bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone)s Containing Aliphatic Moieties for Effective Membrane Electrode Assembly Fabrication by Low-Temperature Decal Transfer Methods
Authors: Choi Jieun , Kyeong Minkyu , Kim Minsung , Lee Sang-Soo , Seo Bora , Park Hyun Seo , Park Hee-Young , Henkensmeier Dirk , Lee So Young , Kim Hyoung-Juhn
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the aliphatic moiety in the sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SPAES) backbone. A new monomer (4,4’-dihydroxy-1,6-diphenoxyhexane) was synthesized and polymerized with other monomers to obtain partially alkylated SPAESs. According to differential scanning calorimetry analysis, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of these polymers ranged from 85 to 90 °C, which is 100 °C lower than that of the fully aromatic SPAES. Due to the low Tg values obtained for the partially alkylated SPAESs, it was possible to prepare a hydrocarbon electrolyte membrane-based membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with Nafion® binder in the electrode through the use of a decal transfer method, which is the most commercially suitable system to obtain an MEA of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). A single cell prepared using this partially alkylated SPAES as an electrolyte membrane exhibited a peak power density of 539 mW cm−2.
Lattice Vibrations and Time-Dependent Evolution of Local Phonon Modes during Exciton Formation in Conjugated Polymeric Molecules
Authors: Zhang Yusong , Shi Huayan , Luo Junteng , Shen Jianguo , Li Sheng , George Thomas F.
Published: May 2021

Based on nonadiabatic molecular dynamics that integrate electronic transitions with the time-dependent phonon spectrum, this article provides a panoramic landscape of the dynamical process during the formation of photoinduced excitons in conjugated polymers. When external optical beam/pulses with intensities of 10 µJ/cm2 and 20 µJ/cm2 are utilized to excite a conjugated polymer, it is found that the electronic transition firstly triggers local lattice vibrations, which not only locally distort alternating bonds but change the phonon spectrum as well. Within the first 60 fs, the occurrence of local distortion of alternating bonds accompanies the localization of the excited-state’s electron. Up to 100 fs, both alternating bonds and the excited electronic state are well localized in the middle of the polymer chain. In the first ~200 fs, the strong lattice vibration makes a local phonon mode at 1097.7 cm−1 appear in the phonon spectrum. The change of electron states then induces the self-trapping effect to act on the following photoexcitation process of 1.2 ps. During the following relaxation of 1.0 ps, new local infrared phonon modes begin to occur. All of this, incorporated with the occurrence of local infrared phonon modes and localized electronic states at the end of the relaxation, results in completed exciton formation.
Synergistic Dual Catalytic System and Kinetics for the Alcoholysis of Poly(Lactic Acid)
Authors: Lamberti Fabio M. , Ingram Andy , Wood Joseph
Published: May 2021

Plastic pollution is a global issue that is approaching crisis levels as plastic production is projected to reach 1.1 GT annually by 2050. The bioplastic industry along with a circular production economy are solutions to this problem. One promising bioplastic polylactic acid (PLA) has mechanical properties comparable to polystyrene (PS), so it could replace PS in its applications as a more environmentally sustainable material. However, since the bioplastic PLA also suffers from long biodegradation times in the environment, to ensure that it does not add to the current pollution problem, it should instead be chemically recycled. In this work, PLA was chemically recycled via alcoholysis, using either methanol or ethanol to generate the value-added products methyl lactate and ethyl lactate respectively. Two catalysts, zinc acetate dihydrate (ZnAc) and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP), were tested both individually and in mixtures. A synergistic effect was exhibited on the reaction rate when both catalysts were used in an equal ratio. The methanolysis reaction was determined to be two-step, with the activation energy estimated to be 73 kJ mol−1 for the first step and 40.16 kJ mol−1 for the second step. Both catalysts are cheap and commercially available, their synergistic effect could be exploited for large-scale PLA recycling.
Individual Tree Canopy Parameters Estimation Using UAV-Based Photogrammetric and LiDAR Point Clouds in an Urban Park
Authors: Ghanbari Parmehr Ebadat , Amati Marco
Published: May 2021

Estimation of urban tree canopy parameters plays a crucial role in urban forest management. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have been widely used for many applications particularly forestry mapping. UAV-derived images, captured by an onboard camera, provide a means to produce 3D point clouds using photogrammetric mapping. Similarly, small UAV mounted light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors can also provide very dense 3D point clouds. While point clouds derived from both photogrammetric and LiDAR sensors can allow the accurate estimation of critical tree canopy parameters, so far a comparison of both techniques is missing. Point clouds derived from these sources vary according to differences in data collection and processing, a detailed comparison of point clouds in terms of accuracy and completeness, in relation to tree canopy parameters using point clouds is necessary. In this research, point clouds produced by UAV-photogrammetry and -LiDAR over an urban park along with the estimated tree canopy parameters are compared, and results are presented. The results show that UAV-photogrammetry and -LiDAR point clouds are highly correlated with R2 of 99.54% and the estimated tree canopy parameters are correlated with R2 of higher than 95%.
SharpGAN: Dynamic Scene Deblurring Method for Smart Ship Based on Receptive Field Block and Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Feng Hui , Guo Jundong , Xu Haixiang , Ge Shuzhi Sam
Published: May 2021

Complex marine environment has an adverse effect on the object detection algorithm based on the vision sensor for the smart ship sailing at sea. In order to eliminate the motion blur in the images during the navigation of the smart ship and ensure safety, we propose SharpGAN, a new image deblurring method based on the generative adversarial network (GAN). First of all, we introduce the receptive field block net (RFBNet) to the deblurring network to enhance the network’s ability to extract blurred image features. Secondly, we propose a feature loss that combines different levels of image features to guide the network to perform higher-quality deblurring and improve the feature similarity between the restored images and the sharp images. Besides, we use the lightweight RFB-s module to significantly improve the real-time performance of the deblurring network. Compared with the existing deblurring methods, the proposed method not only has better deblurring performance in subjective visual effects and objective evaluation criteria, but also has higher deblurring efficiency. Finally, the experimental results reveal that the SharpGAN has a high correlation with the deblurring methods based on the physical model.
Channel Allocation for Connected Vehicles in Internet of Things Services
Authors: Al-Absi Ahmed Abdulhakim , Al-Absi Mohammed Abdulhakim , Sain Mangal , Lee Hoon Jae
Published: May 2021

Based on the existing Internet of Vehicles communication protocol and multi-channel allocation strategy, this paper studies the key issues with vehicle communication. First, the traffic volume is relatively large which depends on the environment (city, highway, and rural). When many vehicles need to communicate, the communication is prone to collision. Secondly, because the traditional multi-channel allocation method divides the time into control time slots and transmission time slots when there are few vehicles, it will cause waste of channels, also when there are more vehicles, the channels will not be enough for more vehicles. However, to maximize the system throughput, the existing model Enhanced Non-Cooperative Cognitive division Multiple Access (ENCCMA) performs amazingly well by connected the Cognitive Radio with Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) for a multi-channel vehicular network.However, this model induces Medium Access Control (MAC) overhead and does not consider the performance evaluation in various environmental conditions.Therefore, this paper proposes a Distributed Medium Channel Allocation (DMCA) strategy, by dividing the control time slot into an appointmentand a safety period in the shared channel network. SIMITS simulator was used for experiment evaluation in terms of throughput, collision, and successful packet transmission. However, the outcome shows that our method significantly improved the channel utilizationand reduced the occurrence of communication overhead.
Cross-Sensor Fingerprint Matching Using Siamese Network and Adversarial Learning
Authors: Alrashidi Adhwa , Alotaibi Ashwaq , Hussain Muhammad , AlShehri Helala , AboAlSamh Hatim A. , Bebis George
Published: May 2021

The fingerprint is one of the leading biometric modalities that is used worldwide for authenticating the identity of persons. Over time, a lot of research has been conducted to develop automatic fingerprint verification techniques. However, due to different authentication needs, the use of different sensors and the fingerprint verification systems encounter cross-sensor matching or sensor interoperability challenges, where different sensors are used for the enrollment and query phases. The challenge is to develop an efficient, robust and automatic system for cross-sensor matching. This paper proposes a new cross-matching system (SiameseFinger) using the Siamese network that takes the features extracted using the Gabor-HoG descriptor. The proposed Siamese network is trained using adversarial learning. The SiameseFinger was evaluated on two benchmark public datasets FingerPass and MOLF. The results of the experiments presented in this paper indicate that SiameseFinger achieves a comparable performance with that of the state-of-the-art methods.
Atmospheric Boundary Layer Wind Profile Estimation Using Neural Networks Applied to Lidar Measurements
Authors: García-Gutiérrez Adrián , Domínguez Diego , López Deibi , Gonzalo Jesús
Published: May 2021

This paper introduces a new methodology for estimating the wind profile within the ABL (Atmospheric Boundary Layer) using a neural network and a single-point near-ground measurement. An important advantage of this solution when compared with others available in the literature is that it only requires near surface measurements for the prognosis once the neural network is trained. Another advantage is that it can be used to study the wind profile temporal evolution. This work uses data collected by a lidar sensor located at the Universidad de León (Spain). The neural network best configuration was determined using sensibility analyses. The result is a multilayer perceptron with three layers for each altitude: the input layer has six nodes for the last three measurements, the second has 128 nodes and the third consists of two nodes that provide u and v. The proposed method has better performance than traditional methods. The obtained wind profile information obtained is useful for multiple applications, such as preliminary calculations of the wind resource or CFD models.
Analysis of ‘Pre-Fit’ Datasets of gLAB by Robust Statistical Techniques
Authors: Alonso Maria Teresa , Ferigato Carlo , Ibanez Segura Deimos , Perrotta Domenico , Rovira-Garcia Adria , Sordini Emmanuele
Published: May 2021

The GNSS LABoratory tool (gLAB) is an interactive educational suite of applications for processing data from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). gLAB is composed of several data analysis modules that compute the solution of the problem of determining a position by means of GNSS measurements. The present work aimed to improve the pre-fit outlier detection function of gLAB since outliers, if undetected, deteriorate the obtained position coordinates. The methodology exploits robust statistical tools for regression provided by the Flexible Statistics and Data Analysis (FSDA) toolbox, an extension of MATLAB for the analysis of complex datasets. Our results show how the robust analysis FSDA technique improves the capability of detecting actual outliers in GNSS measurements, with respect to the present gLAB pre-fit outlier detection function. This study concludes that robust statistical analysis techniques, when applied to the pre-fit layer of gLAB, improve the overall reliability and accuracy of the positioning solution.
Novel Ensemble Forecasting of Streamflow Using Locally Weighted Learning Algorithm
Authors: Adnan Rana Muhammad , Jaafari Abolfazl , Mohanavelu Aadhityaa , Kisi Ozgur , Elbeltagi Ahmed
Published: May 2021

The development of advanced computational models for improving the accuracy of streamflow forecasting could save time and cost for sustainable water resource management. In this study, a locally weighted learning (LWL) algorithm is combined with the Additive Regression (AR), Bagging (BG), Dagging (DG), Random Subspace (RS), and Rotation Forest (RF) ensemble techniques for the streamflow forecasting in the Jhelum Catchment, Pakistan. To build the models, we grouped the initial parameters into four different scenarios (M1–M4) of input data with a five-fold cross-validation (I–V) approach. To evaluate the accuracy of the developed ensemble models, previous lagged values of streamflow were used as inputs whereas the cross-validation technique and periodicity input were used to examine prediction accuracy on the basis of root correlation coefficient (R), root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), relative absolute error (RAE), and root relative squared error (RRSE). The results showed that the incorporation of periodicity (i.e., MN) as an additional input variable considerably improved both the training performance and predictive performance of the models. A comparison between the results obtained from the input combinations III and IV revealed a significant performance improvement. The cross-validation revealed that the dataset M3 provided more accurate results compared to the other datasets. While all the ensemble models successfully outperformed the standalone LWL model, the ensemble LWL-AR model was identified as the best model. Our study demonstrated that the ensemble modeling approach is a robust and promising alternative to the single forecasting of streamflow that should be further investigated with different datasets from other regions around the world.
Analysis of Attendance and Speleotourism Potential of Accessible Caves in Karst Landscape of Slovakia
Authors: Čech Vladimír , Chrastina Peter , Gregorová Bohuslava , Hronček Pavel , Klamár Radoslav , Košová Vladislava
Published: May 2021

Caves represent natural phenomena that have been used by man since ancient times, first as a refuge and dwelling, and later as objects of research and tourism. In the karst landscape of Slovak Republic in Central Europe, more than 7000 caves are registered in a relatively small area, of which 18 are open to the public. This paper deals with the analysis of the speleotourism potential of 12 of these caves, administered by the Slovak Caves Administration. Based on the obtained data, we first evaluate the number of visitors in 2010–2019. Using a public opinion survey among visitors, we then evaluate the individual indicators of quality and each cave’s resulting potential. We use a modified standardization methodology and standardization of individual evaluation criteria weights for individual evaluation indicators. The resulting values of the potential of caves for speleotourism point to the great importance of these sites for domestic and foreign tourism and the protection of nature and landscape, as 5 of these caves have been part of the UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage List since 1995.
Potentials of Medicinal Plant Extracts as an Alternative to Synthetic Chemicals in Postharvest Protection and Preservation of Horticultural Crops: A Review
Authors: Nxumalo Kwanele Andy , Aremu Adeyemi Oladapo , Fawole Olaniyi Amos
Published: May 2021

Horticultural crops undergo various physiological and biochemical changes that lead to undesirable physiological disorders, decay and subsequent economic losses during storage. Quality degradation of horticultural crops is mainly caused by postharvest pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium spp., etc. The application of synthetic fungicides remains the most effective method to control postharvest pathogens. However, their use is becoming increasingly restricted internationally due to health concerns and consumers’ requests for safe and natural alternatives. This has led researchers to investigate natural flora as one of the alternatives to be used in crop protection and preservation. Various medicinal plant parts have different phytochemicals and antioxidants that can be used in crop protection and preservation. Extracts from plants such as Ruta chalepensis, Eucalyptus globulus, etc., have proven to be effective in controlling postharvest pathogens of horticultural crops and increased their shelf life when used as a substitute for synthetic chemicals. Furthermore, extracts from neem and other medicinal plants contain a predominant and insecticidal active ingredient. The application of medicinal plant extracts could be a useful alternative to synthetic chemicals in the postharvest protection and preservation of horticultural crops. This review paper details the application of medicinal plant extracts for postharvest protection and preservation of horticultural crops.
Optimizing the Operation Release Policy Using Charged System Search Algorithm: A Case Study of Klang Gates Dam, Malaysia
Authors: Latif Sarmad Dashti , Marhain Suzlyana , Hossain Md Shabbir , Ahmed Ali Najah , Sherif Mohsen , Sefelnasr Ahmed , El-Shafie Ahmed
Published: May 2021

In planning and managing water resources, the implementation of optimization techniques in the operation of reservoirs has become an important focus. An optimal reservoir operating policy should take into consideration the uncertainty associated with uncontrolled reservoir inflows. The charged system search (CSS) algorithm model is developed in the present study to achieve optimum operating policy for the current reservoir. The aim of the model is to minimize the cost of system performance, which is the sum of square deviations from the distinction between the release of the target and the actual demand. The decision variable is the release of a reservoir with an initial volume of storage, reservoir inflow, and final volume of storage for a given period. Historical rainfall data is used to approximate the inflow volume. The charged system search (CSS) is developed by utilizing a spreadsheet model to simulate and perform optimization. The model gives the steady-state probabilities of reservoir storage as output. The model is applied to the reservoir of Klang Gates for the development of an optimal reservoir operating policy. The steady-state optimal operating system is used in this model.
Bicycling-Related Mortality in Ecuador: A Nationwide Population-Based Analysis from 2004 to 2017
Authors: Cordovez Simone , Ortiz-Prado Esteban , Vasconez Eduardo , Andrade Felipe , Simbaña-Rivera Katherine , Gómez-Barreno Lenin , McIlroy Rich C
Published: May 2021

Urban cycling is gaining popularity worldwide. Inadequate local and international guidelines on street cycling have contributed to a significant increase in road traffic/cycling collisions. Developing countries are the least safe for cyclists. In this sense, this is the first epidemiological study that seeks to determine the impact of street cycling-related mortality in Ecuador over the last 13 years. Methods: A descriptive ecological analysis of the epidemiology of bicycling-related mortality in Ecuador was conducted. All deaths identified as V10 to V19 according to the International Code of Diseases 10th edition (ICD-10) from 2004 to 2017 were retrieved from the National Institute of Statistics and Census in Ecuador (INEC) database. Results: From 2004 to 2017, a total of 300 deaths among street cyclists were officially reported in Ecuador. From this, 91% of the victims were men (n = 273) and 9% were women (n = 27). In relationship to other traffic accidents, bicycle-related deaths accounted for 0.68% of the overall car accident mortality. Bicycle-related deaths are more frequent in urban areas with 85% (n = 257), while rural areas accounted for 15% of the deaths (n = 43). In addition, lower educational attainment (75% did not reach secondary school) seems to be linked with higher mortality rates. Conclusions: In Ecuador, fatalities involving cyclists are an important part of the burden of disease attributed to traffic accidents. These preventable deaths are becoming a growing health problem, especially among those with poorer health determinants, such as lower educational attainment, ethnic minority status, and living in rural areas. The lack of public policy related to the prevention of this type of accident, as well as the irresponsibility of cars and transport vehicle drivers, might be associated with an increasingly high portion of the overall bicycle-related mortality in Ecuador.
Students’ Attitude towards the Sustainable Use of Mobile Technologies in Higher Education
Authors: Mâță Liliana , Clipa Otilia , Cojocariu Venera-Mihaela , Robu Viorel , Dobrescu Tatiana , Hervás-Gómez Carlos , Stoica Ionuț Viorel
Published: May 2021

Our study aims to identify students’ attitudes towards the use of mobile technologies (MT) during learning activities in higher education. Data were collected using the Mobile Technologies Questionnaire/MTQ, a ten-item brief questionnaire that was designed to determine attitudes towards the use of mobile technologies in the learning process among university students and academic staff. The MTQ was completed by 575 students from a state university in the northeastern region of Romania. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed two latent factors: MT facilities for study resources and communication and MT facilities for learning. Along with general analysis of the statistical indicators regarding the attitude towards the use of MT, the relationships between the use of MT and five socio-demographic variables (gender, age, place of residence, year of study, academic status and study program) were analyzed. Comparative data showed some statistically significant differences but with small or modest effect sizes, depending on age, year of study, place of residence, academic status and the study program in which the students were enrolled. This study provides additional support for the construct validity of a brief tool that was designed to measure students’ attitudes towards the use of MT during learning activities carried out in higher education.
Technology, Policy, and Market Adaptation Mechanisms for Sustainable Fresh Produce Industry: The Case of Tomato Production in Florida, USA
Authors: Chanda Saoli , Bhat Mahadev , Shetty Kateel G. , Jayachandran Krishnaswamy
Published: May 2021

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop in Florida, a state located in the south-eastern region of the United States. The state is the second largest producer of tomatoes in the country and contributes to almost 90% of the domestic winter tomato supplies. However, tomato farmers in Florida have come under increasing pressure due to climate changes, foreign imports, and rising production costs. The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether Florida tomato growers will continue to sustain their production given the seasonal and geographic production advantage, yet against various internal and external threats emerging throughout the fresh produce supply chain. We developed our study on a multi-disciplinary conceptual model of network (supply chain) relationship and primary and secondary data gathered from various stakeholders and the literature. We found that Florida farmers have done remarkably well by adapting to warming temperatures and changing consumer expectations about environmental sustainability and responsible labor practices. However, foreign competition, labor shortage, the rising costs of inputs, extreme weather events (hurricanes), and pests and diseases due to humid climate continue to affect the sustainability of the Florida tomato production. Our paper suggests various farm-, market-, and institution-level adaptation mechanisms for preventing the regional production advantage of the Florida tomato industry from eroding. Newer immigration laws are necessary for easing the labor situation. In order to have a level playing field with respect to the use of protected agriculture technology such as in Mexico and Canada, U.S. farmers in general and Florida farmers in particular need government support. Florida farmers need to diversify their fresh produce market strategies, finding new product streams. There is also a need for reforming the product certification landscape, which some growers find cumbersome and cost prohibitive. Growers may gain from being better able to convey to consumers the information regarding their effort put into environmental sustainability, workers welfare, and safe food.
Regional Localization of Mouse Brain Slices Based on Unified Modal Transformation
Authors: Wang Songwei , Wang Yuhang , Niu Ke , Li Qian , Rao Xiaoping , Zhao Hui , Chen Liwei , Shi Li
Published: May 2021

Brain science research often requires accurate localization and quantitative analysis of neuronal activity in different brain regions. The premise of related analysis is to determine the brain region of each site on the brain slice by referring to the Allen Reference Atlas (ARA), namely the regional localization of the brain slice. The image registration methodology can be used to solve the problem of regional localization. However, the conventional multi-modal image registration method is not satisfactory because of the complexity of modality between the brain slice and the ARA. Inspired by the idea that people can automatically ignore noise and establish correspondence based on key regions, we proposed a novel method known as the Joint Enhancement of Multimodal Information (JEMI) network, which is based on a symmetric encoder–decoder. In this way, the brain slice and the ARA are converted into a segmentation map with unified modality, which greatly reduces the difficulty of registration. Furthermore, combined with the diffeomorphic registration algorithm, the existing topological structure was preserved. The results indicate that, compared with the existing methods, the method proposed in this study can effectively overcome the influence of non-unified modal images and achieve accurate and rapid localization of the brain slice.
Ten Years of Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) in Hawaiian Honey Bees (Apis mellifera), the Dominant DWV-A Variant Is Potentially Being Replaced by Variants with a DWV-B Coding Sequence
Authors: Grindrod Isobel , Kevill Jessica L. , Villalobos Ethel M. , Schroeder Declan C. , Martin Stephen John
Published: May 2021

The combination of Deformed wing virus (DWV) and Varroa destructor is arguably one of the greatest threats currently facing western honey bees, Apis mellifera. Varroa’s association with DWV has decreased viral diversity and increased loads of DWV within honey bee populations. Nowhere has this been better studied than in Hawaii, where the arrival of Varroa progressively led to the dominance of the single master variant (DWV-A) on both mite-infested Hawaiian Islands of Oahu and Big Island. Now, exactly 10 years following the original study, we find that the DWV population has changed once again, with variants containing the RdRp coding sequence pertaining to the master variant B beginning to co-dominate alongside variants with the DWV-A RdRp sequence on the mite-infested islands of Oahu and Big Island. In speculation, based on other studies, it appears this could represent a stage in the journey towards the complete dominance of DWV-B, a variant that appears better adapted to be transmitted within honey bee colonies.
Selecting and Using the Appropriate Influenza Vaccine for Each Individual
Authors: Sekiya Toshiki , Ohno Marumi , Nomura Naoki , Handabile Chimuka , Shingai Masashi , Jackson David C. , Brown Lorena E. , Kida Hiroshi
Published: May 2021

Despite seasonal influenza vaccines having been routinely used for many decades, influenza A virus continues to pose a global threat to humans, causing high morbidity and mortality each year. The effectiveness of the vaccine is largely dependent on how well matched the vaccine strains are with the circulating influenza virus strains. Furthermore, low vaccine efficacy in naïve populations such as young children, or in the elderly, who possess weakened immune systems, indicates that influenza vaccines need to be more personalized to provide broader community protection. Advances in both vaccine technologies and our understanding of influenza virus infection and immunity have led to the design of a variety of alternate vaccine strategies to extend population protection against influenza, some of which are now in use. In this review, we summarize the progress in the field of influenza vaccines, including the advantages and disadvantages of different strategies, and discuss future prospects. We also highlight some of the challenges to be faced in the ongoing effort to control influenza through vaccination.
Using the Five-Microskills Method in Veterinary Medicine Clinical Teaching
Authors: Carr Amanda Nichole (Mandi) , Kirkwood Roy Neville , Petrovski Kiro Risto
Published: May 2021

Effective clinical teaching is essential for the development of veterinary learners. Teaching clinical reasoning is a challenge for veterinary instructors as many lack adequate training in clinical teaching. In this paper, we propose the use of the five-microskills (FMS; also known as the one-minute preceptor) model of clinical teaching as a tool that can be used not only in teaching during clinical encounters but also during traditional teaching sessions (e.g., practicals). The FMS model assists the instructor in estimating the level of knowledge and development of the learner and allows for providing feedback. The FMS model is applicable in the busy clinical or teaching schedule of the instructor and requires training only of the instructor, not the learner. We provide two examples of the use of the FMS model, one of a clinical encounter and the other a biochemistry practical. From the examples, readers should be able to extract the basis of the model and start using it in their day-to-day practice. For proper use of the model, 1–4 h of training is usually recommended.
Emerging Contaminants in Water: Detection, Treatment, and Regulation
Authors: Pontius Frederick Wendell
Published: May 2021

Contaminants of emerging concern in water are an ongoing challenge globally [...]
How to Select the Number of Active Pumps during the Operation of a Pumping Station: The Convex Hyperbola Charts
Authors: Martin-Candilejo Araceli , Martin-Carrasco Francisco Javier , Santillán David
Published: May 2021

This research aims to identify the number of pumps that should be working at any moment during the operation of a pumping station in order to provide the desired volume of water whilst consuming the least amount of energy. This is typically done by complex iterative algorithms that require much computational effort. The pumping station should pump the desired volume of water V* using the least specific energy e* (energy per volume). In the methodology of this article, the shape of the curves e*–V* was analyzed. The result is that such curves present a convex hyperbola shape. This is a straightforward analytic solution that does not require any iterations. The representation of the Convex Hyperbolas Charts will indicate the best pump combination during the operation of a pumping station. Therefore, this is a straightforward resource for practitioners: the curves immediately tell engineers the number of pumps that should be turned on, depending on the desired volume of water to pump. The elaboration of such charts only requires the use of any calculation sheet, only once, and it is a permanent resource that can be used at any time during the operation. In addition, the Convex Hyperbolas Charts are completely compatible and complementary with any other operation control technique.
Possible Effect of Human-Experimenter on Homeopathic-Like Aqueous Preparations
Authors: Korenbaum Vladimir , Chernysheva Tatiana , Galay Victorya , Galay Roman , Ustinov Alexandr , Zakharkov Sergei , Bunkin Nikolai
Published: May 2021

Homeopathy is one of the applications in structured water influencing human health. The objective is to search for the physical basis of homeopathy. This methodology includes a study of absorption in the far IR spectral range, absorption and refraction in THz diapason, dynamic light scattering in the UV–near IR spectral range for the blinded samples of homeopathic-like preparations (HLP) of several parent substances and hidden/apparent controls, and statistical analysis on the significance of distinctions in spectral data between ensembles of HLP of each parent substance and ensembles of hidden/apparent controls. The analysis of nine independent blind studies of aqueous HLP of several parent substances gave statistically significant spectral differences in some preparations with an apparent control (25 comparisons of 35) and a hidden control (11 comparisons of 40). The revealed dominance in the occurrence frequency of differences in any HLP with an apparent control can be treated as involving most of these changes to the samples by the spectral measuring process. This allows interpreting the main mechanism of manifestation of the spectral changes found as the “observer effect”. The therapeutic effect of HLP may be assumed as a combination of the “observer effect” from the physician side and a “placebo effect” from the patient side.
Desenvolvimento de diagramas de Goodman para os compósitos aeronáuticos AS4-PW E T700-PW utilizando uma RNA modular
Authors: Diniz Bruno da Cunha , Santana Luigi Vinícius Azevedo Bispo de , Lima Ana Cristina de Jesus
Published: May 2021

Materiais Compósitos, quando submetidos a carregamentos cíclicos, tendem a sofrer falha por fadiga. Dessa forma, a correta caracterização de seu comportamento frente a esse tipo de falha torna-se primordial para qualquer projeto mecânico. Todavia, ensaios de fadiga para compósitos são financeiramente inacessíveis, em grande parte dos casos. Haja vista essa limitação, o presente trabalho, em continuação a trabalhos anteriores, busca desenvolver Diagramas de Goodman para descrever o comportamento à fadiga de outros materiais compósitos (ainda não averiguados) através da aplicação de uma Rede Neural Artificial, utilizando uma quantidade mínima de dados experimentais. Os materiais estudados possuem importância para a Indústria Aeronáutica, sendo eles: AS4-PW e T700-PW. Fez-se uso de uma Rede Neural Artificial Modular, que foi treinada com dados experimentais de três curvas S-N e, posteriormente, validada através de dados experimentais ausentes em seu treino. Por fim, com os pesos sinápticos obtidos, concluiu-se que a rede apresenta boa robustez e boa capacidade de generalização a partir da avaliação das curvas do Diagrama de Goodman em comparação aos valores experimentais.
Dinamika Kebijakan Pemerintah Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar dalam penanganan Covid-19 Di Kota Tarakan
Authors: Aulia Nurul Rahmi , Mustari Nuryanti , Hartaman Nursaleh
Published: May 2021

Upaya pemerintah Kota Wilayah Tarakan dalam kewaspadaan terhadap virus covid-19 ini mengeluarkan peraturan walikota yang sebelumnya telah disetujui oleh Kementrian Kesehatan yang tertuang dalam UU NO.17 tahun 2020 tentang Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB). Adanya pro dan kontra dimasyarakat terkait pelaksanaan PSBB ini menimbulkan berbagai dinamika. Penulis menemukan permasalahan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu bagaimana dinamika kebijakan yang dihadapi pemerintah kota Tarakan pada penerapan (PSBB) penanganan covid-19 untuk menekan angka penularan covid-19 di Kota Tarakan. Pemerintah Kota Tarakan telah melakukan Evaluasi dan pemantauan terhadap efektifitas pelaksanaan PSBB. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian secara daring, dan dengan menggunakan data sekunder sebagai analisis utama penelitian. Hasil Penelitian menujukkan bahwa Selama Pelaksanaan PSBB Pemerintah Kota Tarakan telah melakukan evaluasi di masyarakat dan ditemukan beberapa aturan yang dikeluarkan belum berjalan dengan tertib salah satunya yang paling banyak ditemukan pelanggaran pada akses laut (baik itu masyarakat, ASN, bahkan anggota dewan). Penerapan 3M juga belum berjalan dengan efektif karena masih banyaknya masyarakat yang kurang kesadaran untuk menggunakan masker pada saat diluar rumah. Berbagai dinamika yang terjadi, Pemkot Tarakan sebisa mungkin mencari solusi yang tanggap terhadap permasalahan seperti yang terjadi pada pengiriman swab dari Kabupaten Nunukan ke Surabaya yang harus melalui Kota Tarakan.
Kebijakan Perencanaan Pembangunan: Sebuah Kajian Pustaka Terstruktur (Systematic Literatur Review)
Authors: Hamas Fikry Asyaif , Salahudin Salahudin
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk melihat sebuah proses kebijakan dalam perencanaan pembangunan di terapkan. Didasari oleh sebuah kebijakan pemerintah yang memiliki peran penting dalam sebuah pemberian kebijakan dalam rangkaian konsep dan asas yang menjadi pedoman dan dasar rencana dalam pelaksanaan suatu pekerjaan. Kebijakan dipahami sebagai arah atau pola kegiatan dan bukan sekedar suatu keputusan untuk melakukan perencanaan pembangunan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literatur dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur dengan mengkaji dari beberapa artikel jurnal internasional yang diakses dari Scopus, dengan kata lain penelitian ini menggunakan bahan-bahan pustaka tanpa melakukan riset lapang. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa keberlangsungan dari sebuah pembangunan tentu didasari oleh sebuah kebijakan dan perencanaan. Dimana kedua aspek tersebut harus dirumuskan secara terstruktur dan sesuai dengan tujuan. Kebijakan perencanaan pembangunan tentu memerlukan sebuah proses yang harus didasri dari kebutuhan suatu daerah atau negara. Kebijakan perencanaan tersebut perlu dilakukan dengan melihat beberapa aspek penting seperti penggunaan lahan, urbanisasi, dukungan negara dan masyarakat, zona pembangunan, mitigasi perubahan iklim dan kerjasama. Tentu dalam hal ini kebijakan regulasi perlu dilakukan melalui berbagai pendekatan yang logis. Dalam proses tersebut pemerintah perlu melibatkan stakeholder dan masyarakat dengan mengkaji apa saja hal yang dibutuhkan dalam proses perencanaan pembangunan sehingga melahirkan kebijakan atau regulasi yang baik dan saling menguntungkan. Temuan menunjukkan pentingnya kerjasama dan partisipasi luas dari berbagai pemangku kepentingan, pengelolaan budaya yang baik. Keterbatasan tulisan ini adalah kurangnya data yang dikaji secara nasional dikarenakan tulisan ini dikaji dari artikel yang berbasis internasional, namun disis lain tulisan ini dapat dikatakan sesuai dengan dasar dari kebijakan perencanaan pembangunan. Dengan begitu, karya tulis berikutnya perlu dilakukan dengan membandingkan terhadap penerapan kebijakan perencanaan pembangunan yang lebih terkonsep.
Erzurum İli Doğa Olayları Profili ve Deprem Tehlikesi
Authors: ANADOLU KILIÇ Nazlı Ceyla
Published: May 2021

Dünyanın oluşumundan günümüze kadar geçen süre içerisinde her coğrafi bölge kendi iç dinamiklerine yani jeofiziksel, meteorolojik, hidrolojik ve iklimsel özelliklerine bağlı olarak birçok doğa olayına ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Ancak her doğa olayı afet potansiyeli taşımamakla birlikte küresel bir sorun haline gelen iklim değişikliğinin yanı sıra bilinçsiz kentleşme, plansız sanayileşme, kontrol edilemeyen nüfus artışı ve göç gibi insani faktörlere bağlı olarak sıklıkla afete dönüşebilmektedir. Özellikle son yıllarda doğa olaylarının afete dönüşme oranının artmasıyla yaşanan maddi kayıpların ve manevi zararların ülke ekonomileri üzerinde yarattığı olumsuz etki düşünüldüğünde her bir coğrafi bölge için afet potansiyelinin belirlenmesi gerekliliği önem kazanmaktadır. Bunun için her coğrafi bölgenin doğa olayı-doğal afet potansiyeli kendi özellikleri dâhilinde incelenmeli ve afet tanımlamaları, modellemeleri ve senaryoları o bölgeye özel olarak oluşturulmalıdır. Bu çalışmada ulusal-uluslararası veri tabanları ve ulusal basın incelenerek Erzurum ili için 1900-2019 yılları arasında meydana gelen belirli doğa olaylarını kapsayan güncel bir veri envanteri oluşturulmuştur. Doğa olaylarının oluşum nedenleri, birbirleri ile ilişkileri ve sonuçları tespit edilmiş; bu doğa olaylarının afet potansiyeli taşıyıp taşımadıkları belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, çalışma alanı için çığ, deprem ve sel olaylarının afet potansiyeli taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma alanının aktif tektonik yapısı ve deprem ile diğer doğa olayları arasındaki ilişki nedeniyle deprem tehlike analizi ile yakın gelecek için deprem tehlike oranı ve tekrarlanma periyodları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre 1 yılda Mw=5.0 büyüklüğündeki bir depremin olma ihtimali Gumbel Modeline göre %26 olarak belirlenirken, Poisson Modeline göre %30’dur.
Drone Sembrador
Authors: Tenorio-Cruz Fermín , Juárez-Cortés Erik , Pérez-Villegas / Manuel , Téllez-Hernández Ruben
Published: May 2021

Using technology in agriculture should help increase production and reduce the risks suffered by the farmer when carrying out the different processes such as the planting of many crops that is done manually by dispersing the seed by hand. When carrying out the process of sowing a crop by dispersing its seed by hand, the farmer wastes time, can suffer injuries and even fractures when traveling the field to be sown and also, the farmer being exposed to solar radiation for a long time , you are at risk for skin cancer. Our project seeks to solve the three points mentioned above and contribute through the use of an unmanned aerial device and the mathematical modeling of the trajectories to be followed by the device, to carry out the adequate distribution of the seed on the surface to be sown and thus the farmer increase his production and reduce the factors that generate losses. Tests carried out indicate that our drone is fully functional and meets the objectives set out in the project, helping to provide great help in the development of the farmer's activity in sowing by seed dispersal of any crop.
Identifikasi Karakteristik Pengecilan Ukuran dengan Metode Sonikasi dari Formula Insektisida yang Ditambahkan Surfaktan Berbasis Sawit
Authors: Yunira Eka Nur'azmi , Suryani Ani , Dadang Dadang , Tursiloadi Silvester
Published: May 2021

Size reduction of pesticide formulation can improve its performance to pest and disease control in plant.  Size reduction methods were high speed agitation, ultrasonic emulsification, high pressure homogenization, microfluidic and membrane emulsification. Homogenizer and sonication methods were most widely used because its high effectivity in size reduction. The purpose of this research was to identify the effect of size reduction on physico chemical properties of the insecticide formulation by adding palm oil surfactant. The method of this research was to make an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation using 15% active ingredient of emamectin benzoate, xylene, cationic surfactant of 1%, nonionic surfactants of 6% with DEA and APG surfactant ratio of 2:3. This formulation was mixed using Homogenizer at a speed of 4000 rpm and sonication with frequencies of 42 kHz at various times of 15, 30 and 45 minutes. The best result of this research was using sonication method for 45 minutes. The best physico-chemical properties were emulsion stability after 2 hours, cream formation after 24 hours emulsion, particle size of 0.70 μm with homogenous dispersion, surface tension of 25.54 dyne/cm, contact angle at 0 minutes of 25.05⁰ and contact angle after 15 minutes of 0⁰.
Evaluasi Pemanfaatan Ruang Kabupaten Lampung Selatan Tahun 2012-2017
Authors: Ansar Zulqadri
Published: May 2021

Land use in South Lampung Regency continues to experience development, which is influenced by rapid population growth within five years after the planning year began in 2010. Various types of land-use changes that have occurred in South Lampung Regency indicate in the spatial changes of South Lampung Regency, which has been planned especially in the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) of South Lampung Regency for 2011-2031, one of which is the plantation area (belonging to PTPN VII) to become land for ITERA. There are preventive measures that can be made so that the spatial plan can still be following its development objectives. It is necessary to research by evaluating South Lampung Regency's spatial use based on its spatial plan, especially by RTRW. Based on the analysis, there is a deviation of land use in South Lampung Regency with 48.46%, which is divided into spatial structure plans and spatial pattern plans.
Perencanaan Geometri Jalan Rel Trase Bakauheni – Sidomulyo
Authors: Sari Wanda Nurwanda , Nadi Muhammad Abi Berkah , Ridho Akhmad Musalim
Published: May 2021

Pelabuhan Bakauheni merupakan salah satu pelabuhan di Indonesia yang berlokasi di kecamatan Bakauheni, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. Penggunaan transportasi berbasis jalan rel dirasakan sangat efektif dan efisien dalam melayani tingginya tuntutan kebutuhan pergerakan dikarenakan transportasi berbasis jalan rel memiliki kapasitas dan kecepatan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan transportasi berbasis jalan raya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mendesain geometri jalan rel Bakauheni-Sidomulyo dan mendesain drainase jalan rel. Geometri jalan rel didesain berdasarkan pada beban lintas yang merupakan turunan dari jumlah demand angkutan eksiting dan tipe kereta yang melintasinya dengan mempertimbangkan faktor keamanan, kenyamanan, ekonomi dan lingkungan. Pada perancangan jalan rel ini menggunakan jalan rel dengan kelas jalan I dengan double track dan lebar sepur 1435mm sepanjang 39,173 km. Jalan rel ini direncanakan dengan 7 lengkung horisontal (dengan jari-jari 1400m) yang menggunakan tipe lengkung Spiral Circle Spiral (SCS) dan 6 lengkung vertikal (dengan jari-jari minimum 15736,5 m). Struktur jalan rel ini terdiri dari rel R60, penambat elastic ganda, bantalan beton, tebal balas 30 cm dan sub balas 30 cm. Drainase samping di buat seragam dengan bentuk segi empat dengan dimensi lebar x tinggi yaitu 50 x 30 cm, tinggi jagaan 38,7 cm. Penampang gorong-gorong yang digunakan berbentuk lingkaran dengan diameter seragam sebesar 0,60m.
Handwashing Health Education to Prevent Covid-19 Transmission in SMP Inspirasi
Authors: Setiawan Henri , Khairunnisa Reffi Nantia , Oktavia Windi
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS Cov-2 virus which can be transmitted through air or droplets. The palm of the hand is one of the members of the body that is most occupied by viruses, bacteria and microorganisms. To avoid the spread of the COVID-19 virus, you can wash your hands in 6 steps. This community service activity in the form of health education aims to improve the behavior of a clean and healthy life by washing hands in 6 steps. The service was carried out at Inspirasi SMP with a total of 76 participants. The material was delivered by lecturing using PowerPoint media plus discussion and question and answer sessions as well as the practice of washing hands in 6 steps. All participants can wash their hands properly according to the instructions and tutorials from the service team. As many as 65% of participants stated that this community service activity was very good and provided great benefits for preventing the transmission of COVID-19 at Inspiration Junior High School. The conclusion of this service activity was carried out smoothly and successfully. Efforts to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 need to be improved with continuous health education for various groups of society. So that nurses and other health workers can optimize preventive efforts as a counselor, negotiator, and educator