bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Needles and Haystacks: Legal Information Sources in Ireland
Authors: Furlong John
Published: March 2019

Ireland is a small common law jurisdiction with a devolved legal system. These two factors combine to present a number of significant problems with regard to legal information sources:

• Devolution has promoted incremental and incidental change. There has been little systemic review and the law is a complex mix of amendment, addition and judicial review.

• Much of our legislation is reactive to social or political requirements.

• Until recently, sources of law have not been prioritized as an important national resource requiring investment in terms of review and access.

• Consolidation is infrequent and ineffective. Codification has only recently been considered.

• Current sources of modern Irish law have been substantially shaped by major historical events of the last three centuries. Today's Irish legal system and sources of contemporary law owe a lot to the pragmatic adoption and adaptation of the Westminster model and the English common law as it stood in the early twentieth century.
Library of Congress Islamic and Jewish Law Classification Schedule
Authors: Schwartz Elisheva
Published: March 2019

Islamic and Jewish law has, for years, been the orphan of the Library of Congress classification scheme. Left without a place of its own it has been either shoehorned into the religion schedules, or set aside in homegrown organizational schemes. In either case access to these materials was often compromised, and retrieval difficult.

Fortunately, LC, in its work on the law schedules, has finally been able to generate draft versions of KBM–Jewish Law, and KBP–Islamic Law. We are fortunate that someone of Jolande Goldberg's prodigious talent and incredible energy was assigned the task of developing both of these schedules. She has overcome numerous roadblocks, and found consensus where there seemed to be none. The new schedules, as you will see, are both elegant structures in themselves, as well as constructed in such a way as to be a powerful tool for comparative research.
Introduction
Authors: Sahl Silke
Published: March 2019

The IALL Board was delighted that Harvard Law School Library offered to host this additional day. The largest private academic law library in the United States, the institution was sure to attract many IALL members. I was especially pleased, since I had begun my career there seven years earlier. I knew well that the staff would provide an excellent Conference, and looked forward to be working with my former colleagues again.
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Authors: Schaaf Robert W.
Published: March 2019

The Convention on the Rights of the Child adopted by the United Nations General Assembly resolution 44/25 on November 20, 1989 was last reported in this column in the Winter of 1990 (IJLI, v. 18, no. 3). As noted then, the Convention entered into force on September 2, 1990. The initial documentation of the States parties to the Convention and the Committee on the Rights of the Child now provide additional information. These documents carry the words “Convention on the Rights of the Child” on the upper left corner of the cover pages and the new symbol “CRC” on the top of the upper right corner. The first documents noted emanate from the first meeting of the States parties to the Convention which opened at UN headquarters on February 27, 1991. The initial document, a single-page item carrying the symbol CRC/SP/1, dated November 30, 1990, is the provisional agenda of the first meeting.
The Impact of Globalization on Law Libraries
Authors: Haugen Betty
Published: March 2019

Twenty years ago, most of the users at the University of Oslo's Faculty of Law Library (UOFLL) were what we would call “Norwegians from Norway”. They came to the library to find Norwegian domestic law to address issues of purely domestic concern. In recent years, bilateral, regional and global agreements have increasingly become an integral part of our domestic legal system.
Searching Through Systems: Research Guide for UN Criminal Tribunals
Authors: Bestafka-Cruz Anthony
Published: March 2019

This research guide aims to provide individuals with an understanding for how to approach topics related to the past, current, and future work of the international criminal tribunals established under the domain and supervision of the United Nations. With attention given to the broad nature and responsibilities of these ad hoc tribunals, this guide intends to give a general introduction to researching the tribunals and looking into various types of information that stem from the existence of these institutions. This includes researching information from judicial decisions to the administrative functions of these courts.
The Closed Nature of the “Open-Access” SSRN
Authors: Kruger Stephen
Published: March 2019

The Social Science Research Network (SSRN) offers online posting of papers on the SSRN web site. The system of posting is advertised by the SSRN as open access. Nevertheless, the SSRN hinders access to posted papers. This hindrance arises from the gatekeeper function of the SSRN system. Specifically, subjective determinations are made by the SSRN site administrators about whether posted papers should or should not be searchable by the SSRN search engine. It is difficult, sometimes impossible, to find posted papers on SSRN when a posted paper is not connected with the SSRN search engine. A posted paper which is not searchable is, in effect, not really posted, regardless of the nominal posting by the SSRN because it. Thus, the advertised open access feature of SSRN is essentially a misrepresentation by the SSRN of its true nature. The SSRN gatekeeper function is ill advised for another reason. It is doubtful that the SSRN site administrators are actually capable of distinguishing between posted papers which should benefit from the SSRN search engine, and posted papers which should not. The result: some poorly written or researched papers could be located through the SSRN search engine, while some very good papers may not be discovered through an SSRN search. Given this situation, three solutions are offered for the negation, by the SSRN, of open access to posted papers.
International Documentation
Authors: Schaaf Robert W.
Published: March 2019

While news of United Nations activities in Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia and other trouble spots has been in the press almost daily in recent months, information about internal UN developments are more difficult to come by. Fortunately, we have recently obtained documents on some organizational changes that affect the way the UN carries on its business and consequently the paper work documenting its activities. These changes involve several UN bodies, including the General Assembly and the Security Council, as well as other UN units. The number of developments is such that one cannot easily cover all the information in one column, and it has been decided to concentrate here on Security Council documentation.
Sources to Legal Information in Norway
Authors: Bertnes Pål A.
Published: March 2019

Norway became one kingdom at the end of the 9th century. Earlier the country cons isted of several regional kingdoms, each with its own legal society. A proper administration of justice based on law took place at the Althing, which was a public meeting, representative of the rural community or the larger community units.
Sources of Legal Information in Iceland
Authors: Kongshavn Halvor
Published: March 2019

Iceland is a small country with a long legal history. Iceland, an island between Norway and G ree nland, has today appr. 250,000 inhab itants. The country was settled (mostly) by Norwegians in the 9th and 10th century. The parliament—the “Althing”—is more tha n 1,000 years old. The first Althing met in A.D. 930.
Depressie bij ouderen
Authors: Honig A.
Published: March 2019

Een depressie bij een oudere patiënt wordt vaak niet herkend. Vooral bij chronische lichamelijke aandoeningen en bij toegeno-men sociaal isolement zou de arts vaker moeten denken aan de mogelijkheid dat de patiënt lijdt aan een depressie of een ver-wante stemmingsstoornis. Behandeling van depressies bij ouderen heeft evenveel kans op effect als bij jongere leeftijdscategorieën. Bij de keuze van een antidepressivum dient men rekening te houden met geneesmiddel-interacties en het effect van psychofarmaca op andere orgaansystemen. Dat bleek uit de bijdrage van psychiater dr A. Honig.
Het raakvlak van anticipatoire attentie en motorische preparatie Deel III
Authors: Brunia C.H.M.
Published: March 2019

Samenvatting

In een drietal artikelen wordt de overeenkomst besproken tussen processen die ten grondslag liggen aan twee verschillende functies: anticipatoire attentie en motorische preparatie. Beide functies zijn van belong voor een optimale afstemming op onze omgeving. Het achterste gedeelte van de hersenschors houdt zich voornamelijk bezig met binnenkomende informatie uit de buitenwereld en het eigen lichaam, terwijl het voorste deel essentieel is voor onze acties en reacties. Als bekend is wanneer wij met relevante informatie warden geconfronteerd en vermoed kan worden hoe daarop moet worden gereageerd, worden modaliteitsspecifieke sensorische en motorische kanalen geopend om zo een snelle en adequate reactie te garanderen. In deze tekst wordt gepostuleerd dat de achterste en voorste cortexhelften op vergelijkbare wijze vanuit de thalamus worden geactiveerd als onderdeel van motorische preparatie en anticipatoire attentie. Cruciaal is de inhiberende invloed die de nucleus reticularis (NR) uitoefent op de onderliggende thalamuskernen. De NR staat onder een dubbele controle: exciterend vanuit de prefrontale cortex, en inhiberend vanuit het neostriatum. Aangegeven wordt hoe selectie in de informatieverwerking via deze balans kan worden gerealiseerd, zowel in het sensorische als het motorische domein. Na het overzicht van de relevante anatomische structural in deel I, de presentatie van het model in deel II, komt in het ilenle artikel neuropsychologische evidentie aan de orde, waarna het psychofysiologisch onderzoek besproken wordt, dat geleid heeft tot de formulering van het model.
Exploring the perception of survivors on the bidirectional impact between cancer and their social contexts: A mixed-methods approach
Authors: Palmer Kelly Elizabeth , Agne Julia L. , Pawlik Timothy M.
Published: March 2019

Objective

The purpose of the current study was to use a mixed-methods approach to assess the perspective of cancer survivors on the bidirectional impact between cancer and their social contexts.

Method

A fixed concurrent triangulation mixed-methods survey design was used with open- and closed-ended questions that were predetermined and administered to participants. Quantitative items included demographic questions and the Life Impact Checklist. Qualitative questions were designed to explore the bidirectional impact between the patient and specific contexts including spirituality/faith, the spousal/partner relationship, and the family. A cross-sectional descriptive approach was used to evaluate the quantitative items and the constant comparative method guided the analysis of open-ended questions.

Result

Among 116 participants (mean age 58.4 years), the majority were female (66.7%) with breast cancer (27.9%). Nearly one-half the respondents endorsed a positive impact of cancer on their spirituality/faith, but qualitative results suggested less of a bidirectional impact. The importance of the spouse/partner during the cancer experience was emphasized, including the subthemes of instrumental and emotional support; however, there was often a negative impact of cancer on the spouse/partner relationship, including sexual functioning. Survivors indicated family members provided instrumental and emotional support, but not as regularly or directly as a spouse/partner.

Significance of results

Social contexts are important among cancer survivors, with many cancer survivors relying more on their spouse/partner than other family members for support. The cancer experience is stressful not only for survivors, but also for individuals in their social contexts and relationships.
Particle Beams in the Vicinity of Magnetic Separatrix According to Near‐Lunar ARTEMIS Observations
Authors: Grigorenko E. E. , Runov A. , Angelopoulos V. , Zelenyi L. M.
Published: March 2019

We study characteristics of ion and electron beams observed during 101 crossings of the near‐separatrix region by Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) spacecraft in the magnetotail. We found that accelerated ion beams are observed under any level of geomagnetic activity. A duration of earthward moving ion beams is statistically longer (≤ 10 min) than a duration of tailward ion beams (≤ 4 min), which can be due to the transient character of ion acceleration in the vicinity of the near‐Earth neutral line (NENL). Energetic characteristics of earthward and tailward ion beams are similar indicating similar acceleration conditions at ion kinetic scales at both sides of an X line independently of its location. Conversely, electron velocity distributions observed near magnetic separatrix earthward of the distant neutral line (DNL) differ from those observed tailward of the NENL. Earthward of the DNL a scattered and thermalized electron population without energetic field‐aligned beams is observed near the separatrix. On the contrary, tailward of the NENL field‐aligned electron beams accelerated to a few kiloelectron volts are detected. These observations show that near DNL the electron scattering and thermalization dominate over the direct acceleration, whereas stronger electric fields in the NENL produce substantial population of field‐aligned kiloelectron volt electrons.
Former Officials Slam Planned White House Climate Change Panel
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: March 2019

Fifty-eight former national security leaders say the plan would undermine military and intelligence assessments about threats from climate change.
Author Correction: 3D printing of high-strength bioscaffolds for the synergistic treatment of bone cancer
Authors: Ma Hongshi , Li Tao , Huan Zhiguang , Zhang Meng , Yang Zezheng , Wang Jinwu , Chang Jiang , Wu Chengtie
Published: March 2019

After online publication of this article, the authors noticed an error of Fig. 3h in Fig. 3. The correct Fig. 3 of this article should have read as below.
Genome-wide association study identifies genetic loci for self-reported habitual sleep duration supported by accelerometer-derived estimates
Authors: Dashti Hassan S. , Jones Samuel E. , Wood Andrew R. , Lane Jacqueline M. , van Hees Vincent T. , Wang Heming , Rhodes Jessica A. , Song Yanwei , Patel Krunal , Anderson Simon G. , Beaumont Robin N. , Bechtold David A. , Bowden Jack , Cade Brian E. , Garaulet Marta , Kyle Simon D. , Little Max A. , Loudon Andrew S. , Luik Annemarie I. , Scheer Frank A. J. L. , Spiegelhalder Kai , Tyrrell Jessica , Gottlieb Daniel J. , Tiemeier Henning , Ray David W. , Purcell Shaun M. , Frayling Timothy M. , Redline Susan , Lawlor Deborah A. , Rutter Martin K. , Weedon Michael N. , Saxena Richa
Published: March 2019

Sleep is an essential state of decreased activity and alertness but molecular factors regulating sleep duration remain unknown. Through genome-wide association analysis in 446,118 adults of European ancestry from the UK Biobank, we identify 78 loci for self-reported habitual sleep duration (p < 5 × 10−8; 43 loci at p < 6 × 10−9). Replication is observed for PAX8, VRK2, and FBXL12/UBL5/PIN1 loci in the CHARGE study (n = 47,180; p < 6.3 × 10−4), and 55 signals show sign-concordant effects. The 78 loci further associate with accelerometer-derived sleep duration, daytime inactivity, sleep efficiency and number of sleep bouts in secondary analysis (n = 85,499). Loci are enriched for pathways including striatum and subpallium development, mechanosensory response, dopamine binding, synaptic neurotransmission and plasticity, among others. Genetic correlation indicates shared links with anthropometric, cognitive, metabolic, and psychiatric traits and two-sample Mendelian randomization highlights a bidirectional causal link with schizophrenia. This work provides insights into the genetic basis for inter-individual variation in sleep duration implicating multiple biological pathways.
Divergent national-scale trends of microbial and animal biodiversity revealed across diverse temperate soil ecosystems
Authors: George Paul B. L. , Lallias Delphine , Creer Simon , Seaton Fiona M. , Kenny John G. , Eccles Richard M. , Griffiths Robert I. , Lebron Inma , Emmett Bridget A. , Robinson David A. , Jones Davey L.
Published: March 2019

Soil biota accounts for ~25% of global biodiversity and is vital to nutrient cycling and primary production. There is growing momentum to study total belowground biodiversity across large ecological scales to understand how habitat and soil properties shape belowground communities. Microbial and animal components of belowground communities follow divergent responses to soil properties and land use intensification; however, it is unclear whether this extends across heterogeneous ecosystems. Here, a national-scale metabarcoding analysis of 436 locations across 7 different temperate ecosystems shows that belowground animal and microbial (bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protists) richness follow divergent trends, whereas β-diversity does not. Animal richness is governed by intensive land use and unaffected by soil properties, while microbial richness was driven by environmental properties across land uses. Our findings demonstrate that established divergent patterns of belowground microbial and animal diversity are consistent across heterogeneous land uses and are detectable using a standardised metabarcoding approach.
Cryo-EM fibril structures from systemic AA amyloidosis reveal the species complementarity of pathological amyloids
Authors: Liberta Falk , Loerch Sarah , Rennegarbe Matthies , Schierhorn Angelika , Westermark Per , Westermark Gunilla T. , Hazenberg Bouke P. C. , Grigorieff Nikolaus , Fändrich Marcus , Schmidt Matthias
Published: March 2019

Systemic AA amyloidosis is a worldwide occurring protein misfolding disease of humans and animals. It arises from the formation of amyloid fibrils from the acute phase protein serum amyloid A. Here, we report the purification and electron cryo-microscopy analysis of amyloid fibrils from a mouse and a human patient with systemic AA amyloidosis. The obtained resolutions are 3.0 Å and 2.7 Å for the murine and human fibril, respectively. The two fibrils differ in fundamental properties, such as presence of right-hand or left-hand twisted cross-β sheets and overall fold of the fibril proteins. Yet, both proteins adopt highly similar β-arch conformations within the N-terminal ~21 residues. Our data demonstrate the importance of the fibril protein N-terminus for the stability of the analyzed amyloid fibril morphologies and suggest strategies of combating this disease by interfering with specific fibril polymorphs.
Bioengineered bacterial vesicles as biological nano-heaters for optoacoustic imaging
Authors: Gujrati Vipul , Prakash Jaya , Malekzadeh-Najafabadi Jaber , Stiel Andre , Klemm Uwe , Mettenleiter Gabriele , Aichler Michaela , Walch Axel , Ntziachristos Vasilis
Published: March 2019

Advances in genetic engineering have enabled the use of bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) to deliver vaccines, drugs and immunotherapy agents, as a strategy to circumvent biocompatibility and large-scale production issues associated with synthetic nanomaterials. We investigate bioengineered OMVs for contrast enhancement in optoacoustic (photoacoustic) imaging. We produce OMVs encapsulating biopolymer-melanin (OMVMel) using a bacterial strain expressing a tyrosinase transgene. Our results show that upon near-infrared light irradiation, OMVMel generates strong optoacoustic signals appropriate for imaging applications. In addition, we show that OMVMel builds up intense heat from the absorbed laser energy and mediates photothermal effects both in vitro and in vivo. Using multispectral optoacoustic tomography, we noninvasively monitor the spatio-temporal, tumour-associated OMVMel distribution in vivo. This work points to the use of bioengineered vesicles as potent alternatives to synthetic particles more commonly employed for optoacoustic imaging, with the potential to enable both image enhancement and photothermal applications.
Publisher Correction: Epigenetic silencing of Lgr5 induces senescence of intestinal epithelial organoids during the process of aging
Authors: Uchida Ryoei , Saito Yoshimasa , Nogami Kazuki , Kajiyama Yohei , Suzuki Yukana , Kawase Yasuhiro , Nakaoka Toshiaki , Muramatsu Toshihide , Kimura Masaki , Saito Hidetsugu
Published: March 2019

The original version of this Article had an incorrect Article number of 1, an incorrect Volume of 5 and an incorrect Publication year of 2019. These errors have now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Effect of Air Injection Depth on Big-bubble Formation in Lamellar Keratoplasty: an Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Yoo Young-Sik , Whang Woong-Joo , Kang Min-Ji , Hwang Je-Hyung , Byun Yong-Soo , Yoon Geunyoung , Shin Sungwon , Jung Woonggyu , Moon Sucbei , Joo Choun-Ki
Published: March 2019

This study evaluated the effect of air injection depth in the big-bubble (BB) technique, which is used for corneal tissue preparation in lamellar keratoplasty. The BB technique was performed on ex vivo human corneoscleral buttons using a depth-sensing needle, based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging technology. The needle tip, equipped with a miniaturized OCT depth-sensing probe, was inserted for air injection at a specified depth. Inside the corneal tissue, our needle obtained OCT line profiles, from which residual thickness below the needle tip was measured. Subjects were classified into Groups I, II, III, and IV based on injection depths of 75–80%, 80–85%, 85–90%, and >90% of the full corneal thickness, respectively. Both Type I and II BBs were produced when the mean residual thicknesses of air injection were 109.7 ± 38.0 µm and 52.4 ± 19.2 µm, respectively. Type II BB (4/5) was dominant in group IV. Bubble burst occurred in 1/16 cases of type I BB and 3/16 cases of type II BB, respectively. Injection depth was an important factor in determining the types of BBs produced. Deeper air injection could facilitate formation of Type II BBs, with an increased risk of bubble bursts.
In situ Raman analyses of the soot oxidation reaction over nanostructured ceria-based catalysts
Authors: Sartoretti Enrico , Novara Chiara , Giorgis Fabrizio , Piumetti Marco , Bensaid Samir , Russo Nunzio , Fino Debora
Published: March 2019

To reduce the emissions of internal combustion engines, ceria-based catalysts have been widely investigated as possible alternatives to the more expensive noble metals. In the present work, a set of four different ceria-based materials was prepared via hydrothermal synthesis, studying the effect of Cu and Mn as dopants both in binary and ternary oxides. In situ Raman analyses were carried out to monitor the behaviour of defect sites throughout thermal cycles and during the soot oxidation reaction. Despite ceria doped with 5% of Cu featured the highest specific surface area, reducibility and amount of intrinsic and extrinsic defects, a poor soot oxidation activity was observed through the standard activity tests. This result was confirmed by the calculation of soot conversion curves obtained through a newly proposed procedure, starting from the Raman spectra collected during the in situ tests. Moreover, Raman analyses highlighted that new defectiveness was produced on the Cu-doped catalyst at high temperature, especially after soot conversion, while a slight increase of the defect band and a total reversibility were observed in case of the ternary oxide and pure/Mn-doped ceria, respectively. The major increment was related to the extrinsic defects component; tests carried out in different atmospheres suggested the assignment of this feature to vacancy-free sites containing oxidized doping cations. Its increase at the end of the tests can be an evidence of peroxides and superoxides deactivation on catalysts presenting excessive oxygen vacancy concentrations. Instead, ceria doped with 5% of Mn exhibited the best soot oxidation activity, thanks to an intermediate density of oxygen vacancies and to its well-defined morphology.
Monophasic transcranial constant-current versus constant-voltage stimulation of motor-evoked potentials during spinal surgery
Authors: Masuda Keisuke , Shigematsu Hideki , Tanaka Masato , Iwata Eiichiro , Yamamoto Yusuke , Kawaguchi Masahiko , Takatani Tsunenori , Kawasaki Sachiko , Tanaka Yasuhito
Published: March 2019

Constant-voltage and constant-current stimulators may be used for transcranial electrical stimulation of motor evoked potentials (TES-MEP). However, no previous report has determined whether the two monophasic stimulation methods lead to similar responses during intra-operative monitoring. We studied differences in the lateralities of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) during intra-operative spinal cord monitoring via TES-MEP using monophasic constant-current and constant-voltage stimulations. CMAPs were bilaterally recorded from the upper and lower limb muscles in 95 patients who underwent elective spine and spinal cord surgery. We used two monophasic stimulation patterns: pattern 1, right anode and left cathode; pattern 2, right cathode and left anode. There were no statistically significant differences between the right and left sides with respect to success rates, wave amplitudes, and efficiencies, with constant-voltage stimulation, however, there were statistically significant differences between the right and left sides with constant-current stimulation. In case of our stimulation condition, there were no statistically significant differences between the right and left sides with respect to CMAPs with constant-voltage stimulation; constant-current stimulation was influenced by the type of monophasic stimulation, which necessitates the switch the polarity of the stimulation to bilaterally record CMAPs.
Identification of a novel scaffold for a small molecule GPR139 receptor agonist
Authors: Nøhr Anne Cathrine , Shehata Mohamed A. , Palmer Daniel , Pokhrel Rina , Vallianou Maria , Foster Simon R. , Gentry Patrick R. , Gloriam David E. , Bräuner-Osborne Hans
Published: March 2019

GPR139 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is primarily expressed in the brain in regions known to regulate motor control and metabolism. Here, we screened a diverse 4,000 compound library in order to identify GPR139 agonists. We identified 11 initial hits in a calcium mobilization screen, including one compound, AC4, which contains a different chemical scaffold to what has previously been described for GPR139 agonists. Our mutagenesis data shows that AC4 interacts with the same hotspots in the binding site of GPR139 as those reported to interact with the reference agonists 1a and 7c. We additionally tested and validated 160 analogs in a calcium mobilization assay and found 5 compounds with improved potency compared to AC4. In total, we identified 36 GPR139 agonists with potencies in the nanomolar range (90–990 nM). The most potent compounds were confirmed as GPR139 agonists using an orthogonal ERK phosphorylation assay where they displayed a similar rank order of potency. Accordingly, we herein introduce multiple novel GPR139 agonists, including one with a novel chemical scaffold, which can be used as tools for future pharmacological and medicinal chemistry exploration of GPR139.
Determination of free and conjugated bile acids in serum of Apoe(−/−) mice fed different lingonberry fractions by UHPLC-MS
Authors: Ghaffarzadegan Tannaz , Essén Sofia , Verbrugghe Phebe , Marungruang Nittaya , Hållenius Frida Fåk , Nyman Margareta , Sandahl Margareta
Published: March 2019

Bile acids (BAs) are known to be involved in cholesterol metabolism but interactions between the diet, BA profiles, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism have not been extensively explored. In the present study, primary and secondary BAs including their glycine and taurine-conjugated forms were quantified in serum of Apoe−/− mice by protein precipitation followed by reversed phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and QTOF mass spectrometry. The mice were fed different lingonberry fractions (whole, insoluble and soluble) in a high-fat setting or cellulose in a high and low-fat setting. Serum concentrations of BAs in mice fed cellulose were higher with the high-fat diet compared to the low-fat diet (20–70%). Among the lingonberry diets, the diet containing whole lingonberries had the highest concentration of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid (T-UDCA), α and ω-muricholic acids (MCA) and tauro-α-MCA (T-α-MCA), and the lowest concentration of tauro-cholic acid (T-CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA) and tauro-deoxycholic acid (T-DCA). The glycine-conjugated BAs were very similar with all diets. CDCA, UDCA and α-MCA correlated positively with Bifidobacterium and Prevotella, and T-UDCA, T-α-MCA and ω-MCA with Bacteroides and Parabacteroides.
Inhibition of parasite invasion by monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor-like domain of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 paralog
Authors: Han Jin-Hee , Cheng Yang , Muh Fauzi , Ahmed Md Atique , Cho Jee-Sun , Nyunt Myat Htut , Jeon Hye-Yoon , Ha Kwon-Soo , Na Sunghun , Park Won Sun , Hong Seok-Ho , Shin Ho-Joon , Russell Bruce , Han Eun-Taek
Published: March 2019

The Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 paralog (PvMSP1P), which has epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains, was identified as a novel erythrocyte adhesive molecule. This EGF-like domain (PvMSP1P-19) elicited high level of acquired immune response in patients. Antibodies against PvMSP1P significantly reduced erythrocyte adhesion activity to its unknown receptor. To determine PvMSP1P-19-specific antibody function and B-cell epitopes in vivax patients, five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and 18-mer peptides were generated. The mAb functions were determined by erythrocyte-binding inhibition assay and invasion inhibition assay with P. knowlesi. B-cell epitopes of PvMSP1P-19 domains were evaluated by peptide microarray. The pvmsp1p-19 sequences showed limited polymorphism in P. vivax worldwide isolates. The 1BH9-A10 showed erythrocyte binding inhibitory by interaction with the N-terminus of PvMSP1P-19, while this mAb failed to recognize PkMSP1P-19 suggesting the species-specific for P. vivax. Other mAbs showed cross-reactivity with PkMSP1P-19. Among them, the 2AF4-A2 and 2AF4-A6 mAb significantly reduced parasite invasion through C-terminal recognition. The linear B-cell epitope in naturally exposed P. vivax patient was identified at three linear epitopes. In this study, PvMSP1P-19 N-terminal-specific 1BH9-A10 and C-terminal-specific 2AF4 mAbs showed functional activity for epitope recognition suggesting that PvMSP1P may be useful for vaccine development strategy for specific single epitope to prevent P. vivax invasion.
Resting-state brain information flow predicts cognitive flexibility in humans
Authors: Chén Oliver Y. , Cao Hengyi , Reinen Jenna M. , Qian Tianchen , Gou Jiangtao , Phan Huy , De Vos Maarten , Cannon Tyrone D.
Published: March 2019

The human brain is a dynamic system, where communication between spatially distinct areas facilitates complex cognitive functions and behaviors. How information transfers between brain regions and how it gives rise to human cognition, however, are unclear. In this article, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 783 healthy adults in the Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset, we map the brain’s directed information flow architecture through a Granger-Geweke causality prism. We demonstrate that the information flow profiles in the general population primarily involve local exchanges within specialized functional systems, long-distance exchanges from the dorsal brain to the ventral brain, and top-down exchanges from the higher-order systems to the primary systems. Using an information flow map discovered from 550 subjects, the individual directed information flow profiles can significantly predict cognitive flexibility scores in 233 novel individuals. Our results provide evidence for directed information network architecture in the cerebral cortex, and suggest that features of the information flow configuration during rest underpin cognitive ability in humans.
Intensity of Nosema ceranae infection is associated with specific honey bee gut bacteria and weakly associated with gut microbiome structure
Authors: Rubanov Andrey , Russell Kaleigh A. , Rothman Jason A. , Nieh James C. , McFrederick Quinn S.
Published: March 2019

The honey bee, Apis mellifera, pollinates a wide variety of essential crops in numerous ecosystems around the world but faces many modern challenges. Among these, the microsporidian pathogen Nosema ceranae is one of the primary detriments to honey bee health. Nosema infects the honey bee gut, which harbors a highly specific, coevolved microbiota heavily involved in bee immune function and nutrition. Here, we extend previous work investigating interactions between the honey bee gut microbiome and N. ceranae by studying experimentally infected bees that were returned to their colonies and sampled 5, 10, and 21 days post-infection. We measured Nosema load with quantitative PCR and characterized microbiota with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We found significant colony level variation in infection levels, and subtle differences between the microbiota of colonies with high infection levels versus those with low infection levels. Two exact sequence variants of Gilliamella, a core gut symbiont that has previously been associated with gut dysbiosis, were significantly more abundant in bees from colonies with high Nosema loads versus those with low Nosema loads. These bacteria deserve further study to determine if they facilitate more intense infection by Nosema ceranae.
Individual differences in EPA and DHA content of Atlantic salmon are associated with gene expression of key metabolic processes
Authors: Horn Siri S. , Sonesson Anna K. , Krasnov Aleksei , Moghadam Hooman , Hillestad Borghild , Meuwissen Theo H. E. , Ruyter Bente
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to explore how individual differences in content of the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA in skeletal muscle of slaughter-sized Atlantic salmon, are associated with expression of genes involved in key metabolic processes. All experimental fish were fed the same diet throughout life and fasted for 14 days prior to slaughter. Still, there were relatively large individual variations in EPA and DHA content of skeletal muscle. Higher DHA content was concurrent with increased expression of genes of the glycolytic pathway and the production of pyruvate and lactate, whereas EPA was associated with increased expression of pentose phosphate pathway and glycogen breakdown genes. Furthermore, EPA, but not DHA, was associated with expression of genes involved in insulin signaling. Expression of genes specific for skeletal muscle function were positively associated with both EPA and DHA. EPA and DHA were also associated with expression of genes related to eicosanoid and resolvin production. EPA was negatively associated with expression of genes involved in lipid catabolism. Thus, a possible reason why some individuals have a higher level of EPA in the skeletal muscle is that they deposit - rather than oxidize - EPA for energy.
Conservation of the Amyloid Interactome Across Diverse Fibrillar Structures
Authors: Juhl Dennis Wilkens , Risør Michael Wulff , Scavenius Carsten , Rasmussen Casper Bøjer , Otzen Daniel , Nielsen Niels Chr. , Enghild Jan J.
Published: March 2019

Several human proteins cause disease by misfolding and aggregating into amyloid fibril deposits affecting the surrounding tissues. Multiple other proteins co-associate with the diseased deposits but little is known about how this association is influenced by the nature of the amyloid aggregate and the properties of the amyloid-forming protein. In this study, we investigated the co-aggregation of plasma and cerebrospinal proteins in the presence of pre-formed amyloid fibrils. We evaluated the fibril-associated proteome across multiple amyloid fibril types that differ in their amino acid sequences, ultrastructural morphologies, and recognition by amyloid-binding dyes. The fibril types included aggregates formed by Amyloid β, α-synuclein, and FAS4 that are associated with pathological disorders, and aggregates formed by the glucagon and C-36 peptides, currently not linked to any human disease. Our results highlighted a highly similar response to the amyloid fold within the body fluid of interest. Fibrils with diverse primary sequences and ultrastructural morphologies only differed slightly in the composition of the co-aggregated proteins but were clearly distinct from less fibrillar and amorphous aggregates. The type of body fluid greatly affected the resulting amyloid interactome, underlining the role of the in vivo environment. We conclude that protein fibrils lead to a specific response in protein co-aggregation and discuss the effects hereof in the context of amyloid deposition.
Comparisons suggest more efforts are required to parameterize wind flow around shrub vegetation elements for predicting aeolian flux
Authors: Fu Lin-Tao
Published: March 2019

Upon interacting with the atmosphere, vegetation could alter the wind distribution and consequently the erodibility of nearby region. The parameterization of wind distribution around vegetation is crucial for the prediction of surface aeolian flux. This paper compared the performances of existing empirical distribution models in the estimation of aeolian flux for shrub vegetation, focusing on distribution pattern and vegetation porosity (main parameter of distribution function). Predicted dust fluxes directly entrained by air flow show weak sensitivity to both distribution pattern and porosity in the case of low vegetation density, which suggests some aspects in dust forecast models might be simplified. However, both distribution pattern and porosity show significant effect on sand saltation transport rate in the lee of vegetation element and, consequently, on the formation and evolution of surface aeolian landforms. The contribution of dust fluxes released in wind increase zone to the total emission by using current parameterizations increases with both the decrease of wind speed and the increase of vegetation density. Nevertheless, the parameterization of wind increase zone needs to be validated and improved by further experimental and numerical investigations.
Comparison of the functional properties of trimeric and monomeric CaiT of Escherichia coli
Authors: Bracher Susanne , Hilger Daniel , Guérin Kamila , Polyhach Yevhen , Jeschke Gunnar , Krafczyk Ralph , Giacomelli Giacomo , Jung Heinrich
Published: March 2019

Secondary transporters exist as monomers, dimers or higher state oligomers. The significance of the oligomeric state is only partially understood. Here, the significance of the trimeric state of the L-carnitine/γ-butyrobetaine antiporter CaiT ofEscherichia coliwas investigated. Amino acids important for trimer stability were identified and experimentally verified. Among others, CaiT-D288A and -D288R proved to be mostly monomeric in detergent solution and after reconstitution into proteoliposomes, as shown by blue native gel electrophoresis, gel filtration, and determination of intermolecular distances. CaiT-D288A was fully functional with kinetic parameters similar to the trimeric wild-type. Significant differences in amount and stability in the cell membrane between monomeric and trimeric CaiT were not observed. Contrary to trimeric CaiT, addition of substrate had no or only a minor effect on the tryptophan fluorescence of monomeric CaiT. The results suggest that physical contacts between protomers are important for the substrate-induced changes in protein fluorescence and the underlying conformational alterations.
Protective effect of prebiotic and exercise intervention on knee health in a rat model of diet-induced obesity
Authors: Rios Jaqueline Lourdes , Bomhof Marc R. , Reimer Raylene A. , Hart David A. , Collins Kelsey H. , Herzog Walter
Published: March 2019

Obesity, and associated metabolic syndrome, have been identified as primary risk factors for the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA), representing nearly 60% of the OA patient population. In this study, we sought to determine the effects of prebiotic fibre supplementation, aerobic exercise, and the combination of the two interventions, on the development of metabolic knee osteoarthritis in a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) diet-induced rat model of obesity. Twelve-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups: a non-exercising control group fed a standard chow diet, a non-exercising group fed a HFS diet, a non-exercising group fed a HFS diet combined with prebiotic fibre supplement, an exercise group fed a HFS diet, and an exercise group fed a HFS diet combined with prebiotic fibre supplement. Outcome measures included knee joint damage, percent body fat, insulin sensitivity, serum lipid profile, serum endotoxin, serum and synovial fluid cytokines and adipokines, and cecal microbiota. Prebiotic fibre supplementation, aerobic exercise, and the combination of the two interventions completely prevented knee joint damage that is otherwise observed in this rat model of obesity. Prevention of knee damage was associated with a normalization of insulin resistance, leptin levels, dyslipidemia, gut microbiota, and endotoxemia in the HFS-fed rats.
Building digital innovation capacity at a large academic medical center
Authors: Mann Devin M. , Chokshi Sara Kuppin , Lebwohl Rachel , Mainiero Michael , Dinh-Le Catherine , Driscoll Katherine , Robinson Steven , Egger Helen
Published: March 2019

Academic medical centers (AMCs) today prioritize digital innovation. In efforts to develop and disseminate the best technology for their institutions, challenges arise in organizational structure, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and creative and agile problem solving that are essential for successful implementation. To address these challenges, the Digital DesignLab was created at NYU Langone Health to provide structured processes for assessing and supporting the capacity for innovative digital development in our research and clinical community. Digital DesignLab is an enterprise level, multidisciplinary, digital development team that guides faculty and student innovators through a digital development “pipeline”, which consists of intake, discovery, bootcamp, development. It also provides a framework for digital health innovation and dissemination at the institution. This paper describes the Digital DesignLab’s creation and processes, and highlights key lessons learned to support digital health innovation at AMCs.
Neural network force fields for simple metals and semiconductors: construction and application to the calculation of phonons and melting temperatures
Authors: Marques Mário R. G. , Wolff Jakob , Steigemann Conrad , Marques Miguel A. L.
Published: March 2019

We present a practical procedure to obtain reliable and unbiased neural network based force fields for solids.
The dielectric constant of a bilayer graphene interface
Authors: Bessler Ron , Duerig Urs , Koren Elad
Published: March 2019

The interlayer relative dielectric constant, εr, of 2-dimensional (2D) materials in general and graphitic materials in particular is one of their most important physical properties, especially for electronic applications. In this work, we study the electromechanical actuation of nanoscale graphitic contacts.
A concerted addition mechanism in [Hmim]Br-triggered thiol–ene reactions: a typical “ionic liquid effect” revealed by DFT and experimental studies
Authors: Feng Lin , Ye Renlong , Yuan Tao , Zhang Xiao , Lu Guo-ping , Zhou Baojing
Published: March 2019

The π+–π and H-bond interactions between [Hmim]Br and substrates promote a special one-step addition mechanism in thiol–ene reactions.
A direct comparison of monomeric vs. dimeric and non-annulated vs. N-annulated perylene diimide electron acceptors for organic photovoltaics
Authors: Nazari Maryam , Cieplechowicz Edward , Welsh Thomas A. , Welch Gregory C.
Published: March 2019

A systematic structure–property-function evaluation of four structurally related organic photoactive materials based on the perylene diimide chromophore.
Fabrication of an amine-modified ZIF-8@GO membrane for high-efficiency adsorption of copper ions
Authors: Wei Ning , Zheng Xudong , Ou Hongxiang , Yu Peilin , Li Qiao , Feng Shanshan
Published: March 2019

Metal–organic framework (MOF) materials are a class of hybrid organic–inorganic supramolecular materials.
Non-scrambling of hydrogen in NH4+(H2O)3 clusters
Authors: Hansen K. , Sundén A. E. K. , Støchkel K. , Nielsen S. Brøndsted , Dynefors B.
Published: March 2019

We have measured the metastable decay of protonated, ammonia-doped, deuterated water clusters produced in an electrospray source, dn-NH4+(H2O)3, n = 0–6.
The role of structural order and stiffness in the simultaneous enhancement of optical contrast and thermal stability in phase change materials
Authors: Li Qian , Xu Kaicheng , Wang Xiaoyi , Huang Haihua , Ma Liang , Bi Chaobin , Yang Zhongbo , Li Yuankai , Zhao Yi , Fan Shihao , Liu Jie , Hu Chaoquan
Published: March 2019

In the past several years, phase change materials (PCMs) have been widely applied in energy-saving non-volatile photonic devices, such as active perfect absorbers, nanopixel displays and all-photonic memories.
A facile signal-on electrochemical DNA sensing platform for ultrasensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria based on Exo III-assisted autonomous multiple-cycle amplification
Authors: Pei Qianqian , Song Xiaolei , Liu Su , Wang Jingfeng , Leng Xueqi , Cui Xuejun , Yu Jinghua , Wang Yu , Huang Jiadong
Published: March 2019

A facile signal-on electrochemical DNA biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria based on Exo III-assisted autonomous multiple-cycle amplification.
A near-infrared fluorescent probe for evaluating endogenous hydrogen peroxide during ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Xu Runfeng , Wang Yue , You Huiyan , Zhang Liangwei , Wang Yunqing , Chen Lingxin
Published: March 2019

A fluorescent probe, Cy-ArB, is developed for real-time monitoring of H2O2fluctuations in cells andin vivoduring ischemia/reperfusion processes.
Development and validation of a novel fluorescence method via sequential injection analysis to determine formaldehyde in drinking water
Authors: Nájera-Estebanjuan Gabriela , Carrillo-Cedillo Eugenia Gabriela , Cañizares-Macías Maríadel Pilar
Published: March 2019

Herein, a new method for the determination of formaldehyde in drinking water was proposed by sequential injection analysis using a fluorescent filter detector.
A poly(amidoamine) nanoparticle cross-linked two-dimensional metal–organic framework nanosheet membrane for water purification
Authors: Peng Yuan , Yao Rui , Yang Weishen
Published: March 2019

Metal–organic framework nanosheet membrane cross-linked with dendrimers exhibited an excellent anti-swelling capacity and a remarkable separation performance for dye removal application.
Asymmetric synthesis of 1-substituted 2-azaspiro[3.3]heptanes: important motifs for modern drug discovery
Authors: Reddy Leleti Rajender , Waman Yogesh , Kallure Priya , Nalivela Kumara Swamy , Begum Zubeda , Divya Thumbar , Kotturi Sharadsrikar
Published: March 2019

Highly diastereoselective addition of ethyl cyclobutanecarboxylate anions to Davis–Ellman's imines is reported. This methodology affords the preparation of enantiomerically and diastereomerically pure 1-substituted 2-azaspiro[3.3]heptanes, 1-substituted 2-azaspiro[3.4]octane and 1-substituted 2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane.
Solar-light-driven photocatalytic production of peroxydisulfate over noble-metal loaded WO3
Authors: Huang Zeai , Miseki Yugo , Sayama Kazuhiro
Published: March 2019

The high-value-added chemical reagent peroxydisulfate (S2O82−) was produced photocatalytically over noble-metal loaded WO3 powder suspensions in aqueous H2SO4 under flowing O2 and simulated solar light irradiation.