bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interspecific variation in the limb long bones among modern rhinoceroses—extent and drivers
Authors: Mallet Christophe , Cornette Raphaël , Billet Guillaume , Houssaye Alexandra
Published: September 2019

Among amniotes, numerous lineages are subject to an evolutionary trend toward body mass and size increases. Large terrestrial species may face important constraints linked to weight bearing, and the limb segments are particularly affected by such constraints due to their role in body support and locomotion. Such groups showing important limb modifications related to high body mass have been called “graviportal.” Often considered graviportal, rhinoceroses are among the heaviest terrestrial mammals and are thus of particular interest to understand the limb modifications related to body mass and size increase. Here, we present a morphofunctional study of the shape variation of the limb long bones among the five living rhinos to understand how the shape may vary between these species in relation with body size, body mass and phylogeny. We used three dimensional geometric morphometrics and comparative analyses to quantify the shape variation. Our results indicate that the five species display important morphological differences depending on the considered bones. The humerus and the femur exhibit noticeable interspecific differences between African and Asiatic rhinos, associated with a significant effect of body mass. The radius and ulna are more strongly correlated with body mass. While the tibia exhibits shape variation both linked with phylogeny and body mass, the fibula displays the greatest intraspecific variation. We highlight three distinct morphotypes of bone shape, which appear in accordance with the phylogeny. The influence of body mass also appears unequally expressed on the different bones. Body mass increase among the five extant species is marked by an increase of the general robustness, more pronounced attachments for muscles and a development of medial parts of the bones. Our study underlines that the morphological features linked to body mass increase are not similar between rhinos and other heavy mammals such as elephants and hippos, suggesting that the weight bearing constraint can lead to different morphological responses.
Microbial communities associated with the black morel Morchella sextelata cultivated in greenhouses
Authors: Benucci Gian Maria Niccolò , Longley Reid , Zhang Peng , Zhao Qi , Bonito Gregory , Yu Fuqiang
Published: September 2019

Morels (Morchella spp.) are iconic edible mushrooms with a long history of human consumption. Some microbial taxa are hypothesized to be important in triggering the formation of morel primordia and development of fruiting bodies, thus, there is interest in the microbial ecology of these fungi. To identify and compare fungal and prokaryotic communities in soils where Morchella sextelata is cultivated in outdoor greenhouses, ITS and 16S rDNA high throughput amplicon sequencing and microbiome analyses were performed. Pedobacter, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Flavobacterium were found to comprise the core microbiome of M. sextelata ascocarps. These bacterial taxa were also abundant in the soil beneath growing fruiting bodies. A total of 29 bacterial taxa were found to be statistically associated to Morchella fruiting bodies. Bacterial community network analysis revealed high modularity with some 16S rDNA operational taxonomic unit clusters living in specialized fungal niches (e.g., pileus, stipe). Other fungi dominating the soil mycobiome beneath morels included Morchella, Phialophora, and Mortierella. This research informs understanding of microbial indicators and potential facilitators of Morchella ecology and fruiting body production.
Development of Reheatable Thermo Jackets
Authors: Chohan Tanvir Kaur , Mahajan Surabhi
Published: September 2019

Since the past two decades, there has been a constant increase in upper quadrant body pain among people of different age groups. Taking view of the effectiveness of heat therapy in curing pain, the present study was undertaken to develop reheatable thermo jackets using heating gel packs. A functional design consisting of pockets for insertion of gel packs in thermo jacket was created digitally. The jacket was developed using casement and PVC fabrics. Two jackets, one for male and female respectively were developed with variation in colours. To study the effectiveness of the developed jackets on the basis of functionality and cost, ten respondents suffering from upper quadrant pain were selected purposively and jacket was given to each one of them to use for five days. The results revealed that 60 percent male and 80 percent female respondents found the jacket to be extremely comfortable and relieved them off their pain even while at work. Majority of the respondents did not face any problem in heating and placing gel packs in the jacket and more than 60 percent of them were highly relieved from their pain and found the jackets to be functionally and cost effective. The jacket was highly appreciated by respondents as it proved to be a multi pain relaxer for them while the selected experts opined that jackets retained the heat of gel packs for a longer duration as compared to other commercially available substitutes.
Instability and Trend in Area, Production and Productivity of Rice Crop in Haryana and India
Authors: Nain Mohit , . Nisha , . Sanjeev , Aneja D. R.
Published: September 2019

The study examined the performance of rice production in Haryana and India during 47 years period, 1966/1967 to 2012/2013, consisting of five sub-periods i.e. P-I (1966/1967 to 1975/1976), P-II (1976/1977 to 1985/1986), P-III (1986/1987 to 1995/1996), P-IV (1996/1997 to 2005/2006) and P-V (2006/2007 to 2012/2013). Quantitative analysis is used to perform linear and exponential functions estimation using exclusively secondary data. The study reveals positive trends in area, production and yield of rice for both Haryana and India. The production of rice at the state level and at country level increased mainly due to increase in area. Similar results are obtained on triennium bases. Area, production and yield of rice crop have shown positive growth rates in Haryana during entire study period and five sub-periods, except for the yield in P-V. The overall trend in production of rice crop for India was found to be similar to that of Haryana; yield has shown positive growth rates during the entire study period and five sub-periods while negative growth rates were observed in area under the rice crop during P- IV and P-V.
Assessment of Drinking Water Catchments in Fako Division, South West Region, Cameroon
Authors: Esembeson Malika , Nkenyi Rene , Peter Ndefon , Joseph Kamgno , Longdoh Njunda Anna
Published: September 2019

Background: Without readily available water in sufficient quantity, and pathogen-free, man's progress is hindered. Globally, 2 billion people use sources of drinking water that are faecally contaminated and not appropriate for consumption. In Cameroon and specifically in fako division, due to acute piped drinking water shortage, the population uses alternative sources (springs and boreholes). Waterborne diseases are the second and third leading weekly epidemiological disease under surveillance in Fako. To find out some predisposing factors of waterborne diseases in Fako , and  to meet up with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG): 6.1, by 2030, we sort to start with an assessment of the drinking water catchments in Fako, as we found paucity of studies.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to May 2018 using quantitative and qualitative approaches. An adapted WHO checklist was used for observations around catchment, then a risk assessment was done with a semi quantitative approach. Qualitative data was collected through   Focus Group Discussions and In-depth interviews.

Results: Of the 15 water catchments assessed, none of them met all WHO recommendations. We found that 60% have anthropogenic activities at less than 100meters from the catchments with progressive reduction in water volume and risk of contamination. Meanwhile 20% were open springs and consumers fetch water with feet and container deepen in source, while 13.3% were surface water. There was no integrated catchment management with stakeholders in Fako Division.

Conclusion:  None of the catchments met WHO recommendations. An integrated drinking water management team and a periodic monitoring of these catchments is imperative.
The Impact of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) on Sustainable Development Projects in Katsina Metropolis
Authors: Muazu Naseer Babangida , Abdullahi Abubakar
Published: September 2019

Nigeria is facing profound social, economic and environmental impact of population growth, development and environmental constraints. It is apparent that government alone has limited capacity to deal with all these problems. NGOs being one of the most effective partners have been playing supportive roles with the government, in some cases, they are considered more effective to get attached with the grass root level developmental initiatives. However, despite the role NGOs played, their presence and impact is not fully evaluated, recognized and appreciated by many governments and community members. It is for this reason this article attempts to examine whether projects executed by NGOs have any impact on sustainable development in Katsina Metropolis, given special emphasis on projects that dealt with environmental protection, poverty alleviation and health care services. The study further look at whether efficiency of NGOs officials has any impact on success of sustainable development projects execution.  A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 150 NGOs beneficiaries in five (5) selected political wards of twelve (12) in Katsina metropolis. Interviews was used to collect relevant data using a structured questionnaire from NGOs officials which include; development officers and facilitators in five (5) selected NGO offices operating in Katsina Metropolis namely; Save the Children, Service to Humanity Foundation, Murna Foundation, Katsina Friends of Environment and Makudawa Skills Acquisition. Frequency and chi-square analysis was used to present the results. The findings revealed that NGOs are complementing government efforts towards achieving sustainable development through their projects, and efficiency of NGOs officials has significant impact on success of sustainable development projects executed in the area. The findings of the study can benefit government and NGOs in creating more areas of collaboration in order to achieve sustainable development.
O rap e a educação: quando aprender faz sentido
Authors: [Flávio Eduardo Assis] Dudu de Morro Agudo , Reist Stephanie
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo é composto pela narrativa de uma série de encontros que aconteceram dentro de um CIEP, em Morro Agudo, Nova Iguaçu, onde percebemos o educando como produtor do conhecimento por oposição ao papel de repositório que por vezes lhe é imposto.

Nesse sentido buscamos compreender os motivos que fizeram com que estudantes, que supostamente tinham defasagem na aprendizagem, se desenvolvessem e mudassem seu comportamento após a participação em atividades culturais dentro da escola, sendo mais específico, experienciando a prática do #RapLAB, um laboratório de rap que mescla rodas de conversa, composição e gravação de música.
Os caminhos do curso de dança da UNICRUZ (1998-2010)
Authors: Hoffmann Carmen Anita , Zanella Andrisa Kemel , Allemand Débora Souto
Published: September 2019

O presente texto tem por objetivo visibilizar analiticamente o percurso institucional do Curso de Dança – Licenciatura Plena da UNICRUZ (1998-2010), em Cruz Alta/RS. Para isto, apresenta o seu processo histórico, o pioneirismo, a inserção e relevância para Rio Grande do Sul, especialmente no que se refere à formação superior em dança, bem como suas repercussões na instalação de outros sete cursos de Dança no Estado. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa e adota a metodologia da história oral, utilizando como principal instrumento entrevistas semiestruturadas com ex-professores, ex-alunos e pessoas envolvidas. Embora o Curso tenha se consolidado e contribuído para os avanços nos estudos de dança  no Rio Grande do Sul, em 2010 formou a última turma. Estes acontecimentos não o aniquilam, eles o tornam inteligível ao percebermos as relações de um Curso com seu tempo. A análise das memórias permitiu avaliar que o curso seguiu uma trajetória consoante às condições do contexto em que se desenvolveu. A história do curso de Dança da UNICRUZ representa um marco na história da educação superior em Dança no Rio Grande do Sul, pois, a partir dele, se instalaram sete outros cursos no Estado.
Paisagens submersas de células-tronco: participações do Coletivo A-Feto de Dança-Teatro nas Mostras de Performance da Galeria Cañizares, Escola de Belas Artes da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-BA, 2011-2017.
Authors: Fernandes Ciane
Published: September 2019

A coletânea fotográfica apresenta algumas imagens das performances realizadas pelo Coletivo A-FETO de Dança-Teatro - sob minha direção desde sua fundação em 1997 - nas Mostras de Performance da Galeria Cañizares da Escola de Belas Artes da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA, Salvador/BA), que acontecem anualmente desde 2011, sob a curadoria do Prof. Dr. Ricardo Biriba e colaboradores. O Coletivo A-FETO é vinculado à Escola de Teatro e ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes Cênicas da UFBA e desenvolve atividades fundadas na Arte do Movimento como modo de criação, pesquisa e ensino. Nestes vinte anos, o grupo vem realizando inúmeras performances, espetáculos e imersões, inclusive ecoperformances e obras em espaçotempo expandido, onde todos os participantes são criadores-performers e muitas vezes envolvendo o público, diluindo fronteiras entre realizador e testemunha, criação artística e pesquisa acadêmica, arte e vida.
Exercícios prototípicos para uma educação teatral: uma pedagogia de composições, devir e agenciamentos
Authors: Magela André Luiz Lopes
Published: September 2019

Descrição, conectada a conceitos filosóficos, de exercícios corporais oriundos de pesquisas sobre educação teatral. Os conceitos de afecção e agenciamento, caros aos escritos de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, são centrais na proposta, que baseia seus princípios teatrais em escritos de Jerzy Grotowski. O caráter somático destas atividades reside na tentativa de promover, por sua prática, formas de pensamento afinadas com elementos existenciais sugeridos pelas filosofias adotadas.
Preparação corporal e Somaestética na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia 2000 - 2018
Authors: Meira Renata Bittencourt
Published: September 2019

Este ensaio apresenta procedimentos e abordagens somáticas em processos de formação em artes cênicas no Curso de Teatro da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) que subsidiam a formulação da noção de Materialidade Somaestética e engendra os procedimentos Ternas.  Discorre sobre a formação de procedimentos pedagógicos e prática docente na perspectiva da Educação Somática tendo como fonte as reformulações do projeto pedagógico, os planos de ensino e anotações das aulas, no período de 2000 a 2018, em diálogo com estudos de delineamento do campo da Educação Somática e com pesquisas que trataram da inserção de prática somáticas em cursos universitários em contextos diferenciados.
Expressão Corporal: educação somática e política
Authors: Baltazar Márcia Cristina
Published: September 2019

Questionamos o trabalho desenvolvido de consciência corporal e expressão do corpo na matéria de Expressão Corporal, do curso de licenciatura em Teatro da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, e sua relação com a política. Partimos de um texto de Suely Rolnik que aborda a ecologia da subjetividade para a necessária resignificação do conceito de democracia. Passamos pelos conceitos de consciência e imagem do corpo em Bergson. Mencionamos a técnica e o método dos Vianna e transcrevemos alguns textos dos alunos de Expressão Corporal que abordam modificações culturais em seus conceitos de corpo e vislumbram possibilidades de caminhos de micro transformações políticas através da educação somática.
Oxygen/Fluorine Dual‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanopolyhedra Enabled Ultrafast and Highly Stable Potassium Storage
Authors: Lu Jian , Wang Changlai , Yu Haolei , Gong Shipeng , Xia Guoliang , Jiang Peng , Xu Pengping , Yang Kang , Chen Qianwang
Published: September 2019

Carbon‐based materials are promising anodes for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). However, due to the significant volume expansion and structural instability, it is still a challenge to achieve a high capacity, high rate and long cycle life for carbonaceous anodes. Herein, oxygen/fluorine dual‐doped porous carbon nanopolyhedra (OFPCN) is reported for the first time as a novel anode for PIBs, which exhibits a high reversible capacity of 481 mA h g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 and excellent performance of 218 mA h g−1 after 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1 with 92% capacity retention. Even after 5000 robust cycles at 10 A g−1 with charging/discharging time of around 40 s, an unprecedented capacity of 111 mA h g−1 is still maintained. Such ultrafast potassium storage and unprecedented cycling stability have been seldom reported in PIBs. Quantitative kinetics analysis reveals that both diffusion and capacitance processes are involved in the potassium storage mechanism. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the O/F dual‐doped porous carbon promotes the K‐adsorption ability and can absorb multiple K atoms with slight structural distortion, which accounts for the high specific capacity, outstanding rate capability, and excellent cycling stability of the OFPCN anode.
Atomic Layer Deposition Inducing Integration of Co, N Codoped Carbon Sphere on 3D Foam with Hierarchically Porous Structures for Flexible Hydrogen Producing Device
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhao Yuting , Liu Jinrun , Liu Chang , Wang Zhijie , Zheng Gengfeng , Huang Gaoshan , Mei Yongfeng
Published: September 2019

Integration of metal–organic frameworks on deformation tolerant substrates exhibits a promising prospect in flexible electrode applications. A straightforward synthesis utilizing atomic layer deposition pretreating to induce the growth of a zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (ZIF‐67) layer on carbon foam (CF), which maintains high ZIF‐67 loading with a hierarchically porous structure and large surface area of 453 m2 g−1 is presented. With a subsequent pyrolysis process, three‐dimensional composite structures are obtained with Co, N codoped carbon spheres attached firmly on the CF framework, and CF bridges the individual carbon spheres to construct a conductive pathway. The composites are used as a flexible electrode for hydrogen production both in acid and alkaline electrolytes. The advances in the composite structure, such as the hierarchically porous structure, large surface area, and high loading of active material, lead to excellent electrochemical performance in terms of low overpotential of 142 mV and low Tafel slope of 73 mV dec−1 in 0.5 m H2SO4. Most importantly, the composite structure with outstanding flexible property shows good catalytic performance under remarkable deformation, and after 100 repeated compression–recovery cycles, the performance degrades slightly. This work provides a new design of flexible electrode, which is promising for the hydrogen production industry.
Ultracompliant Carbon Nanotube Direct Bladder Device
Authors: Yan Dongxiao , Bruns Tim M. , Wu Yuting , Zimmerman Lauren L. , Stephan Chris , Cameron Anne P. , Yoon Euisik , Seymour John P.
Published: September 2019

The bladder, stomach, intestines, heart, and lungs all move dynamically to achieve their purpose. A long‐term implantable device that can attach onto an organ, sense its movement, and deliver current to modify the organ function would be useful in many therapeutic applications. The bladder, for example, can suffer from incomplete contractions that result in urinary retention with patients requiring catheterization. Those affected may benefit from a combination of a strain sensor and electrical stimulator to better control bladder emptying. The materials and design of such a device made from thin layer carbon nanotube (CNT) and Ecoflex 00–50 are described and demonstrate its function with in vivo feline bladders. During bench‐top characterization, the resistive and capacitive sensors exhibit stability throughout 5000 stretching cycles under physiology conditions. In vivo measurements with piezoresistive devices show a high correlation between sensor resistance and volume. Stimulation driven from platinum‐silicone composite electrodes successfully induce bladder contraction. A method for reliable connection and packaging of medical grade wire to the CNT device is also presented. This work is an important step toward the translation of low‐durometer elastomers, stretchable CNT percolation, and platinum‐silicone composite, which are ideal for large‐strain bioelectric applications to sense or modulate dynamic organ states.
Direct Laser Etching Free‐Standing MXene‐MoS2 Film for Highly Flexible Micro‐Supercapacitor
Authors: Chen Xing , Wang Siliang , Shi Junjie , Du Xiaoyu , Cheng Qinghua , Xue Rui , Wang Qiang , Wang Min , Ruan Limin , Zeng Wei
Published: September 2019

Micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) with excellent flexibility and high electrochemical performance are essential for portable and miniaturized electronics. In this paper, a laser etching technology with advantages of simple process, low cost, and high machining accuracy is used to directly etch the free‐standing MXene‐molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) film for MSC. As adding MoS2 in MXene effectively improves the electrochemical performance, such as a higher specific capacitance (about 60% higher than pure MXene). Eventually, the maximum specific capacitance of this MSC (based on the total volume of positive and negative electrodes) is 173.6 F cm−3 (1 mV s−1), and the maximum energy density and maximum power density are 15.5 mWh cm−3 and 0.97 W cm−3, respectively. In addition, the MSC also shows the excellent cycle stability and flexibility, e.g., after 6000 charge–discharge cycles and bending up to 150°, the capacitances of the MSC still retain about 98% and 89% of its initial capacitance, respectively. The laser‐etched MSC based on MXene‐MoS2 offers a new idea for future high‐performance micro energy storage devices.
Sn‐Alloy Foil Electrode with Mechanical Prelithiation: Full‐Cell Performance up to 200 Cycles
Authors: Xu Hui , Li Sa , Chen Xinlong , Zhang Can , Liu Wenjian , Fan Huimin , Yu Yue , Huang Yunhui , Li Ju
Published: September 2019

Self‐supporting Sn foil is a promising high‐volumetric‐capacity anode for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), but it suffers from low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). Here, mechanical prelithiation is adopted to improve ICE, and it is found that Sn foils with coarser grains are prone to cause electrode damage. To mitigate damage and prepare thinner lithiated electrodes, 3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn foil is used that has more refined grains (5–10 µm) instead of Sn (50–100 µm), where the abundant grain boundaries (GBs) offer more sliding systems to release stress and reduce deep fractures. Thus, the thickness of Lix3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn can be reduced to 50 µm, compared to 100 µm LixSn. When the foils contact open air, the Sn‐Li‐O(H) products are more stable than Li‐O(H), thus Lix3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn shows outstanding air stability. The as‐prepared 50 µm foil anode achieves stable 200 cycles in LiFePO4//Lix3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn full cell (≈2.65 mAh cm−2) and the capacity retention is 95%. Even at 5C, the capacity of Lix3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn is still up to ≈1.8 mAh cm−2. The cycle life of NCM523//Lix3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn full cell exceeds that of NCM523//Li. Furthermore, 70 µm Lix3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn is used as double‐sided anode for a 3 cm × 2.8 cm pouch cell and its actual volumetric capacity density is 674 mAh cm−3 after 50 cycles.
Engineering Escherichia coli for propionic acid production through the Wood–Werkman cycle
Authors: Gonzalez‐Garcia Ricardo A. , McCubbin Timothy , Turner Mark S. , Nielsen Lars K. , Marcellin Esteban
Published: September 2019

Native to propionibacteria, the Wood–Werkman cycle enables propionate production via succinate decarboxylation. Current limitations in engineering propionibacteria strains have redirected attention toward the heterologous production in model organisms. Here, we report the functional expression of the Wood–Werkman cycle in Escherichia coli to enable propionate and 1‐propanol production. The initial proof‐of‐concept attempt showed that the cycle can be used for production. However, production levels were low (0.17 mM). In silico optimization of the expression system by operon rearrangement and ribosomal‐binding site tuning improved performance by fivefold. Adaptive laboratory evolution further improved performance redirecting almost 30% of total carbon through the Wood–Werkman cycle, achieving propionate and propanol titers of 9 and 5 mM, respectively. Rational engineering to reduce the generation of byproducts showed that lactate (∆ldhA) and formate (∆pflB) knockout strains exhibit an improved propionate and 1‐propanol production, while the ethanol (∆adhE) knockout strain only showed improved propionate production.
Insights into Redox Dynamics of Vanadium Species Impregnated in Layered Siliceous Zeolitic Structures during Methanol Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Vieira Luiz H. , Possato Luiz G. , Chaves Thiago F. , Lee Jason J. , Sulmonetti Taylor P. , Jones Christopher W. , Martins Leandro
Published: September 2019

Supported transition metal catalysts have been extensively applied to oxidative and reductive processes. The understanding of surface speciation and active site‐support interactions in these materials play a substantial role in developing improved heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, a series of impregnated 3D ferrierite and 2D ITQ‐6 siliceous supports with variable loading of vanadium oxide was prepared. Chemical and structural properties of the materials were studied by X‐ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry, X‐ray absorption, Fourier transform infrared and diffuse reflectance UV‐vis spectroscopies, and temperature‐programmed reduction with H2. Reactivity of the catalyst surface, associated with the incidence of isolated silanol groups, was found to be more effective when vanadium oxides were better dispersed and stabilized than increases in surface area. Differences in activation and the oxidation state dynamic behavior of active sites were then probed by methanol oxidation as a model reaction monitored by in situ FTIR spectroscopy and XANES/MS. By applying isothermal periods of reaction under non‐oxidizing atmosphere and regeneration of catalysts by O2, it was found that, even at distinct rates, all types of sites are accessible during reaction, since a complete reduction to V4+ was observed. However, reoxidation of sites to V5+ is limited and sensitive to the different vanadium species on the surface, and probably, the determinant factor of the distinct V5+/V4+ equilibrium reached for the catalysts when the reaction is carried out under constant oxidizing atmosphere.
Understanding the failure of Bioglass 8625 transponder capsules used in tracking blackbuck antelopes
Authors: Carnrike Talya , Nerf Mitchell , Alter Denise , Reed Kischa , Kalu Peter N. , Campbell Dorr
Published: September 2019

Radio‐frequency identification (RFID) systems are used in a variety of applications, with animal tracking as one of them. In order to be safely implanted in animals, theRFIDsystems are embedded in Bioglass 8625 capsules. Although these Bioglass transponder chips have proven to be successful in household pets, there is a major concern regarding their use in male Blackbuck antelope where a significant level of failure has been reported. Since there is limited mechanical data on Bioglass 8625, this study was undertaken to provide a preliminary assessment of the reason for the failure. Three‐point bend test and finite element analysis (FEA), based on three possible loading configurations during male Blackbuck antelope fighting, were used in this investigation. The flexural strength of the capsule was found to be 250 ± 50 MPa.FEAanalysis, using the peak fighting force (456 N) of the Blackbuck antelope, showed that the stress distribution resulting from all three loading configurations greatly exceeded the flexural strength of the Bioglass 8625 capsules. It is reasonable to conclude that the Bioglass 8625 capsule is highly likely to fracture under the current condition of utilization. Based onFEAsimulation, a capsule with increased wall thickness has been recommended.
A Facile Preparation of Super Long‐Term Stable Lignin Nanoparticles from Black Liquor
Authors: Ma Mingshuai , Dai Lin , Si Chuanling , Hui Lanfeng , Liu Zhong , Ni Yonghao
Published: September 2019

With the increase in lignin availability, materials derived from micro‐ and nano‐scale lignin developed rapidly. However, the tedious processes of raw‐lignin pretreatment and poor stability seriously restrict the large‐scale applications of lignin nanoparticles. To overcome these problems, in this work, a novel green and simple approach was developed to produce super long‐term stable lignin nanoparticles (LTSL NPs). The LTSL NPs were prepared directly from black liquor via an acid precipitation method. The obtained LTSL NPs exhibited well uniformity, excellent dispersibility, controllable size, and super long‐term stability in aqueous media (no apparent size increase or any particle precipitation for 90 days in neutral water medium). Analyses of nuclear magnetic resonance and ion chromatography revealed that LTSL NPs exhibited higher S/G ratio and higher content of hemicellulose comparing with the lignin nanoparticles which obtained from traditional solvent exchange (ethanol/H2O) method. In addition, the size of the LTSL NPs can be well controlled by tuning the degree of acid precipitation (the final pH value). This work not only can promote the development of lignin‐based nanomaterials, but also provides a promising utilization pathway for black liquor that simultaneously achieves the fabrication of lignin materials and hemicellulose application.
Setting priorities for conservation at the interface between ocean circulation, connectivity, and population dynamics
Authors: Boschetti Fabio , Babcock Russell C. , Doropoulos Christopher , Thomson Damian P. , Feng Ming , Slawinski Dirk , Berry Oliver , Vanderklift Mathew A.
Published: September 2019

Population persistence in the marine environment is driven by patterns of ocean circulation, larval dispersal, ecological interactions, and demographic rates. For habitat‐forming organisms in particular, understanding the relationship between larval connectivity and meta‐population dynamics aids in planning for marine spatial management. Here, we estimate networks of connectivity between fringing coral reefs in the northwest shelf of Australia by combining a particle tracking model based on shelf circulation with models of subpopulation dynamics of individual reefs. Coral cover data were used as a proxy for overall habitat quality, which can change as a result of natural processes, human‐driven impacts, and management initiatives. We obtain three major results of conservation significance. First, the dynamics of the ecological network result from the interplay between network connectivity and ecological processes on individual reefs. The maximum coral cover a zone can sustain imposes a significant nonlinearity on the role an individual reef plays within the dynamics of the network, and thus on the impact of conservation interventions on specific reefs. Second, the role of an individual reef within these network dynamics changes considerably depending on the overall state of the system: a reef's role in sustaining the system's state can be different from the same reef's role in helping the system recover following major disturbance. Third, patterns of network connectivity change significantly as a function of yearly shelf circulation trends, and nonlinearity in network dynamics make mean connectivity a poor representation of yearly variations. From a management perspective, the priority list of reefs that are targets for management interventions depends crucially on what type of stressors (system‐wide vs. localized) need addressing. This choice also depends not only on the ultimate purpose of management, but also on future oceanographic, climate change, and development scenarios that will determine the network connectivity and habitat quality.
The influence of different aspects of grouse moorland management on nontarget bird assemblages
Authors: Littlewood Nick A. , Mason Tom H. E. , Hughes Martin , Jaques Rob , Whittingham Mark J. , Willis Stephen G.
Published: September 2019

Conflict between stakeholders with opposing interests can hamper biodiversity conservation. When conflicts become entrenched, evidence from applied ecology can reveal new ways forward for their management. In particular, where disagreement exists over the efficacy or ethics of management actions, research clarifying the uncertain impacts of management on wildlife can move debates forwards to conciliation.

Here, we explore a case‐study of entrenched conflict where uncertainty exists over the impacts of multiple management actions: namely, moorlands managed for the shooting of red grouse (willow ptarmigan) Lagopus lagopus in the United Kingdom (UK). Debate over how UK moorlands should be managed is increasingly polarized. We evaluate, for the first time at a regional scale, the relative impacts of two major moorland management practices—predator control and heather burning—on nontarget bird species of conservation concern.

Birds were surveyed on 18 estates across Northern England and Southeast Scotland. Sites ranged from intensively managed grouse moors to moorland sites with no management for grouse shooting. We hypothesised that both targeted predator control and burning regimes would enhance ground‐nesting wader numbers and, as a consequence of this, and of increased grouse numbers, nontarget avian predators should also be more abundant on heavily managed sites.

There were positive associations between predator control and the abundance of the three most widespread species of ground‐nesting wader: strong effects for European golden plover Pluvialis apricaria and Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata and, less strongly, for common snipe Gallinago gallinago. These effects saturated at low levels of predator control. Evidence for effects of burning was much weaker. We found no evidence of enhanced numbers of nontarget predators on heavily managed sites.
Characteristics and health care utilization among patients with chronic heart failure: a longitudinal claim database analysis
Authors: Wammes Joost Johan Godert , Auener Stefan , van der Wees Philip J. , Tanke Marit A.C. , Bellersen Louise , Westert Gert P. , Atsma Femke , Jeurissen Patrick P.T.
Published: September 2019

Aims

This study aimed to determine the characteristics of patients with heart failure and high costs (top 1% and top 2–5% highest costs in perspective of the general population) and to explore the longitudinal health care utilization and persistency of high costs.

Methods and results

Longitudinal observational study using claims data from 2006 to 2014 in the Netherlands. We identified all patients that received a hospital treatment for chronic heart failure between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2010. Of each selected patient, all claims from the Dutch curative health system and with a starting date between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2014 were extracted. Pharmaceutical and hospital claims were used to establish characteristics and indicators for health care utilization. Descriptive analyses and generalized estimating equation models were used to analyse characteristics, longitudinal health care utilization and to identify factors associated with high costs. Our findings revealed that the difference in costs between top 1%, top 2–5%, and bottom 95% patients with heart failure was mainly driven by hospital costs; and the top 1% group experienced a remarkable increase of mental health costs. Top 1% and top 2–5% patients with heart failure differed from lower cost patients in their higher rate of chronic conditions, excessive polypharmacy, hospital admissions, and heart‐related surgeries. Heart‐related surgeries contributed to the incidental high costs in 54% of top 1% patients, and the costs of the remaining top 1% patients were driven by mental health and pharmaceuticals use and rates of chronic conditions and multimorbidity. Top 1% patients were relatively young. Anaemia, dementia, diseases of arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels, influenza, and kidney failure were significantly associated with high costs. The end‐of‐life period was predictive of top 1% and top 5% costs. More than 90% of the population incurred at least one top 5% year during follow‐up, and 31.8% incurred at least one top 1% year. Fifty‐seven per cent incurred multiple top 5% years whereas only 8.6% incurred multiple top 1% years. Top 5% years were more frequently consecutive than top 1% years.

Conclusions

Top 1% utilization occurs predominantly incidentally and among less than a third of patients with heart failure, whereas almost all patients with heart failure experience at least one top 5% year, and more than half experience two or more top 5% years. Both medical and psychiatric/psychosocial needs contribute to high costs in heart failure patients. Comprehensive and integrated efforts are needed to further improve quality of care and reduce unnecessary costs.
A Microporous Co(II)‐Based 3‐D Metal Organic Framework Built from Magnetic Infinite Rod‐Shaped Secondary Building Units
Authors: Kourtellaris Andreas , Moushi Eleni E. , Spanopoulos Ioannis , Trikalitis Pantelis N. , Pissas Michael , Papaefstathiou Giannis S. , Sanakis Yiannis , Tasiopoulos Anastasios J.
Published: September 2019

The synthesis and characterization of {[Co5(INA)3(HCOO)7(DMF)(H2O)]·2DMF·4H2O}∞ (INA– = the anion of isonicotinic acid) denoted as Co5‐INA·2DMF·4H2O is reported. The compound was isolated from the reaction of Co(NO3)2·6H2O with HINA in the presence of HCOOH in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) at 100 °C. It exhibits a rigid 3‐D porous structure based on Co5 repeating units which are linked through carboxylate ligands (from HCOO– and INA–) to form an infinite rod‐shaped secondary building unit (SBU). The rods are connected through isonicotinate ligands to produce a unique (3,3,4,4,4‐coordinated) 5‐nodal 3D network with point symbol (4.5.6.72.9)(4.5.62.7.8)(4.5.7)2(5.62.73). Gas sorption studies revealed that Co5‐INA displays a microporous structure with BET area 264.5 m2 g–1 and CO2 uptake of 1.96/1.29 mmol·g–1 at 273/298 K (1 bar), respectively. Magnetism studies revealed that Co5‐INA displays spin canting behavior with a spin glass relaxation process at ca. 5.0 K.
The First Thiostannate Compound with Copper(II) Synthesized Under Ambient Conditions: Crystal Structure, Electronic and Thermal Properties
Authors: Benkada Assma , Reinsch Helge , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: September 2019

The new compound {[Cu(cyclam)]2[Sn2S6]}n·2nH2O containing Cu(II) was synthesized at room temperature reacting aqueous solutions of Na4SnS4·14H2O and of [Cu(cyclam)](ClO4)2. A crystalline precipitate consisting of small crystallites was formed after a very short reaction time of 2 h. Structure analysis reveals that [Sn2S6]4– anions are joined by the [Cu(cyclam)]2+ cations via Cu–S bonds generating layers which are stacked along the crystallographic a‐axis. The Cu(II) centers are in a distorted octahedral environment of four N and two S atoms. The distortion is reflected in the EPR spectrum that displays the A∥ lines characteristic for Cu2+ (I = 3/2) and due to g∥ > g⊥ > 2.0023, the unpaired electron is located in the dx2–y2 orbital. The crystal water molecules can be removed at elevated temperatures, while crystallinity of the sample is mainly retained. Storage of the dehydrated sample on air leads to water uptake and recovery of the pristine compound.
Improvement of Productivity for Aqueous Biphasic Hydroformylation of Methyl 10‐Undecenoate: A Detailed Phase Investigation
Authors: Bianga Jonas , Herrmann Norman , Schurm Lasse , Gaide Tom , Dreimann Jens M. , Vogt Dieter , Seidensticker Thomas
Published: September 2019

The overall productivity of the aqueous biphasic hydroformylation of the castor oil‐derived methyl 10‐undecenoate is increased. To increase the reaction rate, the miscibility of water and the fatty compound is increased by addition of the green solvent 1‐butanol as co‐solvent. For the first time, the concentration of solvents, substrate, and product within the reaction process is experimentally examined in a biphasic system under 20 bar pressure of synthesis gas and 140 °C. A reactor to get samples of both phases is developed to determine the quarternary mixture of the reaction system presented in a four‐dimensional tetrahedron diagram. With the knowledge gained about the reaction and its drivers, it is possible to increase the efficiency of the reaction process reported so far. With simultaneously high reaction rates (turn over frequency = >5000 h−1), the space–time yield of the reaction reaches values of >120 g L−1h−1 and can be improved significantly without negatively affecting catalyst leaching.

Practical Applications: Most polymers are made of petrochemicals. Here, the development of a highly efficient process for the formation of bifunctional molecules starting from technical grade methyl 10‐undecenoate made from castor oil in an aqueous biphasic reaction system is presented. By rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation, an aldehyde ester is formed which can be used to create alcohols, carboxylic acids, and amines. Subsequently, these molecules can be used as polymer precursors in polycondensation reactions.
Intramolecular Cycloaddition Azomethine Ylides and α‐(Trifluoromethyl)styrenes as Dipolarophiles
Authors: Sánchez Merino Anabel , Alcañiz Fernando Rabasa , Gaviña Daniel , Delgado Alejandro , Sánchez Roselló María , del Pozo Carlos
Published: September 2019

The synthesis of polycyclic fluorinated tertiary amines has been accomplished by means of an intramolecular azomethine ylide cycloaddition with fluorinated dipolarophiles. Thus, tri‐ and tetracyclic fused pyrrolidines bearing a quaternary trifluoromethyl group were obtained in moderated yields in a stereoselective manner. This is one of the few examples reported in the literature of intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with fluorinated dipolarophiles. Initial attempts of the asymmetric version of the process have been performed, but low levels of diastereoselectivity were achieved.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution for Asymmetric Synthesis of L‐Noncanonical Amino Acids from D‐Ser Using Tryptophan Synthase and Alanine Racemase
Authors: Yu Jinhai , Li Jing , Gao Xia , Zeng Shuiyun , Zhang Hongjuan , Liu Junzhong , Jiao Qingcai
Published: September 2019

L‐Ser is often used to synthesize some significant l‐noncanonical α‐amino acids(l‐ncAAs), which are the prevalent intermediates and precursors for functional synthetic compounds. In this study, threonine aldolase from Escherichia coli k‐12 MG1655 has been used to synthesize l‐Ser. In contrast to the maximum catalytic capacity (20 g/L) for l‐threonine aldolase(LTA), d‐Ser was synthesized with high yield (240 g/L) from cheap Gly and paraformaldehyde using d‐threonine aldolase (DTA) from Arthrobacter sp ATCC. In order to fully utilize d‐Ser and expand the resource of l‐Ser, a dynamic kinetic resolution system was constructed to convert d/dl‐Ser to l‐Ser through combining alanine racemase (Alr) from Bacillus subtilis with l‐tryptophan synthase (TrpS) from Escherichia coli k‐12 MG1655, and l‐ncAAs including l‐Trp and l‐Cys derivatives were synthesized with excellent enantioselectivity and in high yields. The results indicated l‐ncAAs could be efficiently synthesized from d‐Ser using this original and green dynamic kinetic resolution system, and the reliable l‐Ser resource has been established from simple and achiral substrates.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Dearomatizations
Authors: Okumura Mikiko , Sarlah David
Published: September 2019

The dearomatization of aromatic compounds is an important synthetic strategy used in accessing complex three‐dimensional structures from simple aromatic precursors. This minireview aims to provide an overview of recent advancements in this area, with a specific focus on visible‐light‐mediated dearomative transformations. Compared to the conventional high‐energy ultraviolet (UV) light‐promoted processes, not only these new approaches offer milder reaction conditions to accommodate wider variety of substrates with sensitive functionalities, but also enable the use of photocatalysts and other promoters, significantly expanding the reaction space. Application of these transformations to the synthesis of bioactive compounds are also discussed.
Decarboxylative C–C and C–N Bond Formation by Ligand‐Accelerated Iron Photocatalysis
Authors: Feng Guangshou , Wang Xiaofei , Jin Jian
Published: September 2019

The photoexcited state lifetimes of iron complexes are typically much shorter than those of iridium and ruthenium complexes. For that reason, iron complexes find less application in photochemical organic synthesis. Through iron photocatalysis, a mild and effective protocol for decarboxylative C–C and C–N bond formation has been achieved. The carboxylic acids readily undergo radical decarboxylation in the presence of Fe2(SO4)3 and di‐(2‐picolyl)amine under visible light irradiation. The resulting alkyl radicals then react with Michael acceptors or azodicarboxylates to furnish the adducts.
Application of ICD‐11 among individuals with chronic pain: A post hoc analysis of the Stanford Self‐Management Program
Authors: Hornemann Christina , Schröder Andreas , Ørnbøl Eva , Christensen Nils Balle , Høeg Marian Dalgaard , Mehlsen Mimi , Frostholm Lisbeth
Published: September 2019

Background

Chronic primary pain (CPP) is one of seven diagnostic groups within the proposed classification of chronic pain in ICD‐11. Our aims were to apply the proposed ICD‐11 criteria in a large cohort of chronic pain patients participating in the Chronic Pain Self‐Management Program (CPSMP) and further investigate whether participants with CPP differed from participants with chronic secondary pain (CSP) regarding health, health expenditure and the effect of participating in the CPSMP.

Methods

A secondary analysis of a randomized, controlled trial on the effect of the CPSMP. Four examiners categorized participants’ pain according to ICD‐11 using register‐based medical diagnoses and patients’ self‐reported symptoms. Afterwards, differences between CPP and CSP were examined.

Results

Out of 394 participants, 312 were successfully classified into CPP (n = 164) or CSP (n = 148) whereas 76 had a mixed pain condition. Participants with CPP were younger, more likely to be women, and had longer pain duration compared to participants with CSP. Participants with CPP reported worse health‐related quality of life on the SF‐36 Mental Component Summary and subscales of vitality, social functioning and bodily pain. Participants with CSP had more physical comorbidities and higher total health expenditure. None of the groups benefitted from the CPSMP.

Conclusions

We successfully applied the new classification of chronic pain in ICD‐11 on the basis of ICD‐10 medical diagnoses and symptom self‐report. Participants with CPP differed significantly from participants with CSP on baseline characteristics, self‐reported health measures and total health expenditure. The CPSMP was not effective in any of the groups.

Significance

The current study applies the proposed new classification of chronic pain in ICD‐11 and shares the experiences of the diagnostic rating procedure of individuals with chronic pain. Furthermore, it evaluates the effect of the Stanford Self‐Management Program.