bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuropilin 2 Signaling Mediates Corticostriatal Transmission, Spine Maintenance, and Goal-Directed Learning in Mice
Authors: Assous Maxime , Martinez Edward , Eisenberg Carol , Shah Fulva , Kosc Aleksandra , Varghese Kristie , Espinoza Diego , Bhimani Shaznaan , Tepper James M. , Shiflett Michael W. , Tran Tracy S.
Published: September 2019

The striatum represents the main input structure of the basal ganglia, receiving massive excitatory input from the cortex and the thalamus. The development and maintenance of cortical input to the striatum is crucial for all striatal function including many forms of sensorimotor integration, learning, and action control. The molecular mechanisms regulating the development and maintenance of corticostriatal synaptic transmission are unclear. Here we show that the guidance cue, Semaphorin 3F and its receptor Neuropilin 2 (Nrp2), influence dendritic spine maintenance, corticostriatal short-term plasticity, and learning in adult male and female mice. We found that Nrp2 is enriched in adult layer V pyramidal neurons, corticostriatal terminals, and in developing and adult striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs). Loss ofNrp2increases SPN excitability and spine number, reduces short-term facilitation at corticostriatal synapses, and impairs goal-directed learning in an instrumental task. Acute deletion ofNrp2selectively in adult layer V cortical neurons produces a similar increase in the number of dendritic spines and presynaptic modifications at the corticostriatal synapse in theNrp2−/−mouse, but does not affect the intrinsic excitability of SPNs. Furthermore, conditional loss ofNrp2impairs sensorimotor learning on the accelerating rotarod without affecting goal-directed instrumental learning. Collectively, our results identify Nrp2 signaling as essential for the development and maintenance of the corticostriatal pathway and may shed novel insights on neurodevelopmental disorders linked to the corticostriatal pathway and Semaphorin signaling.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe corticostriatal pathway controls sensorimotor, learning, and action control behaviors and its dysregulation is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we demonstrate that Neuropilin 2 (Nrp2), a receptor for the axon guidance cue semaphorin 3F, has important and previously unappreciated functions in the development and adult maintenance of dendritic spines on striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs), corticostriatal short-term plasticity, intrinsic physiological properties of SPNs, and learning in mice. Our findings, coupled with the association of Nrp2 with ASD in human populations, suggest that Nrp2 may play an important role in ASD pathophysiology. Overall, our work demonstrates Nrp2 to be a key regulator of corticostriatal development, maintenance, and function, and may lead to better understanding of neurodevelopmental disease mechanisms.
Multiple Nonauditory Cortical Regions Innervate the Auditory Midbrain
Authors: Olthof Bas M.J. , Rees Adrian , Gartside Sarah E.
Published: September 2019

Our perceptual experience of sound depends on the integration of multiple sensory and cognitive domains, however the networks subserving this integration are unclear. Connections linking different cortical domains have been described, but we do not know the extent to which connections also exist between multiple cortical domains and subcortical structures. Retrograde tracing in adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus) revealed that the inferior colliculus, the auditory midbrain, receives dense descending projections not only, as previously established, from the auditory cortex, but also from the visual, somatosensory, motor, and prefrontal cortices. While all these descending connections are bilateral, those from sensory areas show a more pronounced ipsilateral dominance than those from motor and prefrontal cortices. Injections of anterograde tracers into the cortical areas identified by retrograde tracing confirmed those findings and revealed cortical fibers terminating in all three subdivisions of the inferior colliculus. Immunolabeling showed that cortical terminals target both GABAergic inhibitory, and putative glutamatergic excitatory neurons. These findings demonstrate that auditory perception and behavior are served by a network that includes extensive descending connections to the midbrain from sensory, behavioral, and executive cortices.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMaking sense of what we hear depends not only on the analysis of sound, but also on information from other senses together with the brain's predictions about the properties and significance of the sound. Previous work suggested that this interplay between the senses and the predictions from higher cognitive centers occurs within the cerebral cortex. By tracing neural connections in rat, we show that the inferior colliculus, the subcortical, midbrain center for hearing, receives extensive connections from areas of the cerebral cortex concerned with vision, touch, movement, and cognitive function, in addition to areas representing hearing. These findings demonstrate that wide-ranging cortical feedback operates at an earlier stage of the hearing pathway than previously recognized.
Walden Pond as Thoreau’s Landscape of Genius
Authors: Hess Scott
Published: September 2019

Scott Hess, “Walden Pond as Thoreau’s Landscape of Genius” (pp. 224–250)

This essay explores how Henry David Thoreau’s identification with Walden Pond was influenced by the nineteenth-century discourse of the literary landscape and by William Wordsworth’s association with the English Lake District in particular. Wordsworth was a central figure for the transatlantic development of the “landscape of genius”—a new form of literary landscape in which the genius of the author, associated with a specific natural landscape, mediated the spiritual power of nature for individual readers and tourists. Wordsworth’s identification of his authorial identity with the Lake District landscape had a formative influence on both Thoreau’s self-conception and his subsequent reception and canonization, as Thoreau and Walden Pond as his landscape of genius entered the canon together. The essay concludes by exploring the ongoing significance of Thoreau’s association with Walden for both his scholarly and popular reputations, including proliferating discourses of “Thoreau Country”; cultural and political disputes over the Concord and Walden landscapes; and invocations of Thoreau as an ecological hero and inspiration for responses to climate change.
Islet-specific Prmt5 excision leads to reduced insulin expression and glucose intolerance in mice
Authors: Ma Jian , He Xin , Cao Yan , O’Dwyer Kienan , Szigety Katherine M , Wu Yuan , Gurung Buddha , Feng Zijie , Katona Bryson W , Hua Xianxin
Published: September 2019

Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), a symmetric arginine methyltransferase, regulates cell functions by influencing gene transcription through posttranslational modification of histones and non-histone proteins. PRMT5 interacts with multiple partners including menin, which controls beta cell homeostasis. However, the role of Prmt5 in pancreatic islets, particularly in beta cells, remains unclear. A mouse model with an islet-specific knockout (KO) of the Prmt5 gene was generated, and the influence of the Prmt5 excision on beta cells was investigated via morphologic and functional studies. Beta cell function was evaluated by glucose tolerance test (GTT) and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) test. Beta cell proliferation was evaluated by immunostaining. Gene expression change was determined by real-time qPCR. Molecular mechanisms were investigated in beta cells in vitro and in vivo in Prmt5 KO mice. The results show that islet-specific KO of Prmt5 reduced expression of the insulin gene and impaired glucose tolerance and GSIS in vivo. The mechanistic study indicated that PRMT5 is involved in the regulation of insulin gene transcription, likely via histone methylation-related chromatin remodeling. The reduced expression of insulin in beta cells in the Prmt5 KO mice may contribute to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and deficient GSIS in the mouse model. These results will provide new insights into exploring novel strategies to treat diabetes caused by insulin insufficiency.
Extending Tests of Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium to Structured Populations
Authors: Hao Wei , Storey John D
Published: September 2019

Testing for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) is an important component in almost all analyses of population genetic data. Genetic markers that violate HWE are often treated as special cases; for example, they may be flagged as possible...

Testing for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) is an important component in almost all analyses of population genetic data. Genetic markers that violate HWE are often treated as special cases; for example, they may be flagged as possible genotyping errors, or they may be investigated more closely for evolutionary signatures of interest. The presence of population structure is one reason why genetic markers may fail a test of HWE. This is problematic because almost all natural populations studied in the modern setting show some degree of structure. Therefore, it is important to be able to detect deviations from HWE for reasons other than structure. To this end, we extend statistical tests of HWE to allow for population structure, which we call a test of “structural HWE.” Additionally, our new test allows one to automatically choose tuning parameters and identify accurate models of structure. We demonstrate our approach on several important studies, provide theoretical justification for the test, and present empirical evidence for its utility. We anticipate the proposed test will be useful in a broad range of analyses of genome-wide population genetic data.
La diversidad en los procesos educativos: bases para una propuesta conceptual
Authors: Hernández Vargas Dora
Published: September 2019

Recibido 7 de mayo, 2007 • Aprobado 12 de junio, 2007

 

 

La tesis principal de este trabajo es que lo que hace problemático el abordaje del concepto de diversidad son las consecuencias que derivemos de su reconocimiento. Y este reconocimiento se hace desde la pedagogía. Luego de examinar, de forma sucinta, la trascendencia de la idea de diversidad en las principales tradiciones de la filosofía social, la autora propone las bases conceptuales que, desde estas lecturas ideológicas deben dirigir el abordaje pedagógico del concepto.
Regiones funcionales en los municipios del norte del departamento del Magdalena en Colombia: un enfoque desde el modelo clásico de Christaller
Authors: Sáenz Zapata José Alfonso , Garza Puentes Nestor Fernando
Published: September 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es identificar las regiones funcionales en los municipios del norte del departamento del Magdalena en Colombia, usando la teoría de los lugares centrales de Christaller. El diseño empírico se basa en teoría de grafos, usando una muestra aleatoria. Se encontraron lugares centrales de primer (Santa Marta y Barranquilla) y segundo orden (Ciénaga, Fundación y Pivijay), a los cuales acuden las personas a comprar bienes y servicios que no encuentran en sus lugares de habitación. Se sugiere mejorar la malla vial secundaria y terciaria entre los corregimientos y los lugares centrales identificados en el estudio, además del diseño de una microrregionalización, con la cual se puede acercar más la administración del Estado a la realidad territorial local.
The Great Leveler: Violence and the history of inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century (2017). De Walter Scheidel. Princeton University Press
Authors: López Rivera Edwin
Published: September 2019

En The Great Leveler Scheidel argumenta que, desde la prehistoria hasta nuestros días, la reducción de la desigualdad económica se ha dado exclusivamente como consecuencia de eventos violentos que han reducido las disparidades entre ricos y pobres, al menos de manera temporal. El autor se concentra en cuatro tipos de rupturas violentas: guerras, revoluciones turbulentas, el colapso de civilizaciones y estructuras estatales, y epidemias devastadoras.
A „kompromisszumos választás” szerepe a fogászati kezeléssel kapcsolatos döntések során. 676 magyar önkéntes részvételével végzett vizsgálat
Authors: Szabó Réka , Farkas Gergely , Keszeg Mária , Eördegh Gabriella , Buzás Norbert , Antal Márk
Published: September 2019

Abstract:

Introduction: The compromise effect is a well-known phenomenon in the world of marketing, but it is rarely examined in medical settings. In dental setting, the patient often has to make treatment-related decisions with price as the only available and comprehensible information to help informed choice. Aim: We sought to determine if the compromise effect plays a role in dental treatment choices, and if yes, how the effect is modified by factors such as perceived quality, professional jargon in the explanations, or the importance of keeping one’s own teeth intact. Method: 676 volunteers participated in this questionnaire-based study. The questionnaires were filled in anonymously. Altogether 8 versions of the same questionnaire were generated, in which the following information was given in varying combinations: the names of five different dental treatments from cheap to expensive, their possible prices, and additional information about the treatment. Statistical analysis: The significance of the relationship between the relative frequency of responses and the available additional information was determined by chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The respondents did not approach dental treatment-related decisions on a heuristic basis by default, most probably because of their preconceptions and previous experiences in connection with dental treatments. Esthetics turned out to be of utmost importance and expectable lifespan was also information that significantly influenced the choices. Conclusion: Extra information can and does influence informed dental treatment choice on the patient side, provided it is offered in a clear, proper, and intelligible form, which points out the importance of professional communication. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(38): 1503–1509.
Spirituality Building Bagi Lansia: Pengalaman Pendampingan pada Lansia di Desa Kare Kecamatan Kare Kabupaten Madiun
Authors: Rahmawati Lilik , Qolbi Khofifatul , Khotimah Khusnul
Published: September 2019

AbstrakKebahagiaan manusia yang hakiki dapat diperoleh dari konsistensi mentaati suatu aturan tertentu. Agama Islam sangat menganjurkan pemeluknya untuk memahami tata cara ibadah seperti sholat dan wudhu. Pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini memfokus pada pendampingan spiritualitas pada lansia Desa Kare Madiun  dalam bentuk pelatihan sholat dan wudhu. Pendampingan ini  mempunyai beberapa tujuan. Pertama, untuk menghasilkan suatu perubahan, perbaikan, kesehatan, dan kebersihan jiwa dan mental masyarakat Desa Kare khususnya Lansia Desa Kare. Kedua, adanya perubahan dan perbaikan dalam aspek kesopanan tingkah laku yang dapat memberikan manfaat, baik pada diri sendiri, lingkungan keluarga, lingkungan kerja, maupun lingkungan sosial dan alam sekitar. Ketiga, mendukung keberhasilan kecerdasan rasa (emosi) pada lansia sehingga berkembang praktik toleransi, kasih sayang, kesetiakawanan, dan tolong menolong. Keempat, mendukung ketercapaian kecerdasan spiritual pada lansia sehingga mendorong kualitan ketakwaan kepada Allah SWT. Pelatihan pendalaman agama ini menggunakan metode ekspository berupa program kajian rutin dimulai dari tanggal 26 Juli sampai 10 Agustus 2016 disertai program tambahan berupa pengkaderan. Kata Kunci: Lansia, Pelatihan, Wudhu, Sholat. AbstracsEssential human happiness can be obtained from consistency in obeying certain rules. Islam strongly encourages its adherents to understand the procedures of worship such as prayer and ablution. The implementation of community service focuses on spirituality assistance in the elderly Kare Madiun Village in the form of prayer and ablution training. This assistance has several objectives. First, to produce a change, improvement, health, and cleanliness of the soul and mentality of the Kare Village community, especially the Kare Village Elderly. Second, there are changes and improvements in aspects of courtesy that can provide benefits, both to oneself, family environment, work environment, and the social and natural environment. Third, it supports the success of sense intelligence (emotion) in the elderly so that it develops the practice of tolerance, affection, solidarity, and help. Fourth, to support the achievement of spiritual intelligence in the elderly so as to encourage the quality of piety to Allah SWT. This religious deepening training uses the expository method in the form of a routine study program starting from July 26 to August 10, 2016 accompanied by additional programs in the form of cadre. Keywords: Elderly, Training, Ablution, Prayer.
MODEL WISATA HALAL BERBASIS KOMUNITAS
Authors: Abd. Hakim Atang , Huda Uu Nurul , Aziz Rohmanur
Published: September 2019

Halal Tourism in Indonesia, now is becoming a brand for attractive types of tourism to be developed. Halal tourism is an effort to flexibility Islamic law in the practical context of the current lifestyle that integrates the values of halal and thoyyib (good) to the tourism sector in order to improve the economy of the community. Halal Tourism Village is a tourist village that offers the nuances of religiosity that are included in your aspects of tourism in life based on shari'ah principles. Cibuntu as a village established by the Kuningan Regency Government as a Tourism Village has the potential to be developed into a halal tourism village. This mentoring activity uses the PAR method (Participatory Action Research) which has three key variables, namely, Participatory (involvement), Action (service action) and Research (research). The results of these activities include: first, the political awareness of the village government, stakeholders of Kompepar (the Driving Group of Tourism), the Cibuntu Village Community in building and developing the potential of historical tourism, natural tourism and agro tourism into halal tourism destinations. This awareness has begun with the drafting of the Peraturan Desa draft on the development of the halal village of Cibuntu village; second, community empowerment in managing the Natural Resources and Human Resources of the Cibuntu Village is ready to realize a halal tourism village; third, the emergence of local government attention to the development of the Cibuntu Village community by building the Cibuntu Village Empowerment Halal as a place of discussion and consultation between parties involved in the Cibuntu Village Community
Adverse Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Pediatrics: Case Series According to the Doctor Reports in Republic of Crimea through 2010 to 2018
Authors: Matveev Alexandr V. , Krasheninnikov Anatoly E. , Egorova Elena A. , Konyaeva Elena I. , Koryanova Ksenia N.
Published: September 2019

Background. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs safety profile (NSAIDs) is well-studied in clinical trials. Meanwhile, the monitoring of adverse effects (AEs) of this drug class and analysis of AEs structure in pediatrics is essential. Our aim was to study AEs related to NSAIDs in children. Methods. Retrospective analysis of doctor reports about AEs associated with drugs from N02B and M01A groups (according to Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System) administration in patients under 18 years old in healthcare facilities or outpatiently (self-medication included) was carried out. Data source — regional database (Republic of Crimea) of spontaneous reports about AEs. Recall period — January 2010–December 2018. Results. 201 AEs cases were registered during research period. Most commonly AEs on NSAIDs were reported in infants — 87 (43.3%) cases, and in children at 1–3 years old — 65 (32.3%). Development of 126 (62.7%) AEs cases were associated with administration of Ibuprofen drugs, and 53 (26,4%) cases — with Paracetamol drugs. Significance level of cause-effect relationship was estimated in compliance with WHO Collaborating Centre method. For most cases AEs have started with such hypersensitivity reactions (193 cases, 96%) as hives, hyperemia, skin itching. Much less often AEs have presented with respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders. AEs were slight and posed no threat to children in 57% of all cases. Conclusion. AEs development on NSAIDs administration was associated with Ibuprofen and Paracetamol drugs in most cases. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions were the main clinical manifestations of AEs on NSAIDs.
The infective endocarditis of synthetic patch after left ventricle reconstruction (Dor procedure)
Authors: Chernov I. I. , Enginoev S. T. , Kozmin D. Y. , Tarasov D. G.
Published: September 2019

Infective endocarditis (IE) has become an increasingly significant problem in cardiology and cardiac surgery over the past 30 years. Despite the noticeable progress made in the diagnosis and treatment of IE, the prognosis for this condition is still poor and the mortality rate reaches 15-30% [1, 2]. The risk of developing IE is especially high in patients with «intracardiac» artificial materials (artificial valves, prostheses of any type, implantable antiarrhythmic devices). This article presents a rare clinical case of   IE of synthetic patch after left ventricle reconstruction (Dor procedure).
Surgical treatment of patient with Gsell-Erdheim syndrome with type A aortic dissection
Authors: Zherdev N. N. , Chernova D. V. , Chernov A. V. , Kudaev Yu. A. , Chernyavskiy M. A.
Published: September 2019

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Perioperative myocardial infarction during coronary artery bypass grafting. The main approaches to diagnosis and prevention
Authors: Argunova Yu. A. , Larionov M. V.
Published: September 2019

The incidence of perioperative complications, including perioperative myocardial damage and infarction, remains high with the increasing number of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) performed worldwide. These conditions are predictors of poor prognosis in the postoperative period. Therefore, it is relevant to develop strict diagnostic criteria for these conditions and to search for optimal preventive measures.

Cardioprotection is used at all stages of patient management in the perioperative period after CABG. The comprehensive approach containing preoperative management of the patient (prehabilitation), intraoperative cardioprotection and risk factor management in the postoperative period is considered to be the most effective one.

The review presents current approaches to the diagnosis of myocardial infarction after CABG, as well as the basic concepts of its prevention at all stages of patient management.
“Valve-On-Valve” — an alternative method of surgical treatment of tissue valve dysfunctions
Authors: Rogulina N. V. , Khalivopulo I. K.
Published: September 2019

Every year, the frequency of use of biological prostheses for treatment of valvular heart disease increases.

The implantation of a biological prosthesis allows avoiding lifelong anticoagulant therapy, but at the same time it may require further replacement due to the dysfunction development.

Traditional reoperation is associated with a certain risk of trauma to various structures and cardiac chambers during explantation of non-functioning valve.

Transcatheter replacement of the prosthesis (“valve-in-valve”) is not always realizable due to lack of routes for the delivery system and small diameter of the initial valve.

“Valve-in-valve” is not always demanded because it does not provide an option to choose mechanical or biological prosthesis.Valve-on-valve implantation technique implies that the new prosthesis is implanted in the carcass of the previous valve. It allows avoiding severe intraoperative complications, reducing the duration of the main stage of the surgery and adverse events in the early postoperative period, and provide an option to choose implantable device.

In this review, the authors attempted to comprehensively evaluate the world experience in applying the “valve-on-valve” technique.
The dynamics of blood pressure within 12 months after carotid artery stenting in patients with stenotic carotid lesions
Authors: Shukurov F. B. , Bulgakova E. S. , Shapieva A. N. , Rudenko B. А. , Tvorogova T. V. , Shanoyan A. S. , Suvorov A. Yu. , Feshchenko D. A. , Chigidinova D. . S. , Vasiliev D. K. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To assess the dynamics of blood pressure (BP) and determine the predictors of the hypotensive effect after carotid artery stenting (CAS).

Material and methods. The analysis included 99 patients who underwent CAS in a period of March 2014 and May 2016. Inclusion criteria: (1) the presence of 50% symptomatic or 70% asymptomatic stenosis of the carotid artery (according to NASCET criteria), (2) follow-up for at least 1 year, (3) measurement and recording of BP at four points: 24 hours before surgery, 1 hour, 24 hours and 12 months after surgery.

 Results. According to office measurement of BP, the average systolic/diastolic pressure was 117,11/60,75, 119,73/60,75, 134,75/70,48 mm Hg after 1 hour, one day and 12 months after the intervention, respectively. In comparison with the average numbers of BP before the intervention, 148,13/89,52 mm Hg there was a significantly significant decrease in BP levels after CAS (p<0,01). According to the results of daily monitoring of blood pressure, a statistically important decrease in blood pressure was observed after 1 year of observation (p<0,01) (136,52/76,84 compared with 145,91/87,63 before the intervention). Dissociated circle of Willis (odds ratio=10,37, 95% confidence interval, from 3,64 to 29,52; p<0,001) and the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension (odds ratio =3,62, 95% confidence interval, from 1,16 to 11,28; p<0,027) were predictors of a persistent decrease in BP after CAS. 

Conclusion. The obtained results indicated the need for more thorough conservative postoperative management, especially for patients with a dissociated circle of Willis. It is also necessary to achieve the target blood pressure values by individualized correction of antihypertensive therapy.
First experience of transcatheter implantation of new-generation self-expanding bioprosthesis Acurate neo
Authors: Imaev T E , Komlev A E , Lepilin P M , Kolegaev A S , Salichkin D V , Kuchin I V , Akchurin R S
Published: September 2019

Aim.To evaluate immediate single-center results of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with use of novel self-expanding bioprosthesis Acurate neo.

Material and methods. TAVI procedure was performed in 69 high-tointermediate surgical risk patients (mean age 76,8±6,1years, 31 males, 68 females) with severe calcified aortic stenosis and diverse comorbidity. Concomitant coronary artery disease was observed in 43 (62%), atrial fibrillation in 23 (33%), diabetes mellitus type 2 in 26 (38%) patients. Median Euroscore II was 4,9 (2,8; 9,0). VARC-2 criteria were applied to assess early effectiveness and safety of the procedure.

Results. There were no all-cause mortality, surgical conversion, acute coronary syndrome and stroke in the study group. In-hospital and 30-day mortality was also 0%. Duration of the procedure was 100 min (75;120), hospital stay — 7 (6;8) days. Patient’s haemodynamics and clinical status were significantly improved after TAVI. Mean aortic valve pressure gradient significantly decreased from 57,4±17,6 to 11,8±4,4 mm Hg, effective aortic valve area increased from 0,65±0,17 up to 1,8±0,41 mm Hg (p<0,001). Left ventricle ejection fraction increased from 54,5±13,2 mm Hg to 57,7±12,3 before discharge (p<0,001). Moderate paravalvular aortic regurgitation was observed in only 13% of patients. Permanent pacemaker rate was 5,8%. NYHA class reduced from 2,9 to 2,0 (p<0,001).

Conclusion. First Russian prospective study of TAVI with use of Acurate neo showed satisfactory hemodynamic characteristics, safety indicators and clinical efficacy of this device. Relative disadvantages of this non-repositionable valve could be generally overcome due to its distinctive features allowing precise planning, adequate navigation and accurate implantation.
Understanding the aqueous phases of alkali-activated slag paste under water curing
Authors: Zhu Xiaohong , Zhang Mingtao , Yang Yong , Yang Kai , Wu Fang , Li Qing , Yu Linwen , Yang Changhui , Basheer Muhammed
Published: September 2019

The chemical compositions of the aqueous phases in alkali-activated slag (AAS) paste and Portland cement (PC) paste were determined up to 28 d with the aim of obtaining a better understanding of the stability of the hydration products in the two binder systems. The saturation levels with respect to the hydration products of PC and AAS were obtained by thermodynamic modelling. The main findings of this study were: the effective saturation index for portlandite in the AAS system was always below zero and the sulfate-bearing phases were not stable in the AAS system compared with those in the PC; strätlingite and hydrotalcite phases were stable in the AAS paste due to the high magnesium and silicon concentrations in the pore solution; both the ionic strength and alkalinity of the AAS pore solution were higher than those of the PC pore solution, which were responsible for more severe efflorescence in the AAS paste and the higher conductivity of the AAS pore solution. According to thermodynamic estimations, tobermorite-based C–S–H was dominant in the AAS system after 7 d, while jennite-based and tobermorite-based C–S–H gels were present in the PC system up to 28 d. The results suggest that in PC and AAS pastes, different solid phases are formed during the hydration, which change with time, and the reactions and equilibria in both binders are completely different.
VU Biomolecular Multimodal Imaging Center (BIOMIC) kidney characterization pipeline for tissues collected through the Cooperative Human Tissue Network (CHTN) v1
Authors: Neumann Elizabeth , Allen Jamie , Brewer Maya , Anderson David , De Caestecker Mark , Gutierrez Danielle , Spraggins Jeff
Published: September 2019

We aim to develop high resolution, chemically informative imaginig methodologies for building an atlas of human organs, such as the kidney. Scope: Provide an overview of the methods used by the Vanderbilt Tissue Mapping Center as part of the Human Biomolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP, NIH Common Fund) and contextualize individual protocols within our larger workflow.
Impact of atypical forms of employment on theoretical concepts of the labor relation (case study of the norms regulating distance labor)
Authors: Chernykh N. V.
Published: September 2019

As the result of the active development of electronic (digital) technologies and the consequent change in the characteristics of labor as a social phenomenon the so-called atypical forms of employment emerged and spread. This trend is typical for both foreign countries and the Russian Federation. However, the lag in the legal regulation of atypical forms of employment in our country raises various problems of law enforcement. In turn, the need to understand the new properties of labor performed within the framework of atypical forms of employment, the analysis of the modification of classical features of labor relations developed by the domestic science of labor law represent the reason for the lack of the relevant legal regulation. The article attempts to trace such modification on the example of norms regulating distance work and enshrined in Chapter 49.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation with due regard to the emerging practice of their application.
Relief from criminal responsibility for damages
Authors: Blagov E. V.
Published: September 2019

The paper examines the problems arising in connection with relieving from criminal responsibility provided for in Art. 76.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (given its latest changes). The first of them refers to the title of the named article. The second problem concerns acts in the commission of which relief is possible. The third problem is the claim for damages as a condition for relief. The fourth problem is related to the nature of relief. The fifth problem is reflected in the procedural form of relief. In each case, the author suggests ways to resolve the identified problems.
Doctrinal issues of criminal responsibility in Russian criminal law
Authors: Barkhatova E. N.
Published: September 2019

The paper is devoted to determining the moment of criminal responsibility and its content. The positions existing in science and practice are analyzed. The point of view on the occurrence of criminal responsibility at the moment when a person is being charged with a crime is substantiated. This opinion is supported by an analysis of Art. 299 and 305 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The relationship between the characteristics of the subjective side of the crime and the emergence of criminal responsibility is demonstrated. The content of criminal responsibility has been examined both in the criminal law and in the criminal procedure aspect. The emergence and termination of criminal responsibility, as well as its content, are examined, inter alia, through the prism of the grounds for relief from it provided for in Sec. 11 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Other measures of a criminal legal nature have been studied as constituting criminal responsibility. The issue of the possibility or impossibility of including them in the content of criminal responsibility has been resolved. The classification of the components forming the content of criminal responsibility is proposed. The definition of criminal responsibility is formulated, which, according to the author, should be enshrined in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Legal regulation of smart contracts in France
Authors: Chub D. V.
Published: September 2019

The paper is devoted to the legal regulation of smart contracts in French law. The question of the admissibility of the use of smart contracts in economic relations is considered. Particular attention is given to the French legal doctrine in the issue of formulating the definition of “smart contract” and identifying its characteristic features, the various points of view of French legal scholars are compared. Examples of the most effective use of a smart contract in economic relations are given. The problems of applying contractual legal obligations and obligations of French law to smart contracts are considered. The importance of the oracle for the implementation of the smart contract and the features of its legal status under French law are disclosed.
Roman law and the development of legal science in S.A. Muromtsev’s concept
Authors: Batiev L. V.
Published: September 2019

The predominant interest of S.A. Muromtsev in Roman law and jurisprudence (legal thinking) in the 1870-1880s is due to their special role in the history of law and in the legal system of modern Europe, as well as the science of civil law. His research in this area was not so much historical as theoretical. It was works on Roman law that formed the S.A. Muromtsev’s scientific concept. Based on the analysis of the problem of the conservatism of Roman jurisprudence, S.A. Muromtsev, following R. Iering and contrary to the historical school, comes to the conclusion that the content of law is causally dependent on the needs of civil life and the activity of legal thinking (jurisprudence in the broad sense), formulating new standards in the struggle of ideas and goals. With this approach, along with economic and other factors of the development of society and its needs, to understand the development of law, it is important to study the properties of legal thinking in its historical development. The combination of historical and theoretical approaches to the study of law and legal thinking seems fruitful, but little realized in scientific practice.
Old English verbs of prohibition. Grammatical behaviour and class membership
Authors: Ojanguren López Ana Elvira
Published: September 2019

The aim of this article is to determine if the Old English verbs bewerian, forbēodan, foresacan, forwiernan, stīeran and tōcweþān constitute a unified class of prohibition. The theoretical model is provided by the framework of verb classes and alternations, as well as by Role and Reference Grammar. Class membership requires not only similar meaning components but also shared grammatical behaviour. While bewerian, forbēodan and forwyrnan are found in three syntactic configurations, and in the Nominalisation and Undergoer alternations, foresacan, stīeran and tōcweþān occur in one syntactic configuration only and do not take part in these alternations. The main conclusion of this article is that these verbs do not show a similar grammatical behaviour and, therefore, cannot be said to represent a consistent verbal class.Keywords: Old English; verb classes; alternations; Role and Reference Grammar
Augustine and Monica in the Abbotsford Legenda Aurea
Authors: Spencer Alice E.
Published: September 2019

The following piece will represent the first in-depth evaluation of the lives of Saint Augustine and his mother Monica in the as-yet unpublished Abbotsford manuscript, Bokenhamâ€™s long-lost translation of the Legenda Aurea, a text which survives in a single manuscript, purchased by Sir Walter Scott at Sothebyâ€™s in 1809, which had remained unattributed and unstudied until it was brought to the attention of Simon Horobin by the Faculty of Advocates in 2004 (Horobin 2008: 135). As a celebration of the remarkable piety of a wife and mother (as opposed to a virgin martyr), it is a highly unusual hagiographic text and would have presented a particularly accessible model of spirituality to the network of powerful lay female patrons by whom we know Bokenham to have been employed. I will argue that Bokenhamâ€™s vita espouses an incarnational Augustinian poetics which is at odds with the more ascetic, eremitical vision of the original Legenda Aurea.Keywords: Osbern Bokenham; Abbotsford Legenda Aurea; Augustine; Monica; hagiography
Colaboración interprofesional para el seguimiento odontológico prenatal en atención primaria de la salud
Authors: Bandeira Mirelle Varela Rodrigues , Belarmino Adriano Da Costa , Anjos Saiwori De Jesus Silva Bezerra dos , Silva Maria Rocineide Ferreira da , Ferreira junior Antonio Rodrigues
Published: September 2019

Con el objetivo de comprender las prácticas colaborativas al interior de los equipos interprofesionales para el seguimiento odontológico prenatal en atención primaria de la salud, se realizó un estudio cualitativo exploratorio descriptivo con trabajadores directamente implicados en el cuidado prenatal del municipio de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Para ello, entre junio y agosto de 2018, se llevaron a cabo 24 entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas en profundidad; la información obtenida se organizó aplicando el análisis temático, la fundamentación teórica y la interpretación se sustentan en la hermenéutica dialéctica. Los discursos revelaron tres categorías: percepciones profesionales acerca de la práctica colaborativa, desafíos de la colaboración interprofesional y prácticas de colaboración en el equipo. Se verificó una percepción favorable de los profesionales acerca de la colaboración interprofesional en el cuidado materno-infantil; sin embargo, en algunos casos, la práctica laboral interdisciplinaria dista de efectivizarse por la existencia de barreras que dificultan su concreción.
Automatic Tumor Segmentation With a Convolutional Neural Network in Multiparametric MRI: Influence of Distortion Correction
Authors: Bielak Lars , Wiedenmann Nicole , Nicolay Nils Henrik , Lottner Thomas , Fischer Johannes , Bunea Hatice , Grosu Anca-Ligia , Bock Michael
Published: September 2019

Precise tumor segmentation is a crucial task in radiation therapy planning. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are among the highest scoring automatic approaches for tumor segmentation. We investigate the difference in segmentation performance of geometrically distorted and corrected diffusion-weighted data using data of patients with head and neck tumors; 18 patients with head and neck tumors underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, including T2w, T1w, T2*, perfusion (ktrans), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements. Owing to strong geometrical distortions in diffusion-weighted echo planar imaging in the head and neck region, ADC data were additionally distortion corrected. To investigate the influence of geometrical correction, first 14 CNNs were trained on data with geometrically corrected ADC and another 14 CNNs were trained using data without the correction on different samples of 13 patients for training and 4 patients for validation each. The different sets were each trained from scratch using randomly initialized weights, but the training data distributions were pairwise equal for corrected and uncorrected data. Segmentation performance was evaluated on the remaining 1 test-patient for each of the 14 sets. The CNN segmentation performance scored an average Dice coefficient of 0.40 ± 0.18 for data including distortion-corrected ADC and 0.37 ± 0.21 for uncorrected data. Paired t test revealed that the performance was not significantly different (P = .313). Thus, geometrical distortion on diffusion-weighted imaging data in patients with head and neck tumor does not significantly impair CNN segmentation performance in use.
Test–Retest Performance of a 1-Hour Multiparametric MR Image Acquisition Pipeline With Orthotopic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Tumor Xenografts
Authors: Ge Xia , Quirk James D. , Engelbach John A. , Bretthorst G. Larry , Li Shunqiang , Shoghi Kooresh I. , Garbow Joel R. , Ackerman Joseph J. H.
Published: September 2019

Preclinical imaging is critical in the development of translational strategies to detect diseases and monitor response to therapy. The National Cancer Institute Co-Clinical Imaging Resource Program was launched, in part, to develop best practices in preclinical imaging. In this context, the objective of this work was to develop a 1-hour, multiparametric magnetic resonance image-acquisition pipeline with triple-negative breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). The 1-hour, image-acquisition pipeline includes T1- and T2-weighted scans, quantitative T1, T2, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) parameter maps, and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) time-course images. Quality-control measures used phantoms. The triple-negative breast cancer PDXs used for this study averaged 174 ± 73 μL in volume, with region of interest–averaged T1, T2, and ADC values of 1.9 ± 0.2 seconds, 62 ± 3 milliseconds, and 0.71 ± 0.06 μm2/ms (mean ± SD), respectively. Specific focus was on assessing the within-subject test–retest coefficient-of-variation (CVWS) for each of the magnetic resonance imaging metrics. Determination of PDX volume via manually drawn regions of interest is highly robust, with ∼1% CVWS. Determination of T2 is also robust with a ∼3% CVWS. Measurements of T1 and ADC are less robust with CVWS values in the 6%–11% range. Preliminary DCE test–retest time-course determinations, as quantified by area under the curve and Ktrans from 2-compartment exchange (extended Tofts) modeling, suggest that DCE is the least robust protocol, with ∼30%–40% CVWS.
Cubic-Spline Interpolation for Sparse-View CT Image Reconstruction With Filtered Backprojection in Dynamic Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Enjilela Esmaeil , Lee Ting-Yim , Wisenberg Gerald , Teefy Patrick , Bagur Rodrigo , Islam Ali , Hsieh Jiang , So Aaron
Published: September 2019

We investigated a projection interpolation method for reconstructing dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) heart images from undersampled x-ray projections with filtered backprojecton (FBP). This method may facilitate the application of sparse-view dynamic acquisition for ultralow-dose quantitative computed tomography (CT) myocardial perfusion (MP) imaging. We conducted CT perfusion studies on 5 pigs with a standard full-view acquisition protocol (984 projections). We reconstructed DCE heart images with FBP from all and a quarter of the measured projections evenly distributed over 360°. We interpolated the sparse-view (quarter) projections to a full-view setting using a cubic-spline interpolation method before applying FBP to reconstruct the DCE heart images (synthesized full-view). To generate MP maps, we used 3 sets of DCE heart images, and compared mean MP values and biases among the 3 protocols. Compared with synthesized full-view DCE images, sparse-view DCE images were more affected by streak artifacts arising from projection undersampling. Relative to the full-view protocol, mean bias in MP measurement associated with the sparse-view protocol was 10.0 mL/min/100 g (95%CI: −8.9 to 28.9), which was >3 times higher than that associated with the synthesized full-view protocol (3.3 mL/min/100 g, 95% CI: −6.7 to 13.2). The cubic-spline-view interpolation method improved MP measurement from DCE heart images reconstructed from only a quarter of the full projection set. This method can be used with the industry-standard FBP algorithm to reconstruct DCE images of the heart, and it can reduce the radiation dose of a whole-heart quantitative CT MP study to <2 mSv (at 8-cm coverage).
Changes in Transporters and Metabolizing Enzymes in the Livers of Rats with Bile Duct Ligation
Authors: Kawase Atsushi , Kazaoka Akira , Yamamoto Rei , Minakata Risa , Shimada Hiroaki , Iwaki Masahiro
Published: September 2019

Purpose: Bile duct ligation (BDL) in experimental animals is widely used as an animal model of liver cholestasis and fibrosis. The transcriptional process and plasma membrane localization of transporters are regulated by nuclear receptors and scaffold proteins, respectively. However, the detailed changes of these factors in the livers of BDL rats remain unclear. To clarify the effects of BDL on the levels of transporters and metabolizing enzymes, nuclear receptors, and scaffold proteins, we investigated changes in mRNA and protein levels of livers from BDL rats. Methods: Membrane proteins and microsomes were prepared from rats with BDL. The mRNA levels of transporters and nuclear receptors in livers of control and BDL rats were examined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels of transporters, metabolizing enzymes and scaffold proteins in membrane proteins and microsomes were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics. Results: Mdr1a mRNA was significantly decreased at 1 and 2 weeks of BDL. The mRNA levels of MRP2 were significantly decreased. The mRNA levels of nuclear receptors were significantly decreased in livers of 1-week BDL rats. The protein levels of P-gp were significantly increased by BDL. Regarding scaffold proteins, the protein levels of ezrin, moesin and EBP50 were significantly decreased at 2 weeks of BDL. The protein levels of radixin were significantly increased at 1 week of BDL. In 1-week BDL rats, the protein levels of metabolizing enzymes such as CYP and UGT were significantly decreased. Conclusions: This study reports the comprehensive changes of transporters, metabolizing enzymes, nuclear receptors, and ezrin/radixin/moesin proteins in the livers of BDL rats. The expression levels of nuclear receptors and radixin that regulate the transcription and localization of CYP and/or transporters were decreased by BDL.
The morbidity of drug addiction and its prevalence in the Kostroma region in 2005-2014
Authors: Pochitaeva Irina P.
Published: September 2019

During last ten years, prevalence of drug addiction in the Kostroma region increased up to 58.2% against the background of decreasing of this indicator up to 7.2% on national level. At that, primary morbidity decreased up to 46.8%. The level of primary drug morbidity in the Kostroma region is traditionally lower than in the Russian Federation (up to 2.5 times) and in the Central federal okrug (up to 2.9 times). The prognostic values of indicator of primarily registered cases of drug addiction in the region are rather optimistic against the background of demonstrated neat tendency to decreasing.