bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jamak dan Qasar Salat dalam Islam: Telaah terhadap Pemikiran M. Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad
Published: June 2022

Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy is a scholar who asserts that a Muslim can perform multiple prayers without excuse. This thought is different from the majority of other scholars who stipulate certain conditions for the permissibility of performing plural prayers. From the problems above, it is necessary to study the main ideas that underlie Hasbi's understanding of the issue. This study is bibliographic in nature by using Hasbi's books as basic reference materials. The results of the study showed that Hasbi allowed plural prayers to be performed even without the age of consent. The permissibility of having multiple prayers in a state of residence and rain is used as an excuse for the ability to perform multiple prayers without excuse. This is based on a hadith which explains that the Prophet had performed plural and qasar prayers only to make it easier for his people. Hasbi's thinking only prioritizes understanding textually without looking at the asbab al-wurud hadith. Meanwhile, al-Nawawi and Yusuf al-Qaradawi did not allow plural without any excuse on the grounds that plural and qasar prayers are rukhsah from Allah. Meanwhile, according to Hasbi, the permissibility of plural and qasar without aging is based on the that Allah does not want trouble for His servants. According to him, everything that can be simplified must be made easier, including in matters of worship. Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy seorang ulama yang menegaskan bahwa seorang muslim dapat menjamak salat tanpa uzur. Pemikiran ini berbeda dengan mayoritas ulama lainnya yang menetapkan syarat-syarat tertentu terhadap kebolehan melakukan salat jamak. Dari persoalan di atas maka perlu kajian mengenai pokok-pokok pikiran yang mendasari pemahaman Hasbi dalam persoalan tersebut. Kajian ini bersifat kepustakaan dengan menjadikan buku-buku Hasbi sebagai bahan rujukan dasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Hasbi membolehkan salat jamak dilakukan meskipun tanpa uzur. Kebolehan jamak salat dalam keadaaan bermukim dan hujan dijadikannya  sebagai alasan untuk kebolehan menjamak salat tanpa uzur. Hal ini berlandaskan pada hadis yang menerangkan bahwa Nabi pernah melakukan jamak dan qasar salat hanya semata-mata untuk memudahkan umatnya. Pemikiran Hasbi hanya mengedepankan pemahaman secara tekstual tanpa melihat asbab al-wurud hadis. Sementara al-Nawawi dan Yusuf al-Qaradhawi tidak membolehkan jamak tanpa ada uzur dengan alasan bahwa jamak dan qasar salat merupakan rukhsah dari Allah. Sedangkan menurut Hasbi, kebolehan jamak dan qasar tanpa uzur didasarkan bahwa Allah tidak menginginkan kesusahan bagi hamba-Nya. Menurutnya segala sesuatu yang bisa dipermudah harus dipermudah termasuk dalam persoalan ibadah.
Penerapan Metode Jarimatika Quran pada TK Bait Qurany Saleh Rahmany Banda Aceh
Authors: Fajri Cut Nurul , Abu Bakar Syukran
Published: June 2022

Memorizing the Koran is something that is difficult for early childhood to do, but in fact, by using the Jarimatika Quran method, many early childhood children in the Bait Qurany Saleh Rahmany Kindergarten in Banda Aceh have succeeded in memorizing the Koran. . Therefore, the researcher aims to examine all matters relating to the Jarimatika Quran method and its application to the Bait Qurany Saleh Rahmany Playground (TK) Banda Aceh. In this study, the researchers used a qualitative approach with the type of field research or field research. Data were collected through observation and interviews. Techniques in analyzing data using qualitative analysis paths, namely the first path of data reduction, the second is data presentation, and the third is drawing conclusions. Based on data from observations and from informants, information was obtained that the Jarimatika Quran method is a method of memorizing the Koran using the fingers and knuckles of the right hand by placing the Koran on the left hand. With the count of the bottom little finger, the knuckle is the first verse, the middle little finger knuckle is the second verse, and so on. In using this method, Bait Qurany Saleh Rahmany Kindergarten Banda Aceh has special hours and usually, this method of learning takes ±20-25 minutes every day, starting from Monday to Saturday in the classroom, led by two to three teachers. standing in front of the class. Menghafal al-Quran adalah suatu hal yang sulit dilakukan oleh anak usia dini, namun faktanya dengan menggunakan metode Jarimatika Quran, banyak anak-anak usia dini di Taman Kanak-kanak (TK) Bait Qurany Saleh Rahmany Banda Aceh yang berhasil untuk menghafalkan al-Quran. Oleh karena itu peneliti bertujuan untuk meneliti segala hal yang berkaitan dengan metode Jarimatika Quran serta penerapannya pada Taman Bermain (TK) Bait Qurany Saleh Rahmany Banda Aceh. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis field research atau penelitian lapangan. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara. Teknik dalam menganalisis data dengan menggunakan jalur analisis kualitatif, yaitu jalur pertama reduksi data, yang kedua penyajian data, dan yang ketiga penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan data dari hasil observasi dan dari informan didapatkan informasi bahwa metode Jarimatika Quran adalah sebuah metode menghafal al-Quran dengan menggunakan jari dan ruas-ruas jari tangan kanan dengan menempatkan al-Quran pada tangan sebelah kiri. Dengan hitungan ruas jari kelingking paling bawah adalah ayat pertama, ruas jari kelingking bagian tengah adalah ayat kedua, dan seterusnya. Dalam penggunaan metode ini, TK Bait Qurany Saleh Rahmany Banda Aceh memiliki jam khusus dan biasanya pembelajaran metode ini berlangsung selama ±20-25 menit setiap hari, dimulai dari hari Senin hingga hari Sabtu di dalam ruang kelas, dengan dipimpin oleh dua hingga tiga orang guru yang berdiri di depan kelas.
Konsep Ikhlas dalam Al-Qur‘An
Authors: Daud Miss Rosidah Haji , Muthalib Salman Abdul , Djuned Muslim
Published: June 2022

The Qur'an is the holy book of Muslims which is the guide and guidance of human life both as individuals and in groups. One of the solutions offered by the Qur'an in living life is with a sincere attitude, sincerity is the basis for accepting human deeds. While a phenomenon in this modern era, many people are found who tend to view that life is not free, there is always a fee to be paid, this makes them always take into account profit and loss in all aspects of their work, and this situation leads to the difficulty of an action. that humans do sincerely. Therefore, the study of sincerity has its own urgency, so humans do not always measure success with the material they receive. This research is a literature study that wants to explain the meaning of sincerity contained in the Qur'an and the Prophet's hadith. Data was collected through thematic methods and analyzed descriptively. The results of the study indicate that sincerity is an act based on motivation to gain the pleasure of Allah swt. Sincerity is the main condition for the acceptance of an act of worship. Without sincerity, any amount of worship will not reach Allah and even be classified as a useless charity. Al-Qur‘an adalah kitab suci umat Islam yang menjadi pedoman dan tutunan hidup manusia baik sebagai individu maupun berkelompok. Salah satu solusi yang ditawarkan al-Qur‘an dalam menjalani hidup adalah dengan sikap ikhlas, ikhlas merupakan dasar diterimanya amal perbuatan manusia. Sementara fenomena di era modern ini, banyak ditemukan manusia yang cenderung memandang bahwa hidup ini tidak ada yang gratis, selalu ada biaya yang harus dibayar, hal ini yang menjadikan mereka selalu memperhitungkan untung rugi dalam segala aspek pekerjaannya, dan keadaan ini mengarah kepada sulitnya suatu perbuatan yang dilakukan manusia secara ikhlas. Oleh karena itu, kajian tentang ikhlas memiliki urgensi tersendiri, sehingga memuat manusia tidak selalu mengukur keberhasilan dengan materi yang dia terima. Penelitian ini bersifat kepustakaan yang ingin menjelaskan makna ikhlas yang terkandung dalam al-Qur’an dan hadis Nabi. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui metode tematik dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikhlas merupakan perbuatan yang berlandaskan motivasi untuk memperoleh keridhaan Allah swt. Ikhlas adalah syarat utama diterimanya sebuah amal ibadah. Tanpa keikhlasan, amal ibadah sebesar apapun tidak akan sampai kepada Allah dan bahkan tergolong sebagai amal yang sia-sia.
About the book of Albert F. Izmailov “I believe and I hope. Sketches about Peter I and his associates”
Authors: Proshina E. M.
Published: June 2022

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Youth in the Labor Market: Opportunities and Threats
Authors: Grinenko T.  G.
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes the modern labor market, shows the changes that have occurred in the labor market as a result of the pandemic: the strengthening of information and communication technologies in the structure of professional activity, changes in forms of employment, changes in the forms of labor organization, transformation of professions, the emergence of new professions. The influence of these changes on youth employment has been investigated. The definition of “youth” is given, the main characteristics of young people aged 20–24 years — generation Z are analyzed, a large statistical material is provided that confirms the position of this generation in the labor market, national and federal projects aimed at solving youth employment are considered, problems that require their solution are formulated.
LEVANTAMENTO BIBLIOGRÁFICO SOBRE AS COTAS ÉTNICO-RACIAS EM CONCURSOS PÚBLICOS PARA A MAGISTRATURA
Authors: Dos Santos Farias Daniel André , Campos de Souza Amaral Shirlena , Martínez Silvia Alicia
Published: June 2022

As cotas étnico-raciais para o ingresso no serviço público é uma espécie das diversas modalidades na aplicação das ações afirmativas. Para tanto, cabe mencionar que na esfera federal a Lei nº 12.990/2014 estabeleceu as cotas étnico-raciais de 20% em concursos públicos relativa aos cargos da esfera do Poder Executivo federal e a Resolução nº 203 de 23 de junho de 2015 do Conselho nacional de Justiça promoveu a aplicação desse mesmo percentual aos cargos do Poder Judiciário devido à sub-representatividade negra. Assim, o presente trabalho de caráter bibliográfico é o resultado investigativo da temática das cotas étnico-raciais em concursos públicos da magistratura e matérias estritamente correlatas. Teve como missão primordial analisar no banco de teses da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, 2020) e Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD, 2020) as dissertações e teses convergentes com referenciais teóricos para formular o caminho exploratório da pesquisa inclusiva, especificamente, do negro no serviço público. Foram encontrados 117 na Capes e 14 no BDTD, e com o processamento de filtragem, o qual buscou-se a aproximação temática, a apuração dimanou em 16 trabalhos acadêmicos, 4 teses e 12 dissertações. Cabe salientar que a importância contida nessa pesquisa em específico, mesmo não esgotando o debate sobre o assunto, poderá servir como indicativo no aprofundamento da problemática das cotas étnico-raciais em concursos públicos e o seu desdobramento no judiciário brasileiro, considerando a relevante base referencial levantada.
LA PROTECCIÓN JURÍDICA DE LA VULNERABILIDAD MIGRATORIA EN EUROPA COMO EXPONENTE DEL “FETICHISMO CATEGÓRICO”
Authors: La Spina Encarnación
Published: June 2022

Tradicionalmente, tanto el derecho internacional como la doctrina consideran los migrantes económicos y las personas refugiadas o migrantes forzados como dos categorías jurídicas fijas y se le reconoce un diferente grado de vulnerabilidad. En torno a esta doble categoría, los refugiados y los solicitantes de asilo pueden ser considerados vulnerables, tomando en consideración la motivación para abandonar el país de origen y el trato recibido durante el proceso de asilo, mientras que en comparación se permite incluso cuestionar o negar la vulnerabilidad de los migrantes económicos o voluntarios. Esta distinción ha tenido reflejo en el sistema internacional de protección onusiano y la jurisprudencia supranacional a la hora de modular los estándares de protección. Por ello, en primer lugar, esta propuesta analiza los instrumentos normativos que configuran la categoría genérica de migrante vulnerable y, en segundo lugar, trata de determinar los límites y desafíos jurídicos que plantea como un exponente normativo más del fetichismo categórico, por su incapacidad de ajuste al contexto y procesos migratorios reales.
"REXISTIR" TRANS: DE QUE IGUALDADE SE TRATA?: Algumas interfaces com a práxis decolonial
Authors: Geisler Adriana
Published: June 2022

Este trabalho tem como objetivo percorrer o pensamento decolonial, evidenciando as interfaces possíveis entre ele, a crítica paradigmática de Boaventura de Souza Santos e a genealogia do poder em Michel Foucault. Ao tomar a colonialidade do conceito de gênero, a partir da admissão dos traços historicamente específicos da organização do gênero em seu sistema moderno/colonial, é possível reconhecer a persistência de singularidades que emergem na produção de rizomas e resistências cotidianas, a partir de si. O trabalho avança na tentativa de identificar a ideia de igualdade presente nessa abordagem, considerando a narrativa de uma mulher trans como representativa dos saberes (localizados) dos corpos abjetos naquilo que expressam suas necessidades, demandas e produção de direitos.

 

Palavras-chave: Pensamento decolonial; Igualdade; Mulher trans.
PERSPECTIVAS DE UMA INTEGRAÇÃO ENERGÉTICA INTERBLOCOS - MERCOSUL E UE: Integração Energética Interblocos
Authors: Amin Ferraz Daniel , Alonso Viegas Paulo Roberto
Published: June 2022

Mudanças tecnológicas ocorridas nos últimos vinte anos têm provocado inúmeras importantes alterações na vida das pessoas. Assim sendo, as relações de política internacional tomam novas conformações, em que a tentativa de atuação em blocos regionais não é mais suficiente para um mundo cuja conexão global é inevitável e mandatória. Logo, é oportuna a busca por ação interblocos, de forma coordenada ou integrada, uma vez que a atuação multilateral ainda é improvável num mundo com grandes diferenças sócio-econômicas e cultural-ideológicas. Para fins de analisar uma atuação interblocos econômicos, a relação entre o MERCOSUL e a União Europeia parece interessante e promissora. Nesse cenário, ganha relevo o setor energético, que envolve especialmente o setor elétrico e o de combustíveis, o que, consideradas as inovações tecnológicas supracitadas, começa a dar sinais de viabilidade futura, ainda que seja necessário o cumprimento de etapas para seu desenvolvimento. Uma integração interblocos restringe-se no âmbito do setor elétrico, considerando que esse, via de regra, requer estrutura de redes físicas para a operação do respectivo sistema – que abrange geração, transmissão e distribuição. Todavia, há interesse de se alavancar o comércio interblocos de combustíveis, bem como o de bens de capital e outros insumos do setor elétrico, e a concretização de um acordo intertblocos que favoreça esse comércio pode contribuir para o início de uma integração energética expandida interblocos. O modo de fazer a promoção desse comércio pode ocorrer mediante o estabelecimento de uma Zona de Livre Comércio entre os blocos, que contemple incentivos específicos ao setor elétrico e de combustíveis. A partir de uma discussão sob o enfoque de políticas públicas, e considerando a tecnologia disponível, essa seria a melhor forma de integração energética entre os blocos do MERCOSUL e da União Europeia.
“CALA A BOCA JÁ MORREU”: A educação sob ataque e o eterno retorno do autoritarismo
Authors: Appolinario Carla , Da Silva Peixoto Luiz Antonio
Published: June 2022

Considerando a atual escalada de atos atentatórios à liberdade de cátedra e o problema das inúmeras tentativas de censura ao pensamento crítico contra hegemônico, objetiva-se, por meio da análise de alguns casos emblemáticos, discutir o cenário mais amplo de retorno do autoritarismo. Para tanto, procede-se ao estudo de casos, seguido da compreensão da atuação do judiciário (nas hipóteses em que os episódios selecionados foram judicializados) e da Administração Pública (quando resolvidos na esfera administrativa). Desse modo, observa-se que, no momento em que é colocado em prática um projeto de sucateamento e desmonte da educação, concomitantemente, seus trabalhadores passam a ser submetidos a formas autoritárias de controle da prática docente, o que permite concluir que há em curso um processo mais amplo de profundo mal-estar e retrocesso nas vias democráticas.
SOCIOLOGIA ECONÔMICA DO DIREITO
Authors: Scarpati Costa Elizardo , Tarouco da Fonseca Rodrigo
Published: June 2022

Pretendemos apresentar algumas contribuições oriundas da sociologia econômica (SE) para a compreensão da racionalidade operada em determinados mercados, e com isto favorecer o estudo da criação de normas que sejam verdadeiramente eficazes na transformação do ambiente econômico. Nesse sentido será preciso compreender o estado das coisas – suas causas e seus efeitos – em determinada realidade para que se possa transformá-las, transparecendo assim um estudo eminentemente interdisciplinar, pois não busca apenas entender os aspectos de uma disciplina com os conceitos e definições internas, mas sim aproveitar das intersecções que entre eles possam haver. Se faz indispensável ir além do agente presumidamente racional das análises econômicas tradicionais, para avançarmos rumo a uma investigação que aponte outros caminhos capazes de revelar as preferências destes sujeitos. Tem-se assim uma proposta para que o Direito não se torne mera formalidade, sem qualquer efetividade sobre a economia e a sociedade.
Pengaruh Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Terhadap Kualitas Lingkungan Di Sekitar Areal Hutan Tanaman Industri
Authors: Hadi Ripil , Rosyani Rosyani , Ermandani Ermadani
Published: June 2022

The high number of forest and land fires that occur every year can damage the quality of the environment. Serious and continuous efforts are needed to reduce, prevent and control forest and land fires that occur. It is important to do this so that the number of forest and peatland fires caused by humans can be suppressed. One of the efforts that can be done is through community empowerment programs. This study aims to analyze the business and the role and influence of community empowerment on the quality of the environment around the PT Wirakarya Sakti Industrial Plantation Forest Area. This study uses a mixed method approach by combining quantitative research and qualitative research. Based on the results of data analysis, it is known that the environmental quality, including the air quality index, is in the good category (IKU=32,4), the water quality index is good (IKA=0.989) and the soil quality index is in the bad category (IKT=33,5). In addition, it is known that the level of community understanding of forest and peatland knowledge is in the medium category (65.3%), community understanding of forest and land fires is in the medium category (67.1%) and community understanding of community empowerment is in the high (78.2%). The results of the regression analysis prove that the significance value obtained is 0.389>0.05, meaning that community empowerment has no significant effect on environmental quality in the area around industrial plants.
Keterkaitan Lahan Pangan Dengan Neraca Bahan Makanan Dan Pola Pangan Harapan Kota Jambi
Authors: Muis Muhammad Abdul , MT Napitupulu Dompak , Suandi Suandi
Published: June 2022

Jambi City's Food Land decreased during the period 2001 - 2020 by 24.77 percent per year, while the population growth rate of Jambi City increased by 1.85 percent per year. This condition causes food production to decrease but food demand increases along with increasing population growth. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an urban farming strategy, namely food land intensification, food diversification, utilization of Sustainable Food House Areas (KRPL), determination of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (LP2B), expansion of food land or agriculture-based Green Open Space (RTH) and suppression of the rate of growth. population growth. The purpose of the study was to analyze the development of food land in Jambi City, to analyze the development of the Foodstuffs Balance of Jambi City, to analyze the growth of the Food Expectation Pattern of Jambi City, to determine the relationship between food land and the Foodstuff Balance of Jambi City and to determine the relationship between the Foodstuff Balance and the Expected Food Pattern of Jambi City. The research method is descriptive quantitative and simple linear regression. The secondary data used is the Decision Number II (ATAP II) recorded at the Jambi City BPS and Jambi City DPKP. Analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) program. The results showed that Jambi City's food area was reduced by -19018 ha or 96.01 percent with a linear trend of -698.95 ha/year. The development of the Balance of Foodstuffs for main food is an average of 131.9 kg/cap/year, Energy Adequacy Number 11.78 kcal/cap/day, Protein Adequacy Rate is 1.0944 gr/cap/day, Fat Adequacy Rate is 0 .7585 g/cap/day, and the score of the Hope Food Pattern in Jambi City was 82.3.  The correlation between food land and food ingredients balance is 0.416 kg/cap/year for every 1 ha, the correlation between food items balance and expected food pattern for AKE is 0.125 per 1 kcal/cap/day, PPA is scored 0.361 for 1 g/cap/day. day and AKL got a score of 0.365 every 1 g/cap/day.
Kearifan Lokal Dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Adat Di Desa Rantau Kermas Kecamatan Jangkat Kabupaten Merangin
Authors: Tamami Tamami , Herdiyansyah Rikky
Published: June 2022

The law tradition of society is a community of people who conduct their daily lives very close to the nature environment, moreover in various of academic literature in the law tradition of society is often considered as part of dynamics nature environment, so the wisdom of law tradition society as part of life that really needs to be expressed.As general, this research to purposed analyze the local wisdom related with arrangement, usage, and protection of traditional forest in Rantau Kermas village, ex. Serampas clan, Jangkat Subdistrict. The research was conducted in the Rantau Kermas village, ex. Serampas clan used Snowball sampling method or Snowball sampling used informants by way of non- probability. The result of this research, it was shown in society life have many traditional knowledge that underlines the formation of one value in every day life. The knowledge passed down from one generation to generation with developed as balanced in interaction with environment. Related to this research have some conclusions in the management of traditional forest as follows : the local wisdom associated with traditional forest arrangement, the local wisdom asoociated with traditional forest usage, and the local wisdom associated with traditional forest protection.
Pengaturan Penyelesaian Tindakan Maladministrasi Dalam Perspektif Peraturan Perundang-Undangan
Authors: Padol Muhammad , Satoto Sukamto
Published: June 2022

This study aims to identify and analyze the maladministration settlement system in Indonesia in the perspective of the applicable laws and regulations with the existence of two institutions that have the authority to settle maladministration actions, namely the PTUN and the Ombudsman. This research is a normative research with a statutory and conceptual approach that is structured descriptively to produce solutions based on the problems studied. The results of this study indicate that the settlement of maladministration actions in Indonesia can be reached by 2 (two) systems, namely the litigation system and the non-litigation system, in which the litigation system is in the PTUN based on articles 51, 52 paragraph (2) of Law Number 25 of 2009 concerning Services. Public Jo Article 1 point 4 of Law Number 5 of 1986 concerning the State Administrative Court Jo Article 87 of Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration. Meanwhile, the non-litigation settlement system is resolved by the Ombudsman as regulated in Article 1 point 1 of Law Number 37 of 2008 concerning the Ombudsman in conjunction with Article 46 of Law Number 25 of 2009 concerning Public Services. However, there are no clear rules regarding the limits of forms of maladministration that can be resolved by each institution, so the authors suggest that the creation of legal certainty in the settlement of maladministration acts in Indonesia and the creation of good and quality public services, it is very necessary to have clear legal rules governing the boundaries regarding types of maladministration that can be resolved by the PTUN or the Ombudsman.

Keywords; Solution, Maladministration, Legislation
THE ARROWHEADS TYPOLOGY OF OLD SMYRNA IN THE LIGHT OF NEW DATA
Authors: AKAR TANRIVER Duygu , FOÇA Serhat
Published: June 2022

The archaeological records prove the existence of a continuous settlement in Bayrakli Mound, located northeast of Izmir Bay, from the Bronze Ages until the Hellenistic Period. Migration movements to the Western Anatolian coasts beginning in the 11th century BC revealed the benefits of economic growth in Old Smyrna's socio-cultural structure and the city's identity as a Greek Polis. However, due to the importance of its geopolitical position and the outcomes of political events, the city was vulnerable to invasions from different powers. The military actions in the city which was captured by Lydia and Persia and later sieged by Macedonians (?) can be clearly recognized with archaeological data. Arrowheads are one of the sources of information for this data and are unquestionably the essential reference source among ordnance. Arrowheads, found in many places from the Near East to Anatolia and the Greek Mainland, were not only used in warfare, but they were also popular as a votive item given in the sanctuary and as a funerary offering left in the graves during burial customs. In this study, arrowheads unearthed in Old Smyrna throughout the previous and recent excavations were examined in-depth, and classification was developed based on the arrowheads' shape and functional qualities. A total of 133 bronze and iron arrowheads were classified typologically and compared to similar samples acquired from nearby and distant sites. The arrowheads discovered in recent excavations, ongoing since 2014, have been dated together with the context. This study particularly emphasizes the correlation between the destructions associated with the military actions in the city and the arrowheads. Therefore, this study of bronze and iron arrowhead findings in Old Smyrna, one of the most important cities in Western Anatolia, will critically contribute to the literature.
Characteristic of Sound Localisation of Unilateral Microtia and Atresia with and without a Non-surgical Bone Conduction Device
Authors: Liu Yujie , Yang Lin , Chen Peiwei , Zhu Jikai , Yang Jinsong , Wang Danni , Li Ying , Ren Ran , Zhao Chunli , Zhao Shouqin
Published: June 2022

Characteristic of Sound Localisation of Unilateral Microtia and Atresia
with and without a Non-surgical Bone Conduction Device
Effects of Environment and Space on Species Turnover of Soil Faunas across Multiple Forest Ecosystems in East Asia
Authors: Li Peikun , Zhang Jian , Ding Shunping , Zhang Panpan , Geng Zihan , Shengyan Ding
Published: June 2022

Species turnover is fundamental for understanding the mechanisms that
influence large-scale species richness patterns. However, the
large-scale spatial variation and the causes in soil animal species
turnover remain elusive. In addition, the determinants of species
turnover depend on the dispersal ability of guilds. In this study, we
explored the large-scale patterns of meso-micro soil fauna turnover
pattern and the driving factors based on fourteen sampling sites in East
Asia. The patterns of soil fauna species turnover increased
significantly with increasing latitude differences in East Asia. The
environment explained 54.09, 50.62, and 57.34% of the total variance,
and spatial factors explained 13.84, 15.91, and 21.04% of the total
variance in species composition of overall, phytophage, and predacity
faunas, respectively. Meanwhile, the effects of climate factors in
environmental processes were stronger than that of soil factors in these
three groups. Our results support the hypothesis that the effect of
environment processes on soil animal species turnover is more important
than the effect of the neutral. Climatic factors explained more
variation for turnover of phytophage faunas, but soil and environment
factors explained equally for predacity. Our results provide evidence
supporting both environmental filtering and dispersal limitation
hypotheses on the reginal and population scales. At last, this study has
important theoretical significance and applied value in maintaining and
promoting soil biodiversity and ecosystem services on the large scale.
Trends in upper respiratory tract infections and antibiotic prescriptions during the COVID-19 pandemic -- a national observational study
Authors: Gisselsson-Solen Marie , Hermansson Ann
Published: June 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the incidences of
common upper airway infections and their complications, and of
antibiotic prescription rates during 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic
struck, and the previous year. Study design: Retrospective national
register study Setting/source population: The Swedish population in 2019
and 2020. Methods: The Swedish Board of Health and Welfare statistics
data base, which includes all out- and inpatient diagnoses in
specialised care was used to retrieve the number of otitis media,
rhinosinusitis, pharyngotonsillitis, acute mastoiditis and peritonsillar
abscess diagnoses in various age groups during 2019 and 2020. The number
of prescriptions of oral antibiotics used to treat upper airway
infections was collected from the Swedish E-Health Authority, which
covers all prescriptions in Sweden. Population data were retrieved from
Statistics Sweden. Results: There was strong evidence of a substantial
decrease (approximately 40%) in otitis media, rhinosinusitis and
pharyngotonsillitis cases in the population as a whole in 2020 compared
to 2019. For otitis media, the decrease was most pronounced among
children, whereas rhinosinusitis and pharyngotonsillitis incidence
decreased to a similar extent in adults, as well. Furthermore, there was
equally strong evidence that acute mastoiditis decreased by 40% in
children and adolescents and that peritonsillitis in adults decreased by
24%. The decrease in infections was accompanied by a corresponding
decrease in antibiotic prescriptions. Conclusion: The social distancing
measures introduced during 2020 were followed by a significant decrease
in upper airway infections and antibiotic prescriptions.
A new complex structure-preserving method for QSVD
Authors: Yu CuiE , LIU Xin , Zhang Yang
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we propose a new structure-preserving algorithm for
computing the singular value decomposition of a quaternion matrix $A$.
We first define a quaternion-type matrix and prove that the
multiplication of two quaternion-type matrices still be a
quaternion-type matrix. Thus, utilizing this fact, we conduct a sequence
of quaternion-type unitary transformations on a half of the elements of
the complex adjoint matrix $\chi_A$ of $A$ instead
of on the whole $\chi_A$. Then, we recover the
resulting matrix with the help of the special structures. Compared with
direct performing on the complex adjoint matrix, our algorithm needs
only half of the computation and storage. This method also provides a
novel proof for the existence of the singular value decomposition of a
quaternion matrix. Moreover, numerical experiments are given to
demonstrate the validity of our approach.
The relationship between commercial refined vegetable oils stabilities and health implications: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nyam Kar Lin , Goh Kok Ming , Pneh Weng Nee Eunice
Published: June 2022

Deep-frying is a popular food preparation method although oxidized oil
may be a health hazard. Minor components in frying oil including
antioxidants like tocopherols and tocotrienols, fatty acid composition,
triacylglycerol (TAG), and vitamins serve to protect vegetable oil from
thermal deterioration. The eating habits of three ethnicity in Malaysia
due to influence from the West was briefly mentioned. The importance of
fats and oils, as well as the characteristics of each plant oil, were
also explained in this project paper. A total of 31 studies fulfilled
our inclusion criteria. Studies with humans and animals were accepted
and included in this Meta-analysis. The probability of occurrence of
obesity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, and oxidative
stress were checked. The overall weighted mean differences for palm oil
(PO), canola oil (CNO), corn oil (CO), extra virgin olive oil (EVOO),
sunflower oil (SFO), and soybean oil (SBO) were 0.18 [95% CI: 0.11,
0.25; P < 0.00001], 5.50 [95% CI: 4.12, 6.87; P
< 0.00001], 0.62 [95% CI: -4.71, 5.95; P = 0.82], 1.13
[95% CI: 0.39, 1.87; P = 0.003], -3.79 [95% CI: -5.61, -1.97; P
< 0.00001], 0.46 [95% CI:0.29, 0.64; P <
0.00001] respectively. In short, this study revealed that there was no
strong relationship found between a heated and/or repeated heated
vegetable oil with the adverse health complications included based on
current meta-analysis.
Harmonizing spatial scales and ecological theories to predict avian richness and functional diversity within forest ecosystems
Authors: Cooper William , McShea William , Songer Melissa , Huang Qiongyu , Luther David
Published: June 2022

Classic ecological theory has proven that temperature, precipitation,
and productivity organize ecosystems at broad scales and are generalized
drivers of biodiversity within different biomes. At local scales, the
strength of these predictors is not reliable across different biomes. To
better translate these theories to localized scales, it is essential to
determine the links between drivers of biodiversity. Here we harmonize
existing ecological theories to increase the predictive power for
species richness and functional diversity. We test the relative
importance of three-dimensional habitat structure as a link between
local and broad scale patterns of avian richness and functional
diversity. Our results indicate that habitat structure is stronger than
precipitation, temperature, and elevation gradients for predicting avian
species richness and functional diversity across different forest
ecosystems in North America. We conclude that forest structure, driven
by climatic drivers, is essential for predicting the response of
biodiversity with future shifts in climatic regimes.
A single-center, open-label, parallel control study comparing the pharmacokinetics and safety of a single oral dose of roflumilast and its active metabolite roflumilast N-oxide in healthy Chinese and Caucasian volunteers
Authors: Han Mai , Lin Xiao-yan , Cui Gang , Chen Shuai , Wu Wei , Mi Na , Wang Jing , Xiao Chun-yan , Zhang Xin , Lu Xing , Li Jintong
Published: June 2022

Roflumilast is a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor developed for COPD
treatment. Roflumilast N-oxide is the major metabolite with similar
mechanism of action. The exposure difference between different races
have been observed, but the need for dose adjustment have been
controversial. The present study compared the pharmacokinetics of a
single dose of the original oral roflumilast tablets (Daliresp®) 0.5 mg
in healthy Chinese and Caucasian subjects under uniform conditions. The
Chinese subjects were found to have longer t1/2, higher AUC0-t, AUCinf
and Cmax than the Caucasian subjects. Compared to Caucasian subjects,
the point estimate on geometric mean of AUC0-t and AUCinf in Chinese
subjects was respectively 22% and 25% higher for roflumilast, and 46%
and 48% higher for roflumilast N-oxide. The point estimate on geometric
mean of Cmax 9% higher for roflumilast, and 24% higher for its
N-oxide. After body weight normalization, the difference of
pharmacokinetics (PK) exposure reduced but did not eliminate. Compared
to the Caucasians, tPDE4i in Chinese subjects was 44% higher. After
body- weight normalization, the difference reduced to 27%. Safety
analysis showed signs indicating Chinese were less tolerant to
roflumilast than Caucasians, or have different pharmacodynamic response.
Our study suggests a dose of roflumilast lower than 0.5 mg daily for
Chinese patients or future clinical trials. More dose exploration
studies are needed to determine the optimal doses of roflumilast for
Chinese COPD patients.
The effect of the amount of Y2O3 doped to the MA6000 alloy produced by mechanical alloying method on wear behavior
Authors: Çelik Ş. , Özyürek D. , Tunçay T.
Published: June 2022

This paper investigated the wear performances of Y2O3 doped MA6000 (Ni-Cr-Al) alloy produced by mechanical alloying (MA). Produced, all powders were pre-formed by cold pressing and sintered in a vacuum environment. Sintered MA6000- X% Y2O3 superalloys were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, density, and hardness measurements. Wear tests of Y2O3 added MA6000 alloys were carried out in a block-on-ring type wear device. In the wear tests, the sliding speed of 1 ms-1 at room temperature (RT) was performed under five different sliding distances (200-1000 m) and three different loads (5 N, 10 N, and 15 N). As a result of the studies, it was determined that the MA-ed MA6000 superalloy powders were homogeneous and flake shape. With the increase amount of Y2O3, hardness of these superalloys increased from 267 to 431 Hv, but the density slightly decreased. Different intermetallic/carbur phases such as Ni3Al and MoC were observed in all compositions. Wear tests show that weight loss and wear rate decreased, and friction coefficient (?) increased with the increasing amount of Y2O3 additive. Besides, it was determined that as the applied load increased in the wear test, the weight loss increased, but the wear rate and friction coefficient (?) decreased.
Soluble RAGE Prevents Type 1 Diabetes Expanding Functional Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Leung Sherman S. , Borg Danielle J. , McCarthy Domenica A. , Boursalian Tamar E. , Cracraft Justen , Zhuang Aowen , Fotheringham Amelia K. , Flemming Nicole , Watkins Thomas , Miles John J. , Groop Per-Henrik , Scheijen Jean L. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Steptoe Raymond J. , Radford Kristen J. , Knip Mikael , Forbes Josephine M.
Published: June 2022

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease with no cure, where clinical translation of promising therapeutics has been hampered by the reproducibility crisis. Here, short-term administration of an antagonist to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) protected against murine diabetes at two independent research centers. Treatment with sRAGE increased regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the islets, pancreatic lymph nodes, and spleen, increasing islet insulin expression and function. Diabetes protection was abrogated by Treg depletion and shown to be dependent on antagonizing RAGE with use of knockout mice. Human Tregs treated with a RAGE ligand downregulated genes for suppression, migration, and Treg homeostasis (FOXP3, IL7R, TIGIT, JAK1, STAT3, STAT5b, CCR4). Loss of suppressive function was reversed by sRAGE, where Tregs increased proliferation and suppressed conventional T-cell division, confirming that sRAGE expands functional human Tregs. These results highlight sRAGE as an attractive treatment to prevent diabetes, showing efficacy and reproducibility at multiple research centers and in human T cells.
Obese Skeletal Muscle–Expressed Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 Transcriptionally Regulates Mitochondrial Branched-Chain Aminotransferase Reprogramming Metabolome
Authors: Yao Ting , Yan Hongmei , Zhu Xiaopeng , Zhang Qiongyue , Kong Xingyu , Guo Shanshan , Feng Yonghao , Wang Hui , Hua Yinghui , Zhang Jing , Mittelman Steven D. , Tontonoz Peter , Zhou Zhenqi , Liu Tiemin , Kong Xingxing
Published: June 2022

In addition to the significant role in physical activity, skeletal muscle also contributes to health through the storage and use of macronutrients associated with energy homeostasis. However, the mechanisms of regulating integrated metabolism in skeletal muscle are not well-defined. Here, we compared the skeletal muscle transcriptome from obese and lean control subjects in different species (human and mouse) and found that interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), an inflammation-immune transcription factor, conservatively increased in obese subjects. Thus, we investigated whether IRF4 gain of function in the skeletal muscle predisposed to obesity and insulin resistance. Conversely, mice with specific IRF4 loss in skeletal muscle showed protection against the metabolic effects of high-fat diet, increased branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) level of serum and muscle, and reprogrammed metabolome in serum. Mechanistically, IRF4 could transcriptionally upregulate mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase (BCATm) expression; subsequently, the enhanced BCATm could counteract the effects caused by IRF4 deletion. Furthermore, we demonstrated that IRF4 ablation in skeletal muscle enhanced mitochondrial activity, BCAA, and fatty acid oxidation in a BCATm-dependent manner. Taken together, these studies, for the first time, established IRF4 as a novel metabolic driver of macronutrients via BCATm in skeletal muscle in terms of diet-induced obesity.
Dietary Protein Sources, Mediating Biomarkers, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From the Women’s Health Initiative and the UK Biobank
Authors: Li Jie , Glenn Andrea J. , Yang Qingling , Ding Ding , Zheng Lingling , Bao Wei , Beasley Jeannette , LeBlanc Erin , Lo Kenneth , Manson JoAnn E. , Philips Lawrence , Tinker Lesley , Liu Simin
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVE

Whether and how dietary protein intake is linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of protein intake with development of T2D and the potential mediating roles of T2D biomarkers.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We included 108,681 postmenopausal women without T2D at baseline from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) (primary cohort) and 34,616 adults without T2D from the U.K. Biobank (UKB) (replication cohort). Cox proportional hazard models were used for estimation of protein-T2D associations. Mediation analysis was performed to assess the mediating roles of biomarkers in case-control studies nested in the WHI.

RESULTS

In the WHI, 15,842 incident T2D cases were identified during a median follow-up of 15.8 years. Intake of animal protein was associated with increased T2D risk (hazard ratio in comparing the highest to the lowest quintile = 1.31 [95% CI 1.24–1.37]) and plant protein with decreased risk (0.82 [0.78–0.86]). Intakes of red meat, processed meat, poultry, and eggs were associated with increased T2D risk and whole grains with decreased risk. Findings from the UKB were similar. These findings were materially attenuated after additional adjustment for BMI. Substituting 5% energy from plant protein for animal protein was associated with 21% decreased T2D risk (0.79 [0.74–0.84]), which was mediated by levels of hs-CRP, interleukin-6, leptin, and SHBG.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings from these two large prospective cohorts support the notion that substituting plant protein for animal protein may decrease T2D risk mainly by reducing obesity-related inflammation.
Obese skeletal muscle-expressed interferon regulatory factor 4 transcriptionally regulates mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase reprogramming metabolome
Authors: Yao Ting , Yan Hongmei , Zhu Xiaopeng , Zhang Qiongyue , Kong Xingyu , Guo Shanshan , Feng Yonghao , Wang Hui , Hua Yinghui , Zhang Jing , Mittelman Steven D. , Tontonoz Peter , Zhou Zhenqi , Liu Tiemin , Kong Xingxing
Published: June 2022

  

In addition to the significant role in physical activity, skeletal muscle also contributes to health through the storage and use of macronutrients associated with energy homeostasis. However, the mechanisms of regulating integrated metabolism in skeletal muscle were not well-defined. Here, we compared the skeletal muscle transcriptome from obese and lean controls in different species (human and mouse), and found that interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), an inflammation-immune transcription factor, conservatively increased in obese subjects. Thus, we investigated that IRF4 gain of function in the skeletal muscle predisposed to obesity and insulin resistance. Conversely, mice with specific IRF4 loss in skeletal muscle showed protection against the metabolic effects of the high-fat diet (HFD), increased branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) level of serum and muscle, and re-programmed metabolome in serum. Mechanistically, IRF4 could transcriptionally upregulate mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase (BCATm) expression; subsequently, the enhanced BCATm could counteract the effects caused by IRF4 deletion. Furthermore, we demonstrated that IRF4 ablation in skeletal muscle enhanced mitochondrial activity, BCAAs and fatty acid oxidation in a BCATm-dependent manner. Taken together, these studies, for the first time, established IRF4 as a novel metabolic driver of macronutrients via BCATm in skeletal muscle in terms of diet-induced obesity (DIO).
Analisis Pembelajaran Daring Menggunakan WhatsApp Grup (WAG) di SD Muhammadiyah 002 Penyasawan
Authors: Adi Yusri
Published: June 2022

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran pembelajran yang di laksakan secara daring di SD Muhammadiayah sudah berjalan dengan cukup baik dengan memanfaatkan fitur-fitur yang terdapat didalam WhatsApp seperti seperti foto, media, voice note, dokumen. Dan ada beberapa kendala dalam pembelajran daring ini seperti  peserta didik tidak mengumpulkan tugas, tugas yang di kerjakan oleh orang tua dan ketebatasan peserta didik dalam menjeaskan secara terperinci sebuah materi.
Pengembangan E-Modul Berbasis Discovery Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Peserta Didik Mata Pelajaran Ips Kelas Vi Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: NURHADI NURHADI NURHADI
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan E-Modul Berbasis Discovery Learning. Modul elektronik berbasis discovery learning dapat dimaknai sebagai bahan ajar modul yang ditampilkan menggunakan media elektronik.materi yang disajikan di dalam modul adalah fleksible, update, isi atau konten keberkaitan, keshahihan dan mudah digunakan (User Friendly). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan modul berbasis discovery learning dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman IPS peserta didik di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Kota Pekanbaru yang memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif. Jenis penelitian yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian dan Pengembangan atau Research and Development (R&D). Penelitian ini mengembangkan bahan ajar guru dalam mengembangkan bentuk soal untuk tes hasil belajar siswa yang mampu meningkatkan cara berpikir siswa dalam menjawab soal yang membutuhkan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa kelas V SD di Kota Pekanbaru. Terdapat 10 langkah Penelitian Pengembangan menurut Borg dan Gall dalam Sugiyono, yaitu (1) potensi dan masalah, (2) pengumpulan data, (3) desain produk, (4) validasi desain, (5) revisi desain, (6) uji coba produk, (7) revisi produk, (8) uji coba produk, (9) revisi produk, dan (10) pembuatan produk masal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian data yang diperoleh dari penelitian dan pengembangan ini adalah bahan ajar e-modul yang dihasilkan telah dikembangkan dengan model Borg and Gall yang dimodifikasi oleh Sugiyono yang meliputi tahapan potensi dan masalah, pengumpulan data, desain produk, validasi desain, revisi desain, uji coba produk, dan revisi produk. Pada tahap validasi produk yang dilakukan oleh ahli materi, ahli media dan ahli bahasa diperoleh nilai rata-rata dengan kriteria sangat baik.Respon peserta didik  dalam uji coba terbatas terhadap e-modul berbasis Discovery Learning  diperoleh nilai rata-rata skor 3,64 dengan kriteria sangat Praktis.Kata Kunci :Pengembangan, E-Modul Berbasis Discovery Learning, Meningkatkan Kemampuan, Mata Pelajaran IPS.