bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AI‐Enabled Radio Access Network
Authors: Jang Han Seung , Lee Hoon
Published: December 2019

Initialization and performance optimization of wireless networks are key enablers for the fifth‐generation (5G) radio access network (RAN) design. However, heterogeneity of wireless devices and massive connectivity requirements on 5G systems result in intractable end‐to‐end communication models where traditional model‐based wireless protocols cannot be straightforwardly applied. To tackle this issue, a new 5G RAN design paradigm is addressed based on artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, which lead to data‐driven optimization solutions for nontrivial implementation problems of 5G systems. Still, however, it has not been adequately investigated how to include AI technologies into 5G RAN architecture. To answer this fundamental question, this article illustrates the possibility and the feasibility of using AI for handling implementation difficulties occurring in 5G communication systems. The way to replace traditional model‐based communication solutions with AIs is investigated, especially focused on massive random access and nonconvex resource management applications. Several examples of reinforcement learning, supervised learning, and unsupervised learning techniques applied to 5G RAN are visited. Recent successes of AI‐defined 5G RAN verify that AIs can effectively identify unknown and optimal communication rules in various networking scenarios including initial accessing protocols for massive connectivity and wireless resource control strategies for network performance optimization.
Slicing Across Multiple Operators and Domains
Authors: Vaishnavi Ishan
Published: December 2019

This article presents the background, current status, and the possible future directions on multidomain telecommunication networks, with particular focus on multioperator networks. The article starts by giving a short background on development virtualization and programmable networks that led to the need of creating multidomain telecommunication networks. The solutions present in the industry today are typically in technology silos, which seldom had the need to interact among those silos. As this article will show deployed telecom networks often consist of a criss‐cross of innumerable technology silos resulting in a very large operational expenditure (OPEX) for the operator. Multiple efforts with the aim of reducing operational expenditure (OPEX) for the operator have been proposed and concluded finally resulting in a standards organization that has the objective of integrating those silos into a common architectural technology independent framework and extending itself to the case where the different technologies may also be operated by different operators. This article is a story of the developments that lead to where we are today, in particular focusing on the final status in multidomain and multioperator networks.
An Analysis ofSDNControllers Software
Authors: Hu Tao , Yi Peng , Hu Yuxiang
Published: December 2019

Multi‐controllers can effectively improve the scalability and stability of the control plane in software‐defined networking (SDN) and is becoming a promising solution in large‐scale networks. In this article, we present a research survey for multi‐controller SDN control plane. We categorize the multi‐controller research into two aspects: homogeneous control plane and heterogeneous control plane. For homogeneous control plane, the network uses multiple same types of controllers to achieve the integrative control of the network. The homogeneous structure provides convenience for unified management and maintenance, but poses four critical problems: extending the number of controllers; processing load variance resulting in load imbalance on controllers; unreasonable placement causing low availability; conflicting strategy going against consistency. Heterogeneous multi‐controller SDN control plane that employs different types of controllers has been recently proposed to improve the utilization of control resource and the operation security of control plane. However, due to the increasing number of backdoors and various programming languages, the heterogeneous structure suffers from diverse vulnerabilities and incompatibility problems of different types of controllers. Thus, security and convergence of heterogeneous controllers become two important research topics. We present the research challenges and existing solutions of the aforementioned problems and further propose some promising future researches.
Structural Safety Assessment of 5G Network Infrastructures
Authors: Travanca Rui , de J. Souza Tiago , André João
Published: December 2019

While broadly known that 5G is the next big leap in wireless communication, it must not be forgotten that the telecommunication sector is supported and greatly depends on the safety and performance of physical infrastructures. Masts and towers used for broadcasting of radio and television have been gradually assimilated by the public, and now the attention is on the large number of smaller masts, towers, and poles used for mobile networks. However, most of the general public is unaware of the engineering and expert knowledge behind these common structures; masts, towers, and poles represent the most important structures for the installation of the radio equipment used in transmission of the electromagnetic waves, that provide services of unquestionable importance. Over the last few decades, the demand for these types of structures has increased due to the requirements for their use in the telecommunication sector, and the advent of mobile communication made this demand even greater. This article introduces and discusses the fundamental elements needed for safety assessment of communication structures, presenting the insufficiencies of current design methodologies, and concluding with a comprehensive research proposal aiming to improve the safety of the telecommunication sector.
Mobility Management in D2D
Authors: Shih Mei‐Ju
Published: December 2019

D2D mobility management is important when D2D communication is integrated to the 5G cellular network. This article provides the D2D mobility management techniques from both industrial standards (i.e. 3GPP) and academic research perspectives. In 3GPP Rel‐12, D2D mobility management aims to ensure the D2D UE can (re)select a cell or hand over to a target BS, which supports the D2D communication. In 3GPP Rel‐13, D2D communication is extended for UE‐to‐Network Relay operation, so the mobility management focuses on how to select a qualified Relay UE or Remote UE. In 3GPP Rel‐14 and Rel‐15, D2D communication is used for the vehicular network, so the mobility management copes with the handover to a target BS supporting V2X communication and the inter‐PLMN sidelink reception. Both idle mode mobility and connected mode mobility should be taken into account when the D2D communication is deployed in the cellular network. Nevertheless, the state‐of‐the‐art research progress has shown that the D2D mobility management can further consider various handover schemes (e.g. Joint Handover, Half Handover, Sidelink‐Assisted Handover), handover decision approach (e.g. considering the sidelink signal quality), and UE‐to‐Network Relay operation to achieve D2D service continuity. The overview of D2D mobility management in 3GPP and academic research may serve as a foundation when we further envision the D2D mobility management in 5G, especially the 5G NR V2X.
Security Design for D2D
Authors: Wang Mingjun , Yan Zheng
Published: December 2019

Device‐to‐device (D2D) communication has emerged as a promising technology for the next‐generation mobile communication networks and wireless systems (5G). As an underlay network of conventional cellular networks, e.g. LTE and 5G network, D2D communications have shown great potential in improving communication capability, erasing communication delay, reducing power dissipation, and fostering multifarious new applications and services. In spite of the significant benefits, new application scenarios and system architecture expose D2D services into specific security and privacy threats and issues. These issues hinder the success of various D2D services. In this article, we explore a security architecture for D2D communications under 5G framework. Under this architecture, we investigate potential security and privacy threats and specify security and privacy requirements for designing a security and privacy, preserving D2D system. The state‐of‐the‐art solutions on security and privacy in D2D communications are reviewed comprehensively and intensively and evaluated under the security architecture. The analysis results show the features and drawbacks of existing works when coping with these security and privacy threats and requirements. Finally, we point out open research issues from the existing works and inspire future research efforts.
High Compression‐Induced Conductivity in a Layered Cu–Br Perovskite
Authors: Jaffe Adam , Mack Stephanie A. , Lin Yu , Mao Wendy L. , Neaton Jeffrey B. , Karunadasa Hemamala I.
Published: December 2019

We show that the onset pressure for appreciable conductivity in layered copper‐halide perovskites can decrease by ca. 50 GPa upon replacement of Cl with Br. Layered Cu–Cl perovskites require pressures >50 GPa to show a conductivity of 10−4 S cm−1, whereas here a Cu–Br congener, (EA)2CuBr4 (EA=ethylammonium), exhibits conductivity as high as 2×10−3 S cm−1 at only 2.6 GPa, and 0.17 S cm−1 at 59 GPa. Substitution of higher‐energy Br 4p for Cl 3p orbitals lowers the charge‐transfer band gap of the perovskite by 0.9 eV. This 1.7 eV band gap decreases to 0.3 eV at 65 GPa. High‐pressure X‐ray diffraction, optical absorption, and transport measurements, and density functional theory calculations allow us to track compression‐induced structural and electronic changes. The notable enhancement of the Br perovskite's electronic response to pressure may be attributed to more diffuse Br valence orbitals relative to Cl orbitals. This work brings the compression‐induced conductivity of Cu‐halide perovskites to more technologically accessible pressures.
Direkte Borylierung der C‐H‐Bindungen von (Hetero)Arenen: von Edelmetallkatalysatoren zur metallfreien Katalyse
Authors: Li Yahui , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: December 2019

Organoborverbindungen gehören zu den vielseitigsten und nützlichsten Bausteinen der modernen synthetischen Chemie. In den letzten Jahrzehnten gab es beeindruckende Entwicklungen bei der direkten Borylierung von C‐H‐Bindungen von (Hetero)arenen, wobei die eingesetzten Katalysatoren von Edelmetallen zu metallfreien Systemen übergegangen sind. Dieses Highlight gibt einen kurzen Überblick über diesen Fortgang und hebt jüngste, elegante Arbeiten in diesem Bereich hervor.
Synthesis, characterization and application of Fe3O4@SiO2@CPTMO@DEA‐SO3H nanoparticles supported on bentonite nanoclay as a magnetic catalyst for the synthesis of 1,4‐dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles
Authors: Eftekhari far Behrouz , Nasr‐Esfahani Masoud
Published: December 2019

Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared and decorated on the surface of nanobentonite (NB), and subsequently modified by the organic and inorganic linkers and then sulfonic acid immobilization on the nanoparticles. The NB‐Fe3O4@SiO2@CPTMO@DEA‐SO3H catalyst was characterized via Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, vibrating‐sample magnetometer, X‐ray diffraction patterns, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and thermal gravimetric analysis. The new catalyst benefits from a simple preparation method, and environmentally friendly and high magnetic properties of the nanocatalyst, Accordingly, we used it for the synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3c]pyrazole derivatives in water and ethanol mixture as a green solvent under reflux conditions. Use of mild conditions, easy catalyst separation, cost‐effectiveness, short reaction time, reusability of the catalyst, excellent yield and easy work‐up are the main advantages of the present method.
Back to Basics: Medication Safety
Authors: Spruce Lisa
Published: December 2019

Perioperative nurses administer some medications but are primarily responsible for obtaining, preparing, and documenting medications. Unlike personnel in many other patient care areas, perioperative personnel may not have immediate access to a pharmacist; this lack of pharmacy support can complicate medication administration processes. A variety of medication errors occur in the perioperative setting and can negatively affect patients and personnel. Perioperative nurses should review regulatory information and professional organization guidance documents when they work with other health care team members to address medication safety issues. Some recommendations include submitting clear medication orders, using aseptic technique when transferring medications to the sterile field, and using standardized labeling. In addition, perioperative nurses should obtain only one patient's medications from a dispensing unit at a time and prepare one medication at a time. After reviewing this article and the supporting literature, perioperative nurses should have increased knowledge about medication safety.
Clinical Issues—January 2020
Authors: Ogg Mary J.
Published: December 2019

THIS MONTH

Use of indicator glove systems

Key words: perforation indicator system, double gloving, glove perforation, innermost glove.

Sharps injury protocols

Key words: sharps injury, occupational exposure, risk assessment, bloodborne viruses.

Sharps injury reporting

Key words: injury reporting, sharps injuries, bloodborne pathogen, hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Sterile item storage

Key words: sterile storage room, shelving unit, sterile supplies, sterile item, cabinet.

Combining storage of sterile and unsterile supplies

Key words: sterile supplies, unsterile supplies, sterile storage room, storage rack.
Toughness improvement of novel biobased aromatic polyamide/SEBS/organoclay ternary hybrids
Authors: Lafranche Eric , Krawczak Patricia
Published: December 2019

Biobased aromatic polyamide/organoclay (Cloisite30B, C30B) nanocomposites were melt‐compounded with reactive and nonreactive styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) rubbers at different weight contents to form ternary and quaternary blends. The mechanical properties were investigated as a function of the blend composition. The elongation at break and the impact strength increase with increasing SEBS rubber content, whereas the Young's modulus logically decreases proportionally to SEBS amount. Extra addition of SEBS grafted maleic anhydride (SEBS‐g‐MA) induces a synergistic effect. The SEBS‐g‐MA makes it possible to limit the aforementioned rigidity loss and to greatly increase the impact strength. The critical strain energy release rate increases significantly when both reactive and nonreactive rubbers are combined. Three types of microstructures appear depending on the blend composition: (1) small and numerous well‐dispersed particles when reactive rubber is used, (2) about 10 times bigger and less numerous well‐dispersed particles in the case of nonreactive rubber, and (3) a flocculated dispersion of small particles when both reactive and nonreactive rubber are added. Finally, the polyamide performances were significantly increased when the flocculated morphology was noticed due to a better PAXD/SEBS interfacial adhesion given by the SEBS‐g‐MA compatibilization and to a thinner rubber distribution in the matrix. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48888.
High‐throughput screening assay for the quantification of Cer d18:1/16:0, d18:1/24:0, d18:1/24:1, d18:1/18:0, d18:1/14:0, d18:1/20:0, and d18:1/22:0 in HepG2 cells using RapidFire mass spectrometry
Authors: Dittakavi Sreekanth , Mahadevan Lavanya , Chandrashekar Devaraj V. , Bhamidipati Ravi Kanth , Suresh Juluri , Dhakshinamoorthy Saravanakumar , Li Ziyu , Baerenz Felix , Tennagels Norbert , Mullangi Ramesh
Published: December 2019

Ceramides are known to be involved in various biological processes with their physiological levels elevated in various disease conditions such as diabetes, Alzheimer's, atherosclerosis. To facilitate the rapid screening of Cer d18:1/16:0, d18:1/24:0, d18:1/24:1, d18:1/18:0, d18:1/14:0, d18:1/20:0, and d18:1/22:0 inhibition in HepG2 cells, a RapidFire coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (RF–MS/MS) method has been developed. The RF platform provides an automated solid‐phase extraction system that gave a throughput of 12.6 s per sample to an MS/MS system using electrospray ionization under the positive ion mode. Chromatographic separation of Cer d18:1/16:0, d18:1/24:0, d18:1/24:1, d18:1/18:0, d18:1/14:0, d18:1/20:0, and d18:1/22:0 was achieved using a ternary gradient on C8 type E cartridge. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were 538.2 → 264.2, 650.7 → 264.2, 648.6 → 264.2, 566.4 → 264.2, 510.4 → 264.2, 594.4 → 264.2, 622.5 → 264.2, and 552.3 → 250.2 for Cer d18:1/16:0, d18:1/24:0, d18:1/24:1, d18:1/18:0, d18:1/14:0, d18:1/20:0, d18:1/22:0, and the internal standard (Cer d17:1/18:0), respectively. The RF–MS/MS methodology showed an excellent performance with an average Z′ value of 0.5–0.7. This is the first report of an RF–MS/MS assay for screening of ceramides which is amenable for high‐throughput screening.
Managing supply chain resilience to pursue business and environmental strategies
Authors: Shashi  , Centobelli Piera , Cerchione Roberto , Ertz Myriam
Published: December 2019

Resilience has become a crucial topic in the field of strategic management as it requires companies to design resilient business models to tackle managerial and environmental disruptions of individual firms and supply chains. However, extant research still lacks deep insights into how companies design and manage supply chains according to the resilience principles. With this premise, this paper aims at conducting a state of the art review on supply chain resilience (SCR) considering 125 relevant papers collected from Scopus and Web of Science academic search engine. Starting from the results of the literature review, this study proposes a systemic framework of SCR assessment and contributes to improve the understanding of the impact of different empirically tested constructs on the development of the resilience concept. Further, the findings are summarized in several areas including barriers in developing resilience, metrics to measure the resilience performance, and effective strategies to foster the SCR. Finally, this study outlines promising future research directions for scholars and practitioners.
Business model based on strong sustainability: Insights from an empirical study
Authors: Brozovic Danilo
Published: December 2019

The extant literature on traditional and sustainable business models lacks insights into how strong sustainability—that is, constraining economic and social activities within the limitations of natural resources—can shape business models. Thus, the purpose of this article is to propose a business model framework based on the principles of strong sustainability (SSBM). The proposed framework is developed combining available literature and empirical insights from a qualitative abductive study of 12 permaculture business ventures in Sweden. The results identify nature as the primary stakeholder and recommend strong local anchorage, the creation of diversified income sources, deliberate limitations on economic growth, the infusion of the business model with a systemic and ecosystem perspective, and the design of value flows beyond financial aspects. The discussion reflects on the most important results, provides practical implications and managerial guidelines, and suggests future research in the SSBM.
The gastrocnemiofibular ligament: A new, more anatomically accurate name for the fabellofibular ligament—An original magnetic resonance imaging study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pękala Przemysław A. , Mann Mitchell R. , Pękala Jakub R. , Loukas Marios , Wojciechowski Wadim , Walocha Jerzy A. , Tomaszewski Krzysztof A.
Published: December 2019

Introduction

The fabellofibular ligament (FFL) is a component of the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee and is an anatomically variable static stabilizer. Several investigations have reported prevalence rates for the FFL among their subjects, but no overall prevalence rate has been reported.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a meta‐analysis of all relevant studies reporting prevalence rates of the FFL according to PRISMA and AQUA guidelines and pooled prevalence data using MetaXL 5.3. We also conducted a retroactive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of 100 knees to assess FFL and fabella prevalence.

Results

Twenty‐one studies (from 18 articles) and our MRI data were used in this meta‐analysis (n = 1,176 knees). The pooled prevalence estimate (PPE) for FFL absence was 37.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24.5–51.3%). When divided by continent, PPEs of FFL absence were 31.5% (95% CI, 1.4–72.7%), 58.2% (95% CI, 44.1–71.6%), and 29.0% (95% CI, 14.7–45.7%) for North American, European, and Asian subjects, respectively. Cadaveric and MRI studies showed PPEs of FFL absence of 31.5% and 49.7%, respectively. Our MRI results showed PPEs of FFL and fabella absences of 42.0 and 80.0%, respectively.

Conclusions

Understanding prevalence rates and anatomical geometry of the FFL will assist surgeons in repairing PLC injuries. Our MRI data and previous studies suggest the FFL is frequently present in knees lacking a fabella. Based on the observations of this study, we propose the ligament be renamed the gastrocnemiofibular ligament.
Prevalence of Bennett lesions based on sex, ancestry, and age in an osteologic collection of 5,662 scapulae
Authors: Knapik Derrick M. , Merryman Brandon , Tanenbaum Joseph E. , Bafus Blaine T.
Published: December 2019

Background

Bennett lesions represent an extra‐articular ossification on the posteroinferior aspect of the glenoid fossa and a potential source of posterior shoulder pain and limitation. The prevalence of Bennett lesions in the general population is unknown.

Materials and methods

A total of 5,662 scapulae from 2,831 individual cadaveric specimens greater than 18 years of age at the time of death were examined. Matching scapulae were evaluated for Bennett lesions by two independent authors. Lesion prevalence was calculated and statistical analysis performed to evaluate differences in prevalence based on specimen sex (males vs. females), ancestry (African‐American vs. Caucasian) and with increasing age at the time of death.

Results

Bennett lesions were observed in 3.5% (n = 98 of 2,831) of specimens and 1.8% (n = 104 of 5,662) of scapulae. Interobserver reliability was 0.83, indicating excellent agreement among authors. Males possessed significant higher odds of possessing a Bennett lesion when compared to females (p = .009) and African‐American specimens when compared to Caucasian specimens (p < .001). Each additional year of age was associated with a 1.4% increase in odds of a specimen having a Bennett lesion, while no significant increase in Bennett lesion prevalence was appreciated with increasing specimen age at the time of death when comparing male to female specimens (p = .07) or African‐American to Caucasian specimens (p = .73).

Conclusions

Bennett lesions were identified in 3.5% of osseous specimens and 1.8% of scapulae, with significantly higher prevalence in male and African‐American specimens.
RAPTOR promotes colorectal cancer proliferation by inducing mTORC1 and upregulating ribosome assembly factor URB1
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhang Wei‐Sheng , Wang Zheng‐Xia , Wu Zhi‐Wei , Du Bin‐Bin , Li Lai‐Yuan , Chen Yi‐Feng , Yang Xiong‐Fei , Hao Xiang‐Yong , Guo Tian‐Kang
Published: December 2019

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is evolutionally conserved and frequently activated in various tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). It has been reported that the ribosome assembly factor Urb1 acts downstream of mTORC1/raptor signaling and contributes to digestive organ development in zebrafish. Previously, we highlighted that URB1 was overexpressed in CRC. Here, we assessed the mTORC1/regulatory associated protein with mTOR (RAPTOR)‐URB1 axis in CRC tumorigenesis. We found that RAPTOR was overexpressed in CRC tissues and cell lines, was a favorable predictor in patients with CRC, and positively correlated with URB1. Silencing of RAPTOR suppressed CRC cell proliferation and migration and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro and inhibited xenograft growth in vivo. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of RAPTOR exerted an inverse biological phenotype. Knockdown of RAPTOR quenched mTORC1 activity and reduced the expression of URB1 and cyclinA2 (CCNA2). In contrast, overexpression of RAPTOR activated mTORC1 and upregulated URB1 and CCNA2. Furthermore, URB1 and CCNA2 expression were also impeded by rapamycin, which is a specific inhibitor of mTORC1. Thus, RAPTOR promoted CRC proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression by inducing mTORC1 signaling and transcriptional activation of both URB1 and CCNA2. Taken together, we concluded that RAPTOR has the potential to serve as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC.
Experimental cake‐baking method applicable to nonchlorinated flour
Authors: Baik Byung‐Kee , Donelson Thomas
Published: December 2019

Background and objectives

Approved Method 10‐90.01, Baking Quality of Cake Flour, requires flour chlorination, which poses safety concerns and is inconvenient. The effects of shortening, sugar, and water proportions on the quality of nonchlorinated flour cakes were determined in order to modify the Approved Method and make it applicable to nonchlorinated flour.

Findings

The reduction of shortening and sugar proportions to 35% and 130% (flour weight basis (fwb)), respectively, increased the center height, center‐to‐edge height (C/E) ratio, and volume of nonchlorinated flour cakes. Nonchlorinated flour cakes baked with 35% shortening (fwb), 130% sugar (fwb), and a fixed 120% (fwb) or optimum water proportion were similar in center height to, and greater in volume than, the chlorinated flour cakes baked according to the Approved Method. The volumes of nonchlorinated flour cakes baked with the modified formula showed significant correlations (p < .05) with those of the corresponding chlorinated flour cakes baked according to the Approved Method.

Conclusions

The Approved Method with modifications of the formula to 35% shortening, 130% sugar, and a fixed water proportion of 120% has the potential to be an effective cake‐baking test applicable to nonchlorinated wheat flour.

Significance and novelty

With no need for chlorination, the modified cake‐baking test delivers improved efficiency in the evaluation of wheat flour quality for making cakes.
Tubulointerstitial lesions converted into lupus nephritis
Authors: Yang Ning , Li Longkai
Published: December 2019

A young woman was diagnosed with SLE and Sjögren's syndrome with tubulointerstitial lesions and remained stable after prednisone treatment. However, repeat renal biopsy after prednisone withdrawal revealed it was converted into glomerular lesions.
Desmoid‐type fibromatosis arising from thoracotomy incision
Authors: Samejima Joji , Ito Hiroyuki , Yokose Tomoyuki , Nagashima Takuya
Published: December 2019

Desmoid‐type fibromatosis following thoracotomy is rare and has been previously reported only in <20 cases; however, it might mimic chest wall recurrence of previous cancer and needs differential diagnosis. When the tumor location corresponded to the thoracotomy incision, we should consider desmoid‐type fibromatosis as a differential diagnosis.
Human papillomavirus and survival of patients with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Oliver Jamie R. , Lieberman Seth M. , Tam Moses M. , Liu Cheng Z. , Li Zujun , Hu Kenneth S. , Morris Luc G. T. , Givi Babak
Published: December 2019

Background

To the authors' knowledge, the question of whether human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with outcomes in patients with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) is not well studied at this time. In the current study, the authors investigated patterns of HPV testing and its association with survival in patients with SNSCC using the National Cancer Data Base.

Methods

The authors selected all SNSCC cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2016. HPV testing practices, clinicodemographic factors, treatments, and survival were analyzed. Multivariable Cox regression and propensity score–matched survival analyses were performed.

Results

A total of 6458 SNSCC cases were identified. Of these, only 1523 cases (23.6%) were tested for HPV and included in the current study. The median patient age was 64 years and the majority had advanced stage tumors (overall AJCC stage III‐IV, 721 patients; 62.1%). HPV‐positive SNSCC comprised 31.5% (447 of 1418 cases) of the final study cohort. Among 15 hospitals that routinely tested nonoropharyngeal SCCs for HPV, the percentage of HPV‐positive SNSCCs was smaller (24.6%; P = .04). Patients with HPV‐positive SNSCC were younger (aged 60 years vs 65 years; P < .001), with tumors that were more likely to be high grade (55.3% vs 41.7%; P < .001), and attributed to the nasal cavity (62.2% vs 44.0%; P < .001). HPV‐positive SNSCC was associated with significantly improved overall survival in multivariable regression analysis (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.28‐0.72 [P = .001]) and propensity score–matched (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.38‐0.96 [P = .03]) analyses controlling for clinicodemographic and treatment factors.

Conclusions

Currently, only a minority of patients with SNSCC are tested for HPV. However, a sizable percentage of SNSCC cases may be HPV related; furthermore, HPV‐positive SNSCC is associated with improved overall survival. Routine HPV testing may be warranted in patients with SNSCC.
Hormone receptor and HER2 assessment in breast carcinoma metastatic to bone: A comparison between FNA cell blocks and decalcified core needle biopsies
Authors: Zeng Jennifer , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Aggarwal Gitika , Magda Joanna , Friedlander Maria A. , Murray Melissa , Akram Muzaffar , Reis‐Filho Jorge S. , Weigelt Britta , Edelweiss Marcia
Published: December 2019

Background

Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) guide the clinical management of breast cancer metastases. Decalcification of bone core needle biopsies (CNBs) can affect IHC. In the current study, the authors sought to define whether fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) would be a better alternative to CNB for reliable IHC.

Methods

Patients with breast cancer metastases to bone that were sampled by both CNB and FNA were selected. ER, PR, and HER2 were performed in FNA cell blocks (FNA‐CBs) and concurrent decalcified CNBs. Discrepancies were classified as minor when there was a difference of up to 30% nuclear staining in IHC for ER and PR between paired samples and as major when a clinically relevant change was observed (ie, positive vs negative). Quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction of ESR1 messenger RNA levels was performed on FNA/CNB pairs with discrepancies for ER IHC. IHC status of the primary breast carcinoma was recorded.

Results

Concordance rates for ER, PR, and HER2 were 89%, 67%, and 93%, respectively, between FNA‐CB and CNB pairs from 27 patients. Major discrepancies were noted in approximately 11% of FNA/CNB pairs for ER IHC and in 33% of FNA/CNB pairs for PR. ESR1 messenger RNA levels of FNA/CNB matched samples were similar and did not explain the differences in ER IHC expression in the majority of cases. Two of 27 FNA/CNB pairs had different results for HER2 IHC that changed from negative on CNB to equivocal (2+) on FNA‐CB. Both cases had prior HER2 amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Conclusions

FNA‐CB and CNB appear to constitute acceptable methods for the assessment of ER, PR, and HER2 for clinical decision making.
Improving mathematical learning in Scotland's Curriculum for Excellence through problem posing: an integrative review
Authors: McDonald Paul Argyle , Smith Julie M.
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this paper is to explore the importance of problem posing in learning mathematics at the compulsory education level. Despite acknowledging that children have a natural disposition to pose questions, no curricular provision currently exists for the conceptualisation and operationalisation of mathematical problem posing within Scotland's Curriculum for Excellence. In order to provide evidence to support any curricular change, integrative systematic review and narrative synthesis of quantitative and qualitative studies was conducted. Results suggest that problem posing can offer an array of valuable didactic benefits for pupils such as deeper conceptual knowledge, enhanced problem‐solving skills and an increase in the enjoyment of mathematics. Evidence from the qualitative synthesis provides some tentative guidance on considerations regarding the integration of problem posing to the curriculum. This study argues that in order to improve future learning experiences, mathematical problem posing should be embedded in all Scottish classrooms. Furthermore, problem posing is determined to be effective in the pedagogical development of prospective primary and secondary mathematics practitioners.
Cellular automaton model considering the effect of brake light and traffic light at the intersection
Authors: Chen Yu‐Feng , Dong Zhang , Che Kai , Xiang Zheng‐Tao
Published: December 2019

Traffic flow modeling of urban traffic on a single‐lane road with one traffic light operating as a bottleneck is the basis of research on urban road network. By introducing the brake light rules into ChSch model, we proposed a new cellular automaton traffic flow model of intersection considering the effect of brake light and traffic light to avoid running a red light and rear‐end collision. The first vehicle of the vehicle queue formed in front of the stop line at red light (FVoQ) is focused, and the evolution characteristics of intersection traffic flow are analyzed. Results show that the proposed model is more realistic than ChSch model in the following aspects: (a) The FVoQ decelerates more smoothly with the proposed model. The behavior of smooth deceleration reflects the driver's desire of comfortable driving in real traffic. (b) The proportion of the FVoQ's great and sudden deceleration to avoid running a red light is greatly reduced with the proposed model. In ChSch model, the proportion is larger than 80%, while in the proposed model, the proportion is less than 1%. The behavior of great and sudden deceleration reflects the aggressive driving pattern of a few drivers in real traffic. (c) The rear‐end collision accident rate caused by FVoQ's aggressive driving behaviors is greatly reduced with the proposed model, which conforms more to the real traffic.
Medullary thyroid carcinoma co‐existent with Hashimoto's thyroiditis diagnosed by a comprehensive cytological approach
Authors: Malpani Sheetal , Tandon Ashwani , Panwar Hemlata , Khurana Ujjawal , Kapoor Neelkamal , Behera Ganakalyan , Gupta Vikas
Published: December 2019

Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a preliminary test for the diagnosis of thyroid lesions. We hereby report a rare case of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) co‐existing with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). This case was substantiated with ancillary tests on cytology material to give a novel insight. A 60‐year‐old female presented clinically with diffuse enlargement of the thyroid, and right‐side nodule on ultrasonography. FNAC of the isthmic area showed features of HT, while cytology of right‐side nodule displayed sheets of plasmacytoid cells and frequent scattered large bizarre and pleomorphic cells, lymphoglandular bodies and pale eosinophilic material. The differential diagnosis of MTC with co‐existent HT or high‐grade lymphoma was considered. To establish the diagnosis, serum calcitonin and ancillary studies on aspirated material were carried out. High serum calcitonin (7251 pg/mL), Congophilia on smears, and CD 45−ve; CD56+ve expression of tumor cells on flowcytometric analysis established the diagnosis of MTC over lymphoma. This diagnosis was further confirmed upon histopathology. Ancillary studies on aspirated material established the diagnosis of MTC and excluded the diagnosis of lymphoma. Establishing the correct diagnosis was cardinal in such a scenario as these diseases have extremely diverse management.
Perceived wintering latitude determines timing of song output in a migratory bird
Authors: Brewer Dustin E. , McGill Clint A. , Fudickar Adam M.
Published: December 2019

Migratory bird populations frequently consist of individuals that overwinter variable distances from the breeding site. Seasonal changes in photoperiod, which varies with latitude, underlie seasonal changes in singing frequency in birds. Therefore, migratory populations that consist of individuals that overwinter at different latitudes with large overwintering ranges could experience within‐population variation in seasonal production of song. To test the influence of overwintering latitude on intrapopulation variance in song production in the spring, we subjected two groups of Eastern Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia melodia) from the same partially migratory breeding population to different photoperiodic schedules associated with a 1,300‐km difference in overwintering location. One group remained on the natural photoperiodic schedule of the breeding site (resident group) while the other group experienced a nonbreeding photoperiod that mimicked a southern migration in the fall followed by a northern migration back to the breeding site in the spring (migratory group). We compared song output between the two groups in three different stages (nonbreeding, prebreeding, and breeding). Little singing occurred during nonbreeding stage sample dates (20 November, 6 December) for the resident group, and no singing occurred for the migrant group. During the prebreeding stage (27 January, 7 February), significantly more singing occurred in the resident group than in the migrant group. During the breeding stage (21 March, 4 April), after a simulated migration for the migrants, song output was similar in both groups. These results suggest that within‐population variation in wintering latitude may contribute to variation in seasonal changes in singing behavior, which may covary with readiness to breed. Studies utilizing confirmed migrants and residents, rather than merely simulated migrants and residents, are also needed to better understand these processes.
Palladium Complexes of Thio/Seleno‐Ether Containing N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Regioselective C‐H Bond Arylation
Authors: Bhatt Ramprasad , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Sharma Kamal Nayan , Joshi Hemant
Published: December 2019

The synthesis of the novel S,CNHC type half‐pincer ligand precursors (L1 and L2) is described herein by using the atom economy reactions of 1‐(2‐(phenylthio)ethyl)‐1H‐imidazole with benzyl bromide and bromodiphenylmethane, respectively. The analogous reaction of 1‐(2‐(phenylselanyl)ethyl)‐1H‐imidazole with 2‐bromoethyl phenyl sulfide has also resulted in a imidazolium bromide (L3) which is a precursor of novel S,CNHC,Se type pincer ligand. The route of silver‐NHC transmetalation was employed to get the palladium complexes [Pd(L1/L2–HBr)Cl2] (C1 and C2) and [Pd(L3–HBr)Cl]BF4 (C3). The imidazolium bromide (L1–L3) and palladium complexes (C1–C3) were characterized by using multinuclear NMR and HR‐MS. The structure and bonding in the complexes C1 and C2 were validated by X‐ray crystallography. Thermally robust and moisture/air insensitive palladium complexes C1–C3 have been explored in the catalysis of C–H bond arylation of imidazoles. The protocol operates under mild reaction conditions in air with an excellent regioselective C–H bond arylation at C‐5 position in imidazoles. All the complexes were found to be efficient (yield up to 97 % in 12 h) in the catalysis; however, the activating pincer ligand framework containing Pd catalyst C3, was found to be utmost effective among the three catalysts. Only 0.5 mol‐% catalyst loading is required to achieve admirable yield of the desired cross‐coupled products. A wide range of substrates was examined, and the developed protocol was applicable to all derivatives with high functional group tolerance and greater efficiency. More importantly, the catalyst C3 has also been found recyclable up to five cycles with minor decrease in efficiency which is highly desirable feature for the development of economical and sustainable industrial reaction processes. The PPh3 and Hg poisoning tests have established the complete homogeneous nature of the catalysis.
A Bu4N[Fe(CO)3(NO)]‐Catalyzed Hemetsberger–Knittel Indole Synthesis
Authors: Baykal Aslihan , Plietker Bernd
Published: December 2019

The nucleophilic Fe complex Bu4N[Fe(CO)3(NO)] (TBA[Fe]) catalyzes the direct intramolecular amination of aryl vinyl azides to give the corresponding indole derivatives in good to excellent yields.
An efficient blockchain‐based batch verification scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Yang Yi , He Debiao , Wang Huaqun , Zhou Lu
Published: December 2019

As an important branch of the Internet of Things (IoT), Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) have attracted wide attention from industrial and academic. Due to an opening wireless channel, the security and efficiency of VANETs have also become serious. To enhance the security and efficiency, various batch verification schemes have been proposed. However, most of those schemes suffer from the complicated certificate management problem or different kinds of attacks. Also,the bilinear pairing which is intractable for lightweight devices in VANETs usually be used inthose schemes. To solve the above problems, we propose an efficient blockchain‐based batch verification scheme for VANETs using the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). We also provide security analysis to show its ability to resist current known attacks. Besides, we have implemented corresponding blockchain system and the performance analysis shows that it is suitable for VANETs.
Study on ore‐forming material source and metallogenic epoch of the Taiping Pb‐Zn deposit, Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Dai Hongzhang , Liu Jiajun , Carranza Emmanuel J. M. , Zhai Degao
Published: December 2019

In the Cu‐Au‐Pb‐Zn‐Ag polymetallic mineralization belt of the conjuncture of Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou, occurs the Taiping Pb‐Zn deposit in Proterozoic metamorphic rock strata accompanied by late Proterozoic volcanic rocks. Previous studies on this type of Pb‐Zn deposits are limited. The main purpose of this work is to investigate its metallogenic characteristic and genesis. Rb‐Sr dating of sphalerite yields 714 ± 11 Ma for the Taiping Pb‐Zn deposit, which is a new mineralization age of Pb‐Zn deposits in the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou Pb‐Zn metallogenic belt, reflecting that the Pb‐Zn deposits in the Proterozoic basement strata formed in the Neoproterozoic. In addition, the characteristics of its minerals, including pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, gersdorffite, and galena, imply that the deposit formed in moderately low temperature and moderately shallow‐seated environments. Sulphur (δ34S of 10.4–12.3‰) was dominantly derived from the reduction of marine sulphate in the strata. Lead isotope data showed normal Pb characteristic, indicating that Pb came from the basement strata and it was affected by metamorphism. 87Sr/86Sr values of trachyandesite are 0.77–0.87, reflecting that Sr was derived from crustal sources. For sphalerite, (87Sr/86Sr)
i (t = 714 Ma) = 0.72064–0.72135, indicating that metallogenic materials (metal) came mainly from the basement strata. The enrichment of Zn was associated with ankerite alteration. Ore‐forming fluid is characterized by moderately low temperature (112.6–188.7°C), moderate salinity (10.61–19.68% NaCl), and moderately low pressure. Compositions of H and O isotopes show that the ore‐forming fluid was derived mainly from formation water, and that tensile spaces in the carbonate rocks likely provided conduits for fluid transport and space for metal precipitation, forming layered zinc ore bodies. In conclusion, the Chengjiang period in this study area was an important stage for zinc mineralization, and the Taiping Pb‐Zn deposit is a MVT type deposit in the Proterozoic basement.
Chronostratigraphic framework of late Mesozoic terrestrial strata in the Hailar–Tamtsag Basin, Northeast China, and its geodynamic implication
Authors: Ji Zheng , Wan Chuan‐Biao , Meng Qi‐An , Zhu De‐Feng , Ge Wen‐Chun , Zhang Yan‐Long , Yang Hao , Dong Yu , Jing Yan
Published: December 2019

The Hailar–Tamtsag Basin (HTB), an important component of the late Mesozoic extensional basin system in Northeast (NE) China, is characterized by episodic rifting, dramatic magmatism, and thick terrestrial sediments, which provides crucial opportunities to understand late Mesozoic tectonomagmatic events in NE China. However, the previously established late Mesozoic chronostratigraphic framework in the basin remains problematic due to limited isotopic chronological constraints. Here, we present 28 new zircon U–Pb ages for the volcanic rocks from the HTB, which allow us to establish a refined chronostratigraphic framework for the late Mesozoic terrestrial strata. Newly calibrated results indicate that the depositional ages of the Tamulangou and Tongbomiao formations are constrained to ca. 157–148 and ca. 142–137 Ma, respectively; the depositional ages of the Lower Nantun and Upper Nantun members are constrained to ca. 131–120 and ca. 117–111 Ma, respectively. Combining these results with previous studies on sedimentation, structural deformation, and magmatism, the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous tectonostratigraphic evolution of the HTB is reconstructed, and three major phases of intracontinental deformation are identified. The HTB experienced extensional deformation in the Late Jurassic due to the break‐off of the subducted oceanic slab of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean and subsequent gravitational collapse of orogenically thickened crust following the closure of the ocean basin. Then, in the latest Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous, the evolution of the HTB was dominated by compressional deformation related to flat‐slab subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate. During the Early Cretaceous, an extensional regime resumed in the HTB in response to rollback of the subducting Paleo‐Pacific Plate.
Developing Innovators: Preparing Twenty‐First Century Graduates for the Idea Economy
Authors: Selznick Benjamin S.
Published: December 2019

This chapter introduces research literature, pedagogies, and experiences associated with developing undergraduate innovators through applied learning. Implications for practice and institutional policy are provided to support translating new ideas into educational realities.
Social participation in head and neck cancer survivors with swallowing disorder: World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 study
Authors: Lee Yu‐Hao , Goo‐Yoshino Shari , Lew Henry L. , Chi Wen‐Chou , Yen Chia‐Feng , Liao Hua‐Fang , Chen Shih‐Ching , Liou Tsan‐Hon
Published: December 2019

Background

Social function and quality of life were negatively impacted by the sequelae of treatment for the disease in the head and neck cancer survivor with swallowing disorder.

Method

Data from a total of 1023 survivors between July 2012 and November 2017 were collected from the Taiwan Data Bank of Persons with Disability. Nonparametric rank F test was used to analyze the influence of different variables on social participation.

Results

(a) All WHODAS (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule) 2.0 scores revealed significantly increased difficulty when swallowing impairment increased (P < .001). (b) Unemployment, institutionalization, severity of swallowing impairment, cancer sites, and WHODAS 2.0 score of domains 1 to 4 were negatively related to social participation, while living in rural area is related to increased social participation.

Conclusions

Social participation was negatively affected by many variables in this population. Among these variables, cancer sites and WHODAS 2.0 score of domains 1 to 4 were the strongest factors.