bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of α,β‐Diamino Acid Derivatives via Mannich‐Type Reactions of a Chiral Ni(II) Complex of Glycine with N‐Tosyl Imines.
Authors: Song Guowei , Jin Meihong , Li Zhenjiang , Ouyang Pingkai
Published: February 2012

This general two‐step approach to α,β‐diamino acids (IV) is composed of an asymmetric Mannich‐type reaction between imines (II) and a Ni(II) complex of glycine as the chiral auxiliary, cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Removal of the Anomeric O‐Benzyl from Differentially Protected Carbohydrates.
Authors: Jalsa Nigel Kevin
Published: February 2012

A mild method for the regioselective removal of anomeric benzyl group by catalytic transfer hydrogenation with ammonium formate is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Synthesis of Cyclic Bis(3′‐5′)diadenylic Acid (c‐di‐AMP).
Authors: Suzuki Noritaka , Oyama Kin‐ichi , Tsukamoto Masaki
Published: February 2012

The title compound, which is commercially available in a 1 μmol unit, is synthesized on an 80 μmol scale from the commercially available phosphoramidite (I) via deprotection of the precursor (IV) by conventional procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis and Bioactivity of Long‐Chain anti‐2‐Amino‐3‐alkanols.
Authors: Chen Bi‐Shuang , Yang Long‐He , Ye Jian‐Liang , Huang Tao , Ruan Yuan‐Ping , Fu Jin , Huang Pei‐Qiang
Published: February 2012

Reetzs method for the asymmetric synthesis of β‐amino alcohols is improved by development of a one‐pot Swern oxidation/organometallic reagent addition procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of Riccardin C, Macrocyclic Bisbibenzyl Natural Product.
Authors: Takiguchi Hiromu , Ohmori Ken , Suzuki Keisuke
Published: February 2012

The key step for the title synthesis is the intramolecular SNAr reaction of the compound (II), which is the product of a diimide reduction keeping the sulfinyl group intact.
ChemInform Abstract: An Organoselenium‐Based Highly Sensitive and Selective Fluorescent “Turn‐On” Probe for the Hg2+ Ion.
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Singh Jai Deo
Published: February 2012

N(CH2CH2SePh)3 (I) is a practical and economical Hg2+ fluorescent “turn‐on” probe, which does not require any external fluorophore.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Antileukemic Agents Derived from Tamibarotene and Nitric Oxide Donors.
Authors: Bian Haiyong , Feng Jinhong , Li Minyong , Xu Wenfang
Published: February 2012

The compounds (I) and (II) are screened in vitro for their antiproliferative effects against human leukemic HL‐60, NB4 and K562 cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances on Sn‐Cu Solders with Alloying Elements: Review
Authors: Zeng Guang , Xue Songbai , Zhang Liang , Gao Lili
Published: February 2012

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metamagnetic Shape Memory Effect and Magnetic Properties of Ni‐Mn Based Heusler Alloys
Authors: Kainuma R. , Ito W. , Umetsu R. Y. , Khovaylo V. V. , Kanomata T.
Published: February 2012

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Uranium‐Mediated Carbon Dioxide Activation and Functionalization
Authors: Lam Oanh P. , Meyer Karsten
Published: February 2012

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of Three‐Center/Four‐Electron Bonds in Superelectrophilic Dirhodium Carbene and Nitrene Catalytic Intermediates
Authors: Berry John F.
Published: February 2012

Review: 149 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Methods for Fluorinated Olefins.
Authors: Yanai Hikaru , Taguchi Takeo
Published: February 2012

Review: construction, transformation, and cleavage of C—F bonds, fluorinated olefins as peptidomimetics; ca. 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Cyclization Reactions of Aminoallenes
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro
Published: February 2012

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalytic Reactions by Bifunctional Amine‐Thioureas.
Authors: Siau Woon‐Yew , Wang Jian
Published: February 2012

Review: more than 350 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Developments Towards Regioselective Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted Benzimidazoles
Authors: Carvalho Luisa C. R. , Fernandes Eduarda , Marques M. Manuel B.
Published: February 2012

Review: [68 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquids as Tools for the Acid‐Catalyzed Hydrolysis/Dehydration of Saccharides to Furanic Aldehydes
Authors: Lima Sergio , Antunes Margarida M. , Pillinger Martyn , Valente Anabela A.
Published: February 2012

Review: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Catalysis with Structurally Tunable Immobilized Catalysts
Authors: Fan Qing‐Hua , Ding Kuiling
Published: February 2012

Review: 124 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Catalytic Reactions via Copper—Acetylide Complexes as Key Intermediates
Authors: Hattori Gaku , Miyake Yoshihiro , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: February 2012

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Tetroxide Oxidation of N—Acyl Amines and Related Compounds
Authors: Kaname Mamoru , Yoshifuji Shigeyuki , Sashida Haruki
Published: February 2012

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Integrated Reactions Using Addition to Conjugated Imines and Iminium Salts
Authors: Hata Shingo , Shimizu Makoto
Published: February 2012

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction and Functionalization of Dendrimers with Conjugated Backbones
Authors: Kozaki Masatoshi , Okada Keiji
Published: February 2012

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Asymmetric Coupling of Enolates
Authors: Zhou Jianrong
Published: February 2012

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organosilicon and Organogermanium Peroxides: Synthesis and Reactions
Authors: Terent'ev A. O. , Platonov M. M. , Levitsky D. O. , Dembitsky V. M.
Published: February 2012

Review: 220 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of DNA Nanostructures with Proteins
Authors: Sacca Barbara , Niemeyer Christof M.
Published: February 2012

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Uronic Acids in Oligosaccharide and Glycoconjugate Synthesis
Authors: Codee Jeroen D. C. , Christina Alphert E. , Walvoort Marthe T. C. , Overkleeft Herman S. , van der Marel Gijsbert A.
Published: February 2012

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Design and Synthesis of Prednisolone and Methylprednisolone Conjugates
Authors: Bilkova Eliska , Imramovsky Ales , Sedlak Milos
Published: February 2012

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Preferences of Bowl‐Shaped Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Filatov Alexander S. , Petrukhina Marina A.
Published: February 2012

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Unconstrained Magnetism in Nanostructures at Zero Temperature. An Ultimate Goal
Authors: Demangeat Claude , Parlebas Jean Claude
Published: February 2012

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Diffusion in Porous Electrodes of SOFCs
Authors: Kookos Ioannis K.
Published: February 2012

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Triplet—Triplet Annihilation Based Upconversion: From Triplet Sensitizers and Triplet Acceptors to Upconversion Quantum Yields.
Authors: Zhao Jianzhang , Ji Shaomin , Guo Huimin
Published: February 2012

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrophobic and Ionic Interactions in Bulk and Confined Water with Implications for Collapse and Folding of Proteins
Authors: Vaitheeswaran S. , Chen Jie , Thirumalai D.
Published: February 2012

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural, Electronic, Magnetic, and Transport Properties of Carbon‐fullerene‐based Polymers
Authors: Andriotis A. N. , Sheetz R. M. , Richter E. , Menon M.
Published: February 2012

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Interfacial Reactivity at Liquid Crystal Interfaces
Authors: Amar‐Yuli Idit , Aserin Abraham , Garti Nissim
Published: February 2012

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Alcohol Dehydrogenase‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Production of Hydrophobic Alcohols.
Authors: Musa Musa M. , Phillips Robert S.
Published: February 2012

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Genetic Polymorphisms of SLCO1B1 for Drug Pharmacokinetics and Its Clinical Implications
Authors: Takane Hiroshi
Published: February 2012

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Addressing Sources of PCBs and Other Chemical Pollutants in Water
Authors: Welfinger‐Smith Gretchen , Carpenter David O.
Published: February 2012

Review: 215 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Locked vs. Unlocked Nucleic Acids (LNA vs. UNA): Contrasting Structures Work Towards Common Therapeutic Goals
Authors: Campbell Meghan A. , Wengel Jesper
Published: February 2012

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Oligodeoxynucleotide Probes for the Site‐Specific Modification of RNA
Authors: Sasaki Shigeki , Onizuka Kazumitsu , Taniguchi Yosuke
Published: February 2012

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Small‐Molecule Discovery from DNA‐Encoded Chemical Libraries
Authors: Kleiner Ralph E. , Dumelin Christoph E. , Liu David R.
Published: February 2012

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Engineering DNA‐Based Functional Materials
Authors: Roh Young Hoon , Ruiz Roanna C. H. , Peng Songming , Lee Jong Bum , Luo Dan
Published: February 2012

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleobase Modification as Redox DNA Labeling for Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Hocek Michal , Fojta Miroslav
Published: February 2012

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Application of DNA and RNA G‐Quadruplexes to Therapeutic Medicines
Authors: Collie Gavin W. , Parkinson Gary N.
Published: February 2012

Review: 255 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review of the Recent Chemical Looping Process Developments for Novel Energy and Fuel Applications
Authors: Moghtaderi Behdad
Published: February 2012

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Comparative Study of Reaction Models Applied for Chemical Looping Combustion
Authors: Kruggel‐Emden H. , Stepanek F. , Munjiza A.
Published: February 2012

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Compounds and Toxicological Assessments of Drinking Water Stored in Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles: A Source of Controversy Reviewed
Authors: Bach Cristina , Dauchy Xavier , Chagnon Marie‐Christine , Etienne Serge
Published: February 2012

Review: 101 refs.
Study on CO2 Absorption Kinetics by Aqueous Solutions of N,N‐Diethylethanolamine and N‐Ethylethanolamine
Authors: Vaidya Prakash D. , Kenig Eugeny Y.
Published: February 2012

N‐Ethylethanolamin (EEA) und N,N‐Diethylethanolamin (DEEA) sind vielversprechende Alkanolamine für die CO2‐Entfernung aus Prozessgasen, die aus erneuerbaren Quellen gewonnen werden können. In dieser Arbeit wurden die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitskonstante der Reaktion zwischen CO2 und EEA sowie der flüssigseitige Stofftransportkoeffizient basierend auf den Absorptionsratenmessungen in einer Mischung aus DEEA/EEA/H2O bestimmt. Für die Absorptionsuntersuchungen wurde ein Doppelrührzellenreaktor verwendet. Zur Beschreibung der Reaktionskinetik wurden ein Zwitterion‐Mechanismus für EEA und ein basisch katalysierter Hydrierungsmechanismus für DEEA gewählt.
Cocaine‐Using Patients With a Normal or Nondiagnostic Electrocardiogram: Single‐Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging and Outcome
Authors: Hendel Robert C. , Ruthazer Robin , Chaparro Sandra , Martinez Claudia , Selker Harry P. , Beshansky Joni R. , Udelson James E.
Published: February 2012

Background:

Few trials have examined the outcomes of patients who use cocaine with chest pain and who have a normal or nondiagnostic electrocardiogram (ECG) and the use of single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).

Hypothesis:

We sought to compare the characteristics and overall outcomes in cocaine users vs non‐cocaine users presenting to the emergency department with a normal/nondiagnostic ECG and to assess the value of rest MPI in both of these populations.

Methods:

Patients with symptoms compatible with myocardial ischemia, suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and a normal/nondiagnostic ECG were enrolled in the Emergency Room Assessment of Sestamibi for Evaluation of Chest Pain (ERASE Chest Pain) trial, a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the impact of rest MPI on triage decisions. Cocaine users (n = 294) were compared to non‐cocaine users (n = 2180). Cocaine users were younger than non‐cocaine users, and 72% were male.

Results:

Among the cocaine users, 2.4% had a myocardial infarction, 1.4% required percutaneous coronary intervention, and none of the patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Among cocaine users with a final diagnosis of not ACS, randomization of patients to rest SPECT MPI resulted in an appropriate reduction in hospital admissions in both the cocaine users (P = 0.011) and the non‐cocaine users (P < 0.001), suggesting improved triage when MPI was used.

Conclusions:

Cocaine users with a normal/nondiagnostic ECG are at low risk of cardiac events. Even though cocaine users are at low risk of cardiac events, SPECT MPI remains effective in the risk stratification and improves triage management decisions resulting in lower admission rates and more discharges to home. Clin. Cardiol. 2011 DOI: 10.1002/clc.21977

This work was supported by grant number RO1‐HS09110 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and in part by the General Clinical Research Centers at Tufts Medical Center (MO1‐RR00054), Northwestern Memorial Hospital (MO1‐RR00048), and Boston Medical Center (MO1‐RR00533), funded by the NIH National Center for Research Resources. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Amyloidomas of soft parts: Diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Elkins Camille T. , Scharschmidt Thomas J. , Wakely Paul E.
Published: February 2012

A tumoral mass of amyloid (amyloidoma) arising in the soft tissues of the distal extremities is exceedingly unusual, and applying the fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy technique to specifically diagnose this condition is even more infrequent. Herein, we report an example of two separate amyloidomas arising in the right calf of an otherwise asymptomatic elderly man who was referred to the sarcoma clinic because these masses clinically and radiographically simulated a malignant neoplasm. The fine‐needle aspirate yielded amorphous, acellular, dense blue material on Romanowsky‐stained smears and smudgy acellular cyanophilic material on Papanicolaou‐stained smears. The aspirate procured cell‐block contained hyalinized eosinophilic acellular material on H&E stain that was Congo‐red positive and displayed yellow‐green birefringence with polarization. Unlike prior assertions to the contrary, a diagnosis of amyloidoma is possible using FNA cytopathology even in patients without a known underlying amyloidogenic disorder. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The diagnostic efficacy of combining bronchoscopic tissue biopsy and endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration for the diagnosis of malignant lesions in the lung
Authors: Schwartz Lauren Ende , Aisner Dara L. , Baloch Zubair w. , Sterman Daniel , Vachani Anil , Gillespie Colin , Haas Andrew , Litzky Leslie A.
Published: February 2012

Bronchoscopic tissue forceps biopsy (BBX) is a standard procedure for diagnosis of malignancy in the lung. Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) has proven to be a sensitive alternative to tissue biopsy for the diagnosis and staging of lung tumors. We report our institutional experience with diagnostic yield when combining BBX and EBUS‐TBNA in the bronchoscopic evaluation of patients presenting with lung lesion(s). The pathology files at our institution were searched for all patients who underwent combined BBX and EBUS‐TBNA procedures between 1/09 and 6/10 for the diagnosis of malignancy. The data points included biopsy site, cytologic, and histopathologic diagnoses and follow‐up. We identified 115 patients who underwent BBX combined with EBUS‐TBNA. About 107 (93%) of the patients received a definitive pathologic diagnosis; 93 (81%) were malignant. BBX and EBUS‐TBNA of the lung lesion only were performed in 21 patients, BBX and EBUS‐TBNA of lymph node(s) only in 78 patients with BBX and a combination of EBUS‐TBNA of the lung lesion and lymph node(s) in 16 patients. Immunostains were performed for 71 (76%) patients and molecular testing for 11 (12%) patients. Diagnostic yield is increased when bronchoscopic technologies are combined. In a significant number of patients where BBX was negative, EBUS‐TBNA provided diagnostic material, increasing diagnostic yield by 18%. In a subset of these patients the EBUS‐TBNA assisted in the staging of a primary tumor. By combining these procedures, more tissue was obtained for immunohistochemistry and molecular testing, which facilitated personalized management in a minimally invasive manner. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:929–935. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gender differences in behavioral changes elicited by prenatal methamphetamine exposure and application of the same drug in adulthood
Authors: Schutová Barbora , Hrubá Lenka , Rokyta Richard , Šlamberová Romana
Published: February 2012

The aim of the present study was to compare the response to sub‐chronic application of methamphetamine (MA) in adulthood in male and female rats prenatally exposed to the same drug. The spontaneous locomotor activity and exploratory behavior of adult male and female rats prenatally exposed to 5 mg/kg MA or saline (SAL) were tested in a Laboras apparatus (Metris B.V., Netherlands) for five consecutive days, 1 hr daily. MA 1 mg/kg or SAL were used as a challenge prior to testing. Our results showed that rats prenatally exposed to MA were more sensitive to sub‐chronic administration of MA in adulthood than prenatally SAL‐exposed rats. However, this sensitizing effect of prenatal MA exposure was manifested differently in males and females. In contrast, prenatal MA exposure decreased baseline locomotion in females. This study indicates that gender plays an important role in the sensitivity to MA during prenatal development and in adulthood. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 232–242, 2013
Proteome of Aedes aegypti in response to infection and coinfection with microsporidian parasites
Authors: Duncan Alison B. , Agnew Philip , Noel Valérie , Demettre Edith , Seveno Martial , Brizard Jean‐Paul , Michalakis Yannis
Published: February 2012

Hosts are frequently infected with more than one parasite or pathogen at any one time, but little is known as to how they respond to multiple immune challenges compared to those involving single infections. We investigated the proteome of Aedes aegypti larvae following infection with either Edhazardia aedis or Vavraia culicis, and coinfections involving both. They are both obligate intracellular parasites belonging to the phylum microsporidia and infect natural populations of Ae. aegypti. The results found some proteins only showing modified abundance in response to infections involving E. aedis, while others were only differentially abundant when infections involved V. culicis. Some proteins only responded with modified abundance to the coinfection condition, while others were differentially abundant in response to all three types of infection. As time since infection increased, the response to each of the single parasite infections diverged, while the response to the E. aedis and coinfection treatments converged. Some of the proteins differentially abundant in response to infection were identified. They included two vacuolar ATPases, proteins known to have a role in determining the infection success of intracellular parasites. This result suggests microsporidia could influence the infection success of other intracellular pathogens infecting vector species of mosquito, including viruses, Plasmodium and Wolbachia.
Functionalized Cyclodextrins as First and Second Coordination Sphere Ligands for Aqueous Organometallic Catalysis
Authors: Hapiot Frédéric , Bricout Hervé , Tilloy Sébastien , Monflier Eric
Published: February 2012

Supramolecular catalysis now forms a viable and challenging interdisciplinary topic that drives chemists to design new ligands and their metal complexes. Functionalized cyclodextrins (CDs) have attracted particular attention in this respect because of their molecular recognition and metal coordination ability. They can act both as first‐coordination‐sphere ligands through coordination of a phosphanyl or amino group onto the metal and as second‐coordination‐sphere ligands because of the inclusion of a guest molecule (substrate or ligand) inside their cavity. These combined features make functionalized CDs very special objects. The present review seeks to address the scope of these supramolecular entities as ligands for the elaboration of novel organometallic complexes for aqueous catalysis.
Transition‐Metal‐Mediated Cleavage and Activation of C–C Single Bonds
Authors: Ruhland Klaus
Published: February 2012

The activation and cleavage of C–C single bonds mediated by transition metal complexes is one of the most challenging reactions, both practically and in terms of understanding, in the field of metal organic chemistry. In this review the fundamental reactions – oxidative addition, β‐carbon elimination, retro‐allylation, and radical cleavage – so far successfully applied for this transformation are discussed in terms of their mechanisms, their intrinsic problems, and their published examples, which are still fairly rare. Decarbonylation, as another fundamental reaction, is only touched briefly. This group of reactions is today poised to set aside its shadow existence as an exotic reaction class. Meanwhile the number of catalytic and even enantioselective processes involvingC–C single bond cleavage is slowly increasing, although the substrates used in these reactions are still limited to quite special connection patterns. The basic challenges for the future and the paradigms concerning this reaction are presented.
Enhancement of Enzymatic IDE Biosensor Response Using Gold Nanoparticles. Example of the Detection of Urea
Authors: Nouira W. , Maaref A. , Vocanson F. , Siadat M. , Saulnier J. , Lagarde F. , Jaffrezic‐Renault N.
Published: February 2012

A new conductometric biosensor based on interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) has been developed for the detection of enzymatic substrates using gold nanoparticles (GNPs), synthesized bellowing the citrate process, with an average diameter of 23 nm and functionalized with urease using layer‐by‐layer technique. A detection limit of 100 µM of urea is obtained when cross‐linked urease is directly immobilized on top of the IDEs (interdigitated distance: 20 µm) whereas a detection limit of 2 µM is obtained when urease functionalized gold nanoparticles are deposited on the top of the IDEs. The use of gold nanoparticles allows the increase of the sensitivity of detection (from 10 µS/mM to 107 µS/mM) due to the decrease of the thickness of probed zone.
Permeability of Human Tooth Surfaces Studied In Vitro by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Pita Marcos , Halámek Jan , Chinnapareddy Soujanya , White Donald J. , Gartstein Vladimir , Katz Evgeny
Published: February 2012

Electrochemical Faradaic impedance spectroscopy was applied to evaluate dependence of the electrical resistance on human teeth. The experiments were performed using iodide anions as a redox probe to model permeability of teeth for fluoride upon an iontophoresis process. Tooth molars were used – as these are teeth most affected by tooth decay processes in vivo. Teeth compared included sound molars – with no evidence of pit and fissure decay, teeth with pits and fissures regarded ‘clinically’ as showing signs of decay, and teeth with crowns removed to present exposed dentin surfaces. A difference of more than an order of magnitude in electrical resistance was observed between sound molars and those regarded as showing evidence of tooth decay processes. Sound dentin, as expected from structural considerations demonstrated significantly lower resistance when compared to sound molars. Importantly, the difference in tooth resistance measured between carious and sound molars was shown to be much more representative of their structural integrity than comparison of digitally processed images of the teeth. The results support the utility of electrochemical Faradaic impedance spectroscopy for the development of understanding on how tooth electrical resistance may vary according to structural changes. This understanding may be useful to continued refinements in the use of electrical resistance measures as caries diagnostics and support generically the potential for iontophoretic processes in in‐office fluoride treatments of teeth.
Dietary- and tissue-based exposure of belted kingfisher to PCDFs and PCDDs in the Tittabawassee River floodplain, Midland, MI, USA
Authors: Seston Rita M. , Giesy John P. , Fredricks Timothy B. , Tazelaar Dustin L. , Coefield Sarah J. , Bradley Patrick W. , Roark Shaun A. , Newsted John L. , Kay Denise P. , Zwiernik Matthew J.
Published: February 2012

Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and other dioxin-like compounds in soils and sediments of the Tittabawassee River and associated floodplains downstream of Midland, Michigan, USA, are greater than upstream sites. As a result of these concentrations, which are some of the greatest ever reported, a site-specific exposure assessment of belted kingfisher breeding in the assessment area was conducted. To reduce the uncertainty associated with predicting exposure from abiotic matrices, concentrations of residues were quantified in site-specific prey items and in eggs and nestlings of belted kingfisher. Dietary exposure, expressed as the potential average daily dose, based on site-specific concentrations of PCDFs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQWHO-Avian) in prey items was consistently greater along the Tittabawassee River than in associated reference areas and further downstream sites in the Saginaw River. Concentrations of PCDD/DFs in eggs and nestlings of belted kingfisher varied among sampling areas, being greater in both eggs and nestlings nesting along the Tittabawassee River compared to those of belted kingfisher from upstream reference areas. Geometric mean concentrations of PCDD/DFs were 130 and 200 ng/kg wet weight in eggs and nestlings of belted kingfisher, respectively. These concentrations are the equivalent of 84 and 95 ng TEQWHO-Avian/kg. Site-specific biomagnification factors for select PCDD/DF congeners ranged from <1.0 to 1.8 in belted kingfisher. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1158–1168. © 2012 SETAC
Review of toxicological effects caused by episodic stressor exposure
Authors: Gordon Andrew K. , Mantel Sukhmani K. , Muller Nikite W.J.
Published: February 2012

Water quality monitoring tools that rely on data from stress-response tests with continuous exposure at constant concentrations are not always appropriately protective when stressor exposure in the field is episodic in nature. The present study identifies various approaches that have attempted to account for episodic stressor exposure, describes the development of a toxicological effects database of episodic stressor exposure collated from published scientific literature, and discusses whether any discernible trends are evident when these data are reviewed. The episodic stressor exposure literature indicated that few generalizations can be made regarding associated biological responses. Instead, when attempting to characterize the hazard of a certain episodic pollution event, the following situation-specific information is required: the specific species affected and its age, the specific stressor and its concentration, the number of exposures to the stressor, the duration of exposure to the stressor, and the recovery time after each exposure. The present study identifies four main challenges to the inclusion of episodic toxicity data in environmental water quality management: varying stressor concentration profiles, defining episodic stressor concentration levels, variation resulting from routes of exposure and modes of action, and species-specific responses to episodic stressor exposure. The database, available at http://iwr.ru.ac.za/iwr/download, could be particularly useful for site-specific risk assessments related to episodic exposures. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1169–1174. © 2012 SETAC
Natural colloids are the dominant factor in the sedimentation of nanoparticles
Authors: Quik Joris T.K. , Stuart Martien Cohen , Wouterse Marja , Peijnenburg Willie , Hendriks A. Jan , van de Meent Dik
Published: February 2012

Estimating the environmental exposure to manufactured nanomaterials is part of risk assessment. Because nanoparticles aggregate with each other (homoaggregation) and with other particles (heteroaggregation), the main route of the removal of most nanoparticles from water is aggregation, followed by sedimentation. The authors used water samples from two rivers in Europe, the Rhine and the Meuse. To distinguish between small (mainly natural organic matter [NOM]) particles and the remainder of the natural colloids present, both filtered and unfiltered river water was used to prepare the particle suspensions. The results show that the removal of nanoparticles from natural river water follows first-order kinetics toward a residual concentration. This was measured in river water with less than 1 mg L−1 CeO2 nanoparticles. The authors inferred that the heteroaggregation with or deposition onto the solid fraction of natural colloids was the main mechanism causing sedimentation in relation to homoaggregation. In contrast, the NOM fraction in filtered river water stabilized the residual nanoparticles against further sedimentation for up to 12 d. In 10 mg L−1 and 100 mg L−1 CeO2 nanoparticle suspensions, homoaggregation is likely the main mechanism leading to sedimentation. The proposed model could form the basis for improved exposure assessment for nanomaterials. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1019–1022. © 2012 SETAC
Prognostic role of methylated free circulating DNA in colorectal cancer
Authors: Philipp Alexander B. , Stieber Petra , Nagel Dorothea , Neumann Jens , Spelsberg Fritz , Jung Andreas , Lamerz Rolf , Herbst Andreas , Kolligs Frank T.
Published: February 2012

DNA hypermethylation is frequently found in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methylation of helicase‐like transcription factor (HLTF) and hyperplastic polyposis 1 (HPP1) are potential and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an established prognostic factor in serum of patients with CRC. The aim of this study was to perform a direct comparison of the prognostic roles of these markers. Methylation status of HLTF and HPP1 was examined in pretherapeutic sera of 311 patients with CRC and matched primary tissues of 54 stage IV patients using methylation‐specific quantitative PCR. CEA was determined using an immunoenzymometric assay. Methylation of HLTF and HPP1 DNA in serum significantly correlated with tumor size, stage, grade and metastatic disease. HPP1 methylation correlated with nodal status. Overall survival was shortened in case of methylation of HLTF or HPP1 or elevated levels of CEA (p < 0.0001 for all). In stage IV, patients survival was impaired if HLTF (p = 0.0005) or HPP1 (p = 0.0003) were methylated or CEA was above the median of 27 ng/ml (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that methylation of HLTF [hazard ratio (HR) 1.8, p = 0.0438], HPP1 (HR 1.6, p = 0.0495) and CEA >27 ng/ml (HR 1.7, p = 0.0317) were independent prognostic factors in stage IV. The combination of any two or all three of these factors outperformed each marker on its own. In conclusion, the presence of methylated DNA of the genes HLTF or HPP1 in serum are independent prognostic factors in metastasized CRC. Prospective validation is required to determine their usefulness in clinical routine along with the established marker CEA.
Tumor‐promoting macrophages induce the expression of the macrophage‐specific receptor CD163 in malignant cells
Authors: Maniecki Maciej Bogdan , Etzerodt Anders , Ulhøi Benedicte Parm , Steiniche Torben , Borre Michael , Dyrskjøt Lars , Ørntoft Torben Falck , Moestrup Søren Kragh , Møller Holger Jon
Published: February 2012

Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) represent a distinct malignancy‐promoting phenotype suggested to play a key role in tumor formation and metastasis. We aimed to investigate the expression of the monocyte/macrophage‐restricted receptor CD163 in bladder tumor biopsies and assess the potential mechanism inducing the CD163 expression in tumor cells. A high CD163 mRNA expression (n = 87) was significantly associated with a poor 13‐year overall survival (log‐rank test, χ2 = 8.931; p = 0.0028). Moreover, CD163 mRNA expression was significantly increased in muscle invasive (T2–T4), p = 0.017, and aggressive (grade III/IV) cancers (p = 0.015). The expression strongly correlated with local expression of IL‐6 (r = 0.72; p <0.0001) and IL‐10 (r = 0.75; p <0.0001), mediators known to induce CD163 expression in vitro. CD163 immunostaining (n = 46) confirmed the association between dense TAM infiltration and histologically advanced disease. In 39% of the biopsies, CD163 immunoreactivity was also observed in tumor cells, and CD163‐expressing metastatic cells were identified in lymph node biopsies (n = 8). Bladder cancer cell lines did not express CD163; however, when cocultured with macrophages the bladder cancer cell expression of CD163 was significantly induced in an IL‐6/IL‐10 independent manner. In conclusion, we show a strong association between CD163 mRNA expression in bladder cancer biopsies and poor patient outcome. CD163 expression was not confined to the infiltrating TAMs, but was also expressed by a significant portion of the malignant cells in both tumors and lymph nodes. CD163 expressing tumor cells may constitute a subpopulation of tumor cells with a phenotypic shift associated with epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased metastatic activity induced by TAMs.
USING NEURAL NETS TO COMBINE INFORMATION SETS IN CORPORATE BANKRUPTCY PREDICTION
Authors: Peat Maurice , Jones Stewart
Published: February 2012

We demonstrate that the use of a neural network (NN) model to combine information from corporate financial statements and equity markets provides improved predictive estimates of the probability of corporate bankruptcy. Using performance measures, based on the receiver operating characteristic curve, the forecast combinations from the NN models are demonstrated to outperform the forecasts derived from a forecast combination generated using a logistic regression approach. This result provides support for the use of forecast combinations generated from NN models in the estimation of corporate bankruptcy probabilities as it outperforms the standard approach of forming a hybrid forecasting model which includes all the explanatory variables. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PolyIC GE11 polyplex inhibits EGFR‐overexpressing tumors
Authors: Abourbeh Galith , Shir Alexei , Mishani Eyal , Ogris Manfred , Rödl Wolfgang , Wagner Ernst , Levitzki Alexander
Published: February 2012

Phage display has identified the dodecapeptide YHWYGYTPQNVI (GE11) as a ligand that binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) but does not activate the receptor. Here, we compare the EGFR binding affinities of GE11, EGF, and their polyethyleneimine‐polyethyleneglycol (PEI‐PEG) conjugates. We found that although GE11 by itself does not exhibit measurable affinity to the EGFR, tethering it to PEI‐PEG increases its affinity markedly, and complex formation with polyinosine/cytosine (polyIC) further enhances the affinity to the submicromolar range. PolyIC/PPGE11 has a similar strong antitumor effect against EGFR overexpressing tumors in vitro and in vivo, as polyIC/polyethyleneimine‐polyetheleneglycol‐EGF (polyIC/PP‐EGF). Absence of EGFR activation, as previously shown by us and easier production of GE11 and GE11 conjugates, confer polyIC/PPGE11 a significant advantage over similar EGF‐based polyplexes as a potential therapy of EGFR overexpressing tumors. © 2012 IUBMB Life, 64(4): 324–330, 2012
Type III polyketide synthases in natural product biosynthesis
Authors: Yu Dayu , Xu Fuchao , Zeng Jia , Zhan Jixun
Published: February 2012

Polyketides represent an important class of biologically active and structurally diverse compounds in nature. They are synthesized from acyl‐coenzyme A substrates by polyketide synthases (PKSs). PKSs are classified into three groups: types I, II, and III. This article introduces recent studies on type III PKSs identified from plants, bacteria, and fungi, and describes the catalytic functions of these enzymes in detail. Plant type III PKSs have been widely studied, as exemplified by chalcone synthase, which plays an important role in the synthesis of plant metabolites. Bacterial type III PKSs fall into five groups, many of which were identified from Streptomyces, a genus that has been well known for its production of bioactive molecules and genetic alterability. Although it was believed that type III PKSs exist exclusively in plants and bacteria, recent fungal genome sequencing projects and biochemical studies revealed the presence of type III PKSs in filamentous fungi, which provides a new chance to study fungal secondary metabolism and synthesize “unnatural” natural products. Type III PKSs have been used for the biosynthesis of novel molecules through precursor‐directed and structure‐based mutagenesis approaches. © 2012 IUBMB Life, 64(4): 285–295, 2012
Evaluation of the performance of Trima Accel® v5.2 for the collection of concentrated high‐dose platelet products and concurrent plasma from high platelet count donors, in germany
Authors: Daskalakis M. , Schulz‐Huotari C. , Burger M. , Klink I. , Umhau M.
Published: February 2012

Background and objectives: This study was undertaken to test the ability of Trima Accel® version 5.2 to simultaneously collect concentrated high‐dose leukoreduced platelet products and double doses of plasma. Materials and methods: Random volunteers (18–65 years of age) with preprocedure platelet counts above 270 × 103/μl were recruited among the blood center's apheresis donors. All complied with the center's donor selection criteria. Results: One hundred fourteen (114) collections were performed. Depending on which definition of single platelet dose is used (2.0 × 1011 as prevalent standard in most European countries, and 3.0 × 1011 as prevalent standard in the United States and Canada) in 107/114 (single dose = 2.0 × 1011) and 39/114 (single dose = 3.0 × 1011) instances, a triple platelet product was obtained. In 87 cases (76%), a double plasmaproduct (>430 ml) was collected, and in seven cases (6%), a single plasma product (>220 ml) was collected. In 20 procedures, only platelets without concurrent plasma were collected (18%). Overall procedure time was 87 ± 13 min and average platelet yield per procedure was 8.5 ± 1.4 × 1011 (final storage concentration, 1,279 ± 153 × 103/μl). The median residual leukocyte content per transfusion dose was 0.13 × 106 (0.02–0.98 × 106) for a single dose of 2.0 × 1011 and 0.14 × 106 (0.02–0.98 × 106) for a single dose of 3.0 × 1011. Conclusions: Trima Accel® version 5.2 allows for collection of concentrated high yield platelet products. It offers high productivity and reliably achieves the configured yield targets. Leukoreduction performance complied with both US and EU legal requirements. Collection as hyperconcentrates furthermore allowed for concurrent collection of double dose plasma in the majority of the procedures. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Criteria and scheduling of quality control of b‐mode and doppler ultrasonography equipment
Authors: Balbis Sonia , Meloni Teodoro , Tofani Santi , Zenone Flora , Nucera Daniele , Guiot Caterina
Published: February 2012

Periodic quality control (QC) for ultrasound scanners checks their overall performance, reducing the risk of inaccurate diagnoses. Data from routine annual QC activity were analyzed to optimize the scheduling and the criteria of further QC programs. Among all the ultrasound scanners (68 transducers) in use at the Regional Medical Department of the Aosta Valley, which are currently tested, 48.6% showed problems, mainly (35.3%) related to defects detectable by physical and mechanical inspection. Nearly two‐thirds of these problems impacted QC parameters. Failures were significantly related to the workload and to the “technological level” of the equipment. QC scheduling should therefore include a daily/weekly physical inspection in addition to a more complete, objective and software algorithms‐based test, the frequency of which should be tailored on the basis of the equipment characteristics. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012
Improved sample preparation of glyphosate and methylphosphonic acid by EPA method 6800A and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry using novel solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Wagner Rebecca , Wetzel Stephanie J. , Kern John , Kingston H. M. Skip
Published: February 2012

The employment of chemical weapons by rogue states and/or terrorist organizations is an ongoing concern in the United States. The quantitative analysis of nerve agents must be rapid and reliable for use in the private and public sectors. Current methods describe a tedious and time‐consuming derivatization for gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry. Two solid‐phase extraction (SPE) techniques for the analysis of glyphosate and methylphosphonic acid are described with the utilization of isotopically enriched analytes for quantitation via atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (APCI‐Q‐TOF‐MS) that does not require derivatization. Solid‐phase extraction‐isotope dilution mass spectrometry (SPE‐IDMS) involves pre‐equilibration of a naturally occurring sample with an isotopically enriched standard. The second extraction method, i‐Spike, involves loading an isotopically enriched standard onto the SPE column before the naturally occurring sample. The sample and the spike are then co‐eluted from the column enabling precise and accurate quantitation via IDMS. The SPE methods in conjunction with IDMS eliminate concerns of incomplete elution, matrix and sorbent effects, and MS drift. For accurate quantitation with IDMS, the isotopic contribution of all atoms in the target molecule must be statistically taken into account. This paper describes two newly developed sample preparation techniques for the analysis of nerve agent surrogates in drinking water as well as statistical probability analysis for proper molecular IDMS. The methods described in this paper demonstrate accurate molecular IDMS using APCI‐Q‐TOF‐MS with limits of quantitation as low as 0.400 mg/kg for glyphosate and 0.031 mg/kg for methylphosphonic acid. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular imaging of drug‐eluting coronary stents: method development, optimization and selected applications
Authors: Huang Jiun‐Tang , Hannah‐Qiuhua Li , Szyszka Renata , Veselov Vladimir , Reed Gail , Wang Xiande , Price Sylvester , Alquier Lori , Vas Gyorgy
Published: February 2012

A molecular imaging application was developed to characterize the drug distribution on CYPHER® and NEVO™ Drug‐eluting Stents using MALDI Qq‐ToF analytical methodology. The coating matrix, laser energy, laser frequency, spatial resolution (related to rastering speed) and mass spectrometer parameters were optimized to analyze drug distribution in both durable and biodegradable polymer matrices. The developed method was extended to generate data from stents explanted from porcine coronary arteries.

Due to the method's intrinsic specificity, it offers a significant advantage over other techniques in that it allows low‐level detection of the target molecule without biological interferences from the blood or tissue. The method is also capable of detecting drug‐related degradation products both from the finished stent product and from explanted stents. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass spectrometric characterization of phosphorylated peptides using MALDI in‐source decay via redox reactions
Authors: Asakawa Daiki , Takayama Mitsuo
Published: February 2012

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization in‐source decay (MALDI‐ISD) has been used for characterization of a phosphorylated peptides and proteins because labile phosphate group is not lost during the MALDI‐ISD process. The conventional MALDI‐ISD is initiated by the hydrogen transfer from reducing matrix molecules to peptide backbone, leading to c′‐ and z′‐series ions. In contrast, when an oxidizing chemical 5‐nitrosalicylic acid (5‐NSA) is served as the MALDI‐ISD matrix, a‐ and x‐series ions are specifically generated by hydrogen abstraction from peptide backbone to matrix molecule. The 5‐NSA provides useful complementary information to the conventional MALDI‐ISD for the analysis of amino acid sequencing and site localization of phosphorylation in peptides. The MALDI‐ISD with reducing and oxidizing matrix could be a useful method for the de novo peptide sequencing. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas‐flow assisted ion transfer for mass spectrometry
Authors: Garimella Sandilya , Xu Wei , Huang Guangming , Harper Jason D. , Cooks R Graham , Ouyang Zheng
Published: February 2012

Methods and devices that use gas flows to collect ions and transfer them over long distances for mass spectrometric analysis have been developed. Gas flows derived from the ionization source itself or provided by means of additional pumping were used to generate a laminar flow inside cylindrical tube. Hydrodynamic simulations and experimental tests demonstrate that laminar flow can transfer ions over long distance. The typical angular discrimination effects encountered when sampling ions from ambient ionization sources are minimized, and the sampling of relatively large surface areas is demonstrated with desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). Ion transfer over 6 m has been achieved and its application to multiplexed chemical analysis is demonstrated on samples at locations remote from the mass spectrometer. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection and quantitation of a pheomelanin component in melanin pigments using pyrolysis–gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry system with multiple reaction monitoring mode
Authors: Dzierżęga‐Lęcznar Anna , Kurkiewicz Slawomir , Stępień Krystyna
Published: February 2012

Here, we describe the reliable method for the detection and quantitation of a pheomelanin component in melanin pigments. Synthetic melanins with various contents of pheomelanin‐type structural units were thermally degraded, and the multiple reaction monitoring mode was applied to detect the pheomelanin markers in the pyrolysates by GC/MS/MS. The method allowed the specific detection and quantitation of a pheomelanin component in melanin with the incorporation of pheomelanin‐type units as low as 0.05%. Considering highly universal character of the pheomelanin markers, the method could be applied for structural studies of natural melanin pigments being mixtures of eumelanin and pheomelanin. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.