bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 2D or 3D morphology of sub-nanometer Cu5 and Cu8 clusters changes the mechanism of CO oxidation
Authors: Fernández Estefanía , Boronat Mercedes , Corma Avelino
Published: February 2022

The mechanism of CO oxidation on sub-nanometre copper clusters depends on their 2D or 3D morphology.
Ligand design of zero-field splitting in trigonal prismatic Ni(ii) cage complexes
Authors: Campanella Anthony J. , Ozvat Tyler M. , Zadrozny Joseph M.
Published: February 2022

We report a new magnetostructural correlation for zero-field splitting in D3h Ni(ii) clathrochelates.
Integration of porous graphitic carbon and carbon fiber framework for ultrahigh sulfur-loading lithium–sulfur battery
Authors: Chen Hui , Hong Hengfeng , Zhang Xin , Zhang Yurong , Liu Jingdong , Zheng Yuanhui
Published: February 2022

We report a lithium–sulfur battery with ultrahigh sulfur loading and excellent cycling stability using porous graphitic carbon as a high-conductivity carrier of sulfur and carbon fiber with crisscross conductive framework as an electric attachment site of sulfur.
Two new metal-chalcogenide-cluster-based frameworks with single metal ions of Zn2+(/Sb3+) serving as inter-cluster linkers
Authors: Liu Chengdong , Ding Yayun , Wang Xiang , Zhou Rui
Published: February 2022

Two new P1 cluster-based metal-chalcogenide frameworks with single Zn2+(/Sb3+) metal ions as inter-cluster linkers exhibit good photodegradation activity toward methylene blue.
A highly efficient metal-free hydrocarbonylation of alkynes with propargylamines and water
Authors: Xie Yujuan , Huang Liliang , Qi Yayu , Hu Junduo , Song Liangliang , Feng Huangdi
Published: February 2022

A catalyst- and solvent-free, highly efficient, atom-economical synthesis strategy has been developed for the construction of 1,4-dicarbonyl motifs via hydrocarbonylation of alkynes with propargylamines and water.
Multi-enzymatic cascade reactions with Escherichia coli-based modules for synthesizing various bioplastic monomers from fatty acid methyl esters
Authors: Yoo Hee-Wang , Jung Hyunsang , Sarak Sharad , Kim Ye Chan , Park Beom Gi , Kim Byung-Gee , Patil Mahesh D. , Yun Hyungdon
Published: February 2022

We developed multi-enzymatic cascade reactions with three E. coli-based cell modules and produced biopolymer monomers such as ω-AFAs, α,ω-diols, ω-amino alcohols and α,ω-diamines from fatty acid methyl ester in a one-pot reaction.
Morphological control of covalent organic frameworks in a PEG–H2O system
Authors: Xiao Jing , Chen Jia , Qiu Hongdeng
Published: February 2022

A facile and environmentally friendly protocol is reported for the efficient preparation of four TAPB–DMTP COFs with different morphologies by deploying a PEG–water system as green media under mild conditions.
Deep imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Huang Kangrui , Matsumura Hiroki , Zhao Yaqi , Herbig Maik , Yuan Dan , Mineharu Yohei , Harmon Jeffrey , Findinier Justin , Yamagishi Mai , Ohnuki Shinsuke , Nitta Nao , Grossman Arthur R. , Ohya Yoshikazu , Mikami Hideharu , Isozaki Akihiro , Goda Keisuke
Published: February 2022

A deep-learning-based image restoration method enhances the performance of imaging flow cytometry.
CoreView: fresh tissue biopsy assessment at the bedside using a millifluidic imaging chip
Authors: Cooper David J. , Huang Chuqin , Klavins Dylan A. , Fauver Mark E. , Carson Matthew D. , Fereidouni Farzad , Dintzis Suzanne , Galambos Csaba , Levenson Richard M. , Seibel Eric J.
Published: February 2022

Our CoreView millifluidic chip features sequential modules for biopsy removal (1), transport (2), staining (3), optical imaging (3), storage (4), segmentation (5), and removal (6). This can be used in histopathology and tissue adequacy applications.
Bio-inspired engineering of a perfusion culture platform for guided three-dimensional nerve cell growth and differentiation
Authors: Wei Zihou , Sun Tao , Shimoda Shingo , Chen Zhe , Chen Xie , Wang Huaping , Huang Qiang , Fukuda Toshio , Shi Qing
Published: February 2022

Inspired by the anatomical structure of peripheral neural tissue, a tailor-made biomimetic porous structure was proposed for 3D nerve culture.
A BF3-mediated C–H/C–Li coupling of 1,3,7-triazapyrene with 2-thienyllithium in the design of push–pull fluorophores and chemosensors for nitroaromatics
Authors: Lavrinchenko Igor A. , Moseev Timofey D. , Varaksin Mikhail V. , Zyryanov Grigoriy V. , Taniya Olga S. , Tsmokalyuk Anton N. , Demidov Oleg P. , Borovlev Ivan V. , Charushin Valery N. , Chupakhin Oleg N.
Published: February 2022

A BF3-mediated strategy of oxidative nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen affords mono- and bis-substituted thiophene-derived 1,3,7-triazapyrene fluorophores of interest in the design of luminescent materials and chemosensors for nitroaromatics.
Exploring the potential of the ammine complexes M(NH3)n+ (M = Zr, Re) to activate NH3
Authors: Avilés Alejandro , Colmenares Fernando
Published: February 2022

NH3 is activated by the complex Zr(NH3)7+ through a mechanism involving radical species.
Bentonite-titanium dioxide functional nanocomposites suitable for wastewater treatment: an integrated photocatalyst-adsorbent system
Authors: Venu Sreekala Smitha , Vayalveettil Athira , Kazhuthuttil Kochu Jayasooryan , Thoppil Ramakrishnan Resmi , Puthenveedu Sadasivan Pillai Harikumar
Published: February 2022

A facile, low cost and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of nanocomposites for wastewater treatment due to the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and adsorption is reported.
A colorless, transparent and mechanically robust polyurethane elastomer: synthesis, chemical resistance and adhesive properties
Authors: Zhang Huijuan , An Li , Wang Xue , Niu Chao , Hou Xinjuan
Published: February 2022

In this work, a transparent, mechanically strong and chemically resistant XDI-PUE adhesive was fabricated, which exhibited a remarkable tensile stress of 21.0 MPa with a break strain of 1608%. XDI-PUE also showed good chemical resistance towards toluene and NaOH aqueous solution.
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence sensor for silver ions based on their coordination interaction with cucurbit[6]uril
Authors: Luo Yuhua , Xiang Wei , Zhang Xinyu , Hu Liqiao , Dong Yongping
Published: February 2022

Strong luminol ECL was obtained at the Q[6]/GCE. The interaction between Ag+ and Q[6] could decrease ECL signal. An ECL sensor for the detection of Ag+ was proposed based on the competitive interaction between luminol, silver ions and Q[6].
Near-infrared light-triggered β-NaYF4:Yb,Tm,Gd@MIL-100(Fe) nanomaterials for antibacterial applications
Authors: Song Jie , Sun Leilei , Geng Hongchao , Tan Wenlong , Zhen Deshuai , Cai Qingyun
Published: February 2022

By inducing a photo-Fenton reaction under 980 nm light irradiation, β-NaYF4:Yb,Tm,Gd@MIL-100(Fe) could generate abundant ROS for antibacterial applications.
First biocatalytic synthesis of piperidine derivatives via an immobilized lipase-catalyzed multicomponent reaction
Authors: Budhiraja Meenakshi , Ali Amjad , Tyagi Vikas
Published: February 2022

A robust and reusable biocatalyst was constructed via immobilization of lipase onto magnetic halloysite nanotubes for the synthesis of piperidine derivatives.
Transcutaneous delivery of mung bean-derived nanoparticles for amelioration of psoriasis-like skin inflammation
Authors: Sun Haifeng , Zhao Yunpeng , Zhang Pengfei , Zhai Shumei , Li Weiwei , Cui Jiwei
Published: February 2022

Mung bean-derived nanoparticles exhibit antioxidant activity to reduce reactive oxygen species, which can modulate the immune microenvironment and effectively inhibit psoriasiform skin inflammation.
Recent developments in enantio- and diastereoselective hydrogenation of N-heteroaromatic compounds
Authors: Gunasekar Ramachandran , Goodyear Ross L. , Proietti Silvestri Ilaria , Xiao Jianliang
Published: February 2022

This review details the current scope of catalytic systems for the diastereo- and enantioselective hydrogenation of various N-heterocycles, while highlighting their applications to drug discovery.
Organocatalytic synthesis of poly(hydroxymethylfuroate) via ring-opening polymerization of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural-based cyclic oligoesters
Authors: Ragno Daniele , Di Carmine Graziano , Vannini Micaela , Bortolini Olga , Perrone Daniela , Buoso Sara , Bertoldo Monica , Massi Alessandro
Published: February 2022

Bio-based 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is upgraded to the fully furan-based poly(hydroxymethylfuroate) (PHMF) through a two-step organocatalyzed process.
A system for artificial light signal transduction via molecular translocation in a lipid membrane
Authors: Yang Huiting , Du Shengjie , Ye Zhicheng , Wang Xuebin , Yan Zexin , Lian Cheng , Bao Chunyan , Zhu Linyong
Published: February 2022

Photoisomerization chemistry was used to simulate light signal transduction, in which the light-controlled reciprocating translocation of molecules in lipids activates or deactivates the hydrolysis reaction for an encapsulated substrate.
Trimesityltriangulene: a persistent derivative of Clar's hydrocarbon
Authors: Valenta Leoš , Mayländer Maximilian , Kappeler Pia , Blacque Olivier , Šolomek Tomáš , Richert Sabine , Juríček Michal
Published: February 2022

Three substituents shield the reactive core of Clar’s hydrocarbon triangulene and make it persistent at room temperature in solution. Image of Erich Clar from Dr. Winfried Willicks (1926–2010) is courtesy of Glasgow University, School of Chemistry.
Tuning p-type to n-type semiconductor nature by charge transfer cocrystallization: effect of transfer integral vs. reorganization energy
Authors: Mandal Arkalekha
Published: February 2022

A p-type semiconductor di-carbazole donor is co-crystallized with a TCNQ acceptor to form a 1 : 2 cocrystal, and the resulting charge transfer cocrystal exhibits n-type semiconductor nature.
Correction: An integrated protocol to study hydrogen abstraction reactions by atomic hydrogen in flexible molecules: application to butanol isomers
Authors: Ferro-Costas David , Cordeiro M. Natália D. S. , Fernández-Ramos Antonio
Published: February 2022

Correction for ‘An integrated protocol to study hydrogen abstraction reactions by atomic hydrogen in flexible molecules: application to butanol isomers’ by David Ferro-Costas et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03928h.
Programmable motion control and trajectory manipulation of microparticles through tri-directional symmetrical acoustic tweezers
Authors: Wang Yancheng , Pan Hemin , Mei Deqing , Xu Chengyao , Weng Wanyu
Published: February 2022

Programmable motion control and precise trajectory manipulation of microparticles with different shapes is demonstrated by using tri-directional symmetrical acoustic tweezers.
Acetonitrile-induced structure fine-tuning of a trinuclear zinc complex showing multistimuli responsive luminescence
Authors: Zheng Han-Wen , Yang Dong-Dong , Liang Qiong-Fang , Zheng Xiang-Jun
Published: February 2022

A trinuclear zinc complex (1) exhibits mechanochromic and acidochromic luminescence properties with five-color switching. The structure of complex 2 shows that the acetonitrile molecules induce fine-tuning of the structures compared with 1.
XSSJS inhibits hepatic fibrosis by promoting the miR-29b-3p/VEGFA axis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Tianyao , Yang Yu , Wang Baojia , Wang Long , Wang Dong , Cao Ning , Shi Jinyu
Published: February 2022

Hepatic pathological angiogenesis (HPA) is the key event of hepatic fibrosis (HF). Xueshisanjia powder (XSSJS), a Chinese herbal compound, is beneficial for alleviating pathological angiogenesis of hepatic tissue. The present study attempts to reveal the effect and mechanism of XSSJS via regulating miR-29b-3p/VEGFA axis against pathological angiogenesis in HF. In in vitro model, human embryonic kidney 293T cells were transfected with miR-29b-3p mimics, whereby the expression of miR-29b-3p was tested by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), ensued by Luciferase assay determining the relationship between miR-29b-3p and vascular endothelial cell growth factor A (VEGFA). In addition, miR-29b-3p mimic transfected into the activated hepatic stellate cell T6 (HSC-T6). The Cell-Counting-Kit 8 (CCK8) and 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining were first utilized to detect the antiproliferative efficiency of XSSJS following the XSSJS compound serum intervention, and then used to observe the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), VEGFA, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) via RT-PCR, Western blot (WB), and Immunofluorescence (IF) methods. During the in vivo model, XSSJS with boil-free granules were fed to Wistar rats with liver fibrosis caused by intraperitoneal injection of pig serum followed by the transfection of miR-29b-3p adeno-associated virus (AAV). Hematoxylin–Eosin (HE) staining was used for histopathology assessment. The expression of miR-29b-3p, VEGFA, PDGF, TGF-β have been investigated in liver tissue using RT-PCR, WB, IF. The results verified that XSSJS could up-regulate miR-29b-3p and suppress the expression of VEGFA, PDGA, and TGF-β. In mechanism, miR-29b-3p primarily targeted the 3′UTR of VEGFA. In conclusion, XSSJS could modulate miR-29b-3p/VEGFA axis to inhibit the pathological angiogenesis of HF.
Work Setting Effects on Speech-Language Pathology Practice: Implications for Identification of Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Selin Claire M. , Rice Mabel L. , Girolamo Teresa M. , Wang Chien J.
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

Most research on language acquisition and impairments is neutral to work setting; however, work settings (e.g., schools, health care) are expected to differ in alignment with overlaid workplace models (e.g., education, medical). These differences may affect clinical service provision for individuals with specific language impairment (SLI). This article evaluates potential effects of work setting on top-down advocacy initiatives and clinical service provision for children with symptoms of SLI.

Method:

Speech-language pathologists serving pediatric populations in health care–based (n= 140) and school-based (n= 423) work settings completed a three-part survey: (a) participant demographics, (b) report of case/workload and practice patterns, and (c) clinical vignettes and eligibility belief. Data analysis included descriptives and chi-square tests.

Results:

The work setting groups reported differences in eligibility terminology, eligibility criteria, and practice patterns from the point of referral through discharge. The reported differences aligned with overlaid workplace models. As compared to the school-based group, health care–based participants reported fewer eligibility restrictions in the workplace, agreed more often with a belief in less restrictive eligibility criteria, and reported more sensitive clinical decisions when operating under neutral workplace circumstances. Despite these findings, health care–based participants reported a smaller proportion of individuals with language impairment only on their caseload.

Discussion:

Work setting variations influence the underidentification of individuals with SLI for speech-language pathology services. Differences in responses by workplace indicate the need for unique and targeted advocacy efforts. Shifting diagnostic terminology and criteria will be insufficient in closing the gap unless advocacy efforts also address speech-language pathologists' workplace realities.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Language Skills of Youth Offenders
Authors: Chow Jason C. , Wallace Erin Stehle , Senter Reed , Kumm Skip , Mason Carolyn Q.
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

This systematic review and meta-analysis estimates the overall language skills of youth offenders involved with the juvenile justice system. Given the importance of this population, identifying avenues through which we can increase the likelihood of successful interventions is a necessary societal effort.

Method:

Eighteen studies, representing data from 3,304 individuals, contributed 82 effect sizes to the current analytic sample. We used random-effects models to estimate the overall mean effect size metric to address each research question and fit meta-regression models for each moderator analysis.

Results:

Results yielded that youth offenders presented with significantly lower language skills than their nonoffending peers (g= −1.26). Furthermore, high proportions of the present meta-analytic sample were classified as youth with moderate (50%) and severe (10%) language disorders. In general, differences in language skills did not vary as a function of age, gender, or language measure type. We did detect significant differences as a function of sample country and type of peer comparison group.

Conclusions:

This meta-analysis reports on the significantly compromised language skills of youth offenders. We conclude with a discussion of the findings and consideration of the implications for research and practice.
Reliability of the Penetration–Aspiration Scale and Temporal and Clearance Measures in Poststroke Dysphagia: Videofluoroscopic Analysis From the Swallowing Treatment using Electrical Pharyngeal Stimulation Trial
Authors: Everton Lisa F. , Benfield Jacqueline K. , Michou Emilia , Hamdy Shaheen , Bath Philip M.
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

Information on reliability of outcome measures used to assess the effectiveness of interventions in dysphagia rehabilitation is lacking, particularly when used by different research groups. Here, we report on reliability of the penetration–aspiration scale (PAS) and temporal and clearance measures, determined using videofluoroscopy.

Method:

Secondary analysis used videofluoroscopies from the Swallowing Treatment using Electrical Pharyngeal Stimulation trial in subacute stroke. PAS scores (719 scores from 18 participants) were evaluated and compared to the original PAS scores from the trial. Five conditions were assessed, including reliability for every swallow and overall mean of the worst PAS score. Operational rules for assessing temporal and clearance measures were also developed using the same data, and reliability of these rules was assessed. Reliability of component-level and derivative-level scores was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and weighted kappa.

Results:

Image quality was variable. Interrater reliability for the overall mean of the worst PAS score was excellent (ICC = .914, 95% confidence interval [CI] [.853, .951]) but moderate for every swallow in the bolus (ICC = .743, 95% CI [.708, .775]). Intrarater reliability for PAS was excellent (all conditions). Excellent reliability (both inter- and intrarater > .90) was seen for temporal measures of stage transition duration (ICC = .998, 95% CI [.993, .999] and ICC = .995, 95% CI [.987, .998], respectively) as well as initiation of laryngeal closure and pharyngeal transit time and all individual swallow events. Strong scores were obtained for some clearance measures; others were moderate or weak.

Conclusions:

Interrater reliability for PAS is acceptable but depends on how the PAS scores are handled in the analysis. Interrater reliability for most temporal measures was high, although some measures required additional training. No clearance measures had excellent reliability.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19090088
Delivery of Speech-Language Therapy and Audiology Services Across the World at the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey
Authors: Van Eerdenbrugh Sabine , Schraeyen Kirsten , Leysen Heleen , Mostaert Charlotte , D'haenens Wendy , Vandenborre Dorien
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and audiologists from around the world were forced to enter the world of telepractice at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated which types of applications SLPs and audiologists used most frequently at that time. It also examined what the main obstacles then were to provide speech, language, and hearing services through telepractice.

Method:

A short electronic survey with 13 questions was distributed around the world. In total, 1,466 surveys from SLPs and audiologists from 40 countries were used for the analysis. Most of them (77.4%) delivered care through online real-time communication. A minority (40.1%) also delivered care through videos or exercises that they sent to their clients, 37.8% delivered through face-to-face intervention in the same room, 30.0% delivered through telephone without video, and 21.5% provided distant computer-based treatment.

Results:

The most frequently used applications were those that establish synchronous video communication with the client (60.5%). SLPs and audiologists reported using applications to create exercises more frequently than applications that contain exercises or training (15.0% vs. 12.0%). The most reported obstacle (31.2%) referred to technical problems (poor Internet connection, poor quality, or poor access to resources). Other frequently reported obstacles included the difficulty to perform assessment or treatment procedures (13.8%), concentration issues during sessions (12.4%), and lack of interaction between professional and client or patient (10.9%).

Conclusions:

Many SLPs and audiologists reported using telepractice technology, mainly in the form of real-time videoconferencing. However, existing barriers included technical problems such as poor Internet connection.
SimAb: A simple, fast, and flexible model to assess the effects of planet formation on the atmospheric composition of gas giants
Authors: Khorshid N. , Min M. , Désert J. M. , Woitke P. , Dominik C.
Published: February 2022

Context. The composition of exoplanet atmospheres provides us with vital insight into their formation scenario. Conversely, planet formation processes shape the composition of atmospheres and imprint their specific signatures. In this context, models of planet formation containing key formation processes help supply clues to how planets form. This includes constraints on the metallicity and carbon-to-oxygen ratio (C/O ratio) of the planetary atmospheres. Gas giants in particular are of great interest due to the amount of information we can obtain about their atmospheric composition from their spectra, and also due to their relative ease of observation.

Aims. We present a basic, fast, and flexible planet formation model, called Simulating Abundances (SimAb), that forms giant planets and allows us to study their primary atmospheric composition soon after their formation.

Methods. In SimAb we introduce parameters to simplify the assumptions about the complex physics involved in the formation of a planet. This approach allows us to trace and understand the influence of complex physical processes on the formed planets. In this study we focus on four different parameters and how they influence the composition of the planetary atmospheres: initial protoplanet mass, initial orbital distance of the protoplanet, planetesimal ratio in the disk, and dust grain fraction in the disk.

Results. We focus on the C/O ratio and the metallicity of the planetary atmosphere as an indicator of their composition. We show that the initial protoplanet core mass does not influence the final composition of the planetary atmosphere in the context of our model. The initial orbital distance affects the C/O ratio due to the different C/O ratios in the gas phase and the solid phase at different orbital distances. Additionally, the initial orbital distance together with the amount of accreted planetesimals cause the planet to have subsolar or supersolar metallicity. Furthermore, the C/O ratio is affected by the dust grain fraction and the planetesimal ratio. Planets that accrete most of their heavy elements through dust grains will have a C/O ratio close to the solar C/O ratio, while planets that accrete most of their heavy elements from the planetesimals in the disk will end up with a C/O ratio closer to the C/O ratio in the solid phase of the disk.

Conclusions. By using the C/O ratio and metallicity together we can put a lower and upper boundary on the initial orbital distance where supersolar metallicity planets are formed. We show that planetesimals are the main source for reaching supersolar metallicity planets. On the other hand, planets that mainly accrete dust grains will show a more solar composition. Supersolar metallicity planets that initiate their formation farther than the CO ice line have a C/O ratio closer to the solar value.
Tracing pebble drift and trapping using radial carbon depletion profiles in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Sturm J. A. , McClure M. K. , Harsono D. , Facchini S. , Long F. , Kama M. , Bergin E. A. , van Dishoeck E. F.
Published: February 2022

Context. The composition of planets may be largely determined by the chemical processing and accretion of icy pebbles in protoplanetary disks. Recent observations of protoplanetary disks hint at wide-spread depletion of gaseous carbon. The missing volatile carbon is likely frozen in CO and/or CO2 ice on grains and locked into the disk through pebble trapping in pressure bumps or planetesimals.

Aims. We aim to measure the total elemental C/H ratio in the outer region of seven disks, four of which have been previously shown to be depleted of carbon gas interior to 0.1 AU through near-infrared spectroscopy.

Methods. We present the results of the first successful Atacama Compact Array (ACA) [C I] J = 1−0 mini-survey of seven protoplanetary disks. Using tailored azimuthally symmetric Dust And LInes thermo-chemical disk models, supported by the [C I] J = 1−0 and resolved CO isotopologue data, we determine the system-averaged elemental volatile carbon abundance in the outer disk of three sources.

Results. Six out of the seven sources are detected in [C I] J = 1−0 with ACA, four of which show a distinct disk component. Based on the modeling we find severe cold gaseous carbon depletion by a factor of 157+17-15 in the outer disk of DL Tau and moderate depletion in the outer disks of DR Tau and DO Tau, by factors of 5+2-1 and 17+3-2, respectively. The carbon abundance is in general expected to be higher in the inner disk if carbon-rich ices drift on large grains toward the star. Combining the outer and inner disk carbon abundances, we demonstrate definitive evidence for radial drift in the disk of DL Tau, where the existence of multiple dust rings points to either short-lived or leaky dust traps. We find dust locking in the compact, smooth disks of DO Tau and DR Tau, which hints at unresolved dust substructure. Comparing our results with the inner and outer disk carbon depletion around stars of different ages and luminosities, we identify an observational evolutionary trend in gaseous carbon depletion that is consistent with dynamical models of CO depletion processes.

Conclusions. The transport efficiency of solids in protoplanetary disks can significantly differ from what we expect based on the current resolved substructure in the continuum observations. This has important implications for our understanding of the impact of radial drift and pebble accretion on planetary compositions.
Correlation between the gas-phase metallicity and ionization parameter in extragalactic H II regions
Authors: Ji Xihan , Yan Renbin
Published: February 2022

The variations of the metallicity and ionization parameter in H II regions are usually thought to be the dominant factors that produce the variations we see in the observed emission line spectra. There is an increasing amount of evidence that these two quantities are physically correlated, although the exact form of this correlation is debatable in the literature. Simulated emission line spectra from photoionized clouds provide important clues about the physical conditions of H II regions and are frequently used for deriving metallicities and ionization parameters. Through a systematic investigation on the assumptions and methodology used in applying photoionization models, we find that the derived correlation has a strong dependence on the choice of model parameters. On the one hand, models that give consistent predictions over multiple emission-line ratios yield a positive correlation between the metallicity and ionization parameter for the general population of H II regions or star-forming galaxies. On the other hand, models that are inconsistent with the data locus in high-dimensional line ratio space yield discrepant correlations when different subsets of line ratios are used in the derivation. The correlation between the metallicity and ionization parameter has a secondary dependence on the surface density of the star formation rate (SFR), with the higher SFR regions showing a higher ionization parameter but weaker correlations. The existence of the positive correlation contradicts the analytical wind-driven bubble model for H II regions. We explore assumptions in both dynamical models and photoionization models, and conclude that there is a potential bias associated with the geometry. However, this is still insufficient to explain the correlation. Mechanisms that suppress the dynamical influence of stellar winds in realistic H II regions might be the key to solving this puzzle, though more sophisticated combinations of dynamical models and photoionization models to test are required.
Primary studies of the composition of distillate beverages produced from Sorbus Domestica fruits
Authors: Galabova Mariana , Stoyanov Nikolay , Mitev Panko
Published: February 2022

S. domestica are valuable plants which have been used for both nutritional purposes and in traditional medicine. Recent studies reveal that in the fruits of S. domestica the sugar content and total acidity is similar to quantities in apples (Malus spp.) and pears (Pyrus spp.). Despite the sufficient data obtained S. domestica is not yet so strongly represented in the production of distilled beverages. For the purpose of this study, we obtained beverages by means of three different methods - distillation of fermented juice (A), distillation of fermented crushed fruit mixture (B) and distillation of ethanol-water extract (C). The different fractions obtained during the distillation process were studied and correspondently used to determine the quantities of Alcohol, Esters, Aldehydes, Higher alcohols and Methanol. Concentration of Esters in the fractions is between 3688.0 mg/L to 29.0 mg/L. The quantity of Esters in fractions of Series A and B is three times higher than in Series C. Regarding the Aldehyde and Higher alcohols content is ten times higher in both A and B Series in comparison to Series C.
Food-derived bioactive peptides-methods for purification and analysis
Authors: Garmidolova Alexandra , Desseva Ivelina , Terziyska Margarita , Pavlov Atanas
Published: February 2022

Bioactive peptides attract the attention of researchers thanks to their high potential to beneficially influence human health. Various activities are reported, and some of these peptides are commercialized as therapeutic agents. Food-related proteins represent an excellent source in this regard. However, the identification, purification, and characterization of bioactive peptides require а complex approach. The full range of analytical techniques is used in combination with the chemical and biological properties of the peptides. The emerging "omics" techniques and "in silico" methods have given a new direction to peptide analysis in recent years. Developing new methods, rapid and low-cost, for the identification, characterization and purification, is a challenging task because of the complexity of food samples. However, bioinformatics is a promising technique for their exploration. These new strategies can predict different types of peptides, their properties and represent a new horizon for releasing their potential. That is why, in this review, we summarize information about methods used for purification and analysis of food-derived bioactive peptides so far, as well as present our point of view about the role of bioinformatics in this process.
Optimization of methanol extraction parameters for total flavonoids from onion processing waste
Authors: Prokopov Tsvetko , Nikolova Milena , Tasheva Stanislava , Taneva Donka
Published: February 2022

Onion processing generates large amount of solid waste. Due to the high amount of biologically active substances the onion processing residues could be interesting source of value-added functional ingredients. In this study the response surface methodology was applied to explore the possibilities of modelling and optimization of the methanol extraction of total flavonoids from onion processing waste. The extraction temperature, time and solvent concentration were first optimized employing Box-Behnken design and then the extraction efficiency was further assessed through kinetics. The optimal extraction conditions were determined to be 53oC, 66 min and 61% of methanol concentration. Data indicated that predicted (15.54 mgQE g-1 dw) and experimental (15.58±0.03 mgQE g-1 dw) values of total flavonoids were not significant different (p > 0.05). The kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of the extraction process were determined also.
Cavitation water treatment with GE USM cleaner device
Authors: Stoeva Donka , Fidan Hafize , Tasheva Stanislava
Published: February 2022

Cavitation treatment of surface and natural waters is a method for their microbiological purification. The aim of the present paper was to investigate the possibilities for the disinfection of natural waters by cavitation treatment with a Ge USM Cleaner device. A full factorial experiment of type 22 was performed. The factors influencing the water purification process were studied. Based on the obtained experimental results, the activation energy, the thermal effect due to the disinfection of the water and the rate constant of the process were calculated. The thermodynamic parameters of the transition state -Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy were also calculated. The analysis of the experimental results proveеd the effectiveness of the method used for natural water treatment.
The incidence of alien species on the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of lentic and lotic communities dominated byPhragmites australis(Cav.) Steud
Authors: Castellani Maria Beatrice , Lastrucci Lorenzo , Lazzaro Lorenzo , Bolpagni Rossano , Dalla Vecchia Alice , Coppi Andrea
Published: February 2022

This study aims to investigate, for the first time, the multiple diversity harbored in plant communities dominated byP. australis, discriminating between lentic and lotic habitats. We focused on the incidence of alien species on taxonomical, phylogenetic and functional diversity. Although it was hypothesized that ecological differences between habitats (lentic vs. lotic) could lead to plant adaptive trade-offs, results showed that theP. australisdominance affected overall plant diversity in the same way in both target habitats. Similarly, the two compared habitats hosted a similar alien species richness and relative abundance. Different results were observed based on whether the alien species richness or their relative abundance were considered regarding the incidence of alien species. Increasing alien species richness in lentic habitats resulted in increased taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity. Instead, in lotic habitats, it promoted a decrease in taxonomic and functional diversity. In contrast, the increase in the relative abundance of alien species resulted in increased taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity in both habitats. Choosing relative abundance vs richness of aliens in lotic stands can have a different impact in evaluating the effect of aliens on various components of diversity.
Innovative phytotherapeutische Ansätze – auf
Entdeckungsreise in Zürich
Authors: Meier Beat
Published: February 2022

Einladung zur tetranationalen Tagung „Phytotherapie 2022 –
innovativ“ vom 16.–18. Juni in Zürich
Therapiestrategien bei 103 Kindern mit kongenitalem
Mikrophthalmus
Authors: Schittkowski Michael P. , Martius Stefanie , Elabbasy Mohamed , Knappe Steffi , Guthoff Rudolf F.
Published: February 2022

Einleitung Ein kongenitaler Mikrophthalmus kann entweder isoliert
auftreten (einfacher Mikrophthalmus) oder mit weiteren okulären Fehlbildungen,
wie einer Sklerokornea oder einer Katarakt, assoziiert sein (komplexer
Mikrophthalmus). Aufgrund des seltenen Auftretens fehlen einheitliche
Behandlungsempfehlungen.

Material und Methoden Retrospektive Fallserie von 103 Patienten bzw.
insgesamt 114 Augen mit kongenitalem Mikrophthalmus mit Erfassung von Alter,
Geschlecht, Visus, Pupillenreaktion, axialer Bulbuslänge, horizontaler Weite der
Lidspalte, Art der durchgeführten Therapie, Komplikationen.

Ergebnisse Alle Patienten waren ausnahmslos primär prothesenfähig. Die
Größe der Lidspalte hing vom zugrunde liegenden Befund ab: „beidseits
Mikrophthalmus“ < „Mikrophthalmus und gesundes Partnerauge“ <
„Mikrophthalmus und Anophthalmus der anderen Seite“. Um bei einem Säugling in
den ersten Lebenswochen oder -monaten die visuelle (Rest-)Funktion als
wichtigsten Faktor für die Entscheidung über die Therapie zu beurteilen, ist die
Pupillenreaktion, speziell bei einseitiger Erkrankung die indirekte
Lichtreaktion des gesunden Auges, von größter Bedeutung. In etwa der Hälfte der
Fälle war eine konservative Prothesenbehandlung ausreichend. Nach der
erfolgreichen Erstanpassung einer Vorlegeprothese fand eine regelmäßige
Prothesenvergrößerung nach Maßgabe des Okularisten statt. Wenn die
Bulbuslängendifferenz so groß war, dass auch mit einer doppelwandigen Prothese
keine Symmetrie zu erzielen war, wurde eine Volumenauffüllung durch retrobulbär
implantierte selbstquellende Pelletexpander (osmed GmbH, Ilmenau) angeboten. Bei
knapp einem Drittel der Patienten erfolgte keine operative Therapie oder
prothetische Versorgung. Die Ursache dafür war meist das Vorliegen einer
minimalen Sehfunktion des Mikrophthalmus (Wahrnehmung von Lichtschein bis Angabe
von Handbewegungen).

Schlussfolgerung Bei vorhandener Sehfähigkeit des Mikrophthalmus sollten
operative Maßnahmen nicht oder nur mit äußerster Zurückhaltung indiziert werden,
da der Erhalt des vorhandenen Visus als vorrangig vor dem kosmetischen Befund
angesehen werden muss. Bei Asymmetrie oder unterentwickelter Lidspalte kann der
Therapiebeginn frühzeitig im 1. Lebensjahr erfolgen, ohne dass daraus
resultierende Komplikationen zu befürchten sind.
Teaching of Nuclear Cardiology in Times of Pandemic: Transfer of a Case-based Interactive Course from Classroom to Distance Learning
Authors: Bell Laura , Lemos Martin , Mottaghy Felix M. , Lindner Oliver , Heinzel Alexander
Published: February 2022

Aim While methods of independent study, such as problem-based learning, have been shown beneficial to students’ learning outcome and motivation to self-educate, these concepts are currently challenged by the pandemic. The aim of the current study was the evaluation of the transfer of an interactive nuclear cardiology teaching module to an online, distance learning setting.
Methods Two-hundred-forty medical students completed and evaluated the teaching module in a classroom and 127 students in the distance learning setting. Results The interactive, problem-based teaching module was transferred well into the distance learning setting during the pandemic. However, while the presented results suggest that distance learning is a good substitute for classroom teaching when in-person teaching is not possible, the distance teaching module was perceived less efficient in its course didactics, demands as well as applicability than the same module in a classroom setting. Conclusion Although distance learning thus cannot entirely replace classroom education, it does provide a well-suited alternative method to teach particularly nuclear medicine and medicine in general. Future applications should offer introductory sessions, provide learning materials in advance and slow down the teaching pace to facilitate online, distance learning.
Fetal Development of the Orbit
Authors: Gaca Piotr Jakub , Lewandowicz Michael , Lipczynska-Lewandowska Malgorzata , Simon Michael , Matos Philomena A. Wawer , Doulis Alexandros , Rokohl Alexander C. , Heindl Ludwig M.
Published: February 2022

Human prenatal development is divided into an embryonic period and a fetal
period. Intense organogenetic activity occurs in the embryonic period of
prenatal life, while the fetal period is marked by less intense changes.
Knowledge of the embryology of the orbit not only allows insights into how
normal variations in the orbital structure arise but also provides an
understanding of how congenital deformities occur when normal orbital
development goes awry. In order to explore our understanding of the
developmental anatomy of the orbit during the fetal period of prenatal life, the
authors have summarized the major milestones in orbital morphogenesis, a
temporally precise and morphogenetically intricate process. This process can be
considered as an anatomic series of complex, well-orchestrated changes in
morphology as well as a series of complex biochemical and molecular events that
coordinate and control the anatomic development. Identifying and linking
signaling pathways and regulatory genes linked with normal orbital morphogenesis
is a crucial step to offer patients with chronic or incurable orbital diseases
effective treatment options in the future.
Tränenwegsbefunde von 143 Kindern mit
Mikrophthalmus-Anophthalmus-Komplex
Authors: Schittkowski Michael P. , Leha Andreas , Horn Maren , Naxer Sabine
Published: February 2022

Hintergrund Darstellung der klinischen Befunde der ableitenden Tränenwege
bei Patienten mit kongenitalem klinischen Anophthalmus und funktionslosem
Mikrophthalmus (MAC-Komplex).

Methoden Retrospektive Studie von 207 konsekutiven Patienten, die zwischen
1998 und 2021 mindestens einmal mit hochhydrophilen selbstquellenden Expandern
bei MAC operiert wurden. Das Tränenwegssystem wurde in Vollnarkose immer vor
allen anderen operativen Maßnahmen sondiert und gespült.

Ergebnisse 64 Patienten wurden wegen möglicher Fehldiagnosen aufgrund
vorheriger Lid- oder Orbitachirurgie an anderer Stelle oder wegen fehlender
Daten ausgeschlossen. Die Analyse umfasste daher 67 Mädchen und 76 Jungen im
Alter zwischen 1 und 126 Monaten (medianes Alter: 5 Monate). 72 Patienten wiesen
einen unilateralen und 42 einen bilateralen Anophthalmus auf, 24 einen
unilateralen und 5 einen bilateralen Mikrophthalmus; somit standen 286
Augenhöhlen (davon 190 mit Pathologie) zur Beurteilung zur Verfügung. Bei
einseitigen Fällen war das Tränenwegssystem auf der normalen Seite nie
betroffen. Auf der anophthalmischen oder mikrophthalmischen Seite war das
Tränenwegssystem nur in 68 Augenhöhlen (35,8%) unauffällig. Der häufigste Befund
war eine Kanalikulusstenose (91 Augenhöhlen; 48%). Eine Stenose des Canaliculus
communis wurde in 12 Augenhöhlen (6,3%) und eine Obstruktion des Ductus
nasolacrimalis in 9 Augenhöhlen (4,7%) festgestellt. Es gab 4 Fälle von Aplasie
beider Tränenpünktchen, andere Anomalien waren nicht auffällig. Beim einseitigen
Anophthalmus ließ sich bei pathologischen Befunden der Tränenwegssondierung ein
signifikanter Zusammenhang mit einer Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalte feststellen,
was in den 3 anderen Gruppen nicht der Fall war.

Schlussfolgerungen Beim kongenitalen klinischen Anophthalmus ist das
Tränensystem in bis zu 66,5% der Fälle betroffen, meist aufgrund einer
Kanalikulusstenose. Auch wenn es keine eindeutigen Hinweise auf einen
embryologischen Zusammenhang gibt, ist diese Assoziation sicher kein
Zufallsbefund.
Rehabilitationsergebnisse bei Covid-19-Erkrankung: eine
Fall-Kontroll-Studie
Authors: Petzold Stefanie , Carney Roisin , Kool JanPieter , Bachmann Stefan
Published: February 2022

Hintergrund Unterscheidet sich der Rehaverlauf von akut
Covid-19-Erkrankten von genesenen Covid-19-Patienten und anderen Rehapatienten?
Vergleich des Verlaufs zwischen akut Covid-19-Erkrankten, genesenen Patienten
und Rehapatienten ohne Covid-19. Design: Fall-Kontroll-Studie.

Material und Methoden Einschluss von im Zeitraum 01.04. bis 30.06.2020
zugewiesenen Patienten mit aktiver Covid-19-Erkrankung (IG), genesenen
Covid-19-Betroffenen (PCG) und einer gleichzeitig rehabilitierten, nach Alter,
Geschlecht und Komorbidität gematchten Kontrollgruppe (Ko).
Primärer Endpunkt war die Selbständigkeit im Alltag (FIM),
weitere Endpunkte waren Lebensqualität (EQ5D-VAS), physische und
mentale Gesundheit (PROMIS10) sowie Mobilität (TUG und 6MWT).

Ergebnisse 101 Patienten wurden eingeschlossen: IG=15;
PCG=22; Ko=64. Die Selbständigkeit und
Lebensqualität bei Eintritt waren in der IG signifikant am
höchsten (FIM IG 95,3 vs. PCG 78,3, vs. Ko 79,6; ANOVA p=0,029;
EQ5D-VAS IG 56.1 vs. PCG 36,6 vs. Ko 51,0; ANOVA p=0,010). Im PROMIS10
sowie in der Mobilität gab es keine Unterschiede. Alle drei Gruppen
verbesserten sich von Ein- zu Austritt signifikant. Die IG schnitt bei Austritt
im FIM am besten ab (IG 109,7 vs. PCG 97,2 vs. Ko 93,6; ANOVA p=0,039).
Die Kontrollgruppe erreichte hinsichtlich Mobilität bei Austritt die
schlechtesten Resultate (TUG Ko 19,3 Sek. vs. 9,6 Sek IG und 8,3 Sek PCG). Im
6MWT zeigte die PCG das beste Resultat (471 m vs. IG 416 m und
Ko 389 m; Differenz n.s.).

Schlussfolgerung Alle drei Patientengruppen konnten sehr gut vom
Rehaprogramm profitieren. Rehamassnahmen bringen auch für isolierte akut
Covid-19-Erkrankte einen Benefit. Insbesondere genesene Covid-19-Patienten
profitieren sehr von den Rehamassnahmen.
CM-352 Efficacy in a Mouse Model of Anticoagulant-Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Navarro-Oviedo Manuel , Marta-Enguita Juan , Roncal Carmen , Rodríguez Jose A. , Zandio Beatriz , Lecumberri Ramón , Hermida Jose , Oyarzabal Julen , Pineda-Lucena Antonio , Páramo Jose A. , Muñoz Roberto , Orbe Josune
Published: February 2022

Background Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the major devastating complications of anticoagulation. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition has been proposed as a novel pharmacological approach for ICH treatment.

Objectives We evaluated the effects of CM-352 (MMP-fibrinolysis inhibitor) in an experimental ICH model associated with oral anticoagulants as compared with clinically used prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC).

Methods ICH was induced by collagenase injection into the striatum of wild type (C57BL/6J) anticoagulated mice (warfarin or rivaroxaban) and Mmp10 −/− mice. Hematoma volume and neurological deficits were measured 24 hours later by diaminobenzidine staining and different behavioral tests. Circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured in plasma samples and local inflammation was assessed by neutrophil infiltration. Finally, fibrinolytic effects of MMP-10 and rivaroxaban were evaluated by thromboelastometry and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) activation assays.

Results Only PCC reduced hemorrhage volume and improved functional outcome in warfarin-ICH, but both PCC and CM-352 treatments diminished hemorrhage volume (46%, p < 0.01 and 64%, p < 0.001, respectively) and ameliorated functional outcome in rivaroxaban-ICH. We further demonstrated that CM-352, but not PCC, decreased neutrophil infiltration in the hemorrhage area at 24 hours. The effect of CM-352 could be related to MMP-10 inhibition since Mmp10 −/− mice showed lower hemorrhage volume, better neurological score, reduced IL-6 levels and neutrophil infiltration, and increased PAI-1 after experimental ICH. Finally, we found that CM-352 reduced MMP-10 and rivaroxaban-related fibrinolytic effects in thromboelastometry and TAFI activation.

Conclusion CM-352 treatment, by diminishing MMPs and rivaroxaban-associated fibrinolytic effects, might be a novel antihemorrhagic strategy for rivaroxaban-associated ICH.