bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Networked predictive control method of multi‐vehicle cooperative control at communication‐constrained unsignalized multi‐intersection
Authors: Yu Jie , Jiang Fachao , Luo Yugong , Kong Weiwei
Published: November 2022

To reduce the degradation of multi‐vehicle cooperative control performance for connected and automated vehicles caused by time‐varying communication delays when the edge‐cloud is used for centralized control through the vehicle to infrastructure communication, and further improve the traffic efficiency based on driving safety at unsignalized multi‐intersection. A networked predictive control method based on an improved model‐free adaptive predictive control method and multi‐intersection distributed cooperative control scheme is proposed to realize the multi‐vehicle cooperative control under the conditions of time‐varying communication delays at an unsignalized multi‐intersection system, including multi‐intersection edge‐cloud networked predictive control layer and multi‐vehicle car‐following control layer. The control objective can be calculated by the moving horizon prediction control scheme based on compact form dynamic linearization technology through the edge computing controller, and then assigns the anticipated speed to each target vehicle entering the intersection subsystem based on decoupling the unsignalized multi‐intersection system into the multiple networked control intersection subsystems. The extensive numerical simulation results confirmed the benefits of the proposed scheme compared to the benchmark methods.
Design and FEM analysis of high‐power density C‐core permanent magnet transverse flux generator with reduced PM volume
Authors: Muhammad Ali , Khan Faisal , Ullah Basharat , Milyani Ahmad H. , Azhari Abdullah A.
Published: November 2022

Transverse flux machines are made up of armature coils wound in a circular direction and surrounded by armature cores. This configuration enables machines to be designed for multi‐pole structures while maintaining a simple coil geometry regardless of the pole count. As a result, these machines generate more torque and power density than most of the machines with windings wound around teeth and inserted into slots. However, transverse flux machines continue to face manufacturing difficulties because a large number of relatively small permanent magnets are required. Thus, a permanent magnet transverse flux generator (PMTFG) is designed with half the magnets on the rotor in comparison with a regular design while generating 18% better power density at the same size and excitation conditions. After proper parameter selection, the electromagnetic performance of the design is examined, and the viability of the design is verified using a three‐dimensional finite‐element model (FEM). Further analyses were carried out to examine the effect of stator core material and air gap length on the performance of PMTFG. Furthermore, a prototype of the proposed topology is built, which validates the performance obtained through FEM.
Coordinated control strategy for vehicle‐to‐grid support at distribution node
Authors: Thirugnanam Kannan , Yuen Chau , Kumar Praveen , Ghaoud Tareg , Sgouridis Sgouris
Published: November 2022

The increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) creates voltage rise/drop problems when integrated into a distribution node (DN). This generally occurs when EVs inject energy to or draw energy from the DN in a stochastic manner. A vehicle‐to‐grid service for voltage support of DN through controlled and coordinated EV charging and discharging techniques to maintain the DN voltage within the threshold limits is proposed. In this context, a fuzzy logic control (FLC) is developed to generate reference power signal and the power flow direction based on DN voltage and electric vehicle charging station’s (EVCS) available energy. Here, the EVCS is a place where the EVs are charged and/or participate for grid support. Then, an EVCS aggregator is implemented to coordinate the large fleet of EVs based on FLC output and EV’s available energy. Furthermore, an EV’s battery charge and discharge rate controller is developed to control the EV’s energy based on EVCS aggregator output and charge/discharge rate threshold limits. Finally, an active and reactive power control methodology is implemented to maintain DN voltage profile within the threshold limits. Extensive simulations are conducted based on real data from a radial distribution system. The results show that the EVCS can successfully maintain the DN voltage within the threshold limit through the proposed control and coordination strategy.
The Curie line in protoplanetary disks and the formation of Mercury-like planets
Authors: Bogdan T. , Pillich C. , Landers J. , Wende H. , Wurm G.
Published: November 2022

In laboratory experiments, we heated chondritic material up to 1400 K in a hydrogen atmosphere. Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetometry reveal that, at high temperatures, metallic iron forms from silicates. The transition temperature is about 1200 K after 1 h of tempering, likely decreasing to about 1000 K for longer tempering. This implies that in a region of high temperatures within protoplanetary disks, inward drifting solids will generally be a reservoir of metallic iron. Magnetic aggregation of iron-rich matter then occurs within the magnetic field of the disk. However, the Curie temperature of iron, 1041 K, is a rather sharp discriminator that separates the disk into a region of strong magnetic interactions of ferromagnetic particles and a region of weak paramagnetic properties. We call this position in the disk the Curie line. Magnetic aggregation will be turned on and off here. On the outer, ferromagnetic side of the Curie line, large clusters of iron-rich particles grow and might be prone to streaming instabilities. To the inside of the Curie line, these clusters dissolve, but that generates a large number density that might also be beneficial for planetesimal formation by gravitational instability. One way or the other, the Curie line may define a preferred region for the formation of iron-rich bodies.
Research on improving cleanliness level based on the process of extraction and analysis of impurity particles of automobile engine
Authors: Hao Jing , Li Guotian , Wang Shan
Published: November 2022

Based on the case of the oil-gas separator for engine parts, this article has found the key steps to improve the cleanliness level by extracting and analyzing the impurity particles on its surface, and has reached the limit requirements in the enterprise standard. The whole detection process is divided into two parts: particle extraction and analysis. The impurity particles on the surface of the sample are extracted and collected by pressure washing, and the weight and size of the impurity particles are analyzed using a high-precision balance and a microscope. The test results show that the weight of the impurity particles on the surface of the oil and gas separator is 1.68 mg, and the maximum particle size is 887.31μm, which does not meet the product standard requirements. Through the analysis of the actual situation of the case to find the reasons and formulate measures, the final weight of the impurity particles on the surface of the improved sample is 1.22mg, and the maximum particle size is 481.40μm, which effectively improves the cleanliness level of the oil and gas separator.
The evaluation and the intended EU regulation for PM emission from LDV’s brake wear
Authors: Qian Guogang , Dou Yantao , Yang Zhengjun
Published: November 2022

The latest research in the US and EC shows that the emission of brake wear particles of traditional power LDV is about 5-7 mg/km, which is higher than the PM limit of type I test in phase 6b of GB18352.6-2016 standard. The vehicle technical configurations affecting the PMBW actor. The BWPM can be cut almost a half by brake energy recovery technology, and the emissions from pads of NAO material can be lower than that of Low-Metallic material. The average speed of trips and the load on the vehicle are also relevant dependent. Some harmful substances to health or environment, such as Cu and Sb are found in the PM. The EU test method has completed the framework construction and parameters setting, and the regulation is expected to be released in 2022. Limit proposal options under consideration are 7mg/km or 5mg/kg. Speed cycle, ambient temperature and cooling air have influence on the measured value in brake wear tests. It is necessary to investigate whether the WLTP-Brake Cycle is in accordance to LDVs’ application in China, and to develop a test cycle for China.
Analysis and experimental research on the influence of VVT point selection on exhaust temperature in low speed operating conditions
Authors: Deng Zhikun , Zou Xionghui , Lu Pengyu , Geng Peilin , Wang Lihui , Zhao Haiguang
Published: November 2022

During the development of a model equipped with dual VVT engines, a higher temperature of the catalyst was discovered. Therefore, the sweep point of VVT is optimized under low speed and high load conditions. The test results show that VVT has a significant effect on the temperature of the catalytic converter, and the temperature of the catalytic converter has decreased after optimization. At the same time, the VVT opening has little effect on the dynamics. In addition, VVT has an effect on the knocking tendency of the engine. When the knocking tendency increases, the temperature of catalytic converter and power performance of the engine are deteriorated. On the contrary, if the ignition angle can be advanced, the performance of the engine can be optimized.
Study on methanol premixed coupled with EGR to achieve ultra-low emissions in diesel engine
Authors: Wu Taoyang , Yao Anren , Qu Guofan , Ai Youkai , Wang Wenchao , Ma Baodong , Yao Chunde
Published: November 2022

In this paper, an experimental investigation on achieving ultra-low emissions in diesel engine was carried out using intake premixed methanol and EGR technology. The influence of EGR introduction method on combustion and performances were studied comprehensively. The results show that ultra-low NOx (<0.4g/kWh) and PM (<10mg/kWh) emissions can be achieved simultaneously in diesel methanol dual fuel (DMDF) highly premixed low-temperature combustion mode. Compared with low-pressure EGR (LP-EGR), the excess air coefficients under high-pressure EGR (HP-EGR) drops more significantly. At the same EGR rate, the in-cylinder mean temperature and equivalent of mixture are higher under HP-EGR conditions, which results in higher combustion efficiency, lower CO and THC emissions. The maximum brake thermal efficiency of high-pressure EGR is 9.6% higher than that of low-pressure EGR.
Parameter Identification of DOC Model Based on Variable Forgetting Factor Least Squares
Authors: Hua Taoyi , Gao Ying , You Yuelin , Jiang Changwen
Published: November 2022

In diesel engine after-treatment control technology, the accurate real-time control of Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) outlet temperature is an important topic. To find a high-precision parameter identification algorithm for the DOC system, this paper establishes zero-dimensional (0D) and one-dimensional (1D) mathematical models of DOC, introduces Variable Forgetting Factor Least Squares(VFFRLS) and Nonlinear Least Squares parameter identification for comparison and analysis. The results show that the 0D determination coefficient R-square of Nonlinear Least Squares parameter identification results is around 0.9, the root mean square error (RSME) mean is 23.682, the R-square of 1D is mostly less than 0.9, and the mean value of RSME is 32.649; The R-square of VFFRLS algorithm is 1, and the RSME is below 0.02. Therefore, the VFFRLS algorithm is more suitable for the parameter identification of the DOC temperature model.
Algorithm for calculating parameters of mold temperature controller
Authors: Liu Hong , Pan Danqi , Jiang Zheqi
Published: November 2022

In the problem of mold heating proper parameters of mold temperature controller are important for mold temperature, but the parameters are hard to calculate for numerous computing amount, and simulating its state during heating is also difficult for there is a limitation for flow velocity of hot water that simulating will be failure when large velocity. To solve this problem the paper presents an algorithm based on the fast algorithm for heating injection mold by water. A mold temperature equation is established, and the dichotomy method based on the fast algorithm as a core is used to numerically solve the mold temperature equation. The first step of this process is to construct a similar model having the same solution with the original model of the mold heating problem. The similar model is obtained by similarity transformation to the original model. The second step is to solve the similar model, which is fast than solving the original model. The third step is to find solution of the mold temperature equation meeting the heating conditions. An example is given to show that parameters of mold temperature controller are easy to calculate.
Miniaturization of S-band circularly polarized microstrip antenna
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Dou Jiangling , Shen Tao
Published: November 2022

A S-band miniaturized circularly polarized microstrip antenna is designed and fabricated. The curved current technique is utilized, and the effective path length of current is increased by loading the U-shaped slot on the radiating patch. Thus the antenna resonant frequency can be tuned and the antenna can be significantly miniaturized. The experimental samples of the antenna are fabricated and tested. The measured results show that the two resonant frequencies of the miniaturized S-band circularly polarized microstrip antenna are 2.17GHz and 2.25GHz, with an impedance bandwidth (S11 <−10 dB) of 152 MHz (from 2.132 GHz to 2.284 GHz). The measured gain is about 0dB. The measured results are basically consistent with the simulation results.
Research on GIS+BIM technology integration
Authors: Wu Lili , Li Tong , Yan Xiaoren
Published: November 2022

The integration of GIS+BIM technology has gradually become a hot topic in the development of the construction industry. The paper analyzed the difficulties faced by technical integration in terms of data and models, studied the conversion methods of various data formats, optimized the processing of models at the business and technical levels, and provided data and model foundation reference for the collaborative application of GIS+BIM integration.
General attraction analysis on high-speed rail and aviation between Beijing and Shanghai, China
Authors: Liu Lin , Gan Jiadi , Zhang Xuan , Xia Dongyang , Zhang Wenyi
Published: November 2022

High-speed rail and aviation are the two most popular modes of transportation between Beijing and Shanghai. Based on the existing literature, this paper summarized seven key influencing factors of the high-speed rail and civil aviation comprehensive attraction from the Beijing-Shanghai corridor. Furthermore, we constructed five single index models to quantify them. By analysing the logical relationships among various indicators, the generalized travel cost function with different modes of transportation and different user types under different seasons is finally obtained. To ensure the reliability of the analysis results, the collected data were used to calibrate most of the parameters of the generalized cost function model. After that, a series of sensitivity analysis are conducted. The results show that the attractiveness ranking of these two transportation modes is influenced by the purpose of the trip, the characteristics of the passengers, and changes in the season. This paper may offer some valuable references for aviation and railway transport companies.
The Microstructure of AZ61 with Sm
Authors: Li Kejie
Published: November 2022

The microstructure of AZ61 alloy with Sm were investigated by XRD, OM, SEM and TEM. The results showed that the alloy mainly consists of α-Mg matrix, Mg17Al12 phase and Al2Sm phase. The Al2Sm phase can acting as nucleation site of a-Mg matrix and refine the microstructure of alloy.
Load forecasting analysis for regional and industry power systems-based on ARIMA model and LSTM model
Authors: Chen Jiongcheng , Qian Yuchen , Wu Daiwei , Tang Xinlei , Liu Xiangdong
Published: November 2022

The forecasting and analysis for the power system load profoundly affect the security of electricity for production and daily life. Based on the load data of 15- minute interval in a regional power grid in China, this paper forecasts the load of 15 - minute interval in the next 10 days, the maximum values of daily load in the next 3 months, and the maximum and minimum values of daily load in the next 3 months for each industry in the region on the basis of the ARIMA model and the LSTM model respectively, and then compares the forecasting effects of the two models. The conclusions show that (1) The LSTM model has a higher forecasting accuracy than that of the ARIMA model in general. (2) Daily electricity load levels are higher for large industry and commerce and lower for non-general industry and general industry. (3) The sudden changes of electricity load in each industry occur mainly on holidays and days with rainy weather. And the magnitude of the sudden change in the load of large industries is the largest. Finally, innovative suggestions are made for different industries in the context of the “Double Carbon Plan”.
Water supply network modeling and pipe burst analysis based on WaterGEMS
Authors: Ban Fuchen , Zhang Mingxuan , Ye Lu
Published: November 2022

In recent years, the water supply task of urban water supply pipe network is more and more heavy, and leakage accidents of pipe network often occur, among which the most serious leakage accident is pipe burst accident. To solve this problem, this study uses WaterGEMS software to establish the topological structure of water supply pipe network, adopts the water supply pipe network model and computer technology to carry out dynamic analysis on pipe burst accident of pipe network, and uses golden section method to predict the water leakage caused by pipe burst accident state.
Review of research on big data technology in the field of petroleum exploration
Authors: Hou Ke , Li Xinhao , Guo Mingcheng
Published: November 2022

In the era of big data, the rich data resources of the petroleum industry not only provide auxiliary decision-making support for the production and scientific research of petroleum enterprises, but also play a vital role in the digital transformation of enterprises. From the perspective of petroleum exploration data management technology, this paper divides its past development process into database technology stage, data warehouse technology stage, data lake technology stage, data integration platform stage, and special application of big data technology by combing the relevant literature. At present, it is in the initial stage of the construction of the data middle office. The core problem that needs to be solved is to match the calculation type with the most suitable computing framework, optimize the allocation of computing resources, and give full play to the processing capabilities of the data middle office.
Körperliche Aktivität und Sport – gut oder schlecht bei Osteoarthritis?
Authors: Bricca Alessio , Skou Søren T. , Baumbach Linda
Published: November 2022

Menschen, die an Osteoarthritis leiden, sind oft verunsichert, ob sie weiter Sport treiben können. Manche fangen erst gar nicht damit an aus Angst, Sport würde mehr schaden als nutzen. Doch wer sich an bestimmte Regeln hält, kann vom Sporttreiben profitieren – auch Patienten mit Osteoarthritis.
Para-Snowboard – Leistungssport mit Handicap
Authors: Hügler Stephanie
Published: November 2022

Als Physiotherapeutin im Para-Snowboard zu arbeiten, ist ziemlich ungewöhnlich – macht aber viel Spaß und fordert immer wieder heraus. Denn ein Arbeiten nach dem Lehrbuch ist dort nicht möglich.
Endoscopic laser endomicroscopy and “leaky gut” in patients with functional gastrointestinal symptoms and food intolerance
Authors: Frieling Thomas , Gjini Besmir , Melchior Ilka , Euler Philipp , Kreysel Christian , Kalde Sigrid , Krummen Britta , Kiesslich Ralf , Hemmerlein Bernhard
Published: November 2022

Background Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction (“leaky gut
syndrome”, LGS) is thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of disorders of the gut
brain axis. Endoscopic confocal laser endomicroscopy (eCLE) is an objective measure to test
duodenal permeability. We applied this technique in patients with functional gastrointestinal
symptoms and food intolerance to characterize the proportion of patients with LGS.

Material and Methods In an observational study, we evaluated 85
patients with functional gastrointestinal symptoms and food intolerance. Gastrointestinal
symptoms were classified according to Rom IV into functional abdominal pain (FAP), irritable
bowel syndrome (IBS), irritable bowel syndrome diarrhea dominant (IBS-D), irritable bowel
syndrome constipation dominant (IBS-C), irritable bowel syndrome with mixed stool (IBS-M),
functional abdominal bloating (FAB), functional diarrhea (FD) and unclassified (NC). During
eCLE, spontaneous transfer of intravenously applied fluorescein into duodenal lumen (LGS) and
following duodenal food challenge (DFC) were analyzed. Blood analysis comprised parameters of mast cell
function, histology of duodenal mucosal biopsies analysis of mucosal inflammation,
intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) as well as number, distribution and morphology of mast
cells.

Results 24 patients (9 IBS, 9 FAP, 3 FAB, 1 FD, 2 NC), showed
LGS, 50 patients (14 IBS-D, 4 IBS-C, 3 IBS-M, 23 FAP, 3 FAB, 3 NC) had no LGS but responded to
DFC and 11 patients (6 NC, 3 FAP, 1 FAB, 1 FD) had no LGS and no response to DFC. The
proportion of subgroups with/or without spontaneous leakage of fluorescein (+LGS/-LGS) were
IBS-LGS/IBS+LGS 67%/33%, FAP-LGS/FAP+LGS 72%/28%,FAB-LGS/FAB+LGS 50%/50%, NC-LGS/NC+LGS
60%/40%. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences for all parameters
tested.

Conclusion As a proof of concept, the results of our study
indicate that eCLE is a clinical useful tool to evaluate patients with disorders of the gut
brain axis and those suspicious of LGS. However, the clinical significance of LGS remains
unclear. The study should be an incentive to perform a randomized study including healthy
controls.
Guidelines for data-driven approaches to study transitions in multiscale systems: The case of Lyapunov vectors
Authors: Viennet Akim , Vercauteren Nikki , Engel Maximilian , Faranda Davide
Published: November 2022

This study investigates the use of covariant Lyapunov vectors and their respective angles for detecting transitions between metastable states in dynamical systems, as recently discussed in several atmospheric sciences applications. In a first step, the needed underlying dynamical models are derived from data using a non-parametric model-based clustering framework. The covariant Lyapunov vectors are then approximated based on these data-driven models. The data-based numerical approach is tested using three well-understood example systems with increasing dynamical complexity, identifying properties that allow for a successful application of the method: in particular, the method is identified to require a clear multiple time scale structure with fast transitions between slow subsystems. The latter slow dynamics should be dynamically characterized by invariant neutral directions of the linear approximation model.
Excitation-dependent photoluminescence intensity of monolayer MoS2: Role of heat-dissipating area and phonon-assisted exciton scattering
Authors: Bhuyan C. Abinash , Madapu Kishore K. , Dhara Sandip
Published: November 2022

We studied the excitation-dependent photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) of monolayer MoS2 (1L-MoS2) with various flake areas grown on SiO2/Si substrates. The PL measurements were carried out by 532, 488, and 325 nm excitations which fulfill the conditions of quasi-resonant excitation of A-exciton, above bandgap, and far above the bandgap excitations, respectively. The PL QY was found to be reduced by decreasing the excitation wavelength, and it is attributed to variation in the thermal energy dissipated to the lattice. PL emission from 1L-MoS2 was observed with 325 nm excitation in large-area flakes (≥532 μm2) because of efficient heat dissipation. In the literature, PL emission of 1L-MoS2 is hardly reported with 325 nm laser excitations. Under 325 nm laser irradiation, 50% of excitation energy is converted to heat, which substantially increases the local temperature. From the temperature-dependent Raman analysis, the rise in the local temperature is approximated to be ∼382 K in the case of a small-area flake, whereas such an effect is alleviated in large-area flakes. Moreover, inter-valley exciton scattering dominates as the excitation wavelength decreases because of a substantial rise in the phonon population for small-area flakes. As a consequence of inter-valley exciton scattering, dark excitons (K-Σ) dominate over the bright excitons (K-K) under the 325 nm excitation. Hence, total suppression of PL emission was observed for small-area flakes because of dark exciton recombination. The noticeable PL emission of large-area flakes is attributed to the improved bright exciton recombination.
Electromagnetic analogs of quantum mechanical tunneling
Authors: Riga Jeanne , Seviour Rebecca
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we introduce the theoretical framework underlying our proposed methodology of verification and validation (V&V) for quantum mechanical emission models using analogous macroscopic electromagnetic systems. We derive the correspondence between quantum mechanics and electromagnetism using the transfer matrix approach and describe the electromagnetic analog that will be used to anchor the atomistic quantum tunneling simulations. Finally, we illustrate this correspondence by comparing the quantum mechanical and electromagnetic systems for some simple, analytically soluble examples and outline future V&V work based on the framework presented here.
Simulating the magnetic fields generated by piezoelectric devices using FEM software: Beyond the quasistatic approximation
Authors: Xu Xiaotian , Newns Michael , Oxborrow Mark
Published: November 2022

A method for simulating coupled electromagnetic and mechanical vibrations on arbitrarily shaped piezoelectric structures is presented. This method is based on weak forms and can be implemented in any finite-element-method software, allowing editable access to their definitions. No quasi-static approximation is imposed, meaning that magnetic fields generated by displacement currents within piezoelectric materials are captured, enabling the flow of electromagnetic energy inside and around structures containing such material to be accurately simulated. The method is particularly relevant to the design of piezoelectric antennas, resonators, and waveguides exploiting either bulk or surface-acoustic waves. The accuracy and capabilities of the method are demonstrated by simulating, in COMSOL Multiphysics, (i) a Rayleigh mode on the surface of Z-cut lithium niobate crystal and (ii) a torsional mode of a cylinder of lead zirconium titanate (PZT-5H) ceramic functioning as a micro-antenna.
Brain organoid-on-a-chip: A next-generation human brain avatar for recapitulating human brain physiology and pathology
Authors: Song Jiyoung , Bang Seokyoung , Choi Nakwon , Kim Hong Nam
Published: November 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders have become increasingly prevalent; however, the development of new pharmaceuticals to treat these diseases has lagged. Animal models have been extensively utilized to identify underlying mechanisms and to validate drug efficacies, but they possess inherent limitations including genetic heterogeneity with humans. To overcome these limitations, human cell-based in vitro brain models including brain-on-a-chip and brain organoids have been developed. Each technique has distinct advantages and disadvantages in terms of the mimicry of structure and microenvironment, but each technique could not fully mimic the structure and functional aspects of the brain tissue. Recently, a brain organoid-on-a-chip (BOoC) platform has emerged, which merges brain-on-a-chip and brain organoids. BOoC can potentially reflect the detailed structure of the brain tissue, vascular structure, and circulation of fluid. Hence, we summarize recent advances in BOoC as a human brain avatar and discuss future perspectives. BOoC platform can pave the way for mechanistic studies and the development of pharmaceuticals to treat brain diseases in future.
Generalized nonorthogonal matrix elements. II: Extension to arbitrary excitations
Authors: Burton Hugh G. A.
Published: November 2022

Electronic structure methods that exploit nonorthogonal Slater determinants face the challenge of efficiently computing nonorthogonal matrix elements. In a recent publication [H. G. A. Burton, J. Chem. Phys. 154, 144109 (2021)], I introduced a generalized extension to the nonorthogonal Wick’s theorem that allows matrix elements to be derived between excited configurations from a pair of reference determinants with a singular nonorthogonal orbital overlap matrix. However, that work only provided explicit expressions for one- and two-body matrix elements between singly- or doubly-excited configurations. Here, this framework is extended to compute generalized nonorthogonal matrix elements between higher-order excitations. Pre-computing and storing intermediate values allows one- and two-body matrix elements to be evaluated with an O(1) scaling relative to the system size, and the LIBGNME computational library is introduced to achieve this in practice. These advances make the evaluation of all nonorthogonal matrix elements almost as easy as their orthogonal counterparts, facilitating a new phase of development in nonorthogonal electronic structure theory.
Photonic spin Hall effect using hybrid Tamm plasmon polariton
Authors: Srivastava Triranjita , Chitriv Swapnil , Sahu Subrat , Gorai Pintu , Jha Rajan
Published: November 2022

Here, we report a photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE), i.e., splitting of opposite spin in a transverse direction using a multi-layered metallo-dielectric heterostructure by hybridization of a Tamm plasmon polariton and a surface plasmon polariton. The underlying mechanism of PSHE is also explained using the concept of superposition of normal and abnormal modes in the circular-polarization basis. It is revealed that the spin-dependent transverse shift for the proposed hybrid structure is enormously high owing to the transverse shift of ∼18 μm. The PSHE is found to be strongly dependent on the number of bi-layers of the structure and the analyte refractive index, which provides an additional degree of freedom for tailoring the device performance. Therefore, this study opens a pathway for developing next-generation photonic spin Hall devices in the fields of spin photonics, optical sensing, and optical communications.
Describing the dynamics of a nonlinear viscoelastic shelled microbubble with an interface energy model
Authors: Dash Nehal , Tamadapu Ganesh
Published: November 2022

The present work introduces an interesting revamp to the recently proposed interface energy model [N. Dash and G. Tamadapu, J. Fluid Mech. 932, A26 (2022)] for gas-filled encapsulated bubbles (EBs) suspended in a viscous fluid. Here, the elastic and viscous parts of the viscoelastic shell material are described by the Gent hyperelastic material model and a polymer solute following upper-convected Maxwell (UCM) constitutive relations, respectively. Using the aforementioned framework, the integrodifferential type governing equation has been derived, and the physical features of the radial dynamics of the EB model are studied in detail using numerical simulations. The nonlinear behavior and the underlying implications of the newly introduced interface energy model for EBs are also investigated. It was observed that the interface parameters arising from the interface energy formulation and the Gent material model collectively introduce a stiffening effect into the EB model and the extension limit parameter at its lower values affects the radial dynamics of the bubble. Analysis has been carried out at different relaxation time scales, where the viscoelastic shell material resembles a fluid-like or solid-like behavior. The UCM-type viscous part of the viscoelastic shell material introduces strong nonlinear effects into the bubble model and significantly influences the EB’s behavior. For the present model, a detailed study has been conducted to capture the dynamic behavior of the bubble through the time series curves, phase space analysis, and the nonlinear frequency response of the bubble.
Prospective and retrospective values integrated in frontal cortex drive predictive choice
Authors: Hamaguchi Kosuke , Takahashi-Aoki Hiromi , Watanabe Dai
Published: November 2022

To make a deliberate action in a volatile environment, the brain must frequently reassess the value of each action (action-value). Choice can be initially made from the experience of trial-and-errors, but once the dynamics of the environment is learned, the choice can be made from the knowledge of the environment. The action-values constructed from the experience (retrospective value) and the ones from the knowledge (prospective value) were identified in various regions of the brain. However, how and which neural circuit integrates these values and executes the chosen action remains unknown. Combining reinforcement learning and two-photon calcium imaging, we found that the preparatory activity of neurons in a part of the frontal cortex, the anterior-lateral motor (ALM) area, initially encodes retrospective value, but after extensive training, they jointly encode the retrospective and prospective value. Optogenetic inhibition of ALM preparatory activity specifically abolished the expert mice’s predictive choice behavior and returned them to the novice-like state. Thus, the integrated action-value encoded in the preparatory activity of ALM plays an important role to bias the action toward the knowledge-dependent, predictive choice behavior.
Insertions and deletions mediated functional divergence of Rossmann fold enzymes
Authors: Toledo-Patiño Saacnicteh , Pascarelli Stefano , Uechi Gen-ichiro , Laurino Paola
Published: November 2022

Nucleobase-containing coenzymes are hypothesized to be relics of an early RNA-based world that preceded the emergence of proteins. Despite the importance of coenzyme–protein synergisms, their emergence and evolution remain understudied. An excellent target to address this issue is the Rossmann fold, the most catalytically diverse and abundant protein architecture in nature. We investigated two main Rossmann lineages: the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)) and the S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)- binding superfamilies. To identify the evolutionary changes that lead to a coenzyme specificity switch on these superfamilies, we performed structural and sequence-based Hidden Markov model analysis to systematically search for key motifs in their coenzyme-binding pockets. Our analyses revealed that through insertions and deletions (InDels) and a residue substitution, the ancient β1−loop−α1 coenzyme-binding structure of NAD(P) could be reshaped into the SAM-binding β1−loop−α1 structure. To experimentally prove this obsevation, we removed three amino acids from the NAD(P)-binding pocket and solved the structure of the resulting mutant, revealing the characteristic loop features of the SAM-binding pocket. To confirm the binding to SAM, we performed isothermal titration calorimetry measurements. Molecular dynamics simulations also corroborated the role of InDels in abolishing NAD binding and acquiring SAM binding. Our results uncovered how nature may have utilized insertions and deletions to optimize the different coenzyme-binding pockets and the distinct functionalities observed for Rossmann superfamilies. This work also proposes a general mechanism by which protein templates could have been recycled through the course of evolution to adopt different coenzymes and confer distinct chemistries.
Fin ray branching is defined by TRAP
+
osteolytic tubules in zebrafish
Authors: Cardeira-da-Silva João , Bensimon-Brito Anabela , Tarasco Marco , Brandão Ana S. , Rosa Joana T. , Borbinha Jorge , Almeida Paulo J. , Jacinto António , Cancela M. Leonor , Gavaia Paulo J. , Stainier Didier Y. R. , Laizé Vincent
Published: November 2022

The shaping of bone structures relies on various cell types and signaling pathways. Here, we use the zebrafish bifurcating fin rays during regeneration to investigate bone patterning. We found that the regenerating fin rays form via two mineralization fronts that undergo an osteoblast-dependent fusion/stitching until the branchpoint, and that bifurcation is not simply the splitting of one unit into two. We identified tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteolytic tubular structures at the branchpoints, hereafter named osteolytic tubules (OLTs). Chemical inhibition of their bone-resorbing activity strongly impairs ray bifurcation, indicating that OLTs counteract the stitching process. Furthermore, by testing different osteoactive compounds, we show that the position of the branchpoint depends on the balance between bone mineralization and resorption activities. Overall, these findings provide a unique perspective on fin ray formation and bifurcation, and reveal a key role for OLTs in defining the proximo-distal position of the branchpoint.
Manipulating polydispersity of lens β-crystallins using divalent cations demonstrates evidence of calcium regulation
Authors: Bergman Michael R. , Deravi Leila F.
Published: November 2022

Crystallins comprise the protein-rich tissue of the eye lens. Of the three most common vertebrate subtypes, β-crystallins exhibit the widest degree of polydispersity due to their complex multimerization properties in situ. While polydispersity enables precise packing densities across the concentration gradient of the lens for vision, it is unclear why there is such a high degree of structural complexity within the β-crystallin subtype and what the role of this feature is in the lens. To investigate this, we first characterized β-crystallin polydispersity and then established a method to dynamically disrupt it in a process that is dependent on isoform composition and the presence of divalent cationic salts (CaCl
2
or MgCl
2
). We used size-exclusion chromatography together with dynamic light scattering and mass spectrometry to show how high concentrations of divalent cations dissociate β-crystallin oligomers, reduce polydispersity, and shift the overall protein surface charge—properties that can be reversed when salts are removed. While the direct, physiological relevance of these divalent cations in the lens is still under investigation, our results support that specific isoforms of β-crystallin modulate polydispersity through multiple chemical equilibria and that this native state is disrupted by cation binding. This dynamic process may be essential to facilitating the molecular packing and optical function of the lens.
The influence of individual differences and local ecological conditions on emotional empathy, cognitive empathy, and harm avoidance towards nonhuman animals
Authors: Figueredo Aurelio José , Steklis Netzin Gerald , Peñaherrera-Aguirre Mateo , Fernandes Heitor Barcellos Ferreira , de Tomás Cabeza , Salmon Catherine , Chaves María Gabriela Hernández , Araya Siu Fong Acón , Pérez-Ramos Marisol , Armenta Martha Frías , Verdugo Víctor Corral , Aragonés Juan Ignacio , Sevillano Verónica
Published: November 2022

Increased interest in the study of the relationships between human and nonhuman animals over the past few decades has often focused on what factors shape people’s attitudes and treatment towards nonhuman animals. Some scholars have focused on features of the nonhuman animals (cuteness, intelligence, and utility) and how those features predict human behavior while others have concentrated more on possible human individual differences that influence their attitudes and positive or negative actions towards nonhuman animals. In this study, with 978 participants from five different cross-cultural study sites (Arizona, California, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Spain), we utilized three superordinate categories of animal species representing three “Concentric Circles” surrounding our own (from
Kith-Kin
, to
Domestic
, to
Wild
Animals) to investigate the influence of individual differences and local ecological conditions on empathy and harm avoidance scores across these categories. Specifically, these variables were as follows: (1) a set of variables representing the cross-cultural study sites; (2) a second set of sociodemographic predictors; (3) a developmental Animal Exposure factor; (4) a Dark Inventory factor; (5) an Interpersonal Aggression factor; (6) a KithKin-Empathy factor, measuring emotional and cognitive empathy towards
Kith-Kin
animals; (7) a Domestic-Empathy factor, measuring emotional and cognitive empathy towards
Domestic
animals; (8) a Wild-Empathy factor, measuring emotional and cognitive empathy towards
Wild
animals; and (9) a Harm Avoidance factor. A Cascade Model approach allowed us to integrate many factors (individual differences and local ecological conditions) together in explaining empathy and harm avoidance that have previously been examined only in mutual isolation.
Formation of delta-ferrite and its effect on impact toughness of GTAW weld metals in a 12 wt-% Cr steel
Authors: Wu Dong , Tian Wenbin , Zhang Kaiyuan , Lu Shanping
Published: November 2022

This research focused on the formation of the δ-phase and the corresponding effect on the impact toughness in a GTAW weld metal of a 12%Cr F/M steel. Two kinds of δ-phase were identified: one located at the prior austenitic grain boundaries (PAGBs) (called δPAGB) and the other was in the inter-dendritic region (called δinter). The δinter implied that the peritectic transition that occurred at the final stage of solidification in the DSC test, was suppressed in the welding process. A preheating treatment at 95°C decreased optimally the δ-phase fraction and thereby decrease the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT). However, excessive preheating at higher temperatures enhanced the fraction of the δinter by promoting the micro-segregation and thus increased the DBTT.
Real-Time Observation of Electron-Hole Coherence Induced by Strong-Field Ionization
Authors: Zhao Jing , Liu Jinlei , Wang Xiaowei , Yuan Jianmin , Zhao Zengxiu
Published: November 2022

We introduce and demonstrate a new approach to measure the electron-hole dynamics and coherence induced by strong-field ionization using hole-assisted high-harmonic spectroscopy. The coherent driving of the infrared and XUV pulses correlates the dynamics of the core-hole and the valence-hole by coupling multiple continua, which leads to the otherwise forbidden absorption and emission of high harmonics. An analytical model is developed based on the strong-field approximation by taking into account the essential multielectron configurations. The emission spectra from the core-valence transition and the core-hole recombination are found to modulate strongly as functions of the time delay between the two pulses, suggesting that the coherent electron wave packets in multiple continua can be utilized to temporally resolve the core-valence transition in attoseconds.
Investigation of thermal stability and crystallization mechanism of Er0.03(GeTe)0.97 phase change material
Authors: Gu Han , Wu Weihua , Xu Shengqing , Zhou Xiaochen , Shen Bo , Zhai Jiwei
Published: November 2022

Er-doped GeTe thin films with different concentrations were prepared by magnetron co-sputtering technique. The chemical compositions of Er0.03(GeTe)0.97 thin films were measured by energy dispersive spectroscopy. The difference between the phase transition behavior of Er0.03(GeTe)0.97 and pure GeTe films was investigated by in-situ electrical measurements. The crystallization temperature, crystallization resistance and optical band gap of GeTe thin films obviously increase with the doping of Er elements. X-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that proper Er doping can inhibit grain growth and reduce grain size. The surface morphology of Er0.03(GeTe)0.97 and pure GeTe films were observed by atomic force microscopy and it was found that the surface of the film becomes smoother after Er doping. The flatter surface of Er0.03(GeTe)0.97 material means better interfacial properties and reliability. All the outcomes indicate that the proper doping of Er element can effectively improve the comprehensive performance of GeTe thin films for high thermal stability applications.
Diffusion-limited Nonequilibrium Phase Transformation of Nickel/Aluminum Dissimilar Materials during Laser Welding Part I: Precipitation-strengthened Polycrystalline Nickel-based Superalloy
Authors: Gao Zhiguo
Published: November 2022

Polycrystalline heterogeneities of grain growth, phase transformation and tensile properties are discussed by metallography, spectroscopy and fractography when choosing laser welding with butt-joint configuration to satisfactorily minimize effect of inappropriate weld pool shape on microstructure and mechanical properties of γʹʹ precipitation hardable nickel-based superalloy in aerospace industry. There is parabolic relationship between weld penetration and diffusion-limited nucleation, growth and coarseness of secondary dendrite arm spacing alongside fusion boundary through nonequilibrium solidification process, which is dendritically susceptible to grain growth variation and metallurgical discontinuities. The amount, size, morphology and distribution of nonequilibrium intermetallic phase near the dendrite boundaries are kinetically and thermodynamically rely on weld pool shape whose crystal structure is incoherent with γ solid solution austenite phase and increases preference for crack initiation and propagation of brittle intergranular and ductile dimple fracture failures to enormously contribute to losses of strength and ductility. Unsymmetrical keyhole weld is thermometallurgically inconvenient for amelioration of microstructure and mechanical properties on either side, and adversely mitigates resistance to hypereutectic-aided dendrite embrittlement. Beneficial grain refinement and suppression of detrimental nonequilibrium intermetallic phase at the same time are challenging. This problem is an integral part of inhomogeneous microstructure and mechanical properties. The finer grain size occurs, the larger grain boundary area is available for Laves/γ eutectic-type reaction and vice versa. Contributions of coarse grain kinetics and metallurgical reaction thermodynamics to weld disintegration and fracture failure mechanism of tensile properties are explained by microstructure characterization of multicomponent and multiphase weld. Finally, it is imperative to dendritically balance these important factors to minimize inevitable interface solidification products and anomalous substructure growth, and reasonably advance superior mechanical properties of reliable weld.