bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethno-demographic transformations of the early 1940s in the Akmola region (according to archival documents)
Authors:   Kokshetau University named after A. Myrzakhmetova, A.K. Kapyshev , B.T. Tuleuova ,   Karaganda University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, S.E. Nurlanova ,   National Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan, I.R. Prokhorov ,   Republican newspaper "Kazakhstanskaya Pravda", A.I. Svinarchuk ,   Kokshetau University named after A. Myrzakhmetova
Published: October 2023

The article discusses the features of the ethno-demographic development of the Akmola region in the early 1940s. Based on the study of archival material, an attempt was made to analyze the planned resettlement in the Akmola region of residents of land-poor areas of the former USSR (mainly from the European part of Russia and Ukraine) to land-rich regions of the country, including the north-eastern regions of Kazakhstan. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that for the first time it outlines the features and results of the policy of planned resettlement of peasants - volunteers from Ukraine and Russia to the Akmola region in 1940-1941; evacuation routes, their locations are shown; a specific analysis of the ethno-demographic indicators of the region and their changes were carried out. The authors note that due to the extremely difficult demographic situation in Kazakhstan over the previous decade of 1928-1938, there was a sharp and significant decrease in the number of the Kazakh population, caused by collectivization, famine, mass migration from Kazakhstan accompanying these processes. The government of the republic saw a way out of the situation in the resettlement of representatives of other peoples of the Soviet Union to Kazakhstan, they submitted this initiative for consideration to the top leadership of the USSR. The authorities of the USSR decided to satisfy this initiative. However, the settlers had numerous difficulties associated with the poor organization of resettlement, the unwillingness of local collective farms and party - Soviet bodies to accept labor migrants. Thus, the “first virgin lands” – the beginning of the 1940s, did not achieve their goals. Volunteer migrants who came to Kazakhstan from the European part of Russia and Ukraine of those years often found themselves in distress. Nevertheless, voluntary migrants influenced the change in the ethno-demographic appearance of the Akmola region
Dynamics of the ethnic composition of the East Kazakhstan region in the second half of the XX century
Authors:   S. East Kazakhstan University named after Amanzholov, N.А. Makhmetova , Zh.S. Aubakirova ,   S. East Kazakhstan University named after Amanzholov
Published: October 2023

The article analyzes the dynamics of changes in the ethnic composition of the East Kazakhstan region. The study used statistical data of current statistics and the results of the 1959 and 1989 population censuses. A detailed description is given of the two dominant nationalities of the region: Kazakh and Russian nationalities (share, urban and rural population, proportion of men and women). In the middle of the 20th century, Russian nationality prevailed, then by the end of the 20th century, the number of Russian nationality decreased and the number of Kazakh nationality increased. Migration had a strong influence on the ethnic structure of the population of the region, since the mass migration of Russians, Germans, the arrival of the Kazakhs led to the formation of a new proportion, so the Kazakh population began to return to the first place, and the Russians took second place. The relevance of the article lies in the study of the influence of the dynamics of ethnic composition on the demographic situation of the region in the 1950s-1980s. The foundations of demographic processes in modern Kazakhstan were formed in this thirtieth anniversary. Summing up the study of the settlement of the population of East Kazakhstan based on the censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979 and 1989, the most pronounced main positive and negative demographic processes had a great impact on the national composition of the region. And this, in turn, is a vivid manifestation of the demographic development of the East Kazakhstan region
Measures to collectivize agriculture in Kazakhstan: history and experience (20–30s of the 20th century)
Authors:   L.N. Gumiliyov Eurasian National University, S.T. Nabiyev , T.S. Sadykov ,   L.N. Gumiliyov Eurasian National University, Zh.O. Khasenova
Published: October 2023

This scientific article outlines and provides a scientific assessment of the purpose, course and consequences of Stalin's totalitarian power of the 20-30s in the Soviet Union, including in Kazakhstan, the elimination of the large rich and medium rich people in Kazakh agriculture as a class, collectivization of the economy in accordance with the requirements of barracks socialism.
Letters of the Kazakh khans of the XVII – XIX centuries and the role of Chagatay languge in diplomatic correspondence
Authors:   South Kazakhstan State Pedagogical University, A.D. Baishuakova , G.D. Sugirbayeva ,   South Kazakhstan State Pedagogical University
Published: October 2023

In the international relations of the Kazakh Khanate of the XVII-XIX centuries, the main diplomatic source were the letters of the Kazakh khans and sultans. The famous historian I.V. Yerofeyeva made a great contribution to the issue of a comprehensive study of the letters of the ruling elite of Kazakh society and their introduction into scientific circulation. For the historian-researcher, the letters of the khans and sultans are a valuable source, since they contain reliable historical information about the domestic and foreign policy situation in the Kazakh Khanate. The scientific article based on the two-volume fundamental research “Epistolary heritage of the Kazakh ruling elite of 1675-1821” published under the leadership of I.V. Yerofeyeva in 2014 examines the letters of khans and sultans, describes the features of the rule of the Kazakh ruling elite. The article also pays considerable attention to the issues of the Chagatai language, which served and was widely used in the diplomatic seice during the historical period under consideration. In the XVI-XIX centuries, the khans’ and sultans’ letters were mainly written in the literary Chagatay or Central Asian Turkic language. The Chagatay language served as a business language in the steppe khanates and was widely used in diplomatic correspondence with the monarchs of neighboring countries.
The solution by the authorities of the Russian Empire of the “Muslim question” among the Kazakhs
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.Y. Bykov
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the evolution of the imperial Russian government and regional policy on the so-called Muslim issue among the Kazakhs. An attempt was made to periodize from the rejection of Kazakh Islam, to its use as a tool for incorporating Kazakhs into imperial structures with the help of, first of all, Tatar mullahs and specially created bodies, primarily the muftiate, to the emergence of two parallel lines in the policy of the Orenburg and West Siberian authorities to wary attitude on the part of the government, which noticed in Kazakh Islam elements of politicization and the threat of the development of separatist tendencies. At the same time, issues of education using elements of Islamic education, expanding the penetration of Islam into the Kazakh environment by changing the number of cultists, and attempts by the authorities to use Islamic institutions as official positions in the grassroots colonial administration are considered. The issues of the evolution of the perception of Kazakh and Central Asian Islam by the administration, travelers, researchers are also considered; as well as the perception of the ongoing reforms by the Kazakhs. The evolution of the political process is considered in connection with other administrative reforms of Russia in the Kazakh steppe and among the Muslims of the empire, the place and role of this issue in colonial policy at various stages are determined. It also analyzes the correction of the position of the Russian authorities, depending on the change in the foreign policy situation and changes in the boundaries of possessions. The source complex was made up of published and archival documents and materials from the repositories of Russia, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, a number of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
History and politics of transformation of the economic sanctions in modern international relations: from a mechanism of coercion to an instrument of global governance (on the example of the US sanctions policy towards China)
Authors:   L.N. Gumiliyov Eurasian National University, A.Zh. Turkhanova , A.U. Issayeva ,   L.N. Gumiliyov Eurasian National University, A.K. Bazarbay
Published: October 2023

Today, there is a transformation (change) in the understanding of economic sanctions in international politics. If earlier, economic sanctions had only a negative color and were understood as an instrument of coercion or manipulation, now with the advent of the phenomenon of global governance, economic sanctions have acquired a different, somewhat positive meaning, namely, an instrument of global governance. It is known that economic sanctions are used as a management tool in US foreign policy that helps in the realization of the national interests of the state. The article discusses the goals and objectives of the US government when using economic sanctions against the Chinese government. In this connection, the authors decided to conduct a Mapping analysis of the main goals and objectives of the US government to identify the effectiveness of the use of economic sanctions in global governance and the conduct of foreign policy by the country, using the example of US foreign policy actions
AD-RED: A new variant of random early detection AQM algorithm
Authors: Hassan Samuel O.
Published: October 2023

Intensive continuing research has been noticed among scholars in the literature with a particular appreciable interest in developing new enhanced variants for the long-standing Random Early Detection (RED) algorithm. Contemporary trends shows that researchers continue to follow a research line thereby exchanging the linear curve needed in RED with nonlinear curves. Several reports have shown that RED’s sole linear function is insufficiently powered for managing rising degrees of traffic congestion in the network. In this paper, Amended Dropping – Random Early Detection (AD-RED), a revised version of RED is presented. AD-RED algorithm consists in combining two nonlinear packet dropping functions: quadratic plus exponential. What’s more, results from ns-3 simulator shows that AD-RED reasonably stabilized and minified the (average) queue size; and obtained a whittled down end-to-end delay when compared with RED itself and another variant of RED. Hence, AD-RED is offered as a fully sufficient replacement for RED’s algorithm implementation in routers.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Psychotic Features and Their Clinical Correlates in Early Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Pachi Ioanna , Papadopoulos Vassilis , Koros Christos , Simitsi Athina Maria , Bougea Anastasia , Bozi Maria , Papagiannakis Nikos , Soldatos Rigas Filippos , Kolovou Dimitra , Pantes George , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Paraskevas Georgios , Voumvourakis Konstantinos , Papageorgiou Sokratis G. , Kollias Konstantinos , Stefanis Nikos , Stefanis Leonidas
Published: October 2023

Background:

Some reports suggest that psychotic features may occur in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but sensitive tools have not been utilized.

Objective:

The aim was to evaluate the presence of psychotic symptoms using detailed scales and to assess the association with clinical characteristics.

Methods:

Healthy controls and patients within three years of PD onset were recruited. Participants were examined for psychotic symptoms using two different instruments: the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS) and a 10 question PD specific psychosis severity scale (10PDQ). In the PD group, medication use, motor and non-motor symptoms were documented.

Results:

Based on CAARMS and 10PDQ scales, psychotic features were present in 39% (27/70) of patients and 4% (3/74) of controls. The prevalence of passage hallucinations and illusions was significantly higher in PD compared to the control group. The presence of PD-associated psychotic features was not significantly affected by medication, motor severity or global cognitive status. Higher prevalence of overall non-motor manifestations, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and depressive symptoms was significantly associated with the manifestation of psychotic features in PD [(adjusted OR:1.3; 95% CI:1.1-1.6; p = 0.003), (adjusted OR:1.3; 95% CI:1.0-1.6; p = 0.023), and (adjusted OR:1.2; 95% CI:1.0-1.4; p = 0.026)].

Conclusions:

Psychotic phenomena mainly of minor nature are highly common in early PD. Cumulative non-motor symptoms, RBD and depressive features are associated with the presence of psychotic symptoms in this non-demented, early-stage PD population. More studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms that contribute to the onset of psychotic features in early PD.
Fusion extracted features from deep learning for identification of multiple positioning errors in dental panoramic imaging
Authors: Su Hsin-Yueh , Hsieh Shang-Ting , Tsai Kun-Zhe , Wang Yu-Li , Wang Chi-Yuan , Hsu Shih-Yen , Liu Kuo-Ying , Huang Yung-Hui , Wei Ya-Wen , Lu Nan-Han , Chen Tai-Been
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Dental panoramic imaging plays a pivotal role in dentistry for diagnosis and treatment planning. However, correctly positioning patients can be challenging for technicians due to the complexity of the imaging equipment and variations in patient anatomy, leading to positioning errors. These errors can compromise image quality and potentially result in misdiagnoses.

OBJECTIVE:

This research aims to develop and validate a deep learning model capable of accurately and efficiently identifying multiple positioning errors in dental panoramic imaging.

METHODS AND MATERIALS:

This retrospective study used 552 panoramic images selected from a hospital Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). We defined six types of errors (E1-E6) namely, (1) slumped position, (2) chin tipped low, (3) open lip, (4) head turned to one side, (5) head tilted to one side, and (6) tongue against the palate. First, six Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models were employed to extract image features, which were then fused using transfer learning. Next, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) was applied to create a classifier for multiple positioning errors, using the fused image features. Finally, the classifier performance was evaluated using 3 indices of precision, recall rate, and accuracy.

RESULTS:

Experimental results show that the fusion of image features with six binary SVM classifiers yielded high accuracy, recall rates, and precision. Specifically, the classifier achieved an accuracy of 0.832 for identifying multiple positioning errors.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study demonstrates that six SVM classifiers effectively identify multiple positioning errors in dental panoramic imaging. The fusion of extracted image features and the employment of SVM classifiers improve diagnostic precision, suggesting potential enhancements in dental imaging efficiency and diagnostic accuracy. Future research should consider larger datasets and explore real-time clinical application.
A novel fusion method for X-ray phase contrast imaging based on fast adaptive bidimensional empirical mode decomposition
Authors: Tian Zonghan , Tao Siwei , Bai Ling , Xu Yueshu , Liu Xu , Kuang Cuifang
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUNDS:

X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) can separate the attenuation, refraction, and scattering signals of the object. The application of image fusion enables the concentration of distinctive information into a single image. Some methods have been applied in XPCI field, but wavelet-based decomposition approaches often result in loss of original data.

OBJECTIVE:

To explore the application value of a novel image fusion method for XPCI system and computed tomography (CT) system.

METHODS:

The means of fast adaptive bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (FABEMD) is considered for image decomposition to avoid unnecessary information loss. A parameter δ is proposed to guide the fusion of bidimensional intrinsic mode functions which contain high-frequency information, using a pulse coupled neural network with morphological gradients (MGPCNN). The residual images are fused by the energy attribute fusion strategy. Image preprocessing and enhancement are performed on the result to ensure its quality. The effectiveness of other image fusion methods has been compared, such as discrete wavelet transforms and anisotropic diffusion fusion.

RESULTS:

The δ-guided FABEMD-MGPCNN method achieved either the first or second position in objective evaluation metrics with biological samples, as compared to other image fusion methods. Moreover, comparisons are made with other fusion methods used for XPCI. Finally, the proposed method applied in CT show expected results to retain the feature information.

CONCLUSIONS:

The proposed δ-guided FABEMD-MGPCNN method shows potential feasibility and superiority over traditional and recent image fusion methods for X-ray differential phase contrast imaging and computed tomography systems.
Application of radiomics based on chest CT-enhanced dual-phase imaging in the immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ma Ze-Peng , Li Xiao-Lei , Gao Kai , Zhang Tian-Le , Wang Heng-Di , Zhao Yong-Xia
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE:

To explore the value of applying computed tomography (CT) radiomics based on different CT-enhanced phases to determine the immunotherapeutic efficacy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS:

106 patients with NSCLC who underwent immunotherapy are randomly divided into training (74) and validation (32) groups. CT-enhanced arterial and venous phase images of patients before treatment are collected. Region-of-interest (ROI) is segmented on the CT-enhanced images, and the radiomic features are extracted. One-way analysis of variance and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) are used to screen the optimal radiomics features and analyze the association between radiomics features and immunotherapy efficacy. The area under receiver-operated characteristic curves (AUC) along with the sensitivity and specificity are computed to evaluate diagnostic effectiveness.

RESULTS:

LASSO regression analysis screens and selects 6 and 8 optimal features in the arterial and venous phases images, respectively. Applying to the training group, AUCs based on CT-enhanced arterial and venous phase images are 0.867 (95% CI:0.82–0.94) and 0.880 (95% CI:0.86–0.91) with the sensitivities of 73.91% and 76.19%, and specificities of 66.67% and 72.19%, respectively, while in validation group, AUCs of the arterial and venous phase images are 0.732 (95% CI:0.71–0.78) and 0.832 (95% CI:0.78–0.91) with sensitivities of 75.00% and 76.00%, and specificities of 73.07% and 75.00%, respectively. There are no significant differences between AUC values computed from arterial phases and venous phases images in both training and validation groups ( P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

The optimally selected radiomics features computed from CT-enhanced different-phase images can provide new imaging marks to evaluate efficacy of the targeted therapy in NSCLC with a high diagnostic value.
Etiology and pathogenesis of megacolon in children
Authors: Levin Michael
Published: October 2023

The definition of "Megacolon" is still subjective since the methods of determination are not based on reliable limits of the norm. The literature review consists of three parts. The first part for analysis, a method was selected that allows to differentiate 3 degrees of megacolon, regardless of age. The second part analyzes children from 1 to 6 years of ag, in whom an involuntary delay in defecation leads to overflow of the rectum and, with a subsequent painful attempt at defecation, to a conscious delay. Thus, a vicious circle arises, because of which a functional megacolon (FM) develops. The obstructive nature of FM has been proven, and two variants of its pathogenesis. The third part consisted of patients with ARM. The cause of megacolon is a sharp narrowing of the ectopic anus. The dissection of the stenotic ring in patients with visible fistulas can completely prevent the development of megacolon. After the cutback procedure, boys with perineal fistulas do not experience fecal incontinence, and mild constipation resolves with time. After pull-through surgery, regardless of access, there is severe constipation with megacolon and/or fecal incontinence. In these cases, the violation of fecal retention and defecation is due to the destruction of the ectopic anal canal, without which these functions cannot be restored. A method for determining megacolon and anal canal function in children of different ages is described. This made it possible to establish that acquired megacolon is always of an obstructive nature, either over constriction or because of a dysfunction of the anal canal.
Quantum Cosmology: Cosmology directly linked to the Planck Scale in General Relativity Theory and Newton Gravity
Authors: Haug Prof. Espen Gaarder
Published: October 2023

We will in this paper demonstrate that there is a link between cosmology and the Planck scale. It has in recent years been shown that the Planck length can be found totally independent on \(G\), \(\hbar\) and \(c\) and that a series of cosmological predictions can be predicted only from two constants, namely the Planck length and the speed of gravity. The speed of gravity can be easily found without knowledge of the speed of light. This gives a new perspective on cosmology and shows there is a link between the Planck scale and cosmology. This is fully consistent with a recent quantization of general relativity theory that links general relativity to the Compton frequency and the Planck scale. We look at both the Friedmann cosmology and the recently introduced cosmology based on the extremal solution of the Reissner-Nordstrom, Kerr and Kerr-Newman metric.
Introduction to George’s paper Labour, Instrumental Action and the Ways of Human Existence: Towards an “Ecological” Reconstruction of Historical Materialism
Authors: Grumley John
Published: October 2023

This paper will discuss the main ideas in this great lecture first delivered at a conference in New York in the middle of the 1990’s. In this paper Márkus used some key ideas of the late historian Marx to critique both the technicist reading his own early Labour theory of value of the works of _Das Kapital_to the _Grundrisse_ and those of Habermas, including also his later shift to a communicative paradigm of language that Márkus maintains remained too rationalistic and not sufficiently social and historical. In the later sections of this paper, I will discuss the main ideas of Márkus’s late unfinished papers and writings towards a modern theory of high culture, including the pragmatics of the disciplines of science, literature and philosophy. In doing so, I will elaborate and assess the main areas of the theory. They are: 1) Base and Superstructure. 2) Ideology. 3) Later Foucault. 4) Conclusion. Finally, I will assess the living contemporary political and cultural significance Márkus’s later lecture and related incomplete theory of autonomous High Culture.
Foundations of quantum mechanics revealed by the conservation laws
Authors: Oldani Richard
Published: October 2023

It is often claimed that Einstein is wrong about quantum mechanics. However, when comparisons are made with respect to theoretical foundations rather than experimental results Einstein’s theories are found to be superior. Although statistical formulations of quantum mechanics correctly describe energy and momentum exchange with remarkable accuracy there are individual cases, paradoxically, that violate the conservation laws. A recent study finds that in order to account for observed violations frames of reference involved in preparation of the initial state must be explicitly taken into account [1]. We show here that the same conclusion was arrived at in a much simpler way by Einstein over 100 years ago. Deficiencies in the foundations of non-relativistic theory are corrected by introducing Hamilton’s principle and deriving relativistic equations of motion. This allows quantum mechanical formalism in abstract space to be replaced by the superposition of particle field geometries in real space. Applying the calculus of variations to the Schrödinger wave equation reveals that the wave function is incomplete because it requires twice the allowable action minimum.
A probability-based artificial potential field for autonomous vehicles in avoiding uncertain obstacles
Authors:   Faculty of Electric-Electronics Engineering (FEEE), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Phan Minh Tam ,   Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Ho Pham Huy Anh ,   Faculty of Electric-Electronics Engineering (FEEE), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Published: October 2023

Nowadays unmanned vehicles are compulsorily required to contain a reliable collision avoidance system as to reach closer toward the target of the autonomous vehicle (AV). Up to now lots of obstacle avoidance techniques have been introduced and successfully applied in practice. Unfortunately, in almost of these ob-stacle avoidance algorithms, the uncertainty of the input that includes obstacle tracking measurements, have not been satisfactorily investigated. This uncertainty happened from measurement approaches along with obstacles’ nonlinear locomotion. Several researches have tried to overcome this problem via detecting obsta-cles directly or indirectly based on global/local communication and/or the third party like the Automatic identification system (AIS). Inspired with these achievements, this paper aims to deal with uncertain infor-mation of obstacles resulting in from practical obstacle-avoiding techniques for autonomous vehicles. In fact, this problem is ignored in many researches by assumptions that measurements are perfect or the vehicle can fully observe the state of obstacles. A probability model is proposed to evaluate the possibility of colli-sion quantitatively based on the current position of the vehicle and the probability distribution of obstacles’ position. This probability model is then applied to design a new repulsive function. Hence, the resulting arti-ficial potential field can avoid uncertain obstacles by maneuvering the vehicle in the direction of decreasing collision risk. Numerical simulations are carried out to verify the proposed collision avoidance model, and the simulation results show that the proposed method can help autonomous vehicles to efficiently pass obsta-cles safely with uncertain information. As a consequent, the proposed algorithm can guide the autonomous vehicle (AV) to effectively and safely pass static and dynamic obstacles with respect to uncertain infor-mation. Further research can focus on dynamic obstacles which will be investigated via integrating the speed variable into the considered probability model.
The history of the creation of the museum-reserve «Bozok»
Authors:   L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kalymzhanovna Khabdulina Maral
Published: October 2023

In 2018, a decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the establishment of the State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve «Bozok» in the structure of the Ministry of Culture and Sports was issued. The road to this event took 20 years. The idea of preserving the archaeological site and creating a Museum-Reserve on its basis came from its first researcher K.A. Akishev. Bozok is a unique monument of historical and cultural heritage on the territory of Central Kazakhstan. The history of its discovery and exploration involved a chain of significant circumstances. It could not have been opened earlier, although it has existed for more than a thousand years. Bozok is a kind of message received at a special symbolic moment of the turn of the millennium, which coincided with remarkable events: independence, the transition to a new phase of state building, the establishment of the capital in a new place. All these significant circumstances were confirmed by the discovery of the deep historicity and significance of the Kazakh steppe as the center of the Eurasian continent. It turns out that historical events of a political and creative nature took place here, that there was an accumulation and development of new cultural and technological achievements that influenced the ethno-genesis of the Kazakhs, which formed the genetic code and mentality of the Kazakh ethnos. In ancient times, in the history of the steppe space, there were significant periods of awakening, invention and spread of innovations in the vast areas of the ecosystem of the Ancient East, Central Asia. The article deals with a brief history of the discovery and exploration of the mediaeval settlement of Bozok. The first results of archaeological research have shown the importance of this historical monument. Its origin dates back to the ancient Turkic era of the 7th – 8th century. The archaeological site of Bozok serves as a confirmation of the ethno-genetic memory of the ancient Turkic-speaking population in choosing a site for urban space and shaping it in the tradition of the steppe mentality
Dictionaries as sources of information about the Tatars
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Denmukhametova Elvira , Yusupova Alfiya ,   Kazan Federal University, Mustafa Oner ,   Ege University
Published: October 2023

Language and national consciousness are the most important indicators of identity for any people and therefore require a careful attitude, both from themselves and from others. One of the treasure troves of vocabulary reflecting valuable information about a people are dictionaries. In Tatar dictionaries, the study of the history of the word from the linguistic aspect is combined with an analysis of the patterns of development of the vocabulary of the Tatar language, including literary language and dialects, technical terminology, combining the mentality of the people, intercultural ties, national life and character. Based on the linguistic material, it is possible to identify the origins and stages of the development of lexical units and to determine the chronological framework for the emergence and change of individual words or whole groups and categories of words in the Tatar language.The aim of the study is to identify lexical units that reflect the national consciousness of the Tatar people in the Tatar-Turkish and Turkish-Tatar bilingual dictionaries. Despite kinship relations and a large common Turkic lexical fund in the language, each of these peoples has its own worldview and cultural characteristics. Therefore, the results of the study can serve as a source for scientific research into the history and current state of Turkology, lexicography, lexicology and, above all, the development and enrichment of the lexical composition of the literary language in the different periods of its existence. In addition, the materials can serve to compile a thematic lexical corpus of the Tatar language, an electronic lexicographic corpus reflecting the history of the development of the Tatar word. Special courses for students of philology, Turkology and translators can be held based on the materials.
Proverbs and sayings in Sary (Yellow) Uighur language
Authors:   L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kaynarbaykyzy Yeskeyeva Magripa
Published: October 2023

Proverbs and sayings in the modern Turkic languages, which have their own way of formation, develop in close contact with the common Turkic paremiological system, which determines the directions of internal processes of disintegration of the common Turkic language system. The 70М.Қ. Ескеева Turkic Studies Journal 2 (2022) 56-71results of the study of a particular language contribute to finding solutions to problems in the Turkic language, complementing theoretical considerations, and identifying features of the common Turkic worldview. Proverbs and sayings preserved in the language of Yellow Uighurs in the assimilation process, along with the peculiarities of the ethnic worldview, contribute to revealing the features of the common Turkic worldview, clarifying the peculiarities of the development of the paremiological system of Turkic languages in general. The research study considers the meaning and features of the use of proverbs and sayings in the yellow Uighur language, which have a narrowed functional scope, in the context of the history, everyday life and traditions of the people, in the context of spiritual and cultural values. It is determined that changes in the situational use of a single paremiological meaning are also facilitated by the semantic field of dominant lexemes in proverbs and sayings. The ethno-cultural content of the Sary Uighur proverbs describing Tengrism, public and social relations, family and moral values is determined. Key lexemes in the structure of proverbs and sayings of Sary Uighur are compared with versions in the Kazakh language, structural, semantic and common features are distinguished. The Sary Uighur and Kazakh proverbs and sayings are compared, and the features of the content of paremia that characterize the common features of the Turkic peoples and the individual peculiarities of each nation are given. The research study used the materials of two field expeditions (07.2012; 09.2012) organized with the participation of the author to the settlement of the Yellow Uighurs in the Sunan region of the People’s Republic of China.
Activities of the Union of Militant Atheists in Kazakhstan in 1920-1930s
Authors:   Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Aytpaevna Alpyspaeva Galia , Zholdybekovich Bekmaganbetov  Omirbaj ,   Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Imangalievna Baigoshkarova Magrishat ,   Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University
Published: October 2023

The Union of Militant Atheists (UMA) was created as a mass voluntary public organization, which set as its goal the fight against religion in all its manifestations. The Union’s main task was considered to build effectively an organizational structure, forming regional, provincial, and district and volost councils with the aim of mass coverage of the population with anti-religious propaganda. The authors attempted to give a comprehensive analysis of the activities of the regional organizations of the Union of Atheists in Kazakhstan in 1920-1930s, to show the features of building an organizational structure, the nature and content of anti-religious propaganda. With the help of the method of discursive analysis of archival sources, the history of the formation of the regional organization of the UMA is studied, the stages of its development are indicated, and the main directions of activity, forms and methods of fighting against the religious worldview of the masses are considered.According to the results of the study, it was found that the organization and activities of the UMA in Kazakhstan were carried out in accordance with the instructions and recommendations of the central party and Soviet bodies
Results of the study of Balanda (Bulanda) fortification
Authors:   A.Kh. Margulan Institute of Archaeology, Raimkulovich Utubaev Zhanbolat , Manakhuly Yersariyev Altynbek , Kozhahmetovna Suyundikova Makpal , Daurenovna Kasenova Asemgul ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University,   A.Kh. Margulan Institute of Archaeology
Published: October 2023

The article considers the fortification of the Balanda I fortress, which is located at the ancient Syr Darya delta, where the agricultural Chirikrabat archaeological culture was widespread in the second half of the I millennium BC. Balanda Fortress is the center of a small agricultural oasis of the IV+II centuries BC, which was based on the main canal, between the channels of the Inkardarya and Zhanadarya lower reaches of the Syr Darya, as a whole. The center of the settlement and the entire oasis was the fortified manor-fortress of Balanda. During the field works of Chirikrabat expedition in 2007-2014, it was possible to identify and partially reconstruct the constructions of defense. Based on the data obtained, it is possible to distinguish at least 2 main periods of the construction of fortress walls, which, in turn, are divided into stages. The system of fortification revealed during the excavations of Balanda I seems to be quite archaic. The corners were protected by semicircular towers, which were a solid monolith of brickwork on a base-a plinth made of dense clay-pakhsa, to which a pakhsa platform with a width of 1.3-1.4 m and a height of no more than 1 m was attached from the inside. The long walls of the fortress were also flanked by semicircular towers. The walls and the protruding towers were cut with arrow-shaped loopholes. Based on archaeological data, the Balanda Fortress was a large fundamental building
Derivatives -či/čï in the medieval Kipchak manuscript Temür Qutlugh Khan’s yarliǧ
Authors:   Uppsala University, Karoly Laszlo , Muna Yerbol  i ,   L.N.  Gumilyov  Eurasian  National University
Published: October 2023

In 1397, Temür Qutlugh, Khan of the Golden Horde, issued the edict (yarlïǧ) to a local royal family in Crimea. In this medieval manuscript, the addresser mentions dozens of profession names, many of which are formed with the help of the word-formative suffix (affix) -či/čï. The derivative -či/čï is a common word-formation affix in Old and modern Turkic languages, its origins are in the Proto-Altaic language. -či/čï is actively functioning in both the early and late Middle Ages, which is also confirmed by the analysis of derived words in this specific manuscript. Historically, -či/-čï denoted a person’s connection with a subject, an action, or a professional activity to which it attaches, and this word-formation meaning has also existed in this manuscript (bitigči, tartnaqčï, köprükči, etc.). The authors have made a semantic and etymological analysis of the generating bases of lexemes, identified the corpus of derived words denoting professions in the Golden Horde, considered their syntagmatic and contextual compatibility, and concluded that derived words with derivatives -či/-čï in the vocabulary of Temür Qutlugh yarlïǧï, and their word-formation meanings have continuity with similar derivatives of modern Turkic languages
EMPLOYEES MOTIVATION SYSTEM FEATURES TRANSPORT COMPANIES
Authors: Semenchuk Tatіana , Gusak Olga
Published: October 2023

This article describes the essence of the term "staff motivation" and the main tasks in forming a system of staff motivation. The general process of staff motivation is considered and the scheme of its formation is detailed. In the article it was substantiated that there are now many methods of staff motivation at enterprises, and it is important to learn how to combine the material and intangible levers of motivation in order to reach the "golden mean" at a particular enterprise and thereby improve its performance. According to the results of the questionnaire and rating evaluations, the state of motivation and stimulation in the transport sector in general was determined, and a detailed analysis was established with the identification of obstacles to the formation an effective system motivation at transport enterprises, namely railways. The use in modern conditions of transport enterprises the existing system of stimulation workers by the method of Scanlon is substantiated, which allows to motivate the contribution of each worker in improving the efficiency production. Within the existing features of the work transport enterprises, the article substantiated and presented the existing and effective motivational methods managing the personnel of the transport enterprise, which will ensure the implementation an effective organization policy that will lead to a better fulfillment of the set goals of the enterprise, understanding of its employees and will significantly reduce the risks. Highly skilled staff from workplaces. All proposals are based on the peculiarities of the transport company. According to the results of the research, it was found that having a well-established and transparent and transparent motivation system in the enterprise is one of the competitive advantages for the enterprise, which makes it possible to reduce staff turnover and increase the level of employee satisfaction, which directly influences the optimization the fulfillment of the set tasks, increasing the corporate culture and efficiency of the enterprise as a whole, because of meeting the needs employees.
CRIMINOLOGICAL PROVISION OF PENITENTIARY SECURITY IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Territorially Separate Branch «Kamianske Branch of the Academy of the State Penitentiary Service», Kamianske, Ukraine, Kovalevskyi А.V. , Kovalevska I.V. ,   Territorially Separate Branch «Kamianske Branch of the Academy of the State Penitentiary Service», Kamianske, Ukraine
Published: October 2023

This article deals with problems of development assistance of penitentiary system which directly correlates with necessity in establishment into national criminal and executive practice of international and European standards of administration of justice in in particular in the part of establishment of optimal balance between grave criminal offences and punishment especially if we speak about imprisonment. Authors focus attention that into today`s mechanism of security of convict rights and freedoms was successfully integrated the number of prospective European novelties, among which the public. Involvement of the public in Ukrainian criminological science was found as an actual method of carring out facultative influence on criminal activities in the state, including by popularization of the principle of zero tolerance for breaks of law in general and in criminal law. It is noted that we need to pay attention to victimological orientation in criminology and in the case of committing socially dangerous acts determined by an informal society and internal specific culture and customs of convicts. It is indicated that correlation of criminological and victimological influence on criminal society in penitentiary institution will give an opportunity to reduce amount of criminal offences and to prevent other variants of convicts` deviant behavior related to alcohol and gambling addictions, suicide etc. It is summarized that we need to reform criminal and criminal executive law and to shift to new and more progressive means and messieurs of fight with penitentiary recidivism among convicts and personal`s criminalization in penitentiary institutions. Authors proposed criminological messieurs for providing penitentiary security. Key words: penitentiary security, criminological providing, criminal offences, punishment, imprisonment, convicts, penitentiary institutions.
INITIAL INVESTIGATION (SEARCH) ACTIONS IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES IN THE FIELD OF DRUG TRAFFIC, PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES, THEIR ANALOGUES OR PRECURSORS
Authors:   Chernihiv Polytechnic National University, Chernihiv, Ukraine, Senchenko N.M.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the disclosure of some aspects of the investigation of criminal offenses in the sphere of circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues or precursors. Initial investigative (search) actions are considered: inspection of the scene, search. Special attention is paid to the recording of evidentiary information that was discovered during their conduct. In connection with the specifics of the subject of proof of a criminal offense, methods of its concealment, as well as the person who committed it, the tactics of initial investigative (search) actions have their own specific features. The relevance of the researched problem is determined by the fact that activities related to procedural and forensic problems of conducting investigative (search) actions during the disclosure and investigation of criminal offenses in the sphere of drugs traffic, psychotropic substances, their analogues or precursors, require detailed regulation and improvement in connection with the emergence of new ways of committing criminal offenses of this category, as well as the development of new effective means of countering their disclosure, which, on the one hand, complicates the execution of the task of criminal proceedings, on the other – provides new opportunities for effective counteraction to criminal offenses of this category, quickly and effective investigation and disclosure, establishment of persons who commit them, channels of supply of narcotics, places of their sale, etc. Special attention should be focused on the tactics of conducting investigative (search) actions with a detailed description of the nature of the actions assigned to each specific subject of interaction. It is the investigator and the prosecutor, who determine the optimal choice of tactics and methods used during initial and further investigative (search) actions. Keywords: pre-trial investigation, evidence, proving, investigative (search) actions, search, inspection.
La Batteria per le Funzioni Esecutive nell'Addiction - BFE-A: un nuovo tool digitalizzato per lo screening neurocognitivo
Authors: Balconi Michela , Losasso Doriana , Balena Alessandra , Crivelli Davide
Published: October 2023

According to recent neurocognitive models of addictions, a vicious combination of altered executive functions (EF) and dysfunctional reward system represents a main determinant of clinical picture. Executive dysfunctions also have a great impact on worsening addiction disorders as well as on treatment outcomes. Thus, detecting executive dysfunctions with sensitive tools is crucial in order to tailor therapeutic and rehabilitative interventions to patients. We here report the testing of the Battery for Executive Functions in Addiction (BFE-A), a novel battery for EF screening.151 patients with Substance-Use Disorder and 56 health participants completed the seven digitized BFE-A subtests tapping on: learning and memory, working memory, cognitive flexibility, focused attention, attention regulation, and inhibitory control. First-level statistical analyses highlighted lower performance of the clinical sample with respect to healthy participants across all the battery subtests, though verbal memory and focused attention proved to be te most impaired functions. Regression analyses, then, revealed that longer abstinence led to greater memory performance and that a longer history of substance abuse specifically led to less efficient information-processing speed. Findings provide support to the evaluation of the BFE-A as a brief but informative screening battery, potentially complementing the diagnostic process in clinical settings.
Disturbo da gioco d'azzardo ed evoluzione affettiva: osservazioni da un caso clinico
Authors: Golasmici Stefano , Pistuddi Annalisa
Published: October 2023

Through a clinical case, this work highlights some characteristics of personality of patients with a gambling disorder, such as relational closure, isolation and withdrawal into a segregated dimension of psychic experience.