bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Simulation Model With Unstructured Grid Provides Better Predictions of Water Movement in Heavily Fractured Reservoir – A Case Study at Onshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Shi Wen , Marzooqi Maitha Jawhar Al , Ansi Rasha Nabeel Al , Zhou Shuisheng , Li Junchao , Gong Bin , Fang Junling , Li Chen , Yang Tao
Published: January 2023

A multi-billion-barrel oil reservoir at onshore Abu Dhabi has been developed under depletion/aquifer water drive for over 30 years. Recently, significant number of producers have encountered water breakthroughs, some of which are highly suspected to be through the connected fracture network naturally occurred in the reservoir. This premature water breakthrough behavior has hindered the company's mission of increasing and stabilizing the oil production from this reservoir. Predicting future water production, optimizing infill drilling locations and implementing water injection remain as main challenges that the operator has faced.

The study described in this paper deployed multiple levels of fracture characterizations in the reservoir simulation model by using unstructured grid to explicitly delineate major/large fractures. The multiple rounds of well-by-well history match has been conducted with focus on water production behavior and pressure. Special attention has been put on the wells showed premature water breakthrough and on the wells identified as "dominated by fractures". The history match process involving many multi-disciplinary work sessions utilized well test data, image logs, seismic data and mud losses to ensure the most meaningful adjustments on fractures descriptions to be implemented.

In comparison with the ordinary dual-porosity dual-permeability (DPDP) reservoir simulation model that has been used during the past few years by the operator, this novel approach / new unstructured grid model provides much better fracture descriptions, higher quality history match and more reliable predictions. Its faster run speed may attribute to its adaptive mesh refinement treatment. The history match has shown significant improvements especially at wells that are dominated by flow through fractures. The current forecast exercise focuses on screening of infill locations and ranking of pre-mature water breakthrough risks at locations. Effect of peripheral water injection are also part of the prediction. The ultimate success criterion is reducing/eliminating pre-mature water breakthroughs at infill well locations optimized by this model.
Effective Modeling of Stimulation and Production Decline From Tight Naturally Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Peshcherenko Aleksandra , Anisimov Mikhail , Chuprakov Dimitry
Published: January 2023

Tight naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs often show steep rate and pressure declines leading to reduction in apparent well productivity. These declines are influenced by several complex phenomena. Some of these are geometry and density of natural fractures (NFs), matrix properties, and damage that occurs during the drilling and completion operations. An additional factor which is sometimes overlooked is the change in NF properties (such as decrease in NF permeability) with time that occurs because of production drawdown. Modeling this phenomenon forms the focus of this paper.

Injection or production of fluid in naturally fractured reservoirs (NFRs) typically causes slippage, opening, and fracture compliance effects that depend on elevation or decrease of fluid pressure in the rock. In this work, we solve equations of fluid transport in a rock with a high density of NFs using constitutive equations for hydro-mechanical fracture response to pressure changes and chemical reactions with the injected acids. Followed by the acid treatment and shut-in periods, we model the production phase. For the production modeling, we specified a flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP) and studied the production rate decline as a function of time.

The production decline is a result of NF permeability decrease, which is due to the increase of effective stresses applied to NFs. We show sensitivity of these production signatures to spatial density of NFs and viscosity of treatment fluids. We also demonstrated changes of anisotropic formation permeability tensors both after the shut-in and during production for two types of stimulation: mechanical and chemical formation damage.

Common reservoir engineering workflows sometimes ignore well-known time-dependent rock mechanics behavior of NFs. The work presented in this paper will help quantify NF conductivity loss with producing time which is an important parameter in numerical reservoir simulations. Decline rates in tight NFRs are steep and impact EURs and project economics. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that influence these declines through fit-for-purpose modeling and simulation is a crucial step for optimizing their development.
Internally Catalyzed Aqueous-Based Emulsion of Curable Epoxy Resin Sand Consolidation Treatment Extends Economical Production in Austria's Mature Oil and Gas Fields.
Authors: Trujillo Erika Johana Tovar , Santin Yoann , Ukoha Obinnaya , Caldarelli Riccardo , Maier Robert , Kiss Akos , Moertl Monica , Zabel David
Published: January 2023

Sand production is one of the major challenges for mature fields in Austria. With increasing water production, the severity of the sand migration augments, leading to the shut-in of the wells. Eliminating or substantially reducing sand production at the sand face is the most viable option to continue hydrocarbon production. The project's target was to research and apply a technically sound solution readily available in Europe, with reduced HSSE risks and little economic impact.

To control intervention costs, it was decided to favor sand control solutions for rig-less interventions. Collaboratively, the teams evaluated formation rock consolidation with the help of an internally catalyzed aqueous-based emulsion of curable epoxy resin (ICABECER). Laboratory testing demonstrated the system's suitability for the target wells and confirmed the viability of the planned operations scheduled to deploy the treatment via coiled tubing (CT), as well as limiting concerns about permeability reduction. Finally, field operations of the application, clean-up, and production face were monitored and evaluated.

The major concern when using resins to agglomerate sand grains in a reservoir rock is that the pore space is reduced, jeopardizing the rock permeability. Laboratory testing confirmed that the permeability of the rock can be retained. Due to the simplicity of the intervention, the treatment could be deployed with standard equipment keeping it within the budgetary constraints of very mature fields.

To mitigate possible risks, wells having challenging production backgrounds and scheduled for plug and abandon were selected. In these wells, previous conventional sand control measures failed, such as gravel pack installations or attempting to produce sand and separate it on surface. Post-job results demonstrated that the in-situ consolidation generated a reduction of sand content to a level allowing production of the wells. During the clean-up period of the gas well, sufficient sand was produced to erode the choke. After the well start-up period, sand production was eliminated, and the well was returned to the target rate. Monitoring of solid contents in the flow and the evaluation of coupons confirmed the suitability of the technique to establish flow with acceptable risks contributing to economic success.

The cost-effective ICABECER chemical treatment, along with the methodology, opens new opportunities for the asset to prolong well life and increase the overall recovery factor from the reservoir. Technical simplicity and the reduced environmental impact of the chemicals are key for resource-saving and sustainable operations in mature fields.
A Reduced-Physics Framework for Forecasting in Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Guo Zhenyu , Li Ying , Sankaran Sathish
Published: January 2023

Forecasting in unconventional reservoirs is a challenging task due to its complex physics. While decline curve analysis (DCA) is the ubiquitous workhorse for forecasting production rates, it often is not adequate in several scenarios without consideration of physics. Alternately, full-physics reservoir simulation models are equipped with comprehensive physics; however, they are often tedious, time-consuming, and data-hungry due to their underlying requirements on geological modeling, fracture modeling and model calibration. The goal of this work is to apply a reduced-physics framework (RGNet) for modeling, conditioning, and forecasting unconventional reservoirs in an efficient manner, while preserving the fundamental flowing physics to ensure prediction accuracy.

Based on the concept of diffusivity of time of flight, RGNet models the drainage volume of a target well using a set of 1D grid blocks in lieu of a detailed 3D grid system, which significantly reduces the complexity of the system and enables faster model runtime. Since RGNet constructs a reservoir model with a completely different frame of reference by simply following pressure evolution patterns originating from the well, it removes the burden of geological/fracture modeling. The parameters defined in the 1D grids are common reservoir properties that are physically interpretable such as transmissibilities and pore volumes which are calibrated by history matching routinely measured data (rate, pressure). In addition to common reservoir-flow physics, pressure-dependent properties are considered inside the framework as the physics specific to unconventional reservoirs.

The proposed framework is applied for multiple field examples with multi-phase production including gas and oil reservoirs. The field examples demonstrate that we can obtain reasonable history matches under single-well and multi-well scenarios. Reservoir properties are reasonably characterized, including relative permeabilities, well indices, pore-volumes, transmissibilities and well interference. Furthermore, the tests on oil reservoirs show good prediction of gas-oil ratio changes, which is typically difficult to achieve using analytical or empirical approaches. By using an ensemble-based history-matching algorithm, RGNet also provides multiple history-matches and forecasts for uncertainty analysis. As RGNet uses a parsimonious method for modeling the reservoir, the runtime of one forward model is only a few seconds for all the examples presented, which is much faster than a full-physics model.

RGNet provides an efficient way to model, history match, characterize and forecast unconventional reservoirs. It provides a generic framework so any relevant physics can be incorporated. As common reservoir properties are used to parameterize reservoirs, the results are easily interpretable. The superior efficiency of RGNet makes it suitable as a fit-for-purpose tool for well performance analysis and continuous production optimization in unconventionals.
What is the Acceptable Cluster Interference Degree in Multistage Hydraulically Fractured Wells?
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Farid
Published: January 2023

The cluster spacing was set up to 700 ft in diffrent shale formations including Bakken and Barnet shales. Howerver, tight cluster spacing was applied in apart in Eagle Ford and DJ Basin for cluster spacing up to 15 ft. The tight fracture spacing was applied to ais to increase the initial production rate. However, a higher initial production rate is at the expense of higher operation and completion costs in addition to operational complexity. This study presents an combined workflow to calculate the percent of interference and its effect on the well performance in addition estimate the acceptable interference degree that provides the highest well profitability.

Analytical rate transient analysis (RTA) and reservoir numerical simulation were combined to estimate the ratio of the effective fracture surface area (ACe) for hydrocarbon production to the actual stimulated fracture area (ACa) from the numerical simulation. The degree of interference was calculated by (1- ACe/ACa). The economic study was added to the integrated workflow to estimate the degree of interference and the optimum spacing based on the profitability of the well.

This study presents an integrated workflow to quantify the degree of cluster interference as a function of spacing. The workflow was integrated with an economic model to estimate the acceptable interference percent to have a higher NPV. The higher the stage number and tighter cluster spacing, the higher the cluster interference will be. The acceptable interference percent is a function of formation properties and economic parameters. The acceptable interference percent was found to be 16% in the case of 0.0001md, 2.5$/Mscf. Increasing the formation permeability increases the acceptable interference percent to accelerate production and increase the recovery. As the gas price increases, tighter spacing is recommended, where, at 8$/Mscf, the NPV was continuously increasing up to the lowest spacing in this study of 20 ft.

This study provides an integrated workflow to quantify the interference percent and the acceptable percent as a function of cluster spacing, formation properties, and economic analysis in order of increasing the well profitability.
Effect of Variable Brine Salinities on CO2 Trapping: Implications for CO2 Storage in Saline Acquires
Authors: Zhang Haiyang , Al Kobaisi Mohammed , Zhang Yihuai , Arif Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Injecting CO2 into the saline aquifer is considered to be an effective strategy to mitigate CO2 emissions. Saline aquifers are known to have a wide range of salinities and several evidences showed that different brine salinities give rise to different CO2-brine-rock wetting behaviors as well as different CO2 solubility potential. This will ultimately influence the CO2 plume migration behavior and the overall performance of a CO2 sequestration project. However, associated field-scale CO2 capacity predictions in different saline aquifers received little attention. This study conducts field-scale numerical simulations to analyze the effect of aquifer salinity on the CO2 storage potential. Different CO2-brine flow behaviors undervariablebrine salinities were considered. The results showed that an increase in the plume migration distance was observed in a higher salinity aquifer.While an increase in the brine salinity would result in an increase in residual trapping but a decreased solubility trapping capacities.Also, higher salinity formation observed more mobile CO2 and thus exhibit a worse sealing efﬁciency. We point out that residual trapping capacity evaluation should consider both residual CO2 saturation and the CO2 occupied volume, which both are strong functions of brine salinity.
Estimation of Fluid Saturation Using Machine Learning Algorithms: A Case Study of Niger Delta Sandstone Reservoirs
Authors: Adeeyo Yisa Ademola , Osinaike Anuola Ayodeji , Adun Gamaliel Olawale
Published: January 2023

Water Saturation (Sw) is a critical input to reserves estimation and reservoir modeling workflows which ultimately informs effective reservoir management and decision-making. Without laboratory analysis on expensive core data, Sw is estimated using traditional correlations—commonly Archie's equation. However, using such a correlation in routine petrophysical analysis for estimating reservoir properties on a case-by-case basis is challenging and time-consuming.

This study employs a data-driven approach to model Sw in Niger Delta sandstone reservoirs using readily available geophysical well logs. We evaluate the performance of several generic and ensemble machine learning (ML) algorithms for predicting Archie's computed Sw. ML techniques such as unsupervised anomaly detection and multivariate single imputation were used for preprocessing the data and feature engineering was used to improve the predictive quality of the input well logs. The generalization ability of the ML models was assessed on the individual training wells as well as a held-out test well. Model hyperparameters were tuned using Bayesian Optimization in the cross-validation process to achieve a high rate of success. Several evaluation metrics and graphical methods such as learning curves, convergence plots, and partial dependence plots (PDPs) were then used to assess the predictive performance of the models and explain their behavior. This revealed the Tree Boosting ensembles as the top performers.

The superior performance of the Tree Boosting ensembles over the benchmark linear model reveals that the relationship between the transformed logs and Sw is complex and better modeled in the nonlinear domain. Based on the results obtained in this research, we propose the Tree Boosting ensembles as potential models for rapidly estimating Sw for reservoir characterization. A broader field application of the proposed methodologies is expected to provide greater insight into subsurface fluid distribution thereby improving hydrocarbon recovery.
Simulation of Waterflooding Oil Recovery With Advanced Multilateral Wells Under Uncertainty by Using MRST
Authors: Moradi Ali , Moldestad Britt M. E. , Kumara Amaranath S.
Published: January 2023

The suitable design of Advanced Multilateral Well (AMW) completions under uncertain information is challenging but crucial for achieving cost-effective and low-carbon oil recovery. This requires an accurate and fast coupled dynamic well-reservoir model. To this end, some commercial software packages are available to be used. However, using a free open-source tool like MATLAB® Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST) can help oil companies to reduce costs and allows petroleum engineers to make fit-for-purpose simulation models. This paper aims at using MRST to assess the performance of AMWs in improving waterflooding oil recovery under petrophysical uncertainties.

Using the MultisegmentWell class in MRST, this study develops appropriate models for the simulation of long-term oil recovery from AMWs completed with various Flow Control Devices (FCDs). Inflow Control Devices (ICDs), Autonomous Inflow Control Devices (AICDs), Autonomous Inflow Control Valves (AICVs), and Interval Control Valves (ICVs) are the main types of FCDs and are evaluated in this paper. Considering several uncertain parameters with varied distribution profiles, the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) approach is applied to generate various realizations of the reservoir model for providing a confident degree of petrophysical uncertainty. The MRST simulation results are validated against the obtained results from the EclipseSM reservoir simulator, and these simulators are compared in terms of speed and accuracy.

The preliminary findings demonstrated that in the waterflooding oil recovery, the production of oil is improved with an optimum design of AMWs completed with reactive FCDs (AICDs or AICVs) and proactive FCDs (ICVs) compared to employing passive FCDs (ICDs). Moreover, water production is highly reduced by using reactive and proactive FCDs than passive FCDs. Lifting and separating water is costly and carbon-intensive. Therefore, deploying AMWs with reactive and proactive FCDs is a valuable measure for achieving efficient and environmentally friendly waterflooding oil recovery. According to the preliminary results, it can also be concluded that ICV and AICV completions have better functionality than AICDs and ICD completions in mitigating the risks associated with reservoir uncertainties. Besides, the initial comparison of the MRST and Eclipse performances in the modeling and simulation of AMWs proves that MRST is a robust and computationally efficient tool for developing industry-standard simulation models.
The Study on 4D Geomechanical Modeling Improves Horizontal Well Production Performance: A Case Study from China
Authors: Meng Leifeng , Yin Bangguo , Fan Qinghu , Ma Yonggui , Meng Xianxing , Zhang Hanyue , Wei Tuo , Gao Zhixing , Sheng Zhimin , Jiang Jing , Xu Hanbing , Huang Xingning
Published: January 2023

A tight oil reservoir is characterized by developed natural fractures, strong heterogeneity, and anisotropy. During long-term production, the geomechanical parameters change accordingly, which results in the difference in hydraulic complex fracture propagation between the infill well and the parent well. The difference is the key factor for infill well placement and hydraulic fracturing treatment. In this paper, a numerical modeling method was proposed to investigate the infill well complex fractures propagation based on four-dimensional stress evolution during parent wells production. This method integrates with heterogeneity and anisotropy of geomechanical parameters and natural fractures, as well as the flow-geomechanics coupling process during parent wells production. The field data, including well-test data, fracturing injection data, and numerical simulation data, were involved in verifying the method. A modelling case of the Da13 region in the Junggar Basin tight oil reservoir was involved in studying the four-dimensional in-situ stress evolution and its impact on the propagation law of infill well complex fractures propagation. It can be drawn from the result that all the principal stresses decrease after long-term production, but the stress difference increases. The increase of stress difference is the largest in the region nearby the wellbore. On the basis of the 3D geomechanical modeling, with the consideration of the stress shadow, proppant settlement, and migration, the full 3D coupling simulation of artificial fractures was realized to provide support for the numerical simulation of the post-horizontal well pressure productivity. Based on the actual segmentation of Well Da 136_ H, additional productivity numerical simulation was conducted for seven segment length schemes. The EUR of the 10-year single well ranged from 25100 to 44200 tons. Case 8 provides the best development effect. However, when the fracturing segment length is less than 75 meters, the EUR increases little, and the fracturing cost increases significantly. The recommended single fracturing segment length is 75 meters.
Pore-Throat Structure Changes During Steam Flooding: An Experimental Study Based on Micro-CT Scanning
Authors: Zhao Dong , Hou Jian , Du Qingjun , Sun Jianfang , Zhu Shuainan
Published: January 2023

Steam flooding is widely used in heavy oil development. The temperature in the steam chamber during the development process can be as high as 280°C, which will change the micro-scale pore structure of the core. In this paper, two types of heavy oil reservoir cores with different clay content, i.e., argillaceous glutenite and siltstone derived from Shengli Oilfield in China, are used to carry out steam flooding experiments. The micro-CT online scanning system was used to scan the two cores before and after steam flooding in situ, the scanned images were processed and the pore network models were established, and the mean, skewness and kurtosis of the pore throat radius were compared. After steam flooding, the number of pore throats with smaller radius in the siltstone decreases, and the distribution of pore throat radius is more dispersed. The number of pore throats with small radius of argillaceous glutenite increased after steam flooding, and large pores appeared. The average pore throat radius of the two cores increased after steam flooding, and the increase of argillaceous glutenite was greater. It shows that rock particles will expand and clay minerals will dehydrate at high temperature, and the latter plays a dominant role, and cores with high amounts of clay content are more susceptible to temperature. Noticeably, the solid particles in the siltstone may be dissolved at high temperature, which increases the connectivity of the microscopic pore throats. Solid particles in argillaceous glutenite migrate under the mechanical force of steam and condensate, and may block pores and throats. This leads to irregular changes in the pore-throat structure, and it is easy to produce sand to form microscopic steam channeling paths in the reservoir. The microscopic pore-throat structure change law of the reservoir after steam flooding is important for understanding the mechanism of steam channeling paths; and more importantly, it is useful for the optimization of steam channeling prevention technology for thermal oil recovery in heavy oil reservoirs.
SCAL-On-Chip: Measurement and Interpretation of Multiphase Fluid Flow Characteristics in Porous Media. A Microfluidic Approach
Authors: Jenei Bettina , Manasipov Roman , Langanke Nils , Samara Hanin
Published: January 2023

This work aims to conduct, interpret and derive the multi-phase fluid flow behaviour more efficiently and feasibly from a novel perspective. The goal is to conduct a SCAL measurement using a microfluidic setup on a chip and interpret the in-situ results, where the parameters influencing the multi-phase fluid flow in porous media, such as wettability, capillary pressure, and relative permeability, are measured simultaneously. There are numerous economic and technical advantages of this approach. Conventionally, SCAL measurements are conducted through core samples using X-ray and multi-phase fluid flow parameters in porous media are measured separately. These properties can be simultaneously determined in digital rock physics (DRP) by applying micro-CT imaging but with high costs. The steady-state method was utilised in this study and re-designed for microfluidic flooding. The measurement was conducted using one oleic and one aqueous phase, applying different fractional flow steps, mimicking the range of varying water saturation in the reservoir during the depletion process. The used microchip has a synthetic pore-structure design with circular grain shapes. The measurements conducted are visible in real-time using a microfluidic approach. The experimental results show that it is possible to adapt the microfluidic flooding for conducting and interpreting SCAL measurements. An additional advantage of this method is that the wettability and capillary pressure could be successfully determined by means of image processing using only the data obtained from the steady-state method in a microchip. Since the measurements are visible live, and images of the microchip are captured with the desired frequency, the image processing facilitates the understanding and interpretation of multi-phase fluid flow in porous structures, which is not possible with cores. Overall, to overcome the technical and economic limitations of digital rock physics, the application of SCAL through microchips representing the porous media is a good alternative. The SCAL-on-Chip is a promising approach for describing and analysing multi-phase fluid flow. Image processing contributes to developing "smarter" and cheaper interpretation tools for estimating wettability and capillary pressure. It provides the possibility to derive mathematical models of the relationship between multi-phase flow characteristics. The derivation of a general function between the measured properties could be possible with machine learning and a sufficient amount of experiments using pore structures that closely resemble porous media.
4D Seismic Monitoring With Non-Repeated OBC Geometries in Late Jurassic Carbonate Reservoir From Offshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Alkaabi Ahmed Saeed , Anthoine Stephane Yves , Waqas Muhammad , Aljaberi Fatima Ali , Yuh Sung , Blanchard Tom , Adeyemi Adeoye , Bykov Konstantin , Grandi Andrea
Published: January 2023

One of the proven technologies for reservoir monitoring is 4D (time-lapse) seismic. It allows tracking the fluid front for water & gas and detecting pressure & density changes. Although 4D seismic monitoring is challenging in the Middle Eastern carbonate reservoirs, dealing with non-repeated acquisition geometries pose additional challenges.

This paper will present how the 4D seismic processing methods and techniques were applied to overcome the following challenges from an offshore Jurassic carbonate oil and gas field: Seismic acquisition geometry differences between the two surveys leading to strong 4D noise related to repeatability issuesMultiple contamination especially in shallow water environment (water depth ranges from 15 to 25m)

Cascaded application of denoise and demultiple procedures were performed. Different types of migration were conducted too. In order to overcome specifically acquisition geometry differences between legacy and monitor surveys, Least-Squares Migration algorithm was applied to 4D datasets.

4D Least-Squares migration showed better 4D inversion results compared with the ones from Kirchhoff migration. As 4D inversion signal has the same order of magnitude as 4D noise, additional information such as geology and well production data were required to discriminate 4D signal from noise. Nevertheless, some areas still suffer from residual multiples that generate strong and low frequency noise in 4D inversion results. However, many 4D seismic anomalies were validated as 4D signal mainly corresponding to 4D P-impedance increase which were nicely matched with water cut observed at wells and with water saturation from reservoir simulation. As a general observation, the water rise observed in 4D seismic inversion results was higher (shallower) than dynamic model water rise. In addition, 4D water rise showed heterogeneous water paths compared to the uniform one in the dynamic model. 4D interpretation results were integrated in the reservoir model.
A Study on the Reasonable Lawmaking Method of the Court Marshals Duty Execution Act
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Choi Jungmyung , Chang Inho
Published: January 2023

It is necessary to review overall the laws related to the execution of duties of the Supreme Court Security Management Office, which is carrying out its mission as the presidential mission is relocated to the diplomatic mission in Hannam-dong, where the Supreme Court's mission is located. In order for the court security management office to function properly, Article 55-2 of the Court Organization Act, which is the legal basis for the execution of duties, must be suitable for field practice. However, according to the current law, there is a problem that the court security management office cannot engage in any security-related activities outside the court building under this law. If so, the security mission of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is also being carried out without any legal basis and is not being carried out normally. There is a consensus within the organization that this problem is recognized and that a full revision of Article 55-2 of the Court Organization Act is necessary. However, there is no specific alternative to what form and method of legislation. The biggest reason is that there is no organization that manages and coordinates policies of court security management units across the country. As a result, the court security management office is currently unable to actively perform its risk prevention mission due to the lack of underlying laws and organizational systems. To overcome this, this study proposes the legislative improvement direction of the enactment (tentative name) of the Court Marshals Duty Execution Act so that it can function more efficiently than the court security management office by accepting advanced research results on the Police Officer Duty Execution Act.
A Study on Gender Cognitive Sensitivity of a Criterion for Judging the Credibility of Sexual Violence Crimes
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Ha Tae-In
Published: January 2023

When sexual violence crimes are committed in a private space, there is little physical evidence, and it is not easy to prove the perpetrator's crime as the victim is the only witness. If the arguments of the two parties are different, there is no choice but to worry about whose statement to give faith. In sexual violence crimes, gender sensitivity appears as a criterion for judging the credibility of victim statements.
Gender sensitivity is a broad ability to recognize gender discrimination and gender inequality, a concept that has recently emerged to improve gender-related perceptions such as gender equality and gender awareness. Originally, gender sensitivity was a cognitive concept that was not related to the legal application of criminal cases and should be applied to policies or systems. In 2018, the Supreme Court applied for the first time in sexual harassment cases. As the Supreme Court cites this in criminal proceedings, it appears to be important in its meaning under criminal law.
However, gender sensitivity is a concept that requires judgment from the perspective of an average victim, and what it means is ambiguous. In addition, there is a concern that objective and detailed arguments may be omitted during the trial process by hastily generalizing the victim's statements. It is also very dangerous because it seems to be implicitly understood to put more credibility on the victim's statement. In addition, it may be quite unreasonable to judge guilt or innocence based on the victim's statement. This is no different from estimating facts based on the victim's statement, so there is also a risk of a public opinion trial.
Gender sensitivity should be satisfied that the victim cannot be said to be not a victim just because he/she acted uncharacteristically. In other words, gender sensitivity cannot be the only criterion for solving sexual violence crimes. This is the same as victimhood in a narrow sense. In other words, gender sensitivity and victimhood should act as passive elements that cannot be said to be victims just because they do or do not do such actions. Therefore, gender sensitivity or victimhood cannot be the only criterion for judging the credibility of victim statements. If only statements exist and there is no physical evidence, there is only an effort to reveal the truth, but the perfect substantive truth cannot be revealed. Therefore, the contents of the statement should be comprehensively evaluated and the principle of presumption of innocence should be followed. In addition, it can be said that a case without reasonable doubt in conviction requires a high degree of certainty compared to a case with physical evidence.
A Study on the Threat of Stalking in Single-Person Households and the Cost of Crime
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Hong Seong Cho , Cho Je Seong
Published: January 2023

This study aims to examine whether crime-related economic cost are statistically significant for subjects recognizing the stalking threat among single-person households, and to make specific suggestions on the current single-person household policy. To this end, this study reprocessed raw data from ‘2020 Korean National Crime Victimization Survey’ collected by the ‘Korea Institute of Criminology and Justice’, and Poisson regression analysis was conducted by using IBM SPSS Statistics 28 package program. The cases used in the analysis were sampled for single-person households nationwide, and analyze whether the group who answered yes to the question of “I'm afraid that someone will chase or bother me persistently by phone, etc” has significant different in economic costs for crime prevention with group who answered no. However, the definition of cost fo crime was analyzed including the expected value for crime prevention and the actual value for actually paid. As a result of the analysis, statistically significant values were found for the cost of crime(cost invested in self-defense tool) and lfestyle(which can be measured as expected value for crime prevention, such as possession of a vehicle for late night travel not taking a taxi alone at night). Since the analysis was conducted with gender and age controlled, the group recognizing the stalking threat among single-person households in Korea is empirically more likely to pay or pay more for cost of crime than those who do not. In conclusion, this study discussed improvement for current single-person households security and safety policy and described related suggestions.
Practice and Improvement of Factor Analysis in Criminal Justice Research
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Park Eun Seo , Cho Young Il
Published: January 2023

This study examined the practices used to verify the validity of scales in the criminal justice areas and confirmed whether these practices were correct. Among 259 research papers published in journals listed by KCI from 2017 to 2021, 97 papers were selected for this study, which used factor analysis to verify the validity of the scale. 78.4% of papers conducted exploratory factor analysis to verify validity. It was confirmed that KMO statistics and Bartlett’s test of sphericity, methods to determine the number of factors, factor extraction methods, factor-axis rotation methods, result-presentation methods were performed. As a result, 59.2% of papers did not report the results of the KMO statistics and Bartlett sphericity tests, and 77.6% did not report the method of determining the number of factors. In the case of factor extraction method, 60.5% did not report it, and most of them used principal component analysis. In the case of rotation, 52.6% did not mention it, and VARIMAX(orthogonal rotation) was the most common method of factor-axis rotation. In addition, exploratory factor analysis showed that the report was almost inadequate. Finally, the analysis results by confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis were compared using child and youth panel data in practice.
Batch and column tests study on coexistence of TNT and aniline enhancing their Transports in Chinese loess
Authors: Wu Yaoguo , Yi Mengying , Zhou Bo , Liang Zhiyuan , Sun Ran , Hu Sihai , Guo Qian , Meng zhaohui , ye Erfan
Published: January 2023

Batch adsorption and column tests were conducted to explore characteristics of transports of TNT and aniline and their interactions in saturated Chinese loess sampled from Xi’an, China. Batch tests show that the performances of TNT and aniline adsorptions on Chinese loess are not same when they exist alone. When they coexist, their adsorptions inhibit each other and their inhibitions potentials were different. TNT inhibition on aniline adsorption is in linear and increases with TNT concentration increasing, while aniline inhibition on TNT adsorption also depends on its concentration but in two stages, where the inhibition is few when aniline concentration is lower than 5 mg/L, and then also gets linear increasing with aniline concentration increasing over 5 mg/L. Even though, the inhibition of aniline on TNT adsorption is generally greater than that of TNT on aniline adsorption. Column tests show that, compared with the transport behavior when they exist alone, theier coexistence can promote each other to transport in the saturated loess, importantly, aniline promotes more obviously TNT transport than TNT promotes aniline transport. Kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics studies indicat that, TNT adsorption is primarily through the surface adsorption while aniline adsorption is mainly via electrostatic adsorption and inner pore diffusion adsorption as well as surface adsorption. There is a certain competitive relationship in their adsorptions on Chinese loess because they have same adsorption sites, meanwhile, they have different adsorption sites, especially, electrostatic force is greater than surface force, when they coexist. So, these inhibitions on adsorption are conducive to the existences of TNT and aniline in the water solution rather than being fixed on Chinese loess, thus enhancing their transports in the saturated loess and aniline has a great effect on TNT migration, while TNT has a small effect on aniline transport, indicating their coexistence can increase the risk of deep soil and even groundwater pollution.
In situ Imaging and Tracking of Reversible Metal-Support Interactions under CO2 Hydrogenation over a Cu@TiOx Core@shell Catalyst
Authors: Deng Kaixi , Chen Xiaobo , Moncada Jorge , Salavatore Kenna , Rui Ning , Xu Wenqian , Xiang Shuting , Marinkovic Nebojsa , Frenkel Anatoly , Zhou Guangwen , Wong Stanislaus , Rodriguez Jose
Published: January 2023

A combination of environmental-transmission electron microscopy (E-TEM), several in-situ techniques (XRD, PDF, XAFS, AP-XPS), and transient isotopic exchange analysis was used to explore links between the structural and chemical properties of a Cu@TiOx core@shell catalyst under CO2 hydrogenation conditions. The active phase of the catalyst involved an oxide/metal configuration, but the initial core@shell motif was disrupted. Images of E-TEM showed a very dynamic morphology, where the inverse oxide/metal configuration was substantially affected by the gas environment (CO2, H2, or CO2/H2) and the temperature of the system. At room temperature, CO2 was very reactive at the metal-oxide interface, producing big changes in its morphology. When the initial system was oxidized by reaction with carbon dioxide (CO2,gas → COgas + Oads), the copper leached out and disrupted the titania shell. However, the core@shell structure was regenerated by hydrogen reduction at 150-250 oC. When oxidation and reduction occurred at the same time, under a mixture of CO2 and H2, the surface structure evolved toward a dynamic equilibrium that strongly depended on the temperature. At room temperature, the leaching of copper dominated, while, at 250 °C, the formation and development of an evolving Cu@TiOx structure prevailed. These morphological changes were linked to variations in metal-support interactions that were completely reversible with temperature or chemical environment and affected the catalytic activity of the system.
Food Security and Sustainability Dimensions of Organic Farming: A Comprehensive Scientometric Review (2010-2022)
Authors: Dash Sarthak , Priyadarshini Sugyanta , Dulla Nisrutha
Published: January 2023

The study investigated the scientific output, collaboration, and impression of research on organic farming due to the increasing interest of commoners in food quality and sustainability. Efforts to enhance agroecological sustainability call for assessing the structural overview of the numerous research work done so far to understand the growth in diverse subject areas in organic farming. The scientometric method is considered for analyzing 511 documents extracted in CSV format from the Scopus online database from 2010 till July 2, 2022. The pulled-out data is analyzed via VOSviewer, revealing prominent contributing authors, cited references, the significant collaboration between the countries, total link strength, and co-occurrence of author keywords using analysis of co-authorship, co-occurrence, citation, and bibliographic coupling in several domains. Out of 511 documents published in the English language retrieved from the Scopus database, 75.29% are articles, 11.17% are review papers, and 13.52% are conference papers. In 2021, the maximum number of documents produced (n = 97) related to organic farming. India has contributed the maximum number of documents (n = 65) with the collaboration of 29 other countries and bagged 730 citations. The following study is the first to conduct a scientometric analysis in the field of food security and sustainability dimensions of organic farming, which facilitate a better understanding of the recent growth trend of research associated with organic farming on the one hand and can further improve the policies based on brainstorming to action formulation not only in academics but also in research and development on the other.
Do the clinical practice guidelines for paediatric dentistry meet the quality standards? A meta-research and quality appraisal using AGREE II tool
Authors: Elagami Rokaia A. , Laux Caroline M. , Gallegos Claudia L. , Tedesco Tamara K. , Gimenez Thais , Braga Mariana M. , Mendes Fausto M. , Raggio Daniela Prócida
Published: January 2023

Background
Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) are standardized recommendations to improve healthcare and facilitate clinicians' decisions. We aimed to evaluate the quality of CPGs in paediatric dentistry using the AGREE II tool.
Methods
PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, LIVIVO, Lilacs, international guidelines websites, scientific societies, and grey literature databases were searched until September 2021 by two reviewers. We included CPGs that contain paediatric dental recommendations, while drafts or guidelines designed for special needs patients were excluded. Descriptive statistics for the characteristics of the guidelines and mean overall domain scores (95% confidence interval) were calculated.
Results
Forty-three guidelines were included in this study. Overall mean (95% CI) for all the domains as follows: 1) scope and purpose (49.1%, 95%CI: 41.2–57), 2) stakeholder involvement (32.2%, 95%CI: 24.2–40.1), 3) rigour of development (29%, 95%CI: 22.3–35.7), 4) clarity of presentation (57.3%, 95%CI: 50.2–64.5), 5) applicability (15.8%, 95%CI: 10.4–21.3), and 6) editorial independence (37.7%, 95%CI: 26–49.5). Only one guideline was reported with scores ≥ 60% for all 6 domains.
Conclusions
The reporting quality of paediatric dentistry guidelines does not meet the standard for methodological quality, especially in domain 5 for applicability. Bias can be introduced during the development of clinical guidelines, which could mislead paediatric dentists and harm patients. Our results could help in establishing good quality CPGs with reliable recommendations by pointing out the importance of implementing the AGREE II tool with a system to evaluate the level of evidence.
Registration: The protocol of this study was prospectively registered on Open Science Framework - DOI (10.17605/OSF.IO/BFNGW).
Stability and Hopf Bifurcation Analysis of a Fractional-order p53 Multiple Time Delays Model under PDα control
Authors: wang danni , yang hongli , yang liangui
Published: January 2023

This paper focuses on the analysis of multiple types of time delays and fractional-order proportional-derivative (PDα) controller on the dynamics of fractional-order p53 model. The multiple types of time delay schemes are dexterously designed during the bifurcation control for the proposed system, and the comparative study is elaborately performed on bifurcation control theoretically. Analysis reveals that the negative feedback delay restrains the delay threshold, while the positive feedback delay promotes the delay threshold and makes the system more robust. System dynamics is affected by fractional order, which is more conducive to the generation of system oscillations. We have adapted control system techniques and designed a PDα controller. This controller is used to activate p53 protein. Numerical results display that the addition of PDα controller can increase the richness of the dynamic system. The differential gain parameter kd of PDα controller promotes the appearance of oscillation, and the proportional gain parameter kp will hinder the appearance of oscillation. The PD controller is a good strategy to control the oscillation behaviors of the system.