bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Consumers’ Purchasing Intentions for the Hydrogen-Electric Motorcycle
Authors: Chen Han-Shen , Tsai Bi-Kun , Hsieh Chi-Ming
Published: August 2017

In recent years, increasing concerns regarding the energy costs and environmental effects of urban motorcycle use have spurred the development of hydrogen-electric motorcycles in Taiwan. Although gasoline-powered motorcycles produce substantial amounts of exhaust and noise pollution, hydrogen-electric motorcycles are highly energy-efficient, relatively quiet, and produce zero emissions, features that suggest their great potential to reduce the problems currently associated with the use of motorcycles in city environments. This study identified the significant external variables that affect consumers’ purchase intentions toward using hydrogen-electric motorcycles. A questionnaire method was employed with a total of 300 questionnaires distributed and 233 usable questionnaires returned, yielding a 78% overall response rate. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to test the research hypothesis. The research concluded that (1) product knowledge positively influenced purchase intentions but negatively affected the perceived risk; (2) perceived quality via hydrogen-electric motorcycles positively influenced the perceived value but negatively affected the perceived risk; (3) perceived risk negatively affected the perceived value; and (4) the perceived value positively affected purchase intentions. This study can be used as a reference for motorcycle manufacturers when planning their marketing strategies.
Distributed Coordinated Control of Offshore Doubly Fed Wind Turbine Groups Based on the Hamiltonian Energy Method
Authors: Wang Bing , Wu Qiuxuan , Tian Min , Hu Qingyi
Published: August 2017

To support doubly fed wind turbine (DFWT) groups in offshore wind farms, this paper proposes a distributed coordinated control based on the Hamiltonian energy theory. This strategy provides global stability to closed-loop systems and facilitates output synchronization. First, a model of a DFWT is realized as a port-controlled Hamiltonian system with dissipation (PCH-D), and the single-machine model is expanded into a multi-machine model of a wind turbine group. Then, by using the design methodology of distributed Hamiltonian systems, a distributed coordinated control is presented for a multi-machine PCH-D system. Furthermore, to investigate failures in wind turbine groups, they are divided into two cases: the separation of failed machines from the system, and the grid-connected operation of failed machines after a fault. These cases correspond to undirected and directed graphs, respectively. Finally, simulations prove that distributed coordinated control enhances the reliability and autonomy of wind turbine groups in offshore wind farms.
Method of Deriving Shaded Fraction According to Shading Movements of Kinetic Façade
Authors: Choi Su-Ji , Lee Dong-Seok , Jo Jae-Hun
Published: August 2017

Exterior dynamic shading devices, installed on “kinetic façades”, generate shaded areas of various shapes on windows according to the shape of the shading elements and the direction of their movement. The calculation of the shaded area is vitally important because it is directly related to the solar heat gain calculation process in building energy assessments. This paper dis-cusses a dynamic calculation method for deriving shaded fractions in consideration of the irregular shapes and unique movements of the shading elements in kinetic façades. The planar-polygon method was adopted for calculating accurate shaded areas on a window generated by irregularly shaped shade elements. To account for movements of the shading elements, the range of movement directions (i.e., rotating, sliding, etc.) was divided into steps of equivalent intervals. Applying these two methods, a shaded area calculation tool for the kinetic façade was developed. Three movement directions of shading devices were chosen for calculating shaded area, and the values of shaded fractions for six kinetic façade types were derived for different façade orientations during the summer and winter solstices. Lastly, to simplify the detailed calculation method, estimation equations for two types of kinetic façade were derived from a trend analysis of the shaded fraction values. This study deals with both detailed and simplified methods (estimation equation) for deriving the shaded fraction. The detailed method can be a more accurate solution in deriving the shaded fractions generated by complex exterior movable shading devices. However, the simplified method can be adopted in the early design stages to review various shading devices within a brief duration of time.
Can the “Euro-Leaf” Logo Affect Consumers’ Willingness-To-Buy and Willingness-To-Pay for Organic Food and Attract Consumers’ Preferences? An Empirical Study in Greece
Authors: Anastasiou Charalampia , Keramitsoglou Kiriaki , Kalogeras Nikos , Tsagkaraki Maria , Kalatzi Ioanna , Tsagarakis Konstantinos
Published: August 2017

The “Euro-leaf” organic certification logo was adopted and made compulsory by the European Union (EU) a few years ago; the level of consumers’ recognition of this logo has been explored. This paper provides important insights into the effectiveness of the logo in the Greek market. The “Euro-leaf” logo was compared with the two previous EU organic logos; i.e., the voluntary “Organic Farming” and the withdrawn “Bio”. In total, 472 face-to-face interviews were conducted using actual presentations of five officially certified food products. The aim of this research was to investigate the consumers’ willingness-to-buy (WTB), willingness-to-pay (WTP), and their preference towards each of the three logos used for the certification of organic products. Our analysis concludes that for the time being the new logo has failed to develop into a powerful instrument for affecting consumers’ WTB and WTP. Furthermore, it was found to have been the least influential factor that determined their preferences. Design changes and improvements might be necessary in order to better communicate the organic food message.
Substrate Depth, Vegetation and Irrigation Affect Green Roof Thermal Performance in a Mediterranean Type Climate
Authors: Pianella Andrea , Aye Lu , Chen Zhengdong , Williams Nicholas
Published: August 2017

Green roofs are consistently being used to reduce some of the negative environmental impacts of cities. The increasing interest in extensive green roofs requires refined studies on their design and operation, and on the effects of their relevant parameters on green roof thermal performance. The effects of two design parameters, substrate thickness (ST) and conductivity of dry soil (CDS), and four operating parameters, leaf area index (LAI), leaf reflectivity (LR), stomatal resistance (SR), and moisture content (MC), were investigated using the green roof computer model developed by Sailor in 2008. The computer simulations showed that among the operating parameters, LAI has the largest effects on thermal performance while CDS is a more influential design parameter than ST. Experimental investigations of non-vegetated and sparsely vegetated green roofs in Melbourne were principally used to understand the effect of the substrate and enable better understanding of dominant heat transfer mechanisms involved. Investigated green roofs had three substrate thicknesses (100, 150 and 200 mm), and their performance was compared to a bare conventional roof. In contrast to the computer simulations, the experimental results for summer and winter showed the importance of MC and ST in reducing the substrate temperature and heat flux through the green roof.
Application of N-of-1 Experiments to Test the Efficacy of Inactivity Alert Features in Fitness Trackers to Increase Breaks from Sitting in Older Adults
Authors: Rosenberg Dori , Kadokura Elyse , Morris Margaret , Renz Anne , Vilardaga Roger
Published: August 2017

Background: Frequent breaks from sitting could improve health. Many commercially available fitness trackers deliver vibration alerts that could be used to cue sitting breaks. As a potentially pragmatic approach to promote frequent breaks from sitting, we tested the efficacy of inactivity alerts among obese older adults, a highly sedentary population.

Methods: We conducted 10 sequential N-of-1 (single-case) experimental ABA trials. Participants (mean age = 68, mean BMI = 35) were monitored for a baseline phase (“A1”) followed by an intervention phase (“B”). The intervention was then removed and participants were monitored to test an experimental effect (reversal “A2” phase). Total time in the study was limited to 25 days. During the intervention phase (“B”), participants used fitness trackers to stand up or move every time they received an alert (every 15 or 20 minutes of inactivity). Participants wore activPAL devices to measure breaks from sitting each day. Randomization tests were used to determine whether the number of breaks was significantly higher during the “B” phase than the two “A” phases.

Results: Breaks were higher by 7.2 breaks per day during the “B” phase compared to the mean of the “A” phases. Seven out of 10 participants had more sitting breaks during the intervention phase which subsequently decreased during the reversal “A2” phase (combined p-value < .05).

Conclusion: Inactivity alert features within commercially available devices are efficacious for promoting modest improvements in breaks from sitting among older adults with obesity and could be a simple health-promoting strategy in this population.
IN-SYNC. V. Stellar Kinematics and Dynamics in the Orion A Molecular Cloud
Authors: Da Rio Nicola , Tan Jonathan C. , Covey Kevin R. , Cottaar Michiel , Foster Jonathan B. , Cullen Nicholas C. , Tobin John , Kim Jinyoung S. , Meyer Michael R. , Nidever David L. , Stassun Keivan G. , Chojnowski S. Drew , Flaherty Kevin M. , Majewski Steven R. , Skrutskie Michael F. , Zasowski Gail , Pan Kaike
Published: August 2017

The kinematics and dynamics of young stellar populations enable us to test theories of star formation. With this aim, we continue our analysis of the SDSS-III/APOGEE IN-SYNC survey, a high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopic survey of young clusters. We focus on the Orion A star-forming region, for which IN-SYNC obtained spectra of ∼2700 stars. In Paper IV we used these data to study the young stellar population. Here we study the kinematic properties through radial velocities (v

r
). The young stellar population remains kinematically associated with the molecular gas, following a

gradient along the filament. However, near the center of the region, the v

r
distribution is slightly blueshifted and asymmetric; we suggest that this population, which is older, is slightly in the foreground. We find evidence for kinematic subclustering, detecting statistically significant groupings of colocated stars with coherent motions. These are mostly in the lower-density regions of the cloud, while the ONC radial velocities are smoothly distributed, consistent with it being an older, more dynamically evolved cluster. The velocity dispersion

varies along the filament. The ONC appears virialized, or just slightly supervirial, consistent with an old dynamical age. Here there is also some evidence for ongoing expansion, from a v

r
-extinction correlation. In the southern filament,

is ∼2–3 times larger than virial in the L1641N region, where we infer a superposition along the line of sight of stellar subpopulations, detached from the gas. In contrast,

decreases toward L1641S, where the population is again in agreement with a virial state.
Formal Solutions for Polarized Radiative Transfer. II. High-order Methods
Authors: Janett Gioele , Steiner Oskar , Belluzzi Luca
Published: August 2017

When integrating the radiative transfer equation for polarized light, the necessity of high-order numerical methods is well known. In fact, well-performing high-order formal solvers enable higher accuracy and the use of coarser spatial grids. Aiming to provide a clear comparison between formal solvers, this work presents different high-order numerical schemes and applies the systematic analysis proposed by Janett et al., emphasizing their advantages and drawbacks in terms of order of accuracy, stability, and computational cost.
Very Low-energy Supernovae: Light Curves and Spectra of Shock Breakout
Authors: Lovegrove Elizabeth , Woosley S. E. , Zhang Weiqun
Published: August 2017

The brief transient emitted as a shock wave erupts through the surface of a pre-supernova star carrying information about the stellar radius and explosion energy. Here, the CASTRO code, which treats radiation transport using multigroup flux-limited diffusion, is used to simulate the light curves and spectra of shock breakout in very low-energy supernovae (VLE SNe), explosions in giant stars with final kinetic energy much less than 1051 erg. VLE SN light curves, computed here with the KEPLER code, are distinctively faint, red, and long-lived, making them challenging to find with transient surveys. The accompanying shock breakouts are brighter, though briefer, and potentially easier to detect. Previous analytic work provides general guidance, but numerical simulations are challenging, due to the range of conditions and lack of equilibration between color and effective temperatures. We consider previous analytic work and extend discussions of color temperature and opacity to the lower energy range explored by these events. Since this is the first application of the CASTRO code to shock breakout, test simulations of normal energy shock breakout of SN 1987A are carried out and compared with the literature. A set of breakout light curves and spectra are then calculated for VLE SNe with final kinetic energies in the range

erg for red supergiants with main-sequence masses of 15 and 25

. The importance of uncertainties in stellar atmosphere model, opacity, and ambient medium is discussed, as are observational prospects with current and forthcoming missions.
Gaia Reveals a Metal-rich, in situ Component of the Local Stellar Halo
Authors: Bonaca Ana , Conroy Charlie , Wetzel Andrew , Hopkins Philip F. , Kereš Dušan
Published: August 2017

We use the first Gaia data release, combined with the RAVE and APOGEE spectroscopic surveys, to investigate the origin of halo stars within

kpc from the Sun. We identify halo stars kinematically as moving at a relative speed of at least 220 km s−1 with respect to the local standard of rest. These stars are generally less metal-rich than the disk, but surprisingly, half of our halo sample is comprised of stars with

. The orbital directions of these metal-rich halo stars are preferentially aligned with the disk rotation, in sharp contrast with the intrinsically isotropic orbital distribution of the metal-poor halo stars. We find similar properties in the Latte cosmological zoom-in simulation of a Milky Way-like galaxy from the FIRE project. In Latte, metal-rich halo stars formed primarily inside of the solar circle, whereas lower-metallicity halo stars preferentially formed at larger distances (extending beyond the virial radius). This suggests that metal-rich halo stars in the solar neighborhood actually formed in situ within the Galactic disk, rather than having been accreted from satellite systems. These stars, currently on halo-like orbits, therefore have likely undergone substantial radial migration/heating.
Chromospheric Inversions of a Micro-flaring Region
Authors: Reid A. , Henriques V. , Mathioudakis M. , Doyle J. G. , Ray T.
Published: August 2017

We use spectropolarimetric observations of the Ca ii 8542 Å line, taken from the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope, in an attempt to recover dynamic activity in a micro-flaring region near a sunspot via inversions. These inversions show localized mean temperature enhancements of ∼1000 K in the chromosphere and upper photosphere, along with co-spatial bi-directional Doppler shifting of 5–10 km s−1. This heating also extends along a nearby chromospheric fibril, which is co-spatial to 10–15 km s−1 downflows. Strong magnetic flux cancellation is also apparent in one of the footpoints, and is concentrated in the chromosphere. This event more closely resembles that of an Ellerman Bomb, though placed slightly higher in the atmosphere than what is typically observed.
High-resolution Near-infrared Observations of a Small Cluster Associated with a Bright-rimmed Cloud in W5
Authors: Imai Rieko , Sugitani Koji , Miao Jingqi , Fukuda Naoya , Watanabe Makoto , Kusune Takayoshi , Pickles Andrew J.
Published: August 2017

We carried out near-infrared (IR) observations to examine star formation toward the bright-rimmed cloud SFO 12, of which the main exciting star is O7V star in W5-W. We found a small young stellar object (YSO) cluster of six members embedded in the head of SFO 12 facing its exciting star, aligned along the UV radiation incident direction from the exciting star. We carried out high-resolution near-IR observations with the Subaru adaptive optics (AO) system and revealed that three of the cluster members appear to have circumstellar envelopes, one of which shows an arm-like structure in its envelope. Our near-IR and

-band photometry and Spitzer IRAC data suggest that formation of two members at the tip side occurred in advance of other members toward the central part, under our adopted assumptions. Our near-IR data and previous studies imply that more YSOs are distributed in the region just outside the cloud head on the side of the main exciting star, but there is little sign of star formation toward the opposite side. We infer that star formation has been sequentially occurring from the exciting star side to the central part. We examined archival data of far-infrared and CO (

) which reveals that, unlike in the optical image, SFO 12 has a head–tail structure that is along the UV incident direction. This suggests that SFO 12 is affected by strong UV from the main exciting star. We discuss the formation of this head–tail structure and star formation there by comparing with a radiation-driven implosion (RDI) model.
Electron Captures on
as a Trigger for Helium Shell Detonations
Authors: Bauer Evan B. , Schwab Josiah , Bildsten Lars
Published: August 2017

White dwarfs (WDs) that accrete helium at rates

, such as those in close binaries with sdB stars, can accumulate large (

) helium envelopes, which are likely to detonate. We perform binary stellar evolution calculations of sdB+WD binary systems with MESA, incorporating the important reaction chain

(NCO), including a recent measurement for the

rate. In large accreted helium shells, the NCO reaction chain leads to ignitions at the dense base of the freshly accreted envelope, in contrast to

ignitions, which occur away from the base of the shell. In addition, at these accretion rates, the shells accumulate on a timescale comparable to their thermal time, leading to an enhanced sensitivity of the outcome on the accretion rate history. Hence, time dependent accretion rates from binary stellar evolution are necessary to determine the helium layer mass at ignition. We model the observed sdB+WD system CD 

and find that the inclusion of these effects predicts ignition of a

helium shell, nearly a factor of two larger than previous predictions. A shell with this mass will ignite dynamically, a necessary condition for a helium shell detonation.
On the Origin of the Bi-drifting Subpulse Phenomenon in Pulsars
Authors: Szary Andrzej , van Leeuwen Joeri
Published: August 2017

The unique and highly unusual drift feature reported for PSR J0815+0939, wherein one component’s subpulses drift in the direction opposite of the general trend, is a veritable challenge to pulsar theory. In this paper, we observationally quantify the drift direction throughout its profile, and find that the second component is the only one that exhibits “bi-drifting,” meaning that only the second component moves in the direction opposite of the others. We present a model that shows that the observed bi-drifting phenomenon follows from the insight that the discharging regions, i.e., sparks, do not rotate around the magnetic axis per se, but rather around the point of maximum potential at the polar cap. We show that a purely dipolar surface magnetic field cannot exhibit bi-drifting behavior. though certain non-dipolar configurations can. We can distinguish two types of solutions, with relatively low (

) and high (

) surface magnetic fields. Depending on the strength of the surface magnetic field, the radius of the curvature of magnetic field lines ranges from

to

. Pulsar J0815+0939 allows us to gain an understanding of the polar-cap conditions essential for plasma generation processes in the inner acceleration region, by linking the observed subpulse shift to the underlying spark motion.
Successive Two-sided Loop Jets Caused by Magnetic Reconnection between Two Adjacent Filamentary Threads
Authors: Tian Zhanjun , Liu Yu , Shen Yuandeng , Elmhamdi Abouazza , Su Jiangtao , Liu Ying D. , Kordi Ayman. S.
Published: August 2017

We present observational analysis of two successive two-sided loop jets observed by the ground-based New Vacuum Solar Telescope and the space-borne Solar Dynamics Observatory. The two successive two-sided loop jets manifested similar evolution processes and both were associated with the interaction of two small-scale adjacent filamentary threads, magnetic emerging, and cancellation processes at the jet’s source region. High temporal and high spatial resolution observations reveal that the two adjacent ends of the two filamentary threads are rooted in opposite magnetic polarities within the source region. The two threads approached each other, and then an obvious brightening patch is observed at the interaction position. Subsequently, a pair of hot plasma ejections are observed heading in opposite directions along the paths of the two filamentary threads at a typical speed for two-sided loop jets of the order 150 km s−1. Close to the end of the second jet, we report the formation of a bright hot loop structure at the source region, which suggests the formation of new loops during the interaction. Based on the observational results, we propose that the observed two-sided loop jets are caused by magnetic reconnection between the two adjacent filamentary threads, largely different from the previous scenario that a two-sided loop jet is generated by magnetic reconnection between an emerging bipole and the overlying horizontal magnetic fields.
Star Formation Activity of Barred Spiral Galaxies
Authors: Kim Eunbin , Hwang Ho Seong , Chung Haeun , Lee Gwang-Ho , Park Changbom , Sodi Bernardo Cervantes , Kim Sungsoo S.
Published: August 2017

We study the star formation activity of nearby galaxies with bars using a sample of late-type galaxies at

and

from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We compare the physical properties of strongly and weakly barred galaxies with those of non-barred galaxies that have stellar mass and redshift distributions similar to barred galaxies. We find that the star formation activity of strongly barred galaxies probed by starburstiness,

,

, and mid-infrared [3.4]–[12] colors is, on average, lower than that of non-barred galaxies. However, weakly barred galaxies do not show such a difference between barred and non-barred galaxies. The amounts of atomic and molecular gas in strongly barred galaxies are smaller than those in non-barred galaxies, and the gas metallicity is higher in strongly barred galaxies than in non-barred galaxies. The gas properties of weakly barred galaxies again show no difference from those of non-barred galaxies. We stack the optical spectra of barred and non-barred galaxies in several mass bins and fit to the stacked spectra with a spectral fitting code, STARLIGHT. We find no significant difference in stellar populations between barred and non-barred galaxies for both strongly and weakly barred galaxies. Our results are consistent with the idea that the star formation activity of barred galaxies was enhanced in the past along with significant gas consumption, and is currently lower than or similar to that of non-barred galaxies. The past star formation enhancement depends on the strength of bars.
Pebble Accretion at the Origin of Water in Europa
Authors: Ronnet Thomas , Mousis Olivier , Vernazza Pierre
Published: August 2017

Despite the fact that the observed gradient in water content among the Galilean satellites is globally consistent with a formation in a circum-Jovian disk on both sides of the snowline, the mechanisms that led to a low water mass fraction in Europa (∼8%) are not yet understood. Here, we present new modeling results of solids transport in the circum-Jovian disk accounting for aerodynamic drag, turbulent diffusion, surface temperature evolution, and sublimation of water ice. We find that the water mass fraction of pebbles (e.g., solids with sizes of 10−2–1 m) as they drift inward is globally consistent with the current water content of the Galilean system. This opens the possibility that each satellite could have formed through pebble accretion within a delimited region whose boundaries were defined by the position of the snowline. This further implies that the migration of the forming satellites was tied to the evolution of the snowline so that Europa fully accreted from partially dehydrated material in the region just inside of the snowline.
Gentle Heating by Mixing in Cooling Flow Clusters
Authors: Hillel Shlomi , Soker Noam
Published: August 2017

We analyze 3D hydrodynamical simulations of the interaction of jets and the bubbles they inflate with the intracluster medium (ICM) and show that the heating of the ICM by mixing hot bubble gas with the ICM operates over tens of millions of years and hence can smooth the sporadic activity of the jets. The inflation process of hot bubbles by propagating jets forms many vortices, and these vortices mix the hot bubble gas with the ICM. The mixing, and hence the heating of the ICM, starts immediately after the jets are launched, but continues for tens of millions of years. We suggest that the smoothing of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) sporadic activity by the long-lived vortices accounts for the recent finding of a gentle energy coupling between AGN heating and the ICM.
Las armas y el contexto del guerrero de “Las Atalayuelas” (Jaén): una escultura de época ibérica tardía/romano republicana
Authors: Quesada Sanz Fernando , Rueda Galán Carmen
Published: August 2017

Analizamos en detalle las armas romanas representadas en un nuevo fragmento escultórico procedente del entorno del oppidum ibérico de Las Atalayuelas (Jaén), posiblemente del entorno de su santuario periurbano. Aunque fue roto intencionalmente y probablemente reutilizado, conserva suficientes elementos como para saber que se trata de un fragmento de decoración arquitectónica de un monumento importante. Representa un jinete armado con la panoplia defensiva típica de la caballería romana republicana: parma equestris y lorica hamata. Se trata de una obra de un taller local que representaría, bien un jinete romano en una escena de combate, bien un jinete ibérico de alto rango armado ‘a la romana’ en una escena heroizante. Se puede fechar en el s. II a. C. o primeras décadas del I a. C.
Un disco-coraza de hierro de la Bastida de les Alcusses (moixent, valencia)
Authors: Vives-Ferrándiz Sánchez Jaime , Tortajada Comeche Guillermo , Roldán García Clodoaldo
Published: August 2017

Se presenta un disco-coraza de hierro procedente del oppidum ibérico de la Bastida de les Alcusses documentado con motivo de la revisión completa de los hallazgos de las excavaciones realizadas entre 1928 y 1931. La pieza es una lámina seudocircular en cuyo perímetro se distribuyen unos pequeños remaches para suspender el disco a las correas de sujeción, realizadas probablemente en cuero. Después de presentar el disco y los resultados de las analíticas EDXRF que permiten identificar los metales utilizados en la producción del disco (hierro) y los remaches (plata y cobre), se analiza su contexto de hallazgo, se encuadra históricamente esta categoría de armamento defensivo. Finalmente, se interpreta en su contexto social de la primera mitad del siglo IV a. C. en el sudeste ibérico.
Piedra y plomo: la honda frente a los asentamientos fortificados del noreste de la península ibérica a partir del siglo III a. c. y su repercusión en los sistemas defensivos
Authors: Romeo Marugán Francisco
Published: August 2017

El estudio y análisis del complejo sistema de fosos del yacimiento de Los Castellazos, en Mediana de Aragón, Zaragoza, ha llevado a identificar a la honda como una de las armas más utilizadas por la república de Roma para el ataque y asalto de fortificaciones. Para ello se ha realizado el cálculo del alcance de los proyectiles de honda, llegando a la conclusión de que la presencia de defensas exteriores alejadas de los recintos defensivos tiene su explicación en la necesidad de defenderse de esta arma, sobre todo a partir de finales del siglo III y comienzos del siglo II a. C.
Las nueve reglas de la espada de dos manos, y la práctica de la esgrima en Zaragoza hacia 1526
Authors: González Ancín Miguel , Towns Otis
Published: August 2017

El artículo estudia uno de los dos documentos más antiguos en español de tratadística de esgrima. Para tratar de averiguar su autoría se recaba información sobre su entorno más inmediato de producción, con nuevos documentos sobre la enseñanza de la esgrima, exámenes, contratos de aprendices para los grados de esgrima y sus concesiones, licencias, nombramientos, etc. Esto resulta en la aparición de algunos maestros mayores y maestros de esgrima prácticamente desconocidos hasta la fecha, cuya mano pudo escribir el texto.
Armamento de sitio en el Castillo de Chinchilla (Albacete) durante la Guerra de la Independencia: artillería y granadas de mano
Authors: Simón García José Luis , Lorrio Alvarado Alberto J. , Sánchez de Prado M.ª Dolores , Moneo Rodríguez Teresa
Published: August 2017

El hallazgo de un conjunto de granadas de vidrio y algunas piezas de artillería en las excavaciones del Castillo de Chinchilla permite acercarse, desde la Arqueología, al episodio más importante de la Guerra de la Independencia en la actual provincia de Albacete. Su estudio conjunto proporciona información sobre las tácticas utilizadas en los sitios de plazas fuertes durante la contienda.
Estimating the Body Weight of Florida Panthers From Standard Morphometric Measurements
Authors: Bartareau Tad M.
Published: August 2017

Measuring a mammal's body weight has importance in understanding reproductive biology, ecology, and population health. It can be impractical for a researcher to measure the body weight of mammals when equipment needed to weigh individuals is inadequate or unavailable. My objective here was to develop a model to accurately estimate the body weight of Florida panthers Puma concolor coryi Bang based on the relationship between scale weight, sex, and standard morphometric measurement predictor variables obtainable in the field. I used an information-theoretic approach to evaluate simple and multiple linear regression models with 70% of the data, and validated the best model in the set using the remaining 30%. Individuals maintained a similar proportion of body weight to body length, chest girth2, and neck girth measurements, and the relationship was consistent between sexes. My best model explained 94% of the variation in body weight of Florida panthers, and the observed and estimated body weights in the validation data set were not different. The 95% confidence interval on the bias of the estimated body weight ranged from −1.1 to 0.9 kg in the validation data set. This body-weight estimation model will enable retrospective estimates of the body weight of Florida panthers in cases where standard morphometric measurements are available but the individuals were not weighed.
Problems in Cryptography and Cryptanalysis
Authors: Balasubramanian Kannan , M. Rajakani
Published: August 2017

The integer factorization problem used in the RSA cryptosystem, the discrete logarithm problem used in Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange protocol and the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm problem used in Elliptic Curve Cryptography are traditionally considered the difficult problems and used extensively in the design of cryptographic algorithms. We provide a number of other computationally difficult problems in the areas of Cryptography and Cryptanalysis. A class of problems called the Search problems, Group membership problems, and the Discrete Optimization problems are examples of such problems. A number of computationally difficult problems in Cryptanalysis have also been identified including the Cryptanalysis of Block ciphers, Pseudo-Random Number Generators and Hash functions.
Attacks on Implementation of Cryptographic Algorithms
Authors: Balasubramanian Kannan , Rajakani M.
Published: August 2017

This chapter investigates the implementation attacks on cryptographic algorithms. The implementation attacks can be defined as invasive or non-invasive. The major attack types are Probing attacks, Fault Induction attacks, timing attacks, Power analysis attacks and Electromagnetic analysis attacks. The attacks target either the physical leakage of a device in which case they are considered physical attacks or try to observe some parameters of the algorithm which constitute logical attacks. The Various countermeasures for the attacks include physical protection against tampering of the device or use redundant computation in the algorithm to prevent observation of the parameters.
Homomorphic Encryption Schemes
Authors: Balasubramanian Kannan , Mathanan Jayanthi
Published: August 2017

Homomorphic encryption is a technique that enables mathematical operations to be performed on encrypted data. This type of encryption can be used to perform operations on encrypted data by a server without having to provide the key. An example application is searching or querying an encrypted database. The encryption schemes are classified as additive or multiplicative homomorphic if they support addition or multiplication on encrypted data. The Cryptosystems are classified as fully homomorphic, partially homomorphic or somewhat homomorphic based on the type and number of operations supported on the ciphertext.
Zero Knowledge Proofs
Authors: Balasubramanian Kannan , K. Mala
Published: August 2017

Zero knowledge protocols provide a way of proving that a statement is true without revealing anything other than the correctness of the claim. Zero knowledge protocols have practical applications in cryptography and are used in many applications. While some applications only exist on a specification level, a direction of research has produced real-world applications. Zero knowledge protocols, also referred to as zero knowledge proofs, are a type of protocol in which one party, called the prover, tries to convince the other party, called the verifier, that a given statement is true. Sometimes the statement is that the prover possesses a particular piece of information. This is a special case of zero knowledge protocol called a zero-knowledge proof of knowledge. Formally, a zero-knowledge proof is a type of interactive proof.
Cryptographic Voting Protocols
Authors: Balasubramanian Kannan , Mathanan Jayanthi
Published: August 2017

Most of the voting protocols proposed so far can be categorized into two main types based on the approach taken: schemes using blind signatures and schemes using homomorphic encryption. In the schemes using blind signatures, the voter initially obtains a token – a blindly signed message unknown to anyone except himself. In the schemes using homomorphic encryption the voter cooperates with the authorities in order to construct an encryption of his vote. Due to the homomorphic property, an encryption of the sum of the votes is obtained by multiplying the encrypted votes of all voters. This chapter reviews schemes based on blind signatures and homomorphic encryption and proposes improvements to the existing schemes.
Securing Public Key Encryption Against Adaptive Chosen Ciphertext Attacks
Authors: Balasubramanian Kannan
Published: August 2017

To deal with active attacks in public key encryptions, the notion of security against an adaptive chosen ciphertext attack has been defined by Researchers. If an adversary can inject messages into a network, these messages may be ciphertexts, and the adversary may be able to extract partial information about the corresponding cleartexts through its interaction with parties in the network. The Security against chosen ciphertext attack is defined using an “decryption oracle.” Given an encryption of a message the “ciphertext” we want to guarantee that the adversary cannot obtain any partial information about the message. A method of securing Public Key Cryptosystems using hash functions is described in this chapter.
Experiments with the Cryptool Software
Authors: Balasubramanian Kannan
Published: August 2017

Researchers have developed many different types of software for implementing Cryptography algorithms. One such software is Cryptool. This software can be used to demonstrate many Classical Cryptosystems and symmetric-Key Cryptosystems like DES and AES. This software can be used to demonstrate Public Key Cryptosystems like RSA and ECC as well as many hash algorithms like MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, and SHA-512. The usage of the algorithms and sample input and outputs obtained from the software are included for the beginners and learners to the area of Cryptography.
E-Books in University Libraries in Kenya
Authors: Rutto Daniel , Yudah Omondi
Published: August 2017

The academic world is rapidly embracing the use of technology in most of its activities. Information resources, including books, are increasingly being digitised. Global trends indicate an increased use of the digital format of books and journals in universities. This chapter explores these trends with a special attention to Kenyan universities. It analyses the acquisition models in use; the intellectual property issues surrounding the use of e-books; prospects and challenges encountered by universities in the use of e-books. Finally, the chapter addresses the possible future direction that universities in Kenya are likely to take in relation to the use of e-books while recommending some of the important proactive measures to be taken by stakeholders in the country to ensure ethical use of e-books in the country.
Building an Effective Digital Library in a University Teaching Hospital (UTH) in Nigeria
Authors: Ochonogor Wilson Chukwunedum , Okite-Amughoro Faith Ashinedu
Published: August 2017

The wide use of the Internet has resulted in digital libraries that are increasingly used by diverse communities of patrons for varying purposes in which sharing and collaboration have become important social elements. By improving Internet connectivity and growing number of international initiatives, knowledge workers in developing countries are now getting access to scholarly and scientific publications and electronic resources at a level that is unmatched historically. The university teaching hospital library requires up-to-date information that can be quickly accessed in order to increase and optimize healthcare service delivery. As such, the objective of this chapter is to ensure that all involved in the implementation of digitization in the university teaching hospitals live up to their expectations.
Institutional Repositories as Impetus for Curbing Plagiarism in Nigerian Universities
Authors: Ashaver Doosuur Dianne
Published: August 2017

This chapter is an exposition on the Institutional Repositories as impetus to curbing plagiarism in Nigerian universities. The chapter analyses the nature of academic plagiarism and its prevalence in institutions of higher learning in Nigeria especially among students and faculty members. The chapter also proffers strategies which universities can employ to minimise and or eventually curb plagiarism.
A Theoretical Approach to the Adoption of Electronic Resource Management Systems (ERMS) in Nigerian University Libraries
Authors: Adegbore Adebayo Muritala , Quadri Monsuru Omotayo , Oyewo Oyekanmi Rasaq
Published: August 2017

This chapter discusses a theoretical approach to the adoption of electronic resource management systems in Nigeria university libraries. The nature of electronic resources calls for a special way of managing it thereby the invention and adoption of electronic resource management systems (ERMS). However, observation revealed that Nigerian libraries have yet to largely adopt it. It is therefore necessary to theoretically outline the factors promoting adoption of new technologies, in order for Nigerian libraries to take a cue. This chapter proposes a theoretical approach to the adoption of ERMS in Nigerian libraries.
Copyright Challenges in Digital Libraries in Kenya From the Lens of a Librarian
Authors: Kamau Grace Wambui
Published: August 2017

This chapter examines copyright issues and challenges facing digital libraries with a specific emphasis on Kenya. It covers a number of issues such as the meaning, characteristics and advantages of a digital library; the copyright concept, copyright challenges in the creation of digital libraries such as permissions for digitisation of copyrighted materials; critical issues that influence access and use of electronic information resources such as excessive information protection; as well as lack of or limited knowledge on copyright among users and librarians. Other issues discussed include Digital Rights Management (DRM), access to published works by people with visual disability, and orphan works. The author recommends additional education and training on copyright for librarians and information users; regular updating of the copyright law; copyright law reforms that ensure a balance between copyright restrictions and exceptions; promotion of open access publishing, and development of copyright policies for libraries.
Managing Intellectual Property in Digital Libraries
Authors: Quadri R. F. , Sodiq O. A.
Published: August 2017

The advent of digital libraries has revolutionized dissemination and utilization of information in this modern age. However, intellectual property constitutes a major barrier to the development of digital libraries. This chapter examines the roles of digital librarians in the management of intellectual property, especially copyright, in digital libraries. Digital librarians are expected to safeguard intellectual property in digital libraries by controlling the utilisation of copyrighted information resources and educating their user communities on the copyright status of information resources. The need for digital librarians to increase their digital collections through digitization and partnership with other digital libraries is also discussed.
Institutional Digital Repository and the Challenges of Global Visibility in Nigeria
Authors: Sadiku Shaibu A. , Kpakiko Mohammed M. , Tsafe Aliyu G.
Published: August 2017

This chapter focuses on the issues around building and sustaining an institutional digital repository and its corresponding challenges to global visibility in Nigeria. The chapter argues that building and sustaining an institutional digital repository project requires the state-of-the-art technological infrastructure, skilled manpower, and strong financial backing including ICT skilled user community.
Digital Libraries and Copyright of Intellectual Property
Authors: Bakare Abdullahi A.
Published: August 2017

This chapter examines the ethical management of digital collections in a way that enhances compliance to copyright requirements. The chapter clarifies similarities and differences between the terms digital, electronic and virtual. The author emphasises that the digital librarians have a duty to preserve their professional integrity by committing to professional ideals in carrying out various information dissemination activities in a manner that guarantees positive consequences for the users, the library and all other stakeholders such as the owner of the intellectual property, the parent organization, the professional association and the society at large.
Higher Education Out-of-the-Box
Authors: Lytras Miltiadis D. , Papadopoulou Paraskevi , Marouli Christina , Misseyanni Anastasia
Published: August 2017

Engaged Scholarship entails utilizing Technology driven Learning Innovation in Higher Education (HE) in an integrative manner and more than before in an Out-of-the-Box approach. Proper use of ICTs in higher learning educational systems ensures that not only the resources of the institutions are put in good use but that academic service learning, community based research and community engagement are enhanced. This chapter looks to discuss and address the various challenges HE institutions face as they try to adopt engaged scholarship by putting emphasis on proper use of ICTs and examining the implementation and impact of various ICT tools and of the social media. This will drive engaged scholarship, and the type of learning and development required to empower the stakeholders. Our main point is that proper and often Out-of-the-Box use of ICT tools in Higher Education could increase the engagement of the individuals in the learning process, help empower them and thus also improve their Quality of Life but also lead to improved Economic Development and Sustainability.
Connecting Concepts of Self-Efficacy, Engaged Scholarship, and Civic Responsibility Among Student-Veterans
Authors: Dials-Corujo Shaneen
Published: August 2017

An estimated 23 million veterans lived in the United States in 2013, when the U.S. spent approximately $99 billion on veterans' benefits, $4.4 billion of which funded education and vocational rehabilitation. This denotes increased presence of combat student-veterans in colleges, which signifies a growing need to understand their educational experiences. Research connects high self-efficacy and academic achievement. This study aimed for a deeper understanding of the educational experiences of combat student-veterans who had achieved academic degrees following deployment in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Qualitative methodology was used as a source of in-depth exploration to identify conditions enhancing combat student-veterans' motivation in the college classroom. Using Yin's multiple-case-study research design, information was gathered from nine individual combat student-veteran perspectives. Findings indicated that mastery experience, vicarious experience and social persuasion were major sources of self-efficacy among student-veterans.
Telemedicine and Telehealth
Authors: Brown-Jackson Kim L.
Published: August 2017

Despite identifying the importance of telemedicine and telehealth education in scholarly environments, researchers rarely explore the dynamics of taking some of this learning to the community to engage in prevention. Medical professionals are consistently receiving education to enhance their knowledge, skills, and capabilities. Telemedicine and Telehealth have a new role in the community and is akin to house calls from the past. Engaged in this text is the action for medical professionals, government officials, and civic leaders to work together to move prevention health study to the community. This movement promotes the sharing of knowledge and understanding between the scholarly world and the communities they serve. The researcher concludes with the discussion of the responsibility required in the learning process at all levels. This text will provide a guideline for such an engaged and shared approach to healthcare prevention, as well as implications for future research and practice.