bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interferon γ and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 regulate adhesion formation after partial hepatectomy
Authors: Ohashi K , Yoshimoto T , Kosaka H , Hirano T , Iimuro Y , Nakanishi K , Fujimoto J
Published: February 2014

Background

The pathophysiology of intra-abdominal adhesions has not been studied extensively. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying adhesion formation in a murine model and in patients undergoing hepatectomy.

Methods

Partial hepatectomy was performed using bipolar forceps in mice. Wild-type mice, antibodies to CD4 and interferon (IFN) γ, IFN-γ, natural killer T (NKT) cells and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 1 knockout (KO) mice were used. Recombinant hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was tested for its ability to prevent adhesions. Liver specimens were obtained during surgery from patients undergoing hepatectomy. Adhesion formation was evaluated using a scoring system that ranged from 0 (no adhesions) to 5 (severe adhesions). Levels of IFN-γ and PAI-1 mRNA, and protein concentration of PAI-I were measured, and fluorescence immunostaining was performed.

Results

Adhesion formation depended on IFN-γ produced by NKT cells, and NKT KO mice developed few adhesions (mean(s.d.) 1·7(0·3) versus 4·6(0·4) in wild-type mice; P = 0·037). In wild-type mice, the level of PAI-1 mRNA increased after hepatectomy, followed by a decrease in the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) mRNA level. Adhesion formation was inhibited completely in PAI-1 KO mice (0(0) versus 4·1(0·8) in wild-type mice; P = 0·002). HGF inhibited formation of abdominal adhesions after hepatectomy by reducing IFN-γ and PAI-1 levels, and increasing tPA levels compared with those in mice treated with phosphate-buffered saline (P < 0·001, P = 0·002 and P = 0·035 respectively). In human liver specimens, NKT cells accumulated in the liver after hepatectomy, and PAI-1 expression was increased 5·25-fold (P = 0·030).

Conclusion

IFN-γ is a key molecule for abdominal adhesion formation after hepatectomy, acting via the reciprocal balance of PAI-1 and tPA. This molecular mechanism may also regulate adhesion formation in patients following hepatectomy. HGF inhibited formation of adhesions by regulating IFN-γ and PAI-1, suggesting that it may be an important target for prevention of adhesions after hepatectomy.
Bio‐organic reaction animations (BioORA): Student performance, student perceptions, and instructor feedback
Authors: Gunersel Adalet Baris , Fleming Steven
Published: February 2014

Research shows that computer animations are especially helpful in fields such as chemistry and in this mixed‐methods study, we investigate the educational effectiveness of Bio‐Organic Reaction Animations (BioORA), a 3‐D software, in four undergraduate biochemistry classes at different universities. Statistically significant findings indicate that students performed better on a quiz completed after a lesson with BioORA than after a lesson with regular teaching methods in three out of four classes. Ratings on several survey items completed after experiencing BioORA, including items related to interest, value, and ability, were higher in two classes. Surveys and one‐on‐one interviews reveal instructor and student experiences with the software as well as the utility of various software features, which can be adopted in other programs. Instructors and students provide suggestions to maximize BioORA's benefits as an educational tool and findings suggest the importance of multiple forms of information to enhance student understanding and reach students with various learning preferences. © 2014 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(3):XXXXX–XXXXX, 2014.
A Revaluation of the Cultural Dimension of Disability Policy in the European Union: The Impact of Digitization and Web Accessibility
Authors: Ferri Delia , Giannoumis G. Anthony
Published: February 2014

Reflecting the commitments undertaken by the EU through the conclusion of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), theEuropean Disability Strategy 2010–2020not only gives a prominent position to accessibility, broadly interpreted, but also suggests an examination of the obligations for access to cultural goods and services. TheEuropean Disability Strategy 2010–2020expressly acknowledges that EU action will support national activities to make sports, leisure, cultural and recreational organizations and activities accessible, and use the possibilities for copyright exceptions in the Directive/29/EC (Infosoc Directive). This article discusses to what extent the EU has realized the principle of accessibility and the right to access cultural goods and services envisaged in the UNCRPD. Previous research has yet to explore how web accessibility and digitization interact with the cultural dimension of disability policy in the European Union. This examination attempts to fill this gap by discussing to what extent the European Union has put this cultural dimension into effect and how web accessibility policies and the digitization of cultural materials influence these efforts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of the DnaK chaperone on the conformational quality of JCV VP1 virus‐like particles produced in Escherichia coli
Authors: Saccardo Paolo , Rodríguez‐Carmona Escarlata , Villaverde Antonio , Ferrer‐Miralles Neus
Published: February 2014

Protein nanoparticles such as virus‐like particles (VLPs) can be obtained by recombinant protein production of viral capsid proteins and spontaneous self‐assembling in cell factories. Contrarily to infective viral particles, VLPs lack infective viral genome while retaining important viral properties like cellular tropism and intracellular delivery of internalized molecules. These properties make VLPs promising and fully biocompatible nanovehicles for drug delivery. VLPs of human JC virus (hJCV) VP1 capsid protein produced in Escherichia coli elicit variable hemagglutination properties when incubated at different NaCl concentrations and pH conditions, being optimal at 200 mM NaCl and at pH range between 5.8 and 7.5. In addition, the presence or absence of chaperone DnaK in E. coli cells influence the solubility of recombinant VP1 and the conformational quality of this protein in the VLPs. The hemagglutination ability of hJCV VP1 VLPs contained in E. coli cell extracts can be modulated by buffer composition in the hemagglutination assay. It has been also determined that the production of recombinant hJCV VP1 in E. coli is favored by the absence of chaperone DnaK as observed by Western Blot analysis in different E. coli genetic backgrounds, indicating a proteolysis targeting role for DnaK. However, solubility is highly compromised in a DnaK− E. coli strain suggesting an important role of this chaperone in reduction of protein aggregates. Finally, hemagglutination efficiency of recombinant VP1 is directly related to the presence of DnaK in the producing cells. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:744–748, 2014
Production of Chlorella vulgaris as a source of essential fatty acids in a tubular photobioreactor continuously fed with air enriched with CO2 at different concentrations
Authors: Ortiz Montoya Erika Y. , Casazza Alessandro A. , Aliakbarian Bahar , Perego Patrizia , Converti Attilio , de Carvalho João C. Monteiro
Published: February 2014

To reduce CO2 emissions and simultaneously produce biomass rich in essential fatty acids, Chlorella vulgaris CCAP 211 was continuously grown in a tubular photobioreactor using air alone or air enriched with CO2 as the sole carbon source. While on one hand, nitrogen‐limited conditions strongly affected biomass growth, conversely, they almost doubled its lipid fraction. Under these conditions using air enriched with 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16% (v/v) CO2, the maximum biomass concentration was 1.4, 5.8, 6.6, 6.8, and 6.4 gDB L−1 on a dry basis, the CO2 consumption rate 62, 380, 391, 433, and 430
L−1 day−1, and the lipid productivity 3.7, 23.7, 24.8, 29.5, and 24.4 mg L−1 day−1, respectively. C. vulgaris was able to grow effectively using CO2‐enriched air, but its chlorophyll a (3.0–3.5 g 100gDB−1), chlorophyll b (2.6–3.0 g 100gDB−1), and lipid contents (10.7–12.0 g 100gDB−1) were not significantly influenced by the presence of CO2 in the air. Most of the fatty acids in C. vulgaris biomass were of the saturated series, mainly myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids, but a portion of no less than 45% consisted of unsaturated fatty acids, and about 80% of these were high added‐value essential fatty acids belonging to the ω3 and ω6 series. These results highlight that C. vulgaris biomass could be of great importance for human health when used as food additive or for functional food production. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:916–922, 2014
Efficiency improvement of an antibody production process by increasing the inoculum density
Authors: Hecht Volker , Duvar Sevim , Ziehr Holger , Burg Josef , Jockwer Alexander
Published: February 2014

Increasing economic pressure is the main driving force to enhance the efficiency of existing processes. We developed a perfusion strategy for a seed train reactor to generate a higher inoculum density for a subsequent fed batch production culture. A higher inoculum density can reduce culture duration without compromising product titers. Hence, a better capacity utilization can be achieved. The perfusion strategy was planned to be implemented in an existing large scale antibody production process. Therefore, facility and process constraints had to be considered. This article describes the initial development steps. Using a proprietary medium and a Chinese hamster ovary cell line expressing an IgG antibody, four different cell retention devices were compared in regard to retention efficiency and reliability. Two devices were selected for further process refinement, a centrifuge and an inclined gravitational settler. A concentrated feed medium was developed to meet facility constraints regarding maximum accumulated perfundate volume. A 2‐day batch phase followed by 5 days of perfusion resulted in cell densities of 1.6 × 1010cells L−1, a 3.5 fold increase compared to batch cultivations. Two reactor volumes of concentrated feed medium were needed to achieve this goal. Eleven cultivations were carried out in bench and 50 L reactors showing acceptable reproducibility and ease of scale up. In addition, it was shown that at least three perfusion phases can be combined within a repeated perfusion strategy. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical EngineersBiotechnol. Prog., 30:607–615, 2014
Modulation of circulating protein biomarkers following TRC105 (anti‐endoglin antibody) treatment in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Liu Yingmiao , Starr Mark D. , Brady John C. , Dellinger Andrew , Pang Herbert , Adams Bonne , Theuer Charles P. , Lee Nam Y. , Hurwitz Herbert I. , Nixon Andrew B.
Published: February 2014

TRC105 is an endoglin‐targeting drug that possesses anti‐angiogenic and antitumor potential. Analysis of the initial phase I trial of TRC105 demonstrated good tolerability and efficacy in cancer patients. In this report, we analyzed multiple circulating biomarkers at baseline, cycle 2 day 1 (C2D1), and end of study (EOS) for each patient. The baseline level and the fold change from baseline to both C2D1 and EOS for each marker were statistically analyzed. At C2D1, seven markers were significantly downregulated (angiopoietin‐2 [Ang‐2], insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐3 [IGFBP‐3], plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 [PAI‐1] total, platelet‐derived growth factor [PDGF]‐AA, PDGF‐BB, thrombospondin‐1 [TSP‐1], and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]‐D). Meanwhile, seven markers were upregulated by C2D1 (E‐Cadherin, soluble Endoglin [sEnd], E‐Selectin, interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], osteopontin [OPN], TSP‐2, and von Willebrand factor [vWF]). At EOS, seven markers were upregulated including Ang‐2, C‐reactive protein (CRP), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), IGFBP‐1, IL‐6, TSP‐2, and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1). A statistical trend was also seen for increases of VEGF‐A and placenta growth factor (PlGF) at EOS. Throughout treatment, sEnd levels significantly increased, an observation that was recapitulated in cultured endothelial cells. This is the first report of plasma‐based biomarkers in patients receiving TRC105. TRC105 treatment by C2D1 was associated with decreases in several angiogenic factors, including Ang‐2, PDGF isoforms, and VEGF isoforms, offering insight into the mechanisms underlying TRC105's anti‐angiogenic, antitumor function. Increases in sEnd were the most significant of all observed biomarker changes and may reflect direct drug effects. Additionally, biomarker changes in response to TRC105 are distinct from those seen in patients treated with VEGF‐targeting drugs, suggesting the possible utility of combining these two classes of angiogenesis inhibitors in patients.
Response assessment of NovoTTF‐100A versus best physician's choice chemotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Wong Eric T. , Lok Edwin , Swanson Kenneth D. , Gautam Shiva , Engelhard Herbert H. , Lieberman Frank , Taillibert Sophie , Ram Zvi , Villano John L.
Published: February 2014

The NovoTTF‐100A device emits frequency‐tuned alternating electric fields that interfere with tumor cell mitosis. In phase III trial for recurrent glioblastomas, NovoTTF‐100A was shown to have equivalent efficacy and less toxicity when compared to Best Physician's Choice (BPC) chemotherapy. We analyzed the characteristics of responders and nonresponders in both cohorts to determine the characteristics of response and potential predictive factors. Tumor response and progression were determined by Macdonald criteria. Time to response, response duration, progression‐free survival (PFS) ± Simon–Makuch correction, overall survival (OS), prognostic factors, and relative hazard rates were compared between responders and nonresponders. Median response duration was 7.3 versus 5.6 months for NovoTTF‐100A and BPC chemotherapy, respectively (P = 0.0009). Five of 14 NovoTTF‐100A responders but none of seven BPC responders had prior low‐grade histology. Mean cumulative dexamethasone dose was 35.9 mg for responders versus 485.6 mg for nonresponders in the NovoTTF‐100A cohort (P < 0.0001). Hazard analysis showed delayed tumor progression in responders compared to nonresponders. Simon–Makuch‐adjusted PFS was longer in responders than in nonresponders treated with NovoTTF‐100A (P = 0.0007) or BPC chemotherapy (P = 0.0222). Median OS was longer for responders than nonresponders treated with NovoTTF‐100A (P < 0.0001) and BPC chemotherapy (P = 0.0235). Pearson analysis showed strong correlation between response and OS in NovoTTF‐100A (P = 0.0002) but not in BPC cohort (P = 0.2900). Our results indicate that the response characteristics favor NovoTTF‐100A and data on prior low‐grade histology and dexamethasone suggest potential genetic and epigenetic determinants of NovoTTF‐100A response.
Development of Selective Inhibitors for Human Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) for the Enhancement of Cyclophosphamide Cytotoxicity
Authors: Parajuli Bibek , Georgiadis Taxiarchis M. , Fishel Melissa L. , Hurley Thomas D.
Published: February 2014

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) plays an important role in many cellular oxidative processes, including cancer chemoresistance, by metabolizing activated forms of oxazaphosphorine drugs such as cyclophosphamide (CP) and its analogues, such as mafosfamide (MF), ifosfamide (IFM), and 4‐hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4‐HPCP). Compounds that can selectively target ALDH3A1 could permit delineation of its roles in these processes and could restore chemosensitivity in cancer cells that express this isoenzyme. Here we report the detailed kinetic and structural characterization of an ALDH3A1‐selective inhibitor, CB29, previously identified in a high‐throughput screen. Kinetic and crystallographic studies demonstrate that CB29 binds within the aldehyde substrate‐binding site of ALDH3A1. Cellular proliferation of ALDH3A1‐expressing lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and glioblastoma (SF767) cell lines, as well as ALDH3A1 non‐expressing lung fibroblast (CCD‐13Lu) cells, is unaffected by treatment with CB29 and its analogues alone. However, sensitivity toward the anti‐proliferative effects of mafosfamide is enhanced by treatment with CB29 and its analogue in the tumor cells. In contrast, the sensitivity of CCD‐13Lu cells toward mafosfamide was unaffected by the addition of these same compounds. CB29 is chemically distinct from the previously reported small‐molecule inhibitors of ALDH isoenzymes and does not inhibit ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, ALDH1A3, ALDH1B1, or ALDH2 isoenzymes at concentrations up to 250 μM. Thus, CB29 is a novel small molecule inhibitor of ALDH3A1, which might be useful as a chemical tool to delineate the role of ALDH3A1 in numerous metabolic pathways, including sensitizing ALDH3A1‐positive cancer cells to oxazaphosphorines.
Anticancer Potency Studies of Coordination Driven Self‐Assembled Arene–Ru‐Based Metalla‐Bowls
Authors: Mishra Anurag , Jeong Yong Joon , Jo Jae‐Ho , Kang Se Chan , Lah Myoung Soo , Chi Ki‐Whan
Published: February 2014

New tetranuclear cationic metalla‐bowls5–7with the general formula [Ru4(p‐cymene)4(N∩N)2(OO∩OO)2]4+(N∩N=2,6‐bis(N‐(4‐pyridyl carbamoyl)pyridine, OO∩OO=2,5‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinonato (5), OO∩OO=5,8‐dioxydo‐1,4‐naphthaquinonato (6), OO∩OO=hoxonato (7)) were prepared by the reaction of the respective dinuclear ruthenium complexes2–4with a bispyridine amide donor ligand1in methanol in the presence of AgO3SCF3.These new molecular metalla‐bowls were fully characterized by analytical techniques including elemental analysis as well as1H and13C NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS spectroscopy. The structure of metalla‐bowl6was determined from X‐ray crystal diffraction data. A UV/visible study was also carried out for the entire suite of new complexes. As with recent studies of similar arene–Ru complexes, the inhibition of cell growth by metalla‐bowls was established against SK‐hep‐1 (liver cancer), AGS (gastric cancer), and HCT‐15 (colorectal cancer) human cancer cell lines. Inhibition of cell growth by6was found to be considerably stronger against all cancer cell lines than the anticancer drugs, doxorubicin and cisplatin. In particular, in colorectal cancer cells, expression of the cancer suppressor genes APC and p53 was increased following exposure to6.
Targeted Mutagenesis Results in an Activation of DNA Methyltransferase 1 and Confirms an Autoinhibitory Role of its RFTS Domain
Authors: Bashtrykov Pavel , Rajavelu Arumugam , Hackner Benjamin , Ragozin Sergey , Carell Thomas , Jeltsch Albert
Published: February 2014

The N‐terminal regulatory part of DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) contains a replication foci targeting sequence (RFTS) domain, which is involved in the recruitment of Dnmt1 to replication forks. The RFTS domain has been observed in a crystal structure to bind to the catalytic domain of the enzyme and block its catalytic centre. Removal of the RFTS domain led to activation of Dnmt1, thus suggesting an autoinhibitory role of this domain. Here, we destabilised the interaction of the RFTS domain with the catalytic domain by site‐directed mutagenesis and purified the corresponding Dnmt1 variants. Our data show that these mutations resulted in an up to fourfold increase in Dnmt1 methylation activity in vitro. Activation of Dnmt1 was not accompanied by a change in its preference for methylation of hemimethylated CpG sites. We also show that the Dnmt1 E572R/D575R variant has a higher DNA methylation activity in human cells after transfection into HCT116 cells, which are hypomorphic for Dnmt1. Our findings strongly support the autoinhibitory role of the RFTS domain, and indicate that it contributes to the regulation of Dnmt1 activity in cells.
Functional Characterization of E. coli LptC: Interaction with LPS and a Synthetic Ligand
Authors: Sestito Stefania E. , Sperandeo Paola , Santambrogio Carlo , Ciaramelli Carlotta , Calabrese Valentina , Rovati G. Enrico , Zambelloni Luca , Grandori Rita , Polissi Alessandra , Peri Francesco
Published: February 2014

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the main cell‐surface molecular constituent of Gram‐negative bacteria, is synthesized in the inner membrane (IM) and transported to the outer membrane (OM) by the Lpt (lipopolysaccharide transport) machinery. Neosynthesized LPS is first flipped by MsbA across the IM, then transported to the OM by seven Lpt proteins located in the IM (LptBCFG), in the periplasm (LptA), and in the OM (LptDE). A functional OM is essential to bacterial viability and requires correct placement of LPS in the outer leaflet. Therefore, LPS biogenesis represents an ideal target for the development of novel antibiotics against Gram‐negative bacteria. Although the structures of Lpt proteins have been elucidated, little is known about the mechanism of LPS transport, and few data are available on Lpt–LPS binding. We report here the first determination of the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the interaction between LptC and a fluorescent lipo‐oligosaccharide (fLOS) in vitro. The apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of the fLOS–LptC interaction was evaluated by two independent methods. The first was based on fLOS capture by resin‐immobilized LptC; the second used quenching of LptC intrinsic fluorescence by fLOS in solution. The Kd values by the two methods (71.4 and 28.8 μm, respectively) are very similar, and are of the same order of magnitude as that of the affinity of LOS for the upstream transporter, MsbA. Interestingly, both methods showed that fLOS binding to LptC is mostly irreversible, thus reflecting the fact that LPS can be released from LptC only when energy is supplied by ATP or in the presence of a higher‐affinity LptA protein. A fluorescent glycolipid was synthesized: this also interacted irreversibly with LptC, but with lower affinity (apparent Kd=221 μM). This compound binds LptC at the LPS binding site and is a prototype for the development of new antibiotics targeting LPS transport in Gram‐negative bacteria.
The Amplatzer duct occluder II additional sizes device for transcatheter PDA closure: Initial experience
Authors: Bruckheimer Elchanan , Godfrey Max , Dagan Tamir , Levinzon Michael , Amir Gabriel , Birk Einat
Published: February 2014

Objectives

To present our initial experience with the Amplatzer Duct Occluder II Additional Sizes (ADOIIAS) device.

Background

The ADOIIAS is a modified PDA closure device of various lengths and widths with small disks to avoid flow disturbance in the pulmonary arteries and descending aorta.

Methods

Patient population: All patients who underwent attempted closure with an ADOIIAS device at our institution

Catheterization

Following aortography the PDA was closed using a 4–5Fr delivery system from the pulmonary or aortic side with an ADOIIAS. Aortography to confirm position and leak was performed before and after device release. Echocardiography was performed before discharge the following day.

Results

Between June 2011 and December 2012, 60 patients [33 female], median age 3.3 yrs [0.6–15.8 years], and weight 14.5 kg [4–79] underwent attempted PDA closure with an ADOIIAS device. 56/60 [93.3%] ADOIIAS devices were successfully deployed [52 aortic side]. In 55/56 [98.2%], the PDA was closed on follow up echocardiogram usually on the next day. In one case, there was a small residual PDA of no hemodynamic significance on follow up. In four cases, the ADOIIAS was unstable, including one device embolization which was retrieved with no sequelae, and the PDA was closed in all cases with an alternative device in the same procedure. The mean ratio of ADOIIAS height:PDA pulmonary diameter was 2.4 ± 0.5:1.

Conclusions

We report a large single‐center experience with the new ADOIIAS device which proved to be versatile, safe, effective, and easy to use in the appropriate ductal anatomy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rhodium‐Complex‐Linked Hybrid Biocatalyst: Stereo‐Controlled Phenylacetylene Polymerization within an Engineered Protein Cavity
Authors: Fukumoto Kazuki , Onoda Akira , Mizohata Eiichi , Bocola Marco , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Hayashi Takashi
Published: February 2014

The incorporation of a Rh complex with a maleimide moiety into the cavity of the nitrobindin β‐barrel scaffold by a covalent linkage at the 96‐position (Cys) provides a hybrid biocatalyst that promotes the polymerization of phenylacetylene. The appropriate structural optimization of the cavity by mutagenesis enhances the stereoselectivity of the polymer with a trans content of 82 % at 25 °C and pH 8.0. The X‐ray crystal structure of one of the hybrid biocatalysts at a resolution of 2.0 Å reveals that the Rh complex is located in the β‐barrel cavity without any perturbation to the total protein structure. Crystal structure analysis and molecular modeling support the fact that the stereoselectivity is enhanced by the effective control of monomer access to the Rh complex within the limited space of the protein cavity.
Regioselective Enzymatic Halogenation of Substituted Tryptophan Derivatives using the FAD‐Dependent Halogenase RebH
Authors: Frese Marcel , Guzowska Paulina H. , Voß Hauke , Sewald Norbert
Published: February 2014

Regioselective methods to establish carbon–halide bonds are still rare, although halogenation is considered as a commonly used methodology for the functionalization of organic compounds. The incorporation of halogen substituents by organic synthesis usually requires hazardous conditions, shows poor regioselectivity and results in the formation of unwanted byproducts. In addition, halogenation by electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr) obeys distinct rules depending on electron‐withdrawing or ‐donating groups already present in the aromatic ring. We employed the tryptophan‐7‐halogenase RebH for regioselective enzymatic halogenation to overcome these limitations. In combination with a tryptophan synthase, an array of C5‐ and C6‐substituted tryptophan derivatives was synthesized and halogenated by RebH. The halogenase is able override these directing effects and halogenates at the electronically unfavored C7‐meta‐position, even in presence of ortho/para‐directing groups.
Color Polymorphism: Understanding the Diverse Solid‐State Packing and Color in Dimethyl‐3,6‐dichloro‐2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalate
Authors: Pratik Saied Md. , Nijamudheen Abdulrahiman , Bhattacharya Sumantra , Datta Ayan
Published: February 2014

Dimethyl‐3,6‐dichloro‐2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalate (MCHT) is known to exist in three differently packed crystals having three different colors, namely yellow (Y), light yellow (LY), and white (W). Apart from the difference in their color, the molecules in the crystals also differ in their intramolecular OH⋅⋅⋅O and OH⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen bonds. Time‐dependent DFT calculations reveal the role of the various types of hydrogen bonds in controlling the color of the polymorphs. Mechanistic pathways that lead to such transformations in the crystal are elucidated by solid‐state dispersion‐corrected DFT studies. Relative stabilities of the various polymorphs rationalize the experimentally observed transformations between them. Calculations reveal that the minimum‐energy pathway for the conversion of the Y form to a W form is through stepwise disrotatory motion of the two OH groups through a hybrid intermediate having one intramolecular OH⋅⋅⋅O and one OH⋅⋅⋅Cl bond. The LY form is shown to exist on the higher‐energy pathway involving a concerted Y→W transformation.
Characterization of Supramolecular Hidden Chirality of Hydrogen‐Bonded Networks by Advanced Graph Set Analysis
Authors: Sasaki Toshiyuki , Ida Yoko , Hisaki Ichiro , Yuge Tetsuharu , Uchida Yoshiaki , Tohnai Norimitsu , Miyata Mikiji
Published: February 2014

Supramolecular hidden chirality of hydrogen‐bonded (HB) networks of primary ammonium carboxylates was exposed by advanced graph set analysis from a symmetric viewpoint in topology. The ring‐type HB (R‐HB) networks are topologically regarded as faces, and therefore exhibit prochirality and positional isomerism due to substituents attached on the faces. To describe the symmetric properties of the faces, additional symbols, Re (right‐handed or clockwise), Si (left‐handed or anticlockwise), and m (mirror), were proposed. According to the symbols, various kinds of faces were classified based on the symmetry. This symmetry consideration of the faces enables us to precisely evaluate supramolecular chirality, especially its handedness, of 0D‐cubic, 1D‐ladder and 2D‐sheet HB networks that are composed of the faces. The 1D‐ladder and 2D‐sheet HB networks generate chirality by accumulating the chiral faces in 1D and 2D manners, respectively, whereas 0D‐cubic HB networks generate chirality based on combinations of eight kinds of faces, similar to the chirality of dice.
Gold/Acid‐Co‐catalyzed Direct Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Fused Azaheterocycles from Propargylic Hydroperoxides
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Quirós M. Teresa
Published: February 2014

The gold–acid‐co‐catalyzed synthesis of nine series of fused azaheterocycles with structural diversity starting from the same synthons as readily available propargylic hydroperoxides and aromatic amines has been achieved. The overall tandem process consists in a gold‐catalyzed hydroperoxide rearrangement/Michael reaction followed by a final acid‐catalyzed cyclization.
Surface‐Junction Effects on Interfacial Electron Transfer between Bis(terpyridine)iron(II) and Hydrogen‐Terminated Silicon(111) Electrode
Authors: Maeda Hiroaki , Sakamoto Ryota , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: February 2014

Interfacial electron transfer at bis(tpy)–iron(II) complexes (tpy=2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine) on Si(111) electrodes was investigated by using four types of surface‐anchor terpyridine ligands. Despite the greater distance, electron transfer between the bis(tpy)–iron(II) unit and the electrode is accelerated in surface‐anchor ligands with an additional phenylene group.
Mixed‐Ligand Catalysts: A Powerful Tool in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Fan Yuting , Cong Mei , Peng Ling
Published: February 2014

Transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions have fundamentally revolutionized organic synthesis, empowering the otherwise difficult to achieve products with rapid and convenient accesses alongside excellent yields. Within these reactions, ligands often play a critical role in specifically and effectively advocating the corresponding catalysis. Consequently, a myriad of ligands have been created and applied to make a fine tuning of electronic and steric effect of catalysts, remarkably promoting catalytic efficiency and applicability. The “mixed‐ligand” concept has recently emerged; by combining and capitalizing on the superiority of each individual ligand already available, an expedient way can be achieved to reach a larger extent of catalytic diversity and efficacy. Given the availability of a wealth of ligands, it is reasonable to have great expectations for the original application of mixed‐ligand catalytic systems and their important value in organic synthesis.
Carbene‐9‐BBN Ring Expansions as a Route to Intramolecular Frustrated Lewis Pairs for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wang Tongen , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: February 2014

Reactions of phosphine‐derived carbenes with 9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9‐BBN) result in ring‐expansion reactions to generate novel intramolecular frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). These FLPs effect the catalytic reduction of CO2 in the presence of boranes to give BOB and methoxy‐borate species.
ChemInform Abstract: MYb(BH4)4 (M: K, Na) from Laboratory X‐Ray Powder Data.
Authors: Wegner Wojciech , Jaron Tomasz , Grochala Wojciech
Published: February 2014

Polycrystalline KYb(BH4)4 and NaYb(BH4)4 are prepared by solid state mechanochemical reactions of 1:3:1 mixtures of YbCl3, LiBH4, and KBH4 or NaBH4, resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of Hydrates of Simple Inorganic Salts. Part 1. Water‐Rich Magnesium Halide Hydrates MgCl2·8H2O, MgCl2·12H2O, MgBr2·6H2O, MgBr2·9H2O, MgI2·8H2O and MgI2·9H2O.
Authors: Hennings Erik , Schmidt Horst , Voigt Wolfgang
Published: February 2014

Crystals of MgCl2·8H2O (I), MgCl2·12H2O (II), MgBr2·6H2O (III), MgBr2·9H2O (IV), MgI2·8H2O (V), and MgI2·9H2O (VI) are grown from their aqueous solutions at below 298 K according to their solid‐liquid phase diagrams.
ChemInform Abstract: The Double Molybdate Na9Sc(MoO4)6 Refined from Powder XRD Data.
Authors: Savina Aleksandra A. , Morozov Vladimir A. , Basovich Olga M. , Khaikina Elena G. , Lazoryak Bogdan I.
Published: February 2014

Na9Sc(MoO4)6 is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Na2MoO4 and Sc2(MoO4)3 (air, 773→873 K in steps of 50 K, 24 h per step).
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Solid Acid Electrolyte CsH5(PO4)2 by NMR Spectroscopy.
Authors: Chae Seen Ae , Lee Young Eun , Han Oc Hee , Kim Dong Hoon , Lee Hong‐In
Published: February 2014

The pure title compound (obtained from aqueous slurries of H3PO4 and Cs2CO3 at 100 °C for 24 h) is characterized by 1H, 31P, and 133Cs MAS NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Tuning the Band Gap of PbCrO4 Through High‐Pressure: Evidence of Wide‐to‐Narrow Semiconductor Transitions.
Authors: Errandonea D. , Bandiello E. , Segura A. , Hamlin J. J. , Maple M. B. , Rodriguez‐Hernandez P. , Munoz A.
Published: February 2014

Commercial polycrystalline and cleaved platelets from natural PbCrO4 are studied in a diamond anvil cell at ≤ 21 GPa.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal and Magnetic Structure of Sr2MIrO6 (M: Ca, Mg) Double Perovskites — A Neutron Diffraction Study.
Authors: Kayser Paula , Martinez‐Lope Maria Jesus , Alonso Jose Antonio , Retuerto Maria , Croft Mark , Ignatov Alexander , Fernandez‐Diaz Maria Teresa
Published: February 2014

Polycrystalline Sr2CaIrO6 (I) and Sr2MgIrO6 (II) are prepared from citrate‐nitrate precursors using Sr(NO3)2, IrO2, CaCO3, or MgO in aqueous citric acid and HNO3 evaporated at 140 °C and heated to 600 °C to decompose organic residues and NO3 (950 °C, 12 h, O2 pressure of 200 bar (I), 800 °C, 36 h for (II)).
ChemInform Abstract: On the Possibility for Rb‐ and Eu‐Cation Ordering in Type‐I Clathrates: Synthesis and Homogeneity Range of the Novel Compounds Rb8‐xEux(In,Ge)46 (0.6 ≤ x ≤ 1.8).
Authors: Schaefer Marion C. , Bobev Svilen
Published: February 2014

Studies in the Rb‐Eu‐In‐Ge system confirm the existence of the phase Rb8‐xEux(In,Ge)46 (0.6 ≤ x ≤ 1.8) crystallizing with the cubic clathrate type‐I structure (space group Pm$\bar 3$n, Z = 1, powder XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Composition of Fe—Mo Alloys Obtained by Electrodeposition.
Authors: Kuznetsov Vitaly V. , Golyanin Konstantin E. , Pshenichkina Tatiana V. , Lyakhov Boris F. , Lyashenko Svetlana E.
Published: February 2014

The formation of Fe—Mo deposits from ammonia‐citrate solutions, which make it possible to obtain coatings with high Mo content is examined.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structures, and Electronic Properties of a New Series of Tellurides of the Type [Sequestered Cation]2(Tex) (x = 1—4).
Authors: Thiele Guenther , Lichtenberger Niels , Tonner Ralf , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: February 2014

The structures of the tellurides (III) (monoclinic, space groups P21/c, Z = 4), (IV) (P21/n, Z = 4), and (V) (C2/c, Z = 8), (VII) (C2/c, Z = 4), (VIII) (P21/c, Z = 4), (IX) (P21/c, Z = 4), and (X) (trigonal, R$\bar 3$, Z = 3) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Disulfates from Low Temperature Synthesis in Ionic Liquids: (C5H6N)3Sm (S2O7)3 and (C5H6N)Bi(S2O7)2.
Authors: Weiz Alexander , Bruns Joern , Wickleder Mathias S.
Published: February 2014

Reactions of Bi(NO3)3 or Sm(NO3)3 with oleum (65% SO3) and the py·SO3 in the ionic liquid [bmim][HSO4] yield single crystals of (pyH)Bi(S2O7)2 (I) and (pyH)3Sm(S2O7)3 (II), resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Chalcogenidoantimonates by Solvothermal Synthesis in Liquid Ammonia.
Authors: Kysliak Oleksandr , Beck Johannes
Published: February 2014

The structures of the SbIII compounds (IV) (triclinic, space group P$\bar 1$, Z = 2) (VII) (monoclinic, space group P21, Z = 2), (IX) (orthorhombic, Pna21, Z = 4), and the SbV compound (V) (P$\bar 1$, Z = 1) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Addition of 1,3‐Diketones to Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Leotard Benjamin , Fukuyama Takahide , Higashibeppu Yuki , Brancour Celia , Okamoto Hiromi , Ryu Ilhyong
Published: February 2014

Acyclic 1,3‐diketones undergo Ru‐catalyzed reaction with terminal alkynes to yield C‐addition products whereas cyclic 1,3‐diones give O‐addition products under similar conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Air‐Stable and Recyclable CpCoI‐Complexes.
Authors: Thiel Indre , Spannenberg Anke , Hapke Marko
Published: February 2014

The applicability of the synthesized catalysts for cycloaddition reactions is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of C=O and C=N Bonds.
Authors: Zhang Guoqi , Hanson Susan K.
Published: February 2014

An efficient reduction of ketones, aldehydes, and imines bearing a broad scope of substituents into the corresponding alcohols and amines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Direct Dehydroxylation of Alcohols.
Authors: Huang Jian‐Lin , Dai Xi‐Jie , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: February 2014

The simple and highly efficient unprecedented title reaction proceeds via oxidation of the alcohol and a Wolff‐Kishner reduction and can be applied to a series of primary, benzylic, and allylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Scope and Limitations of Auxiliary‐Assisted, Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Alkylation and sp2 and sp3 C—H Bonds.
Authors: Nadres Enrico T. , Santos Gerson Ivan Franco , Shabashov Dmitry , Daugulis Olafs
Published: February 2014

Direct arylation and alkylation of amine and carboxylic acid derivatives is achieved with different aryl and alkyl iodides as well as benzyl and allyl bromides in the presence of a palladium catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: The Ugi Four‐Component Reaction Enables Expedient Synthesis and Comparison of Photoaffinity Probes.
Authors: Bush Jacob T. , Walport Louise J. , McGouran Joanna F. , Leung Ivanhoe K. H. , Berridge Georgina , van Berkel Sander S. , Basak Amit , Kessler Benedikt M. , Schofield Christopher J.
Published: February 2014

The four‐component Ugi reaction is applied to synthesize biotin and rhodamine tagged compounds (V) of which a series of photoaffinity probes (VIII) for 2‐OG oxygenase is derived.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Regioselective Hydroamination of Styrenes with Polymethylhydrosiloxane and Hydroxylamines.
Authors: Miki Yuya , Hirano Koji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro
Published: February 2014

The copper‐catalyzed regioselective formal hydroamination of styrene with O‐benzoylhydroxylamine and polymethylhydrosiloxane as reductant is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones with H2 and Ruthenium Catalysts Containing Chiral Tetradentate S2N2 Ligands.
Authors: Patchett Ruth , Magpantay Iris , Saudan Lionel , Schotes Christoph , Mezzetti Antonio , Santoro Francesco
Published: February 2014

The first phosphorus‐free, air‐ and moisture‐tolerant Ruthenium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of methylketones and cyclic ketones, as well as aldehydes using hydrogen is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Dicationic Platinum Porphyrin Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Enynes.
Authors: Hasegawa Makoto , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: February 2014

A dicationic Pt(IV)‐porphyrin tetrafluoroborate is applied as efficient catalyst for the cycloisomerization of enynes (I) to vinyl cyclopentanes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Stage Synthesis of Adamantyl‐Containing α‐Aminonitriles
Authors: Popov Yu. V. , Mokhov V. M. , Tankabekyan N. A.
Published: February 2014

and related α‐aminonitriles such as (VI)
ChemInform Abstract: Spiro‐bicyclo[2.2.2]octane Derivatives as Paclitaxel Mimetics. Synthesis and Toxicity Evaluation in Breast Cancer Cell Lines.
Authors: Manner Sophie , Oltner Viveca T. , Oredsson Stina , Ellervik Ulf , Frejd Torbjoern
Published: February 2014

Several spiro‐bicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivatives are prepared as paclitaxel mimetics via a double Michael addition of enol ether (I) with methyl acrylate (II) and a ring‐closing metathesis as key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthetic Approach to Tetrasubstituted Alkenes: Using β‐Carbonyl Benzothiazol‐2‐yl Sulfones as Electrophiles.
Authors: Ou Song , Cao Chun‐Ru , Jiang Min , Liu Jin‐Tao
Published: February 2014

The reaction gives β‐alkoxy sulfone intermediates undergoing Smiles rearrangement and spontaneous elimination to yield tetrasubstituted enynes and cyanoalkenes, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Trifluoromethylation of Conjugated Acceptors via Phenyl Trifluoromethyl Sulfone.
Authors: Sakavuyi Kaumba , Petersen Kimberly S.
Published: February 2014

The title reaction can be also applied to the synthesis of compound (IX), a useful precursor for the preparation of befloxatone, which is a reversible and selective monoamine oxidase A inhibitor.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Transformation of Alkynes into Alcohols and Amines with Formic Acid.
Authors: Li Jia , Wang Chao , Xue Dong , Wei Yawen , Xiao Jianliang
Published: February 2014

The reaction is conducted by means of pH‐regulated aqueous transfer hydrogenation.
ChemInform Abstract: SnCl4 Mediated Synthesis of γ‐Amino Ketones Derivatives via the Ring‐Opening Reaction of 4,5‐Dihydropyrroles.
Authors: Zhang Guisheng , et al. et al.
Published: February 2014

An alternative route to γ‐amino ketones via a SnCl4·5H2O mediated ring‐opening reaction of 4,5‐dihydropyrroles is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Fluorous Proline Organocatalyst with Acetone‐Dependent Aldolase Behavior.
Authors: Miranda Pedro O. , Llanes Patricia , Torkian Laleh , Pericas Miquel A.
Published: February 2014

A fluorous tagged triazolylproline is developed and used as catalyst for the aldol reaction of acetone with benzaldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective and Stereoselective Entry to β,β‐Disubstituted Vinyl Ethers via the Sequential Hydroboration/Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of Ynol Ethers.
Authors: Cui Weijian , Mao Mengyi , He Zuying , Zhu Gangguo
Published: February 2014

This method uses a readily available catalytic system, has a broad substrate scope, and gives the title compounds in good yields with excellent stereo‐ and regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefin Hydroaryloxylation Catalyzed by Pincer—Iridium Complexes.
Authors: Haibach Michael , Guan Changjian , Wang David Y. , Li Bo , Lease Nicholas , Steffens Andrew M. , Krogh‐Jespersen Karsten , Goldman Alan S.
Published: February 2014

An intensive investigation of the reaction mechanism is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazolium‐Based Chiral Ionic Liquids: Synthesis and Application.
Authors: Suzuki Yumiko , Wakatsuki Junichiro , Tsubaki Mariko , Sato Masayuki
Published: February 2014

In the presented study the synthesis of recyclable chiral ionic liquids from tartaric acid is described along with their application as chiral solvents in the Michael addition of malonates to chalcones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Salts of New Arylamides of 2‐Hydroxy‐5‐nitroso‐4,6‐dimethylisophthalic Acid
Authors: Fedorova N. A. , Slaschinin D. G. , Lyubyashkin A. B. , Peterson I. V. , Tovbis M. S.
Published: February 2014

via intermolecular cyclization of arylamides of acetonedicarboxylic acid (I) with isonitrosoacetylacetone (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium Catalyzed Cyanation of Chelation Assisted C—H Bonds.
Authors: Chaitanya Manthena , Yadagiri Dongari , Anbarasan Pazhamalai
Published: February 2014

This cyanation reaction employs N‐cyano‐N‐phenyl‐p‐methylbenzenesulfonamide (II) as an efficient cyanating reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Sulfonamides from N‐Silylamines.
Authors: Naredla Rajasekhar Reddy , Klumpp Douglas A.
Published: February 2014

The application of sulfonyl fluorides is possible but less efficient.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiinflammatory Activity of Three Nitro Chalcones.
Authors: Gomez‐Rivera Abraham , Aguilar‐Mariscal Hidemi , Romero‐Ceronio Nancy , Roa‐de la Fuente Luis F. , Lobato‐Garcia Carlos E.
Published: February 2014

The three new compounds (III) show antiinflammatory protective, time dependent effect by both oral and intraperitoneal administration.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrostatic Repulsion and Hydrogen‐Bonding Interactions in a Simple N‐Aryl‐L‐valinamide Organocatalyst Control the Stereoselectivity in Asymmetric Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Tanimura Yuya , Yasunaga Kenji , Ishimaru Kaori
Published: February 2014

A relatively inexpensive catalyst easily prepared from L‐valine is applied to asymmetric aldol and cross‐aldol reactions [reaction of (VI)].
ChemInform Abstract: Formal meta‐Specific Intramolecular Friedel—Crafts Allylic Alkylation of Phenols Through a Spirocyclization—Dienone—Phenol Rearrangement Cascade.
Authors: Yoshida Mariko , Nozaki Tomoyuki , Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Hamada Yasumasa
Published: February 2014

The Lewis acid catalyzed reaction yields 3,4‐disubstituted phenols from dienones in a highly efficient rearrangement or from allylic substituted phenoles in a cascade reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diarylated Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Dehydroxylation of Diols Using the Titanium(IV) Chloride and Triethylamine Reagent System.
Authors: Periasamy Mariappan , Beesu Mallesh , Shanmugaraja Masilamani
Published: February 2014

Notable features of the title process are the simple procedure, the mild reaction conditions, and the substrates are readily accessible.
ChemInform Abstract: PCy3‐Catalyzed Ring Expansion of Aziridinofullerenes with CO2 and Aryl Isocyanates Evidence for a Two Consecutive Nucleophilic Substitution Pathway on the Fullerene Cage.
Authors: Takeda Youhei , Kawai Hajime , Minakata Satoshi
Published: February 2014

Several oxazolidinone‐fused fullerenes are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: I2—PPh3 Mediated Spiroannulation of Unsaturated β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds. The First Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Negundoin A.
Authors: Tapia Ruben , Cano M. Jose , Bouanou Hanane , Alvarez Esteban , Alvarez‐Manzaneda Ramon , Chahboun Rachid , Alvarez‐Manzaneda Enrique
Published: February 2014

Unsaturated β‐dicarbonyl compounds, e.g. (I), (III)/(VI), (VIII), and (X) undergo intramolecular cyclization by reaction with a catalytic amount of I2—PPh3 affording spiro enol ether derivatives with complete regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Multi‐Substituted Dihydrofurans by Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Cyclic or Acyclic Diazodicarbonyl Compounds with Olefins.
Authors: Xia Likai , Lee Yong Rok
Published: February 2014

The reaction can be carried out under conventional or microwave‐assisted conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Selective Decarboxylative Coupling Reaction versus Direct C—H Arylation for Arylation of Heteroaromatics.
Authors: Fu Haiyan , Chen Hua , Doucet Henri
Published: February 2014

Conditions for the selective Pd‐catalyzed decarboxylative 2‐arylation of 3‐substituted thiophene and furan derivatives (I) and (IV) bearing an ester moiety at C2 position are established.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Alkoxybenzo[c]thiophen‐1(3H)‐ones by Hydrolysis of N‐Substituted 3‐Alkoxybenzo[c]thiophen‐1(3H)‐imines Derived from 1‐Bromo‐2‐(dialkoxymethyl)benzenes and Isothiocyanates.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Kuroda Minami , Kanbe Yuuki
Published: February 2014

Benzothiophene‐imines (IV) and (VIII) are prepared and subjected to acidic hydrolysis to afford title compounds (V) and (IX), resp., which are difficult to prepare by previously reported methods.
ChemInform Abstract: First Example of the Synthesis of Pyrrolecarbaldehyde with Electron‐Deficient Acetylene Substituents
Authors: Sobenina L. N. , Markova M. V. , Tomilin D. N. , Tret'yakov E. V. , Ovcharenko V. I. , Mikhaleva A. I. , Trofimov B. A.
Published: February 2014

via a “palladiumless” cross‐coupling of acetal (I) with alkyne (II) as the key step
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Domino Synthesis of Indanes Bearing Four Contiguous Stereocenters Catalyzed by Sub‐Mol% Loadings of a Squaramide in Minutes.
Authors: Loh Charles C. J. , Hack Daniel , Enders Dieter
Published: February 2014

An organocatalytic Michael—Henry domino reaction affording polyfunctionalized indane derivatives (III) with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity is reported.