bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging Role of Ferroptosis in Breast Cancer: Characteristics, Therapy, and Translational Implications for the Present and Future
Authors: Ray Suman Kumar , Mukherjee Sukhes
Published: September 2023

:

Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic, iron-dependent form of cell death that can be
actuated in disease cells by expected improvements and manufactured specialists.
Different studies have recently resurrected the role of this newly discovered cell death
pathway and demonstrated its efficacy in treating breast cancer. Breast cancer is the
most well-known type of cancer among women worldwide. Despite many years of
research focusing on cell death in breast cancer, counting apoptosis, clinical treatment
leftovers are difficult due to the high likelihood of recurrence. Ferroptosis is defined by a
lack of lipid peroxide repair capacity by phospholipid hydroperoxides GPX4, accessibility
of redox-active iron, and followed oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids acid-containing
phospholipids signalling, amino acid and iron metabolism, ferritinophagy, epithelial-tomesenchymal
transition, cell adhesion, and mevalonate and phospholipid biosynthesis
can all be factors that influence ferroptosis susceptibility. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent
controlled cell death caused by excessive lipid peroxidation, has been entwined in breast
cancer development and therapeutic response for the past decade. Advances in
enhancing clinical drugs targeting ferroptosis are developing silver linings to treat breast
cancer. Ferroptosis is influenced by metabolism and the expression of certain genes,
making it a prospective therapeutic target for monitoring malignant growth and an
appealing target for precision cancer medication disclosure. In the coming years,
research into biomarkers to follow ferroptosis in patients with breast cancer and the
course of events and the subsequent use of novel ferroptosis-based treatments will be
captious. We present a fundamental analysis of the actual understanding of molecular
mechanisms along with regulatory networks associated with ferroptosis, expected
physiological functions in growth concealment, ferroptosis-associated differentially
expressed genes, treatment targeting potential, and recent advances in the development
of therapeutic strategies in this review.
Chronic Lithium Treatment Alters NMDA and AMPA Receptor Synaptic
Availability and Dendritic Spine Organization in the Rat Hippocampus
Authors: Caffino Lucia , Targa Giorgia , Mallien Anne Stephanie , Mottarlini Francesca , Rizzi Beatrice , Homberg Judith R. , Gass Peter , Fumagalli Fabio
Published: September 2023

Background:

The mechanisms underlying the action of lithium (LiCl) in bipolar disorder
(BD) are still far from being completely understood. Previous evidence has revealed that BD is characterized
by glutamate hyperexcitability, suggesting that LiCl may act, at least partially, by toning down
glutamatergic signaling abnormalities.

Objective:

In this study, taking advantage of western blot and confocal microscopy, we used a combination
of integrative molecular and morphological approaches in rats exposed to repeated administration
of LiCl at a therapeutic dose (between 0.6 and 1.2 mmol/l) and sacrificed at two different time
points, i.e., 24 hours and 7 days after the last exposure.

Results:

We report that repeated LiCl treatment activates multiple, parallel, but also converging forms
of compensatory neuroplasticity related to glutamatergic signaling. More specifically, LiCl promoted a
wave of neuroplasticity in the hippocampus, involving the synaptic recruitment of GluN2A-containing
NMDA receptors, GluA1-containing AMPA receptors, and the neurotrophin BDNF that are indicative
of a more plastic spine. The latter is evidenced by morphological analyses showing changes in dendritic
spine morphology, such as increased length and head diameter of such spines. These changes may
counteract the potentially negative extra-synaptic movements of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors
as well as the increase in the formation of GluA2-lacking Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors.

Conclusion:

Our findings highlight a previously unknown cohesive picture of the glutamatergic implications
of LiCl action that persist long after the end of its administration, revealing for the first time
a profound and persistent reorganization of the glutamatergic postsynaptic density receptor composition
and structure.
Efficacy of Low-dose Olanzapine in Combination with Sertraline on
Negative Symptoms and Psychosocial Functioning in Schizophrenia: A
Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Xiu Meihong , Zhao Lei , Sun Qianqian , Lang Xiaoe
Published: September 2023

Background:

Evidence for the efficacy of a low dose of olanzapine (OLA) in combination
with antidepressants has been limited and without positive trials in first-episode (FE) patients with
schizophrenia (SCH). This study aimed to compare the efficacy in treating negative and depressive
symptoms between those FE patients with SCH treated with a combination of OLA plus sertraline and
those treated with OLA monotherapy.

Methods:

One hundred and ninety-six first-episode and drug naïve patients with SCH were randomized
to receive low-dose OLA (7.5-10 mg/day) combined with sertraline (50-100 mg/day) (OS group)
or normal-dose OLA monotherapy (12.5-20 mg/day) (NO group). Clinical symptoms were evaluated
by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the depressive symptoms were evaluated
by the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Psychosocial functioning was assessed by the Personal
and Social Performance Scale (PSP).

Results:

In the intent-to-treat efficacy analysis, the OS group had greater decreases in negative and
depressive symptoms (pall < 0.01) and a greater increase in PSP total score compared with the NO
group (p < 0.01). Moreover, reductions in HAMD total score and PANSS negative subscore and sex
were associated with the improvements in psychosocial functioning from baseline to week 24, after
controlling for baseline psychosocial function, age, and onset age.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that low-dose OLA in combination with sertraline had clinically
meaningful improvements not only in the negative and depressive symptoms but also in psychosocial
functioning in patients with FE-SCH, while not affecting positive symptoms.
Ultrasound-accelerated Synthesis of N-protected Amino Alkyl Iodides
from Amino Alcohols Using P2I4 Reagent and its Application in the
Synthesis of Amino Alkyl Thiols
Authors: H. S. Lalithamba , Govindappa Nagendra , Nagaraja Akshitha D. , Siddekha Aisha
Published: September 2023

Synthesis of amino acid-derived alkyl iodides results in versatile intermediates for many
peptidomimetics, and hence, the approach for their synthesis under neutral conditions was achieved in
the present work.

:

The N-protected amino acids were reduced to amino alcohols under T3P as an activator and NaBH4 as a
reducing partner. Thus, synthesized aminols were sonicated with diphosphorus tetraiodide (P2I4) in CS2
to obtain the N-protected amino alkyliodides.

:

We established the utilisation of the alkyl iodides by converting them to amino alkyl thiols, which serve
as building blocks for many heterocycles and other drug candidates. The ultrasonication medium works
effectively for all the intermediates preparation; the conditions are mild, and yields are almost quantitative
in all steps.

:

The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS analysis.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe; Family: Zingiberaceae) in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Review on the Existing Scientific Evidence and Way Forward
Authors: Prabhakar Pankaj , Marakala Vijay , Sacheendran Dhanya , George Thomas , D'souza Rhea Katherine , Palatty Princy Louis , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath
Published: September 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is today the most prevalent hepatic disorder
in the world. Although many pharmaceutical agents have been investigated for their potential to
prevent or treat NAFLD, currently, there is no standard treatment to manage this ailment. Reports
indicate that ginger and its phytochemicals gingerol and zingerone are effective in mitigating
NAFLD in experimental study models. Furthermore, randomised control trials have demonstrated
that ginger is also effective in preventing NAFLD in both adults and children. Mechanistic studies
suggest that ginger mediates these beneficial effects by activating many pathways, such as reducing free radicals, dyslipidemia, and hepatic fat deposition. Concomitantly, ginger also increases antioxidant enzyme levels and insulin-sensitive effects, and all these pharmacological actions provide
beneficial outcomes. In this review, the evidence from experimental and clinical trials has been emphasised. In addition, an attempt has been made to identify the gaps for future study to address for
the benefit of the medical, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and agricultural businesses.
Auvelity: A New Era in Medicine - Unraveling the Multifaceted Benefits
of Dextromethorphan/Bupropion Combination
Authors: Dhawan Anchal , Choudhary Sunayna , Gupta Sumeet , Chander Abhishek , Dhanawat Meenakshi
Published: September 2023

Background:

Depression is a prevalent global illness, impacting 280 million people
worldwide, and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is ranked as the third leading cause of disease burden
globally. People previously diagnosed with depression are more likely to develop Alzheimer's
disease (AD). The recent approval of Auvelity by the FDA has made a remarkable breakthrough in
drug development, offering a multi-dimensional approach for managing multiple diseases.

Objective:

The main objective of this study is to investigate the role of Auvelity, a new drug, in treating
MDD and its potential to manage agitation in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methodology:

Data on Auvelity was collected from various sources, including accessdata.fda.gov,
PubMed, and Scopus, and compiled for analysis

Discussion:

Auvelity is the first oral medication to demonstrate the rapid onset of action, with statistically
significant antidepressant efficacy observed as early as one week compared to a placebo. It contains
a combination of dextromethorphan (45 mg) and bupropion (105 mg). The drug's mechanism of
action involves a combination of NMDA receptor blockade and agonism of the sigma-1 receptor, resulting
in the antagonization of the glutamatergic neurotransmitter pathway. Due to the similarity in
the mechanism of action with AD medications like Memantine, there is a hypothesis that Auvelity
could effectively reduce symptoms of AD.

Conclusion:

The approval of Auvelity marks a significant advancement in depression treatment with
its unique NMDA antagonist mechanism, rapid onset of action, and low-risk profile.
Correlation between High Incidence of Colorectal Neoplastic Polyps and
High-risk Adenomas in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective
Study
Authors: Zheng Chuan-yu , Zhong Wa , Xu Ji-hao , Yuan Yu-hong , Chen Nai-zhao , Liang Wei-ling , Chen Qi-kui , Lai Yu
Published: September 2023

Background:

Early detection and resection of colorectal polyps by routine colonoscopy
screening can be effective in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and different
types of colorectal polyps in the Chinese population.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was performed on inpatients admitted to the Gastroenterology Department
of our hospital from January to December 2019. Clinical data, and colonoscopy and pathology findings
of the subjects were collected. Bivariate analysis was used to assess factors associated with colorectal
polyps. Significant variables from the bivariate evaluation were included in a stepwise multivariate logistic
regression analysis to recognize independent predictors of neoplastic polyps and high-risk adenomas.

Results:

The proportion of patients with DM was significantly higher in patients with neoplastic polyps
and high-risk adenomas than in patients without polyps. Age ≥ 50 years, male gender, and a first-degree
relative with a history of CRC were independent risk factors for neoplastic polyps and high-risk adenomas,
even in non-smokers. An independent risk factor analysis that did not include a family history of
CRC showed that age, gender, and alcohol consumption were independent risk factors for neoplastic
polyps and high-risk adenomas. DM was an independent risk factor for high-risk adenomas (OR =
2.902, 95% CI = 1.221-6.899; p = 0.016) after adjusting for age, gender, alcohol consumption, and body
mass index. Thus, a history of DM significantly increases the risk of high-risk adenomas.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that patients with DM, age ≥ 50 years, male gender, alcohol consumption,
and a first-degree relative with a history of CRC should undergo regular endoscopic screening
and colonic polypectomy.
Mit.OnOff: A Science Communication Project for Public Awareness about Mitochondrial Cytopathies
Authors: Grazina Manuela , Martins Sara , Santos Maria João , Simões Marta , Caetano Carolina , Neves Beatriz , Amaral Sara Varela , Bindoff Laurence A.
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

Mitochondrial diseases are rare, heterogeneous, incurable and complex to diagnose. Probably due to their rareness, there is still a lack of literacy in this area, especially in society, but also in schools and in general, health care services. Accordingly, tools that may bring advancement in science and health literacy are needed. Mit.OnOff is a science communication project based on a bilateral partnership between the University of Coimbra (Portugal) and the University of Bergen (Norway). It aims to inform society about rare diseases related to mitochondrial cytopathies with an emphasis on LHON.

Methods:

The initiative focuses on the creation of an illustrated book explaining the diseases caused by the failure of energy production in simple and accessible language. The aim is to raise awareness (particularly in Portugal and Norway) and provide in-depth knowledge to people suffering from these diseases.

Results/Case report:

This project involves expert scientists in the field of mitochondrial disease, science communicators and artists in alignment with the United Nations SDGs, Agenda 2030. Mit.OnOff is a bilateral partnership (Portugal and Norway) established to address the lack of knowledge and health literacy on the subject of mitochondrial disease. The book will be distributed in both countries, creating a sense of inclusion and visibility and influencing decisions regarding these diseases. It is a relevant educational medium (e.g., schools, health care provision). The distribution of the book is complemented with other communication materials. Oral communications are made, together with public involvement, in which special glasses will be distributed to simulate a mitochondrial disease that leads to blindness (LHON) for the public to experience what it is like living with a rare disease.

Conclusion:

It is hoped that the production of this book will give patients a sense of inclusion and representation in the media. This, in turn, will contribute to achieving the SDG targets (3,4,5,8,10,12), i.e., ensuring people live healthy lives, reducing child mortality, and increasing life expectancy, ensuring access to inclusive, equitable and quality education for all, ensuring gender equality, and contributing to a peaceful and prosperous world.
case study on effective teaching strategies for attaining course learning outcomes
Authors: Ahmed Awwad Othman Abdelaziz , Ibrahim Intisar Zakariya Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Lesson planning has been a subject of debate within the realm of education, with contrasting views regarding its merits.  This study employs a descriptive cross-sectional survey design to investigate lecture planning practices among teaching staff in the English Language and Translation Department at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. The research focuses on understanding current practices and potential gender-related differences in teaching strategies. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to 26 university teaching staff, evenly split between males and females. The results indicate that faculty members exhibit a positive attitude towards lesson planning, emphasizing careful preparation, alignment with course objectives, and responsiveness to student needs. While some variations between male and female teachers were observed, particularly in lesson planning and the use of teaching aids, no significant gender-based disparities were found in many teaching practices. This suggests that effective teaching strategies can be employed by educators of any gender, challenging gender-based assumptions about teaching styles. Implications of the study underscore the importance of recognizing and celebrating diverse teaching approaches among faculty members. Rather than making gender-based assumptions, educational institutions should foster an inclusive environment where educators are encouraged to leverage their unique strengths.
MEU ITINERÁRIO PARA E PELO DIREITO ADMINISTRATIVO
Authors: De Azevedo Marques Neto Floriano
Published: September 2023

O presente tenta traçar uma sequência de um filme ainda em curso. Procuro relembrar o caminho que trilhei até aqui, desde minha origem familiar, minha formação e meu percurso pelo Direito Administrativo. Minhas influências e experiências mais marcantes. A combinação entre minha experiência docente e na advocacia, os projetos de que participei. Até chegar à minha breve mais rica passagem pela função de gestor público.
DISCRETO CHARME DO BÁSICO
Authors: Santos de Mendonça José Vicente
Published: September 2023

O texto apresenta, em formato de perguntas e respostas, um resumo da minha carreira de professor de Direito Administrativo. Há discussões sobre as mudanças no perfil dos docentes e dos discentes, sobre métodos de ensino, sobre atividades extraclasse e sobre a mudança no conteúdo da disciplina.
STEM Learning Design with Literation-Based Pop-Up Book Media in Elementary Schools
Authors: Artobatama Irman , Hastuti Woro Sri , Zubaidah Enny , Wibowo Setiawan Edi
Published: September 2023

This study aims to examine the stages of developing a STEM learning design with literacy-based Pop-Up Book media. Media-integrated instructional designs can facilitate students' mastery of the studied subject. The implementation of learning designs with creative media has not been widely applied during teaching and learning activities in class, especially in thematic learning with the 2013 curriculum. Pop-Up Book Media is creative media applied to literacy-based STEM learning designs in school. This study used a design-based research method. Data were collected through interviews, expert assessments, and questionnaires. Pop-Up Book media based on literacy has been designed to be implemented through STEM learning designs in elementary schools. Therefore this creative media can be applied by teachers in learning with the 2013 curriculum in elementary schools.
The Implementation of Social Emotional Learning Approach in Elementary School
Authors: Lestari Slamet , Azizah Nazula Nur
Published: September 2023

This study aims to examine the execution of the social-emotional learning approach in the elementary school of the Fun School Movement (FSM) model. This study was a qualitative approach. The informants in this study were first-grade teachers, school principals, and first-grade students of the elementary school of the Fun School Movement (FSM) model. The data collection techniques were in the form of semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies. The data analysis involved the process of data collection, data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The validity of the data was tested through source triangulation and technique triangulation. The results show that the implementation of the SEL approach in the classroom is designed by the class teacher, such as discussions, morning sharing, giving affection stars, appreciation, class agreements, group work, circle time, and reflection, while learning activities outside the classroom are integrated into the agenda or school habituation program.
Nature and Skills of Effective Leadership for The Success of Literacy Programs in Elementary Schools
Authors: Wibowo Udik Budi , Sayekti Octavian Muning , Dewanti Septinda Rima
Published: September 2023

The School Literacy Movement program launched by the government has not yet been to be implemented optimally. One of the factors that influence it is related to the leader—in this case, the principal. Therefore, this study aims to identifying the traits and skills of effective leadership in the success of literacy programs in schools. This research employed a qualitative case study research. Questionnaires and interviews were done to collect data. Respondents of this study were teachers who were members of the professional education program in positions at Yogyakarta State University in 2023. This study employed interactive analysis techniques for its data analysis. This study shows that the traits and skills of effective leadership for the success of literacy programs in elementary schools are personality, motivation, and skills, respectively.
Culturally Responsive Teaching to Support Meaningfull Learning in Mathematics Primary School
Authors: Murti Rahayu Condro
Published: September 2023

This study aims to measure and determine, through analysis, the textbooks used by elementary school students, especially in mathematics. The analysis seeks to examine how the aspects of culturally responsive teaching (CRT) in the textbook supports meaningful learning and supports the aspects of "Profil Pelajar Pancasila", specifically the global diversity in the "Kurikulum Merdeka". This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach with a content analysis technique. The data source consists of mathematics teaching materials from the 4th-grade student textbooks, focusing on theme 5 "My Heroes," published by the Ministry of Education and Culture. Data collection was conducted through observation and documentation. The analysis includes the presentation of the material, consistency of the theme, consistency of learning outcomes, mathematics representation, and the three aspects of culturally responsive teaching. The results indicate that the contextual aspect of CRT is the most dominant in presenting meaningful learning. The CRT aspects in the textbooks, including explanations of concepts and examples of pictures presented, show that 8% are related to educational values, 11% to artifacts, and 81% to contextual meaning. The mathematics representation is appropriate with the theme and the learning outcomes. Therefore the teachers must provide additional learning on CRT aspects that are still lacking in textbooks.
Analysis of Fourth-Grade Students' Ability to Express Their Opinions in Elementary Schools
Authors: Rozy Shellawaty M , Sukardi Sukardi
Published: September 2023

Speaking skills are very important for every student, especially in expressing opinions. However, some students are still unable to tell stories and convey their respective opinions. There are several factors influencing it. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the speaking skills of fourth-grade students and their efforts to improve their speaking skills in expressing the opinions of fourth-grade students. This study was carried out in one of the state elementary schools in Pedurungan Kidul 02, Semarang, Central Java. The data collected was qualitative in the form of a narrative about the ability of speaking skills in expressing opinions, the factors that influence speaking skills, and efforts to improve speaking skills in expressing opinions. The data source used was the primary data source and the secondary data source. The data collection techniques were observation, interview, test, and documentation. The results of this study show that: (1) the storytelling ability of the three students of grade four B SD Negeri Pedurungan Kidul 02 Semarang City is still in the low category because students are still unable to retell the stories and are not fluent in expressing their opinions, (2) the factors that influence students speaking skills are the first supporting factors which include models, methods, and learning media as well as linguistic factors and non-linguistic factors. The second factor is inhibiting factors, including physical and psychological conditions. (3) the efforts made to improve students speaking skills are that teachers must modify the use of learning methods, improve facilities and infrastructure, and students must practice a lot to tell stories. The contribution of this research is to create a learning media that can attract students’ attention during learning. In addition, modifying or collaborating on learning models and methods used for learning is expected so that students do not feel bored and saturated when participating in learning.
A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Parent mediated Group Intervention Program for Developmental Language Disorders
Authors: Vrinda R , Kunnath Suja Kurian
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This paper attempts to explore the significance of parent-mediated group intervention for children with developmental language disorder. The implementation of group intervention programs with the active involvement of parents creates opportunities for peer interaction in realistic settings and parents becoming more invested in the intervention process through direct observation and active participation.Methods: Eight parent child dyads participated in the group intervention. The participants were native Malayalam speakers in the age range of 3-4 years. 25 sessions were provided with intervention focused on language as well as emergent literacy skills. Vignettes are provided to demonstrate the program’s structure. Pre and post receptive expressive language scores and emergent literacy scores were assessed using Assessment of Language Disorders and Get Ready to Read.Results: The results indicated that parent mediated group intervention was effective for children with developmental language disorder. All children, with the exception of one, achieved age-appropriate language scores and improvement in emergent literacy skills. Despite the fact that all of the children’s emergent literac scores improved after intervention, none of the children’s scores exceeded the average, implying that much more focused and rigorous attention is required for training of emergent literacy skills.Conclusions: This paper calls attention to the practicality of parent mediated group intervention for children with developmental language disorders through which more children can be served in a cost and time efficient way. It emphasizes the importance of involving parents in sessions to improve speech and language skills as well as emergent literacy.
Trajectory of Voice Rehabilitation in Ortner’s Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Kumar Akriti , Sharma Anjali
Published: September 2023

Ortner’s syndrome is characterized with hoarseness of voice due to left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and is primarily caused by cardiovascular disease. Based on the concurrent impairment of both the heart and voice, it is also described as Cardio-Vocal syndrome. Hoarseness and breathiness, are the core voice features of Ortner’s syndrome, occurring in children and adults alike. Formal and customized vocal rehabilitation using symptomatic voice therapy approach can elicit remarkable voice improvement in such cases. In this case study, a 28 years old female with such cardiac pathology and voice symptoms is documented. Vocal rehabilitation was initiated, after medical intervention. Normal voice characteristic was achieved within nine sessions of voice therapy as evident in pre and post therapy comparison of acoustic and perceptual parameters. This finding is imperative to the narratives of such rare cases, as it emphasizes on the early intervention. The results suggest that management plays a vital role in restoration of vocal characteristics in cases where otherwise there could have been a permanent damage. There are a few literatures on the voice profile of persons with Ortner’s syndrome however, no study, to the best of our exhaustive search, has been reported on vocal rehabilitation profile on Ortner’s syndrome. The present study explores the trajectory of voice recovery in Ortner’s syndrome.
Radiation-migration equivalence of radioactive waste and uranium raw materials in two-component nuclear power
Authors:   Joint Stock Company PRORYV, Solomatin V.M. , Spirin E.V. ,   Joint Stock Company PRORYV, Avramenko S.S. ,   Joint Stock Company PRORYV
Published: September 2023

An assessment of the potential biological hazard of radioactive waste in deep disposals after reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel of thermal and fast reactors in two-component nuclear power has been carried out. It is shown that when 0.1% of fissile materials, minor actinides and particular fractions of fission products are transferred to radioactive waste with the same contribution to the generated electricity of thermal and fast reactors the time of radiation-migration equivalence occurs after 140 years, and with a 75% contribution of fast reactors after 350 years, with a conservative assumption about the consumption of uranium raw materials only by thermal reactors. The estimation of the uncertainty of the calculation showed that for a sandy soil with a 50% contribution to the generation of electricity from thermal reactors, the time of radiation-migration equivalence varies between the lower and upper quartiles from 60 to 400 years. At the same time, 70% of the results are in the range of up to 200 years, and 90% – up to 400 years.
Overall Reaction Rate Study of Thermal Methane Cracking in Non-Isothermal Conditions
Authors: Yousefi Mahdi , Donne Scott , Bahremand Shabnam , Yousefi Mohammad
Published: September 2023

The thermal cracking of methane (TMC) is a significant reaction occurring above 850°C, which proceeds in two stages: non-isothermally and isothermally. However, most existing studies have focused on obtaining reaction rates under isothermal conditions [1], limiting their applicability to practical industrial reactor conditions. This novel research aims to determine the overall thermal decomposition rate of methane to hydrogen and carbon in adiabatic conditions, covering the range of unstable industrial reactor temperatures (850 to 1200°C). The Coats and Redfern model-fitting method was employed to calculate the reaction rate under non-isothermal conditions, and the resulting models were compared with experimental data. The findings reveal the Contracting Cylinder model as the best-fit mathematical representation with less than ±2.8% error. By extending the kinetic model to non-isothermal conditions, this approach addresses a critical aspect of real-world applications.
Treatments and Management of Menopausal Symptoms: Current Status and Future Challenges
Authors: Comparetto Ciro , Borruto Franco
Published: September 2023

In the United States (US), menopause occurs at an average age of 52. Menopausal symptoms tend to be maximal during the few years before and the year after menopause (during perimenopause), except for symptomatic vulvovaginal atrophy, which may worsen over time. Up to 20% of bone density loss occurs during the first 5 years after menopause, followed by an age-related bone loss rate similar to that in men. Menopause should be considered confirmed if an age-appropriate woman who is not pregnant has not had a menstrual period for 12 months. Regarding treatment, for vaginal dryness or dyspareunia due to menopause, vaginal stimulation and vaginal lubricants and moisturizers are recommended, and if these are ineffective, low-dose vaginal estrogen, in the form of creams, tablets, suppositories, or rings should be considered; other options include oral ospemifene or intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (DEHA) suppositories. Before prescribing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and periodically while therapy continues, women should be informed of risks (e.g., deep vein thrombosis [DVT], pulmonary embolism [PE], stroke, breast cancer, gallbladder disease, and urinary incontinence); potential harms are greatest for women who start HRT after 60 years of age or who are 10-20 years past menopause onset. If women choose HRT to relieve hot flushes, estrogen plus, a progestin or conjugated estrogen/bazedoxifene could be prescribed for women who still have the uterus. Treatment with HRT should be tailored to maximize benefits and minimize harms, and periodically benefits and harms should be reassessed; low-dose transdermal HRT may lead to a lower risk of DVT and stroke. Selective serotonin reuptakereuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), selective serotonin-nor-epinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and gabapentin could be considered as less effective alternatives to HRT for relieving hot flushes; paroxetine 7.5 milligrams (mg) is the only non-hormonal drug approved in the US for the relief of hot flushes. Effective non-drug options include cognitive behavioral therapy and hypnosis.
Telehealth Availability for Cancer Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Marks Victoria A , Hsiang Walter R , Nie James , Umer Waez , Haleem Afash , Galal Bayan , Pak Irene , Kim Dana , Salazar Michelle C , Pantel Haddon , Berger Elizabeth R , Boffa Daniel J , Cavallo Jaime A , Leapman Michael S
Published: September 2023

Background

Telehealth was an important strategy for maintaining continuity of cancer care during the coronavirus pandemic and has continued to play a role in outpatient care; however, it is unknown whether services are equally available across cancer hospitals.

Objective

This study aimed to assess telehealth availability at cancer hospitals for new and established patients with common cancers to contextualize the impact of access barriers to technology on overall access to health care.

Methods

We conducted a national cross-sectional secret shopper study from June to November 2020 to assess telehealth availability at cancer hospitals for new and established patients with colorectal, breast, and skin (melanoma) cancer. We examined facility-level factors to determine predictors of telehealth availability.

Results

Of the 312 investigated facilities, 97.1% (n=303) provided telehealth services for at least 1 cancer site. Telehealth was less available to new compared to established patients (n=226, 72% vs n=301, 97.1%). The surveyed cancer hospitals more commonly offered telehealth visits for breast cancer care (n=266, 85%) and provided lower access to telehealth for skin (melanoma) cancer care (n=231, 74%). Most hospitals (n=163, 52%) offered telehealth for all 3 cancer types. Telehealth availability was weakly correlated across cancer types within a given facility for new (r=0.16, 95% CI 0.09-0.23) and established (r=0.14, 95% CI 0.08-0.21) patients. Telehealth was more commonly available for new patients at National Cancer Institute–designated facilities, medical school–affiliated facilities, and major teaching sites, with high total admissions and below-average timeliness of care. Telehealth availability for established patients was highest at Academic Comprehensive Cancer Programs, nongovernment and nonprofit facilities, medical school–affiliated facilities, Accountable Care Organizations, and facilities with a high number of total admissions.

Conclusions

Despite an increase in telehealth services for patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic, we identified differences in access across cancer hospitals, which may relate to measures of clinical volume, affiliation, and infrastructure.
Telehealth Satisfaction in Patients Receiving Virtual Atrial Fibrillation Care: Quantitative Exploratory Study (Preprint)
Authors: Rush Kathy L , Burton Lindsay , Seaton Cherisse L , Loewen Peter , O'Connor Brian P , Moroz Lana , Corman Kendra , Smith Mindy A , Andrade Jason G
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Telehealth can optimize access to specialty care for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Virtual AF care, however, may not fit with the complex needs of patients with AF.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore the correlation among attitudes toward health care technologies, self-efficacy, and telehealth satisfaction as part of the future planning of virtual AF clinic care.

METHODS

Patients with AF older than 18 years from an urban-based, highly specialized AF clinic who had an upcoming telehealth visit were invited to participate in a web-based survey. The survey asked about demographic characteristics; use of technology; general, computer, and health care technology self-efficacy (HTSE) and health care technology attitudes, using a validated 30-item tool; and telehealth satisfaction questionnaire using a validated 14-item questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, correlational analyses, and linear regression modeling.

RESULTS

Participants (n=195 of 579 invited, for a 34% response rate) were primarily older, male, and White, had postsecondary schooling or more, and had high self-reported overall and mental health ratings. A variety of technologies were used in their daily lives and for health care, with the majority of technologies comprising desktop and laptop computers, smartphones, and tablets. Self-efficacy and telehealth satisfaction questionnaire scores were high overall, with male participants having higher general self-efficacy, computer self-efficacy, HTSE, and technology attitude scores. After controlling for age and sex, only HTSE was significantly related to individuals’ attitudes toward health care technology. Both general self-efficacy and attitude toward health care technology were positively related to telehealth satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS

Consistent with a previous study, only HTSE significantly influenced attitudes toward health care technology. This finding confirms that, in this regard, self-efficacy is not a general perception but is domain specific. Considering participants’ predominant use of the telephone for virtual care, it follows that general self-efficacy and attitude toward health care technology were significant contributors to telehealth satisfaction. Given our patients’ frequent use of technology and high computer self-efficacy and HTSE scores, the use of video for telehealth appointments could be supported.
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma as a Dangerous, Easy to Miss, and Nearly Impossible to Clinically Diagnose Condition: Case Report (Preprint)
Authors: Pulsipher Kayd , Mills Samantha , Harris Blair , Bermudez Rene , Arida Muammar , Crane Jonathan
Published: September 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare vascular tumor with metastatic potential. EHE can have single- or multiorgan involvement, with presentations ranging from asymptomatic disease to pain and systemic symptoms. The extremely heterogeneous clinical presentation and disease progression complicates EHE diagnosis and management. We present the case of a 24-year-old woman with two periauricular erythematous papules, leading to the discovery of metastatic EHE through routine biopsy, despite a noncontributory medical history. Histology revealed the dermal proliferation of epithelioid cells and vacuoles containing red blood cells. Immunohistochemistry markers consistent with EHE solidified the diagnosis. Although extremely rare, prompt diagnosis of EHE is essential for informed decision-making and favorable outcomes. Key clinical and histopathological findings are highlighted to aid dermatologists in diagnosing and managing this uncommon condition.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Emergency Departments to Improve Wait Times: Protocol for an Integrative Living Review (Preprint)
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Bahareh , Patey Christopher , Hurley Oliver , Knight John , Norman Paul , Farrell Alison , Czarnuch Stephen , Asghari Shabnam
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Long wait times in the emergency department (ED) are a major issue for health care systems all over the world. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) is a novel strategy to reduce ED wait times when compared to the interventions included in previous research endeavors. To date, comprehensive systematic reviews that include studies involving AI applications in the context of EDs have covered a wide range of AI implementation issues. However, the lack of an iterative update strategy limits the use of these reviews. Since the subject of AI development is cutting edge and is continuously changing, reviews in this area must be frequently updated to remain relevant.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to provide a summary of the evidence that is currently available regarding how AI can affect ED wait times; discuss the applications of AI in improving wait times; and periodically assess the depth, breadth, and quality of the evidence supporting the application of AI in reducing ED wait times.

METHODS

We plan to conduct a living systematic review (LSR). Our strategy involves conducting continuous monitoring of evidence, with biannual search updates and annual review updates. Upon completing the initial round of the review, we will refine the search strategy and establish clear schedules for updating the LSR. An interpretive synthesis using Whittemore and Knafl’s framework will be performed to compile and summarize the findings. The review will be carried out using an integrated knowledge translation strategy, and knowledge users will be involved at all stages of the review to guarantee applicability, usability, and clarity of purpose.

RESULTS

The literature search was completed by September 22, 2023, and identified 17,569 articles. The title and abstract screening were completed by December 9, 2023. In total, 70 papers were eligible. The full-text screening is in progress.

CONCLUSIONS

The review will summarize AI applications that improve ED wait time. The LSR enables researchers to maintain high methodological rigor while enhancing the timeliness, applicability, and value of the review.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/52612
Vascular Access–Related Distal Ischemia Requiring Intervention
Authors: Allon Michael , Cutter Gary R. , Young Carlton J.
Published: September 2023

Background

Distal ischemia is a rare complication in patients undergoing placement of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula or AV graft. There are limited studies on its frequency, risk factors, clinical consequences, or feasibility of subsequent access.

Methods

A prospective vascular access database from a large academic medical center was queried retrospectively to identify 1498 patients (mean age 56±15 years, 48% female patients, 73% Black patients) undergoing placement of at least one vascular access from 2011 to 2020. For patients who developed access-related distal ischemia requiring surgical intervention, we determined the frequency of distal ischemia, clinical risk factors, and subsequent outcomes.

Results

Severe access-related distal ischemia occurred in 28 patients (1.9%; 95% confidence interval, 1.3% to 2.7%). The frequency was 0.2% for forearm AV fistulas, 0.9% for upper arm AV fistulas, 2.4% for forearm AV grafts, 2.2% for upper arm AV grafts, and 2.8% for thigh AV grafts. Risk factors independently associated with distal ischemia included female sex (odds ratio [OR], 3.64 [95% confidence interval, 1.52 to 8.72]), peripheral vascular disease (OR, 6.28 [2.84 to 13.87]), and coronary artery disease (OR, 2.37 [1.08 to 5.23]). Surgical interventions included ligation, excision, plication (banding), and other surgical procedures. Five patients developed tissue necrosis. A subsequent AV graft was placed in 13 patients, of whom only one (8%) developed distal ischemia requiring intervention.

Conclusions

Access-related distal ischemia requiring intervention was rare in this study and more common in women and patients with peripheral vascular disease or coronary artery disease. In some cases, a subsequent vascular access could be placed with a low likelihood of recurrent distal ischemia.
Jornaleros, costureras y pastores
Authors: Literas Luciano
Published: September 2023

This paper analyzes the characteristics and economic and social changes of the indigenous population that inhabited the countryside near Buenos Aires, Argentina, in the second half of the 19th century. The case study uses a set of documentary sources of different authorship, format and purpose to research the “tribe” in the city’s Veinticinco de Mayo administrative subdivision (partido), led by the caciques Guayquil, Caneullan, Teuque and Rondeau. The primary results of the analysis include the identification and reconstruction of the composition of this group, their labor and occupational practices, and use and access to land ownership in rural and urban areas within the administrative subdivision.
Evaluación de la norma 035 para la medición de los factores de riesgo psicosocial en el entorno laboral mexicano
Authors: Madero Gómez Sergio , Montes José Luis , Del Castillo Ernesto
Published: September 2023

Los factores psicosociales derivados del estrés laboral se han convertido un problema global. Con la finalidad de identificar y prevenir los factores de riesgo psicosocial en el entorno organizacional en México, el gobierno federal publicó la Norma Oficial Mexicana 035 (NOM-035), en octubre de 2018. La NOM-035 incluye diversos instrumentos, en formato de cuestionarios, que pretenden identificar el grado de riesgo psicológico al que es sometido un empleado en el desempeño de sus labores.  El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la confiabilidad del segundo instrumento de medida propuesto en la NOM-035. A fin de realizar la validación del instrumento, se aplicó el cuestionario en una muestra de 434 empleados. Luego de múltiples pruebas de confiabilidad y validez, los resultados demuestran que el instrumento carece de las propiedades estadísticas suficientes para identificar con certeza a los empleados mexicanos que padecen un riesgo psicológico alto.
Conflicto armado y la “Vía Política”: Los casos de la Unión Patriótica y MOVADEF en perspectiva
Authors: Medina Montes José Carlos
Published: September 2023

Este artículo presenta un contraste entre dos experiencias organizacionales enmarcadas en dos momentos políticos distintos que tienen como eje un conflicto armado interno. Resalta la actuación del Estado y ciertos sectores sociales para mantener al margen de la participación política institucional a los colectivos políticos surgidos desde los movimientos alzados en armas. Hace un compendio del desarrollo de la Unión Patriótica en Colombia y los mecanismos de criminalización de su participación política abierta en el curso de un conflicto armado inconcluso, en paralelo resume el caso del Movimiento por Amnistía y Derechos Fundamentales en Perú, y el vedo de su participación política formal en condiciones de un conflicto armado finalizado.
¿Cómo vivieron los jóvenes el proceso electoral 2012?
Authors: Mendoza Rentería Alma Leticia
Published: September 2023

La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo describir y explicar cómo vivieron los jóvenes el proceso de las elecciones en el 2012. El método utilizado para abordar el tema fue el cualitativo, que permite entender la realidad de manera integral desde la postura de los protagonistas, en este caso los jóvenes. Los resultados arrojaron que los jóvenes vivieron de una manera desinteresada el proceso electoral del 2012, porque su interés está en terminar su formación profesional. Su experiencia en este tipo de eventos ha hecho que forme un criterio en el sentido de que la política es corrupción y que no va a cambiar nada.
El Consenso de Washington y la postura poskeynesiana
Authors: Chabán García Omar , Vallés Ferrer José
Published: September 2023

Todo acontecimiento se mueve dentro de un contexto histórico determinado, y aún más un acontecimiento sobre política económica; lo que se conoció como Consenso de Washington marcó la política económica del planeta. Una vez marginada su denominación se presenta en Europa, sin dicho nombre, en forma de políticas económicas supranacionales impuestas a los países con mayores dificultades. El análisis desde un punto de vista poskeynesiano, que no rompe con la idea de economía de mercado, acerca más las políticas económicas a lo social y a una solución acorde con las necesidades del ciudadano.