bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of reduction of iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) concents in leachate using electrocoagulation method with aluminum (Al) electrode
Authors: Herlina N , Siregar R L , Kurnati A S
Published: December 2021

Leachate can be defined as the liquid resulting from the decomposition of waste and infiltration of rainwater in the landfill. Leachate has unique characteristics, it has a high content of organic, metals, acids, dissolved salts and microorganisms and due to the complex leachate content it requires processing in treating leachate. Electrocoagulation is one of technology that can be applied to remove organic and heavy metal content in leachate. In this study, it was seen how the effect of voltage and contact time using aluminum electrodes on decreasing the concentration of Fe, Cu and Pb in leachate then calculating the reduction efficiency of Fe, Cu and Pb. The treatment of electric voltages given in this study were 4, 8 and 12 volts with a contact time of 15, 30 and 45 minutes. The results showed metal removal reached 0.030 mg/L, 0.007 mg/L and 0.010 mg/L and with efficiencies of 99.476%, 99.364% and 98.214% for Fe, Cu and Pb parameters. The decrease in metal content by 21.8% is influenced by voltage and 3.74% is influenced by the contact time when tested using the Pearson Correlation Test. These results indicate that the leachate treatment process with electrocoagulation processing has great efficiency.
DNA extraction and pattern of crab and macrobentos from North Sumatran mangrove forest, Indonesia
Authors: Harahap A M , Basyuni M , Susetya I E
Published: December 2021

Mangrove forest ecosystem is one of the most productive and unique ecosystems that serves to protect coastal areas from various disturbances, as well as provide habitat for various animal species. The large number of crab species and macrobentos in mangrove ecosystems results in frequent errors in the naming of species that have similarities in morphological features. This problem can be solved through a comprehensive approach by combining morphological analysis with genetic analysi.This study aims to report a DNA extraction and PCR amplification prior was used for the identification of crab and macrozoobentos from mangrove forest, North Sumatra. Primer 16S has a conserved area so it is appropriately used in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing analysis to determine taxonomy, phylogeny and diversity between specie. Visualization of PCR amplification results with primer16S from crab samples and macrobentos resulting a low DNA band with a size of 206 bp and a high of 678bp
Economic value analysis of Simarjarunjung Nature Tourism Area, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatera
Authors: Purwoko A , Latifah S , Siahaan C
Published: December 2021

Indonesia’s natural potential is very diverse, one of which is the natural tourism potential of the provinces in Indonesia. Sumatra, especially North Sumatra, is currently developing its natural potential, namely the Simarjarunjung Nature Tourism Area. This area is a magnet for tourists, because the hill is one of the ideal locations to see the landscape of Lake Toba. This study is aimed to analyze the total economic value with the travel method (Travel Cost Method) and the factors that influence tourists’ visits to the Simarjarunjung Natural Tourism Area. The method used to estimate the economic potential of tourism activities in the Simarjarunjung Nature Tourism Area is the individual travel cost method, while to determine the factors that affect the intensity of tourist visits to the Simarjarunjung Nature Tourism Area, it is determined by multiple linear regression analysis. The research data were obtained by asking questions on the questionnaire to the visitors. The results showed that the economic potential of the Simarjarunjung Nature Tourism Area reached IDR. 6,207,894,000/year, and the variables that had a significant effect on the intensity of tourists’ visits to the Simarjarunjung Nature Tourism Area were travel costs, age, and distance variables.
Morphological identification of phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi from mangrove soil under Rhizophora stylosa stands
Authors: Elfiati D , Delvian  , Susilowati A , Rizki N W Y , Harahap A F M , Hidayat A
Published: December 2021

Mangrove forest is one of the forest ecosystems that can be found in tidal areas. Mangrove forest have ecological, socio-economic benefits for organisms that live in the sea. One of the microorganism that live in mangrove forest is fungus. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate and identify phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi from mangrove soil. Soil samples were collected from a stands ofRhizophora stylosain Lubuk Kertang Village, West Brandan District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. Soil samples were taken randomly with a dept of 0-20 cm. Isolation of phosphate solubilizing fungi was carried out using Pikovskaya medium and cellulolytic fungi using carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) medium. To determine the effectiveness of fungi qualitatively, the phosphate solubility and cellulolytic index were calculated. All isolates obtained were identified morphologically by observing colonies macroscopically and microscopically. This study obtained 12 isolates of phosphate solubilizing and 8 isolates of cellulolytic fungi. Phosphate solubility index ranging from 2.06-2.87 and cellulolytic index of 0.33-3.00. Morphological identifications showed that all isolates of phosphate solubilizing fungi belonged to the genusAspergillus, while all isolates of cellulolytic fungi belonged to the genusChaetomium.
Squalene decreased malondialdehyde level of diabetic rats
Authors: Widyawati T , Syarifah S , Sumantri I B
Published: December 2021

Squalene, a precursor for the secondary metabolite synthesis, is synthesized in animals, bacteria, fungi and plants. It has been reported to have some biological activities, one of which is as an antioxidant. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of squalene on malondialdehyde (MDA) level, an antioxidant activity marker, in diabetic rats. Diabetes type II was induced by a high-fat diet with low dose streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. A total of 12 diabetic rats were divided into 3 groups and served once daily for 14 days as follows; Group I (Squalene (S) 160 mg/kg), Group II (Metformin (M) 45 mg/kg) and Group III Aquades (DC) 10 ml/kg). MDA level were measured using Elisa method. Data were analyzed using Kruskall Wallis and Mann-Whitney as post hoc test. The results showed that MDA level in both S- (8.50 ± 1.40 µmol/L) and M- (7.74 ± 1.63 µmol/L) were lower than DC-treated groups (12.82± 2.86 µmol/L). Statistically, significant different were found between S- and DC- as well as Sand M-treated groups (p< 0.05). This study suggested that squalene able to decrease MDA level in type II diabetic rats.
Study of development of mangrove forest potential for ecotourism in Kunkun Village, Mandailing Natal Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Harahap Z A , Sahleni W , Bakti D , Leidonald R
Published: December 2021

The mangrove ecosystem in Kunkun Village has been used as a tourist destination to be closer to nature. In addition, at this location there is also a river that is used as fishing tourism, as well as a mangrove forest that still has various fauna as one of the areas developed to be a mangrove ecotourism area. The aim of this study were to identify the suitability index of mangrove ecotourism and to determine the carrying capacity of the tourist area. This research was conducted using survey method with a sampling technique and determination of suitability based on weighting and scoring. The suitability index for mangrove tourism is included in the conditionally appropriate category with a percentage value of 55% to 75% which means that further management is needed so that the potential that exists in the mangrove ecosystem in this area can continue to be developed into an environmentally-based tourism area. While the carrying capacity of the area is 235 people/day which is divided into two groups of land and water tourism. However, the management of the ecotourism area is still lacking in terms of promotion of existing tourist spots. infrastructure in the ecotourism area is still less supportive and other facilities are not yet available.
Rhizophora stylosa as a protector against overwhelming copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) metal substances and how they affect on Belawan’s water quality
Authors: Yunasfi  , Leidonald R , Dalimunthe A , Siregar A S
Published: December 2021

Rhizopohora stylosa, Rhizopohora mucronata, Rhizopohora apiculata, and Bruguiera gymnorhyza are among the rare types of mangrove found in coastal areas. The presence of these mangrove species in the coastal environment could be a boon to the environment. R. stylosa is one of the many species, and it can be used as a plant that collects heavy metals present in coastal areas. As a result of out-of-collection metals from various mechanical exercises that exist surrounding waterways and estuaries. From May to August 2021, researchers studied the capacity of R. stylosa to withstand the heavy metals copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) and their impact on water quality. This investigation took place at the Belawan Stream Estuary in Baristan Medan, as well as the Office of Timberland Development’s research center at the College of North Sumatra. Different types of mengrove plants found in coastal areas have unique strategies for dealing with contaminaton caused by heavy metals. Constructing various types of overpowering netal at various portions of the tree is one of the few methodologies used by mangroves. R. stylosa is a type of mangrove that may collect a lot of metal in its roots and stem before clearing it out. Overwhelming metals will degrade water quality, which will, in turn, degrade the condition of the biological system as a whole. The overpowering metal substance of Cu and Pb in the R. stylosa mangrove was found to be higher than that of Pb. The Cu component was found to be more notable than Pb in the water contained within the developing put of R. stylosa. Meanwhile, the mud material in which the R. stylosa mangrove grows creates an abundance of metal substance that is less than that of Pb.
The properties of particleboards made from non-wood lignocellulose materials bonded with melamine formaldehyde resin
Authors: Iswanto A H , Azhar I , Bukit A A , Oktaviani F , Sucipto T , Hakim L , Manurung H , Darwis A , Samsuri  , Zaitunah A , Arinah H , Susilowati A , Elfiati D , Rangkuti A B , Syahputra O K H , Harahap M M , Ulfa M , Rambey R , Hartono R
Published: December 2021

The use of non-wood lignocellulosic materials is currently limited as organic fertilizer, fuel, and animal feed. These materials have the opportunity to be used in the manufacture of particleboard. This study aimed to analyze the properties of the panel made of non-wood lignocellulosic material bonded using melamine-formaldehyde adhesive. Non-wood lignocellulosic materials used in this study include bagasse, corn cobs, durian skin, coconut fiber, and rice husks. The material was converted into 20 mesh size particles. The level of melamine-formaldehyde adhesive used was 10%. Hot pressing was done for 10 min at 140oC using 30 kg/cm2 pressure. The board is made of 25 x 25 cm2 with a target density and thickness of 0.80 g/cm3 and 1 cm, respectively. The findings revealed that bagasse board has superior physical and mechanical properties to other lignocellulosic materials. This board has the highest internal bond and the lowest thickness swelling value. Most of the test parameters in this study did not meet the JIS A 5908-2003 because the density target was not achieved.
Multidimensional scaling approach to evaluate sustainability status of belawan watershed management
Authors: Sulaiman I A , Nasution Z , Rauf A , Kusuma M S B
Published: December 2021

Sustainability is currently a global issue, population growth and damage to natural resources, and environmental quality issues. This study will evaluate the sustainability of Belawan watershed management to develop sustainable watershed management planning. Watershed sustainability evaluation uses the MDS approach with rapfish (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries) program modification to 5 dimensions and 42 attributes. From the assessment, the sustainability status of the Belawan watershed for ecological, economic, social culture, institution and legal dimensions is less sustainable. In contrast,the level of technology dimension is not sustainable. With the scenario of moderate improvement obtained, the status of sustainability ecological dimension, economic dimension, social culture dimension, and institutions legal dimension are reasonably sustainable.In contrast,the technology dimension is less sustainable. For optimistic improvement scenarios, all dimensions are reasonably sustainable. Sustainable watershed management needs to be done in an integrated manner that covers all institutions and related stakeholders.
Mechanical, thermal and adhesion characteristics of natural rubber/epoxidised natural rubber (NR/ENR 25) blends containing natural microbentonite
Authors: Wirjosentono B , Tamrin  , Siregar A H , Nasution D A
Published: December 2021

Blending of natural rubber (NR) with epoxidised natural rubber (ENR 25) improved engineering characteristics of the blends, especially on their toughness, resistant to mineral oil, as well as their adhesion on hydrophilic surfaces, such as metals and concretes. Addition of natural microbentonite was expected not only to improve the blend’s compatibility, but also to enhance their thermal characteristics and adhesion properties on hydrophilic surfaces. In this works Indonesian natural rubbers (SIR-10) have been blended with epoxidised natural rubber (ENR-25) in a reflux rector in xylene solution with addition of various loading of natural microbentonite as fillers. Mechanical properties of the blends were characterized using tensile tests (tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young’s modulus), whereas their thermal properties were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, to estimate their adhesion properties on hydrophilic surfaces, the blends were immersed in water, and their water uptake were measured gravimetrically, as well as changes on their mechanical properties. It was found that optimum composition of natural microbentonite in the blend with highest tensile strength and Young’s modulus was obtained when loading of the filler was 4 phr. When compared to that without filler, DSC thermogram of the optimum blend showed better thermal properties (lower heat release decreased from 903.10 J/g to 420.17 J/g) although the decomposition temperatures did not change considerably (407.8° to 408.09°C). Whereas the later also exhibited higher water uptake (0.05 to 0.34 %) and still with acceptable mechanical properties as adhesive materials.
Precision Fishery Management Framework Based on Fisheries Management Area
Authors: Yonvitner  , Sartin J
Published: December 2021

Implementing precision fisheries management is a challenge for fisheries governance. Precision fisheries management might depend on the availability of data, area, carrying capacity, utilization, labor, industrial capacity, and fish consumption of the community. For Indonesia, the Fisheries Management Areas (FMAs) approach could become the basis for traceability and measurability of precision fisheries management. To ensure its effectiveness, the design of precision fisheries management must be started with the development of a logical framework, which then serves as a foundation for a further management design. This paper aims to present a management framework for precision fisheries management based on Fisheries Management Area. The framework covers sub sector in fisheries including capture fisheries, aquaculture, fish processing, and conservation activities. Meanwhile, supervision is the cornerstone that will oversee the implementation of all the fisheries sub sector. The framework shows that spatial-based data is one of the determinants in the efficacy of precision fisheries management.
Utilization of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) technology for mapping and identification of agroforestry land cover patterns in Namolandur Village, North Sumatra
Authors: Arinah H , Thoha A S , Mardiyadi Z , Lubis O A
Published: December 2021

Agroforestry-based land use is widely used in society, particularly in rural areas. With a combination of tree crops (annual) and crops (seasonal), agroforestry patterns can maximize land utilization. Unmanned aircraft, often known as drones, can map and detect land cover to optimise land usage based on agroforestry. Drones have various advantages, including low cost, ease of acquisition, and the ability to utilize them in high-risk situations without endangering human life or in difficult or inaccessible places. They can also fly at low altitudes, resulting in cloud-free shots and sharper images. This research focuses on using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to map agroforestry patterns in Namolandur Village and detect and determine the area of each agroforestry pattern land cover using aerial camera photos. Using the Mavic 2 pro drone and Pix4D Mapper software for aerial photo processing, Namolandur village became the research subject. The data analysis revealed that agrisilviculture, agrosilvofishery, and agrosilvopastoral were the forms of land use with agroforestry patterns in the village of Namolandur. In addition, water guava, duku fruit (Lansium domestika), oil palm, coconut, and a combination of fish ponds, cattle, and goats are among the geographical analysis of the area and each form of land use.
Risk of coronary heart disease and stroke based on United Kingdom prospective diabetes study in type 2 DM patients in Medan
Authors: Amelia R , Harahap J , Wijaya H , Fujiati I I
Published: December 2021

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most prevalent diabetic consequences that can lead to death. The purpose of this study was to use The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Risk Engine to determine the risk of CVD complications in type 2 DM patients. The study’s design is analytic using a cross-sectional approach, and the samples include 108 type 2 diabetes patients in Medan who fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that most patients had a high risk for CHD and a low risk for stroke. Education must be carried out intensively to patients that blood sugar is more controlled to reduce the risk of complications.
Analysis of vegetation cover and built-up areas in the Percut watershed landscape, North Sumatra Province using sentinel-2 imagery
Authors: Slamet B , Syahputra O K H , Kurniawan H , Saraan M , Harahap M M
Published: December 2021

Changes in land cover have an impact on the health condition of a watershed. This research was conducted by utilizing Sentinel-2 imagery for the recording period 2020 and 2021. Three indices were used in this study, namely, the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). NDBI analysis indicates there is an increase in the built-up area of 2,092.62 hectares which means land conversion. NDWI classification shows an increase in the wetness area of 308.58 hectares, mainly occurring in the downstream part of the watershed, located to the north. There is an increase in the area of non-vegetated areas reaching 288.96 hectares in the Percut watershed based on the results of the NDVI analysis.
Plasma generation using dielectric barrier discharge reactor for phenol degradation in batik wastewater
Authors: Sa’adah A N , Saputra K B , Fadholi M D , Hermansyah V , Aryanti N
Published: December 2021

Batik wastewater contains phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds are hematotoxic, hepatotoxic, and capable of causing mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in humans and other living organisms. Therefore, phenol compounds need to be degraded. This study uses plasma electrolysis method with Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) reactor to degrade phenolic compounds in Batik wastewater. The purpose of this study was to characterize the Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) reactor, to determine the effect of voltage and type of catalyst on phenol concentration, and to determine the interaction between voltage and catalyst type on the response of phenol concentration through analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result obtained from the characterization of the reactor is ignition voltage at 1400 Volt. The best degradation results of phenolic compounds were obtained in the treatment of Batik wastewater with FeSO4 catalyst at 2600 Volt. The phenol reduction in the best conditions reached 88.73%. Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA), voltage and quadratic catalyst variables affect the response of phenol concentrations in batik waste.
Land cover changes monitoring over ten years in upstream watershed of Deli Serdang Regency North Sumatra Province
Authors: Harahap M M , Rahmawaty  , Kurniawan H , Rauf A , Ulfa M
Published: December 2021

Deli Serdang is one of the regencies in North Sumatra Province, experiencing relatively rapid development and population. Increasing in demand for the availability of land as living space. Two sub-districts of upstream watershed experienced changes in land cover, namely; Sinembah Tanjung Muda (STM) Hilir and STM Hulu. Monitoring changes in land cover in both sub-districts is essential, given that they are located in the upstream area of the watershed and will impact other areas in the lower watershed. This study aims to analyse land cover changes in both sub-districts over ten years (2009 - 2019). The method used in calculating land changes that occur is change detection. Field surveys were carried out to ensure that the land cover conditions on the land cover maps followed the field’s actual conditions. The research shows the period of 2009 – 2019, land cover that has increased in the area are mining, industry, open land, settlements, livestock and shrubs. The decrease in the area occurred in land cover, including dryland forest, mixed gardens and cultivated land.
Thornthwaite Models for Estimating Potential evapotranspiration in Medan City
Authors: Anggraini N , Slamet B
Published: December 2021

Evapotranspiration plays a big role in the hydrology process. Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) always keeps soil moisture available, although an amount of water evaporates through evaporation and transpiration. The Thornthwaite equation uses air temperature and latitude from meteorological observations for estimating PET. Medan City is one of the biggest cities in Indonesia that have a problem with land-use change that affected water balance. This study is to estimate the PET and to learn the water balance in Medan City. The monthly temperature data for the period 2011-2020 is collected from three meteorological stations for estimating PET using the Thornthwaite equation. The highest monthly temperature is in Belawan Maritime Meteorological Station yet the lowest rainfall. The trends of PET depend on the month. The highest PET in Jan.-Apr. and Sep.-Dec. are in Belawan Maritime Meteorological Station, while the highest PET in May-Aug. is in Indonesia Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Region I Medan. The P-PET has shown negative and positive values. The lowest P-PET is found in Belawan Maritime Meteorological Station in March and the highest P-PET is found in Indonesia Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Region I Medan in October.
Preparation and characterization of liquid natural rubber through oxidative degradation with phenyl hydrazine and benzoyl peroxide-oxygen
Authors: Tamrin  , Leny S , Eddiyanto
Published: December 2021

The aim of this research was to synthesize liquid natural rubber (LNR) from Natural rubber (SIR-20) by chain scission method in the presence of oxygen gas and difference of peroxides, phenyl hydrazine and benzoyl peroxide. The chain scission reaction was conducted in solution of xylene in close system. SIR-20 was diluted xylene before flushing with oxygen and the addition of the peroxide. The degradation oxidation by the oxygen and the peroxides was processed at 60°C for 24 hours. The degradative oxidation product was re-precipitated by adding the excess of methanol and filtrated before dried in vacuum oven 60°C for 24 hours. The dried product was characterized by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). It was found that the liquid natural rubber product successfully degraded by chain scission process as shown the change of the peak area intensity of infrared absorption. It was showed the peaks area intensity of O-H and carbonyl group of liquid natural rubber spectra increased.
Acceptability of Modified Onion Stick with Mocaf and Moringa Leaf Flour as Functional Food for Anemic Adolescent Girls
Authors: Adha H M , Lubis Z , Jumirah
Published: December 2021

Adolescent girls tend to be at greater risk of developing anemia compared to adolescent boys. The background is because adolescent girls have menstruation every month, but it is not accompanied by the addition of iron-rich food intake. In an effort to meet the iron needs of them, it can be done by utilizing local food products, such as mocaf flour, and moringa leaf flour. This study aims to analyze the acceptance of onion stick that have been modified into three treatments. The research design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD), using three treatments, with a comparison of mocaf flour and moringa leaf flour, namely A1 (40:4), A2 (45:5), A3 (50:6). The data were analyzed by the Kruskal Wallis statistical test, then further analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test to see whether there was a difference. The results of the organoleptic test assessment showed that there were significant differences in the parameters of color (p = 0.001), aroma (p = 0.017), taste (p = 0.000) and texture (p = 0.003) of onion stick A1, A2, and A3, the results of the Mann Whitney test showed that the A1 formula was significantly different from the A2 and A3 formulas (p<0.05). In conclusion, the onion sticks formula A1 has the best acceptability, making it possible to conduct further research on the nutritional content and its effect on the hemoglobin level of anemic adolescent girls.
The effect of liquid organic plant supplements on aquaponic culture of red cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L. var. Capitata f. rubra DC.) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)
Authors: Elimasni  , Nasution N
Published: December 2021

Abstrak. Aquaponic cultivation is an innovation in the fulfillment of fish and vegetable food needs. The types of fish and vegetables that have not been widely cultivated in aquaponics are tilapia and red cabbage. The aims of this experiment is to provides information on the best concentration of plant liquid organic suplements for the maintenance of red cabbage and tilapia in this aquaponic system. These are commodity have a variety of advantages and high production so it is necessary to conduct an aquaponic assessment of tilapia and red cabbage using liquid organic supplements of plants. This research was conducted gradually, namely the preparation of red cabbage seeds and fish seeds, fermentation of water, acclimatition of fish and research treatment. The research design uses a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replays. The treatment used by giving of liquid organic supplement concentrations merk SOC plants that differ in the integrated aquaponic tarpaulin pond system is treatment1 (0 ml/l), treatment2 (2.5 ml/l), treatment3 (5 ml/l) and treatment4 (7.5 ml/l) with each pond as much as 25 fish/pond. Aquaponic watering technique using DFT (Deep Flow Technique). Variables of red cabbage include the morphometry of the red cabbage plant (height of the plant, number of leaves, and wet weight). Tilapia variables include relative growth rate and fish survival rate. The results showed that the treatment of the concentration of liquid organic supplements of plants had a noticeable effect on the height of the plant, the number of leaves and the wet weight. Data of tilapia research with aquaponic system using tepal ponds include the relative growth rate of tilapia ranging from 2.84 - 3.90%/day and tilapia survival ranges from 88-92%.
Applicability of biological wastewater treatment for various industries
Authors: Alena Basamykina , Ekaterina Kurkina , Maria Kameristaya
Published: December 2021

Biological treatment methods are used to remove organic and some inorganic substances from wastewater using the simplest organisms that use these substances for nutrition, breaking them down using cellular processes. The article deals with the aerobic, anaerobic and anoxic stages of biological wastewater treatment. Their differences are explained and the best way to use biological processes is analyzed according to the type of industry/production. At wastewater treatment plants, anaerobic treatment is often used at first to remove a significant part of organic substances from wastewater before sending them for further aerobic treatment. Aerobic treatment is effective for various types of wastewater, especially with lower biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). A comparative analysis of wastewater composition from food, oil and gas processing, pharmaceutical and pulp and paper industries was carried out. In the presence of organic compounds, the technology is chosen depending on the total organic matter content or the total COD content, which characterizes the total organic matter in water. A combination of anaerobic and aerobic methods is possible, if a discharge into the sewer system or into water bodies is required. The grounds for the application of biological wastewater treatment of these industries are given.
Influence of the nanophytopreparation “Betulin in carbon microsphere” on the state of pathogenic and persistent factors of the joints of enteromicrobiocenosis of broiler chickens
Authors: Svetlana Lysko , Pleshakova Valentina , Lescheva Nadegda , Zadorozhnaya Marina , Lorengel Tatyana
Published: December 2021

The current development stage of the poultry industry is characterized by a rapid consolidation of the role of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. It was found that some phytopreparations have a diverse impact on the persistent characteristics of microorganisms. This work aims to study the influence of the nanophytopreparation “Betulin in carbon microsphere” on the manifestation of pathogenic (hemolytic, adhesive, proteolytic, catalase activities) and persistent (antilysozyme, anti-complementary activities) characteristics of microorganisms isolated from broiler chickens. Studied were microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from samples of broiler chicken droppings. The nanophytopreparation “Betulin in carbon microsphere” was prophylactically added to the diet of chickens. As a control, considered were cultures of microorganisms isolated from broiler chickens, who did not receive the preparation in the diet. It was established that 37.5% of E. coli cultures isolated from droppings of the control broiler group exhibit hemolytic activity, while E. coli isolates from the experimental group did not have this activity. The percentage of isolated cultures of microorganisms that showed adhesive, proteolytic and catalase activity was lower for broiler chickens of the experimental group compared to the control one. This tendency was observed when studying persistent factors, in particular, antilysozyme and anti-complementary characteristics. The nanophytopreparation “Betulin in carbon microsphere” can be applied not only to increase the general resistance of the poultry body but also to target the main types of microbiocenosis joints, reducing their pathogenic and persistent potential.
The quality of quail meat upon crossbreeding
Authors: Andrey Dymkov
Published: December 2021

The growing consumer demand for safe food offers great prospects for the production of quail meat. The progress in poultry farming is based on the use of hybrid breeds. This study was carried out at the Siberian Research Institute of Poultry (Omsk Region). Studied were the productivity and quality of quail meat of Japanese and Pharaoh breeds and their hybrid combinations (?Japanese×?Pharaoh and ?Pharaoh×?Japanese). Hybrid combinations had lower body weight than the Pharaoh breed (by 7.78-16.30%, p<0.05), but larger body weight than the Japanese breed (by 11.33-22.66%, p<0.05). The discrepancies in body weights are due to the weight of the pectorals, the share of which is 19.43-21.63% for males and 18.34-19.45% for females. The superficial pectoral muscle accounts for the bulk of the weight of the pectoral muscles (74.09-78.22%). The deep pectoral muscle accounts for 21.78-25.91%. The area of muscle fibers of the superficial pectoral muscle is 226-299 μm2, the area of deep pectoral muscle is 409-443 μm2. For hybrid combinations, the area of fibers of the superficial and deep pectorals depends on the male breed. The protein content in the pectoral muscles of the Pharaoh breed was higher than that of the Japanese by 1.01-1.02 g, but the fat content was lower by 0.24-0.96 g. In hybrids, the paternal form has an impact on the protein content in the pectoral muscles, and the maternal form has an impact on fat content.
Mixed pine and spruce stands in the Luga-Volkhov and Valdai-Tikhvin landscape districts of the Leningrad Region
Authors: Danilov D.A. , Yakovlev A.A. , Bogdanova L. S. , Boitsov A.K. , Suvorov S.A.
Published: December 2021

Pine- and spruce-dominatedmixed stands occupy a substantial part of the forested area. Depending on soil and hydrological conditions of different landscapes, stands of different forest types and tree stand composition dominate. Modern forestry is focused on growing monodominant stands, but it is worth noting that mixed stands have higher productivity and stability. This work is devoted to identifying the patterns of distribution of mixed stands by forest type in different geographic landscapes. For the study, two landscape districts of the Leningrad Region (Valdaysko-Tikhvinsky and Luzhsko-Volkhovsky) with landscape mosaics of different structure were selected. The dominant forest types and types of mixed forest stands were determined by summing the areas of each plant association. To carry out the calculations, data of the state forest inventory of the Leningrad Region were used. In the course of this study, it was found that blueberry forest type was the most common forest type in mixed stands. Most of the landscapes of the study region were dominated by spruce-deciduous stands, but in some landscapes with hilly relief, a predominance of spruce-pine stands was observed.
DIGITAL PLATFORMS IN THE NEW WORLD OF DIGITAL AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS
Authors: Sergeevna Kolmykova Tatiana , Petrovna Kazarenkova Natalya , Aleksandrovna Merzlyakova Ekaterina , Valeryevich Aseev Oleg , Petrovich Kovalev Petr
Published: December 2021

The global process of digital transformation of the economic space currently involves all industries. The introduction of digital technologies and platform solutions into the activities of enterprises in the agricultural sector is a strategically important task to ensure the country’s food security, the solution of which is being carried out within the framework of the national project “Digital Agriculture.” The relevance and the need for digital transformation of agriculture and the food industry are due to the new capabilities of managing agro-industrial complexes, as well as the modern conditions for the formation and realization of their development potential. The research focuses on instruments of digitalization of agriculture as a way of innovative optimization of its development. The efficiency of introducing digital innovations and information technologies into agriculture is based on improving the efficiency of production processes, organizing and managing an agricultural enterprise, taking into account the elimination of targeted conflicts, while achieving a balance of productivity and environmental friendliness of technological processes. This approach to the digital transformation of the agricultural sector will contribute to the qualitative restructuring of all production and organizational processes, which will ultimately create the prerequisites for increasing efficiency and reducing the risk of agriculture as a whole.
Dynamics of an apple tree yield after rejuvenation pruning
Authors: Gurin Aleksandr , Rezvyakova Svetlana , Revin Nikolay
Published: December 2021

The studies were carried out in the apple orchard planted in 1987. The layout of trees was 7x5 m, the stock was vigorous (seedlings of cultivated varieties). In the first experiment, the influence of the crown cut on fruit yield was studied. The object of research was an apple tree of the Sinap Orlovsky variety. The following options were considered: 1. Without reduction in the crown height (control); 2. Cutting the tree height to 5.0-5.5 m; 3. Cutting the tree height to 4.0-4.5 m; 4. Cutting the tree height to 3.0-3.5 m. The trees were pruned in the spring of 2015. In the second experiment, perennial wood was removed and the yield was compared. The object of the study was an apple tree of the Antonovka Ordinary variety. The following options were considered: 1. Sanitary pruning (control); 2. Pruning for 3-4 year old wood; 3. Pruning for 5-6 year old wood; 4. Pruning for 7-8 year old wood. The trees were pruned in the spring of 2016. The experiments were repeated 4 times, each option used 6 trees, the placement of the plots was randomized. In the first experiment, on the sixth year, the highest yield (15.8 t/ha) was observed for the option with a crown cut to 4.0-4.5 m. This option also showed the highest total yield for 6 years (55.1 t/ha). In the second experiment for options with rejuvenation pruning, the total yield over 5 years exceeded the control option by 9.9-36.3%. The highest yield (52.2 t/ha) was obtained for the option with pruning for 5-6 year old wood.
TECHNOLOGY OF APPLE COMPOTE PRODUCTION FOR BABY FOOD WITH A HIGH CONTENT OF NATURAL INGREDIENTS
Authors: Akhmedov M.E. , Demirova A.F. , Rakhmanova M.M. , Asimova F.S. , Hajibeyova I.A.
Published: December 2021

The most promising direction of improving food technologies for baby food is the use of new technical solutions that ensure maximum preservation of natural ingredients contained in the initial plant raw materials in the finished product. To do this, instead of the traditional process of blanching in water, microwave blanching is proposed directly in glass jars in microwave EMF (ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field) with a frequency of 2400 MHz for 1.5 minutes, after which syrup is poured at a temperature level of 980C, prepared with the addition of infusion extracted from secondary products, followed by sealing of cans and sterilization according to a new gentle sterilization regime with a preliminary increase in the temperature level of the semi-finished product by processing it in microwave EMF before sealing cans, for 1.5 min.
Experimental determination of physico-chemical and disperse characteristics and thermal parameters of sheep tail fat
Authors: Alexanyan I YU , Nugmanov A H-H , Titova L M , Aysungurov N D , Orobinskaya V N , Galdin E V
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the experimental determination of the level of salinity, melting temperature, dispersed composition of crushed sheep tail fat, its moisture content and analysis of the state of moisture in it, and presents the results of these studies. The information obtained is necessary because the approach recommended by the authors contributes to a longer storage of the final product. Systematization of the advantages and disadvantages of the known technologies of smoked sheep tail fat, will allow to compose a rational technological flow of the production of this product and also to determine the rational operating parameters of the implementation of its stages. The information presented in the article on the physicochemical and dispersed characteristics, as well as the thermophysical parameters of sheep tail fat is relevant. At present, researchers have increased their interest in extruded products with a developed structure, obtained on the basis of raw materials of animal origin, as a source of high-quality fats, as well as a basis for therapeutic and prophylactic nutrition products of various technological forms.
Fruiting estimation of the potentially invasive species Amorpha fruticosa L. in the south of the Russian Far East
Authors: Kolyada N.A.
Published: December 2021

In the south of Russian Far East Amorpha fruticosa (Fabaceae Lindl.) is used as ornamental plant. It actively blooms and fruits here and successfully spreads by suckers, rarely by seeds. There are another ways of Amorpha fruticosa application in Primorsky Krai – as melliferous and technical plant for reclamation of disturbed lands and formation of protective field belts. These activities requires a great amount of quality seeds and, in turn, investigation of Amorpha fruticosa seed propagation. The study of the morphological characteristics of fruits from 12 different places in the Primorsky Krai showed that the linear characteristics of the fruits have minor differences but length of racemes and seed germination vary greatly. The longest racemes are detected in the city of Bolshoy Kamen (17.8 cm), the shortest ones – in Nekruglovo settlement (12.7 cm). The largest fruit number has racemes from Partizansk city (152). The weight of 100 fruits varies from 1.16 g (Kraskino settlement) to 0.94 g (city of Bolshoy Kamen). Highest germination capacity is observed in plants at Lake Soldatskoe (91%), the smallest in plants from Strugovka settlement and the city of Bolshoy Kamen (43%). Absence of germination of seeds from Vadimovka settlement is probably caused by pest – American seed beetle, Acanthoscelides pallidipennis.
Sturgeon breeding as the basis for forming a food base in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Volkova Anna
Published: December 2021

The article provides an analysis of sturgeon breeding, as well as materials for assessing the reproductive indicators of the Siberian sturgeon breeding stock in the conditions of the Arctic zone. The experience gained as a result of the multi-year research allows us to consider sturgeons, in particular the Siberian sturgeon, to have great potential for use in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The cultivation of this species in the Northern regions may have great prospects for the formation of a food base, since it has high fish-biological, physiological and reproductive indicators when using various aquaculture technologies. The best productive indicators were obtained when sturgeon was reared in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), however, the experience of using the cage method showed a good physiological state of the fish. All the studied methods can be applied for the development of aquaculture in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The cage method can be recommended for reproduction purposes, while using RAS can be recommended for fish rearing for sale.
Improvement of clonal micropropagation technique of promising Lonicera caerulea L. cultivars
Authors: Orlova N D , Molkanova O I , Koroleva O V
Published: December 2021

The work is focused on enhancement of in vitro propagation technique of valuable Lonicera caerulea L. cultivars. The impact of some nutrient medium components at main cultivation stages of the genus Lonicera L. representatives was studied. Some cultivars showed the positive effect of substituting sucrose for glucose in the medium at the multiplication stage (Diana (30 or 40 g L−1), Moskovskaya 23 (20 g L−1) and Yugana (40 g L−1)). When studying the influence of different auxin types on honeysuckle rhizogenesis, Solovey and Yugana preferred addition of 1.0 mg L−1 IBA into the medium. During the research of influence of different auxin concentrations on L. caerulea rooting the increased number of rooted microshoots of Goluboy Desert was demonstrated with the increasing of IAA concentration (from 0.5 to 3.0 mg L−1). Meanwhile, Diana and Yugana better rooted on the medium containing 1.0 mg L−1 IAA but Zolushka reached its highest rooting percentage on the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L−1 IAA. The assessment of second-year plants undergone the whole cycle of clonal micropropagation was carried out 85% of these plants began to bear fruits.
Low-frequency (105 Hz) shear modulus of nanosuspension
Authors: Badmaev B B , Dembelova T S , Makarova D N , Balzhinov S A , Vershinina E D
Published: December 2021

The low-frequency shear wave propagation in a suspension of silica nanoparticles in a polyethylsiloxane liquid was studied. The shear wave length was measured on ultrasonic interferometer, and it is equal to 55 μm. The value of the tangent of the mechanical losses angle is determined to be 0.18. These parameters were used to calculate the shear modulus of the investigated colloidal suspension; its value is 0.15‒105 Pa. The results obtained are in quite agreement with the data obtained by another way of the acoustic resonance method.
Determination of the complex dielectric permeability of liquid at the radiation frequency 32 GHz
Authors: Tsydypov B G , Bazarov A V , Basanov B V , Garmaev B Z , Yu Korovin E , Atutov E B
Published: December 2021

Method and device for measuring the complex dielectric constant of liquids are described. The real part of the complex dielectric constant calculated from the conditions for the maximum and minimum of the measured interference dependence of the reflection coefficient on the layer depth. The imaginary part determined by selection to the maximum coincidence of the calculated and measured dependences of the reflection coefficient.
Changes in the immitance spectra of the cement paste in the initial period of hardening
Authors: Zhuravlev V A , Ugodenko D O , Zhuravlev A V , Suslyaev V I , Prischepa I A , Sarkisov Yu S , Gorlenko N P , Kudyakov A I
Published: December 2021

The paper analyzes changes in the impedance and admittance spectra of the cement slurry during hardening. The spectra were measured in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 2 MHz on a precision RLC meter Agilent E4890A using a homemade capacitor measuring cell. The studies in order to establish the optimal equivalent electrical circuits describing the transformation of the electrophysical properties of the cement slurry and interface phenomena in the near-electrode layer of the measuring cell from the time of hardening were carried out. The sensitivity of the parameters of equivalent circuits to different stages of cement slurry hardening has been established.
Research on Low Frequency Sound Insulation Properties of Membrane-Type Acoustic Metamaterials
Authors: Yin Xiaokai , Xu Yongchao , Cui Hongyu
Published: December 2021

To solve the problem of low-frequency noise control in ship cabins, a new membrane-type acoustic metamaterial (MAM) with bulges on the surface of thin films is designed based on the characteristics of lightweight and low-frequency sound insulation of membrane-type acoustic metamaterials. The sound structure coupling module of COMSOL multiphysical field coupling software is used to analyse the sound insulation performance of MAMs. The sound insulation properties of the additional mass film and self-similar fractal convex structure are further discussed. The metamaterial structure studied in this paper has a better sound insulation effect than ordinary film, which provides strong technical support for ship cabin noise control.