bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Wall Mechanics in the Hemodynamics of a Realistic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Fluid‐Structure Interaction Study
Authors: Moradicheghamahi Jafar
Published: April 2024

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) can lead to high mortality rates and further complications such as stroke or heart attack due to the risk of rupture and thrombosis. Wall mechanics play a crucial role in the development and progression of aneurysms. This study investigated the effects of wall mechanics on hemodynamic parameters in AAA to understand the risk of rupture and thrombosis. The impact of three aortic wall models (rigid, linear elastic, and hyperelastic) on structural and hemodynamic parameters was examined using CFD and FSI techniques. The blood was modeled using the Carreau non‐Newtonian model, and the flow was simulated using the k‐ω model. Physiological pulses were used for the velocity at the inlet and the pressure at the outlet. The results demonstrated close similarity between the predictions of the linear elastic and hyperelastic models, in contrast to the somewhat different results of the rigid model. The hyperelastic model predicted higher deformation and von Mises stress levels than the elastic model, although the difference in stress predictions was smaller than the difference in deformation predictions. The rigid model evaluated the time‐averaged wall shear stress and oscillatory shear index higher than the other two models in the aneurysmal area but with a lower relative residence time. In general, the hyperelastic model predicted a higher risk of rupture than linear elastic models and a higher risk of thrombus formation than the other two models. The rigid model had the most optimistic prediction.
Clinical Characteristics of EGPA Patients in Comparison to GPA Subgroup with Increased Blood Eosinophilia from POLVAS Registry
Authors: Drynda Anna , Padjas Agnieszka , Wójcik Krzysztof , Dziedzic Radosław , Biedroń Grzegorz , Wawrzycka-Adamczyk Katarzyna , Włudarczyk Anna , Wilańska Joanna , Musiał Jacek , Zdrojewski Zbigniew , Czuszyńska Zenobia , Masiak Anna , Majdan Maria , Jeleniewicz Radosław , Augustyniak-Bartosik Hanna , Jakuszko Katarzyna , Krajewska Magdalena , Dębska-Ślizień Alicja , Storoniak Hanna , Bułło-Piontecka Barbara , Tłustochowicz Witold , Kur-Zalewska Joanna , Wisłowska Małgorzata , Głuszko Piotr , Madej Marta , Jassem Ewa , Damps-Konstańska Iwona , Kucharz Eugeniusz , Brzosko Marek , Milchert Marcin , Hawrot-Kawecka Anna , Miłkowska-Dymanowska Joanna , Górski Paweł , Lewandowska-Polak Anna , Makowska Joanna , Zalewska Joanna , Zaręba Lech , Bazan-Socha Stanisława
Published: April 2024

Objective. To characterize the eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) population from the POLVAS registry depending on ANCA status and diagnosis onset, including their comparison with the granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) subset with elevated blood eosinophilia (min. 400/μl) (GPA HE) to develop a differentiating strategy. Methods. A retrospective analysis of the POLVAS registry. Results. The EGPA group comprised 111 patients. The ANCA‐positive subset (n = 45 [40.54%]) did not differ from the ANCA‐negative one in clinics. Nevertheless, cardiovascular manifestations were more common in ANCA‐negative patients than in those with anti‐myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibodies (46.97% vs. 26.92%, p = 0.045). Patients diagnosed before 2012 (n = 70 [63.06%]) were younger (median 41 vs. 49 years, p  < 0.01), had higher blood eosinophilia at diagnosis (median 4,946 vs. 3,200/μl, p  < 0.01), and more often ear/nose/throat (ENT) and cardiovascular involvement. GPA HE comprised 42 (13.00%) out of 323 GPA cases with reported blood eosinophil count. Both GPA subsets had a lower prevalence of respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurologic manifestations but more often renal and ocular involvement than EGPA. EGPA also had cutaneous and gastrointestinal signs more often than GPA with normal blood eosinophilia (GPA NE) but not GPA HE. The model differentiating EGPA from GPA HE, using ANCA status and clinical manifestations, had an AUC of 0.92, sensitivity of 96%, and specificity of 95%. Conclusion. Cardiovascular symptoms were more prevalent in the ANCA‐negative subset than in the MPO‐ANCA‐positive one. Since EGPA and GPE HE share similarities in clinics, diagnostic misleading may result in an inappropriate therapeutic approach. Further studies are needed to optimize their differentiation and tailored therapy, including biologics.
Competition, Survival Issue, and Performance Constraints of Banks: Evidence from Ethiopian Private Commercial Banks
Authors: Dembel Tura Bekana
Published: April 2024

Banks are financial institutions that are crucial to the accomplishment of development objectives because they transfer money from surplus to deficit parties. This study examines the competition, survival, and performance constraints of commercial banks in Ethiopia using the DEA and CAMEL frameworks from 2015 to 2020. The nonparametric (DEA) approach was applied to approximate the overall technical efficiency score of the banks under consideration. The empirical study used twelve private commercial banks operating in Ethiopia, excluding four banks because of a lack of appropriate and audited financial data and no risk assessment between the study periods. The result of the study reveals that under CRS, except for Abyssinia, Anbesa, and Nib International Banks, the remaining banks are more efficient. Under VRS, while Abyssinia Bank was less efficient, other banks were found to be more efficient. Under scale efficiency, Abyssinia, Anbesa, and Nib International Banks were found to be less efficient, while the remaining banks were more efficient. The composite ranking of the CAMEL framework portrays that Awash International Bank, Zemen, and Wegagen Banks were found in the top three ranks, while Cooperative Bank of Oromia, Dashen, and Abyssinia Banks were found in the bottom position. The regression result demonstrates that the ratios of total capital to total assets, loans to assets, total loans to total deposits, and CAR have a positive effect on bank profitability, whereas the ratio of total loans to the number of branches has a statistically negative and significant influence on the return on assets.
The Value of Follow‐Up Liver Stiffness Changes Measured by Virtual Touch Quantification Elastography for Predicting Recurrence of Gastroesophageal Varices after Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy on Cirrhotic Patients
Authors: Duan Yayang , Zhang Jinfei , Fan Min , Kong Derun , Zhang Chaoxue
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims. Recurrence of gastroesophageal varices (GEVs) after sclerotherapy is a public health problem. However, mass screening of recurrence of GEVs through gastroscopy is a high‐cost procedure. We aim to evaluate the changes in liver stiffness (LS) over time after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) and determine its value in predicting the recurrence of GEVs. Methods. One hundred and thirty‐five patients with GEVs who underwent EIS treatment were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups, namely, the nonrecurrence and recurrence groups, based on endoscopic findings at 6 months after discharge. LS measurements were obtained on five occasions. Repeated measure analysis of variance was employed to assess LS differences at different time points and compare them between the two groups. Results. The LS values during the 6‐month postdischarge period were consistently higher than the baseline value (measured on the day of hospitalization). The recurrence group demonstrated sustained elevated LS levels throughout the 6‐month follow‐up period, while the nonrecurrence group showed a gradual decline in LS. The difference in LS trend between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.04). The area under the curve (AUC) values for LS differences were 0.806, with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.640‐0.918 and a cut‐off value of 0.556, indicating their potential utility in predicting GEV recurrence. Conclusions. Longitudinal assessment of LS values in post‐EIS patients can provide valuable information for predicting the recurrence of GEVs.
Adaptive Optimal Terminal Sliding Mode Control for T-S Fuzzy-Based Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Soltanian Farzad , Valadbeigi Amir Parviz , Tavoosi Jafar , Aazami Rahmat , Shasadeghi Mokhtar , Shirkhani Mohammadamin , Azizi Amirreza
Published: April 2024

This study utilizes the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model to represent a subset of nonlinear systems and presents an innovative adaptive approach for optimal dynamic terminal sliding mode control (TSMC). The systems under consideration encompass bounded uncertainties in parameters and actuators, as well as susceptibility to external disturbances. Performance evaluation entails the design of an adaptive terminal sliding surface through a two-step process. Initially, a state feedback gain and controller are developed using Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) techniques, grounded on H2-performance and partial eigenstructure assignment. Dynamic sliding gain is subsequently attained via convex optimization, leveraging the derived state feedback gain and the designed terminal sliding mode (TSM) controller. This approach diverges from conventional methods by incorporating control effort and estimating actuator uncertainty bounds, while also addressing sliding surface and TSM controller design intricacies. The TSM controller is redefined into a strict feedback form, rendering it suitable for addressing output-tracking challenges in nonlinear systems. Comparative simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed TSM controller, emphasizing its practical applicability.
Promoting Seed Germination of Some Plant Species by Rhamnolipid Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Ghazi Faisal Zeena
Published: April 2024

With growing environmental concerns and a growing world population, there is an interest in developing cheap, efficient, and environmentally friendly substances that benefit humanity. Microbial surfactants are nontoxic, biodegradable bioproducts that provide sustainable solutions in agricultural applications due to their many benefits over their synthetic counterparts. Hence the crucial importance of scientific research to understand the effect of microbial surfactants on plant development. The present study aimed to assess the effect of rhamnolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa on seed germination of wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), onion (Allium cepa), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under laboratory conditions. The results showed that P. aeruginosa was capable of producing 3.83 g/L of viscous, honey-colored rhamnolipid, which was capable of lowering the surface tension to 30 ± 0.33 mN/m. Different concentrations of rhamnolipid ranging from 0.25 to 1.00 g/L were assessed, with distilled water acting as a control. After treatment of seeds, results showed that applying 0.25 g/L of rhamnolipid can significantly increase seed germination to 100% on the fourth day of sowing okra and lettuce, and on the fifth day of sowing onion seeds, compared to control groups that recorded 60%, 50%, and 55%, respectively. In wheat and barley seeds, applying rhamnolipid can protect seeds from pathogenic fungi while delaying their germination to 60% and 70% on the third day of sowing, while 90% and 100% have been reported in the control groups. Thus, this biological molecule demonstrates promising results in enhancing seed germination of the studied species by protecting them from phytopathogens and then aiding plant growth.
6-Octadecenoic and Oleic Acid in Liquid Smoke Rice Husk Showed COVID-19 Inhibitor Properties
Authors: Arundina Ira , Frimayanti Neni , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Budhy Theresia Indah , Iskandar Benni
Published: April 2024

In recent years, liquid smoke rice husk (LSRH) has shown its therapeutic potency to diabetes, wound healing, stomatitis, and periodontitis. The phenol, 6-octadecenoic acid, oleic acid, and 9-octadecanoic acid were responsible for their therapeutic effect. The LSRH also demonstrated their potential for infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Therefore, the molecular dynamics (MDs) simulation and pharmacophore analysis was performed to analyse the binding stability of 6-octadecenoic and oleic acid. Based on MD simulation, 6-octadecenoic and oleic acids seemed to retain their interactions with Ser144 and Thr24, respectively, with hydrogen bond distance less than 2.9 Å. This interaction was stable during the simulation and has hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds/acceptors. The 6-octadecenoic acid and oleic acid were confirmed to have great potency as inhibitors for COVID-19. These compounds also showed that the existence of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds/acceptors could increase biological activity.
Bridging the Gap from Bench to Bedside: A Call for In Vivo Preclinical Models to Advance Endometrial Cancer and Cervical Cancer Immuno-oncology Research
Authors: Chambers Laura , Haight Paulina , Chalif Julia , Mehra Yogita , Spakowicz Daniel , Backes Floor J. , Cosgrove Casey M. , O’Malley David M. , Vargas Roberto , Corr Bradley R. , Bae-Jump Victoria L. , Arend Rebecca C.
Published: April 2024

Advanced-stage endometrial and cervical cancers are associated with poor outcomes despite contemporary advances in surgical techniques and therapeutics. Recent clinical trial results have led to a shift in the treatment paradigm for both malignancies, in which immunotherapy is now incorporated as the standard of care up front for most patients with advanced endometrial and cervical cancers as the standard of care. Impressive response rates have been observed, but unfortunately, a subset of patients do not benefit from immunotherapy, and survival remains poor. Continued preclinical research and clinical trial development are crucial for our understanding of resistance mechanisms to immunotherapy and maximization of therapeutic efficacy. In this setting, syngeneic models are preferred over xenograft models as they allow for the evaluation of the tumor–immune interaction in an immunocompetent host, most closely mimicking the tumor–immune interaction in patients with cancer. Unfortunately, significant disparities exist about syngeneic models in gynecologic malignancy, in which queries from multiple large bioscience companies confirm no commercial availability of endometrial or cervical cancer syngeneic cell lines. Published data exist about the recent development of several endometrial and cervical cancer syngeneic cell lines, warranting further investigation. Closing the disparity gap for preclinical models in endometrial and cervical cancers will support physician scientists, basic and translational researchers, and clinical trialists who are dedicated to improving outcomes for our patients with advanced disease and poor prognosis.
Clinical and Biomarker Analysis of a Phase I/II Study of PDR001 Plus Imatinib for Advanced Treatment-Refractory Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Kim Hyung-Don , Ryu Min-Hee , Park Young Soo , Yoo Changhoon , Kim Sung-Joo , Kang Yoon-Koo
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

In this phase Ib/II study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PDR001, an anti-PD1 antibody, in combination with imatinib in patients with treatment-refractory gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).

Patients and Methods:

Patients with advanced GIST whose disease had progressed on imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib were enrolled. In phase Ib, the standard 3 + 3 dose escalation scheme was applied. Intravenous administration of PDR001 at 400 mg for every 4 weeks plus imatinib (300 and 400 mg daily for dose levels I and II, respectively) was given. The primary outcome for phase II was the disease control rate at 12 weeks. Exploratory biomarker analysis was performed based on PDL1 IHC, next-generation sequencing, and multiplexed IHC.

Results:

No dose-limiting toxicity was observed in the phase Ib part (n = 10), and dose level II was selected as the recommended phase II dose. In the phase II part (n = 29), there was no objective response, and the disease control rate at 12 weeks was 37.9%, not meeting the primary efficacy endpoint. For patients in phase Ib–dose level II and phase II (n = 36), the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were 2.3 and 9.5 months, respectively. The most common grade 3 to 4 adverse event was anemia. Exploratory biomarker analysis indicated that a higher CD8+ T-cell density was associated with a favorable PFS but to a limited degree. Tumor mutational burden and PDL1 were not associated with better PFS.

Conclusions:

In patients with treatment-refractory GIST, PDR001 in combination with imatinib was generally tolerable, but it was not effective.
Germline Testing Identifies Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic Variants in Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Mohindroo Chirayu , Baydogan Seyda , Agarwal Parul , Wright Robin D. , Prakash Laura R. , Mork Maureen E. , Klein Alison P. , Laheru Daniel A. , Maxwell Jessica E. , Katz Matthew H.G. , Dasari Arvind , Kim Michael P. , He Jin , McAllister Florencia , De Jesus-Acosta Ana
Published: April 2024

Ten percent of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) are related to inherited syndromes (MEN1, MEN4, VHL, NF1, and TSC). Growing evidence suggests that clinically sporadic pNETs can also harbor germline pathogenic variants. In this study, we report the prevalence of pathologic/likely pathologic (P/LP) germline variants in a high-risk cohort and an unselected cohort. We collected clinical data of patients with pNETs seen at MD Anderson Cancer Center and Johns Hopkins Hospital. The high-risk cohort included (n = 132) patients seen at MD Anderson Cancer Center who underwent germline testing for high-risk criteria (early onset, personal or family history of cancer, and syndromic features) between 2013 and 2019. The unselected cohort included (n = 106) patients seen at Johns Hopkins Hospital who underwent germline testing following their diagnosis of pNETs between 2020 and 2022. In the high-risk cohort (n = 132), 33% (n = 44) had P/LP variants. The majority of the patients had P/LP variants in MEN1 56% (n = 25), followed by DNA repair pathways 18% (n = 8), and 7% (n = 3) in MSH2 (Lynch syndrome). Patients with P/LP were younger (45 vs. 50 years; P = 0.002). In the unselected cohort (n = 106), 21% (n = 22) had P/LP. The majority were noted in DNA repair pathways 40% (n = 9) and MEN1 36% (n = 8). Multifocal tumors correlated with the presence of P/LP (P = 0.0035). MEN1 germline P/LP variants correlated with younger age (40 vs. 56 years; P = 0.0012), presence of multifocal tumors (P < 0.0001), and World Health Organization grade 1 histology (P = 0.0078). P/LP variants are prevalent in patients with clinically sporadic pNET irrespective of high-risk features. The findings support upfront universal germline testing in all patients with pNET.

Prevention Relevance: Here, we present germline data from the largest reported cohort of patients with pNET (n = 238), comprising both a high-risk cohort and an unselected cohort. In both cohorts, we identify a high number of P/LPs, including those in the DNA repair pathway. Our findings support universal germline testing in patients with pNET.
High-Resolution Characterization of Enamel Remineralization Using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Kiesow Andreas , Morawietz Maria , Gruner Jennifer , Gierth Stephan , Berthold Lutz , Schneiderman Eva , St. John Samuel
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the suitability of high-resolution time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) for visualizing cross-sectional changes in human enamel microstructure and chemical composition during treatment and remineralization cycling of artificially generated caries lesions underneath an artificial plaque. Methods: Treatments consisted of exposure to twice daily toothpaste/water slurries prepared from 0, 1,100, and 5,000 μg/g fluoride (F) NaF/silica toothpastes. In addition, treatments with slurries prepared from 1,100 μg/g F SnF2/silica toothpastes were done using 44Ca in the remineralization solution to allow for differentiation of newly formed mineral and exploration of incorporated metal dopants using ToF-SIMS. Complementary microhardness, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) investigations were performed on enamel cross sections. Results: HR-TEM was used for the first time to determine the change in crystallinity during remineralization revealing distinct microstructural zones within one lesion. Chemical mapping using ToF-SIMS demonstrated that the distribution of F, while observed primarily in the new mineral phase, was widespread throughout the lesion with 44Ca substantially limited to the remineralizing mineral. Both penetrated the inter-rod spaces of the sound enamel illustrating how acid damage propagates into the native mineral as the caries lesion deepens. HR-TEM examination revealed different regions within the lesion characterized by distinct micro- and ultrastructures. Importantly, HR-TEM revealed a return of crystallinity following remineralization. F dose-response observations verified the ability of these high-resolution techniques to differentiate remineralization efficacy. Conclusion: The collective results provided new insights such as the visualization of F or calcium penetration pathways, as well as new tools to study the caries process.
Pediatric Endocrine Society Statement on Considerations for Use of Teplizumab (Tzield™) in Clinical Practice
Authors: Mehta Shilpa , Ryabets-Lienhard Anna , Patel Neha , Breidbart Emily , Libman Ingrid , Haller Michael J. , Simmons Kimber M. , Sims Emily K. , DiMeglio Linda A. , Gitelman Stephen E. , Griffin Kurt J. , Tonyushkina Ksenia N.
Published: April 2024

Teplizumab (TzieldTM, Provention Bio), a monoclonal antibody directed at T-cell marker CD3, is the first medication approved by the FDA to delay progression from stage 2 to stage 3 type 1 diabetes. To date, the overwhelming majority of pediatric endocrinologists do not have experience using immunotherapeutics and seek guidance on the use of teplizumab in clinical practice. To address this need, the Pediatric Endocrine Society (PES) Diabetes Special Interest Group (Diabetes SIG) and Drug and Therapeutics Committee assembled a task force to review clinical trial data and solicit expert recommendations on the approach to teplizumab infusions. We present considerations on all aspects of teplizumab administration, utilizing evidence where possible and providing a spectrum of expert opinions on unknown aspects. We discuss patient selection and prescreening, highlighting the safety and considerations for monitoring and treatment of side effects. We propose a schedule of events, a protocol for administration, and discuss practice management aspects. We advocate for the need for further long-term systematic surveillance studies to continue evaluating the efficacy and safety of teplizumab.
Left OFC Activation in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy during an Inhibitory Control Task in an Early Years Sample: Integrating Stress Responses with Cognitive Function and Brain Activation
Authors: Ramacciotti Mirela C.C. , Soares Junior Raimundo da Silva , Sato João Ricardo , Gualtieri Mirella
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Previous functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies using Go/No-Go (GNG) tasks have focused on brain activation in relation to cognitive processes, particularly inhibitory control (IC). The results of these studies commonly describe right hemispheric engagement of the dorsolateral, ventromedial, or inferior frontal regions of the prefrontal cortex. Considering that typical healthy cognitive development is negatively correlated with higher cortisol levels (which may alter brain development), the overarching aim of the current study was to investigate how elevated stress (due to unforeseeable events such as the pandemic) impacts early cognitive development. Method: In this study, we examined fNIRS data collected from a sample of children (aged 2–4 years) during a GNG task relative to the response to stressors measured via hair cortisol concentrations. We acquired data in an ecological setting (Early Childhood Education and Care) during the coronavirus pandemic. Results: We found that children with higher stress levels and a less efficient IC recruited more neural terrain and our group-level analysis indicated activation in the left orbitofrontal area during IC performance. Conclusions: A contextual stressor may disrupt accuracy in the executive function of IC early in development. More research efforts are needed to understand better how an orbitofrontal network subserves goal-directed behavior.
Jóvenes de película: genealogía y cine juvenil en Chile del siglo XX
Authors: Aguilera-Ruiz Oscar
Published: April 2024

(analytical)This article presents the results of a genealogical analysis of the representation of young people in Chilean fiction films released between 1939-1999. The study involved analyzing 43 feature films, as well as examining archives with documents and cultural products from each era and documenting the lives of the directors and the reception of the films when they were released. The author developed a methodology titled Youth Film Archives that involves cinematographic analysis and identifying the presence of the three plot structures used to represent young people in these films: class, love/and expected trajectories. The study evidences the importance of the historical analysis ofyouth film production, given the role that cultural productions like cinema have in constructing our ideas about young people.
Differential Impact In Vivo of Pf4-ΔCre–Mediated and Gp1ba-ΔCre–Mediated Depletion of Cyclooxygenase-1 in Platelets in Mice
Authors: Tang Soon Yew , Lordan Ronan , Meng Hu , Auerbach Benjamin J. , Hennessy Elizabeth J. , Sengupta Arjun , Das Ujjalkumar S. , Joshi Robin , Marcos-Contreras Oscar A. , McConnell Ryan , Grant Gregory R. , Ricciotti Emanuela , Muzykantov Vladimir R. , Grosser Tilo , Weiljie Aalim M. , FitzGerald Garret A.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Low-dose aspirin is widely used for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The beneficial effects of low-dose aspirin are attributable to its inhibition of platelet Cox (cyclooxygenase)-1–derived thromboxane A
2
. Until recently, the use of the Pf4 (platelet factor 4) Cre has been the only genetic approach to generating megakaryocyte/platelet ablation of Cox-1 in mice. However, Pf4-ΔCre displays ectopic expression outside the megakaryocyte/platelet lineage, especially during inflammation. The use of the Gp1ba (glycoprotein 1bα) Cre promises a more specific, targeted approach.

METHODS:

To evaluate the role of Cox-1 in platelets, we crossed Pf4-ΔCre or Gp1ba-ΔCre mice with Cox-1
flox/flox
mice to generate platelet Cox-1
−/−
mice on normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic (Ldlr
−/−
; low-density lipoprotein receptor) backgrounds.

RESULTS:

Ex vivo platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid or adenosine diphosphate in platelet-rich plasma was inhibited to a similar extent in Pf4-ΔCre Cox-1
−/−
/Ldlr
−/−
and Gp1ba-ΔCre Cox-1
−/−
/Ldlr
−/−
mice. In a mouse model of tail injury, Pf4-ΔCre–mediated and Gp1ba-ΔCre–mediated deletions of Cox-1 were similarly efficient in suppressing platelet prostanoid biosynthesis. Experimental thrombogenesis and attendant blood loss were similar in both models. However, the impact on atherogenesis was divergent, being accelerated in the Pf4-ΔCre mice while restrained in the Gp1ba-ΔCres. In the former, accelerated atherogenesis was associated with greater suppression of PGI
2
biosynthesis, a reduction in the lipopolysaccharide-evoked capacity to produce PGE
2
(prostaglandin E) and PGD
2
(prostanglandin D), activation of the inflammasome, elevated plasma levels of IL-1β (interleukin), reduced plasma levels of HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein receptor-cholesterol), and a reduction in the capacity for reverse cholesterol transport. By contrast, in the latter, plasma HDL-C and α-tocopherol were elevated, and MIP-1α (macrophage inflammatory protein-1α) and MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) were reduced.

CONCLUSIONS:

Both approaches to Cox-1 deletion similarly restrain thrombogenesis, but a differential impact on Cox-1–dependent prostanoid formation by the vasculature may contribute to an inflammatory phenotype and accelerated atherogenesis in Pf4-ΔCre mice.
Wnt Signaling Inhibition Prevents Postnatal Inflammation and Disease Progression in Mouse Congenital Myxomatous Valve Disease
Authors: Xu Na , Alfieri Christina M. , Yu Yang , Guo Minzhe , Yutzey Katherine E.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Myxomatous valve disease (MVD) is the most common cause of mitral regurgitation, leading to impaired cardiac function and heart failure. MVD in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome includes valve leaflet thickening and progressive valve degeneration. However, the underlying mechanisms by which the disease progresses remain undefined.

METHODS:

Mice with
Fibrillin 1
gene variant
Fbn1

C1039G/+

recapitulate histopathologic features of Marfan syndrome, and Wnt (Wingless-related integration site) signaling activity was detected in
TCF/Lef-lacZ
(T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor-β-galactosidase) reporter mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed from mitral valves of wild-type and
Fbn1

C1039G/+

mice at 1 month of age. Inhibition of Wnt signaling was achieved by conditional induction of the secreted Wnt inhibitor Dkk1 (Dickkopf-1) expression in periostin-expressing valve interstitial cells of
Periostin
-Cre;
tetO-Dkk1; R26rtTA; TCF/Lef-lacZ; Fbn1

C1039G/+

mice. Dietary doxycycline was administered for 1 month beginning with MVD initiation (1-month-old) or MVD progression (2-month-old). Histological evaluation and immunofluorescence for ECM (extracellular matrix) and immune cells were performed.

RESULTS:

Wnt signaling is activated early in mitral valve disease progression, before immune cell infiltration in
Fbn1

C1039G/+

mice. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed similar mitral valve cell heterogeneity between wild-type and
Fbn1

C1039G/+

mice at 1 month of age. Wnt pathway genes were predominantly expressed in valve interstitial cells and valve endothelial cells of
Fbn1

C1039G/+

mice. Inhibition of Wnt signaling in
Fbn1

C1039G/+

mice at 1 month of age prevented the initiation of MVD as indicated by improved ECM remodeling and reduced valve leaflet thickness with decreased infiltrating macrophages. However, later, Wnt inhibition starting at 2 months did not prevent the progression of MVD.

CONCLUSIONS:

Wnt signaling is involved in the initiation of mitral valve abnormalities and inflammation but is not responsible for later-stage valve disease progression once it has been initiated. Thus, Wnt signaling contributes to MVD progression in a time-dependent manner and provides a promising therapeutic target for the early treatment of congenital MVD in Marfan syndrome.
Greenspaces And Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Keith Rachel J. , Hart Joy L. , Bhatnagar Aruni
Published: April 2024

Accumulating evidence suggests that living in areas of high surrounding greenness or even brief exposures to areas of high greenery is conducive to cardiovascular health, which may be related to the environmental, social, psychological, and physiological benefits of greenspaces. Recent data from multiple cross-sectional, longitudinal, and cohort studies suggest that living in areas of high surrounding greenness is associated with a lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. High levels of neighborhood greenery have been linked also to a decrease in the burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors as reflected by lower rates of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Those who live in greener environments report better mental health and more frequent social interactions, which can benefit cardiovascular health as well. In this narrative review, we discuss evidence linking greenspaces to cardiovascular health as well as the potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of greenspaces, including the impact of vegetation on air, noise and light pollution, ambient temperature, physical activity, mental health, and biodiversity. We review literature on the beneficial effects of acute and chronic exposure to nature on cardiovascular disease risk factors, inflammation and immune function, and we highlight the potential cardiovascular effects of biogenic volatile organic compounds that are emitted by trees and shrubs. We identify current knowledge gaps in this area and underscore the need for additional population studies to understand more clearly and precisely the link between greenness and health. Such understanding is urgently needed to fully redeem the promise of greenspaces in preventing adverse environmental exposures, mitigating the effects of climate change, and creating healthier living environments.
Perfluoroalkyl/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Links to Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Authors: Schlezinger Jennifer J. , Gokce Noyan
Published: April 2024

Conservative estimates by the World Health Organization suggest that at least a quarter of global cardiovascular diseases are attributable to environmental exposures. Associations between air pollution and cardiovascular risk have garnered the most headlines and are strong, but less attention has been paid to other omnipresent toxicants in our ecosystem. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are man-made chemicals that are extensively used in industrial and consumer products worldwide and in aqueous film-forming foam utilized in firefighting. As such, our exposure to PFAS is essentially ubiquitous. Given the long half-lives of these degradation-resistant chemicals, virtually, all people are carrying a body burden of PFAS. Health concerns related to PFAS are growing such that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine has recommended standards for clinical follow-up of individuals with high PFAS blood levels, including prioritizing screening for dyslipidemia. The link between PFAS and dyslipidemia has been extensively investigated, and evidence for associations is compelling. However, dyslipidemia is not the only cardiovascular risk factor with which PFAS is associated. Here, we review the epidemiological evidence for links between PFAS of concern identified by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including overweight/obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia. Moreover, we review the potential connections of PFAS with vascular disease and atherosclerosis. While observational data support associations between the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine PFAS and selected cardiac risk factors, additional research is needed to establish causation and better understand how exposure to PFAS leads to the development of these conditions.
Universities and Cities: The Impact of Higher Education on Urban Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Growth
Authors: Peng Chong , Xu Hongwei
Published: April 2024

While universities play a pivotal role in fostering the growth and progress of their surrounding cities, the extent of this influence remains underexplored and warrants deeper empirical investigation. Through a comprehensive literature review, we identify three main mechanisms that describe the developmental impact: urban innovation, urban entrepreneurship, and economic growth. Using panel data from 239 Chinese cities spanning 2004 to 2016, we show that the positive externalities from universities are region-specific. The development of universities not only stimulates urban innovation and entrepreneurship but also promotes economic growth in urban areas, shaping the overall influence of cities. Additionally, the positive externalities generated by high-quality and large-scale universities on local development are significant.
Tax Farming, the Provincial Council and the Nature of the Late Ottoman State
Authors: Aykan Yavuz
Published: April 2024

This article focuses on the Council (Divan) of Amid in Diyarbekir Province as a petition-receiving institution throughout the eighteenth century. By drawing on the court records of the city of Harput, one of the sub-districts of Diyarbekir, and the tax farming registers of the larger province, the article discusses the role of the provincial governor in legal procedures. It argues that the Provincial Council had an important function in the operative field of law as it made it possible for the petitioning subjects in Harput to obtain judgments reviewed in the court of Harput in the form of ‘trial de novo’. While situating the emergence of the Council in the political-economic context of the time, the article also argues that the Provincial Council was an early modern institution which, in part, paved the way to the constitution of the nineteenth century provincial administration of the Tanzimat state.
A Situationist Portrait of Power: Cybernetics, May ’68, and The Situationist International
Authors: Routhier Dominique
Published: April 2024

This article presents the critique of cybernetics as central to the history of one of the twentieth century’s most infamous avant-garde movements: the Situationist International (SI). Bringing together and analysing a series of seemingly marginal events in the build-up to May ’68, this article shows how the SI’s portrait of cybernetics as an emerging form of social power and control foreshadows later developments in French radical thought. This little-noted trajectory in the situationist movement also highlights the ways in which aesthetics, theory, and politics are inextricably tied together in the events of May ’68.
A Constructive Trinitarian Theology of the First Article for the Religiously Pluralistic and Secular World
Authors: Kärkkäinen Veli-Matti
Published: April 2024

Even laypersons, such as systematic theologians, who are not trained in law enforcement are familiar enough with crime investigation to know that the detective works circles around a few simple questions such as: Who committed the crime? What happened? How was the crime executed? Why did the criminal do what he or she did? In the first part of my essay, as a way of introducing the nature, “method,” and distinctive features as well as the motifs behind the five-volume constructive theology, I will follow that simple template. The second major part will zoom in on the given task of this essay, namely, the theology of the first article of the creed, the doctrine of God. As the distinctive Christian conception of God is trinitarian by its very nature, that discussion in its form and content is thoroughly triune. Consequently, my main argument comes in two successive steps. First, the first-article theology—similarly to the second- and third-article theologies, respectively—is trinitarian. Second, its distinctive feature in comparison to the second- and third-article theologies is that the works of the triune God are considered and investigated from the perspective of what the Father, alongside Son and Spirit, is doing in the world.
Witnessing to Jesus the Spirit Baptizer
Authors: Simatupang Florian M.P.
Published: April 2024

This response proceeds in two parts. It begins by conversing with the broad-strokes sketch Frank Macchia offers in his article in this issue and his christological thoughts from his other, more extensive work. This is followed by an articulation of the author’s pentecostal Christology to offer a teleological assist to fill in some of the gaps in Macchia’s approach. The telos of Christology is to witness and testify to the forming of the character of Christ in all things (Col 1:17). This complementing response to Macchia utilizes one of the significant Jewish particularities of Jesus the Spirit baptizer, outlined in the definition of anointing that he spoke at his inaugural sermon in Nazareth. Jesus’s Jewish identity creates a framework to christologize in a way that is informed by the author’s context as an Indonesian pentecostal theologian.
Neglected Tropical Diseases and Long-Term Captive Animals: Ethical Considerations with Venom Lab Snakes
Authors: Halm Derek
Published: April 2024

Venomous snakebite is a neglected tropical disease and disease of poverty, affecting hundreds of thousands of people annually. The only effective medical intervention for snakebite is antivenom, produced primarily using captive venomous snakes as a source of venom. This paper analyzes snakes’ welfare at venom labs within this global health context. I recommend significant changes to improve the welfare of captive snakes, particularly in light of recent ethological research and attention on snakes. These recommendations are broadly consequentialist, aiming to improve the lives of the snakes and ensure that people have increased access to affordable antivenom.
Natural Religion, Isaac Watts, and Early Eighteenth-Century Evangelical Devotion
Authors: Stokes W. Britt
Published: April 2024

The early eighteenth-century English Enlightenment is a transformative period in the history of the Christian church. Among other paradigm shifts, the rise of natural religion and physico-theology became a common means by which theologians and churchmen of the era begin interacting with Enlightenment thought. Among these pastor-theologians, stands the well-known hymnwriter Isaac Watts. This article seeks to examine how Watts uses natural religion to frame a doctrine of heaven for purposes of Christian devotion. This will in turn further situate Watts among the figures within the early eighteenth century to begin integrating natural religion into devotional prose. Additionally, it will further our understanding of Watts as an important transitional figure between the English Puritans and eighteenth-century Evangelicals.
‘You Never Stop Working’
Authors: Perigo Jeremy
Published: April 2024

Theological analysis of the most popular worship song lyrics reflects that American Christians may be singing the American work ethic to the God who rested. Employing Brueggeman’s Sabbath as Resistance and Heschel’s The Sabbath alongside current discussions in evangelical liturgical studies, this article seeks to answer the following: 1) do the current most utilized congregational songs in America reveal a God who rests, and 2) what lyrical or musical possibilities exist to embody a theology of Sabbath rest. This analysis highlights liturgical and theological dissonance, while exploring musical and lyrical models that display a God who rests in an overworked culture.
3. The Minuet as Part of Instrumental and Dance Music in Europe
Authors: Opielka Andrea Susanne
Published: April 2024

The chapter examines the position of the minuet in Western classical music, in particular from the second half of the seventeenth century until the end of the eighteenth century. During this period, the minuet was the most popular ballroom dance in Europe and was thus the only baroque form of dance that survived the end of the era. The chapter discusses how from early on, composers distinguished between minuet tunes for dance and stylized minuet tunes. The latter ones have appeared in different musical contexts from baroque dance suites to expressionist orchestral works, and they play an important role in masterpieces of several significant composers.
14. Nordic Forms of the Minuet
Authors: Biskop Gunnel
Published: April 2024

The chapter examines different minuet forms that are found in Nordic sources. It is addressed how the ordinary minuet has been the most common minuet form, but the widespread occurrence of that form did not hinder later forms of the minuet from achieving popularity. The chapter presents evidence of minuets in square and circle formations that have been danced in the Nordic countries. The information about these forms is compared to the descriptions of similar minuets in other parts of Europe.
Ability of States to Implement  Planned Budget in India: An  Assessment Using PEFA Framework
Authors: Jena Pratap Ranjan
Published: April 2024

A credible budget complies with budget contracts voted in Parliament and improves the efficiency of government expenditure. Deviations, as a result of weak capacity to forecast revenue or execute the planned activities, pose risks to both existing and future programme management. This budgetary tenet assumes significance as the states have to respond to disruption in revenues, rising expenditure burdens and changes in priorities in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic and face challenges to restore fiscal consolidation process. The article assesses the budget credibility of states in India from 2012–13 to 2018–19 following the international standard given by the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) framework. It also focuses on strengthening institutional framework to utilise fiscal instruments optimally for better service delivery and development.

JEL Codes: H61, H68, E62
Exploring Experiences of Drink and Needle Spiking Incidents Among Global Drug Survey Respondents from 22 Countries
Authors: Davies Emma L. , Piatkowski Timothy , Frankovitch Alex , Puljević Cheneal , Barratt Monica J. , Ferris Jason A. , Winstock Adam R.
Published: April 2024

This study explored experiences of spiking following the re-opening of nightlife settings post COVID-19 lockdown. Global Drug Survey 2022, respondents were asked about experience, context, and consequences of drink/needle spiking. In a sample of 7697 respondents 2% reported experiencing spiking the last 12 months, and 20% over a year ago. Most occurred in clubs/bars (54.8%), but a quarter occurred in a private home. 84.9% of respondents suspected a drug was added to their drink; 4.2% thought they had been injected with a drug. Almost a fifth experienced sexual assault during the incident. Only 7.2% who experienced drink spiking reported it to police. Higher AUDIT scores, being a woman, recent illicit substance use and recent clubbing experience were also associated with recent spiking. Low rates of reporting means it is difficult to understand prevalence and causes. However, media reports of an epidemic of spiking appear to have been disproportionately emphasised.
Toward Accountability: A Qualitative Assessment of Supervision Officers’ Responses to Noncompliance During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Alward Lucas M. , Lockwood Ashley , Viglione Jill
Published: April 2024

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic placed new strains on community corrections including officers’ ability to enforce and respond to client noncompliance. With system-wide closures to courthouses, delays in case processing, and limited incarceration space, supervision officers were faced with new challenges regarding the availability of sanction response options. The goal of the current study was to examine how supervision officers responded to noncompliance when traditional, incarceration-based sanctions were largely unavailable. Drawing on qualitative interviews with American probation/parole officers (PPOs) ( n = 42), we identified several themes surrounding changes in officers’ strategies to address and respond to noncompliance. Results from thematic analysis suggest major changes in how PPOs monitored supervision compliance during the pandemic including changes to client supervision requirements, modality of contacts, and use of technology for remote surveillance. Findings also revealed changes in how PPOs applied traditional graduated sanctions during the pandemic. Implications of these findings are discussed.
From Police Power to Police Practice
Authors: Cook DeAnza A.
Published: April 2024

Understanding the everyday manifestations of systemic racism, cisheteropatriarchy, and unequal justice for oppressed women and femmes necessitates meaningful engagement with critical law enforcement studies—the study of why and how policing and punishment takes place in carceral societies. Anne Gray Fischer’s The Streets Belong to Us spells out why sexual policing matters for the history of political development, capitalist growth, and socioeconomic inequality in U.S. cities, like Boston, Atlanta, and Los Angeles. Ultimately, as Fischer’s work affirms, urban law enforcement forces have routinely greased the wheels of punitive governance and state violence under the auspices of maintaining control over a contested and shifting social order.