bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Predictive Torque Controller for Switched Reluctance Motor Drives
Authors: Li Cunhe , Zhao Bo , Liu Jian , Liu Xing
Published: September 2022

This paper proposes a novel deadbeat predictive torque control (DPTC) scheme to minimize the torque ripple of switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives. The proposed DPTC consists of torque inverse model and flux‐linkage controller. The torque inverse model is used to realize the nonlinear mapping from the desired torque to the flux‐linkage. On this basis, the flux‐linkage controller predicts the required voltage for a given reference torque at each digital time step. Besides, an improved pulse width modulation (PWM) control is developed to offset the losses caused by power converter and winding resistance. And the digital delay in the actual implementation of the proposed DPTC algorithm is compensated through the estimation + prediction technology. Both simulation and experimental testing are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. The results show that the proposed DPTC method has better torque ripple suppression performance than the conventional direct torque control (DTC) scheme. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Adaptive Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control Based on Radial Basis Function Neural Network for Speed Tracking of Switched Reluctance Motor
Authors: Sheng Linhao , Wang Guofeng , Fan Yunsheng
Published: September 2022

In this study, to improve the speed tracking performance of the switched reluctance motor (SRM), a control scheme combining fast terminal sliding mode (FTSM) control and radial basis function (RBF) neural network is proposed. First, the convergence characteristic of the FTSM control is derived, and a basic control scheme is designed to ensure the fast convergence of SRM speed tracking errors. Second, the RBF neural network with adaptive parameters is introduced to replace the equivalent control law, which avoids the requirement for the precise mathematical model information of the system. At the same time, considering the network approximation error and unknown external disturbances, an adaptive control law with variables gain is designed. The chattering phenomenon is suppressed and the robustness of the system is enhanced. The updated law of the controller and the stability of the closed‐loop system are derived based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the simulation and experimental results of the SRM drive system show that the proposed control scheme has an excellent performance in terms of tracking accuracy, response speed, and robustness. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Synthesis of biodegradable PVA/cellulose polymer composites and their application in dye removal
Authors: Sarkhel Rwiddhi , Ganguly Preetha , Das Papita , Bhowal Avijit , Sengupta Shubhalakshmi
Published: September 2022

Environmentally sustainable composite films were synthesized using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cellulose. Cellulose was extracted from the Agro‐waste (sugarcane bagasse) using chemical pre‐treatment followed by the acid‐hydrolysis process. The composites were also used for the treatment of dye (Methylene blue; MB and Crystal violet dye; CV) and it was observed that the removal capacity of PVA/C was 70% for CV and 64.5% for MB dye. The biodegradation study of these composite films was also carried out using bacterial strains isolated from the marine waters of south Bengal. The biodegradation study of these polymer composites was characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD, TGA, swelling properties, and weight loss. The results indicated that the PVA/C polymer showed a better rate of degradation (43%) than PVA (35%). Different loading parameters like pH, temperature, and inoculum dosage were studied to assess the degradation of the composite materials. Thus, biodegradable composite films were synthesized utilizing Agro‐waste and had dye removal properties.
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma in a dachshund with prolonged survival time
Authors: Damian Giovanni , Di Bella Andrea
Published: September 2022

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common primary renal tumour in dogs. In this case, a 3‐year‐old female dachshund was diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma, with high mitotic index (40). Metastatic spread was detected in the lungs in the form of multiple discrete masses. She was treated with nephrectomy, urethrectomy and ovariohysterectomy to remove the primary mass and the surrounding tissue it was invading. This was followed by tyrosine kinase inhibitor (toceranib: Palladia) medication. The patient has been rechecked bi‐monthly, and haematology and biochemistry samples have been taken to monitor for toceranib phosphate adverse reaction. No clinical or biochemical alterations have been noticed in the rechecks performed. A computed tomography was performed 3 years after the initial scan, and the lung masses appear reduced in size. The reported survival times in dogs with mitotic index of less than 30 has been reported to be of 8–9 months, and at the time of writing this case report, the survival time has already been of 36 months.
Die Inhaltsanalyse im Forschungsfeld der Risikoberichterstattung
Authors: Post Senja , Wegner Jana Kim
Published: September 2022

Analysen der Risikoberichterstattung liegen in der Regel zwei Fragestellungen zugrunde: Wie angemessen ist die Darstellung von Risiken in den Medien und wie werden Risiken in den Medien konstruiert? Diese Fragestellungen überschneiden sich, sind aber nicht deckungsgleich. Die erste Fragestellung basiert auf der Voraussetzung, dass wissenschaftliche oder statistische Risikoinformationen vorliegen.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Video Games
Authors: Wulf Tim , Possler Daniel , Breuer Johannes
Published: September 2022

This chapter provides an overview of content-analytical research on video games. We introduce existing and emerging constructs commonly studied in content analyses of video games (e.g., violence, sexism), review methodological challenges, and discuss how research so far has dealt with them. We also offer suggestions for future directions for content analyses of video games, both in terms of the constructs and games studied as well as the methods applied.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Incivility and Hate Speech in Online Communication
Authors: Esau Katharina
Published: September 2022

The origins of research on incivility and hate speech can be traced back to the question of what qualities public communication should have in order to establish and maintain a democratic society. Democracy and public sphere theorists have presented different answers to this question and accordingly developed different concepts of civility. Incivility is a controversial concept associated with a wide spectrum of behaviors. Based on the different theoretical concepts, different indicators of incivility have been used. This chapter summarizes previous theoretical approaches and provides an overview of existing content analytic studies of incivility in online user-generated communication.
Content Analysis in the Research on Reporting Styles
Authors: Klein Miriam
Published: September 2022

The content analysis of reporting styles enables a rough characterization of the journalistic content with regard to the news format (news stories, commentaries, feature journalism, interviews) as well as an evaluation of the journalistic style in terms of content and language. This latter question of how content is presented encompasses many research traditions and refers, for example, to the objectivity norm, horse race coverage, storytelling or news softening. The present chapter provides a brief overview of news formats and content-related or stylistic journalistic reporting styles and discusses possible further research questions and designs as well as the contribution of automated content analysis in this field.
Soft integrals and soft anomalous dimensions at N3LO and beyond
Authors: Duhr Claude , Mistlberger Bernhard , Vita Gherardo
Published: September 2022

Abstract

We calculate soft phase-space and loop master integrals for the computation of color-singlet cross sections through N3LO in perturbative QCD. Our results are functions of homogeneous transcendental weight and include the first nine terms in the expansion in the dimensional regulator ϵ. We discuss the application of our results to the computation of deeply-inelastic scattering and e+e− annihilation processes. We use these results to compute the perturbative coefficient functions for the Drell-Yan and gluon-fusion Higgs boson production cross sections to higher orders in ϵ through N3LO in QCD in the limit where only soft partons are produced on top of the colorless final state. Furthermore, we extract the anomalous dimension of the inclusive threshold soft function and of the N-Jettiness beam and jet functions to N4LO in perturbative QCD.
Constructing CFTs from AdS flows
Authors: Fröb Markus B.
Published: September 2022

Abstract

We study the renormalization group flow equations for correlation functions of weakly coupled quantum field theories in AdS. Taking the limit where the external points approach the conformal boundary, we obtain a flow of conformally invariant correlation functions. We solve the flow for one- and two-point functions and show that the corrections to the conformal dimensions can be obtained as an integral over the Mellin amplitude of the four-point function. We also derive the flow of the Mellin amplitude for higher n-point functions. We then consider the flows at tree level and one loop (in AdS), and show that one obtains exactly the recursion relations for the corresponding Mellin amplitudes derived earlier by Fitzpatrick et al. [1] at tree level and Yuan [2, 3] at one loop. As an application, we furthermore compute one-loop corrections to the conformal dimensions for some operators in the CFT dual to an O(N) scalar model in AdS.
Axions in string theory — slaying the Hydra of dark radiation
Authors: Cicoli Michele , Hebecker Arthur , Jaeckel Joerg , Wittner Manuel
Published: September 2022

Abstract

It is widely believed that string theory easily allows for a QCD axion in the cosmologically favored mass range. The required small decay constant, fa ≪ MP, can be implemented by using a large compactification volume. This points to the Large Volume Scenario which in turn makes certain cosmological predictions: first, the closed string axion behaves similarly to a field-theoretic axion in the pre-inflationary scenario, i.e. the initial value can be tuned but one is constrained by isocurvature fluctuations. In addition, the volume represents a long-lived modulus that may lead to an early matter-dominated phase. Finally, the decay of the volume modulus to its own axion tends to overproduce dark radiation. In this paper we aim to carefully analyze the cosmology by studying models that not only allow for a QCD axion but also include inflation. Quite generally, limits on isocurvature fluctuations restrict us to relatively low-scale inflation, which in the present stringy context points to Kähler moduli inflation. As a novel feature we find that the lightest (volume) modulus couples strongly to the Higgs. It hence quickly decays to the SM, thus resolving the original dark radiation problem. This decay is much faster than that of the inflaton, implying that reheating is determined by the inflaton decay. The inflaton could potentially reintroduce a dark radiation problem since it decays to lighter moduli and their axions with equal rates. However, due its mixing with the QCD-saxion, the inflaton has also a direct decay rate to the SM, enhanced by the number of SM gauge bosons. This results in an amount of dark radiation that is consistent with present limits but potentially detectable in future measurements.
Boost-invariant superfluid flows
Authors: Rodgers Ronnie , Subils Javier G.
Published: September 2022

Abstract

We present some exact solutions to the ideal hydrodynamics of a relativistic superfluid with an almost-conformal equation of state. The solutions have stress tensors which are invariant under Lorentz boosts in one direction, and represent superfluid generalisations of the Bjorken and Gubser flows. We also study corrections to the flows in first-order hydrodynamics, arguing that dissipation is dominated by the shear viscosity. We present some simple numerical solutions for these viscous corrections. Finally, we estimate the size of corrections to the flows arising when the spontaneously broken U(1) symmetry responsible for superfluidity is only approximate, giving the corresponding Goldstone boson a small non-zero mass. We find that the massless solutions can still provide good approximations at sufficiently small spatial rapidities.
Bubble nucleation and quantum initial conditions in classical statistical simulations
Authors: Tranberg Anders , Ungersbäck Gerhard
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Classical-statistical lattice simulations provide a useful approximation to out-of-equilibrium quantum field theory, but only for systems exhibiting large occupation numbers, and only for phenomena that are not intrinsically quantum mechanical in nature. In certain special circumstances, it can be appropriate to initialize such real-time simulations with quantum-like zero-point fluctuations. We will revisit these points, and investigate reports that quantum bubble nucleation rates in 1+1 dimensions can be computed through the classical evolution of such a quantum-like initial condition [1]. We find that although intriguing, the reported numerical agreement between classical-statistical simulations and the quantum nucleation rate in 1+1 dimensions is a coincidence, which is not specific to this choice of initialisation, is parameter and lattice cut-off dependent and disappears as the number of space-dimensions increases from 1+1 to 2+1.
Depth-based reconstruction method for incomplete functional data
Authors: Elías Antonio , Jiménez Raúl , Shang Han Lin
Published: September 2022

The problem of estimating missing fragments of curves from a functional sample has been widely considered in the literature. However, most reconstruction methods rely on estimating the covariance matrix or the components of its eigendecomposition, which may be difficult. In particular, the estimation accuracy might be affected by the complexity of the covariance function, the noise of the discrete observations, and the poor availability of complete discrete functional data. We introduce a non-parametric alternative based on depth measures for partially observed functional data. Our simulations point out that the benchmark methods perform better when the data come from one population, curves are smooth, and there is a large proportion of complete data. However, our approach is superior when considering more complex covariance structures, non-smooth curves, and when the proportion of complete functions is scarce. Moreover, even in the most severe case of having all the functions incomplete, our method provides good estimates; meanwhile, the competitors are unable. The methodology is illustrated with two real data sets: the Spanish daily temperatures observed in different weather stations and the age-specific mortality by prefectures in Japan. They highlight the interpretability potential of the depth-based method.
A Comparison Between Piezosurgery and Conventional Osteotomies in Rhinoplasty on Post-Operative Oedema and Ecchymosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kisel Janneta , Khatib Manaf , Cavale Naveen
Published: September 2022

Piezosurgery use has become increasingly prevalent in osteotomies. Piezoelectric ultrasound waves can cut bone effectively, and some studies have shown reduced post-operative morbidities compared to conventional osteotomies. Oedema and ecchymosis are common complications of rhinoplasty and can impact patient satisfaction, wound healing, and recovery. We aim to provide an up-to-date comparison of post-operative oedema and ecchymosis in piezosurgery and conventional osteotomies. A literature search was conducted using the following online libraries; Pubmed, Cochrane, Science Direct, and ISRCTN (International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number). English publications between 2015 and 2020 were included. A systematic review was completed, and a comparison of oedema and ecchymosis in piezosurgery and conventional osteotomies was examined alongside other outcomes such as pain, mucosal injury, and surgery time. Eight randomised controlled trials (RCTs) met our criteria with a combined total of 440 patients: 191 male and 249 female. Piezosurgery had statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in short-term oedema compared to conventional osteotomies in 75% of the papers included, and in 50% this persisted across the whole follow-up period. Similarly, ecchymosis scoring was initially statistically lower (p < 0.05) in piezosurgery in 87.5% of the RCTs, and in 75% this persisted across the whole follow-up period. A reduction in pain (p < 0.05) and mucosal injury (p < 0.05) was also seen in piezoelectric osteotomies. The length of surgery time varied. Piezoelectric osteotomies reduce oedema and ecchymosis compared to conventional osteotomies, in addition to improving pain and mucosal injury. However, disadvantages such as length of surgery time and cost have been reported.

Level of Evidence III

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors  www.springer.com/00266.
Chronology of Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Miyauchi Akira
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The basic nature of cancer includes unlimited growth, invasion, and metastasis. The TNM staging system is very simple and popular. It indicates the degree of the anatomical spread of the disease but does not include tumor growth. Collins reported that human tumors grow exponentially, which can be expressed in doubling time.

Patients and Methods

We found that in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) serum calcitonin and thyroglobulin levels changed exponentially over time, respectively, and that doubling times of these values were very strong prognostic factors. Doubling time has two major limitations. Doubling rate resolves these limitations. Using doubling rate, we performed kinetic analyses on tumor volume during active surveillance of micro‐PTC.

Results

Our kinetic studies on patients with biochemically persistent disease revealed that 17% of MTC and 51% of PTC showed decrease in serum tumor marker levels over time. During active surveillance of micro‐PTC, 17% of the patients showed clear decrease in their tumor volume. The evidences currently available are limited. However, our data indicate the following: Growth slowdown and regression are very common phenomena in the natural history of micro‐PTC, clinical PTC in young and middle‐aged patients, and hereditary MTC. The biologic characteristics of cancers of the same name, such as PTC, are diverse and vary widely with age.

Conclusions

Doubling time and doubling rate are very powerful tools to provide the most appropriate management for the patients with thyroid cancers. Knowing the natural history of thyroid cancer is essential for the best disease management of thyroid cancer.
Management of chronic rheumatic diseases in women 18–45 years of age in Asia Pacific: insights from patient and clinician surveys
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiya , Barrett Claire , Hirano Yuji , Ikeda Kei , Paizis Kathy , Sameshima Azusa , Mountian Irina , Wong Priscilla C.
Published: September 2022

Objective

Perspectives of women aged 18–45 years with chronic rheumatic diseases (CRD), and clinicians, in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region are reported.

Methods

Online surveys were completed by women, pregnant in the past 2–5 years, with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), and rheumatologists, obstetricians, orthopaedic surgeons who medically manage CRDs.

Results

Among 210 (RA 122, PsA 48, axSpA 40) patients, 52% (n = 109/210) delayed their decision to have children, most commonly due to concerns of passing on disease to offspring. 33% (n = 70/210) discussed family planning with a healthcare professional at diagnosis. Patients most often initiated discussions. 94% (n = 193/205) stopped treatment around pregnancy due to fear of fetal harm. 66% (n = 139/210) of patients felt they did not receive all relevant information on the impact of CRDs and treatment on pregnancy.

Among 335 clinicians who participated, 82% (n = 143/174) of rheumatologists, 86% (n = 72/84) of obstetricians and 43% (n = 33/77) of orthopaedic surgeons agreed good disease control during pregnancy was their primary goal. 69% (n = 120/174) of rheumatologists were ‘very comfortable’ with prescribing tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) for women aged 18–45 years. Comfort levels generally decreased with the onset of family planning. More obstetricians and orthopaedic surgeons supported avoiding TNFi during pregnancy than rheumatologists (40% [n = 34/84]/38% [n = 29/77] versus 16% [n = 28/174]). Access to more TNFi safety data during pregnancy was considered paramount for increasing clinician comfort.

Conclusions

Patients and physicians need current information and multidisciplinary discussions for improved management of CRD in women in APAC.
Gripping performance in the stick insect Sungaya inexpectata in dependence on the pretarsal architecture
Authors: Winand Julian , Gorb Stanislav N. , Büscher Thies H.
Published: September 2022

Insect attachment devices and capabilities have been subject to research efforts for decades, and even though during that time considerable progress has been made, numerous questions remain. Different types of attachment devices are known, alongside most of their working principles, however, some details have yet to be understood. For instance, it is not clear why insects for the most part developed pairs of claws, instead of either three or a single one. In this paper, we investigated the gripping forces generated by the stick insect Sungaya inexpectata, in dependence on the number of available claws. The gripping force experiments were carried out on multiple, standardized substrates of known roughness, and conducted in directions both perpendicular and parallel to the substrate. This was repeated two times: first with a single claw being amputated from each of the animals’ legs, then with both claws removed, prior to the measurement. The adhesive pads (arolia) and frictional pads (euplantulae) remained intact. It was discovered that the removal of claws had a detractive effect on the gripping forces in both directions, and on all substrates. Notably, this also included the control of smooth surfaces on which the claws were unable to find any asperities to grip on. The results show that there is a direct connection between the adhesive performance of the distal adhesive pad (arolium) and the presence of intact claws. These observations show collective effects between different attachment devices that work in concert during locomotion, and grant insight into why most insects possess two claws.
Expect the unexpected: a case of spontaneous thrombosis of a pial arteriovenous fistula in a preterm newborn with review of the literature
Authors: Sabrina Congedi , Laura Moschino , Sabrina Salvadori , Giacomo Talenti , Nicoletta Mainini , Elena Priante , Francesco Causin , Eugenio Baraldi
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Pial arteriovenous fistulas (pAVF) are rare vascular malformations, especially in children and newborns. In neonates, the most common symptom is congestive heart failure.

Case presentation

We report a case of an asymptomatic preterm newborn incidentally diagnosed with pAVF during a routine cranial ultrasound (cUS) on the third day of life. Cerebral magnetic resonance (MRI) confirmed the diagnosis. A wait-and-see approach was chosen by the multidisciplinary team. The cUS and the MRI on day 14 of life showed the spontaneous resolution of the lesion.

Conclusions

This case underlines the challenges in identifying pAVF in the first weeks of life and demonstrates a possible positive outcome for affected neonates.
The protective effect of low-dose minocycline on brain microvascular ultrastructure in a rodent model of subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Gendosz de Carrillo Daria , Student Sebastian , Bula Daniel , Mielańczyk Łukasz , Burek Małgorzata , Meybohm Patrick , Jędrzejowska-Szypułka Halina
Published: September 2022

The multifaceted nature of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) pathogenesis is poorly understood. To date, no pharmacological agent has been found to be efficacious for the prevention of brain injury when used for acute SAH intervention. This study was undertaken to evaluate the beneficial effects of low-dose neuroprotective agent minocycline on brain microvascular ultrastructures that have not been studied in detail. We studied SAH brain injury using an in vivo prechiasmatic subarachnoid hemorrhage rodent model. We analyzed the qualitative and quantitative ultrastructural morphology of capillaries and surrounding neuropil in the rodent brains with SAH and/or minocycline administration. Here, we report that low-dose minocycline (1 mg/kg) displayed protective effects on capillaries and surrounding cells from significant SAH-induced changes. Ultrastructural morphology analysis revealed also that minocycline stopped endothelial cells from abnormal production of vacuoles and vesicles that compromise blood–brain barrier (BBB) transcellular transport. The reported ultrastructural abnormalities as well as neuroprotective effects of minocycline during SAH were not directly mediated by inhibition of MMP-2, MMP-9, or EMMPRIN. However, SAH brain tissue treated with minocycline was protected from development of other morphological features associated with oxidative stress and the presence of immune cells in the perivascular space. These data advance the knowledge on the effect of SAH on brain tissue ultrastructure in an SAH rodent model and the neuroprotective effect of minocycline when administered in low doses.
Sensory processing sensitivity and axonal microarchitecture: identifying brain structural characteristics for behavior
Authors: David Szabolcs , Brown Lucy L. , Heemskerk Anneriet M. , Aron Elaine , Leemans Alexander , Aron Arthur
Published: September 2022

Previous research using functional MRI identified brain regions associated with sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), a proposed normal phenotype trait. To further validate SPS, to characterize it anatomically, and to test the usefulness in psychology of methodologies that assess axonal properties, the present study correlated SPS proxy questionnaire scores (adjusted for neuroticism) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures. Participants (n = 408) from the Human Connectome Project were studied. Voxelwise analysis showed that mean- and radial diffusivity correlated positively with SPS scores in the right and left subcallosal and anterior–ventral cingulum bundle, and the right forceps minor of the corpus callosum, all frontal cortex areas generally underlying emotion, motivation, and cognition. Further analyses showed correlations throughout medial frontal cortical regions in the right and left ventromedial prefrontal cortex, including the superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate, and arcuate fasciculus. Fractional anisotropy was negatively correlated with SPS scores in white matter (WM) of the right premotor/motor/somatosensory/supramarginal gyrus regions. Region of interest (ROI) analysis showed small effect sizes (− 0.165 to 0.148) in WM of the precuneus and inferior frontal gyrus. Other ROI effects were found in the dorsal-, ventral visual pathways and primary auditory cortex. The results reveal that in a large group of participants, axonal microarchitectural differences can be identified with SPS traits that are subtle and in the range of typical behavior. The results suggest that the heightened sensory processing in people who show that SPS may be influenced by the microstructure of WM in specific cortical regions. Although previous fMRI studies had identified most of these areas, the DTI results put a new focus on brain areas related to attention and cognitive flexibility, empathy, emotion, and first levels of sensory processing, as in primary auditory cortex. Psychological trait characterization may benefit from DTI methodology by identifying influential brain systems for traits.
Characteristics and outcome of patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA)
Authors: Teufel Andreas , Meindl-Beinker Nadja M. , Hösel Pauline , Gerken Michael , Roig Ana , Ebert Matthias P. , Herr Wolfgang , Scheiter Alexander , Pauer Armin , Schlitt Hans J. , Klinkhammer-Schalke Monika
Published: September 2022

Background

Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) remains a rare malignancy accounting for less than 5% of all the gastrointestinal tract cancers. However, only limited data and expert guidelines are available for this entity. As a result, treatment concepts are predominantly derived from colorectal cancer.

Methods

To substantiate data on the course of disease, diagnosis and treatment of SBA, we performed a population-based analysis from a Bavarian population of 2.2 million people.

Results

We identified 223 patients with SBA. Mean age at diagnosis was 67.8 years and patients were diagnosed rather late (34.5% UICC stage IV). Largest proportion of these patients were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the duodenum (132 patients, 59.2%) and most patients were diagnosed with late stage cancer, stage IV (70 patients, 31.4%). With respect to treatment, most patients underwent primary surgery (187 patients, 84.6%). Systemic therapy seemed to have an impact in UICC stage IV patients but not in UICC stage IIB or III. The 5-year survival rate was 29.0%. This was significantly less compared to colon cancer in the same cohort, which was 50.0%. Furthermore, median survival of patients with small bowel cancer was only 2.0 years (95% CI 1.4–2.5) compared to 4.9 years (95% CI 4.8–5.1) of patients with colon cancer.

Conclusion

SBA showed a distinct epidemiology compared to colon cancer. Thus, data acquisition particularly on systemic treatment are paramount, with the objective to complement the available guidelines.
Kalmbach measurability in D-lattices
Authors: Avallone Anna , Vitolo Paolo
Published: September 2022

We extend to D-lattices the definition of Kalmbach measurable elements with respect to an outer measure $$\mu $$
μ
. We prove, in case $$\mu $$
μ
is faithful, that Kalmbach measurable elements are central, thus generalizing a result known for orthomodular lattices.
The Humboldtian Model of Higher Education and its Significance for the European University on Responsible Consumption and Production
Authors: Bongaerts Jan C.
Published: September 2022

This contribution describes the origins and essential characteristics of the Humboldtian Model of Higher Education. It also shows how this model can be integrated into the European University on Responsible Consumption and Production (EURECA-PRO). Wilhelm von Humboldt and his team developed the innovative Humboldtian Model of Higher Education in Humboldt’s native Prussia between 1809 and 1810 in order to totally reform the education system. After founding the University of Berlin in 1810 and with the support of leading young scientists cum professors, Humboldt intended to implement this new model of tertiary education. The Humboldtian Model requires that universities govern themselves, have academic freedom, and integrate education and research. As a consequence, science is unified and all academic disciplines are present within a given university. This model also calls for university-wide interaction and for all university members to communicate such that students become integrated as researching learners and learning researchers through close co-operation with their teachers. With the emergence of the neoliberal university model in the 1990s, key elements of the Humboldtian Model have been complemented by university obligations to meet expectations from government, the business community, and society at large with regard to the usefulness and benefit of university research and educational outputs. This contribution concludes by discussing the potential of implementing the Humboldtian Model of Higher Education within EURECA-PRO.
The epidemiology of rare types of hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer from national cancer registry
Authors: Satake Tomoyuki , Morizane Chigusa , Rikitake Ryoko , Higashi Takahiro , Okusaka Takuji , Kawai Akira
Published: September 2022

Background

Information on rare hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HBP) subtypes of cancer is scarce. We aimed to elucidate the incidence and clinical features of rare tumors in Japan using the National Cancer Registry (NCR), a new nationwide integrated population-based registry.

Methods

The data of patients diagnosed in 2016–2017 were extracted from the NCR database, and classified by topography: liver cells, intrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder, extrahepatic bile duct, ampulla of Vater, and pancreas. Data were described and analyzed using the World Health Organization and General Rules tumor classifications. The incidences for all rare tumors including hepatoblastoma and adenosquamous cell carcinoma were calculated as the number of new cases divided by the corresponding total person years.

Results

The NCR data yielded 8,239 patients with rare HBP tumors between 2016 and 2017. The ratios of rare tumors to all cancer types were 0.5%, 0.7%, 3.9%, 1.6%, 0.8%, and 7.2% in the liver, intrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder, extrahepatic bile duct, ampulla of Vater, and pancreas, respectively. Rare tumors occurred more frequently in men, except for gallbladder tumors. The main tumor stage was localized in liver cells (42.4%) and the intrahepatic bile duct (51.6%); more patients were diagnosed in advanced stage with gallbladder (84.1%) and extrahepatic bile duct (74.4%) tumors. Approximately equal percentage of patients were diagnosed at designated cancer care hospitals (DCCHs) and non-DCCHs, whereas 60% to 70% patients received treatment at DCCHs.

Conclusion

This is the first report to provide comprehensive information on the epidemiological status of rare HBP tumors in Japan by utilizing population-based NCR data.
Uptake of USPSTF recommendation to refer pregnant individuals for therapy or counseling to prevent perinatal depression
Authors: Felder Jennifer N. , Mirchandaney Riya , Dimidjian Sona
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Perinatal depression is the most common complication of pregnancy and childbirth, and it is associated with adverse consequences. The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that pregnant and postpartum (i.e., perinatal) individuals at risk for depression be referred for therapy or counseling interventions; however, it is unclear to what extent this recommendation has been implemented.

Methods

Pregnant individuals were recruited via advertisements on a pregnancy app and a separate study on sleep. Respondents completed the initial screening questions to determine their risk for perinatal depression, defined as self-reported history of depression; recent stressors; history of emotional, sexual, or physical abuse; mild depressive symptoms; anxiety symptoms; single; diabetes diagnosis; or unwanted pregnancy. Eligible respondents reported their providers’ recommendations for preventing depression, and their utilization of interventions to prevent depression (n = 303).

Results

Fewer than 15% of participants reported that a provider referred them for therapy or counseling to prevent depression; recommendations included cognitive behavioral therapy (4%), interpersonal psychotherapy (2.3%), mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (4.3%), or other/unknown (6.6%). Approximately 12% reported that a provider recommended medication to prevent depression. Provider referral rates varied by risk factor, but not by patient demographics. Nearly 20% of participants reported using therapy or counseling to prevent depression, and nearly 13% reported using medication to prevent depression.

Conclusions

We explore potential factors affecting the uptake of the USPSTF recommendation and underscore the importance of preventing perinatal depression.
Artificial intelligence in medico-dental diagnostics of the face: a narrative review of opportunities and challenges
Authors: Patcas Raphael , Bornstein Michael M. , Schätzle Marc A. , Timofte Radu
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This review aims to share the current developments of artificial intelligence (AI) solutions in the field of medico-dental diagnostics of the face. The primary focus of this review is to present the applicability of artificial neural networks (ANN) to interpret medical images, together with the associated opportunities, obstacles, and ethico-legal concerns.

Material and methods

Narrative literature review.

Results

Narrative literature review.

Conclusion

Curated facial images are widely available and easily accessible and are as such particularly suitable big data for ANN training. New AI solutions have the potential to change contemporary dentistry by optimizing existing processes and enriching dental care with the introduction of new tools for assessment or treatment planning. The analyses of health-related big data may also contribute to revolutionize personalized medicine through the detection of previously unknown associations. In regard to facial images, advances in medico-dental AI-based diagnostics include software solutions for the detection and classification of pathologies, for rating attractiveness and for the prediction of age or gender. In order for an ANN to be suitable for medical diagnostics of the face, the arising challenges regarding computation and management of the software are discussed, with special emphasis on the use of non-medical big data for ANN training. The legal and ethical ramifications of feeding patients’ facial images to a neural network for diagnostic purposes are related to patient consent, data privacy, data security, liability, and intellectual property. Current ethico-legal regulation practices seem incapable of addressing all concerns and ensuring accountability.

Clinical significance

While this review confirms the many benefits derived from AI solutions used for the diagnosis of medical images, it highlights the evident lack of regulatory oversight, the urgent need to establish licensing protocols, and the imperative to investigate the moral quality of new norms set with the implementation of AI applications in medico-dental diagnostics.
Models of integrated care for young people experiencing medical emergencies related to mental illness: a realist systematic review
Authors: Otis Michaela , Barber Susan , Amet Mona , Nicholls Dasha
Published: September 2022

Mental illness heightens risk of medical emergencies, emergency hospitalisation, and readmissions. Innovations for integrated medical–psychiatric care within paediatric emergency settings may help adolescents with acute mental disorders to get well quicker and stay well enough to remain out of hospital. We assessed models of integrated acute care for adolescents experiencing medical emergencies related to mental illness (MHR). We conducted a systematic review by searching MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Embase, and Web of Science for quantitative studies within paediatric emergency medicine, internationally. We included populations aged 8–25 years. Our outcomes were length of hospital stay (LOS), emergency hospital admissions, and rehospitalisation. Limits were imposed on dates: 1990 to June 2021. We present a narrative synthesis. This study is registered on PROSPERO: 254,359. 1667 studies were screened, 22 met eligibility, comprising 39,346 patients. Emergency triage innovations reduced admissions between 4 and 16%, including multidisciplinary staffing and training for psychiatric assessment (F(3,42) = 4.6, P < 0.05, N = 682), and telepsychiatry consultations (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.28–0.58; P < 0.001, N = 597). Psychological therapies delivered in emergency departments reduced admissions 8–40%, including psychoeducation (aOR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.17–0.71, P < 0.01, N = 212), risk-reduction counselling for suicide prevention (OR = 2.78, 95% CI 0.55–14.10, N = 348), and telephone follow-up (OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.33–0.60, P < 0.001, N = 980). Innovations on acute wards reduced readmissions, including guided meal supervision for eating disorders (P = 0.27), therapeutic skills for anxiety disorders, and a dedicated psychiatric crisis unit (22.2 vs 8.5% (P = 0.008). Integrated pathway innovations reduced readmissions between 8 and 37% including family-based therapy (FBT) for eating disorders (X2(1,326) = 8.40, P = 0.004, N = 326), and risk-targeted telephone follow-up or outpatients for all mental disorders (29.5 vs. 5%, P = 0.03, N = 1316). Studies occurred in the USA, Canada, or Australia. Integrated care pathways to psychiatric consultations, psychological therapies, and multidisciplinary follow-up within emergency paediatric services prevented lengthy and repeat hospitalisation for MHR emergencies. Only six of 22 studies adjusted for illness severity and clinical history between before- and after-intervention cohorts and only one reported socio-demographic intervention effects.
p-Kähler and balanced structures on nilmanifolds with nilpotent complex structures
Authors: Sferruzza Tommaso , Tardini Nicoletta
Published: September 2022

Let (X, J) be a nilmanifold with an invariant nilpotent complex structure. We study the existence of p-Kähler structures (which include Kähler and balanced metrics) on X. More precisely, we determine an optimal p such that there are no p-Kähler structures on X. Finally, we show that, contrarily to the Kähler case, on compact complex manifolds there is no relation between the existence of balanced metrics and the degeneracy step of the Frölicher spectral sequence. More precisely, on balanced manifolds the degeneracy step can be arbitrarily large.
The protective role of iodine and MS-222 against stress response and bacterial infections during Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) transportation
Authors: Sherif Ahmed H. , Eldessouki Elsayed A. , Sabry Nader M. , Ali Nadia G.
Published: September 2022

Fish transportation is a regular farming and experimental practice that mainly results in stress conditions that may extend to induce a high mortality rate. In the present experimental simulation, Oreochromis niloticus were transported for 2 h and maintained for another 6 h in transportation containers to assess the effect of tranquilization with tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) and/or the addition of iodine on mortality rate and restoring the normal physiological functions. Experimental fish were divided into four groups: group 1 (control) was transported in farm water without MS-222 or iodine, group (2) was transported in farm water supplemented with 40 mg/L of MS-222, fish in group (3) were transported in farm water supplemented with 40 mg/L of MS-222 + 10 ppm iodine, and fish in group (4) were transported in farm water containing 10 ppm iodine. Blood samples were collected for the determination of serum cortisol and glucose, while skin mucus was collected for assaying lysozyme, peroxidase and antibacterial activity; cumulative mortality rate; and food reflexes which were assessed at 0 h, 1 h, 6 h, 48 h, 7 days and 14 days post 2 h transportation. The results indicated that fish tranquilization with MS-222 and/or treatment with iodine mitigated the stress condition associated with transportation and accelerate restoration of the normal physiological and immunological status. So, it was recommended to use the MS-222 as a tranquillizer together with iodine as an antiseptic during transportation of O. niloticus.
Clinical significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in oligometastatic breast cancer
Authors: Inoue Yuka , Fujishima Makoto , Ono Makiko , Masuda Jun , Ozaki Yukinori , Maeda Tetsuyo , Uehiro Natsue , Takahashi Yoko , Kobayashi Takayuki , Sakai Takehiko , Osako Tomo , Ueno Takayuki , Ohno Shinji
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study investigated the clinical impact of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on survival in patients with oligometastatic breast cancer.

Patients and methods

We collected data from 397 patients who underwent primary breast surgery from 2004 to 2015 and developed recurrence during the follow-up. We reviewed the images and clinical information and defined OMD according to the European Society for Medical Oncology advanced breast cancer guidelines. The NLR was calculated using pretreatment data of primary breast cancer. The cutoff value of the NLR was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve with Youden Index.

Results

Among 397 patients, 131 had OMD at recurrence. The low-NLR group included patients of significantly older age at primary cancer than those in the high-NLR group. A low NLR indicated a better overall survival (p = 0.023) after adjusting for relevant factors, including estrogen receptor status, surgical resection of metastatic disease, metastatic organ number, disease-free interval, and liver metastasis than did the high-NLR group. We developed prognostic models for OMD using six independent prognostic factors, including the NLR. The number of factors was associated with overall survival; patients with all six favorable factors showed a good overall survival of 90.9% at 8 years and those with four or more factors showed 70.4%.

Conclusions

The NLR was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in OMD. The number of favorable prognostic factors was associated with overall survival. A prognostic model, including the NLR, will help identify patients with a favorable prognosis.
Parent and Friend Relationship Quality and Links to Trajectories of Loneliness During the First Year of College
Authors: Calderon Leon Maria D. , Guassi Moreira João F. , Saragosa-Harris Natalie M. , Waizman Yael H. , Sedykin Anna , Peris Tara S. , Silvers Jennifer A.
Published: September 2022

Beginning college involves changes that can increase one’s vulnerability to loneliness and associated negative outcomes. Parent and friend relationships are potential protective factors against loneliness given their positive association with adjustment. The present longitudinal study, with data collection at baseline, 1 month, and 2 months later, assessed the comparative effects of self-reported parent and friend relationship quality on loneliness in first-year college students (N = 101; 80 female, Mage = 18.36). At baseline, parent and friend relationship quality were negatively associated with loneliness. Longitudinal data revealed that friend relationship quality interacted with time, such that its effects on loneliness attenuated over the course of 2 months. By contrast, parent relationship quality continued to predict lower loneliness 2 months post-baseline. These results highlight the importance of close relationships and suggest that targeting relationship quality could be effective in helping youth transition to college.
TOUGH3-FLAC3D: a modeling approach for parallel computing of fluid flow and geomechanics
Authors: Rinaldi Antonio P. , Rutqvist Jonny , Luu Keurfon , Blanco-Martín Laura , Hu Mengsu , Sentís Manuel L. , Eberle Leandra , Kaestli Philipp
Published: September 2022

The recent development of the TOUGH3 code allows for a faster and more reliable fluid flow simulator. At the same time, new versions of FLAC3D are released periodically, allowing for new features and faster execution. In this paper, we present the first implementation of the coupling between TOUGH3 and FLAC3Dv6/7, maintaining parallel computing capabilities for the coupled fluid flow and geomechanical codes. We compare the newly developed version with analytical solutions and with the previous approach, and provide some performance analysis on different meshes and varying the number of running processors. Finally, we present two case studies related to fault reactivation during CO2 sequestration and nuclear waste disposal. The use of parallel computing allows for meshes with a larger number of elements, and hence more detailed understanding of thermo-hydro-mechanical processes occurring at depth.