bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Syndrome Among Nigerians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Azeez Taoreed A. , Adeleye Jokotade , Omololu Enigbokan A. , Adejimi Bolaji , Oladapo John S.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased cardiovascular death. The objectives of this study were to find the frequency of metabolic syndrome among Nigerians with type 2 diabetes and to compare the modified National Cholesterol Education Program on the detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults—Adults Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria.

Materials and Methods:

The study involved 134 participants. Sixty-seven were cases with type 2 diabetes, whereas the rest were the controls without type 2 diabetes. Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Ethics Review Committee. Anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory parameters were obtained using standard protocols. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 22. Means were compared with Student’s t-test, whereas proportions were compared with Pearson’s χ2 test. Point biserial correlation was used to determine the association between the dichotomous variables and interval variables. Agreement between the criteria was tested with Cohen’s kappa test.

Results:

Type 2 diabetes was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension and truncal obesity. The frequency of metabolic syndrome was lower with the IDF criteria compared with the modified NCEP criteria (65.7% vs. 71.6%). Although there was a strong agreement between the IDF and the modified NCEP criteria (κ=0.862; P<0.0001), the IDF criteria missed 8.3% of diabetic individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome by the modified NCEP criteria. Cardiovascular risk is better predicted when the modified NCEP criteria were used to diagnose metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion:

Metabolic syndrome is very common among Nigerians with type 2 diabetes, and it is better diagnosed with the modified NCEP ATP III criteria.
A Rare Adverse Effect of Telmisartan
Authors: Kant Ravi , Tendulkar Prakash , Sharma Divanshee , Totaganti Manjunath
Published: June 2022

Hypertension is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases prevalent in the community. Its treatment is largely dependent on pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies. The pharmacological treatment is often associated with vivid side effects both common and rare adverse events. Here we report a rare adverse effect of a common antihypertensive drug, Telmisartan. The adverse event was suspected based on temporal association of starting the drug and appearance of headache. It was further strengthened by disappearance once the drug was withdrawn.
Factors Associated with Peripheral Neuropathy Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Punjot Pankaj , Bishnoi Ravin , Kant Ravi , Sharma Suresh K.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem globally. It is estimated that approximately 50% of people with diabetes suffer from diabetes peripheral neuropathy (DPN). All patients with diabetes should be screened for peripheral neuropathy. Therefore, this study was undertaken to explore and determine the factors associated with peripheral neuropathy.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with type 2 DM and with peripheral neuropathy at a patient visiting diabetes clinic of a tertiary care center. Neuropathy analysis was done by a peripheral neuropathy analyzer (Vibrotherm: EN ISO 13485:2012). The test consisted of four different steps: The first step was vibration perception for a six-point assessment of each foot; then, cold perception; hot perception; and finally, a 10g Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.

Result:

Out of 50 patients, the maximum were male (70%); mean age was 55.80 ± 11.48 years; 50% were living in urban areas, 40% in rural areas, and 10% in semi-urban areas; 34% were farmers, 26% were doing jobs, 24% were housewives, and 16% were businessmen. The mean duration of type 2 DM was 8.34 ± 7.89 years, and HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) was 9.47 ± 3.17. Overall, 44 patients had neuropathy; among them, 29 had only large fiber neuropathy, 42 had small fiber neuropathy, and 27 had both small and large fiber neuropathy. Large fiber neuropathy was found to be significantly associated with HbA1c level and the duration of DM, and mixed fiber neuropathy was found to be significantly associated with the age of the participants (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Peripheral neuropathy is very common in patients with type 2 DM; it is associated with age, level of HbA1c, and the duration of DM, so early action should be taken to mitigate its occurrence.
Thyroid Function Tests in Euthyroid Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women
Authors: Padmakumar Arya , Dias Lucetta Amelia , Sharma Nidhi
Published: June 2022

Background:

Pregnancy is associated with significant but reversible changes in thyroid functions, which may exacerbate thyroid disorders or improve thyroid disorders.

Objectives:

The present study was done to find out changes in thyroid function tests in each trimester in normal pregnant women when compared with non-pregnant women in a tertiary healthcare center.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study of 80 euthyroid women in the age group of 16–40 years was done. Twenty were non-pregnant and 20 were from first, second, and third trimesters each. Serum level measurement of T3, T4, and TSH was done with chemiluminescence technique.

Results:

The results of the study showed a progressive decrease in the mean values of FT3 and FT4, with a significant decrease in FT3 (P-value < 0.0001) and FT4 (P-value =0.0129) only in the third trimester. There was a progressive increase in the mean TSH levels through the pregnancy; however, there was no significant increase when compared with the non-pregnant women.

Conclusion:

There is a significant increase in serum T3 and T4 in pregnancy. Specific reference intervals should be used to identify the patients at risk and to take early interventions of treatment.
The Under-explored Side of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Manna Sukdev , Kant Ravi
Published: June 2022

Immune-mediated musculoskeletal (MSK) manifestation is one of the most prevalent phenotypes of rheumatic disorders. Diabetes Mellitus (DM), the modern epidemic, acts as a great mimicker of rheumatic diseases in terms of MSK involvement. Numerous attempts have been made in various strands of scientific research to identify the level of association of these disorders with DM but unfortunately, the results are not uniform. In daily clinical practice, it is sometimes difficult to differentiate diabetes-related joint and muscle problems from pure rheumatic disorders without proper background knowledge. Rheumatic manifestations often amplify the magnitude of diabetes-related morbidities. In the modern era, treating the primary disease is often not sufficient; we need to go further ahead to tackle its long-term complications also to mitigate the suffering of patients. The identification and management of diabetes-related rheumatic problems in the ocean of rheumatology needs sufficient evidence-based knowledge, expertise, as well as clinical experience. In our article, we intend to discuss various MSK problems related to diabetes, their pathogenesis, clinical features, important clues for diagnosis, and overall management strategies.
Utilization of Dental Health-Care Services by Accredited Social Health Activist and Anganwadi Workers in Lucknow District
Authors: Khoisnam Dyashwari Devi , Reddy L. Vamsi Krishna , Sinha Pooja M. , Goutham B. S. , Saha Sonali
Published: June 2022

Background:

Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) and Anganwadi workers are grassroots-level health activists who are involved in health education and community mobilization and form a bond between the community and the primary health-care delivery system in India. The cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the dental health-care utilization and to estimate the dentition and periodontal status of ASHA and Anganwadi workers.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted at the primary health centers and subcenters of Lucknow District. ASHA and Anganwadi workers presented on the day of the examination were included in the study. The study pro forma was used to record demographic details and dental utilization. Dentition status and periodontal status were used to record dental caries and periodontal status using the World Health Organization Oral Health Assessment Form 2013. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 21; descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and regression analysis were used to assess factors related to health-care utilization and P < 0.005 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The final study sample comprised 500 health-care workers (220 ASHA and 280 Anganwadi workers). Among the study population, 30% utilized dental services and was found to be statistically significant with age, occupation, and oral findings. However, 56.0% had both dental caries and periodontal diseases followed by dental caries[FIGURE DASH]32.0%, periodontal disease[FIGURE DASH]8.0%. There was a significant difference (P < 0.005) in the proportion of dental care utilization and oral diseases among participants.

Conclusions:

The dental care utilization was found to be short and is not comparative to the diseases among participants.
Awareness, Anxiety, and Stress among Health-Care Workers Deployed in Swab Collection During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Konduru Mounika , Kumar RVS Krishna , Reddy V Chandrasekhara , Gomasani Srinivasulu , Reddy Veguru Prathyusha , Prasanth P Symon
Published: June 2022

Background:

Swab collection is a challenging task, and the health-care workers (HCWs) have to face many difficulties while collecting swab samples of suspected patients. They often need to counsel the suspects as some think they do not have an infection but carry fear. Appropriate precautions should be taken in collecting specimens since this may expose HCWs to respiratory secretions from the suspects.

Purpose:

The purpose of the study was to assess awareness, anxiety, and stress among HCWs deployed in swab collection during the COVID-19 pandemic in Andhra Pradesh, India.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 102 HCWs filled out the questionnaire in this cross-sectional study. Google Forms were sent through WhatsApp and email. The participants were asked to forward the link to other known people who were also deployed in swab collection. The study took place in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, for 1 month.

Results:

About 73.5% of HCWs underwent training in swab collection. 90% of the undergraduates and 89% of the postgraduates were unhappy while staying away from family. Most of the study participants continued to wear personal protective equipment until completion of the working period. 39 of 44 undergraduates felt that swab collection was a high-risk job, and 42 of 55 postgraduates felt the same.

Conclusion:

Most of the HCWs are unhappy staying away from their family while deployed in swab collection. Majority of them reported swab collection as a high-risk job. As they are frontline workers, an enhanced variety of support should be offered. Psychosocial support and effective measures should be made readily available to them.
Impact of Dentures on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Assisted Living Facility Elders, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Shaik Parveen Sultana , Medapati Anuhya , Pachava Srinivas , Pavani Nijampatnam P. M. , Ravoori Srinivas , Palli Chinnababu
Published: June 2022

Background:

Dentures can improve dental function and appearance in older people, but they may reduce oral health-related quality of life. Further research is needed to determine how denture wearing affects the general health and well-being of assisted living home residents.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was performed among 587 inmates of old-age homes in Andhra Pradesh with a self-administered, pretested questionnaire that consists of two sections. The first section of the questionnaire includes information on demographic factors and duration of stay in an old-age home, and data about denture maintenance and usage. The second section of the questionnaire consists of an Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). For data presentation and analysis, IBM SPSS Statistics was used; descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and correlation were employed. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

In this study, the total satisfaction rate of complete denture (CD) users with good responses was 21.4% and for removable partial denture (RPD) users was 23.7%, which was statistically significant and was positively correlated. The overall OHIP for 1–5 years of denture users was high, with a mean of 53.8 ± 78.102, and a statistically significant difference existed between the CD and RPD users (P = 0.028).

Conclusion:

The overall satisfaction rate of RPD users was higher than the CD users and esthetics mainly impacts the satisfaction of dentures and the overall OHIP for 1–5 years of denture users was high.
Assessment of Perceived Stress Levels and its Sources among Indian Students in Dental Colleges of Odisha - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sarkar Sonali , Singh Dhirendra Kumar , Awasthi Riddhi
Published: June 2022

Background:

Dental school is a stressful experience for students as they face wide-ranging challenges related to patient care and pursuing academic excellence.

Aim:

The aim of the study is to estimate the psychological stress levels and its sources among undergraduate students at dental colleges in India.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a sample of 308 undergraduate students in their 3rd year, 4th year, and internship from three private dental schools in Odisha. A self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed where participants marked the stress levels caused by various academic and nonacademic stressors on a five-point Likert scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree). Demographic data of gender and year of study were also collected on the same questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis Used:

SPSS v27 was used to compute descriptive statistics, to perform tests for reliability and validity of the survey instrument and to perform two sample t-test for comparison of stressors with gender and one-way ANOVA for comparison of stressors year of study as factors.

Results:

Of the 300 completed questionnaires submitted, 49.7% of the participants were males (n = 151) and 50.3% were females (n = 149). Third-year students reported moderate stresses (mean stress >=3) due to factors related to curriculum structure, long classroom hours, reduced recreation time, homesickness, and hostel food. Fourth-year students reported severe stress (mean stress >=4) originating from stressors like completion of clinical quota and comparison with other professions. Interns reported severe stress (mean stress >=4) originating from stressors like family's expectations and fear of failure. There was a statistically significant difference in female participants who reported elevated stress compared to their male counterparts in dealing with stress related to workload and training (P = 0.008, two-tailed two-sample t-test).

Conclusions:

Students reported most stress originating from issues related to clinical workload burden, comparison with peers, family expectations, and personal relationship issues. We recommend that dentistry schools act with urgency to alleviate severe stressors with the formation of student advisory committees and appointment of counselors who can advocate for dental students' psychological well-being.
Reduction of Structure-Borne Tyre/Road Noise through Rubber Resonant Metamaterials in Tyres
Authors: Sangiuliano Luca , Boukadia Régis , Deckers Elke , Desmet Wim , Claeys Claus
Published: June 2022

This paper demonstrates the application of a resonant metamaterial concept to tyres in order to reduce structure-borne tyre/road noise. Special attention is given to the frequency range around 220Hz, containing the first acoustic tyre resonances. These resonances are known to transmit high forces to the wheel-knuckle, leading to structural energy propagating into the vehicle’s body and, consequently, causing a tonal noise issue in the vehicle compartment. By adding recycled rubber resonant elements to the inner liner of the tyre, structural stop band behaviour is achieved in the frequency band of interest. Hence, structural vibrations in the tyre are reduced, resulting in a reduction of the excitation of the first acoustic tyre resonances and, consequently, a mitigation of the transmitted forces to the wheel-knuckle. First, the stop band behaviour is designed via unit cell modelling of a section of a tyre mock-up that only accounts for its structural behaviour. Next, the resonant elements are produced and added to the tyre. Finally, an experimental campaign is carried out to verify the performance of resonant metamaterials in static and rolling conditions.
Effect of temperature and cassava genotype on the development, fecundity and reproduction of Bemisia tabaci SSA1
Authors: Katono K. , Macfadyen S. , Omongo C.A. , Colvin J. , Karungi J. , Otim M.H.
Published: June 2022

The Bemisia tabaci complex is currently recognised as key agricultural pests that cause economic damage globally. Temperature is the most important driver of changes in behaviour, abundance and distribution of insect pests, including the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). The objective of this study was to evaluate the development, fecundity and reproduction of B. tabaci SSA1 on cassava genotypes under a range of temperatures. A laboratory study was conducted using three cassava genotypes (Alado alado, NAROCASS 1 and NASE 14) at five constant temperatures (16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 °C). The parameters assessed included development duration, survival, fecundity and population parameters for B. tabaci SSA1. Temperature had significant effects (P<0.001) on development time, survival and fecundity of B. tabaci; while cassava genotype had no effect (P>0.05). An inverse relationship was observed between development time and temperature for all stages across all cassava genotypes. The total life cycle was 63.8 days at 16 °C and 17.9 days at 32 °C on NAROCASS 1. Survival for each stage throughout the entire life cycle increased with temperature and was highest at 32 °C, although this was not significantly different from that at 28 °C. Fecundity increased with temperature and was highest at 32 °C on all cassava genotypes. For all cassava genotypes, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (l) and net reproductive rate (Ro) increased with temperature, while mean generation time (T) reduced following a similar pattern. At 32 °C, rm, Ro, l and T were 0.2, 48.7, 1.2 and 22.6 days, respectively; compared to 0.01, 1.9, 1.0 and 71.2 days at 16 °C on Alado alado. Therefore, the ideal development temperature for B. tabaci SSA1 is 32 °C. Thus, there is a risk of accelerated future expansion of B. tabaci SSA1 populations globally, with global warming and climate variability.
Pengaruh Brand Ambassador Dan Brand Image Terhadap Minat Beli Yang Berdampak Pada Keputusan Pembelian
Authors: Purwati Annung , Cahyanti Mega Mirasaputri
Published: June 2022

This research aims to show the influence of brand ambassadors and brand image on buying interest and their impact on purchasing decisions. This study uses a quantitative approach. The research population is Scarlett consumers, whose total is not known with certainty. Sampling using purposive sampling technique and obtained 73 samples. The data analysis technique uses path analysis. The results showed that the brand ambassador did not affect buying interest. The brand image has a positive and significant influence on buying interest. The purchase intention has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. The brand ambassador has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. The brand image has no significant effect on purchasing decisions. The purchase intention cannot mediate the relationship between brand ambassadors and purchase decisions. The purchase intention can mediate the relationship between brand image and purchasing decisions. Companies can use this research in deciding policies and formulating strategies for maintaining a good brand image from consumer perceptions and using brand ambassadors to promote products.
A Question of Will: Addiction Treatment in Ecuador
Authors: Jácome-Rosenfeld Ana Isabel
Published: June 2022

Ana Isabel Jácome-Rosenfeld’s A Question of Will is a gift of moral acumen, providing the world with ethnographic insight and conceptual clarity. Pundits across the political spectrum can debate the pros and cons of drug prohibition and its fifty years of policies, but it took a scholar trained in the art of ethnography and the science of psychology to engage, face-to-face, those people affected most by the criminalization and medicalization of addiction. The short story is that the 2008 Constitution of Ecuador defines addiction as a health problem, and this marked a shift from a prohibitionist approach to drugs to the rise of public addiction treatment centers. These centers have not only become privileged spaces to understanding the transition from criminalization to medicalization, but also the many contradictions that the medicalization process advances. One of the most beautiful elements of this book is that Jácome also engages the employees of these centers and the families of these patients. They, too, have become embroiled in addiction. Beautiful, timely, and yet also timeless, this book invites the reader through its stunning prose to enter the public addiction treatment centers of Ecuador—to understand that addiction must not be reduced to a question of will.
THE DEFORMATION VALUE EFFECT ON THE TA-W-TA SOLID-PHASE JUNCTION NATURE WITH INTERMEDIATE TI (TITANIUM) INTERLAYERS FOR THE NEUTRON PRODUCING TARGET OF THE NEUTRON SOURCE
Authors: Borts B.V. , Zelinsky A.Yu. , Parkhomenko A.A. , Sytin V.I. , Gluschenko L.I. , Tkachenko V.I. , Vorobyov I.A. , Pidlisnyi A.D. , Lopata A.A. , Domnich M.P. , Patochkin I.V.
Published: June 2022

The paper presents the quality studies results of the Ta-W-Ta solid phase junctions with Ti interlayers obtained by hot roll bonding in vacuum, that determine the work suitability in the form of neutron producing targets at the research nuclear facility ‘Source of Neutrons’. It is shown the layers mutual penetration level of the Ta-W-Ta solid-phase junction with Ti interlayers which provides a high level of clad layers adhesion when using the hot vacuum roll bonding method. The deformation parameters necessary both for the solid phase bond occurrence and for the reliable solid-phase junction formation of tantalum and tungsten refractory metals layers through a titanium interlayer, with a joint strength exceeding the value of a less durable material are determined. The possibility of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using for side faces coating of targets was studied.
EXPERIMENTAL INSTALLATION FOR THE STUDY OF HEAT TRANSFER IN HELIUM ENVIRONMENT DURING DRY STORAGE OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL
Authors: Yatsenko M.V. , Korolyov A.V.
Published: June 2022

The duration and methods of intermediate storage of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) are the subject of constant debate due to economic, licensing and social problems. In this article, the authors present a description of the installation for studying heat transfer in helium environment during dry storage of spent nuclear fuel. Presented a general description of the installation, as well as the planned scenario of the tests that will be carried out.
The Effect of Organic Mulch Materials on Weed Control in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Cultivation
Authors: ALPTEKİN Harun , GÜRBÜZ Ramazan
Published: June 2022

This study was carried out in Iğdır University Şehit Bülent Yurtseven Campus to investigate the effects of different mulch materials on weed control, cucumber yield and soil temperature and moisture in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivation in 2020 and 2021. Five mulch materials (Linen cover, peat, chopped paper, straw and fresh clipping grass) were used in the study. Temperature and humidity data loggers were used in the study. The research was established in a randomized complete block design with 7 characters and 4 replications. In the both years of the study, the effects of mulch applications on weed dry weights and cucumber yield and some yield components were determined. As a result of the study, a total of 12 weed species belonging to 7 families were determined in the trial area. Accordingly, the effects of mulching on weed dry weight and cucumber yield were significant for both years (p
NAQSHBANDI ORDER AND ITS EFFECTS ON TURKISH POLITICAL LIFE
Authors: ÇELEBİ Mustafa Burak
Published: June 2022

The Naqshbandi Order and its important jamaat structures are among the important political debates in the history of the Turkish Republic, which has a predominant secular character. The intense political effects of the Naqshbandi Order in the Anatolian geography date back to the last two centuries. The Naqshbandi Order differs from other ones in it isolating itself from political and social events. Its capacity in adapting to time and place and organizing strong is one of the most important qualities of the order. Having these features and a city-centred mass structure, the Naqshbandi Order has managed to maintain its existence in every period. In the study; the establishment, historical development, general characteristics, important traditions of the Naqshbandi Order, and its effect on the Turkish politics from the Tanzimat Reform to the present are examined; and the İskenderpaşa Jamaat, which has been an important structure of the Naqshbandi Order after the 1950s, is given in detail, as well.
ASELSAN'IN BÜYÜME VE KARLILIĞINA İLİŞKİN BOX-JENKİNS YÖNTEMİ İLE BİR ÖNGÖRÜ ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: ÇEVİK Osman , KAYA Ebru
Published: June 2022

Yapılan bu çalışmada, savunma sanayi sektörünün en başarılı firmalarından biri olan ASELSAN’nın bazı ekonomik verilerini (özsermaye kârlılığı- aktif kârlılık- özsermaye büyüme ve aktif büyüme) kullanarak uygun modeller kurmak, kurulan bu modellerle de gelecek dönemler için öngörülerde bulunmak amaçlanmıştır. Adı geçen firmadan elde edilen veriler, Box-Jenkins yöntemi yardımı ile analiz edilmiş ve öngörüler yapılmıştır. İlgili firmanın 1996-2018 yıllarını kapsayan 3’er aylık ekonomik verileri kullanılarak gerekli analizler yapılmış, uygun Box-Jenkins modelleri elde edilmiş ve bu modeller yardımıyla da 2019-2020 yıllarına ait 3’er aylık 8 dönem için öngörüler yapılmıştır. Yapılan öngörülere göre, gelecek dönemlerde ASELSAN’ın özsermaye karlılığı değerlerinin önce azalma, daha sonra çok hafif yükselme eğilimi göstereceği, aktif karlılık değerlerinin ise azalma eğilimi içerisinde olacağı anlaşılmaktadır. Yine özsermaye büyüme değerlerinin önce hafif bir dalgalanma gösterip daha sonra azalma eğiliminde olacağı, aktif büyüme değerlerinin ise önce hafif bir yükselme gösterip daha sonra azalarak ortalama civarında seyretme eğiliminde olacağı tespit edilmiştir.
Correlation among Principal Transformational Leadership, Interpersonal Communication and Organizational Commitment on Teacher Performance in Public Elementary Schools in Paringin District, Balangan Regency
Authors:   Master of Educational Administration, Lambung Mangkurat University Banjarmasin, Indonesia
Published: June 2022

This study was conducted to describe the principal's transformational leadership, interpersonal communication, and organizational commitment to determine the direct relationship of the principal's transformational leadership with teacher performance; interpersonal communication with teacher performance; organizational commitment with teacher performance; and the indirect relationship among principals' transformational leadership, organizational commitment and teacher performance; interpersonal communication, organizational commitment with teacher performance. The population in this study was 176 teachers with a sample of 122 teachers using proportional random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of transformational leadership of school principals (20 items); interpersonal communication (20 items); organizational commitment (26 items); and teacher performance (20 items). Analysis of this research study data using path analysis. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between transformational leadership and teacher performance; interpersonal communication with teacher performance, and organizational commitment with teacher performance and there is a relationship between transformational leadership, organizational commitment with teacher performance, interpersonal communication, organizational commitment with teacher performance at State Elementary Schools in Paringin District, Balangan Regency.
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND MEASURES FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TRAINING AND FOSTERING QUALITY OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT TEAM IN VIETNAM
Authors:   Researcher team of The University of Education - Hanoi National University, BICH ASS. PROF, DR. TRUONG THI
Published: June 2022

From affirming the role and the requirements of educational managers (EM) during the reform period; on the basis of a brief recognition of the actual quality of education managers in the school; from some experience in fostering educational managers of Singapore and Malaysia, the article proposes measures to improve the quality of training and fostering educational managers in Vietnam: a) Increasing awareness of the role and positions of Educational Managers in the basic and comprehensive renovation of education and training; b) Fundamentally renewing the training and fostering work for Educational Managers.
Assessment of difference in physical activities in urban and rural adolescents of Mangalore
Authors: Kundapur Rashmi , Baisil Sharon
Published: June 2022

Background: The increasing prevalence of adolescents who are overweight is one of the most pressing public health problems in India. Aims & Objectives: To find the difference in Physical Activities(PA) among urban adolescents to that of rural in Mangalore. Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study among high school students using a standard questionnaire (PAQ-A) to elicit total hours of PA during the past seven days. Results: Average age of the adolescents was 13.9. We could find 56% boys and 44% girls studying in urban schools and 53.3% boys and 46.6 % girls in rural. Seventy seven percent of the total students do running/jogging as their major PA and 66.6% students do cycling. Only 32.8% students had PA while coming to school every day and it was most common among boys in rural schools (55%). Total PA Score for rural areas was 453.5 with a mean of 3.06(out of 5). For Urban areas, total score was 376.3 with a mean of 2.5 and the difference in proportion was statistically significant. Conclusion: We found that the adolescents studying in the schools of rural areas had better physical activities compared to their urban school counterparts.
Students perception of teaching-learning methods in Community Medicine at a Government Medical College in Rajasthan
Authors: Sharma Rupa , Yadav Subhash Mohan , Joshi Shree Mohan , Kaushik Pratap Bhan
Published: June 2022

Background: Knowledge of Community Medicine plays a pivot role in effective delivery of health care services. Effective Teaching-Learning (T-L) of a class of 150-200 students is a challenge. Research is needed to identify methods suitable to the needs of the students. Students’ perspective is an important diagnostic feedback tool in this context. Aims & Objectives: To know the students’ preferences and perceptions regarding current T-L methods and their felt need for modification in the T-L approach. Material & Methods: Responses were collected from students pursuing internship regarding their preferences and perception on a pretested, validated semi structured questionnaire, most of the responses were collected on a Likert type five point scale. The data was analyzed by calculating percentage, mean and Standard Deviation (SD). Result: Majority (66.2%) felt a need for modification in T-L Approach and 74% of these opined that it will improve their performance in assessments. Presentation of content was voted as most important component for effective T-L (mean 3.9± 1.39). Desirable modifications was more time allotment to integrated modular T-L (51%) and field visits (26%). Conclusion: A judicious combination of Power point presentations with Modular T-L sessions and Field visits can be a more effective T-L approach in Community Medicine from the students’ perspective.
Teaching clinical empathy to undergraduate medical students of Dehradun: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Srivastava Ashok K , Tiwari Kritika , Vyas Shaili , Semwal Jayanti , Kandpal Sunil Dutt
Published: June 2022

Background:Empathy, the aptitude to resonate with others’ emotions,influences favourable doctor-patient relationship and treatment outcome. The clinical empathy comes a cropper for medical students as they stride towards the completion of medical course. Empathy is a docile characteristic; hence the lamentable dwindling of clinical empathy is amenable to prevention by specially designed targeted interventions.

Objectives:To evaluate any change in empathy level of undergraduate medical students after an interactive audio-visual teaching session on clinical empathy

Methodology:It was a pre-post quasi experimental study done on 328 undergraduate medical (MBBS) students of Dehradun by using Jefferson Scale of Empathy- Medical Student Version (JSPE-S) with pre-test and post-test separated by an interval of one month after an interactive audio-visual teaching session on clinical empathy.

Results:There was statistically significant improvement in overall mean empathy scores from 99.01(±12.9) to 109.33(±12.8) with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.1). Statistically significant improvement in empathy level was seen irrespective of gender, age, MBBS year and area of interest for future speciality with large effect sizes of >0.8.

Conclusion:Clinical empathy can be improved during the years of medical education by specifically designed interventions.
Prevalence of psychological disorders among patients attending community health centers, Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Perveen Asma , Khan Rahmattullah Khan Bin Abdul Wahab , Shahadan Md Azman , Hamzah Hazalizah Binti , Hidayah Abas Nurul Ain , Khan Abdul Mujeeb
Published: June 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of psychological disorders among community health centers in Batang Padang district Perak. Material & Methods: To conduct this study survey research method was used, seven community health centers in Batang Padang District, Perak were contacted to collect data from (N=216) respondents, who attended health facilities in Batang Padang District. There is no age limit, no education difference and no other requirement needed. Instrument and Materials: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) PRIME Screen and PRIME MD Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). Results: Data collected from seven health community centers revealed that prevalence of Stress 86%, anxiety 124%, depression 67, psychotic symptoms 16%, somatoform symptoms 52%, panic symptoms 28%, and substance abuse 21%. the higher prevalence was stress and depression among people attending health centers. Conclusion: Results findings indicated that there is significant prevalence of psychological disorder among community health centers. Analysis of the results help us to determine that there is strong need to provide psychological services, awareness and education plan, management and prevention for psychological disorders
Global Viral Hepatitis Strategy: Issues with Hepatitis B Immunization in India
Authors: Pathni Anupam Khungar , Pathni Rajiv
Published: June 2022

Hepatitis B vaccination, a key component of the recently adopted Global Viral Hepatitis Strategy, has been plagued by various issues since its introduction under the National immunization program in India. While the concerns relating to the inclusion of the vaccine under the Universal Immunization Program, the vaccination strategies adopted and prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B have been largely resolved, data from recent research has underscored the need for regular monitoring of immunological and epidemiological outcomes of the vaccine. Controversies surrounding the safety and efficacy of the recently introduced combination pentavalent vaccine have highlighted that besides reinforcing surveillance of adverse events following immunization in the public sector, the private health sector in the country needs to be supported in this activity by increasing awareness and strengthening public-private collaboration
Do hot-spots of maternal mortality ratio exist in india? A district-level spatial analysis
Authors: Puranik Amitha , Nair Suma , VS Binu , Biju Seena
Published: June 2022

Background: Hot-spot detection of Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) can assist in identifying the exact geographic location of regions that need urgent attention. Aims &Objectives: To detect hot-spots of MMR at district level in the selected nine states of India and the observed pattern was further correlated with hot-spots of certain known risk factors of MMR in the same region. Material &Methods: Data on MMR was obtained from Annual Health Survey 2012-13. Moran’s I was computed for MMR to quantify spatial autocorrelation. The hot-spot analysis of MMR and its potential risk factors were performed using Getis-Ord Gi* statistic, a measure of local indicators of spatial autocorrelation (LISA). The spatial analysis was based on queen’s contiguity weight matrix and analyses were done using ArcGIS 10.3. Results: The Moran’s I value of MMR was found to be 0.69 indicating a positive spatial autocorrelation. Districts with MMR hot-spotting was largely observed in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, followed by Assam, Bihar and Jharkhand. The hot-spot analysis unveiled an inverse relation of MMR with female literacy rate, mothers who received any antenatal check-up (%), mothers who utilized Janani Suraksha Yojana (%), safe delivery (%) and urbanization (%). Marriages among females below 18 years (%), total fertility rate and women with unmet need for spacing (%) had a direct relation with MMR. Conclusion: Information on hot-spots as depicted in this study can help locate the regions vulnerable to MMR and the potential risk factors, which in turn could aid in implementing targeted intervention programs.
Burden of dermatological manifestations across various age groups of a Hilly State in North India
Authors: Pandey Vivek Kumar , Aggarwal Pradeep , Kakkar Rakesh , Jindal Rashmi
Published: June 2022

Background: The dermatological condition accounts for an important public health problem of the global load of disease in low and middle-income countries and places significant pressure on primary healthcare centers. There is heterogeneity in the frequency of diverse skin conditions between different areas (1). Most of the knowledge presently available about various aspects of skin diseases is based on observations made and data collected from secondary and tertiary level hospitals (2). Information on community-based prevalence and pattern of skin diseases would be a better measure of burden due to skin diseases in general population in order to assist in the planning of possible intervention strategies (3). Aims & Objectives: To find out the prevalence, distribution, and determinants of various dermatological manifestations at the community level in Doiwala block of district Dehradun. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 12 months, the study subjects comprised of individuals of all age groups. A sample size of 834 (416 males & 418 females) was calculated by using current prevalence of skin diseases (43.7% in males & 44.7% in females) in Uttarakhand (1). Results: Nearly half of the studied population (45.8%) had some type of dermatological manifestations. It was slightly higher in females (47.1%) than males (44.5%). Out of 382 symptomatic respondents, 247 (64.7) had infective dermatoses followed by 124 (32.5%) non-infective, 6 (1.5%) others and 5 (1.3%) nutritional deficiency dermatoses. The gender-wise distribution of various types of dermatoses was found to be statistically significant (?2-15.225, df-3, p-0.002). Conclusions: The prevalence of dermatological conditions in district Dehradun is fairly high with increased prevalence in the younger age group that might be an indicator to the fact that the burden of skin diseases may go to rise in the future.
A study of malnutrition and associated risk factors among children of age 06-59 months in rural area of Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Shukla Nandini , Toppo Neelam A , Thakur Aditya , Kasar Pradeep Kumar , Sharma Brajesh
Published: June 2022

Background: “Malnutrition is a silent emergency”. Malnutrition is not only an important cause of childhood mortality and morbidity, but also leads to permanent impairment of both physical and mental growth of those who survive. Aims & Objectives: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition and association with various risk factors among children of age 06-59 months in rural area of Jabalpur district Madhya Pradesh. Material and Methods: Study was conducted among 517 children of age group 06-59 months in two randomly selected blocks of Jabalpur District.  Multistage random sampling technique was used. Predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data and anthropometric measurements were done. Data analysis was done using Epi Info™ 7.1.5 and SPSS 20.0 (free trial version). Result: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting were found to be 35.8%, 41.4% and 19.7% respectively while the prevalence of obese and overweight was 2.7% & 5.6% respectively. Children born with low birth weight, having higher birth order, more number of siblings, those with incomplete immunization status and inappropriate feeding practices were associated with malnutrition. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the multiple risk factors for childhood malnutrition requiring multisectoral approach to fight against this silent killer.
Surveillance, Evaluation of Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (PMDT) at DR-TB Centre, NITRD, New Delhi
Authors: Padda Preeti , Singla Neeta , Sarin Rohit
Published: June 2022

Background: PMDT was launched in 2007 in our country but drug resistant TB remains to be a public health problem. Effective surveillance is the backbone for success of any programme and true stands for PMDT. Aim & Objectives: To identify the strengths and constraints of the surveillance evaluation system. Material & Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in January 2015 at DR-TB Centre of NITRD, New Delhi which caters to a population of 29 lacs. PMDT surveillance system was evaluated using attributes like simplicity, data quality, acceptability, positive predictive value, representativeness and timeliness defined by CDC, USA guidelines. Relevant information was collected using data abstraction form and interview with stakeholders. Data was analysed using EpiInfo 07 version. Results: Nodal officer and District TB officer are responsible for surveillance system activities of PMDT at DR-TB centre and district level, respectively. All the reports (100%) were submitted on time and all the districts were reporting to DR-TB centre. 75% of TB-HIV coordinators found reporting formats to be simple but all the quarterly reports were found to be complete. Data quality was not found to be optimal. Conclusion: Private sector needs to be taken on board as they have no to minimal involvement in PMDT. For data quality improvement time to time training of medical officers and health workers should be organized.
Can We Eliminate Anaemia from India?
Authors: Kapil Umesh , Gupta Aakriti
Published: June 2022

Anaemia, as defined by low haemoglobin concentration, is a condition in which the number of red blood cells or their oxygen-carrying capacity is insufficient to meet physiologic needs. It is a major public health problem that affects low, middle and high-income countries. The global prevalence of anaemia is 42.6% in children, 38% in pregnant women and 29.4% in all women of reproductive age. The prevalence of severe anaemia amongst women and children is in the range of 0.9% to 1.5% and is associated with substantially worse health outcomes (1).
Supplementation of higher doses of Iron in programmes to control anaemia is a double edged sword
Authors: Mahajan Preetam B , BS Rama Krishna , Kapil Umesh , Ramadass Balamurugan
Published: June 2022

Anemia is a major public health problem globally. Due to loss of 42.2 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2011, Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) was ranked among the top three major causes of disability in the world (1,2). IDA is responsible for at least 50% of anemia and is highly prevalent in India especially among women, children below 5 years, and adolescent girls (3) perhaps due to increased needs, insufficient dietary supplies, poor intervention coverage etc (4). Anemic girls will grow up to anemic mothers and in turn give birth to anemic children. Childhood anemia can have long term consequences. IDA has been associated with developmental deficits, impaired memory and neurodevelopment, diminished physical function, depression, fatigue, loss of vitality, preterm delivery, and lower infant birth weight (5–10). These, effects attributable to anemia remain invisible but are substantial (11), as it has serious health and economic costs and may hinder nation’s development. Therefore, effective and safe interventions are urgently needed across the lifecycle. The issue has attracted global attention and for the first time targets have been suggested like reducing the proportion of anemia among women of reproductive age (WRA) by 50% by 2025 in comparison to the baseline year 2011 (12). This is likely to add impetus to global efforts in reducing anemia and monitor the progress towards it.
Choice of point of Care diagnostic device in anemia prevalence surveys: policy-level Implications in monitoring progress and guiding further action.
Authors: Mahajan Preetam B , A Newtonraj , Bazroy Joy , Sinha Anju , Kapil Umesh , Purty Anil
Published: June 2022

Anemia is highly prevalent disease of global concern. Childhood anemia can result in irreversible damage to brain and affect cognitive, intellectual, and pyscho-motor development. In pregnant women, it is a significant contributor to adverse maternal outcome (1–4). In 2011, alone it was responsible for loss of 42 million Disability adjusted life years and among the top three causes of disability worldwide (5). In an attempt to address this huge public health problem, guidelines have been issued by various leading international organizations and targets have been set to monitor progress towards its control. One such indicator is 50% reduction of anemia in women in reproductive age group (WRA) between 2011 and 2025 (6). This makes it necessary to carry out huge population-based anemia prevalence surveys repeatedly, to measure the progress and guide policy makers in carrying out specific interventions needed to reduce its prevalence.