calista
Published: May 2024

Health insurance plays a critical role in access to and delivery of health care in the United States. As the only industrialized nation without universal health coverage, Americans without adequate insurance (i.e., uninsured or underinsured individuals) face numerous obstacles to obtaining necessary health care. In this article, we review the mechanisms by which inadequate insurance leads to worse clinical outcomes in patients with common benign and malignant colorectal pathologies. We then discuss several evidence-based solutions for improving access to optimal colorectal care for these patients. These include increasing access to and affordability of health insurance, mitigating disparities between differently insured populations, strengthening the health care safety net, and tailoring outreach and clinical decision-making for the uninsured and underinsured. By exploring the nuance and impact of inadequate insurance coverage, we ultimately seek to highlight critical opportunities for future research and advocacy within the realm of insurance design and policy.
The Belt and Road Initiative and Dynamics of Structural Transformation
Authors: Calabrese Linda , Jenkins Rhys , Lombardozzi Lorena
Published: May 2024

Structural transformation is among the core questions in development economics, but in recent decades, the discipline has shifted its focus away from production and transformation in favour of analyses on exchange, growth and productivity. Yet, the structural transformation question remains central, and needs to be confronted with the main changes in the global economic and political landscape, such as the emergence of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). With its emphasis on an infrastructure-based connectivity agenda, the BRI opens the space for a paradigm shift in development, and for a renewed emphasis on structural transformation. This article introduces a special issue that explores the role of the BRI in promoting structural transformation in low- and middle-income countries, to understand if and under which conditions the BRI creates pathways that can change the structure of the economies. Through an explicit focus on the role of BRI on transformation in low- and middle-income countries, this special issue examines how domestic institutions regulate and coordinate production diversification, national and international sectoral specificities, and drivers and barriers to technological innovation and trade. In this sense, the special issue sheds light on new conceptualisations and empirical examples of industrial policies.
Supply chain transformational leadership and resilience: the mediating role of ambidextrous business model
Authors: Feng Taiwen , Si Zhihui , Jiang Wenbo , Tan Jianyu
Published: May 2024

The global prevalence of COVID-19 has caused many supply chain disruptions, which calls for firms to build resilient supply chains. Prior research primarily examined the effects of firm resources or capabilities on supply chain resilience (SCR), with limited attention given to the critical role of supply chain transformational leadership (SCTL). Based on social learning theory, we explore how SCTL impacts SCR via an ambidextrous business model and the moderating role of paradox cognition. We employ hierarchical regression analysis to verify the hypotheses with data from 317 Chinese firms. The results show that SCTL has a positive impact on proactive and reactive SCR, and the ambidextrous business model mediates this relationship. Furthermore, paradox cognition strengthens the effect of SCTL on the ambidextrous business model. This study contributes to literature and practices in the field of transformational leadership and SCR by providing unique insights into how to improve SCR from a leadership perspective.
Enhanced second-order nonlinear susceptibility in type-II asymmetric quantum well structures
Authors: Schaefer Stephen T. , Ju Zheng , Liu Xiaoyang , Qi Xin , Khurgin Jacob , Zhang Yong-Hang
Published: May 2024

Asymmetric quantum wells (AQWs) utilizing interband transitions enhance second-order susceptibility over a wide wavelength range compared to natural crystals. The nonlinear susceptibility is further enhanced in AQWs with type-II band alignment as compared to type-I band alignment, a result of the larger interband charge shift. This enhancement is demonstrated in this work by analyzing three type-I and type-II AQW designs based on the lattice-matched InP/AlGaInAs materials systems using the envelope wavefunction approximation. The calculated interband second-order susceptibility tensor elements in type-II structures range between 20 and 1.60 × 103 pm/V for nearly resonant optical rectification and difference frequency generation applications at near-infrared and terahertz wavelengths, an improvement of nearly 1 order of magnitude over the type-I structures and 1–2 orders of magnitude over natural crystals such as LiNbO3, KTiOPO4 (KTP), or GaAs. A factor of 2–3 further enhancement of the tensor elements is achieved by optimizing the well widths and band offsets of the type-II asymmetric quantum wells. The type-II structure can be implemented in other material systems spanning the longwave infrared to visible wavelengths, enhancing nonlinear susceptibility for various applications, including photonic integrated circuits.
Numerical simulation of dynamic layer freeze desalination within an indirect contact freeze crystallizer
Authors: Moradian Amiresmaeil , Jafarian Ali
Published: May 2024

In the current study, a dynamic layer freeze desalination system is simulated numerically. The computational domain is a two-dimensional rectangular channel which contains inlet and outlet flows, and the simulation is performed using computational fluid dynamics. A pre-concentrated mixture is considered as the feed solution with an initial temperature and concentration of 257 K and 0.2 kg/kg, respectively. In this work, since the simulation parameters such as temperature and species mass fraction have high importance across the entire domain, the k–ω shear stress transport turbulence model was selected. A parametric study on the effect of the heat flux of the cold wall on the ice salinity and desalination rate is performed using three cases with heat fluxes of −1000, −1500, and −3000 Wm−2. It is observed that the ice generation speed in the case with a heat flux of −3000 Wm−2 is 3.28 times greater compared to the case with −1000 Wm−2 and its desalination rate is only 2.59% lower. The effect of the inlet velocity on the mentioned parameters is also investigated. It is observed that the cases with turbulent flow have approximately 19% and 23% lower ice salinity compared to the case with laminar flow.
Evolutionary game and simulation analysis of three parties of electricity market regulation under government participation mechanism
Authors: Hou Menglin , Luo Zhumei , Qing Shan , Zhang Xiaoxu
Published: May 2024

Promoting the widespread access and integration of new energy generation into existing power markets is a key strategy for China to achieve peak carbon and carbon neutrality. A joint regulatory mechanism composed of government regulators, power generation enterprises, and third-party testing organizations has become an effective way to ensure the stable operation of the power market and safeguard the economic interest of all parties. In order to analyze the key factors affecting the mechanism and improve the regulatory efficiency, this paper constructs a three-party evolutionary game model, explores the motivations of the participants under different strategy choices, and establishes a set of indicator systems for evaluating producers. The evolutionary game model is numerically simulated using the unified dynamics method, and the evolutionary stable strategy analysis is used to reveal how the key parameters affect the outcome of the game and its dynamic process, so as to find out the potential driving factors affecting the strategy choices. The results of the study show that in the early stage of market development, it is crucial to improve the profitability of firms, and the government needs to impose strict penalties and high incentives. As the market gradually matures and becomes more transparent, the government can gradually reduce the level of penalties. At the same time, ensuring accountability mechanisms from higher authorities to the government is key to ensure the effectiveness of regulation. This study provides an important theoretical basis and policy recommendations for constructing a new regulatory structure for the electricity market.
A new compact symmetric shear diamond anvil cell for in situ high-pressure-torsion studies
Authors: Pandey K. K. , Poswal H. K.
Published: May 2024

In situ studies under severe plastic deformation at high pressures, employing shear diamond anvil cells, have recently gained much interest in the high-pressure community owing to their potential applications in material processing methods, mechanochemistry, and geophysics. These studies, combined with multi-scale computational simulations, provide important insights into the transient hierarchical microstructural evolution, structural phase transitions, and orientation relationship between parent and daughter phases and help establish the kinetics of strain-induced phase transitions under severe plastic deformation. The existing SDACs are mostly used in axial x-ray diffraction geometry due to geometrical constraints providing less reliable information about stress states and texture. Their asymmetric design also poses serious limitations to high-pressure shear studies on single crystals. To overcome these limitations, a new compact symmetric shear diamond anvil cell has been designed and developed for in situ high-pressure torsion studies on materials. The symmetric angular opening and short working distance in this new design help obtain a more reliable crystallographic orientation distribution function and lattice strain states up to a large Q range. Here, we present the advantages of the symmetric design with a few demonstrative studies.
Deep learning-based predictive models for laser direct drive at the Omega Laser Facility
Authors: Ejaz R. , Gopalaswamy V. , Lees A. , Kanan C. , Cao D. , Betti R.
Published: May 2024

The rich and complex physics of inertial confinement fusion provides a unique and challenging space for high-fidelity first-principles modeling. Consequently, simulation codes that are used to design experiments are computationally expensive and lack the predictive capability required for extensive parameter exploration in search of a high-performing design for laser direct drive. In this article, we present two deep-learning-based predictive models intended to address these difficulties. The first model (TL DNN) acts as a fast emulator of simulations as well as experiments at the Omega Laser Facility. This model is trained on a simulation database and subsequently calibrated on experimental data using transfer learning. To facilitate the development of this model, an autoencoder is developed to reduce the dimensionality of the input space by compressing the laser pulse input. The model predicts key experimental scalar observables of Omega experiments with high accuracy and minimal computational cost. This deep neural net enables rapid exploration of a high-dimensional input parameter space for an optimal implosion design. The second model (DNN SM+) aims to extend the statistical modeling work of Lees et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 105001 (2021)], by increasing the complexity of the model space and allowing for coupling between degradation terms. Since the model capacity of DNN SM+ is higher than the model of Lees et al., DNN SM+ can potentially provide an improvement in predictive capability, and we use this model to provide insight into complicated degradation dependencies.
Performance evaluation of modified pintle-type fuel injector for LRE (liquid rocket engine)
Authors: Uppu Shiva Prasad , Krishnan Naren Shankar Radha , Mortha Suresh Kumar , Reddy Konda Maha Sree Vaibhav
Published: May 2024

This research focuses on the fluid dynamics analysis and empirical validation of a modified pintle-type fuel injector through computational modeling. The primary aim is to assess the injector's performance metrics, including spray dispersion and orientation, flow velocity, turbulence levels, and vortex formation, by adjusting the pintle's positioning, which inherently modulates the flow rate. The observed effects draw parallels with the interactions seen in conical spray and hollow cone swirl atomizers. A pintle-type fuel injector model was developed using geometric design software, and computational fluid dynamics simulations were conducted to ensure effective fuel and oxidizer blending. This study evaluates key performance indicators, such as thrust output and combustion efficiency, under specific operational pressures and velocities at the injector's orifice.
Frequency mismatch analysis of hemispherical shell resonators with both radius and thickness imperfections
Authors: Deng Kaixin , Zeng Libin , Pan Yao , Jia Yonglei , Luo Yiming , Tao Yunfeng , Yuan Jie
Published: May 2024

The hemispherical shell resonator (HSR) is the core element of the hemispherical resonator gyroscope (HRG), and its frequency mismatch is a key property influencing gyroscope accuracy. Investigating the mechanism of frequency mismatch is vital for improving the quality of HSRs and performance of HRGs. Midsurface radius imperfections and thickness imperfections are two principal causes of frequency mismatch, but their combined effects have rarely been discussed. This paper develops a model to comprehensively analyze the frequency mismatch of HSRs with both radius and thickness imperfections. The model derives a quantitative relation between the frequency mismatch and the two imperfections, and provides principles for evaluating dominant imperfections. To validate the model, we conduct experiments on a batch of 12 HSRs with random geometric imperfections. We apply the model in calculating the theoretical frequency mismatches of these HSRs, and the results agree well with the experimental data. The experiment also confirms that for macro-HSRs, thickness imperfections have a larger impact than radius imperfections, and the frequency mismatch is approximately linear to the fourth thickness harmonic. Our research can be a useful reference for the design and fabrication of HSRs and may open new possibilities for high-precision manufacture of HRGs.