bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Pressure Diels-Alder Reaction between Buckminsterfullerene and Tropone
Authors: Takeshita Hitoshi , Liu Jifeng , Kato Nobuo , Mori Akira
Published: April 2006

Heating buckminsterfullerene and tropone in toluene under high-pressure conditions (300 MPa) gave a stable [4+2] monoadduct in 55% yield. It was cycloreversed upon heating around 140 °C. Its 13C-NMR spectrum revealed 62 lines of signals.
Oxidation of Benzylic Derivatives with Dioxygen Catalyzed by Mixed Addenda Metallophosphate Containing Vanadium and Molybdenum
Authors: Nakayama Kouichi , Hamamoto Masatoshi , Nishiyama Yutaka , Ishii Yasutaka
Published: April 2006

Mixed addenda heteropolyoxometalate, NPV6Mo6, was found to be an efficient catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of a variety of benzylic amines to the corresponding Schiff-base imines with molecular oxygen in toluene solution. Under the same reaction conditions, isochroman and indan were respectively oxidized to 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin and 1-indanone with high selectivity.
Preparation and Crystal Structure of a Parent 1-Arylbenzo[b]thiophenium Triflate and Its Derivatives
Authors: Kitamura Tsugio , Yamane Masakatsu , Furuki Ryuji , Taniguchi Hiroshi , Shiro Motoo
Published: April 2006

A parent 1-phenylbenzo[b]thiophenium triflate is prepared by reaction of benzo[b]thiophene and diphenyliodonium triflate and the single crystal X-ray analysis shows a pyramidal structure about sulfur and a short phenyl-sulfur bond. The less-substituted 1-phenylbenzo[b]thiophenium triflates are prepared successfully by this method.
Photochromism of Peroxopolytungstic Acid Thin Films, and Its Application to Area-Selective Chemical Plating
Authors: Itoh Kiminori , Okamoto Toru , Wakita Shuhei , Murabayashi Masayuki
Published: April 2006

Spin-coated thin films of peroxopolytungstic acid (PTA) showed pronounced photochromism under deep UV irradiation only when the films contained reducing reagents such as alcohols and glucose. Rapid decoloration took place in aqueous solutions of metal salts resulting deposition of each metal. A new area-selective chemical plating process was constructed using this photochromic reaction.
Reactivity of Alkoxy-bridged Bis(silylene)iron Complexes
Authors: Ueno Keiji , Tobita Hiromi , Seki Seiji , Ogino Hiroshi
Published: April 2006

Alkoxy-bridged bis(silylene)iron complexes Cp*Fe(CO){SiMe2···O(Me)···SiMe2} (Cp* = Cp, Cp′; Cp = η-C5H5; Cp′ = η-C5Me5) are unreactive toward PhC≡CPh, Et2MeSiH, and H2C=C(Me)C(Me)=CH2. With methanol, however, addition occurs across the Fe=Si double bond to give, hydridobis(methoxysilyl)iron complexes Cp*(OC)FeH(SiMe2OMe)2 quantitatively.
A pH-dependent Exchange of Na+ and Ca2+ in a Liquid Membrane System
Authors: Nakatsuji Yohji , Morita Hirokazu , Masuyama Araki , Kida Toshiyuki
Published: April 2006

A pH-dependent exchange of Na+ and Ca2+ against each concentration gradient through a bulk liquid membrane was first attained using 15-crown-5 ether dicarboxylic acid derivatives bearing donating ether oxygen atoms on the side arm as the carrier. The structure of the carriers was found to play an important role in realizing the double uphill transport.
Triethylborane Induced Intramolecular Hydrogermylation of Homoallylic Alcohols and Homopropargylic Alcohols
Authors: Taniguchi Masahiko , Oshima Koichiro , Utimoto Kiitiro
Published: April 2006

Whereas platinum-catalyzed hydrogermylation of 3-hexenoxydipropylgermane provided five-membered ring product (5-propyl-1-germa-2-oxacyclopentane) as a main product, triethylborane induced radical cyclization gave six-membered ring product (6-ethyl-1-germa-2-oxacyclohexane) selectively.
Chemical and Electrochemical Preparation of Poly(quinoline-2,6-diyl), Poly(quinoxaline-2,6-diyl), and Poly(1,5-naphthyridine-2,6-diyl) by Using Nickel Complexes. Importance of the 2,6-Bonding for Linear Structure, Highly Extended π-Conjugation, and Strong Electron-accepting Properties
Authors: Saito Nobuo , Kanbara Takaki , Kushida Takashi , Kubota Kenji , Yamamoto Takakazu
Published: April 2006

Chemical and electrochemical dehalogenation polycondensations of 2,6-dichloroquinoline, 2,6-dibromoquinoxaline, and 2,6-dichloro-1,5-naphthyridine using nickel complexes afford poly(quinoline-2,6-diyl), poly(quinoxaline-2,6-diyl) and poly(1,5-naphthyridine-2,6-diyl), respectively. These polymers take linear structures, and have more extensively delocalized π-conjugation system as well as higher electron-accepting properties than their isomeric poly(quinoline-5,8-diyl) and poly(quinoxaline-5,8-diyl) as revealed by their λmax positions and reducing potentials.
Synthesis of 2-Aminomethyloxiranes
Authors: Karikomi Michinori , Yamazaki Tohru , Toda Takashi
Published: April 2006

Several 2-aminomethyloxiranes (2) have been synthesized in good yields by the reaction of 2-(1-bromoalkyl)oxiranes (1) with primary or secondary amines. cis-2-Aminomethyloxiranes (2) were obtained from syn-(2-bromomethyl)oxiranes (1) with amines and KOH, and trans-2-aminomethyloxiranes (2) were obtained from anti-(2-bromomethyl)oxiranes (1) with amines, respectively, with stereospecific manner.
Photocleavage of C-C Single Bond of 1,2-Bis(4-acetylphenyl)ethane Derivatives
Authors: Ichinose Nobuyuki , Mizuno Kazuhiko , Otsuji Yoshio
Published: April 2006

1,2-Bis(4-acetylphenyl)ethanes undergo a novel meso-dl photoisomerization via the C1-C2 σ bond cleavage from their excited triplets. Comparison between acyclic and cyclic derivatives suggests that the energy barrier for the conformational change leading to the transition state with maximum σ-π orbital interaction, as well as the molecular strain estimated by MM2 calculations, plays an important role in determining the photochemical reactivity of the compounds.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Investigation of Dynamic-Static Jahn-Teller Effect in Cu(II) Doped Ba(5-amino-3,4-dimethylisoxazole)6(SCN)2
Authors: Ishihara Hideta , Krishnan V G
Published: April 2006

Electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR) studies have been carried out on Cu(II) doped hexakis(5-amino-3,4-dimethylisoxazole)Ba(SCN)2 in the temperature range 300 > T/K > 90. Spectra are characteristic of cupric ion substituting Ba(II) ion with Oh point symmetry at room temperature and subsequently distorting to a lower symmetry at 90 K. This observation is made for the first time of Cu(II) ion substituting Ba(II) ion sites.
One-Photon Ionization of Liquid Water upon 193 nm Laser Irradiation
Authors: Iwata Akyhiro , Nakashima Nobuaki , Izawa Yasukazu , Yamanaka Chiyoe
Published: April 2006

Water was photoionized through a one-photon process upon 193 nm laser irradiation. The quantum yield of photoionization was a few percent. Multiphoton ionization was not observed in this work, up to the laser fluence of 1.6 J/cm2.
Molecular Structure of a Novel Antitumor Antibiotic Leinamycin
Authors: Hirayama Noriaki , Matsuzawa Etsuyo Shimizu
Published: April 2006

The structure of a novel antitumor antibiotic leinamycin isolated from Streptomyces sp. was determined unequivocally by X-ray analysis. The molecule has a unique 1,3-dioxo-1,2-dithiolane moiety being connected to an 18-membered lactam ring through a spiro carbon.
Preparations and Sulfurization Reactions of (2,4-Di-t-butyl-6-methoxyphenyl)phosphine and 1-(2,4-Di-t-butyl-6-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl)diphosphene
Authors: Yoshifuji Masaaki , An De-Lie , Toyota Kozo , Yasunami Masafumi
Published: April 2006

A phosphonous dichloride carrying 2,4-di-t-butyl-6-methoxyphenyl as a novel sterically protecting group was prepared and converted to an unsymmetrical diphosphene, which reacted with sulfur to give the corresponding diphosphene sulfide and thiadiphosphirane. The phosphonous dichloride was reduced to the corresponding primary phosphine, which was sulfurized to a dithioxophosphorane. The dithioxophosphorane reacted with benzophenone to give thiobenzophenone.
Ethylenedioxy Substituted 2,5-Bis(1′,3′-dithiol-2′-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalenes and Their Conducting Salts
Authors: Misaki Yohji , Nishikawa Hiroyuki , Kawakami Kazuya , Yamabe Tokio , Mori Takehiko , Inokuchi Hiroo , Mori Hatsumi , Tanaka Shoji
Published: April 2006

The title compounds were prepared and their electrochemical properties were investigated. Several cation radical salts composed of them showed metallic conductive behavior down to 0.6 K. The X-ray crystal structure of AsF6 salt of ethylenedithio derivative, (EOET-TTP)3AsF6, revealed that the donors have “κ-type” arrangement in the conducting sheet.
Reactivity of Copper(I) Complexes Containing Various Tetradentate Tripodal Ligands with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Uozumi Kounosuke , Hayashi Yoshihito , Suzuki Masatatsu , Uehara Akira
Published: April 2006

Reactivity of copper(I) complexes [Cu(L)]+ containing a series of tetradentate tripodal ligands, (6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)m(2-pyridylmethyl)(3−m)amine (m = 1, 2, or 3) with molecular oxygen was investigated in acetone at −70 °C. It was found that the introduction of 6-methyl group(s) into pyridyl group(s) has significant influences on the stereochemistry and thermal stability of peroxo dicopper(II) complexes.
Rearrangement of 1-Alkynylcyclopropanol to 3-Substituted 2-Cyclopentenone Promoted by a Catalytic Amount of Octacarbonyldicobalt-Triphenylphosphite
Authors: Iwasawa Nobuharu , Matsuo Takeshi
Published: April 2006

The rearrangement of 1-(1-alkynyl)cyclopropanols is catalyzed efficiently by the combined use of octacarbonyldicobalt and triphenylphosphite to give 3-substituted 2-cyclopentenones in high yields.
Impact of Partial Manufacturing Flexibility on Production Variability
Authors: Muriel Ana , Somasundaram Anand , Zhang Yongmei
Published: April 2006

As manufacturers in various industries evolve toward predominantly make-to-order production to better serve their customers’ needs, increasing product mix flexibility emerges as a necessary strategy to provide adequate market responsiveness. However, the implications of increased flexibility on overall system performance are widely unknown. We develop analytical models and an optimization-based simulation tool to study the impact of increasing flexibility on shortages, production variability, component inventories, and order variability induced at upstream suppliers in general multiplant multiproduct make-to-order manufacturing systems. Our results show that Partial flexibility leads to a considerable increase in production variability, and consequently in higher component inventory levels and upstream order variability. Although a modest increase in flexibility yields most of the sales benefits, production variability is reduced as more flexibility is added to the system. Consequently, investments in additional flexibility may be justified when component inventories are expensive, or simply by the benefits associated with the smoother production. The performance of flexible systems is highly dependent on the capacity allocation policies implemented. Policies that evenly distribute product demands to the available plants lead to consistently better performance because they avoid the misplacement of inventories by replicating the performance of a single-plant system.

These insights and the simulation tool can be used by practitioners to guide the design of their flexible production systems, trading off the initial capital outlay versus the sales benefits and the expected operational costs.
The MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometric View of the Plasma Proteome and Peptidome
Authors: Hortin Glen L
Published: April 2006

Background: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and the related technique, surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI)-TOF MS, are being applied widely to analyze serum or plasma specimens for potential disease markers.

Methods: Reports on the basic principles and applications of MALDI-TOF MS were reviewed and related to information on abundance and masses of major plasma proteins.

Outcomes: MALDI-TOF MS is a particle-counting method that responds to molar abundance, and ranking of plasma proteins by molar abundance increases the rank of small proteins relative to traditional ranking by mass abundance. Detectors for MALDI-TOF MS augment the bias for detecting smaller components by yielding stronger signals for an equivalent number of small vs large ions. Consequently, MALDI-TOF MS is a powerful tool for surveying small proteins and peptides comprising the peptidome or fragmentome, opening this new realm for analysis. It is complementary to techniques such as electrophoresis and HPLC, which have a bias for detecting larger molecules. Virtually all of the potential markers identified by MALDI-TOF MS to date represent forms of the most abundant plasma proteins.

Conclusions: Analyses of serum or plasma by MALDI-TOF MS provide new information mainly about small proteins and peptides with high molar abundance. The spectrum of observed proteins and peptides suggests value for applications such as assessment of cardiovascular risk, nutritional status, liver injury, kidney failure, and systemic immune responses rather than early detection of cancer. Extending analysis by MALDI-TOF MS to lower abundance components, such as markers for early-stage cancers, probably will require more extensive specimen fractionation before analysis.
Introduction to the special issue: News decisions and news values
Authors: Reinemann Carsten , Schulz Winfried
Published: April 2006

It is one of the most relevant questions of journalism research: Why do journalists select certain events or topics for publication, neglecting the overwhelming majority of news available to them? Communication scholars have been addressing this question from very different theoretical perspectives, applying a wide variety of social research methods to answer it. But although there are various models identifying a multitude of influences on news decisions, a theory capable of exactly predicting the news selection of tomorrow's newspapers and news programs is still missing. Journalistic decision-making is a complex phenomenon that depends on a number of preconditions which are hard to tackle in a single theoretical approach or empirical investigation. Due to this complexity, there are still many unanswered questions that stimulate both empirical studies and theoretical thinking on news-making. Moreover, the media, journalism, and the factors shaping them are constantly changing. Yesterday's answers may not be appropriate to explain today's or tomorrow's news decisions.
Political parallelism in news and commentaries on the Haider conflict. A comparative analysis of Austrian, British, German, and French quality newspapers
Authors: Berkel Barbara
Published: April 2006

Normative theories of media functions require a clear distinction between the media's two roles as forum and speaker in public spheres. This article seeks to study potential violations of the rule of separating fact from opinion. The comparative content analysis takes a European political conflict, the so-called Haider debate, as a litmus test of objectivity of news reporting. The study reveals some critical consequences of the press' political involvement in the debate. In all countries under study, the press tends to incorporate journalistic evaluations into the news. The Haider debate was characterized by a ‘political parallelism’ of the press in a manner which Hallin and Mancini re-defined as ‘party-press parallelism’. The newspapers favorably gave voice to speakers supporting their own positions, thus instrumentalizing opportune witnesses. As a result, the newspapers ‘synchronized’ the coverage with their editorial stances, which lead to biased news reporting in all outlets.
Im Reich der Unsicherheit? Italienische Archive und die Erforschung des Faschismus
Authors: Mantelli Brunello
Published: April 2006

Vorspann

Zeitgeschichtsforschung in Italien, so hat ein großer Gelehrter einmal geschrieben, sei doppelt so mühsam wie in Frankreich, vor allem doppelt so zeitaufwendig. Brunello Mantelli differenziert diese allzu einseitige Einschätzung. Er verfolgt die Geschichte der faschistischen Archive, gibt einen ersten Überblick über die wichtigsten Quellenbestände und skizziert dabei - en passant - die neuesten Trends der Forschung über den Faschismus. Die Bilanz ist so schlecht nicht, auch wenn die Archiv- und Geschichtspolitik der Mitte-Rechts-Koalition von Berlusconi manchen Anlass zur Sorge gibt.
Eine Zentralstelle zur Verfolgung von Vertreibungsverbrechen? Rückseiten der Verjährungsdebatte in den Jahren 1964 bis 1966
Authors: Kittel Manfred
Published: April 2006

Vorspann

Begriffe wie „Verjährungsdebatte“ oder „Zentralstelle der Landesjustizverwaltungen“ werden gewöhnlich nur mit NS-Verbrechen in Verbindung gebracht. Dass diese Begriffe auch einmal eine ganz andere Bedeutung hatten, ist weitgehend in Vergessenheit geraten. Hier handelt es sich aber um mehr als nur eine Fußnote in der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik: Aus welchen Gründen ist eine Ahndung der Vertreibungsverbrechen an den Deutschen noch nicht einmal juristisch vorbereitet worden?
Die katholischen Bischöfe und der 17. Juni 1953
Authors: Kösters Christoph
Published: April 2006

Vorspann

Die Kirchen in der DDR haben die Streikenden einer verbreiteten Meinung nach am 17. Juni 1953 allein gelassen. Wohl auch infolge dieses gängigen Geschichtsbildes ist die Rolle der kleinen katholischen Diasporakirche bislang wenig erforscht worden. Christoph Kösters nimmt sie in seinem Beitrag genauer unter die Lupe und kann sich dabei auch auf neuere Ergebnisse einer von ihm bearbeiteten Aktenedition der Kommission für Zeitgeschichte stützen. Die katholische Kirche, zu diesem Schluss kommt Kösters, hatte gute Gründe, während des Aufstandes nicht die Machtfrage zu stellen. Welcher Art diese Gründe waren, wird im vorliegenden Beitrag deutlich.
Grave Matters: Emergent Networks and Summation in Remembering and Reconciliation
Authors: Murakami Kyoko , Middleton David
Published: April 2006

We examine British war veterans' involvement in practices of remembering and reconciliation. These veterans were prisoners of war (POWs) in the Far East in World War II, building the Thai–Burma Railway before transfer to a copper mine in Japan. Some 50 years later, they participated in a “reconciliation visit” to Japan. We discuss how and in what ways their postwar lives and wartime experiences are gathered up in the processes of remembering and reconciliation. In particular, we focus on how memories are transformed through processes of circulating reference in networks associating people, places, and things. We then examine how accounts of redemption involving claims to the consequences of experience as being other than expected, create the basis for emergent forms of remembering and reconciliation. [remembering, reconciliation, network, POWs, World War II]
From growth hormone-releasing peptides to ghrelin: discovery of new modulators of GH secretion
Authors: Lengyel Ana Maria J.
Published: April 2006

Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone and somatostatin modulate GH secretion. A third mechanism has been discovered in the last decade, involving the action of GH secretagogues. Ghrelin is a new acylated peptide produced mainly by the stomach, but also synthesized in the hypothalamus. This compound increases both GH release and food intake. The relative roles of hypothalamic and circulating ghrelin on GH secretion are still unknown. Endogenous ghrelin might amplify the basic pattern of GH secretion, optimizing somatotroph responsiveness to GH-releasing hormone. This peptide activates multiple interdependent intracellular pathways at the somatotroph, involving protein kinase C, protein kinase A and extracellular calcium systems. However, as ghrelin induces a greater release of GH in vivo, its main site of action is the hypothalamus. In this paper we review the available data on the discovery of ghrelin, the mechanisms of action and possible physiological roles of GH secretagogues and ghrelin on GH secretion, and, finally, the regulation of GH release in man after intravenous administration of these peptides.
Contribuição da glicemia pós-desjejum para o controle glicêmico do paciente com diabetes melito tipo 2
Authors: Sartori Maria Salete , Aragon Flávio Ferrari , Padovani Carlos Roberto , Pimenta Walkyria de P.
Published: April 2006

Estudos epidemiológicos observaram que glicemias pós-prandiais (GPPs) elevadas são fator principal na ocorrência de doenças cardiovasculares. Sabe-se que a hemoglobina glicada (HbA1C) reflete a glicemia média dos últimos 2-3 meses, entretanto é controversa a contribuição relativa da glicemia de jejum (GJ) e GPP para o valor da HbA1C. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a contribuição da GJ e GPPs para o valor da HbA1C em pacientes com diabetes melito tipo 2 (DM2). MÉTODOS: Participaram 53 indivíduos com DM2, estáveis e em tratamento com antidiabéticos orais (n= 27) e/ou insulina (n= 26). Cada paciente comparecia a 3 visitas a intervalos de 2 meses. Em cada visita era medida a GJ, as GPPs (2h pós-desjejum: GPD e pós-almoço: GPA) e a HbA1C, sendo fornecido o desjejum e o almoço segundo seus hábitos alimentares. Mediu-se a glicose plasmática pela glicose-oxidase e a HbA1C, pela cromatografia de troca iônica. Realizou-se a análise das associações pelo coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, com P< 0,05. RESULTADOS: A HbA1C correlacionou-se melhor em cada visita ao longo do estudo com a GPD (r: 0,660,48), a glicemia média (r: 0,640,41), a área abaixo da curva glicêmica (r : 0,640,46) e a GPP média (r: 0,590,41). CONCLUSÕES: A GPD mostrou-se um parâmetro eficaz adicional no monitoramento glicêmico dos pacientes com DM2.
Efeito do hormônio de crescimento sobre parâmetros antropométricos e metabólicos na obesidade andróide
Authors: Halpern Alfredo , Mancini Marcio Corrêa , Cercato Cíntia , Villares Sandra Mara F. , Costa Ana Paula A.C.
Published: April 2006

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do GH sobre peso, composição corporal, metabolismo de repouso e fatores de risco cardiovascular na obesidade visceral. O estudo foi prospectivo randomizado duplo-cego em 40 homens não diabéticos de 20 a 50 anos com RAQ (relação abdômen-quadril) > 1 tratados com GH (0,050 U/kg/dia) ou placebo por três meses. Foram avaliados peso, composição corporal por bioimpedância e DEXA, metabolismo de repouso através da calorimetria indireta e exames de fatores de risco cardiovasculares no início e fim do tratamento. O grupo de obesos tratados com GH teve reduções de peso (3,5 ± 2,9 kg), IMC (1,2 ± 1,0 kg/m²), RAQ (0,04 ± 0,01) e massa adiposa (2,4 ± 1,0 kg). As reduções porcentuais foram significantemente diferentes das observadas no grupo placebo. Também houve diminuição nos níveis de colesterol total (4,0 ± 3,3 mg/dL) e LDL-colesterol (5,7 ± 2,7 mg/dL) no grupo GH, em relação ao grupo placebo. Os outros fatores de risco não se alteraram significantemente. Concluímos que obesos tratados com GH por três meses apresentaram uma redução significante de peso corporal, gordura visceral e massa adiposa, e melhora do perfil lipídico. O benefício/risco do GH a longo prazo em obesos é desconhecido.
Relation between insulin resistance and hematological parameters in a Brazilian sample
Authors: Ellinger Vivian C.M. , Carlini Ludmila T. , Moreira Rodrigo O. , Meirelles Ricardo M.R.
Published: April 2006

It has already been demonstrated that insulin resistance (IR) is associated with the stimulation of erythroid progenitors and with increased levels of inflammation markers. Therefore, IR should also be associated with increased red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) count. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that IR is independently associated with altered hematological parameters in a Brazilian sample. We analyzed laboratorial exams from 925 subjects. All data on hematological parameters, insulin resistance (Homeostasis Model Assessment [HOMA]) and lipid levels were included in the analysis. Demographic information included age and gender. HOMA correlated positively with RBC (r= 0.17, p< 0.001), plasma hemoglobin concentrations (r= 0.14, p< 0.001), hematocrit value (r= 0.15, p< 0.001) and WBC (r= 0.17, p< 0.01). Subjects in the upper quartile of IR had higher levels of plasma glucose, fasting insulin, triglycerides, hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC and WBC count than those in the lower quartile. In conclusion, IR seems to be associated with alterations in several hematological parameters. These hematological alterations may be considered an indirect feature of the IR syndrome.
Hiperparatireoidismo associado à osteomalacia hipofosfatêmica do adulto: relato de caso e revisão da literatura
Authors: Moreira Rodrigo O. , Leal Christianne T.S. , Lacativa Paulo Gustavo S. , Figueiredo João Guilherme , Lima Maurício B. , Farias Maria Lucia F.
Published: April 2006

A osteomalacia hipofosfatêmica é uma doença rara caracterizada por hipofosfatemia, níveis elevados de fosfatase alcalina e diminuição da densidade óssea. O tratamento é realizado com suplementação oral com fosfato e vitamina D e, nos casos de osteomalacia oncogênica, com a ressecção do tumor. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente que apresentou quadro de osteomalácia hipofosfatêmica de causa indeterminada. Apesar de extensivamente procurado, nenhum tumor produtor de substância hipofosfatêmica foi localizado. A paciente foi tratada como suplementação de fosfato e vitamina D por longo período, evoluindo com quadro de hiperparatireoidismo terciário. A retirada de três paratireóides não normalizou os níveis de PTH e a paciente recusou-se a continuar a investigação e o tratamento. Após dez anos de tratamento irregular, foi internada por insuficiência respiratória causada por colabamento do arcabouço costal e múltiplas fraturas, evoluindo para o óbito. Os autores discutem a relação entre osteomalácia e hiperparatireoidismo e o curso agressivo da doença.
Prevalence of antibodies to the BK and JC papovaviruses in isolated populations
Authors: Candeias J. A. N. , Baruzzi R. G. , Pripas S. , lunes M.
Published: April 2006

A total of 173 sera from isolated Brazilian Indian populations, 39 from the Diauarun area, and 68 from the Alto Xingú area, respectively in the North and the South of the Xingú National Park and 66 Kren-Akorore Indians, were examined for hemagglutination - inhibiting (HI) antibodies against BK and JC viruses. The global percentages of positive sera (> 1:40) were 5.2% for BK virus and 1.7% for JC virus. The distribution of positive sera according to the population groups showed one individual to be positive for BK virus in the Diauarun Indians and none of the sera contained HI antibody to JC virus; in the Alto Xingú Indians, 4 were positive for BK virus and 3 others were positive for JC virus; as regards Kren-Akorore Indians none of the sera contained antibody to JC virus, and only 4 were BK positive. Due to the limited number of observations it was neither possible to determine the time of occurrence of seroconversion nor correlate the positivity rates for both viruses in the different tribes with the respective "contact" with the white population.
Sarampo: inquérito sobre antecedentes vacinal e de doença em crianças de 0 a 14 anos, atendidas nos Centros de Saúde Estaduais do Município de São Paulo, 1976
Authors: Barbosa Victório , Iversson Lygia Busch , Aquino Alba Chiara de
Published: April 2006

Em julho de 1976 foi realizado um inquérito em 3.096 crianças de 0 a 14 anos, que freqüentavam Centros de Saúde Estaduais no Município de São Paulo , Brasil, com o objetivo de identificar a população ainda suscetível ao sarampo, quer por não ter tido a doença quer por não ter sido vacinada. Também destinava-se, esta pesquisa, a obter outras informações locais de importância para a vigilância epidemiológica da moléstia.
Seleção de linhagens de Biomphalaria tenagophila e Biompnalaria glabrata visando maior suscetibilidade ao Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Santana José Valfrido de , Magalhães Luiz Augusto , Rangel Humberto de Araújo
Published: April 2006

Utilizando um esquema de seleção individual em progenies autofecundadas, foram obtidas, após quatro gerações, populações de Biomphalaria tenagophila e de Biomphalaria glabrata, altamente suscetíveis às linhagens do Schistosoma mansoni do Vale do Rio Paraíba do Sul, SP e de Belo Horizonte, MG (Brasil), respectivamente. Os rápidos ganhos genéticos obtidos confirmam ser a suscetibilidade de moluscos à infecção esquistossomótica, uma característica de alta herdabilidade, sendo aparentemente condicionada por um pequeno número de genes.
Estudo médico-social dos fatores contribuintes para os acidentes das aeronaves executivas convencionais registrados entre 1971 e 1975, no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil: I - Época e hora da ocorrência e principal fator contribuinte
Authors: Meira Affonso Renato
Published: April 2006

Em estudo sobre os acidentes aeronáuticos ocorridos de 1971 à 1975 com aeronaves executivas convencionais na área do IV Comando Aéreo Regional, foram analisados diversos fatores contribuintes para esse fato. Foram examinados a época da ocorrência e o principal fator contribuinte, concluindo-se que o período do dia em que se verificou maior número de acidentes foi à tarde entre 14 e 18 h., e que o fator operacional, devido ao piloto, está associado estatisticamente com a ocorrência dos acidentes. Não foi possível comprovar maior índice de ocorrência de acidentes com referência aos meses do ano.
Dobras cutâneas em escolares de sete a onze anos
Authors: Hegg Raymond Victor
Published: April 2006

Análise do comportamento, em função de sexo e idade, das medidas de duas dobras cutâneas em 717 escolares de 7 a 11 anos, caucasóides, brasileiros, pertencentes a grupo sócio-econômico médio alto. Os valores médios das duas dobras cutâneas apresentaram acentuada e progressiva elevação em função da idade no sexo feminino e pouca oscilação no sexo masculino; foram mais elevados no sexo feminino com significância ao nível de 1% e a dobra tricipital sobrepujou a subescapular nos dois sexos e em todas as idades.
Investigação sobre a prevalência de xeroftalmia, através de inquérito realizado junto a oftalmologistas brasileiros
Authors: Roncada Maria José , Wilson Donald , Lui Netto Adamo , Berretta Netto Olderigo , Kalil Aldonia C.
Published: April 2006

Foi realizado um levantamento sobre a prevalência de xeroftalmia em todos os Estados do Brasil, através de questionários enviados a oftalmologistas. Os resultados revelaram baixa prevalência daquelas lesões consideradas mais significativas de xeroftalmia. Sendo o trabalho retrospectivo, não foi possível calcular coeficientes relacionados à população exposta ao risco. Entretanto, os dados sugerem que a xeroftalmia não é problema de Saúde Pública em nosso meio.
Estado nutritional e condições sócio-econômicas: o problema revisitado
Authors: Sampaio Yony , Coelho Heloisa de A. L.
Published: April 2006

A análise por estrato de renda veio evidenciar que a variável educação tem uma influência bem menor de que no modelo não estratificado e, ainda, que só nos níveis de renda intermediários as diferenças do estado nutricional podem ser explicadas por outras variáveis, entre as consideradas, além da renda. Este trabalho leva a acreditar que o tipo de análise utilizada (regressão múltipla) foi bastante oportuno, permitindo, assim, quantificar a influência de algumas variáveis sócio-econômicas sobre o estado nutritional. Adverte-se que as hipóteses utilizadas devem ser claramente mencionadas a fim de que as limitações do tratamento estejam bem presentes aos utilizadores dos resultados.
Suscetibilidade de Biomphalaria glabrata, variante albina, oriunda de Belo Horizonte, MG, à infecção por Schistosoma mansoni, parasita em condições naturais, de roedores silvestres do Vale do Rio Paraíba do Sul, SP (Brasil)
Authors: Bastos Othon de Carvalho , Guaraldo Ana Maria Aparecida , Magalhães Luiz Augusto
Published: April 2006

Comprova-se que, em condições experimentais, a Biomphalaria glabrata, variante albina, originária de Belo Horizonte (MG) é suscetível à infecção por linhagem de S. mansoni isolada de roedores silvestres do Vale do Rio Paraíba do Sal, no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. São sugeridas razões procurando esclarecer a ocorrência da esquistossomose mansônica no Vale do Rio Paraíba do Sul, área geográfica em que ainda não foi encontrada B. glabrata, hospedeira intermediária do trematódeo e onde se desenvolve intensamente B. tenagophila, espécie considerada menos suscetível ao esquistossomo. São fornecidas informações sobre a presença simultânea de duas linhagens de comportamento biológico diferente: a linhagem H, diretamente relacionada com o homem e a linhagem S, oriunda de roedores silvestres, ambas da mesma área geográfica.
Análise da fidedignidade dos dados estatísticos hospitalares disponíveis na Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo em 1974
Authors: Lebrão Maria Lúcia
Published: April 2006

Foi analisada a fidedignidade dos dados estatísticos hospitalares recebidos pela Coordenadoria de Assistência Hospitalar da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo. Mediante uma amostra sistemática por conglomerado em etapa única, com base nas saídas de pacientes relacionados nos Boletins 101 - "Movimento de Pacientes Saídos" - foram visitados 31 hospitais de assistência hospitalar geral e examinados 7.021 prontuários de pacientes saídos durante um mês. A perda de prontuários foi em média de 19,64%. Houve concordância de dados quanto à idade, procedência, data de admissão e tipo de saída, respectivamente de 97,08%, 96,93%, 98,47% e 99,82%. Relativamente à data de saída, a discordância média foi de 7,43%, com valores de até 65,64% e 82,51% de erro, sendo analisados alguns fatores responsáveis por esses resultados. Quanto aos diagnósticos, verificou-se que há um aumento da relação de diagnósticos por paciente, na medida em que se examinam o Boletim 101 e os prontuários, e que alguns diagnósticos tais como anemias, desnutrição e verminoses apareceram inúmeras vezes nos prontuários sem a devida transcrição no Boletim 101. Em 17,51% dos casos, os diagnósticos registrados nos Boletins não concordaram com os diagnósticos dos prontuários, havendo 458 saídas (6,52%) onde o único diagnóstico registrado era um estado mórbido mal definido, tendo sido possível reduzir, mediante análise dos prontuários, esse número para 174 casos (2,48%).
Estudo comparativo entre os métodos de coloração fluorescente e Ziehl-Neelsen em secreções pulmonares
Authors: Niero Rinaldo , Bello Maria José Andrade , Possas Joselita Silvia Berardi
Published: April 2006

Foi realizada uma comparação entre os métodos de microscopia fluorescente e Ziehl-Neelsen, para evidenciação de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes em secreções pulmonares. A sensibilidade e especificidade de cada método foram avaliadas em função da cultura, mostrando que o método fluorescente apresentou uma diferença de sensibilidade de 7,28% e 3,17% para as áreas estudadas. As diferenças quanto a especificidade foram desprezíveis. Houve uma associação positiva entre ambos os métodos.
Genetic relationships of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated from a diphtheria case and carriers by restriction fragment length polymorphism of rRNA genes
Authors: Sacchi Claudio Tavares , Lemos Ana Paula Silva de , Casagrande Silvana Tadeu , Mori Alice Massumi , Almeida Carmecy Lopes de
Published: April 2006

In the present study we report the results of an analysis, based on ribotyping of Corynebacterium diphtheriae intermedius strains isolated from a 9 years old child with clinical diphtheria and his 5 contacts. Quantitative analysis of RFLPs of rRNA was used to determine relatedness of these 7 C.diphtheriae strains providing support data in the diphtheria epidemiology. We have also tested those strains for toxigenicity in vitro by using the Elek's gel diffusion method and in vivo by using cell culture method on cultured monkey kidney cell (VERO cells). The hybridization results revealed that the 5 C.diphtheriae strains isolated from contacts and one isolated from the clinical case (nose case strain) had identical RFLP patterns with all 4 restriction endonucleases used, ribotype B. The genetic distance from this ribotype and ribotype A (throat case strain), that we initially assumed to be responsible for the illness of the patient, was of 0.450 showing poor genetic correlation among these two ribotypes. We found no significant differences concerned to the toxin production by using the cell culture method. In conclusion, the use of RFLPs of rRNA gene was successful in detecting minor differences in closely related toxigenic C.diphtheriae intermedius strains and providing information about genetic relationships among them.
The hamster cheek pouch: an immunologically privileged site suitable to the study of granulomatous infections
Authors: Arruda M. S. P. de , Montenegro M. R.
Published: April 2006

The hamster check pouch is an invagination of oral mucosa, characterized histologically as skin-like. In this paper we describe anatomical, histological and embriological features of the pouch and coment on the pouch as an immunologically privileged site since it lacks lymphatic drainage and has few Langerhans cells. We present the review from literature and our observations after inoculation in the pouch of mycobacteriae (BCG, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae) and a fungus (Paracoccidioides brasiliensis). Lesions in the pouch were granulomatous but smaller and long lasting; even granulomatous, the reaction was inefficient to control the proliferation of agents compared with inoculation in other sites, except for BCG. Appearance of immunity was also delayed or absent and, when it was detected, a sharp decrease in number of agents in pouch lesions was observed. These observations make the pouch an interesting site for the study of the role of immune system in infeccious diseases and in granuloma formation.
Chagas' disease in the Brazilian Amazon: III. a cross-sectional sutdy
Authors: Coura José Rodrigues , Willcox Henry Percy Faraco , Naranjo Margarita Arboleda , Fernandes Octavio , Paiva Daurita Darci de
Published: April 2006

Two serological surveys for Chagas' infection were carried out, in 1991 and 1993, respectively, using a conglomerate family samples from the residents in the town of Barcelos (in the northern part of the State of Amazonas, on the right bank of the Rio Negro, 490 Km up-river from Manaus), using indirect immunofluorescent tests for anti-T. cruzi antibodies. In the first survey (1991), 628 blood samples from the residents of 142 dwellings were tested, showing positive in 12.7% for anti-T. cruzi antibodies and in 1993 an other 658 samples from residents of 171 dwellings showed positive in 13.7% of the tests, thus confirming the previous results. From 170 individuals with positive serology for T. cruzi antibodies, 112 (66%) were interviewed and submitted to electrocardiographic and clinical examinations; 82 (73.2%) of them gave consent for xenodiagnosis. From the 112 interviewed 52 (46.4%) recognized the triatomines as "piaçavas' lice", 48 (42.8%) knew the bugs from their work places being gatherers of piaçava fibers in rural areas and 19 (16.9%) said that have been bitten by bugs in their huts. Only 2 (2.4%) of 82 xenodiagnosis applied were positive for T. cruzi and 9 (8%) of the ECG had alterations compatible with Chagas' disease.
Risk factors and prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A virus (HAV) in children from day-care centers, in Goiania, Brazil
Authors: Queiróz D.A.O. , Cardoso D.D.P. , Martelli C.M.T. , Martins R.M.B. , Porto S.O.B. , Borges A.M.T. , Azevedo M.S.P. , Daher R.R.
Published: April 2006

A seroepidemiologic survey about hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection was carried out in a group comprising 310 children, ranging in age from 3 months to 9 years, from day-care centers, in Goiania, a middle sized city in the central region of Brazil. The biomarkers employed in the investigation of previous infection include total IgG and IgM anti-HAV antibodies, and for the detection of more recent infection, IgM anti-HAV antibodies were analyzed. The study was performed in 1991 and 1992. According to the results, 69.7% of the children presented total IgG/IgM anti-HAV antibodies, with 60% of the group in the age range of 1 to 3 years. Among 10 day-care centers analyzed, the prevalence of the biomarker IgM anti-HAV was 3.2%, with an uniform distribution of the cases in the group of children ranging in age from 1 to 4 years. Multi-variate analysis was performed to investigate the sociodemographic factors that could influence the results. It was verified that the risk for the infection increased with the length of the attendance in the day-care centers, i.e., the risk for children with attendance of one year or more was 4.7 times higher, when compared with children with one month attendance (CI 95% 2.3-9.9). According to the results, hepatitis A is an endemic infection in day-care centers in the study area. The length of attendance in the day-care settings was demonstrated to be a risk factor for the HAV infection. Such findings suggest that if hepatits A vaccination becomes available as a routine policy in our region, the target group should be children under one year. Moreover, those children should receive the vaccine before they start to attend the day-care centers.
Influência da temperatura e da quantidade de água no substrato sobre a germinação de sementes de Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urban (pau-de-balsa)
Authors: Ramos Michele Braule Pinto , Varela Vania Palmeira , Melo Maria de Fátima Figueiredo
Published: April 2006

O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes volumes de água no substrato e temperaturas na germinação de sementes de Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urban. Antes da instalação dos testes de germinação, as sementes foram tratadas com imersão em água quente a 80º C até o resfriamento, para superar a dormência. A semeadura foi realizada em rolos de papel germitest, umedecidos com volumes (mL) de água equivalentes a 1,5; 2,0; 2,5 e 3,0 vezes o peso do substrato nas temperaturas de 25, 30 e 35º C. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado com os tratamentos em esquema fatorial 4 x 3. Para cada tratamento, utilizaram-se quatro repetições de 25 sementes. Após o encerramento do experimento (aos 21 dias), foi avaliada a porcentagem, o índice de velocidade de germinação e os comprimentos da raiz primária e do hipocótilo. A porcentagem de germinação final não foi influenciada pelos fatores estudados. O índice de velocidade de germinação foi favorecido pelas maiores temperaturas, 30 e 35º C. A temperatura de 30º C e a quantidade de água de 1,5 vezes o peso do papel, e 35º C e a quantidade de 3,0 vezes, foram as mais indicadas para o desenvolvimento da raiz primária e do hipocótilo da espécie. Para a germinação das sementes de O. pyramidale recomenda-se a temperatura de 30º C com a quantidade de água de 1,5 vezes o peso do papel, e a temperatura de 35º C com a quantidade de água de 3,0 vezes.
Descrição de Xestoblatta mamorensis sp. nov. (Blattellidae: Blattaria), do estado de Rondônia, Brasil
Authors: Lopes Sonia Maria , Oliveira Edivar Heeren de
Published: April 2006

Xestoblatta mamorensis sp. nov. é descrita do Estado de Rondônia (Brasil). Foram utilizadas para sua determinação a morfologia das placas genitais e genitália do macho e presença de especialização abdominal em mais de um segmento.
O papel da cirurgia torácica vídeo-assistida - CTVA - no tratamento da pneumonite necrosante na criança
Authors: Velhote Carlos Eduardo Prieto , Velhote Manoel Carlos Prieto
Published: April 2006

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o papel da cirurgia torácica vídeo-assistida (CTVA) no tratamento das complicações pleurais da pneumonite necrosante (PN) na criança, em sua fase aguda. MÉTODO: Avaliação prospectiva de sete pacientes com idades entre quatro e sete anos, portadores de empiema pleural com PN, com diagnóstico confirmado por tomografia computadorizada de tórax (TC) e cirurgia. Realizou-se a descorticação pulmonar com esvaziamento do pleuris, desbridamento e ressecção do tecido pulmonar comprometido, e drenagem torácica, através de videotoracoscopia com três portais. Foram avaliados no pós-operatório a curva térmica, o leucograma, o tempo de drenagem torácica e a permanência hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Houve re-expansão pulmonar completa em todos os pacientes tratados pela CTVA, com rápida melhora do estado geral, queda de temperatura e da leucocitose na primeira semana pós-tratamento. O período de drenagem pós-CTVA variou de sete a 17 dias, e a permanência hospitalar póscirúrgica foi menor quando comparada com dados da literatura em que o tratamento utilizado foi a drenagem torácica com antibioticoterapia ou a cirurgia a céu aberto. CONCLUSÕES: A utilização da CTVA como coadjuvante no tratamento da PN acompanhada de complicações pleurais, tem papel importante na aceleração da recuperação clínica do paciente, proporcionando a reexpansão mais rápida do pulmão colapsado, com melhoria das condições respiratórias.
Modelo experimental de icterícia obstrutiva: avaliação por meio da bioimpedância
Authors: Tomasich Flávio Daniel Saavedra , Dias Adilson Alves , Simões Maria de Lourdes Pessole Biondo , Pacheco Adhemar Monteiro , Costa Patrícia Burda , Piechnik Juliana
Published: April 2006

OBJETIVO: A bioimpedância é um método utilizado, como medida de massa corporal, volume líquido e volume de gordura corporal. Os autores analisam a utilização e desempenho da impedância em modelo de pesquisa experimental de icterícia obstrutiva. MÉTODO: Utilizaram-se oito ratos da linhagem Wistar, que foram divididos em dois grupos de quatro animais: grupo 1(experimento) e grupo 2 (controle). No grupo 1 foi realizado ligadura do colédoco e no grupo 2 laparotomia. Realizou-se a mensuração da resistência e da reatância capacitiva com aparelho de análise de bioimpedância no pré e pós-operatórios. RESULTADOS: O estudo revelou valores médios de resistência para o grupo controle maiores do que para o experimento, mostrando uma diferença significante. Também os valores de reatância capacitiva apresentaram médias maiores no grupo controle com p<0,0001. CONCLUSÕES: A análise dos resultados permite concluir que no rato: há diferenças nos valores de impedância entre os animais do grupo controle e experimental; os valores médios de resistência e reatância capacitiva são menores no grupo experimento e que a aplicabilidade da impedância no presente modelo pode ser sugerida.
Infection by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in Rio Grande do Norte State
Authors: Silva J.S. , Castro R.S. , Melo C.B. , Feijó F.M.C.
Published: April 2006

The prevalence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) infection in dairy goat herds from Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, was estimated, and the predisposing factors to the infection were identified. An epidemiologic survey was held to collect information on educational level of the owner and origin of the animals, and on sanitation and vaccination practices, diseases, morbidity and mortality rates in the herds. The prevalence of CAE virus infection was 11%, and CAE was always observed in some goats in all studied municipalities.
Interferon tau secretion in cattle embryos in vitro fertilized before and after cryopreservation
Authors: Araújo M.C.C. , Vale Filho V.R. , Ferreira A.M. , Sá W.F. , Barreto Filho J.B. , Camargo L.S.A. , Serapião R.V. , Silva M.V.G.B.
Published: April 2006

The effect of cryopreservation in IFN-tau, from bovine embryos produced in vitro was evaluated. Two treated groups (G1= fresh bovine embryos, n=59 and G2= freezed embryos, n=84) were used to study the effect of cryopreservation on IFN-tau secretion. After reaching the blastocyst phase, the embryos were kept on individual culture for additional period of 7 days. On days 3 and 7 after the beginning of embryos cultivation, samples of the media culture were taken for IFN-tau secretion titration. Oocysts taken from follicles ranging from 3 to 5mm in diameter were obtained from ovaries of females at slaughterhouse. The embryos were frozen, after being dehydrated with ethylene glycol (1.8m), conditioned on 0.5ml palletes and frozen. Frozen embryos secreted lower IFN-tau than fresh embryos (P<0.05). At day 7 it was registered higher IFN-tau secretion from trophoblast than at day 3 (P<0.05). The increasing of IFN-tau secretion was observed when the blastocyst began to longed and it was directly related to the embryos development. The synthesis of IFN-tau is related to the capability of development of the blastocyst. Cryopreservation is a method that affects the maternal recognition of pregnancy and the post-freezing embryo development.