bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FTIR microscopic study on biomolecular alterations in placental tissues of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: Yu Wenjie , Wang Weilin , Zhou Xiaojie , Zhong Jiajia , Xie Xincheng , Zhang Xinjuan , Tang Yuzhao , Shu Qun
Published: January 2025

This study presents the first FTIR microscopic study on placentas from intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), revealing the biomolecular alterations associated with lipid metabolism disorder, oxygen stress and apoptosis.
Three-dimensional 14-core manganese-sodium-based polyoxometalate with unique channels as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting
Authors: Gong Lige , Wang Meijia , Wang Jihua , Dong Limin , Gu Yunhao , Yang Binghe , Li Hui
Published: January 2025

Figure illustrating the excellent electrocatalytic water splitting activity for compound.
Nonfullerene acceptors with carbon–oxygen-bridged fused nonacyclic donor units enable efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Zhou Jiamo , Ruan Xinying , Zhu Yufan , Han Ziqi , Kong Jingyao , He Dan , Zhao Fuwen
Published: January 2025

In this work, two nonfullerene acceptors, namely TTPIC-Ar and iTTPIC-Ar, were synthesized by developing two new carbon–oxygen-bridged fused nonacyclic donor units. The PM6:iTTPIC-Ar-based organic solar cell shows a high efficiency of 12.80%.
Unraveling the synergistic mechanism of multimetals in Ni3Cu–Sn catalysts for selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene
Authors: Xiao Aohui , Ruan Kehang , Zhou Yuqi , Cui Hongjie , Zhou Zhiming
Published: January 2025

The degree of Cu substitution by Sn in trimetallic Ni3Cu(1−y)Sny catalysts significantly influences both the catalytic activity and selectivity in the selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene.
A multi-robot–multi-task scheduling system for autonomous chemistry laboratories
Authors: Zhou Junyi , Luo Man , Chen Linjiang , Zhu Qing , Jiang Shan , Zhang Fei , Shang Weiwei , Jiang Jun
Published: January 2025

A multi-robot–multi-task scheduling system significantly enhancing the efficiency and flexibility of autonomous chemistry laboratories.
Natural seawater-based electrolytes for zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Chuancong , Xu Zhenming , Chen Min , Nan Qing , Zhang Jie , Gao Yating , Zhao Zejun , Xing Zhenyue , Li Jing , Rao Peng , Kang Zhenye , Shi Xiaodong , Tian Xinlong
Published: January 2025

The low desolvation energy, strong adsorption energy and insertion energy of alkali metal cations in seawater reduce the activation energy barriers and facilitate the interface reaction kinetics, endowing high-performance zinc-ion batteries.
A highly stable Mn-based cathode with low crystallinity Li2MnO3 and spinel functional units for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Shiqi , Wang Yinzhong , Xiao Dongdong , Li Haifeng , Wu Tianhao , Wang Boya , Hu Guangxing , Wu Lingqiao , Wang Yulong , Wang Guoqing , Zhang Nian , Yu Haijun
Published: January 2025

A highly stable Mn-based composite-structure cathode material is constructed with the low crystallinity pre-introduced high-voltage spinel and Li2MnO3 crystal domains, realizing excellent high-voltage stability and low-strain behaviours.
Transport characterization of solid-state Li2FeS2 cathodes from a porous electrode theory perspective
Authors: Bernges Tim , Ketter Lukas , Helm Bianca , Kraft Marvin A. , See Kimberly A. , Zeier Wolfgang G.
Published: January 2025

This work investigates the cathode active material Li2FeS2 in all-solid-state batteries. Promising areal capacities can be achieved upon increasing the active material fraction and electrode thickness, but coming at the cost of rate capability.
Analytical techniques for studying cell aging in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Malik Ritu , Tomer Vijay K. , Sain Mohini
Published: January 2025

Using advanced analytical methods to study aging in lithium-sulfur batteries uncovers key degradation mechanisms, offering insights that can improve durability, safety, and overall performance.
Principles and trends in extreme fast charging lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yao Yu-Xing , Xu Lei , Yan Chong , Zhang Qiang
Published: January 2025

This perspective summarizes principles and trends in extreme fast charging lithium-ion batteries, a key enabler of the mass adoption of electric vehicles.
Non-destructive degradation pattern decoupling for early battery trajectory prediction via physics-informed learning
Authors: Tao Shengyu , Zhang Mengtian , Zhao Zixi , Li Haoyang , Ma Ruifei , Che Yunhong , Sun Xin , Su Lin , Sun Chongbo , Chen Xiangyu , Chang Heng , Zhou Shiji , Li Zepeng , Lin Hanyang , Liu Yaojun , Yu Wenjun , Xu Zhongling , Hao Han , Moura Scott , Zhang Xuan , Li Yang , Hu Xiaosong , Zhou Guangmin
Published: January 2025

The paper proposes a physics-informed model to predict battery lifetime trajectories by computing thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, saving costly data that has not been established for sustainable manufacturing, reuse, and recycling.
A review on the effects of flavan-3-ols, their metabolites, and their dietary sources on gut barrier integrity
Authors: Dobani Sara , Kirsty Pourshahidi L. , Ternan Nigel G. , McDougall Gordon J. , Pereira-Caro Gema , Bresciani Letizia , Mena Pedro , Almutairi Tahani M. , Crozier Alan , Tuohy Kieran M. , Del Rio Daniele , Gill Chris I. R.
Published: January 2025

Gut barrier integrity is of fundamental importance for human health. Effects of flavan-3-ols, their metabolites, and their dietary sources in maintaining its functionality was analysed in this review.
A novel upconversion nanoprobe-based approach for microalgae concentration determination
Authors: Wang Hong , Wei Limin , Xin Fangyun , Xia Sicheng , Yin Xiumei , Luo Xixian , Tian Ying
Published: January 2025

Polymer-free upconversion nanoprobes are adopted as reliable sensors for the quantitative determination of microalgae concentration based on the inner filter effect.
Furfuryl alcohol-assisted deep eutectic solvent-derived Fe-doped porous carbon: a robust magnetically separable catalyst for dye degradation via a Fenton-like reaction
Authors: Lan Le Ngoc , Thang Nguyen Thi Nhat , Bao Le Nhi Ngoc , Thi Nam Pham , Kumar Subodh , Cao Xuan Thang
Published: January 2025

Fe-doped porous carbons (Fe-pACs) were synthesized via pyrolysis of poly(furfuryl alcohol) in an FeCl3-based DES. Fe-pACs showed high activity for methylene blue degradation via a Fenton-like reaction under optimized conditions (pH 4.5, 2 mM H2O2).
Competitive recognition strategy based on a gold nano-hexagons microarray chip for simultaneous high-sensitivity detection of diabetic retinopathy-associated miR-21 and miR-152
Authors: Zhu Jingwen , Zong Xia , Xu Taijing , Chen Ying , Dai Xinjue , Cao Xiaowei , Lu Changhua
Published: January 2025

A SERS microarray chip was prepared to achieve the detection of DR biomarkers miR-21 and miR-152 using a competitive recognition strategy.
Recognition of α-hydroxycarboxylates by N-heterocyclic boronic acids
Authors: Chino-Cruz Jose Guadalupe , Ortega-Valdovinos Luis Ramón , Yatsimirsky Anatoly K.
Published: January 2025

α-Hydroxycarboxylates strongly bind heterocyclic boronic acids in their cationic form while fructose binds them moderately in the zwitterionic form inducing opposite turn-off and turn-on fluorescence effects respectively.
High strength and rapid self-healing daidzein-based polyhydroxyurethanes for high temperature-resistant adhesives
Authors: Liu Jie , Miao Pengcheng , Leng Xuefei , Li Yidi , Wang Wei , Li Yang
Published: January 2025

Polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) are considered a sustainable and safer alternative to traditional toxic isocyanate-based polyurethanes (PUs).
An eco-friendly adhesive with ultra-strong adhesive performance
Authors: Yang Zhenyu , Ji Xiaoting , Sha Xin-long , Ding Jincheng , Cheng Lin , Li Guangfeng
Published: January 2025

A closed-loop recyclable, bio-based, solvent-free adhesive (CBA) with excellent bonding performance is developed.
Constructing less-conjugated olefins via unusual regioselective hydrogen atom transfer from acetals
Authors: Wang Zhaoshan , Liu Huiying , Liu Tiantian , Wang Qixiang , Wei Youhao , Bao Xiaoguang , Wu Xinxin
Published: January 2025

By virtue of the regioselective hydrogen atom transfer (RHAT) strategy, triple HAT processes and concomitant C–O homolysis produce less-conjugated olefins.
Photodegradation reveals that singlet energy transfer impedes energy-gradient-driven singlet fission in polyacene blends
Authors: Stuart Alexandra N. , de la Perrelle Jessica M. , Huang David M. , Kee Tak W.
Published: January 2025

Employing an energy gradient between singlet-fission chromophores with different triplet energies to assist triplet-exciton separation can instead hinder singlet fission if singlet energy transfer outcompetes triplet energy transfer.
Cyanobacterial green chemistry: a blue-green approach for a sustainable environment, energy, and chemical production
Authors: Pandey Priyul , Pandey Deepa , Gupta Anjali , Gupta Rinkesh , Tiwari Sapna , Singh Shailendra Pratap
Published: January 2025

Increased human activity due to the ever-increasing global population has necessitated the urgent need for a sustainable environment, food, and energy.
In situ Raman study on the impact of configurational entropy on catalytic activity for industrial water oxidation
Authors: Duan Chenyang , Zhang Hao , Hu Zhiwei , Li Zhenya , Bian Wenjie , Jing Chao , Wang Jian-Qiang , Zhang Linjuan
Published: January 2025

High configurational entropy promotes the formation of high-valence metal sites, leading to the enhancement of the oxygen evolution reaction activity of catalysts.
Single enantiomer chiral fullerenes enable interfacial toughening of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Shi Wenda , Wang Xin , Jiang Ying , Zhang Mengyao , Du Sihan , Zhuang Qiang , Hou Xueyan , Du Yuzhang , Xing Ruizhe , Liang Jin , Yu Zhen , Ren Kailiang , Zhao Xiaoming , Dennis T. John S. , Sun Xiangnan , Fuchter Matthew J. , Kong Jie
Published: January 2025

High performance perovskite solar cell (PSC) technologies use electron transport layers (ETLs) to boost device performance. Here we show that single enantiomer chiral fullerene ETLs significantly enhanced thermal and operational stability of PSCs.
A virus-inspired RNA mimicry approach for effective cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Jang Iksoo , Yum Kyuha , Han Sangwoo , Moon Sunghyun , Lee Jong Bum
Published: January 2025

Novel cancer therapy using uridine-rich nanoparticles (UNPs) to mimic viral RNA, activating RIG-I-like receptors in cancer cells to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
Single-atom nanozyme-based catalytic ROS clearance for efficiently alleviating eczema
Authors: Wan Zhen , Zhe Yadong , Li Jiarong , Liu Qingshan , Ding Danqi , Zhang Shaofang , Liu Shuangjie , Wang Hao , Yang Jiang , Sun Xin , Qiao Huanhuan , Mu Xiaoyu
Published: January 2025

A RuN4 single-atom nanozyme was synthesized and it exhibited multi-enzymatic activities, which effectively alleviated eczema symptoms by ROS clearance.
Unveiling the microscopic origins and thermoelectric performance of full-Heusler compounds K2RbSb and Rb2KSb
Authors: Liu Peipei , Zhao Yinchang , Ni Jun , Dai Zhenhong
Published: January 2025

The strong anharmonicity of alkali metal atoms result in extremely low lattice thermal conductivity (κL) for these compounds. These findings reveal the importance of chemical bonding in achieving ultra-low κL and excellent TE performance.
A dual-color ultraviolet-visible photodetector based on a Cu2O/GaN heterojunction: high responsivity, fast response, and high spectral selectivity
Authors: Wu Chunmei , Wang Yong , Cong Lujia , Li Yongcun
Published: January 2025

The Cu2O/GaN heterojunction UV-visible dual-wavelength photodetector was synthesized via electrochemical deposition, exhibiting high responsivity and fast response speed.
Highly sensitive flexible humidity sensor with fast response and recovery time based on the composite of graphene oxide and WS2 for detection of human breath and fingertip proximity
Authors: Wang Gaohan , Gao Qiang , Ke Ningfeng , Si Fangcheng , Wang Jiayu , Ding Jie , Zhang Wendong , Fan Xuge
Published: January 2025

Humidity sensors have been widely used for humidity monitoring in daily life, agriculture, etc. This paper reports flexible humidity sensors based on graphene oxide (GO)/WS2 hybrid nanostructures, which were made...
Gender Imbalance in Citation Practices in Communication Sciences and Disorders Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Meier Erin L. , Kajfez Sophie , Zaman Camille , Haskell Grace , Ugent Leanna , Wei Gengchen , Sheppard Shannon M.
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

Despite recent advances, gender inequality remains a major concern within the workforce. One manifestation of gender inequality in academia is the undercitation of women-authored compared to men-authored papers that is thought to reflect implicit biases and has important implications for the academic advancement for research-intensive female faculty. These studies largely stem from male-dominant professions. Thus, in this study, we investigated gendered citation practices within communication sciences and disorders (CSD), a female-dominant discipline. We also examined the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic as an exogenous driver of short-term change in publication and citation practices in CSD.

Method:

Using methods from Dworkin et al. (2020), we characterized expected versus actual man first/man last–authored (MM), man first/woman last–authored (MW), woman first/man last–authored (WM), and woman first/woman last–authored (WW) articles published within a 24-year time span in the four American Speech-Language-Hearing Association journals. We compared gendered publication and citation practices in the 10 years before (2010–2019) to during (August 2020–November 2022) the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:

Across journals, we found WW publications increased while MM publications decreased from 1998 to 2022. We found a pattern of overcitation of WW papers and undercitation of MM papers, which was driven primarily by the citation practices of WM and WW teams. These citation trends were found for the years before and during the pandemic and remained when controlling for relevant paper characteristics and author and paper network variables.

Conclusions:

Consistent with our predictions, we found gender-based citation imbalances that aligned with the gender distributions of CSD, like other fields. The findings align with the notion of homophily (i.e., like attracts like). We review the findings within the context of citation research from other fields as well as discuss the larger implications of these patterns for professional practices in CSD.
Continuous monitoring of partial discharge activities in power cables and their stimulation due to the temperature rise
Authors: Stanescu Denis , Nastasiu Dragos , Digulescu Angela , Ioana Cornel , Despina‐Stoian Cristina
Published: January 2025

With the development of the power distribution systems demands, the grid reliability becomes a strategic issue. Continuous monitoring of power transmission networks is a key component in addressing this issue. Partial discharge (PD) characterisation instruments provide a reliable solution and an important indicator of the state of cable insulation. An increase in the PD level usually indicates the development of a fault that affects the integrity of the cable and can lead to various problems related to the quality and quantity of the transmitted energy. In this context, the use of Internet of Things (IoT) systems for power networks monitoring can provide a significant improvement to the localisation and detection of faults. In this paper, the authors show the advantages of continuous monitoring of power grid cables using a new IoT based framework using an advanced signal processing technique, namely the phase diagram. Also, the authors show that variations in temperature can impact the initiation and progression of PD, affecting the reliability and lifespan of electrical insulation systems. Understanding this temperature dependence is crucial for accurate PD detection and effective maintenance of power cables. Our results show that higher temperatures can accelerate the PD activity, while lower temperatures may suppress it.
Debris disks around M dwarfs: The Herschel DEBRIS survey
Authors: Lestrade J.-F. , Matthews B. C. , Kennedy G. M. , Sibthorpe B. , Wyatt M. C. , Booth M. , Greaves J. S. , Duchêne G. , Moro-Martín A. , Jobic C.
Published: January 2025

The Herschel open-time key program Disc Emission via a Bias-free Reconnaissance in the Infrared and Sub-millimeter (DEBRIS) is an unbiased survey of the nearest ∼100 stars for each stellar type A-M observed with a uniform photometric sensitivity to search for cold debris disks around them. The analysis of the Photoconductor Array Camera and Spectrometer photometric observations of the 94 DEBRIS M dwarfs of this program is presented in this paper, following upon two companion papers on the DEBRIS A-star and FGK-star subsamples. In the M-dwarf subsample, two debris disks have been detected, around the M3V dwarf GJ 581 and the M4V dwarf Fomalhaut C (LP 876-10). This result gives a disk detection rate of 2.1−0.7+ 2.7% at the 68% confidence level, significantly less than measured for earlier stellar types in the DEBRIS program. However, we show that the survey of the DEBRIS M-dwarf subsample is about ten times shallower than the surveys of the DEBRIS FGK subsamples when studied in the physical parameter space of the disk’s fractional dust luminosity versus blackbody radius. Furthermore, had the DEBRIS K-star subsample been observed at the same shallower depth in this parameter space, its measured disk detection rate would have been statistically consistent with the one found for the M-dwarf subsample. Hence, the incidence of debris disks does not appear to drop from the K subsample to the M subsample of the DEBRIS program, when considering disks in the same region of physical parameter space. An alternative explanation is that the only two bright disks discovered in the M-dwarf subsample would not, in fact, be statistically representative of the whole population.
The changing-look AGN SDSS J101152.98+544206.4 is returning to a type I state
Authors: Lyu Bing , Wu Xue-Bing , Pang Yuxuan , Wang Huimei , Zhu Rui , Fu Yuming , Wu Qingwen , Yan Zhen , Yu Wenfei , Liu Hao , Kang Shi-Ju , Jin Junjie , Yang Jinyi , Wang Feige
Published: January 2025

Aims. We discovered that the changing-look active galactic nucleus (CLAGN) SDSS J101152.98+544206.4 (J1011+5442 for short) gradually returns to the type I state after a short period between 2014 and 2019 in the faint type 1.9 state.

Methods. Motivated by the rebrightening in the optical and mid-infrared light curves from ZTF and WISE, we obtained new spectroscopic observations with the Xinglong 2.16 m, the Lijiang 2.4 m, and the MMT 6.5 m optical telescopes in 2024.

Results. After changing its optical AGN type from 1 to 1.9 between 2003 and 2015 according to the repeat spectroscopy from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey, J1011+5442 returned to its type I state in 2024. We detect the significant and very broad Hβ lines (full width at half maximum of ≳5000 km/s) based on the new spectra, which suggests that J1011+5442 was in the intermediate state between the dim state in 2015 and the bright state in 2003. The long-term optical and mid-infrared light curves also show a brightening trend between 2019 and 2024 as the broad Hβ line appeared. The time lag of about 100 days between the mid-infrared and optical variability is consistent with the prediction of dust reverberation mapping.

Conclusions. The behavior of the photometric and spectroscopic observations of J1011+5442 is consistent with the argument that the repeating changing-look phenomenon is regulated by the variation in the accretion rate.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the ultraviolet extinction bump at the cosmic dawn
Authors: Lin Qi , Yang Xuejuan , Li Aigen , Witstok Joris
Published: January 2025

Context. First detected in 1965, the mysterious ultraviolet (UV) extinction bump at 2175 Å is the most prominent spectroscopic feature superimposed on the interstellar extinction curve. Its carrier has remained unidentified over the six decades since its first detection, although many candidate materials have been proposed.

Aims. Widely seen in the interstellar medium of the Milky Way as well as several nearby galaxies, this bump was recently also detected by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) at the cosmic dawn in JADES-GS-z6-0, a distant galaxy at redshift z ≈ 6.71, corresponding to a cosmic age of just 800 million years after the big bang. Differing from that of the known Galactic and extragalactic interstellar sightlines, which always peak at ~2175 Å, the bump seen at z ≈ 6.71 peaks at an appreciably longer wavelength of ~2263 Å and is the narrowest among all known Galactic and extragalactic extinction bumps.

Methods. Here we show that the combined electronic absorption spectra quantum chemically computed for a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules closely reproduce the bump detected by JWST in JADES-GS-z6-0.

Results. This suggests that PAH molecules had already been pervasive in the Universe at an epoch when asymptotic giant branch stars had not yet evolved to make dust.
Direct high-resolution observation of feedback and chemical enrichment in the circumgalactic medium at redshift z ∼ 2.8
Authors: Peng B. , Arrigoni Battaia F. , Vishwas A. , Li M. , Iani E. , Sun F. , Li Q. , Ferkinhoff C. , Stacey G. , Cai Z. , Ivison R.
Published: January 2025

Context. The circumgalactic medium (CGM) plays a vital role in galaxy evolution, however, studying the emission from CGM is challenging due to its low surface brightness and the complexities involved in interpreting resonant lines such as Lyman-alpha (Lyα).

Aims. The near-infrared coverage, unprecedented sensitivity, and high spatial resolution of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) enable us to study the optical strong lines associated with the extended Lyα “nebulae” at redshifts of 2−3. These lines serve as diagnostic tools to infer the physical conditions in the massive CGM gas reservoir of these systems.

Methods. In deep medium-band images taken by the JWST, we serendipitously discovered the [O III] emission from the CGM surrounding a massive interacting galaxy system at a redshift of z ∼ 2.8, known to be embedded in a bright extended (100 kpc) Lyα “nebula”.

Results. This is the first time that the [O III] lines have been detected from a Lyα “nebula”. The JWST images reveal that the CGM gas actually resides in narrow (∼2.5 kpc) filamentary structures with strong [O III] emission, tracing the same extent as the Lyα emission. An analysis of the [O III] suggests that the emitting CGM is fully ionized and is energetically dominated by mechanical heating. We also find that the inferred density and pressure are higher than those commonly predicted by simulations of the CGM.

Conclusions. We conclude that the observed CGM emission originates from the gas expelled by the episodic feedback processes, cooling down and enriching the CGM, while traveling a distance of at least 60 kpc. These observations demonstrate how intensive feedback processes shape gas distribution and properties in the CGM around massive halos. While access to such deep, high-resolution imaging opens up a new discovery space for investigating the CGM, it also challenges numerical simulations with respect to explaining and reproducing the exquisitely complex structures revealed by the observations.
A Be star that turned bright and blue during a major outburst
Authors: Gao Qing , Wang Wei , Baade Dietrich , Liu Jifeng , Rivinius Thomas , Arcos Catalina , de Almeida Elisson S. G. , Yuan Hailong , Bai Yu , Jankov Slobodan , Hadjara Massinissa , Bai Zhongrui , Zhang Haotong , de Amorim Tajan H. , Wu Yue , Townsend Richard H. D. , Carciofi Alex C. , Németh Péter , Curé Michel
Published: January 2025

Context. Classical Be stars are rapidly rotating B-type stars exhibiting Balmer emission lines originating from circumstellar Keplerian gaseous disks, which likely form through episodic mass-ejection events. The currently favored model for Be star disks is the viscous decretion disk (VDD) model. However, the mechanism behind the mass ejection process during the formation of a VDD is a mystery.

Aims. We present peculiar behavior of the Be star KIC 9715425, which exhibited several minor outbursts (MIBs) and one major outburst (MAB) observed as brightenings in broadband photometry, as well as transient Hα line emission. The variability may provide valuable keys to understanding the nature of Be outbursts.

Methods. Based on Kepler, the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite time-series photometry, the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope spectroscopy, multi-wavelength observations in the near-ultraviolet (NUV) from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) and optical from Gaia, Xinglong 2.16 m telescope and Isaac Newton Telescope of KIC 9715425 covering its outbursts, we determined fundamental parameters of the central star and the circumstellar disk. A frequency analysis and spectral modeling were carried out to characterize the events.

Results. During the major outburst, we find a 36% flux increase in the GALEX NUV band compared to 25% in the Kepler band, suggesting that whatever produced the flux increase should be hotter than the central B-type star. This is contradictory to the conventional scenario that the VDD should be cooler. In addition, such a high flux increase can only be accounted for by a luminous disk, which should produce a much stronger Hα emission than observed. The origin of this anomalously hot component remains unexplained.

Conclusions. Except for the bluing, the available observations of KIC 9715425 are perfectly compatible with being a normal Be star. If the bluing was physically related to the MAB, the most economical effort to identify the nature of the underlying process could be adaptive NUV and far-ultraviolet monitoring of Be stars with cyclically repeating MABs.
The coexistence of the streaming instability and the vertical shear instability in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Schäfer Urs , Johansen Anders , Flock Mario
Published: January 2025

The vertical shear instability and the streaming instability are two robust sources of turbulence in protoplanetary disks. The former has been found to induce anisotropic turbulence that is stronger in the vertical than in the radial dimension and to be overall stronger compared to the largely isotropic turbulence caused by the streaming instability. In this study, we shed light on the dust diffusion by the vertical shear instability and the streaming instability separately and together, and in particular on the direction- and scale-dependence of the diffusion. To this end, we employ two-dimensional global models of the two instabilities either in isolation or in combination. The vertical shear instability in isolation diffuses dust more strongly in the vertical direction than the streaming instability in isolation, resulting in a wave-shaped dust layer in our two-dimensional simulations. Compared with this large-scale diffusion, though, our study highlights that the vertical shear instability causes substantially weaker or even negligible small-scale diffusion. We validate this result using previously published three-dimensional simulations. In particular when simulating centimetre-sized dust, the undulating dust layer becomes internally razor-thin. In contrast, the diffusion owing to the streaming instability exhibits only a marginal scaledependence, with the dust layer possessing a Gaussian shape. In models including both instabilities, the undulating mid-plane layer is broadened to a width set by the intrinsic diffusion level caused by the streaming instability.
Performance Evaluation of Turbulence Models and Ventilation Strategies in 2D and 3D Simulations: A Comparative Study
Authors: Zhao Chuhan , Morsli Souad , El Ganaoui Mohammed
Published: January 2025

Recent studies have examined the performance of various turbulence models and ventilation strategies through both 2D and 3D simulations. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of turbulence models, such as k-epsilon and k-omega, in simulating airflow and CO2 distribution under different ventilation conditions. Additionally, the study compares ventilation strategies—including natural, mechanical, and mixed ventilation to assess their impact on energy consumption and indoor air quality. The results indicate that 3D simulations provide a more accurate representation of airflow and CO2 distribution, which is essential for designing effective ventilation systems. While 2D simulations yield faster results and lower computational costs, they often lack the detail necessary for capturing complex flow dynamics. Among the strategies evaluated, mixed ventilation was found to offer the best balance between energy efficiency and air quality, making it the optimal choice for sustainable building design.
Accidents in railway transportation: Lessons learned from Thailand and France
Authors: Sripathomswat Kanokporn , Promkamol Lattapon , Romruen Worachon , Arthaud Quentin , Drouin Alban
Published: January 2025

Thailand’s railway network spans over 4,000 kilometres, comprising five lines that extend across all regions of the country. This research focuses on applying hazard management techniques, particularly in establishing accident frequency and severity indices to evaluate accident data at railway crossings in Thailand. Utilizing accident data from the Department of Rail Transport’s open database (2017-2022), the study aims to identify the most dangerous railway locations in Thailand. To enhance the analysis, geographic information system (GIS) methodologies are employed to visualize accessibility data and identify disparities across different train lines. In a complementary part of the study, French railway incident data are analysed. Security incidents, sourced from the open data of SNCF France and provided by the Établissement Public de Sécurité Ferroviaire (EPSF), are visualized. The research highlights differences in incident severity between the two countries. By comparing these two contexts, the study offers insights into how to restore public confidence in the railway transportation system, emphasizing the importance of tailored hazard management approaches.
Preparation and identification novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptides derived from fish waste
Authors: Pakdee Awadsaya , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Wonganu Benjamaporn
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the research is to compare short peptides from different hydrolysates of fish entrails that can inhibit the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Fish hydrolysates derived from Catfish, Tilapia, and Mackerel entrails were digested by pepsin and passed through the 3kDa cutoff column. The fraction containing peptides shorter than and equal to 3kDa from catfish hydrolysate has the great ability to inhibit ACE activity in converting the substrate (Furanacroloy-Phe-Gly-Gly, FAPGG) and producing FAP and GG as the products of the reaction. The 3kDa filtrate from the catfish hydrolysate had activity like Captopril, a drug for treating hypertension. The 3kDa filtrate derived from the catfish entrail hydrolysate was purified using OFFGEL electrophoresis and then passed through the C18 column. The 3kDa filtrate was separated into two fractions and then these fractions were determined ACE inhibitory activity. The result showed that the fractions containing hydrophilic peptides and others containing hydrophobic peptides possessed inhibitory activity against ACE. Those fractions were analyzed with LCMS/MS for sequencing. The results revealed that synthesized peptides; ASNLHGV, LFKDLR, PGYALQR, and LETAKSR, derived from the catfish hydrolysate showed anti-ACE activity against its substrate.
Small peptides from non-edible fish waste with antimicrobial activity
Authors: Wonganu Benjamaporn , Roytrakul Sittiruk
Published: January 2025

Intestine and gill have remained as by-products in fish processing. They can be used to produce various value-added products such as bioactive peptides. This research produced low molecular weight antimicrobial peptides from Tuna protein hydrolysates which were hydrolyzed via pepsin. The protein hydrolysate was passed through a 3kDa cut-off column. The fraction containing ≤ 3 kDa peptides from Tuna hydrolysate had the great ability to inhibit the growth rate of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311. The results of antimicrobial activity tests showed that low molecular weight peptides from both intestines and gills affect bacterial growth like a result of the ampicillin test. OFFGEL electrophoresis and C18 column were done to purify peptides following hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties and the isoelectric point (pI). The result revealed that 11.15 mg/mL of hydrophobic peptide hydrolysate from intestines in pH during 3-10and 11.94 mg/mL of hydrophobic peptide hydrolysate from gill in pH 8-10 were able to inhibit the bacterial growths. 8 Peptide sequences from LCMS/MS were synthesized [GGLGVGGY; GLSGWAS; GAQEGSY; ALMAISL; LYMGLAVPL; VILLVAPAS; GGQSTDY; AFSGVEA]. The results revealed that synthesized peptides; GGLGVGGY GLSGWAS have a great 50% inhibitory activity against S. typhimurium ATCC 13311
Evaluation of antimicrobial short sequence peptides derived from mackerel gill and intestine against gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Wonganu Benjamaporn , Paenthong Mathaphon , Roytrakul Sittiruk
Published: January 2025

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptides that play a crucial role in growth inhibiting of pathogenic microorganisms in many organisms including humans. Therefore, the study of those peptides is interesting in the applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. This research focuses on mackerel gills and intestines, which are low-value but protein-rich wastes from processing of mackerel. These wastes can be hydrolyzed to protein hydrolysate, which might contain several amino acids and bioactive peptides. From the previous results, the protein hydrolysate derived from mackerel gills and intestines wastes had inhibited the growth of gram-negative bacteria, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhimurium. The objective of this research is to analyze and identify inhibitory mechanisms on the growth of salmonella when it was treated with small peptides by using Venn diagram and STITCH database. The obtained small peptides might affect the growth inhibitory activities, anticancer activity, gyrase activity, and anti-angiotensin activity. To increase antimicrobial activity of peptides, especially against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, the model of peptides created from Pepwheel help predict for containing higher hydrophobicity and more symmetry in the helix structure might provide better antibacterial activity of the peptides.
Technologies for the reuse of demolition waste in the production of geopolymer-based building materials: prospects and opportunities
Authors: D'Angelo Gigliola
Published: January 2025

In a climate change scenario that is increasingly affecting our daily lives, it is essential to rethink the reuse of existing resources and avoid the exploitation of raw materials. If we consider the stock of existing buildings in Italy, we cannot ignore the fact that most of them are in a state of decay or in need of major maintenance; the recovery or demolition of these buildings generates a considerable amount of waste that has a negative impact on the environment, from transport to disposal. A sustainable design approach can achieve interesting results in terms of economic, environmental and social impact. Starting from the final phase of the life cycle of buildings, this paper aims to show the possibilities of recovering traditional building materials such as cement, brick and tuff. The use of innovative production technologies will allow the reintroduction of these materials to the market, with consequent benefits in all aspects of the ‘sustainability triad'. The aim of the work is to identify a practical, easy-to-use process for the production of eco-sustainable materials that, while retaining their intrinsic chemical-mineralogical characteristics, can be easily used in the context of the existing built heritage thanks to the compatibility between these new materials and the pre-existing substrate. The innovative results obtained as part of an international research project show how the use of demolition waste for the composition of geopolymer mixtures allows the reuse of large percentages of construction waste, while guaranteeing the mechanical performance of materials produced with traditional techniques, which have a high level of emissions; the production of geopolymers allows an 80% reduction in emissions compared to the production of Portland cement. The paper is intended to serve as a starting point for further in-depth application of the mixtures produced and to provide reflections and future research directions.
Influence of the downstream blade sweep on cross-flow turbine performance
Authors: Snortland A. , Hunt A. , Williams O. , Polagye B.
Published: January 2025

Cross-flow turbine (known as vertical-axis wind turbines or “VAWTs” in wind) blades encounter a relatively undisturbed inflow for the first half of each rotational cycle (“upstream sweep”) and then pass through their own wake for the latter half (“downstream sweep”). While most research on cross-flow turbine optimization focuses on the power-generating upstream sweep, we use single-bladed turbine experiments to show that the downstream sweep strongly affects time-averaged performance. We find that power generation from the upstream sweep continues to increase beyond the optimal tip-speed ratio. In contrast, the downstream sweep consumes power beyond the optimal tip-speed ratio due to unfavorable lift and drag directions relative to rotation and a potentially detrimental pitching moment arising from rotation-induced virtual camber. Downstream power degradation increases faster than upstream power generation, such that downstream sweep performance determines the optimal tip-speed ratio. In addition to performance measurements, particle image velocimetry data are obtained inside the turbine swept area at three tip-speed ratios. This illuminates the mechanisms underpinning the observed performance degradation in the downstream sweep and motivates an analytical model for a limiting case with high induction. Performance results are shown to be consistent across 55 unique combinations of chord-to-radius ratio, preset pitch angle, and Reynolds number, underscoring the general significance of the downstream sweep.
A comprehensive study on the sandwich stacking structures of antiferroelectric/ferroelectric doped hafnium oxide
Authors: Yang Yuzhe , Xu Wenjia , Huang Dapeng , Shao Minghao , Guo Yida , Zhao Lianbo , Hou Jue , Han Hongyan , Wu Yongqin , Liu Houfang , Yang Yi , Ren Tian-Ling
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the combinations of sandwich stacking structures of antiferroelectric/ferroelectric doped hafnium oxide are systematically explored. The sandwich stacking ferroelectric capacitors with the optimal structure (2 nm ferroelectric HZO/4 nm antiferroelectric HZO/2 nm ferroelectric HZO) exhibit high remanent polarization (2Pr = 48 μC/cm2), low coercive field (1.15 MV/cm), and excellent retention ability (8% degraded Pr after 105 s) at a low operating voltage of 1.8 V. The endurance of this structure has also been enhanced to over 1010 cycles, compared with the control group of 8 nm ferroelectric HZO (∼109 cycles). This study provides a promising solution for the application of the embedded FeRAM and advanced silicon technology nodes with low-power consumption.
Efficient optical trapping force tuning for cusp-catastrophe autofocusing beams using deep neural networks
Authors: Lu Xiaofang , Zhang Peiyu , Wu Haixia , Yu Jiahao , Chen Ping , Zou Bingsuo , Hong Peilong , Ren Yu-Xuan , Liang Yi
Published: January 2025

Structured light adjusts optical trapping forces through flexible structure design. However, it is challenging to evaluate optical forces on microscopic particles in structured light due to high computational hardware requirements, prolonged computation times, and data inefficiencies associated with solving optical trapping forces using generalized Lorenz–Mie theory. We propose the use of deep neural networks for predicting and tuning the optical trapping force of cusp-catastrophe autofocusing beams on Mie particles. Inputs include beam's structural parameters, laser power, and the size of captured particle, while the output is the optical trapping force. Following iterative training, the neural network achieved a mean square error of 1.5×10−5. Evaluation using 150 sets of test data revealed that 95.3% of the predictions had a relative error of less than 1.8%, indicating a high prediction accuracy. In contrast to traditional computational methods, the neural network model demonstrates a remarkable efficiency improvement—104 times faster in optimizing beams for optical trapping. This advancement demonstrates the advantage of deep learning neural networks for the application of structured light including autofocusing beams in optical tweezers.
The propagation laws of hydraulic fractures under the influence of natural fracture zones
Authors: Hu Yongquan , Wang Yufeng , Wang Qiang , Zhao Jinzhou , Zhu Juhui , Li Xiaowei , Yang Yu
Published: January 2025

This paper uses the finite-discrete element method (FDEM) to establish a fluid–solid coupling model for the propagation of multi-cluster hydraulic fractures. The validity of the proposed model is verified using the analytical solution and onsite microseismic data. The results show that with the approach angle increases, the propagation of hydraulic fracture transitions from a single capture mode to the mixed modes of capture, crossing and blocking. The total length of hydraulic fractures is negatively correlated with the approach angle and cohesion of natural fracture, and positively correlated with the distribution density and bandwidth of natural fracture. The length of shear fractures initially increases and then decreases with the increase in approach angle, showing negatively, positively, and positively correlated with cohesion, length, and bandwidth, respectively, while the trend of tensile fracture length is opposite to it. The tortuosity of hydraulic fractures (which is used to characterize the complexity of fracture morphology) initially decreases and then increases with the increase in the approach angle, negatively correlated with the cohesion of natural fracture, and positively correlated with the distribution density and bandwidth of natural fractures. Comparatively, the fracture propagation morphology is the most complex at the approach angle of 45°, which is more conducive to full reservoir enhancement. Conversely, under conditions of high cohesion, narrow width, and low-density distribution of natural fractures, the fracture morphology is relatively simple, all of which are unfavorable for reservoir enhancement in the target segment.
Analytical modeling of wind-turbine wakes behind an abrupt rough-to-smooth surface roughness transition
Authors: Zhu Jingshan , Du Bowen , Ge Mingwei , Xu Chang
Published: January 2025

Numerous wind farms are planned and built in the coastal or forest-to-grassland transition areas with abrupt rough-to-smooth surface roughness change. Behind the abrupt change, the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) undergoes a complex transition process which brings big challenges to the canonical wake models of wind turbines. To this end, we employ large eddy simulation (LES) to investigate the development of the ABL and the evolution of wind-turbine wakes at different positions under roughness abruption from rough to smooth, and propose a novel analytical wake model. Due to the abrupt change of surface roughness, pressure gradient forms around the abruption and the internal boundary layer (IBL) develops downstream. The wind turbine near the abruption point is influenced by the pressure gradient, resulting in smaller wake width, while those situated within the IBL are significantly affected by the flow transition, resulting in systematic differences in wake recovery. To explicitly account for the flow transition in the wake model, we introduce an equivalent additional thrust to represent the momentum contribution caused by both background velocity and Reynolds stress. A detailed budget analysis is then conducted around the wind turbine and shows that the equivalent additional thrust is highly correlated with the streamwise turbulence intensity. Finally, a new wake model under roughness abruption is developed and compared with the LES data. Results show that the proposed model demonstrates superior performance over the existing models.
Two-phase choked flow of trans critical carbon dioxide at the micro scale
Authors: Niazi Soroush , Peles Yoav
Published: January 2025

An experimental study about two-phase carbon dioxide (CO2) choking flow inside parallel microchannels with hydraulic diameters of 66.6 μm is conducted. Trans critical CO2 with a reduced pressure ranging from 0.9 to 1.1 (i.e., from 6.5 to 8 MPa) is introduced at the inlet and is exhausted downstream at a reduced outlet pressure ranging from 0.135 to 1.016 (i.e., from 1 to 7.5 MPa). Mass flow rates as a function of pressure drop are obtained, and choking conditions are determined. Subsequently, the vapor and liquid velocities are inferred using the thermodynamic properties of the flow and several void fraction models. The speed of sound of the vapor, the liquid, and the mixture are calculated based on the homogenous flow model, slug flow model, and stratified flow model. All void fraction models that are examined predict the vapor Mach number at the onset of choking somewhere below unity. The stratified flow model provides a more accurate prediction of the experimentally obtained flow choking, indicating that the liquid achieves its effective sonic velocity well before the vapor and is therefore conjectured to control flow choking. Temperature drop across the microdevice is discussed, and measured two-phase flow Joule–Thomson coefficients (JT) are compared to calculated values with the mean average error of 1.27 K/MPa.
The chromatin remodeler ADNP regulates neurodevelopmental disorder risk genes and neocortical neurogenesis
Authors: Clémot-Dupont Samuel , Lourenço Fernandes José Alex , Larrigan Sarah , Sun Xiaoqi , Medisetti Suma , Stanley Rory , El Hankouri Ziyad , Joshi Shrilaxmi V. , Picketts David J. , Shekhar Karthik , Mattar Pierre
Published: January 2025

Although chromatin remodelers are among the most important risk genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), the roles of these complexes during brain development are in many cases unclear. Here, we focused on the recently discovered ChAHP chromatin remodeling complex. The zinc finger and homeodomain transcription factor ADNP is a core subunit of this complex, and de novo
ADNP
mutations lead to intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. However, germline
Adnp
knockout mice were previously shown to exhibit early embryonic lethality, obscuring subsequent roles for the ChAHP complex in neurogenesis. To circumvent this early developmental arrest, we generated a conditional
Adnp
mutant allele. Using single-cell transcriptomics, cut&run-seq, and histological approaches, we show that during neocortical development, Adnp orchestrates the production of late-born, upper-layer neurons through a two-step process. First, Adnp is required to sustain progenitor proliferation specifically during the developmental window for upper-layer cortical neurogenesis. Accordingly, we found that Adnp recruits the ChAHP subunit Chd4 to genes associated with progenitor proliferation. Second, in postmitotic differentiated neurons, we define a network of risk genes linked to NDDs that are regulated by Adnp and Chd4. Taken together, these data demonstrate that ChAHP is critical for driving the expansion of upper-layer cortical neurons and for regulating neuronal gene expression programs, suggesting that these processes may potentially contribute to NDD etiology.