bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nilotinib-Induced Acute Interstitial Nephritis during the Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Kim Min Jeong
Published: January 2022

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are targeted therapy drugs that selectively inhibit protein kinases. Nephrotoxicity associated with TKIs is uncommon. We report a case of a 39-year-old man with acute kidney injury that developed after nilotinib treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The renal function of the patient decreased during treatment with nilotinib but improved when treatment was discontinued due to neutropenia. However, the renal function of the patient deteriorated again with the reintroduction of nilotinib for treatment. A renal biopsy revealed acute interstitial nephritis (AIN). The patient had no history of comorbidities and medication causing renal injury. Finally, we diagnosed the patient with nilotinib-induced AIN. After switching to imatinib mesylate, the renal function of the patient stabilized without further deterioration. Our case indicates that nilotinib can be a potential cause of renal dysfunction by inducing AIN when renal function deteriorates in patients treated with nilotinib.
Psychosomatic Approach to Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Concept, Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Lee Sang-Shin
Published: January 2022

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) has chronic widespread pain (CWP) as a core symptom and a variety of associated somatic and psychological symptoms such as fatigue, sleep problems, cognitive disturbances, multiple somatic pain, and depression. FMS is the subject of considerable controversy in the realm of nosology, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment. Moreover, the fact that FMS and mental illness are closely associated with each other might intensify the confusion for the distinction between FMS and mental disorders. This narrative literature review aims to provide the concept, diagnosis, and treatment of FMS from the integrative biopsychosocial and psychosomatic perspective. This article first explains the concepts of FMS as a disease entity of biopsychosocial model, and then summarizes the changes of diagnostic criteria over past three decades, differential diagnosis and comorbidity issue focused on mental illnesses. In addition, an overview of treatment of FMS is presented mainly by arranging the recommendations from the international guidelines which have been developed by four official academic associations.
L’influence des normes d’établissement dans la socialisation professionnelle des enseignants
Authors: van Zanten Agnès
Published: January 2022

L’objectif de ce texte est de dégager quels sont les différents éléments à l’oeuvre dans la socialisation professionnelle des enseignants in situ en France et le type de régulation dont ils relèvent. Il analyse les perspectives des professeurs du secondaire qui font une partie tout au moins de leur carrière dans des collèges périphériques réputés « difficiles ». L’hypothèse sous-jacente est que, dans ces établissements, l’écart très important entre la conception dominante du rôle et les conditions réelles d’exercice du métier renforce l’importance d’une socialisation secondaire susceptible d’engendrer de profondes révisions identitaires. L’établissement est donc conçu comme un cadre central dans l’émergence de normes professionnelles contextualisées en milieu urbain défavorisé. L’analyse montre l’importance d’une régulation autonome qui repose largement sur une interaction avec les élèves, médiatisée par la prise en compte du point de vue et des façons de faire des collègues insérés de longue date dans l’établissement, ainsi que d’une régulation contrainte impulsée par des enseignants plus jeunes et par les chefs d’établissement. Mais elle laisse aussi entrevoir qu’aucun de ces modes de régulation ne s’avère en mesure de réduire la situation de dépendance des établissements de la périphérie.
Pluralité des mondes et culture commune
Authors: Dutercq Yves
Published: January 2022

Ce texte analyse l’engagement des enseignants d’un établissement situé en milieu difficile dans leurs efforts de mise en cohérence de leurs missions d’enseignement et de socialisation des élèves. Pour bien mesurer les tenants des incompréhensions et des affrontements qui apparaissent entre élèves et enseignants, l’auteur s’interroge sur les modalités mêmes de l’apprentissage au sein des classes. Il montre que non seulement la situation d’enseignement est une coconstruction d’acteurs au statut différent, des adultes et des élèves, mais aussi que ce travail d’acteurs en interrelation dans la classe peut tout autant être analysé comme la recherche d’un accord entre des mondes au départ très étrangers les uns aux autres. Si les enseignants et les élèves ne visent pas toujours les mêmes objectifs, il est toutefois possible d’affirmer qu’ils tentent, de manière volontaire, d’établir entre eux des procédures de stabilisation de la situation. Bien plus, on peut considérer que les équilibres découverts ou non dans les situations d’enseignement contribuent à mettre ou à ne pas mettre de l’ordre au niveau de l’établissement, l’ordre dans l’établissement étant fortement dépendant de l’accord (et du partage) des normes et des procédures entre adultes et élèves. Construire favorablement la situation d’apprentissage, c’est d’abord s’accorder sur un partage de normes et la mise en place de procédures qui ne vont pas de soi. Il serait faux de l’ignorer comme de ne pas constater que ce travail n’est pas seulement un effort des enseignants mais un effort partagé entre élèves et enseignants, chacun avec ses ressources.
Les transformations actuelles de l’enseignement
Authors: Lessard Claude , Tardif Maurice
Published: January 2022

Après avoir rappelé les trois acceptions de la notion de crise (rupture d’équilibre; résistance à la modernité; exacerbation des contradictions sociales; Charlot, 1987), les auteurs analysent quatre forces de changement à l’oeuvre : l’orientation actuelle des politiques éducatives; la transformation du rôle de l’État; l’évolution vers une logique de marché; les nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication. Ils en dégagent trois scénarios possibles, ainsi nommés : 1) la restauration nostalgique du modèle canonique et des inégalités; 2) la prise de contrôle des entrepreneurs technophiles; et 3) la marche prudente mais ouverte des organisations apprenantes et professionnelles. Ils concluent à la difficulté de dégager l’ensemble des conséquences de ces lignes d’évolution pour le travail enseignant, les changements en cours étant pluridimensionnels dans leurs implications.
Volume 6 numéro 1
Authors: David Sylvain
Published: January 2022

Le dossier « Imaginaires du tout-inclus et autres lieux d’enclavement volontaire » permet de mieux comprendre comment la prise en charge consumériste ou récréative de l’individu peut être paradoxalement vendue comme un moyen de redevenir soi-même, de retrouver son essence ou son identité. Les divers lieux abordés le sont moins en tant que tels qu’au travers de leurs représentations, documentaires ou fictionnelles. Cette médiation par la prose ou l’image a généralement pour effet de révéler la contrainte qui demeure sous l’impression de liberté, l’épreuve que peut souvent constituer une promiscuité imposée.
Le pouvoir d’enclavement et la fin de l’Histoire. De Jurassic Park aux communautés fermées
Authors: Jeusette Julien
Published: January 2022

Cet article analyse trois récits qui traitent d’enclavement — Jurassic Park de Michael Crichton, Le ParK de Bruce Bégout et la nouvelle « Once Upon a Time » de Nadine Gordimer. Le but est de saisir, d’une part, les formes de pouvoir et de domination qui se déploient au sein de ce type de lieux (parcs à thème et communautés fermées), et d’autre part, le rapport idéologique à l’historicité généré par ces espaces privatisés. Nous mettons en évidence la manière dont ces fictions qui poussent la logique du parcage dans ses derniers retranchements mettent à nu la violence de l’idéologie sécuritaire néolibérale.
Comment s’échappe-t-on de son parc à thème natal? Le libre arbitre et les espaces labyrinthiques dans Westworld
Authors: Després Elaine
Published: January 2022

Westworld est une fiction sérielle sur l’enfermement, la liberté et le libre arbitre, les lieux clos où l’on choisit de s’enfermer, et ceux d’où l’on choisit de se libérer. Cet article explore la topographie de la série, sa façon de mettre en scène les personnages, autant humains qu’androïdes, dans l’espace de la fiction. Ce dernier permet d’opposer l’expérience du parc pour les humains, qui y pénètrent de l’extérieur pour le visiter volontairement, et celle, radicalement différente, pour les androïdes, qui y sont créés et tentent par différents moyens de s’en échapper.
Quel double pour l’occupation? La conscientisation de la téléréalité au temps du réalisme capitaliste
Authors: Dussault St-Pierre Antoine , Grenier Pierre-Marc
Published: January 2022

Depuis 2017, l’émission de téléréalité Occupation Double se redéfinit en vecteur de responsabilisation sociale. Avec le théoricien de la culture Mark Fisher, les auteurs montrent que cette posture relève d’une plasticité idéologique qui n’a d’autre allégeance que le marché. Dissipant le mirage éthique dont se pare OD, ils révèlent le monstre protéen qui se cache dessous, ce sinistre double de l’occupation qui nous plonge, spectateur·rice·s et personnages, dans le récit schizophrène du capitalisme avancé.
L’influence du Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues (2001) sur l’enseignement du français langue seconde au niveau universitaire au Canada
Authors: Péguret Muriel , Lamaison Catherine
Published: January 2022

Cette étude s’intéresse à l’influence du Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues ou CECRL (Conseil de l’Europe, 2001) sur les programmes et les pratiques pédagogiques en français langue seconde au niveau universitaire au Canada. À travers les réponses à un sondage en ligne de 65 participants1, nous avons pu constater que la culture d’enseignement est en transition, avec des opinions divisées ou incertaines. Les participants sont généralement satisfaits de l’approche actionnelle lorsqu’elle est mise en oeuvre. Cependant, il y a aussi des résistances par rapport à certains aspects du CECRL, comme la perception d’une concentration insuffisante sur la correction linguistique. Si ce Cadre devait être adopté, un travail d’adaptation resterait à réaliser pour rendre ce document pertinent au contexte canadien universitaire. Finalement, nous avons remarqué que la plupart des changements influencés par le CECRL restent minimes (par exemple, un changement de manuel) et ne correspondent pas au changement de paradigme vers l’actionnel décrit par exemple chez Puren (2011) pour la didactique des langues, ou encore par Fullan et coll. (2017) pour l’éducation en général.
Le portfolio d’écriture du capitaine : un outil qui promeut la rédaction de textes authentiques chez les jeunes scripteurs
Authors: Tantardini Maria
Published: January 2022

L’amélioration des compétences d’écriture dans une langue seconde (L2) est un processus complexe et laborieux. En enseignement des langues basé sur les tâches (ELBT), nous nous tournons davantage vers les tâches d’écriture qui sont, très souvent, ponctuelles. Pour aider les jeunes apprenants à développer leurs compétences scripturales en s’appuyant sur des tâches de façon régulière et continue, nous proposons le portfolio d’écriture. Cet outil, basé sur le modèle de Mak et Wong (2018), propose cinq phases : la préparation, la collecte, la réflexion, la sélection et l’évaluation. Avec notre portfolio d’écriture du capitaine, les jeunes scripteurs de niveau A2-B1 du Cadre européen commun de références pour les langues suivront les aventures du capitaine en accomplissant une panoplie de tâches tout en ayant du plaisir. L’élève aura à sa disposition une carte au trésor qui propose un parcours à suivre, ainsi que cinq outils du capitaine qui l’aident dans les phases d’écriture.
Territorialities and Urbanities Transform: A Scenario-Based Approach to Local Planning and Decision Making in Inukjuak and Salluit, Nunavik
Authors: Vachon Geneviève , Avarello Mathieu , Landry Julien , St-Jean Laurence
Published: January 2022

This article focuses on the sustainable transformation of Nunavik’s Northern Villages with regard to the notions of dwelling, urbanity and territoriality. Our participatory design research approach addressed the limits of current planning frameworks, exogenous development models, and a complex governance system by integrating the relationship to the territory and the impacts of climate change in the exploration of scenarios for alternative futures adapted to local urban realities. The research illustrates these limits and complexities with hypothetical transformation scenarios in Inukjuak and Salluit. By identifying plausible futures, we formulated sustainable planning strategies combining interrelated factors in the development of project-based interventions to incorporate traditional practices in an urbanizing context. The case of Inukjuak illustrates the importance of natural environments, urban consolidation practices, diversity of use, and socialization, while that of Salluit demonstrates the reciprocity between geomorphological, constructive, socio-cultural, and logistical design variables. Evolving Northern development challenges require that the relevance of these scenarios be examined based on alternative hypotheses and long-term horizons, in the imagination of shared strategies for sustainable planning. Design research, the use of decision-making tools and participatory frameworks are questioned in relation to their contribution to the self-determination of local communities in the “resituation” of their living environments.
Pigiasilluta oKalagiamik: Culturally Relevant Assessment in Nunatsiavut
Authors: Godfrey Anderson Jennifer , Lane Jodie
Published: January 2022

Beginning with a story of travelling between northern communities and the shared experiences of the researchers, the environment, and the animals, this research reports the perspectives of teachers, administrators, and parents on how school-based assessment practices impact Inuit learners in Nunatsiavut, the Labrador Inuit Settlement Area. To adjust to current global social, economic, and environmental challenges (Council of Ministers of Education 2018; OECD 2018; United Nations 2010), mainstream jurisdictions are centering their curricular content and assessment measures on competencies (Alberta 2018; British Columbia 2018; Council of Ministers of Education 2018; OECD 2018; Ontario 2016). Our results show that many of these values are already imbedded in community- and land-based experiences in Nunatsiavut and we argue that the development of assessment practices to capture competencies can help reveal the strengths in culturally relevant curriculum and instruction in Nunatsiavut.
Louis Riel : « lieu de mémoire » et de métissage des identités culturelles franco-manitobaines
Authors: Marchand Anne-Sophie
Published: January 2022

Si l’identité franco-manitobaine est difficile à cerner pour les Franco-Manitobains comme pour tout observateur, c’est qu’elle porte les stigmates de plusieurs siècles d’histoire mouvementée, née sur une terre d’immigrations multiples. Elle peut être une, au moment de revendiquer des droits, au nom d’une langue à sauvegarder; elle est aussi plurielle aux points de vue sociolinguistique et culturel. En effet, les francophones forment, en réalité (d’après nos enquêtes sur le terrain), une mosaïque identitaire parfois conflictuelle, composée de Métis, de francophones d’origine québécoise et européenne (Belges, Suisses, Français), véritable microcosme de la situation nationale à l’identité francophone fragmentée. Dans notre article, nous montrerons que l’identité franco-manitobaine possède, à la fois, de profondes racines dans le sol manitobain, et ce, grâce aux voyageurs et à leurs descendants, les Métis, qui ont façonné cette identité dans la conscience des francophones. Et certains écrivains franco-manitobains cherchent leurs repères dans un no man’s land où ils sentent flotter leurs racines. Pourtant, l’attitude de certains jeunes Franco-Manitobains vis-à-vis du Québec ou de Québécois vivant au Manitoba confirme une tendance à l’affirmation de leur identité.
Selected Topics on Business Informatics: Editorial Introduction to Issue 29 of CSIMQ
Authors: Lantow Birger , Nazaruka Erika , Sandkuhl Kurt
Published: January 2022

The objective of this thematic issue was to show the diversity of research in the field of business informatics, both from the perspective of application areas and from the research methodologies applied. Application areas visible in this issue are product development in manufacturing industries, online learning in universities, innovation activities in networks of museums, and curriculum engineering in educational organizations. Research methods include various quantitative and qualitative approaches combined with prototyping and the design science paradigm.
De los muertos no siempre se habla bien: muestras de la ironía en los textos periodísticos sobre Hugo Chávez Frías
Authors: Gołąb Agata
Published: January 2022

In the present paper, irony is perceived as a rhetorical strategy used to emphasize certain issues described in selected discourses. It goes beyond the scope of antiphrasis which was a traditional way of referring to irony. It is a pragmatic phenomenon and the context is crucial for its understanding. Since irony is a perfect tool for persuasion, it can be analyzed within press discourse. The present paper sets out to analyze instances of irony in press articles extracted from the Spanish newspaper El País published over a period of 30 days following the death of the Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez.
CASP microdomain formation requires cross cell wall stabilization of domains and non-cell autonomous action of LOTR1
Authors: Kolbeck Andreas , Marhavý Peter , De Bellis Damien , Li Baohai , Kamiya Takehiro , Fujiwara Toru , Kalmbach Lothar , Geldner Niko
Published: January 2022

Efficient uptake of nutrients in both animal and plant cells requires tissue-spanning diffusion barriers separating inner tissues from the outer lumen/soil. However, we poorly understand how such contiguous three-dimensional superstructures are formed in plants. Here, we show that correct establishment of the plant Casparian Strip (CS) network relies on local neighbor communication. We show that positioning of Casparian Strip membrane domains (CSDs) is tightly coordinated between neighbors in wild-type and that restriction of domain formation involves the putative extracellular protease LOTR1. Impaired domain restriction in lotr1 leads to fully functional CSDs at ectopic positions, forming ‘half strips’. LOTR1 action in the endodermis requires its expression in the stele. LOTR1 endodermal expression cannot complement, while cortex expression causes a dominant-negative phenotype. Our findings establish LOTR1 as a crucial player in CSD positioning acting in a directional, non-cell-autonomous manner to restrict and coordinate CS positioning.
Devil in the details: how can we avoid potential pitfalls of CATS regression when our data do not follow a Poisson distribution?
Authors: Botta-Dukát Zoltán
Published: January 2022

Background

Community assembly by trait selection (CATS) allows for the detection of environmental filtering and estimation of the relative role of local and regional (meta-community-level) effects on community composition from trait and abundance data without using environmental data. It has been shown that Poisson regression of abundances against trait data results in the same parameter estimates. Abundance data do not necessarily follow a Poisson distribution, and in these cases, other generalized linear models should be fitted to obtain unbiased parameter estimates.

Aims

This paper discusses how the original algorithm for calculating the relative role of local and regional effects has to be modified if Poisson model is not appropriate.

Results

It can be shown that the use of the logarithm of regional relative abundances as an offset is appropriate only if a log-link function is applied. Otherwise, the link function should be applied to the product of local total abundance and regional relative abundances. Since this product may be outside the domain of the link function, the use of log-link is recommended, even if it is not the canonical link. An algorithm is also suggested for calculating the offset when data are zero-inflated. The relative role of local and regional effects is measured by Kullback-Leibler R2. The formula for this measure presented by Shipley (2014) is valid only if the abundances follow a Poisson distribution. Otherwise, slightly different formulas have to be applied. Beyond theoretical considerations, the proposed refinements are illustrated by numerical examples. CATS regression could be a useful tool for community ecologists, but it has to be slightly modified when abundance data do not follow a Poisson distribution. This paper gives detailed instructions on the necessary refinement.
Design and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Educational Innovations in Primary and Pre-Primary Schools
Authors: Turrado-Sevilla María Ángeles , Cantón-Mayo Isabel
Published: January 2022

The creation and implementation of innovation proposals in education can provide a new key towards sustainable development. We are aware that schools perform very different innovations but often, with very low levels of impact and dissemination in their community. There are not many studies that describe, put a value on, categorize or analyse the innovations. This study sought to gain insight into the ICT innovations produced in Spanish primary and pre-primary schools. A quantitative approach based on a questionnaire was used to collect the data, named MANEDUIN, completed by 86 teachers selected by stratified random sampling (public - private, rural - urban). The reliability and the construct-related validity was evaluated from the questionnaire and the validity of content decided by means of experts’ judgment. Our findings point to a good consistency in the questionnaire (Cronbach’s Alpha: 0.848). The descriptive statistics and the analysis were made by factorial categories. The results of the factorial analysis confirm the dimensions proposed in the design of the questionnaire in the categories of the factors included in the innovation (social cohesion, interaction with the community, technologies, and success), the innovative schools and their characteristics, the topic and the type of innovation (on resources, direction, materials and time), as well as the obstacles to the innovation. This paper concludes that the questionnaire MANEDUIN is a valid and reliable tool to measure the management of schools’ innovations.
Analysis of Digital Self-Presentation Practices and Profiles of Spanish Adolescents on Instagram and TikTok
Authors: Hernández-Serrano María José , Jones Barbara , Renés-Arellano Paula , Ortuño Rosalynn A. Campos
Published: January 2022

This study analyses self-presentation practices and profiles among Spanish teenagers on Instagram and TikTok. Both of these online spaces prioritise and promote visual publications, are structured to allow feedback on self-presentation, and offer the user filters both to control self-image and to target specific audiences. Three research questions guided the methodological process for the twofold analysis of self-presentation practices on social networks: an exploratory factor analysis to identify latent factors among these practices; and a descriptive analysis of the profiles identified by gender and age. Results indicate that adolescents’ self-presentation practices were related to three different factors: social validation; authenticity; and image control. One of the most outstanding results is that self-presentation practices could be less guided by social feedback, since the number of followers or likes was irrelevant for most adolescents, and that adolescents increasingly tend to be guided by innovative predispositions of truthfulness. In turn, conclusions suggest that teens need to be equipped with suitable self-representation practices for safe and sustainable identity narratives on social networks, since the global COVID-19 pandemic has exponentially increased both the usage and the time spent on social networking sites, enlarging the availability of spaces for adolescents to express themselves and build their identities through different self-representation practices.
UNESCO Strategy and Digital Policies for Teacher Training: The Deconstruction of Innovation in Spain
Authors: Espejo Villar L. Belén , Lázaro Herrero Luján , Álvarez-López Gabriel
Published: January 2022

This paper examines initial teacher training policies in the context of youth digitalisation. Based on international ICT competency frameworks for teachers (UNESCO, 2008, 2019) and information literacy, MIL (UNESCO, 2011), we analyse how Spanish (public and private) universities represent digital innovation, and the identity practices of young people, linked to hyperconnectivity. Focusing on initial training received by future secondary teachers, the sample was selected according to the criteria of non-presential learning (online, distance, blended) applied in the teacher training process. Results confirm ongoing deficiencies in critical teacher digitalisation management, highlighting certain asymmetries between the categories constructed. Data reveals the prevalence of intervention more geared towards formal knowledge than towards decoding digital grammar (which is how digitalisation is used in education). The paper concludes by advocating convergence strategies as a circular mechanism that must underpin all teacher training policies in the age of hyperconnectivity.
Ruthenium, rhodium, and iridium complexes featuring coumarin hydrazone derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, and preliminary investigation of their anticancer and antibacterial activity
Authors: Dkhar Lincoln , Verma Akalesh Kumar , Banothu Venkanna , Kaminsky Werner , Kollipara Mohan Rao
Published: January 2022

Coumarin hydrazone derivatives (L1, L2, L3, and L4) have been prepared by Knoevenagel condensation. Half‐sandwich ruthenium, rhodium, and iridium complexes containing these coumarin hydrazone derivatives (1–12) have been synthesized. The deprotonation of hydrazinic proton from the ligand leads to the formation of anionic species, thereby forming neutral N ∩ N chelation complexes. These complexes have been confirmed by spectroscopic technique and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Spectroscopic analysis of the ligands and complexes shows that the data are consistent with the formulated data. The stability studies of some of the complexes (1,5, and6) were performed by the1H‐NMR technique using deuterated DMSO‐d6solvent. They are found to be stable in solution as well as in the air and are nonhygroscopic. In vitro antibacterial activity against gram‐positiveStaphylococcus aureusand gram‐negativeEscherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniaestrains have been tested. Also, their cytotoxicity study was evaluated against Dalton's ascites lymphoma (DL), Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC), and normal cell lines (peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMC]). In both the studies, complexes (5and6) are found to be the most active compared to the other complexes.
Density functional theory in classical explicit solvents: Mean‐field QM/MM method for simulating solid–liquid interfaces
Authors: Jang Taehwan , Paik Dooam , Shin Seung‐Jae , Kim Hyungjun
Published: January 2022

Solid–liquid interfaces are ubiquitous in scientifically and technologically important systems, and they govern complex chemophysical processes such as those in electrochemistry and heterogeneous catalysis. Atomic‐level elucidation of interfacial structures has been extensively pursued; however, related research is still limited. A major obstacle lies in the intrinsic character of interfaces: they are located between two bulk phases that make the application of spectroscopic or surface‐science techniques be difficult. Although this suggests the possibility of employing computational approaches to explore interfacial structures, modern molecular simulation methods suffer from an inability to simulate large interfacial systems in a sufficient time scale at the all‐atom resolution. To develop a method capable of simulating solid–liquid interfaces, we have been developing a mean‐field quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method. This Review briefly summarizes the theoretical background of mean‐field QM/MM, as well as recent efforts to advance it. Furthermore, we summarize several studies performed based on this method.
Machine learning to predict waitlist dropout among liver transplant candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kwong Allison , Hameed Bilal , Syed Shareef , Ho Ryan , Mard Hossein , Arshad Sahar , Ho Isaac , Suleman Tashfeen , Yao Francis , Mehta Neil
Published: January 2022

Background

Accurate prediction of outcome among liver transplant candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains challenging. We developed a prediction model for waitlist dropout among liver transplant candidates with HCC.

Methods

The study included 18,920 adult liver transplant candidates in the United States listed with a diagnosis of HCC, with data provided by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. The primary outcomes were 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month waitlist dropout, defined as removal from the liver transplant waitlist due to death or clinical deterioration.

Results

Using 1,181 unique variables, the random forest model and Spearman's correlation analyses converged on 12 predictive features involving 5 variables, including AFP (maximum and average), largest tumor size (minimum, average, and most recent), bilirubin (minimum and average), INR (minimum and average), and ascites (maximum, average, and most recent). The final Cox proportional hazards model had a concordance statistic of 0.74 in the validation set. An online calculator was created for clinical use and can be found at: http://hcclivercalc.cloudmedxhealth.com/.

Conclusion

In summary, a simple, interpretable 5‐variable model predicted 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month waitlist dropout among patients with HCC. This prediction can be used to appropriately prioritize patients with HCC and their imminent need for transplant.
Trends in the incidence of head and neck cancer by subsite between 1993 and 2015 in Japan
Authors: Kawakita Daisuke , Oze Isao , Iwasaki Shinichi , Matsuda Tomohiro , Matsuo Keitaro , Ito Hidemi
Published: January 2022

Background

Tobacco use and alcohol consumption are still important risk factors for head and neck cancer (HNC) in developing countries, even though decreasing in tobacco prevalence. Recently, an increased incidence of oropharyngeal cancer due to human papilloma virus (HPV) infection has attracted attention in advanced countries, including the United States and Europe. However, few studies have evaluated trends in the incidence of HNC by subsite in Japan.

Methods

Accordingly, we evaluated these trends in Japan using data from population‐based cancer registries. We compiled population‐based incidence data from the Monitoring of Cancer Incidence in Japan Project, based on data from 19 population‐based cancer registries. Number of incident cases and age‐standardized incidence rates of HNC were estimated by subsite, namely lip, oral cavity, salivary glands, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, nasal and paranasal cavity, middle ear and NOS. Trends in agestandardized incidence rates were characterized using the Joinpoint analysis.

Results

Among both sexes, oral cavity cancer, salivary gland cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer showed an upward trend (oral cavity: annual percent change (APC) 1.2% for men and APC 1.9% for women; salivary gland: APC 2.2% for men and APC 3.1% for women; oropharynx: APC 5.0% for men and APC 7.6% for women). Additionally, hypopharyngeal cancer showed an upward trend for men (APC 4.1%), and nasopharyngeal cancer and laryngeal cancer showed a downward trend for men (nasopharynx: APC −2.7%; larynx: −1.1%).

Conclusions

These findings will assist in focusing on the individual prevention of HNC.
Charge Storage Behaviour of α‐MoO3 in Aqueous Electrolytes – Effect of Charge Density of Electrolyte Cations
Authors: Elkholy Ayman E. , Duignan Timothy T. , Hussain Tanveer , Knibbe Ruth , Zhao Xiu Song
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we show that the electrochemical performance of α‐MoO3 electrode is significantly dependent on the charge density of three studied aqueous electrolyte cations, i. e. Na+, Mg2+ and Al3+. The charge storage capacity of the α‐MoO3 electrode increases with increasing cation charge density. On the other hand, the initial coulombic efficiency decreases, and the charge transport kinetics are slowed with increasing charge density. This study provides an insightful understanding of the relationship between the charge density of metal ions and their electrochemical behaviour towards α‐MoO3 electrode in aqueous solutions. It also highlights the importance of the appropriate selection of aqueous electrolytes for enhancing electrochemical performance.
Electronic Circular Dichroism‐Circularly Polarized Raman (eCP‐Raman): A New Form of Chiral Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Guojie , Alshalalfeh Mutasem , Kapitán Josef , Bouř Petr , Xu Yunjie
Published: January 2022

This Concept article summarizes recent work on the development of a new form of chiral Raman spectroscopy,eCP‐Raman, which combines two spectroscopies: electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and circularly polarized Raman (CP‐Raman). First, some puzzling observations while carrying out Raman optical activity (ROA) measurements of several transition metal complexes under resonance are described, as well as the search for the mechanisms responsible. Then an equation for quantifying theeCP‐Raman contribution is presented, followed by several examples of howeCP‐Raman influences theIR−ILspectra of achiral and chiral solvent molecules and of a number of chiral solutes under resonance. The conditions to extract resonance ROA, when theeCP‐Raman contribution is minimized, are also discussed. Finally, we comment on the potential applications ofeCP‐Raman.
A Tissue Perfusion Harvest Model for Optimal Multisystem Comparisons of Pathobiology
Authors: Kohut Lauryn , Ross Mark A. , Loughran Patricia A.
Published: January 2022

Gravity flow whole‐body perfusion maintains effective and reproducible preservation of tissue architecture critical to investigate pathobiology of multiple organs from the same specimen. The purpose of the protocols described within this article is to help the researcher optimize tissue harvest for multisystem pathobiology comparison. The protocols presented here describe tissue harvest for processing and cryopreservation to generate optimal samples for microscopy and parallel biochemical and molecular biology analysis. First, this paper outlines a protocol for tissue perfusion and organ harvest that allows the researcher multiple analysis options from the same research subject simultaneously. Second, this paper outlines a model to optimize ex‐vivo tissue fixation for precious human sample preparation. Finally, this paper outlines a methodology for freezing tissue samples to optimize their capacity for biochemical and immunohistochemical analysis. Benefits and alternative approaches to retain cellular morphology in tissue harvest and processing are discussed. Also described within each section are common technical issues to assist problem‐solving and troubleshooting. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Whole body in vivo tissue perfusion by gravity flow: preparation and surgical procedures

Alternate Protocol: Human ex vivo tissue fixation

Basic Protocol 2: Freezing of tissue samples
Novel K best sphere decoders with higher order modulation for internet of things
Authors: Mishra Priyanka , Thakur Prabhat , Singh G.
Published: January 2022

Future generation communication devices, particularly the Internet of Things (IoTs) demand for low bit error rate (BER) and higher spectral efficiencies. In this context, a low complexity detection algorithm plays a vital role in determining the performance of receivers. In this paper, we have evaluated the performance of low complexity sphere decoders using
best algorithm by modifying the conventional sphere decoders into new
and
sphere decoders. The proposed algorithm enables the sphere decoders to use smaller values of
for better performance. Numerical simulation is performed using MATLAB to support the validity of the proposed algorithm in terms of BER and spectral efficiency at higher order modulation techniques such as 1024 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM). Further, we have also analyzed the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm.
A novel camera trapping method for individually identifying pumas by facial features
Authors: Alexander Peter D. , Craighead Derek J.
Published: January 2022

Camera traps (CTs), used in conjunction with capture–mark–recapture analyses (CMR; photo‐CMR), are a valuable tool for estimating abundances of rare and elusive wildlife. However, a critical requirement of photo‐CMR is that individuals are identifiable in CT images (photo‐ID). Thus, photo‐CMR is generally limited to species with conspicuous pelage patterns (e.g., stripes or spots) using lateral‐view images from CTs stationed along travel paths. Pumas (Puma concolor) are an elusive species for which CTs are highly effective at collecting image data, but their suitability to photo‐ID is controversial due to their lack of pelage markings. For a wide range of taxa, facial features are useful for photo‐ID, but this method has generally been limited to images collected with traditional handheld cameras. Here, we evaluate the feasibility of using puma facial features for photo‐ID in a CT framework. We consider two issues: (1) the ability to capture puma facial images using CTs, and (2) whether facial images improve human ability to photo‐ID pumas. We tested a novel CT accessory that used light and sound to attract the attention of pumas, thereby collecting face images for use in photo‐ID. Face captures rates increased at CTs that included the accessory (n = 208, χ2 = 43.23, p ≤ .001). To evaluate if puma faces improve photo‐ID, we measured the inter‐rater agreement of 5 independent assessments of photo‐ID for 16 of our puma face capture events. Agreement was moderate to good (Fleiss’ kappa = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.48–0.60), and was 92.90% greater than a previously published kappa using conventional CT methods. This study is the first time that such a technique has been used for photo‐ID, and we believe a promising demonstration of how photo‐ID may be feasible for an elusive but unmarked species.
A niche for null models in adaptive resource management
Authors: Koons David N. , Riecke Thomas V. , Boomer G. Scott , Sedinger Benjamin S. , Sedinger James S. , Williams Perry J. , Arnold Todd W.
Published: January 2022

As global systems rapidly change, our collective ability to predict future ecological dynamics will become increasingly important for successful natural resource management. By merging stakeholder objectives with system uncertainty, and by adapting actions to changing systems and knowledge, adaptive resource management (ARM) provides a rigorous platform for making sound decisions in a changing world. Critically, however, applications of ARM could be improved by employing benchmarks (i.e., points of reference) for determining when learning is occurring through the cycle of monitoring, modeling, and decision‐making steps in ARM. Many applications of ARM use multiple model‐based hypotheses to identify and reduce systematic uncertainty over time, but generally lack benchmarks for gauging discovery of scientific evidence and learning. This creates the danger of thinking that directional changes in model weights or rankings are indicative of evidence for hypotheses, when possibly all competing models are inadequate. There is thus a somewhat obvious, but yet to be filled niche for including benchmarks for learning in ARM. We contend that carefully designed “ecological null models,” which are structured to produce an expected ecological pattern in the absence of a hypothesized mechanism, can serve as suitable benchmarks. Using a classic case study of mallard harvest management that is often used to demonstrate the successes of ARM for learning about ecological mechanisms, we show that simple ecological null models, such as population persistence (Nt+1 = Nt), provide more robust near‐term forecasts of population abundance than the currently used mechanistic models. More broadly, ecological null models can be used as benchmarks for learning in ARM that trigger the need for discarding model parameterizations and developing new ones when prevailing models underperform the ecological null model. Identifying mechanistic models that surpass these benchmarks will improve learning through ARM and help decision‐makers keep pace with a rapidly changing world.
Copula based analysis of impact of wireless channels correlation on the physical layer security performances in a wireless wiretap channel with artificial noise
Authors: Pakravan Saeid , Hodtani Ghosheh Abed
Published: January 2022

In this article, a wireless wiretap channel with artificial noise assisted transmission and active eavesdropper is considered, where, wireless channel coefficients are correlated. Aiming at analyzing wireless channels correlation effects on the physical layer security, we exploit copula theory and obtain closed form expressions for the probability of positive secrecy rate, average secrecy rate, and generalized secrecy outage probability. Then, the obtained analytical results are evaluated numerically under positive dependence, independence and negative dependence correlation structures and it is shown that in different scenarios, the effect of correlated fading on the security performance can be beneficial or harmful.
The emerging role of dark berry polyphenols in human health and nutrition
Authors: Higbee Jerome , Solverson Patrick , Zhu Meijun , Carbonero Franck
Published: January 2022

Dark berry fruits are one of the top 10 richest sources of dietary polyphenols and have been examined for their pharmacokinetic benefits in the human body related to absorption, digestion, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). With the expansion of the world wide web and rise of discretionary income in Europe and North America impacting the global food trade during the 21st century, several species of berries have become available for general consumption that may have previously been out of reach of the average consumer. Compared to their commercial counterparts, these berries contain many of the same polyphenols, and the possibility exists for the discovery of novel phenolic compounds that may affect the ADME process in a host‐beneficial way. Several species have demonstrated antioxidant, antiobesogenic, antimicrobial, and anti‐inflammatory properties through in vitro, animal studies, and human clinical trials. This review examines the available chemical compositions of several dark berries and their effect on the ADME process, their implication in host health effects, and the potential of these emerging species to suggest areas for future research.
HCC incidence after hepatitis C cure among patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lockart Ian , Yeo Malcolm G. H. , Hajarizadeh Behzad , Dore Gregory J. , Danta Mark
Published: January 2022

Background and Aims

HCV cure reduces but does not eliminate the risk of HCC. HCC surveillance is recommended in populations where the incidence exceeds 1.5% per year. In cirrhosis, HCC surveillance should continue after HCV cure, although it is uncertain if this should be indefinite. For patients with advanced fibrosis (F3), guidelines are inconsistent in their recommendations. We evaluated the incidence of HCC after HCV cure among patients with F3 fibrosis or cirrhosis.

Approach and Results

This systematic review and meta‐analysis identified 44 studies (107,548 person‐years of follow‐up) assessing the incidence of HCC after HCV cure among patients with F3 fibrosis or cirrhosis. The incidence of HCC was 2.1 per 100 person‐years (95% CI, 1.9–2.4) among patients with cirrhosis and 0.5 per 100 person‐years (95% CI, 0.3–0.7) among patients with F3 fibrosis. In a meta‐regression analysis among patients with cirrhosis, older age (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] per 10‐year increase in mean/median age, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.00–1.73) and prior decompensation (aRR per 10% increase in the proportion of patients with prior decompensation, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01–1.12) were associated with an increased incidence of HCC. Longer follow‐up after HCV cure was associated with a decreased incidence of HCC (aRR per year increase in mean/median follow‐up, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79–0.96).

Conclusions

Among patients with cirrhosis, the incidence of HCC decreases over time after HCV cure and is lowest in patients with younger age and compensated cirrhosis. The substantially lower incidence in F3 fibrosis is below the recommended threshold for cost‐effective screening. The results should encourage the development of validated predictive models that better identify at‐risk individuals, especially among patients with F3 fibrosis.
Early use of tocilizumab in solid organ transplant recipients with COVID‐19: A retrospective cohort study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Yamani Amani H. , Alraddadi Basem M. , Almaghrabi Reem S. , Amer Afnan A. , Mehdawi Fatimah S. , AL‐Hamzi Mohammed A , Aldajani Meshari S. , Alattas Majda S. , Elsaed Ramadan Aiman M. , Wali Ghassan Y , Alshukairi Abeer N. , Al Mutair Abbas
Published: January 2022

Background

Tocilizumab was studied to reduce cytokine syndrome in patients with severe COVID‐19 pneumonia in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with conflicting results. We aim to study the early use of tocilizumab in SOT with COVID‐19 pneumonia on low flow oxygen.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted in two transplant centers in Saudi Arabia among 46 SOT with COVID‐19 comparing 21 patients who received tocilizumab to 25 patients who received standard of care. Their clinical characteristics and outcomes were described.

Results

Compared to patients who received standard of care, patients in the tocilizumab group were older (60.2 ± 12.8 vs. 48.6 ± 12.3, p = .003), had higher ferritin (862.1 ± 919.1 vs. 414 ± 447.3, p = .025) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) (85 ± 83.1 vs. 42.9 ± 57.3, p = .012). More patients in the tocilizumab group required high flow oxygen (38.1% vs. 8.0%, p = .028) compared to patients on standard of care. There were no differences in mortality or mechanical ventilation requirement. Hospital stay was significantly shorter in the tocilizumab group than the standard of care group (9.6 ± 7.4 vs. 20.7 ± 11.7, p < .001).

Conclusions

Early use of tocilizumab in SOT was associated with a shorter hospital stay. There was no difference in mortality rate and the requirement for mechanical ventilation in both groups.
Study of the leading European construction companies using risk factor models
Authors: Escribano Ana , Jareño Francisco , Cano Jose Ángel
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to study the potential effects of changes in international risk factors on leading European construction companies' returns. The study is conducted on a sample period between January 2000 and December 2019 and applies an extension of the Fama and French five‐factor model (2015) using the quantile regression methodology. Specifically, this research extends the Fama and French (2015) factor model by adding risk factors such as nominal interest rates, momentum and momentum reversal factors (Carhart, 1997) and the traded liquidity factor (Pastor and Stambaugh, 2003). For robustness, this study splits the entire sample period into three sub‐periods: pre‐crisis, crisis, and post‐crisis. As expected, the highest R2 coefficients are observed in the extreme quantiles, that is, in the bullish and bearish market states, revealing a U‐shaped relationship in the explanatory power of this factor model.