bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A High‐Resolution Tropical Mesoscale Convective System Reanalysis (TMeCSR)
Authors: Chan Man‐Yau , Chen Xingchao , Leung L. Ruby
Published: August 2022

Modern global reanalysis products have greatly accelerated meteorological research in synoptic‐to‐planetary‐scale phenomena. However, their use in studying tropical mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and their regional‐to‐global impact has mostly been limited to supplying initial and boundary conditions for MCS‐resolving simulations and providing information about the large‐scale environments of MCSs. These limitations are due to difficulties in resolving tropical MCS dynamics in the relatively low‐resolution global models and that tropical MCSs often occur over poorly observed regions. In this work, a Tropical MCS‐resolving Reanalysis product (TMeCSR) was created over a region with frequent tropical MCSs. This region spans the tropical Indian Ocean, tropical continental Asia, Maritime Continent, and Western Pacific. TMeCSR is produced by assimilating all‐sky infrared radiances from geostationary satellites and other conventional observations into an MCS‐resolving regional model using the Ensemble Kalman Filter. The resulting observation‐constrained high‐resolution (9‐km grid spacing) data set is available hourly during the boreal summer (June‐August) of 2017, during which widespread severe flooding occurred. Comparisons of TMeCSR and European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5) against independent satellite retrievals indicate that TMeCSR's cloud and multiscale rain fields are better than those of ERA5. Furthermore, TMeCSR better captured the diurnal variability of rainfall and the statistical characteristics of MCSs. Forecasts initialized from TMeCSR also have more accurate rain and clouds than those initialized from ERA5. The TMeCSR and ERA5 forecasts have similar performances with respect to sounding and surface observations. These results indicate that TMeCSR is a promising MCS‐resolving data set for tropical MCS studies.
A Calibration Method of Short‐Time Waveform Signals Passed Through Linear Time‐Invariant Systems: 1. Methodology and Simple Examples
Authors: Kitahara M. , Matsuda S. , Katoh Y. , Kojima H. , Kasahara Y. , Miyoshi Y. , Nakamura S. , Hikishima M.
Published: August 2022

We propose an accurate calibration method for short‐time waveform signals passed through a linear time‐invariant (LTI) system that has a non‐negligible group delay. Typically, the calibration process of waveform data is expressed by the deconvolution in the time domain, and there is an equivalent operation in the frequency domain with the Fourier transform. For the short‐time data, if the short‐time Fourier transform is applied to the waveform data in the calibration process, multiplying the data by a window function is highly recommended to reduce side‐lobe effects. However, the multiplied window function is also modified in the calibration process. We analyzed the modification mathematically and derived a method to eliminate the modification of the multiplied window function. In the method, calibrated data in the frequency domain are inverse‐transformed into waveform data at each frequency, divided by a modified window function at each frequency, and accumulated over the frequencies. The principle of this method derived quantitatively indicates that the calibration accuracy depends on the transfer function of the system, frequency resolution of the Fourier transform, type of the window function, and typical frequency of the waveform data. Compared with conventional calibration methods, the proposed method provides more accurate results in various cases. This method should be useful for the calibration of general radio wave signals passed through LTI systems as well as for the calibration of plasma waves observed in space.
Apoptotic caspase inhibits innate immune signaling by cleaving NF-κBs in both Mammals and Flies
Authors: Wu Di , Wang Zhaowei , Zhang Jing , Robinson Adam G. , Lyu Bao , Chen Ziyu , Wang Chong , Wei Bin , Xia Xiaojun , Zhang Qing , Zhou Xi
Published: August 2022

Host organisms use different innate immune mechanisms to defend against pathogenic infections, while tight control of innate immunity is essential for proper immune induction and balance. Here, we reported that apoptotic induction or caspase-3 overexpression caused dramatic reduction of differently triggered cytokine signalings in human cells, murine primary cells and mouse model, while the loss of caspase-3 or inhibiting apoptosis markedly enhances these immune signalings. Furthermore, caspase-3 can mediate the cleavage of NF-κB members p65/RelA, RelB, and c-Rel via its protease activity. And the caspase-3-resistant p65/RelA, RelB, or c-Rel mutant mostly restored the caspase-3-induced suppression of cytokine production. Interestingly, we further uncovered that apoptotic induction also dramatically inhibited Toll immune signaling in Drosophila, and the Drosophila effector caspases, drICE and DCP-1, also mediated the degradation of DIF, the NF-κB of Toll signaling. Together, our findings demonstrate apoptotic effector caspases, including mammalian caspase-3 and fly drICE/DCP-1, can function as repressors of NF-κB-mediated innate immune signalings.
Glycosylation defects, offset by PEPCK-M, drive entosis in breast carcinoma cells
Authors: Hyroššová Petra , Aragó Marc , Muñoz-Pinedo Cristina , Viñals Francesc , García-Rovés Pablo M. , Escolano Carmen , Méndez-Lucas Andrés , Perales Jose C.
Published: August 2022

On glucose restriction, epithelial cells can undergo entosis, a cell-in-cell cannibalistic process, to allow considerable withstanding to this metabolic stress. Thus, we hypothesized that reduced protein glycosylation might participate in the activation of this cell survival pathway. Glucose deprivation promoted entosis in an MCF7 breast carcinoma model, as evaluated by direct inspection under the microscope, or revealed by a shift to apoptosis + necrosis in cells undergoing entosis treated with a Rho-GTPase kinase inhibitor (ROCKi). In this context, curbing protein glycosylation defects with N-acetyl-glucosamine partially rescued entosis, whereas limiting glycosylation in the presence of glucose with tunicamycin or NGI-1, but not with other unrelated ER-stress inducers such as thapsigargin or amino-acid limitation, stimulated entosis. Mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-M; PCK2) is upregulated by glucose deprivation, thereby enhancing cell survival. Therefore, we presumed that PEPCK-M could play a role in this process by offsetting key metabolites into glycosyl moieties using alternative substrates. PEPCK-M inhibition using iPEPCK-2 promoted entosis in the absence of glucose, whereas its overexpression inhibited entosis. PEPCK-M inhibition had a direct role on total protein glycosylation as determined by Concanavalin A binding, and the specific ratio of fully glycosylated LAMP1 or E-cadherin. The content of metabolites, and the fluxes from 13C-glutamine label into glycolytic intermediates up to glucose-6-phosphate, and ribose- and ribulose-5-phosphate, was dependent on PEPCK-M content as measured by GC/MS. All in all, we demonstrate for the first time that protein glycosylation defects precede and initiate the entosis process and implicates PEPCK-M in this survival program to dampen the consequences of glucose deprivation. These results have broad implications to our understanding of tumor metabolism and treatment strategies.
Structural analysis of Red1 as a conserved scaffold of the RNA-targeting MTREC/PAXT complex
Authors: Foucher Anne-Emmanuelle , Touat-Todeschini Leila , Juarez-Martinez Ariadna B. , Rakitch Auriane , Laroussi Hamida , Karczewski Claire , Acajjaoui Samira , Soler-López Montserrat , Cusack Stephen , Mackereth Cameron D. , Verdel André , Kadlec Jan
Published: August 2022

To eliminate specific or aberrant transcripts, eukaryotes use nuclear RNA-targeting complexes that deliver them to the exosome for degradation. S. pombe MTREC, and its human counterpart PAXT, are key players in this mechanism but inner workings of these complexes are not understood in sufficient detail. Here, we present an NMR structure of an MTREC scaffold protein Red1 helix-turn-helix domain bound to the Iss10 N-terminus and show this interaction is required for proper cellular growth and meiotic mRNA degradation. We also report a crystal structure of a Red1-Ars2 complex explaining mutually exclusive interactions of hARS2 with various ED/EGEI/L motif-possessing RNA regulators, including hZFC3H1 of PAXT, hFLASH or hNCBP3. Finally, we show that both Red1 and hZFC3H1 homo-dimerize via their coiled-coil regions indicating that MTREC and PAXT likely function as dimers. Our results, combining structures of three Red1 interfaces with in vivo studies, provide mechanistic insights into conserved features of MTREC/PAXT architecture.
Automatic registration of urban high-resolution remote sensing images based on characteristic spatial objects
Authors: Chen Jun , Yu Zhengyang , Yang Cunjian , Yang Kangquan
Published: August 2022

Automatic registration of high-resolution remote sensing images (HRRSIs) has always been a severe challenge due to the local deformation caused by different shooting angles and illumination conditions. A new method of characteristic spatial objects (CSOs) extraction and matching is proposed to deal with this difficulty. Firstly, the Mask R-CNN model is utilized to extract the CSOs and their positioning points on the images automatically. Then, an encoding method is provided to encode each object with its nearest adjacent 28 objects according to the object category, relative distance, and relative direction. Furthermore, a code matching algorithm is applied to search the most similar object pairs. Finally, the object pairs need to be filtered by position matching to construct the final control points for automatic image registration. The experimental results demonstrate that the registration success rate of the proposed method reaches 88.6% within a maximum average error of 15 pixels, which is 28.6% higher than that of conventional optimization method based on local feature points. It is reasonable to believe that it has made a beneficial contribution to the automatic registration of HRRSIs more accurately and efficiently.
Characterization of antigens of Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) eggs
Authors: De Kostha Y. B. N. Sanduni , Pathirana Sisira L. , Handunnetti Shiroma M. , Gunawardena Sharmini
Published: August 2022

Enterobiasis (pinworm infection) caused by Enterobius vermicularis is a common parasitic infection prevalent worldwide especially in children. Infection is diagnosed by microscopic detection of E. vermicularis eggs on perianal swabs. This study aimed to characterize the antigens of E. vermicularis eggs as a preliminary step towards identifying diagnostic targets for detection in infected individuals. The study was conducted between October 2019 and February 2020, following approval from Ethics Review Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo (EC-19-034). E. vermicularis eggs were harvested from perianal swabs using acetone and purified with 1× PBS (pH 7.2). A portion of eggs was used for preparing antigen slides, while the rest were sonicated and vortexed with glass beads and inoculated subcutaneously (with weekly booster doses) into a Wistar rat for developing antibodies. Blood drawing from rat was done weekly for 5 weeks. Confirmation of the presence of antibodies was done by surface immunofluorescence against eggs on the antigen slides. Protein bands were determined using SDS-PAGE assay and immunogenic antigen bands were determined by reacting with antiserum after immunoblotting. The band sizes of the proteins were determined against corresponding bands of a protein ladder. Surface immunofluorescence was positive with serum obtained from day 14 post-inoculation from the Wistar rat as well as that obtained from a person with chronic enterobiasis. The most prominent and immunogenic protein bands identified from egg antigens were 21 kDa, 66 kDa, 83 kDa, 96 kDa, 112 kDa, 121 kDa, 140 kDa and 151 kDa. Methods used in this study were effective in obtaining E. vermicularis egg antigens which were immunogenic. Furthermore, surface antigens of intact eggs reacted with antibodies developed against crushed egg antigens. These findings may pave the way for the development of effective immunodiagnostics.
Rapidly predicting Kohn–Sham total energy using data-centric AI
Authors: Kurban Hasan , Kurban Mustafa , Dalkilic Mehmet M.
Published: August 2022

Predicting material properties by solving the Kohn-Sham (KS) equation, which is the basis of modern computational approaches to electronic structures, has provided significant improvements in materials sciences. Despite its contributions, both DFT and DFTB calculations are limited by the number of electrons and atoms that translate into increasingly longer run-times. In this work we introduce a novel, data-centric machine learning framework that is used to rapidly and accurately predicate the KS total energy of anatase$${\mathrm{TiO}}_2$$TiO2nanoparticles (NPs) at different temperatures using only a small amount of theoretical data. The proposed framework that we call co-modeling eliminates the need for experimental data and is general enough to be used over any NPs to determine electronic structure and, consequently, more efficiently study physical and chemical properties. We include a web service to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
3-D stacked polycrystalline-silicon-MOSFET-based capacitorless DRAM with superior immunity to grain-boundary’s influence
Authors: Lee Sang Ho , Park Jin , Min So Ra , Kim Geon Uk , Jang Jaewon , Bae Jin-Hyuk , Lee Sin-Hyung , Kang In Man
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a capacitorless one-transistor dynamic random access memory (1 T-DRAM) based on a polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor with the asymmetric dual-gate (ADG) structure is designed and analyzed through a technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation. A poly-Si thin film was used within the device due to its low fabrication cost and feasibility in high-density three-dimensional (3-D) memory arrays. We studied the transfer characteristics and memory performances of the single-layer ADG 1 T-DRAMs and the 3-D stacked ADG 1 T-DRAMs and analyze the reliability depending on the location and the number of grain-boundaries (GBs). The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the threshold voltages (Vth) is depending on the location and the number of GBs. The RSDs of the single-layer ADG 1 T-DRAM and the 3-D stacked ADG 1 T-DRAM are 1.58% and 0.68%, respectively. The RSDs of retention time representing the memory performances are 54.7% and 41%, respectively. As a result of the 3-D stacked structure, the averaging effect occurs, which greatly aids in improving the reliability of the memory performances as well as the transfer characteristics of 1 T-DRAMs depending on the influence of GBs. The proposed 3-D stacked ADG 1 T-DRAM helps implement a high-reliability single-cell memory device.
Study on generation, migration and accumulation of CO in the mining goaf of shallow-buried close distance coal seam group
Authors: Li Jianwei , Li Xintian , Chen Shijiang , Cao Jian , Gao Fei
Published: August 2022

There is complex air leakage in the mining of shallow buried close distance coal seam group, which affects the generation and migration of CO in the goaf, and easily leads to exceeding safety limits of CO in the return corner of the working face, which threatens the safety of underground production. To examine this problem, taking Lijiahao Coal Mine as an example, this study analyses the generation law of CO gas, the distribution law of overburden fractures, the characteristics of air leakage in the goaf, the sources of CO in the return corner, and the migration and accumulation law of CO in the goaf under multi-source air leakage in the mining of shallow buried close distance coal seam group through experiment tests, numerical simulations, observations and theoretical analyses. The results indicated that there is an exponential growth relationship between the CO generation rate and the coal temperature, and the critical temperature for rapid oxidation of coal samples is between 70 and 80 °C. The 31,115 working face has complicated air leakage from the working face and ground surface and the goaf of this coal seam. The surface air converges to the return corner through the mining fissure of overburden and 2–2 coal goaf, and the air leakage of the working face flows out from the return roadway through the goaf. The gas leakage in the overlying goaf and the oxidation of residual coal are the main sources of CO in the return corner. The CO generated during the coal mining process and the CO generated by the trackless rubber-tired vehicle operation will increase the CO concentration in the return corner to varying degrees. Under the effect of multi-source air leakage, CO from the overlying goaf and the residual coal in the goaf of this coal seam are migrated to the air return side of the goaf, resulting in the accumulation of CO in the return corner, and both of them have a linear positive correlation with the CO concentration in the return corner. The results of the study have scientific guidance for the control of air leakage and the prevention of CO excess in the goaf.
A rare potassium-rich zirconium fluorophosphonate with high Eu3+ adsorption capacities from acidic solutions
Authors: Zhang Jiarong , Chen Long , Chen Lanhua , Chen Lei , Zhang Yugang , Chen Changlun , Chai Zhifang , Wang Shuao
Published: August 2022

A crystalline zirconium fluorophosphonate with K+ as charge-balancing ions exhibits superior Eu3+ adsorption capacities under strongly acidic conditions.
The protein corona reduces the anticancer effect of graphene oxide in HER-2-positive cancer cells
Authors: Cui Lishan , Quagliarini Erica , Xiao Siyao , Giulimondi Francesca , Renzi Serena , Digiacomo Luca , Caracciolo Giulio , Wang Junbiao , Amici Augusto , Marchini Cristina , Pozzi Daniela
Published: August 2022

Schematic representation of the protein corona impact on GO anticancer effect.
DNA-assisted selective electrofusion (DASE) of Escherichia coli and giant lipid vesicles
Authors: Takamori Sho , Cicuta Pietro , Takeuchi Shoji , Di Michele Lorenzo
Published: August 2022

DNA-assisted selective electrofusion (DASE) combines the efficiency of standard electrofusion with the selectivity of DNA-mediated interactions. Here we apply DASE to induce the fusion between giant lipid vesicles and E. coli derived spheroplasts.
Correction: Solvent switching smart metal–organic framework as a catalyst of reduction and condensation
Authors: Rouhani Farzaneh , Gharib Behnam , Morsali Ali
Published: August 2022

Correction for ‘Solvent switching smart metal–organic framework as a catalyst of reduction and condensation’ by Farzaneh Rouhani et al., Inorg. Chem. Front., 2019, 6, 2412–2422, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9QI00714H.
Dipole-mediated exciton management strategy enabled by reticular chemistry
Authors: Wan Ruomeng , Ha Dong-Gwang , Dou Jin-Hu , Lee Woo Seok , Chen Tianyang , Oppenheim Julius J. , Li Jian , Tisdale William A. , Dincă Mircea
Published: August 2022

A strategy is designed to selectively block undesirable pathways in photophysical processes that consist of a mixture of Förster and Dexter energy transfer steps.
Three's a crowd – stabilisation, structure, and applications of DNA triplexes
Authors: Dalla Pozza Maria , Abdullrahman Ahmad , Cardin Christine J. , Gasser Gilles , Hall James P.
Published: August 2022

Triplex-forming oligonucleotides can target specific DNA sequences by binding in the duplex major groove. Chemical modifications and ligand binding have been explored, for use in a variety of biological applications.
Origin of the polychromatic photoluminescence of zeolite confined Ag clusters: temperature- and co-cation-dependent luminescence
Authors: Sun Li , Keshavarz Masoumeh , Romolini Giacomo , Dieu Bjorn , Hofkens Johan , de Jong Flip , Fron Eduard , Roeffaers Maarten B. J. , Van der Auweraer Mark
Published: August 2022

The temperature- and co-cation-dependent photoluminescence of zeolite confined Ag clusters was systematically investigated. Bright polychromatic emission and intriguing excited-state dynamics were observed and a kinetic model was proposed.
NMR investigation on the thermogelation of partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide/polyethylenimine mixtures
Authors: Ghriga Mohammed Abdelfetah , Khoukh Abdelouahed , Lebouachera Seif El Islam , Grassl Bruno
Published: August 2022

The literature knowledge on the crosslinking mechanisms between the various polymers (PAM, PHPA, and PatBA) and the crosslinker (PEI) was only limited to observations on gelation times and gel strength variations compared to other gel systems.
In situ imaging of lithium superoxide dynamics in an all-solid-state Li–O2 nanobattery
Authors: Tang Yongfu , Yang Tingting , Chen Jingzhao , Li Hui , Ye Hongjun , Du Congcong , Tang Yushu , Xia Meirong , Shen Tongde , Zhang Liqiang , Huang Jianyu
Published: August 2022

In situ imaging of LiO2 dynamics in LOBs with Au/CNT cathode was conducted by ETEM. During discharge, LiO2 formed from Li15Au4 seeds with stability for several minutes. The de-activation of Lifacilitates the nucleation and stabilization of LiO2.
Still Searching for Understanding: The Importance of Diverse Research Designs, Methods, and Perspectives
Authors: Elman Roberta J.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Evidence-based medicine and evidence hierarchies have been widely adopted and have strongly influenced decision making across many fields, including clinical aphasiology. However, questions remain about the creation, usefulness, and validity of current evidence hierarchies.

Aims:

This article builds on ideas about scientific approaches and evidence originally shared by Elman (1995, 1998, 2006). This article reviews the history of evidence hierarchies and argues that improving the diversity of research designs, methods, and perspectives will improve understanding of the numerous and complex variables associated with aphasia intervention. Researchers and clinicians are encouraged to synthesize diverse types of scientific evidence. It is hoped that this article will stimulate thought and foster discussion in order to encourage high-caliber research of all types.

Main Contribution:

Concepts from a wide variety of fields including philosophy of science, research design and methodology, and precision medicine are brought together in an attempt to focus research on the scientific understanding of aphasia treatment effects.

Conclusion:

It is hoped that by incorporating diverse research designs, methods, and perspectives, clinical aphasiologists will become better able to provide effective, personalized treatments, ensuring that each person with aphasia is able to improve their communication ability and quality of life.
A Hands-On Tutorial for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Example Data Set and Codes
Authors: Zhang Xiaojuan , Cheng Bing , Zhang Yang
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Systematic review and meta-analysis are regarded as standard and valuable tools for providing an objective and reproducible synthesis of research findings in the literature. Their increasing popularity has led to heightened expectations for comprehensiveness and rigor in conducting scientific reviews and analyses. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide an overview and guidance on how to address the key elements for conducting a high-quality systematic review with meta-analysis.

Method:

This tutorial describes practical guidelines to conduct systematic review and meta-analysis for researchers who are interested in learning and applying the method. Drawing on previous meta-analytic reviews of second-language learning as illustrative examples, it discusses the methodological choices and judgment calls in each step of the review and analysis process. As a hands-on tutorial, it uses a published data set concerning the role of talker variability in speech training studies as a running example to elucidate the statistical process and interpret the results of meta-analysis with freely available R software.

Results/Conclusions:

This tutorial provides a walk-through of the methodological choices, controversial issues, and common practices in conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The data set and R codes are offered as publicly accessible supplementary materials (
https://osf.io/e9bkf/
) for replication and practice, which we hope will motivate more applications in the speech, language, and hearing sciences field as well as behavioral and social sciences research in general.
Growth Effects on Velopharyngeal Anatomy Within the First 2 Years of Life
Authors: Kotlarek Katelyn J. , Levene Sierra , Piccorelli Annalisa V. , Barhaghi Krystle , Neuberger Ilana
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Limited quantitative data exist regarding growth of the velopharynx within the first 2 years of life. The purpose of this study was to (a) quantify changes in velopharyngeal structures due to growth during the first 2 years of life, (b) examine the impact of sex and race within this age range, and (c) provide normative measures for comparison to individuals with cleft palate.

Method/Description:

A retrospective chart review was completed of all patients up to 24 months of age that underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the head for medical necessity within the past 18 months using a three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence. Measurements of the velopharynx were obtained from 200 scans consistent with previous literature. Participants were divided into five groups based on corrected age for comparison. Variables of interest included adenoid depth, angle of origin, effective velopharyngeal ratio, effective velar length, levator veli palatini length, origin–origin distance, pharyngeal depth, sagittal angle, velopharyngeal ratio, velar insertion distance, velar length, and velar thickness.

Results:

Velopharyngeal dimensions were significantly different among corrected age groups after controlling for sex and race. Regarding age, analyses revealed significant differences in all variables of interest except effective velopharyngeal ratio. Regarding sex, significant differences were observed for angle of origin, effective velopharyngeal ratio, effective velar length, levator veli palatini muscle length, and velar insertion distance. Regarding race, a significant difference was only observed for angle of origin.

Conclusions:

Results of this study demonstrate growth of velopharyngeal anatomy in normative infants with race and sex effects apparent in children up to 24 months of age. Variable growth trends were observed among different velopharyngeal measures.
Medical image encryption algorithm based on hyper‐chaotic system and DNA coding
Authors: Li Mingzhen , Pan Shuaihao , Meng Weiming , Guoyong Wang , Ji Zhihang , Wang Lin
Published: August 2022

With the international development of the medical service informatisation, medical information sharing has become the key standard to measure the degree of medical informatisation. In this process, it is important to ensure the security of patients' medical information such as patients' records, examination reports, images and so on. In this article, an image encryption scheme based on Secure Hash Algorithm 3 (SHA‐3), DNA coding and high dimensional chaos system is proposed to promote the security level of medical images in information sharing processes such as over the network. First, SHA‐3 algorithm is used to calculate the hash value of the input image, and the result is taken as the initial value of the hyper‐chaotic system. Second, the intensity value of the input image is converted into a serial binary digital stream. Third, the pseudo‐random sequence generated by a 4‐dimensional hyper‐chaotic system is used to perturb the bit stream globally so as to achieve the purpose of hiding the effective information of the input image. During the operation of hyper‐chaotic sequence and DNA sequence, algebraic and complementary operations are performed on DNA encoding values to enhance encryption performance. Finally, simulations have been applied on an open‐source medical image database, and the results demonstrate obvious encryption effectiveness and high security level of the proposed encryption algorithm in the robustness of noise and clipping attacks.
Synthetic thermal convolutional‐memory network for the lithium‐ion battery behaviour diagnosis against noise interruptions
Authors: Li Marui , Dong Chaoyu , Wang Rui , Yu Xiaodan , Xiao Qian , Jia Hongjie
Published: August 2022

In order to meet the two global challenges of energy shortage and environmental pollution, various countries have begun to advocate the application of new energy equipment such as electric vehicles. This has also promoted the development of energy storage equipment and energy storage systems. With their high performance, lithium‐ion batteries are used in a wide range of electrical equipment. But the safety of lithium‐ion batteries depends on effective behaviour diagnosis. In order to better realise behaviour diagnosis, this paper combined the long and short‐term memory network (LSTM) with the temporal convolution network (TCN) for the first time and established a synthetic thermal convolutional‐memory network (STCMN) for lithium‐ion battery behaviour diagnosis against noise interruptions. In addition, a TCN‐LSTM alliance network structure is designed. The TCN‐LSTM alliance network is an effective architecture applied not only to the temperature prediction of Li‐ion batteries but also to the thermal diagnosis part. And these two parts finally constitute the thermal convolutional‐memory network. The experimental results show the network designed in this paper was able to improve Li‐ion battery behaviour detection.
Circumplanetary disk ices
Authors: Oberg N. , Kamp I. , Cazaux S. , Woitke P. , Thi W. F.
Published: August 2022

Context. The large icy moons of Jupiter formed in a circumplanetary disk (CPD). CPDs are fed by vertically infalling circumstellar gas and dust which may be shock-heated upon accretion. Accreted material is then either incorporated into moons, falls into the planet, or is lost beyond the disk edge on relatively short timescales. If ices are sublimated during accretion onto the CPD we know there must be sufficient time for them to recondense or moons such as Ganymede or Callisto could not form. The chemical timescale to form sufficiently icy solids places a novel constraint on the dynamical behaviour and properties of CPDs.

Aims. We aim to explore the process of ice formation in CPDs to constrain which disk properties (such as the mass, viscosity, and dust-to-gas ratio) are consistent with the formation of an icy moon system.

Methods. We use the radiation thermochemical code ProDiMo(Protoplanetary Disk Model) to analyze how the radial ice abundance evolves in CPDs. We consider different initial chemical conditions of the disk to explore the consequences of infalling material being inherited from the circumstellar disk or being reset to atomic conditions by shock-heating. We contrast the timescales of ice formation with disk viscous timescales and radial dust drift.

Results. We have derived the radial ice abundance and rate of ice formation in a small grid of model CPDs. Water ice can form very efficiently in the CPD from initially atomic conditions, as a significant fraction is efficiently re-deposited on dust grains within <1 yr. Radial grain drift timescales are in general longer than those of ice formation on grains. Icy grains of sizea <3 mm retain their icy mantles while crossing an optically thin circumstellar disk gap at 5 au forL*< 10L⊙.

Conclusions. Three-body reactions play an important role in water formation in the dense midplane condition of CPDs. The CPD midplane must be depleted in dust relative to the circumstellar disk by a factor 10-50 to produce solids with the ice to rock ratio of the icy Galilean satellites. The CPD snowline is not erased by radial grain drift, which is consistent with the compositional gradient of the Galilean satellites being primordial.
A branch-and-price algorithm for a routing and scheduling problem from economic and environmental perspectives
Authors: Luo Hongyuan , Dridi Mahjoub , Grunder Olivier
Published: August 2022

This paper addresses a routing and scheduling problem from two different perspectives: economic and environmental. From economic perspective, we aim to optimize the vehicle routing plan to reduce the operating cost, but from environmental perspective, we aim to optimize the vehicle routing and speed decisions to reduce the carbon emissions. This research can provide two different decision plans under these two different perspectives, and the comparison of the results from the two different perspectives will be very meaningful and helpful to the logistics decision-makers. We formulate the problem using two mixed-integer programming (MIP) models with different objectives. However, this problem is very challenging, with medium-sized instances already difficult for the MIP solver. In order to solve it with larger scale instances, we propose an exact branch-and-price (BAP) algorithm. The BAP algorithm relies on efficiently solving the pricing sub-problem with different objectives. We design two different tailored labeling algorithms to solve it. Extensive computational experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed BAP algorithm, comparing with the MIP formulation solved by CPLEX with a time limit of 2 h.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Remote C–H Bond Functionalization of Cyclic Amines
Authors: Chen Weijie , Yang Xiaoyu , Cao Xi
Published: August 2022

C–H bond functionalization is one of the most effective strategies for the rapid synthesis of cyclic amines containing substituents on the ring, which are core structures of many bioactive molecules. However, it is much more challenging to perform this strategy on remote C–H bonds compared to the α-C–H bonds of cyclic amines. This graphical review aims to provide a concise overview on transition-metal-catalyzed methods for the remote C–H bond functionalization of cyclic amines. Examples are categorized and demonstrated according to mechanistic pathways that initiate the reactions of cyclic amine substrates. Where relevant, selected substrate scope and detailed reaction mechanisms are given.
Triple-Arterial Cannulation Approach for Whole-Body Perfusion in Infant Hypoplastic Aortic Arch and Coarctation Repair
Authors: Liebrich Markus , Schweder Marco , Seeburger Joerg , Voth Vladimir
Published: August 2022

Organ and end-organ protection in aortic arch surgery represents a substantial challenge, especially in infants. Selective antegrade cerebral perfusion has been reported to improve organ function during this procedure. Visceral perfusion can be optimized by cannulation of the descending aorta during infant aortic arch surgery, leading to a decrease in end organ damage. However, it is associated with extensive surgical manipulation and subsequent risk of major vessel and potential organ damage. In this report, we describe a technique for distal body perfusion in an infant with hypoplastic aortic arch and isthmus stenosis by ultrasound-guided cannulation of the femoral artery using an intra-arterial vascular sheath establishing whole-body perfusion by triple cannulation.
Effect of Preoperative Parameters on Outcomes of Lumbar Microdiscectomy: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Mehendiratta Dhanish , Patel Pratik , Bhambhu Vivek , Chaudhary Kshitij , Dalvie Samir
Published: August 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of preoperative variables on outcomes after minimally invasive lumbar microdiscectomy.

Materials and Methods This study was done from January 2019 to May 2020. This included medical records of all patients who were diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation and treated surgically by microdiscectomy. The medical records of such patients from January 2016 to January 2018 were included in this study. Postoperative outcomes were analyzed by Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analog scale (VAS) leg, and VAS back scores, that were noted at preoperative, immediate postoperative, 6 months postoperative, and 1 year after operation. Difference in each outcomes score was calculated postoperatively with respect to the preoperative readings. Minimal clinically important difference was further calculated for each outcome score.

Results On analyzing the ODI, VAS leg, and VAS back scores across various age groups, genders, body mass indexes, addictions, comorbidities, preoperative epidural steroid injection and physiotherapy, and levels of disc herniation, and it was found that there was no statistically significant difference across these categories. However, the ODI scores (∼ ODI) at all time points showed greater difference in the younger age group, that is, 18 to 30 years, males, nonsmokers, those with symptom duration of less than 6 weeks, and with disc herniation at L3 to L4.

Conclusion The findings of this study will help to properly counsel patients with regard to the factors mentioned above so as to set realistic expectations, to help improve the outcomes, and for appropriate surgical decision making, that is, at which point should a surgical intervention be made.
Management of Acute Liver Failure: Update 2022
Authors: Tujios Shannan , Stravitz R. Todd , Lee William M.
Published: August 2022

Abbreviated pathogenesis and clinical course of the acute liver failure syndrome. The pathogenesis and clinical course of the syndrome of acute liver failure (ALF) differs depending upon the etiology of the primary liver injury. In turn, the severity of the liver injury and resulting synthetic failure is often the primary determinant of whether a patient is referred for emergency liver transplantation. Injuries by viral etiologies trigger the innate immune system via pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), while toxin-induced (and presumably ischemia-induced) injuries do so via damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The course of the clinical syndrome further depends upon the relative intensity and composition of cytokine release, resulting in an early proinflammatory phenotype (SIRS) and later compensatory anti-inflammatory response phenotype (CARS). The outcomes of overwhelming immune activation are the systemic (extrahepatic) features of ALF (cardiovascular collapse, cerebral edema, acute kidney injury, respiratory failure, sepsis) which ultimately determine the likelihood of death.

Acute liver failure (ALF) continues to carry a high risk of mortality or the need for transplantation despite recent improvements in overall outcomes over the past two decades. Optimal management begins with identifying that liver failure is indeed present and its etiology, since outcomes and the need for transplantation vary widely across the different etiologies. Most causes of ALF can be divided into hyperacute (ischemia and acetaminophen) and subacute types (other etiologies), based on time of evolution of signs and symptoms of liver failure; the former evolve in 3 to 4 days and the latter typically in 2 to 4 weeks. Both involve intense release of cytokines and hepatocellular contents into the circulation with multiorgan effects/consequences.

Management involves optimizing fluid balance and cardiovascular support, including the use of continuous renal replacement therapy, vasopressors, and pulmonary ventilation. Early evaluation for liver transplantation is advised particularly for acetaminophen toxicity, which evolves so rapidly that delay is likely to lead to death.

Vasopressor support, high-grade hepatic encephalopathy, and unfavorable (subacute) etiologies heighten the need for urgent listing for liver transplantation. Prognostic scores such as Kings Criteria, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, and the Acute Liver Failure Group prognostic index take these features into account and provide reasonable but imperfect predictive accuracy. Future treatments may include liver support devices and/or agents that improve hepatocyte regeneration.
Diagnosis, Diagnostic Tools, and Risk Stratification for Contemporary Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Remillard Taylor C. , Kodra Arber , Kim Michael
Published: August 2022

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is quite common and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that it is the cause of approximately 100,000 annual deaths in the United States. With great variability in presenting symptoms of PE, poor recognition of PE can be fatal. As such, many risk scores have been created to identify the sickest patients. Choosing the appropriate imaging modality is also critical. Invasive pulmonary angiography was once the gold standard to establish the diagnosis. With the advent of nuclear imaging, V/Q scans, invasive angiography has been phased out for diagnosing acute PE. At present, the standard for diagnosis of acute PE is computed tomography pulmonary angiography. In select patient cohorts, nuclear studies remain the modality of choice. Once the diagnosis of acute PE is established, there is a broad spectrum of severity in outcome which has led to substantial focus and development of risk stratification prediction models. We will discuss making the proper diagnosis with contemporary diagnostic tools and risk stratifying patients with PE to receive the correct treatment.
Nanomolding nanowires for high throughput screening of topological materials
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: August 2022

Current nanofabrication techniques for topological materials are limited by material and desired structure, but nanomolding may provide a framework to overcome these challenges.
‘A quieter world’
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: August 2022

Metamaterial can simultaneously block sound and vibrations at tunable frequencies.
Effect of driving frequency on new filament generation in atmospheric-pressure pulsed radio-frequency discharges
Authors: Du M. Q. , Ding Z. F.
Published: August 2022

Side discharges as well as filament clusters in atmospheric pressure pulsed radio-frequency dielectric barrier discharges were manipulated by varying the driving frequency, monitored with voltage and current probes, imaged with a slow camera, and quantified by gray-value analysis. Results show that the way of producing a new filament varies with the driving frequency. Based on the side discharge and filament-cluster structure, the key factors influencing the variation are discussed in terms of the electron trapping effect, activation-inhibition effect, and electric field distribution.
Optimal transport and control of active drops
Authors: Shankar Suraj , Raju Vidya , Mahadevan L.
Published: August 2022

Understanding the complex patterns in space–time exhibited by active systems has been the subject of much interest in recent times. Complementing this forward problem is the inverse problem of controlling active matter. Here, we use optimal control theory to pose the problem of transporting a slender drop of an active fluid and determine the dynamical profile of the active stresses to move it with minimal viscous dissipation. By parametrizing the position and size of the drop using a low-order description based on lubrication theory, we uncover a natural “gather–move–spread” strategy that leads to an optimal bound on the maximum achievable displacement of the drop relative to its size. In the continuum setting, the competition between passive surface tension and active controls generates richer behavior with futile oscillations and complex drop morphologies that trade internal dissipation against the transport cost to select optimal strategies. Our work combines active hydrodynamics and optimal control in a tractable and interpretable framework and begins to pave the way for the spatiotemporal manipulation of active matter.
Simulation of plasma transport in MPS-LD linear plasma device by using BOUT++
Authors: Wang Yue , Sang Chaofeng , Li Nami , Huang Yao , Zhang Yanjie , Sun Changjiang , Bian Yu , Zhu Aimin , Wang Dezhen
Published: August 2022

A linear plasma device (LPD) module based on the 2D transport module under the BOUT++ framework is developed in this paper to simulate plasma transport in the LPD. The LPD module includes three parts, i.e. magnetic field calculation, simulation mesh generation and plasma transport setup. The magnetic field is calculated with the circular current loop using the location and current information of each coil. The mesh generation code can produce a simulation mesh for LPD by employing the magnetic field. The plasma transport model is based on the reduced Braginskii equations, which consist of the continuity equation, momentum equation, and energy equation. The fluid neutral model is applied for neutral particle simulation. Deuterium (D) and helium (He) ions and atoms can be simulated by the model. The first attempt to simulate plasma transport in the new LPD, called multiple plasma simulation linear plasma device (MPS-LD), is presented using the developed model. TheDplasma transport in the MPS-LD is simulated and benchmarked against the two-point model, showing the validation of the BOUT++ simulation. The effects of radial transport on the heat load to the target are studied, which illustrates the significant impact of the radial diffusivitiesD⊥andχ⊥i,eon the plasma. Moreover, the He impurity injection process during the discharge is studied with emphasis on plasma–impurity interactions. The simulation results show that He injection can reduce the plasma energy load to the target significantly, and the efficiency depends on the He source density and injection velocity. The present work provides an alternative and flexible simulation tool for plasma transport in LPDs.
Semiconductor technologies and related topics for implementation of electronic reservoir computing systems
Authors: Kasai Seiya
Published: August 2022

Reservoir computing (RC) is a unique machine learning framework based on a recurrent neural network, which is currently involved in numerous research fields. RC systems are distinguished from other machine learning systems since detailed network designs and weight adjustments are not necessary. This enables the availability of many device and material options to physically implement the system, referred to as physical RC. This review outlines the basics of RC and related issues from an implementation perspective that applies semiconductor electron device technology. A possible interpretation of RC computations is shown using a simple model, and the reservoir network is understood from the viewpoint of network theory. Physical implementation and operation issues are discussed by referring to our experimental investigation of dynamic nodes using a semiconductor tunnel diode with cubic nonlinearity.