bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology Modeling in Ionic Conductivity Predictions of Phthaloylchitosan-Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Azzahari Ahmad , Yusuf Siti , Selvanathan Vidhya , Yahya Rosiyah
Published: January 2016

A gel polymer electrolyte system based on phthaloylchitosan was prepared. The effects of process variables, such as lithium iodide, caesium iodide, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide were investigated using a distance-based ternary mixture experimental design. A comparative approach was made between response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the ionic conductivity. The predictive capabilities of the two methodologies were compared in terms of coefficient of determination R2 based on the validation data set. It was shown that the developed ANN model had better predictive outcome as compared to the RSM model.
Investigations of the Ligand Electronic Effects on α-Diimine Nickel(II) Catalyzed Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Guo Lihua , Dai Shengyu , Chen Changle
Published: January 2016

The synthesis and characterization of a series of dibenzhydryl-based α-diimine Ni(II) complexes bearing a range of electron-donating or -withdrawing groups are described. Polymerization with ethylene is investigated in detail, involving the activator effect, influence of polymerization conditions on catalyst activity, thermal stability, polymer molecular weight and melting point. All of these Ni(II) complexes show great activity (up to 6 × 106 g of PE (mol of Ni)−1·h−1), exceptional thermal stability (stable at up to 100 °C) and generate polyethylene with very high molecular weight (Mn up to 1.6 × 106) and very narrow molecular weight distribution. In the dibromo Ni(II) system, the electronic perturbations exhibit little variation on the ethylene polymerization. In the Ni(acac) system, dramatic ligand electronic effects are observed in terms of catalytic activity and polyethylene molecular weight.
Multi-Class Simultaneous Adaptive Segmentation and Quality Control of Point Cloud Data
Authors: Habib Ayman , Lin Yun-Jou
Published: January 2016

3D modeling of a given site is an important activity for a wide range of applications including urban planning, as-built mapping of industrial sites, heritage documentation, military simulation, and outdoor/indoor analysis of airflow. Point clouds, which could be either derived from passive or active imaging systems, are an important source for 3D modeling. Such point clouds need to undergo a sequence of data processing steps to derive the necessary information for the 3D modeling process. Segmentation is usually the first step in the data processing chain. This paper presents a region-growing multi-class simultaneous segmentation procedure, where planar, pole-like, and rough regions are identified while considering the internal characteristics (i.e., local point density/spacing and noise level) of the point cloud in question. The segmentation starts with point cloud organization into a kd-tree data structure and characterization process to estimate the local point density/spacing. Then, proceeding from randomly-distributed seed points, a set of seed regions is derived through distance-based region growing, which is followed by modeling of such seed regions into planar and pole-like features. Starting from optimally-selected seed regions, planar and pole-like features are then segmented. The paper also introduces a list of hypothesized artifacts/problems that might take place during the region-growing process. Finally, a quality control process is devised to detect, quantify, and mitigate instances of partially/fully misclassified planar and pole-like features. Experimental results from airborne and terrestrial laser scanning as well as image-based point clouds are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed segmentation and quality control framework.
Mobility-Enhanced Reliable Geographical Forwarding in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks
Authors: Zubair Suleiman , Syed Yusoff Sharifah , Fisal Norsheila
Published: January 2016

The emergence of the Internet of Things and the proliferation of mobile wireless devices has brought the area of mobile cognitive radio sensor networks (MCRSN) to the research spot light. Notwithstanding the potentials of CRSNs in terms of opportunistic channel usage for bursty traffic, the effect of the mobility of resource-constrained nodes to route stability, mobility-induced spatio-temporal spectral opportunities and primary user (PU) protection still remain open issues that need to be jointly addressed. To this effect, this paper proposes a mobile reliable geographical forwarding routing (MROR) protocol. MROR provides a robust mobile framework for geographical forwarding that is based on a mobility-induced channel availability model. It presents a comprehensive routing strategy that considers PU activity (to take care of routes that have to be built through PU coverage), PU signal protection (by the introduction of a mobility-induced guard (mguard) distance) and the random mobility-induced spatio-temporal spectrum opportunities (for enhancement of throughput). It also addresses the issue of frequent route maintenance that arises when speeds of the mobile nodes are considered as a routing metric. As a result, simulation has shown the ability of MROR to reduce the route failure rate by about 65% as against other schemes. In addition, further results show that MROR can improve both the throughput and goodput at the sink in an energy-efficient manner that is required in CRSNs as against compared works.
Robust Tomato Recognition for Robotic Harvesting Using Feature Images Fusion
Authors: Zhao Yuanshen , Gong Liang , Huang Yixiang , Liu Chengliang
Published: January 2016

Automatic recognition of mature fruits in a complex agricultural environment is still a challenge for an autonomous harvesting robot due to various disturbances existing in the background of the image. The bottleneck to robust fruit recognition is reducing influence from two main disturbances: illumination and overlapping. In order to recognize the tomato in the tree canopy using a low-cost camera, a robust tomato recognition algorithm based on multiple feature images and image fusion was studied in this paper. Firstly, two novel feature images, the a*-component image and the I-component image, were extracted from the L*a*b* color space and luminance, in-phase, quadrature-phase (YIQ) color space, respectively. Secondly, wavelet transformation was adopted to fuse the two feature images at the pixel level, which combined the feature information of the two source images. Thirdly, in order to segment the target tomato from the background, an adaptive threshold algorithm was used to get the optimal threshold. The final segmentation result was processed by morphology operation to reduce a small amount of noise. In the detection tests, 93% target tomatoes were recognized out of 200 overall samples. It indicates that the proposed tomato recognition method is available for robotic tomato harvesting in the uncontrolled environment with low cost.
Load Measurement on Foundations of Rockfall Protection Systems
Authors: Volkwein Axel , Kummer Peter , Bitnel Hueseyin , Campana Lorenzo
Published: January 2016

Rockfall protection barriers are connected to the ground using steel cables fixed with anchors and foundations for the steel posts. It is common practice to measure the forces in the cables, while to date measurements of forces in the foundations have been inadequately resolved. An overview is presented of existing methods to measure the loads on the post foundations of rockfall protection barriers. Addressing some of the inadequacies of existing approaches, a novel sensor unit is presented that is able to capture the forces acting on post foundations in all six degrees of freedom. The sensor unit consists of four triaxial force sensors placed between two steel plates. To correctly convert the measurements into the directional forces acting on the foundation a special in-situ calibration procedure is proposed that delivers a corresponding conversion matrix.
Daily Average Wind Power Interval Forecasts Based on an Optimal Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System and Singular Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhongrong , Song Yiliao , Liu Feng , Liu Jinpeng
Published: January 2016

Wind energy has increasingly played a vital role in mitigating conventional resource shortages. Nevertheless, the stochastic nature of wind poses a great challenge when attempting to find an accurate forecasting model for wind power. Therefore, precise wind power forecasts are of primary importance to solve operational, planning and economic problems in the growing wind power scenario. Previous research has focused efforts on the deterministic forecast of wind power values, but less attention has been paid to providing information about wind energy. Based on an optimal Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA), this paper develops a hybrid uncertainty forecasting model, IFASF (Interval Forecast-ANFIS-SSA-Firefly Alogorithm), to obtain the upper and lower bounds of daily average wind power, which is beneficial for the practical operation of both the grid company and independent power producers. To strengthen the practical ability of this developed model, this paper presents a comparison between IFASF and other benchmarks, which provides a general reference for this aspect for statistical or artificially intelligent interval forecast methods. The comparison results show that the developed model outperforms eight benchmarks and has a satisfactory forecasting effectiveness in three different wind farms with two time horizons.
CSR Reporting Practices of Polish Energy and Mining Companies
Authors: Szczepankiewicz Elżbieta , Mućko Przemysław
Published: January 2016

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting receives much attention nowadays. Communication with stakeholders is a part of assumed social responsibility, thus the quality of information disclosed in CSR reports has a significant impact on fulfilment of the responsibility. The authors use content analysis of selected CSR reports to describe and assess patterns and structure of information disclosed in them. CSR reports of Polish companies have similar structures at a very high level of analysis, but a more detailed study reveals much diversity in approaches to the report’s content. Even fairly similar companies may devote significantly different amounts of space to the same issue. The number of similar stakeholders varies irrespectively of the company’s size. Considerable diversity of reporting patterns results from the nature of CSR reporting, because it concerns highly entity-specific issues. Thus, such considerable diversity is not surprising. However, many initiatives and efforts are devoted to greater comparability of reporting, so a greater degree of uniformity can be expected. Similar conclusions may be drawn from integrated reports’ analysis, though a small sample reflects the relative novelty of this trend.
Participatory Design of Multi-Use Platforms at Sea
Authors: Van den Burg Sander , Stuiver Marian , Norrman Jenny , Garção Rita , Söderqvist Tore , Röckmann Christine , Schouten Jan-Joost , Petersen Ole , García Raul , Diaz-Simal Pedro , De Bel Mark , Meneses Aja Lucía , Zagonari Fabio , Zanuttigh Barbara , Sarmiento Javier , Giannouli Amerissa , Koundouri Phoebe
Published: January 2016

European oceans are subject to rapid development. New activities such as aquaculture and ocean energy have gained importance. This triggers interest in “multi-use platforms at sea” (MUPS), i.e., areas at sea in which different activities are combined. MUPS are complex features with regards to technology, governance, and financial, socioeconomic, and environmental aspects. To identify realistic and sustainable solutions and designs for MUPS, the MERMAID project applied a participatory design process (PDP) involving a range of stakeholders representing companies, authorities, researchers, and NGOs. This paper evaluates if and how the participatory design process contributed to the design of multi-use platforms. It is based on interviews with the managers of the case study sites and a questionnaire administered to all stakeholders participating in the PDP workshops. Analyzing the four case studies, we conclude that the participatory design process has had a valuable contribution to the development of the four different designs of MUPS, even though the preconditions for carrying out a participatory design process differed between sites. In all four cases, the process has been beneficial in generating new and shared knowledge. It brought new design issues to the table and increased knowledge and understanding among the different stakeholders.
The Potential Benefits and Limitations of Corn Cob and Sewage Sludge Biochars in an Infertile Oxisol
Authors: Deenik Jonathan , Cooney Michael
Published: January 2016

The thermal conversion of sewage sludge to biochar offers a promising alternative use for a hazardous waste material with potential benefits to agricultural productivity and soil quality. Three short-term greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of corn cob (CC) and sewage sludge (SS) biochars, with their anaerobically treated counterparts, on soil properties and plant growth in an infertile Oxisol. The anaerobically treated SS biochar showed the greatest concentration of bioavailable essential nutrients, but treatment only resulted in increased yields for the SS biochar in the first crop in the absence of added fertilizer. Both CC and SS biochars in combination with fertilizer doubled plant growth compared to the control in the first crop cycle, produced no significant effect in the second cycle, and more than tripled plant growth for the SS biochars in the third cycle. High ash content with high nutrient contributions (especially P) and a persistent liming effect explain the benefits of the SS biochars to plant growth. The SS biochar showed promise in mitigating the negative effects of soil Mn toxicity. Sewage sludge biochars reduced Cd bioavailability and had no significant effect on the bioavailability of other potentially toxic metals compared to the control.
The Relation of Shadow Systems and ERP Systems—Insights from a Multiple-Case Study
Authors: Huber Melanie , Zimmermann Stephan , Rentrop Christopher , Felden Carsten
Published: January 2016

ERP systems integrate a major part of all business processes and organizations include them in their IT service management. Besides these formal systems, there are additional systems that are rather stand-alone and not included in the IT management tasks. These so-called ‘shadow systems’ also support business processes but hinder a high enterprise integration. Shadow systems appear during their explicit detection or during software maintenance projects such as enhancements or release changes of enterprise systems. Organizations then have to decide if and to what extent they integrate the identified shadow systems into their ERP systems. For this decision, organizations have to compare the capabilities of each identified shadow system with their ERP systems. Based on multiple-case studies, we provide a dependency approach to enable their comparison. We derive categories for different stages of the dependency and base insights into integration possibilities on these stages. Our results show that 64% of the shadow systems in our case studies are related to ERP systems. This means that they share parts or all of their data and/or functionality with the ERP system. Our research contributes to the field of integration as well as to the discussion about shadow systems.
Les hourds du château de Forges (Concrémiers, Indre) et leur contexte berrichon
Authors: Trézin Christian
Published: January 2016

Une récente analyse archéologique détaillée des vestiges de hourds du château de Forges, étayée par des analyses dendrochronologiques systématiques, a révélé un certain nombre de faits éclairant la question de la fortification des châteaux berrichons au milieu et dans la seconde moitié du XVe siècle. Autorisée en 1442, la construction et la fortification de ce château s'étale en fait globalement sur près de trente ans. La mise en place des hourds fixes sur le logis à quatre tours ne se fera que six années au moins après l'autorisation, relativisant ainsi leur caractère véritablement défensif à une époque où les troubles liés aux Grandes compagnies ont cessé. Leur caractère plus ostentatoire que véritablement militaire est confirmé par la reconstruction à l'identique de l'un d'entre eux vers 1662. Le contexte régional a montré dans la seconde moitié du XVe siècle la fréquence certaine des hourds fixes construits dans les châteaux du Berry selon les mêmes procédés techniques.
Spiro-fused carbohydrate oxazoline ligands: Synthesis and application as enantio-discrimination agents in asymmetric allylic alkylation
Authors: Kraft Jochen , Golkowski Martin , Ziegler Thomas
Published: January 2016

In the present work, we describe a convenient synthesis of spiro-fused D-fructo- and D-psico-configurated oxazoline ligands and their application in asymmetric catalysis. The ligands were synthesized from readily available 3,4,5-tri-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-β-D-fructopyranose and 3,4,5-tri-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-β-D-psicopyranose, respectively. The latter compounds were partially deprotected under acidic conditions followed by condensation with thiocyanic acid to give an anomeric mixture of the corresponding 1,3-oxazolidine-2-thiones. The anomeric 1,3-oxazolidine-2-thiones were separated after successive benzylation, fully characterized and subjected to palladium catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling with 2-pyridineboronic acid N-phenyldiethanolamine ester to give the corresponding 2-pyridyl spiro-oxazoline (PyOx) ligands. The spiro-oxazoline ligands showed high asymmetric induction (up to 93% ee) when applied as chiral ligands in palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of 1,3-diphenylallyl acetate with dimethyl malonate. The D-fructo-PyOx ligand provided mainly the (R)-enantiomer while the D-psico-configurated ligand gave the (S)-enantiomer with a lower enantiomeric excess.
DYNAMICAL MASSES OF YOUNG STARS. I. DISCORDANT MODEL AGES OF UPPER SCORPIUS
Authors: Rizzuto Aaron C. , Ireland Michael J. , Dupuy Trent J. , Kraus Adam L.
Published: January 2016

We present the results of a long-term orbit monitoring program, using sparse aperture masking observations taken with NIRC2 on the Keck-II telescope, of seven G- to M-type members of the Upper Scorpius subgroup of the Sco–Cen OB association. We present astrometry and derived orbital elements of the binary systems we have monitored, and also determine the age, component masses, distance, and reddening for each system using the orbital solutions and multi-band photometry, including Hubble Space Telescope photometry, and a Bayesian fitting procedure. We find that the models can be forced into agreement with any individual system by assuming an age, but that age is not consistent across the mass range of our sample. The G-type binary systems in our sample have model ages of ∼11.5 Myr, which is consistent with the latest age estimates for Upper Scorpius, while the M-type binary systems have significantly younger model ages of ∼7 Myr. Based on our fits, this age discrepancy in the models corresponds to a luminosity underprediction of 0.8–0.15 dex, or equivalently an effective temperature overprediction of 100–300 K for M-type stars at a given pre-main-sequence age. We also find that the M-type binary system RXJ 1550.0-2312 has an age (∼16 Myr) and distance (∼85 pc) consistent with membership in the Upper Centaurus Lupus subgroup.
MODELS OF THE η CORVI DEBRIS DISK FROM THE KECK INTERFEROMETER, SPITZER, AND HERSCHEL
Authors: Lebreton J. , Beichman C. , Bryden G. , Defrère D. , Mennesson B. , Millan-Gabet R. , Boccaletti A.
Published: January 2016

Debris disks are signposts of analogs to small-body populations of the solar system, often, however, with much higher masses and dust production rates. The disk associated with the nearby star η Crv is especially striking, as it shows strong mid- and far-infrared excesses despite an age of ∼1.4 Gyr. We undertake constructing a consistent model of the system that can explain a diverse collection of spatial and spectral data. We analyze Keck Interferometer Nuller measurements and revisit Spitzer and additional spectrophotometric data, as well as resolved Herschel images, to determine the dust spatial distribution in the inner exozodi and in the outer belt. We model in detail the two-component disk and the dust properties from the sub-AU scale to the outermost regions by fitting simultaneously all measurements against a large parameter space. The properties of the cold belt are consistent with a collisional cascade in a reservoir of ice-free planetesimals at 133 AU. It shows marginal evidence for asymmetries along the major axis. KIN enables us to establish that the warm dust consists of a ring that peaks between 0.2 and 0.8 AU. To reconcile this location with the ∼400 K dust temperature, very high albedo dust must be invoked, and a distribution of forsterite grains starting from micron sizes satisfies this criterion, while providing an excellent fit to the spectrum. We discuss additional constraints from the LBTI and near-infrared spectra, and we present predictions of what James Webb Space Telescope can unveil about this unusual object and whether it can detect unseen planets.
THE LEECH EXOPLANET IMAGING SURVEY: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE COLDEST DIRECTLY IMAGED EXOPLANET, GJ 504 b, AND EVIDENCE FOR SUPERSTELLAR METALLICITY*
Authors: Skemer Andrew J. , Morley Caroline V. , Zimmerman Neil T. , Skrutskie Michael F. , Leisenring Jarron , Buenzli Esther , Bonnefoy Mickael , Bailey Vanessa , Hinz Philip , Defrére Denis , Esposito Simone , Apai Dániel , Biller Beth , Brandner Wolfgang , Close Laird , Crepp Justin R. , De Rosa Robert J. , Desidera Silvano , Eisner Josh , Fortney Jonathan , Freedman Richard , Henning Thomas , Hofmann Karl-Heinz , Kopytova Taisiya , Lupu Roxana , Maire Anne-Lise , Males Jared R. , Marley Mark , Morzinski Katie , Oza Apurva , Patience Jenny , Rajan Abhijith , Rieke George , Schertl Dieter , Schlieder Joshua , Stone Jordan , Su Kate , Vaz Amali , Visscher Channon , Ward-Duong Kimberly , Weigelt Gerd , Woodward Charles E.
Published: January 2016

As gas giant planets and brown dwarfs radiate away the residual heat from their formation, they cool through a spectral type transition from L to T, which encompasses the dissipation of cloud opacity and the appearance of strong methane absorption. While there are hundreds of known T-type brown dwarfs, the first generation of directly imaged exoplanets were all L type. Recently, Kuzuhara et al. announced the discovery of GJ 504 b, the first T dwarf exoplanet. GJ 504 b provides a unique opportunity to study the atmosphere of a new type of exoplanet with a ∼500 K temperature that bridges the gap between the first directly imaged planets (∼1000 K) and our own solar system's Jupiter (∼130 K). We observed GJ 504 b in three narrow L-band filters (3.71, 3.88, and 4.00 μm), spanning the red end of the broad methane fundamental absorption feature (3.3 μm) as part of the LBTI Exozodi Exoplanet Common Hunt (LEECH) exoplanet imaging survey. By comparing our new photometry and literature photometry with a grid of custom model atmospheres, we were able to fit GJ 504 b's unusual spectral energy distribution for the first time. We find that GJ 504 b is well fit by models with the following parameters: T
eff = 544 ± 10 K, g < 600 m s−2, [M/H] = 0.60 ± 0.12, cloud opacity parameter of f
sed = 2–5, R = 0.96 ± 0.07 R
Jup, and log(L) = −6.13 ± 0.03 L
⊙, implying a hot start mass of 3–30 M
jup for a conservative age range of 0.1–6.5 Gyr. Of particular interest, our model fits suggest that GJ 504 b has a superstellar metallicity. Since planet formation can create objects with nonstellar metallicities, while binary star formation cannot, this result suggests that GJ 504 b formed like a planet, not like a binary companion.
THE JCMT GOULD BELT SURVEY: A FIRST LOOK AT DENSE CORES IN ORION B
Authors: Kirk H. , Francesco J. Di , Johnstone D. , Duarte-Cabral A. , Sadavoy S. , Hatchell J. , Mottram J. C. , Buckle J. , Berry D. S. , Broekhoven-Fiene H. , Currie M. J. , Fich M. , Jenness T. , Nutter D. , Pattle K. , Pineda J. E. , Quinn C. , Salji C. , Tisi S. , Hogerheijde M. R. , Ward-Thompson D. , Bastien P. , Bresnahan D. , Butner H. , Chen M. , Chrysostomou A. , Coude S. , Davis C. J. , Drabek-Maunder E. , Fiege J. , Friberg P. , Friesen R. , Fuller G. A. , Graves S. , Greaves J. , Gregson J. , Holland W. , Joncas G. , Kirk J. M. , Knee L. B. G. , Mairs S. , Marsh K. , Matthews B. C. , Moriarty-Schieven G. , Mowat C. , Rawlings J. , Richer J. , Robertson D. , Rosolowsky E. , Rumble D. , Thomas H. , Tothill N. , Viti S. , White G. J. , Wouterloot J. , Yates J. , Zhu M.
Published: January 2016

We present a first look at the SCUBA-2 observations of three sub-regions of the Orion B molecular cloud: LDN 1622, NGC 2023/2024, and NGC 2068/2071, from the JCMT Gould Belt Legacy Survey. We identify 29, 564, and 322 dense cores in L1622, NGC 2023/2024, and NGC 2068/2071 respectively, using the SCUBA-2 850 μm map, and present their basic properties, including their peak fluxes, total fluxes, and sizes, and an estimate of the corresponding 450 μm peak fluxes and total fluxes, using the FellWalker source extraction algorithm. Assuming a constant temperature of 20 K, the starless dense cores have a mass function similar to that found in previous dense core analyses, with a Salpeter-like slope at the high-mass end. The majority of cores appear stable to gravitational collapse when considering only thermal pressure; indeed, most of the cores which have masses above the thermal Jeans mass are already associated with at least one protostar. At higher cloud column densities, above 1–2 × 1023 cm−2, most of the mass is found within dense cores, while at lower cloud column densities, below 1 × 1023 cm−2, this fraction drops to 10% or lower. Overall, the fraction of dense cores associated with a protostar is quite small (<8%), but becomes larger for the densest and most centrally concentrated cores. NGC 2023/2024 and NGC 2068/2071 appear to be on the path to forming a significant number of stars in the future, while L1622 has little additional mass in dense cores to form many new stars.
RECONCILING AGN-STAR FORMATION, THE SOLTAN ARGUMENT, AND MEIER’S PARADOX
Authors: Garofalo David , Kim Matthew I. , Christian Damian J. , Hollingworth Emily , Lowery Aaron , Harmon Matthew
Published: January 2016

We provide a theoretical context for understanding the recent work of Kalfountzou et al. showing that star formation is enhanced at lower optical luminosity in radio-loud quasars. Our proposal for coupling the assumption of collimated FRII quasar-jet-induced star formation with lower accretion optical luminosity also explains the observed jet power peak in active galaxies at higher redshift compared to the peak in accretion power, doing so in a way that predicts the existence of a family of radio-quiet active galactic nuclei associated with rapidly spinning supermassive black holes at low redshift, as mounting observations suggest. The relevance of this work lies in its promise to explain the observed cosmological evolution of accretion power, jet power, and star formation in a way that is both compatible with the Soltan argument and resolves the so-called “Meier Paradox.”
Toponimia del balad de Pamplona en la campaña de ‘Abd al-Raḥmān III del año 312/924
Authors: Lorenzo Jesús
Published: January 2016

En el año 924, un ejército dirigido por el emir ‘Abd al-Raḥmān III cruzaba las fronteras del incipiente Reino de Pamplona y sometía su territorio a devastación. Dos cronistas, ‘Arīb b. Sa‘īd e Ibn Ḥayyān, recogieron en sus textos los nombres de varios de los lugares asolados. La aparición de la edición y traducción del texto de ‘Arīb a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX tuvo un peso muy destacado: primero, porque sirvieron de base para la aparición de estudios centrados en la identificación de los topónimos, pero además, por su influencia en la edición y traducción del texto de Ibn Ḥayyān, publicada décadas más tarde. El cotejo del texto manuscrito de ‘Arīb con su edición, sin embargo, nos ha permitido constatar que existen importantes diferencias entre los topónimos que figuran en uno y otro. El objetivo de estas páginas es el de restituir los topónimos a su forma original manuscrita a fin de posibilitar nuevas hipótesis de identificación.
Collegium Melitense: Una misión fronteriza en la confluencia entre el mundo cristiano y el musulmán
Authors: Cassar Carmel
Published: January 2016

En 1554 Ignacio de Loyola se dio cuenta del gran potencial que constituía la isla de Malta como punto de partida desde el que construir puentes con el Magreb musulmán. La asociación de la lengua maltesa con el árabe convenció todavía más a la Curia Jesuita y a la Santa Sede, para “privilegiar” a Malta como una base ideal para la evangelización del norte de África. Sin embargo, con el tiempo, el Collegium se vio mucho más abocado a predicar y a llevar a cabo actividades misioneras en la propia Malta. El presente estudio, basado en investigación realizada en la Curia Jesuita en Roma, analiza la actividad jesuita en Malta desde finales del siglo XVI hasta 1768, cuando los jesuitas fueron expulsados. Durante este periodo de casi dos siglos, el papel jugado por Malta tuvo que ver con su proximidad con el norte de África, así como el hecho de que los malteses eran hablantes nativos de una lengua semítica, que se creía cercana al árabe, pero a la vez fervientes catálicos. La Curia Jesuita parece haber usado a Malta como base de su actividad misionera a y desde Levante.
“Como los hebreos en España”: El encuentro de los jesuitas con los musulmanes y el problema del cambio cultural
Authors: Ben-Dor Benite Zvi
Published: January 2016

Este trabajo trata de las posibilidades del cambio cultural en los escritos de Matteo Ricci. Para poder conocer mejor esta cuestión, este estudio discute diversos aspectos de la percepción de Matteo Ricci sobre el Islam y los musulmanes en China, identificando los momentos en los que cambia. He podido mostrar cómo, a lo largo del tiempo, Ricci desarrolló una percepción cada vez más matizada del Islam en China, pero sostengo que sus opiniones se mantuvieron bastante fijas debido a su falta de diálogo con los musulmanes de esa zona. Esta percepción tiene mucho que ver con los limitados puntos de vista del Islam en la Europa mediterránea moderna. Conocer estas limitaciones, sugiero, nos podrá ayudar a desarrollar nuevos enfoques sobre la investigación de la religión en China.
El cuerpo musulmán en el imaginario jesuita barroco
Authors: Shore Paul
Published: January 2016

Los jesuitas de los siglos XVII y XVIII, incluso los que vivían relativamente cerca a tierras islámicas, no tenían a menudo un conocimiento personal de los musulmanes. Sin embargo, la figura del musulmán fue cobrando mucha importancia en el imaginario jesuita del Barroco. Puesto que la formación jesuita consistía en la visualización de los eventos y las personas, aunque sin haber sido vistas, los jesuitas de este período se encontraban en una situación muy especial para la construcción de un Musulmán imaginario, tomado de las traducciones del Corán, de obras de arte, incluyendo ilustraciones de libros, y de los patrones y símbolos de los emblemas jesuitas. Este ensayo explora cómo la visualización del cuerpo del musulmán en el barroco jesuita fue influida por estos factores, y también por otros fenómenos surgidos del ámbito europeo, como la literatura turca.
La metrología histórica como herramienta para la Arqueología de la Arquitectura. La experiencia en los Reales Alcázares de Sevilla
Authors: Jiménez Hernández Alejandro
Published: January 2016

La caracterización métrica de materiales de construcción, estructuras y edificios asociada a los distintos sistemas de pesas y medidas históricos es una potente herramienta para la adscripción cultural y cronológica, como muestra su aplicación práctica en el Real Alcázar de Sevilla. El análisis dimensional de diversos ejemplos de arquitectura islámica nos muestra la difusión del sistema de medidas islámico en todos los territorios bajo su dominio.
Metalurgia medieval aplicada a la construcción. Las rejas góticas de la Catedral de Barcelona
Authors: Auladell Marquès Jordi , Simon Arias Júlia
Published: January 2016

En la Catedral de Barcelona se mantienen en uso diversas rejas contemporáneas a la construcción gótica original, elaboradas con estructura de hierro o acero y apliques decorativos de aleación de cobre. Previas a los avances en calidad y productividad de las innovaciones del método catalán del s. XVII, se ha considerado de interés identificar el nivel tecnológico aplicado mediante su estudio metalográfico. El análisis ha consistido en la obtención de muestras para su observación en microscopía óptica y electrónica (SEM), microdurometría y microanálisis (EDAX). De forma genérica, los resultados evidencian un metal adecuado con su funcionalidad y pragmatismo de coste, con calidad de acero hipoeutectoide, utilización de soldadura por capas y singular resistencia a la corrosión. Los ornamentos, de bronce y latón, son suficientemente maleables para facilitar al máximo el detalle artístico y presentan indicios evidentes de reutilización.
Caracterización constructiva de las fábricas de tapia en las fortificaciones almohades del antiguo Reino de Sevilla
Authors: Canivell Jacinto , Graciani García Amparo
Published: January 2016

La mayor parte del patrimonio monumental andaluz construido en tierra corresponde a edificaciones militares levantadas en tapial entre los siglos XII al XV. Las del Antiguo Reino de Sevilla constituyen un grupo muy significativo, muchas de las cuales han sido objeto de intervenciones en las últimas décadas. En este trabajo se determinan, analizan y evalúan los principales rasgos técnicos y métricos de las fábricas de tapia de este ámbito espacial de época almohade, con un triple fin: aportar directrices que garanticen una restauración coherente y respetuosa con el bien patrimonial, avanzar en el conocimiento de los usos históricos de esta técnica constructiva y plantear hipótesis en relación a fábricas de adscripción cronológica incierta. Para ello, se implementa la metodología propuesta por los autores en trabajos precedentes.
Un conjunto constructivo altomedieval. Quintanilla de Las Viñas y las iglesias con cúpulas sobre pechinas de piedra toba de las provincias de Álava, La Rioja y Burgos
Authors: Caballero Zoreda Luis
Published: January 2016

Se estudian las formas arquitectónicas y estructurales, conservadas o arruinadas, los usos constructivos y las soluciones decorativas empleados en el conjunto formado por las iglesias con cúpulas sobre pechinas de piedra toba de las provincias de Álava, La Rioja y Burgos. Primero se analizan los edificios; en segundo lugar, la producción constructiva y decorativa; y finalmente, con los datos obtenidos, se argumenta la datación del conjunto en época altomedieval, entre la segunda mitad del s. IX e inicios del s. X. Estos sistemas arquitectónicos, constructivos y decorativos suponen la existencia de varios grupos productivos que conformaron un conjunto unitario durante el tiempo y en el territorio en que estuvo activo.
La articulación del espacio doméstico en las casas de patio central. Un estudio para el Noreste peninsular ibérico entre los siglos IV - II a. C.
Authors: Fernández García Gloria
Published: January 2016

Presentamos un estudio comparativo diacrónico a través de la metodología analítica de la sintaxis espacial de un conjunto de casas de patio del este de la Península Ibérica datadas entre el siglo IV y el II a. C., periodo anterior e inmediatamente posterior al inicio de la conquista romana de esta región. Estas grandes casas complejas y con patio han sido interpretadas como las residencias de grupos minoritarios y poderosos: las aristocracias locales. A partir de esta idea trataremos de conocer el comportamiento y evolución de esta clase social durante el periodo de cambio que abordamos. La aplicación de un análisis sintáctico del espacio sobre una serie de casos nos ha permitido conocer las diferentes connotaciones que pueden adquirir las casas con patio. La principal diferencia entre las casas prerromanas e hispanorromanas está marcada por la mayor complejidad sintáctica de las primeras, que procede de las formas de la tradición indígena.
Las residencias Moches: un primer análisis de la sintaxis espacial en las huacas del Sol y de la Luna, Perú
Authors: Castillo Luján Feren Alexard
Published: January 2016

Este trabajo muestra las primeras aproximaciones obtenidas del uso de la sintaxis espacial en viviendas del tipo residencial en la antigua ciudad Moche (s. VII-IX d. C.). Los estudios realizados en el sitio de huacas del Sol y de la Luna han permitido entender que durante los últimos siglos de ocupación, el sistema teocrático colapsó y se inició un cambio hacia un nuevo sistema político e ideológico por parte de las nuevas elites gobernantes. Los análisis realizados han permitido entender la lógica del espacio construido en tres viviendas complejas y que muestran un alto entendimiento de jerarquía y distribución espacial por parte de sus antiguos habitantes. Evidentemente el uso de la Arqueología de la Arquitectura en sociedades como la Moche necesita mayores estudios, puesto que, estas viviendas presentan divisiones internas muy complejas, donde la unidad espacial no siempre funciona de manera independiente, sino que en muchos casos se articulan con otras constituyendo un espacio funcional complejo.
Une définition territoriale de l’acceptabilité sociale : pièges et défis conceptuels
Authors: Fournis Yann , Fortin Marie-José
Published: January 2016

Notion embarrassante, l’« acceptabilité sociale » gagne progressivement en crédibilité à la fois en termes scientifiques et sociaux. Au Québec, des recherches dynamiques permettent, dans une certaine mesure, d’en offrir une définition dépassant une part de ses biais initiaux pour explorer certaines dynamiques de la crise actuelle du modèle de développement lié aux ressources naturelles dans la Province. En particulier, elle peut mettre en évidence la dé-légitimation d’un certain type historique de développement économique (qui n’est plus acceptable d’emblée) et les vifs débats de société que cette crise implique lors de la mise en œuvre de certains grands projets. En ce sens, la notion permet de réexaminer avantageusement les rapports entre technologie et territoire, à condition de privilégier une acception dynamique et souple (en termes d’« acceptabilité » et non d’« acceptation »), politique (et non fonctionnaliste) et spécifiquement territoriale (et non générique ou abstraite). Sur cette base, nous proposons une grille d’analyse des processus à l’œuvre dans l’évaluation collective d’un projet au sein d’un territoire, distinguant trois échelles (macro-économique, meso-politique et micro-sociale). Articulant les orientations historiques de développement, les luttes de légitimité et les controverses et négociations socio-techniques, cette définition entend prendre au sérieux l’un des grands oubliés du développement économique : les territoires, pour examiner s’ils peuvent se constituer en acteur de leur développement
L’expérimentation sociotechnique fondée sur les sciences comportementales : Un instrument au service de la production de l’acceptabilité sociale ?
Authors: Granier Benoit
Published: January 2016

Dans la continuité de sa mobilisation par les praticiens, la notion d’acceptabilité sociale suscite depuis quelques années un intérêt croissant, combiné à un certain embarras, auprès des chercheurs en sciences sociales. Cet article contribue aux efforts récents de clarification et de questionnement de cette notion à partir d’un programme national d’expérimentation sociotechnique consacré aux réseaux électriques « intelligents » au Japon. Bien que quatre « Smart Communities » aient été sélectionnées pour porter cette expérimentation, ce cas d’étude présente la spécificité d’être impulsé par l’État japonais. Elles s’inscrivent dans la stratégie nationale de production de l’acceptabilité sociale des réseaux électriques « intelligents » et des nombreux produits, équipements et services qui leurs sont associés. Cet article analyse les dispositifs concrets mis en œuvre dans le cadre de ces expérimentations, en prêtant une attention particulière aux savoirs sur lesquels ils se fondent. Les Smart Communities mobilisent les résultats des sciences du comportement (psychologie sociale, économie comportementale) et les techniques du marketing afin de s’assurer de l’acceptation à la fois passive et active des usagers. Le recours à l’expérimentation constitue un mode de production de l’acceptabilité sociale hybride et s’inscrit également dans un processus plus large de gouvernementalisation des pratiques qui consomment de l’énergie, qui n’est paradoxalement pas adossé à une argumentation écologique.
Quelle réception sociale pour l’ingénierie écologique industrielle ?
Authors: Amalric Marion , Cirelli Claudia , Larrue Corinne
Published: January 2016

Parmi les fonctions écologiques des zones humides, celle d’épurer les eaux est reproduite dans des zones de rejet végétalisées (ZRV), placées en sortie de station d’épuration. Au sein de ces méthodes épuratoires, un prototype original répond au double enjeu de tirer parti de l’intérêt écologique des milieux humides et de contrôler des processus naturels associés à la création de la biodiversité. L’industriel qui l’a conçu vise à développer un produit standardisé aux traitements garantis et au fort potentiel « vert ». Des chercheurs en sciences sociales ont été sollicités pour rendre compte des représentations sociales des acteurs concernés par ce « produit » et proposer une étude de la « réception sociale » par les habitants et les élus de dispositifs « socio-techniques ». Pour ce faire, une méthode qualitative reposant sur des focus groups, outil particulièrement adapté à l’élicitation des représentations est adoptée. La thèse principale est que si la zone humide artificielle peut faire l’objet d’une adhésion de principe de la part des acteurs locaux, son insertion socio-territoriale est un processus plus complexe qui implique la prise en compte d’autres facteurs (économiques, sociaux, paysagers…) et à des échelles diverses. La présentation des différents facteurs de réception sociale des ZRV permet de détailler les facteurs d’adhésion et de rejets. Ils sont mis en regard avec les intentions des industriels investis dans le projet, montrant que les arguments de la biodiversité et d’une politique « verte » ne rencontrent qu’un faible écho auprès des populations interrogées. Ces derniers valorisent plus volontiers le caractère innovant du dispositif et sa participation aux dynamiques territoriales.
Conflits et stratégies d’acceptabilité sociale autour des énergies marines renouvelables sur le littoral français
Authors: Oiry Annaig
Published: January 2016

L’océan mondial possède un important potentiel en termes de ressources énergétiques renouvelables, et les territoires littoraux français sont particulièrement propices au développement des parcs éoliens offshore et des sites d’exploitation de l’énergie hydrolienne. Pourtant, la multiplicité d’usages aux pratiques parfois contradictoires génère de nombreux conflits en zone côtière : aux activités « traditionnelles » (tourisme, pêche professionnelle, etc.) se superposent l’intensification de certaines pratiques (comme l’extraction de granulats marins) ou le développement de nouvelles activités (énergies marines renouvelables, aquaculture offshore, etc.). Cet article insiste sur le lien entre ces conflits d’usages et les stratégies d’acceptabilité développées par les porteurs de projets en ce qui concerne les énergies marines renouvelables. L’acceptabilité sociale de ces énergies engendre notamment des questions concernant les instances de concertation ou encore la pratique de compensations pour les acteurs qui perçoivent une modification de leurs intérêts.
Mesurer l’acceptabilité sociale d’un projet minier : essai de modélisation du risque social en contexte québécois
Authors: Bergeron Kristina Maud , Jébrak Michel , Yates Stéphanie , Séguin Charles , Lehmann Valérie , Le Meur Pierre-Yves , Angers Philippe , Durand Suzanne , Gendron Corinne
Published: January 2016

L’acceptabilité sociale des projets miniers constitue un enjeu majeur pour l’industrie extractive. La littérature qui traite de la notion d’acceptabilité sociale en lien avec le monde minier se décline autour du concept de permis social d’opérer, c’est-à-dire comme un moyen d’éviter les perturbations susceptibles de compromettre les activités extractives. Cette vision réductrice transpose dans l’espace sociétal la dynamique d’implantation des projets miniers. De plus, la notion même d’acceptabilité sociale pose des difficultés de définition et de mesure. En nous inscrivant dans le monde de la pratique, nous proposons un indice visant à déterminer les risques de développement de conflits de l’entreprise avec la collectivité locale lors des premières étapes du développement des ressources minérales, au début de l’exploration avancée. Il s’applique au Québec. Le modèle utilisé repose sur une description analytique des principaux déterminants des conflits, s’articulant autour de trois pôles structurants : communauté(s) en présence, entreprise promouvant le projet, nature intrinsèque du projet minier et de son milieu naturel. Un questionnaire visant à qualifier la dynamique de communication vient compléter l’évaluation de la situation, tout en laissant davantage place aux perceptions. Les différentes variables sont pondérées et combinées afin d’obtenir un indice de risque social. L’indice est utilisable par les investisseurs, les entreprises minières, les communautés et les gouvernements. Il facilite l’identification des aspects pouvant générer plus de risque social, et le développement de dialogue entre les parties prenantes. Cet article reflète la perspective interdisciplinaire adoptée pour mener à bien le projet.
Réflexion sur la notion de services écologiques : étude de cas à Kotoudéni (Burkina Faso)
Authors: Bene Ali , Fournier Anne
Published: January 2016

La notion de « services écosystémiques » a été introduite dans un but de conservation pour éclairer les liens entre la dynamique de la biodiversité et les valeurs que les humains lui accordent. L’article examine comment les propos des habitants d’un village de la province du Kénédougou au Burkina Faso, Kotoudéni, peuvent être traduits en termes de services écosystémiques. Des enquêtes semi-structurées menées auprès de 23 personnes ont eu pour but de situer socialement les interlocuteurs et de susciter leur discours sur les divers espaces de leur terroir, leur importance relative, les utilisations propres à chacun, mais également sur les religions, la « tradition » et les changements environnementaux et sociaux en cours. L’analyse de ces discours a permis de dégager une conception locale et paysanne des « services écosystémiques » qui a été confrontée aux catégories de la classification du MEA (2005). Les usages matériels mentionnés correspondent assez bien aux catégories du MEA, mais le principal service rendu par les écosystèmes est d’ordre spirituel : organiser le monde et assurer son harmonie par l’intermédiaire d’êtres invisibles (ancêtres et génies). Vouloir faire entrer ce service spirituel dans la catégorie des services culturels revient à le défigurer et à en nier la portée. La conclusion est qu’une telle catégorisation standardisée ne peut permettre de rendre compte des services culturels : pour ceux-ci le recours à des approches plus large de type anthropologique reste nécessaire.