bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing an Unstructured Supplementary Service Data-based mobile phone app to provide adolescents with sexual reproductive health information: A human-centered design approach
Authors: Macharia Paul , Pérez-Navarro Antoni , Inwani Irene , Nduati Ruth , Carrion Carme
Published: April 2022

Background
Adolescent pregnancies and sexually-transmitted infections continue to impact 15–19-year-olds across the globe. The lack of sexual reproductive health information in resource-limited settings can often be due to cultural and societal attitudes to adolescent sexual reproductive health. Innovative approaches, including mobile phone technologies, are needed to address the need for adolescent reproductive health information.
Methods
A human-centered design methodology was applied. This practice framework allowed the perspectives and feedback of adolescent users to be included in the iterative design process. Field usability testing enabled the adolescents to provide feedback on the functionality, usability, and usefulness of the app.
Results
During the usability test, 62 (54.9%) of the adolescents that were followed-up had used the app at least once, 30 (48.4%) of these were male participants and 32 (51.6%) female. The app was described as ‘very interesting’ to use by 44 (70.9%) of the participants, 20 males and 24 females. The content was deemed to be either ‘perfectly’ or ‘well targeted’ on sexual reproductive health by 60 (96.7%) adolescents, and the app was rated ‘best app’ by 45 (72.6%) adolescents, 27 females and 18 males, with a p-value = 0.011.
Conclusions
A mobile phone app is a feasible and acceptable way to deliver adolescent sexual reproductive health information in resource-limited settings. The Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) mobile phone technology could deliver confidential information on demand.
Varian Eclipse Stereotactic Cone Data Commissioning
Authors: Firth Dominika , Fogg Penny , Christiansen Peter
Published: April 2022

Conical collimators are effective and readily available accessories for the field shaping of small stereotactic fields, however the measurements required to accurately characterise the smallest radiation fields are difficult and prone to large errors. Furthermore, there is little published commissioning data to compare measurements against. The aim of this investigation was to commission the cone dose calculation algorithm of a Varian Eclipse treatment planning system for a Varian 5mm conical collimator attached to a Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator that had been beam-matched to the Varian Golden Beam Data (GBD). Tissue maximum ratios (TMRs), off-axis ratios (OARs), and the output factor (OF) were measured using a PTW 60019 microDiamond and a PTW 60018 SRS Diode detector. Results were compared to the GBD for this collimator, radiochromic film measurements, and an output factor measured during an independent audit by the Australian Clinical Dosimetry Service. Film dosimetry was used to evaluate Eclipse dose calculations in a solid water phantom and end-to-end accuracy with an anthropomorphic head phantom. A PTW BEAMSCAN water phantom was used to collect the data, and output correction factors were derived from IAEA TRS-483. Gamma analysis was used to compare measured TMRs and profiles, and to compare Eclipse dose planes with film dosimetry results. Good agreement was obtained between the measurements with the two detectors, and with the various comparisons carried out to confirm both measurement accuracy and planning system configuration. It was decided to configure Eclipse with the microDiamond OF and the SRS Diode measured TMR and OAR data.
The Protective Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on MK-801 Induced Neurodegeneration in Mice
Authors: AKOSMAN MURAT SIRRI , Türkmen Ruhi , Demirel Hasan Hüseyin
Published: April 2022

The neurological disorders not only a decline in the quality of life for patients but also causes a global economic burden. Therefore protective medicine becomes more important for the society. MK-801 is one of the chemical agents used to understand the etiology of behavioral disorders and brain degeneration in animal models. This study aims to determine whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is useful to treat brain degeneration caused by MK-801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist. For this, 4 groups were formed by dividing 24 male BALB/c mice into groups of six. The control group was given a saline solution (10 ml/kg-i.p.). While MK-801 (1 mg/kg-i.p.) was given both alone and with NAC (100 mg/kg-i.p.), the last group was given only NAC (100 mg/kg-i.p.). The drug administrations lasted for fourteen days. After the behavior tests (open field and elevated plus-maze) all animals were sacrificed and, brain tissues were collected for Real-time PCR, TAS-TOS analysis, and Hematoxylene-Eosine, Kluver-Barrera, and the TUNEL stains. In the MK-801 group, besides the neuron nuclear shrinkage, glial cell infiltration, vacuolization in cortical neurons, white matter damage, and apoptosis were observed. In the mice given NAC as a protector, it was observed that behavioral problems improved, antioxidant levels increased, and nuclear shrinkage, glial cell infiltration, vacuolization in the neurons and, white matter degeneration were prevented, MBP expression increased and TUNEL-positive cells significantly decreased. As a result, it has been observed that NAC may have a protective effect against brain degeneration.
Dioscin alleviates the progression of osteoarthritis: an in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Ding Qing , Zhang Ruizhuo , Wang Tianqi , Sheng Gaohong , Jing Shaoze , Wang Shanxi , Yan Jiyuan , Zhao Hongqi , Wu Hua , Li Wenkai
Published: April 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease and is the main cause of physical disability in the elderly. Currently, there is no adequate therapeutic strategy to reverse the progression of OA. Many natural plant extracts have received attention in the treatment of OA due to their potential anti-inflammatory properties, and reduced incidence of adverse events. Dioscin (Dio), a natural steroid saponin, has been demonstrated to inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines in mouse and rat models of various diseases, and has a protective effect in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, whether Dio alleviates OA progression remains to be explored. In this research, our purposes were to investigate the therapeutic potential of Dio in OA and its underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that Dio exerted anti-inflammatory effects by repressing iNOS and COX-2. Moreover, the application of Dio could repress IL-1β-induced overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs, including MMP1, MMP3, and MMP13) and ADAMTS-5, and improve the synthesis of collagen II and aggrecan, which contribute to the maintenance of chondrocyte matrix homeostasis. The underlying mechanism involved the inhibition of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways by Dio. Furthermore, the in vivo study revealed that Dio could ameliorate cartilage erosion and degradation. These results collectively indicate that Dio can be used as a promising and effective agent for the therapy of OA.
Low prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-uninfected pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa: Implications for oral pre-exposure prophylaxis roll out
Authors: Davey Dvora Joseph , Hsiao Nei-yuan , Spearman Wendy , Sonderup Mark , Hu Nai-Chung , Mashele Nyiko , Mvududu Rufaro , Myer Landon
Published: April 2022

Background: Oral daily preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is recommended as standard of care for prevention in individuals at high risk for HIV infection, including pregnant and postpartum cisgender women. FTC/TDF is also active against HBV; however, concern has been raised that providing PrEP to individuals infected with HBV could lead to hepatitis flares and liver injury, especially in the setting of suboptimal PrEP use.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the PrEP in pregnant and postpartum women (PrEP-PP) cohort study from February 2020-March 2022 in one antenatal care clinic in Cape Town, South Africa (SA) to evaluate: (1) the field performance of a point of care test (POCT) (Determine II, Abbott Inc., Japan) for diagnosis of hepatitis b surface antigen (HBsAg) in a maternity setting, (2) the prevalence of HBV in a cohort of pregnant women not living with HIV. Results: We enrolled 1194 HIV sero-negative pregnant women at their first antenatal visit. Median age was 26 years (IQR= 22-31 years); 52% were born before 1995 (before HBV vaccines had started in South Africa). Median gestational age was 22 weeks (IQR=16-30 weeks). There were 8 POCT and laboratory confirmed HBV cases among 1194 women. The overall prevalence of 0.67% (95% CI=0.34-1.32%). In women born before 1995, 8 of 622 women were diagnosed with HBsAg; the prevalence was 1.29% (95% CI=0.65-2.52%), and in women born in 1995 or after (n=572); the prevalence was 0% (95% CI=0.0-0.67%). We confirmed the test results in 99.8% of the rapid HBsAg (Determine II). Sensitivity was 100% (95% CI=68-100%). Specificity was 100% (95% CI=99.67-100%).Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV was very low in pregnant women not living with HIV and was only in women born before the HBV vaccine was included in the expanded vaccine program. The Determine II POCT HBsAg showed excellent performance against the laboratory assay. HBV screening should not be a barrier to starting PrEP in the context of high HIV risk communities.
The bibliometric analysis showed a constantly increasing trend of Rho signaling pathway and the nervous system
Authors: Chen Yangyang , Wang Qing , Yin Junjun , Yuan Shuwen , Wu Yige , Song Lijuan , Huang Jianjun , Yan Yuqing , Ma Cungen
Published: April 2022

Background and aims: The Rho signaling pathway is related to multiple processes in the physiology and pathology of various cells in CNS such as neurons and glial cells and associats with multiple neurological disorders. Fasudil can reduce neurological damage by inhibiting the Rho signaling pathway. We hope to use the method of bibliometric analysis to organize and analyze the literature in related fields, summarize the developed process, and predict the developing trend. Methods: We searched the WOSWeb of Science Core Collection for articles published in English between 2001 and 5 January 2022. VOSviewer is used to process the publication years, countries, citations, authors and keywords of the documents to make a visual map. Results: In the end we got 1413 retrieval results. The results showed that the publication volume of "rho signaling pathway and nervous system" is in a fluctuating development, but the research related to fasudil is relatively slow, and there is still a lot of room for development. Most of the literature types are Article and Review, accounting for more than 90%. Journal of neuroscience has a higher enthusiasm for the research field and has the greatest combined impact. Japan is a country that has carried out related research earlier, but the United States has carried out the most research and contributed the most in related fields. In recent years, China's enthusiasm for related research has gradually increased. Yamashita T published the most literature,. In recent years, the focus of scholars' attention has gradually tended to the two major research directions of "ROCK and neurodegeneration-related diseases" and "multiple neural cell damage". Conclusions: Through the above-mentioned analysis, we found that the research on the Rho signaling pathway and the nervous system is still in the early stage of development, and there is great potential for the development. In particular, the development and clinical application of therapeutic methods and drugs for various neurological diseases will be a research hotspot in the future. We hope that interested scholars can intuitively and clearly understand the existing research results and trends, and provide direction and basis for their future research.
Tailoring ion sieving in graphene oxide membranes with high flux by rational intercalating crown ethers
Authors: Lv Yinjie , Dong Lei , Cheng Lvyang , Gao Tianyi , Wu Cong , Chen Xin , Cui Yuanyuan , Liu Wei
Published: April 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) materials-based membranes are extremely promising for ion-selective separation. However, the permeability-selectivity trade-off for 2D membranes limit their development. Herein, we report a precise tailoring of monovalent cation sieving technology with enhanced water throughput, by the use of graphene oxide (GO) membranes with various crown ether intercalations. The enhanced water-flux of the membranes is due to the expansion of GO interlayers by intercalating crown ethers. We also reveal a systematic study on the limit interlayer size for ion-selective transport in the GO laminas. As a result, remarkably high ion selectivity for different specific cations could be achieved, which is mainly ascribed to the chelation between selective ions and crown ether in the GO laminates. This work opens up a new avenue on precisely regulating ion separations for various application scenarios.
Proteomic Analysis and Comparison of Protein in Tibetan pork and Ordinary pork using TMT-coupled LC-MS/MS
Authors: Wang Lin , Liu Liu , Liu Yongfeng , Zhou Xiaotong , Chi Fumin
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study was to comparatively analyze protein of Tibetan pork and ordinary pork using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC − MS/MS) combined with tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling. The results showed that 2447 proteins were identified and 249 proteins were significantly changed including 165 significantly up-regulated and 84 significantly down-regulated proteins. The more abundant proteins of Tibetan pork included NADH dehydrogenase, Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1, Very long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, ATPase inhibitor and Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7, which were up-regulated. A Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that these proteins mainly participated in biological process, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and the Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) analysis showed that they may be related to energy metabolism and conversion pathway of metabolism process. According to the protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, these proteins interacted significantly. This study revealed the Tibetan pork’s advantages in the aspects of energy metabolism compared with ordinary pork at the protein levels.
Ivermectin is associated with increase in SPO2 in hypoxemic SARS-Cov-2 patients: pharmacodynamic profile and correlates.
Authors: Babalola olufemi Emmanuel , Ajayi Adesuyi A. , Yunusa Thairu , Ndanusa Yahaya , Ogedengbe John O. , Ogu Omede
Published: April 2022

Background and Objectives: Hypoxemic respiratory failure is a common mode of demise in Covid 19 disease. We aimed to describe the time course of SPO2 changes in Covid 19 patients treated with and without ivermectin.Methods: This was a parallel group, prospective comparative study of propensity matched Covid 19 patients (Cycle threshold Ct < 25, SPO2 < 94%). 21 of the patients received Ivermectin (IVM) inclusive regime at 12 mg daily for 5 days, while 26 others received Non-ivermectin inclusive regime ( NIVM).Results: the IVM group demonstrated earlier and greater increase in SPO2 (p=0.000) which paralleled greater and faster virological clearance (p = 0.000) on Repeat measures Analysis of Variance RMANOVA. There was a significant correlation between absolute SPO2 and absolute Ct on day 5 (r = 0.77 ) and day 7 (r = 0.77) both p = 0.000. Incremental SPO2 also correlated with incremental Ct. by day 5 ( r = 0.397, p = 0.003) and day 7 ( r = 0.315 , p = 0.0002) relative to baseline. Increase in platelet count correlated with increased SPO2 (r = 0.252, p = 0.029) on IVM, but negatively with NIVM (r = - 0.28, p = 0 .17). Inflammatory markers such as ESR, CRP or D- dimer showed no significant correlation with SPO2. Increase in SPO2 on IVM was magnified in males.Conclusion: IVM regime appears to be associated with faster and greater increase in SPO2 paralleling faster viral clearance in Covid 19 patients.
Association of Marital Status and Access to Dental Care: Cross-sectional study of the Japanese population
Authors: Zaitsu Takashi , Inoue Yuko , Oshiro Akiko , Ishimaru Miho , Taira Kento , Takahashi Hideto , Aida Jun , Tamiya Nanako
Published: April 2022

Background: Health disparities according to marital status have been reported worldwide. Although spouses provide an important social network that influences heath behaviors, limited studies have examined the association between marital status and access to dental care. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the association between marital status and access to dental care.Methods: This study performed a secondary analysis of a national survey, the 2013 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan. Out of 367,766 respondents, 4,111 respondents, who aged over 40 years and selected oral symptoms as their most concerning subjective symptom were recruited as participants. The independent variable of interest was marital status, married or non-married (single, divorced, widowed); the dependent variable was access to dental care. We performed Poisson regression analyses stratified by sex with adjustment for age, educational status, employment, equivalent household expenditure, and smoking habits.Results: Among respondents who reported oral symptoms, 3,024 were married, and 1,087 were non-married. Further, 29.4% and 40.4% of married and non-married men, respectively, did not receive dental treatment for their symptoms. Meanwhile, 27.5% and 25.0% of married and non-married women, respectively, did not receive dental treatment for their symptoms. The prevalence ratio for not receiving dental treatment was significantly higher among non-married men (Prevalence Ratio: 1.33; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.14–1.56) than among married men. However, no significant association was observed among women. Conclusions: Non-married men were highly likely to not receive dental treatment than married men, while no significant association was observed among women. The results implicate the importance of public dental health policy for protecting health of non-married individuals
Exploring the role of Henry’s law constant in formulating two-parameter linear free energy relationships for facile prediction of lipid-water partition coefficients of neutral organic chemicals
Authors: Khawar Muhammad Irfan , Mahmood Azhar , Nabi Deedar
Published: April 2022

Partition coefficients for storage lipid-water (logKlw) and phospholipid-water (logKpw) phases are key parameters to understand the bioaccumulation and toxicity of organic contaminants. However, the published experimental databases of these properties are dwarfs and current estimation approaches are cumbersome. Here, we present partition models that exploit the correlations of logKlw, and of logKpw with the linear combinations of the octanol-water partition coefficient (logKow) and the dimensionless Henry’s law constant (air-water partition coefficient, logKaw). The calibrated partition models successfully describe the variations in logKlw data (n = 305, R2 = 0.971, root-mean-square-error (rmse) = 0.375), and in logKpw data (n = 131, R2 = 0.953, rmse = 0.413). With the inputs of logKow and logKaw estimated from the U.S. EPA’s EPI Suite™, our models of logKlw and logKpw have exhibited rmse = 0.52 with respect to experimental values indicating suitability of these models for inclusion in the EPI Suite™. Our models perform similar to or better than the previously reported models such as one parameter partition models, Abraham solvation models, and models based on quantum-chemical calculations. Taken together, our models are robust, easy-to-use, and provide insight about variations of logKlw and logKpw in terms of hydrophobicity and volatility trait of chemicals.
Behaviors of Nanocomposite Mg-Alloy in Simulated Bodily Fluids and pH Fluctuations
Authors: El-Sherif Rabab M. , Zohdy K. M. , El-Shamy A. M.
Published: April 2022

Its biodegradability, non-poisonousness, and exceptional natural and machinery features make Mg and its components attractive alternatives for biomedical implantation supplies, according to the National Institute of Health. SBF is used as a standard electrolyte for in vitro corrosion research. Each SBF module's independent and synergistic corrosion effects are studied in this study. Artificial pH variations increase degradation, according to the results. This experiment examined the Mg corrosion submerged in a simulated bodily fluid (SBF) solution. The effect of pH changes on the rate of corrosion of Mg immersed in standard SBF solution was investigated. According to the previously published study, the corrosion process of Mg has been confirmed by scanning electron microscopy observations of damaged surface morphology (SEM). Because of these investigations, pH 7 was selected as the pH for bodily fluids since it is neutral.
The Reliability, Validity and Screening Effect of the Happiness Index Scale among inpatients in a General Hospital
Authors: Shen Yizhong , Yuan Shuai , Liu Jingwen , Sun Bin , Chen Zilin , Zheng Lijiao , Chen Lihao , Chen Hanwei , Feng Huiqiang , Hongbo He
Published: April 2022

Background
The Happiness Index Scale (HIS) is a newly developed scale by our group to screen for common psychological illnesses among general hospital inpatients. This study aimed to analyze the reliability, validity and screening effect of the HIS and to explore its clinical application.
Methods
From April 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021, a total of 8405 continuous inpatients were enrolled from different departments of a large tertiary general hospital with 1385 inpatient beds in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Using a cross-sectional survey design, each participant was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire 9(PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 items(GAD-7), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) and HIS within 24 hours of admission. Cronbach's α coefficient, the Guttman split-half coefficient and the test-retest reliability coefficient were used to evaluate the reliability of the HIS and the construct validity and criterion validity of the validity tests. Scores on the PHQ-9, GAD-7, AIS, and C-SSRS were used as the gold standard tools to analyze the screening effect of the HIS.
Results
The HIS exhibited very good reliability, with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.824, a Guttman split-half coefficient of 0.920 and a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.745 (P < 0.05). Confirmatory factor analysis showed a high model fitting index with a χ²/df = 5.838, a root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.024, a goodness-of-fit index (GFI) of 0.998, an adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI) of 0.994, a comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.998, an incremental fit index (IFI) of 0.998, and a Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) of 0.996. The correlation coefficient between the total score of each dimension of the scale and the corresponding criterion was 0.854 ~ 0.949 (P < 0.001). The HIS showed a very good distinguishing effect. The average HIS score of inpatients who screened positive for psychological problems was significantly higher than that of inpatients who screened negative for psychological problems (Z = 479099.000, P < 0.001). The effect size was very large (Cohens d = 2.227, 95% CI = 2.166 ~ 2.289). Approximately 90.2% of the positive and negative screening results of the HIS were matched with the gold standard tools, with a kappa value of 0.747 (P < 0.001). The screening effect test showed a sensitivity (true positive rate) of 92.9% and a specificity (true negative rate) of 89.5%.
Conclusion
The HIS exhibited relatively high reliability and validity and a clinically meaningful screening effect with a much shorter version compared to the commonly used screening scales. Thus, it could potentially be useful as the first screening step to rule out psychological conditions for inpatients in general hospitals or to remind medical teams of further psychological concerns.
The Updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research: CFIR 2.0
Authors: Damschroder Laura , Reardon Caitlin M. , Widerquist Marilla A. Opra , Lowery Julie C.
Published: April 2022

BackgroundMany implementation efforts fail, even with highly developed plans for execution, because contextual factors can be powerful forces working against implementation in the real-world. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) is one of the most commonly used determinant frameworks to assess these contextual factors, however, it has been 10 years since publication and there is a need for updates. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the updated CFIR 2.0, which addresses important user critiques of the framework.MethodsUser feedback was obtained from two sources: 1) a literature review with a systematic search; and 2) a survey of authors who used the CFIR 2009 in a published study. Data were combined across both sources and reviewed to identify themes; a consensus approach was used to finalize all CFIR 2.0 updates. The VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System IRB declared this study exempt from the requirements of 38 CFR 16 based on category 2. ResultsThe systematic search yielded 376 articles and 334 unique authors with contact information; 59 articles included feedback on the CFIR. Forty percent (n=134/334) of authors responded to the survey. The CFIR received positive ratings on most framework sensibility items, e.g., applicability, usability, but respondents also provided recommendations for changes. Overall, updates to the CFIR 2.0 include revisions to existing constructs as well as the addition, removal, or relocation of constructs. These changes serve to facilitate use of the CFIR, address gaps in themes, and better center recipients. ConclusionThe updates in the CFIR 2.0 reflect feedback from the growing community of CFIR users; although there are many updates, constructs can be mapped back to the CFIR 2009 to ensure longitudinal consistency. We invite users to continuing critiquing the framework in order it continue to evolve.
Doxorubicin-liposome combined with clodronate-liposome inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through the depletion of macrophages and tumor cells
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Hengyan , Sheng Dandan , Hou Xiaojuan , Sun Gangqi , Zhang Luyao , Yang Xue , Wang Xinxia , Wei Lixin , Lu Ying , Han Zhipeng
Published: April 2022

Background: Macrophages in the liver have capacities of capturing and phagocytosing nanocarriers and play an important role in inflammatory microenvironment and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation and progression. Depletion of macrophages might be a feasible strategy for drug delivery and tumor microenvironment modulation during HCC. Methods: To verify this hypothesis, liposomes targeting macrophages containing DOX and clodronate were prepared using ammonium sulfate gradient and thin film hydration method. Then liposomes were given to rats at different stages of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced primary HCC model to understand the preventive and therapeutic effects of the liposomes. Results: Doxorubicin-liposome (Doxil) and clodronate-liposome (CL-LIP) about 180-200 nm were successfully prepared and characterized, with a polydispersity index of <0.3 and free doxorubicin (DOX) encapsulation efficacy of >97%. We found that Doxil combined with CL-LIP could effectively target and eliminate macrophages in the liver, releasing DOX into plasma and inhibiting HCC in vivo.Conclusions: DOX and clodronate-loaded liposomes targeting macrophages can effectively reduce macrophages phagocytosis, concentrate DOX in the plasma and accumulate DOX in the liver and spleen for a longer time, improving tumor microenvironment and restraining activation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs), thus enhance the inhibition and therapeutic effects against HCC in rats. Results of this study were expected to provide a new prospect for the chemotherapy of HCC.
Influence of fatty acid composition and aroma components on the flavor of green onion (Allium fistulosum L.) deep-fried oil
Authors: Liu Bing , Wang Ruifang , Chang Yuan , Liu Zixuan , Wang Shuqi , Sun Jie , Chen Haitao , Sun Baoguo , Zhang Ning
Published: April 2022

This paper aimed to explore the effects of different varieties of oils on the volatile flavor compounds and fatty acid composition of green onion deep-fried oils, and establish the flavor fingerprints of different green onion deep-fried oils. The volatile flavor compounds and fatty acids in 7 kinds of green onion deep-fried oils were identified and analyzed by electronic nose and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that sensory evaluations and electronic nose were accepted to detect the odor differences of different kinds of green onion deep-fried oils sensitively. 103 volatile flavor components were identified positively by GC-MS, and the key aroma compounds including aldehydes and sulfur-containing compounds that correlated highly with green, grease, pungent and shallot scent attributes. The fatty acid detection showed that there was not significant change in the types of fatty acids, but the relative content is different evidently after frying process. The unsaturated fatty acids (UFA, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, and C20:1) had a significant influence on the flavor of frying oil, which were peculiarly prone to oxidation and heat-degradability reaction. These results had a positive impact on the development of deep-fried oil products and technology to differentiate between true and false deep-fried oil.
A Kilonova Following a Long-Duration Gamma-Ray Burst at 350 Mpc
Authors: Rastinejad Jillian , Gompertz Benjamin , Levan Andrew , Fong Wen-fai , Nicholl Matt , Lamb Gavin , Malesani Daniele , Nugent Anya , Oates Samantha , Tanvir Nial , Postigo Antonio de Ugarte , Kilpatrick Charles , Moore Christopher , Metzger Brian , Ravasio Maria Edvige , Rossi Andrea , Schroeder Genevieve , Jencson Jacob , Sand David , Smith Nathan , Fernández José Feliciano Agüí , Berger Edo , Blanchard Peter , Chornock Ryan , Cobb Bethany , De Pasquale Massimiliano , Fynbo Johan , Izzo Luca , Kann David Alexander , Laskar Tanmoy , Marini Ester , Paterson Kerry , Escorial Alicia Rouco , Sears Huei , Thöne Christina
Published: April 2022

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are divided into two populations [1, 2]; long GRBs that derive from the core-collapse of massive stars [e.g., 3] and short GRBs that form in the merger of two compact objects [4]. While it is common to divide the two populations at a γ-ray duration of two seconds, classification based on duration does not always cleanly map to the progenitor. This is notable in the form of GRBs with bright, GRB 211211A 3 short (≲ 2 seconds) spikes of prompt γ-ray emission followed by more prolonged, spectrally-softer extended emission (EE-SGRBs), which have been suggested to arise from compact object mergers [5–7]. Compact object mergers are of great astrophysical importance as the only confirmed site of rapid neutron capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis, observed in the form of so-called kilonovae [8–13]. Here, we report the discovery of a kilonova associated with a nearby (350 Mpc) minute-duration GRB, confirming that the progenitor is a compact object merger. This kilonova has a similar luminosity, duration and color to AT 2017gfo, the kilonova found in association with the gravitational wave (GW)-detected binary neutron star (BNS) merger GW170817 [4]. We find that the merger ejected ≈ 0.04M⊙ of r-process-rich material, and is consistent with the merger of two neutron stars (NSs) with masses close to the canonical 1.4M⊙. This discovery implies that GRBs with long, complex light curves can be spawned from compact object merger events and that a population of kilonovae following GRBs with durations ≫ 2 s should be accounted for in calculations of the NS merger r-process contribution. At 350 Mpc, the current network of GW interferometers at design sensitivity would have detected the merger precipitating GRB 211211A, had it been operating at the time of the event. Further searches for GW signals coincident with long GRBs are a promising route for future multi-messenger astronomy.
Upregulation of Hyaluronan-Mediated Motility Receptor Is Linked with Immune Infiltrates and Poor Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Feng Siwei , Ma Wanli , Yang Bohan
Published: April 2022

Background
The hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) is excessive expression in a great deal of malignancies and has been implicated in cancer invasion and metastasis. Nevertheless, the prognostic values of HMMR in lung adenocarcinoma and its connection to immunological infiltrates are still unknown. As a result, we investigated the importance of HMMR in lung tumor prognosis and its relationship with immune infiltrates.
Methods
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) provided transcriptional profiling of HMMR in normal samples and pulmonary adenocarcinoma samples. The expression of the HMMR protein was analyzed by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC). To distinguish lung adenocarcinoma from normal tissues in the vicinity, we used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Kaplan-Meier method was conducted to assess the effect of HMMR on survival. The STRING program created protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Functional enrichment analysis was carried out using the "ClusterProfiler" program. The association between HMMR mRNA immune infiltrates and expression was identified using tumor-immune system interaction database (TISIDB) and tumor immune estimate resource (TIMER).
Results
In lung adenocarcinoma tissues, the HMMR expression was substantially higher than in surrounding normal tissues. Lymphoma node metastases and high TNM stage were linked to increase HMMR mRNA expression. HMMR's specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for distinguishing pulmonary cancer from neighboring controls were 86.2, 98.3, and 87.4 percent, respectively, at a cutoff level of 2.103, according to the ROC curve analysis. The prognosis for patients with high-HMMR lung adenocarcinoma was worse than for those with low-HMMR (41.9 vs. 59.9 months, P < 0.001), according to a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Correlation study revealed that the expression of HMMR mRNA was linked to immunological infiltrates and tumor purity.
Conclusion
In lung adenocarcinoma, immune infiltrates and poor survival are associated with upregulated HMMR. Our findings imply that HMMR may be utilized in lung adenocarcinoma as a predictor of poor prognosis and a possible biomarker for immune treatment.
The Efficacy of Tacrolimus Combined with Platelet Rich Plasma in Sjogren's Syndrome's Severe Dry Eye: A Randomized-Controlled Trial
Authors: Shams Majid , Barzegarpur Farzane , Akbari Zahra , Farsinejad Alireza
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Dry eye in Sjogren's ends up with ulcerations, infections, and even corneal perforations. Present treatments are mainly conservative. Due to the immunosuppressive effects of Tacrolimus drop and regenerative properties of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), this study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous use of these products in dry eye management.Methods: 20 cases of Sjogren's syndrome were included in this study. Patients were divided into three groups, the 'artificial tear drop,' Tacrolimus drops,' and 'Tacrolimus, and PRP drops'. The Schirmer's and TUBT tests and corneal fluorescein staining were assessed in each case following the determination of refractive errors and intraocular pressure, one week, one month, and three months after the initiation of therapy.Results: The majority of our cases were females, making up approximately 80%. Significant differences were found when assessing the level of irritation, and the results of the TUBT as well as fluorescein staining tests between the group treated with artificial teardrops and both of the other groups three months after treatment started. (P- values of 0.0005, 0.002 and 0.01, respectively) Schirmer's test, however, did not reveal significant levels (P-value = 0.5) when comparing the three treatment groups.Conclusion: Tacrolimus drop is a suitable and effective agent in severe cases of dry eye in Sjogren's syndrome, showing even more therapeutic benefits when given with PRP, based on the results of this study. Owing to this combination's increased anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects and its accelerating effects on the resolution of clinical symptoms, it can be considered superior to conventional therapies.
GWO based Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Prediction model integrating Traditional and Non-Traditional parameters
Authors: paul Paulin , Shan B. Priestly
Published: April 2022

The study has proposed an optimized intelligent attribute reduction, risk prediction, and classification framework using Machine Learning for early identification of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular (ASCV) risk status. Data preprocessing with normalization and missing data imputation using Multiple Imputation (MI) with Gaussian Copula (GC) method was done before optimal attribute selection. The proposed framework represented as SVMGWO-ANFISGWO-Multi-SVM has used Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm. Feature selection was based on fitness evaluated wrapper-based multi-Support Vector Machine (multi-SVM). The optimal features selected by SVMGWO are processed by ANFISGWO for optimal ASCV risk prediction. Finally, multi-SVM is used to identify the risk class of the predicted ASCV risk. Performance of the study model were evaluated using Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, Precision, G-mean, and F-measure features. Confusion and ROC plots are used to identify the classier performances. The Area Under Curve (AUC) was plotted to study the discrimination between the ASCV risk classes. The implementation was done in MATLAB 2015b. The ANFISGWO in the training phase has shown 80.7% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, 77.4% specificity, 43.3% precision, 60.2% G-mean, and 87.9% F-measure. Whereas, in the testing phase, the accuracy was 80%, 100% sensitivity, 77.1% specificity, 38.1% precision, 54.4% G-mean, and 87.7% F-measure. The overall AUC of 0.976 shows good discrimination between the ASCV risk classes.
Analysis of protein kinase C (HcPKC) gene expression and single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to inner shell color traits in Hyriopsis cumingii
Authors: Zhang Mengying , Chen Xiajun , Zhang Jinpan , Guo Baiying , Li Jiale , Bai Zhiyi
Published: April 2022

Background
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a multifunctional serine and threonine kinase that can regulate the activity of tyrosinase, and thereby regulate the synthesis and secretion of melanin. Hyriopsis cumingii is an important freshwater pearl mussel. In this study, we mainly study the role of PKC gene in the melanin synthesis pathway and its effect on the color of the nacre of H. cumingii.
Results
In this study, a HcPKC gene in H. cumingii was cloned and its effects on melanin synthesis and nacre color were studied. HcPKC was expressed in both purple and white mussels, and the level of mRNA expression was higher in the purple mussels than in white mussels. Strong and specific mRNA signals were detected in the dorsal epithelial cells of the mantle pallial layer, indicating that HcPKC may be involved in nacre formation. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with traits related to inner shell colors found that the A + 332G locus on the HcPKC gene was moderately polymorphic, and four other loci were low in polymorphism. There was strong linkage disequilibrium among the five loci. A haplotype was constructed and it was found that the frequency of T1 in the white population was significantly higher than that in the purple population (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The study found that HcPKC of H. cumingii can be used as a candidate gene related to inner shell color, and some of the SNP sites can be used for molecular-assisted breeding in the spinnaker mussel, providing a reference for cultivating high-quality freshwater pearls.
Pedagogical content knowledge for teaching evolution across the primary school curriculum. A design study of a pre-service teacher education module
Authors: Hanisch Susan , Eirdosh Dustin
Published: April 2022

Background: In the last two decades, numerous studies have accumulated that indicate that evolutionary concepts can and should be taught at the primary school level. However, teaching evolution in primary school is presumably not yet the norm globally. At the same time, the educational potential of evolutionary concepts lies in their applicability to a large variety of (existing) curriculum topics in the natural and social sciences. Capitalizing on this generality of evolution requires broad teacher pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) about the teaching of evolutionary concepts. However, not much is known regarding ways to develop primary teacher PCK during pre-service training. In this article, we present the iterative design, implementation, and mixed methods evaluation (based on a design-based research framework) of a module concept for the development of pre-service primary school teacher PCK for teaching evolution as an interdisciplinary lens across the primary school curriculum.Results: Preliminary evidence indicates that participants were able to develop positive attitudes and motivations as well as core aspects of PCK regarding the teaching of evolutionary concepts in primary school. The resulting module design integrates existing collective PCK on teaching evolution at the primary level as well as novel design considerations and teaching approaches that can be integrated into existing pre-service teacher education programs. Conclusion: This study indicates that pre-service teachers can be enabled and motivated to teach evolutionary concepts across various themes in the primary school curriculum through a semester long course. However, challenges remain particularly regarding the integration of evolutionary concepts in mandated curriculum standards and teacher education contexts such that the educational potential of evolution can be fully capitalized on by teachers.
An Evaluation of the Coordinated Development of Coastal Zone Systems: A Case Study of China's Yellow Sea Coast
Authors: Fang Jian , Xu Min , Liu Baiqiao , Chen Zhou
Published: April 2022

The coastal zone is a zone of transition between the land and sea, and it contains rich natural resources and has high ecological value. It is also an important spatial unit for human beings to engage in production and life. In this study, the DEMATEL model was applied to identify the key factors influencing a complex coastal zone system. The results were then used to construct an indicator system used to evaluate the developmental stages of three coastal zone subsystems[ecological environmental (EE), social (SOC), and economic (ECO)]. The developmental levels of the EE, SOC, and ECO subsystems over the past 10 years were evaluated in five cities along the Yellow Sea coast of China, and the degrees of coupling and coordination among the subsystems were calculated using the coupling coordination degree model. The evaluation results showed that during the past decade, the EE, SOC, and ECO subsystem developmental levels increased in all five coastal regions, except for Yancheng, where there was a small decrease in the EE level, and the coupling degree of all five regions was high. Furthermore, the links and interactions between EE, SOC, and ECO were very close. The evaluation results relating to the coordination degree were relatively poor; the mean values of Qingdao and Nantong were at ‘Intermediate coordination level’, and the other three cities were at ‘Primary coordination’ or ‘Barely coordination level’. Some suggestions based on the multi-year development trend of subsystems and the coupling and coordination laws between them are proposed.
Effect of feeding sulphate reducing bacteria along with sulphur on growth performance, nutrient utilization and methane emission in goats
Authors: Uniyal Sandeep , Chaudhary Lal Chandra , Kala Anju , Agarwal Neeta , chaturvedi Vishu Bandhu
Published: April 2022

Competitive relationship exist between the sulphate reducing bacteria and the methanogens in the anaerobic environment including rumen for hydrogen where sulphate is not limiting for the growth and consequently inhibit the enteric methane emission as thermodynamically energetic of sulphate reduction (∆Go= -21.1 KJ/mole of H2) is more favourable than methanogenesis (∆Go= -16.9 KJ/mole H2). To validate this hypothesis a study was designed to investigate the effect of supplementation of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) as microbial feed additives alone or along with sulphur (as sodium sulphate) on methane production, live weight gain, feed intake, nutrient digestibility and energy metabolism in goats. The SRB used as microbial feed additives were isolated from goat rumen. The experiment was conducted on growing kids (n=36, 5-6 months of age) with average body weight of 10.08 ± 0.21 kg, divided in six groups (n=6). The six treatments were control fed basal diet (T1), SRB 0.5ml/kg BW (T2), sulphur (as sodium sulphate) 0.095% of DMI (total sulphur level in the diet 1.5 times the requirement) (T3), sulphur (as sodium sulphate) 0.095% of DMI + SRB 0.5ml/kg BW (T4), sulphur (as sodium sulphate) 0.19% of DMI (total sulphur level in the diet 2 times the requirement) (T5) and sulphur (as sodium sulphate) 0.19 % of DMI + SRB 0.5ml/kg BW (T6). Duration of study was 150 days and the goats were fed as per ICAR (2013) feeding standard. Methane (CH4) production (l/kg DMI) was reduced by 11.8 % (P=0.05) in T6 where sulphur (@ 0.19% DMI) was supplemented along with SRB4 (@ 0.5 ml/kg BW) as compared to T1 (un-supplemented group). However, the dry matter intake (DM), total weight gain (TG), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), excretion of purine derivatives (allantoin, uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine) and digestibility of organic matter (OM), dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) remained comparable (P>0.05) among all the groups. The experimental data revealed that feeding of SRB as an microbial feed additives along with sulphur (as sodium sulphate) is capable in reducing enteric CH4 emission without any adverse effect on rumen fermentation and digestibility of the nutrients.