bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using directed evolution to increase lipid formation in Chlorella vulgaris for use in biofuels.
Authors: Smythers Amanda L , Holland Aaron , Adkins P Ethan , Kolling Derrick
Published: May 2022

Microalgae, with their ability to grow in adverse environments using a variety of water sources, is an advantageous source of energy that will not compete with food supply. Chlorella vulgaris is a high lipid producing microalgae which research shows has an average of 42 percent dry weight lipid content under nitrogen deprivation. This experiment aims to increase the accumulation of lipids in C. vulgaris through applied natural selection, or directed evolution, to create a modified C. vulgaris culture with increased acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) activity. A less expensive method of genetic engineering, applied natural selection can theoretically be repeated without the constraint of restrictive technology, potentially enabling microalgae users to undergo the process to increase the productivity of industrial microalgae cultures. ACCase is the starting point of the lipid synthesis pathway and cannot be bypassed in the production of triglycerides.In an experiment published by the American History Museum, it was shown that one may use sethoxydim, a member of the cyclohexanedion family of herbicides, to induce the overexpression of ACCase in Nannochloropsis salina, resulting in a sevenfold increase in lipid content. This experiment aims to expand upon this research by measuring the effect of sethoxydim on C. vulgaris and comparing it to the effect of an aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide, a fellow ACCase inhibitor.
In pursuit of a functional personality model.
Authors: Roxby Joseph A , Omelchenko Natalia , Chaudhry Nisha , Nolan Joe
Published: May 2022

The personality of an individual defines the behavioral choices, but the traits that define personality remain uncertain, limiting our ability to create a computable model of a personality and predict behaviors. We proposed a new functional personality model that is defined by four parameters: 1) The hedonic values assigned to different “pleasant” aspect of behavioral outcomes (homeostatic balances, improved social status et cetera); 2) The aversive values of ”unpleasant” aspects (loss of sexual opportunity, potential of injury, loss of monetary reward et cetera); 3) Summation parameters: discounting and dissolution parameters for simultaneously processed hedonic/aversive events; and 4) Threshold: relationship between magnitude of predicted outcome and manifestation of behaviors. We expressed the idea through a mathematical formula, and explored if the model can be improved in the future through testing. Although more research is needed, we believe that the functional model may eventually allow accurate prediction of behavior.
Life history of Cambarus bartonii carinirostris in northern West Virginia.
Authors: Sadecky Luke K , Sadecky Nicole M , Nolan IV E Joseph , Loughman Zachary
Published: May 2022

Crayfishes are essential constituents in maintaining freshwater ecosystems, yet little is known about them. The goal of this study was to better understand the ecology of a common Appalachian secondary burrowing crayfish, Cambarus bartonii carinirostris (Rock Crawfish), by achieving the first complete life history study of this species. Understanding C. b. carinirostris ecology will help aid in conservation and protection of closely related imperiled taxa by discovering unknown biological behaviors of secondary burrowing crayfish. Collections of C. b. carinirostris were conducted in Nettle Run, a first to second–order stream, of West Liberty University’s Campus Woods, Ohio County, West Virginia. Each site represented in the study for a given day and time consisted a 20 meter reach of the stream, where potential habitat within each reach was disrupted and individuals were captured by dip net or by hand. So far, this study has consisted of catching, measuring, sexing, and determining the relative age of each crayfish as well as noting their preferred habitat. Important life history variables such as growth rates, maturity, and other important reproductive patterns can be determined in conjunction with the morphometric measurements of all individuals captured.
Analysis of three alleles of the vestigial gene in Drosophila melanogaster.
Authors: Hull Adam Kendall , Wing David B , Hendrickson Sher L
Published: May 2022

The vestigial wing gene in D. melanogaster is a popular locus used to illustrate classical Mendelian inheritance patterns because the short, crinkled-wing phenotype directed by the vg1 allele is easy to identify. Carolina Biological notes that its stock of vestigial wing flies also has flies with more developed, but still under-developed wings, the more common phenotype being a narrow plank-shaped transparent wing. A line of flies was bred that only displayed the “plank-wing” phenotype. Genetic analysis of the mutant allele, vgpl, showed that it was recessive to the wild-type allele vg+, and mutants displayed variable expressivity. PCR products were generated from all three alleles: the products from wild-type DNA covered the whole gene while products from the mutant DNAs covered about 75% of the gene. The presence of retrotransposon 412 was confirmed in vg1 and also found in vgpl; a reported second large insert in the vg1 remains to be amplified. Sanger DNA sequencing of the first 4,812 bp, beginning 428 bp upstream of the transcription start site revealed allele specific point mutations and small insertions, some specific for each of the vg1 and vgpl alleles. The DNA sequence analysis so far confirmed the partial genetic reversion of the vg1 to a new vgpl allele. When complete, a full DNA sequence analysis should suggest nucleotide changes that cause the new “plank wing” phenotype.This work was funded in part by the Research Challenge Fund through a Summer Undergraduate Research Experience Grant from the West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission Division of Science and Research.
Seasonal Diversity Patterns in Two West Virginia Tardigrade Communities.
Authors: Perkins Jennifer Lynne , Shannon Robynn
Published: May 2022

Tardigrades are microscopic animals living in moss, lichen, and various aquatic environments. Also known as water bears for their bear-like movements, they are arguably the cutest extremophiles there are, able to survive extreme temperatures and the vacuum of space. Species are distinguishable by their unique claws and mouthparts. Tardigrade research is an exciting prospect in West Virginia, as very little research has been conducted and there is much to be discovered about tardigrades around the state. In 1989, Donald Tarter and his students from Marshall University published the first records of tardigrade species in West Virginia, but little to no research has been performed to add to their findings. In collaboration with NASA’s WV Space Grant Program and researchers at Baker University in Kansas, a year-long population study on tardigrades is being conducted that focuses on the response of tardigrade density to seasonal changes in precipitation and temperature. Two sites, Valley Falls State Park and a private residence in Bruceton Mills, WV, are sampled twice a month. Moss is collected from rocks at these sites and examined under a microscope to count the number of tardigrades present. Data have been collected since July of 2016, and the experiment will continue until May of 2017. Data has shown high levels of variability in tardigrade density, with little correlation to temperature and precipitation data.  It is suspected that we have observed seasonal hatching events, as upwards of 3000 tardigrades have been found in less than a gram of moss on several occasions.
An evaluation in the quality of forensic analysis on blood samples contaminated with chlorinated bleach.
Authors: Coleman Kayla Marie , Flood Mark
Published: May 2022

Earlier scientific work has shown that household chlorinated bleach can have a negative impact on the analysis of blood samples in forensic science applications. The goal of this study was to determine if the presence of chlorinated bleach had a negative impact in blood identification, blood typing, and DNA analysis. The methods used to test for the impact of bleach on blood samples were divided into three stages. First, the samples were observed when sprayed with luminol in a darkened room. Second, the samples underwent ABO forward and reverse blood-typing. Third, DNA was extracted from the blood samples, underwent PCR, and were analyzed through gel electrophoresis. The luminol analysis results showed that the greatest observable chemiluminescence was exhibited by blood samples that contained the most concentrated bleach solutions (100% and 50%, respectively), while the least luminescence was seen in the samples mixed with 10% bleach solution and the control. In regards to ABO blood-typing, only the controls and trial 1 with the 10% bleach solution showed any signs of agglutination. Lastly, the gel images produced through electrophoresis showed bands for most of the samples. Those that were mixed with 100% bleach were noted as being extremely faint, while the control and samples mixed with 10% bleach were most noticeable. Based on the data collected and observed, household bleach does have a negative impact on the analysis of human blood, and thus interferes with forensic work.
Microplate Analysis of 31 carbon sources for people effected/uneffected by migraines.
Authors: Greeley Bruce Vince , Yeager Phillip
Published: May 2022

The objective of the study was to observe any micro bacterial differences in the mouth between people who were chronic sufferers of migraines and people who said they did not suffer from migraines. Differences were observed with an Ecolog plate that contained 3 replicates of 31 carbon sources that the bacteria could use to grow. The participants of the study started by filling out a short questionnaire for basic quantitative data. Mouth swabs were then taken of volunteering participants and placed into centrifuge tubes filled with 8 mL of 1% PBS buffer and then vortexed. The sample was emptied into a pipette tray and had 50 microliters pipetted into each of the 96 wells of the Ecolog Plate. The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius for 3 days, and were read at 590 nanometers using a Biotek Microplate Reader.   The analyzed data of the microplates showed that migraine sufferers had higher absorbance values of γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid growing bacteria at 0.189667 ± 0.173711. Compared to people unaffected by migraines the values were 0.059863 ± 0.07651. It was also observed that people who suffer from migraines had low absorbance values of D-Galacturonic Acid growing bacteria at 0.003933 ± 0.006643. This was considered low when compared to the values of 0.056392 ± 0.180113 for the people unaffected by migraines. It was concluded that migraine sufferers have a different mouth micro bacteria make up that makes them more susceptible to migraine headaches.
Blood Pressure Variations During the Day
Authors: Anderson Dylan Thomas , Ierulli Joseph , Oddo Thanna , Blackwell Colin , Kuhns Chad , Omelchenko Natalia
Published: May 2022

Changes in blood pressure/pulse reflect the body ability to adapt to changes in the environment. The aim of the project is to evaluate the changes in the blood pressure/pulse during the day and compare magnitude of changes in blood pressure across different individuals. Male and female volunteers (19-23 years old) who have not been diagnosed/experienced health conditions that modify blood pressure (including no Rx or OTC medications), were provided with a personal digital blood pressure monitor. For the next 3-4 days, they measured their own blood pressure about every 2-3 hours (night time excluding). The subjects also recorded some basic information about the daily routine (meals (time, description), exercise activities (time, intensity), class/exam schedules (time, stress levels related to quizzes/exams)), and the measures completed within 30 min of an event that may increase blood pressure were excluded from analysis. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated for each individual for different time points of the day. A mathematical model was used to determine the daily high point of the blood pressure. After that, the data was compared across all days and all individuals. We believe that our analysis of daily changes in blood pressure may provide us with important insight regarding human evolution. Indeed, a daily peak of blood pressure is likely to coincide with preferential time for hunts for hominids. The data can also have important biomedical significance as they determine time of the day when individuals have the highest blood pressure measures.
Effects of Roundup and its constituents on the Aromatase protein in the steroidogenic pathway of L. palustris
Authors: Sreekumar Shruthi , Nolan Colleen J , Plautz Carol Zygar
Published: May 2022

Roundup is an agricultural herbicide that is composed of chemicals that have been linked to alterations in steroidogenesis and reproduction.  We have observed altered reproductive activity in the hermaphroditic pond snail Lymnaea palustris following exposure to Roundup and its constituents, glyphosate and diquat dibromide (DD; Arumuganathan et al. 2016). Since steroid hormones are key players in reproduction, we also investigated alterations in sex hormone abundance.  A second study found testosterone was decreased following exposure to Roundup, while concentrations of estradiol varied after chronic exposure to glyphosate and DD (Phillips et al. 2016).  The steroidogenic enzyme Aromatase (P450AROM) converts testosterone into estradiol.  We hypothesize that Roundup or its constituents may be altering the activity or abundance of Aromatase which in turn affects the amounts of testosterone and estradiol present in L. palustris; these altered levels of reproductive hormones may contribute to the alterations in fecundity.  To observe if Aromatase is targeted by Roundup constituents in the steroidogenic pathway of L. palustris, we exposed snails to glyphosate (3.5 mg/L) or DD (0.14 mg/L) for one to three weeks.  Following treatments, the ovotestis, brain, and kidneys were harvested and prepared for protein analysis, and analyzed for aromatase abundance by Western Blotting.   This work was funded in part by the Research Challenge Fund through a Summer Undergraduate Research Experience Grant from the West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission Division of Science and Research.
Penerapan Teori Vygotsky dalam Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Rahmawati Fandhila Aprilia , Purwaningrum Jayanti Putri
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penyusunan artikel mengenai teori Vygotsky pada pembelajaran matematika merupakan pemebelajaran generatif, yaitu tindakan mencipta sesuatu makna menurut apa yg dipelajari. Penilaian menjadi poin penting, akan tetapi metode yang mengaitkan aturan serta prosedur pada pembelajaranpun adalah poin penting. Dalam proses belajar, output belajar, cara belajar, dan taktik belajar akan menghipnotis perkembangan rapikan pikir dan skema berpikir seseorang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyusunan artikel ini adalah studi literatur mengenai Teori Vygotsky dalam Pembelajaran Matematika. Penelitian kepustakaan (Library research) merupakan serangkaian penelitian yang berkenaan dengan metode pengumpulan data pustaka, atau penelitian yang objek penelitiannya digali melalui beragam informasi kepustakaan (buku,ensikolpedia, dokumen, dan jurnal ilmiah). Lev Semenovich Vygotsky merupakan tokoh penting dalam konstruktivisme sosial. Vygotsky menyatakan bahwa siswa dalam mengkonstruksi suatu konsep perlu memperhatikan lingkungan sosial. Konsep penting dalam teori Vygotsky, yaitu Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) merupakan jarak antara tingkat perkembangan aktual dan tingkat perkembangan potensial dan scaffolding merupakan pemberian bantuan kepada siswa selama tahap-tahap awal pembelajaran. Aplikasi pemikiran Vygotsky untuk mempelajari matematika menumbuhkan pemahaman matematika dari koneksi pemikiran dengan bahasa matematika yang baru dalam mengkreasipengetahuan. Mengkonstruksi pengetahuan merupakan fokus yang krusial dari pembelajaran Matematika. Vygotsky percaya bahwa siswa belajar untuk menggunakan bahasa baru dengan internalisasi pengetahuan dari kata yang mereka katakan, pengembangan budaya siswa dari pengetahuan kata dua proses fungsi. yaitu pada tingkat sosial dan pada tingkat individual.
Systematic Literature Review: Etnomatematika pada Rumah Adat
Authors: Nurfauziah Nurfauziah , Putra Aan
Published: May 2022

Perlunya inovasi terbaru dalam proses pembelajaran matematika sangatlah penting, agar dapat menciptakan suasana belajar yang menyenangkan dan meningkatkan kemampuan belajar siswa. Salah satu hal yang bisa dilakukan ialah mengaitkan pembelajaran matematika dengan suatu budaya tertentu yaitu rumah adat. Kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai konsep matematika terhadap suatu budaya dan kehidupan masyarakat membuat proses pembelajaran hanya terpaku sebatas teori di sekolah saja padahal banyak konsep matematika yang bisa kita temui. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk melakukan sebuah kajian literatur mengenai etnomatematika pada rumah adat, dan metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah SLR (Systematic Literature Review). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mendata artikel-artikel terkait etnomatematika pada rumah adat yang diterbitkan dalam rentang waktu 2015 sampai 2021. Artikel yang digunakan dalam penelitian sebanyak 18 artikel nasional terakreditasi yang diperoleh dari Google Scholar dengan menggunakan aplikasi Publish or Peris. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan bahwa terbukti adanya aktivitas etnomatematika dalam setiap rumah adat yang mampu meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran.
Systematic Literatur Riview : Eksplorasi Etnomatematika pda Bangunan Candi
Authors: Puspitasari Renza , Putra Aan
Published: May 2022

Budaya merupakan salah satu media yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan pembelajaran matematika. Bangunan candi merupakan salah satu peninggalan kebudayaan yang dapat dijadikan sebagai media pembelajarn matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian literatur terkait dengan konsep matematika yang terdapat di dalam bangunan candi. Metode penelitian ini adalah SLR (Systematic Literatur Review). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mendokumentasi dan merevieu semua artikel terkait Eksplorasi Bangunan Candi yang diterbitkan dalam kurun waktu 2018-2020. Artikel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berjumlah 10 artikel jurnal nasional terakreditasi yang diperoleh dari database Google Schoolar. Berdasarkan penelitian ini ditemukan berbagai konsep matematika dalam bangunan candi, terutama konsep geometri. Dengan adanya konsep matematika di Bangunan Candi, maka guru dapat menggunakan Candi sebagai media belajar matematika.

Kata Kunci : Budaya, Etnomatematika, Candi
Implikasi Pentingnya Pelaksanaan Disiplin Gereja
Authors: Andre A , Susanto S
Published: May 2022

In the development of the church today, the problem that arises is the confusion of people who sin, the church seems to ignore the implementation of church discipline. This neglect is wrong attitude, because it does not carry out church discipline that means the church allows a person to fall into sin the reason of fear for making the person offended even though this kind of attitude makes the person's spiritual growth die. Death spiritual growth will become the root of the problem in the church and have an adverse effect on other congregations, therefore church leaders must be brave in making decisions. The method used in this paper is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The results of this study indicate that church discipline is very important in correcting mistakes so that the congregation can live righteously according to God's Word. The church needs to be brave in taking decisions in carrying out church discipline, and must not neglect the implementation of church discipline, because church discipline is God's command according to the truth of God's Word.
Doa Puasa Dan Manfaatnya Terhadap Kehidupan Orang Percaya
Authors: Nahaklay Demianus
Published: May 2022

Doa puasa adalah merupakan sarana penting dalam meningkatkan iman serta mendekatkan diri kepada Tuhan sebagai pencipta. Kesulitan serta tantangan dari waktu ke waktu  turut  mendorong   manusia untuk mencari bagaimana terciptanya suatu hidup yang bahagia serta terlepas dari tekanan dan penderitaan. Banyak orang percaya yang masih dangkal pemahamannya terhadap manfaat doa puasa, sehingga sangat sedikit yang berminat menjalankannya.  Secara faktual Alkitab memberikan referensi keteladanan para tokoh Alkitab yang mencapai hidup yang berkemenangan  karena menjadikan doa puasa sebagai gaya hidup. Doa puasa   yang dijalankan bukan hanya  meningkatkan keintiman dengan Tuhan semata, melainkan sangat  manfaat untuk kesehatan fisik, kesehatan psikis, dan juga dapat memupuk solidaritas sosial, serta dapat meningkatkan  spiritualitas manusia.
Kebenaran Menang Atas Kejahatan: Tinjauan Reflektif Terhadap 1 Samuel 17
Authors: Nggebu Sostenis
Published: May 2022

This article explains that truth always reigns over evil. In the text of 1 Samuel 17 tells about Yahweh's war against evil people symbolized by the Philistines and Goliaths. The author uses the literature study method to compile this paper. In his discussion it is clear that God has acted through David to achieve this victory. The Philistines who opposed God, ridiculed and despised the Israelites as a form of resistance from the power of evil had been conquered by David as a symbol of Christ disarming the power of evil. Thus evil should have no place in the life of the believer. For God has given believers spiritual armor to resist the attacks and deceptions of the Evil One. Evil has been defeated by Christ, so those who believe in Him are called to be pioneers of righteousness on earth. Believers' lives should reflect the love of Christ who has reconciled themselves to God. AbstrakArtikel ini menjelaskan tentang kebenaran senantiasa berkuasa atas kejahatan.  Dalam teks 1 Samuel 17 mengetengahkan tentang peperangan Yahweh terhadap orang-orang yang jahat yang dilambangkan oleh bangsa Filistin dan Goliat. Penulis menggunakan metode studi literatur untuk menyusun karya tulis ini. Dalam pembahasannya tampak jelas bahwa Tuhan telah bertindak melalui Daud untuk meraih kemenangan tersebut. Orang Filistin yang menentang Allah, mencemooh dan merendahkan orang orang Israel sebagai bentuk perlawanan dari kuasa kejahatan telah ditaklukan Daud sebagai lambang dari Kristus yang melucuti kekuasaan kejahatan. Dengan demikian kejahatan semestinya tidak memiliki tempat dalam hidup orang percaya. Sebab Tuhan telah memberikan perlengkapan senjata rohani bagi orang percaya untuk melawan serangan dan tipuan dari Si Jahat. Kejahatan telah dikalahkan Kristus maka orang yang percaya kepada-Nya dipanggil untuk menjadi pelopor kebenaran di muka bumi. Hidup orang percaya seyogianya mencerminkan kasih Kristus yang telah mendamaikan diri mereka dengan Allah.
The Bible's Encouragement to Be Active Implementing Learning Planning
Authors: Ariefin Dwi
Published: May 2022

Planning is an activity that also determines the success of learning. Planning activities in the practical form of compiling learning tools, such as syllabus, RPS, or RPP, cannot be ignored. The teachers have been trained, directed and even supervised to do so. However, some Christian teachers are not necessarily willing to do it diligently. For those who have not or who have done, need to be strengthened with a stronger encouragement. The Bible is the authoritative Word of God and can be a source of encouragement for every Christian, including Christian teachers. Therefore, it is necessary to find Bible truths that are relevant to planning. Excavated Bible passages, especially those relevant to the topic. After investigation, found truths that are ready to be applied; that the planning is: 1) Needs to be done; 2) It is necessary to ask for God's participation in carrying it out; 3) Need to be implemented properly; 4) the activity is closed with submission to God's will. Christian teachers who value the authority of the Bible will pay attention to and obey God's Word to do well in lesson planning.
Thyroid Aspiration Overview in the Diagnosis of Suspicious Malignancy (Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma)
Authors: Chendrasari Julian , Rahmiati  , Hamdani Chairil
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThyroid carcinoma is the most common malignancy in the endocrine system. Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) is a preliminaryexamination to detect thyroid neoplasms. One of FNAB diagnostic category according to Bethesda is Suspicious for Malignancy(SFM). This study was conducted to assess the cytology feature of SFM category and its concordance with histopathologic result.MethodsThis retrospective study is a descriptive categoric study with cross sectional design of 40 samples. Secondary datas were arsip inlaboratory of Anatomical Pathology of FKUI/RSCM collected on 2015 diagnosa as suspect for malignancy of tiroid based onhistopathologic result.ResultsThe histopathological results of SFM were: PTC 20 cases (50%), Hurthle cell carcinoma 2 cases (5%), adenomatous goitre withPTC focus 11 cases (27%), adenomatous goitre with atypical cell 1 case (2%), adenomatous goitre 4 cases (10%), follicularadenoma 1 case (3%), Hashimoto's thyroiditis with atypical cell 1 case (3%). Positive predictive value was 82.5% with 94% ofmalignancies were papillary type. Cytology feature of SFM specimen: cellularity moderate (57.5%), macrofollicular (67.5%), nuclearchange powdery chromatin (85%). Giant cell were 18 cases (45%, cytoplasmic were 20 cases (50%), bubble gum colloid were, 9cases (22.5%).ConclusionMost of SFM specimen have malignant histopathologic result, especially papillary type. The positive predictive value of the SFMcategory is quite high, but there is still disconcordance on histopathologic results.
Green Tea Extract Reduces Rat Lung Fibrotic
Authors: Desdiani  , Iris Rengganis  , Samsuridjal Djauzi  , Agus Setiyono  , Mohammad Sadikin  , Sri Widia A. Jusman  , Nurjati Chairani Siregar  , Suradi  , Putri C. Eyanoer
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPulmonary fibrosis is often found in infectious diseases and chemical exposure in the work environment. Antifibrotic effects can befibropreventive and fibrolysis. Bleomycin can cause inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. Catechin is proven can repair liverdamages due to alcohol induction. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of antifibrotic green tea catechin on reducing thearea of rat lung fibrotic.MethodsThis research was carried out in vivo experimentally in the Laboratory Animal Management Unit at Faculty of Veterinary MedicineIPB in 4 groups of rat experiments, consisting of 3 rats in the negative control group, 3 rats in the positive control group, 3 rats in thegroup of rats given bleomycin on the 8th day and 28thwith green tea extract every day from day 0 to 49 days (fibropreventive), 3groups of rats given bleomycin days 0 and 21 with green tea extract every day from day 15 to 49 (fibrolysis). Histopathologicalexamination was performe for all groups of rats.ResultsThis study showed that administration of green tea extract in fibropreventive groups and fibrolysis groups could reduce the fibrosisarea in rat lungs based on Aschroft's modified scale.ConclusionBased on the results of this study it was found that the anti-fibrotic activity of green tea extract was proven to be able to suppressthe development of pulmonary fibrosis both by fibropreventive and fibrolysis
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and their role in breast carcinoma
Authors: Ditha Diana  , Kusmardi
Published: May 2022

Infiltration of T lymphocyte cells in tumor tissue is a good prognosis in cancer patients. The infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL) tumor is the phenotype of CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes that infiltrate tumors. TIL can have abeneficial effect as well as a detrimental effect on breast carcinoma. There are three subtypes of T lymphocytes thatinfiltrate tumors which are T-helper (Th), T-citotoxic (Tc) and T-regulators (Treg). The role of Th lymphocytes in tumorimmunity can be divided into three phases, that are the initial induction phase, the phase maintaining the Tc responseas an effector and the memory formation phase. Th lymphocytes will secrete cytokines that can stimulate tumor cellsto increase the expression of MHC class I molecules, so that it will further optimize the function of Tc lymphocyticcytotoxicity which has the most dominant role in cytolytic tumor cells. Treg lymphocytes effectively suppressantitumor responses from Tc lymphocytes and other immune cells so that they can facilitate tumor development. Inbreast carcinoma, Treg lymphocytes have a different influence on each of the cancer subtypes.
An Accuracy Comparison of SOX10 with DOG1 Immunohistochemistry in Diagnosing Acinic Cell Carcinoma of Salivary Gland in Paraffin Tissue Samples
Authors: Ricky Handika  , Ika Dhuhani  , Nur Rahadiani
Published: May 2022

BackgroundMorphological diversity is a challenge in establishing diagnosis of malignant tumor originated from salivary gland, especially Aciniccell carcinoma (ACC). Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining using DOG1 is often used to help diagnosis of ACC. Lately, IHC SOX10has been reported to have almost the same accuracy to DOG1 staining. This evidence-based case report aims to determine theaccuracy of SOX10 to DOG1 immunohistocheinstry staining in establishing a diagnosis of ACC.MethodsLiterature searches were carried out on the Pubmed, Clinical key, Proquest, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink and Wileydatabases. Two journals were relevant to the clinical scenario, then a critical review is carried out using the Diagnostic StudyAppraisal Worksheet from the Center for Evidence-based Medicine, University of Oxford, 2010.ResultsThe accuracy of SOX10 in diagnosing ACC was slightly better than DOG1, with sensitivity reaching 100% and specificity reaching87.76%. The sensitivity of SOX10 and DOG1 is the same, but SOX10 is more specific, and positive predictive value is also betterthan DOG1.ConclusionThe accuracy of SOX10 is better than DOG1 in diagnosing ACC of salivary gland. However, the intensity of SOX10 staining tends tobe rather low compared to DOG1. Therefore, further research is still needed to recommend SOX10 staining in daily practice.
Case Report and Literature Review: Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath
Authors: Timotius Benedict Djitro  , Dyonesia Ary Haryanti  , Kidyarto Suryawinata  , Iwan Irawan Karman
Published: May 2022

BackgroundGiant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS) is the 2nd most common tumor in the hand but is relatively rare ineveryday practice. The tumor has a tendency to develop in women aged 30-50 years and has no specific symptoms.This characteristic made GCTTS difficult to distinguish clinically from other tumor occurring mainly in the hand. Inaddition, high recurrence rate also made these tumors often reappear despite having been excised. As such,preoperative histopathologic examination is important in enforcing the diagnosis so that appropriate steps can betaken to suppress the recurrence rate of this tumor
The Effect of Myrmecodia pendans Ethanol Extract on Blood Vessels Within Pulpitis (Study on Sprague Dawley Rats)
Authors: Janti Sudiono  , Patricia Revana
Published: May 2022

Sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendans) is one of traditional herbs used to treat various diseases. Myrmecodia pendanscontain chemical compound flavonoid which has anti inflammation effects. Pulpitis is a dental pulp inflammation thatcan be caused by bacteria invasion, physical trauma or iatrogenic factor which affecting blood vessels in dental pulp.This research is an in vivo laboratory experimental pre and post treatment with control. The purpose of this study is tofind out the effects of Myrmecodia pendans ethanol extract on blood vessels appearance of Sprague Dawley rats’dental pulps which had been inducted with 0,01ml Porphyromonas gingivalis for 48 hours. The subjects were dividedinto 3 groups with Group I representing the negative control, group II representing treated group with Myrmecodiapendans ethanol extract, and group III representing positive control with Ca(OH)2. Group II and III were divided intosubgroups based on the treatment periods of 48, 96, 168, 336 hours. The statistic results showed that there weresignificant differences (p<0.05) among the pulpitis, negative control, positive control Ca(OH)2 and the Myrmecodiapendans treatment subgroups of 48, 96, 168, 336 hours. Myrmecodia pendans ethanol extract has comparable antiinflammation effect with Ca(OH)2 which is used to pulpitis commercial medicament.
Analysis of Immunoexpression of Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and Proliferation Index Ki-67 on Diffuse Astrocytic Tumours (DAT)
Authors: Lubis Billy Parulian , Agustina Hasrayanti , Usman Hermin Aminah , Hernowo Bethy Surjawathy , Sri Suryanti  , Faried Ahmad , Bolly Hendrikus
Published: May 2022

BackgroundDiffuse astrocytic tumours (DAT) is a diffuse infiltrative astrocytoma tumor accompanied by molecular parameters in the form or absence ofIsocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutations. The DAT category without the examination of the IDH gene mutation is classified as NotOtherwise Specified (NOS). Ki-67 is a marker for DAT proliferation so that it can assess the degree of DAT. Diffuse astrocytic tumoursbehavior is influenced by proliferative ability and the presence of a tumor microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment PD-L1 factorinfluences DAT behavior and allows the development of target therapy in DAT cases. This study aimed to analyze the relationship betweenPD-L1 and Ki-67 imunoexpression in the histopathological degree of DAT.MethodsCross-sectional study of 30 paraffin blocks of DAT NOS cases from 2014-2018 in the Department of Anatomical Pathology RSUP dr. HasanSadikin, Bandung. The sample consisted of 15 cases of grade II, 7 cases of grade III and 8 cases of grade IV, carried outimmunohistochemical staining with GFAP, PD-L1 and Ki-67. Assessment of PD-L1 immunoexpression was carried out by the histoscoremethod. The Ki-67 assessment was assessed based on its distribution, which was <10% and ≥10%. PD-L1 and Ki-67 immunoexpressionwith histopathological degrees in DAT were statistically analyzed by Kolmogorof Smirnov test, however association betweenimmunoexpression of PD-L1 and Ki-67 were analyzed by chi-square test.ResultsThere was a significant relationship between PD-L1 immunoexpression and histopathological degree in DAT (p=0.005). There was asignificant relationship between Ki-67 immunoexpression and DAT histopathology degree and with PD-L1 (p=0.001 and p=0.010).ConclusionPD-L1 immunoexpression and proliferation rates affect the degree of DAT. Proliferation rate of DAT is influenced by PD-L1 so that in thisstudy, PD-L1 and Ki-67 can be used as a marker of prognosis predictors.
Upaya Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Opini Menggunakan Pendekatan Konstruktivisme Bermedia LKPD
Authors: Sari Triana Hesti
Published: May 2022

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis opini melalui pendekatan konstruktivisme bermedia LKPD di kelas XII SMA Negeri 5 Kota Jambi, Provinsi Jambi. Sebagaimana tersurat dalam tujuan, penelitian tindakan kelas ini bersubjek 15 dari 18 siswa kelas XII IPS.3 SMA Negeri 5 Kota Jambi, Provinsi Jambi. Untuk mengumpulkan data keterampilan menulis opini digunakan tes tertulis keterampilan menulis opini berbentuk esai. Tes ini memenuhi syarat validitas isi. Proses evaluasi akhir belajar menggunakan sistem take home examination. Untuk mengumpulkan data proses pembelajaran keterampilan menulis opini melalui pendekatan konstruktivisme bermedia LKPD digunakan pedoman observasi untuk guru dan untuk siswa. Untuk menjamin kelancaran pembelajaran aspek materi pembelajaran digunakan media LKPD yang memuat 2 contoh teks opini. Untuk menjamin proses pembelajaran yang sistematis disusun RPP yang berpandu kepada media LKPD. Data keterampilan menulis opini dianalisis menggunakan prosedur statistik deskriptif. Prosedur penghitungan yang dipakai hanya rata-rata hitung, skor minimal, skor maksimal, dan modus. Data proses pembelajaran dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa adanya 9 siswa (60,00 persen) tuntas pada siklus pertama. Semua siswa yang belum tuntas di siklus pertama ditemukan tuntas di siklus kedua.
Keefektifan Metode Model Teknik Tugas Menyalin dalam Pembelajaran Pengetahuan Menulis Artikel Ilmiah bagi Mahasiswa Baru
Authors: Damayanti Welsi
Published: May 2022

Penelitian quasi-eksperimen ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan metode model teknik tugas menyalin dalam pembelajaran pengetahuan menulis artikel ilmiah bagi mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan pretest-postes satu bidikan; tanpa kelompok kontrol. Populasi berjumlah 35 dari 40 mahasiswa yang hadir saat kuliah. Sampel ditetapkan sebanyak 33 mahasiswa yang diasari atas pendapat Slavin. Untuk mengumpulkan data pengetahuan menulis artikel ilmiah digunakan teknik tes pilihan ganda pengetahuan menulis artikel ilmiah menggunakan fasilitas google form. Tes ini memenuhi syarat validitas isi. Disediakan sejenis Lembar Kegiatan Mahasiswa yang berisi materi pengetahuan prinsip menulis artikel ilmiah dan 2 contoh artikel ilmiah yang dijadikan teknik tugas menyalin bagi mahasiswa. Data pengetahuan menulis artikel ilmiah dianalisis secara statistik inferensial parametrik yakni prosedur uji t satu sampel untuk menjawab masalah pertama dan masalah kedua. Untuk masalah ketiga, analisis menggunakan prosedur uji t sampel berpasangan. Semua prosedur statistik dihitung menggunakan fasilitas SPSS. Nilai uji t satu sampel untuk masalah pertama sebesar -22,964 pada nilai sig. = 0,00 < p = 0,05 pada dk 32 sehingga Ho ditolak. Karenanya, ditemukan hasil prates pengetahuan menulis artikel berkategori sangat rendah. Nilai t satu sampel untuk masalah kedua sebesar 1,143 pada sig 0,262 > p = 0,05 sehingga Ho diterima. Karenanya, ditemukan hasil postes pengetahuan menulis artikel berkategori tinggi selaras dengan nilai pembanding yang tinggi. Nilai t sampel berpasangan sebesar 37,030 pada nilai sig. = 0,00 < p = 0,05 sehingga Ho ditolak. Dengan demikian, metode model teknik tugas menyalin efektif dipakai dalam pembelajaran pengetahuan menulis artikel ilmiah.
Keterbacaan dan Kelogisan Cerita Humor ‘Tangga Sakti’ menurut Penilaian Mahasiswa Indonesia dan Thailand
Authors: Padaameen Sawawee , Pauji Resa Restu , Hassan Nik Rakib Nik
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keterbacaan cerita humor ‘Tangga Sakti’ menurut penilaian mahasiswa yang berbahasa Indonesia atau berbahasa Melayu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di bulan April 2022. Populasi berjumlah 412 mahasiswa. Jumlah ini terbagi dari 338 mahasiswa Indonesia dan 74 mahasiswa Thailand yang submit kuesioner melalui fasilitas google form. Sampel ditetapkan 203 mahasiswa yang terbagi dari 166 untuk kelompok mahasiswa Indonesia dan 37 mahasiswa untuk kelompok mahasiswa Thailad. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner melalui fasilitas google form. Data keterbacaan dan data kelogisan teks menurut penilaian mahasiswa dianalisis menggunakan prosedur statistik deskriptif yakni prinsip modus. Data hubungan keterbacaan cerita humor ‘Tangga Sakti’ menurut penilaian antara mahasiswa Indonesia dan mahasiswa Thailand dianalis menggunakan prosedur statistik inferensial nonparametrik yakni korelasi kontingensi. Prosedur statistik inferensial nonparametrik ini juga berlaku untuk analisis data kelogisan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa keterbacaan cerita humor ‘Tangga Sakti’ menurut penilaian mahasiswa berkategori mudah; hubungan antara penilaian mahasiswa Indonesia dan Thailand menghasilkan nilai rk = 0,20 (derjad hubungan sangat rendah). Kelogisan cerita humor ‘Tangga Sakti’ menurut penilaian mahasiswa berkategori tidak logis; hubungan antara penilaian mahasiswa Indonesia dan Thailand menghasilkan nilai rk = 0,17 (derjad hubungan sangat rendah).
PERSEPSI PASIEN DAN KELUARGA TERHADAP ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN YANG DIBERIKAN OLEH MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT ADVENT BANDUNG
Authors: Lina Herliana  , Untung Sudharmono
Published: May 2022

The Problem: This research is motivated by the importance of patient perception to improve the dimensions of service quality and nursing care. Method: the study design used descriptive quantitative using percentage calculation. The population in this study was patients who were being treated in inpatient department at Bandung Adventist Hospital, and totaling 30 patients taken with a purposive sampling technique. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire on patient satisfaction with student nursing care consisting of 13 statements Result: Overall, the patient's perception of students nursing care was 87%. This value indicates that nursing care provided by nursing students to patients is in the good category. Even though, if calculated based on each statement, the statement item "students introduce themselves before providing services" has the lowest percentage value of 73%, this value is in the moderate category. Follow up: The results of this study were submitted to the education department, so that nursing students could be guided to maintain and improve the good grades that had been obtained, as well as provide guidance and supervision of the low and low scores obtained.
PENGALAMAN TENAGA KEFARMASIAN DALAM MENGIDENTIFIKASI RESEP OBAT DARI DOKTER DENGAN KEUNIKAN PENULISANNYA
Authors: Yovita Tri Katarina
Published: May 2022

Tulisan tangan yang tertera pada resep dokter menjadi unik dikarenakansering ditemui tulisan tangan yang tidak terbaca khususnya bagi orangawam yang tidak terbiasa membaca tulisan tersebut. Tenaga kefarmasianmerupakan salah satu yang sangat bergantung pada resep pada saatmenyelesaikan pekerjaannya. Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentangpengalaman tenaga kefarmasian pada saat mengidentifikasi resep obat daridokter dengan keunikan penulisannya. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahuibagaimana tenaga kefarmasian mengidentifikasi resep obat dari dokterdengan keunikan penulisannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalahkualitatif dengan perspektif fenomenologi dengan teknik pengumpulan datamenggunakan wawancara dan observasi. Sedangkan teknik analisa datamenggunakan Miles dan Huberman dengan teknik validitas datamenggunakan perpanjangan keikutsertaan. Subyek penelitian ini adalah 8tenaga kefarmasian yang bekerja di rumah sakit yang dipilih berdasarkanteknik purposif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa identifikasi resepobat dari dokter dengan keunikan penulisannya dilakukan melalui proseskomunikasi intrapersonal dan interpersonal baik dengan sesama tenagakefarmasian maupun dengan dokter.
UJI KADAR AIR JAMU SERBUK PENURUN BERAT BADAN YANG BEREDAR DI E-MARKETPLACE
Authors: Ellen Stephanie Rumaseuw  , Febriaryanti Aritonang
Published: May 2022

Anak muda saat ini lebih menyukai menurunkan berat badan dengan cara instan misalnya dengan mengkonsumsi jamu serbuk yang dijual di pasaran daripada berolahraga rutin dan menjaga pola makan. Jamu serbuk penurun berat badan mudah didapatkan dari layanan e-marketplace yang dapat dibeli secara online. Pemerintah sendiri mengeluarkan peraturan Kepala BPOM Nomor 32 Tahun 2019 tentang Persyaratan Keamanan dan Mutu Obat Tradisional yang menyatakan bahwa setiap obat tradisional harus memiliki batas nilai kadar air ≤ 10%. Pengujian kadar air dilakukan pada produk jamu serbuk karena jumlah kadar air yang melebihi nilai persyaratan maksimum menyebabkan kerusakan pada jamu serbuk oleh adanya fermentasi jamur dan adanya mikroba yang mengakibatkan daya tahan jamu serbuk dalam penyimpanan menurun. Tujuan penelitin ini bertujuan mengetahui nilai kadar air produk jamu serbuk penurun berat badan yang beredar di e-marketplace sesuai dengan ketentuan BPOM. Metode penetapan kadar air menggunakan gravimetri pada 9 produk jamu serbuk penurun berat badan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai rerata kadar air lima sampel jamu bermerek sebesar 0,33%; 3,78%;6,86%; 7,85%; dan 5,39%. Sedangkan nilai rerata kadar air empat sampel jamu tidak bermerek sebesar 5,71%; 4,10%; 5,52% dan 0,53%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa 9 produk jamu serbuk penurun berat badan yang beredar di e-marketplace memenuhi persyaratan BPOM.
Pengaruh Modernisasi Administrasi Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Dalam Pelaporan SPT (Studi Empiris Pada KPP PRATAMA Medan Petisah)
Authors: Lubis Henny Zurika , Hidayat M Arief
Published: May 2022

Tujuan_Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sistem administrasi perpajakan modern terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi dalam pelaporan SPT Tahunan di KPP Pratama Medan Petisah. Berdasarkan data bahwa kesadaran dan kepatuhan wajib pajak yang masih rendah dikarenakan mereka belum melaporkan Surat Pemberitahuan (SPT) tahunannya, dimana melaporkan SPT merupakan salah satu kewajiban para wajib pajak yang telah diatur dalam undang-undang perpajakan.Metode/Desain_Adapun metode penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan penelitian asosiatif, dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang diberikan kepada 100 responden Dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan statistic deskriptif, uji reliabiltas dan validitas, uji asumsi klasik serta pengujian hipotesis dengan regresi linear sederhanaTemuan_Berdasarkan hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa nilai thitung > ttabel yaitu 7,329 > 1,984 sehingga hipotesis diterima, artinya bahwa ada pengaruh modernisasi sistem administrasi perpajakan dan kepatuhan wajib pajakJenis Penelitian_Studi Empiris
Customer Relationship Management Dan Loyalitas Konsumen Pada PT Shafira Laras Persada
Authors: . Supriyadi , Melanta Winda
Published: May 2022

PT Shafira Laras Persada merupakan salah satu pemegang merek busana muslim di Indonesia. Pihak manajemen membuat banyak program untuk mempertahankan pelanggannya, melalui CRM. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh CRM terhadap loyalitas pelanggan baik secara simultan maupun parsial pada PT. Shafira Laras Persada.

Penelitian yang digunakan adalah asosiatif dengan pendekatan metode survey. Penentuan sampel data menggunakan metode sampling insidental. Unit analisisnya adalah pelanggan yang telah melakukan pembelian minimal dua kali. Jumlah sampel yang diambil adalah sebanyak 150 orang. Sedangkan alat analisis yang digunakan yaitu multiple regression.

Dari hasil analisis diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa secara simultan customer relationship management berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan sebesar 49,7%. Sementara itu secara parsial sub variabel dari customer relationship management yakni financial bonds  dan social Bonds berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan sebesar 57,7% dan 24,2%, sedangkan customization bonds berpengaruh positif  namun tidak signifikan
Analisis Tingkat Kesehatan Koperasi Berbasis 4 Aspek Pengelolaan Administrasi
Authors: . Fathullah
Published: May 2022

Dalam penelitian ini sehat tidaknya koperasi dapat ditentukan dari hasil analisis rekapitulasi atas pengelolaan administrasi dan implementasi kebijakan serta dengan pengelolaan organisasi usaha di lingkungan koperasi itu sendiri. Untuk mengukur sehat tidaknya koperasi dalam penelitian ini digunakan penilaian dengan 4 aspek pengelolaan administrasi, yaitu aspek organisasi, aspek tata laksana dan manajemen, aspek produktivitas, serta aspek manfaat dan dampak. Penelitian ini mengambil objek Koperasi Pegawai Negeri (KPN) Niaga Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdangan Samarinda dengan data rekapitulasi akhir tahun 2013. 

Dalam penelitian ini disimpulkan, bahwa koperasi dikatakan sehat apabila di dalam koperasi tersebut tidak terjadi penyimpangan yang fatal, tidak ada monopoli kekuasaan lain selain rapat anggota, dan semua unsur organisasi koperasi memberi dukungan terhadap pelaksaan program kerja/keputusan yang telah disepakati.