bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Boundary Layer Vertical Mixing on the Evolution of Hurricanes over Land
Authors: Zhang Feimin , Pu Zhaoxia , Wang Chenghai
Published: March 2017

After a hurricane makes landfall, its evolution is strongly influenced by its interaction with the planetary boundary layer (PBL) over land. In this study, a series of numerical experiments are performed to examine the effects of boundary layer vertical mixing on hurricane simulations over land using a research version of the NCEP Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model with three landfalling hurricane cases. It is found that vertical mixing in the PBL has a strong influence on the simulated hurricane evolution. Specifically, strong vertical mixing has a positive impact on numerical simulations of hurricanes over land, with better track, intensity, synoptic flow, and precipitation simulations. In contrast, weak vertical mixing leads to the strong hurricanes over land. Diagnoses of the thermodynamic and dynamic structures of hurricane vortices further suggest that the strong vertical mixing in the PBL could cause a decrease in the vertical wind shear and an increase in the vertical gradient of virtual potential temperature. As a consequence, these changes destroy the turbulence kinetic energy in the hurricane boundary layer and thus stabilize the hurricane boundary layer and limit its maintenance over land.
The Subaltern in Africa’s Political Space: African Political Philosophy and the Mirror of Gender
Authors: Ipadeola Abosede Priscilla
Published: March 2017

Politics is regarded in many parts of the world, especially in Africa, as a space meant exclusively for men. Therefore, women venturing into politics are made to believe that they are misfits, and the idea is anathematized and strangulated from the outset by those who are supposed to encourage the women. It is popularly believed that it is natural for men to rule over women, while it is considered abnormal and unnatural for women to rule over men. Although different societies have at one time or the other in history been ruled by queens and female warriors, at least, that is not usually seen as bizarre in societies that practice monarchical or imperial rule. In a democracy, however, a lot of people vehemently oppose the idea of a woman vying for a political office. In the case of Africa, two factors are responsible for this: the African people’s colonial experience and the bifurcation of the social sphere into public and private spaces. This has entrenched gender roles into the scheme of social reality held by the people. The people hold that certain roles must be performed by women while certain roles are exclusively for men. This culture has made it increasingly difficult to achieve parity and egalitarianism in gender relations in contemporary Africa and to achieve meaningful development in Africa. This article suggests ideological decolonization as a way out of the current predicament of the African women as the subaltern in the patriarchal and hostile political space of contemporary Africa.
Development of a test method for evaluating the crushing behaviour of unidirectional laminates
Authors: Bru Thomas , Waldenström Paul , Gutkin Renaud , Olsson Robin , Vyas Gaurav M
Published: March 2017

More fundamental test methods are needed to assist the development of physically based and truly predictive simulation tools for composite materials under crash conditions. In this paper, a unidirectional flat specimen that can be used to validate the predicted behaviour from a simulation to the physical behaviour in the experiment is developed. A systematic experimental investigation is conducted to evaluate the influence of the trigger geometry on the crushing response by selecting two trigger types and different trigger angles. For longitudinal crushing, the traditional bevel trigger leads to out-of-plane failure by splaying with a limited amount of in-plane fracture, while the proposed trigger achieves a high amount of compressive fragmentation failure. For transverse crushing, the symmetry of the proposed new trigger improves the specimen stability during the crushing process. It is also observed that the weft threads of the unidirectional fabric reinforcement used for the tests have a strong influence on the longitudinal crushing response. The boundary conditions of the test and the information on the specimen failure gleaned from video recordings and microscopic inspections are discussed in order to facilitate a future correlation with modelling results.
Listening to the Voices People Hear: Auditory Hallucinations Beyond a Diagnostic Framework
Authors: Longden Eleanor
Published: March 2017

While voice hearing (auditory verbal hallucinations) is closely allied with psychosis/schizophrenia, it is well-established that the experience is reported by individuals with nonpsychotic diagnoses, as well as those with no history of psychiatric contact. The phenomenological similarities in voice hearing within these different populations, as well as increased recognition of associations between adversity exposure and voice presence/content, have helped strengthened the contention that voice hearing may be more reliably associated with psychosocial variables per se rather than specific clinical diagnoses. Evidence is examined for understanding voice hearing as a psychological response to environmental stressors, and the implications of this for clinical practice. Consideration is also given to the impact of the International Hearing Voices Movement, an influential survivor-led initiative that promotes person-centered, nondiagnostic approaches to the voice-hearing experience.
Responses to the Publication of the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-5
Authors: Kinderman Peter , Allsopp Kate , Cooke Anne
Published: March 2017

The idea and practice of diagnosis in psychiatry has always been controversial. Controversy came to a head in the period preceding and immediately after publication of the latest version of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth edition. There was widespread international discussion and debate not only in scholarly journals but in mainstream and social media, and to the formation of International DSM Response Committee and an International Summit on Psychiatric Diagnosis. This article documents that process and outlines the issues that provoked, and continue to provoke most controversy, from the (admittedly personal) perspective of those involved. It ends with suggestions of alternatives to diagnosis, which avoid some of these problems and outlines how these are being taken forward. The next 10 years are likely to see significant change.
Clinical protocol levels are required in laboratory animal surgery when using medical devices: experiences with ureteral replacement surgery in goats
Authors: de Jonge Paul K. J. D. , Sloff Marije , Janke Heinz P. , Kortmann Barbara B. M. , de Gier Robert P. E. , Geutjes Paul J. , Oosterwijk Egbert , Feitz Wout F. J.
Published: March 2017

It is common to test medical devices in large animal studies that are or could also be used in humans. In this short report we describe the use of a ureteral J-stent for the evaluation of biodegradable tubular constructs for tissue reconstruction, and the regeneration of ureters in Saanen goats. Similarly to a previous study in pigs, the ureteral J-stent was blindly inserted until some resistance was met. During evaluation of the goats after three months, perforation of the renal cortex by the stent was observed in four out of seven animals. These results indicated that blind stent placement was not possible in goats. In four new goats, clinical protocols were followed using X-ray and iodinated contrast fluids to visualize the kidney and stent during stent placement. With this adaptation the stents were successfully placed in the kidneys of these four new goats with minimal additional effort. It is likely that other groups in other fields ran into similar problems that could have been avoided by following clinical protocols. Therefore, we would like to stress the importance of following clinical protocols when using medical devices in animals to prevent unnecessary suffering and to reduce the number of animals needed.
Recognition of Facial Expressions by Urban Internet-Addicted Left-Behind Children in China
Authors: Ge Ying , Zhong Xiaofang , Luo Wenbo
Published: March 2017

Internet addition affects facial expression recognition of individuals. However, evidences of facial expression recognition from different types of addicts are insufficient. The present study addressed the question by adopting eye-movement analytical method and focusing on the difference in facial expression recognition between internet-addicted and non-internet-addicted urban left-behind children in China. Sixty 14-year-old Chinese participants performed tasks requiring absolute recognition judgment and relative recognition judgment. The results show that the information processing mode adopted by the internet-addicted involved earlier gaze acceleration, longer fixation durations, lower fixation counts, and uniform extraction of pictorial information. The information processing mode of the non-addicted showed the opposite pattern. Moreover, recognition and processing of negative emotion pictures were relatively complex, and it was especially difficult for urban internet-addicted left-behind children to process negative emotion pictures in fine judgment and processing stage of recognition on differences as demonstrated by longer fixation duration and inadequate fixation counts.
Global finite-time regulation of robot manipulators using only position measurements
Authors: Wang Haihong , Su Yuxin
Published: March 2017

In the paper, we consider the problem of global finite-time regulation of robot manipulators with position measurements only. A simple nonlinear filter is proposed to replace the joint velocity measurements. A nonlinear proportional-derivative plus gravity compensation is constructed. Global finite-time stability is proved using Lyapunov stability theory and a geometric homogeneity technique. The benefits of the proposed control are the ease of implementation and global finite-time stability without joint velocity measurements. Simulations and experimental results are presented to verify the expected performance of the proposed approach.
Collective Self-Determination: How the Agent of Help Promotes Pride, Well-Being, and Support for Intergroup Helping
Authors: Thomas Emma F. , Amiot Catherine E. , Louis Winnifred R. , Goddard Alice
Published: March 2017

This research integrates self-determination theory and the social identity approach to investigate the notion of collective (group level) self-determination, and to test how the agent of intergroup help (helping initiated by a group representative versus group members) shapes group members’ motives and support for intergroup helping. Study 1 ( N = 432) demonstrates that collective self-determination predicts support for intergroup helping, group pride, and well-being, over and above individual-level self-determined motivation. Study 2 ( N = 216) confirmed that helping by group members was seen as more collectively self-determined than helping by a group representative, producing effects on pride, well-being, and support. Study 3 ( N = 124) explores a qualifier of these effects: People who identify more strongly with the leader who is providing the help also experience representative helping as more collectively self-determined, thereby promoting well-being, group pride, and support. Findings highlight the value of integrating self-determination theory with intergroup theories to consider collective aspects of self-determination.
Quantifying the association of chipped stone crescents with wetlands and paleoshorelines of western North America
Authors: Sanchez Gabriel M , Erlandson Jon M , Tripcevich Nicholas
Published: March 2017

In America’s Far West, chipped stone crescents dating between approximately 12,000 to 8000 cal BP are often found associated with Western Stemmed Tradition points. Crescent function is debated, but scholars have suggested that they are closely associated with wetland habitats, an association that has never been systematically investigated. Using a geographic information system-based Euclidean distance analysis, we compared a sample of 100 geolocated crescent-bearing sites in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and California with reconstructed paleoshorelines. We confirmed a strong association of crescents with wetlands—94 of the 100 sites and approximately 99% of crescents themselves were located within 10 km of reconstructed paleoshorelines. Our results provide quantitative and region-wide support for a strong association of crescents with terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene wetland habitats. The diversity of aquatic habitats crescents are associated with, along with their morphology, suggests an association with faunal rather than plant resources, possibly birds of the Pacific Flyway.
A summary of two Late Woodland Ralls phase settlements in northeastern Missouri
Authors: Herndon Richard L
Published: March 2017

Investigations associated with the recently completed Avenue of the Saints highway project resulted in the documentation of two Late Woodland Ralls phase (cal A.D. 700–900) bluff-base settlements located in the Mississippi floodplain of northeastern Missouri. This article summarizes the result of excavations at both sites. Pottery consisted mostly of crushed rock and sand-tempered jars with cord-roughened exterior surfaces. Decoration on the orifice of vessels was very common. Burlington/Keokuk chert was the primary raw material used in the production of flaked tools and is assumed to be from local sources. Hafted bifaces were rare but when present mostly belonged to the Lowe and Scallorn clusters. The Ralls inhabitants were farmers cultivating a number of different starchy seed crops but not maize. Nut resources and fish were also important contributors to their diet. Based on artifact and feature data, both Avenue of the Saints sites represent short duration occupations by relatively small groups of people.
Long-term quality of life and postthrombotic syndrome in women after an episode of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Ljungqvist Maria , Holmström Margareta , Kieler Helle , Lärfars Gerd
Published: March 2017

Objectives

To evaluate health-related quality of life after venous thromboembolism.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study, TEHS follow-up, including 1040 women with a first episode of venous thromboembolism and 994 women unexposed to venous thromboembolism. Patients were recruited from the “Thrombo Embolism Hormonal Study” (TEHS), a Swedish nation-wide case–control study on risk factors for venous thromboembolism in women 18–64 years of age. Quality of life was measured using SF-36 and VEINES-QoL/VEINES-Sym.

Results

On average there were no difference in mean SF-36 summary scales scores between exposed and unexposed women. Twenty percent of exposed women developed postthrombotic syndrome during follow-up. Women with postthrombotic syndrome had severely impaired quality of life with lower scores on all scales. Other predictors of low quality of life after venous thromboembolism were age, obesity, physical inactivity, and recurrent venous thromboembolism.

Conclusion

Long-term quality of life after venous thromboembolism in women was severely impaired among those developing postthrombotic syndrome, while quality of life in women not developing postthrombotic syndrome was similar to a control population.
Naringenin improves the healing process of thermally-induced skin damage in rats
Authors: Al-Roujayee Abdulaziz S.
Published: March 2017

Objective

To evaluate the effect of the phenolic compound naringenin on thermal burn-induced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in rats.

Methods

First degree thermal burn injuries were induced in shaved rats by 10 s immersion of the back surface in water at 90℃. Naringenin treatment (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day) was initiated 24 h following burn injury, and continued for 7 days. On treatment day 7, serum tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG)E2, caspase-3, leukotriene (LT)-B4 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB levels were quantified. Skin sample glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, and catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, were also measured.

Results

Serum inflammatory biomarkers were significantly increased in thermal-burn injured rats versus uninjured controls. Naringenin significantly inhibited the increased proinflammatory markers at day 7 of treatment. Increased TBARS levels and decreased GSH levels in wounded skin were significantly restored by naringenin treatment at day 7. SOD, catalase, GPx and GST activities were markedly inhibited in wounded skin tissues, and were significantly increased in naringenin-treated rats.

Conclusion

Naringenin treatment showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in rats with thermal burn-induced injury.
Cell-intrinsic, Bmal1-dependent Circadian Regulation of Temozolomide Sensitivity in Glioblastoma
Authors: Slat Emily A. , Sponagel Jasmin , Marpegan Luciano , Simon Tatiana , Kfoury Najla , Kim Albert , Binz Andrea , Herzog Erik D. , Rubin Joshua B.
Published: March 2017

The safety and efficacy of chemotherapeutics can vary as a function of the time of their delivery during the day. This study aimed to improve the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common brain cancer, by testing whether the efficacy of the DNA alkylator temozolomide (TMZ) varies with the time of its administration. We found cell-intrinsic, daily rhythms in both human and mouse GBM cells. Circadian time of treatment affected TMZ sensitivity of murine GBM tumor cells in vitro. The maximum TMZ-induced DNA damage response, activation of apoptosis, and growth inhibition occurred near the daily peak in expression of the core clock gene Bmal1. Deletion of Bmal1 (Arntl) abolished circadian rhythms in gene expression and TMZ-induced activation of apoptosis and growth inhibition. These data indicate that tumor cell-intrinsic circadian rhythms are common to GBM tumors and can regulate TMZ cytotoxicity. Optimization of GBM treatment by timing TMZ administration to daily rhythms should be evaluated in prospective clinical trials.
N-Acetylcysteine’s Role in Sepsis and Potential Benefit in Patients With Microcirculatory Derangements
Authors: Chertoff Jason
Published: March 2017

Objective:

To review the data surrounding the utility of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in sepsis and identify areas needed for additional research.

Data Sources:

A review of articles describing the mechanisms of action and clinical use of NAC in sepsis.

Summary of Review:

Despite many advances in critical care medicine, still as many as 50% of patients with septic shock die. Treatments thus far have focused on resuscitation and restoration of macrocirculatory targets in the early phases of sepsis, with less focus on microcirculatory dysfunction. N-acetylcysteine, due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, has been readily investigated in sepsis and has yielded largely incongruous and disappointing results. In addition to its known anti-inflammatory and antioxidative roles, one underappreciated property of NAC is its ability to vasodilate the microcirculation and improve locoregional blood flow. Some investigators have sought to capitalize on this mechanism with promising results, as evidenced by microcirculatory vasodilation, improvements in regional blood flow and oxygen delivery, and reductions in lactic acidosis, organ failure, and mortality.

Conclusion:

In addition to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, N-acetylcysteine possesses vasodilatory properties that could benefit the microcirculation in sepsis. It is imperative that we investigate these properties to uncover NAC’s full potential for benefit in sepsis.
Aggressive And Loving Men
Authors: McDowell Amy D.
Published: March 2017

This research uses Christian Hardcore punk to show how evangelical Christian men respond to changes in gender relations that threaten hegemonic masculinity through a music subculture. Drawing on interviews and participant observations of live music shows, I find that Christian Hardcore ministry involves a hybrid mix of aggressive and loving performances of manhood. Christian Hardcore punk men fortify the idea that men and women are essentially opposites through discourse and the segregation of music spaces, even as they deviate from dominant ideas of what makes a man in their strategy of openly expressing the “loving” of secular men. The mechanism for this is the interactions in concert spaces. These findings offer a conceptual move away from studying “godly” masculinity as intrinsically distinct from secular masculinity and illustrate how religious masculinities can be both hegemonic and “soft.”
Exploring the effects of graphene oxide concentration on properties and antifouling performance of PEES/GO ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Bala Saranya , Nithya D , Doraisamy Mohan
Published: March 2017

In this study, asymmetric polyphenylene-ether-ether-sulfone (PEES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes containing graphene oxide (GO) were prepared via non-solvent-induced phase separation process and N-methyl pyrrolidone was used as a solvent. The synthesis of GO was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction analysis. The morphology of the prepared GO nanosheets was observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope. The membranes prepared with increasing concentrations of GO nanosheets were characterized by attenuated total reflectance-FTIR, SEM, atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle, and UF studies. The FTIR spectra of the GO embedded membranes reveal large amounts of –OH groups present due to the existence of GO nanosheets which improved its surface hydrophilicity. The contact angle of PEES/GO membrane was significantly lower than PEES membrane. The SEM pictures showed that PEES/GO UF membranes had a sponge-like substructure with the increased porosity and pore size. An AFM topography imaging showed that roughnesses of the modified membranes were improved compared to the pristine PEES membrane. The UF studies showed that the pure water flux ( JW) and the bovine serum albumin flux ( JP) were increased with the incorporation of GO into the blend solution. For the membrane with 0.1% GO content, JW increased by 75% and JP improved twofold which correspond to the maximum values of 186 and 113 L m−2 h−1, respectively. Furthermore, the flux recovery ratio results suggested that PEES/GO membranes have better antifouling characteristics due to the changes in membrane morphology and surface hydrophilicity.
Quantifying the Sexual Afterglow: The Lingering Benefits of Sex and Their Implications for Pair-Bonded Relationships
Authors: Meltzer Andrea L. , Makhanova Anastasia , Hicks Lindsey L. , French Juliana E. , McNulty James K. , Bradbury Thomas N.
Published: March 2017

Sex presumably facilitates pair bonding, but how do partners remain pair-bonded between sexual acts? Evolutionary perspectives suggest that sexual afterglow serves this purpose. We explored how long sexual satisfaction would remain elevated following sex and predicted that stronger sexual afterglow would characterize more satisfying partnerships. We pooled the data from two independent, longitudinal studies of newlywed couples to examine these issues. Spouses reported their daily sexual activity and sexual satisfaction for 14 days and their marital satisfaction at baseline and 4 or 6 months later. Results demonstrated that sexual satisfaction remained elevated approximately 48 hr after sex, and spouses experiencing a stronger afterglow reported higher levels of marital satisfaction both at baseline and over time. We interpret these findings as evidence that sexual afterglow is a proximal cognitive mechanism through which sex promotes pair bonding.
Islamic Bond Announcement: Is There Any Effect on Returns?
Authors: Fauzi Fitriya , Foo Dani , Basyith Abdul
Published: March 2017

This article investigates the effect of Islamic debt announcement on stock returns. Using data from 80 Malaysian firms and 20 Indonesian firms, which span from 2000 to 2009, an event study analysis is employed in this study; hence, the data of the daily closing stock prices for 2 years prior and 1 year after the announcement date are required in order to calculate the abnormal return using the abnormal return benchmark (mean adjusted return, market adjusted return and market model return). The findings for the event study analysis, using three benchmarks, reveal that there is a negative and significant impact for both average abnormal returns (AAR) and cumulative average abnormal returns (CAAR) for Malaysia. In contrast to the findings for Malaysia, the impact of Islamic debt announcement, using three benchmarks, is positive and significant for both AAR and CAAR for Indonesia. The unit root test result for Malaysia indicates that the market is efficient in the context of weak form efficiency, which suggests that the price movements are unpredictable. In contrast to Malaysia, the unit root test result for Indonesia indicates that the market is inefficient in the context of weak form efficiency, which suggests that the price movements are predictable.
Understanding Web Experience and Perceived Web Enjoyment as Antecedents of Online Purchase Intention
Authors: Bedi Sarbjit Singh , Kaur Sukhwinder , Lal Amit Kumar
Published: March 2017

The main purpose of this research article is to determine web experience and perceived web enjoyment as antecedents of online purchase intention. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was followed by two-stage structural equation modelling (SEM) to fit the data in the hypothesized model. The findings of the study reported that web experience of an online consumer is formed from website visual design, website interactivity, web privacy and web ease of navigation. This study also reported that perceived web enjoyment is partially mediating the relationship between web experience and the attitude of an online consumer. This study will help marketers to understand the importance of interactive web experience for online shoppers.
For White Folks Who Teach (Music) in the Hood
Authors: Karvelis Noah J.
Published: March 2017

In this article, I aim to critically analyze theories contained within Dr. Christopher Emdin’s newest book For White Folks Who Teach in the Hood (and the Rest of Ya’ll Too!) in the context of the music classroom. To begin, I summarize Christopher Emdin’s theories of both “reality” and “pentecostal” pedagogy and then place both pedagogical approaches within the context of the music classroom. I then offer direct implications for the classroom in response to these theories as well as strategies and techniques for using Emdin’s philosophy in an effective, culturally responsive manner.
Characterization of Guideline Evidence for Off-label Medication Use in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Shoulders Bethany R. , Smithburger Pamela L. , Tchen Stephanie , Buckley Mitchell , Lat Ishaq , Kane-Gill Sandra L.
Published: March 2017

Background: Non–Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or off-label medication prescribing occurs commonly in the intensive care unit (ICU). Off-label medication use creates a concern for untoward adverse effects; however, this worry may be alleviated by supportive literature. Objective: To evaluate the evidence behind off-label medication use by determining the presence of guideline support and compare graded recommendations to an online tertiary resource, DRUGDEX. Methods: Off-label medication use was identified prospectively over 3 months in medical ICUs in 3 academic medical centers. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed and the national guideline clearinghouse website to determine the presence of guideline support. DRUGDEX was also searched for strength-of-evidence ratings to serve as a comparator. Results: A total of 287 off-label medication indication searches resulted in 44% (126/287) without identified evidence; 253 guidelines were identified for 56% (161/287) of indications. Of the published guidelines, 89% (226/253) supported the off-label indication. In the DRUGDEX comparison, 67% (97/144) of guideline gradings disagree with DRUGDEX, whereas 33% (47/144) of the gradings matched the online database. Conclusion: Because more than half of off-label medication use has the benefit of supportive guidelines recommendations and a majority of gradings are inconsistent with DRUGDEX, clinicians should consider utilizing guidelines to inform off-label medication use in the ICU. Still, there is a considerable amount of off-label medication use in the ICU that lacks supporting evidence, and use remains concerning because it may lead to inappropriate treatment and adverse events.
Impact of Acrylamide on Calcium Signaling and Cytoskeletal Filaments in Testes From F344 Rat
Authors: Recio Leslie , Friedman Marvin , Marroni Dennis , Maynor Timothy , Chepelev Nikolai L.
Published: March 2017

Acrylamide (AA) at high exposure levels is neurotoxic, induces testicular toxicity, and increases dominant lethal mutations in rats. RNA-sequencing in testes was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG), explore AA-induced pathway perturbations that could contribute to AA-induced testicular toxicity and then used to derive a benchmark dose (BMD). Male F344/DuCrl rats were administered 0.0, 0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, or 12.0 mg AA/kg bw/d in drinking water for 5, 15, or 31 days. The experimental design used exposure levels that spanned and exceeded the exposure levels used in the rat dominant lethal, 2-generation reproductive toxicology, and cancer bioassays. The time of sample collection was based on previous studies that developed gene expression–based BMD. At 12.0 mg/kg, there were 38, 33, and 65 DEG ( P value <.005; fold change >1.5) in the testes after 5, 15, or 31 days of exposure, respectively. At 31 days, there was a dose-dependent increase in the number of DEG, and at 12.0 mg/kg/d the top three functional clusters affected by AA exposure were actin filament organization, response to calcium ion, and regulation of cell proliferation. The BMD lower 95% confidence limit using DEG ranged from 1.8 to 6.8 mg/kg compared to a no-observed-adverse-effect-level of 2.0 mg/kg/d for male reproductive toxicity. These results are consistent with the known effects of AA on calcium signaling and cytoskeletal actin filaments leading to neurotoxicity and suggest that AA can cause rat dominant lethal mutations by these same mechanisms leading to impaired chromosome segregation during cell division.
Communication analysis and optimization of 3D front tracking method for multiphase flow simulations
Authors: Farooqi Muhammad Nufail , Izbassarov Daulet , Muradoğlu Metin , Unat Didem
Published: March 2017

This paper presents a scalable parallelization of an Eulerian–Lagrangian method, namely the three-dimensional front tracking method, for simulating multiphase flows. Operating on Eulerian–Lagrangian grids makes the front tracking method challenging to parallelize and optimize because different types of communication (Lagrangian–Eulerian, Eulerian–Eulerian, and Lagrangian–Lagrangian) should be managed. In this work, we optimize the data movement in both the Eulerian and Lagrangian grids and propose two different strategies for handling the Lagrangian grid shared by multiple subdomains. Moreover, we model three different types of communication emerged as a result of parallelization and implement various latency-hiding optimizations to reduce the communication overhead. Good scalability of the parallelization strategies is demonstrated on two supercomputers. A strong scaling study using 256 cores simulating 1728 interfaces or bubbles achieves 32.5x speedup. We also conduct weak scaling study on 4096 cores simulating 27,648 bubbles on a 1024×1024×2048 Eulerian grid resolution.
Analysis of quantitative relationship between laser-generated guided waves and the adhesive interface by the numerical method
Authors: Zhang Kuanshuang , Zhou Zhenggan , Ma Liyin
Published: March 2017

This research develops a guided wave technique to quantitatively characterize the adhesive interface properties of a nuclear radiation protection structure. The numerical model is established to investigate the propagation of laser-generated guided waves in a nuclear radiation protection structure that is composed of a 1045 steel sheet connected with a lead alloy (Pb-Sb-Sn) sheet by using an epoxy resin adhesive. The finite element method has been adopted to calculate the characteristics of laser-generated guided waves interaction with the adhesive interface. The propagation of structural guided waves in a single lead sheet and a multi-layered adhesive structure is analyzed and compared to explain the role of the adhesive layer. The investigation quantifies the influence of the relevant adhesive interface properties (bond thickness, Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus) on time- and frequency-domain characteristics of structural guided waves in the adhesive structure. The features of laser-generated guided waves interaction with interfacial defects are investigated to identify the discontinuity of the adhesive layer. The numerical results indicate that the characteristics of laser-generated guided waves would vary with different adhesive interface properties. Therefore, the research results would provide guidance for evaluating adhesive interface properties.
Counting and Meeting NEET Young People
Authors: Holte Bjørn Hallstein
Published: March 2017

The concept of ‘not in education, employment, or training’ (NEET) has gained wide usage in youth research over the last two decades. This article reviews the concept’s background and discusses how it is linked to population statistics. Drawing on literature within the fields of anthropology, sociology and educational research, as well as field research conducted in Norway, the article discusses how, by meeting young people categorized as NEET for interviews and participant observation, researchers can address other aspects of their lives than have been counted. Researchers who meet young people find that the concept means different things in everyday speech than in published research. The article concludes by suggesting how research based on meeting young people categorized as NEET can contribute to a body of knowledge that has mainly been produced by counting NEET young people.
Young and Recognized in Service Interaction? Re-positioning Youth and Adulthood with Performance Tactics and Strategic Laughter
Authors: Kylkilahti Eliisa , Autio Minna
Published: March 2017

Young consumers hold an iconic position in post-industrial cultures. In spite of youth idealization in consumer culture, we know little of how youth is situated in everyday interactions in service culture. In our study, we focus on age-related power structures in service encounters. We argue that customer service interaction is built on the norm of an adult order; that is, to achieve an appreciated position as a customer, young people are required to act like ‘middle-aged’ consumers. To gain recognition, young consumers use resistance tactics: They create co-performing teams together with adults and modify their own performance towards adulthood by masking signs of youth. The findings suggest that young people may also resist the dominant adult order; laughter and smiling express a strategy that re-positions adults into a less powerful position in the service environment. The study shows that young and adult categories in service interaction are constantly under re-negotiation.
Beyond the Electrocardiogram: Mutations in Cardiac Ion Channel Genes Underlie Nonarrhythmic Phenotypes
Authors: Roston Thomas M , Cunningham Taylor , Lehman Anna , Laksman Zachary W , Krahn Andrew D , Sanatani Shubhayan
Published: March 2017

Cardiac ion channelopathies are an important cause of sudden death in the young and include long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, and short QT syndrome. Genes that encode ion channels have been implicated in all of these conditions, leading to the widespread implementation of genetic testing for suspected channelopathies. Over the past half-century, researchers have also identified systemic pathologies that extend beyond the arrhythmic phenotype in patients with ion channel gene mutations, including deafness, epilepsy, cardiomyopathy, periodic paralysis, and congenital heart disease. A coexisting phenotype, such as cardiomyopathy, can influence evaluation and management. However, prior to recent molecular advances, our understanding and recognition of these overlapping phenotypes were poor. This review highlights the systemic and structural heart manifestations of the cardiac ion channelopathies, including their phenotypic spectrum and molecular basis.
Criminology, crime and criminal justice in Croatia
Authors: Getoš Kalac Anna-Maria , Bezić Reana
Published: March 2017

Criminology and in more general terms ‘crime research’ have a very long tradition in Croatia, dating back in terms of formal institutionalization as far as 1906, when the Chair for Criminal-Complementary Sciences and Sociology at the Zagreb Faculty of Law was established. Despite criminology’s long institutional tradition in Croatia, criminology as a serious and independent research discipline started rather late to take off in Croatia in a systematic manner. The article presents basic facts and figures about Croatian criminology, crime and criminal justice, providing a solid overview of the complex country situation, which is still struggling with many transitional challenges. Croatia, like many other countries in the region, does not seem to have a ‘conventional crime problem’ and does not fit the profile of a ‘high crime region’ when compared with the rest of Europe, but it struggles with corruption and organized crime, and it still has to deal with atrocious crimes from the recent past and the far-reaching consequences of war profiteering and criminal ‘privatization’.
Effects of sedentary occupations on type 2 diabetes and hypertension in different ethnic groups in North West China
Authors: Gao Ying , Xie Xiang , Wang Shu-Xia , Li Hui , Tang Han-Zhou , Zhang Jing , Yao Hua
Published: March 2017

This study investigated the effects of sedentary occupations on type 2 diabetes and hypertension in different ethnic groups in North West China. All subjects were civil servants who received health examinations in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from October 2010 to March 2014. A total of 46,612 participants (39,120 Han, 4148 Uygur, 2098 Hui, 877 Kazak and 369 other ethnicities) completed the examination. Overall, 16.4% of the Han, 14.4% of the Uygur, 15.9% of the Hui, 20.6% of the Kazak and 16.0% of other ethnicities had hypertension. Diabetes was found in 7.6% of the Han, 8.5% of the Uygur, 9.2% of the Hui, 7.4% of the Kazak, and 3.3% of other ethnicities. There was a significant difference between men and women in the prevalence of diabetes (4.3% in women vs 9.7% in men, p < 0.001) and hypertension (9.7% in women vs 21.0% in men, p < 0.001). Our results indicate that both diabetes and hypertension are highly prevalent in individuals with sedentary occupations.
Fracture of a Supera Interwoven Nitinol Stent After Treatment of Popliteal Artery Stenosis
Authors: Cambiaghi Tommaso , Spertino Andrea , Bertoglio Luca , Chiesa Roberto
Published: March 2017

Purpose: To present a Supera stent fracture following treatment of popliteal artery stenosis. Case Report: A 60-year-old man previously treated with angioplasty/stenting of a popliteal artery lesion with a Supera stent presented at 8 months with in-stent occlusion that proved to be secondary to stent fracture. Conclusion: Supera interwoven nitinol stents, despite having higher radial force and conformability than classic tube stents, are not free from fracture. Moreover, due to their peculiar structure, a break in these stents results in complete loss of integrity and consequent device collapse, thus jeopardizing endovascular recanalization and relining.
Conductive polymers for smart textile applications
Authors: Grancarić Ana M , Jerković Ivona , Koncar Vladan , Cochrane Cedric , Kelly Fern M , Soulat Damien , Legrand Xavier
Published: March 2017

Smart textiles are fabrics able to sense external conditions or stimuli, to respond and adapt behaviour to them in an intelligent way and present a challenge in several fields today such as health, sport, automotive and aerospace. Electrically conductive textiles include conductive fibres, yarns, fabrics, and final products made from them. Often they are prerequisite to functioning smart textiles, and their quality determines durability, launderability, reusability and fibrous performances of smart textiles. Important part in smart textiles development has conductive polymers which are defined as organic polymers able to conduct electricity. They combine some of the mechanical features of plastics with the electrical properties typical for metals. The most attractive in a group of these polymers are polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as one of the polythiophene (PTh) derivatives. Commercially available smart textile products where conductive polymers have crucial role for their development are medical textiles, protective clothing, touch screen displays, flexible fabric keyboards, and sensors for various areas. This paper is focused on conductive polymers description, mechanism of their conductivity, and various approaches to produce electrically conductive textiles for smart textiles needs. Commercial products of conductive polymers-based smart textiles are presented as well as the objective of a number of lab-scale items.
Incorporating Meta-Emotions in Integrative Cognitive-Affective Therapy to Treat Comorbid Bulimia Nervosa and Substance Use Disorders in a Latina American
Authors: Lui P. Priscilla
Published: March 2017

Individuals with co-occurring eating and substance use disorders have poorer psychosocial adjustment than those with only eating pathology or substance misuse patterns; these complex cases are often challenging to treat in clinical settings. Eating and substance use disorders share personality, affective, and cognitive etiologic factors, suggesting the importance and opportunities to treat them simultaneously in an integrative intervention approach. The integrative cognitive-affective therapy (ICAT) validated to treat bulimia nervosa follows an evidence-based conceptual framework; it addresses many shared risk factors that underlie eating and substance use disorders. A Latina American with comorbid bulimia nervosa, alcohol and cocaine use disorders, and bipolar I disorder was treated using ICAT; therapy was augmented with an explicit examination of, and cognitive restructuring surrounding, negative meta-emotions. ICAT and treatment around meta-emotions were delivered in the context of an intensive outpatient program. Over the course of 15 individual sessions and at 1-month follow-up, the patient reported a decrease in dietary restraint, binge eating episodes, body dissatisfaction, and negative attitudes toward obesity and alcohol and cocaine abuse, and maintained a stable weight. The patient also saw improvements in depression- and anxiety-related symptoms, and self-evaluation. This case supports the flexibility and benefits of examining meta-emotion philosophy in the context of ICAT for the treatment of co-occurring eating and substance use disorders for adults in a clinical setting.
HIV Testing Behaviors Among Latina Women Tested for HIV in Florida, 2012
Authors: Taveras Janelle , Trepka Mary Jo , Madhivanan Purnima , Gollub Erica L. , Devieux Jessy , Ibrahimou Boubakari
Published: March 2017

Introduction:

Latina women in the United States (US) are not only disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but also underuse HIV prevention services, such as HIV testing.

Method:

HIV testing events were examined to describe the HIV testing behaviors and test results among Latinas tested in 2012 at publicly funded sites in Florida, United States. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the demographic characteristics associated with reports of previous testing and positive HIV test results.

Results:

Of the 184,037 testing events, 87,569 (45.6%) were among non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs), 47,926 (26.0%) non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), 41,117 (22.3%) Latinas, 5,672 (3.1%) those with unknown race/ethnicity, and 1,753 (1.0%) other racial/ethnic groups. Compared to NHW and NHB women, Latinas testing for HIV were older (mean age = 32.1, NHW = mean age 30.3, NHB = mean age 30.0; p < .0001). Results indicated that women who reported previous HIV testing had decreased odds of being Latina (adjusted odds ratio = 0.90; 95% confidence interval [0.87, 0.94]).

Conclusion:

These findings indicate that Latinas are underusing HIV testing, and efforts are needed to increase the proportion of Latinas, especially younger Latinas, tested for HIV in Florida.
McDonaldizing Spirituality
Authors: Hyland Terry
Published: March 2017

The exponential growth of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in recent years has resulted in a marketisation and commodification of practice—popularly labeled “McMindfulness”—which divorces mindfulness from its spiritual and ethical origins in Buddhist traditions. Such commodification is criticized by utilising ideas and insights drawn from work in educational philosophy and policy analysis. The “McDonaldization” process is applied to the emerging populist versions of mindfulness and analysed in some detail, alongside the capitalization and marketisation of MBIs on the McMindfulness model. The central argument is that the crucial educational function of MBIs needs to be informed by the moral virtues which are at the heart of Buddhist mindfulness. Without such an ethical and educational foundation—actively connected with engaged Buddhist foundations aimed at individual and social transformation—mindfulness becomes just another fashionable self-help gimmick that is unlikely to be of any lasting individual or social benefit.
Leading Causes of Fatal and Nonfatal Unintentional Injury for Children and Teens and the Role of Lifestyle Clinicians
Authors: Dellinger Ann , Gilchrist Julie
Published: March 2017

About 1 in 5 child deaths is a result of unintentional injury. The leading causes of unintentional injury death vary by age. This report provides national fatal and nonfatal data for children and teens by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Prevention strategies for the most common causes are highlighted. Opportunities for lifestyle clinicians to effectively guide their patients and their parents are discussed.