bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONSTRUCCIÓN DE PAZ EN MÉXICO: LOS FAMILIARES DE VÍCTIMAS ENTRE EL DESPLAZAMIENTO Y EL EXTERMINIO
Authors: Fracchia Figueiredo Myriam , Ameglio Patella Pietro
Published: March 2020

Este trabajo se propone contextualizar el tema del desplazamiento de población dentro de la actual mal llamada “guerra contra el narco”, que en realidad es una guerra de “exterminio masivo y selectivo” de población, donde los desplazados han constituido - sobre todo desde el año de2007 hasta el 2014 aproximadamente- un “inobservado social”. En la primera parte de este artículo, además de la información general del tema desde informes de organismos de DDHH, reflexionamos tendencias y actores de este proceso a partir de una base de datos hemerográfica que hemos construido con los hechos de desplazamiento entre 2014 y 2018. La segunda parte del artículo busca reflexionar cómo los familiares de víctimas directas de esta guerra –asesinadas o desaparecidas- también son desplazados “inobservados socialmente”, porque han tenido que abandonar sus poblados, trabajos y vida comunitaria por seguridad primero, y por la centralización judicial y política de nuestro país, en segundo término. A su vez, han logrado, a través de sus luchas individuales y de sus articulaciones en redes nacionales de familiares de víctimas de la guerra, transformar un drama personal, familiar y comunitario como es el desplazamiento, en una acción de resistencia social y han fortalecido su acción noviolenta por la verdad, justicia, reparación y memoria.
LA PSICOLOGÍA COMO DISCIPLINA EN TIEMPOS DE POST ACUERDO DE PAZ EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Agudelo Ortiz Diana Marcela
Published: March 2020

La psicología como disciplina social y humana, entendida como una plataforma amplia de saberes y prácticas para la comprensión e intervención de los procesos subjetivos cumple un rol fundamental para la construcción de paz en Colombia. La atención a víctimas y los procesos de desmovilización, de reintegración y de reincorporación, son apenas algunos de los desafíos en los que se demanda la presencia de profesionales capaces de acompañar en la transición del dolor a una sociedad que no ha tenido tiempo para dar sentido a una guerra de más de 60 años. En ese sentido, la formación de profesionales en un campo con creciente demanda como el de la psicología, implica problematizar su relación con la búsqueda de justicia y la profundización en las perspectivas con las cuales se articulan vías para la construcción de paz y la reconstrucción del tejido social en Colombia.
ANÁLISIS NORMATIVO DEL BIENESTAR ANIMAL EN ESPAÑA Y LATINOAMÉRICA: ESPECIAL REFERENCIA A LA LABOR DE LOS PERROS EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE PAZ
Authors: Méndez Juez Marta , Castellví Guimerá Juan Luis
Published: March 2020

La protección del bienestar animal es hoy día una preocupación universal. Sin embargo, su garantía sigue siendo una laguna que aún no ha cubierto el derecho internacional. Desde la dimensión ambiental del modelo de paz transformadora, el desarrollo del Buen Vivir es fundamental para entender nuestras relaciones sociales y nuestras interacciones con el resto de seres vivos. Por ello, trataremos de entender qué papel desempeñan los animales y, en concreto, los perros en la cultura de paz. Veremos cómo su labor puede resultar de gran trascendencia en ámbitos de actuación pública esenciales en cualquier modelo de sociedad, como son la sanidad, la salud o las emergencias. Posteriormente, destacaremos algunas experiencias latinoamericanas que ilustran ese cambio en la concepción del bienestar animal y su aportación a las sociedades actuales. Estas experiencias llaman al optimismo y que pueden ser propulsoras del cambio social hacia modelos de convivencia que comporten un beneficio común para animales y humanos, en las interacciones que puedan generarse entre ambos. Finalizaremos exponiendo algunas conclusiones y reflexiones generales que inciten a futuros investigadores a trabajar sobre esta misma materia. Queda mucho camino por recorrer, pero ya hemos empezado a andar.
PAZ Y SEGURIDAD ENGENDRADAS, SUSTENTABLES Y CULTURALMENTE DIVERSAS
Authors: Oswald Spring Úrsula
Published: March 2020

El análisis de este artículo relaciona la violencia existente en América Latina con el modelo de desarrollo impuesto, que ha deteriorado el bienestar de las mayorías y su salud humana. El desarrollo de este modelo ha creado inseguridad alimentaria, contaminado aguas prístinas, destruido selvas y bosques y ha forzado a millones de personas a abandonar su hogar por las crisis socioeconómicas, la pobreza, la inseguridad pública, el cambio climático y los desastres asociados. Dese una perspectiva de una paz y seguridad engendradas y sustentables el objeto de referencia se puede cambiar del territorio y la soberanía nacional, propia de los conceptos tradicionales político-militares que han resultado en el mundo global en guerras, crisis, miseria y conflictos permanentes. Dese un acercamiento de paz y seguridad engendradas y sustentables, basadas en igualdad y la sustentabilidad, amenazas ya no se causan por otros países y sus armas, sino por el modelo patriarcal dominante que estructuralmente ha desarrollado violencia física, explotación, discriminación y desigualdad. Este texto ofrece un doble objetivo: primero, un marco de análisis sistémico de las condiciones socioambientales y de conflictos emergentes; y segundo, sugiere acciones concretas que promuevan la igualdad, equidad, solidaridad, sustentabilidad ambiental y resolución noviolenta de conflictos dentro de una economía de regalo o economía solidaria en un mundo diverso y sustentable.
n. 15 - EXTINÇÃO DO CONSEA OU INSTITUIÇÃO DO “DESCONTROLE SOCIAL” NO PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE ALIMENTAÇÃO ESCOLAR (PNAE)?
Authors: Oliveira Francisco Adaylson Abreu , Carvalho Fabrício Arão Freire
Published: March 2020

Este estudo pretende analisar a recente extinção do Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (CONSEA), instância nacional de controle social para produção de alimentos saudáveis e livres de agrotóxicos, assim como a sua implicação ao pleno funcionamento do PNAE. A análise é desenvolvida a partir da revisão bibliográfica sobre controle social, da política educacional e das seguintes legislações: Medida Provisória (MP) nº 870/2019, Constituição Federal/1988, PNAE (lei 11947/2009), da análise documental e de dados da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) e do Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). A análise revelou que, apesar da trajetória de institucionalização conturbada do CONSEA, sua atuação foi fundamental na busca do direito a uma alimentação segura e saudável, sobretudo no PNAE, estando sua extinção intimamente articulada às medidas neoliberais e neoconservadoras de liberalização do uso de agrotóxicos sobre a produção de alimentos, antiga pauta de reivindicação da bancada ruralista, a qual o CONSEA vinha se opondo.
Effect of cultivar and year of harvest on the mineral composition of Algerian extra-virgin olive oils
Authors: Benamirouche-Harbi Karima , Keciri Sonia , Sebai Zohir , Benamirouche Hicham , Boudriche Lilya
Published: March 2020

Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of cultivar and year of harvest on the content of mineral elements of Algerian extra virgin olive oils.Area of study: Technical Institute of Arboriculture of Fruits and Vine (TIAFV), Bejaia, Algeria.Material and methods: The mineral contents of extra virgin olive oils from ten cultivars during two consecutive campaigns 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry and absorption in a graphite furnace after microwave-assisted acid digestion. Principal component analysis was applied to correlate the mineral content with cultivar type and year of harvest.Main results: Mean concentrations for Fe, Zn, Cu, Na, K, Mg, As and Co in samples were observed in the range of 1.640-13.213, 1.546-32.866, 1.375-3.337, 19.666-104.720, 4.573-117.133, 0.120-2.560, 0.006-0.146 and 0.002-0.051 μg g-1, respectively. The first three principal components retained 76.25% of the variance. The determinants of the effect of cultivar type and year of harvest were Fe and Na; Mg, Co and As, respectively.Research highlights: The study showed that mineral composition of the olive oils was mainly determined by the cultivar and the year of harvest.
Impact of Tourism Sector on Gross Domestic Product Growth in Jordan
Authors: AL-Tamimi Khaled Abdalla Moh'd
Published: March 2020

This study investigates the impact of development of tourism sector on GDP growth rate in Jordan by depending on annual statistics for the period (2010 – 2017); as receipts of tourism sector percentage to exports, arrivals of tourists and expenditures of tourism sector percentage to imports are independent variables, while growth rate of GDP (an indicator of economic growth), is a dependent variable. This paper begins with theoretical studies that analyze the impact of development of tourism sector on GDP growth rate, and empirical studies to analyze this impact. After that, it analyzes the impact of development of tourism sector on GDP growth rate in Jordan by depending on annual statistics for the period (2010 – 2017) by depending on ordinary least squares method by SPSS version. The study finds insignificant impacts of receipts of tourism sector percentage to exports and arrivals of tourists on GDP growth rate in Jordan by depending on annual statistics for the period 2010 to 2017, but there is a negative and significant impact of expenditures of tourism sector percentage to imports on GDP growth rate in Jordan by depending on annual statistics for the period 2010 to 2017. The study recommends decreasing expenditures of tourism sector due to their negative impacts on GDP growth rate.
E-Learning Evolution and Development From the Perspectives of Technology, Education, and Economy
Authors: Huynh Vy Dang Bich , Nguyen Phong Thanh , Nguyen Quyen Le Hoang Thuy To , Vu Ngoc Bich
Published: March 2020

E-learning has been and is an indispensable tool in the knowledge economy. It is attracting the special attention from many universities and educational institutions toward the goal of "learner-centric" because it is highly interactive, based on multimedia, enables learners to give exchange information more easily, and provides learning content that is appropriate to the capabilities and interests of each person. For more than forty years, e-learning has undergone a striking development that has paralleled technological breakthroughs. It, however, comes into the practice of education only upon integration into educational advances and based on the foundation of economic from three pillars: technology, education and economy, thereby highlighting the interactions among these factors and recommending orientations and synchronous solutions in this paper.
Formulation of Problem-Solving Design for Indonesian Informal Sector Migrant Workers Towards Post-Placement Independence: Case Study in Malaysia
Authors: Waridin Waridin , Dwiyanto Bambang Munas , Saraswati Retno , Mafruhah Izza
Published: March 2020

The large number of Indonesian migrant workers can cause many problems. This study has purposes to identify placement and migrant workers problems, to identify the placement path and the common thread of migrant workers’ problems, and to formulate a model of empowering post-placement migrant workers from Malaysia. The research method used in this study is mixed method, which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative variables. To answer the objectives use descriptive statistics are combined with Atlas, Analytical Hierarchy Process and qualitative analysis with indepth interview and Focus Group Discussion. The results show that the problems of migrant workers are divided into individuals and employers while the solution of the problem is prioritized by resolving the problems of migrant workers, completing during post-placement and training while in the shelter.
Factors Affecting the Incomes of Peasant Households Affected by Climate Change in Tra Vinh Province, Viet Nam
Authors: Nguyen Ha Hong , Nguyen Trung Thanh
Published: March 2020

The results of this study aim to propose implicational policies for the People's Committee of Tra Vinh province, Viet Nam; Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Tra Vinh province and related departments in Tra Vinh province. Thanks to these results, they may have effective solutions to support peasants who can have new circumstances in the areas of climate change due to adaptive salinization. It can also be stated that it is very necessary to find solutions to raise their incomes, improve better lives in the future. Studying factors on incomes of peasants’ households affected by climate change by direct interview method of 280 households, in 07 districts including: Tra Cu, Cau Ngang, Chau Thanh, Duyen Hai, Tieu Can, Cau Ke and Tra Vinh city in the regions affected by climate change in Tra Vinh province. By using multivariate regression method, the authors have found out the factors affecting peasants’ income in these regions: Diversifying income generation activities, demanding for bank loans, education, work experience and land areas of households. From the research results, it can be proposed the solutions to increase peasants’ income to adapt to climate change in these areas in the future.
The Relationship Between Good Corporate Governance and Performance of Most Liquid Stocks in Indonesia
Authors: Karim Abdul , Purwanto Agus
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of independent commissioners, managerial ownership, foreign ownership, debt, and audit quality on the performance of company shares included in LQ 45 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research sample is LQ 45 companies that issued financial statements as much as 120 companies with analysis technique used is multiple regression with one dependent variable and five independent variables. The results showed that foreign ownership, debt and audit quality have significant and positive effects on company performance. Moreover, the insider share ownership and the composition of independent commissioners were proven to not significantly affect company performance. This finding is practically useful to expand the possibility of foreign ownership, facilitate regulation of debt and quality audit obligations to improve stock performance. This study offers a new perspective on the implementation of good corporate governance in the context of the performance of liquid stocks on the stock exchange.
Investment in Agriculture and Extractive Industry: A Panacea for National Development
Authors: Omodero Cordelia Onyinyechi , Dandago Kabiru Isa
Published: March 2020

Economic diversification into agriculture and extractive industry in Nigeria has been a fascinating and crucial economic issue that deserves consideration especially as the country is shifting from mono-economy (caused by oil boom) to other viable economic sectors. The global economic meltdown and depression have stimulated countries to look into other sectors of the economy in order to enhance their national development. Hence, this study tries to examine the contribution of agriculture and extractive industry to the Nigeria’s real gross domestic product (RGDP). The study makes use of time series data gathered from CBN Statistical Bulletin ranging from 1981-2017 and employs Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method as the statistical tool with the aid of e-views version 9. The findings reveal that agriculture has a robust and noteworthy positive impact on RGDP while the solid mineral equally has a substantial positive influence on RGDP. However, crude petroleum (proxy for crude petroleum & natural gas) has a positive inconsequential effect on RGDP. This brings the study to a conclusion that investment in agriculture and solid minerals is highly imperative at the moment. Therefore, the study has suggested that economic diversification should be focused more on agriculture and solid mineral extraction. In addition, the government should try to manage the crude petroleum and natural gas exploration so as to prevent fund repatriation and transfer to other countries due to borrowed technology.
Reciprocity Between Productivity and Credit Growth in Vietnam’s Co-operatives Credit Institutions
Authors: Ha Van Duong
Published: March 2020

Co-operative credit institutions (CCIs) play an important role for achieving the national mission of financial inclusion. Therefore, we should be taking a wider view of productivity and credit and assessing productivity and credit growth. These are factors affecting the CCIs' operations and goals. This study used the panel data regression method with research data from thirty-two selected CCIs in Vietnam from 2013 to 2018. This study’s purpose to discover the reciprocity relationship productivity and credit growth in Vietnam's CCIs. By assessing the factors affecting the productivity and credit growth, the research results have determined the bidirectional interactions and causal relationships between productivity and credit growth. Based on the findings the study offers policy implication and new insights for developing a more sustainable CCIs and further emphasizes optimal policies to CCIs management that helps the policy-makers, CCIs managers and executives in improving the overall productivity, and the credit growth of CCIs going forward.
Marine Ecosystem Analysis of Gouldsboro and Dyer Bays, Maine
Authors: Adey Walter H. , Suskiewicz Thew S. , Rasher Douglas B.
Published: March 2020

In the early 1980s, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) initiated an ecosystem analysis of Gouldsboro Bay in eastern Maine as part of a planned marine sanctuary. The original report to NOAA by Walter H. Adey was not published after the sanctuary concept for Maine was abandoned. Because significant human-related climatic and ecosystem changes are underway in the Gulf of Maine, that report provides valuable baseline data and is included as the Appendix to this volume. After qualitatively describing the geological, physical, chemical, and biogeographical features of Gouldsboro Bay and adjacent Dyer Bay, we quantitatively describe the principal bay ecological communities with data collected during the 1981–1983 ecosystem assessment as well as additional measurements taken within the past decade. We then undertake a comparison of the primary productivity of these bays with the Google Earth Pro polygon tool to determine component areas. Benthic taxa are the dominant primary producers in both bays: rockweeds (primarily Ascophyllum nodosum, with Fucus vesiculosus secondary) in the intertidal; Irish moss (Chondrus crispus, with Fucus distichus secondary) as a near monoculture in the lowest intertidal (infralittoral); kelps (primarily Saccharina latissima, Laminaria digitata, and Agarum clathratum) in the rocky subtidal; and the angiosperm Zostera marina (seagrass) in soft bottom substrate. The rocky intertidal, dominated by Ascophyllum with a specific productivity of 10.6 kg/m2/year, provides nearly one-third of all bay productivity. Because of the proportionally greater shore length relative to area of Dyer Bay, it has 45% greater productivity for its surface area than Gouldsboro Bay. Kelp has a specific productivity value of 7.2 kg/m2/year, and Zostera of 1.2 kg/m2/year. The kelps provide approximately 20% of Gouldsboro Bay’s primary productivity and 35% of that of Dyer Bay. Zostera provides roughly 20% of total primary productivity in Gouldsboro Bay and 12% in Dyer Bay. With a primary productivity of 1.73 kg/m2/year, salt marshes provide only 3.7% (Gouldsboro) and 2.6% (Dyer) of total primary productivity. With a primary productivity of 0.06 kg/m2/year, plankton account for 23.8% of Gouldsboro Bay and 16% of Dyer Bay primary productivity.
The Satisfaction Study of People with Disabilities Regarding the Restaurant with Barrier-Free Environment in Taiwan Tourism Area
Authors: Chia-Hsin Cheng
Published: March 2020

The number of people with disabilities (PWDs) is expected to increase over years due to the increase of human lifespan and accidents. However, the PWDs as a result of some social factors, such as environment inaccessibility, insufficient job opportunity, inadequate education aids, etc. are excluded from participating their leisure activities or dining out in the society. This study aims to investigate and evaluate the design of barrier-free environment of restaurants in Taiwan famous tourism areas via the restaurant customer satisfaction of PWDs regarding the barrier-free facility and service quality. The results show that the qualified percentage of barrier-free physical environment design is only 44%, and PWDs are not satisfied with the barrier-free physical environment including the space allotted in parking lots, restroom accessibility for PWDs, as well as the slipperiness of floors. The regression analysis shows the barrier-free physical environment and service quality aspect with respect to post-purchase intentions reach statistical significance indicating the environment design for the PWDs is critical to the restaurant management especially in a tourism area.
Induced Defoliation and Corn Productivity Performance
Authors: Silva Wellington Junior Candido da , Dalchiavon Flávio Carlos
Published: March 2020

Due to the change in the environment, diseases and insects can reduce the leaf area of agricultural crops. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of induced defoliation on the vegetative and reproductive phases of corn on its agronomic characteristics. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Mato Grosso Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Campo Novo do Parecis campus, in a second crop system in the 2017/2018 agricultural year, with sowing in March. This study used a randomized complete block design, consisting of 24 treatments and three replications, comprising eight phenological stages. The treatments were performed from the fourth leaf stage (V4) to physiological maturation (R5), with defoliation in the lower, middle and upper thirds of the plant. The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, stem diameter, ears insertion height, ears length, ears diameter, ears weight, number of rows per ears, number of grains per row, weight of grain per ears, prolificity; harvest index, weight of one thousand grains and grain yield. Defoliation between the fourth (V4) and twelfth leaves (V12) does not interfere in the evaluated characteristics. Grain and ear weight are interfered when defoliation occurs in the middle and upper third of plants in V12. Defoliation between flowering (R1) and beginning of grain filling (R2) negatively affects the weight of one thousand grains, grain and ear weight, and may reduce grain yield by up to 30%. Defoliation in the upper third of the plant significantly reduces the diameter and length of ears, grain and corn ear of the corn crop.
Tannin Supplementation in Animal Feeding; Mitigation Strategies to Overcome the Toxic Effects of Tannins on Animal Health: A Review
Authors: Nawab Aamir , Tang Shuyan , Gao Wen , Li Guanghui , Xiao Mei , An Lilong , Wu Jiang , Liu Wenchao
Published: March 2020

Optimum animal production depends on the type of feedstuffs available for the whole year. Plants such as trees and shrubs have significance in the animal production due to high nutritious values of tannins which reduce the rumen protein degradability and improve the feed digestibility as well as amino acid absorption in the small intestine. But, some of these plant materials are usually rich in anti-nutritional factors, known as tannins. Tannins are a complex group of plant secondary compounds widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Tannins have both deleterious and advantageous effects depending on the types, doses, composition and concentration of tannins. Rural farmers face fodder scarcity during the winter season. Therefore, tannins containing browse species may help farmers to use tannins as supplementary feed for livestock. But higher concentrations of tannins cause metabolic disorder which in results reduces the animal productivity. Therefore, it is need to investigate the effects of tannin supplementation in animal feeding; mitigation strategies to overcome the toxic effects of tannins on animal health. In this review paper, we have discussed safety and hazard associated with tannins in animal feeding.
Socio-economic Impact of Chinese Agribusiness Entrepreneurs in Russian Far East on Local Farmers
Authors: Yi Fujin , Gudaj Richard T. , Arefieva Valeria , Yanbykh Renata , Mishchuk Svetlana , Potenko Tatiana A. , Zhou Jiayi , Zuenko Ivan , Kenina Diana
Published: March 2020

Since the liberalization of the Sino-Soviet border in 1990’s, Chinese farmers have been actively engaged in the economy of Russian Far East. Literature suggests that Chinese workers fill a labour shortage, contribute positively to local food security, with negative impacts being more socially normative and political, than economic. So far no economic empirical research exists about Chinese farmers’ presence in Russian Far East. On the basis of a panel data, an econometric model was used to analyse socio-economic impact of Chinese agribusiness entrepreneurs in Russian Far East on local households. Regression models show that presence of Chinese farmers in Russian Far East increases the probability of higher well-being, farm income, food costs and share of Chinese food purchased among Russian Far East households. These results suggest that benefits of cooperation with Chinese farmers and retailers should not be ignored when designing policies towards sustainable development of rural areas in Russian Far East. Possible environmental, social and economic externalities of further soybean production in Russian Far East are also discussed.
Polymorphism, Allelic and Genotypic Frequencies of κ-Casein and β-LG genes in Egyptian Buffaloes
Authors: Al-Shawa Z. M. , El-Zarei M. F. , Ghazy A. A. , Ayoub M. A. , Merdan S. M. , Mokhtar S. A.
Published: March 2020

With a view to detecting the genotypes of both κ-CN and β-LG genes in native populations of Egyptian buffalo using PCR-RFLP technique, 80 randomly, individuals were selected from five geographical locations of some Egyptian provinces. Also, to estimate the population genetic parameters such as, allelic and genotypic frequencies, heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficient (FIS) of these studied genes. For genotyping, 453 bp PCR product of κ-CN was digested with AcuI and HpyCH4IV (Isoschizomer for MaeII) restriction enzymes while the 247 bp PCR product of β-LG was digested with HaeIII restriction enzyme. PCR-RFLP results discovered polymorphism at the level of κ-CN gene in all studied Egyptian buffaloes with two distinct alleles “A” and “B”. PCR-RFLP analysis for κ-CN gene using both restriction enzymes successfully detected that polymorphic status of the studied populations. We recommended using AcuI enzyme which was more capable for differentiating between homozygous (17%) and heterozygous (83%) individuals than HpyCH4IV enzyme which defined only 4% of homozygous individuals and the remaining was heterozygous (96%) individuals. Existence of heterozygosity excess in all studied populations referred to higher degree of genetic variability between individuals within these populations. On contrary, results of PCR-RFLP at the level of β-LG gene revealed a monomorphic pattern of Egyptian buffaloes and genotyped as “AA” animals which signified that PCR-RFLP assay with HaeIII enzyme for β-LG gene failed to discover any evidence of polymorphism in Egyptian buffalo under the circumstances of this study or all studied animals possess only one allele.
Modeling sound distribution in the bus passenger area while driving (Modelowane rozkładu dźwięku w przestrzeni pasażerskiej autobusu podczas jazdy)
Authors: Orczyk Małgorzata , Tomaszewski Franciszek
Published: March 2020

The article presents the results of noise tests in 18 m Solaris Urbino public transport buses. In the passenger compartment of the tested vehicles, there were ten measuring microphones and a GPS device for measuring vehicle speed. These devices recorded speed and sound levels in the tested buses. The results of the measurements were used to assess the noise in the passenger space of buses and develop regression models for each microphone location. In their algorithms, these models considered vehicle speed and sound levels. The purpose of the tests was to check if the noise in individual microphone locations depends on the cruising speed of the bus and to assess the sound distribution along with the inside space of the vehicle in motion.

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań hałasu w autobusach komunikacji miejskiej typu Solaris Urbino 18 m. W przestrzeni pasażerskiej badanych pojazdów umieszczono 10 mikrofonów pomiarowych oraz urządzenie do pomiaru prędkości GPS, urządzenia te rejestrowały prędkość jazdy i poziomy dźwięku w badanych autobusach. Na podstawie wykonanych badań oceniono hałas w przestrzeni pasażerskiej autobusów oraz opracowano dla każdej lokalizacji mikrofonu modele regresyjne. Modele te w swoich algorytmach uwzględniały prędkość jazdy i poziomy dźwięku. Celem wykonanych badań było sprawdzenie czy hałas w poszczególnych lokalizacjach mikrofonów zależy od prędkości, z jaką jest realizowana jazda oraz zbadanie rozkładu dźwięku wzdłuż pojazdu podczas jazdy.
Should Transitional Justice Promote Forgiveness?
Authors: Snyder Joshua R. ,   Center for Peace and Justice Education at Villanova University
Published: March 2020

Over the past thirty years, transitional justice scholars have grappled with whether, and to what extent, post-conflict societies should foster forgiveness. In response to this question, this article argues that forgiveness is a legitimate goal of transitional justice, but that interpersonal forgiveness cannot be mandated by the government. It will look to the example of Guatemala to demonstrate how the recovery of narrative truth through individual and communal acts of remembrance enabled forgiveness while at the same time affirmed the need for justice. The article proceeds in two parts. First, it explores the praxis of forgiveness and the role of narrative truth and the healing of memory as constitutive elements of forgiveness. Second, it argues that Guatemala’s Recovery of Historical Memory Project (REMHI) is an illustration of this praxis. Finally, this article argues against conceptions of forgiveness that promote forgetting the past and forgoing justice.
Judaism, Christianity & Islam In Dialogue
Authors: Urban Kristen ,   Center for Peace and Justice Education at Villanova University
Published: March 2020

While most studies on the Abrahamic religions focus on the community of believers, this paper explores aspects of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam that foster “peace within” for the individual believer. It brings all three traditions into conversation with one another and is grounded in the understanding that the believer must find inner peace before s/he can make peace with the larger world. Given that Jews, Christians, and Muslims share a common spiritual ancestor Abraham, this study draws upon their theological narratives of the Creation Story, which highlights understandings of God and His relationship with humankind. For the believer, this relationship aids in the validation of others and fosters self-discovery in ways that lead to empowerment, helping the believer to find that small space in her wide-awake world where she can act.
Partier i nye tider
Authors: Green-Pedersen Christoffer
Published: March 2020

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Safety, Feasibility, and Efficacy of an Eccentric Exercise Intervention in People with Multiple Sclerosis with Ankle Contractures
Authors: Psarakis Michael , Lord Stephen R. , Hoang Phu D.
Published: March 2020

Background:

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the safety and feasibility of an eccentric exercise program for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have ankle contractures, ie, reduced ankle range of motion (ROM). Secondary aims were to explore the efficacy of this eccentric exercise on ankle joint ROM and functional mobility.

Methods:

Five adults with MS with ankle contractures (three women and two men; mean ± SD age, 50.8 ± 9.4; MS duration, 7.6 ± 5.6 years) completed two eccentric exercise training sessions (10–45 minutes) per week for 12 weeks. The training involved walking backward downhill on an inclined treadmill (gradient, 10°–14°) at a self-selected pace. The intervention was assessed for safety (adverse events), feasibility (recruitment rates, adherence rates, enjoyment levels, difficulty, and discomfort), and clinical outcomes, including passive/active ankle ROM and distance walked in 6 minutes.

Results:

There were no adverse events during or after the eccentric exercise training. There was a 100% adherence rate. All participants enjoyed the training and experienced low levels of muscle soreness/discomfort. The training program improved passive/active ankle ROM in all participants; however, improvements did not translate to improvements in walking for all participants.

Conclusions:

Walking backward and downhill is a safe and feasible training modality for people with MS with ankle contractures. Clinical outcomes (greater passive/active ankle ROM) after this eccentric exercise training were evident. However, translation to clinically meaningful changes in walking function requires further examination.
Reader engagement with medical content on Wikipedia
Authors: Maggio Lauren A , Steinberg Ryan M , Piccardi Tiziano , Willinsky John M
Published: March 2020

Articles on Wikipedia about health and medicine are maintained by WikiProject Medicine (WPM), and are widely used by health professionals, students and others. We have compared these articles, and reader engagement with them, to other articles on Wikipedia. We found that WPM articles are longer, possess a greater density of external links, and are visited more often than other articles on Wikipedia. Readers of WPM articles are more likely to hover over and view footnotes than other readers, but are less likely to visit the hyperlinked sources in these footnotes. Our findings suggest that WPM readers appear to use links to external sources to verify and authorize Wikipedia content, rather than to examine the sources themselves.
Design of Integrated Smart Fire Protection System for Rack Storage
Authors: Kim Jong-Hoon
Published: March 2020

It is very difficult to suppress fire by rapid flame spread through flue space between flammable commodities on the rack when a fire occurs in the rack storage. At present, the fire protection system for rack storage in Korea has many issues, and the new fire protection system was designed and developed by it. A smart system using the sensor network and artificial intelligence was designed to detect fire very rapidly and track the location of a fire. In the very early stages, the system was constructed using vertical open sprinkler pipes, wet pipes, and solenoid valves to allow water to spray near fire locations. Based on the design results, the system was installed and tested, and the full-scale test was successfully completed.
Study on the Evaluation of Radiant Heat Effects of Oil Storage Tank Fires Due to Environmental Conditions
Authors: Lee Jeomdong , Ryu Juyeol , Park Seowon , Yoon Myong-O , Lee Changwoo
Published: March 2020

In this paper, the risk of damages to humans and properties due to fire explosions in gasoline storage tanks is identified, and the effects of radiant heat on adjacent tanks are evaluated to present the necessary area to secure safety. A simulation was conducted to evaluate the effect of radiant heat (Maximum emission) on adjacent tanks in an oil storage tank fire due to environmental conditions (Wind speed and temperature) in the Northern Gyeonggi Province. The result indicated that the radiant heat released in the fire of an oil storage tank was increased by approximately 1.9 times by the maximum wind speed and the difference occurred in the range of 700~800 kW by the maximum temperature. If a storage tank fire occurs, securing approximately 34.4 m of holding area is necessary. In the future, evaluating the radiant heat emitted by the fire of gasoline storage tanks will be required by applying various environmental conditions, and through this, research on specific and quantitative holding area is required.
Selectivity of Fishing Gear for Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Commodities in Pangandaran Fishing Ground, West Java
Authors: Krismatama Satya , Riyantini Indah , Gumilar Iwang , Dewanti Lantun Paradhita
Published: March 2020

Scomberomorus guttatus is a large pelagic fish commodity in Pangandaran Regency. It has the highest amount and production values, therefore it needs to be maximally utilized but remains its sustainability. The purpose of this research is to determine the most selective fishing gear for Scomberomorus guttatus commodities based on the frequency of Scomberomorus guttatus length, the proportion of the main catch and by-catch in Pangandaran Regency for sustainable and environmentally friendly capture fisheries management. The data used in this study are the number of catches, catch weight and length of the Scomberomorus guttatus catches from gillnet, longline, and beach seine. Data used in research collected during November 2018-January 2019 in Pangandaran Regency. Analysis data used in the study is the analysis of the selectivity of the types of catches and the selectivity of the length of the catchable Scomberomorus guttatus from each of fishing gears. The results showed that of the three fishing gears used to catch Scomberomorus guttatus, gillnet is the most selective and productive fishing gear for utilizing Scomberomorus guttatus commodity because it has a 43,2% of main catch, 84,6% of the feasible Scomberomorus guttatus size. Longline is a fishing gear that is only selective to the length size of the Scomberomorus guttatus that has a percentage of decent size catch equal to 86,4%, while beach seine isn't selective fishing gear and unproductive for Scomberomorus guttatus commodities due to it designed to catch a demersal fish.
Fishing Vessel Characteristics with Multipurpose Gear to Support Fishing Operations in the Northern Sea of Java, Indonesia (Case Study in Indramayu)
Authors: Apriliani Izza M. , Dewanti Lantun P. , Khan Alexander M. A. , Herawati Heti , Rizal Achmad , Kusnadi Nadia M.
Published: March 2020

This study aims to analyze the ratio of the main dimensions of the vessel to see the performance of vessels with multipurpose gear. The research was conducted in February-March 2018 at the Karangsong Fish Landing Base (Ind: PPI), Indramayu. The object of research is the vessel used for fishing operations with multipurpose gear. The research method uses survey methods through the measurement of the main dimensions of fishing vessels, interviews and literature studies. The data obtained were then analyzed by comparative descriptive to compare the value of the ratio of the main dimensions of the vessel between Length and Breadth (L/B), the ratio between Length and Depth (L/D) and the ratio between Breadth and Depth (B/D). The calculation results of the ratio of the main dimensions of the vessel are then compared with the standard ratio values in Indonesia. Fishing vessels with multipurpose gear in Indramayu have good vessel motion characteristics but have an impact on slow speed, strong elongation strength of the vessel, and stability and ability to drive a good vessel. The dimension ratio of multipurpose gear vessels generally meets the criteria of the ratio of the main dimensions of vessels based on the method of operation in Indonesia. It should be noted that the L / B ratio tends to exceed the minimum standard criteria for the Indonesian dimension ratio, this results in slow speeds and will interfere with the setting and hauling fishing gear on seine boat and mini trawl fishing gear.
Chemical Composition of Three Different Fractions Obtained from the Leaves of Cassia occidentalis
Authors: Okonkwo C. O. , Udodia P. S.
Published: March 2020

The chemical composition of three different fractions (dichloromethane, methanol, benzene) obtained from the leaves of Cassia occidentalis via column chromatography was studied. The aim of the research is to identify the fraction with the highest composition of insecticidal compounds which may be responsible for the insecticidal activity of the plant. The leaves were dried and milled into fine powder, they were first extracted by maceration in various solvents and thereafter the resulting extracts were purified using column chromatography. Fractions obtained from the columns were analysed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). The GC-MS results revealed a total of nineteen compounds, prominent among them were hexadecane (45.10%) and heptadecane 8-methyl (13.61%) in the dichloromethane fraction. In the methanol fraction we had; pentadecanoic acid 14-methyl ester (15.50%) 9-octadecanoic acid (48.76%) and methyl stearate (27.6%). The benzene fraction contained; decane (4.70%); hexadecane (21.60%) and nonadecane (11.65%). The presence of decane, methyl stearate, hexadecane, 9-octadecanoic acic methyl ester, pentadecanoic acid -14 methyl ester, heptadecane 8-methyl and nonadecane in the plant extracts may be responsible for the insecticidal properties of Cassia occidentalis and should be of considerable interest to the development of novel natural insecticdes from this plant. All three fractions contained important insecticidal compounds, thus any of the solvents could be utilised in the formulation of potential biopesticides from C. occidentalis.
Effect of Seed Hydropriming on Seedling Emergence and Growth of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Adverse Climatic Condition of Drought and Salinity
Authors: Patil Shivasharanappa S. , Sajjan Ashok S. , Biradarpatil N. K.
Published: March 2020

Aim: Assessment of influence of seed hydropriming in seed and seedling vigour enhancement for stress tolerance in chickpea which is important for successful crop production under erratic climate change causing drought and salinity stress severely affecting the seedling emergence and establishment especially in arid and semi arid regions of the world.

Study Design: A three factorial randomised block design was used in the study, involving seed hydropriming treatment, chickpea varieties and growth conditions.

Place and Duration of the Study: The experiment was conducted in Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India, during the year 2018.

Methodology: Six months old chickpea seeds of variety JG-11 and Annigeri-1 were hydroprimed for 12 hours at 25°C in dark condition. The primed and unprimed control seeds are sown under normal, drought and salinity conditions imposed in pots under controlled conditions. The data recorded were analysed for Analysis of Variance (ANNOVA).

Results: The result of the experiment revealed that, upon seed hydropriming an average of 19 per cent increase in seedling emergence and 53.3 per cent increase in seedling vigour index was observed as compared to unprimed control seeds irrespective of variety and the abiotic stress conditions.
Opposite Effects of F1 and F5 Fractions of Total Methanol Leaf-extract of Dialium guineense (Cesalpiniaceae) on Blood Glucose in Rat
Authors: Barboza Firmin Sylva , Sène Madièye , Doupa Dominique , Ba Malick , Wélé Alassane , Yoro Sy Guata
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of total methanol leaf-extract of Dialium guineense (Cesalpiniaceae) and its fractions on blood glucose in rat.

The fractions of methanol extract were obtained by chromatography Sephadex LH 20 gel, numbered F1 to F5. Experiments were performed in normoglycemic, glucose tolerance test, and type 2 diabetic rats.

The total methanol leaf-extract (300 mg/kg, per os), induced a significant increase of blood glucose level in normoglycemic rats (2.27±0.12 vs 0.94±0.03 g/L) (p<0.05, n=5). F1 and F2 fractions (100 mg/kg, per os) increased the blood glucose level. Glycaemia respectively varied from 0.90 ± 0.03 to 2. 28 ± 0.22 g/L and 0.91 ± 0.03 to 1.43 ± 0.04 g /L (p<0.05, n=5). However, F5 fraction (300 mg/kg, per os), induced hypoglycemia (0.61 ± 0.01 vs 0. 80 ± 0.03 g/L) (p<0.05, n=5). F5 fraction prevented the pic of hyperglycemia caused by glucose (4 g/kg, per os). In type 2 diabetic rats, the daily oral administration of F5 fraction (300 mg/kg) induced an anti-hyperglycemic effect (1.28 ± 0.15 vs 4.48 ± 0.08 g/L). Fractionation by gel permeation chromatography allowed to highlight the presence of compounds both hyper-and hypoglycemic in total methanol leaf-extract of D. guineense. The lack of hypoglycemic effect in normoglycemic rats of total methanol leaf-extract, could respectively be related to the presence of both hyper- and hypoglycemic compounds in F1 and F5 fractions, which induced opposite effects.
Mesh Plug Migration Into the Ileum 11 Years After Open Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ogino Takayuki , Kim Yongkook , Hata Tomoki , Kawata Junji , Okano Miho , Okuyama Masaki , Tsujinaka Toshimasa
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

A mesh plug is used worldwide for tension-free repair of an inguinal hernia. This procedure is relatively quick, is easy to learn, has a low recurrence rate, has few complications, and offers rapid recovery; however, complications specific to the mesh plug are infrequently reported.

Case presentation:

We present a rare case of a 70-year-old man admitted to our hospital with right lower abdominal pain and groin swelling 11 years after open inguinal hernia repair using a mesh plug. Abdominal computed tomography showed a subcutaneous abscess in the right inguinal region and a thickened ileum wall. We diagnosed that a mesh plug had penetrated into the ileum wall, resulting in an abscess. The emergency operation revealed the mesh plug migration into the ileum, and removal of the mesh plug and partial resection of the ileum were performed. At 9 months after operation, there has been no recurrence of the hernia.

Conclusion:

Although rare, migration of the mesh plug should be considered in patients who have undergone inguinal hernia repair and have symptoms of acute abdominal pain, particularly when there is no previous history of abdominal surgery.
Assessment of biological dosimetric margin for stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Kawahara Daisuke , Saito Akito , Ozawa Shuichi , Shiinoki Takehiro , Kimura Tomoki , Tsubouchi Kento , Nagata Yasushi
Published: March 2020

Purpose

To develop a novel biological dosimetric margin (BDM) and to create a biological conversion factor (BCF) that compensates for the difference between physical dosimetric margin (PDM) and BDM, which provides a novel scheme of a direct estimation of the BDM from the physical dose (PD) distribution.

Methods

The offset to isocenter was applied in 1‐mm steps along left‐right (LR), anterior‐posterior (AP), and cranio‐caudal (CC) directions for 10 treatment plans of lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with a prescribed dose of 48 Gy. These plans were recalculated to biological equivalent dose (BED) by the linear‐quadratic model for the dose per fraction (DPF) of d = 3–20 Gy/fr and . BDM and PDM were defined so that the region that satisfied that the dose covering 95% (or 98%) of the clinical target volume was greater than or equal to the 90% of the prescribed PD and BED, respectively. An empirical formula of the BCF was created as a function of the DPF.

Results

There was no significant difference between LR and AP directions for neither the PDM nor BDM. On the other hand, BDM and PDM in the CC direction were significantly larger than in the other directions. BCFs of D95% and D98% were derived for the transverse (LR and AP) and longitudinal (CC) directions.

Conclusions

A novel scheme to directly estimate the BDM using the BCF was developed. This technique is expected to enable the BED‐based SBRT treatment planning using PD‐based treatment planning systems.