bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19, local food system and digitalisation of the agri-food sector
Authors: Musa Siti Fatimahwati Pehin Dato , Haji Besar Mohd Hairul Azrin , Anshari Muhammad
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to evaluate the responses taken during the pandemic of COVID-19 in sustaining agricultural activities and safeguarding local food supply via digital platforms by applying the case study method.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses a case study approach due to its systematic way of collecting data, analysing information and reporting results to understand the particular problem. For this study, secondary data consisting of government reports and documents are used to give a broader understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on the local food system and digital platform for agricultural produce.

Findings

The impact of COVID-19 on the agri-food sector is the move towards a more resilient and sustainable local food system, whereby nations emphasise food security by encouraging local food production. This is done by boosting micro, small and medium enterprises’ (MSME) output, “supporting local” initiatives and leveraging digital platforms and FinTech in business transactions.

Research limitations/implications

This study highlights that MSMEs’ adoption of digital platforms, particularly in the agri-food sector, demonstrates their willingness to embrace new business models that leverage technological advancements while maintaining the personal touch that attracts customers.

Practical implications

This study implies that although the pandemic outbreak created prolonged uncertainties with an immediate impact on the economy and ways of doing business transactions, digital platforms and FinTech ensured continuous food supply during the period.

Originality/value

This paper provides initial valuable insight to academics, practitioners and policymakers in agriculture and innovation management. It can be observed that digital platform and FinTech plays an essential role in ensuring safety and undisrupted food supply, especially in the case of fresh produce grown by local small-scale farmers and MSMEs. This creates a more resilient agri-food system and reduces the pressure from the conventional model of food purchase and social distancing requirements.
Does humble leadership mitigate employees’ knowledge-hiding behaviour? The mediating role of employees’ self-efficacy and trust in their leader
Authors: Al Hawamdeh Nayel
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The concept of knowledge-hiding starkly contradicts the notions with which it is closely associated, such as knowledge-hoarding and knowledge-sharing. The understanding of the effect of humble leadership on follower knowledge-hiding behaviour is particularly limited, as it is significantly underdeveloped owing to its distinct nature. Ergo, this paper aims to explore the role of humble leadership and its ability to mitigate employee knowledge-hiding behaviour. Moreover, this study aims to investigate the mediating effect of employee self-efficacy and the trust that they have in their leader, based on the relationship between humble leadership behaviour and knowledge-hiding in Jordanian health-care organisations.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a quantitative method, and 260 employees of Jordan’s health-care organisations completed an online self-report questionnaire. Further to this, structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesised correlations.

Findings

According to the findings of this study, the leaders who exhibited humble behaviour mitigated their employees’ tendencies to engage in the two dimensions of knowledge-hiding (evasive hiding and playing dumb); however, they increased the tendency to practice rationalised hiding. Furthermore, the self-efficacy of employees and trust in their leader mediated the relationship between humble leadership and employees’ knowledge-hiding behaviour.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by proposing and empirically demonstrating the impact of humble leadership across all three dimensions of knowledge-hiding behaviour, which in turn facilitates new discoveries in a developing country setting. This research expands and sheds light on the theory of humble leadership by proposing a motivational aspect in the negative relation between humble leadership and employees’ knowledge-hiding behaviour: employees’ self-efficacy and trust in their leader.
The effects of influencer endorsement services on crowdfunding campaigns
Authors: Bargoni Augusto , Giachino Chiara , Battisti Enrico , Iaia Lea
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate how influencer endorsement services stimulate funding intention in the context of crowdfunding (donation- and reward-based) and the moderating role played by platform trufvst and funder expertise.

Design/methodology/approach

To explore the effects of influencer endorsement services (i.e. perceived congruence, social influence and motivation) on funding intention in different crowdfunding campaigns, the authors developed a conceptual model tested using structural equation modelling. The authors also investigated two potential moderators underlying this relationship: platform trust and funder expertise.

Findings

The results of the study indicate that there was a positive effect of influencer endorsement services through the dimension congruence and the funding intention, both for reward- and donation-based crowdfunding. Moreover, they suggest that while perceived congruence has a positive effect on funding intention, when the two contexts are compared, only the moderating roles of platform trust over motivation and the funder expertise over motivation are significant and relevant.

Practical implications

The study has implications for both funders and those who seek to raise money for crowdfunding campaigns. The results offer new insights for developing effective crowdfunding campaigns, e.g. leveraging communication strategies based on the context of the crowdfunding (reward- vs donation-based) and the use of influencers as endorsers.

Originality/value

The present study is, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the first to examine the impact of influencer endorsement services on crowdfunding campaigns, shedding new light on the interdisciplinary connections between service marketing and entrepreneurial finance in terms of fundraising activities. The study opens new and previously under-investigated interdisciplinary research streams. It deepens our understanding of a particular issue relating to the marketing and crowdfunding domain by measuring the impact of the influencer’s endorsement on people’s intention to participate in two different campaigns.
Characteristics analysis and evaluation of discourse leading for academic journals: perspectives from multiple integration of altmetrics indicators and evaluation methods
Authors: Wang Xu
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Under the background of open science, this paper integrates altmetrics data and combines multiple evaluation methods to analyze and evaluate the indicators' characteristics of discourse leading for academic journals, which is of great significance to enrich and improve the evaluation theory and indicator system of academic journals.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper obtained 795,631 citations and 10.3 million altmetrics indicators data for 126,424 published papers from 151 medicine, general and internal academic journals. In this paper, descriptive statistical analysis and distribution rules of evaluation indicators are first carried out at the macro level. The distribution characteristics of evaluation indicators under different international collaboration conditions are analyzed at the micro level. Second, according to the characteristics and connotation of the evaluation indicators, the evaluation indicator system is constructed. Third, correlation analysis, factor analysis, entropy weight method and TOPSIS method are adopted to evaluate and analyze the discourse leading in medicine, general and internal academic journals by integrating altmetrics. At the same time, this paper verifies the reliability of the evaluation results.

Findings

Six features of discourse leading integrated with altmetrics indicators are obtained. In the era of open science, online academic exchanges are becoming more and more popular. The evaluation activities based on altmetrics have fine-grained and procedural advantages. It is feasible and necessary to integrate altmetrics indicators and combine the advantages of multiple methods to evaluate the academic journals' discourse leading of which are in a diversified academic ecosystem.

Originality/value

This paper uses descriptive statistical analysis to analyze the distribution characteristics and distribution rules of discourse leading indicators of academic journals and to explore the availability of altmetrics indicators and the effectiveness of constructing an evaluation system. Then, combining the advantages of multiple evaluation methods, The author integrates altmetrics indicators to comprehensively evaluate the discourse leading of academic journals and verify the reliability of the evaluation results. This paper aims to provide references for enriching and improving the evaluation theory and indicator system of academic journals.
A tale of two Peters: an analysis of the life of Peter Green using collaborative/community autoethnography and digital team ethnography
Authors: Hopkinson Patrick , Bryngelsson Peter , Voyce Andrew , Niklasson Mats , Carson Jerome
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to mirror the late guitarist Peter Green’s life experiences through insights from Andrew Voyce, who recovered from mental illness, and expertise from Peter Bryngelsson, a Swedish professional musician and author.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used a mixed method of collaborative autoethnography, psychobiography and digital team ethnography.

Findings

Despite having not previously attracted academic interest, Peter Green’s experiences of mental health problems and his return to recording and performance provide a rich data source when mirrored and compared to the lives and experiences of Andrew Voyce and Peter Bryngelsson.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation of this piece of work is that Peter Green died in 2020. During the process of writing, the authors have had to follow different, mostly unacademic, sources that have described various parts of Peter Green’s life. The authors have given examples and drawn conclusions from their own lives as well as from academic sources, which they have found appropriate.

Practical implications

Both Andrew Voyce and Peter Bryngelsson’s stories would be helpful when it comes to a deeper understanding as to why Peter Green “took a left turn”, i.e., turned his back on an accepted lifestyle.

Social implications

Acid casualty is a problem connected to both mental distress and to the music industry. Peter Bryngelsson’s story tells us that one can remain sane and drug free and still be an influential and creative musician.

Originality/value

The analysis has brought together two stories of mental distress in combination with insights.
Antimicrobial dyeing of cotton from Euclea racemosa root
Authors: Erana Lami Amanuel
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to develop an environmentally friendly antimicrobial dyeing of cotton fabric from the root of Euclea racemosa. Textile phytochemical finishing is in high demand worldwide because of its low toxicity, low pollution, ease of availability, renewability, pharmacological effects and non-carcinogenic properties, as well as its multifunctionality, rapid process stages and potential health benefit.

Design/methodology/approach

The cotton fabric was dyed with aqueous extracts of Euclea racemosa root dyes. Dyes were extracted for 20 min at pH 7.43 at room and boiling temperatures with material-to-liquor ratios (MLRs) of 1:5, 1:10, 1:15 and 1:20, altering one variable at a time, and the cotton fabric was colored using a post-mordanting procedure at 50°C with an MLR of 1:20. Using a properly cleaned Petri plate, the colored samples were tested in vitro for antibacterial activity. A spectrophotometer was used to assess color strength and shade depth, as well as wash fastness and annual rubbing fastness tests for both wet and dry.

Findings

L* = 36.29, a* = 58.56, b* = 32.46 and K/S = 0.51 were the CIELAB values for dye extracted at boiling temperature. L* = 47.14, a* = 42.23, b* = 49.61 and K/S = 0.38 were the CIELAB values for dye extracted at room temperature. The wash and rubbing fastness of the dyed samples were outstanding and the dyed cotton fabrics were found antibacterial against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli.

Originality/value

Dyes derived from the E. racemosa root could be used to develop a new antibacterial cotton fabric dye.
Deblending of seismic data in the wavelet domain via a convolutional neural network based on data augmentation
Authors: Wang Shaowen , Song Peng , Tan Jun , Xia Dongming , Du Guoning , Wang Qianqian
Published: October 2022

Blended acquisition, which allows multiple sources almost simultaneously fired, has become an effective way for accelerating seismic data acquisition. In order to use conventional processing methods for imaging, deblending is necessary for this special acquisition. Convolutional neural network‐based deblending methods provide a novel end‐to‐end framework for source separation. We proposed a field‐data‐based augmentation method that uses shuffled deblending noise as the features to be learned and take the inaccurate labels as the output of the network. Synthetic data experiments show that a network trained on data set with the proposed data augmentation method has higher accuracy for deblending even if the labelled data are noisy. Besides, 2D discrete wavelet transform, which has the advantage of multiscale decomposition and dimensionality reduction, is introduced to accelerate the computation of the network. The data augmentation method for data set generation and the computational speedup method for network training/predicting are also applied to field data. The results from synthetic and field data all confirm the performance of our methods.
Adaptations to high pressure of Nautilia sp. strain PV‐1, a piezophilic Campylobacterium (aka Epsilonproteobacterium) isolated from a deep‐sea hydrothermal vent
Authors: Smedile Francesco , Foustoukos Dionysis I. , Patwardhan Sushmita , Mullane Kelli , Schlegel Ian , Adams Michael W. , Schut Gerrit J. , Giovannelli Donato , Vetriani Costantino
Published: October 2022

Physiological and gene expression studies of deep‐sea bacteria under pressure conditions similar to those experienced in their natural habitat are critical for understanding growth kinetics and metabolic adaptations to in situ conditions. The Campylobacterium (aka Epsilonproteobacterium) Nautilia sp. strain PV‐1 was isolated from hydrothermal fluids released from an active deep‐sea hydrothermal vent at 9° N on the East Pacific Rise. Strain PV‐1 is a piezophilic, moderately thermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic anaerobe that conserves energy by coupling the oxidation of hydrogen to the reduction of nitrate or elemental sulfur. Using a high‐pressure–high temperature continuous culture system, we established that strain PV‐1 has the shortest generation time of all known piezophilic bacteria and we investigated its protein expression pattern in response to different hydrostatic pressure regimes. Proteogenomic analyses of strain PV‐1 grown at 20 and 5 MPa showed that pressure adaptation is not restricted to stress response or homeoviscous adaptation but extends to enzymes involved in central metabolic pathways. Protein synthesis, motility, transport, and energy metabolism are all affected by pressure, although to different extents. In strain PV‐1, low‐pressure conditions induce the synthesis of phage‐related proteins and an overexpression of enzymes involved in carbon fixation.
Current challenges for doctors in India: Deprofessionalisation, reprofessionalisation or fragmentation?
Authors: Jeffery Roger
Published: October 2022

Western‐trained doctors in India struggled to establish themselves as a medical ‘profession’ in the 1920s and 1930s and these struggles continued into the post‐colonial period. The direction of travel is, however, no longer clear. Increasing evidence of a crisis in doctors’ collective ability to provide a form of self‐regulation since 2000 is highlighted. India’s Supreme Court suspended the operations of their country’s medical councils in the face of a proliferation of poorly regulated private medical colleges. Practitioners of alternative systems of medicine and unqualified medical practice continue, while new ‘short‐course’ doctors take over tasks previously restricted to fully fledged MBBS doctors. The diversification of the social origins of medical students, with rising numbers of doctors from a wider range of social backgrounds, threatens their aspirations to high status. There is little diminution of the earnings of elite doctors, yet their conditions of work are increasingly constrained by financial targets. Young doctors face uncertain futures. This article analyses the increasingly diverse occupational positions of doctors in India using a Bourdieusian lens and asks whether an alternative, stable form of institutional arrangements is emerging, as some have claimed, or if fragmentation is a more apt description.
‘The Whole Thing was Numbingly Bland and it was Deliberately So’: Food and Power in Ireland's Magdalene Laundries, 1922–1996
Authors: Williams Alice Mulhearn
Published: October 2022

For survivors of Ireland's Magdalene Laundries, food is a sensory embodiment of the punishment and powerlessness they experienced while contained within the institutions. As part of the Irish Free State's architecture of containment, the relationship between the Laundries and the state is unique: the Catholic‐run institutions operated outside of state bureaucracy, yet they were central to its attempts to consolidate sovereignty as a fledgling nation. For historians, the sensing body is one of the few avenues to understanding the Magdalene institutions and their place in twentieth‐century Irish history. This article uses memories of food as a point of access to the subjectivities of survivors, and in doing so reveals the affective imprint of institutional power on embodied experience.
URBAN CELEBRATION IN A BRAZILIAN FAVELA: From an Art Festival to a Youth Movement
Authors: Moya‐Latorre Antonio
Published: October 2022

The fate of the Jardim Colombo favela in São Paulo changed with the birth of a youth‐led urban movement during the first art festival held in 2018. Planned and delivered in one month, the festival gathered dozens of volunteers and hundreds of residents to dream together about transforming a dumping site into a park for the community. The excitement of this initial action soon materialized into a self‐aware social infrastructure ready to face future and unexpected challenges—including a pandemic, to which the young leaders in Jardim Colombo would respond with creativity, preventing devastating health outcomes. Drawing on three months of fieldwork and an ongoing relationship with the community leaders, I explore how this one‐off celebration turned into an urban movement that is pursuing increasingly ambitious social and material goals. Sustained by four pillars—youth, women, creativity and planning—I present this story as a deployment of celebratory insurgency strategically engaging in festive practices to subtly push its counter‐hegemonic political agenda in relation to cultural and identity matters. I argue that framing this creative approach as a planned urban celebration may inspire other planning initiatives seeking social justice in the peripheries of cities across the global South.
Effects of an electronic health record‐based mobility assessment and automated referral for inpatient physical therapy on patient outcomes: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Chou Aileen , Johnson Joshua K. , Jones Daniel B. , Euloth Tracey , Matcho Beth A. , Bilderback Andrew , Freburger Janet K.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of a hospital physical therapy (PT) referral triggered by scores on a mobility assessment embedded in the electronic health record (EHR) and completed by nursing staff on hospital admission.

Data Sources

EHR and billing data from 12 acute care hospitals in a western Pennsylvania health system (January 2017–February 2018) and 11 acute care hospitals in a northeastern Ohio health system (August 2019–July 2021).

Study Design

We utilized a regression discontinuity design to compare patients admitted to PA hospitals with stroke who reached the mobility score threshold for an EHR‐PT referral (treatment) to those who did not (control). Outcomes were hospital length of stay (LOS) and 30‐day readmission or mortality. Control variables included demographics, insurance, income, and comorbidities. Hospital systems with EHR‐PT referrals were also compared to those without (OH hospitals as alternative control). Subgroup analyses based on age were also conducted.

Data Extraction

We identified adult patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis of stroke and mobility assessments completed by nursing (n = 4859 in PA hospitals, n = 1749 in OH hospitals) who completed their inpatient stay.

Principal Findings

In the PA hospitals, patients with EHR‐PT referrals had an 11.4 percentage‐point decrease in their 30‐day readmission or mortality rates (95% CI −0.57, −0.01) relative to the control. This effect was not observed in the OH hospitals for 30‐day readmission (β = 0.01; 95% CI −0.25, 0.26). Adults over 60 years old with EHR‐PT referrals in PA had a 26.2 percentage‐point (95% CI −0.88, −0.19) decreased risk of readmission or mortality compared to those without. Unclear relationships exist between EHR‐PT referrals and hospital LOS in PA.

Conclusions

Health systems should consider methodologies to facilitate early acute care hospital PT referrals informed by mobility assessments.
Association between hospital‐physician vertical integration and medication adherence rates
Authors: Levin Jonathan S. , Komanduri Swad , Whaley Christopher
Published: October 2022

Objective

To test the association between vertical integration of primary care providers (PCPs) and adherence rates for anti‐diabetics, renin angiotensin system antagonists (RASA), and statins.

Data Sources

Medicare Part B outpatient fee‐for‐service claims and Medicare Part D event data from 2014 to 2017.

Study Design

We estimated difference‐in‐differences regressions, comparing changes in adherence among patients with PCPs who converted from independent to integrated to changes among patients whose PCPs remained independent or integrated during the study period. To test for heterogenous impacts by patient demographics, we estimated triple difference regressions that included additional interaction terms by comorbidity rates, age group, and race/ethnicity.

Extraction Methods

We extracted Medicare claims for adults with continuous enrollment in Parts B and D during the study period.

Principal Findings

The proportion of patients who had a vertically integrated PCP increased by approximately 23% over the study period. Changes in adherence did not differ significantly between patients based on whether their PCP became integrated (Statins: 0.18, 95% CI −0.13, 0.49; RASA: −0.13, 95% CI −0.46, 0.19; Anti‐Diabetics: −0.20, 95% CI −0.78, 0.38). Among patients with PCPs who became integrated, there were significant decreases in adherence for patients who were Black, Asian, Hispanic, or Native American, above 80 years old, and had greater comorbidities for all three classes.

Conclusions

While there were no average changes in adherence following vertical integration of PCPs, health equity worsened, with significant declines in adherence for Black, Asian, Hispanic, and Native American patients, patients over 80 years old, and patients with greater comorbidities. These findings suggest that integration may reduce clinicians’ incentives to compete based on the quality of care delivered. Given the price increases associated with integration, integration may be a net welfare loss.
Prey life stages modulate effects of predation stress on prey lifespan, development, and reproduction in mites
Authors: Wei Xiaoying , Li Guangyun , Zhang Zhi‐Qiang
Published: October 2022

The non‐consumptive effects of predator‐induced stress can influence a variety of life‐history traits. Many previous studies focused only on short‐term effects such as development and reproductive rates. Recent studies have showed that long‐term predation stress (given during the whole life of the prey) and short‐term predation stress (provided during the immature stage of the prey) could generate completely opposite results: the former could decrease lifespan, whereas the later could increase lifespan. However, it is still unclear whether the advantage is because of the short duration of exposure or the early stage of life during which exposure was exerted. Thus, in this study, the prey (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) was exposed to predation stress from the predator (Neoseiulus cucumeris) during different life stages (larva, protonymph, tritonymph, first 5 d of oviposition, the full lifespan or none of the above). The results showed that the predation stress supplied during larval and protonymphal stage delayed development, reduced fecundity and prolonged lifespan of the prey, while the stress given during tritonymphal stage only reduced lifespan slightly and the stress given during the first 5 d of oviposition did not change lifespan but reduced fecundity. This study indicated that the effects of predation stress are dependent on prey life stage and the predation stress experienced in the early life stages is important to lifespan modulation.
Is Criminology & Public Policy “influential?” Answers from altmetrics
Authors: Worrall John L. , Gordon Quinn
Published: October 2022

Research Summary

We use an altmetric aggregator, the Altmetric Attention Score (AAS), to rank the influence of articles published in Criminology & Public Policy from the journal's inception through July 31, 2022. We also rank articles based on specific AAS components, namely, Twitter, news, and policy document mentions. Last, we regress AASs on article‐level predictors, including research category, funding, open access type, and time since publication. With few exceptions, policing scholarship far outweighs other categories of research in terms of AAS‐measured societal impact.

Policy Implications

In contrast to bibliometrics (e.g., citation counts), altmetrics measure scholarship's societal impact, including its influence on policy. Since Criminology & Public Policy was initially created with the intention of influencing crime‐related policy, it is important to gauge the extent to which that has occurred. Other policy‐oriented (or perhaps all) criminal justice/criminology journals should evaluate their influence via altmetrics.
Polysaccharide of Lactobacillus casei SB27 reduced colon cancer cell prognosis through mitochondrial damage by upregulation of HINT2
Authors: Di Wei , Li Xin , Yang Qiaoyi
Published: October 2022

Aims

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. This study aimed to explore the effects of Polysaccharide of Lactobacillus casei SB27 in colon cancer and its possible mechanisms.

Methods

Colon cancer was induced by giving dextran sulfate sodium and Azoxymethane. Uman Colon Cancer Cell Line (HCT)‐116 cells were used to vitro model in this experiment.

Results

Polysaccharide of L. casei SB27 reduced colon cancer in azoxymethane‐dextran sulfate sodium (AOM+DSS)‐induced mice. Polysaccharide of L. casei SB27 reduced colon cancer prognosis in vitro model. Polysaccharide of L. casei SB27 reduced short chain fatty acids by Bacillus coli. Polysaccharide of L. casei promoted mitochondrial damage by Calcium ion entry. Polysaccharide of L. casei induced histidine nucleotide binding protein 2/mitochondrial calcium uniporter (HINT2/MCU) signaling pathway. Immunocoprecipitation (IP) showed that HINT2 protein interlinked MCU protein. Polysaccharide of L. casei suppressed HINT2 ubiquitination. The regulation of HINT2 affected the effects of L. casei polysaccharide on colon cancer prognosis and mitochondrial damage by Calcium ion entry in vitro model.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the present report demonstrated that polysaccharide of L. casei SB27 reduced colon cancer cell prognosis through mitochondrial damage by upregulation of HINT2. Polysaccharide of L. casei SB27 might be used for colon cancer treatment and could be helpful for personalized treatment.
Toll‐like receptors 3, 7, 8, and 9 in gastric cancer
Authors: Eskuri Maarit , Kemi Niko , Helminen Olli , Huhta Heikki , Kauppila Joonas H.
Published: October 2022

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) have been shown to have anti‐tumor, pro‐tumor, or even dual effects in cancer, and are thus potential prognostic biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets. The present study aimed to evaluate associations between endosomal TLRs, namely TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9, expression and clinicopathological variables and survival in gastric cancer. A total of 564 gastric adenocarcinoma patients were included in this retrospective cohort study. Samples and clinicopathological data were retrieved and organized into tissue microarray blocks. Protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The patients were divided into low expression and high expression groups by median values of expression. Cox regression provided hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for confounders. Patients with high nuclear TLR3 expression had significantly poorer 5‐year survival than the low nuclear TLR3 expression group in the univariable analysis (crude HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07–1.60). With radically resected patients, poor prognosis was also seen in the multivariable analysis (adjusted HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.08–1.77). Cytoplasmic TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 were not associated with 5‐year survival. In conclusion, high nuclear TLR3 expression seems to have prognostic impact in gastric cancer, while TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 do not.
Editorial: 5‐aminosalicylic acid fails to impact on irritable bowel syndrome—wrong population, intervention, target or hypothesis?
Authors: Quigley Eamonn M. M.
Published: October 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Castro Tejera et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17182
The association of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease between parents and adolescent children
Authors: Park Yewan , Sinn Dong Hyun , Kim Kyunga , Gwak Geum‐Youn
Published: October 2022

Background

Data reporting the heritability of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are highly variable.

Aims

To investigate the association of NAFLD between parents and their adolescent children using a nationwide, population‐based cohort.

Methods

We analysed 1737 families with both parents and adolescent children aged 12–18 who participated in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) between 2010 and 2019. NAFLD was defined by body mass index and elevated alanine aminotransferase levels in children and by the hepatic steatosis index in parents.

Results

The prevalence of NAFLD in adolescent children with either parent with NAFLD was higher than that in those without a parent with NAFLD (10.2% vs. 3.1%, p < 0.001). In a model fully adjusted for demographic, nutritional, behavioural and metabolic risk factors, children with either parent with NAFLD had a higher odds ratio (OR) for NAFLD (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.02–3.00) than those without a parent with NAFLD. Compared to those without a parent with NAFLD, the fully adjusted ORs of NAFLD in children with paternal NAFLD, maternal NAFLD and NAFLD in both parents were 1.80 (95% CI: 1.01–3.20), 2.21 (95% CI: 1.11–4.42) and 2.60 (95% CI: 1.03–6.54), respectively.

Conclusion

Adolescent children with a parent with NAFLD were at increased risk of NAFLD; risk was higher when both parents had NAFLD. Further studies are needed to explore the benefit of NAFLD screening in children who have a parent with NAFLD.
The best of two worlds: ecology and evolution of ambophilous plants
Authors: Abrahamczyk Stefan , Struck Jan‐Hendrik , Weigend Maximilian
Published: October 2022

Ambophily, the mixed mode of wind and insect pollination is still poorly understood, even though it has been known to science for over 130 years. While its presence has been repeatedly inferred, experimental data remain regrettably rare. No specific suite of morphological or ecological characteristics has yet been identified for ambophilous plants and their ecology and evolution remain uncertain. In this review we summarise and evaluate our current understanding of ambophily, primarily based on experimental studies. A total of 128 ambophilous species – including several agriculturally important crops – have been reported from most major habitat types worldwide, but this probably represents only a small subset of ambophilous species. Ambophilous species have evolved both from wind‐ and insect‐pollinated ancestors, with insect‐pollinated ancestors mostly representing pollination by small, generalist flower visitors. We compiled floral and reproductive traits for known ambophilous species and compared our results to traits of species pollinated either by wind or by small generalist insects only. Floral traits were found to be heterogeneous and strongly overlap especially with those of species pollinated by small generalist insects, which are also the prominent pollinator group for ambophilous plants. A few ambophilous species are only pollinated by specialised bees or beetles in addition to pollination by wind. The heterogeneity of floral traits and high similarity to generalist small insect‐pollinated species lead us to conclude that ambophily is not a separate pollination syndrome but includes species belonging to different insect‐ as well as wind‐pollination syndromes. Ambophily therefore should be regarded as a pollination mode. We found that a number of ecological factors promoted the evolution of ambophily, including avoidance of pollen limitation and self‐pollination, spatial flower interference and population density. However, the individual ecological factors favouring the transition to ambophily vary among species depending on species distribution, habitat, population structure and reproductive system. Finally, a number of experimental studies in combination with observations of floral traits of living and fossil species and dated phylogenies may indicate evolutionary stability. In some clades ambophily has likely prevailed for millions of years, for example in the castanoid clade of the Fagaceae.
No gardens, just shacks: The housing experiences of African‐American steelworkers in Whitney Pier, Nova Scotia in 1901
Authors: Bonner Claudine
Published: October 2022

In the early years of the 20th century, African‐American steelworkers were recruited to Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. This short article examines experiences of raciam and antiblackness in housing and employment.
Realizing the potential of a strengths‐based approach in family support with young people and their parents
Authors: Devaney Carmel , Brady Bernadine , Crosse Rosemary , Jackson Rebecca
Published: October 2022

This paper on a strengths‐based approach (SBA) to practice is based on empirical research with stakeholders involved in an intensive support programme for young people at risk and their parents in Ireland. The Youth Advocate Programme (YAP) model provides wraparound support to respond to their needs by focusing on their competencies and their coping skills and building networks of community‐based supports. The model includes parents or carers in the suite of support offered by advocates. An SBA to practice has been discussed for some time in academic literature and practice guidance. However, it tends to be considered primarily in relation to social work practice, and there is ongoing ambiguity as to what it actually involves in day‐to‐day engagement with individual family members. Insightful, rich accounts of SBAs as part of routine practice provided by young people, parents and practitioners form the basis to this paper and detail how these approaches support the development of hope‐inspiring relationships and promote positive change. Relevant literature and research situates the debate on the experience of using SBA, the wider challenges faced by families, the impact of SBA in practice on those receiving the support service and its potential for use in the wider continuum of children and family services.
The impact of pre‐transplant weight loss on survival following cardiac transplantation
Authors: Driggin Elissa , Chung Alice , Concha Daniella , Stanton Liam , Topkara Veli K. , Maurer Mathew S. , Fried Justin A. , Latif Farhana , Takeda Koji , Sayer Gabriel , Uriel Nir , Clerkin Kevin J.
Published: October 2022

Background

Significant weight loss due to cardiac cachexia is an independent predictor of mortality in many heart failure (HF) clinical trials. The impact of significant weight loss while on the waitlist for heart transplant (HT) has yet to be studied with respect to post‐transplant survival.

Methods

Adult HT recipients from 2010 to 2021 were identified in the UNOS registry. Patients who experienced an absolute weight change from the time of listing to transplant were included and classified into two groups by percent weight loss from time of listing to time of transplant using a cut‐off of 10%. The primary endpoint was 1‐year survival following HT.

Results

5951 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 763 (13%) experienced ≥10% weight loss from the time of listing to transplant. Weight loss ≥ 10% was associated with reduced 1‐year post‐transplant survival (86.9% vs. 91.0%, long‐rank p = .0003). Additionally, weight loss ≥ 10% was an independent predictor of 1‐year mortality in a multivariable model adjusting for significant risk factors (adjusted HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.46). In secondary analyses, weight loss ≥ 10% was associated with reduced 1‐year survival independent of hospitalized status at time of transplant as well as obesity status at listing (i.e., body mass index [BMI] < 30 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2).

Conclusions

Preoperative weight loss ≥ 10% is associated with reduced survival in patients listed for HT. Nutrition interventions prior to transplant may prove beneficial in this population.
Losing my religion: Luther, and the so‐called new perspective on Paul vis‐à‐vis feminist interpretations of Paul
Authors: Pedersen Else Marie Wiberg
Published: October 2022

This article is based on a paper given on August 16 at the seminar “Losing my Religion” held in connection with the 14th International Congress for Luther Research: Word and World. It offers a heuristic analysis of different attacks on the reformer Martin Luther and Lutheran theology, both internally and externally, with a focus on the generalizing critique of what is at times labeled “the traditional (Protestant) confrontation perspective” by the so‐called new—or even radical—Paul New Testament scholars. It is demonstrated that the Paul readings, foremost Paul's letter to the Romans, by the new Paul perspective scholars can be aligned with the Paul readings made by radical feminist New Testament scholars, as both groups read the bible as history from an essentialist angle. By contrast, the attacked “traditional (Protestant) perspective” can be aligned with revisionist feminist New Testament scholars, as these latter groups read the bible as theology from a constructivist angle.
The ethics of crowdfunding in paediatric neurology
Authors: Livingstone Angus , Servais Laurent , Wilkinson Dominic J. C.
Published: October 2022

In the last decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of families resorting to internet‐based public appeals to fund access to novel, highly expensive, or experimental therapies for rare disorders. Medical crowdfunding may provide a means to fund treatments or interventions, but it raises individual and societal ethical questions. In this review, we consider the ethical challenges crowdfunding poses in paediatric neurology, drawing on the example of gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy. We discuss physician responsibilities, and how neurologists should respond to crowdfunding that they encounter in clinical practice. We also briefly consider actions that can be taken by clinicians, charities, and crowdfunding websites to reduce harms. The best way to mitigate these harms may be to target the high costs and restrictive criteria that limit access to many novel treatments, and to optimize treatment utility, for instance by newborn screening.

What this paper adds

Crowdfunding is a social phenomenon arising from families' inability to access desired treatment.

Treatments sought by crowdfunding range from those that are clearly beneficial (but unaffordable) to those that would be ineffective and potentially harmful.

Crowdfunding carries a range of harms and risks to families and children and has wider social impact.
Importance of color for artificial clay caterpillars as sentinel prey in maize, soybean, and prairie
Authors: Roeder Karl A. , Dorland Matthew S. , Daniels Jesse D.
Published: October 2022

The use of artificial clay caterpillars to measure predation pressure under real field conditions is one method that has garnered recent support for quantifying ecosystem services that beneficial insects provide. Here, we focus on color and ask whether it is an important variable that should be considered in studies using clay caterpillars as sentinel prey. We deployed a total of 1920 brown, cream, green, gray, terracotta, and white clay caterpillars onto maize, soybean, and prairie plants to test if lighter colored caterpillars will be attacked and retrieved more than caterpillars with darker colors. As hypothesized, color was a significant predictor with green and terracotta caterpillars performing best, whereas brown and gray caterpillars performed the worst. Interestingly, clay caterpillars were also attacked proportionally to the number of insects in the surrounding habitat. Combined, we suggest artificial clay caterpillars could be useful for rapid ecosystem function assessments, but only when their color is considered.
Contrasting student and staff perceptions of preclinical‐to‐clinical transition at a Chilean dental school
Authors: Tricio Jorge , Garcés Gonzalo , Vicuña Daniela , Orsini César
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Dental education is a challenging and demanding field of study as students are expected to acquire various competencies to fulfil their professional requirements after graduation. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare dental students' and clinical staff instructors' perceptions of the preclinical‐to‐clinical transition training at a Dental School in Santiago, Chile.

Material and Methods

Two questionnaires containing 11 quantitative and one qualitative item were developed to assess our year three, four and five (n = 244) dental undergraduate students' challenges when they begin treating patients, and clinical staff (n = 78) perceptions of the preparedness to treat patients of the same students. Both questionnaires were voluntarily and anonymously implemented eight weeks after the beginning of the 2019 academic year. Responses were analysed using a Chi‐squared test for each quantitative question, while qualitative comments were studied to form themes and dimensions.

RESULTS

A total of 234 (96%) students and 60 (77%) instructors completed their respective questionnaire. There were considerable variations between students in the different years of the programme, as well as between students and staff members. Students and instructors felt the former had enough knowledge to treat patients though it was difficult for them to apply it in clinical practice. Again, both believed they could communicate with patients, but third year students asked for more training on this. Regarding practical skills, fourth‐ and fifth‐year students felt prepared but not third year students, who preferred to work in pairs with senior students, a preference that was shared by the instructors. All student groups asked clinical staff to provide more frequent, constructive and consistent feedback and felt that the difference between simulation and clinical environments and the amount of clinical work to fulfil clinical requirements made them feel stressed. Another mentioned stressor was students' low self‐confidence when working with patients. Among the requested improvements, students requested better training on how the dental clinic works to save time.

Conclusions

Preclinical‐to‐clinical transition training presents several challenges. Some of the problems highlighted by both students and clinical staff members persisted with the transition after three, four and even five years of training, which needs to be addressed.
Preemptive cyclosporin A in immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Comparon Celine , Galicier Lionel , Rebibou Jean Michel , Coppo Paul , Benhamou Ygal
Published: October 2022

Survivors of immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) are exposed to clinical relapses when a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 repeats, member 13 (ADAMTS13) activity decreases during follow‐up. Although preemptive rituximab usually improves ADAMTS13 activity in this context, 15% of patients experience refractoriness or intolerance to rituximab and require alternative strategies. Here, we addressed whether cyclosporine A (CSA) could improve ADAMTS13 activity and prevent clinical relapses in this context. We treated preemptively with CSA 14 iTTP patients who were unresponsive (n = 11) or intolerant (n = 3) to rituximab. All patients had a severe ADAMTS13 deficiency (activity <20%) and otherwise in clinical remission. ADAMTS13 activity normalized in almost all patients (n = 13, 93%), after a median time of 2.5 months [IQR 1–6] following initiation. Median duration of CSA treatment was 17.5 months [IQR 10–34]. ADAMTS13 activity further declined to undetectable values during follow‐up in five patients, but retreatment with rituximab or CSA allowed a recovery in ADAMTS13 activity in three cases. CSA could be stopped durably in two patients, while two others experienced an ADAMTS13 relapse. Severe but reversible side effects requiring cessation of the treatment occurred in two patients. CSA provides high and sustained response rates in patients who are refractory or intolerant to rituximab, with acceptable adverse events.
Aversive reactions of two invertebrate predators to European red–black insects
Authors: Segovia Julio M. G. , Pekár Stano
Published: October 2022

Prey species gain protection by imitating signals of unpalatable models in defensive mimicry. Mimics have been traditionally classified as Batesian (palatable mimic resembling an unpalatable model) or Müllerian (unpalatable mimic resembling a similarly unpalatable model). However, recent studies suggest that rather than discrete categories, the phenomenon of mimicry can be better understood as a continuum. The level of unpalatability of defended prey is a key factor in determining the type of mimetic relationship. Herein, we used insects (ladybugs and true bugs) from a putative European “red–black” mimetic complex as experimental models of defended species and crickets as a control prey. We offered the prey to two species of sympatric invertebrate predators (praying mantis and spider) and video recorded the interactions. We tested three alternative hypotheses, namely (i) the three red–black species tested are similarly defended against both predators; (ii) some red–black species are better defended than others against both predator species, and (iii) the effectiveness of the red–black species defenses is predator dependent. Both predators attacked all prey types with a similar frequency. But while all three red–black species similarly elicited aversive behaviors in spiders, the mantises' aversive reactions varied depending on the prey species. Our results provide support to the third hypothesis, suggesting that the same prey species can fall into different parts of the spectrum of palatability–unpalatability depending on the type of predator.