bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Gradual emergence followed by exponential spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Africa
Authors: Fischer Carlo , Maponga Tongai Gibson , Yadouleton Anges , Abílio Nuro , Aboce Emmanuel , Adewumi Praise , Afonso Pedro , Akorli Jewelna , Andriamandimby Soa Fy , Anga Latifa , Ashong Yvonne , Beloufa Mohamed Amine , Bensalem Aicha , Birtles Richard , Boumba Anicet Luc Magloire , Bwanga Freddie , Chaponda Mike , Chibukira Paradzai , Chico R. Matthew , Chileshe Justin , Chongwe Gershom , Cissé Assana , D’Alessandro Umberto , de Lamballerie Xavier Nicolas , de Morais Joana F. M. , Derrar Fawzi , Dia Ndongo , Diarra Youssouf , Doumbia Lassina , Drosten Christian , Dussart Philippe , Echodu Richard , Eggers Yannik , Eloualid Abdelmajid , Faye Ousmane , Feldt Torsten , Frühauf Anna , Halatoko Afiwa , Ilouga Pauliana-Vanessa , Ismael Nalia , Jambou Ronan , Jarju Sheikh , Kamprad Antje , Katowa Ben , Kayiwa John , King’wara Leonard , Koita Ousmane , Lacoste Vincent , Lagare Adamou , Landt Olfert , Lekana-Douki Sonia Etenna , Lekana-Douki Jean-Bernard , Iipumbu Etuhole , Loemba Hugues , Lutwama Julius , Mamadou Santou , Maman Issaka , Manyisa Brendon , Martinez Pedro A. , Matoba Japhet , Mhuulu Lusia , Moreira-Soto Andres , Mwangi Judy , N´dilimabaka Nadine , Nassuna Charity Angella , Ndiath Mamadou Ousmane , Nepolo Emmanuel , Njouom Richard , Nourlil Jalal , Nyanjom Steven Ger , Odari Eddy Okoth , Okeng Alfred , Ouoba Jean Bienvenue , Owusu Michael , Owusu Donkor Irene , Phadu Karabo Kristen , Phillips Richard Odame , Preiser Wolfgang , Ruhanya Vurayai , Salah Fortune , Salifou Sourakatou , Sall Amadou Alpha , Sylverken Augustina Angelina , Tagnouokam-Ngoupo Paul Alain , Tarnagda Zekiba , Tchikaya Francis Olivier , Tufa Tafese Beyene , Drexler Jan Felix
Published: December 2022

The geographic and evolutionary origins of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (BA.1), which was first detected mid-November 2021 in Southern Africa, remain unknown. We tested 13,097 COVID-19 patients sampled between mid-2021 to early 2022 from 22 African countries for BA.1 by real-time RT-PCR. By November-December 2021, BA.1 had replaced the Delta variant in all African sub-regions following a South-North gradient, with a peak Rt of 4.1. Polymerase chain reaction and near-full genome sequencing data revealed genetically diverse Omicron ancestors already existed across Africa by August 2021. Mutations, altering viral tropism, replication and immune escape, gradually accumulated in the spike gene. Omicron ancestors were therefore present in several African countries months before Omicron dominated transmission. These data also indicate that travel bans are ineffective in the face of undetected and widespread infection.
Creation of an ultracold gas of triatomic molecules from an atom–diatomic molecule mixture
Authors: Yang Huan , Cao Jin , Su Zhen , Rui Jun , Zhao Bo , Pan Jian-Wei
Published: December 2022

In recent years, there has been notable progress in the preparation and control of ultracold gases of diatomic molecules. The next experimental challenge is the production of ultracold polyatomic molecular gases. Here, we report the creation of an ultracold gas of
23
Na
40
K
2
triatomic molecules from a mixture of ground-state sodium-23–potassium-40 (
23
Na
40
K) molecules and potassium-40 (
40
K) atoms. The triatomic molecules were created by adiabatic magneto-association through an atom–diatomic molecule Feshbach resonance. We obtained clear evidence for the creation of triatomic molecules by directly detecting them using radio-frequency dissociation. Approximately 4000 triatomic molecules with a high-peak phase-space density of 0.05 could be created. The ultracold triatomic molecules can serve as a launchpad to probe the three-body potential energy surface and may be used to prepare quantum degenerate triatomic molecular gases.
Religion in space
Astrotopia
Mary-Jane Rubenstein
University of Chicago Press, 2022. 224 pp.
Authors: Launius Roger D.
Published: December 2022

A sense of divine entitlement pervades private space colonization efforts
Science urgencies for Brazil
Authors: Nader Helena B.
Published: December 2022

Last month in Egypt at the United Nations Climate Change Conference, Brazil’s president-elect Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva reaffirmed his pledge to make Brazil a global leader in addressing climate change and deforestation. However, when Lula takes the reins on 1 January, he will step into a situation that is quite different from when last he was president (2003–2010). At that time, he prioritized science and education in all government actions and guided Brazil to a prosperous social state and sustainable economy. This time, he will face a much different local and global scenario. The world is still going through an unprecedented health crisis, and like other countries, Brazil needs to establish new ways of tackling the consequential social, educational, environmental, and economic problems. This will be especially challenging given that since 2016, the country has taken the opposite direction of most governments, cutting investments in education at all levels and in science, technology, and innovation (ST&I). The question is how Lula can immediately address the serious poverty and hunger crisis in Brazil while also restoring the environment and a competitive and equitable economy to the country.
Genome-Wide CRISPR/Cas9 Screen Reveals a Role for SLC35A1 in the Adsorption of Porcine Deltacoronavirus
Authors: Wang Xunlei , Jin Qin , Xiao Wenwen , Fang Puxian , Lai Liangxue , Xiao Shaobo , Wang Kepin , Fang Liurong
Published: December 2022

Identifying the host factors required for replication will be helpful to uncover the pathogenesis mechanisms and develop antivirals against the emerging coronavirus porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). Herein, we performed a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 knockout screen, the results of which revealed that the solute carrier family 35 member A1 (SLC35A1) is a host factor required for PDCoV infection that acts by regulating cell surface sialic acid (SA).
Lipo-Chitooligosaccharides Induce Specialized Fungal Metabolite Profiles That Modulate Bacterial Growth
Authors: Rush Tomás A. , Tannous Joanna , Lane Matthew J. , Gopalakrishnan Meena Muralikrishnan , Carrell Alyssa A. , Golan Jacob J. , Drott Milton T. , Cottaz Sylvain , Fort Sébastien , Ané Jean-Michel , Keller Nancy P. , Pelletier Dale A. , Jacobson Daniel A. , Kainer David , Abraham Paul E. , Giannone Richard J. , Labbé Jesse L.
Published: December 2022

The activation of silent biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) for the identification and characterization of novel fungal secondary metabolites is a perpetual motion in natural product discoveries. Here, we demonstrated that one of the best-studied symbiosis signaling compounds, lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs), play a role in activating some of these BGCs, resulting in the production of known, putative, and unknown metabolites with biological activities.
Resistance Mechanism and Physiological Effects of Microcin Y in Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica
Serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Han Yu , Li Yu , Zeng Zhiwei , Li Wenjing , Feng Saixiang , Cao Weisheng
Published: December 2022

The resistance of
Salmonella
to traditional antibiotics remains a serious challenge. Novel anti-
Salmonella
drugs are urgently needed to address the looming crisis.
Amoebal Tubulin Cleavage Late during Infection Is a Characteristic Feature ofMimivirusbut Not ofMarseillevirus
Authors: Goyal Nisha , Barai Amlan , Sen Shamik , Kondabagil Kiran
Published: December 2022

In general, intracellular pathogens target the cytoskeletal network to enable their life cycle inside the host. Pathogen-induced changes in the host cell morphology usually accompany global changes in the cytoskeleton resulting in cytopathic effects.
Klebsiella Species and Enterobacter cloacae Isolates Harboring
bla
OXA-181
and
bla
OXA-48
: Resistome, Fitness Cost, and Plasmid Stability
Authors: Mahazu Samiratu , Prah Isaac , Ota Yusuke , Hayashi Takaya , Nukui Yoko , Suzuki Masato , Hoshino Yoshihiko , Akeda Yukihiro , Suzuki Toshihiko , Ishino Tomoko , Ablordey Anthony , Saito Ryoichi
Published: December 2022

The growing rate of antibiotic resistance is an important global health threat. This threat is exacerbated by the lack of safe and potent alternatives to carbapenems in addition to the slow developmental process of newer and effective antibiotics.
UV C Light from a Light-Emitting Diode at 275 Nanometers Shortens Wound Healing Time in Bacterium- and Fungus-Infected Skin in Mice
Authors: Song Chenghua , Wen Ruichao , Zhou Jiaxuan , Zeng Xiaoyan , Kou Zi , Li Yufeng , Yun Feng , Wu Rongqian
Published: December 2022

As a common clinical problem, the therapy of SSTIs is facing growing challenges due to an increase in the number of drug-resistant bacteria and fungi. UV C (UVC) light sterilization has been widely used in all aspects of daily life, but there are very few reports about
in vivo
therapy using UVC light.
Rational Design of Live-Attenuated Vaccines against Genome-Reduced Pathogens
Authors: Nishikawa Sayaka , Ogawa Yohsuke , Shiraiwa Kazumasa , Nozawa Rieko , Nakayama Momoko , Eguchi Masahiro , Shimoji Yoshihiro
Published: December 2022

Identification of bacterial genes that are specifically upregulated during infection can lead to the rational construction of live vaccines. For this purpose, genome-based approaches, including DNA microarray analysis and IVET (
in vivo
expression technology), have been used so far; however, these methods can become laborious and time-consuming.
ISG15 Is a Novel Regulator of Lipid Metabolism during
Vaccinia Virus
Infection
Authors: Albert Manuel , Vázquez Jesús , Falcón-Pérez Juan M. , Balboa María A. , Liesa Marc , Balsinde Jesús , Guerra Susana
Published: December 2022

The functions of ISG15 are continuously expanding, and growing evidence supports its role as a relevant modulator of cell metabolism. In this work, we highlight how the absence of ISG15 impacts macrophage lipid metabolism in the context of viral infections and how poxviruses modulate metabolism to ensure successful replication. Our results open the door to new advances in the comprehension of macrophage immunometabolism and the interaction between VACV and the host.
Clinical SARS-CoV-2 Kinetic Profiles Are Dependent on the Viral Strain and Host Vaccination Status
Authors: Gunawardana Manjula , Cortez John M. , Breslin Jessica , Webster Simon , Rochman Nash D. , Anton Peter A. , Baum Marc M.
Published: December 2022

We are conducting an ongoing SARS-CoV-2 workplace clinical study based on frequent, longitudinal disease surveillance of staff and household members. Here, we investigated the viral dynamics in two recently vaccinated participants who became infected with the same Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2.
Rare case of infective aortitis with aortic rupture and cardiac tamponade in a young child
Authors: Datta Manas , Pradeep Sangeetha , Aditya Mainak
Published: December 2022

Aortitis and aortic dissection are very rare in children. The clinical presentation of aortitis varies across a spectrum, ranging from incidental findings to fatal aortic dissection and rupture. A high index of suspicion is needed to establish an accurate and timely diagnosis. Here, we present an unfortunate case of fatal infective aortitis with aortic rupture and cardiac tamponade in a healthy toddler. Postmortem report implicatedKingella kingaeas the causative organism of aortic pseudoaneurysm and rupture, leading to the instantaneous death of the child.
Bullous Sweet syndrome as a presentation of chronic myelogenous leukaemia
Authors: Abbas Syeda Wajiha , Shah Zarnain , Shaikh Mohammad Usman
Published: December 2022

A woman in her 40s presented with a 3-month-long history of fever and tender erythematous bullous skin lesions not responsive to antibiotics. There had been no previous gastrointestinal, respiratory or urinary infection, nor did she have any history of autoimmune disease, drug reaction or vasculitis.

Histological evaluation of skin biopsy showed diffuse dense neutrophilic infiltrates located in dermis diagnostic of Sweet syndrome. Haematological investigations showed leucocytosis with circulating immature cells, which on further investigations with bone marrow biopsy, were evident of chronic myelogenous leukaemia in the accelerated phase. Sweet syndrome was the presenting characteristic of chronic myelogenous leukaemia in this case, which is a rare association. Investigating unusual skin lesions can aid in the suspicion of underlying cancer, allowing for prompt action.
Silicone oil tamponade in managing recalcitrant endophthalmitis after cataract surgery secondary toClostridium intestinale
Authors: Francomacaro Sara E , Singaravelu Janani , Rajagopal Rithwick , Li Albert S
Published: December 2022

A woman presented two weeks after uncomplicated cataract surgery with decreased visual acuity from endophthalmitis. One week after initial management with intravitreal antibiotics, her visual acuity decreased further, undergoing pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal and intravenous antimicrobial coverage with preliminary improvement. Three days after vitrectomy, her vision decreased with recurrent inflammation. Initial cultures grewClostridium intestinale. She underwent repeat vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade with no subsequent recurrence. The silicone oil was removed after 4 months and her visual acuity returned to 20/20 after 1 month and through 1 year of follow-up. Postoperative endophthalmitis is rare, with cases due toClostridiumspecies particularly destructive. In this first reported case ofC. intestinaleendophthalmitis, conventional management did not achieve lasting quiescence until silicone oil tamponade was employed. Pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade should be considered in the management of recurrent endophthalmitis or endophthalmitis secondary to a recalcitrant microbe.
Painless thyroiditis incidentally diagnosed following SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Nakaizumi Nobuhiko , Fukata Shuji , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Akamizu Takashi
Published: December 2022

A euthyroid woman in her 50s with papillary thyroid cancer and primary hyperparathyroidism was referred to our hospital for surgery. Her surgery was scheduled for 4 months later but was postponed because she was diagnosed with COVID-19. Five months after the first visit, she was admitted to our hospital to undergo the planned thyroid lobectomy and parathyroidectomy. Her blood tests on admission showed thyrotoxicosis, with negative thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor and thyroid-stimulating antibody. Notably, her anti-thyroglobulin antibody and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody, which were originally negative, became positive after SARS-CoV-2 infection. She was diagnosed with painless thyroiditis. Her general condition and vital signs were stable, and the surgery was cautiously performed. Histopathological examination of the resected thyroid revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma, and the findings were consistent with painless thyroiditis. Her postoperative course was uneventful, and her thyroid function improved 2 weeks after the operation.
Oxygen administration during surgery and postoperative organ injury: observational cohort study
Authors: McIlroy David R , Shotwell Matthew S , Lopez Marcos G , Vaughn Michelle T , Olsen Joanna S , Hennessy Cassandra , Wanderer Jonathan P , Semler Matthew S , Rice Todd W , Kheterpal Sachin , Billings Frederic T
Published: December 2022

Objective

To examine whether supraphysiological oxygen administration during surgery is associated with lower or higher postoperative kidney, heart, and lung injury.

Design

Observational cohort study.

Setting

42 medical centers across the United States participating in the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group data registry.

Participants

Adult patients undergoing surgical procedures ≥120 minutes’ duration with general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation who were admitted to hospital after surgery between January 2016 and November 2018.

Intervention

Supraphysiological oxygen administration, defined as the area under the curve of the fraction of inspired oxygen above air (21%) during minutes when the hemoglobin oxygen saturation was greater than 92%.

Main outcomes

Primary endpoints were acute kidney injury defined using Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria, myocardial injury defined as serum troponin >0.04 ng/mL within 72 hours of surgery, and lung injury defined using international classification of diseases hospital discharge diagnosis codes.

Results

The cohort comprised 350 647 patients with median age 59 years (interquartile range 46-69 years), 180 546 women (51.5%), and median duration of surgery 205 minutes (interquartile range 158-279 minutes). Acute kidney injury was diagnosed in 19 207 of 297 554 patients (6.5%), myocardial injury in 8972 of 320 527 (2.8%), and lung injury in 13 789 of 312 161 (4.4%). The median fraction of inspired oxygen was 54.0% (interquartile range 47.5%-60.0%), and the area under the curve of supraphysiological inspired oxygen was 7951% min (5870-11 107% min), equivalent to an 80% fraction of inspired oxygen throughout a 135 minute procedure, for example. After accounting for baseline covariates and other potential confounding variables, increased oxygen exposure was associated with a higher risk of acute kidney injury, myocardial injury, and lung injury. Patients at the 75th centile for the area under the curve of the fraction of inspired oxygen had 26% greater odds of acute kidney injury (95% confidence interval 22% to 30%), 12% greater odds of myocardial injury (7% to 17%), and 14% greater odds of lung injury (12% to 16%) compared with patients at the 25th centile. Sensitivity analyses evaluating alternative definitions of the exposure, restricting the cohort, and conducting an instrumental variable analysis confirmed these observations.

Conclusions

Increased supraphysiological oxygen administration during surgery was associated with a higher incidence of kidney, myocardial, and lung injury. Residual confounding of these associations cannot be excluded.

Trial registration

Open Science Framework
osf.io/cfd2m
Experience of patients with breast cancer with traditional treatment and healers’ understanding of causes and manifestations of breast cancer in North Shewa zone, Ethiopia: a phenomenological study
Authors: Mekonnen Alemayehu Gonie , Gebeyehu Belete Tewabe , Woldearegay Mesfin
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Despite a high number of traditional healers (THs) who treat patients with cancer in Ethiopia, there is limited evidence that explored the lived experience of patients with breast cancer (BC) with traditional treatment and healers’ understanding of the causes and manifestations of BC.

Design

A phenomenological study design was employed.

Setting

This study was conducted in the North Shewa zone in Ethiopia.

Participants

Eight in-depth interviews were conducted; four of which were with patients with BC and four with THs. Semistructured interviewing techniques were used to collect data from the two groups of respondents. All interviews were audio-recorded. The recorded data were transcribed verbatim. Coding and marking were then performed to make the raw data sortable. The marked codes were then summarised and categorised into themes.

Results

In this study, some of THs were unaware of the main risk factors or causes of BC. They did not mention the lifestyle risk factors of BC such as smoking cigarettes, consuming alcohol and eating habits. The most common clinical manifestations noted by THs were lumps at the breast, discharge from the nipples and weakness. All of the THs got their knowledge of BC treatment from their families and through experience. Regarding the lived experience of treatment, some patients with BC perceived that traditional medicines were safer and more effective than modern treatments and they eventually referred themselves to the THs.

Conclusions

Although THs were unaware of the causes of BC, they were familiar with basic signs and symptoms of the disease. Patients with BC referred themselves to the THs because they preferred traditional therapies to modern ones. In order to better satisfy the unmet needs of Ethiopian women with BC, due consideration should be given to traditional treatments.
Increased kidney disease mortality among people with AIDS versus the general population: a population-based cohort study in Italy, 2006–2018
Authors: Taborelli Martina , Suligoi Barbara , Serraino Diego , Frova Luisa , Grande Enrico , Toffolutti Federica , Regine Vincenza , Pappagallo Marilena , Pugliese Lucia , Grippo Francesco , Zucchetto Antonella
Published: December 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to assess whether an excess mortality related to kidney and other urinary tract diseases exists among Italian people with AIDS (PWA), as compared with the general population without AIDS (non-PWA).

Design

Population-based, retrospective cohort study.

Setting and participants

We conducted a nationwide study including 9481 Italian PWA, aged 15–74 years, reported to the National AIDS Registry between 2006 and 2018.

Methods

Vital status and causes of death were retrieved by record linkage with the National Register of Causes of Death up to 2018. Excess mortality for PWA versus non-PWA was estimated through sex-standardised and age-standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) with corresponding 95% CIs.

Results

Among 2613 deceased PWA, 262 (10.0%) reported at least one urinary tract disease at death, including 254 (9.7%) non-cancer diseases—mostly renal failures (225 cases, 8.6%)—and 9 cancers (0.3%). The overall SMR for non-cancer urinary tract diseases was 15.3 (95% CI 13.4 to 17.3) with statistically significant SMRs for acute (SMR=22.3, 95% CI 18.0 to 27.4), chronic (SMR=8.4, 95% CI 6.0 to 11.3), and unspecified renal failure (SMR=13.8, 95% CI 11.2 to 16.8). No statistically significant excess mortality was detected for urinary tract cancers (SMR=1.7, 95% CI 0.8 to 3.3). The SMRs were particularly elevated among PWA aged <50 years, injecting drug users, or those with the first HIV-positive test >6 months before AIDS diagnosis.

Conclusions

The excess mortality related to non-cancer kidney and other urinary tract diseases reported among PWA highlights the importance of implementing the recommendation for screening, diagnosis and management of such conditions among this population.
Assessment of quality of antenatal care services in public sector facilities in India
Authors: Dandona Rakhi , Majumder Moutushi , Akbar Md , Bhattacharya Debarshi , Nanda Priya , Kumar G Anil , Dandona Lalit
Published: December 2022

Objectives

We undertook assessment of quality of antenatal care (ANC) services in public sector facilities in the Indian state of Bihar state delivered under the national ANC programme (Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan, PMSMA).

Setting

Three community health centres and one subdistrict hospital each in two randomly selected districts of Bihar.

Participants

Pregnant women who sought ANC services under PMSMA irrespective of the pregnancy trimester.

Primary and secondary measures

Quality ANC services were considered if a woman received all of these services in that visit—weight, blood pressure and abdomen check, urine and blood sample taken, and were given iron and folic acid and calcium tablets. The process of ANC service provision was documented.

Results

Eight hundred and fourteen (94.5% participation) women participated. Coverage of quality ANC services was 30.4% (95% CI 27.3% to 33.7%) irrespective of pregnancy trimester, and was similar in both districts and ranged 3%–83.1% across the facilities. Quality ANC service coverage was significantly lower for women in the first trimester of pregnancy (6.8%, 95% CI 3.3% to 13.6%) as compared with those in the second (34.4%, 95% CI 29.9% to 39.1%) and third (32.9%, 95% CI 27.9% to 38.3%) trimester of pregnancy. Individually, the coverage of weight and blood pressure check-up, receipt of iron folic acid (IFA) and calcium tablets, and blood sample collection was >85%. The coverage of urine sample collection was 46.3% (95% CI 42.9% to 49.7%) and of abdomen check-up was 62% (95% CI 58.6% to 65.3%). Poor information sharing post check-up was done with the pregnant women. Varied implementation of ANC service provision was seen in the facilities as compared with the PMSMA guidelines, in particular with laboratory diagnostics and doctor consultation. Task shifting from doctors to ANMs was observed in all facilities.

Conclusions

Grossly inadequate quality ANC services under the PMSMA needs urgent attention to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes.
Medication adherence among allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Visintini Chiara , Mansutti Irene , Palese Alvisa
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Patients receiving a haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) are subjected to complex oral medications based on prophylactic and immunosuppressive treatments. Adherence to medication plays a role in survival, and medication non-adherence (MNA) is closely associated with graft-versus-host disease and other complications. The aim of this systematic review is to summarise the available evidence regarding prevalence rates of medication adherence, the risk factors of MNA, the effectiveness of interventions to increase medication adherence and the outcomes associated with MNA.

Methods and analysis

We designed a systematic review according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. We will search the Cochrane Library and the CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE via PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus databases. We will include published and unpublished primary studies: (a) on humans, from inception until 10 May 2022; (b) written in any language; (c) experimental (randomised and non-randomised), observational (prospective, retrospective cohort and case–control), correlational, cross-sectional and longitudinal; and (d) with a low risk of bias, according to the quality assessment we perform. We will exclude secondary and qualitative studies, protocols, publications without original data, including paediatrics or related to autologous HSCT. The primary outcome will be the prevalence of oral medication adherence; the secondary outcomes will be the risk factors of MNA, the interventions aimed at increasing medication adherence and the outcomes of MNA. Two researchers will independently screen the eligible studies, then extract and describe the data. Disagreements will be resolved by a third researcher. We will provide a qualitative narrative synthesis of the findings.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required given that previously published studies will be used. We will disseminate the findings through conference presentations and publications in international peer-reviewed scientific journals.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022315298.
Factors associated with discharge from hospital to residential aged care for younger people with neuropsychiatric disorders: an exploratory case–control study in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Cvejic Rachael Cherie , Watkins Tim R , Walker Adrian R , Reppermund Simone , Srasuebkul Preeyaporn , Draper Brian , Withall Adrienne , Winkler Di , Honan Ingrid , Mackechnie Deidre , Trollor Julian
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To examine the sociodemographic and diagnostic factors associated with a discharge from hospital to residential aged care (RAC) for younger people (aged 15–64 years) with neuropsychiatric disorders.

Design

An exploratory case–control study using a historic cohort of people with neuropsychiatric disorders. Cases were people transferred to RAC on hospital discharge during the study period. Controls were people not transferred to RAC on discharge during the study period.

Setting

Public and private hospital admissions in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.

Participants

People aged 15–64 years with a neuropsychiatric disorder hospitalised in NSW between July 2002 and June 2015 (n=5 16 469).

Outcome measures

The main outcome was transferred to RAC on discharge from hospital. We calculated ORs for sociodemographic and diagnostic factors to determine factors that may impact discharge to RAC.

Results

During the period of data capture, 4406 people were discharged from hospitals to RAC. Discharge to RAC was most strongly associated with diagnoses of progressive neurological and cognitive disorders. Acute precipitants of RAC transfer included a broad range of conditions and injuries (eg, Wernicke’s encephalopathy, stroke, falls) in the context of issues such as older age, not being partnered (married or de facto), living in areas of lower socioeconomic status, functional issues and the need for palliative care.

Conclusions

There are multiple intersecting and interacting pathways culminating in discharge from hospital to RAC among younger people with neuropsychiatric disorders. Improved capacity for interdisciplinary home care and alternative housing and support options for people with high support needs are required.
Variant connective tissue (joint hypermobility) and its relevance to depression and anxiety in adolescents: a cohort-based case–control study
Authors: Eccles Jessica A , Quadt Lisa , McCarthy Hannah , Davies Kevin A , Bond Rod , David Anthony S , Harrison Neil A , Critchley Hugo D
Published: December 2022

Objective

To test whether variant connective tissue structure, as indicated by the presence of joint hypermobility, poses a developmental risk for mood disorders in adolescence.

Design

Cohort-based case–control study.

Setting

Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were interrogated.

Participants

6105 children of the ALSPAC cohort at age 14 years old, of whom 3803 also were assessed when aged 18 years.

Main outcome measures

In a risk analysis, we examined the relationship between generalised joint hypermobility (GJH) at age 14 years with psychiatric symptoms at age 18 years. In an association analysis, we examined the relationship between presence of symptomatic joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) and International Classification of Diseases-10 indication of depression and anxiety (Clinical Interview Schedule Revised (CIS-R), Anxiety Sensitivity Index) at age 18 years.

Results

GJH was more common in females (n=856, 28%) compared with males (n=319, 11%; OR: 3.20 (95% CI: 2.78 to 3.68); p<0.001). In males, GJH at age 14 years was associated with depression at 18 years (OR: 2.10 (95% CI: 1.17 to 3.76); p=0.013). An index of basal physiological arousal, elevated resting heart rate, mediated this effect. Across genders, the diagnosis of JHS at age 18 years was associated with the presence of depressive disorder (adjusted OR: 3.53 (95% CI: 1.67 to 7.40); p=0.001), anxiety disorder (adjusted OR: 3.14 (95% CI: 1.52 to 6.46); p=0.002), level of anxiety (B=8.08,t(3278)=3.95; p<0.001) and degree of psychiatric symptomatology (B=5.89,t(3442)=5.50; p<0.001).

Conclusions

Variant collagen, indexed by joint hypermobility, is linked to the emergence of depression and anxiety in adolescence, an effect mediated by autonomic factors in males. Recognition of this association may motivate further evaluation, screening and interventions to mitigate development of psychiatric disorders and improve health outcomes.
Outcomes for necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in babies born at the threshold of viability: a case–control study
Authors: Vallant Natalie , Haffenden Verity , Peatman Oliver , Khan Hammad , Lee Geraint , Thakkar Hemanshoo , Yardley Iain
Published: December 2022

Background

The threshold for active management of babies born prematurely in the UK is currently 22 weeks. The optimal management strategy for necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in babies born at or near this threshold remains unclear.

Aim

To review our institutional experience of babies born <24 weeks diagnosed with NEC, identify risk factors for NEC, and compare outcomes with a control cohort.

Methods

All infants born <24 weeks gestation January 2015–December 2021 were identified. Babies diagnosed with NEC were defined as cases and babies with no NEC diagnosis as controls. Patient demographics, clinical features, complications and outcomes were extracted from the medical record and compared between cases and controls.

Results

Of 56 babies, 31 (55.3%) were treated for NEC. There was no difference in NEC-specific risk factors between cases and controls. 17 babies (30.4%) underwent surgery, of these, 11/17 (64.7%) presented with a C reactive protein rise and 11/17 (64.7%) a fall in platelet count. Pneumatosis intestinalis (3/17 (17.7%)) or pneumoperitoneum (3/17 (17.7%)) were present in only a minority of cases. Abdominal ultrasound demonstrated intestinal perforation in 8/8 cases. The surgical complication rate was 5/17 (29.4%). There was no difference in the incidence of intraventricular haemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia and survival to discharge between the groups.

Conclusions

The diagnosis of NEC in infants born <24 weeks gestation is challenging with inconsistent clinical and radiological features. Ultrasound scanning is a useful imaging modality. Mortality was comparable regardless of a diagnosis of NEC. Low gestational age is not a contraindication to surgical intervention in NEC.
Decrease in cortical vein opacification predicts outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Dodd William S , Dayton Orrin , Lucke-Wold Brandon , Reitano Christian , Sorrentino Zachary , Busl Katharina M
Published: December 2022

Background

The pathophysiology of brain injury after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remains incompletely understood. Cerebral venous flow patterns may be a marker of hemodynamic disruptions after aneurysm rupture. We hypothesized that a decrease in venous filling after aSAH would predict cerebral ischemia and poor outcome.

Objective

To examine the hypotheses that venous filling as measured by the cortical venous opacification score (COVES) would (1) decrease after aSAH and (2) that decreased COVES would be associated with higher rates of hydrocephalus, vasospasm, delayed cerebral iscemia (DCI), and poor functional evaluation at outcome.

Methods

In this retrospective observational cohort study of consecutive patients with aSAH admitted to our tertiary care center between 2016 and 2018, we measured the COVES at admission and at subsequent CT angiography (CTA). We collected clinical variables and compared hydrocephalus, vasospasm, DCI, and outcome at discharge in patients with decrease in COVES with patients with stable COVES.

Results

A total of 22 patients were included in the analysis. COVES decreased from first CTA to second CTA in 11 (50%) patients, by an average of 1.1 points (P=0.01). Patients whose COVES decreased between admission and follow-up imaging were more likely to develop DCI (58% vs 0%, P=0.03) and have a poor outcome at discharge (100% vs 55%, P=0.03) than patients who had no change in COVES. aSAH severity was not associated with initial COVES, and there was no association between change in COVES and development of hydrocephalus or vasospasm.

Conclusions

Development of decreased venous filling on CTA is associated with poor outcome after aSAH. This association suggests that venous hemodynamics may be reflective of, or contribute to, the pathophysiological mechanisms of brain injury after aSAH. Larger prospective studies are necessary to substantiate our findings.
Airflow limitation and mortality during cancer screening in the National Lung Screening Trial: why quantifying airflow limitation matters
Authors: Young Robert P , Ward Ralph C , Scott Raewyn J , Gamble Greg D , Silvestri Gerard
Published: December 2022

Importance

Current eligibility criteria for lung cancer (LC) screening are derived from randomised controlled trials and primarily based on age and smoking history. However, the individual benefits of screening are highly variable and potentially attenuated by co-morbidities such as advanced airflow limitation (AL).

Objective

To examine the relationship between the presence and severity of AL and screening outcomes.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of 18 463 high-risk smokers, a substudy from the National Lung Screening Trial, who underwent pre-bronchodilator spirometry at baseline and median follow-up of 6.1 years. We used descriptive statistics and a competing risk proportional hazards model to examine differences in screening outcomes by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity group.

Results

The risk of developing LC increased with worsening AL (effect size=0.34, p<0.0001), as did the risk of dying of LC (effect size=0.35, p<0.0001). While those with severe AL (Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease, GOLD grade 3–4) had the highest risk of LC and the highest LC mortality, they also had fewer adenocarcinomas (effect size=−0.20, p=0.008) and a lower surgery rate (effect size=−0.16, p=0.014) despite comparable staging, and greater non-LC mortality relative to LC mortality (effect size=0.30, p<0.0001). In participants with no AL, screening with CT was associated with a significant reduction in LC deaths relative to chest X-ray (30.3%, 95% CI 4.5% to 49.2%, p<0.05). The clinically relevant but attenuated reduction in those with AL (18.5%, 95% CI −8.4% to 38.7%, p>0.05) could be attributed to GOLD 3–4, where no appreciable mortality reduction was observed.

Conclusion

Despite a greater risk of LC, severe AL was not associated with any apparent reduction in LC mortality following screening.
Heavy-light hybrid mesons with different spin-parities
Authors: Barsbay B. , Azizi K. , Sundu H.
Published: December 2022

The spectroscopic parameters of the heavy-light hybrid mesons with different spin-parities and different quark contents are investigated in the framework of the QCD sum rule method. The mass and current coupling of these states are calculated by taking into account the quark, gluon and mixed vacuum condensates up to dimension 10. The obtained results are compared with the existing QCD Laplace sum rule predictions. The results of mass and current coupling for all the considered channels are obtained to be stable and reliable. Our results can be useful for future experimental searches as well as theoretical studies of different parameters related to the hybrid mesons and their decays and interactions with other particles.
Higher-order spreading structure in social networks
Authors: Nian Fuzhong , Ren Jinhu
Published: December 2022

In the research of network structure, long ties are considered to be a hidden but valuable interaction. In this paper, we innovatively interpret the long ties structure in traditional research as a higher-order information spreading path. It effectively avoids the homogenization of information level and redundancy of network structure. The spreading bridge model based on high-order long ties structure is established accordingly. Modern online social behavior is modeled by establishing spreading expansion rate and spreading diffusion rate to improve model adaptability. The spread dynamics model based on multivariate interactions is developed by combining direct-linked spread as a binary interaction relationship in traditional research with bridge-linked spread. The validity of the model is verified by comparing the model simulation results with real cases.
An Efficient Channel Attention-Enhanced Lightweight Neural Network Model for Metal Surface Defect Detection
Authors: Xie Xikun , Li Changjiang , Liu Yang , Song Junjie , Ahn Jonghyun , Zhang Zhong
Published: December 2022

There are problems of low model detection accuracy, low detection speed and difficulty in deploying online inspection in industrial surface defect detection relying on deep learning object detection algorithms. In order to effectively solve this problem, an efficient channel attention-enhanced lightweight neural network model named as EMV2-YOLOX is proposed in this paper. The algorithm incorporates the ECA module into the lightweight backbone extraction network MobileNetV2 to achieve adaptive adjustment of channel information weights, which can improve the extraction capability of the algorithm. The YOLOX model is also introduced to enhance the model’s identification and localization of tiny defects. The improved algorithm can guarantee the model’s accuracy and improve the model detection performance, as well as the carrying capacity of hardware devices. The experimental results show that the highest accuracy is achieved on the GCT10 and NEU public defect datasets with mean Average Precision values of 0.86 and 0.68, respectively, which is higher than the accuracy of the EMV2yoloV4 model. The parametric model number is only 10.24[Formula: see text]M in size, and the detection rate is 54.25[Formula: see text]f/s, which is the highest performance in embedded devices. EMV2-YOLOX, combined with the attention mechanism, can efficiently extract the location and semantic information of hard-to-detect defects and plays a vital role in the intelligent detection methods.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGES OF TRIPLE JUMPERS’ BALANCE BOARD COMBINED WITH SPECIAL TRAINING BY DEEP LEARNING APPROACH
Authors: WANG HAI , ZHOU JIAN , LI ZHUOJIA , TAO YONGCHUN
Published: December 2022

This study aims to improve the athletic performance of triple jumpers in special physical training. First, the triple jumper’s balance board is explained with the special training method. Second, three-dimensional tracking scan image analysis is used to videotape the training process of triple jumpers. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) perform image analysis of triple jumpers performing specific training with a balance board. Finally, the training of triple jumpers is subjected to image analysis. According to the special training speed, angle, and time of triple jumpers combined with the balance board, the physical fitness changes are analyzed. The results show that triple jumpers combined with the balance board training improved the technique of step jump from the aspects of take-off speed, landing speed, all angles of step jump, and support time. The combination of the balance board and the special training significantly improves the speed of the triple jumpers, and the changes of various angles during the training process are also relatively improved, which improves the balance and coordination of the training limbs of the triple jumpers. The balance board combined with special training can significantly improve the physical fitness of triple jumpers. CNN is used to analyze and validate triple jumpers combined with balance board training images. The experimental training analysis has achieved the ideal effect. This study uses the image analysis method to analyze the training process of athletes based on deep learning and provides direction for athletes’ special physical training.
ONLINE BEHAVIOR PREDICTION BASED ON DEEP LEARNING IN HEALTHCARE
Authors: ZHENG JINQIU , CHEN BAILIN , LI JIANXIN , LIU YANG , LIU JIE
Published: December 2022

In recent years, with the rapid development of Internet and computer technology, network education has developed rapidly. With the rapid development of learning technology, online education has been widely popularized. Especially in 2020, novel coronavirus pneumonia suddenly came into being. Online education based on Internet technology has played a great role in the crisis control period. It has also enriched teaching forms and teaching methods. The blended teaching under online and offline integration has increased the availability of students’ learning data. Therefore, more and more scholars begin to pay attention to the research of learning early warning based on educational data mining or learning analysis. However, most early warning studies use traditional machine learning algorithms, and there are still deficiencies in the granularity of data collection, technical implementation mechanism, early warning state recognition and so on. With the success of deep learning in artificial intelligence and other fields, scholars began to study the application of deep learning to solve the problems in the field of learning early warning. Combining variational self-coding (LVAE) and deep neural network, this paper proposes a scheme (LVAEpre) which can solve the problem of unbalanced distribution of educational data sets. This paper determines the weight value of each dimension and index by adjusting the weight parameters of the model, and obtains the threshold value of the early warning line, and empirically tests its effectiveness. Finally, the paper designs a learning early warning model and builds a learning early warning platform based on process data. The results show that the early warning effect is good. The proposal of the learning early warning model based on process data and the application of the learning early warning platform have greatly improved the teaching quality, reduced the risk of students failing to attend the course, and effectively realized the early warning function. The experimental results show that the framework improves the prediction ability of identifying risk learners as soon as possible, timely intervene and guide risk learners, improves learning efficiency, and provides effective guidance strategies for the development of network education.
Petrov type I spacetime curvature: Principal null vector spanning dimension
Authors: Bini Donato , Geralico Andrea , Jantzen Robert T.
Published: December 2022

The class of Petrov type I curvature tensors is further divided into those for which the span of the set of distinct principal null directions has dimension 4 (maximally spanning type I) or dimension 3 (nonmaximally spanning type I). Explicit examples are provided for both vacuum and nonvacuum spacetimes.
Why do Funds Make More When They Trade More?
Authors: Kim Jaden Jonghyuk , Lee Jung Hoon , Venkatesan Shyam
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we introduce a conditional measure of skill, the correlation between funds’ residual trades, net of common trading motives, and future news about the stocks traded. Using this measure, we show that the average mutual fund manager in the cross-section has stock-picking skill. This result is robust to different benchmarks and is mainly driven by the manager’s ability to predict a firm’s cash-flow news. This skill has short-term persistence and is distinctly related to traditional measures of performance. Importantly, consistent with Berk and Green [2004, Mutual Fund Flows and Performance in Rational Markets, Journal of Political Economy 112(6), 1269–1295] fund flows are increasing with respect to managerial skill after controlling for fund performance.