bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Calculation for Saturated Solubility of Oxygen in Mn–Si Melts Equilibrated with MnO–SiO2 Slags
Authors: Han Pei-Wei , Wang Hai-Juan , Chu Shao-Jun
Published: April 2016

The MnO–SiO2 slag in equilibrium with Mn–Si melts with a Si molar ratio between 0.1 and 0.3 at 1,700 K was a single liquid phase. However, it was liquid phase saturated with solid MnO or solid SiO2 in the case of X
Si less than 0.1 or greater than 0.3, respectively. Based on a subregular solution model, the calculated saturated solubility of oxygen in Mn–Si melts was 0.0236 mass % in pure manganese at 1,700 K and increased with the increasing silicon in the range of X
Si from 0.1 to 0.3. However, the saturated solubility of oxygen decreases as the silicon exceeded 0.3, and the minimum solubility was 0.0041 mass % in pure silicon at 1,700 K. The results could be used to predict the compositions of endogenous oxide inclusions and evaluate the cleanliness of manganese ferroalloy.
Transferability between Isolated Joint Torques and a Maximum Polyarticular Task: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Costes Antony , Villeger David , Moretto Pierre , Watier Bruno
Published: April 2016

The aims of this study were to determine if isolated maximum joint torques and joint torques during a maximum polyarticular task (i.e. cycling at maximum power) are correlated despite joint angle and velocity discrepancies, and to assess if an isolated joint-specific torque production capability at slow angular velocity is related to cycling power. Nine cyclists completed two different evaluations of their lower limb maximum joint torques. Maximum Isolated Torques were assessed on isolated joint movements using an isokinetic ergometer and Maximum Pedalling Torques were calculated at the ankle, knee and hip for flexion and extension by inverse dynamics during cycling at maximum power. A correlation analysis was made between Maximum Isolated Torques and respective Maximum Pedalling Torques [3 joints x (flexion + extension)], showing no significant relationship. Only one significant relationship was found between cycling maximum power and knee extension Maximum Isolated Torque (r=0.68, p<0.05). Lack of correlations between isolated joint torques measured at slow angular velocity and the same joint torques involved in a polyarticular task shows that transfers between both are not direct due to differences in joint angular velocities and in mono-articular versus poly articular joint torque production capabilities. However, this study confirms that maximum power in cycling is correlated with slow angular velocity mono-articular maximum knee extension torque.
Application of A Physiological Strain Index in Evaluating Responses to Exercise Stress – A Comparison Between Endurance and High Intensity Intermittent Trained Athletes
Authors: Pokora Ilona , Żebrowska Aleksandra
Published: April 2016

The study evaluated differences in response to exercise stress between endurance and high-intensity intermittent trained athletes in a thermoneutral environment using a physiological strain index (PSI). Thirty-two subjects participated in a running exercise under normal (23°C, 50% RH) conditions. The group included nine endurance trained athletes (middle-distance runners - MD), twelve high-intensity intermittent trained athletes (soccer players - HIIT) and eleven students who constituted a control group. The exercise started at a speed of 4 km·h–1 which was increased every 3 min by 2 km·h–1 to volitional exhaustion. The heart rate was recorded with a heart rate monitor and aural canal temperature was measured using an aural canal temperature probe. The physiological strain index (PSI) and the contribution of the circulatory and thermal components to the overall physiological strain were calculated from the heart rate and aural canal temperature. The physiological strain index differed between the study and control participants, but not between the MD and HIIT groups. The physiological strain in response to exercise stress in a thermoneutral environment was mainly determined based on the circulatory strain (MD group - 73%, HIIT group – 70%). The contribution of the circulatory and thermal components to the physiological strain did not differ significantly between the trained groups (MD and HIIT) despite important differences in morphological characteristics and training-induced systemic cardiovascular and thermoregulatory adaptations.
Differences in Physiological Responses to Interval Training in Cyclists With and Without Interval Training Experience
Authors: Hebisz Rafal , Hebisz Paulina , Borkowski Jacek , Zatoń Marek
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study was to determine differences in glycolytic metabolite concentrations and work output in response to an all-out interval training session in 23 cyclists with at least 2 years of interval training experience (E) and those inexperienced (IE) in this form of training. The intervention involved subsequent sets of maximal intensity exercise on a cycle ergometer. Each set comprised four 30 s repetitions interspersed with 90 s recovery periods; sets were repeated when blood pH returned to 7.3. Measurements of post-exercise hydrogen (H+) and lactate ion (LA-) concentrations and work output were taken. The experienced cyclists performed significantly more sets of maximal efforts than the inexperienced athletes (5.8 ± 1.2 vs. 4.3 ± 0.9 sets, respectively). Work output decreased in each subsequent set in the IE group and only in the last set in the E group. Distribution of power output changed only in the E group; power decreased in the initial repetitions of set only to increase in the final repetitions. H+ concentration decreased in the third, penultimate, and last sets in the E group and in each subsequent set in the IE group. LA- decreased in the last set in both groups. In conclusion, the experienced cyclists were able to repeatedly induce elevated levels of lactic acidosis. Power output distribution changed with decreased acid–base imbalance. In this way, this group could compensate for a decreased anaerobic metabolism. The above factors allowed cyclists experienced in interval training to perform more sets of maximal exercise without a decrease in power output compared with inexperienced cyclists.
The Influence of High-Altitude Acclimatization on Ventilatory and Blood Oxygen Saturation Responses During Normoxic and Hypoxic Testing
Authors: Ušaj Anton , Burnik Stojan
Published: April 2016

We investigated how acclimatization effects achieved during a high-altitude alpinist expedition influence endurance performance, ventilation (

V
˙

E

${\dot V_E}$

) and blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) in normoxic (NOR) and hypoxic conditions (HYP). An incremental testing protocol on a cycle ergometer was used to determine the power output corresponding to the Lactate (PLT) and Ventilatory Threshold (PVT) in NOR and HYP (FiO2=0.13) as indirect characteristics of endurance performance in both conditions. Furthermore, changes in

V
˙

E

${\dot V_E}$

, SaO2, blood pH and Pco2 were measured at a similar absolute exercise intensity of 180 W in NOR and HYP conditions. Seven experienced alpinists (mean ± SD: age: 50 ± 6 yrs; body mass: 76 ± 5 kg; body height: 175 ± 8 cm) volunteered to participate in this study after they had reached the summit of Gasherbrum II and Ama Dablam. They had therefore experienced the limitations of their acclimatization. Individual differences of PLT between values reached after and before the expedition (∆PLT) correlated (r = 0.98, p = 0.01) with differences of SaO2 (∆SaO2) in HYP, and differences of PVT (∆PVT) correlated (r = -0.83, p = 0.02) with differences of

V
˙

E

(

Δ

V
˙

E

)

${\dot V_E}\left( {\Delta {{\dot V}_E}} \right)$

in HYP. The results suggest that the acclimatization may not have an equivocal and simple influence on the performance in hypoxia: enhanced blood oxygen saturation may be accompanied by increased endurance only, when the increase exceeded 2-3%, but enhanced ventilation, when increased more than 10 l/min in HYP, could detrimentally influence endurance.
Lower Limb Neuromuscular Asymmetry in Volleyball and Basketball Players
Authors: Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe Azahara , Gual Gabriel , Romero-Rodriguez Daniel , Unnitha Viswanath
Published: April 2016

The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the agreement between the dominant leg (DL) (determined subjectively) and the stronger leg (SL) (determined via a functional test) in a group of basketball and volleyball players. The secondary objective was to calculate lower limb neuromuscular asymmetry when comparing the DL vs the non-dominant leg (NDL) and the SL vs the weaker (WL) leg in the whole group and when differentiating by sex. Seventy-nine male and female volleyball and basketball players (age: 23.7 ± 4.5 years) performed three single-leg vertical countermovement jumps (SLVCJ) on a contact mat. Vertical jump height and an inter-limb asymmetry index (ASI) were determined. Only 32 (40%) of the subjects had a concordance between the perception of their dominant leg and the limb reaching the highest jump height. Using the DL as the discriminating variable, significant (p<0.05) inter-limb differences were found in the total group of players. When comparing between sexes, significant differences (p<0.05) arose in the female group only. With regard to the WL vs. the SL, significant (p<0.05) differences were noted in the whole group and when stratified into males and females. The mean ASI ranged from 9.31% (males) to 12.84% (females) and from 10.49% (males) to 14.26% (females), when comparing the DL vs. the NDL and the SL vs. the WL, respectively. Subjective expression of leg dominance cannot be used as a predictor of limb jump performance. Vertical jump asymmetry of 10-15% exists and this can be considered as a reference value for male and female basketball and volleyball players.
Acute Effect of Different Combined Stretching Methods on Acceleration and Speed in Soccer Players
Authors: Amiri-Khorasani Mohammadtaghi , Calleja-Gonzalez Julio , Mogharabi-Manzari Mansooreh
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of different stretching methods, during a warm-up, on the acceleration and speed of soccer players. The acceleration performance of 20 collegiate soccer players (body height: 177.25 ± 5.31 cm; body mass: 65.10 ± 5.62 kg; age: 16.85 ± 0.87 years; BMI: 20.70 ± 5.54; experience: 8.46 ± 1.49 years) was evaluated after different warm-up procedures, using 10 and 20 m tests. Subjects performed five types of a warm-up: static, dynamic, combined static + dynamic, combined dynamic + static, and no-stretching. Subjects were divided into five groups. Each group performed five different warm-up protocols in five non-consecutive days. The warm-up protocol used for each group was randomly assigned. The protocols consisted of 4 min jogging, a 1 min stretching program (except for the no-stretching protocol), and 2 min rest periods, followed by the 10 and 20 m sprint test, on the same day. The current findings showed significant differences in the 10 and 20 m tests after dynamic stretching compared with static, combined, and no-stretching protocols. There were also significant differences between the combined stretching compared with static and no-stretching protocols. We concluded that soccer players performed better with respect to acceleration and speed, after dynamic and combined stretching, as they were able to produce more force for a faster execution.
The El Dorado of Handball? Foreign Female Players Stay, while Domestic Players Return from Abroad
Authors: Bon Marta , Topič Mojca Doupona , Šibila Marko
Published: April 2016

The main purpose of this research was to study the characteristics of migration in European women’s handball based on the Slovenian example and to find the differences between the foreigners coming to Slovenia and the Slovenians transferring to foreign clubs. The research was based on 16 open face-to-face semi-structured interviews (8 Slovenians (age 29.5 ± 6.2 years) and 8 foreigners (age 35.5 ± 8.7 years)). We found out that the most powerful factor in foreigners was the financial one, while within Slovenian players it was their personal desire for progression within their sport, the club’s reputation and poor conditions in their previous club. The results confirm that when making a decision on transfer, all players had the support of family and friends, while the clubs of foreign players were not as supportive. Most interviewees considered their careers successful and did not regret going abroad. The research indicates that the largest differences discovered between Slovenians and foreigners were that foreign female players chose to stay in the new country (Slovenia), while domestic players returned home after few years playing abroad. In conclusion, the results show that in top-level handball there are important differences between migration models which are based on nationality and also that the migration models change throughout time, which is largely connected with the socioeconomic events in the country of origin or transfer.
Coaches’ Preferences for Continuing Coaching Education in South Africa
Authors: Kubayi Alliance , Coopoo Yoga , Morris-Eyton Heather
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine coaches’ preferences for continuing coaching education. The sample consisted of 122 male and 102 female coaches from the Gauteng Province of South Africa who were purposively recruited to participate in this study. The results of this study showed that the coaches wanted to learn more about motivational techniques, advanced instructional drills, advanced first aid, goal setting, character building and conditioning drills. The results further indicated that sport coaches would be more likely to continue their coaching education if they had a desire to coach at a high level, if topics were relevant and if courses were in line with league requirements and were available online. The practical implications of the findings for the development of coaching education programmes in South Africa were discussed.
Case Study of Mental Skills Training for a Taekwondo Olympian
Authors: Lim TaeHee , O’Sullivan David Michael
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of systematic mental skills training (MST) for a taekwondo gold medallist. Based on MST of other sports, this programme was designed for a single subject who competed in the Olympics. The Korean test of performance strategies, Sport Attributional Style in Korean Athletes, and a few sessions of interviews were applied to investigate the effect of MST. The pre and post-test mean scores of both the Korean test of performance strategies and Sport Attributional Style in Korean Athletes were compared. Interviews recorded the athlete’s psychological characteristics. Excluding the ‘activation’ variable, all of the psychological skills, e.g. self-talk (4.25–5), emotional control (3.75–4.5), automaticity (3.75–4.25), goal setting (4.5–5), imagery (4.25–5), negative thinking (3.25–4.75), anxiety management (4.5–5), and physical and mental condition (4.5–5) improved. MST is believed to have helped the athlete succeed.
The apophonic chain and the form of weak and strong verbs in Palestinian Arabic
Authors: Faust Noam
Published: April 2016

This paper explores the logic behind the various morpho-phonological subdivisions in the verbal system of Palestinian Arabic. It argues for the importance in the understanding of Palestinian Arabic of the apophonic chain proposed for Classical Arabic in Guerssel and Lowenstamm (1993). In Palestinian, it is first argued, the Measure 1 perfective template includes a hard-wired association of its two vocalic positions; the main differences in vocalization between the Palestinian and Classic varieties follow from this fact. The account is then extended to include three large subclasses of weak verbs. Following the analysis of Classical Arabic in Chekayri and Scheer (1996), it is argued that such verbs involve a null element ø, whose realization is determined by the apophonic chain. The second part of the paper provides an account of the entire inflectional paradigms of each of the verbs discussed, a task that was not fully undertaken in previous work. The mechanism of apophony is shown to be at work in this domain, too. An interesting case is discussed of an apparent shift in inflectional paradigm in some forms of the biradical verb. This shift is again shown to follow from the general mechanisms used in the analysis.
Generäle auf Abwegen?
Authors: Fröhlich Paul , Kranz Alexander
Published: April 2016

Vorspann

Was für eine Art von totalitärer Herrschaft war das Dritte Reich? Welche Rolle spielte Adolf Hitler? Und wie kam es zu der tödlichen Dynamik, die zwischen 1939 und 1945 fast die ganze Welt in Atem hielt? Antworten auf diese Fragen hat es viele gegeben, nicht zuletzt im Zuge der Kontroverse zwischen den Strukturalisten und den Funktionalisten unter den NS-Historikern. Mit dem Vorschlag eines erweiterten Polykratiemodells ist unter dem Schlagwort „Neue Staatlichkeit“ wieder Bewegung in die Debatte gekommen. Paul Fröhlich und Alexander Kranz greifen diesen Vorschlag auf und prüfen seine Tauglichkeit am Beispiel der Karrieren zweier Generäle, die heute fast vergessen sind, Ende der 1930er/Anfang der 1940er Jahre aber eine wichtige Rolle bei der Neuordnung des politisch-militärischen Komplexes auf dem Weg in den Totalen Krieg spielten.
Visuomotor Learning Generalizes Around the Intended Movement
Authors: Day Kevin A. , Roemmich Ryan T. , Taylor Jordan A. , Bastian Amy J.
Published: April 2016

Human motor learning is useful if it generalizes beyond the trained task. Here, we introduce a new idea about how human visuomotor learning generalizes. We show that learned reaching movements generalize around where a person intends to move (i.e., aiming direction) as opposed to where they actually move. We used a visual rotation paradigm that allowed us to disentangle whether generalization is centered on where people aim to move, where they actually move, or where visual feedback indicates they moved. Participants reached to a visual target with their arm occluded from view. The cursor feedback was rotated relative to the position of their unseen hand to induce learning. Participants verbally reported their aiming direction, reached, and then were shown the outcome. We periodically introduced single catch trials with no feedback to measure learning. Results showed that learning was maximal at the participants’ aiming location, and not at the actual hand position or where the cursor was displayed. This demonstrates that visuomotor learning generalizes around where we intend to move rather than where we actually move, and thus introduces a new role for cognitive processes beyond simply reducing movement error.
Análisis descriptivo de las condiciones de conservación de un sitio de forrajeo de la tortuga verde del Pacífico (Chelonia mydas agassizii, Testudines: Chelonioidea) en el Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica; se toma como base el estado de salud de la tortuga y el hallazgo de plaguicidas en el ambiente.
Authors: Sarmento Martha , Chaves Andrea , Retamosa Mónica , Ruepert Clemens , Jiménez Ricardo , Blanco Kinndle
Published: April 2016

El desarrollo de estrategias de manejo, que permitan la conservación de las tortugas marinas y del Golfo Dulce, requiere de insumos relacionados con la condición actual de la salud de estas poblaciones. Diversos estudios han relacionado la manifestación clínica de enfermedades como la fibropapilomatosis (FP) en tortugas marinas con estresores ambientales y actividades antropogénicas, los cuales pueden ocasionar la presencia de contaminantes y el deterioro ambiental de zonas de forrajeo y anidación. Al considerar este ligamen, se desarrolló este estudio, el cual constituye una caracterización ambiental de un sitio de forrajeo, a partir del estado de la salud de la tortuga verde del pacífico (Chelonia mydas agassizii) y de las condiciones ambientales de este sitio (un sitio de forrajeo) en el Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica, entre el 2010 y 2012. Para ello, se determinó el estado físico de 77 tortugas, la presencia de FP y la detección molecular de CFPHV. Se analizó el uso de suelo y la densidad poblacional cercana a la zona de estudio; así como la presencia de plaguicidas en muestras de sedimento marino, agua y pasto marino; también, en sangre de 10 tortugas muestreadas. Entre los resultados obtenidos, destaca el hecho de que la condición general del golfo es conservada, únicamente con la presencia de cultivos de arroz cercanos a la zona y un sector en crecimiento poblacional importante. Se determinó la presencia de un herbicida, clomazona, y el buen estado de salud de los quelonios estudiados, en apariencia libres de FP. Sin embargo, se detectó, molecularmente, el posible agente causal de FP en 26% (20) de los individuos muestreados. Con esta investigación se logró reconocer, al Golfo Dulce, como un importante sitio de forrajeo para la tortuga verde del Pacífico, el cual cuenta con las condiciones adecuadas para su conservación y protección.
Un viaje a las intimidades del guión y del guionista. Sobre El guión como profecía, de Gabrio Zapelli-Cerri.
Authors: Ovares-Gutiérrez Tobías
Published: April 2016

Recensión. 

Zapelli-Cerri, Gabrio. (2014) El guión como profecía.  Costa Rica: EUNA.
Contribuciones teóricas para la construcción de epistemologías otras no androcéntricas: una aproximación al planteamiento feminista de Gloria Comesaña Santalices
Authors: Stephen-Chaves María Laura
Published: April 2016

Pretendo identificar, mediante el estudio de algunos de sus textos, las principales contribuciones teóricas que ha realizado la pensadora Gloria Comesaña Santalices para el proceso de construcción de una/s epistemología/s feminista/s, mediante el acercamiento a propuestas alternativas a las epistemologías androcéntricas que se han constituido como dominantes a lo largo de la historia. Asimismo,  haré referencia a aspectos claves de la epistemología feminista que plantea la autora Comesaña Santalices,  mediante un recorrido por la terminología con que desarrolla sus planteamientos.
Lessons Learned From Newborn Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Oster Matthew E. , Aucott Susan W. , Glidewell Jill , Hackell Jesse , Kochilas Lazaros , Martin Gerard R. , Phillippi Julia , Pinto Nelangi M. , Saarinen Annamarie , Sontag Marci , Kemper Alex R.
Published: April 2016

Newborn screening for critical congenital heart defects (CCHD) was added to the US Recommended Uniform Screening Panel in 2011. Within 4 years, 46 states and the District of Columbia had adopted it into their newborn screening program, leading to CCHD screening being nearly universal in the United States. This rapid adoption occurred while there were still questions about the effectiveness of the recommended screening protocol and barriers to follow-up for infants with a positive screen. In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention partnered with the American Academy of Pediatrics to convene an expert panel between January and September 2015 representing a broad array of primary care, neonatology, pediatric cardiology, nursing, midwifery, public health, and advocacy communities. The panel’s goal was to review current practices in newborn screening for CCHD and to identify opportunities for improvement. In this article, we describe the experience of CCHD screening in the United States with regard to: (1) identifying the target lesions for CCHD screening; (2) optimizing the algorithm for screening; (3) determining state-level challenges to implementation and surveillance of CCHD; (4) educating all stakeholders; (5) performing screening using the proper equipment and in a cost-effective manner; and (6) implementing screening in special settings such as the NICU, out-of-hospital settings, and areas of high altitude.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DE MICROSITIOS PARA EL ESTABLECIMIENTO DE PLÁNTULAS DE Espeletia uribei (Asteraceae)
Authors: Gallego Maya Angélica María , Bonilla Gómez María Argenis
Published: April 2016

Con el fin de determinar si los micrositios de establecimiento están limitando el reclutamiento de las plántulas y la regeneración de Espeletia uribei, un frailejón endémico y valor objeto de conservación del Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, se evaluaron diez variables bióticas y abióticas dentro de micrositios con plántulas y micrositios vacíos. Las variables que más se relacionaron con el establecimiento fueron: la distancia al adulto reproductivo más cercano, el tipo de zona de luz “abierta” y la estructura de vegetación “herbácea” asociada. La distancia al adulto reproductivo más cercano dificulta que las semillas alcancen micrositios más alejados debido al tipo de dispersión primaria barócora de la especie. Zonas de luz “abiertas” y vegetación asociada herbácea condicionaron la capacidad de germinación y establecimiento de la especie. Los resultados mostraron que el reclutamiento de E. uribei está limitado por la disponibilidad de micrositios que reúnan estas condiciones, un factor que es importante considerar para el planteamiento de futuros proyectos de manejo para la conservación y restauración de las poblaciones de la especie.

Characterization of Microsites for Seedling Establishment of Espeletia uribei (Asteraceae)

In order to determine whether microsites are limiting seedling recruitment and regeneration of Espeletica uribei (an endemic frailejon, a valuable species subject to conservation in the Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza) ten biotic and abiotic variables were evaluated from E. uribei seedling microsites as well as from sites without seedlings. The variables associated with seedling establishment were distance from the nearest reproductive adult, the quality of exposure to light, and associated herbaceous structure. Reduced distances from the nearest reproductive adult made it difficult for the seeds to reach distant microsites due to the principle wind dispersal type (anemochory). Open gaps and associated herbaceous structure positively affect the germination capacity and establishment of the species. The results suggest that E. uribei recruitment is limited by the availability of microsites that meet these conditions. These are important factors to consider when planning future projects for the conservation and restoration of this species.
INMOVILIZACIÓN DE LAS MICROALGAS Scenedesmus ovalternus (Scenedesmaceae) Y Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorellaceae) EN ESFERAS DE ALGINATO DE CALCIO
Authors: Forero-Cujiño Mario Andres , Montengro Ruiz Luis Carlos , Pinilla-Agudelo Gabriel Antonio , Melgarejo-Muñoz Luz Marina
Published: April 2016

En este trabajo se describe la técnica de inmovilización de microalgas en esferas de alginato de calcio. Se emplearon las especies Scenedesmus ovalternus y Chlorella vulgaris, se determinó la estabilidad de las esferas, la cinética de crecimiento y la concentración de las microalgas en el interior de las esferas. Chlorella vulgaris alcanzó mayores densidades poblacionales y tasas de crecimiento más altas cuando se inmovilizó en concentraciones del 10 % v/v con el alginato (1,31*106 cél/ml). Para Scenedesmus ovalternus se observó una mayor densidad poblacional y una mayor tasa de crecimiento cuando se inmovilizó en concentraciones del 20 % v/v (7,06*105 cél/ml). Estos resultados son útiles para aplicaciones prácticas de las algas encapsuladas, tales como el biomonitoreo o la biorremediación.

Immobilization of Microalgae Scenedesmus ovalternus (Scenedesmaceae) and Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorellaceae) in Calcium Alginate Beads

This paper describes the immobilization technique of microalgae in calcium alginate beads. Scenedesmus ovalternus and Chlorella vulgaris species were used. The stability of beads, the kinetics of growth and the concentrations of microalgae inside the beads were determined. The higher density and the upper growth rate of Chlorella vulgaris occurred when it was immobilized in alginate at a concentration of 10 %v/v (1,31*106 cél/ml). Scenedesmus ovalternus achieved a higher population density and an elevated growth rate when it was immobilized at a concentration of 20 % v/v (7,06*105 cél/ml). These results are useful for subsequent applications of the encapsulated algae, such as biomonitoring and bioremediation.
CERVANTESIACEAE: NUEVO REGISTRO DE UNA FAMILIA NATURALIZADA PARA LA FLORA DE MÉXICO
Authors: Cuevas Guzmán Ramón , Santana Michel Francisco J. , Santana Michel Francisco J. , Sánchez Rodríguez Enrique V. , Sánchez Rodríguez Enrique V. , Núñez López Nora M. , Núñez López Nora M.
Published: April 2016

Se registra por primera vez para México la especie naturalizada Acanthosyris glabrata (familia Cervantesiaceae), un árbol hemiparásito sólo conocido del noroeste de Sudamérica. Se proporciona información sobre su hábitat y se presenta una ilustración de la especie. Se propone una hipótesis de comercio maritimo entre Ecuador y México para explicar la presencia del taxón en el occidente de México, en un área que dista 3500 km de su distribución original.

Cervantesiaceae: New Record of a Naturalized Family for the Flora of Mexico

We register for the first time in Mexico the naturalized species Acanthosyris glabrata (family Cervantesiaceae), a hemiparasitic tree only known from northwestern South America. We provide information about its habitat and present an illustration of the species. We propose a hypothesis of maritime commerce between Ecuador and Mexico to account for the presence of the taxon in western Mexico, in an area 3500 km away from its original known distribution.
Respuesta productiva del ganado lechero ante el suministro de metionina sintética
Authors: Vargas-Villalobos Omar Andrés , Elizondo-Salazar Jorge Alberto
Published: April 2016

La nutrición animal ha venido siendo cada vez más precisa con el objetivo de lograr la máxima eficiencia al menor costo y el menor impacto ambiental. Los aminoácidos son requeridos sobre un patrón ideal para cubrir las necesidades fisiológicas de los animales en las diferentes etapas de vida. Los rumiantes pueden aprovechar aminoácidos esenciales de la microflora ruminal, sin embargo ésta es insuficiente para llenar los requerimientos de vacas altas productoras. La utilización de aminoácidos sintéticos para llenar las deficiencias de metionina y lisina en la alimentación de vacas lecheras, que consumen alimentos con altas proporciones de granos, se presenta como una opción viable, ya que se ha comprobado la baja presencia de estos dos aminoácidos en donde la fuente de proteína proviene de derivados del maíz y la harina de soya. También se ha demostrado que la cantidad de metionina y lisina excretados por la glándula mamaria es mayor que la de otros aminoácidos, además todo parece indicar que la metionina posee una alta tasa de degradación en el rumen. La utilización de altas cantidades de proteína cruda en las raciones puede provocar una alta excreción de nitrógeno ureico al ambiente aparte de que puede ser perjudicial para la salud del animal, sin garantizar que se estén llenando los requerimientos de aminoácidos. Algunos de los resultados obtenidos con la suplementación de aminoácidos sintéticos son incremento en producción, incremento en rendimiento de grasa y proteína láctea y disminución en la excreción de nitrógeno al ambiente. El objetivo de esta revisión literaria es dar a conocer el efecto de la suplementación de metionina en la alimentación de vacas lecheras altas productoras.
Características taxonómicas de pastos Brachiaria utilizados en Costa Rica
Authors: Villalobos Villabos Luis , Montiel Longhi Mayra
Published: April 2016

Se evaluó las características taxonómicas de 13 cultivares de pasto del género Brachiaria de uso común en Costa Rica; tres cultivares de B. decumbens (Basilisk CIAT 606, Peludo y Basilisk) y diez de B. brizantha (Piatá, MG-5 Victoria, Diamantes 1-CIAT 6780, Basilisk, Mulato-CIAT 36061, Mulato 2-CIAT 36087, MG-5 Toledo, Marandú, Toledo-CIAT 26110 y Xaraes-Toledo). Se cosecharon plantas enteras en estado vegetativo (hojas y culmos) y en estado de floración (inflorescencias y espiguillas) de cada cultivar. El largo y ancho de las hojas fueron entre 20-68 cm y 1 a 2,2 cm, respectivamente. El largo de los culmos fue de 0,23 a 2,5 m y el largo de los entrenudos entre 12 a 34 cm. La cantidad de racimos por inflorescencia fue entre 2 a 5 y cada uno con un largo entre 7 a 23 cm. El largo total de las inflorescencias y de sus vainas fue 23 a 55 cm y 8,9 a 35 cm, respectivamente. El largo de las espiguillas fue 5 a 8 cm. La información recolectada en este estudio pretende ser una herramienta de campo para la identificación de cultivares de Brachiaria uso común en Costa Rica.
Laboratorio de bromatología de forrajes Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal
Authors: Martínez-Machado Adrián
Published: April 2016

Este escrito corresponde a una reseña histórica sobre el Laboratorio de Bromatología del Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal; sobre sus alcances, sus objetivos actuales y los retos que se avecinan.
KHÍA CẠNH KỸ THUẬT VÀ HIỆU QUẢ KINH TẾ CỦA MÔ HÌNH NUÔI TÔM-RỪNG Ở HUYỆN NĂM CĂN, TỈNH CÀ MAU
Authors: Viet Le Quoc , Hai Tran Ngoc
Published: April 2016

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện từ tháng 8-12/2014, số liệu được thu bằng cách phỏng vấn trực tiếp 37 hộ nuôi tôm - rừng ở huyện Năm Căn, tỉnh Cà Mau. Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá hiệu quả kinh tế và xác định các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến hiệu quả của mô hình nuôi. Kết quả cho thấy, diện tích nuôi trung bình của các hộ nuôi 2,1 ha, trong đó diện tích rừng chiếm tỷ lệ 35,9%, độ sâu mực nước trung bình ở mương 1,3 m và trảng là 0,5 m. Tuổi cây rừng dao động từ 2 - 17 năm, trung bình là 6,7 năm. Số lần thả tôm và cua giống trong năm lần lượt là 4,7 và 5,2 lần; tương ứng với mật độ tôm là 16,8 con/m2 và cua là 0,6 con/m2. Tỷ lệ sống trung bình của tôm sú 1,3% và cua là 3,8%. Năng suất trung bình của tôm sú, cua, tôm tự nhiên và cá lần lượt là 196; 61; 89 và 71 kg/ha/năm. Tổng chi phí trung bình của mô hình nuôi 23,9 triệu đồng/ha/năm; tổng thu nhập trung bình 86,3 triệu đồng/ha/năm; lợi nhuận 62,3 triệu đồng/ha/năm và tỷ suất lợi nhuận 2,9. Bên cạnh đó, các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến năng suất tôm nuôi gồm tỷ lệ sống, số lần thả, tuổi cây rừng và độ sâu mực nước của mương. Các mô hình nuôi có cây rừng lớn hơn 9 năm tuổi cho lợi nhuận và tỷ suất lợi nhuận thấp hơn so với các tuổi cây rừng có tuổi nhỏ hơn. Ngoài ra, lợi nhuận còn ảnh hưởng bởi năng suất tôm sú, cua, cá, mật độ tôm và mật độ cua nuôi.
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF COASTAL ISLAND SYSTEM IN VIETNAM
Authors: Khanh Uong Dinh
Published: April 2016

Coastal island system in Vietnam distributes and stretches over 2000 km from Quang Ninh coastal sea to Kien Giang coastal sea. Because of the distribution in tropical monsoon belt, coastal island system ownes tremendous values of natural tourism potential; which are maritime climate with mild sunshine, and the place that contains a diversity of terrain, landscape and sea-island biological resources. In the coastal islands, there also exist various types of humanistic tourism resources, including ancient architectures, historical, cultural and archaeological relics, folk festivals and regional food culture. The values of natural and humanistic tourism potential of coastal islands are the foundation for the development of unique sea-island tourism, and the establishment of national and international famous tourism centers. The islands having potential and advantages for tourism development are firstly Vinh Thuc island, Van Don island area, Co To - Thanh Lam island group, islands in Ha Long - Bai Tu Long bay (Quang Ninh), Cat Ba (Hai Phong), Cu Lao Cham (Quang Nam), Ly Son (Quang Ngai), Hon Tre (Khanh Hoa), Phu Quy (Binh Thuan), Con Dao (Ba Ria-Vung Tau) and Phu Quoc (Kien Giang).
KẾT QUẢ BƯỚC ĐẦU NGHIÊN CỨU TỐC ĐỘ LẮNG ĐỌNG, NGUỒN TRẦM TÍCH ĐÁY VỊNH HẠ LONG: DẤU HIỆU TỪ KHOÁNG VẬT SÉT, ĐỒNG VỊ 210Pb VÀ 137Cs
Authors: Vuong Bui Van , Liu Zhifei , Thanh Tran Duc , Huh Chih-An , Nhon Dang Hoai , Ve Nguyen Dac , Huy Dinh Van
Published: April 2016

Vịnh Hạ Long là một trong những di sản thiên nhiên thế giới, hàng năm, vịnh thu hút nhiều du khách trong và ngoài nước. Tuy nhiên, trong những năm gần đây, cảnh quan vịnh bị tác động bởi hàng loạt các tác động tiêu cực - bồi lắng đáy vịnh là một trong những tác động tiêu cực lớn. Đáy vịnh Hạ Long bồi cạn ra sao? nguyên nhân nào gây ra? Theo cách tiếp cận từ nguồn cung cấp đến bồn lắng đọng trầm tích “source-to-sink” và phối hợp với kết quả thành phần khoáng vật sét và đồng vị phóng xạ 210Pb và 137Cs, nghiên cứu này sẽ góp phần là sáng tỏ vấn đề trên. Kết quả hàm lượng smectite, illite và chỉ số smectite/( illite+chlorite) chỉ thị: trầm tích chuyển vào vịnh Hạ Long không chỉ nhận từ vùng xung quanh vịnh mà nó còn nhận từ hệ thống sông Hồng. Kết quả 210Pb và 137Cs cho thấy: tốc độ lắng đọng trầm tích tại vịnh Hạ Long trong vòng 100 năm qua, dao động trong khoảng 0,47 - 0,75 cm/năm, và có thể chia làm 4 giai đoạn: giai đoạn I (từ năm 1920 - 1930), giai đoạn II (từ năm 1930 - 1960); giai đoạn III (1960 - 1990) và giai đoạn IV (từ năm 1990 - 2011) với tốc độ lắng đọng trung bình lần lượt là 0,45 cm/năm; 0,66 cm/năm; 0,50 cm/năm; và 0,85 cm/năm tương ứng. Các hoạt động của con người như: xây hồ chứa, khai thác mỏ, đô thị hóa, nuôi trồng thủy sản ... là nguyên nhân gây bồi cạn đáy vịnh.
INFLUENCE OF DYNAMIC PROCESSES ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE IN THE COASTAL AREA OF MEKONG RIVER MOUTH
Authors: Vinh Vu Duy , Lan Tran Dinh , Tu Tran Anh , Anh Nguyen Thi Kim , Tien Nguyen Ngoc
Published: April 2016

This paper presents some results on the influences of dynamic processes on morphological change in the Mekong river mouth area. The roles of these dynamic processes were assessed by the MORFAC (the morphological acceleration factor) method (Delft3D model) and analysis of 50 scenarios. Study results show that wave and river are dominant factors impacting on sediment transport and morphological change in the study area. In case of calm wave-wind, the interaction between river and tides creates deposition zones. Significant wave height in the range of 1 - 3 m is important factor that affects morphological changes in Mekong coastal area. The sediment accumulation in the flood season is the temporary distribution of sediments from the river. After flood season, sediments in the seabed are re-distributed and transported by the influences of dynamic processes in the condition of the lack of sediments. As a result, it creates the morphological change in the dry season.
HYDRODYNAMIC REGIME AND WATER EXCHANGE IN NAI LAGOON, NINH THUAN PROVINCE
Authors: An Pham Hai , Quan Nguyen Van , Tien Pham Van
Published: April 2016

This study presents the researching results of the characteristics of hydrodynamic regime and the water exchange in Nai lagoon in Ninh Thuan province and the impact of change in embankment system according to simulation by using numerical models. By application of 3-dimensional MIKE 3 model, the pattern has been established to verify the data of water levels. Calculation is set up in July and in October (representing wet and dry seasons in the region). The simulation results show that in October tidal amplitude is greater than that in July. The flow rate in the center of the lagoon is small, an average of about 2 cm/s, the largest not exceeded 4 cm/s. Regime of water exchange between Nai lagoon and the sea is differences in the rainy and dry seasons. The effect of changes in size of embankment system on hydrodynamic regimes and water exchange of Nai lagoon is also analyzed, evaluated.
Polychlorinated biphenyl diffusion through HDPE geomembrane
Authors: Rowe R. K. , Jones D. D. , Rutter A.
Published: April 2016

Experiments conducted to evaluate the partitioning coefficient from aqueous solution into and out of high-density polyethylene geomembrane, as well as the diffusion coefficient through the geomembrane are reported. The best estimate partitioning coefficient (Sgf) is about 150 000 with an upper-bound estimate of 325 000. The best estimate diffusion coefficient (Dg) is 1.0 × 10−14 m2/s, with lower and upper bounds of 0.5 × 10−14and 5 × 10−14, respectively. Using the diffusive properties obtained from the above experiments, the potential impacts on an aquifer of the migration of polychlorinated biphenyls and chloride are compared for a composite liner in a hypothetical municipal solid waste landfill. It is shown that, with good construction quality assurance to limit the number of holes and length of covered wrinkles to acceptably low values, a modern composite liner limited the impact of polychlorinated biphenyls on the aquifer concentration to well below regulatory limits.
A President’s Portrait in Domestic Protest: The Anatomy of Hate
Authors: Lysiuk Natalia
Published: April 2016

The extreme level of tension during the Euromaidan in Ukraine has caused a real explosion of urban post-folklore creativity. These folklore forms have many distinctive features of traditional folklore, but they are also characterized by their means of transmission. For instance, anonymous inscriptions could appear anywhere. Such texts have their own dramaturgy, and they recreate the development of the Euromaidan events (from simple appeals to give people an opportunity to determine their own destiny to openly hostile discourse that portrayed the former President of Ukraine, Victor Yanukovich, as the main enemy of the Euromaidan). Among those attested: distortions of Yanukovich’s name; demonstration of contempt for his image; insults; mention of his criminal past and ongoing corruption; and prophecies of his fate. One of the defining features of such texts is the violation of prohibitions on the use of dysphemisms and vulgarity as a verbal weapon against an enemy. We will also discuss the basic functions of protest folklore and hate speech.
Infraestructura Vial y crecimiento económico: Caso Parroquias Sevilla Don Bosco y San Isidro, Provincia de Morona Santiago, Ecuador
Authors: Zurita Vaca Mauricio , Amboya Soqueb Renato , Barba Castro Elizabeth
Published: April 2016

RESUMEN

Las parroquias mencionadas en esta investigación son eminentemente agrícolas y han mostrado un crecimiento de su producción en los últimos años gracias al cultivo de tubérculos (yuca y malanga) destinados a la exportación, esta situación se complementa con la ejecución de proyectos de asfaltado de carreteras por parte del Gobierno Autónomo de Morona Santiago, por ello la investigación realizada se canalizó hacia la determinación del nivel de influencia de esta infraestructura vial sobre el crecimiento económico de las parroquias Sevilla Don Bosco y San Isidro entre los años 2011 y 2014, con el desarrollo de un modelo econométrico de crecimiento endógeno, que considera a la mano de obra y la inversión en insumos agrícolas como pilares de la producción y los kilómetros de vías asfaltadas, como resultado del análisis. La investigación determina, que la infraestructura la infraestructura vial Sevilla Seipa y Proaño San Isidro tuvo una influencia positiva en el crecimiento económico de las parroquias antes mencionadas, sin embargo, en contraste con la literatura económica analizada al respecto, no tuvo una influencia determinante debido a que la inversión privada fue fundamental para determinar sus posibilidades de producción y generar crecimiento económico.

 

 

ABSTRACT

The parishes mentioned in this research are predominantly agricultural and have shown economic growth recently based on in two products of exportation: cassava and  malanga; this situation is complemented by the implementation of asphalt roads projects by the Morona Santiago´s Autonomous Government, so the research was oriented to determinate the influence level of road infrastructure over economic growth in the Sevilla Don Bosco and San Isidro´s parishes between 2011 and 2014, through the development of an econometric model of endogenous growth, which considers work force and investment in agricultural inputs as pillars of the production additionally paved road kilometers, as an enhancer factor of economic growth. The conclusion is about the road infrastructure Sevilla Seipa and Proaño San Isidro had a positive influence on the economic growth of these parishes, however, in contrast to the economic literature discussed, it didn´t have a great influence because the private investment was essential to determine the potential production and generates economic growth.
Panjandrums in African Universities: Inapt Scholars for African Development
Authors: Mosweunyane Dama
Published: April 2016

This article is meant to advance the view that the university academics in Africa have not been able to make some meaningful developments of economic, political, social and environmental nature for the continent. The paper argues that this is because they have relied chiefly on exotic western concepts, which undermines efforts to develop the African continent. The paper castigates this dependence because some of the concepts that get imported into the continent are not apt for its conditions, since they were designed for foreign conditions. The unique development of Africa could have been realised if the universities in the continent could have been utilising indigenous concepts or making a thorough assessment and modifying the foreign ideologies and approaches before their utilisation. The teaching approaches that the continent used for passing knowledge from generation to generation are undermined, which results in the rejection of the skills, knowledge and attitudes that the continent cherished before the universities produced panjandrums that view Western concepts as superior to those that are indigenous.

The paper argues that the African scholars continue to employ methods of research, which have limited the inventiveness and creativeness of the universities in Africa. The reward systems for excellent performance in the universities in Africa are based on the standards set for Western Universities, which emphasise publications by non-African publishers. The use of non-African publishers has lessened the capacity of universities in Africa to develop and strengthen their publishing houses, which is necessary if they are to promulgate ideologies that are unique to the continent.

The paper attributes this limitation to the colonial experiences that the continent has and lack of indigenous ideologies to escape from the shackles of ideological manipulations. The continent still relies on consultancies that are undertaken by the scholars from the West, instead of those that are brewed locally by the Africans scholars.

The paper concludes by proposing that the African universities should promote ideological applications based on locally generated decisions with little to no foreign influence, than to continue relying on exotic concepts that have failed the African development agendas.
Virus asociados al amarillamiento de Hibiscus sabdariffa en Guerrero, México
Authors: Velázquez-Fernández Patricia , Zamora-Macorra Erika Janet , Ochoa-Martínez Daniel Leobardo , Negrete-Fernández Grisel , Hernández-Morales Javier
Published: April 2016

En la zona productora de jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) del estado de Guerrero en el ciclo otoño-invierno 2014 se observaron cinco parcelas con una incidencia de 90 a 100 % de plantas con aclaramiento de nervaduras, mosaico y amarillamiento. Se colectaron plantas asintomáticas y con los síntomas antes descritos y se injertaron en plantas sanas de jamaica observándose clorosis de venas y mosaico 17 días después en las plantas injertadas con hojas que mostraban síntomas. Se extrajo DNA y RNA de tejido de las plantas colectadas en campo y de las injertadas que mostraron síntomas y se analizó para fitoplasmas, begomovirus, virus de la familia Potyviridae y Okra mosaic virus (OkMV). Los resultados para fitoplasmas, virus de la familia Potyviridae y Okra mosaic virus fueron negativos. Sólo se tuvo el amplicón esperado en el caso de begomovirus. Las secuencias de ocho plantas con síntomas colectadas en campo tuvieron una similitud del 95 % con  Okra yellow mosaic Mexico virus (OkYMMV). Dos plantas con síntomas colectadas en campo mostraron un porcentaje de similitud menor a otros begomovirus. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el amarillamiento de la jamaica está asociado a un complejo de begomovirus en el que se encuentra presente el OkYMMV.