bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOCHEMICAL ROLE OF XANTHINE OXIDOREDUCTASE AND ITS NATURAL INHIBITORS: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Mandava Kiranmai , Batchu Uma Rajeswari
Published: October 2016

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a widely distributed housekeeping enzyme in mammals that catalyzes the last two steps in human purine catabolism to produce uric acid. The enzyme exists as a homodimer with independent electron transfer in each monomer. This has been studied extensively as a major constituent of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) which surrounds fat globules in cow's milk even though purine catabolism is the most accepted function of XOR. A huge number of literature highlights on the different catalytic forms of XOR and their importance in the generation of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and synthesis of uric acid which are involved in many physiological and pathological processes. However, a slight ambiguity resides in their biochemical functions. The aim of this article was to review the literature published on the structural, catalytical, physiological and pathological role of XOR and to resolve the ambiguity in biochemical processes and to firm up various natural inhibitors of XOR collectively. Uric acid, the product of purine catabolism shows antioxidant activity, and XOR-derived ROS and RNS play a role in innate immunity, milk secretion and also be involved in signaling and metabolism of xenobiotics. Furthermore, XOR is likely to be engaged in pathology because of excessive production of uric acid and ROS/RNS. This review also reports natural XOR inhibitors in plants which inhibit the enzyme to treat XOR associated pathology.
BRONCHOCONSTRICTION SECONDARY TO USE OF TOPICAL TIMOLOL IN A NON-ASTHMATIC PATIENT
Authors: Nayak Satish , Rao Karthik , Patil Navin , Avinash A. , B. Jayaprakash , Rau N. R.
Published: October 2016

Ophthalmic application of a non-selective beta blocker like timolol maleate is known to produce bronchoconstriction in asthmatic individuals or patients with obstructive lung diseases. Timolol-induced bronchoconstriction in a previously healthy young adult without any pulmonary disease is rare. We report a case of a young adult who developed bronchoconstriction following ocular instillation of timolol maleate ophthalmic solution when he was treated for open-angle glaucoma.
ANTIMICROBIAL AND IN SILICO ADMET SCREENING OF NOVEL (E)-N-(2-(1H-INDOL-3-YL-AMINO) VINYL)-3-(1-METHYL-1H-INDOL-3-YL)-3-PHENYLPROPANAMIDE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Manjunatha K. S. , Satyanarayan N. D. , Harishkumar S.
Published: October 2016

Objective: Synthesis, in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity (ADMET) and in vitro antimicrobial screening of (E)-N-(2-(1H-indol-3-ylamino) vinyl)-3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-phenylpropanamide derivatives.

Methods: (E)-N-(2-(1H-indol-3-ylamino) vinyl)-3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3 phenylpropane-amide derivatives were synthesized by combining indole ethanolamine and substituted Meldrum’s adduct. The synthesized compounds were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial study by cup plate method and in silico ADMET properties using ACD/I-Lab 2.0.

Results: The in vitro antimicrobial screening against precarious pathogenic microorganisms viz, Pseudomonas aureginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and the antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillin chrysogenum and Cladosporium oxysporum strains. The results revealed that compounds 5b, 5c, 5d and 5e showed good antimicrobial property and obeyed the in silico pharmacokinetic parameters.

Conclusion: The encouraging results exhibited by the compounds (E)-N-(2-(1H-indol-3-ylamino) vinyl)-3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-phenyl propanamide derivatives, 5(a-e) can be explored as possible hits in antimicrobial therapy. The molecules obey the Lipinski rule of five when tested in silico and can be used in understanding the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) parameters.
Shelley's Grave, Botanical Souvenirs, and Handling Literary Afterlives in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Roberson Jessica
Published: October 2016

The touristic practice of gathering flowers from famous graves has been allowed to contribute, relatively unexamined by critical scholarship, to narratives of Victorian sentimentality. This essay rethinks the role of such botanical ephemera in constructing and responding to representations of literary afterlives in the nineteenth century. Specifically, it considers botanical souvenirs taken from the grave of Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley by Anglophone tourists over the course of the nineteenth century. Shelley's grave at the Protestant Cemetery in Rome, where his ashes were ultimately interred following his death by drowning in 1822, was a popular destination for literary tourists by mid-century. The numerous botanical souvenirs collected from Shelley's gravesite in the nineteenth century complicate simple narratives of textual reiteration, revealing reciprocal material gestures necessary to posthumous existence. These souvenirs constitute a branch of the Shelley mythology that thrives on the appearance of natural regeneration but that is, in fact, profoundly dependent on the material and emotional investment of readers and admirers. Examining the overlapping cultural discourses of botany, tourism, and the textual reception and reproduction of Shelley's Adonais in which these souvenirs emerged, this essay argues that these souvenirs provide an alternative archive for an embodied, affective posthumous Shelley. However, these souvenirs do not speak only to Shelley's poetical afterlife. Attention to particular souvenirs, such as a rose sent to American author and critic Margaret Fuller, reveals ways in which interest in a dead poet could also be a palpable expression of personal identity and desire.
Periódicos franceses de la ciudad de México: 1837-1911
Authors: Coudart Laurence
Published: October 2016

Los periódicos franceses publicados en la ciudad de México durante el siglo xix hasta el principio de la Revolución de 1910 testifican la presencia francesa en México y los intercambios políticos, económicos y culturales entre los dos países. Estos periódicos se dirigen a la importante colonia francesa y a los ciudadanos mexicanos; circulan en México y en Francia, y, a menudo más libres que los diarios nacionales en los tiempos de censura, intervienen en el debate político interior. Precoz-la primera fundación es de 1837-, esta prensa es muy dinámica: al menos veinticuatro periódicos fueron creados durante este periodo que conoce un momento intenso de fundaciones entre 1867 y 1883. La cuestión de la reanudación de las relaciones diplomáticas entre los dos países, suspendidas por la Intervención francesa de 1862, es sin duda la causa de esta dinámica en la cual la cuestión comercial es primordial. Aparentemente, desde los años 1870, el contenido de los periódicos tiene menos énfasis en los aspectos políticos, aun cuando desde sus orígenes sus programas se orientan a las cuestiones económicas y transmiten un discurso dominado, muchas veces, por un cierto liberalismo conservador.
Tétouan
Authors: Miège Jean-Louis , Benaboud M’hammad , Erzini Nadia
Published: October 2016

« Patrimoine de la Méditerranée »: une collection qui se propose de retrouver l'esprit des lieux, de les faire revivre à travers leur histoire, de susciter l'imagination du passé. Chaque ouvrage, s'appuyant sur les acquis les plus récents de la recherche, s'organise autour d'un thème privilégié. Une petite ville nommée Tétouan était apparue dès 710, mais ce n'était plus qu'une modeste bourgade à la tin du XVe siècle, avant l'arrivée des musulmans d'Andalousie fuyant la reconquête chrétienne. Les émigrés grenadins furent à l'origine de la renaissance de la ville et de son extraordinaire développement. Pendant quatre siècles, du XVIe au XIXe, Tétouan fut un foyer de culture andalouse en terre marocaine. Gouvernée par de grandes familles au pouvoir héréditaire, riche d'une forte élite intellectuelle et commerçante se perpétuant d'âge en âge, elle sut maintenir son autonomie politique, étendre ses échanges vers l'Europe et le Proche-Orient, accueillir des populations diverses, tout en conservant sa profonde originalité culturelle. La civilisation tétouanaise, greffant sur le fonds andalou maintenu et enrichi les apports ottomans et ceux de son environnement rural et berbère, atteignit son degré de perfection au XVIIIe siècle. Malgré les mutations apportées, depuis un siècle, par la modernisation et l'essor de la ville nouvelle, la vieille cité, préservée dans ses anciennes murailles, conserve sa personnalité, unique dans le monde musulman. Cet ouvrage, histoire et description d'une ville andalouse marocaine, de ses palais et de ses édifices religieux, est aussi l'analyse de l'esprit et de la culture du Tétouanais, fier des valeurs dont il a hérité, qu'il a maintenues mais aussi adaptées pour relever les défis d'une histoire séculaire.
Villes, pratiques urbaines et construction nationale en Jordanie
Authors: Ababsa Myriam , Daher Rami Farouk
Published: October 2016

La ville jordanienne a historiquement peu contribué à la construction nationale, l’élément décisif ayant été l’allégeance directe à la monarchie hachémite. L’urbain serait en Jordanie un espace peu favorable à l’expression d’une citoyenneté détachée des appartenances primaires.. Pourtant, au sein de la capitale, des citadins parviennent à lancer des initiatives de participation citoyenne au service de la collectivité, manifestant leur appartenance à une élite urbaine post-moderne et faisant même participer la ville à une « citoyenneté mondiale ». Ce livre aborde par la ville la question abondamment étudiée de l’identité nationale et de la citoyenneté en Jordanie, en montrant les formes d’intégration et de démarcation des différentes composantes de la population dans l’espace urbain. Il adopte une approche diachronique qui présente le rôle des villes dans la construction nationale jordanienne, puis les modes de gestion des espaces urbains et enfin les pratiques individuelles de l’urbain détachées des affiliations primaires.
Amman selon les « pauvres »
Authors: Khalil Ahmad Abu
Published: October 2016

Ahmad Abu Khalil, editor of the monthly al-Mastour which deals with issues of poverty in Jordan, reflects on the widening divides of wealth within the city of Amman and the bitterness of the underprivileged. His essay begins by describing two scenes of daily life in downtown Amman. In the first, street vendors confront police officers who are moving them on by asking them why they are not controlling the growing phenomenon of prostitution in the streets of West Amman instead. In the second, he describes the police trying to disperse groups of youths who are watching private high-society parties in video stores. The author wonders which activity is immoral : watching these parties or attending them.The author is nostalgic for the social relations of the past between the working classes and rich populations, like those of the forties which Abderrahman Munif described in his book Story of a City : A Childhood in Amman. Abu Khalil shows that from the 1970s West Amman separated from the East of the city, and that the impoverishment of the neighbourhoods in the East worsened in the 2000s : an even poorer eastern part of the East appeared, while a wealthier western area of the West emerged in the form of gated communities. At the same time, the relocation of Abdali bus station in 2007 further isolated the inhabitants of the city centre. He also bemoans the extension of the municipality which caused the price of constructible agricultural land to soar, as well as the lack of employment opportunities for the children of residents of these areas.
Des banlieues à la ville. Les termes du débat
Authors: Frey Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2016

Essai de définition historique et anthropologique, à travers des textes littéraires et plusieurs études transdisciplinaires, du terme de « banlieue » ; ceci depuis l’époque médiévale, où il renvoie à la notion de « territoire à la périphérie des bourgs » généralement fortifiés, jusqu’à l’époque contemporaine où il désigne encore un espace en marge des « richesses de la grande ville ».
Bourj Hammoud : logiques municipales entre aménagement, développement et identité patrimoniale
Authors: Mangassarian Arpiné
Published: October 2016

Est évoqué ici l’ensemble des espaces et équipements publics constitués au cours du xxe siècle dans la municipalité de Bourj Hammoud, au nord-est de Beyrouth, peuplée essentiellement d’Arméniens exilés après 1917. On aborde aussi les effets négatifs résultant de la pression exercée par des logiques d’aménagement plus adaptées à la capitale qu’à ses périphéries, ainsi que les actions envisagées par la municipalité pour sauvegarder le patrimoine collectif.
La gestion délicate de la mémoire sur le terrain municipal
Authors: Gharios Edmond
Published: October 2016

Située sur la ligne de démarcation entre Est et Ouest pendant la guerre civile, la municipalité de Chiah a particulièrement souffert des affrontements, qui ont d’une part mené à la destruction quasi totale de ses espaces publics et d’autre part provoqué des vagues d’immigration massive. Dans ces conditions, ce n’est pas une tâche facile que de faire renaître une culture et une mémoire consensuelles compte tenu des recompositions de population.
De la minorité de guerre au premier communisme français : construire l’histoire et les archives de la scission de Tours
Authors: Ducoulombier Romain
Published: October 2016

Reprenant les grandes lignes de sa thèse, Romain Ducoulombier expose comment la thèse « accidentaliste » proposée par Annie Kriegel pour expliquer la naissance du Parti communiste français, présentée par elle comme une « greffe » du communisme bolchevique sur le corps de la SFIO, ne peut valablement rendre compte de la réalité de l’implantation du parti communiste en France ; qu’il faut bien plutôt penser la réalité du premier communisme français dans une conjoncture large, qui commence en 1914 et dure jusqu’au tournant des années 1924-1926, au moment du tournant de la « bolchevisation », à la fois conséquence et développement de la crise née au moment de la guerre à l’intérieur de la SIO.L’histoire de la naissance du communisme français s’inscrit dans celle de l’Internationale communiste, dans celle de la guerre de 1914-1918, mais d’abord dans l’histoire de la Gauche et de ses enjeux, en 1914 et pendant la guerre. Elle ne se réduit à aucune de ces problématiques, mais on peut considérer que la dépendance à l’égard de la crise provoquée dans le mouvement socialiste par la guerre de 1914 offre la voie d’accès la plus éclairante pour saisir la réalité de ce premier communisme français. C’est dans ce refus, la révolte de la minorité de guerre du Parti contre la guerre, dans le désir de régénérer le Parti socialiste d’une nouvelle génération de militants, qu’il faut chercher les sources de l’adhésion à la IIIe Internationale. Pour saisir la réalité de cette opinion militante qui provoqua l’adhésion à la IIIe Internationale, la nécessité d’une « histoire par le bas » s’impose. Elle est nécessaire pour comprendre qu’il s’est agit, en 1920, non pas de l’imposition d’un modèle bolchevique, mais bien plutôt d’une adaptation stratégique, par une nouvelle génération de cadres, à une nouvelle pratique militante pour la constitution d’un parti de type nouveau, dont le parti bolchevique apparut alors comme le modèle.Afin de documenter cette approche nouvelle, certains fonds d’archives imparfaitement exploités jusqu’à présent (fonds Albert Thomas et fonds Marcel Sembat aux Archives nationales ; fonds Dispan de Florant au centre d’archives de l’ENSP) ont permis à Romain Ducoulombier de vérifier efficacement ses hypothèses de travail. De même, le fonds dit Panthéon (dossiers de la sous-série F7 des Archives nationales) et surtout le fonds dit de Moscou, conservé à Fontainebleau, fournissent-ils un matériau documentaire de premier ordre et constituent-ils une référence documentaire incontournable, recoupant les fonds du RGASPI, pour jeter les bases d’une prosopographie complète des militants socialistes impliqués dans l’histoire de ce premier communisme français.
Une édition régionale de L’Humanité : L’Humanité du Midi (décembre 1923-novembre 1925)
Authors: Courban Alexandre
Published: October 2016

Une édition régionale de L’Humanité, L’Humanité du Midi, fut expérimentée, entre 1921 et 1925, afin de tenter de répondre au besoin, d’une part, d’augmenter la pénétration du journal, d’autre part, de proposer un contenu plus riche aux lecteurs de province, qui ne pouvaient disposer, à la différence de la clientèle parisienne, d’une édition du quotidien plus étoffée, le dimanche dans la matinée, ce à quoi les premier ne pouvaient prétendre, étant donné les difficultés de la distribution. L’expérience commença par le Gard ; une édition se mit en place à Nîmes, puis d’autres régions suivirent, couvrant toute la partie sud de la France. La question du contenu était au centre des préoccupations des responsables de cette édition du Midi. Les militants ressentaient fortement le besoin d’une expression politique, en réponse à la presse bourgeoise. Il s’agissait donc de combiner à la fois une information relativement généraliste et localiste et une information plus militante, pari en grande partie tenu. Cependant, les difficultés organisationnelles dans les relations avec la direction nationale de L’Humanité, ajoutées aux difficultés financières, amenèrent les responsables de L’Humanité à arrêter la publication de L’Humanité du Midi en novembre 1925. Désormais, et pour une longue période - jusqu’à l’après-guerre -, la presse régionale communiste ne fut plus qu’hebdomadaire.
Die gebruik van ‘Skrifkritiek’: ’n Herbesinning
Authors: Van Deventer H.J.M.
Published: October 2016

The use of ‘Scriptural criticism’: a Reflection.  In the reformed theological world the term Scriptural criticism is a well-known concept. However, no clearly defined definition for this term exists in reformed circles. This contribution endeavours to fill this gap by focusing on the origin of the term specifically in the South African context. Also, it seeks to indicate how the term is used firstly, as having a specific meaning when reference is made to a method of biblical interpretation, as well as secondly, having a more general meaning related to a dogmatic point of view regarding the nature of the Bible and the role of a reader in understanding the Bible. It is suggested that reformed theology in the South African context should rethink the use of this term.
Numerical Analysis of Inverse Elasticity Problemwith Signorini's Condition
Authors: Zheng Cong , Cheng Xiaoliang , Liang Kewei
Published: October 2016

An optimal control problem is considered to find a stable surface traction, which minimizes the discrepancy between a given displacement field and its estimation. Firstly, the inverse elastic problem is constructed by variational inequalities, and a stable approximation of surface traction is obtained with Tikhonov regularization. Then a finite element discretization of the inverse elastic problem is analyzed. Moreover, the error estimation of the numerical solutions is deduced. Finally, a numerical algorithm is detailed and three examples in two-dimensional case illustrate the efficiency of the algorithm.
Toward Designing Information Display to Support Critical Care
Authors: Dunbar Sherry , Macpherson Brekk , Moretti Eugene , Del Fiol Guillherme , Bolte Jean , Taekman Jeffrey , Segall Noa , Wright Melanie
Published: October 2016

Objectives Electronic health information overload makes it difficult for providers to quickly find and interpret information to support care decisions. The purpose of this study was to better understand how clinicians use information in critical care to support the design of improved presentation of electronic health information.

Methods We conducted a contextual analysis and visioning project. We used an eye-tracker to record 20 clinicians’ information use activities in critical care settings. We played video recordings back to clinicians in retrospective cued interviews and queried: 1) context and goals of information use, 2) impacts of current display design on use, and 3) processes related to information use. We analyzed interview transcripts using grounded theory-based content analysis techniques and identified emerging themes. From these, we conducted a visioning activity with a team of subject matter experts and identified key areas for focus of design and research for future display designs.

Results Analyses revealed four unique critical care information use activities including new patient assessment, known patient status review, specific directed information seeking, and review and prioritization of multiple patients. Emerging themes were primarily related to a need for better representation of dynamic data such as vital signs and laboratory results, usability issues associated with reducing cognitive load and supporting efficient interaction, and processes for managing information. Visions for the future included designs that: 1) provide rapid access to new information, 2) organize by systems or problems as well as by current versus historical patient data, and 3) apply intelligence toward detecting and representing change and urgency.

Conclusions The results from this study can be used to guide the design of future acute care electronic health information display. Additional research and collaboration is needed to refine and implement intelligent graphical user interfaces to improve clinical information organization and prioritization to support care decisions.

Citation: Wright M, Dunbar S, Macpherson B, Moretti EW, Del Fiol G, Bolte J, Taekman JM, Segall, N. Toward designing information display to support critical care: A qualitative contextual evaluation and visioning effort.
The G4Foam Experiment: Global Climate Impacts of Regional Ocean Albedo Modification
Authors: Gabriel Corey J. , Robock Alan , Xia Lili , Zambri Brian
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Reducing insolation has been proposed as a geoengineering response to global warming. Here we present the results of climate model simulations of a unique Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project Testbed experiment to investigate the benefits and risks of a scheme that would brighten certain oceanic regions. The National Center for Atmospheric Research CESM-CAM4-CHEM global climate model was modified to simulate a scheme in which the albedo of the ocean surface is raised over the subtropical ocean gyres in the Southern Hemisphere. Like the commonly studied stratospheric geoengineering and marine cloud brightening proposals, this ocean albedo modification scheme is not currently possible. However, a stable, nondispersive foam, comprised of tiny, highly reflective microbubbles has been developed under idealized conditions, and, hence, a geoengineering scheme which simulates the effects of large-scale deployment of these microbubbles is appropriate to study at this time. One goal of this scheme is to cool Earth without reducing monsoon rainfall. We conducted three ensemble members of a simulation (G4Foam) from 2020 through 2069 in which the albedo of the ocean surface is raised to 0.15 over the three subtropical ocean gyres in the Southern Hemisphere, at the same time as increasing the radiative forcing with the RCP6.0 (representative concentration pathway resulting in +6 W m−2 radiative forcing by 2100) scenario, and then continuing the simulation for 20 more years with RCP6.0. Global mean surface temperature in G4Foam is 0.6 K lower than RCP6.0, with statistically significant cooling relative to RCP6.0 south of 30 °N and an increase in rainfall over land, most pronouncedly in the tropics during the June–July–August season, relative to both G4SSA (specified stratospheric aerosols) and RCP6.0. Heavily populated and highly cultivated regions throughout the tropics, including the Sahel, Southern Asia, the Maritime Continent, Central America and much of the Amazon experience a statistically significant increase in precipitation minus evaporation. The temperature response to the relatively modest global average forcing of −1.5 W m−2 is amplified through a series of positive cloud feedbacks, in which more shortwave radiation is reflected. The precipitation response is primarily the result of the intensification of the southern Hadley cell, as its mean position migrates northward and away from the Equator in response to the asymmetric cooling.
GEOREFERENCING UAS DERIVATIVES THROUGH POINT CLOUD
REGISTRATION WITH ARCHIVED LIDAR DATASETS
Authors: Magtalas M. S. L. Y. , Aves J. C. L. , Blanco A. C.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Georeferencing gathered images is a common step before performing spatial analysis and other processes on acquired datasets using unmanned aerial systems (UAS). Methods of applying spatial information to aerial images or their derivatives is through onboard GPS (Global Positioning Systems) geotagging, or through tying of models through GCPs (Ground Control Points) acquired in the field. Currently, UAS (Unmanned Aerial System) derivatives are limited to meter-levels of accuracy when their generation is unaided with points of known position on the ground. The use of ground control points established using survey-grade GPS or GNSS receivers can greatly reduce model errors to centimeter levels. However, this comes with additional costs not only with instrument acquisition and survey operations, but also in actual time spent in the field. This study uses a workflow for cloud-based post-processing of UAS data in combination with already existing LiDAR data. The georeferencing of the UAV point cloud is executed using the Iterative Closest Point algorithm (ICP). It is applied through the open-source CloudCompare software (Girardeau-Montaut, 2006) on a ‘skeleton point cloud’. This skeleton point cloud consists of manually extracted features consistent on both LiDAR and UAV data. For this cloud, roads and buildings with minimal deviations given their differing dates of acquisition are considered consistent. Transformation parameters are computed for the skeleton cloud which could then be applied to the whole UAS dataset. In addition, a separate cloud consisting of non-vegetation features automatically derived using CANUPO classification algorithm (Brodu and Lague, 2012) was used to generate a separate set of parameters. Ground survey is done to validate the transformed cloud. An RMSE value of around 16 centimeters was found when comparing validation data to the models georeferenced using the CANUPO cloud and the manual skeleton cloud. Cloud-to-cloud distance computations of CANUPO and manual skeleton clouds were obtained with values for both equal to around 0.67 meters at 1.73 standard deviation.
DOES COIMBRA NEED A 3D CADASTRE? PROTOTYPING A CROWDSOURCING APP
AS A FIRST STEP TO FINDING OUT
Authors: Ellul C. , de Almeida J. P. , Romano R.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The Municipality of Coimbra in Portugal, and indeed the country as a whole, is currently undergoing a long-term land registration (cadastre creation) exercise, with approximately 50 % of the country having been surveyed, amounting to 1/3 of the total properties, by the end of 2013. The survey process is currently generating two-dimensional (2D) maps. However, as with many other countries, these maps have limitations when representing the real three-dimensional (3D) complexities of land and property ownership. Capturing 2D cadastre is an expensive process, and does not provide the required insight into the number of properties where the ownership situation is inadequately represented, as the survey does not include the internal building structure. Having information about the extent of the 2D/3D issue is, however, fundamental to making a decision as to whether to invest resources in even more expensive 3D survey. Given that the 3D complexity inside buildings is only known to residents/occupants - thus making crowd sourcing perhaps the only economically feasible approach for its capture - this paper describes the development of a web-based App envisaged for use by the general public to flag different land and property ownership situations. The paper focuses on two aspects of the problem - firstly, identifying an appropriate, clear, set of diagrams depicting the various different ownership situations from which the user can then pick one, and secondly prototyping and user testing an App for multi-platform VGI data capture in absence of direct feedback from the final end users - i.e. the general public.
A ROADMAP FOR GENERATING SEMANTICALLY ENRICHED BUILDING MODELS ACCORDING TO CITYGML MODEL VIA TWO DIFFERENT METHODOLOGIES
Authors: Floros G. , Solou D. , Pispidikis I. , Dimopoulou E.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The methodologies of 3D modeling techniques have increasingly increased due to the rapid advances of new technologies. Nowadays, the focus of 3D modeling software is focused, not only to the finest visualization of the models, but also in their semantic features during the modeling procedure. As a result, the models thus generated are both realistic and semantically enriched. Additionally, various extensions of modeling software allow for the immediate conversion of the model’s format, via semi-automatic procedures with respect to the user’s scope. The aim of this paper is to investigate the generation of a semantically enriched Citygml building model via two different methodologies. The first methodology includes the modeling in Trimble SketchUp and the transformation in FME Desktop Manager, while the second methodology includes the model’s generation in CityEngine and its transformation in the CityGML format via the 3DCitiesProject extension for ArcGIS. Finally, the two aforesaid methodologies are being compared and specific characteristics are evaluated, in order to infer the methodology that is best applied depending on the different projects’ purposes.
Eficácia da educação no manejo do diabetes mellitus tipo 1 realizado por cuidadores de crianças
Authors: De Amorim Pedrosa Karilena Karlla , Menescal Pinto Juliana Teixeira Jales , Arrais Ricardo Fernando , Machado Regimar Carla , Mororó Deborah Dinorah de Sá
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: Analizar la eficacia de la educación para la salud en el tratamiento de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 proporcionado por los cuidadores de niños .

Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con corte transversal y un enfoque cuantitativo. Utilizamos los instrumentos: Examen de Conocimiento Diabetes Mellitus y escala de autoeficacia en Gestión de la Diabetes, adaptado y validado en Brasil.

Resultados: En relación con el conocimiento de los cuidadores, el 72% tenía una puntuación satisfactoria . La mayoría consigue realizar el tratamiento ( 80 % ) y el 24% no confía en su habilidad; 72% de los encuestados pueden reconocer la hiperglucemia y el 96% , la hipoglucemia; 80% aplica la técnica correcta de la administración de insulina; 80% logran mantener la dieta recomendada, sin embargo, el 16% dijo que no sabía reemplazarla correctamente.

Conclusión: La mayoría de los cuidadores de niños con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 tiene buen conocimiento sobre la enfermedad, y la gestión de la enfermedad realizada por estos cuidadores es satisfactoria en general, sin embargo, hay una necesidad de intervenir de alguna manera, cambiar actitudes para hacer frente de manera más adecuada a la enfermedad , así como también la mejora de la eficacia de la educación en diabetes .
The Versatile 2‐Substituted Imidazoline Nucleus as a Structural Motif of Ligands Directed to the Serotonin 5‐HT1A Receptor
Authors: Del Bello Fabio , Cilia Antonio , Carrieri Antonio , Fasano Domenico Claudio , Ghelardini Carla , Di Cesare Mannelli Lorenzo , Micheli Laura , Santini Carlo , Diamanti Eleonora , Giannella Mario , Giorgioni Gianfabio , Mammoli Valerio , Paoletti Corinne Dalila , Petrelli Riccardo , Piergentili Alessandro , Quaglia Wilma , Pigini Maria
Published: October 2016

The involvement of the serotonin 5‐HT1A receptor (5‐HT1A‐R) in the antidepressant effect of allyphenyline and its analogues indicates that ligands bearing the 2‐substituted imidazoline nucleus as a structural motif interact with 5‐HT1A‐R. Therefore, we examined the 5‐HT1A‐R profile of several imidazoline molecules endowed with a common scaffold consisting of an aromatic moiety linked to the 2‐position of an imidazoline nucleus by a biatomic bridge. Our aim was to discover other ligands targeting 5‐HT1A‐R and to identify the structural features favoring 5‐HT1A‐R interaction. Structure–activity relationships, supported by modeling studies, suggested that some structural cliché such as a polar function and a methyl group in the bridge, as well as proper steric hindrance in the aromatic area of the above scaffold, favored 5‐HT1A‐R recognition and activation. We also highlighted the potent antidepressant‐like effect (mouse forced swimming test) of (S)‐(+)‐19 [(S)‐(+)‐naphtyline] at very low dose (0.01 mg kg−1). This effect was clearly mediated by 5‐HT1A, as it was significantly reduced by pretreatment with the 5‐HT1A antagonist WAY100635.
MUTILATION OF THE DEAD AND THE HOMERIC GODS
Authors: Kucewicz Cezary
Published: October 2016

Mutilation, along with all forms of maltreatment of the dead, was widely condemned by Greek authors of the Classical period. In a culture where the obligation to bury and respect the dead was seen as one of the strongest moral compulsions universal to all men, mistreating the dead was considered to be the most outrageous and unholy of actions, more suitable, as Herodotus states, for barbarians than for Greeks, ‘and even in them we find it loathsome’. The importance of the theme of mutilating the dead in theIliad, where one can find numerous and surprisingly detailed descriptions of warriors maltreating the corpses of their enemies, is therefore puzzling, to say the least.
Paul, Samson Occom, and the Constraints of Boasting: A Comparative Rereading of 2 Corinthians 10–13
Authors: Schellenberg Ryan S.
Published: October 2016

Few texts in the Pauline corpus have been subjected to such extensive and varied comparative analysis as 2 Cor 10–13. Since Hans Windisch's influential designation of the passage as aNarrenrede(“fool's speech”), wherein Paul apes the boastful fool (ὁ ἀλαζών) of the Greek mime, exegetes have assembled a remarkable array of additional comparanda: theperistasisor hardship catalogues of Cynic and Stoic philosophers; Augustus'sRes gestae; apologies epistolary, forensic, and Socratic; conventions forperiautologia(self-praise) as attested by Quintilian and Plutarch and as demonstrated by Demosthenes; conventions forsynkrisis(comparison) as preserved in theProgymnasmata. Despite the diversity of the evidence adduced, methodologically these studies have much in common. In general, their explanatory mode is formal and genealogical—that is, they elucidate the characteristics of Paul's boasting by identifying and describing the literary or rhetorical forms to which he is indebted.
Parental supply of alcohol and alcohol consumption in adolescence: prospective cohort study
Authors: Mattick R. P. , Wadolowski M. , Aiken A. , Clare P. J. , Hutchinson D. , Najman J. , Slade T. , Bruno R. , McBride N. , Degenhardt L. , Kypri K.
Published: October 2016

Background

Parents are a major supplier of alcohol to adolescents, yet there is limited research examining the impact of this on adolescent alcohol use. This study investigates associations between parental supply of alcohol, supply from other sources, and adolescent drinking, adjusting for child, parent, family and peer variables.

Method

A cohort of 1927 adolescents was surveyed annually from 2010 to 2014. Measures include: consumption of whole drinks; binge drinking (>4 standard drinks on any occasion); parental supply of alcohol; supply from other sources; child, parent, family and peer covariates.

Results

After adjustment, adolescents supplied alcohol by parents had higher odds of drinking whole beverages [odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33–2.45] than those not supplied by parents. However, parental supply was not associated with bingeing, and those supplied alcohol by parents typically consumed fewer drinks per occasion (incidence rate ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.77–0.96) than adolescents supplied only from other sources. Adolescents obtaining alcohol from non-parental sources had increased odds of drinking whole beverages (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.86–3.45) and bingeing (OR 3.51, 95% CI 2.53–4.87).

Conclusions

Parental supply of alcohol to adolescents was associated with increased risk of drinking, but not bingeing. These parentally-supplied children also consumed fewer drinks on a typical drinking occasion. Adolescents supplied alcohol from non-parental sources had greater odds of drinking and bingeing. Further follow-up is necessary to determine whether these patterns continue, and to examine alcohol-related harm trajectories. Parents should be advised that supply of alcohol may increase children's drinking.
SOCE proteins, STIM1 and Orai1, are localized to the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis of the first and second cell division cycles in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Chan Ching Man , Aw Jacqueline T. M. , Webb Sarah E. , Miller Andrew L.
Published: October 2016

In zebrafish embryos, distinct Ca2+transients are localized to the early cleavage furrows during the first few cell division cycles. These transients are generated mainly by release via IP3Rs in the endoplasmic reticulum, and they are necessary for furrow positioning, propagation, deepening and apposition. We previously showed, via the use of inhibitors, that store-operated Ca2+entry (SOCE) also appears to be essential for maintaining the IP3R-mediated elevated levels of [Ca2+]ifor the extended periods required for the completion of successful furrow deepening and daughter cell apposition in these large embryonic cells. Here, newly fertilized, dechorionated embryos were fixed at various times during the first and second cell division cycles and immunolabelled with antibodies to STIM1 and/or Orai1 (key components of SOCE). We show that both of these proteins have a dynamic pattern of localization during cytokinesis of the first two cell division cycles. These new data help to support our previous inhibitor results, and provide additional evidence that SOCE contributes to the maintenance of the sustained elevated Ca2+that is required for the successful completion of cytokinesis in the large cells of embryonic zebrafish.
Duration of periconceptional folic acid supplementation in women booking for antenatal care
Authors: Cawley Shona , Mullaney Laura , Kennedy Rachel , Farren Maria , McCartney Daniel , Turner Michael J
Published: October 2016

Objective

To provide accurate estimates of the commencement time, duration and dosage of folic acid (FA) supplementation taken by Irish women in the periconceptional period. The study also aimed to establish the factors associated with optimal FA supplementation practices.

Design

Cross-sectional observational study. Women’s clinical and sociodemographic details were computerised. Maternal weight and height were measured before calculating BMI. Detailed FA supplementation questionnaires were completed under the supervision of a trained researcher.

Setting

A large university maternity hospital, Republic of Ireland, January 2014–April 2016.

Subjects

Women (n856) recruited at their convenience in the first trimester.

Results

While almost all of the women (97 %) were taking FA at enrolment, only one in four women took FA for at least 12 weeks preconceptionally (n208). Among the 44 % of women who were supplementing with FA preconceptionally, 44 % (162/370) reported taking FA for less than the 12 weeks required to achieve optimal red-blood-cell folate levels for prevention of neural tube defects. On multivariate analysis, only planned pregnancy and nulliparity were associated with taking FA for at least 12 weeks preconceptionally. Among women who only took FA postconceptionally, almost two-thirds commenced it after day 28 of their pregnancy when the neural tube had already closed.

Conclusions

As the timing of FA was suboptimal both before and after conception, we recommend that current national FA guidelines need to be reviewed.
Non-farmed fish contribute to greater micronutrient intakes than farmed fish: results from an intra-household survey in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Bogard Jessica R , Marks Geoffrey C , Mamun Abdullah , Thilsted Shakuntala H
Published: October 2016

Objective

Fish is the most important animal-source food (ASF) in Bangladesh, produced from capture fisheries (non-farmed) and aquaculture (farmed) sub-sectors. Large differences in micronutrient content of fish species from these sub-sectors exist. The importance of fish in diets of vulnerable groups compared with other ASF; contribution from non-farmed and farmed species to nutrient intakes; and differences in fish consumption among age, gender, wealth groups and geographic regions were analysed, using quantitative intra-household fish consumption data, focusing on the first 1000 d of life.

Design

Two-stage stratified sample.

Setting

Nationally representative of rural Bangladesh.

Subjects

Households (n 5503) and individuals (n 24 198).

Results

Fish consumption in poor households was almost half that in wealthiest households; and lower in females than males in all groups, except the wealthiest, and for those aged ≥15 years (P<0·01). In infants of complementary feeding age, 56 % did not consume ASF on the survey day, despite 78 % of mothers knowing this was recommended. Non-farmed fish made a larger contribution to Fe, Zn, Ca, vitamin A and vitamin B12 intakes than farmed fish (P<0·0001).

Conclusions

Policies and programmes aimed to increase fish consumption as a means to improve nutrition in rural Bangladesh should focus on women and young children, and on the poorest households. Aquaculture plays an important role in increasing availability and affordability of fish; however, non-farmed fish species are better placed to contribute to greater micronutrient intakes. This presents an opportunity for aquaculture to contribute to improved nutrition, utilising diverse production technologies and fish species, including small fish.
Where do food desert residents buy most of their junk food? Supermarkets
Authors: Vaughan Christine A , Cohen Deborah A , Ghosh-Dastidar Madhumita , Hunter Gerald P , Dubowitz Tamara
Published: October 2016

Objective

To examine where residents in an area with limited access to healthy foods (an urban food desert) purchased healthier and less healthy foods.

Design

Food shopping receipts were collected over a one-week period in 2013. These were analysed to describe where residents shopped for food and what types of food they bought.

Setting

Two low-income, predominantly African-American neighbourhoods with limited access to healthy foods in Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Subjects

Two hundred and ninety-three households in which the primary food shoppers were predominantly female (77·8 %) and non-Hispanic black (91·1 %) adults.

Results

Full-service supermarkets were by far the most common food retail outlet from which food receipts were returned and accounted for a much larger proportion (57·4 %) of food and beverage expenditures, both healthy and unhealthy, than other food retail outlets. Although patronized less frequently, convenience stores were notable purveyors of unhealthy foods.

Conclusions

Findings highlight the need to implement policies that can help to decrease unhealthy food purchases in full-service supermarkets and convenience stores and increase healthy food purchases in convenience stores.
Mesenteriales, zystisches Lymphangiom beim Erwachsenen – eine Rarität als Zufallsbefund
Authors: Nagy Andreas , Fretz Christian , Bergelt Steffen , Semadeni Gian-Marco , Meyenberger Christa
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung. Im Rahmen einer urologischen Abklärung wurde bei einem 69-jährigen Patienten als Zufallsbefund eine langstreckige Wandverdickung des Dünndarms mit zystischer Komponente diagnostiziert, die sich als mesenteriales Lymphangiom herausstellte. Mesenteriale, zystische Lymphangiome sind seltene, benigne Malformationen des lymphatischen Systems, die sich vor allem im Kindesalter manifestieren. Sie sollten jedoch auch bei Erwachsenen bei der Differenzialdiagnose von abdominalen zystischen Läsionen oder beim akuten Abdomen in Betracht gezogen werden. Die präoperative Diagnostik basiert auf bildgebenden Modalitäten (Sonografie, CT, MRI). Selbst wenn Lymphangiome asymptomatisch sind und Zufallsbefunde darstellen, sollten sie aufgrund potenzieller Komplikationen wie Blutungen, Ruptur, Volvulus oder Infektionen chirurgisch behandelt werden. Die optimale Therapie stellt die vollständige Exzision dar.
Thermopile detector of light ellipticity
Authors: Lu Feng , Lee Jongwon , Jiang Aiting , Jung Seungyong , Belkin Mikhail A.
Published: October 2016

Polarimetric imaging is widely used in applications from material analysis to biomedical diagnostics, vision and astronomy. The degree of circular polarization, or light ellipticity, is associated with the S3 Stokes parameter which is defined as the difference in the intensities of the left- and right-circularly polarized components of light. Traditional way of determining this parameter relies on using several external optical elements, such as polarizers and wave plates, along with conventional photodetectors, and performing at least two measurements to distinguish left- and right-circularly polarized light components. Here we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a thermopile photodetector element that provides bipolar voltage output directly proportional to the S3 Stokes parameter of the incident light.
Classical non-homologous end-joining pathway utilizes nascent RNA for error-free double-strand break repair of transcribed genes
Authors: Chakraborty Anirban , Tapryal Nisha , Venkova Tatiana , Horikoshi Nobuo , Pandita Raj K. , Sarker Altaf H. , Sarkar Partha S. , Pandita Tej K. , Hazra Tapas K.
Published: October 2016

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) leading to loss of nucleotides in the transcribed region can be lethal. Classical non-homologous end-joining (C-NHEJ) is the dominant pathway for DSB repair (DSBR) in adult mammalian cells. Here we report that during such DSBR, mammalian C-NHEJ proteins form a multiprotein complex with RNA polymerase II and preferentially associate with the transcribed genes after DSB induction. Depletion of C-NHEJ factors significantly abrogates DSBR in transcribed but not in non-transcribed genes. We hypothesized that nascent RNA can serve as a template for restoring the missing sequences, thus allowing error-free DSBR. We indeed found pre-mRNA in the C-NHEJ complex. Finally, when a DSB-containing plasmid with several nucleotides deleted within the E. coli lacZ gene was allowed time to repair in lacZ-expressing mammalian cells, a functional lacZ plasmid could be recovered from control but not C-NHEJ factor-depleted cells, providing important mechanistic insights into C-NHEJ-mediated error-free DSBR of the transcribed genome.