bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fucosidosis: A Review of a Rare Disease
Authors: Pekdemir Burcu , Bechelany Mikhael , Karav Sercan
Published: January 2025

Fucosidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by α-L-fucosidase deficiency following a mutation in the FUCA1 gene. This enzyme is responsible for breaking down fucose-containing glycoproteins, glycolipids, and oligosaccharides within the lysosome. Mutations in FUCA1 result in either reduced enzyme activity or complete loss of function, leading to the accumulation of fucose-rich substrates in lysosomes. Lysosomes become engorged with undigested substrates, which leads to secondary storage defects affecting other metabolic pathways. The central nervous system is particularly vulnerable, with lysosomal dysfunction causing microglial activation, inflammation, and neuronal loss, leading to the neurodegenerative symptoms of fucosidosis. Neuroinflammation contributes to secondary damage, including neuronal apoptosis, axonal degeneration, and synaptic dysfunction, exacerbating the disease process. Chronic neuroinflammation impairs synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival, leading to progressive intellectual disability, learning difficulties, and loss of previously acquired skills. Inflammatory cytokines and lysosomal burden in motor neurons and associated pathways contribute to ataxia, spasticity, and hypotonia, which are common motor symptoms in fucosidosis. Elevated neuroinflammatory markers can increase neuronal excitability, leading to the frequent occurrence of epilepsy in affected individuals. So, fucosidosis is characterized by rapid mental and motor loss, along with growth retardation, coarse facial features, hepatosplenomegaly, telangiectasis or angiokeratomas, epilepsy, inguinal hernia, and dysostosis multiplex. Patients usually die at an early age. Treatment of fucosidosis is a great challenge, and there is currently no definitive effective treatment. Hematopoietic cell transplantation studies are ongoing in the treatment of fucosidosis. However, early diagnosis of this disease and treatment can be effective. In addition, the body’s immune system decreases due to chemotherapy applied after transplantation, leaving the body vulnerable to microbes and infections, and the risk of death is high with this treatment. In another treatment method, gene therapy, the use of retroviral vectors, is promising due to their easy integration, high cell efficiency, and safety. In another treatment approach, enzyme replacement therapy, preclinical studies are ongoing for fucosidosis, but the blood–brain barrier is a major obstacle in lysosomal storage diseases affecting the central nervous system. Early diagnosis is important in fucosidosis, a rare disease, due to the delay in the diagnosis of patients identified so far and the rapid progression of the disease. In addition, enzyme replacement therapy, which carries fewer risks, is promising.
Resting-State EEG Alpha Rhythms Are Related to CSF Tau Biomarkers in Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Del Percio Claudio , Lizio Roberta , Lopez Susanna , Noce Giuseppe , Carpi Matteo , Jakhar Dharmendra , Soricelli Andrea , Salvatore Marco , Yener Görsev , Güntekin Bahar , Massa Federico , Arnaldi Dario , Famà Francesco , Pardini Matteo , Ferri Raffaele , Carducci Filippo , Lanuzza Bartolo , Stocchi Fabrizio , Vacca Laura , Coletti Chiara , Marizzoni Moira , Taylor John Paul , Hanoğlu Lutfu , Yılmaz Nesrin Helvacı , Kıyı İlayda , Özbek-İşbitiren Yağmur , D’Anselmo Anita , Bonanni Laura , Biundo Roberta , D’Antonio Fabrizia , Bruno Giuseppe , Antonini Angelo , Giubilei Franco , Farotti Lucia , Parnetti Lucilla , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Babiloni Claudio
Published: January 2025

Patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease (ADMCI) typically show abnormally high delta (<4 Hz) and low alpha (8–12 Hz) rhythms measured from resting-state eyes-closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) activity. Here, we hypothesized that the abnormalities in rsEEG activity may be greater in ADMCI patients than in those with MCI not due to AD (noADMCI). Furthermore, they may be associated with the diagnostic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid–tau biomarkers in ADMCI patients. An international database provided clinical–demographic–rsEEG datasets for cognitively unimpaired older (Healthy; N = 45), ADMCI (N = 70), and noADMCI (N = 45) participants. The rsEEG rhythms spanned individual delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands. The eLORETA freeware estimated cortical rsEEG sources. Posterior rsEEG alpha source activities were reduced in the ADMCI group compared not only to the Healthy group but also to the noADMCI group (p < 0.001). Negative associations between the CSF phospho-tau and total tau levels and posterior rsEEG alpha source activities were observed in the ADMCI group (p < 0.001), whereas those with CSF amyloid beta 42 levels were marginal. These results suggest that neurophysiological brain neural oscillatory synchronization mechanisms regulating cortical arousal and vigilance through rsEEG alpha rhythms are mainly affected by brain tauopathy in ADMCI patients.
Atypical B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with iAMP21 in the Context of Constitutional Ring Chromosome 21: A Case Report and Review of the Genetic Insights
Authors: Gil José Vicente , Avetisyan Gayane , de las Heras Sandra , Miralles Alberto , del Cañizo María , Rico Ángela , Valerio María Eli , Díaz Vanesa , Piñero Paula , Orellana Carmen , Cervera José , Fuentes Carolina , Fernández José María , Barragán Eva , Such Esperanza , Llop Marta
Published: January 2025

Recent studies have demonstrated the association between constitutional ring chromosome 21 (r(21)c) and the development of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21). iAMP21 acts as a driver which is often accompanied by secondary alterations that influence disease progression. Here, we report an atypical case of iAMP21 B-ALL with a unique molecular profile in the context of r(21)c. The onset of B-ALL occurred significantly earlier than previously reported in iAMP21-ALL, likely due to the presence of r(21)c. Only scarce cases of iAMP21 with concomitant PAX5 fusions have been reported. Through an extensive genomic characterization, the novel WWOX::PAX5 as well as 13q12.2 deletion involving FLT3 overexpression was found. These findings suggest that r(21)c may induce chromosomal instability on chromosome 21, triggering chromothripsis and leading to iAMP21-ALL. This case provides valuable insights to unravel the complex interplay between germline and somatic genetic alterations in leukemia. Moreover, it underscores the need for thorough genetic evaluation and multidisciplinary management in patients with syndromic presentation, particularly when rare genetic events may contribute to hematologic malignancies.
Structure-to-Human Interaction (H2SI): Pedestrian Response to Oscillating Footbridges and Considerations on Their Structural Control and Health Monitoring
Authors: Caloni Aurora , Morfino Matteo , Civera Marco , Surace Cecilia
Published: January 2025

This review paper investigates the current state of research on structure-to-human interaction (S2HI) in the monitoring and control of cyclo-pedestrian footbridges, focusing specifically on the biodynamic effects of oscillations on pedestrians. Its aim is, therefore, twofold: In the first half, it examines the limited but evolving understanding of human gait responses to vertical and horizontal vibrations at frequencies and amplitudes characteristic of footbridge dynamics. The second half includes a detailed analysis of various modelling strategies for simulating pedestrian and crowd dynamics, emphasising the movements and stationary behaviours induced by structural vibrations. The aim is to highlight the strengths and limitations of these modelling approaches, particularly their capability to incorporate biomechanical factors in pedestrian responses. The research findings indicate that existing studies predominantly focus on human-to-structure interaction (HSI), often neglecting the reciprocal effects of S2HI, with many results in the literature failing to adequately address the biomechanics of single pedestrians or crowds experiencing structural vibrations on cyclo-pedestrian bridges. This gap underscores the need for more precise and comprehensive studies in the field to improve the understanding of dynamic interactions between single or multiple walking individuals and footbridge vibrations, especially for vulnerable and elderly people with limited mobility. Furthermore, considerations regarding the impact of Structural Control and Health Monitoring to alleviate these issues are briefly discussed, highlighting the potential to optimise footbridge performance in terms of pedestrian comfort.
Randomized Trial: A Pilot Study Investigating the Effects of Transcendental Meditation and Yoga Through Retinal Microcirculation in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Saloň Adam , Schmid-Zalaudek Karin , Steuber Bianca , Rudlof Maximilian Elliot , Bartel Till Olaf , Mächler Petra , Dorr Andreas , Picha Rainer , Fredriksen Per Morten , Nkeh-Chungag Benedicta Ngwenchi , Goswami Nandu
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death, and psychosocial stress is considered a contributing factor to these issues. With the rising number of heart surgeries, proper rehabilitation post-surgery is essential. Previous studies have demonstrated the positive impact of yoga and transcendental meditation on the cardiovascular system. This pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of yoga and transcendental meditation on retinal microcirculation in cardiac patients before (admission), after (discharge), and following (3 weeks after discharge) rehabilitation. Methods: This study examined changes in retinal microcirculation in three rehabilitation groups of patients after heart surgery. The control group received standard exercise therapy, while the meditation group incorporated 20 min of meditation, and the yoga group incorporated 20 min of yoga practice, twice per day for the duration of four weeks of rehabilitation. Retinal images were captured using a non-mydriatic digital retinal camera (Canon CR-2, Canon Medical Systems Europe B.V., Netherlands), and the microcirculation parameters central retinal artery equivalent, central retinal vein equivalent, and artery-to-vein ratio were analyzed using MONA REVA software ((version 2.1.1), VITO, Mol, Belgium). Repeated measures ANOVA was performed to evaluate differences between the three groups in the course of rehabilitation. Results: None of the parameters revealed significant differences in retinal microcirculation between the three rehabilitation groups. Conclusions: The study evaluating changes in retinal microcirculation, as an indicator of central circulation in cardiac patients undergoing rehabilitation, did not observe any significant changes. As yoga and meditation are underestimated approaches in cardiac rehabilitation, this pilot study acts as a basis for providing preliminary information for future studies to encourage the research community to fill the gap in this area.
Feasibility Testing of the Automatic Design of Three-Unit Implant Fixed Dental Prostheses with Different Dental CAD Software: A Pre-Clinical Pilot Trial
Authors: Bernauer Selina A. , Wieland Philipp , Zitzmann Nicola U. , Joda Tim
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The technical development of implant-supported fixed dental prostheses (iFDP) initially concentrated on the computer-aided manufacturing of prosthetic restorations (CAM). Advances in information technologies have shifted the focus for optimizing digital workflows to AI-based processes for design (CAD). This pre-clinical pilot trial investigated the feasibility of the automatic design of three-unit iFDPs using CAD software (Dental Manger 2021, 3Shape; DentalCAD 3.1 Rijeka, exocad GmbH). Methods: Two clinical scenarios based on a full dentition were created virtually. Physical models were produced and digitized using two intraoral scanners applying quadrant or full-arch scans (Trios3, 3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Primescan AC, Dentsply Sirona, Bensheim, Germany). For each scenario, iFDP designs were generated automatically using two laboratory software systems (Dental Manger 2021, 3Shape; DentalCAD 3.1 Rijeka, exocad GmbH), resulting in 80 STL datasets (2 scenarios × 2 scan strategies × 2 IOS systems × 5 scan repetitions × 2 software). The files were analyzed clinically for the contact schemes and pontic area. One of the automated designs for each scenario was manually post-processed and one iFDP design for each scenario was manually created by experienced dental technicians (control). The time required for all the design processes was recorded. Results: The automatic design of iFDPs without manual adjustment did not lead to clinically acceptable restorations. The time required for the automatically generated/manually adjusted iFDPs designs was not significantly different to that for the manually designed restorations. Conclusions: Current laboratory software can not automatically generate three-unit iFDPs with clinically acceptable results in terms of the interproximal and occlusal contacts and the pontic design. The automatic iFDP design process currently requires manual adjustment, which means there is no benefit in terms of the working time compared with manually created restorations.
Comparison of a Scheimpflug Camera and Optical Coherence Tomography in Evaluating Keratoconic Eyes Post Keratoplasty
Authors: Gadamer Anna Maria , Miklaszewski Piotr , Janiszewska-Bil Dominika , Lyssek-Boroń Anita , Dobrowolski Dariusz , Wylęgała Edward , Grabarek Beniamin Oskar , Krysik Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

Background/Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare corneal parameters and compliance using a Pentacam HR–Scheimpflug (Pentacam HR) and a swept-source OCT Casia (Casia) in keratoconus (KC) patients post penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and KC patients without PKP, as well as a control group. Pachymetry measurements were also analyzed using a spectral domain OCT Solix (OCT Solix), Pentacam HR, and Casia. Methods: The study included 71 patients (136 keratoconic eyes; group A), 86 eyes with KC post-PKP (group B), 50 eyes with KC without PKP (group C), and 52 control participants (104 eyes). All participants were adults, Polish Caucasian, and met specific inclusion criteria. Patients with ophthalmological or systemic diseases, cognitive impairment, or pregnancy were excluded. Corneal parameters were measured using two devices (Casia and Pentacam HR), while pachymetry was assessed with three devices (Casia, Pentacam HR, and OCT Solix), with the inter-device agreement and group differences analyzed. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found across all groups. The post-PKP KC eyes showed significant differences in all front parameters and K2 and Astig. back, while the non-PKP KC eyes showed differences in the K1 back (p = 0.025). The controls displayed differences in all parameters except front astigmatism (p = 0.61). The Pentacam HR overestimated the thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) compared to the OCT Casia across groups. The inter-device agreement was excellent for the anterior parameters (ICC > 0.9) but good for the posterior parameters and TCT. Conclusions: This study highlights significant variability in corneal and pachymetry measurements across devices, with OCT Casia providing more consistent and clinically reliable results than Pentacam HR. Clinicians should exercise caution when using these devices interchangeably, particularly for posterior parameters and TCT.
Effects of Combined Periodontal, Endodontic, and Dentoalveolar Surgical Treatments on Laboratory Parameters in Patients with Hyperlipidemia—A Clinical Interventional Study
Authors: Martos Renáta , Harangi Mariann , Szabó Judit , Földvári Anett , Sándor János , Katona Éva , Tar Ildikó , Paragh György , Kiss Csongor , Márton Ildikó
Published: January 2025

Background: Patients with hyperlipidemia are of interest because of the possible interplay between chronic local dental infections and hyperlipidemia. This interventional clinical study aimed to evaluate the oral health status of hyperlipidemic patients receiving lipid-lowering therapy for at least 6 months and the effects of non-surgical and surgical dental treatments on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and lipid markers. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with controlled hyperlipidemia and 18 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. All participants underwent dental examinations (clinical evaluation, X-ray imaging, and microbial analysis of subgingival and supragingival plaque samples) at baseline. Hyperlipidemic patients received periodontal, endodontic, and dentoalveolar surgical treatments. Serum CRP and lipid parameters were assessed at baseline, 1 week, and 3 months, while subgingival and supragingival plaque samples were analyzed at baseline and 3 months after completing dental treatments. Results: At the 3-month follow-up, clinical periodontal characteristics, including the plaque index, gingival index, and periodontal probing depth, improved significantly (p < 0.05). A significant shift in microflora was observed in both subgingival and supragingival plaque samples (p < 0.05), alongside improvements in periodontal values and a significant reduction in serum CRP levels (p < 0.05). Serum cholesterol levels decreased significantly, while moderate improvements in serum triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein levels were observed but were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Treating local dental inflammation is associated with a significant decrease in CRP and cholesterol levels and may serve as beneficial adjunct therapy alongside lipid-lowering therapy in patients with hyperlipidemia.
Enhancing Corneal Sensitivity in Diabetic Patients Through an Innovative Ophthalmic Solution: In Vivo and Vitro Results
Authors: Scarinci Fabio , De Simone Giovanna , Ciancimino Chiara , Caggiano Claudio , Pocobelli Giulio , Di Masi Alessandra
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Diabetes is a well-recognised factor inducing a plethora of corneal alterations ranging from dry eye to reduced corneal sensibility, epithelial defects, and reduced cicatrisation. This cohort study aimed to assess the efficacy of a novel ophthalmic solution combining cross-linked hyaluronic acid (CHA), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and inositol (INS) in managing diabetes-induced corneal alterations. Specifically, it evaluated the solution’s impact on the tear breakup time (TBUT), the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), and corneal sensitivity after three months of treatment. Additionally, the solution’s potential to promote wound healing was examined. Methods: Two different populations were retrieved from the database; the first one was composed of 20 diabetic subjects treated for three months with the ophthalmic CAH-CS (OPHTAGON srl, Rome, Italy), while the second group was composed of 20 diabetic subjects who did not want to use any eye lubricant or other treatment. The outcome measures were the TBUT, the OSDI score, and the corneal sensitivity measured using a Cochet–Bonnet aesthesiometer. To investigate the wound-healing properties, in vitro tests were conducted using two cell lines, comparing the results of scratch tests with and without the solution. Results: The results indicate that CHA-CS significantly improved the tear film stability, as evidenced by an increased TBUT and a reduction in dry eye symptoms reflected by lower OSDI scores. Moreover, the solution was associated with an enhanced corneal sensitivity in treated patients. In wound-healing assays, CHA-CS promoted cell motility, suggesting a supportive role in tissue repair compared to untreated cells. Conclusions: Collectively, the results suggest that CHA-CS could serve as an innovative tool for the treatment of diabetic patients with corneal alterations and delayed corneal sensitivity. Clinical trial registration number: Clinical Trial.gov NCT06573606.
Antegrade Ureteral Stenting in Pediatric Patients: Introducing a Novel Ureteral Morphological Classification and a New Perspective on Functional Success
Authors: Mazıcan Mustafa , Karluka Ismail , Temiz Abdulkerim , Andic Cagatay
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The objective of the current research is to assess the benefits that come with antegrade ureteral stenting coupled with imaging techniques in children and also provide a new classification based on the ureter’s morphological elements. Methods: Between 2011 and 2024, 107 antegrade stent placement procedures performed in 71 pediatric patients aged 0–12 years who could not undergo retrograde double-J stent placement were retrospectively analyzed. According to the morphologic structure of the ureter, four categories were classified as normal, straight/slightly angled, S-shaped, and spiral-shaped. Functional success was evaluated by comparing the results of ultrasonography and Tc-99m MAG3 scintigraphy before and after the procedure. Results: Technical success rate was 99.1% and functional success rate was 84.1%. Intra-procedural complication rate was 5.6% and post-procedural complication rate was 39.3%. According to morphologic classification, the functional success rate was lowest in spiral-shaped ureters with 79.5%, but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.775). There was no significant correlation between stent diameter, balloon dilatation, and degree of hydronephrosis and functional success. Conclusions: Antegrade ureteral stent placement is a safe method with high technical success and acceptable complication rates in pediatric patients. The developed ureteral morphologic classification may guide clinical practice.
Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Anti-Ku Antibodies: A Case Series of 19 Patients
Authors: Petitgrand Laure , Ahmad Kaïs , Gamondès Delphine , Diesler Rémi , Fabien Nicole , Gallay Laure , Fort Romain , Traclet Julie , Lestelle François , Chapurlat Roland , Confavreux Cyrille B. , Durupt Stéphane , Turquier Ségolène , Si-Mohamed Salim Aymeric , Coutant Frédéric , Cottin Vincent
Published: January 2025

Background: Antibodies against Ku have been described in patients with various connective tissue diseases. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical, functional, and imaging characteristics of interstitial lung disease in patients with anti-Ku antibodies. Methods: This single-center, retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary referral institution. Patients with positive anti-Ku antibodies and interstitial lung disease identified between 2007 and 2022 were included. Clinical, immunological, functional, and imaging data were systematically reviewed. Results: Nineteen patients (ten females) with a mean age of 59 ± 12.6 years were included. The most frequent associated diagnosis was systemic sclerosis (42%), followed by rheumatoid arthritis (26%), Sjögren syndrome, undifferentiated connective tissue disease, and overlap between systemic sclerosis and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (scleromyositis). Imaging revealed frequent septal and intralobular reticulations and ground-glass opacities, with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia as the predominant pattern (53%). The mean forced vital capacity was 82% ± 26 of the predicted value, and the mean diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was 55% ± 21. Over the first year of follow-up, the mean annual forced vital capacity decline was 140 mL/year (range: 0–1610 mL/year). The overall survival rate was 82% at 5 years and 67% at 10 years. Conclusions: Most patients with interstitial lung disease and anti-Ku antibodies presented with dyspnea, a mild-to-moderate restrictive ventilatory pattern, and reduced diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. The CT pattern was heterogeneous but was consistent with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia in half of the patients.
Next-Generation Dental Materials: Exploring Bacterial Biofilm Formation on 3D-Printable Resin-Based Composites
Authors: Koji Uehara Emerson , Castro de Lima Gustavo , Sardi Janaina de Cassia Orlandi , de Figueiredo Luciene Cristina , Shibli Jamil Awad , Asbi Thabet , Haim Doron , Augusto Rodrigues José
Published: January 2025

This study evaluated the microbial growth profile of subgingival multispecies biofilm on 3D-printable resin-based composites (PRBCs). A 96-well cell plate cultivated a 39-species biofilm associated with periodontitis over 7 days. Cylindrical specimens with 12 mm high and 3 mm diameters were prepared by the PRBC group (Cosmos Temp-Yller; Prizma 3D Bio Crown; Prizma 3D Bio Prov) and an acrylic resin as control. Further, these specimens were immersed in the well plate to allow biofilm formation. After growing for 7 days, the metabolic biofilm activity was evaluated by colorimetric assay and the microbial profile by DNA-DNA hybridization. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests evaluated each bacteria count and complex group. A greater biofilm formation was observed on PRBC groups than on acrylic resin. The microbiological profile of PRBC was associated with a less pathogenic biofilm, with an absence of a red complex. Acrylic resin showed low biofilm growth, but the biofilm profile was related to periodontal disease, characterized by red-complex bacteria. The selection of PRBC may contribute more effectively to maintaining periodontal health than acrylic resin.
Sensory Processing Sensitivity and Its Relation to Exercise Behavior and Preferred Exercise Intensity
Authors: Webb Benjamin Lee
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Regular exercise is important for overall health, yet exercise participation in the United States remains low. Exercise promotion depends on identifying factors such as personality that might influence exercise participation. Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), a personality trait described as the tendency to deeply process environmental stimuli, is a psychological factor that may influence exercise participation. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine relationships among SPS, exercise behavior, and preferred exercise intensity. Methods: Participants (N = 320) were college students and employees who completed the 12-Item Highly Sensitive Person Scale, the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, and a question related to preferred exercise intensity. Results: Participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 70 years (M = 39.36, SD = 15.15), and they were mostly female (69.6%). Most participants were physically active (77.5%). Mean SPS scores were not significantly different between active (M = 50.2, SD = 10.9) and insufficiently active (M = 51.4, SD = 9.97) participants; however, post hoc analysis revealed that the mean increase in SPS score from preference for vigorous intensity to light intensity (5.18, 95% CI [0.13, 10.2]) was statistically significant (p = 0.043). Conclusions: Exercise preferences are an important consideration for exercise adoption and adherence; thus, these findings have practical implications for exercise promotion, especially for individuals who score higher in SPS.
Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences; A Trend of Top Medical Specialization Without Delineation
Authors: Motofei Ion G.
Published: January 2025

The Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences was founded in 2014 by Ion G [...]
Parametric Estimation of Directional Wave Spectra from Moored FPSO Motion Data Using Optimized Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Kwon Do-Soo , Kim Sung-Jae , Jin Chungkuk , Kim MooHyun
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces a comprehensive, data-driven framework for parametrically estimating directional ocean wave spectra from numerically simulated FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) vessel motions. Leveraging a mid-fidelity digital twin of a spread-moored FPSO vessel in the Guyana Sea, this approach integrates a wide range of statistical values calculated from the time histories of vessel responses—displacements, angular velocities, and translational accelerations. Artificial neural networks (ANNs), trained and optimized through hyperparameter tuning and feature selection, are employed to estimate wave parameters including the significant wave height, peak period, main wave direction, enhancement parameter, and directional-spreading factor. A systematic correlation analysis ensures that informative input features are retained, while extensive sensitivity tests confirm that richer input sets notably improve predictive accuracy. In addition, comparisons against other machine learning (ML) methods—such as Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and Ridge Regression—demonstrate the present ANN model’s superior ability to capture intricate nonlinear interdependencies between vessel motions and environmental conditions.
AquaYOLO: Enhancing YOLOv8 for Accurate Underwater Object Detection for Sonar Images
Authors: Lu Yanyang , Zhang Jingjing , Chen Qinglang , Xu Chengjun , Irfan Muhammad , Chen Zhe
Published: January 2025

Object detection in underwater environments presents significant challenges due to the inherent limitations of sonar imaging, such as noise, low resolution, lack of texture, and color information. This paper introduces AquaYOLO, an enhanced YOLOv8 version specifically designed to improve object detection accuracy in underwater sonar images. AquaYOLO replaces traditional convolutional layers with a residual block in the backbone network to enhance feature extraction. In addition, we introduce Dynamic Selection Aggregation Module (DSAM) and Context-Aware Feature Selection (CAFS) in the neck network. These modifications allow AquaYOLO to capture intricate details better and reduce feature redundancy, leading to improved performance in underwater object detection tasks. The model is evaluated on two standard underwater sonar datasets, UATD and Marine Debris, demonstrating superior accuracy and robustness compared to baseline models.
Moderating Effects of Park Accessibility and External Environment on Park Satisfaction in a Mountainous City
Authors: Wu Hong , Gong Cong , Wang Rui , Niu Xiaoyue , Cao Yu , Cao Changhao , Hu Changjuan
Published: January 2025

Urban parks play a vital role in enhancing residents’ well-being, making it essential for decision-makers and designers to understand the factors influencing park satisfaction to improve park attributes. While existing studies primarily focus on internal park characteristics, this study investigates the diverse ways that external environmental factors influence park satisfaction. Using moderated regression models, we examined six factors, i.e., the quality of neighborhood compound greenspaces, perceived home–park distance, walking difficulty, the convenience of coordinating other trips, external environmental quality, and perceived travel safety, in Chongqing, China. Based on an intercept survey of 301 residents, five factors significantly impacted park satisfaction. Notably, the quality of compound greenspaces and trip coordination convenience were critical determinants, showing large correlations with satisfaction. Enhancing environmental quality and travel safety along access routes is also crucial, as they directly enhance satisfaction and moderate the impacts of internal park quality. Reducing walking difficulties can encourage frequent park visits and strengthen the relationship between internal park quality and satisfaction. Interestingly, the perceived home–park distance had minimal impact, likely because the parks studied were in close proximity to participants’ homes. These findings highlight the importance of holistically considering both internal and external factors in urban park planning and design. Future research should explore additional external factors in diverse urban contexts.
Urban Land Grabbing: Analyzing Zones for Community Uses in Hong Kong
Authors: Chua Mark Hansley , Lai Lawrence Wai Chung
Published: January 2025

This study, as a contribution to the research on urban land grabbing (grabs) as a global phenomenon, seeks to evaluate the populist belief that developers swallow up urban land originally zoned for community purposes under Government, Institution and Community (GIC) zoning, thus depriving communities of space for their own benefit. The authors applied a systematic analysis of non-aggregate planning and development statistics to better interpret the features of the land market as regulated by zoning. Their research focuses on the salient features of redevelopment projects that enjoy successful planning applications and onsite development in GIC zones. They compared the planning and development statistics, obtained from the Planning Department’s website, of 425 approved GIC projects with those of the 261 Comprehensive Development Area (CDA) zone projects. Subject to the limitations of the data collected, the results qualify a negative view of land oligarchs (powerful land developers) who sought land under unitary ownership obtained in the past at nominal land premiums for quick windfalls. Particularly, GIC redevelopments were found to have proceeded much faster than CDA developments and, hence, were a natural attraction to developers, which were diverse, not exclusively private, and produced a few urban innovations during the redevelopment process.
Outcomes of Left Ventricular Assist Devices as Destination Therapy: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Khoufi Emad Ali Al
Published: January 2025

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition that significantly affects morbidity and mortality. For patients with end-stage HF who are not candidates for heart transplantation, left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) provide mechanical circulatory support as a long-term solution, known as destination therapy (DT). Objective: This meta-analysis aims to synthesize evidence on the survival rates, complications, and quality-of-life improvements associated with LVADs used as destination therapy in patients with end-stage HF. Methods: A systematic search of databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus, was conducted to identify relevant studies. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from 12 studies were extracted and analyzed using a random-effects model. Survival rates, complications (e.g., infection and bleeding), and quality-of-life measures were the primary outcomes evaluated. Results: The analysis showed significant improvements in survival, with a pooled effect size of 0.848 (95% CI: 0.306–1.390, p = 0.002). Complication rates varied, with infections and bleeding being the most common adverse events. Quality of life also improved significantly post-LVAD implantation, with a standardized mean difference of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65–0.91). Conclusions: LVADs as destination therapy provide a viable option for improving the survival and quality of life of end-stage HF patients, despite the associated risks of complications. Further research is needed to refine patient selection and management strategies to optimize outcomes.
How to Reliably Measure Stroke Volume Index in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Comparison of Thermodilution, Direct and Indirect Fick, and Cardiac MRI
Authors: Baccelli Andrea , Gopalan Deepa , Davies Rachel J. , Haji Gulammehdi , Gin-Sing Wendy , Howard Luke S. , Lo Giudice Francesco
Published: January 2025

Background. Stroke volume index (SVI) is an important prognostic parameter in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The direct Fick (DF) method represents the gold standard for measuring it. Indirect Fick (IF) and thermodilution (TD) are simpler and widely used alternatives. However, data on the accuracy of these methods in estimating SVI in PAH are scant. We aimed to compare these different invasive methods, and in a subgroup of patients, to a non-invasive method using MRI. Methods. We enrolled 103 PAH patients undergoing a diagnostic or follow-up right heart catheterization at our centre (mean age 56 years, 56% female). The Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess agreement between methods. Potential demographic, clinical, and hemodynamic biases were explored. The accuracy of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived SVI was assessed in a subset of patients. Results. The mean bias for IF-SVI vs. DF-SVI was −5.53 mL/min/m2 with a median percentage error (PE) of 15%. The mean bias was lower, 0.09 mL/min/m2, for TD-SVI vs. DF-SVI with a median PE of 10%. Low cardiac index and severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) were associated with a greater bias between TD and DF. CMR-SVI showed good accuracy and precision even in patients with severe TR, compared to DF. Conclusions. The indirect Fick is the less reliable method to assess SVI also in PAH patients. Thermodilution is a valid alternative to direct Fick, but it should be used with caution in patients with severe TR or low cardiac index. SVI measured by cardiac MRI is a promising non-invasive alternative, especially in patients with severe TR. Our observation needs to be confirmed by other series and larger studies.
W/WO3/TiO2 Multilayer Film with Elevated Electrochromic and Capacitive Properties
Authors: Wang Zhenxing , Liu Guofeng , Li Chonghui , Qiao Mei , Tian Meng , Lin Xiaohui , Cui Wanling , Wang Xiaoxin , Liu Jinhai , Xu Shicai
Published: January 2025

Electrochromic capacitors, which are capable of altering their appearances in line with their charged states, are drawing substantial attention from both academia and industry. Tungsten oxide is usually used as an electrochromic layer material for electrochromic devices, or as an active material for high-performance capacitor electrodes. Despite this, acceptable visual aesthetics in electrochromic capacitors have almost never been achieved using tungsten oxide, because, in its pure form, this compound only displays a onefold color modulation from transparent to blue. Herein, we have designed W/WO3/TiO2 multilayer films by a magnetron sputtering device. The impact of TiO2 layer on the optical and electrochemical properties was investigated. The results show that the optimum thickness of the TiO2 layer is 10 nm. The as-prepared film displays a high coloration efficiency (CE) of 74.2 cm2 C−1, a high areal capacitance of 32.0 mF/cm2, an excellent rate performance (with the areal capacitance still retaining 87% of the maximum capacitance at a current density of 1 mA/cm2), and a high cycle life (with a capacity retention of 91% after 1000 cycles).
Memory Effect of Double Oxides Compared to Simple Ion Exchange for Controlled Fluoride Ion Capture and Release
Authors: Alazreg Asma , Tadić Vladisav , Egelja Adela , Savić Andrija , Šaponjić Aleksandra , Vuksanović Marija M. , Heinemann Radmila Jančić
Published: January 2025

A layered double hydroxide (LDH) containing Mg and Al was synthesized from a nitrate solution using a coprecipitation method. The resulting material exhibited a homogeneous structure, which, upon calcination at 450 °C, was converted into a layered double oxide (LDO). When rehydrated in a fluoride-containing aqueous solution, the original hydroxide structure was successfully regenerated, demonstrating the LDH’s memory effect. During this transformation, fluoride anions from the solution were incorporated into the interlayer galleries to maintain electroneutrality, as confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Separately, the process was tested in the presence of ethanol, which significantly enhanced the incorporation of fluoride ions into the interlayer spaces. The material’s potential for controlled fluoride release was evaluated by monitoring its release into demineralized water. For comparison, a simple ion-exchange process was carried out using the as-synthesized MgAl LDH. The memory effect mechanism displayed a notably higher fluoride incorporation capacity compared to the ion-exchange process. Among all the specimens, the sample reconstructed in the presence of ethanol exhibited the highest fluoride ion content. Fluoride release studies revealed a two-phase pattern: an initial rapid release within the first three hours, followed by a substantially slower release over time.
Qualitative Research of Composite Graphene Membranes Using the Electric Mode in SEM and AFM
Authors: Romaniak Grzegorz , Dybowski Konrad , Kołodziejczyk Łukasz , Kowalczyk Paulina
Published: January 2025

The development of new graphene-based materials necessitates the application of suitable material imaging techniques, especially for the identification of defects in the graphene structure and its continuity. For this purpose, it is natural to use one of the main properties of graphene—electrical conductivity. In this work, we prepare a 9 cm2 large-area monolayer graphene membrane on porous scaffolding sealed with either GO or rGO. Then, we use electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) AFM mode along with SE and AEE SEM modes to characterize the as-prepared graphene membranes thoroughly. The combination of SEM-AEE and AFM-EFM techniques not only assesses the quality of graphene itself but also characterizes the selectivity and effectiveness of masking graphene layer defects by applying GO or rGO. This makes these methods valuable in optimizing the production of advanced graphene nanocomposites such as semipermeable membranes.
Preparation and Thermal Performance Study of a Novel Organic–Inorganic Eutectic Phase Change Material Based on Sodium Acetate Trihydrate and Polyethylene Glycol for Heat Recovery
Authors: Sun Wanchun , Xu Xuyan , Zhang Tao , Wu Zhijiang , Xu Yansheng
Published: January 2025

A novel organic–inorganic eutectic phase change material (PCM) based on sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) was developed to meet the needs of heat recovery and building heating. Three kinds of PEG with different molecular weights were selected to form organic–inorganic eutectic PCM with SAT. The thermal properties of three series of SAT-PEG eutectic PCM were compared based on DSC results, focusing on the impact of PEG addition on the phase change temperature and enthalpy of SAT, as well as the melting uniformity. The inhibitory effects of two nucleating agents on the supercooling of SAT-PEG eutectic PCM were systematically investigated. The effect of PEG on the crystallization behavior of SAT was studied using a metallographic microscope. To evaluate the thermal reliability of the SAT-PEG eutectic PCM, 600 cycles of melting–solidification experiments were conducted. Experimental results show that SAT can form eutectic PCMs with PEG200, PEG600, and PEG6000, respectively, with high enthalpy and excellent melting uniformity. The phase change temperature ranged from 55 °C to 60 °C and the enthalpy was as high as 250–280 kJ/kg. The results of the cooling curves show that 10 wt% tetrasodium pyrophosphate decahydrate (TPD) can reduce the supercooling degree to less than 1 °C. Significantly, all three series of SAT-PEG eutectic PCMs exhibit exceptional thermal reliability after 600 cycles of melting–solidification, with shifts in the phase change temperatures and enthalpies of less than 4%. XRD diffraction patterns showed that SAT, PEG, and TPD were physically mixed without a chemical reaction to form new substances. Microscopic images reveal that the addition of PEG preserves the original needle-shaped crystal morphology of SAT while reducing its crystal size. The rapid formation of small crystals can provide more nucleation points and expedite crystallization, thereby enhancing the heat release capabilities of the PCM.
Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in Galvanostatic Mode as a Tool for Passive Layer State Monitoring in a Chloride Solution Under a Mechanical Load
Authors: Cieślik Mateusz , Orlikowski Juliusz , Krakowiak Stefan , Żakowski Krzysztof
Published: January 2025

Mechanical stress is one of the factors influencing the initiation of pitting corrosion and deterioration of the protective properties of the passive layer on stainless steel. The tests carried out on AISI 304L stainless steel showed that, in the 3.5% NaCl environment for samples loaded in the elastic and plastic range, no pitting corrosion initiation was observed. Only mechanical damage of the passive layer occurred. Galvanodynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (g-DEIS) was used as the measuring technique. This technique ensures the monitoring of corrosion processes at zero external current (IDC = 0) and no potential perturbation of the system. It also allows one to perform many measurements, so that short-term changes such as cracking of the layer and its repassivation are possible to monitor.
Effect of Surface Finishing and Nitriding on the Wetting Properties of Hot Forging Tools
Authors: Kapuściński Jan , Macyszyn Łukasz , Zielinski Michał , Meller Artur , Lehmann Michał , Bartkowiak Tomasz
Published: January 2025

Lubrication is a critical aspect of the metal forming process and it is strongly influenced by the surface texture of the tool-forming surfaces. This study is focused on determining the effect of surface finish and heat treatment on wettability involving commonly used lubrication agents. Three different finishing states are evaluated (as-ground, as-polished and as-nitrided). Surface topography was measured using a focus variation microscope. Parametric evaluation was carried out according to ISO 25178, including fractal methods. The functional relations between the finish state and wettability, lubricating agent and wettability, selected surface parameters and wettability, as well as between finish state and selected surface parameters, were designated. The results showed that surface finishing treatments, particularly nitriding, influenced both surface roughness and wettability, with varying effects observed across different lubricants and droplet sizes. The findings provide valuable insights into the optimization of lubrication strategies for metal forming processes, highlighting the importance of tailored surface treatments for enhanced tool performance and longevity.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Chlorhexidine- and Triclosan-Impregnated Kaolinite Nanocomposites
Authors: Alimbek Aruzhan , Bekissanova Zhanar , Otegenova Bayansulu , Jumagaziyeva Ardak , Zhaksybay Bagashar B. , Zhumadilova Yana , Ospanova Alyiya
Published: January 2025

Clay minerals are actively used to obtain a bioactive composite. Kaolinite, as a representative of clay minerals, possesses unique properties essential for the creation of biocomposite materials. This mineral, characterized by its distinctive layered structure, is chemically inert, highly stable, thermally resistant, eco-friendly, biocompatible, and non-toxic. Kaolinite, which plays the role of a carrier in this work, has such properties and can be the basis for biologically active composites. Antibacterial composites, namely, kaolinite/chlorhexidine and kaolinite/triclosan, were synthesized by impregnation of calcined and non-calcined samples of natural kaolinite with the antibacterial agents chlorhexidine and triclosan. The structure, morphology, elemental composition, and mineralogical characteristics of the natural and synthesized kaolinite/chlorhexidine (KAO/CHX) and kaolinite/triclosan (KAO/TCS) composites were investigated by methods of analysis such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The calcined kaolinite/chlorhexidine composite at 500 °C (KAO500°C/CHX) exhibited a higher content of antiseptics compared to the non-calcined kaolinite composite. The antibacterial activities of the kaolinite/chlorhexidine and kaolinite/triclosan composites were investigated against Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis and Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains by the well diffusion method and dilution method. The highest zone of inhibition was observed against Staphylococcus epidermidis (30.00 ± 0.00 mm and 30.67 ± 0.58 mm) by applying KAO/TCS and KAO500°C/TCS via the well diffusion method. The minimum bactericidal concentration of the kaolinite/TCS composite was 15.63 μg/mL for Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae.