bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Portrait as a Hybrid Category in the Works of Ewa Kuryluk
Authors: Bykova Anna
Published: November 2021

This article examines the methods of self-portrayal in the literary and artistic works of Ewa
Kuryluk. She employs different strategies of self-portrayal, but they ivariably emphasize its hybridity.
This aspect of Kuryluk’s art is refl ected on several different levels: media, genology and character
construction.
A Never-Ending Masquerade: Luc Besson’s Fifth Element
Authors: Michalina Lubaszewska
Published: November 2021

This article shows Luc Besson’s Fifth Element as a hybrid fi lm, exploiting different genre formulas. Besson uses genre conventions as if they screened off the fi lm’s deep structure. Seemingly,
the science fi ction formula determines its iconographic dimension. At the same time, melodrama
is the principal hidden genre of Fifth Element. The main characters in the fi lm imitate typical heroes
of science fi ction and action movies, and Besson gradually dismantles this camouflage.
Adaptations of Hybrids: Literary Plays with Genres in Contemporary Polish
Cinema (Spoor and Darkness and Dark, Almost Night)
Authors: Birkholc Robert
Published: November 2021

The article discusses the problem of genre hybridity and the play with genres from a comparative perspective on the example of Drive Your Plough Over the Bones of the Dead by Olga
Tokarczuk and Dark, Almost Night by Joanna Bator as well as of their fi lm adaptations, directed
by Agnieszka Holland and Borys Lankosz, respectively. In both novels, generic and stylistic hybridity
does not only fulfi ll a ludic function, but more importantly serves to express a social critique, and
their fi lm adaptations refl ect this. Spoor is a creative adaptation which – through the combination
of genres and styles – questions ethical norms often regarded as axioms and prompts the viewer
to reconsider the relationship between humans and animals. Dark, Almost Night approaches the
complex combination of genres in the literary original in a reductive way, which affects its message.
The study of adaptations should not focus on the issue of „fi delity”, but rather examine how the
change of the medium transforms the original textual structures and their use of social discourses.
„Machine Gun of Young Literature” – Fronts of Combat and Cooperation
of the Warsaw Artistic Club S (1933–1936)
Authors: Cymerman Jarosław
Published: November 2021

The article discusses the activity of the Warsaw Artistic Club S which functioned in the years
1933–1936 and was one of the more important (though now largely forgotten) literary initiatives
referring to the achievement of the Polish 1920s avant-garde. It looks at the club’s origin,
development, sc ope of activity and place in the context of the contemporaneous literary movements.
The differences between the views of the club’s leading members prevented the formulation
of a common program, and therefore limited its infl uence on the shape of Polish interwar literature.
Hegesias or Descartes: Jerzy Stempowski Reads Wacław Berent
Authors: Książyk Łukasz
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes Jerzy Stempowski’s text Skepticism in the works of Wacław Berent with
regard to how the author’s understanding of Berent’s skepticism refl ects his larger view of Polish
culture, perceived as a Central European culture. Berent’s novels Fachowiec and Próchno have
been used as the literary material for analysis.
Retrospective Analysis of Adult Patients Presenting to the Acute Care Setting Requesting Prescriptions
Authors: Shepherd Lisa , Mucciaccio Meagan , VanAarsen Kristine
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Patient visits to the emergency department (ED) or urgent care centre (UCC) for the sole purpose of requesting prescriptions are challenging for the patient, the physician, and the department. The primary objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of these patients, the nature of their requests, and the response to these requests. Our secondary objective was to determine the proportion of these medication requests that had street value.

Methods: This was a retrospective, electronic chart review of all adult patients requesting a prescription from a two-site ED and/or an UCC in a medium-sized Canadian city between April 1, 2014–June 30, 2017. Recorded outcomes included patient demographic data and access to a family doctor, medication requested, whether or not a prescription was given, and ED length of stay. Medication street value was determined using a local police service listing.

Results: A total of 2,265 prescriptions were requested by 1,495 patients. The patient median [interquartile range] age was 43 [32-54] years. A family doctor was documented by 55.4% (939/1,694) of patients. The two most commonly requested categories of medications were opioid analgesics 21.2% (481/2,265) and benzodiazepine anxiolytics 11.7% (266/2,265). Of patients requesting medication, 50.5% (755/1,495) requested medications without street value including some with potential to cause serious adverse health effects if discontinued. The requested prescription was received by 19.9% (298/1,495) of patients; 15.3% (173/1,134) returned for further prescription requests. The 90th percentile length of stay was 3.2 and 5.6 hours at the UCC and ED, respectively.

Conclusion: Patients who presented to the ED or UCC sought medications with and without street value in almost equal measure. A more robust understanding of these patients and their requests illustrates why a ‘one-size-fits-all’ response to these requests is inappropriate and signals some fault lines within our local healthcare system.
A Scoping Review of Emergency Department Discharge Risk Stratification
Authors: Jaffe Todd , Wang Daniel , Loveless Bosten , Lai Debbie , Loesche Michael , White Benjamin , Raja Ali , He Shuhan
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Although emergency department (ED) discharge presents patient-safety challenges and opportunities, the ways in which EDs address discharge risk in the general ED population remains disparate and largely uncharacterized. In this study our goal was to conduct a review of how EDs identify and target patients at increased risk at time of discharge.

Methods: We conducted a literature search to explore how EDs assess patient risk upon discharge, including a review of PubMed and gray literature. After independently screening articles for inclusion, we recorded study characteristics including outcome measures, patient risk factors, and tool descriptions. Based on this review and discussion among collaborators, major themes were identified.

Results: PubMed search yielded 384 potentially eligible articles. After title and abstract review, we screened 235 for potential inclusion. After full text and reference review, supplemented by Google Scholar and gray literature reviews, we included 30 articles for full review. Three major themes were elucidated: 1) Multiple studies include retrospective risk assessment, whereas the use of point-of-care risk assessment tools appears limited; 2) of the point-of-care tools that exist, inputs and outcome measures varied, and few were applicable to the general ED population; and 3) while many studies describe initiatives to improve the discharge process, few describe assessment of post-discharge resource needs.

Conclusion: Numerous studies describe factors associated with an increased risk of readmission and adverse events after ED discharge, but few describe point-of-care tools used by physicians for the general ED population. Future work is needed to investigate standardized tools that assess ED discharge risk and patients’ needs upon ED discharge.
Association Between Overweight and Obesity and Overactive Bladder in Children: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Saffari Fatemeh , Mahyar Abolfazl , Kavian Amir , Arad Banafsheh
Published: November 2021

Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common cause of voiding dysfunction in children and is classified as lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). In recent studies, obesity and overweight are assumed as risk factors for voiding dysfunction and urinary incontinence in children. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between overweight and obesity with OAB in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study measured BMI in 56 children aged between 3 and 16 years with OAB (case group) and 56 healthy matched children (control group). Overweight and obesity were compared between the two groups. The study also accessed lower urinary tract symptoms and their association with BMI in the OAB children. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 18.0 for windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Results: The mean age of the OAB patients was 7.71 ± 2.65 years, and 38 (67.8%) of them were female. Frequency and holding maneuvers were the most prevalent complaints. A history of urinary tract infection was detected in 46 (82.1%) of the OAB patients. There were no significant differences in overweight and obesity between the two groups (P = 0.23). Conclusions: No correlation was observed between overweight and obesity with OAB. The reason may be different socioeconomic conditions or malnutrition in these children. Thus, it is recommended to perform a study with a larger sample size in our community to assess malnutrition in the general children population.
The Effect of the Yeast Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii on Acute Diarrhea in Children
Authors: Mahyar Abolfazl , Ayazi Parviz , Pashaei Haleh , Arad Banafsheh , Oveisi Sonia , Esmaeili Shiva
Published: November 2021

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of yeast probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii on the frequency and duration of acute diarrhea in children. Methods: Sixty children were randomized to receive yeast probiotic S. boulardii in a daily dose of 250 mg (trial group-30 patients) or placebo (control group-30 patients) for five days. The clinical and demographic characteristics of two groups were recorded before the intervention. After intervention, the two groups were compared in terms of frequency of diarrhea, duration of diarrhea, and hospital stay. Results: The median (interquartile range) of frequency of diarrhea in the trial group was significantly lower than placebo group (4 [2] vs. 5 [2.5]) (P = 0.04). Also, the median (interquartile range) of duration of diarrhea in the trial group was significantly lower than placebo group (3 [2] vs. 4 [2.5]) (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference between groups for hospital stay (P = 0.8). Conclusions: The present study reveals that the use of yeast probiotic S. boulardii can reduce the frequency and duration of acute diarrhea. Therefore, we recommended S. boulardii administration to acute diarrhea in children.
Cost-utility Analysis of Second-generation Direct-acting Antivirals for Hepatitis C
Authors: Goudarzi Zahra , Poursamad Abdollah , Karimzadeh Iman , Jallaly Nahid , Keshavarz Khosro , Alavian Seyed Moayed
Published: November 2021

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to increased mortality, disability, and liver transplantation if left untreated, and it is associated with a possible increase in disease burden in the future, all of which would surely have a significant impact on the health system. New antiviral regimens are effective in the treatment of the disease yet expensive. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of three medication regimens, namely, ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF), velpatasvir/sofosbuvir, and daclatasvir/sofosbuvir (DCV/SOF) for HCV patients with genotype 1 in Iran. Methods: A Markov model with a lifetime horizon was developed to predict the costs and outcomes of the three mentioned medication therapy strategies. The final outcome of the study was quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), which was obtained using the previously published studies. The study was conducted from the perspective of the Health Ministry; therefore, only direct medical costs were estimated. The results were provided as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per QALY. Ultimately, the one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were used to measure the strength of study results. Results: The results showed that the QALYs for LDV/SOF, DCV/SOF, and VEL/SOF were 13.25, 13.94, and 14.61, and the costs were 4,807, 7,716, and 4,546$, respectively. The VEL/SOF regimen had lower costs and higher effectiveness than the LDV/SOF and DCV/SOF regimens, making it a dominant strategy. The tornado diagram results showed that the study results had the highest sensitivity to chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and compensated cirrhosis (CC) state costs. Moreover, the scatter plots showed that the VEL/SOF was the dominant therapeutic strategy in 73% of the simulations compared to LDV/SOF and 66% of the simulations compared to DCV/SOF; moreover, it was in the acceptable region in 92% of the simulations and below the threshold. Therefore, it was considered the most cost-effective strategy. Moreover, the results showed that DCV/SOF was in the acceptable region below the threshold in 69% of the simulations compared to LDV/SOF. Therefore, the DCV/SOF regimen was more cost-effective than LDV/SOF. Conclusions: According to the present study results, it is suggested that the VEL/SOF regimen be used as the first line of therapy in patients with HCV genotype 1. Moreover, DCV/SOF can be the second-line medication regimen.
Teaching the Enlightenment in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Goldner Erik ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2021

This article presents both practical tips for, and explores theoretical considerations related to, teaching the Enlightenment in the twenty-first century college classroom. It begins by reviewing some of the many resources instructors today can use as they guide their students through the Enlightenment. It then explores how scholars’ understanding of the period has changed over time, before examining what students learn about the Enlightenment before they come to college, and then considers the politics of teaching the Enlightenment today. The article then pivots back to the practical and explores the many things we can do with our students as we engage with the Enlightenment. However the Enlightenment may be conceived—whether as one or many, reformist or revolutionary, a movement or a series of debates—this article argues it is vital we keep teaching it in these times.
Prohibition of trafficking in human beings under the auspices of human rights
Authors: Šurlan Tijana
Published: November 2021

The following work is dedicated to the consideration of the prohibition of human trafficking from the aspect of human rights. The initial thesis is that human trafficking cannot be reduced only to the criminal law aspect, but that by standardizing this prohibition within the constitutions and international treaties in the field of human rights, this institute is positioned hierarchically at the highest level of the legal order. In the first part of the paper, the legal framework is examined, primarily international law and then constitutional law. The second part analyzes the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Serbia. The analysis of courts` decisions was used as a basis for the theoretical formulation of the most important aspects of the prohibition of trafficking in human beings as a category of human rights. Special emphasis was placed on the consideration of the positive obligations of the states undertaken by the ratification of international treaties in the field of human rights and the matter of the fight against human trafficking.
Financial investigation and adequacy of state response to property crime: Norm and practice in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Čvorović Dragana , Vari Vince , Tilovska-Kechegi Elena
Published: November 2021

The subject matter of the paper includes criminal legal (theoretical, normative and practical) issues of financial investigation as an increasingly important instrument of adequacy of the state response to property crime. A lot of issues have been analysed and particular attention has been paid to the following issues: the notion and assumptions of the adequacy of the state response to property crime; criminal and political reasons for the necessity of conducting a financial investigation, as well as the most important features of its standardization and practical realization (conditions, subject matter and objectives, as well as the basic principles of its implementation-urgency and timeliness of the procedure, exclusion of the possibility of invoking confidentiality of data, transfer of burden of proof to the suspect, confidentiality of the collected data, etc.) At the end of the paper, the authors' position regarding the adequacy of the analysed legal norms in terms of the desired degree of success in detecting, proving and confiscating property acquired through the commission of criminal offenses is presented.
An overview of the history of Serbian-British relations
Authors: Karličić Miljkan
Published: November 2021

The upcoming year, 2022, marks a jubilee - 185 years since the establishment of official diplomatic relations between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland at the very beginning of its Victorian era, and the Principality of Serbia at the beginning of its era of establishing statehood. In 1837, diplomatic and consular relations were established between the empire "on which the sun never sets" and the non-sovereign Serbian principality which was nominally autonomous within the framework and structure of the Turkish Ottoman Empire. The topic of this paper is an outlook on the history of relations between two old European nations - the Serbs and the English, the Anglo-Saxons or the British , and two states - a great power and a colonial empire on the one hand, and a small but promising European country on the other.
Criminal law protection of human health in the corona virus period
Authors: Šikman Mile , Bajičić Velibor
Published: November 2021

Human health is one of the values that are (among other things) protected by criminal law. It is also one of the basic human rights, guaranteed by both international legal documents and the constitutions of countries as the most important domestic legal acts. In this sense, the state is expected to ensure human health by criminalizing behaviors that endanger health, as well as by imposing criminal sanctions on those who commit such behaviors (e.g. a group of crimes against human health). It is these issues that have come to the fore during the corona virus pandemic and that are the subject of this paper. Namely, during the current pandemic, it has been noticed that the protective function of criminal law is not fully realized, which has resulted in the spread of the said infectious disease. Therefore, in this paper we consider the meaning and goal of criminal protection of human health during the corona virus pandemic, through the legal analysis of criminal offenses in the Criminal Code of Republika Srpska and give certain proposals de lege ferenda.
Digital age: A challenge for project managers in security organizations
Authors: Buha Vesna , Bjegović Miroslav , Lečić Rada
Published: November 2021

The digital age has brought great challenges to organizations. New technologies, methodologies, and products require a competent project manager who is able to meet the requirements of the digital age. Thus, the aim of this paper is: an analysis of the relevant theoretical context, the necessary competencies of the project manager, consideration of his position and actions in the organizational framework, and especially in organizations dealing with security. Also, the paper deals with the analysis of the model DevSecOps that implements security within IT practices. The results of the presented research indicate the fact that the total number of jobs performed by the project manager shows global growth in quantitative and qualitative terms. Research on human resource development in the field of project management distinguishes innovators from traditionalists. Innovators, in the age of globalization, have given priority to security training, followed by market topics, data science, innovative ways of behaving, and collaborative leadership. A case study is presented, which considers the steps of building a new product in the field of IT with implemented activities that provide an adequate level of security.
Contemporary terrorism as a security threat
Authors: Andrić Jasmina , Kovač Mitar
Published: November 2021

Terrorism is one of the most frequently used words in the media and the most effective political words of today. However, although there is a lot of talk about terrorism in the media as well as in the professional and scientific literature, it seems that this term remains insufficiently explained. When asked why this is so, the answer lies in a number of reasons that are mainly characteristics of the modern world. Some of the reasons include the complexity of terrorism as a phenomenon and the multitude of its manifestations. Then, thre is the subjectivity in defining this term and the different political interests that lead to the duality of standards in its definition. Also, various aspects of the time in which we live (digitalization, faster flow of information, greater availability of weapons, etc.) contribute to making terrorism more dynamic and thus more intriguing for the public. Today, more than ever, in considering terrorism, we must take into account a number of factors, primarily criminological ones and then legal, political, sociological and military factors of the modern world. This leads us to the conclusion that modern terrorism and the view of it are significantly different from their earlier manifestations. Therefore, the authors present the characteristics of modern terrorism, starting from the theoretical definition of security challenges, risks and threats, through the definition and classification of terrorism to the problems in countering terrorism and the context of the time in which we live. If we take into account that the period after the attack on the World Trade Center is considered a period of modern terrorism, we will see that the emphasis is on Islamist terrorism. However, although most attention is paid to Islamist terrorist organizations, the trends of terrorism are now increasingly turning to European and Western countries. This tells us that we must not forget other forms, types and forms of terrorism. Right-wing extremist, terrorist organizations are a real threat, and the fight against terrorism is a difficult task that the global society of the 21st century has set to itself as the primary security problem. Therefore, the paper identifies key obstacles to a successful fight against terrorism. The paper places a special emphasis on the global monitoring of terrorist activities through the World Terrorism Index. Using these bases, some of the important characteristics of modern terrorism have been determined.
Intelligence community of the People's Republic of China
Authors: Nikolić Goran
Published: November 2021

In this paper, apart from reviewing the existing intelligence structure of the intelligence community of the People's Republic of China, the author critically analyzes its historical development through different epochs, and also the organization, strategic guidelines and scope of its work. The fact that intelligence and security activities in the observed country existed in 2000 BC is emphasized. Their role in the security system of the People's Republic of China, faced with modern security challenges and threats, both on the domestic and foreign policy level is pointed out. At the domestic level, the biggest security challenges are reflected in the separatist aspirations of national minorities, while at the foreign policy level, it is the international position of the People's Republic of China, as the most important challenger for the US global domination. The People's Republic of China is responding to these challenges by increasing its allocations for strengthening and modernizing the national security system, where, in addition to the armed forces, the intelligence and security services also play a major role. It is also pointed out that the study of the intelligence and security community of the People's Republic of China is important for the Republic of Serbia, because our geopolitical position is such that it "connects" the Silk Road Economic Belt and the port of Piraeus, as the most important European point of the Silk Road.
Complicity in the common law system: General characteristics
Authors: Paunović Dragan
Published: November 2021

Complicity in the common law system has been subject of different practices in different countries for many years. It is unlike the practice in the majority of continental criminal justice systems. However, the court practice and principles established over time in certain countries have had greater effects than in some other countries using the same system. English common law practice is an example. It is the common law system with the strongest influence. Its practice regarding complicity was established a long time ago in 1861 Accessories and Abbettors Act that was the main law regulating this issue for over a hundred years. Besides very well-established actus rea elements, the main mens rea condition for complicity was a perpetrator's purpose or knowledge of the main criminal act. During 1985, the complicity concept was changed with the final judgment in the case "R v Jogee (Appellant) and Ruddock (Appellant) v The Queen (Respondent) (Jamaica)." The point of this reform was the "joint criminal enterprise" concept that was based on the "foreseeability standard" that made an accomplice responsible even for crime acts that were outside the "common plan or the purpose". After 30 years of implementation, the case of Privy Council Chang Wing-Siu v The Queen reset the complicity doctrine again and got it back to its traditional principles claiming "foreseeability standard" unconstitutional. Due to the importance of the common law system in Great Britain for other countries applying the same system, some of them, including Australia and Jordan, accepted the same complicity principles as Great Britain. Both of the mentioned systems adopted the "joint criminal enterprise" concept, but they developed it within their national criminal laws demanding extra responsibility claims for the accomplice. Unlike them, the US common law is characterized by other elements. Among them, the main ones are its inconsistency in terms of different practices at the state and at the federal level, as well as the lack of codification relating to many criminal law principles, including the complicity doctrine itself. These issues and problems have been a subject of interest of many scholars and practitioners in the common law system. The common denominator of their remarks regarding the problem is the need for a comprehensive reform of the current criminal law regulations and practices. Model Penal Code was a partially successful attempt of such needs but with limited effects. Taking in consideration all problems that exist regarding the complicity doctrine in the common law system, it seems further reforms and codifications of the complicity doctrine are the best way out of the current confusion where this doctrine seems to be stuck.
Factors that influence cultural tourists to use e-WOM before visiting Montenegro
Authors: Petronijević Aleksandra , Janičić Radmila
Published: November 2021

Aiming to expend the existing knowledge regarding behavioural patterns of cultural tourists who are visiting Montenegro, the purpose of this research is to identify the main reasons that motivate cultural tourists to use e-WOM as a source of information about this destination. To fulfil this task a structured questionnaire was designed and a field research was carried out during 2019 among 376 cultural tourists who used e-WOM to gain more information about Montenegro. Twenty seven indicators were identified and grouped in three groups of factors of influence which were examined using one-way analysis of variance and independent sample T-test. Besides the respondents 'personal attitude, the research shows that certain demographic characteristics and the respondents' country of origin influenced their propensity in using e-WOM prior to visiting this destination. By identifying concrete reasons why cultural tourists use e-WOM, this study offers insights that can be useful in designing future destination marketing strategies.
Implementation of quality management system and the level of maturity of the company in the dairy industry of Serbia
Authors: Mihajlović Milan , Tadić Jelena , Jotić Jelena
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is to point out the existence of differences in the application of quality management systems as well as the level of maturity in the companies of the dairy industry in the Republic of Serbia. The initial assumption is based on the defined goal which states that the application of quality management systems and the level of maturity in these companies differ depending on their size. The research was conducted on the basis of QMMG - Quality Management Maturity Grid model of maturity. The initial assumption test was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test as a nonparametric alternative to one-way analysis of variance of different groups. In addition to this method, the methods analysis, the synthesis method and descriptive statistics were also used. Using the mentioned statistical methods, six aspects of the quality management system were processed (Management understanding and attitude, Quality organisation status, Problem handling, Cost of quality as percent of sales, Quality improvement actions and Summary of company quality posture) as well as the entire quality management system in selected companies. Statistically significant deviations were found in five of the six aspects as well as in the overall quality management system. The contribution of this research is reflected in the diagnosis of the level of maturity in the companies covered by this research together with the possibility of improving certain aspects of the quality management system in order to develop the skills needed to increase the companies ' quality performance.
The influence of the exchange rate on the trade balance of Serbia
Authors: Knežević Vladimir , Penjišević Aleksandra
Published: November 2021

Subject of this research is contained in its title. We examined the connection and the influence of the foreign exchange rate on the foreign trade balance of Serbia as an independent state in this century, that is, in the period 2007-2017. The aim was to determine whether the theoretical paradigm applies in concrete terms, and that the decline in the value of the domestic currency leads to an improvement in the balance of payments, given the role of price elasticities of import and export demand as well as the level of domestic consumption. The SPSS software package was used for statistical data processing. The observed variables: foreign exchange foreign trade deficit, the exchange rate, the effective nominal exchange rate and the effective real exchange rate are from the point of view of the Scale type. The data were taken from official sources, primarily from the National Bank of Serbia and the Ministry of Finance of Serbia. The obtained results unequivocally confirm that in specific conditions depreciation of the dinar is favorable to the reduction of the deficit of the foreign trade balance. The basic value of this result is that such a policy should continue if the goal is to improve the liquidity of Serbia in international payments. We conclude that the policy of the exchange rate of the dinar in the observed period was properly conducted, and that within the framework of other measures of economic policy, primarily monetary and fiscal, in that sense, gave satisfactory results. In the paper itself, we first defined the basic concepts related to the types and exchange rate regimes. We have added additional conditions for the effectiveness of this policy in order to improve the balance of external trade. By testing the hypotesess we verified the validity of the initial hypotheses of the research. We concluded that the economic policy in this domain in the mentioned period was conducted with due diligence.
Processing and storage of blood components as a precondition for safe transfusion
Authors: Antić Ana , Živković-Đorđević Sanja , Stevanović Suzana , Jelić Marija
Published: November 2021

The preparation of blood components from whole blood collections must be standardized and compliant with recommendations, EU Directives and Standard Operative Procedures (SOPs). In order to achieve safe and efficient transfusion it is important to have automated separation of whole blood unit producing standardized blood components, good quality control and increased work efficiency. It is also very important that all blood components should be ISBT 128 labelled and properly storaged under the regulated conditions. One of the most important factors that increases transfusion safety is leucoreduction of blood components, which prevents several adverse effects following blood transfusion, as well replacement of plasma as a storage medium in red blood cells and platelet concentrates with preservative solutions, which results in the reduction of isoand HLA-antibodies and plasma proteins. Pathogen inactivation in blood products is the trend of modern blood transfusion practice and acts in the removal or inactivation of all pathogens that can be blood transmitted. It does not replace testing of blood units for transfusion-transmitted diseases, but it reduces the risk of "window phenomenon" and errors in testing, acting on the agents that are not included in routine testing. In circumstances where the pathogen reduction has not been introduced in practice routine bacteriological testing of blood components significantly decreases the occurrence of adverse reactions on contaminated blood. Processing using the most appropriate and effective methodologies and best laboratory practices, efficient inventory management system for optimum blood stocks, and effective blood cold chain for safe storage and distribution of blood and blood products are key requirements to ensure the safety of blood products.
Application of the health information system in the Health Center Niš
Authors: Milošević Zoran , Jerkan Milorad , Stojanović Miodrag , Premović Natalija , Milošević Sanja , Ignjatović Aleksandra , Anđelković-Apostolović Marija
Published: November 2021

Medical informatics is the science that studies the creating, transmitting, processing and using information, data and knowledge to solve medical problems. It is medical technology due to participation in the process of formal medical decision-making. The first step in the development of health information systems in Serbia is the adoption of a national "Strategy for the Development of the Information Society in the Republic of Serbia by 2020". The aim of this paper is to consider the advantages of using information technologies in the process of health care provision in health care institutions in comparison to the previous, classical way of collecting, analyzing and interpreting data in the example of primary health care institutions. The methodology is a retrospective study of the presentation of implementation in information technologies on the example of the Health Center Niš for the period from 2004. to 2019. and presentation of the computer equipment status. The implementation of the health information system will enable: better and more efficient access to patient information, faster diagnostics, faster and more reliable selection of medicines, greater patient safety, more time for health care employees, better and more complete health-statistical reporting and faster transfer of biomedical knowledge. The introduction of a health information system will allow the creation of an electronic health record and electronic medical history. In 2011, the Health Center Niš became a user of the medical information system MEDIS.NET, which was realized in the Laboratory for Medical Informatics of the Faculty of Electronic Engineering in Niš. The Adult Health Service and the Child and School Health Services were the first to use electronic records.
Radiological picture of ophthalmic syndrome
Authors: Babić Rade , Stanković-Babić Gordana , Govedarović Nenad , Babić Strahinja , Marjanović Aleksandra , Babić Nevena
Published: November 2021

It's common for the syndromes indicate to the author or authors who discovered them. The paper aims to show the image of X-rays and ophthalmic syndrome and to point out to those who can be recognized by the proper radiological and ophthalmologic examination. The work is based on knowledge and experience of the author and co-author of the acquired long experience in the profession, acquired many years of ophthalmology and radiological material, the papers presented in the relevant national and international journals, history and local and foreign literary press. Are shown in - Syndrom Stuger-Weber-Krabbe, Syndrome Wyburn-Mason, Syndrome Von Hippel-Lindau, Syndrome Crouzon, Syndrome Apertand Syndrome Saethre-Chotzen. The authors conclude that ophthalmic syndromes have their own specificity in radiologically-ophthalmologic image.
Dr. Dragoljub Djordjević (1866-1942) founder and first head of Department Eye District Hospitals in Niš
Authors: Stanković-Babić Gordana , Babić Rade
Published: November 2021

Ophthalmologist Dr. Dragoljub Djordjević born on 29 December 1866, Belgrade (Serbia), and died on 20 January 1942 Belgrade (Yugoslavia). Author of the ophthalmology in Niš, the founder and first chief of the District Hospital eye department in Niš, the second eye department head of the General State Hospital in Belgrade, a warrior of the Balkan wars and the First World War, the holder of numerous war awards and decorations. He graduated from the Faculty of Medicine in Vienna 1893. The first job is received in Niš decree of August 4th 1894 when he was appointed fizikusa Niš district, district of Pirot. Specialization from eye diseases Dr Dragoljub Djordjević began 1894 in the eye clinic in Vienna (Austria-Hungary Empire), which quickly left and returned in Niš (Serbia), where at the hospital in Nis and the Military Hospital in Niš, diagnosed, treated and surgical treated eye disorders. Specialization from eye diseases finished 1903 by professor Dr. Ernst Fuchs with the University Eye Clinic in Vienna. He was appointed the first Chief District Hospital eye department in Niš 1910, which contains the full 16th voluntarily years, with interruptions during the wars. Dr Dragoljub Djordjević 1919 was appointed head of the second eye department of the State General Hospital in Belgrade. His knowledge of ophthalmology unselfish was conveyed to his student Dr. Zdravko Nižetić known by ophthalmologists ceratoplastics.
Tobacco harm reduction: The potential to reduce the risk from smoking: A six-month exposure response study on switching from cigarettes to tobacco heating system (THS)
Authors: de La , Costanzo Roberta , Haziza Christelle
Published: November 2021

The primary goal of the Exposure response Study (ErS) was to generate direct evidence that actual use of Philip Morris international's smoke-free alternative to cigarettes, Tobacco Heating System (THS), can reduce smokers' risk of harm compared to continuing to smoke cigarettes. in the study eight bio-markers of potential harm (BopH) were measured, to provide further evidence on effects of current adult smokers switching to THS. Each of the BopH were selected because they are associated with smoking-related diseases, are negatively impacted by smoking and are reversible following smoking cessation. Given the study hypothesis, that the eight BopH which cover eight different pathways of disease would change favorably, similarly to what is reported in the literature following smoking cessation. Therefore all eight BopH were included and tested as co-primary endpoints. In total 984 smokers were randomized to either switch to THS use, or continue to smoke cigarettes. The eight BopH were assessed over a period of six months in an ambulatory setting. The results showed that when smokers switched to THS, all eight BopH showed a changes similar to what is seen following smoking cessation, and five of the eight BopH were statistically significant better in smokers who switched to THS than smokers who continued to smoke cigarettes. This led to the conclusion that switching from cigarettes to THS-use likely reduces a smoker's risk of tobacco-related disease and may present less risk of harm compared to continued smoking.
Are heated tobacco products (HTPs) a public health opportunity?
Authors: Costanzo Roberta , Baker Gizelle
Published: November 2021

Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are a new, rapidly emerging category of tobacco products that are designed to heat the tobacco instead of burning it, thus substantially reducing the emission of harmful chemicals. Currently there is a debate about whether HTPs provide an opportunity for public health, to accelerate the decline in cigarette smoking prevalence and thereby smoking-related population harm. To answer this question, HTPs have to be scientifically substantiated to reduce the harm to the individual smoker, but they also have to be satisfying for adult smokers to maximize the number of adult smokers who switch, while minimizing the number of youths and non-smokers who initiate or relapse to these products, as well as minimizing the number of smokers who intend to quit who may use those products instead. In this article we present the evidence showing that switching to the THS reduces the negative health effects that are triggered by chronic exposure to the toxic substances generated during tobacco combustion and that lead to disease, compared to continuing smoking.
Anthropometric characteristics of early-school age children
Authors: Vukićević Veljko , Lukić Nikola , Marinković Marjan , Janjić Nebojša
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the current state and potential significant differences in the anthropometric characteristics of boys and girls in the early-school age (7 to 10 years of age). The study group was comprised of 120 respondents, 60 boys and 60 girls of early-school age from the town of Vrbas). Some 30 respondents were assessed from every grade (7, 8, 9, 10 years ± 6 months of age). The measured anthropologic characteristics included height, weight, chest circumference, mid upper arm circumference, mid arm circumference, and triceps, abdominal, subscapular skinfold thicknesses. All measurements were carried out according to the principles of the International Biological Program. A univariant analysis of variance was used to compare the means of different groups. The results of the study indicate that growth and development of children had occurred normally and in a natural flow, according to the natural consequences of cell and tissue growth and division.
The evaluation of biological maturity in sport
Authors: Jovanović Jovan
Published: November 2021

The aim of the paper is to present various methods for the evaluation of biological maturity which can define the differences between chronological age and biological maturity in young athletes. Biological maturation is a nonlinear process, taking place at all organic levels, differing from the flow of time after birth. From this point of view, there is a need to determine the differences in the rate of biological maturation within the chronological period. Defining the biological maturity of athletes has a multidimensional significance, the evaluation of youth's maturity in comparison with the chronological age has an implicit value, the selection and prediction of sports achievement at the individual level is crucial for the planning and programming of the training process. Maturity evaluation feedback has a function in preventing and restraining injuries of athletes who are behind their peers. Athletes who are advanced in comparison to their chronological generation, in younger selections, reach a plateau of sports performance early, which can negatively affect success in the senior period. The paper presents the basic methods of evaluation of biological matrices used in the diagnosis of young athletes. Biological maturity can be determined by means of radiography, anthropometric measurements, and sex-based indicators.
The attitudes of elementary school students towards physical education teachers
Authors: Miličković Velimir , Vukićević Veljko , Zečević Stanko , Vignjević Slobodan
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the factor structure of the assessment scale of the Physical Education Teacher Attitude Questionnaire, as well as to ascertain the existence of gender, age, and differences in whether students practice some sport outside of school or not, in terms of attitudes toward different physical education teacher competences. A sample of 119 students of both genders, grades 5 through 8, was assigned a USF assessment scale, modeled on existing instruments for assessing student attitudes toward physical education and physical education teachers. The factor structure was determined by using factor analysis. The ANOVA results for gender differences indicate that there are no statistically significant differences in the attitudes of students towards the competences of physical education teachers. ANOVA results for differences between coaching students and non-coaches suggest that there are statistically significant differences between these groups of respondents regarding the factor of socio-emotional competence of teachers, in the sense that students who train a sport are more inclined towards the socio-emotional competences of teachers. The ANOVA results for age differences indicate that there are statistically significant differences between younger and older students, regarding both factors, in the sense that younger students are more inclined towards both the socio-emotional and professional competences of physical education teachers. Attitudes towards the teacher provide valuable information about what students think and feel about them, thus creating adequate conditions for effecting change and improving both teaching and relationships with students.
(Mis)use of football: Analysis of media reports about matches between Serbia and Croatia in 2013
Authors: Mijatov Nikola , Radenović Sandra
Published: November 2021

Within the qualifications for the FIFA World Cup in Brazil in 2014, two football matches were played between Serbia and Croatia. Due to complex international relations between Serbia and Croatia, there were many controversies about the matches. Through the analysis of the articles from Kurir and Večernji list (as an example of yellow and tabloid press of both countries) and articles from Politika and Index.hr (as an example of more professional approach to journalism) the article critically regards the nature of press reports about those two matches. Exceeding the phenomenon of football, hostile, nationalistic, chauvinistic and sensationalistic implications were present in the press alongside numerous historical connotations. Such method of journalism has profound consequences, firstly for the progress of the entire sports culture in Serbia as well as in Croatia, and secondly it affects the decrease of long-lasting international tensions and hostilities.