bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Between the world of economics and the world of physical sciences there would be a link that is anything but hypothetical
Authors: Cossiga Giovanni Antonio
Published: December 2021

The compatibility between humanity and nature should be related to a trend that would lead us hopefully in a short time to the full neutrality between man and the planet we all live on. Along this trend, essentially due to the cooperation and help of science and knowledge, the humankind is able to collect news and information on the level of pollution we produce, not to be exceeded. Individually, the information on the pollution degree received from nature comes to us through the monetary system. Therefore, the community is warned that we are approaching a limit not to be exceeded in creating pollution inside the environment and the warning comes through the nominal price system, that is through inflation and deflation. These two are nothing more than messages, like ectoplasms, that is a sort of symbols taking shape due to the economic instability and, once inside the economic environment, they lose contact with the economic entourage. Nor could it be otherwise, because their task is for information purposes only, and they must create within the community the loss of confidence in the economic outlook. Due to this loss of trust, the economy slows down and takes a pause in favor of the environment quality, which improves thanks to the reduced economic activity. It’s a sort of alert system with the same message function both for inflation and deflation. However, their fate is anyway different not for a natural reason but for the different response given by monetary policy upon arrival of inflation or deflation. In the case of inflation, the monetary policy response is the symmetry between nominal price increases and interest rates. This increase in rates is producing a cycle retreat that is consistent with the request for a pause of the natural system. While in the case of deflation, the symmetry between the decline in nominal prices and interest rates is in contrast with the economic system demanding for a pause. This potential opposition can cause some anomalies in the wealth and income distribution.
The PRONTO study: Clinical performance of ID NOW in individuals with compatible SARS-CoV-2 symptoms in walk-in centres—accelerated turnaround time for contact tracing
Authors: Goupil-Sormany Isabelle , Longtin Jean , Dumaresq Jeannot , Jacob-Wagner Marieve , Bouchard Frédéric , Romero Liliana , Harvey Julie , Bestman-Smith Julie , Provençal Mathieu , Beauchemin Stéphanie , Richard Valérie , Labbé Annie-Claude
Published: December 2021

Background: This PRONTO study investigated the clinical performance of the Abbott ID NOWTM (IDN) COVID-19 diagnostic assay used at point of care and its impact on turnaround time for divulgation of test results. Methods: Prospective study conducted from December 2020 to February 2021 in acute symptomatic participants presenting in three walk-in centres in the province of Québec. Results: Valid paired samples were obtained from 2,372 participants. A positive result on either the IDN or the standard-of-care nucleic acid amplification test (SOC-NAAT) was obtained in 423 participants (prevalence of 17.8%). Overall sensitivity of IDN and SOC-NAAT were 96.4% (95% CI: 94.2–98.0%) and 99.1% (95% CI: 97.6–99.8), respectively; negative predictive values were 99.2% (95% CI: 98.7–99.6%) and 99.8% (95% CI: 99.5–100%), respectively. Turnaround time for positive results was significantly faster on IDN. Conclusion: In our experience, IDN use in symptomatic individuals in walk-in centres is a reliable sensitive alternative to SOC-NAAT without the need for subsequent confirmation of negative results. Such deployment can accelerate contact tracing, reduce the burden on laboratories and increase access to testing.
Terra Ignota. Marksizm kosmiczny jako marksizm apofatyczny
Authors: Urbańczyk Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

Tekst poświęcony jest problematyzującemu charakter współczesnych utopii cyklowi Terra Ignota Ady Palmer. Opisywanemu przez Palmer dwudziestemu piątemu wiekowi, w którym zniesiono płeć kulturową, państwa narodowe czy tradycyjny model rodziny, nie znosząc zarazem nierówności, przeciwstawiona zostaje postawa Utopian – niewielkiego ułamka fikcyjnej populacji. Choć ukazywana w powieściach rzeczywistość przez większość bohaterów traktowana jest jako utopia, Utopianie odmawiają przystania na nią, podejmując się nieustającej pracy w imię zerwania ze współczesnością i zobowiązując się poświęcić całe życie przyszłości. Utopia, ponieważ państwa pozbawione są terytoriów, nie może utworzyć na Ziemi przestrzennej enklawy i decyduje się na terraformację Marsa, choć nie dysponuje jednolitą wizją przyszłości i wspólnym celem poza opuszczeniem Ziemi. Działania Utopian nie są podejmowane w imię koherentnej wizji, a wypływają ze sprzeciwu wobec porządku faktycznego, znaturalizowanego przez większość społeczeństwa. Strategia Utopian omówiona zostaje jako przykład marksizmu apofatycznego, który postulował China Miéville. Niedostarczający pozytywnych projektów marksizm apofatyczny pozostaje potężnym narzędziem krytyki współczesności i bodźcem pobudzającym do działania.
Myśl edukacyjna – o powadze teoretyczności ustaleń socjopedagogicznych
Authors: Cybal - Michalska Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

Autorka w podjętej w artykule narracji stawia pytania na temat pedagogiki jako dyscypliny naukowej zwróconej ku budowaniu teorii - wiedzy teoretycznej wyjaśniającej procesy wychowania. Akcentuje fakt, że z teoriopoznawczej perspektywy, praktyka poznawcza i oczekiwania wobec walorów eksplanacyjnych twierdzeń formułowanych przez teorię odwołują się do możliwości teoretycznego uogólnienia i klasyfikowania świata społecznego, czy też przekładania tez teoretycznych na grunt poznania empirycznego w celu ich weryfikacji, jak również wyjaśniania zjawisk poprzez identyfikację mechanizmów przyczynowych i ujawnianych procesów. Zdolność eksplanacyjną teorii określa  się przez rozpoznanie wielkości zakresu rzeczywistości do którego teoria ma zastosowanie. Czyniąc pedagogikę równorzędną innym naukom społecznym niepodobna nie zaakcentować dodatkowej wartości i osobliwości budowania teorii w pedagogice, a mianowicie: teoria naukowa budowana na gruncie pedagogiki nie ogranicza się do opisu i eksplantacji zjawisk i procesów lecz zwrócona jest ku antycypacji zdarzeń, wypływu na ich przebieg oraz użyteczność dla praktyki.
Breaking down memory walls
Authors: Luo Chen , Carey Michael J.
Published: December 2021

Log-Structured Merge-trees (LSM-trees) have been widely used in modern NoSQL systems. Due to their out-of-place update design, LSM-trees have introduced memory walls among the memory components of multiple LSM-trees and between the write memory and the buffer cache. Optimal memory allocation among these regions is non-trivial because it is highly workload-dependent. Existing LSM-tree implementations instead adopt static memory allocation schemes due to their simplicity and robustness, sacrificing performance. In this paper, we attempt to break down these memory walls in LSM-based storage systems. We first present a memory management architecture that enables adaptive memory management. We then present a partitioned memory component structure with new flush policies to better exploit the write memory to minimize the write cost. To break down the memory wall between the write memory and the buffer cache, we further introduce a memory tuner that tunes the memory allocation between these two regions. We have conducted extensive experiments in the context of Apache AsterixDB using the YCSB and TPC-C benchmarks and we present the results here.
Nearest neighbor classifiers over incomplete information
Authors: Karlaš Bojan , Li Peng , Wu Renzhi , Gürel Nezihe Merve , Chu Xu , Wu Wentao , Zhang Ce
Published: December 2021

Machine learning (ML) applications have been thriving recently, largely attributed to the increasing availability of data. However, inconsistency and incomplete information are ubiquitous in real-world datasets, and their impact on ML applications remains elusive. In this paper, we present a formal study of this impact by extending the notion of
Certain Answers for Codd tables
, which has been explored by the database research community for decades, into the field of machine learning. Specifically, we focus on classification problems and propose the notion of
"Certain Predictions" (CP)
--- a test data example can be
certainly predicted (CP'ed)
if
all
possible classifiers trained on top of all possible worlds induced by the incompleteness of data would yield the
same
prediction. We study two fundamental CP queries: (Q1)
checking query
that determines whether a data example can be CP'ed; and (Q2)
counting query
that computes the number of classifiers that support a particular prediction (i.e., label). Given that general solutions to CP queries are, not surprisingly, hard without assumption over the type of classifier, we further present a case study in the context of nearest neighbor (NN) classifiers, where efficient solutions to CP queries can be developed --- we show that it is possible to answer both queries in
linear or polynomial time
over
exponentially
many possible worlds. We demonstrate one example use case of CP in the important application of "data cleaning for machine learning (DC for ML)." We show that our proposed CPClean approach built based on CP can often significantly outperform existing techniques, particularly on datasets with systematic missing values. For example, on 5 datasets with systematic missingness, CPClean (with early termination) closes 100% gap on average by cleaning 36% of dirty data on average, while the best automatic cleaning approach BoostClean can only close 14% gap on average.
Ananke
Authors: Palyvos-Giannas Dimitris , Havers Bastian , Papatriantafilou Marina , Gulisano Vincenzo
Published: December 2021

Data streaming enables online monitoring of large and continuous event streams in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). In such scenarios, fine-grained backward provenance tools can connect streaming query results to the source data producing them, allowing analysts to study the dependency/causality of CPS events. While CPS monitoring commonly produces many events, backward provenance does not help prioritize event inspection since it does not specify if an event's provenance could still contribute to future results.

To cover this gap, we introduce
Ananke
, a framework to extend any fine-grained backward provenance tool and deliver a live bipartite graph of fine-grained forward provenance. With
Ananke
, analysts can prioritize the analysis of provenance data based on whether such data is still potentially being processed by the monitoring queries. We prove our solution is correct, discuss multiple implementations, including one leveraging streaming APIs for parallel analysis, and show
Ananke
results in small overheads, close to those of existing tools for fine-grained backward provenance.
Boredom in practical English language classes: a longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis-curve of factors model
Authors: Elahi Shirvan Majid , Yazdanmehr Elham , Taherian Tahereh , Kruk Mariusz , Pawlak Mirosław
Published: December 2021

The study aimed to examine temporal change of boredom in English classes (BPELC) and test the longitudinal validity of the boredom in practical English classes-revised (BPELC-R) scale via longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis-curve of factors model (LCFA-CFM) approach. This approach ensures measurement invariance of BPELC over time, deals with its second-order latent variables, and considers the assessment of inter-individual differences while experiencing the emotion. Data were collected from 412 EFL adult learners on four measurements using BPELC-R and were analyzed by Mplus with LCFA-CFM. The model fit was accepted, which indicates invariance of BPELC-R as well as the factor structure of the instrument including the factor loadings of its subscales over time. Without the consideration of LCFA of BPELC-R, as addressed in this study, any observed change of the construct in the course of language learning could be misinterpreted. Also, though the rate of change in boredom differed across individual L2 learners, they all experienced a decreasing trend over time. Furthermore, the negative association between the intercept and slope suggested that learners with higher initial levels of boredom experienced a steeper decrease over time. The decreasing pattern of boredom is discussed in light of the main theories of this construct.
Structures of spinors fiber bundles with special relativity of Dirac operator using the Clifford algebra
Authors: Hassan Yousif Atyeib Ibrahim
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how to use the mathematics of spinor bundles and their category. We have used the methods of principle fiber bundles obey thorough solid harmonic treatment of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds and spinor structures with Clifford algebras, which couple with Dirac operator to study important applications in cohomology theory.
Characterization of cellulose and TEMPO-oxidized celluloses prepared from Eucalyptus globulus
Authors: Ono Yuko , Takeuchi Miyuki , Zhou Yaxin , Isogai Akira
Published: December 2021

Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) cellulose was isolated from wood powder by dewaxing, delignification, and subsequent 4% NaOH extraction. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-piperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized eucalyptus celluloses were prepared from never-dried eucalyptus cellulose (EC) in yields of 96% and 72% (based on the dry weight of EC) when oxidized with NaOCl of 5 and 10 mmol/g-EC, respectively. Their carboxy contents were 1.4 and 1.8 mmol/g, respectively, when determined by conductivity titration. The crystallinity of cellulose I for EC decreased by TEMPO-mediated oxidation, showing that the originally crystalline region in EC was partly converted to disordered regions by TEMPO-mediated oxidation. Correspondingly, the relative signal area of C6‒OH/C1 with the trans-gauche (tg) conformation attributed to crystalline cellulose I in the solid-state 13C NMR spectrum of EC decreased from 0.42 to 0.34 by TEMPO-mediated oxidation with NaOCl of 10 mmol/g-EC. TEMPO-oxidized EC prepared with NaOCl of 10 mmol/g-EC was almost completely converted into individual TEMPO-oxidized EC nanofibrils (TEMPO-ECNFs) of homogeneous widths of ∼3 nm widths and lengths of >1 μm by mechanical disintegration in water. However, the TEMPO-ECNFs contained many kinks and had uneven surfaces, probably owing to significant damage occurring on the surface cellulose molecules of crystalline cellulose microfibrils during TEMPO-mediated oxidation.
M6A methylation-mediated elevation of SM22α inhibits the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and ameliorates intimal hyperplasia in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Bao-fu , Wu Zi-heng , Deng Jie , Jin Hao-jie , Chen Wei-biao , Zhang Sai , Liu Xiu-jie , Wang Wan-tie , Zheng Xiang-tao
Published: December 2021

Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by insulin resistance facilitates intimal hyperplasia of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification mediates the VSMC proliferation. This study aimed to reveal the m6A methylation modification regulatory mechanism. In this study, m6A demethylase FTO was elevated in insulin-treated VSMCs and T2DM mice with intimal injury. Functionally, FTO knockdown elevated m6A methylation level and further restrained VSMC proliferation and migration induced by insulin. Mechanistically, FTO knockdown elevated Smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α) expression and m6A-binding protein IGF2BP2 enhanced SM22α mRNA stability by recognizing and binding to m6A methylation modified mRNA. In vivo studies confirmed that the elevated m6A modification level of SM22α mRNA mitigated intimal hyperplasia in T2DM mice. Conclusively, m6A methylation-mediated elevation of SM22α restrained VSMC proliferation and migration and ameliorated intimal hyperplasia in T2DM.
Biases in Maximum Simulated Likelihood Estimation of Bivariate Models
Authors: Jumamyradov Maksat , Munkin Murat K.
Published: December 2021

This paper finds that the maximum simulated likelihood (MSL) estimator produces substantial biases when applied to the bivariate normal distribution. A specification of the random parameter bivariate normal model is considered, in which a direct comparison between the MSL and maximum likelihood (ML) estimators is feasible. The analysis shows that MSL produces biased results for the correlation parameter. This paper also finds that the MSL estimator is biased for the bivariate Poisson-lognormal model, developed by Munkin and Trivedi (1999. “Simulated Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Multivariate Mixed-Poisson Regression Models, with Application.” The Econometrics Journal 2: 29–48). A simulation study is conducted, which shows that MSL leads to serious inferential biases, especially large when variance parameters in the true data generating process are small. The MSL estimator produces biases in the estimated marginal effects, conditional means and probabilities of count outcomes.
Perinatal outcomes in women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: comparison with contemporary and matched pre-COVID-19 controls
Authors: Lucovnik Miha , Druskovic Mirjam , Vidmar Simic Marijana , Verdenik Ivan , Mesaric Vita , Kosir Renata , Kornhauser Cerar Lilijana , Tojner Bregar Andreja , Steblovnik Lili , Kavsek Gorazd , Premru Srsen Tanja
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To compare perinatal outcomes in women with vs. without severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Methods

Perinatal outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women who delivered at our institution between October 27th 2020 and January 31st 2021 were compared to SARS-CoV-2 negative pregnancies (contemporary controls) and historical 2019 controls matched by maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index and parity. Testing was performed based on symptoms or close contact at any time during pregnancy and as part of universal screening at hospital admission. Multivariable log-linear regression models were used adjusting for potential confounders (p < 0.05 statistically significant).

Results

One thousand three hundred seventeen women delivered at our institution during the study period. 1,124 (85%) tested negative and 193 (15%) positive for SARS-CoV-2. 189 (98%) were infected during third trimester. 19 (10%) were asymptomatic, 171 (89%) had mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and 3 (2%) were critically ill with one case of maternal death. There were no significant differences in preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age birth weight, congenital anomalies, operative delivery, intrapartum hypoxia, and perinatal mortality in SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnancies compared to contemporary reference group or historical controls from pre-COVID-19 period. Labor was more commonly induced in SARS-CoV-2 positive women compared to reference SARS-CoV-2 negative group (68 [35%] vs. 278 [25%], adjusted odds ratio 1.62; 95% confidence interval 1.14–2.28).

Conclusions

SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy was not strongly associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. While the majority of SARS-CoV-2 positive women had no or mild/moderate symptoms, 2% were critically ill, with one case of maternal death.
The Public Right and Wrongs: Tort Theory and the Problem of Public Nuisance
Authors: Sebok Anthony J.
Published: December 2021

Tort theory over the past two decades has been characterized by a fruitful dialectic between two models. Instrumentalism, especially, in its deterrence mode, has been promoted by a wide coalition of scholars and jurists. In response, various critics of instrumentalism have argued for the autonomy of tort law, first under the umbrella of corrective justice and later under civil recourse. The success of civil recourse depends in part on its ability to explain emerging areas of focus in tort law. One such area is public nuisance, which, despite some setbacks, is viewed by the plaintiffs bar, state actors, and some members of the academy as an effective tool to address significant social problems, such as the opioid crisis. This article asks whether, and how, civil recourse theory can accommodate modern public nuisance law.
Raman spectra of MCl-Ga2S3-GeS2(M = Na, K, Rb) glasses
Authors: Bokova Maria , Paraskiva Alla , Kassem Mohammad , Bychkov Eugene
Published: December 2021

Raman spectra of (MY)x(Ga2S3)0.2−0.2x(GeS2)0.8−0.8xpseudo-ternary glassy systems (M = Na, K, Rb; Y = Cl, Br, I) were investigated systematically as a function of MY nature and alkali content. Raman spectroscopy of the Ga3S3-GeS2glassy matrix shows a complicated local structure: corner-sharing CS- and edge-sharing ES-GeS4/2tetrahedra, Ga-S triclusters and ETH-Ga2S6/2ethane-like units. The Ga2S6/2population decreases with increasingxrelated to a substitution of some bridging sulfur atoms around central Ga by terminal Y species with a respective decrease of the network rigidity. The formation of mixed Ga-(S,Y) environment is affected by the M+ion size and the MY concentration.
Interventions of Unani medicine for maintenance of health with special reference to air quality: an evidence-based review
Authors: Akhlaq Shaheen , Ara Shabnam Anjum , Ahmad Bilal , Fazil Mohammad , Akram Usama , Haque Merajul , Khan Asim Ali
Published: December 2021

Objectives

This article aims to discuss the impact of air quality on human health, measures to achieve the goal of good indoor air quality and proposed benefits of interventions of Unani Medicine with an evidence-based approach.

Content

The significance of air quality on the health of the community cannot be denied. Recent evidences from WHO illustrated data on severe air pollutants and their impacts on human health ranges from minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic respiratory ailments including lung carcinoma and heart disease associated with premature mortality and reduced life expectancy. In Unani Medicine, air has been included in the list of factors, which are six in number and play the central role in prevention of diseases and maintenance of health. Air is considered as the medium of most of the extrinsic factors such as chemical and biological pollutants affecting health and their exposure results in short and long-term health issues. The literature of Unani Medicine proposes many simple and effective measures, which help to improve indoor and outdoor air quality. The goal of outdoor clean air is achieved through implementation of measures to tackle the source of pollution, while indoor clean air is attained through various means e.g., fumigation with herbal drugs. Hence, an extensive literature survey on Unani reserve was conducted to collect information about the concept of air discussed under the heading of six essential factors and its implication in prevention of diseases and maintenance of health. Further, research databases such as Pub Med, Google Scholar, and Science-Direct were broadly searched for evidence on the efficacy of herbals mentioned in Unani literature for the indoor air purification and subsequent air quality improvement.

Summary and outlook

Recent studies showed good air quality leads to decrease in mortality, particularly of respiratory and cardiovascular deaths whereas poor air quality results in a variety of diseases. Unani scholars prescribed several regimens such as Bukhoor (Fumigation), Sa’oot (Nasal instillation) and use of Abeer (Perfumes) and Nadd (Incense) for the improvement of air quality. Likewise various herbal fumigants and sprays containing drugs like mī’a sā’ila (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.), mastagi (Pistacia lentiscus L.), mushk (Moschus moschiferus L.), loban (Styrax benzoides W. G. Craib), ābnoos (Diospyros ebenum J. Koenig ex Retz), zā’fran (Crocus sativus L.) and sirka (vinegar) etc. has been well explained and used exclusively for air purification and improvement of AQI. Therefore, in the present scenario of altered air quality, we forward certain measures described in Unani system of medicine for health promotion and protection. Scientific evidence on several drugs reveal the presence of a number of pharmacologically active substances, which may provide a new approach into the purification of air.
The Effect of Global Financial Crisis and Ethiopian Monetary Policy Measures: Review on the pre-and post-crisis scenario
Authors: Bate Adisu Fanta
Published: December 2021

Policymakers and leaders usually fail to grasp a sound lesson from the eco- nomic hurdles and crises countries face. This paper, thus, is intended to review and articulate the causes and effects of the global financial crisis, and how the Ethiopian monetary policy reacted and mitigated the crisis. The data for the analysis were collected from various sources including IMF, World Bank, National Bank of Ethiopia, and research articles from 2003 to 2019. The review reveals that even during the crisis in 2009, Ethiopia was among the top five fastest-growing countries in the world by an average of 10.5%, which is twice the average growth of Sub-Sahara African countries (5 %). It had become the seventh-largest economy in Africa and the 69th in the world with a GDP PPP of 118.2$ Billion as of 2013. Some of the main reasons for the con- tinued growth of the country amid crisis could be the desynchronization of the country’s financial market with the international financial market, an insig- nificant share of mortgage loans in domestic financial sector services, and high-level government-led infrastructure investment coupled with China’s economic alliance. However, the significant effect of the crisis was observed in the country’s exports, remittance, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). To shun the related inflationary effect, the government increased the minimum deposit interest rate, reserve, and liquidity requirements, and reinstated the credit restrictions. Also, the immediate alert was given to commercial banks to give proper attention in managing credit risk and reducing non-performing loans to below 5% and overdraft facilities. Given the above-mentioned facts, the monetary policy measures were effective to stabilize the economy & sus- tain the growth. In the end, the offshoots & setbacks of the unsynchronized financial market, government-led investment & fettered mortgage loans are addressed, and the way forward is marked out.
The Priming Effect of a Heavy or Very Heavy Resisted Sled Sprint-Based Conditioning Activity on Subsequent Unresisted Sprint Performance in Team Field Sport Athletes
Authors: Monahan Maria , Egan Brendan
Published: December 2021

Monahan, M and Egan, B. The priming effect of a heavy or very heavy resisted sled sprint-based conditioning activity on subsequent unresisted sprint performance in team field sport athletes.J Strength Cond Res37(1): 91–97, 2023—The effect of resisted sled sprinting (RSS) on postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE) was investigated in team field sport athletes (n= 28; m and female, 15 and 13; age, 22.1 ± 2.5 years; height, 1.77 ± 0.11 m; body mass [BM], 75.1 ± 16.4 kg). After a standardized warm-up, unresisted sprint (URS) performance was measured over 10- and 20-m (PRE) followed by a conditioning activity (CA) consisting of 3 × 20 m RSS. Unresisted sprint performance was then measured again at 30 seconds and 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 minutes after CA. The effect of heavy (H-RSS) or very heavy (VH-RSS) sled loads were compared during 2 separate visits using a randomized crossover design. Heavy-resisted sled sprinting and VH-RSS loads corresponded to a velocity decrement (Vdec) of 17.3 ± 3.6%Vdec(20.0 ± 2.3%BM) and 52.9 ± 3.8%Vdec(64.3 ± 7.0%BM), respectively. Unresisted sprint performance after CA was slower than PRE over 10- and 20-m (bothp< 0.001 for time). The decline in URS performance over 20-m was greater in VH-RSS (time × sled load interaction,p= 0.033). However, after extraction of the fastest sprint times after CA, the fastest sprint time for 10-m improved after H-RSS by 0.026 (0.001, 0.050) seconds (p= 0.040;d= 0.21) but not after VH-RSS (p= 0.054;d= 0.14). The fastest sprint times for 20-m were similar to PRE after H-RSS and VH-RSS. No sex-specific differences were observed. Given the high intersubject variability in the magnitude of improvement, and for the time point at which the fastest sprint occurred, there remains questionable practical value to an RSS-based CA as a means to induce a PAPE for URS performance.
Thou Shalt not Kill, Unless it is not a Human: Target Dehumanization May Influence Decision Difficulty and Response Patterns for Moral Dilemmas
Authors: Bai Hui , Euh Hyun , Federico Christopher M. , Borgida Eugene
Published: December 2021

Past research on moral dilemmas has thoroughly investigated the roles of personality and situational variables, but the role of targets in moral dilemmas has been relatively neglected. This article presents findings from four experiments that manipulated the perceived dehumanization of targets in moral dilemmas. Findings from Studies 1, 2, and 4 suggest that dehumanized targets may render the decision easier, and with less emotion. Findings from Studies 1 and 3, though not Studies 2 and 4, showed that dehumanization of targets in dilemmas may lead participants to make less deontological judgments. Findings from Study 3, but not Study 4, suggest that the effects of dehumanization manipulation on decision choices are potentially due to reduced deontological, but not utilitarian judgments. Though the patterns are somewhat inconsistent across the studies, overall, results suggest that targets' dehumanization can play a role in how people make their decisions in moral dilemmas.
Involvement of Denervated Midbrain-Derived Factors in the Formation of Ectopic Cortico-Mesencephalic Projection after Hemispherectomy
Authors: Chang Leechung , Masada Mayuko , Kojima Masami , Yamamoto Nobuhiko
Published: December 2021

Neuronal remodeling after brain injury is essential for functional recovery. After unilateral cortical lesion, axons from the intact cortex ectopically project to the denervated midbrain, but the molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. To address this issue, we examined gene expression profiles in denervated and intact mouse midbrains after hemispherectomy at early developmental stages using mice of either sex, when ectopic contralateral projection occurs robustly. The analysis showed that various axon growth-related genes were upregulated in the denervated midbrain, and most of these genes are reportedly expressed by glial cells. To identify the underlying molecules, the receptors for candidate upregulated molecules were knocked out in layer 5 projection neurons in the intact cortex, using the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated method, and axonal projection from the knocked-out cortical neurons was examined after hemispherectomy. We found that the ectopic projection was significantly reduced when integrin subunit β three or neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (also known as TrkB) was knocked out. Overall, the present study suggests that denervated midbrain-derived glial factors contribute to lesion-induced remodeling of the cortico-mesencephalic projection via these receptors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAfter brain injury, compensatory neural circuits are established that contribute to functional recovery. However, little is known about the intrinsic mechanism that underlies the injury-induced remodeling. We found that after unilateral cortical ablation expression of axon-growth promoting factors is elevated in the denervated midbrain and is involved in the formation of ectopic axonal projection from the intact cortex. Evidence further demonstrated that these factors are expressed by astrocytes and microglia, which are activated in the denervated midbrain. Thus, our present study provides a new insight into the mechanism of lesion-induced axonal remodeling and further therapeutic strategies after brain injury.
URBAN MAGNETISM IN THE GLOBAL CITY FRAMEWORK: EXPLORING THE LINK BETWEEN URBAN FUNCTIONS AND POPULATION GROWTH
Authors: Stanković Jelena J. , Marjanović Ivana , Drezgić Saša
Published: December 2021

Dynamics in global processes have led to a number of political, economic and cultural changes that have resulted in the emergence of global cities. In the hierarchy of global cities, those who successfully use the limited available resources and offer an adaptable and flexible living environment, represent the most competitive global cities. Nonetheless, accelerated globalization has conditioned direct competition of global cities for different resources, and one of the most desirable being highly-skilled, talented and creative residents. In such conditions, city leaders face the need to understand the concept and factors of urban magnetism. The analysis of the determinants of urban magnetism can facilitate the formulation of concrete actions aimed at increasing the attractiveness of the city, which ultimately leads to the preservation of long-term socio-economic development of cities. Although financial wellbeing and incentives were considered to be a key factor of urban magnetism, contemporary research approaches have emphasized other factors that may influence urban attractiveness. Starting from that point of view, this paper aims to identify the main urban functions that influence the cities’ size with an analysis focusing on global cities worldwide. The panel regression analysis is applied to the sample of 39 global cities over the period from 2013 until 2019 and the data on urban functions are obtained from the Global Power City Index (GPCI). The results indicate that the size of the global cities population is positively affected by urban functions related to the cultural interaction and accessibility, while research and development function influences negatively on the size of the urban population. Results of the paper led to the conclusion that contemporary urban management strategies need to be defined and implemented aimed at improving the urban magnetism beyond economic performance of the city, focusing on sustainability and urban quality of life.
Analysis Of The Punishment Of Penalties By Courts For Wrongful Death During Violation Of Rules Of Road Safety Or Operation Of Transport
Authors: Lutskyi T.M.
Published: December 2021

The article covers the methodology and results of the analysis of sentencing for violation of traffic safety rules or operation of transport by persons who drive vehicles which caused caused the death of the victim or death (Part 2 and part 3 of Article 286 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine).

The ratio of the type and amount of punishment imposed by courts under this articleі of the Criminal Code of Ukraine on the basis of sentences passed by courts during 2019 is given. The appointment of the courts under the sanction of Part 2 and 3 of Article 286 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine of each of the types of penalty is analyzed. The author outlined the main aspects in the using of these types of punishments by the courts. The article also reveals the characteristics of the application by the courts of the provisions of Articles 69 and 75 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Among other things, the author examined the state of application by the courts of additional punishment in the form of deprivation of the right to drive vehicles. According to the results, such an additional punishment in 2019 was applied by courts in less than half of the analyzed sentences.

All court verdicts for 2019, contained in the Unified State Register of court decisions rendered in respect of crimes under Part 2 and Part 3 of Art. 286 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which resulted in negligent death of another person.

In addition, the author of the article suggested possible solutions to the problem, which are likely to arise as a result of the mandatory deprivation of the right to drive vehicles. According to the results of the analysis, the author identified the problems that arise when sentencing courts under Part 2 and part 3 of Art. 286 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and suggested possible ways to solve them. It also covers the expediency of release by a court from serving a sentence of reprimand for negligent death of a person as a result of violation of traffic safety rules and operation of transport, as well as the imposition of a milder punishment than provided by law.
EU Criminal Law Policy Under The Lisbon Treaty
Authors: Kotsubei O.O.
Published: December 2021

The new provisions introduced by the Lisbon Treaty provide flexibility and thus eliminate many questions about whether the EU can be empowered to act in any area of criminal law. However, its powers and tools raise other issues. First, the Lisbon reforms demonstrate an agreement to disagree on whether centralized action should form a major part of national legislation. Although the application of mutual recognition as a constitutional standard implies that Member States remain at the forefront of law enforcement, the Lisbon Treaty clearly allows for future decisions on the centralization of powers in EU institutions such as Europol and Eurojust. It also does not provide for unconditional criminal jurisdiction, but imposes some restrictions. Directives are also a problem as a legal instrument by which the Union can establish minimum rules. Given the significant limitations of the Directive as a tool and the potential lack of direct impact on instruments containing minimum rules, the question arises as to whether any provisions in the section on Freedom, Security and Justice can allow the creation of directly applicable criminal law in the form of regulations. acts, or whether it is possible to use these or other powers that are allegedly outside the scope of this section to circumvent the references to the directives. In addition, it should not be forgotten that the TFEU provides for exclusive, shared and supportive competences in the field of criminal law policy.
Evolution Of Scientific Approaches To Understanding Local Corporate Lawmaking
Authors: Sulyma A.P.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the origins of the modem understanding of local corporate lawmaking of corporations. The works of both representatives of the Soviet doctrine of the state and law, and the works of modern scholars were analyzed - in particular their views on local lawmaking and local corporate lawmaking of legal entities.

The author expresses an opinion that most modern approaches stem from the doctrine of lawmaking of the Soviet period of science development and do not correspond to the modern development of the legal system (including such a complex area of law as corporate law) and economic relations in Ukraine. The author notes that among the types of local lawmaking, representatives of modern legal theory most often single out lawmaking of non-governmental organization, which dates back to the 70s of the XX century, suggested that they do not take into account the then understanding of the concept of «non-governmental organization».

Concluded that in most works on the theory of law, which distinguish local lawmaking as an independent form, the focus is on lawmaking, which is specifically associated with executive agencies and labor relations.

The author draws the conclusion that local corporate acts appeared in Ukraine and received the first theoretical substantiation by scientists because of the development of market relations and entrepreneurship, as well as the presence of dispositive norms in the laws or lack of regulation of certain relations. These allowed achieving such a settlement by adopting local regulations: the constituent documents (statute and founding agreement) and acts of internal regulation of the legal entity (so-called internal corporate acts).
Legal Problems In The Field Of Combating Crimes Of International Nature Committed By Organized Criminal Groups
Authors: Malanchuk T.V. , Kyrychenko V.S.
Published: December 2021

The article considers the problem of combating international crime as one of the most negative social phenomena of our time. Today, the world is facing the fact that international crime has become a reality and a global problem. A powerful, comprehensive and diverse system of measures is used to combat international crimes committed by organized crime groups. The purpose of our study is to identify the problems of legal regulation in the fight against crimes of an international nature committed by organized criminal groups and to identify ways to solve this problem. The results of this work are that the growth of international crime has become an obvious problem today. It is impossible to overestimate the damage caused by transnational organized crime groups, which occupy not only one specific state, but entire regions and continents. Practice shows that it is impossible to effectively combat this type of crime within one state, hence the need for international cooperation to address this global problem. We believe that the desired result in the fight against transnational organized crime in Ukraine can be obtained only due to the complex nature of the activity, and the existing methods should undergo significant changes and expand both nationally and internationally. In these circumstances, the further development of international cooperation between states in the fight against crime, in accordance with current realities, is one of the priorities of the world community. The issue of developing a unified international anti-crime policy, which includes not only international legal mechanisms, but also a wide range of measures aimed at preventing international crime, is relevant. Obviously, the adoption of a new UN Convention against Transnational Crime is a new stage in shaping such a policy at the global level.
Possibilities Usage Blockchain Technology For Protect Intellectual Property Rights In Ukraine
Authors: Zinych L.V.
Published: December 2021

In the article the author explores the prospects of using blockchain technologies to protect intellectual property rights. The purpose of this study is to identify the main advantages of this technology, analysis of foreign legislation and proposals for improving existing legislation. The analysis of activity of operating services on the basis of blockchain technology WIPO Proof, Blinded, Ascribe and practice of their application is carried out.

Promising areas of use of blockchain technology in the field of intellectual property should be: ensuring the automatic storage of data of applications for intellectual property rights; opportunity to confirm intellectual property rights; separations of access rights to the object of intellectual property rights.

Ensuring automatic storage of data of applicants for intellectual property rights. Services based on blockchain technology allow you to securely store user data. The reliability and completeness of the data rests with the user of the services.

Ability to confirm intellectual property rights. Analyzing advantages and disadvantages of blochchain technology, it should be noted that this technology will have a positive result in Ukraine, namely build on the basic technology of blockchain register of intellectual property rights. By analogy with the State Land Cadastral to blockchain technology.

Separation of access right to the object of intellectual property rights. The advantage of this service is the ability to enter into smart contracts, which are confidential because they are stored in encrypted form, reduces time and money. The parties can be sure that the terms of the agreement will be met, and no one will change them.

In conclusion, blockchain technology has significant prospects and provides an opportunity to qualitatively transform the field of intellectual property in the direction of providing reliable evidence of authorship, facilitating content control and user rights management.
Theoretical aspects of distinguishing the concepts of «scientific and technical information» and «information resource»
Authors: Bashuryn N.Ia.
Published: December 2021

Scientific and technical information is a complex object that may under certain conditions fall under the legal regulation of information, civil law, including copyright and patent law. The author examines the manifestations of scientific and technical information as an object of civil rights in particular. The concept of scientific and technical information and its specific features are defined. The article states that as an object of civil law, scientific and technical information can be interpreted as a personal intangible asset, as well as an informational scientific and technical product or informational scientific and technical resource. To qualitatively distinguish these concepts, their definitions and basic identifying features are given. The article states that despite the delimitation of these concepts, they are closely interrelated and often interdependent. It is noted that the information product and information resource are not identical concepts, although as an object of civil rights have a similar legal nature and characteristics. The author consider, that scientific and technical information as a good has no value and cannot be the subject of property relations. The product-subject (thing) circulates in the information market and has a value in the form of an information product or resource, is characterized by individually defined features of the thing and is the subject of transactions. It is determined that scientific and technical information and scientific and technical information product or resource - categories are not identical in content, because: 1) scientific and technical information is good; scientific and technical information product (resource) - a thing; rights on scientific and technical information, if it contains indications about the object of intellectual property rights, - regulated by the subinstitution of exclusive rights; rights from a scientific and technical information product or scientific and technical information resource - the institute of property law.
The Concept And Legal Nature Of Amendments To The Contract
Authors: Shymanska N.S.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the concept and legal nature of amendments to the contract. It is established that this legal phenomenon due to the rapid development of market relations is becoming widespread. The meaning of the concept of «change» and its legal nature are analyzed. An exhaustive list of possible options for exercising the right to amend the contract has been made. According to the results of scientific research of different points of view of civilians of different epochs on the concept of «change of contract terms», the own definition of the mentioned concept is formulated and it is proposed to make appropriate changes to the current Civil Code of Ukraine. After all, the perfect legislative regulation of certain relations begins with the consolidation of their definition, in order to have a common understanding of the concept.

In our opinion, the lack of a legislative definition of the term “change of contract terms” is a negative phenomenon, as it leads to unequal understanding of the concept by parties, substitution of concepts, violation of the rights of parties, different case law, which is based on the results of consideration of the category of cases related to amendments to the contract. Therefore, we believe that the CC of Ukraine should be amended by including Article 650 1 «The concept of changing the terms of the contract», by which we mean the process, active behavior of the party (parties), which aims to create new or edit existing terms of the contract to bring it in accordance with certain life circumstances, legal norms, as well as its optimization, the purpose of which is to obtain by the party (parties) a certain positive result of property and / or non-property nature. The implementation of these changes will make it possible to avoid the above-mentioned negative consequences in the future and will ensure the introduction of uniform case law in resolving disputes related to amendments to the contract.