bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Central bank digital currencies: experience of pilot projects and conclusions for the NBU
Authors:   State Institution ", Shapoval Yuliia ,   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine"
Published: May 2021

An overview of the definitions of central bank digital currency (CBDC), formulated by researchers of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), the Bank of England, is presented, and the essence of the CBDC is revealed. It is stated that the existing electronic money is a digital form of obligations of financial intermediaries, and CBDC is a form of emission and obligations of central banks. The types and forms of CBDC are generalized, namely: retail or wholesale, account-based or token-based ones. The structure and functionality of the register, payment authentication, access to infrastructure, and governance are defined as factors taken into account during CBDC designing. Similar models of launching national CBDC by the Bank of England (economy-wide access or financial institutions access, and financial institutions plus CBDC backed narrow bank access) and BIS (direct, indirect, hybrid) are under consideration. The synthetic CBDCs are marked as a theoretical concept of CBDC. The overview of projects of the People's Bank of China – "e-renminbi", the Central Bank of the Uruguay – "e-peso", the Central Bank of the Bahamas – "sand dollar" and the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank affirm the interest of developing countries in launching national retail CBDCs. It was found that apart from the Riksbank with the successful "e-krona" project, most of the monetary authorities of developed countries (BIS, Bank of Japan, Bank of Canada, Deutsche Bank, FRS) are just planning or starting to experiment with the issuance of digital securities, which demonstrates their concern about the restructuring of the banking system and the changes of global role of traditional currencies. Among the positive consequences of the introduction of CBDC for the domestic banking system are the emergence of an alternative payment instrument, the implementation of effective monetary policy through increased influence on interest rates, and regulation of the legal regime of crypto currencies. At the same time, the introduction of CBDC involves certain changes in financial intermediation (replacement of the deposits of commercial banks with the CBDC, the performance of functions inherent to commercial banks by the central bank or fintech companies), and will require powerful technical capabilities, including those related to protection from cyber risks. The results of the study point to the need for a cautious approach to the implementation of the Ukrainian CBDC only after the NBU assesses the public demand for new forms of money and the impact of the launch of CBDC models on price and financial stability, and compares available payment technologies that can achieve the same goals as the CBDC.
Characterization of the biodegradation of synthetic and organic wastewater in an anaerobic tank reactor using microalgae
Authors: Magyar Tamás , Werle Vogel Felipe , Tóth Florence , Nagy Attila , Tamás János , Nagy Péter Tamás
Published: May 2021

The anaerobic digestion is a well-known method in waste management of biodegradable wastes to transform waste to energy. Proper digestion requires optimal fermentation conditions to improve the quality and yield of biogas.

The objective of this study was to characterize the biodegradation process of synthetic and organic wastewater. Microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) were utilized as a bioindicator for anaerobic digestion and monitoring of the fermentation process. Besides bioindication, the viability of the microalgae and the chlorophyll concentration were also assessed in such fermentation processes, since microalgae can be a potential source for biofuel production and a plant nutrient.

The biodegradation process was studied for a month in an anaerobic tank reactor. The fermentation processes and lengths of the fermentation stages were successfully monitored and separately identified based on the pH and gas development. Furthermore, the amount and dynamics of the biogas yield also revealed that the fermentation process was about 510 hours in both cases. In contrast, increased temperature in thermophilic range (45°C) accelerates the degradation processes and resulted in shorter hydrolysis (60 hours), acetogenesis (24 hours) and longer methanogenesis (81 hours) stages, where higher biogas yield was also achieved (59.3%). During the process, the concentration of nutrients showed logarithmical tendencies and COD showed power tendency in time. The extent and the direction of the changes were in correspondence with microalgae activity. In thermophilic circumstances, living microalgae biomass dropped significantly without recovery therefore such an environment is not a viable option for microalgae growth. Moreover, dead microalgae biomass seems to act as a substrate for fermentation slightly increasing the concentration of some nutrients in the wastewater.
Sliding mode control of a servo system in LabVIEW: Comparing different control methods
Authors: Kiss János Máté , Szemes Péter Tamás , Aradi Petra
Published: May 2021

The main contribution of this paper is to present the efficiency of LabVIEW in simulating and controlling a servo system with conventional methods (PI and PID control), as well as sliding mode control (SMC). The control of an actual system with LabVIEW and NI hardware provides an efficient implementation platform, using both LabVIEW’s graphical programming and the text-based m-file language MathScript RT. Both programming environments and the connection to NI hardware are relatively easy to use, therefore, ideal for education. The graphical “coding” can help novice users to see through their algorithms. However, the mathematical background of sliding mode control is difficult compared to conventional PID control; the SMC implementation for practical uses can be quite simple, as the presented example demonstrates. The first didactic step is a simulation with the Control Design and Simulation, as well as MathScript RT Modules. Then a myRIO Student Embedded Device is used to control a real servo system. LabVIEW code can be compiled to run on computers, (soft) real-time targets, and FPGAs (hard real-time targets), so students can easily and quickly step up to real industrial measurement and control problems without the need to learn new programming environments.
Rediscovery and genetic confirmation of the Threeridge Mussel, Amblema plicata (Say, 1817) (Bivalvia, Unionidae), in the Choctawhatchee River, Florida, USA
Authors: Patterson Lauren N. , Geda Susan R. , Johnson Nathan A.
Published: May 2021

Recent freshwater mussel research has resulted in rediscovery of several species presumed extinct. We report the rediscovery of Amblema plicata (Say, 1817) in 2019 from the Choctawhatchee River, Florida, USA. Amblema plicata has not been reported in the Choctawhatchee river basin since 1958, more than 61 years ago. This species was collected during the long-term monitoring of freshwater mussels in Florida streams. We provide genetic confirmation of our voucher identification using a DNA barcoding approach and discuss potential risks to A. plicata populations in the Choctawhatchee river basin.
Flows with collective dynamics on a sphere
Authors: Прус Андрій , Пришляк Олександр , Гурака Софія
Published: May 2021

In this article different properties of flow codes are studied and a diagram is constructed as a whole topological invariant of them. In particular, flows with no more than 6 saddles are described. Two types of simple bifurcations: positive and negative – are considered as well. Summarizing the results on compact surfaces with boundary remains an interesting question for future works.
Mandibular orthopedic advancement in different facial patterns and distinct stages of skeletal maturation
Authors: SILVA Fernando Penteado Lopes da
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT The Herbst appliance can be very effective in treatment of Class II patients with mandibular retrognathism. Because of the continuous action in a full-time basis, treatment time using it normally takes from six to ten months, and is usually followed by a second phase of full fixed appliances, in order to obtain both occlusal refinement and long term stability. Despite Herbst appliance’s effectiveness in the occlusal and dentoalveolar perspectives, its facial results may differ among patients with different growth patterns, as well as in distinct stages of skeletal maturation. In the current paper, two patients with different facial patterns are presented, who were treated under the same protocol, using Herbst and full fixed appliances in different skeletal maturation stages, and both dentoalveolar and facial results are compared and discussed.
Teleducação em fissura labiopalatina: elaboração de website
Authors: Picinato-Pirola Melissa , Ribeiro Marilia Gabriela Gonçalves , Magalhães Raíssa Gomes , Seles Thiago Pestillo , Corrêa Camila de Castro
Published: May 2021

RESUMO Objetivo elaborar um website de cunho educacional sobre fissura labiopalatina para profissionais e estudantes da área da saúde. Métodos trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, exploratório, estruturado a partir da proposta de design instrucional, composta por quatro fases: análise e planejamento (busca nas bases científicas), modelagem (estruturação com o conteúdo, ilustrações e questionário), avaliação (por especialistas que atuam na área) e implementação (disponibilização do website). Resultados na fase de análise e planejamento foram encontrados 408 artigos para estruturar os tópicos do website. Na modelagem, o conteúdo foi dividido em 7 seções, criadas 16 imagens estáticas e um questionário avaliativo. Na fase de avaliação, participaram 10 fonoaudiólogas especialistas que sugeriram a manutenção de 7 seções no website. Todas as avaliações com sugestões de modificações que tiveram índice de concordância abaixo de 90% foram atendidas, tanto no conteúdo, como no questionário. Após, o website foi reformulado, assim como o questionário, para futura avaliação dos usuários. O website está disponibilizado em www.fissuralabiopalatina.unb.br. Conclusão por meio da sistemática do design instrucional, o website sobre fissuras labiopalatina foi constituído para a orientação de estudantes, profissionais da área da saúde e população em geral.
An analytical approach to evaluate the effective coefficients of piezoelectric composites
Authors: Singh Sanjeev Kumar , Panda Saroja Kanta
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the effective coefficients of piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composites are determined through two micromechanics methods. The exact solutions are derived to predict the effective electro-elastic coefficients with modifications in the conventional strength of materials approach and strain energy approach to account for the effects of fiber packing arrangements and orientations on these properties. A representative volume element subjected to a mechanical loading in the longitudinal direction to the fiber and an electrical loading in the transverse direction to the fiber is used to model the problem mathematically and derive the results. The effective elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric coefficients are estimated by these two methods, and the results are compared with those predicted by the strength of materials method of the literature. From the results, it is observed that results obtained for the elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric coefficients by the strength of materials method and modified strength of materials method are in good agreement with each other in a useful range of fiber volume fractions, while the results obtained through the energy approach shows some deviations when compared with previously stated two methods. The strength of actuation capabilities in the direction longitudinal to the fiber shows significant improvements in the results obtained with the strain energy approach compared with those of the other two micromechanics methods.
Gilles Chamerois: Obituary
Authors: Chorier-Fryd Bénédicte
Published: May 2021

The life and works of Gilles Chamerois (1966-2021).
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL AND ELECTROACOUSTIC ASSESSMENT OF HEARING IN INDIVIDUALS WITH NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1
Authors: Fontanelli Raquel , Fernandes Nathalia , Silva Gabriela , Aragão Marcelo , Pinho Ricardo , Gil Daniela
Published: May 2021

Background

Type 1 neurofibromatosis occurs in 1 in every 3,000 individuals, representing 90% of cases of neurofibromatosis. Hearing impairments are not commonly described as an alteration resulting from the pathology; however, sensorineural hearing losses with retrocochlear characteristics may occur as a result of the presence of acoustic neurinomas.

Objectives

To assess the electrophysiological and electroacoustic hearing characteristics of individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1.

Material and methods

We assessed 15 patients, 10 females and 5 males, aged between 9 and 31 years, using the following procedures: pure tone audiometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, contralateral suppression of otoacoustic emissions, and brainstem auditory evoked potentials.

Results

All individuals presented auditory thresholds within normal limits. The mean amplitude of the general responses of otoacoustic emissions in the right and left ears were 11.8 and 12.8 dB, respectively; the suppression effect of otoacoustic emissions was present in 73.3% for the right ear and 66.7% for the left. For brainstem auditory evoked potentials, we obtained mean wave latencies for the right and left ears respectively of wave I: 1.83 and 1.80 ms, III: 4.08 and 4.15 ms, and V: 5.96 and 6.09 ms.

Conclusions

Individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 present auditory thresholds within normal limits, present transient otoacoustic emissions, the nonsystematic presence of the suppression effect of otoacoustic emissions and prolonged latencies in brainstem auditory evoked potentials.
Nitroglycerin transcutaneous patch: boon to salvaging post-operative partial flap necrosis, simple and effective method
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of surgery, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, MP, India, Malviya Dr. Manohar K. , Soni Dr. Sameer ,   Assistant Professor, Department of surgery, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, MP, India, Gupta Dr. Dipangi ,   Junior Resident, Department of surgery, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, MP, India
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The majority of surgical complications after tissue transfer surgery (Localtransposition of the fasciocutaneous flap, Pedicle flap, Free flap or musculocutaneous flap) arerelated to vascular thrombosis, which usually occurs within 3 days of surgery. Venous congestionusually results in oedema and darkening of the skin colour. During early venous obstruction, aneedle stick will cause rapid bleeding of dark blood and arterial obstruction or spasm will causedelayed bleeding. Patients and methods: This is prospective study was carried out during theperiod from January 2018 to February 2021 at the Plastic surgery unit-Chirayu Medical College AndHospital Bhopal, India. This study included patients aged 13 to 70 years undergoing reconstructivesurgery with flaps (Fasciocutaneous Pedicle flap, Free flap, local transposition flap ormusculocutaneous flap) for the wounds at any part of the body. The NTG patch was applied over thecutaneous surface of the compromised flap and then flap insufficiency was observed. Results: Inthis study total of 50 patients with flaps reconstruction were included. Among which 34 %( 17patients) had skin changes and 66 % (33 patients) had congested bleed on needle prick. NTGpatches were applied on the flap surface at regular intervals. After 1 week follows up, the changes in82% (41) flaps were reversed back and the flap remained healthy. 18% (nine) flaps had partial andor complete necrosis. Conclusion: There was a marked reduction in partial flap necrosis in patientswho received nitroglycerin patch. The flap survival was significantly improved and prevents the re-exploration of flaps. Their application is a simple, safe, and effective way to help salvage the flaps.
Epipactis exilis előkerülése a Börzsönyből
Authors: Balázs Pintér , Tímár Gábor
Published: May 2021

2020. augusztus 21-én Börzsönyben a Szén-patak mentén, bükkösben, egy időszakos vízfolyás szélén előkerült hét tő Epipactis exilis. A faj hazánkban igen ritka, fokozottan védett, a börzsönyi az ötödik ismert lelőhelye. Új a hegység flórájára.
Új Epipactis fajok a Vértes flórájában
Authors: Riezing Norbert
Published: May 2021

Célirányos kutatás eredményeként 2020-ban a Vértes flórájára nézve három új nőszőfű-faj került elő: Epipactis pontica Taubenheim, Epipactis moravica Batoušek, Epipactis pseudopurpurata Mered’a. Mindhárom idős, üde bükkös vagy bükkelegyes állományból.
Callus Induction and Regeneration from Germinating Mature Embryos of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Tamimi Samih M. , Othman Halima
Published: May 2021

A high-performance protocol for callus induction was devised using germinating mature embryos of two local wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces as explant. The results showed that callus development from germinating embryos was rapid starting one day after culture with an induction rate 20 to 25% higher than those of soaked embryos. In addition, the mean rate of growth of callus developed from germinating embryos was 60 to 70% higher than those cultured from soaked embryos. This study also demonstrated a higher frequency of green spots formation(48 to 56%)on callus derived from germinating embryos compared to their soaked counterpart (24 to 28%), suggesting a better differentiation potential of callus cultures derived from germinating embryo. These findings indicate that germinating mature embryo is more suitable explant for wheat callus induction and regeneration than the soaked mature embryo commonly employed for wheat callus culture.
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Improves Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Myocardial Toxicity in Mice
Authors: Liu Xianchu , Li Sha , Chen Ruyan , Li Yue , Peng Huan , Liu Ming
Published: May 2021

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important pathogenic factor for sepsis which results in cardiovascular diseases and even mortality. Proanthocyanidin, one of the main components in grape seed, has a wide range of biological activities in various diseases. The mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection with LPS. Grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) was administered continuously for 8 days. Our results showed that pre-treatment of GSP dramatically ameliorated the level of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to defend against LPS-induced myocardial toxicity (p<0.01). Moreover, pre-treatment of GSP significantly mitigated the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP-2) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) to inhibit LPS-induced myocardial fibrosis (p<0.01). In addition, pre-treatment of GSP significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities to improve the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (p<0.01). Lastly, pre-treatment of GSP relieved tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) activities to prevent inflammatory responses (p<0.01).
Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Anti Proliferative Studies in Different Extracts of Artocarpus kemando Miq. Bark
Authors: Mohd Yazid Noor Shafifiyaz , Mohd Hashim Najihah , Mohd Ali Hapipah , Go Rusea
Published: May 2021

In this study, the stem bark of Artocarpus kemando was used to find alternative antioxidants from natural sources with fewer side effects. A. kemando wasextracted successively using hexane, chloroform and methanol solvents, and evaluated for antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antiproliferative activities. The extracts were investigated for determination of their total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Then, the antioxidant activities were evaluated using chemical based assays such as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total antioxidant capacity, radical scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothia zoline-6-sulphonic) (ABTS), β-carotene-linoleic acid (BC) assay, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and cell based assay. The cytotoxic study was done using four different cell lines namely human estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer cell line (MCF7), human ovarian cancer cell line (CAOV-3), human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL60), and normal immortalised human ovarian surface epithelial cell line (TI074), and were evaluated using microculture tetrazolium salt (MTT) before morphological change study was done on CAOV-3 cell. In this study, methanol extract displayed the most promising antioxidant activity compared to other extracts when tested with DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, TAOC, BC,ORAC, and cytoprotective assays. The remarkable activity showed by the methanol extract might be due to its high content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds at 855.5 ± 0.01 GAE μg/mL and 145.45 ± 0.06 QAE μg/mL, respectively. Nevertheless, the chloroform extract displayed better scavenging activity compared to other extracts with IC50 value of 618 ± 0.04 μg/mL in DPPH assay. Each extract was analysed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry and the chemical constituents obtained were then analysed. In the cytoprotective activity, the methanol extract showed a comparable cytoprotection with ascorbic acid against the free radicals at the lowest effective concentration (EC50) value of 21.48 μg/mL. However, in the cytotoxicity study, only chloroform extract displayed significant toxicity against the cancer cells with IC50 value of 27.9 ± 0.03, 24.1 ± 0.02 and 9.0 ± 0.04 μg/mL after treatment at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. The chloroform extract of A. kemando was found capable of inducing apoptosis as shown with cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation and formation of apoptotic bodies. The results obtained from the study showed that A. kemando bark could be a potential antioxidant and antitumor agents particularly on human ovarian cancer cells.
Kesan Penyahasidan dan Penambahan Perisa Lemon terhadap Ciri Antioksidan Ekstrak Mengkudu
Authors: Ahmad Khorairi Ain Nadiah Sofiah , Hashim Haslaniza , Maskat Mohamad Yusof
Published: May 2021

Ekstrak mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) mempunyai kesan yang baik terhadap kesihatan. Namun begitu, pengambilannya masih terhad kerana rasa masam serta bau ekstrak mengkudu yang tidak digemari oleh pengguna. Penggunaan kaedah penyahasidan dan penambahan bahan perisa dilihat dapat mengurangkan rasa masam buah mengkudu tetapi kesan kepada ciri-ciri antioksidan masih tidak diketahui. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk menentukan kesan penyahasidan dan penambahan 0, 4 dan 8% perisa lemon terhadap ciri antioksidan ekstrak mengkudu. Analisis yang dijalankan ke atas ekstrak mengkudu adalah penilaian nilai pH, ujian jumlah kandungan fenol (TPC), ujian penangkapan radikal bebas (DPPH) dan ujian kuasa penurunan ferik (FRAP). Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa nilai pH meningkat secara signifikan (p<0.05) setelah dinyahasid. Manakala, nilai TPC, DPPH dan FRAP ekstrak mengkudu pula menurun secara signifikan (p<0.05) setelah dinyahasid. Penambahan bahan perisa lemon ke dalam sampel ekstrak mengkudu ternyahasid, tidak memberikan perubahan signifikan pada nilai pH, TPC, DPPH dan FRAP. Secara keseluruhannya, rawatan penyahasidan membantu mengurangkan keasidan ekstrak mengkudu tetapi penambahan bahan perisa lemon tidak memberikan kesan signifikan kepada ciri antioksida ekstrak mengkudu.
Prestasi Mekanik Korona Zirkonia Monolitik melalui Kaedah Unsur Terhingga
Authors: Mohd Kasmani Mohamad Najib , Amat Noor Faeizah , Meor Ahmad Meor Iqram , Muchtar Andanastuti
Published: May 2021

Dalam kajian ini, prestasi mekanik korona zirkonia monolitik bagi aplikasi dental dikenal pasti melalui analisis kaedah unsur terhingga (FEM) iaitu analisis terma dan analisis beban mekanikal. Zirkonia ialah bahan restorasi dental yang semakin meluas digunakan kerana mempunyai sifat bioserasi dan estetik yang baik berbanding bahan lain. Oleh itu, tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti ketebalan korona zirkonia monolitik yang mampu menahan kitaran beban yang dikenakan, mengenal pasti kesan kitaran perubahan suhu pada struktur korona dengan ketebalan berbeza dan mengenal pasti perhubungan antara kitaran beban dan kitaran terma pada korona gigi zirkonia monolitik melalui simulasi FEM. Model 3D reka bentuk berbantu komputer (CAD)korona zirkonia monolitik dengan ketebalan 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 dan 0.9 mm telah dijana melalui kaedah imbasan tomografi berkomputer. Kitaran beban yang dikenakan adalah 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 dan 800 N manakala kitaran terma pula dikenakan perubahan suhu antara 5 sehingga 55 °C. Justeru, gabungan analisis ini melalui simulasi FEM menggambarkan persekitaran mulut yang lebih realistik dan kompleks terhadap prestasi korona zirkonia monolitik bagi aplikasi dental. Hasil simulasi FEM mendapati bahawa ketebalan 0.8 dan 0.9 mm merupakan ketebalan yang paling selamat kerana menerima tekanan Von Mises paling sedikit berbanding ketebalan lain. Namun, ketebalan 0.5 mm juga masih mampu menahan beban mekanikal dan perubahan suhu yang dikenakan tetapi berisiko untuk mengalami keretakan.
Coherent Mortality Model in A State-Space Approach
Authors: Mohd Nor Siti Rohani , Yusof Fadhilah , Norrulashikin Siti Mariam
Published: May 2021

Mortality improvements that have recently become apparent in most developing countries have significantly shaped queries on forecast divergent between populations in recent years. Therefore, to ensure a more coherent way of forecasting, previous researchers have proposed multi-population mortality model in the form of independent estimation procedures. However, similar to single-population mortality model, such independent approaches might lead to inaccurate prediction interval. As a result of this inaccurate mortality forecasts, the life expectancies and the life annuities that the mortality model aims to generate is underestimated. In this study, we propose another new extension of the multi-population mortality model in a joint estimation approach by recasting the model into a state-space framework. A combination of augmented Li-Lee and O’Hare-Li methods are employed, before we transform the proposed model into a state-space formulation. In addition, this study incorporates the quadratic age effect parameter to the proposed model to better capture the younger ages mortality. We apply the method to gender and age-specific data for Malaysia. The results show that our latter framework brings a significant contribution to the multi-population mortality model due to the incorporation of joint-estimate and quadratic age effect parameters into the model’s structure. Consequently, the proposed model improves the mortality forecast accuracy.
Evaluation of Safety Performance of Level Crossings in Turkey with Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Yıldız Kürşat , Kınacı Harun
Published: May 2021

Level crossing, also known as railroad and highway crossings, pose a risk to those who use both modes of transport due to collisions that may occur. This risk associated with level crossings is of great importance both in Turkey and in the world. In this study, data envelopment analysis was performed on the accident data occurring on five types of level crossings in Turkey and a measurement of safety performances of level crossings in Turkey was provided. As a result of the analysis, the most efficient three-level crossings were found to be Hilal-Bandırma in Manisa, Samsun-Kalın in Amasya_1, and Samsun-Kalın in Amasya_2. In addition, a linear regression model that serves with the variables which are the components of level crossing and the number of accidents is established. In this model, it is seen that the ratio of independent variables to dependent variables was statistically significant.
New Group Chain Acceptance Sampling Plans (NGChSP-1) using Minimum Angle Method for Generalized Exponential Distribution
Authors: Pawan Teh Mohd Azri , Aziz Nazrina , Zain Zakiyah
Published: May 2021

The established group chain acceptance sampling plans (GChSP-1) functions with five acceptance criteria, while the modified group of chain acceptance sampling plans (MGChSP-1) operates with three acceptance criteria. Since the acceptance criteria affect the performances of the sampling plans, therefore, this article suggests a balanced approach by introducing a new group of chain acceptance sampling plans (NGChSP-1), where it functions with four acceptance criteria. The NGChSP-1 is developed by using minimum angle method which caters for producer’s and consumer’s risks. The generalized exponential distribution is selected as the lifetime distribution and the simulation for the NGChSP-1 is conducted at various values of design parameters using the Scilab programming. The finding shows that the optimal number of groups and the corresponding smallest theta for NGChSP-1 are smaller compared to those for the GChSP-1. For illustration purposes, the NGChSP-1 is then applied to real data of air conditioning equipment.
Managing COVID-19 Pandemic in Teaching Hospitals: An Early Preparedness Setting
Authors: Mohammed Nawi Azmawati , Aizuddin Azimatun Noor , Hod Rozita , Ahmad Norfazilah , Daud Faiz , Salleh Sharifah Azura , Kori Najma , Periyasamy Petrick , Hassan Mohd Rohaizat , Harunarashid Hanafiah , Jusoff Kamaruzaman , Arifin Mohd Afiq
Published: May 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the 2019-20 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic on 11th of March 2020. The Ministry of Health, Malaysia has made preparations for the involvement of all government hospitals, including some teaching hospitals. This report elaborates and discusses the early establishment of the Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre (HCTM CPRC), highlighting how teaching hospitals function in handling the clinical and epidemiological management of COVID-19 among hospital staff. The setting comprises of four critical functions of the HCTM CPRC, namely case investigation, close contact tracing, surveillance for data reporting and risk communication. This report highlighted that a CPRC in teaching hospitals benefits not only the patients and the hospital administration but also all hospital staff, especially in managing COVID-19 pandemic emergency crisis.
DIALECTISMS IN NASIMI’S WORKS AND THEIR INTEGRATION INTO TURKIC LANGUAGES
Authors: Huseynova M. N.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, dialectic lexemes, which is the part of the vocabulary of an outstanding poet Imadaddin Nisami’s, are analyzed. He played the great role in the development of the Azerbaijani language of the XIV–XV centuries. Based on the folk texts and the works of his famous predecessors Khagan, Nizami, leading representatives of the Middle East poetry, Nasimi himself, knowing and skillfully using all the meanings and forms of classical poetry, gave a new freshness to the literature of his epoch, created poetic texts which have being highly appreciated till our days. The outstanding poet realized his responsibility as a craftsman in the history of the standard Azerbaijani language, also used dialectic words for the creation of certain stylistic effects and enriching the vocabulary of the language. Being the master of his talent, he was able to express very subtle and deep philosophical meaning. The comprehensive investigation of his literary heritage with rich and varied vocabulary and its integration into Turkic languages is one of the urgent task which the modern Turkology faces. In this sense his every line and verse is the challenge for any reader who is far from the East poetry, Islamic religion eastern theology and mythology.

Undoubtedly, the scope of an article is beyond the scope of exploring this great and relevant topic. But this paper is the first attempt to investigate and comment the integration of the dialectic words into Nasimi’s literary heritage and also the integration of these lexems into turkic languages. It is analyzed also the peculiarities of reflexive pronounce (oz, kendi) and their usage in all Turkic languages.
FIGURATIVE FEATURES OF THE TRANSFORMATION CONCEPT IN THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Zvonko H. O.
Published: May 2021

The article reveals the features of the figurative component as an active resource of linguistic objectification of the TRANSFORMATION concept. It was found that conceptual metaphor is the main mechanism of conceptualization of the idea of transformation. Metaphorical models are universal, but their specific content reflects the difference between real and mythological, possible or imaginary transformation. The study of the TRANSFORMATION concept through the prism of a metaphorical environment is due to the fact that it is abstract.

The source for the formation of metaphors is the knowledge about animate and inanimate nature. Describing the phenomena of transformation, the native speaker of the Ukrainian language correlates them with what he already knows, and the characteristic on which the similarity is based, indicates the existence of a certain parallelism between the known and the unknown. These are the general grounds for revealing the figurative features of the TRANSFORMATION concept.

The description of the main models of realization of figurative resources of the TRANSFORMATION concept in the Ukrainian language allowed to find that figurative means of the studied concept which make peripheral zone of its field structure, in the Ukrainian language are realized by means of the following eight models: vital-mortal, anthropomorphic, artefactual-attributive, zoomorphic, vegetative, colorative, spatial-temporal and model, the object or subject of which is the first elements of existence. The vital-mortal model is formed by vital and mortal features, which reveal the representations of the TRANSFORMATION concept in the human consciousness in the form or image of a living being. The anthropomorphic model is formed by social, emotional and mental features that characterize the phenomenon of transformation.
Political speeches in translation: an outstanding Churchill
Authors: Mykhailenko O. О.
Published: May 2021

This paper deals with the problems related to the translation of a political speech as a genre of political discourse, with the aim to investigate the translation solutions used to achieve the pragmatic equivalence of the original and translation texts. The theoretical framework of the article has been equivalence-based translation studies by the prominent scholars in the field. The paper starts by outlining the oratory style features that should be a guide for the translator of political texts. Special research attention is paid to W. Churchill’s oratory style, with the focus on the linguo-argumentative strategies that he used to persuade the audience. Consideration of the theoretical framework is followed by the contrastive analysis of the Ukrainian- and Russian-language translations of one of W. Churchill’s most influential speeches – “Their Finest Hour”. The paper highlights the translation solutions used by the Ukrainian and Russian translators in rendering W. Churchill’s unique expressive style. The translation techniques in Ukrainian and Russian versions of the speech have been compared, with the view to trace the cross-linguistic variations in translation techniques and to determine whether the Ukrainian and Russian translators succeeded in conveying the strong emotional impact that W. Churchill’s speech had on the audience. The paper concludes with summarising the appropriateness of the translation techniques in achieving the pragmatic equivalence of the original and translation texts. The research results prove that rendering political speeches is not just a matter of their faithful translation. It is a matter of understanding background cultural, historical and political situations, what influences the choice of translation solutions.
IS THE TRANSLATION — HELL FOR THE IDENTITY OF THE ORIGINAL (BASED ON RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE TRANSFORMATIONS OF I. DRACH’S POETRY)
Authors: Mykhnitska I. V.
Published: May 2021

Translation is the cornerstone of many scientific studies. This is a multifaceted niche in the literature, because translation studies as a phenomenon is due to the ambivalence of perception and judgment. Many writers and literary critics have substantiated this topic in their research. For example, M. Rylsky, R. Gromiak, A. Tkachenko, M. Lanovyk.
This paper focuses on only one aspect of the mainstream, namely the study of translation from a related language, as it seems that this type of text reproduction may cause less difficulty compared to translation from distant languages, but de facto hide many obstacles on the way to the perfect metamorphosis of the components of the text.

Through I. Drach’s interpretations it is possible to trace the uniqueness of his idiosyncrasy within the colorfulness of the Ukrainian language and linguistic realities.

Purpose: to investigate the comparative aspect on the material of Russian-language transformations of I. Drach’s poetry: comparison of art worlds, receptive strategies of narrators, the role of translations and the mediating language between the author and the recipient.

According to the set purpose the following tasks are allocated: make a comparative analysis of I. Drach’s poetry and its Russian-language transformations; to investigate the level of completed translations, distinguishing between positive and negative aspects; to define the role of «pseudo-friends of translators», creolisms, untranslatable realities and translation compensations in interpretations of Ukrainian-language poems; to investigate whether the translation tries to preserve the so-called spirit of the original, whether it adapts the poetry to the level of another language, thinking, national psychology; determine the extent to which the balance between the transformation of architecture, rhythmic melodies, associative, metaphorical and symbolic systems of the original is preserved.
Digital rights persons carrying out a preliminary investigation
Authors: Pershin A. N.
Published: May 2021

The emergence of the Internet and intangible digital objects of value to humans led to the proclamation of the concept of “digital human rights” in civil substantive law. In criminal procedure law this term is not absent. In this case, the investigator collects information about the circumstances to be proved in a criminal case under the conditions of digitalization of all human life processes. The Internet network has combined a large number of data sets of government agencies, commercial organizations, and individuals. The investigator’s access to these data sets and their study would allow optimizing the investigator’s activities by quickly collecting the necessary information for the criminal case and using it as evidence. To this end, the article gives the concept of” digital rights “ of an investigator, suggests an approach to creating such rights in criminal procedure legislation, and defines the problems of organizing the collection of criminally significant information from public and private information systems on the Internet.
Substitution of concepts and competencies in the conclusions of forensic experts on «medical cases» as a negative trend in expert, investigative and judicial practice
Authors: Kalinin R. E. , Barinov Ye. Kh. , Komissarova Ya. V.
Published: May 2021

. The conclusion of the Commission of forensic medical examination plays a key role in revealing the signs of the objective side of iatrogenic crimes. The notion of the defect of medical care in the legislation is absent, and in theory and in practice has not developed a unified approach to establish causality and its nature (direct or indirect). Due to the lack of necessary legal regulation in expert and legal practice, a number of customs have been formed that do not meet the requirements for the formation of a scientifically based private forensic methodology for investigating crimes and the purpose of criminal proceedings. The article describes the most common errors that have a negative impact on the process of investigation and resolution of socalled “medical cases”, due to which there is either an excessive accusatory or clearly exculpatory bias, which prevents the adoption of fair and reasonable procedural decisions. Ways to improve the methods of investigation of iatrogenic crimes, including the organization of forensic medical examinations in this category of cases, are proposed.
Effectiveness of early rehabilitation techniques in programs of accelerated recovery of patients after surgical interventions
Authors: Korchazhkina Natalia B. , Mikhailova Anna A. , Kovalev Sergey A. , Portnov Vadim V. , Rzhevsky Valentin S.
Published: May 2021

The article presents the data of scientific research on the effectiveness of the combined use of early rehabilitation methods to improve the results of accelerated recovery after surgery with early activation of the patient.
Effect of acceptance and commitment-based counseling on smoking cessation and quality of life
Authors: EVLİ Mahmut , ŞİMŞEK Nuray
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effect of acceptance and commitment-based counseling on smoking cessation and quality of life in Turkish society.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial with experimental design with 35 individuals including 17 in the intervention group and 18 in the control group. The data of the study were collected using the Personal Information Form, SF-36 Quality of life Questionnaire, and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). 6 sessions of acceptance and commitment-based counseling was given to the intervention group including 1 session per week for 6 weeks.
Results: The intervention and control groups had similar demographic characteristics. It was determined that there was a significant decrease in the mean number of cigarettes a day and FTND intervention follow-up measurement mean scores after the intervention and in the follow-up measurements in the intervention group and this decrease was significantly lower than the mean number of cigarettes per day by the participants in the control group. In the intragroup evaluation of SF-36 Quality of Life subscale scores of the intervention group, significant score increases were observed in all subscales other than physical role functioning, pain, and emotional role functioning.
Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment-based counseling was found to be effective in smoking cessation and quality of life in Turkish society. This study provide useful evidence-based information for healthcare professionals in the nursing practice.
Obsesif kompulsif bozuklukta serum doğal antioksidan düzeyleri
Authors: DEMİR Bahadır , GÜMÜŞLÜ Aslıhan , ŞAHİN Şengül , ELBOGA Gulcin , ALTINDAĞ Abdurrahman
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada obsesif kompulsif bozukluk (OKB) hastalarında ürik asit, albümin, total bilirubin ve gamma glutamil transferaz (GGT) gibi serumda ölçülebilen oksidatif stres ile ilişkili basit laboratuvar parametrelerini sağlıklı kontroller ile karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Gaziantep Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Psikiyatri polikliniğinde DSM-5 kriterlerine göre OKB tanısı ile tedavi edilen hastalar alınmıştır. OKB tanısı konulan 117 hasta ve hasta grubu ile demografik veriler ile eşleşebilecek 80 kişi sağlıklı kontrol grubu olarak alındı. Hasta ve kontrol grubu serum ürik asit, albümin, total bilirubin ve GGT açısından karşılaştırıldı. Hastaların klinik özellikleri Yale Brown Obsesyon Kompulsiyon Ölçeği (Y-BOCS) ve Klinik Global İzlenim Şiddet Ölçeği (KGI-S) ile değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Hasta grubu yaş ortalaması 36.68±13.06 iken kontrol grubunun 35.54±8.82’di. Total bilirubin düzeyine bakıldığında hasta grubunda 0.69±2.19 mg/dL ve kontrol grubunda 0.63±0.47 mg/dL olmakla birlikte gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık vardı. GGT düzeyi hasta grubunda 22.85±15.80 U/L ve kontrol grubunda ise 19.29±11.52 U/L olmakla birlikte gruplar arasında anlamlı fark yoktu.

Sonuç: Hastalar bilirubin dışında doğal antioksidan açısından kontrollerden farklı değildi. Çalışmamızdaki bulgular OKB ile ürik asit, albümin ve GGT arasında nedensel bir ilişki olduğunu desteklememektedir.
Yağ doku kaynaklı mezenkimal kök hücrelerin ve koşullu besiyerinin deneysel prematür over yetmezliği modeli üzerine etkileri
Authors: ŞEN HALICIOĞLU Büşra , TUĞLU Mehmet İbrahim
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Kemoterapi kaynaklı prematür over yetmezliği (POY) tedavisi için önerilebilecek yağ doku mezenkimal kök hücreleri (YDMKH) ve bu hücrelerden elde edilmiş koşullu besiyerinin (KB) oksidatif stres ve apoptoz üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlandı.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada Wistar albino cinsi erişkin dişi sıçanlar 4 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol, POY, POY+YDMKH, POY+KB. Ovaryumda histopatolojik değerlendirmeler için H&E boyamaları yapıldı ve tüm ovaryum folilkülleri sayıldı. Oksidatif stres ve apoptoz belirteci olarak iNOS ve Caspase3 ekspresyonları immunohistokimyasal olarak gösterildi.

Bulgular: Analizler sonucu POY grubu ovaryumlarında foliküller hücre dejenerasyonları, vakuolizasyon, gibi dejenerasyonlar gözlenirken, YDMKH ve KB gruplarında bu dejenerasyonlarda anlamlı azalmalar görüldü. POY grubunda artmış olan iNOS ve Caspase3 ekspresyonları YDMKH ve KB gruplarının her ikisinde de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde azaldı.

Sonuç: Rejeneratif tıp alanında her geçen gün kullanımı artan mezenkimal kök hücrelerin ve hücresiz koşullu besiyerinin prematür over yetmezliğinde hastalığın temel mekanizmalarından olan apoptoz ve oksidatif stresin azaltılması yoluyla, POY için alternatif bir tedavi stratejisi olabileceği gösterildi.
Evaluation of outpatient cancer patients’ use of nonpharmacological methods in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
Authors: ERGİN Eda , SAĞKAL MİDİLLİ Tülay , AKDAĞ Eda , KIRGÖZ Ceyda
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate nonpharmacological methods in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting by outpatient cancer patients.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the outpatient chemotherapy unit of Hafsa Sultan Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, with 251 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. The study data were collected using the Patient Information Form and the Nausea Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).

Results: Of the patients, 88% (n=221) experienced nausea and vomiting before chemotherapy. The mean score of these patients from the VAS was moderate (5.24 ± 1.84). Of the patients, 82.1% (n=206) used nonpharmacological methods to prevent nausea and vomiting. According to their statements, of the patients who used nonpharmacological methods, 83.5% (n = 172) took hot and cold showers, 50.5% (n = 104) drank herbal teas, 35% (n = 72) had massage.

Conclusion: The severity of nausea was moderate. Most of the patients used nonpharmacological methods. Of these methods, the one used most frequently was taking hot and cold showers. It is recommended that nurses should guide and encourage patients to use evidence-based nonpharmacological methods.