bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN HIDROGEL ALGA HIJAU Spirogyra sp SEBAGAI DESALINASI AIR PAYAU DENGAN DI PANTAI TANJUNG PAKIS KARAWANG
Authors: Sugiharta Sudrajat , Ahmad Farid , Yuniarsih Nia
Published: March 2024

Masyarakat di sekitar pesisir pantai Tanjung Pakis Karawang masih banyak mengkonsumsi air payau untuk keperluan minum, mamasak, dan MCK, penggunaan air payau dalam jangka panjang akan menimbulkan efek merugikan terhadap kesehatan. Air payau mengandung kadar salinitas, total padatan terlarut, total padatan tersuspensi, dan kadar mineral yang tinggi. Terdapat berbagai cara untuk meningkatkan kualitas air payau sehingga dapat dikonsumsi, diantaranya menggunakan biosorpsi hidrogel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kemampuan desalinasi pada air payau diantaranya pengujian suhu, pH, salinitas, TDS, TSS, dengan menggunakan sediaan hidrogel alga hijau Spirogyra sp yang mampu mendesalinasi sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas air. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimental dengan membandingkan sediaan hidrogel dengan serbuk dan granul kemudian dengan baku pembanding zeolit sebagai kontrol positif. Sediaan hidrogel yang dibuat dengan persentase 0%, 2%, 4%, dan 6%. Hasil organoleptik menunjukan bahwa sediaan hidrogel memiliki tekstur padat dan bau khas alga hijau dengan warna hijau tua. Sediaan hidrogel memiliki nilai viskositas yang stabil pada sediaan H2, memiliki nilai pH yang sesuai dengan baku mutu air (6,5-8,5), sediaan hidrogel ini memiliki nilai swelling yang baik terdapat pada sediaan H2 dan memiliki nilai Fraksi yang tinggi pada sediaan H4. Data desalinasi dianalisis dengan menggunakan Uji ANOVA dan Uji Kruskal-Wallis. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini bahwa sediaan hidrogel alga hijau memiliki kemampuan dalam desalinasi air payau berdasarkan hasil uji suhu, TSS, dan Salinitas yang dibandingkan dengan Zeolit dan Hidrogel tanpa alga pada ketiga sampel.
UJI POTENSI PENURUNAN KADAR KHOLESTEROL MENCIT (Mus musculus) DARI INFUSA DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) SEGAR DAN SIMPLISIA
Authors: Suharti  , Putra Risa Kota , Sobana Ibnu
Published: March 2024

Hyperlipidemia is a condition where an increase in one or all of the lipids in the bloodstream (plasma) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cherry plant (Muntingia calabura L.) contains chemicals flavonoids, tannins, ascorbic acid and saponins. Traditionally it is believed to help treat various diseases, such as protecting heart muscle function, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and anti-tumor. Potential to reduce blood cholesterol levels from the cherry plant is due to the presence of flavonoid compounds and ascorbic acid as active antioxidants that prevent LDL oxidation in the blood. This study aims to determine the potential for reducing cholesterol levels from cherry leaves in the form of fresh infusion preparations and simplicia infusion preparations, preparations given orally to male white mice (Mus musculus) whose blood cholesterol levels were previously induced by quail egg yolk feed at a dose per mouse. 73 mg (equivalent to 0.3 ml). Every day for 15 days, then the blood cholesterol level is measured using the Easy Touch GCU device. As a comparison in this study, simvastatin tablets were used. The test results for the potential to reduce blood cholesterol levels of fresh cherry leaves and their simplicia show that the infusion of fresh leaves has a stronger effect on lowering cholesterol levels than the simplicia (dry), it can be concluded that blood cholesterol levels can be reduced in the infusion of fresh cherry leaves (Average decrease cholesterol 18 mg/dl) is stronger than the simplicia (dry) infusion (average reduction in cholesterol levels 17 mg/dl).
Використання методу багатовимірної середньої для оптимізації формування рейтингу науково-педагогічних працівників вузу на прикладі волинського національного університету імені Лесі Українки
Authors: Fedonyuk A. , Gerasymchuk O. , Yunchyk V. , Fedonyuk Yu.
Published: March 2024

В роботі проаналізовано наявні інструменти для формування рейтингу, створено власний програмний продукт для імпортування даних викладачів із селекцією необхідних параметрів з існуючих баз даних. У самій програмі передбачено кілька алгоритмів для обрахунку за методом багатовимірної середньої рейтингу викладачів, сортування даних в порядку спадання (зростання) та візуалізацію результатів
Підвищення ефективності документообігу у військових частинах на базі хмарних технологій
Authors: Mykhalevskyi D. , Lutsenko O. , Shapovalova T. , Kivshar O.
Published: March 2024

В роботі проведено аналіз хмарних технологій для військових цілей на базі підрівнів апаратного та програмного забезпечення та інтерактивного інтерфейсу для доступу до послуг. Це дає змогу отримати будь-які необхідні послуги для користувачів незалежно від місця розташування при умові існування будь-якого каналу передачі даних із мінімально необхідною пропускною здатністю із застосуванням відкритих інтерфейсів серверів, а також використання програмного забезпечення з відкритим кодом. Досліджено процес обміну інформацією у військових хмарах на основі мобільних мереж спеціального призначення із використанням програмно-конфігурованих персональних військових терміналів.
Реалізовано віртуальне середовище на базі діючої телекомунікаційної мережі військової частини використовуючи програмне забезпечення Nextcloud для організації електронного документообігу. Встановлено, що при доступі до електронних форм документів для всіх необхідних ланок керування військової частини, час на оформлення може скоротитись від кількох хвилин до години на відміну від витрат військовослужбовцем на особисте погодження, що займає від кількох годин до кількох діб, особливо у випадках знаходження підрозділів і штабів частин в інших населених пунктах, що потребує значного переривання від виконання своїх службових обов’язків для передачі документів.
Крім того, встановлено, що однією з головних переваг у використанні програмного забезпечення Nextcloud є забезпечення високого рівня безпеки даних для забезпечення конфіденційності. Створення документообігу на базі Nextcloud, забезпечує високий рівень безпеки із застосуванням шифрування та аутентифікації, що зменшують ризики втрати чи несанкціонованого доступу. Для цього використовується захищене з'єднання HTTPS для передачі даних між терміналом користувача і сервером, багатофакторна аутентифікація (MFA), налаштування прав доступу та привілегій, застосування мережних екранів на рівні сервера, системний журнал та моніторинг подій для виявлення та відслідковування підозрілої активності
Механізм забезпечення інформаційної безпеки реалізації державної політики запобігання та протидії економічній злочинності
Authors: Грицишен Д. О. , Дикий А. П. , Бутузов В. М. , Цимбалюк В. С.
Published: March 2024

Визначено поняття кіберпростір, кібербезпека, кіберзлочини. Здійснено статистичний аналіз кількості правопорушень та досліджено динаміку вчинених злочинів у сфері використання комп'ютерів та комп'ютерних мереж за період з 2013 по 2022 рр. Наведено інформацію щодо основних секторів хакерських атак та визначено перелік найпоширеніших методів кібератак. Визначено суб'єкти та об'єкти інформаційного захисту державної політики і перелік принципів, якими повинна керуватись система інформаційного захисту, описано етапи формування механізму забезпечення інформаційної безпеки та необхідні види забезпечення (фінансові, інформаційні, правові, кадрові). Зазначені етапи включають оцінення кібербезпеки, встановлення вимог до технологій, впровадження заходів забезпечення інформаційної безпеки та системи моніторингу за кібербезпекою. Запропоновано перелік складових механізму забезпечення інформаційної безпеки, серед яких: 1) забезпечення системи захисту інформації на усіх етапах реалізації державної політики; 2) інформаційна гігієна; 3) впровадження санкцій; 5) розроблення системи оцінювання кіберзагроз; 6) забезпечення кібербезпеки єдиної інформаційної системи МВС України; 7) розроблення системи моніторингу. Визначено методи вирішення проблем інформаційної безпеки (організаційні, правові, психологічні, технічні, технологічні). Встановлено, що зазначені методи мають відповідати запропонованим етапам формування і реалізації механізму, до яких віднесено: 1) оцінення кібербезпеки та кіберзахисту; 2) оцінення потенційних кіберзагроз на майбутні періоди; 3) встановлення вимог до інформаційно-комп'ютерних технологій; 4) впровадження заходів забезпечення інформаційної безпеки; 5) впровадження системи заходів інформаційної безпеки суб'єктів реалізації; 6) впровадження інформаційного забезпечення інформаційно-комунікаційної системи; 7) впровадження системи постійного моніторингу за кібербезпекою.
Caminhos trilhados em busca de formas de avaliar nas aulas de matemática
Authors: Gonçalves Araceli , Borba Ayessa Regina de , Saraiva Letícia Santos da Silva
Published: March 2024

O presente relato trata-se da reflexão sobre a experiência de planejamento e aplicação de cinco atividades avaliativas no período de agosto de 2018 a maio de 2019 por uma professora regente e duas bolsistas do Programa Residência Pedagógica (RP). Tem como objetivo discutir os métodos de avaliação comumente aplicados nas aulas de Matemática, bem como apresentar atividades avaliativas planejadas e implementadas durante os nove meses que tivemos envolvidos no programa Residência Pedagógica. As atividades aqui relatadas foram planejadas de modo que os estudantes tivessem mais liberdade para expressar seus saberes e comprovar suas aprendizagens de modo mais criativo e autônomo. Como resultados, podemos destacar o maior envolvimento dos estudantes nas aulas, mesmo nas planejadas de forma tradicional; a prática da pesquisa por parte dos estudantes; a ressignificação da prática de avaliação; maior autonomia e confiança de estar em sala de aula na condição de regente.
Metodologia de ensino e a história da matemática: um estudo com professores pedagogos
Authors: Mometti Carlos
Published: March 2024

A metodologia de ensino é um dos temas de maior relevância no campo da Educação Matemática. Nos diferentes níveis de ensino, pensam-se em métodos que convergem para um único objetivo: a aprendizagem da Matemática pelos alunos. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo tem por escopo apresentar um estudo desenvolvido com duas professoras pedagogas, de dois diferentes municípios do Brasil, acerca da possibilidade metodológica do uso da História da Matemática durante as aulas de Matemática dos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Para tanto, partiu-se dos discursos escritos nas atividades elaboradas por ambas as professoras durante um curso de formação continuada no que tange à presença de conteúdos que orientassem para o uso da História da Matemática como metodologia. Para esta análise, utilizou-se da perspectiva francesa da análise de conteúdo. Assim, diante dos conteúdos selecionados e analisados de ambos os discursos, foram obtidas oito categorias, sendo seis delas comuns às duas professoras participantes. Verificou-se que nas atividades propostas para os Anos Iniciais, pelas docentes pedagogas, o uso da História da Matemática não foi de forte presença. Como desdobramento, o presente estudo leva-nos à formação inicial dos professores pedagogos no Brasil e da necessidade de repensarmos o estudo da História da Matemática como potencial metodológico para o ensino.
Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Educação Matemática, Diversidade E Diferença como um espaço de formação e (com)partilhamento
Authors: Da Rosa Fernanda Malinosky Coelho , Rodrigues Thiago Donda
Published: March 2024

No presente artigo visamos apresentar o Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Educação Matemática, Diversidade e Diferença (GEduMaD), como um espaço de reflexão, formação, intercâmbio de ideias e (com)partilhamento vivências e estudos. Os trabalhos produzidos pelos membros do GEduMaD têm um aspecto heterogêneo em relação aos temas de pesquisa e também às áreas que abrangem. Essa diversidade implica também na necessidade de lançar mão de diferentes referenciais teóricos e metodológicos. Assim, apresentaremos nossos percursos teóricos-metodológicos, além de divulgar as pesquisas finalizadas e as que estão em andamento. Como considerações finais, traremos uma breve discussão do que tem aparecido nas pesquisas realizadas.
A escrita como possibilidade de um dizer de si: Notas sobre um grupo de pesquisa
Authors: Flores Claudia Regina , Kerscher Franco Mônica Maria , Wagner Débora Regina
Published: March 2024

Assumindo-se como nômades nas investigações, tomamos os territórios da Arte, da Cultura Visual, da Filosofia e da História, como terras para caminhar e produzir pesquisas. Nesta composição o Grupo de Estudos Contemporâneos e Educação Matemática (GECEM), sediado na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), e ligado aos Programa de Pós Graduação de Educação Científica Tecnológica (PPGECT) e Programa de Pós Graduação em Educação (PPGE) desenvolve pesquisas sob duas temáticas: questões do visual e práticas escolares; questões da história e educação matemática. Neste artigo iremos focar na primeira temática, ou seja, pretendemos apresentar as pesquisas que focam nos aspectos do visual, interagindo com a arte e a filosofia, e pensando oficinas como experimentações para trabalhar em sala de aula.
Compulsão alimentar em universitários de uma cidade de médio porte do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Oliveira Camila , Contreira Renata , Vargas Larissa , Magalhães Larissa , Moreira Ângela , Pretto Alessandra
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Eating disorders are common in the university environment and binge eating is associated with females, the presence of overweight and obesity, it is more common in students of Health field courses and in people who highly value the physical body. The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of binge eating in university students in a medium-sized city in Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study with university students, adults, of both sexes, regularly enrolled in Nutrition and Literature courses / Portuguese Federal University of Pelotas. Participants were weighed and answered a self-administered questionnaire on socioeconomic conditions, eating and living habits, as well as a questionnaire containing the Periodic Eating Compulsion Scale. The data collected were analyzed using Microsoft Excel® Software and statistical analyzes were performed using the Stata® 14.0 statistical package, with a 5% significance level (p <0.05). Results: The majority of the sample is female (81.7%), with a mean age of 25.4 years and with nutritional status classified as eutrophic (65.2%). As for eating habits, there was no adequacy regarding the consumption of beans, milk, fruits and vegetables. Binge eating disorder was identified in 9.6% of students, being more prevalent in the Language / Portuguese course (14.7%) and 52.2% of students reported perceiving episodes of binge eating. Conclusion: The sample studied shows inappropriate eating behavior and a significant perception of binge eating. It is suggested that the University implement the use of questionnaires to assess the presence of eating disorders in its students, enabling constant research and enabling the consolidation of a psychological and nutritional support service to students who need it.
Influência do estado nutricional e inflamatório na mortalidade de pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise
Authors: Brandão Hannah , Shroder Kaline , Melo Halanna , Tomiya Marília , Silva Elda , Morais Caroline
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a global public health problem and patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) present energy-protein malnutrition (DEP) frequently and presenting a multifactorial etiology, resulting in tissue losses with functional consequences, associated with high morbidity and unfavorable prognosis. The low albumin value is associated with the state of persistent inflammation, being the main responsible for the documented association between mortality and hypoalbuminemia. The present study aimed to analyze the influence of nutritional and inflammatory status on the mortality of patients submitted to HD. Methods: Observational longitudinal study, carried out in the HD program of the Institute of Integral Medicine Professor Fernando Figueira - IMIP (Recife-PE), from August 2015 to November 2016. Clinical data (dialysis time, underlying disease and clinical outcome), biochemical tests (C-reactive protein and serum albumin) and anthropometric indicators, such as body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio (WHT), arm muscle circumference and triceps skinfold (TCd), were analyzed. Results: Fifty-five patients with a mean age of 47.84 ±16.5 years were evaluated. It was evidenced that 16.4% of the patients died and that the male sex presented a higher risk of mortality when compared to the female (HR 12.7, p=0.030). Regarding biochemical evaluation, a significant decrease in mortality was observed with increased serum albumin levels (HR 0.05, p=0.031). Regarding anthropometric evaluation, it can be observed that adequate WHT was associated with decreased mortality (HR 0.11, p=0.027). Conclusion: It can be concluded that it is extremely important to identify early changes in albumin and WHT levels, as it will enable targeted dietotherapeutic treatment with the aim of reducing the risk of mortality in this population.
Dietary and anthropometric profile of patients with acute coronary syndrome admitted to a tertiary hospital
Authors: Luz Victória , Barbiero Sandra , Portal Vera , Stein Elana , Marcadenti Aline
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases of ischemic origin are associated with inadequate nutrition and excess adiposity. The aim of this study was to determine the dietary and anthropometric profile of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: Cross-sectional study with patients ≥ 18 years and ACS admitted in a tertiary hospital in South of Brazil. Socio-demographic, clinical, anthropometric (weight, height, waist and hip circumferences) data and information regarding physical activity were evaluated; a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to identify the dietary intake. Comparisons between the nutrients’ intake obtained by dietary survey and those recommended by the national and international guidelines were carried out using the Student t-test for one mean. Results: A total of 104 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 60.6 ± 11.3 years and 59.6% were man. The prevalence of obesity according to body mass index (BMI) was 32.7%, and 58.6% of the patients presented a very high waist circumference. In relation to diet, the amounts of energy (kcal/kg of body weight), protein (in %), saturated fat (in %) and sodium (in mg) were higher than the recommended by guidelines (p <0.004), and potassium, calcium, magnesium (in mg) and fiber (in g) intake were lower than that recommended (p values <0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity was high in patients with ACS and the intake of most of the evaluated nutrients was not in accordance with the recommendations of national and international guidelines.
Uso de suplementos alimentares por universitários da área de Saúde em Salvador – BA
Authors: Santana Danielle , Santos Genario , Soares Pedro , Rios Fernanda , Netto Eduardo , Paraná Raymundo
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The use of dietary supplements is a common reality in contemporary society, and there are few studies on the subject. When in the past, the use of the supplements was used to be a practice of athletes, today, is a reality in all the different groups of the Society. In the university population of Health is no different. The objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency and profile of the use of dietary supplements by students in the Health area in Salvador-BA. Methods: Descriptive study, with the university population of the Health area. The data were obtained from the application of an online questionnaire, without identification. Categorical variables were analyzed in the form of frequencies and percentages, while continuous variables were evaluated as means ± standard deviation. Results: Of the 401 students evaluated, the predominant age group was 20 to 24 years old and the majority were female (69.3%). In relation to the university course, the highest percentage was of the medical course (27.4%). From the sample of the participating students, 51.1% answered using some type of supplement and 61.6% said they practiced some physical activity. Most students (83.4%) having achieved the expected results, however 11.2% reported some adverse event. Conclusion: The high frequency of dietary supplements and a predominant use of protein supplements were observed in the students. Adverse events have been reported that may possibly be associated with the consumption of supplements.
Composição corporal como fator protetor para mortalidade em pacientes em tratamento dialítico: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Pretto Alessandra , Schiatti Jéssica
Published: March 2024

The reverse epidemiology in chronic kidney disease associates obesity with an improvement in survival in patients on dialysis. However, many studies are based on body mass index, an anthropometric method that does not differ lean mass and fat mass, generating controversy. Thus, the analysis of body composition is made necessary to check the veracity of obesity as a protective factor in these patients. The goal of this paper was to review articles that deal with body composition as a mortality protective factor in patients on dialysis treatment. It is a systematic review involving 33 articles, with the following descriptors: Dialysis, body composition, anthropometry and mortality. Through the present studies, it can be concluded that both body mass index and body composition are strong predictors of death. However, the protective effect granted to the high body mass index, indicated in reverse epidemiology, is limited to patients with normal or high muscle mass. Patients with high body mass index due to high body fat present a higher risk of mortality. Therefore, because it does not distinguish lean body mass and fat body mass, the body mass index should not be the manly method evaluation of nutritional state used in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Integrative review: Subjective and objective methods for assessing nutritional status of elderly patients with heart failure
Authors: Paz Ramyne , Fortes Renata
Published: March 2024

Introduction: There is a high prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases when age advances, highlighting the heart disease. The objectives of this study was to investigate the aging process, the cardiovascular disease and the main subjective and objectives evaluation methods of nutritional status of elderly patients with heart disease. Methods: It is an integrative review through articles indexed in Lilacs, Medline, PubMed, SciELO, NCBI, Capes, Bireme, published between 2014 and 2018. Results: Studies show that the elderly are frequently affected by malnutrition during hospitalization, which represents about 77% of the cases. In pre-surgical patients, the prevalence of malnutrition ranges from 25.5% to 51%. There are several types of subjective methods and objectives for assessing the nutritional status of hospitalized elderly people, such as: Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002), Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF) and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), body mass index (BMI), arm circumference, calf circumference, hand grip strength and biochemical tests. Conclusions: The various researches investigated reveal that the subjective and objective evaluations of the nutritional status of the elderly with cardiovascular diseases are essential tools for early detection of malnutrition and nutritional risk and of nutritional changes, which contribute to the appropriate and timely nutritional intervention.
Risco de disbiose intestinal em pacientes hospitalizados
Authors: Oliveira Ítalo , Morais Gláucia , Lemos Maria
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Under normal conditions, the bacteria residing in the gastrointestinal tract create a homeostatic balance that remains healthy and free from the overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria. When microbial diversity is lost, especially protective species, favors dominance by pathogenic species, characterizing intestinal dysbiosis. Thus, the present study aims to assess the risk of intestinal dysbiosis in hospitalized patients. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted with 70 inpatients, adults and elderly, of both sexes, admitted to a university hospital in 2019. Applied in a questionnaire that considers the main factors that contribute to the risk of intestinal diseases and sociodemographic and economic variables, clinical and anthropometric measurements were collected. It used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23, a 5% margin of error in the decision of the statistical tests, and the degree of association was used for the prevalence ratio. Results: The age range was between 19 and 80 years, and the average age was 49.29 ± 14.35. Most were female (62.9%) and the range 40 to 59 was the most prevalent with slightly less than half (48.6%). The presence of nutritional risk by admission screening was recorded in 42.9% of the sample and exactly half were overweight. Most of the samples belonged to the gastroenterology/rheumatology clinic (34.3%). About 62.9% of patients had a medium risk of dysbiosis. Conclusion: Patients with a medium and high risk of dysbiosis. There was no risk of intestinal dysbiosis with sociodemographic, economic, clinical and anthropometric variables. The use of a practical tool can assist health professionals without directing in an appropriate way according to the results found.
Associação entre adequação calórico-proteica e início precoce da terapia nutricional enteral com o desfecho clínico de pacientes oncológicos na unidade de terapia intensiva
Authors: Santos Larissa , Matos Liane , Miola Thais , Dias Susana
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Complications associated to cancer may contribute to the admission of oncological patients to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and it have association to worst prognosis. Critical patients usually need Enteral Nutrition Therapy (ENT). Early enteral nutrition and the caloric-protein adequacy have associations with good prognosis, reduction of hospitality, costs and mortality. Objective: Evaluate the association between caloric-protein adequacy of enteral nutrition therapy and early enteral nutrition therapy, with the clinical outcomes in oncological patients in the Intensive Care Unit. Methods: It is a cross sectional study with 114 oncological patients admitted to ICU, at a Cancer Center in Brazil between January to December 2017. The inclusion criteria were patients aged 18 years old and over, who received ENT during the length of stay in ICU for at least 72 hours. Data collection was performed based on medical records. Results: Sixty-four percent of patients have early enteral nutrition. Patients who did not have early enteral nutrition had significant statistic association with death in the ICU (p=0,031) and in the clinical outcomes final (p=0,015). Moreover, there was association between late start of enteral nutrition with longer ICU (p=0,001) and hospital stay (p=0,027). Patients who did not get energy (p=0,045) and protein (p=0,020) adequacies had longer length of stay in ICU. Conclusion: The early enteral nutrition has low association with death and with less total ICU and hospital stay. Early enteral nutrition was associated with less total ICU and hospital stay. To prove these results should take more studies, t hat might change the conduct of clinical practice.
Relação entre a circunferência do pescoço e outros indicadores antropométricos em pacientes internados em um hospital municipal da zona leste de São Paulo
Authors: Santos Bianca , Rodrigues Clara
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Neck circumference (NC) has been used to identify excess weight and higher cardiovascular risk in primary care, positively correlated with the metabolic syndrome. The increased NC can signal an accumulation of fat molecules on the wall of the carotid arteries, favoring the development of cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to provide greater reliability to this information and add a new nutritional indicator to the patient in tertiary care, quickly, non-invasively and without cost. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study, carried out with adult patients of both sexes, in the emergency room of Hospital Municipal Dr. Cármino Caricchio - Tatuapé, São Paulo, between the months of June and August 2019. Social data (age, gender, race), disease (diagnosis and associated pathologies) and anthropometric measurements of 69 individuals aged between 21 and 58 years. For statistical analysis, the R Core Team statistical software was used. The data for the numerical variables were presented as mean, median, quartile (1st - 3rd) and maximum value. In the comparisons with numerical variables, the dispersion, correlation (R), p-value (p) and Spearman coefficient graphs were used. For the categorical variable, the Kruskal-Wallis test by sex, represented in Box-plot, was applied. Results: The data obtained demonstrated that the women included in the study had higher values of weight, arm and neck circumference in relation to men. There was a positive correlation in all measures used in the study. Conclusion: NC is positively correlated with anthropometric measurements, its applicability is viable because it is low-cost, fast and effective, complementing nutritional diagnosis and identifying cardiovascular risk.
Perfil nutricional dos pacientes em tratamento oncológico sem suporte nutricional
Authors: Silva Ananda , Pereira Augusto , Miola Thais , Ribeiro Simone
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Malnutrition is common among patients with cancers of the head and neck (CP) and upper gastrointestinal tract (TGIA). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nutritional profile of patients diagnosed with cancer in CP and TGIA undergoing chemotherapy (QT) with or without radiotherapy (RT), in whom they did not undergo outpatient nutritional monitoring. Methods: Cohort study, observational and retrospective, between the years 2016 to 2019. Socioeconomic, clinical and anthropometric data were collected from electronic medical records in three periods: beginning of treatment (T1), during treatment (T2) and at end of treatment or after 6 months (T3). Results: The present study analyzed 122 patients, 73% male, aged 59.58 ± 13.01 years, diagnosed with cancer in TGIA (59.6%), of whom 73% received initial nutritional guidance. There was an average weight loss of 6.20 ± 6.97% over the course of treatment, with an increase of 26.4% in individuals with severe weight loss, with patients with cancer in CP frequently presenting greater malnutrition.(64.8%; p = 0.001). It was not possible to establish an association between receiving initial nutritional guidance and presenting symptoms (p> 0.05) or weight loss in the analyzed times (T1: p = 0.422; T2: p = 0.374 and T3: p = 0.908). In the correlation between the classification of weight loss throughout the treatment and the presence of symptoms, there was an association with dysphagia (p = 0.01) at T1 and mucositis at T2 (p = 0.006) and T3 (p <0.001). Conclusion: Systemic antineoplastic treatment influences the nutritional status of patients with cancer of CP and TGIA, while early and continuous nutritional intervention improves these parameters, favoring the patient’s prognosis.
Nutrição celular: um padrão de cuidado
Authors: Giorelli Guilherme , Machado Juliana , Addor Flávia , Sartoretto Bruna , Toledo Diogo
Published: March 2024

Aging can be related to a cognitive decline, as well as, poor functionality, frailty and may increase the risk of developing diseases such as: cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal and/or neurodegenerative disorders - which contribute to a worse quality of life and increased risk of death. Nine factors can contribute to cell aging, which can be summarized in the mnemonic DESGASTAR. Cellular senescence contributes to immunosenescence, which generates a low degree of inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction that contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen specimens (ROS). The reduction in glutathione levels can contribute to aging, in addition to promoting inflammation and/or production of free radicals, which can contribute to an increased risk of chronic degenerative diseases. Interventions that include lifestyle changes (balanced diet, regular exercise, no smoking and moderate or non-consumption of alcohol), in addition to amino acid, vitamin and or mineral supplementation, when medically indicated and needed, can delay the physiological process called age-associated cell decline.
Evolução do estado nutricional em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço em radioterapia ou quimiorradioterapia
Authors: Silva Francielle , Chulam Thiago , Miola Thais
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The tumor site and the therapeutic modalities used may cause important physiological changes and symptoms in patients with head and neck cancer, which generally lead to weight loss with consequent increased treatment toxicity and complications. Nutritional monitoring and early detection of malnutrition are essential for appropriate nutritional intervention. The present study compared the nutritional status of patients assisted or not by the nutrition service, before and after radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy treatment. Methods: Retrospective, cohort, observational study. Sample comprised 57 patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper digestive tract aerial, 23 in nutritional follow-up and 34 not in follow-up. Nutritional status was compared by electrical bioimpedance at the beginning and end of treatment in those who followed up with the nutrition team. Weight and weight loss were evaluated between the 2 groups, as well as the presence of symptoms. Results: The total sample showed significant weight loss during treatment, with mean initial weight of 77.6 kg and mean final weight of 72.4 kg (p<0.001), the degree of this loss was greater in patients who were not advised by the nutrition team (61.8% vs. 26.1%; p=0.044). The patients in follow-up, manifested greater loss of fat mass (2.1 kg) than lean mass (1.5 kg). There was no difference in the phase angle (PA) value between the beginning and end of treatment (p=0.249). As for symptoms, dysphagia was more prevalent in the follow-up group (60.9% vs. 2.9%; p<0.01), mucositis in patients with cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx (p=0.003) and odynophagia in laryngeal cancer (p=0.029). Conclusion: Nutritional monitoring was able to minimize weight loss among patients, emphasizing the importance of nutritional assistance in patients with head and neck tumors undergoing radiotherapy treatment combined or not with chemotherapy.
Relação entre a evolução nutricional e o tempo de internamento de pacientes submetidos ao transplante cardíaco
Authors: Lima Maysa , Araújo Aline , Tomiya Marilia
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The importance of an adequate nutritional status for post-heart transplant patients has been gaining attention, as a better quality of life is sought with the procedure, which makes it necessary to assess the nutritional evolution and the relationship with hospital discharge of patients undergoing to heart transplantation. Methods: Retrospective cohort study, in which secondary data were collected from the nutritional monitoring records of patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent heart transplantation from January 2012 to February 2020. Anthropometric, biochemical and clinical parameters were analyzed. Results: Data from 130 patients were analyzed, with a greater proportion of males, in adulthood, highlighting idiopathic cardiomyopathy as the underlying pathology, and systemic arterial hypertension as the most frequent comorbidity. Regarding the anthropometric assessment, the largest proportion of patients was eutrophic, taking into account the body mass index and in contrast to the arm circumference, there was a predominance of thinness. There was evidence of a decrease in the mean weight during hospitalization from 65.5 ± 15.4 kg to 62.5 ± 14.6 kg (p<0.001) and a body mass index of 23.1 ± 4.8 kg/m2 to 22.1 ± 4.5 kg/m2. In addition, patients who gained weight were 2.77 times more likely to be discharged from hospital compared to patients who lost weight. Conclusion: The changes in anthropometric indicators evidenced in this study demonstrate the importance of nutritional monitoring of patients undergoing heart transplantation, since weight gain in the postoperative period was related to shorter hospital stay, which can impact on lower costs hospitals and risk of infections in these patients.
Impacto da campanha “CUIDe” na segurança do paciente em terapia nutricional enteral: ensaio clínico aberto
Authors: Silva Stella , Corrêa Ana , Assis Michelli , Stamm Bruna , Silva Raquel , Beghetto Mariur
Published: March 2024

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the visual identity campaign “CUIDe” (Check, Use, Insert, Disinfect) on the nursing teams’ adherence to the care of patients using enteral feeding tubes. Methods: Open clinical trial applied a checklist of care to patients using enteral feeding tubes, before and after the intervention of a visual identity campaign. The study included 1.038 observations for the intervention group and 1.118 observations for the control group. A Generalized Estimating Equations Model was used for the comparisons. Results: “CUIDe” campaign improved global adherence to the care of patients with enteral feeding tubes (p<0.001). More specifically, improvements seen were related to appropriate control of expiration dates for syringes (p<0.001), detailed labeling of syringes (date/shift) (p<0.002); and administration of the enteral nutrition bottle with the head elevated to 30 degrees (p=0.022). Conclusion: “CUIDe” campaign improved the adherence to safe practices during the care of patients using enteral feeding tubes.
Autophagy, critical illness and nutrition therapy: a narrative review for non-specialists
Authors: Cunha Haroldo
Published: March 2024

Introduction: In recent years, the concept of autophagy has been incorporated on the lexicon of intensive care unit (ICU) nutrition therapy. Macroautophagy, or simply, autophagy, is a continuous homeostatic process, through which degradation of cytoplasmic components (i.e., damaged organelles, toxic, senescent, or defective protein aggregates) occurs. Methods: Narrative review. Results: The article presents an overview of the topic focusing the interplay among autophagy, nutrition therapy and critical care illness. Conclusions: Although further studies on the interface between autophagy and nutrient supply are needed, nutritional therapy professionals can now reinforce their understanding of their own specialty, considering that their intervention is not limited to the mere supply of fuel for the metabolism, but extends for the induction of biochemical stimuli and signals capable of interfering with critical cellular processes in health and disease.
Program Linus Bahasa Melayu: Beberapa Kelemahan dalam Penilaian dan Cadangan Penambahbaikan
Authors: Kasim Mohamad Rozi
Published: March 2024

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti kelemahan yang terdapat dalam 12 konstruk penilaian kemahiran membaca LINUS bahasa Melayu. Setelah meneliti kelemahan-kelemahan yang wujud, kajian ini memberikan cadangan untuk penambahbaikan konstruk tersebut. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan melibatkan kajian kepustakaan terhadap 12 konstruk penilaian kemahiran membaca LINUS dan mengaplikasikan teori pengsukukataan bahasa Melayu yang diubah suai daripada teori pengsukukataan Goldsmith (2011). Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan terdapat dua kelemahan yang wujud dalam 12 konstruk penilaian tersebut, iaitu penilaian kemahiran membaca suku kata tertutup (Konstruk 4 dan 5), dan penilaian kemahiran membaca konsonan /ng/ (Konstruk 6). Konstruk 4 dan 5 tidak menghuraikan secara jelas bentuk suku kata tertutup yang perlu dikuasai oleh murid, manakala Konstruk 6 sepatutnya dimasukkan dalam konstruk suku kata terbuka atau suku kata tertutup kerana /ng/ merupakan konsonan sama seperti konsonan-konsonan lain. Oleh itu, kajian ini telah memberikan cadangan supaya guru-guru menggunakan Jadual 1 dalam kajian ini yang menyenaraikan kesemua bentuk suku kata tertutup bahasa Melayu. Senarai bentuk suku kata tertutup tersebut akan membantu dan memudahkan guru-guru untuk melakukan proses penilaian dan intervensi kepada murid-murid LINUS. Hal ini sekaligus menyebabkan proses penilaian dan intervensi dapat dilakukan dengan tepat dan berfokus.
Penentuan Tingkat Kekerabatan Dan Abad Pisah Antara Bahasa Melayu Dengan Bahasa Murut Tahol: Penerapan Kaedah Glotokronologi
Authors: Abdul Wahab Mohd Khaidir
Published: March 2024

Etnik Murut mempunyai banyak sub seperti Tahol atau Tagal, Paluan, Baukan, Timugon, Kolod, Naabai, Sembakung, Serudung, Kalabakan dan sebagainya. Masyarakat Murut Tahol merupakan sub yang terbesar dalam kaum Murut. Suku kaum Murut Tahol kebanyakannya menetap di daerah Nabawan suatu daerah pedalaman yang terletak di bahagian selatan negeri Sabah. Kajian ini akan meneliti hubungan kekerabatan dan abad pisah antara bahasa Murut Tahol dengan bahasa Melayu melalui cara penyenaraian kosa kata asas kedua-dua bahasa tersebut dengan menggunakan kaedah perbandingan leksikostatistik dan penerapan kaedah glotokronologi. Kaedah ini dapat menentukan kadar peratusan kata berkerabat dengan cara menghitung jumlah kosa kata berkognat melalui penelitian secara kualitatif aspek retensi dan inovasi. Tinjauan dan penyenaraian kosa kata asas bahasa ini akan memanfaatkan senarai 200 kata Morris Swadesh. Namun begitu, kajian ini hanya meneliti perubahan bahasa dan bukannya bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran bahasa proto kedua-dua bahasa tersebut. Daripada 196 kosa kata yang dibandingkan, terdapat sebanyak 56 kosa kata bahasa Murut Tahol yang menyamai atau berkognat dengan bahasa Melayu. Peratus kekerabatan pula menunjukkan jumlah sebanyak 28.57 peratus. Berdasarkan peratusan kata berkerabat, bahasa Murut Tahol dan bahasa Melayu berada pada tingkat kekerabatan rumpun, iaitu peratus kata kerabat antara 12 hingga 36 peratus (Gudschinsky, 1964) dan peratus kata kerabat antara 24 hingga 45 peratus (Keraf, 1984; Asmah Omar, 2008). Abad pisah antara bahasa Murut Tahol dan bahasa Melayu diandaikan berlaku antara abad ke-8 SM hingga abad ke-13 SM. Oleh itu, kajian ini menjelaskan bahawa kaedah leksikostatistik dan glotokronologi dapat digunakan sebagai satu kaedah yang relevan dalam menentukan tingkat kekerabatan dan lama waktu sesuatu bahasa khususnya bahasa-bahasa Austronesia.
Pengajian Malaysia Dan Penerimaan Bahasa Melayu Di Peringkat Antarabangsa Dalam Era “Wawasan Global”
Authors: Graf Arndt
Published: March 2024

Kertas ini memfokuskan pada hubungan antara Pengajian Malaysia dengan pnerimaan antarabangsa bahasa Melayu pada era “Wawasan Global”. Dengan kebangkitan ekonomi Malaysia sejak 1970an, Pengajian Malaysia menjadi smakin popular di banyak negara. Analisis ini menujukkan bahawa dalam artikel bidang ilmu kemanusiaan dan sains sosial yang diliputi Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection, pengarang dari Malaysia menguasai Pengajian Malaysia, dengan jatah pasaran lebih daripada 86 % pada 2020. Pada masa yang sama, penyelidik dari 117 negara didapati aktif dalam bidang itu. Kertas ini menghujah bahawa inovasi teknologi dalam penyelidikan, khususnya pangkalan data yang mempunyai sifat “Akses Terbuka” dan “Pencarian dalam Teks Penuh”, seperti MyCite, menyumbang pada kerelevanan bahasa Melayu yang semakin meningkat dalam Pengajian Malaysia di peringkat antarabangsa.
Ragam Bahasa Komen Instagram Berkaitan Berita Palsu Situasi Gelombang Kedua Pandemik COVID-19
Authors: Zulkiflee Zulfadzlee
Published: March 2024

Kepelbagaian gaya bahasa wujud dalam media sosial untuk menyampaikan maklumat, mengusulkan pendapat, kritikan bahkan bertujuan mengongsikan ilmu. Negara Brunei Darussalam telah dilanda gelombang kedua penularan wabak COVID-19. Justeru pelbagai isu telah timbul sehingga mencetuskan penyebaran berita palsu dalam media sosial. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk meneliti tentang ragam bahasa yang digunakan dalam media sosial khususnya Instagram berkaitan isu pandemik COVID-19. Kajian ini merupakan kajian berbentuk deskriptif dengan menggunakan kaedah kualitatif. Kajian didasari oleh kerangka konsep ragam bahasa Za’ba (2002) dalam menganalisis data kajian. Kaedah kepustakaan juga telah digunakan sebagai panduan kajian. Data kajian terdiri dari komen-komen netizen berkaitan berita palsu yang tular tentang sekatan pergerakan penuh (full lockdown) dalam akaun Instagram Kementerian Kesihatan Brunei (@mohbrunei). Hasil kajian mendapati sebanyak sembilan ragam bahasa digunakan oleh netizen. Antaranya ialah ragam bahasa sindiran, ragam bahasa melampau dan ragam bahasa berulang. Rumusnya, penggunaan ragam bahasa yang berlainan telah memperlihatkan niat seseorang dalam menyampaikan kata-kata. Di samping itu, media sosial seperti Instagram mempunyai pengaruh yang besar dalam menyampaikan maklumat sekali gus dapat dikenal pasti kepelbagaian ragam bahasa yang digunakan sehingga dapat mengidentifikasi kelompok sosial di sesebuah negara.
Tema Pantun Cocos di Sabah
Authors: Amat Asmiaty , Romtie Isa , Salleh Norhuda
Published: March 2024

Masyarakat Cocos di negeri Sabah merupakan etnik minoriti yang sangat unik dari segi kebudayaan dan bahasanya. Mereka digolongkan dalam kategori etnik bumiputera beragama Islam. Walaupun nama mereka berbunyi agak keinggerisan dan pakaian mereka ada percampuran bangsa Protugis dan Jawa, budaya dan bahasa orang Cocos hampir sama dengan orang Melayu di Tanah Melayu dan mereka juga arif dalam tradisi berpantun. Lenggok pengucapan mereka agak unik kerana ia seolah-olah ada gaya sebutan baba nyonya di Melaka. Kajian Pauline Bunce terhadap pantun orang Cocos di Pulau Cocos (Australia) mendapati bahawa pantun masyarakat Cocos hanya bertema kasih sayang dan hanya dilantunkan ketika tarian Selong dipersembahkan. Oleh itu, kajian ini dilakukan bagi melihat tema pantun Cocos dengan melakukan kajian lapangan di Kampung Balung Cocos dan Kampung Skim Cocos dalam daerah Tawau. Informan yang dipilih terdiri daripada orang Cocos yang berpengalaman dan berpengetahuan tentang budaya dan pantun Cocos. Dapatan kajian dianalisis secara tematik untuk mangkategorikan tema-tema pantun. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa tema pantun orang Cocos mirip dengan pantun masyarakat Melayu di Nusantara. Perbezaannya hanya terletak pada cara pengucapan yang digunakan oleh masyarakat tersebut. Pantun ini juga memperlihatkan percampuran bahasa, iaitu bahasa Melayu, bahasa pasar dan bahasa asing yang lain. Tema-tema yang ditemui ialah tema cinta dan kasih sayang, budi, mengaco (hiburan), mendongkol (kecewa) dan perpisahan, ajaran (nasihat), agama dan tema pantun kongajar (lucah).