bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of a major highway on the spatial and temporal variation in the structure and diversity of the avifauna of a tropical premontane rain forest
Authors: Ávalos Gerardo , Bermúdez Esteban
Published: September 2016

Roads immersed in conservation areas will increase in number, size, and traffic over the next decade, and thus, understanding their effects on forest-dependent wildlife is crucial for improving current management practices and reducing the negative impacts of roads on sensitive species. We examined the influence of route 32 (a.k.a. Guápiles Highway) on temporal and spatial changes in the structure of the avifauna of Braulio Carrillo National Park, Costa Rica, a site crossed by this road along 25 km. The highway connects the capital city of San José with the Harbor of Limón in the Caribbean Sea (142 km). Although the road is narrow (12 m in width and comprised by two lanes along most of the route) it services over 1.5 million motor vehicles per year, 12 % are heavy trucks and trailers. We expected the highway to divide the avifauna, and thus to observe significant differences in species structure on opposite sides of the road. We described changes in bird diversity between wet and dry seasons at Las Palmas and Ceibo trails located on opposite sides of the highway (14 point counts per trail), and evaluated how abundance and diversity varied with road distance. Censuses took place during wet and dry seasons from 2002 to 2005. We listed 245 species and 6 035 observations during the 4-yr survey. Rare species dominated the avifauna (65 % of species < 5 observations), and species overlap between trails was high (Sorensen= 71 %; Morisita= 0.96). Species accumulation curves varied little among trails, yielding 190 species. Resident species represented 70 % of observations, followed by elevational (15 %) and long-distance migrants (1-2 %). Understory species were the most abundant (60 %) followed by canopy birds (30 %). Species turnover rate was 55 % between seasons, but species composition between trails remained homogeneous. Overall, birds were avoiding the road (abundance increased away from the road) although other diversity parameters (richness, dominance, Shannon index, and equitability) were not influenced by road proximity. Although the avifauna remained homogeneous on both sides of the road, which did not support the fragmentation hypothesis, the highway reduced the abundance and diversity of specialized understory insectivores associated with primary forests near the road. This highway will expand outside the National Park (from 2 to 4 lanes along 107 km from Río Frío to Limón) in the next years, which will increase traffic volume and road impacts within the Park. Roads are increasing across highly diverse tropical areas justifying the need for management practices based on the identification of sensitive groups.
Total protein composition of young and adult Biomphalaria alexandrina snails with different compatibilities to Schistosoma mansoni infection
Authors: Sadaka Hayam A , Abou-El-Naga Iman Fathy , Amer Eglal I , Diab Iman H , Kher Safaa I
Published: September 2016

In the current study differentiation of the total proteins among Biomphalaria alexandrina snails at different ages was done to identify the proteins responsible for the snails’ compatibility outcome. The work was conducted on snails that differ in their age and the genetic backgrounds. Four subgroups from the progeny of self reproduced susceptible and resistant snails were studies. Infection rates of these subgroups (young susceptible, adult susceptible, young resistant and adult resistant) were 90%, 75%, 40% and 0% respectively. Using Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, differences in protein expression were shown between adult and young snails in different subgroups. Dice similarity coefficient was calculated to determine percentage band sharing among the experimental subgroups. The results revealed that the combination of similarities between both age and compatibility status of the snails has led to the highest similarity coefficient followed by the combination of similarities of both genetic origin and age although they differ in the compatibility status. On the other hand, the differences in the genetic background, age and compatibility status have led to the least similarity index. It was also found that in young snails the genetic background plays the main role in determination of their compatibility, while the internal defense system has the upper hand in determination of adult compatibility.  Further characterization of the shared protein bands among the studied subgroups is needed to clarify their role in host-parasite relationship.
El jaguar Panthera onca (Carnivora: Felidae) en la Reserva de la Biosfera “El Cielo”, Tamaulipas, México
Authors: Carrera-Treviño Rogelio , Lira-Torres Ivan , Martínez-García Luis , López-Hernández Martha
Published: September 2016

Information on the ecology of jaguars (Panthera onca) in “El Cielo” Biosphere Reserve in Tamaulipas, Mexico is scant and limited to anecdotic records in a handful of publications. The objectives of our study were to: a) determine population density and structure of jaguars, b) compare their activity patterns with that of pumas (Puma concolor), c) ascertain potential prey relative abundance, and d) evaluate local resident’s perception on loss of domestic animals due to jaguar predation. Between April 2013 and April 2014 we conducted camera trapping in Gomez Farias Township with a total sampling effort of 8 580 camera trap days. Besides, we completed 136 semi-structured interviews among local residents of Gomez Farias and Llera Townships to gather information on domestic animal losses attributed to jaguars and other carnivores. We identified eight different jaguar individuals during a complete year of camera-trapping, composed of four adult females, one juvenile female, two adult males and one juvenile male. We estimated a jaguar density of 5.9 ± 1.3 jaguars/100 km². Activity patterns for jaguars and pumas were similar as both were nocturnal and crepuscular in nature. The most abundant potential prey species for jaguars in the study site were Crax rubra, Cuniculus paca, Mazama temama, Odocoileus virginianus and Didelphis virginiana; while the rarest were Mephitis macroura and Procyon lotor. Interview results suggested that chickens, dogs, and house cats were the most consumed domestic animals from all reported losses by local residents (n= 107). This study represents the first attempt to describe jaguar ecology in “El Cielo” Biosphere Reserve; however, there is a need of additional monitoring efforts to determine the current status of jaguars in a larger area in order to establish conservation strategies. Finally, this jaguar population may have an important role in maintaining the species in the Sierra Madre Oriental biological corridor connecting populations in Nuevo Leon and San Luis states in Northeastern Mexico.
Does Plan B work? Home range estimations from stored on board and transmitted data sets produced by GPS-telemetry in the Colombian amazon
Authors: Cabrera Jaime Andres , Molina Eduardo , Gonzalez Tania , Armenteras Dolors
Published: September 2016

Telemetry based on Global Positioning Systems (GPS) makes possible to gather large quantities of information in a very fine scale and work with species that were impossible to study in the past. When working with GPS telemetry, the option of storing data on board could be more desirable than the sole satellite transmitted data, due to the increase in the amount of locations available for analysis. Nonetheless, the uncertainty in the retrieving of the collar unit makes satellite-transmitted technologies something to take into account. Therefore, differences between store-on-board (SoB) and satellite-transmitted (IT) data sets need to be considered. Differences between SoB and IT data collected from two lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris), were explored by means of the calculation of home range areas by three different methods: the Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP), the Fixed Kernel Density Estimator (KDE) and the Brownian Bridges (BB). SoB and IT data sets were similar, with fix ranging from 63% to 85% respectively and 16 m to 17 m horizontal errors. Depending on the total number of locations available for each individual, the home ranges estimated showed differences between 2.7% and 79.3%, for the 50% probability contour and between 9.9% and 61.8% for the 95% probability contour. These differences imply variations in the spatial coincidence of the estimated home ranges. We conclude that the use of IT data is not a good option for the estimation of home range areas if the collar settings have not been designed specifically for this use. Nonetheless, geographical representations of the IT based estimators could be of great help to identify areas of use, besides its assistance to locate the collar for its retrieval at the end of the field season and as a proximate backup when collars disappear.
Large mammal community composition and relative abundance under a disturbance gradient in Northeast Costa Rica
Authors: Khazan Emily Schwarz , Arias Maniel Arias , Fernández Porras Luis Manuel
Published: September 2016

Large mammal communities, integral components of Neotropical ecosystems, are increasingly threatened with habitat fragmentation and degradation due to anthropogenic pressures and climate change. Lowland Neotropical palm forests harbor diverse mammal communities, including threatened and endangered species. We monitored three transects in the Barra del Colorado Wildlife Refuge in northeast Costa Rica from February 2014 until April 2015 documenting large terrestrial mammal and primate detections. The three transects represent three levels of anthropogenic disturbance with highest disturbance at the Cerro, followed by Caño Palma Biological Station (CPBS), and lowest levels in Tortuguero National Park (TNP). Overall we found higher diversity and increased presence of endangered species in TNP and the lowest diversity and lower presence of those species in the Cerro. The most influential species driving the differences of communities between the three transect include the white-lipped and collared peccaries which were both present in higher densities on the transects with lower disturbance and higher levels of protection, and domestic dogs which were present in higher densities at the Cerro. This study serves to document baseline densities of large mammal communities in the wildlife refuge which can be used as a baseline for future comparisons. As development is continuing in the region, including construction of a tourist trail at the Cerro, continued monitoring is integral for understanding the effect of development on mammal communities.
Diversidad y afinidades biogeográficas de los tiburones, rayas y quimeras (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii, Holocephali) de México
Authors: Del Moral Flores Luis Fernando , Morrone Juan J. , Alcocer Javier , Pérez-Ponce de León Gerardo
Published: September 2016

The diversity of chondrychthyans in Mexico is described. The fauna is composed by 214 species (111 sharks, 95 rays and 8 chimaeras) and represents 17.3 % of the total number of species recorded worldwide. The families with the highest diversity comprise: Rajidae (14.5 %), Carcharhinidae (12.1 %), Pentanchidae, Triakidae, and Urotrygonidae (5.1 %). In terms of geographical distribution, the diversity on the Mexican Pacific slope reaches up to 56.1 % of those species inhabiting Mexican marine and brackish waters (120 species, 62 genera, 37 families and 14 orders); the diversity in the Atlantic slope resulted similar to that on the Mexican Pacific with 55.1 % of the species (118 species, 59 genera, 35 families and 13 orders). The biogeographical affinities of the Mexican chondrychthyan fauna are complex with 19.7 % of the species being circumglobal, 9.9 % transatlantic, 1.9 % transpacific, and 9.4 % endemic to the exclusive economic zone. Additionally, 36.6 % of the species recorded so far are endemic to the Eastern Pacific coast where the species are similar to those found in the Cortez biogeographic province (27.7 %), followed by the Californian (20.7 %), Panamanian (19.3 %), Galapagos (5.6 %) and Peruvian-Chilean (8.9 %). Likewise, 33.3 % are endemic of the Atlantic coast, where species are similar to those found in the Caribbean province (31.9 %), followed by the Carolinean (24.4 %) and the Brazilian (6.6 %).
Molecular diagnosis and intraspecific genetic variability of root pathogens of arid legumes in Western Rajasthan, India
Authors: Gautam Ragini , SINGH SUNIL KUMAR , Sharma Vinay
Published: September 2016

The productivity of arid legumes remains stagnant over decades because of their susceptibility to root diseases. The information on molecular diagnosis and intraspecific genetic variability of root pathogens of arid legumes is limited. Besides dry root rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, 52 root samples were found infected with fungal pathogens. Irrespective of the geographical location from where the diseased samples were collected, all pathogen isolates clustered in RAPD dendrogram as per their respective genera. Phylogram based on multiple sequence alignment revealed that different genera (i.e. Fusarium, Neocosmospora and Syncephalastrum) separated from each other and species within the genera clustered together with their reference sequences with appreciable bootstrap values. Out of twenty representative isolates representing each cluster and all outgroups sequenced, eight were molecularly identified as Neocosmospora vasinfecta, five as Fusarium solani, two as Neocosmospora striata, two as Fusarium acutatum, one as Syncephalastrum monosporum, one as Fusarium oxysporum and one as Fusarium species. The root pathogens of the arid legumes were found neither restricted to a geographical location and nor were host specific in nature. Fusarium solani wilt in cowpea and seedling rot in mungbean, F. oxysporum wilt in mothbean,  F.  acutatum damping off in cowpea and cluster bean, Fusarium sp. seedling rot in cluster bean, Neocosmospora striata root rot in cowpea and wilt in cluster bean and Syncephalastrum monosporum root rot in cluster bean were molecularly identified as new fungal records as pathogens causing root diseases in arid legumes.
Antileukemic activity of the chemical constituents from Scutellaria barbata D. Don
Authors: Ren Qiang , Xia Tianrui , Quan Xian-Gao , Ding Lin , Wang Hui-Yun
Published: September 2016

Scutellaria barbata D. Don has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for antitumor and anti-inflammatory. However, there were just a few investigations about S. barbata D. Don according to bioactivity-directed isolation and online identification for the chemical constituents. In this work, eight compounds were isolated from S. barbata D. Don. The three flavonoids indicated the cytotoxic activity against human leukemic Reh cell lines. In addition, the constituents of S. barbata D. Don were further characterized and identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The UHPLC- Q-TOF-MS method was in negative ion mode. HPLC separation was performed on a Tosoh TSK gel ODS-100V (4.6 × 150 mm, 3.0 μm) column by gradient elution using water containing 0.3% formic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL min−1. A total of 18 compounds, including 4 phenolic acids and 14 flavonoids were tentatively characterized and identified by means of the retention time, accurate mass, and characteristic fragment ions.
First records of two rain frogs, genus Pristimantis (Anura, Craugastoridae), for Colombia
Authors: Meza-Joya Fabio Leonardo
Published: September 2016

Pristimantis yukpa and P. rivasi are two rain frogs recently described from Sierra de Perijá in Venezuela. Although these species have been expected to occur in the Colombian side of this mountain range, no evidence of their presence was available to date. Herein, I report for the first time the presence of these species for Serranía de Perijá in Colombia. Updated maps of their geographical distribution are shown.
New records of corticioid fungi from Sicily
Authors: Saitta Alessandro , Losi Cristiano
Published: September 2016

This paper is the result of an on-going study on distribution and ecology of corticioid wood-inhabiting fungi in Sicily. Twenty-five species not previously recorded in Sicily are here listed. For each taxon, ecological and distributional data are provided. Subulicystidium perlongisporum was recorded in Italy for the first time in two localities occurring on Quercus ilex L. wood. Description, distributional and ecological data of this rare taxon are also provided. Dendrophora versiformis and Kavinia alboviridis, considered rare species in Italy and Europe, are included in this report.
ASSOCIATION OF MICROSATELLITE GENETIC DIVERSITY WITH GROWTH RELATED TRAITS IN THE BASE POPULATION OF AFRICAN CATFISH, Clarias gariepinus, BREEDING PROGRAM
Authors: Imron Imron , Iswanto Bambang , Ridzwan Narita Syawalia , Suprapto Rommy , Marnis Huria
Published: September 2016

Genetic diversity at molecular level has been assumed to correlate with fitness related traits. However, accumulating evidences showed that the nature of that correlation has been variable. This study was aimed to explore the nature and possible mechanisms underlying that correlation by focusing on growth related traits in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus using microsatellite molecular markers. Fifty individual African catfish of 110 days-old were sampled and subjected to both morphological and molecular analyses. The standard length, total length and body weight as well as allelic scores of six microsatellite loci were measured on each individual. Indices of microsatellite diversity, namely individual multilocus heterozygosity (MLH) and mean microsatellite allelic distance (mean d2) for individual level, and mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) and single-locus heterozygosity (ho) for group level, were correlated to those traits using Pearson correlation coefficient (r). The Hardy Weinberg and linkage disequilibrium were carried out to explore the possible mechanisms underlying correlation. The results showed that at individual level the MLH and mean d2 were weakly correlated with standard length, (r=0.25, p<0.05) and (r=0.24, p<0.05), respectively. At group level, Ho was correlated with both standard and total length (r=0.99, p<0.05) while ho identified two loci, Cga03 and Cga06 significantly contributed to the correlation. Combining all relevant information, present study identified associative overdominance, both local effect and general effect hypotheses might responsible for the observed correlations.
LOW WATER TEMPERATURE AND ITS EFFECTS ON STRESS RESPONSE OF GREY MULLETS Mugil cephalus ACCLIMATED IN FRESHWATER
Authors: Prakoso Vitas Atmadi , Subagja Jojo , Chang Young Jin
Published: September 2016

Grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) can adapt to saline and freshwater. Although belonged to euryhaline species, but information regarding their stress response on low temperature. Environmental disturbance such as low water temperature may effect their physiological condition. These information can be useful for aquaculture development of this species in freshwater. Therefore, the purpose of study was to investigate the effects of low water temperature on the stress response of grey mullets Mugil cephalus acclimated in freshwater. The blood samples of experimental fish (TL: 28.2±1.1 cm, BW: 198.6±25.9 g) were collected during winter season when the water temperature of controlled rearing system was stable at 25°C and uncontrolled rearing system slowly dropped until 12°C. Their stress response on both rearing systems was observed. The results showed that low temperature affected to lower the behavior activity and increase the stress response of grey mullets. The breath frequency of grey mullet regarding their opercular movement at 12°C was 74-97 breath/min., while at 25°C it was 95-114 breath/min. Hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) were shown higher values of 43.5% and 9.5 g/dL, respectively at 25°C than 12°C (28.0% and 7.1 g/dL, respectively). The tendencies of cortisol and glucose level increased with the lowering temperature, showing higher value of 264.8 ng/mL and 35.5 mg/dL in 12°C than 5.5 ng/mL and 32.7 mg/dL in 25°C. The chemical properties of blood in grey mullets showed same tendency comparing between 12°C and 25°C, there was no significant different between each temperature, except for chloride (P<0.05). Chloride value was higher at 25°C, while other blood components such as osmolality, sodium, potassium, and magnesium were showing no significant differences. However, the results showed lower values at 12°C in every blood components, except for chloride. In conclusion, lowering water temperature to 12°C had impact as stressor to the behavior and stress response of grey mullets acclimated in freshwater.
INTERACTION BETWEEN DIETARY MINERAL AND PHYTASE ON BIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCES OF JAPANESE FLOUNDER, Paralichthys olivaceus. PART II. MINERAL DIGESTIBILITY AND VERTEBRAL MINERAL CONTENT
Authors: Laining Asda , Lideman Lideman , Koshio Shunsuke
Published: September 2016

Interactive effects between dietary inorganic phosphorus (IP) and phytase (P) on mineral digestibility and vertebral mineral content were investigated in a 30 days feeding trial followed by three weeks digestibility trial with Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Eight experimental diets were formulated based on two levels of dietary Ca at 0% and 0.2% combined with either 0% or 0.25% of dietary IP and either with 0 and 2,000 fytase unit (FTU)/kg of phytase in diet, respectively. Result indicated that digestibility of total phosphorus significantly increased by three dietary compounds where the highest was observed in fish fed diet contained 0.25% IP and 2,000 FTU phytase/kg and dietary Ca also included in diet. Significant interaction was only detected between dietary IP and P on this parameter. Supplementation of IP and Ca not phytase significantly improved Ca digestibility. Ca digestibility was very poor when dietary IP and Ca were not supplemented in diet even with when phytase supplemented in diet. There was significant interaction between dietary IP and Ca on Ca digestibility. Vertebral total phosphorus, Ca, and Mg content as well as Ca:P ratio were significantly enhanced by dietary IP and phytase. Dietary Ca has significant effect only on vertebral total phosphorus. Interaction between dietary IP and Ca was significantly found on vertebral Ca content and Ca:P ratio. No significant second-order interaction was observed among the three dietary mineral on overall parameters. Based on total phosphorus and Ca digestibility as well vertebral phosphorus content found in this study, dietary IP, Ca, and phytase at rate of 0.25%, 0.2%, and 2,000 FTU phytase/kg diet, respectively are needed to supplement in diet for a better mineral absorption and bone mineralization.
EFFECTS OF SALINITY ON OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND BLOOD PROPERTIES OF YOUNG GREY MULLETS Mugil cephalus
Authors: Prakoso Vitas Atmadi , Kim Ki Tae , Min Byung Hwa , Gustiano Rudhy , Chang Young Jin
Published: September 2016

Oxygen consumption (OC) is one of important factors in aquaculture activities, as the oxygen is a vital condition for all the organisms living in the water and having an aerobic type of respiration. OC is the preferred method for measuring and reporting the metabolic rate in fish. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of salinity on OC and blood properties of grey mullets. Five experimental groups were conducted to measure OC and blood properties of grey mullets Mugil cephalus (BW: 187.9 ± 45.8 g) according to salinity (30→0 psu, 0→30 psu) changes; SDS: fish reared in seawater (SW, 30 psu) directly shifted to SW, SGF: SW fish gradually shifted to freshwater (FW, 0 psu), SDF: SW fish directly shifted to FW, FDF: FW fish directly shifted to FW, and FDS: FW fish directly shifted to SW. The result showed that OC tended to decrease in the groups of SW fish shifted to FW showing 194.5 mg O2/kg/h at 25°C in SDS to 82.4 mg O2/kg/h at 15°C in SGF. On the contrary, OC increased in the groups of FW fish shifted to SW showing 80.5 mg O2/kg/h at 15°C in FDF to 184.0 mg O2/kg/h at 25°C in FDS. Cortisol levels at the end of experiments were rapidly increased with the lowering salinities in SW fish shifted to FW showing 20.6 ng/mL in SDS to 316.2 ng/mL in SDF, while those were decreased with the increasing salinities in FW fish shifted to SW showing 40.2 ng/mL in FDF to 10.3 ng/mL in FDS. However, glucose levels showed no significant differences among all experimental groups. Based on the information from this study, aquaculture of grey mullet might be applied or developed in freshwater due to its osmotic adaptation ability.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PASAR BANDENG (Chanos-chanos sp)
Authors: Hikmayani Yayan , Putri Hertria Maharani
Published: September 2016

Makalah ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi terkait dengan strategi pengembanganpasar produk bandeng (Chanos-chanos sp). Metode penelitian menggunakan survey denganpengambilan responden dilakukan secara purposive sampling dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) sertaExpert Judgement Metode analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan kuantiatif. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa faktor internal strategis hasil penilaian bobot, rating dan skor terhadap setiapfaktor yang teridentifikasi pada komponen kekuatan (S) dan komponen kelemahan (W) masing-masingsebesar 0,44 dan 0,26; atau untuk keseluruhan (agregat) dari faktor internal strategis adalah sebesar0,70. bahwa skor komposit untuk komponen peluang (O) adalah sebesar 0,50 dan untuk komponenancaman (T) adalah sebesar 0,39, atau untuk keseluruhan (agregat) dari faktor eksternal strategisadalah sebesar 0,89. Strategi diperoleh berdasarkan analisis di dominasi oleh faktor kekuatan (S) danpeluang (O) atau Strategi SO yaitu intensifikasi budidaya dilokasi potensial, pembangunan infrastrukturdi lokasi sentra produksi,meningkatkan promosi di negara tujuan ekspor. . Hasil Analisis QPSM urutanperioritas langkah-langkah strategi tersebut adalah 1) Intensifkan budidaya di lokasi potensial denganskor total atraktif sebesar 7,7; 2) pembangunan infrastruktur di lokasi sentra produksi dengan skor totalatraktifeness sebesar 7,5; 3)meningkatkan promosi pasar di negara tujuan ekspor dengan skor totalatraktif sebesar 8,8.Title: Market Development Strategy of Milkfish (Chanos-chanos sp)This paper aims to provide information related to the product market development strategy ofmilkfish (Chanos-chanos sp). The research method used to capture survey respondents conducted bypurposive sampling and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Expert Judgement. Data analysis methodsin descriptive and kuantiatif. The results showed that the internal factors of the strategic assessment ofweight, rating and scores on each of the factors identified in the power component (S) and componentweaknesses (W) respectively of 0.44 and 0.26; or for the overall (aggregate) of strategic internal factorsare of 0.70. that the composite scores for the components of the opportunities (O) is equal to 0.50 and forthe components of the threat (T) is 0.39, or for the overall (aggregate) of strategic external factors is 0.89.The strategy was obtained by the analysis is dominated by the power factor (S) and opportunities (O) orSO strategy is a potential intensification of aquaculture location, infrastructure development at the site ofproduction centers, increase promotion in export destination countries. Results Analysis of the sequenceQPSM priorities steps of the strategy are: 1) Intensified aquaculture at potential sites with an attractivetotal score of 7.7; 2) development of infrastructure at the location of production centers with a total scoreof atractive 7.5; 3) increase in market promotion of export destinations with a total attractive score of 8.8.
PRAKIRAAN DAMPAK PENGURANGAN SUBSIDI BBM PADA USAHA PERIKANAN (Studi Kasus di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Nizam Zachman)
Authors: Saptanto Subhechanis , Wijaya Rizky Aprilian
Published: September 2016

Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Nizam Zachman (PPSNZ) merupakan salah satu pelabuhan perikanan samudera di Indonesia yang terletak di Muara Baru, Jakarta Utara. Tujuan dari penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk menganalisis perkembangan kapal yang mendaratkan ikan di PPSNZ menurut jumlah kapal, stratifikasi GT, lokasi penangkapan (WPP) dan fluktuasi produksi ikan bulanan. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah data sekunder yang berasal dari laporan tahunan, statistik perikanan dan berbagai referensi yang mendukung kegiatan penelitian. Analisis data yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah produksiikan yang didaratkan di PPSNZ pada tahun 2013 ada sebanyak 113.024.086 kg dengan rata-rata produksi perbulan sebanyak 9.418.674 kg. Rata-rata kenaikan produksi ikan perbulan sebesar 6,10 %. Kapal dengan ukuran 51-100 GT merupakan jenis kapal yang paling banyak mendaratkan ikan di PPSNZ. Bila dilihat dari lokasi penangkapannya, paling banyak yang menangkap ikan di WPP 711 yakni di perairan Laut Natuna. Pengurangan subsidi BBM diperkirakan memberikan dampak negatif kepada pelaku usaha perikanan khususnya yang berangkat dan mendaratkan ikan di PPS Nizam Zachman yakni berkurangnya kesejahteraan nelayan karena nelayan tidak melaut, peningkatan harga ikan karena berkurangnya supply ikan dari nelayan dan meningkatnya illegal fishing karena kapal-kapal di atas 30 GT sedikit yang melaut.Title: Possibility Impact of Fuel Reduction to Fisheries Sector(Case Study : Nizam Zachman Ocean Fishing Port (PPSNZ)Nizam Zachman Ocean Fishing Port (PPSNZ) is one of Indonesia’s ocean fishing port where located in Muara Baru, North Jakarta. This research was aimed to analyze the development of fishing vessels landed in PPSNZ according to the number of vessels, GT stratification, fish ground (WPP) and fish production fluctuation monthly. Data used in this research were secondary data derived from annual reports, fisheries statistics and the various references that support the research activities. Data analysiswas performed using descriptive statistical methods. The results showed that the total production of fish landed in PPSNZ in 2013 there were as many as 113,024,086 kg with average monthly production asmuch as 9,418,674 kg. The average increase in fish production of 6.10% per month. Vessels of 51-100 GT is a type of the most fishing vessels landed in PPSNZ. Viewed from the fishing ground, most fishing ground were in the WPP 711 in the Natuna Sea region. Reduction of fuel subsidies estimated negative impact to businesses in particular fisheries departing and landing fish in PPS Nizam Zachman such as reduced welfare of fishers because fishers can’t fishing, fish price increase due to the reduced supply of fish from fishers and increasing illegal fishing for over 30 GT vessels less operation.
DAMPAK LETUSAN GUNUNG KELUD TERHADAP PELAKU USAHA PERIKANAN DI KABUPATEN KEDIRI, PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Firdaus Maulana , Pramoda Radityo , Yulisti Maharani
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak letusan Gunung Kelud terhadap pelaku usaha perikanan khususnya di Kabupaten Kediri. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Mei 2014 denganfokus lokasi penelitian di Kecamatan Pare, Kabupaten Kediri yang merupakan sentra penghasil benih ikan lele. Data primer dan sekunder digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Informan ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa letusan Gunung Kelud sangat berdampak pada masyarakat perikanan di Kabupaten Kediri baik secara sosial maupun ekonomi. Dampak secara sosial berupa perubahan status pembudidaya, perubahan sosial dan perubahan mata pencaharian. Secara ekonomi, dampak letusan Gunung Kelud menyebabkan 274 pembudidaya di 16 kecamatan mengalami kerugian dengan total kerugian sebesar 3,9 milyar rupiah. Rata-rata nilai kerugian yang dialami oleh setiap pembudidaya adalah 14,4 juta rupiah per orang yang meliputi kematian ikan, kematian benih ikan, kematian induk ikan, rusaknya kolam ikan, serta rusaknya peralatan budidaya.Title: The Impact of Mount Kelud Eruption To Fisheries Bussinessin Kediri District, East Java ProvinceThis study aims to assess the impact of the Kelud eruption on fisheries sector in Kediri. The study was conducted in April-May 2014 with a focus on research location in Pare Subdistrict, KediriDistrict which is the catfish seed production centers. Primary and secondary data used in this study. Informants were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the Mount Kelud eruption greatly affected to the fisheries sector in Kediri, both socially and economically. Social impact in the form of changes in the status of farmers, changes in social status and changes in livelihood. Economically, the impact of the Kelud eruption caused 274 farmers in 16 districts experienced a loss with a total loss of 3.9 billion dollars. The average value of the losses suffered by each cultivator is 14.4 million dollars per person death of seeds, death of fish, damage to fishponds, and the destruction of farming equipment.
PERSEPSI DAN STRATEGI ADAPTASI NELAYAN TERHADAP ISU PENCABUTAN SUBSIDI BBM
Authors: Wijaya Rizki Aprilian , Saptanto Subhechanis
Published: September 2016

Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) merupakan input produksi penting bagi nelayan. Pada awal tahun2014, terdapat wacana untuk menghapus subsidi BBM untuk nelayan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untukmenganalis persepsi nelayan terhadap kemungkinan kebijakan pencabutan subsidi BBM dan menganalisisstrategi adaptasi nelayan terhadap kemungkinan pencabutan subsidi BBM. Lokasi penelitian berada diPelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Nizam Zachman dan Pelabuhan Pendaratan Perikanan (PPI)Muara Angke di Provinsi D.K.I. Jakarta. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulandata dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam (in-depth Interview) kepada petugas pelabuhan, tokohnelayan, pemilik dan nahkoda kapal perikanan. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil kajianmenunjukan bahwa sebagian besar nelayan (khususnya nelayan kecil) menolak terhadap kebijakanpencabutan subsidi BBM. Jenis strategi adaptasi nelayan terhadap kemungkinan diberlakukannyakebijakan pencabutan subsidi BBM diantaranya adalah tidak melakukan aktivitas melaut dalam jangkawaktu tertentu, beralih pekerjaan ke sektor non perikanan maupun sektor perikanan lainnya dan mencarisolusi pemecahan masalah melalui kelompok.Title: Fishers Perception and Adaptation Strategy toFuel Subsidize RevocationFuel is an important production inputs for fishers. At the beginning of 2014, there was a discourseto remove fuel subsidies for fishers. This paper aims to analyze the perception of fishers to the possibilityof fuel subsidy removal policy and analyzing the adaptation strategies of fishers on the possible liftingof fuel subsidies. Locations of the study are in the Ocean Fishing Port (PPS) Nizam Zachman and Portof Fish Landing (PPI) Muara Angke in DKI Jakarta. The study was conducted through a qualitativeapproach. Data collected through in-depth interviews to the port officials, leaders of fishers, fishingvessel owners and captains. The data were analyzed descriptively. Results of the study showed thatmost of the fishers (particularly small fishing) refuse to fuel subsidy removal policy. Type of fishing forpossible adaptation strategies enactment of policies withdrawal of fuel subsidies which are not fishingactivity within a certain time period, switch jobs to the fisheries sector and other fisheries sector and seeksolutions through group problem solving.
SEBARAN LARVA IKAN DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN KONDISI OSEANOGRAFI LAUT SULAWESI
Authors: Amri Khairul , Mutoharoh Atiah Al , Ernaningsih Dwi
Published: September 2016

Laut Sulawesi diketahui sebagai daerah penangkapan ikan yang potensial sekaligus diduga sebagai lokasi pemijahan. Berbagai jenis larva ikan pelagis maupun demersal ditemukan di perairan ini. Kelimpahan dan sebaran larva ikan di suatu perairan sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi oseanografi seperti temperatur, salinitas dan sejumlah parameter lainnya termasuk ketersediaan pakan. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh parameter oseanografi terhadap kelimpahan dan sebaran spasial larva ikan di Laut Sulawesi, telah dilakukan penelitian menggunakan kapal riset KR Baruna Jaya VII pada Oktober 2012. Parameter oseanografi yaitu temperatur dan salinitas diukur menggunakan iCTD dan sampling larva menggunakan bonggo net pada 18 stasiun pengukuran. Analisa hubungan kondisi oseanografi dengan sebaran larva dilakukan secara deskriptif dan pemetaan sebarannya dilakukan secara spasial. Hasil menunjukan keterkaitan sejumlah parameter oseanografi dengan kelimpahan dan sebaran spasial larva ikan. Sebaran larva famili Scombroidae dominan berada pada perairan bersalinitas tinggi karena merupakan jenis ikan oseanik. Larva ikan demersal banyak ditemukan di perairan sekitar Kep.Sangihe Talaud. Kelimpahan larva tertinggi ditemukan di perairan bagian utara dan barat lokasi penelitian dimana kelimpahan plankton tinggi ditemukan.

 

Celebes Sea is known as a potential fishing and spawning grounds for several pelagic fish species. Abundance and distribution of fish larvae are allegedly linked to oceanographic conditions such as temperature, salinity and others oceanographic parameters including food availablity. To see the effect of oceanographic on the abundance and spatial distribution of fish larvae in the Celebes Sea, has conducted a research in October 2012using the research vessel KR Baruna Jaya VII. The measurement of oceanographic parameters including temperature and salinity and larval sampling were done respectively by using iCTD and Bonggo net at 18 measuring stations. The analysis of data was carried out for dertemining the effect of oceanographic condition to the fish larvae distribution and distribution mapping spatially of larvae abundance. Results show that there were a connection between fish larvae abundance and spatial distribution with oceanographic parameters. Scombridae larvae distribution was dominant at waters with high salinity condition because they are oceanic. Demersal fish larvae are mostly found in waters around Sangihe-Talaud islands. Highest abundance of fish larvae was found at northern and western part of research locations where the higher plankton concentration was found.
PENENTUAN STATUS STOK SUMBERDAYA RAJUNGAN (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) DENGAN METODE SPAWNING POTENTIAL RATIO DI PERAIRAN SEKITAR BELITUNG
Authors: Ernawati Tri , Kembaren Duranta D , Wagiyo Karsono
Published: September 2016

Sumber daya rajungan (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) di perairan sekitar Belitung dieksploitasi terus menerus dilakukan sebagai sumber mata pencaharian. Pemanfaatan intensif sumber daya rajungan dapat menurunkan ketersediaan stok rajungan di perairan. Indikasi tangkap berlebih (overfishing) terhadap pemanfaatan sumber daya rajungan sudah mulai terlihat dari penurunan hasil tangkapan dan ukuran individu. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengetahui kondisi dan status stok sumber daya rajungan berdasarkan pada hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dari Februari sampai dengan November 2014 di perairan sekitar Pulau Belitung. Metode yang digunakan untuk penentuan status stok rajungan dengan menggunakan pendekatan metode Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status stok sumber daya rajungan di perairan sekitar Belitung mengalami penurunan yang ditunjukkan dengan hasil SPR 5% atau telah mengalami heavily exploited. Indikasi penurunan populasi juga ditunjukkan dengan nilai ratarata ukuran lebar karapas (CW) rajungan yang tertangkap (CW50) sebesar 93 mm, dibawah ukuran lebar karapas rata-rata pertama kali matang gonad (CWm) sebesar 118,9 mm. Upaya pemulihan stok dapat dilakukan dengan cara meningkatkan SPR pada level 10% dan 20% sebagai batas dan target pengelolaan untuk keberlanjutan sumber daya rajungan atau pada rata-rata ukuran lebar karapas (CW) rajungan yang tertangkap adalah 12 cm.

The blue swimming crab (BSC) resources in waters around Belitung waters continously exploited as a livelihood resource. Intensive utilization of BSC resources can reduce the availability of stock in the waters. Indication of overfishing to the BSC resource have been seen by declining in catches and individual size of BSC. The research aims to determine the condition and stock status of BSC resource based on the results of research conducted from February to November 2014 in the waters around the island of Belitung. The method used for determining the status of BSC stocks by using a method Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR). The result showed that stock status of BSC in the waters around Belitung decreased as indicated by the results of SPR 5% or has suffered heavily exploited. The indication of population decline is also indicated by the average value of the size of the carapace width (CW) at capture (L50) as 93 mm, it is below the average carapace width at first maturity (Lm) as 118.98 mm. Stock recovery can be done by SPR at level 10% and 20% as biological sutainaibility as limist and target for management. It could reached if the minimal average value of the size of the carapace width of capture is 12 cm.
STATUS PEMANFAATAN IKAN DI SELAT ALAS PROPINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: Santoso Didik , Baskoro Mulyono S , Simbolon Domu , Novita Yopi , Mustaruddin Mustaruddin
Published: September 2016

Upaya untuk pengelolaan perikanan tangkap yang berpijak pada konsep efisiensi untuk meraih keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif adalah dengan menentukan status pemanfaaatan ikan, khususnya ikan yang bernilai ekonomi penting sebagai tahap awal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan status pemanfaatan ikan khususnya ikan-ikan yang bernilai ekonomi penting di Selat Alas Propinsi NTB. Metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan tingkat pemanfaatan adalah dengan menggunakan potensi maksimum lestari dari Schaefer. Penelitian dilakukan di desadesa nelayan di sekitar Selat Alas Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB). Status pemanfaatan cumi-cumi (Loligo edulis) adalah sebesar 140,4%, tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) sebesar 156,6%, dan kerapu sebesar (Ephinephelus sp) 197,2% tergolong status over exploited. Sedangkan ikan cakalang (Katsuwanus pelamis) 72,6%, dan kakap merah (Lutjanus campechanus) sebesar
65,7% berada dalam status moderately exploited. 

The effort of capture fisheries management which is based on the concept of efficiency is to achieve comparative and competitive advantages is by determine the status of utilization of fish, particularly fish its worth economy important as the early stage. The aim of this research is to determine utilization status fish catch, particularly fish its worth economy important in the Alas Strait of West Nusa Tenggara Province. The method has been used to determine the level of utilization of fish by using the maximum sustainable yield of Schaefer.The study was conducted in the fishing villages around the Alas Strait West Nusa Tenggara Province. Utilization status of squid (Loligo edulis) is 140,4%, small tuna (Euthynnus affinis) is 156,6%, and grouper (Ephinephelus sp) is 197,2 in the state of over exploited. While the utilization of status of skipjack tuna (Katsuwanus pelamis) is 72,6% and red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) is 65,7% in the state of moderately exploited.
PENENTUAN KATEGORI KONSENTRASI BERBAGAI PEUBAH KIMIA KUALITAS TANAH PADA KEDALAMAN BERBEDA DI TAMBAK PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN, INDONESIA
Authors: Mustafa Akhmad Mustafa dan , Sammut Jesmond , Rimmer Michael A.
Published: September 2016

Kualitas tanah adalah salah satu faktor penentu keberhasilan dan keberlanjutan usaha budidaya tambak, termasuk budidaya tambak di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Namun demikian, sampai saat ini belum ada data mengenai kategori konsentrasi peubah kimia kualitas tanah untuk tanah tambak di Indonesia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kategori konsentrasi peubah kimia kualitas tanah sebagai langkah awal dalam menginterpretasi kualitas tanah tambak di Sulawesi Selatan secara khusus dan di Indonesia secara umum. Contoh tanah diambil pada 1.196 titik pengambilan dengan masing-masing dua kedalaman tanah yang tersebar di 13 kabupaten di Sulawesi Selatan. Sebanyak 18 peubah kimia kualitas tanah telah diukur langsung di lapangan atau dianalisis di laboratorium. Uji t digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kualitas tanah pada kedalaman yang berbeda. Konsentrasi setiap peubah kimia kualitas tanah disusun dari terkecil ke terbesar kemudian dilakukan penentuan letak desil dan nilai desil sebagai dasar dalam penentuan kategori konsentrasi setiap peubah kimia kualitas tanah. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa secara umum tanah tambak di Sulawesi Selatan pada kedalaman 0-0,2 m memiliki kemasaman dan unsur toksin (Fe, Al) yang lebih rendah dan sebaliknya konsentrasi unsur hara makro (N, P) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada kedalaman 0,2-0,5 m. Peubah kualitas tanah lainnya seperti SKCl, SP,, dan SPOS relatif sama pada kedua kedalaman. Data setiap peubah kualitas tanah telah disusun ke dalam kategori konsentrasi (sangat rendah, rendah, sedang, tinggi, sangat tinggi) untuk memfasilitasi perbandingan dengan data lain mengenai kualitas
tanah untuk budidaya tambak. Hasil studi ini tidak disarankan untuk digunakan dalam menentukan hubungan antara kualitas tanah dan produktivitas tambak, tetapi dapat menjadi dasar dalam menentukan peubah kimia kualitas tanah tambak termasuk kategori sangat rendah, rendah, sedang, tinggi, atau sangat tinggi
dan membuat keputusan untuk perbaikan kualitas tanah.
ANALISIS RASIO RNA/DNA UDANG WINDU Penaeus monodon HASIL SELEKSI TUMBUH CEPAT Andi
Authors: Parenrengi Andi , Tonnek Syarifuddin , Tenriulo Andi
Published: September 2016

Seleksi udang windu Penaeus monodon tumbuh cepat menggunakan marker DNA telah berhasil dilakukan dalam upaya perakitan strain unggul udang windu. Udang windu hasil seleksi menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pertumbuhan dibandingkan dengan tanpa seleksi (kontrol). Rasio RNA/DNA merupakan salah satu parameter yang telah banyak digunakan dalam menentukan kualitas ikan/udang di antaranya adalah pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rasio RNA/DNA pada udang windu hasil seleksi tumbuh cepat dan kontrol (tanpa seleksi). Sampel udang windu tumbuh cepat yang digunakan berukuran bobot 50,66±16,51 g dan panjang 17,55±1,93 cm; sedangkan udang kontrol berukuran bobot 29,64±11,93 g dan panjang 14,78±2,53 cm. Metode isolasi total RNA dilakukan dengan menggunakan kit isogen, sedangkan genom DNA menggunakan metode konvensional fenol kloroform. Konsentrasi RNA dan DNA hasil isolasi diukur menggunakan GeneQuant. T-test dari Statistix Versi 3,0 digunakan untuk membedakan rasio RNA/DNA antara kedua perlakuan yang dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genom DNA dan total RNA mempunyai tingkat kemurnian yang tinggi. Hasil analisis t-test menunjukkan
bahwa rasio RNA/DNA udang windu tumbuh cepat (4,51) berbeda secara nyata (P<0,05) dengan udang windu kontrol (3,19). Kecenderungan rasio RNA/DNA semakin tinggi dengan semakin beratnya bobot badan, di mana rasio RNA/DNA udang betina (4,96) lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dari udang jantan (2,93). Analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa rasio RNA/DNA udang windu memiliki hubungan erat dengan panjang (R=0,5628) dan bobot (R=0,6539). Hasil penelitian ini berimplikasi bahwa parameter rasio RNA/DNA dapat dijadikan sebagai indikator pertumbuhan udang windu.