bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Integrative Exploration of Sexual, Physical, Psychological, and Cyber-Digital Relationship Abuse in Adolescent and Young Adult Relationships
Authors: Saint-Eloi Cadely Hans , Kisler Tiffani
Published: June 2021

Although detrimental for any age group, rates of experiencing sexual assault (SA) are found to be the highest among young adults; with nearly 25% of young adult women indicating to have experienced SA at least once in their romantic relationship. SA is also common among adolescents, as 33% of young women between the ages of 11–17 indicated to have been raped. The effects from SA include depression, trauma, and interpersonal distress, which are similar to the effects of other forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) (i.e., physical and psychological aggression), suggesting a covariation between these various forms of aggression. Additionally, a new form of dating violence has emerged; cyber-digital relationship abuse (CDRA). This behavior is commonly expressed via means of social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, & Snapchat) and through digital means (e.g., texting and email) whereby youth and young adults harass, threaten, control, and monitor their partners whereabouts. Recent studies have indicated that CDRA may serve as a precursor to physical violence in dating relationships. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an integrative exploration of sexual, physical, psychological, and CDRA by tracking the progression and concurrence across these various forms of IPV among youth and young adults. Implications for interventions will also be discussed.
Biostimulants as Plant Growth Stimulators in Modernized Agriculture and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Amjad Bashir Muhammad , Rehim Abdur , Raza Qurat-Ul-Ain , Muhammad Ali Raza Hafiz , Zhai Limei , Liu Hongbin , Wang Hongyuan
Published: June 2021

Plant growth stimulators (growth regulators + biostimulants; PGS) are chemical substances (organic/inorganic), helpful in plant growth and development. These are not considered as the replacement of fertilizers but can help in improved crop and soil quality. Both compounds can amplify the root biomass, nutrients translocation, enzymatic activities, crop yield, physiology, and nutrient uptake. Biostimulants are rich in minerals, vitamins, plant hormones, oligosaccharides, and amino acids. These compounds have a serious role to improve soil health, fertility, sorption, and desorption of nutrients. Hence, have a vital character in nutrients cycling, abiotic stress control, heavy metals bioavailability, and greenhouse gaseous emission. This chapter focuses on the discussions about the influence of plant growth regulators and biostimulants in crop production, soil health, heavy metal cycling, greenhouse gases emission with environmental sustainability. Whereas, the impact of biostimulants on greenhouse gases is a research gap.
Techno Economic Studies on the Effective Utilization of Non-Uniform Biowaste Generation for Biogas Production
Authors: Glivin Godwin , Vairavan Mariappan , Manickam Premalatha , Sekhar Santhappan Joseph
Published: June 2021

Environmental effects from traditional energy sources and government regulations, necessitate the use of alternative energies like biogas for many uses including drying and refrigeration. Biowaste produced in educational institutions will not be uniform over the year. The non-uniform supply of biowastes, the absence of studies on bio digestion of likelihood biomass, the unreliability of energy from such conversion and the profitability of its usage in most applications are some of the factors to be considered while implementing this technology. In this regard, theoretical and experimental evaluations were carried out to accurately forecast biogas generation capabilities in educational campuses for obtaining biofuels with quantity and efficiency. It is observed that biogas generation with 52 to 58% methane content can be possible during an academic year. The quality of biogas shows that it is appropriate for almost any application. A broader analysis on different types of biogas digesters was conducted for their suitability in academic institutions. The economic benefits are analyzed for incorporating three biogas digesters namely KVIC, Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) type and JANATA. There are some encouraging results to confirm the economic feasibility of biogas plants including positive net present value. Biogas generation with digesters of capacities varying between 25 and 450 cubic meter shows payback periods varies from 3.18 to 7.59 years, which confirms that it is profitable to use digesters in this range of capacities.
Post-Liver Transplant Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Reactivation, Graft, and Patient Survival Rates in Iranian Population
Authors: Jamalidoust Marzieh , Namayandeh Mandana , Pouladfar Gholamreza , Ziyaeyan Mazyar
Published: June 2021

Background: Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the major complication of viral infection in immunocompromised patients. This opportunistic infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality in transplanted recipients. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine CMV burden and assess the clinical outcome in the liver recipients with CMV reactivated infection at Nemazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Methods: This retrospective study examined 657 patients who underwent liver transplantation during 2014 - 2017 to identify the CMV infection, morbidity, and mortality rates. To this end, the medical records of such patients were reviewed, and their rejection/survival rates were analyzed. Accordingly, the CMV infection was diagnosed by Taq-Man real-time PCR assays. Results: In this study, 151 (23%) had CMV reactivation at least one year after liver transplantation. Viremic patients had a viral burden between 300 - 738790 copies/mL. In this study, 41 persons (6.2%) died, and 58 liver transplant patients (8.8%) had rejection experience up to one year after their operation. Among the 41 dead patients, 21 and 20 cases were with and without CMV-reactivation, respectively. The results demonstrated that the mortality rate was significantly higher in the CMV-infected patients than the non-CMV-infected counterparts. In contrast, the graft survival rate was not significantly different between the two groups (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: In the present study, CMV infection can serve as a significant mortality predictor in LT patients.
I Do So, Like Durian
Authors: Everard Jann ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: June 2021

Where does racism come from? How do experiences with other cultures change our views of race? In this work of philosophical short fiction, Holly, a young teenage girl, heads into Chinatown against her mother’s wishes to visit Jon, a teenage boy, she is interested in dating. He is working at his parents’ Chinese restaurant. She has taken public transportation to Chinatown with her mother knowing, and against her mother’s wishes. Her mother has a strong bias against the area and the people. Holly gets off the bus at the wrong place and gets lost, but friendly locals direct her the right way. She is amazed by the differences in food and culture she sees all around her and ends up buying a durian. Eventually, she finds the restaurant (still carrying the durian), and finds Jon working. Jon is surprised and slightly embarrassed to see Holly and explains to her she will not like taste of the durian. Holly is warmly welcomed by one of Jon’s relatives in the restaurant who agrees to take her in the back and show her out to prepare her exotic fruit.
Keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan semut pada perkebunan kakao di Jawa Timur: pengaruh kondisi habitat dan keberadaan tropobion
Authors: Yuniasari Novita - , Yuliastanti Nely - , Himawan Toto - , Rizali Akhmad -
Published: June 2021

Kondisi habitat di sekitar pertanaman kakao yang meliputi tutupan kanopi dan vegetasi bawah (gulma) serta keberadaan tropobion kutu putih (Planococcus sp.) dapat mempengaruhi keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan semut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan semut pada perkebunan kakao serta mempelajari pengaruh kondisi habitat perkebunan kakao dan keberadaan tropobion terhadap kekayaan spesies dan kelimpahan semut. Penelitian dilaksanakan di 12 lokasi yang tersebar di lima kabupaten di Jawa Timur. Pengambilan contoh semut dilakukan dengan metode umpan tuna dan pengambilan secara langsung. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan 8 spesies semut dari 5.475 individu. Semut paling dominan yang ditemukan pada lokasi penelitian, yaitu Dolichoderus thoracicus (Smith) dan Technomyrmex albipes (Smith). Berdasarkan analisis regresi, terdapat hubungan antara tutupan kanopi dan keanekaragaman vegetasi dengan spesies semut, tetapi tidak dengan kelimpahannya, sedangkan keberadaan tropobion menunjukkan korelasi positif dengan kelimpahan semut. Kondisi habitat pertanaman kakao dan keberadaan tropobion mempengaruhi keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan semut di perkebunan kakao.
The subject of liability in road traffic accident involving a highly or fully automated vehicle
Authors: Mikhaleva Irina Sergeevna , Sergunova Anastasiya Sergeevna
Published: June 2021

The object of this research is the system of socio-legal relations in the sphere of ensuring road traffic safety. The subject of this research is the legal norms that regulate the administrative-legal status of the driver of automated vehicle in the instance of committing offense that caused a road traffic accident. The goal of this article consists in the analysis of the normative framework that regulates operation of automated vehicle on the road, as well as the administrative-legal status of the driver of such vehicle. Analysis is conducted on the foreign experience, federal legislation, bylaws and departmental acts pertaining to consolidation of the the legal status of the driver of automated vehicle in the instance of committing offense that caused a road traffic accident. The novelty of this work is defined by practical and scientific relevance of the problems of the activity of law enforcement agencies in the area of ensuring road traffic safety, as well as the need for improving the legal framework that regulates the authority of the Russian police. The acquired results can be used in legislative activity of the government branches, activity of the law enforcement agencies, educational institutions, scientific research of the experts dealing with the problems of ensuring road traffic safety, improvement of the branches of Russian legal system.
Urban development of Amarah (Iraq) during the mid XIX – early XXI centuries
Authors: AL-Jabri Mohanad Kadhem Ali
Published: June 2021

Many countries currently suffer from uneven development of urban areas. There are no requirements for integrated development. Land use in the cities varies depending on physical characteristics and material value. Spatial development is closely connected to socioeconomic arrangement of the city. The study is based on the analysis of urban construction, land use, economic development, and municipal policy. The historical approach allowed following the stages of functionality and development via determination of most notable historical incidents associated with urban aspects. The goal of this article consists in tracing the history of development of the city Amarah from the perspective of urban planning. The author examines the evolution of Amarah in the context of geography, politics and economy. The conducted research reveals the significant transformations and changes that that took place in the last 30 years, namely after 1980, in early 1991 and after 2003, which considerably affected the spatial structure of the city. It is clearly evident that the city Amarah have undergone five different stages: the first and second are the phases of evolution, the third is the phase of discovery, and the fourth and fifth are the phases of major expansion.
Art education in China in the XX century: national traits, international trends, and Russian influence (on the example of the Central Academy of Fine Arts)
Authors: Wang Shujing
Published: June 2021

The Central Academy of Fine Arts is the only higher education institution of fine arts under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. The history of the National Art School in Beiping dates back to the establishment of the National School of Fine Arts in Beijing in 1918, which was supported by the prominent pedagogue of art and its first director Cai Yuanpei. It was the first national school in the history of China, laid the foundation for the modern Chinese education in the field of fine arts. This article is dedicated to the analysis of the key events of more than a century-long history of the school, which allows tracings the evolution of the Chinese art education, and gives a better perspective on the role of modern China in the art world. The novelty of this work lies consists in description of the process of establishment of art education in China in the XX century, classification of the national traits of this period on the example of the Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing, as well as analysis of the Soviet impact upon the Chinese education in the field of art history. The international cooperation with the Russian School of Painting, namely I. E. Repin Academy of Fine Arts had a beneficial impact. The study of Chinese students in the USSR allowed the following generations to implement such valuable experience. The ancient techniques and plotline received a new life in the works of modern artists, which are justifiably regarded as the achievement and progress in the national culture.
Family tamga as a sociocultural graphic symbol
Authors: Galimova Nailya Vagizovna
Published: June 2021

This article explores the problems of the poorly studied sociocultural practices of spiritual-educational fund of ethnic cultures, among which of particular importance is the study of historical and aesthetic specificity of graphic symbolism. The author reviews the ideographic image of the family symbol of ownership “tamga” from the perspective of mutual influence of ethnocultural practices of different people that manifests through the system of symbols. Analysis is conducted on the interaction of ethnic graphic symbols in the evolutionary processes of sociocultural activity of the ethnoses. Symbolic ideographic images have always played a significant role in the evolutionary processes of sociocultural activity of the society. Symbols prompted the emergence of writing system, art, education and upbringing, and up to now are associated with the modern worldview. In the course of research, the author determines the characteristic artistic features socially meaningful forms of ethnic culture. Existing as a the visual forms of control over the processes of spiritual development, the symbolic forms infiltrate from one creative system into another, exerting a direct influence upon the artistic-aesthetic content and cultural meaning of the new image. These graphic codes, depending on the semantic generality, define cultural significance of the symbol in folk art. The relatively small number of publications dedicated to the research of graphic image of the social symbol (tamga) allows summarizing the results acquired by the Russian and foreign scholars in this field.
The impact of political instability upon the increase of terrorism in the Middle East
Authors: Novikov Andrey Vadimovich
Published: June 2021

The key goal of the article is to examine whether the domestic political instability associated with the “Arab Spring” caused the subsequent surge of global terrorism, which reached its peak in 2014. The author reviews six different types of domestic political instability: antigovernment demonstrations, national strikes, government crises, government repression, disturbances, and revolutions. Using the regression models, the author clarifies the impact of such factors as the level of education, Internet access, economic development, democratization indexes, and the degree of religious and ethnic fragmentariness. Analysis is conducted on the results of the models separately for different types of political regimes, forms of domestic political instability, and global regions. The results of construction and analysis a number of negative binomial regression models testify to the support of “escalation effect”, which implies that heightened intensity of domestic political instability leads to the surge of terrorist attacks. More severe forms of domestic political instability, namely repression and disturbances, generate a higher level of terrorism; however, revolution, as the most severe form of domestic political instability does not produce such effect. The formulated conclusions are also substantiated by the fact that certain forms of political instability have a different impact upon terrorism and its peculiarities, depending on the geographical region and the type of political regime.
On the use of modern technologies of information survey
Authors: Tikhanychev Oleg Vasilyevich
Published: June 2021

The subject of this research is the process of software development for automated control systems. The object of this research is the initial stage of this process – information survey of the object of automation. At the present stage, despite availability of quite an extensive list of automation means for the formation of information models of automated objects, this process is not always structured rationally. One of the reasons lies in the absence of methodology for the use of modern technologies for building information models. For solution of this problem, the author formulates a scientific and practical task for improving the process of information survey of the objects of automation based on the modern approaches and specialized means for their implementation. The article employs the methods of analysis and synthesis. Based on the analysis of peculiarities of building information models of automated control systems, in addition to the “classical” iterative approach, the author synthesizes the algorithms that are based on the principles of building the model from the output document of the program and sequential description of the operator's actions in the software on the input of information in fulfilling the functional tasks. The implementation of the proposed algorithms in practice may ensure the effectiveness of using modern automation means for information survey, by inserting into the process of software creation for automated control systems.
Development of the method of visualization for production facilities with application of augmented reality technologies
Authors: Reshetnikova Elena Sergeevna , Usataya Tatyana Vladimirovna , Kurzaeva Lubov Viktorovna
Published: June 2021

This article reviews the experience of application of VR-AR technologies (virtual and augmented reality technologies) for visual demonstration of production facilities in the process of engineering and operation. The three-dimensional modeling in CAD systems is commonly used as a means for development of construction documentation, visualization of work at different stages of engineering, and preparation of objects for engineering analysis. The authors believe that the use of AR-solutions not in parallel, but along with modern CAD systems for solution of engineering and design problems would allow avoiding design flaws and simplify the process of demonstration of projects. Based on the blueprints and three-dimensional models of the parts and assembly of two-stage reduction gear used  for lifting a thermal furnace in metallurgical production, within the framework of development of the Unity multimedia application is developed the AR application for visual demonstration of the device. As the guide mark for visualization is selected the assembly drawing of the reduction gear in digital graphical format edited in the Vuforia portal. The guide mark database is imported into the Unity environment, the logic of implementation of the technique for demonstrating the assembly of the device and separate parts is written in script program. The application is installed on a smartphone and tested; pointing the camera at the printed assembly drawing allows seeing the 3D model of the reduction gear from different angles, hide any details and scrutinize the device. The AR-applications developed according to the proposed method can be used in the process of training operational personnel, which would improve the performance and quality of work during installation and maintenance of industrial facilities, as well as for displaying the projects during exhibitions and presentations of new products.
Testing of the droplet phase model during the experiment on modeling the formation of acidulous cloud
Authors: Pekunov Vladimir Viktorovich
Published: June 2021

The problem of numerical modeling of the formation (as a result of condensation growth and droplet collisions) and development of primary acidulous cloud considers various factors: the presence of temperature gradients, turbulence, direct solar radiation heating the air and walls of buildings, diffuse solar radiation (which describes radiation cooling), transfer of gaseous pollutants and their absorption by droplets. The author earlier formulated the corresponding complex mathematical model that takes into account the aforementioned factors. This article sets the task of testing the droplet component of this model through numerical modeling of the processes in the emerging cloud, with subsequent comparison of the results with theoretical and empirical correlations. The author obtained the new results of numerical modeling of acidulous cloud in the air over a vast urban area with high-density development  on the basis of the comprehensive mathematical model that takes into account the above listed factors and relies on the interpolation-sectional submodel of droplet phase. The author models the dynamics and kinetics of such cloud that absorbs gaseous sulphur dioxide; and obtains results on the intensity of absorption of this pollutant in the forming cloud. The comparison of these results with the known data (Hrgian-Mazin droplet distribution and interpolation ratio for the water level of the cloud) demonstrated quite a coincidence of droplet distribution and water level of the cloud. The conclusion is made on sufficient adequacy of application of the ecological model that includes a special submodel of droplet phase.  
The study of memoir texts in modern ‘linguistics: a brief analytical overview
Authors: SONG DANDAN
Published: June 2021

The goal of this article is to present a brief analytical overview of the modern linguistic studies of memoir texts. The object of this research is the scientific works of the linguists of two recent decades dedicated to memoirs. The subject is the polemical questions in the linguistic descriptions of memoir texts. The article examines the problem of identification of genre status of memoirs and systematization of genre forming attributes of the memoir texts. Various approaches towards their classification are described. Special attention is given to the aspects of studying memoirs in modern linguistics. The key research method is the traditional for linguistics analytical-descriptive method for reviewing the scientific literature on the topic. The author proves heightened attention of the Russian linguistics towards studying memoir texts. It is revealed that the Russian scholars attribute memoirs to the documental, documental-fictional, or documental-publicistic genres, as well as propose various approaches towards their classification, which is substantiated by different interpretation of the concept of “memoirs”. It is also determined that multiple research of memoir texts are cross-disciplinary; however major attention is paid to linguopragmatic and linguopersonological aspects. Emphasis is placed on the memoirs of prominent writers, politicians, and military officers. The author acknowledges that the study of memoir texts in the linguoimagological aspect is promising. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the acquired results give a systematic perspective on the problem of linguistic research of memoir literature as the Russian national heritage.
Lyrical object and other lyrical characters in J. Brodsky’s cycle “Part of Speech”
Authors: Rakhmatova Alisa Mukhamatovna
Published: June 2021

The object of this research is the poetics of J. Brodsky's cycle “Part of Speech” as literary unity. The subject of this research is the subjective organization of poems included in the cycle “Part of Speech”. Special attention is given to the nature of value attitude of the lyrical object towards other characters depicted in poems of the cycle. Such attitude is viewed as an aspect of authorial artistic reflection and assessment of depicted reality. Following the footsteps of S. N. Broytman, the author interprets the lyrical object as a speech bearer, as well as the main (encompassing other) perspective on the world in the poem. The lyrical character is a supported character, being assessed by the lyrical object (lyrical characters include a “lyrical addressee” and “lyrical You”). The scientific novelty of this research consists in viewing the nature of value attitude of the lyrical objects towards other lyrical characters in the “Part of Speech” as an aspect of poetics of the cycle as literary unity (previous studies were dedicated only to separate poems of J. Brodsky’s cycle). The analysis of selected texts of the cycle indicates the specific nature of the relationship between lyrical object and other characters depicted in the poems: 1. the relationship of the lyrical object with other characters (the lyrical heroine, “You”, etc.) is built as an anti-dialogue, demonstrating total loneliness of the lyrical object; 2. The theme of loneliness in the cycle also intersects with the artistic images for yourself; 3. in the “Part of Speech”, the forms of indirect representation of the lyric object (when the lyrical subject refers to himself as another) also point at his self-centeredness, loneliness, and disruption of ties with others.
The functions of the theme of memory in the novel “The Buried Giant” by Kazuo Ishiguro
Authors: Marinina Yulia , Slabunov Vyacheslav Nikolaevich
Published: June 2021

This article reviews the role of the theme of memory in the novel “The Buried Giant” by Kazuo Ishiguro. The motives of regeneration and loss of memory are relevant in modern literature as a whole and in works of K. Ishiguro in particular. The research is based on the methods of motivic and culturological analysis. In the novel “The Buried Giant”, the theme of memory has a structural meaning. It manifests through the spatial-temporal arrangement of the text, system of characters, symbolism of the novel, and organizes the core antithesis of the work – cultural memory and “mist” (embodiment of oblivion), which creates with the plotline and images of the characters. In the text of the novel, the people lose memory; the limits between the “native” and “alien”, the past and the future are blurred. The theme of memory is the source of unravelling of the plot. The two storylines are distinguished: external (the path of the characters seeking their son) and internal (regeneration of memory). The theme of memory organizes the system of characters: the protagonists Axl and Beatrice reconstruct the events preceding the beginning of the novel and accept them. Sir Gawain and Wistan remember the past, but they have a different attitude towards collective memory: the first one wants to prolong the oblivion, while the other one wants to restore the people's memories. The research demonstrates the role of the theme of memory within the structure of K. Ishiguro's novel “The Buried Giant”, which reveals the author's idea: nothing can be forgotten completely.
Structural-typological description of beekeeping terms in the Kumyk, Russian and English languages
Authors: Abdullabekova Umsalimat Bagautdinovna
Published: June 2021

The subject of this research is the word-forming structure of beekeeping terms in the Kumyk, Russian and English languages. The article describes the distinctive features of terminological word formation in the area of “beekeeping” in the aforementioned languages. For determining the type of word formation, the author uses the number and composition of the components. The similarities in common literary and terminological word formation are identified. It is demonstrated that in the corresponding terminology of the Kumyk language prevail the terminological phrases. The prevalence of phrases in the  languages under reviews is explained by the fact that the term not only denotes the concept, but to a certain extent reflects to its content. This requires the creation of mainly terms-phrases that can reflect the characteristics of the concept to the fullest. On the other hand, the growing number of terminological phrases in the Kumyk language indicates that beekeeping terms in the Kumyk language are translated from the Russian language, therefore part of the terms first appear as a result of clarification of their meaning. Whole terms comprise approximately 30% of all terms of the corpus. These terms are naturally included in the terminological phrases as the nuclear words and defining in the terminological phrases. In beekeeping terminology of tge Kumyk and English languages, prevail N/R + N/R models, which the authors believe is a reflection of common literary word formation.
Linguistic peculiarities of the genre of recruitment ads: functional aspect
Authors: Van Mo
Published: June 2021

The subject of this research is the linguistic peculiarities of the genre of recruitment ads as one of the key genres of written communication in the Russian-language discourse. The verbal realization of the genre of advertisement in recruitment sphere is of particular value as a subject of sociolinguistic and communicative analysis. The examination of linguistic characteristics of the discourse on employment is necessary in order for the actors of communication to use most effective verbal means of application of the mechanisms of social adaptation in the corresponding communicative situation, which can contribute to the effective interaction of all participants of the discourse, as well as considerably contribute to the solution of employment question. The goal of this work consists in determination of verbal characteristics of an advertisement within the discourse on employment. In the course of the research, it was establishment that recruitment ads use the linguistic means formal business and publicistic styles. The acquired results can be implemented in the development of courses for preparation of human resource specialists. The texts of such advertisements can be used in the process of teaching professional communication, including in teaching Russian language to foreign students. The novelty is consists in determination and substantiation of the linguistic peculiarities of such genre of written communication as recruitment ads in the Internet environment. The author notes a new trend in functionality of language in the institutional discourse– a unique combination of the characteristics of two styles on the lexical, grammatical and syntactic levels. The conclusion is made that genre of recruitment ads is a “borderline” genre at the intersection of formal business and publicistic styles.
Molecular simulation for adsorption and separation of CH4/H2 in zeolites
Authors: Yuan Jun-Peng , Liu Xiu-Ying , Li Xiao-Dong , Yu Jing-Xin ,   College of Science, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
Published: June 2021

Based on the high-throughput calculation method of molecular simulation, except the structures with zero surface area and less than zero adsorption capacity, four geometric descriptors (largest cavity diameter, specific surface area, pore volume and porosity), an energy descriptor (heat of adsorption), adsorption capacity, and adsorption selectivity coefficient of 199 zeolites are obtained. By studying the correlation between structural characteristics and adsorption separation performance, the result shows that when the largest cavity diameter is 6 Å, the surface area is 1400–2100 m2·g–1, and the pore volume is in a range of 0.2–0.3 cm3·g–1, the zeolite has the greatest influence on the adsorption capacity and adsorption selectivity for methane molecules. At the same time, it is found that the largest cavity diameter and porosity of zeolite molecular sieves have a positive correlation, and there is also an obvious linear relationship between the CH4 adsorption selectivity coefficient of the equimolar CH4/H2 mixed component and the single-component CH4 adsorption capacity. By using the grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation method, physical quantities such as adsorption isotherms and isosteric heats of adsorption for CH4 and H2 of three channel-shaped zeolites are obtained. The result shows that the pore structure (surface area and pore volume) of the channel-shaped zeolite has a greater influence on the CH4 adsorption capacity than the energy effect (heat of adsorption), under the same external environment. Combining with the industrial background of steam methane reforming hydrogen production, the separation and selectivity performance of the CH4/H2 mixed system under different components are further studied. The result reveals that there is no correlation between adsorption selectivity of ultra-microporous zeolite material for CH4 and bulk pressure or feed ratio. According to the centroid distribution density of gas molecules, it is found that CH4 preferentially occupies the space of smaller pore windows in the channel-shaped zeolite, while the distribution range of H2 is larger but there is no unambiguous preferential adsorption site.
Various effects induced by local synchronization in neural networks
Authors: Bai Jing , Guan Fu-Rong , Tang Guo-Ning ,   College of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China,   Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
Published: June 2021

In the cerebral cortex, the large-scale synchronous firing of neurons can cause epilepsy, during which spiral waves can spontaneously occur. The relationship between the synchronous firing of a large number of neurons and the spontaneous generation of spiral waves is still unclear. In this paper, a two-dimensional neuronal network with the long-range coupling regions generated by adding long-range horizontal connections is constructed. The Morris-Lecar neuron model is used to study the propagation of waves in the two-dimensional neuronal network with the rectangular long-range coupling regions. Numerical simulation results show that the plan and target waves whose propagation directions are both parallel to that of the long-range coupling can lead the neurons to be excited synchronously in the long-range coupling region. This synchronous firing is accompanied by delayed firing of some neurons and premature firing of others. When the width of the long-range coupling region exceeds the critical width, all the neurons in the long-range coupling region delay firing. When the width of the long-range coupling region exceeds a maximum conduction width, the waves will not pass through the long-range coupling region. When the size of the rectangular region of the long-range coupling is selected appropriately, the synchronous excitation of neurons can cause network to present the backfiring effect and to have the selectivity of wave propagation direction. Furthermore, the selectivity of wave propagation direction is very sensitive to whether the neuron is in the stationary state and also to the change of coupling strength, so that the high frequency plane wave train can partially pass through the long-range coupling region whose width exceeds the maximum conduction width. So we can control whether the wave can pass through the long-range coupling region of a certain width by giving the neurons in the long-range coupling region a tiny perturbation. When one or two long-range coupling regions are constructed in the neural network and the size of the long-range coupling regions is selected appropriately, the self-sustaining plane wave, spiral wave and target wave can appear spontaneously in the network when the wave passes through the long-range coupling regions. The physical mechanisms behind those phenomena are also analyzed.
A time-correlated single photon counting signal denoising method based on elastic variational mode extraction
Authors: Wang Shu-Chao , Su Xiu-Qin , Zhu Wen-Hua , Chen Song-Mao , Zhang Zhen-Yang , Xu Wei-Hao , Wang Ding-Jie ,   Key Laboratory of Space Precision Measurement Technology, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
Published: June 2021

The performance of the method of measuring the time-correlated single photon counting signal is the key to improving the ranging accuracy of single photon light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technique, where noise elimination is a critically essential step to obtain the characteristics of signal. In this paper, a new method called elastic variational mode extraction (EVME) is proposed to extract the feature of the reflected photons from noisy environment. The method takes into account the characteristic of photon counting signal, and improves variational mode decomposition (VMD) method by adopting a new assumption that the extractive mode signal should be compact around desired center frequency. The proposed method also uses the elastic net regularization to solve ill-posed problem instead of Tikhonov regularization mentioned in VMD. Elastic net regularization takes into account both L2-norm regularization and L1-norm regularization, which can add an extra analysis dimension compared with the Tikhonov regularization. The method is validated with real data which are acquired on condition that average transmitting power is 25 nW while the average background noise power is 19.51 μW. The root mean square error of the reconstruction accuracy reaches 1.414 ns. Furthermore, compared with VMD, Haar wavelet, Hibert envelope, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition method based on adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) under different conditions, the proposed method show fast and stable performance under an extreme case.
Fast autaptic feedback induced-paradoxical changes of mixed-mode bursting and bifurcation mechanism
Authors: Jiang Yi-Lan , Lu Bo , Zhang Wan-Qin , Gu Hua-Guang ,   School of Mathematical Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China,   School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Published: June 2021

Bursting is a complex multiple-time-scale nonlinear phenomenon in a nervous system and exhibits diverse patterns, which is modulated by the excitatory or inhibitory effect to achieve the physiological functions. According to the bifurcations of the fast subsystem, bursting is classified as different patterns including the mixed-mode bursting. Recently, many studies have found the paradoxical phenomena contrary to the common concept that the inhibitory effect induces the electrical activity to decrease or the excitatory effect induces the discharge activity to increase, which enriches the connotation of the nonlinear dynamics. To identify more examples of paradoxical phenomena of different bursting patterns and the underlying nonlinear mechanism, in the present study the paradoxical phenomena for the complex mixed-mode oscillations of the bursting pattern induced by the self-feedback mediated by both the inhibitory autapse and excitatory autapse and the bifurcation mechanism are acquired in the modified Morris-Lecar model. By using the fast/slow variable dissection method, the complex dynamics of the bursting is acquired, which is that the depolarization block behavior appears after the burst and before the quiescent state. The burst begins from a saddle-node bifurcation in an invariant cycle (SNIC) and terminates at a fold limit cycle (FLC) bifurcation. Furthermore, the FLC bifurcation is identified to play a key role in generating the paradoxical phenomenon. The inhibitory autapse induces the FLC bifurcation to shift leftward. However, the SNIC point remains unchanged. The change of FLC bifurcation point leads the parameter range of the burst to widen, the number of spikes per burst to become larger, and the average firing frequency to turn higher. Unlike the inhibitory autapse, the excitatory autapse induces the FLC bifurcation to shift rightward, and SNIC to be unchanged, thus reducing the bursting activity. Such results are different from those of the paradoxical phenomenon induced by the inhibitory autapse instead of excitatory autapse for the other bursting pattern and by the slow auatpse, which present a novel example and regulation mechanism of the paradoxical phenomena of the bursting patterns and show the diversity of the paradoxical phenomena, thus helping understand the potential functions of the bursting and self-feedback modulations of the brain neurons.
A tunable narrow-band plasma photonic crystal filter based on bound state
Authors: Zhou Ming-Jie , Tan Hai-Yun , Zhou Yan , Zhuge Lan-Jian , Wu Xue-Mei ,   Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,   Key Lab of Thin Film Materials of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou 215006, China,   School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,   Analysis and Testing Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
Published: June 2021

Photonic crystals are widely used in a class of narrow-band frequency selective filter due to their excellent ability to control electromagnetic waves, in which the working frequency depends on the structural parameters of the point defect resonant cavity of the photonic crystal, and the introduction of some dispersive media into the cavity makes the filter adjustable. In general, this kind of cavity-filter is very sensitive to the parameter disturbance of the cavity, and the quality factor of the filter can be reduced significantly by material loss. On the other hand, some studies have shown that there may be bound states at the interface between two different photonic crystals, and the bound state is often accompanied by narrow band and high transmittance, which implies that a narrow-band filter based on bound states is feasible. Importantly, filters based on bound states may be resistant to material loss to some degree. In this paper, a bound state related tunable narrow-band filter composed of a one-dimensional photonic crystal and a two-dimensional plasma photonic crystal is proposed, and the working frequency of the filter is located in the common band gap of the two photonic crystals. The COMSOL Multiphysics finite element simulation software is used to study the influences of geometric parameters of the one-dimensional photonic crystal and plasma parameters on the performance of the filter. It is found that the closer to each other the center frequencies and depths of the two different forbidden bands are, the greater the peak transmittance of the filter, in which the center frequency dominates, will be. On the other hand, the working frequency of the filter is directly proportional to plasma density and inversely proportional to collision frequency. The quality factor of the filter first increases and then decreases with the increase of plasma density, and decreases with the increase of collision frequency. The peak transmittance of the filter first increases and then decreases with the increase of plasma density, and decreases with the increase of plasma collision frequency. Finally, with the increase of collision frequency, both the peak transmittance and the quality factor decrease slightly, which indicates that the filter has a certain resistance to plasma loss. We believe that this work is helpful in investigating some new plasmonic photonic crystal filters.
An overview of mechanism of target detection by odontocetes biosonar
Authors: Song Zhong-Chang , Zhang Jin-Hu , Feng Wen , Yang Wu-Yi , Zhang Yu ,   State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China,   Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
Published: June 2021

Odontocetes have evolved to own a unique natural sonar system to detect targets. Odontocetes use their sound emission systems in their foreheads to produce echolocation clicking targets. Echoes contain information about the size, material and ranges of the targets. Odontocetes can probe into the echoes in both time domain and frequency domain to realize the target discrimination. More studies are necessary to reveal how odontcoetes collect meaningful information from echoes. In this paper, the target detection by odontocetes is reviewed from three aspects, i.e. detection range, target discrimination and biomimetic target detection system. Odontocetes can actively adjust their biosonar systems to realize optimal detection. Numerical simulation and bioinspired systems can help to shed light on physical mechanism of odontocetes’ target detection process. Multiple theories are needed to deepen our understanding of target detection by odontocetes, which can provide references for designing intelligent biomimetic signal processors.
Quantification of iodine monoxide based on incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang He-Lu , Qin Min , Fang Wu , Tang Ke , Duan Jun , Meng Fan-Hao , Shao Dou , Hua Hui , Liao Zhi-Tang , Xie Pin-Hua ,   Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institute of Material Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China,   University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Published: June 2021

The quantitative method of iodine monoxide radical (IO) using incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) in the 435–465 nm band is described in this paper. In order to obtain the concentration of IO accurately, the parameters such as the mirror reflectivity, effective cavity length and sample loss of the IBBCEAS system are evaluated. Using the difference of Rayleigh scattering between nitrogen and helium, the reflectivity curve of the high-reflection mirror is obtained. The reflectivity R of the mirror at 436.1 nm of the IO absorption peak is about 0.99982, and the effective absorption optical path reaches 3.83 km under vacuum condition. According to the absorption of O4, the effective cavity length of the modified system is 60.7 cm. The Allan deviation is used to evaluate the performance of the system, and the standard deviation is used to analyze the detection sensitivity of the system. When the time resolution is 60 s, the detection sensitivity (2σ) of the system for IO and NO2 are 1.9 pptv and 20 pptv (part per trillion by volume), respectively. The iodine dissolved in potassium iodide (KI) solution is taken out by the bubbling method and react with ozone after photolysis to produce a stable concentration of IO sample gas. The IO loss in the sampling tube is calibrated, and the results show that the sampling tube has no significant effect on the IO loss. The IBBCEAS system is used to determine the linearity of IO, and the correlation coefficient R2 between the measured concentration of IO and the proportioned concentration in a concentration range from 39 to 530 pptv is 0.99. The IO produced by the reaction of iodine released from kelp with ozone is measured.