bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Essential techniques for laparoscopic surgery simulation
Authors: Qian Kun , Bai Junxuan , Yang Xiaosong , Pan Junjun , Zhang Jianjun
Published: June 2016

Laparoscopic surgery is a complex minimum invasive operation that requires long learning curve for the new trainees to have adequate experience to become a qualified surgeon. With the development of virtual reality technology, virtual reality‐based surgery simulation is playing an increasingly important role in the surgery training. The simulation of laparoscopic surgery is challenging because it involves large non‐linear soft tissue deformation, frequent surgical tool interaction and complex anatomical environment. Current researches mostly focus on very specific topics (such as deformation and collision detection) rather than a consistent and efficient framework. The direct use of the existing methods cannot achieve high visual/haptic quality and a satisfactory refreshing rate at the same time, especially for complex surgery simulation. In this paper, we proposed a set of tailored key technologies for laparoscopic surgery simulation, ranging from the simulation of soft tissues with different properties, to the interactions between surgical tools and soft tissues to the rendering of complex anatomical environment. Compared with the current methods, our tailored algorithms aimed at improving the performance from accuracy, stability and efficiency perspectives. We also abstract and design a set of intuitive parameters that can provide developers with high flexibility to develop their own simulators. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiosynthesis and in vivo Evaluation of Carbon‐11 (2S)‐3‐(1H‐Indol‐3‐yl)‐2‐{[(4‐methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]amino}‐N‐{[1‐(5‐methoxypyridin‐2‐yl)cyclohexyl]methyl}propanamide: An Attempt to Visualize Brain Formyl Peptide Receptors in Mouse Models of Neuroinflammation
Authors: Lacivita Enza , Stama Madia Letizia , Maeda Jun , Fujinaga Masayuki , Hatori Akiko , Zhang Ming‐Rong , Colabufo Nicola A. , Perrone Roberto , Higuchi Makoto , Suhara Tetsuya , Leopoldo Marcello
Published: June 2016

Here, we describe the very first attempt to visualize in vivo formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) in mouse brain by positron emission tomography (PET). FPRs are expressed in microglial cells where they mediate chemotactic activity of β‐amyloid peptide in Alzheimer disease and, thus, are involved in neuroinflammatory processes. To this purpose, we have selected (2S)‐3‐(1H‐Indol‐3‐yl)‐2‐{[(4‐methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]amino}‐N‐{[1‐(5‐methoxypyridin‐2‐yl)cyclohexyl]methyl}propanamide ((S)‐1), that we have previously identified as a potent non‐peptidic FPR agonist. (S)‐[11C]‐1 has been prepared in high radiochemical yield. (S)‐[11C]‐1 showed very low penetration of blood–brain barrier and, thus, was unable to accumulate into the brain. In addition, (S)‐[11C]‐1 was not able to label FPRs receptors in brain slices of PS19 and APP23 mice, two animal models of Alzheimer disease. Although (S)‐[11C]‐1 was not suitable to visualize FPRs in the brain, this study provides useful information for the design and characterization of future potential PET radioligands for visualization of brain FPRs by PET.
Tracing LGBTQ Community College Students’ Experiences
Authors: Zamani‐Gallaher Eboni M. , Choudhuri Devika Dibya
Published: June 2016

This chapter details the perspectives of LGBTQ collegians and faculty/staff allies at 2‐year institutions.
Relating Theories to Practice in an International Context
Authors: Carter Miriam J. , Marmolejo Francisco J. , Spaid Robin L.
Published: June 2016

Using India as an example, the authors of this chapter provide background for connecting theory and practice for international community colleges.
Student Affairs: Moving from Theories and Theorists to Practice and Practitioners
Authors: Gillett‐Karam Rosemary
Published: June 2016

Student affairs and student services practices are concepts that can replace traditional models of student development, now emphasizing student identity, student voice, and emancipatory advocacy. A new identity is suggested to replace the title for student affairs professionals and student affairs programs in community colleges: student success professionals and student success programs.
Prenatal diagnosis of the rare association of common arterial trunk and double aortic arch
Authors: Rock Andrea , Eltayeb Osama , Camarda Joseph , Gotteiner Nina
Published: June 2016

Key Clinical Message

Common arterial trunk with associated double aortic arch is a very rare constellation of congenital heart disease. Prenatal diagnosis allows for surgical repair prior to development of respiratory morbidity, which is otherwise described in all cases with this association.
Kussmaul's sign and rapid X‐Y descents in constrictive pericarditis
Authors: Pussadhamma Burabha , Wongvipaporn Chaiyasith
Published: June 2016

Key Clinical Message

Right‐sided heart failure is not uncommon. A careful jugular venous examination looking for the distinct Kussmaul's sign and rapid X‐Y descents, which are highly indicative of constrictive pericarditis, is markedly helpful in guiding the correct diagnosis and proper management.
Coupling of a Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier System with Industrial Heat
Authors: Krieger Christoph , Müller Karsten , Arlt Wolfgang
Published: June 2016

Energy storage is needed for adjusting fluctuating renewable energies to the actual energy demand. A liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) system is examined for its suitability as a storage system for industrial applications. Integration of the LOHC system, e.g., into a cement plant allows for optimized utilization of waste heat. The exhaust heat from the cement plant can increase the efficiency of the storage system. The effectiveness of the LOHC system can be elevated by twelve percentage points. The working electricity costs of the cement plant can be significantly reduced by adding a LOHC storage system.
Effect of the Synthesis Route and Fe Presence on the Redox Activity of Ni in Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Scavetta Erika , Vlamidis Ylea , Posati Tamara , Nocchetti Morena , Tonelli Domenica
Published: June 2016

Pt electrodes coated with a Ni/Al or Ni/Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH) were studied to investigate whether the presence of Fe and the extent of crystallinity affect the performance of the Ni centers as redox mediators for oxidizable compounds. The LDHs were synthesized by both a chemical and an electrochemical method, which allowed the obtainment of thin and well‐adherent LDH films having similar morphology but a different crystallinity degree. Fe centers were not electroactive but they influenced the electroactivity of Ni, shifting the redox potential to less anodic values and increasing the percentage of the electroactive Ni sites. The LDHs prepared by electrodeposition were more conductive than the chemically synthesized LDHs, and, when Fe was the trivalent metal, the electronic conductivity was further increased. The highest electrocatalytic efficiency, evaluated taking glucose as model compound, was obtained for the electrodes coated with the electrochemically synthesized LDHs.
1D Alignment of PEDOT in a Buckypaper for High‐Performance Solid Supercapacitors
Authors: Soni Roby , Anothumakkool Bihag , Kurungot Sreekumar
Published: June 2016

A flexible solid‐state supercapacitor is prepared from carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based buckypaper after forming a thin layer of polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) on the surface of the CNTs in the paper. A highly conducting PEDOT phase is obtained by interfacial polymerization, in which polymerization is confined at the interface of two immiscible liquids. The hydrophilic interaction between the functionalized CNTs and the oxidizing agent (iron perchlorate, Fe(ClO4)3), which is located in the aqueous phase, and the restricted interaction of the oxidizing agent with the EDOT monomer in the organic layer at the immiscible interface play a vital role in establishing a uniform and aggregate‐free growth pattern of PEDOT on CNT. By carefully optimizing the amount of polymer in the paper, an electrode with a sheet resistance of 3.4 Ω □−1 and equivalent series resistance of 0.95 Ω can be prepared. A thin and flexible solid‐state supercapacitor device with an overall thickness of 210 μm is made by using this paper as the electrodes and poly(vinyl alcohol)/lithium chloride as the gel electrolyte. The power density and energy density of the electrode are 9.94 W cm−3 and 8.85 mWh cm−3, respectively. The device also delivers a high volumetric capacitance of 18 F cm−3 and areal capacitance of 354 mF cm−2. The demonstrated strategy is scalable and hence the process can be conveniently applied to prepare large‐area PEDOT‐modified buckypapers in a short time.
ChemInform Abstract: Interplay of Orbital and Relativistic Effects in Bismuth Oxyhalides: BiOF, BiOCl, BiOBr, and BiOI.
Authors: Ganose Alex M. , Cuff Madeleine , Butler Keith T. , Walsh Aron , Scanlon David O.
Published: June 2016

Study by using hybrid DFT with explicit treatment of spin—orbit coupling effects and dispersion interactions.
ChemInform Abstract: New Insights into the Application of the Valence Rules in Zintl Phases — Crystal and Electronic Structures of Ba7Ga4P9, Ba7Ga4As9, Ba7Al4Sb9, Ba6CaAl4Sb9, and Ba6CaGa4Sb9.
Authors: He Hua , Stoyko Stanislav , Bobev Svilen
Published: June 2016

Crystals of Ba7Al4Sb9 (I), Ba7Ga4P9 (II), and Ba7Ga4As9 (III) are prepared by melting the respective elements in molten Al or Pb fluxes (evacuated silica tubes, 960 °C, 20 h (Al flux) or 40 h (Pb flux)).
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Properties and Phase Transition in the Fluoride, (NH4)3SnF7.
Authors: Kartashev A. V. , Gorev M. V. , Bogdanov E. V. , Flerov I. N. , Laptash N. M.
Published: June 2016

(NH4)3SnF7 is prepared by dissolution of Te in excess HF to which HNO3 is carefully given and followed by pH adjustment to 4—5 via NH3 addition.
ChemInform Abstract: Hf3Fe4Sn4 and Hf9Fe4‐xSn10+x: Two Stannide Intermetallics with Low‐Dimensional Iron Sublattices.
Authors: Calta Nicholas P. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: June 2016

Intermetallic Hf3Fe4Sn4 (I) is obtained from the elements using excess Sn as flux (Al2O3 crucible in evacuated silica tubes, 1100 °C, 30 min; ≈70% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Controlled Divergent C—H Functionalization of Aldehydes with Enynes by Cobalt Catalysts.
Authors: Santhoshkumar Rajagopal , Mannathan Subramaniyan , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: June 2016

The cobalt‐catalyzed reaction of 1,6‐enynes (I) with benzaldehyde leads either to aldehydes [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Iminophosphorane Catalyzed Enantioselective Sulfa‐Michael Addition to Unactivated α‐Substituted Acrylate Esters.
Authors: Farley Alistair J. M. , Sandford Christopher , Dixon Darren J.
Published: June 2016

A variety of chiral β‐mercaptoesters such as (III), (V), and (VII) is prepared by BIMP‐catalyzed enantioselective sulfa‐Michael addition of alkyl thiols (II) to acrylate esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Strain‐Release Amination.
Authors: Baran Phil S. , et al.
Published: June 2016

A general and operationally simple method for the propellization, azetidinylation, cyclobutylation, and cyclopentylation of a wide range of amines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Solution to Stereodefined Tetrasubstituted Olefins.
Authors: Dai Jianxin , Wang Minyan , Chai Guobi , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: June 2016

This method allows the construction of a wide range of tetrasubstituted olefins with defined stereochemistry, which all bear an extremely versatile aldehyde functionality, via the conjugate addition of organozinc reagents to readily available 2,3‐ allenals.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereo‐/Enantioselective Cu‐Catalyzed Propargylic Alkylations of Propargyl Acetates with Cyclic Enamines
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Hui Yun‐Ze , Zhang De‐Yang , Hu Xiang‐Ping
Published: June 2016

for the construction of vicinal tertiary stereocenters employing a less sterically hindered chiral tridentate P,N,N‐ligand
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Enabled, Copper‐Promoted Regio‐ and Chemoselective Hydroxylation of Arenes, Aryl Halides, and Aryl Methyl Ethers.
Authors: Singh Bijaya Kumar , Jana Ranjan
Published: June 2016

A practical method for the ortho C—H hydroxylation of benzamides with inexpensive copper(II) acetate monohydrate and a pyridine ligand is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed N‐Arylsulfonamide Formation from Arylsulfonyl Hydrazides and Nitroarenes.
Authors: Zhao Feng , Li Bin , Huang Huawen , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: June 2016

The nitroarenes are reduced by hydrogen in situ generated from the arylsulfonyl hydrazides and without external reducing agent.
ChemInform Abstract: KIO3‐Catalyzed Aerobic Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Enaminones and Thiophenols: Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Alkenes by Metal‐Free C—H Sulfenylation.
Authors: Wan Jie‐Ping , Zhong Shanshan , Xie Lili , Cao Xiaoji , Liu Yunyun , Wei Li
Published: June 2016

A new catalytic method for the α‐sulfenylation of enaminones and related enamines under environmentally benign conditions using ethyl lactate as bio‐based green solvent is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Method for the Preparation of Unsymmetrical Ureas Utilizing Zirconium(IV) Chloride.
Authors: Lee Anna , Kim Hee‐Kwon , Thompson David H.
Published: June 2016

Zr‐mediated reaction of carbamoyl imidazole derivatives with primary or secondary amines gives unsymmetrical urea derivatives in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic/Inorganic Salting‐In/Salting‐Out Agents as Promoters of Pd‐Catalyzed Ligand Free Synthesis of Biaryls in Water.
Authors: Boruah Preeti Rekha , Bora Sankar Jyoti , Saikia Prakash J. , Sarma Diganta
Published: June 2016

The influence of organic/inorganic additives on the Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling of aryl halides with arylboronic acids in water is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Atropisomerically Enriched Biaryls by the Coupling of Aryllithiums with Arynes under Control by Homochiral Oxazolines.
Authors: Yalcouye Boubacar , Berthelot‐Brehier Anais , Augros David , Panossian Armen , Choppin Sabine , Chesse Matthieu , Colobert Francoise , Leroux Frederic R.
Published: June 2016

Coupling of in situ generated aryllithiums with enantiopure aryloxazolines gives axially stereoenriched highly substituted biaryls.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel—Glycerol: An Efficient, Recyclable Catalysis System for Suzuki Cross Coupling Reactions Using Aryl Diazonium Salts.
Authors: Bhojane Jeevan Manohar , Sarode Sachin Ashok , Nagarkar Jayashree Milind
Published: June 2016

A wide range of diaryl compounds is efficiently synthesized through Suzuki reactions using NiCl2/DME as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of C(sp3)—H Bonds Using a Transient Directing Group.
Authors: Zhang Fang‐Lin , Hong Kai , Li Tuan‐Jie , Park Hojoon , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: June 2016

A wide range of aldehydes and ketones are arylated at the β‐ or γ‐position using a catalytic amount of amino acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I) Catalyzed Diastereoselective Multicomponent Synthesis of Spiroindolo‐pyrrolidines/‐imidazolidines/‐triazolidines from Diazoamides via Azomethine Ylides.
Authors: Muthusamy Sengodagounder , Kumar Singaravelan Ganesh
Published: June 2016

The novel method to synthesize highly substituted spiroindolo‐pyrrolidines/‐imidazolidines/‐triazolidines is efficiently catalyzed by Cu(I)TC.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Catalytic Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐3‐aryl‐2‐oxindoles: Rh Catalysis with Isatin‐Derived N‐Boc‐Protected Ketimines.
Authors: Marques Carolina S. , Burke Anthony J.
Published: June 2016

The Rh‐catalyzed arylation of isatin‐derived N‐Boc ketimines with arylboronic acid produces 3‐aryl‐3‐amino‐2‐oxindoles in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Highly Atom‐Economical Allylation of Oxindoles with Vinyl Cyclopropanes.
Authors: Cao Ruwei , Zhang Jinlong , Zhou Hui , Yang Huameng , Jiang Gaoxi
Published: June 2016

Vinyl cyclopropanes can be utilized as very effective reactants in the Pd(0)‐catalyzed allylic alkylation for quickly assembling an all‐carbon quaternary allylic center at the 3‐position of oxindole in good yields and with excellent regioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light Photoredox Intramolecular Difluoroacetamidation: Facile Synthesis of 3,3‐Difluoro‐2‐oxindoles from Bromodifluoroacetamides.
Authors: Wei Xiao‐Jing , Wang Lin , Du Shao‐Fu , Wu Li‐Zhu , Liu Qiang
Published: June 2016

Catalytic and efficient method for the construction of 3,3‐difluoro‐2‐oxindoles via visible light photocatalysis is reported for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: The Cooperative FeCl3/DDQ System for the Regioselective Synthesis of 3‐Arylindoles from β‐Monosubstituted 2‐Alkenylanilines.
Authors: Jang Su San , Youn So Won
Published: June 2016

Highly regioselective synthesis of 3‐arylindoles by using the cooperative FeCl3/DDQ system, involving 1,2‐aryl migration is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: An Old Dog with New Tricks: Schiff Bases for Liquid Crystals Materials Based on Isoxazolines and Isoxazoles.
Authors: Fritsch Luma , Merlo Aloir A.
Published: June 2016

A collection of Schiff bases derived from isoxazolines and isoxazoles is synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Conformation and Antiproliferative Activity of Isothiazoloisoxazole 1,1‐Dioxides.
Authors: Blackburn J. , Molyneux G. , Pitard A. , Rice C. R. , Page M. I. , Afshinjavid S. , Javid F. A. , Coles S. J. , Horton P. N. , Hemming K.
Published: June 2016

Title compounds (III) are prepared by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of nitriloxides, generated in situ, from hydroxymoyl chloride (II), to isoxazole 1,1‐dioxides (I).
ChemInform Abstract: An Environmentally Benign One Pot Synthesis of Pyrazole Substituted‐2‐hydrazolyl‐4‐thiazolidinones.
Authors: Bhosle Manisha R. , Khillare Lalit D. , Dhumal Sambhaji T. , Mane Ramrao A.
Published: June 2016

The environmentally friendly ultrasound promoted method offers several advantages such as operational simplicity, easy work‐up procedure, shorter reaction times, and high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Piperazinium Dihydrogen Sulfate: An Acidic Ionic Liquid for the [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Sodium Azide with Organic Nitriles.
Authors: Nowrouzi Najmeh , Farahi Soghra , Irajzadeh Maryam
Published: June 2016

Various 5‐substituted tetrazoles are obtained under solvent‐free reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative C—H Activation Approach to Pyridone and Isoquinolone Through an Iron‐Catalyzed Coupling of Amides with Alkynes.
Authors: Matsubara Tatsuaki , Ilies Laurean , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: June 2016

The title compounds are synthesized by annulation of alkene‐ or areneamides with internal alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Dual Role of p‐Tosylchloride: Copper‐Catalyzed Sulfenylation and Metal Free Methylthiolation of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Ravi Chitrakar , Chandra Mohan Darapaneni , Adimurthy Subbarayappa
Published: June 2016

A novel and efficient method for sulfenylation of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines using commercially available and environment‐friendly sources of sulfenylating agents, p‐tosylchloride and DMSO is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: γ‐Carboline AC190 Analogues via Palladium Catalyzed Allene Insertion Stereo and Regioselective 3‐ and 5‐Component Cascades.
Authors: Dondas H. Ali , Hempshall Aiden , Narramore Sarah , Kilner Colin , Fishwick Colin W. G. , Grigg Ronald
Published: June 2016

Pd‐Catalyzed three component reaction of pyrido[4,3‐b]‐5H‐indoles, allenes, and aryl iodides produces the title compounds regioselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Peculiarities of 2‐Amino‐3‐R‐4‐aryl‐4H‐pyranes Multicomponent Synthesis Derived from 1H‐2,1‐Benzothiazin‐4(3H)‐one 2,2‐Dioxide.
Authors: Lega Dmitry A. , Gorobets Nikolay Yu. , Chernykh Valentine P. , Shishkina Svetlana V. , Shemchuk Leonid A.
Published: June 2016

Three‐component reactions of benzothiazinone dioxide (I), benzaldehydes, and active methylene nitriles leading to the title pyrans are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Transition Metal‐Doped Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Tedstone Aleksander A. , Lewis David J. , O'Brien Paul
Published: June 2016

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Antimicrobial Treatment of Different Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A Critical Review
Authors: Parham Shokoh , Wicaksono Dedy H. B. , Bagherbaigi Saeedeh , Lee Siew Ling , Nur Hadi
Published: June 2016

Review: 136 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From Curiosity to Applications. A Personal Perspective on Inorganic Photochemistry
Authors: Ford Peter C.
Published: June 2016

Review: [157 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Chelation‐Assisted C—H Functionalization of Aromatic Substrates
Authors: Zhao Binlin , Shi Zhuangzhi , Yuan Yu
Published: June 2016

Review: [40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Organofluoro Compounds Using Methyl Perfluoroalk‐2‐ynoates as Building Blocks
Authors: Sun Xuechun , Han Jing , Chen Jie , Zhang Hui , Cao Weiguo
Published: June 2016

Review: [47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in Kdo‐Glycoside Chemistry
Authors: Kosma Paul
Published: June 2016

Review: [42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Routes to Selected Heterocycles Containing Antipyrine Moiety
Authors: El‐Taweel F. M. A. , Elmaaty T. M. Abou
Published: June 2016

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Some Biological Properties of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles
Authors: Monakhova Natalia , Ryabova Svetlana , Makarov Vadim
Published: June 2016

Review: 169 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiyl‐Radical Reactions in Carbohydrate Chemistry: From Thiosugars to Glycoconjugate Synthesis
Authors: McSweeney Lauren , Denes Fabrice , Scanlan Eoin M.
Published: June 2016

Review: [68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallocenium Chemistry and Its Emerging Impact on Synthetic Macromolecular Chemistry
Authors: Yan Yi , Pageni Parasmani , Kabir Mohammad Pabel , Tang Chuanbing
Published: June 2016

Review: [98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selectivity Effects in Bimetallic Catalysis
Authors: Mankad Neal P.
Published: June 2016

Review: bimetallic effects on the chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselectivity of catalytic transformations using selected case studies from the recent literature as illustrative examples; 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide‐Decorated Dendrimers and Their Bioapplications
Authors: Wan Jingjing , Alewood Paul F.
Published: June 2016

Review: [synthetic routes and selected applications in imaging, drug developement and bioapplications; 79 refs.
Childhood cancer survivorship research in minority populations: A position paper from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Bhatia Smita , Gibson Todd M. , Ness Kirsten K. , Liu Qi , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Krull Kevin R. , Nathan Paul C. , Neglia Joseph P. , Leisenring Wendy , Yasui Yutaka , Robison Leslie L. , Armstrong Gregory T.
Published: June 2016

By the middle of this century, racial/ethnic minority populations will collectively constitute 50% of the US population. This temporal shift in the racial/ethnic composition of the US population demands a close look at the race/ethnicity‐specific burden of morbidity and premature mortality among survivors of childhood cancer. To optimize targeted long‐term follow‐up care, it is essential to understand whether the burden of morbidity borne by survivors of childhood cancer differs by race/ethnicity. This is challenging because the number of minority participants is often limited in current childhood cancer survivorship research, resulting in a paucity of race/ethnicity‐specific recommendations and/or interventions. Although the overall childhood cancer incidence increased between 1973 and 2003, the mortality rate declined; however, these changes did not differ appreciably by race/ethnicity. The authors speculated that any racial/ethnic differences in outcome are likely to be multifactorial, and drew on data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study to illustrate the various contributors (socioeconomic characteristics, health behaviors, and comorbidities) that could explain any observed differences in key treatment‐related complications. Finally, the authors outlined challenges in conducting race/ethnicity‐specific childhood cancer survivorship research, demonstrating that there are limited absolute numbers of children who are diagnosed and survive cancer in any one racial/ethnic minority population, thereby precluding a rigorous evaluation of adverse events among specific primary cancer diagnoses and treatment exposure groups. Cancer 2016;122:2426–2439. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Optogenetic Control of Nuclear Protein Import in Living Cells Using Light‐Inducible Nuclear Localization Signals (LINuS)
Authors: Wehler Pierre , Niopek Dominik , Eils Roland , Di Ventura Barbara
Published: June 2016

Many biological processes are regulated by the timely import of specific proteins into the nucleus. The ability to spatiotemporally control the nuclear import of proteins of interest therefore allows study of their role in a given biological process as well as controlling this process in space and time. The light‐inducible nuclear localization signal (LINuS) was developed based on a natural plant photoreceptor that reversibly triggers the import of proteins of interest into the nucleus with blue light. Each LINuS is a small, genetically encoded domain that is fused to the protein of interest at the N or C terminus. These protocols describe how to carry out initial microscopy‐based screening to assess which LINuS variant works best with a protein of interest. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Confined Water in Amyloid‐Competent Oligomers of the Prion Protein
Authors: Dalal Vijit , Arya Shruti , Mukhopadhyay Samrat
Published: June 2016

Conformational switching of the prion protein into the abnormal form involves the formation of (obligatory) molten‐oligomers that mature into ordered amyloid fibrils. The role of water in directing the course of amyloid formation remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the mobility of the water molecules within the on‐pathway oligomers is highly retarded. The water relaxation time within the oligomers was estimated to be ≈1 ns which is about three orders of magnitude slower than the bulk water and resembles the characteristics of (trapped) nano‐confined water. We propose that the coalescence of these obligatory oligomers containing trapped water is entropically favored because of the release of ordered water molecules in the bulk milieu and results in the sequestration of favorable inter‐chain amyloid contacts via nucleated conformational conversion. The dynamic role of water in protein aggregation will have much broader implications in a variety of protein misfolding diseases.
Direct Evidence of CO2 Capture under Low Partial Pressure on a Pillared Metal–Organic Framework with Improved Stabilization through Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Yao Zizhu , Chen Yuan , Liu Lizhen , Wu Xiaonan , Xiong Shunshun , Zhang Zhangjing , Xiang Shengchang
Published: June 2016

Direct structural observation of CO2‐loaded MOFs is helpful for revealing the specific binding interactions to allow the design of better CO2 sorbents, but such direct structural evidence is almost always observed for pure‐component CO2 under a pressure of 1 atm or more, which does not really represent practical CO2 capture and separation under low partial pressure (≤1 atm) in the presence of other gases. Herein, a series of isoreticular MOFs [Zn(Trz)(R‐BDC)1/2] (FJU‐40‐R, R=H, NH2, Br, or OH) are synthesized. Among them, FJU‐40‐NH2 exhibits the highest robustness, and good heat and water resistance, attributed to its intramolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions. A CO2/N2 (15:85, v/v) mixture can be separated efficiently through a column packed bed of FJU‐40‐NH2 solid. The structures of CO2‐loaded FJU‐40‐NH2 at 1 atm under various atmosphere conditions, including pure CO2, CO2/N2 (15:85, v/v), and air, are observed, and it is found that: 1) the mechanism for CO2 loading into the cages depends on the CO2 partial pressure; 2) FJU‐40‐NH2 can capture CO2 directly from air, and CO2 will have priority to occupy hydrophobic cage‐I, whereas hydrophilic cage‐II containing the amino group is occupied by H2O molecules; 3) the triazolate C−H groups, rather than the amino groups in past observations in dry ice, act as predominant functional sites here under low CO2 partial pressure.
Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Pancreatic Cancer: The KPC Model (LSL‐KrasG12D/+;LSL‐Trp53R172H/+;Pdx‐1‐Cre), Its Variants, and Their Application in Immuno‐oncology Drug Discovery
Authors: Lee Jae W. , Komar Chad A. , Bengsch Fee , Graham Kathleen , Beatty Gregory L.
Published: June 2016

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) ranks fourth among cancer‐related deaths in the United States. For patients with unresectable disease, treatment options are limited and lack curative potential. Preclinical mouse models of PDAC that recapitulate the biology of human pancreatic cancer offer an opportunity for the rational development of novel treatment approaches that may improve patient outcomes. With the recent success of immunotherapy for subsets of patients with solid malignancies, interest is mounting in the possible use of immunotherapy for the treatment of PDAC. Considered in this unit is the value of genetic mouse models for characterizing the immunobiology of PDAC and for investigating novel immunotherapeutics. Several variants of these models are described, all of which may be used in drug development and for providing information on unique aspects of disease biology and therapeutic responsiveness. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Commentary: Mitochondrial DNA damage and loss in diabetes
Authors: Gilkerson Robert
Published: June 2016

This commentary discusses damage and loss of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in type 2 diabetes mellitus from both the clinical and experimental perspectives. Increasingly, an array of studies in experimental models and patients suggests that the cellular stresses of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes damage mtDNA, leading to loss of mitochondrial genetic content. As such, mtDNA is emerging as both a valuable monitoring tool and translational preventive target for metabolic disease. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon and water relations of contrasting Arctic plants: implications for shrub expansion in West Greenland
Authors: Cahoon Sean M. P. , Sullivan Patrick F. , Post Eric
Published: June 2016

The recent expansion of deciduous shrubs is a common observation throughout the Arctic. However, we lack a complete understanding of how physiological differences between deciduous shrubs and coexisting species may confer competitive advantages to shrubs. We combined leaf gas exchange and stable isotope analyses of two important species, Betula nana and Poa pratensis, to elucidate the processes governing seasonal carbon (C) gain in West Greenland. We tested two competing hypotheses. On one hand, we anticipated the cooler, drier soils beneath the Betula canopy could result in greater drought sensitivity in this species. Alternatively, because Poa tends to occupy sites with wetter soils, we hypothesized that it may be more sensitive to drought. Our results revealed greater drought sensitivity in Poa, which displayed reductions in Amax and gs during periods of high atmospheric demand and dry soils. Additionally, leaf Δ13C and Δ18O were negatively correlated in Poa, suggesting strong stomatal influence on Δ13C. Conversely, there was no relationship between gs and canopy or soil microclimates and no correlation between leaf Δ13C and Δ18O in Betula, indicating that variation in Δ13C may have been driven by variation in photosynthesis. Our results suggest that Poa is more susceptible to drought than Betula, whereas Betula was able to maintain steady, yet conservative, C gain. These differences in C‐H2O relations may confer a competitive advantage to Betula in a warmer, drier climate.
Toward a more ecologically informed view of severe forest fires
Authors: Hutto Richard L. , Keane Robert E. , Sherriff Rosemary L. , Rota Christopher T. , Eby Lisa A. , Saab Victoria A.
Published: June 2016

We use the historical presence of high‐severity fire patches in mixed‐conifer forests of the western United States to make several points that we hope will encourage development of a more ecologically informed view of severe wildland fire effects. First, many plant and animal species use, and have sometimes evolved to depend on, severely burned forest conditions for their persistence. Second, evidence from fire history studies also suggests that a complex mosaic of severely burned conifer patches was common historically in the West. Third, to maintain ecological integrity in forests born of mixed‐severity fire, land managers will have to accept some severe fire and maintain the integrity of its aftermath. Lastly, public education messages surrounding fire could be modified so that people better understand and support management designed to maintain ecologically appropriate sizes and distributions of severe fire and the complex early‐seral forest conditions it creates.
Teaching for higher levels of thinking: developing quantitative and analytical skills in environmental science courses
Authors: Bravo Adriana , Porzecanski Ana , Sterling Eleanor , Bynum Nora , Cawthorn Michelle , Fernandez Denny S. , Freeman Laurie , Ketcham Stuart , Leslie Timothy , Mull John , Vogler Donna
Published: June 2016

Professionals with strong quantitative and analytical skills are essential to understanding and responding to current environmental challenges. The goal of this study was to promote and evaluate the development of data analysis (DA) skills in undergraduate students through targeted interventions in environmental science courses. We developed materials to promote practice, instruction, and assessment of four core DA dimensions: the ability to make appropriate calculations, convert data to graphical representations, interpret graphical or mathematical information, and draw conclusions based on the analysis of data. We integrated two conservation exercises as pre/post assessment tools, flanking differentiated teaching interventions, into selected science courses and used a standardized rubric to measure students' performance level. We found that students improved their DA skills in a single semester, but the level of improvement varied across skill dimensions. Students struggled with dimensions that require higher levels of thinking such as data interpretation and drawing conclusions. The use of additional exercises targeting these dimensions and alternative practices might enhance gains. Importantly, students also gained content knowledge in ecological principles while developing skills, and demonstrated an increase in self‐confidence with their DA skills. Our approach and open‐access materials can be integrated into existing courses to develop and assess data skills in undergraduate learners.
Allocating responsibility for environmental risks: A comparative analysis of examples from water governance
Authors: Doorn Neelke
Published: June 2016

The focus of the present study is on the allocation of responsibilities for addressing environmental risks in transboundary water governance. Effective environmental management in transboundary situations requires coordinated and cooperative action among diverse individuals and organizations. Currently, little insight exists on how to foster collective action such that individuals and organizations take the responsibility to address transboundary environmental risks. On the basis of 4 cases of transboundary water governance, it will be shown how certain allocation principles are more likely to encourage cooperative action. The main lesson from these case studies is that the allocation of responsibilities should be seen as a risk distribution problem, including considerations of effectiveness, efficiency, and fairness. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:371–375. © 2016 SETAC

Key Points

Effective environmental management in transboundary situations requires coordinated and cooperative action between diverse individuals and organizations. Allocation of responsibilities is crucial for effectively addressing environmental risks. Allocation principles for responsibilities that take into account considerations of efficiency, effectiveness and fairness are more likely to encourage cooperative action.
Chimeric antigen receptor‐engineered cytokine‐induced killer cells overcome treatment resistance of pre‐B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and enhance survival
Authors: Oelsner Sarah , Wagner Juliane , Friede Miriam E. , Pfirrmann Verena , Genßler Sabrina , Rettinger Eva , Buchholz Christian J. , Pfeifer Heike , Schubert Ralf , Ottmann Oliver G. , Ullrich Evelyn , Bader Peter , Wels Winfried S.
Published: June 2016

Pre‐emptive cancer immunotherapy by donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) using cytokine‐induced killer (CIK) cells may be beneficial to prevent relapse with a reduced risk of causing graft‐versus‐host‐disease. CIK cells are a heterogeneous effector cell population including T cells (CD3+ CD56−), natural killer (NK) cells (CD3−CD56+) and natural killer T (T‐NK) cells (CD3+ CD56+) that exhibit non‐major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐restricted cytotoxicity and are generated by ex vivo expansion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of interferon (IFN)‐γ, anti‐CD3 antibody, interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and interleukin‐15 (IL‐15). To facilitate selective target‐cell recognition and enhance specific cytotoxicity against B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL), we transduced CIK cells with a lentiviral vector encoding a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that carries a composite CD28‐CD3ζ domain for signaling and a CD19‐specific scFv antibody fragment for cell binding (CAR 63.28.z). In vitro analysis revealed high and specific cell killing activity of CD19‐targeted CIK/63.28.z cells against otherwise CIK‐resistant cancer cell lines and primary B‐ALL blasts, which was dependent on CD19 expression and CAR signaling. In a xenograft model in immunodeficient mice, treatment with CIK/63.28.z cells in contrast to therapy with unmodified CIK cells resulted in complete and durable molecular remissions of established primary pre‐B‐ALL. Our results demonstrate potent antileukemic activity of CAR‐engineered CIK cells in vitro and in vivo, and suggest this strategy as a promising approach for adoptive immunotherapy of refractory pre‐B‐ALL.
Chemical Clogging of Emitters and Evaluation of Their Suitability for Saline Water Drip Irrigation
Authors: Lili Zhangzhong , Yang Peiling , Ren Shumei , Li Yunkai , Liu Yu , Xia Yuhong
Published: June 2016

Drip irrigation with saline water is one of the most effective methods to ease the current worldwide water shortage. However, there are more ionic compositions in saline water, resulting in easy clogging of drip irrigation emitters. In this study, we selected five common emitters as study subjects and conducted a saline water drip irrigation experiment in the Hetao Irrigation District (Inner Mongolia, China). The results showed that, as the running time increased, the discharge ratio variation (Dra) and coefficient of uniformity (CU) both declined. The Dra and CU of cylindrical emitters decreased gently, while those of flat emitters showed a 'slow–fast' downward trend. The Dra of the five different emitters decreased to 46.3–78.6% and the CU dropped to 23.5–85.0% over the course of the experiment. Cylindrical emitters with higher flow showed better anti‐clogging capacity. The temporal and spatial distribution of clogging materials within emitters differed. Specifically, the dry weights (DW) of clogging materials in different positions occurred in the order of DWhead < DWmiddle < DWend laterally, and clogging materials accumulated gradually with time. The average clogging materials distribution density showed a significant negative linear relationship with Dra and CU (R2 = 0.81 and 0.88). It indicated that as the clogging materials accumulated, the anti‐clogging capacity of emitters degraded. The chemical constituents of the clogging materials in the different emitters were the same (Ca + Mg carbonate, quartz, silicate and litter sodium chloride). The amounts of Ca + Mg carbonate showed a strong positive correlation with Dra and CU (R2 = 0.93 and 0.92), while the amounts of quartz showed a remarkable negative linear relationship with Dra and CU (R2 = 0.85 and 0.87). The main material responsible for emitter clogging was calcium carbonate deposits, which accounted for >88.1% of the total. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorption and conformational modification of fibronectin and fibrinogen adsorbed on hydroxyapatite. A QCM‐D study
Authors: Fernández‐Montes Moraleda Belén , San Román Julio , Rodríguez‐Lorenzo Luís M.
Published: June 2016

Hydroxyapatite is a bioactive ceramic frequently used for bone engineering/replacement. One of the parameters that influence the biological response to implanted materials is the conformation of the first adsorbed protein layer. In this work, the adsorption and conformational changes of two fibroid serum proteins; fibronectin and fibrinogen adsorbed onto four different hydroxyapatite powders are studied with a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM‐D). Each of the calcined apatites adsorbs less protein than their corresponding synthesized samples. Adsorption on synthesized samples yields always an extended conformation whereas a reorganization of the layer is observed for the calcined samples. Fg acquires a “Side on” conformation in all the samples at the beginning of the experiment except for one of the synthesized samples where an “End‐on” conformation is obtained during the whole experiment. The Extended conformation is the active conformation for Fn. This conformation is favored by apatites with large specific surface area (SSA) and on highly concentrated media. Apatite surface features should be considered in the selection or design of materials for bone regeneration, since it is possible to control the conformation mode of attachment of Fn and Fg by an appropriate selection of them. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2585–2594, 2016.
Ameliorative Effect of Quercetin on Neurochemical and Behavioral Deficits in Rotenone Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease: Modulating Autophagy (Quercetin on Experimental Parkinson's Disease)
Authors: El‐Horany Hemat E. , El‐latif Rania N. Abd , ElBatsh Maha M. , Emam Marwa N.
Published: June 2016

Autophagy is necessary for neuronal homeostasis and its dysfunction has been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) as it can exacerbate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ER stress‐induced apoptosis. Quercetin is a flavonoid known for its neuroprotective and antioxidant effects. The present study investigated the protective, autophagy‐modulating effects of quercetin in the rotenone rat model of PD. Rotenone was intraperitoneally injected at dose of 2 ml/kg/day for 4 weeks. Simultaneous intraperitoneal injection of quercetin was given at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day also for 4 weeks. Neurobehavioral changes were studied. Oxidative/antioxidant status, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Beclin‐1, and dopamine levels were assessed. DNA fragmentation and histopathological changes were evaluated. This research work revealed that quercetin significantly attenuated rotenone‐induced behavioral impairment, augmented autophagy, ameliorated ER stress‐ induced apoptosis with attenuated oxidative stress. From the current study, quercetin can act as an autophagy enhancer in PD rat model and modulates the microenvironment that leads to neuronal death.
Unique Colorability and Clique Minors
Authors: Kriesell Matthias
Published: June 2016

For a graph G, let denote the largest k such that G has k pairwise disjoint pairwise adjacent connected nonempty subgraphs, and let denote the largest k such that G has k pairwise disjoint pairwise adjacent connected subgraphs of size 1 or 2. Hadwiger's conjecture states that , where is the chromatic number of G. Seymour conjectured for all graphs without antitriangles, that is,  three pairwise nonadjacent vertices. Here we concentrate on graphs G with exactly one ‐coloring. We prove generalizations of the following statements: (i) if and G has exactly one ‐coloring then , where the proof does not use the four‐color‐theorem, and (ii) if G has no antitriangles and G has exactly one ‐coloring then .
On the existence of polyanalytic functions
Authors: Pessoa Luís V.
Published: June 2016

We give a sharp estimate for the codimension of the poly‐Bergman space in the poly‐Bergman space over the punctured domain. It is established the behaviour at the infinity point of polyanalytic Bergman functions on the complement of closed disks. In the main result of the paper, we prove that for and the j‐polyanalytic Bergman space over the domain U is trivial precisely when the complement of U has at most one point and at most two points or three points lying in a circle, respectively. We point out the differences between the domains over which the Bergman space and the non‐analytic poly‐Bergman space are trivial.
Fisetin inhibits cellular proliferation and induces mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells
Authors: Sabarwal Akash , Agarwal Rajesh , Singh Rana P.
Published: June 2016

The anticancer effects of fisetin, a dietary agent, are largely unknown against human gastric cancer. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms of fisetin‐induced inhibition of growth and survival of human gastric carcinoma AGS and SNU‐1 cells. Fisetin (25–100 μM) caused significant decrease in the levels of G1 phase cyclins and CDKs, and increased the levels of p53 and its S15 phosphorylation in gastric cancer cells. We also observed that growth suppression and death of non‐neoplastic human intestinal FHs74int cells were minimally affected by fisetin. Fisetin strongly increased apoptotic cells and showed mitochondrial membrane depolarization in gastric cancer cells. DNA damage was observed as early as 3 h after fisetin treatment which was accompanied with gamma‐H2A.X(S139) phosphorylation and cleavage of PARP. Fisetin‐induced apoptosis was observed to be independent of p53. DCFDA and MitoSOX analyses showed an increase in mitochondrial ROS generation in time‐ and dose‐dependent fashion. It also increased cellular nitrite and superoxide generation. Pre‐treatment with N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) inhibited ROS generation and also caused protection from fisetin‐induced DNA damage. The formation of comets were observed in only fisetin treated cells which was blocked by NAC pre‐treatment. Further investigation of the source of ROS, using mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complex inhibitors, suggested that fisetin caused ROS generation specifically through complex I. Collectively, these results for the first time demonstrated that fisetin possesses anticancer potential through ROS production most likely via MRC complex I leading to apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of 3,4‐diaminopyridine at the murine neuromuscular junction
Authors: Ng Fiona , Lee Diana C. , Schrumpf Leah A. , Mazurek Mary E. , Lee Lo Victoria , Gill Sharleen K. , Maselli Ricardo A.
Published: June 2016

Introduction: We investigated the effects of 3,4‐diaminopyridine (3,4‐DAP) and its acetylated metabolite, N‐(4‐amino‐pyridin‐3‐yl) acetamide (3‐Ac), at the mammalian neuromuscular junction. Methods: Quantal release of acetylcholine was studied in diaphragm muscles of mice, using in vitro intracellular microelectrode recordings. Results: Under conditions of low probability of release, 3,4‐DAP produced a 1,000% increase in quantal release, but 3‐Ac had no effect. Under conditions of normal probability of release, the effect of 3,4‐DAP was modest and limited by concurrent depletion of synaptic vesicles, especially with high concentrations of 3,4‐DAP and high frequencies of nerve stimulation. Conclusions: These findings predict 3,4‐DAP is most effective in conditions with low probability of quantal release, such as Lambert‐Eaton myasthenic syndrome. A beneficial effect is also expected in disorders of neuromuscular transmission in which the effect of 3,4‐DAP on quantal release is not limited by depletion of synaptic vesicles, such as postsynaptic congenital myasthenic syndromes. Muscle Nerve, 2016 Muscle Nerve 55: 223–231, 2017