bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA Mutational Profiling in Patients With Colorectal Cancer Treated With Standard of Care Reveals Differences in Outcome and Racial Distribution of Mutations
Authors: Innocenti Federico , Mu Wancen , Qu Xueping , Ou Fang-Shu , Kabbarah Omar , Blanke Charles David , Venook Alan P. , Lenz Heinz-Josef , Rashid Naim U.
Published: November 2023

PURPOSE

CALGB (Alliance)/SWOG 80405 was a randomized phase III trial that in first-line patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with bevacizumab or cetuximab with chemotherapy. We aimed to discover novel mutated genes associated with prognosis and differential response to therapy with the biologics.

METHODS

Primary tumor DNA from 548 patients was sequenced using FoundationOne. The effect of mutated genes and mutations on overall survival (OS) was tested adjusting for microsatellite instability status, BRAF V600E, all RAS mutations, arm, sex, and age.

RESULTS

The median number (lower-upper quartile) of mutated genes was 5 (3-7), 5 (3-6) in microsatellite stable and 12.5 (4.5-32) in microsatellite instability-high tumors. Mutated KRAS and APC were more frequent in Black (53% and 85%) than White (27% and 65%, respectively) patients while BRAF V600E was less frequent in Black (5%) than White (14%) patients. The median OS in patients with BRAF non-V600E (2.2% of patients) was 31.9 months (95% CI, 15.1 to not applicable [NA]) similar to that of BRAF wild-type (WT) patients (31.2 months [95% CI, 29.0 to 33.9]). Mutated LRP1B (10.7% of patients) was associated with improved OS compared with WT LRP1B (hazard ratio, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.40 to 0.80]). RNF43 (5.6% of patients) interacted with treatment arms as, in the cetuximab arm, patients with mutated RNF43 had a median OS of 11.5 (95% CI, 10.8 to NA) months compared with 30.1 (95% CI, 24.9 to 35.3) months in patients with WT RNF43, whereas in the bevacizumab arm, patients with mutated RNF43 had a median OS of 25.0 (95% CI, 14.2 to NA) months compared with 31.3 (95% CI, 29.0 to 34.3) months in patients with WT RNF43.

CONCLUSION

These results can provide new tools to predict patient outcome and improve therapeutic decisions and trial participation in patient minorities. The molecular alterations identified in this study may direct biomarker-driven studies.
Homologous Recombination Deficiency Landscape of Breast Cancers and Real-World Effectiveness of Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase Inhibitors in Patients With Somatic BRCA1/2, Germline PALB2, or Homologous Recombination Deficiency Signature
Authors: Batalini Felipe , Madison Russell W. , Sokol Ethan S. , Jin Dexter X. , Chen Kuei-Ting , Decker Brennan , Pavlick Dean C. , Frampton Garrett M. , Wulf Gerburg M. , Garber Judy E. , Oxnard Geoffrey , Schrock Alexa B. , Tung Nadine M.
Published: November 2023

PURPOSE

Poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are approved for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative metastatic breast cancer (mBC) and germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant (hereafter mutation) in the BRCA1/ 2 genes (g BRCA); however, clinical benefit has also been demonstrated in mBC with somatic BRCA1/ 2 mutations (s BRCA) or germline PALB2 mutations (g PALB2). This study aims to describe the genomic landscape of homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene alterations in mBC and assess PARPi treatment outcomes for patients with g BRCA compared with other HRR genes and by status of a novel homologous recombination deficiency signature (HRDsig).

METHODS

A real-world (RW) clinico-genomic database (CGDB) of comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) linked to deidentified, electronic health record–derived clinical data was used. CGP was analyzed for HRR genes and HRDsig. The CGDB enabled cohort characterization and outcomes analyses of 177 patients exposed to PARPi. RW progression-free survival (rwPFS) and RW overall survival (rwOS) were compared.

RESULTS

Of 28,920 patients with mBC, g BRCA was detected in 3.4%, whereas the population with any BRCA alteration or g PALB2 increased to 9.5%. HRDsig+ represented 21% of patients with mBC. BRCA and g PALB2 had higher levels of biallelic loss and HRDsig+ than other HRR alterations. Outcomes on PARPi were assessed for 177 patients, and g BRCA and s BRCA/ gPALB2 cohorts were similar: g BRCA versus s BRCA/g PALB2 rwPFS was 6.3 versus 5.4 months (hazard ratio [HR], 1.37 [0.77-2.43]); rwOS was 16.2 versus 21.2 months (HR, 1.45 [0.74-2.86]). Additionally, patients with HRDsig+ versus HRDsig– had longer rwPFS (6.3 v 2.8 months; HR, 0.62 [0.42-0.92]) and numerically longer rwOS (17.8 v 13.0 months; HR, 0.72 [0.46-1.14]).

CONCLUSION

Patients with s BRCA and g PALB2 derive similar benefit from PARPi as those with g BRCA alterations. In combination, HRDsig+, s BRCA, and g PALB2 represent an additional 19% of mBC that can potentially benefit from PARPi. Randomized trials exploring a more inclusive biomarker such as HRDsig are warranted.
Chromatin-mediated silencing on the inactive X chromosome
Authors: Keniry Andrew , Blewitt Marnie E.
Published: November 2023

In mammals, the second X chromosome in females is silenced to enable dosage compensation between XX females and XY males. This essential process involves the formation of a dense chromatin state on the inactive X (Xi) chromosome. There is a wealth of information about the hallmarks of Xi chromatin and the contribution each makes to silencing, leaving the tantalising possibility of learning from this knowledge to potentially remove silencing to treat X-linked diseases in females. Here, we discuss the role of each chromatin feature in the establishment and maintenance of the silent state, which is of crucial relevance for such a goal.
Φαρμακογνωστική μελέτη του γένους Helichrysum Mill. (Asteraceae) στην Ελλάδα
Authors: Σαμανίδης Ιορδάνης
Published: November 2023

Η παρούσα διατριβή, που αναπτύσσεται σε πέντε κεφάλαια, επικεντρώνεται για πρώτη φορά στη μελέτη της φυτοχημείας των 11 taxa (10 είδη, 2 υποείδη) του γένους Helichrysum ελληνικής προέλευσης και ειδικότερα του είδους H. amorginum. Στο Κεφάλαιο 1 γίνεται εισαγωγή στην οικογένεια Asteraceae και στο γένος Helichrysum, όπου αναφέρονται βοτανικές, φυτοχημικές, και εθνοφαρμακολογικές πληροφορίες των ειδών του γένους. Αυτές οι πληροφορίες εστιάζονται μετά στα 11 ιθαγενή είδη (έξι ενδημικά ή υπενδημικά) που φύονται στην Ελλαδικό χώρο.Ακολούθως, στο Κεφάλαιο 2 περιγράφεται η ποιοτική ανάλυση μεθανολικών εκχυλισμάτων των 11 taxa Helichrysum Mill. ελληνικής προέλευσης που συλλέχθηκαν από το φυσικό περιβάλλον με την τεχνική UPLC-HRMS. Περιγράφονται οι χημικές κατηγορίες των μεταβολιτών που προτείνονται με την συγκεκριμένη μεθοδολογία και γίνεται σχολιασμός για κάθε αυτοφυούς taxon ελίχρυσου. Στο Κεφάλαιο 3 πραγματοποιείται μελέτη περίπτωσης ενός από τα 10 είδη ελληνικής προέλευσης και συγκεκριμένα του H. amorginum. Έγινε ποιοτική ανάλυση αιθέριων ελαίων 9 ex situ καλλιεργημένων γονότυπων H. amorginum από το Ινστιτούτο Γενετικής Βελτίωσης και Φυτογενετικών Πόρων του ΕΛΓΟ «Δήμητρα» (Θεσ/κη), με βάση την αέρια χρωματογραφία συζευγμένη με αναλυτή μάζας (GC-MS). Πραγματοποιήθηκε Ιεραρχική Ανάλυση Συστάδων (HCA) και Ανάλυση Κύριων Συνιστωσών (PCA) για τον εντοπισμό διαφορών/ομοιοτήτων ανάμεσα στα αιθέρια έλαια (between-groups) των 10 δειγμάτων των εννέα γονότυπων καθώς και ανάλυση κυρίων συνιστωσών στα ποσοστά (%) των 9 κυριότερων συστατικών των 10 δειγμάτων των εννέα γονότυπων. Στο κεφάλαιο 4 πραγματοποιείται μεταβολομική ανάλυση με την τεχνική UPLC-HRMS 19 γονότυπων H. amorginum ex situ καλλιέργειας από το Ινστιτούτο Γενετικής Βελτίωσης και Φυτογενετικών Πόρων του ΕΛΓΟ «Δήμητρα» (Θεσ/κη). Παρασκευάστηκαν μεθανολικά εκχυλίσματα τα οποία αναλύθηκαν με την τεχνική UPLC-HRMS και εφαρμόστηκε ένα μεταβολομικό μοντέλο διάκρισης της ποιοτικής σύστασης εκχυλισμάτων με γνώμονα την ανάδειξη συγκεκριμένων μεταβολιτών – βιοδεικτών υπεύθυνων για την εποχική διακύμανση του μεταβολικού τους προφίλ. Τέλος, στο Κεφάλαιο 5 πραγματοποιήθηκε ποιοτική ανάλυση εκχυλισμάτων με την τεχνική GC-MS, UPLC-HRMS καθώς και απομόνωση δευτερογενών μεταβολιτών από in situ, βιολογικής καλλιέργειας, φυτικό υλικό H. amorginum της εταιρείας ΚΟΡΡΕΣ ΦΥΣΙΚΑ ΠΡΟΙΟΝΤΑ Α.Ε. Επίσης, μελετήθηκε η ικανότητα παγίδευσης ελεύθερης ρίζας (DPPH) και αναστολής του ενζύμου τυροσινάση από εκχυλίσματα του H. amorginum σε in vitro τεστ.
LA EDUCACIÓN A TRAVÉS DE LA ARQUITECTURA. UNA FORMACIÓN APLICADA DENTRO Y FUERA DEL AULA
Authors: Añón-Abajas Rosa María , Louro Margarida , Ramos-Carranza Amadeo
Published: November 2023

La educación es siempre tema central que, transversal a diversos sectores y áreas de conocimiento, abre numerosos frentes y formas de reflexión. La relación entre arquitectura y educación atendiendo al diseño de los espacios escolares y su adecuación a diversos enfoques y pedagogías de enseñanza, fue y sigue siendo temática ampliamente debatida, en cambio, la cuestión sobre la educación a través de la arquitectura apenas ha empezado a ser discutida. Actualmente numerosas iniciativas están ensayando métodos fundamentados en el pensamiento arquitectónico como herramienta estratégica para la adquisición de competencias y capacidades de respuesta en los diversos niveles de enseñanza, especialmente en la infancia, a través de su inclusión en las metodologías STEAM, así como su implementación en los sistemas educativos. Este artículo estudia el panorama actual en esta cuestión presentando una cronología de casos relevantes y analizando tres experiencias propias; todo ello sirve para ofrecer una reflexión contrastada sobre el modo en que este tipo de educación puede influir en los planes educativos para la infancia, tanto en la educación formal (dentro del aula) como en la informal (fuera del aula), así como su repercusión en la mejor formación crítica de la sociedad en general y, en definitiva, en la mejora del entorno construido. Se concluye la necesidad de promover acciones estratégicas y experiencias transversales y participativas mediante el diseño de actividades y de materiales educativos de apoyo que implican a una arquitectura pensada con y para la infancia, orientando el sentido de estas actividades y experiencias participativas.
Diversity Subsampling: Custom Subsamples from Large Data Sets
Authors: Shang Boyang , Apley Daniel W. , Mehrotra Sanjay
Published: November 2023

Subsampling from a large unlabeled (i.e., no response values are available yet) data set is useful in many supervised learning contexts to provide a global view of the data based on only a fraction of the observations. In this paper, we borrow concepts from the well-known sampling/importance resampling technique, which samples from a specified probability distribution, to develop a diversity subsampling approach that selects a subsample from the original data with no prior knowledge of its underlying probability distribution. The goal is to produce a subsample that is independently and uniformly distributed over the support of distribution from which the data are drawn, to the maximum extent possible. We give an asymptotic performance guarantee of the proposed method and provide experimental results to show that the proposed method performs well for typical finite-size data. We also compare the proposed method with competing diversity subsampling algorithms and demonstrate numerically that subsamples selected by the proposed method are closer to a uniform sample than subsamples selected by other methods. The proposed diversity subsampling (DS) algorithm is more efficient than known methods. It takes only a few minutes to select tens of thousands of subsample points from a data set of size one million. Our DS algorithm easily generalizes to select subsamples following distributions other than uniform. We provide a Python package (FADS) that implements the proposed method.

History: Kwok-Leung Tsui served as the senior editor for this article.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant CMMI-1436574], Northwestern University, the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy, and the U.S. Department of Energy [Award DE-AR0001209].

Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: No data ethics considerations are foreseen related to this article. The code capsule is available on Code Ocean at https://doi.org/10.24433/CO.8309237.v3 and in the e-Companion to this article (available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2022.00017 ).
Multiproduct Dynamic Pricing with Limited Inventories Under a Cascade Click Model
Authors: Najafi Sajjad , Duenyas Izak , Jasin Stefanus , Uichanco Joline
Published: November 2023

Problem definition: Designing effective operational strategies requires a good understanding of customer behavior. The classic economic theory of customer choice has long been the paradigm in the operations literature. However, the rise of online marketplaces such as e-commerce has triggered considerable efforts in academia and industry to develop alternative models that not only provide a good approximation of customer behavior but also are easily scalable for large-scale implementations. In this paper, we consider a multiproduct dynamic pricing problem with limited inventories under the so-called cascade click model, which is one of the most popular click models used in practice and has been intensively studied in the computer science literature. Methodology/results: We present some fundamental results. First, we derive a sufficiently general characterization of the optimal pricing policy and show that it has a different structure than the optimal policy under the standard pricing model. Second, we show that the optimal expected total revenue under the cascade click model can be upper bounded by the objective value of an approximate deterministic pricing problem. Third, we show that two policies that are known to have strong performance guarantees in the standard revenue management setting can be properly adapted (in a nontrivial way) to the setting with cascade click model while retaining their strong performance. Finally, we also briefly discuss the joint ranking and pricing problem and provide an iterative heuristic to calculate an approximate ranking. Managerial implications: Taking into account customers’ click-and-search behavior leads to different structures of the optimal pricing policy, and some common insights under the standard pricing models may no longer hold. Moreover, our simulation studies show that pricing under a (misspecified) classic choice model that is oblivious to customers click-and-search behavior can severely impact profitability.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0504 .
YOUNG PEOPLE AND FAMILY RURAL PROPERTIES IN THE WEST REGION OF PARANÁ
Authors: Mario Bernardo Luciana Virginia , Rippel Ricardo , Ulisses Saraiva Farinha Maycon Jorge , Soares Filho Adelsom
Published: November 2023

In this article, we investigated how young people in the municipality of Assis Chateaubriand perceive the rural space and family rural property succession. The municipality of analysis has traditionally used land for agricultural production, and as a result, its economic development is influenced by it. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 153 young people from the municipality ranging in age from 14 to 29. To obtain the results, several steps were taken, including descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and content analysis. We found that young people do not see themselves as essential elements for the continuity of the family's rural property. In this sense, it is necessary to develop activities that encourage dialogues on the succession process in rural properties in the region, on the initiative of public or private agents
A FILOSOFIA DA RELAÇÃO DE ÉDOUARD GLISSANT:
Authors: Ferreira dos Santos Luís Carlos
Published: November 2023

O texto navega pela paisagem filosófica do filopoeta martinicano Édouard Glissant, no objetivo de apresentar uma breve introdução de seu pensamento. Para isso, parte da compreensão dos arquipélagos textuais do autor, buscando compreender como a filosofia da relação pode ser um campo de disputa e compreensão da cidadania e enfrentamento da violência racial e, por fim, examina o papel da literatura no seu projeto filosófico.

Palavras - Chave: Édouard Glissant. Filosofia da Relação. Arquipélago. Filosofia Afrodiaspórica
Salud pública en Ecuador: vacunación obligatoria contra la COVID-19 y certificado de vacunación
Authors: Orellana Robalino Claudia Patricia
Published: November 2023

La vacuna obligatoria de la COVID-19 y la exigencia del certificado en Ecuador constituyen políticas que dependen de la gobernabilidad y gobernanza del poder central, que arrastra crisis políticas, socioeconómicas, jurídicas, ambientales, de salud y salubridad, de gestiones anteriores y propias. Políticas enmarcadas en un modelo paternalista de salud, que es justificado en el caso de la vacuna obligatoria, por el riesgo y daño del SARS-Cov2, que forzó la autonomía al orden social, y que han generado debate. Existe un 7.8% de la población disidente a la vacuna por razones epistémicas de falta de conocimiento de su funcionamiento, y ético-políticas basadas en la libertad individual, pensamiento, y el alcance de poder del Estado. Las estadísticas demuestran que la mayoría de las personas vacilantes a la inmunización son sujetos colectivos históricamente discriminados, como los indígenas afroecuatorianos y montubios, que muchos pertenecen a la clase social baja, y habitan en la periferia que previamente a la pandemia, carecía de infraestructura en salud. Demostrando como las determinantes de la salud influyen, y se conjugan en un complejo biosocial diverso, creando vulnerabilidades y privilegios. La pandemia expone las desigualdades y problemas del modelo del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Por lo tanto, a través del método dialéctico, el artículo analiza las posiciones opuestas a la inmunización imperativa, y propone una tercera basada en un modelo sindémico de salud, que considera al complejo biosocial, cuyo mínimo normativo son los derechos humanos, libertad, dignidad y principios bioéticos de vulnerabilidad, interdependencia, diversidad cultural, pluralismo y justicia social.
Maternidad subrogada en México y Brasil, un estudio jurídico comparado entre dos naciones latinoamericanas
Authors: Callejas Arreguin Norma Angelica
Published: November 2023

Se aborda estudio al tema de maternidad subrogada o gestación por sustitución respecto de la nación mexicana y la nación brasileña, los cuales como países independientes, ubicados en diferentes puntos geográficos y con idiomas distintos, tienen en común, compartir un mismo continente, concentrar gran número de población y contar con la presencia de maternidad subrogada, donde si bien, dicha figura se hace presente en otros países del mundo, por la amplitud y complejidad del tema; solo se toma especial estudio a las dos naciones señaladas, en intención de conocer el estado actual de esta figura procreativa, en particular respecto de la participación de la gestante sustituta en México o donadora temporal del útero como es conocida en Brasil, a través de realizar un estudio comparado que permita comprender la evolución, desarrollo y mecanismos legales actuales de la figura procreativa en comento, con propósito de ofrecer propuesta de mejora a la legislación mexicana en proceso de construcción. Se realiza un estudio jurídico de tipo cualitativo, donde se aplica el método deductivo e inductivo, dogmático y exegético; el estudio es pertinente, actual y de interés general en el ámbito nacional e internacional.
Aplicación del método Delphi para la validación de un instrumento para medir actitudes, conocimientos y uso de estrategias pedagógicas interdisciplinares
Authors: Lugo-López Nidia-Danigza , Pérez-Almagro Maria-del-Carmen , Caro-Rivas Miguel-Angel
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCCIÓN. Las actitudes y nivel de conocimientos que tiene un docente o equipo directivo respecto a una nueva estrategia pedagógica, centrada o no en la interdisciplinariedad, juegan un papel importante en el proceso de su construcción e implementación en el aula. A pesar de ello, existe un número reducido de instrumentos enfocados en evaluar estas variables y sus posibles relaciones, y menos aún si se trata de estrategias pedagógicas interdisciplinares.
MÉTODO. Mediante un abordaje metodológico mixto, en esta investigación se construyó y validó un cuestionario para medir estas variables. Para su validación se empleó el método Delphi modificado con doce especialistas entre magísteres y doctorados en educación o ámbitos afines.
RESULTADO. Como resultado se ha obtenido un cuestionario con escala de Likert para las actitudes, escala politómica (verdadero, falso, no-sé) para el conocimiento y escala dicotómica en el caso de uso y elaboración de estrategias pedagógicas interdisciplinares. Finalmente, se estudió su fiabilidad y se obtuvo una alta consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach = 0,8), posibilitando su aplicación en el plano educativo.
DISCUSIÓN. Se discute la importancia de disponer de instrumentos que evalúen estas variables desde la perspectiva del docente y del estudiante.
The Byzantine monastery as a commons
Authors: Arvanitidis Paschalis , Sofiadis Charalampos
Published: November 2023

Although scholars have paid increased attention to commons, most studies explore modern cases, disregarding historical commons. The analysis of the latter can contribute to understanding the long-term effects of past behaviours on future generations and provide inspiration for solutions to contemporary problems arising from similar social dilemmas. One historical commons that still exists is the Byzantine monastic institution. Drawing on historical sources and contemporary studies, the paper uses (a) historical institutional analysis, to outline the structure of the institution, and (b) the community design principles of successful commons, to explore whether the Byzantine monastery can be classified as a commons. We find that the Byzantine monastery was a successful case of a historical commons, which developed a credible governance structure to sustainably manage and preserve their common goods, both intangible and tangible, despite the lack of direct democratic processes that characterize modern commons.
Cai Gao: Illustrator–China
Authors: Gao Cai
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "Children come to this world just for love. Going back to our childhood, we also need to be cared for, recognized and respected. Without respect there is no love."
Sanja Pilić: Author–Croatia
Authors: Pilić Sanja
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "I don't try to be young, but I am young when I write for children. I turn into a girl or a boy in the first person."
Roberto Piumini: Author–Italy
Authors: Piumini Roberto
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "Maybe you could start writing a story from something like this: a rejection. There is always a food we do not like and often there is more to it behind the dislike."
John Agard: Author–United Kingdom
Authors: Agard John
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "We are surrounded by words and language can control our thoughts … that's why it's important for children to be in touch with the language of poetry which not only tunes their ear to the music of words but keeps alive their sense of wonder."
Permanent Supportive Housing for Those Experiencing Chronic Homelessness with High Health or Social Support Needs: A Scoping Review
Authors: Porchak Emily , Oudshoorn Abe , Modanloo Shokoufeh , Gilliland Jason , McLean Sarah , Thuemler Natasha , Ariba Olayinka , Rolfe Steven
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Some populations have increased risks of experiencing chronic homelessness related to complex health and social needs combined with system failures. Permanent supportive housing (PSH) may improve housing and health outcomes for this population. To understand the scope of the literature on PSH, this scoping review uses Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework enhanced by Levac and the Joanna Briggs Institute. A search was conducted across multiple databases for existing research on PSH. Forty-one studies were included, and five themes were generated: PSH sustains housing for most people; PSH is costly to implement, but costs can be recouped; PSH facilitates belonging and safety; single-site programs have social challenges but also provide efficiency and improve social networks; and visible on-site staff fundamentally helps those with highest support needs. Permanent supportive housing has been shown to be effective for those with the highest health and social support needs and is required to help prevent and end homelessness.
Answering the Call: Experiences of Implementing Antiracist Interventions in Health Care
Authors: Cahn Peter S.
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Since 2020, when the Covid-19 pandemic and police violence against Black Americans made undeniably visible inequities in health outcomes based on race, health professionals have issued calls for their colleagues to practice antiracism. Yet few studies have qualitatively described the experiences of health professionals who have implemented antiracist interventions to identify the factors that make them successful. I conducted semi-structured interviews with 51 health professionals and administrators who had introduced changes in their clinical practices explicitly to address health inequities based on race. The interventions focused on removing barriers to access for patients who lack the linguistic, economic, or cultural resources to navigate a complicated health care system. Interprofessional collaboration, leadership support, and community trust facilitated the success of the interventions. Restrictive insurance reimbursement policy was the most cited barrier. The experiences of these health professionals illustrate possibilities for implementing antiracist interventions at the point of care.
Interaction between Legal and Social Needs in Their Association with Self-rated Health in a National Sample of Veterans
Authors: Griesemer Ida , Li Mingfei , Tsai Jack , Harvey Kimberly , Hausmann Leslie R. M. , Linsky Amy M. , Mohr David C. , Gurewich Deborah
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Many health-related social needs, such as financial insecurity, are interconnected with legal needs. However, little is known about which social needs are more likely to be associated with legal needs, or whether legal and other needs interact to affect health. Using data from a 2020 national mailed survey assessing social needs among Veterans who had or were at risk for cardiovascular disease (N=2,801) and linked administrative data, linear regression models tested interactions between legal and other social needs, and their associations with self-rated health. In a model examining the interaction of financial and legal needs, experiencing financial but not legal needs was as strongly associated with worse health (b=–0.58, 95% CI –0.69, –0.46) as experiencing both financial and legal needs (b= –0.55, 95% CI –0.70, –0.40). Financial needs are important to Veterans' health and further research is needed to determine how financial and legal needs should be triaged by providers.
Smoking, Stress, and Health Risk Behaviors During the Early Phase of COVID-19 Lockdowns Among Residents of Flint, Michigan
Authors: Kim Woojong , Choi Seung Hee
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Food insecurity and smoking commonly co-occur in underserved populations, exacerbating health disparities. This study assesses smoking and its associations with mental health and health risk behaviors among residents of Flint, Michigan in the early phase of COVID lockdowns. The survey captured smoking status, mental health indicators, and health risk behaviors among 106 who had financial needs and limited mobility and received community nutritional services. Comparisons by demographics showed that those who lived alone, used marijuana, and had frequent alcohol drinking tended to smoke more than their counterparts. Results from logistic regression showed that those with high levels of stress, marijuana use, and alcohol consumption were more likely to smoke. Living alone was associated with smoking and health risk behaviors. This research suggests the need for smoking prevention and community health practices addressing stress, health risk behaviors, and circumstances that might drive the association with living alone such as loneliness.
Safety-net Hospitals in Brooklyn, New York: A Review
Authors: Gasperino James
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Safety-net hospitals (SNHs) provide health care services to individuals regardless of their ability to pay. These hospitals serve Medicaid recipients, the uninsured, and people with limited access to health care due to their socioeconomic status, race, or ethnicity. In addition to providing health care to the most vulnerable, SNHs are crucial in training the next generation of clinicians. Hospitals serving Medicaid patients and the uninsured have low operating margins because of a dated State Medicaid financial model, and as a result, many now face closure. This review provides historical context for the financial challenges facing SNHs in Brooklyn, New York. In addition, it examines how New York State's Medicaid reimbursement methodology threatens the viability of hospitals that serve low-income communities. Finally, the article suggests a solution to the health care crisis in Brooklyn, capitalizing on structural payment reform successes in other states.
Providing Free Mammography Screening to Uninsured Muslim Women in South Florida
Authors: Al-Shaikhli Seema Azim , Garba Nana Aisha , Nowakowski Lorraine , Samra Abdul Hamid , Bisschops Julia
Published: November 2023

Summary: Despite studies indicating that Muslim women are less likely to meet recommended breast cancer screening guidelines, outreach specific to this population has been minimal. This article details a partnership between a mobile mammography center and a mosque, aimed at increasing mammography screening for uninsured Muslim women in South Florida.
‘More than lip service’: LGBTQ+ Social Justice Educational Interventions as Institutional Benign Neglect
Authors: Catalano D. Chase J. , Tillapaugh Daniel , Christiaens Roman , Simms Sy
Published: November 2023

Using Ahmed’s (2012) scholarship on diversity work and institutional life as a conceptual framework, we examine how LGBTQ+ social justice educational intervention (SJEI) facilitators described the challenges of their role. We found LGBTQ+ SJEI facilitators descriptions of their role revealed institutional dynamics that undermine purported support of equity-based work. Institutional realities that facilitators faced were neither intentionally malicious nor hostile, and encapsulated by the descriptor of benign neglect. Our findings expose how LGBTQ+ SJEIs operate as non-performatives treated with benign neglect through unenforceable authority, administrative gaslighting, and resource scarcity.
Addressing the Public in Eighteenth-Century Russian Printed Letter Collections
Authors: Rubin-Detlev Kelsey
Published: November 2023

Abstract: This article offers the first scholarly overview of original and translated letter collections printed in eighteenth-century Russia. Through a close reading of the publication history, structure and paratexts of correspondence editions, it argues that the proliferation of such collections under Catherine the Great (1762–96) reflects an expanding definition of publicness and a related eagerness on the part of editors and translators to reconfigure relationships within the public. Editors widened state- and church-centred concepts of publicness to encompass an array of letter writers from cultural figures to ordinary citizens. Simultaneously, horizontal relationships of exchange between writers, editors, texts and readers came to rival vertical hierarchies in motivating and shaping epistolary publicity. A previously overlooked element in Catherinian print culture, letter collections provide unique insights into late eighteenth-century Russian thinking about what it meant to be (a) public.
The Strange Case of the Disappearing Soviet Waiter
Authors: Koenker Diane P.
Published: November 2023

Abstract: This article explores the phenomenon, causes and attempted solutions to the problem of poor restaurant service in the 1960s Soviet Union. It discusses the role of the restaurant in the dining options of the Soviet urban population, the organization of restaurants, the culture of service and the low status of the waitering trade and economic reforms. It also reconstructs the perspective of the Soviet waiters themselves to examine how they justified the behaviours decried by officials and customers. This exploration reveals a paradox between competing ideals of the 'good life': one of technologically driven satisfaction of biological needs, and the other of promotion of a psychologically rounded good life, in which the whole person merited respect. Lacking that respect and compensated with low wages, Soviet waiters responded with indifferent service.
Resonance ionization spectroscopy of high-lying 4sns and 4snd Rydberg levels of odd calcium isotopes
Authors: Iwata Yoshihiro , Miyabe Masabumi , Akaoka Katsuaki , Wakaida Ikuo , Hasegawa Shuichi
Published: November 2023

Calcium Rydberg levels are of significant interest for efficient and isotope-selective resonance ionization of trace radionuclides such as calcium-41 (41Ca). In this study, we report novel, to our knowledge, measurement data on the energy level shifts of 43Ca for 4sns 1S0 and 4s(n−1)d1D2 (n=40, 45, 50, 55, 60) Rydberg levels due to hyperfine-induced singlet–triplet mixing specific to isotopes with an odd mass number. Both 3S1 and 3D
J
triplet signals corresponding to forbidden transitions were enhanced for 43Ca at the high principal quantum numbers n=55 and 60, indicating a mixing of singlet components to some extent.
Full-duplex cylindrical vector beam multiplexing communication using spin-dependent phase modulation metasurfaces
Authors: Zeng Qingji , Wang Jing , Huang Huihua , Wu Haisheng , Ren Jianjun , Nong Lvye , Xie Zhiqiang , Liu Junmin , Ye Huapeng , Fan Dianyuan , Chen Shuqing
Published: November 2023

Cylindrical vector beam (CVB) has recently gained attention as a promising carrier for signal multiplexing owing to its mode orthogonality. However, the full-duplex multiplexing communication has not been previously explored for the lack of effective technologies to parallelly couple and separate CVB modes. Herein, we present a full-duplex solution for CVB multiplexing communication that utilizes spin-dependent phase modulation metasurfaces. By independently phase-modulating the two spin eigenstates of CVBs with the metasurface via spin-dependent orbital interactions, and loading two binary Dammann vortex gratings, we enabled an independent and reciprocal wave vector manipulation of CVBs for full-duplex (de)multiplexing operation. To demonstrate this concept, we constructed a 16-channel (including 4 CVB modes and 4 wavelengths) full-duplex CVB multiplexing communication system and achieved the bidirectional transmission of 800 Gbit/s quadrature-phase shift-keying (QPSK) signals over a 5 km few-mode fiber. Our results demonstrate the successful multiplexing and demultiplexing of 2 radial CVB modes and 2 azimuthal CVB modes in full-duplex communication with the bit-error-rates approaching 1.87 × 10−5.
Enhanced grey wolf algorithm for automatic tuning of an ensemble neural network in predicting PCF optical properties
Authors: Xu Qibo , Yang Hua , Yuan Xiaofang , Rong Jifang , Zhao Jiayi
Published: November 2023

The structural characteristics of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) determine their optical properties. This paper introduces an enhanced Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm termed ACD-GWO, which proposes adaptive strategies, chaotic mapping and dimension-based approaches and integrates them into the Grey Wolf Optimization framework. The aim is to achieve efficient automatic adjustment of hyperparameters and architecture for ensemble neural networks. The resulting ensemble neural network demonstrates accurate and rapid prediction of optical properties in PCFs, including effective refractive index, effective mode area, dispersion, and confinement loss, based on the PCF’s structural characteristics. Compared to random forest and feedforward neural network models, the ensemble neural network achieves higher accuracy with a mean squared error of 3.78 × 10−6. Additionally, the computational time is significantly reduced, with only 2.27 minutes required for training and 0.08 seconds for prediction, which is much faster than numerical simulation software. This will provide new possibilities for optical device design and performance optimization, driving cutting-edge research and practical applications in the field of optics.
Incoherently pumped event horizons in optical fibers
Authors: Qiu Yi , Xu Yiqing , Du Shuxin
Published: November 2023

Optical event horizons in fibers, driven by coherent pumps, have been a prominent subject of study within the field of nonlinear optics. Previously, optical event horizons involving a potent pump and a linear-wave were interpreted as phase-matching processes wherein new spectral components are derived from the linear-wave due to the influence of the strong pump. This nonlinear interaction, coupled with the wave mixing mechanism, has been elaborated upon in the spectral domain. It’s portrayed as a cascaded four-wave mixing process, achieving quasi-phase-matching through intermediate spectral components. Until now, research focused on event horizons or soliton linear-wave interactions has predominantly relied on coherent laser pump sources. However, there has been a recent resurgence in the exploration of incoherently pumped nonlinear optics. While the specific dynamics of incoherent light fields and their subsequent nonlinear processes might be elusive due to their inherent random field fluctuations, their incoherent nature unveils a multitude of statistical dynamics for nonlinear phenomena. In this work, we delve into optical event horizons encountered by linear-waves propelled by an incoherent light field within nonlinear optical fibers. Our numerical analysis scrutinizes the dynamics of linear-waves during optical event horizons under incoherent pumping. We further dissect the temporal statistics of the newly birthed idler-waves emerging from these event horizon processes.
Fundamental limits on radiative χ(2) second harmonic generation
Authors: Mohajan Jewel , Chao Pengning , Jin Weiliang , Molesky Sean , Rodriguez Alejandro W.
Published: November 2023

Recent advances in fundamental performance limits for power quantities based on Lagrange duality are proving to be a powerful theoretical tool for understanding electromagnetic wave phenomena. To date, however, in any approach seeking to enforce a high degree of physical reality, the linearity of the wave equation plays a critical role. In this manuscript, we generalize the current quadratically constrained quadratic program framework for evaluating linear photonics limits to incorporate nonlinear processes under the undepleted pump approximation. Via the exemplary objective of enhancing second harmonic generation in a (free-form) wavelength-scale structure, we illustrate a model constraint scheme that can be used in conjunction with standard convex relaxations to bound performance in the presence of nonlinear dynamics. Representative bounds are found to anticipate features observed in optimized structures discovered via computational inverse design. The formulation can be straightforwardly modified to treat other frequency-conversion processes, including Raman scattering and four-wave mixing.
Frequency-bin photonic quantum information
Authors: Lu Hsuan-Hao , Liscidini Marco , Gaeta Alexander L. , Weiner Andrew M. , Lukens Joseph M.
Published: November 2023

Discrete frequency modes, or bins, present a blend of opportunities and challenges for photonic quantum information processing. Frequency-bin-encoded photons are readily generated by integrated quantum light sources, naturally high-dimensional, stable in optical fiber, and massively parallelizable in a single spatial mode. Yet quantum operations on frequency-bin states require coherent and controllable multifrequency interference, making them significantly more challenging to manipulate than more traditional spatial degrees of freedom. In this mini-review, we describe recent developments that have transformed these challenges and propelled frequency bins forward. Focusing on sources, manipulation schemes, and detection approaches, we introduce the basics of frequency-bin encoding, summarize the state of the art, and speculate on the field’s next phases. Given the combined progress in integrated photonics, high-fidelity quantum gates, and proof-of-principle demonstrations, frequency-bin quantum information is poised to emerge from the lab and leave its mark on practical quantum information processing—particularly in networking where frequency bins offer unique tools for multiplexing, interconnects, and high-dimensional communications.
A software package for efficient patient trajectory analysis applied to analyzing bladder cancer development
Authors: Herzeel Charlotte , D’Hondt Ellie , Vandeweerd Valerie , Botermans Wouter , Akand Murat , Van der Aa Frank , Wuyts Roel , Verachtert Wilfried
Published: November 2023

We present the Patient Trajectory Analysis Library (PTRA), a software package for explorative analysis of patient development. PTRA provides the tools for extracting statistically relevant trajectories from the medical event histories of a patient population. These trajectories can additionally be clustered for visual inspection and identifying key events in patient progression. The algorithms of PTRA are based on a statistical method developed previously by Jensen et al, but we contribute several modifications and extensions to enable the implementation of a practical tool. This includes a new clustering strategy, filter mechanisms for controlling analysis to specific cohorts and for controlling trajectory output, a parallel implementation that executes on a single server rather than a high-performance computing (HPC) cluster, etc. PTRA is furthermore open source and the code is organized as a framework so researchers can reuse it to analyze new data sets. We illustrate our tool by discussing trajectories extracted from the TriNetX Dataworks database for analyzing bladder cancer development. We show this experiment uncovers medically sound trajectories for bladder cancer.
Female community health volunteers’ experience in navigating social context while providing basic diabetes services in western Nepal: Social capital and beyond from systems thinking
Authors: Dahal Usha , Tamang Rekha Lama , Dræbel Tania Aase , Neupane Dinesh , Koirala Adhikari Sweta , Soti Pabitra Babu , Gyawali Bishal
Published: November 2023

The global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has led to an increased mobilization of community health workers (CHWs) in the prevention and management of NCDs, particularly in resource-poor settings. However, little is known about the experiences of CHWs as they navigate the complex social context while proving home-based NCD management. This study aims to explore the experiences of female community health volunteers (FCHVs) in a community-based pilot project in western Nepal, specially regarding the social challenges they face while delivering basic type 2 diabetes (T2D) services. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the study conducted two focus group discussions and nine in-depth interviews with a total of 14 and 9 FCHVs, respectively. Social Capital theory was employed to understand the sociological aspects. The findings shed light on the challenges encountered by FCHVs in expanding their social networks, building trust, and fostering reciprocity among T2D intervention recepients. Notably, social trust was a significant challenge, compounded by power dynamics related to gender and socioeconomic status. FCHVs managed to overcome these challenges through their perseverance, self-motivation, and leaveraging their strong bonding and linking social capital. The recognition they received from the community played a crucial role in sustaining their motivation. The study highlights the importance of FCHVs’ strong social capital, supported by available resources and personal motivation, in overcoming social obstacles. It is imperative for community health interventions to anticipate challenges across various elements of social capital to ensure the long-term retention and motivation of CHWs. Establishing appropriate support systems that address personal motivating factors and the strengthen social capital is essential.
Optimization of physical and dielectric properties of Co-doped ZnO nanoparticles for low-frequency devices
Authors: Muhammad Adil , Sajid Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Nouman , Sheraz Muhammed , Khalid Awais , Ahmad Pervaiz , Alotibi Satam , Al-saidi Hamed M. , Sobahi Nebras , Alam Md Mottahir , Althahban Sultan , Saeedi Ahmad M. , Albargi Hasan B.
Published: November 2023

In this study, zinc-oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) doped with cobalt (Co) were synthesized using a simple coprecipitation technique. The concentration of Co was varied to investigate its effect on the structural, morphological, optical, and dielectric properties of the NPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of both undoped and Co-doped ZnO-NPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphology of the synthesized NPs, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to verify their purity. The band gap of the NPs was evaluated using UV-visible spectroscopy, which revealed a decrease in the energy gap as the concentration of Co2+ increased in the ZnO matrix. The dielectric constants and AC conductivity of the NPs were measured using an LCR meter. The dielectric constant of the Co-doped ZnO-NPs continuously increased from 4.0 × 10−9to 2.25 × 10−8, while the dielectric loss decreased from 4.0 × 10−8to 1.7 × 10−7as the Co content increased from 0.01 to 0.07%. The a.c. conductivity also increased with increasing applied frequency. The findings suggest that the synthesized Co-doped ZnO-NPs possess enhanced dielectric properties and reduced energy gap, making them promising candidates for low-frequency devices such as UV photodetectors, optoelectronics, and spintronics applications. The use of a cost-effective and scalable synthesis method, coupled with detailed material characterization, makes this work significant in the field of nanomaterials and device engineering.
The impact of Chinese adolescents visual art participation on self-efficacy: A serial mediating role of cognition and emotion
Authors: Deer Genman , Tadesse Endale , Chen Zhihan , Khalid Sabika , Gao Chunhai
Published: November 2023

A large volume of evidence indicates that only high-class students attend extracurricular activities (Art, music, sport, dancing). On the other hand, this evidence intensively underlines the substantial importance of such extracurricular activities, particularly in visual art, in promoting children’s cognitive and non-cognitive well-being. Adolescents’ participation in visual art was always interrelated with enhancing their emotional affection towards the Art and cognitive skill in making one, which ultimately built solid efficacy that allows them to interact with their society. The present cross-sectional study sought to shed light on the potential impact of visual art on adolescents’ emotional, cognition, and self-efficacy development, which needs to be improved in the Chinese context. Hence, randomly sampled (N = 2139) junior secondary school students were recruited from the rural province of Guizhou in Southwest China to attain the aim of the study. The study’s finding affirms that students engaged in artistic activities start to develop a habit of communicating with their peers, showing their work, and commenting on works made by their peers or observed in art exhibitions or museums; such a process makes them self-efficacious. Ultimately, this paper extends the application of visual art activities from educational benefits to nonacademic development, which are the primary agents for children’s well-being.