bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On infinite deficiency in 𝑅^{∞}-manifolds
Authors: Liem Vo Thanh
Published: July 2010

Using the notion of inductive proper

q
−
1
−

LCC

q - 1 - {\text {LCC}}

introduced in this note, we will prove the following theorems. Theorem 1. Let

M
M

be an

R
∞

{R^\infty }

-manifold and let

H
:
X
×
I
→
M

H:X \times I \to M

be a homotopy such that

H
0

{H_0}

and

H
1

{H_1}

are

R
∞

{R^\infty }

-deficient embeddings. Then, there is a homeomorphism

F
F

of

M
M

such that

F
∘

H
0

=

H
1

F \circ {H_0} = {H_1}

. Moreover, if

H
H

is limited by an open cover

α
\alpha

of

M
M

and is stationary on a closed subset

X
0

{X_0}

of

X
X

and

W
0

{W_0}

is an open neighborhood of
\[

H
[
(
X
−

X
0

)
×
I
]

i
n

M
,

H[(X - {X_0}) \times I] \quad {in\;M,}

\]
then we can choose

F
F

to also be

St
4

⁡
(
α
)

\operatorname {St}^4(\alpha )

-close to the identity and to be the identity on

X
˙

0

∪
(
M
−

W
0

)

\dot X_{0} \cup (M - {W_0})

. Theorem 2. Every closed, locally

R
∞

(

Q
∞

)

{R^\infty }({Q^\infty })

-deficient subset of an

R
∞

(

Q
∞

)

{R^\infty }({Q^\infty })

-manifold

M
M

is

R
∞

(

Q
∞

)

{R^\infty }({Q^\infty })

-deficient in

M
M

. Consequently, every closed, locally compact subset of

M
M

is

R
∞

(

Q
∞

)

{R^\infty }({Q^\infty })

-deficient in

M
M

.
Invariant means on an ideal
Authors: Talagrand Michel
Published: July 2010

Let

G
G

be a compact abelian group and

Q
Q

an invariant ideal of

L
∞

(
G
)

{L^\infty }(G)

. Let

M
Q

{M_Q}

be the set of invariant means

ν
\nu

on

L
∞

(
G
)

{L^\infty }(G)

that are zero on

Q
Q

, that is

ν
(

χ
A

)
=
1

\nu ({\chi _A}) = 1

for

χ
A

∈
Q

{\chi _A} \in Q

. We show that

M
Q

{M_Q}

is very large in the sense that a nonempty

G
δ

{G_\delta }

subset of

M
Q

{M_Q}

must contain a copy of

β

N

\beta {\mathbf {N}}

. Let

E
Q

{E_Q}

be the set of extreme points of

M
Q

{M_Q}

. We show that its closure is very small in the sense that it contains no nonempty

G
δ

{G_\delta }

of

M
Q

{M_Q}

. We also show that

E
Q

{E_Q}

is topologically very irregular in the sense that it contains no nonempty

G
δ

{G_\delta }

of its closure. The proofs are based on delicate constructions which rely on combinatorial type properties of abelian groups. Assume now that

G
G

is locally compact, noncompact, nondiscrete and countable at infinity. Let

M
M

be the set of invariant means on

L
∞

(
G
)

{L^\infty }(G)

and

M
t

{M_t}

, the set of topologically invariant means. We show that

M
t

{M_t}

is very small in

M
M

. More precisely, each nonempty

G
δ

{G_\delta }

subset of

M
M

contains a

ν
\nu

such that

ν
(
f
)
=
1

\nu (f) = 1

for some

f
∈
C
(
G
)

f \in C(G)

]> with

0
⩽
f
⩽
1

0 \leqslant f \leqslant 1

and the support of

f
f

has a finite measure. Under continuum hypothesis, we also show that there exists points in

M
t

{M_t}

which are extremal in

M
M

(but, in general,

M
t

{M_t}

is not a face of

M
M

, that is, not all the extreme points of

M
t

{M_t}

are extremal in

M
M

).
Decompositions into codimension-two manifolds
Authors: Daverman R. J. , Walsh J. J.
Published: July 2010

Let

M
M

denote an orientable

(
n
+
2
)

(n + 2)

-manifold and let

G
G

denote an upper semicontinuous decomposition of

M
M

into continua having the shape of closed, orientable

n
n

-manifolds. The main result establishes that the decomposition space

M

/

G

M/G

is a

2
2

-manifold.
Multipliers on weighted 𝐿_{𝑝}-spaces over certain totally disconnected groups
Authors: Onneweer C. W.
Published: July 2010

Let

G
G

be a locally compact totally disconnected group with a suitable sequence of open compact subgroups. We prove a multiplier theorem for certain weighted

L
p

{L_p}

-spaces over

G
G

, which is a generalization of a Hörmander-type multiplier theorem for

L
p

{L_p}

-spaces over a local field, due to Taibleson.
Cubes of conjugacy classes covering the infinite symmetric group
Authors: Droste Manfred
Published: July 2010

Using combinatorial methods, we prove the following theorem on the group

S
S

of all permutations of a countably-infinte set: Whenever

p
∈
S

p \in S

has infinite support without being a fixed-point-free involution, then any

s
∈
S

s \in S

is a product of three conjugates of

p
p

. Furthermore, we present uncountably many new conjugacy classes

C
C

of

S
S

satisfying that any

s
∈
S

s \in S

is a product of two elements of

C
C

. Similar results are shown for permutations of uncountable sets.
Functions of uniformly bounded characteristic on Riemann surfaces
Authors: Yamashita Shinji
Published: July 2010

A characteristic function

T
(
D
,
w
,
f
)

T(D,w,f)

of Shimizu and Ahlfors type for a function

f
f

meromorphic in a Riemann surface

R
R

is defined, where

D
D

is a regular subdomain of

R
R

containing a reference point

w
∈
R

w \in R

. Next we suppose that

R
R

has the Green functions. Letting

T
(
w
,
f
)
=

lim

D
↑
R

T
(
D
,
w
,
f
)

T(w,f) = {\lim _{D \uparrow R}}T(D,w,f)

, we define

f
f

to be of uniformly bounded characteristic in

R
R

,

f
∈

UBC

(
R
)

f \in {\text {UBC}}(R)

in notation, if

sup

w
∈
R

T
(
w
,
f
)
>
∞

{\sup _{w \in R}}T(w,f) > \infty

. We shall propose, among other results, some criteria for

f
f

to be in

UBC

(
R
)

{\text {UBC}}(R)

in various terms, namely, Green’s potentials, harmonic majorants, and counting functions. They reveal that

UBC

(
Δ
)

{\text {UBC}}(\Delta )

for the unit disk

Δ
\Delta

coincides precisely with that introduced in our former work. Many known facts on

UBC

(
Δ
)

{\text {UBC}}(\Delta )

are extended to

UBC

(
R
)

{\text {UBC}}(R)

by various methods. New proofs even for

R
=
Δ

R = \Delta

are found. Some new facts, even for

Δ
\Delta

, are added.
Connected simple systems and the Conley index of isolated invariant sets
Authors: Salamon Dietmar
Published: July 2010

The object of this paper is to present new and simplified proofs for most of the basic results in the index theory for flows. Simple, explicit formulae are derived for the maps which play a central role in the theory. The presentation is self-contained.
On Lipschitz homogeneity of the Hilbert cube
Authors: Hohti Aarno
Published: July 2010

The main contribution of this paper is to prove the conjecture of [Vä] that the Hilbert cube

Q
Q

is Lipschitz homogeneous for any metric

d
s

{d_s}

, where

s
s

is a decreasing sequence of positive real numbers

s
k

{s_k}

converging to zero,

d
s

(
x
,
y
)
=
sup
{

s
k

|

x
k

−

y
k

|

:
k
∈
N
}

{d_s}(x,y) = \sup \{ {s_k}|{x_k} - {y_k}|:k \in N\}

, and

R
(
s
)
=
sup
{

s
k

/

s

k
+
1

:
k
∈
N
}
>
∞

R(s) = \sup \{ {s_k}/{s_{k + 1}}:k \in N\} > \infty

. In addition to other results, we shall show that for every Lipschitz homogeneous compact metric space

X
X

there is a constant

λ
>
∞

\lambda > \infty

such that

X
X

is homogeneous with respect to Lipschitz homeomorphisms whose Lipschitz constants do not exceed

λ
\lambda

. Finally, we prove that the hyperspace

2
I

{2^I}

of all nonempty closed subsets of the unit interval is not Lipschitz homogeneous with respect to the Hausdorff metric.
Descriptive complexity of function spaces
Authors: Lutzer D. , van Mill J. , Pol R.
Published: July 2010

In this paper we show that

C
π

(
X
)

{C_\pi }(X)

, the set of continuous, real-valued functions on

X
X

topologized by the pointwise convergence topology, can have arbitrarily high Borel or projective complexity in

R

X

{{\mathbf {R}}^X}

even when

X
X

is a countable regular space with a unique limit point. In addition we show how to construct countable regular spaces

X
X

for which

C
π

(
X
)

{C_\pi }(X)

lies nowhere in the projective hierarchy of the complete separable metric space

R

X

{{\mathbf {R}}^X}

.
Constant term identities extending the 𝑞-Dyson theorem
Authors: Bressoud D. M. , Goulden I. P.
Published: July 2010

Andrews [1] has conjectured that the constant term in a certain product is equal to a

q
q

-multinomial coefficient. This conjecture is a

q
q

-analogue of Dyson’s conjecture [5], and has been proved, combinatorically, by Zeilberger and Bressoud [15]. In this paper we give a combinatorial proof of a master theorem, that the constant term in a similar product, computed over the edges of a nontransitive tournament, is zero. Many constant terms are evaluated as consequences of this master theorem including Andrews’

q
q

-Dyson theorem in two ways, one of which is a

q
q

-analogue of Good’s [6] recursive proof.
Entropy and knots
Authors: Franks John , Williams R. F.
Published: July 2010

We show that a smooth flow on

S
3

{S^3}

with positive topological entropy must possess periodic closed orbits in infinitely many different knot type equivalence classes.
Cobordism of (𝑘)-framed manifolds
Authors: Micha E.
Published: July 2010

The cobordism theories that arise by considering manifolds whose stable normal bundle has category

k
k

are introduced. Using these theories, we define a new filtration of the homotopy groups of spheres. We study the filtration and obtain an upper bound for the filtration of elements in the stable

n
n

-stem.
The homotopy theory of cyclic sets
Authors: Dwyer W. G. , Hopkins M. J. , Kan D. M.
Published: July 2010

The aim of this note is to show that the homotopy theory of the cyclic sets of Connes [3] is equivalent to that of

SO
⁡
(
2
)

\operatorname {SO} (2)

-spaces (i.e. spaces with a circle action) and hence to that of spaces over

K
(
Z
,
2
)

K(Z,2)

.
Uniqueness for a forward backward diffusion equation
Authors: Lair Alan V.
Published: July 2010

Let

ϕ
\phi

be continuous, have at most finitely many local extrema on any bounded interval, be twice continuously differentiable on any closed interval on which there is no local extremum and be strictly decreasing on any closed interval on which it is decreasing. We show that the initial-boundary value problem for

u
t

=
ϕ

(

u
x

)
x

{u_t} = \phi {({u_x})_x}

with Neumann boundary conditions has at most one smooth solution.
On nonlinear scalar Volterra integral equations. I
Authors: Engler Hans
Published: July 2010

The scalar nonlinear Volterra integral equation
\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="u left-parenthesis t right-parenthesis plus integral Subscript 0 Superscript t Baseline g left-parenthesis t comma s comma u left-parenthesis s right-parenthesis right-parenthesis d s equals f left-parenthesis t right-parenthesis left-parenthesis 0 less-than-or-slanted-equals t right-parenthesis">

u
(
t
)
+

∫
0
t

g
(
t
,
s
,
u
(
s
)
)

d
s
=
f
(
t
)

(
0
⩽
t
)

u(t) + \int _0^t {g(t,s,u(s))\,ds = f(t)\qquad (0 \leqslant t)}

\]
is studied. Conditions are given under which the difference of two solutions can be estimated by the variation of the difference of the corresponding right-hand sides. Criteria for the existence of

lim
u
(
t
)

\lim u(t)

(as

t
→
∞

t \to \infty

) are given, and existence and uniqueness questions are also studied.
The degrees of r.e. sets without the universal splitting property
Authors: Downey R. G.
Published: July 2010

It is shown that every nonzero r.e. degree contains an r.e. set without the universal splitting property. That is, if

δ
\delta

is any r.e. nonzero degree, there exist r.e. sets

∅
>

T

B
>

T

A

\emptyset > {}_TB > {}_TA

with

deg
⁡
(
A
)
=
δ

\deg (A) = \delta

such that if

A
0

⊔

A
1

{A_0} \sqcup {A_1}

is an r.e. splitting of

A
A

, then

A
0

≢

T

B

{A_0}\not \equiv {}_TB

. Some generalizations are discussed.
Remarks on the stability of shock profiles for conservation laws with dissipation
Authors: Pego Robert L.
Published: July 2010

Two remarks are made. The first is to establish the stability of monotone shock profiles of the KdV-Burgers equation, based on an energy method of Goodman. The second remark illustrates, specifically in Burgers’ equation, that uniform rates of decay are not to be expected for perturbations of shock profiles in typical norms.
The BGG resolution, character and denominator formulas, and related results for Kac-Moody algebras
Authors: Neidhardt Wayne
Published: July 2010

Let

g

\mathfrak {g}

be a Kac-Moody algebra defined by a (not necessarily symmetrizable) generalized Cartan matrix. We construct a BGG-type resolution of the irreducible module

L
(
λ
)

L(\lambda )

with dominant integral highest weight

λ
\lambda

, and we use this to obtain character and denominator formulas analogous to those of Weyl. We also determine a condition on the algebra which is sufficient for these formulas to take their classical form, and which implies that the set of defining relations is complete.
On the rational homotopy Lie algebra of a fixed point set of a torus action
Authors: Allday Christopher , Puppe Volker
Published: July 2010

Let

X
X

be a simply connected topological space, and let

L

∗

(
X
)

{\mathcal {L}_{\ast }}(X)

be its rational homotopy Lie algebra. Suppose that a torus acts on

X
X

with fixed points, and suppose that

F
F

is a simply connected component of the fixed point set. If

L

∗

(
X
)

{\mathcal {L}_{\ast }}(X)

is finitely presented and if

F
F

is full, then it is shown that

L

∗

(
F
)

{\mathcal {L}_{\ast }}(F)

is finitely presented, and that the numbers of generators and relations in a minimal presentation of

L

∗

(
F
)

{\mathcal {L}_{\ast }}(F)

do not exceed the numbers of generators and relations (respectively) in a minimal presentation of

L

∗

(
X
)

{\mathcal {L}_{\ast }}(X)

. Various other related results are given.
A formula for Casson’s invariant
Authors: Hoste Jim
Published: July 2010

Suppose

H
H

is a homology

3
3

-sphere obtained by Dehn surgery on a link

L
L

in a homology

3
3

-sphere

M
M

. If every pair of components of

L
L

has zero linking number in

M
M

, then we give a formula for the Casson invariant,

λ
(
H
)

\lambda (H)

, in terms of

λ
(
M
)

\lambda (M)

, the surgery coefficients of

L
L

, and a certain coefficient from each of the Conway polynomials of

L
L

and all its sublinks. A few consequences of this formula are given.
Boundary behavior of a nonparametric surface of prescribed mean curvature near a reentrant corner
Authors: Elcrat Alan R. , Lancaster Kirk E.
Published: July 2010

Let

Ω
\Omega

be an open set in

R

2

{{\mathbf {R}}^2}

which is locally convex at each point of its boundary except one, say

(
0
,
0
)

(0,0)

. Under certain mild assumptions, the solution of a prescribed mean curvature equation on

Ω
\Omega

behaves as follows: All radial limits of the solution from directions in

Ω
\Omega

exist at

(
0
,
0
)

(0,0)

, these limits are not identical, and the limits from a certain half-space

(
H
)

(H)

are identical. In particular, the restriction of the solution to

Ω
∩
H

\Omega \cap H

is the solution of an appropriate Dirichlet problem.
Poisson integrals of regular functions
Authors: Dorronsoro José R.
Published: July 2010

Tangential convergence of Poisson integrals is proved for certain spaces of regular functions which contain the spaces of Bessel potentials of

L
p

{L^p}

functions,

1
>
p
>
∞

1 > p > \infty

, and of functions in the local Hardy space

h
1

{h^1}

, and the corresponding tangential maximal functions are shown to be of strong

p
p

type,

p
⩾
1

p \geqslant 1

.
Dimension-free quasiconformal distortion in 𝑛-space
Authors: Anderson G. D. , Vamanamurthy M. K. , Vuorinen M.
Published: July 2010

Most distortion theorems for

K
K

-quasiconformal mappings in

R

n

{{\mathbf {R}}^n}

,

n
⩾
2

n \geqslant 2

, depend on both

n
n

and

K
K

in an essential way, with bounds that become infinite as

n
n

tends to

∞
\infty

. The present authors obtain dimension-free versions of four well-known distortion theorems for quasiconformal mappings—namely, bounds for the linear dilatation, the Schwarz lemma, the

Θ
\Theta

-distortion theorem, and the

η
\eta

-quasisymmetry property of these mappings. They show that the upper estimates they have obtained in each of these four main results remain bounded as

n
n

tends to

∞
\infty

with

K
K

fixed. The proofs are based on a "dimensioncancellation" property of the function

t
↦

τ

−
1

(
τ
(
t
)

/

K
)
,

t
>
0
,

K
>
0

t \mapsto {\tau ^{ - 1}}(\tau (t)/K),\,t > 0,\,K > 0

, where

τ
(
t
)

\tau (t)

is the capacity of a Teichmüller extremal ring in

R

n

{{\mathbf {R}}^n}

. The authors also prove a dimension-free distortion theorem for the absolute (cross) ratio under

K
K

-quasiconformal mappings of

R

¯

n

{\overline {\mathbf {R}} ^n}

, from which several other distortion theorems follow as special cases.
On the local behavior of Ψ(𝑥,𝑦)
Authors: Hildebrand Adolf
Published: July 2010

Ψ
(
x
,
y
)

\Psi (x,y)

denotes the number of positive integers

⩽
x

\leqslant x

and free of prime factors

>
y

> y

. In the range

y
⩾
exp
⁡
(

(
log
⁡
log
⁡
x

)

5

/

3
+
ε

)

y \geqslant \exp ({(\log \log x)^{5/3 + \varepsilon }})

,

Ψ
(
x
,
y
)

\Psi (x,y)

can be well approximated by a "smooth" function, but for

y
⩽

(
log
⁡
x

)

2
−
ε

y \leqslant {(\log x)^{2 - \varepsilon }}

, this is no longer the case, since then the influence of irregularities in the distribution of primes becomes apparent. We show that

Ψ
(
x
,
y
)

\Psi (x,y)

behaves "locally" more regular by giving a sharp estimate for

Ψ
(
c
x
,
y
)

/

Ψ
(
x
,
y
)

\Psi (cx,y)/\Psi (x,y)

, valid in the range

x
⩾
y
⩾
4
log
⁡
x

x \geqslant y \geqslant 4\log x

,

1
⩽
c
⩽
y

1 \leqslant c \leqslant y

.
On the a.e. convergence of the arithmetic means of double orthogonal series
Authors: Móricz F.
Published: July 2010

The extension of the coefficient test of Menšov and Kaczmarz ensuring the a.e.(C,1,1)(C,1,1)-summability of double orthogonal series has been stated by two authors. Unfortunately, their proofs turned out to be deficient. Now we present a general theory, in the framework of which a complete proof of this test can also be obtained. Besides, we extend the relevant theorems of Kolmogorov and Kaczmarz from single orthogonal series to double ones, establishing the a.e. equiconvergence of the lacunary subsequences of the rectangular partial sums and of the entire sequence of the arithmetic means. The corresponding tests ensuring the a.e.(C,1,0)(C,1,0)and(C,0,1)(C,0,1)-summability are also treated.
All triangles are Ramsey
Authors: Frankl Peter , Rödl Vojtěch
Published: July 2010

Given a triangle

A
B
C

ABC

and an integer

r
r

,

r
⩾
2

r \geqslant 2

, it is shown that for

n
n

sufficiently large and an arbitrary

r
r

-coloring of

R
n

{R^n}

one can find a monochromatic copy of

A
B
C

ABC

.
On generalizing Boy’s surface: constructing a generator of the third stable stem
Authors: Carter J. Scott
Published: July 2010

An analysis of Boy’s immersion of the projective plane in

3
3

-space is given via a collection of planar figures. An analogous construction yields an immersion of the

3
3

-sphere in

4
4

-space which represents a generator of the third stable stem. This immersion has one quadruple point and a closed curve of triple points whose normal matrix is a

3
3

-cycle. Thus the corresponding multiple point invariants do not vanish. The construction is given by way of a family of three dimensional cross sections.
Index filtrations and the homology index braid for partially ordered Morse decompositions
Authors: Franzosa Robert
Published: July 2010

On a Morse decomposition of an invariant set in a flow there are partial orderings defined by the flow. These are called admissible orderings of the Morse decomposition. The index filtrations for a total ordering of a Morse decomposition are generalized in this paper with the definition and proof of existence of index filtrations for admissible partial orderings of a Morse decomposition. It is shown that associated to an index filtration there is a collection of chain complexes and chain maps called the chain complex braid of the index filtration. The homology index braid of the corresponding admissible ordering of the Morse decomposition is obtained by passing to homology in the chain complex braid.
Morse theory for codimension-one foliations
Authors: Ferry Steven C. , Wasserman Arthur G.
Published: July 2010

It is shown that a smooth codimension-one foliation on a compact simply-connected manifold has a compact leaf if and only if every smooth real-valued function on the manifold has a cusp singularity.
Dense imbedding of test functions in certain function spaces
Authors: Renardy Michael
Published: July 2010

In a recent paper [1], J. U. Kim studies the Cauchy problem for the motion of a Bingham fluid in

R
2

{R^2}

. He points out that the extension of his results to three dimensions depends on proving the denseness of

C
∞

{C^\infty }

-functions with compact support in certain spaces. In this note, such a result is proved.
On Brownian excursions in Lipschitz domains. I. Local path properties
Authors: Burdzy Krzysztof , Williams Ruth J.
Published: July 2010

A necessary and sufficient condition is given for a Brownian excursion law in a Lipschitz domain to share the local path properties with an excursion law in a halfspace. This condition is satisfied for all boundary points of every

C

1
,
α

{C^{1,\alpha }}

-domain,

α
>
0

\alpha > 0

. There exists a

C
1

{C^1}

-domain such that the condition is satisfied almost nowhere on the boundary. A probabilistic interpretation and applications to minimal thinness and boundary behavior of Green functions are given.
Locally geodesically quasiconvex functions on complete Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Yamaguchi Takao
Published: July 2010

In this article, we investigate the topological structure of complete Riemannian manifolds admitting locally geodesically quasiconvex functions, whose family includes all geodesically convex functions. The existence of a locally geodesically quasiconvex function is equivalent to the existence of a certain filtration by locally convex sets. Our argument contains Morse theory for the lower limit function of a given locally geodesically quasiconvex function.
On the Cauchy problem associated with the motion of a Bingham fluid in the plane
Authors: Kim Jong Uhn
Published: July 2010

This paper discusses an initial value problem for the variational inequality which describes the motion of a Bingham fluid in the plane. The existence of strong solution is established.
Fixed sets of framed 𝐺-manifolds
Authors: Waner Stefan
Published: July 2010

This note describes restrictions on the framed bordism class of a framed manifold

Y
Y

in order that it be the fixed set of some framed

G
G

-manifold

M
M

with

G
G

a finite group. These results follow from a recently proved generalization of the Segal conjecture, and imply, in particular, that if

M
M

is a framed

G
G

-manifold of sufficiently high dimension, and if

G
G

is a

p
p

-group, then the number of “noncancelling” fixed points is either zero or approaches infinity as the dimension of

M
M

goes to infinity. Conversely, we give sufficient conditions on the framed bordism class of a manifold

Y
Y

that it be the fixed set of some framed

G
G

-manifold

M
M

of arbitrarily high dimension.
Selective Association of Peroxiredoxin 1 with Genomic DNA and COX-2 Upstream Promoter Elements in Estrogen Receptor Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Xuemei , He Shihua , Sun Jian-Min , Delcuve Geneviève P. , Davie James R.
Published: July 2010

In a search for proteins differentially cross-linked to DNA by cisplatin or formaldehyde in normal breast epithelial and breast cancer cell lines, we identified peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) as a protein preferentially cross-linked to DNA in estrogen receptor negative (ER−) MDA-MB-231 but not in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) MCF7 breast cancer cells. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopic analyses showed that PRDX1 was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus of normal and breast cancer cells, with nuclear PRDX1 associated with promyelocytic leukemia protein bodies. We demonstrated that PRDX1 association with the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in MDA-MB-231 but not in MCF7 cells contributed to PRDX1-selective recruitment to MDA-MB-231 genomic DNA. Furthermore, PRDX1 was associated with the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 upstream promoter region at sites occupied by NF-κB in ER− but not in ER+ breast cancer cells. PRDX1 knockdown attenuated COX-2 expression by reducing NF-κB occupancy at its upstream promoter element in MDA-MB-231 but not in MCF7 cells. A phosphorylated form of PRDX1 was only present in ER− breast cancer cells. Because PRDX1 phosphorylation is known to inhibit its peroxidase activity and to promote PRDX1 oligomerization, we propose that PRDX1 acts as a chaperone to enhance the transactivation potential of NF-κB in ER− breast cancer cells.
The QKI-6 RNA Binding Protein Regulates Actin-interacting Protein-1 mRNA Stability during Oligodendrocyte Differentiation
Authors: Doukhanine Evgueni , Gavino Christina , Haines Jeffery D. , Almazan Guillermina , Richard Stéphane
Published: July 2010

The quaking viable (qkv) mice represent an animal model of dysmyelination. The absence of expression of the QKI-6 and QKI-7 cytoplasmic isoforms in oligodendrocytes (OLs) during CNS myelination causes the qkvmouse phenotype. The QKI RNA-binding proteins are known to regulate RNA metabolism of cell cycle proteins and myelin components in OLs; however, little is known of their role in reorganizing the cytoskeleton or process outgrowth during OL maturation and differentiation. Here, we identify the actin-interacting protein (AIP)-1 mRNA as a target of QKI-6 by using two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis. The AIP-1 mRNA contains a consensus QKI response element within its 3′-untranslated region that, when bound by QKI-6, decreases the half-life of the AIP-1 mRNA. Although the expression of QKI-6 is known to increase during OL differentiation and CNS myelination, we show that this increase is paralleled with a corresponding decrease in AIP-1 expression in rat brains. Furthermore, qkv/qkvmice that lack QKI-6 and QKI-7 within its OLs had an increased level of AIP-1 in OLs. Moreover, primary rat OL precursors harboring an AIP-1 small interfering RNA display defects in OL process outgrowth. Our findings suggest that the QKI RNA-binding proteins regulate OL differentiation by modulating the expression of AIP-1.
First insight into the prediction of protein folding rate change upon point mutation
Authors: Huang Liang-Tsung , Gromiha M. Michael
Published: July 2010

Summary: The accurate prediction of protein folding rate change upon mutation is an important and challenging problem in protein folding kinetics and design. In this work, we have collected experimental data on protein folding rate change upon mutation from various sources and constructed a reliable and non-redundant dataset with 467 mutants. These mutants are widely distributed based on secondary structure, solvent accessibility, conservation score and long-range contacts. From systematic analysis of these parameters along with a set of 49 amino acid properties, we have selected a set of 12 features for discriminating the mutants that speed up or slow down the folding process. We have developed a method based on quadratic regression models for discriminating the accelerating and decelerating mutants, which showed an accuracy of 74% using the 10-fold cross-validation test. The sensitivity and specificity are 63% and 76%, respectively. The method can be improved with the inclusion of physical interactions and structure-based parameters.

Availability:  http://bioinformatics.myweb.hinet.net/freedom.htm

Contact:  michael-gromiha@aist.go.jp

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Monarch butterflies cross the Appalachians from the west to recolonize the east coast of North America
Authors: Miller Nathan G. , Wassenaar Leonard I. , Hobson Keith A. , Norris D. Ryan
Published: July 2010

Each spring, millions of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) migrate from overwintering sites in Mexico to recolonize eastern North America. However, few monarchs are found along the east coast of the USA until mid-summer. Brower (Brower, L. P. 1996J. Exp. Biol.199, 93–103.) proposed that east coast recolonization is accomplished by individuals migrating from the west over the Appalachians, but to date no evidence exists to support this hypothesis. We used hydrogen (δD) and carbon (δ13C) stable isotope measurements to estimate natal origins of 90 monarchs sampled from 17 sites along the eastern United States coast. We found the majority of monarchs (88%) originated in the mid-west and Great Lakes regions, providing, to our knowledge, the first direct evidence that second generation monarchs born in June complete a (trans-) longitudinal migration across the Appalachian mountains. The remaining individuals (12%) originated from parents that migrated directly from the Gulf coast during early spring. Our results provide evidence of a west to east longitudinal migration and provide additional rationale for conserving east coast populations by identifying breeding sources.
Polarization at metal–biomolecular interfaces in solution
Authors: Heinz Hendrik , Jha Kshitij C. , Luettmer-Strathmann Jutta , Farmer Barry L. , Naik Rajesh R.
Published: July 2010

Metal surfaces in contact with water, surfactants and biopolymers experience attractive polarization owing to induced charges. This fundamental physical interaction complements stronger epitaxial and covalent surface interactions and remains difficult to measure experimentally. We present a first step to quantify polarization on even gold (Au) surfaces in contact with water and with aqueous solutions of peptides of different charge state (A3 and Flg-Na3) by molecular dynamics simulation in all-atomic resolution and
a posteriori
computation of the image potential. Attractive polarization scales with the magnitude of atomic charges and with the length of multi-poles in the aqueous phase such as the distance between cationic and anionic groups. The polarization energy per surface area is similar on aqueous Au {1 1 1} and Au {1 0 0} interfaces of approximately −50 mJ m
−2
and decreases to −70 mJ m
−2
in the presence of charged peptides. In molecular terms, the polarization energy corresponds to −2.3 and −0.1 kJ mol
−1
for water in the first and second molecular layers on the metal surface, and to between −40 and 0 kJ mol
−1
for individual amino acids in the peptides depending on the charge state, multi-pole length and proximity to the surface. The net contribution of polarization to peptide adsorption on the metal surface is determined by the balance between polarization by the peptide and loss of polarization by replaced surface-bound water. On metal surfaces with significant epitaxial attraction of peptides such as Au {1 1 1}, polarization contributes only 10–20% to total adsorption related to similar polarity of water and of amino acids. On metal surfaces with weak epitaxial attraction of peptides such as Au {1 0 0}, polarization is a major contribution to adsorption, especially for charged peptides (−80 kJ mol
−1
for peptide Flg-Na
3
). A remaining water interlayer between the metal surface and the peptide then reduces losses in polarization energy by replaced surface-bound water. Computed polarization energies are sensitive to the precise location of the image plane (within tenths of Angstroms near the jellium edge). The computational method can be extended to complex nanometre and micrometer-size surface topologies.
The Royal Society, its Fellows and industrial R&D in the mid twentieth century
Authors: Horrocks Sally M.
Published: July 2010

Commentators and politicians have frequently argued that the performance of the British economy could be significantly improved by paying more attention to the translation of the results of scientific research into new products and processes. They have frequently suggested that deficiencies in achieving this are part of a long-standing national malaise and regularly point to a few well-worn examples to support their contention. What are conspicuous by their absence from these debates are detailed and contextual studies that actually examine the nature of the interactions between scientists and industry and how these changed over time. This paper provides one such study by examining three aspects of the relationship between the Royal Society, its Fellows and industrial R&D during the mid twentieth century. It looks first at the enthusiasm for industrial research to be found across the political spectrum after World War II before examining the election as Fellows of the Royal Society of men who worked in industry at the time of their election. Finally it considers the extent to which industrial R&D was incorporated into the way in which the Royal Society presented itself to the outside world through its Conversazione. Despite the absence of formal structures to translate the results of the work of scientists employed in other institutional contexts to industry, there is much evidence to indicate that there were plenty of other opportunities for the exchange of information to take place.
Public Understanding of Science: The BA, the Royal Society and COPUS
Authors: Bodmer Walter
Published: July 2010

My involvement in the public understanding of science in the UK came through a critique of claims for a genetic basis for IQ differences between races. That led to my chairmanship of the Royal Society's Committee on the Public Understanding of Science (COPUS). The main thrust of its 1985 report was directed at the need for scientists to learn how to communicate with the general public in all its guises, and to consider it a duty to do so. The formation of COPUS brought the Royal Society and the British Association for the Advancement of Science together and initiated a movement for scientific organizations to take engagement between scientists and the public seriously.
Doubly periodic array of bubbles in a Hele-Shaw cell
Authors: Silva Antônio M. P. , Vasconcelos Giovani L.
Published: July 2010

Exact solutions are presented for a doubly periodic array of steadily moving bubbles in a Hele-Shaw cell when surface tension is neglected. It is assumed that the bubbles are either symmetrical with respect to the channel centreline or have fore-and-aft symmetry, or both, so that the relevant flow domain can be reduced to a simply connected region. By using conformal-mapping techniques, a general solution with any number of bubbles per unit cell is obtained in integral form. Several examples are given, including solutions for multi-file arrays of bubbles in the channel geometry and doubly periodic solutions in an unbounded cell.
Ubiquitylation of FACT by the Cullin-E3 ligase Rtt101 connects FACT to DNA replication
Authors: Han Junhong , Li Qing , McCullough Laura , Kettelkamp Charisse , Formosa Tim , Zhang Zhiguo
Published: July 2010

FACT plays important roles in both gene transcription and DNA replication. However, how this protein complex is targeted to these two distinct cellular processes remains largely unknown. Here we show that ubiquitylation of the Spt16 subunit of FACT by Rtt101, the cullin subunit of an E3 ubiquitin ligase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, links FACT to DNA replication. We find Rtt101 interacts with and ubiquitylates Spt16 in vitro and in vivo. Deletion of RTT101 leads to reduced association of both FACT and the replicative helicase MCM with replication origins. Loss of Rtt101 also reduces binding of FACT to MCM, but not the association of FACT with Leo1 and Spt5, two proteins involved in transcription. Origin function is compromised in cells lacking Rtt101 or with an Spt16 mutation. These findings identify Spt16 as an Rtt101 substrate, and suggest that Spt16 ubiquitylation is important for FACT to function during DNA replication.
Wnt signaling regulates mitochondrial physiology and insulin sensitivity
Authors: Yoon John C. , Ng Aylwin , Kim Brian H. , Bianco Antonio , Xavier Ramnik J. , Elledge Stephen J.
Published: July 2010

Mitochondria serve a critical role in physiology and disease. The genetic basis of mitochondrial regulation in mammalian cells has not yet been detailed. We performed a large-scale RNAi screen to systematically identify genes that affect mitochondrial abundance and function. This screen revealed previously unrecognized roles for >150 proteins in mitochondrial regulation. We report that increased Wnt signals are a potent activator of mitochondrial biogenesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, leading to DNA damage and acceleration of cellular senescence in primary cells. The signaling protein insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), shown here to be a transcriptional target of Wnt, is induced in this setting. The increased level of IRS-1 drives activation of mitochondrial biogenesis; furthermore, in insulin-responsive cell types, it enhances insulin signaling, raising the possibility that Wnt proteins may be used to modulate glucose homeostasis. Our results identify a key component of the mitochondrial regulatory apparatus with a potentially important link to metabolic and degenerative disorders.
Transcription: from regulatory ncRNA to incongruent redundancy
Authors: Mellor Jane
Published: July 2010

Transcription is such a fundamental process and has been studied by so many for so long that skeptics might ask what more there is to learn. Those who attended the meeting summarized here on the dynamics of eukaryotic transcription during development were not disappointed. Studying the transcription of genes in stem cells during early development and in model organisms has illuminated mechanisms for transcriptional control that would have been hard to accept even 5 years ago, and consistently challenges the textbook view of transcriptional regulation.
Mechanism of Holliday junction resolution by the human GEN1 protein
Authors: Rass Ulrich , Compton Sarah A. , Matos Joao , Singleton Martin R. , Ip Stephen C.Y. , Blanco Miguel G. , Griffith Jack D. , West Stephen C.
Published: July 2010

Holliday junction (HJ) resolution is essential for chromosome segregation at meiosis and the repair of stalled/collapsed replication forks in mitotic cells. All organisms possess nucleases that promote HJ resolution by the introduction of symmetrically related nicks in two strands at, or close to, the junction point. GEN1, a member of the Rad2/XPG nuclease family, was isolated recently from human cells and shown to promote HJ resolution in vitro and in vivo. Here, we provide the first biochemical/structural characterization of GEN1, showing that, like the Escherichia coli HJ resolvase RuvC, it binds specifically to HJs and resolves them by a dual incision mechanism in which nicks are introduced in the pair of continuous (noncrossing) strands within the lifetime of the GEN1–HJ complex. In contrast to RuvC, but like other Rad2/XPG family members such as FEN1, GEN1 is a monomeric 5′-flap endonuclease. However, the unique feature of GEN1 that distinguishes it from other Rad2/XPG nucleases is its ability to dimerize on HJs. This functional adaptation provides the two symmetrically aligned active sites required for HJ resolution.
Nonlinear analysis and parameters identification of servo mechanism with relay feedback
Authors: Pu DongLin , Wu JianHua , Xiong ZhenHua , Sheng XinJun , Ding Han
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the nonlinear analysis on the relay feedback technology (RFT) applied to parameters identification of servo mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to investigate nonlinear elements' influence on RFT, the analysis was conducted in the velocity and current control loops, respectively. The RFT algorithm for modeling servo mechanism with friction was developed to overcome the nonlinear influence. Furthermore, the results from experiments were presented to validate the analysis and illustrated the advantages of the proposed method.

Findings

The Coulomb friction and current changing are the main nonlinear influence on the RFT application in servo mechanism. The friction effects should be included to servo system modeling based on RFT.

Practical implications

Some suggestions concluded from nonlinear analysis are useful to optimize the selection of parameters in RFT. And the proposed algorithm is applicable to modeling servo mechanism with friction.

Originality/value

The nonlinear analysis in the different control loops of servo mechanism based on RFT is presented and the effective identification approach is proposed in this paper.
Multi‐sensor information fusion in pulsed GTAW based on fuzzy measure and fuzzy integral
Authors: Chen Bo , Chen Shanben
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The status of welding process is difficult to monitor because of the intense disturbance during the process. The purpose of this paper is to use multiple sensors to obtain information about the process from different aspects and use multi‐sensor information fusion technology to fuse the information, to obtain more precise information about the process than using a single sensor alone.

Design/methodology/approach

Arc sensor, visual sensor, and sound sensor were used simultaneously to obtain weld current, weld voltage, weld pool's image, and weld sound about the pulsed gas tungsten‐arc welding (GTAW) process. Then special algorithms were used to extract the signal features of different information. Fuzzy measure and fuzzy integral method were used to fuse the extracted signal features to predict the penetration status about the welding process.

Findings

Experiment results show that fuzzy measure and fuzzy integral method can effectively utilize the information obtained by different sensors and obtain better prediction results than a single sensor.

Originality/value

Arc sensor, visual sensor, and sound sensor are used in pulsed GTAW at the same time to obtain information, and fuzzy measure and fuzzy integral method are used to fuse the different features in welding process for the first time; experiment results show that multi‐sensor information can obtain better results than single sensor, this provides a new method for monitoring welding status and to control the welding process more precisely.
Logistics information systems adoption: an empirical investigation in Brazil
Authors: Hisano Barbosa Danilo , Andreotti Musetti Marcel
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the level of logistics information systems (LIS) adoption in manufacturing companies is influenced by organizational profile variables, such as the company's size, the nature of its operations and their subsectors.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of the mainstream literature on LIS was carried out to identify the factors influencing the adoption of such information systems and also some research gaps. The empirical study's strategy is based on a survey research in Brazilian manufacturing firms from the capital goods industry. Data collected were analyzed through Kruskall‐Wallis and Mann Whitney's non‐parametric tests.

Findings

The analysis indicates that characteristics such as the size of companies and the nature of their operations influence the levels of LIS adoption, whilst comparisons regarding the subsectors appeared to be of little influence.

Originality/value

This is the first known study to examine the influence of organizational profiles such as size, nature of operations and subsector on the level of LIS adoption in manufacturing companies. Moreover, it is unique in portraying the Brazilian scenario on this topic and addressing the adoption of seven types of LIS in a single study.
Initial‐value problem of the Boolean function's primary function and its application in cryptographic system
Authors: Ding Yao‐Jun , Wang Zhuo , Ye Jian‐Hua
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide the general method for the solution of the Boolean function's primary function, and its application in encryption systems.

Design/methodology/approach

In the Boolean function theory, there is always a lack in the general method for the solution of primary function. This paper uses a very useful tool – e‐derivative, and by the help of this tool, obtains some very useful theorems.

Findings

The paper not only finds the method of solving the primary function of the Boolean function but also provides its application in encryption systems.

Research limitations/implications

The Boolean function's primary function is also very useful in the detection of circuitry, not introduced in this paper.

Practical implications

This paper is very useful for information security.

Originality/value

The paper solves the initial‐value problem of the Boolean function's primary function, and constructs some Boolean functions with many cryptographical characters which are very useful in encryption systems.
The effect of message appeals and unrealistic optimism on purchase intentions
Authors: Pornpitakpan Chanthika , Green Robert T.
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to extend a 2007 study by investigating which types of message appeals are more effective in reducing unrealistic optimism (a tendency for people to believe that they are less prone than are others to encounter negative outcomes) and inducing purchase intentions of a life‐threatening hazard prevention product in collectivist and individualist cultures.

Design/methodology/approach

An experiment was conducted with 133 American, 145 Singaporean, and 200 Thai undergraduates, totaling 478 participants.

Findings

The findings confirm the existence of unrealistic optimism in the marketing setting and show that first, lower levels of optimism are associated with higher purchase intentions for the product; second, hazard‐related behavior priming advertisement appeals lead to lower purchase intentions than do advertisements without priming, contradicting some earlier findings; and third, participants from collectivist cultures (Singaporeans and Thais) show higher purchase intentions than do those from individualist cultures (Americans) for both the risk‐priming and the expert advertisement appeals.

Research limitations/implications

The samples, while well matched, consist of undergraduate students who are not necessarily representative of the populations as a whole. The samples also come from only three countries. In addition, the study uses a single message.

Practical implications

The study suggests that: external‐control/collectivist cultures may be more influenced by advertising, regardless of the appeal employed; different types of cultures may require different amounts of advertising to achieve equal levels of effectiveness; unrealistic optimism needs to be addressed by marketers of preemptive products; and for products that are health‐related and difficult to evaluate, advertisements using expert appeals may be more effective than those attempting to counter unrealistic optimism by priming the risk‐related behaviors.

Originality/value

The paper has re‐affirmed the existence of unrealistic optimism, and that this phenomenon exists internationally with respect to a high‐involvement risk product category. It has unveiled relationships between optimism and purchase intentions. Finally, the paper has identified both similarities and differences in terms of the existence of unrealistic optimism and the relative effectiveness of different message types across cultures.