bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SURGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING AND PLATING FOR MID-SHAFT CLAVICULAR FRACTURES
Authors: Kulkarni Vidisha S. , Vakil Siddharth S. , Bajwa Supreet N. , S. Gurucharan , Bhosale Jayant T. , Tripathi Saksham R.
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Traditionally, mid-shaft clavicular fractures were treated non-operatively; however, they have been associated with higher non-union rates and poor functional outcomes in certain types of fractures. We aimed to objectively compare the surgical outcomes in patients with mid-shaft clavicular fracture treated either with nailing or plating and assess their functional outcomes over a follow up period of one year.

Methodology: Our prospective sample was chosen from a pool of patients visiting casualty of our Hospital for fracture clavicle between March 2015 and March 2017. Patients either underwent open reduction and plate fixation with a 3.5 mm superior clavicular plate or a 2.0 mm to 3.5 mm titanium nail. Intraoperative parameters and postoperative functional outcomes over a period of 12 months were compared between the two patient groups.  

Results: During the study period 65 patients with clavicular fracture were operated in our department, 35 patients with dynamic compression plating and rest intramedullary fixation and nailing. Patients undergoing nailing had a significantly lesser operative time, incision length, blood loss and hospital stay as compared to plating (p value < 0.001). Mean Constant Murley score throughout the follow up period was higher in the group of patients undergoing plating, though the difference was not significant at any follow up point. Nailing was associated with more frequent implant migration and irritation of skin and there was need of significantly more number of intraoperative image intensifier shoots, resulting in higher radiation exposure, as compared to plating. Nailing and plating resulted in mean shortening of clavicle length by 0.5 cm (range 0.4 to 2.1 cm) and 0.2 cm (range 0.2 to 1.8 cm) respectively.

Conclusions: We found no difference in the functional outcome and nonunion rates between nails and plates fixation for displaced midshaft clavicular fractures but nailing was associated with higher rates of complications.

Keywords: Clavicle fracture, midshaft, intramedullary fixation, plate fixation, osteosynthesis, trauma
FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS IN SURGERY- REVIEW
Authors: Agarwal Puneet Kumar , Vasuniya Vikram
Published: July 2020

Physics is everywhere in our daily life. It helps in understanding concepts of surgery easily. Application of physics in surgical field is very helpful especially for a surgeon. In this article we have summarized some common laws of physics, many of them we see in our operation theatre like Poiseuille’s Law, Pascal’s Law, Laplace’s Law, Bernoulli Equation or Theorem, Ohm’s Law, Floating Ball Valve Mechanism, Newton’s Law of Cooling, Laws of Vector and Air-Water Seal System. The application and understanding of these laws would make a surgeon think more like a scientist. Doppler Effect   is used in ultrasonography to evaluate the direction and velocity of blood flow. Reynolds number (NR) is used to predict whether the flow of blood will be laminar or turbulent.

The laws of Thermodynamics, Mechanics, and Vectors as they apply to soft and bony tissues. These include the Laplace’s Law as applied to colonic perforation and esophageal varices etc. In Electrocautery, alternating current is passed through a resistant metallic wire electrode and generates heat. The heated electrode is used to achieve hemostasis and dissection.  The Pascal’s Law finds use in hernia repair

Keywords: Physics, Surgery, Fundamentals.
The diet of the anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) during the spawning season in the eastern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Mustać Bosiljka , Hure Marijana
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study was to determine, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the variability in the diet of the anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus,during its spawning period. Samples were obtained from commercial purse seine catches (April 2014 – September 2016) from coastal and offshore fishing areas of different trophic states and zooplankton composition over the eastern Adriatic Sea. In general, decapod larvae comprise the main source of diet during the anchovies’ spawning period in terms of frequency and abundance, followed by calanoid copepods. The main copepod prey that was identified for anchovy along the eastern Adriatic coast was calanoid Temora stylifera, followed by Oncaeid copepods and Corycaeidae. Although no significant differences in diet composition regarding the anchovy’s size was observed, the contribution of copepods decreased in larger individuals, and were gradually substituted by large crustaceans - decapods, euphausiids, mysids and amphipods. However, a significant difference in prey composition between coastal and offshore areas was observed (global R=0.164, p<0.05). Beside adult copepods, offshore water anchovy fed mainly on decapod larvae and their megalopa stage, and amphipods. In the stomach of the fish caught in the coastal waters, higher contributions of euphausiids, mysids and fish eggs were observed. Prey diversity was greater in the stomach of specimens caught offshore (H’=0.59) than in the coastal Adriatic waters (H’=0.40).
探析水利工程建设中的软土地基处理施工质量管理
Authors: 赵 韬
Published: July 2020

现阶段,经济不断的发展,科学技术也随之不断的发展,人们对于生活要求越来越高,为了满足人们的需求,水利工程建设就要不断的增加,而目前水利工程基本上都是在软土地基中进行建设,施工质量极易出现问题。因此,本文对软土地基的特点进行分析,并分析了其有何处理技术。
基于BIM的工程造价大数据下的施工项目成本控制
Authors: 田 广源
Published: July 2020

目前,我国建筑行业各方面经济社会效益水平持续升高,这为我国建筑施工企业的发展提供了难得的契机,为此,做好施工项目成本控制工作具有十分重要的现实意义。BIM技术在施工项目成本控制中的应用在一定程度上使得施工质量在得到有效保障的前提下,实现了最低的成本投入目标。可是,BIM工程造价大数据下的施工项目成本控制依然存在一些问题是需要引起我们高度重视的。本文针对这些问题展开具体的论述。
BIM技术在装配式建筑设计中的应用
Authors: 解 广锋
Published: July 2020

本文将装配式建筑作为实例,实际分析并且探讨有关于BIM技术在实现装配式建筑的深化设计上具有哪些可实践性的方法与手段。就现有的BIM技术条件如何能够更加高效的完善装配式建筑的主要设计要求,并且根据BIM技术在装配式建筑应用中的研究线索,给总设计师和研究人员的角度提供一些合理的见解,让随后的BIM技术实践应用得以深入发展。
地铁车站防水施工及其渗漏处理的分析
Authors: 杨 晨智
Published: July 2020

随着城市化进程的加快,城市基础设施逐步完善,地铁逐步成为重要的交通设施,在为人们出行带来便捷的同时,也大大缓解了城市的交通压力。地铁车站施工的难度较大,尤其要注重其防水处理,否则,会产生极大的工程质量问题,影响地铁车站的正常使用。本文就地铁车站防水施工及其渗漏处理进行分析。
浅析影响工程安装造价的原因及控制要点
Authors: 姚 春兰
Published: July 2020

对于现代建筑项目,安装工程在整个建筑中起着重要作用,安装工程的成本可以说直接决定了整个项目的盈利能力。建设工程的一个关键组成部分是工程安装,它占了整个项目总成本的很大一部分。 当前,中国建筑行业工程安装的实施和管理仍然存在很多问题,减缓了建设项目的进度,无法有效控制成本。我们从目前国内工程安装中存在的问题入手,分析影响工程安装成本的因素,并从多个角度探讨控制措施,希望对相关的建筑工人有所帮助。
土木工程深基坑支护工程技术应用要点与注意事项研究
Authors: 张 正
Published: July 2020

在近年来我国建筑行业稳定发展的背景下,项目施工内容也实现了更为显著的优化和发展。在我国建筑工程项目施工阶段,深基坑支护施工技术的应用往往可以发挥最为显著的优势作用,目前为了切实提升建筑工程项目的施工质量,工作人员和企业就需要按照项目施工建设现状来开展工作,从而实现对深基坑支护施工技术的应用。为此,本文就将对建筑工程中深基坑支护工程技术的含义作为研究基础,对工程重要性和基础特点展开研究,希望可以在土木工程中发挥更为显著的优势作用,从而在提升建筑工程施工质量的基础上,推动我国建筑工程项目的长远和稳定发展。
建筑工程技术管理探究
Authors: 杨 东兴
Published: July 2020

众所周知,技术管理工作的好坏,是工程质量的重要保障,对企业形象、施工质量具有严重影响,决定了建筑工程的经济效益。建筑工程施工技术管理是一种复杂、系统化的组织管理活动,通过借助科学、合理的管理方法,对建筑工程施工技术中的各大要素、施工活动进行指挥、计划及组织,使技术标准更加合理化,使技术活动更加规范化等。
探究建筑工程框架结构工程技术
Authors: 孙 博
Published: July 2020

针对目前建筑工程框架结构应用工程技术过程存在的问题,文章从实践角度出发,分析了工程技术的运用现状,并提出了工程技术的控制策略,其目的是为相关建设者提供一些理论依据。结果表明,只有在明确建筑工程框架结构技术运用局限的情况下,才能提高混凝土技术、钢筋技术以及模板技术运用的可靠性与适用性。
浅析全过程造价咨询管理的意义及其优化措施
Authors: 赵 新兵
Published: July 2020

随着我国工程项目建设体制的不断完善和规范,造价咨询机构工作已经由原有的清单控制价格编制、完工阶段的结算审查向着工程项目全过程造价管理转变,这就表示全过程造价咨询管理在工程项目建设中具有非常重要的地位。本文以下内容将对工程项目建设的全过程造价咨询管理的意义及其优化措施进行研究和探讨,以供参考。
高分子材料与工程应用型人才实践平台构筑
Authors: 孙 敏
Published: July 2020

我们将应用型人才的培养作为论文的主线,把实践教学作为一个整体来进行整合,从根本上转变传统的实验教学方式,构筑立体化的实践平台,这样才能够强化实践教学的系统性与创新性。接下来,本论文围绕高分子材料与工程应用型人才实践平台构筑进行论述。
土木工程施工中的材料选择及质量控制措施
Authors: 韩 粉玲
Published: July 2020

自改革开放以来,社会经济不断提升,人们的生活质量也随之提高,因此对于各行业都提出更高的要求,在建筑工程方面体现尤为明显。对于建筑工程而言,材料质量是其质量的基础,材料质量直接影响着其质量的好坏。然而,在现阶段实际工程施工中,材料选择上还是存在诸多问题,不仅影响着工程施工,还影响着工程整体质量。所以,为了控制工程质量水平就要利用相应的对策。本文分析土木工程施工材料选择中的问题,并阐述了在土木工程施工中材料选择以及质量控制的相关策略。
市政路桥施工通病的预防与解决
Authors: 胡 红芬
Published: July 2020

随着城市化进程不断加速,城市市政道路发展趋于立体化,短时间内出现了大量的市政道路桥梁工程项目,这些项目具有工期短、施工场地狭小、工程复杂、夜间施工等特点。随之而来便出现一些施工质量问题,通过收集、分析这些问题,多数属于施工质量通病。由于市政道路桥梁工程项目投资大,这些质量通病对市政道路桥梁工程影响极大。因此,做好市政道路桥梁施工质量通病的预处理很有必要。
探析灌浆法在公路桥梁隧道施工中的应用
Authors: 李 树铮
Published: July 2020

裂缝已经成为当前公路桥梁隧道工程常见的施工质量问题之一,如果不进行处理,则会影响人们的出行安全。灌浆法可以有效解决裂缝问题,且此方法具有操作简单、适用范围广、成本低等优势。本文围绕灌浆法在公路桥梁隧道施工中的应用展开讨论,旨在为同行提供一些有益的参考。
城市智能化公交站台规划设计研究
Authors: 周 巍
Published: July 2020

随着现当代计算机网络技术的快速发展,为了能够进一步提升城市智能化的进程,塑造良好的城市现代化发展形象,更加适应于现当代城市的发展需求。在发展中,吸引更多的出行者愿意去选择公交城市,达到不断缓解城市交通拥挤、减少城市环境带来的污染等情况,本文以“城市智能化公交站台规划设计研究”作为重要的研究对象,希望通过本文研究,从传统公交站台当中存在的问题入手,将智能化设计融入其中,为提升公交站台的规划和设计奠定重要的理论基础和实践经验,为提升乘客的身心体验与幸福感打下基础。
Authors: Yusuf Kamal
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini berupaya untuk menelusuri semantik dan penggunaan kata wabah dan tho�un dalam korpus bahasa Arab dan Indonesia. Sebagai sumber data, penelitian ini menggunakan tiga korpora. Ketiga korpora itu adalah Malay Concordance Project corpora (MCP), Leipzig Corpora Collection, dan WebCorp. MCP digunakan untuk menelusuri pemakaian kata itu pada masa klasik atau pra-modern. Leipzig Corpora digunakan untuk menunjukkan kolokasi dan konkordansi kata. WebCorp digunakan untuk menelusuri lebih jauh penggunaan kata tersebut pada jangkauan masa yang lebih luas dengan teks yang lebih mutakhir. Temuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa kata wabah berasal dari bahasa Arab yaitu kata ????. Kata ini secara diakronis ditemukan di manuskrip Melayu/Indonesia Klasik tahun 1500-an. Dalam perkembangannya, kata wabak berubah penggunaannya menjadi wabah di era modern. Hal sebaliknya ditemukan, bahwa kata tho�un belum dikenal atau digunakan pada masa Melayu/Indonesia klasik. Meskipun demikian, penggunaan kata tho�un lebih dikenal pada era modern. Kata wabah dan tho�un ini digunakan dalam ranah terkait dengan kesehatan. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya linguistik korpus dengan memanfaatkan korpora diakronis yang diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan etimologi dan leksikografi.
Protestantismo brasileiro contemporâneo: Evidências bíblicas em contraponto à prosperidade apresentada pelo neopentecostalismo
Authors: Cunha David Carvalho
Published: July 2020

Devido a formatação das suas principais crenças religiosas, o neopentecostalismo tem trazido, direta e indiretamente, representatividade à fé de grande parte dos cristãos protestantes no Brasil. Entretanto, a ênfase em algumas dessas crenças quando postas em prática tem causado discordâncias e debates entre os demais cristãos, principalmente quanto ao quesito prosperidade. Dessa maneira, surge o seguinte questionamento: quanto à prosperidade material, quais as principais diferenças entre as práticas da igreja primitiva, contextualizada no período do primeiro século, e as práticas das igrejas neopentecostais? O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever as principais igrejas neopentecostais, identificar as suas principais crenças e erros doutrinários quanto à prosperidade bíblica e contrapor essa doutrinação, que tem tido o maior foco nas suas reuniões, com as verdades bíblicas que foram ensinadas e praticadas pelos primeiros cristãos. Foi realizada, para tanto, uma pesquisa bibliográfica a fim de se discutir sobre o assunto. Na conclusiva, destaca-se a ênfase exagerada à prosperidade material como o maior desvio teológico do neopentecostalismo, sendo, então, ressignificado esse conceito e apresentadas as refutações bíblicas pertinentes como evidências para as devidas restaurações doutrinárias.
Preliminary Study of Mining Material Prospects Based on Hydrothermal Alteration Distribution Using Composite and Density Slicing of Landsat 8 Image in Ulubongka Regency, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Darmawan I Gede Boy , Yassar M. Farhan , Elvarani Annisa Yulia , Vira Berlian Anisya , Damayanti Ledia
Published: July 2020

Difficult access to the field in Central Sulawesi causes the process of identifying prospects for mining minerals requires a relatively large time and cost. Therefore, the remote sensing approach can be carried out as a preliminary study to determine the distribution of hydrothermal alterations that characterize the presence of mine minerals. This study utilizes Landsat 8 imagery to obtain the distribution of alteration minerals, especially the group of ferrous mineral oxide and hydroxide minerals, clay and carbonate minerals and Ferromagnesian minerals. The method used is composite (RGB) 4/2, 6/7, 5 and 4/2, 6/7, 10 to detect the distribution of alteration minerals. Whereas the Density Slicing method uses 4/2, 5/6 and 6/7 ratio images to detect Ferrugitation, Ferromagnesian, clay and carbonate minerals. The results of the analysis showed the distribution of iron oxide and hydroxide minerals (Ferrugination) dominated the area in alluvium and opiolite rocks. This alteration distribution is interpreted as a prospect of further studies of the presence of mining minerals such as nickel and iron. Whereas ferromagnesian minerals, clays and carbonates dominate in conglomerate and limestone rocks.
ON THE EXPERIMENTAL RATIONALE OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF FIRE-FIGHTING LAYFLAT DELIVERY HOSES FOR FIRE-RESCUE EQUIPME
Authors: Prisyajnyuk V. , Semychayevsky S. , Yakimenko M. , Osadchuk M. , Svirskiy V. , Milutin O.
Published: July 2020

The urgency of the necessity of experimental substantiation of quality indicators of the fire-fighting layflat hoses for fire – rescue equipment and methods of their estimation is noted, taking into account the modern approaches set out in European standards. The results of experimental researches of fire-fighting layflat hoses for fire – rescue equipment by quality indicators are presented: resistance of the hoses to the action of working hydraulic pressure, resistance of the hoses to the action of the proof hydraulic pressure, burst pressure and abrasion resistance. Delivery fire hoses are one of the main types of fire fighting equipment. Delivery fire hoses in the course of operation undergo mechanical wear, are exposed to the sun's rays, microbiological putrefactive processes, accidental ingress of chemically active substances, the influence of low and high temperatures, irreversible processes of material aging. All this causes the appearance of defects of different nature. Analysis of the causes of failure of delivery fire hoses showed that of all failures more than 60% are fistulas, as well as breaks and disruptions of heads - 30% and 10% respectively. The analysis of the presence and nature of defects during the regular testing of workers and decommissioned fire hoses showed that the defects are divided into: explicit (gusts and fistulas) that violate the tightness of the hoses; visible cuts, abrasions, missing and chemical corrosion from contamination of fuel and lubricants that do not violate the tightness of the hoses; hidden (unnoticed cuts, breaks in the threads of the power frame, etc.) that do not violate the tightness of the hoses. Studies have shown that only 75% of defects are detected during hydraulic testing, and undetected defects result in hoses failing in a fire. To date, requirements for assessing the quality of delivery fire hoses for fire - fighting equipment in Ukraine are set out in the standard DSTU 3810-98. At the same time, these requirements are to some extent obsolete and do not meet the current regulations of the leading countries in the world on this issue. In view of the above, it is urgent to experimentally justify the quality indicators of the fire-fighting layflat hoses for fire – rescue equipment and methods of their evaluation, taking into account the modern approaches set out in European standards. The results of the pilot studies will be used to justify the provisions of the draft national standard of Ukraine that will be developed and to improve the existing test base.
Keywords: abrasion, burst pressure, experimental research, fire – rescue equipment, layflat delivery fire hoses,, proof pressure, quality indicators, technical requirements, specifications, working pressure
The eﬀ ect of poliodoxin and tilmox 25% on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of broiler chickens
Authors: Tyshkivska A. , Dukhnitsky V. , Tyshkivsky M.
Published: July 2020

The article presents the results of studies of the eﬀ ect of the drug “Poledoxin”, which belongs to the group of tetracyclines and the drug “Tilmox 25%”, belonging to the group of macrolides, on some morphological and biochemical parameters of blood of Coobb-500 broiler chickens. It has been established that the use of the preparations “Poledoxin” and “Tilmox 25 %” for healthy broiler chickens according to the scheme recommended for treating birds with ornithobacteriosis and infections complicated by the causative agent of ornithobacteriosis does not cause changes in the clinical condition and behavioral reactions of the bird. A blood test found that under the inﬂ uence of the drug “Poledoxin”, the number of red blood cells in the blood of broiler chickens increased by 4–59 % (p< 0,01) in chickens which used the drug “Tilmox 25 %” – by 5–46 % relative to control. The hematocrit value was less than the control indicator by 8 % in chickens that were treated with Poledoxin after 6 days of experiment (p< 0,05) in chickens that were used with tilmox 25 % – by 10 % (p< 0,05) through 6 and 9 days of experience. The hemoglobin content in the blood of poultry of the studied groups one day after drinking antibiotic solutions was less than the control by 7 and 8 %, respectively (p< 0,05, p< 0,01), and after 4 days – by 11 and 10 % (p< 0,01). Under the inﬂ uence of Pledoxin, the volume of 1 erythrocyte (MCV, μm 3) in the blood of chickens was less than the control by 23–39 % (p< 0,05, p< 0,01), and when exposed to tilmox 25% – by 16–35 % (p< 0,01). The hemoglobin content in 1 erythrocyte (MCH, pg) was 62–83 % of the control index when exposed to Poledoxin (p< 0,01) and 69–86 % when exposed to tylmox 25 % (p< 0,01). The number of leukocytes in the blood of a bird under the inﬂ uence of “Poledoxin” decreased by 8 % after a day (p< 0,01), and increased by 6 and 7 % after 3 and 4 days (p< 0,01). A decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood of chickens of both research groups by 5–11 % (p< 0,001, p< 0,01) was established after 8 and 9 days.
Key words: Poledoxin, Tilmox 25 %, broiler chickens, red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, white blood cells.
The state of erythrocytopoiesis in dogs in physical and emotional load
Authors: Holovakha V. , Mostovoy E. , Piddubnyak O. , Kurchev О.
Published: July 2020

In our studies, we examined the indices of erythrocytopoiesis in service dogs for physical activity. The studies were conducted on 1.5−2 years old Belgian Shepherd (Malinois) dogs whoperformed exercises from the international Mondioring program, which included physical andemotional training to train dogs for the Armed Forces, Border Troops and National Police. Blood was collected from animals before training (at rest) and after the training process (lasting 2 hours). It was found that 62.5% of animals showed a tendency to increase the total number of erythrocytes and their populations −"old" and "mature". Such changes in dogs during exercise are indicative of more intense maturation of “young” erythrocytes in the peripheral blood, elimination of “mature” cells from the depot, increased resistance to the membrane of their membranes, and intensiﬁ cation of the processes of erythrocyte attachment and delivery. With regard to hemoglobin content in the blood and hematocrit, these ﬁ gures in 75.0% of dogs after exercise tended to increase. However, red blood indices (MCH and MCV) tended to decrease, indicating an increase in the erythrocyte adaptation processes to physiological hypoxia during exercise and the appearance of a large number of unsaturated microcytic forms of erythrocytes in the bloodstream in particular. In the study of the ferumotransferrincomplex, it should be noted that in 87.5% of the animals, the amount of ferum, TIBC and transferrin levels increased, which are related to the release into the bloodstream of the reserve reserves of the ferrum for hemoglobin formation and adequate ability of hepatocytes to synthesize during transplantation.
Key words: dogs, physical activity, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, acid resistance of erythrocytes, ferrum, transferrin, ferumotransferin complex.
Toxicologist`s opinion on the mechanisms of virus-induced hemoglobinopathies with toxic pneumonitis and systemic hypoxemia from COVID-19 and substantiation of rational detoxification methods
Authors: Проданчук М.Г. , Балан Г.М. , Курділь Н.В. , Жмінько П.Г. , Бубало Н.М.
Published: July 2020

Коронавірусна хвороба COVID-19 у даний час є глобальною проблемою для людства, набувши характеру пандемії. З позиції токсикологів назріла необхідність узагальнити літературні дані про патогенетичні та патофізіологічні механізми формування основних клінічних проявів COVID-19 і обґрунтувати шляхи оптимізації лікувальних стратегій, використовуючи детоксикаційну терапію.

Мета роботи. На підставі аналізу літературних даних виділити патогенетичні механізми формування основних клінічних синдромів COVID-19, узагальнити результати клініко-лабораторних досліджень, клінічні та гематологічні критерії прогнозування тяжкого перебігу зі смертельними наслідками при даній патології та обґрунтувати шляхи оптимізації детоксикаційної терапії.

Матеріал і методи. Аналітичний огляд наукових публікацій виконаний з використанням реферативних баз даних наукових бібліотек PubMed, Medline і текстових баз даних наукових видавництв Elsevier, PubMed Central, BMJ Group та інших VIP-баз даних та охоплює період з 1 січня 2020 по 30 квітня 2020 року. Використано методи системного, порівняльного і контент-аналізу.

Результати та висновки. Проаналізовано публікації щодо виявлення шляхів інфікування вірусом SARS-CoV-19, механізмів формування клінічних проявів різних варіантів перебігу хвороби COVID-19 для виділення найбільш інформативних предикторів розвитку тяжких форм захворювання, що призводять до летальних наслідків. Узагальнено літературні дані про механізми розвитку віремії SARS-CoV-19, виділені патогенетичні і патофізіологічні механізми формування вірусіндукованих гемоглобінопатій, токсичного пневмоніту, системної гіпоксемії, гіперферитинемії, цитокінової «бурі», окисного стресу і ендотоксикозу при COVID-19 і обґрунтовано шляхи оптимізації детоксикаційної терапії з включенням еферентних методів лікування, комплексутворюючих засобів для виведення надлишкових рівнів заліза та феритину, антиоксидантів і антигіпоксантів, кисневої терапії та трансфузії імунної плазми реконвалесцентів, компонентів донорської крові та стовбурових клітин.

Ключові слова: коронавірусна хвороба, COVID-2019, вірусіндуковані гемоглобінопатії, пневмоніт, детоксикаційна терапія.
Radiation protection at the iron mines in the conditions of technogenically increased sources of natural origin
Authors: Ischenko L.O. , Kovalchuk T.A.
Published: July 2020

The Purpose of the Research. To draw up a system of measures for radiation protection at the iron ore mines to facilitate the control of the natural exposure component of miners and to ensure that the established dose criteria are not exceeded.

Methodsand Materials. During the development of the measures, the results and conclusions of the radiation-hygienic study of the Kryvyi Rih Agglomeration iron ore mines, the territory of which was identified as radon-dangerous with the presence of man-made sources of natural origin, were used. The measurements were made on the selected network of control points at the horizons of the mines. For analysis, the system was used to measure the volumetric activity of radon and its subsidiary decay products in the mine atmosphere, the dose rate of gamma radiation in mines, the content of natural radionuclides in the ores, the dustiness of the mine atmosphere. At the same time, they were guided by the main regulatory and methodological base.

Results and Conclusions.The main stages of the developed system of radiation protection at iron ore mines in terms of technogenic-enhanced sources of natural origin are: radiation-hygienic examination, radiation control, protection measures for normalization of radiation situation, control of the effectiveness of radiation prevention, preventive protection. The decision on the need for radiation monitoring and the implementation of radiation protection measures for iron ore mines is made on the basis of the preliminary survey, which determines the categories of the mine and the type of control. On the basis of the conducted research of iron ore mines of Kryvyi Rih Agglomeration, a system of radiation protection was developed and ordered, the sequence of implementation of measures of radiation examination, radiation control and normalization of radiation situation was substantiated. The measures developed need to be consistent with the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiation Protection regarding radiological protection against radon exposure in the workplace.

Key Words: iron ore mines, radiation protection, radiation control, radon, man-made sources of natural origin, miners.
Formulation and In vitro Release Behavior of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) Matrix Tablet Containing Poorly Soluble Fenofibrate
Authors: Kandel Ramesh , Saha Tushar , Masum Zia Uddin , Chowdhury Jakir Ahmed
Published: July 2020

Fenofibrate, a water insoluble drug was used to prepare matrix tablet with four different viscosity grades of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) which were Methocel K4M CR, Methocel K15M CR, Methocel K100M CR and Methocel K100LV CR. The concentration of those excipients was 5, 10, 20, and 40% (w/w), respectively. The content of drug in a fixed quantity of powder in every formulation was ranged between 96.47 to 104.78 %. The dissolution study was done by using USP dissolution apparatus II. The kinetics of release was analyzed by using zero-order, first order, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Higuchi and Hixon-crowell equations to explain the drug release mechanism from the matrix tablets. In-vitro dissolution profile of matrix tablets were dependent upon the HPMC concentration and dissolution was rapid for tablets containing lower polymer proportion i.e. 5,10, and 20% Percentage (w/w) HPMC than those containing 40% (w/w) HPMC.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23(1): 10-16, 2020
Competencia e identidad digital en redes sociales: Percepciones del profesorado en formación
Authors: Barroso-Osuna Julio , Llorente-Cejudo Carmen , Palacios-Rodríguez Antonio
Published: July 2020

La identidad digital muestra todos los aspectos relativos a un usuario que está registrado en la Red, conscientemente o no; entre ellos, su competencia comunicativa y social, la cual queda claramente reflejada en las redes sociales, donde se manifiestan opiniones, relaciones e imágenes.El presente estudio parte de la necesidad de conocer cuáles son las percepciones del alumnado universitario en cuanto a su configuración de la identidad en línea y el desarrollo de la competencia digital. Para ello, se elabora un instrumento de corte cuantitativo que, una vez validado a través del juicio de expertos, se administra a un total de 252 estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Sevilla. Entre los resultados más significativos, destacar que los alumnos usan de manera poco frecuente las redes sociales vinculadas al ámbito profesional. Preguntados sobre su competencia en la gestión de su identidad digital, la mayoría de los encuestados manifiestan tener «poca». Por este motivo, una de las conclusiones del estudio está dirigida haciala necesidad de vertebrar planes de acción formativa desde la universidad, destinados al desarrollo profesional y educativo de las redes sociales.
GRASSLAND FARMING AND PROGRESS ON NOKOMAI STATION
Authors: Hore F.L.
Published: July 2020

NOKOMAI STATION, of some 38 500 ha, lies almost equally within Southland and Otago and is connected through the Nevis Valley.
LAMB GROWTH ON "LONG" AND "SHORT" GRAZED PASTURES OF RYEGRASS OR TIMOTHY/COCKSFOOT
Authors: Lewis K.H.C. , Cullen N.A.
Published: July 2020

Lamb growth rates were measured on "long" (> 5 cm) and "short" (< 5 cm) ryegrass and timothy/cocksfoot pastures sown with clovers. Both before and after weaning in December, the growth rates of lambs were similar on "short" pastures but lower on "long" ryegrass pastures than on "long" timothy/cocksfoot pastures. Before weaning, gains on "short" ryegrass pastures were higher than those on "long" but with timothy!cocksfoot the position was reversed. After weaning, "short" pastures of both types produced higher gains than "long" pastures. The main factor affecting lamb growth rate appeared to be the deterioration of leniently grazed swalrds in late summer and autumn.
INTENSIVE FARMING IN THE TE ANAU BASIN
Authors: Paterson J.H.
Published: July 2020

IN APRIL 1962, Southland's first two civilian settlers took up land on the Takitimu Block in the Te Anau Basin. This block is regarded as one of the most favourable in the Basin and its quick response to development now reflects the most concentrated settlement to date.
THE EFFECT OF TOPDRESSING AND LIMING ON UPTAKE OF MINERAL NUTRIENTS IN PASTURE
Authors: Mcnaught K.J.
Published: July 2020

The effect of a fertilizer element on its concentration in grass/ legume herbage depends mainly on (1) quantity applied, (2) the degree of deficiency, (3) whether the added nutrient is "fixed" or leached and, (4) whether the fertilizer changes the proportion of clover to grass. Fertilizers increase concentrations of major elements in herbage much more in the deficiency range than when levels are already high. However, plants appear to lack the ability to restrict intake of the trace elements. In a stocking rate x lime trial, in which lime increased pasture yields, lime responses in animal production were found only at the high stocking rate, indicating a feed quantity, rather than quality effect. This was confirmed by plant analysis.
PRECISION FEED BUDGETING IN PRACTICE
Authors: Parker O.F.
Published: July 2020

The case for feed budgeting on intensively stocked farms is briefly discussed, and a summary is given of the information required to draw up a meaningful feed budget. Therefore, after describing the procedure followed at Ruakura, particular attention is given to the problems and pitfalls in accurately assessing pasture cover, both before and after grazing. Photographs are used to illustrate many of the situations encountered in the day-to-day use of the pasture assessment technique.
YORKSHIRE FOG IN MOUNTAIN REVEGETATION
Authors: Dunbar G.A.
Published: July 2020

RAPID ESTABLISHMENT and aggressive spread of plants, normally regarded as weed qualities in lowland pastures, are desirable qualities for pioneering eroded mountain slopes.
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN BRITISH GRASSLAND FARMING
Authors: Howie I.
Published: July 2020

BEFORE discussing grassland, it would probably be useful to put Unheld Kingdom agriculture into perspective, and compare total land and its utilization with New Zealand figures.
SOME IMPRESSIONS OF NEW ZEALAND GRASSLAND FARMING
Authors: Howie I.B.
Published: July 2020

A VISITOR to New Zealand gains the impression that the farmers have developed a highly successful integration of grassland and livestock, obtaining high outputs of animal products for the minimum of inputs - the ultimate in low cost production.
INTENSIVE TOWN MILK PRODUCTION
Authors: Ellett T.R.
Published: July 2020

IHUMATAO FARMS comprised a town supply farm at Mangers (No. 2 farm) until six years ago, when a sheep farm situated 32 km away at Karaka was purchased (No. 1 Farm).
A REVIEW OF THE GRASS SPECIES INTRODUCTIONS INTO THE TUSSOCK GRASSLANDS OF THE SOUTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Douglas J.A.
Published: July 2020

T HE EARLY SETTLERS and their stock moved into the inland South Island tussock grasslands in the 1850s. It was an area of rich pasture and the official estimate of the time (1857) was that the superior grasses could carry one sheep to two acres, good grasses one sheep to three acres, and inferior one sheep to four to five acres (Beettie, 1947).
YORKSHIRE FOG (HOLCUS LANATUS). ITS POTENTIAL AS A PASTURE SPECIES
Authors: Jacques W.A.
Published: July 2020

YORKSHIRE FOG probably has its origin in the Iberian Peninsula (Vinal and Hein, 1937) but, as a result of continued colonization since the end of the ice age, is now found throughout Europe from the limiits of northern Scandinavia and Iceland to the Caucasus Mountains and North West Africa (Beddows, 1961; Hulten, 1950; Bother and Larsen, 1958). Under the influence of human pastoral activities, the species has spread to all of the more recently developed farming areas in the temperate regions of the Americas, South Africa and Australasia.
THE PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY CATTLE GRAZING TWO VARIETIES OF TALL FESCUE
Authors: Wilson G.F.
Published: July 2020

Two varieties of tall fescue were compared with 'Grasslands Ariki' ryegrass as feeds for lactating, and growing catmtle. In three shortterm experimeats the dairy cows grazing the different types of pasture produced similar quantities of milk and in most cases the fat and protein contents did not differ significantly. On the other hand, the exclusion of clover from the grass swards led to a lower milk production. Liveweight gains were consistently higher for yearling cattle grazing Ariki ryegrass compared with the two fescue swards. The invitro digestibility of S170 was lower than the value for G4710 but because of the high clover content of the S170 pastures animal performance was similar.
Current Knowledge on the Function of α-Methyl Acyl-CoA Racemase in Human Diseases
Authors: Kong Gyeyeong , Lee Hyunji , Tran Quangdon , Kim Chaeyeong , Park Jisoo , Kwon So Hee , Kim Seon-Hwan , Park Jongsun
Published: July 2020

Branched chain fatty acids perform very important functions in human diet and drug metabolism. they cannot be metabolized in mitochondria and are instead processed and degraded in peroxisomes due to the presence of methyl groups on the carbon chains. Oxidative degradation pathways for lipids include α- and β-oxidation and several pathways. In all metabolic pathways, α-methyl acyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) plays an essential role by regulating the metabolism of lipids and drugs. AMACR regulates β-oxidation of branched chain lipids in peroxisomes and mitochondria and promotes chiral reversal of 2-methyl acids. AMACR defects cause sensory-motor neuronal and liver abnormalities in humans. These phenotypes are inherited and are caused by mutations in AMACR. In addition, AMACR has been found to be overexpressed in prostate cancer. In addition, the protein levels of AMACR have increased significantly in many types of cancer. Therefore, AMACR may be an important marker in tumors. In this review, a comprehensive overview of AMACR studies in human disease will be described.
Polyhedral DC Decomposition and DCA Optimization of Piecewise Linear Functions
Authors: Griewank Andreas , Walther Andrea
Published: July 2020

For piecewise linear functions f : R n ↦ R we show how their abs-linear representation can be extended to yield simultaneously their decomposition into a convex f ˇ and a concave part f ^ , including a pair of generalized gradients g ˇ ∈ R n ∋ g ^ . The latter satisfy strict chain rules and can be computed in the reverse mode of algorithmic differentiation, at a small multiple of the cost of evaluating f itself. It is shown how f ˇ and f ^ can be expressed as a single maximum and a single minimum of affine functions, respectively. The two subgradients g ˇ and − g ^ are then used to drive DCA algorithms, where the (convex) inner problem can be solved in finitely many steps, e.g., by a Simplex variant or the true steepest descent method. Using a reflection technique to update the gradients of the concave part, one can ensure finite convergence to a local minimizer of f, provided the Linear Independence Kink Qualification holds. For piecewise smooth objectives the approach can be used as an inner method for successive piecewise linearization.
On the Relationship between Self-Admitted Technical Debt Removals and Technical Debt Measures
Authors: Aversano Lerina , Iammarino Martina , Carapella Mimmo , Vecchio Andrea Del , Nardi Laura
Published: July 2020

The technical debt (TD) in a software project refers to the adoption of an inadequate solution from its design to the source code. When developers admit the presence of technical debt in the source code, through comments or commit messages, it is called self-admitted technical debt (SATD). This aspect of TD has been the subject of numerous research studies, which have investigated its distribution, the impact on software quality, and removal. Therefore, this work focuses on the relationship between SATD and TD values. In particular, the study aims to compare the admitted technical debt with respect to its objective measure. In fact, the trends of TD values during SATD removals have been studied. This was done thanks to the use of an SATD dataset and their related removals in four open source projects. Instead, the SonarQube tool was used to measure TD values. Thanks to this work, it turned out that SATD removals in a few cases correspond to an effective reduction of TD values, while in numerous cases, the classes indicated are removed.
Gender Diversity in Academic Sector—Case Study
Authors: Wieczorek-Szymańska Anna
Published: July 2020

Diversity is one of the main characteristics of social groups, including work-teams. At the same time, gender is an important aspect of diversity in organizations, and gender diversity deals with the equal representation of men and women in the workplace. This article aims to analyze the issue of gender diversity in the academic sector and to evaluate the organizational maturity of particular universities in gender diversity management. To do so, the method of comparative case studies is used—Polish and Spanish higher education institutions are compared. First of all, the author describes the status of men and women in Poland and in Spain, in general (considering different socio-economic factors). In the next part of the article, the gender structure of employment in both the Polish and the Spanish academic sector is presented. Finally, the analysis of gender diversity in two universities is conducted. Additionally, the author introduces the model of organizational maturity in gender diversity management (OMDM), to evaluate organizational attitudes toward gender diversity and the type of gender diversity policy in universities. The findings reveal that, in both Polish and Spanish societies and economies, there still are barriers that cause inequalities between men and women in the labor market. Considering the situation in the academic sector, it can be said that the gender structure of employment is more balanced in Poland than in Spain. At the same time, the highest positions of full professors are mainly occupied by men both in Poland and in Spain. When analyzing the situation in the organizations, employment is more diverse in the Polish university, but both universities face the same problem—too little representation of women in top job positions. Consequently, both institutions are classified as those which are in the preliminary stage in the model of gender diversity management. This study contributes to a better understanding of the issue of gender diversity by comparing the status of men and women in the academic sector in two countries and in two universities. Additionally, the model of OMDM presented in this article can be a useful tool to assess the policy of gender diversity in different organizations.
Linking Structural Empowerment to Employee-Driven Innovation: The Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment
Authors: Echebiri Chukwuemeka , Amundsen Stein , Engen Marit
Published: July 2020

This paper aims to link structural empowerment to employee-driven innovation (EDI) with psychological empowerment as a mediation mechanism. Recently, there has been an increase in interest in utilizing all sources of knowledge in an organization to stimulate innovation among all employees. A clear understanding of some of the mechanisms used to achieve this is needed. The paper applies a quantitative approach based on two studies. Study 1 involved a total of 228 employees in a public sector organization, while study 2 involved 60 employees from a private sector organization. We employed structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized relationships among the variables. It was determined that both structural empowerment and psychological empowerment have a direct positive association with EDI. Second, the relationship between structural empowerment and EDI was partially mediated by psychological empowerment. EDI can only happen in an organization if employers and managers empower the ordinary employees to not only generate creative ideas but also to participate in its development and implementation.
Evaluating Public Administration Approaches towards Tax Non-Compliance in Europe
Authors: Williams Colin
Published: July 2020

Those engaging in tax non-compliance have been conventionally explained as rational economic actors partaking when the benefits outweigh the costs, and thus public administrations have sought to enforce compliance using a deterrence approach which increases the risk of detection and penalties. However, many have been found to not engage in tax non-compliance when the benefits exceed the costs. The result has been the emergence of a voluntary compliance approach viewing taxpayers as social actors who engage in tax non-compliance when there is a lack of vertical trust (in governments) and horizontal trust (in others). Using a probit regression analysis of data from special Eurobarometer surveys conducted in 2007, 2013 and 2019, the finding is that although the likelihood of participating in tax non-compliance is largely not associated with the level of penalties and risk of detection, it is significantly associated with the level of vertical and horizontal trust, with participation in tax non-compliance increasing with lower vertical and horizontal trust. The implications for theory and for how public administrations tackle tax non-compliance are then discussed.
Incidence of Escherichia coli in Vegetable Crops and Soil Profile Drip Irrigated with Primarily Treated Municipal Wastewater in a Semi-Arid Peri Urban Area
Authors: Singh Deepak , Patel Neelam , Gadedjisso-Tossou Agossou , Patra Sridhar , Singh Nisha , Singh Pushpendra Kumar
Published: July 2020

This study investigates the incidence of Escherichia coli in cauliflower, bitter gourd and soil profile drip-irrigated with municipal wastewater in a semi-arid peri-urban area in India. There were four treatments: drip irrigation with primarily treated municipal wastewater through inline (non-pressure compensating) surface drip (T1), inline subsurface drip (T2), bioline (pressure compensating) subsurface drip (T3) and bioline surface drip (T4). Results revealed that T1 had the highest concentration of E.coli (35 ± 2.66 and 25 ± 2.26 colony forming unit (CFU) g˗1) and T3 had the lowest concentration of E. coli (29 ± 2.29 and 18.9 ± 2.04 CFU g˗1) for cauliflower and bitter gourd, respectively. In bitter gourd top fruits (1 m above the ground level), the E. coli count was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in the surface level fruits. There was also a considerable reduction of E. coli counts in bioline drip lateral as compared to the inline drip. A higher concentration of E. coli (470 ± 70.5 and 410 ± 36.9 CFU g˗1 soil) was also found in the top soil (0–0.15 m) in T1 treatment, while the minimum (154 ± 13.86 and 95 ± 14.25 CFU g˗1) was observed in T3. Hence, bioline drip lateral may be a better option for wastewater irrigation as compared to inline drip to reduce microbial contamination of crop and soil.
Research on Inversion Model of Cultivated Soil Moisture Content Based on Hyperspectral Imaging Analysis
Authors: Wu Tinghui , Yu Jian , Lu Jingxia , Zou Xiuguo , Zhang Wentian
Published: July 2020

Based on hyperspectral imaging technology, rapid and efficient prediction of soil moisture content (SMC) can provide an essential basis for the formulation of precise agricultural programs (e.g., forestry irrigation and environmental management). To build an efficient inversion model of SMC, this paper collected 117 cultivated soil samples from the Chair Hill area and tested them using the GaiaSorter hyperspectral sorter. The collected soil reflectance dataset was preprocessed by wavelet transform, before the combination of competitive adaptive reweighted sampling algorithm and successive projections algorithm (CARS-SPA) was used to select the bands optimally. Seven wavelengths of 695, 711, 736, 747, 767, 778, and 796 nm were selected and used as the factors of the SMC inversion model. The popular linear regression algorithm was employed to construct this model. The result indicated that the inversion model established by the multiple linear regression algorithm (the predicted R2 was 0.83 and the RMSE was 0.0078) was feasible and highly accurate, indicating it could play an important role in predicting SMC of cultivated soils over a large area for agricultural irrigation and remote monitoring of crop yields.
Impact of Winter Cover Crop Usage in Soilborne Disease Suppressiveness in Woody Ornamental Production System
Authors: Panth Milan , Baysal-Gurel Fulya , Simmons Terri , Addesso Karla M. , Witcher Anthony
Published: July 2020

Diseases caused by soilborne pathogens are a major limitation to field grown nursery production. The application of cover crops for soilborne disease management has not been widely investigated in a woody ornamental nursery production system. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of winter cover crops usage on soilborne disease management in that system. Soils from established field plots of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) with and without winter cover crops (crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) or triticale (× Triticosecale W.)) were sampled following the senescence of the cover crops. Separate bioassays were performed using red maple cuttings on inoculated (with Phytopythium vexans, Phytophthora nicotianae or Rhizoctonia solani) and non-inoculated field soils. The results indicated that winter cover crop usage was helpful for inducing soil disease suppressiveness. There was lower disease severity and pathogen recovery when the cover crops were used compare to the non-cover cropped soil. However, there were no differences in maple plant fresh weight and root weight between the treatments. The rhizosphere pseudomonad microbial population was also greater when the cover crops were used. Similarly, the C:N ratio of the soil was improved with the cover crop usage. Thus, in addition to improving soil structure and reducing erosion, cover crops can provide improved management of soilborne diseases. Therefore, stakeholders can consider cover crop usage as an alternative sustainable management tool against soilborne diseases in field nursery production system.
Physiological Responses to Fe Deficiency in Split-Root Tomato Plants: Possible Roles of Auxin and Ethylene?
Authors: Celletti Silvia , Pii Youry , Valentinuzzi Fabio , Tiziani Raphael , Fontanella Maria Chiara , Beone Gian Maria , Mimmo Tanja , Cesco Stefano , Astolfi Stefania
Published: July 2020

Iron (Fe) bioavailability in soils is often limited and can be further exacerbated by a non- homogeneous distribution in the soil profile, which has been demonstrated to vary both in space and time. Consequently, plants respond with morphological and physiological modifications at the root level involving a complex local and systemic signaling machinery. The present work unravels the role of two phytohormones (i.e., ethylene and auxin) and their integrated signaling in plant response to Fe deficiency. Inhibitors of auxin polar transport and of ethylene biosynthesis (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid - NPA and aminoethoxyvinylglycine - AVG, respectively) were applied on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants grown by the split-root technique, which allows to simulate condition of Fe heterogeneous distribution. Results showed that plants, exposed to an uneven Fe supply, triggered a complex auxin-ethylene signaling. A systemic action of auxin on FERRIC REDUCTASE OXIDASE 1 (SlFRO1) expression was revealed, while ethylene signaling was effective both locally and systemically. In addition, the investigation of Fe concentration in tissues showed that when leaves overcame Fe deficiency a Fe “steady state” was maintained. Therefore, physiological adaptation to this heterogeneous Fe supply could be mediated by the integration of the complex signaling pathways prompted by both auxin and ethylene activities.